bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pestivirus spillover effect: molecular detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus in domestic and feral pigs
Authors: Aniță Dragoș Constantin , Popa Emilia , Aniță Adriana , Oșlobanu Luanda Elena , Savuța Gheorghe
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT: Pestivirus infections are important in the livestock industries, with infection occurring in cattle, sheep and pigs. The Pestivirus genus of the family Flaviviridae, includes four recognized species: bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 (BVDV-2), border disease virus (BDV), and classical swine fever virus (CSFV). All pestivirus species can infect pigs, therefore accurate and specific pestivirus detection and differentiation is of great importance to assure control measures in swine populations. The aim of the study was the molecular detection of different pestiviruses in domestic and feral pigs. A total of 527 samples (92 pigs and 435 wild boars) were tested for pestiviruses detection using molecular assays. Eleven positive samples (6 wild boars and 5 domestic pigs) were identified using panpestivirus primers targeting the 5’- UTR region of the pestivirus RNA genome. Further all the positive samples were sequentially tested for detection of CSFV, BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 using specific primers. All RNAs were identified as positives for BVDV-1 and no ampliﬁcation signals were obtained from BVDV-2 and CSFV. The current detection of BVDV-1 in clinical swine specimens highlights the important risk factor of swine population as reservoir and consequently carrier for BVDV.
Tremorgenic syndrome caused by Ipomoea pes caprae in cattle
Authors: Graça Flávio A.S. , d’Avila Mariana S. , França Ticiana N. , Armién Aníbal G. , Rolim Marcia F. , Caldas Saulo A. , Santos André M. , Miranda Ileana C. , Peixoto Paulo V.
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT: Poisonous plants are a significant cause of death among adult cattle in Brazil. Plants that affect the central nervous system are widely spread throughout the Brazilian territory and comprise over 30 toxic species, including the genus Ipomoea, commonly associated with a lysosomal storage disease and a tremorgenic syndrome in livestock. We describe natural and experimental Ipomoea pes caprae poisoning in cattle from a herd in the Northside of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Affected cattle presented episodes of severe ataxia, abnormal posture followed by falling, muscular tremor, contraction, and spasticity, more prominent in the limbs, intensified by movement and forthcoming, and recumbence. Grossly, a substantial amount of leaves and petioles were found in the rumen. Histopathological examination showed degenerative neuronal changes, mostly in cerebellar Purkinje cells, which were confirmed with Bielschowsky silver. The characteristic clinical changes and mild histological lesion strongly suggested a tremorgenic syndrome. Lectin- immunohistochemistry evaluation reinforced this hypothesis; all lectins tested failed to react with affect neurons and Purkinje cells, which ruled out an underlying lysosomal storage disease. One calf given I. pes caprae leaves experimentally developed clinical signs similar to natural cases. On the 28th day of the experiment, the plant administration was suspended, and the calf recovered within four days. I. pes caprae’s spontaneous tremorgenic syndrome in cattle is conditioned to exclusive feeding for several months. We were able to experimentally reproduce toxic clinical signs 12 days following the ingestion.
Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita in Aberdeen Angus cattle in Uruguay
Authors: Romero Agustín , Briano Carolina , Quintela Fernando Dutra
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT: Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita is reported for the first time in the Aberdeen Angus (AA) breed in Uruguay. In a commercial herd of 30 purebred Aberdeen Angus cows, two calves with severe musculoskeletal malformations died at birth. The cows had been inseminated using semen imported from Argentina from one elite AA sire only. At necropsy, one calf showed severe muscular atrophy, arthrogryposis affecting all four limbs and the spine, kyphoscoliosis and torticollis. Histopathology showed muscular atrophy with marked fiber size variation and abundant fibroadipose fibers. The central nervous system only showed congestion and edema due to dystocia, whereas the peripheral nerves and the number of motor neurons in the spinal appeared normal. DNA analysis confirmed arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. It is concluded that disease in Aberdeen Angus cattle is due to failure in the neuromuscular junction.
Effect of the type of milking on mammary gland examination in Saanen goats
Authors: Ramos Jean Silva , Gomes Viviani , Matazo Mariana Porto , Silva Cynthia Pereira da Costa e , Baldacim Vinicius Alvim Passos , Madureira Karina Medici
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT This research evaluated the effect of milking on the physical exam of the mammary gland (MG) and milk examination in Saanen goats. Six properties were selected, four farms were used after evaluation of criteria selection and distributed in two groups according to the milking method: manual or mechanical. The physical examination of MG was performed using the techniques of inspection and palpation, in addition to the examination of the milk by strip cup, California Mastitis Test, somatic cell count, and bacteriological exam. It was possible to detect an association between the milking method with the most of physical exam of the MG: inspection of the MG (p = 0.001), inspection of the teat (p = 0.002), palpation of the MG (p = 0.054) and palpation of the teat (p = 0.036). The machine milking had an association with the reduction of the volume of MG (OR = 6.00), reduction of the teat size (OR = 16.19), and firm consistency of mammary parenchyma (OR = 2.39). The use of machine milking represented a less risk for an increase of the volume of the MG volume (OR = 0.288) and the presence of cisternitis (OR = 0.490). The association between the SCC and the type of milking was also detected (p = 0.002). Machine milking was associated with changesin the physical exam of MG and milk examination compatible with traumatic lesions. This information indicates inappropriate use of milking equipment in the dairy goat’s properties.
Computational thinking as a heuristic endeavour: students’ solutions of coding problems
Authors: Silva Ricardo Scucuglia Rodrigues da , Gadanidis George , Hughes Janette , Namukasa Immaculate Kizito
Published: August 2020

Abstract In this paper we investigate students’ computational thinking in mathematics education. Specifically, through the analysis of teaching experiments conducted as qualitative case studies, we explore aspects of constructionism and problem solving. In different learning scenarios, pairs of elementary school and undergraduate students explored coding puzzles in order to complete a posed computational-mathematical task. From a constructionist point of view, the results indicate that the learning experience involved a problem solving spiral of description, execution, reflection and debugging. In the case of the experience of the undergraduate students, we also identified specific characteristics of computational thinking related to heuristic processes such as exploration, planning, analysis, and verification.
Qualidade das águas e análise de metais em folhas de mangue na APA Tinharé-Boipeba (BA)
Authors: Gonçalves Manuel Portugal , Silva Iracema Reimão , Ramos Junior Antonio Bomfim da Silva , Santos Rodrigo Alves , Paixão Luis Henrique Couto , Alencar Cristina Maria Macêdo de , Alva Juan Carlos Rossi
Published: August 2020

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as águas superficiais e os níveis foliares dos elementos-traço (Cu, Zn, Cd e Pb) da Avicennia schaueriana na área de proteção ambiental (APA) Tinharé-Boipeba, litoral sul da Bahia, com ênfase na relação entre a qualidade ambiental e o gerenciamento costeiro. Mensuraram-se in situ variáveis físico-químicas nas águas superficiais, e tomaram-se alíquotas para análises microbiológicas. Também foram coletadas folhas de árvores de mangue em nove estações amostrais. Realizou-se a leitura dos elementos-traço por espectrometria de absorção atômica com chama (F-AAS). As análises físico-químicas e microbiológicas das águas superficiais, ainda que preliminares, indicaram perda de qualidade e desafios ao saneamento, os quais merecem a atenção de autoridades sanitárias ou de saúde pública e consulta à comunidade para elaboração de soluções técnicas compatíveis com os usos da natureza e modos de vida tradicionais na APA. Os níveis foliares dos metais foram normais e não tóxicos, sendo menores do que em áreas costeiras impactadas. Os bosques de mangue encontram-se em bom estado de conservação e servem de área de referência, recomendando-se o monitoramento dos elementos-traço nas folhas ou sedimentos de mangue e qualidade da água. Esta pesquisa tem relevância à conservação dos manguezais, aos usos culturais da natureza e ao gerenciamento costeiro.
Biorremediação de solos contaminados com arsênio por meio de lavagem de solo usando biossurfactantes
Authors: Coelho Ricardo Silva , Teixeira Mônica Cristina
Published: August 2020

RESUMO A mineração de ouro é uma das principais fontes de contaminação de arsênio (As) no Quadrilátero Ferrífero em Minas Gerais. O As é um elemento tóxico capaz de causar sérios danos à saúde humana. Com o objetivo de investigar formas mais ecológicas e igualmente eficientes para a remoção de As em solos, empregou-se a técnica de lavagem de solos (soil washing) com uso de extratos com biossurfactantes (BS) visando promover a mobilização do As contido em solo de mina de ouro abandonada. Para a produção dos extratos, foram selecionadas duas culturas mistas de bactérias produtoras de BS (MPCB e MPBR) tolerantes a alta concentração de arsênio (8 mg.L-1). Os tensoativos produzidos foram estáveis em ampla faixa de pH, 3-11; temperatura, 28-50ºC e salinidade, 1-5% NaCl (p.v-1). Nos testes de lavagem de solo, em pH 11, as remoções de As obtidas com os extratos MPCB (14,01 e 13,72%) e MPBR (12,04 e 12,31%) foram superiores àquelas obtidas com soluções a 1% (p.v-1) dos surfactantes comerciais SDS (0,87 e 0,71%); saponina (0,57 e 0,55%) e lecitina de soja (2,05 e 2,63%). Os resultados dos testes em coluna foram igualmente influenciados pelo pH e pela proporção sólido:líquido. As maiores remoções de As: 25,43% (MPCB) 22,43% (MPBR) foram obtidas em pH 11, na proporção 1:40 (g.mL-1), após 10 ciclos de extração. Os extratos MPCB e MPBR removeram o As solúvel em água, os íons ligados ao carbonato e aqueles adsorvidos. Ambos os extratos tiveram comportamento semelhante ao ácido etilenodiaminotetracético (EDTA) e ao extrato de cultura microbiana comercial (GorduraKlin®).
Briefing: Industry 4.0 in construction: radical transformation or restricted agenda?
Authors: Chan Paul W
Published: August 2020

The fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) is poised to transform the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) sector from a project-based industry to a market-based industrialised process. Yet, its (s)low uptake can be attributed to the current emphasis on technological adoption. In this briefing note, it is argued that ignoring non-technical aspects such as the social will to change and ethical choices can result in Industry 4.0 failing to deliver its transformative power in the AEC sector. Rather than focus on technology, questions are raised around systemic change by considering people and process issues. Furthermore, instead of focussing on the calculative value of Industry 4.0, there is also a need to consider (ethical) values when making decisions in the data-driven world of Industry 4.0.
Urban Brazilian watersheds: when to opt for restoration, revitalisation or recovery
Authors: da Silva Juliana Caroline de Alencar , Porto Monica Ferreira do Amaral
Published: August 2020

Brazilian cities, like other cities in developing countries, have changed in the last few decades due to accelerated population growth and rural–urban migration. Since these changes are not accompanied by urban planning, they represent a great risk to the maintenance of a balanced environment. This results in deforestation, excessive soil waterproofing, floodplain occupation, river pollution and much environmental damage. The main threats to watercourses in Brazilian urban areas are polluting loads, loss of ecosystem services due to changes in the natural channel design, as well as the impacts of unplanned occupation in watersheds. When it comes to watershed rehabilitation, three techniques can be adopted: restoration, revitalisation or recovery. The choice between these is based on watershed features and the desired outcome of the rehabilitation process. This paper proposes a method to select water rehabilitation techniques adapted to the context of Brazil.
Rainwater harvesting potentials for a water-scarce city in Bangladesh
Authors: Akter Aysha , Ahmed Shoukat
Published: August 2020

The potential for a rainwater harvesting (RWH) system to supplement the water supply in Chittagong city, Bangladesh, was assessed. Two years were selected for the analysis (2006 and 2020); the projected rainfall for 2020 was evaluated using the Statistical Downscaling Model. Data on projected runoff, land use changes, population growth and catchment areas were also accumulated. The whole city was divided into 22 sub-basins and 176 354 building rooftops were studied for RWH opportunities. Using the weighted linear combination method in a geographic information system environment, potential rooftops and zones were identified for 2006 and 2020. The results showed that the areas with a high RWH potentiality index could supplement water demand by up to 13.03% and 29.68% in 2006 and 2020, respectively. With proper data, this novel approach for a decision support system can be applied to investigate RWH potential in any urban area.
Flow velocity characteristics at a confluent channel with and without flexible vegetation
Authors: Wei Lihua , Li Wenqi , Yang Kejun , Guo Zhixue
Published: August 2020

The interaction between confluence and vegetation is important for understanding the rules of flood control and ecological restoration. To this end, artificial flexible plastic grass was used in a 90° confluent open channel to simulate the ambient conditions of the natural state, and three-dimensional velocities were measured by an acoustic Doppler velocimeter. The velocities of different spatial distribution in different conditions were analysed. The results showed that the existence of vegetation will change the velocity's horizontal distribution and the velocity decreases greatly because of the vegetation. The vegetation reduces the deflection angle of the 90° confluence flow intersection. Under the influence of the vegetation, the flow direction can be restored to the main flow direction more quickly after confluence. Vegetation is the main factor causing the flow velocity reduction in the upstream, whereas in the vicinity of the confluence the influence of vegetation on the velocity will change with the intensity of the turbulence in the region. The influence range of the vegetation on the vertical velocity was found to be double the average height of the vegetation. The vertical velocities changes greatly near the average height of the vegetation.
Sağlık Hizmetleri Bağlamında Üniversite Döner Sermaye İşletmelerinin Kamu Ekonomisi Açısından Analizi
Authors: HOTUNLUOĞLU Hakan , KAYACAN Mehmet Arif
Published: August 2020

Tarih boyunca insanlık için yegâne ihtiyaçlardan olan sağlık günümüzde tüm dünya için birincil ihtiyaç olarak önemini sürdürmektedir. Bugün sağlık ihtiyacı gerek üretim ölçeği gerekse gereken sabit yatırımın büyüklüğü nedeni ile doğal tekel kapsamında analize tabi tutulmaktadır. Türkiye de kamu tarafından sunulan sağlık hizmetleri sağlık bakanlığına bağlı hastaneler ve üniversite hastaneleri tarafından karşılanmaktadır. Hizmetin sunumu bu kurumlar tarafından döner sermaye kapsamında yapılırken, hizmetin finansmanı Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu tarafından gerçekleştirmektedir. Diğer bir ifade ile ilgili hizmetin maliyeti hizmeti sunan kurum tarafından değil bakanlıkça belirlenen tarifelere göre yapılmaktadır. Bu fiyatlama politikası nedeniyle sağlık hizmetleri sunan kurumlar ağır borçlar altına girmekte, bütçe sürdürülebilirliği konusunda sorun yaşamaktadır. Üniversite hastaneleri sağlık hizmetleri faaliyetli yerine getirmenin yanında araştırma ve eğitim faaliyetlerini yürüten akademik kuruluşlardır. Bu kurumlar, kamusal hizmetlerin gerçekleştirebilmesi için akademik ve klinik faaliyetleri birlikte yerine getirmesi gerekmektedir. Sağlık sisteminin önemli kurumlarından olan üniversite hastaneleri son yıllarda gelirleri ile giderlerini karşılayamayan kurumlar haline gelmiştir. Bu durum Türkiye’de sağlık hizmetlerinin sunumu açısından önemli bir yere sahip olan üniversite hastanelerinin son yıllarda finansal sürdürülebilirliği sağlama konusunda ciddi finansal sorunlarla karşı karşıya kalmasına neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, döner sermaye işletmelerinin, tarihi süreci, yönetim yapısı, hangi usul ve esaslarla yönetileceği ve bu işletmelerin örgüt yapısı açıklanacaktır. Üniversite döner sermayeleri içinde üniversite hastanelerinin payı, mali yapıları, borçlanma gereği ve çözüm önerileri üzerinde durulacaktır. Mali ve idari alanlarda yaşanan sıkıntıların ele alındığı bu çalışmada öncelikli olarak mali alanda yapılması gereken düzenlemelerden bahsedilerek yaşanan sorunlara açıklık getirilmiştir ve bu problemlerin çözümüne yönelik politika önerileri sunulmuştur.
Protocols for S100A4+ Macrophages Assist Zika Virus to Invade and Persist in Seminiferous Tubules via Interferon-gamma Mediation v1
Authors: Jing An not provided , Pei-Gang Wang not provided , Ai-Hua Zheng not provided , Zhi-Hai Qin not provided , Dong-Ying Fan not provided , Xiao-Yun Cui not provided , Rui-Qi Gao not provided , Zi-Da Zhen not provided , Zi-Yang Sheng not provided , Shuang-Qing Liu not provided , Yan-Hua Wu not provided
Published: August 2020

Thes protocols describe the experimental methods in “S100A4+ Macrophages Assist Zika Virus to Invade and Persist in Seminiferous Tubules via Interferon-gamma Mediation”.
Conjugation of peptide fragment 579-601 of HIV-gp41 or fragments 308-331 or 421-438 of the HIV-gp120 withkeyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). v1
Authors: A Justiz-Vaillant Angel
Published: August 2020

Chemical synthesis facilitates the generation of peptides which are very difficult to express in bacteria, peptide/protein backbone modification, the incorporation of unnatural amino acids, and the production or synthesis of D-proteins. The C-terminal cysteine can be added to the amino acidic sequences of HIV peptides (fragment 579-601 of the HIV-gp41 and fragments 308-331 or 421-438 of the HIV-gp120). These peptide fragments were dimerized by cysteine oxidation with dimethyl-sulfoxide [1] to faciliutate their conjugation to keyhole limpet hemocyanin that acts as a carrier protein. Reference: 1. Tam JP, Wu CR, Liu w, Zhang JW (1991) Disulfide bond formation in peptides by dimethyl sulfoxide. Scope and applications. J Am Chem Soc 113: 66576662.
Peptide fragment (579-601 from HIV-gp41) conjugated to keyhole limpet haemocyanin to be used as HIV immunogen. v1
Authors: A Justiz-Vaillant Angel
Published: August 2020

Chemical synthesis facilitates the generation of peptides which are exceedingly difficult to express in bacteria, peptide/protein backbone modification, the incorporation of unnatural amino acids, and the production or synthesis of D-proteins. The C-terminal cysteine can be added to the amino acidic sequences of HIV peptides (fragment 579-601 of the HIV-gp41 [1]. These peptide fragments were dimerized by cysteine oxidation with dimethyl-sulfoxide [2] to facilitate their conjugation to keyhole limpet hemocyanin that acts as a carrier protein. Reference: McPhee DA, Kemp BE, Cumming S, Stapleton D, Gust ID, Doherty RR. Recognition of envelope and tat protein synthetic peptide analogs by HIV positive sera or plasma. FEBS Lett. 1988;233(2):393-396. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(88)80468-x. Tam JP, Wu CR, Liu w, Zhang JW (1991) Disulfide bond formation in peptides by dimethyl sulfoxide. Scope and applications. J Am Chem Soc 113: 66576662.
Algunas representaciones discursivas en perspectiva histórica al proceso de paz en Colombia: una mirada desde los principales diarios digitales
Authors: Osorio Monsalve Sandra Milena
Published: August 2020

Se analizaron las distintas representaciones referentes al proceso de paz, presentadas en las noticias nacionales entre los años 2015 y 2018, desde los niveles lexical, semántico y pragmático, con apoyo de un corpus textual extraído de las ediciones impresas y digitales de El Tiempo y El Espectador. Desde las categorías gramaticales, se analizaron la nominalización y la adjetivación; a nivel sociolingüístico, la variación léxica; y desde la semántica, el contexto pragmático. Dichos elementos se encontraron contenidos implícitamente en ambos diarios, a partir de los cuales se construyeron los discursos y sus argumentos, evidenciando así una postura e ideología propias.
Los derechos lingüísticos en Colombia: avances y desafíos
Authors: Trillos Amaya María
Published: August 2020

Según el artículo 10 de la Constitución, el español es el idioma oficial en Colombia y las lenguas nativas son cooficiales en sus territorios ancestrales. Esta situación diglósica propicia una paradoja en las representaciones lingüísticas: mientras las lenguas nativas fueron declaradas cooficiales por su significancia, el español se fomenta como la lengua oficial de la comunicación en la sociedad mayoritaria y entre los diversos pueblos indígenas. Este artículo refleja una revisión de datos documentales y empíricos. También subraya los avances y desafíos en la defensa de los derechos lingüísticos de los pueblos originarios y el uso pleno de sus lenguas.
Una evaluación a la lectura crítica en el nivel superior
Authors: Martínez Solís María Cristina , Góngora Rodríguez Graciela , Renza Coll Ana Cristina
Published: August 2020

Se presentaron los resultados de la investigación que evalúa la lectura crítica en los estudiantes de posgrado de la Universidad del Valle. Se diseña y aplica una prueba con cuatro niveles de competencia: textualidad, género discursivo y situación de comunicación, situación de enunciación y argumentación, con base en el modelo de dinámica social enunciativa (Martínez, 2001). Se realizó un análisis mixto que evidencia dificultades y ubica a los estudiantes en desempeño básico y medio. Los resultados caracterizan el nivel de competencia según facultades e identifican la incidencia del pregrado en la formación de pensamiento crítico en los estudiantes de posgrado.
Los códigos escritos en los entornos digitales: algunos usos estratégicos de estudiantes de nivel secundario y superior
Authors: Godoy Lucía
Published: August 2020

Con un estudio de casos sobre trabajos de escritura digital y colaborativa realizados por estudiantes de nivel secundario y superior, se analizaron las revisiones y los intercambios de los participantes. Se observó que en ambos procesos los estudiantes discutían a partir de sus conocimientos sobre los códigos escritos en educación y que existieron diferencias frente a los mismos, al implicar una utilización estratégica en función de los diferentes contextos sociales. A partir de ello, se sostiene que los entornos digitales habilitan diferentes prácticas escriturales. Estas, al ser identificadas por los estudiantes, les permite elegir los códigos lingüísticos para la escritura.
La formación de los sujetos discursivos lectores en el postdesarrollo
Authors: Garay Álvarez Leydy
Published: August 2020

En este estudio se reflexionó en torno al significado e implicaciones de la formación de los sujetos discursivos lectores en el postdesarrollo, a partir de la revisión de los aspectos teóricos y conceptuales tratados en el marco del Doctorado Interinstitucional en Educación (DIE) de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, con Énfasis en Lenguaje y Educación y la Línea de Investigación Didáctica del Lenguaje y las Matemáticas.
Los héroes de los cuentos ¡Carne de cañón! como autobiografía, según Mijaíl Bajtín
Authors: Gutiérrez Müller Beatriz
Published: August 2020

Este artículo mostrará los principales aportes de la biografía/autobiografía de Mijaíl Bajtín, quien concibió el estudio de una obra literaria en su «totalidad» y no fragmentariamente. Así, se demostrará que los cuentos ¡Carne de cañón! (c. 1916) de Marcelino Dávalos son en realidad una novela. Para ello, se conceptualizará el tipo de novela en donde el héroe es portavoz de un entorno social e ideológico, y se revelará que la obra denuncia la esclavitud en la «Siberia mexicana» —como fue conocida— a principios del siglo xx, el Territorio de Quintana Roo.
APLICACIONES DE LA TELEODONTOLOGÍA EN LA PRÁCTICA ODONTOLÓGICA: REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Fortich Mesa Natalia , Hoyos Hoyos Vivi
Published: August 2020

Introducción: el acceso a los servicios odontológicos en zonas rurales y remotas es una problemática que aún no está resuelta, por lo que se ha introducido la teleodontología, a través de la aplicación de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TICs) por medio de la prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento. El objetivodel presente estudio consistió en determinar el impacto de las aplicaciones de la teleodontología desdelas diferentes especialidades a partir de la evidencia. Métodos: dos revisores realizaron una búsqueda en lasbases de datos PubMed, EMBASE, EBSCO, ScienceDirect y LILACS para identificar estudios publicadosen inglés, español y portugués. Se incluyeron estudios que contenían intervenciones en teleodontología,publicados en los últimos seis años y en texto completo. La calidad de los artículos se evaluó teniendo encuenta el diseño del estudio. Resultados: se identificaron 1028 artículos, y se incluyeron 24 artículos parasu evaluación. Veintitrés de estos artículos eran estudios transversales y un solo estudio fue de intervención.Diecisiete estudios (70,8%) presentaron la teleodontología como una alternativa para diagnósticosy tratamientos de enfermedades bucales en zonas rurales mediante dispositivos móviles, consultas yfotografías. La mayoría de los estudios presentaban un riesgo de sesgo de moderado a alto. Conclusión:pese a que existe evidencia sobre el uso de la teleodontología en los diferentes campos de la odontología,es importante tener en cuenta que, dado que esta es una herramienta novedosa que busca apoyar el accesoa los servicios de salud en zonas remotas, se hace necesario realizar una nueva búsqueda de evidencia conmejor calidad en la publicación.
TÉCNICA PARA LA OPTIMIZACIÓN DEL MOVIMIENTO DE ORTODONCIA EN LA MESIALIZACIÓN DE MOLARES INFERIORES: REPORTE DE UN CASO
Authors: Montilla Puente Virginia Beatriz , Martínez Morales María Valentina , Tomich Biber Dayanna
Published: August 2020

La pérdida prematura de molares trae como consecuencia inclinación mesial de los dientes adyacentes ala brecha edéntula, rebordes marginales desiguales, colapso posterior de la mordida y atresia en el anchodel hueso residual. El cierre de espacio con tratamiento ortodóncico es uno de los posibles tratamientos,sin embargo, en muchos casos ese movimiento se ve comprometido por el colapso de las tablas óseas ydisminución del corredor óseo en el sitio postextracción. Debido a esta problemática, se ha propuesto eluso de la flexicorticotomía como coadyuvante en la mesialización de molares para mejorar el corredoróseo y acelerar el movimiento de ortodoncia. Se presenta una paciente de 22 años, quien acude a laconsulta presentando ausencia de la UD 36. El plan de tratamiento a seguir consistió en flexicorticotomíapara acelerar el desplazamiento de las UD 37 y 38 colocando un anclaje absoluto entre las UD 34 y35. Dicho procedimiento se logró con una mecánica de mesialización con cadena elástica y anclajeabsoluto. Se pudo mesializar las UD 37 y 38, manteniendo una relación clase I estable y encontrando unasolución ortodóncica a un problema que anteriormente era tratado netamente de manera protésica. Seconcluye que esta técnica mejora el movimiento de los molares hacia adelante y abre una nueva gamade posibilidades al permitir movimientos que anteriormente estaban limitados; además, permite cumplirobjetivos de tratamientos de manera más efectiva, brindando una alternativa más eficiente y ahorrandocostos al prescindir del tratamiento protésico.
Los límites epistemológicos de las neurociencias: la falacia de las neuro–lo que sea
Authors: Restrepo Jorge Emiro
Published: August 2020

Actualmente se ha extendido el uso del prefijo “neuro” en diferentes expresiones y diferentes disciplinas. No siempre su uso está justificado. En este artículo de reflexión se pretende evaluar la naturaleza de las neurociencias para demostrar que su evolución filosófica y científica procede a través de la dependencia y la continuidad epistemológica. De cumplir con estos parámetros, las neurociencias van alcanzando su autonomía epistemológica y solo allí surge una nueva disciplina neurociencientífica. Si no se cumplen, surgen problemas epistemológicos y pueden derivarse pseudoexplicaciones que llevan al nacimiento y proliferación de las neuro –lo que sea. El artículo comienza con un análisis sobre la naturaleza de las neurociencias y una revisión de su objeto de estudio. Además, se discute la estructura de la explicación neurocientífica. En la segunda parte, se cuestiona la supuesta legitimidad epistemológica y validez explicativa de la neuroeducación, como un posible caso de una neuro -lo que sea. Se concluye que la explosión científica y tecnológica de las neurociencias y una cultura cerebrocentrista académica y popular han propiciado un incremento no justificado de una serie de neuro -lo que sea que se muestran como legítimos desarrollos filosóficos, científicos y tecnológicos, pero no en todos los casos cumplen con algunos parámetros epistemológicos ineludibles.
Mandingueiros negros no mundo atlântico moderno
Authors: Buono Calainho Daniela
Published: August 2020

O presente artigo visa analisar uma importante dimensão no contexto dos vínculos globais do mundo moderno: a circulação de crenças e práticas mágico-religiosas promovidas por africanos e afrodescendentes, fossem estes escravos ou livres, da África, Portugal e o Brasil. Do conjunto dessas crenças, privilegiamos o uso de amuletos protetores, ou sacos de mandinga, para demonstrar o alcance dessa circulação. A documentação que usamos na pesquisa são os processos sofridos por africanos e afrodescendentes acusados de feitiçaria e pacto demoníaco por parte do tribunal inquisitorial português.
De Panamá a Magallanes: pasajes-mundo y secretos de la tierra desde la figura de Juan Ladrillero
Authors: Onetto Pavez Mauricio , Vélez Posada Andrés
Published: August 2020

Este artículo analiza la trayectoria del piloto Juan Ladrillero (1490-1559) en expediciones hispánicas de expansión en América con el fin de probar la reciprocidad entre prácticas cosmográficas y estrategias geopolíticas en dos pasajes-mundo que conectaron a América con el resto del planeta: el istmo de Panamá y el estrecho de Magallanes. En este marco, se destaca la función del lenguaje del “secreto de la tierra” como dispositivo de comprensión política y geográfica, altamente útil al interior de los procesos de construcción territorial americana y, con ello, de proyección global de la monarquía hispana en la primera mitad del siglo XVI.
Propuesta para mejorar el tiempo de permanencia de maquinaria pesada en talleres de mantenimiento
Authors: Candama Sandoval Andrea , Mulford Cerpa Sebastián , Mendoza Carrillo Breyner , Gómez Ramírez Charles , Troncoso Palacio Alexander
Published: August 2020

Uno de las dificultades que se presentan en el sector de maquinaria pesada son los altos tiempos utilizados en mantenimientos, razón por la cual se inició esta investigación en una compañía enfocada en el mantenimiento de partes de maquinaria pesada, la cual se caracteriza por brindar un servicio eficiente, sin embargo, últimamente ha venido presentando fallas dentro del área de producción. Por lo tanto, se hace un estudio utilizando Diagrama Sinóptico, Diagrama de Ishikawa, Grafica de Pareto. donde se evidencian distintas problemáticas las cuales se ven relacionadas al mal manejo del tiempo, todo esto a partir de las maquinarias en mal estado, la falta de suministros o repuestos para el mantenimiento del operador y la falta de secuencia en sus actividades. En consecuencia, a esto, el área que se ha visto mayormente afectada y que ha presentado mayores complicaciones es la entrega de pedidos, lo cual ha disminuido la eficiencia dentro del servicio que presta la empresa y por lo cual se realizaron unas propuestas de mejora para disminuir el tiempo en el área de taller.
Medición del servicio de internet durante un mes de clases presenciales asistidas a través de tecnología remota
Authors: Lombana Jiménez Antony , Sarmiento Escobar Levith , Castro Torres Carlos , Troncoso Palacio Alexander
Published: August 2020

Con el creciente aumento de la tecnología, la industria de la comunicación a través de internet se hace cada vez más necesaria utilizarla en la familia, el trabajo incluso en los estudios, de tal manera que es indispensable mantener una conexión estable. Pero debido al confinamiento que se vive a principios del año 2020, por causa de la Pandemia de Coronavirus declarada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, lo cual, ha ocasionado un aumento en la cantidad de usuarios conectados, ocasionando inestabilidad en el servicio. Por ello, se realizó este estudio iniciando con una encuesta a 180 usuarios con servicio contratado de 5 megas. Con la ayuda de herramientas de control de calidad, como los gráficos de control X S, se evidenció que de 9 am hasta las 6 pm, son las horas donde se generaba mayor fluctuación de la conexión, pues el servicio presentó inestabilidad y desciende alrededor de los 3.5 megas. Al aplicar el Diagrama de Ishikawa se encontraron una serie de causas que generaban dicho problema. Posteriormente, se realizó un graficó mediante un Diagrama de Pareto, donde se evidenció que aproximadamente el 80% de los problemas son ocasionados por sobre uso del servicio, falta de mantenimiento y materiales de mala calidad.
Propuesta para mejorar el proceso de impresión en la industria litográfica
Authors: Henríquez Sarmiento Lorena , Camacho Menendez Sebastián , Troncoso Palacio Alexander
Published: August 2020

En el presente artículo, se utilizaron algunas herramientas de calidad para identificar problemas presentados en el sector litográfico. Con las cuales se descubrió que los retrasos en los pedidos de producción se debieron a problemas de impresión, donde se encontraron tres fallas comunes. Primera. El 34% de la producción con Impresión corrida. Segundo. El 23% con Papel mal cortado. Tercero. El 3% Impresión incompleta. Por lo tanto, se propusieron las siguientes recomendaciones. Realizar periódicamente mantenimientos para reducir el daño causado a la impresión y evitar la obstrucción de los cabezales de las máquinas de impresión. Además, se debería asignar a una persona como responsable de inspeccionar el proceso para evitar que se envíen folletos incompletos a los clientes. Al finalizar este proyecto, se concluyó que, al aplicar algunas herramientas de calidad, estas facilitan enormemente el trabajo, encontrando las causas de los problemas y las no conformidades presentadas durante el proceso de impresión, lo que ayuda a la mejora continua y poder lograr la satisfacción de los clientes.
Gráficos comparativos entre países de las personas contagiadas por COVID-19
Authors: Verbel Buelvas Luz , Mejía Villareal Jeizon , Manjarres Gomez Hernando , Troncoso Palacio Alexander
Published: August 2020

Debido a la afectación sufrida en el mundo a causa de la pandemia por el covid-19, se surge la idea de hacer un comparativo entre los países con mayor número de contagios para lo cual se utilizan algunas de las herramientas de control calidad. Se inicia descargando información de nueve sitios web, donde se encontró la información necesaria para la aplicación de dichas herramientas, las cuales, facilitaron la identificación del número de contagios en 17 países en el primer cuatrimestre del año 2020, y las posibles causas que generaron la propagación del virus en la población, así mismo, identificar el mayor número de contagios en las ciudades de los países de Colombia y Ecuador. De igual forma, se identificó los países más afectados. Finalmente, se obtuvo que los diagramas utilizados fueron asertivos, ya que cumplieron con la función de corroborar la información recopilada a través de la investigación que se realizó, lo cual se reflejó en las gráficas realizadas, facilitando de esta manera el reconocimiento de los contagios para poder posteriormente ejecutar otros métodos de prevención.
Derecho, Razón y Emoción
Authors: Sellers Mortimer
Published: August 2020

el derecho, la razón y la emoción tienen una larga, estrecha y complicada relación en la historia de la filosofía y de la justicia. Esta discusión sugiere que el derecho gana legitimidad y eficacia cuando une la razón con la emoción, que la razón y la emoción humana son los valores rectores de cualquier sistema jurídico justo, que todos los sistemas jurídicos dicen ser justos y que todos los sistemas jurídicos y todos los académicos del derecho hacen uso de estas ideas, ya sea que las reconozcan o no. Este artículo busca aclarar los conceptos “derecho”, “razón”, “emoción”, “justicia”, “eficacia” y “Estado de derecho”, con el fin de comprender mejor cómo se relacionan entre ellos y así establecer la agenda para un mayor diálogo entre los mismos. Para lo anterior, el primer paso sería considerar cómo estas palabras han sido y deberían usarse para una mejor comprensión y un eventual mejoramiento del derecho y la sociedad. Razón y emoción son los pilares gemelos del derecho, que hacen que este último sea legítimo, justo y eficaz cuando se toman debidamente en cuenta. Nadie puede entender correctamente el derecho sin hacer referencia tanto a la emoción humana como al propósito con el que el derecho existe para servir, que es el bienestar racional de todos y cada uno de los miembros de la sociedad.
Review of the book by A.A. Chibilev “Pictures of Nature of Steppe Eurasia”: Volume 1: From the Foothills of the Alps to the Southern Urals. Moscow & Orenburg: Steppe Institute of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Russian Geographical Society, 2018. 172 p.; Volume 2: From the Urals to the Irtysh. Moscow & Orenburg: Steppe Institute of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Russian Geographical Society, 2019. 184 p.
Authors: Rozenberg G. S.
Published: August 2020

This review was written during self‐isolation and remote access to work in connection with the COVID‐19 coronavirus pandemic.
The Association Between Pregnancy Serum TNF-α Level and Postpartum Insulin Resistance in Pregnant Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Chiti Hossein , Izadi Mohammad Hossein , Mazloomzadeh Saeideh
Published: August 2020

Insulin resistance in gestational diabetes increases maternal and fetal complications. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is an inflammatory factor associated with insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to determine the association between pregnancy serum TNF-α level and postpartum insulin resistance in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. 50 pregnant women, including 25 cases of gestational diabetes and 25 healthy pregnant women, were evaluated. First, during the third trimester of pregnancy, serum TNF-α level of all cases were measured. Two months after delivery, based on the obtained results from insulin levels and a 2-hour glucose tolerance test, HOMA-IR and HOMA-B were calculated, and the association between serum TNF-α level and insulin resistance was determined. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, and chi-square test in SPSS software. The mean serum level of TNF-α in women with gestational diabetes mellitus was higher than healthy subjects, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. The serum level of insulin, HOMA-IR and HOMA-B indices in women with gestational diabetes mellitus were higher than healthy subjects, with a significant difference in all of the measures between two groups (P=0.0001). There was no significant correlation between TNF-α and HOMAIR levels in insulin-resistant mothers two months after delivery (r=−0.33). Also, no significant correlation was detected between pregnancy TNF-α levels and HOMA-B index. Despite the higher serum levels of insulin, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-B in the diabetic group, the serum TNF-α level did not show any correlation with insulin resistance after delivery.
The Effects of Dexmedetomidine Prescription in Paediatric Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension Under Congenital Heart Surgery
Authors: Ghasemzadeh Bahram , Azizi Bahador , Azemati Simin , Bagherinasab Mostafa
Published: August 2020

Anesthetized patient management for pediatric patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a major challenge. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of dexmedetomidine to reduce pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension undergoing cardiac surgery. Sixty-six patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension underwent the study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: group D received a dexmedetomidine injection in a dose of 1 μg/kg in the first hour and then decreased to 0.5 μg/kg/hr, injection continued after surgery until extubation in the post-anesthetic care unit (PACU). Group C received normal saline 0.9% in a similar volume. Pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) and systemic systolic blood pressure (SSBP) were recorded during and after the surgery in the postanesthetic care unit. Needing vasodilators, sedatives, extubation time, and the length of ICU stay were recorded for all patients. Patients in the dexmedetomidine group showed a significant reduction in Pulmonary artery systolic pressure and Pulmonary artery systolic pressure/systemic systolic blood pressure rates during surgery and during the first 24 hours in the post-anesthetic care unit (P<0.001). The dexmedetomidine group, in comparison with the control group, needed a significantly lower dose of a vasodilator (P<0.001) and a lower dose of sedation (P<0.001). It is concluded that the use of dexmedetomidine during the surgery in children with pulmonary hypertension reduces pulmonary artery systolic pressure during and after the surgery.
Study on the Prevalence of Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Mahmoudvand Shahab , Shokri Somayeh , Mirzaei Habibollah , Makvandi Manoochehr , Teimoori Ali , Neisi Niloofar , Pirmoradi Roya , Ramazani Ali
Published: August 2020

Occult hepatitis B (OBI) is a major challenging clinical entity characterized by the absence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The persistence of OBI may progress to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. This study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of OBI among HD patients. In the present cross-sectional study, 89 sera samples of hemodialysis individuals were tested for HBsAg and HBcIgG by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). In addition, the HBV DNA has tested in sera and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples by nested-PCR. Out of 89 patients, 51(57.3%) were males, and 38 (42.7%) females. The ages ranged from 24 to 90 years (with a mean of 57.5±1.37 years). All the sera samples had normal levels of Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine Transaminase (ALT) but had high levels of Creatinine (Cr) (6.9±2.17) and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) (61.83±2.03). 2/89 (2.2%) sera samples were positive for both HBsAg and HBc-IgG test; in addition, HBV DNA was detected in both sera and their PBMC samples. The sera of 15/89 (16.85%) were only positive for the HBc-IgG test, including 10/51 (19.6%) males and 5/38 (13.2%) females (P=0.5). The high 16.85% prevalence OBI has been found among HD patients. To manage OBI infection, screening of HBV DNA should be implemented for HD patients by sensitive molecular means such as nested-PCR and real-time PCR.
Retroesophageal Right Subclavian Artery: A Case Report
Authors: Ataei Maryam Lale , Kheirjou Raziyeh , Mohammadi Susan , Hesam Shariati Nastaran , Fathi Fardin , Hesam Shariati Mohammad Bakhtiar
Published: August 2020

Numerous variations of vessels arising from the aortic arch have been reported. One of the common anatomical variations in the right subclavian artery originating as the last branch of the aortic arch. This report demonstrates two cases of the retroesophageal right subclavian artery in an adult male and female. To highlight the significance of a retro esophageal right subclavian artery, especially its clinical and surgical implications. Multi-slice computed tomography (CT) of a case of an anomalous vessel. This report shows a retro esophageal subclavian artery originating as the last branch from the postero-lateral aspect of the thoracic aorta at the vertebral level T4. No abnormality was seen neither in the heart nor in no other vascular system in this region. Radiologists mainly encounter a retroesophageal right subclavian artery incidentally and are usually described as asymptomatic, but several clinical conditions have been associated with this kind of occurrence.
Assessing Policy Alternatives and Public Support for Protecting the Ras Al Khaimah Mangroves
Authors: Assaf Hamed
Published: August 2020

The mangroves in the emirate of Ras Al Khaimah are under threat due to the encroachment of development, which directly claims land from the mangroves and releases waste into their waterways. This paper highlights the importance of preserving the mangrove wetlands as a vital ecosystem with a multitude of services. It also presents the findings of a study of visitors and residents in Ras Al Khaimah aimed at assessing public environmental awareness and obtaining insights into how people believe the potential conflicts between the economic development of Ras Al Khaimah and the preservation of the mangroves can be resolved. Finally, it proposes recommendations for alternative policies and collaborations to ensure the preservation of the mangrove ecosystem.
Identification of cholix toxin gene in Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 isolated from diarrhea patients in Bushehr, Iran
Authors: Gholizadeh Tangestani Marziyeh , Alinezhad Jafar , Khajeian Abdolmohammad , Gharibi Somayyeh , Haghighi Mohammad Ali
Published: August 2020

Background and Objectives: Cholixin (cholix toxin) is a novel exotoxin in Vibrio cholerae identified as an elongation factor II specific ADP-ribosyltransferase which inhibits protein synthesis in the eukaryotic cell. Previous researches have suggested that cholixin probably is an important virulence factor in non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae (NAG) serotypes that could be related to extra-intestinal rather than intestinal infections. This study was aimed to investigate the frequency and genetic diversity of colixin gene (chxA) in clinical V. cholerae NAG isolates.
Materials and Methods: The presence of chxA gene in 44 clinical V. cholerae NAG isolates were screened using PCR through specific primers designed for the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of chxA gene. The five PCR products of chxA gene were sequenced.
Results: This study showed that chxA gene presented in 19 V. cholerae NAG isolates. The sequences analysis of 5 out of 19 the partial chxA genes amplicon showed that 4 of them belonged to chxA I and the other one belonged to chxA II subtypes. Two distinct clusters were revealed for these isolates by phylogenic analysis, too.
Conclusion: The chxA gene contained high frequency among V. cholerae NAG isolates in Bushehr, Iran. The polymorphism study on RBD of cholixin gene is suggested as an appropriate method for phylogenic characterization of the various chxA gene subtypes.