bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low loading Pt on TiO2 for the ultra‐selective hydrogenation of chloronitrobenzenes to chloroanilines
Authors: Duan Mingyu , He Daiping , Ding Yufang , Sun Junli , Jiang Ping , Zhou Gongbing
Published: February 2023

Low loading Pton TiO2 were prepared by an impregnation‐reduction process for chemoselective hydrogenation of chloronitrobenzenes (CNBs) to chloroanilines (CANs). The structure and physicochemical properties were characterized by N2 adsorption‐desorption, X‐ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and temperature programmedreduction. The low loading Pt(≤0.08 wt %) on TiO2 exhibited outstanding chemoselectivity for the catalytic hydrogenation of CNBs to CANs, without any disturbance on carbon‐chlorine bond. The characterization data suggested that the Pt particles were highly dispersed on TiO2 and strongelectronicinteractionsoccur between the dispersedPt andTiO2support, which led toelectron deficiency of nearly all Pt and production of suboxide TiOx species (x<2) in the 0.08 wt % Pt/TiO2. The electron‐deficient Pt and suboxide TiOx species favor N=O bondactivation, leading to its unique chemoselectivity.
Green synthesis, Single‐Crystal X‐RD, Hirshfeld Analysis and Anti‐Covid‐19 Molecular Docking Investigation of Symmetrical Azines
Authors: Ramkumar Subramaniyan , Ramarajan Rajalakshmi
Published: February 2023

The 1,2‐bis(3,4‐dimethoxybenzylidene)hydrazine (VAHD) and 1,2‐bis(3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazine (VNHD) are synthesised in a solvent free and catalyst free by greener method (MW). Both the compounds are characterized by FT‐IR,1H NMR and 13C NMR spectral studies. Single crystal XRD analysis provides more information on the structure of the compounds VAHD and VNHD. The energy gap (Eg), frontier orbital energies (EHOMO, ELUMO) and reactivity parameters like chemical hardness and global hardness andMulliken charges are calculated using density functional theory with B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) basis set. The experimental and theoretical calculated IR frequencies and NMR chemical shifts values are compared by DFT method. Hirshfeld surface analysis was conducted to study structure and molecular properties. Molecular docking of symmetrical azine at the active sites of SARS‐COVID receptors was investigated. Furthermore, the swissADME online application was used to analyse the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic features of the compounds (VAHD and VNHD).
Photo‐ and pH‐Responsive Hybrid Colloidal Particles
Authors: Mutlutürk Esma , Tamer Uğur , Caykara Tuncer
Published: February 2023

Materials that respond to environmental changes in a predictable manner are called “smart”. Here, smart dual‐responsive hybrid colloidal particles were prepared using the interface‐mediated reversible addition–fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) polymerization method. The structure and morphology of the prepared poly(methacrylated‐spiropyran) (p(MMASP)) colloids were characterized by FTIR, 1H‐NMR and GPC spectroscopies, and SEM. The molecular weight and polydispersity were determined as 7877 g mol−1 and 1.16, respectively. Heterocyclic ring cleavage of the spiropyran (SP) pendant group enables the pH‐ and light‐responsive behavior with a reversible conversion between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic states. The isomerization from SP to merocyanine (MC) form proceeds in 7 min, while the reverse action takes 9 min. The pronounced photochromic effect and high fatigue resistance make these colloids suitable for smart applications.
Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles for Rapid Detection of Mn2+ Employing a Smartphone Platform
Authors: Sungwienwong Itthipol , Dankhanob Lalita , Kerdkok Dhanapat , Tongraung Pan , Apiratikul Nuttapon
Published: February 2023

This study describes the development of a simple, reliable, and low‐cost method to rapidly detect Mn2+ based on co‐functionalized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and the smartphone platform to be applied as an on‐site device in the field. The co‐functionalized AgNPs was investigated with other cations (Al3+, Ba2+, Ca2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, K+, Li+, Mg2+, Na+, Ni2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+) at pH 3–10. The results showed that this functionalized AgNPs was selectively binded to Mn2+ at pH 10, which caused the color of the solution changing from yellow to orange‐red and can be measured by the smartphone application called PhotoMetrix. This application was used to measure color intensities based on RGB (red, green, blue) values and converted into Mn2+ concentration by using multivariate calibration curves within 10 minutes. The smartphone detection showed a high selectivity of AgNPs with Mn2+ and provided a positive coefficient correlation between the intensity of channel R and the concentration of Mn2+ with a linear range of 4.0×10−5–2.0×10−4 M (R2=0.9814) and a limit of detection of 2.7×10−5 M. Furthermore, the quantification of Mn2+ in real water samples can be successfully applied by this method. The obtained results were in close agreement with those obtained with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES). Therefore, the development of a colorimetric system based on a smartphone system device was found to be feasible and reliable for on‐site Mn2+ detection in the real water samples.
Seleno‐L‐cystine and Vanillin Schiff's base: Synthesis, Reaction Mechanism and Biological activity
Authors: Marjanović Jovana S , Ćoćić Dušan , Caković Angelina Z , Petrović Nevena , Kosanić Marijana , Kostić Marina D , Divac Vera M
Published: February 2023

In this study, the new Schiff base bearing Se−Se bond and vanillin core in the structure was synthesized from the naturally occurring amino acid selenocystine and vanillin as an aldehyde counterpart. Taking into account the fact that synergy of different pharmacophores in one molecular structure could bring interesting biological properties, the synthetized compound was screened for the antimicrobial activities with respect to their minimum inhibitory concentracion (MIC) values for different bacteria and fungi cultures, as well as for binding interactions with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). Furthermore, the additional quantum chemical calculations and molecular docking simulations were performed for the better insight into detailed mechanism of Schiff base‐formation and mode of its biological activities. It has been observed that among tested bacterial and fungal strains, the best antimicrobial activity was displayed for the Staphylococcus aureus, while the fluorescence quenching experiments have revealed that compound possesses binding affinity towards both BSA and DNA.
Design, Synthesis, Antibacterial Evaluation and Docking Studies of Triazole and Tetrazole Linked 1,4‐benzodiazepine Nucleus via Click Approach
Authors: Devi Meenu , Jaiswal Shivangi , Yaduvanshi Neetu , Kaur Navjeet , Kishore Dharma , Dwivedi Jaya , Sharma Swapnil
Published: February 2023

A novel series of 1,4‐triazole and 1H‐tetrazole pharmacophoric motifs embellished analogues linked to the privileged 1,4‐benzodiazepine nucleus through an amidophenylene, methylene and phenylene spacer were realized prodigiously through a domino click reaction. The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of their micro analytical IR, 1HNMR, 13C NMR and Mass spectral data. A noteworthy feature of this approach, over the variety of other methods available in the literature for the preparation of 1,4‐regioisomer of triazole and 1H‐tetrazole ring incorporated heterocyclic materials has been their easy access through a one pot strategy of Cu(I) catalyzed cycloaddition of a terminal alkyne with sodium azide. This Cu‐catalyzed click approach was applied for the synthesis of triazole and tetrazole incorporated 1,4‐benzodiazepine. Further, antibacterial activity and molecular docking studies were also performed to validate their biological potential.
Experimental study on crack propagation process of rock‐concrete interface in hot‐dry curing environment at different temperatures
Authors: Liu Pin , Guo Chen , Cui Shengai , Xia Wei , Wang Xuewei , Chen Xuemei
Published: February 2023

The effect of hot‐dry environment in the high‐temperature geothermal tunnel increases the initial defects on the bonding surface of the shotcrete and surrounding rock, which intensifies the generation and development of interface cracks. In this context, a wedge splitting test is used to study the fracture performance of the rock‐concrete interface in the hot‐dry environment at different temperatures. Based on the digital image correlation test, the development law of interface cracks is observed, the determination method of interface crack size is introduced, and the evolution process of interfacial fracture process zone is analyzed. The results show that the peak loads and the interface fracture energies of the specimens under the hot‐dry environment are significantly smaller than the standard curing environment, and decrease with the increase of temperature. In the standard curing environment, the cracks rapidly spread to the edge of the specimen near the peak load, while the cracks expand more slowly in the hot‐dry environment. The opening displacement of interface crack is linearly distributed along the height of specimen, and its value is much larger than the sliding displacement. The maximum interface fracture process zone length in hot‐dry environment is greater than that in standard curing environment.
Microwave ablation for the control of bleeding from disintegrated mammary tumours in two dogs
Authors: Kawamura Yuta , Itou Hiroki , Kida Akitomo , Sunakawa Hiroki , Kawamura Kenji
Published: February 2023

A 16‐year‐old intact female Miniature Dachshund (dog 1) and a 13‐year‐old intact female American Cocker Spaniel (dog 2) presented with a chief complaint of bleeding from a mammary gland tumour ulceration. Dog 1 was transferred to hospital from a local hospital in a haemorrhagic shock state with uncontrolled continuous bleeding. Thoracic radiographs revealed multiple nodular shadows suspected to be pulmonary metastasis. Dog 2 presented with intermittent bleeding from a mass lesion in the right fifth mammary gland. Due to high anaesthetic risk secondary to severe mitral valve insufficiency (ASA status III), the owner declined surgical excision of the tumour. Therefore, microwave ablation (MWA) under local anaesthesia was chosen in order to achieve adequate haemostasis. Both dogs received local anaesthesia around the bleeding mass lesion, and the disintegrated site was microwave‐ablated; dog 1 underwent MWA after blood transfusion to improve the haemorrhagic shock. The ablation site was protected using a non‐adhesive dressing. Scarring of the ulcerated site led to complete haemostasis in both cases. Dog 1 underwent tumorectomy on the 31st hospital day to prevent rebleeding; histopathology results were consistent with mammary adenocarcinoma with the ablation site covered by a capsule structure. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case report describing the use of MWA to stop bleeding from mammary tumours in veterinary medicine. MWA is a feasible and potentially effective palliative treatment modality to stop bleeding from disintegrated mammary tumours in dogs under local anaesthesia.
Ureteral rhabdomyosarcoma in a dobermann
Authors: Brás Inês , Hall E.L. , Macfarlane Michael , Valiente Paula
Published: February 2023

A ureteral rhabdomyosarcoma was diagnosed in a 2‐year, 9‐month‐old, entire, male dobermann with persistent haematuria. Diagnostic imaging revealed unilateral hydronephrosis and hydroureter. In addition, it showed thickening of the distal ureteric wall and focal thickening of the mucosa of the bladder trigone between the ureters. No mass was identified. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy, and biopsies of the bladder mucosal thickening and right ureteral thickening were obtained. Histopathology of the ureteral thickening was suggestive of a ureteral rhabdomyosarcoma. A right ureteroneocystostomy was performed, and histopathology confirmed the suspected ureteral rhabdomyosarcoma, which was fully excised. Six months later, the patient remains asymptomatic with no evidence of recurrence or metastases on abdominal ultrasonography.
Concept and Principles of Measurement
Authors: Succi Giancarlo , Kruglov Artem
Published: February 2023

Measurement is the fundamental mechanism of scientific study and development which allows to understand what is happening and why, and becomes critical for estimating progress, quality control, and productivity assessment throughout a software project. In this section basic principles of measurement and general software development metrics are discussed.
Conclusions
Authors: Kijek Tomasz , Kijek Arkadiusz , Matras-Bolibok Anna
Published: February 2023

This book tries to make new contributions to the current research on the link between innovation and technological convergence in the European regions. From the theoretical perspective, an attempt is made to provide a detailed view of the issue of catching-up and speeding-up effects of innovation activities in the technology race of regions by considering various conceptual approaches rooted in R&D-based endogenous growth theory, technology gap theory and innovation geography. As far as the methodological aspect of the research is concerned, the multi-faceted approach to testing TFP convergence in the sample of 219 European regions in the period 2008–2018 is applied.
Hypermethylation of the Bmp4 promoter dampens binding of HIF-1α and impairs its cardiac protective effects from oxidative stress in prenatally GC-exposed offspring
Authors: Gao Ling-Tong , Yuan Jian-Qiang , Zhang Zhi-Yu , Zhao Hou-Ming , Gao Lu
Published: February 2023

The exposure to an unhealthy environment in utero can lead to the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases in the offspring. Glucocorticoids (GC) are essential for normal development and maturation of fetal organs and is a first-line treatment for pregnant women affected by autoimmune diseases. However, excess prenatal GC exposure might program the development of fetal organs and cause a number of chronic diseases in later life. Our previous studies indicated that cardiac functions were significantly compromised in rat offspring prenatally exposed to the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX), only after ischemia–reperfusion. In the present study, we further observed that DNA hypermethylation of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (Bmp4) promoter in cardiomyocytes caused by prenatal DEX exposure substantially dampened the binding activity of transcription factor HIF-1α induced by cardiac ischemia. Therefore, prenatal DEX exposure inhibits the induction of BMP4 upon I/R and attenuates the protective effects of BMP4 in cardiomyocytes, which eventually manifests as malfunction of the adult heart. Moreover, we employed two cardiac-specific Bmp4 knock-in mouse models and found that in vivo BMP4 overexpression could rescue the cardiac dysfunction caused by prenatal GC exposure. In depth mechanistic research revealed that BMP4 protects the cardiomyocytes from mitophagy and apoptosis by attenuating mitochondrial PGC-1α expression in a p-Smad and Parkin-dependent manner. These findings suggest that prenatal GC exposure increases the susceptibility of the offspring’s heart to a “second strike” after birth, due to the failure of hypoxia-induced HIF-1α transactivation of the hypermethylated Bmp4 promoter in cardiomyocytes. Pretreatment with the DNA methylation inhibitor, 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine, could be a potential therapeutic method for this programming effect of GC exposure during pregnancy on neonatal cardiac dysfunction.
Benefit of Advanced 3D DSA and MRI/CT Fusion in Neurovascular Pathology
Authors: Dobrocky Tomas , Matzinger Marco , Piechowiak Eike I , Kaesmacher Johannes , Pilgram-Pastor Sara , Goldberg Johannes , Bervini David , Klail Tomas , Pereira Vitor Mendes , Z’Graggen Werner , Raabe Andreas , Mordasini Pasquale , Gralla Jan
Published: February 2023

Digital subtraction angiography provides excellent spatial and temporal resolution; however, it lacks the capability to depict the nonvascular anatomy of the brain and spinal cord.

A review of the institutional database identified five patients in whom a new integrated fusion workflow of cross-sectional imaging and 3D rotational angiography (3DRA) provided important diagnostic information and assisted in treatment planning. These included two acutely ruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM), a small superficial brainstem AVM after radiosurgery, a thalamic microaneurysm, and a spine AVM, and fusion was crucial for diagnosis and influenced further treatment.

Fusion of 3DRA and cross-sectional imaging may help to gain a deeper understanding of neurovascular diseases. This is advantageous for planning and providing treatment and, most importantly, may harbor the potential to minimize complication rates. Integrating image fusion in the work-up of cerebrovascular diseases is likely to have a major impact on the neurovascular field in the future.
Thrombectomy of Mild Stroke
Authors: Feyen Ludger , Katoh Marcus , Haage Patrick , Münnich Nico , Weinzierl Martin , Blockhaus Christian , Rohde Stefan , Kniep Helge C.
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Whether patients presenting with mild stroke (NIHSS at admission < 6) should be treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the subject of an ongoing debate. This retrospective study based on large-scale clinical data aims to identify factors associated with favorable outcome (FO) in patients with mild stroke.

Methods

A total of 761 patients with mild stroke enrolled between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2020 in the Quality Registry of the German Society for Neuroradiology were analyzed. The FO was defined as stable or improved NIHSS at discharge vs. admission. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with FO. Furthermore, a subgroup analysis of mild stroke based on distal vessel occlusion was conducted.

Results

In this study 610 patients had FO with a median NIHSS at discharge of 1 (interquartile range, IQR, 0-2) and 151 had an unfavorable outcome (UO) with median NIHSS at discharge of 10 (IQR 13). Patients with FO had a slightly higher NIHSS at admission (4 vs. 3, p < 0.001), lower mTICI 0 (2.7% vs. 14.2%, p < 0.001), higher mTICI 3 (61.3% vs. 34.5%, p < 0.001) and a lower number of passes (1 vs. 2, p < 0.001). No statistically significant difference was observed for MT-related adverse events. Multivariable logistic regression suggested that NIHSS at admission (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10–1.48), mTICI 2b (aOR = 5.44, CI = 2.06–15.03), mTICI 2c (aOR = 10.81, CI = 3.65–34.07) and mTICI 3 (aOR = 11.56, CI = 4.49–31.10) as well as number of passes (aOR 0.76, CI = 0.66–0.88) were significantly associated with FO. No MT-related adverse events were observed for distal vessel occlusions.

Conclusion

The FO in patients with mild stroke undergoing MT was associated with successful recanalization. No significant differences between patients with FO and UO were found for MT-related adverse events, suggesting that MT complications have no significant effects on the outcome of these patients. MT might improve the prognosis also in patients with mild stroke based on distal vessel occlusions without significantly increasing the risk of adverse events.
Schwerstverletzungsartenverfahren – Einfluss der Ziffer 11 „Komplikationen“ sowie der COVID-19-Pandemie auf ein Haus der traumatologischen Maximalversorgung
Authors: Lodde Moritz F. , Freistühler Moritz , Sußiek Julia , Stolberg-Stolberg Josef , Roßlenbroich Steffen , Katthagen J. Christoph , Raschke Michael J.
Published: February 2023

Einführung

Die Sicherstellung der besten Therapie – das Heilverfahren (HV) – ist Aufgabe der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung (DGUV). Das Verletzungsartenverzeichnis ist das Mittel zur Lenkung des HV. Ziele der Arbeit sind die Auswertung der mittelfristigen Entwicklung der Fallzahlen im DAV, VAV und SAV, der Ziffer 11 „Komplikationen“ sowie des möglichen Einflusses durch die COVID-19-Pandemie.

Methodik

Alle im SAV-Zentrum stationären DAV-, VAV- und SAV-Fälle von Januar 2019 bis Dezember 2021 wurden retrospektiv eingeschlossen. Die Fallzahlen vor und während der Lockdownmaßnahmen wurden verglichen. Der Case-Mix-Index, die Anzahl der durchschnittlichen Operationen, die Saalzeitminuten und die stationäre Verweildauer wurden analysiert.

Ergebnisse

67 % aller 2007 stationär behandelten Versicherten gehören dem SAV an. 51 % aller SAV-Fälle sind der Ziffer 11 zuzuordnen. Im Bereich des Schultergürtels und Ellenbogens, an der Hand, am Kniegelenk und im Bereich des Sprunggelenks und Fußes sind viele Fälle der Ziffer 11 behandelt worden. Diese sind wirtschaftlich nur entsprechend der Fälle des VAV abgebildet. Durch die Lockdownmaßnahmen sind die Fallzahlen signifikant zurückgegangen. Das Verhältnis der Fallzahlen im DAV und VAV vs. SAV hat sich nicht verändert.

Schlussfolgerung

Im Einzugsgebiet des vorliegenden SAV-Zentrums wird die Steuerung des HV in DAV, VAV und SAV erfolgreich verwendet. Der Großteil aller Fälle gehört dem SAV an. Hiervon wiederum ist mehr als die Hälfte der Ziffer 11 zuzuordnen. Der hohe Anteil an Komplikationsfällen der Ziffer 11 wirft die Frage nach der Notwendigkeit einer strukturellen Anpassung des HV auf. Die Kommentierung des aktualisierten Verletzungsartenverzeichnisses bietet entscheidende klärende Definitionen, jedoch sollte die Übersichtlichkeit erhalten bleiben.

Graphic abstract
Fulfilment of patients’ mandatory expectations are crucial for satisfaction: a study amongst 352 patients after total knee arthroplasty (TKA)
Authors: Lützner Cornelia , Beyer Franziska , David Ludwig , Lützner Jörg
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Patient satisfaction with the results of their total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is one of the primary goals of this elective procedure. Furthermore, the association between the fulfilment of patients’ expectations and their satisfaction is well known. The aim of this study was to identify the key expectations of patients awaiting a TKA, evaluate their fulfilment, and compare the outcomes between very and not fully satisfied patients.

Methods

A prospective cohort study of patients with knee OA scheduled for primary TKA was performed. Pre- and one-year postoperatively patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were assessed. Expectations and their fulfilment were evaluated via a questionnaire encompassing 31 expectations. Preoperatively, expectations were indicated as mandatory, desirable and not important. Postoperatively, fulfilment was rated as exceeded, fulfilled, partially or not fulfilled, and not applicable. Satisfaction with the results of TKA was measured with a numeric rating scale (NRS) of 0–10. Discrimination between not fully satisfied and very satisfied patients was set at ≥ 8, as has been proposed recently. To identify independent predictors of this discrimination, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed.

Results

Complete data sets of 352 patients were analysed. A set of 17 key expectations was identified. Relief of knee pain was fulfilled the most, and improvement of physical function was fulfilled the least. When asked about overall fulfilled expectations, 40% of patients rated them as exceeded, 34% as fulfilled and 26% as less fulfilled than expected. Not fully satisfied patients showed significantly lower PROMs pre- and postoperatively and less fulfilled key expectations. Higher numbers of exceeded and fulfilled mandatory expectations, higher overall fulfilment and better range of motion (ROM) were significant predictors for satisfaction ≥ 8.

Conclusion

Patients’ expectations of TKA outcomes were high with equal emphasis on knee-related and general health-related aspects. Their fulfilment was positively associated with satisfaction. Surgeons should ask patients about mandatory expectations for successful TKA and counsel them about the likelihood of their fulfilment to avoid unrealistic expectations.

Level of evidence

II.
The role of mothers on female labour force participation: an approach using historical parish records
Authors: Carro Jesús M. , Machado Matilde P. , Mora Ricardo
Published: February 2023

Using Portuguese parish data from 1675 to 1925, we estimate the relationship between a mother’s participation in the labour force and that of her daughter. We adapt a methodology to prevent bias that originates from potentially non-random missing data. Ignoring the missingness process results in substantial downward-biased estimates of the relationship, even for a proportion of missing values as low as 20 per cent. In contrast, our methodology yields unbiased estimates regardless of the proportion of missing values. We document the existence of a strong, positive association between the mother’s participation and that of her daughter long before the twentieth century’s substantial changes in education and the labour market
The sequence of prime gaps is graphic
Authors: Erdős Péter L. , Harcos Gergely , Kharel Shubha R. , Maga Péter , Mezei Tamás Róbert , Toroczkai Zoltán
Published: February 2023

Let us call a simple graph on $$n\geqslant 2$$

n
⩾
2

vertices a prime gap graph if its vertex degrees are 1 and the first $$n-1$$

n
-
1

prime gaps. We show that such a graph exists for every large n, and in fact for every $$n\geqslant 2$$

n
⩾
2

if we assume the Riemann hypothesis. Moreover, an infinite sequence of prime gap graphs can be generated by the so-called degree preserving growth process. This is the first time a naturally occurring infinite sequence of positive integers is identified as graphic. That is, we show the existence of an interesting, and so far unique, infinite combinatorial object.
Nonlinear Stability of Periodic Roll Solutions in the Real Ginzburg–Landau Equation Against $$C_{\textrm{ub}}^m$$-Perturbations
Authors: Hilder Bastian , de Rijk Björn , Schneider Guido
Published: February 2023

The real Ginzburg–Landau equation arises as a universal amplitude equation for the description of pattern-forming systems exhibiting a Turing bifurcation. It possesses spatially periodic roll solutions which are known to be stable against localized perturbations. It is the purpose of this paper to prove their stability against bounded perturbations, which are not necessarily localized. Since all state-of-the-art techniques rely on localization or periodicity properties of perturbations, we develop a new method, which employs pure $$L^\infty $$

L
∞

-estimates only. By fully exploiting the smoothing properties of the semigroup generated by the linearization, we are able to close the nonlinear iteration despite the slower decay rates. To show the wider relevance of our method, we also apply it to the amplitude equation as it appears for pattern-forming systems with an additional conservation law.
A possible physiological mechanism of rectocele formation in women
Authors: Sun Ge , de Haas Robbert J. , Trzpis Monika , Broens Paul M. A.
Published: February 2023

Background

We aimed to determine the anorectal physiological factors associated with rectocele formation.

Methods

Female patients (N = 32) with severe constipation, fecal incontinence, or suspicion of rectocele, who had undergone magnetic resonance defecography and anorectal function tests between 2015 and 2021, were retrospectively included for analysis. The anorectal function tests were used to measure pressure in the anorectum during defecation. Rectocele characteristics and pelvic floor anatomy were determined with magnetic resonance defecography. Constipation severity was determined with the Agachan score. Information regarding constipation-related symptoms was collected.

Results

Mean rectocele size during defecation was 2.14 ± 0.88 cm. During defecation, the mean anal sphincter pressure just before defecation was 123.70 ± 67.37 mm Hg and was associated with rectocele size (P = 0.041). The Agachan constipation score was moderately correlated with anal sphincter pressure just before defecation (r = 0.465, P = 0.022), but not with rectocele size (r = 0.276, P = 0.191). During defecation, increased anal sphincter pressure just before defecation correlated moderately and positively with straining maneuvers (r = 0.539, P = 0.007) and defecation blockage (r = 0.532, P = 0.007). Rectocele size correlated moderately and positively with the distance between the pubococcygeal line and perineum (r = 0.446, P = 0.011).

Conclusion

Increased anal sphincter pressure just before defecation is correlated with the rectocele size. Based on these results, it seems important to first treat the increased anal canal pressure before considering surgical rectocele repair to enhance patient outcomes.

Graphical abstract
Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoints Stimulation Improves Spontaneous Voiding Recovery After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Zhang Yan‐Fang , Li Xiang‐Yun , Liu Xiu‐Yun , Zhang Yuan , Gong Li‐Rong , Shi Jia , Du Shi‐Han , He Si‐Meng , Li Cui , Li Yu‐Ting , Li Na , Liu Sha‐Sha , Wu Ya , Xie Zi‐Lei , Pei Zheng‐Cun , Yu Jian‐Bo
Published: February 2023

Background

Facilitating the recurrence of spontaneous voiding is considered to be a way to prevent urinary retention after surgery, which is of great importance in cholecystectomy. This study aimed to assess the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on spontaneous voiding recovery after laparoscopic cholecystectom.

Methods

Participants who underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly assigned to either the TEAS group or the sham group. Active TEAS or sham TEAS at specific acupuncture points was conducted intraoperatively and postoperatively. The primary outcome was the recovery speed of spontaneous voiding ability after surgery and secondary outcomes included postoperative urinary retention (POUR), voiding dysfunction, pain, anxiety and depression, and early recovery after surgery.

Results

A total of 1,948 participants were recruited and randomized to TEAS (n = 975) or sham (n = 973) between August 2018 and June 2020. TEAS shortens the time delay of the first spontaneous voiding after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (5.6 h [IQR, 3.7–8.1 h] in the TEAS group vs 7.0 h [IQR, 4.7–9.7 h] in the sham group) (p < 0.001). The TEAS group experienced less POUR (p = 0.020), less voiding difficulty (p < 0.001), less anxiety and depression (p < 0.001), reduced pain (p = 0.007), and earlier ambulation (p = 0.01) than the sham group.

Conclusions

Our results showed that TEAS is an effective approach to accelerate the recovery of spontaneous voiding and reduce POUR which facilitates recovery for patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
One-stage repair of proximal hypospadias by in situ tubularization of the transverse preputial island flap
Authors: Lyu Yiqing , Chen Fang , Xie Hua , Huang Yichen , Wu Min , Li Xiaoxi , Liang Yan , Peng Zhiwei
Published: February 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to compare the efficacy of modified transverse preputial island flap (TPIF) repair with the traditional TPIF procedure and Byar’s two-stage procedure in proximal hypospadias repair, especially in the postoperative urethral stricture incidence rates.

Materials and methods

Patients admitted for proximal hypospadias treated with modified TPIF repair, the traditional TPIF procedure, or Byar’s two-stage procedure at our institution from 2017 to 2021 were identified, and the incidence of postoperative complications among them was compared.

Results

In total, 142 patients were included (modified TPIF group, 43; traditional TPIF group, 37; and Byar’s two-stage group, 62). The length of the neourethra was 4.21 ± 0.63 cm in the modified TPIF group, 4.18 ± 0.71 cm in the traditional TPIF group, and 4.20 ± 0.68 cm in the Byar’s two-stage group. The rate of urethral stricture in the modified TPIF group (two cases, 4.65%) was significantly lower than that in the traditional TPIF group (four cases, 10.81%) (P = 0.008). Seven (16.28%) cases of urethrocutaneous fistula occurred in the modified TPIF group, six (16.22%) in the traditional TPIF group, and eight (12.90%) in the two-stage group. Additionally, one case (2.33%) of urethral diverticulum occurred in the modified TPIF group, one (2.70%) in the traditional TPIF group, and three (4.84%) in Byar’s two-stage group.

Conclusions

Modified TPIF repair can ensure a wedge anastomosis between the proximal urethral meatus and the neourethra, provide support and blood supply for the neourethra. Furthermore, it extended the urethral plate width at the anastomosis and urethral meatus, effectively reducing the incidence of urethral strictures.
Early Exacerbation Relapse is Increased in Patients with Asthma and Bronchiectasis (a Post hoc Analysis)
Authors: Hill Andrew R. , Bedi Pallavi , Cartlidge Manjit K. , Turnbull Kim , Donaldson Samantha , Clarke Andrea , Crowe Jane , Campbell Kadiga , Franguylan Ruzanna , Rossi Adriano G. , Hill Adam T.
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Asthma is a common comorbidity in patients with bronchiectasis and has been shown to increase the risk of bronchiectasis exacerbations. This paper explores the impact of comorbid asthma on patients receiving intravenous antibiotic treatment for bronchiectasis exacerbations.

Methods

This was a post hoc analysis of the Meropenem randomised controlled trial of 90 patients that had intravenous antibiotic treatment for bronchiectasis exacerbations. The participants were split into two groups: group 1 (asthma and bronchiectasis) and group 2 (bronchiectasis). The authors assessed response to treatment and time to next exacerbation.

Results

There were 38 participants in group 1 and 34 participants in group 2. The groups were found to be comparable in terms of age, sex, and bronchiectasis severity (median (95% CI) group 1 and then group 2 data): age 64.0(59.3, 68.6) and 63.6(57.9, 69.4) years old, p = 0.8; 57.9% and 64.7% female, p = 0.6; Bronchiectasis Severity Index 11.1(9.8, 12.4) and 10.1(8.2, 12.0), p = 0.3. There was a similar response to treatment between the groups, but group 1 were found to relapse early by day 14, 31.6% in group 1 and 11.8% in group 2, p = 0.03. In the Cox proportional hazards model, asthma was the only independent risk factor for early relapse by day 14 (odds ratio (95% CI) 3.16 (1.02–9.79), p = 0.047).

Conclusion

The clinical response to treatment was similar but patients with coexisting asthma were at increased risk of early relapse within 14 days of stopping intravenous antibiotic therapy. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT02047773.
Captain America without the shield: elytra loss and the evolution of alternative defence strategies in beetles
Authors: Goczał Jakub
Published: February 2023

The formation of protective covers called elytra is considered to be a crucial morphological adaptation that has greatly supported the extraordinary radiation of beetles. However, in some beetle lineages, a reduction of elytra has occurred. Evolutionary consequences of this mysterious biological phenomenon have never been systematically discussed. In this study, a suggestive analogy to pop culture was used to illustrate a wide range of incredible defence strategies that can be found in several groups of beetles characterised by reduced elytra. This might include for instance: the hardening of the abdominal tergites, Batesian mimicry, aposematic coloration, chemical protection or defensive bioluminescence. It is not clear whether these new inventions have evolved as a direct response to the elytra loss, but it is very likely that the alternative defence strategies, common in brachelytrous beetles, might compensate for the loss of the primary protective structures. The use of suggestive analogies to pop culture icons, constitutes a promising tool for scientists to construct new theoretical templates, as well as to communicate and promote their recent findings, bridging the gap between researchers and the public.
Plant–soil interactions in the native range of two congeneric species with contrasting invasive success
Authors: Florianová Anna , Hanzelková Věra , Drtinová Lucie , Pánková Hana , Cajthaml Tomáš , Münzbergová Zuzana
Published: February 2023

The aim of this study was to compare plant–soil interactions in the native range of two congeneric European species differing in their invasive success in the world: a globally invasiveCirsium vulgareand non-invasiveC. oleraceum. We assessed changes in soil nutrients and soil biota following soil conditioning by each species and compared performance of plants grown in self-conditioned and unconditioned soil, from which all, some or no biota was excluded. The invasive species depleted more nutrients than the non-invasive species and coped better with altered nutrient levels. The invasive species had higher seedling establishment which benefited from the presence of unconditioned biota transferred by soil filtrate. Biomass of both species increased in soil with self-conditioned soil filtrate and decreased in soil with self-conditioned whole-soil inoculum compared to unconditioned filtrate and inoculum. However, the increase was smaller and the decrease greater for the invasive species. The invasive species allocated less biomass to roots when associated with harmful biota, reducing negative effects of the biota on its performance. The results show that in the native range the invasive species is more limited by self-conditioned pathogens and benefits more from unconditioned mutualists and thus may benefit more from loss of effectively specialized soil biota in a secondary range. Our study highlights the utility of detailed plant-soil feedback research in species native range for understanding factors regulating species performance in their native range and pinpointing the types of biota involved in their regulation.
Wear behavior at margins of direct composite with CAD/CAM composite and enamel
Authors: Lassila Lippo , Novotny Rudolf , Säilynoja Eija , Vallittu Pekka K. , Garoushi Sufyan
Published: February 2023

Objectives

The aim was to investigate the two-body wear at the marginal area between direct filling composites and substrate of CAD/CAM composites or enamel.

Materials and methods

Flat specimens were prepared from CAD/CAM composites (CERASMART 270 and SFRC CAD) and bovine enamel. A box-shaped cavity cut into CAD/CAM composites and enamel surfaces was made. The prepared cavity in CAD/CAM composites was treated with a primer, while in enamel, the cavity was treated with an adhesive. Three conventional composites (Universal Injectable, G-aenial A’Chord, and Filtek Bulk Fill) and one short fiber composite (everX Flow) were placed and cured in the prepared cavities. A two-body wear test was conducted with 15,000 chewing cycles using a dual-axis chewing simulator. The specimens (n = 5/per group) were positioned to produce wear (load = 20 N) across the marginal area between filling composites and substrates. The wear depth was analyzed using a 3D optical profilometer. SEM was used to evaluate the wear behavior and margins between the filling and substrate materials.

Results

All composites used displayed different wear behavior (20–39 µm) (p < 0.05). The highest wear values were recorded for A’Chord and Filtek, while the lowest values were for Injectable and CERASMART 270. The data analysis showed that the wear behavior of substrate materials depends on the filling materials used at margins (p < 0.05). The marginal breakdown was seen only between bovine enamel and filling composites.

Conclusions

The use of the two-body wear simulation method revealed important information about the behavior of the filling composites at the marginal area with CAD/CAM composites or bovine enamel substrates.

Clinical relevance

The marginal breakdown related to the material combination at the bonding region.
Renewable solar and wind energies on buildings for green ports in Egypt
Authors: Tawfik Magdy , Shehata Ahmed S. , Hassan Amr Ali , Kotb Mohamed A.
Published: February 2023

Energy management plan is utilized as an optimum strategy by using solar and wind energies, as a new preliminary implementation. The aim of the study is to create an optimum strategy through an optimization of an energy management system. The study implemented an onsite model, two numerical approaches, and an optimization analysis on a Mediterranean port. Two approaches have been used: solar energy is applied experimentally and numerically, and then wind energy is simulated. An optimization analysis integrated the two approaches together to control their operation. The results showed the installed solar panels provided sufficient generated power for the buildings. Also, the simulated wind arrays showed good behavior with increased power coefficient for the wind turbines, for future implementation. These results were validated using the DesignBuilder software and showed accurate values regarding the experiment for solar panels and CFD simulation. Eventually, a Pareto optimality analysis is applied between the solar and wind energies to reveal an energy management plan. Renewable energy offered energy to support the consumption of the port’s buildings.
Using the three horizons approach to explore pathways towards positive futures for agricultural landscapes with rich biodiversity
Authors: Schaal Tamara , Mitchell Michael , Scheele Ben C. , Ryan Paul , Hanspach Jan
Published: February 2023

In light of the global challenges of the Anthropocene, including biodiversity loss, there are increasing calls for positive, inspirational futures to motivate action and help steer away from current, largely unsustainable trajectories. The three horizons framework is an approach in future studies that engages with normative futures and helps develop pathways towards them. However, this approach has not been applied to explore opportunities for biodiversity conservation with farming communities. We developed a template to apply the three horizons framework in combination with storytelling to explore positive futures for agricultural landscapes with rich biodiversity. We then applied this method over two workshops with a rural community in a farming landscape of south-eastern Australia facing typical contemporary challenges of an ageing population, climate change, biodiversity loss and global market uncertainty. In the workshops, six pathways for change were developed. We unpack these narratives of change to contrast problem framings, future aspirations and mechanisms of change and discuss implications for conservation. We discuss our approach to integrating diverse perspectives and values, creating actionable knowledge and highlight the role of governance and policy to support individual and collective agency. We conclude that the three horizons approach has the potential to create actionable knowledge through locally meaningful narratives of change, and thus influence priorities and empower local action. For lasting on-ground change, leadership and effective cross-scale governance is required.
Regenerative agriculture: a potentially transformative storyline shared by nine discourses
Authors: Gordon Ethan , Davila Federico , Riedy Chris
Published: February 2023

Modern agriculture is underpinned by a colonial, industrial and productivist discourse. Agricultural practices inspired by this discourse have fed billions but degraded socio-ecological systems. Regenerative agriculture (RA) is a prominent alternative seeking to transform food production and repair ecosystems. This paper proposes that RA discourse is supported by a shared storyline binding diverse actors and discourses together—a discourse coalition. Consequently, multiple discourses contribute to the over-arching discourse of RA. A discourse analysis was conducted on texts from ninety-six organisations and complimented by twenty-two interviews in Australia and the USA. This analysis identified nine discourses contributing to RA discourse: Restoration for Profit; Big Picture Holism; Regenerative Organic; Regrarian Permaculture; Regenerative Cultures; Deep Holism; First Nations; Agroecology and Food Sovereignty; and Subtle Energies. This paper describes and examines these component discourses and discusses tensions that may make RA vulnerable to co-optation and greenwashing, diluting its transformative potential.
Are customer star ratings and sentiments aligned? A deep learning study of the customer service experience in tourism destinations
Authors: Bigne Enrique , Ruiz Carla , Perez-Cabañero Carmen , Cuenca Antonio
Published: February 2023

This study explores the consistency between star ratings and sentiments expressed in online reviews and how they relate to the different components of the customer experience. We combine deep learning applied to natural language processing, machine learning and artificial neural networks to identify how the positive and negative components of 20,954 online reviews posted on TripAdvisor about tourism attractions in Venice impact on their overall polarity and star ratings. Our findings showed that sentiment valence is aligned with star ratings. A cancel-out effect operates between the positive and negative sentiments linked to the service experience dimensions in mixed-neutral reviews.
Hardening Due to Vanadium Carbides Formed During Short-Time Aging of Hadfield Steels
Authors: Wang Jiangting , Bruel Guillaume , Wang Zhiyang , Gilbert Elliot Paul , Cizek Pavel , Corujeira-Gallo Santiago , Fabijanic Daniel , Barnett Matthew
Published: February 2023

Precipitation hardening is a promising approach for strengthening of Hadfield steels. The present study examines the potential to achieve this by combining vanadium addition (up to 2 wt pct) with short-time aging (15 minutes) at 1173 K (900 °C). It was found that such a treatment is sufficient to generate a dispersion of nanoscale precipitates that provided a significant increase in hardness. Small-angle neutron scattering and transmission electron microscopy measurements were performed to quantify the particle dispersion, and Orowan precipitate hardening predictions made using the parameters thus obtained show good correspondence with the observed rates of age hardening, suggesting the precipitates are resistant to shearing. The present steels containing vanadium showed a small reduction in work-hardening capacity and this is believed to be due to carbon depletion from the matrix. It is concluded that the addition of vanadium and a short aging treatment at 1173 K (900 °C) provide a promising pathway to imparting hardness increases that provide gouge resistance during the running-in period of components made from Hadfield steel. For optimum performance, additional carbon should be added to maintain the solute carbon content of the matrix, and hence the matrix work-hardening rate.