bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Digital Management in Activating Administrative Communication among Female Administrators in Secondary Schools in Hail City: دور الإدارة الرقمية في تفعيل الاتصال الإداري لدى الإداريات في المرحلة الثانوية بمدينة حائل
Authors: Modi Meshrif Sber Albaqawi
Published: May 2021

The study aimed at identifying the role of digital management in activating administrative communication among female administrators in secondary schools in Hail City from the female administrators' perspective, and identifying the obstacles of applying digital management in the administrative communication process in the secondary schools of Hail City from the female administrators' perspective. It also aimed at revealing significant statistical differences which are due to the variables of (Qualifications, years of service, technology related training courses received). The study used the survey descriptive method, and the questionnaire as data collecting tool. It was applied to a study sample of (244) female administrators in the general secondary schools in Hail City. The study used the The study has reached the following results: - The role of digital management in activating administrative communication among female administrators has come with a general average of (2.76/4) (medium). - The obstacles of applying digital management in the administrative communication process in the secondary schools from the female administrators' perspective has come with a general average of (3.59/4) (high). - There were statistically significant differences at function level (α≤0.05) according to the variable of qualifications in favor of those who have received Bachelor degree or Diploma, and according to the variable of number of technology related training courses received in favor of those who have received two courses or more contra those who did not receive any training. There were no statistically significant differences according to the variable of years of experience. In light of the results, the study has reached number of recommendations as following: - Provision of evidences and instructions required to explain the mechanism of handling new programs; - Spreading the concept of digital management; - Attracting distinctive human competencies in the digital management field; - Holding training courses in order to raise female administrators’ efficiency.
Attitudes of mathematics teachers at the secondary stage in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia towards teaching in light of the skills of the eleventh century: اتجاهات معلمي الرياضيات بالمرحلة الثانوية على مستوى محافظة الأحساء نحو التدريس في ضوء مهارات القرن الحادي والعشرين
Authors: Abdulmoniem Ali Al-Abdullah
Published: May 2021

The aim of the research was to explore the attitudes of mathematics teachers at the secondary stage of teaching in light of the skills of the twenty-first century, and the descriptive survey method was used. A questionnaire of “twenty-first century skills for mathematics teachers” was prepared that consisted of (22) items that were applied to a sample of (60) Male and female teachers, from different regions of the Kingdom, and the results showed that the teaching performance obtained a general average (4.0 out of 5.0), with a degree of importance (very important), and at the level of learning models, the "self-organization" model obtained the highest average (4.22), followed by a model. Collaborative work with an average of (4.20), followed by the model of “using technology in education” with an average of (4.18), followed by the two models “problem-solving and innovation in the real world and methods of skillfully presenting and communicating” with an average of (4.14), and finally the “building knowledge” model With an average of (3.11), and based on the results, the researcher presented a number of recommendations and proposals to develop the teaching performance of mathematics teachers at the secondary level in light of the skills of the twenty-first century.
The degree of transformational leadership practice among university academic leaders at the University of Jordan from the viewpoint of faculty members: درجة ممارسة القيادة التحويلية لدى القيادات الأكاديمية الجامعية في الجامعة الأردنية من وجهة نظر أعضاء هيئة التدريس
Authors: Jamal Mohammed Al-Araimi
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to reveal the degree of transformational leadership practice among university academic leaders at the University of Jordan from the viewpoint of faculty members, and to achieve the goal of the study, the researcher used the descriptive approach, and the tool was represented in a questionnaire distributed to a random sample of (370) faculty members, Where the study population consisted of all faculty members at the University of Jordan, who numbered (1480), the results showed that the total degree of transformational leadership practice at the University of Jordan was obtained from the viewpoint of faculty members at a general average of (2.35) and a large degree, and at the level of axes, a focus has occurred the influence For the ideal (charisma) at the highest average (2.46), followed by the axis of inspirational motivation with an average of (2.37), then the axis of individual considerations with an average of (2.33), and finally the axis of intellectual arousal with an average of (2.21), in addition to that no significant differences emerged in the degree of The practice of transformational leadership is attributed to the variable (gender, and the college), while there are statistically significant differences attributed to the variable of experience and came in favor of the category (10 years or more), and in light of the results a number of recommendations and proposals were presented and the most important of which was the training of university academic leaders on modern administrative methods.
Legal safeguards for juvenile accused at trial stage: الضمانات القانونية للمتهم الحدث في مرحلة المحاكمة
Authors: Maha Saad Said Al-shahrani
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to analyze and compare the legal guarantees of the juvenile accused in the trial stage under both the Saudi regime and the Convention on the Rights of the Child. On the analytical and comparative approach, through the analysis of criminal legal texts dealing with the organization of legal safeguards for the juvenile accused at the trial stage until we find out their adequacy and inadequacy and their effectiveness in achieving a fair trial for juveniles, and compare them with the Convention on the Rights of the Child to address deficiencies and deficiencies, if any, and rectify them. This study culminates in a number of results, the most important of which are: The conviction of the juvenile should not be considered a priority, because it is unfair to load the juvenile mistakes in his juvenile period, in addition to this may affect the future of the event, and make him an adult deviant. The study also reached a number of recommendations, the most important of which are the following: Using the technical means in the social observation house and the girls' welfare institution when conducting the trial with juveniles, because of its importance in the event feeling of peace and comfort Consequences of being in a room isolated from the atmosphere of the trial.
The Effectiveness of Graphic Organizer Strategy to Improve Grammatical Knowledge Among the 1st Intermediate Students of Al-Imam Abdulaziz Bin Mohammad School
Authors: Mohammed Haydar Alsuhaymi
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of using Graphic Organizer strategy to improve grammatical knowledge for 1st intermediate students at Al-Imam Abdulaziz bin Mohammad School. Forty students from two classes participated in this study. Each class consists of 20 students. Students belonging to class A who represent the control group were taught using grammer translation way while those belonging to class B who represent the Quasi- experimental group were taught by using Graphic Organizer Strategy. Pre and post test were distributed to the Quise- experimental group and control group. The results of this study indicated that using Graphic Organizer strategy in teaching grammar improved students' proficiency in learning English grammar. As a result, the researcher suggests to apply the graphic organizer strategy on others stages such as secondary in order to investigate further results. The researcher also advises to generalize the using of graphic organizer to include others' skills such as vocabulary.
Measuring the quality of working life in the Ministry of Civil Service in Saudi Arabia: قياس مستوى جودة حياة العمل في وزارة الخدمة المدنية بالمملكة العربية السعودية
Authors: Mouna Bint Jazza AlMutairi - Haifa Bint Mansour AlDakhil
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to identify the reality of the quality of work life in the Ministry of Civil Service from its staff viewpoint. The study relied on a descriptive survey method and used the questionnaire as a tool for the study، which contained six dimensions to measure the level of quality of work life. These dimensions are moral work environment conditions، job characteristics، wages and bonuses، working groups، supervision method، and the level of participation. The study society and sample consists of the Ministry of Civil Service in Riyadh staff of total (900) male and female employees. The questionnaires returned from the sample were 257 questionnaires. After a statistical analysis of the data using the statistical program SPSS، the study found a set of results. The most important result was that the quality of work life، from the viewpoint of staff، is considered moderate. In light of that، this study came out with a set of recommendations، including: the need to promote the concept of quality of work life in the work environment within the Ministry of civil Service، and increased staff opportunities to participate in decision-making، and the development of leadership skills for leadership of the heads of departments and managers in the ministry، and taking care of both the financial and moral incentives in addition to increasing training programs and scholarships of the Ministry of civil Service.
Community participation Requirements and constraints from the perspectives of schools Headmistress and Teachers at Al-Khormah Governorate: متطلبات الشراكة المجتمعية ومعوقاتها من وجهة نظر المديرات والمعلمات بالمدارس الثانوية بمحافظة الخرمة وتوابعها
Authors: Nourah mohammad hamood ALsubaie   ,     Faigah Abbas Sunbl
Published: May 2021

This study aimed at defining the community participation Requirements in secondary schools from the perspectives of headmistress and teachers. Identify community participation obstacles within secondary schools from the perspectives of headmistress and teachers. Identify the statistically significance differences at (α ≤ 0.05) at community participation Requirements and constraints from the perspectives of schools' headmistress and teachers on the variables of (job, academic qualification, years of experience and volunteer work). Population of the Study is consisted of all headmistress at Al-Khormah, whose number (10) headmistresses and (140) teachers year 1434/1435 h. To achieve the objectives of the study, the study used the analytical descriptive method by applying a questionnaire consisting of (25) paragraphs in two domains. The results of the study showed that community participation Requirements in secondary schools from the perspectives of headmistress and teachers at Al-Khormah governorate was (very high). The community participation practicing obstacles in secondary schools from the perspectives of headmistress and teachers at Al-Khormah governorate was (very high) difficulty.There are no statistically significance differences at (α ≤ 0.05) at community participation Requirements and constraints from the perspectives of headmistresses and teachers in secondary schools at Al-Khormah governorate in accordance with the variables of (job, academic qualification, years of experience and volunteer work).
Effective of Reading Pictures Entrance in Development of Reading Understanding & Live Activities through Arabic language course (Lughti Al-Jamila) for Primary Sixth Female Students: فاعلية مدخل قراءة الصورة في تنمية الفهم القرائي والمهارات الحياتية في مادة لغتي الجميلة لتلميذات الصف السادس الابتدائي
Authors: Najmah Abdulmoen Alabdali
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to know the effectiveness of the image- reading approach in developing reading comprehension and life skills in Arabic language course (lughti aljamila) for sixth- grade primary students in the Al- Baha region in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The researcher used quasi- experimental approach to achieve the goal of the study, and to find out the effect of the experimental factor (the effectiveness of the image reading approach) on (developing reading comprehension and life skills) on the experimental group. The study tool has been prepared and represented in the achievement test, where the students were divided into two groups, the experimental group, which will be applied to the study, composed of (37) students, and the control group consisted of (37) students. The study's result showed the following: 1) The study reached (23) reading comprehension skills needed for sixth graders in a course in my Arabic language in Al Baha schools (Al Baha city), it was included in five main areas, namely; (Literacy comprehension skills, literal deduction skills, critical comprehension skills, taste comprehension skills, creative comprehension skills), in addition to the study reaching (10) life skills required for sixth graders in the Arabic language subject in Al Baha region schools. The results of the statistical analysis showed that there are statistically significant differences between the mean scores of female students in the experimental and controlling groups in reading comprehension skills and dimensional life skills in favor of the experimental group, which means that employing the entrance to the images takes a clear effectiveness in the female students' teaching. The study recommended the following: asking specialists in curriculum planning in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to reconsider forming education activities, and work to balance reading comprehension skills and life skills in all areas in a balanced manner and according to a specific methodology.
Attitudes of outstanding students towards non-grade activities in Mafraq Governorate: اتجاهات الطلاب المتفوقين دراسياً نحو الأنشطة غير الصفية في محافظة المفرق
Authors: Nayef Mohammad Alkhawaldeh
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study is to identify the attitudes of students towards non classroom activities in the schools affiliated to the Directorate of Education of Qasbet Al-Mafraq and to identify their attitudes towards each of the non-class activities (cultural, sports and Art), In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive approach was used. The study population consisted of all outstanding students in the schools affiliated to the Department of Education and Education of the Al-Mafraq Brigade for the academic year 2018/2019. The study sample consisted of 173 of the 9th and 10th grade students (58% 9th grade, 42% 10th grade) the average account for students’ age was (15.4) and the standard deviation was (.05).The questionnaire was used as a tool for study after ascertaining its degree of sincerity and persistence, The results of the study showed positive trends towards the fields of activities The highest statistical significant activity was art and there weren't statistically significant differences between the attitudes of the students who were superior to the non-classroom activities due to grade variable (ninth and tenth grades),It has been recommended the following: doing more field research around this topic about non-class activities because there are some variables the study did not deal with them. Also we should reinforce the trends towards non- class activities through holding training courses, workshops and special seminar. Planning for a whole program around the topic of non-class activities and cooperate with parents, enhancing the school environment and offering the needed equipment.
The reality of listening skills among students of the Faculty of Education, King Saud University
Authors: Rasha Abdul Latif Kurdi -Noura Salman Al-Khalidi -Mai Abdull
Published: May 2021

The objective of the study is to identify the reality of listening skills during the lecture and the scientific dialogue among female students of the Faculty of Education at King Saud University. The researchers used the descriptive survey approach. The tool of the study is the questionnaire and was distributed to 130 female students from the College of Education at King Saud University in the second semester of 1436. The study population was 1966 female students in the Faculty of Education by (6,6%). The results of the study showed that the reality of listening skill among female students of the College of Education at King Saud University during the lecture is mostly acceptable and needs more development and attention. The reality of listening skills among female students of the College of Education at King Saud University in scientific dialogue. Among the recommendations of the study is the importance of teaching courses on listening to the stage of university education, paying attention to the evaluation of listening skills of female students of the College of Education at King Saud University.
Differentiated Instruction between Theories of: Multiple Intelligences and Learning Styles: التدريس المتمايز بين نظريتي: الذكاءات المتعددة وأنماط التعلم
Authors: Mohammed Abdullah Alnasser
Published: May 2021

This present study aims to suggest visualization for Differentiated Instruction Based on Theoretical and Analytic Methodology. The researcher review two distinguished theories: Multiple Intelligences and Learning Styles, And Investigating the aspects of similarities and differences of these two theories, and reviewing studies which investigate the two theories together, then suggest visualization for Implementing Differentiated Instruction by Integrating Method Including these two theories.
A Psycholinguistic Study of Psychopathic Offenders’ Speech: دراسة لغوية نفسية عن كلام المختلين النفسيين
Authors: Nareeman Jabbar Rasheed
Published: May 2021

The present study aims at studying the psychopathic speech of offenders and analyzing their behavior by using psycholinguistics. The following study involved a psycholinguistic analysis of psychopathic offenders’ speech. The research design was chosen to be descriptive and involved an observation of three offenders based on interviews done with them on YouTube. The descriptive model to be followed in analyzing the psychopathic offenders personality features is that of Hare (2003), and Hare et al's (1988).The first finding was that psychopaths were more likely than their counterparts to use explanatory and causally framed language concerning their criminal actions, with a relatively high level of subordinating conjunctions, indicating more cause and effect statements. This pattern suggested that psychopaths were more likely to have viewed the crime as a logical outcome of a plan (something that ‘had’ to be done to achieve a goal), their violence is indeed more instrumental and goal driven than that of other offenders. Secondly, we found that psychopaths used approximately twice as many words related to basic physiological and self-preservation needs, including eating, drinking, and money when describing their violence. This pattern is consistent with conceptualizations of psychopaths as being focused on a lower level of necessities, hierarchy of needs or in an earlier stage of ego development. Psychopaths generally lack the capacity for bonds and, presumably, the capacity for religious experience or spiritual enlightenment. As such, they continue to describe the crime in a cool, detached manner and in terms of the basic physiological needs they met at the time.
The impact of internal migration to Khartoum state on the demand of Education and Health services (1992- 2008): أثر الهجرة الداخلية في الطلب على خدمتي الصحة والتعليم في ولاية الخرطوم (1992- 2008)
Authors: Nagla Osman Abdelfarag
Published: May 2021

The research aimed to study the effect of internal migration to Khartoum on the demand on health and education services. The historical، analytical، and descriptive approaches were followed. The results showed that there are main causes of migration such as attending university education and having access to good health services. The number of basic level students rises to 1.5%، the schools increase at12.8%، 3.6% consequently between 2006- 2005، 2007- 2006، while the teachers number reaches 13.2%. Hospitals، centers، primary health units، blood banks and radiology units increase to 5.1%، 2.7%، 11.6%، 19%، 5.7% in 2005 comparing with 2004. The research has recommended encouraging investment in the pushing areas so as to create jobs opportunities and encouraging the private sectors. Another recommendation is to establish at least one governmental university in each administrative area and encourage establishing private universities and colleges so as to minimize migration for university education. It is also، recommended to improve the health services in the pushing areas to minimize the rate of migration to Khartoum.
The Impact of the WebQuest Strategy in Developing Visual Thinking in the Mathematics Course of Middle School Students in Riyadh City
Authors: Noura bint Shabib Ben Shaya Abogaleb
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to identify the impact of flight cognitive strategy across the web in the development of visual thinking in the second grade students average material mathematics in the city of Riyadh, and to achieve the objectives of the study researcher used the experimental similarities The design of the two groups Almtkavitin, and has designed an educational site that includes classes for engineering unit and inference spatial, Of the mathematics course for the second intermediate grade, the first semester of the academic year 1435/1436 H, designed according to the Quest web strategy. The study tools were composed of a visual thinking test prepared by the researcher. The study was applied to a sample of 40 second grade students who were randomly selected and distributed equally to the experimental and control groups. The study found the following results: statistically significant at the significance level (0.01 = α) between the mean scores of second grade students average of two experimental and control, in the visual thinking as a whole skills; where the average experimental (17.15), while the average control was (8.50), for the experimental group attributed to the independent variable . In light of the findings the researcher presented a series of recommendations, most notably: provide engineering unit content and reasoning of spatial in mathematics course the second grade average strategy trips knowledge across the web, which the study showed Vaalatha.otdreb parameters on the design of the Web Quest programs and activated in their operations Altdiricih.oatra engineering content And spatial reasoning in the mathematics course with visual thinking skills.
Attitudes of teachers and supervisors towards teaching prosody (Arūḍ) and rhyme within the Arabic language courses at the secondary level in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: اتجاهات المعلمين والمشرفين نحو تدريس العروض والقافية ضمن مقررات اللغة العربية بالمرحلة الثانوية بالمملكة العربية السعودية
Authors: Wafaa Hafize Alowaydhi, Najla Marzuk Almutairi
Published: May 2021

The study addressed the issue of teaching the science of prosody (Arūḍ) and rhyme in the secondary level with the aim of deciding to include it in the Arabic language courses at the secondary level, and to achieve the goal of the study the researchers used the descriptive survey method and designed an electronic questionnaire for the questionnaire of the study community consisting of all teachers and supervisors of the Arabic language For the secondary level and specialists teaching it in universities in Saudi Arabia and reached the participants in the referendum (430) and then the opinions were treated statistically using percentages and limited the percentage of supporters to teach it and opponents and the reasons of each team, and the result appeared in favor of supporters by 64.4% , and from The most important reasons for support is the role of performances and rhyme in the Arabic language calendar, and being a way to refine the talents of those who have poetic tendencies and open them the doors of interaction with the masterpieces of Arabic poetry and inspiring poetic music, and the percentage of opponents was 36.6% and their reasons were that the prosody (Arūḍ) and rhyme sacrilege is a science to which those who wish to specialize in the literary field in the university field and who have poetic tendencies and should not be circulated to all students.
Transference Leadership For Heads Educational Management In AFIF Province And Its Relation With Job Satisfaction For Educational Supervisors
Authors: Shadia Bint Najib Al - Otaibi
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to:  - Identifying with the degree of The practice of heads educational management for type of transference leadership from the views of supervisors. - Acquaintance with the level of job satisfaction of educational supervisors in Afif Educational management. - Recognizing the statistical significance relation between the practice of heads educational management degrees' in Afif Educational management for the style of transference leadership and job satisfaction of educational Study Methodology: The researcher used the descriptive method (survey ) & descriptive method (Correlative) Study Population and Sample: The study population consists of all heads educational department and educational supervisor whether they are mails or females in Educational Management of AFIF. Study Tool: The researcher built tow questionnaires, the first questionnaire to measure using of the transference leadership and it consist of two parts one is personal information anther is phrases for measuring the practice of heads educational management degrees' in Afif Educational management from the points of view of educational supervisors , also it contain forth transference leadership diminutions( typical effective, mental- excitation, personal considerations, accusatory motivation) in (39) sentences. The second questionnaire to measure the level of educational supervisors' job satisfaction in (28) sentences. Moreover, the researcher used the fifth Grading scale to measure the responses of study sample. Study Results: the results of the study can firmed the following: - The overall average of total to the degree of transference leadership applying for Heads Department (4,10) , so this is the mean between fourth category which indicated to high degree. - The general average of the responses of the study sample at the axis of educational supervisors job satisfaction for in Educational management in AFIF that is mean (3,85 over 5) indicated to (high) degree of study tool. The results proved that there is connective, direct, strong relation & statistical function at (0,01) between the practice of heads educational management degrees' in Afif Educational management for the style of transference leadership and job satisfaction of educational. Also, the result show that connective the relation between general degree of the measure of transference leadership and general degree of the measure of job satisfaction is (0,56) , so it is positive direct relation. Study Recommendations: - Encouraging and training the Heads of educational management to be attention in knowing the weakness points about their work which is hinder the transference leadership practice. - Caring of training and qualifying staff who have primitive readiness for having transference leadership properties and characters. - Necessity of hold periodical specialist courses to create leaders and trine them about modern administrative styles that make job satisfaction for personnel.
The Impact of Common Problems between the Sectors of Industry and Capital and Ways of their Solutions in the Russian Federation: أثر المشاكل المُشتركة بين قِطاعات الصِناعة ورؤوس الأموال وطُرُق حُلولها في روسيا الإتحادية
Authors: Nemer Louay Badwan
Published: May 2021

This study summarizes the impact of common problems between capital and industry sectors and aims to find solutions to these problems to reduce them or to reduce them. It also clarifies the resemblance and comparison of technology to the sectors of industry and capital in Russian Russia. Russia's total over the previous years, and show what happened in the Russian financial market following the withdrawal of many capital and investors from within Russia to abroad, and also shows us this study also the rotational nature of capital in Russia, as this study shows some of its objectives as a most important explanation The capital and industry sectors, their success factors and competitiveness in their application. It also shows the impact of capital financing on industries, clarifying the role of capital finance in various investment projects and in different sectors of industry, and summarizes the scientific and practical concept of capital and industry sectors. And the process, and this can be seen through analytical, graphical and statistical tables within the Russian market in terms of products, profits and losses of the Russian industries by percentages, and the exposure of some Russian investments within Russia, As well as some of the dynamics of consumption within Russia in terms of expenditures, exports, imports and expenditures, and the structure of small and medium-sized enterprises in percentages in terms of production and consumption In the various sectors of Russian industry. The study also summarizes the role of the Russian financial market in the national economic activity and the ratios of fixed assets and the total amounts invested and taxes imposed on them. The study also examined the financial and industrial activities of most of the industrial sectors in Russia and their impact on the economic situation inside the country.
THE EXTENT OF BENEFIT DERIVED BY SPECIAL EDUCATION TEACHERS IN NATIONAL CENTERS IN RIYADH CITY FROM FINDINGS OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH AND STUDIES AND THE IMPEDIMENTS OF SUCH BENEFIT
Authors: Nourah Abdullah Al-Qahtani
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to recognize the benefit teachers of special education in national centers in the city of Riyadh may derive from findings of academic research and the impediments precluding such benefit in their viewpoints. To this aim, the study has employed the survey descriptive approach. A questionnaire was specifically designed; and applied on 117 members of the sample group, composed of special education teachers, in the city of Riyadh. Findings of the study revealed that the benefit derived by special education teachers from findings of academic research and studies have stood at an average of 2.80 out of 4.00 with verbal grade of ‘Intermediate’. Additionally, findings of the study uncovered a number of impediments that precluded such benefit with an average of 2.42 Out of 3.00 with verbal grade of ‘Intermediate’. At the level of paragraphs, the most significant impediments that precluded benefit of the teachers out of academic research and studies are as follows. Difficulties to employ findings of research and studies, irrelevancy to the issues related to education discipline, lack of motivation among teachers to refer to findings of academic research and studies during the teaching process, inadequate time to have access to such academic research and studies.
E-learning effectiveness in developing scientific research skills among high school students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: فاعلية التعليم الإلكتروني في تنمية مهارات البحث العلمي لدى طالبات المرحلة الثانوية بالمملكة العربية السعودية
Authors: Eman Amubarak A Alghamdi, Eman Mohamed Mabrouk Kotb
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to measure the effectiveness of e-learning in developing scientific research skills for high female school students in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the study relied on the semi-experimental Method in order to reveal the effectiveness of the independent variable (e-learning) on ​​the dependent variable which is (the development of scientific research skills), the study population consisted of secondary school students in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia in the academic year 1439 ah, in the second secondary class of the twenty-fourth secondary school for girls in Dammam, and the second secondary school for girls in Dammam, as the individuals of the sample were randomly chosen, and the number of female students for whom the study was applied was (72) female students, they were divided into two groups, one is experimental and the other is a control, and the experimental group consisted of (36) female students, using e-learning program, while the control group consisted of (36) female students, using traditional learning, the study tools have been built, which are: an achievement test, a note card, and ensuring the validity and reliability of the tools, The researcher reached through the study that there is a statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average scores of female students of the experimental group that use (e-learning) and the average score of female students of the control group that use (traditional learning) in the post-application of the achievement test and the observation card for scientific research skills in favor of the experimental group, The researcher recommended it through the study the need to take advantage of e-learning to teach various performance concepts and skills for high school female students.
The Leadership Styles of Schools Principals and Their Effect in the Organizational Commitment of Teachers: A field study on Kuwaiti Public Schools: الأنماط القيادية لدى مديري المدارس وأثرها على الالتزام التنظيمي للمعلمين: دراسة ميدانية على المدارس الحكومية الكويتية
Authors: Hanan Mohammed Alghadhouri
Published: May 2021

The current study aimed at identifying the Leadership Styles of Schools Principals and Their Effect in the Organizational Commitment of Teachers in Kuwait public schools. The researcher has applied the Relational Descriptive Approach because it suits the objectives of the current study, and the study tool consisted of a questionnaire fir data collection. The sample of the current study consisted of 383)) teachers from Kuwaiti public schools. The study found that the Leadership Styles of Schools Principals in Kuwaiti public schools were of medium-level, as they scored a mean of (3.62 out of 5.00.) At the level of the axis of styles, the democratic style has ranked first with a mean of 3.98)). The easy principal has ranked second with a mean of 3.70)), and these two styles were of a high level. The autocratic style has ranked third with a mean of 3.19) ) which is of medium level. The results of the study showed that the organizational commitment has scored a mean of (3.85 out of 5.00  )with a high level. The results showed that there was a statistically significant effect at the level of significance (α≤0.05) of the degree of the Leadership Styles of Schools Principals and Their Effect in the Organizational Commitment of Teachers which amounted 94.8%)), which means that it is (high and strong). The study recommended increasing the awareness of school principals about of Leadership Styles, and how to apply and exercise them within the educational institution.
Attitudes of Saudi young women to participate in and propose volunteer work programs in light of social and cultural obstacles: اتجاهات شابات السعودية للمشاركة في برامج العمل التطوعي واقتراحها في ظل وجود المعوقات الاجتماعية والثقافية
Authors: Miesam Fawzi Motir Al-azam
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to reveal the attitudes of youth in Saudi Arabia towards participating in volunteerism programs, the suggestion programs in their volunteerism and social and cultural barriers to their participation in volunteerism. The sample of the study consisted of (293) female students from Saudi universities who participants in voluntary programs and youth organizations, and the sample of the interview consisted of (20) individuals working in committees with youth in Saudi universities, The study adopted the descriptive approach to its suitability in achieving the objectives of the study. the questionnaire and interview were used to collect data. The results showed that the attitudes of youth Saudi women towards participating in volunteerism programs were high, and the proposed programs in the implementation of volunteerism among Saudi youth women were high, most notable participation in programs that solve social problems. The social and cultural barriers to youth Saudi women participation in volunteerism is high, most notably the pursuit of livelihood and the lack of time to volunteer. The results of the interview are indications that the main programs proposed in the implementation of volunteerism are social programs that deal with groups of society who are not involved in various activities within the Saudi society, especially the elderly or the unemployed. Whereas, the main obstacles to volunteer programs for young people in Saudi universities are the absence of activities and programs that attract youth concerns lack of diversity for different age groups of young participants. The study recommended was the need to encourage university youth to practice volunteerism through the allocation of a project to serve the community within the requirements of Saudi universities.
The degree of practice of the directors of education in the province of Irbid for strategic planning from the point of view of the heads of administrative and technical departments: درجة ممارسة مديري التربية والتعليم في محافظة اربد للتخطيط الاستراتيجي من وجهة نظر رؤساء الأقسام الإدارية والفنية
Authors: Ola Mahmoud Hamaydeh
Published: May 2021

This study aimed at defining the degree of practice of the Education directors of Irbid for the skills of strategic planning from the point of view of heads of administrative and technical departments, and to indicate the effect of variables: gender, experience and scientific qualification on the degree of practicing strategic planning among the directors of education. The sample of the study consisted of all members of the original study society, and they are the heads of the administrative and technical departments in the directorates of education in Irbid Governorate, which are (160) individuals for the academic year 2016/2017. To achieve the objectives of the study, the study used the descriptive method by applying a questionnaire consisting of (40) paragraphs distributed evenly on the five strategic planning areas. The results of the study showed that the managers of the education practice strategic planning skills in the performance of their work in the middle of the assessment, but they are interested in some The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences at the level of significance ( 0.05 0.05) between the average scores of the sample of the study sample attributed to the sex variables and the scientific qualification. However, there were statistically significant differences at the mean level ( 0.05 0.05) between mean Grades study sample attributed to a variable number of years of experience in the head of the department and for department heads experienced (11 years and over.
The Role of Kaizen's Strategy (Japanese Model) in Empowering Human Resources (Field study on female employees in the general administration of education in Jeddah): دور استراتيجية كايزن (الأنموذج الياباني) في تمكين الموارد البشرية (دراسة ميدانية على الموظفات في الإدارة العامة للتعليم بمحافظة جدة)
Authors: Ahood Tariq Mohammed Felmban, Raja Yahya Ahmed Alsharief
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to recognize the role of Kaizen strategy (Japanese Model) in the empowerment of human resources; a field study on female employees in the general administration of education in Jeddah. The descriptive and analytical method was used. The study population reached (494) female employee, where a simple random sample was taken. The researcher, in order to achieve the objectives of the study, designed a questionnaire containing (30) paragraphs as a tool for collecting data, which was distributed to (276) female employees. The number of questionnaires which are valid for analysis reached (234) questionnaire. The data were statistically processed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The study reached several results, the most important of which is: There is a statistically significant relationship between the Kaizen strategy and the empowerment of human resources at the level (α≤0.05). The results also showed the degree to which the majority of the sample of the female employees of the general administration of education in Jeddah met the basic concepts of the Kaizen strategy, with an approval rate of (71.2%). The degree of empowerment of human resources in the organization was with an approval rate of (59.7%). In addition, the opinion of the female employees was positive for the role that the implementation of the Kaizen strategy will play in empowering human resources in the organization, with approval rate of (82.9%). The most approved word is (Its Implementation will reduce the waste of operations, effort, time, errors and cost). The most important recommendations of the study: the need to spread the philosophy of Kaizen in governmental and private organizations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and adoption the philosophy of Kaizen in the organization as a modern management method helps to achieve services' quality and the development of performance on a continuous basis to obtain positive results, as well as working to empower workers by using modern methods of management, develop their skills to achieve the best levels of work and achievement, provide working environment that increases the positive interaction between employees and raise the level of job performance and quality of services and outputs.
Measuring the skills and psychological readiness of female teachers towards employing computers in the educational process in Riyadh: قياس استعداد المُعلِّمات المهاري والنفسي نحو توظيف الحاسب الآلي في العملِّية التعلِّيمية بمدينة الرياض
Authors: Alia Abdulaziz Al Amer Al-Qahtani
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to identify female teachers' skills readiness towards applying Computer Technology in Educational Process in Riyadh and their psychological readiness result from training and practice, and to highlight the most prominent difficulties which lead to reduce the level of applying computer for female teachers in educational process (quantitatively and qualitatively) and to provide proposals to increase its effectiveness. In order to achieve this goal, the researcher used the descriptive method. The study sample consisted of 243 female teachers of general education in Riyadh who was selected randomly. The most prominent results that the study sample was agreed with a high degree towards: (psychological readiness of female teachers to apply the computer in educational process, impact of applying computer in education on female teachers with an arithmetic mean (2,6 of 3) and (2.74 of 3) respectively. While they were agreed with a medium degree towards: (skills readiness of female teachers to apply computer in educational process, difficulties face female teachers to apply computer in education process) with an arithmetic mean (2,05 of 3) and (2,21 of 3) respectively. The most prominent programs which were applied are: display program and search engines. The study results indicated that there are statistically significant differences between the average responses of the study sample towards the psychological readiness of female teachers towards applying computer in the educational process, according to variable of training programs.
Effect of some economic indicators on external debt in Sudan from 2002-2017: أثر بعض المؤشرات الاقتصادية على الدين الخارجي في السودان للفترة 2002-2017
Authors: Gosay Mahgoub mohammedsalih Baba,  Abdulazim Suliman Almahal
Published: May 2021

aim to determine the type and tracks of the correlation between variables of deficit of government budget، current account deficit of the balance of payments، exchange rate، Gross Domestic Product(GDP) on the total external debt and clarify the impact of separation or independence of South Sudan in September 2011،also the financial crisis in 2008 on variables of paper، the hypotheses included a positive correlation & impact between the independents variables deficit variables in the general budget and the deficit in the current account of balance of payments، GDP on dependent variable external debt of Sudan as the inverse correlation & impact between the exchange rate with total external debt for the period 2006-2017،used historical approach to describe reasons and evolution of the external debt problem of Sudan causes، in addition، analytical descriptive method by correlation test between the independent variables and the dependent variable to determine the relationship type، also used multiple regression model in measuring and estimating the effect of independent variables on the dependent. The results outcome،the cumulative value of bilateral debt and high interest rates (contractual interest and delayed interest) significantly affect the accumulation of Sudan's total foreign debt،،maintain both the deficits in budget and in current account also GDP values a positive correlation of statistical significance and a degree of impact on Sudan's external debt، with Reverse correlation exchange rate، caused from Both of the world financial crisis and the independence of South Sudan in 2011 the، indirect impact on the external debt through its effect of increasing the value of the dollar with a decline of local currency and increasing the budget deficit and its impact on external debt، However، refers the weakness of impact in current account due to growth of gold exports in the period under study. Also the high ratio of bilateral debt owed to non-members of the Paris Club and its high interest rates it is complicated possibility of a solution through the HIPC and others initiatives، The necessary of structural reforms in economic policies by focusing on supporting national production elements as to overcome the obstacles of domestic investment and the abolition of taxes and customs on Alumni projects، microfinance projects، exporters projects as well as trying to follow a rational economic policy using foreign loans in the narrowest limits، and focus on loans on concessional terms،necessary to create an economic partnership between Sudan and creditors countries focus of largest proportion of debts، which is the official bilateral debt (non-members of the Paris Club)، to promote and facilitate the position of Sudan in negotiation of initiative of the HIPC or With regard of interest rate because it is largest and most significant obstruction in Sudan external debt.