bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association Between H. pylori Infection and Colorectal Polyps: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Lu Depeng , Wang Mingyu , Ke Xiquan , Wang Qiangwu , Wang Jianchao , Li Dapeng , Wang Meng , Wang Qizhi
Published: January 2022

Background

It has been suggested that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is associated with hypergastrinemia and proliferation of colorectal mucosa via direct stimulation, dysbiosis of the gut microbiome, and changes in the gut microbiome, all of which may lead to the formation of colorectal polyps. However, the consensus remains lacking regarding whether H. pylori infection is independently associated with colorectal polyps and whether the association differs according to histological type of colorectal polyps. To summarize the current evidence regarding the relationship between H. pylori infection and colorectal polyps, we conducted a meta-analysis of related observational studies according to the histological types of colorectal polyps.

Methods

Observational studies investigating the association between H. pylori infection and colorectal polyps using multivariate analyses were included by search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. A random-effects model was adopted to combine the results.

Results

Seventeen studies that include 322,395 participants were analyzed. It was shown that H. pylori infection was independently associated with overall colorectal polyps (odds ratio [OR]: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.24–2.24, p < 0.001; I2 = 73%). According to the histological type of colorectal polyps, H. pylori infection was independently associated with adenomatous polyps (APs; OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.47–1.99, p < 0.001; I2 = 86%), advanced APs (OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.56–2.73, p < 0.001; I2 = 0%), and hyperplastic polyps (HPs; OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.02–2.30, p = 0.04; I2 = 78%). Evidence based on only one study showed that H. pylori infection was not associated with sessile serrated polyps (SSPs; OR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.93–1.07, p = 0.99).

Conclusions

Current evidence from case-control and cross-sectional studies suggested that H. pylori infection was independently associated with colorectal APs, advanced APs, and HPs, but not with SSPs. These findings suggested H. pylori infection may be a possible risk factor of colorectal polyp, which is important for the prevention of colorectal polyp in the adult population.
Priorities Towards Fair Allocation of Ventilators During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Delphi Study
Authors: Ghamari Seyyed-Hadi , Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen , Zamani Nasim , Hassanian-Moghaddam Hossein , Kolahi Ali-Asghar
Published: January 2022

Background

COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in severe shortage in vital resources, including invasive mechanical ventilators. The current imbalance between demand and supply of mechanical ventilators has called for investigations on the fair allocation of mechanical ventilators.

Objective

To determine the priorities of the medical experts towards the fair allocation of ventilators during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

This study was conducted from May 28 to Aug 20, 2020. The questionnaire was sent to 50 medical specialists as the Delphi panel. Participants were asked to rate each prioritising factor: “−1” for low priority, “+1” for high priority, and “Zero” for equal priority.

Results

Among 38 experts who responded to the email, the responses of 35 were analysed. 31 (88.6%) participants recommended that pregnant women be considered high priority in allocating ventilators, 27 (77.1%) mothers of children <5 years, 26 (74.3%) patients under 80-years, and 23 (65.7%) front-line-healthcare-workers. In contrast, 28 (80.0) participants recommended that patients who are terminally ill should be considered as a low priority, 27 (77.1%) patients with active-malignancy, 25 (71.4%) neurodegenerative diseases, and 16 (45.7%) patients aged >80. The panel did not reach a consensus regarding the role of patients' laboratory profiles, underlying diseases, or drug abuse in the prioritisation of ventilators.

Conclusions

The panel considered pregnant mothers, mothers of children under 5 years, age groups younger than 80, and front-line healthcare workers to have high priority in allocating mechanical ventilators.
Emerging Clinical Features of COVID-19 Related Pancreatitis: Case Reports and Review of the Literature
Authors: Fiore Vito , Beretta Rosalba , De Vito Andrea , Barac Aleksandra , Maida Ivana , Joeseph Kelvin David David , Piu Claudia , Lai Vincenzo , Madeddu Giordano , Rubino Salvatore , Stevanovic Goran , Korica Stefan , Babudieri Sergio
Published: January 2022

Introduction

SARS-CoV-2 is fundamentally a respiratory pathogen with a wide spectrum of symptoms. The COVID-19 related pancreatitis is less considered than other clinical features. The purpose is to describe two cases of pancreatitis associated with COVID-19.

Methodology

Patients' demographics, clinical features, laboratory, and instrumental findings were collected.

Results

Two patients admitted to the hospital were diagnosed with COVID-19 and severe acute pancreatitis, according to the Atlanta criteria. Other causes of acute pancreatitis were excluded. Treatment included broad-spectrum antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors, and low molecular weight heparin. Steroids, oxygen, antifungal treatment, and pain killers were administered when appropriate. Both patients were asymptomatic, with normal vital parameters and blood exams, and were discharged in a good condition.

Conclusion

It is recommendable to include lipase and amylase on laboratory routine tests in order to evaluate the need for the abdominal CT-scan and specific therapy before hospital admission of the patients with COVID-19 related life-threatening acute pancreatitis.
Identification of Five Ferroptosis-Related LncRNAs as Novel Prognosis and Diagnosis Signatures for Renal Cancer
Authors: Shu Xiangjun , Zhang Zaiqi , Yao Zhi-Yong , Xing Xiao-Liang
Published: January 2022

Background: Ferroptosis is a novel regulated cell death that is characterized by iron-dependent oxidative damage. Renal cancer is the second most common cancer of the urinary system, which is highly correlated with iron metabolism. The aim of our present study was to identify suitable ferroptosis-related prognosis signatures for renal cancer.

Methods: We downloaded the RNA-seq count data of renal cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and used the DESeq2, Survival, and Cox regression analyses to screen the prognosis signatures.

Results: We identified 5 ferroptosis-related differentially expressed lncRNAs (FR-DELs) (DOCK8-AS1, SNHG17, RUSC1-AS1, LINC02609, and LUCAT1) to be independently correlated with the overall survival (OS) of patients with renal cancer. The risk assessment model and diagnosis model constructed by those 5 FR-DELs could well predict the outcome and the diagnosis of renal cancer.

Conclusion: Our present study not only suggested those 5 FR-DELs could be used as prognosis and diagnosis signatures for renal cancer but also provided strategies for other cancers in the screening of ferroptosis-related biomarkers.
Adhesion of Leukocytes to Cerebral Venules Precedes Neuronal Cell Death and Is Sufficient to Trigger Tissue Damage After Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Sienel Rebecca Isabella , Kataoka Hiroharu , Kim Seong-Woong , Seker Fatma Burcu , Plesnila Nikolaus
Published: January 2022

Background

Leukocytes contribute to tissue damage after cerebral ischemia; however, the mechanisms underlying this process are still unclear. This study investigates the temporal and spatial relationship between vascular leukocyte recruitment and tissue damage and aims to uncover which step of the leukocyte recruitment cascade is involved in ischemic brain injury.

Methods

Male wild-type, ICAM-1-deficient, anti-CD18 antibody treated, or selectin-deficient [fucusyltransferase (FucT IV/VII−/−)] mice were subjected to 60 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). The interaction between leukocytes and the cerebrovascular endothelium was quantified byin vivofluorescence microscopy up to 15 h thereafter. Temporal dynamics of neuronal cell death and leukocyte migration were assessed at the same time points and in the same tissue volume by histology.

Results

In wild-type mice, leukocytes started to firmly adhere to the wall of pial postcapillary venules two hours after reperfusion. Three hours later, neuronal loss started and 13 h later, leukocytes transmigrated into brain tissue. Loss of selectin function did not influence this process. Application of an anti-CD18 antibody or genetic deletion of ICAM-1, however, significantly reduced tight adhesion of leukocytes to the cerebrovascular endothelium (-60%;p< 0.01) and increased the number of viable neurons in the ischemic penumbra by 5-fold (p< 0.01); the number of intraparenchymal leukocytes was not affected.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that ischemia triggers only a transient adhesion of leukocytes to the venous endothelium and that inhibition of this process is sufficient to partly prevent ischemic tissue damage.
Real-World Healthcare Resource Utilization and Cost Burden Assessment for Adults With Generalized Myasthenia Gravis in the United States
Authors: Phillips Glenn , Abreu Catarina , Goyal Amit , Li Yuebing , Whangbo Albert , Gelinas Deborah , Brauer Edward , Bhattacharya Sankha
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Limited evidence exists for healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs associated with generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG), a rare autoimmune disorder, for adults in the United States.

Methods

Adults with ≥1 diagnostic claim for MG between 2014 and 2019 were identified using Symphony Health's Integrated Dataverse®. Using a novel algorithm, HCRU and costs over 12 months following index dates were evaluated for patients with gMG including those with exacerbation events. For patients who experienced crisis events, HCRU and costs were analyzed during the 36 months preceding, during, and 12 months following the events.

Results

Mean HCRU and costs were higher for newly diagnosed patients compared with previously diagnosed patients (hospitalizations: 0.46 vs. 0.34; all-cause costs: $26,419.20 vs. $24,941.47; direct costs for gMG treatments: $9,890.37 vs. $9,186.47) and further increased for patients with exacerbation events (hospitalizations: 0.72; all-cause costs: $43,734.15; direct costs for gMG treatments: $21,550.02). For patients who experienced crisis events, HCRU and costs markedly increased during the 12 months immediately before the crisis event (hospitalizations: 1.35; all-cause costs: $49,236.68) compared with the 2 preceding years and increased further during the 12 months following the crisis index date (hospitalizations: 2.78; all-cause costs: $173,956.99). Cost increases were, in large part, attributed to treatments received.

Discussion

New diagnosis, exacerbation, and crisis events were drivers of HCRU and cost for patients with gMG. Particularly, high costs of gMG-specific medications associated with intervention for exacerbation and crisis events contributed to increased all-cause costs.
Acupuncture Enhances Dorsal Raphe Functional Connectivity in Knee Osteoarthritis With Chronic Pain
Authors: Gao Nan , Shi Haiping , Hu Sheng , Zha Bixiang , Yuan Aihong , Shu Jianhua , Fan Yinqiu , Bai Jin , Xie Hongyu , Cui Jingcheng , Wang Xiaoxiao , Li Chuanfu , Qiu Bensheng , Yang Jun
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Knee osteoarthritis is a common disease in the elderly. Patients suffer from long-term chronic pain and reduced life quality. Acupuncture has been proven to be an effective treatment for KOA. However, the neural mechanism of acupuncture is unclear, so far. Periaqueductal gray (PAG) and raphe nuclei (RPN) are essential structures associated with chronic pain in human brains. This study aims to investigate functional connectivity (FC) changes of PAG and RPN in KOA to interpret the neural mechanism of acupuncture.

Methods

In 15 patients with KOA and 15 healthy controls (HC), we acquired Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores and resting-state fMRI images of each participant before and after acupuncture stimulation on EX-LE5 acupoint. Then, PAG and RPN were selected as seeds to perform FC analysis based on resting-state fMRI images. Finally, we compared FC patterns of PAG and RPN between patients with KOA and HC, then between pre-acupuncture and post-acupuncture. Correlations between FC values and VAS scores were calculated as well.

Results

For PAG, FC of patients with KOA was lower in the right lingual gyrus at post-acupuncture compared with HC (p <0.001, uncorrected). For dorsal RPN, FC of patients with KOA was significantly higher in right putamen at post-acupuncture compared with HC (p <0.001, corrected with FDR), and FC changes were significant between pre-acupuncture and post-acupuncture in patients with KOA. Post-acupuncture FC values between dorsal RPN and right putamen were correlated with VAS scores. For medial RPN, FC of patients with KOA was lower in the right cerebellum at post-acupuncture compared with HC (p <0.001, uncorrected), but no significant FC changes were found between pre-acupuncture and post-acupuncture in patients with KOA. FC values between medial RPN and right cerebellum were not correlated with VAS scores at pre-acupuncture and post-acupuncture.

Discussion

Our study demonstrated that acupuncture enhanced FC between dorsal RPN and the right putamen in patients with KOA, which was associated with chronic pain intensity. This result suggests that acupuncture stimulation can enhance FC between dorsal raphe and striatum, illustrating a neural mechanism that acupuncture can drive the patients' brain, with KOA, to perceive pain.
Time Interaction With Two Spatial Dimensions: From Left/Right to Near/Far
Authors: Candini Michela , D’Angelo Mariano , Frassinetti Francesca
Published: January 2022

In this study, we explored the time and space relationship according to two different spatial codings, namely, the left/right extension and the reachability of stimulus along a near/far dimension. Four experiments were carried out in which healthy participants performed the time and spatial bisection tasks in near/far space, before and after short or long tool-use training. Stimuli were prebisected horizontal lines of different temporal durations in which the midpoint was manipulated according to the Muller-Lyer illusion. The perceptual illusory effects emerged in spatial but not temporal judgments. We revealed that temporal and spatial representations dynamically change according to the action potentialities of an individual: temporal duration was perceived as shorter and the perceived line’s midpoint was shifted to the left in far than in near space. Crucially, this dissociation disappeared following a long but not short tool-use training. Finally, we observed age-related differences in spatial attention which may be crucial in building the memory temporal standard to categorize durations.
Neuron to Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Synapses: Protagonists in Oligodendrocyte Development and Myelination, and Targets for Therapeutics
Authors: Moura Daniela M. S. , Brennan Emma J. , Brock Robert , Cocas Laura A.
Published: January 2022

The development of neuronal circuitry required for cognition, complex motor behaviors, and sensory integration requires myelination. The role of glial cells such as astrocytes and microglia in shaping synapses and circuits have been covered in other reviews in this journal and elsewhere. This review summarizes the role of another glial cell type, oligodendrocytes, in shaping synapse formation, neuronal circuit development, and myelination in both normal development and in demyelinating disease. Oligodendrocytes ensheath and insulate neuronal axons with myelin, and this facilitates fast conduction of electrical nerve impulses via saltatory conduction. Oligodendrocytes also proliferate during postnatal development, and defects in their maturation have been linked to abnormal myelination. Myelination also regulates the timing of activity in neural circuits and is important for maintaining the health of axons and providing nutritional support. Recent studies have shown that dysfunction in oligodendrocyte development and in myelination can contribute to defects in neuronal synapse formation and circuit development. We discuss glutamatergic and GABAergic receptors and voltage gated ion channel expression and function in oligodendrocyte development and myelination. We explain the role of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission on oligodendrocyte proliferation, migration, differentiation, and myelination. We then focus on how our understanding of the synaptic connectivity between neurons and OPCs can inform future therapeutics in demyelinating disease, and discuss gaps in the literature that would inform new therapies for remyelination.
Study Protocol of a Prospective Multicenter Study on Patient Participation for the Clinical Trial: Surgery as Needed Versus Surgery on Principle in Post-Neoadjuvant Complete Tumor Response of Esophageal Cancer (ESORES)
Authors: Weis Joachim , Kiemen Andrea , Schmoor Claudia , Hipp Julian , Czornik Manuel , Reeh Matthias , Grimminger Peter P. , Bruns Christiane , Hoeppner Jens
Published: January 2022

Ideally, patient-centered trial information material encourages the discussion with the treating physician, and helps patients making trade-offs regarding treatment decisions In a situation of possible equivalent treatment options in terms of overall survival (OS), it can make it easier to weigh up advantages and disadvantages. Preferences for choice of treatment in esophageal cancer (EC) are complex, and no standardized assessment tools are available. We will explore patient’s factors for treatment choice and develop a comprehensive patient information leaflet for the inclusion into randomized controlled trials (RCT) on EC. We conduct a cross-sectional, observational study based on a mixed-methods design with patients suffering from non-metastatic EC with post-neoadjuvant complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT) or neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCRT), to develop patient-centered trial information material. This pilot study is performed in a concept development phase and a subsequent pilot phase. We start with patient interviews (n = 10–15) in the concept development phase to evaluate patients’ needs, and develop a Preference and Decision Aid Questionnaire (PDAQ). We pre-test the PDAQ with another n = 10 patients with EC after nCT or nCRT, former patients from a self-help organization, and n = 10 medical experts for their comments on the questionnaire. In the pilot phase, a multicenter trial using the PDAQ and additional measures is carried out (n = 120). Based on evidence of a possible equivalence in terms of OS of the treatment options “surgery as needed” and “surgery on principle” in patients with post-neoadjuvant complete response of EC, this pilot study on patient participation is conducted to assess patient’s needs and preferences, and optimize patients’ inclusion in a planned RCT. The aim is to develop patient-centered trial information material for the RCT to increase patients’ consent and compliance with the randomized treatment. The trial is registered at the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00022050, October 15, 2020).
The Effect and Safety of Iguratimod Combined With Methotrexate on Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Based on a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zeng Liuting , Yu Ganpeng , Yang Kailin , Hao Wensa , Chen Hua
Published: January 2022

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease with inflammatory synovitis. Iguratimod (IGU) combined with methotrexate (MTX) therapy may have better efficacy and safety.

Methods: First, we searched randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of IGU + MTX in the treatment of RA through literature databases (such as PubMed, Corkland Library, CNKI, etc.) and then conducted RCT quality assessment and data extraction. Finally, we used RevMan 5.3 for meta-analysis, STATA 15.0 for publication bias assessment, and GRADE tool for the evidence quality assessment of primary outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis were registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021220780).

Results: This systematic review and meta-analysis included 31 RCTs involving 2,776 patients. Compared with MTX alone, the ACR20, ACR50, and ACR70 of IGU + MTX are higher, while DAS28 is lower [ACR20: (RR 1.55, 95% CI 1.14–2.13, p = 0.006); ACR50: (RR 2.04, 95% CI 1.57–2.65, p < 0.00001); ACR70: (RR 2.19, 95% CI 1.44–3.34, p = 0.00003); DAS28: (weighted mean difference (WMD) −1.65, 95% CI −2.39 to −0.91, p < 0.0001)]. Compared with MTX + leflunomide, IGU + MTX has no significant difference in improving ACR20, ACR50, ACR70, but IGU + MTX improves DAS28 more significantly [ACR20: (RR 1.09, 95% CI 0.79–1.89, p = 0.59); ACR50: (RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.64–1.78, p = 0.81); ACR70: (RR 1.17, 95% CI 0.44–3.10, p = 0.76); DAS28: (WMD −0.40, 95% CI −0.42 to −0.38, p < 0.0001)]. Compared with the MTX + tripterygium subgroup and MTX-only subgroup, the incidence of adverse events of the IGU + MTX group is of no statistical significance [MTX only: (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.87–1.13, p = 0.90); MTX + Tripterygium: (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.29–1.85, p = 0.50)]. However, compared with MTX + leflunomide, the incidence of adverse events in the IGU + MTX group was lower (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.62–0.88, p = 0.0009). The quality of ACR70 was high; the quality of adverse events and ACR50 test was moderate.

Conclusion: Compared with conventional therapy, IGU + MTX may be a safer and more effective therapy for RA patients. When the intervention method is (IGU 25 mg Bid, MTX 10–25 mg once a week), and the intervention lasts for at least 12 weeks, the curative effect may be achieved without obvious adverse events.
Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Simulation of TQ-B3101 to Inform Dosing in Pediatric Patients With Solid Tumors
Authors: Yang Fen , Wu Huali , Bo Yunhai , Lu Ye , Pan Hong , Li Su , Lu Qin , Xie Simin , Liao Harry , Wang Bing
Published: January 2022

Background: TQ-B3101 is a novel kinase inhibitor currently in development for the treatment of advanced malignant solid tumor and relapsed or refractory ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma.

Methods: A population pharmacokinetic model was developed using data collected from a Phase 1 study and a Phase 2 study to characterize the pharmacokinetic of TQ-B3101 and its active metabolite (TQ-B3101M). The final model was used to optimize dosing of TQ-B3101 for pediatric patients (6-<18 years) with anaplastic large cell lymphoma.

Results: The pharmacokinetic of TQ-B3101 and TQ-B3101M was adequately described by a 1-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination for parent drug coupled with a 2-compartment model with time-dependent clearance for the metabolite. The clearance of TQ-B3101M decreased over time with a maximum fractional reduction of 0.41. The estimated apparent clearance and apparent volume of distribution of TQ-B3101 were 2850 L/h and 4200 L, respectively. The elimination half-life of TQ-B3101 was 1.0 h. The distribution and elimination half-lives of TQ-B3101M at steady state were 4.9 and 39.4 h, respectively. The projected exposure of TQ-B3101M in virtual pediatric population following the body surface area tiered dosing regimen was similar to that in children pediatric patients after the recommended pediatric dose of crizotinib (280 mg/m2 twice daily), an analog of TQ-B3101M.

Conclusion: A population pharmacokinetic model was developed to provide optimal dose of regimen for further development of TQ-B3101 in pediatric patients with anaplastic large cell lymphoma.
Different Monoclonal Antibodies in Myasthenia Gravis: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Song Zhaoming , Zhang Jie , Meng Jiahao , Jiang Guannan , Yan Zeya , Yang Yanbo , Chen Zhouqing , You Wanchun , Wang Zhong , Chen Gang
Published: January 2022

Background: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a common autoimmune disease with acquired neuromuscular transmission disorders. Recently, monoclonal antibodies have been shown to successfully treat a variety of diseases.

Methods: In this meta-analysis, an appropriate search strategy was used to search eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on different monoclonal antibodies to treat patients with MG published up to September 2021 from the embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library. We assessed the average difference or odds ratio between each drug and placebo and summarized them as the average and 95% confidence interval (CI), respectively.

Results: In indicators of efficacy, patients receiving eculizumab (MD, −1.9; 95% CI, −3.2–0.76) had decreases in MG-ADL scores compared to placebo. In addition, only eculizumab (MD, −3.1; 95% CI, −4.7–1.5) and efgartigimod (MD, −1.4; 95% CI, −2.1–0.68) showed a significant difference from placebo in the amount of reduction in QMG scores, while neither of the other two monoclonal antibodies was statistically significant. With regard to the safety of monoclonal antibody therapy, there was no significant difference in the probability of AE in subjects treated with any of the four monoclonal antibodies compared to placebo.

Conclusions: eculizumab was effective in reducing MG-ADL scores and QMG scores in myasthenia gravis. Meanwhile, eculizumab also caused fewer AE. As an emerging therapy, monoclonal antibodies are prospective in the treatment of MG. However, more researches are required to be invested in the future as the results obtained from small sample sizes are not reliable enough.
Safety of Cinnamon: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses and Systematic Reviews of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Gu Dan-Tong , Tung Tao-Hsin , Jiesisibieke Zhu Liduzi , Chien Ching-Wen , Liu Wen-Yi
Published: January 2022

Purpose: Many evidence-based studies have indicated that cinnamon has therapeutic effects. However, it may not be entirely safe and its adverse effects may be ignored. The present umbrella review was conducted to elucidate the safety of cinnamon.

Methods: Pertinent meta-analyses and systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials on cinnamon use in humans were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from their inception to September 15, 2021. All meta-analyses and systematic reviews on the safety or adverse effects of cinnamon were considered. PRISMA 2020 was used as the standard of reporting (PRISMA registration ID: 286746).

Results: We identified three meta-analyses and one systematic review that described the safety of cinnamon. The quality of the meta-analysis and systematic reviews was evaluated using “Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews.” Their quality was rated as low in two (50%) instances and moderate in two (50%). There were no significant toxic- or side effects between cinnamon group and placebo group regardless of dose and duration.

Conclusion: There is evidence to support that the use of cinnamon has no adverse reactions. It can improve the health status of patients as an adjuvant treatment. Future studies exploring better profile risks and protective factors for cinnamon use-related adverse effect are needed, in order that preventive approaches can be developed.
Long-Term Hypoxia Negatively Influences Ca2+ Signaling in Basilar Arterial Myocytes of Fetal and Adult Sheep
Authors: Reid Casey , Romero Monica , Chang Stephanie B. , Osman Noah , Puglisi Jose L. , Wilson Christopher G. , Blood Arlin B. , Zhang Lubo , Wilson Sean M.
Published: January 2022

Cerebral arterial vasoreactivity is vital to the regulation of cerebral blood flow. Depolarization of arterial myocytes elicits whole-cell Ca2+ oscillations as well as subcellular Ca2+ sparks due to activation of ryanodine receptors on the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Previous evidence illustrates that contraction of cerebral arteries from sheep and underlying Ca2+ signaling pathways are modified by age and that long-term hypoxia (LTH) causes aberrations in Ca2+ signaling pathways and downstream effectors impacting vasoregulation. We hypothesize that age and LTH affect the influence of membrane depolarization on whole-cell intracellular Ca2+ oscillations and sub-cellular Ca2+ spark activity in cerebral arteries. To test this hypothesis, we examined Ca2+ oscillatory and spark activities using confocal fluorescence imaging techniques of Fluo-4 loaded basilar arterial myocytes of low- and high-altitude term fetal (∼145 days of gestation) and adult sheep, where high-altitude pregnant and non-pregnant sheep were placed at 3,801 m for >100 days. Ca2+ oscillations and sparks were recorded using an in situ preparation evaluated in the absence or presence of 30 mM K+ (30K) to depolarize myocytes. Myocytes from adult animals tended to have a lower basal rate of whole-cell Ca2+ oscillatory activity and 30K increased the activity within cells. LTH decreased the ability of myocytes to respond to depolarization independent of age. These observations illustrate that both altitude and age play a role in affecting whole-cell and localized Ca2+ signaling, which are important to arterial vasoreactivity and cerebral blood flow.
Efficacy of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Reducing Suicidal Ideation in Depression: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cui Yanan , Fang Haijian , Bao Cui , Geng Wanyue , Yu Fengqiong , Li Xiaoming
Published: January 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to systematically review the efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment in reducing suicidal ideation in depression.

Methods

PubMed, Web of Science, CBMdisc, WanFang, Chongqing VIP, and CNKI databases were electronically searched for randomized controlled trials of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) intervention in the management of suicidal ideation from inception to February 24, 2021. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed the quality of included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed using STATA 15.1 software.

Results

A total of eight articles involving 566 patients were included. The meta-analysis results showed that the suicidal ideation scores of the group who received TMS treatment were significantly lower [standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.415, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.741 to −0.090, P = 0.012] than those of the control group. Subgroup analysis showed that age, TMS pattern, frequency of intervention, and stimulation threshold altered the TMS efficacy.

Conclusions

Evidence showed that TMS achieved superior results in reducing suicidal ideation. Because of the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high-quality studies are required to verify the conclusions.

Systematic Review Registration

https://inplasy.com/, identifier: INPLASY202180065.
Features of Psychotic Symptoms in Methamphetamine Use Disorder Patients and Ketamine Use Disorder Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Luo Tao , Xiao Meng , Qi Chang , Wu Qiuxia , Tang Jinsong , Liao Yanhui
Published: January 2022

Background

Methamphetamine and ketamine are commonly used club drugs. Both of them have been reported to mimic psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia. However, the prevalence and detailed features of psychotic symptoms among methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) and ketamine use disorder (KUD) patients are largely unknown. This study aimed to measure psychotic symptoms among patients with MUD and KUD.

Methods

A total sample of 842 patients from voluntary drug rehabilitation centers, including 462 MUD patients and 380 KUD patients, were invited to this study. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was applied to assess psychotic symptoms in these two groups of patients.

Results

The prevalence of psychotic symptoms was significantly higher among MUD patients than KUD patients (75.1 vs. 50.5%, 95% CI: 3.532 – 11.858, p < 0.001). Compared with KUD patients, MUD patients were more likely to experience positive symptoms (PANSS positive scores: 11.5 ± 6.07 vs. 15.1 ± 8.22, P < 0.001) and negative symptoms (PANSS negative scores: 12.4 ± 6.60 vs. 14.5 ± 8.63, P < 0.001), but not general symptoms (PANSS general scores: 31.2 ± 13.90 vs. 32.2 ± 15.13, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The current study found that more than half of MUD and KUD patients experienced psychotic symptoms, and that patients with MUD are more likely to experience positive and negative symptoms than patients with KUD. The findings provide a new perspective for exploring the neuropathological mechanism of psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia.
Medication Adherence and Influencing Factors Among Patients With Severe Mental Disorders in Low-Income Families During COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Wang Huiying , Yao Fengju , Wang Hailing , Wang Changhong , Guo Zhengjun
Published: January 2022

Background

The COVID-19 has spread across the globe in a short time and affected people's life, especially patients with severe mental disorders. Poor adherence to antipsychotics was usually associated with an increasing risk of relapse. This study investigated medication adherence status among patients with severe mental disorders in low-income families during COVID-19 outbreak and the influencing factors.

Methods

To select patients with severe mental disorders in low-income families in central China's Henan Province, we used multi-stage stratified random sampling method. Trained interviewers and psychiatrists collected questionnaire responses from the patients through face-to-face interviews or video interviews. Logistic regression models were used to examine factors that influence the status of medication adherence.

Results

A total of 24,763 valid questionnaires were collected between March 10, 2020, and March 31, 2020. The regular medication rate of patients with severe mental disorders in low-income families during the COVID-19 outbreak was 51.46%. Twelve factors were found to influence medication adherence of investigated individuals. Positive factors for regular medication were younger age, higher education level of patients and their guardians, higher medical expenditure, higher level of self-care ability, having subsidies for care and supervision, having disability certificate and personal care, etc.

Conclusions

The COVID-19 outbreak affected the medication adherence among patients with severe mental disorders in low-income families. The influencing factors are complicated and diverse, including psychological effects, traffic impact, and economy, etc. The government should pay more efforts on social assistance programs and flexibly deal with difficulties during public health emergencies like the COVID-19.
Epidemiological Characteristics and Transmissibility for SARS-CoV-2 of Population Level and Cluster Level in a Chinese City
Authors: Yu Shanshan , Cui Shufeng , Rui Jia , Zhao Zeyu , Deng Bin , Liu Chan , Li Kangguo , Wang Yao , Yang Zimei , Li Qun , Chen Tianmu , Wang Shan
Published: January 2022

Background

To date, there is a lack of sufficient evidence on the type of clusters in which severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is most likely to spread. Notably, the differences between cluster-level and population-level outbreaks in epidemiological characteristics and transmissibility remain unclear. Identifying the characteristics of these two levels, including epidemiology and transmission dynamics, allows us to develop better surveillance and control strategies following the current removal of suppression measures in China.

Methods

We described the epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and calculated its transmissibility by taking a Chinese city as an example. We used descriptive analysis to characterize epidemiological features for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence database from 1 Jan 2020 to 2 March 2020 in Chaoyang District, Beijing City, China. The susceptible-exposed-infected-asymptomatic-recovered (SEIAR) model was fitted with the dataset, and the effective reproduction number (Reff) was calculated as the transmissibility of a single population. Also, the basic reproduction number (R0) was calculated by definition for three clusters, such as household, factory and community, as the transmissibility of subgroups.

Results

The epidemic curve in Chaoyang District was divided into three stages. We included nine clusters (subgroups), which comprised of seven household-level and one factory-level and one community-level cluster, with sizes ranging from 2 to 17 cases. For the nine clusters, the median incubation period was 17.0 days [Interquartile range (IQR): 8.4–24.0 days (d)], and the average interval between date of onset (report date) and diagnosis date was 1.9 d (IQR: 1.7 to 6.4 d). At the population level, the transmissibility of the virus was high in the early stage of the epidemic (Reff = 4.81). The transmissibility was higher in factory-level clusters (R0 = 16) than in community-level clusters (R0 = 3), and household-level clusters (R0 = 1).

Conclusions

In Chaoyang District, the epidemiological features of SARS-CoV-2 showed multi-stage pattern. Many clusters were reported to occur indoors, mostly from households and factories, and few from the community. The risk of transmission varies by setting, with indoor settings being more severe than outdoor settings. Reported household clusters were the predominant type, but the population size of the different types of clusters limited transmission. The transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 was different between a single population and its subgroups, with cluster-level transmissibility higher than population-level transmissibility.
Cooperative Research and Infectious Disease Surveillance: A 2021 Epilogue
Authors: Parekh Falgunee K. , Hay John , Tabynov Kairat , Hewson Roger , Fair Jeanne M. , Essbauer Sandra , Yeh Kenneth B.
Published: January 2022

As the world looks forward to turning a corner in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, it becomes increasingly evident that international research cooperation and dialogue is necessary to end this global catastrophe. Last year, we initiated a research topic: “Infectious Disease Surveillance: Cooperative Research in Response to Recent Outbreaks, Including COVID-19,” which aimed at featuring manuscripts focused on the essential link between surveillance and cooperative research for emerging and endemic diseases, and highlighting scientific partnerships in countries under-represented in the scientific literature. Here we recognize the body of work published from our manuscript call that resulted in over 50 published papers. This current analysis describes articles and authors from a variety of funded and unfunded international sources. The work exemplifies successful research and publications which are frequently cooperative, and may serve as a basis to model further global scientific engagements.
Hydrosol Scattering Matrix Inversion Across a Fresnel Boundary
Authors: Foster Robert , Gray Deric J. , Koestner Daniel , El-Habashi Ahmed , Bowles Jeffrey
Published: January 2022

We exhibit a proof-of-concept laboratory study for inversion of the partial Mueller scattering matrix of hydrosols from polarimetric observations across a smooth Fresnel boundary. The method is able to derive the 9 Mueller matrix elements relating to linear polarization for scattering angles between 70 and 110°. Unlike prior studies of this nature, we utilize measurements from a hyper-angular polarimeter designed for passive remote sensing applications to derive the Mueller matrix, and tailor the polarimetric data reduction approach accordingly. We show agreement between the inversion results and theoretical Mueller matrices for Rayleigh scattering and Mie theory. The method is corroborated by measurements made with a commercial LISST-VSF instrument. Challenges and opportunities for use of the technique are discussed.
How has the University Community Been Coping During the COVID-19 Pandemic? An Iranian Survey
Authors: Ahmadi Fereshteh , Cetrez Önver A. , Akhavan Sharareh , Khodayarifard Mohammad , Zandi Saeid
Published: January 2022

Objectives: The present study, one of the first to look at COVID-19 and coping in Iran, aimed at mapping, describing and understanding the coping methods academics employ as protective resources to deal with the psychological challenges and social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. We specifically aimed at identifying the meaning-making coping methods used and understanding the influence of culture. The guiding research question has been: Are there differences in meaning-making coping methods by gender, age group, work/student status, and place of residence?

Design: The study, which used convenience sampling, was a quantitative inquiry. It employed a modified version of the RCOPE scale among faculty/staff members and students in Iran (n = 196, 75% women).

Results: The most frequently used coping method among all subgroups of the study sample was thinking that life is part of a greater whole, followed by praying to Allah/God. The least used coping methods were the negative religious ones. Gender differences were found for being alone and contemplating, stronger for men. Thinking that life is part of a greater whole was found mainly among on-campus students. Praying to Allah/God was most common among the youngest staff and students, as well as among women. Two segments of respondents were discovered—the Theists and Non-theists—where the former used more religious coping methods, were more likely to be women, older staff and students, on-campus students, married, have children, and lived in capital.

Conclusions: Our conclusion is that the RCOPE methods, which include religious and spiritual meaning-making methods, are of great importance to the studied Iranian informants. However, they use some secular existential meaning-making coping strategies too. This is explained by the role of religion in the larger orientation system and frame of reference in parallel with a secular worldview. Further, a sharp distinction between religious and secular worldviews was not found, which is explained by the fact that secular norms are hardly internalized in ways of thinking in Iran.
Systematic Review of the Pharmacological Evidence for the Selection of Antimicrobials in Bacterial Infections of the Central Nervous System in Dogs and Cats
Authors: Hertzsch Robert , Richter Angelika
Published: January 2022

Bacterial meningitis in dogs and cats is a rare disease associated with a high lethality rate. The spectrum of causative bacteria includes a diverse set of gram positive, gram negative and anaerobic species. Currently, no veterinary medicinal product is approved for this indication in these species in Europe. The objective of this review was to collect the available pharmacokinetic data for antibiotics approved in dogs and cats to enable a preliminary analysis of their potential effectiveness for the treatment of bacterial meningitis. This analysis yielded data for 13 different antibiotics in dogs and two in cats. Additionally, data about frequently recommended cephalosporines not approved in dogs and cats were included. The collected data was used to assess the potential of the respective antibiotics to attain certain simple pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) indexes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A more sophisticated investigation using modern methods was not possible due to the limited data available. For this purpose, data about the sensitivity of four bacterial species commonly associated with meningitis in dogs and cats to these antibiotics were included. The analysis provided evidence for the potential effectiveness of ampicillin, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, ceftriaxone and cefoxitin against bacteria frequently detected in bacterial meningitis in dogs. Data were not available or insufficient for the assessment of several antibiotics, including frequently recommended substances like metronidazole and trimethoprim-sulphonamide. Little evidence is available for the use of antibiotics in cats afflicted with this disease, highlighting the need for further research to obtain data for evidence based therapeutic recommendations.
On the Incipient Indicial Lift of Thin Wings in Subsonic Flow: Acoustic Wave Theory with Unsteady Three-Dimensional Effects
Authors: Berci Marco
Published: January 2022

Enhanced approximate expressions for the incipient indicial lift of thin wings in subsonic potential flow are presented in this study, featuring explicit analytical corrections for the unsteady downwash. Lifting-line and acoustic-wave theories form the basis of the method, within an effective synthesis of the governing physics, which grants a consistent generalised framework and unifies previous works. The unsteady flow perturbation consists of a step-change in angle of attack or a vertical sharp-edged gust. The proposed model is successfully evaluated against numerical results in the literature for the initial airload development of elliptical and rectangular wings with a symmetric aerofoil, considering several aspect ratios and Mach numbers. While nonlinear downwash and compressibility terms demonstrate marginal (especially for the case of a travelling gust), both linear and nonlinear geometrical effects from a significant taper ratio, sweep angle or curved leading-edge are found to be more important than linear downwash corrections (which are crucial for the circulation growth at later times instead, along with linear compressibility corrections). The present formulae may then be used as a rigorous reduced-order model for validating higher-fidelity tools and complex simulations in industrial practice, as well as for estimating parametric sensitivities of unsteady aerodynamic loads within the preliminary design of aircraft wings in the subsonic regime.
E-Commerce and SME Performance: The Moderating Influence of Entrepreneurial Competencies
Authors: Hussain Arsalan , Akbar Minhas , Shahzad Arfan , Poulova Petra , Akbar Ahsan , Hassan Rohail
Published: January 2022

This research aims to examine the mediating role of the use of the e-commerce and moderating influence of entrepreneurial competencies on the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The study data were collected via a structured questionnaire comprised of a seven-point Likert scale from practitioners serving at the top and middle-level positions in Pakistani SMEs. The Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) technique was applied on 250 useable returned questionnaires. The results showed that the association between the use of e-commerce and firm performance is positively significant. Moreover, the use of e-commerce mediates the positive association between technological readiness, adoption cost, and firm performance. However, the moderating role of entrepreneurial competencies does not appear as significant between the use of e-commerce and manufacturing SMEs’ performance. The present study is the first to explore entrepreneurial competencies as a moderator between e-commerce adoption and firm performance. The empirical outcomes of this research provide useful theoretical and practical implications for the managers and practitioners to understand the underlying factors for the successful implementation of e-commerce in the SME sector to enhance firm performance.