bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The embodiment of the dialogue-polemic of A. Zhid with F.M. Dostoevsky and F. Nietzsche in the artistic space of the story "The Immoralist"
Authors: Glazkova Marina Mikhailovna
Published: September 2022

The object of the study was the work of A. Zhid "The Immoralist" (1902). The work reveals and analyzes the originality of the artistic thought of the French writer, which manifests itself through an oxymoronic combination of the concepts of two philosophers-thinkers – F.M. Dostoevsky and F. Nietzsche. The reading of the work of A. Zhid in the context of a kind of dialogue is used. On the one hand, it is a dialogue with F. Nietzsche, with his idea of the role of a superman who takes the place of God in a world where "God died". On the other hand, with F. M. Dostoevsky, for whom the gospel truths remain indisputable. At the same time, it is a dialogue between F.M. Dostoevsky and F. Nietzsche in the artistic space of the work of the French writer. It is determined that the dialogue, carried out in a kind of triangle, reveals the main moral and philosophical problems of the "Immoralist" – the clash of Christian morality and Nietzschean absolute freedom.   The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the analysis of the little-studied work of A. Zhid "Immoralist" was carried out in the parameters of an exclusive dialogue-polemic with radically opposite thinkers, F. Dostoevsky and F. Nietzsche, who significantly influenced the spiritual climate of the twentieth century. A. The Jew combines two opposing concepts in one artistic space, but no one wins in this struggle. F. Nietzsche and Dostoevsky reinforce the peculiar disturbing reflections of A. Zhid about the moral conflicts of the modern world. The work comprehends a number of general issues essential for the study of the history of literature, in particular, these are questions of philosophy, religion, morality.
The emergence of phrasal verbs and their functioning in modern economic discourse
Authors: Akopyan Anna
Published: September 2022

The article discusses the main issues related to the history of phrasal verbs. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of phrasal verbs used in economic discourse from the point of view of their communicative function and the peculiarities of their interpretation for a foreign-language audience. The article provides examples of the use of phrasal verbs in economic discourse, using the example of various journals devoted to economics. In the process of analyzing phrasal verbs, the author makes it clear that because of their characteristic expressiveness, emotional coloring and informativeness, phrasal verbs began to be used in various fields of scientific and professional discourse. The novelty of this study is due to the wide spread of phrasal verbs both in oral and written speech, which necessitates their deeper study for effective use in the course of intercultural communication. In addition, insufficient knowledge of the peculiarities of their use and functioning in English can cause errors not only for a beginner, but also for a language learner for a long time. Phrasal verbs can make it difficult or distort the understanding of the meaning not only of a single sentence, but also of the text as a whole when foreigners perceive English.
Literary allusions in detective novels by Agatha Christie
Authors: Porinets Yurii Yur'evich
Published: September 2022

The author analyzes literary allusions in detective novels by Agatha Christie. For the first time, allusions to the works of W. Shakespeare, C. Dickens, P. G. Wodehouse, G. K. Chesterton are considered in detail. Many allusions are established for the first time. As a material for writing this article, a large number of novels were used, among which there are also rarely considered texts of the English writer. The meaning of allusions to "Twelfth Night" in the novel "The Sad Cypress" is revealed in detail, to the works of Wodehouse – in the novel "Why not Evans?" In the article, in the context of the studied problem, the features of escapism of the detective genre are considered. Based on the consideration of examples from a number of novels by Agatha Christie, conclusions are drawn about the significance of literary allusions in her novels in general and in specific works in particular. Allusions expand the semantic field of novels, allow Agatha Christie to go beyond the detective story, limited by the principles of formulaic literature, to consider psychological problems, to portray ambiguous characters in the spirit of classical English literature. At the same time, with the help of a significant number of allusions emphasized by the author, the literary nature of what is happening in detective novels is brought to the fore, which largely corresponds to the escapist nature of this genre.
The Innocence in the Novels of Agatha Christie
Authors: Porinets Yurii Yur'evich
Published: September 2022

The author examines the motive of innocence in the detective novels of Agatha Christie. This motive is being analyzed in detail for the first time. The conceptual basis of the research was the works of W. H. Auden, G. K. Chesterton, D. Cavelty, D. Sayers devoted to the genre of detective literature. Using the example of many novels, the article traces the relationship between the motives of guilt, innocence, paradise lost and others. The motive of love is considered as a motive, in many ways the opposite of the motive of guilt. Special attention is paid in the article to the novel "The Trial of Innocence", on the example of which the motive of innocence and its significance in the motivic structure are revealed. Based on numerous examples, the article shows that the search for truth in Agatha Christie's detectives is essentially equivalent to the defense of innocence. The motive of innocence in Agatha Christie's novels is of great importance and is closely related to the motives of guilt, retribution, justice, good and evil, paradise, trust, and personality formation. The article shows that it is the protection of innocent characters (both victims of crime and those unjustly accused) that is the primary task for those who conduct the investigation. This is due to the idea inherent in the detective genre of restoring the original harmony destroyed as a result of the crime.
Maqam in the context of Islamic musical culture
Authors: Shaiakhmetova Alfiia Kamelievna
Published: September 2022

The maqam, closely connected at first with the cult-ritual practice, absorbed and reflected philosophical and ethical ideas. These ideas, fixed in the system of maqams, despite their clear canonization, changed; they underwent a certain historical transformation due to changes in the social structure of society itself. However, the main aesthetic function of the maqam, the nature of its emotional and psychological impact on a person, a deep connection with the world around him, remained in the view of Eastern thinkers and musicians unshakable until the XX century. Today, macs should be understood on the one hand as a paradigmatic structure, on the other hand, as a compositional form. The subtlest gradation of human feelings, emotional and psychological states also determined a carefully developed (theoretically) mode, intonation, pitch system of images, symbols, signs, their connection with specific manifestations of spiritual experiences and emotional states. Certain universal principles of musical dramaturgy are observed in the makam, based on diverse contrast: fret, timbre-register, dynamic, vocal-instrumental, rhythmic. These internal contrasts are infinitely diverse, but they are outlined so subtly, barely perceptible. Instrumental and vocal-instrumental music in Islamic culture was mainly an environment of professional musicians who mastered the art of maqam thinking. Makam represented the unity of the theory of performing practice for musicians.
Features of the development of clay toys based on folk crafts in modern Russia
Authors: Liu Tianchi
Published: September 2022

The current situation in the manufacture and positioning of clay toys in Russia — a country with rich traditions of the existence of large and small crafts of this kind — is ambiguous, but has positive dynamics. The appeal to the activities of individual toy makers, both amateur and professional artists, provides the basis for understanding the current state of the craft. Of interest is the analysis of the search by craftsmen from different parts of the country for new artistic solutions both in terms of the shape of products and their decoration, in conditions of following the principles of craftsmen of the past. Currently, there is a surge of interest in clay toys in the works of modern masters from Russian researchers. However, a comprehensive study of its existence in various villages and cities of Russia has not been conducted. This determines the need to establish "hotbeds" of craft development, identify the most prominent representatives, establish links between modern creative activity and the traditions of the past, as well as identify new things that artists offer in their activities. The study also includes those crafts that have emerged recently and are not the result of continuity, but have a rather distinctive form and use elements of the artistic language of other crafts.
Cartoon images as a means of national and cultural self-identification in Modern China
Authors: Wu Zijian
Published: September 2022

Chinese animation of the beginning of the XXI century shows significant progress. A number of cartoons and animated series have been released. The hypothesis of the study is that their imagery, plots, and artistic features differ from foreign cartoons and gradually acquire a national identity. This process began in the 2000s, and its pace is only increasing, while it arouses interest from foreign studies, including Russian ones. The typological analysis of the images of the characters of famous Chinese cartoons created at the beginning of the XXI century, as well as the analysis of stylistic and artistic features used by the authors to convey the uniqueness of the character, as well as to emphasize its belonging to Chinese culture, is the main problem of the article. The purpose of this research is to study the specifics of modern Chinese cartoon characters, to identify the features of the development process and the formation of their individual traits in accordance with national characteristics. Chinese animators tend to use the language of traditional art, attributes and symbols characteristic of the national culture. An appeal to the analysis of modern cartoon pictures allows us to highlight the main features of animated characters "with Chinese specifics". In addition, it is of interest to compare the features of the formation of images associated with China in foreign animated films and the characteristic features of characters appearing in the works of modern Chinese animators.
Features of the St. Petersburg image in watercolor painting
Authors: Xie Yueyue
Published: September 2022

The image of St. Petersburg is an integral part of Russian art, in particular, in watercolor painting. This article is devoted to the analysis of the work of Russian watercolor artists, identifying the specifics and characteristic features of the image of the city on the Neva in their work. The object of the study is watercolors by Russian artists, the subject is expressive means, techniques and methods through which the image of St. Petersburg is embodied. On the example of watercolor works by E.P. Gau, I.A. Vladimirova, A.S. Vedernikov, A.P. Ostroumova-Lebedeva, P.P. Grigoryants, G.P. Fitingof, A. Ermolaev, V.V. Proshkin, K. Kuzema, V. Kolbasov, O. Litvinenko, etc. the historical transformation of the artistic image of St. Petersburg, its conditionality by cultural and historical factors and the nature of the life of the inhabitants of the city is shown. The study concluded that the image of St. Petersburg is important for Russian artists, as well as a significant variety of its creative interpretations. Each watercolor work demonstrates the subjective attitude of artists to St. Petersburg, thanks to which real urban landscapes acquire spirituality and unique expressiveness. The complex historical fate of this cultural and artistic center of Russia, which was once a magnificent capital, experienced revolutionary events and went through military destruction, determined the versatility of creative approaches to the embodiment of the city, as a result of various turns of history, it lost, then regained its greatness, beauty and attractiveness. Petersburg in watercolors is invariably filled with vitality, lyrical feelings and the love of artists.
Ethics without ideology or a new theory of synderesis
Authors: Brodskii Aleksandr Iosifovich
Published: September 2022

The article analyzes the problem of the correlation of morality and ideology. The author believes that the distinction between morality and ideology can be made only at the level of their genealogy: if ideology is a socio-cultural product, then morality is rooted in human nature, in "moral intuitions", which medieval scholastic philosophy called synderesis. In modern ethics, synderesis can be identified with the neurophysiological prerequisites of morality. Opponents of this approach argue that, firstly, it excludes free will, and secondly, it does not explain the content of moral values and norms in any way. The author of the article criticizes these statements and offers his original theory of synderesis. The article draws an analogy between ethics and intuitionistic mathematics, which considers mathematical objects as the results of intellectual construction based on initial intuitions. Ethical objects should also be considered as constructions based on innate intuitions. Moral intuitions do not exclude free will, since they rely on rationality inherent in our nature, the main property of which is the ability to make decisions regardless of external stimuli and internal states. In addition, these intuitions influence the content of our norms, as they are the "operators" of their construction and are included in the "final product".
Lire l’opéra italien en France. Transferts culturels et traductions de Métastase à l’époque des Lumières
Authors: Scandola Massimo
Published: September 2022

In this paper we propose to study the editorial context of Metastasio’s translations. Then we will identify the types of Italian-speaking readers interested in the opéra seria based on an analysis of unexplored documentary sources. Finally, we will explain how the circulation of these translations changed the “literary scene”. This contribution analyzes the Preface by Charles Bonnet de Chemilin to the translation of the works of Pietro Metastasio (1749).
Zoltán Kulcsár-Szabó, Tamás Lénárt, Attila Simon, Roland Végső (Eds.). Life After Literature – Perspectives on Biopoetics in Literature and Theory. Cham, Springer, 2020. Pages: 284
Authors: Bollobás Enikő
Published: September 2022

Book review of Zoltán Kulcsár-Szabó, Tamás Lénárt, Attila Simon, Roland Végső (Eds.). Life After Literature – Perspectives on Biopoetics in Literature and Theory. Cham, Springer, 2020. Pages: 284.
Janneth Español Casallas, Literatura y derecho. Discursos literariosy jurídicos de la memoria histórica en Colombia y en España. Bogotá: Tirant lo Blanch, 2021. Pages: 408.
Authors: Datteroni Silvia
Published: September 2022

Book review of Janneth Español Casallas, Literatura y derecho. Discursos literariosy jurídicos de la memoria histórica en Colombia y en España. Bogotá: Tirant lo Blanch, 2021. Pages: 408.
Convergence of the #MeToo Movement into #SayaJuga?: How Social Activists in Malaysia Leverage Social Media in Empowering Women
Authors:   hool of International Relations and Public Affairs, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200437, China, Goh Yong Le
Published: September 2022

This research primarily aims to highlight the interconnections among social activists, social media, and ordinary public in the actor-network encompassing women empowerment in Malaysia. The secondary aim is to expand the knowledge gap on active social activists’ perspective toward the development of the country’s women empowerment. Qualitative interview was used to create a holistic research on interviewee’s personal involvement toward women empowerment in Malaysia. The following themes were derived from the data analysis: an association exists between women empowerment and #MeToo movement; communication barriers to popularizing women empowerment; vulnerable groups in search of gender equality; and opinions toward policymakers’ attitudes in Malaysia. Actor-network theory was employed in highlighting the roles of human and non-human actants in the communication network. It suggested whether a unified hashtag is required to discuss gender equality issues in Malaysia. This research also highlights the research gap of the contemporary viewpoint from the social activists who aimed to empower their audience in Malaysia. Results provide insights into how opinion leaders and policy makers should construct strategies toward reaching their intended audience.
Understanding Aggression in Digital Environment: Relationship between Shame and Guilt and Cyber Aggression in Online Social Network
Authors:   Faculty of Psychology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta 12930, Indonesia, Adinugroho Indro , Kristiani Priska ,   Faculty of Psychology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta 12930, Indonesia, Nurrachman Nani ,   Faculty of Psychology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta 12930, Indonesia
Published: September 2022

Violence on the internet often occurs in Indonesia due to several aspects, such as political reason and entertainment purpose. It has emerged due to the rapid digital movement, which produces numerous digital applications that can widen the connection among humans from various backgrounds. Sometimes, different values and perceptions are the factors that incinerate violence on the internet, particularly verbal violence. In this study, we apply the term cyber aggression (CA), a form of structured and unstructured behavior to harm others online, to explain this phenomenon. The emergence of this new-kind of behavior must be addressed by the government and other stakeholders in managing social and political stability that requires intergroup relation. This study aims to explain two specific predictors that can empirically understand CA from the psychological perspective, namely, moral emotions and frequency of social media usage. Result shows that one dimension of moral emotion—guilt—is a significant predictor to inhibit CA. Moreover, shame precisely encourages people to conduct CA.
Quantifying individual scientific output in terms of a new intuitionistic fuzzy sets based author-level metrics (IFALM)
Authors:   Bioinformatics and Mathematical Modelling Department, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Atanassova Vassia
Published: September 2022

The present paper proposes the idea of formulating a new author-level citation metrics, quantifying the individual’s scientific output, which uses the concept of intuitionistic fuzzy sets. This new metrics gives more visibility to the proportion of direct self-citations and hidden (co-author or collaborative) self-citations in the form of an intuitionistic fuzzy pair. Examples are given retrieving the necessary information from Scopus, one of the largest databases of peer-reviewed literature, which algorithmically enables retrieval of one’s citations including and excluding their own or their co-authors’ self-citations, as well as the calculation of three different values of one’s h-index with and without these respectively. Linear and triangular graphical representations are given, as well as comparisons with the concept proposed in 2005 by Jorge E. Hirsch, the now famous h-index, and ideas for future elaboration of the concept of the new intuitionistic fuzzy sets based author-level metrics, or shortly IFALM.
Digital transformation project selection using Interval Valued Type-2 Intuitionistic Fuzzy TOPSIS
Authors:   Department of Industrial Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Öztayşi Başar , Cevik Onar Sezi ,   Department of Industrial Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Kahraman Cengiz ,   Department of Industrial Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Cebi Selcuk ,   Department of Industrial Engineering, Istanbul Technical University
Published: September 2022

Digital transformation necessitates fundamental changes in business processes, business models, and even cultures of the companies. DT projects provide a substantial value to the business competition and effect their market shares. In order to reach these results, digital transformation projects should be carefully analyzed and evaluated. In this paper, we focus on digital transformation project prioritization problem under multiple criteria. Just like many other technology related decisions, digital transformation problems are inherently uncertain, which leads researchers to employ the fuzzy set theory. Interval Valued Type-2 Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets (IVT2IFS) are a relatively new extension of fuzzy sets which take into account membership and non-membership values as an interval. In this paper, we utilize Interval Valued Type-2 Intuitionistic Fuzzy TOPSIS method for a digital transformation project prioritization problem and apply the model to a real-world example.
Clustering stock price volatility using intuitionistic fuzzy sets
Authors:   School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Westminster, Urumov Georgy , Chountas Panagiotis ,   School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Westminster
Published: September 2022

Clustering involves gathering a collection of objects into homogeneous groups or clusters, such that objects in the same cluster are more similar when compared to objects present in other groups. Clustering algorithms that generate a tree of clusters called dendrogram which can be either divisive or agglomerative. The partitional clustering gives a single partition of objects, with a predefined K number of clusters. The most popular partition clustering approaches are: k-means and fuzzy C-means (FCM). In k-means clustering, data are divided into a number of clusters where data elements belong to exactly one cluster. The k-means clustering works well when data elements are well separable. To overcome the problem of non-separability, FCM and IFCM clustering algorithm were proposed. Here we review the use of FCM/IFCM with reference to the problem of market volatility.
CAV1 alleviated CaOx stones formation via suppressing autophagy-dependent ferroptosis
Authors: Yang Yuanyuan , Hong Senyuan , Lu Yuchao , Wang Qing , Wang Shaogang , Xun Yang
Published: September 2022

Background

Calcium oxalate (CaOx) is the most common type of kidney stone, but the mechanism of CaOx stones formation remains unclear. The injury of renal cells such as ferroptosis and autophagy has been considered a basis for stones formation.

Methods

We conducted transmission electron microscope (TEM), reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and C11-BODIPY analysis to explore whether CaOx could induce autophagy-dependent ferroptosis in vivo and in vitro. To explore the possible mechanism, we conducted bioinformatic analysis of patients with or without CaOx stones, Western blot and qPCR were used to identify the different genes we found in bioinformatic analysis.

Results

In our study, we found that CaOx could induce autophagy-dependent ferroptosis no matter in vivo or in vitro, which might finally lead to urolithiasis. Bioinformatic analysis of the GSE73680 dataset indicated that the expression of caveolin-1 (CAV1) was higher in control patients than CaOx stone patients, the STRING database indicated that CAV1 might interact with low density lipoprotein receptro-related protein 6 (LRP6), Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) showed that the WNT pathway positively associated with the control group while negatively related to the stone group, and LRP6 was the core gene of the WNT pathway. Western blot found that CAV1, LRP6, and Wnt/β-Catenin were decreased in Human Kidney2 (HK2) cells stimulated with CaOx. Furthermore, the WNT pathway was considered to be involved in autophagy and ferroptosis.

Conclusions

We presumed that CAV1 could ameliorate autophagy-dependent ferroptosis through the LRP6/Wnt/β-Catenin axis, and finally alleviate CaOx stone formation.
Health policies for the LGBT population, cultural competence, and the organization for access to services:
Authors: Freitas Camila Amaral Moreno , Carvalho Vinícius Nunes , Jesus Naila Neves de , Bezerra Marcos Vinícius da Rocha , Santos Adriano Maia dos , Kochergin Clavdia Nicolaevna , Prado Nília Maria de Brito Lima
Published: September 2022

This is a literature review that aimed to analyze the scope of public health policies for the LGBT population in different countries on the European continent, North America and Oceania in order to identify the differences and similarities in content and organization of services and programs. 24 articles were selected to compose the corpus of this review. The results demonstrated the existence of different scopes of health policies for LGBT in the USA, Canada, Australia and the United Kingdom and a heterogeneous result with regard to the objective of the implementation of actions, with emphasis on directions related to LGBT aging, smoking cessation, control of alcohol and other drugs use, as well as cancer and HIV care policies. There was a predominance of approaches limited to the diseases (or unsafe sexual practices, instead focus to comprehensive health care to the LGBT population at different levels of complexity in health care. Furthermore, cultural differences imply granting comprehensive or restrictive health rights. It's necessary to improve the design of public health promotion policies for gender and sexual diversity that are more inclusive and concatenated with other determinants that permeate comprehensive health care.
The AI field needs translational Ethical AI research
Authors: Schaich Borg Jana
Published: September 2022

Calls for Ethical AI have become urgent and pervasive, especially as ethical issues surrounding AI products at tech companies are increasingly scrutinized by the public. Yet even after a first wave of responses to these calls coalesced around Ethical AI principles to guide decision‐making and a second wave generated technical tools to mitigate specific ethical issues, multiple lines of evidence indicate that these Ethical AI principles and technical tools have only a limited impact on the daily practices of AI users and producers. In other words, there is a big gap between what we publish in academic papers and what AI creators need to generate AI products that reflect society's values. Ethical AI is by no means the only field to have this problem. However, when medical and ecology fields documented similar gaps between their fields’ scientific discoveries and the practices and products that people actually use, they invested tremendous resources into subfields that developed evidence about how to translate what was done in the lab to adopted solutions. I argue in this commentary that it is our research community's moral duty to invest in our own subfield of “Translational Ethical AI” that will determine how best to ensure AI practitioners can implement the Ethical AI technical tools we publish in academic venues in production settings. Further, I offer concrete steps for doing that, drawing on insights gleaned from other translational fields. Closing the “Ethical AI Publication‐to‐Practice gap” will be a considerable transdisciplinary challenge, but one of the AI research community has the unique expertise, political leverage, and moral responsibility to tackle.
A Honeycomb‐Like Porous Crystalline Hetero‐Electrocatalyst for Efficient Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Yang Yi‐Lu , Wang Yi‐Rong , Dong Long‐Zhang , Li Qi , Zhang Lei , Zhou Jie , Sun Sheng‐Nan , Ding Hui‐Min , Chen Yifa , Li Shun‐Li , Lan Ya‐Qian
Published: September 2022

Porous heterostructured electrocatalysts with multifunctionality and synergistic effect have much benefit for efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), yet it still remains a daunting challenge to explore heterostructures based on covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in this field. Here, a series of honeycomb‐like porous crystalline hetero‐electrocatalysts (MCH‐X, X = 1–4, X stands for the numbered sample obtained from different MOF doses in the synthesis of the MCH) are synthesized, and these are successfully applied in electrocatalytic CO2RR. The specially designed heterostructures with integrated porous MOF‐template and ultrathin COF‐coating enable efficient CO2 adsorption/activation and conversion into CH4. The best of them, MCH‐3, shows greatly inhibited H2 evolution, excellent current density (−398.1 mA cm−2), and superior (76.7%) to the physical mixture (38.0%), the MOF@COF without the honeycomb‐like morphology (47.7%), and the bare COF (37.5%) and MOF (15.9%) at −1.0 V. Based on the density functional theory calculations and various characterizations, the vital roles of the MOF in facilitating CO2 adsorption/activation, stabilizing intermediates, and conquering the energy barrier of rate‐determining step are intensively studied.
Silky dogwood (Swida amomum) seed dispersal by freshwater turtles
Authors: Padgett Donald J. , Gouthro Alexis , Adams Michelle , Surasinghe Thilina D.
Published: September 2022

Premise

Effective seed dispersal is essential to the success of plant species. Swida amomum (silky dogwood) has a seed‐dispersal syndrome characteristic of autumn‐ripening shrubs with fleshy fruits; attached fruits are ingested and defecated by birds, while fallen fruits are consumed by ground‐foraging birds and mammals.

Methods

We documented that fallen fruits of this shrub were consumed by two aquatic turtle species (eastern painted turtle [Chrysemys picta] and red‐eared slider [Trachemys scripta]) and that their seeds were defecated. We compared germination success (percentage of seeds germinated) of defecated seeds, seeds collected from a pond surface, and seeds removed from shrubs.

Results

While four seed species were identified in fecal samples, seeds of S. amomum were the most frequent (93%) among samples and the most numerous (106 seeds) in any sample. Average proportion of fecal seeds germinated (85.99%) exceeded that of seeds from the pond surface (82.76%) and from shrubs (60.24%), albeit the difference in germination success was insignificant. When analyzed using fecal samples from painted turtles only, the difference in germination success between fecal seeds and those collected from pond or shrub became significant.

Conclusions

Our findings represent the first report of S. amomum seeds being dispersed by turtle gut passage and suggest aquatic turtles could be an important part of a secondary seed dispersal process influencing woody plant community composition in temperate wetland ecosystems.
Locations of seed abortion in response to defoliation differ with pollen source in a native perennial legume herb
Authors: Cardel Yuria J. , Koptur Suzanne
Published: September 2022

Premise

In many flowering plants, flowers contain more ovules than fruits have seeds. What determines which ovules become seeds? When photosynthates are limited, as may happen when plants lose leaf area to herbivory, fewer fertilized ovules become seeds.

Methods

Greenhouse‐grown ramets of distinct individuals of a perennial herbaceous legume were manually defoliated to various levels determined in the field, then self‐ or cross‐pollinated. For each seed produced, we recorded its position in the fruit and its mass. From a subset of seeds from different treatments and positions in the fruits, we grew seedlings and measured their dry mass.

Results

Ovules were aborted more frequently in fruits from flowers that were self‐pollinated and from those on plants with higher levels of defoliation. Ovules in the basal portion of the fruits were more likely to be aborted than those at the stigmatic end; this pattern was most pronounced for fruits after self‐pollination with high levels of defoliation. Total number of seeds produced and seed mass per pod were greatest in cross‐pollinated fruits after no or low levels of defoliation. Mean individual seed mass was greater for fruits with fewer seeds, indicating a trade‐off between seed number and seed mass. Seedling dry mass (a measure of vigor) was greatest for seeds in the middle positions of fruit produced by cross‐pollination after severe herbivory; no positional differences were seen for seeds from self‐pollinated fruits.

Conclusions

Observed locations of seed abortion may have been selected not only by defoliation, but in part by propensity for dispersal, while positional differences in seedling vigor may be related to seed size and differential maternal allocation based on pollination treatment and leaf area lost.
Heterozygous Seryl‐tRNA Synthetase 1 Variants Cause Charcot–Marie–Tooth Disease
Authors: He Jin , Liu Xiao‐Xuan , Ma Ming‐Ming , Lin Jing‐Jing , Fu Jun , Chen Yi‐Kun , Xu Guo‐Rong , Xu Liu‐Qing , Fu Zhi‐Fei , Xu Dan , Chen Wen‐Feng , Cao Chun‐Yan , Shi Yan , Zeng Yi‐Heng , Zhang Jing , Chen Xiao‐Chun , Zhang Ru‐Xu , Wang Ning , Kennerson Marina , Fan Dong‐Sheng , Chen Wan‐Jin
Published: September 2022

Objective

Despite the increasing number of genes associated with Charcot–Marie‐Tooth (CMT) disease, many patients currently still lack appropriate genetic diagnosis for this disease. Autosomal dominant mutations in aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases (ARSs) have been implicated in CMT. Here, we describe causal missense mutations in the gene encoding seryl‐tRNA synthetase 1 (SerRS) for 3 families affected with CMT.

Methods

Whole‐exome sequencing was performed in 16 patients and 14 unaffected members of 3 unrelated families. The functional impact of the genetic variants identified was investigated using bioinformatic prediction tools and confirmed using cellular and biochemical assays.

Results

Combined linkage analysis for the 3 families revealed significant linkage (Zmax LOD = 6.9) between the genomic co‐ordinates on chromosome 1: 108681600–110300504. Within the linkage region, heterozygous SerRS missense variants segregated with the clinical phenotype in the 3 families. The mutant SerRS proteins exhibited reduced aminoacylation activity and abnormal SerRS dimerization, which suggests the impairment of total protein synthesis and induction of eIF2α phosphorylation.

Interpretation

Our findings suggest the heterozygous SerRS variants identified represent a novel cause for autosomal dominant CMT. Mutant SerRS proteins are known to impact various molecular and cellular functions. Our findings provide significant advances on the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with ARS‐related CMT. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:244–256
MOGandAQP4Antibodies among Children with Multiple Sclerosis and Controls
Authors: Gaudioso Cristina M. , Mar Soe , Casper T. Charles , Codden Rachel , Nguyen Adam , Aaen Gregory , Benson Leslie , Chitnis Tanuja , Francisco Carla , Gorman Mark P. , Goyal Manu S. , Graves Jennifer , Greenberg Benjamin M , Hart Janace , Krupp Lauren , Lotze Timothy , Narula Sona , Pittock Sean J. , Rensel Mary , Rodriguez Moses , Rose John , Schreiner Teri , Tillema Jan‐Mendelt , Waldman Amy , Weinstock‐Guttman Bianca , Wheeler Yolanda , Waubant Emmanuelle , Flanagan Eoin P. ,   United States Network of Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centers
Published: September 2022

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)‐IgG and aquaporin‐4 (AQP4)‐IgG among patients with pediatric‐onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) and healthy controls, to determine whether seropositive cases fulfilled their respective diagnostic criteria, to compare characteristics and outcomes in children with POMS versus MOG‐IgG‐associated disease (MOGAD), and identify clinical features associated with final diagnosis.

Methods

Patients with POMS and healthy controls were enrolled at 14 US sites through a prospective case–control study on POMS risk factors. Serum AQP4‐IgG and MOG‐IgG were assessed using live cell‐based assays.

Results

AQP4‐IgG was negative among all 1,196 participants, 493 with POMS and 703 healthy controls. MOG‐IgG was positive in 30 of 493 cases (6%) and zero controls. Twenty‐five of 30 patients positive with MOG‐IgG (83%) had MOGAD, whereas 5 of 30 (17%) maintained a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) on re‐review of records. MOGAD cases were more commonly in female patients (21/25 [84%] vs 301/468 [64%];p = 0.044), younger age (mean = 8.2 ± 4.2 vs 14.7 ± 2.6 years;p < 0.001), more commonly had initial optic nerve symptoms (16/25 [64%] vs 129/391 [33%];p = 0.002), or acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM; 8/25 [32%] vs 9/468 [2%];p < 0.001), and less commonly had initial spinal cord symptoms (3/20 [15%] vs 194/381 [51%];p = 0.002), serum Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) positivity (11/25 [44%] vs 445/468 [95%];p < 0.001), or cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands (5/25 [20%] vs 243/352 [69%];p < 0.001).

Interpretation

MOG‐IgG and AQP4‐IgG were not identified among healthy controls confirming their high specificity for pediatric central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating disease. Five percent of those with prior POMS diagnoses ultimately had MOGAD; and none had AQP4‐IgG positivity. Clinical features associated with a final diagnosis of MOGAD in those with suspected MS included initial ADEM phenotype, younger age at disease onset, and lack of EBV exposure. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:271–284
Molecular distillation of copaiba oleoresin—A clean process for diterpenes enrichment
Authors: Galúcio Cleyson de Souza , Benites Cibelem Iribarrem , Rodrigues Rodney Alexandre Ferreira , Bahú Juliana Otavia , Khouri Nadia Gagliardi , Concha Viktor Oswaldo Cárdenas , Filho Rubens Maciel , Maciel Maria Regina Wolf
Published: September 2022

Copaiba oleoresin has sesquiterpenes and diterpenes with significant medicinal properties, including being antimicrobial, antiparasitic, and wound healing, among others. Thus, the objective of this work was to study the diterpene enrichment of the copaiba oleoresin from Copaifera officinalis via molecular distillation. Evaporator temperature (EVT) and feed flow rate (Q) were evaluated using an experimental design (22 with central point) considering the ratio of distillate and residue streams (DTR) as the response to optimize the residue recovery. EVT and Q were the main effects for diterpenes recovery, with the best experimental condition at 100°C (EVT) and 15 ml/min (Q) under 0.001 mbar, of which the residue stream had a diterpenes content of 99.25%. With the molecular distillation process, it was possible to add value to the copaiba streams, separating and purifying diterpenes with applicability in the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries since no solvent is used in this process (clean).
Verifying the calculation approach for radial suspension force based on the airgap flux density for SPM, consequent‐pole, and bearingless AC homopolar motors
Authors: Noguchi Takahiro , Sugimoto Hiroya , Fujii Yusuke , Chiba Akira
Published: September 2022

In this paper, a calculation method is proposed for the radial suspension force of a bearingless motor with a surface‐mounted permanent magnet (SPM) rotor, a consequent‐pole permanent magnet (CPM) rotor, and a homopolar permanent rotor (HPM). The radial suspension forces are calculated mathematically and analytically using the airgap flux density. It was confirmed that the proposed radial force equations are practical to calculate the suspension force based on the airgap flux density. The CPM bearingless motor and bearingless AC HPM have salient pole rotors that interact with the 2‐pole Magnetomotive force (MMF) to generate 6‐ and 10‐pole components. As a result, the radial suspension force of the CPM bearingless motor is generated by 8‐ and 6‐pole, and 8‐ and 10‐pole magnetic flux, whereas the bearingless AC HPM produces the radial suspension force by DC and 2‐pole components. The shaft torque, the suspension force, and efficiency were also compared for SPM, CPM bearingless motors, and bearingless AC HPM. Consequently, the torque value of the CPM bearingless motor is quite close to SPM bearingless motor. Moreover, the suspension force of the CPM bearingless motor is quite close to bearingless AC HPM.
A novel method for removing NOx from simulated marine exhaust gas in wet absorption system using Na2SO3/THS composite solution
Authors: Liu Gang , Han Zhitao , Li Jiawei , Wang Zhen , Cheng Shaosi , Liu Yubin , Yu Jing , Pan Xinxiang
Published: September 2022

Since it is difficult to deal with high‐concentration nitrates in scrubbed wastewater onboard vessels, the application of traditional wet denitration technology is limited to some extent. Here a novel method for removing pre‐oxidized NOx by using Na2SO3/THS composite solution is proposed with the aim to obtain high NOx absorption efficiency and low nitrate concentration in scrubbed wastewater simultaneously. The effects of Na2SO3 concentration, THS concentration, NOx oxidation degree, coexistence of SO2 and O2 in flue gas, initial pH value and temperature of absorption solution on denitration performance were discussed in detail. The results showed Na2SO3 could reduce NOx to nitrate, nitrite, and N2. The addition of THS could promote NOx absorption greatly by forming complexes with SO32−. When initial NOx concentration was 1000 ppm with a NOx oxidation degree of 50%, O2 concentration was 8%, Na2SO3 and THS concentrations were 25 and 20 mmol/L, a NOx absorption efficiency of 87% could be achieved, while nitrate and nitrite concentrations were 32.97 and 14.19 mg/L, respectively.
Feasibility, acceptability and potential efficacy of a virtual physical activity program in primary and secondary schools in New South Wales, Australia: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Elliott Kayla , Norman Jennifer , Wardle Karen , Budgen Pip , Callahan Hayley , Camilleri Michelle , Romeo Alannah , Trinh Katie , Okely Anthony , Kariippanon Katharina E.
Published: September 2022

Issue Addressed

Child and youth participation in physical activity (PA) is fundamental for healthy development and obesity prevention. Government policy requires schools to offer 150 minutes of PA each week, however compliance is low. Race around Australia (RAA) is a New South Wales (NSW) Department of Education, virtual PA program aimed at assisting schools in meeting the PA guidelines.

Methods

A pre‐ and post‐intervention, quasi‐experimental study was conducted using a mixed‐methods approach comprising teacher interviews, a student questionnaire and a 1.6 kilometre (km) timed run. Data were collected from April to September 2021 among students and teachers in Grades 5 to 8, from 10 schools in NSW, Australia.

Results

The analytical sample included data from 918 students and 17 teachers. The RAA program was deemed feasible and acceptable in primary schools, whereas there were several systemic and intrapersonal barriers to implementation success for secondary schools. In primary schools, RAA increased PA opportunities and the 1.6 km timed runs revealed a statistically significant treatment by time effect in favour of the intervention group for cardiorespiratory fitness (−36.91 seconds, 95% CI [−63.14, −10.68], P = .006).

Conclusions

RAA has demonstrated feasibility and potential efficacy in improving cardiorespiratory fitness. We recommend that program refinement be made to deliver an intervention that addresses the unique barriers of the secondary school setting through a multi‐level ecological approach.

So What?

Despite evident benefits, implementation of PA initiatives in the school setting reveals many challenges. Stronger consideration of the Health Promotion with Schools Framework is evidently needed.
An assessment of publishing practices and barriers faced by medical students to conduct research: A cross‐sectional study from Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Shoaib , Ahmad Shkaib , Ahmad Unaiza , Cheema Huzaifa Ahmad , Iqbal Nida , Shahid Abia , Malik Badar , Siddiqui Amna , Jaffar Huda , Ghani Usman , Sarfraz Waqar , Shelar Vrushali , Rahir Ufaq , Zubair Maryam , Ali Nazia Nikhat , Safdar Sifwa , Essar Mohammad Yasir , Abadeen Zain Ul
Published: September 2022

Background

Pakistan being a low‐ and middle‐income country, its institutes are substantially deficient in scientific and technological aspects and share limited research contributions to the world repositories. Therefore, there is a rising concern to reflect on the history and status of publishing attitudes among medical students in Pakistan and to highlight and address the barriers that they are facing.

Methods

A study was conducted aiming to determine the experience, motivation, and attitude of medical students in regarding publishing practices throughout Pakistan in several medical colleges. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to find the independent predictors of students publishing a research article. Forward selection was used to arrive at the final stepwise logistic regression. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. p < 0.05 was considered significant for all statistical tests.

Results

From a sample size of 1225 participants, only 6.6% of students had published an article in our study. Of these, 59% were males and 31.3% were in final year. Males were more likely to publish articles than females (OR = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.37–5.26) and final‐year students were more likely to publish articles than first‐year students (OR = 7.48, 95% CI: 1.34–41.81). Students that had the knowledge that performing research is the way through which they will be judged for jobs had significantly higher odds of getting an article published (OR = 16.21, 95% CI: 3.65–71.88). Additionally, students who had been taught how to write a paper and those who knew the process of submitting an article were more likely to get published than the others.

Conclusion

Our study has successfully highlighted the status of publishing among medical students in Pakistan. Our findings serve as an eye opener and call to action for authorities to address the grievances of students in terms of barriers, lack of mentorship, and lack of research teaching. We hope our findings can guide a strong policy change to facilitate the next generation of passionate researchers.
Model‐Based Systems Engineering Simulation Framework for Robot Grasping
Authors: Sekar Praveen Kumar Menaka , Baras John S.
Published: September 2022

Constant rise in industrial usage of robots for commercial applications has led to the need for rapid, efficient, and reliable robotic system development processes. The idea of collaborative modeling and simulation provides different views to the stakeholders, enhancing the decision‐making process towards design, development, and deployment. This paper 1) applies Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) principles to a robot grasping system performing a simple pick and place task, 2) integrates Cameo Systems Modeler (CSM), CoppeliaSim robot simulator, and Gurobi Optimizer to facilitate and accelerate the system design process, and 3) describes a simulation‐based Verification & Validation (V&V) framework and performs design space exploration. This is an effort to integrate tools to reduce the burden on system design, integration, and deployment of dexterous grasping and manipulation systems.