bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The therapeutic potential of a C‐X‐C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR‐4) antagonist on hypertrophic scarring in vivo
Authors: Ding Jie , Ma Zengshuan , Liu Hongbin , Kwan Peter , Iwashina Takashi , Shankowsky Heather A. , Wong Donald , Tredget Edward E.
Published: August 2014

Effective prevention and treatment of hypertrophic scars (HTSs), a dermal form of fibrosis that frequently occurs following thermal injury to deep dermis, are unsolved significant clinical problems. Previously, we have found that stromal cell‐derived factor 1/CXCR4 signaling is up‐regulated during wound healing in burn patients and HTS tissue after thermal injury. We hypothesize that blood‐borne mononuclear cells are recruited into wound sites after burn injury through the chemokine pathway of stromal cell‐derived factor 1 and its receptor CXCR4. Deep dermal injuries to the skin are often accompanied by prolonged inflammation, which leads to chemotaxis of mononuclear cells into the wounds by chemokine signaling where fibroblast activation occurs and ultimately HTS are formed. Blocking mononuclear cell recruitment and fibroblast activation, CXCR4 antagonism is expected to reduce or minimize scar formation. In this study, the inhibitory effect of CXCR4 antagonist CTCE‐9908 on dermal fibrosis was determined in vivo using a human HTS‐like nude mouse model, in which split‐thickness human skin is transplanted into full‐thickness dorsal excisional wounds in athymic mice, where these wounds subsequently develop fibrotic scars that resemble human HTS as previously described. CTCE‐9908 significantly attenuated scar formation and contraction, reduced the accumulation of macrophages and myofibroblasts, enhanced the remodeling of collagen fibers, and down‐regulated the gene and protein expression of fibrotic growth factors in the human skin tissues. These findings support the potential therapeutic value of CXCR4 antagonist in dermal fibrosis and possibly other fibroproliferative disorders.
Roll-to-roll atomic layer deposition process for flexible electronics encapsulation applications
Authors: Maydannik Philipp S. , Kääriäinen Tommi O. , Lahtinen Kimmo , Cameron David C. , Söderlund Mikko , Soininen Pekka , Johansson Petri , Kuusipalo Jurkka , Moro Lorenza , Zeng Xianghui
Published: August 2014

At present flexible electronic devices are under extensive development and, among them, flexible organic light-emitting diode displays are the closest to a large market deployment. One of the remaining unsolved challenges is high throughput production of impermeable flexible transparent barrier layers that protect sensitive light-emitting materials against ambient moisture. The present studies deal with the adaptation of the atomic layer deposition (ALD) process to high-throughput roll-to-roll production using the spatial ALD concept. We report the development of such a process for the deposition of 20 nm thickness Al2O3 diffusion barrier layers on 500 mm wide polymer webs. The process uses trimethylaluminum and water as precursors at a substrate temperature of 105 °C. The observation of self-limiting film growth behavior and uniformity of thickness confirms the ALD growth mechanism. Water vapor transmission rates for 20 nm Al2O3 films deposited on polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrates were measured as a function of substrate residence time, that is, time of exposure of the substrate to one precursor zone. Moisture permeation levels measured at 38 °C/90% relative humidity by coulometric isostatic–isobaric method were below the detection limit of the instrument (<5 × 10−4 g/m2 day) for films coated at web moving speed of 0.25 m/min. Measurements using the Ca test indicated water vapor transmission rates ∼5 × 10−6 g/m2 day. Optical measurements on the coated web showed minimum transmission of 80% in the visible range that is the same as the original PEN substrate.
iRadioactivity — Possibilities and Limitations for Using Smartphones and Tablet PCs as Radioactive Counters
Authors: Kuhn Jochen , Molz Alexander , Gröber Sebastian , Frübis Jan
Published: August 2014

A study conducted in 2013 showed that about 70–80% of teens and young adults in the United States own a smartphone.1 Furthermore the number of tablet PC users in the United States will increase up to more than 80% by 2015.2 As a result, these devices have increasingly become everyday tools, particularly for the younger generation. In recent years, various articles have been published about the use of smartphones and tablet PCs as experimental tools especially in the physics classroom. This is possible because today's smartphones and tablet PCs are equipped with many sensors, which can be used to perform quantitative measurements of sound, acceleration, magnetic flux density, air pressure, light intensity, humidity, angular velocity, temperature, or position on Earth (GPS). While previous articles mainly present experiments on mechanics or acoustics, in which the acceleration sensor or the microphone is used (for a synopsis of different examples, see Ref. 3; for recent papers, see Refs. 4–11), in this article we focus on experiments for studying radioactivity using the camera sensor.
Women among newly hired physics faculty
Authors: White Susan C.
Published: August 2014

In May, we noted that the percentage of women among physics faculty members reached 14% in 2010. The 14% is a new high—the continuation of a trend seen since we began measuring these data in 1998 when it was 8%. This growth in women's representation is seen at all levels of the professoriate—from instructors through full professors. In terms of sheer numbers, though, it is the women hired as assistant professors driving the increase. In the table, we highlight the percentage of newly hired faculty members who are women. The percentage of women among newly hired full professors increased quite a bit in 2010; this is an artifact of the lower number of male full professors hired in 2010 (which was the first year we collected data after the recession of 2008). In October, we will look at the proportion of physics departments with women faculty members. If you have any questions or comments, please contact Susan White at the Statistical Research Center of the American Institute of Physics (swhite@aip.org).
Plumbdads and Quarkles: Discussing Modeling Trends with Students Using Fictional Parameters
Authors: Grove Timothy
Published: August 2014

Helping students develop an understanding of how to interpret experimental data trends is an important part of the introductory physics laboratory. Unfortunately, many of my colleagues have lamented that too many of their students do this poorly. This is a common refrain, and past research has already revealed student difficulties with measurement, uncertainty, and the overall meaning of data.1–3 Like many instructors, I prefer discovery-style labs and in many laboratory investigations students are asked to use curve-fitting tools to discover a relationship.4 But one day in lab, I began to wonder if students were looking at data and curve fitting in a way profoundly different than scientists. Research already indicates significant differences,5,6 but to get a clearer understanding of how students would treat general data, a hypothetical set of data using fictional parameters (plumbdads and quarkles) was given to first day students.
Pulmonary transplantation of macrophage progenitors as effective and long-lasting therapy for hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Authors: Happle Christine , Lachmann Nico , Škuljec Jelena , Wetzke Martin , Ackermann Mania , Brennig Sebastian , Mucci Adele , Jirmo Adan Chari , Groos Stephanie , Mirenska Anja , Hennig Christina , Rodt Thomas , Bankstahl Jens P. , Schwerk Nicolaus , Moritz Thomas , Hansen Gesine
Published: August 2014

Macrophage progenitors are an effective and long-lasting therapy of hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.
AHR: A Temple of Tolerance to Toxemia
Authors: Chitalia Vipul
Published: August 2014

Signaling via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor minimizes the detrimental effects of infection without compromising the immune response to invading organisms.
Harnessing the Crowd for Neurology Research
Authors: Bhardwaj Anshu
Published: August 2014

Smartphone games can enable rapid collection of large amounts of neurological data from large populations.
Science Translational Medicine
Podcast: 20 August 2014
Authors: Wang Timothy C. , Nusinovich Yevgeniya
Published: August 2014

Timothy C. Wang talks about the role of nerves in the growth of gastric cancer.
Retinal vasculitis: a novel paradoxical effect of anti-TNFα?
Authors: Ben Abdelghani Kaouther , Slouma Maroua , Ben Jalel Wady , Zakraoui Leith
Published: August 2014

Retinal vasculitis (RV) is extremely rare in spondyloarthritis associated with Crohn's disease. Infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody to tumour necrosis factor (TNF) α, is efficient in spondyloarthritis, Crohn's disease and RV. We present the case of a 41-year-old man with a known history of spondyloarthritis associated with Crohn’s disease. He was under treatment with infliximab. Four days after his 12th infusion of infliximab, he presented with sudden blurred vision. Although his disease was in remission, ophthalmological examination revealed bilateral peripheral retinal occlusive vasculitis. The patient responded positively to the treatment by laser photocoagulation and peribulbar corticosteroid injection. Infliximab was not stopped. There was improvement in his eye disease. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of new onset of RV occurring under infliximab in a patient with Crohn's related spondyloarthritis. This case illustrates the possibility of a paradoxical effect of this kind of therapy.
Effectiveness of PhysioDirect telephone assessment and advice services for patients with musculoskeletal problems
Authors: Salisbury Chris , Montgomery Alan A , Hollinghurst Sandra , Hopper Cherida , Bishop Annette , Franchini Angelo , Kaur Surinder , Coast Joanna , Hall Jeanette , Grove Sean , Foster Nadine E
Published: August 2014

STUDY QUESTION

Are PhysioDirect services, based on initial telephone assessment and advice from a physiotherapist, as effective as usual care involving patients waiting for a face-to-face appointment?

SUMMARY ANSWER

Patients allocated to PhysioDirect received treatment more quickly than those allocated to usual care, and had equivalent clinical outcomes.
Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in rural India. Sankara Nethralaya Diabetic Retinopathy Epidemiology and Molecular Genetic Study III (SN-DREAMS III), report no 2
Authors: Raman Rajiv , Ganesan Suganeswari , Pal Swakshyar Saumya , Kulothungan Vaitheeswaran , Sharma Tarun
Published: August 2014

Objective

The study was aimed at estimating the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy in a rural population of South India.

Design

A population-based cross-sectional study.

Participants

13 079 participants were enumerated.

Methods

A multistage cluster sampling method was used. All eligible participants underwent comprehensive eye examination. The fundi of all patients were photographed using 45°, four-field stereoscopic digital photography, and an additional 30° seven-field stereo digital pairs were taken for participants with diabetic retinopathy. The diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy was based on Klein's classification.

Main outcome measures

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy and associated risk factors.

Results

The prevalence of diabetes in the rural Indian population was 10.4% (95% CI 10.39% to 10.42%); the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy, among patients with diabetes mellitus, was 10.3% (95% CI 8.53% to 11.97%). Statistically significant variables, on multivariate analysis, associated with increased risk of diabetic retinopathy were: gender (men at greater risk; OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.01 to 2.29), use of insulin (OR 3.59; 95% CI 1.41 to 9.14), longer duration of diabetes (15 years; OR 6.01; 95% CI 2.63 to 13.75), systolic hypertension (OR 2.14; 95% CI 1.20 to 3.82), and participants with poor glycemic control (OR 3.37; 95% CI 2.13 to 5.34).

Conclusions

Nearly 1 of 10 individuals in rural South India, above the age of 40 years, showed evidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Likewise, among participants with diabetes, the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was around 10%; the strongest predictor being the duration of diabetes.
Obesity independently predicts responders to biphasic insulin 50/50 (Humalog Mix50 and Insuman Comb 50) following conversion from other insulin regimens: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mamza J , Mehta R , Idris I
Published: August 2014

Aims

This study aims to examine the metabolic effects of intensification or initiation of insulin treatment with biphasic insulin 50/50, and determine the predictors of responders or non-responders to biphasic insulin 50/50.

Methods

A cohort of 2183 patients ≥18 years with diabetes, newly treated with biphasic insulin 50/50 between January 2000 and May 2012, were sourced from UK General Practices via The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database. Baseline clinical parameters of 1267 patients with suboptimal glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) >7.5% (>58 mmol/mol) who had received background insulin regimens for at least 6 months preceding biphasic insulin 50/50 were compared against 12-month outcome data. Responders were defined as those with HbA1c <7.5% (58 mmol/mol) and/or HbA1c reduction of ≥1% (10.9 mmol/mol) at 12 months. Comparative analyses were carried out on subgroups of 237 patients initiating insulin therapy with biphasic insulin 50/50, and between users of the Humalog Mix50 (HM50) versus Insuman Comb 50 (IC50). Associations were examined using t tests and multivariate logistic regression techniques.

Results

The overall mean HbA1c reduction at 12 months as a result of intensification and initiation with biphasic insulin 50/50 was 0.5% (5.5 mmol/mol) and 1.6% (17.5 mmol/mol), respectively. Adjusted ORs show obesity (body mass index >30 kg/m2), treatment duration for ≥9 months, and baseline HbA1c are independent determinants of responders. In addition, stratified for baseline HbA1c levels, HM50 was associated with better HbA1c outcome compared with IC50.

Conclusions

biphasic insulin 50/50 is effective for achieving glycemic control in suboptimal HbA1c levels, especially among obese patients with insulin-treated diabetes. Stratified for baseline HbA1c, HM50 was associated with improved HbA1c outcome compared with IC50.
Incentivised case finding for depression in patients with chronic heart disease and diabetes in primary care: an ethnographic study
Authors: Alderson Sarah L , Russell Amy M , McLintock Kate , Potrata Barbara , House Allan , Foy Robbie
Published: August 2014

Objective

To examine the process of case finding for depression in people with diabetes and coronary heart disease within the context of a pay-for-performance scheme.

Design

Ethnographic study drawing on observations of practice routines and consultations, debriefing interviews with staff and patients and review of patient records.

Setting

General practices in Leeds, UK.

Participants

12 purposively sampled practices with a total of 119 staff; 63 consultation observations and 57 patient interviews.

Main outcome measure

Audio recorded consultations and interviews with patients and healthcare professionals along with observation field notes were thematically analysed. We assessed outcomes of case finding from patient records.

Results

Case finding exacerbated the discordance between patient and professional agendas, the latter already dominated by the tightly structured and time-limited nature of chronic illness reviews. Professional beliefs and abilities affected how case finding was undertaken; there was uncertainty about how to ask the questions, particularly among nursing staff. Professionals were often wary of opening an emotional ‘can of worms’. Subsequently, patient responses potentially suggesting emotional problems could be prematurely shut down by professionals. Patients did not understand why they were asked questions about depression. This sometimes led to defensive or even defiant answers to case finding. Follow-up of patients highlighted inconsistent systems and lines of communication for dealing with positive results on case finding.

Conclusions

Case finding does not fit naturally within consultations; both professional and patient reactions somewhat subverted the process recommended by national guidance. Quality improvement strategies will need to take account of our results in two ways. First, despite their apparent simplicity, the case finding questions are not consultation-friendly and acceptable alternative ways to raise the issue of depression need to be supported. Second, case finding needs to operate within structured pathways which can be accommodated within available systems and resources.
A study protocol for a randomised open-label clinical trial of artesunate-mefloquine versus chloroquine in patients with non-severePlasmodium knowlesimalaria in Sabah, Malaysia (ACT KNOW trial)
Authors: Grigg M J , William T , Dhanaraj P , Menon J , Barber B E , von Seidlein L , Rajahram G , Price R N , Anstey N M , Yeo T W
Published: August 2014

Introduction

Malaria due toPlasmodium knowlesiis reported throughout South-East Asia, and is the commonest cause of it in Malaysia.P. knowlesireplicates every 24 h and can cause severe disease and death. Current 2010 WHO Malaria Treatment Guidelines have no recommendations for the optimal treatment of non-severe knowlesi malaria. Artemisinin-combination therapies (ACT) and chloroquine have each been successfully used to treat knowlesi malaria; however, the rapidity of parasite clearance has not been prospectively compared. Malaysia's national policy for malaria pre-elimination involves mandatory hospital admission for confirmed malaria cases with discharge only after two negative blood films; use of a more rapidly acting antimalarial agent would have health cost benefits.P. knowlesiis commonly microscopically misreported asP. malariae,P. falciparumorP. vivax, with a high proportion of the latter two species being chloroquine-resistant in Malaysia. A unified ACT-treatment protocol would provide effective blood stage malaria treatment for allPlasmodiumspecies.

Methods and analysis

ACT KNOW, the first randomised controlled trial ever performed in knowlesi malaria, is a two-arm open-label trial with enrolments over a 2-year period at three district sites in Sabah, powered to show a difference in proportion of patients negative for malaria by microscopy at 24 h between treatment arms (clinicaltrials.gov #NCT01708876). Enrolments started in December 2012, with completion expected by September 2014. A total sample size of 228 is required to give 90% power (α 0.05) to determine the primary end point using intention-to-treat analysis. Secondary end points include parasite clearance time, rates of recurrent infection/treatment failure to day 42, gametocyte carriage throughout follow-up and rates of anaemia at day 28, as determined by survival analysis.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has been approved by relevant institutional ethics committees in Malaysia and Australia. Results will be disseminated to inform knowlesi malaria treatment policy in this region through peer-reviewed publications and academic presentations.

Trial registration number

NCT01708876.
A review of pre-admission advanced airway management in combat casualties, Helmand Province 2013
Authors: Pugh Harry E J , LeClerc S , Mclennan J
Published: August 2014

Objectives

Airway compromise is the third leading cause of potentially preventable combat death. Pre-hospital airway management has lower success rates than in hospital. This study reviewed advanced airway management focusing on cricothyroidotomies and supraglottic airway devices in combat casualties prior to admission to a Role 3 Hospital in Afghanistan.

Methods

This was a retrospective review of all casualties who required advanced airway management prior to arrival at the Role 3 Hospital, Bastion, Helmand Province over a 30-week period identified by the US Joint Theatre Trauma Registry. The notes and relevant X-rays were analysed. The opinions of US and UK clinical Subject Matter Experts (SME) were then sought.

Results

Fifty-seven advanced airway interventions were identified. 45 casualties had attempted intubations, 37 (82%) were successful and of those who had failed intubations, one had a King LT Airway (supraglottic device) and seven had a rescue cricothyroidotomy. The other initial advanced airway interventions were five attempted King LT airways and seven attempted cricothyroidotomies. In total, 14 cricothyroidotomies were performed; in this group, there were nine complications/significant events.

Conclusions

The SMEs suggested that dedicated surgical airway kits should be used and students in training should be taught to secure the cricothyroidotomy tube as well as how to insert it. This review re-emphasises the need to ‘ensure the right person, with the right equipment and the right training, is present at the right time if we are to improve the survival of patients with airway compromise on the battlefield’. The audit reference number is RCDM/Res/Audit/1036/12/0368.
First estimates of genome size in ribbon worms (phylum Nemertea) using flow cytometry and Feulgen image analysis densitometry
Authors: Mulligan Kelly L. , Hiebert Terra C. , Jeffery Nicholas W. , Gregory T. Ryan
Published: August 2014

Ribbon worms (phylum Nemertea) are among several animal groups that have been overlooked in past studies of genome-size diversity. Here, we report genome-size estimates for eight species of nemerteans, including representatives of the major lineages in the phylum. Genome sizes in these species ranged more than fivefold, and there was some indication of a positive relationship with body size. Somatic endopolyploidy also appears to be common in these animals. Importantly, this study demonstrates that both of the most common methods of genome-size estimation (flow cytometry and Feulgen image analysis densitometry) can be used to assess genome size in ribbon worms, thereby facilitating additional efforts to investigate patterns of variability in nuclear DNA content in this phylum.
Change Management: A Case of State Power Utility in India
Authors: Pandey Neeraj , Jaiswal Anand Kumar
Published: August 2014

Uttar Pradesh, the most populous state of India, had plunged into a crisis due to deteriorating electricity supply and worsening law and order situation. The reason behind it was agitation by employees of Uttar Pradesh State Electricity Board (UPSEB) against the power sector reforms undertaken by the state government. As part of the reforms, the government backed unified board structure was trifurcated into separate corporate entities. The State Energy Secretary was pondering over reasons behind this impasse between UPSEB employees and the UPSEB management represented by the Uttar Pradesh Government. He had to evaluate a few available options to resolve the crisis and select the most appropriate one.

This case highlights the importance of understanding change management process. It also looks at various industrial rela-tions issues to be addressed while undergoing transition, especially in an organizational setting where the Government is a majority stakeholder. It examines the reasons behind resistance to change; and external and internal factors that may lead to industrial relations problems. The case also highlights the need for communication among all stakeholders during transition in order to avoid industrial relations problems.
The intersection graph of a group
Authors: Akbari S. , Heydari F. , Maghasedi M.
Published: August 2014

Let G be a group. The intersection graph of G, denoted by Γ(G), is the graph whose vertex set is the set of all nontrivial proper subgroups of G and two distinct vertices H and K are adjacent if and only if H ∩ K ≠ 1. In this paper, we show that the girth of Γ(G) is contained in the set {3, ∞}. We characterize all solvable groups whose intersection graphs are triangle-free. Moreover, we show that if G is finite and Γ(G) is triangle-free, then G is solvable. Also, we prove that if Γ(G) is a triangle-free graph, then it is a disjoint union of some stars. Among other results, we classify all abelian groups whose intersection graphs are complete. Finally, we study the intersection graphs of cyclic groups.
Lagrange polynomials over Clifford numbers
Authors: Ghiloni Riccardo , Perotti Alessandro
Published: August 2014

We construct Lagrange interpolating polynomials for a set of points and values belonging to the algebra of real quaternions ℍ ≃ ℝ0,2, or to the real Clifford algebra ℝ0,3. In the quaternionic case, the approach by means of Lagrange polynomials is new, and gives a complete solution of the interpolation problem. In the case of ℝ0,3, such a problem is dealt with here for the first time. Elements of the recent theory of slice regular functions are used. Leaving apart the classical cases ℝ0,0 ≃ ℝ, ℝ0,1 ≃ ℂ and the trivial case ℝ1,0 ≃ ℝ⊕ℝ, the interpolation problem on Clifford algebras ℝp,q with (p,q) ≠ (0,2), (0,3) seems to have some intrinsic difficulties.
On automorphism-invariant modules
Authors: Quynh Truong Cong , Koşan M. Tamer
Published: August 2014

Let M and N be two modules. M is called automorphism N-invariant if for any essential submodule A of N, any essential monomorphism f : A → M can be extended to some g ∈ Hom (N, M). M is called automorphism-invariant if M is automorphism M-invariant. This notion is motivated by automorphism-invariant modules analog discussed in a recent paper by Lee and Zhou [Modules which are invariant under automorphisms of their injective hulls, J. Algebra Appl. 12(2) (2013), 1250159, 9 pp.]. Basic properties of mutually automorphism-invariant modules and automorphism-invariant modules are proved and their connections with pseudo-injective modules are addressed.
Totally geodesic submanifolds in tangent bundle with g-natural metric
Authors: Ewert-Krzemieniewski Stanisław
Published: August 2014

In a tangent bundle endowed with g-natural metric G we investigate submanifolds defined by a vector field given on a base manifold. We give a sufficient condition for a vector field on M to define totally geodesic submanifold in (TM, G). The parallel vector field is discussed in more detail.
Combining Tsunami Hazard and Vulnerability on the Assessment of Tsunami Inundation Probability in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Guan-Yu , Chiu Yung-Fung , Lin Jing-Hua , Liu Chin-Chu , Chang Yi-Wei , Lien Cheng-Jia
Published: August 2014

As earthquake and tsunami are closely related, the probability of tsunami hazard had been done by extending the approach used in earthquakes. However, the hazard of tsunami depends also on the vulnerability of neighboring structures and hence its hazard and vulnerability should not be assessed separately. The distribution of tsunami height varies so significantly that the traditional definition parallel to that in seismic risk should be modified. Besides, previous studies on the probability of tsunami focused on the occurrence possibility of tsunami hazard in a fixed period of time, but this information is not applicable for a specific tsunami incidence. For the above-mentioned problems, a new algorithm that comprises two components is proposed in the present study. The first component, the Probabilistic Forecast of Tsunami Inundation (PFTI), is the conditional inundation probability once a tsunami of a specific height occurs, or an earthquake is detected at some specific location with a specific magnitude. PFTI comprises the assessments of both tsunami hazard and vulnerability, and can be directly applied to a specific tsunami incidence. The second component treats the Tsunamigenic Earthquake Number (TEN) modified from previous studies on tsunami hazard. These two components are combined to give the inundation possibility in a fixed period of time dubbed Earthquake-induced Tsunami Inundation Probability (ETIP) and the result can be used in urban planning or disaster mitigation guidelines. Application of this methodology to the coast of Taiwan is also discussed.
QUANTILE REGRESSION AS A TOOL FOR PORTFOLIO INVESTMENT DECISIONS DURING TIMES OF FINANCIAL DISTRESS
Authors: ALLEN D. E. , POWELL R. J. , SINGH A. K.
Published: August 2014

The worldwide impact of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) on stock markets, investors and fund managers has lead to a renewed interest in appropriate tools for robust risk management. Quantile regression is a powerful technique and deserves the interest of financial decision makers given its remarkable capabilities for capturing and explaining the behavior of financial return series across a distribution more effectively than ordinary least squares regression methods which are the standard tool. In this paper, we present quantile regression estimation as an attractive additional investment tool, which is more effective than Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) in analyzing information across the quantiles of a distribution. This translates into the more accurate calibration of asset pricing models and subsequent informational gains in portfolio formation. We present empirical evidence of the superior capabilities of quantile regression based techniques as applied across the quantiles of return distributions to derive information for portfolio formation. We show, via stocks in Dow Jones Industrial Index, that at times of financial shocks, such as the GFC, a portfolio of stocks formed using quantile regression in the context of the Fama–French three-factor model, performs better than the one formed using traditional OLS.
Enhanced Light Output of Dipole Source in GaN‐Based Nanorod Light‐Emitting Diodes by Silver Localized Surface Plasmon
Authors: Huang Huamao , Hu Haiying , Wang Hong , Geng Kuiwei
Published: August 2014

The light output of dipole source in three types of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), including the conventional planar LED, the nanorod LED, and the localized surface plasmon (LSP) assisted LED by inserting silver nanoparticles in the gaps between nanorods, was studied by use of two‐dimensional finite difference time domain method. The height of nanorod and the size of silver nanoparticles were variables for discussion. Simulation results show that a large height of nanorod induces strong wavelength selectivity, which can be significantly enhanced by LSP. On condition that the height of nanorod is 400 nm, the diameter of silver nanoparticle is 100 nm, and the wavelength is 402.7 nm, the light‐output efficiency for LSP assisted LED is enhanced by 190% or 541% as compared to the nanorod counterpart or the planar counterpart, respectively. The space distribution of Poynting vector was present to demonstrate the significant enhancement of light output at the resonant wavelength of LSP.
Collagenous Colitis Associated with Protein Losing Enteropathy in a Toddler
Authors: Almadhoun Osama F. , Katzman Philip J. , Rossi Thomas
Published: August 2014

Collagenous mucosal inflammatory disease is a rare gastrointestinal disorder that involves the columnar lining of gastric and intestinal mucosa and is characterized by a distinct subepithelial collagen deposition. Recent clinical and pathological evidence have indicated that collagenous mucosal inflammatory disease can be extensive disease that may concomitantly involve several gastrointestinal sites at the same time. This entity, however, occurs infrequently in children. It is even less common to find concomitant depositions of collagen in the mucosa of gastrointestinal sites other than the colon. Only two cases in pediatric literature reported concomitant involvement, one with gastric and colonic involvement and the other one with gastroduodenocolitis. We are reporting a 15-month-old boy who presented with severe diarrhea and diffuse edema secondary to hypoalbuminemia. Further testing documented protein losing enteropathy (PLE) associated with collagenous colitis.
Rapid Evaluation for Position-Dependent Dynamics of a 3-DOF PKM Module
Authors: Luo Hai-wei , Wang Hui , Zhang Jun , Li Qi
Published: August 2014

Based on the substructure synthesis and modal reduction technique, a computationally efficient elastodynamic model for a fully flexible 3-RPS parallel kinematic machine (PKM) tool is proposed, in which the frequency response function (FRF) at the end of the tool can be obtained at any given position throughout its workspace. In the proposed elastodynamic model, the whole system is divided into a moving platform subsystem and three identical RPS limb subsystems, in which all joint compliances are included. The spherical joint and the revolute joint are treated as lumped virtual springs with equal stiffness; the platform is treated as a rigid body and the RPS limbs are modelled with modal reduction techniques. With the compatibility conditions at interfaces between the limbs and the platform, an analytical system governing differential equation is derived. Based on the derived model, the position-dependent dynamic characteristics such as natural frequencies, mode shapes, and FRFs of the 3-RPS PKM are simulated. The simulation results indicate that the distributions of natural frequencies throughout the workspace are strongly dependant on mechanism's configurations and demonstrate an axial-symmetric tendency. The following finite element analysis and modal tests both validate the analytical results of natural frequencies, mode shapes, and the FRFs.
Effect of Th17 and Treg Axis Disorder on Outcomes of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Connective Tissue Diseases
Authors: Gaowa Saren , Zhou Wenyong , Yu Lilei , Zhou Xiaohui , Liao Kai , Yang Kang , Lu Zhibin , Jiang Hong , Chen Xiaofeng
Published: August 2014

This prospective cohort study is to verify the hypothesis that the balance of Th17 and Treg cells frequencies in the peripheral circulation is disturbed in patients with varying degrees of connective tissue diseases-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (CTD-aPAH) and to prove the influence of Th17/Treg imbalance on prognosis. We detected the frequencies and absolute counts of Th17 and Treg cells and related serum cytokines secretion and expressions of key transcription factors in 117 patients with connective tissue diseases (CTD), 53 patients with CTD-aPAH, and 48 healthy volunteers. Moreover, the median value according to levels of Th17/Treg ratios in patients with CTD-aPAH was chosen as basis of group division for survival analysis. CTD-aPAH patients revealed significant increase in peripheral Th17 cells, Th17-related cytokines, and RORγt mRNA levels. They also presented a significant decrease in Treg cells, Treg-related cytokines, and Foxp3 mRNA levels as compared with CTD patients and healthy controls. More importantly, the Th17/Treg ratio was significantly related to the severity and prognosis of CTD-aPAH. This study indicated that the Th17/Treg axis disorder plays a critical role in CTD-aPAH. Furthermore, the dynamic balance between Th17 and Treg cells was likely to influence prognosis of patients with CTD-aPAH.
Risk Stratification with Extreme Learning Machine: A Retrospective Study on Emergency Department Patients
Authors: Liu Nan , Cao Jiuwen , Koh Zhi Xiong , Pek Pin Pin , Ong Marcus Eng Hock
Published: August 2014

This paper presents a novel risk stratification method using
extreme learning machine (ELM). ELM was integrated into a scoring
system to identify the risk of cardiac arrest in emergency department
(ED) patients. The experiments were conducted on a cohort of 1025
critically ill patients presented to the ED of a tertiary hospital. ELM and
voting based ELM (V‐ELM) were evaluated. To enhance the prediction
performance, we proposed a selective V‐ELM (SV‐ELM) algorithm. The
results showed that ELM based scoring methods outperformed support
vector machine (SVM) based scoring method in the receiver operation
characteristic analysis.
Determination of Coined-Bead Geometry in the V-Bending Process
Authors: Phanitwong Wiriyakorn , Thipprakmas Sutasn
Published: August 2014

The coined-bead technique is commonly applied in the V-bending process to eliminate the spring-back feature and to achieve the required bending angle. In the present research, which is based on a stress distribution analysis, the effects of a coined-bead geometry in the V-bending process on the increased compressive stress in the bending allowance zone and on the increased reversed bending zone in the leg of the workpiece were observed and characterized. The research also illustrated the variations in spring-back and spring-go characteristics for different coined-bead widths and heights. As the bead width increased, the spring-go decreased, increased, and decreased again for different simulated bead heights and workpiece materials. The research was able to disprove previously suggested theories for coined-beaded V-bending, which suggested that a smaller bead width should be applied to cancel out the spring-back characteristic. In addition, the spring-back characteristic returned when an oversized bead width was applied. Therefore, to achieve the required bending angle, the size of the bead width was optimized both to provide a balance between a favorable stress distribution in the bending zone and reversed bending zone and to reduce the bending load.
Wood-Reinforced Polyphthalamide Resins: MultiFunctional Composite Coating for Metal Substrates
Authors: Barletta M. , Rubino G. , Tagliaferri V. , Trovalusci F. , Vesco S.
Published: August 2014

Protective layers were deposited on aluminum substrates by dipping them inside a fluidized bed (FB) of wood and polyphthalamide powders. The experimental investigation looked into the influence of the main process parameters (number and composition of superimposed layers, heating temperature, and dipping time) on the visual appearance, scratch adhesion, wear resistance, and thermal insulation of the resulting coatings. Micromechanical and tribological responses of the coatings were significantly improved by the effect of the wooden particles dispersed inside the polyphthalamide binder. An improvement of the thermal insulation was also achieved whatever the setting of the process parameters. Further, the coatings displayed good adhesion to the substrate and wear endurance.
Noise Reduction Analysis of Radar Rainfall Using Chaotic Dynamics and Filtering Techniques
Authors: Kim Soojun , Noh Huiseong , Kang Narae , Lee Keonhaeng , Kim Yonsoo , Lim Sanghun , Lee Dong Ryul , Kim Hung Soo
Published: August 2014

The aim of this study is to evaluate the filtering techniques which can remove the noise involved in the time series. For this, Logistic series which is chaotic series and radar rainfall series are used for the evaluation of low-pass filter (LF) and Kalman filter (KF). The noise is added to Logistic series by considering noise level and the noise added series is filtered by LF and KF for the noise reduction. The analysis for the evaluation of LF and KF techniques is performed by the correlation coefficient, standard error, the attractor, and the BDS statistic from chaos theory. The analysis result for Logistic series clearly showed that KF is better tool than LF for removing the noise. Also, we used the radar rainfall series for evaluating the noise reduction capabilities of LF and KF. In this case, it was difficult to distinguish which filtering technique is better way for noise reduction when the typical statistics such as correlation coefficient and standard error were used. However, when the attractor and the BDS statistic were used for evaluating LF and KF, we could clearly identify that KF is better than LF.
Effect of a Silver Nanoparticles Solution on Staphylococcus aureus and Candida spp.
Authors: Wady Amanda Fucci , Machado Ana Lucia , Foggi Camila Cristina , Zamperini Camila Andrade , Zucolotto Valtencir , Moffa Eduardo Buozi , Vergani Carlos Eduardo
Published: August 2014

An AgNPs solution was synthesized by chemical reduction, characterized, and tested against Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Minimum inhibitory (MICs) and minimum fungicidal/bactericidal concentrations (MFC/MBC) were determined on planktonic cells. Also, total biofilm mass was determined by crystal violet (CV) staining and morphological changes by scanning electron microscope (SEM). MICs for C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, S. aureus, and MRSA were 15.63, 3.91, 1.95, and 1.95 µg/mL, respectively. MFC for C. glabrata was 62.5 µg/mL and for C. tropicalis 15.63 µg/mL The same MBC (3.91 µg/mL) was observed for S. aureus and MRSA. CV assay showed that the AgNPs (1000 μg/mL) promoted reductions in biofilm mass of ~60% for C. glabrata and ~35% for C. tropicalis. A reduction of ~20% in C. tropicalis biomass was also observed at the concentration of 3.91 µg/mL. No significant effect on total biomass was found for S. aureus and MRSA. SEM images revealed that C. glabrata and C. tropicalis biofilm cells, exposed to the AgNPs (1000 μg/mL), had an irregular and shriveled appearance. AgNPs solution exhibited considerable antimicrobial activity against important fungal and bacterial pathogens, associated with several oral and systemic diseases, and has potential as an antimicrobial agent.
Maternalβ-Hemolytic Streptococcal Pharyngeal Exposure and Colonization in Pregnancy
Authors: Heidari-Bateni Giv , Brar Anoop K. , Hall Matthew , Hathcock Trupti , Epstein Deirdre , Goessling Lisa S. , Cunningham Madeleine W. , Eghtesady Pirooz
Published: August 2014

Objectives. To report the pharyngeal colonization rate ofβ-hemolytic streptococci and changes in the value of antistreptolysin O (ASO) and anti-DNase B serology titers during pregnancy.Methods. Healthy pregnant women were recruited and blood was drawn in each trimester. The upper limit of normal (ULN) values for ASO and anti-DNase B was calculated for each trimester. Throat swabs were collected for culture and positive cultures were further assessed for the identification of serogroup of the isolatedβ-hemolytic streptococcus.Results. Out of a total of 126 pregnant women, 34.1% had positive throat cultures. Group C and group G strains were isolated in 18.2% of throat cultures while group F was detected in 13.5% of cases. The rate of colonization with GAS was 1.6%. There was an overall drop in ASO titer during pregnancy while anti-DNase B titers remained relatively unchanged. ULN values of164IU, 157IU, and156IUwere calculated for ASO at the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively. Based on the ULN values, 28.6% of patients had recent streptococcal exposure.Conclusions. These results show that pregnant women act as a reservoir for spreading potentially immunogenic (groups C and G) and disease producing (group F) virulent strains of streptococci.
A Patient-Specific Airway Branching Model for Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Authors: Damanhuri Nor Salwa , Docherty Paul D. , Chiew Yeong Shiong , van Drunen Erwin J. , Desaive Thomas , Chase J. Geoffrey
Published: August 2014

Background. Respiratory mechanics models have the potential to guide mechanical ventilation. Airway branching models (ABMs) were developed from classical fluid mechanics models but do not provide accurate models ofin vivobehaviour. Hence, the ABM was improved to include patient-specific parameters and better model observed behaviour (ABMps).Methods. The airway pressure drop of the ABMps was compared with the well-accepted dynostatic algorithm (DSA) in patients diagnosed with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A scaling factor (α) was used to equate the area under the pressure curve (AUC) from the ABMps to the AUC of the DSA and was linked to patient state.Results. The ABMps recorded a medianαvalue of 0.58 (IQR: 0.54–0.63; range: 0.45–0.66) for these ARDS patients. Significantly lowerαvalues were found for individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (P<0.001).Conclusion. The ABMps model allows the estimation of airway pressure drop at each bronchial generation with patient-specific physiological measurements and can be generated from data measured at the bedside. The distribution of patient-specificαvalues indicates that the overall ABM can be readily improved to better match observed data and capture patient condition.
Coexistence of Upper Airway Obstruction and Primary and Secondary Enuresis Nocturna in Children and the Effect of Surgical Treatment for the Resolution of Enuresis Nocturna
Authors: Soylu Özler Gül , Özler Serkan
Published: August 2014

Objective.The aim of this study is to investigate the coexistence of upper airway obstruction (UAO) and primary enuresis nocturna (PEN) and secondary enuresis nocturna (SEN) in children. Besides, the efficacy of surgery on resolution of enuresis nocturna is evaluated.Materials and Methods.The children with PEN and SEN were included in the first group and investigated for UAO in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology. During the same period, children who had been planned for an operation to treat UAO over 5 years old were included in the second group and were evaluated in the Department of Urology for PEN and SEN before the operation.Results.A hundred patients completed the study (50 patients in Group 1, 50 patients in Group 2). According to the otolaryngologic examination, 20 of 25 PEN patients and 9 of 25 SEN patients also had UAO. The difference was statistically different (P<0.05). The second group consisted of fifty patients on the surgery list for upper airway obstructive pathologies. Coexistence of PEN and SEN is found in 12 and 3 of children, respectively. These ratios were statistically significant (P<0.05). The improvement rate of PEN and SEN after operation in the second group was 83.3% and 33.3%, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion.There is a strong relationship between PEN and UAO, but it cannot be declared for SEN patients. UAO should be kept in mind as a possible etiologic factor for PEN.
The Effect of Peritoneal Air Exposure on Intestinal Mucosal Barrier
Authors: Bao Jun , Tan Shanjun , Yu Wenkui , Lin Zhiliang , Dong Yi , Chen Qiyi , Shi Jialiang , Duan Kaipeng , Bai Xiaowu , Xu Lin , Li Jieshou , Li Ning
Published: August 2014

Background. Damage of the intestinal mucosa barrier may result in intestinal bacterial and endotoxin translocation, leading to local and systemic inflammation. The present study was designed to investigate whether peritoneal air exposure induces damage of intestinal mucosal barrier.Methods. Sprague-Dawley rats (weighing 210 to 230 g) were randomized into five groups (6/group): a control group, a sham group, and three exposure groups with peritoneal air exposure for 1, 2, and 3 h, respectively. At 24 h after surgery, blood and terminal ileum were sampled. The serum D-lactate levels were determined using an ELISA kit. The intestinal permeability was determined by measuring the intestinal clearance of FITC-dextran (FD4). The histopathological changes in terminal ileum were also assessed.Results. Compared with the controls, peritoneal air exposure caused an increase in both serum D-lactate level and intestinal FD4 clearance, which were proportional to the length of peritoneal air exposure and correlated to Chiu’s scores, indices for intestinal mucosal injury. Edema and inflammatory cells were also observed in mucosa and submucosa of ileum in three exposure groups.Conclusions. Peritoneal air exposure could induce damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier, which is proportional to the time length of peritoneal air exposure.
Performance Assessment of Low-Temperature Thermal Storage with Electromagnetic Control
Authors: Lee Ya-Wei
Published: August 2014

This study presents electromagnetic-controlled thermal storage (ECTS) that can be directly implemented in strategies of low-temperature waste heat recovery for energy-consuming equipment. A magnetic nanofluid (MNF) prepared from fine iron ferrite ferromagnetic particles is recommended as a latent heat medium (LHM). During electromagnetic induction, local flow fluctuations are generated and thermal convection in the MNF can be enhanced. The achieved results demonstrated that ECTS has a wide operational range and an optimum storage efficiency of 84.46%. Thus, a self-perturbation mode used to enhance thermal energy transportation can be designed for numerous waste heat management applications.