bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Loss of testosterone impairs anti-tumor neutrophil function
Authors: Markman Janet L. , Porritt Rebecca A. , Wakita Daiko , Lane Malcolm E. , Martinon Daisy , Noval Rivas Magali , Luu Michael , Posadas Edwin M. , Crother Timothy R. , Arditi Moshe
Published: March 2020

In men, the incidence of melanoma rises rapidly after age 50, and nearly two thirds of melanoma deaths are male. The immune system is known to play a key role in controlling the growth and spread of malignancies, but whether age- and sex-dependent changes in immune cell function account for this effect remains unknown. Here, we show that in castrated male mice, neutrophil maturation and function are impaired, leading to elevated metastatic burden in two models of melanoma. Replacement of testosterone effectively normalized the tumor burden in castrated male mice. Further, the aberrant neutrophil phenotype was also observed in prostate cancer patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy, highlighting the evolutionary conservation and clinical relevance of the phenotype. Taken together, these results provide a better understanding of the role of androgen signaling in neutrophil function and the impact of this biology on immune control of malignancies.
Nitric oxide as a source for bacterial triazole biosynthesis
Authors: Zhao Guiyun , Guo Yuan-Yang , Yao Shunyu , Shi Xinjie , Lv Longxian , Du Yi-Ling
Published: March 2020

The heterocycle 1,2,3-triazole is among the most versatile chemical scaffolds and has been widely used in diverse fields. However, how nature creates this nitrogen-rich ring system remains unknown. Here, we report the biosynthetic route to the triazole-bearing antimetabolite 8-azaguanine. We reveal that its triazole moiety can be assembled through an enzymatic and non-enzymatic cascade, in which nitric oxide is used as a building block. These results expand our knowledge of the physiological role of nitric oxide synthase in building natural products with a nitrogen–nitrogen bond, and should also inspire the development of synthetic biology approaches for triazole production.
Author Correction: Interplay of protein corona and immune cells controls blood residency of liposomes
Authors: Giulimondi Francesca , Digiacomo Luca , Pozzi Daniela , Palchetti Sara , Vulpis Elisabetta , Capriotti Anna Laura , Chiozzi Riccardo Zenezini , Laganà Aldo , Amenitsch Heinz , Masuelli Laura , Peruzzi Giovanna , Mahmoudi Morteza , Screpanti Isabella , Zingoni Alessandra , Caracciolo Giulio
Published: March 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Database of open-framework aluminophosphate structures
Authors: Zheng Chuting , Li Yi , Yu Jihong
Published: March 2020

Open-framework aluminophosphates are an important class of inorganic crystalline compounds because of their rich structural chemistry and diverse properties. We have collected 312 open-framework aluminophosphate crystal structures from published literature and established a database for these structures. For each aluminophosphate structure, we have assigned a unique index code and extracted its key chemical and crystallographic information from the original literature and the associated CIF file, such as the name, chemical formula, extra-framework species, Al/P ratio, space group, and unit cell parameters of the compound. More importantly, we have calculated the topological features for each aluminophosphate framework, including local connectivity, framework dimension, coordination sequences, vertex symbols, topology density, and the largest ring. To help experimental chemists identify their products, we have also calculated theoretical XRD peaks for all aluminophosphate structures. This database will provide important insight into understanding the structural chemistry of open-framework aluminophosphate compounds.
Foraging behaviour of the South American sea lion (Otaria byronia) in two disparate ecosystems assessed through blubber fatty acid analysis
Authors: Guerrero Alicia I. , Pavez Guido , Santos-Carvallo Macarena , Rogers Tracey L. , Sepúlveda Maritza
Published: March 2020

Fatty acids have been widely used as trophic biomarkers in marine mammals. However, for the South American sea lion, the most abundant otariid in the eastern South Pacific, there is no information about blubber fatty acids and their link to diet. Here, we compare fatty acid profiles of sea lions from two distinct oceanographic regions in northern and southern Chile. Their fatty acids vary greatly between regions, suggesting dietary differences at a spatial scale. The fatty acid C22:6ω3 was more abundant in sea lions from the northern region, likely associated with consumption of anchovy, cephalopods, and crustaceans, which are rich in that fatty acid, and have been reported as their main prey items. Sea lions from the southern region were richer in C22:1 and C20:1, characteristic of teleost fish, suggesting a piscivorous diet. Males displayed a more diverse fatty acid composition than females, suggesting a wider trophic niche. Few individual sea lions within the southern region had unusually high levels of C18:2ω6, commonly found in terrestrial environments. This suggests consumption of farmed salmon, whose diet is usually based on terrestrial sources. This demonstrates how human intervention is being reflected in the tissues of a top predator in a natural environment.
A Simple Scoring Method for Predicting the Low Risk of Persistent Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Adult Patients
Authors: Matsuura Ryo , Iwagami Masao , Moriya Hidekazu , Ohtake Takayasu , Hamasaki Yoshifumi , Nangaku Masaomi , Doi Kent , Kobayashi Shuzo , Noiri Eisei
Published: March 2020

The renal angina index has been proposed to identify patients at high risk of persistent AKI, based on slight changes in serum creatinine and patient conditions. However, a concise scoring method has only been proposed for pediatric patients, and not for adult patients yet. Here, we developed and validated a concise scoring method using data on patients admitted to ICUs in 21 Japanese hospitals from 2012 to 2014. We randomly assigned to either discovery or validation cohorts, identified the factors significantly associated with persistent AKI using a multivariable logistic regression model in the discovery cohort to establish a scoring system, and assessed the validity of the scoring in the validation cohort using receiver operating characteristic analysis and the calibration slope. Among 8,320 patients admitted to the ICUs, persistent AKI was present in 1,064 (12.8%) patients. In the discovery cohort (n = 4,151), ‘hyperbilirubinemia’, ‘sepsis’ and ‘ventilator and/or vasoactive’ with small changes in serum creatinine were selected to establish the scoring. In the validation cohort (n = 4,169), the predicting model based on this scoring had a c-statistic of 0.79 (95%CI, 0.77–0.81) and was well calibrated. In conclusion, we established a concise scoring method to identify potential patients with persistent AKI, which performed well in the validation cohort.
A DNA tetrahedron nanoprobe-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer sensing platform for intracellular tumor-related miRNA detection
Authors: Gao Jiaxue , Zhang Hua , Wang Zhenxin
Published: March 2020

A DNA tetrahedron nanoprobe (DTNP)-based sensing platform for sensitive and selective detection of miRNAviaFRET with DNA assisted amplification.
Theoretical screening of single atoms anchored on defective graphene for electrocatalytic N2 reduction reactions: a DFT study
Authors: Liu Pingping , Fu Cheng , Li Yafei , Wei Haiyan
Published: March 2020

The reduction of molecular dinitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NH3) under mild conditions is attractive due to the wide application of ammonia.
Accelerating dynamic exchange and self-healing using mechanical forces in crosslinked polymers
Authors: De Alwis Watuthanthrige Nethmi , Ahammed Ballal , Dolan Madison T. , Fang Qinghua , Wu Jian , Sparks Jessica L. , Zanjani Mehdi B. , Konkolewicz Dominik , Ye Zhijiang
Published: March 2020

Surprisingly, a few seconds–minutes of compression at room temperature can increase the rate of dynamic bond exchange as measured by better self-healing, even for thermoresponsive dynamic bonds which do not exchange under ambient conditions.
Human IgG1 Fc pH-dependent optimization from a constant pH molecular dynamics simulation analysis
Authors: Lim Yee Ying , Lim Theam Soon , Choong Yee Siew
Published: March 2020

Anin silicoIgG-Fc variant with better affinity at pH 6.0 but retained the dissociation at pH 7.5 was designed.
The role of Se vacancies and Fe doping of nickel selenide in the water oxidation reaction
Authors: Mohanty Bishnupad , Jena Bikash Kumar , Kandasamy Manikandan , Dalai Namita , Sahu Ranjan Kumar , Kadam R. M. , Chakraborty Bramhananda , Jena Bijayalaxmi
Published: March 2020

Defect engineering in flower-shaped iron-doped nickel selenide as an electroactive material for water oxidation reaction.
Ultra-high energy storage performances regulated by depletion region engineering sensitive to the electric field in PNP-type relaxor ferroelectric heterostructural films
Authors: Chen Jieyu , Tang Zhehong , Yang Bo , Zhao Shifeng
Published: March 2020

PNP-type heterostructured films of P-type Na0.5Bi3.25La1.25Ti4O15 and N-type BaBi3.4Pr0.6Ti4O15 layers with the same Aurivillius layered perovskite structure are designed to regulate the energy storage performances by depletion region engineering.
A highly active Ni/Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9anode catalyst with a three-dimensionally ordered macroporous structure for solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Gan Tian , Fan Xinqiang , Liu Ye , Wang Chengyu , Mei Haoran , Fan Lijun , Hou Nianjun , Zhao Yicheng , Li Yongdan
Published: March 2020

Ni/3DOM Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9shows a high catalytic activity as the anode material of CH3OH fueled SOFCs.
Flexible bifunctional monoethylphosphonate/carboxylates of Zn(ii) and Co(ii) reinforced with DABCO co-ligand: paradigmatic structural organization with pcu topology
Authors: Goldman Anna , Gil-Hernández Beatriz , Millan Simon , Gökpinar Serkan , Heering Christian , Boldog Ishtvan , Janiak Christoph
Published: March 2020

The prototypal [M2(EtBCP)2(DABCO)0.5] MOFs, compliant with isoreticular expansion in two-dimensions, show flexibility manifested by a two-step CO2 adsorption isotherm, which might be associated to the “lever-action” of the metal-phosphonate moieties.
Substituted SrFeO3 as robust oxygen sorbents for thermochemical air separation: correlating redox performance with compositional and structural properties
Authors: Krzystowczyk Emily , Wang Xijun , Dou Jian , Haribal Vasudev , Li Fanxing
Published: March 2020

Quantification of the dopant effect on SrFeO3 provides a potentially effective strategy for developing improved sorbents for thermochemical air separation.
Exploring cooperative porosity in organic cage crystals using in situ diffraction and molecular simulations
Authors: Chen Linjiang , Che Yu , Cooper Andrew I. , Chong Samantha Y.
Published: March 2020

A porous organic cage crystal, α-CC2, shows unexpected adsorption of sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) in its cage cavities, which was investigated and rationalized using in situ diffraction and molecular simulations.
Yb3+/Er3+co-doped Dion–Jacobson niobium layered perovskites as NIR-to-green upconversion materials
Authors: Vendruscolo Victor , Giordano Luidgi , Constantino Vera Regina Leopoldo , Rodrigues Lucas Carvalho Veloso
Published: March 2020

Low-phonon lanthanide-doped layered niobate materials generated efficient green upconversion luminescence. The low defect concentration near the emitting centres favoured the upconversion process.
Role of alkali charge compensation in the luminescence of CaWO4:Nd3+ and SrWO4:Nd3+ Scheelites
Authors: Das Debarati , Gupta Santosh K. , Datrik C. S. , Nandi P. , Sudarshan K.
Published: March 2020

The present work demonstrates the distinct role of alkali metal ion charge compensators on the luminescence of NIR-emitting Nd3+ Scheelite. The unit cell dimensions of the host lattice and excitation wavelength play a very important role.
Regioselective formation of the quinazoline moiety on the upper rim of calix[4]arene as a route to inherently chiral systems
Authors: Tlustý M. , Dvořáková H. , Čejka J. , Kohout M. , Lhoták P.
Published: March 2020

N-acyl aminocalix[4]arenes were cyclized with nitriles to afford the expected quinazolines only in the case ofpara-substituted series. This strategy represents a new route to inherently chiral calixarenes potentially useful as fluorescent receptors.
A new perspective of lanthanide metal–organic frameworks: tailoring Dy-BTC nanospheres for rechargeable Li–O2 batteries
Authors: Liu Dan , Zhang Xinmin , Wang Yan-Jie , Song Shuyan , Cui Lifeng , Fan Hongbo , Qiao Xiaochang , Fang Baizeng
Published: March 2020

Nanoscaled lanthanide metal–organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs), Dy-BTC nanospheres, are explored as an O2 electrode, which demonstrate an ultrahigh discharge capacity and long cycling life.
Metal-free polycycloaddition of aldehyde-activated internal diynes and diazides toward post-functionalizable poly(formyl-1,2,3-triazole)s
Authors: Li Baixue , Qin Anjun , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: March 2020

A metal-free polycycloaddition of aldehyde-activated internal diynes and diazides was successfully established and post-functionalizable poly(formyl-1,2,3-triazole)s were readily produced.
Development and disassembly of single and multiple acid-cleavable block copolymer nanoassemblies for drug delivery
Authors: Jazani Arman Moini , Oh Jung Kwon
Published: March 2020

Acid-degradable block copolymer-based nanoassemblies are promising intracellular candidates for tumor-targeting drug delivery as they exhibit the enhanced release of encapsulated drugs through their dissociation.
Merging Cu-catalysed C–H functionalisation and intramolecular annulations: computational and experimental studies on an expedient construction of complex fused heterocycles
Authors: Wootton Timothy L. , Porter Jack A. , Grewal Karmjit S. , Chirila Paula G. , Forbes Sarah , Coles Simon J. , Horton Peter N. , Hamilton Alex , Whiteoak Christopher J.
Published: March 2020

A copper-catalysed protocol for the synthesis of fused dihydrobenzofuran-isoquinolone compounds through an intramolecular annulation of readily accessible benzamide substrates is reported, along with a full DFT study into the mechanism.
The impact of ZnO configuration as an external layer on the sensitivity of a bi-layer coated polymer optical fiber probe
Authors: Samavati Zahra , Samavati Alireza , Ismail Ahmad Fauzi , Yahya N. , Othman M. H. D. , Rahman M. A. , Bakar M. A. A. , Amiri I. S.
Published: March 2020

Detecting the salinity magnitude changes as a predominant factor for determining the chemistry of natural water bodies and biological process via label-free refractive index modified optical fiber sensors.
Facile doping of nickel into Co3O4 nanostructures to make them efficient for catalyzing the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Bhatti Adeel Liaquat , Aftab Umair , Tahira Aneela , Abro Muhammad Ishaq , Kashif samoon Muhammad , Aghem Muhammad Hassan , Bhatti Muhamad Ali , HussainIbupoto Zafar
Published: March 2020

Designing a facile and low-cost methodology to fabricate earth-abundant catalysts is very much needed for a wide range of applications.
A novel universal nano-luciferase-involved reporter system for long-term probing food-borne probiotics and pathogenic bacteria in mice by in situ bioluminescence imaging
Authors: Zhao Ning , Liu Jing-Min , Liu Shuang , Ji Xue-Meng , Lv Huan , Hu Yao-Zhong , Wang Zhi-Hao , Lv Shi-Wen , Li Chun-Yang , Wang Shuo
Published: March 2020

Schematic illustration of the preparation of bioluminescent bacteria and the experimental design of tracing of the foodborne bacteria in vivo.
Preventive effect of lemon seed flavonoids on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice
Authors: Yang Ming , Sun Fengjun , Zhou Yue , He Mei , Yao Pu , Peng Yuan , Luo Fei , Liu Fu
Published: March 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the preventive effect of lemon seed flavonoids (LSF) on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice.
Fabrication of Pd3@Beta for catalytic combustion of VOCs by efficient Pd3 cluster and seed-directed hydrothermal syntheses
Authors: Sun Wenjuan , Yang Zhenglong , Xu Yanbin , Shi Yawei , Shen Yongjie , Liu Guozhu
Published: March 2020

Encapsulated Pd3@Beta was fabricated through a novel Pd3 cluster and seed-directed method, generating an excellent performance in VOCs catalytic combustion.
meta-Selective olefination of fluoroarenes with alkynes using CO2 as a traceless directing group
Authors: Spencer Andrew R. A. , Korde Rishi , Font Marc , Larrosa Igor
Published: March 2020

A transient directing group approach using CO2 facilitates the direct meta-olefination of fluorobenzenes with alkynes.
Uncommon nonlinear rheological phenomenology in uniaxial extension of polystyrene solutions and melts
Authors: Yuan Ruchao , Liu Jianning , Wang Yangyang , Wang Shi-Qing
Published: March 2020

Unusual nonlinear rheological phenomenology in uniaxial extension of polystyrene solutions and melts.
Nanoplating of a SnO2 thin-film on MXene-based sponge for stable and efficient solar energy conversion
Authors: Zhang Qi , Fu Ze , Yu Hongtao , Chen Shuo
Published: March 2020

An effective strategy to stabilize an MXene-based sponge by nanoplating with a SnO2 thin-film reveals stable solar-driven generation of clean-water and electricity.
Advances in tuning the “d33 ∝ 1/Td” bottleneck: simultaneously realizing large d33 and high Td in Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-based relaxor ferroelectrics
Authors: Yin Jie , Tao Hong , Zhang Yuxing , Han Jihui , Huang Yanli , Li Zhitao , Zhang Xingmin , Wu Jiagang
Published: March 2020

We report the simultaneous achievement of a large d33 and a high depolarization temperature (Td) in Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-based complex oxides.
The catalytic-induced sensing effect of triangular CeO2 nanoflakes for enhanced BTEX vapor detection with conventional ZnO gas sensors
Authors: Wang Ding , Yin Yue , Xu Pengcheng , Wang Feng , Wang Ping , Xu Jingcheng , Wang Xianying , Li Xinxin
Published: March 2020

A novel bi-layer sensing structure is proposed for trace BTEX detection, where an insulated CeO2 catalyst is coated onto the top-surface of a conventional ZnO sensing layer.
Mixed-dimensional self-assembly organic–inorganic perovskite microcrystals for stable and efficient photodetectors
Authors: Wang Yunuan , Tang Yang , Jiang Jingzan , Zhang Quan , Sun Jun , Hu Yufeng , Cui Qiuhong , Teng Feng , Lou Zhidong , Hou Yanbing
Published: March 2020

Mixed-dimensional (PEA)2(MA)4Pb5Br16 perovskite microcrystals are synthesized by an anti-solvent vapor-assisted method. The photodetector based on the individual perovskite microcrystal exhibits improved performances and humidity resistance.
New lead bromide chiral perovskites with ultra-broadband white-light emission
Authors: Liu Yalan , Wang Chao , Guo Yurong , Ma Linlin , Zhou Chenyang , Liu Ya , Zhu Lina , Li Xiaozeng , Zhang Mingxing , Zhao Guangjiu
Published: March 2020

Herein, we present for the first time on the synthesis and luminescence mechanism of two chiral perovskits with white-light emission and an achiral perovskite featuring a spectral blueshift.
Mental health in academia: what’s it all about?
Authors: Caudwell Jack
Published: March 2020

Should your PhD sacrifice your mental health? Seems like a silly question to ask in 2020, maybe even rhetorical to some. However, a great deal of postgraduate researchers experience mental health issues as an unwanted by-product of their PhD. At what point does this become too much? Mental health has become one of the biggest issues put under the public spotlight in recent years, so why do we still have this archaic culture in academia? Maybe it is time for a change in how we think about what is and is not acceptable, and what resources are available to those of us who find ourselves struggling with our mental health during our research.
Bovine tongue epithelium-derived cells: A new source of bovine mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Lee Jienny , Byeon Jeong Su , Gu Na-Yeon , Lee Siu , Lee Se-A , Jeong Da-Un , Ouh In-Ohk , Cho In-Soo , Song Jae-Young , Lee Yoon-Hee , Hyun Bang-Hun
Published: March 2020

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess the ability to differentiate into multiple cell lineages, and thus, confer great potential for use in regenerative medicine and biotechnology. In the present study, we attempted to isolate and characterize bovine tongue tissue epithelium-derived MSCs (boT-MSCs) and investigate the culture conditions required for long-term culturing of boT-MSCs. boT-MSCs were successfully isolated by the collagenase digestion method and their proliferative capacity was maintained for up to 20 or more passages. We observed a significant increase in the proliferation of boT-MSCs during the 20 consecutive passages under low-glucose Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium culture condition among the three culture conditions. These boT-MSCs presented pluripotency markers (octamer-binding transcription factor 3/4 (Oct3/4) and sex determining region Y-box2 (Sox2)) and cell surface markers, which included CD13, CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD166, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I (MHC-I) but not CD11b, CD14, CD31, CD34, CD45, CD80, CD86, CD106, CD117, and MHC-II at third passage. Moreover, these boT-MSCs could differentiate into mesodermal (adipocyte, osteocyte, and chondrocyte) cell lineages. Thus, the present study suggests that the tongue of bovines could be used as a source of bovine MSCs.
TRIM31 promotes acute myeloid leukemia progression and sensitivity to daunorubicin through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling
Authors: Xiao Yi , Deng Taoran , Ming Xi , Xu Jinhuang
Published: March 2020

Tripartite motif (TRIM) 31 is a member of TRIM family and exerts oncogenic role in the progression and drug resistance of several cancers. However, little is known about the relevance of TRIM31 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Herein, we investigated the role of TRIM31 in AML. We examined the expression levels of TRIM31 in the blood samples from 34 patients with AML and 34 healthy volunteers using qRT-PCR. The mRNA levels of TRIM31 in human bone marrow stromal cells (HS-5) and five AML cell lines were also detected. Loss/gain-of-function assays were performed to assess the role of TRIM31 in AML cells proliferation, apoptosis and sensitivity to daunorubicin. The expression levels of pro-caspase 3, cleaved caspase 3, Wnt3a, β-catenin, cyclin D1 and c-Myc were measured using Western blot. TRIM31 expression levels were significantly up-regulated in AML patients and cell lines. Knockdown of TRIM31 suppressed cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis in AML-5 and U937 cells. The IC50 of daunorubicin was significantly decreased in TRIM31 siRNA (si-TRIM31) transfected cells. Oppositely, induced cell proliferation and decreased cell apoptosis were observed in pcDNA-3.1-TRIM31 transfected cells. Furthermore, knockdown of TRIM31 suppressed the activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in AML cells. Activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway by LiCl abolished the effects of si-TRIM31 on cell proliferation, apoptosis and sensitivity to daunorubicin in AML cells. In conclusion, the results indicated that TRIM31 promoted leukemogenesis and chemoresistance to daunorubicin in AML. The oncogenic role of TRIM31 in AML was mediated by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Thus, TRIM31 might serve as a therapeutic target for the AML treatment.
Application of iron nitride compound as alternative permanent magnet for designing linear generators to harvest oceanic wave energy
Authors: Molla Selim , Farrok Omar , Islam Md. Rabiul , Muttaqi Kashem M.
Published: March 2020

Most of the conventional linear generator is constructed with either Alnico (specially AlNiCo‐9) or Neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) permanent magnets (PMs) for harvesting oceanic wave energy. Alnico is a composition of aluminium (Al), nickel (Ni), and cobalt (Co) added to iron, which is its major volumetric component. Alnico has a poor magnetic energy product, and NdFeB contains a rare earth element. To overcome this issue, a recently developed rare‐earth free iron nitride (Fe16N2) compound‐based PM linear generator (PMLG) is proposed in this study as an alternative solution for avoiding rare earth material while obtaining high output power. To the best of authors’ knowledge, newly invented Fe16N2 is not proposed, analysed, and investigated in any electrical generator. In this context, Fe16N2 is proposed in a linear generator as PM for producing adequate magnetic flux. For analysis and testing the performance of the proposed material, a PMLG is designed. The performances are compared for using Fe16N2 and AlNiCo PMs in the same PMLG design for a fair comparison. It is considered that the proposed PMLG is connected to a direct drive power take‐off system. Simulation results show that the proposed PMLG having Fe16N2 generates 55% more electrical power than that of using AlNiCo. The voltage, current, magnetic flux linkage, power, and magnetic flux density of the proposed PMLG are investigated extensively and compared with those of AlNiCo. The finite element method is applied in the ANSYS/Maxwell software environment for testing the PMLG with the conventional and the proposed PMs as well as results are presented. The proposed design is also validated with a small laboratory prototype.
Enhancing performance of photovoltaic panel by cold plate design with guided channels
Authors: Chin Cheng Siong , Gao Zuchang , Han Ming , Zhang Caizhi
Published: March 2020

Photovoltaic (PV) panel is subjected to high temperatures from solar radiation. The performance of the PV panel deteriorates as the PV's operating temperature increases. This study aims to examine the cooling method using a cold plate attached to the PV panel to lower its operating temperature. The cold plate consists of several guided channels or ribbed walls of thickness 0.015 m to direct the circulating water flow from its entrance to the exit point at the back of the PV panel. The experiment demonstrates a decrease of around 21.2°C in surface temperature and improves ∼2% in electrical efficiency, 8% in thermal efficiency and 1.6% in PV panel efficiency as compared to PV panel without a cooling system. The relationship between the average PV's surface temperature and output power is obtained. The uncertainty analysis shows that the average standard deviation in PVs, electrical and thermal efficiency is not more than 1.26% when subjected to differences in the day of measurements, mass flow rate, and pressure of the pump.
La sphère orale, cible et marqueur de l’exposition environnementale
Authors: Babajko Sylvie , Lescaille Géraldine , Radoï Loredana , Thu Bui Ai , Baaroun Vanessa , Boyer Emile , Delbosc Sandrine , Chardin Hélène , Barouki Robert , Coumoul Xavier
Published: March 2020

La cavité buccale est l’une des voies majeures des contaminations environnementales connues pour être impliquées dans de nombreuses maladies chroniques via l’alimentation, les médications ou même la respiration. D’autres facteurs peuvent également influer sur l’environnement oral, certains endogènes, comme le microbiote, les variations hormonales, la salive, d’autres exogènes, comme les biomatériaux dentaires et les agents pathogènes. Cette synthèse fait le point sur l’état des connaissances, les questions et controverses sur les facteurs environnementaux courants au contact de la sphère orale impliqués dans les maladies de la cavité orale diagnostiquées chez l’adulte telles que les cancers des voies aéro-digestives supérieures, les ostéonécroses des mâchoires, et les parodontites, ces dernières pouvant d’ailleurs être directement liées à des pathologies systémiques comme les accidents vasculaires cérébraux, la maladie d’Alzheimer ou la maladie de Crohn notamment. La caractérisation des impacts environnementaux sur le microbiote oral, la salive, l’émail dentaire peut servir de marqueur pronostic précoce des maladies diagnostiquées ultérieurement, en lien avec ces expositions.
Szintigrafie beim Pferd – Ein neuer diagnostischer Blickwinkel
Authors: Freese Björn , Blum Nadine
Published: March 2020

Was wissen Sie über Szintigrafie? Haben Sie schon mal von „Fusion“ gehört? Hatten Sie vielleicht schon mal einen Patienten, der szintigrafisch untersucht wurde? Wenn klassische Untersuchungsmethoden nicht weiterhelfen, ist die Szintigrafie eine interessante Alternative. Sie kann einen ganz neuen Blickwinkel auf unklare Lahmheiten und Rittigkeitsproblematiken eröffnen. Diese Untersuchung ist für Pferde bisher nur in wenigen spezialisierten Kliniken möglich.
Outcomes in Pediatric Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery Stratified by the Use of Image Guidance: An Analysis of the Kids' Inpatient Database from 1997 to 2016
Authors: Lovin Benjamin D. , Yu Justin , Choi Jonathan S. , Patel Akash J. , Giannoni Carla M. , Gallagher K. Kelly
Published: March 2020

Background To evaluate the utilization of image guidance technology for pediatric transsphenoidal pituitary resection (TSPR) and analyze the complication rates, length of stay (LOS), and total cost for such surgeries as function of time and utilization of image guidance.

Methods The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) was queried for all cases of TSPR between 1997 and 2016. Factors extracted included patient demographics, use of image guidance, LOS, total cost, and complications, including panhypopituitarism, diabetes insipidus (DI), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea, and cranial nerve (CN) III, IV, and VI palsies. Multivariate logistic regression was utilized to determine the odds ratio of developing panhypopituitarism, DI, CSF rhinorrhea, and CN palsies for image-guided versus nonimage-guided cases. A generalized linear model was used to determine the effect of image guidance on inflation-adjusted total cost and LOS.

Results A total of 1,297 cases of TSPR were included in the KID over this time period. The majority were female, Caucasian, and older than 15 years. Utilization of image guidance has rapidly increased since 2006. Complication rates were comparable, but when controlling for other factors, the use of image guidance showed a lower risk of postoperative DI (p = 0.05). The use of image guidance also resulted in a shorter LOS by 2.84 days (p < 0.001) with no associated increase in total cost (p = 0.663).

Conclusion The use of imaging guidance for pediatric TSPR has precipitously increased in recent years, as it is cost-effective, decreases LOS, and may lead to lower complication rates, such as DI.
Recent Advances of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry and Its Innovation in China: Part 1
Authors: Tang Pei , Nie Biao , Huang Jiuzhong , Zhang Yingjun , Zhang Ji , Chen Fen-er
Published: March 2020

This review article summarizes recent developments and innovations in China's pharmaceutical process chemistry over the last several decades. Case studies of dozens of blockbuster drug processes are presented, including bulk drugs, such as the over-the-counter medicine biotin, demonstrating China's substantial effort to green its pharmaceutical processes. Owing to the increasing stringent environmental regulations, Chinese chemists have invented several cutting-edge and eco-friendly synthetic methods that are beneficial to environmental protection. Applied to large-scale industrial production, these processes have a greatly reduced environmental footprint, promoting the sustainable development of global economy and health.
Computed Tomography as a Predictor of Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma Origin, Skull Base Involvement, and Stage
Authors: Lee Jake J. , Orlowski Hilary L. P. , Schneider John S. , Roland Lauren T. , Eldaya Rami , Jiramongkolchai Pawina , Kallogjeri Dorina , Chernock Rebecca D. , Klatt-Cromwell Cristine N.
Published: March 2020

Objective To investigate the diagnostic performance of computed tomography (CT) to determine the origin, skull base involvement, and stage of sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP).

Design This is a retrospective cohort study.

Setting This is set at a tertiary care medical center.

Participants Patients with preoperative CT imaging who underwent extirpative surgery for histologically confirmed sinonasal IP between January 2005 and October 2019.

Main Outcome Measures The likely sites of tumor origin, skull base involvement, and radiographic tumor stage were determined by two board-certified neuroradiologists after re-reviewing preoperative CT imaging. These radiologic findings were then compared with intraoperative and pathologic findings.

Results Of 86 patients, 74% (64/86) had IP lesions with correctly classified sites of origin on CT. CT was not sensitive for diagnosing ethmoid sinus origin (48%, 52%), frontal sinus origin (80%, 40%), and skull base origin (17%, 17%). CT was not sensitive (62%, 57%) but specific (86%, 98%) for identifying any skull base involvement. There was substantial-to-near perfect agreement between radiographic and pathologic Cannady stages (weighted κ = 0.61 for rater 1; weighted κ = 0.81 for rater 2). Interrater agreement was substantial for identifying tumor origin (κ = 0.75) and stage (weighted κ = 0.62) and moderate for identifying skull base involvement (κ = 0.43).

Conclusion Interrater agreement on CT findings was substantial except on skull base involvement. CT correctly predicted site of tumor origin in up to 74% of subjects. CT was not sensitive for diagnosing skull base involvement but had substantial-to-near perfect agreement with pathologic tumor staging. CT is a useful but albeit limited adjunct for tumor localization and surgical planning for sinonasal IP.
Navigation-Assisted Posterior Open Reduction and Internal Fixation in a C-CLAMP Fashion for an Isolated C1 Fracture
Authors: Starnoni Daniele , Ecker Timo , Barges-Coll Juan
Published: March 2020

C1 fractures with an intact transverse ligament are usually treated conservatively. Patients who present with a progressive diastasis of bone fragments and a progressive articular subluxation mainly attributed to progressive lengthening of the transverse ligament (TAL) fibers can be treated with a C1 “C-clamp” fusion.

A 75-year-old male who sustained a motor vehicle accident was neurologically intact. A computed tomography (CT) imaging demonstrated a Jefferson's type-C1 fracture with a slight lateral displacement of the C1 left lateral mass (LM) and a rotatory subluxation on the right. MRI showed an intact TAL and demonstrated an isolated rupture of the left alar ligament. Conservative treatment was chosen. Radiographic follow-up showed, at 3 months, progressive lateral mass displacement, most likely due to elongation of the TAL fibers; this was also associated with a persistent mechanical neck pain. For this reason, we performed a posterior reduction and internal fixation in a C-clamp fashion by placement of C1 lateral mass screws and posterior compression sparing the C1–2 joint. Using navigation, a 3.5-mm screw was inserted into the LM bilaterally. The screw heads were then connected with a rod and compression was applied before tightening. Postoperative CT scan demonstrated a satisfying reduction and further imaging will be made during the follow-up. The patient had a considerable relief of neck pain. Simple lateral mass fixation with C-clamp technique is a reasonable option in case of isolated C1 fractures in patients who have failed conservative management while preserving the range of motion (ROM) at the atlanto–axial joint.

The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/x8bsVwzCt_M.
Genotype to Phenotype: Identification of Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IIIB (Sanfilippo's B) Case Using Whole Exome Sequencing
Authors: Elmas Muhsin , Gogus Basak , Kılıçarslan Furkan , Bukulmez Aysegul , Solak Mustafa
Published: March 2020

Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB (Sanfilippo's B; OMIM no.: 252920) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by defective degradation of heparan sulfate. The enzyme that has decreased function in this disease is α-N acetylglucosaminidase. This enzyme is encoded by the NAGLU gene. A 9-year-old male patient was referred to us with speech disability, developmental delay, hepatomegaly, mild learning disability, and otitis media with effusion complaints. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed because of consanguinity between the parents of the patient and the lack of specific prediagnosis. As a result of the patient's WES analysis, a homozygous mutation was detected in the NAGLU gene. The leukocyte enzyme activity was then evaluated to confirm the diagnosis. Alpha-N acetylglucosaminidase deficiency was found. Alpha-N acetylglucosaminidase activity was 0.2 nmol/mLh. WES is a successful diagnostic method in the diagnosis of the mild clinical diseases with recessive inheritance. In addition, our case is a good example of genotype to phenotype diagnosis. Because in storage diseases, the diagnosis is made by leukocyte enzyme analysis first, and then the result is confirmed by gene analysis. The opposite situation occurred in our case.
Proptosis, Orbital Pain, and Long-Standing Monocular Vision Loss Resolved by Surgical Resection of Intraosseous Spheno-Orbital Meningioma: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Parish Jonathan M. , Shields Michael , Jones Mackenzie , Wait Scott D. , Deshmukh Vinay R.
Published: March 2020

Background and Importance We present a case of a patient with a residual intraosseous sphenoid wing meningioma presenting with proptosis, orbital pain, and monocular vision loss for 8 months who underwent decompression of the optic canal, orbital contents, and orbital reconstruction resulting in significant improvement in her vision loss with full resolution of proptosis and orbital pain.

Clinical Presentation A 43-year-old female presented with a 1 year history of headache, peri-orbital pain, proptosis, and severe vision loss. She had previously undergone subtotal resection of a large Simpson Grade 1 spheno-orbital meningioma 3 years prior at an outside institution. Workup at our institution revealed hyperostosis of the left greater wing of the sphenoid bone and narrowing of the optic canal along with bony enhancement concerning for residual tumor. The patient was given the recommendation from outside institutions for radiation, presumably due to the chronicity of her visual loss. Our institution recommended resection of the residual osseous tumor with orbital reconstruction. Less than 2 weeks after surgery, the patient noted significant improvement in orbital pain and vision. At 3 months, she had regained full and symmetric orbital appearance with no orbital pain. Her visual acuity improved to 20/30 with full visual fields.

Conclusion Surgical decompression of the optic canal and orbital contents for tumor related sphenoid wing hyperostosis should be strongly considered, despite an extended duration of visual change and loss. This case report shows that vision can be significantly restored even after symptoms have been present for greater than 6 months.
Delaying Postoperative Radiotherapy in Low-Grade Esthesioneuroblastoma: Is It Worth the Wait?
Authors: Kiyofuji Satoshi , Agarwal Vijay , Hughes Joshua D. , Foote Robert L. , Janus Jeffrey R. , Moore Eric J. , Giannini Caterina , Link Michael J. , Van Gompel Jamie J.
Published: March 2020

Background Consensus in timing of radiotherapy is yet to be established in esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB).

Objective This study was aimed to investigate if planned adjuvant radiotherapy improves tumor control after complete margin negative resection of low Hyams' grade (1 or 2) ENB.

Methods A retrospective review of patients with pathologically confirmed negative margin resection of Kadish's stage B or C and Hyams' grade 1 and 2 ENBs was conducted. Seventeen patients meeting the criteria were divided into the following two groups for cohort study: (1) those who underwent planned immediate postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy (IR group) and (2) those who did not (delayed radiotherapy [DR] group).

Results The IR group included nine patients (Kadish's stage B in one and stage C in eight; Hyams' grade 1 in two and grade 2 in seven). Mean follow-up was 140.8 months. Seven patients (78%) had disease progression (DP) at a median of 88 months (four with cervical lymph node metastasis [CLNM], one with distant metastasis, and two with both local recurrence and CLNM). One patient experienced frontal lobe abscess. The DR group included eight patients (Kadish's stage B in six and stage C in two; all Hyams' grade 2). Mean follow-up was 123.3 months. Four (50%) patients who developed DP (all local recurrence) were salvaged with surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy at a median of 37.5 months. There was no statistically significant difference in DP rate (p = 0.23), time to DP (p = 0.26), or the local tumor control rate (p = 0.23).

Conclusion In our limited cohort, immediate postoperative radiotherapy did not demonstrate superiority in tumor control, although risk of radiotherapy toxicity appears low.
Structural relaxation of nanocrystalline PdAu alloy: Mapping pathways through the potential energy landscape
Authors: Deckarm Michael Johannes , Boussard Nils , Braun Christian , Birringer Rainer
Published: March 2020

Preparation history and processing have a crucial influence on which configurational state material systems assume. Glasses and nanocrystalline materials usually reside in nonequilibrium states at room temperature, and as a consequence, their thermodynamic, dynamical, and physical properties change with time—even years after manufacture. Such changes, entitled aging or structural relaxation, are all manifestations of paths taken in the underlying potential energy landscape. Since it is highly multidimensional, there is a need to reduce complexity. Here, we demonstrate how to construct a one-dimensional pathway across the energy landscape using strain/volume as an order parameter. On its way to equilibrium, we map the system’s release of energy by calorimetry and the spectrum of barrier heights by dilatometry. The potential energy of the system is reduced by approximately kBT during relaxation, whereas the crossing of saddle points requires activation energies in the order of 1eV/atom relative to the energy minima. As a consequence, the system behaves as a bad global minimum finder. We also discovered that aging is accompanied by a decrease in the non-ergodicity parameter, suggesting a decline in density fluctuations during aging.
Bond dissociation energies of diatomic transition metal selenides: ScSe, YSe, RuSe, OsSe, CoSe, RhSe, IrSe, and PtSe
Authors: Sorensen Jason J. , Tieu Erick , Morse Michael D.
Published: March 2020

The diatomic transition metal selenides, MSe (M = Sc, Y, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, and Pt), were studied by resonant two-photon ionization spectroscopy near their respective bond dissociation energies. As these molecules exhibit high densities of vibronic states near their dissociation limits, the spectra typically appear quasicontinuously at these energies. Spin–orbit and nonadiabatic couplings among the multitudes of potential curves allow predissociation to occur on a rapid timescale when the molecule is excited to states lying above the ground separated atom limit. This dissociation process occurs so rapidly that the molecules are dissociated before they can be ionized by the absorption of a second photon. This results in an abrupt drop in the ion signal that is assigned as the 0 K bond dissociation energy for the molecule, giving bond dissociation energies of 4.152(3) eV (ScSe), 4.723(3) eV (YSe), 3.482(3) eV (RuSe), 3.613(3) eV (OsSe), 2.971(6) eV (CoSe), 3.039(9) eV (RhSe), 3.591(3) eV (IrSe), and 3.790(31) eV (PtSe). The enthalpies of formation, ΔfH0K° (g), for each diatomic metal selenide were calculated using thermochemical cycles, yielding ΔfH0K° (g) values of 210.9(4.5) kJ mol−1 (ScSe), 203.5(4.5) kJ mol−1 (YSe), 549.2(4.5) kJ mol−1 (RuSe), 675.9(6.5) kJ mol−1 (OsSe), 373.9(2.6) kJ mol−1 (CoSe), 497.4(2.7) kJ mol−1 (RhSe), 557.4(6.5) kJ mol−1 (IrSe), and 433.7(3.6) kJ mol−1 (PtSe). Utilizing a thermochemical cycle, the ionization energy for ScSe is estimated to be about 7.07 eV. The bonding trends of the transition metal selenides are discussed.
Oblique drop impact on thin film: Splashing dynamics at moderate impingement angles
Authors: Chen Z. , Shu C. , Wang Y. , Yang L. M.
Published: March 2020

The oblique drop impact on the thin film is numerically investigated in this paper with special attention paid to its splashing dynamics at moderate impingement angles (45° ≤ α ≤ 75°). A three-dimensional multiphase lattice Boltzmann flux solver associated with the diffuse interface method is adopted after being validated against reference data. Efforts are made to recover the complex flow features in the oblique drop impact on the thin film at various impingement angles, film thicknesses (δ), Ohnesorge numbers (Oh), and Weber numbers (We). We found that the later stage of radial propagation of the jet base and the free rim is dominated by inertia and can be well correlated with dimensionless time τ through the square-root law. The elevation of the free rim exhibits a linear relationship with time and varies with Oh and We, indicating its connection to the splashing of minor droplets, which is also an outcome of inertia, viscosity, and surface tension. Moreover, the onset of droplet splashing is generally insensitive to δ. Based on that, a correlation between the splashing limit and the impingement angle is established and shows good agreement with numerical results at moderate impingement angles.
In silico design and validation of high-affinity RNA aptamers targeting epithelial cellular adhesion molecule dimers
Authors: Bell David R. , Weber Jeffrey K. , Yin Wang , Huynh Tien , Duan Wei , Zhou Ruhong
Published: March 2020

Significance

Epithelial cellular activating molecule (EpCAM) is vastly overexpressed in tumor cell membranes of certain carcinomas, and thus represents an auspicious clinical target for cancer therapies. To date, therapeutic targeting of EpCAM has principally involved antibodies; smaller, nucleic-acid based aptamers have shown great promise, but have not yet reached clinical application. Here, using experimentally validated in silico techniques, we have designed two RNA aptamers that bind EpCAM with improved affinity over existing aptamers. We confirm that these aptamers bind the EpCAM dimer, a complex distinct from and more physiologically relevant than the oft-targeted EpCAM monomer. This successful structure-based in silico approach advocates for the broad use of such methods in RNA aptamer design.
Fibration symmetries uncover the building blocks of biological networks
Authors: Morone Flaviano , Leifer Ian , Makse Hernán A.
Published: March 2020

A major ambition of systems science is to uncover the building blocks of any biological network to decipher how cellular function emerges from their interactions. Here, we introduce a graph representation of the information flow in these networks as a set of input trees, one for each node, which contains all pathways along which information can be transmitted in the network. In this representation, we find remarkable symmetries in the input trees that deconstruct the network into functional building blocks called fibers. Nodes in a fiber have isomorphic input trees and thus process equivalent dynamics and synchronize their activity. Each fiber can then be collapsed into a single representative base node through an information-preserving transformation called “symmetry fibration,” introduced by Grothendieck in the context of algebraic geometry. We exemplify the symmetry fibrations in gene regulatory networks and then show that they universally apply across species and domains from biology to social and infrastructure networks. The building blocks are classified into topological classes of input trees characterized by integer branching ratios and fractal golden ratios of Fibonacci sequences representing cycles of information. Thus, symmetry fibrations describe how complex networks are built from the bottom up to process information through the synchronization of their constitutive building blocks.