bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nuclear Morphometry as an Adjunct to Cytomorphology in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Lesions
Authors: Khan Sabina , Hameed Sayika , Hasan Mohd Jaseem , Husain Musharraf , Sharma Arun
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a reliable and reproducible diagnostic technique for thyroid lesions. Recently, it has been suggested that evaluation of nuclear features may enhance the diagnostic utility of FNAC. However, the evaluation of nuclear morphometry is not well established in thyroid cytology. Aim: To evaluate the role of nuclear morphometry in cytological evaluation of thyroid lesions. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted over a period from March 2019-February 2020 at Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India. Morphometry was done on 40 cases of thyroid aspirates which had histopathological concordance. Computerised nuclear morphometry was done by using photographs captured under Motic photomicrography system. Six parameters were measured- nuclear area, nuclear perimeter, minimal nuclear diameter, maximal nuclear diameter, nuclear compactness and LS ratio (Largest to Smallest dimension ratio). Data were entered in spreadsheet and then analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results: Out of total 40 thyroid aspirates studied, included non neoplastic (19 cases), benign (12 cases) and malignant lesions (9 cases). All nuclear morphometry parameters comprising of nuclear area, nuclear perimeter, minimal nuclear diameter, maximal nuclear diameter showed an increasing trend from non neoplastic to benign to malignant with a statistically significant difference between benign and malignant groups (p-values <0.05) except for LS ratio and nuclear compactness. Conclusion: Nuclear morphometry can aid in cytological diagnosis of thyroid lesions. If used judiciously, quantitative estimation of cytological nuclear features can be helpful in assessing thyroid lesions preoperatively thus complementing its cytomorphological features.
A New Inequality with Its Application in Solving a Problem of Inequalities
Authors: Guo Yuanjie , Zhu Kongfeng
Published: December 2021

This article first puts forwards and proves a new inequality, then use the inequality to solve a problem related with a series of inequalities. Detail mathematical reasoning and proofs are presented. The results are valuable to learn and research inequalities.
Numerical Study of Variable Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity on Natural Convection Flow along a Vertical Flat Plate with Pressure Work and Heat Conduction
Authors: Munira Sirazum , Sarker Sree Pradip Kumer , Alam Md. M. , Islam Minhazul
Published: December 2021

A heated vertical flat plate in the presence of heat generation is an extremely significant technological issue, and many academics have studied this sort of problem. A vertical plate submerged in a fluid with varying viscosity will be used in this research to investigate the effects of variable viscosity and thermal conductivity on heat generation free convection flow. The boundary layer equations in this section are two-dimensional, laminar, and unstable. The fundamental governing equations are turned into non-dimensional governing equations by using the necessary variables. Using the Crank-Nicolson implicit finite-difference technique, these equations are solved numerically. Viscosity and thermal conductivity are temperature-dependent properties of a viscous, incompressible fluid. Variations in the study's numerous parameters will reveal and compare the velocities, temperatures, local skin friction, and local heat transfer co-efficient profiles. There will be a comparison between the current numerical data and previously reported data findings. Besides that, we'll compare our current work numbers to those of past released publications. Graphs and tables will be used to display the findings for a variety of key physical characteristics.
Classification of Cotton Leaf Diseases Using AlexNet and Machine Learning Models
Authors: Borugadda Premkumar , Lakshmi R. , Govindu Surla
Published: December 2021

Computer vision has been demonstrated as state-of-the-art technology in precision agriculture in recent years. In this paper, an Alex net model was implemented to identify and classify cotton leaf diseases. Cotton Dataset consists of 2275 images, in which 1952 images were used for training and 324 images were used for validation. Five convolutional layers of the AlexNet deep learning technique is applied for features extraction from raw data. They were remaining three fully connected layers of AlexNet and machine learning classification algorithms such as Ada Boost Classifier (ABC), Decision Tree Classifier (DTC), Gradient Boosting Classifier (GBC). K Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest Classifier (RFC), and Support Vector Classifier (SVC) are used for classification. Three fully connected layers of Alex Net provided the best performance model with a 94.92% F1_score at the training time of about 51min.
Response of Quality Attributes of Banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) cv. Williumto Post Shooting Spray and Bunch Covering Material
Authors: Paradva D. R. , Patel M. J. , Kacha H. L.
Published: December 2021

Aims: To study the post harvest shooting namely; control, humic acid 2%, 2, 4-D 30 mg/l, gibberellic acid (GA3) 100 mg/l, CPPU 4 mg/l and sulphate of potash (SOP) 2% and covering materials viz., non- woven material bag and blue colour polyethylene sleeve (6% perforated) bag on bunch of banana cv. Willium

Study Design: Experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (Factorial) with three repetitions.

Place and Duration of Study: Experiment was carried out at the Horticultural Research Farm,Department of Horticulture, B. A. College of Agriculture,  AAU, Anand during the year 2017-18 and 2018-19

Methodology: The experimental plot was prepared by deep ploughing, harrowing and levelling. The pits of 30 x 30 x 30 cm were dug out at a spacing of 1.8 x 1.8 m2 and well decomposed fine textured Farm Yard Manure (FYM) at the rate of 10 kg per pit was applied at planting. Well hardened, healthy, uniform tissue cultured tissue culture plants of willium banana having 5-6 leaves were used for planting. Post shooting sprays were given twice i.e. 1st spray after complete opening of inflorescence and 2nd spray after 30 days of first spray with covering the bunch immediately after second spray.The fruits which were used for recording the weight loss during ripening, were used to calculating pulp: peel ratio. Pulp to peel ratio was calculated by dividing respective pulp weight by respective peel weight. The TSS value of the fruit was recorded by using hand refractometer having range of 0-32 ⁰Brix. Acidity (%) was calculated by the method described by Rangana (1977) was adopted for estimation of titrable acidity.

Results: The results revealed that the banana bunches sprayingof CPPU 4 mg/lwith bunch covering with non woven materials were recorded significantly lower physiological loss in weight (12.80, 13.60 and 13.20%) and (13.26, 14.14 and 13.70%), respectively. Whereas, post shooting spray of SOP 2% with non-woven material bag coveringwere recorded significantly maximum TSS (21.42, 21.05 and 21.17 ºBrix; 21.39, 20.93 and 21.16 ºBrix), reducing sugar (12.55, 12.34 and 12.45%; 12.21, 12.16 and 12.18%) and total sugar (21.42, 20.82 and 21.12%; 20.84, 20.50 and 20.67%) as compared to rest of the treatments of post shooting sprays and bunch covering materials on banana quality.

Conclusion: From the two years of field study, it can be concluded that the post shooting spraying of CPPU 4 mg/l and SOP 2% with non woven bunch covering bags were improve fruit quality of banana.
Biochemical Analysis Based on Zinc Uptake of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties Infected by Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Pradhan Pranaya , Nayak Dhirendra Kumar , Mahapatra Manaswini
Published: December 2021

The significant constraints in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production hampers a bit more than 14% global yield loss due to plant-parasitic nematodes. Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne sp.) is an endoparasite and a significant species affecting the chickpea plant. So, the chemical basis of management is more cost-effective, and pest resurgence building is enhanced in the pathogen. So, ecological-based nematode management is requisite, which also is got hampered due to breeding for resistance against such plant-parasitic nematodes. This was the primary reason to conduct this experiment to enhance resistance in the chickpea plants based on Zinc uptake by using bioagent, Pseudomonas fluorescens alone or in combination. where Different treatments including nematode, bacterium, and chemicals were used sustaining the enhancement of disease resistance in chickpea cultivars, RSG 974, GG 5, GNG 2144. Zinc content of chickpea variety GNG 2144 was found the highest in treatment, when only bacterium (P. fluorescens) was inoculated, i.e., 3.14 mg/100g of root followed by GG 5, i.e., 2.79 mg/100g of root and RSG 974 was, i.e., 2.35 mg/100g of root respectively in a descending order. Application of P. fluorescence combined or alone gradually increased the Zn concentration in roots of chickpea plants compared to healthy check followed by chemical treated plants.
Modelling Neonatal Mortality Rate in Nigeria Using a Continuous Poisson-Lindley Distribution
Authors: Onwuka Gerald Ikechukwu , Asongo Abraham Iorkaa , Bako Ishako Ara , Ortese Collins Aondona , Allahde Hassan
Published: December 2021

Nigeria’s effort to reduce under-five mortality has been biased in favour of childhood mortality to the neglect of neonates and as such the literature is short of adequate information on the determinants of neonatal mortality, whereas studies have shown that about half of infant deaths occur in the neonatal period. Knowledge of the determinants of neonatal mortality is essential for the design of intervention programmes that will enhance neonatal survival. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the trends in neonatal mortality in Nigeria. It also proposed a Poisson based continuous probability distribution called Poisson-Lindley distribution to neonatal mortality rate in Nigeria. Some properties of the new model and other relevant measures were obtained. The unknown parameters of the model were also estimated using the method of maximum likelihood. The fitness of the proposed model to the neonatal mortality rate was considered using a dataset on neonatal mortality rate from 1967 to 2019.
Pattern and Outcome of Paediatric Surgeries: A Private Paediatric Hospital Experience in Southern Nigeria
Authors: West Boma Awoala , Aitafo Josephine Enekole
Published: December 2021

Aim: This study was undertaken to determine the pattern and outcome of paediatric surgeries in a private hospital in Southern Nigeria.

Study Design: A retrospective study

Place and Duration of Study: Study was carried out at a private paediatric hospital over a 14-months period from 1st April 2020–31st May 2021.

Methodology: Essential information needed were retrieved from the hospital Health Management System and data analysed using SPSS version 23.

Results: Of 1289 children admitted during the study period, 105 had surgical interventions (prevalence of 8.1%). Age range was from 8 days to 16 years (median age of 36months) with male predominance. Only 34.3% of the patients were self-paying. The most common surgical conditions were congenital anomalies (28.1%), followed by surgical infections (22.8%) and then urogenital diseases (19.3%). The least common were central nervous system diseases (0.9%). Emergencies accounted for 39.8% of cases done. The commonest surgeries done were circumcision (16.8%), appendicectomy (15.9%) and herniotomy/herniorraphy (14.2%). One child died (mortality rate of 1%). Duration of stay was mostly < 3days (41.7%). Longest duration was seen in those who had Laparotomy and Skin graft.

Conclusion: The prevalence of surgical interventions in a paediatric private hospital in Southern Nigeria was high with emergency surgeries constituting 38.9% of all cases. Thus, for reduction in paediatric morbidity and mortality, we advocate the improvement of surgical infrastructure and manpower not only in tertiary but also in the private health sector.
The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Giardia duodenalis Infection in Cats in Mexico
Authors: Núñez Camilo Romero , Contreras Laura Miranda , Cardenas Rafael Heredia
Published: December 2021

Aims: Giardia duodenalis is a globally distributed zoonotic protozoan. It has a variable prevalence. This study determines the prevalence of Giardia spp. in cat faecal samples from states of the Mexican Republic.

Place and Duration of Study: Was carried out in 23 of the 32 states of the Mexican Republic, from June to December 2019.

 Methodology: Stool samples from 1591 client-owned cats were analysed for the detection of G. duodenalis (cysts or trophozoites). Faecal samples were analysed by direct smear techniques with and without staining (Lugol) and centrifugal floatation (faust), and were examined under a light microscope. 

Results: Of the cats sampled, 56.94% were positive for G. duodenalis. Its prevalence was associated and is a risk factor in cats that live with other animals (Chi2= 21.84, p= 0.0001; OR= 1.61, p= 0.0001), with hunting habits (Chi2= 5.53 p= 0.01, OR= 1.27 p= 0.01), with access to the outside (Chi2= 53.06, p= 0.0001; OR= 2.13, p=0.0001) and with the aqueous faeces (Chi2= 12.30, p=0.03; Chi2= 1.71, p= 0.03). Factors for not presenting Giardia spp. in faeces were, not brushing the cat (OR=0.74, p= 0.006), provenance (OR= 0.42, p=0.02), and median height (OR= 0.78, p= 0.01). Age, gender, hair type, coexistence with other cats and other stool findings were not associated as risk factors for infection.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated a high overall prevalence of G. duodenalis in cats in Mexico, in addition to an association of its prevalence with risk factors such as cats living with other animals, hunting habits and access to outdoors.
Development of the Composition, Technology and Study of the Effectiveness of Drops for Oral Administration "Ascorbicdrop"
Authors: Uktamov B. , Rizaeva N. M. , Mirzakamalova D. S. , Sharipova I. Sh.
Published: December 2021

For normal life, many different substances are needed, among which vitamins play an important role. Everyone knows that the word "vitamin" comes from the Latin "vita" - life. This name is not accidental at all [1].

Vitamins are low molecular weight organic compounds, very small amounts of which are required for the implementation of various metabolic processes in the body. Most vitamins are indispensable because are not synthesized in the human body. In their natural state, they can be found in very small quantities in all foods of organic origin [1,2].

Insufficient intake of vitamins from food is a global problem, and not seasonal, as it is mistakenly believed. For a number of reasons, a modern person cannot get them in the right amount with food. Inadequate nutrition, physical inactivity lead to metabolic disorders in the body and increase the risk of developing serious diseases [3,4,5,6].

One of the main problems faced by drug manufacturers is sometimes a short shelf life. In order to preserve the pharmacological properties of drugs, they add preservatives to them or place them in a vacuum package. To date, the most effective way to solve this problem is to use a modified atmosphere with nitrogen.

The stability of solutions of easily oxidizable substances increases significantly if they are filled in an inert gas environment, for example, carbon dioxide, nitrogen or argon. This filling allows you to remove oxygen, this oxidizing agent that destroys unstable substances. The following factors influence the reduction of shelf life:

oxidative processes,

development of molds,

reproduction of microorganisms.

All oxidative processes in the packaging of a medicinal product occur under the influence of oxygen. As a result of this reaction, medications deteriorate. With the help of a pure nitrogen environment, it is possible to reduce the O2 content to a minimum level [7].
Prednisolone Loaded Tamarind Gum Microspheres for Colonic Delivery
Authors: Kunjwani Harish K. , Sakarkar Dinesh M.
Published: December 2021

The aim of this work was to formulate a novel multiparticulate system having pH sensitive property and specific enzyme biodegradability for colon specific drug delivery of Prednisolone (PD). Natural polysaccharide, Tamarind gum is used for microsphere preparation and Eudratit S- 100 for coating to provide pH controlled drug release. The formulation aims at minimal degradation and optimum delivery of the drug with relatively higher local concentration, which may provide more effective therapy for inflammatory bowel disease including Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis. Tamarind gum microspheres were prepared by emulsion dehydration technique using polymer in ratio of 1:1 to 1: 9. These microspheres were coated with Eudragit S-100 by oil in oil solvent evaporation method using core: coat ration (5:1). Tamarind gum microspheres and Eudragit coated tamarind gum microspheres were evaluated for surface morphology, particle size and size distribution, percentage drug entrapment, surface accumulation studies, in vitro drug release in simulated gastrointestinal fluids. The effect of various formulation variables were studied the prepared microspheres were spherical in shape in the size range of 64 µm to 113 µm, the encapsulation efficiency was in range of 30-72% depending upon the concentration of gum. The drug release was about 14-20% in first four hours of study gradually rises in 5th hour and 85% drug release occurs in 10-12% hr thus showing desirable drug release in the colonic simulated environment. PD tamarind gum microspheres are thought to have the potential to maintain drug concentration within target ranges for a long time, decreasing the side effects caused by concentration fluctuation, ensuring the efficiency of treatment and improving patient compliance by reducing dosing frequency. The animal study done using acetic acid induced colitis model on rats also suggest the anti inflammatory activity of the formulation.
Relationship between Skeletal Maturity, BMI Percentile and Dental Caries Experience among Taster and Non-taster Children
Authors: Kulkarni Vinaya Kumar , Gavade Shradhda S. , Padmawar Neeta , Shetty Shridhar , Joshi Sourabh
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Ability of an individual to taste phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) substance divides the population in tasters and non-tasters. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the taste ability for PTC substance with BMI percentile, skeletal maturity and dental caries experience within taster and non-taster children of age 8-12 years.

Hypotheses: Tasting ability for PTC affects the BMI percentile, skeletal maturity and dental caries experience and emerge as a useful caries risk assessment tool.

Evaluation of Hypotheses (Materials and Method):  One hundred children of 8-12 years were randomly selected and their taste perception was assessed using PTC sensitivity test. Radiovisiography (RVG) of middle phalanx was obtained to determine the skeletal maturity by using Rajgopal and Kansal modification 2005. Anthropometric measurements were recorded to obtain BMI value and then BMI percentile was calculated using CDC Pediatric growth charts. For dental caries assessment, deft/DMFT scores were recorded.

Results: The non-tasters had early skeletal maturation, higher caries experience and higher BMI percentile than the tasters.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: PTC Sensitivity is a genetically controlled trait showing strong association with dental caries. From the results of this study we can conclude that the genetic ability of tasting PTC affects the BMI percentile, skeletal maturity and dental caries experience. Thus it can emerge as a useful caries risk assessment tool helping in planning the preventive measures and interceptive orthodontics in children.
Prevalence and Pattern of Psychoactive Substance use among Senior Secondary School Students in Community Secondary School, Umuna, Orlu L.G.A
Authors: Vincent C. C. N. , Obeagu Emanuel Ifeanyi , Agu Ifeyinwa Stephina , Onyekachi-Chigbu Agnes Chinyere
Published: December 2021

Psychoactive substance use among Secondary School Students has become an increasing public health problem in many countries. This study assessed the prevalence and patterns of psychoactive substance use among senior secondary school students of community secondary school, Umuna. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study in which a sample size of 231 students was selected using simple random sampling technique. The instrument for data collection was questionnaire and data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and presented using tables. The study revealed that alcohol and tobacco were the most commonly abused substance. It also revealed that more than half (51.1%) of the respondents use substance on a daily basis and smoking and sniffing were the most common patterns used. Factors influencing substance use included; peer group pressure and family background. There is a psychoactive substance. It was recommended that Government should ensure the enforcement of anti-psychoactive substance laws and health workers should be trained on how to identify addicts, prevent, and treat victims of drug abuse.
Comparitive Study of Formulated Herbal Mosquito Repellent Incense Sticks with Market Product
Authors: Valarmathi S. , Kumar M. Senthil , Chithra . , Coralinanisha . , Prabhu Antony nelson , Shibin Aloysius , Abzal .
Published: December 2021

The mosquito repellent formulations that are available on the market are causing irritations like coughing, sneezing, allergic reactions and respiratory disorders to human.The mosquito repellents available in the market are in various forms like colis,mats,sprays and fast cards. So the present study was carried out to formulate mosquito repellent incense sticks using herbals like Vitex negundo, Neem, Holy basil, and Garlic. The poly herbal mosquito repellent formulation are made by hand rolling method.The solid formulation containing binders and additives are rolled in the form of incense sticks and dried for 24 hrs. After drying its evaluated and compared with the market formulation. The prepared herbal mosquito incense sticks are potent, safe with more duration of time and less cost.
Effectiveness of Intradialytic Stretching Exercises on Muscle Cramps among Patients Undergoing Haemodialysis in a Selected Tertiary Care Hospital Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Anbu K. , Rathiga A.
Published: December 2021

Background: Chronic kidney disease is the vital and non-communicable disease epidemic that affects the world population including India. Muscle cramps are a common complication of haemodialysis treatments and they often result in the early termination of the session, it is an important priority to provide timely intervention to improve their muscle cramps of haemodialysis patients.

Materials and Methods: The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of intradialytic stretching exercises on muscle cramps among patients on haemodialysis. Time series quasi experimental design was conducted in dialysis unit of Chettinad Super Specialty Hospital, Kelambakkam at Chengalpet District, Tamil Nadu, India.Total sample of 138 belong to 30 to 60 years were selected with the use of purposive sampling technique as per the statistical calculation and equally allocated to control 69 samples and to Study group 69.  The structured questionnaire are demographic, Clinical variables & Modified cramps questionnaire chart was used to assess the effectiveness of intradialytic stretching exercises on level of muscle cramps.

Results: The study findings concluded that in pre test 41(59.4 %) of the patients in study group and 38(55.1 %) of the patients in control group had mild muscle cramps whereas in post test 4(5.8 %) of the patients in study group had severe muscle cramps and 16 (23.2 %) of the patients in control group had severe muscle cramps. While comparing the post test mean value of control group 2.652±0.854 the study group mean value was 2.101±0.769 was significantly reduced with‘t’ value of 10.185 at p ≤ 0.000. Therefore the Research hypothesis H1 was retained. Hence there was no significant association between the test scores on intensity of muscle cramps among patients undergoing haemodialysis with selected demographic and clinical variables of group 2 (study) at P ≤ 0.000 level. Therefore the Research hypothesis H2 was rejected.The majority finding of the study results that in pre test 32 (46.4 %) of the patients were in mild muscle cramps in post test 1.More than half of the patients 30 (43.5 %) of moderate muscle cramps in post test 2. And majority 40 (58 %) of the patients in moderate muscle cramps in post test 3.The effect of intradialytic stretching exercises in reducing the level of muscle cramps during haemodialysis.

Conclusion: Intradialytic stretching exercises is an effective method which can be used as a preventive therapy in the treatment of muscle cramps.
Populus trichocarpa (Black Cottonwood) As a Model for Plant Genomic Studies: A Review
Authors: Kaur Navjit , Bhandari Divya Dhawal
Published: December 2021

Numerous plants have been the subject of recent research in the pharmacological, cosmetic, and agro-alimentary domains due to their chemical composition and multiple therapeutic capabilities. Populus trichocarpa is one of the most common trees found in deciduous forests (Salicaceae family). The current study examines Populus trichocarpa as a model plant for plant genomics research, as well as the most recent findings on phytochemical composition and medicinal potential. More than 45,000 potential protein-coding genes were discovered. In the Populus genome, a whole-genome duplication event was discovered, with approximately 8,000 pairs of duplicated genes surviving. Furthermore, the reproductive biology of Populus provides new opportunities and challenges in the study and analysis of natural genetic and phenotypic variation. In the present review, we endeavour to describe and compile the available knowledge on Populus trichocarpa as a model plant for genomic investigations and to bring that material up to date of Populus trichocarpa's phytochemical and medicinal properties.
Design and Modelling of a Cooling Unit by Adsorption Geothermal Heat Pump in a Tropical Climate Zones
Authors: El-Maktoume Djanfar , Chesneau Xavier , . Abdoulaye , . Diallo , Souleymane Sinon , Randriamanantany Zely Arivelo
Published: December 2021

This work is a contribution of a modelling of air conditioner by adsorption for a habitat in a tropical climate. The system mainly consists of a captor adsorber powered by a geothermal pump, a condenser and an evaporator. We use the zeolite/methanol couple and the different thresholds temperatures to define the thermodynamic system cycle. Moreover, we use a methodology based on nodal approach to establish heat and mass transfer equations. Dubinin-Astakhov thermodynamic model is employed to express the mass adsorbed, the coefficient of performance (COP) and the cold production. We make use of the climatic data in Comoros for 2009-2019 period to obtain the ambient temperature. The model validation is done by comparing the shape of the cycle we obtain with the state of the art. First, the results show a relationship between temperature, pressure and adsorbed mass. The increase in temperature is accompanied by an increase of pressure and an increase of adsorbed mass, and in the same way a decrease in the temperature causes a decrease of the pressure as well as a decrease of adsorbed mass. The mixture zeolite/methanol reaches 356K at the regeneration temperature with an input water temperature of 363K. We observed the influence of main important parameters on the mixture temperature such as fluid input temperature, fluid velocity or zeolite thermal conductivity. Finally, we show the thresholds temperatures influence on the COP and the cold production at evaporator.
Operation strategy for engineered natural ventilation using machine learning under sparse data conditions
Authors: Hiyama Kyosuke , Takeuchi Kenichiro , Omodaka Yuichi , Srisamranrungruang Thanyalak
Published: December 2021

Machine learning (ML) is a useful technique for improving building operations. However, if data can only be obtained from a target building, the data shortage will limit the use of general ML models. To overcome this issue, simplified targets and limited numbers of feature variables are required. In building engineering, building physics can be used to promote ML implementations. In this paper, a case study targeting the operation of engineered natural ventilation is performed based on energy simulations. The target issue is simplified to select the preferable opening pattern, full or half open, throughout the day. Two models using two or three feature variable types are compared. The ML method can effectively predict the correct operation scheme, even in the first year of use. The correct answer rate in the case of three variable types increases from 83% to 95% in the second year, although no significant improvement is observed in the case with two variable types. The results imply the strategy of creating a simplified model first and improving the model following data acquisition works for ML model implementation in building operations.
A Programmable Dual‐Regime Spray for Large‐Scale and Custom‐Designed Electronic Textiles
Authors: Chang Taehoo , Akin Semih , Kim Min Ku , Murray Laura , Kim Bongjoong , Cho Seungse , Huh Sena , Teke Sengul , Couetil Laurent , Jun Martin Byung‐Guk , Lee Chi Hwan
Published: December 2021

Increasing demand for wearable healthcare synergistically advances the field of electronic textiles, or e‐textiles, allowing for ambulatory monitoring of vital health signals. Despite great promise, the pragmatic deployment of e‐textiles in clinical practice remains challenged due to the lack of a method in producing custom‐designed e‐textiles at high spatial resolution across a large area. To this end, a programmable dual‐regime spray that enables the direct custom writing of functional nanoparticles into arbitrary fabrics at sub‐millimeter resolution over meter scale is employed. The resulting e‐textiles retain the intrinsic fabric properties in terms of mechanical flexibility, water‐vapor permeability, and comfort against multiple uses and laundry cycles. The e‐textiles tightly fit various body sizes and shapes to support the high‐fidelity recording of physiological and electrophysiological signals on the skin under ambulatory conditions. Pilot field tests in a remote health‐monitoring setting with a large animal, such as a horse, demonstrate the scalability and utility of the e‐textiles beyond conventional devices. This approach will be suitable for the rapid prototyping of custom e‐textiles tailored to meet various clinical needs.
A PF6−‐Permselective Polymer Electrolyte with Anion Solvation Regulation Enabling Long‐Cycle Dual‐Ion Battery
Authors: Jiang Hongzhu , Han Xiaoqi , Du Xiaofan , Chen Zheng , Lu Chenglong , Li Xintong , Zhang Huanrui , Zhao Jingwen , Han Pengxian , Cui Guanglei
Published: December 2021

Graphitic carbon that allows reversible anion (de)intercalation is a promising cathode material for cost‐efficient and high‐voltage dual‐ion batteries (DIBs). However, one notorious but overlooked issue is the incomplete interfacial anion desolvation, which not only reduces the oxidative stability of electrolytes, but also results in solvent co‐intercalation into graphite layers. Here, an “anion‐permselective” polymer electrolyte with abundant cationic quaternary ammonium motif is developed to weaken the PF6−–solvent interaction and thus facilitates PF6− desolvation. This strategy significantly inhibits solvent co‐intercalation as well as enhances the oxidation resistance of electrolyte, ensuring the structural integrity of graphite. As a result, the as‐assembled graphite||Li cell achieves a superior cyclability with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.0% (vs 95.7% for baseline electrolyte) and 87.1% capacity retention after 2000 cycles even at a high cutoff potential of 5.4 V versus Li+/Li. Besides, this polymer also forms a robust cathode electrolyte interface, working together to enable a long‐life DIB. This strategy of tuning anion coordination environment provides a promising solution to regulate solvent co‐intercalation chemistry for DIBs.
Color Discrimination in Color Vision Deficiency: Photon‐Assisted Piezoelectric IGZO Color‐Tactile Sensors with P(VDF‐TrFE)/Metal‐Decorated TiO2‐Nanofibers Nanocomposites
Authors: Jiang Yi‐Pei , Wu Ming‐Chung , Lin Ting‐Han , Chang Yin‐Hsuan , Wang Jer‐Chyi
Published: December 2021

According to the Colour Blind Awareness organization's report, color vision deficiency, including color blindness and partial tritanopia, affects ≈300 million people worldwide. However, those affected can only improve their color vision deficiency by color light training and stimulation therapies or through contact lenses to correct vision with limited effectiveness. Herein, the photon‐assisted piezoelectric indium–gallium–zinc oxide (IGZO) color‐tactile sensors coated with poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE)) copolymers blended with metal‐decorated TiO2‐nanofibers (NFs) have been investigated to boost the piezoelectric response at tunable wavelengths of light. Prior to the device fabrication, material analysis is performed to confirm the blending of metal‐decorated TiO2‐NFs in P(VDF‐TrFE) copolymers and the absorption of the three primary colors of light. By optimizing the blending percentage, the ferroelectric behaviors of the nanocomposites are significantly improved owing to the enhanced crystallinity of the β‐phase. With the illumination of red, green, and blue lights, the photons are effectively absorbed by Ag‐, Au‐, and Y‐decorated TiO2‐NFs, respectively. These absorptions generate electron–hole pairs via localized surface plasmon resonance for the enhanced piezoelectric response of IGZO color‐tactile sensors, allowing people with deficient color vision to perceive different light colors by a touch motion.
Identifying an Alternative Hydride Transfer Pathway for CO2 Reduction on CdTe(111) and CuInS2(112) Surfaces
Authors: Li Lesheng , Martirez John Mark P. , Carter Emily A.
Published: December 2021

To ascertain if CdTe(111) and CuInS2(112) photoelectrodes exhibit the same carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction mechanism as found for GaP, with adsorbed 2‐pyridinide (2‐PyH–*) as active intermediate, the feasibility of 2‐PyH–* formation on these surfaces must be assessed. Via density functional theory, we conclude that although thermodynamically possible, 2‐PyH−* formation on CdTe(111) or CuInS2(112) is hindered kinetically. A different CO2 reduction pathway, distinct from GaP's mechanism, must be operative. We predict that surface hydride (H−*) readily forms on CdTe(111) and CuInS2(112) and direct surface hydride transfer (HT) to CO2 dominates over transfer to adsorbed pyridine (Py*). Direct HT to CO2 has a large thermodynamic driving force and zero activation barrier on both surfaces. This reaction becomes slightly more spontaneous with adjacent Py* on both surfaces, rationalizing experiments where Py slightly enhances CO2 reduction on CdTe and CuInS2. We thus conclude, Py is largely a spectator in CO2 reduction on these electrodes, unlike its key role as hydride shuttle on GaP. HT from H−* to CO2 also competes effectively with hydrogen evolution on these two surfaces, explaining the observed selectivity for CO2 reduction over hydrogen evolution. Finally, formic acid readily adsorbs on CuInS2(112), which may facilitate the observed methanol formation.
Predicting poverty with vegetation index
Authors: Tang Binh , Liu Yanyan , Matteson David S.
Published: December 2021

Accurate and timely predictions of the poverty status of communities in developing countries are critical to policymakers. Previous work has applied convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to high‐resolution satellite imagery to perform community‐level poverty prediction. Although promising, such imagery has limitations in predicting poverty among poor communities. We provide the first evidence that a publicly available, moderate‐resolution vegetation index (the normalized difference vegetation index [NDVI]), can be used with CNNs to produce accurate poverty predictions contemporaneously among poor communities heavily dependent on agriculture. We also show that the NDVI can effectively detect consumption variation over time. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to use remote sensing data to predict future‐period consumption expenditure at the community level.
Growth in Joubert syndrome: Growth curves and physical measurements with correlation to genotype and hepatorenal disease in 170 individuals
Authors: Knoll Jasmine , Altintas Burak , Gahl William A. , Parisi Melissa , Gunay‐Aygun Meral
Published: December 2021

Joubert syndrome (JS) is a genetically heterogenous disorder of nonmotile cilia with a characteristic “molar tooth sign” on axial brain imaging. Clinical features can include developmental delay, kidney failure, liver disease, and retinal dystrophy. Prospective growth and measurement data on 170 individuals with JS were collected, including parental measurements, birth measurements, and serial measures when available. Analysis of growth parameters in the context of hepatorenal disease, genotype, and other features was performed on 100 individuals assessed at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center. Individuals with JS had shorter stature despite normal growth velocity and were shorter than predicted for mid‐parental height. Individuals were lighter in weight, resulting in a normal body mass index (BMI). Head circumference was larger, averaging 1.9 Z‐scores above height. At birth, head circumference was proportional to length. Individuals with variants in CPLANE1 had a larger head circumference compared to other genotypes; individuals with evidence of liver disease had lower weight and BMI; and individuals with polydactyly had shorter height. Here we present growth curves and physical measurements for Joubert syndrome based on the largest collection of individuals with this disorder to aid in clinical management and diagnosis.
Correlates of hormonal modulation in mantled howler monkey males,Alouatta palliata
Authors: Dias Pedro Américo D. , Coyohua‐Fuentes Alejandro , Chavira‐Ramírez David Roberto , Canales‐Espinosa Domingo , Rangel‐Negrín Ariadna
Published: December 2021

Objectives

The study of hormone modulation may offer important insight into the responses of individuals to environmental challenges. Here we studied C‐peptide, thyroid hormone (T3), glucocorticoid (GC), and testosterone (T) metabolites of mantled howler males to assess: 1) correlations among hormones; 2) individual and temporal variation in hormone concentrations; and 3) the influence of ecological, climatic, behavioral, social, and reproductive factors on hormone variation.

Methods

We studied 10 adult males at La Flor de Catemaco (Mexico) from January 2012 to December 2016. We collected information on food availability; ambient temperature; time budgets; male involvement in mating, agonistic interactions, and interactions with extragroup males. We analyzed C‐peptide concentrations in urine samples and T3, GC, and T in fecal samples.

Results

C‐peptide was negatively correlated with other hormones, whereas T3, GC, and T were positively related. Hormonal variation was unrelated to individual or yearly differences. Food availability was positively related to C‐peptide and T3, and negatively related to GC. Involvement in mating was positively related to T3 and T, whereas the rate agonistic interactions was positively related to GC and T. The rate of interactions with extragroup males was positively related to T. When males mated, the increase in C‐peptide and the decrease in GC with increasing food availability were less notable.

Conclusions

Hormonal variation in mantled howler monkey males is generally stable, but it is influenced by several factors. Our results offer a broad picture of the hormonal modulation of mantled howler monkey males in response to diverse challenges.
Accurate Parity Meter Based on Coherent State Measurement
Authors: Xiao Yang , Zheng Ri‐Hua , Liu Yang , Kang Yi‐Hao , Song Jie , Xia Yan
Published: December 2021

Parity meter is the core step of many quantum information works. In this paper, a robust and accurate protocol to construct a parity meter of two artificial atoms coupled to a cavity is proposed. Specifically, when the atomic system is in states with different parities, the cavity will evolve into different states. Then, the parity information of the atomic system can be distinguished by measuring the state of the cavity via the homodyne measurement. In addition, the influence of decoherence (including the cavity decay, the atomic spontaneous emission, and the dephasing) and systematic errors are numerically discussed. The results show that the protocol is robust against these negative factors. Therefore, this protocol may provide helpful perspectives for accurate parity meters.
Preparation, properties, and applications of modified polyurethane foam from persimmon tannin powder
Authors: Shen Yongxian , Zhou Hongjun , Guo Qingbing , Hu Hongchao
Published: December 2021

In this study, the persimmon tannin powder modified polyurethane foam (PTP‐PUF) was synthesized. The morphology of the foam was observed by SEM, the thermodynamic stability and mechanical properties of PTP‐PUF were discussed for application. The effect of persimmon tannin powder content and initial pH on Cu(II) and Pb(II) biosorption on PTP‐PUF was investigated. The adsorption equilibrium data for Cu(II) and Pb(II) fitted the Freundlich model and Langmuir model well, respectively. And the maximum adsorption capacity of PTP‐PUFs for Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions were 96.06 and 112.2 mg/g at pH 5 and 323 K. The kinetic data was tested using pseudo‐first‐order and pseudo‐second‐order models. The results suggested that the pseudo‐second‐order model was the best one to describe the adsorption behavior of Cu(II) (R2 > 0.997) and Pb(II) (R2 > 0.985) onto PTP‐PUF.
Investigation of the chemical changes during the thermal treatment of acrylonitrile‐co‐methyl acrylate‐polymer (polyacrylonitrile‐precursor) focusing on the fate of the methyl acrylate moiety
Authors: Ruhland Klaus , Horny Robert , Wanzel Andrea , Reisach Sebastian , Nizamutdinova Alina , Kirchhain Holger , Rehfuss Ulrich , van Wüllen Leo , Fischer Andreas , Scheliga Felix , Hübner Tobias
Published: December 2021

Seventeen samples of acrylonitrile (AN)‐co‐methyl acrylate (MA)‐polymer (MA content 0–11 mol%) are examined. Several selective isotopic labelings are employed (d1‐MA, d2‐MA, 13CO‐MA, CD3‐MA, d1‐AN, d2‐AN, and 15N‐AN). The thermal treatment under inert atmosphere is investigated to gain insight into the chemical transformation mechanisms concerning the MA sub‐unit. The volatiles are determined by means of evolved gas analysis (EGA) (Fourier transform infrared [FTIR] and GC/MS). Methanol is found for the first time as one decisive volatile stemming from the MA sub‐unit, next to water and carbon dioxide. In addition, methylamines are proven to be formed by reaction of ammonia with the MA sub‐unit, while a similar reaction of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) yielding in acetonitrile could be ruled out. Several volatile compounds could even be quantified. The non‐volatile polymeric material is characterized by means of simultaneous thermal analysis (differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis), in‐situ‐FTIR spectroscopy and sophisticated solid‐state NMR methods. Selected defined model compounds are synthesized and analyzed for comparison. Detailed reaction mechanisms for the thermal transformation are concluded from the results, pointing in particular to the importance of ammonia for all processes as stoichiometric and/or catalytic reagent.
The high thermal stability of white emitting phosphor Mg2Y2Al2Si2O12:Dy3+,Eu3+,La3+/Lu3+ for white light emitting diodes
Authors: Xu Yanmei , Dong Yufei , Tao Chunjing , Li Panlai , Wang Zhijun
Published: December 2021

A series of Mg2Y2Al2Si2O12:Dy3+,Eu3+ was prepared using a solid‐state method, and the phosphor emitted white light by tuning the ratio of Dy3+/Eu3+. The effects of La3+/Lu3+ on the structure and luminescence properties of Mg2Y2Al2Si2O12:Dy3+,Eu3+ were explored. Under the influence of bond length and twist, the luminescence intensity of the materials increased first and then decreased under excitation with ultraviolet light. The lattice distortion of the trivalent cation La3+‐substituted Mg2Y2Al2Si2O12:Dy3+ and Eu3+ phosphors was reduced, the symmetry of polyhedron occupied by the luminescence centre improved, and the thermal stability of the luminescence centre improved to a certain extent. White light emitting diodes (LEDs) were fabricated by combining a 370 nm LED chip and the Mg2Y2Al2Si2O12:Dy3+,Eu3+,La3+ (Mg2Y2Al2Si2O12:Dy3+,Eu3+,Lu3+) phosphor. The results showed that Mg2Y2Al2Si2O12:Dy3+,Eu3+,La3+/Lu3+ may have potential application in the area of white LEDs.
Lipid‐based regulators of immunity
Authors: Johnson Wade T. , Dorn Nicholas C. , Ogbonna Dora A. , Bottini Nunzio , Shah Nisarg J.
Published: December 2021

Lipids constitute a diverse class of molecular regulators with ubiquitous physiological roles in sustaining life. These carbon‐rich compounds are primarily sourced from exogenous sources and may be used directly as structural cellular building blocks or as a substrate for generating signaling mediators to regulate cell behavior. In both of these roles, lipids play a key role in both immune activation and suppression, leading to inflammation and resolution, respectively. The simple yet elegant structural properties of lipids encompassing size, hydrophobicity, and molecular weight enable unique biodistribution profiles that facilitate preferential accumulation in target tissues to modulate relevant immune cell subsets. Thus, the structural and functional properties of lipids can be leveraged to generate new materials as pharmacological agents for potently modulating the immune system. Here, we discuss the properties of three classes of lipids: polyunsaturated fatty acids, short‐chain fatty acids, and lipid adjuvants. We describe their immunoregulatory functions in modulating disease pathogenesis in preclinical models and in human clinical trials. We conclude with an outlook on harnessing the diverse and potent immune modulating properties of lipids for immunoregulation.