bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kemampuan Literasi Matematika Siswa dalam Memecahkan Soal TIMMS Konten Aljabar Ditinjau dari Pengetahuan Metakognitif
Authors: Cahyani Laila Nur , Shodiq Lukman Jakfar , Agustin Devi Rahayu
Published: January 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan literasi matematika siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal TIMSS konten aljabar ditinjau dari pengetahuan deklaratif, prosedural, dan kondisional berdasarkan indikator kemampuan literasi matematika. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif untuk menggambarkan kemampuan literasi matematis siswa.  Sebanyak 9 siswa SMP kelas VIII-B Islam Kunir menjadi subjek dalam penelitian ini. Data dikoleksi menggunakan kuesioner pengetahuan metakognisi, tes kemampuan literasi matematika, serta lembar wawancara. Dihasilkan bahwa siswa dengan pengetahuan deklaratif dalam menyelesaikan soal TIMSS konten aljabar hanya mampu merumuskan masalah nyata dalam pemecahan masalah matematika. Siswa berpengetahuan prosedural dalam menyelesaikan soal TIMSS konten aljabar tergolong tidak mampu pada semua indikator. Pada siswa berpengetahuan kondisional dalam menyelesaikan soal TIMSS konten aljabar hanya mampu merumuskan masalah nyata dalam pemecahan masalah matematika. Siswa belum mampu menggunakan matematika, menafsirkan dan mengevaluasi solusi matematika.The study's objective was to ascertain the mathematical literacy abilities of the students in solving algebraic content TIMSS questions in terms of declarative, procedural, and conditional knowledge based on indicators of mathematical literacy ability. A qualitative descriptive method is used in the research to examine students' mathematical literacy skills. A total of 9 students of class VIII-B Islam Kunir became the subjects of this study. Data were collected using metacognition knowledge questionnaires, mathematical literacy ability tests, and interview sheets. It was found that students with declarative knowledge in solving TIMSS algebraic questions were only able to formulate real problems in solving mathematical problems. Students with procedural knowledge in solving TIMSS questions with algebraic content are classified as unable on all indicators. Students with conditional knowledge in solving TIMSS questions with algebraic content are only able to formulate real problems in solving mathematical problems. Students have not been able to use mathematics, interpret and evaluate mathematical solutions..
Pernikahan Tunggal Wuwung dalam Pandangan Hukum Islam
Authors: Achmad Faishol Bagus
Published: January 2023

Javanese society in particular at Karangsono’s Village look on tradition of tunggal wuwung marriage as jurisdictional which at abides (performed). There is another Javanese tradition besides prohbitions in tunggal wuwung marriage which is the day count terminological to Java custom before the marriage performing, since if that thing is unperformed, therefore, they believe that there will happen something bad luck. Islam has no prohibition on tunggal wuwung marriage but in the Islamic conjugal rights, it has been known base which so called the selection. This research based on the location of data source comprises field research category, and sighted from data character facets includes in qualitative researches, based on the data analysis included in descriptive research. Data collection utilizes observation, interview, and documentation. Data analysis was done from data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. To test the data validity was done by prolongation attendance, triangulation, colleague’s analysis and informan’s clarification. This observational result can be concluded that 1). Opinions from the society of Karangsono’s village which has two perceptions: the majority society believes about the prohibitions in tunggal wuwung are based on the fact of bad luck incidents suffered by the doers of tunggal wuwung marriage who are not obedient on the custom’s prohibitions. Second perception is the incredulous with the marks sense of prohibitions in tunggal wuwung marriage because on a strength basic religion and beliefs of God that faith, alive and death are God’s authority. 2) Even the practice of tunggal wuwung is performed by Islamic marriage but constant breach custom, on reality the doers will suffer some badluck. 3) Tunggal wuwung marriage which strongly kept and trusted by the society of Karangsono’s Village is clearly in conflict with Islamic way because doesn not exsist in Al-quran and also Al Sunnah. However, in fact, to one of society it is at nature faced by the doer who suffers badluck of parent’s accidentut. Further, Islam teaches that all coming accidents are God’s will. Hence, it all just a test for every human being to hold firmly on syari ’ at Islam.
Accumulation of microplastics in the bivalve mollusc Unio tumidus under experimental and field exposures
Authors:   Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Ukraine, Martyniuk V. V.
Published: January 2023

Background. An increased production and widespread use of plastics have made microplastic (MP) pollution a serious environmental problem. Most of MP found in the marine environment comes from rivers, however, the freshwater pollution by MP is less studied. Filter-feeding organisms, like bivalve molluscs, are the primary target orga­nisms for MP. Nevertheless, the studies of MP accumulation in the bivalves mainly focus on the marine species and depend on expensive equipment. The goal of this study was to detect the presence of MP in the body of freshwater bivalve mollusc Unio tumidus from a typical field site in Western Ukraine and under laboratory sub-chronic exposure to microplastic at a typical concentration for freshwater. Materials and Methods. For the study, we exposed molluscs to waterborne MP (0.1–0.5 mm) in the concentration of 1.0 mg L-1 corresponding to ~850 items L-1 for 14 days and analysed the concentration of MP in the soft tissues and water every two days. The molluscs and water from the field site, confirmed as polluted one, were also analysed. To estimate the number of MP particles, we used a modified method based on the cleavage of biological materials with potassium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide and microscopic analysis of MP after the staining with fluorescent Nile Red dye. Results. The MP concentration in the soft tissues of the specimens from the refe­rence site was 9.5 items per soft body and demonstrated a bell-shaped response curve throughout the 14-days exposure with maximum of 327.0 items per body on the 10th day and a negative correlation with the concentration of MP in the experimental tank that changed within the range of 590–790 items L-1. The level of MP in the field specimens from the polluted area was 76.5 items per body, and in the water, it was about 103 items L-1. The maximum MP abundance factor, calculated as CFi = Ci/C0 (utilising the value 9.5 as C0), was 83.18 and 8.05 for 10 days of exposure and field specimens, correspondingly. Conclusion. These data indicate the high accumulative ability of U. tumidus towards microplastics and draw attention to the utilizing of this species for the biomonitoring of microplastics pollution and depuration of surface waters from it.
ASSISTÊNCIA DE ENFERMAGEM À PESSOA COM ÚLCERA VENOSA: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Santos Lima Maria Karoline , Ventura Barbosa Marinho Hevillyn Cecília , José Arthur Guimarães dos Santos  , Kalyne Araújo Bezerra  , Kleyton Wesllen de Lima Ferreira  , Raissa Lima Coura Vasconcelos  , Fabíola Moreira Casimiro de Oliveira
Published: January 2023

Objetivo: Relatar a assistência de enfermagem ao paciente com úlcera venosa e o impacto na qualidade de vida do usuário. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo do tipo relato de caso com delineamento qualitativo, seguindo a lista de verificação da Case Report Guidelines (CARE) da EQUATOR Network. Resultados: No presente estudo foi possível observar a evolução cicatricial de uma úlcera venosa localizada no membro inferior direito, às avaliações periódicas sob registro fotográfico e adesão terapêutica adotada em cada etapa processual para melhor compreensão e avaliação integral do usuário. Conclusões: Assim, ao concluir o tratamento e acompanhamento com o usuário percebeu-se que, o mesmo apresentou melhora significativa da sua qualidade de vida, melhorando o seu convívio social e familiar, além de melhor percepção sob sua autoestima e autoimagem.

Palavras-chave: Relatos de casos; Úlcera venosa; Cicatrização de feridas; Assistência de Enfermagem
Torque ripple and mass minimization of a 20-MW direct drive offshore wind generator
Authors: Hoang Hoang Trung Kien , Nguyen Nguyen Thi Khanh Huyen
Published: January 2023

This article investigates the structural optimization of a 20-MW offshore wind generator to minimize the torque ripple and mass. The surface-mounted permanent magnet topology will be chosen for the generator. In addition, the double-layer armature winding configuration will be utilized. The direct-drive technology will be adopted to increase the reliability of the offshore wind energy conversion system. The multi-objective optimization of the generator is carried out based on the particle swarm algorithm. Results show that the torque ripple of the optimal model is significantly reduced to as much as 0.41% at full-load conditions making the configuration suitable for the high-power offshore wind generator.
The idiosyncratic momentum anomaly: A study of Vietnam stock market
Authors: Hoang Hoang Van Hai , Tran Tran Thi Tam Chau , Pham Pham Van Son
Published: January 2023

This paper examines the relationship between idiosyncratic momentum and future returns in the Vietnam stock market. This study utilizes the Vietnam Stock market from the DataStream database, containing listed and delisted stocks from July 2010 to June 2021. Based on the portfolio-level analysis and Fama-Macbeth regressions results, we find that there is a positive and significant relationship between idiosyncratic momentum and future returns. Moreover, these results are robust after controlling for several well-known variables, such as market beta, firm size, book-to-market, and momentum. We also find that the predicted power of idiosyncratic momentum cannot be explained by crash risk, however, idiosyncratic momentum is driven by market states.
The Slovenes and the government of E. Taaffe (1879–1893)
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kirilina Liubov
Published: January 2023

The article, based on the analysis of materials from the Slovenian press, memoirs of Slovenian politicians and research by Slovenian historians, traces the perception of the policy of E. Taaffe (1879–1893) by the Slovenian public and assesses the impact of his reforms on the socio-economic and national status of Slovenes. The Taaffe government, which replaced the German liberal governments who had conducted centralizing policies, carried out a series of reforms aimed at smoothing out social and national contradictions in Cisleithania. Most Slovenian politicians supported him and abandoned the most radical national demands. Thanks to Taaffe’s reforms, the national position of Slovenes improved: the Slovene language strengthened its position in schools, gymnasiums, courts and provincial authorities. Most bonuses received Carniola that in the early 1880s was recognized as a Slovenian province. It began a rapid process of Slovenianization. Liberals and conservatives during this period of “consent” mainly pursued a common policy, putting forward Slovenian demands in the Reichsrat and provincial assemblies. Some of them have been implemented. At the same time, the reforms caused a certain aggravation of national and political differences in the Slovenian lands. Their half-heartedness caused discontent among the Slovenian liberals (primarily among the group of radicals). In the second half of the 1880s, criticism of the government in the Slovenian liberal press increased. It should be noted that, in general, the policy of supporting Taaffe’s government, pursued by the majority of Slovenian national figures, was real and balanced, and as a result, Slovenes received quite a lot of national concessions during his reign.
Female names in the urban onomasticon of Slavic capitals (on the example of Moscow, Warsaw, and Sofia)
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Masalskaya Maria , Ostapchuk Oxana ,   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2023

This article examines the names of urban objects in Moscow, Warsaw, and Sofia dedicated to women, it also describes the main functions of such urbanonyms in the urban onomasticon. Under the analysis were 3 200 Moscow, 5 213 Warsaw, 2 662 Sofia hodonyms and agoronyms. Urbanonyms based on female names account for 5.1 % in Moscow, 4 % in Sofia, 15.2 % in Warsaw of the total number of all anthroponymic names. Despite some differences, the urbanonyms derived from the names and surnames of women in politics and ideology, as well as cultural, scientific and artistic figures are universal for the three Slavic capitals. The noticeable national orientation of urbanonyms derived from female names, in contrast to the commemorative ones related to masculine persons, is worth noting. In general, however, in Moscow, as well as in Warsaw and in Sofia there is a significant gender bias with regard to urbanonyms from the names and surnames of male personalities. The names and surnames of women are much less represented in the onomastic landscape of the city, which demonstrates the insufficient degree of recognition of their contribution.
V. N. Peretz as an academic advisor after moving to Petrograd and his students in Kiev
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Robinson Mikhail
Published: January 2023

In the article, based on the letters to V. N. Peretz, stored in his archive, the nature of his relationship with students is revealed. The intrigues of political ill-wishers did not allow Peretz to transfer part of the Kyiv students to Petrograd, where he was supposed to move after being elected to the Academy of Sciences. However, thanks to active correspondence with V. M. Otrokovsky and F. P. Sushitsky, he continued to be aware of their academic activities. Letters from students give an idea of how Peretz continued to direct their work, what he advised or criticized, how he helped organize through the Department of the Russian Language and Literature of the Academy of Sciences and the Member of the Academy A. A. Shakhmatov supply of academic literature and means for business trips. Letters from both students testify to how responsibly they treated the teacher’s assignments, which were mainly related to monitoring the publication in Kyiv of “Reports” on the scientific expeditions of the Seminary. Peretz was also interested in the pedagogical work of the students, especially since it was associated with the women’s gymnasium and the Higher Women’s Evening Courses of A. V. Zhekulina, where he himself taught and organized the release of two issues of the “Chronicle” informing about the activities of Courses. Both of his students died during the Civil War, before they could finish their main academic research. Peretz managed to publish the end of Sushitsky’s dissertation in Ukraine. The translation of Otrokovsky’s work into Ukrainian was not made, and its publication in Ukraine turned out to be impossible. The fate of his extensive work on the 17th century novel “About the merchant Basarga and his son Borzosmysl” remains unknown until now.
“The Middle Ages on Imperial service”: Czech, Hungarian and Polish historical images in works by Franz Grillparzer, 1825–1830
Authors:   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M. V. Lomonosov, Ragozin German
Published: January 2023

The paper deals with historical images of non-Germanic peoples living in the Austrian empire and presented in romanticist fiction. The author analyzed several narratives from the heritage of Franz Grillparzer, the Austrian writer and dramatist. He referred to images of Czech, Hungarian and Polish medieval and early modern history. The chosen dramas are “Fortune and Fall of the king Ottokar” and “A Faithful servant to his Lord”, and the novella “A monastery in Sandomir”. They had a significant role in forming the image of non-Germanic Habsburg realms medieval history for subjects of the Empire. Romanticism and medievalism dominating in the European and Austrian public opinion and politics have put an impact on perception of Czechs, Hungarians and Poles by the German community of Austria. Despite the fact, that medieval narratives got the attention from national movements, Grillparzer referred to them basing on the Austrian conservatism. In this way his works enforced the Habsburg myth and “organic constitution” for the state. The author came to a conclusion that images of Czech, Hungarian and Polish medieval and early modern history presented in works by Grillparzer have filled the gap in official historical memory. It became possible due to overweighting Austro-German and Habsburg emphasis in official discourse, what gave a certain ground for national movements and became a disadvantage for official historiography. Appeal to dynastic patriotism and legitimism has got a certain enforcement with reflections on disunity of Hungarian, Czech and Polish elites. According to the author, the mobilization of the elites was to illustrate the thesis and to promote the official version of the Habsburg empire history.
“He changed his orientation depending on the political situation.” Denikin intelligence about the General staff officers who served in the Ukrainian troops. 1919
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ganin Andrey
Published: January 2023

The material represents the first publication of White intelligence documents with the characteristics of General staff officers who served in the Ukrainian armies (headed by the Hetman, by Petliura, and by the Soviets) in 1918–1919. Of particular interest are the assessments of the political views of the officers. The published documents have been identified in the collections of the Russian State Military Archive.
A conceptual vocabulary of Serbian folk culture
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zheng Yangtong
Published: January 2023

The review presents the book by E. I. Yakushkina about Serbian folk culture and its relationships with the Serbian language. The monograph studies the dominant vocabulary relevant for understanding the traditional Serbian culture with its derivatives: the formation of meaning, semantics and semantic reconstruction of some Serbian lexemes and lexical groups which express Serbian cultural concepts.
PERANCANGAN ULANG TATA LETAK FASILITAS INDUSTRI YANG ADAPTIF PADA KONDISI PANDEMI COVID-19 (USAHA PELANGI FOOD KOTA BENGKULU)
Authors: Fatonah Alifah nurah , Zuki Meizul , Uker Damres
Published: January 2023

Banyak perusahaan kecil khususnya bergerak di bidang pengolahan hasil pertanian (Agroindustri) juga membutuhkan pengaturan tata letak fasilitas yang baik. Pelangi Food merupakan Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) makanan tradisional Bengkulu yang menyediakan berbagai jenis makanan khas Bengkulu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan keadaan layout awal sebelum masa pandemi Covid-19 di Pelangi Food, mendapatkan dan menerapkan rancangan ulang tata letak fasilitas pada masa pandemi Covid-19 menggunakan metode 5S sesuai tatanan Covid-19 di usaha kuliner Pelangi Food dan memberikan informasi mengenai keunggulan rancangan ulang tata letak fasilitas industri yang baru menggunakan metode 5S sesuai tatanan Covid-19. Metode yang digunakan untuk memperbaiki tata letak fasilitas yang ada dalam bentuk perancangan ulang pada penelitian ini yaitu Metode 5S dan tatanan Covid-19. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa; a) Tata letak fasilitas industri awal berada dalam kondisi kurang baik dan belum bisa memenuhi tingkat kebutuhan karyawan dan konsumen, b) Tata letak fasilitas usulan yang lebih baik dan memenuhi tingkat kebutuhan karyawan dan konsumen; perubahan pemanfaatan ruang penyimpanan yang baik dan tertata rapi serta tidak terjadi penumpukkan barang/produk, pengelompokkan alat produksi yang baik dan penataan ruangan yang rapi dan teratur, lingkungan kerja menjadi rapi, bersih, aman dan nyaman sehingga karyawan lebih bersemangat dalam bekerja dan konsumen menjadi lebih nyaman dalam berbelanja, c) Inovasi mampu memperbaiki lingkungan kerja yang semula berada dalam kondisi kurang baik dan belum memenuhi harapan karyawan/ konsumen menjadi lebih baik dan bisa memenuhi harapan karyawan dan konsumen.
Differential expression of CFAP20 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: January 2023

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of CFAP20, encoding cilia and flagella associated protein 20, in the skeletal muscle of patients with ALS. CFAP20 was also differentially expressed in primary lower motor neurons isolated from patients with ALS. CFAP20 transcript was present at significantly higher levels in ALS patient skeletal muscle as compared to control motor neurons. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
Sentiment Analysis on Social Media
Authors: Yadav Jyoti
Published: January 2023

In this advanced growing world, we can notice an enormous boost of user-generated data over various social media platforms and sentiment analysis. It has come across as dominant automation to get understanding from social media. Sentiment analysis is an analysis technique that studies people’s feelings and opinions and it has grown significantly over the years.The sentimental analysis serves as an offshoot of machine learning(ML), DataMining(DM), NLP, and computational linguistics, which also have components from sociology and psychology. Social media users are growing so fast that in 2019 there were up to 2.77 billion SM (social media) users all worldwide and in 2022 the number increased to 4.59 billion. In relation to this increase, the kind of information shared and uploaded in the structure of photos, audio, video, and text is massive
Newfound features associated with Hennekam Syndrome (Intestinal Lymphangiectasia-Lymphedema-Intellectual-Disability Syndrome) complicated with comorbid Waldmann’s disease resulting in celiac disease
Authors: Safari Vejin Tannaz , Zepeda Maria Elizabeth , Yglesias Benjamin , DeVito Peter
Published: January 2023

As far as we know, this is the 51st case of Hennekam Syndrome (HS) worldwide and the first one in an African American. Our patient met all diagnostic criteria for HS, type 2 (FAT4 mutation), as the disease onset was in adolescence.Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (Waldmann's disease, WD) is a consequence of HS, which ultimately results in protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) and worsening interstitial lymph buildup.4,5 Based on our findings, celiac disease (CD), a complication not yet reported in HS, may arise from WD. Other autoimmune diseases may be seen in HS: a previous report demonstrated positive anti-TSH antibodies in HS patients. We propose that in HS, increased interstitial lymph (WD, if intestinal) with protein loss induces TNF-α- and IL-6-mediated immune reactions in the affected visceral organs, causing autoimmune pathologies.The interstitial lymph fluid-induced TNF-α and IL-6-mediated immunopathogenic reactions lead to the destruction of the intestinal mucosa. The chronic inflammatory increase in TGF-β causes gastric mucosa hypertrophy, which results in gastric fold thickening. Eventually, wider tight junctions develop, increasing gastric mucosa permeability, which leads to gastropathy. Considering our patient’s history of gastroenteritis and the literature stating that CD is a non-mucosal cause of gastropathy and PLE, we suggest that sequelae of GI complications in HS occur in a cause-and-effect chain. HS results in WD, which causes CD, which in turn results in hypertrophic gastropathy and loss of parietal and chief cells, which eventually leads to malabsorption and PLE (Fig. 1).Other findings for HS included keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye disease), fibrous lymphedema exhibiting lymphorrhea, chylous ascites, anemia, and PTH abnormalities. Autoimmunity (CD) and WD are concomitant comorbidities of HS.HS mutations can be compound heterozygous, and there is a need to identify more nearby genes that can cause concomitant co-morbidity. FAT1 mutation has been associated with hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes. This is consistent with the present patient’s echocardiogram showing mild concentric left ventricular hypertrophy. The concomitant presence of pathologies that all involve FAT genes suggests gene mutations in proximity.
Differential expression of DDAH1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: January 2023

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of DDAH1, encoding dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1, in the skeletal muscle of patients with ALS. DDAH1 was also differentially expressed in fibroblasts isolated from patients with ALS. DDAH1 transcript was present at significantly higher levels in ALS patient skeletal muscle as compared to control skeletal muscle. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
Differential expression of TUG1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: January 2023

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines ALS using published microarray data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of TUG1, encoding taurine up-regulated 1, in the skeletal muscle of patients with ALS. TUG1 was also differentially expressed in primary motor neurons isolated from patients with ALS. TUG1 transcript was present at significantly higher levels in skeletal muscle from patients with ALS as compared to skeletal muscle from control individuals. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
Psychological distress during the coronavirus pandemic: A population-representative study
Authors: Rostin Paul , Zacharias Norman , Winterer Jeanne Marie , Beyer Moana , Barbig Paul , Walter Henrik , Nürnberg Peter , Nothnagel Michael , Winterer Georg
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic is major stressor for the general population. Little is known on the sociodemographic predictors of psychological distress during this crisis. Using the CoRonavIruSHealth Impact Survey (CRISIS), psychological distress (PD) was analyzed in a population-representative cohort of 29,986 participants across Germany comparing June 2020 with three months before the pandemic. Responses of participants demonstrated an overall stark increase of PD. PD was independently predicted by young age, female gender/motherhood, higher education and residency in West-Germany with highest risk in the two largest cities of the country. Findings are discussed in the context of stress burden and stress resilience.
Nic's Keto Diet: If you eat sugar you become fat. If you eat fat, you lose weight
Authors: Ola Aranuwa Felix
Published: January 2023

In practice, things aren’t quite as simpleas this. You have to eat the right kind of fat, in theright quantity, and at the right times. It also makesall the difference what else you are putting into yourbody. The quickest way to become enormous, forexample, is to consume high quantities of both fatand carbohydrate, as found in the worst, hardest-to-resist kind of donut. But the basic messageremains true. It isn’t fat that’s responsible for theepidemic of obesity sweeping the planet. It’s sugar!Intuitively, it sounds crazy to suggest that the wayto lose body fat is to eat more fat than you arealready doing. But remember, biology is not simplemathematics or physics. Our bodies break downwhat we eat and turn it into other things, includingenergy
Age-related differences in frontoparietal activation for target and distractor singletons during visual search
Authors: Merenstein Jenna Louise , Mullin Hollie A. , Madden David J.
Published: January 2023

Age-related decline in visual search performance has been associated with different patterns of activation in frontoparietal regions using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), but whether these age-related effects represent specific influences of target and distractor processing is unclear. Therefore, we acquired event-related fMRI data from 68 healthy, community- dwelling adults ages 18-78 years, during both conjunction (T/F target among rotated Ts and Fs) and feature (T/F target among Os) search. Some displays contained a color singleton that could correspond to either the target or a distractor. A diffusion decision analysis indicated age-related increases in sensorimotor response time across all task conditions, but an age-related decrease in the rate of evidence accumulation (drift rate) was specific to conjunction search. Moreover, the color singleton facilitated search performance when occurring as a target and disrupted performance when occurring as a distractor, but only during conjunction search, and these effects were independent of age. The fMRI data indicated that decreased search efficiency for conjunction relative to feature search was evident as widespread frontoparietal activation. Activation within the left insula mediated the age-related decrease in drift rate for conjunction search, whereas this relation in the FEF and parietal cortex was significant only for individuals younger than 30 or 44 years, respectively. Finally, distractor singletons were associated with significant parietal activation, whereas target singletons were associated with significant frontoparietal deactivation, and this latter effect increased with adult age. Age-related differences in frontoparietal activation therefore reflect both the overall efficiency of search and the enhancement from salient targets.
Natural Experiments: Missed Opportunities for Causal Inference in Psychology
Authors: Grosz Michael P. , Ayaita Adam , Arslan Ruben C. , Buecker Susanne , Ebert Tobias , Hünermund Paul , Müller Sandrine , Rieger Sven , Zapko-Willmes Alexandra , Rohrer Julia M.
Published: January 2023

Knowledge about causal effects is essential for building useful theories and designing effective interventions. The preferred design for learning about causal effects are randomized experiments (i.e., studies in which the researchers randomly assign units to treatment and control conditions). However, randomized experiments are often unethical or unfeasible. On the other hand, observational studies are usually feasible but lack the random assignment that renders randomized experiments causally informative. Natural experiments can sometimes offer unique opportunities for dealing with this dilemma, allowing causal inference on the basis of events that are not controlled by the researcher but that nevertheless establish random or as-if random assignment to treatment and control conditions. Yet, psychological researchers have rarely exploited natural experiments so far. To remedy this shortage, we describe three main types of studies exploiting natural experiments (standard natural experiments, instrumental variable designs, and regression discontinuity designs) and provide examples from psychology and economics to illustrate how natural experiments can be harnessed. Natural experiments are challenging to find, provide information about only specific causal effects, and involve assumptions that are difficult to validate empirically. Nevertheless, we argue that natural experiments provide valuable causal inference opportunities that have not yet been sufficiently exploited by psychologists.
Deciphering morbid curiosity: Psychological mechanisms underlying the voluntary viewing of negative images
Authors: Tamai Ryuichi , Shigemasu Hiroaki , Murayama Kou
Published: January 2023

The principle of hedonism assumes that people pursue pleasure and positive experiences; however, we often observe that people voluntarily seek negative experiences in various daily settings—sometimes interpreted as the manifestation of “morbid curiosity.” This study tested four hypotheses to appraise people’s voluntary viewing of negative images: novelty/curiosity, metacognitive miscalibration, emotional arousal, and optimal stimulation. We used a paradigm in which participants could choose whether to view a positively or negatively valenced image. The results revealed that the rate of choosing to view positive and negative images decreased when participants had already seen the images previously. This result supports the novelty/curiosity hypotheses. However, contrary to the metacognitive miscalibration, emotional arousal, and optimal stimulation hypotheses, participants overestimated their negative feelings prior to viewing negative images, individual differences in sensation-seeking did not predict people’s choice of viewing negative images, and emotional arousal did not have an inverted-U relationship with choice behavior. These findings indicate a potential mechanism underlying people’s behavior in voluntarily seeking negative information, although we still observe a large unexplained variance vis-à-vis participants’ voluntary choice of negative images.
Beyond Rating Scales: With Targeted Evaluation, Language Models are Poised for Psychological Assessment
Authors: Kjell Oscar Nils Erik , Kjell Katarina , Schwartz H. Andrew
Published: January 2023

In this narrative review, we survey recent empirical evaluations of AI-based language assessments and present a case for the technology of large language models to be poised for changing standardized psychological assessment. Artificial intelligence has been undergoing a purported “paradigm shift” initiated by new machine learning models, large language models (e.g., BERT, LAMMA, and that behind ChatGPT). These models have led to unprecedented accuracy over most computerized language processing tasks, from web searches to automatic machine translation and question answering, while their dialogue-based forms, like ChatGPT have captured the interest of over a million users. The success of the large language model is mostly attributed to its capability to numerically represent words in their context, long a weakness of previous attempts to automate psychological assessment from language. While potential applications for automated therapy are beginning to be studied on the heels of chatGPT’s success, here we present evidence that suggests, with thorough validation of targeted deployment scenarios, that AI’s newest technology can move mental health assessment away from rating scales and to instead use how people naturally communicate, in language.
Ejercicios de estabilización del core en lumbalgia en madres gestantes
Authors: Muyulema Moyolema Delia Rocío , Tello Mónica Cristina , Tello Mónica Cristina , Ocaña Mariela Carolina , Jurado Mayra Daniela
Published: January 2023

Introducción. La lumbalgia en el embarazo es una condición común, que afecta la salud materno-fetal, por su impacto sobre la calidad de vida de las gestantes, provocando una discapacidad funcional grave e interfiriendo en las actividades laborales, calidad del sueño y nivel de actividad física.

Objetivo. Determinar los efectos de un programa de ejercicios de estabilización del Core en la disminución del dolor lumbar en madres gestantes

Materiales y métodos. El estudio fue de tipo longitudinal, cuasiexperimental, en 20 participantes conectadas de manera remota a través de la plataforma zoom. Para determinar el plan de ejercicios se realizó una búsqueda y revisión sistemática de artículos científicos en diferentes bases de datos, seleccionaron 20 que fundamentaron la propuesta. Posteriormente se evaluaron antes y después de la intervención, con la escala numérica del dolor (NRS), para medir la intensidad del dolor; y la escala de Oswestry para identificar el nivel de discapacidad asociado al dolor lumbar, los datos obtenidas fueron tabulados y analizados estadísticamente utilizando el programa SPSS V22 de IBM.

Resultados: Se presentaron diferencias significativas tanto clínica como estadísticamente, en la intensidad del dolor pasaron de una intensidad de moderado a grave antes de la intervención a una intensidad leve luego de la intervención (0,000), y el nivel de discapacidad asociado de un nivel moderado – severo a un nivel de discapacidad leve (0,000);

Conclusión. Los ejercicios de fortalecimiento del Core son efectivos para disminuir el dolor lumbar en mujeres embarazadas.
Kinesioterapia en la prevención de trastornos funcionales de miembro superior post cirugía de cáncer de mama
Authors: Jurado Mogollón Mayra Daniela , Robalino Morales Gabriela Estefanía , Muyulema Moyolema Delia Del Rocío
Published: January 2023

Introducción. Los trastornos musculoesqueléticos de miembro superior en pacientes postquirúrgicas de cáncer de mama, son una de las complicaciones más frecuentes, llevando al desarrollo de limitaciones, disfunciones y hasta discapacidades, asociadas al dolor, debilidad y disminución del rango de movimiento de hombro, afectando su calidad de vida. Una intervención fisioterapéutica temprana puede reducir y prevenir estas condiciones.

Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad de los ejercicios kinesioterapéuticos en miembro superior para la prevención de trastornos funcionales posteriores a cirugía por cáncer de mama.

Material y métodos: La investigación fue de tipo cuantitativa, longitudinal, mediante la aplicación de un plan de ejercicios de 5 semanas, donde se evaluó antes y después de la intervención, la fuerza muscular (Escala de Oxford), la amplitud articular (Test Goniométrico) y la funcionalidad global (Test de Constant-Murley), a 22 mujeres de entre 18 a 60 años, previo consentimiento informado.

Resultados: Se observaron mejorías clínicas y estadísticamente significativas en la fuerza muscular de todos los grupos musculares  (P=0,000) pasando de un nivel 2 de movilidad en todo el arco articular sin gravedad, a nivel 3  de movilidad en todo el arco articular con gravedad; en la amplitud articular (P=0,000) mejoró el rango de desplazamiento de todos los movimientos de hombro, excepto en la aducción (P=1,000) y en la función global de hombro (P=0,000), pasando se obtuvo una mejoría  promedio pasando de una pobre de funcionalidad de 44,60 a un nivel medio de funcionalidad de 78,08.

Conclusiones: Los ejercicios kinesioterapéuticos en miembro superior son efectivos para la prevenir de trastornos funcionales posteriores a cirugía por cáncer de mama.
Efectividad de la ritmo terapia en las funciones cognitivas durante el aislamiento Covid-19
Authors: Bonilla Ayala Josselyn Gabriela , Zavala Calahorrano Alicia , Almeida Villegas Geovanna Cristina
Published: January 2023

Introducción: En el año 2020 la OMS lo reconoce como pandemia la presencia del virus SARS-Cov-2, las entidades gubernamentales adoptaron medidas de confinamiento para salvaguardar la salud de los adultos mayores (AM), el aislamiento social se relaciona con el deterioro de las funciones cognitivas, siendo necesario implementar la ritmo terapia (RT) para mejorar su estilo de vida.
Objetivo: Establecer la efectividad de la ritmo terapia en las funciones cognitivas de los adultos mayores durante el confinamiento por Covid-19.
Material y métodos: Se realizó una investigación con enfoque cuantitativo y cuasi-experimental, la intervención fue aprobada por el comité de bioética de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Participaron 20 adultos entre 65 años o más, quienes firmaron el consentimiento informado; se aplicó  12 sesiones de ritmo terapia de 45 minutos una vez por semana; evaluando el deterioro mediante el test de Minimental antes y después de la intervención. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el sistema informático SPSS versión 25.0 y se aplicó la prueba estadística de  Chi cuadrado y Wilcoxon.
Resultados: En la evaluación inicial presentaron los AM funciones cognitivas normales (30-27) con el 45%, el 25% con sospecha patológica (26-24), 25% deterioro (23-12) y solo el 5% demencia (9-11). Sin embargo en la post-intervención se observó efectos positivos en las funciones cognitivas  representando un 85% normal, el 10% sospecha patológica y el 5% deterioro.  Se observa que  la técnica de RT fue efectiva para el deterioro cognitivo en la  post intervención con una diferencia significativa del 5%, P=0.004.
Conclusión: La intervención mejoró las funciones cognitivas en la población adulta mayor, permitiéndoles un envejecimiento activo y saludable.
Efectos de la Pliometría para el Tratamiento Fisioterapéutico de Lesiones Deportivas de Rodilla
Authors: Álvarez Carrión Sonia Alexandra , Robayo Carmen Viteri , Vallejo Chinche Silvia del Pilar , Zurita Alvarez Eimy Carolina , Guamán Capito Cecilia Natividad
Published: January 2023

Introducción: Las lesiones de rodilla conllevan a disminución de la capacidad física del deportista, comprometido a realizar tratamiento fisioterapéutico con técnicas seguras e innovadoras, como un programa de ejercicios con tres distintos tipos de saltos en la última fase de la recuperación, realizado en 8 sesiones dos veces por semana.
Objetivo: Determinar los efectos de un programa de saltos en el tratamiento de pacientes con lesiones deportivas de rodilla.
Material y métodos: El tipo de investigación fue cuasiexperimental de enfoque cuantitativo por que se realiza un análisis de datos antes y después de aplicado a 20 participantes con el programa de Axon Jump 4.0, el estudio fue avalado previamente por el comité de ética.  Se tomó en cuenta criterios de inclusión como pacientes con voluntad expresa de ser parte del estudio, con disponibilidad de tiempo, mayores de edad. Y criterio de exclusión tales como pacientes que presenten enfermedades metabólicas y degenerativas osteoarticulares; postquirúrgicos de rodilla en etapa aguda, que no tengan continuidad en la investigación, con contraindicación médica, que presenten otras lesiones musculoesqueléticas que no sean objeto de estudio.
Los datos fueron procesados mediante el programa estadístico SPSS versión 21.0. Realizando pruebas de normalidad, considerando pruebas paramétricas cuando el valor es mayor a 0,05. Para evaluar los efectos de la intervención a través de los ejercicios pliométricos se realizó una prueba T student para muestras relacionadas; a través del cual también se prueba la hipótesis a un nivel de significancia del 5%, todo ello previo una prueba de normalidad usando ShapiroWilk.
Resultados: El salto de contra movimiento (Counter Movement Jump) tuvo una progresión de 20,49±6,05 (antes) a 22,47±7,2 (después), respecto al salto en cuclillas (Squat Jump) sus valores fueron similares con 23,48±7,1 (antes) a 25,35±7,79 (después), finalmente en el salto en caída se observaron valores de entre 21,8±8,5 (antes) a 24,5±7,2 (después) siendo el mayor incremento. 
Conclusión: el incremento de la elasticidad muscular, fuerza, y el nivel de saltos con el programa propuesto aumentó.
Palabras Clave: lesiones, pliometría, programa, entrenamiento, salto
Estimulación Basal en Adultos Mayores con Alteraciones de Equilibrio y Marcha
Authors: Carrasco Cajo Jesenia Elizabeth , Montero Guizado Jazmín Micaela , Valente Anilema Ivan Patricio
Published: January 2023

Introducción: Uno de los problemas que se suele encontrar en los adultos mayores es la dificultad para movilizarse; debido a afecciones en el equilibrio y la marcha. La estimulación basal es una alternativa para ayudar a este grupo poblacional.
Objetivo: Determinar los efectos de la estimulación basal en las alteraciones del equilibrio y marcha en adultos mayores.
Material y métodos: Se realizó una investigación cuasi experimental. Previo a la aprobación del comité de bioética, se trabajó con 26 adultos mayores que recibieron 36 intervenciones, divididas en tres sesiones por semana, con una duración de 20 minutos y con un protocolo de estimulación basal. Se realizó una valoración a través de una encuesta y escala de Tinetti antes y después de la intervención. Se aplicó una estadística descriptiva e inferencial para análisis de los resultados.
Resultados: En la evaluación final se mostró que, de 26 pacientes, el 65% mantuvieron problemas con el equilibrio y el 34 % sin problemas. Al evaluar la marcha, el 69.2% presentaron problemas en la marcha y el 30% no presentan dificultad. El 61% mantuvieron riesgo alto de caídas, el 23.1% riesgo de caída promedio, y el 3.8% con bajo riesgo de caída. Se muestra que a un nivel de significancia del 5% se obtuvo Px = 0. 011 lo que significa que la hipótesis nula se rechaza, por tanto, la estimulación basal tiene efectos beneficiosos en estas afecciones.
Conclusión: La estimulación basal ayuda en problemas de marcha, equilibrio y a disminuir el riesgo de caídas en esta población.
Actividad física relacionada al desarrollo óptimo de las funciones cognitivas del adulto mayor
Authors: Rivera Quinatoa Jessica Alexandra , Robalino Morales Gabriela , Jimenez Denis
Published: January 2023

Introducción: La actividad física está íntimamente relacionada con las funciones cognitivas, su práctica permite enfrentar varias enfermedades que están ligadas a la edad y sobre todo preserva el estilo de vida del adulto mayor.
Objetivo: Establecer la efectividad de la actividad física regular para mejorar el desarrollo óptimo de las funciones cognitivas del adulto mayor.
Materiales y Método: Se realizó una investigación cuasi experimental de corte trasversal, que involucró a 20 participantes adultos mayores hombres y mujeres con deterioro cognitivo, quienes firmaron el consentimiento informado, pasando por el comité de bioética. Se realizó una valoración inicial y final a través del Mini-mental test para valorar el estado cognitivo de los sujetos, además, se aplicó una rutina de ejercicios físicos adaptados a la población durante 12 sesiones de 45 minutos, para evidenciar los efectos que surgen sobre las funciones cognitivas. El análisis de resultados se lo hizo a través de una estadística descriptiva e inferencial.
Resultados: En las evaluaciones realizadas al inicio de la investigación a través del Mini-mental test se identificó que el 100% de los participantes presentaron deterioro cognitivo leve (12-23), sin embargo, luego de la intervención realizada con una rutina de ejercicios físicos se evidenció que el 85% presentó deterioro cognitivo leve, el 10% presentó sospecha patológica (24-26) y un 5% normalidad (27-30). Para la comprobación de la hipótesis se trabajó con un nivel de confiabilidad de un 95%, siendo significativo, puesto que P< 0.05, P=0.00
Conclusiones: La actividad física ofrece grandes beneficios en el desarrollo óptimo de las funciones cognitivas del adulto mayor.