BIOTECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS IN VACCINE DEVELOPMENT FOR EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES: A FOCUS ON COVID-19
Authors: Ritambhara Mr. , Susmita Shukla Dr. , Raman Taramla 
Published: June 2024

In contemporary society, there is a growing awareness of the factors and situations that contribute to the spread of different infections. One should contemplate the individuals who may be at risk and assess the probability of potential infection. The severity of the coronavirus is much higher in those aged 60 and above, as well as those with pre-existing disorders such as lung or cardiac diseases, diabetes, or immunocompromised states. The transmission of the virus mostly occurs through airborne particles when people are in close proximity to an infected person, who expels these particles by respiration, sneezing, speaking, or whistling. These particles may then enter another individual's body through their oral, nasal, or ocular pathways, as well as through contact with contaminated surfaces. Contemporary sophisticated procedures, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), positron emission tomography (PET), and computed tomography (CT) scan, enable non-invasive examination of afflicted individuals, facilitating the exploration of concealed cerebral structures and yielding remarkable approaches for illness detection. One of the most recent technological advancements is the development of "Nanoshells," which are tiny particles coated with a layer of gold. The manipulation of the thickness of individual layers inside a nanoshell enables the deliberate design of structures that can selectively interact with certain frequencies of light. Due to their diminutive dimensions, nanoshells may be effectively incorporated inside a model and selectively accumulate at cancerous lesion sites via a disease-specific phenomenon known as enhanced permeation and retention. The rapid identification and diagnosis of diseases at the bedside may be facilitated by recent advancements in research, innovation, and successful clinical applications, as well as the development of novel tools. The need for novel diagnostic instruments is evident within the clinical setting, since accurate findings play a crucial role in the delivery of healthcare services. The provided information offers a comprehensive explanation of a patient's medical condition and sheds light on subsequent medical treatment options. The process of diagnosis is a complex and collaborative endeavour that involves the use of clinical reasoning and the gathering of evidence in order to determine a patient's medical condition. According to the publication "Improving Diagnosis in Health Care," the occurrence of analytic errors, which include both incorrect and delayed analysis, continues to adversely impact many dissatisfied individuals. Taking these factors into consideration, it is quite probable that a majority of individuals will encounter at least one significant error at some point in their lifetime, sometimes resulting in devastating consequences. Analytical errors have the potential to negatively impact patients by impeding or delaying appropriate therapy, administering unnecessary or harmful treatment, or resulting in psychological and financial consequences. The panel argued that enhancing the analytical engagement is not only feasible, but also encompasses ethical, professional, and overall well-being considerations. The use of contemporary technology has the potential to contribute significantly to the preservation of the whole human population, both now and in the future.