bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In-Vitro Investigation of the Shear Bond Strength of Different Orthodontic Adhesives to Enamel
Authors: Abutayyem Huda
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic adhesives to enamel is a critical factor in the success of orthodontic treatment. Various adhesives are available in the market, each with different trade names and claimed properties that could influence their bond strength. Understanding these differences is essential for clinical decision-making.

Materials and Methods:

In this in-vitro study, 60 freshly extracted human premolars were collected and randomly divided into four groups: Group A (Adhesive X—Trade Name: BondPlus), Group B (Adhesive Y—Trade Name: OrthoBond), Group C (Adhesive Z—Trade Name: PowerBond), and Group D (Control). The enamel surfaces were cleaned, polished, and etched following standard protocols. Orthodontic brackets were bonded to the teeth using the respective adhesives according to the manufacturer’s instructions. A universal testing machine was employed to measure the SBS, and the data were analyzed using ANOVA with post-hoc tests.

Results:

The mean SBS values (MPa) were as follows: Group A = 15.2, Group B = 14.8, Group C = 16.5, and Group D (Control) =10.3. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences among the groups (P < 0.05). Post-hoc tests indicated that Group C exhibited significantly higher SBS compared to the other groups.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that among the orthodontic adhesives tested, PowerBond demonstrated superior shear bond strength to the enamel. However, further research is warranted to explore other aspects of adhesive performance and clinical implications.
A Retrospective Study to Assess the Clinico-Epidemiological Profile of Acute Poisoning Patients Admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Karnataka, India
Authors: Alva Janet , Devi Elsa Sanatombi , Balakrishnan Jayaraj Mymbilly , Gopinathan Vivek
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:

Acute poisoning is one of the most common medical conditions which requires emergency management. This study was aimed to generate the clinico-epidemiological profile of acute poisoned patients admitted to the emergency department in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods:

A retrospective research study was conducted in between June 2018 and September 2019. All acute poisoned patients admitted in KH hospital Manipal were included in the study. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The obtained results were stated as frequency, percentage, and Chi-square analysis.

Results:

Among 324 poisoned patients, 47.5% were organophosphate poisoning, with 48.9% belonging to the age group of 19–35 years. Apparently, 59.2% were male patients. The most common route of poisoning seen is 96.60% ingestion. Suicidal poisoning was noted in majority of the patients 92.90%. A large number of poisoned patients, 61.11%, were conscious while reporting to emergency department. The main reason for poisoning was marital disharmony 54.32%, and 14.5% patients were put on ventilator life support during treatment. Recovered and discharged from the hospital was seen in 76.54% of patients and death witnessed in 12.34% of poisoned patients. The patient outcome was found to be significantly associated with type of poisoning (P < 0.001) and motive of poison consumption (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

This study has succeeded to contribute added evidence concerning the clinico-epidemiological profile and consequence of acute poisoning patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital. Increased treatment expenses and admission in intensive care make burden to the family.
Health-Related Quality of Life and Prosthetic Satisfaction in Below-Knee Amputees: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sindwani Priyanka , Kothiyal Saumya , Chauhan Priya
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Global patients are the focus of the bulk of studies looking at patient satisfaction and social integration. The major objective is to integrate those people into society because the prevalence of amputation is increasing in India as well. Also, these researchers include a variety of illnesses, such as renal tubular acidosis (RTA), diabetes, vascular disorders, spinal cord damage, and stroke, in their investigations. There are not many studies conducted in India that only consider urban populations. The purpose of the study was to examine factors influencing the quality of life (QOL) and post-acceptance and contentment with one’s body image in patients with unilateral knee amputations.

Materials and Methods:

A random sampling method was performed to select the subjects. The records of the participants of the study were retrieved from the Chandigarh Welfare Trust Prosthetic Camp, Chandigarh, India, to obtain information on relevant demographic data. Patients were given both questionnaires, that is, Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology (QUEST 2.0) and Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ), and told about everything, and then, patients gave scores to themselves according to the activities and satisfaction they had with the prosthetic use. Spearman’s correlation test (two-tailed) was used to find the correlation between QUEST 2.0 and CIQ. The correlation between QUEST 2.0 and integration into productive activities (IPA) was also analyzed. A significant level of P ≤ 0.01 was fixed.

Result:

The correlation between QUEST 2.0 and CIQ is significantly strong or good (r = 1.00, P < 0.001). Home integration and social integration had a high or strong correlation with the QUEST assistive device domain (r = 0.43, P < 0.001) and each other (r = 0.785, P < 0.001). QUEST and productive activities are moderately associated (r = 0.57, P < 0.001). The service sub-domain of QUEST 2.0’s home integration component showed a substantially positive connection (r = 0.38, P < 0.001). It demonstrates that social integration has an overall positive relationship (r = 0.59, P < 0.001) with other factors.

Conclusion:

In the social life of those who have lost or are missing limbs, prostheses have a social function. By hiding their usage, individuals were able to avoid social stigmatization, which facilitated their social integration and lessened the emotional issues associated with such a disability.
Spontaneous Resolution of an Endobronchial Mass
Authors: Meleth Harsha E. , Barthwal Aman M. , Dole Sachinkumar S. , Barthwal M.S.
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Bronchial adenomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors accounting for 5% of primary pulmonary neoplasms. We report the case of a 21-year-old woman with recurrent episodes of lower respiratory tract infections requiring hospitalization since 2008. She was diagnosed with right middle lobe and lower lobe atelectasis and underwent fiber-optic bronchoscopy for further evaluation, which revealed a red, smooth, pedunculated mobile mass in the right bronchus intermedius. The post-bronchoscopy patient had hemoptysis. A review bronchoscopy performed for surgical management surprisingly revealed the disappearance of mass. The patient probably expectorated the mass during the episode of hemoptysis. Such incidence has been reported only once in the literature.
Intraoperative Tension Pneumothorax in a Child during Bronchogenic Cyst Excision – An Anesthetic Nightmare
Authors: Khatavkar Sonal , Sharma Vipul K. , Mohan Jayalakshmi , Raj Preeti
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

The bronchogenic cyst is a class of lung malformations that are congenital and non-vascular. Surgical excision per se is a great challenge for anesthesiologists as there have been cases with complications of fatal tension pneumothorax. Our patient is an 11-month-old child who underwent surgical excision of the bronchogenic cyst compressing the left bronchus. Intraoperatively, due to positive pressure ventilation, tension pneumothorax developed, ultimately leading to cardiac arrest. Prompt treatment with cardiopulmonary resuscitation followed by needle insertion in the second intercostal space on the right side, followed by an intercostal drain, revivedthe patient. An early diagnosis and an adequate approach to possible complications is the key to successful anesthetic management.
Effect of Classic Ketogenic Diet Versus Modified Atkins Diet over Electro-Encephalogram Findings in Children with Refractory Epilepsy
Authors: Deshpande Vaishali , Prabhu Purnima , Udani Vrajesh , Agarkhedkar Sharad
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Ketogenic diet (KD) is well known for control of refractory epilepsy. We wanted to study the effect of the two types of diets: classic KD and modified Atkins diet (MAD) with Indian foods to children of refractory epilepsy on electroencephalogram (EEG).

Aim:

To determine the effect of KD on EEG on children with refractory epilepsy.

Material and Methods:

Ethics Committee approval was taken for randomized controlled trials. Sixty-five children of refractory epilepsy of 6 months to 12 years’ age from two tertiary care teaching institutes, of Pune and Mumbai, were selected and allocated to one of the two types of diets, classic KD and MAD, and followed over a period of 6 months. EEG was done in the beginning, at 3 months, and at 6 months of completion of therapy with standard techniques.

Observations:

The relationship of EEG findings at 3 months follow-up was statistically non-significant, but at the end of 6 months, when overall improved activity on EEG was compared, it had a significant difference of P-value = 0.01, stating KD better than MAD.

Conclusion:

Classic KD is better than MAD.
Our Experience with Cut Throat Injury Cases in a Rural Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Rajendiran Devendiran , Nedunchezhiyan Lalitha Chezhiyan , Guhasaravanabhavan Soundara Rajan , Mani Gajalakshmi , Jayakumar Arunkumar Kandasamy
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Cut throat injuries are one of the most challenging surgical emergencies encountered by Ear, nose, throat (ENT) surgeons. If not treated in time, they may lead to death. Prevention of mortality depends on immediate resuscitation by securing the airway by tracheostomy or intubation, prompt control of bleeding, and wound closure.

Aims and Objectives:

Our study was conducted to observe and analyze: 1. The sociodemographic profile of cut throat injury patients admitted in our hospital. 2. The modes of cut throat injury cases admitted in our hospital. 3. Anatomical region and depth of the cut throat injury patients admitted in our hospital. 4. Treatment of cut throat injury patients given at our hospital.

Materials and Methods:

This is a prospective study of about 25 cases of cut throat injury presented to the emergency department in our tertiary care hospital situated in the rural area of Tamilnadu (India), between June 2021 and September 2022. Cut throat injury patients were managed by multidisciplinary approach headed by the ENT team.

Results:

In our study, 72% were males and 28% were females. The peak age of incidence is fourth decade (48%). People with lower socioeconomic status were affected more (40%). Eighty percent of the patients had Zone II injuries. Seventy-six percent of cases presented with active bleeding and 60% of cases came with breathing difficulty. The most common cause of cut throat injury had been found to be suicidal (52%). Sixty percent had laryngeal injuries. Seventy-two percent of the cases were managed with tracheostomy.

Conclusion:

Our study found that the majority of cut throat injury patients were males of age between 30 years to 40 years from poor socioeconomic status. Social involvement and political motivation, poverty reduction, individual awareness, increase in economic growth along with literacy rate will prevent the cut throat injuries. Early and improved proper management will reduce the mortality and morbidity.
A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blinded Study on the Comparison of Propofol and Ketofol (Combination of Ketamine and Propofol) for Modified Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Mathur Veena , Kumar Sunil , Verma Anand K. , Garg Deepak K. , Khare Arvind
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:

Modified electroconvulsive therapy is routinely used to treat complicated psychiatric disorders. Its therapeutic effect is directly proportional to induced seizure duration but it is associated with hemodynamic disturbances. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a ketamine + propofol combination (“ketofol”) for electroconvulsive therapy and to compare these with the effects of propofol alone.

Methods:

In this prospective study, 60 patients aged 18–60 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Ι and ΙΙ for psychiatric disorders were included. Patients were divided into two groups (30 each). Group P received propofol at 10 mg/ml and group K received ketofo at 10 mg/ml (ketamine 5 mg/ml and propofol 5 mg/ml in a 1:1 ratio). Motor/electroencephalography (EEG) seizure duration, induction time, hemodynamic variables, recovery time, agitation score, and complications were recorded. Standard qualitative and quantitative tests were used to compare the data (e.g., unpaired student t-test, Chi-squared test, etc). A P value of < 0.05 was considered to be significant.

Results:

The mean duration of (motor/EEG) seizure was statistically significantly high in the ketofol group compared to the propofol group (P = 0.0001/0.0001). The mean induction time was significantly less in the ketofol group compared to propofol group (P = 0.0001). The recovery time was significantly early in group K patients compared to group P (P = 0.004). The ketofol group was more hemodynamically stable with comparable agitation score and side effects than patients in the propofol group.

Conclusion:

In modified ECT, ketofol was associated with longer seizure duration, lesser induction time, better hemodynamic stability, early recovery with comparable post ECT agitation and adverse effects compared to propofol alone.
Vulval Fibroadenoma Presenting as a Unilateral Vulval Mass—A Report of a Common Neoplasm Present at an Uncommon Site
Authors: Jadhav Toyaja M. , Garud Sushil
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Vulval fibroadenoma is a rare benign tumor arising from the ectopic breast tissue or mammary-like anal glandular tissue. Although it is a common breast neoplasm, its genital location makes it notable, with less than a hundred cases being reported in the literature so far. It is commonly known to present in the reproductive age group, similar to its breast counterpart, with its histogenesis being a frequent topic of discussion. Despite being benign and largely infrequent, these vulval neoplasms continue to be important reasons for medical consultation. We present one such case of vulval fibroadenoma presenting as an enlarged lymph node in a 37-year-old female.
Spontaneous Development of Unilateral Orbital Emphysema Following a Bout of Sneezing: Case Report
Authors: Lahel Ranjit S. , Kumar Sangeet
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Orbital emphysema is a known complication of periorbital trauma due to a fracture in the orbital walls. However, it is uncommon to come across a case of orbital emphysema in clinical practice due to sneezing or coughing. The case reported here involves the development of spontaneous orbital swelling in a 24-year-old male occurring following a bout of sneezing. The case merits discussion to emphasize the importance of appropriate workup in detecting definitive etiology and urgently deciding upon the correct course of management in a case of orbital swelling, as any delay can cause permanent vision loss and on the other hand unnecessary intervention can cause damaging complications.
Noncommunicable Disease Service Utilization from the Upgraded Primary Care Centers: A Cross-Sectional Study from Kerala, India
Authors: Mathew Resmi , Olickal Jeby J.
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

World Health Organization recommends the integrated management of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in primary care. Hence, this study aimed to determine the NCD service utilization from an upgraded primary care center and to find the reasons for nonutilization.

Materials and Methods:

This community-based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 387 individuals aged 30 years and above in a selected upgraded primary care center. A validated semistructured questionnaire was used. A log-binomial regression was done, and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) were calculated.

Results:

The prevalence of utilization of NCD services from upgraded primary care center was 55.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 50.2–60.3). The screening or treatment service utilization for hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases was reported to be 54% (95% CI 48.9–59.1), 37.5% (95% CI 32.6–42.5), and 7.2% (95% CI 4.9–1.3), respectively. The reasons for the nonutilization of services were preference for the private sector (35.3%), distance to the facility (27.2%), and lack of awareness regarding the amenities at family health centers (11.3%). The younger age (aPR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.29–2.23, P = 0.033), unemployment (aPR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.01–2.10, P = 0.043), and social class (aPR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.16–2.26, P = 0.004) were significantly associated with NCD service nonutilization. The willingness to avail of NCD services among nonutilizers was 46.8% and salaried individuals had a high chance of unwillingness (aPR = 5.01, 95% CI 1.69–14.78, P = 0.003) compared to daily waged workers.

Conclusion:

Nearly half of the participants were not utilized upgraded primary care centers for NCD care. Strengthening outreach services and improving awareness among beneficiaries may improve the utilization in the community.
Use of Abortion Pills as a Family Planning Method among Women Living in Urban Slum of North India – A Mixed-Method Study
Authors: Rani Manju , Bairwa Mohan , Sharma Nitika , Jaswal Nidhi , Kumar Rajesh
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Unsafe abortions account for about 5% maternal deaths in India. A very small proportion of induced abortions takes place at registered facilities, and many women prefer taking abortion pills as a method of contraception. The current study was planned to explore the factors related to use of abortion pills and knowledge about various contraceptives among slum-dwelling women.

Materials and Methods:

A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in the urban slum area catered by a public health dispensary for 2 months among 22 females. Data collection was performed using a semistructured interview schedule for quantitative data, and focused group discussion (FGD) was performed for qualitative data collection. Thematic data analysis was performed for FGD. Themes pertaining to knowledge, ease of use, and source and side effects of abortion pills, knowledge, use, and fears/myths for modern contraceptive methods were identified.

Results:

A total of 35 unwanted pregnancies were reported by 22 women study participants, out of which only three were continued. Most study participants came to know about abortion pills from their neighborhood friends or maternal relatives such as sisters, and 90% of them preferred either chemists or local private practitioners for getting abortion pills. Fears and myths for modern contraceptive methods, their non-regular supply, and easy availability of abortion pills were the main reason for their use.

Conclusion:

The study highlights women’s perspective of using abortion pills over modern contraceptive methods as a method to limit their family size or for spacing and highlights the lack of family planning counseling. Such a situation calls for enhanced counseling services for modern contraceptive methods and health promotion programs to alleviate fears about contraceptive methods.
Prevalence of Noncommunicable Diseases in Urban Slum and Risk Factors Associated with it: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kajal Srivastava , Borgaonkar Chaitali , Ghonge Swati , Rathod Hetal K. , Sujanyal Saurabh Ashok , Akhil R
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

A community-based cross-sectional study was planned in urban slum area of a city to study risk factors of noncommunicable diseases.

Material and Methods:

WHO step protocol was used to assess the risk factors of noncommunicable diseases and data were entered in Google forms. In total, 1168 people participated in the study.

Results:

Eight hundred and forty people opted for random blood sugar test and only 569 people participated in physical examinations. A total of 3.5%, 2.7%, 0.5%, and 0.2% persons were found to be suffering from hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and stroke, respectively. Smoking was found in 3.3% and alcohol in 4.3% individuals. In terms of physical activity, 56.8% males and 45.6% females were found to be physically active. Only 18.9% individuals were found to have blood pressure within normal range. Deranged random blood sugar, that is, >200 mg%, was found in 4.6% persons during time of survey.

Conclusion:

This study concludes increase in rapid industrialization and run for earning daily livelihood, putting people at risk of noncommunicable disease. People are not attentive about their health.
Atypical presentation of hydatid cyst with anchovy sauce liver aspirate
Authors: Ijarotimi Oluwasegun , Raheem Yusuf Abiola , Akinbolaji Akinkuolie Andrew , Adesegun Adetunji Tajudin , Adekanle Olusegun , Adekilekun Tijani Abdulhakeem , John Enesi Ibukunoluwa , Oluwarotimi Adeyemo Adedapo , Segun Oladimeji Emmanuel
Published: May 2024

Background:

Hydatid disease is a zoonotic parasitic infestation caused by cysts containing the larva stages of tapeworm of the genus Echinococcus. Cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis are the two most important forms in humans. CE accounts for 95% of human infection and is usually a clear fluid cystic disease with the liver being the most frequently affected organ. Other organs that could be affected include the lungs, muscles, bone, spleen, heart, and brain.

Case Presentation:

We report a case of a 53-year-old man who presented with 5-week history of cough, 2-week history of abdominal pain, and 1-day history of difficulty with breathing. Examination revealed a middle-aged man in respiratory distress with tender hepatomegaly and features of bilateral pleural effusion. An abdominal ultrasound scan revealed cysts in both lobes of the liver. He also had elevated liver enzymes as well as eosinophilia. The patient could not afford to do a serological test for hydatid cyst. The patient had percutaneous liver aspiration which revealed an anchovy paste aspirate. We initially entertained the possibility of an amoebic liver abscess for which he had antibiotics for one month without any improvement. We eventually considered hydatid cyst as our diagnosis, and he made a remarkable improvement after the commencement of a therapeutic trial of albendazole. Informed consent was obtained from the patient for this case report.

Conclusion:

Hydatid cysts should be strongly considered as part of the differential diagnosis when in contact with any patient with cystic liver disease irrespective of the color or appearance of the liver aspirate.
Impact of quadruple eradication therapy on the elements of the Sydney system in chronic Helicobacter pylori gastritis in Abidjan (Ivory Coast)
Authors: Stanislas Doffou Adjéka , Assi Constant , Illa Hamidine , Ndjitoyap Ndam Antonin Wilson , Demba Bangoura Aboubacar , Luc Nigue , Alain Attia Koffi
Published: May 2024

Background:

The effect of eradicating Helicobacter pylori on the course of chronic gastritis (CG) is controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of H. pylori eradication treatment on CG.

Materials and Methods:

This was a retrospective (January 2016 to December 2018) multicenter study. All medical records of patients treated with a quadruple therapy to eradicate H. pylori who were confirmed with histology at least 4 weeks after the end of treatment were included. The evolution of the CG ratings after treatment was analyzed.

Results:

The records of 170 patients (male/female ratio 0.95, average age 49.3 ± 12.2 years) were included. Respectively, inflammation and H. pylori levels decreased (P < 0.001) in antrum (2.09 to 1.45; 1.95 to 0.63) and fundus (1.82 to 1.27; 1.76 to 0.55). Gastric atrophy levels regressed in antrum (0.28 to 0.18; P = 0.0655) and fundus (0.19 to 0.09; P = 0.0096) on sequential quadruple therapy (0.42 to 0.26; P = 0.2384), with bismuth (0.27 to 0.1l8; P = 0.6232) or with concomitant therapy for 14 days (0.20 to 0.13; P = 0.1288). Gastric intestinal metaplasia progressed in the antrum (0.05 to 0.06; P = 0.5930) and the fundus (0.02 to 0.03; P = 0.2568); in sequential quadruple therapy (0.04 to 0.07; P = 0.3173) and in bismuth therapy groups (0.04 to 0.09; P = 0.5637) even after eradication of H. pylori (0.03 to 0.09; P = 0.0455).

Conclusions:

The eradication treatment for H. pylori improved elements of the Sydney CG system except for intestinal metaplasia.
Surgical management of solid pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas in female Nigerians
Authors: Balogun Olanrewaju Samuel , Atoyebi Oluwole Ayoola
Published: May 2024

Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas (SPT) is a rare subtype of pancreatic tumor with a prevalence of 0.13%–2.7%. Most SPTs occur in young females and are slow-growing. The tail of the pancreas is mostly affected. Clinical features are nonspecific. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) is invaluable in the preoperative diagnosis of SPT. Prognosis is good with complete surgical resection.
Perception of Resident Doctors towards Food Labelling: A Descriptive Study from India
Authors: Singh Shalini , Raj Ankit , Rathore Monika
Published: May 2024

Background:

Perception of front-of-package label (FOPL) amongst doctors is crucial to sensitise patients towards healthy eating choices using FOPL. This study was conducted to assess knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of FOPL amongst resident doctors.

Methods:

A descriptive study was carried out on 100 resident doctors at Sawai Man Singh Medical College during the period of September–November 2023. KAP regarding FOPL were assessed using validated questionnaire, scored and categorised as per Bloom’s criteria.

Results:

The study showed a mean KAP score of 8.17 ± 1.95 for the participants, out of maximum score of 15. Participants scored highest in the knowledge (4.07 ± 1.08) and lowest in the practice section (0.90 ± 1.16). Although 99% of respondents were aware about some labelling on packaged food items, only 23% of respondents were aware about FOPL. Majority of the respondents rarely or never read nutrition labels (87%) or compared nutritional content of two similar items before purchasing (89%). Sixty-two per cent of respondents considered nutrition labelling as a guarantee of food safety. ‘Multiple Traffic Light’ was the most preferred FOPL design (43%), followed by ‘Health Star Rating’ (21%).

Conclusion:

There is low awareness of FOPL and a knowledge-behaviour gap amongst the residents. This gap needs to be addressed to ensure better patient counselling for healthy eating choices.
Programmatic and Legal Preparedness of India on Early Childhood Development
Authors: Subrahmanian Prasanth , Singh Shilpa , Kothari Ashutosh
Published: May 2024

Early childhood development (ECD) is the period of rapid and critical development that occurs from conception upto 6 to 8 years of age. During this time, children experience significant growth and changes in all areas of development, including physical, cognitive, linguistic and socio - emotional. A variety of factors can influence ECD, including genetics, environment and health. This presents a unique opportunity to invest in ECD and build a foundation for a prosperous and equitable future for the country. This review looked at the programmatic and legal preparedness of India in taking forward the agenda of ECD. A review of the laws and programs was undertaken to discern this objective. Besides desk review, interviews were conducted with programme officers handling child health at the central and state levels. Based on the direction for action given by the national health and other policies and several statutes, the central government has launched various programmes and schemes under various ministries within the overarching framework provided by the Constitution of India. There are 5 policies, 15 statutes/acts/laws and nearly 40 government schemes and programmes relating to children in India. The activities are majorly coordinated through Ministries of Woman and Child Development, Health and Family Welfare, Ministry of Education, Drinking Water and Sanitation and Tribal Affairs. Despite these efforts, there is still a significant gap between the demand and supply for ECD services.
Operationalising ‘One Health’ through Primary Healthcare Approach
Authors: Mahajan Swati , Khan Zuha , Giri Prajna Paramita , Linda Angel Ivy , Kukreti Aditya , Tondak Navya , Krishnan Nivethitha N. , Lahariya Anita Upadhyay
Published: May 2024

The countries worldwide have recognised the importance of the One Health (OH). This review examines the need and potential for the integration of OH into Primary Health Care (PHC) Approach. One Health through PHC has been implemented in many. Successful initiatives include mobile phone-based surveillance for zoonotic diseases in Kenya, innovative vaccination campaigns in Chad and measures to combat antimicrobial resistance in several nations. Collaboration and partnerships play a pivotal role in overcoming challenges such as resource constraints, policy alignment and limited intersectoral collaboration. The review emphasises integrating OH in primary healthcare so that the healthcare providers can contribute to addressing complex global health challenges and promoting the well-being of individuals, animals and the environment. The sustainable strategies, capacity building, advocacy and technological innovations to effectively implement the OH approach through PHC, ultimately improving health outcomes and ensuring a sustainable planet.
Hilbert direct integrals of monotone operators
Authors: Bùi Minh N. , Combettes Patrick L.
Published: May 2024

Finite Cartesian products of operators play a central role in monotone operator theory and its applications. Extending such products to arbitrary families of operators acting on different Hilbert spaces is an open problem, which we address by introducing the Hilbert direct integral of a family of monotone operators. The properties of this construct are studied, and conditions under which the direct integral inherits the properties of the factor operators are provided. The question of determining whether the Hilbert direct integral of a family of subdifferentials of convex functions is itself a subdifferential leads us to introducing the Hilbert direct integral of a family of functions. We establish explicit expressions for evaluating the Legendre conjugate, subdifferential, recession function, Moreau envelope, and proximity operator of such integrals. Next, we propose a duality framework for monotone inclusion problems involving integrals of linearly composed monotone operators and show its pertinence toward the development of numerical solution methods. Applications to inclusion and variational problems are discussed.
A generalization of Boole’s formula derived from a system of linear equations
Authors: Zhu Haoran
Published: May 2024

We analyze a system of linear algebraic equations whose solutions lead to a proof of a generalization of Boole’s formula. In particular, our approach provides an elementary and short alternative to Katsuura’s proof of this generalization.
DHR bimodules of quasi-local algebras and symmetric quantum cellular automata
Authors: Jones Corey
Published: May 2024

For a net of C*-algebras on a discrete metric space, we introduce a bimodule version of the DHR tensor category and show that it is an invariant of quasi-local algebras under isomorphisms with bounded spread. For abstract spin systems on a lattice

L\subseteq \mathbb{R}^{n}

satisfying a weak version of Haag duality, we construct a braiding on these categories. Applying the general theory to quasi-local algebras

A

of operators on a lattice invariant under a (categorical) symmetry, we obtain a homomorphism from the group of symmetric QCA to

\mathbf{Aut}_{\mathrm{br}}(\mathbf{DHR}(A))

, containing symmetric finite-depth circuits in the kernel. For a spin chain with fusion categorical symmetry

\mathcal{D}

, we show that the DHR category of the quasi-local algebra of symmetric operators is equivalent to the Drinfeld center

\mathcal{Z}(\mathcal{D})

. We use this to show that, for the double spin-flip action

\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}\times \mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}\curvearrowright \mathbb{C}^{2}\otimes \mathbb{C}^{2}

, the group of symmetric QCA modulo symmetric finite-depth circuits in 1D contains a copy of

S_{3}

; hence, it is non-abelian, in contrast to the case with no symmetry.
Politización del discurso de alcaldes de Colombia durante la pandemia del COVID-19 en Twitter
Authors: Barreto-Galeano María Idaly , Rico-Revelo Diana , Velandia-Morales Andrea , Aguilar-Pardo David , Garzón-Velandia Diana Camila , Carvajal-Builes Juan Camilo , Carrillo-Ramírez Alexis , Sabucedo-Cameselle José Manuel
Published: May 2024

Introducción: Frente a situaciones objetivas de amenaza como la pandemia mundial ocasionada por la COVID-19, los mensajes de líderes políticos adquieren un papel fundamental en el sostenimiento del orden social y en la implementación de medidas para afrontar la crisis. Para ello, construyen discursos diferenciados con referentes emocionales e ideológicos que legitiman la gestión de gobierno y configuran una identidad colectiva politizada. Esta investigación analizó el lenguaje utilizado en Twitter (ahora X) de 18 alcaldes de ciudades de Colombia durante la pandemia, con el objetivo de identificar marcos de significado de la realidad amenazante según su orientación política (izquierda-derecha). Metodología: Mediante un estudio longitudinal no experimental, se monitorearon las cuentas durante tres semanas antes y tres después del primer caso de COVID-19 registrado oficialmente en el país. Resultados: Los alcaldes de derecha difundieron principalmente emociones negativas para legitimar la obediencia; mientras que los alcaldes de izquierda combinaron emociones positivas y negativas (ansiedad e ira) para promover el afrontamiento a la situación. Discusión: Los hallazgos reflejan procesos diferenciados de identidad colectiva que se politizan en el contexto sociopolítico de la crisis sanitaria. Conclusiones: Se recomienda continuar la investigación sobre la instrumentalización de marcos cognitivos y emocionales en el contexto político, dado que permite develar estrategias de comunicación que inciden en la opinión pública como marco de referencia para superar situaciones amenazantes a nivel global. Asimismo, el uso de minería de datos avanzada para el estudio de creencias y emociones en tiempo real que se comunica en medios digitales.
Combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma: A clinicopathological update
Authors: Vij Mukul , Veerankutty Fadl H , Rammohan Ashwin , Rela Mohamed
Published: May 2024

Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA) is a rare primary liver cancer associated with an appalling prognosis. The diagnosis and management of this entity have been challenging to physicians, radiologists, surgeons, pathologists, and oncologists alike. The diagnostic and prognostic value of biomarkers such as the immunohistochemical expression of nestin, a progenitor cell marker, have been explored recently. With a better understanding of biology and the clinical course of cHCC-CCA, newer treatment modalities like immune checkpoint inhibitors are being tried to improve the survival of patients with this rare disease. In this review, we give an account of the recent developments in the pathology, diagnostic approach, and management of cHCC-CCA.
“Oyun Gibi” Bir Dünya: VR Sanal Gerçeklik
Authors: Arslan Ayşe Nur
Published: May 2024

Kültür insanla var olur, insan tarafından yaşatılır. Belirli davranış, tutum ve değer yargıları içermesi nedeniyle toplumsaldır. Zaman ve mekân içerisinde kültür ve buna bağlı olarak kültürel ürünler değişir. Yeni kültür ortamları oluşur. Her geçen gün gelişen teknoloji, yeni kültür ortamlarının oluşmasında, geleneksel kültürün değişiminde ve dönüşümünde etkilidir. Kültürün bu değişimi, kültür ürünlerinin icra faaliyetlerine ve mekânlarına dair yeni tespit ve tanımlamaların ortaya çıkmasını sağlamıştır. Yazıda, kültürün bir parçası olan video oyunların, kent merkezinde oynanışı, aktarımı, oynanma mekânları ve bu unsurların teknolojik aletler ile dijitalleşme süreci ele alınmıştır. Geleneksel icra ortamından, sanal bir dünyaya geçen oyunun söz konusu değişimi Eskişehir kent merkezindeki Xperience VR Station sanal gerçeklik oyun salonu merkezinde incelenmiştir. Bahsi geçen oyun salonunun kuruluş amacına, bağlamına, katılımcılarına ve salonda oynanan oyunlara dair veriler katılma, gözlem ve mülakat yöntemleriyle elde edilmiştir. Söz konusu veriler yapısal ve işlevsel açıdan değerlendirilmiştir. Neticede; video oyunların kent merkezinde “oyun salonu” ve “oyun kafe” adlandırılmalarıyla sektörleşmeye başladığı tespit edilmiştir. Katılımcılar ise bu mekânların özellikle eğlenme, eğlendirme ve hoşça vakit geçirme işlevlerini ön plana çıkarmaktadır.
Perempuan Sebagai Agen Perubahan Sosial: Membaca Keluaran 1:8-2:10 Dari Perspektif Hermeneutik Postcolonial Feminis
Authors: Mariance Mariance
Published: May 2024

Tulisan ini hendak membaca Keluaran 1:8-2:10 dari perspektif postcolonial feminist dengan menyoroti peran para perempuan dalam teks tersebut yang memiliki kemampuan sebagai agen perubahan sosial. Ketidakadilan dan diskriminasi yang dialami oleh perempuan telah berlangsung lama karena adanya pengaruh budaya patriarki dan kyriarki yang masih melekat dalam masyarakat. Ketidakadilan dan diskriminasi memberikan dampak negatif terhadap perempuan, yaitu kerugian fisik, ekonomi, psikis dan kemajuan masyarakat secara menyeluruh. Dari hal tersebut ketidakadilan dan diskriminasi yang dialami oleh perempuan perlu dilawan. Salah satu upaya untuk melawannya dengan menunjukkan peran penting perempuan sebagai agen perubahan sosial. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kepustakaan. Dalam membaca Keluaran 1:8-2:10 menggunakan hermeneutic postcolonial feminis  dengan membawa pengalaman-pengalaman perempuan dalam kehidupan saat ini untuk mengeluarkan pesan-pesan dalam teks Alkitab. Para perempuan yang memiliki peran sebagai agen perubahan sosial, yaitu perempuan Lewi, Kakak perempuan dari bayi laki-laki, Sifra, Pua, Putri Firaun dan para dayang-dayangnya. Terdapat tiga hal yang dilakukan oleh para perempuan sebagai agen perubahan sosial: (1) pertarungan dua perempuan melawan penindasan; (2)  keberanian sebagai kunci memperjuangkan hak untuk hidup; (3) penawar ide brilian.
Luehea Willdenow (Malvaceae, Grewioideae, Grewieae) na Amazônia brasileira
Authors: Secco Ricardo De S. , Sousa Julio Santos , Santos Anderson M. , Gurgel Ely S. C. , Santos João U. M.
Published: May 2024

Propõe-se um estudo taxonômico das espécies de Luehea ocorrentes nos estados da Amazônia brasileira. Foram tratadas seis espécies: Luehea candicans, L. cymulosa, L. divaricata, L. grandiflora, L. paniculata e L. speciosa. Novas ocorrências foram registradas nos seguintes estados brasileiros: Maranhão (L. cymulosa); Tocantins (L. divaricata); Acre (L. grandiflora) e Amapá (L. paniculata). Descrições, comentários sobre as afinidades interespecíficas, ilustrações e uma chave de identificação são apresentados.
The Object Play of Young Children on the Autism Spectrum: A Narrative Review of Strengths-Based Literature
Authors: Eva Sharon
Published: May 2024

Purpose: The play in young children with autism has been historically seen as deficits-based, with a focus on the limitations of autistic object play. More recently, there has been a shift towards a strengths-based view of autistic object play, where their play preferences and skills are viewed as vehicles for meaningful engagement and as having potential for learning. The aims of this narrative review are two-fold: to identify themes in the existing literature regarding the object play of young children with autism; and, to summarize the existing literature specifically examining object play in young autistic children from a strengths-based point of view. A neurotypical framework will be utilized to categorize autistic play, under sensorimotor, functional, and pretend play. Methods: The databases CINAHL Complete, APA PsychInfo, Pubmed, and ERIC (ProQuest) were systematically searched from January 2000 to June 2023 with key search terms and search strategies. Peer-reviewed articles with an age range of children with autism six months to nine years old were included. Results: Sensorimotor play is predominant in young children with autism, in both amount of play and type of play. Functional play has more recently been shown to be present in young autistic children, although with sensorimotor properties. There is a clear lack of pretend play in autistic children. In the final screening, 11 studies were included that used strengths-based practice principles in viewing children with autism’s object play. Conclusions: A sensorimotor object play bias is proposed. There is a need for experimental research that uses a strengths-based perspective in examining autistic object play. Future studies should focus on exploring the sensorimotor object play bias through a strengths-based framework.
A Model for Teaching Financial Literacy in a Doctor of Physical Therapy Program Using the Five Stages of Career Development
Authors: Ratoza Madeline , Patel Rupal , Bizama Fabian , Feil F. Scott
Published: May 2024

Purpose: The cost of higher education programs across allied health disciplines have increased substantially in recent years while salaries have remained relatively stagnant. The result of which is an increase in debt burden for graduates of allied health professional programs. One possible intervention to improve the experience of graduates is to improve financial literacy; however, research on the effectiveness of financial literacy education in higher education is scant. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand the effectiveness of a financial literacy and career planning seminar in a Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) program. Specifically, this study aimed to (1) describe the implementation of a novel career planning and financial literacy workshop as an additional component of a required physical therapy administration course in a DPT program, and to (2) understand the outcomes and effectiveness of the model utilized. Methods: This study included a single cohort pre/post design and between subject analysis. DPT students completed a pre- and post-survey before and after attending a 1-hour asynchronous career planning and financial literacy workshop. The survey included questions to capture students’ knowledge and confidence in financial literacy. Results: Overall, 80 DPT students completed the pre-survey and 54 DPT students completed the post-survey. The group of 55 participants that completed the post-workshop knowledge portion of the survey (M=87%, SD 220.72) demonstrated significantly better knowledge scores t(124) = 7.44, p < .05 compared to the group of 77 participants that completed the pre-workshop knowledge portion of the survey (M = 67%, SD 282.31). The group of 53 participants that completed the post-workshop confidence portion of the survey (M=35.79%, SD 27.09) demonstrated significantly improved confidence on the post-workshop survey t(130) = 2.75, p < .05 compared to the group of 79 participants that completed the pre-workshop confidence portion of the survey (M = 32.62, SD 64.57). Conclusion: A 1-hour workshop can be effective at improving knowledge and confidence in financial literacy of DPT students, and it can be implemented in existing DPT curricula without considerable time or added credit hours.
Beyond Milestones Online Education Resource for Allied Health Professionals
Authors: Hughes Sonia , Blayden Carmel , Nicol Jennifer , Sims Susan
Published: May 2024

Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate the observed impact of Beyond Milestones online education resource in developing allied health professionals’ knowledge of normal child development and skills in observational assessment. It also aimed to identify the usefulness of the resource and necessary modifications for potential application with allied health professionals working for New South Wales (NSW) Health. While the effectiveness of the resource with medical clinicians has been demonstrated, no evidence was identified regarding the usefulness with allied health professionals. Methods: The study used a crossover repeated measures design to determine the observed impact of Beyond Milestones on developing the knowledge and skills of participating allied health professionals. Quantitative data was analysed manually. Mean differences between the study groups were compared using independent sample t-tests. A significance level of pResults: A total of 30 participants representing Dietetics, Occupational Therapy, Physiotherapy, Psychology, Speech Pathology and Social Work completed all components of the study. Quantitative results indicated that Beyond Milestones was an online resource that provided an effective learning opportunity. The qualitative evaluation identified perceived improvements to the Beyond Milestones online module. Overall, forty one percent (n=12) of respondents identified that Beyond Milestones is adequate as a standalone online resource with 59% (n=17) identifying that there would be benefit to it being part of a broader education program. Conclusions: Although allied health participants demonstrated a significant improvement in performance on allocated observational assessment tasks, this was not attributable to completion of the Beyond Milestones teaching modules. Despite this, study participants perceived the online resource to be an effective learning opportunity. The recommendations regarding modification of the Beyond Milestones resource require consideration and evaluation prior to broader application. Further research regarding the usefulness of this model of educational practice is warranted.
SELF-DYED SILK BY FEEDING SILKWORMS WITH COLOURED MULBERRY LEAVES – APPROACHING SUSTAINABLE SILK TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY
Authors:   Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, TRAN NGUYEN TU UYEN , DONG KHA VY ,   Ho Chi Minh University of Technology, HONG PHUC NGUYEN ,   Ho Chi Minh University of Technology, THANH THAO HOANG ,   Ha Noi University of Science and Technology, BUI MAI HUONG ,   Ho Chi Minh University of Technology
Published: May 2024

Mulberry silk is one of the highest quality fibres with outstanding properties. Its traditional colouring process is dying. This study investigated a novel method called “self-dyedˮ, where silkworms were fed with coloured mulberry leaves on the first, third, and fourth day of the fifth instar of the life cycle. The Rhodamine B dyestuff with different concentrations was applied during feeding. There was a significant difference in mortality rate, spinning, reeling processes, and colour intensity of newly fed silkworms. The silk colour was evaluated by CIE Lab colour measurement and microscope. The colour intensity also depends on dyestuffs concentrations, silkworm breed, and feeding time. This dyeing method is the premise for developing and building an environmentally friendly dyeing process for silk. It also minimizes the traditional dyeing process's water and wastewater costs. In addition, this study shares advanced knowledge and practices in the sustainable development of the textile industry.