bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examination of Learned Helplessness and Problem Solving Skills Between Candidate Students Who Applied to the Faculty of Sport Sciences Talent Exam and Students Who Have Definite Registration
Authors: Tüzer Bekir Furkan , Demırel Havva
Published: December 2024

Background: In this study, it was aimed to measure the learned helplessness and problem solving skills levels of the candidates who participated in the Selcuk University Faculty of Sport Sciences special talent exam.
Methods: The study was conducted on a total of 1325 candidates, 317 females and 1008 males, who applied for the special talent exam, and 200 students who passed the exam. The problem solving skill scale, learned helplessness scale and personal information form were used in the study In addition, independent t-test and paired-sample t-test analyses were performed.
Results: According to the results of the research, we found that the problem solving skill levels of the individuals were high in the factors of attending a course, being an athlete and being accepted to the school. In addition, it was seen that the problem solving skills of the individuals who won the school were higher in the first test and the first measurements of the accepted girls. The learned helplessness levels of men and women who did not pass the exam were found to be higher than those who passed the exam.
Conclusions: It can be stated that the mental endurance and problem solving skills of individuals who attend the pre-exam course and support these courses by doing sports will develop positively. It can be said that as problem solving skills increase, the level of learned helplessness will decrease.
*This study was created from the author's master's thesis.
DİJİTAL MİRASIN MİRASÇILARA İNTİKALİNDE KİŞİSEL VERİLERİN KORUNMASI SORUNU
Authors: Aldemir Toprak İpek Betül
Published: December 2024

İnternet, dijitalleşmenin etkisiyle artık yaşantımızın ayrılmaz bir parça-sıdır. Öyle ki, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu tarafından 29 Ağustos 2023 yılında yayınlanan “Hanehalkı Bilişim Teknolojileri (BT) Kullanım Araştır-ması 2023” raporuna göre Türkiye’de internete erişim imkânı olan hane oranı %95,5’tir. 16-74 yaş grubundaki kişilerde internet kullanım oranı ise %87,1’dir . Artık ağ bağlantılı dünyada izlerimizi ve varlıklarımızı yalnızca fiziksel olarak değil, dijital olarak da bırakıyoruz. Sosyal med-ya platformlarında vakit geçiriyor, internette resim, video ve metin pay-laşıyor, e-posta, SMS, iMessage ve Whatsapp aracılığıyla iletişim kuru-yoruz. Alışverişlerimizi çevrimiçi gerçekleştiriyor, banka hesaplarımızı ve sağlık sigortamızı akıllı telefonlarımız üzerinden yönetiyor veya ödeme yapıyoruz. Buna karşın her geçen gün artan sayısıyla sosyal medya hesapları başta olmak üzere tüm dijital varlıkların akıbetinin, kullanıcıların ölümü halinde ne olacağı önemli bir sorundur. Zira bir dijital veri kullanıcısının ölümünden sonra, çok çeşitli dijital verileri çe-şitli çevrimiçi ve çevrimdışı yerlerde kalır. Buna rağmen, hukuk bilimi, miras bırakan, muhatabı üçüncü kişiler, mirasçı ve ölümünden sonra bile yasal yükümlülükleri yerine getirmek zorunda olan hizmet sağlayı-cısı için henüz herhangi bir çözüm geliştirmemektedir.
ORTAK HAYATIN YENİDEN KURULAMAMASI (FİİLİ AYRILIK) SEBEBİ İLE BOŞANMAYI DÜZENLEYEN KURALIN İPTALİ ÜZERİNE DEĞERLENDİRMELER
Authors: Bekar Pınar Alkım
Published: December 2024

Ortak hayatın kurulamaması ile boşanma (bir diğer anlamı ile fiili ayrılık) 1988 yılın-da Türk Medeni Kanunumuza getirildiği günden itibaren yaklaşık otuz altı yıl uygulanmıştır ve 22.04.2024 tarihinde Anayasa Mahkemesi tarafından, Anayasa’nın 13. ve 20. maddelerine aykırılık teşkil etmesi sebebi ile iptal edilmiştir. Eşler arasında, daha önce açılmış bir boşanma davasının reddedilmesi ve ret kararının kesinleşmesinden itibaren üç yıl boyunca ortak hayat kurulamamış ise bu süre geçtikten sonra tekrar açılacak boşanma davasında, evlilik birliğinin temelinden sarsılması karinesinin işlerlik kazanması ile boşanma kararı verilmesine, ortak hayatın kurulamaması ile boşanma denir. Sözü edilen kuralın Anayasa Mahkemesi tarafından iptal edilmesi sonucu mevzuatımızda yeni bir düzenleme ihtiyacı doğmuştur.
Assessing and Improving the Cybersecurity of the Topology of Critical Information Infrastructure Objects in Global Cyberspace
Authors:   G.E. Pukhov Institute for Modelling in Energy Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zubok V. , Dubynskyi G. ,   G.E. Pukhov Institute for Modelling in Energy Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: December 2024

Risk-informed approaches to the organization of the topology of critical information infrastruc-ture during its design and modernization are proposed. Recommendations are provided to in-crease the protection of critical information assets from such attacks, the vector of which is ex-ternal connections (connections in cyberspace) of the critical information infrastructure object (CII), and references are also provided to good practices for assessing information security risks. The presented recommendations describe additional measures that detail or complement more general procedures performed in the information security cycle.
Determination of stiffness of three-dimensional composition of elastic balls under conditions of uniaxial compression
Authors: Shevchenko Heorhii , Tytov Oleksandr , Haddad Jamil , Samodryha Oleh , Krasnokutskyi Oleksandr
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study is to develop analytical dependencies for the uniaxial stiffness of a spatial composition of elastic balls of same diameter, considering its volumetric structure. A review of the literature was conducted regarding types of ball packings that have practical applications for describing the structure of crystals, composite materials, and ball mill loadings of various types. For calculating the stiffness of a three-dimensional composition of balls, the study is based on G. Hertz's theory of elastic ball contact. According to this theory, the relationship between compressive force and the center-to-center displacement of balls is nonlinear with an exponent of 1.5. By spatially combining individual ball contacts, the nonlinear stiffness for simple cubic and face-centered cubic packings of balls under uniaxial compression was determined. These packing types were chosen as boundary cases of regular ball packings: the former as the least dense possible packing and the latter as the densest.
Initially, the stiffness of a single layer of ball packing in a plane perpendicular to the compression force was determined by summing the parallel-connected stiffnesses of all balls. Next, the total stiffness of the spatial composition of balls compressed between two massive plates was calculated through sequential combination of the stiffnesses of all single layers along the height of the composition. Differences in the stiffness of elemental ball contacts, both between themselves and with the bounding plate layer, were taken into consideration.
As a result, formulas were derived for determining the uniaxial stiffness of the spatial ball composition for the two boundary packing types, depending on the elastic properties of the ball material and massive boundaries, the ball diameter, and the dimensions of the deformed ball composition.
The comparison of packing stiffnesses did not account for the friction coefficient due to its minor influence and its significant reduction under conditions of vibration or the presence of liquid at ball contacts. It was concluded that, firstly, the stiffness of a ball composition in a face-centered cubic packing slightly exceeds that of a simple cubic packing, within the permissible error margins of engineering calculations. Secondly, the formulas for face-centered cubic ball packing are more suitable for practical calculations. Thirdly, the results of the study can be used for modeling the stress-strain state of technological ball loadings in vibratory, planetary, and other types of mills; for modeling the behavior of layers made of solid bulk materials with approximately isometric particle shapes; and for determining the elasticity of frames in composite material fillers with significant differences in the elastic properties of their components.
MODEL OF THE PROCESS OF PROCESSING THE EDGES OF AEROSPACE PARTS WITH FREE ABRASIVE USING AIR JETS
Authors:   National University Zaporizhzhia Polytechnic, Kachan O. Ya. , Ulanov S. O. ,   National University Zaporizhzhia Polytechnic
Published: December 2024

In this work, models of the process of machining the surfaces of parts edges with free abrasive in a fluidized state using air jets
were developed to determine the process parameters that ensure a high level of quality. Theoretical studies were carried out on the
proposed model of the process of machining the surfaces of parts edges with free abrasive grain in a fluidized state using air jets.
In the research, the initial equations were based on the known dependencies for the dynamic pressure of air jets hitting an
obstacle and the change in the parameters of plane jets along the path of their expansion from the nozzle cut to the treated
surface. At the same time, the scheme of expansion of the plane jet flowing from the nozzle and the dependencies for determining
its main parameters were considered.
A model of the process of machining the surfaces of the edges of parts with a free abrasive in a fluidized state using air jets was
developed. According to the proposed model, the surface of the edge of the part is treated by exposure to the abrasive medium,
which is in a fluidized state, with an air jet. In this case, the symmetry axis of the air jet is directed along the bisector of the angle
of the workpiece edge.
When the air jet flows out of the nozzle, it expands symmetrically about its axis.
Analytical studies of the proposed model of the process of machining the surfaces of parts’ edges made it possible to establish
the main regularities and determine the main parameters of the machining process.
Based on the developed model and the obtained regularities of the process of machining the edges of parts with a free abrasive
in a fluidized state using air jets, the technological features of machining the surfaces of the edges of parts that provide a high
level of quality parameters have been established.
DESIGN OF TECHNICAL SYSTEMS USING SIMULATION-HARDWARE MODELING COMPLEXES
Authors:   National Space Agency, Prisyazhniy V. I.
Published: December 2024

Context. Radar means of space control are large science-intensive technical systems. The development of the new generation
of radar stations is a complex process related not only to the search for new technical solutions and technologies but also to the
assessment of their effectiveness in terms of parameters and cost.
The domestic school of designing and creating space control systems has great scientific and technical potential, which allows
the developmentof promising radars. However, the development of such systems is carried out with the exception of several stag-
es, which are established according to the regulatory procedure, since the creation of functionally finished systems and the sys-
tem as a whole is possible only at the exploitation place, therefore the manufacturing process is startedimmediately. The bench
equipment used for product testing due to its monofunctionality cannot provide the verificationof functionally finished systems.
Ensuring the effective implementation of the objective functions requires a long and expensive process of finding new circuit
solutions using the developed equipment as a test bench, which consumes its resources. Solving the problem is possible only by
creating a tool that would allow the developer to conduct the entire list of tests of the entire system hierarchy directly during the
development process. Such a tool can be created using simulation-hardware modeling complexes.
Objective. The goal of the work is to study the possibility of developing simulation-hardware modeling complexes for testing
prospective science-intensive complex technical systems.
Method. The method of imitation and semi-natural modeling is used.
Results. The main methods of building a simulation-hardware complex have been developed and the possibility of using
simulation tools, models, and standard technological radar equipment to form its architecture has been substantiated. It is
shown that the creation of new complexes can be based both on the use of already existing systems in the operational radar and
on the development of new elements.
Conclusions. The presence of scientific and technical development and practical experience of the domestic developer of the
space control radar makes the implementation of the new complex quite realistic, and the implementation of the test technology
and practice using the simulation hardware complex will allow to reduce the total development costs.
CALCULATION OF THE REGIONAL ELLIPSOID FOR UKRAINE AND ITS EFFICIENCY
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Sohor A. R. , Marchenko D. O. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Kryva K. O. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: December 2024

The novelty and relevance of scientific solutions lies in the need to build a national reference system, namely, to determine the
parameters of the regional ellipsoid. The methodology of such a scientific study consists of the fact that the task of determining
the regional ellipsoid practically boils down to finding corrections to the general terrestrial ellipsoid GRS80 adopted by us. The
regional ellipsoid for the territory of Ukraine should be the one that would best represent the geoid (quasi-geoid) of the given
region. That is, the heights of the geoid relative to the regional ellipsoid within the territory of Ukraine should be as small as
possible.
The purpose of the article is to obtain the parameters of the regional ellipsoid for the territory of Ukraine and to study the
effectiveness of such a reference system in solving some practical and scientific problems of geodesy.
Thus, based on the results of the above studies, the following can be noted. The determination of all five parameters of the re-
gional ellipsoid is caused by a strong functional dependence of the parameters among themselves. This dependence (correlation)
is quite well demonstrated by the mean square error values, which are commensurate with the obtained parameters and even
exceed the latter. Moreover, the greatest correlation occurs between the correction to the semimajor axis of the ellipsoid and the
linear elements of the displacement of its center in the body of the Earth. Taking into account these remarks, we can conclude
that the joint finding of all five parameters by the least squares method for the territory of Ukraine does not give us the expected
good results. This is clearly visible from the calculations of geoid heights, presented in the form of a spheroidal trapezoid, which
describes the territory of Ukraine. In contrast to such a solution, research on the determination of only three parameters of the
displacement of the ellipsoid with its given dimensions makes it possible to quite well choose such a regional ellipsoid that would
best represent the geoid (quasi-geoid) built on the territory of Ukraine. Solving these problems showed us very different results
obtained from the same data for the same territory. This leads us to the need to conduct additional research on obtaining correct
solutions to so-called unstable or ill-conditioned problems
Finns-Ingermanlanders and Cross-Cultural Dynamics of the Suburban Area of Saint Petersburg
Authors: Martynov Vasiliy L. , Balabeykina Olga  A. , Korolyov Luka  A. , Sazonova Irina  E.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Cross-culturality has always been and remains a defining feature of territories where representatives of various ethno-cultural groups interact. In Northwestern Russia, this process has reached its greatest development in Saint Petersburg and its suburbs. While the cross-culturality of the city has been studied to some extent by researchers, the intersection of cultures in the suburban area has been explored far less frequently. The aim of this study is to identify and characterize manifestations of cross-culturality in the suburban areas of Saint Petersburg, using the residential zones of the Finns-Ingermanlanders as a case study..
Materials and Methods. The research object is the areas of compact settlement of the Finns-Ingermanlanders within the suburban zone of Saint Petersburg, where almost the entire subethnic group was concentrated. To assess the cross-cultural characteristics of the selected region, an original system of indicative indicators was developed and applied, serving as the basis for a criterion analysis. The materials utilized include census data, publicly available information from official websites of various organizations (religious, museum-related, etc.), as well as data collected in the field through the participant observation method.
Results and Discussion. The authors tested a methodology for the criterial assessment of a region’s cross-cultural characteristics, using the example of the area inhabited by the Finns-Ingermanlanders population in Saint Petersburg and certain districts of the Leningrad Region. Indicators such as the quantitative and qualitative components of the toponymic system, the number of Lutheran religious infrastructure objects, the ethnic composition of the population in historical and contemporary contexts, and the presence of museum exhibits and tourist routes thematically linked to the material culture of the Finnish-Ingrians were utilized.
Conclusion. The authors’ conclusions contribute to the development of research on ethno-confessional topics related to Finns who lived in areas adjacent to St. Petersburg. The proposed model for assessing the cross-cultural nature of the region is universal and can be applied to other locations. The materials of the article may be useful in the development of thematic tourist routes covering the suburban areas of St. Petersburg.
Ethnofuturism and Traditional Udmurt Ideas about the Future
Authors: Anfinogenov Bogdan V.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The problem of the traditional ideas of the Udmurt people about time and space, including their attitude to the future, is significant for modern science. Despite the numerous publications on this issue, there is practically no research on the refraction of traditional Udmurt ideas about the future in the Udmurt ethnofuturist movement, and their vision of the future of ethnic culture in this context. The purpose of the study is to try to fill this gap by examining and analyzing exactly what traditional ideas exist in Udmurt culture and how ethnofuturists use them in their work.
Materials and Methods. The research material was the works devoted to the topic of the future in the traditional Udmurt culture, as well as sources (articles in periodicals, collections, catalogs), where the vision of the future by ethnofuturists is presented. The study was conducted based on a comparative analysis of the sources and the phenomena described in them. During field research, the interview method was used.
Results and Discussion. The study proves that some modern manifestations and forms of the ethnofuturist movement are associated with the image of the future in traditional culture. The traditional Udmurt model of a bright and ideal future is presented in the concepts of ethnofuturist festivals and the manifesto of ethnofuturists. In traditional culture, there are also examples of a negative (eschatological) scenario of the future, recorded, for example, in the ending of the Udmurt epic and some legends. A reflection on the future of their people close to them is found in the works of poets and writers close to the ethnofuturist movement.
Conclusion. The author’s conclusions contribute to the development of modern ethnological science in the context of studying the relationship of new cultural phenomena in the life of the Udmurt people and their traditional culture and worldview. The materials of the article can be useful to ethnologists, cultural scientists, art historians, folklorists, socio-cultural workers, and anyone interested in modern Udmurt ethnic culture.
Regulation and Characteristics of Reserving Budget Funds in Russian Regions
Authors: Timushev Evgeniy N. , Yagovkina Vita A.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The relevance is due to the fact that very little attention is paid to this topic in domestic papers despite the importance of reserving budget funds as an instrument of countercyclical policy and sustainability of regional development. The purpose of the study is to identify the peculiarities of reserve funds regulation in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which will allow a better understanding of the motivation and incentives of the authorities and their risk management activities.
Materials and Methods. With the help of general scientific methods the analysis of regional laws on reserve fund and budget process and profile governmental resolutions for each subject of the Russian Federation was carried out, the original database on the main features of reserve funds at the regional level in Russia was created. This made it possible to systematize disparate information on various aspects of budget reserves in Russian regions, highlight common features and peculiarities – a step towards improving the institution of reserving funds to ensure regional financial stability.
Results. The main features and differences between the reserve fund of the subject of the Russian Federation as a public legal entity and the reserve fund (funds) of the executive authority of the subject are identified. It has been established that the reserve fund of the subject of the Russian Federation as a public legal entity is provided for by legislation in not more than half of the regions of the Russian Federation, while the reserve fund of the executive authority operates in every subject. The sources of the funds are, as a rule, a sharp increase in tax and non-tax revenues during the year and the balance on accounts at the beginning of the year. Areas of expenditures from the fund are usually limited and universal, but depending on the conditions of a particular region they can be diverse.
Discussion and Conclusion. The reserve fund of the subject of the Russian Federation remains an unpopular instrument. Unlike the reserve fund of the executive authority, its formation is not necessary, and there is no and spending of funds in the regions. The practical implication consists in the possibility of supplementing the measures of the federal policy of financial stability, as well as in the use of the presented results at the level of a regional administration regarding the experience of other regions in terms of regulation and the practice of formation and of reserve funds.
Circular Economy in Agricultural Production: Potential for Implementation in New Institutional Conditions
Authors: Tereshina Maria V. , Tyaglov Sergey G. , Atamas Evgeniya V.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The concept of circular agricultural production is a promising trend for ensuring food security and reducing current negative environmental effects. The aim of the study is to analyse the prospects for the development of a circular economy in the agricultural sector of the Krasnodar Territory in the new institutional environment.
Materials and Methods. The research process used the methods of critical analysis of modern literature, analysis of official statistical data, regulatory and programme documents that form the institutional framework for the development of closed-loop economy in agriculture. The main regulatory and program documents influencing the current and future institutional transformations of a circular economy in agriculture and the valorization of generated agricultural waste are analyzed.
Results. The differential characteristics of the concept of circular agricultural production are determined; the basic principles and limitations of a circular economy in agriculture are highlighted, as well as the benefits and costs of a circular transition in agriculture. Some specific characteristics of agricultural production in Krasnodar Territory are described, which determine the priority of implementing circular practices.
Discussion and Conclusions. It has been revealed that the emerging model for managing the circular transition in agricultural production in our country has a “top-down” character with the determining role of governmental institutions. This model has both undeniable advantages and areas of deficiency. The transformation of the characteristics of this model will occur under the influence of the specific characteristics of Russian regions. The results of the study are important for executive authorities and business structures for the institutional design of the introduction of circular economy in the agricultural sector of the Krasnodar Territory and other agricultural regions.
Communication of Local Governments and the Population in Social Media: Regions of the Ural Federal District
Authors: Savchuk Galina A. , Bannykh Galina A. , Kulpin Sergey V. , Kurashov Ruslan M.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The relevance of the topic is determined by the need for a practical solution to the problem of communication assessment of local government bodies with the population in social media. The lack of an effective methodology for such an assessment and its results increases the importance of this work. The purpose of the article is to analyse the success of communication of the executive authorities of the municipal entities of the Ural Federal District with the population on the official pages of the social network “VKontakte” and to offer the success index.
Materials and Methods. The authors used the database of official accounts of municipal, municipal district and municipal area administrations (n = 203) and heads of corresponding municipalities (n = 198) of the regions of the Urals Federal District in the social network “VKontakte”. The data were collected using the parsing tool Cerebro 3.0; the data were analyzed using both standard indicators of social network analysis and those proposed by the authors. The index method was used to summarize the data. This approach made it possible to systematize and aggregate heterogeneous information in order to compare the objects of analysis.
Results. The authors have developed and tested on the materials of the regions of the Urals Federal District a methodology for calculating the index of success of communication between local governments and the population in the social network “VKontakte”. It has also been demonstrated that higher publication activity does not unequivocally lead to more successful communication outcomes. It is revealed that in most cases, municipalities with small populations are the most successful communicators. It is noted that subscriber engagement is higher in the accounts of heads of municipalities compared to the accounts of municipal administrations.
Discussion and Conclusion. The authors’ proposed methodology for assessing the success of local government communications helps to identify the most successful practices, differentiate municipalities and regions. The index allows to go from evaluation of information openness to analysis of content published and recommendations on how to what content is needed to be more successful in communicating with the public. The results of the study will be useful for state and municipal employees involved in communication with the public.
The Impact of Economic Diversification on Labor Productivity in Russian Regions
Authors: Grishina Irina V. , Polynev Andrey O. , Ugryumova Alexandra A.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Achieving national goals requires reducing the dependence on commodity exports based on the diversification of the economic structure, which has its own characteristics in regions with different industrial specialization, having a different impact on labor productivity. The purpose of the article is to determine the impact of diversification of the regional sectoral structure on the level and dynamics of labor productivity in the regions.
Materials and Methods. In the first block, the impact of economic diversification on the dynamics of labor productivity and economic activity in the regions was assessed. I. In the second block, the assessment of the impact of the development of regional of types of economic activities of specialization and types of economic activities of the reserve of specialization was carried out by assessing the levels of labor productivity, innovation activity and export orientation of types of economic activities. The structural and sectoral typology of regions was used to form differentiated proposals on regional policy priorities.
Results. The estimates obtained for 2010‒2021 showed the absence of a pronounced rigid relationship between the nature of changes in labor productivity and the level of economic diversification in Russia’s regions: geographically differentiated combinations of them were identified, which determines the need for a selective approach to determining the priorities of state support for regions.
Discussion and Conclusion. The practical implementation of the study should be the clarification of the priorities of the state regional policy to support the effective diversificationof of the economy of the Russian regions based on the accelerated development of their new specialized industries with high levels of innovation activity and export orientation. The prospects of the study are related to the substantiation of specific mechanisms to support the advanced development of a complex of high-tech types of economic activity in the regions.
Voluntary Activities of Student Youth in Condition of Modern Russian Society
Authors: Nyatina Natalia V. , Golovatskiy Evgeniy V. , Grigorik Nikita N.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The relevance of the research is conditioned by the presence of a sustainable institutional request of the authorities and the public sector regarding the development of youth civic potential. However, young people demonstrate an inert format of mobilisation of social activity resources. The aim of the study is to analyse the dynamic environment of student volunteer activity. Young people’s choices and evaluations of the content, scope and variety of voluntary activities shows obvious vectors of typical choice, resource uniqueness, and also demonstrates examples of a number of typological regional areas and topics.
Materials and Methods. The study used a systems approach and structural-functional analysis in order to substantiate the issue of regional student volunteering. . The basis for the analysis was the results of the authors’ own research on the topic: “Volunteer activity of student youth in Kuzbass” (n = 715), conducted in 2023–2024, reports on the implementation of volunteer projects in the Kemerovo region – Kuzbass for 2022.
Results. The implementation of volunteer activities in the region can be carried out in a consolidated manner or have multidirectional vectors for applying the activity and resource potential of student youth. The conditions of socio-political communication determine a certain dynamics, intensity, and temporality of volunteer activities. Analysis of the results of a questionnaire survey among young people revealed a contradiction: respondents offer recommendations for practical improvement in the organization of volunteer activities, but find it difficult to identify the subjects of implementation of these changes.
Discussion and Conclusion. Student volunteering is defined as an interaction that is built in the form of interactive multifunctional relationships, when the interests of the parties involved are interconnected in a combination of requests from the drivers of volunteering, stakeholders and experts, as well as the performers of the volunteer role themselves. The results obtained are of practical significance for volunteer organizers, regional supervisors, authorities, directly to regional volunteer communities and young people.
Investigating the Soil Hardness on Personal Subsidiary and Individual Peasant Farms
Authors: Ulanov Aleksandr S. , Kupryashkin Vladimir F. , Naumkin Nikolay I. , Naumkin Dmitry A.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Vegetable growing is one of the most important branches of agricultural production. Production of vegetables is carried out in both agricultural enterprises and on personal subsidiary and individual peasant farms. Growing vegetable crops on personal subsidiary and individual peasant farms involves tillage: plowing, cultivation, milling, etc. For tillage, there are actively used small tools, in particular tillers. The experience of their use and the research on the effectiveness of their functioning allow identifying ways to improve tillage quality.Aim of the Study. The study is aimed at identifying the hardness of medium-loamy gray forest soil on different soil horizons typical for growing fruits and vegetables in personal subsidiary and individual peasant farms.Materials and Methods. To measure the soil hardness, there are used different types of penetrometers: percussion, statically loaded and forcibly pressing a deformer (cone, cy­linder, and ball) into the soil. In the study, instruments and devices for measuring the soil hardness were analyzed. The scheme of the soil hardness analysis included measurements after harvesting the following crops: potatoes dug using a motor cultivator with a passive potato digger, potatoes dug with a hand tool (shovel), fodder beets, squashes, and common onions. The soil hardness was measured using a hardness tester (penetrometer) manufactured by Wile Soil.Results. The use of hardness testers in personal subsidiary and individual peasant farms is difficult due to their high cost and to the fact that the most part of these devices are specialized laboratory equipment, which require specific skills when used. Analyzing the soil hardness on personal subsidiary and individual peasant farms in the post-harvest period is a relevant task for optimal functioning of tillers, namely, it will allow operators to use the most efficient modes for tillage that will increase the tillage unit performance.Discussion and Conclusions. Based on the analysis of the results of the experimental stu­dies, there have been obtained the regression equations that allow determining the value of the hardness of medium-loamy gray forest soil from a depth (up to 20 cm) in the period after harvesting crops, which are the most common for growing in personal subsidiary and individual peasant farms of the Republic of Mordovia.
Effect of Animal and Poultry Manure Processing Technologies on Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Authors: Briukhanov Aleksandr Yu. , Romanovskaya Anna A. , Shalavina Ekaterina V. , Vasilev Eduard V. , Vertyankina Victoria Yu.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The agricultural sector is one of the most important sources of anthropogenic emissions. The correct accounting of greenhouse gas emissions in this sector depends on technologies used to process animal/poultry manure. To date, there is a lack of research to adjust the methane and nitrous oxide emissions from existing animal/poultry manure sto­rages, because of the variety of technologies used. This is why the methodological approach developed to estimate the annual emissions of methane and nitrous oxide is so important.Aim of the Study. The study is aimed at determining the impact of manure and litter processing technologies on annual emissions of methane and nitrous oxide.Materials and Methods. To determine the emission of nitrous oxide and methane, there were calculated mass of animal/poultry manure and its total nitrogen and carbon content; there were analysed manure processing technologies such as long-term manure storing, passive and active composting, biofermentation, drying and granulation, incineration. There were performed calculations for two options: 1) according to the National Inventory of Anthropogenic Emissions, taking into account the share of manure processed with the use of each technology in 2022; 2) according to the actual data of technology distribution in 2022. The predictive estimate for the period up to 2030 was made for regions in the North-Western Federal District of the Russian Federation.Results. The study analysed animal and poultry housing technologies at three types of enterprises: agricultural organizations, peasant (private) farms, and household farms. There was calculated the animal/poultry manure mass generated at each type of enterpri­ses and determined the share of manure processed with the use of each technology. Based on the data of the North-Western Federal District, there were calculated methane and nitrous oxide emissions in 2022 in CO2-eq.Discussion and Conclusions. There was estimated the effect of manure collection and sto­rage technologies on methane and nitrous oxide emissions. The obtained data on emissions exceeded by 35.6% (methane) and 14.2% (nitrous oxide) those calculated by the methods used in National Inventory indicating their refinement expediency. Categorization of agricultural enterprises makes calculations simpler for regional and national assessments. The refined data on manure collection and storing technologies and the emissions specific for these technologies will help to perform prediction calculations and determine options for technological upgrading to mitigate GHG emissions.
Additive Technologies for Production and Repair of Agricultural Equipment
Authors: Senin Petr V. , Chatkin Mikhail N. , Kilmyashkin Evgeniy A.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The article raises the issue of repairing modern agricultural machinery. Because of increasing the complexity of the design of machine components, there is a problem of failure of their parts. Manufacturers often do not sell these parts separately that makes it impossible to repair failed machine components. In this case, the purchase of a machine component assembly is required. The problem of supplying service parts is very significant. This significantly increases the repair time that negatively affects the agricultural production profitability due to the extremely limited time for farming operations. A solution to the issue of supplying service parts, reducing the cost of repairs and breakdown time is in the independent production of parts using additive technologies.Aim of the Study. The study is aimed at examining the complete cycle of additive manufacturing using 3D scanning, 3D printing, and vacuum casting in silicone molds to reduce the renovation cost of technical equipment for agriculture.Materials and Methods. Additive manufacturing is a technology for creating three-dimensional objects through layer-by-layer building. In this technology, there are used a computer, 3D printer and 3D scanner. The 3D printer, based on the CAM model data, distributes the material on the construction surface, and through various sintering or mel­ting technologies, gives the shape of the future part. A 3D scanner allows creating a three-dimensional model of the finished product for subsequent improvement, modernization, expansion or simply copying with the possibility of subsequent printing. In addition to the production of parts by 3D printing, vacuum casting of polymers into silicone molds is very popular. This technology can use prototypes printed on a 3D printer or obtained using a classical production method as a master model.Results. To study the state of the issue, we have used research materials of the Design and Rapid Prototyping Technology Center “RAPID-PRO” of the National Research N.P. Ogarev Mordovia State University. Analyzing the statistical data over the past 5 years, we have concluded that the demand for all types of work in the additive manufacturing cycle has recently become urgent. There is a trend of increasing demand for 3D scanning and reverse engineering services.Discussion and Conclusion. The use of additive technologies makes it possible to produce quickly the parts of any complexity and therefore to reduce significantly the time for scientific research and design. At scientific, educational and industrial institutions special sectors, there should be created areas and centers, equipped for working in the field of additive manufacturing. However, the lack of trained personnel, the lack of basic know­ledge about additive technologies and skills in using the equipment significantly reduces the speed of implementation of these technologies at the repair facilities of the agricultural sector and requires retraining and training of specialists.
Wear Resistance of Nickel Composite Coatings with Micron-Sized and Submicron-Sized Particles of SiC
Authors: Zhachkin Sergey Yu. , Trifonov Gregory I. , Sidorkin Oleg Anatolyevich , Pustovetov Alexey V.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Electrolytic deposition of nanoparticles is gaining interest with their increasing demand for restoring surface layers of machine parts and mechanisms. To create composite coatings with nanoparticles, it is necessary to solve two main tasks: to ensure a sufficient number of particles in the coating and to prevent their agglomeration in the coating solutions.These coatings with nanoparticles are wear-resistant and are used, for example, in automobile and tractor engines. In this study, there are considered the process of electrolytic production of composite coatings based on a nickel matrix with micron-sized and submicron-sized silicon carbide (SiC) particles from Watts nickel solutions and the resistance of nickel composite coatings to sliding wear.Aim of the Study. The study is aimed at considering detailed the effect of the size and number of particles in the coating solution on the number of codeposed particles. It is also necessary to study how the particle size affects the codeposition of micron-sized and submicron-sized particles of the non-Brownian type.Materials and Methods. A conventional nickel-plating electrolyte was used for nickel-based composite coatings with SiC. There was measured particle number density for each coating solution. It was assumed that the particles had the same size and shape of a sphere. The concentration of particles in the coating solutions ranged from 0.28 to 104 g/l. Electrodeposition was carried out on vertical electrodes, and the coating solution was stirred with a magnetic stirrer during electrodeposition. The Vickers microhardness with a load of 30 g was measured and wear tests were performed for unidirectional and bidirectional sliding.Results. The results of studying the wear resistance of nickel composite coatings during sliding have been obtained. The results of codeposition and a model based on the density of codeposed particles are presented. There has been made the conclusion about effect of codeposed particles on the wear resistance of Ni-SiC composite coatings.Discussion and Conclusion. It was determined that the best sliding resistance was obtained using Ni-SiC composite coatings containing 4–5 volume percentage of submicron-sized SiC particles. The study showed that the size and density of SiC particles in the coating solution are important for producing galvanically wear-resistant composite coatings, based on the relationship between the density of deposited particles and the density of particles in solutions.
Effect of sensory retraining program on latency, amplitude and conduction velocity of sensory nerves of lower limb in type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Authors:   Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied and Health Care Sciences, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, Maruboyina Sowjanya , Attry Sanjeev ,   Department of Neuro Surgery, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India, Kumari B. Kusuma ,   Department of Physiology, MRIMS, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, Reddy K. Eswar ,   SIMS College of Physiotherapy, Guntur, India, Perakam Sravanthi ,   Durgabai Deshmukh College Of Physiotherapy, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
Published: December 2024

Introduction and aim. India is known as the world’s diabetes capital. Diabetic neuropathy is the most common complication of diabetes, and if not managed properly, leads to diabetic foot complications like ulcers and amputations. Physiotherapy interventions addressing these complications are very limited. Hence, this study was performed to access to what extent a sensory retraining program affects the latency, amplitude, and conduction velocity of the sural nerve in lower limbs. The study aims to improve the nerve conduction velocity of the sural nerve in diabetic neuropathy with a sensory retraining program.
Material and methods. One-hundred individuals who met the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated into 2 groups. The control group had received routine medical care. The experimental group individuals were managed with a sensory retraining program 5 days a week for 16 weeks. Latency, amplitude, and conduction velocity values were recorded before and after the study.
Results. Results conclude that the sensory retraining program is effective in decreasing the latency and improving conduction velocity. It did not have any effect on the amplitude.
Conclusion. Hence, we conclude that a sensory retraining program can be incorporated into routine physical therapy intervention in subjects with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
Relationship between adolescent smartphone use and peer attachment and nomophobia
Authors:   Akşehir Kadir Yallagöz Health School, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye, Molu Birsel , Özpulat Funda ,   Akşehir Kadir Yallagöz Health School, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye, Baş Melike Taşdelen ,   Akşehir Kadir Yallagöz Health School, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye
Published: December 2024

Introduction and aim. Nomophobia is fear of being without a cell phone or being unable to use one. This paper investigated the effect of friendship attachment on nomophobia in adolescents.
Material and methods. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in five high schools in the Central Anatolia Region of Türkiye. The sample consisted of 1033 adolescents. Data were collected using a personal information form, the Adolescent Friendship Attachment Scale, and the Nomophobia Questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using parametric tests such as One-Way ANOVA and Independent Sample t-Test, with Bonferroni tests for post-hoc comparisons.
Results. The majority of participants were girls (58.3%), lived in nuclear families (76.2%). Most students used their smartphones for 2-4 hours daily (40.3%), and were active on social media (86%). The study found significant differences in phone usage time and friend attachment scores among different age groups. Women had higher friend attachment scores and nomophobia scores compared to men. Social media use was associated with higher nomophobia and friend attachment scores.
Conclusion. Adolescents’ smartphone uses characteristics influence their nomophobia levels and friendship attachment styles. Professionals should plan interventions to raise adolescents’ awareness of nomophobia.