bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Słuszność i obowiązek w systemie etyki W. D. Rossa
Authors: Soldenhoff Stanisław
Published: June 2020

The subject of the present article, which presents a part of a Doctor Thesis dealing with the ethics of W. D. Ross, are some selected problems of the deontological part of that ethical system. The analysis relates to Ross’s attitude in meta-ethics, as well as his concepts in the sphere of normative ethics.
Obrachunek i nakazy, uczciwość i dobroć
Authors: Tatarkiewicz Władysław
Published: June 2020

The main purpose of this paper is to differentiate some important ideas of morals. It distinguishes 1. between the four types of ethical judgements: on values, on rightness, on morality and on merit; 2. between the three possible bases of the right behaviour: moral feeling, moral calculus and moral dictate; 3. Between the two kinds of moral dictates: dictates of honesty and dictates of goodness. The paper explains as well the idea of unuseful values and of values which do not require to be aimed at.
W sprawie deontologii pracownika naukowego
Authors: Czeżowski Tadeusz
Published: June 2020

Every professional group in society gradually evolves its own set of rules of conduct, running along two lines, the technical and the moral, which together add up to constitute the particular ethics or deontology of that profession. This professional ethics is directly connected with the honour and dignity of the profession, and the person who breaks the rules imposed by the professional code disgraces the honour of his profession; to safeguard that honour, there are special corporational and disciplinary bodies known as the Courts of Honour.
Zasady wymiaru sprawiedliwości w świetle badań empirycznych
Authors: Łoś-Bobińska M.
Published: June 2020

The writer concentrates upon some selected problems of the theoretical analysis of the conception of “justice” and upon practical applications of the idea of justice, above all in penal law. After having quoted some more interesting views and discussions on this conception (e.g. those of Aristotle, Hume, and K. Ajdukiewicz), the writer pays special attention to the conception of universal formula of justice, postulated by Ch. Perelman. Such a formal justice he defines as a principle of action, according to which persons belonging to the same category should be equally treated. However, this conception eliminates neither arbitrarily nor dependence of justice from the acknowledged world-outlook and hierarchy of values. Being an abstract and general conception, it requests a concretisation which consists in choosing one essential category based on an arbitrary selection of essential characteristics.
Performatywy a język prawny i etyczny
Authors: Nowak Leszek
Published: June 2020

The author tries to give an explication of the concept of a performative expression as well to show the practical application of this idea for the analysis of juridical and ethical language.
Międzynarodowy Pakt Praw Ekonomicznych Socjalnych i Kulturalnych a konstytucje krajów europejskich
Authors: Zawadzki Sylwester
Published: June 2020

The author emphasizes importance of the resolution of International Covenant of Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights by the General Assembly of the United Nations Organization on 16th December 1966, that took place at the same day as the resolution of International Covenant of Civil and Political Rights. This consists in overcoming of the doctrine of the 19th century that the development of economic and social rights presents a menace to the realization of political rights which connects in an inseparable way both categories of the above mentioned rights.
Normy moralne w obronie godności człowieka
Authors: Ossowska Maria
Published: June 2020

In order to characterize the conception of dignity, the author quotes some examples of its derogation. The most drastic is the example of its derogation by the staff of concentration camps. Analysis of such examples leads to a formulation that dignity is manifested by those who know to defend certain values, recognized by themselves, when with the defence of these values the sense of their own value is connected. This is a pure formal characteristic. Its content can vary together with variations of values which are defended. Generally, the observation of Hobbes seems to be justified which permits to associate dignity with the feeling of power and to consider self-degradation as a symptom of weakness. The use of the conception of dignity introduces a new scale of values into morality: it divides behaviour into honourable and degrading, while honour and degradation are not measured by the social effect of a deed. Among the known principles securing the dignity of a man two deserve to be mentioned: the principle of Kant which does not allow to consider a man exclusively as a mean leading to an end and the principle of Marx according to which man should be considered as the highest being.
Koncepcja „natury ludzkiej” a współczesne problemy oceny prawa
Authors: Borucka-Arctowa Maria
Published: June 2020

The conception of human nature still retains its previous fascination. The reason is, as the representatives of the doctrine of natural law are convinced, that it may perhaps be used as a criterion of appraising the law and the political institutions.
Romana lngardena filozofia moralności
Authors: Gołaszewska Maria
Published: June 2020

In the philosophical works of Roman Ingarden (1893-1970) ethical questions appear in different contexts and are differently approached, namely: 1) strictly ethical questions considering the nature of moral values, qualities of moral act, etc.: 2) ethical questions implied by the general theory of value, i.e. the mode of existence of moral values, their formal structure, etc.; 3) ontological foundations of ethics, i.e. determinism vs. indeterminism in the realm of real world, etc.; 4) investigations in philosophical anthropology connected with ethical questions, i.e. the structure of person, the problem of responsibility, etc.
Filozofia praktyczna J. M. Hoene Wrońskiego
Authors: Gawecki Bolesław
Published: June 2020

Joseph Maria Hoene Wroński (1776-1853), mathematician and philosopher of Slavonic descent, is author of numerous work written in French, which, as he supposed, could have incited a renewal of human knowledge, and could also point the way to better living of humanity.
Miejsce wiedzy empirycznej w etyce
Authors: Edel Abraham
Published: June 2020

Vast transformations in the conditions of human life and the growth of scientific knowledge call for large-scale reconstruction in morality. This is the historical context for the contemporary problem of the relation between empirical knowledge and ethics. The present paper examines the metaethical aspects of this problem. It is argued that the sharp isolation of ethics from empirical science, representing a philosophical convergence of Kantian, phenomenological and positivist theses, should be seen as a distinctive intellectual program in the 20th century ethics and not as an established theory; that this program has by now had its trial and failed, both on the conceptual and the empirical side; that the program rests on a psychology now abandoned in the progress of science. It is suggested that an opposing integrative program which relates empirical knowledge and ethics is more likely to succeed, that it is better grounded psychologically and stands a better chance of a helping deal with the practical problems of morality in the contemporary world. These several theses are explored in outline, with some indication of the way conceptual frameworks in ethics are to be justified in the long run.
Etyka polska: Z wczesnych poglądów etycznych Jana Hempla
Authors: Szmyd Jan
Published: June 2020

The article is an attempt to reconstruct and reconsider critically the ethical views of J. Hempel as formulated in his early works (1904-14).
Etyka i jej zadania w ujęciu Juliana Ochorowicza
Authors: Tyburski Włodzimierz
Published: June 2020

The article presents ethical views of Julian Ochorowicz (1850-1917), the leading representative of philosophical and social positivism in Poland. Ochorowicz was the author of an unconventional system of scientific ethics. The system consisted of three parts: descriptive ethics and normative ethics, which taken together constitute ethology, and ethnoplastics or the technique of carrying out the injunctions of ethology. Ochorowicz clearly outlined the scope of problems that should be studied by the three parts of the scientific ethics. It had various important theoretical and practical tasks to accomplish. He expected it to make account of moral phenomena, formulate norms of behaviour, and show the ways of practising them. The normative constructions were therefore to be supported by matter-of-fact, comprehensive scientific studies of social morality. But the utmost aims were of practical nature. Ochorowicz hoped to create a system of ethics which could effectively determine behaviour, and revive moral feelings in society in accordance with precepts of ethological foundations. His favourite motto was „Ethics must be realistic”.
Sprawiedliwość i równość
Authors: Hare Richard
Published: June 2020

(1) I adopt Aristotle’s classification of kinds of justice (or senses of the word “just”) into the generic and the particular, and of the latter into retributive and distributive justice.
Teodycea historiozoficzna Augusta Cieszkowskiego
Authors: Curyło-Gonzáles Irena
Published: June 2020

The article discusses a concrete case of historiosophic theodicy, viz. the conception of August Cieszkowski, in order to present the structure of such conceptions and discuss theoretic and practical problems involved in them. The starting point of Cieszkowski’s deliberations on evil is a historical fact. To substantiate for his historiosophic optimism Cleszkowski must find not only the sense of the times in which he was living but must also explain the past, with all its moral evil: social catastrophes, misery, suffering, and toil of the millions of people. Concentration on historical facts does not eliminate from the scope of his deliberations the problem of God’s acceptance of evil. This problem is simply shifted to another plane of reflections.
Umowa społeczna według Jana Jakuba Rousseau
Authors: Porębski Czesław
Published: June 2020

The author starts with recalling, primarily in reliance on Du Contrat social the main clauses of the social contract. Then he advances arguments to show that the text of The Social Contract admits of two interpretations of Rousseau’s theory of the social contract. In the first interpretation, the state which is produced as a result of the contract is viewed as the environment in which man fulfils his moral calling; it is the state that by social actions people can discover and pursue moral values while preserving their individual freedom and sovereignty. The other interpretation implies that Rousseau had little respect for the individual person’s freedom and moral sovereignty, because both the construction of the “political machine” and its first decisive motions are dependent on the law-maker, a factor independent of the contracting parties, who is expected to take care of the unenlightened masses to transform them into a society reminiscent of those of Republican Rome or Sparta. In conclusion, the author advances the conjecture that the tensions pervading the theory of the social contract bad their source In certain deeper beliefs by which Rousseau abode also e his literary and educational work. Those beliefs included his distaste of modern civilization, his belief in the unconditional supremacy of moral values, his admiration of freedom, moral sovereignty and integrity, his belief that freedom is a most fundamental value, and his commitment to the kind of social ties which he saw embodied first in Geneva and most perfectly in Sparta.
Etyka: nowe perspektywy
Authors: Gusiejnow Abdulsalam
Published: June 2020

At the time of great changes the tasks of ethics must also be greatly changed, says the author. He proposes a reinterpretation of the communist ethics by emphasizing its humanist and human character. He underscores the value of life in ethics. He warns that in case when communism clashes with morality the effects can be ominous for morality but even more disastrous for communism. Communism presupposes moral trust among people, he says, and becomes implausible when that trusts has been wasted.
Czego się jeszcze można nauczyć od Tadeusza Kotarbińskiego?
Authors: Dudek Joanna
Published: June 2020

W artykule pragnę zwrócić uwagę na oddziaływanie twórczości T. Kotarbińskiego na dorobek naukowy M. Ossowskiej, w perspektywie polemiki, którą prowadzili między sobą uczeni, a także wskazać na znaczące podo bieństwa między ich stanowiskami, zwłaszcza w sferze wartości. Wskazuję również na dzielące ich różnice m.in. w podejściu do przedmiotu etyki, ujmowaniu charakteru oceny i normy moralnej oraz w wymogach metodologicznych. Zwracam uwagę na wspólną obu filozofom postawę wyrażającą konieczność kształtowania „kręgosłupa moralnego”, niezależnie od okoliczności, polegającą na wierności wyznawanym wartościom. Prezentuję podobieństwa w poglądach etycznych T. Kotarbińskiego i M. Ossowskiej dotyczących etyki walki, w pojmowaniu idei godności i jej wtórności względem innych wartości, w rozumieniu sumienia jako rodzaju wstydu przed pogardą, wreszcie wspólny pogląd na rolę i naturę cnót. Staram się pokazać, że w przypadku obojga myślicieli kompetencje naukowe szły w parze z kompetencjami moralnymi — jasność myślenia z jasnością działania.
Kim jest megalopsychos?
Authors: Łojek Stanisław
Published: June 2020

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przybliżenie tajemniczej i kontrowersyjnej cnoty megalopsychii („wielkoduszności”), którą Arystoteles opisuje w czwartej księdze Etyki nikomachejskiej. Badając jej rodowód (sięgający ethosu starohelleńskiej szlachty) oraz etyczny kontekst, w jakim może ona mieć doniosłość, staram się wykazać, iż dostarcza ona alternatywnego ujęcia cnoty w porównaniu z jej rozumieniem „klasycznym”. A ponieważ to ostatnie opiera się na metafizycznych założeniach, które w dzisiejszych czasach utraciły wiarygodność, właśnie cnota „wielkoduszności” — odwołująca się do znacznie nam bliższych poglądów na naturę rzeczywistości i naturę ludzką — może okazać się pomocna przy rozważaniu możliwości przywrócenia pojęciu cnoty jej etycznego znaczenia.
Moralny horyzont myślenia praktycznego
Authors: Łukomska Agata
Published: June 2020

O ile nie uznajemy moralności za zupełnie irracjonalną, każda jej teoria musi z konieczności zakładać jakąś teorię namysłu praktycznego. Tymczasem próbując opracować tę ostatnią napotykamy poważne problemy; wydaje się, że oceny wyników deliberacji nie możemy dokonywać wyłącznie na podstawie kryteriów stosowanych przy ocenie wyników myślenia teoretycznego, takich jak stopień pewności przyjmowanych przesłanek czy formalna poprawność wnioskowania. Jeśli namysł praktyczny istotnie przebiega zawsze na pozaracjonalnym podłożu żywionych przez jednostkę intuicji i pragnień, to wydaje się, że nie ma nadziei na stworzenie uniwersalnej teorii etycznej. W artykule próbuję z jednej strony wykazać, że namysł praktyczny jest w rzeczy samej tylko częściowo racjonalny, a z drugiej zaproponować wyjście z wynikającego stąd teoretycznego impasu; w moim ujęciu umożliwia je pewna interpretacja Arystotelesowskiej teorii cnoty.
Od różnicy do etyki różnicy. Feministyczna filozofia Luce Irigaray
Authors: Cielemęcka Olga
Published: June 2020

Artykuł zawiera interpretację pojęcia różnicy płciowej w myśli Luce Irigaray, urodzonej w Belgii feministycznej filozofki, psychoanalityczki i lingwistki. Zaproponowane odczytanie tej kategorii polega na wyróżnieniu dwóch jej ujęć: (1) różnicy jako separacji oraz (2) różnicy jako twórczego, produktywnego obszaru spotkania. Rozróżnienie to zostaje użyte dla zbadania możliwości wykorzystania pojęcia różnicy płciowej w następujących kontekstach: po pierwsze, skonstruowania modelu podmiotowości, który przezwyciężałby kryzys wyrażony hasłem „śmierci podmiotu”, polegający na redukcji podmiotu we współczesnej myśli filozoficznej do jego słabej, płynnej bądź też ujarzmionej postaci; po drugie – stworzenia pewnego nowego projektu etycznego.
Feminizm a fenomenologia – w kontekście poszukiwania albo konstruowania kobiecej tożsamości
Authors: Adamiak Marzena
Published: June 2020

Jednym z istotnych współcześnie obszarów oddziaływania fenomenologii jest myśl feministyczna. Związki między feminizmem a fenomenologią obecne są przede wszystkim w refleksji na temat cielesności, tożsamości, a także spotkania z Innym. Interpretacja fenomenologii przez pryzmat współczesnych koncepcji feministycznych umożliwia inspirującą recepcję oraz identyfikowanie problemów fenomenologii z odmiennej perspektywy. Natomiast ponieważ fenomenologia jest sposobem myślenia poprzez poszukiwanie i opis źródłowych doświadczeń, feminizm odnajduje w fenomenologii metodę pozwalającą docierać do istoty kobiecości. Warto więc zapytać, na ile użyteczny jest fenomenologiczny punkt wyjścia dla feministycznego opisu płci kulturowej?
Axiological Intuitionism in the Lvov-Warsaw School
Authors: Brożek Anna
Published: June 2020

The article discusses the metaethical views of the philosophers associated with the Lvov-Warsaw School, namely Tadeusz Czeżowski, Tadeusz Kotarbiński, Marian Przełęcki, and Władysław Tatarkiewicz. The common feature of their views is the presence of axiological intuition, understood as direct cognition of values. The similarities as well as the differences between the views of the mentioned authors are listed. These analyses are preceded by conceptual distinctions between types of intuition and kinds of intuitionism.
Towards Feminist Ethics of Love and the New Emotional Culture of Late Capitalism
Authors: Szachowicz-Sempruch Justyna
Published: June 2020

My paper explores contemporary socio-political aspects of love-as-power within the newly emerging context of feminist ethics of love, as well as in a broader sense of neoliberal commodification of self-centrism and philosophical urgency for articulating love as togetherness, responsibility and solidarity with others. My theoretical analysis begins with the tensions between the early 20th century collective consciousness represented by the feminist socialist formulations of love as responsibility for the outside world and the existentialist anxiety as related to individual alienation. My analysis culminates in the re-emergence of non-monogamous bonding in Europe as a trope for a new precariousness of family enactments extending beyond the nuclear heteronormativity in the 21st century.
Myśląc z lasem.
Authors: Teleżyńska Irena
Published: June 2020

Recenzja książki Eduardo Kohna, How Forests Think. Toward an Anthropology beyond the Human, University of California Press, London, 2013, s. 267
There must be some way out of here…? O koncepcji prawa wyjścia (right to exit)
Authors: Dudek Michał
Published: June 2020

Artykuł przedstawia pojęcia prawa wyjścia (right to exit), które odgrywa jedną z głównych ról w wielu dyskusjach nad wielokulturowością. Prawo wyjścia to prawo każdego członka opresyjnej lub dyskryminującej wspólnoty kulturowej do opuszczenia jej. Artykuł stanowi próbę rekonstrukcji pojęcia prawa wyjścia, która bierze pod uwagę wiele już dyskutowanych kwestii takich, jak, między innymi, sama możliwość wyjścia, jego koszty, konsekwencje i funkcje.
Wartości i klasy społeczne
Authors: Buczkowski Piotr , Nowak Leszek
Published: June 2020

Marxist axiology presupposes the theory of historical materialism: this article is concerned with an adaptive interpretation of the latter. Its concern is reflected in the proposed definition of value: value is the family of classes of states of affairs identified by the relation of preference of an ideal social subject (who represents a certain social category). The article presents the hierarchy of social categories based on the adaptive interpretation of historical materialism: primary classes, secondary classes (comprising, so called, class fractions) strata, etc. In the course of argumentation the aforementioned definition of value becomes more and more realistic and permits ever more precise determination of values accepted in a society.
Egoizm i prawa zwierząt
Authors: Jamieson Dale
Published: June 2020

Jan Narveson has recently suggested that “rational egoism” might provide a defensible moral perspective that would put animals out of the reach of morality without denying that they are capable of suffering. I argue that rational egoism provides a principled indifference to the fate of animals at high cost: the possibility of principled indifference to the fate of „marginal humans”.
Sidgwick i moraliści z Cambridge
Authors: Schneewind Jerome B.
Published: June 2020

Methods of Ethics Sidgwicka wyrosły w dużej mierze z rozważań autora nad pewnym rodzajem argumentu za istnieniem Boga opracowanego (jak pokazuję) przez jego poprzedników z Cambridge zajmujących się filozofią moralną. Twierdzili oni, że Bóg sam nieustannie i coraz wyraźniej objawia się za pośrednictwem zdroworozsądkowego doświadczenia moralnego. Podjęte przez Sidgwicka analizy zdroworozsądkowej moralności podważają tę tezę. Dowodzą one, że zdrowy rozsądek jest zarówno utylitarny, jak i egoistyczny. Żadnego z tych stanowisk nie mogła otwarcie przyjąć moralność chrześcijańska. W rezultacie, moralność zdroworozsądkowa okazuje się niespójna.
On Some Ve-Degree and Harmonic Molecular Topological Properties of Carborundum
Authors: Cancan Murat , Yamaç Kerem , Taş Ziyattin , Aldemir Mehmet Şerif
Published: June 2020

Carborundum, also known as silicon carbide which containing carbon and silicon, is a semiconductor. Molecular topological properties of physical substances are important tools to investigate the underlying topology of these substances. Ev-degree and ve-degree based on the molecular topological indices have been defined as parallel to their corresponding classical degree based topological indices in chemical graph theory. Classical degree based topological properties of carborundum have been investigated recently. As a continuation of these studies, in this study, we compute novel ve-degree harmonic, ve-degree sum-connectivity, ve-degree geometric-arithmetic, and ve-degree atom-bond connectivity, the first and the fifth harmonic molecular topological indices of two carborundum structures.
The Uniqueness of The Early Childhood Education System in Japan
Authors: Mulyadi Budi
Published: June 2020

(Title: The Uniqueness of The Early Childhood Education System in Japan) This study is entitled the uniqueness of the early childhood education system in Japan. The main objective of this research is to find out about some of the uniqueness of the early childhood education system in Japan that is different from other countries. This research is a type of literature study that only relies on data from written sources such as books, journals, articles, and others. Data collection methods used in this study include classification, analysis, interpretation of synthesis and description. From the results of the study, in general, it can be described that the early childhood education system in Japan has much uniqueness. From the results of the study, in general, it can be described that the early childhood education system in Japan has much uniqueness. This uniqueness can be seen in the activities of the beginning of the new school year and how to enter kindergarten, at the entrance ceremony for new students, when doing daily activities in class, when additional activities outside the classroom and when organizing traditional Japanese cultural activities.
Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Kawasan Perkotaan di Kabupaten: Studi Kasus Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Subkhi Wildha Badrus , Mardiansjah Fadjar Hari
Published: June 2020

Many small urban areas experience rapid population growth that create significant challenges in providing infrastructure and urban services. Especially in Java, Indonesia, many small urban centers are formed, grown and developed in the urbanization process of many kabupaten (non-urban districts), so made them have many urban areas in their territory. Using the case of Kabupaten Sleman in Yoogyakarta, this study is aimed to analyzes and to comprehend the growth and development of urban areas in kabupaten’s territory. The research employs a quantitative method that uses statistical data gathered from podes (villages monograph) data, monograph of the kecammatan or sub-districts, and monograph of the kabupaten or non-urban districts.The analysis observes the growth of urban areas in the kabupaten during 1990 to 2010, and the growth and development of the urban areas is observed in twoaspects, namely the observation to the expansion of the urban areas by using the development of their urban villages and the growth of their population. The research reveals that Kabupaten Sleman experiences rapid urban growth in its territory, which is also characterized by urban population explosion, especially after 2000. The growth of urban areas occurs in both internally as well as the expansion of the urban areas into surrounding (externally), which is also influenced by the expansion of the area of the capital of the kabupaten, as well as by the implications of its location adjacent to a big city, the Municiality of Yogyakarta.
Teknik Penilaian Multidimensi untuk Mengevaluasi Keberlanjutan Pengelolaan Hutan Mangrove di Pulau Kangean Provinsi Jawa Timur
Authors: Kuvaini Aang , Hidayat Aceng , Kusmana Cecep , Basuni Sambas
Published: June 2020

Mangrove forests in Kangean Island have ecological, economic and social functions and benefits that must be managed to ensure the sustainability of mangrove forests. This study aims to determine the status of sustainability of mangrove forest management in Kangean Island. The research method used the Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) approach through the Rapid Apraisal for Kangean Mangrove Forest (Rap-KMforest) technique, to evaluate the sustainability of mangrove forests in a multidimensional manner. The results showed that the sustainability status of mangrove forest management in Kangean Island are varied, included the moderately sustainable category (51.40) on the ecological dimension, lack of sustainability (45.50) on the economic dimension, lack of sustainability (36.95) on the social dimension, and moderately sustainable (51.32) on the institutional dimension. Lever attributes whose effects are very sensitive to the sustainability of mangrove forest management are: (1) canopy density; (2) types of land use; (3) market of mangrove forest products; (4) funding of CSR support; (5) social conflict; (6) level of community education; (7) community knowledge about mangrove forests; (8) education about mangrove forests; (9) involvement of community institutions in mangrove management; and (10) formal institutional performance in mangrove management.
About the internal combustion engines forces
Authors: Petrescu Relly Victoria Virgil , Petrescu Florian Ion Tiberiu
Published: June 2020

The paper presents an algorithm to set the parameters of the dynamics of the classic mechanism the main of internal combustion. It shows the distribution of the forces (on the main mechanism of the engine) on engines with internal combustion. Dynamic, the gears can be distributed in the same way as forces. Practically, in the dynamic regimes, the velocities have the same synchronization as forces. The method shall be applied separately for two distinct situations: when the engine is working on a compressor and in the system of the motor. For the two individual cases, two independent formulae are obtained for the dynamic cinematic forces (gearbox). The calculations shall be made for an engine with a single cylinder. The change of speed in the dynamics feels like a variation of the angular speed of the engine. It is more difficult to be taken into account (theoretically) effect on an engine with several cylinders.
New natural antioxidants
Authors: Petrescu Florian Ion Tiberiu , Petrescu Relly Victoria Virgil , Buzea Eleni Mimi
Published: June 2020

Antioxidants are, no doubt, an essential part of an optimal health and even traditional doctors support the importance of an appropriate contribution of antioxidants taken through food. Antioxidants are a category of molecules able to inhibit the oxidation of other molecules. The body distributes various nutrients in the body due to their antioxidant properties and also factory antioxidant enzymes to keep under control the reaction in the chain of free radicals. Some antioxidants are produced by the body, but others don't. In addition, the body's natural ability to produce antioxidants decreases with age. Antioxidants play a significant role for health as it may influence the aging by fighting free radicals. There are antioxidants which can’t be produced in the human body, and to be taken through antioxidant-rich foods, or supplements powerful antioxidant. The paper aims to present some natural sources of oxidants that can be obtained through diet.
Efficacy and safety of dopamine agonists in patients treated with antipsychotics and presenting a macroprolactinoma
Authors: Allard Lucie , Albarel Frédérique , Bertherat Jérôme , Caron Philippe Jean , Cortet Christine , Courtillot Carine , Delemer Brigitte , Jublanc Christel , Maiter Dominique , Nunes Marie Laure , Raverot Gerald , Sarfati Julie , Salenave Sylvie , Corruble Emmanuelle , Choucha Walid , Chanson Philippe
Published: June 2020

Context

In patients treated with antipsychotics, the rare occurrence of a macroprolactinoma represents a therapeutic challenge.

Objective

Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy and psychiatric safety of dopamine agonists (DAs) prescribed for large macroprolactinomas in patients with psychosis treated with antipsychotics.

Design

This was a multicenter (France and Belgium) retrospective study.

Patients

Eighteen patients treated with antipsychotics were included.

Results

Under DA, median PRL levels decreased from 1247 (117–81 132) to 42 (4–573) ng/mL (P = 0.008), from 3850 (449–38 000) to 141 (60–6000) ng/mL (P = 0.037) and from 1664 (94–9400) to 1215 (48–5640) ng/mL (P = 0.56) when given alone (n = 8), before surgery (n = 7), or after surgery (n = 6), respectively. The prolactinoma median largest diameter decreased by 28% (0–57) in patients under DAs alone (P = 0.02) but did not change when given after surgery. Optic chiasm decompression was achieved in 82% of patients. Five patients (28%) were admitted for psychotic relapse while receiving DAs (but three of them had stopped antipsychotic treatment at that time). A more severe underlying psychosis, rather than the DA treatment itself, may explain such psychiatric admissions.

Conclusion

Even if the DA efficacy on PRL levels and tumor volume in patients with macroprolactinoma under antipsychotic drugs is less impressive than that typically observed, it may be considered satisfactory for half of our patients, particularly in cases of optic chiasm compression. Psychotic exacerbation was unusual in these patients, occurring mostly in those with the most severe psychotic forms. DAs may therefore be used as antitumor treatment for macroprolactinoma in patients with visual involvement, severe headaches or invasion into the skull base who receive antipsychotics.
PDIA3 regulates trophoblast apoptosis and proliferation in preeclampsia via the MDM2/p53 pathway
Authors: Mo Hui-Qin , Tian Fu-Ju , Ma Xiao-Ling , Zhang Yu-Chen , Zhang Cheng-Xi , Zeng Wei-Hong , Zhang Yan , Lin Yi
Published: June 2020

Protein disulfide isomerase 3 (PDIA3) is a chaperone protein that modulates the folding of newly synthesized glycoproteins, has isomerase and redox activity, and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. However, the role of PDIA3 in pregnancy-associated diseases remains largely unknown. Our present study reveals a key role for PDIA3 in the biology of placental trophoblasts from women with preeclampsia (PE). Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis revealed that PDIA3 expression was decreased in villous trophoblasts from women with PE compared to normotensive pregnancies. Further, using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, and 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining, we found that siRNA-mediated PDIA3 knockdown significantly promoted apoptosis and inhibited proliferation in the HTR8/SVneo cell line, while overexpression of PDIA3 reversed these effects. Furthermore, RNA sequencing and Western blot analysis demonstrated that knockdown of PDIA3 inhibited MDM2 protein expression in HTR8 cells, concurrent with marked elevation of p53 and p21 expression. Conversely, overexpression of PDIA3 had the opposite effects. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot further revealed that MDM2 protein expression was downregulated and p21 was increased in trophoblasts of women with PE compared to women with normotensive pregnancies. Our findings indicate that PDIA3 expression is decreased in the trophoblasts of women with PE, and decreased PDIA3 induces trophoblast apoptosis and represses trophoblast proliferation through regulating the MDM2/p53/p21 pathway.
The Rise of Fungi: A Report on the CIFAR Program Fungal Kingdom: Threats & Opportunities Inaugural Meeting
Authors: Case Nicola T , Heitman Joseph , Cowen Leah E
Published: June 2020

The first meeting of the CIFAR Fungal Kingdom: Threats & Opportunities research program saw the congregation of experts on fungal biology to address the most pressing threats fungi pose to global health, agriculture, and biodiversity. This report covers the research discussed during the meeting and the advancements made toward mitigating the devastating impact of fungi on plants, animals, and humans.
Green functions for stationary problems with nonlocal boundary conditions
Authors: Roman Svetlana , Štikonas Artūras
Published: June 2020

In this paper the Green functions for various stationary problems with nonlocal boundary conditions areinvestigated.We compare Green functions properties for classical boundary conditions with properties ofGreen functions for problems with nonlocal boundary conditions. Few examples iliustrate such properties.
Forecasting of activity process indexes for Dubrava forestry
Authors: Ruzgas Tomas , Cibulskytė Rasa
Published: June 2020

The forecasting models of activity process indexes and statistical software SAS for support the decisionmaking is presented in this paper. The models and software were developed using applied statistics methods, object programming technology.
Application of mixture of exponentials distributions for modeling queuing systems
Authors: Šnipas Mindaugas , Valakevičius Eimutis
Published: June 2020

The article considers approximation of positive distribution functions by mixture of exponentials distributions. This approximation enables to model non-markovian queuing systems by Markov process withcontinuous time and countable set of states.
Geometrical reasoning in the determination of the order of factorial
Authors: Mačys Juozas Juvencijus
Published: June 2020

It is shown here how to interpret Stirling’s formula geometrically, moreover, how geometrical reasoningcan serve determining the proper magnitude of the logarithm of the factorial.
Factorial formulae and computer-aided research
Authors: Sušinskas Jurgis , Mačys Juozas Juvencijus
Published: June 2020

We try to demonstrate how it is possible to acquaint students with the usual computer-aided research of a mathematician.
Clinical and Sociodemographic Factors Associated With Human Donor Milk Supplementation in Term Newborns
Authors: McKittrick Megan M. , Khaki Sheevaun , Gievers Ladawna , Larson Ilse A.
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVES:

To identify differences between healthy term newborns supplemented with human donor milk (HDM) and those supplemented with infant formula. We hypothesized that sociodemographic and clinical distinctions exist between newborns receiving different milk types.

METHODS:

This retrospective study included term newborns admitted to the postpartum unit between March 2017 and April 2019 with ≥1 supplemental feeding with HDM or formula for indications other than hypoglycemia. Maternal and newborn data were abstracted from the electronic medical record.

RESULTS:

Five hundred eighty-four dyads met inclusion criteria. More newborns received supplementation with formula than with HDM (57.7% vs 42.3%; P < .001). Infants undergoing phototherapy who required supplementation were more likely to receive HDM (P < .001). Newborns born to white and non-Hispanic mothers were more likely to receive HDM than those born to African American (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.6; P = .007), Hispanic (aOR 3.0; P = .001), or Asian American mothers (aOR 2.7; P = .007). Newborns born to primiparous women (aOR 1.6; P = .03), those born to women with private insurance (aOR 3.7; P < .001), and those born via cesarean delivery (aOR 2.0; P < .001) were more likely to receive HDM. HDM use was more likely in primary English- or Spanish-speaking households (aOR 8.5; P = .009). Newborns receiving their first supplemental feeding during the day (aOR 1.9; P = .001) were more likely to be supplemented with HDM.

CONCLUSIONS:

There are clinical and sociodemographic differences between healthy term newborns supplemented with HDM and formula. These findings reveal that there are disparities in current supplementation practices for healthy newborns.
Evaluation for Neonatal HSV in Infants Undergoing Workup for Serious Bacterial Infection: A 5-Year Retrospective Review
Authors: Brower Laura H. , Wilson Paria M. , Murtagh-Kurowski Eileen , Courter Joshua D. , Shah Samir S. , Schondelmeyer Amanda C.
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVES:

To describe the characteristics of infants evaluated for serious bacterial infection, focusing on empirical testing and treatment of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and describe the characteristics of HSV-positive patients.

METHODS:

We included infants aged 0 to 60 days undergoing evaluation for serious bacterial infection in the emergency department. This descriptive study was conducted between July 2010 and June 2014 at a tertiary-care children’s hospital. Eligible patients were identified on the basis of age at presentation to the hospital and laboratory specimens. Infant characteristics, symptoms on presentation, and laboratory workup were compared between HSV-positive and HSV-negative patients by using the 2-sample t test or the Wilcoxon rank test.

RESULTS:

A total of 1633 infants were eligible for inclusion, and 934 (57.2%) were 0 to 28 days of age. HSV was diagnosed in 19 infants, 11 of whom had disseminated disease. Compared with those without HSV, HSV-positive infants were younger, less likely to be febrile and to present with nonspecific symptoms, and more likely to have a mother with HSV symptoms (P < .05). Testing from all recommended locations was only performed in 22% of infants. Infants tested or empirically treated with acyclovir had a longer median length of stay compared with children who were not tested or treated (P < .01).

CONCLUSIONS:

The absence of fever should not preclude a workup for HSV in neonates, and when a workup is initiated, emphasis should be placed on obtaining samples from serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and surface specimens. Physicians may benefit from a guideline for evaluation of HSV with specific guidance on high-risk features of presentation and recommended testing.
Supporting Breastfeeding in Infants Hospitalized for Jaundice
Authors: Kovaric Kelly , Cowperthwaite Matthew , McDaniel Corrie E. , Thompson Grace
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND:

Infants readmitted for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy are less likely to exclusively breastfeed than infants who are not readmitted for phototherapy. Our aim for this study was to increase breastfeeding exclusivity for infants admitted for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

METHODS:

Using the Model for Improvement, we conducted 3 plan-do-study-act cycles to improve exclusive breastfeeding (EB). Our outcome measure was to increase the percentage of EB for infants hospitalized for phototherapy from 30% to 80% in 12 months. Our process measure was to increase lactation consultations from 60% to 80%. Balancing measures included the development of >10% weight loss, acute bilirubin encephalopathy, readmissions, and length of stay. Interventions involved staff breastfeeding education, automated orders for lactation consultations, and use of bilirubin blankets during breastfeeding. Data were analyzed by using run charts and statistical process control.

RESULTS:

A total of 92 infants with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were admitted from December 2016 to August 2019, with 61 in the postintervention period. After implementation of an automated order for lactation consultation, EB improved from 30% to 60% and completed lactation consultations increased from 60% to 90%. Infants who received a lactation consultation within the first shift during their hospitalization were 4 times more likely to have EB during hospitalization than infants who did not (odds ratio 3.8; confidence interval: 1.17–12.39.) No infant experienced >10% weight loss, acute bilirubin encephalopathy, or a readmission, and length of stay did not significantly change.

CONCLUSIONS:

Early involvement of trained lactation consultants safely improves rates of EB for infants hospitalized with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
COVID-19 and Kawasaki Disease: Novel Virus and Novel Case
Authors: Jones Veena G. , Mills Marcos , Suarez Dominique , Hogan Catherine A. , Yeh Debra , Segal J. Bradley , Nguyen Elizabeth L. , Barsh Gabrielle R. , Maskatia Shiraz , Mathew Roshni
Published: June 2020

In the midst of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we are seeing widespread disease burden affecting patients of all ages across the globe. However, much remains to be understood as clinicians, epidemiologists, and researchers alike are working to describe and characterize the disease process while caring for patients at the frontlines. We describe the case of a 6-month-old infant admitted and diagnosed with classic Kawasaki disease, who also screened positive for COVID-19 in the setting of fever and minimal respiratory symptoms. The patient was treated per treatment guidelines, with intravenous immunoglobulin and high-dose aspirin, and subsequently defervesced with resolution of her clinical symptoms. The patient’s initial echocardiogram was normal, and she was discharged within 48 hours of completion of her intravenous immunoglobulin infusion, with instruction to quarantine at home for 14 days from the date of her positive test results for COVID-19. Further study of the clinical presentation of pediatric COVID-19 and the potential association with Kawasaki disease is warranted, as are the indications for COVID-19 testing in the febrile infant.
Inguinal Hernia in Premature Infants
Authors: Ramachandran Venkataraman , Edwards Charles F. , Bichianu Dana C.
Published: June 2020

Inguinal hernia is a common problem affecting infants in the NICU. As a group, preterm infants have the highest incidence of inguinal hernia and this risk increases as gestational age decreases. The etiopathologic factors leading to the development of an inguinal hernia are not clear and interventions to alter these factors have not been thoroughly investigated. Diagnosis of an inguinal hernia is often straightforward, but occasionally it may be difficult to determine if the hernia is strangulated or simply obstructed. Rarely, investigative modalities, such as ultrasonography, may be needed to rule out other potential causes. The ideal timing of surgical repair in this population is unknown and complicated by comorbid conditions and limited randomized controlled trials. During surgery, the choice of regional versus general anesthesia requires a team-based approach and studies have found that greater clinical experience is associated with lower morbidity. The techniques of hernia surgery range from open to laparoscopic repair and have been investigated in small prospective studies, while larger databases have been used to analyze outcomes retrospectively.
Developing Appropriateness Criteria for Pediatric Vascular Access
Authors: Ullman Amanda J. , Chopra Vineet , Brown Erin , Kleidon Tricia , Cooke Marie , Rickard Claire M. , Bernstein Steven J.
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVES:

To describe the methodology undertaken to provide guidance on the appropriateness, as well as inappropriateness, of vascular access device selection, characteristics, and insertion technique for pediatric patients.

METHODS:

The RAND Corporation–University of California, Los Angeles Appropriateness Method was used. After definition of key terms and scope, a systematic review of the pediatric vascular access literature was undertaken. Clinical scenarios were developed to reflect the common indications for vascular access across pediatric health care. These were sectioned according to (1) device selection, (2) device characteristics, and (3) insertion technique. An interdisciplinary panel of experts (N = 14) consisting of leading experts representing diverse pediatric clinical disciplines including anesthesiology, cardiology and cardiac surgery, critical care and emergency, general surgery, hematology and oncology, hospital medicine, infectious disease, interventional radiology, pharmacology, regional pediatric hospitalist, and vascular access nursing specialties was convened. The scenarios were rated for appropriateness by the panel over 2 rounds (1 [highly inappropriate] to 9 [highly appropriate]). Round 1 ratings were completed anonymously and independently by panel members and classified into 3 levels of appropriateness: appropriate, uncertain, and inappropriate, or disagreement. For round 2, panelists met in-person to discuss the round 1 ratings and independently rerated the indications. All indications were reclassified into 3 levels of appropriateness or disagreement.

CONCLUSIONS:

The RAND Corporation–University of California, Los Angeles Appropriateness Method provides a rigorous, in-depth and transparent methodology to develop the first appropriateness criteria for the selection of pediatric vascular access devices in a range of patient groups.
The Michigan Appropriateness Guide for Intravenous Catheters in Pediatrics: miniMAGIC
Authors: Ullman Amanda J. , Bernstein Steven J. , Brown Erin , Aiyagari Ranjit , Doellman Darcy , Faustino E. Vincent S. , Gore Beth , Jacobs Jeffrey P. , Jaffray Julie , Kleidon Tricia , Mahajan Prashant V. , McBride Craig A. , Morton Kayce , Pitts Stephanie , Prentice Elizabeth , Rivard Douglas C. , Shaughnessy Erin , Stranz Marc , Wolf Joshua , Cooper David S. , Cooke Marie , Rickard Claire M. , Chopra Vineet
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVES:

Vascular access device decision-making for pediatric patients remains a complex, highly variable process. To date, evidence-based criteria to inform these choices do not exist. The objective of the Michigan Appropriateness Guide for Intravenous Catheters in pediatrics (miniMAGIC) was to provide guidance on device selection, device characteristics, and insertion technique for clinicians, balancing and contextualizing evidence with current practice through a multidisciplinary panel of experts.

METHODS:

The RAND Corporation and University of California, Los Angeles Appropriateness Method was used to develop miniMAGIC, which included the following sequential phases: definition of scope and key terms, information synthesis and literature review, expert multidisciplinary panel selection and engagement, case scenario development, and appropriateness ratings by an expert panel via 2 rounds.

RESULTS:

The appropriateness of the selection, characteristics, and insertion technique of intravenous catheters commonly used in pediatric health care across age populations (neonates, infants, children, and adolescents), settings, diagnoses, clinical indications, insertion locations, and vessel visualization devices and techniques was defined. Core concepts including vessel preservation, insertion and postinsertion harm minimization (eg, infection, thrombosis), undisrupted treatment provision, and inclusion of patient preferences were emphasized.

CONCLUSIONS:

In this study, we provide evidence-based criteria for intravenous catheter selection (from umbilical catheters to totally implanted venous devices) in pediatric patients across a range of clinical indications. miniMAGIC also highlights core vascular access practices in need of collaborative research and innovation.