bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tingkat Adopsi Petani Terhadap Penerapan Inovasi Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu (PTT) Padi di Desa Palesangger Kecamatan Pegantenan Kabupaten Pamekasan
Authors: Cesnowaty Like , Budi Ferdianto , Agustini Desai Maharani
Published: January 2025

Salah satu strategi yang diterapkan untuk mencapai produktivitas usahatani padi adalah penerapan inovasi teknologi yang disesuaikan dengan lokasi atau sumberdaya pertanian suatu lokasi tertentu. Teknik pertanian ini dapat diimplementasikan secara inovatif dan dinamis dengan menggunakan metode Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu (PTT). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana adopsi pengelolaan tanaman padi terpadu oleh petani di Desa Palesangger Kecamatan Pegantenan Kabupaten Pamekasan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan mensurvei 48 petani di Desa Palesangger. Tingkat adopsi petani diukur menggunakan Skala Guttman dan dikategorikan dalam kategori rendah, sedang, atau tinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak semua komponen teknis dalam metode padi PTT diterapkan oleh petani. Tingkat adopsi terhadap penerapan inovasi PTT padi yaitu 42,29% yang tergolong rendah dan dari 10 komponen teknologi yang ada dalam PTT penerapan tertinggi adalah pada komponen penggunaan varietas unggul bermutu sebanyak 77,08 % dan penerapan terendah adalah komponen pengaturan jarak tanam 14,58%.
Evaluasi Pemanfaatan Kartu Tani 2023 pada Kelompok Tani Sukaresmi Tani Mandiri di Desa Cipayung Bogor
Authors: Mahadiva Aura Assahra , Nurulhaq Muhammad Iqbal , Dharmawan Leonard
Published: January 2025

Kartu Tani merupakan salah program pemerintah yang bertujuan untuk mendukung petani agar dapat mencapai kesejahteraan perekonomian. Program Kartu Tani dilaksanakan dengan memberikan harga subsidi pada pupuk yang dapat dibeli oleh petani yang tergabung dalam kelompok tani dan mengikuti kegiatan RDKK. Namun, Program Kartu Tani masih belum berjalan secara optimal. Sehingga, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui evaluasi program Kartu Tani dari segi pengimpementasian Kartu Tani, pemanfaatan Kartu Tani berdasarkan asas 6 tepat dan kaitan karakteristik dengan pemanfaatan Kartu Tani pada Poktan Sukaresmi Tani Mandiri dengan melakukan wawancara dan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa pada Poktan Sukaresmi Tani Mandiri hanya 17 dari 36 anggota yang aktif memanfaatkan Kartu Tani.
Polyarteritis Nodosa Presenting with Ischemic Stroke: A Case Report
Authors: Almousa Samaher , Muhamad Ritta , Salameh Farah , Alahmad Abdallah , Kasem Bana , Wannous Hala
Published: January 2025

Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a rare inflammatory necrotizing vasculitis with variable clinical manifestations and unusual presentations. Therefore, delays in diagnosis are common. The most common features are polyneuropathy, gastrointestinal, and constitutional symptoms. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is rare in this disease, manifesting as encephalopathy, headache, seizures, and stroke. However, stroke can be ischemic or hemorrhagic, and it is extremely rare as an initial manifestation of PAN. Here, we present a 67-year-old male patient who presented with an initial stroke. He was diagnosed with PAN when he developed severe multi-system complications leading to death. We aim to increase awareness about this disabling complication of PAN and highlight the importance of considering vasculitis, especially PAN, in the differential diagnosis of ischemic stroke. Early diagnosis and timely treatment can improve clinical outcomes and decrease mortality rates.
Anti-leukotriene compared to inhaled corticosteroid for recurrent wheezing in children under five years of age: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sadeghi-Shabestari Mahnaz , Abbasnazhad Maryam , Rezazadeh Khatereh , Dastranji Azar
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Asthma is the common chronic disease in childhood. One of the major symptoms of asthma in children is wheezing. According to the international guidelines, inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) is prescribed for treating recurrent wheezing in children less than five years. However, due to poor adherence, high cost, and possible side effects of ICS in young children, anti-leukotrienes are recommended as a safe initial treatment for recurrent wheezing. Therefore, we performed this study to compare anti-leukotriene versus ICS in treating recurrent wheezing in children less than five years. Methods: We enrolled 68 patients less than five years old with recurrent wheezing (more than three times over the past year) and mild persistent asthma in this randomized controlled clinical trial. The patients were randomly divided in a 1:1 ratio into two groups. Group 1 was treated by ICS 50 mcg twice daily and group 2 was received montelukast 4 mg granules daily. The patients followed up for six months and the results of the two groups were compared. Results: Thirty-four of 68 patients received montelukast and 34 patients received ICS. In montelukast and ICS group, 23 (68%) and 20 (59%) patients were boys, respectively. The frequency of wheezing decreased significantly in patients receiving montelukast (P<0.001) as well as ICS (P<0.001). However, there were no differences between two groups in the efficacy of treatment (P=0.38). Conclusion: In children less than five years with mild persistent asthma, both montelukast and ICS were effective with no differences between groups in the efficacy of treatment.
Biochemical changes: alert for mineral and bone disorders in children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: da Silva Bruno Ramos , Cabral Cantanhede Nyara Anielly , Santos Dias Indyara Dolores , Sousa Rosa Beatriz Castro , Silva Cruvel Juliana Moreira da , Louseiro Vanessa Farias
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Mineral and bone disorder is a clinical condition characterized by biochemical alterations, bone abnormalities, and vascular calcification. Objectives: To analyze the biochemical alterations involved in mineral and bone disorder in children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis at a University Hospital in Maranhão. Materials and Methods: Analytical longitudinal study conducted at the Nephrology Unit of the University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão. Data collection was performed through sociodemographic questionnaires, electronic medical records, and the biochemical examination information system of 16 pediatric patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment. Vitamin D was evaluated at one time point, and calcium, phosphorus, and PTH at two time points. Data were organized in a database using Microsoft Office Excel 2013 spreadsheet. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata® version 14.0. The STATA® version 14 program was used, the Wilcoxon test was applied, and a significance level of 5% was adopted. Results: There was gender equality, with an age range between 3 and 17 years old, and predominantly brown and black skin color (81.2%). Congenital malformation (18.8%), CKD secondary to heart disease (25%), and of unknown cause (43.8%) were the most frequent etiologies. The most commonly used medications were calcitriol, sevelamer, and calcium carbonate. Biochemical findings revealed adequate vitamin D levels, variation in serum calcium levels (normocalcemia and hypocalcemia), hyperphosphatemia, and high PTH. There was a statistical difference in calcium levels between September and December (P=0.006). Conclusion: After data analysis, it was possible to identify adequate serum levels of vitamin D and variations in calcium levels when comparing the collected months, showing statistical significance. Phosphorus and PTH were above the ideal parameters most of the time, which can be challenging for dietary and medication treatment.
Rapamycin-associated nephropathy; a short look at the new findings
Authors: Nasri Hamid , Razmjouei Soha , Saeifar Sanam
Published: January 2025

Histopathologic lesions associated with rapamycin-associated nephropathy (RAN) include collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, delayed graft function with cast nephropathy, and acute renal injury with increased intratubular cast formation.
Studying the status of research grants of Smart University of Medical Sciences with an emphasis on achievements, challenges and solutions
Authors: Sabet Babak , Montazeri Vahideh , Khani Hamed , Habibi Amin , Bakhtiary Hassan
Published: January 2025

Background: The role of interdisciplinary research in medical sciences in expanding the frontiers of knowledge, innovation, and invention of new technologies, solving health system challenges, improving public health, enhancing social welfare, and sustainable development is hidden from no one, especially health policymakers. This study was conducted to review the status of Smart Medical Sciences University’s research grants. Methods: This study was based on an integrated analysis of quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data were collected by reviewing published documents of calls for proposals from 1398 to 1402 and online satisfaction questionnaires, and qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Results: Based on the analysis of the data for the past 5 years related to the call for research grants of Smart University of Medical Sciences, a total of 31 projects have been approved. In this regard, most submitted projects were in the fields of virtual and augmented reality (12%), mobile learning (11.6%), games and game design (9.2%), instructional design (7.2%), artificial intelligence and machine learning (6%), platforms (5.6%), course evaluation (6%), educational resources (4%), assessment (4%) and other fields (34.4%). In addition, based on qualitative data analysis, 27 outcomes emerged for the education and health system in 11 areas. Finally, based on the combination of findings, strategies were categorized to overcome the challenges of research grant calls. Conclusion: Despite identifying challenges in research grant calls, the results show that development grant calls at Smart University of Medical Sciences have had positive achievements for the health education system, which can ultimately be used to improve the medical education system.
Determinants of the Durations of Reconstruction Project Stages : A Case of Southeast Seoul
Authors:   Korea Real Estate Research Institute, Lee Jongyearn
Published: January 2025

Using a nonparametric approach and a semi-parametric estimation method of survival analysis, this study analyzed the characteristics of and factors affecting the time required for each stage of reconstruction projects in Southeast Seoul (the districts of Seocho-gu, Gangnam-gu, and Songpa-gu) over the past 20 years. According to the results, the physical and human scale of such projects does not have a statistically significant effect on the time required for each stage, whereas the indicator of profitability—related to floor area ratio—significantly shortens the time required to prepare for these projects. In addition, the public support introduced to facilitate reconstruction projects was found to be insufficient for shortening the time required for each stage. This suggests that relevant policies need to be reviewed and improved.
Stock Price Crash Risk in Korea-listed Real Estate Investment Trusts : A Cross-Industry Comparative Analysis
Authors:   Korea Real Estate Research Institute, Han Gwang Ho
Published: January 2025

For general investors, the rapid growth of Korean listed Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) has expanded investment opportunities in high-quality real estate assets. However, because of the information asymmetry inherent in real estate and the characteristics of sponsor structures, REITs are susceptible to agency problems, which can lead to stock price crash risk. This study measures the stock price crash risk of Korean listed REITs and empirically analyzes their relative risk level by comparing them with other industries. Korean listed REITs are found to exhibit a higher stock price crash risk than other industries, which is inferred to be related to agency problems. However, during the market expansion period after 2020, the risk gap tends to decrease, suggesting that the emergence of large-scale sponsor REITs and market maturation contribute to crash risk mitigation. Based on these findings, policy recommendations are proposed, such as strengthening internal controls and enhancing managerial transparency, to ensure the REIT industry’s sustainable development.
Reseña del libro Dirección y liderazgo de los centros educativos. Naturaleza, desarrollo y práctica profesional
Authors: Sánchez-Prieto María
Published: January 2025

El libro analiza el actual estado de la dirección y las posibilidades del liderazgo en diferentes contextos educativos, convirtiéndose en referente para la reflexión y formación de líderes y directores de dichos ámbitos
Penyuluhan Dapatkan, Gunakan, Simpan dan Buang Obat (Dagusibu) di Kelurahan Candirejo, Kecamatan Ungaran Barat, Kabupaten Semarang
Authors: Susilo Jatmiko , Rini Susanti  , Kartika Sari
Published: January 2025

Basic Health Research (2013) noted that 35.2% of families in Indonesia store medicines for self-medication. The risk of improper use and management of medicines can be in the form of medication errors or side effects that are harmful to the family and surrounding community as well as financial impacts. The purpose of this community service is to increase public knowledge and awareness through communication, information, and education (KIE) about drug management at the family level through the Dagusibu program (Get, Use, Save, and Dispose). This service was carried out on Mei, 14 2024 in Candirejo Village, East Ungaran, Ungaran Regency, by providing IEC to PKK mothers as many as 25 using audio-visual media. To assess knowledge and understanding, a pre-test and post-test were carried out. The results obtained were an increase in knowledge and better understanding (p<0.001). The provision of IEC was able to increase public knowledge and understanding about drug management at the household level with the hope that all residents have quality, effective, and safe medicines so that they can improve their quality of life.
 
ABSTRAK
Riset Kesehatan Dasar (2013) telah mendata sebanyak 35,2% keluarga di Indonesia menyimpan obat untuk swamedikasi. Resiko penggunaan dan pengelolaan obat yang tidak tepat dapat berupa kesalahan pengobatan (medication error) atau efek samping yang membahayakan bagi diri keluarga maupun masyarakat sekitar dan dampak finansial. Tujuan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesadaran masyarakat melalui komunikasi, informasi dan edukasi tentang pengelolaan obat ditingkat keluarga melalui program dapatkan, gunakan, simpan dan buang(Dagusibu). Pengabdian ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 14 Mei 2024 di Kelurahan Candirejo, Ungaran Barat, Kabupaten Ungaran, dengan memberikan KIE dalam rapat PKK sebanyak 25 peserta, menggunakan mediaslide. Untuk menevaluasi pengetahuan dan pemahaman dilakukan pre- dan post- test. Hasilyang didapatkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan dan pemahaman yang lebih baik (p<0,001). Pemberian KIE mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman masyarakat dalam pengelolaan obat di tingkat rumah tangga dengan harapan seluruh warga memiliki obat yang bermutu, efektif dan aman yang mampu meningkatkan kualitas hidupnya.
El derecho de los padres a decidir en la educación de sus hijos como expresión de la libertad religiosa en el Perú
Authors: Calvi del Risco José Antonio
Published: January 2025

El presente trabajo busca desarrollar el tema del derecho que tienen los padres de familia a decidir concretamente en la educación de sus hijos, teniendo como referencia principal, sus propias convicciones morales y religiosas como expresión de un modelo de familia que debe ser la base y el fin último de la sociedad. Este derecho fundamental de los padres está íntimamente relacionado con el derecho a la libertad religiosa que tienen tanto padres como hijos. Recientemente en el Perú se viene discutiendo un “proyecto de Ley” que busca reconocer de manera expresa lo que ya señala la constitución peruana otorgándole a los padres de familia el derecho a elegir la educación sexual que reciben sus hijos, frente a las nuevas ideologías en materia educativa y sexual que se imparten en los centros educativos y que muchas veces colisionan con las convicciones religiosas de la familia. Todo un desafío actual en el Perú.
El precio de la fe: Consecuencias legales y sociales de la discriminación religiosa
Authors: Alvarez Angulo Erika Giannina
Published: January 2025

En Sudamérica, Europa, África, Oriente y Asia, la discriminación religiosa presenta un reto social, legal y psicológico significativo. El análisis emplea una combinación de métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos para entender cómo la discriminación afecta la vida diaria de individuos y comunidades, limitando sus derechos y oportunidades, generando tensiones y afectando la economía. También se examina cómo esta discriminación se intensifica al combinarse con factores como el género, la raza y la clase social. 
La investigación identifica una brecha entre la protección legal de la libertad religiosa y su aplicación en la práctica. Para cerrar esta brecha, se proponen políticas inclusivas y mecanismos de control más eficaces, resaltando además la educación y el diálogo entre religiones como cimientos fundamentales de una sociedad más justa y unida.
Tolerancia religiosa, un camino aún por recorrer. Fundamentos y definición desde la perspectiva de los derechos humanos
Authors: Badillo Gutiérrez Cristian David
Published: January 2025

En un mundo globalizado, la confluencia de múltiples culturas ha propiciado la interacción de diversas religiones, por lo que se vuelve imperativo hablar de tolerancia religiosa. En este artículo, se abordará el concepto desde su definición hasta sus implicaciones, así como los fundamentos históricos y filosóficos que han sentado las bases para su comprensión en el mundo actual. Además, se hace una reflexión entre la relación de la tolerancia religiosa y otros derechos humanos, para la promoción de sociedades justas y equitativas en todo el mundo, así como su impacto para promover la cultura de paz en la actualidad. Para concluir, se reconocen las buenas prácticas en el ejercicio de la tolerancia religiosa, entre ellas las que realizan por los Consejos Interreligiosos de México, quienes son un reflejo de que la cooperación entre religiones es posible.
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN IMPLEMENTING FLIPPED CLASSROOMS IN EFL SETTINGS: A REVIEW OF CURRENT LITERATURE
Authors: Almanafi Ameen O Saleh , Md Osman Siti Zuraidah , Alghtani Rabha Hassan Hamad , Yunusa Abdullahi Abubakar
Published: January 2025

This review examines the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing flipped classrooms in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) settings, drawing on recent literature to provide a comprehensive overview of current practices and findings. The flipped classroom model, which reverses traditional teaching methods by delivering instructional content outside the classroom and engaging students in active learning during class time, presents unique advantages for EFL learners, including increased engagement, personalized learning, and enhanced language proficiency. However, the implementation of this model is not without its challenges. Issues such as digital literacy, access to technology, and the need for effective instructional design can hinder successful adoption. Additionally, educators may face resistance to change from both students and institutional frameworks. This review highlights the importance of addressing these challenges through targeted professional development, the integration of appropriate technologies, and the establishment of supportive learning environments. Furthermore, it identifies opportunities for future research, including the exploration of best practices for flipped classroom implementation and the impact of various social media platforms on language learning outcomes. By synthesizing current literature, this review aims to provide insights for educators and researchers seeking to enhance EFL instruction through innovative pedagogical approaches.
CANVASES OF RESILIENCE: EXAMINING THE EVIDENCE FOR ART THERAPY IN DIVERSE POPULATIONS AND SETTINGS FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Yusoff Mohd Imran , Ahmad Nor Shafrin
Published: January 2025

This Systematic Literature Review (SLR) aims to uncover how art therapy interventions can be useful in enhancing the quality of life of children and adolescents. In this study, 31 papers are included from the Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases from the year 2020 to 2024 following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The findings are organized into three main themes: (1) the art therapy’s effectiveness in managing emotional, behavioral, and psychological issues, (2) the application of art therapy for specific populations and settings, and (3) the multiple art therapy approaches, strategies, and assessments that were incorporated in the most recent research. The findings also indicate that art therapy interventions enhance the regulation of emotions, lessen aggression and disruptive conduct, and promote self-esteem and life in clients in different settings. The review also shows case and context specificity in the implementation of art therapy interventions for children with particular conditions and disorders. In addition, the creation and calibration of the measurement instruments also support the growth of evidence-based practice in art therapy. However, the review also points out some research limitations that need to be addressed in future studies, such as small sample sizes, short follow-up periods, and comparison with other evidence-based treatments. Thus, the SLR concludes with specific recommendations for future research and practice, marked by the necessity for more methodologically sound studies, defining the processes that contribute to art therapy effectiveness, and enhancing the accessibility of evidence-based art therapy practices.
ENHANCING EARLY BRAILLE INSTRUCTION: A QUALITATIVE NEEDS ANALYSIS FOR MODULE DEVELOPMENT IN PRESCHOOL SPECIAL EDUCATION
Authors: Awang Azizah , Abdul Rani Intan Farahana , Idris Julianty , Wahap Nur Shahidah Munirah , Kamil Rozita
Published: January 2025

The study examines the need to develop a braille early reading skills module for preschool children with visual needs. Although inclusive education has grown, the challenge still exists in providing adequate support for early braille literacy skills. Teachers in special education frequently face a lack of material and guidance to teach these skills. The study's objective is to identify the need for module construction. The study methodology involved semi-structured interviews with four Malaysian preschool visual education teachers using the McKillip Discrepancy Model. The study revenues indicate major challenges, including a lack of student interest, difficulty understanding instructions, diverse levels of student development, weak fine motor skills, and a lack of reference sources. Teachers use alphabetical and phonic methods, but braille code necessitates a more specific approach. All participants expressed an urgent need for a comprehensive module with features such as user manuals, teaching aids, customizable activities, and a focus on fine motor skills. This study contributes to the specific field of education of vision by providing the basis for the development of the necessary modules, in line with SDG 4 for quality and inclusive education. Future studies propose assessing the effectiveness of modules through experimental or longitudinal studies, as well as the involvement of larger and more diverse samples.
THE POWER OF VALUES: A COMPREHENSIVE TRAINING MODEL FOR MIDDLE LEADERS IN EDUCATION
Authors: Ahmad Nur Suhaila , Ismail Aziah , Yaakob Muhammad Nidzam , Ibrahim Nurul Nadia , Shegaram Punggothai Chandra
Published: January 2025

The educational ecosystem is at risk due to the significant value decline among educators and students, which requires innovative leadership development strategies. This endeavour aims to overcome the gaps between academic knowledge and the practical implementation of values in educational leadership. This will be achieved by developing a comprehensive training model designed explicitly for middle-level leaders. The research utilised a Modified Nominal Group Technique (NGT) with seven experts from different backgrounds to identify and prioritise essential leadership ideals. This approach was based on Al-Ghazali's ethical leadership principles and contemporary leadership theories. The study identified three key factors: Personality, Interactions and Relationships, and Actions and Work. Within each factor, self-discipline, positive psychology, and courage were shown to be the most important priority, respectively. These findings influenced the development of the Integrated Values in Leadership for the Middle Leader Team (IVFMLT) paradigm. This model highlights the interconnected relationship between personal values, interpersonal skills, and meaningful behaviours. The IVFMLT model enhances the existing body of knowledge by providing a comprehensive framework for developing leadership skills that specifically cater to the distinct issues encountered in educational environments. This research has profound implications for developing leadership training programs, which can revolutionize educational leadership practices and cultivate favorable school environments. Subsequent research should investigate the efficacy of the model in various educational settings and its enduring influence on academic achievements.
DRONE TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Mohamed Yasin Farha , Abdullah Fatin Aliah Phang , Nasir Nazri , Pusppanathan Jaysuman
Published: January 2025

Drone technology has shown a great deal of potential in transforming teaching and learning. In order to investigate the intellectual landscape around the integration of drone technology in education, this study undertakes a thorough bibliometric analysis. Various scholarly repositories were examined in detail to compile relevant papers. In the field of drone technology in education, this research presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis, examining 1,147 papers indexed in Scopus. By utilizing VOSviewer for data visualization and analysis, the research identifies key trends, influential publications and collaborative patterns in the field. The data reveals an increasing interest in using drones in a variety of educational contexts with a focus on environmental studies, STEM education and experiential learning. Moreover, the study highlights significant contributions from interdisciplinary partnerships and specialized research groups, emphasizing the interdisciplinary character of integrating drone technology into educational practices. In summary, this bibliometric investigation offers valuable insights into the present status and future trajectories of research on harnessing drone technology to enhance educational methodologies. The outcomes of this study offer valuable guidance for researchers, educators, and policymakers seeking to integrate drones into curricula, equipping students with essential skills and competencies for future careers.
SCHOOL LEADERSHIP COMPETENCY: EVALUATION AND TEACHERS' PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Ambon Josephine , Alias Bity Salwana , Mansor Azlin Norhaini
Published: January 2025

Effective school leadership is a critical element in driving educational excellence and realizing the aspirations of the national education system. However, current challenges such as rapid technological changes, 21st-century learning needs, and increasingly complex societal demands require school leaders to possess high and diverse leadership competencies. Therefore, this study aims to assess the level of headmasters' leadership competencies from the perspective of teachers in Sarawak. A total of 113 primary school teachers in Sarawak participated as respondents in this study. Data was collected through an online survey method using Google Forms. The research instrument used was the Leadership Competency Instrument (IKK) questionnaire developed by the Razak School of Government, which consists of five dimensions: ethics and spirituality, personal and social skills, management skills, leadership skills, and transformative skills. This study used a quantitative approach, and data was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 29 (SPSS). The results show that the overall level of school leadership competency is high (M=5.87, SD=0.92). In terms of dimensions, transformative skills recorded the highest mean score (M=5.90, SD=0.92), followed by the ethics and spirituality dimension (M=5.87, SD=1.06), leadership skills dimension (M=5.86, SD=0.96), management skills dimension (M=5.81, SD=1.00), and personal and social skills (M=5.71, SD=1.07). In conclusion, these findings confirm that teachers rate the leadership competencies of headmasters in Sarawak at a high level. This study has several significant implications for policymakers such as the Ministry of Education Malaysia, the Aminuddin Baki Institute, and the Educational Policy Planning and Research Division. In practical terms, the results of this study can be used as a basis for developing more effective training and professional development programs for school leaders in Sarawak. Suggestions for future research include comparative studies between other states in Malaysia to observe differences and similarities in the levels of headmasters' leadership competencies.
Postawy polityczne
Authors: Jakubowski Wojciech
Published: January 2025

DEFINICJA POJĘCIA: Jako miarodajną przyjęto strukturalną definicję postawy, zgodnie z którą można wydzielić trzy komponenty: poznawczą, afektywno-ocenną i behawioralną. Postawa polityczna natomiast to ogół względnie trwałych dyspozycji do oceniania i emocjonalnego nań reagowania, a także ewentualnie towarzyszących im przekonań i dyspozycji do działań wobec organów państwowych, partii i elit politycznych, organizacji społecznych oraz wzajemnych relacji między nimi.
ANALIZA HISTORYCZNA POJĘCIA: Za punkt wyjścia przyjęto klasyczne ujęcie Floriana Znanieckiego, definicje Gordona W. Allporta, Davida Krecha i Richarda S. Crutchfielda oraz koncepcje polskich psychologów społecznych i socjologów akcentujących wymiar strukturalny  postawy (Mika, Nowak, Mądrzycki, Marody). Na tym tle sprecyzowano operacyjną definicję postawy politycznej.
PROBLEMOWE UJĘCIE POJĘCIA: W części trzeciej zaprezentowano podstawowe zagadnienia teoretyczne – strukturę i właściwości postaw, proces zmiany postaw i problem polityczności postaw. Uzupełnieniem tego wątku jest zarysowanie modelu postawy politycznej poprzez wskazanie trzech podzakresów przedmiotowych:

ogólnych postaw wobec systemu politycznego (uznanie ustroju, ocena ogólnego wizerunku społeczno-politycznego);
postaw wobec konkretnych decyzji politycznych (faktów politycznych);
postaw wobec aparatu władzy, instytucji publicznych oraz osób je reprezentujących.

REFLEKSJA SYSTEMATYCZNA ZWNIOSKAMI I REKOMENDACJAMI: W czwartej części omówiono trójelementowy schemat analizy postaw politycznych. Wskazano perspektywy wykorzystania różnorodnego materiału analitycznego, zwłaszcza pamiętnikarstwa socjopolitycznego.
Demokracja – koncepcje, modele, uwarunkowania społeczne
Authors: Litwin Tomasz
Published: January 2025

DEFINICJA POJĘCIA: Pojęcie demokracji można definiować, opierając się na różnych rodzajach definicji: minimalistycznych, proceduralnych, substancjalnych, systemowych.
ANALIZA HISTORYCZNA POJĘCIA: W miarę upływu czasu od starożytności treść pojęcia demokracji była poszerzana i zwracano uwagę na jego coraz bardziej różnorodne aspekty znaczeniowe. Dla ugruntowania jego obecnego rozumienia szczególne zasługi mieli: Arystoteles, J. Locke, J. Stuart Mill, A. de Tocqueville, R.A. Dahl oraz G. Sartori.
UJĘCIE PROBLEMOWE POJĘCIA: Najwłaściwszym sposobem wyjaśnienia pojęcia demokracji jest ujęcie systemowe. Można również wskazać różne aspekty i typologie demokracji. Ważnymi elementami współczesnej demokracji są społeczeństwo obywatelskie oraz kapitalizm.
REFLEKSJA SYSTEMATYCZNA Z WNIOSKAMI I REKOMENDACJAMI: Przyszłość demokracji jawi się jako stabilna. Proces demokratyzacji sprawia obecnie wrażenie zatrzymanego, natomiast demokracje skonsolidowane wydają się odporne na kryzys populistyczny. Sama demokracja wymaga jednak zmian polegających głównie na zapewnieniu powszechnego dobrobytu oraz zwiększeniu partycypacji i zaangażowania społeczeństwa w obronę demokracji.
Patologie świadomości politycznej
Authors: Czerwińska-Jakimiuk Ewa
Published: January 2025

DEFINICJA POJĘCIA: Świadomość polityczna to całokształt poglądów, wiedzy, ocen i wartości oraz wzorów zachowań i postaw danego społeczeństwa odnoszących się do faktów, zjawisk i procesów życia politycznego, pozwalający poszczególnym podmiotom na orientację w rzeczywistości politycznej (funkcja poznawcza) oraz na regulację stosunków z otoczeniem (funkcja praktyczna). Przejawami patologii świadomości politycznej (czyli zakłóceń w sposobie postrzegania i interpretowania rzeczywistości) są m.in. stereotypy, uprzedzenia, nietolerancja, wieloznaczności, poznawcze domknięcie, narcyzm grupowy, syndrom myślenia grupowego, anomia.
ANALIZA HISTORYCZNA POJĘCIA: Zdefiniowaniem obszarów patologii świadomości społecznej, w tym politycznej, zajmują się psychologowie i socjologowie od wielu lat, zarówno w kontekście teoretycznym, jak i empirycznym. Ze względu na wielość omawianych jej przejawów w tej części opracowania podano przede wszystkim przykłady definicji.
UJĘCIE PROBLEMOWE POJĘCIA: W tekście skoncentrowano się na rodzajach stereotypów i uprzedzeń. Opisano koncepcję nietolerancji wieloznaczności i teorię poznawczego domknięcia, narcyzm grupowy i syndrom grupowego myślenia. Poddano również analizie teorię anomii w ujęciu É. Durkheima, R.K. Mertona oraz S. Messnera i R. Rosenfelda.
REFLEKSJA SYSTEMATYCZNA Z WNIOSKAMI I REKOMENDACJAMI: Ukazane zjawiska i problemy pozwalają na przyjęcie środków zaradczych w zakresie profilaktyki, edukacji, a w konsekwencji ich minimalizacji.
Opinia publiczna
Authors: Hess Agnieszka
Published: January 2025

DEFINICJA POJĘCIA: Opinia publiczna to dynamicznie zmieniający się stan świadomości dużych grup społecznych, składający się z poglądów i przekonań mniej lub bardziej trwałych, dotyczących spraw, których rozwiązanie ma bezpośredni lub pośredni wpływ na aktualne bądź przyszłe interesy społeczeństwa. Wyraża ona treść i dystrybuuje stanowiska, podzielane przez różne grupy społeczne. Odnosi się do kwestii, które są w dyskursie publicznym uznawane za istotne dla ogółu – najczęściej są to problemy negocjowane i wymagające negocjacji przez instytucje polityczne.
ANALIZA HISTORYCZNA POJĘCIA: Termin „opinia publiczna” zaczął być powszechnie używany pod koniec XVIII w. Był w tym okresie utożsamiany z opinią ludu, która pełniąc funkcję niepisanego prawa, stała się regulatorem stosunków międzyludzkich odzwierciedlającym obowiązujące powszechnie normy oraz wzorce zachowań. Za pierwsze ujęcie teoretyczne opinii publicznej uznaje się wydaną po raz pierwszy w 1922 roku, pracę Waltera Lipmanna zatytułowaną Public Opinion (1997).
UJĘCIE PROBLEMOWE POJĘCIA: W badaniach opinii publicznej istnieją dwa konkurujące ze sobą paradygmaty. Z jednej strony opinia publiczna ujmowana jako dyskursywny proces społeczny, z drugiej zaś rozumiana jako statystyczny rozkład preferencji.
REFLEKSJA SYSTEMATYCZNA Z WNIOSKAMI I REKOMENDACJAMI: Biorąc pod uwagę centralną rolę mediów interaktywnych we współczes­nej rzeczywistości społecznej, obecnie rozważa się zagadnienia: istnienia wielu opinii i (sub)opinii publicznych, potencjału mediów społecznościowych w procesie ekspresji i kształtowania opinii publicznej, a także wpływu algorytmizacji i zastosowania sztucznej inteligencji w obszarze kreowania postaw użytkowników internetu, jak również do ich obserwowania.
Demographic Determinants of Physical Injuries in Rawalpindi: Role of Rescue 1122
Authors: Arshad Arain Muhammad , Waqas Khan Niazi Ahsan , Atif Rana Muhammad , Ahmed Waqar
Published: January 2025

Objective: To determine demographic characteristics, patterns and causes of physical injuries encountered in Rawalpindi. 2. To access the utilization status of publically available free of cost Emergency Medical Service System of Rescue 1122. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to March 2017. Data was collected from Rescue 1122 and emergency departments of government hospitals. There were total 2556 reported injured, with no age or gender discrimination. In order to collect the information, briefly designed performas in Urdu language were circulated among the attendants of the injured and sometimes to the injured individuals. Results: Out of 2556 injuries reported during the study period, 1464 (57.30%) were due to fall from heights while 319 (12.5%) accidents were because of road crashes. Among the road crashes, the highest incidence rate for injuries was due to bikes (n=166). As evident from the study that minor injuries; mostly abrasions were most frequent compared with the rest of the types of injury. Out of 2556 cases, only 2.6% (n=67) were transported through Rescue 1122. Majority of the sufferers (27%) had to arrange a private transport to rush to the hospital. Cars were used by 18% and private ambulances by 21% to transport the injured from accident site. Conclusion: Roadside accidents comprise a significant cause of injury. In view of provision of services at the time of these mishaps, rescue 1122 service, though available free of cost, is underutilized.
Machine learning-based wavelength detection system
Authors: Kwon Ik-Hyun , Choi Yong-Joon , Ide Tomoya , Noda Toshihiko , Takahashi Kazuhiro , Sawada Kazuaki
Published: January 2025

A portable wavelength detection system has potential applications in various fields, including chemistry, biology, physics, and environmental sciences. Conventional systems rely on optical components, such as filters or slits, to separate light wavelengths, leading to complex measurement structures and challenges in miniaturization. Additionally, signals generated by light are susceptible to environmental factors and electrical interference, making traditional programming methods insufficient for accurate signal correction. To overcome these limitations, this study proposes an artificial intelligence-based filter-free wavelength sensor system that identifies wavelengths using the absorption coefficient of silicon. The proposed system consists of an analog circuit that applies signal conversion and noise reduction techniques for photocurrent from the filter-free wavelength sensor, and a microcontroller embedded with machine learning algorithms to process signals and calculate wavelengths in real-time. The system can detect central wavelengths in the 400–700 nm range, even with variations in light intensity, and corrects signals using embedded machine learning data. The system demonstrated the ability to identify wavelengths with a 1.74% error rate, even when light intensities varied between 0.20, 0.25, and 0.30 mW cm−2. By leveraging the absorption coefficient of silicon and machine learning algorithms, a system has been developed that enables real-time wavelength detection regardless of changes in light intensity.
Foot Massage Influences Circulation Fluctuations in the Event of Chronic Failure Edema of the Foot
Authors: Sahran Sahran , Nugroho Nehru , Annisa Rahma
Published: January 2025

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is an irreversible kidney condition. One of the clinical symptoms of CKD is leg edema, which, if left untreated, causes discomfort, immobility, risk of falling, and skin problems. Foot edema in CKD patients can be alleviated using both pharmaceutical and non-pharmacological treatments, one of which is foot massage. The study aimed to investigate the effect of foot massage on the circumference of leg edema in CKD patients. It used quantitative methodologies with a quasi-experimental design for one group pretest-posttest. The sampling method employed was purposive sampling. A sample of 18 persons was taken from the Hemodialysis unit of RSUD Dr. M. Yunus Bengkulu. The data collection strategy consisted of documenting the results of measuring the circumference of leg edema using Medline before and after the intervention, which was carried out for 20 minutes on both legs over three days. Data will be evaluated univariately and bivariately with the Paired Test to determine the effect of foot massage on leg edema. The study found that 72.2% of respondents were female, and the average circumference of left leg edema before and after intervention was 21.66 cm and 21.02 cm, respectively. The average circumference of right leg edema before and after intervention was 21.74 and 21.07 cm. The study found that foot massage significantly influenced the circumference of leg edema before and after the intervention, with a P value of 0.000 (P<0.005) for both legs. The study's findings can be used by nurses to guide nursing interventions/actions, particularly for CKD patients with posthemodialysis edema.
An Examination of the Depiction of Nude Scholars in Ancient Chinese Painting: A Semiotic Analysis Based on Peirce’s Triadic Sign Theory
Authors:   The Society For Chinese Humanities In Korea, SUI CHENGLONG , Kim Won-Kyung
Published: January 2025

The portrayal of nude scholars occupies a distinctive position within the annals of Chinese art history, functioning not only as a representation of the scholars' quotidian lifestyles but also as a manifestation of their spiritual aspirations and philosophical doctrines. Nonetheless, extant scholarship has predominantly emphasized the surface-level visual representations, thereby neglecting an in-depth exploration of the underlying symbolic significances inherent in this imagery. This study employs a semiotic framework to elucidate the intricacies of the nude scholar motif as a cultural signifier and its emblematic functions within historical contexts. The primary objective is to dissect the symbolic roles of nude scholars across multiple dimensions utilizing Charles Sanders Peirce’s triadic sign theory—comprising icons, indexes, and symbols—to unveil the cultural ideologies encapsulated within these representations. Methodologically, this research integrates semiotic theory with empirical analyses of selected cases from ancient Chinese paintings, facilitating a stratified examination of the sign structures associated with nude scholars and their interpretative meanings within their cultural milieus. The findings indicate that the depiction of nude scholars, through iconography, mirrors the authentic states of scholarly existence, thereby embodying notions of liberty and nonconformity; as indexes, their integration with natural landscapes signifies the profound interrelationship between scholars and the natural world, advocating a lifestyle liberated from mundane constraints; and as symbols, the nude scholar transcends mere physical depiction to encapsulate the intellectual and emotional ethos of the scholars. The significance of this study lies in its contribution to the expansion of the symbolic paradigms within ancient Chinese painting through a semiotic lens, offering novel perspectives for traditional art historical research. Furthermore, the semiotic methodology not only enriches the comprehension of the nude scholar archetype but also furnishes a robust methodological framework for the interdisciplinary study of art history and cultural symbolism, thereby illuminating the complex interplay between symbols and cultural narratives in ancient Chinese art.
The Cultural Identity of Chinese Characters and Their Reinterpretation in Modern Society - Focusing on Korea, China and Japan
Authors:   The Society For Chinese Humanities In Korea, Kwak Hyun Suk
Published: January 2025

The primary aim of this paper is to analyze how Chinese characters are reinterpreted in modern society and to examine how this process affects the cultural identity of Chinese characters, whether through change or continuity. Chinese characters have long been a central element in shaping East Asian cultural identity, carrying symbolic significance that transcends their linguistic and written functions. In contemporary society, however, Chinese characters have evolved beyond being mere tools of communication; they are now powerful cultural symbols used in mass media, commercial design, and brand marketing.
This paper seeks to explore the modern roles and reinterpretation processes of Chinese characters, aiming to answer how their cultural identity is being reconstructed in today’s society. Through this analysis, it will also broaden understanding of the significance of Chinese characters not only in East Asian societies but also within a global context. Furthermore, it will delve into how the traditional values of Chinese characters are transformed and embraced within modern content. By examining how the cultural symbolism and identity of Chinese characters can be preserved and developed in contemporary media environments, this paper will promote discussions on the sustainability of Chinese character culture.
Examining the possibility of a representing the “A general theory of Novel” that will oversee the discourse of Chinese Modern Literature : Based on Guan, Da-Ru’s ｢Shuo xiaoshuo(說小說)｣ and Lü, Si-Mian’s ｢Xiaoshuo conghua(小說叢話)｣
Authors:   The Society For Chinese Humanities In Korea, Jeong Hae Lee
Published: January 2025

This paper is part of a study on the literary discourse of this period, which was shaped by a series of discussions on the novel after the rediscovery of the novel from the values of the times in modern China. Therefore, this paper examines the possibility of establishing a representative 'general theory of the novel' to oversee the literary discourse of modern China amidst a series of discussions to build a modern Chinese literary theory.
To this end, this study examines the main theses of Guan, Da-Ru and Lü, Si-Mian's theses, using 『Shosetsu Shinzui(小說神髓)』 as a representative modern literary theory work in Japan, and Guan Da-Ru(管達如)'s ｢Shuo xiaoshuo(說小說｣ and Lü, Si-Mian(呂思勉)'s ｢Xiaoshuo conghua(小說叢話)｣ as comparable Chinese fiction theses.
First, we compare the categories of discussion between ｢Shuo xiaoshuo(說小說)｣ and ｢Xiaoshuo conghua(小說叢話)｣, and then examine the themes of 『Shosetsu Shinzui(小說神髓)』 for reference. The main themes of both Guan, Da-Ru and Lü, Si-Mian's papers, namely the nature, typology, and creation of the novel, are then analyzed in terms of the synthesis and limitations of the existing discourse. In conclusion, the paper discusses the status and significance of ｢Shuo xiaoshuo(說小說)｣, ｢Xiaoshuo conghua(小說叢話)｣ as a comprehensive theory of modern Chinese fiction.
An Initial Exploration of the Transmission of Anciently Adapted Poems in Taiwan - Focusing on the Topic of “Poems Recorded for Mao Zedong”
Authors:   The Society For Chinese Humanities In Korea, Hsu Huai-chih
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the formation and dissemination of the recordings of “Poems Recorded for Mao Zedong” from 1975, as described in the autobiographies of Yue Meiti and Cai Yaoxi. With the publication of the Kunqu Art Encyclopedia Audio-Visual Collection, scholars now have greater opportunities to personally listen to these highly pleasant poetry recordings.The “Kunqu Art Compendium Audio-Visual Collection” includes a set of recordings of lyrics and songs produced by relevant central departments for Mao Zedong. Many of the original scores were derived from the “Jiugong Dacheng Southern and Northern Ci Score” and the “Suijin Ci Score”. These recordings were performed by renowned actors such as Yue Meiti, Cai Yaoxian, and Li Yuanhua in 1975-1976. Later, Li Yuanhua and Cai Yaoxian included many of the poems and lyrics they learned at that time in their individual albums. These recordings eventually made their way through Hong Kong to Taiwan, where they were sung in university competitions under the “University Joint Poetry Recitations” from the 1980s to the early 2000s. Some pieces are still performed today, becoming classic songs passed down orally among poetry societies at various universities in Taiwan.