bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RIB studies for explosive scenarios and future opportunities at FRIB
Authors: Wrede C.
Published: December 2020

An accreting compact star in a binary system can generate periodic thermonuclear runaways on its surface. In the case of a white dwarf star, the result is a classical nova, which enriches the interstellar medium with newly synthesized nuclides. In the case of a neutron star, a detectable burst of X-rays is emitted. Nucleosynthesis and energy generation in these events depends on resonant thermonuclear reaction rates, which are especially challenging to measure directly in the laboratory when they involve radioactive reactants. Fortunately, the resonances can be discovered and their relevant properties can be constructed using nuclear structure experiments. We will describe a program of beta decay experiments the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory to this end. In particular, the Gaseous Detector with Germanium Tagging (GADGET) system, developed to measure very weak low-energy beta delayed proton emission branches and gamma rays, is now operational. Recent results and future opportunities at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams will be discussed.
High energy alpha particle emission as a challenging mechanism for synthesis of very heavy nuclei
Authors: Borcea C. , Penionzhkevich Yu. E. , Lukyanov S.
Published: December 2020

Two experiments made with the MSP144 stepped pole magnetic spectrometer of FLNR-JINR Dubna measured the energy spectra of α particles emitted at zero degree (collinear kinematic) in the reactions 40Ar(220 MeV) + 232Th and 48Ca(270 MeV) + 238U. The study was pursued up to the maximum energy the alpha particles may have in a two-body reaction, without excitation of the reaction partners, the so-called kinematic limit. The observed cross sections in the vicinity of the kinematic limits were of the order of μb. In the indicated reactions, the heavy partners of the recorded alpha particles in the exit channel were respectively 268Sg and 282Db. At the kinematic limit, the heavy partners have excitation energies close to zero, therefore a high probability to survive.
Influence of the curvature correction to the surface tension on nuclear fragmentation at intermediate energy head-on heavy ion collisions
Authors: Cherevko K. V. , Bulavin L. A. , Sysoev V. M.
Published: December 2020

Hydrodynamic model of the ”doughnut”-like structures formation in the head-on heavy ion collisions at intermediate energies is analyzed. Modification of the model is suggested to include the curvature correction to the surface tension coefficient. It is shown that accounting for the curvature correction changes the overall reaction time, maximum size of the system and the number of fragments. The results obtained show good correspondence with the results of the transport theory calculations and experimental data for the number of fragments and spreading size. The conducted analysis suggests that accounting for the curvature correction to the surface tension coefficient is essential when studying the dynamics of the system in the heavy ion collisions.
Sensitivity of one-neutron knockout of halo nuclei to their nuclear structure
Authors: Hebborn Chloê , Capel Pierre
Published: December 2020

Halo nuclei are located far from stability and exhibit a very peculiar structure. Due to their very short lifetime, they are often studied through reactions. Breakup reactions are of particular interest since their cross sections are large for these loosely-bound nuclei. Inclusive measurements of breakup–also called knockout reactions-have even higher statistics. In this proceeding, we study which nuclear-structure information can be inferred from the parallel-momentum distribution of the core of one-neutron halo nuclei after the knockout of its halo neutron. In particular, we analyse the influence of the ground-state wavefunction, the presence of excited states within the halo-nucleus spectrum and resonances in the core-neutron continuum. Our analysis shows that such observables are sensitive to the tail of the ground-state wavefunction. The presence of excited state decreases the breakup strength, and this flux is transferred to the inelastic-scattering channel. This indicates a conservation of the flux within each partial wave. We also show that the parallel-momentum distributions are insensitive to the existence of resonances within the continuum, they can thus be ignored in practice. This independence of the continuum argues that the parallel-momentum distributions are ideal observables to extract very precisely the ANCs of halo nuclei.
Alpha-particle production in the 6He+120Sn collision
Authors: Lichtenthäler R. , Appannababu S. , Alvarez M. A. G. , Rodríguez-Gallardo M. , Lépine-Szily A. , Pires K.C.C. , Santos O.C.B. , Umbelino U. , de Faria P.N. , Guimarães V. , Zevallos E.O.N. , Scarduelli V. , Assunção M. , Shorto J.M.B. , Barioni A. , Alcántara-Núñez J. , Morcelle V. , Serra A.
Published: December 2020

Alpha particle energy distributions in the 6He+120Sn collision have been measured at 7 bombarding energies above the Coulomb barrier. A phenomenological analysis of the centroids of the experimental distributions was performed and compared with the expected alpha-particle energies from breakup and neutron transfer reactions. Q-optimum conditions were determined using the Brinks formula for the di-neutron transfer reaction. A comparison of the measured alpha-particle production cross-sections with Continuum Discretized Coupled Channels (CDCC) calculations for breakup is presented.
Study of the scattering of 15C at energies around the Coulomb barrier
Authors: Ovejas J D , Knyazev A , Martel I , Tengblad O , Borge M J G , Cederkall J , Keeley N , Rusek K , García-Ramos C , Pérez T , Acosta L A , Arokiaraj A A , Babo M , Cap T , Ceylan N , Angelis G De , Pietro A Di , Fernández J P , Figuera P , Fraile L , Fynbo H , Galaviz D , Jensen J H , Jonson B , Kotak R , Kurtukian T , Madurga M , Marquínez-Durán G , Munch M , Orduz A K , Honório R , Pakou A , Peralta L , Perea A , Raabe R , Renaud M , Riisager K , Sánchez-Benítez A M , Sánchez-Segovia J , Sgouros O , Soukeras V , Teubig P , Viñals S , Wolinska-Cichocka M , Wolski R , Yang J
Published: December 2020

The neutron rich carbon isotope 15C is the only known case of an almost “pure” 2s1/2 single-neutron halo ground state configuration. At collision energies around the Coulomb barrier the reaction dynamics is expected to be dominated by single neutron transfer and breakup. To investigate these effects, we have measured the scattering of 15C with a 208Pb target at 65 MeV at the HIE-ISOLDE facility in CERN (Geneva, Switzerland). The preliminary data demonstrates the presence of a strong long-range absorption pattern in the angular distribution of the elastic cross section. The results are discussed in the framework of Optical Model calculations.
Direct processes for the systems 7Be,8B + 208Pb at Coulomb barrier energies
Authors: Mazzocco M , Keeley N , Boiano A , Boiano C , Commara M La , Lagni A , Manea C , Parascandolo C , Pierroutsakou D , Signorini C , Strano E , Torresi D , Yamaguchi H , Kahl D , Acosta L , Meo Di , Fernandez-Garcia J P , Glodariu T , Grebosz J , Guglielmetti A , Hirayama Y , Imai N , Ishiyama H , Iwasa N , Jeong S C , Jia H M , Kim Y H , Kimura S , Kubono S , Rana G La , Lin C J , Lotti P , Marquínez-Duran G , Martel I , Miyatake H , Mukai M , Nakao T , Nicoletto M , Pakou A , Rusek K , Sakaguchi Y , Sánchez-Benítez A M , Sava T , Sgouros O , Soukeras V , Soramel F , Stiliaris E , Stroe L , Teranishi T , Toniolo N , Wakabayashi Y , Watanabe Y X , Yang L , Yang Y Y , Zhang H Q
Published: December 2020

The elastic scattering process for the nuclear reactions induced by the Radioactive Ion Beams 7Be and 8B on a 208Pb target was measured for the first time in the energy range around the Coulomb barrier. Extensive theoretical calculations within the framework of the optical model were performed. An excellent agreement between experimental data and theoretical predictions was achieved for the reaction 7Be + 208Pb, while a comprehensive understanding of the reaction dynamics induced by the more exotic projectile 8B is still far to be reached. Predictions of the cross section for the breakup for both systems will also be given.
Reaction Theory and Advanced CDCC
Authors: Moro A.M. , Casal J. , Lei Jin , Gómez-Ramos M.
Published: December 2020

The Continuum-Discretized Coupled-Channels (CDCC) has been successfully employed to describe elastic and breakup of nuclear reactions induced by weakly bound projectiles. In this contribution, we review some other, less widespread applications of the CDCC wavefunction, some of them in combination with other reaction formalisms, which are being currently employed in the analysis of reactions involving three or more fragments in the initial or final state.
A clear signature of the breakup modes for 9Be on a proton target at 5.6 MeV/nucleon
Authors: Pakou A , Sgouros O , Soukeras V , Cappuzzello F , Acosta L , Agodi C , Boiano A , Calabrese S , Carbone D , Cavallaro M , Deshmukh N N , Foti A , Hacisalihoglou A , Keeley N , Commara M La , Martel I , Mazzocco M , Muoio A , Parascandolo C , Pierroutsakou D , Rusek K , Sanchez-Benítez A M , Santagati G , Souliotis G , Spatafora A , Strano E , Torresi D , Trzcinska A
Published: December 2020

The breakup of 9Be is studied via an inelastic scattering experiment on a proton target at 5.6 A MeV in inverse kinematics. Two of the three cluster constituents (α and α) as well as the proton target recoil were recorded in a triple coincidence mode allowing a full kinematics approach analysis. In this respect relative α - α and α - n, Q-value and 9Be excitation spectra, energy spectra for all fragments as well as the energy spectrum of the recoil proton were reconstructed. A clear signature of the two breakup sequential modes (5He + 4He and 8Be + n) was identified via the recoiling proton reconstructed spectra together with the direct breakup decay. A strong 5He + 4He mode was observed compatible with previous beta decay experiments.
An application of chiral forces with the semi-local regularization in momentum space to the deuteron photodisintegration process
Authors: Urbanevych V. , Golak J. , Skibiński R. , Witała H.
Published: December 2020

A recent paper by P. Reinert et al. [Eur. Phys. J. A54, 86 (2018)] showed a possibility of improving chiral nucleon-nucleon potential models by employing a semi-local regularization in momentum space. The authors derived nucleon-nucleon potentials with this kind of regularization completely up to the fifth order of the chiral expansion and considered additionally some contact interactions which appear at the sixth order. Such a chiral interaction has never been applied to study electromagnetic processes in two- or three-nucleon systems. Here we continue our research of photodisintegration processes, now using the improved chiral force. In particular, we discuss our predictions for the deuteron photodisintegration reaction in the photon energy range up to 100 MeV. The results of our calculations reveal that the new potential yields predictions characterized by a weaker dependence on the regularization parameter and faster convergence with respect to the chiral expansion order compared to the older chiral potentials.
Interplay between single particle and collective excitation in 49V
Authors: Bisoi Abhijit , Sapkota Y. , Adhikari A. , Gupta A. , Das A. , Ghosh H. , Rahaman R. , Sarkar S. , Pramanik D. , Das S. , Sharma S. , Ray S. , Dar S. , Nandi S. , Bhattacharya S. , Bhattacharjee T. , Mukherjee G. , Bhattacharyya S. , Samanta S. , Das S. , Chatterjee S. , Raut R. , Ghugre S. S.
Published: December 2020

High spin states of 49V populated through 48Ti(4He, 2np)49V reaction with 48 MeV 4He beam, have been studied using the Indian National Gamma Array (INGA) facility. The relative intensities, RDCO and polarization measurements have been carried out for a few transitions in 49V. The level lifetimes have been extracted for a few negative parity yrast levels using Doppler shift attenuation method. Large basis shell model calculations have been performed to understand the microscopic structure of these levels.
Mirror energy differences as a probe into neutron skin evolution
Authors: Boso A. , Lenzi S. M. , Recchia F. , Bonnard J. , Zuker A. P.
Published: December 2020

Experimental information on charge nuclear radii is limited to ground or isomeric states in stable nuclei; the measurement of neutron radii is even more challenging. In this contribution we present an innovative approach which gives direct insight into the nuclear radii of excited states from the study of Mirror energy differences (MED). MED are a direct consequence of isospin symmetry breaking and their study has proved to give precious information on different nuclear structure features. We report the results of an experiment performed in GANIL to study the MED in rotational bands in mirror nuclei 23Mg–23Na. State-of-the-art shell model calculations have been performed to interpret the data. This allowed to extract information on the evolution of the nuclear skin along excited states and its correlation with the difference between neutron and proton occupation numbers of the s1/2
orbital.
Experimental study of lifetimes of excited states in the Kπ = 0− octupole band and γ-vibrational band in 228Th
Authors: Chishti M.M.R. , O’Donnell D. , Battaglia G. , Bowry M. , Jaroszynski D.A. , Singh B.S. Nara , Scheck M. , Spagnoletti P. , Smith J. F.
Published: December 2020

Lifetimes of excited states in the Kπ
= 0− octupole band and γ-vibrational of 228Th have been measured using the fast timing setup at the University of the West of Scotland (UWS). The setup consists of two cerium doped LaBr3 fast scintillators placed equidistant from the radioactive source 232Th. The states of interest have been analysed by doing the triple γ – γ – time coincidence analysis and using the fast-timing technique, mirror-symmetric centroid difference method. Octupole collectivity in 228Th nucleus is also investigated by calculating the enhanced electric dipole moments and transition rates in excited states followed by lifetime measurements in octupole band.
Short-range correlations for 0νββ decay and low-momentum NN potentials
Authors: Coraggio L , Itaco N , Mancino R
Published: December 2020

We approach the calculation of the nuclear matrix element of the neutrinoless double-β decay process, considering the light-neutrino-exchange channel, by way of the realistic shell-model. In particular the focus of our work is spotted on the role of the short-range correlations, which should be taken into account because of the short-range repulsion of the realistic potentials. Our shell-model wave functions are calculated using an effective Hamiltonian derived from the high-precision CD-Bonn nucleon-nucleon potential, the latter renormalized by way of the so-called Vlow-k approach. The renormalization procedure decouples the repulsive high-momentum component of the potential from the low-momentum ones by the introduction of a cutoff Λ, and is employed to renormalize consistently the two-body neutrino potentials to calculate the nuclear matrix elements of candidates to this decay process in mass interval ranging from A = 76 up to A = 136. We study the dependence of the decay operator on the choice of the cutoff, and compare our results with other approaches that can be found in present literature.
Disentangling decaying isomers and searching for signatures of collective excitations in β decay
Authors: Guadilla V. , Fallot M. , Algora A. , Tain J. L. , Agramunt J. , Äystö J. , Briz J. A. , Cucoanes A. , Eronen T. , Estienne M. , Fraile L. M. , Ganioğlu E. , Gelletly W. , Gorelov D. , Hakala J. , Jokinen A. , Jordan D. , Kankainen A. , Kolhinen V. , Koponen J. , Lebois M. , Meur L. Le , Martinez T. , Monserrate M. , Montaner-Pizá A. , Moore I. , Nácher E. , Orrigo S. E. A. , Penttilä H. , Pohjalainen I. , Porta A. , Reinikainen J. , Reponen M. , Rinta-Antila S. , Rubio B. , Rytkönen K. , Shiba T. , Sonnenschein V. , Sonzogni A. A. , Valencia E. , Vedia V. , Voss A. , Wilson J. N. , Zakari-Issoufou A.-A.
Published: December 2020

In this contribution we summarize the recent study of the β decay of neutron-rich nuclei with isomeric states close in energy to the ground states. The disentanglement of each pair of β-decaying states was achieved by applying different strategies and using the purification capabilities of the JYFLTRAP double Penning trap system at the Ion Guide Isotope Separator On-Line facility in Jyväskylä. The Total Absorption γ-ray Spectroscopy technique was employed to determine the β intensity probabilities populating the excited states in the daughter nuclei. Previously undetected β intensity was found and we have already evaluated the impact of part of these results on reactor summation calculations. The possibility to populate states associated with the Pygmy Dipole Resonance in the β decay of 96gsY has also been investigated thanks to the sensitivity of our technique to high-lying strength in the daughter nuclei.
Tetrahedral intrinsic structure of Oxygen-16 revisited
Authors: Halcrow C J , Manton N S
Published: December 2020

A model for vibrational and rotational excitations of an intrinsic tetrahedral structure of the Oxygen-16 nucleus has been investigated, building on classic work of Wheeler, Dennison and Robson. Tetrahedral A- and F-phonons are treated harmonically, but the E-phonon dynamics is extended to dynamics on an E-manifold of configurations of four α-particles. This allows for tunnelling between the tetrahedral configuration and its dual, through a square configuration, and lifts the parity doubling that would otherwise occur. Unlike in earlier models, including the algebraic cluster model, the E-phonon frequency is taken to be about half the F-phonon frequency, which in turn is about half the A-phonon frequency. As a result, the first-excited 0+ state is a 2-phonon, E-manifold excitation, whereas the lowest 2+ and 2− states are 1-phonon, E-manifold excitations. Coriolis contributions to the rotational energy of states with F-phonons are significant. Altogether, rotational bands are constructed based on vibrational states with up to four phonons, and with spin/parity up to 9−. Nearly all the observed states of Oxygen-16 are accommodated, up to 20 MeV and partly beyond. Predictions for some so far unobserved states, especially those of unnatural parity, are made.
Momentum Distributions and Short-Range Correlations in Few-Nucleon Systems Using Realistic Interactions
Authors: Marcucci Laura Elisa , Viviani Michele
Published: December 2020

We present predictions for the single-nucleon and spin-isospin projected two-nucleon momentum distributions in 3H and 3He, obtained using phenomenological potentials, as well as the most recent high-quality chiral nucleon-nucleon potentials, with and without three-nucleon force. Three-nucleon interaction contributions as well as chiral order-by-order convergence are briefly discussed. An outlook for further studies is also presented.
How to Improve Functionals in Density Functional Theory? —Formalism and Benchmark Calculation—
Authors: Naito Tomoya , Ohashi Daisuke , Liang Haozhao
Published: December 2020

We proposed in Ref. [J. Phys. B 39, 13120 (2019)] a way to improve energy density functionals in the density functional theory based on the combination of the inverse Kohn-Sham method and the density functional perturbation theory. In this proceeding, we mainly focus on the results for the Ar and Kr atoms.
Signatures of octupole shape phase transitions in radioactive nuclei
Authors: Nomura Kosuke
Published: December 2020

We analyze the octupole deformations and the related collective excitations in medium-heavy and heavy nuclei based on the microscopic framework of the nuclear energy density functional theory. Constrained self-consistent mean-field calculation with a given energy density functional is performed to provide for each nucleus a potential energy surface with axial quadrupole and octupole shape degrees of freedom. Spectroscopic properties are computed by means of the interacting-boson Hamiltonian, which is determined by mapping the fermionic potential energy surface onto the bosonic counterpart. The overall systematics of the calculated spectroscopic observables exhibit phase transitional behaviors between stable octupole deformation and octupole vibration characteristic of the octupole-soft potential within the set of nuclei in light actinide and rare-earth regions, Th, Ra, Sm, Gd, and Ba isotopes, where octupole shapes are most likely to occur.
Collectivity of the electromagnetic transitions in near-threshold resonances
Authors: Płoszajczak M. , Okołowicz J.
Published: December 2020

Mixing of the shell model (SM) eigenstates due to the coupling via the common decay channel influences leads in many cases to the formation of a collective eigenstate which carries many features of the nearby decay channel. This generic mechanism in open quantum systems explains the phenomenological Ikeda diagram and generalizes it for various clusters/correlations in the vicinity of the respective cluster decay thresholds. The near-threshold collectivization of the SM states may also influence their electromagnetic decays. We discuss this phenomenon on the example of B(Eλ) decays of near-threshold 2+ states in 14C.
Exploring the tension between nature and the Standard Model: the muon g-2
Authors: Marinković M Krstić , Cardoso N
Published: December 2020

Anomalous magnetic moment of the muon (muon g-2) is one of the most precisely measured quantities in particle physics. At the same time, it can be evaluated in the Standard Model with an unprecedented accuracy. The Muon g-2 experiment at Fermilab has started the major data collection and the aimed four-fold increase in precision will shed light on the current discrepancy between the theory prediction and the measured value. This renders a comparable improvement of the precision in the SM theory an essential ingredient in order to fully exploit the expected increase of precision in experimental results. For all these reasons, the muon g-2 is considered to be a great testing ground for new physics.

Hadronic contributions are the dominant sources of uncertainty in the theoretical prediction of the muon g-2. A reciprocal effort to a precise determination of the leading hadronic contribution to the muon g-2 using lattice gauge theories is a direct measurement of the hadronic contributions to the running of the fine structure constant recently proposed by the MUonE experiment. A hybrid strategy including both experimental and lattice data sets is expected to give an independent check of the dispersive results from e+e-annihilation, which dominate the current world average.
Process-independent effective coupling and the pion structure function
Authors: Rodríguez-Quintero José , Chang Lei , Raya Khépani , Roberts Craig D.
Published: December 2020

We sketch the calculation of the pion structure functions within the DSE framework, following two alternative albeit consistent approaches, and discuss then their QCD evolution, the running driven by an effective charge, from a hadronic scale up to any larger one accessible to experiment.
New prediction of elastic scattering cross sections ratio Re+

e−

based on phenomenological two-photon exchange corrections
Authors: Qattan I A
Published: December 2020

The proton’s electric and magnetic form factors (FFs) and their ratio Rp
=

G
E
p

/

G
M
p

are fundamental and essential ingredients needed to parametrize the internal structure of the proton as well as many composite particles. However, the inconsistency in the results reported on these FFs and their ratio as measured by the Rosenbluth method and the polarization transfer method has led the community to believe that such a discrepancy is due to a systematic difference between the two methods. It was proposed that missing higher order radiative correction to the electron-proton elastic scattering cross section σR
(ϵ, Q
2) and in particular two-photon exchange correction (TPE) should be applied in order to reconcile these measurements. The effect of TPE on electron-proton scattering observables was studied extensively in the last few years. However, the most direct method for measuring TPE contributions is the comparison of positron-proton and electron-proton elastic scattering cross sections ratio Re+ e−
(ϵ, Q
2). In this proceedings, I present a new prediction of the ratio Re+ e−
as determined using a new parametrization of TPE corrections to σR
. I then compare my results to several previous phenomenological extractions, TPE hadronic calculations, and previous and recent direct measurements of Re+ e−
.
Lensing function relation in Hadrons
Authors: Rodini Simone , Pasquini Barbara , Bacchetta Alessandro
Published: December 2020

Nontrivial model-induced relations between parton distribution functions can be helpful to interpret, at least qualitatively, the mechanisms at work in scattering processes off the nucleon. However great care is needed in the transition between qualitative and quantitative interpretation of the results. One example is given by the relations between transverse distortions in the distribution of quarks in impact-parameter space and analogous distortions in transverse-momentum space due to T-odd effects, that have been found in the context of various model calculations. We discuss the origin of such relations pointing out the very specific conditions under which they are realised. These conditions are typically verified only in relatively simple models that describe hadrons as two-body bound systems and involve a helicity-conserving coupling between the gauge boson and the spectator system.
Nuclear Data for Basic Science and Applications
Authors: Dimitriou Paraskevi
Published: December 2020

Reliable and up-to-date nuclear data are important for basic science and applications. The process of compiling, evaluating, validating and disseminating nuclear data will be presented in the context of two international cooperation projects coordinated by the IAEA.
Shock-wave loading of elconites: Numerical investigation
Authors: Maevskii K K
Published: December 2020

The results of numerical experiments on modeling shock-wave loading of metal composites – elkonites, which are sintered refractory materials (W, WC or Mo) impregnated with fusible metal (Ag or Cu) using thermodynamically equilibrium model TEC (thermodynamic equilibrium components) are presented. Interest in the research of compressibility of such mixtures is associated with the possibility of creating materials with the necessary properties, and with the properties of the materials themselves. The modelling of materials with such components is carried out to develop the promising direction of obtaining materials with specified properties. The good agreement of the model calculations with the data of different authors, which are determined on the basis of experiment, is obtained.
Modelling the state of stress and strain in layered structure under heat loading
Authors: Akhmetov A Zh , Smolin I Yu
Published: December 2020

Currently, the layered materials have a wide application in the industry, and also occur in nature. The lamination, as a principal characteristic of composite materials, influences the physical and mechanical properties of the whole material. In some cases, it is sufficient to take into account the effect of heat on the change of strength properties of medium to assess the state of stress and strain of these materials subject to heat action. In this work, a similar method is used for a region of the Earth’s crust and mantle, when the parameters of Drucker-Prager-Nikolaevsky elastic-plastic model change with depth as a result of heat action from the mantle. To analyse the stress state the parameters are used, which corresponds to the three invariants of stress tensor—pressure, von Mises stress, and Lode parameter. The distributions of all three parameters are heterogeneous, which is determined not only by the peculiarities of layered structures of the geological object but heat effect from the mantle as well.
Temperature dependences of strength properties and fracture mechanism of the Ni3Al intermetallic compound synthesized under pressure
Authors: Akimov K , Kozulin A , Ovcharenko V
Published: December 2020

The article presents the results of a study of the strength properties and fracture mechanism of the Ni3Al intermetallic compound samples synthesized under pressure at different test temperatures. Changes in the nature of the fracture mechanism in the test samples with an increase in the test temperature were revealed. It has been established that in the range from 20 to 1000 °C there are two areas with different temperature dependences of strength properties.
Study of energy-intensive mill lining during the grinding of silicon powder
Authors: Lapshin O V , Shkoda O A
Published: December 2020

Dynamics of silicon lining an energy-intensive planetary mill was studied using experimental methods and a developed mathematical model. The transformation of the silicon powder microstructure during its mechanical treatment was investigated. It was found that this changes the granulometric composition of the mixture, resulting in a constant reformation of silicon particles formed from the agglomerates, which are crushed and agglomerated into new particles. It is shown that with increasing mechanical treatment time there is an increase in the amount of material in the lining layer. The lining speed constant was determined from the solution of the inverse problem. The theoretical calculations were in good agreement with the experimental data.
Natural forage lands of the Novgorod region
Authors: Abdushaeva Ya M
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the problem of saving and development of nature-created vegetation cover of natural lands, the rational use of which ensures sustainable development of the biosphere and the feed industry. The measures for improvement and rational use of natural hayfields and pastures are suggested, the potential fund of forage lands is identified according to the conducted geobotanical survey. Scientifically grounded recommendations for improvement and rational use of natural hayfields and pastures are developed.
Sosnowsky hogweed: new ways to use
Authors: Andreeva L V
Published: December 2020

The article outlines the problems of the widespread distribution of the Sosnovsky hogweed in the Novgorod region of the Russian Federation. The results of experiments on the extraction of coumarins from the dry mass of the Sosnowsky hogweed in the biotechnology laboratory of Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University are considered. Particular attention is paid to methods for the isolation of coumarins: extraction with ethyl alcohol and sublimation with magnesium oxide. The author comes to the conclusion that a better product with a minimum amount of impurities is obtained by sublimation. Based on the study of samples of Sosnovsky hogweed from different regions, it was found that the content of coumarins depends on the growing conditions. Sosnovsky hogweed, growing in the northern region, was found to be small in size, but with a greater content of coumarins. Coumarins extracted from Sosnowsky hogweed can be used as growth stimulants and as plant protection products.
Determination of optimal values for the main parameters of ultrafiltration of curd whey enriched with natural polysaccharides
Authors: Babenyshev S P , Bratsikhin A A , Shipulin V I , Mamai D S , Permyakov A V , Khokha D S
Published: December 2020

The current trend in the development of the human community is reduced to solving two main tasks: providing the population with full-fledged food and preserving the environment. Their solution is possible only on the basis of organizing the rational use of natural raw materials, which is hindered by insufficient study of such modern food production processes as ultrafiltration separation of liquid polydisperse systems. The aim of the study was to experimentally determine the optimal values of the driving pressure (DP) and the speed of circulation (V) of curd whey during its ultrafiltration through polymer membranes. The article presents the following research findings: the dependences of the permeability and selectivity of the UPM-20, UPM-50, Biomax 100 and Biomax 300 membranes during ultrafiltration of curd whey on the driving pressure and flow rate in the channel of the baromembrane apparatus are identified; the optimal values for DP=0.28÷0.36 MPa and V=0.25÷0.35 m/s of cassette-type devices for ultrafiltration of modified natural polysaccharides in curd whey are determined; the residual amount of total protein in permeate of curd whey is identified: with the use of UPM-20, UPM-50 membranes it amounts to 0.012-0.013 %, with the use of Biomax 100 and Biomax 300 it amounts to 0.035-0.088 %; the feasibility of the use of Pellicon 2 Biomax memebranes with a threshold delay of 100 kDa and 300 kDa to obtain a highly purified permeate of curd whey is justified.
Effectiveness of drainage of agricultural land by closed drainage in climatic conditions of the Novgorod Region
Authors: Balun O V
Published: December 2020

The objects of this study are closed drainage systems having a hydraulic connection of arable horizon with a drainage pipe. Experimental plots are located in the Novgorod region on sod-podzolic loamy soil. In the experiment we used such kinds of design as a standard construction with filling the drainage trench with sand-gravel mixture to the arable horizon, and a construction in the form of two-tiered drainage. The distance between drains is 14 m, the depth is 1.1 m. The design of two-tiered drainage provides for the upper tier of cavity-free drains with a depth of 0.5 m, a distance between the drains 6 m, located perpendicular to the lower tier. As a result of the study of dynamics of groundwater and soil humidification, we found out that in the experimental systems of two-tiered drainage in excessively wet years, groundwater had not risen into the topsoil during the entire growing period. Formation of groundwater after heavy rainfall was more intensive in the two-tiered drainage systems. The most favorable water-air regime in the years with different precipitation conditions (both in dry and abnormally wet years) was provided by the experimental two-tiered drainage systems with a smaller amplitude of fluctuations in moisture reserves in a soil arable layer which allowed us to conclude that draining of collectors was more effective on the base of the two-tiered drainage.
Effect of the balanced carbohydrate complex Felucene on growth and development of bull calves
Authors: Beresnev V N , Tagirov H , Neverova O P , Fedoseeva N A , Galushina P S , Smirnova S V
Published: December 2020

The use of balanced multicomponent supplements is highly promising. In this regard, we believe it will be relevant to use a balanced carbohydrate complex under the trade names Felucene K 2-4 and Felucene K 2-6 for agricultural animals of a specified age in accordance with the instruction for use. The inclusion of the studied supplements in the ration of young cattle in various doses made it possible to trace changes in growth and development of young Hereford breed. The experiments showed the best result demonstrated by animals of experimental group III, who received the supplement K 2-4 at a dose of 100 g and K 2-6 at a dose of 150 g per animal per day, respectively. Further research is planned to study post-slaughter indicators in order to assess the quality of meat products.
Productivity of nitrogen fixation by perennial legumes in the conditions of the Novgorod region of the North-West of Russia
Authors: Bevz S Y
Published: December 2020

Data on the study of nitrogen-fixing ability of various species and varieties of meadow legume plants are presented. It has been experimentally proved that the formation, symbiotic apparatus and the accumulation of biological nitrogen, and, consequently, the share participation in the agrophytocenosises of the legume component, and the productivity of meadow grass stands are greatly influenced by the species, variety, features of the ontogenesis of the legume plant, as well as the conditions of plant growth. Due to symbiotic fixation on medium-acid soils of heavy mechanical composition in the first two years of their life, about 84 kg of nitrogen per 1 ha were accumulated by meadow clover of Carmine variety. Such a symbiotic apparatus provided forage from the main cut for hay without additional mineral fertilizers in the range of 5.4–5.6 tons of dry weight per hectare with a share of clover–about 33% in the 1st year and more than 60% in 2nd year of life.
Metabolic activity and the performance of ram hogs when consuming probiotic and sorption additives
Authors: Blagov D A , Mironova I V , Fedoseeva N A , Glebov V V , Kosilov V I , Shakhmurzov M M
Published: December 2020

The question arises of a rational method of feeding small cattle, which would ensure a high rate of their growth, development and production of meat products due to the fact that in recent years in Russia more and more attention has been paid to the development of sheep husbandry. It is economically feasible to use feed additives of various actions for this purpose, which determined the relevance of the topic of our study. The task was set to consider the effect of the sorbent Glauconite and the sorption-probiotic preparation Biogumitel in the diet of sheep of the Romanovskaya breed on the morphological and biochemical parameters of blood, as well as meat productivity. Scientific and economic experience was carried out in a farm located on the territory of the Volga Federal District of the Russian Federation on four groups of rams. Studies have shown that feeding the presented additives did not adversely affect the studied parameters. In addition, it was found that test rams gave higher reliable indicators of meat productivity when feeding Biogumitel and Glauconit supplements together at a dose of 0.1 g per 1 kg of live weight each. Further research is planned to be devoted to studying the quality of meat products, as well as adipose tissue of various localization.
Overview of feed granulation technology and technical means for its implementation
Authors: Blagov D A , Gizatov A Ya , Smakuyev D R , Kosilov V I , Pogodaev V A , Tamaev S A
Published: December 2020

The choice of methods for storing feed and the processes of their processing in farms is the most important task for maintaining the qualitative composition of feed components, which determined the relevance of our work. In this work, we consider the technology of feed granulation, its features, as well as the technical means used for this process. Two granulation technologies (wet and dry) were analyzed and the advantages and disadvantages of each were identified. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of feed before and after granulation are considered. The positive effect of granular feed on the breakdown of protein in young cattle, a high digestibility, and, consequently, an increase in the productivity of animals is observed. It should be noted that the granulation of waste processing industry can extend their shelf life and increase overall nutritional value. In addition, processed granular waste in combination with other feeds can replace up to 50.0% of grain in the diets of farm animals. The paper gives a brief analysis of the main manufacturers of industrial granularizers with a ring matrix, as well as the technical characteristics of their products. This analysis confirms the popularity of feed granulation in the Russian Federation, which is confirmed by a wide range of manufactured equipment of various capacities.
Climatic characteristics changes analysis of the agroclimatic Novgorod regions
Authors: Dmitruk N G , Stepanova A A
Published: December 2020

The article focuses on the problem of changes in meteorological parameters – average air temperatures and annual precipitation amount within the agroclimatic areas of the Novgorod region. Despite the small size of the region, its location in the North-West of the European part of Russia and fairly small differences in hypsometric parameters, there are significant differences in climate parameters within the region. The factors, mentioned in the article, are the cause for the climate heterogeneity of the region. The authors attribute these climate changes within the boundaries of agroclimatic regions with specific meteorological changes in local climates. The article presents the factors that determine the differences in climatic conditions and, as a result, the agroclimatic zoning of the region.
Paleotectonic pre-quoternary deposit formation conditions on the territory of Novgorod region
Authors: Druzhnova M P
Published: December 2020

The following article characterizes the paleotectonic conditions timed to the main Earth development periods. The author has demonstrated the meaning of every tectonic phase during the pre-quoternary deposit formation, which is the basis for Novgorod region massive sedimentary strata layer.
Information asymmetry in genetic farming
Authors: Efimova G A , Efimova S V
Published: December 2020

The paper examines a new rent-genetic direction in the development of earth science and the risks of information asymmetry of its current manifestation in agriculture. Practical results imply approbation of logical and mathematical models for implementation of the rent-genetic approach to regulation of land payments that ensure genetic farming development. The study analyzes, evaluates and provides socio-economic substantiation of rental regulators of genetic farming based on activation of genetic factors through the example of crop farming in Leningrad region. Intensive rental income can be ensured in agriculture only in the context of the redistribution of extensive forms of rental income (differential rent I, resource rent, monopoly rent), which is a fundamental condition for creating a competitive environment and investment development in agriculture.
Spicy functional additive in the production of sausages
Authors: Galieva Z A , Salikhova G G , Mikolaychik I N , Morozova L A , Somova Yu V , Parfiriev K A
Published: December 2020

Spicy herbs have been used by people for a very long time. Every year, the need for their use both in the food industry and in other sectors of the economy is growing. Spices and their extracts are used in the manufacture of cosmetics, for the production of preventive drugs in pharmaceuticals. There is an explanation for such widespread use of herbs – they contain substances that are very necessary and useful for the human body. Spices improve the taste of food and not just that. The article provides a brief historical background on the occurrence of sausages, a detailed description of the properties of one of the medicinal plants – lovage or bladder seed. In addition, the results of a study on the feasibility of using a spicy additive of perennial lovage in sausages are presented. The plant under study has a number of properties that can give the product a functional orientation, due to the presence of mineral salts, vitamins, essential oils, glycosides, terpenes, terpenoids in it. To prepare for use, roots of the plant were used, which were ground to a powder state. During the production of sausages, an additive in the amount of 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7% was added to the experimental samples and was compared with the control samples. All samples of sausages were analyzed by organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators, the data of which made it possible to establish the optimal dose of applying perennial lovage in the recipe for sausages. It was found that a sample with a dose of 0.7% additive did not pass the test due to an overly spicy taste and a smearing consistency. The additive had no effect on the color of the product. There is a need for microbiological research, as further research is planned to be directed to establishing optimal storage periods, and refinement of production technological parameters.
Modern Methods of Utilizing Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
Authors: Gel V I , Litvinov V A
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the handling of municipal solid waste, it is shown that waste disposal at landfills still prevails in Russia, because it is associated with significant difficulties in organizing separate collection. It is shown that in European countries, along with separate collection, sorting and thermal processing of municipal waste are widely used. The operation of the MSW sorting plant in the city of Kostroma showed the possibility of deep sorting with subsequent marketable products receiving. However, the issue of processing glass and the organic part of (food) waste, whose moisture after separation reaches 40%, remains unresolved. The low-temperature combustion of MSW on moving gratings leads to significant emissions of dioxins and furans. In addition, the calorific value of organic waste, due to high humidity, is not sufficient to maintain combustion using air blast; in addition, cleaning a large volume of gases is difficult. The burning of MSW is successfully resolved by the use of oxygen blasting and additives of low-grade solid fuel. It allows achieving a high combustion temperature of the waste (1300° C and above), leading to complete burning of dioxins and furans, as well as significant reduction of exhaust gases volume.
Assessment of the economically beneficial traits of mature cows of Holsteinized black-motley breed
Authors: Gorelik O V , Lihodeevskaya O E , Nesterenko A A , Dolmatova I A , Shepinev D A , Tsoi L A
Published: December 2020

Holstein is one of the most widespread dairy breeds in the world. In Russia, the most popular is black-motley breed, which has been improved over the past four decades through crossbreeding with the best world Holstein breed. The study aimed to investigate the productive traits of young replacement cows and cows of different years of birth of Holsteinized black-motley cattle of the Ural type. An increased intensity of rearing of young replacement animals was found to reduce the age of first fruitful insemination, to increase productivity, namely milk yield per lactation, and to reduce the length of the productive life of cows. Intensive rearing of young replacement animals has reduced the age of fruitful insemination by 5.7 months over seven years, particularly in the last 2 years, relative to the indicators observed in 2012. With age, the cow productivity changes insignificantly and remains at sufficiently high level. The study revealed that the genetic potential of the parents and intensive rearing of young replacement animals provide a steady increase in milk production of first-calf heifers. However, productivity of cows in subsequent lactations either remains stable or decreases. Productivity of cows increases in second (2013–2015) and third (2012) lactations and then starts to decline. With age, the length of the lactation service period reduces by 5.2–34.9 days, which is primarily due to synchronization of reproductive cycles with an economically viable waiting period implemented on commercial farms. Reproductive cycle synchronization has been implemented in the region since 2015, which immediately reduced the length of the cow service period.