bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The growth rate of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fry fed on fermented Lemna sp. meal
Authors: Rostika Rita , Andriani Yuli , Abram Arthur Henry , Vinasyiam Apriana
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT  This research aimed to evaluate the supplementation of fermented Lemna sp. meal (FLM) in the artificial diet on the growth rate of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. The research design used was complete randomized design consisting of four treatments; A (0% FLM), B (20% FLM), C (30% FLM), and D (40% FLM) in triplicates. The parameters observed were the nutritional composition of LFM, daily growth rate (DGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival rate (SR), and water quality. Fermentation with Effective Microorganism 4 (EM4) has increased crude protein and crude lipid of FLM respectively 5.60% and 5.76%. However it decreased the crude fiber of FLM up to 15.27%. The result suggested that supplementation of FLM 0–40% in the artificial diet could give DGR 0.81–1.20%, FCR 2.48–2.97; and SR 72%–84% in Nile tilapia. The addition of 40% LFM showed the best result among all treatments. Key words: Lemna meal, EM4, fermentation, Nile tilapia fry  ABSTRAK  Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan tepung Lemna sp. fermentasi (TLF) pada pakan buatan terhadap laju pertumbuhan ikan nila Oreochromis niloticus. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) terdiri atas empat perlakuan, yaitu A (0% TLF), B (20% TLF), C (30% TLF), dan D (40% TLF) dengan masing-masing tiga ulangan. Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian antara lain nilai nutrisi TLF, laju pertumbuhan harian (LPH) ikan nila, rasio konversi pakan (RKP), sintasan (SR), dan kualitas air. Fermentasi dengan Effective Microorganism 4 (EM4) meningkatkan protein kasar dan lemak kasar TLF sebesar masing-masing 5,60% dan 6,76%, akan tetapi menurunkan serat kasar hingga 15,27%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian TLF 0–40% dalam pakan komersial menghasilkan LPH 0,81–1,20%; RKP 2,48– 2,97; dan SR 72%–84%. Pemberian TLF sebanyak 40% merupakan perlakuan yang menunjukkan hasil terbaik. Kata kunci: tepung Lemna, EM4, fermentasi, benih ikan nila
Aromatase gene expression and masculinization of Nile tilapia immersed in water 36 °C containing 17α-methyltestosterone
Authors: Fauzan Agung Luthfi , Soelistyowati Dinar Tri , Junior Muhammad Zairin , Hardiantho Dian , Setiawati Mia , Alimuddin ,
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT  Immersion of undifferentiated larval tilapia in high temperature and 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) cab increase the male ratio. However, the effectiveness of immersion in high temperature of water containing MT remains to be evaluated. The purposes of this study were: 1) evaluate the male ratio, growth, and survival of tilapia, and 2) analyze the aromatase brain-type gene expression level in tilapia after immersing in high temperature (36 °C) containing MT at 2 mg/L for four hour with single and double immersion. Aromatase gene expression was analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR (sqRT-PCR) method. The result showed that higher monosex male ratio was obtained by single immersion of MT at 36 °C at room temperature. Gene expression level of aromatase brain-type was lower on single immersion and increased significantly at second immersion compared to control (immersion at room temperature without MT). Immersion using MT and high temperature had no significant effect on fish survival. However the specific growth rate and fish biomass were higher than control. Thus, monosex male tilapia can be produced by single immersion of undifferentiated larvae at 36 °C temperature containing MT. Keywords: male ratio, aromatase, Oreochromis niloticus, temperature, 17α-methyltestosterone  ABSTRAK  Perendaman larva ikan nila yang belum terdeferensiasi kelaminnya dengan suhu tinggi dan hormon 17α-metiltestosteron (MT) dapat meningkatkan nisbah kelamin jantan. Tetapi, efektivitas perendaman menggunakan MT pada suhu tinggi belum diteliti. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah 1) mengevaluasi nisbah kelamin jantan, pertumbuhan, dan kelangsungan hidup ikan nila, dan 2) menganalisis ekspresi gen aromatase tipe-otak pada ikan direndam menggunakan MT dengan dosis 2 mg/L selama empat jam sebanyak satu dan dua kali perendaman pada suhu 36 °C. Ekspresi gen aromatase dianalisis menggunakan metode RT-PCR semi-kuantitatif (sqRT-PCR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi perendaman MT satu kali pada suhu 36 °C lebih tinggi menghasilkan ikan nila jantan monoseks dibandingkan perendaman MT satu kali pada suhu ruang. Tingkat ekspresi gen aromatase tipe otak pada perendaman satu kali lebih rendah, dan meningkat secara signifikan pada perendaman kedua dibandingkan dengan kontrol (perendaman pada suhu ruang tanpa MT). Perendaman larva menggunakan MT dan suhu 36 °C tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kelangsungan hidup, tetapi laju pertumbuhan spesifik dan biomassa ikan perlakuan tersebut lebih tinggi daripada kontrol. Dengan demikian, ikan nila jantan monoseks dapat diproduksi dengan perendaman satu kali pada larva yang belum terdeferensiasi jenis kelaminnya menggunakan MT pada suhu 36 °C. Kata kunci: rasio jantan, aromatase, Oreochromis niloticus, suhu, 17α-metiltestosteron
The sex ratio and testosterone levels in tilapia immersed in different doses of 17α-methyltestosterone
Authors: Junior Muhammad Zairin , Naufal Muhammad Restya , Setiawati Mia , Hardianto Dian , Alimuddin ,
Published: January 2018

Tilapia fish farming using monosex male population has been reported to have 10% higher productivity compared to mix-sex culture. This study aimed to determine immersion dose of 17α-metiltestosterone (MT) that allowed higher male percentage, growth, survival, and measure testosterone level in fish body. The experiment was designed as three immersion doses, namely: 0; 1.8; and 5.4 mg/L MT, each with three replications. Immersion was conducted to 14-day-old larvae for four hours, with density of 100 fish/L of water. Testosterone levels in fish was measured using ELISA method, and sex identification was performed by histology method. The result showed that percentage of male fish was the same in the treatment of 1.8 mg/L and 5.4 mg/L, and 53–65% higher than the control without MT treatment (54% male). Growth and survival of fish until day 56 post immersion were the same. By ELISA analysis, the levels of testosterone in larvae just after immersion was similar in 1.8 mg/L and 5.4 mg/L treatments, decreased drastically on day 14 after immersion, and then the levels of testosterone to be similar with the control on day 28, i.e. about 2 ng/g. By PCR method with specific primer, sex reversed and normal males could be distinguished, and on day 71 the testosterone levels in sex reversed and normal males fish was also the same, 0.3 ng/g (P>0.05). Thus, sex reversal by immersion at a dose of 1.8 mg/L can be consider as a standard protocol for monosex tilapia production. Testosterone level in the body of MT-treated fish becomes the same to the control of less than one month post immersion
The population growth and the nutritional status of Moina macrocopa feed with rice bran and cassava bran suspensions
Authors: Mubarak Ahmad Shofy , Jusadi Dedi , Junior Muhammad Zairin , Suprayudi Muhammad Agus
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT Moina macrocopa culture density can be improved by optimizing the fecundity, and somatic growth through the regulation of quality and quantity of feed. The purpose of this study were to determined how to use effectively the rice bran and cassava bran Manihot utilisima suspension on Moina, based on population, neonates production, adult percentage, biomass, metabolisme and nutritional state. In this study, Moina were cultured for eighth days using four concentrations of rice bran suspension and three concentrations of cassava suspension. This research found that M. macrocopa culture with rice bran suspension has higher population, neonates production, adult percentage and biomass than its culture with cassava bran suspension (P<0.05). This study also found that Moina culture with rice bran suspension has higher total value of RNA, total value of DNA, the ratio RNA/ DNA, FCR, and concentration of protein and amino acid than Moina culture with cassava bran suspension. Treatment D with the initial rice bran suspension concentration was 0.3 mL/L  and was increased starting the second day and the end concentration on the eighth day was 1.2 mL/L has highest peak population of Moina 17,975 ind/L in seventh day, weight wet biomass 439 mg/L in eighth day and lower FCR 0.94. Keywords: suspension, rice bran, cassava, population, ratio RNA/DNA  ABSTRAK Kepadatan populasi dalam budidaya Moina macrocopa dapat ditingkatkan dengan mengoptimalkan fekunditas dan pertumbuhan somatik melalui pengaturan kualitas dan kuantitas pakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektifitas pengunaan pakan suspensi dedak dan tepung ketela pohon Manihot utilisima dalam budidaya M. macrocopa terhadap populasi, produksi anak per induk, persentase dewasa, biomasa, FCR, dan metabolismenya (asam amino, DNA, RNA, dan RNA/DNA). Di dalam penelitian ini, M. macrocopa dibudidayakan selama delapan hari  menggunakan empat konsentrasi suspensi dedak dan tiga konsentrasi suspensi tepung  ketela pohon. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, budidaya M. macrocopa dengan pakan suspensi dedak menghasilkan populasi, produksi anak/induk, persentase dewasa dan biomasa yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan budidaya Moina dengan pakan suspensi ketela pohon (P<0,05). Budidaya M. macrocopa dengan pakan suspensi dedak juga menghasilkan total RNA, total DNA dan  nisbah  RNA/DNA, konsentrasi protein, dan asam amino yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan Moina dengan pakan suspensi ketela pohon. Perlakuan D dengan pakan suspensi dedak awal 0,2 mL/L dan meningkat mulai hari kedua dengan konsentrasi hari kedelapan 1,2 mL/L menghasilkan puncak populasi tertinggi pada hari ketujuh sebanyak 17.975 ind/L, berat basah biomasa hari kedelapan kultur 439 mg/L, dan FCR yang rendah yaitu 0,94.   Kata kunci: suspensi, dedak, ketela pohon, populasi, nisbah RNA/DNA
Suitability analysis of Lampung Bay waters for grouper Epinephelus sp. farming activities
Authors: Yulianto Herman , Hartoko Agus , Anggoro Sutrisno , Hasani Qadar , Mulyasih Dwi , Delis Putu Cinthia
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT Grouper Epinephelus sp. farming activities in Lampung Bay is limited to an area of 77 hectares, while areas that are potential to be used for grouper farming are still very wide. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the suitability of Lampung Bay waters for grouper farming activities. The study was conducted in 20 stations with ecological preference considerations. The parameters observed were physicochemical (water depth, temperature, water transparency, the load of suspended solids, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, nitrate, and phosphate) and biological parameters (phytoplankton abundance and chlorophyll-a concentration). After the data were completely obtained, the data were processed into suitability matrix resulting in scores that will be grouped into four classes, namely S1 (highly suitable), S2 (moderately suitable), S3 (marginally suitable), N (not suitable). The geostatistical model was used to perform the earth’s surface mapping based on biotic and abiotic parameters that were analyzed. Based on the results of the analysis in this study, the conditions of Lampung Bay waters were suitable for grouper farming activities. Marine area that could be used for grouper farming was 33,847.12 hectares (S1: 15,712.6 ha, S2: 13,294.7 ha and S3: 4,209.82 ha) in the area around Puhawang Island, Kelagian Island, Maitem Island, Tegal Island to Hurun Bay. Keywords: Lampung Bay, grouper, suitability analysis, fish farming   ABSTRAK Kegiatan budidaya ikan kerapu Epinephelus sp. di Teluk Lampung masih terbatas pada lahan seluas 77 hektar, sedangkan lahan yang berpotensi digunakan untuk budidaya ikan kerapu masih sangat luas. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji kesesuaian perairan Teluk Lampung untuk kegiatan budidaya ikan kerapu. Penelitian dilakukan di 20 stasiun dengan pertimbangan ecological preference. Parameter yang diamati yaitu parameter fisika-kimia perairan (kedalaman, suhu, kecerahan, muatan padatan tersuspensi, pH, oksigen terlarut,  salinitas, nitrat, dan fosfat) serta parameter biologi (kelimpahan fitoplankton dan konsentrasi klorofil-a). Setelah data parameter terpenuhi, data diolah ke dalam matriks kesesuaian sehingga menghasilkan skor yang akan dikelompokkan ke dalam empat kelas, yaitu S1 (highly suitable), S2 (moderately suitable), S3 (marginally suitable), N (not suitable). Model geostatistik digunakan untuk melakukan pemetaan permukaan bumi berdasarkan data parameter biotik dan abiotik yang dianalisis. Berdasarkan hasil analisis pada penelitian ini, kondisi perairan Teluk Lampung sesuai untuk kegiatan budidaya ikan kerapu. Luas perairan laut yang dapat digunakan untuk kegiatan budidya ikan kerapu yaitu, 33.847,12 hektar (S1: 15.712,6 ha, S2: 13.294,7 ha dan S3: 4.209,82 ha) di daerah sekitar Pulau Puhawang, Pulau Kelagian, Pulau Maitem, Pulau Tegal hingga Teluk Hurun.   Kata kunci: Teluk Lampung, ikan kerapu, analisis kesesuaian, budidaya
Optimization of stocking density in intensification of mud crab Scylla serrata cultivation in the resirculation system
Authors: Hastuti Yuni Puji , Nirmala Kukuh , Rusmana Iman , Affandi Ridwan , Kuntari Wahyu Budi
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine optimum stocking density of mud crab Scylla serrata through the applied of different stocking density in every treatment in recirculation system. Experimental design used was complete randomized design (CRD) with three density treatments which were 5 (P1), 10 (P2), and 15 ind/container (P3). All treatments replicated three times. The crab with the average of body weight 150 g/ind cultured in a plastic box (40×30×30 cm). Crab was cultured within 60 days and were fed two times a day by at satiation method. The result showed that P2 treatment gave the best result of mangrove crabs production performance among all treatments with 73.33±5.77% survival rate, 0.68±0.01 g/ind/day absolute growth rate and food conversion ratio 10.11±0.01. Treatment P1 gave the good response of stress, it indicated by the lowest glucose of all tretamnets at the level of 31.91 mg/dL in the end of treatment periods. The water quality during study period was fluctuative as affected by different stocking density in the treatments. Keywords: mud crab, stocking density, production performance  ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan padat tebar optimal kepiting bakau Scylla serrata melalui penerapan kepadatan tebar yang berbeda pada setiap perlakuan dalam sistem resirkulasi. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan tiga perlakuan yaitu 5 (P1), 10 (P2), dan 15 ekor/wadah pemeliharaan (P3) dengan tiga ulangan. Kepiting bakau yang digunakan memiliki berat rata-rata 150 g/ekor. Wadah pemeliharaan yang digunakan selama pemeliharaan adalah kontainer plastik yang berukuran 40×30×30 cm. Pemeliharaan kepiting bakau dilaksanakan selama 60 hari dan diberikan pakan berupa ikan rucah dua kali sehari secara at satiation. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan P2 memberikan hasil kinerja produksi terbaik dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya dengan nilai kelangsungan hidup 73,33±5,77%, laju pertumbuhan mutlak 0,68±0,01 g/ekor/hari, dan rasio konversi pakan 10,11±0,01. Perlakuan P1 menunjukkan respons stres yang baik dengan memiliki nilai kadar glukosa paling rendah dari perlakuan lain yaitu 31,91 mg/dL pada akhir masa pemeliharaan. Kualitas air selama penelitian memiliki nilai yang fluktuatif di setiap perlakuan sebagai efek adanya perbedaan jumlah padat tebar setiap wadahnya Kata kunci: kepiting bakau, padat tebar, kinerja produksi
Vaccination in Nile tilapia broodstock with whole cell vaccine and disease resistance in its fry against Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Sukenda Sukenda , Carman Odang , Rahman Rahman , Hidayatullah Dendi , Yumaidawati Nurfitriani Siti
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze the effectivity of vaccination in Nile tilapia broodstock with whole cell vaccine and disease resistance in fry tilapia against Aeromonas hydrophila. Tilapia Nirwana strain that used for this had average body weight of 185±13.23 g and were maintained in ponds sizing of (2.5×2.5×1 m3). Vaccinations that has been done through intraperitoneal injection using dose of 0.1 mL/fish, meanwhile the fish for control was injected by phosphate buffered saline (PBS). This study used complete randomized design with two treatments and three replications. Antibody level was measured by using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method in the broodstock, egg, and fry.  Challenge test in fry tilapia performed at the age of 5, 10, and 15 days. The results showed that vaccination in tilapia broodstock delivered a significant antibody level in broodstock, eggs, and fry (P<0.05) compared to the control. Relative percent survival of offspring at 5, 10, and 15 days were 78.26%, 70.59%, and 65.52%, respectively.  As a conclusion, vaccination in tilapia broodstock was effective to improve specific and non-specific immunity, and protect fry tilapia from A. hydrophila infection through maternal immunity. Keywords: vaccination, antibody, maternal immunity, tilapia, Aeromonas hydrophila  ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efikasi vaksinasi pada induk nila dengan vaksin sel utuh dan ketahanan benih yang dihasilkan terhadap Aeromonas hydrophila. Ikan nila stain Nirwana yang digunakan dalam penelitian memiliki bobot rata-rata 185±13,23 g dan ikan dipelihara dalam kolam (2,5×2,5×1 m3). vaksinasi dilakukan melalui penyuntikan intraperitoneal dengan dosis 0,1 mL/ikan, sementara itu ikan kontrol disuntik dengan phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan dua perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Tingkat antibodi diukur dengan menggunakan metode indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) pada induk, telur dan benih. Uji tantang pada benih dilakukan pada umur 5, 10, dan 15 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa vaksinasi pada induk nila secara signifikan dapat meningkatkan level antibodi pada induk, telur, dan benih (P<0,05) dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Kelangsungan hidup relatif pada benih berumur 5, 10, dan 15 hari masing-masing adalah 78,26%; 70,59%; dan 65,52%. Sebagai kesimpulan vaksinasi pada induk nila efektif dalam memperbaiki imunitas spesifik dan non spesifik serta melindungi benih dari infeksi A. hydrophila melalui imunitas maternal. Kata kunci: vaksinasi, antibodi, imunitas maternal, ikan nila, Aeromonas hydrophila
Effets Antihypertensifs Des Extraits Aqueux Et Éthanolique Des Graines Fermentées De Parkia Biglobosa (Mimosaceae) Chez Les Rats
Authors: Ouolouho Coulibaly Seydou , Abou Ouattara , Karamoko Ouattara , Adama Coulibaly
Published: January 2018

High blood pressure is a major cardiovascular risk factor in the occurrence of stroke, heart failure, kidney failure, and coronary heart disease. They are regarded as the leading causes of death worldwide. The aim of this study was to provide a scientific and pharmacological basis for the traditional use of Parkia biglobosa in the traditional treatment of arterial hypertension. Here, we first looked for certain mineral elements in the fermented seeds of P. biglobosa "soumara". Subsequently, we evaluated the hypotensive and antihypertensive effects of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts from these fermented seeds of P. biglobosa in normotensive and hypertensive rats. The cardiovascular parameters studied were systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR). The results showed that "soumara" is rich in calcium, potassium and magnesium, but low in sodium. Also, plant extracts at doses between 1000 and 2000 mg / kg bw induced a dose-dependent decrease in cardiovascular parameters in healthy rats. The treatment of rats made hypertensive with adrenaline by the ethanolic extract at a dose of 1500 mg / kg bw induced a dose-dependent decrease in cardiovascular parameters until normalization. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of “soumara” acted in the same way as Nifédipine®, which is a calcium channel blocker.
Hypouricemic Activity of Pentopetia Androsaemifolia Decne. (Apocynaceae) Hydro Alcoholic Extract in Mice
Authors: P. Randrianavony , A.M. Reboza , N. Quansah , F. Randimbivololona
Published: January 2018

The aim of this work was to investigate the uricemic and uricosuric activity of the hydro alcoholic extract of Pentopetia androsaemifolia in experimentally induced hyperuricemic mice. Hyperuricemia was induced in the mice by intraperitoneal injection of potassium oxonate. Oral administration of the extract at doses 50 to 200 mg/kg reduce hyperuricemia from 218.78 ± 7.50 to 72.29 ± 16.88 mg/l (P< 0. 05). The same doses of 50 to 200 mg/kg of the extract also reduce uricosuria from 125.4 ± 4.4 to 70 ± 12.6 mg/l (p< 0.05). A direct correlation exists between plasma uric acid concentration and urine uric acid concentration (r = 0.99). The hypouricemic activity of the extract could be due to xanthine oxidase inhibition by the flavonoids present in the extract.
Improvement of Carded Yarn Quality by Changing Ring Frame Break Draft for Different Short Fibre Index
Authors: Hoque Md. Riazul , Rokonuzzaman Md. , Saha Joykrisna , Chowdhury Mohammed Farhad Mahmud
Published: January 2018

Three types of cotton fibers lot having short fiber index (SFI) 8.65, 9.45 and 11.00 were taken to perform the experiment. The break drafts (BD) in ring frame were set to 1.136, 1.174 and 1.211 to produce the sample yarn; 30S /1 carded knit yarn (30KK) and 34S /1 carded knit yarn (34KK). The objective of this study was to find out the impact of short fibers by changing ring frame break draft on yarn quality and spinning process performance. The yarn quality such as CVm%, thin places (-50%)/km (TN), thick places (+50%)/km (TK), neps (+200%)/km (NP), count-strength product (CSP) and yarn hairiness (H) found satisfactory level for both yarn count in case of ring frame break draft 1.174 for low and high short fiber index. In this study, both physical and tensile properties of ring yarn were found better for ring frame break draft 1.174 of the three samples and quality deteriorates as SFI increases from 8.65 to 11.00.
New Petro-Mineralogical Results on the Magmatic Surrounding Rocks of Cu-Ag Mineralization in Tagmout (Eastern Anti -Atlas, Morocco)
Authors: Azizi Moussaid , Mohamed Aissa , Mohammed El Azmi , Muhamed Souiri , Hafid Mezougane , Abdel-ali Kharis , Mohamed Zouhair
Published: January 2018

Tagmout deposit is located in the Eastern Anti-Atlas, about 30 km south of the city of Qalâat Mgouna. It contains Cu-Ag mineralization which is embedded in magmatic rocks that are essentially intrusive of various facies. Detailed mapping (1/1200) and petro-mineralogical observation of these facies allow us to distinguish: 1) Olivine gabronorite, it is composed mainly of pyroxenes (CPX and OPX), olivine and biotite; 2) Quartz monzogabbro, it is characterized by the presence of pyroxenes, amphiboles, plagioclases, FK and quartz; 3) Quartz monzodiorite, which is a porphyric facies. It occupies the center of the Tagmout sector which is rich in FK, plagioclase, quartz, amphibole and pyroxene; 4) Granodiorite, it is a facies associated with quartz monzodiorite. It shows a paragenesis composed of FK, quartz and plagioclase; 5) Pink microgranite, metric dykes developing in different directions (N10° to N15°, N70° to N90°, N120° to N130 °). It is a facies rich in quartz, FK and plagioclase; 6) Dolerite, It is a dark-colored facies with a typical doleritic texture. It is rich in plagioclase and relics of pyroxenes and amphiboles. This facies occupies the eastern part of Tagmout complex; 7) Volcano-sedimentary facies with rhyolite appearance of brick red color. It is a vitreous fine matrix and conglomerate elements which is rich in quartz and FK. These are conglomerates that are affected by the terminal neoproterozoic rhyolitic lavas. They are also affected to different degrees by several phases of hydrothermal alterations of potassic, phyllitic, clayey, and propylitic types. The effect of these alterations on the rock at the surface is very variable. The granodiorite is highly affected while olivine gabbronorite is not very sensitive and retains a remarkable state of freshness. This raises an interrogation on the chronological place and the advanced age for these facies (557 ± 5 Ma, Benziane and al. 2008).With the exception of recent formations (microgranite, dolerite and volcano-sedimentary facies), the contact between the plutonic rocks of Tagmout (olivine gabbronorite, quartz monzogabbro, quartz monzodiorite, granodiorite and granite) never takes major structural discontinuity nor contact metamorphism. But the localization of some enclaves on both sides of the neighboring facies with an intense brecciation marked the contact of these facies. This configuration suggests that the plutonic formations of Tagmout massive that the setting up was done in a contemporary way and is derived from the same magma by fractional crystallization in a magmatic chamber.
Prise En Charge Des Péritonites Aiguës Dans Un Hôpital De District En Afrique Sub-saharienne : Cas Du Bénin
Authors: Sambo Bio Tamou , Allodé Salako Alexandre , Wekpon Didier Sewadé , Séto Djifid Morel , Hodonou Montcho Adrien , Dossou Babatoundé
Published: January 2018

Introduction: Peritonitis remains a public health problem in Africa. We aim to describe the epidemiological, etiological and therapeutic aspects of acute peritonitis in a district hospital in Sub Saharan Africa. Methods: This was a descriptive study with prospective data collection over a period of 15 months from May 1 st 2015 to July 31st 2016 in Bembereke district hospital. It has taken into account all the patients managed in the general surgery department for acute generalized peritonitis that has been confirmed at laparotomy. Results: Fifty-three patients, 38 men (71.7 %) and 15 women (28.3 %) had been registered. The average age of the patients was 19.8 ± 16.9 years. The main etiologies were: non-traumatic ileal perforation from typhoid infection 52.8%; perforated gastric or duodenal ulcer 17%; complicated appendicitis and abdominal traumas 11.3% each one. Twenty nine patients (54.7%) have been operated by a surgeon and the 24 remaining (45.3%) by a general practitioner with surgical skills. Twenty one patients (39.6%) had postoperative complications of which 11 cases of parietal suppurations (52.4%). The mortality rate was 11.3%. The mean hospital stay was 22.5 ± 4 days. Conclusion: In northern-Benin, peritonitis remains dominated by the complications of typhoid fever. The mortality rate remains high. Prevention requires good hygiene and awareness of early consultations.
Efficiences Des Nutriments P Et K En Riziculture Irriguée Dans Un Bas-Fond Secondaire En Zone De Savane Guinéenne De La Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Akassimadou Fulgence E. , Hien Marie P. , Bouadou Oi Felix B. , Bolou Bi Emile B. , Bongoua Jeanne A. , Ettien Jean-Baptiste D. , Yao-kouame Albert
Published: January 2018

N-nitrogen is the most limiting element in rice-growing on lowland soils in the central part of Côte d'Ivoire. In addition to its direct effect, poor management of P and K fertilizers in basic manure can induce low yields and losses of currencies. However, inappropriate use of these nutrients (P and K) in these shallows can induce other adverse effects on crops and even on the environment. So, for the eficient management of lowland ricegrowing fertiliszation, three agronomic trials have been set up in the Central part of Côte d'Ivoire to determine the optimum P and K doses to improve fertilizer efficiency in the relevant agroecology. Three rates of PCa(H2PO4)2H2O [30, 60 and 90 kgPha-1 ] as well as three of K-KCl [25, 50 and 75kgKha-1 ] and their recommended rates (13kgPha-1 and 25kgKha-1 ) in the humid forest zone were the treatments. A total of 80kgNha-1 (urea) was applied in three splits to each of the micro-plots except in the control including no fertilizer. The rice variety named NERICA L19 was transplanted.An agronomic trial including eleven (11) treatments in three replications was laid out in a complete randomized blocks design The highest K recovery rate is obtained with the 25kgKha -1 rates, while the lowest rate is with 50kgKha-1 in the three trials. There is a gradual decrease in P-level recovery as rates increase, regardless of the test. Increased rates of P and K induce a decrease in agronomic efficiency. The partial productivity factor (PFP) of nutrients P and K decreases with increasing rates for all three trials. The highest grains and straw yields are obtained for 75kgKha-1 doses regardless of the dose of P. However, it should be noted that the different efficiencies obtained are better for the lower rates of P and K
Evaluación De Métodos Indirectos Para Estimar Biomasa En Un Pastizal Natural Del Sur De Córdoba (Argentina Central)
Authors: N. Mónaco , Santa V. , Rosa M.J. , Autran V.
Published: January 2018

To optimize grassland management, it is important to evaluate seasonal changes in quality and production according to the characteristics of the environment, allowing planning and rational use of resources. With the objective of finding estimators that fit the actual production of aerial biomass in natural pastures, it was proposed to estimate biomass with the average height of the pasture and by double sampling, by determination by direct weight estimation and by estimation with index assignment. For this purpose, a natural grassland located in the area of influence of the final section of the Chucul River Basin (La Felipa Natural Reserve) was surveyed. Periodically from April 2013 to March 2016, in ten samples taken with 0.25 m2 quadrants, the biomass was cut and weighed, and the height of the present species was measured. In the area surrounding each quadrant, 50 uncorrected visual observations were made by assigning indexes from 1 to 5 and values of estimated weight according to the amount of forage available. Then a correlation analysis was performed and linear regressions were determined between the parameters studied. Real biomass (BR) showed a significant correlation with biomass estimated by Weight (BEP) and biomass estimated by Index (BEI) (p≤0.05).
PENGARUH BASIC SEDIMENT AND WATER TERHADAP LAJU KOROSI PIPA X52 DAN A53 PADA MEDIA OIL SLUDGE.
Authors: Arviansyah Naufan , Sumarji Sumarji , Setyawan Digdo Listyadi
Published: January 2018

This research have a purpuse to know corrosion rate in pipe X52 and A53 at oil sludge media caused BS and W. Corrosion is a damage of metal that occurs because reaction between metal with environtment and produce unwanted of corrosion product. Pipe X52 and A53 is a type of low carbon steel that use for fluid transportation system in industry. Oil sludge is a sediment of crude oil from main gathering storage and containing variouses elements. Oil sludge have a one of element is Basic Sediment and Water that is can make corrosion happen to distribution pipes. Measuring Method used in this research is weight loss method. The result of corrosion rate in Oil Sludge media containing 30,17% BS and W for pipe A53 is 1,64 x 10-2 mmpy and the result for pipa X52 is 2,47 x 10-2 mmpy. The result of corrosion rate in Oil Sludge media containing 60,67% BS and W for pipe A53 is 2,12 x 10-2 mmpy and for pipe X52 the result is 3,13 x 10-2 mmpy. The result of this research showed pipe A53 have more resistance than pipe X52. The corrosion is classified as uniform corrosion.

Keywords : A53, Weight Loss, Oil Sludge, X52.
Mulheres catadoras: articulação política e ressignificação social através do trabalho
Authors: Paiva Camila Capacle
Published: January 2018

Nas cooperativas e associações de catadores de materiais recicláveis, 80% dos trabalhadores são mulheres. Esse artigo tem como objetivo abordar a situação de trabalho e de vida das mulheres catadoras. A precarização e a divisão sexual do trabalho estão presentes nas organizações de catadores, assim como a dupla jornada que as mulheres enfrentam, sendo elas responsáveis pelo trabalho reprodutivo. A maioria das catadoras possui baixa escolaridade. Porém, através do trabalho, elas se organizam, ocupam postos de liderança e lutam por seus direitos, ressignificando, assim, suas vidas.
Creative People as a New Source of Competitive Advantage in Creative Industry
Authors: Astuty Eriana , Suryana Suryana
Published: January 2018

Today’s development of creative industries in the economy of Indonesia has shown a significant improvement. Creative industries have contributed in improving the growth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), employment opportunities, and national industries. Unfortunately, those improvements are not in line with their internal developments. The purpose of this study is to find the answer of the gap phenomenon that occured. It is found that only three sub-sectors out of 15 have positive contributions as mentioned above. They include craft, fashion, and culinary. Primary data were obtained through a questionnaire survey and observation carried out in  batik and woven-fabric business units in 6 provinces in Indonesia. By conducting survey as the research methodology in which the data were evaluated using statistic tools such as SPSS and AMOS 20, it is found that creative people as renewable resources have been able to improve Indonesia competitive advantage in crafts industries by reflecting local culture and heritage through creativity on various innovations.
The Potential of Using Cr3+/Salt-Tolerant Polymer Gel for Well Workover in Low-Temperature Reservoir: Laboratory Investigation and Pilot Test
Authors: Jia Hu , Chen Hao
Published: January 2018

Using mature Cr3+/partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) gel can reduce filtration for water shutoff in the fractured reservoir. Whether the mature gel can act as a fluid-loss-control pill for well-workover operation is worth investigating. In this paper, we start a systematic experimental study to reveal the physical process and fluid-loss-control mechanism of the Cr3+/KYPAM (salt-tolerant polymer) gel used for overbalanced well workover. The polymer gel used in this study is formulated with a combination of 0.4 to 0.6 wt% KYPAM and added 0.02 to 0.04 wt% chromium acetate, which can provide a gelation time between 2 and 4 hours, and with a maximum gel strength of Code G at a temperature of 30°C. Results show that the mature Cr3+/KYPAM gel can withstand positive pressure of 10 MPa for a period of 120 minutes with average fluid-loss volume of 15 cm3 for the core permeability between 9.18 and 217 md, indicating a favorable fluid-loss-control performance. The regained-permeability recovery can reach up to 85% for different core permeabilities. Scanning-electron-microscope (SEM) pictures show that a dense structure was formed in the gel filter cake during fluid-loss experiment. The wettability results show that the core has a greater potential to increase its water-wet ability after interacting with Cr3+/KYPAM mature gel. Field test shows that a small amount of gel leakoff was observed during each reperforation process, whereas water cut decreased from 89.1 to 52.1% and oil production increased from 0.15 to 1.11 m3/d. This study suggests that the mature Cr3+/KYPAM gel can act as a fluid-loss-control pill in high-water-cut oil wells, which can provide an avenue to bridge the design philosophy of well workover and water shutoff.
Development of Acid Fracturing Model for Naturally Fractured Reservoirs
Authors: Ugursal A. , Zhu D. , Hill A. D.
Published: January 2018

During an acid fracturing treatment in a carbonate reservoir, acid is injected into the formation creating hydraulic fractures and opening existing natural fractures. As the acid flows into natural fractures intersecting hydraulic fractures (main fractures), it etches the walls of the natural fracture, which increases the natural fractures' width and generates conductivity. On the other hand, because of the existence of natural fractures, the acid volume in the main fracture reduces, resulting in less conductivity for the main fracture. Existing acid fracturing models estimate the fracture conductivity by assuming the acid flows and reacts in the hydraulic fractures only. In order to accurately predict the performance of acid fracturing in naturally fractured carbonate reservoirs, the acid etching of natural fractures should be taken into account when calculating the overall fracture conductivity.

A model is developed to predict the acid fracturing performance in naturally fractured reservoirs. The model assumes that the main fracture is intersected by transverse symmetric natural fractures. The model simulates the acid transport, acid-rock reaction, fracture width increase due to etching of fracture walls, and acid leakoff through natural fractures. The model also assumes that the flow into natural fractures and the leakoff are pressure dependent and are changing with time. The conductivity calculation is based on the previously developed correlation that takes into account the small scale rock heterogeneities.

The conductivity of natural fractures was found to be a strong function of the leakoff Peclet number, which depends on the velocity of acid flow into natural fractures from an intersecting hydraulic fracture. The effect of natural fractures' geometry on leakoff Peclet number and created fracture conductivity was investigated. The results show that both length and dynamic width, as well as the number of natural fractures, play a significant role in defining the leakoff rate and the conductivity of the hydraulic fracture and the natural fractures. It was also found that the position of the natural fractures along the hydraulic fracture length affects the etching of the natural fractures and the resultant conductivity.

The model will enable the prediction of acid fracture conductivity for naturally fractured reservoirs and improve the feasibility of acid fracturing applications for these type of formations.
Delineating Stacked Pay with Existing and Emerging Diagnostic Tools
Authors: Haustveit K. , Greenwood H.
Published: January 2018

Stacked pay in unconventional plays has emerged as the primary focus for a majority of operators in North America. The number of completion targets range from two zones in the Bakken to more than ten zones in areas of the Permian Basin. Proper development of multi-zone reservoirs will yield the greatest recovery factor for the unit and minimize the drilling hazards and completion challenges related to depletion. Proper development maximizes the propped height while minimizing propped fracture overlap; this combination improves recovery without overcapitalizing the completion.

This paper will review existing and emerging diagnostic tools deployed in the STACK (Sooner Trend Anadarko Canadian and Kingfisher counties) to identify the number of landing intervals required to effectively drain the Meramec formation. The Meramec formation has produced a number of prolific wells from several benches contained within several hundred feet of reservoir.

The diagnostic tools that will be reviewed in this paper include electromagnetic (EM) proppant detection, radioactive (RA) proppant tracer surveys and offset pressure responses. The EM proppant and RA proppant surveys were used in a vertical well to measure the propped fracture height. The presence of the RA tracer is detected using a spectral gamma ray log; the EM proppant is mapped using a surface array of electric- and magnetic-field receivers. Downhole gauges in a vertical well measured the pressure responses generated during the treatment of an offsetting horizontal well to evaluate the effects of fluid viscosity on fracture height. Results from the diagnostic tools have been integrated into the well spacing strategy for upcoming development units.
Fracture Conductivity, Geochemical, and Geomechanical Monitoring of the Niobrara Formation under Triaxial Stress State
Authors: Iriarte Jessica , Katsuki Daisuke , Tutuncu Azra N.
Published: January 2018

Decreasing fracture effectiveness due to conductivity decay is a strong contributor to the steep production decline commonly observed in shale plays. The conductivity of a fracture is determined experimentally by measuring the pressure drop of a fluid flowing through a uniformly distributed proppant bed in a core with fixed length and height. Fracture conductivity degradation results from damage mechanisms and fluid interactions that occur during hydraulic fracturing operations. Rock softening and proppant embedment are some of these damage mechanisms. The impact of these interactions can be observed by measuring fracture conductivity in the laboratory under stress states similar to field conditions.

This study is based on experiments performed on fractured and propped Niobrara core plugs. The samples were characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), and helical CT-scans. The experiments were performed on a triaxial stress test assembly to monitor the chemical and mechanical alterations in the formation, proppant, and fluid under reservoir conditions. To achieve this, fluid chemical composition, dynamic and static moduli, and conductivity were obtained. The setup was used for the simultaneous acquisition of stress, ultrasonic compressional and shear wave velocities, flow data and fluid sampling.

The results from this study indicate that stress-dependent, long-term fracture conductivity shows the sharpest decline in the early stages of the experiment. The associated fluid sample analysis indicates that the highest physicochemical dissolution of most of the elements is happening at the early contact of the fluid with the rock and is later enhanced by the pressure increase in the system. A comparison with the conductivity measurements performed on Vaca Muerta samples shows a similar behavior, yet a steeper initial decay than that observed in the Niobrara samples. The difference observed between the two samples is related to the mineralogy of the formation and the high proppant embedment observed in the Vaca Muerta samples. Although higher softening occurred in the Niobrara samples, larger embedment was observed in the Vaca Muerta sample. This experimental observation is an indication that the conductivity damage varies not only with the mineralogical content of the formation, but also with the distribution of minerals along the fracture face.

Geomechanical, geochemical, and flow data integration provided a better understanding of proppant embedment and mineral distribution of the rock. It is the conclusion of this study that even if the intact core sample contains an average mineralogical composition, the heterogeneity caused by variations in the mineralogy at where the fracture is induced has the biggest impact on embedment.
Proppant Transport by a High Viscosity Friction Reducer
Authors: Hu Y. Thomas , Fisher David , Kurian Pious , Calaway Ron
Published: January 2018

Because of potential reduced cost and improved retained conductivity, high viscosity friction reducers (HVFRs) are becoming increasingly popular in hydraulic fracturing stages where linear or crosslinked guar gels are traditionally used. However, concerns remain regarding the proppant transport capability of HVFRs relative to that of traditional linear gels. To address these concerns, the proppant transport capability of a polyacrylamide-based HVFR is compared with that of linear guar at cost-parity concentrations. Correlation between the proppant transport capability and rheological properties of the fluids, including viscosity and elasticity, is also discussed.

A slot flow device was used to visualize the proppant transport performance of each fluid. The fluid concentrations ranged from 2.25 to 4.5 gpt (gallons per thousand gallons) for the HVFRs and 15# to 30# (pounds per thousand gallons) for guar, which were matched to achieve cost-parity between the two classes of fluids. The proppants used were 30/50, 20/40, and 12/20 mesh sand at 2 ppg (pounds per gallon) loading. Comprehensive rheological properties of the carrier fluids were characterized under steady-state and oscillatory shear and correlated with the observed proppant transport behavior.

At least two sand transport mechanisms were observable in the slot flow tests. Small sand particles remained suspended in the fluid and were transported by convection. Large sand particles settled quickly, but top layers of the settled particles crept forward at a slower speed. The HVFR showed significantly better sand transport efficiency than guar at cost-parity concentrations despite the fact that the HVFR had a lower viscosity at high shear rates. The improved sand transport performance may be attributed to two factors: first, sand particles were suspended for a longer time in the HVFR because of its elevated viscosity at lower shear rates in the center of the slot; second, the HVFR's increased elasticity in the high shear regime near the wall further enhanced sand suspension by providing an elastic lifting force to hinder sand settling. The elastic effect on sand settling is estimated to be much larger than the viscous effect for the HVFR investigated herein but is neglibile in guar. Field results validated the capability of the HVFR to carry proppants, including 20/40 mesh coarse sand, in situations where traditional slickwater FRs and linear guar gel failed.

This study demonstrated that the HVFR has superior proppant transport capability, relative to guar, at cost-parity concentrations despite having lower viscosity at high shear rates. The results indicate that the proppant transport performance of fracturing fluids correlates better with their elasticity and low shear viscosity than the high shear viscosity. Additionally, the findings provide much needed proppant transport data for field engineers to make rational choices for the selection of fracturing fluids.
Evaluation of Cement-Isolated Casing Liner and Degradable Particulate Diverter Refracturing Treatments in the Haynesville Shale
Authors: Cadotte R. J. , Crowley Zachary , Elbel Brittany
Published: January 2018

Evolution of completion techniques in the Haynesville Shale has increased the estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) on new wells by almost double compared to the average EUR of wells completed earlier in the reservoirs' development. Because of inadequate early-time completions, large amounts of reserves were bypassed. Refracturing methodology requires reevaluation, given the large inventory of understimulated wells and the potential EUR uplift.

Refracturing methods in the Haynesville Shale have been performed primarily by degradable particulate diversion using a bullhead treatment or, more recently, by cementing a smaller casing liner inside the existing wellbore. The ability to add additional stimulated reservoir volume and restore conductivity requires overcoming the primary challenges of depletion and discrete zonal isolation along the wellbore. The procedures used in both methods to address such challenges and achieve these goals can be analyzed, and the effectiveness of each approach can be measured using production data.

While both methods mentioned have experienced successful results, when evaluating the effectiveness of the treatment, the potential EUR uplift has to be considered since the two methodologies can vary greatly in cost. Certain cases might even require the mechanical isolation method instead of a bullhead method if the integrity of the existing tubulars cannot withstand pressure experienced during a refracturing treatment. The current dataset suggests that the total volume of reserves added from mechanically reworking the wellbore is generally larger than the particulate-diversion method. However, the cost to rework the wellbore and the volume of the refracturing treatment is also generally larger. The refracturing candidate well should be carefully analyzed to determine which type of treatment to apply.

A dataset of more than 40 wells, inclusive of wells restimulated by both techniques, is analyzed to assess the effectiveness of each refracturing technique. The production results were examined along with the original stimulation and restimulation treatments to determine the consistency and viability of the different techniques.