bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bone Marrow Transplantation Alters the Tremor Phenotype in the Murine Model of Globoid-Cell Leukodystrophy
Authors: Reddy Adarsh S. , Wozniak David F. , Farber Nuri B. , Dearborn Joshua T. , Fowler Stephen C. , Sands Mark S.
Published: January 2012

Tremor is a prominent phenotype of the twitcher mouse, an authentic genetic model of Globoid-Cell Leukodystrophy (GLD, Krabbe’s disease). In the current study, the tremor was quantified using a force-plate actometer designed to accommodate low-weight mice. The actometer records the force oscillations caused by a mouse’s movements, and the rhythmic structure of the force variations can be revealed. Results showed that twitcher mice had significantly increased power across a broad band of higher frequencies compared to wildtype mice. Bone marrow transplantation (BMT), the only available therapy for GLD, worsened the tremor in the twitcher mice and induced a measureable alteration of movement phenotype in the wildtype mice. These data highlight the damaging effects of conditioning radiation and BMT in the neonatal period. The behavioral methodology used herein provides a quantitative approach for assessing the efficacy of potential therapeutic interventions for Krabbe’s disease.
De l’expérimentation multimédia à l’analyse
Authors: Cazade Alain
Published: January 2012

La recherche sur les « parcours apprenants » à l’aide d’outils électroniques est encore jeune. Pourtant, avec les développements actuels de l’enseignement des langues appuyé sur le multimédia, avec l’évolution des outils et des matériels dans ce secteur, de plus en plus accessibles et/ou adaptables aux besoins tant sur le plan de la recherche que sur celui de la pédagogie, elle ne peut que se révéler très prometteuse à maints égards. Malgré ce que d’aucuns seraient tentés de croire, la difficulté la plus sérieuse n’est pas liée à la maîtrise de ces outils, mais bien plutôt au choix des données que l’on souhaite analyser, à la mise au point de protocoles d’expérimentation productifs et fiables et donc à la réflexion sur ce que peut être un parcours apprenant.
La maille et le nœud : apprendre en réseau
Authors: Rézeau Joseph
Published: January 2012

Le thème proposé à la réflexion des congressistes du GERAS en mars 1999, « Les réseaux », a été pour nous l’occasion de parcourir divers aspects de la métaphore réticulaire dans la perspective de notre travail de didacticien des langues. Nous évoquons le réseau comme filet permettant de retenir l’apprenant puis permettant à celui-ci de retenir le savoir ; puis le réseau comme support de l’information et du savoir, avec en particulier les réseaux sémantiques.
Emerging Technologies for Interactive Learning in the ICT Age
Authors: Luo Heng , Lei Jing
Published: January 2012

Based on the review of educational technology research, this chapter describes and discusses how emerging technologies are integrated into the teaching and learning process to facilitate the learner-content, learner-learner, learner-instructor, and learner-interface interactions, as well as the new opportunities and challenges brought by them. Technologies discussed in this chapter are categorized into four types based on their distinct interactive features. Guidelines for applying them to facilitate interactive learning are proposed at the end of the chapter, based on the case studies of four interactive learning systems selected from the literature.
Learning in the Primary School Classroom using the Interactive Whiteboard
Authors: Maher Damian
Published: January 2012

The Interactive Whiteboard (IWB) is a recent innovation and with it has come a renewed discussion of the nature of interactions in the primary school classroom. In this chapter the interactive affordances of the IWB, where users can physically manipulate two-dimensional objects on the board, are discussed. In focusing on this aspect, the types of resources used via the board are examined as are the multimodal features. In considering the nature of interactions between participants whilst using the IWB, interactions between teachers and students and between students and students are discussed. There is a focus on the ability for the IWB to support dialogic interactions in a more student-centered classroom. In examining interactions through the IWB, the way boards can be used to connect students to content, such as Web sites, is explored. In focusing on interactions with other participants the use of video conferencing is discussed.
Systems and Enablers
Authors: Ostwald Michael J.
Published: January 2012

This chapter presents a conceptual model of the architectural design process, spanning from ideation to realization, but not focused on stages in the process. Instead, the model identifies four primary meta-systems in design (representational, proportional, indexical, and operational) that are connected through, and supported by, a range of enabling tools and technologies. The purpose of developing this model is to support a heightened understanding of the parallel evolution of the design process and of enabling technologies. Thereafter, the chapter introduces seven recent trends in computational design and technology, each of which serves to enable the design process. The seven developments are: Building Information Modeling (BIM), parametric design, generative design, collaborative design, digital fabrication, augmented reality, and intelligent environments. The chapter offers a critical review of proposed definitions of each of these technologies along with a discussion of their role as a catalyst for change in the design process.
Designing Usable Speech Input for Virtual Environments
Authors: Stedmon Alex
Published: January 2012

Speech is the primary mode of communication between humans, and something most people are able to use on a daily basis in order to interact with other people (Stedmon & Baber, 1999). For over 70 years the potential to interact with machines using speech input has been possible (Ullman, 1987), however it still remains an elusive concept without widespread use or acceptance.
Ontology-Driven Creation of Contents
Authors: Badie Kambiz , Kharrat Mahmood , Mahmoudi Maryam Tayefeh , Mirian Maryam S. , Ghazi Tahereh M. , Babazadeh Sogol
Published: January 2012

In this chapter, a framework is discussed for creating contents to help significant organizational tasks such as planning, research, innovation, education, development, et cetera be achieved in an efficient way. The proposed framework is based on an interplay between the ontologies of the key segments and the problem context using the linguistically significant notions for each key segment. Once a certain organizational task is faced these notions are adjusted to create a new content filling the new situation. In the chapter, an agent-based architecture is discussed to show how human interaction with his/her surrounding organization can be realized through using this framework.
Homing and Adhesion Patterns Determine the Cellular Composition of the Bone Marrow Plasma Cell Niche
Authors: Belnoue Elodie , Tougne Chantal , Rochat Anne-Françoise , Lambert Paul-Henri , Pinschewer Daniel D. , Siegrist Claire-Anne
Published: January 2012

According to commonly held concepts, plasma cell (PC) longevity in bone marrow (BM) depends upon their access to survival niches. These are thought to exist in nursery cell types, which support PCs by secreting PC survival factors. To better define PC survival niches and their functioning, we adoptively transferred traceable Blimp-1-GFP PCs into recipient mice lacking a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), IL-6, or macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Transferred BMPCs were preferentially associated with Ly-6Chigh monocytes (normalized colocalization index: 9.84), eosinophils (4.29), and megakaryocytes (2.12). Although APRIL was essential for BMPC survival, PC recruitment into the proximity of nursery cells was unimpaired in APRIL-deficient mice, questioning the concept that the same factors account for attraction/retention of PCs as for their local survival. Rather, the order of colocalization with BMPCs (monocytes > eosinophils > megakaryocytes) reflected these cells’ relative expression of CXCR4, VLA-4, and LFA-1, the homing and adhesion molecules that direct/retain PCs in the BM. This suggests a scenario wherein the cellular composition of the BMPC niche is defined by a common pattern of attraction/retention on CXCL12-abundant reticular docking cells. Thereby, PCs are directed to associate in a functional BM niche with hematopoietic CXCR4+VLA-4+LFA-1+ nursery cells, which provide PC survival factors.
The Influence of Hand Use on Dressing Outcome in Cognitively Impaired Stroke Survivors
Authors: Fletcher-Smith Joanna , Walker Marion F , Drummond Avril
Published: January 2012

Introduction:

The daily task of dressing oneself requires multiple complex skills, which are often taken for granted by those free from ill-health or disability. Independence in dressing allows an individual to maintain a sense of dignity and choice over his or her appearance. Occupational therapy aims to restore independent functional performance in daily activities. Dressing independence requires both physical and cognitive skills. For survivors of stroke, impairment of such skills can pose great difficulty to their dressing performance.

Method:

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of arm paresis and cognitive impairment on upper body dressing ability using a cognitively impaired cohort of stroke participants (n = 70), and to explore the importance of bimanual activity when dressing in the presence of cognitive impairment. Dressing ability was assessed at baseline and immediately following a 6-week period of dressing practice with an occupational therapist.

Results:

Thirty-six participants were able to use a bimanual dressing method at baseline. The chi-square test for independence indicated a strong association between dressing method (bimanual or unimanual) and independence in upper body dressing, p<0.001. The dressing success of the bimanual group was significantly greater than that of the unimanual group at both assessment time points.

Conclusion:

Cognitively impaired stroke survivors do perform better at upper body dressing when they are able to use both hands as compared with one, but those with arm paresis preventing bimanual activity may still improve their dressing performance significantly with practice.
Lead, Arsenic, and Cadmium Contamination and Its Impact on Children's Health in La Oroya, Peru
Authors: Reuer Matthew K. , Bower Nathan W. , Koball Jed H. , Hinostroza Esther , De la Torre Marcas María Erlinda , Surichaqui Jaime Alberto Hurtado , Echevarria Sherly
Published: January 2012

The large scale of nonferrous metal smelting has created a chronic public health issue in La Oroya, Perú. In this reconnaissance study, the distributions of lead, arsenic, and cadmium in drinking water, indoor dust, and soil were measured at five sites to estimate their impact on children's health. As expected, median soil metal levels dropped exponentially with distance from the smelting complex (3,177 ppm Pb, 1,658 ppm As, and 127 ppm Cd at La Oroya Antigua). Indoor dust metal concentrations were also elevated at La Oroya Antigua (2,574 ppm Pb, 1,071 ppm As, 28 ppm Cd), and drinking water As values were elevated relative to Pb and Cd (8.5 ppb As, 0.28 ppb Pb, and 0.05 ppb Cd), suggesting selective loss of Pb and Cd relative to As. Exposure and dose-response modeling (IEUBK) indicate soil Pb and As are serious health problems in need of remediation.
Reticulated Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Schiros Theanne , Mannsfeld Stefan , Chiu Chien‐yang , Yager Kevin G. , Ciston James , Gorodetsky Alon A. , Palma Matteo , Bullard Zac , Kramer Theodore , Delongchamp Dean , Fischer Daniel , Kymissis Ioannis , Toney Michael F. , Nuckolls Colin
Published: January 2012

This paper shows how the self‐assembled interlocking of two nanostructured materials can lead to increased photovoltaic performance. A detailed picture of the reticulated 6‐DBTTC/C60 organic photovoltaic (OPV) heterojunction, which produces devices approaching the theoretical maximum for these materials, is presented from near edge X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAFS), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Grazing Incidence X‐ray diffraction (GIXD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The complementary suite of techniques shows how self‐assembly can be exploited to engineer the interface and morphology between the cables of donor (6‐DBTTC) material and a polycrystalline acceptor (C60) to create an interpenetrating network of pure phases expected to be optimal for OPV device design. Moreover, we find that there is also a structural and electronic interaction between the two materials at the molecular interface. The data show how molecular self‐assembly can facilitate 3‐D nanostructured photovoltaic cells that are made with the simplicity and control of bilayer device fabrication. The significant improvement in photovoltaic performance of the reticulated heterojunction over the flat analog highlights the potential of these strategies to improve the efficiency of organic solar cells.
Pinacol as a New Green Reducing Agent: Molybdenum‐ Catalyzed Chemoselective Reduction of Sulfoxides and Nitroaromatics
Authors: García Nuria , García‐García Patricia , Fernández‐Rodríguez Manuel A. , Rubio Rubén , Pedrosa María R. , Arnáiz Francisco J. , Sanz Roberto
Published: January 2012

Pinacol is disclosed as a new chemoselective and environmentally benign reducing agent for sulfoxides and nitroaromatics assisted by readily available dichlorodioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes as catalysts. A wide range of substrates including those bearing challenging functional groups has been efficiently and selectively reduced with acetone and water being the only by‐products of these reactions.
Incidence of thromboembolic complications in patients with atrial fibrillation or mechanical heart valves with a subtherapeutic international normalized ratio: A prospective multicenter cohort study
Authors: Dentali Francesco , Pignatelli Pasquale , Malato Alessandra , Poli Daniela , Di Minno Matteo Nicola Dario , Di Gennaro Leonardo , Rancan Elena , Pastori Daniele , Grifoni Elena , Squizzato Alessandro , Siragusa Sergio , Minno Giovanni di , Ageno Walter
Published: January 2012

Subtherapeutic international normalized ratio (INR) is frequently encountered in clinical practice, and patients with high‐risk atrial fibrillation (AF) and with mechanical heart valve (MHV) with inadequate anticoagulation may be exposed to an increased risk of thromboembolic events (TE). However, there are no prospective data evaluating this risk. Consecutive patients with a history of stable anticoagulation, but with a subtherapeutic INR, were prospectively included. Data on use and dose of low‐molecular weight heparin (LMWH) bridging therapy were collected. The incidence of objectively confirmed TE and of major bleeding events within 90 days after the index INR was assessed. Five hundred and one patients with INR value 0.5–1 INR units below the lower limit of the patient‐specific target INR were included in the study (280 with MHV and 221 with AF and CHADS2 score ≥3). LMWH was prescribed for 64 patients (12.8%). During follow‐up, seven patients had a TE (1.40%; 95% confidence interval 0.68, 2.86%; 5.58 events for 100 patients year). All the events occurred within 14 days after the index INR. When we consider only patients who did not receive bridging therapy, the incidence of TE was 1.14% (5 of 437 patients; 95% confidence interval 0.49, 2.64%; 4.58 events for 100 patients year). There were no major bleeding events. The risk of TE in this population was not negligible. Given the frequent observation of subtherapeutic INR levels when monitoring vitamin K antagonists, this finding warrants additional investigation to improve the management of these patients. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Two new mutations in the HIF2A gene associated with erythrocytosis
Authors: Percy Melanie J. , Chung Yu Jin , Harrison Claire , Mercieca Jane , Hoffbrand A. Victor , Dinardo Carla L. , Santos Paulo C.J.L. , Fonseca Guilherme H.H. , Gualandro Sandra F.M. , Pereira Alexandre C. , Lappin Terence R.J. , McMullin Mary Frances , Lee Frank S.
Published: January 2012

Congenital or familial erythrocytosis/polycythemia can have many causes, and an emerging cause is genetic disruption of the oxygen‐sensing pathway that regulates the Erythropoietin (EPO) gene. More specifically, recent studies have identified erythrocytosis‐associated mutations in the HIF2A gene, which encodes for Hypoxia Inducible Factor‐2α (HIF‐2α), as well as in two genes that encode for proteins that regulate it, Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain protein 2 (PHD2) and the von Hippel Lindau tumor suppressor protein (VHL). We report here the identification of two new heterozygous HIF2A missense mutations, M535T, and F540L, both associated with erythrocytosis. Met‐535 has previously been identified as a residue mutated in other patients with erythrocytosis; although, the mutation of this particular residue to Thr has not been reported. In contrast, Phe‐540 has not been reported as a residue mutated in erythrocytosis, and we present evidence here that this mutation impairs interaction of HIF‐2α with both VHL and PHD2. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Approaches to investigating common bleeding disorders: An evaluation of North American coagulation laboratory practices
Authors: Hayward Catherine P.M. , Moffat Karen A. , Plumhoff Elizabeth , Van Cott Elizabeth M.
Published: January 2012

Bleeding disorders commonly result from deficiencies or defects in von Willebrand factor (VWF), platelets, coagulation factors, or fibrinolytic proteins. The primary goal of our study was to assess current North American coagulation laboratory practices for diagnosing bleeding disorders, using an on‐line patterns‐of‐practice survey of diagnostic laboratory members of the North American Specialized Coagulation Laboratory Association. The survey examined laboratory approaches to evaluating bleeding disorders, with specific questions about the tests and test panels offered and compliance to recent guideline recommendations on diagnosing von Willebrand disease (VWD) and platelet function disorders. All laboratories responding to the survey performed a prothrombin time/international normalized ratio, an activated partial thromboplastin time, and coagulation factor assays, and many tested for VWD and platelet disorders. However, few laboratories had test panels that evaluated the more common bleeding disorders and few performed some assays, including VWF multimer assessments and assays for fibrinolytic disorders. Additionally, the cutoffs used by laboratories to diagnose type 1 VWD varied considerably, with only a minority following the National Heart Lung Blood Institute recommendations. In contrast, laboratories that tested for platelet function disorders mostly complied with aggregation testing recommendations, as published in the recent North American guidelines. Our results indicate that there are some gaps in the strategies used by laboratories to diagnose bleeding disorders that might be addressed by development of further guidelines and test algorithms that emphasize evaluations for common bleeding disorders. Laboratories may also benefit from guidelines on test interpretation, and external evaluation of their bleeding disorder testing strategies. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
What's NOT to eat—food adulteration in the context of human biology
Authors: Schell Lawrence M. , Gallo Mia V. , Cook Katsi
Published: January 2012

Food has nutritional and non‐nutritional components. The latter are not well‐studied despite the fact that food adulteration has been common. Food adulteration may have reached its peak in cities of Western Europe and the US in the 18th and 19th centuries when foods were often purposely contaminated with additives to increase bulk, attractiveness, disguise spoilage, and increase profit. Effective regulation of food began in the late 19th and 20th centuries. Nevertheless, today food recalls for bacterial contamination are common, while pesticides and compounds from manufacturing are detected in many foods. Foods with strong reputations for healthiness, such as salmon, may have sizable contaminant contents. The contaminant content of many foods varies by origin and season. Nearly all commercially raised salmon has higher contaminant levels than wild caught salmon. Opting out of the commercial food distribution system is an option, but the value depends on the habitat in which the food is obtained. Traditionally, the Akwesasne Mohawk Nation has depended on local fish and wildlife for their diet. Now pollution of local waterways has led to the contamination of many local foods, and levels of the contaminant polychlorinated biphenyls in the Akwesasne Mohawk people reflect current or past dietary patterns. Many other communities in nonurban settings are exposed to contaminants through long‐trail distribution of contaminants in food, air, and/or water. Human biologists considering nutrition, disease, growth, reproduction, aging, to name a few areas, may consider the non‐nutritional components of food as many have the ability to alter physiological functioning. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electrical Resistivity Surveying and Pseudo‐Three‐Dimensional Tomographic Imaging at Sitio Drago, Bocas del Toro, Panama
Authors: Wake Thomas A. , Mojica Alexis O. , Davis Michael H. , Campbell Christina J. , Mendizabal Tomas
Published: January 2012

Results of electrical resistivity surveying and pseudo‐three‐dimensional tomographic imaging at the 15 ha Pre‐Hispanic archaeological site of Sitio Drago, Isla Colon, Bocas del Toro province, Panama are presented. The site was occupied between ad 690–1410 and represents the largest known nucleated settlement in the province. A low mound in the centre of the site was selected for intensive electrical surveying in order to locate buried archaeological features. A series of surveys were conducted, including electrical resistivity mapping and pseudo‐three‐dimensional tomographic imaging. The results revealed a group of resistivity anomalies associated with buried archaeological features. Based on these results, archaeological excavations were targeted that uncovered a cluster of coral slab structures, each containing human remains. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of coronary stent deployment using computer enhanced x‐ray images‐validation against intravascular ultrasound and best practice recommendations
Authors: Davies Andrew G. , Conway Dwayne , Reid Scott , Cowen Arnold R. , Sivananthan Mohan
Published: January 2012

Objective: To investigate the accuracy of stent measurements using coronary x‐ray angiograms with a computer based stent enhancement algorithm applied (StentBoost, SB). To derive recommendations for best practice when using such systems. Background: Computer enhancement algorithms allow better visualization of intracoronary stents to assist in ensuring adequate stent deployment. Factors that affect the accuracy of measurements taken on such systems are yet to be fully understood. Methods: We analysed stent deployment of 43 stents in 33 patients measuring minimum stent diameter and cross sectional area (CSA) using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), SB enhanced x‐ray images, and quantitative coronary angiography (QCA). We investigated if the use of two projections and method of calibration influenced correlation between IVUS and SB measurements. Results: Using two views and performing calibration via the guide catheter improved agreement between SB and IVUS measurements. For example, minimum stent diameter assessed with SB using one view and balloon markers for calibration produced a correlation coefficient, r, of 0.21, whereas using two views and the guide catheter for calibration increased agreement to r = 0.62. Relative measures of stent deployment, such as the ratio of minimum to maximum CSA, produced good correlation between IVUS and SB (r = 0.74). Conclusions: When using the SB system, two projection angles should be used to image the stent. For absolute measurements, the guide catheter should be used for calibration purposes. Relative measures of stent size, which are probably sufficient for assessment of deployment, also give good agreement with similar measures on IVUS, and require no calibration. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation and Characterization of Composites that Contain Small Carbon Nano‐Onions and Conducting Polyaniline
Authors: Plonska‐Brzezinska Marta E. , Mazurczyk Julita , Palys Barbara , Breczko Joanna , Lapinski Andrzej , Dubis Alina T. , Echegoyen Luis
Published: January 2012

Small multilayer fullerenes, also known as carbon nano‐onions (CNOs; 5–6 nm in diameter, 6–8 shells), show higher reactivity than other larger carbon nanostructures. Here we report the first example of an in situ polymerization of aniline on phenyleneamine‐terminated CNO surfaces. The green, protonated, conducting emeraldine polyaniline (PANI) was directly synthesized on the surface of the CNO. The functionalized and soluble CNO/PANI composites were characterized by TEM, SEM, DSC, Raman, and infrared spectroscopy. The electrochemical properties of the conducting CNO/PANI films were also investigated. In comparison with pristine CNOs, functionalized carbon nanostructures show dramatically improved solubility in protic solvents, thus enabling their easy processing for coatings, nanocomposites, and biomedical applications.
Isothiourea‐Mediated Asymmetric O‐ to C‐Carboxyl Transfer of Oxazolyl Carbonates: Structure–Selectivity Profiles and Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Joannesse Caroline , Johnston Craig P. , Morrill Louis C. , Woods Philip A. , Kieffer Madeleine , Nigst Tobias A. , Mayr Herbert , Lebl Tomas , Philp Douglas , Bragg Ryan A. , Smith Andrew D.
Published: January 2012

The structural motif within a series of tetrahydropyrimidine‐based isothioureas necessary for generating high asymmetric induction in the asymmetric Steglich rearrangement of oxazolyl carbonates is fully explored, with crossover and dynamic 19F NMR experiments used to develop a mechanistic understanding of this transformation.
Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Alkenes through a Palladium‐Catalyzed Domino Carbopalladation/CH‐Activation Reaction
Authors: Tietze Lutz F. , Hungerland Tim , Düfert Alexander , Objartel Ina , Stalke Dietmar
Published: January 2012

Helical tetrasubstituted alkenes (7) were obtained in a highly efficient way through a palladium‐catalyzed domino‐carbopalladation/CH‐activation reaction of propargylic alcohols 6 in good to excellent yields. Electron‐withdrawing‐ and electron‐donating substituents can be introduced onto the upper and lower aromatic rings. The substrates (6) for the domino process were synthesized by addition of the lithiated alkyne (20) to various aldehydes (19); moreover, the substrates were accessible enantioselectively (in 95 % ee) by reduction of the corresponding ketone using the Noyori procedure.
Reversible Solvatomagnetic Switching in a Spongelike Manganese(II)–Copper(II) 3D Open Framework with a Pillared Square/Octagonal Layer Architecture
Authors: Ferrando‐Soria Jesús , Ruiz‐García Rafael , Cano Joan , Stiriba Salah‐Eddine , Vallejo Julia , Castro Isabel , Julve Miguel , Lloret Francesc , Amorós Pedro , Pasán Jorge , Ruiz‐Pérez Catalina , Journaux Yves , Pardo Emilio
Published: January 2012

The concept of “molecular magnetic sponges” was introduced for the first time in 1999 by the creative imagination of the late Olivier Kahn. It refers to the exotic spongelike behavior of certain molecule‐based materials that undergo a dramatic change of their magnetic properties upon reversible dehydration/rehydration processes. Here we report a unique example of a manganese(II)–copper(II) mixed‐metal–organic framework of formula [Na(H2O)4]4[Mn4{Cu2(mpba)2(H2O)4}3]⋅ 56.5 H2O (1) (mpba=N,N′‐1,3‐phenylenebis(oxamate)). Compound 1 possesses a 3D MnII4CuII6 pillared layer structure with mixed square and octagonal pores of approximate dimensions 1.2×1.2 nm and 2.1×3.0 nm, respectively, hosting a large amount of crystallization H2O molecules and hydrated NaI countercations as guests. It reversibly switches from a crystalline hydrated phase with long‐range ferromagnetic ordering at a rather high critical temperature (Tc) of 22.5 K to an amorphous dehydrated phase with Tc as low as 2.3 K, which is accompanied by a breathing‐type dynamic effect involving a large crystal volume (ca. 45 %) and color changes after water desorption/adsorption. The combination of both the open‐framework structure and the spongelike optical, mechanical, and magnetic switching behavior in this new class of oxamato‐based porous magnets offers fascinating possibilities in designing multifunctional materials for host–guest molecular sensing.
Theoretical studies on the structure and electronic properties of cubic gold nanoclusters
Authors: Majumdar D. , Roszak Szczepan , Leszczynski Jerzy
Published: January 2012

A multi‐scale approach involving molecular mechanics, semi‐empirical and density functional techniques have been carried out on the cubic gold nanoclusters (Aun, n = 63, 126, 252, 504, 756, 1008, 1260, 1512, 1764 and 2016) to monitor their structural and electronic properties. Definite correlations have been found to connect the ionisation potentials, conductance and absorption properties of such clusters with their shapes and sizes. Analytical equations are developed based on three‐dimensional particle in a box model to explain the validity of such correlations. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
An Electropolymerized Pyrrole‐based Coating for Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction of Btex from Water Followed by Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Esmaeil Babanezhad , Mirabi Ali , Ghodrati Roghoieh
Published: January 2012

A stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) technique was developed by the use of polypyrrole (PPy) sorbent, electropolymerized on the surface of a rod, as a possible alternative to solid‐phase microextraction (SPME). Liquid desorption was subsequently employed to transfer the extracted analytes into the injection port of a gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The PPy sorbent including polypyrrole‐dodecyl sulfate (PPy‐DS) was deposited on the surface of a stainless steel rod from the corresponding aqueous electrolyte by applying a constant deposition potential. The developed method was applied to the trace level extraction of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o,p‐xylene) from aqueous sample. Optimization of influential experimental conditions including the voltage of power supply, the time of PPy electrodeposition, the extraction temperature, the ionic strength and the extraction time were also investigated. The detection limits of the method under optimized conditions were in the range of 0.01–0.1 ng·mL−1. The relative standard deviations (RSD) at a concentration level of 1 ng·mL−1 were obtained between 8% and 13% (n=6). The calibration curves of BTEX showed linearity in the range of 0.03 to 600 ng·mL−1. The proposed method was successfully applied to the extraction of some selected BTEX from river water samples and the relative recoveries were higher than 90% for all the analytes.
Humidity Sensing Properties of the Sensor Based on V‐doped Nanoporous Ti0.9Sn0.1O2 Thin Film
Authors: Anbia Mansoor , Moosavi Fard Seyyed Ebrahim , Shafiei Korosh , Hassanzadeh Mohammad Ali , Mayahipour Abbas
Published: January 2012

Vanadium doped nanoporous Ti0.9Sn0.1O2 thin film has been prepared on an alumina substrate by sol‐gel method with Pluronic P123 as the organic template, and humidity sensing properties of it has been investigated. It is found that V‐doped nanoporous Ti0.9Sn0.1O2 thin film shows good humidity sensing properties, and impendence of it decreases more than four orders of magnitude in the relative humidity (RH) range of 11%–95% at 25°C. The response and recovery time of this sensor are about 13 and 17 s, respectively. High sensitivity, narrow hysteresis loop, rapid response and recovery, prominent stability and good repeatability are obtained. A possible mechanism is suggested to explain the humidity sensitive properties.
Pseudopolyrotaxanes of Cucurbit[6]uril: A Three‐Dimensional Network Self‐assembled by ClO4−(H2O)2 Water Clusters
Authors: Sun Xuzhuo , Li Bo , Cao Jin , Chen Jing , Wang Ning , Wan Dongjin , Zhang Haibo , Zhou Xiaohai
Published: January 2012

A pseudorotaxane of cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) with guest molecule N,N′‐hexamethylenebis (pyrazinyl perchlorate) (BPHP) was synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR spectra, IR, single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. The structure of the pseudorotaxane (CB[6]·BPHP) is stabilized by host‐guest hydrogen bonds. Self‐assembly of the pseudorotaxane produces infinite one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional networks with intermolecular hydrogen bonds. In the molecular packing of the CB[6]·BPHP, ClO4−(H2O)2 water clusters serve as bridges to associate these pseudorotaxanes and form three‐dimensional networked pseudopolyrotaxane.
Mechanism of Silver(I)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Allenes Based on Propargylamines
Authors: Liao Chuanan , Li Bin , Wang Jianyi , Wang Yipin
Published: January 2012

The silver(I)‐catalyzed synthesis picture of axially chiral allenes based on propargylamines has been outlined using density functional theory (DFT) method for the first time. Our calculations find that, the coordination of silver(I) into triple bond of propargylamines at anti‐position of nitrogen shows a stronger activation on the triple bond than that at cis‐position, which is favorable for the subsequent hydrogen transfer. The NBO charge analysis for the hydrogen transfer affirms the experimental speculation that this step is a hydride transfer process. The energy barrier of the anti‐periplanar elimination of vinyl‐silver is 26.9 kJ·mol−1 lower than that of the syn‐periplanar elimination, supporting that (−)‐allene is the main product of this reaction. In a word, the most possible route for this reaction is that the silver(I) coordinates into the triple bond of propargylamines at anti‐position of nitrogen, then the formed silver(I) complex undergoes a hydride transfer to give a vinyl‐silver, finally the vinyl‐silver goes through an anti‐periplanar elimination to give (−)‐allene. The hydride transfer with the energy barrier of 44.8 kJ·mol−1 is the rate‐limiting step in whole catalytic process. This work provides insight into why this reaction has a very high enantioselectivity.
VEGF 165b in the developing vasculatures of the fetal human eye
Authors: Baba Takayuki , McLeod D. Scott , Edwards Malia M. , Merges Carol , Sen Tanusree , Sinha Debasish , Lutty Gerard A.
Published: January 2012

VEGF165b is an anti‐angiogenic form of VEGF165 produced by alternative splicing. The localization of pro‐angiogenic VEGF165 and anti‐angiogenic VEGF165b was investigated during development of the vasculatures in fetal human eyes from 7 to 21 weeks gestation (WG). The fetal vasculature of vitreous, which includes tunica vasculosa lentis (TVL), had moderate VEGF165 immunoreactivity at 7WG and very little VEGF165b. Both forms were elevated at 12WG. VEGF165 then decreased around 17WG when the TVL regresses but VEGF165b remained elevated. In choroid, VEGF165 was present in forming choriocapillaris (CC) and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) at 7WG while VEGF165b was present in CC and mesenchymal precursors within the choroidal stroma. By 21WG, both forms were elevated in RPE and choroidal blood vessels but VEGF165b was apical and VEGF165 basal in RPE. Diffuse VEGF165 immunoreactivity was prominent in 12WG innermost retina where blood vessels will form while VEGF165b was present in most CXCR4+ progenitors in the inner neuroblastic layer and migrating angioblasts in the putative nerve fiber layer. By 21WG, VEGF165 was present in nerve fibers and VEGF165b in the inner Muller cell process. The localization of VEGF165b was distinctly different from VEGF165 both spatially and temporally and it was often associated with nucleus in progenitors. Developmental Dynamics 241:595–607, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Defective DNA repair and cell cycle arrest in cells expressing Merkel cell polyomavirus T antigen
Authors: Demetriou Stephanie K. , Ona‐Vu Katherine , Sullivan Erin M. , Dong Tiffany K. , Hsu Shu‐Wei , Oh Dennis H.
Published: January 2012

The pathways by which Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) infection contributes to the formation of Merkel cell carcinomas are important for understanding the pathogenesis of these cancers. We hypothesized that MCV T antigen suppresses normal responses to ultraviolet radiation (UVR)‐induced DNA damage. An MCV‐infected cell line (MKL‐1) exhibited UVR hypersensitivity, impaired repair of DNA lesions and cell cycle arrest after UVR, as well as reduced levels of the DNA damage recognition protein, XPC. When ectopically expressed in uninfected UISO cells, mutant but not wild‐type T antigen resulted in loss of repair of UVR‐induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and reductions in XPC, p53 and p21 levels, whereas both wild‐type and mutant T antigen inhibited cell cycle arrest after UVR. Similarly, only mutant T antigen in normal fibroblasts inhibited DNA repair and XPC expression, while both mutant and wild‐type T antigens produced cell cycle dysregulation. Wild‐type T antigen expression produced large T, 57 kT and small T antigens while mutant T antigen was only detectable as a truncated large T antigen protein. Expression of wild‐type large T antigen but not small T antigen inhibited the G1 checkpoint in UISO cells, but neither wild‐type large T nor small T antigens affected DNA repair, suggesting that large T antigen generates cell cycle defects, and when mutated may also impair DNA repair. These results indicate that T antigen expression by MCV can inhibit key responses to UVR‐induced DNA damage and suggest that progressive MCV‐mediated abrogation of genomic stability may be involved in Merkel cell carcinogenesis.
Paracyclophanes in Action: Asymmetric Catalytic Dialkylzinc Addition to Imines Using [2.2]Paracyclophane‐based N,O‐Ligands as Catalysts
Authors: Dahmen Stefan , Bräse Stefan
Published: January 2012

The asymmetric addition of dibutylzinc to imines is achieved by employing [2.2]paracyclophane‐based ketimine ligands with good to excellent enantioselectivities. A comparison to other organozinc reagent is made.
Spouse‐assisted training in pain coping skills and the outcome of multidisciplinary pain management for chronic low back pain treatment: A 1‐year randomized controlled trial
Authors: Abbasi M. , Dehghani M. , Keefe F.J. , Jafari H. , Behtash H. , Shams J.
Published: January 2012

This study examined the comparative efficacy of three interventions: a spouse‐assisted coping skills training protocol for patients undergoing a multidisciplinary pain management programme (SA‐MPMP), conventional patient‐oriented multidisciplinary pain management programme (P‐MPMP) and standard medical care (SMC). Thirty‐six chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients and their spouses were randomly assigned to one of the three conditions. The SA‐MPMP condition consisted of seven, weekly, 2‐h, group sessions of training in dyadic pain coping and couple skills, delivered by a clinical psychologist with support of a multidisciplinary team of specialists, to patients together with their spouses. P‐MPMP consisted of the SA‐MPMP training delivered to the patient only (i.e., no spouse participation and assistance). The SMC condition entailed continuation of routine treatment, entailing medical care only. Data analysis revealed that, at the 12‐month follow‐up time point, patients receiving SA‐MPMP had significant improvements in kinesiophobia and rumination about pain compared to those receiving P‐MPMP and SMC. In patients suffering from CLBP, an intervention that combines spouse‐assisted coping skills training with a multidisciplinary pain management programme can improve fear of movement and rumination about low back pain.
Aromatic Heterocycles Used as Terminal Groups of Calamitic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Liu Chih‐Yin , Huang Chin‐Hsu , Cheng Pao‐Swu , Tsai Wen‐Liang
Published: January 2012

Three series of compounds 1‐21 were prepared by using 2‐, 3‐, and 4‐pyridinemethanol as terminal group of calamitic liquid crystals. These compounds have some similarities in their phase behavior. They all exhibit SmA phase. A tilt smectic phase, SmC, will be formed when their flexible alkoxy chain is longer than hexoxy group. The profound difference between them is that the compounds 15‐17 possess a short temperature range of N phase. The compounds 3 and 6 have the widest SmA phase, up to 94 °C, and SmC phase, up to 46 °C, respectively.
Thiobencarb Degradation by TiO2 Photocatalysis: Parameter and Reaction Pathway Investigations
Authors: Lai Hsiao‐Fang , Chen Chiing‐Chang , Wu Ren‐Jang , Lu Chung‐Shin
Published: January 2012

The present study deals with the photocatalytic degradation of the thiocarbamate herbicide, thiobencarb (TBC), in the presence of TiO2 particles and UV‐A (λ = 365 nm) radiation. Results show rapid and complete oxidation of TBC after 90 min, and slightly over 70% of TBC was mineralized after 32‐h treatment. Factors such as solution pH, TiO2 dosage, and the presence of anions are found to influence the degradation rate. The establishment of the reaction pathway is made possible by a thorough analysis of the reaction mixture identifying the main intermediate products generated. Results suggest that possible transformation pathways may include hydroxylation, dealkylation and C—S bond cleavage processes. The possible degradation pathways are proposed and discussed on the basis of the evidence of oxidative intermediate formation.
Report of the 2011 annual meeting of the italian society for virology
Authors: Salata Cristiano , Calistri Arianna , Parolin Cristina , Palù Giorgio
Published: January 2012

The 10th annual meeting of the Italian Society for Virology (SIV) comprised seven plenary sessions focused on: General virology and viral genetics; Virus–Host interaction and pathogenesis; Viral oncology; Emerging viruses and zoonotic, foodborne and environmental pathways of transmission; Viral immunology and vaccines; Medical virology and antiviral therapy; Viral biotechnologies and gene therapy. The meeting had an attendance of 143 virologists, about 60% were senior, and the other were young scientists. The submitted abstracts amounted to 88 and the abstracts selected for oral presentation were 41. Complete abstracts of oral and poster presentations are available at the web site www.siv‐virologia.it. A summary of the plenary lectures and oral selected presentations is reported. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 2965–2968, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bone marrow stromal cells stimulate an angiogenic program that requires endothelial MT1‐MMP
Authors: Kachgal Suraj , Carrion Bita , Janson Isaac A. , Putnam Andrew J.
Published: January 2012

Bone marrow‐derived stromal/stem cells (BMSCs) have recently been characterized as mediators of tissue regeneration after injury. In addition to preventing fibrosis at the wound site, BMSCs elicit an angiogenic response within the fibrin matrix. The mechanistic interactions between BMSCs and invading endothelial cells (ECs) during this process are not fully understood. Using a three‐dimensional, fibrin‐based angiogenesis model, we sought to investigate the proteolytic mechanisms by which BMSCs promote vessel morphogenesis. We find that BMSC‐mediated vessel formation depends on the proteolytic ability of membrane type 1‐matrix metalloproteinase (MT1‐MMP). Knockdown of the protease results in a small network of vessels with enlarged lumens. Contrastingly, vessel morphogenesis is unaffected by the knockdown of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9. Furthermore, we find that BMSC‐mediated vessel morphogenesis in vivo follows mechanisms similar to what we observe in vitro. Subcutaneous, cellular fibrin implants in C.B‐17/SCID mice form aberrant vasculature when MMPs are inhibited with a broad‐spectrum chemical inhibitor, and a very minimal amount of vessels when MT1‐MMP proteolytic activity is interrupted in ECs. Other studies have debated the necessity of MT1‐MMP in the context of vessel invasion in fibrin, but this study clearly demonstrates its requirement in BMSC‐mediated angiogenesis. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 3546–3555, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Non‐saturation of the non‐stationary ideal onPκ(λ) with λ of countable cofinality
Authors: Matet Pierre
Published: January 2012

Given a regular uncountable cardinal κ and a cardinal λ > κ of cofinality ω, we show that the restriction of the non‐stationary ideal onPκ(λ) to the set of allawith\documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathrm{cf}(\sup (a\cap \kappa)) = \omega$\end{document}is not λ++‐saturated (and even not\documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$2^{{(\lambda ^{<\kappa }})}$\end{document}‐saturated in case 2λ= λ+). We actually prove the stronger result that there is\documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$Q\subseteq \mathrm{NG}_{\kappa ,\lambda }^+$\end{document}with |Q| = λ++such thatA∩Bis a non‐cofinal subset ofPκ(λ) for any two distinct membersA,BofQ, where NGκ, λdenotes the game ideal onPκ(λ). We also remark that for κ > ω1, adding λ+3Cohen subsets of ω1to\documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathbf {L}$\end{document}makes NGκ, λλ+3‐saturated.
Water‐Developable Poly(2‐oxazoline)‐Based Negative Photoresists
Authors: Schenk Verena , Ellmaier Lisa , Rossegger Elisabeth , Edler Matthias , Griesser Thomas , Weidinger Gerald , Wiesbrock Frank
Published: January 2012

Copoly(2‐oxazoline)‐based photoresists are prepared from pEtOx80Bu=Ox20 and pPhOx80Dc=Ox20, respectively, a tetrathiol, and a photosensitive initiator. It is possible to prepare copoly(2‐oxazoline)s bearing unsaturated side chains in a microwave reactor on a decagram scale in reaction times of 100 min or shorter. UV irradiation of dried polymer films through a quartz mask induces the thiol‐ene reaction in the illuminated areas. Subsequent development of the polymer films in halogen‐free solvents reproduces the negative pattern of the mask with a resolution of 2 μm. The pEtOx80Bu=Ox20‐derived photoresists can also be developed in water.
Application of multivariate image analysis in modeling 13C‐NMR chemical shifts of mono substituted pyridines
Authors: Garkani‐Nejad Zahra , Ahmadvand Mohammad
Published: January 2012

Multivariate image analysis (MIA) descriptors have been applied to the quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) study of 13C‐NMR chemical shifts of 2‐mono substituted pyridines. In this method, descriptors are generated from pixels of images and are analyzed with different multivariate methods. Correlation ranking–principal component regression and correlation ranking–principal component–artificial neural networks were applied in constructing predictor models. In this article, the role of weight update function in artificial neural networks was investigated too. Obtained results using the correlation ranking–principal component–artificial neural network method showed high performance for predicting of 13C‐NMR chemical shifts of pyridine derivatives. Also, these results indicated that MIA descriptors may be useful to predict 13C‐NMR chemical shifts. Finally, The MIA‐QSPR approach coupled to artificial neural networks revealed that the predictive ability of MIA descriptors is comparable or even superior for the pyridine derivatives when compared with the ChemDraw program or gauge included atomic orbital procedure for 13C chemical shifts calculations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.