bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cumplimiento de las medidas preventivas en pacientes con ventilación mecánica en la Unidad de Cuidados Críticos del Hospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, 2016
Authors: Medina Laura Gladys , Gutiérrez Crespo Hugo , Zamudio Eslava Luisa A.
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: Determinar el cumplimiento de las medidas preventivas en pacientes con ventilación mecánica en la Unidad de Cuidados Críticos del Hospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen. Material y Métodos: Estudio observacional, prospectivo y de corte longitudinal. La población estuvo conformada por los pacientes que ingresaron a la Unidad de Cuidados Críticos. Se utilizó una muestra no probabilística por conveniencia, conformada por 50 pacientes que fueron estudiados durante los meses de junio a noviembre del año 2016; fueron excluidos los pacientes que fallecieron en las primeras 48 horas de su ingreso. El instrumento utilizado fue una lista de verificación constituida por un conjunto de seis medidas preventivas con respuestas de tipo dicotómica, con una confiabilidad de 0.80, mediante el método de Kuder Richarson. Resultados: El 52% de los pacientes tenía una edad ≥ 60 años, con predominio del sexo masculino. La patología respiratoria se representó en el 60% de los casos, el 58% de los pacientes tuvieron entre 10 y 19 días de uso de ventilación mecánica y el 78% no presentó  neumonía. El manejo adecuado de la vía área, la higiene de manos durante el manejo de la vía aérea y la elevación de la cabecera, presentaron 73.6% de cumplimiento, mientras que la valoración y registro de la necesidad de sedoanalgesia, presentó 70.9% de cumplimiento. Conclusiones: En el 54% de los pacientes estudiados se cumplieron las medidas preventivas.
Conocimientos, Actitudes y Prácticas en higiene y manipulación de alimentos de los trabajadores en los restaurantes de Miraflores y Lurigancho-Chosica, 2017
Authors: Torres Ramírez Ruth Madelen , Moori Apolinario Silvia Elida
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: Determinar la relación de los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre higiene y manipulación de alimentos de los trabajadores en los restaurantes de Miraflores y Lurigancho-Chosica. Metodología: Tipo descriptivo y correlacional. La muestra estuvo conformada por 125 manipuladores de Miraflores y 125 de Lurigancho-Chosica; se utilizó el cuestionario de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre higiene y manipulación de alimentos. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que en Miraflores y en Lurigancho-Chosica el 70.4% y el 59.2% presentaban conocimientos altos sobre higiene y manipulación de alimentos, del mismo modo se encontró, en ambos distritos, actitudes muy positivas sobre higiene y manipulación de alimentos en un 94.4% y 93.6% respectivamente. En Miraflores, el 97.6% de manipuladores presentan un nivel alto de prácticas, mientras que en Lurigancho-Chosica la proporción es menor con 54.4%. Conclusión: Se observó que los manipuladores de Miraflores cuentan con un nivel más alto de conocimientos y prácticas sobre higiene y manipulación de alimentos que el distrito de Lurigancho-Chosica, a pesar de este resultado, se encontró una actitud muy positiva sobre higiene y manipulación de alimentos en ambos distritos. Por otro lado, los conocimientos y las actitudes están correlacionados para ambos distritos de manera significativa (p>.05).
Relación entre depresión y calidad de vida en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas de un hospital de nivel I de Lima Este
Authors: Roque Afray Missael Gabriel
Published: August 2018

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre depresión y calidad de vida en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas de un Hospital de Nivel I de Lima Este. El presente estudio es de diseño, no experimental, de corte transversal y de tipo correlacional. Los instrumentos utilizados para la medición fueron: el Cuestionario de Estado de Salud SF36, el cual contiene ocho dimensiones y la Escala de Depresión de Hamilton. La muestra estuvo conformada por 61 pacientes con enfermedades crónicas, de ambos sexos y con edades entre 20 y 80 años. En los resultados se encontró relación inversa altamente significativa entre depresión y las ocho dimensiones de calidad de vida, obteniéndose como función física (rho= -.331; p<0.01), rol físico (rho= -.407; p<0.01), dolor corporal (rho= -.448; p<0.01), salud general (rho= -.467; p<0.01), rol emocional (rho= -.518; p<0.01), función social (rho= -.537; p<0.01), vitalidad (rho= -.637; p<0.01) y salud mental (rho= -.566; p<0.01). Por lo tanto, se concluye que a mayores niveles de depresión, menor será la calidad de vida en los pacientes con enfermedades crónicas de un hospital de Nivel 1 de Lima Este.
THE ROLE OF OVARIAN SUPPRESSION IN THE TREATMENT OF EARLY-STAGE HORMONE-SENSITIVE BREAST CANCER
Authors: Koroleva I. A. , Kopp M. V.
Published: August 2018

Ovarian suppression (OS) is an effective method of treating hormone sensitive breast cancer. The combination of OS and tamoxifen in breast cancer is more effective than any of these methods used as monotherapy. A number of clinical trials confirmed the need for OS chemotherapy in patients with hormone-positive operable breast cancer, because women retained their menstrual function for 5 years. OS chemotherapy during adjuvant chemotherapy allows preserving fertility in patients with breast cancer.
Blended Learning Practice in Russia: the History of one Experiment
Authors: Andreyeva N.V.
Published: August 2018

The paper describes various approaches to the definition and implementation of blended learning in Russia and gives a brief overview of its development in Russia, focusing especially on one experimental case of introducing blended learning in one of the Moscow schools. The experiment lasted for two years and included students of four 5th-6th classes. The results suggest that blended learning in Math lessons has a positive effect on the quality of intersubject and metasubject educational outcomes. It is argued that such an improvement is not the effect of a particular, unique model of blended learning, but of a model which integrates a number of factors influencing the educational outcome. Supposedly, this result is achieved due to interim assessments and the teacher’s individual work with children who have difficulties with mastering new material and/or have not fully understood previous topics.
PENGARUH SUBSTITUSI TEPUNG KIMPUL (Xanthosomasagittifolium) TERHADAP TINGKAT PENGEMBANGAN DAN DAYA TERIMA BOLU
Authors: Kumara Faresia Milda , Purwani Eni -
Published: August 2018

The lack of utilization of local food one of which is kimpul (Xanthosomasagittifolium). Processed into flour is one of the methods for kimpul so it can be utilized into various food products such as cake. Kimpul has no gluten content such as wheat flour so it affects the expansion level and sensory preferences of the cake.The purpose of this study was toknow the relation of substitution ofkimpulflour to the expansion level and sensory preferences of cake. This research isusing an experimental study. The object used in this research is cake with 0%; 12.5%; 25%; 37.5% substitution of kimpul flour. Panelists used in this study were 33 panelists. What is assessed are the expansion level of cake from each substitution and the sensory preferences includes color, aroma, taste, texture and overall by the panelists. The analysis of the expansion level of cake by substitution of kimpul flour was done using one way Anova test, while for the sensory preferences using Friedman test and Duncan test.This study shows the best cake cultivation rate is cake with  12.5% of kimpul flour substitution with an average of 88.56% followed by cake with 25% of kimpul flour substitution with an average of 85.82%. In the overall sensory preferences test,most of panelists prefercake with 0% of kimpul flour substitution and followed by cake with 12.5% of kimpul flour substitution. This study can be concluded thatthere are no effects ofkimpul flour substitution on the expansion level of the cake, and there are effects of kimpul flour substitution on the sensory preferences test of the cake.
El emprendimiento: algunas reflexiones desde un enfoque de revisión
Authors: Uribe-Macías Mario Enrique
Published: August 2018

Usualmente, los elementos relacionados con el emprendimiento se analizan por separado, situación que puede conducir a los interesados a perder la visión holística que lo caracteriza. El objetivo de este artículo es proponer elementos de juicio para ampliar la discusión y posterior realización de estudios empíricos que conduzcan a fortalecer el estado del arte del tema. Para ello, se utilizó la técnica de revisión documental enfocada en seis elementos conceptuales atados al emprendimiento, que van desde lo personal (características del emprendedor, liderazgo, personalidad, capital relacional) hasta lo estructural (emprendimiento corporativo, ecosistema emprendedor). Los resultados se concentran en resaltar las relaciones que se dan entre cada uno de los elementos y el emprendimiento, para evidenciar una fuerte influencia de cada uno de ellos en el quehacer del emprendedor. Se proponen algunas líneas de investigación alrededor de la relación entre el ejercicio del liderazgo y el éxito de los emprendimientos en regiones específicas; así como el efecto del capital relacional en los nuevos emprendimientos individuales y en las empresas.
GOVERNANÇA GLOBAL E DEMOCRACIA: UMA REVISÃO CRÍTICAbr/>GLOBAL GOVERNANCE AND DEMOCRACY: A CRITICAL REVIEW
Authors: Estre Felipe
Published: August 2018

O presente trabalho busca fazer uma revisão crítica acerca da discussão sobre governança global e democracia. Por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa, busca-se delimitar teoricamente o debate para, então, apresentar desafios atuais para a democratização da governança global. Inicialmente, é apresentada uma discussão preliminar contextualizando a emergência do conceito de governança global no início da década de 1990. Em seguida, discute-se a democratização da governança global, fundamentando-se nas discussões de autores consagrados como Dahl, Keohane, Macedo e Moravcsik. Finalmente, a problematização de como tornar a governança global mais legítima abre caminho para a identificação dos principais desafios para se pensar em democratização das instâncias decisórias internacionais.
ÔNUS DA PROVA EM MATÉRIA PENAL E A CORTE INTERAMERICANA DE DIREITOS HUMANOS
BURDEN OF PROOF IN CRIMINAL MATTERS AND THE INTER-AMERICAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Authors: Schäfer Gilberto , Previdelli José Eduardo Aidikaitis , Bitencourt Daniella
Published: August 2018

É analisado o caso Agustín Bladimiro Zegarra Marín vs. Peru julgado na Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos como mecanismo para a aferição de violações e a consequente proteção aos Direitos Humanos. O trabalho encontra-se dividido em duas partes: na primeira, foram traçadas as bases teóricas necessárias à compreensão do ônus da prova em matéria civil e penal, abordando a sua definição e mecanismos segundo a legislação brasileira e a doutrina nacional; na segunda parte do estudo, examinou-se o caso julgado pela Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, unicamente em relação à forma como foi distribuído o ônus da prova e sua confrontação com a presunção de inocência. O presente artigo utilizou-se do método indutivo para aferição da sua aplicação na Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos a partir da análise do caso selecionado. Pôde-se perceber, na conjunção do aporte teórico e da observância dos fundamentos daquele julgado, que a imputação do ônus da prova ao réu de ação penal sofre limitações em razão do princípio da presunção de inocência, insculpido na Constituição Federal brasileira de 1988 e na Convenção Americana dos Direitos Humanos.
DESAFIOS DA POLÍTICA DE MOBILIDADE HUMANA PARA REGIÃO DA TRIPLICE FRONTEIRA EM FOZ DO IGUAÇU<//b>
CHALLENGES OF THE HUMAN MOBILITY POLICY FOR THE REGION OF THE FRONTIER TRIPLICE IN FOZ DO IGUAÇU
Authors: Fávero Lucas Antônio , Volpato Elaine Cristina Francisco
Published: August 2018

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo verificar alguns impactos institucionais e sociais dos movimentos migratórios na região da tríplice fronteira em Foz do Iguaçu-PR, em um contexto de even-tos climáticos catastróficos e frequentes mudanças de governos em diversos países americanos. Causa de fluxos migratórios significa-tivos de estrangeiros solicitando refugio humanitário. Diante disso, buscar-se-á compreender, primeiro, como é realizado o acolhimento dos imigrantes e dos refugiados. Após, busca-se estudar os processos de migração que formaram e transformaram a fronteira entre Brasil e Paraguai em uma das regiões mais movi-mentadas do Brasil, com um comércio forte de produtos lícitos e ilícitos. Dessa situação decorre a necessidade de que sejam elabo-radas políticas de segurança pública, especialmente pensadas para essa fronteira.
ABOUT SOLUTION OF MULTIPOINT BOUNDARY PROBLEMS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS WITH THE USE OF COMBINED APPLICATION OF FINITE ELEMENT METHOD AND DISCRETE-CONTINUAL FINITE ELEMENT METHOD. PART 1: FORMULATION AND BASIC PRINCIPLES OF APPROXIMATION
Authors: Akimov Pavel A. , Negrozov Oleg A.
Published: August 2018

The distinctive paper is devoted to formulation and basic principles of approximation of multipoint boundary problem of static analysis of three-dimensional structure with the use of combined application of finite element method and discrete-continual finite element method. Basic notation system, design model, general formulation of the problem (based on three-dimensional theory of elasticity), basic principles of domain approxima­tion, rule of numbering of subdomains, rule of numbering of finite elements, rule of numbering of discrete- continual finite elements are considered. Construction of discrete (finite element) and discrete-continual approx­imation models for subdomains is under consideration as well
A TEMÁTICA SEXUALIDADE NAS PROPOSTAS CURRICULARES NO BRASIL.
Authors: Zompero Andreia Freitas , Leite Cristiane Mota , Giangarelli Douglas Caldeira , Bergamo Maurílio Cristiano
Published: August 2018

Este estudo apresenta um estudo documental de propostas curriculares para Educação Básica no que se refere ao trabalho e orientações pedagógicas sobre a temática “sexualidade”. O objetivo do estudo foi apontar e discutir os encaminhamentos para o trabalho com a educação sexual na escola a partir de um amplo levantamento realizado. Foram analisados Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais, Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o Ensino Médio, Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para Educação em Direitos Humanos e as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para Educação Básica: diversidade e inclusão, Cadernos SECADI sobre Gênero e diversidade sexual na escola e a Base Nacional Curricular Comum. Os dados obtidos com as análises dos materiais mostram que em todos os documentos há menção aos temas relativos às questões biológicas, gênero e diversidade sexual, porém, há ênfase diferenciada quanto a esses temas nos materiais analisados.
Social and ethnic characteristics of nobility in Terek region in the late 19th century
Authors: Chikaeva Karina Surenovna ,   Kuban State Agrarian University
Published: August 2018

The purpose of the study is to systematize the social and ethnic characteristics of nobility in Terek region in the late 19th century. The author analyzes the materials of the Russian Imperial Census of 1897 that demonstrate the number and structure of nobility, its ethnic composition and education level. The research revealed that a large part of nobility in Terek region lived in cities. There were more hereditary noblemen rather than personal ones. The number of the nobility rapidly increased in the post-reform period, which was caused by a significant increase in the bureaucracy. The higher education was inaccessible; it was mainly received by noblemen. The research emphasized that most citizens having military education lived in Terek region compared to neighboring territories. The nobility of the region was multinational because of the historical prerequisites for the indigenous population formation as well as due to the increased inflow of immigrants from the internal provinces of the Russian Empire (especially western ones) in the post-reform period. The highland aristocracy played a special role in the composition of the nobility; its involvement in public service was of particular importance.
Ethnic and social image of Nalchik based on the Russian Imperial Census of 1897
Authors:   Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of  the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tkhamokova Irina Khasanovna
Published: August 2018

The paper presented the research findings concerning the ethnic and social structure of the population in Nalchik settlement based on the Russian Imperial Census of 1897. The Russians, Mountain Jews and Ukrainians made up the majority of the population in Nalchik. There were not so many other ethnic groups, including the Kabardins and Balkars, in this settlement. Nalchik bore the hallmark of both urban and rural settlement. There were a lot of farmers, craftsmen and merchants as well. Nalchik was not only administrative but also trade and handicraft center of the district. The Census made it possible to identify the employment structure of most peoples lived in Nalchik and distinguish their specific features. In particular, the national specific nature was detected in the gender structure of employment.
Economy as a factor in nation-building (by a case study of France and Russia in 1870–1914)
Authors: Kulbashnyy Vladislav Vladimirovich ,   Kuban State University
Published: August 2018

The purpose of the study is to consider the economy as a factor contributing to the nation-building in France and Russia in the last third of the 19th – early 20th centuries. Its main aspects include monopolization accompanied by the increased role of the state, the desire of the central authority to control the relationships between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, the strive of the state to increase the economic impact in the international arena during the struggle for a redivision of the world. Based on the materials analyzed, the author concluded that industrial capitalism had consolidated the national system both in France and in Russia. In addition, success in policy on implementing each aspect played a pivotal role in the process of social integration and the ability to withstand internal and external challenges.
The phenomenon of religious identity in terms of global and local trends
Authors: Magomedova Madina Zainudinovna ,   Dagestan Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Dagestan State University of National Economy
Published: August 2018

The research examines the specific nature of the religious identity in terms of the contradictory trends in the modern world development: globalization and localization. The search for a paradigm of further development updates a world-wide interest in religious issues. Denominational identification is affected by the new civilization that has led to the transformation of traditional social institutions. Both a personality correlating oneself with a particular religious system and a human community affected by the multidirectional global and local trends are subject to denominational identification. The author notes the development prospects of two potential models that are a unipolar world that imposes Western values on all peoples as universal ones and a multipolar world trying to preserve the diversity of different cultures and peoples. Religious identity is modified by the intensified global trends and the reduced local ones. The increased impact of globalization complicated the identification process, on the one hand, and the ethnic and religious consciousness was increased in its radical forms, on the other.
Youth religiosity in the transforming Kyrgyz society
Authors: Abdyldaeva Tamara Chynalievna ,   Kyrgyz National University
Published: August 2018

The study analyzes the problems of youth religiosity which are relevant to modern Kyrgyzstan. The research focuses on the causes and aspects of youth religiosity in Kyrgyzstan being under sovereignization. The purpose of the study is to reveal the factors in growing religiosity among today’s youth. The author identifies the terms and causes of religious revival in Kyrgyzstan after the collapse of the USSR, presents the religious peculiarities of its youth in the context of the multi-religious society (low competence in religious matters, spontaneous attachment to religious traditions). Based on a sociological survey of students in Bishkek, the involvement of young people in the Kyrgyz Republic in religiosity, in particular Islam, is demonstrated in quantitative and qualitative aspects. The growing trends towards the politicization and radicalization of Islam in Kyrgyzstan are revealed. The study notes the mechanisms to prevent or control the proliferation of radical Islam in the Kyrgyz Republic.
Generación de residuos orgánicos en las unidades económicas comerciales y de servicios en la Ciudad de México
Authors: Muñoz Cadena Cecilia Esther , Morales Pérez Rosalba Esther
Published: August 2018

La inconsistencia en los datos oficiales respecto a los inventarios de residuos afecta a diversos países del orbe. Dada su importancia en la planeación de la gestión integral para mitigar sus impactos, este artículo tiene por objeto estimar la fracción orgánica de los residuos de manejo especial generados en las unidades económicas comerciales y de servicios de la Ciudad de México, mediante el análisis de las tasas de generación por empleado. Los resultados arrojan una generación de 14 155 toneladas diarias de residuos orgánicos. Esta estrategia alternativa permitirá reforzar la gestión integral y la implementación de la política de residuos.
Taller TLCAN / UE
Authors: Appendini Kirsten
Published: August 2018

Los objetivos del Taller efectuado en México fueron discutir los temas principales sobre dos modelos de integración: el de la Unión Europea (UE) y el Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN), y proponer nuevos tópicos, centrándose en el enfoque analítico del desarrollo institucional. El Taller se concentró en México y el TLCAN.
Cost of bovine respiratory disease in preweaned calves on US beef cow–calf operations (2011–2015)
Authors: Wang Min , Schneider Liesel G. , Hubbard Kristina J. , Smith David R.
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVE To develop a partial budget analysis of direct costs associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in preweaned calves on US beef cow–calf operations and identify factors that strongly influence those costs.

DESIGN Risk analysis model.

ANIMALS US preweaned beef calf inventory from 2011 through 2015.

PROCEDURES A stochastic simulation model was developed by use of a computer spreadsheet and add-in software. Input data were obtained from the USDA, peer-reviewed literature, and a survey of beef cow–calf producers. A simulation consisting of 10,000 iterations was used to account for either uncertainty or variability in model inputs. The median (90% confidence interval) was reported for each output variable. Global and local sensitivity analyses were performed to identify the most influential factors and quantitatively evaluate the effects of inputs on the estimated costs.

RESULTS From 2011 through 2015, BRD in preweaned calves cost the US beef cow–calf industry approximately $165 million annually, of which costs associated with the death, treatment, and decreased weaning weight of BRD-affected calves were approximately $126, $25, and $15 million, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although BRD in preweaned calves may have a fairly small effect on the total gross income for the US beef cow–calf industry as a whole, it can have a substantial adverse effect on the net profit of BRD-affected herds. The model developed provided important information regarding the cost of BRD in preweaned calves on US beef cow–calf operations and identified factors that had an import effect on those costs.
Biomechanics of the Axel Paulsen Figure Skating Jump
Authors: Mazurkiewicz Anna , Iwańska Dagmara , Urbanik Czesław
Published: August 2018

Introduction
. Figure skating is a sport discipline requiring a combination of artistic and athletic skills. The triple Axel Paulsen (Axel or A) jump is the most technically difficult jump of all figure skating jumps, which is why it is on the top of the International Skating Union (ISU) Judging System Code of Points (CoP). The purpose of this research was to explore the technical differences between the single Axel (1A), the double Axel (2A), and the triple Axel (3A) and to determine which parameters are the most important for performing the triple Axel successfully, using 3D kinematic analysis.

Material and methods
. In the study, one Polish elite male junior skater was tested. Following the usual warm-up, the skater performed a series of jumps on the ice, which were recorded. Six jumps of each type were recorded (6 x 1A, 6 x 2A, and 6 x 3A). Three jumps which were the best technically were chosen for further analysis. The APAS 2000 system automatically calculated the centre of gravity of the skater (CG) and generated the kinematic data of each jump.

Results
. The skater examined jumped higher when he was about to perform more rotations in the jump. The more rotations were to be made, the higher the jump was. Although the difference between the height of 2A and 3A was less than 10% and could not be considered significant, the height of 1A was significantly lower, by over 19%, that the height of the other two jumps. As also shown by previous research, the most substantial differences in the Axel jump technique were visible in the pre-take-off and take-off phases.

Conclusions
. We observed substantial differences in the movement technique and kinematic parameters of the pre-take-off phase in the triple Axel performance compared to the performance of the other two Axels. It can be assumed that decreasing the ankle joint angle in the pre-take-off phase was most essential in achieving rotations in the Axel jump. This substantial change in ankle flexion caused greater stress on the blade before the take-off, which resulted in a reduction of vertical velocity and enabled an increase in the vertical take-off angle.
Identification of Mapping Models of Players Cooperation in Creating Point Situations in Volleyball Depending on Setter Position
Authors: Mazur Leszek , Superlak Edward
Published: August 2018

Introduction
. Team games, which have been studied by researchers for several years, include both individual and cooperative actions. Although cooperation is the essence of team sports, there is still a dearth of research that has thoroughly explored the process of player cooperation. The aims of the current study are to identify the models of player cooperation in creating point situations depending on the position of the setter and evaluate the efficiency of this cooperation. The process of cooperation was analysed by means of praxeological models reproducing the game, considering the efficiency of the attack and the surprise effect on the opponent’s block.

Material and methods
. A novel research method was used in this study, which is the qualitative study of unique cases. The material analysed was the observation sheets from matches played by the four best teams of the top Polish volleyball league in the 2013/14 season.

Results
. The observations yielded a large amount of data, which enabled us to identify models of cooperation in creating point situations depending on the position of the setter during the game. We also evaluated the reliability of the attack and the effectiveness of surprising the opponent’s block.

Conclusions
. Each of the teams had a specific model mapping cooperation in creating point situations depending on the position of the setter on the court. Teams achieve different levels of attack reliability as well as of the surprise effect on the opponent’s block in these interactions.
Analysis of Precipitation and Runoff Conditions in Agricultural Runoff Monitoring Sites
Authors: Siksnāne Ieva , Lagzdiņš Ainis
Published: August 2018

In order to assess the nature of climate change, it is important to analyze the indicators of climate variability in different scales: spatial and temporal. The analysis at different scales can lead to understanding of the nature of variations. Climate change studies are essential for comprehending the nature of global processes, to refine global climate patterns and also develop further research for natural processes (Meinke, Stone, 2005; Hulme et al., 1999). Processes in nature are united, continuous and in constant interaction. Variance of interaction types are immeasurable, types can be connected with different scales and science fields, for example, biological, ecological, physical etc. If interaction is taking place between the land and atmosphere, it is defined as hydrological interaction. As water is significantly important for many purposes on the Earth, it is relevant to analyze precipitation and water runoff on a local scale. In the territory of Latvia, the amount of precipitation exceeds the level of evapotranspiration. Long-term monitoring data show that precipitation leads to average runoff of 250 mm per year (Ziverts, 2004). The monitoring data collected at three research sites located in Latvia was used for this research including Berze (Lielupe river basin, meteorological station in Dobele), Mellupite (Venta river basin, meteorological station in Saldus monitoring) and Vienziemite (Gauja river basin, meteorological station in Zoseni). The results from this study show that there is a pronounced interaction between runoff and precipitation with an average of 53 to 82%.
Representing Regions, Challenging Bicameralism: An Introduction
Authors: Gamper Anna
Published: August 2018

This special issue publishes a number of conference papers presented at the conference ‘Representing Regions, Challenging Bicameralism’ that took place on 22 and 23 March 2018 at the University of Innsbruck, Austria. In this issue, the developments of European bicameral parliaments in (quasi-)federal states are dealt with as well as the political impact of shared rule and alternative models to second chambers. Several papers compare the organizational and functional design of territorial second chambers. Finally, closer examination is given to the EU’s Committee of Regions and the second chambers in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Spain, Switzerland and the UK.
The German Bundesrat and Executive Federalism
Authors: Niedobitek Matthias
Published: August 2018

The German Basic Law constitutes federalism as a unique political system which is characterised by intertwined decision-making of the Federation (Bund) and the component units (Länder). The executives of the two federal tiers and the Länder executives within the Bundesrat play a major role in making joint decisions. They are forced to make decisions in the ‘joint-decision mode’ (Politikverflechtung) which is detrimental to accountability. Reform efforts were made to unbundle competences and to reduce the number of bills which require the Bundesrat’s consent. Due to the dominance of the executives and the distribution of powers between the federal tiers (legislation is dominated by the Bund, execution is dominated by the Länder), German federalism is rightly called ‘executive federalism’. German federalism can even be regarded as an embodiment of that concept since it covers all possible aspects of ‘executive federalism’. The Bundesrat has an important share in that classification.
Epidemiology of Community-Acquired Sepsis in Adult Patients: A Six Year Observational Study
Authors: Grozdanovski Krsto , Milenkovikj Zvonko , Demiri Ilir , Spasovska Katerina , Cvetanovska Marija , Saveski Velimir , Grozdanovska Biljana
Published: August 2018

Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to an infection and it is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The aim of this study is to describe epidemiology of community-acquired sepsis in the Intensive care unit (ICU) of the Macedonian tertiary care University Clinic for Infectious Diseases. A prospective observational study was conducted over a 6-year period from January, 2011 to December, 2016. All consecutive adults with community-acquired sepsis or septic shock were included in the study. Variables measured were incidence of sepsis, age, gender, comorbidities, season, source of infection, complications, interventions, severity indexes, length of stay, laboratory findings, blood cultures, 28-day and in hospital mortality. Of 1348 admissions, 277 (20.5%) had sepsis and septic shock. The most common chronic condition was heart failure (26.4%), and the most frequent site of infection was the respiratory tract (57.4%). Median Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II) was 50.0, and median Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was 8.0. Blood cultures were positive in 22% of the cases. Gram-positive bacteria were isolated in 13% and Gram-negatives in 9.7% of patients with sepsis. The overall 28-day and in hospital mortality was 50.5% and 56.3% respectively. The presence of chronic heart failure, occurrence of ARDS, septic shock and the winter period may influence an unfavorable outcome. Mortality compared to previous years is unchanged but patients that we have been treating these last 6 years have had more severe illnesses. Better adherence to the Surviving Sepsis guidelines will reduce mortality in this group of severely ill patients.
Personality Typology in Patients with Traumatic Limb Fractures
Authors: Trpeski Sime , Pop-Jordanova Nada
Published: August 2018

The notion that personality impacts health is not new. According to Grossarth-Maticek and Eysenck’s theoretical approach, the main factor for health is the ability for self-regulation, which seems to moderate the effects of some physical risk factors.

The aim of this study was to evaluate personality characteristics of patients hospitalized for traumatic limb’s fractures which have been operatively treated. To our knowledge, it is the first study of this type in the region.

The evaluated sample comprises two groups of examinees: patients hospitalized at the Traumatology Clinic for surgery after fractured limbs (N=30) and healthy people (N=120) as control, previously examined. Two psychometric tests were used: Grossarth-Maticek questionnaire and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ).

Obtained results showed that the personality characteristics of patients with traumatic limb fractures belong generally to the “healthy type 4” of Grossarth-Maticek typology, similarly as the control. It correlates to the low N (neuroticism) and moderate E (extraversion) scales in the Eysenck typology.

We showed that gender and age highly influence the scores obtained from the questionnaire.

The type of personality could influence reactions in life situations, coping with stress and consequently to be a trigger for any disorder, even traumatic fractures
Growth Hormone Treatment in Children Born Small for Gestational Age (SGA)
Authors: Janchevska Aleksandra , Krstevska-Konstantinova Marina , Tasic Velibor , Gucev Zoran
Published: August 2018

Introduction: Growth failure is a common consequence in small for gestational age (SGA) children.

Patients and Methods: The growth patterns and serum insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF1) concentrations before and after the 1st year under growth hormone treatment of 32 short stature SGA born children have been evaluated. In addition, we investigated the insulin like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) exon 2 as a hotspot for IGF1R genetic alterations. It is of note that no dysmorphic features were observed in this group of children.

Results: The tests for pituitary reserve were within normal ranges for all 32 patients. Growth hormone (GH) treatment (0.037 mg/kg/day) was initiated at the mean age of 9.32±3.19 years. Growth velocity increased yearly from −1.80 SDS after the first year to −0.03 SDS in the sixth year of treatment. Their IGF1 serum concentrations before treatment were age and sex appropriate, while during treatment a significant increase was observed fitting in the upper third of the normal range: before the treatment IGF1 SDS was 0.84±1.78 after 1st year the concentrations increased to IGF1 SDS 0.94±2.23. No genetic alterations were found in the IGF1R exon 2 by PCR analysis.

Conclusions: Herein we present 32 short stature SGA children with no dysmorphic features treated with GH. They all had increased growth velocity and entered the normal growth range on their growth charts. No side-effects were observed. GH treatment in children with no genetic alterations on the IGF1R exon 2 is safe and efficient in treating SGA children with short stature.
Milan Svoboda – The Man in Background
Authors: Pokorný Vít
Published: August 2018

The study represents the life and artistic career of today’s almost forgotten theatre director Milan Svoboda (1883 – 1948). It is based on the extensive Svoboda estate, located in the Theatre Department of the National Museum. It follows the artist from his amateur beginnings in Roudnice nad Labem, through his career as a pedagogue at the Prague Conservatory, theatre director at the Slovak National Theatre, guest director at the National Theatre in Prague, to his post-war effort to create high-quality stage art in the border villages abandoned by the Germans. Thanks to the substantial and rich material found in his estate, the study demonstrates the conflict of creative ideals and the desire to seek an aesthetic beauty in a world within a regimented state, grand political scheming, critics and “progressive” theatrical colleagues.
Theatrical Reflections of the Slovak Republic (1939 – 1945) in the 21st Century
Authors: Mihálová Lucia
Published: August 2018

The study deals with forms of the Slovak Republic (1939 – 1945) in Slovak theatre after the year 2000. We currently observe a strong dramaturgical tendency to bring to the stages the reflection of historical events from various historical periods, one of the most depicted being the period of World War II. Its thematics are found in the productions of the original theatrical plays as well as in the dramatisations of literary works. The first part of the study is devoted to delineation of the Slovak Republic (1939 – 1945) in the productions after 2000 (Tiso [Tiso], Stalo sa prvého septembra [It Happened on 1st September], Rabínka [The Female Rabbi], Holokaust [Holocaust], Povstanie [Uprising], Obchod na korze [The Shop on the Parade], Polnočná omša [Midnight Mass], Tichý bič [The Silent Whip], Kým kohút nezaspieva [Until the Cock Sings]). The second part is focused on the analysis of the selected thematic elements offered by the productions falling within this circle and which appear in the new optics of the so-called second generation.
A importância da incorporação do óleo de cenoura em sistemas líquidos cristalinos contendo a cisplatina como alternativa para o tratamento do câncer de pele: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Pagin Brenda Ariane , De Mendonça Natália , Frigieri Isadora , Chiari-Andréo Bruna Galdorfini , Pilon Thalita Pedroni Formariz
Published: August 2018

O câncer de pele é definido pelo crescimento desordenado das células que a constituem. Por meio das alterações genéticas sofridas, as células cancerosas comportam-se de maneira descontrolada, multiplicando-se, no processo denominado carcinogênese. Há diversas formas de tratamento para essa neoplasia, mas a principal é o tratamento com agentes químicos citotóxicos, como a cisplatina, fármaco modelo para esta revisão de literatura. A cis-diaminodicloroplatina II possui alta eficácia ao combate ao câncer, porém resulta em diversos efeitos adversos, devido a propriedade de citotoxicidade, causando danos ao organismo e para as células saudáveis. Neste contexto, esse artigo tem como objetivo mostrar, através de uma revisão de literatura, a importância da incorporação do óleo de cenoura, rico em carotenoides, como fase oleosa, em sistemas nanoestruturados contendo o fármaco modelo cisplatina como alternativa para o tratamento do câncer de pele. Esse artigo foi baseado em revisão de literaturas idôneas e confiáveis,. Os resultados obtidos mostram a redução de efeitos adversos através da incorporação de antioxidantes, como no caso do óleo de cenoura. Desta forma, seria possível evitar a formação de cadeias de oxidação à nível celular e a promover a eliminação de radicais livres. Assim, pode-se sugerir que a incorporação do óleo de cenoura em sistemas nanoestruturados pode resultar em proteção a células sadias, além de controlar o crescimento tumoral do carcinoma cutâneo.
O Consumo de Drogas pela Juventude Brasileira
Authors: Kopanakis Annie Rangel , Batoni Bruna Risquioto , Oliveira Debora Ortolan Fernandes de
Published: August 2018

O consumo de drogas pela juventude tem sido foco de debates políticos e alvo de estudos acadêmicos que buscam compreender esse fenômeno na sociedade brasileira. Este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre significado da disposição subjetiva de consumir drogas na juventude contemporânea. Objetiva-se discorrer sobre o consumo de psicoativos por jovens, através de uma discussão fundamentada em uma leitura sociológica e psicanalítica do uso de substâncias psicoativas, sobretudo o álcool. A metodologia aplicada foi um estudo exploratório com breve revisão da literatura sobre drogas, juventude e adolescência que fundamentou a presente discussão embasada na luz da psicanálise e sociologia. Os resultados encontrados relataram que a juventude brasileira consome álcool e outras drogas em busca de bem-estar e aceitação social.
Cuckoo inspired algorithms for feature selection in heart disease prediction
Authors: Usman Ali Muhammad , Yusof Umi Kalsom , Naim Syibrah
Published: August 2018

Heart disease is a predominant killer disease in various nations around the globe. However, this is because the default medical diagnostic techniques are not affordable by common people. This inspires many researchers to rescue the situation by using soft computing and machine learning approaches to bring a halt to the situation. These approaches use the medical data of the patients to predict the presence of the disease or not. Although, most of these data contains some redundant and irrelevant features that need to be discarded to enhance the prediction accuracy. As such, feature selection has become necessary to enhance prediction accuracy and reduce the number of features. In this study, two different but related cuckoo inspired algorithms, cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) and cuckoo optimization algorithm (COA), are proposed for feature selection on some heart disease datasets. Both the algorithms used the general filter method during subset generation. The obtained results showed that CSA performed better than COA both concerning fewer number of features as well as prediction accuracy on all the datasets. Finally, comparison with the state of the art approaches revealed that CSA also performed better on all the datasets.
STUDI IDENTIFIKASI FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG DAPAT MEMPENGARUHI PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DESA (STUDI EMPIRIS PADA SELURUH DESA DI KECAMATAN GEGESIK KABUPATEN CIREBON)
Authors: Nurhadiyati Siti
Published: August 2018

Desa memiliki posisi yang sangat strategis, sehingga memerlukan perhatian yang seimbang terhadap penyelenggaraan otonomi daerah. Pengaturan pemerintah desa telah mengalami pergeseran paradigma utamanya dalam hal kewenangan. Dengan disahkannya UU Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa beserta peraturan pelaksanaannya, diharapkan segala kepentingan dan kebutuhan masyarakat desa dapat diakomodir dengan lebih baik. Besarnya dana desa yang besar akan membawa konsekuensi pertanggungjawaban yang besar pula. Sehingga pengelolaan keuangan desa yang efisien dan efektif merupakan sebuah keharusan sebagai perwujudan prinsip- prinsip good governance.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor – faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi pengelolaan keuangan desa. Jenis penelitian ini termasuk ke dalam kategori basic research/penelitian dasar dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode wawancara terhadap informan yang terdiri dari Kepala Desa dan Pelaksana Teknis Pengelolaan Keuangan Desa (PTPKD) terdiri dari Sekretaris Desa, Kepala Seksi dan Bendahara Desa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam penelitian ini dapat diidentifikasikan bahwa faktor – faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi pengelolaan keuangan desa dikelompokkan menjadi Faktor Pendukung dan Faktor Penghambat baik secara internal maupun eksternal. Kemudian faktor – faktor tersebut diklasifikasikan kembali kedalam dua kelompok besar yang dapat menjadi proksi Penyelenggaraan Pemerintah Desa yakni terkait dengan penyelenggaraan Administrasi Pemerintah Desa dan Pengorganisasian Pemerintah Desa. Kata kunci: Desa, Dana Desa, Pengelolaan Keuangan Desa
ANALISIS TINGKAT PENDAPATAN, PENGGUNAAN ALAT TANGKAP IKAN DAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PERUBAHAN SOSIAL KEMASYARAKATAN NELAYAN STUDI KASUS: DESA MUNJUNGAGUNG KABUPATEN TEGAL
Authors: Adhayanti Hajar , Maulana Ahmad
Published: August 2018

Munjung Agung atau Larangan merupakan salah satu desa yang berada di kecamatan Kramat, Kabupaten Tegal, Provinsi Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Berada di pesisir laut jawa dan salah satu desa nelayan yang ada di Kabupaten Tegal. Masyarakat desa nelayan merupakan masyarakat marjinal yang menempati daerah kumuh di pinggiran kota yang berbatasan dengan laut. Namun dengan adanya perubahan penghasilan yang diterima oleh nelayan Munjung Agung terjadi perubahan sosial kemasyarakatan. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan tiga variabel dependen diantaranya tingkat pendapatan, penggunaan alat tangkap ikan dan teknologi informasi. Alat analisis mengunakan penelitian kuantitatif, dengan Data diolah menggunakan aplikasi SPSS dengan melakukan pengujian uji validitas, uji reabilitas, uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, uji regresi linier sederhana dan uji regresi linier berganda, data diperoleh dengan cara penyebaran kuesioner menjawab pernyataan yang diajukan oleh penulis kepada nelayan Desa Munjung Agung untuk mengetahui tingkat pendapatan, penggunaan alat pancing dan teknologi informasi berpengaruh terhadap perubahan sosial kemasyarakatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pendapatan, penggunaan alat tangkap ikan dan teknologi informasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perubahan sosial kemasyakatan nelayan Desa Munjung Agung Kabupaten Tegal. Kata kunci: Tingkat pendapatan, penggunaan alat tangkap ikan, teknologi informasi, dan masyarakat nelayan
Características de um bom professor na concepção dos acadêmicos do Curso de Odontologia da Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI
Authors: Campos Luciane , Orsi Rossiny Valério , Bottan Elisabete Rabaldo , Uriarte Neto Mário
Published: August 2018

Este estudo teve por objetivo conhecer as características do professor ideal na concepção dos acadêmicosdo Curso de Odontologia da Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI). Foi um estudo exploratório delineado segundo norteadores da pesquisa qualitativa. A coleta de dados foi estruturada com base nos princípios do Teste de Associação Livre de Palavras, tendo como estímulo indutor a expressão professor ideal para mim é. O participante deveria relacionar até oito (8) palavras que, em sua concepção, definiriam o bom professor. A coleta foi conduzida por um único pesquisador. Para a análise dos dados foram definidas cinco categorias. Participaram da pesquisa 225 acadêmicos matriculados do primeiro ao último período do curso, no segundo semestre de 2010. Para os acadêmicos, os principais atributos de um professor ideal são: habilidades sociais e interpessoais (37,9%), habilidades pedagógicas (25,9%), habilidades cognitivas (14,7%), habilidades organizacionais (14,1%) e ser ético (7,5%). Com base nos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que, para os acadêmicos, o bom professor não é somente aquele que tem características relacionadas ao conhecimento disciplinar e pedagógico, mas sim, aquele que apresenta habilidades sociais e interpessoais, sendo organizado, manifestando postura ética e compromisso profissional.