bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marching Band Camp Injury Rates at the Collegiate Level
Authors: Moffitt Dani M , Russ Anne C , Mansell Jamie L
Published: October 2018

Aims: Marching band camp injuries were recorded over the course of 1 week (10 field practices) to determine injury rate for preseason. Methods: Members were instructed to self-report any type of injury that occurred. The collected data were coded and analyzed for total injuries and
injuries per section. The injury counts, along with total practices and band members per section, were used to calculate injury rate per 1,000 exposures for total injury and injury per section. Results: There were a total of 191 injuries reported in 1,540 practice exposures. The overall injury
rate was 124.03/1,000 exposures. The instrument with the highest injury rate was the mellophone (220.0/1,000 exposures), followed by the trombone (190.0/1,000 exposures), and percussion (184.62/ 1,000 exposures). The instrument with the lowest injury rate was the clarinet (43.75/1,000 exposures).
Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that marching band is a strenuous activity and deserves to be considered an area of emerging practice for athletic trainers and other health care professionals.
Musicians and Dystonia: Is Sleep Part of the Problem?
Authors: Akamine RT , Hirotsu C , Andersen ML , Tufik S
Published: October 2018

We would like to congratulate Lee and Altenmuller for their recent study showing important findings about the characterization of a task-specific dystonia in a young professional percussionist.1 The authors presented in an elegant way the EMG investigation and treatment approach and
the possible differential diagnoses, raising an important question about the need for physicians’ awareness of this condition when considering musicians’ health. We would like to add a new point of view in order to contribute with this discussion and provide critical thinking for
a multidisciplinary approach to this type of dystonia, which may affect many individuals and result in severe compromise of musical technical performance. One factor that could also be potentially associated with the percussion-related dystonia is sleep.
Abstracts from the Literature, No. 67
Authors: Dawson William J
Published: October 2018

Installment no. 67
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RISK MANAGEMENT MECHANISM FOR INNOVATION PROJECT
Authors: Shakhov Anatoliy , Piterska Varvara
Published: October 2018

It is established that the high probability of emergence of risk situations in the innovation project, requires the implementation of risk management measures. It is noted that there is currently no mechanism for distributing of financial risks between the customer and the executor of the innovation project, that is largely negatively reflected in the desire to invest own funds in innovation. The methodological bases of risk management of innovative activity of the project-oriented organization are offered in the article. With the proposed approach, it is possible to estimate in advance how much the proposed risk management measures can reduce the risk of an innovation project and how this activity will affect on the project's effectiveness in deciding whether to continue or stop the innovation project research. On the basis of the existing characteristics of the risk measures of the innovation project, it can be concluded that the best indicator of the effectiveness of a certain stage of the innovation project by the results of simulation is net present value of the project. It is better to use the probability of receiving an ineffective result of an innovation project at an appropriate stage for assessing of the risk of the innovation project and the decision to continue or stop the innovation project at a certain stage.
RATIONAL CHOICE OF TWO-SUPPORT SPINDLES FOR MACHINING CENTERS WITH LUBRICATION SYSTEM
Authors: Krol Oleg , Tsankov Petko , Sokolov Volodymyr
Published: October 2018

In the multivariate design mode, based on the effective parallel design facilities, the rational choice of the design of the two-support spindle for the machining center is the main aim of this article. A modified scheme for selecting a spindle unit is proposed, which reflects the procedure for the formation of its main components: "Representations on the Spindle Unit Variations" and "Representations on the Designer's preferences". A concept is introduced and a component of the selection scheme is described: "Procedural model", which makes it possible to realize the mechanism of forming preferences of the machine tool builder in the process of selecting the best design alternative. 3D models of the horizontal and vertical spindle heads for the multi-operation CNC machine are developed on the basis of the proposed modified scheme of rational choice. The analysis of various methods and technology of spindle units lubrication is presented and it is shown how the declarative (the most complete description of the methods and features of lubrication) representation in the selection of design priorities and the adoption of design solutions is used. The introduction of rational choice facilities into the practice of design activities in the field of machine tool building improves the efficiency of the multivariate design with a return character, significantly increasing the productivity of work and the quality of the design decisions.
INVESTIGATION OF THE APPLICATION OF A NEW METHOD OF EXTRACTION INTENSIFICATION OF PECTIN SUBSTANCES FROM A BEET PULP
Authors: Deynichenko Gregoriy , Guzenko Vasyl , Dmytrevskyi Dmytro , Chervonyi Vitalii , Kolisnichenko Tatiana , Omelchenko Aleksandr , Melnik Olga , Simakova Olga , Nykyforov Radion
Published: October 2018

The aim of research is studying a new method for intensifying extraction of pectin substances during acid extraction of pectin-containing raw materials. The description of the experimental setup and the procedure for processing the results of the investigation of the application of a new method for intensifying the beet pulp extraction are described. The results of experimental studies on the application of a new combined mixing element for intensifying the extraction of pectin-containing raw materials (beet pulp) and its effect on quantitative and qualitative output characteristics are presented. Mathematical models are constructed on the basis of regression equations of the full factorial experiment with the use of a new method of intensifying the extraction process to select input technological parameters for the extraction of pectin substances from pectin-containing raw materials. The rational operating parameters of the process of extraction of pectin substances with the use of a new combinable stirring element are determined. Such working parameters are: the process duration is 1 ... 1.1, the temperature of the working medium is 60 ... 70 ºС, and the hydromodule is 8 ... 10. The research results can be used to study other technological parameters of the extraction process of pectin substances, as well as to develop a technological line for the production of pectin products.
Editorial Franciscanum 167
Authors: Bonilla Morales Jaime Laurence
Published: October 2018

Proceso de autoevaluación, acreditación e indexación de la revista. Presentación de cada artículo.
La comprensión de fuerzas y actitudes. Notas para una contribución wittgensteiniana a la hermenéutica
Authors: Pérez Jiménez Miguel Ángel
Published: October 2018

El objetivo de este escrito es señalar algunas contribuciones que pueden desprenderse de los trabajos del Wittgenstein tardío para la hermenéutica. Aprovechando las distinciones entre actitud psicológica y contenido, y entre fuerza ilocucionaria y contenido, efendemos que la hermenéutica es una teoría de la interpretación útil para los contenidos, pero insuficiente para las actitudes y las fuerzas. Allí estaría una de sus limitaciones. Con ayuda de los trabajos de Wittgenstein reconstruimos algunos elementos básicos que permiten la interpretación de las actitudes, incluso con independencia de la interpretación de los contenidos. En ello reposaría una de sus contribuciones a la hermenéutica.
Hospitalidade e Violência. Sobre um possível fundamento religioso anterior ao estado laico
Authors: Duque João Manuel
Published: October 2018

O artigo aborda a relação entre violência, política e religião. Indo além da tese de René Girard, propõe uma compreensão do religioso assente na categoria do dom excessivo, por inspiração em Paul Ricoeur. É nesse contexto que também a categoria da hospitalidade, tal como trabalhada sobretudo por Jacques Derrida e por Hans-Dieter Bahr, pode ser reconhecida como categoria religiosa, anterior às estruturas políticas dos estados laicos territoriais, baseados na distinção entre nacional e estrangeiro. A dimensão da hospitalidade é a dimensão da pessoa, prévia e mais fundamental do que a dimensão do estado.
La educación del cuerpo en fray Luis Amigó y Ferrer
Authors: Rúa Penagos Jonathan Andrés
Published: October 2018

La filosofía, más que la repetición de conceptos, es una manera de vivir, de ser y percibir al ser humano. La antropología filosófica es el área del conocimiento que se ocupa de esa tarea. Los pensadores cristianos han aportado al desarrollo de este objetivo con la intención de dirigir la existencia hacia el sumo bien, abarcando todas las dimensiones del sujeto. El propósito de esta investigación es explorar el sentido que fray Luis Amigó le otorga a la educación corporal en el contexto de su propuesta formativa. Metodológicamente, se recurre a un paradigma cualitativo de enfoque histórico hermenéutico y de alcance exploratorio y descriptivo. Se concluye que la educacióndel cuerpo en fray Luis Amigó tiene como propósito el ejercicio de la voluntad, las costumbres y las pasiones en el ámbito de prácticas higiénicas que potencian la salud del cuerpo y del alma.
Pasiones sacerdotales. Análisis semiótico del Modelo de examen particular del arzobispo Manuel José Mosquera (1848)
Authors: Vega Rincón Jhon Janer
Published: October 2018

En este estudio se indaga por la configuración discursiva del sujeto pasional en el Plan de vida para un sacerdote, pastor de almas, escrito por el arzobispo colombiano Manuel José Mosquera y publicado en 1848. Específicamente se centra en su Modelo de examen particular orientado al control de la pasión dominante. La aproximación se hace desde la Semiótica de las pasiones con miras al restablecimiento de los aspectos afectivos tal como se pueden observar en el discurso. El objetivo central es aplicar el recorrido analítico semiótico a un texto prescriptivo propio del catolicismo tradicionalista decimonónico y, de este modo, contribuir al estudio semiótico de las pasiones en un espacio de indagación poco visitado.
Prácticas de espiritualidad según Elizabeth Liebert. Aproximación a su pensamiento y ejemplificación en un estudio de caso
Authors: Mazzini María Marcela
Published: October 2018

El objetivo del presente artículo es establecer el significado de «prácticas de espiritualidad» según Elizabeth Liebert y realizar una aplicación de esta expresión en el estudio de un caso. Luego de presentar a la autora, el concepto elegido y de señalar su importancia, se hará foco en una definición-descripción de lo que sería para Liebert una práctica de espiritualidad, desde esa perspectiva se analizarán los puntos de contacto entre teología pastoral y la espiritualidad como disciplina académica, la relación entre práctica y experiencia y el rol que cumplen las prácticas en el desarrollo de la espiritualidad como disciplina académica. En esta primera parte se seguirán especialmente cuatro de los escritos de Liebert. En un segundo momento, se expondrá de qué modo los conceptos de Liebert sobre prácticas de espiritualidad podrían aplicarse el estudio de un caso.
Reseña Meza, José Luis, Dir. El arte de interpretar en Teología. Compendio de hermenéutica teológica.
Authors: Prada Londoño Manuel Alejandro
Published: October 2018

Reseña Meza, José Luis, Dir. El arte de interpretar enTeología. Compendio de hermenéutica teológica.Bogotá: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, 2017.
Level of endoparasite infection in free-living wild boars in relation to carcass weight and sex
Authors: JANKOWSKA-MĄKOSA ANNA , KNECHT DAMIAN , NICPOŃ JAKUB , NICPOŃ JÓZEF , DUZIŃSKI KAMIL
Published: October 2018

Research into the determination of intestinal parasitic levels in free-living animals can provide knowledge enabling action to be taken to improve their health status. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the carcass weight of wild boars and the degree of endoparasite infection. The research was performed on 165 culled wild boars, from which a representative group (n = 50) was separated and divided according to sex (males n = 24, females n = 26) and age (2-3 years). Separate weight groups were defined for males (< 70 kg, n = 6; 70-80 kg, n = 9; > 80 kg, n = 9) and females (< 45 kg, n = 10; 45-60 kg, n = 10; > 60 kg, n = 6). Oesophagostomum spp., Ascaris suum, Trichuris suis, Eimeria spp. and Strongyloides ransomi were observed and defined in the study population. A statistically significant effect of the overall infection on carcass weight was obtained (F = 9.96; P ≤ 0.01). In the case of overall infection, a more than 7 kg lower carcass weight was observed in infected males. A carcass weight over 15 kg lower was noted for overall infection of females (F = 38.47; P ≤ 0.01), for which average EPG was 2946.67 ± 6485.31 with a median of 400 (50-25 300). Correlations were proven between sex and the average number of Eimeria spp. oocysts, and carcass weight for males (r = –0.84, P ≤ 0.05). In the case of females, correlations were noted between carcass weight and infection by nematodes (r = –0.63, P ≤ 0.05). Studies have shown that there is a need to monitor the environment in order to improve the condition of free-living animals.
أثر عمل أهل المدينة و تطبيقاته في الجزائر
Authors: Bouchiba Abdellatif
Published: October 2018

This paper describes 'amal ahl Madīnah (the activity of the Medina people), which became one of the judges of Imām Mālik and his influence on the practice of the activity of the Algerian people which incidentally was Maliki. The charity of the Medina expert is the ijmā’ ahl Madīnah (agreement of the Medina people) for several reasons; first, that the Islamic Shari'a and its jurisprudence descended on Medina; Second, the inhabitants of Medina listened and watched the revelation come down, so that they understood the condition of the Prophet at the time of the revelation. Third, that their transmission takes precedence over transmission other than that. Among the Medina Expert charities used in Algeria is the problem of agricultural/plant zakat, the problem of milk content that can make a woman become maḥrām for children who in their arrangement and become one of the verses in the Family Law in Algeria.

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هذا البحث فيه بيان عن عمل أهل المدينة الذي يعتبره الإمام مالك حجة كما فيه بيان عن أثر عمل أهل المدينةفي تطبيقاته الفقهية العملية في الجزائر، التي عُرفت باعتمادها على المذهب المالكي في الفقه و الفتوى . فعمل أهل المدينة يعتبر إجماعا عند الإمام مالك وذلك لأسباب: أولا، أن القرآن المشتمل على الشرائع وفقه الإسلام نزل في المدينة ، وأهلها هم أول من وجه إليهم التكليف ، ومن خوطبوا بالأمر والنهي ، وأجابوا داعي الله فيما أمر ، فهي دار هجرة النبي عليه الصلاة والسلام ومهبط الوحي ، ومستقر الإسلام ، وجمع الصحابة ، فلا يخرج الحق عن أهلها .ثانيا،  أنّ أهل المدينة شاهدوا التنزيل، وسمعوا التنزيل ، وكانوا أعرف بأحوال الرسول .ثالثا، أنّ رواية أهل المدينة مقدمة على رواية غيرهم ، فكان إجماعهم حجة على غيرهم. ومن التطبيقات الفقهية العملية في الجزائر التي تعتمد على عمل أهل المدينة هي مسألة في زكاة الفلاحة المتمثلة في الفواكه والخضروات وكذلك مسألة المقدار المحرم في الرضاعة هذا هو المعمول به في الجزائر بين الناس وفي قانون الأحوال الشخصية الجزائرية.
Short-term changing patterns of stem water isotopes in shallow soils underlain by fractured bedrock
Authors: Sun Long , Yang Lei , Chen Liding , Zhao Fangkai , Li Shoujuan
Published: October 2018

Knowledge is limited on the changes in tree water uptake over short timescales in shallow soils underlain by fractured rocks under humid climate conditions. This study explored the changing patterns of tree water uptake at two forests (camphor) and two orchards (peach and tea) over multi-day timescales. We collected water isotopic samples (δD and δ18O) from rainfall, spring, tree branch, soil and fissure between two rain events (8-day duration). The trees in the forest lands exhibited a larger variability in stem water isotopic composition than the trees in the orchards. Significantly different changing patterns of stem water isotopic composition were found between the orchards and the forest lands. On average, the fissure contributed most of the tree water uptake (46.1 ± 20.8%) compared to the soil layer (33.9 ± 17.7%) and shallow groundwater (20.0 ± 13.5%). Main water sources for the trees in this study shifted at a daily timescale. Compared to orchards, forest trees had a relatively large range of source water and a good water use strategy in the shallow soil–rock profile under humid climate conditions. This study emphasizes the importance of characterization of the changing patterns of stem water isotopic composition over short timescales.
Developing a water quality index in a tropical reservoir using a measure of multiparameters
Authors: Quevedo-Castro Alberto , Rangel-Peraza Jesús G. , Bandala Erick , Amabilis-Sosa Leonel , Rodríguez-Mata Abraham , Bustos-Terrones Yaneth
Published: October 2018

A water quality index (WQI) for the Adolfo López Mateos Dam (ALMD) was developed based on statistical multiparameter tools assisted with linear programming. ALMD was selected due to its social and economic significance in Sinaloa, the state with the highest agricultural production in Mexico. Twenty-six water-quality parameters were analyzed for four sampling points distributed along the dam during 2012–2017. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation matrix, principal components analysis (PCA) and sensitivity analysis (SA). Results indicated that variables explaining spatial and temporal water quality distribution at ALMD were total suspended solids, fecal coliforms, pH, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, nitrate nitrogen, organic nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, total phosphorus, orthophosphates and chlorophyll a. A series of pondering weights (Wi) were obtained from the PCA analysis. Every Wi was multiplied by the probability function of the specific parameter (SIi) to generate the WQIALMD model. The model was applied to address water quality at ALMD which describes the general overall water quality in the dam as ‘good’. Finally, a sensitivity analysis for the model showed that the most sensitive WQI variables were: fecal coliforms, total phosphorus, organic nitrogen, and chlorophyll a.
Effects of river sinuosity on the self-purification capacity of the Shiwuli River, China
Authors: Xiao Chenguang , Chen Jing , Chen Dan , Chen Ruidong
Published: October 2018

This study focused on the correlation between river sinuosity and self-purification capacity, using the Shiwuli River in Hefei, China, as a case. Through field monitoring, the reduction rate of each pollutant per unit length of river reach and its correlation with the corresponding sinuosity were analysed. The results show that river sinuosity has different degrees of positive correlation with the growth rate of dissolved oxygen (DO) and the reduction rates of total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and total phosphorus (TP). River sinuosity needs to be above 1.42 to ensure the river's basic self-purification capability. We also discuss the mechanism of river sinuosity on water body self-purification and propose the increase in river sinuosity to improve the river's capacity to purify water from pollutants. This measure could enhance the growth rate of DO, the longitudinal hyporheic exchange flow, and the action time of other basic self-purification factors of the river. This study could help scientific decision-making in river reconstruction planning in the process of urbanization in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China.
The IG- file use to Gauge the Apical Diameter in Endodontics: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Amato Massimo , Iandolo Alfredo , Pantaleo Giuseppe , Abtellatif Dina , Simeone Michele , Lizio Angelo , Lo Giudice Roberto , Lo Giudice Giuseppe
Published: October 2018

Aim:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the IG-file, a new instrument designed for apical diameter gauging.

Materials and Methods:

After shaping with F1 Universal Protaper, 60 roots were randomly divided into two groups and assigned to two operators, One Expert in Endodontics (EO) and One Unexpert (UO).

In each sample, after canal curvatures have been detected, the apical diameters were measured with the IG-file and the K-NiTi. The results were compared with the reference value obtained by retrograde apical gauging. The data were statistically analyzed.

Results:

Among 60 samples, 10% of errors were recorded when the IG-files were used; in the K-NiTi group the incorrect measurements were 70%.

In both groups (expert and unexpert) the IG-file measurements were more accurate than the K-NiTi (90vs33 and 90vs26,7). The differences were statistically significant.

In curved canals, the difference between measurement rates performed with both instruments was statistically significant (85,7% IG-filevs28,6% K-NiTi) as well as for the samples without curvatures (92,3% IG filevs30,8% NiTi file).

In root canals without curvatures overestimation errors in K-NiTi file group are more frequent than underestimation errors. This difference was statistically significant.

Conclusion:

A proper gauging of the apical diameter has a key role in endodontic therapy; an incorrect measurement can lead to clinical failures. This “in vitro” study highlights that IG-file improves measurement accuracy independently from clinician experience. Furthermore, in curved canals, the IG-file is more accurate than K-NiTi.
Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Management of Radiation Hazards in Dentistry
Authors: Singh Gundeep , Sood Amit , Kaur Ambreen , Gupta Deepak
Published: October 2018

Introduction:

With the advent of newer radiographic diagnostic procedures of the maxillofacial region, there is a drastic increase in the use of Ionizing radiation which further leads to increased chance of radiation hazards among the patients and the health care workers. In addition to the diagnostic information extracted, the radiation exposure carries the potential to induce carcinogenesis in the exposed individual. However, the amount of Radiation exposure in dentistry is significantly low but it is still harmful owing to the requirement of repeated radiographic examination during the dental treatment. Therefore, to ensure minimum and inevitable exposure during dental treatment, it is necessary to follow principles of radiation protection and safety.

Recommendations:

Several studies in the literature have revealed that the attitude and knowledge of the dental professionals regarding radiation safety is not up to the mark. Henceforth, there is a necessity of implementing certain basic guidelines regarding radiation safety and protection. Further state dental councils must advocate new and interesting methods of education regarding the same and should introduce strict rules and penalties for this spectrum of field.

Conclusion:

This present short commentary is to familiarize the dental practitioner regarding the methods to minimize the risk of the radiation hazards. Further this article will also educate the dental practitioners regarding the pathogenesis of Radiation effects during Radiation therapy of head and neck region along with pertinent management protocols.
Editorial
Authors: D'Olimpio Laura , Peterson Andrew
Published: October 2018

This year the Journal of Philosophy in Schools kicked off with a special issue, volume 5 number 1, comprising seven invited articles that addressed the foundational question of why philosophy should be taught in schools. Deftly guest edited by Michael Hand from the University of Birmingham, the papers make a cumulative and convincing argument for why philosophy should be taught across the pre-tertiary educational curriculum. The issue makes a strong argument that may be used to defend and propagate the philosophy in schools movement. We hope it will be used pragmatically, politically, and persuasively by our readers to raise awareness and further the cause of teaching philosophy to young people and extending philosophy beyond the Academy.This issue honours one person who has dedicated his career to furthering this cause. Philip Cam is an international authority on philosophy in schools who has been a pioneer in introducing philosophy and ethics into schools in Australia. Phil completed his MA in Philosophy at the University of Adelaide and his DPhil at the University of Oxford. He is Adjunct Associate Professor in the School of Humanities and Languages at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia, where he has been for over 30 years. In the various positions Phil has held at UNSW, in the Philosophy in Schools Association for NSW, and for the Federation of Australasian Philosophy in Schools Associations (FAPSA), he has worked hard, inspired and taught many, and contributed much to the shape of philosophy in schools across Australasia. This year, a little bird informed the JPS that Phil was retiring and turning 70, even while he continues to be productive, publishing, presenting and assisting with philosophy in schools projects and events. The opportunity thus presented itself to publish a collection of papers critically engaged with Cam’s work. Two further articles are included in this issue.
Promoting human development by doing philosophy at the heart of the family
Authors: Modzelewski Helena
Published: October 2018

Human development requires the education of autonomous citizens, capable of critically approaching their opportunities. However, if this is left to the school alone, the children’s most important educational environment—the family—is neglected. The Community of Inquiry (COI), developed by Matthew Lipman into an educational methodology, aims at educating students to be critical citizens by developing habits of mind through collaborative philosophical inquiry. The research reported here was targeted at introducing the COI into the family, particularly addressing the intersubjective relationships among participants. In Uruguay, ‘Community Teachers’ visit disadvantaged homes to follow children’s progress and to increase the retention rates. Two Participatory Action Research activities were implemented in 2012 and 2016, in which sixty Community Teachers were trained in the COI methodology and applied it to their work with families. The observations made suggest the COI can support the promotion of human development from the very heart of the family.
GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS OF IL-17A IN ASSOCIATION WITH THE RISK OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS IN IRAQI PATIENTS
Authors: Ameen Nada Yas , Abed Mohammed Qais , Utba Nawal Mohammed , Mankhi Ahmed Asmar
Published: October 2018

Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that usually affects the lungs caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, TB is the second biggest killer, globally. The aim of this study was to examine the association between IL-17A rs2275913 SNP and pulmonary TB susceptibility in Iraqi population.Methods: From January 2017 to April 2017, 80 pulmonary TB patients were selected as the case group, another 40 healthy control were enrolled as the control group. The genotype frequencies of IL-17A rs2275913 was detected using amplification refractory mutation system.Results: The results of IL-17A serum level demonstrated that there were significant differences (p<0.05) between patients groups. The result showed that A allele have a higher frequency (55% vs. 50%) in TB patients than the control sample with OR value of 1.22 and EF value 0.1 and G have lower frequency (45% vs. 50%) in TB patients than control sample with OR value of 0.82 with PF value of 0.09, but this difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05).Conclusion: There were no significant associations between IL-17A rs2275913 polymorphism and risk of TB in Iraqi population.
SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION, VALIDATION, AND FORCED DEGRADATION STUDIES OF BETAHISTINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE AND DOMPERIDONE IN A PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM USING RP-HPLC METHOD
Authors: Mistry Vaishali , Mishra Rohan
Published: October 2018

Objective: This study describes the stability-indicating reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for simultaneous estimation of betahistine dihydrochloride and domperidone in pharmaceutical dosage forms.Methods: The proposed RP-HPLC method was developed using Shimadzu Prominence-i LC-2030 HPLC system equipped with UV detector and chromatographic operation was carried on Shim-pack C18 (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μ) column at a flow rate of 1 ml/min and the run time was 10 min. The mobile phase consisted of methanol and water in the ratio of 80:20% v/v and eluents were scanned using a UV detector at 244 nm.Results: The retention time of betahistine dihydrochloride and domperidone was found to be 2.3 and 3.6 min, respectively. A linearity response was observed in the concentration range of 9.6 μg/ml–22.4 μg/ml for betahistine dihydrochloride and 6–14 μg/ml for domperidone, respectively. Limit of detection and limit of quantification for betahistine dihydrochloride were 0.52 μg/ml and 1.58 μg/ml and for domperidone are 0.64 μg/ml and 1.94 μg/ml, respectively.Conclusion: The stability-indicating method was developed by subjecting drugs to stress conditions such as acid and base hydrolysis, oxidation, photo and thermal degradation, and degraded products formed were resolved successfully from samples.
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF CHLORELLA VULGARIS ON DNA DAMAGE, OXIDATIVE STRESS, AND LUNG MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN CIGARETTE SMOKE-EXPOSED RATS
Authors: Ks Zamri , Mkn Norripin , Fi Darus , Dg Ekambaram , Nd Abdul Raof , Nh Roslan , F Ahmad , F Mohammed , S Makpol , Ya Mohd Yusof
Published: October 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the protective effect of Chlorella vulgaris (ChV), antioxidant-rich unicellular green alga, and in cigarette smoke-exposed rats.Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: Control Group (C), ChV group (300 mg/kg body weight), cigarette smoke-exposed (S) group, and S group treated with ChV (S+ChV). Blood samples were drawn from the orbital sinus on days 0, 15, and 30 for the determination of DNA damage by Comet assay and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) using high-performance liquid chromatography. Rats were killed on day 30, and lung tissue samples were taken for the evaluation of airspace enlargement and number of inflammatory cells.Results: Increased DNA damage (1004.8 au + 329.2, day 15; 1102.7 + 197.8, day 30) and high MDA levels (10.66 + 0.27, day 15; 10.29 + 0.9 day 30) were found in cigarette smoke-exposed rats on days 15 and 30 but were reduced significantly (p<0.05) when treated with ChV (DNA: 482.6 + 223.3, day15; 423.5 + 74.6, day 30 and MDA: 6.1 + 0.6, day15; 6.6 + 2.5, day 30) for both days. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that cigarette smoke-exposed rats had high frequency of airspace enlargement and number of inflammatory cells which were reduced when treated with ChV.Conclusion: ChV has a protective role in cigarette smoke-exposed rats by reducing oxidative DNA damage, MDA levels, lung cells inflammation, and airspace enlargement.
COMPARISON OF SERUM VITAMIN A LEVELS BETWEEN NEONATES WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE AND CONTROLS
Authors: Abtahi Saeed , Mostafavian Zahra , Behnam Babak , Shaye Zahra Abbasi
Published: October 2018

Objective: Prevention of congenital heart disease (CHD) has been hampered by a lack of information about the known modifiable risk factors for abnormalities in cardiac development. Vitamin A plays an important role in the periods of rapid cellular growth and differentiation, especially during pregnancy. Assuming a link between Vitamin A levels and congenital malformations, hypothetical different levels of Vitamin A were evaluated in neonates with and without CHD, in this study.Methods: In a case–control study that was conducted in 2015 in Mashhad/Iran, serum levels of Vitamin A in 30 neonates with CHD were compared to 30 healthy controls. The cases were diagnosed by echocardiography and recruited by convenience sampling. Demographic and laboratory data including age, sex, and serum Vitamin A level in each group were collected. Data analysis was done in SPSS V 20 software, and descriptive statistics, t-test, and analysis of covariance were used.Results: The mean age in cases was 11±3.4 days and in controls was 12.5±4.8 days. A total of 18 patients (60%) were male. In CHD patients, 10 cases (33.3%) had cyanotic heart disease, and 20 cases (66.7%) had non-cyanotic heart disease. The mean serum Vitamin A values in subjects (11.54±9.56 μg/dL) and controls (21.84±14.3 μg/dL) were significantly different, (p<0.05) and in case group was lower than the normal range.Conclusion: There was a significant difference in serum Vitamin A values in subjects and controls. Therefore, awareness of people about the importance of this vitamin in preventing CHD in children seems necessary.
IMPACT OF GLAUCOMA IN COGNITIVE DECLINE
Authors: Banerjee Arijita , Khurana Indu
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTPurpose:To assess cognitive performance differences , if any,among primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients, normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) patients, and healthy control (C) subjects.Methods:60 age and sex matched subjects (20 POAG, 20 NTG, and 20 C subjects) were included in this study. Following routine ophthalmological examination the cognitive performance of all participants, detailed neurological examinations, including the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), were done.Results:The mean RNFL thicknesses were significantly different among the groups in the POAG, NTG, and C subjects, respectively; p <0.001). MMSE scores were 24.1 ± 2.4, 25.2  ± 3.8 and 28.9 ± 0.9 in the POAG, NTG, and Controls groups, respectively. There were significant differences among the three groups (p <0.001). Moreover, there were significant differences between the NTG and Controls groups (p <0.001), and between the POAG and Controls groups (p<0.001).Conclusions:The overlapping pathogenesis in glaucoma and neurodegenerative disorders cause deterioration in cognitive performance. Decreased values of MMSE scores  in POAG and NTG patients compared to the scores of healthy controls suggest a detailed neurological examination of glaucoma patients. Keywords: neurodegenerative disease, cognition, dementia, open angle glaucoma
"Enhancement of solubility of a poorly soluble antiplatelet aggregation drug by cogrinding technique"
Authors: Bayoumi Asmaa A
Published: October 2018

Objective: The goal of this study was to formulate ticagrelor tablets with enhanced dissolution rate using cogrinding technique. However, it belongs to the biopharmaceutical classification system Class IV molecule, poorly soluble, and permeable.Methods: Various ratios (0.2:1–1.67:1) of povidone (PVP)/drug were used in the formulations. Ticagrelor was coground with different percentage of PVP K 25 (carrier) in a mortar with a pestle for 30 min, then mixed with the rest excipients. A high-performance liquid chromatography stability indicating assay was developed to test the stability of ticagrelor in the selected formulae.Results: The results showed that the presence of PVP in relatively high ratios compared to the drug is desirable for enhancing the dissolution rate of ticagrelor. The best-optimized formulae found were that F8 and F9 which showed good disintegration and dissolution rate of ticagrelor more than 92% after 30 min while the dissolution rate for ticagrelor standard was only 22% after 30 min. Stability studies were performed on the selected formulae F8 and F9. Conclusion: The optimized formulae were evaluated for thickness, weight variation, hardness, friability, dissolution, and accelerated stability study for a period of 6 months. Cogrinding using PVP K 25 proved to enhance the dissolution of ticagrelor which may be due to the formation of a soluble complex between ticagrelor and PVP. The selected formulae F8 and F9 showed good stability.
PERSISTENT GENITAL AROUSAL DISORDER INTERVENTION WITH MANUAL PHYSIOTHERAPY - A CASE STUDY
Authors: Sf Mariyam Farzana , Ts Veera Goudhaman , Ms Pawan Kumar
Published: October 2018

A 36-year-old female patient came with an bilateral lower extremity pain and altered sensation, physical evaluation and radiological finding are normal, and there was presence of myofascial trigger points in both lower extremities diagnosed as a myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) and had been treated for it. The failure of treatment for MPS is followed by reevaluation, and on subjective evaluation, her genital symptoms such as unresolving genital arousal, fullness, engorgement, and restless leg syndrome were revealed, and on the objective evaluation, there was an overactive pelvic floor muscles; with subjective and objective findings, the problem was diagnosed as persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD), the problem causing pathoanatomic structure and pathomechanism was discovered and addressed with manual physiotherapy, and the patient got complete solution from the PGAD. The informed consent was obtained from the patient.
A STUDY OF FLUID BED GRANULATION OF PRAVASTATIN TABLET USING DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS
Authors: Kim Kang Min , Pyo Jae Sung
Published: October 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to reduce size and weight of pravastatin tablet through quality by design approach; potential factors (spray rate, atomizing pressure, and inlet temperature) which could influence on the production process for critical process parameters of wet granulation using fluid-bed granulator were examined.Methods: The manufacturing process of the reduced weight and size formulation pravastatin tablet involves wet granulation, drying, granulate screening, blending, and tableting. Design of experiments study for wet granulation of the reduced weight/size pravastatin tablet was produced on 11 combinations of three factors (spray rate, atomizing pressure, and inlet temperature), which were chosen through initial risk assessment. The process of wet granulation was rated by measuring four responses: loss on drying (LOD) (%), bulk density (g/ml), product temperature (°C), and dissolution similarity (f2).Results: It was measured that LOD varied from 1.46 to 3.24%, bulk density from 0.34 to 0.51 g/ml, product temperature from 40.12 to 51.69°C, and dissolution (f2) of pravastatin from 52.14 to 58.91. Control strategy for wet granulation production of the reduced weight and size pravastatin tablet by our results demonstrated that the most optimized condition of three factors for wet granulation is spray rate (3–5 g/min), atomizing pressure (about 1 bar), and inlet temperature (65–90°C), respectively. Updated risk assessment and justification by all experimental data safely existed within the range of acceptance criteria were presented.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the ideal ranges of three factors (spray rate, atomizing pressure, and inlet temperature) in wet granulation were successfully identified.
EVALUATION OF ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF CUCUMIS CALLOSUS AGAINST EHRLICH’S ASCITES CARCINOMA BEARING MICE
Authors: Panda Siva Prasad , A Rajsekhar Reddy , Panigrahy Uttam Prasad
Published: October 2018

Objective: Our previous research isolated Cucurbitacin B (CuB) and ebenone leucopentaacetate (ELP) from methanolic fruit extract of Cucumis callosus (MFCC). The fruits of C. callosus (Rottl.) Cogn. (Family: Cucurbitaceae) plant have been traditionally used for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic actions. The objective of this research was to evaluate in vitro and in vivo anticancer effect of MFCC on Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cell lines.Methods: In vitro anticancer assay of MFCC and standard drug, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was evaluated using Trypan blue and 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide methods. In vivo anticancer activity of MFCC and 5-FU was also performed after 24h of EAC cells (2×106cells/ mouse) inoculation based on toxicity study for 9 consecutive days. The activity of the extract was assessed by the study of tumor volume, tumor weight, viable and non-viable cell count, hematological parameters, and biochemical estimations.Results: The MFCC showed the direct antitumor effect on EAC cells in a dose-dependent manner with an IG50 value of 0.61 mg/ml. Furthermore, MFCC (350 mg/kg) exhibited significant (p<0.01) decrease in tumor volume, tumor weight, and viable cell count of EAC-treated mice. Hematological profile, biochemical estimation assay significantly (p<0.01) reverted to normal level in MFCC, and 5-FU treated mice.Conclusion: The anticancer activity of fruits of C callosus is may be either due to the presence of CuB or/and ELP as phytoconstituent and the activity is comparable to standard drug 5-FU.
LANNEA DISCOLOR: ITS BOTANY, ETHNOMEDICINAL USES, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Maroyi Alfred
Published: October 2018

Lannea discolor is an important component of the traditional, complementary, and alternative medicine health-care systems in several countries. This study is aimed at reviewing the botany, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical and biological activities of L. discolor. Information on its botany, medicinal uses, chemistry and pharmacological properties was undertaken using electronic databases such as Pubmed, SCOPUS, Medline, SciFinder, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, EThOS, ProQuest, OATD and Open-thesis. Pre-electronic literature was sourced from the University Library. The species is used as herbal medicine for 24 human diseases. The major diseases and ailments treated using concoctions prepared from L. discolor include gastrointestinal problems, gonorrhea, infertility in women, convulsions, dizziness, injury, and wounds. Different aqueous and organic extracts of L. discolor exhibited anthelmintic, antibacterial, antimycobacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, antiplasmodial, and nematicidal activities. Detailed studies on the phytochemistry, pharmacological, and toxicological properties of L. discolor are required to correlate the medicinal uses of the species with its phytochemistry and pharmacological properties.
ASSESSMENT OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS OCCURRING AT DEPARTMENT OF NEUROLOGY OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN INDIA
Authors: Grace Jennifer R , Saina Anna K , E Maheswari , R Srinivasa , Subeesh Viswam
Published: October 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence and pattern of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reported from the department of neurology of a tertiary care hospital in Karnataka, India.Methods: It is a hospital-based prospective, observational study, conducted among the inpatients of all age groups of either sex for a period of 6 months. ADRs were reported by the clinical pharmacists and physicians of this hospital. ADRs obtained were categorized based on its causality, severity, preventability, predictability, and outcomes. Binary logistic regression was carried out to identify the predictors of ADR and Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed for survival analysis.Results: A total of 250 patients were enrolled for the study in which 108 (43%) patients were presented with at least one ADR and a total of 212 ADRs were observed. The highest rate of ADRs was observed with antiepileptics 61 (29.5%). The most commonly reported that ADRs were skin reactions 23 (10.8%). Causality was assessed using three different scales which showed that most of the ADRs were probable. Severity, preventability, and predictability were assessed, of which 125 (59%) ADRs were moderate, 192 (90.6%) ADRs were probably preventable, and 156 (73.6%) ADRs were predictable, respectively. The outcomes showed that 150 (70.1%) patients recovered from the reactions. Predictors such as polypharmacy and duration of stay were found to be significant.Conclusion: The study concluded that the prevalence of ADRs in the department of neurology is high. Thus, early detection and management of ADRs are essential to avoid further complications of the reaction.
DIVERSITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN ERATTI HILL, THAMARAIKARAI BEAT OF BARGUR RESERVE FOREST, WESTERN GHATS IN ERODE DISTRICT, TAMILNADU, INDIA
Authors: P Vijayashalini , P Abirami
Published: October 2018

Objective: This study was planned to document the medicinal plants in Eratti hill.Methods: The medicinal plants were collected during their flowering period from July to September. Voucher specimens of all medicinally valuable plants were collected, poisoned, dried, and mounted with voucher number following the conventional methods.Results: Survey of medicinal plants wealth of Eratti hill, Bargur reserve forest, Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu, India, was carried out during 2016– 2018. 295 medicinal plant species belonging to 66 families were documented. Of these, the highest number of species belongs to the families were Asteraceae, Acanthaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Convolvulaceae, Solanaceae, Amaranthaceae, Lamiaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Malvaceae, Mimosaceae, and Apocynaceae. Herbs held the dominant position followed by shrubs, trees, climbers, and epiphytes. The medicinal plants were used to treat various ailments such as skin diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, fever, colic pain, biliousness, wounds eczema, cardiac disorders, and eye diseases used by the Solagars, Lingayats, and Malayali tribals in the hill.Conclusion: Medicinal plants in Eratti hill play a significant role in primary health care of the ethnic people. This study provides knowledge about herbal treatment of the ethnic people and subsequent pharmacognostical and pharmacological investigations should be made to confirm their mode of preparations.
COMBINATORIAL EFFECT OF LEPTIN, TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ΑLPHA, AND VITAMIN D IN PROGRESSION OF TYPE 2 DIABETES IN KASHMIRI POPULATION
Authors: Majid Sabhiya , Rashid Fouzia , Hussain Ishrat , Koul Rakesh K , Qadir Jasiya , Farooq Rabia
Published: October 2018

Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder usually characterized by hyperglycemia. Adipose tissue secretes bioactive substances known as adipocytokines including leptin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and adiponectin. These are considered as a bridge connecting obesity and insulin resistance. There is considerable epidemiological evidence to suggest a role of Vitamin D deficiency in the etiology of T2DM. This study was performed to evaluate and compare serum Vitamin D and adipocytokine levels in T2DM patients and healthy controls of Jammu and Kashmir region of India.Methods: A total of 200 T2DM patients and normal 200 healthy controls were considered for the study. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure serum leptin and TNF-α levels. The Vitamin D levels were measured by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay method. Biochemical parameters were measured by the enzymatic method.Results: Our results concluded that basic metabolic parameters, TNF-α and leptin levels were significantly higher in cases than controls. The serum Vitamin D levels were found significantly lower among T2DM patients. No correlation of Vitamin D with leptin was observed in cases and controls. However, a positive correlation between leptin and TNF-α was noted in T2DM subjects as well as in controls with statistical significance being higher in females (r=0.500; p=0.001) as compared to males (r=0.298; p=0.036) in T2DM subjects as well as in controls (r=0.659; p=0.001; r=0.621; p=001).Conclusion: These results concluded that lowering of Vitamin D levels and upregulation of leptin and TNF-α altogether play an important role in the development of T2DM, and from correlation analysis, it could be predicted that leptin and TNF-α act in a synergistic manner toward the development of T2DM.