bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Der neumodische Liebhaber Damon (1724) Georga Philippa Telemanna: predelava dunajske pastoralne igre v moralno satiro
Authors: Marcaletti Livio
Published: March 2020

oleg tragedij in komedij so po Johannu Matthesonu med operne zvrsti 18. stoletja v Hamburgu sodile tudi satire (»Strafspiel«). Članek prikazuje, kako je Georg Philipp Telemann italijansko pastoralno opero I satiri in Arcadia (Dunaj 1714) preoblikoval v »Strafspiel« Damon (Hamburg 1724), satiro nezvestega ljubimca.
Método para recomendar factores de posicionamiento personalizados en el motor de búsqueda de Google
Authors: Injante Richard , Mauricio David
Published: March 2020

El considerable aumento de sitios web en Internet con temáticas de diversa índole ha hecho que los usuarios utilicen este medio para buscar y conseguir información. De todos los motores empleados para esta tarea, la mayoría de personas emplea Google como su motor de búsqueda preferido. Teniendo esto en consideración, se vuelve fundamental alcanzar las mejores posiciones en los resultados de búsqueda para poder promocionar un sitio web. Este trabajo ofrece un método basado en 6 fases para recomendar factores de posicionamiento personalizados a los propietarios de páginas web con el fin de que mejoren la clasificación de sus páginas web en el buscador de Google. El método se aplicó en una página web y se logró alcanzar mejoras considerables en su posicionamiento.
Preparation of Novel Commercial Polyaniline Composites for Ammonia Detection
Authors: Albar Muhammad Musa Jusoff , Jamion Nurul Ain , Baharin Siti Nor Atika , Raoov Muggundha , Sambasevam Kavirajaa Pandian
Published: March 2020

Polyaniline (PANI) is one of the unique conducting polymers due to tunable conductivity, acid-base chemistry and optical properties. In this study, commercial PANI was used to prepare PANI/shell composites to enhance the sensitivity of PANI in ammonia (NH3) gas detection. Three types of waste shells were utilized to incorporate into the PANI matrix such as egg shells (ES), crab shells (CS) and mussel shells (MS). The characterizations were done by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of CaCO3 in the PANI/shell composites’ backbone. Whereas, UV-Vis spectra further confirmed the PANI/shell composites were in the doped state by exhibiting a characteristic peak at ~790-820 nm. Sensor performance of commercial PANI and PANI/shell composite films were studied in terms of sensor measurement and sensor performances (selectivity, reusability and long-term stability). The sensor performances of commercial PANI, PANI/ES and PANI/CS exhibited correlation coefficient of >0.95. In addition, commercial PANI and PANI/CS films exhibited good selectivity for NH3 gas detection in the presence of interfering gases. In conclusion, PANI/shell composites were successfully prepared for NH3 gas detection and PANI/CS exhibited the highest sensitivity compared to other films.
Ray Tracing of Light Trapping Schemes in Thin Crystalline Silicon for Photovoltaics
Authors: Pakhuruddin Mohd Zamir
Published: March 2020

Thin crystalline silicon (c-Si) suffers from poor light absorption which hinders generation of high photocurrent in photovoltaic (PV) devices. To overcome this issue, efficient light trapping (LT) schemes need to be incorporated into the thin c-Si absorber. This paper presents ray tracing of LT schemes in thin c-Si to enhance broadband light absorption within 300-1200 nm wavelength region. For the ray tracing, mono c-Si wafer with 100 μm thickness is investigated and solar spectrum (AM1.5G) at normal incidence is used. Front and rear pyramid textures, silicon nitride (SiNx) anti-reflective coating (ARC) and back surface reflector (BSR) are the LT schemes being studied in this work. With incremental LT schemes, optical properties of the thin c-Si are analyzed. From the absorption curve, maximum potential photocurrent density (Jmax) is calculated, assuming unity carrier collection. The c-Si reference (without LT) exhibits Jmax of 24.93 mA/cm2. With incorporation of incremental LT schemes into the thin c-Si, the Jmax increases, owing to enhanced light coupling and light scattering in the c-Si absorber. The Jmax up to 42.12 mA/cm2 is achieved when all the LT schemes are incorporated into the thin c-Si absorber. This represents 69% enhancement when compared to the Jmax of the c-Si reference.
Long Chain Imidazolium Ionic Liquids as Templates in the Formation of Mesoporous Silica Nanospheres
Authors: Isa Eleen Dayana Mohamed , Ahmad Haslina , Rahman Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul
Published: March 2020

Mesoporous silica material was first discovered by Mobil research group in 1990s. Its nanoscale form is favorable due to their properties such as high specific surface area, tunable sizes and easy surface functionalization. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) is commonly synthesize through condensation of silica source in the presence of templates. Two most commonly used templates are cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and polymer PF-127. However, in these recent years, new templates were discovered and one of it is ionic liquids (ILs). ILs are salt that has melting point below 100 °C and its core structure is similar to CTAB which consist of large organic cations and inorganic or organic anions. Therefore, it has the potential to serve as alternative template in formation of MSNs. This work reported usage of two long chain imidazolium ILs as template in the synthesis of monodispersed mesoporous silica nanospheres (MNSs). The effect of imidazolium ILs alkyl chain length on properties of MNSs were investigated. It was found that particle size of MNSs decreases with alkyl chain length of imidazolium ILs. The porosity of the MNSs were further analyzed through nitrogen sorption analysis where the surface areas were 570.61 and 598.71 m2 g-1 and pore volume up to 1.4 cm3 g-1.
Effect of Acetylation Contact Time to the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Jack Fruit Rind Cellulose Acetate (JR-CA) Reinforced Gelatine Film
Authors: Rahman Wahida Abdul , Anuar Nur Syazwani , Majid Noor Aishatun
Published: March 2020

Natural based film have been studied as a possible replacement for the conventional films because it can be developed from natural sources. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of acetylation contact time to the physical and mechanical properties of the jackfruit rind based cellulose acetate film. Acetylation of jackfruit rind based cellulose was studied and samples with different degree of substitution were obtained as a function of contact time from 1 hour to 24 hours. The products were characterized by saponification reaction. In this study, saponifcation reaction showed that, more hydroxyl group were substituted with acetyl groups as the contact time of acetylation increased. The Cellulose Acetate (CA) had been mixed in the gelatine matrix film. The addition of jackfruit rind based CA showed that the moisture uptake and solubility of the film decreased compared to Cellulose/Gelatine composite film. This is because acetyl groups are more hydrophobic than hydroxyl groups thus reducing the hydophilic nature of cellulose. Additionally, from the tensile test, it was proven that the film with CA of 24 hours contact time exhibits the highest tensile strength.
Biologics in Leprosy: A Systematic Review and Case Report
Authors: Cogen Anna L. , Lebas Eglantine , De Barros Barbara , Harnisch James P. , Faber William R. , Lockwood Diana N. , Walker Stephen L.
Published: March 2020

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitors increase susceptibility to tuberculosis, but the effect of biologics on susceptibility to leprosy has not been described. Moreover, biologics may play a role in treating erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL). The objectives of this systematic review were to determine whether the development of clinical leprosy is increased in patients being treated with biologics and to assess the use of biologics in treating leprosy reactions. A systematic literature review was completed of patients with leprosy who received treatment with biologics either before or after a diagnosis of leprosy was confirmed. All studies and case reports were included for qualitative evaluation. The search yielded 10 cases (including one duplicate publication) of leprosy diagnosed after initiation of TNF-α inhibitors and four case reports of refractory ENL successfully treated with infliximab or etanercept. An unpublished case of persistent ENL responsive to infliximab is also presented. These data demonstrate that the use of TNF-α inhibitors may be a risk factor for developing leprosy or reactivating subclinical infections. Leprosy can present with skin lesions and arthritis, so leprosy should be considered in patients presenting with these signs before starting treatment with these agents. Leprosy should be considered in patients who develop worsening eruptions and neurologic symptoms during treatment with TNF-α inhibitors. Finally, TNF-α inhibitors appear effective in some cases of refractory ENL.
Introduction to Control Volume Based Transient Thermal Limit
Authors: Yeu Rodney , Deppen Tim , Raczkowski Brian , Jones Nicholas , Walters Eric , Donovan Adam , Patnaik Soumya , Bodie Mark
Published: March 2020

Advancement in modern aircraft with the development of more dynamic and efficient technologies has led to these technologies increasingly operated near or at their operation limits. More comprehensive analysis methods based on high-fidelity models co-simulated in an integrated environment are needed to support the full utilization of these advanced technologies. Furthermore, the additional information provided by these new analyses needs to be correlated with updates to traditional metrics and specifications. One such case is the thermal limit requirement that sets the upper bound on a thermal system temperature. Traditionally, this bound is defined based on steady-state conditions. However, advanced thermal management systems experience dynamic events where the temperature is not static and may violate steady-state requirements for brief periods of time. Due to the large thermal time constants for many components, such transient violations may not represent system failure and an understanding of transient temperature limits is beneficial. To meet this need, this paper introduces the transient thermal limit via control volume representation. Instead of a constant thermal limit, the transient thermal limit approach generates a dynamic temperature profile limit by representing the thermal system with a control volume and scaling the input temperature profile such that the control volume does not exceed the steady-state temperature limit. This simple approach is based on a physical representation that is customizable to each system and can dynamically adjust the limit based on system conditions. Additionally, this control volume transient temperature limit methodology was developed to minimize information sharing between proprietary systems. The details of this transient limit generation methodology will be reviewed in this paper and illustrated through application on an example thermal system.
Performance of Isolated UAV Rotors at Low Reynolds Number
Authors: Tomar Yashvardhan , Shukla Dhwanil , Komerath Narayanan
Published: March 2020

Vertical takeoff and landing vehicle platforms with many small rotors are gaining importance for small UAVs as well as distributed electric propulsion for larger vehicles. To predict vehicle performance, it must be possible to gauge interaction effects. These rotors operate in the less-known regime of low Reynolds number, with different blade geometry. As a first step, two identical commercial UAV rotors from a flight test program are studied in isolation, experimentally and computationally. Load measurements were performed in Georgia Tech’s 2.13 m × 2.74 m wind tunnel. Simulations were done using the RotCFD solver which uses a Navier-Stokes wake computation along with rotor-disc loads calculation using low-Reynolds number blade section data. It is found that in hover, small rotors available in the market vary noticeably in performance at low rotor speeds, the data converging at higher RPM and Reynolds number. This is indicative of the high sensitivity of low-Re rotor flows to minor geometrical differences/imperfections in the rotors. It requires proper handling in computations. CFD results show a higher deviation from the experimental thrust data at low rotor speeds. While thrust prediction comes close to the experiments at high rotor speed, matching torque prediction values within reasonable bounds is still a challenge.
Elevated CO2, increased leaf-level productivity and water-use efficiency during the early Miocene
Authors: Reichgelt Tammo , D'Andrea William J. , Valdivia-McCarthy Ailín del C. , Fox Bethany R.S. , Bannister Jennifer M. , Conran John G. , Lee William G. , Lee Daphne E.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Rising atmospheric CO2 is expected to increase global temperatures, plant water-use efficiency, and carbon storage in the terrestrial biosphere. A CO2 fertilization effect on terrestrial vegetation is predicted to cause global greening as the potential ecospace for forests expands. However, leaf-level fertilization effects, such as increased productivity and water-use efficiency, have not been documented from fossil leaves in periods of heightened atmospheric CO2. Leaf gas-exchange rates reconstructed from early Miocene fossils which grew at southern temperate and tropical latitudes, when global average temperatures were 5–6 °C higher than today reveal that atmospheric CO2 was ~ 450–550 ppm. Early Miocene CO2 is similar to projected values for 2040AD, and consistent with Earth System Sensitivity of 3–7 °C to a doubling of CO2. While early Miocene leaves had photosynthetic rates similar to modern plants, southern temperate leaves were more productive than modern due to a longer growing season. This higher productivity was likely mirrored at northern temperate latitudes as well, where a greater availability of landmass would have led to increased carbon storage in forest biomass relative to today. Intrinsic water-use efficiency of both temperate and tropical forest trees was high, toward the upper limit of the range for modern trees, which likely expanded the habitable range in regions that could not support forests with high moisture demands under lower atmospheric CO2. Overall, early Miocene elevated atmospheric CO2 sustained globally higher temperatures and our results reveal the first empirical evidence of concomitant enhanced intrinsic water-use efficiency, indicating a forest fertilization effect.
Classification of Paddy Fields using Convolutional Neural Network with MODIS imagery in Northeast Asia
Authors: Jeong Seungtaek , Ko Jonghan , Jeong Gwanyong , Choi Myungjin
Published: March 2020

A satellite image-based classification for crop types can provide information on an arable land area and its changes over time. The classified information is also useful as a base dataset for various geospatial projects to retrieve crop growth and production processes for a wide area. Convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithms based on a deep neural network technique have been frequently applied for land cover classification using satellite images with a high spatial resolution, producing consistent classification outcomes. However, it is still challenging to adopt the coarse resolution images such as Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) for classification purposes mainly because of uncertainty from mixed pixels, which can cause difficulty in collecting and labeling actual land cover data. Nevertheless, using coarse images is a very efficient approach for obtaining high temporal and continuous land spectral information for comparatively extensive areas (e.g., those at national and continental scales). In this study, we will classify paddy fields applying a CNN algorithm to MODIS images in Northeast Asia. Time series features of vegetation indices that appear only in paddy fields will be created as 2-dimensional images to use inputs for the classification algorithm. We will use reference land cover maps with a high spatial resolution in Korea and Japan as training and test datasets, employing identified data in person for validation. The current research effort would propose that the CNN-based classification approach using coarse spatial resolution images could have its applicability and reliability for the land cover classification process at a continental scale, providing a direction of its solution for the cause of errors in satellite images with a low spatial resolution.
The difference of sediment sources between high flows and low flows in the Hailuogou Glacier stream
Authors: Chen Jiacun , Lizaga Ivan , Zhang Xinbao , Navas Ana
Published: March 2020

       In the area of Mt Gongga (Hengduan range, China) most glaciers are experiencing considerable retreat and mass loss since the early 20th century. Drainage of recently deglaciated surfaces delivers fine sediments thus affecting patterns of sediment delivery with impacts on water quality. Research in the area indicates significant differences between sediment at high flows and low flows in the same river during different seasons. High level flows were usually caused by heavy rainfall events or continuous rainfall that erode the slopes by sheet, rill and gully erosion and transport important amounts of sediments to streams leading to significant increases in river sediment flux. During low flows subsurface soil flux during spring and the direct discharge at the outlet of the glacier result in much less sediment load and mean suspended sediment concentration compared with high flows. The runoff volume, hydrograph peak, sediment load and mean suspended sediment concentration in high flows are as much as an order of magnitude higher than in low flows. Therefore, it is of great significance exploring the provenance of fine sediment during high flows and low flows to assess if there are differences in the contributing sources of sediments.

          For this purpose during a 2 weeks field campaign in May 2016 in the frame of IAEA INT5153 project, source sediment samples and channel bed sediment mixtures were collected along the river valley of the Hailuogou Glacier. Three main sources were identified: surface glacier materials, old moraines and recent moraines. Composite surface samples (2 cm) were created of 10 subsamples in each representative site for surface glacier materials. Following the same scheme on old lateral moraines 10 sites were selected from the more mineral blocky deposits to the most vegetated parts at higher altitudes. On recent moraines 12 sites with different stages of vegetation cover were sampled. Starting from the glacier tongue a total of 7 fine sediment mixtures were collected along the river of which 3 composite samples corresponded to the dry season with low flow and 4 samples corresponded to high flow.  A new consensus test method and an unmixing model were used to estimate the apportionments of the sediment sources to the sediment loads. The results showed that the contribution of different sources to the sediment mixture deposits varied along the river showing different provenance for the low and high flow suggesting different mechanisms of sediment generation during melting and dry seasons. This study is of interest for gaining knowledge on changing dynamics of sediment in regions were the rapid disappearance of glaciers and snow as in Mt. Gongga, has increased the mobilization and transport of sediment loads with consequences for the local population.
Design and Development of Interoperable Cloud Sensor Services to Support Citizen Science Projects
Authors: Bredel Henning , Jirka SImon , Masó Pau Joan , Piera Jaume
Published: March 2020

Citizen Observatories are becoming a more and more popular source of input data in many scientific domains. This includes for example research on biodiversity (e.g. counts of specific species in an area of interest), air quality monitoring (e.g. low-cost sensor boxes), or traffic flow analysis (e.g. apps collecting floating car data).

For the collection of such data, different approaches exist. Besides frameworks providing re-usable software building blocks (e.g. wq framework, Open Data Kit), many projects rely on custom developments. However, these solutions are mainly focused on providing the necessary software components. Further work is necessary to set-up the necessary IT infrastructure. In addition, aspects such as interoperability are usually less considered which often leads to the creation of isolated information silos.

In our presentation, we will introduce selected activities of the European H2020 project COS4CLOUD (Co-designed citizen observatories for the EOS-Cloud). Among other objectives, COS4CLOUD aims at providing re-usable services for setting up Citizen Observatories based on the European Open Science (EOS) Cloud. We will especially discuss how it will make use of interoperability standards such as the Sensor Observation Service (SOS), SensorThings API as well as Observations and Measurements (O&M) of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC).

As a result, COS4CLOUD will not only facilitate the collection of Citizen Observatory data by reducing the work necessary to set-up a corresponding IT infrastructure. It will also support the exchange and integration of Citizen Observatory data between different projects as well as the integration with other authoritative data sources. This shall increase the sustainability of data collection efforts as Citizen Science data may be used as input for many data analysis processes beyond the project that originally collected the data.
Detecting lineaments in Northern Bavaria from magnetotelluric soundings
Authors: D'Ascoli Eugenio , Moorkamp Max
Published: March 2020

Northern Bavaria shows an elevated surface heatflow in combination with prominent lineaments
and potentially hydraulically active tectonic faults. Sharp resistivity contrasts, as they might appear
for geothermal fluids migrating along faults and altering the host rock resistivity environment, are
an ideal target for electromagnetic measurements. Magnetotelluric (MT) measurements have been
conducted in northern Bavaria in October 2019 for the investigation of the subsurface resistivity
structure of the lineaments and faults for possibly future geothermal explorations. Magnetotelluric
data sampled in highly populated areas are often contaminated with anthropogenic electromagnetic
noise and result in strong outliers in the impedance tensor estimates. A robust remote reference
method and several pre-stack data selection criteria have been applied in order to retrieve meaningful
estimates of the impedance tensor. To derive an image of the subsurface resistivity distribution a
three dimensional inverse modelling of the impedance tensor estimates has been applied.
Accounting for the spatial support-effect on modelling a temperature field from different sources of experimental data
Authors: Fassnacht Steven R. , Collados-Lara Antonio-Juan , Pardo-Igúzquiza Eulogio , Pulido-Velazquez David
Published: March 2020

Each experimental data measured by an instrument has an associated spatial (and temporal) support to which the measurement is assigned. In this sense a logger provides the temperature at a particular spatial location and has a point-support while satellite derived temperatures have an areal support equal to the size of the pixel of the satellite image (i.e. the spatial resolution of the image). Thus, when combining or merging both types of measurement, their support must be taken into account. In fact, in nature there is a continuous temperature field that is only accessible from empirical data with its associated support. In this work three sources of data have been considered to model the variability of temperature at two scales in the Southern Rocky Mountains across the northern Front Range of Colorado (NFRC). The coarse scale uses the NRCS SNOTEL stations across the NFRC and the fine scale uses iButton sensors at the Colorado State University Mountain Campus (CSUMC) located within the NFRC. The MODIS-based land surface temperature (LST), which has a spatial resolution of about 1 km, has been considered for both scales. The SNOTEL stations and the iButton sensors have a point support while satellite LST has an areal support. The main goal of this work is to assess the variability of the temperature field at both scales, taking into account the support effect of each set of experimental data, by using a geostatistical approach.

This research has been partially supported by the SIGLO-AN project from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Programa Estatal de I+D+I orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad).
Multi-sensor determination of eruption source parameters: the example of the 10 April 2011 paroxysm at Mount Etna
Authors: Freret-Lorgeril Valentin , Bonadonna Costanza , Scollo Simona , Marzano Frank , Mereu Luigi , Corradini Stefano , Guerrieri Lorenzo , Merucci Luca , Donnadieu Franck
Published: March 2020

The near real-time determination of Eruptive Source Parameters (ESPs) is one of the main challenges of modern volcanology. Strategies are now being developed to refine quantitative measurements of erupted mass, total grain-size distribution and plume height from ground sampling and remote sensing methods. However, each method has its own limitations and, therefore, ESPs remain poorly constrained.

Between 2011 and 2015, Etna volcano has produced 49 paroxysmal episodes characterized by the emission of fountain-fed tephra plumes whose heights reached up to 15 km (above sea level). In this work, we take advantage of the complementary set of remote sensing data available at Etna for assessing the quantification of ESPs and their associated uncertainties based on ground deposit sampling, Doppler radar data, visible imagery and satellite observations. In particular, we have considered the 10 April 2011 as a case study of the weakest paroxysms given that some of the strongest paroxysms have already been studied to develop and enhance remote sensing and monitoring strategies at Etna (e.g. 23 November 2013 and 3 December 2015). Satellite thermal infrared and weather radar observations for this weak paroxysm show tephra plume altitudes of 6 to 9 km (a.s.l.), in agreement with simulations with HYSPLIT model.  The erupted mass determined with all these sensors show a large variability that reflects the sensibility of each method to different grain sizes (e.g. from blocks and lapilli seen by L-band radar to very fine ash seen by satellite thermal-infrared). Our multi-sensor strategy shed some lights on the importance of intercomparing data from various approaches and studying their applicability limits for near real-time quantification of ESPs and monitoring purposes at Etna.
Controls on oxygen response to climate change on the Northwest European Continental Shelf
Authors: Wakelin Sarah L. , Artioli Yuri , Butenschön Momme , Holt Jason , Blackford Jeremy
Published: March 2020

Dissolved oxygen in the ocean is an indicator of water quality and low concentrations can threaten ecosystem health. The main sources of marine oxygen are diffusion from the atmosphere and phytoplankton photosynthesis. Biological respiration and decomposition act to reduce oxygen concentrations. Under conditions of vertical stratification, the water column below the pycnocline is isolated from oxygen exchange with the atmosphere, photosynthesis may be limited by light availability and oxygen concentrations decrease. Climate change influences the oxygen cycle in two ways: 1) changing the hydrodynamic climate and 2) affecting rates of biogeochemical processes. The hydrodynamic climate affects the nutrient supply and so controls phytoplankton production while changes to water column stratification affects vertical mixing. Gas solubility decreases with increasing temperature so that oxygen uptake from the atmosphere is expected to decrease under increasing oceanic temperatures. Biological cycling rates increase with increasing temperature affecting photosynthesis, respiration and bacterial decomposition. It is not obvious whether changes in oxygen concentrations due to changing ecosystem processes will mitigate or reinforce the projected reduction from solubility changes.

The Northwest European Continental shelf (NWES) is a region of the northeast Atlantic that experiences seasonal stratification. We use the physics-biogeochemical model NEMO-ERSEM to study near-bed oxygen concentrations on the NWES under a high greenhouse gas emissions scenario (Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5). We show that much of the NWES could experience low oxygen concentrations by 2100 and assess the relative impacts of changing temperature and ecosystem processes. Until about 2040 the impact of solubility dominates the oxygen change. The mean near-bed oxygen concentration is projected to decrease by 6.3% by 2100, of which 73% is due to solubility changes and the remainder to changes in the ecosystem. In the oxygen-depleted region in the eastern North Sea, 77% of the near-bed oxygen reduction is due to ecosystem processes.
Distributed hydrological modelling using spatiotemporally varying velocities
Authors: Risva Konstantina , Nikolopoulos Dionysios , Efstratiadis Andreas
Published: March 2020

We present a distributed hydrological model with minimal calibration requirements, which represents the rainfall-runoff transformation and the flow routing processes. The generation of surface runoff is based on a modified NRCS-CN scheme. Key novelty is the use of representative CN values, which are initially assigned to model cells on the basis of slope, land cover and permeability maps, and adjusted to antecedent soil moisture conditions. For the propagation of runoff to the basin outlet two flow types are considered, i.e. overland flow across the terrain and channel flow along the river network. These are synthesized by employing a novel velocity-based approach, where the assignment of velocities along the river network is based on macroscopic hydraulic information. It also uses the concept of varying time of concentration, which is considered function of the average runoff intensity across the catchment. This configuration is suitable for event-based flood simulation and requires the specification of only two lumped inputs, which are either manually estimated or inferred through calibration. The model can also run in continuous mode, by employing a soil moisture accounting scheme that produces both the surface (overland) runoff and the interflow through the unsaturated zone. The two model configurations are demonstrated in the representation of observed flows across Nedontas river basin at South Peloponnese, Greece.
Swarm Langmuir Probe measurements : analysis and characterization of the data quality
Authors: Catapano Filomena , Buchert Stephan , Coco Igino , Slominska Ewa , Qamili Enkelejda , Trenchi Lorenzo , Bouffard Jerome
Published: March 2020

Swarm is a three-satellite constellation mission launched by ESA in 2013 flying at an altitude of about 510 km for Swarm Bravo, and 460 km for Alpha and Charlie. The three satellites carry identical instruments continuously collecting ground-breaking data on the various components of the magnetic field and on the near-Earth environment and their dynamics. The Electric Field Instrument (EFI)  is composed by the Thermal Ion Imager (TII) and two Langmuir Probes (LPs) which measure the electron density, temperature and spacecraft potential with the cadence of 2Hz. The scope of this work is to provide an updated status of the L1B data derived from LP measurements, describing some of anomalies affecting the data products as well the outcomes of recent investigations aiming at further improving the science quality of the LP-based Swarm data.
Inner core scattering estimates inferred from PKiKP coda waves
Authors: Krasnoshchekov Dmitry
Published: March 2020

Lateral variations in structure and composition with a scale length of about several kilometers are thought to be one of the reasons for strong seismic attenuation in the Earth’s solid inner core. These fine-scale heterogeneities are probably best constrained by scattered coda of body waves pre-critically reflected from the inner core boundary (PKiKP). Here we analyze 9 arrays of sources and receivers to detect weak PKiKP coda on short-period and broadband seismic records in the range of epicentral distances from 6 to 94 degrees. 6 PKiKP bounce points scan the IC surface below Central Asia, 2 – under the Arctic region, and one – under Southeastern Asia. We observe the IC scattered coda in the Hilbert envelope of the PKiKP beam built by linear summation of 1.3 – 5 Hz bandpass frequency filtered vertical records of array channels. Assuming the detected PKiKP codas result from scattering through the volume of the uppermost inner core, we estimate the Qc quality factor by fitting of the observed PKiKP codas with a standard model – the classical method invoked in crust and mantle studies. We find the quality factors are between 400 and 500 with no distinct geographical dependence.
Shanderman eclogite (Iran): A supercontinent killer subduction.
Authors: Pastor-Galán Daniel , Tsujimori Tatsuki , López-Carmona Alicia , Yi Keewook
Published: March 2020

During the amalgamation, tenure and break up of Pangea several oceans played a major tectonic role. Remnants of them now occur mostly along the margins of the Atlantic, Mediterranean, Black and Caspian seas, as well as in the Alpine-Himalayan and adjacent orogens. Of those oceans, three (Iapetus, Tornsquist and Rheic) were closed during the amalgamation of Pangea and another (Neo-Tethys) is the main witness of its break-up.

The Paleotethys is the enigmatic ocean that shared an internal position during most of Pangea’s tenure. There is no consensus about its origin, some suggest that opened during the latest stages of Pangea’s amalgamation (Devonian-Carboniferous) whereas others considert it a remnant of the mostly subducted Rheic ocean after Gondwana-Laurussia collision. The Shanderman eclogites, in NW Iran are a potential candidate to represent the Paleotethys ocean. They are metamorphosed oceanic rocks (protolith oceanic tholeiitic basalt with MORB composition). Eclogite occurs within a serpentinite matrix, accompanied by mafic rocks resembling a dismembered ophiolite. The eclogitic mafic rocks record different stages of metamorphism during subduction and exhumation.

In this contribution I will show the new petrological, geochemical and geochronological results from this eclogites to shed light on the Paleotethyan problem. The piece of oceanic crust preserved at Shanderman area (Iran) crystallized some time in the mid-Carboniferous (~330 Ma) showing the paleotethys kept expanding during the Gondwana-Laurussia collisions that amalgamated Pangea. Metamorphic ages, suggest that subdution initiated in this segment of the Paleotethys between 310 and 290Ma. We integrate this results into a tectonic reconstruction that shows a major plate reorganization within Pangea during the late Carboniferous and early Permian (320-270 Ma) that questions its role as a supercontinent.
Seismic asperity size evolution during fluid injection: case study of the 1993 Soultz-sous-Forêts injection
Authors: Lengliné Olivier , Cauchie Léna , Schmittbuhl Jean
Published: March 2020

The injection of fluid in the upper crust, notably for the development or exploitation of geothermal reservoirs, is often associated with the onset of induced seismicity. Although this process has been largely studied, it is not clear how the injected fluid influences the rupture size of the induced events. Here we re-investigate the induced earthquakes that occurred during an injection at Soultz-sous-Forêts, France in 1993 and studied the link between the injected fluid and the source properties of the numerous induced earthquakes. We take advantage that deep borehole accelerometers were running in the vicinity of the injection site. We estimate the moment and radius of all recorded events based on a spectral analysis and classify them into 663 repeating sequences.  We show that the events globally obey the typical scaling law between radius and moment. However, at the scale of the asperity, fluctuations of the moment are important while the radii remain similar suggesting a variable stress drop or a mechanism that prevents the growth of the rupture. This is confirmed by linking the event source size to the geomechanical history of the reservoir. In areas where aseismic slip on pre-existing faults has been evidenced, we observed only small rupture sizes whereas in part of the reservoir where seismicity is related to the creation of new fractures, a wider distribution and larger rupture sizes are promoted. Implications for detecting the transition between events related to pre-existing faults and the onset of fresh fractures are discussed.
A Comparison of Field Techniques for the Analysis of Groundwater-Surface-Water Interactions: Porewater Sampling and Hyporheic Temperature and EC Time Series
Authors: Brekenfeld Nicolai , Schneidewind Uwe , Comer-Warner Sophie , Schulz Hanna , Kettridge Nick , Blume Theresa , Laudon Hjalmar , Bishop Kevin , Hannah David , Krause Stefan
Published: March 2020

The interactions between streamwater and hyporheic or riparian porewater are tightly linked to the biogeochemical and ecological processes within fluvial ecosystems. The analyses of hyporheic biogeochemical cycles or hyporheic exchange fluxes often involves manual sampling of porewater or measurement of temperature time series in the streambed. Here, we compare these two techniques with electrical conductivity time series from a cluster of small, hyporheic EC sensors and discuss their implications on the interpretation of groundwater – surface-water interactions in a first-order boreal stream.

Based on repeated measurements and the co-located small, hyporheic EC sensors, we found that even small sampling-rates of sediment porewater alter the hyporheic flow at some locations significantly. However, since porewater samples are necessary for the analysis of hyporheic biogeochemical cycles and water source partitioning, we recommend for future experiments to either co-locate small, continuous sensors with the sampling ports or to conduct experiments quantifying the induced flux.

Calculated 1D fluxes based on profiles of temperature time series are often integrated over many centimetres to a few decimetres, if the sensors spacing is not very small. This might be the reason, why fluxes based on our temperature and EC measurements do not always have the same direction, especially if the fast hyporheic exchange fluxes are very shallow.

We conclude, that using several, co-located techniques together can compensate for the limitations of each technique and reduce the risk of misleading conclusions.
Evaluation of olive grove management on various soils at the micro-catchment scale with the AnnAGNPS model to quantify their impacts on organic carbon
Authors: Taguas Encarnación , Bingner Ronald L. , Momm Henrique , Wells Robert R. , Locke Martin
Published: March 2020

Soil organic carbon (SOC) stock changes are crucial to identify the risk of desertification in fragile areas such as the Mediterranean Basin and to fulfill environmental protection global conventions. In Spain, 48% of the world’s olive oil is produced with 2.6 Mha dedicated to the crop and there is clear concern over the carbon balance in the context of climate change and the resulting loss of productivity. In this work, 108 scenarios were prepared with the model AnnAGNPS in a small catchment of extensive olive groves by considering the impact of soil type and management using 6 different soil types (with textures sandy, S; sandy loam, Slo; loam, L; clay loam, Clo; silty loam clay, SiLoC; clay, C), 3 different managements (no till, NT; conventional tillage, CT, and cover crop, SC), 3 types of fertilization (two organic with different rates, F2 and F3,  and another inorganic F1) and 2 contrasting reach organic carbon half-life time (0.1 day-730 days). The consistency of the simulated values of annual OC attached to the sediments and of variations of ground SOC (h=200 mm) were evaluated and compared in the context of the region of Andalusia.

There were significant differences of annual values of the sediment OC for the scenarios of soil and management with a range variation between 0.0 kg.ha-1 and 368.9 kg.ha-1. In addition, S and SC showed the lowest variability intervals while Clo and NT had the highest sediment OC and variation ranges. For the SOC pools, the effects of soil and fertilization types were more evident than of the management. The combination C-SC-F3 presented the maximum increase of SOC (0.150 mg OC.g-1soil.y-1) while the combination Slo-NT-F1 presented the minimum (0.080 mg OC.g-1soil.y-1). Despite specific calibrations needed to quantify OC balances, the consistency of the hydrological and erosive parameterization based on the abundance of experimental studies supports the use of AnnAGNPS for simulating the OC loss in agricultural catchments.
EUROVOLC tool for citizen science observations of volcanic phenomena
Authors: Sandri Laura , Ilyinskaya Evgenia , Duncan Melanie , Nayembil Martin , Reitano Danilo , Barsotti Sara , Bonadonna Costanza , Nave Rosella , Geyer Adelina , Selva Jacopo
Published: March 2020

One of the aims of EUROVOLC is to raise awareness and share data by exploiting existing tools for hazard and risk. Here we present the ongoing effort within EUROVOLC WP12 to create an online tool to collect information from people witnessing volcanic events at European or other volcanoes.

In the recent past, building on the experience from earthquakes, and from the trans-national effects of Eyjafallajökull eruption, European research groups have built tools (e.g. questionnaires or apps) for facilitating the collection of data by citizens. These efforts are presently fragmented and sparse across Europe (and across the world).

As the first step we have conducted a reconnaissance survey of existing citizen science tools in volcanology (from operational and research projects), available for download through EUROVOLC website

One of the aims of EUROVOLC is to raise awareness and share data by exploiting existing tools for hazard and risk. Here we present the ongoing effort within EUROVOLC WP12 to create an online tool to collect information from people witnessing volcanic events at European or other volcanoes.

In the recent past, building on the experience from earthquakes, and from the trans-national effects of Eyjafallajökull eruption, European research groups have built tools (e.g. questionnaires or apps) for facilitating the collection of data by citizens. These efforts are presently fragmented and sparse across Europe (and across the world).

As the first step we have conducted a reconnaissance survey of existing citizen science tools in volcanology (from operational and research projects), available for download through EUROVOLC website.

The new EUROVOLC tool will:
- access and collate data collected by several pre-existing tools. These tools currently include ‘myVolcano’ by British Geological Survey; sulphur dioxide and ash recording tools by Iceland Met Office; Osservatorio Vesuviano web questionnaire & Tefranet by INGV-Catania. These tools were selected based on whether their data can be ‘pulled’ in real-time;
- allow additional tools to be incorporated as they become available;
- allow recording of new data by the users;
- allow visualizing on a map the data in which the users are interested in, that can be selected by region/country, by recording time, or by observed phenomenon;
- allow downloading the data in which the users are interested in

In this way, the users of EUROVOLC tool will have access to observations collected by the multiple tools available across EUROPE through a single access point.

The EUROVOLC tool will become available in July 2020.
How CMEMS INSTAC contributes to the monitoring of the ocean?
Authors: Juza Mélanie , Szekely Tanguy , Gourrion Jérôme , Ruiz-Parrado Inmaculada , Pouliquen Sylvie , Tintoré Joaquin
Published: March 2020

CMEMS IN SITU TAC (INSTAC) collects in situ observations from various platforms (e.g. Argo floats, gliders, drifters, ships, fixed stations, marine mammals, high-frequency radar). It provides free, open and quality-controlled physical and biogeochemical ocean data in both delayed mode and near-real time, in support to the operational oceanography, the ocean health and the climate change. Monitoring the 4-dimensional ocean at various spatial and temporal scales, the INSTAC multi-year products provide an essential information on the ocean state, variability and changes. Hence, the INSTAC group contributes substantially to the elaboration of the annual CMEMS Ocean State Report (Von Schuckmann et al., 2016, 2018, 2019, 2020), in collaboration with internal and external scientific experts, as well as with other CMEMS TACs and MFCs.

A general overview of the INSTAC contributions to the CMEMS Ocean State Report is presented, highlighting its capacity to describe, analyze and understand the ocean state and variability of both physical and biogeochemical components from the sea surface to the deep ocean, from the coastal to open sea waters at both short-term (event) and long-term temporal scales. The INSTAC team contributes to the CMEMS Ocean Monitoring Indicators (e.g. temperature, salinity, ocean heat content, water mass and heat exchange, extreme event detection), investigates the ocean circulation variability (e.g. cold and fresh blob in North Atlantic, mesoscale eddy anomaly), analyses the impacts of climate change on marine ecosystem and ocean circulation (e.g. water mass responses to climate warming, cyclones), and develops operational applications and services (pollution risk, search-and-rescue, storm and wave alerts, river discharges).
Challenges in Constraining Future Change of Global Land Precipitation in CMIP6 Models
Authors: Lee June-Yi , Yun Kyung-Sook , Babu Arjun , Yang Young-Min , Chung Eui-Seok , Oh Hyo-Eun , Timmermann Axel , Ha Kyung-Ja
Published: March 2020

The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models have showed substantial inter-model spread in estimating annual global-mean precipitation change per one-degree greenhouse-gas-induced warming (precipitation sensitivity), ranging from -4.5–4.2%oC-1in the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 2.6, the lowest emission scenario, to 0.2–4.0%oC-1in the RCP 8.5, the highest emission scenario. The observed-based estimations in the global-mean land precipitation sensitivity during last few decades even show much larger spread due to the considerable natural interdecadal variability, role of anthropogenic aerosol forcing, and uncertainties in observation. This study tackles to better quantify and constrain global land precipitation change in response to global warming by analyzing the new range of Shared Socio-economic Pathway (SSP) scenarios in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) compared with RCP scenarios in the CMIP5. We show that the range of projected change in annual global-mean land (ocean) precipitation by the end of the 21stcentury relative to the recent past (1995-2014) in the 23 CMIP6 models is over 50% (20%) larger than that in corresponding scenarios of the 40 CMIP5 models. The estimated ranges of precipitation sensitivity in four Tier-1 SSPs are also larger than those in corresponding CMIP5 RCPs. The large increase in projected precipitation change in the highest quartile over ocean is mainly due to the increased number of high equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) models in CMIP6 compared to CMIP5, but not over land due to different response of thermodynamic moisture convergence and dynamic processes to global warming. We further discuss key challenges in constraining future precipitation change and source of uncertainties in land precipitation change.