bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecosemantics of the geopolitical space
Authors: Tyernovaya Lyudmila
Published: February 2020

2017 was declared the year of ecology in the Russian Federation. Its purpose is to attract public attention to the issues of environmental development of the country, conservation of biological diversity and environmental safety. This can be achieved by restoring not only the connection of man with nature, but also the knowledge of its language — codes of trees, flowers, and animals, which form one of the foundations of the world picture, lost over a long period of industrial development. The monograph reveals the content of these codes, which allows us to better understand the processes that occur in the natural environment and affect the strategies and behavior of international actors.
The book is addressed to specialists in the field of geopolitics, international relations, cultural studies, as well as readers who are interested in environmental problems of modern world development.
The Interplay Between Obfuscation and Prominence in Price Comparison Platforms
Authors: Mamadehussene Samir
Published: February 2020

This paper analyzes price comparison platforms’ equilibrium design of their search environments, namely the order under which firms are displayed (having a prominent firm or listing firms randomly) and how much price complexity firms are able to use. It is found that (1) the possibility to obfuscate amplifies firms’ willingness to pay for the prominent position; (2) when platforms sell prominence, they optimally allow for more obfuscation than they would if they were to display firms randomly; and (3) if platforms are sufficiently differentiated, they find it optimal to sell prominence. Thus, platforms exploit their market power over consumers by implementing a prominent position and allowing for large levels of obfuscation. This paper also finds that in equilibrium, there is tension between platforms and firms regarding how much price complexity is used: firms would like to use even more obfuscation than what the platform allows, so the platform must monitor firms’ prices to make sure that they are not excessively complex.

This paper was accepted by Juanjuan Zhang, marketing.
The specialist dermatology nurse: providing expert care to patients
Authors: Lawton Sandra
Published: February 2020

Sandra Lawton, Nurse Consultant, Dermatology, Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust, describes the wide variety of work undertaken by nurses specialising in dermatology
The diagnosis and management of a patient with acute pyelonephritis
Authors: Hudson Carly , Mortimore Gerri
Published: February 2020

Lower urinary tract infections account for more than 224 000 hospital admissions each year and nearly all of these have the pathophysiological possibility to develop into pyelonephritis, known clinically as an upper urinary tract infection. Acute pyelonephritis is characterised by inflammation of the renal parenchyma caused by bacteriuria ascending from the bladder, up the ureters to the kidneys. Effective history taking, combined with refined physical examination skills, are the two most powerful tools to differentiate upper and lower urinary tract infections as well as assisting the practitioner to exclude other differential diagnoses. Utilisation of these skills by the practitioner, together with the recognised presenting symptom triad of flank pain, fever and nausea in this case study, enabled the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis to be given.
Investigating intercultural effectiveness of paediatric nurses in a Turkish hospital
Authors: Yılmaz Medine , Sarı Hatice Yıldırım , Ünlü Meltem , Yetim Perihan
Published: February 2020

Background:

Cultural competence, an important part of patient-centred care, has been on the nursing agenda for many years.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to measure the intercultural effectiveness level of paediatric nurses, and to explore relationships between the level of intercultural effectiveness and some sociodemographic variables in paediatric nurses.

Method:

The study was conducted at İzmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital's children's clinics in Turkey. A convenience sample of 98 paediatric registered nurses practising at the hospital was evaluated. To collect the study data, a sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire, a Cultural Approach in Nursing Care form and the Intercultural Effectiveness Scale (IES) were used.

Results:

The participating paediatric nurses' intercultural effectiveness levels were moderate, the problem they experienced most was the language problem and although many of them had not received adequate training in cultural care, based on their experiences, they regarded themselves as culturally competent.

Conclusion:

Cultural competence is vital in multi-ethnic and multicultural societies. Cultural competence training should be provided to nurses during nurse education, or in-service training during their professional life.
Catheter lock solutions to prevent CVAD-related infection
Authors: Gabriel Janice A
Published: February 2020

Demand for vascular access devices to meet the clinical needs of patients has increased dramatically in recent years, with a disproportionate increase in the numbers of individuals requiring a central venous access device (CVAD). With this increasing number of patients becoming recipients of CVADs globally each year, the associated incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) is also increasing. In addition, there is strong evidence to demonstrate that antimicrobial resistance is a global challenge. There is a need to change the approach to CVAD management and get back to basics through a clearer understanding of how the incidence of CRBSIs can be reduced. This includes the role of biofilm and how its development can be inhibited through the use of an effective lock solution, and the avoidance of antibiotics.
Reducing delays to administration of prothrombin complex concentrate in patients with vitamin K antagonist-related intracerebral haemorrhage
Authors: Marrinan Elizabeth , Chen Lucia , Werring David , Turner David
Published: February 2020

Background/aims

Four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate is the first-line treatment in vitamin K antagonist-related intracerebral haemorrhage. Early administration is associated with improved patient outcomes. A quality improvement project investigated delays in prothrombin complex concentrate administration in vitamin K antagonist-related intracerebral haemorrhage in order to reduce the time from computed tomography scan confirming intracerebral haemorrhage to prothrombin complex concentrate administration (scan-to-needle time).

Method

Twenty patients were identified by retrospective audit over a 3-year period. The median scan-to-needle time for prothrombin complex concentrate was 156 minutes. Several points of delay were identified, including contacting both haematology and transfusion departments for prothrombin complex concentrate dosing and dispensing. Following this audit, interventions were brought in which included the introduction of a protocol with a prothrombin complex concentrate dosing algorithm, negating the need to contact haematology before administration. A dedicated supply of prothrombin complex concentrate was given to the stroke unit avoiding the need to contact the transfusion service.

Results

A re-audit showed a 68% reduction in median scan-to-needle time from 156 minutes to 49 minutes. Prospective data collection is ongoing.
PHONOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF DIMINUTIVE MARKER -WAA IN MAGAHI.
Authors: ATREYA Lata , SINHA Sweta
Published: February 2020

Diminutives are universal linguistic features generally affixed to a root and modified to convey a slighter degree of its root meaning along with a range of possible meanings that get attached to them like conveying intimacy or endearment, smallness of the object, inferiority in quality, gender largely feminine and so on. Languages have diminutives to convey all or some of the meanings listed above. In many languages, formation of diminutives by adding suffixes is a productive process.
In Magahi (an Indo Aryan language) too diminutives are suffixes that are attached to the root modifying its meaning to serve a range of grammatical functions. Of all the diminutives in Magahi -waa seems to be the most frequent and dynamic because of its allomorphs. Interestingly, the investigation of the underlying phonological processes helps one to understand the accommodating and the dynamic nature of this suffix with regards to its grammaticalization.
STANDARD LANGUAGE DISTRIBUTION IN LINGUISTIC ATLAS OF JAPAN (LAJ) AND LIMESTONE CAVE MODEL:
Authors: INOUE Fumio
Published: February 2020

This paper presents a novel technique of showing the railway distance on a real map. Standard Japanese words were grouped into several categories to explain their historical distribution patterns. The influence of the old capital, Kyoto, was significant in the historical development of Japanese, against popular belief that Tokyo speech is the base of the standard language. It has already been shown that the railway distance is effective for explanation of regional differences in dialect. By taking the railway distances from Tokyo and Kyoto as a clue, and by plotting usage values laterally left-to-right on the graph allowed straight-forward visual interpretation of the East-West distribution throughout the Japanese Archipelago. In this paper, we report on the further results of application of two attempts. (1) We used past data on railway distance, comparing the railway distance data in 1980 and in 1910. The railway distance in 1910 showed closer correlation with the standard form usage rate than that of 1980. The correlation coefficient of the railway distance from Kyoto was low. However, it suggested a lot about the correspondence with the actual geographical distribution pattern. (2) The display method was improved. We superimposed a line graph reflecting the standard form usage rate and railway distance on a map of Japan. By visualizing this relationship, it became possible to intuitively understand the correspondence of standardization with traffic conditions and so on. We were also able to interpret the results from (1) above, and we discussed the theoretical possibilities related to railway distance. This analysis made it possible to see two peaks, one at Kyoto and one at Tokyo, for the propagation rate of standard Japanese on the basis of the railway distance. We also explored the possibility of applying the “limestone cave model” to other phenomena. We examine the possibility that geographical location can be used in interpreting the historical diffusion process.
Memories Are Made of This: Rainer Werner Fassbinder’s Veronika Voss
Authors: J. Cardullo Robert
Published: February 2020

This article is a re-viewing of Veronika Voss in the context of global cinema, German cinema, and R. W. Fassbinder’s oeuvre, in particular the FRG trilogy (on Germany’s postwar economic miracle) of which this film forms a part along with The Marriage of Maria Braun and Lola.
67 Festival de Cine de San Sebastián. Nuevas miradas sobre la Guerra Civil
Authors: Rubio Pobes Coro
Published: February 2020

Pacificado, una producción brasileña dirigida por Paxton Winters (Texas, 1972) ha sido la triunfadora del 67 Festival Internacional de Cine de San Sebastián: Concha de Oro a la mejor película, Concha de Plata al Mejor Actor y Premio del Jurado a la mejor fotografía, pulverizando las quinielas y desconcertando a buena parte de la prensa desplazada al festival, que ha acogido con frialdad la resolución de un jurado presidido por Neil Jordan. Este y otros films que han concursado en la Sección Oficial de la edición de 2019 de este festival, protagonizada por dos buenos films sobre la Guerra Civil española, así como otros de singular interés historiográfico que se han proyectado en otras secciones de él, son comentados en este artículo.
Sitges ’2019. 52 Festival Internacional de Cine Fantástico de Catalunya
Authors: J. Valencia Javier
Published: February 2020

Desde hace bastantes ediciones que el Festival de cine de Sitges ha querido apostar por ofrecer al espectador la mayor cantidad de película posibles, conformando año tras año un programa de más de 100 cintas, llegando este año a unas 170 aproximadamente (35 en competición). La experiencia vuelve a cautivar a aquellas personas que se dejen llevar por su locura continua, y es verdaderamente algo que muchos de nosotros y nosotras ansiamos repetir año tras año.
El japonismo de Star Wars
Authors: Míguez Santa Cruz Antonio
Published: February 2020

El universo de Star Wars es tan popular que prácticamente se ha estudiado desde todas las perspectivas posibles. Sin embargo, la enorme cantidad de referencias visuales o filosóficas que conviven escondidas tras los atrezzos, los vestuarios, o el mismo guion de George Lucas, nos parece una asignatura pendiente a la hora de comprender completamente la profundidad de la afamada saga galáctica.En este caso, nosotros nos ocuparemos de comprobar hasta qué punto existe el japonismo en Star Wars, analizando las influencias o códigos procedentes del país del sol naciente más allá del obvio caso del yelmo de Darth Vader. Así pues, ¿tuvo tanta influencia La fortaleza escondida de Kurosawa en su concepción?; ¿son los jedi un trasunto de los guerreros samurái? O ¿son la Fuerza y el budismo más semejantes de lo que a priori podríamos creer? Sobre esas y otras muchas cuestiones girarán las siguientes páginas.
La Revolución rusa en el cine: un análisis comparativo
Authors: Bueno Urritzelki Mikel
Published: February 2020

El presente trabajo es un ensayo acerca de las revoluciones que se dieron en Rusia en el año 1905 y las de febrero y octubre de 1917. El análisis se sustenta en filmografía conmemorativa realizada en la Unión Soviética en las décadas de 1920 y 1930. Se incluyen también dos producciones estadounidenses muy posteriores en el tiempo, con las cuales se hace una comparativa.
Entrepreneurial and innovation ecosystems: Ibero-American perspective
Authors: Valls-Pasola Jaume , Reyes Álvarez Juan
Published: February 2020

This article introduces the special issue of the Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business about entrepreneurial and innovation ecosystems. It sums ups significant changes that have taken place in the world of business innovation and entrepreneurship in recent years. Start-ups are growing at the centre of a change of paradigm where connections and global networks are key in order to develop new and disruptive technologies. In such a framework, this article presents the nine contributions of this special issue that provide research results related to the topic of entrepreneurial and innovation ecosystems from an Ibero-American perspective.
Strategies of innovation and appropriation. Sectoral analysis of Argentine manufacturing firms
Authors: Petelski Natalia , Milesi Darío , Verre Vladimiro
Published: February 2020

Following the evolutionary and neoshumpeterian theoretical framework, this research studies how the appropriation strategy of firms is formed in different industrial sector and what factors explain the use of the mechanisms that firms use to protect their innovations. The analysis is based on evidence from Argentine manufacturing firms surveyed by the National Survey of Employment Dynamics and Innovation (ENDEI) for 2010-2012. The results of the statistical analysis allow to identify three clusters at the sectoral level with differentiated characteristics in terms of their innovation activities and business conformation. The cluster of high innovative activity shows a greater incidence of the use of secrecy and patents, while the cluster of low innovative activity presents a greater use of complementary assets and first mover. The econometric analysis (Probit models) shows different effects of the factors considered (type of effort and innovative results, capabilities, linkages, structural factors) on the mechanism used, showing that the appropriation strategy is an emerging of innovation process and differs according to the sectoral cluster considered. The type of innovative effort affects only the appropriation strategy of the high and low innovative activity clusters; while the structural factors of firms explain only the appropriation strategy of sectors of high and medium innovative activity.
Implicacions dels coneixements de matemàtiques en els estudiants de nou accés a graus universitaris d’economia i empresa
Authors: Esparza Masana Ricard , Márquez Cebrián Dolors
Published: February 2020

L’article presenta l’estudi de les implicacions de les matemàtiques als estudis universitaris de grau en l’àmbit de l’economia i empresa, i ho fa a través de l’anàlisi empírica de les característiques dels estudiants de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona que van accedir als graus de la Facultat d’Economia i Empresa el curs 2018/2019. Seguint l’ordre cronològic del pas dels estudis pre-universitaris als universitaris, l’article analitza, sempre lligant-ho a les matemàtiques i en el context d’aquests graus, el sistema educatiu previ a la universitat, els cursos de suport que ofereixen les facultats abans de l’inici dels graus i el coneixement i l’opinió envers les matemàtiques just en el moment d’iniciar els graus. També s’estudia com aquests aspectes es relacionen amb els resultats a les assignatures de matemàtiques dels graus. Addicionalment, es discuteix el posicionament del personal docent respecte aquest tema. Tota aquesta informació ens permet finalment definir una segmentació d’estudiants per als quals es poden dissenyar iniciatives ad hoc de suport a cada tipologia d’alumnes.
Contents and limits of horizontal teaching coordination among teachers of 1st year of the Law Degree
Authors: Turull Max , Albertí Enoch , Díaz Aitor , García Rosa María , Giménez Antonio , González Markus , Joshi Ujala , Moll de Alba Lacuve Chantal , Panero Patricia
Published: February 2020

El treball indica en primer lloc el context acadèmic i docent actual postbolonya i subratlla la importància que la literatura ha atorgat a la constitució dels equips docents per a la millora de l'ensenyament universitari. A continuació es descriuen 12 accions concretes i tangibles que donen contingut a una experiència reiterada de coordinació docent entre el professorat de totes les assignatures d'un grup classe de primer curs de Dret. Es tracta de les següents actuacions: constitució com a grup o equip docent i establiment de canals de comunicació ràpids i àgils; disseny i presentació d'un programa docent conjunt semestral; programació d'una activitat composta d'avaluació continuada conjunta cada semestre; implantació d'un pla de lectures comunes; proposta d'un pla d'activitats complementàries; realització d'un treball acadèmic o d'investigació integrat; redacció d’un thesaurus essencial de cada assignatura; coordinació en les dates de les proves d'AC; celebració d'un claustre final d'avaluació; altres iniciatives menors, com torn d'incidències d'exàmens comú i establiment d'un espai d'anàlisi i debat conjunt. Finalment els autors ofereixen una valoració positiva però crítica de l'experiència a manera de conclusions. Més enllà dels èxits aconseguits, que redunden sens dubte en una millora docent, també s'assenyalen els límits d'aquest tipus d'iniciatives en un context marcat per plans d'estudi que malgrat la seva renovació segueixen encasellant assignatures i matèries i no es plantegen a fons quins són els autèntics objectius que persegueix la titulació.
La competencia comunicativa en materias de finanzas y seguros: las infografías
Authors: Castañer Garriga Anna , Claramunt Bielsa M. Mercè , Martínez de Albéniz Javier
Published: February 2020

Els nous plans d'estudis en les universitats espanyoles s'estructuren a partir de l'especificació de les competències associades al títol. Freqüentment s'estableix com una competència a assolir la comunicació efectiva a un públic especialitzat o no especialitzat de determinats continguts. En aquest article s'estudien les infografies com a estratègia d'aprenentatge per analitzar i aprofundir en les competències comunicatives dels estudiants, aplicades a l'ensenyament de les finances i les assegurances.
Adecuando el aprendizaje a los requerimientos de la industria: una actividad de aprendizaje basado en proyectos
Authors: Manresa Alba , Gil-Doménech Dolors , Berbegal-Mirabent Jasmina
Published: February 2020

Són nombrosos els estudis que clamen per una major adequació de l'aprenentatge a les competències requerides pel mercat laboral. Aquestes competències que s'han de desenvolupar durant l'etapa estudiantil inclouen tant competències tècniques (coneixements) com transversals (p.e. la creativitat, l'esperit crític, o el treball en equip). Com a resposta a aquest requeriment per part de l'empresa, cada vegada són més les universitats que aposten per l'ús intensiu de les metodologies d'aprenentatge actiu, les quals han demostrat ajudar al foment d'aquestes competències en l'alumnat. Aquest estudi se situa precisament en aquest context. Concretament, es presenta una experiència d'aprenentatge basat en projectes en la qual participen estudiants del Màster Universitari en Direcció d'Empreses i Sistemes de Producció de la Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (Barcelona, Espanya) i que busca, com a objectiu últim, el desenvolupament d'algunes de les competències que els estudiants necessitaran aplicar en el món laboral.
Com ha de ser un bon mestre? Una mirada des de la psicologia positiva.
Authors: Gustems Carnicer Josep , Calderon Caterina
Published: February 2020

This paper considers the characteristics of a good teacher, by drawing from an analysis of interviews with twenty experts whose experience in the Catalan education system straddles different stages of education and types of school centre. The experts’ responses were analysed according to the empirical and theoretical principles of Positive Psychology, using Peterson and Seligman’s “Character Strengths and Virtues” handbook (2004) to create a competency profile of the personal and social traits and skills that can guarantee teachers a degree of success. The results were also analysed according to the interviewees’ demographic and professional variables and compared with results obtained in similar research. One finding was that the reality of education students’ degree courses often fell short of their expectations. For this reason, the article concludes by proposing resources to reinforce the development of certain personal and social traits and abilities in education degrees, both in the course content of faculties of education and in tutorial action plans.
Polar-groups-modified polyimide based on a fiber Bragg grating for relative humidity sensors
Authors: Wu Heng , Sun Tengpeng , Peng Jiankun , Dai Jixiang , Yang Minghong
Published: February 2020

In this work, the effect of the polar groups modified polyimide fiber Bragg grating relative humidity sensor was studied. Polyimide films containing different polar groups were deposited on fiber Bragg gratings by an impregnating method to form different relative humidity (RH) sensors. The experimental results show that the addition of a carboxyl group and a hydroxyl group in the synthesis could improve the humidity sensitivity (2.28 and 1.59 times, respectively) from 35% RH–95% RH. The sensor based on modified polyimide still has good linear response to humidity and temperature. In addition, the sensors containing a carboxyl group and a hydroxyl group can shorten the response time of the humidity sensor and improve the stability of the sensor at the same time.
30  W single-frequency continuous-wave master oscillator power amplifier laser at 1342  nm
Authors: Liu Xu-Chao , Zhang Feng-Feng , Wang Zhi-Min , Zong Nan , Bo Yong , Peng Qin-Jun , Xu Zu-Yan
Published: February 2020

We present a power-scalable high-power single-frequency continuous-wave 1342 nm master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) system that consists of a polarized single-frequency 1342 nm LD seed laser, a Raman fiber preamplifier, and a three-stage

N
d

:

Y
V
O

4

power amplifier. The single-frequency output power of 30 W at 1342 nm is achieved with the beam quality factors

M

2

=

1

.

26

, and the power stability for 1 h is better than

±

0

.

5

%

.
Optical coherence tomography imaging of plant root growth in soil
Authors: Larimer Curtis J. , Denis Elizabeth H. , Suter Jonathan D. , Moran James J.
Published: February 2020

Complex interactions between roots and soil provide the nutrients and
physical support required for robust plant growth. Yet, visualizing
the root–soil interface is challenged by soil’s opaque scattering
characteristics. Herein, we describe methods for using optical
coherence tomography (OCT) to provide non-destructive 3D and
cross-sectional root imaging not available with traditional
bright-field microscopy. OCT is regularly used for bioimaging,
especially in ophthalmology, where it can detect retinal
abnormalities. Prior use of OCT in plant biology has focused on
surface defects of above-ground tissues, predominantly in food crops.
Our results show OCT is also viable for detailed, in situ study of living plant roots. Using OCT for direct
observations of root growth in soil can help elucidate key
interactions between root morphology and various components of the
soil environment including soil structure, microbial communities, and
nutrient patches. Better understanding of these interactions can guide
efforts to improve plant nutrient acquisition from soil to increase
agricultural efficiency as well as better understand drivers of plant
growth in natural systems.
Magnetic sensor based on serial-tilted-tapered optical fiber for weak-magnetic-field measurement
Authors: Lu Liang , Miao Yinping , Zhang Hongmin , Li Bin , Fei Chengwei , Zhang Kailiang
Published: February 2020

An optical fiber magnetic field sensor based on serial-tilted-tapered fiber (STTF) integrated with magnetic fluid is proposed. The compact STTF structure consists of two closely tilted-tapered fibers with a length of approximately 836 µm, which results in stronger mode coupling. The transmission characteristics of the proposed sensor under different magnetic field intensities (MFIs) have been studied. The results show that the proposed structure has an outstanding response to MFI and that the highest sensitivity is 32.67 pm/Oe in wavelength and 0.0336 dB/Oe in transmission in the range of 0–75 Oe. The minimum resolution of the proposed sensor is up to 0.6734 Oe. These types of sensors have great potential application in weak magnetic field measurements due to their compact structure and good sensing performance.
Practical, rapid, and process-on-place polymer-free cladding power stripping for high power fiber lasers
Authors: Adam Abdulhamit , Kiyat Isa , Kalyoncu Salih K.
Published: February 2020

We have studied polymer-free cladding power strippers for high-power fiber laser applications. A practical, rapid, and process-on-place chemical etching technique is presented to form surface roughness for efficient removal of the cladding light. The technique is methodically studied and performance contours are determined for frequently used 130, 250, and 400 µm double-clad fibers. The stripping efficiency and the thermal performance of the fabricated strippers are investigated with respect to such process parameters as etching time and etched fiber length. At least 15 dB attenuation with

<

0.045

(
∘

C

/

W

)

thermal slope is demonstrated for all fiber types. To show the power scalability of the proposed technique,

∼

600

W

power is stripped with an ultra-low thermal slope of

∼

0.021

(
∘

C

/

W

)

over a 400 µm fiber.
Deep learning in single-molecule microscopy: fundamentals, caveats, and recent developments [Invited]
Authors: Möckl Leonhard , Roy Anish R. , Moerner W. E.
Published: February 2020

Deep learning-based data analysis methods have gained considerable attention in all fields of science over the last decade. In recent years, this trend has reached the single-molecule community. In this review, we will survey significant contributions of the application of deep learning in single-molecule imaging experiments. Additionally, we will describe the historical events that led to the development of modern deep learning methods, summarize the fundamental concepts of deep learning, and highlight the importance of proper data composition for accurate, unbiased results.
Opening up ROADMs: a filterless add/drop module for coherent-detection signals
Authors: Kundrát Jan , Havliš Ondřej , Radil Jan , Jedlinský Jaroslav , Vojtěch Josef
Published: February 2020

We present an open design of a filterless add/drop reconfigurable
optical add/drop multiplexer module with a NETCONF northbound
interface. Compared to commercial offerings, the device design is
openly documented and available for detailed inspection. Performance
is evaluated with up to seven adjacent high-speed 100 Gbps signals on
a 50 GHz frequency grid.
Rotation velocity detection with orbital angular momentum light spot completely deviated out of the rotation center
Authors: Zhang Zijing , Cen Longzhu , Zhang Jiandong , Hu Junyan , Wang Feng , Zhao Yuan
Published: February 2020

Based on the rotational Doppler effect, an orbital angular momentum beam can measure the lateral rotation velocity of an object, which has broad application prospects. However, all existing research focus on the light spot center coinciding with the rotation center, or only with small center offset. This is difficult to ensure in remote detection applications. In this paper, the rotational Doppler frequency shifts under three cases, including no center offset, small center offset and large center offset, are analyzed theoretically. Through theoretical research results, a novel method of measuring rotation velocity is proposed, with the light spot completely deviated out of the rotation center. A laboratory verification experiment shows that this proposed method breaks the limit of center offset of lateral rotation velocity measurement and is of great significance to the remote detection of non-cooperative rotation object.
Study of optical fiber cryogenic temperature sensor for quench detection of high temperature superconductors
Authors: Li Xuefeng , Qian Chunya , Shen Runjie , Xiao Hui , Ye Song
Published: February 2020

In this study, a new processing design of an optical fiber cryogenic temperature sensor (OFCTS) is presented. The sensing unit is constituted by NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+@NaYF4 core-shell upconversion nanocrystals-polymethyl methacrylate (UCNCs-PMMA) nanocomposites. The coupling is achieved by fiber fusion in the embodiment. The relative sensitivity of the OFCTS can reach the maximal value 13.241×10−3 K−1 at 80 K in a cryogenic environment, and stability is good with a standard deviation of 0.012. Research results show that the proposed OFCTS has good temperature responses at the cryogenic environment, and has a great potential of the superconducting application for generator, transmission line, maglev train and quantum interferometer.
Reshaping enhancement of gold nanorods by femtosecond double-pulse laser
Authors: Zhu Dezhi , Yan Jianfeng , Xie Jiawang
Published: February 2020

Gold nanorod (Au NR) is an attractive material due to its superior physical and chemical properties. Various applications in diagnostics and biomedicine have been demonstrated. The single-pulse laser is commonly used to reshape nanoparticles in a solvent; however, the laser-material reaction mechanisms underlying nanoparticle reshaping remain unclear. Here, we report the reshaping of Au NRs by ultrafast pump-probe-like double-pulse laser irradiation to understand the reaction dynamics. We demonstrate the enhancement of double-pulse–induced reshaping, which provides an opportunity to design new Au NR structures. It shows that the reshaping enhancement is dependent on the delay time (

τ
s

) between a pair of separated pulses. The absorption peak wavelength of Au NRs exposed to the shaped double pulse was lower than that of using a single pulse of the same total fluence when

τ
s

was less than the electron–phonon relaxation time. This phenomenon was mainly attributed to changes in electronic heat transport and electron–phonon coupling, which affected the pulse delay-dependent nanorod (NR) temperature.
Nonlinear characterization of silica and chalcogenide microresonators: erratum
Authors: Zhu Jiangang , Zohrabi Mo , Bae Kyuyoung , Horning Thomas M. , Grayson Michael B. , Park Wounjhang , Gopinath Juliet T.
Published: February 2020

This erratum corrects typographical errors that appeared in Eqs. (1.1) and (1.2) of our earlier paper
[Optica
6, 716 (2019)OPTIC82334-253610.1364/OPTICA.6.000716.
Innovationsnetzwerke als Treiber für Wissenschaft-Praxis-Kooperationen: Ein Erfahrungsbericht
Authors: Kammler Friedemann , Schoormann Thorsten , Fuchs Alexander , Mauruschat Achim , Thomas Oliver , Knackstedt Ralf
Published: February 2020

Die Kooperation von Wissenschaft und Praxis in anwendungsorientierten Förderprojekten ist zu einem wesentlichen Instrument der Forschung avanciert und intensiviert den Austausch von realen Problemstellungen und innovativen Lösungsansätzen. Themenschwerpunkte, die ein hohes Innovationspotenzial aufweisen, aber noch unscharf diskutiert sind, stellen jedoch klassische Kooperationsformen vor neue Herausforderungen: Einerseits wird die Konzeption eines Projekts vom geringen Kenntnisstand erschwert, andererseits sorgt die geringere Erfolgssicherheit für eine abnehmende Investitionsbereitschaft industrieller Partner. So kann die Forschung um „Künstlichen Intelligenzen“ als Beispiel genannt werden, deren hohe Komplexität im Feld der Kleinen und Mittelständischen Unternehmen eingangs Hemmungen verursachte. Um diesen Herausforderungen zu begegnen, berichtet der vorliegende Beitrag von Erfahrungen, die aus einer dreijährigen Kooperation von sechs Hochschulen und über 30 Praxispartnern in der Form eines Innovationsnetzwerkes gesammelt wurden. Dabei werden zunächst typische Akteure und deren Aufgabenfelder (z. B. Wissenschaftspartner als Lotsen für neue Ideen oder Unternehmen für die Evaluation und Anwendung neuer Forschungsresultate) sowie unterschiedliche Ergebnistypen (z. B. Pilotstudien, Spin-Offs und kooperative Lehrformate) des Innovationsnetzwerkes beschrieben. Zur Illustration der Ergebnisse werden zwei Anwendungsbeispiele von einer branchenübergreifenden Cross-Innovation aus der Lebensmittelindustrie sowie von einem aus dem Netzwerk heraus entstandenen Pilotprojekt zur Digitalisierung von Startup-Vorhaben aufgeführt. Abschließend werden darauf aufbauend Potenziale und Herausforderungen diskutiert, um Impulse für die Konzeption und Umsetzungen solcher Netzwerke abzuleiten.
Identification and characterization of Salmonella spp. from samples of broiler farms in selected districts of Bangladesh
Authors: Mridha Debashish , Uddin Md. Nasir , Alam Badrul , Akhter A. H. M. Taslima , Islam SK. Shaheenur , Islam Md. Saiful , Khan Md. Shahidur Rahman , Kabir S. M. Lutful
Published: February 2020

Background and Aim: Salmonella spp. are an important group of pathogens responsible for human and animal diseases. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and identify and characterize of Salmonella spp. isolated from broiler farms of Gazipur, Tangail, and Dhaka districts of Bangladesh. This study also evaluated the difference of Salmonella positivity status between two groups of farms, good practices adapted in broiler rearing at the project intervened farms, and non-project intervened traditional farms.

Materials and Methods: A total of 352 samples including 128 cloacal swabs, 32 whole carcasses, 64 feed, 64 water, and 64 attendants' hand rinses were collected through convenient sampling technique from 16 poultry food safety project of Food and Agricultural Organization of United Nations Bangladesh intervened farms and other 16 non-project intervened farms in the same location. Various cultural based techniques and biochemical methods were employed for the estimation of prevalence, isolation, and identification of Salmonella spp. which was further evaluated by polymerase chain reaction. Antimicrobial susceptibility test using disk diffusion methods and serogrouping by slide agglutination test was accomplished for additional characterization.

Results: Among the samples, an overall prevalence of Salmonella spp. was 31.25% (110/352) (95% confidence interval [CI]=26.44-36.38%). However, the prevalence of Salmonella spp. was 24.43% (43/176) (95% CI=18.28-31.47) in project intervened farms and 38.07% (67/176) (95% CI=30.87-45.68%) in non-intervened farms. Among the 110 isolates, 31.82% (35/110) were fitted under serogroup B, and the rest of the isolates 75 (68.18%) under serogroup D. Of 110 isolates, 82.72%, 77.27%, 81.82%, and 79.09% were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, norfloxacin, and streptomycin, respectively. In addition, 81.82% and 80% isolates were resistant to erythromycin and tetracycline, respectively. Isolated Salmonella spp. presented moderate resistance to both amoxicillin and azithromycin. Alarmingly, 80.91% (89/110) isolates were shown to be multidrug-resistant Salmonella spp.

Conclusion: The study has presented a significant variation of the prevalence of Salmonella spp. between project intervened and non-project intervened farms, and this indicates project intervened farms are comparatively safer than the non-intervened farms considering public health and food safety grounds. This research outcome also has highlighted a substantial proportion of poultry origin multidrug resistance Salmonella spp. is a potential source of public health hazards. In this regard, proper awareness creation and motivational activities on good agriculture practices in poultry rearing and maintaining good personal hygiene at the farmers' level are warranted through participatory training.
Porphyromonas Gingivalis Response to Ultrasonication
Authors: Srinath Kamineni , Vikas Dhawan , Chifu Huang
Published: February 2020

Introduction
Ultrasound technology has previously been applied for cataract removal and tennis elbow treatment. Recent data supports the use of ultrasonic debridement in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. No data is available concerning the potential antibacterial properties of a clinical grade, lower energy ultrasound probe. We investigated the effect of a ultrasonic probe with respect to P gingivalis bacterial viability.

Methods
A Tenex Tx1 probe with standard settings for clinical use was used for this study. A Gram negative (Porphyromonasgingivalis) bacteria, known for its pathological activity, was investigated. The bacteria was cultured in an anaerobic broth, re-suspended to achieve a consistent bacterial count, and 5ml of this re-suspension was placed in a test tube for testing. Each tube was sonicated with the Tx1 probe for varying lengths of time (10, 30, 60, 120 seconds). The sonicated was diluted and plated on blood-agar plates, followed by incubation for 48 hours at 37°C in an anaerobic growth chamber. The number of colony forming units were counted, on each plate and the anti-bacterial effect was calculated. A one way analysis of variance was performed for statistical analysis.

Results
A significant time-dependent antibacterial effect was demonstrated with sonication. When comparing the kill rate between the control and 120 seconds of sonication P Gingivalis had a 64% kill rate. This was the only statistically significant time comparison achieved, although the trend for all the time intervals was a reduction in the colony forming unit counts.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that a clinically available ultrasonic probe (Tenex Tx1) has an antibacterial effect against the gram negative anaerobic bacterial species P gingivalis. Complete deactivation was not achieved, and there was a variation in effect dependent on the time of active sonication, with greater sonication times leading to greater kill rates. This data may partially help to explain the ability for ultrasonic debridement to result in the healing of long standing diabetic ulcers, that have been recalcitrant to other forms of treatment.
Erratum: Effects of selenium in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis (Clinical and experimental thyroidology. 2019;15(2). doi: 10.14341/ket10299)
Authors: Shabalina Elena A. , Fadeyev Valentin V.
Published: February 2020

An erratum on Effects of selenium in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis by Elena A. Shabalina, Valentin V.Fadeyev (2019). Clinical and experimental thyroidology. 15(2). doi: 10.14341/ket10299.
In Figure 1, entitled Study design, an error was made at the TSH level: 0.410.0 mU/L. The correct values are asfollows: TSH 4.010.0 mU/L.
The editorial board apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way.
The original article has been updated.
Study on the Appropriate Production Parameters of a Gas-injection Blast Furnace
Authors: Song Liu , Xiaojie Liu , Qing Lyu , Xusheng Zhang , Yana Qie
Published: February 2020

The change regulations of the smelting parameters in a gas-injection blast furnace are investigated using theoretical calculations. The results show that when the volume of gas injected, the oxygen enrichment rate and the theoretical combustion temperature of tuyere are 600 m3/tHM, 10% and 1950~2200∘C, respectively, the conditions meet the smelting requirements of a blast furnace. With the increase of the oxygen enrichment rate, the required air volume decreases, the contents of CO and H2 in the top gas increase, and the content of CO2 first increases and then decreases.With an increase of the volume of gas injected, the coke rate decreases. In addition, when the oxygen enrichment rate and the volume of gas injected are 10% and 600 m3/tHM, respectively, the CO content of the top gas constantly increases with the increase of the coke rate, while the H2 and CO2 contents both decrease. With the increase of the H2 content in the gas, the direct reduction degree of iron gradually decreases and the volume shrinkage burden increases. Apparently, injecting gas into the blast furnace can prevent the theoretical combustion temperature from being too high and solve the contradiction between the upper cooling and lower heating of the blast furnace.
Der Gläubigerschutz bei grenzüberschreitenden Umwandlungen nach der neuen Umwandlungsrichtlinie
Authors: Schollmeyer Eberhard
Published: February 2020

Die Umwandlungsrichtlinie, auf die sich Rat und Europäisches Parlament unmittelbar vor Ende der europäischen Legislaturperiode im April 2019 geeinigt haben, enthält Neuerungen beim Gläubigerschutz. Sie stellen tradierte Annahmen des internationalen Privat- und Verfahrensrechts in Frage. Der Beitrag geht nach einem kurzen Überblick über die geltenden Bestimmungen für innerstaatliche Umwandlungen der Frage nach, wie die bestehenden Vorschriften des Umwandlungsgesetzes zum Gläubigerschutz bei grenzüberschreitenden Verschmelzungen zu ändern sind und welche Regelungen für grenzüberschreitende Formwechsel und Spaltungen in das Gesetz aufzunehmen sind.
Grenzüberschreitende Umwandlungen nach der neuen Umwandlungsrichtlinie – Das Austrittsrecht gegen angemessene Barabfindung
Authors: Noack Max
Published: February 2020

Am 1.1.2020 ist die Umwandlungsrichtlinie in Kraft getreten, die bis zum 31.1.2023 in deutsches Recht umzusetzen ist. Ein anspruchsvolles Thema bei der Richtlinienumsetzung betrifft den Schutz der Minderheitsgesellschafter bei grenzüberschreitenden Vorhaben (Formwechsel, Verschmelzung, Spaltung). Der Beitrag stellt dazu ausschnittsweise exemplarisch das Austrittsrecht gegen angemessene Barabfindung bei grenzüberschreitender Verschmelzung dar und zeigt diverse Möglichkeiten für eine sachgerechte Richtlinienumsetzung auf.
Towards sustainable and ocean-friendly aquafeeds: Evaluating a fish-free feed for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using three marine microalgae species
Authors: Sarker Pallab K. , Kapuscinski Anne R. , Vandenberg Grant W. , Proulx Emilie , Sitek Alexander J.
Published: February 2020

Aquaculture, the fastest growing food sector, is expected to expand to produce an additional 30 million metric tons of fish by 2030, thus filling the gap in supplies of seafood for humans. Salmonids aquaculture exploits the vast majority of fishmeal and fish oil rendered from ocean-dwelling forage fish. Most forage fish diverted to these commodities are human-food grade, and all are primary prey for marine predators. Rising costs, price volatility, and environmental sustainability concerns of using these commodities for aquaculture feed are driving the global search for alternatives, including marine microalgae originating from the base of marine food webs but produced in culture. We report the first evaluation of two marine microalgae, Nannochloropsis sp. and Isochrysis sp., for their potential to fully replace fishmeal and fish oil in diets of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), an important model for all salmonid aquaculture. We conducted a digestibility experiment with dried whole cells of Nannochloropsis sp. and Isochrysis sp., followed by a growth experiment using feeds with different combinations of Nannochloropsis sp., Isochrysis sp., and Schizochytrium sp. We found that digestibilities of crude protein, crude lipid, amino acids, fatty acids, omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3 PUFA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), n6 (omega 6) PUFA in Isochrysis sp. were significantly higher than those in Nannochloropsis sp. Digestibility results suggest that for rainbow trout diets Isochrysis sp. is a better substitute for fishmeal and fish oil than Nannochloropsis sp. The lower feed intake by fish fed diets combining multiple microalgae, compared to fish fed the reference diet, was a primary cause of the growth retardation. In trout fillets, we detected an equal amount of DHA in fish fed fish-free diet and reference diet. This study suggests that Isochrysis sp. and Schizochytrium sp. are good candidates for DHA supplementation in trout diet formulations.
Pedagogies of Performance
Authors: Navon Joshua
Published: February 2020

The development of modern styles of elite music education played a crucial role in entrenching Werktreue as the dominant practice within classical music performance. Focusing on Germany’s first conservatory, the Leipzig conservatory, which was founded in 1843, this article analyzes how Werktreue, understood as a set of tacit competencies and sensibilities that must be learned by musicians, was produced at a single historical site. Archival documents of the institution, as well as the correspondence and writings of teachers and students like Felix Mendelssohn, William Rockstro, and Ethel Smyth, show that the central objective of musical pedagogy was the faithful interpretation of musical works. Isolated as a discrete subject of training, performing musical works also functioned as the principal mode of student assessment through semesterly examinations. To transmit the necessary skills for this paradigm of performance, pupils’ bodily capacities (Technik) and ability to understand and interpret canonic compositions (Vortrag) became essential targets of conservatory pedagogy. Ubiquitous visibility among students, and the intense competition that this visibility engendered, went hand in hand with institutionalizing styles of musical expertise that continue to this day. In exploring these developments, this article asks how the productive power of modern conservatory training contributed not only to Werktreue’s rise over a wide geography, but also to the remarkable stability with which it has pervaded performance practice across multiple generations.