bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HANS FRANK E L’ISTITUZIONALIZZAZIONE DI UN REGIME
Authors: Vitti Emiliano
Published: November 2019

At the end of September 1939 Polish Campaign opened the Second World War and Germans took control of their portion of territory, according to the German-Soviet agrements of August-September 1939, giving it a juridical, institutional and socialeconomic structure subject to the Reich, with specific functions and aims, as the reorganization of the administrative system through the institution of the General Government of Poland. Nevertheless, every historiographical reflection cannot be separated from the survey of Governor Hans Frank’s role. His position was in fact relevant owing to his cultural and professional education, his loyalty to Hitler, his personal uncertainties, his role of First Reich’s Jurist and private Hitler’s lawyer, before becoming Governor of Poland. The need of a management of Poland with SS caused frictions and jurisdiction conflicts, both at the political-institutional and on a personal level with some of the main responsible officials on behalf of Heinrich Himmler. The analisys of these atypical territorial entity through an approach which was technically correct before humanitarian is basic to understand inner workings and to try to produce a framework of the system as complete as possible about the administration of these sui generis “State”.
La dedica degli Ateniesi per la vittoria su Beoti e Calcidesi del 506 a.C. (IG I3 501) e la sua collocazione topografica
Authors: Berti Stefano
Published: November 2019

The monument - a quadriga - the Athenians dedicated on the Acropolis for their victory over the Boeotians and the Chalcidians in 506 B.C. has always aroused great interest, both in antiquity and down to the present day: not only is the monument well attested by ancient sources, but it was also restored around the middle of the 5th century, as witnessed by inscriptions; consequently, the 6th century original and the 5th century restoration have been the subject of a long scholarly debate. This paper focuses on the topographical context of the victory monument and that of its restoration, trying to ascertain where they were dedicated. Accordingly, modern theories are critically reviewed and ancient sources thoroughly examined. The latter, together with epigraphical, religious and political reasons, suggest that the original quadriga and its restoration were erected on the same site inside the Acropolis.
Early evidence for Tuscanisation in the letters of Milanese merchants in the Datini archive, Prato, 1396-1402
Authors: Brown Joshua
Published: November 2019

Non disponibile
PRIME MISURE GEODETICHE E GRAVIMETRICHE NEL â€˜700 E â€˜800
Authors: Broglia Pietro , Mussio Luigi
Published: November 2019

At the beginning of the 19th century, the Observatory of Brera in Milan and the Observatories of Vienna and Prague were the three most important astronomic institutions of the Austrian empire. In the same period, in Milan, an experiment, concerning the measurement of the gravimetric perturbations on the simple pendulum movement, was prepared to evaluate the density of the earth. Indeed until that epoch, few researches in this field were performed only in England. Unfortunately after the positive conclusion of this first experiment, difficult political conditions caused the stop of the cooperation among European institutions and blocked also a possible continuation of these experiments at a European scale. In Italy, gravimetric surveying restarted al the end of the 19th century and it continued until the â€˜60s of the 20th century. In the previous context (August 1825), a relevant step was the application, for the data treatment, of the least squares method, just four years after its issue in 1821.
SU ALCUNI MATEMATICI NEL SECOLO DEI LUMI IN LOMBARDIA
Authors: Landriani Giannantonio Sacchi
Published: November 2019

During the XIX century in Milano took place, expecially thanks to Cesare Beccaria, Pietro and Alessandro Verri, the developement of the so called â€œcivil economyâ€, the crucial discipline of european Enlightenment. In addition, some mathematics, such as M.G. Agnesi, R. Boscovich, P. Frisi and L. Mascheroni, wrote important works spreading the new teories. However their fame among their contemporaries started to die down with the passing of time, also because coevals of J.L. Lagrange, L. Eulero, J. Dâ€™Alembert, still considered indisputed masters.
SPETTROSCOPIA MUONICA: UNA SONDA MICROSCOPICA PER IL MAGNETISMO
Authors: Sanna Samuele
Published: November 2019

The muon spectroscopy is an experimental technique which employs muon beams to study the properties of condensed matter. In particular, it allows us to study static and dynamic processes in magnetic materials (e.g. iron magnets/antiferromagnets, spin glasses, frustrated, etc) and superconductors, as well as chemical reactions and diffusion phenomena of charged and neutral particles. Here we will describe at the elementary level the physical principles of this technique, highlighting especially the use in the microscopic study of the magnetic properties of materials.
IL PROGETTO DI RIFORMA SCOLASTICA DELLâ€™ISTITUTO LOMBARDO (1848, RELATORE CARLO CATTANEO) E LA LEGGE CASATI (1859)
Authors: Silvestri Andrea
Published: November 2019

This essay describes the reasons of two different documents. The first one is the project of public teaching system in Lombardy developed by Istituto Lombardo and written by Carlo Cattaneo just before the uprising against Austrians of March 1848 socalled â€œCinque Giornate di Milanoâ€. The second one is Casati Act, that reorganizes the whole educational system after the annexation of Lombardy into Piedmont in 1859. The project of 1848 was both inspired by the most advanced intellectuality of Milan and by the thought of Carlo Cattaneo, who was negative with Casati Act and with the whole unification process lead by Savoia court. But the structure that Francesco Brioschi gave in 1863 to the Politecnico di Milano (that had been established by Casati Act) was also influenced by the lesson of Cattaneo on scientific, technical and manufacturing education.
IL CANTIERE DELLA â€œCAâ€™ GRANDAâ€. LA LETTURA DELLâ€™ESPERTO SCIENTIFICO
Authors: Sansonetti Antonio
Published: November 2019

The conservation works on the external facades of the so-called â€œCaâ€™ Grandaâ€ allowed to carry out a pilot yard, during which several cleaning methods have been tested; moreover it was possible to apply water-repellent and consolidation treatments, in order to monitor their performances. This survey was preceded by a complete characterization as regards Terracotta surfaces, which highlighted the presence of two different red finishes: the first was composed by gypsum and rabbit glue and second by siccative oil and lead white; both were pigmented with red ochre. Collecting all the observations, by a macroscopic and microscopic point of view, the choice of laser cleaning proved to be the most suitable. It used a Nd:YAG pulsed source, emitting at 1064 nm. Doing so, the assurance of the most complete conservation has been obtained, taking into account the particularly worrying state of conservation of the substrate.
LA SABBIA E I FISICI
Authors: Villain Jacques
Published: November 2019

The dynamical response of granular systems under certain excitations is considered. In particular the breakdown of the energy conservation in the collisions among grains, with respect to the classical termodynamical- kinetical description of the molecule in gases, is taken into account and it is addressed how unexpected conceptual and pratical consequences arise.
GABA RECEPTORS AND PAIN REGULATION
Authors: Magnaghi Valerio , Motta Marcella
Published: November 2019

Pain is an adaptive sensation that normally appears as a warning, activated in response to a damage of the organism. Pain serves to protect the organism to further tissue injuries. The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defined pain as â€œan unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damageâ€ (see definition on the IASP homepage at www.iasp-pain.org). Pain can be generally divided into two categories, acute and chronic pain: acute pain is properly a sudden warning pain which signals that something is wrong in the body. If the cause is not removed acute pain may develop in chronic pain, which is persistent and debilitating.
LE MURA SPAGNOLE DI MILANO: GLI INTERVENTI CONSERVATIVI (2006-2009) E LA LORO NEGAZIONE
Authors: Fant Rebecca
Published: November 2019

In this paper is presented the methodological approach to the conservation works of the Spanish defensive walls. The approach arise from a path of knowledge and valorisation, deriving its meaning from the witnessing value; this latter, being denied during the past centuries, applies to surveys and pays attention to materials data, which addressed the conservation project towards more correct methodologies. The problem of the monument material persistence applies in the direction of â€œplanned conservationâ€, that is a constant care, passing form a â€œcorrectionâ€ phase, foreseen with the restoration works, to a â€œmaintenanceâ€ phase. Such a phase is currently still denied.
ESTENSIONE DELLA TEORIA QUANTISTICA DI CAMPO A TEORIA DI AUTOMA CELLULARE QUANTISTICO
Authors: D'Ariano Giacomo Mauro
Published: November 2019

In the present note I will briefly report recent results on the novel field theory based on the information-theoretical paradigm. This program continues the previous one on the axiomatic derivation of quantum theory from information-theoretical principles, of which I presented a note on January 31st 2008. The passage from the quantum theory of abstract systems to the theory of fields is achieved by adding to the axioms of quantum theory new general principles for the network of interation among a denumerable set of quantum systems. Such principles can be synthesized with the requirement of minimal complexity of the quantum algorithm describing the physical law. From general principles such as homogeneity, isotropy, locality, linearity, and unitarity of the interaction network, along with minimal dimension of the field vector, one derives the free quantum field theory, namely Weyl, Dirac, and Maxwell fields. The principles lead to a description in terms of a quantum cellular automaton on the Cayley graph of a group. The advantages of the new theory are numerous. For example the theory tautologically solves all the problems originating from the continuum, such as the ultraviolet divergencies, the localization problem, and causality violations. The mechanics itself is not assumed, but it is a consequence of the principles, and the theory is quantum ab initio, namely it does not need quantization of a classical field theory. Lorentz covariance is not assumed, but follows itself from the principles, in the relativistic limit of small wavevectors. The notion of reference system is restated in terms of irreducible representation of the quantum automaton. Finally, the new theory, derived from purely mathematical principlesâ€“whence with adimensional variablesâ€“contains itself the units of measure for distance, time, and mass, which are given in terms of extremal values of the variables, which are in principle experimentally detectable. Also effects with GR flavor emerge from the automaton theory, such as an upper bound for the Dirac particle rest-mass (from the unitariety condition), where the dispersion relation becomes completely flat, in strict analogy with the notion of mini black hole.
UNO STRANO TRAPIANTO TRA DARWIN E MANTEGAZZA
Authors: Garbarino Carla , Mazzarello Paolo
Published: November 2019

In the centennial anniversary of the death of the Italian pathologist, anthropologist and writer Paolo Mantegazza (1910), the University of Pavia planned a commemorative exhibition to show the versatile aspects of his scientific and literary activity. In the course of the research to prepare the exposition, a strange cheratinic horn was found at the Museum for the History of the University of Pavia labeled as â€˜spur of a cock transplanted into an ear of a cowâ€™. At the end of some historical investigation, we found that this strange object was at the centre of a scientific correspondence between Mantegazza and Charles Darwin, who made reference to it in his book The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication.
MISSIONE SPAZIALE PLANCK: VERSO Lâ€™ALBA DEL TEMPO
Authors: Bersanelli Marco
Published: November 2019

The deepest image of the universe accessible to our observation comes from the cosmic microwave background (CMB), the electromagnetic radiation released when the age of the universe was only 0.003% of its present value. The European Space Agency Planck mission, launched in 2009, has produced a full-sky map of the CMB with an unprecedented level of detail. The two cryogenic instruments on board the satellite cover a wide spectral region (9 frequency bands between 30 and 857 GHz) to ensure an accurate separation of the cosmological radiation from local foreground emissions. The results of the Planck data analysis are in excellent agreement with the standard cosmological model ô€€€CDM, which is specified by just 6 parameters. The accurate measurement of the full angular power spectrum of the anisotropies (all multipoles 2 < â„“ < 2500) has allowed a high precision (~1%) extraction of the cosmological parameters that determine the composition, the expansion, and geometry of the universe. The results mentioned in this discussion have been published by the Planck Collaboration in 2014, and refer to the nominal mission (the first 15.5. months of observation in temperature), while the analysis of the full mission (4 years in temperature and polarization) is currently in progress.
Lâ€™ALTRA PARTE DI NOI â€“ IL MICROBIOMA UMANO
Authors: Landini Paolo
Published: November 2019

The importance of microorganisms associated with man, the so-called â€œhuman microbiotaâ€ has become increasingly clear from recent scientific studies. Although it has been known for many years that some microorganisms might have a beneficial effect on processes such as digestion or on the immune system, the specific mechanisms of these phenomena have never been thoroughly studied. However, in recent years the prevalence of either beneficial microorganisms or harmful bacteria, even though not strictly pathogenic, has been associated with pathological conditions such as obesity, Crohnâ€™s disease, atherosclerosis, and other diseases in which a bacterial component had never been implicated. In this report, I describe the main concepts related to the definition of microbiome and the potential impact of studying the mechanisms of man-microbiome interaction on the treatment of several illnesses.
LE APPLICAZIONI DELLE NUOVE MODALITÃ€ OPERATIVE MISTE AL RILIEVO DELLA GUGLIA MAGGIORE DEL DUOMO DI MILANO
Authors: Monti Carlo
Published: November 2019

The main purpose of the paper is to discuss how to use 3D models in the world of Cultural Heritage (CH) by focusing on complex architectures. The experience of survey and modelling of the main spire of the Milanâ€™s Cathedral is described. It is as an example, how a detailed real based 3D model is created and used as base for an information system (BIM) that is now at disposal for the maintenance works of the cathedral. The interesting case of study is the chance to present common problems, adoptable solutions and to discuss about the use and implementation of this kind of system for CH.
Lâ€™EDIZIONE CARDANIANA DEL CONSIGLIO NAZIONALE DELLE RICERCHE; UNâ€™OCCASIONE PERDUTA
Authors: Rambaldi Enrico Isacco
Published: November 2019

The Cardano edition from the Consiglio nazionale delle ricerche has been a wasted opportunity. It shows the lack of an accurate systematic approach that led to the Cardano Project ending in fialure. The project had been fostered by the â€œNational research council Center for the study of philosophical thought in the 16th and 17th centuries in relation to scientific questionsâ€, set up by Mario Dal Pra. The aim had been for it to prepare a critical edition of the works of the doctor, mathematician, astrologist and philosopher Girolamo Cardano (Pavia 1501-Rome 1576).
IL LASER: FULCRO DI GRANDI INFRASTRUTTURE DI RICERCA
Authors: De Silvestri Sandro
Published: November 2019

An important characteristic of the laser sources consists in the ability to generate short and intense radiation pulses. This feature has stimulated the development of large-scale laser infrastructures mainly dedicated to nuclear fusion. This paper presents the realization of a new research infrastructure â€œExtreme Light Infrastructureâ€ (ELI) which has conceptually different purposes compared to the others. The main feature consists essentially in the production of an extremely high peak power by using pulses of the duration of a few femtoseconds and of high energy. Focusing these pulses over an area of the size of the laser wavelength one can achieve extremely high intensities, which will enable new research in particle physics, gravitational physics, nonlinear field theory, physics of high pressures, astrophysics and cosmology.
L-TIROSINA: ANIMALE O VEGETALE?
Authors: Fuganti Claudio
Published: November 2019

An investigation has been carried out to show how it is possible to collect information on the animal or vegetal nature of the diet of a certain animal, by determining the O18 isotopic abundance of the OH group of tyrosine samples extracted from proteins obtained from the animal itself.
Safety and Immunogenicity of Live Oral Cholera Vaccine CVD 103-HgR in Children and Adolescents Aged 6–17 Years
Authors: McCarty James M. , Gierman Emma C. , Bedell Lisa , Lock Michael D. , Bennett Sean
Published: November 2019

The attenuated recombinant Vibrio cholerae O1 vaccine strain CVD 103-HgR, redeveloped as PXVX0200, elicits a rapid serum vibriocidal antibody (SVA) response and protects against cholera-induced diarrhea in adult volunteer challenge trials but has not been studied in children in developed countries. We performed a phase 4, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter study to assess the safety, immunogenicity, and tolerability of a single, oral dose of PXVX0200 in children and adolescents aged 6–17 years in the United States and bridged immunogenicity to adults aged 18–45 years from a separate lot consistency study. Volunteers were randomized to receive a single dose of 1 × 109 colony forming units (CFU) of PXVX0200 or placebo. Immunogenicity endpoints included SVA levels on days 1, 11, and 29 in volunteers aged 6–17 years and also on days 91 and 181 in volunteers aged 12–17 years. Safety was assessed by comparing solicited signs and symptoms on days 1–8, unsolicited adverse events (AEs) through day 29, and serious AEs through day 181. A total of 374 participants were enrolled, comprising 321 vaccine and 53 placebo recipients. The SVA seroconversion rates 10 days after immunization were 98.6% and 2.1% in vaccine and placebo recipients, respectively, and the vaccine seroconversion rate was non-inferior to the 93.5% rate seen in adults aged 18–45 years. Most reactogenicity was mild to moderate, and there were no vaccine-related serious AEs. The complete dose was consumed in 95.3% and 98.1% of vaccine and placebo recipients, respectively. PXVX0200 appears safe, immunogenic, and well tolerated in children and adolescents aged 6–17 years.
Space-time variability of ambient PM2.5 diurnal pattern over India from 18-years (2000–2017) of MERRA-2 reanalysis data
Authors: Bali Kunal , Dey Sagnik , Ganguly Dilip , Smith Krik R.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Estimating ambient PM2.5 (fine particulate matter) concentrations in India over many years is challenging because spatial coverage of ground-based monitoring, while better recently, is still inadequate and satellite-based assessment lacks temporal continuity. Here we analyze MERRA-2 reanalysis aerosol products to estimate PM2.5 at hourly scale to fill the space-time sampling gap. MERRA-2 PM2.5 are calibrated and validated (r = 0.94, slope of the regression = 0.99) against coincident in-situ measurements. We present the first space-time variability of ambient PM2.5 diurnal pattern in India for an 18-year (2000–2017) period. Diurnal amplitude is found to be quite large (> 30 μg m−3) in the Indo-Gangetic Basin (IGB) and western arid regions of India. PM2.5 is found to decrease over the western dust source region and increase over the Himalayan foothills and parts of IGB and central India primarily in the morning and evening hours. This increasing trend at an annual scale is primarily governed by a large increase in concentration during Oct–Feb that can be attributed to a combination of the rise in emission and declining boundary layer height. Our results suggest that the satellite-based concentration estimates (typically representative of late morning to early afternoon hours) are lower (magnitude depends on the place and season) than the 24-hour average concentration in most parts of India. In the future, the integration of reanalysis data in concentration modeling may assist in reducing the uncertainty in estimates of air pollution concentration patterns in India and elsewhere.
A fast approximation for 1-D inversion of transient electromagnetic data by using a back propagation neural network and improved particle swarm optimization
Authors: Li Ruiyou , Zhang Huaiqing , Yu Nian , Li Ruiheng , Zhuang Qiong
Published: November 2019

Abstract. As one of the most active nonlinear inversion methods in transient
electromagnetic (TEM) inversion, the back propagation (BP) neural network
has high efficiency because the complicated forward model calculation is
unnecessary in iteration. The global optimization ability of the particle
swarm optimization (PSO) is adopted for amending the BP's sensitivity to its initial
parameters, which avoids it falling into a local optimum. A chaotic-oscillation inertia weight PSO (COPSO) is proposed for accelerating
convergence. The COPSO-BP algorithm performance is validated by two typical
testing functions, two geoelectric models inversions and a field
example. The results show that the COPSO-BP method is more accurate, stable and needs relatively less training time. The proposed algorithm has a
higher fitting degree for the data inversion, and it is feasible to use it in
geophysical inverse applications.
Excess Words, Surplus Names: Rancière and Habermas on Speech, Agency, and Equality
Authors: Feola Michael
Published: November 2019

Jürgen Habermas and Jacques Rancière treat speech as the medium for politics and, likewise, both diagnose the pathologies that follow from blockages on civic speech.  That said, these broad commonalities give rise to significant divides regarding the social ontology of language, the forms of power that attend linguistic exchange, and how speech informs democratic agency. Ultimately, the essay will argue that Rancière highlights the political deficits within deliberative commitments to democratic values. In doing so, his challenge yields broader insights for a democratic politics of speech and the linguistic resources that facilitate such a politics.
Publishing Revolution: Publishing Praxis in the Classroom
Authors: Przybylo Ela
Published: November 2019

Drawing on queer and feminist Digital Humanities (DH) and Indigenous, antiracist, and intersectional approaches to publishing, this pedagogy piece reflects on a course designed and taught in Fall 2018 titled “Intersectional Feminist Journal Praxis.” Students read intersectional readings on publishing while creating their own journal through Open Journal Systems Software (OJS). Employing principles of collaboration and praxis, students worked in teams around specific tasks like a call for papers, peer review, copyediting, and introduction-writing while employing critical publishing practices such as remaining reflexive about, for example, accessibility and power inequalities in processes of knowledge production. Their end product was the publication of the first issue of the journal they themselves created by the name of Intersectional Apocalypse (https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/ifj). This piece discusses this pedagogical DH experiment, grounding it in histories of anti-oppressive publishing endeavors and in students’ own words and reflections on the course.
Pedagogies of Refusal: What it Means to (Un)teach a Student Like Me
Authors: Rodríguez Yanira
Published: November 2019

This analysis addresses the need to develop an ethos of decolonial refusal in Composition Studies and the academy in general, arguing that refusal is a livening rhetorical strategy of survival that challenges colonial futurity (Tuck and Yang), is generative and generous (McGranahan), and opens liminal space (Anzaldua, García-Peña, Lugones) for existing in predominantly white institutions — not at the margins nor centers but at the places of transformative possibility and deep relationality (Ahmed, Bilge and Collins). Focusing on refusal as performative, rhetorical, and undisciplined(Pough, Durham), and following in the lineage of Black and Third World feminist and Critical Race theories on narratives as political tools, I share a constellation of experiences from organizing spaces to graduate education to forward a multi-modal pedagogy of refusal in composition. More specifically, I share this piece, which bridges academic critique, with counternarratives, mini-diálogos, and art prints to signal to the composing practices that are possible and necessary in our shared classroom.
Radical Lessons in the Wake of Black Lives Matter
Authors: Rodas Julia Miele
Published: November 2019

This graphic essay focuses on the use of graphic composition strategies and includes work by contributing authors from my community college composition classroom. The main point of this piece is that *everyone deserves access to important ideas and information and that using comics to teach and to learn disciplines us to pare away the nonessential and prioritize foundational content. Pictures and emphatic word-art help clarify complex concepts for many who might otherwise struggle to master challenging written text. For these people, comics can provide a point of entry to discourse to which they might otherwise have had only marginal access. The exercise discussed in this graphic essay disentangles students from the pressures of performing conventional standards of (white) literacy while providing an avenue into antiracist reasoning and the discourse of public intellectuals of color.
Decolonizing Academia: Poverty, Oppression, and Pain
Authors: Smith-Cruz Shawn(ta)
Published: November 2019

Book Review of Decolonizing Academia by Clelia O. Rodríguez. The author was invited to keynote a closed symposium on libraries and open pedagogies by the reviewer who was personally affected by the reading of the text.
Workplace location, polycentricism, and car commuting
Authors: Wolday Fitwi , Naess Petter , Tønnesen Anders
Published: November 2019

Although significant strides have been made regarding the relationship between urban structure and travel, some doubt appears to be lingering concerning the impacts of polycentric urban development. For example, the debate on whether a polycentric or monocentric workplace location pattern is favorable for reducing negative environmental effects from transportation has not been entirely settled. This study intends to contribute to clearing up some of the misconceptions by focusing on the implications of spatial distribution of jobs on commuting patterns among employees within the Oslo metropolitan area. Results show a strong tendency for a higher share of car commuting among employees working in suburban workplaces. This pattern persists also for suburban workplaces located close to suburban transit nodes. The share of transit commuters shows the opposite pattern. Commuting distances also tend to increase the farther from the city center the workplace is located. These conclusions are based on cross-sectional and quasi-longitudinal survey data as well as semi-structured in-depth interviews of workers, including several interviewees who had changed their workplace locations. To our knowledge, this is the first mixed-methods study on the influence of workplace location on commuting behavior. The results raise doubt about the appropriateness of polycentric intra-metropolitan workplace development as a strategy for sustainable mobility.
Identidad – confluencia – trascendencia Elementos para una interpretación histórico-especulativa del argumento de san Anselmo
Authors: Guerrero-Troncoso Hernán
Published: November 2019

Este trabajo pretende mostrar –mediante una interpretación del contexto dado por algunos capítulos clave del Monologion– que la función del argumento de san Anselmo consiste principalmente en determinar los términos a partir de los cuales es posible concebir un ser supremo, sobre la base de la identidad absoluta entre la esencia divina y todo lo que se muestra como propio de ella. Dicha identidad implicaría una confluencia no solamente de las propiedades en la esencia divina, sino sobre todo del ser en el pensar y viceversa. La trascendencia de una actividad en la otra, entendida como una remisión recíproca, permitiría mostrar el contexto especulativo en el cual se concibe la identidad absoluta de las propiedades en el ser supremo, así como también los criterios según los cuales aquello que se reconoce como perfecto en las criaturas puede ser considerado como propio de Dios.
Una revisión del concepto de «acumulación por desposesión» de D. Harvey
Authors: Gil Sánchez Fernando
Published: November 2019

El objetivo del presente artículo será realizar una revisión crítica de la interpretación realizada por D. Harvey del concepto de «acumulación originaria» expuesto por K. Marx en El Capital. A través del análisis de los escritos dónde Marx aborda esta cuestión, trataremos de demostrar que la aportación principal de Harvey -reinterpretar la acumulación originaria, no como proceso fundacional de las condiciones necesarias para la producción capitalista, sino como proceso continuo y permanente utilizado para restablecer las condiciones óptimas de la acumulación de capital mediante la conquista de nuevos espacios- se sustenta en una interpretación parcial de los textos de crítica de la economía política marxianos que confunde la dimensión lógica e histórica del análisis marxiano. Así pues, argumentaremos que existe una base en los propios textos de Marx desde dónde interpretar la «acumulación originaria» como un proceso de desposesión constante en el desarrollo del modo de producción capitalista que, dependiente de la constante expansión, potencia su capacidad adaptativa mediante la conquista de aquellos factores de la economía todavía no incorporados al proceso del capital.
El diálogo, el poema, el otro. Hermenéutica y deconstrucción a la luz de "Carneros" de Jacques Derrida
Authors: Gama Luis Eduardo
Published: November 2019

El debate entre la filosofía hermenéutica de Hans Georg Gadamer y la deconstrucción de Jacques Derrida está lejos de haber concluido. A la luz de Carneros (2003), el texto poco estudiado aún de la conferencia leída por Derrida en memoria de Gadamer, pretendemos reanudar aquí el intenso diálogo entre estos dos pensadores emblemáticos de la filosofía continental de finales del siglo pasado. Partiendo de las distintas significaciones que en cada caso toman nociones como ‘diálogo’ o ‘mundo’, pero también de la manera diversa como cada uno de ellos interpreta la filosofía platónica o la poesía de Paul Celan, nos proponemos iluminar el profundo desacuerdo ontológico y ético que existe entre las dos propuestas. La cuestión del otro, central para ambos autores, se mostrará al final como el punto donde se condensan y agudizan las tensiones entre ellos.
Modeling the Quality of New Wheat Varieties in Kazakhstan
Authors: Dauletbakovbakytkan Dauletbakovbakytkan , Galym Dauletbakov
Published: November 2019

The work investigates and demonstrates the analytical capabilities of statistical methods in the development of new varieties of wheat used for the production of pasta. By using examples of Kostanay, Pavlodar, Akmola, North-Kazakhstan region (NKR) and Aktobe regions, foridentifying significant factors, there were constructed regression equations due to initial factors, on the main components, according to the panel data. Based on the analysis of various regression models, the strengths of the relationship between the number  indicators of the grain quality there was found soft and hard wheat varieties (Mereke 70, Tselina 50, Ertis 97, Astana 2, Astana, Aktobe39, Baiterek), taking into account the peculiarities of grain production in this area.
Healing Body and Soul in Labrador: The Practice of Medicine by Early Moravian Missionaries
Authors: Olsthoorn Thea
Published: November 2019

This article considers sickness and health within the context of intercultural encounter. The focus is on Moravian medical practitioners and the cure of diseases in eighteenth-century Labrador. Data is taken from the earliest Nain diaries, additional Moravian manuscripts, and ethnographic studies. An examination of Moravian healing techniques and their appreciation by the indigenous population shows that Inuit judged the missionaries’ practices in accordance with their own beliefs and incorporated them into their traditional healing system. Pietists’ holistic methods, which included the treatment of the patient’s soul together with his body, corresponded with the Inuit’s conviction that most physical ailments arose from a moral cause (violation of taboo). Despite the Moravians’ hope of the persuasiveness of their cures, the success of their medical procedures—invariably attributed to the healing force of the Savior—did not convince Inuit to abandon their allegiance to the spirits and convert to Christianity. They continued to call on the angakkuit (shamans) for help and followed their instructions alongside of the brethren’s medical treatments. The consulted primary sources also suggest that shamans only resorted to the missionaries’ cures in life-threatening situations.
Fuentes para el estudio de la influencia de la frontera en el proceso de conformación de Cárdenas, al sur de Nicaragua
Authors: Rivas Rivas Enrique
Published: November 2019

Las fuentes de información, su calidad y disponibilidad son esenciales para el desarrollo de los procesos de investigación. Al abordar el tema de la frontera y su influencia en conformación de la localidad de Cárdenas en Rivas, Nicaragua se hace uso obligatorio de las fuentes de información disponibles para el enriquecimiento de los aspectos teóricos de la investigación, los que se complementan y fundamentan con los datos recopilados en campo. Este artículo realiza un análisis de las fuentes encontradas que ayudan a sustentar los aspectos teóricos relacionados con esta localidad nicaragüense y que por su naturaleza fronteriza está rodeada de aspectos relevantes que valen la pena rescatar. Este artículo escrito nace como parte de la investigación doctoral titulada: Influencia de la frontera en la dinámica del proceso de conformación local de Cárdenas, en la región histórica de Rivas, Nicaragua del programa de doctorado en Historia con mención en estudios regionales y locales transdisciplinarios de la UNAN-Managua.
The Distribution Function of Airport Taxi-Out Times and Selected Applications
Authors: Truong Thuan V.
Published: November 2019

Except in adverse weather conditions, congestion at large airport hubs appears to be predictable. This paper attempts to translate this predictability into a distribution of taxi-out times, a key component of airport congestion. When scheduled flights are chosen to define the dataset, taxi-out times follow a uniform distribution. This is not only the simplest distribution that inferences can be based on, but also a distribution that can be estimated by simple linear regression leading to very accurate forecasts. But above all, it is an invertible distribution function that can help solve a large class of stochastic optimization problems.
Examining the Inefficiency of Transit Systems Using Latent Class Stochastic Frontier Models
Authors: Sakano Ryoichi , Obeng Kofi
Published: November 2019

This paper estimates a single class stochastic cost frontier model that accounts for heterogeneity by including background variables and a latent class model of the same specification. It is found that both the two-sided random errors and one-sided errors (cost inefficiency) are substantially smaller in the latter model than it is in the former, suggesting possible bias in the estimates of inefficiency from the single class model. Further, 58.9%–68.39% of the calculated inefficiencies are due to differences in technology captured by the latent classes. The paper concludes that using background variables only to capture heterogeneity may exaggerate measured inefficiencies in transit systems and suggests the latent class approach as a solution.
Analysis of Bridge Deterioration Rates: A Case Study of the Northern Plains Region
Authors: Tolliver Denver , Lu Pan
Published: November 2019

A bridge deterioration model is estimated from the National Bridge Inventory that explains and forecasts future condition as a function of bridge material, bridge design, operating rating classification, average daily traffic, the state where the bridge is located, and the age of the bridge. Over the 95-year analysis period, the rate of bridge deterioration with age is a third-order polynomial function. However, the relationship between condition and age is approximately linear until age 65. Holding all else constant, a bridge substructure in the Northern Plains loses approximately one-half of a condition rating point every 13 years until age 65.
Modeling Investments in County and Local Roads to Support Agricultural Logistics
Authors: Tolliver Denver , Dybing Alan , Lu Pan , Lee Eunsu
Published: November 2019

Investments in local roads in North Dakota to support agricultural logistics are estimated with a detailed model that predicts flows from 1,406 crop-producing zones to 317 elevators and plants, and forecasts improvements and maintenance costs for paved and unpaved roads. The study finds that (1) the average farm-to-market trip distance has increased from 12 miles in 1980 to 26 miles in 2009, (2) the estimated resurfacing cost per mile for agricultural distribution routes is 40% greater than for non-agricultural routes, and (3) the estimated cost to maintain acceptable service levels on county and local roads is roughly double historical funding levels.
A Message from the Editor
Authors: Obeng Kofi , Babcock Michael W.
Published: November 2019

Message from the Editor
Disappearance of American Wealth and Its Impact on Air Travel: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Bhadra Dipasis
Published: November 2019

Recently, the Federal Reserve reported that U.S. households net worth dropped by $17 trillion, a stunning 26% loss from the peak of the cycle to the bottom. The precipitous drop in home and stock prices that continued through the first quarter of 2009 accelerated the drop in household wealth. Meanwhile, U.S. air travel suffered tremendously. While the economy contracted by around 1% in 2008 and the first part of 2009, total domestic enplanement dropped more than 4% over its 2007 level. Gross domestic product (GDP) or some other measure of current income has been a good predictor of air travel in the past. While current income is considered to be a good proxy for current discretionary spending, of which air travel is only one small part, recent destruction of wealth has significantly reduced the average consumer’s traditional appetite for expenditure, including air travel. Interestingly, there is very little empirical analysis that establishes a link between wealth and air travel. The paper seeks to address this gap by asking and investigating two empirical questions: (a) Does wealth have any quantifiable impact on U.S. air travel, controlling for all other relevant variables such as current income, past wealth, fare, and credit availability? (b) What has been the quantitative impact of wealth loss on air travel? The paper finds that the household wealth loss of U.S. $17 trillion yielded a loss of air travel demand of 730,000 passengers; or a loss of revenue of $244 million. As household wealth improved during the last two years, air travel recovered. Some of the lost passenger demand has been recouped (435,000) but a complete wealth-induced recovery still seems to be far off. Results of this analysis are important for both understanding future transitions in U.S. air travel, and hence forecasting, and formulating policy responses that may be designed more narrowly and effectively.
Feasibility of an Intermodal Terminal in Rural Texas to Enhance Marketing and Transportation Efficiency
Authors: Fuller Stephen , Robinson John , Fraire Francisco , Vadali Sharada
Published: November 2019

This study examines the economic feasibility of investment in an intermodal terminal in west Texas and its implications for reducing roadway maintenance costs and CO2 emissions. The study focuses on cotton, a leading agricultural commodity in Texas, which is highly dependent on the international market and truck transport from west Texas to the Dallas-Fort Worth complex for purposes of accessing containerized railroad transportation to West Coast ports. Analyses were accomplished with a spatial model of the U.S. cotton industry that features details regarding cotton handling, storage, and transportation activities. The analyses indicate an intermodal terminal in west Texas’ intensive cotton-production region to be economically viable, attracting nearly 30% of Texas’ average cotton production. Implementation of an intermodal terminal in west Texas would annually reduce truck travel on state roadways and lower pavement maintenance expenditure by approximately $1 million and reduce CO2 emissions by 42% to 47%.
Border Zone Mass Transit Demad in Brownsville and Laredo
Authors: Fullerton Jr Thomas M. , Walke Adam G.
Published: November 2019

This study examines whether economic conditions in Mexico influence public transportation ridership levels in the border cities of Brownsville and Laredo, Texas. Besides the standard variables generally utilized to model bus ridership, additional indicators included in the empirical analysis are northbound pedestrian traffic and the real exchange rate index. Seemingly unrelated regression parameter estimates suggest that the volume of pedestrian border crossings in both cities is positively related to changes in ridership. The real exchange rate index in Laredo is negatively related to fluctuations in ridership, implying that peso appreciation increases transit utilization in this border city.
Microsimulating Automobile Markets: Evolution of Vehicle Holdings and Vehicle Pricing Dynamics
Authors: Selby Brent , Kockelman Kara M.
Published: November 2019

Vehicle ownership decisions are central to estimates of emissions, gas tax revenues, energy security, pavement management, and other concerns. This work combines an auction-style microsimulation of vehicle prices and random-utility-maximizing choices, producing a market model for the evolution of new and used personal-vehicle fleets. All available vehicles compete directly, with demand, supply, and price signals endogenous to the model. The framework is described, analyzed, and implemented to show its capabilities in predicting outcomes of varying inputs. Application of the model system using Austin, Texas, survey data over a 20-year period highlight the model’s flexibility and reasonable response to multiple inputs, as well as potential implementation issues.
Evaluating the Efficacy of Shared-use Vehicles for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions: A U.S. Case Study of Grocery Delivery
Authors: Wygonik Erica , Goodchild Anne
Published: November 2019

This paper compares the CO2 emissions from the use of personal vehicles to shared-use vehicles for grocery shopping in Seattle, Washington. The research builds on existing literature by considering the importance of modeling the logistical details of routing and scheduling, and by comparing the results of an American case study to existing European case studies. We find the US and European case studies to provide consistent results, that low customer density provides greater opportunities for emissions reductions, and that logistical efficiencies can account for approximately 50% of CO2 reductions.
A Framework for Determining Highway Truck-Freight Benefits and Economic Impacts
Authors: Wang Zun , Sage Jeremy , Goodchild Anne , Jessup Eric , Casavant Kenneth , Knutson Rachel L.
Published: November 2019

This paper proposes a method for calculating both the direct freight benefits and the larger economic impacts of transportation projects. The identified direct freight benefits included in the methodology are travel time savings, operating cost savings, and environmental impacts. These are estimated using regional travel demand models (TDM) and additional factors. Economic impacts are estimated using a regional Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model. The total project impacts are estimated combining the outputs of the transportation model and an economic model. A Washington State highway widening project is used as a case study to demonstrate the method. The proposed method is transparent and can be used to identify freight specific benefits and generated impacts.
Future Substitutes for Diesel Fuel in U.S. Truck and Railroad Freight Transportation
Authors: Baumel C. Phillip
Published: November 2019

This paper explains why diesel fuel is the preferred fuel in freight transportation. It identifies possible substitute fuels for motor carriers and railroads that are currently available and under development. It identifies which of these substitutes are likely to be used in the near and medium term years and the circumstances under which they will be used. The paper discusses which fuel efficiency measures have been successfully adopted by railroads and motor carriers. Finally, it suggests opportunities for transportation researchers to evaluate investment options to improve fuel efficiencies in freight transportation.
Introduction of Heavy Axle Loads
Authors: Martland Carl D.
Published: November 2019

The Association of American Railroads (AAR) initiated the Heavy Axle Load (HAL) Research Program in 1988 in order to “provide guidance to the North American railroad industry about whether to increase axle loads and to determine the most economic payload consistent with safety” (Kalay and Martland 2001). The research demonstrated the technical feasibility and economic desirability of increasing axle loads and the ability of technology to mitigate the adverse effects of heavier loads. In 1991, the industry decided to accept cars with 286,000 lb. gross vehicle weight (286k GVW) in interchange service. Since then, more than 90% of all bulk equipment acquired has been rated for 286k GVW. By 2010, nearly 100% of coal traffic and 30% of general freight moved in 286k loads. Technological improvements resulting from the HAL research program have been critical in enabling the industry to reduce costs of 286k operations. Stronger materials, better designs, and improved maintenance techniques reduced life cycle costs for rail and other track components. Bridge costs did not increase as much as expected, because of technological developments and better understanding of their ability to withstand HAL loads. Net benefits of HAL operations to railroads, suppliers, and their customers were approximately $6 billion between 1994 and 2010. Annual net benefits exceeded $600 million in 2010. Benefits included reductions in equipment expense, more efficient operations, and increases in line capacity. Given the technological advances in railroad engineering over the past 20 years, further increases in GVW or loading density should now be considered. OVERVIEW OF THE HAL RESEARCH PROGRAMThis paper has two major objectives. First, it estimates the net benefits achieved by increasing the maximum GVW to 286k, taking into account impacts on operations and infrastructure. Second,