bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LOGISTICS CENTRES DEVELOPMENT IN LATVIA
Authors: Kabashkin Igor
Published: January 2019

In the situation where a large increase in trade and freight transport volumes in the Baltic Sea region (BSR) is expected and in which the BSR is facing a major economic restructuring, efforts to achieve more integrated and sustainable transport and communication links within the BSR are needed. One of these efforts is the development of logistics centres (LCs) and their networking, which will continue to have an impact on improving communication links, spatial planning practices and approaches, logistics chain development and the promotion of sustainable transport modes. These factors will reflect on logistics processes both in major gateway cities and in remote BSR areas.

The importance of logistics systems as a whole is not seen clearly enough. Logistics actors see that logistics operations are not appreciated as much as other fields of activity. In addition, logistics centres and the importance of logistics activities to the business life of areas and the employment rate should be brought up better.

In the paper main goal and tasks of national approach to LCs development are discussed. Strategic focus of new activities in this area is on the integration of various networks within and between logistics centres in order to improve and develop the quality of logistics networks as well as to spatially widen the networking activities.

The key objectives are to integrate the links between logistics centres, ports and other logistics operators in a functional and sustainable way, to promote spatial integration by creating sustainable and integrated approaches to spatial planning of logistics centres and transport infrastructure, to improve ICT‐based networking and communication practices of the fields of transport and logistics and to increase the competence of logistics centres and associated actors by organising educational and training events.

The current activities include, for example, the creation of measures for transport networking and port modernisation, multimodal transport network strategies, integrated networks between ports, logistics centres and other operators, the better involvement of LCs in spatial planning and knowledge of the land use needs of the LCs, territorial impact assessments on selected transport corridors where logistics centres are located, the establishment of a common vision of the future spatial and environmental development along the transport corridors and LC‐areas, the elimination of bottlenecks in port‐hinterland‐LC connections, the integration of telematics supported logistics networks based on identification and analysis of networks.
THE “GREEN WAVE” MODE PRODUCTION ON THE TWO‐LANE HIGHWAYS DURING THE CONSTRUCTION WORKS TIME PERIOD
Authors: Berezhnoy Аlexander , Grakovsky Аlexander , Nesterov Аlexey
Published: January 2019

In the paper, the problem of a bi‐directional “green wave” mode production is considered for the vehicle flows motion on two‐lane highways during the conducting of construction works. The solution of the given task allows to develop practical recommendations for the sphere of the construction works management on two‐lane roads and country highways, and also to raise traffic control efficiency in the pointed conditions. The comparative analysis of possible traffic regulation modes for the set scheme of road construction works sites and the estimation of their efficiency is performed, the test of a hypothesis regarding the possibility of a bi‐directional “green wave” mode realization is carried out, and calculation of traffic lights signal control phases time is performed.
THE RESEARCH INTO HEAD INJURY CRITERIA DEPENDENCE ON CAR SPEED
Authors: Pelenytė-Vyšniauskienė Lina , Jurkauskas Algirdas
Published: January 2019

There are many ways of car collisions which depend on car motion modes before and after crashes, speed, kinds of baskets, their heights, weights and rigidity. The machinery of the occupant's movement at the moment of the crash is even more difficult. In order to find out precisely the chance of body injury, it is important to measure not only parameters that were mentioned above but also occupant's height, weight, age, position of sitting, condition of body, whether there was any protection system used.

The largest number of car crashes happen at the moment of Frontal Crash. This article's aim is to analyse the types of Frontal Crashes and their repartition, to diagnose what part in occupant's safety the protection system's use takes, and also to analyse head injury coefficient dependence on car speed and show critical injuries and fatality limits in cases when driver is driving with no seat‐belts in and while the car is without airbag. The research is done at the moment of ideal Frontal Crash by simulating distance from the occupant body to the wheel in different types of baskets.
IMPLEMENTATION OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES AND OTHER MEANS IN DANGEROUS FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION
Authors: Batarlienė Nijolė
Published: January 2019

This article examines types of modern technologies application possibilities in dangerous freight transportation. It is noted that the solution to transport technology problems is based on the improvement of technological supply, the rational usage of informational modeling methodology of the whole transportation process. The aspects of mobile solution of public information and transport are named in this paper. The article presents concrete vehicles and freight tracking on their trips analysis, the principles and methods of their operation. Tracking and localization systems are playing a great role in the transportation of dangerous freight. The newly developed remote identification system for transport facilities and freight are presented.
Active Asteroid P/2017 S5 (ATLAS)
Authors: Jewitt David , Kim Yoonyoung , Rajagopal Jayadev , Ridgway Susan , Kotulla Ralf , Liu Wilson , Mutchler Max , Li Jing , Weaver Harold , Larson Stephen
Published: January 2019

Observations of active asteroid P/2017 S5 when near perihelion reveal the ejection of large (102–104
μm) particles at 0.2–2 m s−1 speeds, with estimated mass-loss rates of a few kg s−1. The protracted nature of the mass loss (continuous over ∼150 days) is compatible with a sublimation origin, meaning that this object is likely an ice-bearing main-belt comet. Equilibrium sublimation of exposed water ice covering as little as 0.1 km2 can match the data. Observations a year after perihelion show the object in an inactive state from which we deduce a nucleus effective radius

(albedo 0.06 ± 0.02 assumed). The gravitational escape speed from a body of this size is just ∼0.3 m s−1, comparable to the inferred ejection speed of the dust. Time-series photometry provides tentative evidence for rapid rotation (lightcurve period 1.4 hr) that may also play a role in the loss of mass and which, if real, is a likely consequence of spin-up by sublimation torques. P/2017 S5 shares both physical and orbital similarities with the split active asteroid pair P/2016 J1-A and J1-B, and all three objects are likely members of the ∼7 Myr old, collisionally produced, Theobalda family.
Thermal Emission in the Southwest Clump of VY CMa∗
Authors: Gordon Michael S. , Jones Terry J. , Humphreys Roberta M. , Ertel Steve , Hinz Philip M. , Hoffmann William F. , Stone Jordan , Spalding Eckhart , Vaz Amali
Published: January 2019

We present high spatial resolution LBTI/NOMIC 9–12 μm images of VY CMa and its massive outflow feature, the Southwest (SW) Clump. Combined with high-resolution imaging from the Hubble Space Telescope (0.4–1 μm) and LBT/LMIRCam (1–5μm), we isolate the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the clump from the star itself. Using radiative-transfer code DUSTY, we model both the scattered light from VY CMa and the thermal emission from the dust in the clump to estimate the optical depth, mass, and temperature of the SW Clump. The SW Clump is optically thick at 8.9 μm with a brightness temperature of ∼200 K. With a dust chemistry of equal parts silicates and metallic iron, as well as assumptions on grain size distribution, we estimate a dust mass of 5.4 × 10−5
M
⊙. For a gas-to-dust ratio of 100, this implies a total mass of 5.4 × 10−3
M
⊙. Compared to the typical mass-loss rate of VY CMa, the SW Clump represents an extreme, localized mass-loss event from ≲300 yr ago.
HATS-60b–HATS-69b: 10 Transiting Planets from HATSouth*
Authors: Hartman J. D. , Bakos G. Á. , Bayliss D. , Bento J. , Bhatti W. , Brahm R. , Csubry Z. , Espinoza N. , Henning Th. , Jordán A. , Mancini L. , Penev K. , Rabus M. , Sarkis P. , Suc V. , Val-Borro M. de , Zhou G. , Addison B. , Arriagada P. , Butler R. P. , Crane J. , Durkan S. , Shectman S. , Tan T. G. , Thompson I. , Tinney C. G. , Wright D. J. , Lázár J. , Papp I. , Sári P.
Published: January 2019

We report the discovery of 10 transiting extrasolar planets by the HATSouth survey. The planets range in mass from the super-Neptune HATS-62b, with

, to the super-Jupiter HATS-66b, with

, and in size from the Saturn HATS-69b, with

, to the inflated Jupiter HATS-67b, with

. The planets have orbital periods between

days (HATS-67b) and

days (HATS-61b). The hosts are dwarf stars with masses ranging from

(HATS-69) to

(HATS-64) and have apparent magnitudes between

mag (HATS-68) and

mag (HATS-66). The super-Neptune HATS-62b is the least massive planet discovered to date with a radius larger than Jupiter. Based largely on the Gaia DR2 distances and broadband photometry, we identify three systems (HATS-62, HATS-64, and HATS-65) as having possible unresolved binary star companions. We discuss in detail our methods for incorporating the Gaia DR2 observations into our modeling of the system parameters and into our blend analysis procedures.
SI iv Resonance Line Emission during Solar Flares: Non-LTE, Nonequilibrium, Radiation Transfer Simulations
Authors: Kerr Graham S. , Carlsson Mats , Allred Joel C. , Young Peter R. , Daw Adrian N.
Published: January 2019

The Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph routinely observes the Si iv resonance lines. When analyzing quiescent observations of these lines, it has typically been assumed that they form under optically thin conditions. This is likely valid for the quiescent Sun, but this assumption has also been applied to the more extreme flaring scenario. We used 36 electron-beam-driven radiation hydrodynamic solar flare simulations, computed using the RADYN code, to probe the validity of this assumption. Using these simulated atmospheres, we solved the radiation transfer equations to obtain the non-LTE, nonequilibrium populations, line profiles, and opacities for a model silicon atom, including charge exchange processes. This was achieved using the “minority species” version of RADYN. The inclusion of charge exchange resulted in a substantial fraction of Si iv at cooler temperatures than those predicted by ionization equilibrium. All simulations with an injected energy flux

erg cm−2 s−1 resulted in optical depth effects on the Si iv emission, with differences in both intensity and line shape compared to the optically thin calculation. Weaker flares (down to F ≈ 5 × 109 erg cm−2 s−1) also resulted in Si iv emission forming under optically thick conditions, depending on the other beam parameters. When opacity was significant, the atmospheres generally had column masses in excess of 5 × 10−6 g cm−2 over the temperature range 40–100 kK, and the Si iv formation temperatures were between 30 and 60 kK. We urge caution when analyzing Si iv flare observations, or when computing synthetic emission without performing a full radiation transfer calculation.
A revision of Lachnodius Maskell (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Eriococcidae)
Authors: Hardy Nate B. , Beardsley Jr John W. , Gullan Penny J.
Published: January 2019

Lachnodius Maskell is a genus of three named species that are part of an Australian radiation of felt scale insects that induce galls on Eucalyptus and Corymbia (Myrtaceae). A female’s gall usually consists of an open-top pit in swollen plant tissue. Depending on the species, galls can occur on a host’s leaves, buds, stems, or trunk. Here, we redescribe the named species: L.eucalypti (Maskell), L.hirsutus (Froggatt) and L.lectularius (Maskell), and describe seven new species: L.brimblecombei Beardsley, Gullan & Hardy, sp. n., L.froggatti Beardsley, Gullan & Hardy, sp. n., L.maculosus Beardsley, Gullan & Hardy, sp. n., L.melliodorae Beardsley, Gullan & Hardy, sp. n., L.newi Beardsley, Gullan & Hardy, sp. n., L.parathrix Beardsley, Gullan & Hardy, sp. n., L.sealakeensis Gullan & Hardy, sp. n. Descriptions are based primarily on adult females, but for some species short diagnoses of nymphal stages also are provided. The taxonomic history of Lachnodius is reviewed, with notes on their biology and ecology. A key to species based on the morphology of adult females is provided, and lectotypes are designated for Dactylopiuseucalypti Maskell and Lachnodiuslectularius Maskell.
L’intime conviction : entre cadres légaux, représentations et pratiques chez les magistrats et jurés en cour d’assises
Authors: Esnard Catherine , Dumas Rafaele
Published: January 2019

Partant de l’examen des écarts entre textes légaux et processus psychologiques dans la prise de décision judiciaire, nous explorons, dans cette étude, les représentations et pratiques de l’intime conviction chez les magistrats et les jurés. Plus spécifiquement, nous nous attendions à un contraste entre l’acception juridique définissant l’intime conviction comme produit d’un traitement cognitif rationnel et la définition du sens commun relevant de l’intuition spontanée. L’analyse systématique de 60 entretiens conduits auprès de juges professionnels, de jurés et de profanes, révèle une appropriation de la définition légale de l’intime conviction, tant par les magistrats que par les jurés, distincte du sens commun des profanes. Toutefois, les jurés, contrairement aux magistrats, mettent en avant l’importance de l’expérience subjective et de l’intuition préalable, soulignant, par là-même, les paradoxes de cette instruction.
Discours constituant, austérité et néolibéralisme : des dynamiques énonciatives imbriquées. Le cas des Grandes Orientations des politiques économiques de l’Union européenne
Authors: Gobin Corinne
Published: January 2019

Une partie de la production discursive de l’Union européenne (UE) relève de la catégorie du discours constituant, c’est-à-dire d’un discours qui fonde un nouveau rapport au monde, dans le cas étudié un nouveau rapport à la société humaine où l’économie de marché devient le principe moteur. Ce caractère constituant confère aux textes du corpus étudié, le texte annuel de grandes orientations des politiques économiques produits par l’UE depuis 1993, un profil neutre qui aide à banaliser l’idée que le néolibéralisme est l’unique bonne façon de penser l’économie. Grâce aux méthodes de la lexicométrie, les traits saillants – lexicaux et énonciatifs – de ce corpus sont examinés et font ressortir l’institution d’un monde agi et régi par l’économie elle-même où l’austérité réaliserait une stabilisation économique génératrice de la croissance, soit un levier pour parvenir à mettre en branle un automate parfait, préservé des instabilités politiques.
Classic Markers for Infection Perform Poorly in Predicting Residual Infection Prior to Reimplantation
Authors: Herman Amir , Albers Anthony , Garbuz Donald S. , Duncan Clive P. , Masri Bassam A.
Published: January 2019

Two-stage exchange arthroplasty remains the treatment of choice for chronic periprosthetic joint infections. This retrospective study conducted between 2009 and 2015 examined the diagnostic value of biomarkers for residual infection between stages. The biomarkers evaluated included C-reactive protein prior to reimplantation, preimplantation synovial fluid white blood cell count and percent neutrophils, and the intraoperative histologic synovial white blood cell count per high-power field (×400) on permanent sections. Residual infection was defined as either positive cultures (more than 1) at second stage, any further surgery (eg, amputation, arthrodesis, or another 2-stage revision), or the need for infection suppression with antibiotics. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and likelihood ratios were calculated accordingly. A total of 182 two-stage exchange operations that included 109 (59.9%) prosthetic hips and 73 (40.1%) prosthetic knees met the inclusion criteria. Residual infection was present in 38 (20.9%) of the procedures. The area under the curve–receiver operating characteristic values were 0.677 for C-reactive protein (
P
=.002), 0.506 for aspiration white blood cell count (
P
=.944), 0.623 for aspiration percent neutrophils (
P
=.200), and 0.524 for white blood cell count per high-power field (
P
=.801). Positive and negative predictive values were poor and ranged between 26% and 57% and 78% and 85%, respectively. Analyses using specific combinations of biomarkers did not significantly improve predictive values. This study showed that classic markers perform poorly in identifying residual infection prior to second-stage revision. Further research is necessary to evaluate the diagnostic utility of other, more recently introduced biomarkers to determine whether infection has been eradicated between stages. [
Orthopedics
. 2019; 42(1):34–40.]
Myeloid Slc2a1-Deficient Murine Model Revealed Macrophage Activation and Metabolic Phenotype Are Fueled by GLUT1
Authors: Freemerman Alex J. , Zhao Liyang , Pingili Ajeeth K. , Teng Bin , Cozzo Alyssa J. , Fuller Ashley M. , Johnson Amy R. , Milner J. Justin , Lim Maili F. , Galanko Joseph A. , Beck Melinda A. , Bear James E. , Rotty Jeremy D. , Bezavada Lavanya , Smallwood Heather S. , Puchowicz Michelle A. , Liu Juan , Locasale Jason W. , Lee Douglas P. , Bennett Brian J. , Abel E. Dale , Rathmell Jeff C. , Makowski Liza
Published: January 2019

Macrophages (MΦs) are heterogeneous and metabolically flexible, with metabolism strongly affecting immune activation. A classic response to proinflammatory activation is increased flux through glycolysis with a downregulation of oxidative metabolism, whereas alternative activation is primarily oxidative, which begs the question of whether targeting glucose metabolism is a viable approach to control MΦ activation. We created a murine model of myeloid-specific glucose transporter GLUT1 (Slc2a1) deletion. Bone marrow–derived MΦs (BMDM) from Slc2a1M−/− mice failed to uptake glucose and demonstrated reduced glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway activity. Activated BMDMs displayed elevated metabolism of oleate and glutamine, yet maximal respiratory capacity was blunted in MΦ lacking GLUT1, demonstrating an incomplete metabolic reprogramming. Slc2a1M−/− BMDMs displayed a mixed inflammatory phenotype with reductions of the classically activated pro- and anti-inflammatory markers, yet less oxidative stress. Slc2a1M−/− BMDMs had reduced proinflammatory metabolites, whereas metabolites indicative of alternative activation—such as ornithine and polyamines—were greatly elevated in the absence of GLUT1. Adipose tissue MΦs of lean Slc2a1M−/− mice had increased alternative M2-like activation marker mannose receptor CD206, yet lack of GLUT1 was not a critical mediator in the development of obesity-associated metabolic dysregulation. However, Ldlr−/− mice lacking myeloid GLUT1 developed unstable atherosclerotic lesions. Defective phagocytic capacity in Slc2a1M−/− BMDMs may have contributed to unstable atheroma formation. Together, our findings suggest that although lack of GLUT1 blunted glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway, MΦ were metabolically flexible enough that inflammatory cytokine release was not dramatically regulated, yet phagocytic defects hindered MΦ function in chronic diseases.
Bortezomib therapy in a real-world setting in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Huang Shang-Yi , Chen Tsai-Yun , Kuo Ching-Yuan , Chen Yeu-Chin , Lin Sheng-Fung , Chang Ming-Chih , Lv Xinzhu , Yang Betty , Chang Cheng-Shyong
Published: January 2019

Bortezomib is a proteasome inhibitor, approved for treating newly diagnosed and relapsed multiple myeloma (MM). This realworld, multicenter, observational, non-interventional study of bortezomib was designed to collect and analyze prospective data in Taiwanese patients with relapsed or refractory MM. The primary endpoints included clinical effectiveness outcomes (disease response, disease progression [PD], time-to-response, time-toprogression, response duration, and overall survival [OS]). Secondary endpoints were safety and healthcare resource utilization. Total 100 patients (median [range] age 64.9 [37.0-85.5] years) were enrolled; 47 patients completed the study. Of the withdrawn patients (n=53), there were 48 deaths (PD-related death: n=35, adverse events [AEs]-related: n=12, other reason: n=1), and 5 due to loss to follow-up. Four patients in Cycle 1, 6 patients each in Cycle 2 and 5, 7 in Cycle 3, 10 patients in Cycle 4, 5 patients in Cycle 6, and 3 patients each in Cycle 7 and 8 achieved overall response during the study. Time-to-response was 4.68 months (95%CI: 3.2, NE) and response duration was 10.08 months (95%CI: 2.3, 28.6). Median OS was 9.8 months (95%CI: 3.8, 13.7), and median time-to-progression was 11.3 months (95%CI: 6.2, 20.2). Most common non-hematological AEs were diarrhea (n=32) and hypoesthesia (n=25); most common hematological AE was thrombocytopenia (n=18). Efficacy and safety profile of bortezomib in Taiwanese patients with MM was similar to global and other Asian population. Study provides a critical insight on use of bortezomib in realworld clinical practice, which can be helpful for Taiwanese healthcare providers’ decision-making processes.
Effects of different drying conditions on curcumin concentration in turmeric
Authors: Srzednicki George , Li Qixin , Driscoll Robert H
Published: January 2019

Turmeric (Curcuma longa), belongs to Zingiberaceae family. The rhizomes contain bioactive compounds of the curcuminoids group (natural phenols). They are used in food and pharmaceutical industry. The aim of this research was to acquire dried turmeric with high total curcumin content. In this study, optimum turmeric drying conditions and new extraction techniques were explored. Fresh turmeric samples were subjected to constant vs changing drying air temperatures and pre-treatment (blanching). Changing drying air temperature and use of non-blanched turmeric slices resulted in the highest concentration of curcumin. Ultrasonic extraction instead of soxhlet extraction improved the extraction efficiency and decreased extraction time. Keywords: Turmeric, Curcumin; Drying; Blanching; Extraction
Mathematical modeling of moisture evaporation in co-current foam spray drying
Authors: Jaskulski Maciej , Lewandowski Artur , Zbiciński Ireneusz
Published: January 2019

Two models of foam drying are presented in the paper: single droplet drying and perfect mixing of phases spray drying models to describe mechanism of drying of droplet containing bubble. Analysis of drying curves shows that in constant drying rate period and in the falling drying rate period, evaporation rate decreases due to particle shrinkage and increasing of resistance of moisture diffusion inside the solid crust. Increase of gas pressure in the bubble might cause particle breakage. Slight differences between theoretical and experimental results caused by disregarding broken particles in the simulations proves accuracy of the developed model. Keywords: spray drying, modeling, foamed materials, particle morphology
Concept of heat recovery in drying with chemical heat pump
Authors: Wawrzyniak Pawel , Tylman Michal , Jaskulski Maciej , Czapnik M.
Published: January 2019

Drying is one of the most energy intensive unit operations. It easily accounts for up to 15% of all industrial energy consumption. In the most drying processes heat is required to evaporate moisture which is later removed with a flow of air. The hot, humid air leaving the dryer is often considered as a waste stream, and a large fraction of energy is lost. The aim of the theoretical and experimental concept study presented here was to evaluate a method of reclaiming energy from low temperature waste streams and converting it to useful in industry saturated steam of temperature from 120 to 150 °C. Chemical heat pump concept based on the dilution and concentration of phosphoric acid was used to test the method in the laboratory. Heat of dilution and energy needed for water evaporation from the acid solution were experimentally measured. The cycle of successive processes of dilution and concentration has been experimentally confirmed. Theoretical model of the chemical heat pump was tested and coefficient of performance measured. Energy balance of the drying system and efficiency increase of the dryer supported with chemical heat pump were calculated.Keywords: Efficiency of drying; energy recovery; chemical heat pump
CFD model-supported design of monodisperse co-current spray dryers
Authors: Jaskulski Maciej , Tran Thi Thu Hang , Tsotsas Evangelos
Published: January 2019

In this study the operation of spray drying chambers fitted by the multi-stream monodisperse atomizer was simulated by the previously developed CFD model of skim milk spray drying. A series of CFD simulations of skim milk monodisperse spray drying were performed. The influence of different nozzle positions, initial droplet diameters (180 μm and 167 μm) and the way of air introduction (vertical or swirling with 30° or 60° angle) on the drying process were checked. Parameters like drying air and particle residence time, wall deposition, inter-particle collisions, protein thermal deactivation, air velocity and temperature profiles were compared for each case. Keywords: CFD, spray drying, skim milk, monodisperse atomizers, optimization.
Solar drying of strawberry coated with nopal mucilage: It’s effect on phenolic compounds
Authors: López-Ortiz A. , León, M.J. , Pilatowsky F.I. , Méndez L.L.L.
Published: January 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of indirect solar drying (ISD) and conventional (CD) (40, 50, 60 °C) on the concentration of phenolic compounds of strawberry slices, coated with opuntia mucilage (Opuntia ficus indica), and measured with the spectrophotometric method. The indirect solar dryer uses solar-thermal and photovoltaic technology with temperatures between 40 and 60 °C. The concentration of anthocyanins was higher in the ISD than in CD. The strawberry coated with the nopal mucilage has a preservation of phenolic compounds in CD and IDS. Keywords: strawberry, solar drying, phenolic compounds
Optimization of the spray drying process for the obtaining of coconut powder (Cocos nucifera L.) fortified with functionally active compounds
Authors: Lucas-Aguirre J. C. , Giraldo G. , Cortes R. M.
Published: January 2019

Abstract   The objective of this work is to contribute to the generation of a significant advance of the coconut agroindustry in Colombia, for which the process of spray drying was optimized to obtain coconut powder added with functionally active components (CP+PAC) (calcium and vitamins C, D3 and E), food that is framed in the context of functional foods. Initially, the behavior of the physicochemical properties of the coconut during storage at a temperature of 25ºC was evaluated. Then the base emulsion was designed, determining the influence of the composition of emulsions based on coconut milk, on its physicochemical stability, the answer surface methodology was used with a central composite design, considering the independent variables: water/coconut ratio; xantan gum; coconut fiber; terbutilhidroquinona. Subsequently, it was experimentally optimized according to the operating characteristics of the dryer and the product, using a response surface design based on five independent variables: Maltodextrin, air inlet temperature, air outlet temperature, atomizer disk speed and vacuum pressure in the drying chamber. Finally, the stability of the PC+PAC properties was evaluated, using a factorial design based on the independent variables: storage temperature, storage time and packaging. Keywords: coconut, colloidal system, deposit formation, yield, vitamins.
Experimental investigation on pore size distribution and drying kinetics during lyophilization of sugar solutions
Authors: Foerst Petra , Lechner M. , Vorhauer N. , Schuchmann H. , Tsotsas E.
Published: January 2019

The pore structure is a decisive factor for the process efficiency and product quality of freeze dried products. In this work the two-dimensional ice crystal structure was investigated for maltodextrin solutions with different concentrations by a freeze drying microscope. The resulting drying kinetics was investigated for different pore structures. Additionally the three-dimensional pore structure of the freeze dried samples was measured by µ-computed tomography and the pore size distribution was quantified by image analysis techniques. The two- and three-dimensional pore size distributions were compared and linked to the drying kinetics.Keywords: pore size distribution; freeze drying; maltodextrin solution; freeze drying microscope
Electrically enhanced drying of white champignons
Authors: Martynenko Alex , Bashkir Ivanna , Kudra Tadeusz
Published: January 2019

Effects of convective cross-flow of air in electrohydrodynamic (EHD) drying on drying rate of 5 mm slices of champignons have been investigated. Electro-convection issued from discharge electrode (42 needles arranged into 6×7 rows with 2×2 cm spacing, 18 kV DC voltage and 3.5 cm gap) provided average ionic wind velocity of 1.0 m/s flowing perpendicularly to the surface of champignons slices, while forced air stream at atmospheric pressure 1000 kPa, superficial velocity 1.0 m/s, temperature 22-24°C, and relative humidity 25-40%, was blown parallel to the surface of champignons slices. To study interactions between forced air cross-flow and electro-convection, the experimental protocol was designed, exploring three cases in various combinations: (1) Sole EHD, (2) air cross-flow, and (3) EHD with simultaneous air cross-flow. The case # 3 was found to be the most efficient, resulting in 10.2 g/h of water evaporation whereas drying rate was 6.6 g/h (# 1) and 3.6 g/h for (# 2). Such numbers imply that these effects are additive. In some combinations the effect of air cross-flow was the same (3.6 g/g), but electro-convection was significantly suppressed to 3.2 g/h likely because air stream removed surface water, which reduced charge transfer and electro-diffusion.In trials with different initial moisture content it was found that drying kinetics followed exponential decay in the wide range of initial moisture contents from 4.9 to 12.0 g/g (db). Drying rate due to forced air convection was found to be independent of moisture content, whereas drying rate due to electro-convection significantly depended on the moisture content. For example, the EHD drying rate of fresh-cut champignons slices with initial moisture content 10.74 g/g was 0.237 g/h, while the slices after two days in the cooler (initial moisture content dropped to 4.92 g/g) it was 0.418 g/h. Also, it was found that electro-convective drying could not remove all residual water. At the end of drying the equilibrium moisture content attained 0.2 - 0.3 g/g (aw~0.3).It appears that performance of EHD drying depends also on the product porosity as water can exist as free in open pores or be trapped in closed pores. In some experiments we observed rotation of champignon slices in the plane perpendicular to ionic wind. It happened at the end of drying when slices were light enough to be lifted by electrostatic force and dragged by the vortex. This phenomenon could be attributed either to the effect of DC electric field on polarized water molecules trapped in closed pores, or it could be electrostatic effect of ionic wind on charged porous body. Also, the hypothesis that EHD has both linear and rotational (vortex) components require further investigation.
Nano spray drying of pharmaceuticals
Authors: Arpagaus Cordin
Published: January 2019

Spray drying plays a crucial role in the processing of pharmaceutical products such as pills, capsules, and tablets as it is used to convert drug containing liquids into dried powdered forms. Nano spray drying is in particular used to improve drug formulation by encapsulating active ingredients in polymeric wall materials for protection and delivering the drugs to the right place and time in the body. The nano spray dryer developed in the recent years extends the spectrum of produced powder particles to the submicron- and nanoscale with very narrow size distributions and sample quantities in the milligram scale at high product yields. This enables the economical use of expensive active pharmaceutical ingredients and pure drugs. The present paper explains the concept of nano spray drying and discusses the influence of the main process parameters on the final powder properties like particle size, morphology, encapsulation efficiency, and drug loading. Application results of nano spray drying for the formulation and encapsulation of different drugs are reviewed. Keywords: nano spray drying; pharmaceuticals; drug encapsulation; particle size; powder
Effect of phospholipid composition on the structure and physicochemical stability of proliposomes incorporating curcumin and cholecalciferol
Authors: Chaves Matheus Andrade , Pinho Samantha Cristina
Published: January 2019

Proliposomes are dry phospholipid-based particles in which bioactives can be entrapped, and that can produce liposomal suspensions if adequately hydrated. In our study, curcumin and cholecalciferol were incorporated in proliposomes obtained by coating of micronized sucrose. Different mass ratios of Lipoid S40 and Phospholipon 90H were used to produce the proliposomes. The powders were structurally characterized and bioactives content were analyzed over 60 days of storage. Curcumin and cholecalciferol amounts in F100CV formulation were 100 and 98.7% of their initial amount, respectively. Strucutral characterization showed bioactives were successfully incorporated in concentrations compatible with recommended daily dosages. Keywords: proliposomes, curcuminoid, vitamin D3, Raman spectroscopy, powder characterization
Effect of temperature and mode of drying on bioactive compounds and quality of germinated parboiled rice
Authors: Mahayothee Busarakorn , Klaykruayat Supaporn , Nagle Marcus , Müller Joachim
Published: January 2019

Germinated parboiled rice (GPR) is recognized as a functional food because it is rich in bioactive compounds, especially gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GPR was produced by soaking, incubating, steaming, and then drying using a high-precision hot air dryer. The results indicated that air flow mode and drying temperature had significant effects on the quality of GPR. Drying at higher temperatures and shorter times conserved GABA content. Using through-flow mode decreased drying time and prevented color change. However, a slightly lower percentage of head rice yield was observed. Moreover, using through-flow mode negatively affected the hardness loss after cooking.Keywords: Germinated parboiled rice; Drying mode; Gamma-aminobutyric acid; Head rice yield
A mathematical model of spray drying granulation process in formulation
Authors: Kagami Hiroyuki
Published: January 2019

In this study, we apply the drying model of polymer solution coated on a flat substrate to the spray drying granulation process in formulation. In order to apply the former model to the drying of this spherical object, we consider this spherical object to be a stack of solution films applied on the spherical shell and discuss the drying process of each solution film. As a result, we see that the smaller the radius of curvature of the droplet, the more the fine particles tend to be unevenly distributed on the surface of the droplets during drying.   Keywords: model, numerical simulation, spray drying granulation, spherical, droplets
The effect of ohmic heating pretreatment on drying of apple
Authors: Isci Aslı , Kutlu Naciye , Yilmaz Merve Silanur , Arslan Hicran , Sakiyan Ozge
Published: January 2019

In this study, effects of ohmic pretreatment on the drying rates and color kinetics of apple were investigated. Apple slices were treated at different electric field strengths (20-30 and 40 V/cm) at 60°C for 1 min. Drying process was applied at 60˚C-2 m/s by using a tray-dryer. ΔE and moisture content were calculated. These values were fitted to the semi-theoretical thin-layer drying and the zero and first-order kinetic model. The shortest drying time was found samples treated with 30 V/cm. Wang&Singh model gave the superior fit to the experimental data. ΔE fitted well to the zero-order kinetic model.Keywords: Ohmic heating, drying, kinetic models, thin-layer models, apple.
Spray drying of lipid nanosystems (SLN and NLC) loaded with Syzygium aromaticum essential oil
Authors: Rosa Debora Morais , Oliveira Wanderley Pereira
Published: January 2019

A quality by design approach was used to investigate the influence of formulation composition and spray drying conditions on physicochemical properties of redispersable lipid based nanosystems loaded with Syzygium aromaticum essential oil. Four critical independent variables were studied: presence or absence of the liquid lipid oleic acid (0% - 1%), of the cationic surfactant CTAB (0% and 1%), inlet drying temperature (60 ºC -80 ºC), and ratio of the drying aids (ADJ) regarded to total formulation constituents weight (1:1 and 2:1). Resuls showed the production of spray dried redispersable  lipid systems loaded with essential is feasible under very restrict conditions. Keywords: Encapsulation; lipid systems; essential oil; spray drying; redispersable.
Application of Multivariate Image Analysis to Thermal Images for in line Monitoring of the Freeze-Drying Process
Authors: Colucci Domenico , Prats-Montalban José Manuel , Fissore Davide , Ferrer Riquelme Alberto
Published: January 2019

A new Process Analytical Technology (PAT) has been developed and tested for on-line process monitoring of a vacuum freeze-drying process. The sensor uses an infrared camera to obtain thermal images of the ongoing process and multivariate image analysis (MIA) to extract the information after automatic detection and segmentation of the region corresponding to the product in every vial. A reference model was built, using the information of six batches, and different kind of anomalous events, involving either single vials in the batch or the whole batch, were simulated to test the capacity of the MIA-based monitoring system to promptly identify them. Keywords: freeze-drying; process monitoring; infrared image; multivariate image analysis.
Semi empirical models for drying of agricultural products by used structured artificial neural network
Authors: Bessenyei Kornél , Kurják Zoltán , Beke János
Published: January 2019

We compared a semi empirical and an empirical model. The empirical model is a multilayer ANN. The semi empirical model is a custom multilayer ANN. It is a structured model, and we define the structure by hand before the training of the network. The influence of the neuron numbers on the accuracy of the models was also investigated by statistical approach. We found that the custom multilayer ANNs developed like this, are suitable for modelling the drying process of agricultural materials. They also provide the ability to improve the applicability of the empirical models. Furthermore, the semi empirical model has a higher sensitivity on neuron number applied. Keywords: drying; energetics; artificial neural network; semi-empirical model.
Moisture sorption isotherms and isosteric heat sorption of habanero pepper (Capsicum chínense) dehydrated powder
Authors: Luna-Flores Mario , Peña-Juarez Mariana Gisela , Bello-Ramirez Angélica Mara , Telis-Romero Javier , Luna-Solano Guadalupe
Published: January 2019

Moisture sorption isotherms of the habanero pepper powder were determined using the Dynamic Vapor Sorption (DVS) method at 20, 25, 35, 45 and 55 °C in a range of water activity from 0.10 to 0.90 at which the processes of drying, packing and storage of habanero pepper are developed. The sorption capacity decreased with increasing temperature at a given water activity and the sorption isotherms showed a sigmoid form (Type II). The hysteresis phenomenon was observed in the sorption isotherms at all temperatures studied and it was more pronounced at temperatures high. The experimental sorption curves were fitting to the GAB, BET and Oswin models. It was concluded that the models that best describe the adsorption and desorption data for habanero pepper dehydrated powder were the GAB and Oswin models.  The isosteric heat of water sorption was calculated with the moisture content data in equilibrium. The desorption isotherms present a higher isosteric heat in relation to the adsorption isotherms. In both, the isosteric heat decreased as the moisture content increased. Keywords: Habanero pepper dehydrated powder; Convective drying; Moisture sorption isotherms; Mathematic models
Observation of microstructure change during freeze-drying by in-situ X-ray Computed Tomography
Authors: Nakagawa Kyuya , Tamiya Shinri , Sakamoto Shu , Do Gabsoo , Kono Shinji , Ochiai Takaaki
Published: January 2019

X-ray computed tomography technique was used to observe microstructure formation during freeze-drying. A specially designed vacuum freeze-drying stage was equipped at the X-ray CT stage, and the frozen and dried microstructures of dextrin solutions were successfully observed. It was confirmed that the many parts of the pore microstructures formed as a replica of the original ice microstructures, whereas some parts formed as a consequence of the dehydration dependent on the relaxation level of the glassy phases, suggesting that the post-freezing annealing is advantageous for avoiding quality loss that relates to the structural deformation of glassy matters. Keywords: freeze-drying; X-ray CT; ice microstructure; glassy state
Nutritional potential of dehydrated residues from rice milk production
Authors: Fakhouri F. M. , Silva Luan Ramos , Casari A. C. A. B. , Velasco J. I.
Published: January 2019

The aim of this work was to verify the influence of drying on physical and chemical characteristics of residues from rice milk production. Residues were from the production of white, red and black rice. They were dehydrated in an oven with air circulation at 60ºC for 8h. Characterization of them were carried out by physical and chemical analyses. Residues have presented statistical difference for all parameters measured. Its characterization is necessary to justify its use in other process or application on new products.The residues from rice milk production have high content of nutrients and phenolic compounds, even after dehydration. Keywords: Nutrients; Oryza sativa; waste.
Solar convective drying kinetics and sorption isotherms of Citrus aurantium flowers
Authors: Abdenouri Naji , El Ferouali Hicham , Zoukit Ahmed , Doubabi Said
Published: January 2019

Citrus aurantium flowers are high value aromatic and medicinal plants. The storage conditions and quality of dried Citrus aurantium flowers depends on their hygroscopic stability. The equilibrium moisture content was determined at temperatures (from 30 to 60 °C), and the sorption phenomenon is well described by Peleg model. The optimal water activity for the storage of the product was estimated at awop=0.373. Afterwards, the net isosteric heat was evaluated in the range of 88 kJ.mol−1 for small values of the moisture content (Xeq=0.14kg water/kg d.b), and it decreased along with the increase of Xeq. The experimental drying curves showed only a falling rate period. Finally, Midilli-Kucuk model was found to be the more suitable to describe the drying kinetic of Citrus aurantium flowers. Keywords: Drying kinetics; Solar energy; Modeling; Citrus aurantium; Sorption isotherms; Conservation process
Description of atmospheric freeze-drying process of organic apples using thermo-physical properties
Authors: Tolstorebrov Ignat , Eikevik Trygve Magne , Petrova Inna , Shokina Yulia , Bantle Michael
Published: January 2019

This study discusses the influence of temperature and total moisture content on ice fraction in organic apples during atmospheric freeze-drying process. The ice formation of glass transition events were described by Clausius-Clapeyron and Gordon Taylor equations. The obtained data is essential for design the drying process and for understanding the limiting factors.Keywords: ice fraction, organic apples, atmospheric freeze/drying, glass transition
Coating effect of micro-sized droplets impacting on low temperature spherical particles
Authors: Li Zhanyong , Wu Xiusheng , Ma Xiaoyu , Xu Qing , Wang Ruifang
Published: January 2019

In this paper, the effect of spray droplets on the coating of cold spherical particles was studied.The microcapsule granulator produces micron-sized droplets to coat the spherical particles in cold storage, and the high-definition camera and precision balance are used to photograph and weigh the particles before and after the spraying. The droplets are obtained by using the image and data processing technology coating area and coating quality, the droplet coating effect was evaluated by a number of dimensionless parameters such as coating ratio and mass ratio.By orthogonal design experiment and uncertainty analysis, the effects of droplet size and flow rate, spherical particle temperature and diameter on coating effect were studied, and the effect of droplet group coating on low temperature spherical particles was obtained. Keywords: Spray freeze drying; Droplets; Coating; Spherical particles.
Drying characteristics of wastewater sludge according to outside air inflow conditions
Authors: Oh Sang Hyun , Park Ki Ho , Yu Byoung Hyuk , Kim Sung Il
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes of drying efficiency according to the inflow conditions of outside air into the drying equipment during the drying process in order to reduce the energy used in the drying process of sludge. We conducted the experiment using a vertical thin film dryer. Materials used for the experiment are sewage sludge. As a result of the study, higher drying efficiency was obtained in the case of outside air inflow than in the case of no outside air inflow. In addition, optimum condition of outside air inflow was derived. Keywords: Drying; Sludge; Drying efficiency; Air inflow condition
Effect of incorporation of blackberry particles obtained by freeze drying on physicochemical properties of edible films
Authors: De Oliveira Rafael Augustus , Nogueira Gislaine Ferreira , Fakhouri Farayde Matta
Published: January 2019

This research work aimed to evaluate the physicochemical properties of arrowroot starch films plasticized with glycerol and incorporated in film-forming solution directly (D) and by sprinkling (S) with 0%, 20%, 30%, 40% (mass blackberry solids / biopolymer mass) of blackberry pulp (BL) powder and freeze dried microencapsulated blackberry pulp (ML) using mixture of gum arabic and arrowroot starch (1: 1, mass / mass). Thickness, water solubility and water vapour permeability of the films significantly increased with increasing concentration of blackberry powder. Compared to arrowroot starch film (0%), the surface of films with BL and ML powder became irregular and rough. Keywords: Lyophilization; microstructure; water solubility; water vapor permeability; packing.
Augmenting natural convection and conduction based solar dryer
Authors: Thorat B. , Chavan A. , Sikarwar A. , Tidke V.
Published: January 2019

Solar conduction dryer (SCD) is a unique technology that uses conduction, convection and radiation mechanism of heat transfer making it one of the most efficient drying system. The SCD is one of the most effective piece of equipment’s designed indigenously and it has tremendous potential to capitalize in erstwhile nations of tropical and torrid region where there is abundance of solar insolation. SCD, the most cost-effective dryer which runs on no electricity has already made inroads in the global market. In the present study, CFD studies were carried out for a given geometry and the corresponding boundary conditions. Keywords: Solar Energy; Solar Conduction Dryer; CFD modeling