bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prácticas deportivas y ocio en el parque lineal Periférico Oriente en Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, 2020-2022
Authors: Mendez Atempa Jonni , Avila Reyes Maria Guadalupe
Published: April 2024

Las prácticas deportivas y el ocio son elementos necesarios para la sociabilización y el bienestar físico y emocional de las personas, sobre todo en las grandes ciudades latinoamericanas donde los espacios públicos dedicados a la realización de estas actividades son cada vez más escasos e insuficientes ante el crecimiento urbano. Por lo anterior, la presente investigación analiza las prácticas deportivas y de ocio que se presentan en el parque lineal Periférico Oriente a partir de su renovación, así como la infraestructura del lugar para conocer si responde a las necesidades de la población o no, y si el parque es un espacio de recreación, encuentro e integración social. Para ello, se utilizó la observación directa como método etnográfico, la cual permitió indagar en los distintos usos y formas de apropiación que los diferentes usuarios hacen del parque, y se realizaron encuestas a los usuarios y entrevistas semiestructuradas a los instructores de las prácticas deportivas. En ambos instrumentos se abordaron los siguientes rubros: datos generales, seguridad, equipamiento y mantenimiento del parque, los usos, prácticas deportivas y de ocio, y lo que representa el parque. Se identificó que la renovación del parque lineal ha permitido una apropiación del lugar a través de nuevas prácticas deportivas como la calistenia, la danza aérea, el patinaje y el futbol, y de otras actividades recreativas y de ocio como las caminatas, los juegos infantiles, el descanso, la convivencia, el cine, la música y talleres. Todo esto ha repercutido en la vida de las personas que son parte de ese espacio.
Los organismos deportivos internacionales: la FIFA y el COI vistos a través de la geografía política
Authors: Celis Galindo Dante Guillermo , Montes Vega Octavio Augusto
Published: April 2024

La Federación Internacional de Futbol Asociación (FIFA) y el Comité Olímpico internacional (COI) son dos organismos deportivos internacionales con un funcionamiento instrumental dentro de las grandes corporaciones internacionales. También poseen injerencia en los Estados nacionales mediante la generación de discursos ecológicos y fondos de inversión en obra pública, lo que los lleva a ser una pieza clave en la producción de espacios de capital. Las empresas deportivas se han convertido en un actor fundamental para entender los mecanismos de enajenación social y cultural para muchos miembros de la clase trabajadora, pero esto no sería entendible sin las organizaciones internacionales del deporte que funcionan como intermediarios entre las empresas y el pueblo consumidor. La geografía política, en su vertiente crítica, resulta crucial para el análisis en este proceso de producción del espacio que genera este proceso de intermediación entre las empresas deportivas, los organismos institucionales y los consumidores del deporte profesional. Para ello, se realizó una metodología inductiva, ya que el trabajo se desprende de una investigación sobre el papel de los organismos internacionales en los países organizadores de megaeventos deportivos.
Trialéctica de un espacio deportivo: Strong Girls
Authors: Cortés Romero Edith , Valenzuela Ornelas Elizabeth
Published: April 2024

La siguiente propuesta tiene como propósito presentar el programa Strong Girls que busca dar a conocer la participación de las mujeres en el deporte, así como mostrar a qué barreras y desafíos se enfrentan en el deporte femenil. Para lo cual el enfoque teórico está basado en la trialéctica de Edward Soja, al investigar el espacio, tiempo y sociedad, en relación con la participación de las mujeres en el deporte, y cómo Strong Girls utiliza el streaming como medio para promover la igualdad de género y aumentar la visibilidad de las mujeres deportistas. Para la metodología, se retomó a Strong Girls como estudio de caso, y se utilizó una combinación de métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos para recopilar datos de los programas y analizar la difusión deportiva, retomando experiencias de deportes individuales y de equipo. Los hallazgos del proyecto son: la identificacion de las barreras a que enfrentan las mujeres, como son los estereotipos de genero, falta de oportunidades y discriminación; otro es, cómo Strong Girls es un espacio inlcusivo, de apoyo, al propiciar redes y compartir experiencias entre deportistas, para superar obstáculos. Asimismo, cómo el programa durante tres años ha podido mostrar el papel de las mujeres deportistas, promoviendo la visibilidad de los deportes que practican e impulsando el conocimiento de todo lo que conlleva el deporte.
Música clássica e estilo no cinema de Hong Sang-soo
Authors: Alvim Luíza Beatriz
Published: April 2024

A música clássica europeia está muito presente na educação formal no Leste Asiático e é ouvida em vários filmes do cineasta sul-coreano Hong Sang-soo. É um repertório do gosto dele, como relatado em entrevistas e o diretor opera ativamente na criação e escolha da música na maioria dos seus filmes, procedimento que corresponde ao conceito de Gorbman (2007) de “música de autor”. Hong tem sido bastante estudado por sua narrativa, definida por Medeiros (2018) como paramétrica a partir de Bordwell, mas, neste trabalho, concentramo-nos na música, com análise fílmica de três longas-metragens que têm relação com o Romantismo musical e pictórico europeu. Tais relações são demonstradas em trechos dos filmes com uso de música clássica. Em Filha de ninguém (2013), a música de Beethoven é parte da estrutura paramétrica. Em Na praia à noite sozinha (2017), a música de Schubert marca momentos estruturais chaves e de melancolia. Nesses dois filmes, relacionamos as imagens dos momentos de música com pinturas do romântico alemão Caspar David Friedrich. Em Silvestre (2018), Schubert e Wagner estão ao fundo de conversas tensas, havendo relações entre os movimentos da conversa e os da música.
Breves notas sobre uma pedagogia marxista
Authors: Silva Vladmir Luis da
Published: April 2024

Nosso objetivo neste trabalho é traçar um quadro geral da pedagogia histórico-crítica, destacando seus principais momentos e características, a fim de compreender e explicitar sua essência. Tomamos como objeto de nossa leitura imanente alguns textos do principal formulador da corrente pedagógica em questão, a saber, o professor Dermeval Saviani. Ainda que não constitua uma investigação minuciosa do já imenso manancial de textos e práticas referentes à pedagogia histórico-crítica, nossa contribuição talvez possa ajudar na visualização de seus contornos gerais e de seu fio condutor. Assim, ainda que de modo singelo, pretendemos contribuir na divulgação e investigação de uma vertente pedagógica bastante importante nas disputas em torno dos caminhos da educação brasileira.
Ensino médio integrado e gestão democrática
Authors: Araújo Rosiene Silva de , Meirelles Nelson Vieira da Silva
Published: April 2024

Refletir sobre educação conduz a uma análise das formas como os homens se relacionam entre si e com a natureza, posto que o modo de produção de cada momento histórico determina uma estrutura educacional específica. Enquanto construção histórica, percebe-se também variações dentro de um mesmo sistema econômico, numa perspectiva de educação mais inclusiva ou mais excludente, a depender da correlação de forças entre as classes sociais existentes. Neste sentido, apesar de a formação integral, politécnica ou omnilateral se apresentar como uma proposta de educação que só pode ser plenamente atingida em uma sociedade na qual a classe trabalhadora detenha o poder político, é possível, ainda dentro do sistema de domínio do capital, encontrar o germe de tal formação: o Ensino Médio Integrado (EMI). Constituem suas dimensões formativas o trabalho, a ciência e a cultura; numa articulação entre teoria e prática. Este artigo objetiva discutir um pouco sobre a importância do conselho de escola nessa travessia para uma formação integral, materializada no EMI, a partir de leituras bibliográficas. Entendemos que o órgão, ao permitir que a comunidade escolar delibere sobre aspectos pedagógicos, financeiros e administrativos da instituição escolar, constitui-se num laboratório de cidadania, numa oficina que une a teoria (conteúdos sobre cidadania) à prática. Concluímos afirmando que a escola que pretende formar o sujeito na sua integralidade, deve estimulá-lo a participar dos processos decisórios, compreendendo-o como cidadão do futuro e do presente.
Reflection on 60 Years of Psychiatric Advancement: from Alcoholism to Archives of Psychiatry Research
Authors: Karlović Dalibor , Peitl Vjekoslav
Published: April 2024

An editorial on the first 60 years of history of Archives of Psychiatry Research.
Attitudes towards Medication Intake in Patients with Mental Illness are influenced by Their Own and Relatives’ Beliefs about Medication
Authors: Anand Bhogaraju , Amreen Deenaz , Parvathaneni Anuj , Korem Anusha , Muchipalli Prashanthi , Iftikharuddi Shaik , Sultana Sameena
Published: April 2024

Aim: In patients with psychiatric illness, beliefs and attitudes towards psychotropic medications influence their treatment adherence, in turn on treatment outcomes. Purpose: We examined the components of a relative’s beliefs about medication influencing the components of the patient’s beliefs about medication that in turn influences drug taking attitudes. Subjects and Methods: Patients and their relatives attending Psychiatry department who consented were both administered BMQ (Beliefs about Medication questionnaire). For patients, Drug attitude Inventory (DAI) was administered. Medication adherence was ascertained. Pearson’s correlation on the Patient’s BMQ sub-scales, relatives BMQ sub-scales and DAI was done. Multiple linear Regression analysis with Relatives and Patient BMQ sub scale on DAI was done. A mediation analysis to assess strengths of Direct and Indirect effects on the dependent variable as DAI was done. Results: 79 subjects participated in the study. Mediation analysis showed that DAI is directly negatively influenced by the Patient’s BMQ specific concern, coefficient (- 0.99), 95 % CI (-1.44, -0.55) and positively by patient’s BMQ specific necessity coefficient (0.55), 95 % CI (0.22, 0.88). Total indirect effect of Pt. Specific concerns through pt. specific necessity on DAI was coefficient (0.24), 95 % CI (0.05, 0.53). Patient specific concerns are in turn influenced by relatives specific concern, coefficient (0.43), 95 % CI (0.202, 0.507) and relative’s specific necessity, coefficient (0.295, 05 % CI [0.117, 0.387). Conclusion: Patient’s with high concerns about medication have more negative attitude towards medication intake which are in turn influenced by relative’s concerns and need for medication intake. Identification of such targets could help in counseling about medication use.
Predicting the Outcome of First Episode Psychosis Subjects by Assessing Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Volume
Authors: Arathil Praveen , Bansal Rahul , Kuruppath Arun
Published: April 2024

Aim: Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), Neurological Soft Signs (NSS) and Cognitive impairment have been described as predictors of outcome of First Episode Psychosis (FEP), therefore we aimed to find the predictors of clinical, social and functional outcome variables in a cohort of first episode non affective psychotic subjects. Subjects and Methods: A prospective follow up study was conducted from August 2018 to August 2020 in a tertiary care hospital of South India. A semi-structured questionnaire was given to all subjects for socio-demographic details. All subjects were assessed with Heidelberg scale, Bender Gestalt Test (BGT) and underwent MRI Brain 3D volumetric scan to examine NSS, cognitive impairment, and DLPFC volume at baseline respectively. Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale scales (SOFAS) were administered at baseline, 1 month and at three month follow up. At 3 months, clinical and socio-functional outcome was defined by BPRS scores and SOFAS scores. Pearson’s correlation was found between DLPFC volume of all subjects, BPRS, BGT scores at baseline with BPRS and SOFAS at 3 months. To test the statistical significance of the comparison of mean values of all continuous clinical and demographic parameters between two groups of BPRS and SOFAS, Mann Whitney U test was used. Results: Smaller DLPFC volume predicted clinical, socio-functional outcome significantly. A significant moderate correlation was found between NSS and BPRS scores at baseline. Conclusion: Baseline right DLPFC volume can be an important predictor of clinical and socio-functional outcome in FEP.
Considering Parents of Malignant ill Children in COVID-19 Health Crisis
Authors: Buljan Flander Gordana , Stepan Giljević Jasminka , Roje Đapić Mia , Lulić Sara
Published: April 2024

Aim: Parents of children suffering from malignant diseases indubitably represent a very dainty population, underrepresented in psychosocial research. It is common for these parents to move to the hospital wards in order to support their children, which causes an unnatural cut in their lifeline, in addition to coping with terrifying diagnosis. Coping with a child’s malignant disease includes a continuous feeling of fear and concern, and change in the overall family dynamics, but also the cessation of daily life activities, even outside the context of a global pandemic, some pre-COVID research had shown. COVID-19 brought some additional challenges. In order to protect children’s fragile physical state, parents were obliged to adapt to new rules and distance from the others even more. At the same time, their fears and worries grew only bigger and coping mechanisms were seriously limited. Subjects and Methods: In this paper we investigate parental experiences and needs during COVID-19 crisis. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with ten mothers with experience of children’s in-patient treatment before and during pandemics. Results: According to main findings, theoretical model of parental adjustment and wellbeing in health crisis is proposed. Conclusion: Results imply the necessity to consider parental psychological wellbeing in order to support them and their children, especially when additional stressful and/or traumatic experiences emerge, and treat them as especially vulnerable group in research and practice.
Advancing strategies on green H2 production via water electrocatalysis: bridging the benchtop research with industrial scale-up
Authors: Zhang Yanzhao , Yao Dazhi , Liu Jinzhe , Wang Zhiliang , Wang Lianzhou
Published: April 2024

Water splitting provides clean hydrogen via different technologies such as alkaline water electrolysis, proton exchange membrane electrolyzers, solid oxide electrolysis cells, and photoelectrolysis, each with advantages and challenges. The focus on alkaline water electrolysis highlights its maturity compared to emerging methods. Non-noble metal catalysts offer increased stability, low cost and operational lifespan. Challenges such as low current density, gas crossover, corrosive electrolytes, and limited efficiency are still to be addressed. These advanced electrocatalysts are summarized for alkaline oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions. Meanwhile, different factors including product gas bubble management, operation conditions, separator and electrolyte affecting the performance were concluded and discussed. For the promising approach, seawater splitting is still far from large-scale application. Salinity, pH fluctuations, and complex composition are significant obstacles. The review underscores the need for improvements in electrocatalysts to enhance the efficiency, stability, and practicality of water splitting for hydrogen production, ultimately contributing to the growth of the clean hydrogen market and supporting the transition to sustainable energy systems.
Comparison of different drought monitoring indices in different climatic conditions in Iran
Authors: Rahnama Samir , Shahidi Ali , Yaghoobzadeh Mostafa , Mehran Ali Akbar
Published: April 2024

This study evaluates drought in different climate zones (Rasht, Shiraz, and Birjand) in Iran, using meteorological, agricultural, and remote sensing drought indices. For this purpose, NDVI, SAVI, and SR were extracted from Landsat images for 2002 and 2014-2020. Then, these indices were compared with the SPI, SPEI, and PDSI. The results indicate an increase in drought and a decrease in vegetation cover in the study area. In Rasht, where the vegetation cover is high, NDVI and SAVI were equal. In Shiraz and Birjand, where the soil effect is more significant, the distance between these two indices increased, which shows that SAVI performs better than NDVI for Shiraz and Birjand. The results also show that the drought severity could grow with decreasing rainfall and more water demand due to temperature increases, according to SPI, SPEI, and PDSI criteria. The comparison of drought indices showed that the highest correlations were between NDVI plus SAVI and SPI in Rasht, SR and SPEI in Shiraz, and NDVI and SPEI in Birjand. Based on the results of the Mann-Kendall test, the increasing trend of drought in the studied area is confirmed based on the SPI, SPEI, and PDSI. Therefore, it is suggested that remote sensing techniques combined with drought indices can be considered a suitable tool for optimal management of water resources, land use planning, and reduction of costs due to drought.
iTP-Seq: a scalable profiling method to study context-dependent translational events in vitro
Authors: Gillard Mélanie , Innis C. Axel
Published: April 2024

Uneven translation rates resulting from the mRNA context, nascent amino acid sequence, or a variety of extraneous factors are key to controlling the expression level, folding, and regulation of the proteome. Although ribosome profiling (Ribo-Seq) is the method of choice to provide genome-wide information on protein synthesis in vivo, tools to systematically study this process in vitro are also needed. To this end, we developed inverse toeprinting coupled to next-generation sequencing (iTP-seq), a scalable profiling method that generates ribosome-protected mRNA fragments without a priori knowledge of the translated sequences (Ref. 1: Seip et al. 2018, Life Science Alliance). Protected mRNA fragments obtained by iTP-Seq consist of the entire coding region upstream of stalled ribosomes, making it possible to work with random or focused transcript libraries rather than sequenced genomes onto which short mRNA footprints must be mapped. We have used iTP-seq to investigate the context dependence of ribosome-targeting antibiotics (Ref. 2: Beckert et al. 2021, Nature Communications; Ref 3: Leroy et al. 2023, Nature Chemical Biology). More generally, iTP-Seq could be used to study any ribosome-related process in which the mRNA sequence or context impact the rate of translation.
Here, we present a reproducible protocol for iTP-Seq, which substantially reduces the time and effort required to generate sequencing libraries. This protocol consists in 12 main steps: DNA library amplification, in vitro transcription, 5'end mRNA biotinylation, in vitro translation, RNase R digestion, retention on straptavidin-coated beads, linker ligation, reverse transcription, second-strand syntesis, restriction enzyme digestion, PCR amplification and NGS-adapters addition. The time required to complete a single round of iTP-seq is approximately 10 days (Figure 1: Method overview).
Evaluation of Interventions in Online Grocery Shopping for Sustainability and Health: An Adaptive Design Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bentil Helena , Oyebode Oyinlola , Rens Thijs van
Published: April 2024

Effective interventions are needed to promote more sustainable and healthier food choices for both human and planetary health. This study will evaluate two interventions in two independent adaptive design randomised controlled trials (one 2-arm and one 3-arm trial) within the same study population (a factorial design is not powered). The interventions are (i) eco-labelling, which will provide participants with information on the environmental impact of their food purchases using a score ranging from A (most sustainable) to G (least sustainable); and (ii) price discounts on alternative products with a better sustainability profile (and equal or better nutritional profile) in place of specific products in their basket. To implement these interventions, we will use a browser extension on online shopping websites for one or multiple large UK supermarkets, accessed using the Google Chrome browser on a desktop or laptop computer. We will assess the effect of these interventions on the average eco-score of the basket (primary outcome) as well as its nutritional content (secondary outcome). Health outcomes of the intervention will be modelled using nutrition scores.
Diminished lactate utilization in LDHB-deficient neurons leads to impaired long-term memory retention
Authors: Park Chan Bae
Published: April 2024

The brain's substantial energy consumption primarily arises from the continuous activity of its neurons, which are involved in information processing, transmission, and storage. The astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS) suggests that neurons preferentially utilize lactate over glucose due to its higher efficiency. Astrocytes are proposed to supply neurons with lactate through LDHA expression, while neurons predominantly express LDHB to facilitate lactate oxidation. In this study, LDHB-deficient neurons demonstrated reduced capacity to utilize lactate, which correlated with impaired long-term memory retention in LDHB-deficient mice. However, these mice retained normal short-term memory and showed no macroscopic brain anomalies or neuronal cell death. In a high-glucose environment, the energy metabolism of LDHB-deficient neurons remained typical, suggesting that lactate is not the sole or primary substrate for neuronal energy metabolism, with glucose and other substrates sufficiently supporting the requirements. The observed expression of LDHA in neurons further corroborates the glucose-driven energy metabolism in these cells
Distinct microbial hydrogen and reductant disposal pathways explain interbreed variations in ruminant methane yield
Authors: Wang Min , Li Qiushuang , Ma Zhiyuan , Huo Jiabin , Zhang Xiu Min , Wang Rong , Zhang Shizhe , Jiao Jin Zhen , Dong Xiyang , Janssen Peter , Ungerfeld Emilio , Greening Chris , Tan Zhiliang
Published: April 2024

Ruminants are important for global food security but are major sources of the greenhouse gas methane. Methane yield is controlled by the cycling of molecular hydrogen (H2), which is produced during carbohydrate fermentation and consumed by methanogenic, acetogenic, and respiratory microorganisms. However, we lack a holistic understanding of the mediators and pathways of H2 metabolism, and how this varies between ruminants with different methane-emitting phenotypes. Here we used metagenomic, metatranscriptomic, metabolomics, and biochemical approaches to compare H2 cycling and reductant disposal pathways between low-methane-yield Holstein and high-methane-yield Jersey dairy cattle. The microbiota of Holstein cattle disposed of reductant via propionate and amino acid production and expressed uptake [NiFe]-hydrogenases to use H2 to support sulfate and nitrate respiration. In contrast, Jersey microbiota primarily disposed of H2 through methanogenesis via methanogenic [NiFe]-hydrogenases and acetogenesis via [FeFe]-hydrogenases, resulting in enhanced methane and acetate production. These findings were supported by two in vitro measurements of microbiota activities and metabolites, as well as public global rumen microbiome data from sheep and beef cattle. Overall, this study highlights the importance of promoting alternative H2 consumption and reductant disposal pathways for the synthesis of host-beneficial metabolites and the reduction of methane production in ruminants.
Increasing Drilling Efficiency: Rock Drillability Assessment with Improved Reliability Methods
Authors: Fattahi Hadi , Jiryaee Fateme
Published: April 2024

The assessment of a successful and cost-effective drilling operation hinges on the evaluation of the Drilling Rate Index (DRI). Moreover, the DRI's value, subject to fluctuations driven by various rock parameters, remains beyond control, introducing an element of unpredictability. Consequently, deterministic methods prove inadequate for the analysis of rock drillability. Nonetheless, the reliability analysis, which incorporates the uncertainty surrounding these parameters while addressing the problem, offers the advantage of providing assessments that better align with real-world conditions. In this study, rock drillability was appraised by employing various reliability methods, including the First Order Reliability Method (FORM), Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS), and the Second Order Reliability Method (SORM). Additionally, Genetic Algorithm (GA) was employed in the optimization processes associated with these methods. A critical aspect within reliability methods concerns the definition of the Limit State Function (LSF), which, in this context, is articulated using the Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) neural network approach, yielding an explicit function. In this approach, the random variables include Brazilian Tensile Strength (BTS), Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS), axial point load strength index (Is(50)↓), diametral point load strength index (Is(50)→), and Shore Scleroscope Hardness (SSH), while the DRI serves as the output parameter. To evaluate the efficacy of the proposed reliability methods, field datasets from previously published literature were employed. Lastly in this paper, according to the US Army Corps of Engineers, the probability of failure (PF) calculated using the FORM, SORM, and MCS methods is low.
Shaking table tests of a one-quarter scale model of concrete hollow block masonry houses retrofitted with fiber-reinforced paint
Authors: Multazam Zamzam , Yamamoto Kenjiro , Timsina Kishor , Gadagamma Chaitanya Krishna , Meguro Kimiro
Published: April 2024

Unreinforced Masonry (URM) buildings are prone to significant damage when subjected to ground motion. Some strengthening methods have been proposed to increase the seismic capacity. However, the widespread adoption of these methods faces various challenges, including economic constraints experienced by common people in developing countries, the complexity of implementation, efficiency, and seismic safety of each technique. This paper introduces a new retrofitting method of fiber-reinforced paint using fiberglass as the primary reinforcing material. The advantage of this technique lies in its simplicity and ease of application, with the added benefit of using the paint to improve the appearance of the house. Two 1:4 scale Concrete Hollow Block (CHB) masonry houses were constructed to represent unreinforced masonry and retrofitted masonry structures using Fiber-Reinforced Paint (FR-Paint). The shake table test results indicate that the retrofitted house model showed improvements of up to 18 times in deformation capacity and up to 13 times in energy dissipation compared to the non-retrofitted model. FR-Paint has a robust performance even in high input motion at a seismic intensity JMA of 7 (Japan Meteorological Agency). This confirms that this retrofitting method has a high earthquake-resistant performance.
GPT-4 Performance on Querying Scientific Publications: Reproducibility, Accuracy, and Impact of an Instruction Sheet
Authors: Tao Kaiming , Osman Zachary A. , Tzou Philip L. , Rhee Soo-Yon , Ahluwalia Vineet , Shafer Robert W.
Published: April 2024

Background: Large language models (LLMs) that could efficiently screen and identify studies fulfilling specific criteria, as well as those capable of data extraction from publications, would streamline literature reviews and enhance knowledge discovery by lessening the burden on human reviewers.
Methods: We created an automated pipeline utilizing OpenAI GPT-4 32K API version “2023-05-15” to evaluate the accuracy of the LLM GPT-4 when responding to queries about published papers on HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) with and without an instruction sheet. The instruction sheet contained specialized knowledge designed to assist a person trying to answer questions about an HIVDR paper. We designed 60 questions pertaining to HIVDR and created markdown versions of 60 published HIVDR papers in PubMed. We presented the 60 papers to GPT-4 in four configurations: (1) all 60 questions simultaneously; (2) all 60 questions simultaneously with the instruction sheet; (3) each of the 60 questions individually; and (4) each of the 60 questions individually with the instruction sheet.
Results: GPT-4 achieved a mean accuracy of 86.9% – 24.0% higher than when the answers to papers were permuted. The overall recall and precision were 72.5% and 87.4%, respectively. The standard deviation of three replicates for the 60 questions ranged from 0 to 5.3% with a median of 1.2%. The instruction sheet did not significantly increase GPT-4’s accuracy, recall, or precision. GPT-4 was more likely to provide false positive answers when the 60 questions were submitted individually compared to when they were submitted together.
Conclusions: GPT-4 reproducibly answered 3600 questions about 60 papers on HIVDR with moderately high accuracy, recall, and precision. The inability of the instruction sheet to increase these metrics suggests that more sophisticated prompt engineering approaches or the finetuning of an open source model are required to further improve the ability of an LLM to answer questions about highly specialized HIV drug resistance papers.
Class size and its influence on examination results in higher education
Authors: Abrahamsen Eirik Bjorheim , Moen Vegard , Asche Frank
Published: April 2024

In this article, we analyze the relationship between class sizes and examination results in higher education. Data from the University of Stavanger, collected in the Common Student System (FS) in the period from 2011 to 2021 shows that there is a clear correlation between the number of students enrolled on courses and examination results. An increased number of students taking a course negatively affects the examination results. We also show that the difference in examination results for different class sizes decreases when the course level increases.
Evaluating the effect of targeted knowledge sharing on blood donation awareness and practices among secondary school students: A quasi-experimental study in Eastern Uganda
Authors: Kiwanuka Suzanne N , Akulume Martha , Nankya Florence R , Kisakye Angela N
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Secondary school going students in Uganda are the biggest source of blood donated, contributing about 95% to the country’s supplies. However, students are hesitant to donate blood due to inadequate knowledge and misinformation. During the COVID 19 lockdown in Uganda, blood stock outs reached a critical level emphasizing the need to build awareness among potential donors. We packaged, shared and evaluated the effect of context appropriate information, education and communication materials on blood donation in order to increase awareness and blood donation practices among secondary school students.
Methods: We conducted a single group before and after study among students in four secondary schools in Jinja and Mayuge district. First, we conducted a baseline survey to assess the students’ knowledge, willingness and blood donation practices. We then shared information, education and communication materials both virtually and in print (i.e., videos, blogs and fact sheets) on the different aspects of blood donation with the students. After three months we conducted an end-line survey to determine if there was change in knowledge and practices from baseline to end-line. Data were entered using Microsoft Access and analysed in STATA 14.
Results: We included 1,192 students. The proportion of students who were knowledgeable about blood donation significantly increased from 28.3% at the baseline to 42.9% at end-line (X2 p-value = 0.000). However, there was no significant difference in the proportion of students who donated blood at baseline and end-line (23.4% at baseline and 20.4% at end-line, X2 p-value = 0.298). Factors associated with knowledge about blood donation at end-line included level of education [PR=1.37 (1.05, 1.79), p-value = 0.019] and access to internet [PR=1.61 (1.61, 2.24), p-value = 0.004]. Those who knew someone who had ever donated blood were more likely to donate blood at end-line [PR = 4.85 (1.78, 13.19), p-value = 0.002].
Conclusion: Using contextually relevant and age-appropriate ICE materials increases awareness about blood donation in secondary schools. Use of champions (former donors) and appropriate channels for communication such as online platforms and former donors can enhance awareness. A prolonged period of awareness creation and opportunities to donate is required to demonstrate change in donation practices.
Energy Imbalance in the Sunlit Ocean Layer
Authors: Forget Gael
Published: April 2024

The sunlit ocean layer (SOL), above 200m depth, is where marine life is most abundant and critical climate feedbacks are enabled. Satellite and in-situ temperature data make it evident that this crucial ocean layer is already reacting to global warming, as underscored recently by unprecedented peaks in marine heat waves. Yet, the SOL heat budget is not well understood, globally or regionally, as it remains difficult to estimate processes that control it from observations alone. Here we resolve this issue using an ocean reanalysis and provide the first operational definition of SOL’s energy imbalance (SOL-EI), as a heat budget anomaly relative to the 1981-2010 period. Our estimate of SOL-EI shows that it amounts to a relatively small imbalance between air-sea heat flux and ocean heat transports. Further analysis reveals a recent, tenfold increase in SOL-EI by comparing 2013-2022 with the previous decade, which could have catastrophic environmental consequences.
Targeted proteomic approach for quantification of Collagen type I and type III in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue
Authors: Rosin Nicole L. , Winstone Tara M.L. , Kelley Margaret , Biernaskie Jeff , Dufour Antoine , Orton Dennis J.
Published: April 2024

Collagen is the most abundant protein in mammals and a major structural component of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Changes to ECM composition occur as a result of numerous physiological and pathophysiological causes, and a common means to evaluate these changes is the collagen 3 (Col3) to collagen 1 (Col1) ratio. Current methods to measure the Col3/1 ratio suffer from a lack of specificity and often under- or over-estimate collagen composition and quantity. This manuscript presents a targeted liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for quantification of Col3 and Col1 in FFPE tissues. Using surrogate peptides to generate calibration curves, Col3 and Col1 are readily quantified in FFPE tissue sections with high accuracy and precision. The method is applied to several tissue types from both human and reindeer tissues, demonstrating its generalizability. In addition, the targeted LC-MS/MS method permits quantitation of the hydroxyprolinated form of Col3, which has significant implications for understanding not only the quantity of Col3 in tissue, but also understanding of the pathophysiology underlying many causes of ECM changes. This manuscript presents a straight forward, accurate, precise and generalizable method for quantifying the Col3/1 ratio in a variety of tissue types and organisms.
Winter wheat yield index insurance design based on multi-source remote sensing and meteorological observation data
Authors: Xue ZiYi , Tong Wang , Dong Wang , Yan Chen
Published: April 2024

This study utilizes Sentinel-2 satellite data, remote sensing time series data MOD13Q2, and daily meteorological data from the meteorological station in Weinan City, Shaanxi Province. The aim is to accurately extract winter wheat planting areas and construct a remote sensing index system that is highly correlated with winter wheat yield. The index system covers wheat in Weinan City and includes meteorological data throughout the growing period. A multi-source fusion data prediction model for winter wheat yield is established using multiple linear regression methods to explore the relationship between multi-source data and winter wheat yield. Additionally, a comprehensive model is designed to calculate the claim thresholds and actuarial pure rates for index insurance products with an accuracy of 10 meters. The output prediction error rate of the final model is within 11%, indicating that this product can effectively reduce the basis risk of index insurance, improve the spatial accuracy of rate determination, and provide valuable insights for future index product research.
WITHDRAWN: The Tectonic Inversion Prediction in Fold-and-thrust Belts by Using Numerical Modeling
Authors: Zaidi Syeda Fakiha Ali , Ahsan Naveed
Published: April 2024

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors in order to comply with an institutional policy on preprints. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference.
Novel FTA2 variants were observed in patients with restless legs syndrome via whole-exome sequencing
Authors: Li Zeheng , Zhang Yutong , Zhang Zhen , Zhou Hongjie , Xu Yu , Wang Suyu , Sun Jie
Published: April 2024

Background: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is often characterized by familial aggregation. Molecular genetic changes are closely related to the occurrence of the disease, but the key gene variations are unclear. Here, genetic changes were investigated in an RLS family.
Methods: 4 ml EDTA anticoagulant peripheral blood was collected from patients in a family with RLS, and genomic DNA was extracted. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed by the Illumina platform, and variants were distinguished by GATK haplotype caller software. Polyphen-2 and SIFT tools were used to analyze the effect of missense mutations on protein structure and function, and the HSF tool was used to analyze the effect of variants on splicing defects.
Results: Based on the RLS diagnostic criteria, 4 individuals were diagnosed with RLS in this family. Among them, three subjects underwent a WES examination, and two novel FAT2 variants were detected in all subjects: exon 6:c.4174g > A, p.Asp1392Asn and intron 19: c.11464-8C > G. The frequency of these two variants was extremely rare in the normal population database. Polyphen2 tool analysis results suggested c.4174G> A, p.Asp1392Asn, was identified as probably damaging with a 0.910 score (sensitivity: 0.69; specificity: 0.90); SIFT tool predicts that its risk factor score is −1.510 (＞ 2.5), which is considered neutral damage. For intron19: c.11464-8C > G,, although mutation occurred in the late intron position, no obvious splicing sequence change was predicted by the HSF software.
Conclusion: Two novel FAT2 variants were identified in three patients from an RLS family, of which exon 6: c.4174G > A was likely to damage protein function.
Shaping urban form for solar energy self-sufficiency city
Authors: Zhao Pengjun , Jin Yanxiu , Zhang Haoran , Liu Zhaoru , Yu Qing , Liu Zhengying , Guo Zhiling , Yan Da , Shibasaki Ryosuke , Yan Jinyue
Published: April 2024

The integration of renewable energy into cityscapes is becoming increasingly crucial to climate change since city is main sector of energy consumption. This research estimated daily changes in rooftop photovoltaic (PV) output and building energy demand across different seasons using 3D building data from 32 global cities, investigated the inherent link between urban form and photovoltaic self-sufficiency. We uncovered a universal power-law relationship between building height and PV self-sufficiency, where higher buildings result in nonlinearly decreasing PV sufficiency. Based on this, a highly accurate multiple regression model was constructed to simulate the PV self-sufficiency, incorporating key variables such as climate, geography, and urban form. This model stands out for its unique capability to be applied across varied urban contexts, accommodating the diverse conditions worldwide. Furthermore, our comparative analysis across four urban planning scenarios reveals that cities designed with the "Garden City" concept significantly outperform others in PV self-sufficiency, offering a quintuple increase in potential for solar energy harnessing, a finding especially pronounced in the context of African cities. These findings provide profound insights by suggesting that strategic urban planning could be a transformative tool in combating energy poverty and fostering sustainable urban development.
Retinal detachment without posterior vitreous detachment: Vitrectomy or scleral buckling?
Authors: Dimakopoulou Ioanna , Mylonas Georgios , Iby Johannes , Sedova Alexandra , Hollaus Marlene , Sacu Stefan , Georgopoulos Michael , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula
Published: April 2024

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness and safety of scleral buckling and pars plana vitrectomy in treating retinal detachment without posterior vitreous detachment.
Methods: A total of 88 eyes of 83 patients with retinal detachment without prior posterior vitreous detachment were investigated retrospectively. Group A comprised patients who underwent scleral buckling (n= 47) and Group B (n= 36) patients who were treated with pars plana vitrectomy. Anatomical success, postoperative visual acuity, and ocular adverse events were evaluated.
Results: The primary and final anatomical success rate showed a nonsignificant difference (p = 0.465 and p = 0.37 respectively). No significant difference was observed in the reoperation rate or development of epiretinal membrane between the groups (p = 0.288 and p = 0.254 respectively). However, scleral buckling resulted in significantly better visual acuity at the last follow-up (0.12 ± 0.23) compared to pars plana vitrectomy (0.37 ± 0.46, p = 0.001). The incidence of cataract progression was also significantly higher in the pars plana vitrectomy group (59%) compared to the scleral buckling group (6.1%, p < 0.001).
Conclusions: Scleral buckling and pars plana vitrectomy show similar success rates in treating retinal detachment without vitreous detachment. However, due to less cataract progression and better visual acuity outcomes, scleral buckling is recommended for these cases. Determining vitreous status before surgery is crucial for optimal outcomes.
Treatment of Femoral shaft fractures in Children: A Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Haiqing , Zhou Huidong , Meng Hongqi
Published: April 2024

Objective: This study aims to assess the efficacy of traction (plaster), intramedullary nail, plate, and external fixation in treating femoral shaft fractures in children using network meta-analysis to guide clinical decision-making.
Methods: From inception to April 29, 2022, PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for RCTs and cohort studies comparing treatments for femoral shaft fractures. STATA15.1 and Review Manager 5.4 software were used for data synthesis and quality evaluation.
Results: Finally, 29 studies were included. Network meta-analysis findings: (1) Traction (plaster), external fixation, and intramedullary nailing were superior to plate in operation length. (2) External fixation had the best outcomes in hospital stays, with no statistically significant differences among treatments. (3) Intramedullary nailing showed significant superiority over plate in blood loss. (4) Intramedullary nailing had the best Flynn score efficacy, but the differences were not statistically significant. (5) Intramedullary nailing and plate had significantly fewer adverse events than external fixation and traction (cast).
Conclusion: Comparing intramedullary nailing to traction (plaster), external fixation, and plate may enhance clinical outcomes of femoral shaft fractures in children. Intramedullary nailing may also reduce blood transfusion requirements and postoperative complications.
AMRBF-SS: Subset Simulation with Active Learning and Multiple Kernels Radial Basis Function for Small Failure Probability Prediction
Authors: Peng Changle , Chen Cheng , Guo Tong , Xu Weijie
Published: April 2024

Combining surrogate models with simulation methods is an effective way to address failure probability problems involving time-consuming computational models in structural reliability analysis. The radial basis function (RBF) has been widely used in the context of uncertainty quantiﬁcation owing to its flexibility, nonlinearity, computational efficiency, and ability to handle high-dimensional data. Multiple RBF kernel functions are integrated in this study with subset simulation (SS) to formulate the proposed AMRBF-SS method to efficiently solve the problems of small failures. The local uncertainty of the prediction is estimated and integrated into to formulate an active learning function. Various numerical and practical examples are considered to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed AMRBF-SS method provides an effective and efficient technique that can solve high-dimensional small-probability problems with similar accuracy levels but fewer evaluation times than other existing methods.
Strategically Optimized Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Model for Mobile Cognitive Radios
Authors: DasMahapatra Suddhendu , Maiti Madhusudan , Chowdhury Dibyendu , Bhattacharjee Pritam
Published: April 2024

To address the escalating demand for wireless spectrum, the Cognitive Radio (CR) technology offers a solution for efficiently utilizing the scarce radio frequency (RF) spectrum. Spectrum utilization efficiency of a CR network majorly rely on spectrum sensing. Despite the effectiveness of cooperative spectrum sensing, achieving maximum throughput still poses many challenges. The present research investigates a cooperative spectrum-sensing model involving mobile CRs. We have adopted a non-cooperative game-theoretic model to optimize the sensing strategy to improve the overall throughput. Through evaluating the influence of node mobility on key sensing parameters like false alarm probability and detection probability, valuable insights are acquired regarding the design of efficient spectrum sensing strategies for mobile cognitive radio networks. The key contributions of the research include the impact of node mobility on the sensing strategies of CRs within a cooperative network, for an extensive variety of network conditions. This study illuminates the design of efficient and adaptive spectrum sensing strategies for future mobile cognitive radio networks.
Heavy metals rejection from water by CMC complexation- PVDF ultrafiltration system: Box-Behnken design optimization
Authors: Al-Mutair M. , Kumar Rajeev , Al-Mur Bandar A. , Zubair Mukarram , Barakat M.A.
Published: April 2024

In this study, the rejection of three heavy metals (Pb, Zn, and Fe) was optimized using a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration membrane system combined with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a complexing agent. The fabricated PVDF membrane was characterized before and after filtration by FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDX to ascertain the physicochemical properties. The PVDF ultrafiltration system integrated with CMC complexation was modeled and evaluated for the removal of Pb, Zn, and Fe metal ions using the response surface methodology (RSM)- Box-Behnken design (BBD). The RSM- BBD design was applied to determine the influence of three independent experimental parameters, i.e., pH, metal ions concentration, and CMC dosage. The proposed RSM model better described the experimental results with high R2 values (> 0.90) for all three metal ions. The optimized process parameters obtained by RSM showed that the maximum rejection % of Pb (101.28), Zn (89.74), and Fe (99.05) was achieved at solution pH of 7.64, 6.72, and 4.23, with initial metal concentrations 27.62, 20.46, and 133.15 mg/L, and CMC dosage 1.99, 0.14, and 0.46 g/L, respectively. The PVDF-membrane integrated CMC ultrafiltration system demonstrated good reusability with a reduction of only 5, 40, and 31 % for Pb, Zn, and Fe, respectively, after three consecutive cycles. The results indicated that integration of CMC complexation with PVDF ultrafiltration system is a promising approach for enhanced rejection of heavy metals from water.