bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tecnología y enseñanza: retos y nuevas tecnologías y metodologías
Authors: Cabero-Almenara Julio
Published: May 2021

This article is presented as a reflection, in which the main events that gave rise to the Information Society (IS) and Knowledge (CS) and how these have transformed different social, economic and productive aspects are exposed, mainly for This writing highlights the influence of technology on teaching and learning processes in educational contexts. In the first part, a tour is made through the evolution of the industry, starting with agrarian society up to Industry 4.0 and digital transformation. In the second part, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are presented, in their role as new scenarios for learning and training, carrying out an analysis of the technologies that have been used, located in the Horizon reports, and Finally, it is concluded by reiterating the benefits of the implementation of technologies, in their function of mediation in didactic and pedagogical environments.
Modelo basado en lógica difusa para la construcción de condiciones de alta calidad en el sistema educativo
Authors: Castellanos Contrera Jose Ulises , Pareja Figueredo Carlos Francisco , Gutierrez Martinez Luis Carlos
Published: May 2021

The conceptual bases of artificial intelligence, expert systems and knowledge engineering, and management are a fundamental point in the digital transformation of education. From this, fuzzy logic, as an expert system, is the pillar of our model based on matrices that are self#filled from the perspectives of experts and the guidelines of the Ministry of Education arranged in their matrices (qualitative systems). This allows migrating to quantitative data from rules of inference (quantitative systems). This model digitizes the curriculum framework and institutional management, that is, knowledge and data. This digital architecture is supported by university financing systems, research, entrepreneurship, digital talent, social projection, teaching, students, among others. All these elements generate the target matrices, which generate data that support the high-quality elements required by the Ministry of Education.
Initial Experience of Minimally Invasive Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer in Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos and National Cancer Institute: Clinical Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Lukšta Martynas , Sasnauskas Gustas , Baušys Augustinas , Rybakovas Andrius , Kuliavas Justas , Baušys Rimantas , Strupas Kęstutis
Published: May 2021

Background. Gastric cancer remains one of the most common cancers in Lithuania and Worldwide. Surgical treatment is the only potentially curative treatment option for it. Historically open gastrectomy was considered as the gold standard approach. Although, the development of minimally invasive surgery and accumulation of the clinical data has led to the adoption of minimally invasive gastrectomy. Clinical cases. We present a series of 8 clinical cases who underwent minimally invasive surgery for early or locally advanced gastric cancer in Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos and the National Cancer Institute. Discussion. Large scale randomized controlled trials in Asia have proved that laparoscopic surgery is safe and oncologically effective for clinical stage I distal gastric cancer. The increa­sing amount of data supports the safety of minimally invasive gastrectomy for advanced or proximal gastric cancer. Most of the trials performed in Asia confirmed, that laparoscopic gastrectomy has some advantages, including: decreased blood loss, decreased post­operative pain, and morbidity. Recent randomized controlled trials of Western countries proved the safety of laparoscopic gastrectomy and the comparable 1-year long-term outcomes. Although, they failed to show improved recovery after minimally invasive surgery. Currently, there is sufficient evidence to adopt minimally invasive gastrectomy for gastric cancer into routine clinical practice in Lithuania. Conclusions. The first experience of minimally invasive gastric cancer surgery in Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos and the National Cancer Institute was successful. All gastrectomies were radical, and without major postoperative complications.
Ureteroplasty Using Buccal Mucosa Graft in Complicated Long Segment Ureteral Stricture: Clinical Case Report
Authors: Sasnauskas Gustas , Grybas Aivaras
Published: May 2021

Background. Recurrent proximal ureteral stricture is a complex rare disease that is difficult to treat. Post-operative scarring, impaired blood supply to the ureter, stricture-related stones, and chronic infection – all factors make the treatment even more complicated. Methods. There are various surgical procedures for ureteral reconstruction, however, most of them are very traumatic and quite often ineffective. Our case reports the first experience of treating a complicated recurrent proximal ureteral stricture with ureteroplasty using a buccal mucosa graft. Results. The patient had a 12-month post-operative follow-up. No stricture recurrence was observed and hydronephrosis decreased. Although the excretory function of the left kidney remained lower, serum creatinine became normal. The most important clinical outcome was the withdrawal of left flank pain. Conclusions. We are lacking high volume clinical trials for appropriate ureteral stricture treatment modality. All available publications in this field compare single cases or low volume studies. While buccal mucosa graft procedures are well established in urethral reconstruction, our case proves that buccal mucosa graft method can be successfully used for ureteroplasty as well, providing good post-operative functional outcomes.
Needs of adults education stakeholders Relazione
Authors: Kobylarek Aleksander , Jakubowska Luba , Błaszczyński Kamil
Published: May 2021

Il rapporto presentato contiene informazioni sui bisogni educativi e sulla valutazione quantitativa delle organizzazioni di educatori per adulti e lavoratori delle ONG nei paesi del consorzio (Polonia, Francia, Italia e Portogallo) e in altri paesi dell’UE e alcuni non UE. La ricerca ha visto la partecipazione di 1176 partecipanti. Ciò che è importante, è il fatto che la ricerca sia stata condotta in diversi paesi, non solo nei paesi del consorzio, elemento che garantisce che i risultati ottenuti siano sintomatici per il settore AE europeo.
KKW. Kommentierter Katalog der alten Drucke in der Wiener Sammlung Woldan
Authors: Wallisch Robert
Published: May 2021

Der vorliegende kommentierte Katalog der ältesten Buchbestände der „Wiener Sammlung Woldan“ zum Thema Geographica und Reiseliteratur von 1481–1630 umfasst über 250 Titel, die hier der Systematik und Aufstellung der physischen Sammlung folgend in geographisch zusammenhängenden Abschnitten vorgestellt werden. Dem identifikatorischen ersten Teil der Katalogisate folgen konzise Bemerkungen zu Inhalt sowie geographie-historischer und literarischer Bedeutung des Textes. Den Abschluss bilden Kurzbiographien der an der Entstehung des Bandes beteiligten Personen. Im Anhang finden sich Indices zu den Werktiteln sowohl in Ansetzungs- als auch in Vorlageform, eine chronologische Liste der Inkunabeln und Postinkunabeln sowie ein Index nominum.
Serum angiopoietin-2 levels in dogs with splenic haemangiosarcoma, haemangioma, and splenitis
Authors: Wongsuttawas Supissara , Brikshavana Pasakorn , Durongphongtorn Sumit , Techangamsuwan Somporn
Published: May 2021

Haemangioma (HA) and haemangiosarcoma (HSA) are among the most common splenic neoplasms in dogs. The survival time in splenic HSA is short, probably due to the lack of proper biological markers allowing early detection. We investigated the serum angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) concentrations in 9 healthy dogs and 40 dogs with abnormal splenic masses. The Ang-2 concentration differences were further compared in healthy dogs, dogs with splenitis, splenic HA and HSA. The results showed that the Ang-2 level in healthy dogs was significantly lower than in the splenitis and splenic HA cases. Moreover, the Ang-2 level was significantly higher in splenic HA than in splenic HSA. Conversely, no significant differences in Ang-2 level were recorded between healthy and splenic HSA dogs, and between splenitis and splenic neoplasms (HA and HSA). No significant correlations were observed between the Ang-2 level and (i) the clinical stage, (ii) histological growth pattern, and (iii) median survival time of splenic HSA dogs. In conclusion, serum Ang-2 concentration is a potentially useful biological marker for the discrimination of dogs with splenitis and splenic HA, as well as for the differentiation of splenic HA from its malignant form, HSA.
Village Voices: Public Hearings as Ethnographic Data in Border Village Communities
Authors: Mészáros Csaba
Published: May 2021

The aim of the present study is to demonstrate the usefulness of, and the lessons that can be learned from, a type of source that has been insufficiently analyzed and used to date — that is, the minutes of local councils, and of public hearings in particular. Data from 29 sets of minutes from four neighboring small settlements in the Hungarian-Slovenian border region (Apátistvánfalva, Kétvölgy, Kondorfa, and Orfalu) suggest that the use and inclusion in research of the text corpus that comprises the large available quantities of such sources can effectively supplement, although not replace, ethnographic fieldwork based on participant observation. At the same time, the examination of this text corpus, along with other internal sources belonging to the local public sphere, makes it possible to construct an image of the internal workings of a settlement and the dynamics of its power relations that would not otherwise be accessible for study.
Ear mucormycosis. Initial manifestation of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Uceda Carrascosa L. , Navarro Paule M.P. , Sánchez Frías M. , Padilla Torres J.F.
Published: May 2021

Mucormycosis is an angioinvasive opportunistic fungal infection, produced by the Mucorales, which occurs mainly in diabetic and immunocompromised patients and can affect any organ or tissue.
Within the location of the head and neck, the presentation at the nasal and paranasal sinuses is the most common, the clinical manifestation of mucormycosis at the ear level being exceptional. The figures reveal a high mortality despite antifungal and surgical treatment, due to its aggressive nature and its rapid orbital and cerebral extension. We present a case of a patient diagnosed with malignant otitis externa due to mucor with facial paralysis, being the first manifestation of her diabetes and which evolved favorably after surgery, treatment with amphotericin B and with thorough glycemic control.
Regarding of legislation on Cellular Therapy. A case report
Authors: Orozco Delclós L. , Soler Rich R. , Rius Tarruella J.
Published: May 2021

This manuscript is centered on novel aspects of the legislation on “Cell Therapy” through the case of a patient who underwent intrarticular treatment with an uncharacterized cellular product from which complications arose. It aims to alert the medical community that could act outside the regulations concerning advanced therapies, implying a risk of iatrogenic actions and consequent litigation processes. The commercial expansion of devices that offer cellular products without the control of the Health Administration makes it advisable to pay extreme attention to these legislative aspects.
The experience in pediatric patients with eating disorder for 10 years
Authors: Ramírez-Sánchez F. , Jaimez-Pérez S. , Gil-Campos M. , Flores-Rojas K.
Published: May 2021

Aim: In recent years, there has been a remarkable increase in eating disorders among pediatric patients. The identification of certain clinical profiles allows us to better understand predisposing or triggering factors, as well as disorder prognosis in this age range. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to describe the patterns of pediatric patients with eating disorders to improve the approach of Pediatricians for these early-onset disorders and promote protocolized interventions as an essential tool to improve the health of these children.
Methods: A retrospective study of pediatric patients diagnosed with eating disorders from 2009 to 2019 in a third-level pediatric hospital evaluated the demographic, biographical, anthropometric, psychiatric, and clinical characteristics, as well as others related to diagnosis and treatment.
Results: Symptoms among children are similar to those experienced by adults and adolescents; however, incomplete forms of the disease are more frequent in children. The main differences between the age groups include a more equitable sex ratio, a shorter time evolution of the disease before diagnosis, less deterioration of overall health state in the first evaluation and a shorter duration of the disorder.
Conclusions: The best prognosis in children could be explained by the closer medical follow-up of these patients and their better adherence to treatment, the early intervention of parents and higher dependence on their caregivers in food choices and intake. In addition, greater plasticity for psychological treatment and coordination of the multidisciplinary team in the care process also contributed the observed trend.
Tensile response of Ultra High Performance PE Fiber Reinforced Concretes (PE-UHPFRC) under imposed shrinkage deformations
Authors: Hajiesmaeili A. , Hafiz M. A. , Denarié E.
Published: May 2021

PE-UHPFRC is a new Ultra High-Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC), which is developed to reduce the environmental impact of conventional UHPFRC by replacing the steel fibers with synthetic ones and reducing the clinker content in the mix. The development of the dynamic elastic modulus, the evolution of free autogenous deformations and the eigenstresses development with age, under full and partial restraint conditions, were investigated for PE-UHPFRC and the results were put into perspective with that for conventional UHPFRC with steel fibers. Furthermore, the tensile responses of different mixes under imposed shrinkage were compared and discussed. The results showed a shorter setting time and consequently an earlier initiation of elastic modulus development for PE-UHPFRC compared with that of conventional UHPFRC. Furthermore, the developed eigenstresses under full restraint conditions in a PE-UHPFRC layer compared with that for conventional UHPFRC were reduced by more than 70%, which is highly beneficial especially for cast-in-place rehabilitation applications.
National Estimates of CKD Prevalence and Potential Impact of Estimating Glomerular Filtration Rate Without Race
Authors: Duggal Vishal , Thomas I-chun , Montez-Rath Maria E. , Chertow Glenn M. , Kurella Tamura Manjula
Published: May 2021

Significance Statement

The adjustment for Black race in equations to estimate GFR is controversial. We found that the prevalence of CKD among US Black adults would double if race adjustment were removed. The change could affect up to 40% of Black adults using common medications for which dose adjustments are recommended on the basis of kidney function. Accuracy of a prognostic model for kidney failure remained high without race adjustment, and was improved at higher levels of predicted risk. This study suggests that estimating GFR without race adjustment could lead to sizable changes in clinical care and population health strategies for Black adults.

Background

The implications of removing the adjustment for Black race in equations to eGFR on the prevalence of CKD and management strategies are incompletely understood.

Methods

We estimated changes in CKD prevalence and the potential effect on therapeutic drug prescriptions and prediction of kidney failure if race adjustment were removed from the CKD-EPI GFR estimating equation. We used cross-sectional and longitudinal data from adults aged ≥18 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2015 to 2016, and the Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System in 2015. In the VA cohort, we assessed use of common medications that require dose adjustment on the basis of kidney function, and compared the prognostic accuracy of the Kidney Failure Risk Equation with versus without race adjustment of eGFR.

Results

The prevalence of CKD among Black adults increased from 5.2% to 10.6% in NHANES, and from 12.4% to 21.6% in the VA cohort after eliminating race adjustment. Among Black veterans, 41.0% of gabapentin users, 33.5% of ciprofloxacin users, 24.0% of metformin users, 6.9% of atenolol users, 6.6% of rosuvastatin users, and 5.8% of tramadol users were reclassified to a lower eGFR for which dose adjustment or discontinuation is recommended. Without race adjustment of eGFR, discrimination of the Kidney Failure Risk Equation among Black adults remained high and calibration was marginally improved overall, with better calibration at higher levels of predicted risk.

Conclusions

Removal of race adjustment from CKD-EPI eGFR would double the estimated prevalence of CKD among Black adults in the United States. Such a change is likely to affect a sizeable number of drug-dosing decisions. It may also improve the accuracy of kidney failure risk prediction among higher-risk Black adults.
Trends in Mortality on Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: SCHAUBEL DOUGLAS E. , FENTON STANLEY S. A.
Published: May 2021

Several technical and nontechnical improvements in peritoneal dialysis (PD) have occurred during recent years. Since few previous studies have examined trends in PD mortality over time, and to determine whether enhancements in PD have translated into improved patient outcomes, mortality rates among the 17,900 patients receiving PD in Canada during the period 1981-1997 were analyzed. Mortality rate ratios (RR) were estimated using Poisson regression, adjusting for age, race, gender, primary renal diagnosis, follow-up time, and type of PD (continuous ambulatory/cyclic versus intermittent). Adjusted mortality rates decreased significantly by calender period, the reduction being monotonic: RR = 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75 to 0.87 for 1986-1989; RR = 0.73, 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.78 for 1990-1993; RR = 0.63, 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.67 for 1994-1997, with 1981-1985 serving as the reference period (RR = 1, fixed). The improvement in mortality was fairly consistent across patient subpopulations. When analyzed separately by follow-up time window, the mortality decrease was strongest in the first 12 mo after renal replacement therapy initiation. Supplementary analysis revealed that the trend in mortality rates was not attributable to corresponding trends in transplantation or technique failure rates, or modality switching patterns. Results were quite similar whether based on an “as-treated” or “intent-to-treat” analysis. More extensive data on practice patterns would empower future studies to elucidate the cause/effect relationship between PD practice patterns and patient survival.
Trimetazidine Reduces Renal Dysfunction by Limiting the Cold Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Autotransplanted Pig Kidneys
Authors: HAUET THIERRY , GOUJON JEAN-MICHEL , VANDEWALLE ALAIN , BAUMERT HERVE , LACOSTE LOUIS , TILLEMENT JEAN-PAUL , EUGENE MICHEL , CARRETIER MICHEL
Published: May 2021

Ischemia/reperfusion injury leads to delayed graft function, which is a major problem in kidney transplantation. This study investigated the effects of adding trimetazidine (TMZ) to the perfusate of cold-stored kidneys on the function of reperfused autotransplanted pig kidney. The left kidney was removed and cold-flushed with Euro-Collins (EC), or University of Wisconsin (UW) solutions with or without 10-6M TMZ and stored for 48 h at 4°C. The kidneys were then autotransplanted and the contralateral kidneys were removed. Several parameters were analyzed over the 14 d after transplantation. The survival rate was 57% in pigs transplanted with kidneys cold-flushed with UW and 43% for those flushed with EC solution; it was 100% for pigs having kidneys cold-flushed with TMZ-supplemented UW and EC solutions. The functions of the transplanted kidneys were also better preserved after cold flush with TMZ-supplemented solutions than with TMZ-free solutions. Creatinine clearance was higher and the urinary excretion of trimethylamine-N-oxide and dimethylamine, used as markers of renal medulla injury, were lower in animals transplanted with kidneys cold-flushed with TMZ-supplemented solutions than with TMZ-free solutions. The cytoprotective action of TMZ also reduced interstitial and peritubular inflammation and the numbers of infiltrating mononuclear CD45+ and CD3+ T cells. These results indicate that the tissue damage due to ischemia/reperfusion injury may be prevented, at least in part, by adding TMZ to preservation solutions.
Chemokines, Chemokine Receptors, and Renal Disease
Authors: SEGERER STEPHAN , NELSON PETER J. , SCHLO[Combining Diaeresis]NDORFF DETLEF
Published: May 2021

Leukocyte trafficking from peripheral blood into affected tissues is an essential component of the inflammatory reaction to virtually all forms of injury and is an important factor in the development of many kidney diseases. Advances in the past few years have highlighted the central role of a family of chemotactic cytokines called chemokines in this process. Chemokines help to control the selective migration and activation of inflammatory cells into injured renal tissue. Chemokines and their receptors are expressed by intrinsic renal cells as well as by infiltrating cells during renal inflammation. This study summarizes the in vitro and in vivo data on chemokines and chemokine receptors in renal diseases with a special focus on potential therapeutic effects on inflammatory processes.
Regulation of Connective Tissue Growth Factor Activity in Cultured Rat Mesangial Cells and Its Expression in Experimental Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis
Authors: RISER BRUCE L. , DENICHILO MARK , CORTES PEDRO , BAKER CATHRYN , GRONDIN JANET M. , YEE JERRY , NARINS ROBERT G.
Published: May 2021

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a peptide secreted by cultured endothelial cells and fibroblasts when stimulated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and is overexpressed during fibrotic processes in coronary arteries and in skin. To determine whether CTGF is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic glomerulosclerosis, cultured rat mesangial cells (MC) as well as kidney cortex and microdissected glomeruli were examined from obese, diabetic db/db mice and their normal counterparts. Exposure of MC to recombinant human CTGF significantly increased fibronectin and collagen type I production. Furthermore, unstimulated MC expressed low levels of CTGF message and secreted minimal amounts of CTGF protein (36 to 38 kD) into the media. However, sodium heparin treatment resulted in a greater than fourfold increase in media-associated CTGF, suggesting that the majority of CTGF produced was cell- or matrix-bound. Exposure of MC to TGF-β, increased glucose concentrations, or cyclic mechanical strain, all causal factors in diabetic glomerulosclerosis, markedly induced the expression of CTGF transcripts, while recombinant human CTGF was able to autoinduce its own expression. TGF-β and high glucose, but not mechanical strain, stimulated the concomitant secretion of CTGF protein, the former also inducing abundant quantities of a small molecular weight form of CTGF (18 kD) containing the heparin-binding domain. The induction of CTGF protein by a high glucose concentration was mediated by TGF-β, since a TGF-β-neutralizing antibody blocked this stimulation. In vivo studies using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR demonstrated that although CTGF transcripts were low in the glomeruli of control mice, expression was increased 28-fold after approximately 3.5 mo of diabetes. This change occurred early in the course of diabetic nephropathy when mesangial expansion was mild, and interstitial disease and proteinuria were absent. A substantially reduced elevation of CTGF mRNA (twofold) observed in whole kidney cortices indicated that the primary alteration of CTGF expression was in the glomerulus. These results suggest that CTGF upregulation is an important factor in the pathogenesis of mesangial matrix accumulation and progressive glomerulosclerosis, acting downstream of TGF-β.
Chronic Activation of Glomerular Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats
Authors: HAMAGUCHI AKINORI , KIM SHOKEI , IZUMI YASUKATSU , IWAO HIROSHI
Published: May 2021

The in vivo role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in the development of glomerular injury is poorly understood. In the present study, glomerular MAPK activities, including extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNK), and transcriptional factor, activator protein-1 (AP-1) were examined in glomerular injury of salt-induced hypertensive rats. Six-week-old Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl-S) and salt-resistant (Dahl-R) rats were maintained on a high-salt (8.0% NaCl) diet for 1, 5, and 10 wk. In Dahl-S rats, as shown by in-gel kinase assay, an increase in BP by a high-salt diet was followed by chronic activation of glomerular ERK and JNK, which continued until 10 wk after a high-salt diet. Western blot analysis demonstrated a significant increase in the protein expression of glomerular ERK and JNK in Dahl-S rats fed a high-salt diet. As determined by gel-mobility shift assay, ERK and JNK activations were associated with an increase in glomerular AP-1 DNA binding activity. On the other hand, in Dahl-R rats fed a high-salt diet, BP remained normal throughout the experiments. However, glomerular ERK and JNK activities and AP-1 DNA binding activity in Dahl-R rats were not affected by 1 or 5 wk of a high-salt diet, but significantly increased by 10 wk of treatment with a high-salt diet, indicating that chronic sodium overload itself stimulated glomerular ERK and JNK and AP-1 activities. These kinase activations in both Dahl-S and Dahl-R rats were accompanied by an increase in urinary protein excretion and renal growth. These observations provide the first evidence that salt-sensitive hypertension causes chronic activation of glomerular ERK and JNK, probably leading to the activation of AP-1. Thus, glomerular MAPK may be responsible for the development of salt-induced glomerular injury.
A Small N-Terminal 60-kD Fragment of gp600 (Megalin), the Major Autoantigen of Active Heymann Nephritis, Can Induce a Full-Blown Disease
Authors: OLEINIKOV ANDREW V. , FELIZ BRADY J. , MAKKER SUDESH P.
Published: May 2021

Active Heymann nephritis of rat, an autoimmune glomerular disease, is an immunohistological, ultrastructural, and clinical model of human membranous glomerulonephritis. Both diseases in their full-blown form are characterized by (1) the formation of large, subepithelial glomerular immune deposits, which stain for IgG, C3, and membrane attack (C5b-9) components of complement and (2) the excretion of large amounts of protein in the urine (proteinuria). The target autoantigen of active Heymann nephritis is a large transmembrane renal glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 600 kD, variously named gp600, gp330, LRP-2, or “megalin.” This study was performed to identify the region in this enormously large glycoprotein that would produce full-blown active Heymann nephritis. A stable, small (60-kD) proteolytic fragment of gp600 was isolated and localized to the N-terminal end of the molecule using Western blot, sequencing, and amino acid analyses. Based on its primary structure, this fragment contains approximately 60 cysteine residues, the cross-linking of which to each other probably explains its stability. Immunization of rats with this fragment induced a full-blown disease that was comparable to the disease induced by a preparation containing the whole protein. These results indicate that this small fragment, retaining the natural disulfide bonds and probably its overall structure, contains those B and T cell epitopes that are sufficient to produce this organ-specific autoimmune disease.
Nitric Oxide Synthase Isoforms and Glomerular Hyperfiltration in Early Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: VEELKEN ROLAND , HILGERS KARL F. , HARTNER ANDREA , HAAS ALEXANDER , BO[Combining Diaeresis]HMER KIRSTEN P. , STERZEL R. BERND
Published: May 2021

This study tested the hypothesis that nitric oxide (NO)-mediated renal vasodilation due to the activity of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) contributes to glomerular hyperfiltration in diabetic rats. Two weeks after induction of diabetes mellitus by streptozotocin, mean arterial BP (MAP), GFR (inulin clearance), and renal plasma flow (RPF) (para-aminohippurate clearance) were measured in conscious instrumented rats. Diabetic rats had elevated GFR (3129 ± 309 μl/min versus 2297 ± 264 μl/min in untreated control rats, P < 0.05) and RPF (10526 ± 679 μl/min versus 8005 ± 534 μl/min), which was prevented by chronic insulin treatment. Intravenous administration of 0.1 and 1 mg of L-imino-ethyl-lysine (L-NIL), an inhibitor of iNOS, did not affect MAP, GFR, or RPF, either in diabetic or control rats. A higher L-NIL dose (10 mg) increased MAP and decreased RPF in diabetic rats significantly (n = 6, P < 0.05), but not in controls (n = 6). In addition, 0.1 mg of N
G-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a nonselective blocker of NOS isoforms, decreased GFR (2389 ± 478 μl/min) and RPF (7691 ± 402 μl/min) in diabetic animals to control levels, while renal hemodynamics in normoglycemic rats were not altered. Higher L-NAME doses (1 and 10 mg) reduced GFR and RPF in diabetic and control rats to identical levels. In glomeruli isolated from diabetic and control rats, neither iNOS mRNA nor iNOS protein expression was detected. In contrast, increased protein levels of endothelial constitutive NOS (ecNOS) were found in glomeruli of diabetic rats compared with controls. By immunohistochemistry, ecNOS but not iNOS staining was observed in the endothelium of preglomerular vessels and in diabetic glomeruli. These results support the notion that increased NO availability due to greater abundance of ecNOS contributes to the pathogenesis of glomerular hyperfiltration in early experimental diabetic nephropathy. In contrast, we found no functional or molecular evidence for increased glomerular expression and activity of iNOS in diabetic rats.
The Co-Evaluation of Endometrial Karyorrhexis and Uterus Congestion after Erythropoietin Effect on Uterine Ischemia Reperfusion Injury
Authors: C Τsompos , C Panoulis , K Τοutouzas , A Triantafyllou , CG Ζografos , A Papalois
Published: May 2021

Aim: This study co-evaluated the 2 quoted histologic variables after erythropoietin (Epo) administration. The calculation was based on the results of 2 preliminary studies, each one evaluating a respective histologic variable of endometrial karyorrhexis (EK) or uterus congestion (UC) in an induced ischemia reperfusion (IR) animal experiment.
Corrigendum: POPIA Code of Conduct for Research
Authors: Adams Rachel , Adeleke Fola , Anderson Dominique , Bawa Ahmed , Branson Nicola , Christoffels Alan , De Vries Jantina , Etheredge Harriet , Flack-Davison Eleni , Gaffley Mark , Marks Monique , Mdhluli Mongezi , Mahomed Safia , Molefe Mapitso , Muthivhi Tshilidzi , Ncube Caroline , Olckers Antonel , Papathanasopoulos Maria , Pillay Jane , Schonwetter Tobias , Singh Jerome Amir , Swanepoel Carmen , Ramsay Michèle
Published: May 2021

Jerome Amir Singh's affiliation was erroneously given as: Centre for Medical Ethics and Law, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa. Thecorrect affiliation is: School of Law, Howard College, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
The error appears in the Discussion Document by Adams et al. [https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2021/10933] on Page 1 under Affiliations (no. 22) and on Page 11 in the table under Authors' information, as well as in the accompanying Commentary by Adams et al. [https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2021/10935] in Table 1 on Page 3.
„Habaner“ Ofenkacheln auf der Burg Čabraď
Authors: Rakonczay Rita
Published: May 2021

Im Gebiet des ehemaligen Königreichs Ungarn gehören vier, komplett erhaltenen Öfen mit blauen und weißen Glasuren zu den ältesten ungarischen Heizanlagen, die von der Forscher als Habanerprodukt identifiziert wurden. Obwohl ein komplett erhaltener Ofen in der ungarischen Kachelofenforschung eine Seltenheit darstellt, bekamen die Verhältnisse, die Ursprünge oder die Datierung der Öfen keine bedeutende Rolle in Untersuchungen. Die Öfen haben sich in Sammlungen erhalten, deswegen konnten die archäologischen Ergebnisse bei diesen Fragen auch nicht helfen. Auf der Burg Čabraď kamen aber Ofenkacheln vor, die sich zu den Öfen ähneln, aber sie stammen aus der mit Münzen datierten Schichtenreihe. In dieser Art und  Weise könnten die archäologischen Methoden bei der Datierung und bei der Untersuchung der erhaltenen Öfen auch helfen.
New excavation of the Roman Age settlement at Budapest dist. XVII, Péceli út (15127) site
Authors: Simon Bence , Benes Anita , Joháczi Szilvia , Barna Ferenc
Published: May 2021

In autumn 2019 the staff of the Institute of Archaeological Sciences conducted a rescue excavation in the suburbs of Budapest, on the territory of Pécel. Based on the long research history of the investigated site (Budapest dist. XVII, Péceli út) a settlement of the Imperial Period was expected. The excavation confirmed the expectations and two buildings, several ditches, an outdoor oven and numerous refuse pits were unearthed from the 3rd–4th century AD. The features contained many Samian ware fragments, which shed light on the Roman-Barbarian trade relations during the middle Imperial Period.
Complex, household-based analysis of the stone tools of Polgár-Csőszhalom
Authors: Faragó Norbert
Published: May 2021

Abstract of PhD thesis submitted in 2019 to the Archaeology Doctoral Programme, Doctoral School of History, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest under the supervision of Pál Raczky and Zsolt Mester.
‘...circa Danubium...’ from the Late Avar Age until the Early Árpádian Age: 8th–11th-Century Settlements in the Region of the Central Part of the Hungarian Little Plain and the Danube Bend
Authors: Merva Szabina
Published: May 2021

Abstract and further consideration of the PhD thesis submitted in the winter of 2018 to the Archaeology Doctoral Programme, Doctoral School of History, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest under the supervision of Miklós Takács.
Noble Residences in the 15 th century Hungarian Kingdom: The Castles of Várpalota, Újlak and Kisnána in the Light of Architectural Prestige Representation
Authors: Nagy Szabolcs Balázs
Published: May 2021

Abstract of PhD thesis submitted in 2019 to the Archaeology Doctoral Programme, Doctoral School of History, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest under the supervision of István Feld.
Excavations in the legionary fortress of Brigetio in 2019
Authors: Bartus Dávid , Borhy László , Joháczi Szilvia , Számadó Emese
Published: May 2021

In 2019 the excavations in Brigetio focused on the area of the northern gate of the legionary fortress, as the geophysical surveys conducted in the previous year allowed the identification of both the porta praetoria and the via praetoria leading through it. These fieldworks, beside providing new information on the topography of the legionary fortress regarding the porta praetoria and the via praetoria, were also significant from a methodological point of view as they allowed the verification of the results of geophysical surveys conducted in the area earlier, thus contributing greatly to the planning and fine-tuning of future measurements.
Die mediterranen Kontakte des Karpatenbeckens in der Früh- und Mittelawarenzeit im Licht der Männerkleidung
Authors: Samu Levente
Published: May 2021

Abstract of PhD thesis submitted in 2020 to the Archaeology Doctoral Programme, Doctoral School of History, Eötvös Loránd University under the supervision of Tivadar Vida, Budapest and to the Institute of the Prehistory and Medieval Archaeology at the Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg (Breisgau) under the supervision of Sebastian Brather.
Protocol for characterization of morphology, electrophysiology, and synaptology of mouse stellate ganglion neurons v2
Authors: Tsanhani Amit , Cho Youngjin , Sullivan Aidan , Tappan Susan , D Tompkins John
Published: May 2021

The stellate is a thoracic sympathetic ganglion supplying autonomic innervation to cells, tissues and organs of the upper thorax; including, but not limited to, the brachial sweat glands, mammary glands, cardiomyocytes, and sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. We sampled individual cells of the mouse right stellate ganglion with intracellular microelectrodes to create a topographic atlas of ganglion neuron structure and function. Membrane potential recordings, during stimulation of presynaptic nerves, were paired with confocal imaging of single cells, backfilled with fluorescent dyes, to quantify cell morphology, membrane physiology, and synaptology of the individual cells. The cellular database, including localization and projection of each cell, will be shared publicly through a link in the manuscript, which will be appended to this protocol once published. In the accompanying manuscript, we describe unique populations of cardiac-projecting stellate neurons and detail the heterogenous population of neurons comprising this ganglion which is vital to sympathetic control of the heart.The methods used in this study are detailed here.
How to make a cup of tea v1
Authors: not provided ines.boehm
Published: May 2021

This protocol is part of the Record Keeping lesson within the FAIR in (biological) practice DataCarpentry course. Here we explore the perfect protocol to brew tea.
O surgimento da Cracolândia como problema público: O desenvolvimento do mercado lucrativo do crack e sua exploração político-midiática
Authors: Delgado Alves Ygor Diego , Gomes Pereira Pedro Paulo
Published: May 2021

Neste artigo, analisamos as duas primeiras décadas da Cracolândia, localizada no Centro de São Paulo, do início dos anos 1990 a 2010, em busca da elaboração de um histórico dos interesses criados em torno do local. Para tanto, nos valemos de trabalhos acadêmicos, literários e jornalísticos publicados sobre a região nesse período e vemos como a sua presença na mídia possibilitou uma série de medidas punitivas do poder público que permitiram a exposição de personalidades políticas e promessas de valorização imobiliária. Concluímos que as ações do poder público na Cracolândia estiveram articuladas com interesses do mercado imobiliário, além de responderem a apelos da mídia.
Efficacy and safety of adjuvant therapy with nivolumab or placebo in high-risk patients with muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma after radical surgery: review of the first results of the randomized phase III trial CheckMate 274
Authors: Volkova M. I. , Olshanskaya A. S. , Kalinin S. A.
Published: May 2021

This article analyzes first results of the randomized phase III clinical trial CheckMate 274 that has demonstrated the advantage of adjuvant immunotherapy with nivolumab, a PD-1 inhibitor, over placebo in high-risk patients with muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma after radical surgery
Clinical and morphological features of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: implications for treatment, prognosis and relapse of the disease (literature review)
Authors: Pshikhachev A. M. , Mikhaleva L. M. , Gusniev M. A. , Pechnikova V. V. , Polyanko N. I. , Sorokin N. I. , Kamalov A. A.
Published: May 2021

This review of bladder cancer describes modern clinical and pathologic features of the neoplasm, reports new data about treatment and prognosis of this disease.
Atlantis exploration: predictive biomarkers to immunotherapy response
Authors: Nosov A. K. , Krotov N. F. , Berkut M. V.
Published: May 2021

The emergence and continuous development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy brings a revolution in cancer therapy history including urothelial carcinoma. Early accurate targeting and adequate treatment are critical to patient prognosis and overall survival. To overcome these limitations, two strategies are actively being pursued: identification of predictive biomarkers for clinical response to ICIs and multi-pronged combination therapies. Biomarkers might allow clinicians to practice a precision medicine approach in ICIs (biomarkerbased patient selection). The development of predictive biomarkers is needed to optimize patient benefit, minimize risk of toxicities, and guide combination approaches.

The greatest focus in clinical trials and reviews has been on tumor-cell PD-L1 expression. Although PD-L1 positivity enriches for populations with clinical benefit, PD-L1 testing alone is insufficient for patient selection in most malignancies. In this review, we discuss the status of PD-L1 testing and explore emerging data on new biomarker strategies with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, mutational burden, immune gene signatures, microsatellite instability and molecular subtypes.
Charles Brenton Huggins. Francis Peyton Rous
Authors: Karyakin O. B.
Published: May 2021

The article is dedicated to two Nobel laureates Charles Brenton Huggins and Francis Peyton Rous.

Charles Huggins research on prostate cancer has changed the attitude of scientists to understanding the development of all malignant cells and for the first time gave hope for the prospect of treating advanced forms of cancer. Dr. Huggins' was a pioneer in the understanding of the physiology and biochemistry of the male urinary tract and was able to extend his discoveries from this area to many other areas. In 1966, Dr. Huggins received the Nobel Prize for his research on the relationship between hormones and prostate cancer.

Francis Peyton Rous discovered that sarcomas in chickens can be transmitted by birds of the same inbred population not only by inoculating tumor cells, but also by injecting a submicroscopic agent extracted from them. This discovery gave rise to the viral theory of cancer causality. He was able to prove that some “spontaneous” chicken tumors, apparently classic neoplasms, are actually triggered and controlled by viruses that also determine their shape.

In 1966, Dr. Huggins received the Nobel Prize (with virologist Peyton Rous) for his research on the relationship between hormones and prostate cancer. The Nobel Committee cited his fundamental discoveries concerning the hormonal dependence of normal and neoplastic cells in experimental animals and their immediate practical application for the treatment of human prostate and breast cancer. In 1966, Peyton Rose was awarded the Nobel Prize.
Role of Marginal Ridge Shape and Contact Extent in Proximal Caries Between Primary Molars
Authors: Cho Vanessa Y , King Nigel M , Anthonappa Robert P
Published: May 2021

Objectives: To determine different combinations of marginal ridge shape (MRS) and contact extents in nature of the contact between primary molars and its correlation with the presence of carious lesions on radiographic examination of approximal surfaces. Study design: Retrospective study of 347 clinical records, including photographs and bitewing radiographs, were assessed for intact MRS and caries extent. The carious lesions were scored (0–5, Mejàre scoring system) radiographically and correlated to the intact MRS on clinical photographs, and strength of associations quantified using logistic regression analysis and chi-square tests. Results: Primary molars, 848(contact extent), and 757(MRS) were analyzed. Combination of straight-convex(35.4%) MRS was more common (p<0.001). None of the approximal surfaces were caries-free for straight and straight MRS with 36.4% of both approximal surfaces exhibiting caries in enamel, and 38.2% of one approximal surface exhibiting caries in dentin. Approximately 90% of the primary molars with substantial contacts exhibited carious lesions in the enamel and 80% with light contacts exhibited carious lesions in the dentin (p<0.001). Conclusion: Six different combinations of intact MRS were identified. Combination of concave-convex shapes exhibited caries extending into dentin. Substantial and/or light contacts between primary molars showed higher caries experience in the approximal surfaces.
Characterization of Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Anterior Teeth with Varying Levels of Root Resorption
Authors: Chhabra Rachaita , Rao Shama , Kumar B Mohana , Shetty A. Veena , Hegde Amitha M. , Bhandary Meghna
Published: May 2021

Background: Deciduous teeth undergo the physiologic process of resorption, during which the remnant pulp undergoes activation. However, the quality of stem cells obtained at various stages of root resorption has not been documented. Objective: To isolate and characterize stem cells from deciduous teeth with varying levels of root resorption. Study design: Healthy primary anterior teeth were extracted according to the treatment needs of the patient. The teeth were categorized into SHED(1/3)- teeth with 0 to 1/3rd root resorption, SHED(2/3)- teeth with 1/3rd to 2/3rd root resorption, and SHED(COMP)- teeth with more than 2/3rd root resorption. SHED were characterized based on their morphology, viability, proliferation rate, population doubling time, expression of cell surface markers, and in vitro differentiation potential into osteocytes and adipocytes. Results: SHED from all three groups demonstrated largely similar morphological and cellular characteristics. However, SHED(2/3) showed relatively better characteristics in terms of growth kinetics and phenotypic marker expression. Also, the differentiation ability for osteogenic and adipogenic cell lineages was slightly higher in SHED(1/3) and SHED(2/3) compared with SHED(COMP). Conclusion: Based on the cellular, phenotypic and biological characteristics, it is suggested that SHED (2/3) could be a useful source for tissue regeneration, and warrants further investigations.
Controle interno de convencionalidade: uma análise crítica sobre os avanços, limites e desafios à aplicação do instituto no Brasil
Authors: Marques Miguel Ângelo
Published: May 2021

Resumo: O controle interno de convencionalidade vem se afirmando como uma ferramenta imprescindível para assegurar a prevalência das disposições contidas em convenções internacionais de direitos humanos, insertas e vigentes no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, sobre a legislação interna. Embora represente um avanço importante no processo de humanização do direito nacional, existem, certamente, alguns aspectos que precisam ser discutidos. O presente artigo tem como objetivo realizar um estudo sobre os avanços, limites e desafios à aplicação do instituto no Brasil. Utilizou-se, para tanto, da revisão bibliográfica e da análise da jurisprudência nacional e estrangeira sobre a matéria. Conclui, por meio do método indutivo, que certos obstáculos encontrados atualmente na jurisprudência do Colendo Supremo Tribunal Federal, assim como na visão de parcela da doutrina, podem e devem ser superados.Palavras-chave: controle interno de convencionalidade, direito internacional dos humanos, diálogo das Cortes, normas constitucionais inconvencionais.Abstract: The internal control of conventionality has been consolidated as a crucial tool to ensure the prevalence of the provisions contained in international conventions on human rights, inserted and in force in the Brazilian legal system, over the domestic legislation. Despite representing an important advance in the humanization process of national law, there is still a lack of discussion on some issues. This paper aims to carry out a study on the advances, limits and challenges to the application of the system in Brazil, based on a bibliographic review and analysis of the national and foreign jurisprudence on the matter. Finally, supported by an inductive method, it concludes that some obstacles currently found both in the jurisprudence of the Brazilian honorable Federal Supreme Court and in the view of part of the doctrine can and must be overcome.Keywords: internal control of conventionality, international human rights, dialogue of the Courts, unconventional constitutional rules.