bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐117: O Films with Variable Tilt of Optical Axis for Display Application
Authors: Yaroshchuk Oleg , Dolgov Leonid , Ho Jacob , Kwok Hoi Sing , Chigrinov Vladimir , Takatsu Haruyoshi , Hasebe Hiroshi
Published: August 2007

The technology of positive O films with the tilt angle of optic axis continuously controlled in the range 0–90 ° is proposed. It is based on the use of reactive mesogenes and alignment materials providing wide range control of pretilt angle. The developed method helps to optimize angular characteristics of LCD with O films.
P‐118: Alignment and Optical Properties of Retarder Film Made of Photoreactive Calamitic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Lee Jang‐Ju , Kim Gil Ran , Kim Myung Kyu , Ahn Jinman , Kim Young Chul , Kim Sung Soo , Paek Sang‐Hyon
Published: August 2007

How the alignment and optical properties of liquid crystal polymer (LCP) film, formed by photo‐polymerization of reactive LCs, are affected by the alignment layer (AL) structure, the LC‐aligning method, and the polymerization conditions has been investigated. It has turned out that the alignment characteristics of LCP film greatly depend on the nature of AL and the polymerization condition and that its optical properties are governed by the degree of the in‐plane alignment of LC molecules. In the case of in‐air photo‐polymerization, a higher intensity of UV irradiation at a fixed exposure dosage has induced the higher degree of polymerization of LCP film and thus the better thermal stability than a lower intensity. The rubbed AL has induced the higher degree of the in‐plane alignment, with the tilted optic axis, and subsequently produced the better optical properties. On the other hand, photoalignment has generated the inferior LC alignment, with no tilt of the optic axis, indicating its low capability for aligning LC molecules.
P‐123: Image Sticking Analysis of Different Q‐time LC Cell by Machine Vision
Authors: Huang K. T. , Chao Andy , Yu C. H.
Published: August 2007

Image Sticking is one of critical issue in TFT‐LCD, since it affects product quality and also shows technical and manufacturing capability of LCD factory. In this paper, we use 2D‐CCD and automatic machine to measure image sticking phenomenon. The different Q‐time panels are measured to compare the image sticking level. A simple model is also proposed to evaluate the panel quality in this thesis. we can get the image sticking quantity by this kind measurement and realized the effect of different Q‐time.
P‐125: Sequential Color LCD Using No‐Bias Bend Mode
Authors: Yeung Fion S. Y. , Li Yuet‐Wing , Tan Li , Ho Jacob Y. L. , Li Kuen‐Kuen , Cheung Wai‐Shan , Kwok Hoi‐Sing
Published: August 2007

A field sequential color (FSC) LCD is made using the no‐bias bend (NBB) mode. This NBB mode is made possible using a nano‐structured alignment layer which is capable of producing any pretilt angles. This NBB pi‐cell has a total response time less than 1.3ms which is needed for FSC.
P‐132: Real‐Time Simulation Software for Electro‐Optical Calculation of LC Cells
Authors: Murauski Anatoli , Serdechnaya Svetlana , Kwok Hoi‐Sing
Published: August 2007

New principal for LCD modeling is proposed. We developed a real‐time simulation software based on fast algorithms for solving differential equation. Rapid calculation of LC structure allows the change of electrooptical response to be seen immediately after changing any parameters of liquid crystal or cell configuration. The software is useful for fitting the measured parameters related to LC materials and device and for device optimization. To demonstrate the power of this software, transmittance voltage dependences were simulated and relaxation time optimizations were carried out. Our rapid algorithm can be used for dynamic driving simulations and overdrive optimization as well.
P‐136: High Efficiency MVA‐mode TRLCD
Authors: Lo Cheng , Yang Tun‐Chun , Hu Chin‐Jen , Cheng Ching‐Sheng , Chang Chih‐Ming , Gan Feng‐Yuan
Published: August 2007

We have developed a novel transflective liquid crystal display (TRLCD) that uses a specific pixel structure and Multi‐domain Vertical Alignment (MVA) for driving liquid crystal cell with normal black operation under single cell gap. This structure can provide two individual driving gammas for both transmissive and reflective mode. Due to the single cell gap, it can simplify the fabrication process and obtain the higher contrast ratio. Liquid crystal molecules will reveal much better alignment because of the uniform strength by utilizing the square pixel structure.
P‐143: Wide Viewing Liquid Crystal Display based on a Multi‐Patterned Electrode
Authors: Kim Jun‐Hyung , Lee Tae‐Hee , Lee You‐Jin , Ra In‐Gwang , Choi Yoonseuk , Shin Dong‐Myung , Kim Jae‐Hoon
Published: August 2007

We proposed the wide‐viewing‐angle liquid crystal display (WVALCD) of the patterned vertical alignment (PVA) mode by adopting differential geometry of the electrode pattern. Due to the patterned electrode structure, we can obtain 8‐domain LC alignment in a simple fabrication process while the conventional PVA mode has only 4‐domain structure. This multi‐patterned electrode technique enlarges the viewing angle of LCD about 12% compared to the conventional PVA mode.
P‐148: Viewing Angle Switching in Vertical Alignment Liquid Crystal Display by Optimizing Pixel Structure and Controlling LC Orientation
Authors: Lim Young Jin , Jeong Eun , Kim Youn Sik , Rhee John Moon , Lee Gi‐Dong , Lee Seung Hee
Published: August 2007

Viewing angle control of a vertical alignment (VA) liquid crystal display using only one panel has been investigated. In conventional VA modes, LC director tilts down in four directions making 45° with respect to crossed polarizers to give rise to wide viewing angle. By dividing pixel into two regions or RGBW structure and controlling the LC director to tilt down to the polarizer axes, the image quality in oblique directions can be controlled without distorting the image quality at normal direction. Also using light leakage in oblique directions, any type of information such as characters and image can be generated. This generates extra image over a main image in oblique viewing directions, that is, the original image is overlapped with made image when the voltage is controlled to the extra pixel for viewing angle control.
P‐151: Efficient Solution‐Processable Solid‐State Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells Based on Host‐Guest Cationic Phosphorescent Complexes
Authors: Su Hai‐Ching , Wu Chung‐Chih , Fang Fu‐Chuan , Wong Ken‐Tsung
Published: August 2007

Efficient solution‐processable, small‐molecule and single‐layered organic light‐emitting devices based on host‐guest phosphorescent cationic metal complexes are reported. They show high quantum efficiencies (power efficiencies) of up to 10.4% (36.8 lm/W), representing a promising technique for solution‐processable OLEDs.
P‐157: Electrical Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Doped Multilayer Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes (OLEDs)
Authors: Pinot Christophe , Cloarec Hélène , Martinez Jean‐Claude , Maindron Tony , Vaufrey David , Prat Christophe , Doyeux Henri , Haas Gunther , Bonnassieux Yvan
Published: August 2007

This work aims at explaining and predicting the influence of dye doping and space charge effects on charge carrier transport at different operating temperatures. for that purpose, current‐voltage J‐V characteristics for typical electrically‐doped multilayer OLEDs have been simulated. The results are in good agreement with experiment.
P‐171: High‐Efficiency Low‐Voltage Phosphorescent OLED Devices with Mixed Host
Authors: Kondakova Marina E. , Deaton Joseph C. , Kondakov Denis Y. , Pawlik Thomas D. , Young Ralph H. , Brown Christopher T. , Giesen David J.
Published: August 2007

We demonstrate high‐efficiency, low‐voltage phosphorescent OLED devices (PHOLEDs) using mixed host materials in the light‐emitting layer (LEL) and novel formulations in the electrontransporting/ electron‐injecting layers (ETL/EIL). The LEL architecture offers significant improvement in efficiency and voltage compared to conventional phosphorescent OLEDs with carbazole‐based hosts. Further voltage reduction in our PHOLEDs is achieved through use of a novel material formulation in the ETL and EIL.
P‐175: Enhanced Outcoupling of Light from Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes by Microlens Arrays Based on Breath‐Figure Template
Authors: Chari Krishnan , Lander Charles W. , Wang Jin‐Shan , Preuss Donald R. , Shore Joel D.
Published: August 2007

We present a bottom‐up method of fabricating microlens arrays based on a template of close‐packed microvoids created by self‐assembly and subsequent evaporation of condensed water droplets on the surface of a polymer solution exposed to humid air. The pattern of microvoids is transferred to an optically transparent, thermally curable elastomer to form the microlens array. The method offers advantages over conventional top‐down microfabrication approaches in terms of easy fabrication, high fill factor, and near‐optimum shape of the microlenses. Attachment of the microlens array to the glass substrate of an OLED device results in a significant increase in total emission and external quantum efficiency. These experimental results are compared to the predictions of a hybrid ray optics/wave optics model that can be used to gain further understanding and to help optimize the system.
P‐176: Progress in Developing High Efficiency Quantum Dot Displays
Authors: Kazlas Peter T. , Steckel Jonathan S. , Cox Marshall , Roush Caroline , Ramprasad Dorai , Breen Craig , Misic Mead , DiFilippo Vincent , Anc Maria , Ritter John , Coe‐Sullivan Seth
Published: August 2007

LED displays utilizing quantum dots (QDs) as emitters offer several key advantages over traditional OLEDs, combining the solution processability of polymers with the high efficiency potential of phosphors, all with the stability benefits of an inorganic emitter. While QD‐LEDs are at an early stage in their development, the effort toward commercialization has already led to the identification of several considerations particular to QD‐LEDs. This paper explores material and design considerations for QD‐LEDs and reports our progress in developing QD‐LEDs for information display and advanced applications.
P‐180: Highly‐Efficient Tandem White Organic Light Emitting Devices
Authors: Yeh Pu‐Cheng , Hwang Shiao‐Wen , Ma Jia‐Wei , Ho Meng‐Huan , Hsu Shih Feng , Chen Chin H.
Published: August 2007

We demonstrate efficient tandem p‐i‐n White Organic Light Emitting Diodes (WOLEDs) with the transparent NPB:WO3 interconnecting layer. The CIEx,y coordinate, luminance yield and E.Q.E of the tandem OLEDs (at 20 mA/cm2) are (0.30, 0.43), 23.9 cd/A and 8.5%, respectively. The CIEx,y coordinates of the tandem OLEDs neither change (Δx,y < 0.02) with driving current nor with forward viewing angle (±60 degree). This performance of tandem WOLEDs represents considerable improvement over what have been known in the literature.
P‐182: New Deep‐Blue EML Materials Based on Fully Substituted Ethylene and Anthracene Derivatives
Authors: Kim Soo‐Kang , Park Jong‐Wook , Kim Kyoung‐Soo , Choi Cheol‐Kyu , Lee Sang‐Do , Kim Sang‐Wook
Published: August 2007

New blue fluorescent compounds containing tetra‐substituted ethylene moieties have been designed and synthesized. By fabricating multilayered non‐doped OLED devices using these new blue materials, we achieved luminance efficiencies of 4.00 lm/W (10.33 cd/A at 8.1 V) for BPBAPE[CB‐104] and 1.82 lm/W (3.93 cd/A at 6.8 V) for BTPPA [CB‐105B] at 10 mA/cm2. The BPBAPE [CB‐104] and BTPPA [CB‐105B] devices exhibited sky blue emission (0.195, 0.303) and deep blue emission (0.159, 0.135) at 10mA/cm2 respectively. We also synthesized new kinds of blue materials such as CB‐201, 202, and 203. CB‐203 device showed 3.11cd/A of current efficiency and (0.148, 0.088) CIE value.
P‐190: Method for Making Panels for Wedge Projection
Authors: Large Timothy , Buckingham Mark , Travis Adrian
Published: August 2007

Wedge projection displays can be made economically in small quantities by machining the wedge profile on a thick sheet of cast acrylic, machining a constant thickness on a thin sheet of cast acrylic, then index‐matching the two together. The resulting panels can have smoothnesses almost as good as float glass and transparencies approaching that of plastic optical fibre. When used in reverse as a camera, panels have resolutions of 4 line pairs per millimetre and contrast ratios of 200:1.
15.2: Distinguished Paper: Assessment of Temporal Blur‐Reduction Methods Using a Computational Observer that Predicts Human Performance
Authors: Liang Hongye , Park Subok , Gallas Brandon D. , Badano Aldo , Myers Kyle J.
Published: August 2007

We report on a method to assess the impact of temporal blur reduction techniques based on measured or modeled device temporal characteristics with a contrast‐sensitive computational observer that predicts human performance. We applied the method to the comparison of different devices and temporal blur reduction approaches.
18.1: Distinguished Paper: Novel TFT‐LCD Technology for Motion Blur Reduction Using 120Hz Driving with McFi
Authors: Kim Sang Soo , Kim Nam Deog , Berkeley Brian H. , You Bong Hyun , Nam Hyoungsik , Park Jae‐Hyeung , Lee Junpyo
Published: August 2007

Samsung has launched a 70‐inch Full HD (1920×1080) LCD‐TV panel which, on a commercial basis, is the world's largest size so far. This size is the maximum that can be achieved using a single polarizer sheet. Its features include 600 nits luminance, dynamic control using LED local dimming, 100,000:1 contrast ratio, and a color gamut of 105%. Also, it is the world's first high speed FHD 120Hz frame rate panel, accompanied by a newly developed pixel structure and driving scheme. This totally new driving method concept includes an alternative pixel structure developed from the 1G‐2D cell structure that we announced last year. Also, new product and design technology, optimized for larger sized LCD‐TV products, was adopted. This technology overcomes severe charging margin requirements, enabling manufacturability and high quality in Samsung's FHD line‐up (40″, 46″, 52″, 57″, 70″).
18.3: Additional Refresh Technology (ART) of Advanced‐MVA(AMVA) Mode for High Quality LCDs
Authors: Huang Yi‐Pai , Huang Wei‐Kai , Tsao Cheng‐Han , Su Jeng‐Jia , Hou Hong‐Lung , Liao Leo , Lee Chia‐Yu , Chang Ting‐Rei , Lin Yu‐Chieh , Chen Po‐Lun
Published: August 2007

We proposed “Additional Refresh Technology(ART)”, which has the features of low color washout and fast response speed by only modifying the pixel layout. Besides, by utilizing ART technology, the image can be real time optimized with simple method. ART have successfully been implemented as the Advanced‐MVA(AMVA) mode for AUO's LCD‐TV products, that ART has become the promising solution of advanced LCD‐TV panels for mass‐production.
19.2: Color Filter Formulations for Full‐Color OLED Displays: High Color Gamut Plus Improved Efficiency and Lifetime
Authors: Helber Margaret J. , Alessi Paula J. , Burberry Mitchell , Evans Steven , Brick M. Christine , Diehl Donald R. , Cok Ronald
Published: August 2007

This paper describes Eastman Kodak Company's new color filter formulations for use in White OLED displays. The new filters deliver a substantially higher color gamut compared with commercially available LCD filters at nominal thickness, and substantially higher efficiency and lifetimes, when compared with thickened versions of the same LCD filters.
19.3: Efficient White Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: D'Andrade Brian W. , Tsai Jui‐Yi , Lin Chun , Weaver Mike S. , Mackenzie Peter B. , Brown Julie J.
Published: August 2007

We demonstrate two phosphorescent white OLEDs. At 1,000 cd/m2, one has EQE = 20% at CIE = (0.38, 0.39), and another has 25 lm/W with CIE (0.39, 0.44). At 100 cd/m2and with outcoupling enhancements, devices either have total EQE = 37% or total efficacy = 51 lm/W.
20.1: Invited Paper: Metrology and Robustness of Bright‐Room Contrast Measurements
Authors: Kelley Edward F.
Published: August 2007

Bright‐room contrast measurements methods are being proposed by standards committees to characterize flat panel displays for living‐room ambient environments. Some proposals involve creating a room with an overhead light. By modeling the room as a sphere, we show how such room‐based measurement methods can be very irreproducible. Such methods can be modified and made robust by making direct‐source measurements combined with integrating‐sphere‐based diffuse reflectance measurements.
22.2: Dynamic Resolution: Motion Blur from Display and Camera
Authors: Klompenhouwer Michiel A.
Published: August 2007

Over the past years, many improvements in display motion portrayal have been introduced. In particular the reduction of motion blur on LCDs has received much attention. In this paper, we analyze motion blur (dynamic resolution) from a system perspective, also taking into account the dynamic resolution of the recorded video.
22.3: Viewing Angle‐Aware Color Correction for LCDs
Authors: Wu Chih‐Nan , Cheng Wei‐Chung
Published: August 2007

Viewing angle‐dependent color shift is one of the major drawbacks of liquid crystal displays (LCD). As the viewing angle increases, not only the luminance but also the color saturation reduces and compromises the image quality. In this paper, we characterize the viewing angle‐dependent color shift of an LCD and propose a compensation method of adjusting the backlights and panel transmittance simultaneously. By increasing the panel transmittance, the color shift and luminance attenuation can be minimized. By increasing or decreasing the backlight intensity, the original luminance can be preserved or the power consumption can be reduced. Similar to previous approaches, the proposed method requires a video camera to capture the user's location for calculating the viewing angle. We have also implemented an emulator for reproducing the viewing angle‐dependent visual effects.
22.4: Invited Paper: Augmented Vision Head‐Mounted Systems for Vision Impairments
Authors: Peli Eli , Luo Gang , Bowers Alex , Rensing Noa
Published: August 2007

We have developed, implemented and tested a novel concept of vision‐multiplexing using augmented vision systems for people with vision impairments. Minified contour images from a head‐mounted, miniature video camera are presented on a see‐through display providing visual field expansion while still enabling the full resolution of the residual central vision to be maintained.
25.2: Achieving Three‐Peak White Organic Light‐Emitting Devices Using Wavelength‐Selective Mirror Electrodes
Authors: Lu Yin‐Jui , Lin Chun‐Liang , Chang Chih‐Hao , Wu Chung‐Chih , Chen Liang‐Jyi , Hsu Hsiang‐Lun , Lin Yu‐Ting , Nishikawa Ryuji
Published: August 2007

We have developed an effective approach based on wavelength‐selective mirrors to implement three‐peak WOLEDs that have EL spectra matching better with transmission spectra of typical color filters and thus give much enhanced color gamut for full‐color OLED display applications. The wavelength‐selective mirror used is highly compatible with OLED fabrication.
25.3: Highly Efficient White Light Organic Light‐Emitting Device
Authors: Lin Mei‐Fang , Wang Lei , Wong Wai‐Kwok , Cheah Kok‐Wai , Tam Hoi‐Lam , Lee Meng‐Ting , Ho Meng‐Huan , Chen Chin H.
Published: August 2007

A highly efficient white organic light‐emitting device (OLED) with a novel sky blue dopant BUBD‐1 in a two‐color emission system was fabricated. The device achieved an EL efficiency of 17.1 cd/A and 7.9 lm/W at 20 mA/cm2 with CIEx,y coordinates of (x=0.29, y=0.41) which was not changed with drive conditions. The white light OLED reached a half‐decay t½ lifetime over 40,000 hours at an initial luminance of 300 cd/m2.
27.4: Statistical Approach to Find a Perceptually Relevant Measure for the Viewing Angle Dependency of Displays
Authors: Teunissen Kees , Qin Shaoling , Heynderickx Ingrid
Published: August 2007

The specification of the display's viewing angle as the angle, within which the contrast ratio is larger than 10:1, is still commonly used without any justification that this is a relevant specification from the consumer's point of view. In our search towards a perceptually relevant specification for the viewing angle, we performed a principal component and regression analysis to all physical characteristics of the display that might determine the viewing angle dependent image quality. This type of analysis was done for two types of LCDs and for one PDP. The results indicate that the luminance of the mid‐tone gray levels and the chromaticity coordinates of the primaries and the white‐point together determine the acceptable viewing angle.
30.1: Invited Paper: OLED Lifetime Issues in Mobile Phone Industry
Authors: Laäaäperi Antti , Hyytiäinen Ilkka , Mustonen Terhi , Kallio Samu
Published: August 2007

Lifetime issues have been hot topic through the history of OLED. Escpecially blue color has been problematic. A lot of research work has been carried out in OLED industry to improve the lifetime figures and results have been encouraging. However, it has been difficult to the mobile phone terminal makers to define, what is the acceptable lifetime in phone application. The limited lifetime is visible in the first place in the form of burn in images. These two issues have been the focus of this study.
31.2: Distinguished Student Paper: Ultra‐Slim Barrier Ribs for Plasma Display Panel by X‐ray Lithography Process
Authors: Ryu Seung‐Min , Han Manhee , Yang Dong‐Yol , Lee Seung S. , Kim Dong Ju , Park Lee Soon
Published: August 2007

X‐ray lithography is one of the most powerful processes in the fabrication of nano/micro structures with a high aspect ratio. This process enables the fabrication of closed‐cell type ultra‐slim barrier ribs for PDP. In this paper, ultra‐slim barrier ribs of 12 μm upper width before sintering were fabricated by x‐ray lithography.
32.2: Effect of Crosstalk in Multi‐View Autostereoscopic 3D Displays on Perceived Image Quality
Authors: Kaptein Ronald , Heynderickx Ingrid
Published: August 2007

The effect of crosstalk in multi‐view autostereoscopic 3D displays on perceived image quality is assessed in two experiments. The first experiment shows that preference decreases with increasing crosstalk, but not as strong as expected. The second experiment shows that the crosstalk visibility threshold is higher than found in earlier studies.
35.4: Novel Transflective LCD with Micro‐lens Array to Double the Brightness
Authors: Sato Takashi , Watanabe Hisashi , Shibata Satoshi , Tomotoshi Takuma , Narutaki Yozo , Itoh Yasuhisa , Okamoto Kenji
Published: August 2007

A Novel transflective LCD has been developed with introducing a microlens array and a highly collimated backlight system. This new technology provides excellent visibility both outdoors and indoors without increasing power consumption of backlight.
35.5L: Late‐News Paper: A Direct‐View MEMS Display for Mobile Applications
Authors: Hagood Nesbitt , Barton Roger , Brosnihan Tim , Fijol John , Gandhi Jignesh , Halfman Mark , Payne Richard , Steyn J. Lodewyk
Published: August 2007

With the continued proliferation of display intensive applications for portable electronics devices, the need for lower power, higher image quality video displays has never been greater. Pixtronix is uniquely able to meet these requirements through its MEMS (micro‐electo‐mechanical system) display technology, which enables the development of direct view displays with breakthrough optical transmission over 60%, color gamut over 100% (of NTSC, CIE 1931), 1,000:1 contrast ratio and wide view angles.
36‐1: Invited Paper: 2nd Generation Organics: High Power Efficiency, Ultra Long Life, and Low‐Cost OLED Devices
Authors: Huang Qiang , Meerheim Rico , Fehse Karsten , Schwartz Gregor , Reineke Sebastian , Walzer Karsten , Leo Karl
Published: August 2007

First‐Generation OLEDs were employing bottom‐emitting structures with limited efficiency and rather high operating voltage. We demonstrate a number of novel approaches which allow realizing high‐efficiency OLEDs with flexible configuration and on low‐cost substrates. Electrically doped transport layers play a key role to achieve these favorable properties: First, we discuss monochromic and white pin‐OLED structures with very high efficiency. Then, we show top‐emitting OLEDs with doped transport layers which allow to easily optimize the optical outcoupling. Finally, we report on pin‐OLED with extremely long life times.
38.2: Lifetime Improvement of Eu‐doped BAM by Plasma Treatment
Authors: Kajiyama Hiroshi , Tanno Hiroaki , Shinoda Tsutae , Fukasawa Takayuki , Ramasamy Raju , Shanmugavelayutham Gurusamy , Yasuda Tohru
Published: August 2007

The effect of plasma treatment on the luminance efficacy of BaMgAl10O17: Eu2+ (BAM: Eu2+) is investigated. Among argon‐based plasmas with hydrogen or oxygen, it is confirmed that the hydrogen addition to argon plasma supremely improves the lifetime of BAM: Eu2+. The photoluminescence (PL) and thermoluminescence (TL) measurements reveal that the electron traps closely concerned with degradation are reduced by the hydrogen plasma. The PL measurements on BaMgAl10O17 strongly suggest that the vacancies and/or defects in BAM crystal are somehow repaired by hydrogen bridge formation.
40.2: Invited Paper: New Developments and Applications Update of BiNem® Displays
Authors: Angelé Jacques , Stoenescu Daniel , Dozov Ivan , Osterman Jesper , Laffitte Jean‐Denis , Compagnon Maxime , Emeraud Thierry , Leblanc François
Published: August 2007

We describe a new alignment material for BiNem® displays with improved azimuthal / zenithal anchoring energies that show no after‐image effects and can withstand low and high temperature storage tests. We also describe a partial image refreshing driving mode to improve the response time of BiNem displays. We introduce display modules designed for electronic shelf label and e‐dictionary applications.
40.4: An Electrophoretic LCD: Switching with Threshold and Video Rate
Authors: Sikharulidze David
Published: August 2007

Here is presented an electrophoretic liquid crystal (EPLC) display, which employs a suspension of pigments with liquid crystals and exhibits switching with threshold and fast response, enabling video rate. The dielectric anisotropy of the LC medium, allowing by applying voltage switching between states with high and low dielectric permittivity, is responsible for this unusual electrophoretic switching.
41.2: Micro Silicon Technology for Active Matrix OLED Display
Authors: Arai Toshiaki , Morosawa Narihiro , Hiromasu Yasunobu , Hidaka Koji , Nakayama Tetsuo , Makita Atsuya , Toyota Motohiro , Hayashi Naoki , Yoshimura Yusuke , Sato Ayumu , Namekawa Kimiyasu , Inagaki Yoshio , Umezu Nobuhiko , Tatsuki Koichi
Published: August 2007

We developed novel “Micro Silicon” technology for AM‐OLED display. The micro crystalline silicon TFTs formed by dLTA (diode Laser Thermal Anneal) system realized uniform and stable current flow in large display area. A 27.3‐inch diagonal AM‐OLED display was demonstrated to provide applicable solution for OLED TV mass‐production.
44.3: Advantages of Two Spatial Nonlinear Channels for Color Manipulation
Authors: Pan Hao , Daly Scott
Published: August 2007

Recent emerging wide‐color gamut displays place extra difficulties on the traditional pixel‐based color manipulation methods. The increase in color saturation stretches the signals as desired, but also the noise, generally making it objectionable for saturation gains of 2 or higher. The higher contrast and lower display noise of current displays further contribute to the source noise/artifact visibility.

In this paper, we propose an image color manipulation pipeline architecture that decomposes the input into two spatial frequency bands, and the color processing is applied only to the lower frequency band. To avoid problems due to transition widths around edges that lead to ghost edges, noise variations around edges, or false colors at edges, we use a nonlinear filter, sigma filter, for the decomposition.
44.5: Dynamic Wide‐Color‐Gamut RGBW Display
Authors: Langendijk Erno H. A. , Belik Oleg , Budzelaar Frank , Vossen Frank
Published: August 2007

LCD displays with an additional white primary (RGBW displays) have some clear advantages over conventional RGB displays. Firstly, they can transmit 50% more light and secondly they can have 50% more resolution compared to a conventional RGB display. RGBW displays also have a clear disadvantage; the display gamut does not match with the standard three‐primary (RGB) input gamut. Up to now, this resulted in rather poor color rendition of such displays, which prevented mass‐introduction in the (high‐end) LCD‐TV market. This paper presents the Philips Dynamic Gamut concept that solves the color rendition issues and describes the technical details of a 26″ demonstrator that proves the concept.
45.1: Invited Paper: Ultra‐thin and Flexible LSI Driver Mounted Electronic Paper Display using Quick‐Response Liquid‐Powder Technology
Authors: Sakurai Ryo , Hattori Reiji , Asakawa Michihiro , Nakashima Takuro , Tanuma Itsuo , Yokoo Akihiko , Nihei Norio , Masuda Yoshitomo
Published: August 2007

The thin and flexible LSI driver with a thickness of less than 40μm for passive‐matrix driven Quick‐Response Liquid Powder Display (QR‐LPD™) was successfully mounted onto the flexible printed circuit (FPC). The mounted LSI on the plastic substrate shows no significant degradation in the driving performances and keeps physical flexibility without any failures of connection. This technology can realize the fully flexible electronic paper in combination with a plastic substrate QR‐LPD™ fabricated by roll‐to‐roll process.
46.1: Invited Paper: Integrated a‐Si:H TFT Gate Driver Circuits on Large Area TFT‐LCDs
Authors: Moon Seung‐Hwan , Lee Yong‐Soon , Lee Min‐Cheol , Berkeley Brian H. , Kim Nam‐Deog , Kim Sang‐Soo
Published: August 2007

Integrated a‐Si:H TFT gate driver circuits on large area TFT‐LCDs are reviewed. A novel AC‐biased holding circuit to stabilize the floating node of the shift register on the gate drivers is proposed to improve the driver reliability. Experimental confirmation validates that the new a‐Si:H TFT gate drivers are highly reliable
47.3: Invited Paper: Bipolar Carrier Transport in Organic Small Molecules for OLEDs
Authors: So Shu K. , Tse Shing C.
Published: August 2007

This paper presents charge transport measurements of two important classes of materials for OLEDs applications, namely, 9,10‐di(2‐naphthyl)anthracene (ADN), and nathylphenylamine compounds (e.g. NPB). Both classes of materials turn out to be bipolar. The mechanisms of bipolar transport will be examined and their impact on device fabrication will be addressed.
47.4L: Late‐News Paper: High‐efficiency White Organic Light‐emitting Diodes with a Two‐stack Multi‐photon Emission Structure
Authors: Ishihara Shingo , Masuda Kazuhito , Sakaki Youichi , Kotaki Hiroshi , Aratani Sukekazu
Published: August 2007

We have demonstrated a novel white OLED with two vertically stacked emission units. The first emission unit employs a blue fluorescent emitter and the second one uses green and red phosphorescent emitters. The device architecture achieves low‐driving voltage and the combination of the emitters without deterioration in luminous efficiency.
49.3:Invited Paper: High Efficient Discharge Mode in an AC PDP with an Auxiliary Electrode
Authors: Choi Kyung Cheol , Cho Kwan Hyun , Lee Sung‐Min , Jang Cheol , Mun Jeong Hun , Kim Seung Hun
Published: August 2007

A high efficacy AC PDP with an auxiliary electrode was investigated with the aim of attaining a better understanding of the discharge mechanism in a display cell. There are three types of discharge modes in an AC PDP with an auxiliary electrode; however, only two discharge modes that can decrease the discharge current are recommended for use in a high efficacy AC PDP. The discharge current decreased as the auxiliary pulse voltage increased because the wall charges on the sustain electrode were erased. However, the IR intensity did not decrease as the auxiliary pulse was applied. It was also found that the auxiliary pulse provides priming particles for the following periodic sustain pulse discharge. Consequently, there is a decrease in the discharge current without a reduction of the luminance and priming particles due to the auxiliary pulse. This can enhance the excitation rate of the discharges generated in the display cell of an AC PDP with an auxiliary electrode.
50.2 Vertically Differential Encoding Method for Low‐Power LCD Interface
Authors: Okumura Haruhiko , Baba Masahiro , Takagi Ayako
Published: August 2007

Based on our original LCD interface technology, the Vertically Differential Encoding (VDE) method for LCD panel interface that reduced the EMI by −15dB [1], we have developed a Color Differential VDE (CD‐VDE) with fixed length coding as a low‐power LCD interface that can reduce the clock frequency to half without noticeable image degradation. We have reduced the power consumption by 14% for a 14‐in LCD with SXGA+ resolution by developing an FPGA with the CD‐VDE algorithm.
51.3: Thin Coatable Birefringent Films and Their Application to VA and IPS Mode LCDs
Authors: Palto Serguei , Kasianova Irina , Kharatiyan Ellina , Kuzmin Valery , Lazarev Alexander , Lazarev Pavel
Published: August 2007

Crysoptix developed a novel approach to manufacturing coatable Thin Birefringence Film (TBF™) retarders based on molecular engineering of organic transparent materials. The advanced approach allows adjusting chemical structure of low molecular weight components with printing deposition techniques (including roll‐to‐roll slot die) to produce the coatable sub‐micron Thin Birefringent Films (TBF™) with the required three‐dimensional refractive index and retardation. We designed a variety of TBF™ with negative A‐plate, negative C‐plate, and biaxial retardation functions. We have developed new designs of VA and IPS LCD modes based on experimental value of refractive indices for negative C‐type and biaxial TBF™ retarders. Numerical simulation and device prototype testing have shown that application of the TBF™ retarders provides efficient optical compensation of LCD working in both VA and IPS modes.
52.3: 2.2 Inch qqVGA AMOLED Driven by Si TFT with Active Layer Deposited at Room Temperature
Authors: Jung Ji Sim , Park Kyung Bae , Ryu Myung Kwan , Lee Sang Yoon , Kim Jong Min , Kwon Jang Yeon
Published: August 2007

We have successfully fabricated 2.2inch AMOLED display using Si TFT with Si channel formed at room temperature (R.T.). The Si channel layer was deposited by ICP CVD at room temperature. Our R.T. Si TFT showed a field‐effect mobility of 0.07cm2/Vsec, 6 V of threshold voltage, 2.2 pA of off current, and 1E6 of on‐off ratio. Based on these performances, active matrix backplane was fabricated with Si TFT with a conventional pixel circuit consisting of 2 TFTs and 1 capacitance.
53.3: Manufacturing of 4th Generation OLED Masks with the Laser MicroJet® Technology
Authors: Mai Tuan Anh , Richerzhagen Bernold
Published: August 2007

Display manufacturers are investing heavily into production lines for OLED (Organic Light‐Emitting Diode) displays. Volume production of active‐matrix OLED has already started. The production will increase through the TV mobile phones demand for high‐resolution mobile displays as the AM OLED can switch pixels 1,000 times faster than TFT‐LCD technology. A typical mask is only 40 micron thick and has millions of tiny but lengthy apertures. The requirement for accuracy is very high, since several masks are used for the same display. A new micro‐machining technology, ‐ a hybrid of laser and water jet technology, the water jet‐guided laser, also called as Laser MicroJet® technology ‐ has been developed for OLED mask cutting. By combining a hair‐thin low‐pressure water jet and a powerful short‐pulsed Ytterbium fiber laser, the problem of heat damage has been completely solved. The Laser MicroJet® technology can produce small delicate openings with totally clean edges (no dross or slag). The cut apertures are free of contamination and thermal stress. Precision (few microns) and speed (25,000 – 30,000 apertures per hour) is so high so that the manufacturing costs for OLED masks can be drastically reduced. The process is applicable for any mask dimension. Synova cutting systems, which have a cutting area of 1300 × 900 mm for producing 4th generation OLED masks are being used now at major mask manufacturers.
53.4: Ultra‐Thin Flexible OLED Device
Authors: Lifka Herbert , Tanase Cristina , McCulloch Dave , Van de Weijer Peter , French Ian
Published: August 2007

A new method of making ultra‐thin flexible organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) using standard OLED fabrication facilities is reported. Through use of the Electronics on Plastic by Laser Release (EPLaR) technology, we have developed and demonstrated 18‐μm thick single‐pixel OLEDs. In this paper, besides describing the fabrication method, the electrical and optical performance of the flexible OLEDs is reported.
54.3: Drop Landing Accuracy Improvements in Inkjet Printed OLED Displays
Authors: Bruner Scott , Xu David , Phillips Chris
Published: August 2007

Producing high quality full colour polymer OLED displays by inkjet printing requires accurate placement of ink droplets into predefined pixel well structures. Recent improvements in inkjet printer design have significantly increased the drop landing accuracy, making it possible to inkjet print higher resolution displays.
56.3: A High‐Speed Low‐Power Rail‐to‐Rail Buffer Amplifier for LCD Driver Application
Authors: Lu Chih‐Wen
Published: August 2007

A high‐speed low‐power rail‐to‐rail buffer amplifier, which is suitable for liquid crystal display driver application, is proposed. The buffer draws little current while static but has a large driving capability while transient. The circuit achieves the low dc power consumption but large driving capability by employing the variable‐gain amplifiers to sense the transients of the input to turn on the output transistors, which are statically off in the stable state. This increases the speed of the circuit without increasing static power consumption too much. An experimental prototype output buffer implemented in a 0.35‐μm CMOS technology demonstrates that the circuit can operate under a wide power supply range. Quiescent current of 5 μA is measured. The buffer exhibits the settling times of 1.5 μs for a voltage swing of 0.1 ∼ (VDD – 0.1) V under a 600 pF capacitance load. The area of this buffer is 30×98μm2.
56.4: A Cascaded‐Dividing Current DAC with Fine Pitch for High‐Resolution AMOLED Display Drivers
Authors: Jeon Yong‐Joon , Son Young‐Suk , Jeon Jin‐Yong , Lee Gun‐Ho , Lee Hyung‐Min , Jung Seung‐Chul , Cho Gyu‐Hyeong
Published: August 2007

An 8‐bit cascaded‐dividing DAC that can operate at a low power supply voltage is proposed. Occupying less than one eleventh of the chip area of a conventional binary‐weighted DAC with an equivalent resolution, the proposed DAC features a low operation voltage of 2 V with a good DNL and INL of less than 0.15 LSB. The proposed DAC is expected to be adequate for current‐driving AMOLED drivers that have very demanding requirements of a narrow channel pitch as well as high linearity and resolution for the data channel DACs.
56.5: High‐Speed and Low‐Power Analog Source Driver for TFT‐LCD Using Dynamic Current Biased Operational Amplifier
Authors: Choi Jinyong , Min Kyungyoul , Yoo Changsik
Published: August 2007

This paper describes high‐speed and low‐power analog source driver built with operational amplifier (OPAMP) for driving large resistive and capacitive load of TFT‐LCD panel. To obtain large slew‐rate without increasing quiescent current, dynamic current biasing scheme is developed. The dynamic current bias circuit operates as auxiliary current source and supplies or sinks large amount of current only when the OPAMP is slewing. The analog source driver is implemented in a 0.35μm CMOS process, and for 20KΩ and 200pF data‐line loading of 30‐inch TFT‐LCD panel, the settling time is 7.2μs and 6.4μs respectively for rising and falling while the quiescent current is only 5∼6.5μA.
57.1: Novel Pixel Design for a Transflective IPS‐LCD with an In‐Cell Retarder
Authors: Imayama Hirotaka , Tanno Junji , Igeta Koichi , Morimoto Masateru , Komura Shinichi , Nagata Tetsuya , Itou Osamu , Hirota Shoichi
Published: August 2007

We have successfully developed 2.4″QVGA transflective IPS‐LCDs which maintains excellent transmissive performance and higher reflectance. We have an in‐cell retarder patterned only in the reflective region. And we devised the pixel design so that the reflectance became higher. We have realized transflective LCDs with sufficient outdoor readability and wide viewing angle. Furthermore, we reduced thickness of the LCD panel at the same time.
57.5L: Late‐News Paper: MVA Mode with Improved Color‐wash‐out for Mobile Application
Authors: Shibazaki Minoru , Sugiyama Masaru , Takahashi Satoru , Yoshiga Masahiro , Inada Toshiya , Lee Hao‐Chun , Yu Ming‐Wei , Wu Ming‐Feng , Chang Chin‐Han , Chang Tao‐Sheng , Chang Yao‐Jen , Wu I‐Lin , Chang Wei‐Chih , Ting Dai‐Liang
Published: August 2007

In this paper, we describe a new MVA technology for wider viewing angle. The MVA mode has a color‐wash‐out issue when the panel is seen from a large viewing angle. In order to solve this, we have optimized a halftone‐grayscale method for MVA mode. We have also developed a new pixel structure with an ITO etched pattern on the CF side for transmissive panels. As a result, we have obtained a better viewing angle performance with less color‐wash‐out.
58.3: 7‐inch Color VGA flexible TFT LCD on Colorless Polyimide Substrate with 200 °C a‐Si:H TFTs
Authors: Yeh Yung‐Hui , Cheng Chun‐Cheng , Ho King‐Yuan , Chen Po‐Chiu , Lee Min Hung , Huang Jung‐Jie , Tyan Horng‐Long , Leu Chyi‐Ming , Chang Chich‐Shang , Lee Kuo‐Chang , Fang Su‐Yu , Chen Tai‐Hong , Pan Ching‐Yuan
Published: August 2007

A 7‐inch VGA transmissive‐type active matrix TFT‐LCD display with a‐Si TFT fabricated on colorless polyimide (PI) substrate is demonstrated. The proposed colorless PI substrate has the features of high Tg (∼350 °C) and high light transmittance (∼90%). The electrical and mechanical reliability for a‐Si TFT fabricated at 200 °C have also been studied.
58.5: Late‐News Paper: 14.3 inch Active Matrix‐Based Plastic Electrophoretic Display Using Low Temperature Processes
Authors: Hwang Tae Hyung , Lee Woojae , Hong Wang Su , Kim Sung Jin , Kim Sang Il , Roh Nam Seok , Nikulin Ivan , Choi Jeong Ye , Jeon Hyung Il , Hong Seok Joon , Lee Jeong Kuk , Han Mi Jung , Baek Seung Jin , Kim Meonghee , Lee Son Uk , Shin Seong Sik
Published: August 2007

A 14.3‐inch black and white plastic electrophoretic display (EPD) was developed at the resolution of 1280 × 900 lines (112 ppi). All of the processes of TFT and electrophoretic sheet (EPS) lamination were not only carried out below 120°C, but also optimized for large area TFT‐EPD on PEN plastic films.
59.4: Microcavity Top‐Emitting OLEDs Integrated with Microlens Arrays: Simultaneous Enhancement of Quantum Efficiency, cd/A Efficiency and Color Performances
Authors: Yang Chih‐Jen , Hsieh Hsing‐Hung , Liu Chih‐Che , Liu Su Hao , Cho Ting‐Yi , Wu Chung‐Chih
Published: August 2007

In this paper, we show that by integrating microcavity OLEDs with microlenses, all the external quantum efficiency, cd/A efficiency, color saturation, and small color shift with viewing angles can be simultaneously achieved, making it a universal device architecture for various applications
60.2: Research on Next‐Generation Manufacturing Method of Plasma Display Panels via Lift‐Off Process
Authors: Morinaga Eiji , Satoh Ryohei , Nakagawa Kouji , Miyagawa Haruhiko , Usui Reo , Iwata Yoshiharu
Published: August 2007

This paper aims to develop the next‐generation manufacturing method of plasma display panels (PDPs) which is superior in cost‐performance and environmental damage to current methods, by introducing the lift‐off process in place of the etching process. The lift‐off process, which has been applied in the LSI fields, has been faced problems caused by inappropriate resist profiles, such as difficulty in resist removal and low pattern accuracy. Moreover, in PDP processes, inappropriate profiles cause more serious problems. In this paper, the inversely tapered and T‐shaped resist profile is proposed, and its feasibility is experimentally proved. for proper design of the proposed profile, deposition model onto the profile is discussed, and a method based on the model is given.
63.3: High Resolution OTFT‐OLED on Plastic Substrate Using Self‐organized Process
Authors: Han Seung Hoon , Son Young Rae , Lee Sun Hee , Lee Ki Jung , Cho Geun Sang , Kim Wan Sun , Park Tae Jin , Jeon Woo Sik , Choo Dong Joon , Jang Jin
Published: August 2007

A high resolution (2 inch, 80 dpi) organic thin‐film transistor driven light‐emitting diode has been developed on plastic substrate. The pentacene OTFT array was fabricated using self‐organized process. The TFT in the array exhibited an average field‐effect mobility of ∼1 cm2/Vs, an on/off current ratio of 107, and a threshold voltage of ∼ −8 V after the bank formation with parylene‐C / SiNx, which is good enough to drive OLEDs. An AMOLED was driven in the bent state of 100 mm radius.
64.3: High‐Efficiency Phosphorescent White OLEDs Using Red‐Emitting Osmium Complex and Blue‐Emitting Iridium Complex
Authors: Chang Chih‐Hao , Chang Chih‐Kai , Lin Chun‐Liang , Lin You‐Heng , Su Hai‐Ching , Wu Chung‐Chih , Chen Li‐Shiuan , Wu Wen‐Wen , Chi Yun
Published: August 2007

In this paper, by using the unique properties of the efficient red‐emitting Osmium (Os) complex in combination with an efficient blue‐emitting Iridium (Ir) complex, we report WOLEDs with forward viewing efficiencies up to (17% photon/electron, 36 cd/A, 28 lm/W) and total peak external efficiencies up to (28.8 %, 47.5 lm/W). Results show that the Os complex is a multi‐functional material that could be useful for implementing highly efficient and color‐stable phosphorescent OLEDs.
65.3: Intrinsic Patterning Principle on Array Repair Using “Laser Metal Transfer”
Authors: Kojima Eisaku , Wada Takehiko
Published: August 2007

As alternative technology for flat panel wiring repair, the new method has been developed by solid state metal transfer using pulsed infra‐red laser. This technology realizes about 10 times faster and half cost manufacturing processes than usual laser CVD. And it also realizes in‐line wiring repair with its aspect feature of min 2μm width / 0.3 μm height pattern of arbitrary length.
67.3: Electrochemical Reaction Display with Dual Reflective and Emissive Modes
Authors: Enomoto Shintaro , Mizuno Yukitami , Saito Nobuyoshi , Kizaki Yukio , Amemiya Isao , Uchikoga Shuichi
Published: August 2007

We have developed an electrochemical reaction display (ECRD) that can be operated in dual reflective and emissive modes in an entire pixel area of a single device. The ECRD utilizes electrochromic (EC) and electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) reactions. These two electrochemical reactions can be controlled independently by adding a luminescent molecule to a liquid electrolyte of an EC cell with three electrodes. In the reflective mode, the ECRD cell exhibits high reflectance (47%) and high contrast ratio (6:1). In the emissive mode, the cell can show luminescent moving images because of the fast response time (10 ms).