bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A polygenic resilience score moderates the genetic risk for schizophrenia
Authors:   the Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Hess Jonathan L. ,   Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Tylee Daniel S. , Mattheisen Manuel , Børglum Anders D. , Als Thomas D. , Grove Jakob , Werge Thomas , Mortensen Preben Bo , Mors Ole , Nordentoft Merete , Hougaard David M. , Byberg-Grauholm Jonas , Bækvad-Hansen Marie , Greenwood Tiffany A. , Tsuang Ming T. , Curtis David , Steinberg Stacy , Sigurdsson Engilbert , Stefánsson Hreinn , Stefánsson Kári , Edenberg Howard J. , Holmans Peter , Faraone Stephen V. , Glatt Stephen J.
Published: September 2019

Based on the discovery by the Resilience Project (Chen R. et al. Nat Biotechnol 34:531–538, 2016) of rare variants that confer resistance to Mendelian disease, and protective alleles for some complex diseases, we posited the existence of genetic variants that promote resilience to highly heritable polygenic disorders1,0 such as schizophrenia. Resilience has been traditionally viewed as a psychological construct, although our use of the term resilience refers to a different construct that directly relates to the Resilience Project, namely: heritable variation that promotes resistance to disease by reducing the penetrance of risk loci, wherein resilience and risk loci operate orthogonal to one another. In this study, we established a procedure to identify unaffected individuals with relatively high polygenic risk for schizophrenia, and contrasted them with risk-matched schizophrenia cases to generate the first known “polygenic resilience score” that represents the additive contributions to SZ resistance by variants that are distinct from risk loci. The resilience score was derived from data compiled by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, and replicated in three independent samples. This work establishes a generalizable framework for finding resilience variants for any complex, heritable disorder.
Diversity and biogeography of SAR11 bacteria from the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Kraemer Susanne , Ramachandran Arthi , Colatriano David , Lovejoy Connie , Walsh David A
Published: September 2019

The Arctic Ocean is relatively isolated from other oceans and consists of strongly stratified water masses with distinct histories, nutrient, temperature, and salinity characteristics, therefore providing an optimal environment to investigate local adaptation. The globally distributed SAR11 bacterial group consists of multiple ecotypes that are associated with particular marine environments, yet relatively little is known about Arctic SAR11 diversity. Here, we examined SAR11 diversity using ITS analysis and metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). Arctic SAR11 assemblages were comprised of the S1a, S1b, S2, and S3 clades, and structured by water mass and depth. The fresher surface layer was dominated by an ecotype (S3-derived P3.2) previously associated with Arctic and brackish water. In contrast, deeper waters of Pacific origin were dominated by the P2.3 ecotype of the S2 clade, within which we identified a novel subdivision (P2.3s1) that was rare outside the Arctic Ocean. Arctic S2-derived SAR11 MAGs were restricted to high latitudes and included MAGs related to the recently defined S2b subclade, a finding consistent with bi-polar ecotypes and Arctic endemism. These results place the stratified Arctic Ocean into the SAR11 global biogeography and have identified SAR11 lineages for future investigation of adaptive evolution in the Arctic Ocean.
Drug repurposing for Alzheimer’s disease based on transcriptional profiling of human iPSC-derived cortical neurons
Authors: Williams Gareth , Gatt Ariana , Clarke Earl , Corcoran Jonathan , Doherty Patrick , Chambers David , Ballard Clive
Published: September 2019

Alzheimer’s disease is a complex disorder encompassing multiple pathological features with associated genetic and molecular culprits. However, target-based therapeutic strategies have so far proved ineffective. The aim of this study is to develop a methodology harnessing the transcriptional changes associated with Alzheimer’s disease to develop a high content quantitative disease phenotype that can be used to repurpose existing drugs. Firstly, the Alzheimer’s disease gene expression landscape covering severe disease stage, early pathology progression, cognitive decline and animal models of the disease has been defined and used to select a set of 153 drugs tending to oppose disease-associated changes in the context of immortalised human cancer cell lines. The selected compounds have then been assayed in the more biologically relevant setting of iPSC-derived cortical neuron cultures. It is shown that 51 of the drugs drive expression changes consistently opposite to those seen in Alzheimer’s disease. It is hoped that the iPSC profiles will serve as a useful resource for drug repositioning within the context of neurodegenerative disease and potentially aid in generating novel multi-targeted therapeutic strategies.
Megakaryocytes participate in the occurrence of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Zhou Yan , Zhang Bo , Li Chen , Huang XiaoTing , Cheng HaiPeng , Bao XingWen , Zhao FeiYan , Cheng QingMei , Yue ShaoJie , Han JianZhong , Luo ZiQiang
Published: September 2019

Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by the remodeling of fibrotic tissue and collagen deposition, which mainly results from aberrant fibroblasts proliferation and trans-differentiation to myofibroblasts. Patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia, myeloproliferative disorder, and scleroderma with pulmonary fibrosis complications show megakaryocyte infiltration in the lung. In this study, we demonstrated that the number of CD41+ megakaryocytes increased in bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis tissues through the Chemokine (CXCmotif) ligand 12/Chemokine receptor 4 (CXCL12/CXCR4) axis. Pharmacological inhibition of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis with WZ811 prevented migration of CD41+ megakaryocytes induced by BLM-injured lung tissue ex vivo and in vivo. In addition, WZ811 significantly attenuated lung fibrosis after BLM challenge. Moreover, megakaryocytes directly promoted fibroblast proliferation and trans-differentiation to myofibroblasts. We conclude that thrombopoietin (TPO) activated megakaryocytes through transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway to promote fibroblast proliferation and trans-differentiation to myofibroblasts, which is abolished by treatment with selective TGF-βR-1/ALK5 inhibitors. Therefore, CD41+ megakaryocytes migrate to injured lung tissue partially through the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis to promote the proliferation and trans-differentiation of fibroblasts through direct contact and the TGF-β1 pathway.
Large-scale parallelization of nanomechanical mass spectrometry with weakly-coupled resonators
Authors: Stassi Stefano , De Laurentis Giulia , Chakraborty Debadi , Bejtka Katarzyna , Chiodoni Angelica , Sader John E. , Ricciardi Carlo
Published: September 2019

Nanomechanical mass spectrometry is a recent technological breakthrough that enables the real-time analysis of single molecules. In contraposition to its extreme mass sensitivity is a limited capture cross-section that can hinder measurements in a practical setting. Here we show that weak-coupling between devices in resonator arrays can be used in nanomechanical mass spectrometry to parallelize the measurement. This coupling gives rise to asymmetric amplitude peaks in the vibrational response of a single nanomechanical resonator of the array, which coincide with the natural frequencies of all other resonators in the same array. A rigorous theoretical model is derived that explains the physical mechanisms and describes the practical features of this parallelization. We demonstrate the significance of this parallelization through inertial imaging of analytes adsorbed to all resonators of an array, with the possibility of simultaneously detecting resonators placed at distances a hundred times larger than their own physical size.
Space Station conditions are selective but do not alter microbial characteristics relevant to human health
Authors: Mora Maximilian , Wink Lisa , Kögler Ines , Mahnert Alexander , Rettberg Petra , Schwendner Petra , Demets René , Cockell Charles , Alekhova Tatiana , Klingl Andreas , Krause Robert , Zolotariof Anna , Alexandrova Alina , Moissl-Eichinger Christine
Published: September 2019

The International Space Station (ISS) is a unique habitat for humans and microorganisms. Here, we report the results of the ISS experiment EXTREMOPHILES, including the analysis of microbial communities from several areas aboard at three time points. We assess microbial diversity, distribution, functional capacity and resistance profile using a combination of cultivation-independent analyses (amplicon and shot-gun sequencing) and cultivation-dependent analyses (physiological and genetic characterization of microbial isolates, antibiotic resistance tests, co-incubation experiments). We show that the ISS microbial communities are highly similar to those present in ground-based confined indoor environments and are subject to fluctuations, although a core microbiome persists over time and locations. The genomic and physiological features selected by ISS conditions do not appear to be directly relevant to human health, although adaptations towards biofilm formation and surface interactions were observed. Our results do not raise direct reason for concern with respect to crew health, but indicate a potential threat towards material integrity in moist areas.
Evidence for allocentric boundary and goal direction information in the human entorhinal cortex and subiculum
Authors: Shine J. P. , Valdés-Herrera J. P. , Tempelmann C. , Wolbers T.
Published: September 2019

In rodents, cells in the medial entorhinal cortex (EC) and subiculum code for the allocentric direction to environment boundaries, which is an important prerequisite for accurate positional coding. Although in humans boundary-related signals have been reported, there is no evidence that they contain allocentric direction information. Furthermore, it has not been possible to separate boundary versus goal direction signals in the EC/subiculum. Here, to address these questions, we had participants learn a virtual environment containing four unique boundaries. Participants then underwent fMRI scanning where they made judgements about the allocentric direction of a cue object. Using multivariate decoding, we found information regarding allocentric boundary direction in posterior EC and subiculum, whereas allocentric goal direction was decodable from anterior EC and subiculum. These data provide the first evidence of allocentric boundary coding in humans, and are consistent with recent conceptualisations of a division of labour within the EC.
Highly efficient decomposition of ammonia using high-entropy alloy catalysts
Authors: Xie Pengfei , Yao Yonggang , Huang Zhennan , Liu Zhenyu , Zhang Junlei , Li Tangyuan , Wang Guofeng , Shahbazian-Yassar Reza , Hu Liangbing , Wang Chao
Published: September 2019

Ammonia represents a promising liquid fuel for hydrogen storage, but its large-scale application is limited by the need for precious metal ruthenium (Ru) as catalyst. Here we report on highly efficient ammonia decomposition using novel high-entropy alloy (HEA) catalysts made of earth abundant elements. Quinary CoMoFeNiCu nanoparticles are synthesized in a single solid-solution phase with robust control over the Co/Mo atomic ratio, including those ratios considered to be immiscible according to the Co-Mo bimetallic phase diagram. These HEA nanoparticles demonstrate substantially enhanced catalytic activity and stability for ammonia decomposition, with improvement factors achieving >20 versus Ru catalysts. Catalytic activity of HEA nanoparticles is robustly tunable by varying the Co/Mo ratio, allowing for the optimization of surface property to maximize the reactivity under different reaction conditions. Our work highlights the great potential of HEAs for catalyzing chemical transformation and energy conversion reactions.
Patient-derived lung cancer organoids as in vitro cancer models for therapeutic screening
Authors: Kim Minsuh , Mun Hyemin , Sung Chang Oak , Cho Eun Jeong , Jeon Hye-Joon , Chun Sung-Min , Jung Da Jung , Shin Tae Hoon , Jeong Gi Seok , Kim Dong Kwan , Choi Eun Kyung , Jeong Seong-Yun , Taylor Alison M. , Jain Sejal , Meyerson Matthew , Jang Se Jin
Published: September 2019

Lung cancer shows substantial genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity across individuals, driving a need for personalised medicine. Here, we report lung cancer organoids and normal bronchial organoids established from patient tissues comprising five histological subtypes of lung cancer and non-neoplastic bronchial mucosa as in vitro models representing individual patient. The lung cancer organoids recapitulate the tissue architecture of the primary lung tumours and maintain the genomic alterations of the original tumours during long-term expansion in vitro. The normal bronchial organoids maintain cellular components of normal bronchial mucosa. Lung cancer organoids respond to drugs based on their genomic alterations: a BRCA2-mutant organoid to olaparib, an EGFR-mutant organoid to erlotinib, and an EGFR-mutant/MET-amplified organoid to crizotinib. Considering the short length of time from organoid establishment to drug testing, our newly developed model may prove useful for predicting patient-specific drug responses through in vitro patient-specific drug trials.
Active control of viscous fingering using electric fields
Authors: Gao Tao , Mirzadeh Mohammad , Bai Peng , Conforti Kameron M. , Bazant Martin Z.
Published: September 2019

Viscous fingering is a widely observed phenomenon, in which finger-like instabilities occur at the interface of two fluids, whenever a less viscous phase displaces a more viscous phase. This instability is notoriously difficult to control, especially for given viscosity ratio and geometry. Here we demonstrate experimentally the active control of viscous fingering of two given liquids, for given geometry and flow rate in a Hele-Shaw cell. The control is realized by taking advantage of electro-osmotic flows along the surfaces confining the fluid, via applying an external electric field. Depending on the direction of electric field, the induced secondary electro-osmotic flows either assist or oppose the hydraulic flow, effectively reducing or increasing the flow resistance, leading to the control of interface stability. The mechanism of apparent “electrokinetic thinning/thickening” is proposed to explain the experimental observations. Theoretical predictions of linear stability are confirmed experimentally for a broad range of immiscible electrolyte displacements.
Author Correction: WWP2 regulates pathological cardiac fibrosis by modulating SMAD2 signaling
Authors: Chen Huimei , Moreno-Moral Aida , Pesce Francesco , Devapragash Nithya , Mancini Massimiliano , Heng Ee Ling , Rotival Maxime , Srivastava Prashant K. , Harmston Nathan , Shkura Kirill , Rackham Owen J. L. , Yu Wei-Ping , Sun Xi-Ming , Tee Nicole Gui Zhen , Tan Elisabeth Li Sa , Barton Paul J. R. , Felkin Leanne E. , Lara-Pezzi Enrique , Angelini Gianni , Beltrami Cristina , Pravenec Michal , Schafer Sebastian , Bottolo Leonardo , Hubner Norbert , Emanueli Costanza , Cook Stuart A. , Petretto Enrico
Published: September 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Time-lapse imagery and volunteer classifications from the Zooniverse Penguin Watch project
Authors: Jones Fiona M. , Allen Campbell , Arteta Carlos , Arthur Joan , Black Caitlin , Emmerson Louise M. , Freeman Robin , Hines Greg , Lintott Chris J. , Macháčková Zuzana , Miller Grant , Simpson Rob , Southwell Colin , Torsey Holly R. , Zisserman Andrew , Hart Tom
Published: September 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper
In vivo evaluation of safety, biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of laser-synthesized gold nanoparticles
Authors: Bailly Anne-Laure , Correard Florian , Popov Anton , Tselikov Gleb , Chaspoul Florence , Appay Romain , Al-Kattan Ahmed , Kabashin Andrei V. , Braguer Diane , Esteve Marie-Anne
Published: September 2019

Capable of generating plasmonic and other effects, gold nanostructures can offer a variety of diagnostic and therapy functionalities for biomedical applications, but conventional chemically-synthesized Au nanomaterials cannot always match stringent requirements for toxicity levels and surface conditioning. Laser-synthesized Au nanoparticles (AuNP) present a viable alternative to chemical counterparts and can offer exceptional purity (no trace of contaminants) and unusual surface chemistry making possible direct conjugation with biocompatible polymers (dextran, polyethylene glycol). This work presents the first pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and safety study of laser-ablated dextran-coated AuNP (AuNPd) under intravenous administration in small animal model. Our data show that AuNPd are rapidly eliminated from the blood circulation and accumulated preferentially in liver and spleen, without inducing liver or kidney toxicity, as confirmed by the plasmatic ALAT and ASAT activities, and creatininemia values. Despite certain residual accumulation in tissues, we did not detect any sign of histological damage or inflammation in tissues, while IL-6 level confirmed the absence of any chronic inflammation. The safety of AuNPd was confirmed by healthy behavior of animals and the absence of acute and chronic toxicities in liver, spleen and kidneys. Our results demonstrate that laser-synthesized AuNP are safe for biological systems, which promises their successful biomedical applications.
Corticosteroid eye drop instillation aggravates the development of Acanthamoeba keratitis in rabbit corneas inoculated with Acanthamoeba and bacteria
Authors: Nakagawa Hayate , Koike Naohito , Ehara Tomoko , Hattori Takaaki , Narimatsu Akitomo , Kumakura Shigeto , Goto Hiroshi
Published: September 2019

The role of topical corticosteroids in management of Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) remains controversial. Using a rabbit AK model, we investigated whether corticosteroid use is a risk factor of AK. Acanthamoeba (1 × 105/ml) was incubated with two densities of P. aeruginosa (PA; high-PA: 1 × 108/ml, low-PA: 3 × 105/ml) before corneal inoculation. Rabbit corneas were inoculated with Acanthamoeba alone or Acanthamoeba plus PA and administered levofloxacin and betamethasone sodium phosphate (BSP) eye drops for 5 or 7 days. Infected rabbit eyes were evaluated for clinical score and Acanthamoeba by histological examination. Acanthamoeba alone and BSP treatment did not produce keratitis. Corneas inoculated with Acanthamoeba plus low-PA treated immediately with levofloxacin and BSP remained clear with few infiltrates. Corneas inoculated with Acanthamoeba plus low-PA treated with levofloxacin immediately and BSP 12 h later developed severe keratitis. Corneas inoculated with Acanthamoeba plus high-PA treated immediately with levofloxacin and BSP also developed severe keratitis. Acanthamoebae were detected by PAS staining in corneas inoculated with Acanthamoeba plus high-PA treated with levofloxacin and BSP. Topical corticosteroids have the potential to aggravate AK when cornea is infected by Acanthamoeba with a critical number of bacteria or when corticosteroids are given after infection has established by Acanthamoeba with small number of bacteria.
Application of Quantum Annealing to Nurse Scheduling Problem
Authors: Ikeda Kazuki , Nakamura Yuma , Humble Travis S.
Published: September 2019

Quantum annealing is a promising heuristic method to solve combinatorial optimization problems, and efforts to quantify performance on real-world problems provide insights into how this approach may be best used in practice. We investigate the empirical performance of quantum annealing to solve the Nurse Scheduling Problem (NSP) with hard constraints using the D-Wave 2000Q quantum annealing device. NSP seeks the optimal assignment for a set of nurses to shifts under an accompanying set of constraints on schedule and personnel. After reducing NSP to a novel Ising-type Hamiltonian, we evaluate the solution quality obtained from the D-Wave 2000Q against the constraint requirements as well as the diversity of solutions. For the test problems explored here, our results indicate that quantum annealing recovers satisfying solutions for NSP and suggests the heuristic method is potentially achievable for practical use. Moreover, we observe that solution quality can be greatly improved through the use of reverse annealing, in which it is possible to refine returned results by using the annealing process a second time. We compare the performance of NSP using both forward and reverse annealing methods and describe how this approach might be used in practice.
Varying crosslinking motifs drive the mesoscale mechanics of actin-microtubule composites
Authors: Ricketts Shea N. , Francis Madison L. , Farhadi Leila , Rust Michael J. , Das Moumita , Ross Jennifer L. , Robertson-Anderson Rae M.
Published: September 2019

The cytoskeleton precisely tunes its mechanics by altering interactions between semiflexible actin filaments, rigid microtubules, and crosslinking proteins. We use optical tweezers microrheology and confocal microscopy to characterize how varying crosslinking motifs impact the mesoscale mechanics and mobility of actin-microtubule composites. We show that, upon subtle changes in crosslinking patterns, composites can exhibit two distinct classes of force response – primarily elastic versus more viscous. For example, a composite in which actin and microtubules are crosslinked to each other but not to themselves is markedly more elastic than one in which both filaments are independently crosslinked. Notably, this distinction only emerges at mesoscopic scales in response to nonlinear forcing, whereas varying crosslinking motifs have little impact on the microscale mechanics and mobility. Our unexpected scale-dependent results not only inform the physics underlying key cytoskeleton processes and structures, but, more generally, provide valuable perspective to materials engineering endeavors focused on polymer composites.
Synergistic effects of tung oil and heat treatment on physicochemical properties of bamboo materials
Authors: Tang Tong , Zhang Bo , Liu Xianmiao , Wang Wenbo , Chen Xiufang , Fei Benhua
Published: September 2019

The search for green and sustainable modification method to produce durable bamboo materials remains a challenge in industry. Here, heat treatment in tung oil at 100–200 °C was employed to modify bamboo materials. Oil permeation and distribution in the structure of bamboo samples during heat treatment were explored. The synergistic effects of tung oil and heat treatment on the chemical, physical and mechanical properties of bamboo materials, and their mutual relationships were also investigated in detail. Results showed that the tung oil heat treated bamboo not only had an enhanced hydrophobic property and dimensional stability, improved fungi resistance, but also displayed good mechanical performance. Compared with the untreated sample, the water-saturated swelling reduced from 3.17% to 2.42% for the sample after oil heat treatment at 200 °C, and the contact angles of the sample after oil heat treatment at 200 °C can keep >100° after 300 s in radial direction. Such improvement can be attributed to changes of chemical components, increased crystallinity structure, and the formation of oily films inside or over the bamboo surface. Therefore, tung oil heat treatment can be a highly promising technology for bamboo modification in the industry.
Yeast PAF1 complex counters the pol III accumulation and replication stress on the tRNA genes
Authors: Bhalla Pratibha , Shukla Ashutosh , Vernekar Dipti Vinayak , Arimbasseri Aneeshkumar Gopalakrishnan , Sandhu Kuljeet Singh , Bhargava Purnima
Published: September 2019

The RNA polymerase (pol) III transcribes mostly short, house-keeping genes, which produce stable, non-coding RNAs. The tRNAs genes, highly transcribed by pol III in vivo are known replication fork barriers. One of the transcription factors, the PAF1C (RNA polymerase II associated factor 1 complex) is reported to associate with pol I and pol II and influence their transcription. We found low level PAF1C occupancy on the yeast pol III-transcribed genes, which is not correlated with nucleosome positions, pol III occupancy and transcription. PAF1C interacts with the pol III transcription complex and causes pol III loss from the genes under replication stress. Genotoxin exposure causes pol III but not Paf1 loss from the genes. In comparison, Paf1 deletion leads to increased occupancy of pol III, γ-H2A and DNA pol2 in gene-specific manner. Paf1 restricts the accumulation of pol III by influencing the pol III pause on the genes, which reduces the pol III barrier to the replication fork progression.
Classification of aggressive and classic mantle cell lymphomas using synchrotron Fourier Transform Infrared microspectroscopy
Authors: Kolodziej Magdalena , Jesionek-Kupnicka Dorota , Braun Marcin , Atamaniuk Vitaliy , Sloniec Sylwia , Cebulski Jozef , Cholewa Marian , Kopczynski Janusz , Heraud Philip , Tobin Mark J. , Vongsvivut Jitraporn , Zawlik Izabela
Published: September 2019

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is regarded as an incurable neoplasm, even to the novel drug strategies. It is known MCL has two morphological variants- classic and aggressive. Aggressive MCL is characterized by a higher mitotic index and proliferation rate, and poor overall survival in comparison to classic subtype. The insight into the detailed biochemical composition of MCL is crucial in the further development of diagnostic and treatment guidelines for MCL patients; therefore Synchrotron radiation Fourier Transform Infrared (S-FTIR) microspectroscopy combined with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used. The major spectral differences were observed in proteins and nucleic acids content, revealing a classification scheme of classic and aggressive MCLs. The results obtained suggest that FTIR microspectroscopy has reflected the histopathological discrimination of both MCL subtypes.
Development and Validation of a Risk Scoring System for Cephamycin-Associated Hemorrhagic Events
Authors: Chien Tong-Ling , Hsiao Fei-Yuan , Chen Li-Ju , Wen Yu-Wen , Lin Shu-Wen
Published: September 2019

Cephamycin-associated hemorrhages have been reported since their launch. This research aimed to determine risk factors for cephamycin-associated hemorrhagic events and produce a risk scoring system using National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH) database. Patients who were older than 20 years old and consecutively used study antibiotics for more than 48 hours (epidode) at NTUH between January 1st, 2009 and December 31st, 2015 were included. The population was divided into two cohorts for evaluation of risk factors and validation of the scoring system. Multivariate logistic regression was used for the assessment of the adjusted association between factors and the outcome of interest. Results of the multivariate logistic regression were treated as the foundation to develop the risk scoring system. There were 46402 and 22681 episodes identified in 2009–2013 and 2014–2015 cohorts with 356 and 204 hemorrhagic events among respective cohorts. Use of cephamycins was associated with a higher risk for hemorrhagic outcomes (aOR 2.03, 95% CI 1.60–2.58). Other risk factors included chronic hepatic disease, at least 65 years old, prominent bleeding tendency, and bleeding history. A nine-score risk scoring system (AUROC = 0.8035, 95% CI 0.7794–0.8275; Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test p = 0.1044) was developed based on the identified risk factors, with higher scores indicating higher risk for bleeding. Use of cephamycins was associated with more hemorrhagic events compared with commonly used penicillins and cephalosporins. The established scoring system, CHABB, may help pharmacists identify high-risk patients and provide recommendations according to the predictive risk, and eventually enhance the overall quality of care.
Synthesis of calcium carbonate nanoparticles in erythrocytes enables efficient removal of extracellular lead ions
Authors: Ru Xiangli , Guo Yuming , Bai Zhengyu , Xie Xiaoxiao , Ma Xiaoming , Zhu Lin , Wang Kui , Wang Feifei , Yang Lin , Lu Jun
Published: September 2019

The “cyborg cells”, living cells with built-in nanoscaffolds, which could integrate the biological function of the cells with the functionality of nanomaterials, have been rarely explored. Here we report a method to construct “cyborg erythrocytes” through the in situ reaction of exogenous calcium and carbonate ions to generate calcium carbonate nanodots inside erythrocytes. The intracellular calcium carbonate nanodots combined with proteins are hidden under the membrane of erythrocytes, which can restrict migration and unexpected accumulation of nanodots in the body, improving the biosecurity of the nanodots. Most importantly, the calcium carbonate nanodots not only do not bring adverse effects on the nature of erythrocytes, but also endow erythrocytes with new properties. The in vitro and in vivo results show that the “cyborg erythrocytes” can remove 80% of lead ions in a blood poisoning model and reduce the lead level in the kidney and liver of mice through a precipitation transformation mechanism.
Plastics in Electronic Waste: Results from the PolyCE Project
Authors: Colley-Jones Rebecca , Accili Alessia , Campadello Luca , Emmerich Johanna
Published: September 2019

Electrical and electronic equipment contains a complex mix of metals, plastics and critical raw materials. Circular economy business models offer the opportunity to manage these materials more effectively. Adoption of a more circular approach can enhance resource management and material flows within global supply chains. Dematerialisation, harvesting of valuable components, materials and closed loop systems provide economic, social and environmental benefits to both industry and communities. This chapter summarises the research to date under the PolyCE funded project examining the opportunities and challenges in working towards this vision. Through collaboration with actors in the field, PolyCE aims to demonstrate the feasibility of a circular model for the plastics supply and value chain. The data was derived from a series of semi-structured interviews, questionnaires and literature reviews. At a European level, the treatment of more than 3 million tonnes of electronic waste by takeback schemes could make more than 717 000 tons of plastic available. With an estimated 9 million tonnes of electronic waste generated in Europe, a further 2 million tons of plastic could be made available for recycling. A number of technical and cost-related barriers need to be addressed before circular economy business models are more widely adopted by the sector.
Molecularly imprinted polymer functionalized reduced graphene oxide: a new platform for the detection of hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere
Authors: Huang Zhiling , Ying Pengchen , Huang Lihui , Xu Qin , Hu Xiao-Ya
Published: September 2019

A simple electrochemical method based on MIP/graphene has been developed and successfully applied for atmospheric ˙OH detection.
Coadministration of chemotherapy and PI3K/Akt pathway treatment with multistage acidity/CathB enzyme-responsive nanocarriers for inhibiting the metastasis of breast cancer
Authors: Zuo Tiantian , Li Jing , Zhang Jun , Sun Liang , Liang Xiao , Yang Jie , Shen Qi
Published: September 2019

An acidity /CathB procedurally responsive nanocarrier combines smart chemotherapy with PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitor to restrain the metastasis of breast cancer.
Accurate control of stoichiometry and doping in barium stannate perovskite oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Shepherd William , Wilms Michael , van Embden Joel , Della Gaspera Enrico
Published: September 2019

A reliable synthesis for pure and doped BaSnO3 nanoparticles is presented, solving current irreproducibility issues affecting this emerging transparent conducting oxide.
Facile synthesis of a hexanuclear zinc-acetato-trimethylsilylphosphinidene cluster: a single-source precursor to Zn3P2 nanoparticles
Authors: Lee Kyungseop , Huang Yining , Corrigan John F.
Published: September 2019

The synthesis of [Zn6(μ3-PSiMe3)4(OAc)4(NC5H5)5] is reported. The cluster serves as a convenient precursor to nanostructured Zn3P2.
Pt embedded in carbon rods of N-doped CMK-3 as a highly active and stable catalyst for catalytic hydrogenation reduction of bromate
Authors: Li Minghui , Hu Yuan , Fu Heyun , Qu Xiaolei , Xu Zhaoyi , Zheng Shourong
Published: September 2019

A novel Pt-based catalyst with fine and homogeneous Pt particles embedded in carbon rods of N-doped CMK-3 was fabricated by a two-step infiltration method using SBA-15 as the template.
Optimised oligonucleotide substrates to assay XPF-ERCC1 nuclease activity for the discovery of DNA repair inhibitors
Authors: Thomas Adam M. , Brolih Sanja , McGouran Joanna F. , El-Sagheer Afaf H. , Ptchelkine Denis , Jones Morgan , McDonald Neil Q. , McHugh Peter J. , Brown Tom
Published: September 2019

Fluorogenic DNA fork substrates have been designed for use in high-throughput discovery of potential anti-cancer drugs which inhibit DNA repair.
Switchable regioselection of C–H thiolation of indoles using different TMS counterions
Authors: Ji Yuan-Zhao , Li Hui-Jing , Zhang Jin-Yu , Wu Yan-Chao
Published: September 2019

Simply swapping the counteranions of TMS leads to a switchable regioselectivity in C2– and C3–H thiolation of indoles.
Rigidochromic conjugated polymers carrying main-chain molecular rotors
Authors: van der Scheer Pieter , van Zuijlen Quintin , Sprakel Joris
Published: September 2019

We design and prepare rigidochromic conjugated polymers that carry molecular rotors in the main chain. We show how a suitable design maintains the mechanosensitivity of the rotors upon incorporation into an extended π-conjugated system.
Synthesis of o-carborane-functionalized metal–organic frameworks through ligand exchanges for aggregation-induced emission in the solid state
Authors: Choi Sangdon , Lee Ha-Eun , Ryu Chan Hee , Lee Jooyeon , Lee Jihyun , Yoon Minyoung , Kim Youngjo , Park Myung Hwan , Lee Kang Mun , Kim Min
Published: September 2019

o-Carborane-functionalized MOFs were successfully prepared through ligand exchanges, and the PL were drastically shifted by AIE in the solid state.
Visible-light-initiated manganese-catalyzed Giese addition of unactivated alkyl iodides to electron-poor olefins
Authors: Dong Jianyang , Wang Xiaochen , Wang Zhen , Song Hongjian , Liu Yuxiu , Wang Qingmin
Published: September 2019

Visible-light-initiated Giese addition of unactivated alkyl iodides to electron-poor olefins with catalysis by decacarbonyl dimanganese, Mn2(CO)10 was reported.
Influence of organic cations on the stacking of semiquinone radical anions
Authors: Molčanov Krešimir , Milašinović Valentina , Ivić Nives , Stilinović Vladimir , Kolarić Dinko , Kojić-Prodić Biserka
Published: September 2019

A series of salts of tetrachloro- and tetrabromosemiquinone radical anions reveal four types of stacks: 1) pancake bonded dimers, 2) pancake-bonded trimers, 3) equidistant radicals and 4) a novel type of equidistant stacks of partially charged radicals.
Growth of GaAs nanowire–graphite nanoplatelet hybrid structures
Authors: Berdnikov Yury , Sibirev Nickolay V. , Khayrudinov Vladislav , Alaferdov Andrei , Moshkalev Stanislav , Ubyivovk Evgeny V. , Lipsanen Harri , Bouravleuv Alexei
Published: September 2019

The scenarios of MOVPE growth of planar and non-planar GaAs nanowires are controlled with graphite nanoplatelet substrates and catalyst placement.
Composition and morphology tuning during hydrothermal synthesis of SrxBa1−xNb2O6tetragonal tungsten bronzes studied byin situX-ray diffraction
Authors: Grendal Ola G. , Blichfeld Anders B. , Vu Tuong D. , van Beek Wouter , Selbach Sverre M. , Grande Tor , Einarsrud Mari-Ann
Published: September 2019

Advancedin situtechniques provide knowledge about crystal growth mechanisms of SrxBa1−xNb2O6facilitating the design of the microstructure and the determination of stoichiometry.
Dynamic nuclear polarization with photo-excited triplet electrons using 6,13-diphenylpentacene
Authors: Tateishi Kenichiro , Negoro Makoto , Nonaka Hiroshi , Kagawa Akinori , Sando Shinsuke , Wada Satoshi , Kitagawa Masahiro , Uesaka Tomohiro
Published: September 2019

The first demonstration of dynamic nuclear polarization with photo-excited triplet electrons using 6,13-diphenylpentacene.
Highly fluorescent hybrid Au/Ag nanoclusters stabilized with poly(ethylene glycol)- and zwitterion-modified thiolate ligands
Authors: Mishra Dinesh , Wang Sisi , Jin Zhicheng , Xin Yan , Lochner Eric , Mattoussi Hedi
Published: September 2019

We report the growth, via core transformation, of highly fluorescing, near-infrared-emitting bimetallic Au/Ag nanoclusters, which are capped with hydrophobic or hydrophilic monothiol-terminated ligands.
Insight into the hybrid luminescence showed by carbon dots and molecular fluorophores in solution
Authors: Sendão Ricardo M. S. , Crista Diana M. A. , Afonso Ana Carolina P. , Martínez de Yuso Maria del Valle , Algarra Manuel , Esteves da Silva Joaquim C. G. , Pinto da Silva Luís
Published: September 2019

Prior to further purification, carbon dots interact with the fluorescent impurities of their synthesis to produce hybrid luminescence.
Dendrite nucleation in lithium-conductive ceramics
Authors: Li Guanchen , Monroe Charles W.
Published: September 2019

A chemomechanical analysis suggests that bulk lithium plating in polycrystalline LLZO becomes energetically favourable above a critical current. This grain-coating mechanism rationalizes dendrite nucleation without making reference to surface cracks.
Dissociation dynamics in low energy electron attachment to ammonia using velocity slice imaging
Authors: Chakraborty Dipayan , Giri Aranya , Nandi Dhananjay
Published: September 2019

The proposed mechanism for experimentally observed fragmentation channels in dissociative electron attachment to the ammonia molecule at higher energy resonance.
Comprehensive understanding of intrinsic mobility in the monolayers of III–VI group 2D materials
Authors: Chen Jianhui , Tan Xiaolin , Lin Peng , Sa Baisheng , Zhou Jian , Zhang Yinggan , Wen Cuilian , Sun Zhimei
Published: September 2019

Monolayers of III–VI group two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted global interest for potential applications in electronic and photoelectric devices due to their attractive physical and chemical characteristics.
Enhanced adsorptive desulfurization by iso-structural amino bearing IRMOF-3 and IRMOF-3@Al2O3versus MOF-5 and MOF-5@Al2O3 revealing the predominant role of hydrogen bonding
Authors: Zuhra Zareen , Mu Cuncun , Tang Fang , Zhou Yunshan , Zhang Lijuan , Zhao Zipeng , Qin Libo
Published: September 2019

Desulfurization of oragnosulfur-containing fuels signify a great importance in improving the quality of fuel and is also beneficial to the environment.
Aggregation of Au(i)-complexes on amorphous substrates governed by aurophilicity
Authors: Gründlinger Petra , Györök Michael , Wolfmayr Sebastian , Breuer Tobias , Primetzhofer Daniel , Bruckner Barbara , Monkowius Uwe , Wagner Thorsten
Published: September 2019

2-Naphthylisonitrile–gold(i)-chloride can be evaporated without decomposition and form highly ordered thin films on substrate surfaces resembling the solid state structure.
Performance of vacuum UV (VUV) for the degradation of MC-LR, geosmin, and MIB from cyanobacteria-impacted waters
Authors: Visentin Flavia , Bhartia Siddharth , Mohseni Madjid , Dorner Sarah , Barbeau Benoit
Published: September 2019

Impact of VUV on different water contaminants and the high NOM of a cyanobacterial bloom.
Boronic acid-promoted site-selective Fischer esterifications of sugar alcohols
Authors: Manhas Sanjay , Lin Yu Chen , Wang Grace , Kyne Luke T. , Taylor Mark S.
Published: September 2019

Phenylboronic acid mediates selective monoesterifications of sugar alcohols by direct condensation with fatty acids, providing access to useful, bio-derived amphiphiles.
Upgrading of levulinic acid into diverse N-containing functional chemicals
Authors: Xue Zhimin , Yu Dongkun , Zhao Xinhui , Mu Tiancheng
Published: September 2019

This review provides a holistic overview for the upgrading of levulinic acid into various N-containing functional chemicals.
Hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant in biomass-to-chemical processes of industrial interest
Authors: Teong Siew Ping , Li Xiukai , Zhang Yugen
Published: September 2019

H2O2as a green and liquid alternative of gaseous oxygen creates new strategies for biomass conversion to chemicals.
High-throughput microfluidic micropipette aspiration device to probe time-scale dependent nuclear mechanics in intact cells
Authors: Davidson Patricia M. , Fedorchak Gregory R. , Mondésert-Deveraux Solenne , Bell Emily S. , Isermann Philipp , Aubry Denis , Allena Rachele , Lammerding Jan
Published: September 2019

We report the development, validation, and application of an easy-to-use microfluidic micropipette aspiration device and automated image analysis platform that enables high-throughput measurements of the viscoelastic properties of cell nuclei.
Size-dependent enrichment of leukocytes from undiluted whole blood using shear-induced diffusion
Authors: Zhou Jian , Papautsky Ian
Published: September 2019

This work demonstrates size-dependent lateral migration of cells in untreated whole blood flow under the effect of shear-induced diffusion. In-depth investigation with high-speed imaging offers insights on cell migration in whole blood.
Unique roles of iron and zinc binding to the yeast Fe–S cluster scaffold assembly protein “Isu1”
Authors: Lewis Brianne E. , Mason Zachary , Rodrigues Andria V. , Nuth Manunya , Dizin Eric , Cowan J. A. , Stemmler Timothy L.
Published: September 2019

Model for Zn association to the active site of yeast Fe–S cluster assembly scaffold protein Isu1.
Immobilization of quaternized polymers on bacterial cellulose by different grafting techniques
Authors: Ramar P. , Jana Sourita , Chatterjee Sandipan , Jaisankar Sellamuthu N. , Samanta Debasis
Published: September 2019

Different polymers were immobilized on bacterial cellulose surfaces using grafting techniques to improve their mechanical properties and surface hydrophobicity.
Quantification of noncovalent interactions – promises and problems
Authors: Schneider Hans-Jörg
Published: September 2019

Quantification of noncovalent interactions is the key for the understanding of binding mechanisms, of biological systems, for the design of drugs, their delivery and for the design of receptors for separations, sensors, actuators, or smart materials.
Reactivities of MeO-substituted PBN-type nitrones
Authors: Deletraz Anaïs , Zéamari Kamal , Di Meo Florent , Fabre Paul-Louis , Reybier Karine , Trouillas Patrick , Tuccio Béatrice , Durand Grégory
Published: September 2019

MeO-derivatives of phenyl nitrones were synthesized and their electrochemical and spin-trapping properties were studied.
Marine Proteobacteria as a source of natural products: advances in molecular tools and strategies
Authors: Buijs Yannick , Bech Pernille Kjersgaard , Vazquez-Albacete Dario , Bentzon-Tilia Mikkel , Sonnenschein Eva C. , Gram Lone , Zhang Sheng-Da
Published: September 2019

This review covers the recent advances in molecular tools and strategies for studies and use of natural products from marine Proteobacteria.
Identification of vibration modes in single-molecule junctions by strong inelastic signals in noise
Authors: Tewari Sumit , Sabater Carlos , van Ruitenbeek Jan
Published: September 2019

Inelastic electron noise spectroscopy technique combining a high-bias shot noise with vibration-induced two level fluctuations.
Mass production of nitrogen and oxygen codoped carbon nanotubes by a delicately-designed Pechini method for supercapacitors and electrocatalysis
Authors: Qi Shuai , Wang Dong , Li Weijian , Zhang Rui , Liu Feng , Zhang Junting , Liu Zhiyuan , Guo Yana , Wang Fagang , Wen Guangwu
Published: September 2019

A novel method is developed for massive production of N,O-codoped carbon nanotubes, which exhibit good performance in supercapacitors and electrocatalysis.
Photo- and dioxygen-enabled radical C(sp3)–N(sp2) cross-coupling between guanidines and perfluoroalkyl iodides
Authors: Liu Shulin , Wang Rui , Zhu Bo , Guan Wei , Liang Fushun
Published: September 2019

The utilization of visible light and dioxygen (air) as green and sustainable mediators in photocatalyzed synthetic chemistry is demonstrated.
Three-component difluoroalkylamination of alkenes mediated by photoredox and iron cooperative catalysis
Authors: Xu Rui , Cai Chun
Published: September 2019

A new three-component difluoroalkylamination of alkenes mediated by photoredox and iron cooperative catalysis has been developed with a broad substrate scope.
Terpene- and terpenoid-based polymeric resins for stereolithography 3D printing
Authors: Weems Andrew C. , Delle Chiaie Kayla R. , Worch Joshua C. , Stubbs Connor J. , Dove Andrew P.
Published: September 2019

Thiol–ene ‘click’ reactions between terpenes and a four-arm thiol were utilized to produced thermoset 3D printed structures using vat photopolymerisation.
A sequential native chemical ligation – thiol-Michael addition strategy for polymer–polymer ligation
Authors: Rajakanthan Alexander , Jongh Patrick A. J. M. de , Town James S. , Wilson Paul , Kempe Kristian
Published: September 2019

Native Chemical Ligation (NCL) between cysteine-terminated polymers and functional thioesters has been employed to prepare functional (co)polymers. The retained thiol functionality at the NCL junction can be exploited for thiol-Michael addition.
Synthesis of main chain sulfur-containing aliphatic polycarbonates by organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization of macrocyclic carbonates
Authors: Yan Bingkun , Hou Jiaqian , Wei Chao , Xiao Yan , Lang Meidong , Huang Farong
Published: September 2019

The first application of organocatalysts is reported to achieve highly active and living ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of thioether-based macrocyclic carbonates for preparing well-defined main chain thioether functional APCs.
Light as a reaction parameter – systematic wavelength screening in photochemical synthesis
Authors: Haas Christian P. , Roider Thomas , Hoffmann Reinhard W. , Tallarek Ulrich
Published: September 2019

Systematic wavelength screening with 16 LED arrays in a continuous-flow photoreactor revealed different reaction channels for the perfluoroalkylation of 2-methylindole, which were transferred into independent synthetic routes.
Unravelling the effects of oxidation state of interstitial iodine and oxygen passivation on charge trapping and recombination in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite: a time-domain ab initio study
Authors: He Jinlu , Fang Wei-Hai , Long Run
Published: September 2019

The oxidation state of interstitial iodine and oxygen passivation control the electron–hole recombination in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite.
Metal–organic conjugated microporous polymer containing a carbon dioxide reduction electrocatalyst
Authors: Smith Charlotte L. , Clowes Rob , Sprick Reiner Sebastian , Cooper Andrew I. , Cowan Alexander J.
Published: September 2019

A metal–organic conjugated micorporous polymer (CMP) containing a manganese carbonyl electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction has been synthesised and electrochemically characterised.
On the role of hydrodynamic interactions in the engineered-assembly of droplet ensembles
Authors: Danny Raj Masila , Gnanasekaran Abeynaya , Rengaswamy Raghunathan
Published: September 2019

To engineer the assembly of droplets, one must understand the ramifications of the hydrodynamics on the design and operation of channels.