bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
English Language and Mathematics Senior Secondary School Two Unified Examination Results as Predictors of Senior School Certificate Physics Examination in Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Akinnodi Phillips Akinrotimi , Adewumi Abayomi Joseph , Jobi Hope
Published: December 2024

This study investigated whether the performance of students in SSCE physics
could be predicted from their grades in English and Mathematics at the senior secondary school two unified examination. (SSS 2E). Two research null hypotheses were generated to guide the study. The study employed descriptive research of expost-facto design. Five Secondary Schools were purposively selected from Akure South Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria. A total of 175 2021/2022 SSS3 Physics students that sat for English Language and Mathematics SS2 unified examination in 2020/2021 academic session were involved in the selected public secondary schools. Data collected were analysed using Pearson product moment correlation. The two null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Results analysis indicated that performance of students in Mathematics could be used to predict results of SSCE physics; it was however found that result in English Language alone had low predictive value for performance in physics. Based on the findings of the study, it was therefore recommended among others that credit pass in English Language should not be made mandatory for student seeking admission for science.
Impact of Thermal and Hemodynamic Factors on Blood Flow in Magnetized Arteries: A Mathematical Perspective
Authors: Butter J.K. , Miller A.P. , Obonin S.S.
Published: December 2024

Maintaining optimal blood pressure is vital for overall health, as deviations from normal levels can lead to serious complications. Hypertension is known to damage the cardiovascular system and vital organs, while hypotension reduces blood flow, impairing critical bodily functions. Effective management strategies, such as lifestyle modifications, regular monitoring, and medical interventions, are crucial in mitigating these risks. Mathematical modeling plays an integral role in analyzing blood circulation in the human body. By translating real-world cardiovascular challenges into mathematical equations, it enables the study of complex physiological systems. In this research, the combined effects of heat and blood pressure on blood flow through blood vessels were modeled mathematically. The Navier-Stokes equation was modified to develop a system of partial differential equations (PDEs) governing blood momentum and temperature distribution. The system of PDEs was then scaled into a set of dimensionless models and further simplified into Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) using oscillatory perturbation parameters. Laplace transformation techniques were employed to solve the governing equations analytically. The resulting flow profiles were simulated numerically using Wolfram Mathematica (Version 12), with variations in key biophysical parameters. key findings from the simulation include: An increase in the Prandtl number resulted in decreased temperature and velocity profiles. A rise in the Grashof number led to an enhancement in blood velocity. Increasing the oscillatory frequency exhibited a diminishing effect on both temperature and velocity profiles.
Educación Financiera en la Universidad del Caribe. Cancún – México
Authors: Vallejo Filoteo Jorge , May Hernández Francisco José , Pool Estrada Farid Alfonso
Published: December 2024

Ante la problemática actual de altos niveles de endeudamiento familiar, en el presente trabajo nos interesa conocer cómo toman las decisiones respecto al dinero los jóvenes universitarios. Por tal motivo se diseñó una consulta tomando como muestra a los estudiantes de la Universidad del Caribe en Cancún México, con el propósito de responder a la siguiente pregunta focalizada a este segmento: ¿Poseen los estudiantes de la Universidad del Caribe los conocimientos suficientes en el manejo de sus finanzas personales? Se realizó la encuesta a 350 estudiantes, y las respuestas proporcionadas sugieren que estos carecen de experiencia en la administración de su dinero e indican una limitación en la habilidad para tomar  decisiones financieras adecuadas y mejorar su patrimonio.  Con base en estos hallazgos, se añadió una asignatura al programa educativo de Negocios Internacionales relacionada a la educación financiera cuyo objetivo es proveer a los estudiantes de la Universidad del Caribe de mejores bases teórico-prácticas que les ayuden a tomar decisiones financieras de manera exitosa.
Importancia Educativa de las Redes Sociales como Potenciador del Desempeño Escolar de los Estudiantes
Authors: Rodríguez Marín Vanessa Patricia , Alfonzo Echeverria Verónica Jazmín , Bernabé Tomalá Johanna Isabel , Engracia Carvallo Dolores Edith , Suárez Merejildo Erika Estefania
Published: December 2024

La siguiente investigación aborda un tema de gran interés y de mucha relevancia en el ámbito educativo, la misma que ayudará a determinar la importancia de las redes sociales como potenciador del desempeño escolar de los estudiantes. La metodología de investigación utilizada en este trabajo es mixta porque permitieron procesar y analizar de manera cualitativa y cuantitativa mediante encuestas aplicadas a docentes, estudiantes y padres de familias y una entrevista realizada a un directivo de la institución seleccionada. Los principales resultados revelaron los beneficios de las redes sociales en el ámbito académico, como el acceso a recursos educativos, la posibilidad de aprendizaje colaborativo, el fomento de la motivación y creatividad y el desarrollo de habilidades tecnológicas; aunque las redes sociales son percibidas como herramientas con gran potencial para mejorar el desempeño escolar, su uso excesivo puede generar efectos adversos. En conclusión, las redes sociales pueden ser un complemento valioso para el aprendizaje siempre que su uso sea equilibrado, supervisado y con fines académicos claros, por lo tanto, se subraya la importancia de fomentar su empleo fuera del horario de clases, bajo la guía de un adulto responsable, para maximizar sus beneficios y mitigar sus riesgos.
Evolución tecnológica de la generación solar fotovoltaica: una revisión de la literatura en la última década
Authors: Criollo Enríquez Richard Fernando , Guaillas Domínguez Danny Paúl , Ochoa Correa Danny
Published: December 2024

The constant innovation in technologies for generating electrical energy through the use of renewable resources has allowed them to become competitive with traditional technologies in recent years. This has made them a great option for large-scale systems. Currently, new photovoltaic technologies enable higher energy conversion efficiencies while reducing costs through the implementation of new materials, the latter being a key criterion for their subsequent large-scale deployment. This article presents a literature review on the technological evolution of photovoltaic solar generation, evaluating and analyzing only articles published between 2013 and 2023, using the PRISMA methodology (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). From a total of 307 articles identified in prestigious databases such as Science Direct, IEEEXplore, and Scopus, a subset of 12 scientific articles has been systematically selected and reviewed according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria defined by the researchers. The synthesis of the content of the selected articles reveals that emerging technologies, such as multi-junction cells, perovskite cells, organic solar cells, and thin-film heterojunction cells, have achieved higher efficiencies than conventional solar cells and offer more competitive prices, facilitating the expansion of photovoltaic systems in multiple applications.
Plan de Mejoras Educativas en "San Francisco Javier" enfocado en Necesidades y Desafíos Actuales
Authors: Mite-Rosales Raquel , Sánchez-Carcelén Washington
Published: December 2024

Educational auditing plays a crucial role in developing and improving educational institutions. These practices facilitate evaluating and enhancing pedagogical processes, institutional management, and overall educational quality. However, contemporary challenges and specific needs necessitate a thorough assessment and subsequent improvement of educational auditing and advisory practices. This work aims to analyze and propose strategies to optimize these practices within educational institutions, considering current needs and challenges. Additionally, this articleaddresses aspects such as implementing new technologies, continuous staff training, and active community participation. Identifying areas for improvement and designing appropriate interventions aims to ensure more effective education that meets modern demands. This comprehensive approach  enhances transparency, accountability, and ultimately, the quality of education.
Исследование собственных частот колебаний изотропной геометрически нерегулярной нагретой пластинки
Authors: Мыльцин В.В.
Published: December 2024

В работе приведена математическая модель изотропной пластины, подкрепленной ребрами. Уравнения лицевых поверхностей пластины содержат сингулярные функции Хевисайда. Для учета тонких ребер сделан предельный переход к функциям Д ирака. Геометрически нерегулярная изотропная пластина находится в стационарном температурном поле. За основу взята континуальная модель геометрически нерегулярной пластинки. Система дифференциальных уравнений, начальные и краевые условия получены из вариационного принципа Остроградского – Гамильтона. Тангенциальные усилия, входящие в термодинамический потенциал найдены из условия безмоментного состояния пластинки. Функция прогиба ищется в виде двойного тригонометрического ряда с переменными временными коэффициентами. Из дифференциального уравнения для этих коэффициентов найдена собственная частота колебаний, исследование которой проводится при малых прогибах. Анализ собственных частот колебаний пластинки проведен для различных геометрических и термомеханических параметрах.

The paper presents a mathematical model of vibrations of an isotropic plate supported by ribs in a stationary temperature field. The continuum model of a geometrically irregular plate is taken as a basis. The system of differential equations, initial and boundary conditions are obtained from the Ostrogradsky-Hamilton principle. The tangential forces included in the thermodynamic potential are found from the momentless condition of the plate. The deflection function is found as a double trigonometric series with variable time coefficients. From the differential equation for these coefficients, the natural frequency of vibration is found, the study of which is carried out at small deflections. The analysis of the natural frequencies of vibration of the plate is carried out for various geometric and thermomechanical parameters.
Проблемы лазерной очистки тонкостенных конструкций
Authors: Полоник М.В. , Манцыбора А.А.
Published: December 2024

В статье представлены результаты моделирования и численных расчетов процессов лазерного удаления красок с поверхности металлических деталей. Проведены теоретические исследования температурных полей в зоне обработки сканирующим лазерным излучением, позволяющие провести практические испытания и разработать условия, при которых физическое воздействие энергии лазера наносит минимальные повреждения тонкостенным конструкциям. Полученные результаты нашли свое отражение в технологии очистки планеров летательных аппаратов.

The article presents the results of modeling and numerical calculations of processes of laser removal of paints from the surface of metal parts. Theoretical studies of temperature fields in the area of processing by scanning laser radiation are presented, allowing practical tests to be carried out and the conditions under which the radioactive effect of the laser radiation causes minimal damage to thin-walled structures to be developed. The results obtained are reflected in the technology for cleaning of aircraft.
Обобщенные фигуры Ная для ультрагемитропных и ультраизотропных микрополярных упругих тел
Authors: Мурашкин Е.В.
Published: December 2024

В настоящей статье обсуждаются вопросы построения фигур Ная для микрополряных тел. Из общего анизотропного микрополярного упругого тела редуцируются к гемитропному, а затем к ультрагемитропному и, окончательно, к ультраизотропному микрополярному телу. Определяющие тензоры четвертого ранга преобразуются к двумерной матричной форме. Итоговые фигуры Ная для рассматриваемых микрополярных тел получаются путем объединения элементарных фигур для определяющих тензоров. Получены фигуры Ная, графически представляющие гемитропное, ультрагемитропное и ультраизотропное микрополярное упругое тело и связями между компонентами асимметричных определяющих тензоров.

In present paper, the construction of Nye figures for micropolar solids is discussed. A general anisotropic micropolar elastic solid is reduced to a hemitropic, then to an ultrahemitropic, and finally to an ultraisotropic micropolar solid. The constitutive tensors of the fourth rank are transformed to a two-dimensional matrix form. The final Nye figures for the considered micropolar solids are obtained by combining the elementary figures for the constitutive tensors. We obtain Nye figures that graphically represent a hemitropic, ultrahemitropic, and ultraisotropic micropolar elastic solid and the couples between the components of the asymmetric constitutive tensors.
Record of Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Pseudococcidae) in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abdel- Razak Soad
Published: December 2024

The polyphagous pest, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudocccidae) was recorded for the first time in Eastern Province, Hafr Al batin, Saudia Arabia, infested two ornamental plants Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Malvaceae) and Passiflora sp. (Passifloraceae) and Eggplants, Solanum melongena (Solanaceae). The results obtained revealed that the pest is now widely spread in Saudia Arabia since it’s first recorded in the western side in Al Taif in 2020. The morphological characteristics to distinguish the species are given to help in future identification. In order to stop its spread and its impact on vegetation throughout the Kingdom, more studies are needed regarding its seasonal activity, distribution, host range, economic damage, and the presence of any natural enemies to reduce its population especially it is listed as a pest of date palm, Phoenix dactylifera (Arecaceae).
IN THE LIGHT OF THE LOGIT MODEL: THE DARK RELATIONSHIP OF CORRUPTION AND POVERTY: THE CASE OF TURKEY
Authors: Çiğdem Gülgün , Kara Funda , Aydın Atilla , İmre Süreyya
Published: December 2024

Poverty, which has existed since the beginning of history and has a complex structure, and corruption, which is widespread all over the world, are critical issues that have attracted the attention of researchers and formed the focus of discussions for many years. Poverty is a complex reality that affects societies. It is not only material deprivation, but also encompasses many dimensions such as access to education, health and social opportunities, and affects both individuals and society. Corruption, on the other hand, poses a significant global threat. It is particularly prevalent and damaging in developing countries. Corruption can hinder economic growth and lead to social unrest, with consequences such as misuse of public resources, injustice and loss of trust. This study focuses on illuminating the potential relationship between poverty and corruption. The interaction of these two issues is important in both the academic and political spheres. At the same time, understanding this relationship can help create more effective strategies to improve social welfare. The Barro and Hanke Poverty Index (BHMI), a tool used to measure poverty, is calculated for the period of 2014:01-2022:10 considering Turkey. The findings show that the BHMI increases as the corruption perception index decreases. Increased corruption leads to increased poverty and worsening economy in Turkey. The empirical results show that each unit increase in the Corruption Perception Index decreases the Logit value by 18.2 units. The study aims to contribute to the understanding and solution of complex problems such as poverty and corruption through the variables and empirical methods used.
Application of smart technologies in water management analysis
Authors: Piaseckienė Gintarė , Antuchevičienė Jurgita
Published: December 2024

More and more regions of the world are suffering due to urbanization and emerging industries. Therefore, water extraction and water management become a priority issue globally. Scientists are beginning to implement the most modern technologies and use sustainable development and sustainable construction solutions which would help solve water management problems. The article analyses the application of the most advanced technologies in water management, which increase the efficiency of buildings in the operational phase and help to implement the goals of sustainable development and sustainable construction. The study found that AI (Artificial Intelligence) and IoT (Internet of Things) technologies can be applied in many areas of water management. For example, monitoring and prevention of engineering network accidents, water distribution in engineering networks, wastewater treatment, water desalination processes, selection of efficient water-saving engineering solutions, flood prevention and implementation of sustainable construction. The implementation of the most modern technologies benefit citizens, state institutions, water management companies and the ecosystem.
The NuSTAR Local AGN N
H Distribution Survey (NuLANDS). I. Toward a Truly Representative Column Density Distribution in the Local Universe
Authors: Boorman Peter G. , Gandhi Poshak , Buchner Johannes , Stern Daniel , Ricci Claudio , Baloković Mislav , Asmus Daniel , Harrison Fiona A. , Svoboda Jiří , Greenwell Claire , Koss Michael J. , Alexander David M. , Annuar Adlyka , Bauer Franz E. , Brandt William N. , Brightman Murray , Civano Francesca , Chen Chien-Ting J. , Farrah Duncan , Forster Karl , Grefenstette Brian , Hönig Sebastian F. , Hill Adam B. , Kammoun Elias , Lansbury George , Lanz Lauranne , LaMassa Stephanie , Madsen Kristin , Marchesi Stefano , Middleton Matthew , Mingo Beatriz , Parker Michael L. , Treister Ezequiel , Ueda Yoshihiro , Urry C. Megan , Zappacosta Luca
Published: December 2024

Hard X-ray-selected samples of active galactic nuclei (AGN) provide one of the cleanest views of supermassive black hole accretion but are biased against objects obscured by Compton-thick gas column densities of N
H > 1024 cm−2. To tackle this issue, we present the NuSTAR Local AGN N
H Distribution Survey (NuLANDS)—a legacy sample of 122 nearby (z < 0.044) AGN primarily selected to have warm infrared colors from IRAS between 25 and 60 μm. We show that optically classified Type 1 and 2 AGN in NuLANDS are indistinguishable in terms of optical [O iii] line flux and mid-to-far-infrared AGN continuum bolometric indicators, as expected from an isotropically selected AGN sample, while Type 2 AGN are deficient in terms of their observed hard X-ray flux. By testing many X-ray spectroscopic models, we show the measured line-of-sight column density varies on average by ∼1.4 orders of magnitude depending on the obscurer geometry. To circumvent such issues, we propagate the uncertainties per source into the parent column density distribution, finding a directly measured Compton-thick fraction of 35% ± 9%. By construction, our sample will miss sources affected by severe narrow-line reddening, and thus segregates sources dominated by small-scale nuclear obscuration from large-scale host-galaxy obscuration. This bias implies an even higher intrinsic obscured AGN fraction may be possible, although tests for additional biases arising from our infrared selection find no strong effects on the measured column density distribution. NuLANDS thus holds potential as an optimized sample for future follow-up with current and next-generation instruments aiming to study the local AGN population in an isotropic manner.
Extending the ALMA Census of Circumstellar Disks in the Upper Scorpius OB Association
Authors: Carpenter John M. , Esplin Taran L. , Luhman Kevin L. , Mamajek Eric E. , Andrews Sean M.
Published: December 2024

We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Band 7 continuum (340 GHz) and carbon monoxide (CO) J = 3–2 observations for an extended sample of disks in the Upper Scorpius OB Association (Upper Sco, age ∼10 Myr). The targets were selected from previous studies that identified new members of Upper Sco using photometry and astrometry from the Gaia mission, and the presence of a disk has been inferred from mid-infrared excess emission. The new ALMA observations are combined with previous ALMA data to define a sample of 202 Upper Sco members with disks that have spectral types between G0 and M5.5. Among these sources, 120 (59%) have been detected in the continuum with a signal-to-noise ratio ≥3, and 83 (41%) have been detected in CO J = 3–2. Both the continuum and CO J = 3–2 fluxes show a strong correlation with the spectral type of the central star and the type of disk inferred from the shape of the infrared spectral energy distribution, where disks around earlier-type stars and full disks are more luminous than disks around later-type stars and evolved and debris disks. The median dust continuum luminosity is lower for disks in Upper Sco than in younger regions, as found in previous studies, where the differences are more pronounced in later spectral types (M4–M5) than in earlier spectral types.
Combining Direct Black Hole Mass Measurements and Spatially Resolved Stellar Kinematics to Calibrate the M
BH–σ
⋆ Relation of Active Galaxies
Authors: Winkel Nico , Bennert Vardha N. , Remigio Raymond P. , Treu Tommaso , Jahnke Knud , U Vivian , Barth Aaron J. , Malkan Matthew , Husemann Bernd , Ding Xuheng , Birrer Simon
Published: December 2024

The origin of the tight scaling relation between the mass of supermassive black holes (SMBHs; M
BH) and their host-galaxy properties remains unclear. Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) probe phases of ongoing SMBH growth and offer the only opportunity to measure M
BH beyond the local Universe. However, determining an AGN's host galaxy's stellar velocity dispersion, σ
⋆, and its galaxy dynamical mass, M
dyn, is complicated by AGN contamination, aperture effects, and different host-galaxy morphologies. We select a sample of AGNs for which M
BH has been independently determined to high accuracy by state-of-the-art techniques: dynamical modeling of the reverberation signal and spatially resolving the broad-line region with the Very Large Telescope Interferometer/GRAVITY. Using integral-field spectroscopic observations, we spatially map the host-galaxy stellar kinematics across the galaxy and bulge effective radii. We find that the dynamically hot component of galaxy disks correlates with M
BH; however, the correlations are tightest for aperture-integrated σ
⋆ measured across the bulge. Accounting for the different M
BH distributions, we demonstrate—for the first time—that AGNs follow the same M
BH–σ
⋆ and M
BH–M
bulge,dyn relations as quiescent galaxies. We confirm that the classical approach of determining the virial factor as a sample average, yielding

log
f
=
0.65
±
0.18

, is consistent with the average f from individual measurements. The similarity between the underlying scaling relations of AGNs and quiescent galaxies implies that the current AGN phase is too short to have altered black hole masses on a population level. These results strengthen the local calibration of f for measuring single-epoch M
BH in the distant Universe.
Spectroscopic Modeling of Luminous Transients Powered by H-rich and He-rich Circumstellar Interaction
Authors: Wagle Gururaj A. , Chatzopoulos Emmanouil , Baer Michael J.
Published: December 2024

In this study, we perform detailed spectroscopic modeling to analyze the interaction of circumstellar material (CSM) with ejecta in both hydrogen-rich and hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae (SLSNe), by systematically varying properties such as the CSM density, composition, and geometry to explore their effects on spectral lines and light-curve evolution. Using advanced radiative transfer simulations with the new, open-source SuperLite code to generate synthetic spectra, we identify key spectroscopic indicators of CSM characteristics. Our findings demonstrate that spectral lines of hydrogen and helium exhibit significant variations due to differences in CSM mass and composition. In hydrogen-rich Type II SLSNe, we observe pronounced hydrogen emission lines that correlate strongly with a dense, extended CSM, suggesting massive, eruptive mass-loss histories. Conversely, in hydrogen-poor SLSNe, we recover mostly featureless spectra at early times, with weak hydrogen lines appearing only in the very early phases of the explosion, highlighting the quick ionization of traces of hydrogen present in the CSM. We analyze the properties of the resulting emission lines, particularly H
α
and H
β
, for our models using sophisticated statistical methods. This analysis reveals how variations in the SN progenitor and CSM properties can lead to distinct spectroscopic evolutions over time. These temporal changes provide crucial insights into the underlying physics driving the explosion and the subsequent interaction with the CSM. By linking these spectroscopic observations to the initial properties of the progenitor and its surrounding material, our study offers a useful tool for probing the pre-explosion histories of these explosive events.
Bird's-eye View of Molecular Gas across Stephan's Quintet Galaxy Group and Intragroup Medium
Authors: Emonts B. H. C. , Appleton P. N. , Lisenfeld U. , Guillard P. , Xu C. K. , Reach W. T. , Barcos-Muñoz L. , Labiano A. , Ogle P. M. , O’Sullivan E. , Togi A. , Gallagher S. C. , Aromal P. , Duc P.-A. , Alatalo K. , Boulanger F. , Díaz-Santos T. , Helou G.
Published: December 2024

We present the large-scale distribution and kinematics of cold molecular gas across the compact galaxy group Stephan’s Quintet, based on CO(2–1) observations performed with the Atacama Compact Array (ACA) and CO(1–0) data from the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy (CARMA). We find coherent structures of molecular gas associated with the galaxies and intragroup medium, which follow the distribution of warm H2 previously seen with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). CO is associated with a ridge of shocked gas that crosses the galaxy group, and with a spiral arm of the intruding galaxy NGC 7318b, which interacts with the intragroup medium along the ridge. Although the ridge contains widespread shocks, turbulent gas, and warm H2, the CO lines are narrower than elsewhere in Stephan’s Quintet (FWHM ∼ 25–65 km s−1), indicative of settled cold gas. At a distinctly different velocity, CO is found in the active galaxy NGC 7319 and northern star-forming region SQ-A. A bridge of turbulent molecular gas connects NGC 7319 with the ridge, covering a gap of ∼700 km s−1 between these structures. The gas excitation ranges from

L

CO

(
2
−
1

′

/

L

CO

(
1
−
0

′

∼ 0.3 in the bridge and SQ-A, to ∼0.5 along the ridge, to near unity in the center of NGC 7319. We also detect either a molecular outflow or turbulent molecular gas associated with the radio source in NGC 7319. These ACA data are part of a program with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array and JWST to study the physics of molecular gas from the largest to the smallest scales across the intragroup medium of Stephan’s Quintet.
Finding the Fuse: Prospects for the Detection and Characterization of Hydrogen-rich Core-collapse Supernova Precursor Emission with the LSST
Authors: Gagliano A. , Berger E. , Villar V. A. , Hiramatsu D. , Kessler R. , Matsumoto T. , Gilkis A. , Laplace E.
Published: December 2024

Enhanced emission in the months to years preceding explosion has been detected for several core-collapse supernovae (SNe). Though the physical mechanisms driving the emission remain hotly debated, the light curves of detected events show long-lived (≥50 days), plateau-like behavior, suggesting hydrogen recombination may significantly contribute to the total energy budget. The Vera C. Rubin Observatory’s Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) will provide a decade-long photometric baseline to search for this emission, both in binned pre-explosion observations after an SN is detected and in single-visit observations prior to the SN explosion. In anticipation of these searches, we simulate a range of eruptive precursor models to core-collapse SNe and forecast the discovery rates of these phenomena in LSST data. We find a detection rate of ∼40–130 yr−1 for SN IIP/IIL precursors and ∼110 yr−1 for SN IIn precursors in single-epoch photometry. Considering the first three years of observations with the effects of rolling and observing triplets included, this number grows to a total of 150–400 in binned photometry, with the highest number recovered when binning in 100 day bins for 2020tlf-like precursors and in 20 day bins for other recombination-driven models from the literature. We quantify the impact of using templates contaminated by residual light (from either long-lived or separate precursor emission) on these detection rates, and explore strategies for estimating baseline flux to mitigate these issues. Spectroscopic follow-up of the eruptions preceding core-collapse SNe and detected with LSST will offer important clues to the underlying drivers of terminal-stage mass loss in massive stars.
Short-period Heartbeat Binaries from TESS Full-frame Images
Authors: Solanki Siddhant , Cieplak Agnieszka M. , Schnittman Jeremy , Baker John G. , Barclay Thomas , Barry Richard K. , Kostov Veselin , Kruse Ethan , Olmschenk Greg , Powell Brian P. , Ishitani Silva Stela , Torres Guillermo
Published: December 2024

We identify 240 short-period (P ≲ 10 days) binary systems in Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite data, 180 of which are heartbeat binaries. The sample is mostly a mix of A- and B-type stars and primarily includes eclipsing systems, where over 30% of the sources with primary and secondary eclipses show a secular change in their intereclipse timings and relative eclipse depths over a multiyear timescale, likely due to orbital precession. The orbital parameters of the population are estimated by fitting a heartbeat model to their phase curves and Gaia magnitudes, where the model accounts for ellipsoidal variability, Doppler beaming, reflection effects, and eclipses. We construct the sample’s period–eccentricity distribution and find an eccentricity cutoff (where e → 0) at a period of 1.7 days. Additionally, we measure the periastron advance rate for 12 of the precessing sources and find that they all exhibit prograde apsidal precession, which is as high as 9° yr−1 for one of the systems. Using the inferred stellar parameters, we estimate the general relativistic precession rate of the argument of periastron for the population and expect over 30 systems to show a precession in excess of 0.3° yr−1.
First record of the genus Anthomalachius Tshernyshev, 2009 (Coleoptera, Malachiidae) from China
Authors: Tong Junbo , Tshernyshev Sergei , Yang Yuxia , Liu Haoyu
Published: December 2024

Anthomalachius Tshernyshev, 2009 is a small genus belonging to the tribe Malachiini in the family Malachiidae of the order Coleoptera, with six currently known species: A. spinosus (Erichson, 1840) from Central, Eastern and Southern Europe and North Africa; A. strangulatus (Abeille de Perrin, 1885) from Central Europe to Central Asia; A. davoodi Ezzatpanah, 2011 from Iran; A. senylia (Tshernyshev, 2000) from Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan; A. foveatus (Medvedev, 1964) from Kazakstan, Russia and Mongolia; A. pseudospinosus (Medvedev, 1964) from Kazakhstan and Turkey.

In this study, Anthomalachius Tshernyshev, 2009 is newly recorded from China upon the discovery of A. pseudospinosus (Medvedev, 1964) from Xinjiang Autonomous Region. The adult morphological characters are re-described in detail with illustrations of external appearance and relevant characters. The female ovipositor, pygidium and ultimate abdominal ventrite of A. pseudospinosus are illustrated and described for the first time.
Contrasts in perception of the interaction between non-native species and climate change
Authors: Perrin Sam Wenaas , Lundmark Carina , Wenaas Camilla Perrin , Finstad Anders Gravbrøt
Published: December 2024

Over the last century, intensification of human movement has resulted in a large-scale redistribution of species worldwide. In recent decades, this phenomenon has been further compounded by climate change, creating complex challenges in the management of non-native species. As effective management can be hampered by gaps in communication and understanding between scientific researchers, natural resource managers and the wider public, assessing consensus between these groups is crucial.

Here, we adopt an explorative approach to analyse three key groups concerned with the management of freshwater ecosystems – recreational fishers, natural resource managers and scientific researchers. Our objective is to better understand the level of consensus regarding the interaction between non-native species and climate change.

We found that, while scientific researchers and managers had varying opinions on the management of non-native species as driven by climate change, recreational fishers were almost unanimously opposed to the potential presence of non-native species, regardless of the nature of their introduction. Additionally, definitions of what constitutes a non-native species varied greatly between and within the groups.

Our results underline both the current lack of consensus on the definition and management of non-native species and gaps in understanding between and within the three groups regarding both the nature of non-native species and the range-shifting effects of climate change.
Xanthophytum antoanense (Rubiaceae, Ophiorrhizeae), a new species from Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Hieu Cuong , Nguyen-Le Xuan Bach , Nguyen Quoc Dat , Nguyen Tran Quoc Trung , Luu Hong Truong
Published: December 2024

Xanthophytum antoanense is described as a new species endemic to Central Vietnam. It is morphologically closest to X. capitatum in having setose hairs on the abaxial leaf surface and a pedunculate head-like inflorescence but differs from the latter by a number of characteristics: shorter stem, 3-lobed stipules, narrowly lanceolate leaf blades with a cuneate-oblique base and 20–22 pairs of secondary veins, 3.5–4.5 cm long peduncle, spatulate calyx lobes, larger corollas with a 5–5.4 mm long tube and 2.4–3 mm long lobes, and an apically hairy style. A detailed description, an illustration, and information on distribution, ecology and phenology, and a provisional assessment of the conservation status of the new species are provided.
Former des officiers en clandestinité
Authors: Barey Morgane
Published: December 2024

Si la formation reçue par les officiers français tout au long de leur carrière ne les prépare pas aux combats clandestins, leur expérience du terrain et de la guerre, leur capacité à fournir une instruction de base essentielle à la militarisation des maquis n’en demeurent pas moins des atouts non négligeables pour les mouvements de résistance à partir de 1942. Se pose alors la question de leur apport comme celle de l’acculturation qui émerge entre méthodes régulières et irrégulières. Y a-t-il adaptation ou bien accaparement d’un modèle au détriment de l’autre ? Selon quels critères ? Enfin, le devenir des méthodes mises en œuvre par les résistants à l’approche de la Libération doit aussi être interrogé.
Des élections de 1946 à celles de 1950 en Turquie
Authors: Garapon Béatrice , Murat Geçikli Recep
Published: December 2024

Les élections de 1946 puis celles de 1950 sont la première compétition organisée entre plusieurs partis politiques en Turquie. Cette étude propose d’analyser le rôle de ces élections dans le changement de régime. Au-delà de leurs résultats, ces consultations sont analysées comme un fait social, soit comme une opération concrète, mais aussi comme un objet de mobilisation et un moment fondateur. Cette contribution montre que le Parti démocrate turc, parti d’opposition fondé en 1946, joue un rôle majeur dans cette première acculturation à la civilisation électorale en se saisissant des élections pour imposer une compétition équitable et mobiliser les électeurs.
Crise raciale et genèse de l’athlète activiste à San José State College (1967)
Authors: Julliard François-René
Published: December 2024

La mobilisation d’athlètes noirs de San José State College (Californie) constitue un épisode méconnu de l’activisme sportif de la fin des années 1960 aux États-Unis. Elle aboutit in fine au célèbre geste du poing levé des sprinteurs Tommie Smith et John Carlos sur le podium des Jeux olympiques de Mexico. S’appuyant principalement sur les archives de l’université (coupures de presse, correspondances, littérature grise), cet article analyse les ressorts de la contestation nourrie par la volonté de mettre fin aux différentes formes d’exclusion raciale que subissent ces athlètes sur le campus. Il entend aussi souligner le rôle du monde universitaire comme matrice du processus de politisation à l’œuvre dans la « révolte de l’athlète noir ».
Variability in the Evaluation and Treatment of Healthy Neonates With Uncomplicated Conjunctivitis
Authors: Nelson Camden , Deshler Bailee J. , Bernstein Brittany , Aronoff Stephen
Published: December 2024

Purpose

To explore the current state of diagnosis and management of neonatal conjunctivitis.

Methods

Cosmos, an EHR-based, de-identified data set including more than 200 million patients, was used for this study. Neonates born between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2022, discharged from the hospital by day 3 of life, and with an ambulatory visit within the first 4 weeks of life associated with a new diagnosis of neonatal conjunctivitis (SNOMED) or conjunctivitis (ICD-10 H10.*) were included. Cosmos slicer/dicer software was used to extract demographic, diagnostic, etiologic, and therapeutic data.

Results

A total of 1,870 of 7,325,276 (0.0255%) neonates with a hospital stay of 3 days or less met criteria for inclusion: 96.5% were from the United States, 16.2% were admitted to the hospital, and bacterial cultures were obtained from 21.3%. Congenital lacrimal duct stenosis was causative in 2.7% of patients. Important infectious agents included staphylococcal, streptococcal, or enterococcal species (2.5%),
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
(1.6%), and
Chlamydia trachomatis
(0.6%). No herpesviral or
Pseudomonas
infections were identified. Antimicrobial agents were prescribed to 93.7% of patients and given ophthalmically (79.5%), orally (11.4%), and parenterally (7.7%).

Conclusions

The evaluation and management of neonatal conjunctivitis within United States ambulatory settings are highly variable. Diagnostic studies are underused, resulting in limited etiologic data and a lack of susceptibility-guided treatment.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 20XX;X(X):XXX–XXX.]
Metriplectic Euler-Poincaré equations: smooth and discrete dynamics
Authors: Bloch Anthony , Puiggalí Marta Farré , de Diego David Martín
Published: December 2024

In this paper we will introduce a discrete version of systems obtained by modifications of the Euler-Poincaré equations when we add a special type of dissipative force, so that the equations of motion can be described using the metriplectic formalism. The metriplectic representation of the dynamics allows us to describe the conservation of energy, as well as to guarantee entropy production. For deriving the discrete equations we use discrete gradients to numerically simulate the evolution of the continuous metriplectic equations preserving their main properties: preservation of energy and correct entropy production rate.
Single index regression for locally stationary functional time series
Authors: Agua Breix Michael , Bouzebda Salim
Published: December 2024

In this research, we formulated an asymptotic theory for single index regression applied to locally stationary functional time series. Our approach involved introducing estimators featuring a regression function that exhibited smooth temporal changes. We rigorously established the uniform convergence rates for kernel estimators, specifically the Nadaraya-Watson (NW) estimator for the regression function. Additionally, we provided a central limit theorem for the NW estimator. Finally, the theory was supported by a comprehensive simulation study to investigate the finite-sample performance of our proposed method.
Introduction to Digital Forensics and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Zangana Hewa Majeed , Omar Marwan
Published: December 2024

This chapter explores the intersection of digital forensics and artificial intelligence (AI), emphasizing the transformative impact AI is having on digital investigative techniques. Digital forensics, traditionally focused on the collection, preservation, and analysis of electronic evidence, is facing new challenges and opportunities in the era of AI. The rapid proliferation of digital devices and the sophistication of cyber threats demand enhanced methods for accurate and timely evidence gathering. AI technologies, including machine learning, natural language processing, and deep learning, are empowering forensic professionals to detect, analyze, and interpret vast volumes of data with unprecedented efficiency. This chapter discusses the fundamentals of digital forensics, examines the integration of AI tools within forensic processes, and addresses the ethical and privacy concerns that arise. The insights provided will help readers understand how AI can bolster digital forensics, enabling more proactive and precise responses to cybercrime.
Cybercrime Investigation and Fraud Detection With AI
Authors: Shamoo Yara
Published: December 2024

The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) has introduced transformative possibilities for cybercrime investigation and fraud detection, enabling enhanced accuracy, efficiency, and adaptability. AI-powered tools such as machine learning algorithms, natural language processing, and computer vision offer robust solutions for detecting fraudulent activities, tracing digital evidence, and identifying anomalous behaviors across diverse platforms. This chapter explores the fundamental technologies that underlie AI applications in digital forensics, discussing key methodologies, challenges, and case studies that illustrate AI's role in combating cybercrime. Emphasis is placed on how AI techniques support law enforcement in recognizing sophisticated fraud schemes, performing predictive analysis, and adapting to ever-changing cyber threats. Additionally, we address ethical and privacy concerns related to AI-driven surveillance and investigation processes, underscoring the need for a balanced approach in leveraging AI for crime prevention. This chapter provides valuable insights for cybersecurity professionals, digital forensics experts, and law enforcement agencies on the effective deployment of AI to counteract fraud and secure digital ecosystems.
Machine Learning in IoT and Mobile Device Forensics
Authors: Basharat Mahmoud
Published: December 2024

The increasing integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) and mobile devices in everyday life has led to significant advancements in the field of digital forensics. However, the complexity and volume of data generated by these devices pose challenges for traditional forensic methods. Machine learning (ML) has emerged as a powerful tool to address these challenges by enabling the automation of data analysis, anomaly detection, and pattern recognition in IoT and mobile device forensics. This chapter explores the role of machine learning in enhancing forensic investigations, with a focus on its application to IoT devices and mobile phones. It highlights various machine learning techniques, including supervised and unsupervised learning, deep learning, and reinforcement learning, and examines their potential in solving complex forensic cases. The chapter also discusses the ethical and legal considerations surrounding the use of machine learning in forensics, as well as its limitations and future prospects in the evolving landscape of digital forensics.
Machine Learning in Digital Forensic Analysis
Authors: Jones Angel Justo
Published: December 2024

Machine learning (ML) is transforming digital forensic analysis by enhancing the speed, accuracy, and depth of evidence examination and interpretation. This chapter explores the integration of ML algorithms into digital forensic workflows, including anomaly detection, pattern recognition, and predictive modeling. It discusses how various machine learning techniques, such as supervised and unsupervised learning, deep learning, and reinforcement learning, are applied to tasks like data classification, incident response, and evidence triage. Challenges such as model interpretability, data privacy, and adversarial attacks are addressed alongside emerging solutions to improve robustness and reliability. Through case studies and practical applications, this chapter underscores the impact of machine learning on evolving forensic capabilities, contributing to more efficient investigations and enhanced decision-making processes.
Behavioral Analysis and User Profiling in Forensic Investigations
Authors: Jones Angel Justo , Jones Bianca Montes
Published: December 2024

In the rapidly evolving field of digital forensics, the integration of behavioral analysis and user profiling has emerged as a critical component for enhancing investigation accuracy and efficiency. This chapter explores the role of behavioral analysis in forensic investigations, focusing on how user profiling techniques can be utilized to identify behavior patterns, track digital footprints, and detect anomalous activities. We examine various methods for collecting, analyzing, and interpreting user data from diverse digital sources, including social media, browsing history, and mobile devices. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges forensic experts face in handling large volumes of data, maintaining privacy, and ensuring the integrity of evidence. This chapter aims to provide insights into the growing importance of behavioral analysis and user profiling for modern forensic investigations in the digital age through a combination of AI-driven tools and traditional forensic methodologies.
Navigating Emerging AI Technologies and Future Trends in Cybersecurity and Forensics
Authors: Khare Pranjal , Raghuwanshi Vishambhar
Published: December 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed digital forensics and cybersecurity, enhancing efficiency and accuracy in combating cybercrime and analyzing evidence. This chapter will explore AI's capabilities in handling vast data, identifying patterns, reconstructing crime scenes, and detecting anomalies that have revolutionized investigations.. However, these technologies also pose challenges, including ethical concerns, algorithmic bias, privacy issues, and potential misuse. In cybersecurity, AI facilitates real-time threat detection, fraud prevention, and cross-border cooperation against cyberattacks. Despite these advancements, addressing challenges like international legal inconsistencies, transparency, and ethical implications is critical. As AI evolves, its integration into forensic science and cybersecurity holds immense potential to uphold justice and security, demanding balanced governance to ensure ethical and lawful applications.