bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Media and Human Resource Management
Authors: Charidimou Dimos Savvas , Gouloudis Stylianos Euaggeos
Published: December 2021

Easily mentioned, but not that much categorically identified, is the infrastructure beyond huge communication networks providers. Undoubtedly, the commitment for people of a certain country, in their transformation from citizens of a definite jurisdiction to netizens of a global community seeking advanced training and instruction with interactive educational TV, heavily relies on top management support over complex issues, starting from governmental initiatives and ardent information technology support along vigorous settlements with vendors, private funds, and international conglomerates. What the student body seeks, in national scale, is how to enhance the delivery methods of its learning, from face-to-face methodologies to self-paced learning, and recently, even further to live e-learning. For the first time, however, in-depth skill building, support in a range of practical subjects, animated knowledge acquisition, peer networking, and action-planning have been introduced as managerial educative aspects, along information and entertainment, in the world of broadcasting.
The Influence of SHRM and Organizational Agility
Authors: Saha Nibedita , Gregar Ales , Van der Heijden Beatrice I.J.M. , Sáha Petr
Published: December 2021

This chapter reveals the significance of strategic human resource management (SHRM) as well as organizational agility (OA)and their impact on organizational performance that empowers organizations to achieve innovative excellence. As, nowadays organizational effectiveness is viewed as a prerequisite condition for upholding organizational performance, income and employment. Consistently, the essence of OA and importance of SHRM is considered as an eminent approach to meet the global challenges that enabling the effect of change in organizations and shielding employees against the unwanted effects. Thus, authors intention to investigate what makes an organization to be competitive? How the influence of SHRM and OA can really boost the organizational performance? To retort these queries, this chapter represents a conceptual perception of SHRM and OA that discuss the HRM strategies relation to OA. It also highlights the way organizations can respond rapidly and flexibly to cope up with the changing environment without facing business turmoil.
Specific Human Resource Practices Towards Middle Managers and Their Effects on Their Strategic Roles
Authors: Jaoua Fakher Moncef
Published: December 2021

This research focuses on the contribution of human resource managers to activate and develop the potential of middle managers in a strategy development process. Precisely, the attention is directed on specific practices used by human resource managers and their effects on strategic roles of middle managers in emerging market companies. A survey questionnaire was distributed to 350 CEOs of large Tunisian companies participating in the Industrial Upgrading Program. The results of the application of structural equation methods show the existence and significant and positive effects of specific human resource practices on strategic roles of middle managers. Participation in the decisions and team/group incentives are used by middle managers and influence all strategic roles of middle managers. However, pre-employment training is used towards middle managers, but it has no effect on all strategic roles of middle managers.
Managerial Ambidexterity and Firm Performance
Authors: Yap Ching Seng , Ahmad Rizal , Jalaludin Farah Waheeda , Hashim Nurul Afza
Published: December 2021

Ambidexterity or the ability by individuals or firms to simultaneously and synergistically pursue both exploitation and exploration activities has been found to have positive effects on firm performance. However, the ambidexterity literature has been predominated by the studies at the organizational level, and little is known about the antecedents and consequences of ambidexterity at the individual level. This study examines environmental dynamism and social network as the antecedents of managerial ambidexterity, and knowledge brokerage and firm performance as the consequences. This study tests the mediating role of knowledge brokerage on the relationship between managerial ambidexterity and firm performance. Data are collected from 308 senior executives working in technology manufacturing firms in Malaysia using a questionnaire survey. The findings reveal that environmental dynamism and social networks are significantly and positively related to managerial ambidexterity, and knowledge brokerage mediates the relationship between managerial ambidexterity and firm performance.
The Role of HRM for Innovation
Authors: Marnoto Sandra , Sousa Célio A.A.
Published: December 2021

Innovation is fundamental to organization performance and survival in a continuously changing and highly competitive world. In organizations, innovation occurs primary and foremost through purposeful and discretionary actions of knowledgeable and motivated individuals. However, despite some insightful studies, studies addressing the role of HRM in promoting innovation are in short supply. An enabling work environment—resources, motivation, and management practices—may be crucial for creativity and thus innovation. HRM policies and interventions have the potential to promote trust, cooperation, and collective codes and language. Therefore, the aim of this chapter is twofold: 1) to review the role of creativity and knowledge sharing for innovation and 2) to review the role of HRM for stimulating innovation through creativity and knowledge sharing. In so doing, the authors seek to shed light on the conceptual and analytical connections between motivation, creativity, knowledge, innovation, and HRM.
A Survey of the Literature on Human Capital-Intensive Firms
Authors: Cézanne Cécile , Saglietto Laurence
Published: December 2021

The aim of this chapter is to provide a survey of the academic research dedicated to human capital-intensive firms (HCIF) both at a theoretical and empirical level. The authors conduct a thematic inventory of the published works in this area to assess the dynamism of the field research and provide an exploratory analysis. They develop a bibliometric analysis based on the three widely used databases (Econlit, Science Direct, and Wiley) over the time period 1992-2018. From a cluster analysis, the chapter draws a portrait of HCIF based on the highlighted distinctive features. It also gets more information on the scope of existing research and the issues, limits, and prospects involved.
Green Work-Life Balance and Global Leadership in Industry 4.0
Authors: Ganiyu Idris Olayiwola , Oladejo Olufemi Michael
Published: December 2021

Industrialization brought about by the development in science and technology is like a double-edged sword. Despite the benefit of the massive industrialization to humanity, it is noted to exert huge pressure on the ecosystem and the environment. Green work-life balance is an emerging concept aims at reshaping the work-life debate by introducing environmental dimension. Employees as agents of change are saddled with the implementation of organizational green work-life balance policy. However, the implementation of green work-life balance policy across the diverse culture by multinational companies poses a serious challenge. This chapter explores green work-life balance and global leadership in Industry 4.0.
Media Business Literacy in the Digital Age
Authors: Tari Inci
Published: December 2021

The digital age is changing everything forever. Media is changing in many ways ranging from the way people screen it to the way it is operated as a business. Profitable mainstream media of yesterday is struggling to survive against disruptive innovation brought by new technologies and being challenged by giant technology companies such as Google and Facebook, which are forming a duopoly, especially in terms of digital advertising revenues. These conditions are forcing media managers to be more literate than ever. Although there is a definition for media literacy and business literacy, there is no definition for media business literacy yet. This study will try to make a definition of media business literacy, which should involve stakeholders, markets, products, customers, competitors, financial terminology, and financial statements. After this broad definition, the rest of the chapter will focus on the changing media industry structure providing an insight on some financial and numerical information that needs to be understood by everyone interested in media business.
Assessment of Theses in Design Education
Authors: Svenningsson Nina , Faraon Montathar , Villavicencio Victor
Published: December 2021

This article explores and proposes a design concept of a co-creative process that aims to support the assessment and grading of theses in design education through automated criteria evaluation. The research is based on a concept-driven design approach that theoretically anchored and empirically informed the design concept. The research was achieved by grounding the concept in theoretical resources concerning pedagogical principles and assessment, existing tools and models for examiners in assessment processes, and current design practices for assessment in higher education. The main contribution of this article, namely the concept of grading by automated criteria evaluation (GRACE), aims to provide support and structure for examiners and students to collectively advance the design, implementation, and evaluation of the concept through the co-creation and evaluation of criteria in higher education. GRACE could supplement existing assessment practices of theses in design education by focusing on both explicit criteria and the development of students' design thinking and abilities.
Crowd Workers' Continued Participation Intention in Crowdsourcing Platforms
Authors: Leung Gabriel Shing-Koon , Cho Vincent , Wu C. H.
Published: December 2021

The micro-task crowdsourcing marketplace, as a novel platform, has provided firms with a new way to recruit employees at a reasonable cost and with a fast turnaround. This research explores how different types of motivations affect individuals’ continued participation intention in compensation-based micro-task crowdsourcing platforms. Our theoretical model builds on expectancy theory, self-determination theory, organizational justice theory and self-efficacy theory. To validate the theoretical model, over 1,000 crowd workers participating in Amazon’s Mechanical Turk completed an online questionnaire. Distributive justice and self-efficacy were applied to moderate the relationship between different types of motivations and continued participation intention. The confirmed three-way interaction effects indicated that external regulation and intrinsic motivation on continued participation intention are contingent on distributive justice and the level of self-efficacy. The findings enrich the understanding of MCS communities and provide important guidelines for motivating crowd workers.
Em defesa da instrução pública mineira
Authors: Pereira Alisson José da Silva Esteves , Gilvanice Barbosa da Silva Musial
Published: December 2021

Neste artigo analisaremos as táticas produzidas pela população sabarense, vereadores e políticos do Diretório do Partido Republicano Mineiro de Sabará, para impedir que as determinações da lei nº 281 de 1899 suprimissem as cadeiras primárias mantidas pelo governo do estado de Minas Gerais nas localidades de Ponte Grande, Raposos e Vera Cruz – Pindahybas, pertencentes ao município de Sabará. Sendo assim, para a efetivação desta pesquisa, utilizamos alguns dados dos Relatórios da Secretaria do Interior, dos documentos da Secretaria do Interior e a da própria legislação mineira que serão analisados à luz dos conceitos de estratégia e tática de Michel de Certeau. Portanto, ao final deste trabalho, observaremos que as localidades conseguiram, através de táticas, a permanência das escolas primárias locais, tendo como responsável o governo de Minas Gerais por mantê-las em funcionamento.
Varicocele and varicocelectomy: Which news from the past?
Authors: Zampieri Nicola
Published: December 2021

To the Editor, In 1952, after many centuries, the varicocele was treated to resolve infertility. From Celsus to modern surgical techniques, over the centuries, many surgeons have proposed numerous treatment options, some very traumatic others more "physiological" [...].
Temporal trends in abundance and phenology of migratory birds across the Italian Alps during a 20-year period
Authors: Franzoi Alessandro , Tenan Simone , Lorenzo Sanchez Paula , Pedrini Paolo
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Bird migration across mountainous regions has been studied usually at single sites due to the difficulty in employing and support a multi-site sampling effort. This may affect inference on migration whose scale is larger that a single site. The Progetto Alpi has been monitoring post-breeding bird migration through the Italian Alps with a network of several ringing stations since 1997. Until 2017, 666,471 ringing data of 191 different species were collected. Methods: Phenology of bird migration in terms of date of capture and the related elevational distribution during the sampling season (August-November) were analysed for 69 species. For a subset of 45 species the inter-annual variation in phenology along with trends in the number of ringed birds and in the ratio between the number of juveniles and adults ringed, were also analysed. Results: Migration through the Italian Alps occurred differently between species, with heterogeneity across species in the median date of capture and their elevational distribution. No linear trends in phenology were detected. For four species an annual linear increase of the ringed individuals was detected, while for other four species an annual linear decrease of the captures was detected. For two species, an increase of the ratio between the number of the juveniles and the number of adults ringed was detected. Conclusions: The long-term standardized monitoring of post-breeding migration allowed us to consolidate and increase knowledge of bird migration through Italian southern Alps. The information gathered allowed us to define the temporal and elevation distribution of passerine birds crossing the mountainous area, and to test interannual trends in the number of captures. The main purpose of this work was to report on the information collected in twenty years of field activity, providing a contribution to the understanding this complex phenomenon. Further investigations and more in-depth analyses are necessary to understand how environmental factors and species-specific eco-physiological traits interact and affect migratory strategies of passerine birds in the Italian Alpine region.
Prevalence and correlates of insomnia symptoms among older adults in India
Authors: Pengpid Supa , Peltzer Karl
Published: December 2021

Background:

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and correlates of insomnia symptoms among older adults in India.

Methods:

The study included 72,262 individuals (45 years and older) from the cross-sectional 2017 to 2018 Longitudinal Ageing Study in India Wave 1.

Results:

The prevalence of insomnia symptoms was 12.7%, 13.2% among women and 11.9% among men. In the adjusted logistic regression analysis, food insecurity (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25–1.59), feeling alone (AOR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.46–1.83), having 3–5 discrimination experiences (AOR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.32–1.78), having two or more chronic conditions (AOR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.46–1.86), high functional disability (AOR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.63–1.99), poor distant vision (AOR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.17–1.49), poor near vision (AOR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.07–1.33), edentulism (lost all teeth) (AOR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.06–1.55), underweight (AOR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.00–1.23), and pain (AOR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.54–1.89) were positively associated with insomnia symptoms. High subjective socioeconomic status (AOR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.76–0.96), urban residence (AOR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.81–0.99), and medium social network (AOR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.79–0.96) were negatively associated with insomnia symptoms.

Conclusions:

More than one in ten older adults in India had insomnia symptoms and several associated factors were identified.
A rare case of frontotemporal dementia with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Bhat Madhavi , Kini Ganesh , Amithabh S. , Kakunje Anil
Published: December 2021

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive degeneration of the frontal and temporal lobes which typically presents with cognitive symptoms. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons, leading to symptoms of motor weakness. We present a case of behavioral variant of FTD with ALS. The patient presented with changes in his behavior followed by impaired memory and progressive weakness of bilateral upper limbs. Patient eventually developed difficulty swallowing and recognizing faces too. The case highlights the association between FTD and ALS.
Prevalence of Epstein–Barr virus in North-East Indian breast cancer patients' blood
Authors: Deka Kamalika Bhandari , Sarma Pallavi , Sarma Anupam , Das Gaurav , Karmakar Subhradip , Rath Goura Kishore , Rai Avdhesh Kumar
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND:

Breast cancer (BC) has been the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women and it has multiple risk factors. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) has been shown to be associated with BC as one of the risk factors. Our aim was to detect EBV DNA in blood samples of BC patients of North-East India.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A total of 53 eligible BC patients' samples were analyzed by Nested polymerase chain reaction for EBV Antigen-1 (EBNA1) gene. All statistical analysis was carried out using the software of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21.

RESULTS:

20.8% (11 of 53) BC patients' blood samples have EBNA1 gene DNA. The median age of BC patients was 42 and 43 years for EBV-positive and EBV-negative groups. 96.22% EBV-positive BC patients were diagnosed with high-grade malignancy. 54.54% of EBV-positive BC patients were diagnosed with T3 and T4 stage cancer. EBV-positive patients have not shown statistically significant association with ER positive (P-0.877, odds ratio [OR]: 1.111), PR positive (P-0.256, OR-2.16), Her-2/neu positive (P-0.93, OR-1.017), Ki-67 positive (P-0.487, OR: 1.8), and AR positive (p-1.000, OR-0.836).

CONCLUSION:

We conclude from our study that EBNA1 gene was found in the blood samples of subset of BC patients of North-East India. Further studies with BC tissue and adjacent normal tissue samples of BC patients will be required to provide evidence about EBV's role with BC of North-East India.
The Effect of Payment Methods on Dental Service Mix
Authors: Emrani Reza , Sargeran Katayoun , Hessari Hossein
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

The number of dental services provided is related to the type of services needed by a population and treatment decision making by dentists. This descriptive study aimed to compare the dental service mix in two different payment systems.

Methods:

The dental records of a long-established dental clinic were reviewed. Treatment performed, during October 2018 and October 2019, by 36 dentists, 12 dentists worked in both payment method periods, 12 of them worked only in salary, and 12 of them worked in fee for service (FFS) period.

Results:

Preventive dental services and practices without treatment (visits, diagnostic radiography, and referrals) decreased, and practices included aggressive treatments (randomized controlled trial, extraction, and crown) and highly aggressive procedure (surgery) increased from salary to FFS period. The total activities of dentists were higher in FFS.

Conclusion:

According to our results, in a salary system, the dentist was more likely to refer and perform preventive treatments, whereas in the FFS payment system, the dentists choose more aggressive treatments. Payment method may change dental service mix.
Interdisciplinary Management of Traumatized Maxillary Incisors with an Anterior Crossbite in a Young Adult
Authors: Ganesh Gayatri , Tripathi Tulika
Published: December 2021

Damage to the maxillary anteriors secondary to trauma is one of the primary concerns of a patient, attributable to his/her perceivability in the society. The clinical presentations of such a condition may vary vastly according to the extent of the injury. The present article describes the interdisciplinary management of an 18-year-old female with traumatized maxillary incisors and an anterior crossbite on a borderline skeletal Class III base. Orthodontic camouflage by means of fixed mechanotherapy was successfully attempted to produce a correction in the overjet and overbite. The esthetic rehabilitation was carried out using zirconium crowns and veneers placed on the central and lateral incisors, respectively, after crown lengthening. Thus, the interdisciplinary management ensured the restoration of optimal esthetics and function with a conservative approach.
Evaluation of Bonding Strength of Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement Modified with Micro- and Nano-Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Daokar Sadashiv G. , Patel Karishma Kishor , Pawar Kalpana S. , Wahane Kapil D. , Kulkarni Shraddha Shekhar , Mantri Aishwarya Rajesh
Published: December 2021

Context:

With the dawn of esthetic dentistry, esthetic restorative materials are the preferred choice for various applications. Because of their limited strength and wear resistance, glass ionomer cement (GIC) is indicated generally for the restoration of low-stress areas where caries activity potential is of significant concern. Therefore, hydroxyapatite (HA) materials were added to improve the consistency, compressive, and bonding strength of GIC. In dentistry, the adhering ability of GIC to HA resulted in variety of clinical applications.

Aims:

The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the effects of incorporation of micro-HA and nano-HA on the bonding strength of conventional GIC to tooth structure.

Settings and Design:

There was an experimental randomized analytical in vitro study.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-one extracted human permanent molars were divided into three groups (n = 7). Each specimen was buried in a cylinder-shaped epoxy resin, and coronal portion was sectioned to expose the dentin surface available for bonding GIC. The smear layer on the exposed dentin was removed by etching with 35% phosphoric acid. Mixed cement was placed on tooth in cylindrical form, and specimens were immersed in artificial saliva for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine with 1 mm/min crosshead speed.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Obtained shear bond strength values were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's Post hoc test.

Results:

Results showed that there are significant differences between GIC reinforced with HA than conventional GIC. The bonding strength is higher in nano-HA GIC compared to micro-HA and conventional GICs.

Conclusions:

The addition of 15% HA to conventional GIC increased its bond strength to dentin. Nano-HA added GIC showed the highest bonding strength to tooth structure.
Early menopause in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Authors: Ahmed Mohamed Hassan , Bondje Sophie , Jiwan Riyah , Rawther Fathima , Duku Adelaide , Husain Nazik Elmalaika , Woodward Clare , Mital Dushyant
Published: December 2021

Premature menopause can occur in women living with human HIV. In this study, we analyzed and reviewed published literature using the PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases since the year 1990 using a combination of MeSH terms such as “Early,” “Premature,” “Menopause,” “HIV,” and “Hormones.” Monitoring and implementation of targeted interventions for premature or early menopause among HIV-infected women might prevent or delay complications such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, and mental health issues.
Polysomnography findings of patients with overlap syndrome according to severity of lower airway obstruction
Authors: Sami Ramin , Hashemi Samaneh , Jalilolghadr Shabnam
Published: December 2021

Background:

The concurrence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is known as overlap syndrome (OS). The obstruction of the upper airway leads to OSA and the obstruction of the lower airway leads to COPD. The aim of this study was to compare polysomnographic findings of patients with OS according to severity of lower airway obstruction.

Materials and Methods:

Seventy-two patients were included in this cross-sectional study. Patients with COPD referred to a sleep clinic with suspicion of OSA were evaluated by polysomnography (PSG). PSG findings were interpreted based on the American Academy of Sleep Association criteria (2012). COPD severity was categorized into four groups based on GOLD criteria using forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1). PSG findings also were compared between patients regarding severity of lower airway obstruction (FEV1 ≥50% and FEV1 <50%).

Results:

Sixty-eight of the patients had OS. Twenty-nine (42.6%) were male. The mean age was 62.3 ± 6.88 years. Thirty-two (54.4%) of the patients were in GOLD 2. The mean apnea/hypopnea index was 57.41 ± 36.16. Seventy-two percent of patients had severe OSA. Severe OSA was more prevalent in patients of GOLD 2 and 3 groups compared to the other groups. Among PSG findings, only N2 sleep stage was significantly longer in patients with FEV1 < 50% than in patients with FEV1 ≥50% (61.5 ± 11.2, 55.3 ± 13.4, P = 0.039).

Conclusion:

Polysomnographic findings (except N2 stage) are not different in patients with OS with respect to severity of lower airway obstruction.
The association between body mass index and risk of obstructive sleep apnea among patients with HIV
Authors: Asgari Samaneh , Najafi Arezu , Sadeghniiat Khosro , Gholamypour Zahra , Akbarpour Samaneh
Published: December 2021

Background:

Although several studies show a positive association between body mass index (BMI) and a higher risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the general population, there are limited data on that in patients living with HIV (PLHIV). The objective of the current study is to determine the prevalence of high risk for OSA and the association between BMI and OSA in PLHIV.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted on 316 confirmed HIV cases aged ≥ 18 years who attended consulting centers in Tehran during 2019. For the diagnosis of OSA we used the Persian version of the modified Berlin questionnaire that includes ten questions broken down into three categories. A high risk for breathing problems was defined if the total score is ≥ 2. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between BMI and OSA risk groups.

Results:

Among PLHIV, 52.1% of men and 41.6% of women were considered as high risk for breathing problems during sleep at the time of the study. Patients with a higher risk for breathing problems had significantly higher BMI levels compared to those categorized as low-risk levels (25.2 vs. 24.3 kg/m2). Each unit increase in the BMI increased the odds of being high risk for OSA by 6% in the multivariable model. (odds ratio [OR]: 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06: 1.01–1.13). Considering BMI categories, compared to the normal weight, being obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) increased the high risk for OSA (OR [95% CI]: 2.54 [1.10–5.89]).

Conclusion:

We observed a significant association between general obesity and prevalence of OSA among PLHIV.
Awareness in the general population about binocular single vision and its importance
Authors: Thakre Snehal Rhishikesh , Nathani Karan R. , Deshmukh Pradnya Ashish , Mishrikotkar Jyotika Prasanna
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

Stereo vision adds an extra dimension to aid depth perception and gives a binocular advantage in task completion.

Aim:

To study the perception of the presence and importance of binocular vision in the general population.

Materials and Methods:

A standard questionnaire in the local language was circulated amongst 500 people in the outpatient department (OPD). Group 1 had studied < 12th standard, and Group 2 had studied up to 12th standard or more.

Results:

More participants in Group 2 said that the purpose of having two eyes was to see, for aesthesis, and also for a better quality of vision than those in Group 1 (P = 0.011 s); they knew that it was advantageous to have both eyes work together as one unit than did those in Group 1. (P = 0.010 s) Similarly, Group 2 knew why a squint developed (P = 0.002) and that there was a relationship between a squint and binocular single vision (BSV) (P = 0.000). Group 2 knew that a squint could be treated (P < 0.0001 s). Group 1 did not know the importance of the early treatment of strabismus (P < 0.0001 s). Participants in both groups were aware that they could face difficulty in doing certain jobs due to less vision in one eye (P = 0.201 ns); as well as that visual impairment in children could be prevented in at least some children if vision testing was done during the preschool years.

Conclusion:

It is important to raise awareness among the general population of the concept of binocular vision and its relationship to strabismus.
Ocular manifestation of pregnancy-induced hypertension
Authors: Devaru Sheetal , Nagaraj Kalpana Badami , Shah Snehal Himmatlal
Published: December 2021

Background and Objectives:

Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is a challenging obstetric condition that can result in grave complications. The retina is a unique site where the vasculature in the human body is visualized directly with the help of an ophthalmoscope. Progression of retinal changes generally correlates with the progression of PIH. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and association of retinal changes with the progression of PIH.

Materials and Methods:

This is a hospital-based, prospective, observational study. A total of 100 admitted cases diagnosed with PIH was included in the study. Ocular and systemic history, age, blood pressure, and proteinuria were noted. A dilated indirect ophthalmic examination was done at the bedside of the patient.

Results:

A total of 100 patients with PIH were examined. The mean age of the patients was 24.8 years; the mean gestational age was 36.5 weeks. Out of the total 100 patients with PIH who were examined, retinal changes were noted in 43 patients. The prevalence of retinopathy changes was more pronounced among patients with severe preeclampsia (76.5%) and eclampsia (88.9%). As the severity of the PIH increased, the odds of women developing retinopathy also increased substantially and this association between the severity of PIH and the development of retinopathy changes was found to be statistically significant. A significant correlation was also seen between albuminuria and the severity of retinopathy.

Conclusion:

Cases of severe preeclampsia and eclampsia showed higher grades of retinal changes. Thus fundus examination plays an important role in assessing the severity of PIH.
A hospital-based cross-sectional study for assessment of immunization status of children in western Maharashtra, India
Authors: Bansod Vaishali Praful , Nannaware Maya Nilesh , Kulkarni Shraddha Shripad , Gore Harishchandra Dyanoba , Agawane Shubhangi Uttam , Chawla Parvinder Singh , Kalra Khyati Gagan
Published: December 2021

Background:

Immunization against vaccine-preventable diseases is a fundamental right of children and a way to reduce childhood mortality and morbidity; thus, it is a way to improve the health of the community. Delayed vaccination increases the susceptibility of a child to vaccine-preventable diseases and also affects herd immunity. So this study was undertaken to assess the immunization status of children attending a tertiary care hospital that caters to urban as well as rural populations, focusing on the timeliness of vaccination, and to explore the predictors of vaccination delay.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was carried out among 302 immunization attendees of 12–23 months of age in the immunization outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital. Parents were interviewed, and vaccination dates were obtained from vaccination cards and assessed for vaccination delay.

Results:

From a total of 302 children of age 12 to 23 months who enrolled in the study, 165 (54.64%) children were vaccinated on time and 137 (45.36%) children had vaccination delays. When assessing vaccination delay, 24 (7.95%), 44 (14.57%), and 118 (39.07%) children were found to have vaccination delay for Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), pentavalent vaccine (PENTA1), and magnetic resonance imaging (MR1), respectively. Out of them, 49 (16.22%) children had vaccination delay for more than one vaccine. Age at first pregnancy, place of delivery, gender, birth order, and birth weight of the child were found to be statistically significant for delayed vaccination.

Conclusion:

Delays in vaccination can be addressed by offering mobile vaccination clinic facilities to migrant people as well as raising community knowledge about the importance of timely child vaccination through the targeted approach: Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) activities.
Hydropic placenta in a case of malaria
Authors: Saldanha Prema
Published: December 2021

Malarial infection can be life-threatening to both the mother and the developing fetus. The placenta can show various histological changes, and the presence of mature parasites or malarial pigment in the placenta is necessary to define placental malaria. This is a case of a 28-year-old multigravida who presented with malaria and was found to have a hydropic fetus on ultrasonography. Hydropic change has not been reported so far in placental malaria.
Rosyjska propaganda w przestrzeni informacyjnej Gruzji przed i po konflikcie w sierpniu 2008 roku
Authors: Tkeshelashvili Irina
Published: December 2021

Niniejszy tekst jest próbą ukazania propagandowej polityki i odpowiednich działań Federacji Rosyjskiej wobec Gruzji przed konfliktem w sierpniu 2008 r. i po jego zakończeniu. Po zakończeniu konfliktu w sierpniu 2008 r. te działania przekształciły się w wojnę informacyjną, która charakteryzuje się dążeniem rosyjskich władz do oddziaływania na gruzińską przestrzeń informacyjną.

Russian Propaganda in Georgian Informational Space Before and After Conflict in August 2008

Given text represents an attempt to show propagandistic approach and relevant activities from Russian Federation towards Georgia before the conflict in August 2008 and afterwards. On the other hand, after the August 2008, the actions turned into a mode of information warfare, which became a growing tendency to influence Georgia’s information space.
Referenda w systemie politycznym Republiki Czeskiej
Authors: Koźbiał Krzysztof
Published: December 2021

Republika Czeska jest jednym z tych krajów europejskich, w których bezpośrednie instrumenty demokratyczne, takie jak referenda, są rzadko stosowane na szczeblu państwowym. W Republice Czeskiej w ten sposób zdecydowano jedynie o przystąpieniu kraju do Unii Europejskiej (2003). Z drugiej strony, na poziomie lokalnym czeskie doświadczenia z referendami są bogate. W latach 2006‑2021 przeprowadzono ponad 300 referendów, średnio ponad 20 rocznie. Problematyka poruszana w tych referendach obejmowała kwestie infrastruktury, lokalizacji elektrowni wiatrowych czy składowania odpadów radioaktywnych. W przyszłości szersze niż dotychczas wykorzystanie referendów w czeskim systemie politycznym zależeć będzie m.in. od wyniku wyborów parlamentarnych, które odbędąsięjesienią2021 r. Czeska Partia Piratów, która ma duże szanse na zwycięstwo w tych wyborach, opowiada się za korzystaniem z tego typu głosowania znacznie częściej niż dotychczas.

Referenda in the political system of the Czech Republic

The Czech Republic is one of those European countries where direct democratic instruments, such as referendums, are rarely resorted to at the state level. Only the country’s accession to the European Union (2003) was decided in this way in the Czech Republic.

On the local level, on the other hand, the Czech experience with referendums is rich. Between 2006 and 2021, more than 300 referendums were held, an average of more than 20 per year. The issues dealt with in these referendums included infrastructure issues, the location of wind power plants or the storage of radioactive waste.

The future of the use of referendums more widely than before in the Czech political system will depend, among other things, on the outcome of the parliamentary elections to be held in the autumn of 2021. The Czech Pirate Party, which has a significant chance of winning this election, is in favour of using this type of voting far more often than before.
Serbia’s National Security Strategy – from where, through what and where to go
Authors: Mitrovic Miroslav
Published: December 2021

The National Security Strategy is one of the state’s critical documents, which sublimates the knowledge of the security environment, possible forms of endangerment, and the proposed guidelines for ensuring the security of a nation. Dynamic processes in the geopolitical global, and regional environment, globalization of forms and content of possible security breaches, continuous arms race, and the dominant changed hybrid physiognomy of war are dominant vectors of influence on a national security strategy of every nation. In 2019, the Republic of Serbia adopted its recent National Security Strategy. The paper analyzes the declared foreign policy determinants of Serbia’s national security strategies, intending to critically oppose them with current threats to Serbia’s s national security. Based on the comparative method and analysis of current documents, with respecting the political and economic reality, the paper provokes the proposed priorities with possible development trends while respecting internal and external entities’ influence on developing the national security system and state of the Republic of Serbia. The paper critically exploring the declared determinants of foreign policy in Serbia’s national security strategies by means of analysis of current documents and comparative methods.

ABSTRAKT
Strategia Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego jest jednym z krytycznych dokumentów państwa, sublimującym wiedzę o bezpieczeństwie, możliwych formach zagrożenia oraz proponowanych wytycznych dla zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa państwa. Dynamiczne procesy w geopolitycznym środowisku globalnym i regionalnym, globalizacja form i treści możliwych naruszeń bezpieczeństwa, ciągły wyścig zbrojeń oraz zmieniona fizjonomia wojny są dominującymi wektorami wpływu na strategię bezpieczeństwa narodowego każdego państwa. W 2019 r. Republika Serbii przyjęła swoją najnowszą Strategię Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego. Artykuł analizuje deklarowane determinanty polityki zagranicznej w strategiach bezpieczeństwa narodowego Serbii, z zamiarem ich krytycznego przeciwstawienia aktualnym zagrożeniom dla bezpieczeństwa narodowego kraju. Bazując na metodzie porównawczej i analizie aktualnych dokumentów, z uwzględnieniem realiów politycznych i gospodarczych, w artykule porównuje się zaproponowane priorytety wraz z możliwymi tendencjami rozwojowymi, z poszanowaniem wpływu podmiotów wewnętrznych i zewnętrznych na rozwój systemu bezpieczeństwa narodowego i stanu Republiki Serbii. Artykuł krytycznie bada deklarowane determinanty polityki zagranicznej w narodowych strategiach bezpieczeństwa Serbii poprzez analizę aktualnych dokumentów i metod porównawczych.
The national security concept and police‑military relations in Turkey
Authors: Genc Yilmaz Ayfer
Published: December 2021

The broad definition of the national security concept has always been a highly contested subject in Turkey. Yet, the existing studies have not addressed much‑needed focus on the relationship between this obscure definition of the concept and its impact on police‑military relations. To fill this gap, this paper analyzes police‑military relations in Turkey in light of the historical development of the national security concept. In this regard, in this paper it is argued that the imprecise and all‑encompassing use of national security concept remains unchanged in the aftermath of the civilianization process of the 2000s. As the national security concept continues to maintain its extended meaning, the convergence of police‑military roles persists but gets to be reformulated. Yet, under these circumstances, the police appear to be like the great beneficiary of this convergence of roles as the military tutelage regime came to an end and the civilian control of the military has been fully established.

ABSTRAKT
Szeroko definiowana koncepcja bezpieczeństwa narodowego od zawsze była w Turcji przedmiotem wielu kontrowersji. Jednak istniejące badania nie koncentrują się na niezwykle istotnym związku między niejasną definicją pojęcia a jej wpływem na stosunki policyjno‑wojskowe. Aby wypełnić tę lukę, w niniejszym artykule autorka analizuje stosunki policyjno‑wojskowe w Turcji w świetle historycznego rozwoju koncepcji bezpieczeństwa narodowego. W związku z tym na kartach niniejszej pracy argumentuje się, że nieprecyzyjne i wszechstronne wykorzystanie koncepcji bezpieczeństwa narodowego pozostaje niezmienione w następstwie 2000‑letniego procesu cywilizacyjnego. W związku z tym, że koncepcja bezpieczeństwa narodowego nadal zachowuje swoje szerokie znaczenie, istnieje także konwergencja ról policyjno‑wojskowych, lecz musi zostać przeformułowana. Jednak w tych okolicznościach policja wydaje się być wielkim beneficjentem tej zbieżności ról, gdy wojskowy reżim kurateli dobiegł końca i cywilna kontrola nad wojskiem została w pełni ustanowiona.
Osadnictwo żydowskie w kontekście konfliktu izraelsko‑palestyńskiego
Authors: Kosiorek Piotr
Published: December 2021

Osadnictwo żydowskie jest jednym z najważniejszych elementów wieloletnich sprzeczności między Izraelem i Palestyną. Ponadto problematyczny pozostaje tutaj status prawny osiedli. Wciąż trwa dyskusja nad tym, czy kolonie założone na Zachodnim Brzegu Jordanu są legalne, czy wręcz przeciwnie. Celem niniejszego tekstu będzie zbadanie znaczenia osadnictwa żydowskiego w kontekście konfliktu izraelsko-palestyńskiego oraz próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, jak wysoko w hierarchii priorytetów państwa sytuuje się osadnictwo żydowskie. W treści tego artykułu poruszane są takie kwestie jak mur bezpieczeństwa wraz z jego funkcjami i konsekwencjami dla Palestyńczyków, kwestia administracji Zachodniego Brzegu Jordanu oraz studium przypadku opisujące przykład Kfar Etzion i Sheikh Jarrah.

Jewish settlements in the context of the Israeli – Palestinian conflict

Jewish settlement is one of the most important elements of the long – term contradictions between Israel and Palestine. Moreover, the legal status of the outposts is problematical. The main objective of this text is analysis the significance of Jewish settlement in the context of the Israeli – Palestinian conflict and to try to answer the question how high in the hierarchy of the State of Israel priorities is the Jewish settlement. In a content of this article there such matters as security wall with its functions and consequences for Palestinians in the context of Jewish settlements, issue of an administration of the West Bank and the case study describes example of the Kfar Etzion and Sheikh Jarrah.
Znaczenie sporu polsko‑litewskiego dla bezpieczeństwa II RP w latach 1919‑1922. Wybrane przejawy (cz. 1)
Authors: Landmann Tomasz
Published: December 2021

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie najistotniejszych przesłanek świadczących o rozpoznaniu przez Polskę zagrożenia litewskiego dla II RP w procesie kreowania bezpieczeństwa odrodzonej Polski. Analizę oparto na materiale archiwalnym z Archiwum Instytutu Józefa Piłsudskiego w Ameryce oraz dostępnym piśmiennictwie. Przyjęto tezę, że w latach 1919‑1922 istniały liczne przesłanki świadczące o sporze polsko‑litewskim, a polski wywiad wojskowy dysponował dobrym rozpoznaniem przejawów zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa II RP ze strony Litwy. Zaprezentowane argumenty pozwalają stwierdzić, iż antypolskie działania ze strony Litwy Kowieńskiej dotyczyły zróżnicowanych przejawów oddziaływania na bezpieczeństwo II RP i Polaków mieszkających na obszarze Litwy. Spór między państwami miał charakter militarny, dotycząc rywalizacji terytorialnej, ale dotyczył także konfliktu polityczno‑dyplomatycznego. Litwini posługiwali się licznymi aktami dywersji, a także sabotowania działań polskich władz, zarówno na obszarze Ziemi Wileńskiej, jak i pasa przygranicznego wyznaczanego demarkacyjną linią Focha.

The importance of Polish‑Lithuanian disputes for security of The Second Polish Republic in the years 1919‑1922. Selected symptoms (part 1)

The aim of the article is to present the most important premises demonstrating Poland’s recognition of the Lithuanian threat to the Second Polish Republic in the process of creating the security of a reborn Poland. The analysis was based on archival material from the Archive of the Józef Piłsudski Institute in America as well as on available literature. It was assumed that in 1919‑1922 there were numerous indications of a Polish‑Lithuanian dispute going on, and Polish military intelligence had a good recognition of the manifestations of the security threat of the Second Polish Republic on the part of Lithuania. The arguments presented allow us to state that the anti‑Polish activities of Lithuanian Kowienska part concerned various manifestations and had an impact on the security of the Second Polish Republic and Poles living in the territory of Lithuania. The dispute between the states was of a military nature, concerning territorial rivalry, but it also concerned a political and diplomatic conflict. The Lithuanians used numerous acts of subversion, as well as sabotage towards the actions of Polish authorities, both in the area of Wielen Land and the border strip marked by the demarcation Foch line.
Faulknerian shadows: António Lobo Antunes under the influence of William Faulkner
Authors: Rodrigues Ricardo Rato
Published: December 2021

This article seeks to investigate the degree of influence that the works of William Faulkner have exerted over the output of novelist António Lobo Antunes, thus filling a critical gap and at the same time opening up new avenues for literary research in order to better assess the impact and importance of Lobo Antunes for Portuguese (in particular) and world literature (in general). The comparative approach takes into consideration the style and content of both writers and their approximations across some of their works.
Sobre las lenguas románicas y las diferentes perspectivas de su análisis reflejadas en la monografía bajo la redacción de Andrzej Zieliński Las formulas de saludo y de despedida en las lenguas románicas : sincronía, diacronía y aplicación a la enseñanza
Authors: Pawlak Aneta
Published: December 2021

About the Romance languages and the different perspectives of their analysis reflected in the monograph written under the direction of Andrzej Zieliński Las fórmulas de saludo y de despedida en las lenguas románicas: sincronía, diacronía y aplicación a la enseñanza

The work mentions the current perspectives in the analysis of Romance languages, making a critical review of the monograph written under the direction of Andrzej Zieliński, whose object of study are the greeting and farewell formulas. In addition, the work highlights the importance of studying and preserving minority languages which, like the main Romance languages, are the result of the long training process called the Romance continuum.