bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolomics analysis and membrane damage measurement reveal the antibacterial mechanism of lipoic acid against Yersinia enterocolitica
Authors: Yang Siqi , Tian Lu , Wang Xuyang , Wu Mi , Liao Sichen , Fu Jiapeng , Xiong Wangdan , Gong Guoli
Published: September 2022

Yersinia enterocolitica is a pathogenic microorganism that can cause food-borne diseases.
Oligosaccharides elevate the gelatinization temperature of wheat starch more than sucrose, paving the way for their use in reduced sugar starch-based formulations
Authors: Woodbury Travest J. , Mauer Lisa J.
Published: September 2022

The effects of oligosaccharides on the gelatinization temperature of wheat starch, based on granule molecular size constraints.
A phase field model combined with a genetic algorithm for polycrystalline hafnium zirconium oxide ferroelectrics
Authors: Sugathan Sandeep , Thekkepat Krishnamohan , Bandyopadhyay Soumya , Kim Jiyoung , Cha Pil-Ryung
Published: September 2022

A novel genetic algorithm coupled phase field approach to predict the Landau coefficients and switching curves consistent with experiments for HZO ferroelectrics.
Soft detoxification of chemical warfare agent simulants and pesticides under pressure
Authors: Mansour Sergui , Silva Valmir B. , Orth Elisa S. , Legros Julien
Published: September 2022

The combination of very high pressure and simple nucleophilic scavengers (alcohols, amines) promotes the detoxification of nitrogen and sulfur mustards, V-series nerve agents and pesticides.
Innovative green oxidation of amines to imines under atmospheric oxygen
Authors: Yamamoto Yuki , Kodama Shintaro , Nomoto Akihiro , Ogawa Akiya
Published: September 2022

This review outlines the recently developed innovative and green oxidation systems of amines to imines under atmospheric oxygen and their application to one-pot/eco-friendly and sustainable synthesis of N-containing functional molecules.
Adsorption behavior and mechanism of CO2in the Longmaxi shale gas reservoir
Authors: Xie Weidong , Wang Meng , Vandeginste Veerle , Chen Si , Yu Zhenghong , Wang Jiyao , Wang Hua , Gan Huajun
Published: September 2022

The micropore filling mainly occurs in micropores, including the slit, capillary and ink-shaped pores. Molecular layer adsorption mainly occurs in mesopores and macropores, including the slit, plate, capillary and ink-shaped pores.
An overview of biomedical applications of choline geranate (CAGE): a major breakthrough in drug delivery
Authors: Riaz Mubeshar , Akhlaq Maida , Naz Sadia , Uroos Maliha
Published: September 2022

This review summarizes the advancements in the field of biomedical sciences using choline geranate (CAGE) ionic liquid (IL)/deep eutectic solvent (DES) in view of its unique properties.
Heteroatoms (Si, B, N, and P) doped 2D monolayer MoS2for NH3gas detection
Authors: Gber Terkumbur E. , Louis Hitler , Owen Aniekan E. , Etinwa Benjamin E. , Benjamin Innocent , Asogwa Fredrick C. , Orosun Muyiwa M. , Eno Ededet A.
Published: September 2022

2D transition metal dichalcogenide MoS2monolayer quantum dots (MoS2-QD) and their doped boron (B@MoS2-QD), nitrogen (N@MoS2-QD), phosphorus (P@MoS2-QD), and silicon (Si@MoS2-QD) counterparts are proposed as selective sensors for NH3gas.
Supercritical CO2 assisted extraction of essential oil and naringin from Citrus grandis peel: in vitro antimicrobial activity and docking study
Authors: Mai Thanh-Chi , Tran Ngoc-Thinh , Mai Dinh-Tri , Ngoc Mai Tran Thi , Thuc Duyen Nguyen Hong , Minh An Tran Nguyen , Alam Mahboob , Dang Chi-Hien , Nguyen Thanh-Danh
Published: September 2022

In this work, waste C. grandis peel was the ingredient used to extract essential oil and naringin by a supercritical CO2 technique. Both natural products were evaluated for antimicrobial activity and docking studies.
A simple and direct ionic chromatography method to monitor galactose oxidase activity
Authors: Kaddouch Eden , Cleveland Maria E. , Navarro David , Grisel Sacha , Haon Mireille , Brumer Harry , Lafond Mickaël , Berrin Jean-Guy , Bissaro Bastien
Published: September 2022

Galactose oxidase (GalOx, EC.1.1.3.9) is one of the most extensively studied copper radical oxidases. Here, we show it can be monitored through the release of oxidized galactosylated products using a simple, direct and sensitive HPAEC-PAD method.
An iron(ii)-based metalloradical system for intramolecular amination of C(sp2)–H and C(sp3)–H bonds: synthetic applications and mechanistic studies
Authors: Das Sandip Kumar , Das Subrata , Ghosh Supratim , Roy Satyajit , Pareek Monika , Roy Brindaban , Sunoj Raghavan B. , Chattopadhyay Buddhadeb
Published: September 2022

A catalytic system for intramolecular C(sp2)–H and C(sp3)–H amination of substituted tetrazolopyridines has been successfully developed.
Dual-defect site regulation on MOF-derived P-Co3O4@NC@Ov-NiMnLDH carbon arrays for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Zhu Fangfang , Sun Lin , Liu Yu , Shi Weidong
Published: September 2022

In this paper, a dual-defect modulated MOF-derived P-Co3O4@NC@Ov-NiMnLDH heterostructure is synthesizedviathe strategy of P doping and vacancy engineering for high-performance supercapacitors.
High-efficiency quantum-dot light-emitting diodes enabled by boosting the hole injection
Authors: Cheng Chunyan , Liu Aqiang , Ba Guohang , Mukhin Ivan S. , Huang Fei , Islamova Regina M. , Choy Wallace C. H. , Tian Jianjun
Published: September 2022

We devise a high-carrier-mobility hole-transport layer with less hole loss, obtained via doping poly(9-vinylcarbazole) into poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-alt-(4,4′-(N-(4-butylphenyl)))], achieving high external quantum efficiency QLEDs (22.7%).
Topische Applikation von Tranexamsäure im Rahmen der
subkutanen Mastektomie bei Frau-zu-Mann Transidentität
Authors: Keck Maike , Bosselmann Kira , Müller-Wittig Stefanie , Wittig Klaus Stephan , Lohmeyer Jörn Andreas
Published: September 2022

Abstrakt Einleitung Tranexamsäure (TXA) ist ein
antifibrinolytisches Medikament, das zur Therapie von Blutungen als auch zur
Blutungsprophylaxe verwendet werden kann. Die Anwendung in der plastischen und
rekonstruktiven Chirurgie ist bisher äußerst begrenzt. Unseres
Wissens fehlen bisher veröffentlichte Daten zur topischen Anwendung von
TXA bei subkutaner Mastektomie transidenter Patienten.

Methoden Es erfolgte eine retrospektive Datenanalyse von Patienten, die
eine subkutanen Mastektomie bei Frau-zu-Mann Transidentität erhielten.
Insgesamt wurden 22 Patienten mit topisch applizierter TXA behandelt,
während 29 Patienten als Vergleichsgruppe dienten. Primärer
Endpunkt war die Menge der Wundsekretion in den ersten 48 h nach der Operation.
Sekundäre Endpunkte waren die Dauer der Drainage und das Auftreten von
Nachblutungen.

Ergebnisse Innerhalb der ersten 48 h zeigte sich in der Gruppe der TXA
Patienten eine durchschnittliche Menge von 97±50 ml im Vergleich zu
180±111 ml in der Kontrollgruppe (p<0,01). Es zeigte sich eine
signifikant geringere Fördermenge über den Gesamtzeitraum in der
Gruppe der TXA Patienten 113±86 ml vs. 265±197 ml. Die
Verweildauer der Drainagen lag in der TXA Gruppe bei 2,3±0,7 Tagen,
während die Drainagen in der Kontrollgruppe im Durchschnitt
3,4±1,3 Tage in situ waren (p<0,01). In der Gruppe der mit TXA
behandelten Patienten zeigte sich eine Tendenz zu einer geringeren Anzahl an
Nachblutungen (9 vs. 17 %).

Diskussion Es zeigte sich eine signifikante Reduktion der
Fördermenge über die Drainage innerhalb der ersten 48 h sowie
über den Gesamtzeitraum nach topischer Applikation von TXA. Des Weiteren
kam es zu einer Verkürzung des Zeitraums mit einliegender Drainage bei
den mit TXA behandelten Patienten. Die vorliegende Studie konnte einen
signifikanten Vorteil für die topische Anwendung von TXA bei subkutaner
Mastektomie bei Frau-zu-Mann transidenten Patienten zeigen.
Forensik in der Geburtshilfe
Authors: Gruber Patricia , Almer Sebastian
Published: September 2022

Im Kreißsaal treffen Hebammen innerhalb kurzer Zeit gewichtige
Entscheidungen, die das Leben und die Gesundheit von Mutter und Kind gravierend
beeinflussen können. Welche potenziellen Fehler sollten sie dabei in
Betracht ziehen, um diese zu vermeiden? Rechtsanwalt Dr. Sebastian Almer und
Hebammensachverständige Patricia Gruber analysieren
Haftungsfälle in der Geburtshilfe beim Forum Hebammenarbeit vom
18.-19. November 2022 in Mainz.
Global Health 101
Authors: Welten Vanessa M. , Dabekaussen Kirsten F. A. A. , Melnitchouk Nelya
Published: September 2022

Global health is an evolving field that has been broadly defined as the promotion of health for all through transnational collaboration and research. It centers on the concepts of equity and collaboration. The focus of global health has recently undergone a major shift toward emphasizing the importance of a systems-based approach to healthcare delivery, which considers not only the target disease but also the many contextual factors, influencing the ability to deliver care equitably to a population to reduce the burden of any particular disease. Thus, an important global health delivery framework has been established to outline this inter- and multi-disciplinary systems-based to address major global health issues and improve health for all globally. The practice of global health, whether in research or in active intervention, necessitates guiding principles to ensure ethical conduct in the transnational partnerships and efforts to advance the field. With the introduction of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals in 2015, there has been a major shift in response to epidemiologic transition to focus on reducing the burden of noncommunicable diseases, including cancer, which disproportionately impact low-to-middle income countries. This is true for colorectal cancer, with care challenged by significant gaps in screening, early detection, and referral systems.
Kolumne: Welche Aufgabe hat das Büro der Zukunft?
Authors: Schmälzle Regina , d‘Auria Roberta
Published: September 2022

Die Pandemie hat gewohnte Vorstellungen von Büroorganisation und Zusammenarbeit auf den Prüfstand geschoben. Unternehmen müssen diese Erfahrungen analysieren und einfließen lassen in moderne Konzepte für die Gesundheitsförderung und den Arbeitsplatz der Zukunft.
Paradigmenwechsel: Versorgungssicherheit braucht Partnerschaft
Authors: Schmid Arne , Distler Florian
Published: September 2022

In volatilen Zeiten sollten Kliniken und Medizinproduktehersteller mehr denn je Seite an Seite stehen. Mit partnerschaftlich angelegten Beschaffungsprozessen können Produktengpässe vermieden werdenund zu einer qualitativ hochwertigen Versorgung beitragen.
Klimafreundliche Krankenhausreinigung: Ressourcenschonender Einsatz von Reinigungschemie und Wasser
Authors: Tegeler Sven
Published: September 2022

Umwelt- und Klimaschutz haben in der Gebäudebewirtschaftung eine stetig wachsende Bedeutung. Laut einer Studie der Unternehmensberatung Roland Berger aus dem Jahr 2020 halten 90 Prozent der Klinikbetriebe in Deutschland Nachhaltigkeit für relevant. Doch wie können sie ihren Umwelt-Fußabdruck reduzieren?
Wirkungsdialog: Einkauf und Logistik als Wertschöpfungsbeitrag in der Krankenhausversorgung
Authors: Kriegel Johannes
Published: September 2022

Die Wertschöpfung eines Krankenhauses wird durch die Qualität der stationären Patientenversorgung bestimmt. Diese gliedert sich in unterschiedliche primäre und unterstützende Leistungen. Der diesbezügliche Wertschöpfungsbeitrag durch Einkauf und Logistik bleibt oftmals im Verborgenen. Mittels Wirkungsmessung und Nutzenanalyse lassen sich die systemrelevanten Mehrwerte von Einkauf und Logistik transparent und nachvollziehbar darstellen.
Rechtsrahmen: Aktuelles zur Vertragsgestaltung in der klinischen Forschung im Krankenhaus
Authors: Holzmann Annika , Dillschneider Jutta
Published: September 2022

Nicht nur Universitätskliniken sind in der drittmittelfinanzierten klinischen Forschung aktiv. Auch Krankenhäuser ohne eigenen Auftrag zu Forschung und Lehre engagieren sich in diesem Bereich. Insbesondere ambitionierte Ärzte, die den Wettbewerb um den talentierten Nachwuchs annehmen, initiieren häufig die Teilnahme von Krankenhäusern an Studienvorhaben.
Strategie und Zukunft: Fokussieren, finanzieren, fusionieren
Authors: Dahlberg Gerhard
Published: September 2022

Um im Rahmen einer Fusion mit dem DIAKO Krankenhaus Flensburg flexibel zu bleiben, setzt das Malteser Krankenhaus St. Franziskus-Hospital in Flensburg auf die alternative Finanzierung moderner Großgeräte des Siemens Healthineers Tochterunternehmens Varian.
Entscheider-Blog: Zukunft der Krankenhausversorgung wird ohne Pflege gestaltet
Authors: Florian Bechtel
Published: September 2022

Gesundheitsminister Lauterbach hat Anfang Mai seine „Kommission für eine moderne und bedarfsgerechte Krankenhausversorgung“ vorgestellt. Die professionelle Pflege ist in dieser, gemessen an der Größe der Berufsgruppe, leider stark unterrepräsentiert. Vertreter aus Pflegepraxis und Pflegemanagement sucht man vergebens. Ein fatales Signal.
AOP-Katalog: Teure Ambulantisierung
Authors: Sabine Rolling
Published: September 2022

Der Gesetzgeber will die ambulante Versorgung voranbringen. Das finden eigentlich auch alle gut. Doch im Ringen um die geplante Erweiterung des sogenannten AOP-Katalogs, der mögliche ambulante Eingriffe auflistet, dringen die Krankenkassen darauf, dass die Reform auch tatsächlich die Kosten senkt. Dagegen pochen die Leistungserbringer auf finanzielle Zugeständnisse.
Green It im Krankenhaus: Nachhaltig sparen mit Bits und Bytes
Authors: Engberg Anna
Published: September 2022

Klimawandel und rasant steigende Energiepreise belasten immer stärker die Krankenhäuser. Dort sind der Ressourcenverbrauch und Energieverbrauch enorm. Nachhaltige Konzepte sind daher gefragter denn je. Eine wichtige Rolle in diesen Konzepten spielt dabei die IT-Infrastruktur. Wie weit Kliniken sind, „Green IT“ umzusetzen, darüber hat kma mit den beiden IT-Spezialisten Dr. Peter Gocke (Charité) und Armin de Greiff (Uniklinik Essen) gesprochen.
Application of coflow premixed flame for generating aggregate silica particles and its limitation
Authors: Sheen Sowon , Lee Jeonghoon , Woo Chang Gyu
Published: September 2022

This paper reports the geometrical characteristics and the growth of aggregate silica particles generated in a premixed flame using thermophoretic sampling, a light scattering technique, and aggregate dynamics modeling only for a premixed flat flame condition. The area equivalent size and the morphology of thermophoretically collected silica aggregate particles were analyzed through images taken from a transmission electron microscope. The particle stream in flames was visualized through a planar light scattering technique. Light scattering intensity at 90° using an Ar-ion laser (wavelength, 514 nm) was monitored for various flame conditions. The results of aggregate dynamics modeling under a one-dimensional assumption indicated that the silica particles grew as the height above the burner increased. Aggregate particles produced at various equivalence ratios showed different levels of OH-species. The OH-related species increased as the equivalence ratio decreased, which implies that a high equivalence ratio is recommended to produce pure silica particles. In this study, the purest silica aggregate particles were produced at the equivalence ratio of 11.4, among others. Our study helps to determine which flame condition is best in terms of the quality and/or quantity of silica aggregate particles generated by a coflow burner.
Linear vs nonlinear transport during chaotic advection in fluid flows
Authors: Speetjens M. F. M.
Published: September 2022

The goal of this study is explicit demarcation of the region of validity of a linear canonical representation for chaotic advection of Lagrangian fluid parcels in “chaotic seas” in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) time-periodic fluid flows governed by Hamiltonian mechanics. The concept of lobe dynamics admits exact and unique geometric demarcation of this region and, inherently, distinction of the portions of chaotic seas with essentially linear vs nonlinear Lagrangian transport. This, furthermore, admits explicit establishment of a topological equivalence between the (embedded) Hamiltonian structure of the Lagrangian dynamics in 2D (3D) flows and their canonical form. The linear transport region in physical space encompasses four adjacent subregions that each corresponds to one of the four quadrants in canonical space and may exchange material with their environment in two essentially nonlinear ways. First, exchange between quadrants within the linear transport region and, second, exchange with the exterior of this region. Both forms of exchange can be linked to specific subsets of material elements defined by interacting lobes and combined give rise to circulation through the quadrants of the linear transport region that systematically exchanges the material with the exterior.
Precipitating agent (NaOH and NH4OH) dependent magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles
Authors: Jain Richa , Kumar Sanjeev , Meena Shravan Kumar
Published: September 2022

This work investigates the effect of precipitating agents sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) on the structural and magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles. The co-precipitation method was used to synthesize cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (S1 and S2). The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by techniques such as x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and using a vibrating sample magnetometer at temperatures of 10 and 300 K. XRD results confirm the formation of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles. SEM images revealed the formation of round-shaped particles with a diameter range of 10–20 nm. Crystallite size, saturation magnetization, coercivity, squareness ratio, and anisotropy constant depend on the precipitating agents. The values of saturation magnetization for S1 are 23.6 and 32.6 emu/g whereas those for S2 are 27.4 and 41.2 emu/g at 10 and 300 K, respectively. These nanoparticles can be explored for applications in the fields of magnetism and biomedical science.
Ultra-high power laser for vitrification of borosilicate glass
Authors: Yu Shiwei , Liu Lie , Han Lianghua , Sun Xiangyang , Sun Jiapo , Li Can , Wu Qiupei , Huang Haoyue , Zhang Junze
Published: September 2022

The glass solidification technology has been studied by many researchers for decades to handle the trouble of high-level liquid waste (HLLW). However, the widely used joule-heated ceramic melter technology also has disadvantages such as complicated processes, easy deposition of heavy metals, and low thermal efficiency. To deal with these problems, we proposed a new glass solidification device based on ultra-high power laser heating to handle HLLW. HLLW was mixed with borosilicate glass, and melting, clarifying, and annealing processes were carried out in a crucible using laser heat. We test the properties of the borosilicate glass solidified body and then analyze it. The results show that the borosilicate glass beads were completely melted and other indicators are in line with the requirements. As a result, the new device that is heated by an ultra-high laser is feasible for vitrification of HLLW and has the potential to overcome the disadvantages of traditional solidification technology. This research is helpful to explore new glass solidification processes.
Three-dimensional characteristics of crossing shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction in a double fin with and without micro-ramp control
Authors: Wang Lican , Zhao Yilong , Wang Qiancheng , Zhao Yuxin , Zhang Ruoling , Ma Li
Published: September 2022

The three-dimensional (3D) interactions between crossing shock waves and a turbulent boundary layer (CSWBLI) inside a symmetric double fin are experimentally studied using nanoparticle-based planar laser scattering, supersonic particle image velocimetry, and surface oil visualization. The possibility of controlling the separated flow generated by CSWBLI is considered by employing micro-ramp vortex generators. First, the fractal dimension, velocity profile, and logarithmic law of the incoming turbulent boundary layer at Mach number 2.8 are examined. Then, the flow structure and velocity distribution, which have seldom been presented in previous experiments, are measured in high resolution. The 3D behavior of the boundary layer after CSWBLI shows that the boundary layer becomes thicker behind the shock wave and converges toward the symmetry plane of the double fin. The converged effect contributes to the largest thickness of the boundary layer in the symmetry plane accompanied with a separation region near the wall. Introduction of seven equidistant micro-ramps upstream of the double fin is proved to suppress the separation region, where the arc-like vortices generated by the middle micro-ramps are found to be more sustainable along the streamwise direction. The micro-ramps can increase the momentum exchange between the boundary layer and the surrounding mainstream. At the same time, the momentum exchange induced by the micro-ramps decreases the flow velocity outside the converged region in comparison with the configuration without micro-ramps. The results obtained in this paper can provide an experimental insight into the 3D physical phenomena existing in the CSWBLI and its flow control.
Variable thermal conductivity and thermophoretic aspects of free convection flow of a micropolar fluid due to a permeable cone: Heat source/sink
Authors: Alarabi Taghreed H. , Mahdy A.
Published: September 2022

Boundary layer analysis is introduced for providing a numerical treatment of steady state free convection flow of non-Newtonian fluid of micropolar type through an isothermal vertical permeable cone under impacts of variable thermal conductivity and thermophoretic force. Both heat generation or absorption and viscous dissipation are considered. The resulting altered boundary layer flow equations are numerically tackled by the help of the implicit finite difference approach. Two states are addressed: one corresponds to constant thermal conductivity, and the other is variable thermal conductivity. The skin friction, couple stress coefficients fluctuations, and Nusselt number for miscellaneous significant sundry factors are presented graphically and argued. From the calculated outcomes, the coefficient of couple stress reduces for larger values of vortex viscosity parameter R, while the reverse trend is noticed through the surface temperature exponent m factor. Augmentation in thermophoretic factor ω leads to the thermophoretic forces that encapsulates the mass transmission. As a certain case, the system flow equations of a classical Newtonian liquid are gained, by dropping the micropolar factors consequences.
Homologous recombination–deficient mutation cluster in tumor suppressor
RAD51C
identified by comprehensive analysis of cancer variants
Authors: Prakash Rohit , Rawal Yashpal , Sullivan Meghan R. , Grundy McKenzie K. , Bret Hélène , Mihalevic Michael J. , Rein Hayley L. , Baird Jared M. , Darrah Kristie , Zhang Fang , Wang Raymond , Traina Tiffany A. , Radke Marc R. , Kaufmann Scott H. , Swisher Elizabeth M. , Guérois Raphaël , Modesti Mauro , Sung Patrick , Jasin Maria , Bernstein Kara A.
Published: September 2022

Mutations in homologous recombination (HR) genes, including
BRCA1
,
BRCA2
, and the RAD51 paralog
RAD51C
, predispose to tumorigenesis and sensitize cancers to DNA-damaging agents and poly(ADP ribose) polymerase inhibitors. However, ∼800 missense variants of unknown significance have been identified for RAD51C alone, impairing cancer risk assessment and therapeutic strategies. Here, we interrogated >50 RAD51C missense variants, finding that mutations in residues conserved with RAD51 strongly predicted HR deficiency and disrupted interactions with other RAD51 paralogs. A cluster of mutations was identified in and around the Walker A box that led to impairments in HR, interactions with three other RAD51 paralogs, binding to single-stranded DNA, and ATP hydrolysis. We generated structural models of the two RAD51 paralog complexes containing RAD51C, RAD51B-RAD51C-RAD51D-XRCC2 and RAD51C-XRCC3. Together with our functional and biochemical analyses, the structural models predict ATP binding at the interface of RAD51C interactions with other RAD51 paralogs, similar to interactions between monomers in RAD51 filaments, and explain the failure of RAD51C variants in binding multiple paralogs. Ovarian cancer patients with variants in this cluster showed exceptionally long survival, which may be relevant to the reversion potential of the variants. This comprehensive analysis provides a framework for RAD51C variant classification. Importantly, it also provides insight into the functioning of the RAD51 paralog complexes.
The evolution of spectrum in antibiotics and bacteriocins
Authors: Palmer Jacob D. , Foster Kevin R.
Published: September 2022

A key property of many antibiotics is that they will kill or inhibit a diverse range of microbial species. This broad-spectrum of activity has its evolutionary roots in ecological competition, whereby bacteria and other microbes use antibiotics to suppress other strains and species. However, many bacteria also use narrow-spectrum toxins, such as bacteriocins, that principally target conspecifics. Why has such a diversity in spectrum evolved? Here, we develop an evolutionary model to understand antimicrobial spectrum. Our first model recapitulates the intuition that broad-spectrum is best, because it enables a microbe to kill a wider diversity of competitors. However, this model neglects an important property of antimicrobials: They are commonly bound, sequestered, or degraded by the cells they target. Incorporating this toxin loss reveals a major advantage to narrow-spectrum toxins: They target the strongest ecological competitor and avoid being used up on less important species. Why then would broad-spectrum toxins ever evolve? Our model predicts that broad-spectrum toxins will be favored by natural selection if a strain is highly abundant and can overpower both its key competitor and other species. We test this prediction by compiling and analyzing a database of the regulation and spectrum of toxins used in inter-bacterial competition. This analysis reveals a strong association between broad-spectrum toxins and density-dependent regulation, indicating that they are indeed used when strains are abundant. Our work provides a rationale for why bacteria commonly evolve narrow-spectrum toxins such as bacteriocins and suggests that the evolution of antibiotics proper is a signature of ecological dominance.
Assimilation patterns predict L2 identification accuracy of English initial consonants
Authors: Horslund Camilla Søballe , Bohn Ocke-Schwen
Published: September 2022

A large range of studies has generated predictions of second language (L2) speech learning problems from perceptual assimilation patterns of nonnative sounds to native (L1) categories. The present study extends our knowledge of assimilation patterns as a predictor of L2 speech perception by examining the relationship between perceptual assimilation and L2 identification. Specifically, we examine how nonnative listeners’ perceptual assimilation of the full range of English initial consonants predicts their identification accuracy. Four groups of non-native listeners, differing orthogonally with regard to their L1 (Danish, Finnish) and English-language immersion experience (immersion, non-immersion) participated. As predicted, assimilation patterns interacted with L2 experience in accounting for how the L2 learners identified English consonants for some assimilation types, while the predictions were less successful for other assimilation types.
New considerations for variable clitic placement in Spanish
Authors: Limerick Philip P.
Published: September 2022

The current study examines variable clitic placement (CP) in Spanish in a Mexican community in the metropolitan Atlanta area. By employing sociolinguistic interview data from 20 first-generation Mexican speakers, clitic frequencies and constraints are analyzed. Tokens of proclisis and enclisis were coded for linguistic and social factors that potentially influence clitic usage (e.g., topic persistence, specific clitic used, English proficiency, age, gender), and a logistic regression analysis was carried out usingRbrul(Daniel Johnson, 2009). Results indicate a proclisis rate of 64%, which is comparable to other varieties of Mexican Spanish. The regression analysis revealed that CP is sensitive to the particular construction used, the specific clitic, the presence of a pause, and the speaker’s gender. Additionally, English proficiency showed no effect on CP. This analysis supports previous research that CP is impermeable to contact-induced change and also reveals new conditioning factors (specific clitic, presence of a pause) that have not been examined in previous literature.
Dogon pseudo-subjects with or without true subjects
Authors: Heath Jeffrey , Dyachkov Vadim
Published: September 2022

Dogon pseudo-subjects are bare meteorological, temporal-environmental, and partonymic nouns of low
referentiality/specificity that occur in fixed noun-verb collocations. The pseudo-subject controls the choice of verb in all
cases, but it fails to behave like a true subject in linear position, in a quotative-subject construction, or in
pronominal-subject agreement. The pseudo-subject is the sole nominal in these meteorological and temporal collocations, but in
partonymic collocations it co-occurs with a true subject denoting the possessor-experiencer. The latter has all of the clear
subject properties except controlling the choice of verb. Pseudo-subjects have some similarities with, but are distinct from, a
range of typologically familiar phenomena including impersonal subjects, direct objects, possessums stranded by possessor raising,
East Asian-style second subjects or post-topic subjects, incorporated nouns, and adverbial adjuncts. They can be classified as
pseudo-incorporated nominals if this category is broad enough to include subject-like as well as object-like nominals. The
relevant constructions are easily modelled in construction grammars, but not in arboreal syntax.
High-temperature wear behaviour of plasma cladded WC/Ni60A composite coating on copper
Authors: Zhang Jun , Hu Rong , Wang Ruidong , Bai Dan , Zhang Chao , Zhang Yuwen , Wu Wenhe , Li Guangshi , Yang Yuzhu , Liu Quanli , Lu Xionggang
Published: September 2022

With the aim of improving the surface properties of copper, WC/Ni60A composite coatings were successfully prepared by plasma cladding. A good metallurgical bonding was formed between composite coating and copper substrate. The large amount of dispersed WC and W2C phases in the coating significantly increased the microhardness (17 times that of the copper substrate). With the rise in temperature, the wear resistance of the coating first increased and then decreased. At 400°C, the coating had the best wear resistance due to the lubricating effect of the oxide layer. However, due to the simultaneous occurrence of various wear mechanisms, the wear resistance at 600°C was significantly reduced, so the service temperature must be controlled below 600°C.
Fatigue life prediction of AZ31B magnesium alloy based on fracture fatigue entropy
Authors: Wang Zhuo-ran , Yan Zhi-feng , Chen Xiao-wei , Zhang Hong-xia , Wang Shu-bang , Dong Peng , Wang Wen-xian
Published: September 2022

In this paper, changes in entropy generation, entropy flow and damage are discussed under cyclic loading for AZ31 magnesium alloy. Results show that the entropy generation increases sharply at the beginning of the cycle, decreases to a certain extent and remains stable. The evolution law of entropy flow is similar to that of temperature in the magnesium alloy fatigue process. Fatigue damage rises exponentially and increases rapidly after the damage reaches 0.3. The relationship between the fatigue fracture entropy model and cycle times, which can predict the fatigue life well, is established. The relationship between the stable value of entropy generation and cyclic loading is also established. The fatigue limit is 102.25 MPa, and the error is 6.8%.
Spinodal liquid phase separation enabling dissimilar resistance spot welding of immiscible iron and copper alloy system
Authors: Taghavi Sahand , Pouranvari Majid
Published: September 2022

The heat un-balance and the immiscibility of the Cu and Fe alloy system are the key challenges during Cu/Fe resistance spot welding. Utilising electrodes of different geometries enabled the formation of a mixed Cu–Fe fusion zone. It is identified that despite the immiscibility of Cu and Fe in the solid-state, metastable liquid phase separation enables a metallurgical joining between Cu and Fe. The liquid phase spinodal decomposition led to the formation of an ultra-fine interconnected network of Cu-rich and Fe-rich phases in the fusion zone. The higher hardness of the fusion zone compared to the base metals, the susceptibility to solidification cracking, and the electrode indentation in the Cu sheet govern the mechanical properties of the Cu/Fe resistance spot welds.
Transit-amplifying cells control R-spondins in the mouse crypt to modulate intestinal stem cell proliferation
Authors: Chaves-Pérez Almudena , Santos-de-Frutos Karla , de la Rosa Sergio , Herranz-Montoya Irene , Perna Cristian , Djouder Nabil
Published: September 2022

Intestinal epithelium regenerates rapidly through proliferation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs), orchestrated by potent mitogens secreted within the crypt niche. However, mechanisms regulating these mitogenic factors remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that transit-amplifying (TA) cells, marked by unconventional prefoldin RPB5 interactor (URI), control R-spondin production to guide ISC proliferation. Genetic intestinal URI ablation in mice injures TA cells, reducing their survival capacity, leading to an inflamed tissue and subsequently decreasing R-spondin levels, thereby causing ISC quiescence and disruption of intestinal structure. R-spondin supplementation or restoration of R-spondin levels via cell death inhibition by c-MYC elimination or the suppression of inflammation reinstates ISC proliferation in URI-depleted mice. However, selective c-MYC and p53 suppression are required to fully restore TA cell survival and differentiation capacity and preserve complete intestinal architecture. Our data reveal an unexpected role of TA cells, which represent a signaling platform instrumental for controlling inflammatory cues and R-spondin production, essential for maintaining ISC proliferation and tissue regeneration.
Surface plasmon polaritons at an interface between silver and quantum dots hybrid nanocomposite
Authors: Waheed Maria , Ali Hazrat , Khan M Imtiaz , Ud Din Rafi , Ali Ijaz , Amin Bin , Shafiq Muhammad , Nazir Ruqia , Ahmad Pervaiz , Ahmad Rashid , Ud Din Israf , Ali Tariq
Published: September 2022

Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are investigated theoretically at the interface between silver metal and a hybrid system containing silver metal nanoparticles (MNPs) and semiconductor triple quantum dot (STQD). Various properties of SPPs are studied by varying the distance between silver MNP and SQD, radii of the MNP in the hybrid medium, and gate voltage applied to the TQD. A remarkable modification up to 315 μm is obtained in the SPPs’ propagation length by considering different sizes of silver MNPs in the hybrid medium. The wavelength of the SPPs is controlled via changing the distance between the MNPs and TQD, and gate voltages applied to TQD in the hybrid medium. Furthermore, we have studied the effect of various parameters such as gate voltages and radii of the MNPs on the penetration depth of SPPs into both sides of the interface of silver metal and hybrid medium. Plasmonic regions consisting of hybrid medium and silver metal provide multiple dimensions for the generation and control of SPPs. Therefore, it is assumed that these findings may have important applications in bio-sensors, atomic spectroscopy, photovoltaic devices, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, solar cells, and plasmon technology.
Spacelike trajectories in BTZ spacetime and comparison with timelike and lightlike trajectories
Authors: Roy Soumya Kanti , Raychaudhuri B , Mondal Aditya S
Published: September 2022

Spacelike trajectories or the motions of tachyons in (2 + 1) dimensional BTZ spacetime are discussed. A study of the effective potential in this case has also been done and it is shown that unlike that for tardyons or photons it does not have any local or global extremum. It rather possesses an inflection point that depends, along with the blackhole parameters, on the integrals of motion. Tachyons are, however, found to be sensitive, like photons and tardyons, to the usual frame dragging effect due to the rotational feature of the BTZ spacetime and thus pure radial motion cannot persist. It is further found that circular orbits exist nowhere except at the horizon. That the timelike object shows the same behaviour in this case is a remarkable feature of (2 + 1) dimensional gravity. Moreover, the trapping of tachyons at the horizon is also indicated. Comparison of the spacelike trajectories with the timelike and the lightlike trajectories and the corresponding effective potentials have been done analytically and graphically.
Development of full electromagnetic plasma burn-through model and validation in MAST
Authors: Kim Hyun-Tae , Casson Francis , Meyer Hendrik , Cunningham Geof , Scannell Rory , Kogan Lucy , Harrison James , Kim Seong-Cheol , Gwak Jin-Woo , Na Yong-Su , Lee Jeong-Won , Litaudon Xavier , Falchetto Gloria
Published: September 2022

This paper describes the improvement of the electromagnetic plasma burn-through model. Full circuit equations describing the currents in solenoid, poloidal field coils, and toroidally conducting passive structures have been integrated into the differential equation system of the plasma energy and particle balances in DYON. This enables consistent calculation of the time-evolving loop voltage at a plasma position only using operation signals in a control room, which are current (or voltage) waveforms in solenoid and poloidal field coils and prefill gas pressure. The synthetic flux loop data calculated in the modelling agrees well with the measurement in MAST, confirming the validity of the loop voltage calculation. The electromagnetic modelling also enables calculation of 2D time-evolving poloidal magnetic flux map, thereby modelling the plasma volume evolution during the plasma break-down and burn-through phase. Only using the control room operation signals used in 34 ohmic start-up discharges with the direct induction start-up scenario in MAST, the electromagnetic plasma burn-through modelling has reproduced the time-evolution of plasma current, electron density and temperature, and plasma volume, showing a reasonable level of agreement with experimental measurement.
Air Ambulance Drone for Medical Surveillance
Authors: Bethanney Janney J , Premkumar J , Krishnakumar S , Aishvariya Shivani S , Atchaya E , Grace Kanmani P
Published: September 2022

Rescue teams during a calamity or road accident on a highway and a lot more emergency- type situations require proper and speedy communication between the rescue unit and the patient. Usually, the need for patient data like the vitals is very much important for the ambulance and the hospital to prepare for the necessary healthcare facilities. As cities develop traffic hinders the distribution of healthcare support to the needy. Hence drones/air ambulances can solve this issue by navigating to the exact location of the patient and collecting their vitals with the help of certain sensors. The acquired data is shared with the healthcare providers and paramedics via the Internet of Things. Cloud backup helps in retrieving the data anytime and anywhere with certain safety regulations.
Smart Glove for Elderly Patients
Authors: Sofia Bobby J , Jane Elona J , Bismi J H , Dinesh Kumar M , Santhiya B
Published: September 2022

Each and everyone in this world should take care of elderly patients and treat them how they need to be treated. Due to aging, most of the elderly persons are facing health related issues and sent out to homes and orphanages. Elders cannot be able to visit doctors regularly to monitor health status. This article comes up with a solution for the elderly patients around by assisting them and helping them to be fearless. Here the proposed system makes use of different parameters like GPS and GSM modules, Pulse Oximeter, Accelerometer, Touch Sensor, Bluetooth that interface with the Arduino. The proposed smart glove is used to measure temperature, fall detection, pulse rate for the elderly patients, if they are facing any health-related troubles. This will help these patients to escape by altering the caretaker.
COVID – 19 Social Distancing Kit
Authors: Swarubini PJ , Kavya S , Jeeva J B
Published: September 2022

Over the past year and a half, the globe has been facing the deadly Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. COVID-19 can affect anyone at any age and cause serious illness or death. World Health Organization (WHO) recommends staying a minimum of one meter away from others to reduce transmission to stop and hinder transmission, which is known as social distancing. The government’s directives or its guidelines are not followed by the people, which is unfortunate. Proximity sensors and ultrasonic sensors are used to measure distances between users and other people, so that an audio alert is generated if the distance is less than a predetermined limit. The Mobile Application displays the user’s body temperature measured via a temperature sensor through Bluetooth.
Psoriasis Skin Disease Identification Using Support Vector Machine(SVM) Image Classification and Determining the Growth Rate
Authors: Thamizhvani TR , Ajayan Aparna K , Sannidhya V , Hemalatha RJ , Chandrasekaran R
Published: September 2022

In the Indian population, a larger part is under the subsistence level. Most of the people are living in areas of poor sanitation and have very little access to good medical facilities. From time to time, they don’t have the notice to go to a physician at the absolute time. The condition has been defined as a skin disorder or disease wherever there is a failure to induce the right identification and treatment in time typically ends up in advanced stages. Skin diseases tend to be itchy and cover the body easily. Among them, Psoriasis exists as a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by scaly patches on the skin. The proposed system focuses on SVM segmentation and scaling of 2D processed skin pore images of Psoriasis. The Feature Scaling Technique uses color, contrast, and image texture along with a combination of SVM classification features to diagnose and come up with a treatment solution. This computer-assisted image processing system removes erythematous from the psoriasis image for analysis and determination of growth rate. Therefore, earlier identification cuts back the symptoms of the illness and helps in developing a condition that indulges the strategies to live along with the disease condition called Psoriasis.
Brain tumour classification using machine learning algorithm
Authors: Malarvizhi A B , Mofika A , Monapreetha M , Arunnagiri A M
Published: September 2022

A Brain tumour is formed by a gradual addition of abnormal cells, and this is one of the major causes of death among other sorts of cancers. It is necessary to classify brain tumor using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain tumor image for treatment because MRI images assist as to detect the smallest defect of the body. This paper aimed to automatically classify brain tumours using a machine learning algorithm. In this work, the input image of the brain was pre-processed using median filter, segmented from the background using thresholding and K-means clustering algorithm and its features were extracted using GLCM. Using the SVM classifier, the brain tumour in the image was detected as either benign or malignant. This image classification process helps the doctors and research scientists to detect the tumour during its early stages, thereby controlling the spread of cancerous cells.
Improving Hand Hygiene Behavior Using a Novel Theory-Based Intervention During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Smith Stephanie R , Hagger Martin S , Keech Jacob J , Moyers Susette A , Hamilton Kyra
Published: September 2022

Background

Promoting the adoption of personal hygiene behaviors known to reduce the transmission of COVID-19, such as avoiding touching one’s face with unwashed hands, is important for limiting the spread of infections.

Purpose

We aimed to test the efficacy of a theory-based intervention to promote the avoidance of touching one’s face with unwashed hands to reduce the spread of COVID-19.

Methods

We tested effects of an intervention employing imagery, persuasive communication, and planning techniques in two pre-registered studies adopting randomized controlled designs in samples of Australian (N = 254; Study 1) and US (N = 245; Study 2) residents. Participants were randomly assigned to theory-based intervention or education-only conditions (Study 1), or to theory-based intervention, education-only, and no-intervention control conditions (Study 2). The intervention was delivered online and participants completed measures of behavior and theory-based social cognition constructs pre-intervention and one-week postintervention.

Results

Mixed-model ANOVAs revealed a significant increase in avoidance of touching the face with unwashed hands from pre-intervention to follow-up irrespective of intervention condition in both studies, but no significant condition effects. Exploratory analyses revealed significant effects of the theory-based intervention on behavior at follow-up in individuals with low pre-intervention risk perceptions in Study 2.

Conclusions

Results indicate high adoption of avoiding touching one’s face with unwashed hands, with behavior increasing over time independent of the intervention. Future research should confirm risk perceptions as a moderator of the effect theory-based interventions on infection-prevention behaviors.