bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Augustine Blood Group System and Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1
Authors: Daniels Geoff
Published: December 2021

Augustine (AUG) is a blood group system comprising four antigens: AUG1, AUG2 (Ata), and AUG4 are of very high frequency; AUG3 is of very low frequency. These antigens are located on ENT1, an equilibrative nucleoside transporter encoded by SLC19A1. AUG antibodies are of clinical relevance in blood transfusion and pregnancy: anti-AUG2 have caused haemolytic transfusion reactions; the only anti-AUG3 was associated with severe haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. ENT1 is present in almost all human tissues. It facilitates the transfer of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides and is responsible for the majority of adenosine transport across plasma membranes. Adenosine transport appears to be an important factor in the regulation of bone metabolism. The AUGnull phenotype (AUG:–1,–2,–3,–4) has been found in three siblings, who are homozygous for an inactivating splice-site mutation in SLC29A1. Although ENT1 is very likely to be absent from all cells in these three individuals, they were apparently healthy with normal lifestyles. However, they suffered frequent attacks of pseudogout, a form of arthritis, in various joints with multiple calcifications around their hand joints. Ectopic calcification in the hips, pubic symphysis, and lumbar discs was present in the propositus. The three AUGnull individuals had misshapen red cells with deregulated protein phosphorylation, but no anaemia or shortening of red cell lifespan. Defective in vitro erythropoiesis in the absence of ENT1 was confirmed by shRNA-mediated knockdown of ENT1 during in vitro erythropoiesis of CD34+ progenitor cells from individuals with normal ENT1. Nucleoside transporters, such as ENT1, are vital in the uptake of synthetic nucleoside analogue drugs, used in cancer and viral chemotherapy. It is feasible that the efficacy of these drugs would be compromised in patients with the extremely rare AUGnull phenotype.
A Systematic Review on the Effectiveness of Clinician-Directed Interventions to Improve Compliance to Post-Polypectomy Surveillance Guidelines
Authors: Khong Tak Loon , Khoo Xin-Hui , Hilmi Ida
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Clinical practice guidelines recommend periodic colonoscopy surveillance following colorectal adenoma excision. Inappropriate use of post-polypectomy surveillance (PPS) is common and lead to improper resource utilization. The aim of this review was to identify structured interventions which can affect PPS practises and to evaluate the effectiveness of these various interventions in improving clinician adherence to PPS guidelines. Methods: A computerized search was performed to identify relevant studies between 1997 and November 2020. Two investigators identified eligible studies and extracted data independently. The quality of the included studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa risk of assessment scoring system. Results: The search identified 5,602 citations. Forty-one articles were retrieved for full-text analysis and 7 studies met the inclusion criteria. Compliance to PPS guidelines was higher following interventions which included medical education, specialist nurse coordinators facilitation, continuous quality improvement, and clinical decision support systems. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that medical education, specialist nurse coordinators, continuous quality improvement, and clinical decision support systems are effective in improving clinicians’ compliance to PPS guidelines, and are associated with reduction in over- and underutilization of colonoscopy surveillance resources.
Comparison of the Modified Immunohistochemical Marker Score and 21-Gene Recurrence Score Assay in Patients with Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Yamaguchi Kei , Matsunuma Ryoichi , Hayami Ryosuke , Tsuneizumi Michiko
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Not only the 21-gene recurrence score (RS) assay but also online prognostic tools and immunohistochemical prognostic models predict chemotherapy benefits for women with early breast cancer (BC). Multigene assays, including Oncotype DX, are expensive and not covered by insurance in some countries Methods: In this study, we retrospectively analyzed a series of 155 patients with estrogen receptor-positive primary BC for whom an Oncotype DX assay was performed between January 2016 and August 2021. The patients’ modified immunohistochemical marker (mIHC4) scores were calculated on the basis of their pathological reports. The correlations of the RS with the online tool PREDICT and mIHC4 scores were evaluated. Results: Of the patients, 43.9% were premenopausal, 147 (94.8%) had T1 or T2 tumor, and 55.5% had no positive lymph nodes. Low (0–10), intermediate (11–25), and high RSs (26–100) were obtained in 16.1%, 61.9%, and 21.9% of the patients, respectively. The RS showed no correlation with the PREDICT score (r = 0.2720) but correlated with the mIHC4 score (r = 0.6356). In addition, a stronger correlation was observed in the patients with no node involvement and in the postmenopausal patients (r = 0.6609 and r = 0.7277, respectively). Conclusions: A relatively strong correlation was observed between the RS and the mIHC4 score. The mIHC4 score is a potentially easy and useful tool to guide adjuvant chemotherapy decision making, especially for postmenopausal patients with no node involvement if a genomic test could not be performed for some reason.
Mitral Valve Prolapse Induces Regionalized Myocardial Fibrosis
Authors: Morningstar Jordan E. , Gensemer Cortney , Moore Reece , Fulmer Diana , Beck Tyler C. , Wang Christina , Moore Kelsey , Guo Lilong , Sieg Franz , Nagata Yasufumi , Bertrand Philippe , Spampinato Ricardo A. , Glover Janiece , Poelzing Stephen , Gourdie Robert G. , Watts Kelsey , Richardson William J. , Levine Robert A. , Borger Michael A. , Norris Russell A.
Published: December 2021

Background

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is one of the most common forms of cardiac valve disease and affects 2% to 3% of the population. Previous imaging reports have indicated that myocardial fibrosis is common in MVP and described its association with sudden cardiac death. These data combined with evidence for postrepair ventricular dysfunction in surgical patients with MVP support a link between fibrosis and MVP.

Methods and Results

We performed histopathologic analysis of left ventricular (LV) biopsies from peripapillary regions, inferobasal LV wall and apex on surgical patients with MVP, as well as in a mouse model of human MVP (

Dzip1
S14R

/+

). Tension‐dependent molecular pathways were subsequently assessed using both computational modeling and cyclical stretch of primary human cardiac fibroblasts in vitro. Histopathology of LV biopsies revealed regionalized fibrosis in the peripapillary myocardium that correlated with increased macrophages and myofibroblasts. The MVP mouse model exhibited similar regional increases in collagen deposition that progress over time. As observed in the patient biopsies, increased macrophages and myofibroblasts were observed in fibrotic areas within the murine heart. Computational modeling revealed tension‐dependent profibrotic cellular and molecular responses consistent with fibrosis locations related to valve‐induced stress. These simulations also identified mechanosensing primary cilia as involved in profibrotic pathways, which was validated in vitro and in human biopsies. Finally, in vitro stretching of primary human cardiac fibroblasts showed that stretch directly activates profibrotic pathways and increases extracellular matrix protein production.

Conclusions

The presence of prominent regional LV fibrosis in patients and mice with MVP supports a relationship between MVP and progressive damaging effects on LV structure before overt alterations in cardiac function. The regionalized molecular and cellular changes suggest a reactive response of the papillary and inferobasal myocardium to increased chordal tension from a prolapsing valve. These studies raise the question whether surgical intervention on patients with MVP should occur earlier than indicated by current guidelines to prevent advanced LV fibrosis and potentially reduce residual risk of LV dysfunction and sudden cardiac death.
Tricuspid Valve Intervention at the Time of Pulmonary Valve Replacement in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Van den Eynde Jef , Callahan Connor P. , Lo Rito Mauro , Hussein Nabil , Carvajal Horacio , Guariento Alvise , Ruhparwar Arjang , Weymann Alexander , Budts Werner , Gewillig Marc , Sá Michel Pompeu , Kutty Shelby
Published: December 2021

Background

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a common finding in adults with congenital heart disease referred for pulmonary valve replacement (PVR). However, indications for combined valve surgery remain controversial. This study aimed to evaluate early results of concomitant tricuspid valve intervention (TVI) at the time of PVR.

Methods and Results

Observational studies comparing TVI+PVR and isolated PVR were identified by a systematic search of published research. Random‐effects meta‐analysis was performed, comparing outcomes between the 2 groups. Six studies involving 749 patients (TVI+PVR, 278 patients; PVR, 471 patients) met the eligibility criteria. In the pooled analysis, both TVI+PVR and PVR reduced TR grade, pulmonary regurgitation grade, right ventricular end‐diastolic volume, and right ventricular end‐systolic volumes. TVI+PVR, but not PVR, was associated with a decrease in tricuspid valve annulus size (mean difference, −6.43 mm, 95% CI, −10.59 to −2.27;
P
=0.010). Furthermore, TVI+PVR was associated with a larger reduction in TR grade compared with PVR (mean difference, −0.40; 95% CI, −0.75 to −0.05;
P
=0.031). No evidence could be established for an effect of either treatment on right ventricular ejection fraction or echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular dilatation and dysfunction. There was no evidence for a difference in hospital mortality or reoperation for TR.

Conclusions

While both strategies are effective in reducing TR and right ventricular volumes, routine TVI+PVR can reduce TR grade to a larger extent than isolated PVR. Further studies are needed to identify the subgroups of patients who might benefit most from combined valve surgery.
BÜTÜNLEŞİK KANALLI PERAKENDECİLİĞİN HİZMET KALİTESİ BOYUTLARININ MÜŞTERİ BAĞLILIĞI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA: DEFACTO ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ÖZDEMİR SÜZER Özlem , TAŞKIN Çağatan
Published: December 2021

Hizmet kalitesi müşteri bağlılığı oluşturmada temel perakende strateji olarak görülmekte ve günümüz perakende ortamlarında ortaya çıkan bütünleşik kanallı perakendecilik bağlamında da önemli hale gelmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, perakende giyim sektöründe bütünleşik kanallı perakendeciliğin hizmet kalitesi boyutlarının müşteri bağlılığı üzerindeki etkisini araştırmak ve giyim sektöründe faaliyet gösteren bütünleşik kanallı perakende işletmelerine hizmet kalitesini artırmak adına bazı yönetimsel çıkarımlarda bulunmaktır. Araştırma evrenini, Bursa ilinde yaşayan ve sektöründe bütünleşik kanallı perakendeciliğin öncülerinden olan Defacto markasından en az bir kez satın alma yapan müşteriler oluşturmaktadır. Veriler online olarak oluşturulan anket formu ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmada kolayda örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma hipotezlerinin test edilmesinde PLS-Sem’den yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda hizmet kalitesi boyutlarından verimlilik, yerine getirme / güvenilirlik ve entegrasyon boyutlarının müşteri bağlılığı üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
DUYGUSAL EMEĞİN İŞ TATMİNİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: SOSYAL HİZMET ÇALIŞANLARI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: DOĞAN Edip , KARAKAPLAN ÖZER Emine
Published: December 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı; duygusal emeğin iş tatmini üzerinde nasıl bir etkiye sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaktır. Bu kapsamda, Adıyaman ilinde ve ilçelerinde faaliyet gösteren Aile, Çalışma ve Sosyal Hizmetler Müdürlüklerinde çalışan işgörenlerden anket yoluyla veriler toplanmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen veriler SPSS 25 ve Amos 23 programlarına aktarılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda, duygusal emeğin alt boyutlarından yüzeysel rol yapma ve derinden rol yapmanın iş tatmini üzerinde bir etkiye sahip olmadığı; doğal davranışın ise iş tatminini pozitif olarak etkilediği bulunmuştur. Ayrıca duygusal emek ve iş tatmini ile ilgili frekans dağılımlarına bakıldığında işgörenlerin, derinden rol yapma, doğal davranış ve iş tatmini ifadelerine genel olarak olumlu cevap verdikleri görülmüştür.
GELENEĞİN MODERN MÜDAFAASI: BİR MODERNLİK SÖYLEMİ ELEŞTİRİSİ
Authors: KARAASLAN Ebuzer
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışma, modern dünyanın bir realitesi olan geleneği modernlik söylemi dışında ve ona rağmen anlamlandırmanın imkânlarının mevcut olduğu iddiası ekseninde bir gelenek müdafaasını içermektedir. Çalışma, gelenek kavramına dair farklı bakış açılarının analizi üzerine odaklanmakta, bu çerçevede modernlik söyleminin ürettiği gelenek yorumu ile bu yoruma karşı olarak geliştirilen alternatif bakışı ele almaktadır. Çalışmanın yararlandığı teorik arka plan, ağırlıklı olarak eleştirel teoriye dayanmaktadır. Geleneğin kendisi ile modern dünyadaki temsili arasındaki radikal farklılığın gerekçesini modernlik ideolojisinin Aydınlanmacı temellerine dayandıran çalışma, egemen modernlik söyleminin hegemonyasına rağmen alternatif gelenek anlatılarının geliştirilebilmesinin imkânlarının mevcut olduğunu savunmaktadır. Geleneğin modern müdafaası, geleneği modernlik söyleminin basmakalıp yargıları üzerinden ele alma zorunluluğunu ortadan kaldırarak onu günümüz dünyasında daha gerçekçi bir zeminde ele almanın imkânlarını genişletmekte, aynı zamanda modernliğe dair kavrayışımızı derinleştirmektedir.
21. YÜZYILDA TÜRKİYE’NİN AFRİKA ÜLKELERİ İLE SİYASİ VE DİPLOMATİK İLİŞKİLERİ
Authors: DABAN Cihan
Published: December 2021

21. yüzyılda Türkiye’nin Afrika ülkelerine yönelik siyasi ve diplomatik ilişkileri oldukça canlılık kazanmıştır. Siyasi ilişkiler düzeyinde Türkiye’nin 2005 yılını ‘Afrika Yılı’ ilan etmesi, buna binaen 2008 yılında Afrika Birliği tarafından Türkiye’nin de Kıtanın ‘Stratejik Ortağı’ olarak ilan edilmiş olması ikili ilişkilerde olumlu bir hava oluşturmuştur. Aslında 2008 yılı sadece siyasi olarak değil, diplomatik ilişkiler düzeyinde de önemli bir başlangıç olmuştur. 2008 yılına kadar Türkiye’nin kıtadaki büyükelçilik sayısı 12 iken, bu yıldan itibaren Nisan 2021 tarihine kadar bu sayı 43’e yükselmiştir. 2021 yılı içerisinde Gine-Bissau büyükelçiliğinin açılması için de çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Geriye kalan 10 ülke için de büyükelçilik açılması planlanmaktadır. Bu bilgiler ışığında bu makale, Türkiye’nin 54 ülkeli Afrika kıtasına yönelik siyasi ve diplomatik ilişkilerini ele almaktadır.
Transcribing Lead Sheet-Like Chord Progressions of Jazz Recordings
Authors: Durán Gabriel , de la Cuadra Patricio
Published: December 2021

The vast majority of research on automatic chord transcription has been developed and tested on databases mainly focused on genres like pop and rock. Jazz is strongly based on improvisation, however, and the way harmony is interpreted is different from many other genres, causing state-of-the-art chord transcription systems to achieve poor performance.

This article presents a computational system that transcribes chords from jazz recordings, addressing the specific challenges they present and considering their inherent musical aspects. Taking the raw audio and minor manually obtained inputs from the user, the system can jointly transcribe chords and detect the beat of a recording, allowing a lead sheet–like rendering as output.

The analysis is implemented in two parts. First, all segments with a repeating chord progression (the chorus) are aligned based on their musical content using dynamic time warping. Second, the aligned segments are mixed and a convolutional recurrent neural network is used to simultaneously detect beats and transcribe chords.

This automatic chord transcription system is trained and tested on jazz recordings only, and achieves better performance than other systems trained on larger databases that are not jazz specific. Additionally, it combines the beat-detection and chord transcription tasks, allowing the creation of a lead sheet–like representation that is easy to interpret by both researchers and musicians.
Sonification of a 3-D Spider Web and Reconstitution for Musical Composition Using Granular Synthesis
Authors: Su Isabelle , Qin Zhao , Saraceno Tomás , Bisshop Ally , Mühlethaler Roland , Ziporyn Evan , Buehler Markus J.
Published: December 2021

Three-dimensional spider webs feature highly intricate fiber architectures, which can be represented via 3-D scanning and modeling. To allow novel interpretations of the key features of a 3-D Cyrtophora citricola spider web, we translate complex 3-D data from the original web model into music, using data sonification. We map the spider web data to audio parameters such as pitch, amplitude, and envelope. Paired with a visual representation, the resulting audio allows a unique and holistic immersion into the web that can describe features of the 3-D architecture (fiber distance, lengths, connectivity, and overall porosity of the structure) as a function of spatial location in the web. Using granular synthesis, we further develop a method to extract musical building blocks from the sonified web, transforming the original representation of the web data into new musical compositions. We build a new virtual, interactive musical instrument in which the physical 3-D web data are used to generate new variations in sound through exploration of different spatial locations and grain-processing parameters. The transformation of sound from grains to musical arrangements (variations of melody, rhythm, harmony, chords, etc.) is analogous to the natural bottom–up processing of proteins, resembling the design of sequence and higher-level hierarchical protein material organization from elementary chemical building blocks. The tools documented here open possibilities for creating virtual instruments based on spider webs for live performances and art installations, suggesting new possibilities for immersion into spider web data, and for exploring similarities between protein folding, on the one hand, and assembly and musical expression, on the other.
The Appropriation and Weaponisation of the Crusades in the Modern Era
Authors: Roche Jason T.
Published: December 2021

The introductory article proposes the hypothesis, which informed the decision making and editorial work in the present volume, that appropriations and weaponisations of the crusades in the modern era rely on culturally embedded master narratives of the past that are often thought to encompass public or cultural memories. Crucially, medievalism, communicated through metonyms, metaphors, symbols and motifs frequently acts as a placeholder instead of the master narratives themselves. The article addresses differences between medievalists’ and modernists’ conceptions of crusades, especially highlighting how the very meaning of words – such as crusade – differ in the respective fields. But the matter at hand goes beyond semantics, for the notion that the act of crusading is a live and potent issue is hard to ignore. There exists a complex and multifaceted crusading present. That people can appeal to master narratives of the crusades via mutable medievalism, which embodies zero-sum, Manichaean-type “clash of civilisations” scenarios, helps explain the continued appeal of the crusades to those who seek to weaponise them. It is hoped that the contributions to the special issue, introduced towards the end of the article, further a better understanding of the ways this has happened in the modern era.
Cartooning the Cambridge University Libraries
Authors: Trowell Clare Louise
Published: December 2021

Comics and cartoons are valued in twenty-first century popular culture and are increasingly used as ‘Applied Comics’ to help communicate key messages and information in society. However, there is less evidence of cartoons and comics being used to communicate with and engage library users in learning, information literacy (IL) and research support. This paper explores case studies of how several different projects have utilised comics as a medium to deliver key messages about library services to support teaching and research at Cambridge University Libraries. The paper examines the use of comics and cartoons in a library context framed in a theory of comics and visual learning. The reception and output of the comics and cartoons with different audiences at Cambridge University Libraries is explored and the paper proposes that further research could be done to examine the potential of comics in communication and IL.
Moist Static Potential Vorticity Budget in Tropical Motion Systems
Authors: Adames Ángel F. , Martes Rosa M. Vargas , Luo Haochang , Rood Richard B.
Published: December 2021

Analyses of simple models of moist tropical motion systems reveal that the column-mean moist static potential vorticity (MSPV) can explain their propagation and growth. The MSPV is akin to the equivalent PV except it uses moist static energy (MSE) instead of the equivalent potential temperature. Examination of an MSPV budget that is scaled for moist off-equatorial synoptic-scale systems reveals that α, the ratio between the vertical gradients of latent and dry static energies, describes the relative contribution of dry and moist advective processes to the evolution of MSPV. Horizontal advection of the moist component of MSPV, a process akin to horizontal MSE advection, governs the evolution of synoptic-scale systems in regions of high humidity. On the other hand, horizontal advection of dry PV predominates in a dry atmosphere. Derivation of a “moist static” wave activity density budget reveals that α also describes the relative importance of moist and dry processes to wave activity amplification and decay. Linear regression analysis of the MSPV budget in eastern Pacific easterly waves shows that the MSPV anomalies originate over the eastern Caribbean and propagate westward due to dry PV advection. They are amplified by the fluxes of the moist component of MSPV over the Caribbean Sea and over the eastern Pacific from 105° to 130°W, underscoring the importance of moist processes in these waves. On the other hand, dry PV convergence amplifies the waves from 90° to 100°W, likely as a result of the barotropic energy conversions that occur in this region.
Longwave Radiation Corrections for the OMNI Buoy Network
Authors: Joseph K. Jossia , Tandon Amit , Venkatesan R. , Farrar J. Thomas , Weller Robert A.
Published: December 2021

The inception of a moored buoy network in the northern Indian Ocean in 1997 paved the way for systematic collection of long-term time series observations of meteorological and oceanographic parameters. This buoy network was revamped in 2011 with Ocean Moored buoy Network for north Indian Ocean (OMNI) buoys fitted with additional sensors to better quantify the air–sea fluxes. An intercomparison of OMNI buoy measurements with the nearby Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) mooring during the year 2015 revealed an overestimation of downwelling longwave radiation (LWR↓). Analysis of the OMNI and WHOI radiation sensors at a test station at National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) during 2019 revealed that the accurate and stable amplification of the thermopile voltage records along with the customized datalogger in the WHOI system results in better estimations of LWR↓. The offset in NIOT measured LWR↓ is estimated first by segregating the LWR↓ during clear-sky conditions identified using the downwelling shortwave radiation measurements from the same test station, and second, finding the offset by taking the difference with expected theoretical clear-sky LWR↓. The corrected LWR↓ exhibited good agreement with that of collocated WHOI measurements, with a correlation of 0.93. This method is applied to the OMNI field measurements and again compared with the nearby WHOI mooring measurements, exhibiting a better correlation of 0.95. This work has led to the revamping of radiation measurements in OMNI buoys and provides a reliable method to correct past measurements and improve estimation of air–sea fluxes in the Indian Ocean.

Significance Statement

Downwelling longwave radiation (LWR↓) is an important climate variable for calculating air–sea heat exchange and quantifying Earth’s energy budget. An intercomparison of LWR↓ measurements between ocean observing platforms in the north Indian Ocean revealed a systematic offset in National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) Ocean Moored buoy Network for north Indian Ocean (OMNI) buoys. The observed offset limited our capability to accurately estimate air–sea fluxes in the Indian Ocean. The sensor measurements were compared with a standard reference system, which revealed problems in thermopile amplifier as the root cause of the offset. This work led to the development of a reliable method to correct the offset in LWR↓ and revamping of radiation measurements in NIOT-OMNI buoys. The correction is being applied to the past measurements from 12 OMNI buoys over 8 years to improve the estimation of air–sea fluxes in the Indian Ocean.
Communicating Properties of Changes in Lagged Weather Forecasts
Authors: Jewson Stephen , Scher Sebastian , Messori Gabriele
Published: December 2021

Weather forecasts, seasonal forecasts, and climate projections can help their users make good decisions. It has recently been shown that when the decisions include the question of whether to act now or wait for the next forecast, even better decisions can be made if information describing potential forecast changes is also available. In this article, we discuss another set of situations in which forecast change information can be useful, which arise when forecast users need to decide which of a series of lagged forecasts to use. Motivated by these potential applications of forecast change information, we then discuss a number of ways in which forecast change information can be presented, using ECMWF reforecasts and corresponding observations as illustration. We first show metrics that illustrate changes in forecast values, such as average sizes of changes, probabilities of changes of different sizes, and percentiles of the distribution of changes, and then show metrics that illustrate changes in forecast skill, such as increase in average skill and probabilities that later forecasts will be more accurate. We give four illustrative numerical examples in which these metrics determine which of a series of lagged forecasts to use. In conclusion, we suggest that providers of weather forecasts, seasonal forecasts, and climate projections might consider presenting forecast change information, in order to help forecast users make better decisions.

Significance Statement

In certain situations, decisions that are made using weather and climate predictions could be improved if information about possible future changes in the predictions were also made available. We discuss these situations, and present a number of ways that providers of forecasts could present such information.
Misinformation and Instant Access: Inconsistent Reporting during Extreme Climatic Events, Reflecting on Tropical Cyclone Idai
Authors: Fraser Keegan , Fitchett Jennifer M.
Published: December 2021

In an era of globalization, the spread of misinformation is becoming increasingly problematic. The dissemination of inaccurate and conflicting news on events such as tropical cyclones can result in people being placed at increased risk and can negatively influence the amount of aid received by the affected region. This study scrutinizes media articles and, with the use of comparative analysis, uncovers the potential cause of misinformation in disaster journalism. The results of the study found that 59% (n= 80) of the articles reported on wind speed values and 80% (n= 80) of the articles reported on the number of fatalities. Results indicate that 44% (n= 80) of the articles used official sources, uncovering that a potential source of misinformation is not only what is provided to journalists from official sources but also how the various sources can lead to contradicting news articles. The variations in news reports can be attributed to factors such as the influx of different reports and the changing conditions during a disaster, all of which make consistent reporting on a disaster a challenging process.
The increasing educational divide in the life course development of subjective wellbeing across cohorts
Authors: Patzina Alexander
Published: December 2021

Labour market, health, and wellbeing research provide evidence of increasing educational inequality as individuals age, representing a pattern consistent with the mechanism of cumulative (dis)advantage. However, individual life courses are embedded in cohort contexts that might alter life course differentiation processes. Thus, this study analyses cohort variations in education-specific life course patterns of subjective wellbeing (i.e. life, health and income satisfaction). Drawing upon prior work and theoretical considerations from life course theories, this study expects to find increasing educational life course inequality in younger cohorts. The empirical analysis relies on German Socio-Economic Panel data (1984–2016, v33). The results obtained from cohort-averaged random effects growth curve models confirm the cumulative (dis)advantage mechanism for educational life course inequality in subjective wellbeing. Furthermore, the results reveal substantial cohort variation in life course inequality patterns: regarding life and income satisfaction, the results indicate that the cumulative (dis)advantage mechanism does not apply to the youngest cohorts (individuals born between 1970 and 1985) under study. In contrast, the health satisfaction results suggest that educational life course inequality follows the predictions of the cumulative (dis)advantage mechanism only for individuals born after 1959. While the life course trajectories of highly educated individuals change only slightly across cohorts, the subjective wellbeing trajectories of low-educated individuals start to decline at earlier life course stages in younger cohorts, leading to increasing life course inequality over time. Thus, the overall findings of this study contribute to our understanding of whether predictions derived from sociological middle range theories are universal across societal contexts.
Automated Dispensing Cabinet Functionality Expansion to Reduce Controlled Substance Inventory Discrepancies
Authors: Rhodes James A. M. , McCarthy Bryan C. , Scott Anthony C.
Published: December 2021

Background:

Automated dispensing cabinets have the potential to create technology-induced errors that can arise during controlled substance medication dispensing. Despite enhancements made to the medication use process, the impact of ADC functionality on technology-induced controlled substance discrepancies have yet to be described.

Objective:

To evaluate the impact of ADC functionality expansion on technology-induced errors such as controlled substance discrepancies created during “blind inventory counts” and cassette dispensing errors.

Methods:

This quasi-experimental study was conducted over 18 months that evaluated the expanded use of dispensing cassettes within 8 ADCs at the University of Chicago Medicine. Unit-dose controlled substances with high usage were directed for inventory reassignment to cassettes. Controlled substance dispenses, blind inventory counts discrepancies and cassette dispensing errors were evaluated before and after cassette expansion. ADC discrepancy and Cassette Dispensing Error rates were calculated using 1-week segments across the study period.

Results:

Of the 64 040 dispenses during the study period, the proportion of cassette dispenses increased from 16% to 72% after cassette expansion. Controlled substance discrepancies decreased from 11 to 7 discrepancies for every 1000 dispenses ( P < .0001). After cassette expansion, cassette dispensing errors increased to roughly 28 errors for every 1000 dispenses ( P < .0001).

Conclusion:

Expansion of ADC functionality created opportunities for reduced technology-induced controlled substance discrepancy rates at the expense of increased cassette dispensing errors.
Book review: Nandini Sundar, The Burning Forest: India’s War in Bastar
Authors: Veeresha Nayakara
Published: December 2021

Nandini Sundar, The Burning Forest: India’s War in Bastar. New Delhi: Juggernaut Books, 2016, 350 pp., ₹699, ISBN 978-93-8622-800-0.
High-Energy Ad Content: A Large-Scale Investigation of TV Commercials
Authors: Yang Joonhyuk , Xie Yingkang , Krishnamurthi Lakshman , Papatla Purushottam
Published: December 2021

A trend reported by both academics and practitioners is that advertising on TV has become increasingly energetic. This study investigates the association between the energy level in ad content and consumers’ ad-tuning tendency. Using a data set of over 27,000 TV commercials delivered to U.S. homes between 2015 and 2018, the authors first present a framework to algorithmically measure the energy level in ad content from the video of ads. This algorithm-based measure is then compared with human-perceived energy levels showing that the measure is related to the level of arousal stimulated by ad content. By relating the energy levels in ad content with the ad-tuning tendency using two empirical procedures, the authors document the following: overall, more energetic commercials are more likely to be tuned in or less likely to be avoided by viewers. The positive association between energy levels in ad content and ad tuning is statistically significant after controlling for placement and other aspects of commercials. However, the association varies across product categories and program genres. The main implication of this study is that advertisers should pay attention to components of ad content other than loudness, which has been regulated by law.
Death and COVID-19 Anxiety in Home-Quarantined Individuals Aged 65 and Over During the Pandemic
Authors: Aslaner Hümeyra , Özen Betül , Erten Zeliha K. , Gökçek Mebrure Beyza
Published: December 2021

Urgent measures were taken for those at the age of 65 and over who were at the risk group all over the world due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It is known that many individuals at the age of 65 and over have experienced anxiety due to the uncertainties.

This study aimed to determine the anxiety and death anxiety in individuals aged 65 and over who were isolation at home due to being diagnosed with COVID-19 or being in contact during the pandemic process.

The study is descriptive and cross-sectional. It was performed with 656 home-quarantined individuals aged between 65–80 years with positive or negative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test result. A form including questions about the death anxiety and the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale Short Form prepared by the researchers were administered to the individuals by phone call.

Of the participants, 49.5% were male. Median COVID-19 anxiety score was 4 (0–18). Anxiety scores of the male and female participants were similar. Participants with negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results and those with death anxiety had higher COVID anxiety scores. Death anxiety has increased by 1.661 times in male gender, 1.983 times in RT-PCR positivity and 0.146 times in the presence of symptoms.

Individuals with positive COVID-19 test results or those aged 65 and over who had death anxiety and negative COVID-19 test result but who were in home-isolation due to being a contact had higher anxiety score. For this reason, those with death anxiety can be supported in line with their religious beliefs to reduce anxiety.

Those with negative PCR test results in quarantine can be adequately informed about the COVID-19.
Onychophagia as a clinical symptom: A pilot study of physicians and literature review
Authors: Lesinskiene Sigita , Pociute Kamile , Dervinyte-Bongarzoni Asta , Kinciniene Odeta
Published: December 2021

Although onychophagia is a medical condition and is associated with poorer health, there are no guidelines for assessment or treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical aspects of nail biting from doctors’ points of view, to estimate the prevalence of onychophagia among physicians, and to review the literature on and treatment methods for onychophagia. Twenty-four percent of doctors reported nail-biting periods during their lifetimes, and 2% of them remained active nail biters. A total of 64.4% of doctors see nail biting in their practices, and 60.6% never or only on request ask patients about nail biting and examine their nails. Family doctors and pediatricians ask their patients about nail biting most often. Attitudes and opinions on the treatment of nail biting are undefined and vary. Doctors reported usually treating nail-biting patients by referring them to another specialist or offering special nail polish. There is a need to improve physicians’ knowledge of nail-biting treatment methods, but a lack of studies evaluating the clinical aspects of onychophagia and its relation to mental health and emotion dysregulation. Further research is needed. Clinical attitudes toward nail biting could be more precise in training and medical practice.
Assessing Differential Effects of Somatic Amplification to Positive Affect in Midlife and Late Adulthood—A Regression Mixture Approach
Authors: Kim Minjung , Xu Menglin , Yang Junyeong , Talley Susan , Wong Jen D.
Published: December 2021

This study aims to provide an empirical demonstration of a novel method, regression mixture model, by examining differential effects of somatic amplification to positive affect and identifying the predictors that contribute to the differential effects. Data derived from the second wave of Midlife in the United States. The analytic sample consisted of 1,766 adults aged from 33 to 84 years. Regression mixture models were fitted using Mplus 7.4, and a two-step model-building approach was adopted. Three latent groups were identified consisting of a maladaptive (32.1%), a vulnerable (62.5%), and a resilient (5.4%) group. Six covariates (i.e., age, education level, positive relations with others, purpose in life, depressive symptoms, and physical health) significantly predicted the latent class membership in the regression mixture model. The study demonstrated the regression mixture model to be a flexible and efficient statistical tool in assessing individual differences in response to adversity and identifying resilience factors, which contributes to aging research.
Online learning, classroom quality, and student motivation: Perspectives from students, teachers, parents, and program staff
Authors: Chowkase Aakash A. , Datar Kshama , Deshpande Ashwini , Khasnis Sandhya , Keskar Aditi , Godbole Snehal
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this concurrent mixed-methods study was to assess the quality of online learning with a focus on student motivation in the context of a talent development program. Data were collected from 221 Indian students from fifth to tenth grades for three academic years during their participation in 14 online and 10 in-person courses. Students, teachers, and parents responded to a measure of classroom quality assessing five constructs—appeal, meaningfulness, academic self-efficacy, challenge, and choice. In addition, 41 online sessions were observed by program staff using an additional measure of instructional quality. Participants rated online learning to be highly supportive of learning motivation. No significant differences were observed in student motivation by program format, gender, or program level. Qualitative analysis revealed specific affordances and challenges in supporting student motivation in online learning. Implications in the context of out-of-school programs for students with intellectual gifts and talents are discussed.
Emotional approach coping and daily support behavior in romantic relationships
Authors: Austin Kathryn W. , Kane Heidi S. , Williams Denise D. , Ackerman Robert A.
Published: December 2021

People differ in the degree to which they seek emotional support from romantic partners during times of stress. Moreover, receiving emotional support from partners is not always beneficial. Emotional approach coping (EAC)—the tendency to cope with stress by processing and expressing emotions—may play an important role in determining who seeks and who benefits from emotional support. This report used dyadic data from a two-week daily diary study ( N = 116 couples) to determine if those higher in EAC seek more emotional support, receive more emotional support, and perceive the support they receive from romantic partners as more effective than those lower in EAC. Further, we examined if these associations are stronger on days of above average perceived stress. Finally, we examined if participants higher in EAC, were more likely to benefit from receiving emotional support. Participants higher in EAC were more likely to seek emotional support from their partners. After adjusting for emotional support seeking, EAC was unrelated to receiving emotional support; however, participants higher in EAC rated the emotional support they received as more effective. Although participants reported greater individual well-being and higher relationship satisfaction on days they received emotional support from their partners, EAC did not moderate these associations. Taken together, these results suggest that people higher in EAC are more likely to experience benefits from receiving support because they seek more emotional support and report receiving more effective emotional support from their partners.
The effects of atorvastatin on emotional processing, reward learning, verbal memory and inflammation in healthy volunteers: An experimental medicine study
Authors: De Giorgi Riccardo , Martens Marieke , Rizzo Pesci Nicola , Cowen Philip J , Harmer Catherine J
Published: December 2021

Background:

Growing evidence from clinical trials and epidemiological studies suggests that statins can have clinically significant antidepressant effects, potentially related to anti-inflammatory action on several neurobiological structures. However, the underlying neuropsychological mechanisms of these effects remain unexplored.

Aims:

In this experimental medicine trial, we investigated the 7-day effects of the lipophilic statin, atorvastatin on a battery of neuropsychological tests and inflammation in healthy volunteers.

Methods:

Fifty healthy volunteers were randomised to either 7 days of atorvastatin 20 mg or placebo in a double-blind design. Participants were assessed with psychological questionnaires and a battery of well-validated behavioural tasks assessing emotional processing, which is sensitive to putative antidepressant effects, reward learning and verbal memory, as well as the inflammatory marker, C-reactive protein.

Results:

Compared to placebo, 7-day atorvastatin increased the recognition ( p = 0.006), discriminability ( p = 0.03) and misclassifications ( p = 0.04) of fearful facial expression, independently from subjective states of mood and anxiety, and C-reactive protein levels. Otherwise, atorvastatin did not significantly affect any other psychological and behavioural measure, nor peripheral C-reactive protein.

Conclusions:

Our results reveal for the first time the early influence of atorvastatin on emotional cognition by increasing the processing of anxiety-related stimuli (i.e. increased recognition, discriminability and misclassifications of fearful facial expression) in healthy volunteers, in the absence of more general effects on negative affective bias. Further studies exploring the effects of statins in depressed patients, especially with raised inflammatory markers, may clarify this finding and inform future clinical trials.
Reimagining geographies of public finance
Authors: August Martine , Cohen Dan , Danyluk Martin , Kass Amanda , Ponder CS , Rosenman Emily
Published: December 2021

The study of public finance—the role of government in the economy—has faded in geography as attention to private finance has grown. Disrupting the tendency to fetishize private financial power, this article proposes an expanded conception of public finance that emphasizes its role in shaping geographies of inequality. We conceptualize the relationship between public and private finance as a dynamic interface characterized today by asymmetrical power relations, path-dependent policy solutions, the depoliticization of markets, and uneven distributional effects. A reimagined theory and praxis of public finance can contribute to building abolitionist futures, and geographers are well positioned to advance this project.
The Effect of Ownership Structure on Disclosure Quality and Credit Ratings in Family Firms: The Moderating Role of Auditor Choice
Authors: Chen Jengfang , Chen Ni-Yun , He Liyu , Patel Chris
Published: December 2021

Despite the substantial degree of heterogeneity within family firms, little is known about how their heterogeneity affects firm behavior and the implication for the shareholder–debtholder agency problem. Our study contributes to the literature by examining whether family firms with a higher level of control-ownership divergence would disclose less information and whether Big 4 auditors play a moderating role in mitigating the negative impact of control-ownership divergence on disclosure quality resulting in improved credit ratings. Using data from the emerging economy of Taiwan, we provide support for our three hypotheses. Our contributions will interest family firm owners, researchers, auditors, and policymakers.
“You Just Have to Keep Going, You Can’t Give Up”: Coping mechanisms among young adults with lupus transferring to adult care
Authors: Bitencourt Nicole , Ciosek Ashley , Kramer Justin , Solow E Blair , Bermas Bonnie , Wright Tracey , Nassi Lorien , Makris Una
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Coping mechanisms and emotional regulation are important contributors to psychosocial health during stressful life events. We sought to describe the coping and emotional responses of persons with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus during the transfer from pediatric to adult healthcare.

Methods

Semi-structured in-depth one-on-one interviews were conducted with 13 young women aged 18–24 of minority background who had transferred to adult care in a public hospital system. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes motifs from the data.

Results

Participants described the use of (1) problem-focused coping such as the use of clear communication and self-education, (2) adaptive emotion-focused coping such as cognitive reframing and acceptance, (3) social coping including support-seeking, (4) meaning-making coping including positive religious framing and viewing events as learning opportunities for growth, and (5) disengaged coping including denial and social isolation. A range of emotional responses associated with the transfer were described including fear, anger, loss, and feelings of empowerment and excitement.

Conclusion

Effective coping and emotional regulation are modifiable factors that may impact transfer-related outcomes and psychosocial health. Addressing coping mechanisms is relevant to the optimized transfer to adult care.
A Qualitative Exploration of School Nurse Continuing Education Needs
Authors: Jordan Kasey , Harris Heather , Reese KellyAnn , Broderick Carter , Jordan Adam
Published: December 2021

Continuing education (CE) can help school nurses achieve the unique competencies required for the challenges of an academic health setting. A comprehensive understanding of school nurse learning needs is necessary to guide CE development. The purpose of this study was to describe school nurse perceptions of their learning needs according to the Framework for 21st Century School Nursing Practice ™. The researchers analyzed data from 24 interviews with practicing school nurses using descriptive coding to identify perceived learning needs. Learning needs relevant to all areas of the framework were identified, with clinical judgment and team development emerging as priority areas for CE. These results illuminate school nurse perceptions of their own learning needs and can help guide the development of meaningful CE opportunities.