bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DR. TAHIR TAUNSVI'S WORK ON MASOOD HASSAN RIZVI ADEEB
Authors: Dr Qamar Abbas  , Dr Qaisar Aftab Ahmed
Published: January 2023

Dr. Tahir Taunsvi is a well-known and acclaimed researcher, critic, and poet of Urdu language and literature. His, more than seventy remarkable books (compilations and compositions) are a great contribution to Urdu research and criticism. He has also written more than three hundred valuable research articles. He introduced many literary personalities to the arena of the Urdu language and literature. Prominent Indian researcher and critic Syed Masood Hassan Rizvi Adeeb and his literary dimensions are an important field of Dr. Tahir Taunsvi’s research work. In this article, the authors have presented an analytical study of the following four research books of Dr. Tahir Taunsvi. Masood Hassan Rizvi Adeeb: Hayat Aur Karnamay, Lakhnawyat_e _Adeeb, Razm Nama Anees O Dabeer Taaruf O Taqabal, Masood Hassan Rizvi Adeeb, Kitabyaat. In these detailed and comprehensive research books, the author has unfolded the life history, different literary dimensions (especially, as a critic, researcher, and poet), and the worth of literary achievements of Syed Masood Hassan Rizvi Adeeb. This study not only unveils the salient features of these exceptional research books of Dr. Tahir Taunsvi but also throws light on the multidimensional literary aspects of renowned writer Masood Hassan Rizvi Adeeb.
The Position of the Accountant Profession in the Anathema Hadith for Usury Transaction Actors
Authors: Ahmad Arief  , Sakka Abd. Rahman , Ahmad La Ode Ismail , Abdul Rauf Rusmin
Published: January 2023

This article aims to analyze the position of the Accountant profession and the hadith of anathema for usury transaction actors. Accountants as prefetions will be indispensable in trasaksi, there is even an order there is a profession that records transactions in the Quran. However, it will be a problem when the transaction is a usury transaction. In the hadith, the Messenger of Allah circumcised the author of usury transactions. In this case it is an accountant. This article is a hadith study that uses a maudūī (thematic) approach. The article finds that there are scholarly disagreements with the profession. There are those who absolutely forbid and there are those who allow on condition that they are allowed on the condition that they try to eliminate the awarid al-muktasabah (a barrier that can be attempted to be removed) namely the inability to detect usury by studying all related elements in usury transactions.
FACTORES QUE DETERMINAN EL PODER Y COMPETENCIA DE MERCADO AGROINDUSTRIAL EN EL ECUADOR
Authors: Flores Chamba Gloria Amanda , Peñaherrera Murillo Jair Alejandro
Published: January 2023

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar y describir los factores que determinan el poder y competencia de mercado agroindustrial en el Ecuador, tomando como guía la Ley Orgánica de Regulación y Control de Poder de Mercado en la cual se busca garantizar una competencia justa entre empresas evitando así el abuso del poder del mercado estableciendo reglas claras y transparentes para que de esta manera exista una competencia justa y así mermar las prácticas desleales. Además, con la implementación de esta ley de Regulación y Control del Poder se busca proteger a los consumidores que también forman parte importante de la economía y a los pequeños y medianos productores, de los abusos de la alta concentración económica y las prácticas monopólicas. Mediante la obtención de los datos obtenidos se pudo establecer una comparativa mediante varios autores de diversas publicaciones de revistar donde se puede destacar del equilibrio de la competencia que se tendría que dar para que exista una amplia gama de productos destacados, sobre todo para que el poder que existe en el mercado no explote demasiado a pequeños y grandes productores que se abastecen con pequeños recursos y sus productos que salen desde sus propiedades. Para ello se recopiló información en relación con la economía y la agroindustria mediante una revisión de bibliografía extensa, tomando en cuenta los 3 principales factores del poder de competencia siendo: barreras a la entrada, diferenciación y economías de escala. Estas barreras son todas aquellas vallas que complican o impiden que nuevos competidores participen en una industria.
COMPORTAMIENTO FERMENTATIVO DE LA LEVADURA VÍNICA Y DE PANIFICACIÓN EN UN MOSTO DE MANZANA CON ADICIÓN DE ENZIMAS PECTOLÍTICAS
Authors: Andrade Albán María José , Alvarado Carrasco José Alfonso
Published: January 2023

La manzana, variedad Emilia (Reineta amarilla de Blenheim) es una fruta de textura crujiente y sabor agradable, por lo que es adecuada para diversos usos, tanto en forma fresca como procesada. La presente investigación plantea el uso de levaduras vínicas como un aporte categórico, complementado con la adición de enzimas pectinolíticas para optimizar el proceso de clarificación y de maduración del producto elaborado. Se prepararon mostos limpios ajustados a 21 grados brix, inoculados con dos tipos de levaduras; levadura vínica (LALVIN EC1118 (S. cerevisiae bayanus) y levadura de panificación (LEVAPAN (S. cerevisiae)), posteriormente se probó la adición de enzima pectolítica LLALZYME C – MAX. Durante el período de fermentación en las muestras de vino se analizaron las variaciones de sólidos solubles (grados brix), pH, acidez total (% ácido málico) y absorbancia a una longitud de 420 nm, como parámetros de control. En la fase de maduración en botellas se evaluó la variación de extracto seco, turbidez, índice de polifenoles totales (IPT), polifenoles totales (PT). Las características físico – químicas finales de los vinos elaborados fueron los siguientes: sólidos solubles 6,4 – 7,1; pH 3,25 – 3,33; acidez total expresada en % de ácido málico 0,040 %; absorbancia 0,0101 – 0,441 UA; extracto seco 9,8 g; turbidez entre 13 y 30 NTU; IPT 13,04 – 17,07 UA; y PT 537,7 – 556,22 mg/l. Los tratamientos que presentaron los mejores atributos tanto físico – químicos como sensoriales fueron los vinos que contenían la levadura vínica LALVIN EC- 1118 y la levadura de panificación (S. cerevisiae) sin adición de enzimas pectolíticas.
LA ADICIÓN DE PROBIÓTICOS Y PREBIÓTICOS Y SU INFLUENCIA EN LAS PROPIEDADES DEL YOGUR GRIEGO
Authors: Chávez Echeverría Dayana Gabriela
Published: January 2023

Los alimentos funcionales desde hace tiempo, han sido relacionados con un criterio de alimentación saludable, durante los últimos años, estos productos han sido modificados con la adición de ingredientes alimentarios que permiten en ellos un incremento en los beneficios que provocan en la salud humana, al comparar estos alimentos antes mencionados con los alimentos convencionales, se obtiene la aprobación del consumidor quien los incluye como parte de un estilo de vida saludable, razón que provoca que este mercado sea cada vez más rentable, a pesar de esto, no se han definido normas y directrices que regulen su desarrollo a pesar que estudios relacionados al tema incrementen. El presente artículo de revisión tuvo como finalidad el análisis de diferentes aportes de autores, de relevancia a nivel internacional, relacionados a la adición de probióticos y prebióticos en alimentos, para determinar la viabilidad de añadir estos ingredientes a la formulación de un yogur griego y determinar si estos influyen en las características físico-químicas y organolépticas del producto final. Las investigaciones analizadas en esta investigación, demuestran que bajo algunos parámetros durante el procesamiento de ciertos productos alimentarios y al seleccionar los microorganismos probióticos y los prebióticos más viables para la matriz alimentaria, puede incidir de manera positiva en las características físico-químicas y en menor grado en las organolépticas, demostrándose la factibilidad de continuar con el estudio.
Imaginarios de la maldad. El espacio como perpetrador en el goregrind mexicano
Authors: González Hernández José Omar
Published: January 2023

El siguiente artículo propone un acercamiento a las representaciones del perpetrador y del espacio en el subgénero de metal llamado goregrind. La pregunta a responder es si ¿es posible pensar desde las características de este subgénero al espacio como un perpetrador? Para poder responderla se tomarán tres estudios de caso desde tres componentes de lo sonoro en el goregrind; el ruido, el sample y la ambientación. En la primera parte del artículo se procederá a definir las características usuales del subgénero, donde se observa representaciones que retoman conceptos como lo grotesco, abyecto, y periférico los cuales también son definidos. En la segunda parte se realizará un diálogo en torno a la figura del perpetrador y del espacio físico e imaginado. En la tercera parte se abordará cada estudio de caso mostrando como se representa al espacio como perpetrador, desde el ruido, del devenir del subgénero y desde la creación de un ambiente en específico. De esta manera se observa que los imaginarios del espacio como perpetrador no solo cubren una tradición estética del género musical, sino que también están sujetos a las contingencias mediáticas, no solo influenciadas por la tradición del género sino por la violencia experimentada por los miembros de las bandas.
AKUNTABILITAS PUBLIK DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN DALAM MEMBERIKAN KEPUASAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT STUDI PADA KANTOR DESA LABUHAN SUMBAWA
Authors: Rahayu Sri , Diatmika I Putu Gede , Noviana N
Published: January 2023

Indeks Kepuasan Masyarakat adalah data dan informasi tentang tingkat kepuasanmasyarakat yang diperoleh dari hasil pengukuran secara kuantitatif atau kualitatifatas pendapat masyarakat dalam memperoleh pelayanan dari aparaturpenyelenggara pelayanan publik dengan membandingkan antara harapan dankebutuhannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruhakuntabilitas publik dan kualitas pelayanan terhadap kepuasan masyarakat.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah melalui pendekatankuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian asosiatif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahuihubungan antara dua variabel atau lebih. Penelitian berlokasi di kantor DesaLabuhan Sumbawa selama 5 bulan sejak Juni hingga Oktober 2022. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa akuntabilitas publik dan kualitas pelayananberpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kepuasan masyarakat, didapatkankoefisien signifikansi sebesar 0,000 dan t hitung sebesar 5,443 dan koefisienregresi memiliki nilai positif yaitu sebesar 0,421. Nilai koefisien signifikansi0,000 < 0,05 dan t hitung = 5,443 > t tabel = 1,98698, maka ????????1 diterima. dankoefisien signifikansi sebesar 0,000 dan t hitung sebesar 4,583 dan koefisienregresi memiliki nilai positif yaitu sebesar 0,517. Nilai koefisien signifikani0,000 < 0,05 dan t hitung = 4,583 > t tabel = 1,98698, maka ????????2 diterima.
Pengabdian kepada masyarakat melalui pendampingan kesehatan: kuliah kerja nyata
Authors: Islaeli  , Nurdin  , Izan Wa Ode , Agusman Alan , Wulandari Hersianti Cahya
Published: January 2023

Tahapan proses pendidikan yang secara umum diselenggarakan oleh Perguruan Tinggi yang merupakan salah satu wadah dalam penerapan dan pengembangan ilmu dan teknologi yang dilaksanakan diluar kampus merupakn defisini dari Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN). Pelaksanaan KKN harapannya dapat meningkatkan, mengembangkan kompetensi diri mahasiswa setelah mendapatkan proses pembelajaran materi di kelas. Adapun tujuan pengabdian ini adalah memberikan pemahaman kepada masyarakat setempat tentang Hipertensi Metode Kegiatan Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Lasoso tepatnya di balai desa, kecamatan Anggalamoare, Kabupaten Konawe. Pada tanggal 16 maret 2022, saranan kegitan ini adalah masyarakat desa lasoso yang berjumlah 25 orang. Dimana kegiatan ini Mahasiswa KKN memberikan penyuluhan mengenai kesehatan dengan metode ceramah, tanya jawab dan diskusi. Hasil Dari hasil pendataan yang telah kami lakukan bahwa di Desa Lasoso memang penyakit dominan yang diderita oleh masyarakat setempat adalah Hipertensi dimana tekanan darah yaitu 130 mmhg sampai 140 mmhg, penyakit Hipertensi sebanyak  30 jiwa 4,7%. Kesimpulan Masyarakat didesa lasoso banyak yang mengalami hipertensi dikarenakan kurangnya penyuluhan kesehatan disana, dan masyarakat di desa lasoso penyebab utama terjadinya hipertensi dikarenakan sering mengosumsi minuman beralkohol setiap harinya, tidak melakukan aktifitas seperti berolahraga.
Manajemen Pembiayaan Pendidikan Perspektif Al-Quran
Authors: Noor Islahudin Ahmad , Ramadhani Wulandari Nina
Published: January 2023

Untuk tercapainya tujuan pendidikan dan mutu sekolah yang baik, maka biaya pendidikan harus dikelola sebaik-baiknya dengan optimal, efektif, efisien, dialokasikan dan didistribusikan sesuai dengan kebutuhan, sistematis, komprehensif dan menggunakan strategi. Pembiayaan pendidikan meliputi: perencanaan anggaran pendidikan, pembiayaan pendidikan, pelaksanaan anggaran pendidikan, akuntansi dan pertanggung jawaban keuangan pendidikan, serta pemeriksaan dan pengawasan anggaran pendidikan. Pengawasan penggunaan anggaran pendidikan adalah merupakan aktivitas-aktivitas memonitor/ monitoring, memeriksa/ auditing, mengevaluasi/ evaluation, dan melaporkan/ reporting penggunaan anggaran. Model sistem manajemen pembiayaan pendidikan perspektif al-Quran yaitu; (a) Input manajemen pembiayaan pendidian yang bersifat rabani, yaitu bersumber dari al-Quran yang merupakan firman Allah Swt. (b) Proses manajemen pembiayaan pendidikan dengan perencanaan anggaran pendidikan yang żū baṣīroh (visioner), akuntansi yang musāalah (akuntabilitas) dan pengawasan yang manḥajī (sistematis). (c) Output manajemen pembiayaan pendidikan adalah ubudiah dan akhlaki. Ubudiah berarti bernilai ibadah, sedangkan akhlaki berarti di dalam semua kegiatan manajemen pembiayaan pendidikan terdapat nilai-nilai akhlak, baik akhlak kepada sang Maha Pencipta maupun akhlak kepada sesama makhluk hidup.
Gaya Kepemimpinan Kepala Madrasah Dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Pendidikan Pada Era Digital
Authors: Helmina Dewi Wiwik , Lazwardi Dedi
Published: January 2023

Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui gaya kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan pada era digital di MTs Bustanul Ulum Sridadi Kecamatan Kalirejo, Kabupaten Lampung Tengah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan mengunakan pendekatan kualitatif, Penelitian jenis ini mengandalkan manusai sebagai alat penelitian, mengarahkan sasaran penelitian pada usaha menemukan teori dari dasar, bersifat deskriptif, lebih mementingkan proses daripada hasil, memilih seperangkat kriteria untuk menulis keabsahan data, rancangan penelitian bersifat sementara dan hasil penelitian disepakati oleh peneliti dan subjek penelitian. Subyek penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah dan guru. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini adalah Gaya kepemimpinan kepala sekolah di MTs Bustanul Ulum sudah baik dalam pengendalian terhadap guru-guru dan para siswanya, berkaitan tentang gaya kepemimpinan yang dipakai kepala sekolah berupa tipe kepemimpinan demokrasi, yang dimana gaya kepemimpinan ini sifatnya yang system open management yang membuat sifat ini menjadi tepat untuk kelembagaan modern. Kualitas pendidikan era digital di MTs Bustanul Ulum Sridadi masih kurang optimal, terlihat pada keberadaan komputer yang ada tetapi pengoprasionalannya yang kurang maksimal dan banyak komputer yang terbengkalai, sarana penunjang pun masih kurang seperti halnya proyektor, jaringan WIFI yang masih kadang terganggu dan juga penerangan dalam setiap kelas masih kurang.
Pegaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Kepala Madrasah Terhadap Kompetensi Guru Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Kinerja Guru Madrasah Aliyah Se Kabupaten Lampung Tengah
Authors: Mida Hayati Rina
Published: January 2023

This study aims to investigate the influence of leadership style variables on teacher competence and teacher performance. This research is a survey research with quantitative approach. The participants in this study amounted to 142 teachers from Madrasah Aliyah throughout Central Lampung. Data collection on teacher competence and effective learning used a 5 Likert scale questionnaire, and leadership style data used a questionnaire developed by Northouse. The data analysis technique used path analysis. The findings of this study are: 1) democratic leadership has a significant effect on teacher competence, while laissez-faire leadership has no significant effect on teacher competence; 2) there is a positive and significant influence between teacher competence (professional, pedagogic, personality and social) on teacher performance and 3) there is a positive and significant influence of democratic leadership style on teacher performance, while laissez-faire leadership style has no significant effect on teacher performance.
Pemikiran Anre Gurutta Muhammad Abduh Pabadja Tentang Lailatul Qadr Dalam Rekaman Suara Di Radio Mesra Pare-Pare
Authors: Idris Mariani , Abubakar Achmad , Irham Muhammad , Widodo Panggih , Rahim Yusuf
Published: January 2023

Lailatul Qadr is still an unsolved mystery, considering that there are many different opinions related to the decline of Lailatul Qadar. There are some who say that Lailatul Qadar descended at the beginning of Ramadan; there are also those who say Lailatul Qadar is in the last ten days of Ramadan; and some even argue that Lailatul Qadar was revealed on odd days in the last ten days of Ramadan. This study aims to understand the interpretations of the Koran originating from Sulawesi, one of which is discussed in this research, namely Anre Gurutta Muhammad Abduh Pabadja in his book entitled al-Quran al-Karim al-lughah al-Bugisiyyah through audio recordings that can be obtained from Radi Mesra Pare-pare . The method used in this research is library research using a qualitative descriptive analytical approach. The results in the explanation of this study indicate that Lailatur Qadr is a night of glory, which is filled with many blessings in it and can erase all sins that have been committed in the past. So it can be concluded that the night of Lailatul Qadr is a night full of blessings. Blessings can be felt when one has strong faith and only hopes for Allah's blessing.
Pengembangan Pendidikan Islam dengan Strategi Teungku Chiek di Rundeng Aceh Indonesia
Authors: Anwar Dede Saepul
Published: January 2023

Aceh was under Dutch rule for decades. During this time, the public couldn’t access education due to restrictions put in place by the Dutch empire. Access to quality schools is limited to children from the upper class, as most children have difficulty getting an education. As a result, many kids struggle to get an education that includes Islamic education— even if they are from the upper class. Understanding Aceh’s only province with Islamic syari’ah is the main goal of this paper. After that, solutions provided by Teungku Chiek Dirundeng for building Islamic education are sought out. Through his efforts, he helped the Aceh community come together and find solutions to their problems. The story of Teungku Chiek Dirundeng is recorded in Aceh’s saga and written directly into Dutch history books. It’s one of the religious leaders in Aceh who contributed to building the civilization of human life by educating people. This research uses qualitative methods to examine the history and strategies of Teungku Chiek Dirundeng to develop an Islamic-based education system in Aceh. Researchers reviewed every public document published between 1960 and the present day for their research. These documents showed that Teungku Chiek Dirundeng believed building Islamic schools was the best way to promote Islamic education. Pesantren, pronounced Dayah in Indonesian, is an educational institution founded by Muslim scholars. It's based in Meukek, Labuhan Haji and Rundeng areas and is known for its ability to mobilize the community to work together. Only a few researchers have studied the history of Islamic leaders. One of these people is Aceh’s Sultan Hamengku Buwono II. He led the community to create dayah, which is the first step in forming an Islamic education system. Before that point, he helped people establish basics like religion and its rituals in Aceh.
Strategi Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia di Pondok Pesantren
Authors: Iswahyudi Hendri , Rifa’i Khoirul Arif , Kholif Dedi , Sutarmo Sutarmo , Astuti Yuni , Riyanto Riyanto
Published: January 2023

The existence of human resources determines the effectiveness of achieving the goals of Islamic boarding schools. It is necessary to develop human resources to improve the quality and quantity. The programs designed must be able to cover the increase in the quality and quantity of human resources at Islamic boarding schools. Human resource development must be carried out systematically to achieve effective development goals. This research method uses qualitative research methods with a literature review approach. The research stages were carried out starting from article collection, article reduction, article display, discussion, and conclusion. Based on the results of this study, a Human Resource Development strategy was found in Islamic boarding schools, namely training is held every month and all workers are required to take part in the training and teacher strategies in improving the quality of students, namely general coaching by providing opportunities to participate in helping to establish training cottages to improve the quality of welfare that exists at the Islamic Boarding School.
Peran Guru PAI dalam Pembinaan Karakter Religius Peserta Didik melalui Kegiatan Mentoring di SDIT Al Irsyad Al Islamiyyah Karawang
Authors: Solihat Dewi , Wahyudi Undang Ruslan
Published: January 2023

Religious character is a character that shows obedient attitudes and behavior in carrying out the teachings of the religion they adhere to. Manifested in the form of the quality and quantity of his relationship with God, fellow human beings and also the environment that has been internalized within himself. This study aims to describe the efforts of PAI teachers in fostering the religious character of students at SDIT Al Irsyad Al Islamiyyah Karawang through mentoring activities. The approach in this study uses a qualitative descriptive approach. The subjects of this study were PAI teachers and students. From the research results, the mentoring activities implemented at SDIT Al Irsyad Al Islamiyyah Karawang are very effective as one of the efforts in forming the religious character of students. Because in mentoring, students are taught good etiquette, namely etiquette towards parents, etiquette towards teachers, etiquette towards friends, etiquette towards oneself, etiquette towards the environment, etiquette in dressing, etiquette towards knowledge, etiquette in eating and drinking. The teacher's role in mentoring activities is teaching material and overseeing religious habituation in schools. The obstacles in this mentoring activity are the lack of time intensity, teacher competence and lack of support from students' parents.
Problematika Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka di SMP Negeri 5 Padang Panjang
Authors: Susanti Hendra , Fadriati Fadriati , B.S Iman Asroa
Published: January 2023

This research was conducted with the aim of knowing and describing the problems of implementing the independent curriculum that occurred at SMPN 5 Padang Panjang. This research departs from the background of the many phenomena surrounding the implementation of the independent curriculum and various policies regarding the independent curriculum. The research question raised is how the problems of implementing the independent curriculum at SMPN 5 Padang Panjang are problematic. The research was conducted with a qualitative type of field research. Data was collected by interviewing school principals, curriculum representatives, and teacher councils as well as making observations at SMPN 5 Padang Panjang. The results of these interviews were analyzed and then presented in a descriptive form. The results of this analysis can answer the questions formulated in the research questions. The results of this analysis are in the form of problems in the implementation of the independent curriculum originating from the government in the form of less than optimal guidance and assistance in the implementation of the independent curriculum. In addition, there are also problems originating from teachers in the form of a lack of teacher ability to utilize independent teaching platforms and utilize technology to learn and understand independent curriculum.
Gynecological care for the population of transgender men in Primary Health Care / Atendimento ginecológico à população de homens transgêneros na Atenção Primária à Saúde
Authors: Leonel Gabriela Aparecida , Terra Chini Lucélia , De Oliveira Paloma Elisama , Alves Pereira Calheiros Christianne , Scotini Freitas Patricia
Published: January 2023

Objetivo: avaliar o atendimento ginecológico à população de homens transgêneros sob a ótica de médicos e enfermeiros da atenção primária. Método: estudo transversal e quantitativo, realizado com 36 profissionais de saúde de um município de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Utilizou-se um instrumento contendo questões sobre dados sociodemográficos, formação profissional, conhecimento quanto à temática transgeneridade e sobre os serviços ginecológicos aos homens transgêneros. Resultados: a amostra foi 100,00% de cisgêneros, idade média de 31,89±13,43 anos. Destes, 52,77% nunca atenderam transgêneros. Quanto às consultas ginecológicas aos homens transgêneros, 8,33% não acham necessárias, 74,98% não se sentem plenamente preparados para lidar com essa situação e 19,42% não se sentem plenamente confortáveis de atendê-los. Conclusão: há despreparo e déficit na formação dos profissionais quanto ao atendimento ginecológico aos homens transgêneros, sendo que deveria estar em conformidade com as demandas e direitos que esta população possui.
SALL4‐related gene signature defines a specific stromal subset of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with poor prognostic features
Authors: Vienot Angélique , Monnien Franck , Truntzer Caroline , Mougey Virginie , Bouard Adeline , Pallandre Jean‐René , Molimard Chloé , Loyon Romain , Asgarov Kamal , Averous Gerlinde , Ghiringhelli François , Bibeau Frédéric , Peixoto Paul , Borg Christophe
Published: January 2023

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is marked by molecular heterogeneity and poor prognosis. Among the stemness‐related transcription factors, Spalt‐like Transcription Factor 4 (SALL4) is correlated with unfavorable outcomes; however, its roles in PDAC remain unclear. SALL4high expression defines a PDAC subpopulation characterized by a shortened patient survival. Although SALL4 expression was mostly evaluated in tumor cells, our findings identify this embryonic transcription factor as a new biomarker in PDAC‐derived stroma. Gene expression analysis reveals that the SALL4high PDAC subset is enriched in cancer stem cell properties and stromal enrichment pathways; notably, an interaction with cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAF) activated by TGF‐β. A particular oncogenic network was unraveled where Netrin‐1 and TGF‐β1 collaborate to induce SALL4 expression in CAF and drive their cancer‐stemness‐promoting functions. A 7‐gene stromal signature related to SALL4high PDAC samples was highlighted and validated by immunochemistry for prognosis and clinical application. This SALL4‐related stroma discriminated pancreatic preinvasive from invasive lesions and was enriched in short‐term survivors. Our results show that SALL4 transcriptional activity controls a molecular network defined by a specific stromal signature that characterizes PDAC invasiveness and worse clinical outcomes.
Conservatism and stock price informativeness
Authors: Ha Joohyung
Published: January 2023

This paper examines how conservative financial reporting influences stock price informativeness, which is defined as the extent to which the current market price reflects future earnings information. Using the accuracy of the future earnings expectations embedded in the current equity price as a measure of stock price informativeness, I find that conservative reporting is positively associated with price informativeness. The results are robust to an alternative stock price informativeness measure, namely, specific return variation or price non‐synchronicity. Furthermore, I also find that a greater positive association between conservatism and stock price informativeness is associated with (1) lower analyst coverage and decreased forecast dispersion, (2) greater bid–ask spreads and greater R&D, and (3) lower financial disclosure quality, supporting the argument that main channel by which conservatism improves stock price informativeness is its impact on the information environment. Overall, the evidence suggests that (1) conservatism improves stock price informativeness by improving the firm's information environment, and (2) the marginal benefit of improvement in stock price informativeness via conservatism is more pronounced in firms with poorer information environments. The results further confirm that conservatism substitutes for information environments in ensuring more accurate equity pricing.
COVID–19ワクチン接種後にvocal cord dysfunctionを呈した1例(A case report of difficult diagnosis in the patient with vocal cord dysfunction after COVID–19 vaccination)
Authors: 秀明 長島 , 憲幸 服部 , さや 池上 , 智史 柄澤 , 隆三 安部 , 泰至 中野 , 孝明 中田
Published: January 2023

複数のアレルギー歴がある13歳女児。1回目のCOVID–19ワクチン接種直後に咽頭違和感が出現し，アナフィラキシー症状として加療されるも呼吸困難など気道症状が持続した。当院紹介後にアドレナリン筋肉内注射（筋注）の追加とβ2刺激薬吸入を行い気道症状が軽快したことを確認し，遅発性アナフィラキシーに備えて入院した。翌日退院するも同日に気道症状が再燃し，アドレナリン筋注とβ2刺激薬吸入に加えアドレナリン＋デキサメタゾン吸入を繰り返したが改善せず再入院とした。β2刺激薬の定時吸入，プレドニゾロン内服を追加したが気道症状は繰り返し出現した。無症状時の喉頭ファイバー所見では，声門周囲の刺激で吸気時に声門が閉鎖する奇異性声帯運動を認め，呼吸機能検査では吸気相の平坦化を認めた。ワクチンに含まれるポリエチレングリコールへのアレルギー反応も疑われたが，気道症状しか認めないことから，ワクチン接種に対する不安や注射針による直接的な侵襲により誘発されたvocal cord dysfunction（VCD）と診断した。治療として，病態ならびに生命の危険がないことを説明した。その後，症状は軽快し，外来通院の方針として退院した。VCDは生命の危険がないが，治療の遅れが致命的となるアナフィラキシーや喘息に症状が類似しているため，それらに対する治療と並行して，診断に向けて検査を進めていくことが重要である。
ECPR後に判明した右総腸骨動脈瘤破裂に合併した腸間膜損傷と腹部コンパートメント症候群に対して集学的治療で救命しえた1例(Successful treatment of mesenteric injury and abdominal compartment syndrome with a ruptured right common iliac artery aneurysm after extracorporeal cardio pulmonary resuscitation using intensive care: a case report)
Authors: 知也 松田 , 純平 高松 , 雄一郎 阪本
Published: January 2023

48歳の男性。突然の上腹部痛を主訴に救急要請，搬送中に心肺停止となった。急性心筋梗塞による心肺停止を疑い，venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation（VA–ECMO）を導入し心拍再開した。CT検査にて右総腸骨動脈瘤破裂と診断し，VA–ECMO下でendovascular aortic repair （EVAR）を施行した。動脈瘤の止血は得られたが，腹部膨満を認め低血圧が遷延した。腹部コンパートメント症候群と診断，緊急開腹手術を施行し，活動性出血を伴わない小腸間膜裂創を認め，動脈瘤および小腸間膜裂創を挟むようにパッキングガーゼを留置，open abdominal management（OAM）を施行した。しかし，術後に循環動態が不安定なため再手術を施行すると，小腸間膜裂創より動脈性出血を認め，結紮止血し再度OAMとした。第2病日にVA–ECMOから離脱，第4病日に閉腹術を施行し，第41病日に独歩退院した。Extracorporeal cardio pulmonary resuscitation後に判明した動脈瘤破裂に対して，EVARで動脈瘤の止血が得られても，破裂瘤に起因する血腫による出血性臓器損傷などにより腹部コンパートメント症候群を来す可能性があるため，超音波検査を繰り返すなど，腹腔内出血に留意し診療を継続する必要がある。
Forty‐fifth ASPEN Presidential Address: Medical nutrition therapy, is it time to get personal?
Authors: Cresci Gail A. M.
Published: January 2023

The time could not be riper for the field of nutrition as it moves into the forefront being recognized as a major influencer in the prevention and management of many diseases. The approach to nutrition support therapy, which includes oral diet and enteral and parenteral nutrition, has historically involved approaching patients in the same “one size fits all” manner. However, as research methodologies have advanced over the past decade, data suggest that although people may be grouped into having a particular disease or condition, their nutrition therapeutic intervention may be optimized if it is personalized. This thought‐provoking session will discuss current dietary guidelines and provide evidence and pose opportunities toward a future direction incorporating a personalized therapeutic nutrition support approach, which takes into consideration the metabolic capacity of the gut microbiome.
Core Incubators of False Information Online
Authors: Bakir Vian , McStay Andrew
Published: January 2023

False information is incubated across complex, interconnected communication and technological environments, imbricating individuals and society. This chapter introduces two key concepts. The first is theeconomics of emotion: namely, the optimisation of datafied emotional content for financial gain. The second concept is thepolitics of emotion: namely, the optimisation of datafied emotional content for political gain. Optimising emotions entails understanding people in terms of demography, interests and disposition; creation of content (by machines or by people) optimised to resonate with profiled individuals and groups; strategic ambition to elicit emotion to cause contagion; and recording of this datafied emotion expression, to feed into the next wave of info-contagion. The chapter presents theeconomics of emotionas the core incubator of false information online, as this stems from the business model of globally dominant digital platforms while also enabling the business model of digital influence mercenaries. However, thepolitics of emotionreadily exploits the tools at its disposal.
Explaining Korea’s Positioning in the US–China Strategic Competition
Authors: Maduz Linda
Published: January 2023

Given South Korea’s pivotal role in the security order of Northeast Asia, the US and China are expected to keep raising pressure on South Korea to distinctively position itself in their rivalry. As the rivalry intensified over the past years, Seoul’s strategy has been to accommodate both great powers and to avoid taking sides. The analysis of this chapter shows that this is consistent with the country’s positioning since the end of the Cold War. Structural, political, and broader societal factors combine to explain Seoul’s strategic choices. Today, the country’s policymakers face an international environment that increasingly constrains their strategic options. At the same time, they are confronted with shifts in domestic perceptions, turning increasingly critical of China. Combined, these trends suggest that South Korea will adopt more critical positions toward China in future. The 2022 election of a new South Korean president who has distinguished himself for his anti-Chinese rhetoric might be an early indication of this. For the time being, the country is, however, unlikely to go as far as to abandon its current hedging strategy and join the US in actively balancing against China.
Taking Sides with the US Against China?—An Analysis of the Taiwanese Choice
Authors: Huang David Wei Feng , Wu Wen-Chin
Published: January 2023

As Taiwan is now recognized as one of the major flashpoints for potential conflict between the US and China, one strategic choice confronting Taiwanese citizens is whether Taiwan should take sides with the US against China. To answer this question, we analyze survey data collected in Taiwan by Duke University in October 2020. We find that Taiwanese support for siding with the US against China has less to do with respondents’ party affiliation and views on unification or independence but more to do with circumstantial factors, such as their attitudes on “distrusting China” and “appeasing China.” Specifically, Taiwanese who believe that a moderate policy would be effective in preventing war in the Taiwan Strait are less likely to support such an alliance. Those who believe that China cannot be trusted to honor its peace commitment, or that it may use economic coercion against Taiwan, are more likely to support taking the US side against China. Our findings have several policy implications: if China wants to reduce the possibility of a US-Taiwan alliance, it should alleviate Taiwanese people’s distrust of its peace commitment toward Taiwan. Intensifying military threats against Taiwan is counterproductive, because it would invite US intervention, which in turn would increase Taiwanese support for a US-Taiwan alliance.
Other Countries Are Small Countries, and That’s Just a Fact: Singapore’s Efforts to Navigate US–China Strategic Rivalry
Authors: Chong Ja Ian
Published: January 2023

Singapore’s approach to the US-China competition so far is to continue claiming that it “does not wish to choose sides” between Washington and Beijing. This position—in place since the end of the Cold War—depends on two key conditions: that Singapore does not have intractable and indivisible differences with both major powers and that a significant overlap in interests exists between the United States and China. So long as such conditions hold, Singapore has significant flexibility and room for maneuver to maximize opportunities for cooperation with both major powers. Singapore’s longstanding approach to managing relations with the United States and China may become more risky and costly as the US-China rivalry intensifies, but whether its leadership can find an adequate and timely alternative remains in question and will be in the focus of the present chapter.
US-China Strategic Competition in the Context of the Global COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rigger Shelley , Montagne Jamie Rose
Published: January 2023

Since the end of the Qing dynasty, US-China relations have had a strong strategic dimension. Whether the two sides were allied in the fight against Japanese militarism, divided over Communism, or drawn together in an anti-Soviet rapprochement, strategic considerations have always played a key role. At times, engagement has emerged as both sides’ strategic preference, while at other times, the dominant form of interaction was competition. As this paper will show, policymakers in the US rarely embrace engagement without reservation; skepticism and caution are persistent themes in Washington’s China policy. Nonetheless, the balance of engagement and competition shifted toward competition after the Global Financial Crisis, and that trend has accelerated since 2015. As China’s economic, military, and political power have grown, its relationship with the US has deteriorated. The COVID-19 pandemic has reinforced the tension between the two great powers. Both sides’ policies are shaped by interactions and “facts on the ground,” but concepts and theories from the world of international relations (IR) theory have also contributed. We will argue that these theoretical perspectives have, at times, oversimplified complex drivers and motivations, reducing each side’s perception of the other to caricature. The result is to make difficult challenges even more fraught. A more rational, evidence-based approach to the relationship—one that avoids unnecessary confrontation and conflict—requires abandoning a priori thinking and assumption-driven policymaking.
Strategic Choices for Switzerland in the US-China Competition
Authors: Grano Simona A. , Weber Ralph
Published: January 2023

This chapter explores the case of Switzerland as a “small power” in the currently emerging new world order. Particularly, we address the Swiss position amid the growing strategic competition between the United States (US) and the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and given its long-standing but evolving practice of neutrality. In our chapter, we set off by discussing Switzerland’s foreign policy positioning against the backdrop of three theoretical perspectives: Switzerland as a state like all others; Switzerland as a small state; and, finally Switzerland as a small neutral state. With the help of these three categories, we further locate Switzerland’s foreign policy firmly in the “hedging zone,” especially concerning the country’s China policy. The chapter then discusses four key documents, all of which have been released in recent years, drawing out the country’s foreign policy framework, before reaching some conclusions.
Continuity and Change in Italy-China Relations: From Economic Pragmatism to Selective Followership and Back
Authors: Andornino Giovanni B.
Published: January 2023

Italy is generally not a conspicuous actor in world affairs. In 2019, however, the Italian government chose to sign a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for cooperation within the framework of China’s “Belt and Road Initiative” (BRI), thereby stepping right into the middle of what has become a defining feature of the current international system, namely the US-China strategic competition. This chapter focuses on Italy’s domestic politics to argue that Rome used the BRI MoU as a tool to strike a tactical entente with the PRC to leverage Beijing’s resulting goodwill in order to extract the economic concessions that had long eluded Italian policy-makers. Between 2018 and 2019 Italy reacted to the budding “neutrality” vs. “taking sides” dilemma in the post-unipolar order by moving across “sub-zones” within a China policy that remained firmly anchored in the “hedging zone”.
The UK’s Response to the Challenge of Managing Its Relationships with China and the US
Authors: Wye Roderic F.
Published: January 2023

As a medium-sized power, but one with particular global responsibilities and ambitions deriving from its position on the UN Security Council, the UK finds itself in a special position in terms of a balancing to bandwagoning continuum (The concept is taken from Alan Bloomfield, 2016) in its response to China in the light of the intense strategic competition between China and the US that has been emerging. The UK has until recently operated, as Australia, largely within the central hedging zone, seeking its own relationship with China, but remaining fundamentally committed to the alliance with the US. But that positioning rather underestimates the profound shifts that have taken place in Britain’s overall view and relationship with China. Less than a decade ago the UK was rejoicing in the so-called golden era of its bond with China, a description that seemed to be aligning the UK in some respects more closely with Chinese objectives (and certainly using Chinese-style language to describe the connection). It is now considerably more China-sceptical.
Navigating and Riding the Double Bind of Economic and Political Hedging: Japan and the US-China Strategic Competition
Authors: Chiavacci David
Published: January 2023

Japan finds itself in a double bind. On the one hand, the United States (US) has been a committed military ally, guaranteeing the national security of Japan since 1952. Any discussion of abandonment by the US sends shockwaves throughout the conservative security establishment of Japan. On the other hand, the rise of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) has transformed it into the most important trade partner of Japan, by far. Japan is interested in a continued expansion of the PRC economy. This paper analyzes the foreign economic policy of Japan and the security policy of the conservative, LDP-led governments under the leadership of Prime Minister Shinzō Abe (2012–2020) and his successors in this complex interplay of international relations and national politics.
Food System in India. Challenges, Performance and Promise
Authors: Gulati Ashok , Paroda Raj , Puri Sanjiv , Narain D. , Ghanwat Anil
Published: January 2023

India’s transformation of its food system from a highly deficient one in the mid-1960s to one that is self-reliant and marginally surplus now is a success story that holds lessons for many smallholder economies in Africa and south and south-east Asia. India has emerged as the largest producer of milk, spices, cotton and pulses; the second largest producer of wheat, rice, fruits and vegetables; the third largest producer of eggs; and the fifth largest producer of poultry meat. It is also the largest exporter of rice, spices and bovine meat. All of this became possible with an infusion of new technologies, innovative institutional engineering, and the right incentives. However, as India looks towards 2030 and beyond, its food system faces many challenges ranging from increasing pressure on natural resources (soils, water, air, forests) to climate change to fragmenting land holdings, increasing urbanisation, and high rates of malnutrition amongst children. To meet these challenges successfully, India needs a proper mix of policies- from the subsidy-driven to the investment-driven, from price policy to income policy, promoting agricultural diversification towards more nutritious food. It also needs to incentivise its private sector to build efficient and inclusive value chains, giving due importance to environmental sustainability. More innovative technologies, from green-to-gene, increasing digitalisation, the Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence, would be needed to ‘produce more from less’ with a goal of feeding the most populous nation on this planet by 2030 in a sustainable manner.
The Transition Steps Needed to Transform Our Food Systems
Authors: Webb Patrick , Flynn Derek J. , Kelly Niamh M. , Thomas Sandy M.
Published: January 2023

Contemporary food systems are unable to keep up with the food and nutritional demands of the world’s population and are unsustainable. The situation is set to worsen in the future due population growth and climate change, increasing competition for land, water, and other natural resources, and emerging diseases, conflict, and economic volatility. Government policymakers, donors, businesses, non-governmental organisations, and civil society should be encouraged to adopt a radical approach to transforming contemporary food systems. This chapter chalks out a practical plan for specific transition steps needed for the transformation of food systems. It lays out steps that can be taken at the international level, by national governments, civil societies, companies operating in the food system, and donors. It is emphasised that food systems need to move beyond addressing hunger to address all forms of malnutrition. Consumer demand needs to be harnessed as a significant driver of change. Food systems must become fully environmentally sustainable, thereby operating within planetary boundaries, and no one must be left behind during the transition. The transition needs to deliver transformed food systems capable of operating at two speeds, i.e., responding to immediate needs and short-term shocks, but also able to address the long-term restructuring of food systems needed to respond to climate change, population growth and urbanisation. The choices faced by these stakeholders may be confsidered by setting new priorities and principles to guide transition choices, placing poor and marginalised people at the heart of the transition, tackling trade-offs and compromises head on, ensuring that the transition process is appropriately resourced, and incentivising and supporting the actions.
The effect of partial delignification on the stress–strain relationship in transverse compression
Authors: Jakob Matthias , Gindl-Altmutter Wolfgang
Published: January 2023

Due to very significant improvements in the mechanical performance of solid wood, densification after partial or full delignification has received renewed attention. While studies predominantly focus on isolated cases, e.g., one wood species densified in one anatomical direction, systematic investigations of the effect of wood structure on the densification process are seldom performed. The present study compares the deformation patterns of one representative softwood (spruce) and hardwood (poplar), respectively, in transverse compression. In terms of variables, the native and partially delignified state, wet and dry conditions, and three different orientations of wood grain are considered. It shows that the structural inhomogeneity of spruce wood, with low-density earlywood and high-density latewood, governs its densification pattern and hinders defect-free densification. Contrarily, diffuse-porous poplar is structurally more homogeneous, which together with more efficient softening by delignification leads to favorable densification behavior. Overall, delignification led to a significant softening of both wood species in transverse compression, which greatly enhanced the softening effect of high wood moisture content.
High-precision fabrication of 4m SiC aspheric mirror
Authors: Luo Xiangang
Published: January 2023

The 4 m diameter SiC aspheric mirror emerges due to a series of technological breakthroughs in blank mirror preparation, asphere fabrication, and testing, as well as cladding and coating, laying the groundwork for future research into large SiC mirrors for astronomical observation.