bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How do team cohesion and psychological safety impact knowledge sharing in software development projects?
Authors: Kakar Adarsh Kumar
Published: July 2018

Software development is a process involving conversion of embedded knowledge resident in individuals with diverse domains of specializations into embodied knowledge in the form of a software product. One of the key processes through which this conversion is accomplished is knowledge sharing (KS). In a first of a kind investigation, this study theorizes and tests the direct and interactional impacts of team cohesion (TC) and psychological safety (PS) on KS. The results show that as expected, enhancing PS has a positive direct impact on KS. However, both low levels and, rather unexpectedly, high levels of TC were found to have an adverse direct impact on KS. These findings of the direct impacts of TC and PS on KS are further qualified by the interactional impacts of TC and PS on KS. Although low levels of TC and PS had an antagonistic impact, high levels of TC and PS had a synergistic impact on KS. The implications of these findings for practice are discussed.
Droplet‐Based Microfluidic Templating of Polyglycerol‐Based Microgels for the Encapsulation of Cells: A Comparative Study
Authors: Kapourani Era , Neumann Falko , Achazi Katharina , Dernedde Jens , Haag Rainer
Published: July 2018

Cell microencapsulation holds great promise as a therapeutic strategy for the controlled and sustained delivery of biologically relevant agents. The authors developed cell‐laden microgel scaffolds with excellent long‐term viabilities by combining bioorthogonal strain promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) and droplet‐based microfluidic templating. Star‐shaped polyglycerol hexaazide, α,ω‐bis azido‐linear polyglycerol or polyethylene glycol as well as dendritic polyglycerol‐(polycyclooctyne) served as bioinert hydrogel precursors. The authors demonstrate for the first time the generation of entirely polyglycerol‐based microcapsules with excellent stability and full retention of viability of the packed cells for longer than 3 weeks. As a result, our microgel particles could be used for long‐term immunoisolation of cells enabling their study during encapsulation.
Synthesis of Alkyl‐Substituted Quinoxaline‐Based Copolymers Along with Photophysical Property Modulation for Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Kang Yeongkwon , Agneeswari Rajalingam , Lee Jihoon , Kwon Ji Hyeon , Tamilavan Vellaiappillai , Park Seong Soo , Park Sung Heum , Jin Youngeup
Published: July 2018

A series of alkyl‐substituted quinoxaline‐based copolymers are prepared and their properties are studied. Stille copolymerization of 2,5‐bis(trimethylstannyl)thiophene (M3) with different ratios of 2,7‐dibromo‐9,9‐dioctyl‐9H‐fluorene (M4) and 5,8‐dibromo‐6,7‐difluoro‐2,3‐didodecylquinoxaline (M1) affords five new random copolymers, labeled P1–P5. Suzuki copolymerization of 4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐2‐[2‐(4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaborolan‐2‐yl)‐9,9‐dioctyl‐9H‐fluoren‐7‐yl]‐1,3,2‐dioxaborolane (M5) and 5,8‐bis(5‐bromothiophen‐2‐yl)‐2,3‐didodecyl‐6,7‐difluoroquinoxaline (M2) yielded a new alternating copolymer, labeled P6. All copolymers show high thermal stability, and the 5% weight loss temperature is above 400 °C. The estimated optical bandgap (E
g) values of random copolymers P1–P5 (E
g ≈ 1.93, 1.97, 1.97, 2.02, and 2.08 eV, respectively) are found to be relatively lower than that of alternating copolymer P6 (E
g ≈ 2.14 eV). All copolymers P1–P6 exhibit deep highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels, and the determined HOMO levels are −5.65, −5.67, −5.67, −5.60, −5.59, and −5.66 eV, respectively. The maximum power conversion efficiencies of polymer solar cells made with individual copolymers P1–P6 as a donor materials and PC70BM as an acceptor are 3.98, 2.91, 3.33, 3.55, 3.07, and 2.78%, respectively.
Enhancement of Mechanical Properties of FDM‐PLA Parts via Thermal Annealing
Authors: Wach Radoslaw A. , Wolszczak Piotr , Adamus‐Wlodarczyk Agnieszka
Published: July 2018

The objective of this study is to investigate the possibility of enhancing mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) samples processed by a rapid manufacturing (RM) technique by increasing PLA crystallinity degree via thermal annealing. The samples are manufactured by fused deposition modeling (FDM) at different temperatures and subsequently evaluated by three‐point bending flexural and tensile tests. The polymer processed at 215 °C is thermally annealed over its glass transition temperature in order to increase the degree of crystallinity to the maximum attainable level as measured by the differential scanning calorimetry and confirmed by X‐ray diffraction. The increase in the degree of crystallinity of FDM‐PLA enhances flexural stress of the samples by 11–17%. The study also demonstrates applicability of radiation sterilization for FDM‐PLA parts. Therefore, thermal annealing might be introduced into a standard RM technology of PLA, particularly for sterilizable customized implants, to efficiently improve their mechanical properties.
Comments to “Quantification of network structural dissimilarities” published by Schieber et al
Authors: Dehmer Matthias , Emmert‐Streib Frank
Published: July 2018

Recently, we came across the paper entitled “Quantification of network structural dissimilarities” published by Nature Communications. In this paper, Schieber et al claimed to propose a novel technique for measuring the structural similarity of networks. The authors of this commentary are familiar with this special area of network analysis. After reading the paper, we doubt that the graph similarity (distance) measure due to Schieber et al is entirely novel. Instead, parts thereof are very similar to contributions we have authored. Unfortunately, they have not been cited nor acknowledged in Schieber et al.
Differentiation of the granulosa layer from hen prehierarchal follicles associated with follicle‐stimulating hormone receptor signaling
Authors: Kim Dongwon , Johnson Alan L.
Published: July 2018

Recruitment of a single follicle into the preovulatory hierarchy of the domestic hen ovary occurs from a small cohort of prehierarchal follicles measuring 6–8 mm in diameter. We have previously reported that granulosa cells (GCs) collected from prehierarchal follicles express highest levels of membrane‐localized follicle‐stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) during follicle development, yet fail to initiate signaling via cAMP following short‐term incubation with FSH. Consequently, GC from prehierarchal follicles remain in an undifferentiated state and lack the capacity for steroidogenesis due to a deficiency of cAMP‐dependent STAR protein and CYP11A1 gene expression. The present studies investigate FSH responsiveness in GC before and after the transition from undifferentiated to a differentiated state at follicle recruitment. Before recruitment focus is directed toward the inhibition of FSHR‐signaling by β‐ARRESTIN (βARR). Specifically, knockdown of βARR messenger RNA in cultured, undifferentiated GC using small interfering RNA facilitated FSH‐induced cAMP formation, STAR expression, and progesterone production. Furthermore, overexpression of bovine βARR1 and G‐protein‐coupled receptor kinase2 in actively differentiating GC significantly decreased cAMP accumulation and progesterone production following a challenge with FSH. We propose that a βARR‐mediated mechanism maintains FSHR unresponsiveness in undifferentiated GC from prehierarchal follicles, and as a result prevents GC differentiation until the time of follicle recruitment.
Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate reduces atresia of primordial follicles occurring during slow‐freezing and thawing of human ovarian cortical strips
Authors: Guzel Yilmaz , Bildik Gamze , Dilege Ece , Oktem Ozgur
Published: July 2018

We aimed in this study to explore if sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) reduces apoptosis of primordial follicles during cryopreservation of human ovarian cortical samples. Ovarian cortical tissue fragments obtained from young patients who underwent laparoscopic excision of benign ovarian cysts were used for the experiments. The samples were slow‐frozen and thawed with and without S1P at 200 and 400 μM, cultured for 1 day, and then were fixed and processed for both histomorphological assessment and detection of apoptosis with immunohistochemistry using apoptosis marker cleaved caspase‐3. Follicle counts were expressed as the mean number of follicles per mm2. The mean number of primordial follicles and in vitro estradiol (E2) and anti‐mullerian hormone (AMH) production of the slow‐frozen and thawed samples were significantly reduced compared with fresh unfrozen samples. S1P treatment at 400 μM but not 200 μM concentration resulted in a significant increase in the number of surviving primordial follicles and in vitro E2 and AMH productions of the samples compared with their counterparts slow‐frozen without S1P. We found that that there was a significant decrease in the number of primordial follicles with their oocytes stained positive for cleaved caspase‐3 in the slow‐frozen samples S1P 400 μM in comparison with the samples slow‐frozen without S1P. These results suggest that S1P may ameliorate follicle atresia occurring in human ovarian cortical samples during cryopreservation.
Understanding medicines with a propensity to increase the risk of heart failure: Combining existing knowledge with targeted population assessment
Authors: Tomlin Andrew M. , Woods David J. , Lloyd Hywel S. , Stewart Ralph A.H. , Tilyard Murray W.
Published: July 2018

Purpose

Existing knowledge of medicines that increase the risk of an adverse event may be corroborated and augmented by population studies specifically assessing the risk associated with the concurrent use of these medicines and use by patients with existing comorbidity. An American Heart Association review recently identified a variety of medicines that may cause or exacerbate heart failure (HF), many with evidence from limited evaluation of population data. We assessed the risk of first‐time HF associated with the use of 50 of these medicines by New Zealand's primary care population.

Methods

Case‐control study utilising national pharmaceutical use and hospital admissions data 2007‐2015; 22,989 patients with first‐time HF 2008‐2015 were matched with 114 498 control patients. The primary outcome was first‐time HF and its association with medicine exposure in the prior 90 days, estimated using conditional logistic regression. We also assessed the risk associated with new use of medicines in the prior month, concurrent use, and in patients with existing comorbidity.

Results

Eleven medicines were significantly associated with HF with several other infrequently used medicines providing signals of increased risk. A high risk was associated with the use of salbutamol (adjusted odds ratio 2.63; 95% CI, 2.48‐2.78), clozapine (2.70; 2.46‐4.98), diltiazem (1.52; 1.44‐1.60), indomethacin (2.51; 1.54‐4.10), pioglitazone (1.50; 1.16‐1.95), and antifungal medicines. New use of medicines and use of medicine combinations increased this risk in many cases.

Conclusions

Our study provides further evidence to inform cautious use of these medicines in patients with HF or at risk of developing HF.
Sleep disordered breathing and ventilatory support in children with Down syndrome
Authors: Trucco Federica , Chatwin Michelle , Semple Thomas , Rosenthal Mark , Bush Andrew , Tan Hui‐Leng
Published: July 2018

Study Objectives

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSAS) in children with Down syndrome (DS) is now well recognized, but other forms of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in this population are less well described. Anecdotally, respiratory support for SDB treatment in this population is not easily tolerated. We aimed to characterize the types of SDB in children with DS referred to a tertiary respiratory center and to assess the effectiveness and adherence to respiratory support.

Methods

Retrospective study of DS patients <18 years old under follow‐up at a tertiary respiratory center. Anthropometrics, comorbidities, sleep study results, and details of respiratory support were collected. Satisfactory adherence to oxygen (O2), Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP), or bilevel noninvasive ventilation (NIV) was defined as use >4 h/night for >50% nights.

Results

Sixty patients were included, median age 1.5 (0.7‐5.3) years; 49 (82%) had congenital heart disease, 16 (27%) pulmonary hypertension, 28 (47%) gastroesophageal reflux, 38 (63%) swallowing impairment; 16/17 who underwent CT scanning had evidence of aspiration. Forty‐two had SDB: 27 (61%) OSAS (10 mild, 5 moderate, 12 severe), 11 (25%) central apnoeas, 19 (32%) nocturnal hypoventilation. Twenty‐six had baseline saturations <95%. Lower SpO2 correlated with pulmonary hypertension (r2 = 0.1, P = 0.04). Thirty‐nine (65%) patients started respiratory support (14 O2, 18 CPAP, 7 NIV) and 22 (56%) have regularly used it. After a 1.9 years follow up 11/24 had satisfactory adherence to CPAP/NIV (average use 8 h/night).

Conclusions

Our results confirm the high prevalence of OSAS in children with DS. A significant number also have low baseline saturations, central apnoeas, and nocturnal hypoventilation. Contrary to popular belief, more than half of children with DS had satisfactory adherence to respiratory support.
The myriad challenges of respiratory fungal infection in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Tracy Michael C. , Moss Richard B.
Published: July 2018

Fungal infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) is a recognized challenge, with many areas requiring further investigation. Consensus definitions exist for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillus in CF, but the full scope of clinically relevant non‐allergic fungal disease in CF—asymptomatic colonization, transient or chronic infection localized to endobronchial mucus plugs or airway tissue, and invasive disease—is yet to be clearly defined. Recent advances in mycological culture and non‐culture identification have expanded the list of both potential pathogens and community commensals in the lower respiratory tract. Here we aim to outline the current understanding of fungal presence in the CF respiratory tract, risk factors for acquiring fungi, host‐pathogen interactions that influence the role of fungi from bystander to pathogen, advances in the diagnostic approaches to isolating and identifying fungi in CF respiratory samples, challenges of classifying clinical phenotypes of CF patients with fungi, and current treatment approaches. Development and validation of biomarkers characteristic of different fungal clinical phenotypes, and controlled trials of antifungal agents in well‐characterized target populations, remain central challenges to surmount and goals to be achieved.
Neurocognitive disorders and sleep in children with primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: Şişmanlar Eyüboğlu Tuğba , Aslan Ayşe Tana , Ceylan Alper , Soysal Azime Şebnem , Budakoğlu Işıl İrem , Ulukavak Çiftçi Tansu , Köktürk Oğuz
Published: July 2018

Background

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) patients have higher incidence of sleep disordered breathing which lead neurocognitive impairments such as attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It may effect academic performance of children and may cause impairment in emotional relationships. This study aim to evaluate hyperactivity and attention deficiency in PCD patients and investigate the relationship between sleep and hyperactivity and attention deficiency in PCD patients.

Method

Fifteen PCD patients aged 8‐18 years and 31 age‐matched healthy controls were compared. Ear, nose, and throat examination and home sleep testing were performed in PCD patients. Pediatric sleep questionnaire, Conners’ Parents and Teacher scale and Stroop test were applied in both groups in order to investigate the relation between sleep disordered breathing and ADHD in PCD children.

Results

PCD patients had chronic rhinosinusitis (100%), tonsillar hypertrophy (80%) and adenoidal hypertrophy (60%). FEF25‐75 was low in pulmonary function test. Sixty percent of the PCD patients had mild obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in home sleep testing. Mean AHI was 1.54 ± 0.27. Compared with the controls PCD patients had higher PSQ scores. Hyperactivity scores on Conners’ Parents scale and inattention findings in Stroop test were higher in PCD patients than the healthy controls (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Most of PCD children had mild obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Hyperactivity and inattention findings were higher in PCD patients. Sleep disordered breathing assessment should be a routine part of PCD patients management and these patients should be carefully monitored in terms of hyperactivity and inattention.
Continuous versus discontinuous tumor involvement: A dilemma in prostate biopsy quantitation
Authors: Bsirini Caroline , Danakas Alexandra M. , Miyamoto Hiroshi
Published: July 2018

Background

No consensus has been reached for an optimal method of quantifying discontinuous tumor foci separated by intervening benign tissue on prostate biopsy (PBx). We examined sets of PBx, where cancer involved only one core, and corresponding radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens.

Methods and Results

Cases were divided into 3 groups—Group 1 (n = 80): <3 mm in end‐to‐end tumor measurement (continuous/discontinuous); Group 2 (n = 22): ≥3 mm in tumor length (continuous); and Group 3 (n = 15): ≥3 mm in end‐to‐end tumor measurement (discontinuous). The rate of Gleason score ≥7 was considerably lower in Group 1 (9%/30% on PBx/RP) than in Group 2 (50% [P < 0.001]/59% [P = 0.015] on PBx/RP) or Group 3 (40% [P = 0.005]/46% [P = 0.237] on PBx/RP). pT2 disease was significantly more often found in Group 1 (88%) than in Group 2 (68%, P = 0.049) or Group 3 (60%, P = 0.018). Surgical margin was significantly more often positive in Group 3 (27%) than in Group 1 (5%, P = 0.020), but not Group 2 (9%, P = 0.198). Moreover, estimated cancer volume (cc, mean ± SD) was significantly smaller in Group 1 (1.89 ± 1.98) than in Group 2 (3.56 ± 2.92, P = 0.026) or Group 3 (3.44 ± 2.02, P = 0.013). Kaplan‐Meier analysis revealed higher risks of biochemical recurrence after RP in Group 2, compared with Group 1 (P = 0.001) or Group 3 (P = 0.096). In 93 patients with biopsy Gleason score 6 cancer, higher rates of pT2+/3 disease (P = 0.023) and positive margin (P = 0.026), as well as larger cancer volume (P = 0.063), on RP were still seen in Group 3, compared with Group 1, but their differences were not statistically significant between Group 2 and Group 3.

Conclusions

Linear quantitation including intervening benign tissue on PBx may more precisely predict the actual tumor extent.
Vibrating Sharp‐edge Spray Ionization (VSSI) for voltage‐free direct analysis of samples using mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Xiaojun , Attanayake Kushani , Valentine Stephen J. , Li Peng
Published: July 2018

Rationale

The development of miniaturized and field portable mass spectrometers could not succeed without a simple, compact, and robust ionization source. Here we present a voltage‐free ionization method, Vibrating Sharp‐edge Spray Ionization (VSSI), which can generate a spray of liquid samples using only one standard microscope glass slide to which a piezoelectric transducer is attached. Compared with existing ambient ionization methods, VSSI eliminates the need for a high electric field (~5000 V·cm−1) for spray generation, while sharing a similar level of simplicity and flexibility with the simplest direct ionization techniques currently available such as paper spray ionization (PSI) and other solid substrate‐based electrospray ionization methods.

Methods

The VSSI device was fabricated by attaching a piezoelectric transducer onto a standard glass microscope slide using epoxy glue. Liquid sample was aerosolized by either placing a droplet onto the vibrating edge of the glass slide or touching a wet surface with the glass edge. Mass spectrometric detection was achieved by placing the VSSI device 0.5–1 cm from the inlet of the mass spectrometer (Q‐Exactive, ThermoScientific).

Results

VSSI is demonstrated to ionize a diverse array of chemical species, including small organic molecules, carbohydrates, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids. Preliminary sensitivity experiments show that high‐quality mass spectra of acetaminophen can be obtained by consuming 100 femtomoles of the target. The dual spray of VSSI was also demonstrated by performing in‐droplet denaturation of ubiquitin. Finally, due to the voltage‐free nature and the direct‐contact working mode of VSSI, it has been successfully applied for the detection of chemicals directly from human fingertips.

Conclusions

Overall, we report a compact ionization method based on vibrating sharp‐edges. The simplicity and voltage‐free nature of VSSI make it an attractive option for field portable applications or analyzing biological samples that are sensitive to high voltage or difficult to access by conventional ionization methods.
A German version of the Three‐Dimensional Work Fatigue Inventory (3D‐WFI): Factor structure, internal consistency, and correlates
Authors: Frone Michael R. , Reis Dorota , Ottenstein Charlotte
Published: July 2018

Work fatigue represents an essential construct for understanding employee health and safety. In this study, we developed and explored the psychometric properties of a German version of the Three‐Dimensional Work Fatigue Inventory and examined a set of hypothesized correlates of work fatigue. Data came from a sample of 439 German workers. Consistent with the original measure, confirmatory factor analyses supported a three‐factor solution (physical, mental, and emotional work fatigue), and estimates of internal consistency reliability exceeded .90 for each dimension of work fatigue. The measure demonstrated a meaningful pattern of associations with predictors (time pressure, job control, psychological detachment, relaxation, and trait negative and positive affect) and an important outcome (work engagement). The German Three‐Dimensional Work Fatigue Inventory will encourage research on an essential construct for employee health and safety using broader populations of workers.
Numerical study of structural behavior of fiber‐reinforced polymer‐strengthened reinforced concrete beams with bond‐slip effect under cyclic loading
Authors: Pathak Prabin , Zhang Y. X.
Published: July 2018

Two simple finite element models denoted as FEM‐B and FEM‐BC are developed in this paper to investigate the structural behavior of fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) strengthened reinforced concrete (RC) beams under static and cyclic loading. First, the FEM‐B is developed for analysis of FRP‐strengthened RC beams under static loading and the bond‐slip effect between FRP, adhesive and concrete is included. Then FEM‐BC is developed based on FEM‐B for analysis of structural behavior of FRP‐strengthened RC beams under cyclic loading, and degradations of material properties of concrete, steel reinforcement, and FRP due to cyclic loading are taken into account. The developed FEMs are validated against experimental results and demonstrated to be effective for structural analysis of FRP‐strengthened RC beams. Furthermore, parametric studies are carried out to learn the effects of types, thickness, and length of FRP on the structural behavior of FRP‐strengthened RC beams based on the FEM‐BC model. The research findings are summarized finally.
Evaluation of the antinociceptive activities of several sodium channel blockers using veratrine test in mice
Authors: Yoshizawa Kazumi , Arai Narumaki , Suzuki Yukina , Nakamura Toka , Takeuchi Kota , Sakamoto Reinii , Masuda Ritsuko
Published: July 2018

An important role of voltage‐gated sodium channels (VGSCs) in many different pain states has been established in animal models and humans wherein sodium channel blockers partially ameliorate pain. However, behavioral tests for screening analgesics that exhibit pharmacologic action by acting on VGSCs are rarely reported, and there are no studies on antinociception using veratrine as a nociceptive agent. The aim of the present study was to examine the amount of nociceptive behavior evoked by subcutaneous administration of veratrine into the hind paw and investigate whether veratrine can be used as a VGSC agonist to test the pharmacological properties of candidate analgesics via sodium channel blockade. We report for the first time that intraplantar injection of veratrine produced a reproducible nociceptive response in mice. Furthermore, several sodium channel blockers, namely carbamazepine, valproate, mexiletine, and the selective Nav1.7 inhibitor PF‐04856264, but not flecainide or pilsicainide, reduced veratrine‐induced nociception. In contrast, calcium channel blockers gabapentin and ethosuximide did not change veratrine‐induced nociception. The veratrine test in mice might be a useful tool, at least in part, to evaluate the potential analgesic effect of sodium channel blockers.
A phase 1b study of transforming growth factor-beta receptor I inhibitor galunisertib in combination with sorafenib in Japanese patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ikeda Masafumi , Morimoto Manabu , Tajimi Masaomi , Inoue Koichi , Benhadji Karim A. , Lahn Michael M. F. , Sakai Daisuke
Published: July 2018

Background Galunisertib inhibits type I transforming growth factor-beta receptor serine/threonine kinase. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of galunisertib in combination with sorafenib in Japanese patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients and methods This open-label, dose-escalation, multicenter, nonrandomized phase 1b study consisted of two dose levels of galunisertib, 160 or 300 mg/day, in combination with sorafenib 800 mg/day. Galunisertib 80 mg or 150 mg was administered orally twice daily for 14 days followed by 14 days of rest plus sorafenib 400 mg administered orally twice daily for 28 days. The dose-limiting toxicity evaluation was 28 days after the first dose. Safety measures, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity were assessed. Results Fourteen patients, 7 at each galunisertib dose, were enrolled and treated. Three dose-limiting toxicities were reported for 2 patients. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were hypophosphatemia (14 patients [100%]), palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (12 patients [85.7%]), and decreased platelet count (10 patients [71.4%]). The most common grade ≥ 3 TEAEs were hypophosphatemia (10 patients [71.4%]) and palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (7 patients [50.0%]). No grade 5 TEAEs were reported. The pharmacokinetic profile of galunisertib in combination with sorafenib was similar to that previously reported for galunisertib. Eleven patients had a best overall response of stable disease, and 1 patient achieved a partial response by hepatocellular carcinoma-specific modified RECIST. Conclusions These data are consistent with the known safety profile for galunisertib and sorafenib and confirm tolerability of the recommended dose of galunisertib (150 mg twice daily for 14 days) in combination with
sorafenib in Japanese patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.
Human fascioliasis infection sources, their diversity, incidence factors, analytical methods and prevention measures
Authors: Mas-Coma S. , Bargues M. D. , Valero M. A.
Published: July 2018

Human fascioliasis infection sources are analysed for the first time in front of the new worldwide scenario of this disease. These infection sources include foods, water and combinations of both. Ingestion of freshwater wild plants is the main source, with watercress and secondarily other vegetables involved. The problem of vegetables sold in uncontrolled urban markets is discussed. Distinction between infection sources by freshwater cultivated plants, terrestrial wild plants, and terrestrial cultivated plants is made. The risks by traditional local dishes made from sylvatic plants and raw liver ingestion are considered. Drinking of contaminated water, beverages and juices, ingestion of dishes and soups and washing of vegetables, fruits, tubercles and kitchen utensils with contaminated water are increasingly involved. Three methods to assess infection sources are noted: detection of metacercariae attached to plants or floating in freshwater, anamnesis in individual patients, and questionnaire surveys in endemic areas. The infectivity of metacercariae is reviewed both under field conditions and experimentally under the effects of physicochemical agents. Individual and general preventive measures appear to be more complicated than those considered in the past. The high diversity of infection sources and their heterogeneity in different countries underlie the large epidemiological heterogeneity of human fascioliasis throughout.
Epidemiology and risk factors associated with surgical site infection following surgery on thoracic aorta
Authors: Morikane K.
Published: July 2018

Surgical site infection (SSI) following cardiovascular surgery has been well documented, possibly owing to its highly invasive nature, but SSI following surgery on the thoracic aorta has not. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology and assess risk factors associated with the latter in Japan using a national database for SSI. Data on surgery on thoracic aorta performed between 2012 and 2014 were extracted from the Japan Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (JANIS) database. Risk factors were assessed initially by univariate analysis, and then entered into a logistic regression model for final evaluation. The cumulative incidence of SSI was 4.1% (146/3538) and staphylococci were the most frequent pathogens isolated. Factors such as the duration of operation, emergency surgery and male gender were significantly associated with SSI. These findings differ from previous studies on open heart and coronary artery bypass surgery, in which the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score was significantly associated with SSI, but gender was not. This study suggests that risk stratification in the JANIS system might be improved by incorporating additionally identified factors for risk adjustment, when comparing the incidence of SSI between hospitals.
Meandering pulmonary veins mimicking scimitar syndrome
Authors: Pawar Ravindra S. , Raj Vimal , Pujar V Suresh
Published: July 2018

Scimitar or pulmonary venolobar syndrome, a rare pulmonary anomaly, consists basically of anomalous pulmonary venous drainage of the right lung to the inferior caval vein, anomalous systemic arterial supply to the right lower lobe from the descending aorta, hypoplasia of the right lung, and dextroposed heart. We present a rare case with constellation of all these findings of scimitar syndrome, but with the aberrant pulmonary vein draining into the left atrium.
Tracing the Steps of Hydrothermal Activity in Hrad Vallis, Mars
Authors: Witman Sarah
Published: July 2018

Conditions that formed Amazonian age valleys may have been hospitable to microbial life.
Unraveling Phytoplankton Community Dynamics in the Northern Chukchi Sea Under Sea‐Ice‐Covered and Sea‐Ice‐Free Conditions
Authors: Neeley A. R. , Harris L. A. , Frey K. E.
Published: July 2018

The timing of sea ice retreat, light availability, and sea surface stratification largely control the phytoplankton community composition in the Chukchi Sea. This region is experiencing a significant warming trend, an overall decrease in sea ice cover, and a documented decline in annual sea ice persistence and thickness over the past several decades. The consequences of earlier seasonal sea ice retreat and a longer sea‐ice‐free season on phytoplankton community composition warrant investigation. We applied multivariate statistical techniques to elucidate the mechanisms that relate environmental variables to phytoplankton community composition in the Chukchi Sea using data collected during a single field campaign in the summer of 2011. Three phytoplankton groups emerged that were correlated with sea ice, sea surface temperature, nutrients, salinity, and light. Longer ice‐free duration in a future Chukchi Sea will result in warmer sea surface temperatures and nutrient depletion, which we conclude will favor other phytoplankton types over larger diatoms.
Semiannual Oscillation of the Lunar Exosphere: Implications for Water and Polar Ice
Authors: Hodges R. Richard
Published: July 2018

A time‐dependent simulation of the argon‐40 exosphere of the Moon shows that the semiannual oscillation of argon detected by the neutral mass spectrometer on the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer spacecraft is consistent with adsorptive respiration in seasonal cold traps near the lunar poles. The magnitude of the oscillation requires that high‐energy adsorption sites on soil grain surfaces at polar latitudes be as free of water contamination as soils at low latitudes. This requirement is met by the combination of two generally ignored water removal mechanisms: solar wind bombardment of exposed adsorption sites and the serpentinization reaction of water with olivine. The significance of these processes is supported by the lack of evidence of water in Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer data, which, in turn, establishes an upper bound for exospheric transport of water to polar traps at less than 1014 molecules/Ga.
Ocean‐Induced Melt Triggers Glacier Retreat in Northwest Greenland
Authors: Wood M. , Rignot E. , Fenty I. , Menemenlis D. , Millan R. , Morlighem M. , Mouginot J. , Seroussi H.
Published: July 2018

In recent decades, tidewater glaciers in Northwest Greenland contributed significantly to sea level rise but exhibited a complex spatial pattern of retreat. Here we use novel observations of bathymetry and water temperature from NASA's Ocean Melting Greenland mission to quantify the role of warm, salty Atlantic Water in controlling the evolution of 37 glaciers. Modeled ocean‐induced undercutting of calving margins compared with ice advection and ice front retreat observed by satellites from 1985 to 2015 indicate that 35 glaciers retreated when cumulative anomalies in ocean‐induced undercutting rose above the range of seasonal variability of calving‐front positions, while two glaciers standing on shallow sills and colder water did not retreat. Deviations in the observed timing of retreat are explained by residual uncertainties in bathymetry, inefficient mixing of waters in shallow fjords, and the presence of small floating sections. Overall, warmer ocean temperature triggered the retreat, but calving processes dominate ablation (71%).
Saturn's New Ribbons: Cassini Observations of Planetary Waves in Saturn's 42N Atmospheric Jet
Authors: Gunnarson Jacob L. , Sayanagi Kunio M. , Blalock John J. , Fletcher Leigh N. , Ingersoll Andrew P. , Dyudina Ulyana A. , Ewald Shawn P. , Draham Robert L.
Published: July 2018

Using images from the Cassini spacecraft, we analyzed three ribbon waves in Saturn's 42°N eastward jet at 45°N, 42°N, and 39°N planetocentric latitudes. In this report, we demonstrate that the morphology, wavelength, and propagation of the ribbon waves are consistent with barotropic Rossby waves with a smaller baroclinic component. We report on the appearance and disappearance of these waves during Cassini's mission. We suggest that the temporal evolution of these waves are related to the great Saturn storm of 2010–2011.
Observation Results and Discussion on an Upward Leader Followed by a Long Continuing Current After a Return Stroke
Authors: Li Yun , Shi Lihua , Qiu Shi , Duan Yantao , Sun Zheng , Wang Tao
Published: July 2018

An abnormal discharge process after a return stroke (RS) in a negative cloud‐to‐ground flash was studied in detail. Correlating high‐speed video images and electric field data, it was found that the abnormal discharge process was initiated at ground and transported positive charge from ground toward cloud. Moreover, there was a long continuing current (CC) initiated by the abnormal upward discharge process. Compared with the characteristics of RSs, CCs and M components, we conclude that the upward discharge process is a kind of upward positive leader. The 3‐D speeds of the positive leader range from 3.72 × 106 m/s to 14.48 × 106 m/s with average value of 6.5 × 106 m/s. As far as we know, it is the first report that a long CC follows the upward positive leader after RS, which is obviously different from traditional CCs. The discovery is helpful to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanism and physical process of negative cloud‐to‐ground flashes.
Effect of amino group protonation on the carboxyl group in aqueous glycine observed by O 1s X-ray emission spectroscopy
Authors: Horikawa Y. , Tokushima T. , Takahashi O. , Harada Y. , Hiraya A. , Shin S.
Published: July 2018

The valence electronic structures of the amino acid glycine in aqueous solution were investigated in detail through X-ray emission spectroscopy at O 1s excitation under selective excitation conditions of the CO site in the carboxyl group.
Pathogen-specific DNA sensing with engineered zinc finger proteins immobilized on a polymer chip
Authors: Ha Dat Thinh , Ghosh Sthitodhi , Ahn Chong H. , Segal David J. , Kim Moon-Soo
Published: July 2018

An array of engineered zinc finger proteins (ZFPs) along with the detection ZFP probes for sensing pathogen-specific DNA on a cyclic olefin copolymer chip.
Detection of a transient FeV(O)(OH) species involved in olefin oxidation by a bio-inspired non-haem iron catalyst
Authors: Xu Shuangning , Veach Jedidiah J. , Oloo Williamson N. , Peters Kevin C. , Wang Junyi , Perry Richard H. , Que Lawrence
Published: July 2018

Here we provide direct evidence for the formation of an FeV(O)(OH) species in non-haem iron catalysis using ambient mass spectrometry.
Asymmetric synthesis of tetrahydroisoquinoline-fused spirooxindoles as Ras-GTP inhibitors that inhibit colon adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and invasion
Authors: Zhao Qian , Peng Cheng , Huang Hua , Liu Shuai-Jiang , Zhong Ya-Jun , Huang Wei , He Gu , Han Bo
Published: July 2018

We report the synthesis of a library of chiral THIQ-fused spirooxindoles. The most potent compound inhibits Ras-GTP, ultimately leading to mitochondrial apoptosis.
Structural diversity, magnetic properties, and luminescence sensing of five 3D coordination polymers derived from designed 3,5-di(2′,4′-dicarboxylphenyl)benozoic acid
Authors: Fan Liming , Zhang Yujuan , Liang Jinfang , Wang Xiaoqing , Lv Hongxiao , Wang Jiang , Zhao Li , Zhang Xiutang
Published: July 2018

Five 3D CPs were constructed from a designed π-conjugated aromatic pentacarboxylate with diverse structures.
Short-range ion dynamics in methylammonium lead iodide by multinuclear solid state NMR and127I NQR
Authors: Senocrate Alessandro , Moudrakovski Igor , Maier Joachim
Published: July 2018

Extensive NMR measurements reveal ion dynamics in CH3NH3PbI3. Fast, bi-axial reorientation of CH3NH3+identified, alongside strong nuclear Pb–I coupling.
Changing relations between proteins and osmolytes: a choice of nature
Authors: Rani Anjeeta , Venkatesu Pannuru
Published: July 2018

The stabilization and destabilization of the protein in the presence of any additive is mainly attributed to its preferential exclusion from protein surface and its preferential binding to the protein surface, respectively.
Partitioning of interaction-induced nonlinear optical properties of molecular complexes. I. Hydrogen-bonded systems
Authors: Zaleśny Robert , Medved’ Miroslav , Góra Robert W. , Reis Heribert , Luis Josep M.
Published: July 2018

Interaction-induced electronic and vibrational (hyper)polarizabilities were decomposed into different interaction types (electrostatic, exchange, induction and dispersion).
Synthesis and crystal structures of salen-type Cu(ii) and Ni(ii) Schiff base complexes: application in [3+2]-cycloaddition and A3-coupling reactions
Authors: Agrahari Bhumika , Layek Samaresh , Ganguly Rakesh , Pathak Devendra D.
Published: July 2018

The synthesis and characterisation of two new salen-type Schiff base complexes of the type [Cu(L)]·0.5H2O and [Ni(L)], and their application in the synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles and propargylamines are described.
Magnesium/chloride co-doping of lithium vanadium phosphate cathodes for enhanced stable lifetime in lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Sun Shuting , Li Ruhong , Mu Deying , Lin Zeyu , Ji Yuanpeng , Huo Hua , Dai Changsong , Ding Fei
Published: July 2018

Combining XRD with 31P NMR, it is demonstrated that the Mg and Cl atoms of the new Mg and Cl co-doped Li3V2(PO4)3/C material occupy V and O sites in its structure, respectively.
Correction: Hydrazone-Pd-catalyzed direct intermolecular reaction of o-alkynylphenols with allylic acetates
Authors: Watanabe Kohei , Mino Takashi , Ishikawa Eri , Masuda Chihiro , Yoshida Yasushi , Sakamoto Masami
Published: July 2018

Correction for ‘Hydrazone-Pd-catalyzed direct intermolecular reaction of o-alkynylphenols with allylic acetates’ by Kohei Watanabe et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2018, 16, 575–584.
Stalling for solving slow server problem
Authors: Kaklauskas Liudvikas , Sakalauskas Leonidas , Denisovas Vitalijus
Published: July 2018

The model of stalling in queueing system (QS) with two heterogeneous severs is considered, the probabilities of steady states by means of Tchebyshev polynomials of second order are derived. The obtained expressions are stable numerically, their complexity does not depend on the number of states, and they enable us to study QS characteristics analytically. Optimization of a stalling buffer is considered as well and it was shown that stalling helps us to solve the slow server problems under an appropriate choice of stalling buffer size, making a slow server usable under various values of system load. Asymptotic conditions of optimal query distribution in servers are established, when the ratio of capacities of fast and slow channels is increasing. Application of the model developed in computer networks is discussed as well.
Répéter, redire, reformuler : analyse plurisémiotique de conférences TEDx
Authors: Sinte Aurélie
Published: July 2018

Cette proposition s’inscrit dans un large projet d’analyse des reformulations multimodales (RM) dans la construction du discours : décrire les relations qu’entretiennent trois canaux sémiotiques multimodaux (la parole (S1), la gestualité co-verbale (S2) et les supports de présentation (S3)) dans des discours scientifiques. L’objectif est de décrire comment les reformulations multimodales participent au caractère performant du discours, à la construction de sa cohérence. Les RM sont étudiées du point de vue interne à chaque système sémiotique (S1, S2, S3) et du point de vue du croisement d’un système à l’autre (rapport S1/S2, S1/S3, S2/S3 et S1/S2/S3). L’analyse en cours s’opère comme suit : repérage des passages où se trouvent des RM et les canaux mobilisés, annotation des données, analyse quantitative et qualitative des RM et des croisements, identification des paradigmes d’utilisation (des prestations sans RM à celles qui exploitent abondamment les croisements sur les 3 niveaux). Contrairement à ce qui a été avancé par d’autres, mon hypothèse est qu’il ne s’agit pas de deux (voire trois) discours distincts et simultanés. Je considère que la linéarité (de S1 d’une part, de S3 d’autre part) et la simultanéité des trois sources d’information (S1, S2 et S3) s’entrecroisent dans la construction d’un discours unique mais plurisémiotique.
Expression du mal-être dans des récits de vie de détenteurs de vidéos pédopornographiques
Authors: Pugniere-Saavedra Frédéric
Published: July 2018

À travers des récits de vie qui reconfigurent des réalités sociales vécues de locuteurs qui détiennent et qui diffusent des documents vidéos pédopornographiques, nous organiserons notre étude selon le continuum suivant : après une présentation de ce corpus dit sensible et du groupe de paroles en tant que dispositif mobilisé, nous aborderons le coeur de notre étude avec deux focales portant sur les régularités énonciatives d’une part et d’autre part sur les organisateurs de discours «que, mais» qui forgent la textualité de ce discours et qui participent à exprimer le mal être des locuteurs.
Étude argumentative du discours religieux extrémiste
Authors: Hussein Hayame
Published: July 2018

Notre recherche vise à étudier les stratégies rhétoriques qui rendent le discours daechien persuasif aux yeux de certains jeunes français, ce en analysant le numéro 7 de leur revue Dar Al Islam. Notre étude se déroule sur quatre étapes : d’abord, nous présentons l'auditoire auquel s’adresse le discours daechien : quelle doxa cet auditoire partage-t-il avec l’énonciateur ? De même, nous analysons le rôle important que joue la preuve pathétique (pathos) dans le processus de persuasion de l’auditoire. Ensuite, nous montrons l’emploi que font les daechiens de l’argument d’autorité, notamment l’autorité citée : à quel point ont-ils recours aux stratégies de sélection, de reformulation et d'interprétation en citant des versets du Coran et des hadiths ? Enfin, nous étudions l’argument d’analogie auquel les daechiens ont recours pour justifier leurs actes terroristes.
De présidentiable à président : évolution de l’image de François Hollande
Authors: Sandré Marion
Published: July 2018

Cet article propose l’analyse de l’image de l’acteur politique, en croisant les notions d’éthos et de présentation de soi, telles qu’elles sont utilisées en analyse du discours et en analyse des interactions. Il s’agit de montrer comment l’image est construite par les discours de et les discours sur l’acteur politique. Les différentes étapes sont illustrées par le parcours politique de François Hollande, en tant que présidentiable, puis en tant que président. Il s’agit d’analyser dans un premier temps comment il élabore sa propre image, dans et par son discours et par son comportement; et dans un second temps, comment cette image est également construite par d’autres locuteurs, qu’ils soient alliés ou adversaires politiques, instances médiatiques ou citoyennes, qui participent aussi pleinement à l’élaboration de l’image publique de l’acteur politique. Nous verrons plus précisément certains traits importants de l’image de François Hollande, et comment ils se sont développés et ont été négociés par les différents locuteurs : le président « normal », son humour, son respect des citoyens ou encore certaines critiques ou compliments dont il a été l’objet.
Le marqueur par exemple en français parlé au Cameroun
Authors: Simeu Simplice
Published: July 2018

Le présent travail de recherche décrit et analyse le fonctionnement de par exemple dans lin corpus de français parlé au Cameroun. Nous avons basé nos analyses principalement sur des enregistrements radiophoniques que nous avons complétés avec des écrits numériques du quotidien. Nous avons relevé deux des trois fonctions de par exemple qui sont présentes dans la littérature. Il s'est agi d'une part, du pointage qui opère au sem d iuie catégorie (exemplification ou pointage mtra-catégoriel) et, d'autre part, du pointage qui n'obéit à aucune catégorie mais qui s'intéresse à la subjectivité de l'énonciateur et à la manière dont elle transparaît dans le discours, seul manque le pointage extra-catégoriel. De manière générale, l'utilisation du marqueur par exemple dans la variété de français parlé au Cameroun montre qu'il s'agit d'un continuum, c'est-à-dire que par exemple peut se déplacer du plan de l'énoncé vers celui de l'énonciation.
La francophonie aristocratique russe au XIXe siècle dans les journaux intimes féminins
Authors: Debrenne Michèle , Makarova Tatiana
Published: July 2018

L’article analyse le niveau de maitrise du français tel qu’il est manifesté dans les cahiers intimes d’une princesse russe, écrits en français entre 1830 et 1848. Nous analyserons tout d’abord les marques transcodiques typiques du code switching et leur fonctionnement dans le texte, puis les erreurs de langage relevées dans les 5 cahiers analysés, qui représentent plus de 1000 pages manuscrites. Nous arriverons à la conclusion que le niveau de langue de la diariste et de son entourage était très élevé, très faiblement marqué par des interférences avec la langue maternelle.