bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conocimiento y cultura digital en el escenario educativo. Una revisión teórica
Authors: Tovar Natera Nelca Carolina
Published: July 2021

En la actualidad podemos apreciar cómo, con gran facilidad y  de forma acelerada, las aplicaciones tecnológicas han invadido diferentes espacios en la sociedad, impactando la forma de realizar los diversos procesos transformando de manera significativa la cotidianidad de las personas y el escenario educativo no escapa de esta realidad. Bajo este contexto, genera un cambio de mentalidad que ha transformado la comunicación humana y las prácticas laborales mediante formas cada vez más instantáneas e interactivas que  desplazan las tradicionales, lo cual se ha comprendido como una cultura digital. En este sentido, la presente investigación estuvo orientada a profundizar teóricamente acerca del conocimiento y la cultura digital en el escenario educativo a través de una investigación  documental, con un enfoque post positivista bajo  el paradigma fenomenológico.  Se presenta a la cultura digital como algo  no acabado en constante evolución, por lo cual, lo cualitativo facilitó una visión del fenómeno, contextualizado en el área de educación.  Para lograr lo previsto, se procedió a la  revisión de documentos, con apoyo en la hermenéutica para la interpretación del material simbólico que se incorporó al estudio. Dicho material, fue organizado y analizado, extrayendo categorías que facilitaron la interpretación y la generación de los hallazgos. Se devela la existencia de una brecha comunicacional entre docentes y estudiantes influenciadas por la irrupción el acceso, uso y apropiación de las tecnologías de información y comunicación. Por lo que en la actualidad se demandan prácticas educativas innovadoras adaptadas al contexto actual que permitan generar un equilibrio y entendimiento entre los docentes y estudiantes así como despertar el espíritu crítico acerca del uso de la tecnología para pasar de consumidores de información a productores de conocimiento.
LITERATUR REVIEW : PENERAPAN BATUK EFEKTIF DAN FISIOTERAPI DADA UNTUK MENGATASI KETIDAKEFEKTIFAN BERSIHAN JALAN NAFAS PADA KLIEN YANG MENGALAMI TUBERCULOSIS (TBC)
Authors: Wahyu Widodo, Siska Diyah Pusporatri
Published: July 2021

Tuberculosis is a disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis that get into respiratory tract and the lungs so that there was rash in alveoli or inflammation, the alveolar walls then will shrink. The prevalence of tuberculosis based on doctor diagnosis by provience 2013-2018 indonesia occupies 0,4% of the population. Purpose : The Purpose of writing literature review is to conduct research on clients who have tuberculosis with ineffective airway clearance. Method : The method research used by analyzing articles  and searching through google scholar by using the keywords “chest physiotherapy and effective cough”, “chest physiotherapy and effective cough”+”tuberculosis”, “management of effective cough and  chest physiotherapy” + “tuberculosis”, “effect of effective cough and chest physiotherapy” + “tuberculosis”. Results : The result from 5 journals found that there was a change in breathing rhythm, are able t secrete, shorthnes of breath decreases after effective coughing and chest physiotherapy. Conclusions : The conclutions application of effective cough and chest physiotherapy in tuberculosis patients who experience ineffective airway clearance can reduce shortness breath and spuntum and it is recommended that client can do effective chough and chest physiotherapy independently
ANALISA MANFAAT INTERPROFESSIONAL EDUCATION PADA PENDIDIKAN DAN PRAKTIK KEPERAWATAN JIWA
Authors: Muhammad Agung Krisdianto, Maula Mar’atus Solikhah
Published: July 2021

Efforts to improve the quality of education are currently being made by starting to add learning methods that are more applicable and able to meet stakeholder demands. The World Health Organization (WHO) has launched a program to address human resource problems in health and the health service system by implementing collaborative practices among health workers. Interprofessional Education (IPE), also known as interprofessional learning, is an education concept recommended by WHO as integrated education to build collaboration between health workers. Objective: To analyze the benefits of IPE on mental health nursing education and practice. Methods: This study used a literature review method. PICO is used in selecting and determining article data to be used as material for a literature review. The data is processed using content analysis. Result: IPE is useful for mental health nursing education and practice based on scientific studies that have been conducted. Conclusion: IPE has benefits in nursing education and practice so that it can overcome problems that arise in mental health nursing.
Using open-source intelligence to identify early signals of COVID-19 in Indonesia
Authors: Thamtono Yoser , Moa Aye , MacIntyre Chandini Raina
Published: July 2021

Objective: Open-source data from online news reports and informal sources may provide information about outbreaks before official notification. This study aims to evaluate the use of open-source data from the epidemic observatory, EpiWATCH, to identify the early signals of pneumonia of unknown cause as a proxy for COVID-19 in Indonesia. Methods: Using open-source data on pneumonia of unknown cause in Indonesia between 1 November 2019 and 31 March 2020 (extracted from EpiWATCH, an open-source epidemic observatory), a descriptive analysis was performed to identify the trend of pneumonia of unknown cause in Indonesia before official notification of COVID-19 cases. Results: A rise in reports of pneumonia of unknown cause was identified in Indonesia, starting from late January 2020. There were 304 reported cases of pneumonia of unknown cause, 30 of which occurred before the identification of the first COVID-19 cases on 2 March 2020. The early signals of pneumonia of unknown cause in Indonesia may indicate possible unrecognized circulation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) before official detection. Discussion: Open-source data may provide rapid, unvalidated information for early detection of outbreaks. Although unvalidated, such information may be used to supplement or trigger investigation and testing. As EpiWATCH sources global information, this methodology can be repeated for other countries within the Western Pacific Region, and for other diseases.
Seroepidemiology of SARS-CoV-2, Yamagata, Japan, June 2020
Authors: Morikane Keita , Satoh Naohito , Hatano Kanji , Kanouchi Kazunori , Kakehata Seiji , Satoh Shinya , Uyeki Timothy , Ueno Yoshiyuki
Published: July 2021

We conducted a seroepidemiological study in a northern Japanese prefecture where the incidence of identified COVID-19 cases was low. In June 2020, residual sera from 1,009 outpatients were tested for antibody to SARS-CoV-2 by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Five specimens (0.5%) tested positive, suggesting low prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in this population.
Comparative analysis of single-level anterior and posterior spinal fusion in degenerative disease of the lumbosacral spine
Authors:   Main Military Clinical Hospital named after academician N.N. Burdenko Russian Defense Ministry, Moscow, Russia, Gizatullin Sh.Kh. , Zhukov D.I. ,   Main Military Clinical Hospital named after academician N.N. Burdenko Russian Defense Ministry, Moscow, Russia, Kurnosenko V.Yu. ,   Main Military Clinical Hospital named after academician N.N. Burdenko Russian Defense Ministry, Moscow, Russia, Kim E.A. ,   Main Military Clinical Hospital named after academician N.N. Burdenko Russian Defense Ministry, Moscow, Russia
Published: July 2021

Transpedicular fixation (TPF) as a method of posterior fusion is currently the most common, reliable and economically justified option of spinal fusion in various diseases and injuries of the lumbar spine, having more than half a century of history. As a result of the search for less invasive and more effective methods of fixation of the spinal segments to improve the results of surgical treatment, shorten the hospitalization, and reduce the number of perioperative complications, an approach involving fusion with rigid implant from the anterior (ALIF) was developed. Objective. To analyze the immediate and long-term results of treatment of single-level herniated discs by total removal of the intervertebral disc using anterior access with a rigid spondylodesis (ALIF) and the method of posterior discectomy, spondylodesis and transpedicular fixation (TPF). Materials and methods. A prospective cohort study was conducted. The study included patients after total intervertebral disc removal by the ALIF method and patients after discectomy and TPF. The achieved result was evaluated using radiological tests, as well as using standardized questionnaires and surveys. Results. After the surgery, patients in both groups showed a significant reduction in pain on the NRS scale. Patients from the first group had 4 to 0 for back and 8 to 0 for leg, patients from the second group had 6 to 4 for back and 8 to 0 for leg. The quality-of-life assessment by ODI scale also showed a positive trend from 36 to 4 in the first group and from 22 to 12 in the second group. Clinically, the result of surgical treatment was rated as excellent 5 in the ALIF group and as good in the TPF group 4 on the modified subjective assessment scale Macnab. Conclusion. The ALIF method as a decompression-stabilizing surgical aid is less traumatic. The less invasive nature of the technique was confirmed by significantly shorter surgical intervention time, smaller volume of intraoperative blood loss, and a shorter period of hospitalization. In the long-term period, statistically significant differences were obtained indicating that the ALIF method is more effective than TPF.
The study features the microbial landscape and resistance of microorganisms in COVID-19 patients
Authors:   Military Clinical Hospital named after academician N.N. Burdenko Russian Defense Ministry, Moscow, Russia, Esaulenko N.B. , Tkachenko O.V. ,   Military Clinical Hospital named after academician N.N. Burdenko Russian Defense Ministry, Moscow, Russia, Kazakov S.P. ,   Military Clinical Hospital named after academician N.N. Burdenko Russian Defense Ministry, Moscow, Russia,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
Published: July 2021

Microorganisms' resistance to antibacterial drugs is now a major threat to human health and public health. The aim of the work was to conduct a comparative study of the species composition and resistance to antimicrobial treatments of microorganisms isolated from patients during the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection in 2020 with that from patients in 2019. The work examined bacterial strains isolated from patients with bacterial complications from COVID-19 in the intensive care unit of the Infectious Diseases Center in 2020 and from patients of the same departments treated before the pandemic of new coronavirus infection in 2019. It has been found that the species composition and resistance of microorganisms, received from patients during the pandemic in 2020, differs from those received from patients of the same departments of the same hospital in 2019. The number of polyresistent and panresistent microorganisms has increased significantly, bacterial microflora redistributed to responsible bronchopulge complications, in biomaterial, including bronchoalveolar lavage, increased the number of yeast fungi. Monitoring of microbiological strains will allow us to analyze the structure of pathogens in a particular unit, levels of their resistance to antimicrobials, as well as to identify the distribution mechanisms of microflora. The findings will facilitate the prescribing of rational empirical antimicrobial therapy and the planning of proactive measures to prevent the spread of hospital infection.
Features of preoperative planning for hip arthroplasty
Authors:   Main Military Clinical Hospital named after academician N.N. Burdenko Russian Defense Ministry, Moscow, Russia, Buryachenko B.P. , Vartholomew D.I. ,   Main Military Clinical Hospital named after academician N.N. Burdenko Russian Defense Ministry, Moscow, Russia
Published: July 2021

Relevance. Preoperative planning is an integral stage of hip replacement surgery, which reduces the number of complications and improves the accuracy of the installation of endoprosthesis components. Goal. Assess the accuracy of digital preoperative planning using mediCAD® v.6. Material and methods. The study included data from 276 patients with idiopathic coxarthrosis who were treated at the orthopedic department of the Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics of the Main Military Clinical Hospital named after N.N. Burdenko in the period from 2018 to 2020.The patients had X-rays of the pelvis and hip joint in two projections. All patients underwent total hip arthroplasty with cementless endoprostheses. Before surgery, all patients underwent preoperative planning using the mediCAD® v.6 software. After the operation, a control X-ray was performed, followed by an assessment of the obtained images in the same software. The planning accuracy was evaluated by comparing the parameters that were calculated in the program before the operation with the parameters of the installed implants. The results. The conducted study demonstrated the high accuracy of digital preoperative planning. The coincidence of the planned sizes of the acetabular component of the endoprosthesis and a deviation within +/- one size was observed in 93% of patients, femoral — in 84% of patients. Conclusion. Preoperative planning is an integral stage of hip replacement surgery, which allows you to perform the necessary preparation for the intervention. Digital planning allows you to simplify and speed up the process of preparing for an operation and improve the quality of its execution.
Fekunditas Optimal Ikan Rainbow Boesemani (Melanotaenia boesemani) Dengan Perbandingan Beberapa Ukuran
Authors: Mujadid Iqbal , Ediyanto  , Nurhidayat
Published: July 2021

Penelitian tentang fekunditas optimal ikan Rainbow Boesmani. Perlakuan dilihat dari perbedaan ukuran yaitu panjang ikan P1(3-3,9cm), P2(4-4,9cm), P3(5-5,9cm), P4(6-6,9cm), dan P5(7-7,9cm). Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) 5 perlakuan dan 6 ulangan, apabila terdapat perbedaan pada perlakuan di uji lanjut dengan Uji BNT untuk mengetahui perbedaan pada tiap-tiap perlakuan. Parameter utama yang diukur adalah jumlah telur baik total maupun relatif dan tingkat kematangan gonad secara visual dan mikroskopis. Dari kelima perlakuan dan enam kali ulangan yang dilakukan, menghasilkan panjang ikan dengan ukuran 7-7,9cm mendapatkan hasil terbaik yaitu fekunditas total sebanyak 367 butir dan fekunditas relatif sebanyak 81 butir. Tingkat kematangan gonad tertinggi diperoleh dari perlakuan ke-5 yaitu panjang induk 7-7,9cm dengan tingkat kematangan gonad stadium lima (TKG-5)
Analisis Usaha Budidaya Rumput Laut (Eucheuma cottonii) di Pulau Pari, Kepulauan Seribu
Authors: Dinda Husnul Syarifah Achsya , Danakusumah Edward , Rahmani Urip
Published: July 2021

Rumput laut merupakan salah satu potensi sumberdaya yang telah dikembangkan di Indonesia dengan memiliki prospek yang baik.Karena tingginya jumlah permintaan rumput laut maka menyebabkan produksi budidaya rumput laut makin meningkat. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan data primer, sekunder serta studi literatur yang terkait, dengan menggunakan analisis data kelayakan pendapatan usaha (R-C Ratio, BEP, PP, ROI) dan analisis kriteria investasi (NPV, Net B/C, IRR). Teknik budidaya yang digunakan oleh nelayan rumput laut adalah teknik lepas dasar yang umum dilakukan oleh para nelayan di Pulau Pari, serta proses budidaya mulai dari pembibitan, pemeliharaan masa tanam dan pemanenan. Hasil dari analisis kelayakan pendapatan usaha menjukan nilai R/C: 3,02. BEP: Rp.4385.799,-. ROI: 1,2%, dan PP: 4,08. Hasil dari analisis lriteria investasi dengan nilai NPV: Rp. 30.619.928. Net B/C: 2,529 dan IRR 89,23%. Dengan hasil panen yang dicapai mendapatkan hasil 600 Kg rumput laut.
Evaluasi Kecernaan Pakan Ikan Nila Oreochromis niloticus Pada Tiga Stadia Yang Berbeda
Authors: Rahmatia Firsty
Published: July 2021

Pakan merupakan salah satu bagian terpenting dalam budidaya secara intensif. Ditinjau dari segi ekonomi, biaya yang dikeluarkan untuk kebutuhan pakan mencapai 65% dari total biaya produksi. Ikan memperoleh energi untuk melakukan segala aktivitas kehidupan dan pertumbuhan dari pakan yang dikonsumsinya. Pakan yang dimakan tidak akan seluruhnya dimanfaatkan oleh ikan untuk pemenuhan energi tersebut. Sebelum diserap oleh tubuh dan dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber energi dan pertumbuhan, pakan yang dimakan akan melalui beberapa jalur terlebih dahulu. Sisa pakan yang tidak dapat diserap akan dikeluarkan kembali dari tubuh dalam bentuk feses. Dengan demikian, kemampuan penyerapan pakan oleh ikan bergantung pada kemampuan cerna pakan oleh ikan itu sendiri. Semakin baik kemampuan cerna ikan maka akan semakin sedikit sisa makanan yang dibuangnya (feses). Penelitian ini perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui kecernaan ikan nila pada tiga stadia yang berbeda (kecil, sedang, dan besar). Kemudian dapat dilihat profil aktivitas enzim terkait dengan stadia dan kemampuan pemanfaatan pakan. Ukuran ikan nila besar yang digunakan adalah 7 – 8 cm dengan bobot rata – rata 25,17 g/ekor, nila sedang 4-5 cm dengan bobot rata-rata 13,58 g/ekor dan nila kecil 2 – 3 cm dengan bobot rata – rata 0,74 g/ekor. Parameter yang diamati adalah Jumlah Konsumsi Pakan (JKP), Pertumbuhan Relatif (PR), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Retensi Lemak (RL), Retensi Protein (RP), Kecernaan, dan enzim protease. Jumlah konsumsi pakan ikan besar lebih banyak daripada jumlah konsumsi pakan ikan sedang dan kecil, namun sebaliknya, pertumbuhan relatif ikan besar dan sedang lebih kecil daripada ikan kecil. Namun, aktivitas enzim protease dan kecernaan tidak memiliki perbedaan yang berbeda nyata.
Analisis Tingkat Pemanfaatan dan Musim Penangkapan Ikan Pelagis di Perairan Prigi, Jawa Timur
Authors: Ilhamdi Hari , Telussa Riena F , Ernaningsih Dwi
Published: July 2021

Sumberdaya ikan pelagis memegang peranan penting dalam industri perikanan Indonesia. Meningkatnya permintaan produk perikanan, menyebabkan eksploitasi terhadap sumberdaya ini terus dilakukan baik oleh perikanan tradisional maupun semi industri. Penangkapan yang terus menerus dilakukan dapat mengancam kelestarian sumberdaya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk ; (1) Menghitung nilai MSY ikan pelagis di Perairan Prigi; (2) Menganalisis tingkat pemanfaatan ikan pelagis di Perairan Prigi; (3) Mengetahui musim ikan pelagis di Perairan Prigi. Penelitian dilakukan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara Prigi Trenggalek Jawa Timur bulan Juni - Juli 2014. Data yang digunakan adalah data hasil tangkapan dari tahun dari 2006 hingga 2013. Analisa data menggunakan model surplus produksi dengan menggunakan metode Schaefer. Analisa musim penangkapan menggunakan metode rata rata bergerak. Indeks tertinggi merupakan musim ikan dan indeks terendah merupakan musim paceklikTerdapat 4 jenis ikan pelagis yaitu tongkol krai (Auxis thazard), layang (Decapterus macrosoma), lemuru (Sardinela lemuru), dan cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis). Produksi ikan tongkol krai pada tahun 2013 sebanyak 7.291 ton, dengan MSY sebesar 7.783 ton. Tingkat pemanfaatan ikan tongkol krai di Prigi sebesar 94%. Status pemanfaatan ikan tongkol krai telah masuk tahap fully exploited. Produksi ikan layang pada tahun 2013 sebanyak 5.050 ton dengan MSY sebesar 4.106 ton, dan tingkat pemanfaatan telah melebihi MSY yaitu sebesar 123%. Status pemanfaatan over exploited. Produksi ikan lemuru hingga 2013 sebanyak 3.051 ton, dengan MSY sebesar 3.304 ton, dan tingkat pemanfaatan 93%. Status pemanfaatan ikan lemuru telah masuk tahap fully exploited. Produksi ikan cakalang hingga 2013 sebanyak 616 ton dengan MSY sebesar 949 ton. Tingkat pemanfaatan rata-rata sebesar 83% dan status penangkapan juga telah masuk fully exploited. Terdapat empat jenis ikan pelagis lainnya yang juga tertangkap di Perairan Prigi setiap tahunnya yaitu lemadang (Coryphanea hippurus), slengseng (Scomber australasius), tetengkek (Chorinrmus tol) dan bentong (Selaroides chrumenupthalmus). Ikan tersebut merupakan hasil tangkapan sampingan (by catch) dan jumlahnya relatif kecil yakni rata rata di bawah 2 % dari total produksi ikan pelagis di Prigi.Berdasarkan nilai indeks musim penangkapan diketahui Musim ikan lemuru dan layang terjadi 2 kali dalam setahun yaitu pada musim peralihan II dari musim timur ke musim barat (Juli- September) dan awal musim barat (Oktober). Musim paceklik berlangsung dari bulan Desember hingga April. Musim ikan tongkol krai di Prigi berlangsung dari bulan April hingga Oktober. Bulan Desember hingga Maret merupakan musim paceklik ikan Tongkol krai. Musim ikan cakalang berlangsung semenjak bulan Juni hingga Desember dengan musim puncak di bulan September hingga Oktober, sedangkan musim paceklik ikan cakalang berlangsung dari bulan Januari hingga bulan Mei.
Analisis Kelayakan dan Keberlanjutan Pengembangan Wisata Cetacean Watching di Kabupaten Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Sirait Marlenny
Published: July 2021

Analisis Kelayakan dan Keberlanjutan Pengembangan Wisata Cetacean Watching di Kabupaten Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur
Tingkat Prevalensi Parasit Perkinsus sp. terhadap kerang di Teluk Jakarta
Authors: Nainggolan Armen
Published: July 2021

Perkinsiosisis a disease caused by the protozoan parasite Perkinsus sp. that can infect shellfish, especially bivalve molluscs, in various parts of the world. Molecular identification and prevalence of Perkinsus sp. parasitism in shellfish traded in Jakarta, especially green mussel (Perna viridis), blood cockle (Anadara granosa) and blood clam (Anadara inflata)were collected from TPI Muara Angke, TPI Muara Kamal, TPI Muara Baru and TPI Cilincing. Established from gill and mantle fragment examined with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test. The primer of Perkinsus genus is PerkITS‐85 forward 5 'CCG GAT TTG CTT TGT CCC 3' and PerkITS‐750 reverse 5 'ACA TCA CTT GGC CTA ATG ATG 3'.The extraction and amplification reagent used Promega Kit. Results of PCR showed the presence of Perkinsus sp.in blood cockle and blood clam from TPI Muara Angke, TPI Muara Kamal, TPI Muara Baru and TPI Cilincing on the 703 bp of electroforesis product. The highest prevalence of Perkinsus sp. in blood clam (Anadara inflata) located in TPI Muara Angke are 46 % followed by TPI Muara Kamal 34 %, TPI Muara Baru 34 % and TPI Cilincing 32 %. The highest prevalence of Perkinsus sp. in blood cockle (Anadara granosa) located in TPI Muara Kamal are 50 % followedby TPI Muara Angke 43 % , TPI Cilincing 32 % and TPI Muara Baru 26 %.
Manipulasi Lingkungan Untuk Pemijahan Ikan Hias Rasbora (Argyrotaenia sp) di Wadah Terkontrol
Authors: Nurhidayat
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAKRasbora sp. merupakan salah satu ikan hias air tawar Indonesia yang mempunyai nilai ekonomis penting. Sampai saat ini pemenuhan kebutuhan pasar masih mengandalkan hasil tangkapan dari alam. Permintaan Rasbora sp. yang terus meningkat dapat mengakibatkan berkurangnya sumberdaya di alam bahkan bisa mengalami kepunahan. Penelitian ikan hias ini dilakukan untuk menjawab kebutuhan teknologi dalam memenuhi permintaan pasar ikan Rasbora sp. untuk menghindari kepunahan plasma nutfah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pertumbuhan, kematangan gonad dan reproduksi ikan Rasbora axelrodi yang dipelihara dalam substrat berbeda. Satuan percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah: A. Eichornia crassipes, B. hidryla, C. melati air dan D. tali plastik. Parameter yang diamati meliputi pertumbuhan kematangan gonad, reproduksi dan kualitas air. Ikan yang dipelihara menunjukkan kematangan gonad yang sempurna sehingga terjadi pemijahan. Hasil pemeliharaan larva yang dilakukan selama penelitian menunjukkan pertambahan panjang tertinggi diperoleh perlakuan A. 1.46 cm/ekor, diikuti perlakuan D. 0.85 cm, B. 0.70 cm/ekor dan C. 0.44 cm/ekor. Sedangkan pertumbuhan bobot tertinggi diperoleh perlakuan B. dan C dengan berat 0.07 gram/ekor diikuti A. 0.06 gram/ekor dan D. 0.04 gram/ekor. Selama pemeliharaan diperoleh nilai sintasan yang diperoleh di akhir penelitian yaitu melati air 83.33% diikuti oleh hidryla 80.6%, enceng gondok 53.3% dan tali rafia 47.8%. Tingkat kematangan gonad ikan Rasbora tertinggi diperoleh perlakuan dengan melati air, hidryla, enceng gondok dan tali ravia. Bulan kelima pemeliharaan ikan dengan mealti air memijah namun benih yang dihasilkan masih sedikit. Kualitas air selama pemeliharaan masih dalam kisaran yang baik untuk ikan Rasbora sp.
Inovasi Teknologi Padat Tebar Awal Terhadap Kelangsungan Hidup dan Pertumbuhan Benih Patin Hibrid Pasupati Dalam Sistem Resirkulasi
Authors: Dhewantara Yudha Lestira
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui padat tebar awal yang optimal dalam sistem resirkulasi yang dapat menghasilkan kelangsungan hidup dan pertumbuhan larva patin pasupati tertinggi. Tingkat kepadatan larva patin pasupati yang diuji dalam penelitian ini adalah 20 ekor/L, 40 ekor/L, 60 ekor/L, 80 ekor/L dan 100 ekor/L. Larva patin hibrid pasupati dipelihara selama 42 hari dalam bak fiber berukuran 57 cm x 36 cm x 29 cm yang dilengkapi dengan sistem resirkulasi dan diisi air sebanyak 30 L. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 5 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah kelangsungan hidup, pertumbuhan panjang mutlak dan pertumbuhan berat mutlak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa padat penebaran awal 20 ekor/L, 40 ekor/L, 60 ekor/L, 80 ekor/L dan 100 ekor/L menunjukkan perbedaan pada kelangsungan hidup, pertumbuhanpanjang mutlak dan pertumbuhan berat mutlak. Padat penebaran awal yang terbaik adalah padat penebaran 40 ekor/L dengan kelangsungan hidup sebesar 66,14%, pertumbuhan panjang mutlak 5,03 cm dan pertumbuhan bobot mutlak 2,05 gram. Padat penebaran tertinggi (100 ekor/L) masih menghasilkan kelangsungan hidup, pertumbuhan panjang mutlak dan pertumbuhan bobot mutlak yang tidak berbeda dengan padat penebaran 60 ekor/L.
KIRIM’IN İŞGALİNDE DIŞİŞLERİ BAKANLIĞI VE LUDENDORFF (1918)
Authors: BAUMGART Winfried
Published: July 2021

I. Dünya Savaşı esnasında paylaşılamayan bir bölge olan Kırım; Rusya, Ukrayna, Almanya ve Osmanlı Devleti arasında rekabet konusu olmuştur. Stratejik açıdan son derece önemli olan bu bölge, 1783 yılında Rus Çarlığı tarafından işgal edilmiş ve 1918 yılında Alman işgaline uğramıştır. Uzun zamandır Rusların zulmünden bıkmış olan bölge halkı Almanları hoşgörü ile karşılamışlar ve onların gelişini kendi bağımsızlıkları için bir fırsat olarak değerlendirmek istemişlerdir. Nisan-Ekim 1918 tarihleri arasında Kırım’da Alman işgal devri yaşanmıştır. Bu süre içinde Alman Hükümeti ve Ordu Yüksek Komutanlığı arasında Kırım politikaları ile ilgili pek çok görüş ayrılığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Rusya, Ukrayna ve Osmanlı Devletini de hesaba katmak durumunda olan Alman Hükümeti, ordunun başında Kırım’da bulunan General Erich von Ludendorff’u kontrol etmeye çalışmaktadır. Çünkü Ludendoff Kırım bölgesinde ilerlemeyi savunmakta ve kontrolsüz bir şekilde hareket etmektedir. Bu çalışmada I. Dünya Savaşı esnasında Kırım’daki Alman işgali ve Almanya’nın politikaları işlenmektedir. En önemli husus ise tüm bilgilerin tamamen Alman arşiv belgelerine dayanılarak kaleme alınmış olmasıdır.
TOKTAMIŞ VE TİMUR'UN MÜCADELESİ ZAMANINDA VEBA
Authors: MİRGALEEV İlnur M.
Published: July 2021

Altın Orda Devleti, kendi zamanına hem siyasî-politik hem de sosyo-ekonomik belirleyici rolüyle damgasını vurmuş bir devlettir. Kudretli Cengiz Ulusu’nun, aynı kudretten ödün vermeyen bir parçasıydı Altın Orda. Aynı zamanda, Türklerin de Altın Çağları diye adlandırabileceğimiz bir dönemde varlığını sürdürmekteydi. Bunun yanı sıra dünyayı kendi avuçlarına sığdırmaya namzet, keskin zekâlı şahsiyetlerin de Türkistan İçlerinden, Mısır’a kadar ki bölgelerde hüküm sürdükleri bir dönemdi. Büyük Cihân Hakimiyeti ile yanıp-tutuşan ve bu uğurda birbiri ile cengi dahi göze alabilecek bu kuvvetli devletler zemininde, Altın Orda da ayakta durmayı başarabilmişti. Tâ ki 14.yüzyılın sonuna geldiğimizde, Toktamış Han’ın Timur ile karşılaşmasına kadar... Bu mücadele Altın Orda Devleti için müspet tesiri günümüze kadar sürecek olan bir yıkımın başlangıcı olmuştu. Ne hazindir ki; tarih dediğimiz gökyüzü, parlayan yıldızlarla tezyin olduğu gibi, bu yıldızların tükendiği bir mezarlıktır ayrıca. İşte Altın Orda Devleti de böylelikle bu mezardaki yerini almıştı.

Altın Orda Devleti’nin, bu mücadelede aldığı yenilginin sebepleri hakkında birçok çalışma yapılmıştır; muhtelif görüşler öne sürülmüştür. Bu makalede ise yardımcı ilimlerden faydalanılarak –bilhassa tıbbî ilimlerden fayda sağlayarak- değişik bir görüş ileri sürülmüştür. Gayet mantıkî bir çerçevede Kara Ölüm adı verilen ve Orta Çağ’ın korkulu rüyası olan Veba, bu büyük yenilginin ana sebebi olarak görülmüştür. Makale, aynı zamanda, doğa bilimlerinin de kullanılmasından mürekkep bir araştırma yöntemi sunması açısından da önemlidir.
A Comparison of Selected Assessment Results before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in One University in South Africa
Authors: Mafugu Tafirenyika
Published: July 2021

The study examined the impact of coursework-only assessment, as made necessary at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, adopting a quantitative research approach with 1013 students. The data obtained were analysed using SPSS version 27.0 to obtain descriptive and inferential statistics. The results revealed significant differences between the 2019- and 2020 marks for the same courses. In two of the science courses (T2 and T3), the mean scores for 2019 were significantly higher than the mean scores for 2020. In the mathematics course, the 2020 marks were significantly higher than the marks for 2019. While a normal distribution was assumed for the science courses, the mathematic course showed marks that were skewed to the right. A higher number of distinctions in the F1 course and a significant decline in the mean scores for T1 and T2 implies that there is a need for professional development of lecturers teaching in the online space. It is, therefore, recommended that higher education lecturers need adequate professional development on setting and administering online assessments. The assessment should test adequate lower- and higher-order cognitive skills for sufficient testing of student knowledge during online assessments. Furthermore, a variety of assessment methods and a diversity of tasks may be used to ensure the reliability of the assessment outcomes.
Financial Development, Institutions and Economic Growth in WAEMU Countries
Authors: Dieng Abdou Khadre , Camara Abdoulaye
Published: July 2021

This paper aims to study the impact of financial development and the institutional environment on economic growth in the countries of the WAEMU (West Africa Economic and Monetary Union) zone. We used a standard growth model like Eggoh (2010) with a cointegration technique on panel data. We used the 2017 World Bank database (World Bank data, 2017).

The results showed that money supply to GDP (M2/GDP), domestic bank credit to GDP (CB/GDP) and regulatory quality (QR) have a positive and significant impact on long-term economic growth. However, the positive effect of respect for law and order is not significant.
The Impact of Fiscal Policy on Economic Growth in Palestine
Authors: Abbadi Suleiman M. , Olabi Mohammad , Owida Haytham , Shuku Abdelfattah Abu
Published: July 2021

This study aims at finding the impact of fiscal policy with its various instruments such as, current expenditures, capital expenditures, Tax revenues, non-Tax revenues, foreign assistance and value added tax revenues on economic growth in Palestine represented by the rate of growth of real GDP during the period 1996-2018.

A Multiple Regression Analysis was used to build the model and test the hypothesis.

The estimated results showed four of the six independent variables have a significant effect on economic growth, with current and development expenditure having a positive effect while tax and non-tax revenue having a negative effect. On the other hand, foreign aid and clearing tax by Israeli authorizations have no significant effect on economic growth, (though, the last one is significant at 10%).

The study has also found that government expenditures need to be redistributed between current and development expenditures so as to increase the share of development expenditures in order to maintain a high growth rate.

The paper recommends that the tax rate should be reduced on productive projects which are designed to decrease the unemployment rate and increase the rate of growth.

The study has also pointed out to the significance of re-negotiating the Paris accord with the Israeli authorities so as to improve the terms of this accord, especially in the case of collecting the VAT revenues.
Effect of Using Urea Formaldehyde Modified with Extracts in Plywood on Formaldehyde Emission
Authors: Bilgin Ugur , Colakoglu Gursel
Published: July 2021

Formaldehyde-based adhesives are used in the forestry industry. This is because formaldehyde is inexpensive, easy to use and resistant to moisture; it also has particular mechanical effects. Formaldehyde has both advantages and disadvantages. It is known that various diseases such as lung cancer occur in humans as a result of the release of formaldehyde into the air during and after board production. In this study, a urea formaldehyde glue mixture was prepared by using four different fillers (extract of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) and elm (Ulmus glabra) bark, extract of hazelnut (Corylus avellana) husk and acorn tannins) at two different ratios. The bonding shear strength of pine (Pinus sylvestris) and spruce (Picea orientalis) plywood produced with urea formaldehyde adhesive was tested according to EN 314-1 standard. All plywood, except the plywood with acorn tannin, met the requirements of the standard. A formaldehyde emission test of the plywood was carried out in accordance with EN 713-3 standard. With this approach, it is possible to quickly determine formaldehyde emissions. Experimental results were obtained for subsequent measurements, including chamber tests. It was observed that the elm bark extract reduced the formaldehyde emission of pine plywood by 40 %, while other fillers reduced it by 3-37 %.
The Effect of Artificial Weathering on Surface Properties of Thermally Modified Oriental Beech Wood
Authors: Turkoglu Turkay , Peker Huseyin , Kucuktuvek Mustafa , Altay Caglar , Gunduz Ahmet , Baysal Ergun , Toker Hilmi
Published: July 2021

The study aimed to determine some surface parameters such as surface roughness and color changes of thermally modified Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) wood samples after 750 hours of artificial weathering. The results of the study showed that artificial weathering led to an increase in surface roughness of Oriental beech wood. Thermal modification interval of 210 °C - 230 °C gave a smoother surface than unmodified samples after artificial weathering. Artificial weathering caused darker, reddish, and yellowish tone of unmodified and thermally modified Oriental beech wood. According to the study fi ndings, surface properties of thermally modified Oriental beech wood were better than those of unmodified Oriental beech.
SMART Reflections on Policy Coherence, Legal Developments in the Netherlands and the Case for EU Harmonisation
Authors: Sjåfjell Beate , Veldman Jeroen
Published: July 2021

SMART Reflections on Policy Coherence, Legal Developments in the Netherlands and the Case for EU Harmonisation Afterword to Erasmus Law Review Special Issue ‘Towards responsible business conduct in global value chains: policy coherence and relevant legal developments in the Netherlands’

The EU-funded project Sustainable Market Actors for Responsible Trade (SMART, 2016-2020), undertook an interdisciplinary and multilevel regulatory analysis of the barriers and possibilities for securing the contribution of private and public market actors to a sustainable future. Jurisdiction-specific contributions were an essential part of this broad regulatory analysis. This afterword reflects on the Dutch contributions included in this Special Issue, emphasising the urgency of securing policy coherence for sustainable business. The afterword highlights how individual initiatives by national legislators such as those of the Netherlands can be inspiring examples, while they also bring with them challenges including questions of scope and of legal certainty for businesses, specifically with regard to cross-border operations and activities. This leaves business with the difficult task of figuring out the various requirements and expectations and may lead to regulatory competition between EU member states. The afterword therefore concludes with a call for EU harmonisation, to give sustainability-oriented business a level playing field and provide legal certainty both for decision-makers in business and for those affected by the conduct of business across global value chains.
Investigating the Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Descurainia sophia(L.) Webb ex Prantl on Blood Glucose, Biochemistry Parameters, Fatty Profile, and Serology Factor in Diabetic Male Rats
Authors: Sadeghi Morteza , Ebrahimi Borujeni Farshad , Ghodsi Saman , Moshtaghian Jamal
Published: July 2021

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine diseases. Studying the plants and effective compounds from plant extracts to prevent diabetes has become recently important. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract on blood glucose level, biochemical parameters, fat profile, and serological parameters in diabetic rats. Methods: In this study, 42 Wistar outbred rats were studied. The rats were divided into seven groups namely the control group, the control group with 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of the Descurainia sophia extract, the diabetic rats, the diabetic rats receiving 0.4 mg/kg of glibenclamide, and the diabetic rats treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg of the D. sophia extract. Streptozotocin was used for the diabetic rats through intraperitoneal injection, and extract was used by gavage method. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the research data in SPSS software. Results: The results showed that administration of D. sophia extract to diabetic rats reduces the blood glucose, biochemical enzymes level, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol. There was no significant difference in cholesterol levels. In the rats which received the extract, the amount of albumin decreased and the amount of urea and creatinine increased significantly. Conclusions: Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that this extract can be useful in preventing diabetes by reducing blood glucose, changing biochemical enzyme level, fat profile, and serological parameters; as D. sophia hydroalcoholic extract contains various compounds.
Multimodal MRI Features of Medulloblastoma with Extensive Nodularity and Activated Sonic Hedgehog: A Case Report
Authors: Kim Jihyun , Baek Byung Hyun , Lee Yun Young , Yoon Woong , Lee Kyung-Hwa , Baek Hee Jo , Kim Seul Kee
Published: July 2021

: Medulloblastoma with extensive nodularity (MBEN) is a rare histological subtype of medulloblastomas in very young children. It is characterized by an aggressive grape-like appearance and favorable outcomes. Herein, we report the case of a nine-month-old patient with MBEN, associated with an activated sonic hedgehog (SHH), with rare multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features. Conventional MRI findings indicated the dense homogeneous enhancement of a large unusual gyriform mass in the cerebellar vermis and both cerebellar hemispheres. The mass showed restricted diffusion on diffusion-weighted images, low concentrations of taurine on MR spectroscopy, and a relatively low cerebral blood volume on dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MR perfusion image. The patient underwent partial tumor resection, chemotherapy, and autologous blood stem cell transplantation. After treatment, the lesion rapidly regressed in the serial follow-up imaging without recurrence.
The Crazy-Paving Pattern in Chest CT Imaging of COVID-19 Patients: An Alarming Sign for Hospitalization
Authors: Baeis Mehdi Gholamzadeh , Mozafari Abolfazl , Movaseghi Fatemeh , Yadollahzadeh Mahdi , Sohrabi Ahmad , Afsharpad Mandana , Masjedi Mohammad Reza
Published: July 2021

Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a major threat to all humans. Objectives: To assess the association between the patients’ clinical and laboratory records, computed tomography (CT) findings, and epidemiological features of COVID-19 with the severity of the disease. Patients and Methods: In this retrospective case-control study conducted on the medical records of confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia patients on admission, we investigated the CT manifestations and clinical and laboratory risk factors for progression to severe COVID-19 pneumonia. The medical records and radiological CT features of confirmed COVID-19 patients were reviewed in one public hospital and one respiratory clinic in Qom, Iran, from August 1 to September 30, 2020. Results: Of 236 confirmed COVID-19 cases, 62 were infected with moderate to severe COVID-19 and required hospital admission, and 174 were followed-up on an outpatient basis. A significant difference was found in the mean age of the outpatient and hospitalized groups. The incidence of bilateral lung involvement, consolidations, linear opacities, crazy-paving pattern, air bronchogram, and number of lobes involved were significantly higher in the hospitalized group compared to the outpatient group. However, the crazy-paving pattern was only significantly associated with an oxygen saturation (SpO2) level < 90% and, coughing. Our findings indicated that the crazy-paving pattern was significantly associated with the inflammatory phase. The presence of this pattern on admission, SpO2 < 90%, older age, and diabetes were independent risk factors for progression to severe COVID-19. Conclusion: The crazy-paving pattern can predict the severity of COVID-19, which is of great importance in the management and follow-up of COVID-19 pneumonia patients. Clinical factors, such as aging, male gender, and diabetes, may be risk factors for the crazy-paving pattern. Severe cough is the most important clinical sign related to this pattern, along with an SpO2 < 90%, which is an important sign of COVID-19 severity.
Successful Transcatheter Arterial Embolization Using N-Butyl-2-Cyanoacrylate as a Treatment for Refractory Inferior Epigastric Artery Pseudoaneurysm Accompanied by an Enterocutaneous Fistula: A Case Report
Authors: Song Myung Won , Park Chan , Kim Hyoung Ook , Lee Byung Chan
Published: July 2021

: Inferior epigastric artery (IEA) pseudoaneurysms are well-known postoperative abdominal complications, which often require proper treatment. Treatment options include surgical ligation, transcatheter embolization, and thrombin injection. Here, we report a rare case of an IEA pseudoaneurysm, accompanied by a postsurgical enterocutaneous fistula. The pseudoaneurysm relapsed after transcatheter coil embolization and percutaneous thrombin injection; it was completely occluded by transcatheter arterial embolization using n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate. The present case shows that a coexisting enterocutaneous fistula can affect the unresponsiveness of patients with IEA pseudoaneurysm to widely accepted treatments, such as coil embolization and thrombin injection, by creating an inflammatory environment. In such cases, repeated therapeutic trials may be required. Transcatheter arterial embolization using n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate can be a feasible therapeutic option for patients with refractory IEA pseudoaneurysm, accompanied by an enterocutaneous fistula.
In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Luliconazole, Efinaconazole, and Nine Comparators Against Aspergillus and Candida Strains Isolated from Otomycosis
Authors: Shokoohi Gholamreza , Rouhi Sefidmazgi Reza , Etehadnezhad Mohammad , Ahmadi Bahram , Javidnia Javad , Nouripour-Sisakht Sadegh , Hooshmand Farhang , Rezaei-Matehkolaei Ali , Tabatabaeifar Seyede Nadia , Ansari Saham
Published: July 2021

Background: Aspergillus and Candida species are the most commonly identified fungal pathogens in otomycosis. However, we usually encounter some difficulties in its treatment because many patients show resistance to antifungal agents and present a high recurrence rate. Objectives: The current research was conducted to compare the in vitro activities of luliconazole (LUL), and efinaconazole (EFN) and the nine comparators on Aspergillus and Candida strains isolated from otomycosis. Methods: The in vitro activities of nine common antifungal drugs (amphotericin B (AMB), voriconazole (VRC), fluconazole (FLU), itraconazole (ITC), ketoconazole (KTO), clotrimazole (CLO), nystatin (NYS), terbinafine (TRB), and caspofungin (CAS)) and two novel new azoles (LUL and EFN) against 108 clinical isolates of Aspergillus and Candida species obtained from otomycosis were assessed according to the CLSI broth microdilution document. Results: The LUL and EFN had the geometric mean minimum inhibitory concentrations (GM MICs) of 0.098 and 0.109 μg/mL against all Aspergillus strains, respectively. Furthermore, the GM MICs of all Candida isolates for LUL, EFN, CAS, CLO, VRC, AMB, ITC, KTO, FLU, NYS, and TRB were calculated to be 0.133, 0.144, 0.194, 0.219, 0.475, 0.537, 0.655, 1.277, 4.905, 9.372, and 13.592 μg/mL, respectively. Additionally, 6 (35.29%), 2 (11.7%), and 1 (5.88%) Candida isolates were resistant to FLU, CAS, and VRC, respectively. Conclusions: As the findings indicated, LUL and EFN showed the lowest GM MIC values against the examined species. Accordingly, these novel imidazole and triazole antifungal agents can be regarded as proper candidates for the treatment of otomycosis caused by Aspergillus and Candida strains.
Evaluating the Inhibitory Effects of Dichloromethane and Methanol Extracts of Salvia macilenta and Salvia officinalis on the Diabetes Marker Enzyme, Alpha-Glucosidase: An Approach for the Treatment of Diabetes
Authors: Javid Hassan , Moein Soheila , Moein Mahmood Reza
Published: July 2021

Background: Diabetes mellitus is believed to be the most serious metabolic disease. One of the treatments for diabetes is to delay glucose uptake by inhibiting carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors delay glucose uptake. Objectives: The present study was conducted aiming to evaluate the efficacy of Salvia extracts in inhibiting diabetes marker enzymes and their effects on the treatment of diabetes. Methods: This experimental study was performed in vitro. The studied plants included Salvia macilenta and Salvia officinalis. The inhibitory effects of their dichloromethane and methanol extracts were also investigated. After calculating the percentage of inhibition and IC50, Km and Vmax using GraphPad Prism 7 were also calculated. The statistical analysis was performed employing GraphPad Instat 3 software. Results: The results herein showed that the greatest inhibitory effect on alpha-glucosidase belonged to the methanol extract of S. macilenta with IC50 = 8.73 ± 0.26 mg/mL compared to that of acarbose with IC50 = 8.82 ± 0.14 mg/mL as a standard. The IC50 of dichloromethane extract of S. officinalis was 8.95 ± 0.23 mg/mL. Conclusions: The extracts had significant inhibitory effects on alpha-glucosidase. However, methanol extract of S. macilenta and dichloromethane extract of S. officinalis demonstrated the greatest inhibitory effects on alpha-glucosidase compared to acarbose as a standard.