bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problems and prospects of educational lexicography: a new school dictionary of Russian pronunciation
Authors: Kalenchuk M. L. , Savinov D. M.
Published: January 2024

The  article  critically  examines  various  educational  pronouncing  (orthoepic)  dictionaries  and  states  the main objections to the quality of such resources. Criticism centres on the irregularities in the transcription rules adopted in school textbooks; phonetic and orthoepic errors; mixing orthoepic information with other linguistic phenomena; the issue of age-related adaptation of school dictionaries; insufficient relevance of pronunciation instructions; criteria for glossary compilation. The analysis demonstrated the need for creating a   new educational dictionary, a   Dictionary of Russian Pronunciation Difficulties, for years 5 to 11. It was compiled at the V. V.  Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences under the editorship of M.  L.  Kalenchuk and D. M. Savinov. The cornerstone of this lexicographic source is the idea that normative recommendations in dictionaries should be based on the actual speech practices of educated people. The article justifies the choice of the pronouncing dictionary type and argues for a   dictionary of difficulties rather than an orthoepic dictionary proper. We provide comprehensive criteria for compiling a  dictionary glossary and structuring a  dictionary entry. The paper also formulates the principles of normative evaluation of stress and pronunciation of sounds used in codification, as well as the system of permissive and prohibitive standard notes. If necessary, the Dictionary entries provide additional orthoepic data about obsolete pronunciation variants, folk poetic and professional accentual features, stress variants and pronunciation of sounds specific to phraseological units. Information about obsolete variants found in fiction is illustrated and verified with examples from poetic texts.
PREDICTIVE ANALYSIS OF CLIMATE DISASTER DATA
Authors: Anum Aziz
Published: January 2024

In this paper, the Total deaths and Cost per Index (CPI) of worldwide climate disaster dataset has been modelled. The time period of the dataset is from 1900 to 2021. The Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) has been applied to forecast the Total Deaths and CPI of the study area. The total of 75% of the train data is used for construction of the model and the remaining 25% dataset is used for testing the model. The ARIMA model is general provides more accurate projection especially interval forecast and is more reliable than other common statistical techniques. The best-fitted model is identified as ARIMA(2,0,1) and (2,1,2) for Cost per Index CPI and Total Deaths respectively, generated on the basis of minimum values of Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) procedures. The accuracy parameter considered as Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) both parameters shows the model is accurate respectively. There is a 7% difference between the auto and manual models for the CPI feature, similarly, there is a 4% difference for Total Deaths, indicating that CPI plays a significant impact in climatic disasters. In order to identify best fitted model, we applied the model manually and automatic processing. By means of Auto Correlation Function (ACF) and Partial Auto Correlation Function (PACF) plots, the most appropriate order of the ARIMA model are determine and evaluated. Accordingly the created model can help in determining future strategies related to climate disaster dataset of the world. From the forecast result it is found that the results seems to show an increasing trend in CPI values and the minimal decreasing in total death condition and economic activities of the world.
Exploring the relationship between social media use and academic performance
Authors: Sakhieva Regina G. , Meshkova Irina N. , Gimaliev Vagiz G. , Melnik Mariya V. , Shindryaeva Natalya N. , Zhdanov Sergei P.
Published: January 2024

Social media platforms have altered how individuals communicate, disseminate information, and interact with their surrounding environment. University students at forefront of embracing technology and digital culture exhibit heightened engagement with social media platforms. This phenomenon has generated significant interest and concern among educators, researchers, and parents due to its potential implications for academic achievement. Hence, it is crucial to examine relationship between utilization of social media platforms and academic performance of university students. This study aimed to identify social media use and relationship between the overall academic grade point average (GPA) and patterns of social media use. This study employed a quantitative methodology, and 192 university students were given questionnaire. The results revealed that the students most commonly utilized Telegram, with a usage rate of 85.9%, YouTube (59.9%), and WhatsApp (53.1%). The social media platforms most commonly utilized for educational purposes were YouTube (68.8%), Telegram (53.1%), WhatsApp (21.9%), and Google+ (19.3%), respectively. The results showed that more than 70% of the students spent at least two hours on social media, and most (67.7) spent more than 15 minutes. The results about reasons for social media use showed that the majority of students used social media for entertainment (63.6%), socializing (80.2%), staying up on breaking news (65.1%), shopping among females (48.4%), being productive while studying (46.4%), and distracting themselves from schoolwork (51.0%). Regarding social media use, the results showed that most female (61.1%) and less than half of male (45.5) participants reported being addicted to social media.
The Effect of Sanyinjiao Point Accupressure Therapy (SP6) on Reducing Primary Dysmenorrhea Pain Intensity
Authors: Wajo Sin , Sholihah Nur Rahmawati
Published: January 2024

Background: Dysmenorrhea is a gynecological problem that often occurs in women during menstruation. In Indonesia, the incidence of dysmenorrhea is 64.25%, while 52% of students in Yogyakarta experience a decrease in the productivity of daily activities during menstruationObjective: To determine the effect of sanyinjiao point acupressure therapy (SP6) on reducing the intensity of primary dysmenorrhea pain Methods: Pre-Experimental research method, one group pretest-posttest design. Purposive sampling technique. The intervention group was given Sanyinjiao point acupressure (SP6). Dysmenorrhea pain variables were measured using NRS. Univariate analysis uses frequency distribution and bivariate analysis uses Wilxocon.Results: The results of statistical tests showed that there was a significant difference between before and after the intervention with a p-value of 0.000. Before the intervention was given an average of 5.29 dysmenorrhea pain, after the intervention experienced a decrease in dysmenorrhea pain intensity by an average of 1.75. Conclusion: There is an effect of sanyinjiao point acupressure therapy (SP6) on reducing the intensity of primary dysmenorrhea pain with a p-value of 0.000 and a decrease in dysmenorrhea pain of 3.54.
Keberlangsungan Inovasi Gerakan Masyarakat Peduli Ibu dan Balita (GEMPITA) pada Ibu Hamil Resiko Tinggi
Authors: Marchamah Dwi Nur Siti , Arumsari Wahyuni
Published: January 2024

Background: The need for innovation in the public sector, one of which is health, is important. The Covid-19 pandemic has caused an increase in the number of illnesses experienced by pregnant women.Objective: The research aims to find out the health program innovations that have been carried out in detail and in-depth at Puskesmas Karangtengah as the initiator of GEMPITA.Methods: The research uses a qualitative descriptive approach. Primary data includes input, process, and overall output components for GEMPITA. There were 4 informants, namely the Community Health Center Midwife Coordinator, Community Health Center Midwife, Community Health Center Nutrition Coordinator, and Head of Village Midwife. Data was analyzed using content analysis.Results: GEMPITA accommodates the implementation of integrated ANC. Sources of funding come from BOK, APBD, and village funds. Programs are periodically proposed through RAB on the BOK scheme in the form of PoA. Health program planning activities at community health centers based on PWS.Conclusion: Involvement in implementing GEMPITA includes community health center midwives, nutrition officers, laboratory officers, pharmacists, health promotion officers, general practitioners, dentists, village midwives, cadres, and village officials. Increasing the participation of all stakeholders and the community includes promotive efforts, preventive efforts, and community empowerment efforts.
English Registers of Hotels’ Signage in Surabaya
Authors: Tafuzi Novta Ittaqy , Susanto Fajar
Published: January 2024

This study focuses on the concept of register in sociolinguistics and its relevance to the study of language usage in different domains. Registers represent specific language varieties associated with particular professional or social groups, characterized by distinct vocabulary and sentence structures. The study specifically is to identify the different registers used in hotel signage. In order to describe these registers, a qualitative descriptive research method was employed, as the data consisted of words, phrases, and long expressions extracted from hotels’ signage in Surabaya. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and semantic analysis, with a particular focus on Lexical Relations. The findings of the research revealed that the signage in Surabaya hotels can be categorized into two groups: Limited Envelope Register and Open Envelope Register. This study fills a gap in existing literature by providing a comprehensive analysis of the linguistic features and variations that characterize hotel signage, shedding light on the specific language choices and patterns employed in this context. The findings contribute to our understanding of sociolinguistic aspects within the hotel industry and the role of registers in language usage.
Nigeria Policemen Digital Memes as Reformative Indices
Authors: Oluremi Tolulope Abisodun , Olaniyana Oluwayomi Rosemary
Published: January 2024

The corrupt activities of some officers of the Nigeria Police Force (NPF) at checkpoints have in recent times drawn the senses of hypermemetic logic. A number of research studies have investigated Nigerian police discourse. However, digital memes deployed to reflect corruption-related activities at police checkpoints have attracted inconsequential research. This paper, therefore, examines selected Nigeria Police digital memes – multi-moulded socially constructed Nigeria police discourse, instantiated digitally to satirise corruptible policing and privilege reformative advocacy in Nigeria. Seven selected police digital memes were collected from Opera News Nigeria, an app that allows African authors and bloggers to create online content and share such with a fast-growing subscriber base. In interpreting the selected digital police memes, this paper engages the theoretical underpinnings of Gunther Kress’ (2010) social-semiotic theory of multimodality. Through its theoretical apparatus, functional loads such as contemptible open extortion, symbolic blind allusions, duty deviance, wrong motif towards checkpoints, detrimental frustration, checkpoints’ main duty negligence and lawlessness were established. Thus, this paper concludes that the satirical philosophy embedded within most Nigeria Police digital memes points towards reformation and reorientation of members of the Nigeria Police Force.
MANAJEMEN ENERGI
Authors: Sinaga Rusman
Published: January 2024

Bahan Ajar Manajemen Energi merupakan buku yang berisi bahan pengajaran matakuliah manajemen energi dan khususnya manajemen energi listrik. Penyajian buku ini disederhanakan sedemikian rupa sehingga para mahasiswa akan mudah mengerti setiap pembahasan materi yang disajikan. Semua materi kuliah yang disajikan dalam Bahan Ajar ini diberikan pada semester tujuh Program Studi Teknik Instalasi Listrik. Bahan Ajar ini sangat bermanfaat dalam memahami tentang konsep energi, pengelolaan energi, konsumsi energi listrik bangunan gedung, konsumsi energi listrik industri, konservasi energi dan audit energi. Namun demikian, untuk melaksanakan proses audit energi Bahan Ajar ini masih perlu didampingi oleh buku-buku lainnya seperti SNI6196:2011 tentang prosedur audit energi pada bangunan gedung dan buku prosedur standard dan teknik audit energi di industri.
Changes in wild meat hunting and use by rural communities during the COVID-19 socio-economic shock
Authors: Emogor Charles Agbor , Coad Lauren , Balmford Ben , Ingram Daniel J. , Detoeuf Diane , Fletcher Robert J. , Imong Inaoyom , Dunn Andrew , Balmford Andrew
Published: January 2024

There has been limited quantitative research into the effects of socio-economic shocks on biological resource use. Focusing on wild meat hunting, a substantial livelihood and food source in tropical regions, we evaluated the impacts of the shock from Nigeria’s COVID-19 lockdown on species exploitation around a global biodiversity hotspot. Using a three-year quantitative dataset collected during and after the lockdown (covering 1,008 hunter-months) and matching by time of year, we found that successful hunting trip rates were more frequent during lockdown, with a corresponding increase in the monthly number, mass, and value of animals caught. Moreover, hunters consumed a larger proportion of wild meat and sold less during lockdown compared to non-lockdown periods. These results suggest that local communities relied on wild meat to supplement reduced food and income during lockdown, buffering COVID-19’s socio-economic shock. Our findings also indicate that wild species may be especially vulnerable to increased hunting pressure during such shocks.
The Interaction of Survey Mode and Social Desirability in Measuring Behavior during Wartime
Authors: Erlich Aaron
Published: January 2024

Measuring individuals' behavior from survey data during an active war raises distinct challenges. To investigate survey mode and social desirability effects, we conduct a multi-mode study (opt-in web, RDD telephone) with two independently drawn samples of the Ukrainian population during Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in the summer of 2022. We employ identical demographic and behavioral questions in both surveys to investigate cross-mode reliability. We also embed a pre-registered priming experiment to examine whether respondents may inflate prosocial behavior. Observationally, we find that because web studies cannot reach the oldest Ukrainians, they likely contain significant population bias with respect to war-related demographic variables. Experimentally, we find evidence of inflation in reporting volunteering activities only in the telephone survey. Our findings demonstrate that, given modern survey techniques, wartime attitudes and behavior can be reliably measured, but there is a trade-off in survey modes between representativeness and response bias. The manuscript contributes to our knowledge about measuring behavior and survey methods.
Subtle gaze and pupil dynamics: Detecting concealed familiar faces with moving serial visual presentation
Authors: Chen Ivory Yining , Mathot Sebastiaan , Akyurek Elkan G.
Published: January 2024

A major limitation of the standard concealed information test (CIT) is its susceptibility to countermeasures. Rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) can improve resilience against countermeasures, and pupil dilation has been shown to indicate concealed information in RSVP-based CITs. Here, we introduce a novel variation of the RSVP-based CIT that may further improve individual detection and potentially offer the same resilience against countermeasures. We combined serial visual stimulus presentation with movements either towards the left or right, to capitalize on (pursuit) eye movements, in addition to pupil size, for detecting concealed information (familiar faces). In both experiments that we conducted, either a target face, a familiar face (the participant’s parent’s face), or one of two control faces appeared in these streams. In Experiment 1, participants maintained their fixation at a central fixation dot, only deviating their gaze to follow the target face in response. In Experiment 2, participants were allowed to move their eyes freely and respond using a keyboard. Results indicated that participants’ eye movement did not provide valuable information for concealed familiar face detection, but pupil dilation exhibited a noticeable increase when familiar faces appeared, in comparison to control faces. Based on the difference in pupil dilation rate, we achieved an individual detection rate of 55.2% in Exp. 1 and 33.3% in Exp. 2 – a substantial improvement from the 22.6% in the standard RSVP-based CIT. In conclusion, moving serial visual presentation (MSVP), combined with eye movement suppression, offers a promising method for detecting concealed information.
A Corpus Linguistic Study of Cultural Awareness, Cultural Competence, and Cultural Humility Word Use Trends: Implications for Researchers and Practitioners
Authors: Tran Thang S. , Ni Chung-Fan , Jacques Justin Gasper , Silber Charles , Dykeman Cass
Published: January 2024

Objective: This study delves into the evolving understanding of cultural humility, which encompasses ongoing self-reflection, critique, and redressal of power dynamics in medical interactions, fostering positive relationships across diverse groups. We analyzed articles from nursing, psychology, and counseling that touched on related concepts like cultural awareness, cultural competence, and cultural humility to chart their progression over time. Method: Abstracts of peer-reviewed articles from 2015-2022 were screened using keywords: cultural awareness, cultural competence, and cultural humility. Frequency analysis was conducted using the corpus linguistic tools Sketch Engine, to gauge the prevalence of the mentioned terms. Results: Between 2015-2022, the raw counts for the terms “cultural awareness”, “cultural competence”, and “cultural humility” showed distinct trends. While discussions around cultural awareness and cultural humility remained relatively steady, mentions of cultural competence saw an upward trend. Notably, “cultural competence” was frequently contextualized alongside both “cultural humility” and “cultural awareness”. Conclusions: The concepts of cultural awareness, cultural competence, and cultural humility have undergone significant evolution over the past four years in global usage. To further explore the prevailing terminologies that reflect an understanding of culture within healthcare literature, there is a pressing need for additional, in-depth studies. These will contribute to a more nuanced comprehension and discussion of how cultural perspectives and practices intersect with and impact healthcare delivery and outcomes. By continuously refining our understanding of these terms, we can aspire to more inclusive and holistic healthcare approaches that resonate with diverse patient populations.
Violation of Auditory Regularities is Reflected in Pupil Dynamics
Authors: Başgöl Hamit , Dayan Peter , Franz Volker H
Published: January 2024

The brain maintains internal models to make predictions. When predictions are violated, the current model can either be updated or replaced by a new model. The latter is accompanied by pupil dilation responses (PDRs) related to locus coeruleus activity/norepinephrine release (LC-NE). We replicated and generalized Zhao et al. (Nature Communications, 2019) by investigating PDRs associated with transitions between regular and random patterns of tones in auditory sequences. We presented these sequences to participants who had been instructed to find silent gaps (to maintain attention). Transitions from regular to random patterns induced PDRs, suggesting that an internal model attuned to the regular pattern is reset. Transitions from one regular pattern to another regular pattern also induced PDRs with later pupil constriction, suggesting also a model reset. On the other hand, transitions from random patterns to regular patterns did not induce PDRs, suggesting a gradual update of model parameters because the random pattern does not allow for strong predictions. Overall, our results replicate Zhao et al. (2019) closely and suggest that PDRs, a biomarker of LC-NE activation, are indeed sensitive to model reset but not model update.
Evaluation of improved sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) varieties for moisture deficit areas of Konso, Southern Ethiopia
Authors:   Southern Agricultural Research Institute, Arba Minch Agricultural Research Center, Research Work Process, Arbaminch, P. O. Box 06, Ethiopia., Lema Melese
Published: January 2024

A field experiment involving seven improved sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] varieties and one local check was carried out at Konso Woreda at Arfayde, Fuchucha and Sorobo farmers’ training center during the 2016-2017 main cropping season to identify the best performing variety to the moisture deficit areas of Segen area people zone. The seven improved sorghum varieties include (Melkam, Seredo, Meko-1, 76TI#23, Teshale, Gubiye, Dekeba) and a local check. The experimental was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Phenological and growth parameters such as yield and yield components were studied. The result showed that all phenological and growth parameters were significantly affected by variety, also grain yield were significantly affected by variety. Grain yield accounted for 75.28 and 50.74% at Sorobo, 5 3.46 and 51.28% at Arfayde were obtained from the improved sorghum varieties Melkam and Teshale respectively, 58 and 40% were obtained from the improved sorghum varieties 76T1#23 and melkam at Fuchucha respectively over the local check. The highest grain yields of 2.67 and 1.34 t ha-1 at Sorobo, 4.4667 and 4.2667 t/ha) at Arfayde were recorded for the varieties Melkam and Teshale, respectively. Whereas 4.2 and 2.93 t/ha grain yield at Fuchucha were recorded for the varieties 76T1#23 and Melkam, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of the improved sorghum varieties such as Melkam or Teshale is advisable and could be appropriate for sorghum production in the studied areas even though further testing is required to put the recommendation on a strong basis.
Performance and survival of Clarias garienpinus from locally processed corn and soya bean meal as a replacement for fish meal
Authors:   Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria., Solomon R. J. , Alasa M. B. ,   Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria.
Published: January 2024

An experiment to evaluate the effect of replacing fish feed was conducted to evaluate the growth performance of Heteroclarias in circular tanks each having a capacity of fifty litres of water. Fishes were divided into three groups in triplicates, with 10 fishes per tank. The fingerlings stocked were of the same size and length. Fishes in tank A were fed with laboratory prepared Soya bean and corn meal feed, while B had already manufactured feed (Coppens) and C already manufactured feed (Aquamass) was used. The fingerlings were fed 4% of their body weight twice daily, from 6.00 to 8.00am and from 6.00 to 8.00pm. Growth performances were monitored weekly for eight weeks. The results showed that treatment A (laboratory prepared feed) had the best growth performance with a mean weight (23.3±0.02 g) and length (20.00 mm) gain which exceeds that of treatment B which had a mean of 10.5±0.01 g and length of (19.3 mm). There was a significant difference (p>0.05) between growth rate and different feeds.
Calculation of metabolic waste of Clarias gariepinus and Tilapia niloticus obtained from two commercial fish ponds in Gwagwalada
Authors:   Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria., Oguike C. M. , Solomon R. J. ,   Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria.
Published: January 2024

An automated blood serum chemistry analytical system designed for human usage was employed to establish the levels of urea and creatinine parameters present in sera obtained from 60 experimental groups of catfish and tilapia from a commercial pond with length ranging from 10 to 58 cm and weight ranging from 98.2 to 900.2 grams (For the first group) and 6.8-5 cm and 28.9-90.5 g (for the second group) respectively. The present study was carried out to determine the result of Urea and Creatinine values of Clarias gariepinus and Tilapia niloticus obtained from two commercial ponds in Gwagwalada. The results observed from catfish when compared to that of tilapia, showed a slight difference of both species. Highest Creatinine value recorded for Clarias gariepinus was 1.53 mg/dl and the lowest was 0.00 mg/dl. While the highest Urea level recorded is 10.4 mg/dl and minimum was 0.04 mg/dl. Highest Creatinine value recorded for Tilapia niloticus was 1.43 mg/dl while the lowest value recorded is 0.02 mg/dl. Urea highest value recorded is 11.40 mg/dl and lowest value is 0.02 mg/dl. The ratio of urea to Creatinine was very high for both species and can be concluded to be either as a result of gastrointestinal bleeding, kidney failure, high protein diet as well as pollution of pond water with substances such as ammonia, and urea which are excreted by fish. It is therefore important to regularly change water to control the effect Urea blood level.
Laying hen strains and breeding system: A review of hen behavior and welfare, hen production performance and eggs quality traits in Africa and around the world
Authors:   UAC-FSA – Laboratoire de Recherches Avicoles et de Zoo Economie 03 BP 2819 Cotonou-Benin., Tossou M. L. , Houndonougbo P. V. ,   UAC-FSA – Laboratoire de Recherches Avicoles et de Zoo Economie 03 BP 2819 Cotonou-Benin., Akouedegni C. G. ,   UAC-FSA – Laboratoire de Recherches Avicoles et de Zoo Economie 03 BP 2819 Cotonou-Benin., Houndonougbo M. F. ,   UAC-FSA – Laboratoire de Recherches Avicoles et de Zoo Economie 03 BP 2819 Cotonou-Benin., Chrysostome C. A. A. M. ,   UAC-FSA – Laboratoire de Recherches Avicoles et de Zoo Economie 03 BP 2819 Cotonou-Benin., Abiola F.A. ,   UAC-FSA – Laboratoire de Recherches Avicoles et de Zoo Economie 03 BP 2819 Cotonou-Benin.
Published: January 2024

The breeding system for laying hens has been the focus of scientific research for many years. During the last decade, new laying hen systems were rapidly introduced with the aim of improving the health of poultry and the welfare of consumers, producers and industries on the one hand and meeting the requirements on the other hand. The choice of the genetic type usually depends on the production performance and the color of the eggs. To this end, the aim of this work was to make a comparative review of the results obtained by different authors on effect of strain and farming system on production performance (egg production and mortality) and the characteristics of egg quality (egg weight, proportion of different parts of the egg, Haugh units, egg yolk color and carotenoid) of laying hens. Although the productive performance in ground systems is often low compared to the cage farming system, the eggs of the ground-based system have been proven by many studies to have the best nutritional properties. This review of literature on the use of different strains and different table egg farming systems could give a new direction to research.
Squamous cell carcinoma on the eyelid of Nigerian albino horse
Authors:   Veterinary Clinic, Equitation Dept, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria., Garba U. M. , Nwokike E. C. ,   Veterinary Clinic, Equitation Dept, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria., Mbuk E. U. ,   Veterinary Clinic, Equitation Dept, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria., Ali A. ,   Veterinary Clinic, Equitation Dept, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria., Zamdayu J. M. ,   Nigerian Army Medical corps, Veterinary Unit, Kaduna, Nigeria., Yunusa H. G. ,   Nigerian Army Medical corps, Veterinary Unit, Kaduna, Nigeria., Amaje J. ,   Veterinary Clinic, Equitation Dept, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria., Auwal U. ,   Veterinary Clinic, Equitation Dept, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria.
Published: January 2024

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common neoplasia of the skin in horses. An adult albino stallion of Nigerian indigenous (Arewa) breed used for military ceremonial parade was presented with the chief complaints of growth on left side lower eyelid and unilateral epiphora. Tentatively diagnosis of eyelid squamous cell carcinoma was made and managed successfully. Restraint was achieved using chlorpromazine as tranquilizer and physical method with the animal on right lateral recumbency for the surgery. Lidocaine-adrenaline 2% was used for local anaesthesia. The growth was debulked only once and chemotherapeutically treated using vincristine 1 mg for local infiltration once and 2 mg intravenously twice at 3 weeks apart. Tissue sample was preserved in formaldehyde-10% and processed for histopathological examination. Haematological findings pre-treatment were neutropenia, 32% (52 to 70%) and hyperproteinemia, 10.2 g/d L (6.0 to 8.5g/dL) which became neutrophilic leucocytosis 16.1 x 109/L (5.6-12.1 x 109/L) post-treatment. Histopathological findings were focal areas of keratin pearls surrounded by a concentric aggregation of cornified squamous epithelial cells. Massive undifferentiated tumour cells and inflammatory cells at different stages of mitosis were also observed. It was concluded that surgical excision of lesion and vincristine therapy twice at 3 weeks apart only was effective to cure the eyelid squamous cell carcinoma in the horse. It was recommended that surgical excision of growths and vincristine therapy given by intravenous and local infiltration routes should be used in management of eyelid squamous cell carcinoma in albino horses.
Seroprevalence of brucellosis in flocks of goats in Kaduna State, Northwestern Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri Borno State, Nigeria., Adamu S. G , Usman U. B ,   Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Kaduna State, Nigeria., Tijjani A. O ,   Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri Borno State, Nigeria., Adamu N. B ,   Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri Borno State, Nigeria., Atsanda N. N ,   Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri Borno State, Nigeria.
Published: January 2024

Brucellosis is a bacterial contagious disease of animals and humans caused by bacteria of genus Brucella. A cross sectional study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in flocks of goats in Maigana agro-ecological zone of Kaduna State. This study was aimed to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis and the risk factors influencing the occurrence of Brucella specie in goats in Kaduna State. Total of four hundred (400) blood samples were tested for brucellosis using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Competitive Enzyme Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Out of the 400 sera samples tested, 48 (12.0%) and 24 (6.0%) were seropositive by RBPT and cELISA respectively. Out of the 147 male goats tested, 10 (6.8%) and 6 (4.1%) were seropositive, while out of 253 female goats tested, 38 (15.0%) and 18 (7.1%) were seropositive using RBPT and cELISA. There was statistically significant association (p<0.05) between the sex of goats and RBPT, but there was no statistically significant association (p>0.05) between the sex of goats and cELISA. Based on age distribution, the seroprevalence 13.4 and 6.3% by RBPT and cELISA were recorded in the age group 2 to 4 years. Based on breed distribution, the highest seroprevalence 13.4 and 8.1% by RBPT and cELISA were recorded in Sokoto Red. There was no statistically significant association (p>0.05) between the age and breed of goats with RBPT and cELISA. The study concludes that brucellosis is prevalent in the flocks of goat in the study area. The high seroprevalence of brucellosis is of economic and public health concern because the pastoralists regard goats’ milk to have exceptional medicine potentials. Therefore, brucellosis may be prevented via vaccination of domestic livestock, serologic testing, quarantine of herds, and slaughter of infected animals.
Determinants of likelihood and extent of adoption of medicinal plants used for the treatment of cattle diseases in Fufore Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Modibbo Adama University of Technology Yola, Nigeria., Usman Ibrahim Shehu
Published: January 2024

The study analyzed the determinants of likelihood and extent of adoption of medicinal plants used for the treatment of cattle diseases in Fufore Local Government Area, Adamawa state, Nigeria. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect personal data of cattle herders, adoption pattern of the medicinal plants by the respondents and constraint against effective utilization of the medicinal plants by the respondents. Frequencies, percentages, mean and probit regression analysis were used to analyzed the data collected. Results of the research revealed that cattle herding in the study is dominated by young adults (71.03%) of between 30 to 59 years of age, majority (75.70%) did not attained formal education, and had 31 years average herding experience. About 94.39% of the respondents were married with average family size 8 people. Majority (85.05%) of the respondents have more 50 heads of cattle with only 11.21% who had at least extension visit once in 6 months. Result of adoption pattern revealed that 90.65% of the respondents adopted both medicinal plants and modern veterinary drugs in treatment of cattle diseases. The coefficient of age (4.8784), family size (0.1675), experience (1.2239) and number of cattle (0.0202) had positive and significant effect on the adoption of medicinal plants. Similarly, marginal effect of the variables determining adoption of medicinal plants by the respondents shows that age (0.0252), family size (0.0008), experience (0.0063) and number of cattle (0.0001) were positively related. Indiscriminate feeling of trees, bush burning and concealment of knowledge were the major problems faced the respondents. It was recommended that, conservation of medicinal plants, documentation and promotion of indigenous knowledge by encouraging research activities is required in the study area. Both community and concerned authorities should enforced to laws that prohibit indiscriminate cutting of trees and bush burning so as curb looming danger of loosing value medicinal plants. Research institute should investigate to ascertain the precise dosage of herbs to be used in the treatment and control of cattle diseases.
Seroprevalence of brucella antibodies in horses in Sokoto metropolis, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. 840245, City Campus Complex, Sokoto State, Nigeria., Junaidu Abdulkadir Usman , Garba Bashiru ,   Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. 840245, City Campus Complex, Sokoto State, Nigeria.
Published: January 2024

The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Brucella antibodies in horses reared in Sokoto metropolis using the rapid-plate test, serum agglutination test and Competitive ELISA. A total of 347 horses were sampled comprising of 329 males and 9 females within the age range of 1 to above ten years. The serum samples were harvested and subjected to Rapid Plate Test, CompELISA and Serum Agglutination Test. Out of the 347 horses sampled, 48 were found to be positive for the Rapid Plate Test and CompELISA while 41 were positive for Serum Agglutination Test. Thus, an overall prevalence of 13.83% was realized. Also, 7 horses had antibody titre of 1:40, 12 had 1:60 titre, while 29 had 1:80. The prevalence of Brucella antibodies was highest in males (14.28%) compared to females (0%). The seroprevalence to brucella antibodies was found not to be statistically significantly associated with sex of the horses as observed in this study. Horses between the age of 6 to 10 years had a higher prevalence of Brucella antibodies 24 (16.32%) as compared to those 0 to 5 years 21 (12.5%) and those above ten years 3 (9.37%). Age was also not a significant factor for brucella antibody seropositivity (p = 0.588). This study indicates that Brucellosis is prevalent in horses in Sokoto. Hence, horse attendants and livestock reared together are at risk of contracting brucella infection.
The impact of heat stress on oxidative stress and histopathological dynamics in red hybrid tilapia experimentally infected with Streptococcus agalactiae
Authors:   Department of Veterinary Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia., Ghani Atikah Karim , Tanko Polycarp Nwunuji ,   Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Jos, Nigeria., Yusoff Sabri Mohd ,   Department of Veterinary Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Published: January 2024

The most common predisposing factor to Streptococcosis in the aquaculture industry is heat stress. The impact of heat stress on oxidative stress and histopathological changes in red tilapia with Streptococcosis is not well understood. This study aimed at evaluating the impact of heat stress on oxidative stress and histopathological dynamics in red hybrid tilapia experimentally infected with Streptococcus agalactiae. Apparently healthy 105 red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis nolyticus) were used. The fish weighing 120 to 130 g were acclimatized for 2 days prior to onset of the experiment. The 105 tilapias were randomly separated to group 1, group 2 and group 3 of 35 fishes each in 200 litre tanks. Group 1 was inoculated with 0.1 mL of S. agalactiae at 109 CFU/mL intraperitoneally and subjected to heat stress (33°C). Group 2 was injected intraperitoneally with the same quantity of S. agalactiae in similar manner to group 1 without heat stress as positive control while group 3 served as negative control. Samples of blood was collected from five fish in every group before and at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 h and 96 hours post-inoculation (pi) for lipid peroxidation [malondialdehyde (MDA)] and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) analysis. The fish were necropsied and samples were taken from spleen, liver and kidney for microbiology and histopathology. Statistical analysis from the value of MDA and SOD revealed that there were significant differences (p < 0.05) between all the groups. Predominant lesions in the spleen were hemosiderin deposition, lymphoid depletion and haemorrhages. In the liver, main lesions were hepatocellular necrosis, mononuclear cell infiltration and haemorrhages while in the kidney, predominant histopathological lesions were mononuclear cell infiltration, necrosis, degeneration of tubular epithelial cells and haemorrhages. The lesions were significantly higher in spleen, liver and kidney of fish in group 1, followed by group 2 as compared to 3 which had no significant histological damage. Based on the findings of this study, heat stress alters significantly, the oxidative stress status and histopathology of Streptococcus infection in red hybrid tilapia.
Economics of production of laying Japanese quails fed with different energy sources in semi-arid environment of Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University Gashua Yobe State, Nigeria., Maidala A. , Lawan A. ,   Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University Gashua Yobe State, Nigeria., Amaza B. I. ,   Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University Gashua Yobe State, Nigeria., Sudik S. D. ,   Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University Gashua Yobe State, Nigeria., Dunya M. A. ,   Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University Gashua Yobe State, Nigeria., Adejumo I. O. ,   Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University Gashua Yobe State, Nigeria., Makinde O. J. ,   Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University Gashua Yobe State, Nigeria., Hanafi Y. ,   Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University Gashua Yobe State, Nigeria., Bomoi A. S. ,   Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University Gashua Yobe State, Nigeria.
Published: January 2024

An experiment was conducted to assess the economics of production of laying Japanese quails fed millet and sorghum as alternatives to maize. Three hundred (300) day old quails were sourced form National Veterinary Institute Jos. The birds were brooded for two weeks and randomly allotted to three (3) different energy sources i.e. maize, millet and sorghum designated as treatment 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The birds were fed with experimental diets for six months. The economics of production were determined based on the prevailing market price as of the time of experiment. Results showed that hen day egg production (80.21-84.51%), feed cost (N169.67-174.00), total number of eggs produced (2246-2366), total price of eggs (N 67,380.00-70.980.00), revenue (N 92,780.42-95,621.51) and gross margin (N 57,105.40-61,900.09) were not affected by the different energy sources. It can be concluded that millet and sorghum can be alternative to maize without depressed in egg production, reduction in cost of production and higher gross margin.
Optimization of cell culture and the spread of metaphase chromosomes for cytogenetic studies using Taguchi design in the deer
Authors:   Department of Theriogenology and Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria., Yahaya Muhammad Sanusi , Salisi Mohd Shahrom ,   Department of Veterinary Preclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universiti Putra Malaysia., Md Isa Nur Mahiza ,   Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universiti Putra Malaysia., Haron Abdwahid ,   Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Published: January 2024

Metaphase production is an important aspect of cytogenetic studies. To achieve acceptable metaphase spreads for cytogenetic study, cells, depending on source animals, require different operating conditions. It is therefore necessary to optimize the process to produce a protocol, which achieves the best result. This study aimed to establish the growth and arrest requirements of cultured Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) from three breeds of deer (Axis axis, Rusa timorensis and Rusa unicolor) using Taguchi design. Twenty-four animals (8 in each study) were used in the study. Culture medium (CM) (RPMI1640+ or RPMI1640-, with or without 16.6 mM glucose and 4 mM glutamine), fetal bovine serum (FBS, 10% or 20%), agitation frequency (AF, once or twice), time of colcemid introduction (col, early or late) and the duration of cells in KCL (DKCL) (20 or 30 minutes) were the factors investigated. They were set at two levels in an L8 (2˄5) orthogonal array. Rusa timorensis had RPMI 1640+, 20% FBS, AF twice per day, early col and DKCL of 20 minutes as the optimal factor levels. Rusa unicolor on the other hand had RPMI 1640+, 20% FBS, AF once per day, late col and DKCL of 30 minutes as the optimal factor levels. Axis axis had RPMI 1640+, 20% FBS, AF once per day, early col and DKCL 30 minutes as the optimal factor levels. This work demonstrated the utility of the Taguchi design in optimizing the production of metaphase spreads from cultured PBMC in the deer.
Bioconversion of fermented tofu waste into high protein alternative feed using black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens)
Authors:   Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia., Mulyono Mulyono
Published: January 2024

This study determines the life cycle and nutritional content of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae cultured on fermented tofu waste. The materials used in the study were tofu pulp, fermented tofu pulp, tempeh yeast, and the eggs of H. illucens fly. This study used a Completely Randomized Design with four treatments with five replications. The treatments were T0: tofu pulp (0% yeast tempeh); T1: fermented tofu pulp (0.25 % yeast tempeh); T2: fermented tofu pulp (0.5% tempeh yeast), and T3: fermented tofu pulp (0.75 % tempeh yeast). The variables measured included: the life cycle, dry matter conversion, dry matter extraction, and proximate composition of H. illucens larvae. The collected data were processed using variance analysis. The results showed that the H. illucens fly's life cycle follows: from laying eggs to hatching is four days, and growing into adult larvae takes 26-28 days. The dry matter conversion was 11.9 to 22.1%, and dry matter extraction was 55.8 to 67.5%. There was no effect (p>0.05) of adding tempeh yeast on crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, and ash content. The result showed that the conversion and extraction of dry matter media were higher in the more media. The fermentation of tofu pulp did not increase the nutritional value of H. illucens larvae.
Sequential effects of experimental Newcastle disease virus on performance and severity of clinical manifestation of the disease in three indigenous Nigerian genotypes of chickens
Authors:   Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria., Japhet Yeigba B.
Published: January 2024

Newcastle disease has been identified as a killer viral infection associated with high case fatality in poultry. This study was conducted to evaluate the sequential effects of experimental Newcastle disease on the performance and severity of clinical manifestation of the disease in three indigenous Nigerian genotypes of chickens. A total of 180 day-old Nigerian indigenous chicks consisting of 60 Naked necks (NN), 60 Frizzle feathers (FF) and 60 Normal feathers (NF) (45 experimental and 15 control per genotype) were used for the study. These chicks had no symptoms of Newcastle disease at the commencement of the experiment. Birds were fed on starter ration (20% CP and 2800 Kcal ME/kg) from day-old to 8th week of age, and growers ration (16% CP and 2750 Kcal ME/kg) from the 9th to 16th week. Fifteen (15) vials of lyophilised Newcastle live virus Kudu 113 strain were obtained from National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom Plateau State, and each vial was diluted with 2 ml of sterile phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.2). Each experimental genotype was inoculated through intra-crop injection with 0.2 ml of the virus in the 5th week. The control group was inoculated 0.2 ml of normal saline. Post infection (PI) observable clinical signs were assessed and live weight changes were determined. Patent Newcastle Disease infection manifested clinical signs included greenish watery diarrhoea, insomnines, ruffled feathers, sneezing and coughing, wherein all of these obvious clinical signs manifested in 90, 31 and 25% of infected NN, NF and FF respectively by day 14 PI. The mortality pattern by day 42 was 94% NF, 100% FF and 79% NN. The study concluded that live-weight changes in the naked neck subsequently increased by day 35 and 42 post infection and the NF had the same sequential result. The study recommended that the NN genotype should be raised in places that are not endemic to Newcastle disease.