bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vertical and horizontal listening on internal social media during a time of crisis: a case study of a Danish hospital
Authors: Madsen Vibeke Thøis , Gode Helle Eskesen , Andersen Mona Agerholm
Published: August 2023

Purpose

The study explores internal listening on internal social media (ISM) during a crisis at a large Danish hospital.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employs a netnographic qualitative design to analyze 142 posts shared by employees on the hospital's ISM platform “The Word is Free” and how these posts are listened to by employees, support functions and management.

Findings

The study finds seven different types of internal listening. Categories of vertical listening included respectful listening, delegated listening, formal listening and no listening, while horizontal listening included confirmatory listening, responsive listening, challenging listening and no listening.

Research limitations/implications

The study focuses on listening on ISM between January 2019 and March 2022. Interviews with employees and managers are needed to further investigate how internal listening at the hospital influences organizational life both in general and during a crisis.

Practical implications

Especially in crisis situations, organizations are encouraged to approach ISM with a holistic understanding of listening and apply three principles: (1) embrace ISM as an employee communication arena where confirmatory, responsive and challenging listening among employees helps them to cope with strenuous situations; (2) monitor the ISM communication arena and (3) conduct respectful listening.

Originality/value

This study focuses on internal listening on ISM during a crisis and suggests a holistic understanding of internal listening that combines vertical and horizontal listening.
The perks of being an attractive public customer
Authors: Fridner David
Published: August 2023

Purpose

In industrial buyer–supplier relationships, being an attractive customer has been found to result in superior supplier performance. However, there is a limited understanding of how these benefits transfer to the public domain. This study aims to explore the influence of customer attractiveness on supplier resource mobilization efforts toward the public sector.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative approach was used, focusing on in-depth interviews with 23 informants from 3 critical and complex supplier markets. The data were processed using inductive coding and thematic analysis.

Findings

The findings indicate that customer attractiveness in the public sector influences suppliers’ mobilization efforts on several dimensions. In addition to stimulating competition in the tender phase, customer attractiveness can yield important benefits to quality, supply stability and innovation during the business relationship. It appears imperative for the public sector to improve its standings with suppliers to both mitigate the apparent risk of sub-par treatment and to unlock the preferential supplier treatment associated with being an attractive customer.

Social implications

Receiving increased mobilization from suppliers will result in better use of public money and help improve resilience and innovation in public procurement.

Originality/value

This study extends the research on customer attractiveness in the public sector by being the first to explore the range and nature of its influence on supplier mobilization efforts.
Promoting sustainable educational innovation using the Sustainability Meter
Authors: Tappel Anna P.M. , Poortman Cindy Louise , Schildkamp Kim , Visscher Adrie J.
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Schools struggle with sustaining their educational innovations (Cohen and Mehta, 2017; Askell-Williams and Koh, 2020) and may benefit from concrete and practical guidance (Askell-Williams and Koh, 2020). A dialogue between staff within schools can be a way to promote self-evaluation regarding the innovation. Therefore, a self-evaluation tool for educators was developed: The Sustainability Meter (TSM). The purpose of the tool is to gain insight into the different perspectives and experiences of stakeholders within the school organization regarding the innovation, as a basis for improvement-directed actions to promote sustainable educational innovation.

Design/methodology/approach

In this small-scale study, the authors explored conceptual and instrumental use of the Sustainability Meter in two phases, and also examined user satisfaction. In phase 1, the tool was used under the guidance of the researcher (first author), who supported the chairs in taking steps before the group dialogue took place, and who then guided the dialogue itself as a moderator. In phase 2, work with TSM was organized independently by the schools themselves, supported by the manual. Data were collected in the form of observations of the dialogue, group interviews and documents generated by the participants.

Findings

In terms of conceptual use, in general, participants gained better understanding of each other's perspectives and backgrounds with regard to the (sustainability of the) innovation. The dialogue also led to insights into challenges for growth toward sustainable innovation. For instrumental use, the results of the analysis were incorporated in a plan of action in the majority of the participants' schools. In terms of user satisfaction, participants in all groups perceived TSM as an enjoyable support for high-quality dialogue. This research provides some indications that the tool might lead to sustainable educational innovations.

Originality/value

Next to developing an action plan based on the results of the school, the tool also appeared to help breaking up the process in smaller, clearer and more feasible improvement-directed actions. The results of this study further show that the authors could distinguish between three types of instrumental use. The improvement-directed actions in this research often were a combination of this three types: initial solutions, short-term and longer-term measures. This research provides some indications that the tool might lead to sustainable educational innovations.
Entrepreneurship for sustainable development: co-evolutionary evidence from the tourism sector
Authors: Baiocco Silvia , Leoni Luna , Paniccia Paola Maria Anna
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to enhance understanding of how sustainable entrepreneurship (SE) contributes to sustainable development in the tourism sector. To do so, specific factors that act as enablers or inhibitors of SE are identified according to a co-evolutionary lens.

Design/methodology/approach

A co-evolutionary explanation of the firm? Environment relationship is adopted to undertake a qualitative empirical study of the Castelli Romani tourism destination (Italy), via 23 semi-structured interviews according to a narrative approach.

Findings

The paper demonstrates that entrepreneurs play a crucial role in sustainable development but cannot act in isolation. In fact, according to the co-evolutionary approach, they influence and are influenced by 20 factors. Accordingly, SE can be conceptualised as resulting from effective co-evolutionary interactions between micro (i.e. entrepreneurs and their firm), meso (i.e. the destination where tourism firms are based) and macro (i.e. the wider socio-economic and natural system) levels.

Practical implications

Several actions are suggested to entrepreneurs and policymakers to help achieve specific sustainable development goals. These actions focus on: (1) training courses, (2) investments in technologies, (3) creation of innovative business models, (4) exploitation of cultural and natural resources, (5) community involvement and (6) multi-level partnerships.

Originality/value

This is the first study that adopts a co-evolutionary lens to investigate the influencing factors of SE in tourism, shedding light on the effects of their dynamic interdependence. Thus, it provides a more nuanced SE conceptualisation that takes a holistic and dynamic view of sustainability.
Augmented reality applications and the future library
Authors: De Sarkar Tanmay
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate how augmented reality (AR) technology is adopted in the library to transform it into an immersive and interactive platform and highlights the future possibilities of the application of AR in libraries.

Design/methodology/approach

The study examines the current applications of AR in the library by consulting related literature and analyzing different library websites covering diverse geographical areas.

Findings

The paper with examples summarizes the current library practices of using AR technology and focuses on the AR-supported major library initiatives – right from document tracking, inventory management, wayfinding, supporting innovation and research, developing information literacy skills, etc.

Originality/value

The paper explores the possibility of improving user experience in the library by introducing AR applications and engaging users in an interactive and captivating environment.
Capacity-building practices for librarians' effective service delivery in federal university libraries in Nigeria
Authors: Igbokwe Patrick Chijioke
Published: August 2023

Purpose

The study examined capacity-building practices for librarians' effective library service delivery in Federal University Libraries in Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach

The design for this paper was a descriptive survey research design. Data was collected using a questionnaire from a total number of 178 respondents. Collected data were analyzed using mean scores and standard deviation.

Findings

The findings reveal that learning capacity-building practices such as rotating members of staff for wider experience exist in these libraries. Learning capacity-building practices contributes to effective service delivery by enhancing various library services. Results also show that there are challenges confronting learning capacity-building practices which include inadequate funding. For these libraries to perform to their highest potentials, their learning capacity needs to be built and developed.

Research limitations/implications

The major limitation of this study is the tendency of the respondents to fake their responses which may arise from their personal biases.

Practical implications

Therefore, university library management and university administrators should as a matter of urgency develop policies that will ensure that capacities are built for better service delivery or risk users losing interest in the library.

Originality/value

The study examined a vital dimension of capacity build, which is learning capacity building. The findings will help university administrators and library management to know the different learning capacity-building practices that exist in the various libraries and the extent to which these practices are important and relevant for effective service delivery. This will assist them in adopting relevant and adequate learning capacity-building strategies and guiding them in formulating effective capacity-building policies.
The impact of audit members' self-esteem and narcissism on organizational knowledge sharing among audit firms
Authors: Salehi Mahdi , Rouhi Safoura
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This study examines whether the auditor's self-esteem and narcissism affect sharing their knowledge with their colleagues and, if practical, increase or decrease knowledge sharing.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a questionnaire to measure the employed variables: self-esteem, narcissism and knowledge-sharing. The study's statistical population includes auditors membered in the Association of Iranian Certified Public Accountants (AICPA), through which the statistical sample is 153 auditors chosen to analyze the collected information. Finally, the survey-based approach is employed to test the association between variables.

Findings

The results showed a positive and significant relationship between the positive dimension of self-esteem and knowledge sharing of auditors. In contrast, the effect of the negative dimension of self-esteem and narcissism on knowledge sharing is negative and significant.

Practical implications

According to the importance of particular personality traits in audit staff and their impact on improving the efficiency and performance of auditors, audit firms are recommended to employ audit staff suitable for their organizational objectives by taking some psychological tests during recruitment.

Originality/value

The findings expand knowledge sharing and create a new perspective in related research since this is among the pioneer studies investigating the impact of personality traits of individual auditors, particularly narcissism and self-esteem, on encouraging them to share knowledge.
Moral repair versus punishment: influences on managerial responses
Authors: Butterfield Kenneth , Neale Nathan Robert , Shin Eunjeong , He Mengjiao (Rebecca)
Published: August 2023

Purpose

The current management literature suggests that when employees engage in wrongdoing, managers typically respond with punishment. The emerging moral repair literature suggests an alternative to punishment: a reparative response that focuses on repairing harm and restoring damaged relationships. However, little is currently known about restorative managerial responses, including why managers respond to employee wrongdoing in a reparative versus punitive manner. The purpose of this paper is to examine a variety of cognitive and emotional influences on this managerial decision.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used a scenario-based survey methodology. The authors gathered data from 894 managers in sales and financial services contexts to test a set of hypotheses regarding individual-level influences on managers’ punitive versus restorative responses.

Findings

This study found that managers’ restorative justice orientation, retributive justice orientation, social considerations (e.g. when employees are relatively interdependent versus independent), instrumental considerations (e.g. when the offender is highly valuable to the organization) and feelings of anger influenced their reparative versus punitive responses.

Research limitations/implications

Data are cross-sectional, so causality inferences should be approached with caution. Another potential limitation is common method bias due to single-source and single-wave data.

Practical implications

The findings of this study show that managers often opt for a restorative response to workplace transgressions, and this study surfaces a variety of reasons why managers choose a restorative response instead of a punitive response.

Social implications

This study focuses on social order and expectations within the workplace. This is important to victims, offenders, observers, managers and other stakeholders. This study seeks to emphasize the importance of social factors, a shared social identity, social bonds and other relationships within this manuscript. This is an important component of organizational-focused restorative justice research.

Originality/value

This is the first study, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, to explicitly test individual-level influences on managers’ reparative versus punitive responses to employee wrongdoing.
“I’m not just a mother”: a content analysis of elite female athletes’ self-presentation before and after motherhood
Authors: Johnson Andriana , Brison Natasha T. , Harris Hailey A. , Brown Katie M.
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Guided by self-presentation theory and social role theory, this study examines the different strategies elite female athletes used in personal branding on social media before and after becoming mothers. Scholars have investigated the authenticity of female athletes’ frontstage versus backstage representation on social media for branding purposes, but this study further expands on existing literature to review how female athletes would present themselves in the same realm once entering motherhood.

Design/methodology/approach

Through a content analysis, researchers evaluated whether there was a shift in three elite female athletes’ (Serena Williams, Allyson Felix and Skylar Diggins Smith) Instagram posts and captions one year before their pregnancy and one year after motherhood. A total of 732 posts were examined and were organized into six main categories: athletic, professional, promotional, personal, motherhood and dual identity.

Findings

Results revealed there was a difference in the self-presentation strategies used by the three female athletes on their social media pages. Specifically, the researchers confirmed the presence of a combined role of athlete and mother.

Originality/value

The findings support existing literature on the importance and the challenges of “balancing” a third identity of blending being both a mother and elite athlete as one. Yet, the findings challenge the previous notion that women cannot continue to perform at an elite level and manage the expectations that society institutes of being a “good mother.”
Artificial intelligence integration in personalised learning for employee growth: a game-changing strategy
Authors: Rukadikar Aaradhana , Khandelwal Komal
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This viewpoint paper aims to explore the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in personalized learning for employees and its potential, challenges and ethical consideration to transform the landscape of employee’s performance improvement.

Design/methodology/approach

A review of relevant research papers, articles and case studies is done to highlight developments in research and practice.

Findings

Personalised learning powered by AI will transform employee education and training as AI evolves, helping individuals and organisations succeed in an ever-changing, knowledge-driven world. Concerns like data privacy, algorithmic bias and human engagement must be addressed to achieve ethical and fair implementation.

Originality/value

This paper discusses the overall influence of AI adoption on personalised learning for employees. It examines how AI technologies have the ability to disrupt traditional learning methodologies, modify organisational learning cultures and encourage an environment that fosters ongoing learning and innovation.
Ergodic sampling: Acquisition design to maximize information from limited samples
Authors: Zhang Mengli , Li Yaoguo
Published: August 2023

Data acquisition using equal spacing has been a standard practice in geophysics. The dense uniform sampling derived from Nyquist–Shannon sampling includes redundant samples, and it is sufficient but not necessary to adequately record target signals. We propose an ergodic sampling, which avoids the redundant samples in the dense uniform sampling and possesses the ability to capture the sufficiently similar information content as does Nyquist sampling. Ergodicity means that a key part of the system can represent the average performance of the entire system. Our ergodic samples are a critical subset of dense uniform samples and can represent the full uniform Nyquist samples. To find such a critical subset, we first examine the properties of different sampling patterns, including the sampling interval distribution, sampling angle distribution, areal sample density, and resolution in the spectral domain. We define the information sampling ability of sampling patterns based on these properties. The concept of information sampling ability that we have proposed serves as the criterion to compare different sampling patterns and assess their sampling performances. The sampling patterns with the same information sampling ability have the same capability to gather information, even though the appearance of sampling patterns may be different. We formulate an optimization problem to find this critical subset of sample locations, which has the fewest number of samples but has a similar information sampling ability as that of the desired dense uniform samples. This critical subset is irregularly located, has the optimized properties and forms the ergodic sampling pattern. We define this process of sampling design and associated understanding as the ergodic sampling. Ergodic sampling can be applied to gain two major benefits in practice. First, this approach can save a significant number of samples. We demonstrate ergodic sampling using one‐dimensional synthetic data and a two‐dimensional field geophysical dataset. The simulations confirm that, compared with other sampling strategies, ergodic sampling can use fewer samples to acquire the same amount of information, so that we can save cost. Alternatively, with the same budget, we can use the same number of samples through ergodic sampling to acquire more information. The new ergodic sampling can lead to a new generation of economic and efficient geophysical data acquisition, which could assist in increasing the discovery rate in resource exploration, tackling more earth science problems with a limited budget and can also benefit the environment in the process by reducing the invasiveness in potentially sensitive regions.
Aphid biological control in arable crops via flower strips: The predominant role of food resources over diversity effects
Authors: Gardarin Antoine
Published: August 2023

Plant taxonomic and functional diversity promotes interactions at higher trophic levels, but the contribution of functional diversity effects to multitrophic interactions and ecosystem functioning remains unclear. In agroecosystems, flower strips can be sown to promote biodiversity and associated services, but their plant composition is poorly considered from a functional diversity perspective so as to promote multitrophic interactions.

In a field experiment, aphid biological control was compared across contrasting flower strip mixtures, over a 4‐year arable crop rotation. The effects of plants providing food resources, that is nectar and legumes supporting alternative hosts and prey, and the effects of plant species richness and functional dispersion were investigated on the biological control of aphid populations.

In general, increases in the percentage of plant cover providing nectar and alternative prey (Fabaceae) to natural enemies increased predator–prey ratios and aphid parasitism and decreased aphid population growth rates. These effects however depended on the crop species.

Species richness and the functional dispersion of traits involved in plant–arthropod interactions were of lesser importance, and the directions of their effects were crop‐specific.

Synthesis and applications. These findings provide useful insight for designing perennial plant mixtures for creating or restoring habitats supporting aphid regulation. It is not adequate to sow any mixture containing simply flowering plants. Plant mixtures should comprise a large proportion of plant species supporting alternative prey, like legumes, and species producing nectar being easily accessible to natural enemies (corollas with nondeep nectar). To be efficient over a crop rotation, with aphids being present at different seasons, these nectar resources should be provided throughout the year thanks to a diversity of plant flowering periods.
Measurement of radiologist reporting times: Assessment of precision, comparison of three different measurement techniques and review of potential applications
Authors: Cowan Ian A , Floyd Richard A
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Radiologist reporting times are a key component of radiology department workload assessment, but reliable measurement remains challenging. Currently, there are three contenders for this task: median reporting times (MRTs), extracted directly from a department's radiology information system (RIS); study‐ascribed times (SATs), using published tables of individual descriptors derived from a combination of measurement and consensus; and radiology reporting figures (RRFs), using published tables of measured times based on modality and numbers of anatomical areas.

Methods

We review these techniques, their possible uses and some potential pitfalls. We discuss the level of precision that can realistically be attained in measuring reporting times, and list the strengths and weaknesses of each technique, comparing them in relation to each of eight potential applications.

Results

We believe that SATs are challenging for practical use due to their static nature, absent common descriptors and large number. RRFs are more user‐friendly but are also static and require ongoing updates; currently, they do not include ultrasound. MRTs cannot currently be extracted from every RIS, but where available they are easy to use and their dynamic nature provides the most objective data. They underestimate the unmeasurable components of a radiologist's work and therefore the total time spent in a reporting session.

Conclusion

MRTs are superior to the other methods in flexibility, precision and ease of use. All institutions should have access to this data and we call on vendors of Radiology Information Systems which are currently not capable of providing it to make the necessary modifications.
RFIDeep: Unfolding the potential of deep learning for radio‐frequency identification
Authors: Bardon Gaël , Cristofari Robin , Winterl Alexander , Barracho Téo , Benoiste Marine , Ceresa Claire , Chatelain Nicolas , Courtecuisse Julien , Fernandes Flávia A. N. , Gauthier‐Clerc Michel , Gendner Jean‐Paul , Handrich Yves , Houstin Aymeric , Krellenstein Adélie , Lecomte Nicolas , Salmon Charles‐Edouard , Trucchi Emiliano , Vallas Benoit , Wong Emily M. , Zitterbart Daniel P. , Le Bohec Céline
Published: August 2023

Automatic monitoring of wildlife is becoming a critical tool in the field of ecology. In particular, Radio‐Frequency IDentification (RFID) is now a widespread technology to assess the phenology, breeding and survival of many species. While RFID produces massive datasets, no established fast and accurate methods are yet available for this type of data processing. Deep learning approaches have been used to overcome similar problems in other scientific fields and hence might hold the potential to overcome these analytical challenges and unlock the full potential of RFID studies.

We present a deep learning workflow, coined “RFIDeep”, to derive ecological features, such as breeding status and outcome, from RFID mark‐recapture data. To demonstrate the performance of RFIDeep with complex datasets, we used a long‐term automatic monitoring of a long‐lived seabird that breeds in densely packed colonies, hence with many daily entries and exits.

To determine individual breeding status and phenology and for each breeding season, we first developed a one‐dimensional convolution neural network (1D‐CNN) architecture. Second, to account for variance in breeding phenology and technical limitations of field data acquisition, we built a new data augmentation step mimicking a shift in breeding dates and missing RFID detections, a common issue with RFIDs. Third, to identify the segments of the breeding activity used during classification, we also included a visualisation tool, which allows users to understand what is usually considered a “black box” step of deep learning. With these three steps, we achieved a high accuracy for all breeding parameters: breeding status accuracy = 96.3%; phenological accuracy = 86.9%; and breeding success accuracy = 97.3%.

RFIDeep has unfolded the potential of artificial intelligence for tracking changes in animal populations, multiplying the benefit of automated mark‐recapture monitoring of undisturbed wildlife populations. RFIDeep is an open source code to facilitate the use, adaptation, or enhancement of RFID data in a wide variety of species. In addition to a tremendous time saving for analysing these large datasets, our study shows the capacities of CNN models to autonomously detect ecologically meaningful patterns in data through visualisation techniques, which are seldom used in ecology.
Does the National Bariatric Prioritization Tool predict health outcomes?
Authors: Chung Lisa , Srikumar Gajan , Coomarasamy Christin , MacCormick Andrew D.
Published: August 2023

Background

The National Bariatric Prioritization Tool (NBPT), developed in Aotearoa New Zealand (AoNZ), has not been validated using real patient data. The aim was to determine the predictive validity of the NBPT on health outcomes.

Methods

An observational study was undertaken of consecutive patients undergoing elective bariatric surgery at Middlemore Hospital using the NBPT from December 2014 to December 2016. The primary outcome was the correlation between prioritization score and percentage total weight loss (%TWL) at 18 months follow‐up, with secondary outcomes being correlation with change in HbA1c, lipids, resolution of OSA, resolution of hypertension, and reduction in arthritis medications. Equity of access was measured by the relationship to age group, gender and ethnicity.

Results

There were 294 patients included. There was no correlation between %TWL and prioritization score (correlation −0.09, P = 0.14). The benefit score correlated with %TWL (correlation 0.25, P < 0.0001). There were correlations between prioritization score and HbA1c reduction (correlation 0.28, P < 0.0001), resolution of OSA (correlation 0.20, P < 0.001) and resolution of hypertension (correlation 0.20, P < 0.001). There was a significant difference in prioritization score based on ethnicity, with Māori and Pasifika scoring higher than New Zealand European (P = 0.0023).

Conclusions

While the NBPT does not correlate with %TWL, it may have predictive validity through correlations with improvement of comorbidities such as diabetes, OSA and hypertension. Given higher rates of obesity and comorbidities in Māori and Pasifika, the higher scores may suggest the tool may be used to achieve equity of access. Further modifications should be considered to optimize outcomes.
Safety profile of paediatric COVID‐19 vaccines: An analysis of the US Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System
Authors: Nikitina Victoria , Santi Laurini Greta , Montanaro Nicola , Motola Domenico
Published: August 2023

Aim

To provide further evidence on the safety profile of COVID‐19 vaccines in paediatrics by analysing the spontaneous reports of adverse effects related to these vaccines.

Methods

Reports related to US paediatric population (from 0 to 17 years) vaccinated with authorised COVID‐19 vaccines were extracted from Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System from December 2020 to 17 November 2022. We conducted a descriptive analysis of Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI), calculating reporting rate of serious AEFIs and focusing on myocarditis and Guillain‐Barré Syndrome after mRNA COVID‐19 vaccines.

Results

Overall, 52 720 reports were retrieved: 77% (40541)‐Pfizer‐BioNTech, 19% (10083)‐Moderna, a small proportion for other vaccines 4% (2096). Most of AEFIs were non‐serious and listed in corresponding SPCs. Of serious AEFIs, 96% were related to the Pfizer‐BioNTech vaccine. Roughly 91% (47874) were related to people from 6 to 17 years, a small percentage of 9% (4773) to the younger group (0–5 years). In both groups, most of the reports were related to mRNA vaccines and the percentage of AEFIs experienced by females were similar to males.

Conclusions

Data showed that events most frequently reported were non‐serious and listed in the corresponding SPCs, extending the evidence of safety of COVID‐19 vaccines authorised in the United States in children.
Comparing survival rates for clusters of depressive symptoms found by Network analysis' community detection algorithms: Results from a prospective population‐based study among 9774 cancer survivors from the PROFILES‐registry
Authors: Hinnen C. , Hochstenbach S. , Mols F. , Mertens B. J. A.
Published: August 2023

Objectives

Previous studies have shown that depression is associated with mortality in patients with cancer. Depression is however a heterogeneous construct and it may be more helpful to look at different (clusters) of depressive symptoms than to look at depression as a discrete condition. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether clusters of depressive symptoms can be identified using advanced statistics and to investigate how these symptom clusters are associated with all‐cause mortality in a large group of patients with cancer.

Method

Data from a large population‐based cohort study (PROFILES) including various cancer types were used. Eligible patients completed self‐report questionnaires (i.e. Fatigue assessment scale, Hospital anxiety and depression scale, EORTC QOL‐C30) after diagnosis. Survival status was determined on 31 January 2022.

Results

In total, 9744 patients were included. Network analyses combining different community detection algorithms showed that clusters of depressive symptoms could be detected that correspond with motivational anhedonia, consummatory anhedonia and negative affect. Survival analyses using the variables that represented these clusters best showed that motivational and consummatory anhedonia were associated with survival. Even after controlling for clinical and sociodemographic variables items assessing motivational anhedonia were significantly associated with mortality over time.

Conclusion

Separate clusters of symptoms that correspond with motivational and consummatory anhedonia and negative affect can be distinguished and anhedonia may be associated with mortality more than negative affect. Looking at particular (clusters of) depressive symptoms may be more informative and clinically relevant than using depression as a single construct (i.e. syndrome).
Recolonizing native wildlife facilitates exotic plant invasion into Singapore's rain forests
Authors: Ho Chervil , Dehaudt Bastien , Lee Benjamin P. Y. H. , Tan Hui Ying Renee , Luskin Matthew Scott
Published: August 2023

Halting biological invasions and rewilding extirpated native fauna are conservation interventions to bolster biodiversity, species interactions, and ecosystems. These actions are often considered separately and the potential for reintroduced wildlife to facilitate invasive plants has been largely overlooked. Here, we investigated the role of Singapore's recolonizing native wild pigs (Sus scrofa) in facilitating an invasive weed Miconia crenata into tropical rainforests, which are normally highly resistant to invasion. We conducted line‐transect surveys in 11 Singaporean rain forests and used generalized linear mixed models to consider the contribution of pigs' soil disturbances, human forest paths, and other environmental covariates, on the density of M. crenata. We found that M. crenata was more abundant at forest edges and invasion into forest interior was facilitated by pigs, paths, and canopy gaps, but that these effects were all additive, not synergistic (i.e., not multiplicative). These results highlight how modern invasions are driven by multiple disturbances as well as propagule pressure (e.g., urban birds dispersing seeds at forest edges where they establish in pig soil disturbances). Singapore's extensive native forest restoration efforts may have provided plentiful edge and secondary forests that are well suited to pigs and M. crenata, which in turn undermine the aims of fostering later‐successional native plant communities. To prevent negative externalities, we suggest that plant restoration and rewilding projects consider the potential role of wildlife in facilitating non‐native plants, and couple these actions with preliminary screening of unintended consequences and continued monitoring, as well as limiting human‐mediated weed invasion to minimize propagule sources.
Bird movement patterns in an agricultural landscape are mediated by both habitat conditions and traits
Authors: Borah Binod , Beckman Noelle G.
Published: August 2023

Alterations of the landscape following agricultural expansion and intensification affect animal movement patterns in the resulting mosaic of fragments and surrounding matrix. Here, we analyze the observed movement patterns of 34 individuals from nine tropical bird species from a rapidly changing agricultural landscape in Kenya. We deconstructed the movement patterns into their three components: step length, turn angles, and displacement and categorized them into two states: area restrictive and expansive movement. Using hidden Markov models, mixed models, and species traits, we showed that movement of birds in the fragments comprised of short step lengths and small displacements, characteristic of area restrictive movement to exploit high‐quality habitats. On the contrary, movement in the matrix comprised of long step lengths and large displacements, characteristic of area expansive movement to explore or pass‐through poorer habitats. The responses of movement components to fragments and the surrounding matrix were mediated by species traits. Habitat specialists showed stronger boundary response, shorter step lengths, and smaller displacements than habitat generalists in both the fragments and the matrix. Their strong preferences for the fragments, coupled with low flight capabilities can make movement in the matrix particularly difficult. Whereas, at the landscape scale, habitat generalist omnivores and habitat specialist frugivores had larger step lengths than the other guilds, as they use the matrix for resources or as a conduit to movement. Therefore, the habitat fragments are intensely utilized and of conservation importance. The matrix quality and permeability can promote animal space use and movement.
Barriers and facilitators of implementation of evidence‐based interventions in children and young people's mental health care – a systematic review
Authors: Peters‐Corbett Araminta , Parke Sheryl , Bear Holly , Clarke Timothy
Published: August 2023

Background

Effective evidence‐based practices (EBP) for children and young people's (CYP) mental health exist, however, there is low uptake in clinical practice and interventions do not always reach those in need. This review aimed to comprehensively identify and synthesise the barriers and facilitators to implementing EBP in CYP mental health care, mapped according to an implementation framework in order to make pragmatic recommendations for practitioners, commissioners and researchers.

Methods

Following the PRISMA guidelines, an electronic search of PsycINFO, MEDLINE, CINAHL and Embase in 2021 yielded 1830 results. In total, 107 abstracts were screened, 57 of which were included for full‐text review and 26 were included for data extraction and analysis.

Results

We identified a number of organisational and clinician‐level barriers which impede the implementation of evidence in ‘real world’ practice. Barriers included lack of access to funding; poor access to resources; clinician attitudes and flexibility of EBP. Facilitators included targeted funding and access to resources; supportive staff and leadership committed to innovation and skills in the EBP.

Conclusions

Although the process of translating research into practice is challenging and the solutions are not straightforward, we have identified a set of practical recommendations for ways in which implementation practices can improve. Researchers, commissioners, funders and practitioners can work together to improve the implementation of EBP in CYP mental health settings by ensuring funding is available, prioritise implementation beyond the end of trials, upskill staff on integrating EBP into care, ensure EBPs are flexible and are co‐produced with service users.

Registration

This review was registered on PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42021252995).
Comparison of penetrating and endothelial keratoplasty in patients with iridocorneal endothelial syndrome: A registry study
Authors: Roberts Philipp K. , Keane Miriam , Yang Gink , Chan Elsie , Harkin Damien G. , McKirdy Natalie , Daniell Mark ,   all contributors to the Australian Corneal Graft Registry
Published: August 2023

Background

To compare graft survival of endothelial keratoplasty (EK) versus penetrating keratoplasty (PK) in patients with iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome and identify ocular features associated with graft survival.

Methods

Observational, prospective, cohort study. A total of 30 806 first grafts performed between 1985 and 2020 were identified through the Australian Corneal Graft Registry and included in this observational, prospective cohort study. A total of 196 eyes underwent a primary corneal graft for ICE syndrome. Kaplan–Meier graft survival plots and Chi‐squared tests were performed to identify graft survival rates for EK and PK. A history of raised intraocular pressure (IOP) was also recorded and analysed. Graft survival of eyes with ICE syndrome were compared to that of other indications.

Results

Grafts performed for ICE syndrome increased to 0.8% of all cases during the 2005 to 2020 period compared with 0.5% between 1985 to 2004 (χ2=9.35, p = 0.002). From 2010, EK surpassed PK as the preferred graft type. Survival of primary grafts in eyes with ICE syndrome was lower than for other indications (log‐rank = 56.62, p < 0.001). Graft survival was higher following PK than Descemet stripping (automated) endothelial keratoplasty (DS(A)EK) (log‐rank = 10.56, p = 0.001). Graft survival was higher in eyes without a history of raised IOP compared to those with a reported history of raised IOP (log‐rank = 13.06, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

ICE syndrome carries a poor prognosis for graft survival. DS(A)EK had a poorer prognosis than PK. A history of raised IOP is associated with higher risk of graft failure.
Clinical, radiographic, and histological/histomorphometric analysis of maxillary sinus grafting with deproteinized porcine or bovine bone mineral: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Krennmair Stefan , Postl Lukas , Schwarze Uwe Yacine , Malek Michael , Stimmelmayr Michael , Krennmair Gerald
Published: August 2023

Objective

The present study aimed to compare histomorphometrically evaluated new bone formation, radiographically measured graft stability, and clinical implant outcome between maxillary sinus grafting with either deproteinized porcine bone mineral (DPBM) or deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM).

Materials and Methods

Thirty maxillary sinuses were initially included and randomly assigned to the test group (TG; DPBM, n = 15) or control group (CG; DBBM, n = 15). After a healing period (6 months), axially retrieved bone biopsies of the molar region were used for histological/histomorphometric analysis of new bone formations. Additionally, radiographically measured graft stability and clinical implant outcome were assessed.

Results

Twenty‐three sinus sites with 10 sinuses of the TG and 13 of the CG were ultimately available for data and statistical analysis. In the TG, a slightly, but yet significantly (p = .040) higher proportion of new bone formation (TG: 27.7 ± 5.6% vs. CG: 22.9 ± 5.1%) and a lesser (p = .019) amount of connective (non‐mineralized) tissue (TG: 47.5 ± 9.5% vs. CG: 56.1 ± 9.5%) was found than in the CG. However, both xenografts showed comparable (n.s.) residual bone graft (TG: 23.7 ± 7.2% vs. CG: 21.1 ± 9.85.6%), bone‐to‐graft contacts (TG: 26.2 ± 9.8% vs. CG: 30.8 ± 13.8%), similar graft height reduction over time (TG: 12.9 ± 6.7% CG: 12.4 ± 5.8%) and implant survival/success rate (100%). At the 3‐year post‐loading evaluation, the peri‐implant marginal bone loss (TG: 0.52 ± 0.19 mm; CG: 0.48 ± 0.15 mm) and the peri‐implant health conditions (TG: 87.5%/CG: 81.2%) did not differ between implants inserted in both xenografts used.

Conclusions

The use of DPBM or DBBM for maxillary sinus augmentation is associated with comparable bone formation providing stable graft dimension combined with healthy peri‐implant conditions.
A J‐shaped relationship between ketones and the risk of diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: New insights from a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Liu Ying , Wang Jingyu , Xu Fang , Zhang Shuang , Cui Shanshan , Li Yongmei , Wang Xiaoyu , Zheng Hui , Li Junfeng , Kong Yan , Yang Juhong , Jiang Xia , Chang Baocheng
Published: August 2023

Aim

To investigate the association between circulating β‐hydroxybutyric acid (βOHB) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) risk in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Materials and Methods

A total of 1388 patients with T2D were recruited. Participants were divided into high and normal βOHB groups. Participants in the normal βOHB group were divided into four subgroups according to βOHB quartile (Q). The relationships of βOHB with DKD and DKD subtype were analysed using chi‐square and binary logistic regression. Restricted cubic splines were used to explore the non‐linear correlation between βOHB concentration and DKD risk in the total population.

Results

A higher prevalence of DKD was detected in the high compared with the normal βOHB group (43.3% vs. 33.3%, P = .041). Participants in the Q4 group (βOHB, 0.12‐0.30 mM) had the lowest prevalence of DKD (P = .001). In the binary logistic regression model, the multivariable‐adjusted odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for DKD risk were 2.30 (1.62‐3.26) for Q1, 1.80 (1.23‐2.62) for Q2 and 1.63 (1.10‐2.41) for Q3 relative to Q4 (P < .001). Restricted cubic spline analyses suggested a J‐shaped association of circulating βOHB concentration with DKD risk. DKD risk was lowest at a serum βOHB concentration of 0.183 mM (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.52‐0.77).

Conclusions

A J‐shaped relationship between circulating ketone level and DKD risk in patients with T2D was determined. Circulating βOHB in the range of 0.12‐0.30 mM was associated with a lower risk of DKD. Further studies are warranted to verify the causality and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
ProGraME: A novel flow cytometry algorithm for the diagnosis of low‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes in patients with cytopenia
Authors: Therkelsen Jesper , Træden Dicte Wilhjelm , Schjødt Ida , Andersen Mette Klarskov , Sjö Lene Dissing , Hansen Jakob Werner , Grønbæk Kirsten , Dimopoulos Konstantinos
Published: August 2023

Objectives

Flow cytometry (FC) is, together with morphology, genetics, and cytogenetics, used in the diagnostic assessment of cytopenia, as its value in evaluating bone marrow dysplasia been highlighted by several studies. However, despite the development of algorithms and guidelines, there is still a lack of standardization of the FC assessment of bone marrow dysplasia.

Methods

By combining FC, together with morphological analysis and cytogenetic/molecular assessment in a training cohort of 209 patients, we created a novel score, ProGraME, which includes four parameters, each from a different cell lineage (Progenitor cells, Granulocytes, Monocytes, Erythroid precursors), solely based on relevant population gating. Points for ProGraME were attained for: lymphoid precursors ≤5% of all CD34+ cells (1.5 point); a granulocyte‐to‐lymphocyte side‐scatter ratio ≤6 (1 point); a monocyte CD33‐CV% ≥ 63 (2 points), and an erythroid precursor CD36‐CV% ≥ 65 (2 points).

Results

Using a cutoff of ≥2 as suggestive of dysplasia, ProGraME showed a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 81% in the training cohort and 95% and 75%, respectively, in an independent validation cohort of 159 patients. In addition, ProGraME had a very high negative predictive value of 97.1% and 97.8% in the training and validation cohorts, respectively, offering a useful tool for excluding bone marrow dysplasia. Finally, among the 23 CCUS patients that scored positive for dysplasia with ProGraME in the training cohort, 16 of them (69%) carried high‐risk mutations, suggesting that FC might help identify early changes of dysplasia.

Conclusions

ProGraME can potentially optimize the FC diagnosis of low‐risk myelodysplasia without minimal requirements of flow analysis other than accurate population gating.