bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Rock-like Material for Deep Damaged Rock Mass Based on Orthogonal Experimental Method
Authors: Wang Hongwei , Xie Fuxiang , Song Jian , Bao Wenke , Yin Zhaoming
Published: July 2023

The study of mechanical properties of rock mass can be effectively carried out through rock-like material model test. The similarity of mechanical properties between rock-like material and protolith is dependent on the appropriate selection of composition and content of rock-like materials. In this research, X-Ray diffraction test was conducted to analyze the composition of deep rock, which confirmed silica, quartz, and dolomite as the primary components of deep sandstone. An orthogonal design test was used to execute the ratio test of rock-like material. River sand was used as an aggregate, cement as a binder, gypsum powder as a regulator, and polystyrene foam (EPS) as rock damage simulation material. The influencing factors considered in the orthogonal mechanical tests were the proportion of aggregate and binder, ratio of binder and regulator, quantity of damage simulation material, and size of damage simulation material. Three levels were set for each factor, and mechanical parameters such as compressive strength, tensile strength, elastic modulus, axial strain, and Poisson's ratio were tested for each group of samples. The changes of those parameters with the levels of the above four factors were studied. The study revealed that adjusting the size of polystyrene foam (EPS) can adjust the values of elastic modulus, tensile strength, and Poisson's ratio of rock-like material. Similarly, changing the ratio of binder and regulator can adjust the values of axial strain and compressive strength of rock-like material. The rock-like material developed in the study can simulate the mechanical properties of different rock masses such as granite, sandstone, shale, and limestone.
Petrosamine Revisited. Experimental and Computational Investigation of Solvatochromism, Tautomerism and Free Energy Landscapes of a Pyridoacridinium Quaternary Salt
Authors: Gartshore Christopher J. , Su Yongxuan , Molinski Tadeusz F. F.
Published: July 2023

Petrosamine (1) – a colored pyridoacridine alkaloid from the Belizean sponge, Petrosia sp. that is also a potent inhibitor of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) – was investigated by spectroscopic and computational methods. Analysis of the petrosamine free energy landscapes, pKa and tautomerism revealed an accurate electronic depiction of the molecular structure of 1 as the di-keto form, with net charge of q = +1, rather than a dication (q = +2) under ambient conditions of isolation-purification. The pronounced solvatochromism (UV-vis) reported for 1, and related analogs, was investigated in detail and is best explained by charge delocalization and stabilization of the ground state (HOMO) of 1 rather than an equilibrium of competing tautomers. Refinement of the molecular structure of 1 by QM methods complements published computational docking studies to define the contact points in the enzyme active site that may improve design of new AChE inhibitors based on the pyridoacridine alkaloid molecular skeleton.
Insulin Resistance in Patients with Acne Vulgaris– Original Paper and Systematic Review
Authors: Gruszczyńska Michalina , Sadowska-Przytocka Anna , Szybiak Weronika , Więckowska Barbara , Lacka Katarzyna
Published: July 2023

Acne vulgaris has multifactorial pathogenesis which may include insulin resistance. To investigate whether insulin resistance is a causative factor in acne vulgaris development, this study and a systematic review were conducted. 41 acne vulgaris patients and 47 healthy BMI-matched controls were involved. Glucose and insulin fasting serum levels were obtained, HOMA-IR was calculated, insulin resistance was diagnosed in cases with HOMA-IR value over 2.1. The mean±SD values for glucose fasting serum level were as follows: 94.88±7.731 [mg/dl] in study group and 79.51±7.175 [mg/dl] in controls (p<0.001). The mean±SD insulin fasting serum levels were 14.47±6.394 [µIU/mL and 11.83±4.309 [µIU/mL](p=0.059), respectively. The HOMA-IR mean±SD value calculated for the study group was 3.4±1.49 and in the control group 2.34±0.909 (p<0.001).Out of 41 patients 32 were diagnosed with insulin resistance (78%) and 26 of the 47 controls 26 were diagnosed with IR (55%) (p=0.026). Insulin resistance diagnosis was statistically more common among the acne patients compared to the controls. In the articles reviewed insulin resistance was found to be more frequent in acne vulgaris patients. Both our study and the papers analysed indicate that insulin resistance might be an independent factor in acne vulgaris development and should be considered when diagnosing and treating acne.
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Sediaan Lulur Ekstrak Etanol Kunyit Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus Aureus ATCC 25923
Authors: Aulia Ratna Dela Riza , Tri Utami Diyah
Published: July 2023

Staphylococcus aureus is a normal skin flora that can cause several skin diseases such as ulcers, acne, pneumonia, meningitis, and arthritis. Turmeric contains curcumin which has antibacterial activity. The addition of turmeric extract to the scrub formula can inhibit the activity of S. aureus. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of turmeric ethanol extract scrub preparations against S. aureus. The research was conducted experimentally in the laboratory. The extraction process is carried out by soxhletation. Antibacterial activity test was carried out using the scrub well method with various formulas of 1%; 3%; 5%, positive control, and negative control. The results showed that formula 3 with a concentration of 5% turmeric ethanol extract showed the highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus with an inhibition zone of 10.9 mm.
Using Augmented Reality Flashcards To Improve English Vocabulary Mastery For Children Aged 4-5 Years
Authors: Hafidah Ruli , Yusuf Munawir , Subagya Subagya
Published: July 2023

Mastery of English vocabulary is an important part of early childhood English learning in the industrial revolution 4.0 era. The use of digital learning media such as augmented reality flashcards is also needed as a way to teach English to early childhood who are now accustomed to the use of advances in digital technology. The purpose of this study was to improve the mastery of English vocabulary in children aged 4-5 years by using augmented reality flashcards. This research was conducted in August-September 2022. This research is a classroom- action research using Kurt Lewin's model which consists of 3 cycles. Each cycle consists of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. Data collection techniques use observation and documentation. Data analysis uses the Miles and Huberman model for qualitative data and simple statistics (percentages) for quantitative data. The subjects of this research are all children aged 4-5 years at Marsudisiwi Kindergarten, Laweyan Surakarta, totaling 20 children. The results show that there was an increase in children's English vocabulary mastery from cycle 1 by 35% and increased to 85% at the end of cycle 3 for the very well-developed category (BSB). The increase was also seen from the number of vocabulary that the children acquired, the correct pronunciation of the given vocabulary, and the ability to distinguish the meaning of one word from another.
Perlunya Regulasi Terhadap Peraturan Penggunaan Ganja di Indonesia Ditinjau dari Kepentingan Medis
Authors: Fauziyah Wiwin
Published: July 2023

Cannabis is included in class in narcotics which is regulated in the Law of he Republic Indonesia Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics. A number of countries have legalized cannabis as a medical treatment, but this is still being debated in Indonesian. This article discusses the need for regulation of the use of cannabis in Indonesian for medical purpose. This study uses library research with a normative approach. The government needs to rearrange regulations related to cannabis plants which are grouped in group I with medical conciderations.
Kedudukan Penanaman Modal Asing Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Nasional Berdasarkan Hukum Investasi
Authors: Maya Rosmayanti  , Rani Apriani
Published: July 2023

Dalam praktiknya, disebutkan bahwa tujuan investasi asing di Indonesia dapat memberikan pengaruh positif, guna memberdayakan peningkatan ekonomi masyarakat yang akan meningkatkan perputaran uang yang dapat dipertahankan, dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaturan Penanaman Modal Asing (PMA) di Indonesia berdasarkan Undang-Undang No. 25 Tahun 2007 tentang Penanaman Modal, dan hubungan antara PMA dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional. Teknik yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini dengan yuridis-normatif yang bergerak ke arah hukum dengan mendekati hukum. Hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa investor modal asing berperan dalam memperluas laju perkembangan moneter publik di Indonesia, namun hingga saat ini masih terdapat kesulitan dalam birokrasi pengelolaan perizinan akibat ketidakpastian regulasi penanaman modal asing dan juga kerentanan antara peraturan pemerintah pusat dan daerah. Konsekuensi dari pemberian jaminan hukum bagi investor asing di Indonesia diharapkan mampu memberikan komitmen atau keuntungan yang besar untuk meningkatkan perekonomian nasional dari perspektif regulasi hukum investasi.
Pengaruh Pemahaman Statistik Pendidikan Dan Metodologi Penelitian Pendidikan Terhadap Percepatan Penyelesaian Tugas Akhir Mahasiswa
Authors: Giantara Febri , Kusdani Kusdani , Helmi Taufik
Published: July 2023

Abstrak— Mata kuliah statistik pendidikan dan metodologi penelitian merupakan matakuliah yang wajib diambil oleh mahasiswa STAI Diniyah Pekanbaru sebagai salah satu syaratuntuk menyelesaikan tugas akhir atau Skripsi. Selama ini terlihat dari pengamatan awalbahwa mahasiswa yang menyelesaikan tugas akhir tepat waktu yaitu 48 bulan atau 4 tahunatau kurang dari 4 tahun adalah mahasiswa yang nilai statistik pendidikan dan metodologipenelitiannya tinggi. Penelitian dilakukan selama lebih kurang 2 tahun dengan mengambilsampel sebanyak 40 orang mahasiswa dan diperoleh hasil besarnya hubungan variabeldependen dengan independent adalah 25,7% dan besar pengaruh variabel dependent denganvariabel independent adalah 6,6%.
Pengaruh Tipe Kepribadian Dan Kecerdasan Emosional Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas X Smk Negeri Bandar Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019
Authors: Listyana Nadia , Hidayat Taufik , Apriyani Dwi Cahyani Nur
Published: July 2023

Abstrak—Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) Pengaruh tipe kepribadian (extrovertdan introvert) terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa; 2) Pengaruh kecerdasan emosionalterhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa; 3) Pada masing-masing tipe kepribadian (extrovertdan introvert), manakah kategori kecerdasan emosional yang memberikan hasil belajar lebihbaik, kecerdasan emosional tinggi, sedang atau rendah; 4) pada masing-masing kecerdasanemosional (tinggi, sedang dan rendah), manakah tipe kepribadian yang memberikan hasillebih baik, tipe kepribadian extrovert atau tipe kepribadian introvert. Penelitian ini merupakanpenelitian kausal komparatif (ex-post facto) menggunakan desain penelitian 2 x 3 faktorial.Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa SMK Negeri Bandar kelas X TKJ, TKR, APHP Adan APHP B berjumlah 86 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data diperoleh dari tes dan angket.Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah ANOVA dua jalan dengan sel tak sama danprasyarat analisis menggunakan uji normalitas dan homogenitas. Teknik analisismenggunakan bantuan Program SPSS versi 16.0. Hasil analisis data menyimpulkan bahwa: 1)Tipe kepribadian (extrovert dan introvert) berpengaruh sama terhadap hasil belajarmatematika siswa; 2) Kecerdasan emosional tinggi memberikan hasil belajar matematikayang sama dengan kecerdasan emosional sedang, sedangkan kecerdasan emosional sedanglebih baik daripada kecerdasan emosional rendah dan kecerdasan emosional rendah tidaklebih baik dibandingkan dengan kecerdasan emosional tinggi dan sedang; 3) Pada masingmasing tipe kepribadian (extrovert dan introvert), kecerdasan emosional (tinggi, sedang,rendah) memberikan hasil belajar matematika yang sama; 4) Pada kecerdasan emosional(tinggi, sedang, rendah), tipe kepribadian (extrovert dan introvert) memberikan hasil belajarmatematika yang sama.
Pembelajaran Daring Mata Kuliah Statistika Pendidikan Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Meifiani Nely Indra
Published: July 2023

Abstrak— Pemutusan mata rantai penyebaran COVID-19 di lingkungan Perguruan Tinggiadalah dengan melaksanakan perkuliahan secara daring. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmemperoleh informasi pelaksanaan pembelajaran Mata Kuliah Statistik Pendidikan yangdilaksanakan secara daring. Perkuliahan dilaksanakan dengan bantuan aplikasi WhatsApp danGoogle Classroom. Data dikumpulkan dengan memberikan tes pilihan ganda kepadamahasiswa, angket fasilitas belajar dan dilengkapi dengan wawancara kepada mahasiswa.Analisis data menggunakan model Miles & Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan:sebagian besar mahasiswa telah memiliki fasilitas dasar seperti SmartPhone & Laptop. Danberdasarkan hasil tes diperoleh rata-rata kelas sebesar 72,38.
Kecemasan Matematis: Karakteristik, Dampak, Dan Solusi Mengatasinya
Authors: Nurhidayat Anugrah , Djidu Hasan
Published: July 2023

Abstrak-Artikel ini merupakan review literatur yang membahas mengenai kecemasan matematika siswayang berfokus pada perasaan takut, was-was dan khawatir yang berlebih terhadap pembelajaranmatematika serta.kiat-kiat dalam mengatasinya. Artikel yang digunakan pada review literatur ini adalahartikel penelitian yang dipilih dari database beragam jurnal pada situs google scholar denganmenggunakan kata kunci kecemasan matematika”. Pencarian artikel jurnal ini dibatasi pada tahun 2011-2020 sehingga ditemukan sebanyak 30 jurnal yang sesuai dengan topik yang ingin diangkat. Adapunjurnal itu sendiri terdiri dari 22 jurmal berstandar internasional dan 8 jurnal berstandar nasional. Hasilanalisis artikel jurnal menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa hal yang menjadi sebab terganggunya fisikdan mental siswa dengan kecemasan matematika yang tinggi, serta teradapat beberapa kiat dalammengatasi kecemasan matematika tersebut diantara yaitu: 1) menyajikan pemahaman secara rasional, 2)menumbuhkan rasa percaya diri, 3) meminimalisir pemikiran buruk terhadap matematika, 4)menggunakan beberapa metode saat belajar matematika, 5) mengedepankan apspek konseptual, 6)menghadirkan perasaan senang saat belajar matematika, 7) menghadirkan matematika dalam kehidupansehari. 8) menumbuhkan rasa tanggung pada diri siswa. Selanjutnya, terdapat beberapa faktor yangmempengaruhi kecemasan matematika diantaranya ialah ketakutan berlebih terhadap matematika.Dengan adanya permasalahan itu, tentulah akan terjadi gangguan pada proses konsentrasi siswa dalampembelajaran yang kemudian berdampak pada hasil belajar matematika siswa yang rendah
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE RECIPROCAL TEACHING TERHADAP TINGKAT KECEMASAN, KEMANDIRIAN DAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA
Authors: Zulfa Siti , Ardianik Ardianik , Hatip Ahmad
Published: July 2023

Abstrak— Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan jenis penelitianekperimen. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI SMA Islam ParlaunganSidoarjo. Instrument penelitian ini meliputi, angket dan tes. Uji yang dilakukan merupakan ujiindependen sampel t test, uji regresi linier sederhana dan uji regresi linier berganda. Hasilpenelitian diperoleh a) Tidak ada perbedaan rata – rata tingkat kecemasan yang diberikanModel pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Reciprocal Teaching dengan yang diberikan modelpembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD. b) Ada perbedaan rata – rata kemandirian belajar yangdiberikan Model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Reciprocal Teaching dengan yang diberikanmodel pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD. c) Ada perbedaan rata – rata Hasil Posttest yangdiberikan Model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Reciprocal Teaching dengan yang diberikanmodel pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD. d) Tidak ada pengaruh yang signifikan antaratingkat kecemasan terhadap hasil belajar. e) Ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara kemandirianbelajar terhadap hasil belajar. f) Tidak ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara tingkat kecemasanterhadap hasil belajar.
Perbedaan Antara Model Problem Based Learning (Pbl) Dengan Model Kooperatif Tipe (Stad) Student Team Achievement Division Terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Dengan Langkah Polya
Authors: Fitania Fitania , Widayat Edy , Sumartono Sumartono
Published: July 2023

Abstrak— Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya perbedaankemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika dengan langkah Polya antara siswa yangmendapat model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) dengan siswa yangmendapat model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Student Team Achievement Division(STAD). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif, dengan jenis penelitian quasieksperimen. Populasinya adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP Miftahul Ulum Surabayayang terdiri dari dua kelas yang berjumlah 43 siswa dan pengambilan sampelmenggunakan purposive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengetahuikemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa adalah dengan menggunakan tesesai yaitu soal cerita yang ada dalam kehidupan nyata siswa. Teknik analisis data yangdigunakan pada penelitian antara lain: (i) Menghitung nilai rata-rata, (ii) Uji normalitasdata, (iii) Uji homogenitas data, (iv) Uji hipotesis yaitu uji t. Dari hasil penelitian inidapat disimpulkan bahwa ada perbedaan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematikadengan langkah Polya antara siswa yang mendapat model pembelajaran ProblemBased Learning (PBL) dengan siswa yang mendapat model pembelajaran kooperatiftipe Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) pada siswa SMP Miftahul UlumSurabaya
Proteção aos animais: proposta didática sobre a lei municipal nº 3309/2014 de Araranguá - SC em aulas de ciências baseadas em projetos
Authors: Salbego Nayara , Machado Pereira Deisi
Published: July 2023

Esse artigo apresenta proposta didática na área de Ciências, a qual possibilita que os alunos se tornem protagonistas na construção de seus aprendizados e de uma sociedade potencialmente sustentável e empática com todos os seres vivos. Baseada na abordagem em projetos e tendo como elemento central a Lei Municipal Nº 3309/2014, da cidade de Araranguá-SC, a qual aponta direcionamentos acerca de maus tratos com animais, apresentam-se atividades que podem ser utilizadas como princípio para aulas, projetos e abordagens pedagógicas que incentivem a proteção aos animais. Da mesma forma, pretende-se motivar a prática em sala de aula de reflexão sobre proteção aos animais e conhecimento da legislação local.
Estruturas Matemáticas: considerações da Exposés de Melun, 1952
Authors: Domingues Jonathan Machado
Published: July 2023

O presente artigo teve o objetivo de compreender as concepções de estruturas matemáticas que se encontravam em circulação e/ou apresentação na Exposés de Melun (1952). Sinaliza-se que esta atividade formativa realizada em terras francesas tinha como instituição organizadora a Commission International pour l'étude et l'amélioration de l'enseignement des mathématiques. Para desenvolver a respectiva investigação, teve-se como fonte privilegiada o livro que contém notas das apresentações de Dieudonné, Choquet, Lichnerowicz, Gattegno, Gonseth, e Piaget, com autoria de Lucienne Félix, publicado em 1986, denominado: Aperçu Historique (1950-1984). O artigo configura-se em uma pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico. Em linhas de síntese, a compreensão de estruturas matemáticas encontrava-se em diálogo com os aspectos da lógica usual, conforme pontuou o matemático Dieudonné, em sua explanação em Melun.
Apresentação
Authors: Ribeiro Rabello Bruno
Published: July 2023

É com grande satisfação que apresentamos a 6ª Edição da Revista CONTRAPONTO: Discussões Científicas e Pedagógicas em Ciências, Matemática e Educação, uma revista científica dedicada à divulgação de pesquisas e práticas inovadoras na área da Educação e das Ciências. Nesta edição, apresentamos uma seleção de artigos científicos e relatos de experiência que refletem as experiências e investigações vivenciadas por educadores e pesquisadores. Nosso objetivo é fornecer um espaço para o compartilhamento de ideias e promover discussões relevantes para os processos de ensino e de aprendizagem.
Estamos comprometidos em trazer perspectivas que impulsionem o progresso educacional. Convidamos os pesquisadores, educadores e profissionais da área a contribuírem com seus estudos e experiências, enriquecendo nosso diálogo científico para transformar positivamente o ensino no nosso país. Agradecemos antecipadamente aos leitores e colaboradores por seu apoio contínuo, o que torna possível a existência desta revista. Na presente edição, trouxemos cinco artigos científicos e quatro relatos de experiência.
Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation combined with activity-based therapy leads to sensorimotor improvements in chronic, thoracic spinal cord injuries – a pilot study
Authors: Suggitt Jenny , Symonds Jane , D'Amico Jessica
Published: July 2023

Conclusion: Sub-threshold thoracolumbar tSCS facilitates recovery of trunk sensorimotor function in individuals with chronic SCI. Improvements required at least 60 tSCS-ABT sessions, with further exposure to tSCS facilitating continued improvements in function. These findings demonstrate that prolonged training with tSCS-ABT is an effective neuromodulation intervention for individuals with SCI.
Study Design: Clinical trial
Objective: Evaluate the efficacy of prolonged treatment with transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI).
Setting: Community-based neurorehabilitation centers in United Kingdom.
Methods: Five participants with chronic, thoracic SCI completed 120 activity-based therapy sessions combined with sub-threshold tSCS delivered over the thoracolumbar spine (tSCS-ABT). Sensorimotor changes were assessed using NeuroRecovery Scale (NRS) at baseline and every 20 sessions, and International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) at baseline, 40 and 120 sessions.
Results: NRS-Total and NRS-Trunk scores significantly improved following 120 sessions of tSCS-ABT (∆1.1 (95% CI 0.2–1.9) and ∆2.3 (95% CI 1.2–3.3], respectively), with these improvements dependent upon training dosage (F1.460, 5.840 =7.573, p=0.028, η2=0.65, F2.045, 8.180 =10.571, p=0.005, η2=0.73, respectively). Consistent with these findings, improved ISNCSCI sensation to pinprick (Δ2.8 (1.9), (95% CI 0.4–5.2), p<0.05) and light touch (Δ1.8 (0.8), (95% CI 0.8–2.8), p<0.01) were observed only after 120 tSCS-ABT sessions. Three individuals demonstrated improved ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS) classifications (A to C; B to C; C to D), with three individuals also demonstrating changes in level of injury (T6 to T11; T10 to T11; T10 to T11).
Securing Quantum Communication: An IBM Quantum Lab Simulation Study of the Enhanced BB84 Protocol with Error Correction and Privacy Amplification.
Authors: Biswas Sujit , Goswami Rajat Subhra
Published: July 2023

Quantum cryptography is a technique used in the area of cryptography that relies on quantum mechanics to securely transfer a key between two parties. The BB84 protocol is a well-known quantum cryptography method that produces a shared key between Alice and Bob by using the polarisation states of photons. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis and implementation of the BB84 protocol with polarization states, using the IBM Quantum Lab Simulator. We demonstrated key generation, error correction, and privacy amplification steps, along with a theoretical analysis of security against eavesdropping attacks of the proposed protocol. Furthermore, the practical limitations and considerations for implementing the protocol are discussed, such as the effects of noise and decoherence in realistic quantum systems. Our findings suggest that the Enhanced BB84 Protocol with Error Correction and Privacy Amplification is a promising approach for secure key distribution in quantum communication and could serve as a foundation for future developments in quantum cryptography.
Evolutionary history of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and genomic signatures of obligate symbiosis
Authors: Rosling Anna , Sahraei Shadi Eshghi , Khan Faheema Kalsoom , Desirò Alessandro , Bryson Abigail , Mondo Stephen , Grigoriev Igor , Bonito Gregory , Sánchez-García Marisol
Published: July 2023

Background
The colonization of land and the diversification of terrestrial plants is intimately linked to the evolutionary history of their symbiotic fungal partners. Extant representatives of these fungal lineages include mutualistic plant symbionts, the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and related ectomycorrhizal fungi in Endogonales, as well as fungi with saprotrophic, pathogenic and endophytic lifestyles. These fungal groups separate into three monophyletic lineages but their evolutionary relationships remain enigmatic confounding ancestral reconstructions. Their taxonomic ranks are currently fluid.
Results
In this study, we recognize these three monophyletic linages as phyla, and use a balanced taxon sampling and broad taxonomic representation for phylogenomic analysis that rejects a hard polytomy and resolves Glomeromycota as sister to Mucoromycota and Mortierellomycota. Low copy numbers of genes associated with plant cell wall degradation could not be assigned to the transition to a plant symbiotic lifestyle but appears to be an ancestral phylogenetic signal. Glomeromycota have distinct gene content and the lack of fatty acid synthesis genes is specific to this lineage. Further, gene content analysis demonstrates that many genes previously thought to be missing specifically in Glomeromycota are either missing in all analyzed phyla, or in some cases, are actually present in some of the AM fungal lineages analyzed here, e.g. the phosphorus transporter Pho89.
Conclusion
Based on a broad taxon sampling of fungal genomes we present a well-supported phylogeny for AM fungi and their sister lineages. We show that both cases of evolutionary transitions to mutualistic plant symbiosis happened in a genomic background profoundly different from that known from the emergence of ectomycorrhizal fungi in Dikarya. These results call for further reevaluation of genomic signatures associated with plant symbiosis.
Exceptional Classifications of Non-Hermitian Systems
Authors: Park Hee Chul , Ryu Jung-Wan , Han Jae-Ho , Yi Chang-Hwan , Park Moon Jip
Published: July 2023

Eigenstate coalescence in non-Hermitian systems is widely observed in diverse scientific domains encompassing optics and open quantum systems. Recent investigations have revealed that adiabatic encircling of exceptional points (EPs) leads to a nontrivial Berry phase in addition to an exchange of eigenstates. Based on these phenomena, we propose in this work an exhaustive classification framework for EPs in non-Hermitian physical systems. In contrast to previous classifications that only incorporate the eigenstate exchange effect, our proposed classification gives rise to finer Z2 classifications depending on the presence of a π Berry phase after the encircling of the EPs. Moreover, by mapping arbitrary one-dimensional systems to the adiabatic encircling of EPs, we can classify one-dimensional non-Hermitian systems characterized by topological phase transitions involving EPs. Applying our exceptional classification to various one-dimensional models, such as the non-reciprocal Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) model, we exhibit the potential for enhancing the understanding of topological phases in non-Hermitian systems. Additionally, we address exceptional bulk-boundary correspondence and the emergence of distinct topological boundary modes in non-Hermitian systems.
Design and FEA of die sets for backpressure extrusion processes: A case study for twist extrusion
Authors: Tarasov Oleksandr , Pavlenko Dmytro , Kotsyuba Viktor , Vasylieva Liudmyla , Tkach Daria
Published: July 2023

The research focused on the development of a new die set for the implementation of pressure-assisted stamping technologies using the twist extrusion (TE) process as an example. The TE process belongs to the group of severe plastic deformation methods (SPD) and is a typical representative of this group of technologies. The main challenge in creating such die sets is the complex kinematics of the tool movement, a large stroke of the deforming tool, and increased height of the stamping block construction, which results in significant deformation of the structure. Similar problems arise in the implementation of hydroforming, stamping of elongated blanks, and pressing of parts from powder materials such as high bushings. The analysis of constructive and technological solutions implemented in existing die sets for SPD with TE has been carried out. The practical experience of operating die sets and equipment for obtaining billets of alloys of various classes in pilot and serial production is analyzed. As a result, requirements were developed for implementing the force, kinematic, and thermal. Analysis of the cycle of movement of the working tool during the operation of the die set showing that expanding the technological capabilities of universal hydraulic presses is necessary to implement this group of processes. It is proposed to use temporary mechanical fixation of the device parts relative to the moving elements of the hydraulic cylinders and the press frame. It allows expanding the technological capabilities of universal hydropress when implementing TE. The load transfer scheme to the base of the stamping die has been modified, improving the design's manufacturability and reducing deformation during maintenance operations. The advantages and disadvantages of the proposed solutions have been identified based on practical industrial experience with the proposed stamping die design. To further improve the stamping block, finite element analysis was performed to examine the loading of its structural elements during operation. Based on the modeling, structural solutions were proposed for attaching the working tool and guiding nodes of the design, which reduce the influence of elastic deformation on the die's performance. The ways of further developing the design of dies of a similar class to improve their technical characteristics are proposed.
Investigation of Thrombogenic Risk Factors in Young Adult Male Sportsmen Members of a Rowing Club in Bydgoszcz.
Authors: Wysocki Kamil , Koszarska Magdalena , Bartel Iga , Matin Maima , Tomasik Cyprian , Ksepka Natalia , Słomko Witold , Wiciński Michał
Published: July 2023

Background
Athletes represent one of the population groups at risk of thrombosis. Microtraumas and dehydration resulting from intense physical activity represent some of the important causes of thrombosis among athletes. Both blood clotting parameters (PT, INR, APTT, Fb, TT) and tissue damage parameters (H-FABP, L-FABP) are used to monitor thrombosis risks.
Aim
The aim of the study was to check the impact of sportsmen's physical activity on blood coagulation processes and myocardial microinjuries in young adult male sportsmen members (18–25 years old) of a rowing club in Bydgoszcz.
Results
Comparing the results of athletes before and after 6 months of training season, a statistically significant increase in the following parameters: PT (12.03 ± 0.76 vs. 13.51 ± 0.72 s; p < 0.01), INR (1.03 ± 0.07 vs. 1.14 ± 0.06; p < 0.01), APPT (28.73 ± 3.27 vs. 33.31 ± 5.63 s; p < 0.01) and TT (20.62 ± 0.97 vs. 22.49 ± 1.41 s; p < 0.01) was observed. Analyzing the results between the control group (non-sportsmen) and the study group before training, the following changes were observed: APTT (35.26 ± 6.74 vs. 28.73 ± 3.27 s; p < 0.01), HGMCR (750.17 ± 59.23 vs. 569.38 ± 51.24 ng/L; p < 0.01) and L-FABP (329.16 ± 92.04 vs. 151.80 ± 70.10 ng/L; p = 0.02) and an increase in H-FABP level (2.75 ± 1.32 vs. 4.14 ± 1.30 ng/mL; p < 0.01). Comparing the values between the control group and the study group, but after training, an increase in the value for PT (12.88 ± 1.41 vs. 13.51 ± 0.72 s; p = 0.02), INR (1.09 ± 0.13 vs. 1.14 ± 0.06; p = 0.02), TT (20.64 ± 1.43 vs. 22.49 ± 1.41 s; p < 0.01) and H-FABP (2.75 ± 1.32 vs. 3.94 ± 1.47 ng/L; p < 0.01) and decrease in HGMCR activity (750.17 ± 59.23 vs. 581.47 ± 51.25 ng/L; p < 0.01) were observed. There was also a strong positive correlation between HGMCR and H-FABP (r = 0.77) and a strong negative correlation between TT and Fb (r = -0.808) and between TT and APTT (r = -0.424).
Conclusions
Summarizing our study, we confirm that the physical activity in sportsmen, especially overtraining, may have an impact on blood coagulation processes and may also lead to the microdamage of the heart muscle.
Assessing Acute Thermal Assays as a Rapid Screening Tool for Coral Restoration
Authors: Klepac Courtney N , Petrik Chelsea , Karabelas Eleftherios , Owens Jaselyn , Hall Emily R , Muller Erinn M
Published: July 2023

Escalating environmental threats to coral reefs coincides with global advancements in coral restoration programs. To improve long-term efficacy, practitioners must consider incorporating genotypes resilient to ocean warming and disease while maintaining genetic diversity. Identifying such genotypes typically occurs under long-term exposures that mimic natural stressors, but these experiments can be time-consuming, costly, and introduce tank effects, hindering scalability for hundreds of nursery genotypes used for outplanting. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of the acute Coral Bleaching Automated Stress System (CBASS) against long-term exposures on the bleaching response of Acropora cervicornis, the dominant restoration species in Florida’s Coral Reef. Comparing bleaching metrics, Fv/Fm, chlorophyll, and host protein, we observed similar responses between the long-term heat and the CBASS treatment of 34.3°C, which was also the calculated bleaching threshold. This suggests the potential of CBASS as a rapid screening tool, with 90% of restoration genotypes exhibiting similar bleaching tolerances. However, variations in acute bleaching phenotypes arose from measurement timing and experiment heat accumulation, cautioning against generalizations solely based on metrics like Fv/Fm. These findings hold promise for improving the efficacy of screening coral restoration genotypes and determining their relative tolerance for restoration interventions.
Study of electrode feeding method for EDM hollowing
Authors: Feng ZiLong , Liu Zhidong , Wu XiaoChuan , Yue XiuLei , Qiu Mingbo
Published: July 2023

In order to minimize the subsequent cutting of aerospace structural parts of difficult-to-machine materials such as high-temperature alloys and to shorten the machining cycle, this paper proposes a machining method that uses electrical discharge machining (EDM) for initial hollowing. The method adopts a U-shaped fine copper tube electrode, with an open row of holes on this electrode in the processing area and uses deionized water as a working medium to take advantage of the jet effect. The copper tube electrode in the processing area takes part in reciprocating movement to complete the EDM hollowing processing. Three types of feeds — linear feed, S-shaped feed, and lateral reciprocating feed — were designed for the copper tube electrodes. The material removal rate and relative electrode loss rate of the three feeds are compared and the etching mechanism is analyzed. It is found that the transverse reciprocating feed has the highest material removal rate, 29.99 mm3/min, which is 255% and 135% greater than those of the linear feed and S-shaped feed, respectively. The relative electrode loss rate of the transverse reciprocating feed is the lowest, at 3%, less by 60% and 46%, respectively, than for the linear feed and the S-shaped feed. The interpolar medium flow field formed by the lateral reciprocating feed is found to be more conducive to chip discharge. At the same time, the lateral reciprocating feed creates a mixed gas-liquid medium environment between the poles, which increases the breakdown voltage and increases the discharge gap. These result are favorable to the discharge of etched products, thus improving the material removal rate and the processing stability.
The crucial prognostic signaling pathways of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were identified by single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing data
Authors: wenwen Wang , Chen Guo , Zhang Wenli , Zhang Xihua , Huang Manli , Li Chen , Wang Ling , Lu Zifan , Xia Jielai
Published: July 2023

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a malignant tumor with poor prognosis and high mortality. Although a large number of studies have explored its potential prognostic markers using traditional RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) data, they have not achieved good prediction effect. In order to explore the possible prognostic signaling pathways leading to the difference in prognosis, we identified differentially expressed genes from one scRNA-seq cohort and four GEO cohorts, respectively. Then Cox and Lasso regression analysis showed that 12 genes were independent prognostic factors for PDAC. AUC and calibration curve analysis showed that the prognostic model had good discrimination and calibration. Compared with the low-risk group, the high-risk group had a higher proportion of gene mutations than the low-risk group. Immune infiltration analysis revealed differences in macrophages and monocytes between the two groups. Prognosis related genes were mainly distributed in fibroblasts, macrophages and type 2 ducts. The results of cell communication analysis showed that there was a strong communication between cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) and type 2 ductal cells, and collagen formation was the main interaction pathway.
Influence of Academic Stress on College Students' Learning Motivation: Mediating Role of Environment Satisfaction and Moderating Role of Learning Adaptability
Authors: Liu Chen , Tang Jiayi , Jiang Zhou , Zhan Xingya , Shen Junjie , Wang Mengying , Shen Chao , Liu Xin
Published: July 2023

Background
With the university students' increasing academic stress, how to transform the academic stress into the learning motivation has gained more and more attention. The relationships between academic stress, learning motivation, academic environment satisfaction, and learning adaptability were examined in a group of undergraduate students in Jiangsu Province, China.
Methods
The survey was completed by 1666 students, with 1607 students whose questionnaire was complete and valid.
Results
College students' learning motivation was positively correlated with their academic stress (r = 0.218, P < 0.01), academic environment satisfaction (r = 0.028, P < 0.01), and learning adaptability (r = 0.108, P < 0.01).
Conclusions
Academic environment satisfaction mediated the relationship between academic stress and learning motivation. Learning adaptability moderated the first half of the path of "academic stress → academic environment satisfaction → learning motivation". In particular, academic stress was a stronger predictor of academic environment satisfaction in the low level of learning adaptability. Thus, in order to enhance learning motivation, we can achieve students' satisfaction by changing the academic environment. In addition, adjusting learning adaptability is also an important way to improve learning motivation through academic environment satisfaction.
Deficiency of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Due to Novel IL1RN Pathogenic Variants: A 40 Year-Long Journey Until Its Diagnosis
Authors: Urbaneja Elena , Bonet Nuria , Solis-Moruno Manuel , Mensa-Vilaro Anna , de Landazuri Iñaki Ortiz , Tormo Marc , Lara Rocio , Plaza Susana , Fabregat Virginia , Yagüe Jordi , Casals Ferran , Arostegui Juan I.
Published: July 2023

Undiagnosed monogenic diseases represent a challenging group of human conditions highly suspicious to have a genetic origin, but with not conclusive evidences about it. We identified two brothers born prematurely from a non-consanguineous healthy couple, with a neonatal-onset, chronic disease characterized by severe skin and bone inflammatory manifestations, and a fatal outcome in infancy. We conducted DNA and mRNA analyses in patients’ healthy relatives to identify the genetic basis of the patients’ disease and to characterize the detected gene variants. DNA analyses were performed by both Sanger and whole genome sequencing, and detected two novel heterozygous IL1RN variants: the intronic c.318 + 2T > G variant in the patients’ father, and a ≈2600bp intragenic deletion in the patients’ mother. IL1RN mRNA production was markedly decreased in both progenitors when compared with healthy subjects. mRNA sequencing identified two novel, truncated IL1RN mRNA transcripts. Additional experiments displayed a perfect intrafamilial phenotype-genotype segregation following an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. The experimental evidences here shown supported for the presence of two novel loss-of-function (LoF) IL1RN variants in the analyzed family. Biallelic LoF variants at IL1RN gene cause the deficiency of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (DIRA), a ultra-rare autoinflammatory disease with enormous clinical and analytical similarities with the patients here described. All these evidences strongly suggest that patients suffered from a lethal form of DIRA due to a compound heterozygous IL1RN genotype. However, the main limitation of this study is the non-availability of the patients’ samples, which prevented us from establishing unequivocally their definitive diagnosis.
Coexistence of allergic diseases in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus patients: prevalence, clinical manifestation, severity and its association with disease activity
Authors: Suebsarakam Porntipa , kaweeyanont Kitiporn , Srisutthika Sureeporn , Mairiang Dara
Published: July 2023

Background
The prevalence of both allergic and autoimmune diseases is increasing, suggesting a potential association between these two disorders. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypical systemic autoimmune disease associated with multisystem organ involvement. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, clinical manifestations and severity of allergic diseases in pediatric SLE patients and describe the association between severity of allergic diseases and SLE disease activity.
Methods
Pediatric SLE patients aged ≤ 18 years attending Khon Kaen University hospital, Thailand were enrolled during 2020–2022. Allergic diseases were screened using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. SLE patients with a positive allergic disease screen were evaluated by a pediatric allergist for diagnostic confirmation using clinical criteria/testing. Correlation between SLE disease activity and the severity of allergic diseases was investigated using Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient.
Results
Out of 118 patients (median age 13.83 [11.71–15.90], 91.52% female),16 patients (13.56%) were confirmed to have one or more allergic diseases; fourteen with allergic rhinitis, four with asthma, and two with atopic dermatitis. Our study newly confirmed four patients with allergic rhinitis, one patient with atopic dermatitis and one patient with asthma. Two patients had severe-persistent allergic rhinitis and one newly diagnosed patient had uncontrolled severe asthma. No statistically significant correlations between the severity of allergic diseases and SLE disease activity were identified
Conclusions
The overall prevalence of allergic disease among pediatric SLE patients is 13.56% and is not less frequent than in the general population. Severe allergic diseases and SLE can coexist and allergies may be undiagnosed. Therefore, pediatric SLE patients should be assessed for coexisting allergic diseases. No correlations between the severity of allergic diseases and SLE disease activity were found.
Deep Convolutional Neural Network System Based Classification of Digital Mammograms
Authors: P.Indra  , R.Yoganapriya Miss
Published: July 2023

Breast cancer is very common and considered as the second dangerous disease all over the world due to its mortality rate. So, if the detection is early enough, it can reduce the death rate. Image processing techniques are applied to accurately segment the Region of Interest (ROI) prior to abnormality detection in digital mammograms. The digital mammograms can majorly classify into two types, normal and abnormal. Abnormal cases are taken for further process. In this paper, some of the Non-linear techniques are applied to the mammogram images for the removal of noise at pre-processing. Noise removal is done by using lee filter, frost filter, median filter and improved statistical based bilateral filter. The best filter is selected by measures of MSE, PSNR and SSIM. Watershed, K-means clustering algorithms has been applied to the filtered image to get the accurate result prior to segmentation. For feature extraction, features from mammogram are calculated by using GLCM and Tetrolet Transform. Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) is used for classification of the images. Mammogram from MIAS and DDSM database is taken for simulation.
Genome-Wide identification of WRKY Transcription Factors in Pea (Pisum sativum L.) and their Response to multiple Abiotic Stresses
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Alok Anshu , Kaur Karambir , Gawlowska Magdalena , Tiwari Siddharth , Swiecicki Wojciech K. , Awasthi Praveen
Published: July 2023

The WRKY gene family is widely distributed in plants and plays essential roles in plant development and stress response. Despite extensive characterization of WRKY transcription factors in many plants, a genome-wide analysis of the WRKY gene family in Pisum sativum is still lacking. The central method of this study focused on the retrieval and characterization of WRKY gene sequences in the pea genome and further looking up for their modulation in response to sulphur and water stress. This involved a combination of bioinformatics tools and gene expression study to identify, characterize, and understand the properties of the WRKY gene family in pea. In this study, 86 PsWRKY genes were identified in the pea genome, categorized into five phylogenetic groups. They were dispersed across all seven chromosomes, with Chromosome 5 showing the highest enrichment. Synteny analysis revealed orthologs of 69 PsWRKY genes in Arabidopsis and Medicago. Transcriptome analysis identified 36 differentially expressed PsWRKY genes in response to sulfur (S) stress, water (W) stress, and their combination (W + S). Real time PCR validation confirmed significant upregulation of PsWRKY23, PsWRKY58, PsWRKY64, and PsWRKY83 under water stress, PsWRKY58 and PsWRKY84 under sulfur stress, and PsWRKY03 under combined (W + S) stress. Overall, this study provides important insights on genetic information of the WRKY gene family in Pea and its possible role in water and Sulphur stress, which will help further to study these candidate WRKY gene with a future objective of understanding their role in abiotic stress.
Numerical solution of linear stochastic Itô-Volterra integral equation using stochastic Bernstein polynomial operational matrices
Authors: Sharafi Fatemeh , Basirat Behrooz , shahriari Mohammad reza Balooch
Published: July 2023

This article has tried to evaluate a computational and practical numerical approach that is on the basis of Bernstein Polynomials for solving linear stochastic Itô-Volterra integral equations. We solve the linear stochastic problem by using the stochastic operational matrix of Bernstein polynomials. First, Bernstein polynomials and their properties are used for deriving a general process in order to make the Bernstein polynomials stochastic operational matrix. Second, using the stochastic operational matrix, the stochastic Itô-Volterra integral equations are solved. Third, the present paper investigates the error analysis of the convergence of the suggested approach. Finally, the accuracy and efficiency of the suggested approach using a numerical example is investigated.