bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal History of the Northern Taiwanese Slate Belt and Implications for Wedge Growth During the Neogene Arc‐Continent Collision
Authors: Chen Chih‐Tung , Chan Yu‐Chang , Beyssac Olivier , Lu Chia‐Yu , Chen Yue‐Gau , Malavieille Jacques , Kidder Steven B. , Sun Hao‐Cheng
Published: August 2019

A significant issue in the study of orogenic systems concerns the roles played by frontal and basal accretion in the construction of orogenic wedges. These different accretion mechanisms result in different thermal histories, with underplated materials experiencing significant heating and deformation during tectonic burial. This work provides new thermal data from Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material in combination with structural and stratigraphic observations of the northern Taiwan slate belt to address these questions of wedge development. Sedimentary rocks of the Northern slate belt were deposited on the Chinese continental margin immediately before the onset of the Neogene Taiwan arc‐continent collision. In the slates of the northern Hsüehshan Range, a large‐scale pop‐up structure on the prowedge of the Taiwan Orogen, synorogenic metamorphism has been investigated through analyses of peak temperatures and metamorphic field gradients. Results indicate underthrusting of the margin sediments to ~8‐km depth with significant folding in two major duplexes occurring before underplating. Such basal accretion is considered responsible for the distinct culmination of the Hsüehshan Range in central Taiwan and its relative uplift with respect to the Backbone Range to the east along the Lishan Fault. A similar underthrusting scenario is also suggested for the Backbone Range Slate Belt. We propose that basal accretion is the predominant mechanism in the growth and evolution of the Taiwan orogenic wedge and may have been achieved through inversion of a graben system on the ancient passive margin during continental subduction.
Generation of amine dehydrogenases with increased catalytic performance and substrate scope from ε-deaminating L-Lysine dehydrogenase
Authors: Tseliou Vasilis , Knaus Tanja , Masman Marcelo F. , Corrado Maria L. , Mutti Francesco G.
Published: August 2019

Amine dehydrogenases (AmDHs) catalyse the conversion of ketones into enantiomerically pure amines at the sole expense of ammonia and hydride source. Guided by structural information from computational models, we create AmDHs that can convert pharmaceutically relevant aromatic ketones with conversions up to quantitative and perfect chemical and optical purities. These AmDHs are created from an unconventional enzyme scaffold that apparently does not operate any asymmetric transformation in its natural reaction. Additionally, the best variant (LE-AmDH-v1) displays a unique substrate-dependent switch of enantioselectivity, affordingS- orR-configured amine products with up to >99.9% enantiomeric excess. These findings are explained by in silico studies. LE-AmDH-v1 is highly thermostable (Tmof 69 °C), retains almost entirely its catalytic activity upon incubation up to 50 °C for several days, and operates preferentially at 50 °C and pH 9.0. This study also demonstrates that product inhibition can be a critical factor in AmDH-catalysed reductive amination.
Structural basis for delta cell paracrine regulation in pancreatic islets
Authors: Arrojo e Drigo Rafael , Jacob Stefan , García-Prieto Concha F. , Zheng Xiaofeng , Fukuda Masahiro , Nhu Hoa Tran Thi , Stelmashenko Olga , Peçanha Flavia Letícia Martins , Rodriguez-Diaz Rayner , Bushong Eric , Deerinck Thomas , Phan Sebastien , Ali Yusuf , Leibiger Ingo , Chua Minni , Boudier Thomas , Song Sang-Ho , Graf Martin , Augustine George J. , Ellisman Mark H. , Berggren Per-Olof
Published: August 2019

Little is known about the role of islet delta cells in regulating blood glucose homeostasis in vivo. Delta cells are important paracrine regulators of beta cell and alpha cell secretory activity, however the structural basis underlying this regulation has yet to be determined. Most delta cells are elongated and have a well-defined cell soma and a filopodia-like structure. Using in vivo optogenetics and high-speed Ca2+ imaging, we show that these filopodia are dynamic structures that contain a secretory machinery, enabling the delta cell to reach a large number of beta cells within the islet. This provides for efficient regulation of beta cell activity and is modulated by endogenous IGF-1/VEGF-A signaling. In pre-diabetes, delta cells undergo morphological changes that may be a compensation to maintain paracrine regulation of the beta cell. Our data provides an integrated picture of how delta cells can modulate beta cell activity under physiological conditions.
The configuration of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets through the Quaternary
Authors: Batchelor Christine L. , Margold Martin , Krapp Mario , Murton Della K. , Dalton April S. , Gibbard Philip L. , Stokes Chris R. , Murton Julian B. , Manica Andrea
Published: August 2019

Our understanding of how global climatic changes are translated into ice-sheet fluctuations and sea-level change is currently limited by a lack of knowledge of the configuration of ice sheets prior to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Here, we compile a synthesis of empirical data and numerical modelling results related to pre-LGM ice sheets to produce new hypotheses regarding their extent in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) at 17 time-slices that span the Quaternary. Our reconstructions illustrate pronounced ice-sheet asymmetry within the last glacial cycle and significant variations in ice-marginal positions between older glacial cycles. We find support for a significant reduction in the extent of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) during MIS 3, implying that global sea levels may have been 30–40 m higher than most previous estimates. Our ice-sheet reconstructions illustrate the current state-of-the-art knowledge of pre-LGM ice sheets and provide a conceptual framework to interpret NH landscape evolution.
Single cell transcriptome analysis of developing arcuate nucleus neurons uncovers their key developmental regulators
Authors: Huisman Christian , Cho Hyeyoung , Brock Olivier , Lim Su Jeong , Youn Sung Min , Park Younjung , Kim Sangsoo , Lee Soo-Kyung , Delogu Alessio , Lee Jae W.
Published: August 2019

Despite the crucial physiological processes governed by neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC), such as growth, reproduction and energy homeostasis, the developmental pathways and regulators for ARC neurons remain understudied. Our single cell RNA-seq analyses of mouse embryonic ARC revealed many cell type-specific markers for developing ARC neurons. These markers include transcription factors whose expression is enriched in specific neuronal types and often depleted in other closely-related neuronal types, raising the possibility that these transcription factors play important roles in the fate commitment or differentiation of specific ARC neuronal types. We validated this idea with the two transcription factors, Foxp2 enriched for Ghrh-neurons and Sox14 enriched for Kisspeptin-neurons, using Foxp2- and Sox14-deficient mouse models. Taken together, our single cell transcriptome analyses for the developing ARC uncovered a panel of transcription factors that are likely to form a gene regulatory network to orchestrate fate specification and differentiation of ARC neurons.
Strong light-matter coupling for reduced photon energy losses in organic photovoltaics
Authors: Nikolis Vasileios C. , Mischok Andreas , Siegmund Bernhard , Kublitski Jonas , Jia Xiangkun , Benduhn Johannes , Hörmann Ulrich , Neher Dieter , Gather Malte C. , Spoltore Donato , Vandewal Koen
Published: August 2019

Strong light-matter coupling can re-arrange the exciton energies in organic semiconductors. Here, we exploit strong coupling by embedding a fullerene-free organic solar cell (OSC) photo-active layer into an optical microcavity, leading to the formation of polariton peaks and a red-shift of the optical gap. At the same time, the open-circuit voltage of the device remains unaffected. This leads to reduced photon energy losses for the low-energy polaritons and a steepening of the absorption edge. While strong coupling reduces the optical gap, the energy of the charge-transfer state is not affected for large driving force donor-acceptor systems. Interestingly, this implies that strong coupling can be exploited in OSCs to reduce the driving force for electron transfer, without chemical or microstructural modifications of the photo-active layer. Our work demonstrates that the processes determining voltage losses in OSCs can now be tuned, and reduced to unprecedented values, simply by manipulating the device architecture.
Endocardium differentiation through Sox17 expression in endocardium precursor cells regulates heart development in mice
Authors: Saba Rie , Kitajima Keiko , Rainbow Lucille , Engert Silvia , Uemura Mami , Ishida Hidekazu , Kokkinopoulos Ioannis , Shintani Yasunori , Miyagawa Shigeru , Kanai Yoshiakira , Kanai-Azuma Masami , Koopman Peter , Meno Chikara , Kenny John , Lickert Heiko , Saga Yumiko , Suzuki Ken , Sawa Yoshiki , Yashiro Kenta
Published: August 2019

The endocardium is the endothelial component of the vertebrate heart and plays a key role in heart development. Where, when, and how the endocardium segregates during embryogenesis have remained largely unknown, however. We now show thatNkx2-5+cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) that express the Sry-type HMG box geneSox17from embryonic day (E) 7.5 to E8.5 specifically differentiate into the endocardium in mouse embryos. AlthoughSox17is not essential or sufficient for endocardium fate, it can bias the fate of CPCs toward the endocardium. On the other hand,Sox17expression in the endocardium is required for heart development. Deletion ofSox17specifically in the mesoderm markedly impaired endocardium development with regard to cell proliferation and behavior. The proliferation of cardiomyocytes, ventricular trabeculation, and myocardium thickening were also impaired in a non-cell-autonomous manner in theSox17mutant, likely as a consequence of down-regulation of NOTCH signaling. An unknown signal, regulated bySox17and required for nurturing of the myocardium, is responsible for the reduction in NOTCH-related genes in the mutant embryos. Our results thus provide insight into differentiation of the endocardium and its role in heart development.
Analytical study on ignition time of PMMA exposed to time-decreasing thermal radiation using critical mass flux
Authors: Zhai Chunjie , Zhang Siyu , Yao Shuren , Zhan Qingbin , Zhang Shuifeng , Wang Yue
Published: August 2019

This contribution addresses an analytical model to predict the ignition time of PMMA (Polymethyl methacrylate) subjected to a time-decreasing incident heat flux. Surface temperature, transient mass flux and ignition time of PMMA are thoroughly studied based on the exact solutions of in-depth temperature. Critical mass flux is utilized as the ignition criteria. An approximation methodology is suggested to simplify the unsolvable high order equations and deduce the explicit expressions of ignition time. A numerical model is employed to validate the capability of the developed model. The results show that no ignition occurs when the decreasing rate of heat flux increases larger than a critical value. The agreement of the transient mass flux between analytical and numerical models is good at high decreasing rate but turns worse as the decreasing rate declines. However, this enhanced discrepancy affects the ignition time prediction slightly. The inverse of the square root of the ignition time is linearly correlated with the decreasing rate of heat flux, and it becomes significantly sensitive to the decreasing rate when the decreasing rate approaching its critical value. Meanwhile, the value of critical mass flux has appreciable influence on the ignition time prediction.
Analysis of the TCR Repertoire in HIV-Exposed but Uninfected Infants
Authors: Gabriel Benjamin , Medin Carey , Alves Jeremiah , Nduati Ruth , Bosire Rose Kerubo , Wamalwa Dalton , Farquhar Carey , John-Stewart Grace , Lohman-Payne Barbara L.
Published: August 2019

Maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been shown to leave profound and lasting impacts on the HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infant, including increased mortality and morbidity, immunological changes, and developmental delays compared to their HIV-unexposed (HU) counterparts. Exposure to HIV or antiretroviral therapy may influence immune development, which could increase morbidity and mortality. However, a direct link between the increased mortality and morbidity and the infant’s immune system has not been identified. To provide a global picture of the neonatal T cell repertoire in HEU versus HU infants, the diversity of the T cell receptor beta chain (TRB) expressed in cord blood samples from HEU infants was determined using next-generation sequencing and compared to healthy (HU) infants collected from the same community. While the TRB repertoire of HU infants was broadly diverse, in line with the expected idea of a naïve T cell repertoire, samples of HEU infants showed a significantly reduced TRB diversity. This study is the first to demonstrate differences in TRB diversity between HEU and HU cord blood samples and provides evidence that maternal HIV, in the absence of transmission, influences the adaptive immune system of the unborn child.
A novel thermostable d-amino acid oxidase of the thermophilic fungus Rasamsonia emersonii strain YA
Authors: Shimekake Yuya , Furuichi Takehiro , Abe Katsumasa , Kera Yoshio , Takahashi Shouji
Published: August 2019

d-Amino acid oxidase (DAAO) is a valuable flavoenzyme capable of being used in various practical applications, such as in determining d-amino acids and producing a material for semisynthetic cephalosporins, requiring higher thermal stability, higher catalytic activity, and broad substrate specificity. In this study, we isolated the thermophilic fungus Rasamsonia emersonii strain YA, which can grow on several d-amino acids as the sole nitrogen source, from a compost and characterized DAAO (ReDAAO) of the fungus. ReDAAO expressed in Escherichia coli exhibited significant oxidase activity against various neutral and basic d-amino acids, in particular hydrophobic d-amino acids. In addition, the enzyme also significantly acted on cephalosporin C, a starting material for semisynthetic antibiotics, and d-Glu, a general substrate for d-aspartate oxidase but not for DAAO, showing its unique and practically useful substrate specificity. The apparent kcat and Km values of the enzyme toward good substrates were comparable to those of higher catalytic fungal DAAOs, and the thermal stability (T50 value of ~60 °C) was comparable to that of a thermophilic bacterial DAAO and significantly higher than that of other eukaryotic DAAOs. These results highlight the great potential of ReDAAO for use in practical applications.
Mechanically interlocked materials. Rotaxanes and catenanes beyond the small molecule
Authors: Mena-Hernando Sofía , Pérez Emilio M.
Published: August 2019

An overview of the progress in mechanically interlocked materials is presented. In particular, we focus on polycatenanes, polyrotaxanes, metal–organic rotaxane frameworks (MORFs), and mechanically interlocked derivatives of carbon nanotubes (MINTs).
Engineering dithiobenzoic acid lactone-decorated Si-rhodamine as a highly selective near-infrared HOCl fluorescent probe for imaging drug-induced acute nephrotoxicity
Authors: Wang Jinping , Cheng Dan , Zhu Longmin , Wang Peng , Liu Hong-Wen , Chen Mei , Yuan Lin , Zhang Xiao-Bing
Published: August 2019

A NIR fluorescent probe based on Si-rhodamine dithiobenzoic acid lactone was used to selectively visualize HOCl during GEN-induced nephrotoxicity for the first time.
Novel natural myricetin with AIE and ESIPT characteristics for selective detection and imaging of superoxide anions in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Long Ruiqing , Tang Cui , Xu Jinju , Li Te , Tong Chaoying , Guo Ying , Shi Shuyun , Wang Daijie
Published: August 2019

A novel reversible AIE + ESIPT probe, myricetin, easily obtained from vine tea, for detection and imaging of O2•−.
Ionization of carboxylic acid clusters in the gas phase and on free ArN and (H2O)N nanoparticles: valeric acid as a model for small carboxylic acids
Authors: Gámez Francisco , Pysanenko Andriy , Fárník Michal , Ončák Milan
Published: August 2019

In ionized valeric acid clusters, not only the expected proton transfer reaction, but also anhydride formation is observed. Could this be a common motif in the ionization chemistry of small carboxylic acid clusters?
Understanding the origin of disorder in kesterite-type chalcogenides A2ZnBQ4 (A = Cu, Ag; B = Sn, Ge; Q = S, Se): the influence of inter-layer interactions
Authors: Mangelis Panagiotis , Aziz Alex , da Silva Ivan , Grau-Crespo Ricardo , Vaqueiro Paz , Powell Anthony V.
Published: August 2019

Neutron diffraction coupled with density functional theory provides new insights into the structural features of quaternary chaclogenides.
Application of a bipolar nanopore as a sensor: rectification as an additional device function
Authors: Mádai Eszter , Valiskó Mónika , Boda Dezső
Published: August 2019

In this nanopore sensor model selective binding of analyte ions (X) leads to the modulation of ionic current of the background electrolyte (KCl). Asymmetric charge pattern of the pore results in a dual response device (current and rectification).
Assessing the performance of the MM/PBSA and MM/GBSA methods. 10. Impacts of enhanced sampling and variable dielectric model on protein–protein Interactions
Authors: Wang Ercheng , Weng Gaoqi , Sun Huiyong , Du Hongyan , Zhu Feng , Chen Fu , Wang Zhe , Hou Tingjun
Published: August 2019

Enhanced sampling has been extensively used to capture the conformational transitions in protein folding, but it attracts much less attention in the studies of protein–protein recognition.
Unusual C–O bond cleavage of aromatic ethers in ruthenium complexes bearing a 2-alkoxypyridyl fragment
Authors: Deng Danfeng , Hu Bowen , Yang Min , Chen Dafa
Published: August 2019

The SN2 C–O cleavage mechanism with neutral H2O switches to SNAr when KOH is added.
Anion and solvent dependency of the electronic coupling strength in mixed valent class II systems
Authors: Hildebrandt Alexander , Miesel Dominique , Yuan Qing , Freytag Janine , Mahrholdt Julia , Lang Heinrich
Published: August 2019

The influence of the coordination and ion pairing properties of electrolyte anions and used solvents on the electrochemical and spectroscopic properties of cationic class II mixed valent species is discussed.
Towards stable and efficient electrolytes for room-temperature rechargeable calcium batteries
Authors: Li Zhenyou , Fuhr Olaf , Fichtner Maximilian , Zhao-Karger Zhirong
Published: August 2019

A novel Ca electrolyte with a broad electrochemical window and high ionic conductivity is demonstrated.
Directional synergistic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass with matching-solvents for added-value chemicals
Authors: Feng Junfeng , Zhang Le , Jiang Jianchun , Hse Chungyun , Shupe Todd F. , Pan Hui
Published: August 2019

Directional and synergistic conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose in biomass with matching-solvents for high added-value chemicals.
A microfluidic patterned model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: applications to disease progression and zonation
Authors: Bulutoglu Beyza , Rey-Bedón Camilo , Kang Young Bok (Abraham) , Mert Safak , Yarmush Martin L. , Usta O. Berk
Published: August 2019

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) involves a progressive increase of lipid accumulation. We created a microfluidic progressive NAFLD platform using free fatty acid gradients to capture the wide spectrum of disease conditions in a single continuous liver tissue.
The construction of ZnS–In2S3 nanonests and their heterojunction boosted visible-light photocatalytic/photoelectrocatalytic performance
Authors: Zhang Long-Zhen , Li Ya-Nan , Wang Minqiang , Liu Heng , Chen Hao , Cai Yanhua , Li Tianhao , Xu Maowen , Bao Shu-Juan
Published: August 2019

Nanoscale ZnS–In2S3 heterostructure with abundant crystal interfaces delivered excellent visible-light-harvest ability and high photo(electro)catalytic performance.
Interfacial THz generation from graphene/Si mixed-dimensional van der Waals heterostructure
Authors: Yao Zehan , Huang Yuanyuan , Zhu Lipeng , Obraztsov Petr A. , Du Wanyi , Zhang Longhui , Xu Xinlong
Published: August 2019

THz generation from silicon is effectively enhanced by the formation of van der Waals heterostructure with graphene.
Facile in situ synthesis of ultrasmall near-infrared-emitting gold glyconanoparticles with enhanced cellular uptake and tumor targeting
Authors: Wang Yaping , Ma Shufeng , Dai Zhiyi , Rong Zhili , Liu Jinbin
Published: August 2019

Ultrasmall gold glyconanoparticles with enhanced tumor-targeting efficiency and efficient clearance through both renal and hepatobiliary pathways.
Intermetallic Pd3Pb ultrathin nanoplate-constructed flowers with low-coordinated edge sites boost oxygen reduction performance
Authors: Luo Sai , Ou Yang , Li Lei , Li Junjie , Wu Xingqiao , Jiang Yi , Gao Mingxi , Yang Xiaofang , Zhang Hui , Yang Deren
Published: August 2019

Intermetallic Pd3Pb ultrathin nanoplate-constructed flowers were synthesized and exhibited substantially enhanced properties for the oxygen reduction reaction relative to commercial Pt/C.
Trimetallic palladium–copper–cobalt alloy wavy nanowires improve ethanol electrooxidation in alkaline medium
Authors: Zhao Fengling , Li Chaozhong , Yuan Qiang , Yang Fang , Luo Bin , Xie Zixuan , Yang Xiaotong , Zhou Zhiyou , Wang Xun
Published: August 2019

This study presents an example of how to prepare low-palladium PdCuCo alloy nanowires as improved anode electrocatalysts for direct ethanol fuel cells.
Accelerated site-selective photooxidation on Au nanoparticles via electrochemically-assisted plasmonic hole ejection
Authors: Nishi Hiroyasu , Tatsuma Tetsu
Published: August 2019

Deposition of PbO2 and dissolution of Au are electrochemically driven at selected sites of Au nanoparticles on a transparent electrode on the basis of hole ejection from the plasmonic resonance sites.
Pressure-induced structural transition and band gap evolution of double perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6 nanocrystals
Authors: Fu Ruijing , Chen Yaping , Yong Xue , Ma Zhiwei , Wang Lingrui , Lv Pengfei , Lu Siyu , Xiao Guanjun , Zou Bo
Published: August 2019

The pressure-induced bandgap evolution of double perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6 nanocrystals is highly related to the orbital interactions, associated with the tilting and distortion of [AgBr6]5− and [BiBr6]3− octahedra under pressure.
Poly(ethylene-co-propylene)/poly(ethylene glycol) elastomeric hydrogels with thermoreversibly cross-linked networks
Authors: He Zongke , Niu Hui , Zheng Nan , Liu Shuhui , Li Yang
Published: August 2019

A series of elastomeric hydrogels with repeated processability were prepared in this work.
Controlling the radical-induced redox chemistry inside a liquid-cell TEM
Authors: Ambrožič Bojan , Prašnikar Anže , Hodnik Nejc , Kostevšek Nina , Likozar Blaž , Rožman Kristina Žužek , Šturm Sašo
Published: August 2019

A holistically described radical-induced redox chemistry modelling allows for a direct assessment of the in situ experiments inside a liquid-cell TEM.
Sulphide as a leaving group: highly stereoselective bromination of alkyl phenyl sulphides
Authors: Canestrari Daniele , Cioffi Caterina , Biancofiore Ilaria , Lancianesi Stefano , Ghisu Lorenza , Ruether Manuel , O'Brien John , Adamo Mauro F. A. , Ibrahim Hasim
Published: August 2019

Molecular bromine is shown to stereoselectively brominate readily available alkyl phenyl sulphides under exceptionally mild reaction conditions.
Engineering self-assembly of giant molecules in the condensed state based on molecular nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Wei , Liu Yuchu , Huang Jiahao , Liu Tong , Xu Wei , Cheng Stephen Z. D. , Dong Xue-Hui
Published: August 2019

The structure and properties of macromolecules are dictated not only by the composition, but also by their topology, sequence, and dispersity.
Ginkgetin attenuates cerebral ischemia–reperfusion induced autophagy and cell death via modulation of the NF-κB/p53 signaling pathway
Authors: Pan Jianqing , Li Xiang , Guo Fei , Yang Zhigang , Zhang Lingling , Yang Chunshui
Published: August 2019

Background: Cerebral ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury is the key to fatality in cerebrovascular accident, hence further endeavor is warranted to delineate the mechanism underlying its lethal aggravation procedure. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the anti-autophagy and anti-apoptosis effects of ginkgetin via nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)/p53 pathway in cerebral I/R rats.

Methods: Rats were administrated 2-h occlusion of right middle cerebral artery before the 24-h reperfusion followed. There were three doses of ginkgetin (25, 50, 100 mg/kg) given intraperitoneally (i.p.) after the 2-h ischemia, and Pifithrin-α (PFT-α, p53 inhibitor), SN50 (NF-κB inhibitor) and 3-methyladenine (3-MA, autophagy inhibitor) was administered 20 min before the ischemia, respectively.

Results: The neurological deficits decreased significantly with the administration of ginkgetin. The concentrations of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II and p53 were significantly decreased by PFT-α, 3-MA and ginkgetin. The concentrations of Beclin 1, damage-regulated autophagy modulator, cathepsin B and cathepsin D were significantly decreased due to the administration of PFT-α, ginkgetin and SN50. Furthermore, the concentrations of Bax and p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis were significantly decreased with that of Bcl-2 being significantly increased by administration of SN50, PFT-α and ginkgetin.

Conclusion: Ginkgetin can alleviate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced autophagy and apoptosis by inhibiting the NF-κB/p53 signaling pathway.
Temporal and Episodic Analyses of the Story of Cinderella in Latent Aphasia
Authors: DeDe Gayle , Salis Christos
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to improve our understanding of the language characteristics of people with latent aphasia using measures that examined temporal (i.e., real-time) and episodic organization of discourse production.

Method

Thirty AphasiaBank participants were included (10 people with latent aphasia, 10 people with anomic aphasia, and 10 neurotypical control participants). Speech material of Cinderella narratives was analyzed with Praat software. We devised a protocol that coded the presence and duration of all speech segments, dysfluencies such as silent and filled pauses, and other speech behaviors. Using these durations, we generated a range of temporal measures such as speech, articulation, and pure word rates. Narratives were also coded into episodes, which provided information about the discourse macrostructure abilities of the participants.

Results

The latent aphasia group differed from controls in number of words produced, silent pause duration, and speech rate, but not articulation rate or pure word rate. Episodic organization of the narratives was similar in these 2 groups. The latent and anomic aphasia groups were similar in most measures, apart from articulation rate, which was lower in the anomic group. The anomic aphasia group also omitted more episodes than the latent aphasia group.

Conclusions

The differences between latent aphasia and neurotypical controls can be attributed to a processing speed deficit. We propose that this deficit results in an impaired ability to process information from multiple cognitive domains simultaneously.
Detection of DC series arc in more electric aircraft power system based on optical spectrometry
Authors: Jiang Jun , Zhao Mingxin , Wen Zhe , Zhang Chaohai , Albarracín Ricardo
Published: August 2019

Series arcing faults have been recognised as a hazardous phenomenon in the power system of more electric aircraft (MEA), especially with the increasing voltage level and power supply. Instead of the electrical method, the optical method can be used as an approach to detect arc fault with the advantages of fast response and immunity to electromagnetic interference. It is the basis of optical arc detection to determine the distribution spectrum range of direct current (DC) arc fault. Aiming at series arc optical detection in the MEA DC system, a DC series arc test platform was established to measure the series arc spectrum. The spectrum was disassembled though empirical mode decomposition to extract characteristic wavelengths of arc light and de‐noised by means of wavelet decomposition and reconstruction (wavelet transformation) to reduce equipment noise. To resolve the baseline drift, the baseline of the arc spectrum measured was calculated and corrected based on Savitzky−Golay. The experimental results indicate that there are several series arc characteristic spectra of the MEA DC system, including 309.3 and 324.5 nm in the ultraviolet range. Moreover, the arc spectrum with different metals, copper and aluminium, were contrasted, indicating the arc spectral behaviour is related to the melting/boiling point and chemical properties of the anode material. The measurement of the series arc spectrum makes it more effective to apply optical detection in the MEA discharging faults diagnosis.
Analysis of characteristics of phase noise generated by 90/150 cellular automata
Authors: Di An , Xin Cao , Qingwei Ji , Wenqiang Shi , Xinghan Gao
Published: August 2019

Pseudo‐random sequence plays an important role in the field of the phase noise simulation. This study analyses the pseudo‐random sequence generated by the method based on cellular automata (CA). Compared with the method of look‐up table and linear feedback neighbourhood registers, the simulation results show that the pseudo‐random sequence generated by the CA method has better adaptability in the process of phase noise simulation.
The impact of stars stripped in binaries on the integrated spectra of stellar populations
Authors: Götberg Y. , de Mink S. E. , Groh J. H. , Leitherer C. , Norman C.
Published: August 2019

Stars stripped of their envelopes from interaction with a binary companion emit a significant fraction of their radiation as ionizing photons. They are potentially important stellar sources of ionizing radiation, however, they are still often neglected in spectral synthesis simulations or simulations of stellar feedback. In anticipating the large datasets of galaxy spectra from the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope, we modeled the radiative contribution from stripped stars by using detailed evolutionary and spectral models. We estimated their impact on the integrated spectra and specifically on the emission rates of H I-, He I-, and He II-ionizing photons from stellar populations. We find that stripped stars have the largest impact on the ionizing spectrum of a population in which star formation halted several Myr ago. In such stellar populations, stripped stars dominate the emission of ionizing photons, mimicking a younger stellar population in which massive stars are still present. Our models also suggest that stripped stars have harder ionizing spectra than massive stars. The additional ionizing radiation, with which stripped stars contribute affects observable properties that are related to the emission of ionizing photons from stellar populations. In co-eval stellar populations, the ionizing radiation from stripped stars increases the ionization parameter and the production efficiency of hydrogen ionizing photons. They also cause high values for these parameters for about ten times longer than what is predicted for massive stars. The effect on properties related to non-ionizing wavelengths is less pronounced, such as on the ultraviolet continuum slope or stellar contribution to emission lines. However, the hard ionizing radiation from stripped stars likely introduces a characteristic ionization structure of the nebula, which leads to the emission of highly ionized elements such as O2+ and C3+. We, therefore, expect that the presence of stripped stars affects the location in the BPT diagram and the diagnostic ratio of O III to O II nebular emission lines. Our models are publicly available through CDS database and on the STARBURST99 website.
Sterile Keratitis
Authors: Messmer Elisabeth M.
Published: August 2019

Sterile Keratitiden können als rein okuläres Problem, aber auch im Rahmen einer potenziell letalen Grunderkrankung auftreten. Diagnosestellung und Management dieser Erkrankung sind eine große Herausforderung für den Augenarzt. Neben therapeutischen Grundprinzipien für alle nicht infektiösen Keratitiden und Ulzerationen bestimmt die jeweilige Pathogenese die spezifische, u. U. lebensrettende Behandlung. Daher muss vor jeder Therapie eine akkurate, wegweisende Diagnose stehen.
Vitreomakuläre Interface-Erkrankungen
Authors: Jandeck Claudia
Published: August 2019

Veränderungen im Glaskörper mit Schwächung der vitreoretinalen Adhäsion und Verflüssigung des Glaskörpers führen im Normalfall zu einer Abhebung der Glaskörpergrenzmembran von der Membrana limitans interna. Geschieht dies nicht simultan und komplett oder mit vorheriger Bildung prämakulärer Verdichtungen, können je nach Aufspaltung der hinteren Glaskörpergrenzmembran bzw. bei nur partieller Abhebung verschiedene Veränderungen entstehen, wie eine vitreomakuläre Traktion, eine epiretinale Membran oder ein Makulaforamen.
Orbitaerkrankungen im Kindesalter
Authors: Salchow Daniel J.
Published: August 2019

Orbitale Erkrankungen kommen im Säuglings- und Kindesalter relativ häufig vor, wie z. B. Fehlbildungen der Orbita im Rahmen von kraniofazialen Syndromen, gutartige und bösartige Raumforderungen. Aber auch entzündliche und infektiöse Erkrankungen und Verletzungen treten in dieser Altersgruppe auf. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die wichtigeren klinischen und differenzialdiagnostischen Orbitaerkrankungen im Kindesalter.
Functional Deficits in the Wrist and Finger Joints of Goalkeepers After 20 Years of Playing Recreational Football
Authors: Hilber Franz , Wiesenberg Alexander , Kerschbaum Maximilian , Ernstberger Antonio , Worlicek Michael , Nerlich Michael , Prantl Lukas , Koch Matthias , Krutsch Volker , Krutsch Werner
Published: August 2019

Background Long-term damage in the hip, knee and ankle joints of football players has been thoroughly discussed in the literature. Compared with outfield players, however, goalkeepers sustain injuries to the upper extremities five times more often. There is a lack of studies on long-term functional damage to the wrist and finger joints of football goalkeepers.

Hypothesis Repetitive micro-traumas and injuries lead to degenerative diseases in goalkeepers after 20 years of playing recreational soccer.

Methods The personal histories, injury histories and clinical examination findings of the wrist and finger joints of 27 goalkeepers were compared with the findings obtained in a control group of outfield players.

Results Goalkeepers were significantly more restricted in finger movement (p < 0.05) and experienced more pain and swelling (p < 0.05) as well as higher levels of instability (p < 0.05) in the wrist and finger joints than outfield players.

Conclusion Medical history and clinical findings indicate deficits in the hands of soccer goalkeepers and a high prevalence of joint and ligament injuries sustained to the fingers over the course of their sports activity. This necessitates specific strategies in the future to prevent injuries and long-term posttraumatic deficits.
Sprache und Kommunikation als Therapeutikum – Plädoyer für den Vale(b)o-Effekt in der Heilkunde
Authors: Schröder Marlen , Schröder Hartmut
Published: August 2019

Sprache und Kommunikation gelten in der Psychotherapie und in der Psychosomatik als Therapeutikum, d. h. sie sind ein anerkanntes Wirkmittel. In der somatischen
Medizin hingegen werden sie als unspezifische Effekte bezeichnet und in der Forschung als Placebo zu einer reinen Messgröße degradiert. Im Sprachgebrauch wird
unter Placebo eine Täuschung des Patienten verstanden durch etwas, das nicht wirksam ist. Gleichwohl sind Placeboeffekte reale und messbare physiologische
Wirkungen. Eine neue Sichtweise auf das Placebo ergibt, dass diese Wirkungen als Bedeutungswirkungen erklärbar sind und durch einen aktiven Prozess der
Bedeutungserteilung durch den Patienten erzeugt werden. Der Patient selbst entscheidet aufgrund seiner Erfahrungen, Erwartungen und im Kontext der
therapeutischen Beziehung zu seinem Arzt, ob ein Reiz als Placebo oder als Nocebo bei ihm ankommt. Es wird daher dafür plädiert, die Patientenkompetenz zu
fördern und anstelle von Placebo den Begriff Vale(b)o zu verwenden. Vale(b)o wird verstanden als ein Placeboeffekt, ohne dass eine Täuschung durch den Arzt
stattgefunden hat: Der aufgeklärte und kompetente Patient selbst gibt über sein Bewusstsein und durch körpereigene Mechanismen Impulse für die
Selbstregulation.
Angeborene Ichthyosen: Warum Lipide in der obersten Hautschicht lebenswichtig sind
Authors: Schneider H. , Dick A. , Schatz M.
Published: August 2019

Ichthyosen sind Verhornungsstörungen, denen eine verminderte Permeabilitätsbarriere der Haut zugrunde liegt. Erhöhter Wasserverlust über die Epidermis bewirkt dabei eine kompensatorische Hyperproliferation mit übermäßiger Schuppenbildung. Mutationen verschiedener Gene wurden als Krankheitsursache beschrieben. Unterschieden wird zunächst zwischen Ichthyosen im Rahmen bestimmter Syndrome und nicht-syndromalen Ichthyosen, die allein die Haut betreffen, sowie zwischen perinatal noch nicht sichtbaren Ichthyosen und solchen, die mit angeborener Symptomatik – insbesondere mit dem Bild des Kollodiumbabys – einhergehen (Ichthyosis congenita). Obwohl später Blickdiagnosen die Regel sind, stellt im Falle eines Kollodiumbabys die Abgrenzung von anderen kutanen oder metabolischen Krankheiten eine Herausforderung dar. Differenzialdiagnostisch sind histologische und molekulargenetische Untersuchungen hilfreich. Lebensbedrohliche Initialsymptome, vor allem Störungen im Wasser- und Elektrolythaushalt, können intensivmedizinische Maßnahmen erfordern. Nach klinischer Stabilisierung steht die Pflege der meist sehr trockenen Haut im Vordergrund. Dazu gehören Bäder, welche die Hautabschuppung fördern, sowie rückfettende Salben. Manchmal ist außerdem eine systemische Behandlung mit Retinoiden notwendig. Salizylsäurehaltige Externa sollten im Säuglingsalter wegen der Gefahr einer Salizylatintoxikation nicht zum Einsatz kommen.
Akne in verschiedenen Lebensphasen: ähnliche Klinik, unterschiedliche Konsequenzen
Authors: Becker-Weimann Su Youn , Ochsendorf Falk R.
Published: August 2019

Akne ist eine häufige Erkrankung mit hoher Prävalenz unter Jugendlichen („Pubertätsakne“). Jedoch gibt es weitere Sonderformen, die vor allem im Säuglings- und Kindesalter auftreten. Hierzu gehören Acne neonatorum, Acne juvenilis sowie Akne der mittleren Kindheit. Die Krankheit wird von endogenen (genetische Disposition, Androgene, Wachstumshormone) und exogenen (Propionibacterium acnes, Ernährungsgewohnheiten, mechanische Irritation) Faktoren moduliert. Pathogenetische Hauptfaktoren sind gesteigerte Talgproduktion, follikuläre Differenzierungsstörungen und perifollikuläre Entzündungsvorgänge. Für die Therapie stehen wirksame topische und systemische Medikamente zur Verfügung. Je nach Lebensalter des Betroffenen, werden unterschiedliche Behandlungsverfahren und Vorgehensweisen empfohlen.
Multiple Sklerose – Einfluss der Ernährung und des Darmmikrobioms
Authors: Gröber Uwe
Published: August 2019

Multiple Sklerose (auch Encephalomyelitis disseminata, ED) ist die häufigste chronisch entzündliche Autoimmunerkrankung des zentralen Nervensystems (ZNS). Die
Ursachen der Autoimmunerkrankung sind bis heute nicht vollständig geklärt. Die Wissenschaft vermutet jedoch zwischenzeitlich, dass genetische Faktoren nur eine
untergeordnete Rolle spielen. Die stetige Zunahme der Diagnoseprävalenz der Multiplen Sklerose in den letzten 30 Jahren wird v. a. in Verbindung gebracht mit
einer Dysregulation des Immunsystems durch anthropogene Umweltveränderungen. Industriekost, die reich an gesättigten tierischen Fetten und raffinierten
Kohlenhydraten ist, begünstigt die Entwicklung von entzündlichen Erkrankungen. Unsere Ernährung beeinflusst über die Mikroorganismen im Darm die Immunzellen des
Gehirns und damit auch den Verlauf von MS.
MS ist keine Einbahnstraße – Selbst Verantwortung übernehmen
Authors: Jordan Anno
Published: August 2019

Die Diagnose einer Multiplen Sklerose ist für den Betroffenen erschütternd. Wut, Trauer und Nichtwahrhabenwollen sind dominierende Gefühle nach Erhalt der
Nachricht einer unheilbaren Erkrankung. Nichtsdestotrotz müssen sich betroffene Patienten mit der Diagnose auseinandersetzen und vertrauen – naheliegend –
zuerst auf ihren behandelnden Arzt. In nicht seltenen Fällen führt die Medikation jedoch zu vielfältigen Nebenwirkungen, die den Patienten neben den sowieso
bestehenden Krankheitssymptomen noch weiter einschränken. Der Autor stellt in seinem persönlichen Erfahrungsbericht seinen Umgang mit MS vor und zeigt
alternative Wege auf, in denen die schulmedizinische Medikation nur noch als Begleitmaßnahme in Erscheinung tritt.
Ayurvedische Therapie bei Multipler Sklerose
Authors: Gupta Hedwig H.
Published: August 2019

Für die Multiple Sklerose existiert im schulmedizinischen System keine kausale Therapie. Im Ayurveda wird die energetische Grundlage der Erkrankung betrachtet,
dadurch sind alle Störungen sicher diagnostisch einzuordnen. Alle Symptome sind aus ayurvedischer Sicht Zeichen einer Übererregung des dosha vata, die
sich insbesondere in den Geweben von Muskeln und Mark sowie dem ojas, dem Immunsystem, abspielt. Durch diese Reizung wird agni, das
Verdauungsfeuer, geschwächt und ama, krankheitsfördernde Metabolite, gebildet.

Die ayurvedische Therapie konzentriert sich darauf, erst ama zu verdauen und dann vata im Alltag zu beruhigen. Es gibt eine Fülle von
vata-reduzierenden Ansätzen mit Phyto- und Ernährungstherapie, äußerlichen Behandlungen und Yoga. Bei schweren Formen und zur Prävention von Schüben sind
Reinigungstechniken indiziert.
Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Decision Support: a Focused Literature Survey
Authors: Montani Stefania , Striani Manuel
Published: August 2019

Objectives: This survey analyses the latest literature contributions to clinical decision support systems (DSSs) on a two-year period (2017-2018), focusing on the approaches that adopt Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques in a broad sense. The goal is to analyse the distribution of data-driven AI approaches with respect to “classical" knowledge-based ones, and to consider the issues raised and their possible solutions.

Methods: We included PubMed and Web of ScienceTM publications, focusing on contributions describing clinical DSSs that adopted one or more AI methodologies.

Results: We selected 75 papers, 49 of which describe approaches in the data-driven AI area, 20 present purely knowledge-based DSSs, and 6 adopt hybrid approaches relying on both formalized knowledge and data.

Conclusions: Recent studies in the clinical DSS area demonstrate a prevalence of data-driven AI, which can be adopted autonomously in purely data-driven systems, or in cooperation with domain knowledge in hybrid systems. Such hybrid approaches, able to conjugate all available knowledge sources through proper knowledge integration steps, represent an interesting example of synergy between the two AI categories. This synergy can lead to the resolution of some existing issues, such as the need for transparency and explainability, nowadays recognized as central themes to be addressed by both AI and medical informatics research.
Enhancing Clinical Data and Clinical Research Data with Biomedical Ontologies - Insights from the Knowledge Representation Perspective
Authors: Bona Jonathan P. , Prior Fred W. , Zozus Meredith N. , Brochhausen Mathias
Published: August 2019

Objectives: There exists a communication gap between the biomedical informatics community on one side and the computer science/artificial intelligence community on the other side regarding the meaning of the terms “semantic integration" and “knowledge representation“. This gap leads to approaches that attempt to provide one-to-one mappings between data elements and biomedical ontologies. Our aim is to clarify the representational differences between traditional data management and semantic-web-based data management by providing use cases of clinical data and clinical research data re-representation. We discuss how and why one-to-one mappings limit the advantages of using Semantic Web Technologies (SWTs).

Methods: We employ commonly used SWTs, such as Resource Description Framework (RDF) and Ontology Web Language (OWL). We reuse pre-existing ontologies and ensure shared ontological commitment by selecting ontologies from a framework that fosters community-driven collaborative ontology development for biomedicine following the same set of principles.

Results: We demonstrate the results of providing SWT-compliant re-representation of data elements from two independent projects managing clinical data and clinical research data. Our results show how one-to-one mappings would hinder the exploitation of the advantages provided by using SWT.

Conclusions: We conclude that SWT-compliant re-representation is an indispensable step, if using the full potential of SWT is the goal. Rather than providing one-to-one mappings, developers should provide documentation that links data elements to graph structures to specify the re-representation.
On the Right to Science: Recommendations of Selection Criteria for IMIA Scientific Meetings
Authors: Lehmann Christoph U. , Borycki Elizabeth , Cho Kyung-Hee , Espinosa Amado , Geissbuhler Antoine , Huesing Elaine , Hurlen Petter , Kimura Michio , Tchuitcheu Ghislain Kouematchoua , Kushniruk Andre , Lovis Christian , Luna Daniel , Moen Anne , Park Hyeoun-Ae , Seroussi Brigitte , Silva Marcelo L. , Takeda Hiroshi , Weber Patrick , Westbrook Johanna , Koch Sabine
Published: August 2019

The International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA), a non-governmental, not-for-profit, global organization promoting health and biomedical informatics, is committed to the right of communities/populations and individuals to science, comprised of three separate constituent rights: 1) the right to participate in science, 2) the right to benefit from science, and 3) the right to benefit from a person’s own contribution to science or inventions. As such, IMIA provides a global platform where scientists, researchers, health information users, vendors, developers, consultants, health care consumers, and suppliers can meet in an environment of cooperation and sharing. In the context of IMIA’s conferences, the IMIA board has discussed and identified the important central factors, which are essential considerations to host a scientific meeting. These factors will be used to help vet future contenders applying for the honor to host an IMIA conference: Reasonable safety and security, commitment by the host member society, freedom of travel, scientific freedom, and freedom from discrimination.