bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The inverse problem of Q-analysis of complex systems structure in cyber security
Authors: Polutsyganova Victoriya , Smirnov Serhii
Published: February 2023

It is considered the inverse problem of Q-analysis. In the course of the research, an algorithm for the recovery of simplicial complexes from elementary simplex using local maps and a structural tree was developed. This algorithm will reduce the amount of data stored and improve the management process if the simplicial complex describes a real big complex system wich it can imagine cyber security system.
Estimating probable electoral losses using gaming approach in the conditions of information countermeasures
Authors: Tereshchenko Ivan , Myronets Alina
Published: February 2023

The task of assessing the destructive effects on information is considered public safety on the example of electoral losses in the process of information opposition. To find a solution to the above problem, it is proposed a non-linear model based on process modeling pre-election races. Based on similar studies, it was the impact of destructive informational influences on certain security is considered layers of society. A case study where an adversary advances its narratives for capture of a part of society in its information field, as well as his keeping under its influence at the expense of existing agents. For this purpose he involves influence agents who act in two groups. For the specified situation it was the process of transition of the electorate to the information environment is simulated opponent.

The following groups of objects were considered in the model: our agents, which functionally, they only oppose the agents of the adversary, groups of society, divided according to the possible impact on them, and two groups of agents enemy, each of which can change as a result of losses and necessity keeping under its influence members of the social groups that reacted positively on the information narratives of the adversary. As a result, the simulation was carried out assessment of probable electoral losses, which provides grounds for determination optimal counteraction to destructive informational influences.
La Poesía “frecuentada de ministros grandes”: amateurismo y poesía barroca
Authors: JIMÉNEZ BELMONTE Javier
Published: February 2023

En el siglo XVII, la profesionalización del poeta contrasta con el mantenimiento del cultivo de la Urica por nobles y grandes del reino, en una actitud que combina la escritura con el mecenazgo. Se sitúa también en un doble paradigma, social y literario, con jerarquías opuestas pero complementarias. Su confluencia refuerza el creciente prestigio de la poesía, aunque pueda suponer un conflicto respecto a la autonomía con que empieza a caracterizarse la práctica del poeta y la naturaleza de su escritura.
Identification and classification of objects in images obtained by UAV and orbital base imaging equipmenttion
Authors: Doudkin A. A. , Ganchenko V. V. , Inyutin A. V. , Marushko Y. Y.
Published: February 2023

To identify and classify objects on images obtained using UAV imaging and orbital-based imaging, a neural network classification model based on the use of an autoencoder and built on the architecture of an ensemble of multilayer perceptrons is proposed. Additionally, at the stage of highlighting informative features, is added a color information, which is based on the per-channel histograms and is invariant to the scale and rotations of the image. The model is implemented using the Keras library. The use of the proposed model for classification into four classes: “Fire”, “Smoke”, “Vegetation” and “Buildings”, allows to achieve a classification accuracy above 99%.
Using GPS data to calculate the ecological impact of road transport on the ecosystem of symbiotic megacities
Authors: Bazarevich O. , Kapski D. V.
Published: February 2023

The article analyzes the various models used to assess the environmental impact of transport on the ecosystem of cities, developed a software product for automating the methodology for calculating emissions from road transport based on those developed at the Belarusian National Technical University using GPS tracks. Some results of the application of the methodology for assessing environmental losses in road traffic in cities are given with the application to the geomap of a specific section of the road network. Recommendations are given for further improvement of the proposed methodology for assessing environmental losses from transport in the city’s ecosystem.
A pilot randomised-controlled parallel arm trial evaluating treatment satisfaction with the Omnipod DASH® Insulin Management System compared with usual care in adults with type 1 diabetes in Australia: Rationale, Study Design and Methodologies.
Authors: Kong Yee Wen , Yuan Cheng Yi , Kiburg Katerina , Brown Katrin , Trawley Steven , Partovi Andi , Roem Kerryn , Harrison Natalie , Fourlanos Spiros , Ekinci Elif , O'Neal David Norman
Published: February 2023

Background

Insulin pump therapy (IPT) improves glucose control in people with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) compared with multiple daily injections (MDI). However, their size, the tethered insulin infusion set, intrusiveness when operating the device, and the need to disconnect during showering limits their acceptance to many who may benefit. The Omnipod DASH® Insulin Management System is a small waterproof tubeless device worn on the upper arm which is wirelessly controlled by a handheld device which may be an acceptable alternative. However, there are no randomised controlled trials focusing on the impact on user perceptions of tubeless insulin pump therapy. This pilot study aims to assess the acceptability and feasibility of patch pump therapy compared with usual care in adults with T1D in Australia.

Methods

A pilot multi-site parallel randomised controlled study will be conducted in sixty-four adults with T1D who are managed on MDI or IPT and self-monitoring with finger-stick blood glucose from four specialist diabetes centres in Victoria, Australia. Following carbohydrate counting education, participants will be randomised to use Omnipod DASH® System (Omnipod group) or continue usual care (Usual care group) for 12 weeks, followed by a 12-week extension phase where all participants will use Omnipod DASH® System. The primary study outcome measures are acceptability which will be assessed by the difference in Diabetes Technology Questionnaire “current” (DTQ-current) score at 12 weeks post-randomisation compared to baseline, and feasibility which will be evaluated through study completion rates. Data on process outcomes, resource outcomes, participant centred outcomes, healthcare professional perceptions and glycaemic outcomes will also be collected.

Discussion

This pilot study will provide insights regarding feasibility of the study design and first data regarding user acceptance of insulin patch pump technology in Australian T1D adults. We anticipate that this study will provide information informing the design of a larger study evaluating the impact of patch pumps on subjective outcomes that are of significance to the person living with T1D.
Trial registration:
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry
(https://anzctr.org.au/)
ACTRN12621001195842 (8th September 2021)
Protocol Version: V3.3; 17th June 2021. Authors (DNO and KK)
Diurnal water fluxes and growth patterns in potato tubers under drought stress
Authors: Huntenburg Katharina , Pflugfelder Daniel , Koller Robert , Dodd Ian C. , Dusschoten Dagmar van
Published: February 2023

Background and Aims: Potato tubers comprise 83 % water at harvest, but surprisingly few studies address tuber water relations in drying soil. This study aims to understand whether soil drying alters water tuber fluxes and their effect on tuber volume growth.
Methods: tuber water content and volume growth were investigated every 4 hours using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during soil drying and re-watering, with leaf gas exchange, leaf water potential and foliar abscisic acid (ABA) concentration measured concurrently.
Results: Tubers of well-watered plants showed a diurnal growth pattern with their volume andaverage water content (TWC) increasing overnight. Withholding irrigation caused typical shoot drought stress responses (e.g. stomatal closure), dampened fluctuations in total TWC and paused nocturnal volume growth. Irrespective of soil moisture, tubers lost water (likely to the shoot) during the daytime when the plant transpires, while tuber water loss to the soil was minimal. Re-watering restored tuber volume growth and average TWC due to root water uptake and transport to the tuber.
Conclusions: Potato tubers can supply water to the shoot. Nocturnal water influx needs to exceed daytime water efflux for net tuber volume growth, which should be considered in irrigation management.
Estimation of the genetic influence on bone mineral density for Japanese women: a twin study
Authors: Saeki Soichiro , Tomizawa Rie , Minamitani Kaori , Nakata Ken , Honda Chika
Published: February 2023

Purpose
Although osteoporosis is a crucial problem in super-aged societies such as Japan, the heritability of bone mineral density in the Japanese population has not been studied to date.
Methods
Quantitative ultrasound was used to measure the bone area ratio (BAR, %) of 298 healthy, female Japanese twins (149 pairs, 136 monozygotic and 13 dizygotic twin pairs) registered in the Osaka University Twin Registry. Classical twin analysis was used to measure the heritability of bone mineral density.
Results
The heritability of bone mineral density for the group with all subjects was 0.51 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.38 – 0.63). For the group of subjects younger than 50 years, the effects of menopause were adjusted for and the best-fit model was also found to be the AE model, with a heritability estimate of 0.53 (95% CI: 0.34 – 0.72).
Conclusion
Japanese women appear to have a relatively lower heritability of bone mineral density compared with women from other countries. Therefore, environmental factors may play a significant role in the osteoporosis of Japanese women compared with women of other race and ethnicity.
A new method for interpreting well-to-well interference tests and quantifying the magnitude of production impact: Theory and applications in a multi-basin case study
Authors: Almasoodi Mouin , Andrews Thad , Johnston Curtis , Singh Ankush , McClure Mark
Published: February 2023

Interference tests are used in shale reservoirs to evaluate the strength of connectivity between wells. The results inform engineering decisions about well spacing. In this paper, we propose a new procedure for interpreting interference tests. We fit the initial interference response with the solution to the 1D diffusivity equation at an offset observation point. It is advantageous to use the initial interference response, rather than the subsequent trend, because the initial response is less affected by nonlinearities, time-varying boundary conditions, and uncertainties about flow geometry and flow regime. From the curve fit, we estimate the hydraulic diffusivity and the conductivity of the fractures connecting the wells. For engineering purposes, it would be useful to quantify the impact of interference on well production. Thus, we seek a relationship between the ‘degree of production interference’ (DPI) and an appropriate dimensionless quantity that can be derived from the estimate of fracture conductivity. Using simulations run under a wide range of conditions, we find that the classical definition for dimensionless fracture conductivity does not achieve a consistent prediction of DPI. This occurs because the dimensionless fracture conductivity was derived assuming radial flow geometry, but the dominant flow geometry during shale production is linear. We also find that the CPG (Chow Pressure Group) metric does not yield consistently accurate predictions of DPI. As an alternative, we derive a dimensionless quantity similar to the classical ‘dimensionless fracture conductivity,’ but which is derived for linear, not radial, flow geometry. Using this approach, we calculate a ‘dimensionless interference length’ that collapses all cases onto a single curve that predicts DPI as a function of fracture conductivity, well spacing, and formation properties. We conclude by applying the new method to field cases from the Anadarko and Delaware Basins.
Causes of stress and poor mental health in paramedicine students: A cross-cultural qualitative investigation in Saudi Arabia and the United Kingdom
Authors: Alzahrani Adnan , Keyworth Chris , Wilson Caitlin , Johnson Judith
Published: February 2023

Background: Paramedicine presents students with numerous challenges, including factors threatening their wellbeing. Over the last two decades studies have illustrated that paramedics and paramedic students are more likely to have mental disorders than the general population. These findings suggest that course-related factors could be important in contributing to poorer mental health. However, few studies have examined factors related to stress in paramedic students, and none of these have included paramedic students from cross-culture. To address this, the present study 1) explored paramedicine students' training experiences and other education-related factors that could affect their wellbeing, and 2) illustrated the possible differences and similarities between two cultures (Saudi Arabia and the UK) to determine whether the students’ cultural environment influenced factors related to their wellbeing.
Methods: A qualitative exploratory research design was used. Twenty semi-structured interviews were conducted with paramedicine students from the United Kingdom and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (ten participants from each country). Reflexive thematic analysis was employed as the analytical approach in this study.
Results: Four major themes were identified which captured the contributors to paramedic students’ stress levels: 1) exposure to potentially traumatic events, 2) relationships and communication, illustrating the student's personal and professional experiences with others, 3) programme atmosphere, demonstrating the challenges and support students encounter during their coursework and training, and 4) career, elucidating the pressure of future career expectations and predictions.
Conclusion: The study revealed contributors to stress were similar in both countries. Better preparation can help to reduce the negative impacts of the possible traumatic events encountered on placements and supportive relationships, especially with proctors, can boost student wellbeing. Universities are able to address both these factors and help foster a positive environment for paramedicine students. As such, these results should help educators and policymakers when identifying and delivering interventions to support paramedic students.
Simulation of China’s Urban Tourism Activity Based on Improved Density Clustering Algorithm
Authors: Huang Xinyan
Published: February 2023

Tourism is the pillar industry of many cities, and it is also an important key point to promote urban development and maintain urban vitality. At present, the analysis of urban tourism activity in China can better assist the research of regional economic development and promote the orderly development of regional economy. Many scholars have carried out the analysis in this respect. As a new and growing field, artificial intelligence also plays an important role in urban tourism. With the continuous development of science and technology, and the human intelligence field of human research is also developing. New artificial intelligence products continue to emerge. The workload of most artificial intelligence may exceed the manual workload. In order to continuously update artificial intelligence, individuals effectively combine data mining and artificial intelligence, and combine many knowledge disseminated by the network with artificial intelligence technology to create an advanced knowledge network model. This paper uses the OPTICS-based clustering algorithm to analyze the clustering of photos on the Flickr website and obtain information about tourism activities in Chinese cities. With the help of visualization software to visualize the experimental data and verify the experimental results introduced in this article, city tourism activities can be recommended to the destination. At present, many scholars have studied the application of improved density clustering algorithm in the field of biology and image analysis, but there are still some gaps in the development of tourism. This paper can make some contributions to the related fields.
Effective adsorption of Pb (II) from wastewater using MnO2 loaded MgFe-LD(H)O composites: Adsorption behavior and mechanism
Authors: Huang Yongxiang , Luo Xiangping , Liu Chongmin , You Shaohong , Rad Saeed , Qin Litang
Published: February 2023

Pb (II) adsorption by MnO2/ MgFe-layered double hydroxide (MnO2/ MgFe-LDH) and MnO2/ MgFe- Layered metal oxides (MnO2/ MgFe-LDO) materials were experimentally studied in lab-scale batch for remediation property and mechanism analysis. Based on our results, the optimum adsorption capacity for Pb (II) was achieved at the calcination temperature of 400 ℃ for MnO2/ MgFe-LDH. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models, quasi-primary and quasi-secondary kinetics, Elovich model, and thermodynamic studies were used for exploring Pb (II) adsorption mechanism by the two composites. In contrast to MnO2/ MgFe-LDH, MnO2/ MgFe-LDO400℃ have a stronger adsorption capacity, the results show that the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model (R2 > 0.948), the quasi-secondary kinetic model (R2 > 0.998), and the Elovich model (R2 > 0.950) provide great fits to the experimental data, indicating the adsorption of a predominantly chemisorption. The maximum adsorption capacity of MnO2/ MgFe-LDO400°C for Pb (Ⅱ) was 531.86 mg·g− 1 at the dosage of 1.0 g·L− 1, pH of 5.0, and temperature of 25°C. The thermodynamic model suggests that MnO2/ MgFe-LDO400℃ is spontaneously heat-absorbing during the adsorption process. Through characterization analysis, the main mechanisms involved in the adsorption process were include precipitation action, complexation with functional groups, electrostatic attraction, cation exchange and isomorphic replacement, and memory effect. Besides, MnO2/ MgFe-LDO400°C has excellent regeneration ability in five adsorption/desorption experiments. The above results highlight the powerful adsorption capacity of MnO2/ MgFe-LDO400°C and may inspire the development of new types of nanostructured adsorbents for wastewater remediation.
FGF10 Protects against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury through AMPK/mTOR/TFEB Pathway
Authors: Zhu Yu , Hu Zhicheng , Chen Gen , Hu Zhenyu , Zhu Junjie , Ma Hongfang , He Shengqu , Xu Xiejun , Huang Zhiyuan , Dong Yonggan , Cai Yan , Guan Xueqiang , Wang Xu , Wang Yang
Published: February 2023

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a common clinical complication that occurs upon reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Recent studies indicated that impaired autophagic flux contributes to MIRI-induced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes (CMs). Fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10), a multifunctional FGF family member, was reported to protect against renal and hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, it has not been investigated whether FGF10 has a similar beneficial effect against MIRI, and if so, whether autophagy is involved in this effect. Herein, we found that FGF10 was upregulated in mice with MIRI and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) with hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. FGF10 treatment decreased infarct size and improved cardiac function upon MIRI. FGF10 attenuated MIRI-induced apoptosis of CMs and impairment of autophagic flux mainly through the AMPK/mTOR/TFEB pathway. Therefore, FGF10 may have potential applications for the prevention and treatment of MIRI.
Diagnostic yield and novel candidate genes by exome sequencing in 166 children with intrahepatic cholestasis
Authors: Zheng Yucan , Guo Hongmei , Chen Leilei , Chen Weixia , Yan Kunlong , Zhang Zhihua , Li Mei , Jin Yu , Hu Guorui , Wang Chunli , Zhou Chunlei , zheng bixia , Zhou Wei , Jia Zhanjun , Liu Zhifeng
Published: February 2023

Background & Aims:
Cholestatic liver disease is a leading referral to pediatric liver transplant centers. Inherited disorders are the second most frequent cause of cholestasis in the first months of life.
Methods:
We retrospectively characterized the genotype and phenotype of 166 participants with intrahepatic cholestasis，and re-analyzed phenotype and WES data from patients with previously undetermined genetic etiology for newly published genes and novel candidates. Functional validations of selected variants were conducted in cultured cells.
Results:
Overall, we identified disease causing variants in 31% (52/166) of our study participants. Of the 52 individuals, 18 (35%) were metabolic liver diseases, 9 (17%) were syndromic cholestasis, 9 (17%) were progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, 3 (6%) were bile acid synthesis defects, 3(6%) were infantile liver failure and 10 (19%) were phenocopy of intrahepatic cholestasis. By reverse phenotyping, we identified a de novo variant c.1883G>A in FAM111B of a case with high glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) cholestasis. By reanalyzing WES data, two patients were newly solved, which had compound heterozygous variants in recently published genes KIF12 and USP53, respectively. Our additional search for novel candidates in unsolved trio families revealed four potential novel candidate genes (NCOA6, CCDC88B, USP24 and ATP11C), among which the patients with variants in NCOA6 and ATP11C recapitulate the cholestasis phenotype in mice model.
Conclusions:
In a single center pediatric cohort, we identified monogenic variants in 22 known human intrahepatic cholestasis or phenocopy genes, explaining up to 31% of the intrahepatic cholestasis patients. Rigorous analysis of WES data of well-phenotyped patients with intrahepatic cholestasis leads to a broader understanding of gene-specific phenotypic spectra as well as monogenic candidate gene identification.
Bortezomib, Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone (VRd) vs Carfilzomib, Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone (KRd) as Induction Therapy in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Tan Carlyn Rose , Derkach Andriy , Nemirovsky David , Ciardiello Amanda , Diamond Benjamin , Hultcrantz Malin , Hassoun Hani , Mailankody Sham , Shah Urvi , Maclachlan Kylee , Patel Dhwani , Lahoud Oscar , Landau Heather , Chung David , Shah Gunjan , Scordo Michael , Giralt Sergio , Lesokhin Alexander , Usmani Saad , Landgren Ola , Korde Neha
Published: February 2023

Lenalidomide and dexamethasone with bortezomib (VRd) or carfilzomib (KRd) are commonly used induction regimens in the U.S. This single-center, retrospective study evaluated outcomes and safety of VRd and KRd. Primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Of 389 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, 198 received VRd and 191 received KRd. Median PFS was not reached (NR) in both groups; 5-year PFS was 56% (95%CI, 48%-64%) for VRd and 67% (60%-75%) for KRd (P = 0.027). Estimated 5-year EFS was 34% (95%CI, 27%-42%) for VRd and 52% (45%-60%) for KRd (P < 0.001) with corresponding 5-year OS of 80% (95%CI, 75%-87%) and 90% (85%-95%), respectively (P = 0.053). For standard-risk patients, 5-year PFS was 68% (95%CI, 60%-78%) for VRd and 75% (65%-85%) for KRd (P = 0.20) with 5-year OS of 87% (95%CI, 81%-94%) and 93% (87%-99%), respectively (P = 0.13). For high-risk patients, median PFS was 41 months (95%CI, 32.8–61.1) for VRd and 70.9 months (58.2-NR) for KRd (P = 0.016). Respective 5-year PFS and OS were 35% (95%CI, 24%-51%) and 69% (58%-82%) for VRd and 58% (47%-71%) and 88% (80%-97%, P = 0.044) for KRd. Overall, KRd resulted in improved PFS and EFS with a trend toward improved OS compared to VRd with associations primarily driven by improvements in outcome for high-risk patients.
Understaning the tip-growth and root-growth vapor-liquid-solid mechanism in SnO2 nanowires by Comsol simulation
Authors: Nguyen Hoang Hai , Nguyen Minh Hieu
Published: February 2023

The conventional vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism has been widely accepted for understanding the tip-growth process of many metal nanowires. However, that model should be more comprehensive to explain the growth process of metal oxide. In this article, we produce tin oxide nanowires with gold nanoparticles and gold film as catalysts, which follow a tip-growth and root-growth process. Experimental results, such as transmission electron microscope images, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction patterns, demonstrate that the tip-growth process occurs on Au nanoparticles, and the root-growth process appears on Au thick film. Both methods can be observed when nanowires develop in the presence of both Au nanoparticles and Au film. In this case, the size and length of root-growth nanowires are much larger than that of tip-growth nanowires. For example, the length of the earlier is about 2 micrometers, whereas that of the latter ranges from 20 to 100 micrometers. The irregular shape of particles on the tip of nanowires is very different from other studies, which are usually spherical droplet-like. This suggests a VLS mechanism where there is the existence of partly melted particles playing the role of catalyst. The explanation based on the Au-Si and Au-Sn phase diagram reveals an essential role of the wettability of tin oxide to the Au-Sn alloy liquid. The non-wetting property of tin oxide is necessary for the tip-growth VLS and the root-growth VLS mechanism. Comsol simulation allows calculating the concentration and the flux of Sn atoms arriving on the Au-Sn surface. It suggests that long nanowires in the samples come from both tip-growth and root-growth processes.
NGS-based targeted sequencing identified eight novel variants in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy from southwestern China
Authors: Tang Feng , Xiao Yuanyuan , Zhou Cong , Zhang Haixia , Jing Wang , Zeng Yang
Published: February 2023

Background: At present, Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and exome sequencing (ES) are common gene detection methods in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), but they can not cover the whole genome sequence of DMD gene. In this study, the whole-genome capture of DMD gene and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology were used to detect the patients with DMD in Southwest China, so as to clarify the application value of this technology and further study the gene mutation spectrum.
Methods: From 2017 to 2020, 51 unrelated DMD patients in southwestern China were clinically diagnosed in West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University (Chengdu, China). The whole-genome of the DMD gene was captured from the peripheral blood of all patients, and next-generation sequencing was performed. Large copy number variants (CNVs) in the exon region of the DMD gene was verified through MLPA, and small variations (such as single nucleotide variation and < 50 bp fragment insertion/deletion) were validated using Sanger sequencing.
Results: Among the 51 patients, 49 (96.1%) had pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in the DMD gene. Among the 49 positive samples, 17 patients (34.7%) had CNVs in the exon region and 32 patients (65.3%) had small variations. A total of eight novel variants were identified: c.10916_10917del, c.1790T>A, c.1842del, c.2461G>T, c.3856G>T, c.5015del, c.5791_5792insCA, and exons 38-50 duplication.
Conclusions: Pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants of DMD gene were detected in 49 patients (96.1%), of which 8 variants (16.3%) had not been previously reported. This study not only confirmed the value of NGS-based targeted sequencing for DMD gene but also expanded the gene mutation spectrum of DMD, which may provide effective genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis for the families.
Perils of irrigated agriculture in urban environment: case study from the Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR), India
Authors: Vazhacharickal Prem Jose , Chandrasekhar Trupti , Chandrasekharam D.
Published: February 2023

The role of urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) role is to reduce urban poverty and ensure urban food security, income generation, and livelihood strategies that support Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The UPA production systems often use intensive management techniques and untreated wastewater for food production. The use of untreated sewage may challenge the quality of food products and pose health hazards through the food chain. Quantitative data about the Phyto-availability and food chain transfer of heavy metals in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) is scarce. This study was conducted to characterise the elemental and heavy metal transfer among major UPA production systems (farms and railway gardens), in MMR eliciting the soil to root translocation as well as its localisation in produce. It comprises a detailed two-year onsite examination of three farms (F1-3) and three railway gardens (RG1-3) across MMR. Potential risk assessments have been conducted by metal transfer factor (MTF), metal translocation (TF), daily intake of metals (DIM), health risk index (HRI), the average daily dose (ADD) and target hazard quotient (THQ), as well as total metal and element content in comparison with different safety standards. Copper concentration in soils ranged from 29.7 - 545 mg kg-1, with the highest and lowest concentrations observed at RG3 and RG2, respectively. The shoots of white radish accumulated Sr concentrations up to 424 mg kg-1 at RG2. Strontium had a TF up to 32.3 compared with Co, Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr with a maximum of 5.9, 5.3, 3.4, 1.7 and 1.5, respectively. The average daily dose of Zn was between 1.3 × 10-1 and 3.6 × 10-1 mg kg-1 d-1 while Ni had a daily dose of between 4.6 × 10-2 and 7.4 × 10-2 mg kg-1 d-1. The estimated values of ADD were below the world standard levels except for Cr and Ni, and there is a relative absence of health risk imposed by the ingestion of these vegetables produced in UPA systems in MMR. Detailed investigations are needed to identify the sources, mobilisation of heavy metals and trace element contaminations.
Ankrd11, a chromatin regulator and a KBG syndrome risk gene, is a critical regulator of cardiac neural crest cell biology and heart development
Authors: Kibalnyk Yana , Noble Ronan , Alexiou Maria , Poverennaya Irina , Dittmann Nicole , Greenwell Amanda , Goodkey Kara , Ussher John , Adameyko Igor , Graf Daniel , Bourque Stephane , Voronova Anastassia
Published: February 2023

ANKRD11 (Ankyrin Repeat Domain 11) is a chromatin regulator and a risk gene for KBG syndrome, a rare developmental disorder characterized by multiple organ abnormalities, including cardiac defects. However, the role of ANKRD11 in heart development is unknown. The neural crest plays a leading role in embryonic heart development, and its dysfunction is implicated in many congenital heart defects. Here, we demonstrate that conditional knockout of Ankrd11 in the murine embryonic neural crest leads to a severe congenital cardiac defect termed persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA), ventricular dilation, and impaired ventricular contractility. We further show these defects occur due to aberrant cardiac neural crest cell organization and failure to initiate outflow tract septation. Finally, conditional knockout of Ankrd11 in the neural crest leads to impaired Sema3C (Semaphorin 3C) expression, and reduced mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) and BMP (Bone Morphogenetic Protein) signaling in the cardiac neural crest cells within the outflow tract. This study identifies Ankrd11 as a novel regulator of neural crest-mediated heart development and function and suggests a mechanism for aberrant heart development in KBG syndrome patients.
Experimental study on sewage collection and related performance of square arc angle aquaculture tank
Authors: Che Zonglong , Zhou Yinxin , Zhao Chenxu , Ren Xiaozhong , Liu Hangfei , Sun Wei , Liu Haibo , Li Meng
Published: February 2023

In order to study the influence of the diameter to depth ratio of the square arc angle aquaculture tank on the flow field and sewage discharge characteristics in the aquaculture tank, a reduced physical model test system of the aquaculture tank with single-drain sewage discharge structure was established based on the actual size of the recirculating aquaculture tank. Under the conditions of different positions of the inlet pipe (single inlet pipe set at arc wall, double pipe set at opposite arc wall), the number of daily water cycle times (40 times, 60 times), the inflow angle (0°, 45°) and other parameters, the influence of the variation of diameter to depth ratios (2:1~7:1) (that is, the ratio of the length of the tank to the depth of water) on the flow field characteristics and sewage discharge effect was systematically analyzed. The results show that the appropriate diameter to depth ratio is the key to improve the sewage discharge efficiency in the tanks. The smaller the diameter to depth ratio is, the higher the sewage discharge efficiency is. When the diameter to depth ratios of the tanks with square arc angle are 2:1~3:1, the sewage discharge efficiency is good. When the diameter to depth ratio are 3.5:1~4.5:1, the sewage discharge effect is better. When the diameter to depth ratio are 5:1~7:1, the sewage discharge effect is weakened greatly. The self-purification capacity of aquaculture tanks and the discharge efficiency of sewage can be improved by choosing the proper diameter to depth ratio, increasing the daily water cycle times times and adjusting the placement of inlet pipes and inflow angle according to the actual needs. The the flow field characteristics in the aquaculture tank are closely related to the distribution and discharge efficiency of sewage. The high uniformity of the flow velocity is conducive to the accumulation of sewage. And the higher the flow velocity is, the higher the discharge efficiency is. The research results can provide theoretical basis and reference for the optimal design of diameter to depth ratio of square arc angle aquaculture tank.
Left or right, that is the question: Use of egocentric frame of reference and the right-eye advantage for understanding gestural signs in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncates)
Authors: Tomonaga Masaki , Uwano-Ito Yuka , Saito Toyoshi , Sakurai Natsuko
Published: February 2023

How do bottlenose dolphins visually perceive the space around them? In particular, what coordinates do they use as a frame of reference for left-right perception? To address this question, we examined the dolphin's responses to various manipulations of the spatial relationship between the dolphin and the trainer by using gestural signs for actions given by the trainer, which have different meanings in the left and right hands. When the dolphins were tested with their backs to the trainer (Experiment 1) or in an inverted position underwater (Experiments 2 and 3), correct responses from the trainer's perspective were maintained for signs related to movement direction instructions. In contrast, reversed responses were frequently observed for signs that required different sounds for the left and right hands. When the movement direction instructions were presented with symmetrical graphic signs such as "×" and "●", accuracy decreased in the inverted posture (Experiment 3). Furthermore, when the signs for sounds were presented from either the left or right side of the dolphin's body, performance was better when the side of the sign movement coincided with the body side on which it was presented than when it was mismatched (Experiment 4). In the final experiment, when one eye was covered with an eyecup, the results showed that, as in the case of body-side presentation, performance was better when the open eye coincided with the side on which the sign movement was presented. These results indicate that dolphins used the egocentric frame for visuospatial cognition. In addition, they showed better performances when the gestural signs were presented to the right eye, suggesting a left-hemispheric advantage in the dolphin's visuospatial cognition.
Novel fatty acid metabolism biomarkers of immunotherapy response in cervical cancer
Authors: Ran Zhihong , Zhang Lei , Chen Lulu , Dong Ming , Song Qibin
Published: February 2023

Fatty acid metabolism abnormalities played an important role in cervical cancer, and current tumor stage has entered the molecular era, which determined the genomic characteristics and prognosis of cancer more precisely than the traditional TNM stage. However, molecular typing on cervical cancer based on fatty acid metabolism has not yet been unclear. Here we downloaded the gene set of fatty acid metabolism from the MSigDB database and classified cervical cancer into three independent genomic stage types-C1, C2 and C3, by extracting the expression in TCGA. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed significant survival differences among the three (p < 0.05), and MCPcounter analysis showed that CD8+ T-cell infiltration was more in C3, which had the best prognosis. The MCPcounter analysis showed more CD8+ T-cell infiltration in the C3 type with the best prognosis and more fibroblast infiltration in the C1 type with the worst prognosis (p < 0.05). WGCNA analysis was performed on the three molecular typologies to identify the best correlated blue modules, identify the co-expressed genes in which the association was greater than 0.3, and take the intersection with the differential genes of the three molecular typologies. A novel prognostic model for fatty acid metabolism genomics was developed. Survival analysis showed better survival differences in this model with higher immune and stromal scores in the low-risk group. 31 genes in the model were negatively correlated with immune checkpoints overall. For immunotherapy efficacy analysis, the immunotherapy efficacy was higher in the low-risk group than in the high-risk group in IPS score, and the immune dysfunction level was higher in the low-risk group than in the high-risk group in the TIDE algorithm, whereas the immune escape ability was higher in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group, and the immunotherapy level was higher in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group overall (p < 0.05). Mechanistically, the high-risk group was mainly enriched in the pathways of intercellular interaction, cell-matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In conclusion, the prognostic model of cervical cancer constructed based on the molecular typing of fatty acids metabolism could predict the prognosis and immunotherapy of the patients with cervical cancer.
Hyper-fidelity depletion with discrete motion for pebble bed reactors
Authors: Robert Yves , Fratoni Massimiliano , Siaraferas Tatiana
Published: February 2023

Hyper-fidelity (HxF) depletion of pebble bed reactors (PBRs) is the capability to model depletion for every pebble while accounting for motion through the core. Previous HxF work demonstrated feasibility to deplete hundreds of thousands of stationary pebbles concurrently within reasonable timeframes. This work illustrates the second step towards HxF, coupling depletion with a discrete motion scheme. The model assumes an ordered bed with pebbles occupying fixed positions. Motion is simplified as discrete since pebbles move in straight lines from one set position to another. The methodology was implemented in Serpent 2, combined with its transport and depletion capabilities. Ad-hoc routines were developed ensuring compatibility with domain decomposition and pebble recirculation after each pass based on discharge criteria and fresh pebble insertion. Capabilities of HxF with discrete motion are demonstrated using a full-scale high-temperature gas-cooled reactor model. Specifically, an approach to equilibrium is performed, and example results are shown for in-core and discarded pebbles. The data illustrates how HxF provides unique insights into PBR fuel, producing information on statistical distributions rather than average values only, as obtained by traditional methods that rely on spectral zoning for depletion. Knowledge of these distributions can greatly improve analysis and assessment of PBRs.
Intrathecal Th17-driven inflammation is associated with prolonged post- treatment convalescence for patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis
Authors: Gyllemark Paula , Sjöwall Johanna , Forsberg Pia , Ernerudh Jan , Henningsson Anna J
Published: February 2023

Background: Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) is associated with increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Residual symptoms after antibiotic treatment can have deleterious effects on patients and knowledge regarding the pathogenesis linked to prolonged recovery is lacking. In this prospective follow-up study, we investigated the B cell-associated and T helper (Th) cell-associated immune responses in well-characterized patients with LNB and controls. The aims were to assess the kinetics of selected cytokines and chemokines involved in the inflammatory response and to identify potential prognostic markers.
Methods: We investigated 13 patients with LNB according to a standardized clinical protocol before antibiotic treatment and after 1, 6 and 12 months of follow-up. CSF and blood samples were obtained at baseline and after 1 month. As controls, we used CSF samples from 37 patients who received spinal anesthesia during orthopedic surgery. The CSF samples were analyzed for CXCL10 (Th1-related), CCL22 (Th2-related) and IL-17A, CXCL1 and CCL20 (Th17-related), as well as for the B cell-related cytokines of a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), B cell-activating factor (BAFF) and CXCL13.
Results: The CSF levels of all the cytokines and chemokines, with the exception of APRIL, were significantly higher at baseline in patients with LNB compared with controls. All the cytokines and chemokines, except for IL-17A were significantly reduced at 1-month follow-up. Patients with quick recovery (< 1 month, N = 3) had significantly lower levels of CCL20 at baseline and lower levels of IL-17A at 1-month follow-up. Patients with time of recovery >6 months (N = 7) had significantly higher levels of IL-17A at the one-month follow-up. No other cytokines or chemokines were associated with prolonged recovery. Dominating residual symptoms were fatigue, myalgia, radiculitis and/or arthralgia.
Conclusions: In this prospective follow-up study of patients with LNB, we found significantly lower levels of CCL20 in those who recovered rapidly, and increased levels of IL-17A in patients with delayed recovery post-treatment. Our findings indicate persistent Th17-driven inflammation in the CSF, possibly contributing to a longer convalescence, and suggest IL-17A and CCL20 as potential biomarker candidates for patients with LNB.
One-dimensional compression fractal theory and experimental verification of coarse-grained soil
Authors: Xu Yu-ran , Xu Yongfu
Published: February 2023

Coarse-grained soil particles will be obviously broken under high stress, and particle breakage is the main reason for the compression of samples. The compressibility λ in e-logσ curve is closely related to the degree of particle breakage. In this paper, a term of surface energy caused by particle breakage is added to the energy conservation equation. The variation of surface area per unit volume of sample is described by fractal dimension, and then the relationship between fractal dimension and vertical stress is established. Finally, the theoretical formula of compression coefficient is obtained, and the fractal theoretical model of one-dimensional compression deformation of coarse-grained soil is established. Compression coefficient is related to surface free energy, internal friction angle, shape factor and initial particle size. In addition, calcareous sand and gypsum were selected for one-dimensional compression tests at high stress. With the increase of initial particle size, the compression coefficient increases. According to the relationship between fractal dimension and vertical stress, the theoretical value of compression coefficient is obtained. The theoretical value is very close to the experimental value, which proves that the fractal theory of one-dimensional compression deformation of coarse-grained soil is correct.
FoxP3-positive cells and their contacts with mast cells are highly increased in basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Kaukinen Antti P. , Harvima Rauno J. , Harvima Ilkka T.
Published: February 2023

The cells of the immune system are thought to contribute to the development of skin cancers through immune evasion. One possible mechanism for this can be the interaction between mast cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Therefore, fresh frozen biopsies from the lesional and nonlesional skin of 16 patients with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) were processed for the enzymehistochemical staining of mast cell tryptase, immunohistochemical staining of FoxP3 as well as for the double-staining method to label tryptase+ cells and FoxP3+ (a marker of Tregs) cells on the same cryosection. The cell numbers and apparent morphological contacts (AMCs) between these cell types were counted. The results show a high increase in the number of tryptase+ cells, FoxP3+ cells and AMCs between them in the lesional compared to corresponding nonlesional skin (p<0.0001). Therefore, a theoretical morphological basis is present in the BCC lesion for permitting an immune evasive microenvironment.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) levels in finger foods and multiple used edible oils on Ghanaian market
Authors: Suraj Suraj Issaka Sam , Fiako Joseph Richmond , Asamoah Anita , Gibrilla Abass
Published: February 2023

Boiling, roasting, baking and frying are all food preparation methods that can have a significant impact on food quality. Frying and baking are popular methods of preparing finger food in Ghana. It is common among Ghanaians to use the same batch of oil to fry food multiple times. In this study, the effect of multiple frying on the composition and concentration of PAHs in three commonly used cooking oils—soybean, mixed vegetable, and sunflower—was examined. PAH levels were measured in fresh (unused) as well as used oil samples. Bean cake, doughnuts, and plantain chips were fried alternately using the three types of oil, and PAH levels were quantified. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry were used to determine the PAH content of the oils and finger foods. PAHs, mostly low-ring were found in the unused (fresh) oil. The total concentration of the PAHs in the fresh oil was 223 µg/kg. A total of 15 individual PAHs congeners were recorded in the oils after repeated fries. The sum concentrations of the 15 PAHs was 15612µg/kg. It was also discovered that the PAH composition differed depending on the type of oil, finger food, and number of frying cycles. The percentage increase for high molecular PAH (HM-PAH) in the second and third fry sessions was, on average, 22% and 40%, respectively. The PAHs levels recorded in the edible oils after repeated fries were above the recommended guideline limit. It is therefore recommended that repeated use of edible oil in frying should be avoided to protect public health.
Neoadjuvant treatment of postoperative gastric cancer combined with portal vein gas
Authors: Fu HaoRan , Zhao XueFeng
Published: February 2023

Portal vein gas (PVG) is an abnormal accumulation of gas in the portal vein of the liver and is often indicative of a critical condition, with rapid onset, rapid progression and poor prognosis.We report a case of neoadjuvant treatment of postoperative gastric cancer combined with portal vein pneumatosis that improved after conservative treatment.After 4 cycles of SOX chemotherapy, he underwent total gastrectomy + oesophago-jejunal Roux-en-Y anastomosis with postoperative complications of portal vein pneumatization, and was discharged after 14 hours of conservative treatment.Combined with the previous literature reports, the diagnosis and treatment of the disease are analysed and summarised in order to raise vigilance for early diagnosis and treatment, and also to lay the foundation for the diagnosis and treatment of clinically relevant cases.