bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Where do I even start?” Recommendations for faculty diversifying syllabi in ecology, evolution, and the life sciences
Authors: Perrin‐Stowe Tolulope I. N. , Horner Melissa , Coon Jaime J. , Lynch Lauren R. , de Flamingh Alida , Alexander Nathan B. , Golebie Elizabeth , Swartz Timothy M. , Bader Alyssa C. , Halsey Samniqueka J.
Published: January 2023

Diversifying curricula is of increasing interest in higher education, including in ecology and evolution and allied fields. Yet, many educators may not know where to start. Here we provide a framework for meeting standard curriculum goals while enacting anti‐racist and anti‐colonial syllabi that is grounded in the development of a sustainable network of educators. In addition to highlighting this professional learning process and sharing the list of resources our group has developed, we provide suggestions to help educators highlight contributions of minoritized groups, explore multiple ways of knowing, and perform critical assessments of foundational views of life and environmental science fields. We further discuss the key classroom dynamics that affect the success of such anti‐racist and anti‐colonial initiatives. The retention and success of minoritized students in ecology and evolution depends on whether we address injustices in our fields. Our hope is that our fellow educators will use this paper to catalyze their own efforts to diversify their courses.
Quantifying inflammation using interleukin‐6 for improved phenotyping and risk stratification in acute heart failure
Authors: Michou Eleni , Wussler Desiree , Belkin Maria , Simmen Cornelia , Strebel Ivo , Nowak Albina , Kozhuharov Nikola , Shrestha Samyut , Lopez‐Ayala Pedro , Sabti Zaid , Mork Constantin , Diebold Matthias , Péquignot Tiffany , Rentsch Katharina , von Eckardstein Arnold , Gualandro Danielle M. , Breidthardt Tobias , Mueller Christian
Published: January 2023

Aims

Systemic inflammation may be central in the pathophysiology of acute heart failure (AHF). We aimed to assess the possible role of systemic inflammation in the pathophysiology, phenotyping, and risk stratification of patients with AHF.

Methods and results

Using a novel Interleukin‐6 immunoassay with unprecedented sensitivity (limit of detection 0.01 ng/L), we quantified systemic inflammation in unselected patients presenting with acute dyspnoea to the emergency department in a multicentre study. One‐year mortality was the primary prognostic endpoint. Among 2042 patients, 1026 (50.2%) had an adjudicated diagnosis of AHF, 83.7% of whom had elevated interleukin‐6 concentrations (>4.45 ng/L). Interleukin‐6 was significantly higher in AHF patients compared to patients with other causes of dyspnoea (11.2 [6.1–26.5] ng/L vs. 9.0 [3.2–32.3] ng/L, p < 0.0005). Elevated interleukin‐6 concentrations were independently predicted by increasing N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide and high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T, as well as the clinical diagnosis of infection. Among the different AHF phenotypes, interleukin‐6 concentrations were highest in patients with cardiogenic shock (25.7 [14.0–164.2] ng/L) and lowest in patients with hypertensive AHF (9.3 [4.8–21.6] ng/L, p = 0.001). Inflammation as quantified by interleukin‐6 was a strong and independent predictor of 1‐year mortality both in all AHF patients, as well as those without clinically overt infection at presentation (adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] 1.45 [1.15–1.83] vs. 1.48 [1.09–2.00]). The addition of interleukin‐6 significantly improved the discrimination of the BIOSTAT‐CHF risk score.

Conclusion

An unexpectedly high percentage of patients with AHF have subclinical systemic inflammation as quantified by interleukin‐6, which seems to contribute to AHF phenotype and to the risk of death.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Ring‐Opening Addition of Activated Vinyl Cyclopropanes with N‐Tosylhydrazones
Authors: Wang Yiding , Shen Lei , Wang Helin , Luo Yixin , Zeng Qingle
Published: January 2023

Ring‐opening addition reaction of activated vinyl cyclopropanes with N‐tosylhydrazones in the presence of palladium(0) and triphenylphosphine affords N‐tosylhydrazone butenylmalonate compounds. Aromatic aldehyde‐derived N‐tosylhydrazones produced terminal and internal N‐allylated products, in which the terminal products are the main. While ketone‐derived tosylhydrazones produced only terminal addition products. The transformation relationship of the terminal and internal N‐allylated products in the reaction was also observed. A reasonable mechanism is proposed based on preliminary experimental results.
Differential pulse voltammetric determination of selected nitrophenols on novel type of porous silver working electrode prepared by powder metallurgy
Authors: Bountas Georgios , Vyskocil Vlastimil , Kratochvil Bohumil , Michalcova Alena , Economou Anastasios , Barek Jiri
Published: January 2023

Nitrophenols are important environmental pollutants and their monitoring is important because of their genotoxic and ecotoxic properties. Easy electrochemical reduction of nitro groups can be used for their voltammetric determination using mercury based electrodes. However, requirements of green analytical chemistry prompted us to investigate a novel type of silver porous electrode (AgPE) prepared by powder metallurgy compatible with both “green” and “white” analytical chemistry requirements. In this paper, AgPE was for the first time successfully used for differential pulse voltammetric determination of micromolar concentrations of 2‐nitrophenol (NP), 2,4‐dinitrophenol (DNP), and 2,4,6‐trinitrophenol (TNP) in aqueous media. The main advantage of the novel method is the possibility to use small sample volume (down to 25 μL) and to work in the presence of oxygen when using supporting electrolyte of pH 3. This advantage partially compensates the fact that the obtained sensitivity and limit of detection are not better than with the previously investigated electrodes.
Sensitive adsorptive stripping voltammetric procedure of Imatinib determination in spiked urine samples using solid lead microelectrode
Authors: Gęca Iwona , Korolczuk Mieczyslaw
Published: January 2023

This article reports for the first time the application of solid lead microelectrode for organic compound determination. The proposed sensor was used for anticancer drug Imatinib quantification by adsorptive stripping voltammetry. Procedure of Imatinib determination was developed utilizing advantages ensured by solid lead microelectrode: reusability and durability for a long period of time and its ecological character as compared to film electrodes. The detection limit of Imatinib determination was calculated to be 1.9 × 10−10 mol L−1. The analytical usability of the developed procedure was confirmed by acceptable recoveries of Imatinib determination in spiked urine samples.
Influence of the Crystallinity of Silver Nanoparticles on Their Magnetic Properties
Authors: Lin Long , Peng Xiaogang , Voirin Emilie , Donnio Bertrand , Rastei Mircea V. , Vileno Bertrand , Gallani Jean‐Louis
Published: January 2023

The magnetic properties of noble‐metal nanoparticles are a puzzling phenomenon, tentatively often explained as a size effect or a ligand effect. Many experimental studies performed to date have attempted to vary these readily available parameters without reaching a definitive conclusion. In an attempt at better understanding the role of core crystallinity on these magnetic properties, we have compared the behavior of silver nanoparticles, which were either single‐crystalline or multi‐twinned, of almost identical sizes and with the same ligand coating. Our results indicate that single‐crystalline nanoparticles tend to behave as classical paramagnetic materials, whereas multi‐twinned ones exhibit a combination of para‐ and ferro‐magnetic behaviors. Our hypothesis is that lattice defects within the core bear magnetic moments which couple through conduction electrons, with dipolar interactions also playing a local and macroscopic role.
Financial conflicts of interest of physicians followed by neurosurgical journals on Twitter
Authors: Powell Kerrington , McCall Kyle , Hooda Karan , Prasad Vinay , Kakkilaya Akash
Published: January 2023

Background

Social media, particularly Twitter, has played an increasing role in networking and the dissemination of neurosurgical research. Despite extensive study on financial conflicts of interest (FCOI) influencing medical research, little is known about the function of conflicts of interest on social media and the influence they may have. In this study, we sought to evaluate the FCOI of physicians followed on Twitter by the top three neurosurgical journals.

Materials and Methods

We analysed the FCOI of United States (US) physicians followed by the top three neurosurgical journals (Journal of Neurosurgery, World Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery) on Twitter. We determined the FCOIs of each physician using the Open Payments Search Tool located at https://openpaymentsdata.cms.gov and summed the data between 2014 and 2021.

Results

We examined 2651 Twitter accounts followed by the top three neurosurgical journals on Twitter and determined 705 (26.6%) belonged to US physicians. Of the 705 US physicians, 577 (81.8%) received general payments between 2014 and 2021. After excluding US physicians currently in residency or fellowship (n = 157), this percentage increased to 93.2% (n = 511/548). In total, nearly $70 million in general payments were made between 2014 and 2021.

Conclusion

These findings raise questions regarding the interaction between neurosurgical journals and the medical community on Twitter. This study may serve as the basis for future work on best practices for medical journals navigating their affiliations on Twitter.
Coinfections with SARS‐CoV‐2 variants and influenza virus during the 2019 Coronavirus disease pandemic in Burkina Faso: A surveillance study
Authors: Lingani Moussa , Cissé Assana , Tialla Dieudonné , Ilboudo Abdoul Kader , Savadogo Madi , Sawadogo Catherine , Gampini Sandrine , Tarnagda Grissoum , Tao Maria , Diagbouga Serge , Bamba Sanata , Tarnagda Zekiba
Published: January 2023

Background and Aim

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) particularly the variants of concern coinfections with influenza is a public health concern in Africa. We aimed to characterize the SARS‐CoV‐2 variants and determine the rate of coinfections with influenza in Burkina Faso.

Methods

COVID‐19 surveillance study was conducted between August 2021 and January 2022 using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Positive specimens were further screened for SARS‐CoV‐2 variants using the multiple variants real‐time PCR kits. In addition, influenza virus strains were detected by RT‐PCR in SARS‐CoV‐2 positive specimens using the CDC primers, probes, and protocols.

Results

Of 324 specimens assessed, the Omicron and Delta variants of SARS‐CoV‐2 were the most prevalent with 27.2% [95% confident interval (CI): 22.5–32.4] and 22.2% [95% CI: 17.9–27.2], respectively. The Beta and Gamma variants were detected in 4.3% [95% CI: 2.4–7.1] and 0.3% [95% CI: 0.0–1.7], respectively. Coinfections of Omicron and Beta variants were reported in 21.3% [95% CI: 17.0–26.2], Omicron and Delta variants in 1.2% [95% CI: 0.3–3.1] of specimens, and the Omicron–Gamma variants' coinfections in 0.6% [95% CI: 0.1–2.2]. One COVID‐19 specimen with an undetected SARS‐CoV‐2 variant was also tested positive for the seasonal influenza A (H3N2) virus. No cases of pandemic influenza A (H1N1)pdm09, seasonal A/H1N1, and influenza B were detected.

Conclusions

The current World Health Organization SARS‐CoV‐2 variants of concern were prevalent and their coinfections with influenza were uncommon. Continuous surveillance of both pathogens is, however, needed because of their public health implications.
Can a robot lie? Young children's understanding of intentionality beneath false statements
Authors: Peretti Giulia , Manzi Federico , Di Dio Cinzia , Cangelosi Angelo , Harris Paul L. , Massaro Davide , Marchetti Antonella
Published: January 2023

Including robots in children's lives calls for reflection on the psychological and moral aspects of such relationships, especially with respect to children's ability to differentiate intentional from unintentional false statements, that is, lies from mistakes. This ability calls for an understanding of an interlocutor's intentions. This study examined the ability of 5‐6‐year‐olds to recognize, and morally evaluate, lies and mistakes produced by a human as compared to a NAO robot, and to attribute relevant emotions to the deceived party. Irrespective of the agent, children had more difficulty in understanding mistakes than lies. In addition, they were disinclined to attribute a lie to the robot. Children's age and their understanding of intentionality were the strongest predictors of their performance on the lie‐mistake task. Children's Theory of Mind, but not their executive function skills, also correlated with their performance. Our findings suggest that, regardless of age, a robot is perceived as an intentional agent. Robot behaviour was more acceptable for children because his actions could be attributed to someone who programmed it to act in a specific way.

Highlights

The ability to recognize an intention to lie or not in different agents represents a significant developmental step.

Children saw a human/robot making intentionally or unintentionally false statements, and understanding the mistake was more difficult than the lie.

Robots may be associated with the human concept by younger children with important implications for use of cHRI in education.
Current testing programs for pesticides adequately capture endocrine activity and adversity for protection of vertebrate wildlife
Authors: Staveley Jane P. , Freeman Elaine L. , McArdle Margaret E. , Ortego Lisa S. , Coady Katherine K. , Bone Audrey , Lagadic Laurent , Weltje Lennart , Weyers Arnd , Wheeler James R.
Published: January 2023

The toxicity and ecotoxicity of pesticide active ingredients are evaluated by a number of standardized test methods using vertebrate animals. These standard test methods are required under various regulatory programs for the registration of pesticides. Over the past two decades, additional test methods have been developed with endpoints that are responsive to endocrine activity and subsequent adverse effects. This article examines the available test methods and their endpoints that are relevant to an assessment of endocrine-disrupting properties of pesticides. Furthermore, the article highlights how weight-of-evidence approaches should be applied to determine whether an adverse response in (eco)toxicity tests is caused by an endocrine mechanism of action. The large number of endpoints in the current testing paradigms for pesticides make it unlikely that endocrine activity and adversity is being overlooked. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:1089–1109. © 2023 Bayer CropScience and The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Toxicological evaluation of protein powder derived from Cupriavidus necator
Authors: Modica Vickie , Glávits Róbert , Murbach Timothy S. , Endres John R. , Hirka Gábor , Vértesi Adél , Béres Erzsébet , Pasics Szakonyiné Ilona
Published: January 2023

Microorganisms have the potential to produce nutrient‐rich products that can be consumed as food or feed. The protein‐rich powder derived from heat treatment of the whole‐cell biomass of polyhydroxybutyrate‐deficient Cupriavidus necator, a metabolically versatile organism that uses elements found in the air, is an example of such a product. To assess the safety of the protein powder for use as a nutritional ingredient in human food, in accordance with internationally accepted standards, its genotoxic potential and repeated‐dose oral toxicity were investigated. A bacterial reverse mutation test, an in vitro mammalian chromosomal aberration test, and an in vivo mammalian micronucleus test were performed. No evidence of mutagenicity or genotoxicity was found. Additionally, a 90‐day repeated‐dose oral toxicity study in rats was completed, in which a total of 100 male and female Wistar rats were exposed by gavage to daily doses of 1000, 2000, or 3000 mg/kg bw/day of the test material. Following 90 days of continuous exposure, no mortality or treatment‐related adverse effects were observed and no target organs were identified. Therefore, a no observed adverse effect level was determined at 3000 mg/kg bw/day, the highest dose tested.
Prolegomena to any future philosophy of behavior analysis as a science
Authors: Catania A. Charles
Published: January 2023

This tribute to Howard Rachlin speculates about scholarly work that might have been. It explores how behavioral data might bear on philosophical issues, with examples that might be called case studies in experimental philosophy. In 1964, an issue of the Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society served a similar function. It was entitled “Psychology: A Behavioral Interpretation”; the papers included “Will,” “Experience,” “Appetite,” “Humors,” “Anxiety,” and “Man.” This presentation imagines what a contemporary project devoted to philosophical and behavior analytic perspectives on the topics of causation, freedom and volition, good and evil, time, words, and mind might have looked like. Along the way it notes how the project would have benefitted from Howard Rachlin's seminal contributions to both behavior analysis and philosophy. If ever such a project comes to pass, it will inevitably bear the stamp of his contributions.
Elective genomic testing: Practice resource of the National Society of Genetic Counselors
Authors: Blout Zawatsky Carrie L. , Bick David , Bier Louise , Funke Birgit , Lebo Matthew , Lewis Katie L. , Orlova Ekaterina , Qian Emily , Ryan Lauren , Schwartz Marci L. B. , Soper Emily R.
Published: January 2023

Genetic counseling for patients who are pursuing genetic testing in the absence of a medical indication, referred to as elective genomic testing (EGT), is becoming more common. This type of testing has the potential to detect genetic conditions before there is a significant health impact permitting earlier management and/or treatment. Pre‐ and post‐test counseling for EGT is similar to indication‐based genetic testing. Both require a complete family and medical history when ordering a test or interpreting a result. However, EGT counseling has some special considerations including greater uncertainties around penetrance and clinical utility and a lack of published guidelines. While certain considerations in the selection of a high‐quality genetic testing laboratory are universal, there are some considerations that are unique to the selection of a laboratory performing EGT. This practice resource intends to provide guidance for genetic counselors and other healthcare providers caring for adults seeking pre‐ or post‐test counseling for EGT. Genetic counselors and other genetics trained healthcare providers are the ideal medical professionals to supply accurate information to individuals seeking counseling about EGT enabling them to make informed decisions about testing and follow‐up.
The synthesis of novel 2, 3‐disubstituted 1,6‐dihydropyrrolo[2,3‐g]indazole derivatives via one‐pot three component reactions
Authors: Chen Sai , Wu Shuang‐Ling , Liu Jia‐Yan , Chen Dong‐Sheng
Published: January 2023

A concise and efficient synthetic approach was developed for the synthesis of functionalized 2,3‐disubstituted 1,6‐dihydropyrrolo[2,3‐g]indazole via a one‐pot, three‐component reaction of 1H‐indazol‐6‐amine, arylglyoxal monohydrates, and 4‐hydroxy‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one or 4‐hydroxyquinolin‐2(1H)‐one promoted by acetic acid in ethanol under reflux conditions. The attractive features of this protocol are operational simplicity, short reaction time, easy purification of products, and good to excellent yields.
An innovative approach to career development and promotion of diverse faculty
Authors: Jones Danielle , Fluker Shelly‐Ann N. , Walker Tiffany A. , Manning Kimberly D. , Bussey‐Jones Jada C.
Published: January 2023

Women and persons from racial and ethnic populations underrepresented in medicine (URiM) comprise a substantially lower proportion of academic internal medicine faculty, particularly at senior ranks (associate professors and professors). Numerous factors lead to this inequity which has broad implications for medical education and healthcare. The Emory University Division of General Internal Medicine Grady Section (GIMG) formed the Faculty Review Committee (FRC) in 2013 to address low promotion rates to senior ranks as part of a strategy to foster a more inclusive, equitable environment. The FRC systematically and proactively reviews all GIMG faculty years prior to possible promotion to provide tailored recommendations to bolster professional development and with a goal to expedite successful advancement to senior ranks. Deidentified GIMG academic rank data was compared with aggregate data from Emory University School of Medicine and the American Association of Medical Colleges. In 2020, GIMG had significantly more senior faculty compared with pre‐FRC intervention (odds ratio [OR]: 3.94, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.65–9.42). Subgroup analyses of non‐URiM women GIMG senior faculty compared with preintervention (OR: 11.6, 95% CI: 2.52–53.7), showed a significant increase. A trend toward increased URiM women faculty was also seen. Descriptive analysis suggests that the GIMG group had a higher promotion to senior ranks among women and URiM compared with national and institutional comparators. The FRC is associated with significant increases in the promotion of all faculty and non‐URiM women faculty, and an increasing trend of URiM women faculty, effects which help contribute to an equitable academic medicine environment, fostering a more diverse workforce and improved patient outcomes.
Therapeutic potential and novel formulations of ursolic acid and its derivatives: an updated review
Authors: Namdeo Priya , Gidwani Bina , Tiwari Sakshi , Jain Vishal , Joshi Veenu , Shukla Shiv Shankar , Pandey Ravindra Kumar , Vyas Amber
Published: January 2023

Plants produce biologically active metabolites that have been utilised to cure a variety of severe and persistent illnesses. There is a possibility that understanding how these bioactive molecules work would allow researchers to come up with better treatments for diseases including malignancy, cardiac disease and neurological disorders. A triterpene called ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic prevalent triterpenoid found in fruits, leaves, herbs and blooms. The biological and chemical aspects of UA, as well as their presence, plant sources and biosynthesis, and traditional and newer technologies of extraction, are discussed in this review. Because of its biological function in the creation of new therapeutic techniques, UA is a feasible option for the evolution and medical management of a wide range of medical conditions, including cancer and other life threatening diseases. Despite this, the substance's poor solubility in aquatic environments makes it unsuitable for medicinal purposes. This hurdle was resolved in many different ways. The inclusion of UA into various pharmaceutical delivery approaches was found to be quite effective in this respect. This review also describes the properties of UA and its pharmacokinetics, as well as therapeutic applications of UA for cancer, inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases, in addition to its anti‐diabetic, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective and anti‐microbial properties. Some of the recent findings related to novel nano‐sized carriers as a delivery system for UA and the patents related to the applications of UA and its various derivatives are covered in this review. The analytical study of UA, oleanolic acid and other phytoconstituents by UV, HPLC, high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography and gas chromatography is also discussed. In the future, UA could be explored in vivo using various animal models and, in addition, the regulatory status regarding UA needs to be explored. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
An adapted protocol for magnetic localisation of nonpalpable breast cancer lesions and sentinel lymph nodes using a magnetic seed and superparamagnetic iron oxide tracer
Authors: Spiekerman van Weezelenburg Merel A. , van Haaren Elisabeth R. M. , Aldenhoven Loeki , Frotscher Caroline N. A. , Körver‐Steeman Rachelle , van Bastelaar James , Bouwman Lee H. , Vissers Yvonne L. J. , Janssen Alfred
Published: January 2023

Background

Localisation techniques for nonpalpable breast cancer lesions and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) are associated with several drawbacks. A complete magnetic technique using magnetic seeds and superparamagnetic iron oxide tracer could be an interesting alternative. This study describes a clear protocol and the results of a combined magnetic approach.

Methods

From August 2021 to February 2022 40 patients undergoing breast conserving surgery with SLNB were eligible for inclusion. Localisation was performed under ultrasound or stereotactic guidance, 1 week before surgery. Subsequently, 1 ml of tracer was injected at least 4 cm away from the tumour. Technetium‐99m (99mTc) was injected 1 day before surgery as control procedure. Outcomes were SLNB time, a number of nodes detected with magnetic tracer including comparison with 99mTc, a success rate of malignant lesion detection and pathological margin assessment.

Results

In total, 40 procedures were performed on 39 patients. A median of one node was retrieved. Sentinel nodes were retrieved using MagTrace® with a 92.5% detection rate compared to 99mTc. Wide local excision under magnetic guidance was successful in 35 cases.

Conclusions

This paper describes a combined magnetic approach for breast‐conserving surgery and SLNB. An adapted protocol is described and could be used for implementation.
Measurement of Lower Uterine Segment Thickness to Detect Uterine Scar Defect: Comparison of Transabdominal and Transvaginal Ultrasound
Authors: Marchant Isobel , Lessard Lauriane , Bergeron Catherine , Jastrow Nicole , Gauthier Robert , Girard Mario , Guerby Paul , Vachon‐Marceau Chantale , Maheux‐Lacroix Sarah , Bujold Emmanuel
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Lower uterine segment (LUS) thickness measurement using transabdominal ultrasound (TA‐US), transvaginal ultrasound (TV‐US), or the combination of both methods can detect scar defect in women with prior cesarean. We aimed to compare the sensitivity of three approaches.

Methods

Women with prior cesarean underwent LUS thickness measurement at 34–38 weeks' gestation. Among those who underwent repeat cesarean before labor, we compared the accuracy of TA‐US, TV‐US, and the thinner of the two measurements (the “combined measurement”) for uterine scar dehiscence using the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating curves with their 95% confidence intervals (CI). We calculated the sensitivity and specificity of the three approaches using a cut‐off of 2.3 mm based on prior literature.

Results

We included 747 participants. The mean LUS thickness was greater with TA‐US (3.8 ± 1.6 mm) compared with TV‐US (3.5 ± 1.9 mm) or the combined measurement (3.2 ± 1.5 mm; P < .001). The AUC was 78% (95% CI: 69%–87%), 85% (95% CI: 79%–91%), and 88% (95% CI: 82%–93%), respectively (all with P < .001). The AUC difference between TA‐US and the combined measurement was not significant (P = .057). A LUS below 2.3 mm would have predicted 9 (45%) of the 20 cases of uterine scar dehiscence using TA‐US, 17 (85%) using TV‐US, and 18 (90%) using the combined measurement (P < .01).

Conclusion

The choice of ultrasound approach influences the measurement of the LUS thickness. The combination of the TA‐US and TV‐US seems to be superior for the detection of uterine dehiscence.
Digital transformation and corporate innovation: A factor input perspective
Authors: Liu Qianru , Liu Jianmei , Gong Cheng
Published: January 2023

This research examines the effect of companies' digital transformation on innovation by integrating factors of capital, labor, and technology into the framework, aiming to understand how the enterprises can leverage digital technology to improve absorptive capacity in the innovation process. We use archival data of digital transformation extracted from the annual reports by the methods of text mining and statistical word frequency to conduct large‐sample empirical research of Chinese listed companies. Drawing upon the sample of A‐share listed companies between 2007 and 2019, this article finds that digital transformation can improve both radical and incremental innovation. Further results reveal that the digital transformation has a more significant impact on innovation for companies in the labor‐intensive and technology‐intensive industries, which have more opportunities to utilize digital technology to improve absorptive capacity, and for the companies during the recession period, which lack absorptive capacity and thus can utilize the digital technology to improve absorptive capacity more significantly. Meanwhile, the results reveal that the impact of digital transformation in the industries driven by different factors on radical innovation and incremental innovation is heterogeneous.
Classification of GBA1 Variants in Parkinson's Disease: The GBA1‐PD Browser
Authors: Parlar Sitki Cem , Grenn Francis P. , Kim Jonggeol Jeffrey , Baluwendraat Cornelis , Gan‐Or Ziv
Published: January 2023

Background

GBA1 variants are among the most common genetic risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD). GBA1 variants can be classified into three categories based on their role in Gaucher's disease (GD) or PD: severe, mild, and risk variant (for PD).

Objective

This review aims to generate and share a comprehensive database for GBA1 variants reported in PD to support future research and clinical trials.

Methods

We performed a literature search for all GBA1 variants that have been reported in PD. The data have been standardized and complemented with variant classification, odds ratio if available, and other data.

Results

We found 371 GBA1 variants reported in PD: 22 mild, 84 severe, 3 risk variants, and 262 of unknown status. We created a browser containing up‐to‐date information on these variants (https://pdgenetics.shinyapps.io/GBA1Browser/).

Conclusions

The classification and browser presented in this work should inform and support basic, translational, and clinical research on GBA1‐PD. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
The bladder contractility and bladder outlet obstruction indices in children. Results of a global Delphi consensus study
Authors: Sinha Sanjay , Hashim Hashim , Finazzi‐Agrò Enrico , Dmochowski Roger Roman , Iacovelli Valerio
Published: January 2023

Aims

This Delphi study was planned to examine global expert consensus with regard to utility, accuracy, and categorization of Bladder Contractility Index (BCI), Bladder Outlet Obstruction Index (BOOI), and the related evidence. This manuscript deals with children and follows previous manuscripts reporting on adult men and women.

Methods

Eighteen experts were invited to answer the two‐round survey including three foundation questions and four survey questions. Consensus was defined as ≥75% agreement. The ordinal scale (0–10) in Round 1 was classified into “strongly agree,” “agree,” “neutral,” “disagree,” and “strongly disagree” for the final round. A systematic search for evidence was conducted for therapeutic studies that have examined outcome stratified by the indices in children.

Results

Eleven experts participated in the survey with 100% completion. Consensus was not noted with regard to any of the questions. There was a general trend toward disagreement with the utility of the BCI and BOOI in children. Systematic search yielded one publication pertaining the value of the indices in predicting long‐term outcome in boys treated for posterior urethral valves.

Conclusions

This global Delphi survey of experts showed a general disinclination to use numerical indices for bladder contractility and bladder outflow obstruction in children. There is very little data on the use of the BCI and BOOI indices in children. The establishment of urodynamic indices in children might help refine the treatment of functional urological disorders in children.
Graduating nursing students' user experiences of the immersive virtual reality simulation in learning – A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Mäkinen Henna , Haavisto Elina , Havola Sara , Koivisto Jaana‐Maija
Published: January 2023

Aim

To describe nursing students' user experiences' (UX) regarding highly immersive virtual reality (VR) simulation with head mounted display used for learning.

Design

Qualitative descriptive study.

Methods

Graduating nursing students (n = 41). Individual interviews were held right after VR simulation. The usability was assessed using System Usability Scale (SUS).

Results

User experiences emphasized three themes about the highly immersive VR simulation: nursing care in the immersive VR simulation, technology in the immersive VR simulation, and learning nursing in the immersive VR simulation. Usability was evaluated as fair (SUS score 62.3 out of 100). Scores revealed that the VR simulation was easy to use. The support of a technical person was highlighted.

Conclusions

This study supports strongly the use of highly immersive VR simulation for nursing education. VR simulations should replicate the most authentic nursing care. Technical assistance is crucial when adopting new technologies in education. The results highlighted the importance of UX in an education context.
A fast Alikhanov algorithm with general nonuniform time steps for a two‐dimensional distributed‐order time–space fractional advection–dispersion equation
Authors: Cao Jiliang , Xiao Aiguo , Bu Weiping
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we propose a fast Alikhanov algorithm with nonuniform time steps for a two dimensional distributed‐order time–space fractional advection–dispersion equation. First, an efficient fast Alikhanov algorithm on the general nonuniform time steps for the evaluation of Caputo fractional derivative is presented to sharply reduce the computational work and storage, and are applied to the distributed‐order time fractional derivative or multi‐term time fractional derivative under the nonsmooth regularity assumptions. And a generalized discrete fractional Grönwall inequality is extended to multi‐term fractional derivative or distributed‐order fractional derivative for analyzing theoretically our algorithm. Then the stability and convergence of time semi‐discrete scheme are investigated. Furthermore, we derive the corresponding fully discrete scheme by finite element method and discuss its convergence. At last, the given numerical examples adequately confirm the correctness of theoretical analysis and compare the computing effectiveness between the fast algorithm and the direct method.
Dual least‐squares finite element method with stabilization
Authors: Lee Eunjung , Na Hyesun
Published: January 2023

The LL*‐method is a least‐squares finite element approach producing an approximation by solving dual problem corresponding to the given partial differential equations. Due to the unique structure of LL* approximation, it has advantages if the problem has low regularities and when L2‐approximation needs to be established. As a drawback, piecewise polynomial type approximation often generates artifacts such as spurious oscillations near where shocks or discontinuities occur in solution. Allowing discontinuous piecewise polynomial approximation in LL* seems to exacerbate this trouble. This paper presents a stabilized LL*‐method that is designed to effectively reduce these oscillatory behavior. The consistency and error convergence of proposed method are analyzed and numerical examinations are performed.
A randomized, double‐blind placebo‐controlled add‐on trial to assess the efficacy, safety, and anti‐atherogenic effect of spirulina platensis in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Karizi Sahar rajabzadeh , Armanmehr Fatemeh , Azadi Hamideh Ghodrati , Zahroodi Hojjat Shadman , Ghalibaf AmirAli Moodi , Bazzaz Bibi Sedigheh Fazly , Abbaspour Mohammadreza , Boskabadi Javad , Eslami Saeid , Taherzadeh Zhila
Published: January 2023

The efficacy of spirulina platensis (S. platensis) as an add‐on therapy to metformin and its effect on atherogenic keys in patients with uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) was evaluated. Sixty patients were randomly assigned to S. platensis (2 g/day) or placebo group for three months while continuing metformin as their usual treatment. The efficacy of S. platensis was determined using the pre‐ and post‐intervention HbA1c levels (primary outcome) as well as tracking FBS and lipid profiles levels (TC, LDL‐C, TG, and HDL‐C) as secondary outcomes at the different treatment time points (0,30,60,90 days). During the three–month intervention period, supplementation with S. platensis resulted in a significant lowering of HbA1c (↓1.43, p < 0.001) and FBS (↓ 24.94 mg/dL, p < 001) levels. Mean TG in the intervention group was found to be significantly lower in the intervention group than in controls (p < 0.001). Total cholesterol (TC) and its fraction, LDL‐C, exhibited a fall (↓41.36 mg/dL and ↓38.4 mg/dL, respectively; p < 0.001) coupled with a marginal increase in the level of HDL‐C (↑3 mg/dL; p < 0.001). Add‐on therapy with S. platensis was superior to metformin regarding long‐term glucose regulation and controlling blood glucose levels of subjects with T2DM. Also, as a functional supplement, S. platensis has a beneficial effect on atherogenic keys (TG and HDL‐C) with no adverse events.
Optimal stealthy false data injection attacks for networked linear quadratic Gaussian control systems with two channels
Authors: Liu Rui‐Rui , Yu Hao , Hao Fei
Published: January 2023

In this paper, a security problem in networked control systems which are modeled as linear quadratic Gaussian control systems is investigated from the perspective of attackers. We consider the scenario that the attackers can inject false data into two channels: sensor‐to‐controller and controller‐to‐actuator channels. The goal of attackers is to design the optimal stealthy false data injection attacks to maximize the linear quadratic Gaussian control cost function, where Kullback‐Leiber divergence is used as a stealthiness metric. Firstly, the cost function is divided into a fixed part and a part which is related to a remote estimation error covariance. Then, when the two channels are attacked by attackers, the recursion of remote estimation error covariance is derived. In the presence of attacks, the optimization problem with multiple decision variables, which may not be a convex problem, is transformed into a convex optimization problem and the corresponding optimal solution is obtained. In addition, an upper bound of benefit loss when using the optimal solution of the convex optimization problem is presented. Finally, a simulation example is presented to show the effectiveness of the obtained results.
Expansion and flooding in dynamic random networks with node churn
Authors: Becchetti Luca , Clementi Andrea , Pasquale Francesco , Trevisan Luca , Ziccardi Isabella
Published: January 2023

We study expansion and flooding in evolving graphs, when nodes and edges are continuously created and removed. We consider a model with Poisson node inter‐arrival and exponential node survival times. Upon joining the network, a node connects to random nodes, while an edge disappears whenever one of its endpoints leaves the network. For this model, we show that, although the graph has isolated nodes with large, constant probability, flooding still informs a fraction of the nodes in time . Moreover, at any given time, the graph exhibits a “large‐set expansion” property. We further consider a model in which each edge leaving the network is replaced by a fresh, random one. In this second case, we prove that flooding informs all nodes in time , with high probability. Moreover, the graph is a vertex expander with high probability.
Doubly robust estimation of the hazard difference for competing risks data
Authors: Rava Denise , Xu Ronghui
Published: January 2023

We consider the conditional treatment effect for competing risks data in observational studies. We derive the efficient score for the treatment effect using modern semiparametric theory, as well as two doubly robust scores with respect to (1) the assumed propensity score for treatment and the censoring model, and (2) the outcome models for the competing risks. An important property regarding the estimators is rate double robustness, in addition to the classical model double robustness. Rate double robustness enables the use of machine learning and nonparametric methods in order to estimate the nuisance parameters, while preserving the root‐ asymptotic normality of the estimated treatment effect for inferential purposes. We study the performance of the estimators using simulation. The estimators are applied to the data from a cohort of Japanese men in Hawaii followed since 1960s in order to study the effect of mid‐life drinking behavior on late life cognitive outcomes. The approaches developed in this article are implemented in the R package “HazardDiff”.
Individualized Net Benefit estimation and meta‐analysis using generalized pairwise comparisons in N‐of‐1 trials
Authors: Giai Joris , Péron Julien , Roustit Matthieu , Cracowski Jean‐Luc , Roy Pascal , Ozenne Brice , Buyse Marc , Maucort‐Boulch Delphine
Published: January 2023

Background

The Net Benefit (Δ) is a measure of the benefit‐risk balance in clinical trials, based on generalized pairwise comparisons (GPC) using several prioritized outcomes and thresholds of clinical relevance. We extended Δ to N‐of‐1 trials, with a focus on patient‐level and population‐level Δ.

Methods

We developed a Δ estimator at the individual level as an extension of the stratum‐specific Δ, and at the population‐level as an extension of the stratified Δ. We performed a simulation study mimicking PROFIL, a series of 38 N‐of‐1 trials testing sildenafil in Raynaud's phenomenon, to assess the power for such an analysis with realistic data. We then reanalyzed PROFIL using GPC. This reanalysis was finally interpreted in the context of the main analysis of PROFIL which used Bayesian individual probabilities of efficacy.

Results

Simulations under the null showed good size of the test for both individual and population levels. The test lacked power when being simulated from the true PROFIL data, even when increasing the number of repetitions up to 140 days per patient. PROFIL individual‐level estimated Δ were well correlated with the probabilities of efficacy from the Bayesian analysis while showing similarly wide confidence intervals. Population‐level estimated Δ was not significantly different from zero, consistently with the previous Bayesian analysis.

Conclusion

GPC can be used to estimate individual Δ which can then be aggregated in a meta‐analytic way in N‐of‐1 trials. GPC ability to easily incorporate patient preferences allow for more personalized treatment evaluation, while needing much less computing time than Bayesian modeling.
Lipolysis of Poly(Hydroxybutyrate)‐Based Films for the Tailored Release of Hydrophilic Proteins
Authors: Raza Zulfiqar Ali , Khatoon Rizwana
Published: January 2023

We report the fabrication of poly(lactic acid) mediated poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) films using a solvent casting approach. The prepared films were employed to attain additional polarities for making them hydrophilic for impregnating certain model proteins. The extent of lipolysis was assessed via lipase, hydrolytic and water contact angle (WCA) assays. The films were examined for surface chemical and thermogravimetric profiles. The lipase and hydrolytic activities turned out to be 7.28 U/mL.min and 7.85 mL/g, respectively; whereas, the WCA of the test film reduced from 100.0° to 52.8° on lipolysis which on impregnating with the proteins further reduced to <30.0°. The specimens expressed surface smoothness after lipase treatment; however, roughened after the adsorption of proteins. The surface chemical analysis exhibited increased oxygen contents after lipolysis, indicating the inclusion of oxygen‐containing polar functionalities whereas amide functionality after protein adsorption. The results suggest the feasibility of protein‐adsorbed PHB films in sustained drug delivery applications.
Efficient Adsorption and Removal of Congo Red from Aqueous Solution Using Magnetic Covalent Organic Framework Nanocomposites
Authors: Lu Sufen , Wei Yunjiao , Long Shuixian , Chen Ziyan , Chen Feixia , Lin Haoran , Lu Junyu
Published: January 2023

In this work, a core‐shell structured magnetic covalent organic framework (Fe3O4@TpPDA) was synthesized through simple in‐situ growth method by using 1,3,5‐triformylphloroglucinol (Tp) and 1,4‐phenylenediamine (PDA) as precursors, and used as adsorbents for the efficient adsorption and removal of Congo red from aqueous solution. The as‐prepared Fe3O4@TpPDA was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra and transmission electron microscopy. The influence of initial concentration, adsorption time, and temperature was evaluated. The adsorption of Congo red onto Fe3O4@TpPDA was investigated by adsorption models including Langmuir, Freundlich, pseudo‐first‐order and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic models. The adsorption behavior was fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm and consistent with the pseudo secondary dynamics model. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 179.4 mg/g. According to thermodynamic analysis, Congo red adsorption is a spontaneous endothermic reaction. Furthermore, the reusability of Fe3O4@TpPDA was determined by recycling it up to seven times. Thus, Fe3O4@TpPDA was considered to be an excellent adsorbent for the quick and efficient adsorption of Congo red from environmental water.
N‐Iodo‐4‐N,N‐Dimethylaminopyridinium Iodide; A New Green Iodination Reagent for Regioselective Mono and Di Iodination of Phenols and Anilines in Water with Good E‐Factor
Authors: Thangalipalli Swathi , Goud Bandalla Siddarama , Kiran Neella Chandra
Published: January 2023

A new Green Iodinating reagent, N‐Iodo‐4‐N,N‐Dimethylaminopyridinium Iodide, is identified, prepared and the structure is unambiguously established. The reagent is employed for metal/coreagent free regioselective mono and also diiodination of phenols and anilines. This is the first report wherein both phenol and aniline regioselectively produced only ortho monoiodo derivatives. Chemoselectivity and nucleo‐selectivity were also gained from this methodology. Our procedure is an Eco‐friendly one due to Good E‐factor (0.27), recovery and recycling of DMAP, Non‐chromatography purification of products and water as solvent.
Intracellular and microenvironmental regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential in cancer cells
Authors: Begum Hydari Masuma , Shen Keyue
Published: January 2023

Cancer cells have an abnormally high mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), which is associated with enhanced invasive properties in vitro and increased metastases in vivo. The mechanisms underlying the abnormal ΔΨm in cancer cells remain unclear. Research on different cell types has shown that ΔΨm is regulated by various intracellular mechanisms such as by mitochondrial inner and outer membrane ion transporters, cytoskeletal elements, and biochemical signaling pathways. On the other hand, the role of extrinsic, tumor microenvironment (TME) derived cues in regulating ΔΨm is not well defined. In this review, we first summarize the existing literature on intercellular mechanisms of ΔΨm regulation, with a focus on cancer cells. We then offer our perspective on the different ways through which the microenvironmental cues such as hypoxia and mechanical stresses may regulate cancer cell ΔΨm.

This article is categorized under:

Cancer > Environmental Factors

Cancer > Biomedical Engineering

Cancer > Molecular and Cellular Physiology