bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALYTICAL AND STATISTICAL ASSESSMENTS OF THE METHODOLOGY FOR EVALUATING THE QUALITY OF LAMINATED MAGNETIC CORES
Authors: Chumack Vadim , Bazenov Volodymyr , Dukhno Roman , Ihnatiuk Yevhen , Vishnevsky Olexandr
Published: December 2024

The paper solves the relevant issue of improving the reliability of electromechanical converters with a steel laminated magnetic core by implementing effective measures to diagnose the quality of the laminated core. A method for assessing the quality of laminated magnetic cores with insulated sheets is proposed. The method is based on the analysis of the response of electromagnetic interconnected circuits to test transient processes in order to assess the development of defects in the inter-sheet insulation and the concentration of parasitic eddy currents associated with specific losses in the magnetic core which is the normative method of magnetic core evaluation that is closest to the operation of an electric machine under real conditions. Taking into account the complexity and labour intensity of regulated methods of core quality control, a reasonable assessment of the relationship between the eddy current time constant and the specific losses in the magnetic circuit will significantly simplify the test methodology, the implementation of which does not require complex and expensive equipment and high qualification of the service personnel. In addition to the physical connection, the paper shows the statistical relationship between the eddy current time constant and the specific losses in a number of real magnetic circuits and performs statistical processing of the experimental data. A linear regression dependence is obtained and the correlation coefficient is estimated, which confirms a significant relationship between the above components on the example of magnetic cores of different geometries. Confidence intervals for defect-free and defective magnetic cores are estimated, taking into account the geometric dimensions, power, and number of poles of the studied electric motors.
USE OF THE THEORY OF FINITE AUTOMATA FOR SUPERVISION OF THE OPERATION OF THE COMPRESSOR UNIT
Authors: Voloshko Anatolii , Bederak Yaroslav
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the publication is to develop a methodology for presenting switchgear cabinets with a voltage of 6 (10) kV in the form of a state machine. The complete distribution device is one of the most responsible electrical devices of medium voltage. Their reliable operation ensures uninterrupted power supply to industry, administrative and household premises, and agriculture. It has been proven that the principle of operation of switchgear cabinets is similar to a deterministic finite state machine. The theory of finite automata and graphs is applied for the analysis of the operation of the cabinet of a complete switchgear. It is shown that the theory of finite state machines allows combining all possible modes of operation of switchgear cabinets. Representation of the switchgear cabinet model in the form of a deterministic finite state machine allows designing a cabinet with the necessary features. A 6 (10) kV switch cabinet state transition diagram has been developed. Such a diagram can be useful for understanding the operation of the cabinet of a complete switchgear, improving the qualifications of electrical personnel.
A complete description of the operation of the cabinet using morphological phrases is given on the example of the K-XII type switchgear cabinet with the VMP-10K circuit breaker (SD-300 kW connection). It was concluded that any switching device with a voltage up to and above 1000 V can be represented as a finite state machine. In addition to the diagram of state transitions, the operation of switching devices should be explained using morphological phrases (IF, AND, OR, THEN, NOT POSSIBLE).
HEAT EXCHANGE IN THE HEATING ZONE OF ALUMINUM GROOVED HEAT PIPES
Authors: Kozak Dmytro , Shevel Ievgen , Rassamakin Boris , Khairnasov Sergii
Published: December 2024

At the present time, autonomous closed two-phase heat transfer systems - heat pipes (TT) are increasingly used in the systems for ensuring the thermal regimes of some space and ground vehicles. When developing and using such devices, it is necessary to solve the issue of optimizing the characteristics of these systems, which is most realistic to do on the basis of experiments conducted in working conditions. One of the important characteristics is the intensity of heat exchange in the heating zone of the heat pipe during its operation. The article presents the results of experimental studies of heat transfer in the heating zone for different working fluids on the internal developed surface in the form of an Ω-shaped capillary structure of an aluminum heat pipe operating in thermosiphon mode, i.e. the pipe was located vertically, the heating zone was located below. The experiments were carried out on experimental samples of aluminum heat pipes in the range of supplied heat fluxes from 0.1·104 W/m2 to 1.4·104 W/m2 and temperatures of the saturated steam of the working fluid from +30°C to +90°C. The research results are compared with the literature data on the heat exchange of these investigated working fluids on smooth surfaces in conditions of a large volume, and the criterion dependence of the calculation of the intensity of heat exchange for these conditions is obtained.
Os dias de quem sofre são como as sombras que passam
Authors: Dantas José Ancelmo Santos
Published: December 2024

Sl 102 possui uma moldura de súplica individual e participa da família dos Salmos penitenciais. Composto por 29 versículos e divididos em 04 estrofes expressam a prece de um “oprimido” (v. 1a) que canta ou reza ao Senhor, Deus de Israel seu lamento. Sintaticamente, frases nominais se alinham o tempo todo ao lado de orações verbais, concedendo ao poema lírico liberdade e soltura, frente ao leitor curioso e possuidor. Sete imagens constituem o conteúdo da prece dele (v. 4a-b5a.7a-b.8a.12a), mas como resposta a esta há doze ações por parte do Senhor, Deus de Israel, como tentativa de resposta ao quem lhe reza ou canta (vv. 13a-b.14a-b.17a-b.18a-b.20a-b.21a-b). Portanto, Sl 102 possui a estrutura de uma prece litânica. Muito provável que, a medida em que Sião (v. 17a) tenha recebido a engenharia divina, seus filhos e filhas, tenham visto o Senhor aparecer em glória (v. 17b). E, uma vez, o Senhor estando aí, então “chegou o momento de encontro” (v. 14c). Este último, entre outros feitos, mudará o ‘destino dos sem roupas’ (v.18a), ‘escutará o soluço de quem é prisioneiro’ (v. 21a) e ‘desamarrará os filhos da morte’ (v. 21b).
Memória em discurso: ecos da pureza em diferentes campos
Authors: Albert Saulo , Da Silva Edvania Gomes
Published: December 2024

Este trabalho aborda a memória da pureza a partir dos trabalhos de Michel Foucault; nesse sentido, buscamos problematizar a pureza, verificando se ela se constitui como um objeto de discurso, ligado, em alguma medida, ao campo religioso e/ou ao campo da sexualidade; ou ainda, se é possível encontrar um conjunto de enunciados, no sentido de Foucault, vinculados à questão da pureza, permitindo, assim, que possamos defender a existência de um discurso da pureza. Para isso, o percurso teórico-metodológico adotado, em consonância com a arqueogenealogia foucaultiana, perpassa a noção de domínio de memória e recorre ao método indiciário, analisando importantes textos religiosos, filosóficos e históricos desenvolvidos em diferentes contextos sociopolíticos e culturais. A análise apontou para a possibilidade de a pureza ser entendida como um discurso.
Os Ventos do Norte não Movem Moinhos...: evangélicos e extrema direita no Brasil
Authors: Rosa Wanderley Pereira da
Published: December 2024

O presente artigo pretende apresentar a relação entre importantes setores, grupos, lideranças e denominações evangélicas brasileiras e o recente movimento de extrema direita no Brasil, fenômeno conhecido como bolsonarismo. A relação entre evangélicos e grupos políticos reacionários no país não é inédita. Parte considerável dessas lideranças e denominações já haviam prestado apoio entusiástico ao golpe civil-militar e aos governos ditatoriais que perduraram no Brasil de 1964 a 1985. Nossa tese é de que a chamada Teologia do Domínio serviu e serve de justificativa teológica para tal relação. Em suma, a relação dos evangélicos conservadores e a extrema direita estadunidenses são a inspiração para o que ocorreu e vem ocorrendo no cenário brasileiro.
Long-Term Protection in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) to Pancreas Disease (Pd) Can Be Achieved Through Immunization with Genetically Modified, Live Attenuated Salmonid Alphavirus 3
Authors: Braaen Stine , Wessel Øystein , Bjørgen Håvard , Rimstad Espen
Published: December 2024

Background: Pancreas disease (PD) is a serious disease in European salmonid aquaculture caused by salmonid alphavirus (SAV) of which six genotypes (SAV1-6) have been described. The use of inactivated virus- and DNA PD vaccines is common in marine salmonid aquaculture and have contributed to a reduction of the occurrence of disease, however, outbreaks are still frequent. Methods: In this study, we compared the long-term protection after immunization of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) with three different clones of attenuated infectious SAV3. The clones were made by site-directed mutagenesis targeting the glycoprotein E2 to disrupt viral attachment and/or nuclear localization signal (NLS) of the capsid protein to disrupt viral suppression of cellular nuclear-cytosol trafficking. The resulting clones (Clones 1-3) were evaluated after injection of Atlantic salmon for infection dynamics, genetic stability, transmission, and protection against a subsequent SAV3 challenge. Results: Attenuated clones demonstrated reduced virulence, as indicated by lower viral RNA loads, diminished transmission to cohabitant fish, and minimal clinical symptoms compared to the virulent wild-type virus. The clones mutated in both capsid and E2 exhibited the most attenuation observed as rapid clearing of the infection and showing little transmission, while the clone with glycoprotein E2 mutations displayed greater residual virulence but provided stronger protection seen as reduced viral loads upon subsequent challenge with SAV3. Despite their attenuation, all viral clones caused significant reductions in weight gain. Conclusions: Despite promising attenuation and protection, the study highlights the trade-offs between virulence and immunogenicity in live vaccine design. Concerns over environmental risks, such as shedding of genetically modified virus necessitate further evaluation. Future efforts should optimize vaccine candidates to balance attenuation, immunogenicity, and minimal side effects.
A Multi-Stage Prompt Framework for High-Quality News Summarization with Large Language Models
Authors: Ali Salma , Wongsawat Arthit
Published: December 2024

News summarization is a critical task in natural language processing (NLP) due to the increasing volume of information available online. Traditional extractive summarization methods often fail to capture the nuanced and contextual nature of news content, leading to a growing interest in using large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4 for more sophisticated, abstractive summarization tasks. However, LLMs face challenges in maintaining factual consistency and accurately reflecting the core content of news articles. This research addresses these challenges by proposing a novel prompt engineering method designed to guide LLMs, specifically GPT-4, in generating high-quality news summaries. Our approach utilizes a multi-stage prompt framework that ensures comprehensive coverage of essential details and incorporates an iterative refinement process to improve summary coherence and relevance. To enhance factual accuracy, we include built-in validation mechanisms using entailment-based metrics and question-answering techniques. Experiments conducted on a newly collected dataset of diverse news articles demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, showing significant improvements in summary quality, coherence, and factual accuracy
Pemanfaatan Media Sosial Dalam Meningkatkan Pengetahuan dan Kepatuhan Pasien Diabetes Melitus
Authors: Padmasari Siwi , Sugiyono Sugiyono
Published: December 2024

Teknologi digital menjadi sumber daya penting untuk penyampaian layanan kesehatan. Mobile Health yang efektif digunakan pada pelayanan kesehatan, tetapi belum banyak diteliti adalah edukasi melalui penggunaan media WhatsApp (WA). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas edukasi penggunaan obat menggunakan media sosial WA dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kepatuhan pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2. Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian quasi experimental, pretest-posttest design with control group dan pengambilan sampel menggunakan cara convenience sampling. Kelompok perlakuan akan mendapatkan edukasi penggunaan obat antidiabetik oleh apoteker melalui pesan teks dan leaflet melalui aplikasi WA setiap minggu selama 1 bulan. Pengukuran tingkat pengetahuan menggunakan kuisioner Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire-24 (DKQ24) dan pengukuran kepatuhan menggunakan kuisioner Medication Adherence Report Scale-5 (MARS-5). Data karakteristik pasien dianalisis secara deskriptif. Data tingkat pengetahuan dan kepatuhan sebelum dan sesudah intervensi dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Wilcoxon dan uji Mann-Whitney untuk mengetahui perbedaan antara kedua kelompok. Karakteristik pasien DM tipe 2 di Puskesmas Mlati II mayoritas berusia >45 tahun, jenis kelamin perempuan, memiliki tingkat pendidikan SMA, dan memiliki penyakit penyerta hipertensi. Pemberian edukasi pesan teks dan leaflet melalui WA dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan responden pada kelompok intervensi secara signifikan dengan nilai ∆4,71 (p=0,000) dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol dengan nilai ∆2,59 (p=0,073). Tingkat kepatuhan pada kelompok intervensi mengalami peningkatan secara signifikan dengan nilai ∆7,74 (p=0,000) dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol dengan nilai ∆6,65 (p=0,069). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara edukasi yang dilakukan oleh apoteker melalui media WA terhadap tingkat pengetahuan dan kepatuhan pada pasien DM tipe 2 (p<0,05).
Antibiofilm Activities of Bioactive Compounds of Local Edible Flowers in Indonesia: A Review
Authors: Rovik Anwar , Afifah Laelatul , Rokhmalia Nur , Andyra Vania Uly , Richad Richad
Published: December 2024

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing global health problem. Biofilm formation is a notable risk factor for patient mortality. Various efforts are needed to prevent biofilm formation. Plants have been utilized in traditional medicine practices for centuries. In this review, we present an ethnobotanical study of the use of edible flowers in Indonesia and their potential development as antibiofilm agents. Local communities in Indonesia have long used various flowering plants for traditional ceremonial purposes, aesthetics, cooking ingredients, and medicine. Only a few types of flowers are utilized as food ingredients or edible flowers. There are 25 types of edible flowers from 19 families in Indonesia. Not all edible flowers in Indonesia have been studied for their antibiofilm activities. The presence of bioactive compounds, e.g., alkaloids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolics in edible flowers, suggests that they may have the potential to inhibit biofilm formation. Local communities also use edible flowers in traditional medicine practices, including Hibiscus sabdariffa, Jasminum sambac, Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Punica granatum, Blumea balsamifera, and Lantana camara. The bioactive compounds showed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including Acinetobacter baumannii, Vibrio cholerae, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Listeria spp., Streptococcus spp., Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Treponema denticola. We also highlight the need for further research to explore more edible flowers and their specific effects of the compounds on biofilm formation.
Optimization of Drilling Parameters While Drilling Surface Holes Using Machine Learning and Differential Evolution
Authors: Alsaihati Ahmed , Ismail Menhal , Elkatatny Salaheldin
Published: December 2024

Downhole vibrations while drilling surface hole sections can cause inefficient drilling. Downhole sensors can be used to provide real-time data on vibration levels encountered during drilling operations. This information helps the drilling crew to identify and address the factors causing excessive vibrations by adjusting drilling parameters based on real-time feedback to maintain or enhance the rate of penetration (ROP). The high cost, however, hinders the operator from using such sensors in each well.

This research presents a workflow that coupled machine learning (ML) with an optimization algorithm to improve the drilling operation by enhancing the ROP while reducing the severity of downhole vibrations (i.e., lateral and torsional) without using downhole sensors. The ML modeling included multiclass-multioutput classification (MMC) to predict the severity of downhole vibration and regression analysis to predict the ROP. Different ML models, including K-nearest neighbors (K-NN), decision trees (DTs), random forest (RF), gradient boosting (GB), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), were trained using data from eight historical wells drilled in a field of interest. The most accurate model was then combined with an optimization algorithm, differential evolution (DE), to optimize the drilling operation in Well No. 9. Four different optimization scenarios were explored to determine the optimal drilling parameters, surface rotary speed (RS) and weight on bit (WOB), to enhance the drilling efficiency. The values of RS and WOB parameters were varied within the traditional formation’s operational window, and a range of ±30%, 50%, and 70% of the original values applied during actual drilling in Well No. 9.

The analysis showed that the RF was the most accurate model during the testing phase. The MMC achieved a Jaccard score of 0.83, while the regression achieved R2 and root mean square error (RMSE) values of 0.86 and 0.37, respectively. The results also revealed that all optimization scenarios were able to minimize downhole lateral and torsional vibrations almost across all drilled formations in Well No. 9. Moreover, none of the optimization scenarios resulted in a significant increase in the ROP in the uppermost drilled formation, except for a minor improvement observed in the top section. Scenarios 1 and 2 did not enhance the ROP in the lowermost drilled formations, while Scenarios 3 and 4 exhibited a higher improvement.

The optimization workflow described in this paper demonstrates the potential for ROP enhancement while continuously monitoring downhole vibrations during drilling subsequent offset wells without the need to install downhole sensors, hence, reducing the overall cost of the well.
“The problem is not detection, it is treatment”: Exploring Why Women Needing Pre-Cervical Cancer Care are Lost to Follow-Up at the Hospital in Iquitos, Peru
Authors: Blum Alex C. , Tessema Rachael , Nussbaum Lauren , Hidalgo Cristina , López E. Jennifer Ríos , Meza-Sánchez Graciela , Morse Rachel , Brown Joanna , Reategui Reyles Rios , Wong Lucía , Córdova Luis Díaz , Diaz Karina Gonzales , Liñán Renso López , Vásquez Javier Vásquez , Tracy J. Kathleen , Paz-Soldan Valerie A.
Published: December 2024

Background
The objective of this study was to investigate the barriers to follow-up of women with cervical lesions suspicious of cancer who were ineligible for primary-level treatment and needed, but did not receive, hospital-level care in Loreto, Peru.
Methods
In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 HPV-positive women requiring hospital-level follow-up care for cervical lesions suspicious of cancer but for whom there was no documentation of completion of treatment. After thematically analyzing these patient interviews, interview findings were presented to seven doctors and five nurse-midwives at both the hospital and the primary levels for comments and suggestions regarding barriers to treatment. Finally, all findings were presented at a group model building workshop with 19 health authorities and professionals, where action items were discussed to elicit suggestions for systems-level changes.
Results
Interviewed patients and healthcare professionals expressed the need to improve communication between levels of care, as well as the need to implement a patient navigation program. Interviewees also discussed the barriers patients encountered in obtaining hospital-level follow-up that ultimately affected their continuum of care. Patient-identified barriers to hospital care were grouped into three main themes: (1) limited patient understanding of treatment steps, (2) the need for multiple trips to the hospital to obtain care, and (3) lack of provider follow-up, leading to their suggestion for (4) the need for patient navigators. The healthcare professionals concurred with the barriers identified by the patients, but further elucidated suggestions for change such as (1) prioritizing patients with a high risk of cancer when referring to the hospital, and (2) increasing communication between the different levels of care. The group model building workshop served as a space to discuss findings and action items that could potentially make these changes possible.
Conclusions
Despite an overall increase in follow-up for HPV-positive women since the implementation of the new HPV-based screen-and-treat program, women at high risk of developing cervical cancer are still being lost to follow-up after being referred to the hospital for care. The challenges faced by both providers and patients are complex and require systems-level improvements.
Predictors of Skill Trajectories in the Implementation of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Authors: Kuo Patty B , Calloway Amber , Halvorson Max A , Creed Torrey A
Published: December 2024

Background
Evidence based practices such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) are often underutilized in community mental health settings. Implementation efforts can be effective in increasing CBT use among clinicians, but not all therapists successfully reach CBT competence at the end of training. Past studies have focused on how clinicians overall acquire CBT skills, rather than examining different learning trajectories that clinicians may follow and predictors of those trajectories; however, understanding of learning trajectories may suggest targets for implementation strategies.
Methods
We used growth mixture models to identity trajectories in CBT skill acquisition among clinicians (n = 812) participating in a large scale CBT training and implementation program, and examined predictors (attitudes towards EBPs, clinician burnout ,professional field, presence of a graduate degree) of trajectory membership. We assessed model fit using BIC, Vuong likelihood tests, and entropy.
Results
Consistent with our hypotheses, clinicians followed either a progressive trajectory with steady increases in CBT skills over time, or a stagnant trajectory with minimal increases in CBT skills. Clinicians with more positive attitudes towards EBPs were 3.51 times more likely to follow a progressive trajectory, while clinicians who selected ‘Other’ as a professional field predicted were 0.46 times less likely to follow a progressive trajectory. Contrary to our hypotheses, presence of a graduate degree and clinician burnout did not predict CBT trajectories.
Conclusion
Our results indicate that attitudes towards EBPs can be an important intervention point to improve CBT skill acquisition for therapists in training and implementation efforts. More structured support for clinicians who did not receive training in mental health focused fields may also help improve CBT learning.
Magnetic Magnetite/Epoxy Nanocomposites with Polyaniline as Coupling Agent: Preparation, Characterization and Property
Authors: Ren Juanna , Dong Wenhao , Burcar Ethan , DeMerle Ashley , Wang Zhe , Hou Hua
Published: December 2024

An in-situ polymerization method fabricated the electrically conductive magnetic epoxy nanocomposites with polyaniline@magnetite. With the introduction of polyaniline on the magnetite nanoparticles, the structural integrity of the synthesized epoxy nanocomposites was enhanced with the bridging effect of the polyaniline. Specifically, compared with pure epoxy, the tensile strength was improved to 82.2 MPa when 1.0 wt% polyaniline@magnetite was added to the epoxy matrix. The enhanced mechanical property is due to the enhanced interfacial interaction. With further increasing particle loading to 30.0 wt%, glass transition temperature (Tg) was decreased to 85.4 oC, which is related to the enlarged free volume between epoxy chains. The saturation magnetization of 30.0 wt% polyaniline@magnetite-epoxy composites was 12.79 emu/g. Moreover, with the assistance of polyaniline@magnetite, the thermal stability was enhanced compared with pure epoxy. The electromagnetic wave absorption of the unique polyaniline@magnetite/epoxy nanocomposites was also studied. When the content of polyaniline@magnetite reached 30.0 wt%, the reflection loss even reached 35.9 dB. This work guides the fabrication of multifunctional epoxy nanocomposites with comprehensive electrical, magnetic and mechanical properties.
The Future of Artificial Intelligence: Evaluating ChatGPT's Performance in X Sentiment Prediction.
Authors: Malas Laila , Shawaqfeh Ahmad , AbuShakra Ahmad
Published: December 2024

Technological advancements have significantly progressed from the inception of computers and the internet to the rise of artificial intelligence (AI), profoundly impacting various sectors such as business, education, and healthcare. Among these advancements, ChatGPT has emerged as a prominent conversational AI tool, facilitating tasks such as sentiment prediction and sector-specific decision-making. This study aims to evaluate ChatGPT's performance in analyzing public sentiment using data from X (formerly Twitter) and to propose an ethical framework for its sector-specific applications. By combining the BERT transformer model with BiLSTM, Random Forest, and K-Nearest Neighbor algorithms, the study achieves a hybrid approach to sentiment prediction, demonstrating superior performance with an accuracy of 86.7%. Furthermore, the study explores ethical considerations, such as fairness, accountability, and transparency, to address ChatGPT's adoption across industries. The findings offer insights into both the technical and ethical dimensions of ChatGPT’s integration into business, education, and healthcare sectors, emphasizing its potential for sustainable and responsible use.
Sex Inequalities in Trends of Age-standardized Hypertension Prevalence, Treatment, and Control Among Adults Aged 30–79 Years in Senegal from 1990–2019
Authors: Tukakira John , KA Mame Madjiguene , Gaye Ngone D. , Kyem Damaris , Jobe Modou , Sattler Elisabeth Lilian Pia , Gaye Bamba , Gary-Webb Tiffany L.
Published: December 2024

Background
Hypertension is a leading contributor to preventable morbidity and mortality; however, data in African settings are limited. Monitoring its trends is critical to informing public health interventions to prevent and mitigate the double burden of disease.
Methods
We used publicly available data from the WHO Health Inequality Data Repository. We analyzed trends in age-standardized hypertension prevalence, treatment, and control among adults in Senegal aged 30–79 years by sex from 1990–2019 via the Cox-Stuart test. Hypertension was defined as the percentage of adults with a systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg or who were taking hypertension medication.
Results
The trends in hypertension prevalence differed by sex. Among females, it increased from 39.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23.7–55.8) to 42.9% (95% CI, 30.1–56.3). Among males, the prevalence did not significantly change over time from 37.6% (95% CI, 22.2–54.6) to 37.3% (95% CI, 24.5–51.0). Treated hypertension increased significantly in both sexes: in females, from 9.1% (95% CI, 1.4–25.6) to 25% (95% CI, 9.3–45.6)and in males, from 4.7% (95% CI, 0.6–14.7) to 15.5% (95% CI, 5.6–30.7). Controlled hypertension also increased significantly in both sexes: in females, it increased from 2.3% (95% CI, 0.1–9.7) to 11.1% (95% CI, 2.3–27.6), and in males, it increased from 1.3% (95% CI, 0.1–5.6) to 7.2% (95% CI, 1.5–18.1).
Conclusion
The trend in hypertension prevalence differed by sex, increasing for females but not significantly for males. The rates of hypertension treatment and control increased over time in both sexes; however, they were substantially lower than the prevalence of hypertension, indicating wide treatment gaps. These trends should continue to be monitored over time, as many opportunities exist to improve these trends.
The Association Between Chronic Kidney Disease and Presbycusis: A Mediation Analysis of the Inflammatory Biomarker Neutrophil-Percentage-to-Albumin Ratio (NPAR)
Authors: Wang Qingling , Huang Ruizhe , Guo Shiduo , Xu Zhenju , Huang Yichuan , Liang Dapeng , Guo Xiangdong , Jiang Liwei
Published: December 2024

This study assessed the association between Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and presbycusis and to investigate whether inflammatory neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio (NPAR) indicators influence this relationship.This study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surve and employed such as restricted cubic spline analysis, multiple logistic regression analyses and mediation analyses to explore these relationships.High-frequency Hearing Impairment(HI) was correlated with moderate CKD (OR = 3.25, 95% CI = 1.25–8.46, P = 0.02). HI grades were correlated with moderate CKD [for slight HI, (OR = 5.13, 95% CI = 1.48–17.86, P = 0.01); for moderate and severe HI, (OR = 4.68, 95% CI = 1.29–17.04, P = 0.02)]. Mediation analysis revealed that NPAR had a 17.85% mediating effect on the association between moderate CKD and presbycusis.Moderate CKD was associated with high-frequency HI in the elderly and that NPAR had a significant mediating effect on this relationship.
Effects of different apical preparation sizes and root canal sealers on the fracture resistance of roots aged for 12 months endodontically retreated mandibular premolars
Authors: Hancerliogullari Dilek , Baris Sevda Durust
Published: December 2024

Objective This study evaluated the effect on fracture resistance of different apical preparation sizes and root canal sealers.
Materials and methods One hundred mandibular premolars were collected, 60 were prepared up to 25/0.04, obturated with AH Plus, and stored for 1 month, after which ProTaper Universal Retreatment System instruments were used to remove the root canal filling materials. The 100 root segments were randomly divided into 10 experimental groups (𝑛 = 10 roots/group) with as follows: positive control Group 1 (intact tooth group), negative control Group 2 (25/0.04 preparation, without obturation), negative control Group 3 (30/0.04 preparation, without obturation), negative control Group 4 (40/0.04 preparation, without obturation), Group 5A (30/0.04, AH Plus), Group 5B (40/0.04, AH Plus), Group 6A (30/0.04, NeoSealer Flo), Group 6B (40/0.04, NeoSealer Flo), Group 7A (30/0.04, MTA Bioseal), Group 7B (40/0.04, MTA Bioseal). All the experimental groups were incubated at 37°C for 12 months in 100% humidity. A universal testing machine measured the fracture resistance of each segment, and the results were recorded in Newtons.
Results There were no significant differences between the sealers and apical preparation sizes. The root segments obturated with AH-Plus, NeoSealer Flo, and MTA Bioseal yield values significantly higher than those in the positive control groups.
Conclusions All types of sealer (AH Plus, NeoSealer Flo, MTA Bioseal) exhibited nearly the same fracture resistance in retreated root segments aged 12 months.
Clinical relevance Obturation with AH Plus, NeoSealer Flo and MTA Bioseal using the single cone technique enhanced the fracture resistance of retreated roots.
Spatial Distribution and Radiological Hazards Assessment of Naturally Occurring Radionuclide Materials in Soil from Quarry Sites in Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Jegede David O. , Afolabi T. Adeniyi , Agunbiade Foluso O. , Ogundiran Olusegun O. , Gbadamosi Muideen R. , Sojinu Samuel O. , Ojekunle Oluseyi Z. , Varanusupakul Pakorn
Published: December 2024

Workers and dwellers around mining and quarrying sites are exposed to Naturally Occurring Radionuclides Materials (NORMs) during various activities done on the rock and earth crust. This study investigated the spatial distribution and radiological health effects of quarrying activities in ten quarry sites in three districts (Odeda, Ajebo and Ijebu Ode) around Ogun State, Nigeria. The NORMs (40K, 238U, 232Th) were assessed using Gamma Spectrometer with a NaI detector. The radiological hazards of NORMs were assessed and statistically analyzed. The activity concentration of NORMs (Bq/kg) ranges: 40K (76.78 ± 44.76–2647.88 ± 179.44), 238U (3.24 ± 1.82–55.42 ± 24.88), and 232Th (5.24 ± 3.90–244.364 ± 89.84) revealing 70% of all samples above the world average limit. The activity concentration of NORMs in all the sites increase in the order 232Th<238U<40K. The radiological and health parameter ranges for the Adsorbed Dose Rate (DR) 3.03 ± 0.12–339.92 ± 23.24 (nGyHr− 1), Radium Equivalent (Raeq) 5.88 ± 0.24–739.46 ± 53.42 (Bq/kg), Annual Effective Dose Equivalent outdoor (AEDE out) 3.72 ± 0.41–417.16 ± 28.52(µSvyr− 1), Excessive Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) 0.01 ± 0.00–1.46 ± 0.05, and Exposure Rate (ER) 13.10 ± 0.51–1531.47 ± 104.47(µRHr− 1). The excessive lifetime cancer risk is 4–5 times higher than the world average in 80% of the samples thus discouraging the usage of soil for building and ecological activities. This study showed that radionuclides are priority pollutants with high impact and with high exposure risk tendencies in all the quarry sites investigated and therefore, not suitable for ecological and building activities.
A holistic data-driven approach to synthesis predictions of colloidal nanocrystal shapes
Authors: Buonsanti Raffaella , Zaza Ludovic , Rankovic Bojana , Schwaller Philippe
Published: December 2024

The ability to precisely design colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) has far-reaching implications in optoelectronics, catalysis, biomedicine, and beyond. Achieving such control is generally based on a trials-and-errors approach. Data-driven synthesis holds the promise to advance both discovery and mechanistic knowledge. Herein, we contribute to advancing the current state of the art in the chemical synthesis of colloidal NCs by proposing a machine-learning toolbox which operates in a low data regime, yet comprehensive of the most typical parameters relevant for colloidal NC synthesis. The developed toolbox predicts the NC shape given the reaction conditions and proposes reaction conditions given a target NC shape, using Cu NCs as the model system. By classifying NC shapes on a continuous energy scale, we synthesize an unreported shape, which are Cu rhombic dodecahedra. This holistic approach integrates data-driven and computational tools with materials chemistry. Such development is promising to greatly accelerate materials discovery and mechanistic understanding, thus advancing the field of tailored materials with atomic scale precision tunability.
Bio-Inspired Spider-Shaped Antenna with Frequency and Gain Reconfigurability for 5G and Emerging 6G Bands
Authors: Varshney Atul , Gençoğlan Duygu Nazan
Published: December 2024

A low-loss compact spider-shaped frequency reconfigurable antenna (SSFRA) is fabricated, measured, and investigated for sub-6 GHz, and microwave S-band, C-band, and new 6G spectrum (7.1–8.4 GHz) applications. A single switching PIN diode BAR64-02V is used to make the antenna flexible between S-band to X-band operations. The PIN diode switching not only provides the frequency reconfigurability but also controls/enhances the gain of antenna, when it is in their ON state. When no diode is connected the antenna achieves a gain of 4.64 dBi at 3.58GHz and it enhances to 9.03 dBi when diode is in its ON state. When the PIN diode is in its OFF state, it enhances the upper band bandwidth from 1.43 GHz to 2.86 GHz. The reflection coefficients and the gain of the antenna are measured using microwave analyzer N9916A and anechoic chambers and they are found in excellent agreements with the simulated results. Antenna achieves a 43.25% size miniaturization in comparison to conventional circular patch antenna designed at 3.50 GHz using same FR-4 substrate. The frequency reconfigurability feature of the antenna making it suitable for S-band: n66 (2110–2200 MHz), n256 (2170–2200); Sub-6 GHz/C-band: n48(3550-3700MHz), n77(2.3–4.2 GHz), n78(3.3–3.8 GHz), n79(4.4-5.0 GHz), HiperLAN (5.8 GHz), Wi-Fi 5/6 (5 GHz/6 GHz); new 6G band (USA 7.125 GHz to 8.40 GHz) applications.
An Efficient Request Assignment Method of Policy Enforcement Point Based on Markov Decision Process in Online Social Network
Authors: Deng Fan , Liu Tao , Wang Yancong , Zhang Boqi
Published: December 2024

For artificial intelligence information systems, it is essential to make trade-offs for the requests that arrive in large quantities rapidly. To alleviate server congestion and enhance user experience, we construct an agent for the Policy Enforcement Point (PEP) to determine whether to disregard a request or assign it to a server for authentication. First, we formulate the request assignment problem as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) and employ the value iteration algorithm to obtain the optimal policy function, based on which the agent makes decisions. Second, we define the priority of requests according to the out-degree of the request sender and consider all the servers' loads and the current request priority as states. Third, the transition probability is calculated following the frequency of request arrivals and the time each server takes to process one request. Finally, comparative experiments on variable parameters are carried out, and the optimal parameters of our method are determined. With the optimal parameters, the performance of our method is compared with that of Myopic and Random Rejection (RR). The results show that our proposed method outperforms the other methods regarding the Service Request Metric (SRM) and retransmission times.
Challenges faced by cardiac patients prior to coronary artery bypass grafting: a qualitative study
Authors: Ebrahimi Sajjad , Tehrani Tayebeh Hasan , Azizi Azim , Vahedparast Hakimeh , Sadeghian Efat
Published: December 2024

Background
Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is one of the most effective treatments for improving the quality of life in patients with severe coronary artery disease. However, these patients face multiple challenges prior to surgery. This study aims to elucidate the challenges faced by cardiac patients before CABG.
Methods
This qualitative study used a conventional content analysis approach. Data were obtained from 26 interviews with 23 individuals, including patients and their families, physicians, and nurses from hospitals in Bushehr and Hamadan, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews over ten months and analyzed using MAXQDA20 software.
Results
A total of 575 initial codes were extracted from the interviews and categorized into 16 subcategories based on similarities and differences. After reviewing and comparing the subcategories, five main categories of challenges faced by cardiac patients prior to coronary artery bypass surgery were identified and conceptually named. These categories included psychological and social stress during the waiting period, financial resource management for treatment, quality of information and communication, heightened need for belonging, and spirituality.
Conclusions
Patients prior to coronary artery bypass grafting encounter psychological, financial, social, and spiritual challenges. A precise understanding of these challenges and the provision of psychological and social counseling to patients and their families, financial support and facilitation of treatment costs, improvement of information quality and communication between patients and the healthcare team, strengthening emotional support from family and friends, and attention to patients' spiritual needs by the healthcare team can facilitate decision-making and enhance the quality of life and surgical outcomes.
Estimating The Impact of Public Health Interventions on COVID Mortality in The United States Using Reductions in Influenza Mortality as an Indicator Of Non-Pharmaceutical Infection Control
Authors: Morris Robert
Published: December 2024

Background
The synergistic nature of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) for control of COVID makes it difficult to assess the efficacy of any individual strategy. This study uses influenza mortality reduction (IMR) during the pandemic as an indicator of the aggregate efficacy of NPIs in limiting the transmission of respiratory diseases and uses it to assess their impact on COVID mortality.
Methods
Age-adjusted COVID mortality for US states were modeled as a function of four variables: COVID mortality prior to the introduction of NPIs in March of 2020, vaccination rates through the end of 2023, IMR for 2020-21 and 2021-22 as compared to the 2015–2019 flu seasons, and population density. To estimate the impact of NPI’s, the resulting model was used with a Monte Carlo simulation to generate a distribution of COVID deaths under the counterfactual condition of an IMR of zero.
Results
A simple linear model with only these variables explained 69% of the state-to-state variability in age adjusted COVID mortality. The resulting model suggests that NPI’s alone prevented 840,000 COVID related deaths in the United States over the course of the pandemic.
Conclusions
There does not seem to be likely explanation for the observed reduction in influenza mortality other than NPIs introduced to control COVID. The strong explanatory power of the linear model tends to support that assertion. These results demonstrate the utility of IMRs as an indicator of the aggregate impact of NPIs for controlling transmission of respiratory infections, including COVID and provide strong evidence of their critical role in reducing the health impact of the pandemic in the United States.
The Optimist: Towards Fully AutomatedGraph Theory Research
Authors: Davila Randy
Published: December 2024

This paper introduces the Optimist, an autonomous system developed to advanceautomated conjecture generation in graph theory. Leveraging mixed-integer pro-gramming (MIP) and heuristic methods, the Optimist generates conjectures thatboth rediscover established theorems and propose novel inequalities. Througha combination of memory-based computation and agent-like adaptability, theOptimist iteratively refines its conjectures by integrating new data, enabling afeedback process with minimal human (or machine) intervention. Initial exper-iments reveal the Optimist’s potential to uncover foundational results in graphtheory, as well as to produce conjectures of interest for future exploration. Thiswork also outlines the Optimist’s evolving integration with a counterpart agent,the Pessimist (a human or machine agent), to establish a dueling system thatwill drive fully automated graph theory research.
Seismic Vulnerability Mitigation of base isolated structures Equipped Using a Novel Tuned Mass Dampers with H 2 Optimization
Authors: Kiran K. K. , T. Naveenkumar D. , Kumar Anvitha M
Published: December 2024

This study presents an analysis of a Novel Tuned Mass Damper Inerter (NTMDI) aimed at mitigating structural responses under seismic excitation. Initially, a Single-Degree-of-Freedom (SDOF) structural model was analysed under Gaussian white noise excitation to determine optimal NTMDI parameters. These parameters were then applied to a base-isolated structure under real seismic data (El Centro ground motion) to evaluate performance in practical scenarios. The H2 optimization technique was employed to simplify the process of determining reduced responses, and a combination of numerical search and curve fitting was used to derive closed-form expressions for optimal parameters. Results indicate that the NTMDI significantly reduces base accelerations by up to 60% in the isolated structure, highlighting its potential as an effective vibration control solution. The study further demonstrates that the inerter mass ratio directly influences both frequency and damping ratios, offering enhanced flexibility in structural tuning. The use of NTMDI for seismic applications shows considerable promise, providing engineers with a practical tool to achieve high levels of response reduction.
Pharmacokinetic Profile of Novel Reduced-Dose Danziten™ (Nilotinib Tablets) versus Tasigna® (Nilotinib Capsules): In Vivo Bioequivalence and Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis
Authors: Mauro Michael , Radich Jerald , Jain Paras , Sequeira David , Douer Dan
Published: December 2024

Purpose
To evaluate single-dose pharmacokinetics (PK) of novel reduced-dose film coated Danziten™ (nilotinib tablets), establish bioequivalence vs. Tasigna® (nilotinib capsules) and investigate food effects on PK of both formulations.
Methods
A model evaluating nilotinib capsules (300 or 400 mg) or tablets (142 or 190 mg) was based on 14 studies and > 30,000 plasma samples from healthy men and women. Steady-state nilotinib concentration-time profiles following twice-daily dosing with various treatment and food conditions were simulated using a randomly sampled dataset of 50 subjects.
Results
PK was characterized by a 2-compartment model with linear elimination and zero-order absorption with lag time. Bioequivalence was met for all steady state exposure metrics for both doses under fasted conditions. A milligram strength for nilotinib tablets ~ 50% lower than that for capsules resulted in bioequivalent nilotinib exposures. Administration with a low-fat meal under modified fasting conditions increased the bioavailability (BA) of 142 mg and 190 mg nilotinib tablets by 26.0% and 29.3%, respectively, vs. fasting; values for 300 mg and 400 mg capsules were 56.8% and 60.7%. Administration with a high-fat meal under modified fasting conditions increased the BA of 142 and 190 mg nilotinib tablets by 48.6% and 52.2%, respectively; values for 300 and 400 mg capsules were 180.6% and 183.3%.
Conclusion
Nilotinib tablets 142 and 190 mg provide bioequivalent exposures to 300 mg and 400 mg capsules under fasted conditions and substantially smaller effects of food on exposure.