bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rethinking Anatomy: How to Overcome Challenges of Medical Education’s Evolution
Authors: Guimarães Bruno , Dourado Luís , Tsisar Stanislav , Diniz José Miguel , Madeira Maria Dulce , Ferreira Maria Amélia
Published: February 2017

Introduction: Due to scientific and technological development, Medical Education has been readjusting its focus and strategies. Medical curriculum has been adopting a vertical integration model, in which basic and clinical sciences coexist during medical instruction. This context favours the introduction of new complementary technology-based pedagogical approaches. Thus, even traditional core sciences of medical curriculum, like Anatomy, are refocusing their teaching/learning paradigm.Material and Methods: We performed a bibliographic review aiming to reflect on Medical Education’s current pedagogical trend, by analysing the advantages of the introduction and diversification of pedagogical approaches in Anatomy Education.Results: Anatomy Education’s status quo is characterized by: less available teaching time, increasing demands from radiology and endoscopy imaging and other invasive and non-invasive medical techniques, increasing number of medical students and other logistical restrains exposed by the current Medical Education scenario. The traditional learning approach, mainly based on cadaveric dissection, is drifting to complementary newer technologies - such as 3D models or 2D/3D digital imaging - to examine the anatomy of the human body. Also, knowledge transfer is taking different channels, as learning management systems, social networks and computer-assisted learning and assessment are assuming relevant roles.Discussion: The future holds promising approaches for education models. The development of Artificial Intelligence, Virtual Reality and Learning Analytics could provide analytic tools towards a real-time and personalized learning process.Conclusion: A reflection on Anatomy Education, as a comprehensive model, allows us to understand Medical Education’s complexity. Therefore, the present Medical Education context favours a blended learning approach, in which multi-modality pedagogical strategies may become the landmark.
Satisfação com o Internato Médico em Portugal
Authors: Bigotte Vieira Miguel , Godinho Pedro , Gaibino Nuno , Dias Raquel , Sousa Agostinho , Madanelo Inês , Ribeiro-Mourão Francisco , Brandão Mariana , Duarte Sónia , Meirinhos Tiago , Catarino Ana Luísa , Espírito Santo Cláudio , Caiado Ricardo , Marques Ricardo , Ferreira Ana Gonçalves , Ramalheira Carlos , Valente Jorge João , Losada Marta , Santos Mário , Oliveira Edson , Farias João Paulo , Silva José Manuel
Published: February 2017

Introdução: Nos últimos anos, o contexto global da formação médica, e em particular do Internato Médico em Portugal, sofreu profundas alterações. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar e caracterizar a satisfação dos médicos internos com a realização do Internato Médico em Portugal e identificar aspetos passíveis de melhoria.Material e Métodos: Foi utilizado como modelo de inquérito o questionário Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measuredesenvolvido no Reino Unido e dirigido a médicos internos, o qual foi traduzido e adaptado à realidade portuguesa. O questionário esteve disponível online durante os meses de abril e maio de 2016.Resultados: Foram obtidas 3456 respostas, correspondendo a uma taxa de resposta de 35%. Endocrinologia/Nutrição, Cardiologia, Anestesiologia, Medicina Geral e Familiar e Gastrenterologia foram as especialidades nas quais o grau de satisfação foi mais elevado,enquanto que Medicina Legal, Oncologia Médica, Medicina Interna, Cirurgia Geral e Pneumologia apresentaram o grau de satisfaçãomais baixo.Discussão: O presente estudo apresenta uma elevada taxa de resposta comparativamente com estudos prévios. A nível nacional, no global, os médicos internos apresentaram níveis elevados de satisfação, destacando-se marcadas assimetrias de acordo com o ano de especialidade, região, tipologia de instituição e de especialidade.Conclusão: Os resultados deste inquérito poderão constituir uma ferramenta de apoio à implementação de medidas de âmbito local enacional relacionadas com o Internato Médico, sendo desejável a realização regular de inquéritos de satisfação aos médico internos.
Educação Médica em Portugal
Authors: Ribeiro João Carlos , Donato Helena , Massano João , Marinho Rui Tato
Published: February 2017

N/A.
Carta ao Editor: Comentários a Ensino e Educação Médica
Authors: Da Mota Henrique Carmona
Published: February 2017

N/A.
Agradecimento aos Revisores da Acta Médica Portuguesa
Authors: Silva José Manuel , Marinho Rui Tato
Published: February 2017

N/a
A Novel Methods for Fracture Toughness Evaluation of Tool Steels with Post-Tempering Cryogenic Treatment
Authors: Sola Ramona , Giovanardi Roberto , Veronesi Paolo , Parigi Giovanni
Published: February 2017

The scratch test consists in pushing a tool across the surface of a material at a given penetration depth or applied load. It has several applications in Science and Engineering including strength testing, damage and quality control of thin films and coatings. Despite numerous attempts in scientific literature, the application of scratch test to characterizations of fracture properties remains a heavily controversial topic. Therefore, this investigation arises as an experimental study in order to assess the fracture toughness using scratch test. A study on the effect of cryogenic treatment, performed after tempering, on fracture toughness, via scratch test experiments, of different tool steels has been made. A laboratory investigation on AISI D2, AISI M2 and X105CrCoMo18 steel confirms the possibility of increasing the fracture toughness by carrying out the cryogenic treatment after the usual heat treatment
Insurgency in Nigeria: Boko Haram Phenomenon and the Poverty Debate
Authors: Apamshan Zachariah , Ismail Norafidah , Zengeni Knocks Tapiwa
Published: February 2017

The focus of this paper is to unravel who Boko Haram members are, what brought about the rebellion against the Nigerian state by the group and the platform on which the sect operates. The paper further seeks to examine the raging debate that poverty is principally responsible for the emergence of Boko Haram insurgency. The paper made use of content analysis such as the use of newspapers, books, published articles, internet library sources available. The conduct of this research involves structured and semi-structured interviews used to interview respondent such as academics in the field of strategic studies and political science. The research found out that there are factors that motivate terrorism other than poverty and unemployment. Such factors are seen to be religion, ethnicity and political interest.
IMPROVING PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC AND PALATABILITY OF KING GRASS (Pennisetum hybrid) SILAGE BY INOCULATION OF Lactobacillus plantarum - Saccharomyces cerevisiae CONSORTIA AND ADDITION OF RICE BRAN
Authors: Sofyan Ahmad , Widyastuti Yantyati , Utomo Ristianto , Yusiati Lies Mira
Published: February 2017

This study was conducted to determine effectiveness of inoculants consisted of lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp) and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc) combined with addition of rice bran on the physico-chemical characteristics and palatability of king grass (Pennisetum hybrid) silage. The experiment was arranged on the factorial randomized design (3x3) consisting of the inoculants treatments (control, Lp, Lp+Sc) and the addition level of rice bran (0, 5 and 10%). The measured variables were physico-chemical characteristics i.e. colour, odour, pH, lactic acid, Fleigh points, and palatability of silage. Inoculation of Lp and Lp+Sc improved silage odour and reduced fungal contamination. Silage was treated by Lp+Sc and rice bran (5-10%) showed reduction of pH and an increase of lactic acid and Fleigh points. However, interaction between inoculants and rice bran treatment was not significance. Either inoculation or addition of rice bran tended to enhance the palatability of silage in cattle. It concluded that the addition of inoculants L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae with/without addition of 5-10% rice bran could improve the physico-chemical characteristics of silage and its palatability to ruminant.
PROTEIN FRACTIONATION AND UTILIZATION OF SOYBEAN AND REDBEAN AS AFFECTED BY DIFFERENT DRYING TEMPERATURE
Authors: Jayanegara Anuraga , Sari Yesi Chwenta , Ridwan Roni , Diapari Didid , Laconi Erika Budiarti
Published: February 2017

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of different drying temperature on chemical composition, in vitro rumen fermentation and digestibility of soybean and redbean. Soybean and redbean were dried in an oven set at four different drying temperatures, i.e. 50, 60, 70 and 80 oC for 24 h in three replicates. Dried samples were then milled and used further for chemical composition determination (proximate analysis, Van Soest analysis and protein fraction) and in vitro rumen fermentation assay. Parameters measured in the in vitro assay were gas production, digestibility, pH, ammonia and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Data obtained were analyzed by using analysis of variance and a posthoc test namely Duncan’s multiple range test. Results revealed that neutral detergent insoluble crude protein (NDICP) content increased at higher drying temperature (70 or 80 oC) for both soybean and redbean (P<0.05) but at different magnitude. As with NDICP, higher temperature led to a higher acid detergent insoluble crude protein (ADICP) both in soybean and redbean (P<0.05). Higher temperature decreased gas production rate (GPR) of both beans (P<0.05). Drying of soybean at 70 or 80 oC decreased crude protein digestibility (CPD) of soybean than dried at 50 or 60 oC (P<0.05). Higher drying temperature resulted in a lower NH3 concentration (P<0.05). It can be concluded that drying temperature at 50 or 60 oC is safe to maintain nutritional quality of soybean and redbean.
KUALITAS KIMIA DAN KANDUNGAN KLOROFIL TANAMAN ALFALFA (Medicago sativa L.) DENGAN LAMA PENYINARAN DAN DOSIS DOLOMIT YANG BERBEDA PADA TANAH REGOSOL
Authors: Hermanto Hermanto , Bambang Suwignyo Bambang Suwignyo , Nafiatul Nafiatul
Published: February 2017

This study aimed to analyze the quality of chemical and chlorophyll content of alfalfa plants with lenght of irradiation and dose of dolomite on the regosol soil. The experiment was conducted implemented in Greenhouse Laboratory Forage and Pasture Faculty of Animal Sciences University of Gadjah Mada, from May to September 2015. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) 3 x 3 factorial design with two factors treatments and four replications. The first factor is the dose of dolomite (D) with 3 treatment (D0 = without dolomite, D1 = dolomite 6 t/hectare or 90 g/polybag and D2= dolomite 12 t/hectare or 180 g/polybag). The second factor is the length of irradiation (C) with 3 treatments (C0 = irradiating 12 hours, C1 = irradiating 14 hours and C2 = irradiating 16 hours). Data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and significant results continued with Duncan test at 5% level.Parameters measured were the proximate analysis (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, ash) and alfalfa chlorophyll content. The results showed that there was no significant interaction effect between lenght of irradiation and dose of dolomite treatment to the dry matter content, organic matter, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, ash and alfalfa chlorophyll content. The treatment lenght of irradiation are significant (P<0,05) of the organic matter content and ash content of alfalfa. Dose of dolomite treatment was not significant on all parameters of the study. The results showed that the treatment and dosage of radiation are dolomite not significant on the production of plant fresh weight, dry weight of plants, dry matter content, organic matter, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, ash and content alfalfa chlorophyll. No interaction between treatment and dosage of radiation are dolomite which significantly affect production plant fresh weight, dry weight of plants, dry matter content, organic matter, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, ash and alfalfa chlorophyll content. (Keywords: Alfalfa, lenght of irradiation, dolomite,  regosol soil)
Perbaikan Varietas Padi untuk Lahan Keracunan Fe
Authors: Suhartini Tintin
Published: February 2017

Abstract

The use of rice varieties tolerant to iron toxicity is an efficient way to deal with low rice production in iron toxicity areas. The varietal improvement activities consisted of evaluation, screening of rice germplasm, bulk population of crossed materials, and introduction. Varietal screening was conducted by direct selection at the iron toxicity areas of +200 ppm Fe content at Tamanbogo, Lampung. Anther culture would speed up breeding activities due to the availability of genetic resources tolerant to Al toxicity which were having high regeneration and callus induction. The character of Fe tolerance was controlled by two or more dominant genes which were epistatic and duplicate genes, additive, dominant and non allelic interaction genes. Selection for Fe tolerance at advanced generation could increase degree of homozygotes, lead to more tolerant genotypes and increase selection effectiveness. From bulk population had been selected tolerant lines in the early generation were some lines of IR64 progeny, promising lines from crossings of introduced IRRI varieties and local varieties. Nine rice varieties released for tidal swamps areas. More than 100 accesions of rice germplasm tolerant to Fe toxicity had been evaluated.

Abstrak

Penggunaan varietas padi toleran keracunan Fe merupakan cara yang efisien dalam mengatasi rendahnya produksi padi pada lahan keracunan Fe. Perbaikan varietas meliputi evaluasi, skrining plasma nutfah padi, bahan populasi hasil persilangan, dan introduksi. Metode skrining yang dilakukan dengan menyeleksi langsung di lahan dengan kadar Fe tinggi (+200 ppm) di Tamanbogo, Lampung. Sumber keragaman genetik toleran cukup tersedia, sehingga perbaikan varietas untuk tujuan keracunan Fe dapat dilakukan. Metode kultur anter dapat mempercepat siklus pemuliaan, dengan tersedianya bahan genetik toleran Fe yang memiliki daya regenerasi dan induksi kalus yang tinggi. Terdapat dua gen ketahanan atau lebih yang bersifat epistatis atau duplikat gen. Pola pewarisan sifat toleran keracunan Fe dipengaruhi oleh gen aditif, dominan, dan interaksi gen nonalelik. Seleksi pada generasi lanjut dapat meningkatkan derajat homozigositas, terbentuk genotipe dengan derajat toleransi yang tinggi dan meningkatkan efektifitas seleksi. Dari bulk populasi persilangan generasi awal telah diperoleh galur-galur hasil seleksi perbaikan varietas IR64, galur harapan asal persilangan Bogor dan introduksi dari IRRI. Sembilan varietas padi toleran keracunan Fe telah dilepas untuk lahan pasang surut. Evaluasi terhadap plasma nutfah padi menunjukkan lebih dari 100 aksesi toleran keracunan Fe.
Eksplorasi Plasma Nutfah Tanaman Pangan di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat
Authors: Astuti Sri
Published: February 2017

Abstract

West Kalimantan is are area of tropical rain forest with high rainfall more than 3600 millimeter per year. Potential areas for food crops are 11,6 million ha, only 1,03 million are effective for agriculture activity and 255.339 ha for intensification based on 57.5-73.8% of which used high yielding varieties and less than 42% used local variety. The varieties planted by the native have specific use and maintained from generation to generation. Many of local cultivar were planted by Dayak tribe in the deepest of West Kalimantan. Exploration on Food Crops was conducted to collect germplasm of paddy and palawija which were conserved and evaluated, and would be used as the source of gene in rice genetic improvement. The result of this exploration from the 7 district were 191 accessions germplasm of the food crops which were 129 accessions paddy consists of 69 accessions of lowland rice, 31 accessions of upland rice, and 29 accessions of tidal swamp rice. About 62 accessions palawija germplasm consist of 3 accessions of corns, 11 accessions of cassava, 17 accessions of sweetpotato, 6 accessions of peanut, 1 accessions of mungbean, 6 accessions of jam, 15 accessions of taro, 2 accessions of cowpea, and 1 accessions of jewawut.

Abstrak

Kalimantan Barat mempunyai iklim hutan tropis dengan curah hujan di atas 3600 mm. Dari 11,6 juta ha lahan yang berpotensi untuk tanaman pangan, baru dimanfaatkan 1,03 juta ha. Dari seluas 235.395 ha areal intensifikasi padi, 58,3% di antaranya telah ditanami varietas unggul dan sisanya varietas lokal. Varietas-varietas lokal yang ditanam penduduk mempunyai karakteristik spesifik, merupakan kebanggaan warga yang turun temurun dipertahankan oleh sukunya. Masih banyak jumlahnya kultivar lokal yang ditanam oleh penduduk suku-suku dayak di pedalaman Kalimantan Barat. Eksplorasi tanaman pangan bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan plasma nutfah padi dan palawija untuk dikonservasi, diberdayakan, dan dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber gen, untuk perbaikan sifat ketahanan dan toleransi terhadap hama dan penyakit dalam program pemuliaan tanaman. Hasil eksplorasi dari 7 kabupaten telah terkumpul sejumlah 191 aksesi plasma nutfah tanaman pangan, yaitu sebanyak 129 aksesi padi terdiri dari 69 aksesi padi sawah, 31 aksesi padi ladang dan 29 aksesi padi pasang surut. Sebanyak 62 plasma nutfah palawija terdiri dari 3 aksesi jagung, 11 aksesi ubi kayu, 17 aksesi ubi jalar, 6 aksesi kacang tanah, 1 aksesi kacang hijau, 6 aksesi ubi kelapa/krimbang, 15 aksesi talas, 2 aksesi kacang tunggak dan 1 aksesi jewawut.
Pengelolaan dan Pemanfaatan Plasma Nutfah Padi di Indonesia
Authors: Silitonga Tiur Sudiaty
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Self sufficiency in rice has always been a heavy task due to limited number of sustained high yielding varieties available. Therefore, effort must be put on the breeding for high yielding varieties adapted to different agroecosystems. Development of high yielding variety should use available genetic resources at ICABIOGRAD as well as at IRRI. So far, accessions collected at ICABIOGRAD gene bank were 3563 cultivated rice and 100 wild rice. To be better able to utilize those accessions, dynamic conservation consisting of in situ and on farm conservation are needed. Wild rice should be conserved at the National Park while the traditional varieties by the farmers as well as NGO’s. Wild germplasm should be used to develope high yielding variety by using molecular marker. Development of better database will certainly facilitate the base of available genetic resources for the purpose of better high yielding variety. So far, more than 160 varieties of rice suitable for lowland, upland and tidal swamp have been released.

Abstrak

Upaya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan beras penduduk mendapat tantangan berat mengingat varietas unggul padi yang tersedia hanya sedikit yang mampu beradaptasi baik dan bertahan lama. Oleh karena itu, para pemulia harus lebih giat dalam merakit atau memperbaiki varietas sesuai dengan agroekosistem pengembangan, karena setiap varietas unggul menuntut sejumlah persyaratan untuk dapat menampilkan keunggulannya secara maksimum. Perakitan varietas unggul harus lebih memanfaatkan secara luas sumber keanekaragaman plasma nutfah padi yang terdapat dalam Bank Gen BB-Biogen. Hingga kini Bank Gen BB-Biogen telah melestarikan sebanyak 3563 plasma nutfah padi dan 100 aksesi padi liar. Agar plasma nutfah dapat lebih diberdayakan maka perlu dilakukan cara konservasi yang lebih dinamis seperti pelestarian in situ dan lekat lahan (onfarm conservation). Spesies padi liar sebaiknya dilestarikan di Taman Nasional dan padi tradisional dilestarikan oleh masyarakat termasuk petani dan LSM di daerah-daerah tertentu untuk dikembangkan. Penggunaan tetua yang lebih beragam diharapkan dapat dihasilkan varietas unggul dengan sifat-sifat yang diinginkan termasuk pemanfaatan spesies padi liar dalam persilangan kerabat jauh dengan menggunakan teknologi marka molekuler. Akses terhadap informasi sumber daya genetik perlu lebih dipermudah dengan mengembangkan database yang lengkap dan membangun jaringan website. Sampai Agustus 2003 di Indonesia telah dilepas lebih dari 160 varietas unggul padi yang sesuai untuk lahan sawah, lahan kering (gogo), dan lahan rawa pasang surut.
Pengaruh 2,4-D terhadap Induksi Embrio Somatik Kopi Arabika
Authors: Riyadi Imron , Tirtoboma NFN
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Direct induction of somatic embryos in Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) using plant groth regulators (PGR's) has been successful. The concentration and combination of different kinds of PGR's can influence the response and success in embryo induction. An experiment was conducted to determine the optimal concentration of 2.4-D in combination with kinetin for direct induction and proliferation of somatic embryos. The plant material used was Arabica coffee var. Kartika-l originating from The Indonesian Coffee and Cacao Research Institute, Jember. Explants were taken from young leaves of reddish-green in color. Somatic embryos were induced directly on a Murashige-Skoog (MS) standard medium containing 30 g/l sucrose and supplemented with 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 mg/l 2.4-D in combination with 0.1 mg/l kinetin each. The cultures were incubated in the dark at temperature 26oC and RH +60% for 6 weeks with 10 replications. The results showed that somatic embryogenesis in Arabica coffee was best induced in a culture medium wiyh 2.4-D at 4 mg/l, combination with 0.1 mg/l kinetin. Induction of somatic embryos was achieved at 100% 4 weeks after culture. Three morphological stages of embryo development were identified: globular, early heart, and middle heart. The embryos were of three distinct colors such as, yellowish, yellowish-white, and white. The highest rate of proliferation of somatic embryos was achieved at 2 mg/l, 2.4-D in combination with 0.1 mg/l kinetin averaging 68.53 embryos per explant 6 weeks after subculture.
Karakterisasi dan Deskripsi Plasma Nutfah Tomat
Authors: Kusandriyani Yenni , Luthfy NFN , Gunawan NFN
Published: February 2017

Characterization of tomato germplasm on the basis of tomato description was conducted of the Lembang Vegetables Government Research Institute. (1250 m asl), in the dry season 2003. Twenty five accession were observed, each accessions 20 plants were planted per plot with the distance 70 x 50 cm. Plants were fertilizer at the rate of 30 t/ha stable manure and 1000 kg/ha NPK applied two days before planting. Description of those accessions was determined for further use in breeding programme.

 

Abstrak

Kegiatan karakterisasi dilakukan untuk mendapatkan deskripsi sifat tanaman untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan working collection dalam program pemuliaan. Deskripsi merupakan ciri dari sifat tanaman yang dikoleksi. Penelitian menggunakan 25 aksesi, ditanam di kebun percobaan Lembang (1250 m dpl) pada musim kemarau 2003, masing-masing aksesi ditanam 20 tanaman per petak dengan jarak tanam 70 x 50 cm. Tanaman dipupuk dengan pupuk kandang kuda dengan takaran 30 t/ha dan NPK 1000 kg/ha. Pupuk kandang diberikan dua hari sebelum tanam dan NPK pada saat tanam. Hasil penelitian menghasilkan deskripsi pertumbuhan dan komponen hasil.
Pengaruh Pengelolaan Hutan Produksi terhadap Keragaman Jenis Plasma Nutfah Perairan
Authors: Sawitri Reny , Iskandar Sofian
Published: February 2017

Management of forest production by application of Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) created crown opening by 13.3%, which was smaller compared with Conventional Logging (CNV) that caused crown opening by19.2%, and provided significant influence to water biodiversity. Availability of nutrient and essential minerals was better in RIL that was supported by high soluble residual or 95% higher and low velocity of river flow or 50% of surrounding CNV water. This physical condition showed significant difference to N and P ratio (N/P ratio) in RIL and CNV or 77.5 and 51.3. These values showed high content of nitrate of the water and it was in oligotropic type condition. Diversity Index of plankton in RIL was 1.754 and in CNV was 1.682 with each population density was 12,916 and 7,222 individuals/liter. The number of plankton had possitive correlation with N/P ratio (r = 0.9). In water catchment study area, there were found 28 fish species belonged to 20 genera and 8 families. The dominance families were Cyprinidae 57.14%, Bagridae 17.14%, and Anguillidae 7.14%. Most endemic fish species of Borneo were also found in both RIL and CNV water, however species with high relative frequency and density were found higher in RIL water.

 

Abstrak

Pengelolaan hutan produksi dengan model penebangan Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) membuat pembukaan tajuk seluas 13,3% yang relatif lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan penebangan konvensional (CNV) dengan pembukaan tajuk seluas 19,2%, memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda terhadap keanekaragaman hayati perairan. Ketersediaan nutrisi dan hara penting yang lebih baik di perairan kawasan RIL ditunjang oleh tingginya residu terlarut 95% dan rendahnya kecepatan aliran air sungai 50% dari perairan sekitar CNV. Kondisi fisik perairan yang demikian menunjukkan perbedaan nyata terhadap perbandingan nitrat dan fosfat (N/P rasio) di RIL dan CNV, yaitu 77,5 dan 51,3. Nilai ini menunjukkan kadar nitrat perairan yang tinggi, dan perairan berada dalam tipe oligotropic. Indeks keragaman jenis plankton di RIL 1,754 dan di CNV 1,682 dengan populasi masing-masing 12.916 individu/liter dan 7.222 individu/ liter. Jumlah plankton ini berkorelasi positif dengan N/P rasio (r = 0,9). Di perairan sekitar DAS areal penelitian terdapat 28 jenis ikan tergolong kedalam 20 genera dan 8 famili. Famili dominan adalah Cyprinidae 57,14%, Bagridae 17,14%, dan Anguillidae 7,14%. Sebagian besar ikan jenis endemik Kalimantan terdapat pula di kedua perairan RIL dan CNV, tetapi jenis yang mempunyai kerapatan dan frekuensi relatif tinggi ditemukan lebih banyak di perairan RIL.
Karakteristik Umbi Plasma Nutfah Tanaman Talas (Colocasia esculenta)
Authors: Setyowati Mamik , Hanarida Ida , Sutoro NFN
Published: February 2017

Taro have been cultivated and consumed as a food supplement in Indonesia. Beside it used as a food, it is also as source of industrial purposes, such as a part of raw material of cosmetic or plastic. Characteristic of tuber (corm) of taro determine their usage. Utilization of germplasm collection of taro could be done more intensively by studying their morphological characters. Experiment was conducted in 2005 consisted of 170 accessions of taro. Morphological characters of tuber have been observed at harvest time. Result of the study show that variability of morphological characters were exist within areas or among areas. There are several interesting varieties which have long umbi or high tuber yield and specific tuber flesh color.

 

Abstrak

Tanaman talas telah lama dibudidayakan dan dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber pangan tambahan di Indonesia. Di samping sebagai sumber pangan, talas juga dapat dimanfaatkan untuk keperluan industri, misalnya sebagai bahan baku kosmetik dan plastik. Karateristik umbi talas menentukan penggunaannya. Pemanfaatan talas dapat ditingkatkan dengan mempelajari sifat-sifat morfologi yang dimiliki plasma nutfah yang telah dikoleksi. Percobaan dilaksanakan pada tahun 2005 terdiri atas 170 aksesi plasma nutfah talas. Karakter morfologi umbi diamati setelah panen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat keragaman karakter morfologi dalam daerah atau antar daerah asal plasma nutfah. Dari koleksi plasma nutfah yang telah dimiliki diperoleh aksesi yang menarik seperti umbi talas yang panjang dengan warna daging umbi yang khas.
Studi Ekologi dan Potensi Geronggang (Cratoxylon arborescens Bl.) di Kelompok Hutan Sungai Bepasir-Sungai Siduung, Kabupaten Tanjung Redeb, Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Heriyanto N. M. , Subiandono Endro
Published: February 2017

These studies were conducted in September 2004 by using square inventory (1,000 x 1,000 m on 100 ha) and divided into 5 strips measuremences which laid down by purposive systematic sampling. Observation within the transect were on stage of tree, pole, sapling, and seedling measured. Predominant species were meranti (Shorea spp.) with INP 38.3%, pisangpisang (Mezzetia parviflora) INP 26.6%, and mertibu (Dacrylocladus stenostachys) INP 23.2%. The tree stages of geronggang was INP 8.8%, poles stage INP 6.5%, sapling stage INP 9.5%, and seedling stage INP 10.8%. Geronggang is closely related to rengas (Gluta renghas) with Ochiai index 0.48, pisang-pisang (M. parviflora) 0.47, and terentang (Campnosperma auriculata) 0.46. However, this species did not associate with kelansau (Dryobalanops abnormis) 0.09, kayu malam (Diospyros bantamensis) 0.11, and kenari (Canarium caudatum) 0.12.

 

Abstrak

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui ekologi dan potensi geronggang (C. arborescens) di habitat alamnya, dilakukan pada bulan September 2004. Penelitian menggunakan satuan contoh berbentuk bujur sangkar dengan ukuran 1000 x 1000 m (100 ha). Di dalam petak bujur sangkar dibuat jalur dengan lebar 20 m, panjang 1000 m, sebanyak lima jalur. Pada jalur ini dilakukan pengukuran semai, pancang, tiang, dan pohon. Jenis tumbuhan yang mendominasi tegakan di kelompok hutan Sungai Bepasir-Sungai Siduung, adalah meranti (Shorea spp.) dengan INP 38,3%, pisang-pisang (Mezzetia parviflora) dengan INP 26,6%, dan mertibu (Dacrylocladus stenostachys) dengan INP 23,2%. Jenis geronggang hanya memiliki INP 8,8%. Jenisjenis yang berasosiasi kuat dengan geronggang adalah rengas (Gluta renghas) dengan indeks Ochiai 0,48, kemudian diikuti oleh jenis pisang-pisang (M. parviflora) dengan indeks 0,47, dan terentang (Campnosperma auriculata) dengan indeks 0,46. Jenis yang berasosiasi dengan geronggang tetapi tidak kuat adalah kelansau (Dryobalanops abnormis) dengan indeks 0,09, kayu malam (Diospyros bantamensis) dengan indeks 0,11, dan kenari hutan (Canarium caudatum) dengan indeks 0,12.
Pemanfaatan Plasma Nutfah Mikroba Bordetella bronchiseptica sebagai Perangkat Deteksi Antibodi
Authors: Chotiah Siti
Published: February 2017

Microbe germplasm of Bordetella bronchiseptica has been found in pigs in Indonesia and recognized as the causal agent of atrophic rhinitis and pneumonia, and also one of the agents involved in porcine respiratory disease complex. Those microbes have been characterized and conserved ex situ at Balitvet Culture Collection. The aim of this research was to find out seroepidemiological of B. bronchiseptica infections at four pig herds in two regencies in Central Java, by utilizing the germ plasma as antibody detection kit. The ELISA technique used lypopolysaccharide and sera hypperimmune of B. bronchiseptica local isolate as an antigen and positive sera respectively. Referring to cut off level of 0.404, the survey results showed that of 25.4% of 63 pig serum samples examine by ELISA were positively infected by B. bronchiseptica; 14.29% and 11, 11% from Karanganyar regencies and Sragen regencies respectively. Base on pig ages it showed that 10.35%, 24%, and 77.8% to be seropositive from less than three-month age group, three-month until five-month age group, and more than five-month age group respectively. Base on pig farm it was showed that 28.60; 30; 13.64; and 40% were seropositive collected from Farm 1, Farm 2, Farm 3 and Farm 4 respectively. The results indicated that B. bronchiseptica infection was spread on four pig herds in two regencies in Central Java with the higest seropositive (77,8%) in more than five-month age group.

 

Abstrak

Plasma nutfah Bordetella bronchiseptica telah ditemukan pada babi di Indonesia, selain merupakan agen penyebab atrophic rhinitis dan pneumoni juga salah satu agen porcine respiratory disease complex. Mikroba tersebut telah dikarakterisasi dan dikonservasi ex situ di Balitvet Culture Collection (BCC). Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui seroepidemiologi infeksi B. bronchiseptica pada empat peternakan babi di dua kabupaten di Jawa Tengah, dengan memanfaatkan plasma nutfah tersebut sebagai bahan baku perangkat deteksi antibodi. Teknik Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) menggunakan lypopolysaccharide dan serum imun dari isolat lokal B. bronchiseptica BS(BCC 2455) masing-masing sebagai antigen dan serum kontrol positif. Mengacu pada nilai cut off 0,404, hasil survei menunjukkan bahwa 25,4% dari 63 sampel serum yang diperiksa positif terinfeksi oleh B. bronchiseptica, 14,3% di antaranya berasal dari Kabupaten Karanganyar dan 11,1% dari Kabupaten Sragen. Berdasarkan pengelompokan umur diketahui bahwa seropositif sebanyak 10,35; 24; dan 77,8% masing-masing berasal dari kelompok umur di bawah 3 bulan, kelompok umur 3 sampai 5 bulan, dan kelompok umur di atas 5 bulan. Berdasarkan peternak sebaran seropositif sebanyak 28,60; 30; 13,64; dan 40% masing-masing pada peternakan 1, 2, 3, dan 4. Hal ini menunjukkan infeksi B. bronchiseptica telah tersebar di empat peternakan babi di dua kabupaten di Jawa Tengah dengan seropositif tertinggi (77,8%) pada kelompok babi umur di atas 5 bulan.
Pengelompokan Plasma Nutfah Gandum (Triticum aestivum) Berdasarkan Karakter Kuantitatif Tanaman
Authors: Setyowati Mamik , Hanarida Ida , Sutoro NFN
Published: February 2017

Clustering of the 65 accessions of wheat have been done based on the quantitave plant characters. The purpose of this study was to identify genetic resources of wheat for breeding programs. Result of the analysis showed that there are 6 clusters. Two of those clusters have short maturiy and high yielding potential. Cluster of accessions having which is short maturity and moderately short plant, 1.000 seeds weight, maximum number of tiller, number of productive tiller, panicle length, exertion length have 12 accessions. While cluster with high potential production, shot panicle and moderate quantitative characters consists of 13 accessions. Therefore, those two clusters could be used as genetic resources for short maturiy and high yield characters of wheat.

 

Abstrak

Telah dilakukan pengelompokan 65 aksesi plasma nutfah gandum berdasarkan karakter kuantitatif. Ini dimaksudkan untuk mengidentifikasi sumber gen untuk perakitan varietas unggul gandum. Hasil analisis gerombol dengan menggunakan peubah kuantitatif diperoleh 6 kelompok aksesi. Dua kelompok di antaranya memiliki karakteristik umur panen cepat dan potensi hasil tinggi. Kelompok aksesi yang memiliki umur panen cepat dan tinggi tanaman pendek, berat 1.000 butir, jumlah anakan maksimum, jumlah anakan produktif, panjang malai dan panjang tangkai malai rata-ratanya sedang terdapat 12 aksesi. Kelompok aksesi yang memiliki potensi hasil tinggi dengan malai pendek serta sifat kuantitatif lainnya sedang terdapat 13 aksesi. Oleh karena itu, untuk kedua kelompok tersebut dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber gen tanaman gandum berumur pendek dan berpotensi hasil tinggi.
Karakterisasi Plasma Nutfah untuk Perbaikan Varietas Kedelai Sayur (Edamame)
Authors: Asadi NFN
Published: February 2017

Edamame or vegetable soybean is one of the most important vegetable particularly in Japan, Taiwan, China and Korea. In Edamame quality is measured based on six criteria: appearance, taste, flavor, sweetness, texture, and nutritional value. Since 1998 the conservation and characterization of edamame germplasm have been done at Indonesian Center of Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic resources Research And Development (ICABIOGRAD), and since 2007 research program breeding edamame have been started. The research is a collaboration with Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC). The research results showed: (1) edamame is potential to be developed in Indonesia, (2) based on morphological, agronomical characterization and organoleptic testing on 34 accessions of edamame germplasm were found those 10 accessions have gray pubescence, 22 accessions produced medium seeds (20-<30 g/100 seeds), 6 accessions produced the large seed (>30 g/100 bijou), 14 accessions had good taste, good seeds and pods performance, (3) based on 5 crossing combinations were obtained 20-200 F1 seeds. The F1 seeds were planted and will be developed to find selected edamame lines as candidate edamame release varieties, (4) edamame lines introduction from Taiwan were adapted well in Pacet (West Java, 900 m above sea level).

 

Abstrak

Edamame atau kedelai sayur (vegetable soybean) merupakan jenis sayuran yang sangat populer di Jepang, Taiwan, Cina, dan Korea. Ada enam kriteria yang menentukan kualitas edamame, yaitu penampilan, rasa, bau, tingkat kemanisan, tekstur, dan nilai gizi. Sejak tahun 1998 BB-Biogen (dulu Balitbio) telah memulai kegiatan konservasi, karakterisasi, dan plasma nutfah edamame. Pada tahun 2007 telah dimulai kegiatan pemuliaan yang bekerja sama dengan AVRDC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) edamame berpotensi untuk dikembangkan di Indonesia; (2) dari 34 aksesi yang telah dievaluasi dan karak-terisasi telah diperoleh 10 aksesi berbulu abu, 22 aksesi berbiji sedang (20-29 g/100 biji), 6 aksesi berbiji besar (>30 g/100 biji), 14 aksesi memiliki rasa enak dan penampilan polong rebus bagus; (3) dari 5 kombinasi persilangan yang dibuat telah diperoleh 20-200 biji F1 untuk diseleksi lebih lanjut; dan (4) galur edamame introduksi dari Taiwan beradaptasi dengan baik di Pacet (Jawa Barat pada ketinggian 900 m dpl).
Kemampuan Berbunga, Tingkat Keguguran Bunga, dan Potensi Hasil Beberapa Varietas Kedelai
Authors: Suyamto Suyamto , Musalamah Musalamah
Published: February 2017

Field experiments to
identify the flowering ability, flowering duration, percentage
of flower abortion, and yield potential of several soybean
varieties were conducted at two environments at Kendalpayak-
Malang Research Station in April-July 2006 (dry season I) and
Genteng-Banyuwangi Research Station (dry season II) in July-
October 2006. A total of 20 soybean varieties were evaluated
by using randomized complete-blocks design with three
replications. The plot size was 0.8 m x 4.5 m with plant
spacing 40 cm x 15 cm. The rate of fertilizers applied was 50
kg urea, 100 kg SP36, and 75 kg KCl per ha. Plant control was
conducted intensively as recommended. Several characters
observed were time to flower, flowering duration, number of
flower, number of pod, number of filled pod, number of empty
pod, seed yield/plant, and 100 seed weight. Combined analysis
of variance show that all characters oberved were significantly
affected by varieties. Flower abortion of soybean varieties
range from a low of 6.6% for Lawit to a high of 39.1% for
Kawi. Lawit variety was used as high yielding potential parent
which has lowest percentage of flower abortion (6.6%) and
highest percentage of flower to pod (93.4%).
Keragaman Karakter Morfologi Tanaman Ganyong
Authors: Suhartini Tintin , Hadiatmi NFN
Published: February 2017

Morphological Characteristics Variability of Canna (Canna edulis Ker.). Edible canna (Canna edulis) is the potential source of foodstuf. Edible canna have high carbohydrate and nutritions. The starch of edible canna can be exploited as a food materials and for industry. Evaluation and characterization were needed to get informations on characters of edible canna for genetic variability to improve edible canna varieties. Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology Research and Development has two groups edible canna collection, they are red edible canna and the white one. The result showed that morphological characters of 27 edible canna accessions were not different in their qualitative characteristics. Similarly in their 23 white edible canna have no difference qualitative characters. The red edible canna having red color on part of shoot, while in white edible canna having green color. The tuber of red edible canna having pink color and white color for white edible canna. The different were in the flower of white edible canna, there were 17 accessions having yellow color and 6 accessions having orange color. The quantitative characters of flowering, leaf length, leaf width, total leaf and leaf stalk length have low variability (<10%). The characters of number of tiller per hill, tuber weight per hill and plant hight have high coeficient variability with the range of 14-21%. The tuber weight per hill had negative correlation with stalk length leaf and number of tiller/hill.

 

Abstrak

Ganyong (Canna edulis) merupakan sumber pangan potensial dengan kandungan karbohidrat dan gizi tinggi. Tepung ganyong bermutu tinggi dan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan makanan dan industri. Evaluasi dan karakterisasi ganyong perlu dilakukan untuk memperoleh informasi sifat-sifat unggul ganyong dengan tujuan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan keragaman genetik varietas ganyong. Plasma nutfah ganyong yang dikoleksi Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian ada dua kelompok, yaitu ganyong merah dan ganyong putih. Hasil evaluasi dan karakterisasi terhadap 27 aksesi ganyong merah tidak terdapat perbedaan morfologis sifat kualitatif antar aksesi. Demikian juga pada 23 aksesi ganyong putih. Pada ganyong merah, bagian tajuk didominasi oleh warna merah, sedangkan ganyong putih didominasi warna hijau. Umbi ganyong merah berwarna merah muda dan ganyong putih berwarna putih. Perbedaan terdapat pada warna bunga, 17 aksesi ganyong putih berwarna kuning dan enam aksesi warna orange. Keragaman karakter morfologis sifat kuantitatif ganyong merah dan ganyong putih rendah (<10%), yaitu pada umur berbunga, panjang daun, lebar daun, panjang tangkai daun, dan jumlah daun. Nilai koefisien keragaman yang tinggi terdapat pada karakter jumlah anakan, bobot umbi, dan tinggi tanaman dengan kisaran 14-21%. Bobot umbi per rumpun berkorelasi negatif dengan panjang tangkai daun dan jumlah anakan per rumpun.
Karakterisasi Plasma Nutfah Ubi Jalar Berdaging Umbi Predominan Ungu
Authors: Adil Widiati H.
Published: February 2017

Characterization of Sweet Potato with Purple Flash Predominant Color. Sweet potato is a source of energy which is available in the form of sugar and carbohydrate. It is also sources of various vitamins and minerals which are essential for human health, such as calcium, ferro, vitamin A and C. Effort have to be made to diverse the use of sweet potato as fungsional food focus on size and its nutrition value, especially the use of anthocyanin for health. Data of characteristic of dry weight, shape, and flesh of sweet potato predominant color, leaf color and shape were collected from sweet potato planted in Cibadak and from the catalog of food crops genetic resources. Ten accessions which have predominant color number 9 (strongly pigmented with anthocyanin) or secondary color purple were selected for anthocyanin measurement using spectrometer. There was no correlation between dry weight and tuber root shape and anthocyanin content. On the other hand, predomint color of flesh tuber root had correlation with anthocyanin content, the darker the purple color the higher anthocyanin content, ranged from 508.45 to 645.37 ppm.

 

Abstrak

Ubi jalar merupakan bahan pangan sumber energi dalam bentuk gula dan karbohidrat. Umbi ini mengandung vitamin dan mineral yang dibutuhkan oleh tubuh, seperti kalsium, zat besi, vitamin A maupun C. Upaya penganekaragaman pemanfaatan ubi jalar sebagai pangan fungsional perlu mempertimbangkan hubungan antara ukuran umbi dengan kadar nutrisi, khususnya pemanfaatan kandungan antosianin bagi kesehatan. Data karakteristik bobot bahan kering dan bentuk umbi plasma nutfah ubi jalar diperoleh dari katalog plasma nutfah tanaman pangan dan dari pertanaman koleksi ubi jalar di Cibadak. Sebanyak 10 aksesi ubi jalar berdaging umbi warna predominan ungu atau warna sekunder daging umbi ungu dipilih untuk dianalisis kadar antosianinnya dengan menggunakan spektrometer. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi karateristik beberapa plasma nutfah ubi jalar berdaging umbi warna ungu koleksi Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian. Tidak terdapat korelasi antara bobot kering dengan bentuk umbi dan besarnya kandungan antosianin. Semakin pekat warna ungu daging umbi semakin tinggi kadar antosianinnya. Beberapa aksesi lokal mempunyai kandungan antosianin yang tinggi, yaitu antara 508,45-645,37 ppm.
Induksi Mutasi dan Keragaman Somaklonal untuk Meningkatkan Ketahanan Penyakit Blas Daun pada Padi Fatmawati
Authors: Lestari Endang G. , Dewi Iswari S. , Yunita Rossa , Sukmadjaja Deden
Published: February 2017

In Vitro Culture Application in the form of Somaclonal Variation Combined with Mutagen Introduction for Plant Improvement. Fatmawati is a new type of rice potentially to be developed. The development of this new type of rice in various places of West Java, Central Java and Lampung is often hampered by the blast disease causing the empty grain resulted in the harvest failure. Hence, from January to December 2007. The Indonesia Research Institute for rice in cooperation with Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development conducted research aimed at improving the quality of Fatmawati type of rice through somaclonal variation by mutative induction. In this research, the calli were treated with 1-50 gy gamma ray prior to its regeneration. The shoots produced by this regeneration were then acclimatized in the green house until the production stage. All 342 somaclone lines were sub-sequently tested on its endurance against leaf blast disease using three races of blast isolate namely 001, 033, and 173. The research yielded 21 somaclone lines which were absolutely tolerant to blast disease. These new somaclones were then planted in the green house for further morphological and agronomical observation.

 

Abstrak

Fatmawati merupakan varietas padi tipe baru yang mempunyai potensi hasil tinggi. Pengembangan varietas tersebut di beberapa daerah seperti Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Lampung masih mengalami masalah berupa bulir hampa tinggi dan serangan penyakit blas yang menyebabkan kegagalan panen. Penelitian pemuliaan untuk memperbaiki sifat unggul pada varietas Fatmawati telah dilakukan oleh Balai Besar Penelitian Padi bekerjasama dengan Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian melalui keragaman somaklonal menggunakan induksi mutasi. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari-Desember 2007. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah kalus yang diberi perlakuan irradiasi dengan sinar gamma dosis 1-50 Gy kemudian diregenerasikan pada media MS + BA 1 mg/l +IAA 0,8 mg/l. Tunas yang dihasilkan kemudian diaklimatisasi di rumah kaca sampai menghasilkan benih. Sebanyak 342 galur somaklon diuji ketahanannya terhadap penyakit blas daun menggunakan ras isolat 001, 033, dan 173. Hasil penelitian menghasilkan 21 galur somaklon yang sama sekali tidak terserang penyakit blas. Galur somaklon tahan tersebut selanjutnya ditanam di rumah kaca untuk diamati keragaman morfologi dan agronominya.