bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Something has to change’: A collaborative journey towards academic well-being through critical reflexive practice
Authors: Hurd Fiona , Singh Smita
Published: November 2020

Academic well-being is increasingly being eroded by the ever-shifting demands of the neoliberal university. As stressed early-career research-path academics, we both experienced an acutely depleted sense of well-being within this context. While our struggles were neither unusual nor remarkable, they exposed the difficulties inherent in blending academic work and life outside academia. Through embarking on a process of sharing our experiences with each other, we challenged the traditional silence about stress in academia. We created a shared narrative that interwove a process of writing individual vignettes, longitudinal diarising and critical reflexive questioning. Turning a critical gaze upon our struggles was a powerful means of opening up spaces of self-care within our academic practices. Here, we present the collaborative reflexive process that we used to nurture spaces of well-being in our own academic lives and thus, draw attention to the way reflexive practice can be understood as more than a tool of the researcher, becoming a tool for the researcher. We aim to shift the predominant focus of well-being remedies from being individualised and externally-oriented, to the possibility of collectively developing self-care for well-being within our academic work.
Changes in pediatric emergency department visits for mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Leff Rebecca A , Setzer Erika , Cicero Mark X , Auerbach Marc
Published: November 2020

Background:

Limited early results indicate that the COVID-19 outbreak has had a significant impact on the mental health of children and adolescents. Pediatric emergency departments (PED) play a pivotal role in the identification, treatment, and coordination of care for children with mental health disorders, however, there is a dearth of literature evaluating the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health care provision in the PED.

Objectives:

We sought to evaluate whether changes in frequency or patient demographics among children and adolescents presenting to the PED has occurred.

Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study conducted at the Yale New Haven Children’s Hospital (YNHCH) PED. Data representing the early COVID-19 pandemic period was abstracted from the electronic medical record and compared using descriptive statistics to the same time period the year prior. Patient demographics including patient gender, ED disposition, mode of arrival, race-ethnicity, and insurance status were assessed.

Results:

During the pandemic period, 148 patients presented to the YNHCH PED with mental health-related diagnoses, compared to 378 in the pre-pandemic period, a reduction of 60.84%. Compared to white children, black children were 0.55 less likely to present with a mental health condition as compared to the pre-pandemic study period ( p = 0.002; 95% CI 0.36–0.85).

Conclusions:

Children with mental and behavioral health disorders who seek care in PEDs may be at risk for delayed presentations of mental health disorders. African American children may be a particularly vulnerable population to screen for mental health disorders as reopening procedures are initiated and warrants further study.
Proactive ephemerality: How journalists use automated and manual tweet deletion to minimize risk and its consequences for social media as a public archive
Authors: Ringel Sharon , Davidson Roei
Published: November 2020

Despite their ephemeral constantly changing nature, social media constitute an archive of public discourse. In this study, we examine when, how, and why journalists practice proactive ephemerality, deleting their tweets either manually or automatically to consider the viability of social media as a public record. Based on interviews conducted with journalists in New York City, we find many journalists delete their tweets, and that software-aided mass deletion is common, damaging Twitter’s standing as an archive. Through deletion, journalists manipulate temporality, exposing the public to a brief tweeting window to reduce risks and regain control in a precarious labor market and a harassment-ridden public sphere in which employers leave them largely unprotected. When deleting tweets mechanically, journalists emulate platform logic by depending—as commercial platforms often do—on automatic procedures rather than on human expertise. This constitutes a surrender of the very qualities that make human judgment so valuable.
Investigation of deep drawing of lightweight bimetallic Al1050/SS304 sandwich composite cup
Authors: Takalkar Atul S , Chinnapandi Lenin Babu Mailan , Mathan G , Jeyanthi S
Published: November 2020

The effect of geometrical and process parameters on the deep drawing behavior of Aluminium (Al1050)/Steel (SS304) bimetallic axis-symmetric sandwich composite cup is analyzed by using numerical and experimental approaches. The parameters are selected focusing on the elimination of defects like thinning, thickening, tearing, and wrinkling. The explicit deep drawing analysis of the cylindrical cup is carried out by using the finite element software package. The obtained numerical results are utilized for the optimization and identification of significantly influencing parameters using Taguchi and ANOVA techniques and further validated by performing an experimental test. The effectiveness in the utilization of the Al1050/SS304 sandwich composite sheet for deep drawing of cups is proved by comparing it with the deep drawing of the SS304 sheet. The results suggest that the sandwich composite cup under investigation can be drawn successfully with the higher limiting drawing ratio and low thickness variation. The obtained maximum limiting drawing ratio (2.08) showed that the higher formability of the Al1050/SS304 sandwich composite sheet is possible by a sandwich of the SS304 sheet with an Al1050 sheet.
Tales of precarity: A reflexive essay on experiencing the COVID pandemic as a social work educator on a precarious contract
Authors: Whelan Joe
Published: November 2020

This is a reflexive essay that documents my experience of being a social work educator and early career researcher on a precarious contract in a university in the Republic of Ireland during the COVID-19 global pandemic. At the time of writing and during the different phases of the pandemic that have come to pass so far, I have been employed as a coordinator and lecturer on a Bachelor of Social Work (BSW) programme, while also teaching on and contributing to a number of other programmes at both undergraduate and postgraduate level. Like educators the world over, I was thrust into a space where teaching, overnight, migrated online. Like many others also, I experience this as someone with little job security, who has moved from one contract to another and who has no certainty as to what the future will bring in respect to ongoing employment. At the same time, I am keenly conscious that our students, from our first years who just started out to our fourth years on the cusp of graduation, are also reckoning with enhanced precarity and uncertainty. I aim to unpack the implications of this over the course of this essay by drawing on my recent lived experiences. In respect to method, I began documenting my experiences from the day the university closed through contemporaneous notetaking in a research journal. I also began to archive central university correspondence relating to the pandemic. I draw on these notes and materials here. While the purpose here is to offer a narrative that is not over-theorised, I do attempt to link my experiences to wider social, cultural, and political understandings so that what is presented can be described as autoethnography.
The Negro/National Newspaper Publishers Association and Its Dual Roles as a Trade and Advocacy Organization, 1940–2020
Authors: Mangun Kimberley , Perry Earnest L.
Published: November 2020

The National Newspaper Publishers Association, founded in 1940 as the Negro Newspaper Publishers Association (NNPA), served two roles from the outset. As a trade organization, it sought to professionalize the Black press by holding regular conventions, improving business practices, and implementing journalism awards. As an advocacy organization, the NNPA met with sitting presidents and high-ranking government officials to push for civil rights legislation. This study, the first to document and discuss the NNPA’s dual roles, draws on organizational records, news stories, and other primary sources by and about the NNPA since its inception to illustrate the scope of its work for the Black press and equality. The historical narrative also situates the organization in the context of the Civil Rights Movement and the long struggle for equal rights in the United States. Current advocacy and trade issues are discussed in the light of this narrative and the COVID-19 pandemic, and some suggestions for improvement are offered relative to the NNPA’s eightieth anniversary in 2020.
Revisiting promising preclinical intracerebral hemorrhage studies to highlight repurposable drugs for translation
Authors: Crilly Siobhan , Withers Sarah E , Allan Stuart M , Parry-Jones Adrian R , Kasher Paul R
Published: November 2020

Intracerebral hemorrhage is a devastating global health burden with limited treatment options and is responsible for 49% of 6.5 million annual stroke-related deaths comparable to ischemic stroke. Despite the impact of intracerebral hemorrhage, there are currently no effective treatments and so weaknesses in the translational pipeline must be addressed. There have been many preclinical studies in intracerebral hemorrhage models with positive outcomes for potential therapies in vivo, but beyond advancing the understanding of intracerebral hemorrhage pathology, there has been no translation toward successful clinical application. Multidisciplinary preclinical research, use of multiple models, and validation in human tissue are essential for effective translation. Repurposing of therapeutics for intracerebral hemorrhage may be the most promising strategy to help relieve the global health burden of intracerebral hemorrhage. Here, we have reviewed the existing literature to highlight repurposable drugs with successful outcomes in preclinical models of intracerebral hemorrhage that have realistic potential for development into the clinic for intracerebral hemorrhage.
Lactate dehydrogenase kinetics predict chemotherapy response in recurrent metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Huang Luo , Sim Adelene Y. L. , Wu Yongzhong , Liang Zhongguo , Li Kaiguo , Du Youqin , Ong Enya H. W. , Tan Hong Qi , Wee Joseph T. S. , Xie Yue , Shu Xiaolei , Wang Ying , Chua Melvin L. K. , Zhu Xiaodong
Published: November 2020

Background:

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a known prognostic biomarker for the endemic variant of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Here, we investigate whether serial changes in LDH level between chemotherapy (CT) cycles are associated with tumour response to CT.

Methods:

Patients with biopsy-proven, recurrent or treatment-naïve metastatic NPC (mNPC) were recruited. All patients had received at least two cycles of platinum-based doublet or triplet CT, with serial assessment of LDH prior to every cycle of chemotherapy (CT1–6). Patients harbouring conditions that affect LDH levels (IU/L) were excluded. Tumour response was assessed after every two cycles of CT by RECIST v1.1.

Results:

A total of 158 patients were analysed, including 77 with recurrent and 81 with treatment-naïve mNPC. High pre-CT LDH was associated with an inferior overall survival [hazard ratio 1.93 for ⩾240 versus <240 (1.34–2.77), p < 0.001], which is consistent with published literature. We found that both absolute LDH levels and LDH ratios (LDHCTn: LDHCTn–1) were associated with tumour response [partial response versus progressive disease: median value across CT1–6 = 168–190 versus 222–398 (absolute); 0.738–0.988 versus 1.039–1.406 (ratio)], albeit LDH ratio had a tighter variance between patients. Finally, we showed that an LDH ratio cut-off of 1.0 at CT1, CT3 and CT5 was predictive of progressive disease at CT2, CT4, CT6 [area under the curve of 0.73 (0.65–0.80)].

Conclusion:

Herein, we characterised the longitudinal variation of LDH in response to CT in mNPC. Our findings suggest the potential utility of interval LDH ratio to predict subsequent tumour response to CT.
Primary Arthrodesis Versus Open Reduction and Internal Fixation Outcomes for Lisfranc Injuries: An Analysis of Conflicting Meta-analyses Results
Authors: Peters Wesley , Panchbhavi Vinod
Published: November 2020

Introduction

The superiority of primary arthrodesis (PA) versus open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) in Lisfranc injuries has been debated. Meta-analyses comparing these surgical options have reached contradicting conclusions. The goal of this article is to determine why different conclusions were reached and provide clarity on the comparable outcomes of PA and ORIF in Lisfranc injuries.

Methods

A systematic literature review was conducted by searching for “meta-analysis” AND “Lisfranc” with keywords such as “ORIF” OR “open reduction” OR “arthrodesis” OR “fusion.” Five meta-analysis articles discussing PA and ORIF in Lisfranc injuries were identified. Study outcomes were extracted from each article, and contradicting conclusions were identified for analysis.

Results

PA had lower rates of hardware removal. There was no difference between PA and ORIF when considering revision surgery, anatomic reduction, postoperative infection, total complications, and patient satisfaction. However, contradicting conclusions were reached for return to duty, the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, and visual analogue scale (VAS) score. Conclusions. There was no difference in PA and ORIF for return to work and VAS score. Repeat meta-analysis with truly equivocal outcomes would be necessary to reach a valid conclusion for return to full activity and AOFAS midfoot scores.

Levels of Evidence:

Level II: Therapeutic studies
TNT equivalency analysis of specific impulse distribution from close-in detonations
Authors: Grisaro Hezi Y , Edri Idan E , Rigby Samuel E
Published: November 2020

Detonation of a high explosive close to a structural component results in a blast load that is highly localized and nonuninform in nature. Prediction of structural response and damage due to such loads requires a detailed understanding of both the magnitude and distribution of the load, which in turn are a function of the properties and dimensions of the structure, the standoff from the charge to the structure, and the composition of the explosive. It is common to express an explosive as an equivalent mass of TNT to facilitate the use of existing and well-established semi-empirical methods. This requires calculation of a TNT equivalency factor (EF), that is, the mass ratio between the equivalent mass of TNT and the explosive mass in question, such that a chosen blast parameter will be the same for the same set of input conditions aside from explosive type. In this paper, we derive EF for three common explosives: C4, COMP-B, and ANFO, using an equivalent upper bound kinetic energy approach. A series of numerical simulations are performed, and the resultant magnitudes and distributions of specific impulse are used to derive the theoretical upper bound kinetic energy that would be imparted to a flexible target. Based on the equivalent mass of TNT of each explosive, which is required to impart the same kinetic energy for a given target size and standoff distance as of TNT, the EF is calculated. It is shown that in the near-field, the EFs are non-constant and are dependent on both standoff and target size. The results in the current study are presented in a scaled form and can be used for any practical combination of charge mass, distance from the charge to the target, target size, thickness, and density.
Management of acute submacular hemorrhage using intravitreal injection of tissue plasminogen activator and gas: A case series
Authors: Karamitsos Athanasios , Papastavrou Vasileios , Ivanova Tsveta , Cottrell David , Stannard Kevin , Karachrysafi Sofia , Cheristanidis Stavros , Ziakas Nikolaos , Papamitsou Theodora , Hillier Roxane
Published: November 2020

The objective of this case series is the evaluation of the efficacy and visual outcomes after displacement of subretinal hemorrhage using intravitreal injection of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, expansile gas, and in some cases an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agent. A case series of 28 eyes of 28 patients (16 men and 12 women with age range 67–95 years) suffering from subretinal hemorrhage (duration range 1–15 days) caused by age-related macular degeneration or retinal macroaneurysm is presented. All the patients were treated with intravitreal injection of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and gas and some of them received an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agent between January 2013 and December 2016. The outcomes assessed were visual acuity (preoperatively 1 week, and 1 month postoperatively) with respect to duration and dimension of hemorrhage, displacement of hemorrhage, and possible complications of the procedure. Successful displacement of hemorrhage was achieved in 25 patients (89.3%), 18 of 28 patients had significant improvement in visual acuity 1 week after the treatment, and 22 of 28 patients had significant improvement in visual acuity 1 month after the treatment. The mean improvement of all patients with anatomical displacement of the hemorrhage in visual acuity was 0.7 ± 0.5 (LogMAR) in 1 month. Two patients developed vitreous hemorrhage after the procedure and one retinal detachment. Visual outcome a month after therapy displayed week correlation with duration, diameter, and thickness of hemorrhage. The results lead to the conclusion that intravitreal treatment of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and expansible gas with or without injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agent is effective in improving visual acuity and displacing submacular hemorrhage secondary to age-related macular degeneration and retinal macroaneurysm. The best functional outcomes can be expected in patients regardless of the size and duration of the hemorrhage.
I Don’t Want You to Be My President! Incivility and Media Bias During the Presidential Election in Chile
Authors: Saldaña Magdalena , Rosenberg Andrés
Published: November 2020

This study observes two relevant issues in today’s media ecosystem: incivility in online news comments and media bias during election periods. By analyzing 84 stories and 4670 comments published during the 2017 presidential election in Chile, we observed the extent to which news commenters addressed political figures using uncivil discourse, and the extent to which incivility and media bias were related in comments discussing the election. Results indicate incivility in comment sections of Chilean news outlets is higher than that found in the Global North, and the levels of uncivil speech are even higher when the conversation mentions female politicians, especially former president Michelle Bachelet. We also found a relationship between media bias and user bias—stories positively biased toward current president Sebastián Piñera were associated with more positive comments about him. Implications and future research are discussed.
Exploring the Influence of NGOs in Corporate Sustainability Adoption: Institutional-Legitimacy Perspective
Authors: Ceesay Lamin B.
Published: November 2020

This review seeks to examine the power and influence of Non-Governmental Organizations in the course of corporate sustainability adoption (i.e., sustainability reporting). Using the institutional-legitimacy and governance theories, our findings suggest that non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have great potentials in sustainability discourse through two salient actions, namely (a) collaborative partnership, and (b) confrontational tactics. While the former promotes stakeholder involvement in corporate decision-making through dialogue, joint-projects on corporate social responsibility, and sustainability reporting, the latter, however, is the last resort—involving “naming and shaming” corporations for poor social and environmental performance. The objective of such action is to cause reputational damage to businesses. Finally, it is also observed that crucial to NGO power and influence is the collaboration with government and civil society organizations in the fight for environmental sustainability and accountability.
A Rare Case of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Triggered by Sepsis Due to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia
Authors: Vedala Krishna , Keel Mitchell , Khan Shoaib , Kunnumpurath Anthony , Kakkera Krishna
Published: November 2020

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare disease that occurs due to unregulated immune system activation induced by various causes including infection and cancer. In this article, we report a case of a 67-year-old male with history of small cell lung cancer who developed HLH triggered by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia. The patient was initially admitted for septic shock and gastrointestinal bleed. Further workup showed that the patient met criteria for HLH diagnosis as he was positive for 5 of the 8 parameters. Unfortunately, the patient’s condition worsened and he eventually expired. With this case, we wish to draw attention to the fact that sepsis due to MRSA bacteremia can be a trigger for HLH.
Current Status of the Obstetric Compensation System for Cases of Cerebral Palsy at a General Hospital in Tochigi, Japan
Authors: Yasuaki Kobayashi , Mizue Tsukui , Akimichi Shibata , Yoshio Suda
Published: November 2020

Objective. The Japan Obstetric Compensation System for Cerebral Palsy (JOCSC) was launched in January 2009 as the first nationwide nofault compensation system. The aim of the study was to clarify the present status of functioning of the JOCSC in pediatric and obstetric departments at a general hospital. Method. Children eligible for compensation are as follows: (1) Gestational week at 32 weeks or later and birth weight of 1400 g or more, or 28 weeks or later with apparent asphyxia at birth. (2) Severe cerebral palsy related to hypoxia at delivery, not caused by congenital reasons or factors during the neonatal period. Results. Applications for the JOCSC were submitted for 11 cases (5 cases born at our hospital and 6 cases born at other childbirth facilities). Eight cases (4 cases born at our hospital and 4 cases born at other childbirth facilities) were authorized for the JOCSC. Remaining 3 cases were judged as not being eligible because of 2 cases with congenital reasons for the condition and 1 case with the judgement as mild cerebral palsy. Conclusion. Ten years have elapsed since the establishment of the JOCSC. Improved awareness of the medical staff and caregivers of children with cerebral palsy about the JOCSC should be promoted.
Many Labs 5: Registered Replication of Crosby, Monin, and Richardson (2008)
Authors: Rabagliati Hugh , Corley Martin , Dering Benjamin , Hancock Peter J. B. , King Josiah P. J. , Levitan Carmel A. , Loy Jia E. , Millen Ailsa E.
Published: November 2020

Crosby, Monin, and Richardson (2008) found that hearing an offensive remark caused subjects ( N = 25) to look longer at a potentially offended person, but only if that person could hear the remark. On the basis of this result, they argued that people use social referencing to assess the offensiveness. However, in a direct replication in the Reproducibility Project: Psychology, the result for Crosby et al.’s key effect was not significant. In the current project, we tested whether the size of the social-referencing effect might be increased by a peer-reviewed and preregistered protocol manipulation in which some participants were given context to understand why the remark was potentially offensive. Three labs in Europe and the United States ( N = 283) took part. The protocol manipulation did not affect the size of the social-referencing effect. However, we did replicate the original effect reported by Crosby et al., albeit with a much smaller effect size. We discuss these results in the context of ongoing debates about how replication attempts should treat statistical power and contextual sensitivity.
Many Labs 5: Registered Replication of Payne, Burkley, and Stokes (2008), Study 4
Authors: Ebersole Charles R. , Andrighetto Luca , Casini Erica , Chiorri Carlo , Dalla Rosa Anna , Domaneschi Filippo , Ferguson Ian R. , Fryberger Emily , Giacomantonio Mauro , Grahe Jon E. , Joy-Gaba Jennifer A. , Langford Eleanor V. , Nichols Austin Lee , Panno Angelo , Parks Kimberly P. , Preti Emanuele , Richetin Juliette , Vianello Michelangelo
Published: November 2020

To rule out an alternative to their structural-fit hypothesis, Payne, Burkley, and Stokes (2008) demonstrated that correlations between implicit and explicit race attitudes were weaker when participants were put under high pressure to respond without bias than when they were placed under low pressure. This effect was replicated in Italy by Vianello (2015), although the replication effect was smaller than the original effect. In the current investigation, we examined the possibility that the source of a study’s sample moderates this effect. Teams from eight universities, four in the United States and four in Italy, replicated the original study (replication N = 1,103). Although we did detect moderation by the sample’s country, it was due to a reversal of the original effect in the United States and a lack of the original effect in Italy. We discuss this curious finding and possible explanations.
Many Labs 5: Registered Replication of Förster, Liberman, and Kuschel’s (2008) Study 1
Authors: IJzerman Hans , Ropovik Ivan , Ebersole Charles R. , Tidwell Natasha D. , Markiewicz Łukasz , de Lima Tiago Jessé Souza , Wolf Daniel , Novak Sarah A. , Collins W. Matthew , Menon Madhavi , de Souza Luana Elayne Cunha , Sawicki Przemysław , Boucher Leanne , Białek Michał , Idzikowska Katarzyna , Razza Timothy S. , Kraus Sue , Weissgerber Sophia C. , Baník Gabriel , Kołodziej Sabina , Babincak Peter , Schütz Astrid , Sternglanz R. Weylin , Gawryluk Katarzyna , Sullivan Gavin Brent , Day Chris R.
Published: November 2020

In a test of their global-/local-processing-style model, Förster, Liberman, and Kuschel (2008) found that people assimilate a primed concept (e.g., “aggressive”) into their social judgments after a global prime (e.g., they rate a person as being more aggressive than do people in a no-prime condition) but contrast their judgment away from the primed concept after a local prime (e.g., they rate the person as being less aggressive than do people in a no prime-condition). This effect was not replicated by Reinhard (2015) in the Reproducibility Project: Psychology. However, the authors of the original study noted that the replication could not provide a test of the moderation effect because priming did not occur. They suggested that the primes might have been insufficiently applicable and the scenarios insufficiently ambiguous to produce priming. In the current replication project, we used both Reinhard’s protocol and a revised protocol that was designed to increase the likelihood of priming, to test the original authors’ suggested explanation for why Reinhard did not observe the moderation effect. Teams from nine universities contributed to this project. We first conducted a pilot study ( N = 530) and successfully selected ambiguous scenarios for each site. We then pilot-tested the aggression prime at five different sites ( N = 363) and found that it did not successfully produce priming. In agreement with the first author of the original report, we replaced the prime with a task that successfully primed aggression (hostility) in a pilot study by McCarthy et al. (2018). In the final replication study ( N = 1,460), we did not find moderation by protocol type, and judgment patterns in both protocols were inconsistent with the effects observed in the original study. We discuss these findings and possible explanations.
Many Labs 5: Registered Replication of Shnabel and Nadler (2008), Study 4
Authors: Baranski Erica , Baskin Ernest , Coary Sean , Ebersole Charles R. , Krueger Lacy E. , Lazarević Ljiljana B. , Miller Jeremy K. , Orlić Ana , Penner Matthew R. , Purić Danka , Rife Sean C. , Vaughn Leigh Ann , Wichman Aaron L. , Žeželj Iris
Published: November 2020

Shnabel and Nadler (2008) assessed a needs-based model of reconciliation suggesting that in conflicts, victims and perpetrators have different psychological needs that when satisfied increase the chances of reconciliation. For instance, Shnabel and Nadler found that after a conflict, perpetrators indicated that they had a need for social acceptance and were more likely to reconcile after their sense of social acceptance was restored, whereas victims indicated that they had a need for power and were more likely to reconcile after their sense of power was restored. Gilbert (2016), as a part of the Reproducibility Project: Psychology (RP:P), attempted to replicate these findings using different study materials but did not find support for the original effect. In an attempt to reconcile these discrepant findings, we conducted two new sets of replications—one using the RP:P protocol and another using modified materials meant to be more relatable to undergraduate participants. Teams from eight universities contributed to data collection ( N = 2,738). We did find moderation by protocol; the focal interaction from the revised protocol, but not from the RP:P protocol, replicated the interaction in the original study. We discuss differences in, and possible explanations for, the patterns of results across protocols.
Many Labs 5: Registered Replication of Albarracín et al. (2008), Experiment 5
Authors: Chartier Christopher R. , Arnal Jack D. , Arrow Holly , Bloxsom Nicholas G. , Bonfiglio Diane B. V. , Brumbaugh Claudia C. , Corker Katherine S. , Ebersole Charles R. , Garinther Alexander , Giessner Steffen R. , Hughes Sean , Inzlicht Michael , Lin Hause , Mercier Brett , Metzger Mitchell , Rangel Derek , Saunders Blair , Schmidt Kathleen , Storage Daniel , Tocco Carly
Published: November 2020

In Experiment 5 of Albarracín et al. (2008), participants primed with words associated with action performed better on a subsequent cognitive task than did participants primed with words associated with inaction. A direct replication attempt by Frank, Kim, and Lee (2016) as part of the Reproducibility Project: Psychology (RP:P) failed to find evidence for this effect. In this article, we discuss several potential explanations for these discrepant findings: the source of participants (Amazon’s Mechanical Turk vs. traditional undergraduate-student pool), the setting of participation (online vs. in lab), and the possible moderating role of affect. We tested Albarracín et al.’s original hypothesis in two new samples: For the first sample, we followed the protocol developed by Frank et al. and recruited participants via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk ( n = 580). For the second sample, we used a revised protocol incorporating feedback from the original authors and recruited participants from eight universities ( n = 884). We did not detect moderation by protocol; patterns in the revised protocol resembled those in our implementation of the RP:P protocol, but the estimate of the focal effect size was smaller than that found originally by Albarracín et al. and larger than that found in Frank et al.’s replication attempt. We discuss these findings and possible explanations.
Affective and psychotic reactivity to daily-life stress in adults with 22q11DS: a study using the experience sampling method
Authors: Schneider Maude , Vaessen Thomas , van Duin Esther D. A. , Kasanova Zuzana , Viechtbauer Wolfgang , Reininghaus Ulrich , Vingerhoets Claudia , Booij Jan , Swillen Ann , Vorstman Jacob A. S. , van Amelsvoort Thérèse , Myin-Germeys Inez
Published: November 2020

Background

22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a genetic disorder associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorders. Vulnerability for psychopathology has been related to an increased reactivity to stress. Here, we examined affective states, perceived stress, affective and psychotic reactivity to various sources of environmental stress using the experience sampling method (ESM), a structured diary technique allowing repeated assessments in the context of daily life.

Methods

Adults with 22q11DS (n = 31; age, 34.1 years) and matched healthy controls (HCs; n = 24; age, 39.9 years) were included. ESM was used to assess affective states, perceived stress, and stress reactivity. Data were analyzed using multilevel regression models.

Results

Adults with 22q11DS displayed overall higher levels of negative affect but comparable levels of positive affect compared to HCs. Higher levels of perceived stress were reported by individuals with 22q11DS. Comparable affective and psychotic reactivity in relation to all types of environmental stress was observed between the two groups.

Conclusion

The results point toward higher levels of negative affect and differences in the perception of daily hassles in 22q11DS but no difference in affective or psychotic reactivity to stress. This study contributes to the growing literature regarding the impact of stress on the development of psychopathology in the 22q11DS population.
Plastomes of eight Ligusticum species: characterization, genome evolution, and phylogenetic relationships
Authors: Ren Ting , Li Zi-Xuan , Xie Deng-Feng , Gui Ling-Jian , Peng Chang , Wen Jun , He Xing-Jin
Published: November 2020

Background

The genus Ligusticum consists of approximately 60 species distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. It is one of the most taxonomically difficult taxa within Apiaceae, largely due to the varied morphological characteristics. To investigate the plastome evolution and phylogenetic relationships of Ligusticum, we determined the complete plastome sequences of eight Ligusticum species using a de novo assembly approach.

Results

Through a comprehensive comparative analysis, we found that the eight plastomes were similar in terms of repeat sequence, SSR, codon usage, and RNA editing site. However, compared with the other seven species, L. delavayi exhibited striking differences in genome size, gene number, IR/SC borders, and sequence identity. Most of the genes remained under the purifying selection, whereas four genes showed relaxed selection, namely ccsA, rpoA, ycf1, and ycf2. Non-monophyly of Ligusticum species was inferred from the plastomes and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences phylogenetic analyses.

Conclusion

The plastome tree and ITS tree produced incongruent tree topologies, which may be attributed to the hybridization and incomplete lineage sorting. Our study highlighted the advantage of plastome with mass informative sites in resolving phylogenetic relationships. Moreover, combined with the previous studies, we considered that the current taxonomy system of Ligusticum needs to be improved and revised. In summary, our study provides new insights into the plastome evolution, phylogeny, and taxonomy of Ligusticum species.
Novel nonsense mutation p. Gln264Ter in the ANK1 confirms causative role for hereditary spherocytosis: a case report
Authors: Chai Senmao , Jiao Rong , Sun Xiaodong , Fu Pan , Zhao Qiang , Sang Ming
Published: November 2020

Background

Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is the most common haemolytic anaemia caused by congenital membrane defects of red blood cells. The name derives from the presence of spherical red blood cells in the peripheral blood. Clinical manifestations of HS are anaemia, haemolytic jaundice, and large spleen, and infection can worsen the condition, often with cholelithiasis. HS is mainly caused by abnormal functions of the products of six genes. Splenectomy is the main treatment for HS.

Case presentation

Half a day after birth, the proband exhibited HS-related symptoms, with progressive aggravation. Routine examination in the outpatient department showed an increase in white blood cells and a decrease in red blood cells. His mother had HS and a partial splenectomy. We suspected that the infant might also have HS. Genomic DNA samples were extracted from the three members of the HS trio pedigree, and genomic whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed. The three DNA samples were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by Sanger sequencing to identify mutation sites. A novel nonsense heterozygous mutation, c.790C > T (p. Gln264Ter), in the ANK1 gene, which causes premature termination of translation, was found in this Chinese family with autosomal dominant HS.

Conclusions

This de novo nonsense mutation can cause the onset of HS in early childhood, with severe symptoms. Expanding the ANK1 genotype mutation spectrum will lay a foundation for the further application of mutation screening in genetic counselling.
Impact of iodine supplementation during preconception, pregnancy and lactation on maternal thyroid homeostasis and offspring psychomotor development: protocol of the IodineMinho prospective study
Authors: Lopes-Pereira Maria , Roque Susana , Costa Patrício , Quialheiro Anna , Santos Nadine Correia , Goios Ana , Vilarinho Laura , Correia-Neves Margarida , Palha Joana Almeida
Published: November 2020

Background

Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of preventable brain harm and cognitive impairment in children. Portuguese women of childbearing age, pregnant women and their progeny were shown to have inadequate iodine intake. Consequently, the Portuguese Health Authorities have recommended a daily supplementation with 150–200 µg iodine in preconception, pregnancy, and lactation. The IodineMinho study intends to evaluate whether (i) this recommendation impacted on the prevalence of iodine deficiency in pregnant women from the Minho region of Portugal, (ii) the time of initiation of iodine supplementation (if any) influences the serum levels of thyroid hormones at several intervals during pregnancy and (iii) there are serum thyroid-hormone parameters in the 1st trimester of pregnancy that predict psychomotor development of the child at 18 months of age.

Methods

Most Portuguese women are followed throughout pregnancy in community Family Health Units, where family physicians may choose to follow the National recommendation or other, concerning iodine sufficiency. This study will recruit women (N = 304) who intend to become pregnant or are already pregnant from 10 representative Units. Physician’s approach and prescriptions, sociodemographic, nutrition and clinical information will be obtained at baseline and throughout pregnancy. To evaluate endocrine function, blood and urine samples will be collected at recruitment, once in each trimester of pregnancy, at delivery and 3 months after delivery. Breastmilk samples will be collected for iodine and energy content analysis. Children will be evaluated for psychomotor development at 18 months. Maternal thyroid volume will be evaluated by ultrasound scan at baseline, in the 3rd trimester and at 3 months after delivery.

Discussion

Iodine deficiency early during development precludes children from achieving full intellectual capabilities. This protocol describes a study that is innovative and unique in its detailed and comprehensive evaluation of maternal and child endocrine and psychomotor parameters. By evaluating the effectiveness of the iodine supplementation recommendation, it will contribute to the public health systems’ efforts to provide excellence in maternal and infant care.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04288531. Registered 28 February 2020-Retrospectively registered.
Development and utility assessment of a machine learning bloodstream infection classifier in pediatric patients receiving cancer treatments
Authors: Sung Lillian , Corbin Conor , Steinberg Ethan , Vettese Emily , Campigotto Aaron , Lecce Loreto , Tomlinson George A. , Shah Nigam
Published: November 2020

Background

Objectives were to build a machine learning algorithm to identify bloodstream infection (BSI) among pediatric patients with cancer and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients, and to compare this approach with presence of neutropenia to identify BSI.

Methods

We included patients 0–18 years of age at cancer diagnosis or HSCT between January 2009 and November 2018. Eligible blood cultures were those with no previous blood culture (regardless of result) within 7 days. The primary outcome was BSI. Four machine learning algorithms were used: elastic net, support vector machine and two implementations of gradient boosting machine (GBM and XGBoost). Model training and evaluation were performed using temporally disjoint training (60%), validation (20%) and test (20%) sets. The best model was compared to neutropenia alone in the test set.

Results

Of 11,183 eligible blood cultures, 624 (5.6%) were positive. The best model in the validation set was GBM, which achieved an area-under-the-receiver-operator-curve (AUROC) of 0.74 in the test set. Among the 2236 in the test set, the number of false positives and specificity of GBM vs. neutropenia were 508 vs. 592 and 0.76 vs. 0.72 respectively. Among 139 test set BSIs, six (4.3%) non-neutropenic patients were identified by GBM. All received antibiotics prior to culture result availability.

Conclusions

We developed a machine learning algorithm to classify BSI. GBM achieved an AUROC of 0.74 and identified 4.3% additional true cases in the test set. The machine learning algorithm did not perform substantially better than using presence of neutropenia alone to predict BSI.
Integration and social determinants of health and wellbeing for people from refugee backgrounds resettled in a rural town in South Australia: a qualitative study
Authors: Ziersch Anna , Miller Emily , Baak Melanie , Mwanri Lillian
Published: November 2020

Background

There has been a recent focus on resettlement of migrants and refugee in rural settings in Australia and elsewhere. Rural resettlement is seen as an opportunity to revitalise rural communities, to fill the needs of employers in these areas, and to provide a welcoming community within which new arrivals can integrate and settle. However, challenges to rural resettlement have been identified including difficulties securing employment, discrimination and social isolation. These challenges can affect resettlement outcomes including health and wellbeing, though relatively little research has examined these links. In this paper we explored experiences of people from refugee background settling in a rural Australian town, examining interconnections between social determinants of health (SDH) and integration.

Methods

Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 44 participants from Southeast Asia and Africa in a rural setting in South Australia, covering experiences of resettlement and impacts on health and wellbeing. Participants were recruited through existing connections within the community and snowball sampling. Audio recorded data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using framework thematic analysis.

Results

The study findings revealed a mixture of settlement experiences for participants across a range of elements of SDH and integration. A sense of safety and some elements of social connectedness and support were key enablers for integration and health and wellbeing, with main challenges including limitations in employment opportunities, mismatched education provision, experiences of discrimination and constrained access to services.

Conclusions

Challenges experienced by refugees resettled in rural areas can affect integration, health and wellbeing and subsequent onward migration intentions. Attention to broader socioeconomic, cultural and environmental conditions, alongside tailored settlement support policies and practices for individual rural resettlement sites, is required to support integration and health and wellbeing.
Circulating soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products and other factors in type 2 diabetes patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhou Xiaohai , Lin Ning , Zhang Mingjie , Wang Xiaoling , An Ye , Su Qing , Du Peng , Li Bo , Chen Hanbei
Published: November 2020

Background

Recent study showed that individuals with type 2 diabetes have a high risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC), in which Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) plays a pivotal role. We conducted a cross-sectional study to examine the relationships of circulating sRAGE, CRC and other clinical factors in type2 diabetes patients.

Methods

A total of 150 type 2 diabetes patients aged 50 years and older were enrolled, including 50 patients with CRC and 100 patients without CRC. We measured Serum levels of sRAGE and interleukin-6(IL-6) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, other clinical parameters were also measured during hospitalization.

Results

Type 2 diabetes patients with CRC had higher triglyceride, total cholesterol, IL-6, and circulating sRAGE levels and lower use of medicines than type 2 diabetes patients without CRC. Circulating sRAGE was associated with an increased risk for CRC (OR = 2.289 for each SD increase in sRAGE, 95% CI = 1.037–5.051;P = 0.04) among Type 2 diabetes patients after adjustment for confounders. Furthermore, circulating sRAGE levels among type 2 diabetes patients were positively correlated with triglyceride (r = 0.377,P < 0.001), total cholesterol (r = 0.491,P < 0.001), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c)(r = 0.330,P < 0.001) levels; the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)score (r = 0.194,P = 0.017); and fasting serum insulin (r = 0.167,P = 0.041) and IL-6 (r = 0.311,P < 0.001) concentrations.

Conclusions

Our results suggested that circulating sRAGE is independently risk factor for CRC, and also closely related to inflammation, dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes patients.
Women’s appraisal, interpretation and help-seeking for possible symptoms of breast and cervical cancer in South Africa: a qualitative study
Authors: Harries Jane , Scott Suzanne E. , Walter Fiona M. , Mwaka Amos D. , Moodley Jennifer
Published: November 2020

Background

In South Africa, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and cervical cancer the leading cause of cancer mortality. Most cancers are diagnosed at a late-stage and following symptomatic presentation. The overall purpose of the study was to inform interventions aimed at improving timely diagnosis of breast and cervical cancer.

Methods

In-depth interviews were conducted with women with potential breast or cervical cancer symptoms from urban and rural South Africa. Participants were recruited from a community-based cross-sectional study on breast and cervical cancer awareness. Data were analysed using a thematic analysis approach.

Results

Eighteen women were interviewed (10 urban, 8 rural): the median age was 34.5 years (range 22–58). Most were unemployed, and five were HIV positive. Themes included impact and attribution of bodily changes; influence of social networks and health messaging in help-seeking; management of symptoms and help-seeking barriers. Breast changes were often attributed to manual activities or possible cancer. Women were often unsure how to interpret vaginal symptoms, attributing them to HIV, hormonal contraceptives, or partner infidelity. Concerns about cancer were based on health information from the radio, social networks, or from primary care providers. Prompt care seeking was triggered by impact of symptoms on personal lives. Rural women, especially with possible symptoms of cervical cancer, experienced challenges during help-seeking including judgmental attitudes of clinic staff. Most participants were skeptical of traditional medicine.

Conclusions

This is the first study exploring interpretation of possible breast and cervical cancer symptoms at a community level in South Africa. The process of interpreting bodily changes, symptom attribution and help-seeking is complex and influenced by women’s everyday life experiences. Timely diagnosis interventions should not only include cancer symptom awareness but also address individual, structural and health systems related barriers to care.