bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POST-OCCUPANCY EVALUATION: THE APPLICATION OF UNIVERSAL DESIGN IN HAYRETTIN PAŞA SQUARE, ISTANBUL
Authors: Nimpuno Wibisono Bagus
Published: February 2017

Ruang terbuka public yang baik adalah ruang terbuka public yang bias menampung semua aktifitas yang dibutuhkan oleh orang – orang, baik yang bersifat personal maupun kelompok. Ruang terbuka publik yang berhasil dapat diukur oleh beberapa kriteria keberhasilan (pps.org). Kriteria tersebut diantaranya dapat mudah diakses, interaktif, bermanfaat, dan nyaman. Kriteria – kriteria tersebut harus memenuhi kebutuhan manusia, termasuk orang-orang disabilitas. Bagi orang-orang disabilitas, desain universal menjadi salah satu konsep perancangan yang sesuai untuk memenuhi semua kebutuhan manusia. Desain universal mengacu pada spectrum ide yang cukup luas, bertujuan untuk menghasilkan bangunan, produk dan lingkungan yang secara umum dapat dimanfaatkan oleh semua orang tanpa batasan. Di area perkotaan, desain universal merupakan sesuatu hal yang relatif baru, oleh sebab itu penerapan desain universal di area perkotaan perlu dievaluasi, terutama pada ruang terbuka publik sebagai salah satu elemen perkotaan. Berdasarkan Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO World Report, 2011), jumlah orang disabilitas di dunia mencapai lebih dari 1 miliar, dan mereka harus memiliki keadilan sosial dan kesetaraan di ruang kota. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti ingin mengevaluasi ruang terbuka publik yang ada dengan menggunakan metode evaluasi pasca huni menuju prinsip-prinsip desain yang sesuai dan universal dalam praktek desain perkotaan. Tujuan dari evaluasi ini adalah untuk menemukan kekurangan dalam proses desain ruang terbuka publik. Ruang terbuka publik tepi laut dipilih sebagai area penelitian karena memberikan dampak sosial dan ekonomi yang cukup signifikan bagi kawasan perkotaan.
The price is productivity: wage justice in the United States
Authors: Matherne Danielle
Published: February 2017

Wages, especially recently, have become a very controversial topic. In terms of wage justice, the debate becomes more controversial due to the ambiguity surrounding the factors that determine a fair wage. Obviously, no intelligent, savvy CEO will pay his or her employees more than they produce for the company. Were this to occur, bankruptcy would be the inevitable result. However, a debate occurs when discussing how to reconcile wages with profit. Companies want to maximize profits, while employees want to maximize their personal wage earnings. A seemingly easy solution would be to pay employees according to their productivity levels. If an employer were to pay every employee exactly what he or she contributed to the company, the company would make no profit; therefore, the businesses would have no incentives to produce their products.
The frequency of secondary glaucoma in patients with iridocorneal endothelial syndrome in correlation to the presence of uveal ectropion
Authors: Markovic Vujica , Radosavljevic Aleksandra , Vukovic Dragan , Jaksic Vesna , Bozic Marija , Marjanovic Ivan , Rasic Dejan , Maric Vesna
Published: February 2017

Introduction/Objective. Iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome incudes 3 clinical forms: progressive iris atrophy, Chandler?s syndrome, and Cogan?Reese syndrome. It is characterized by various degrees of iris atrophy, corneal endothelial changes, uveal ectropion, corectopia, peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) and secondary glaucoma. The aim of the study was to illustrate forms of ICE syndrome, determine frequency of secondary glaucoma with emphasis on cases with uveal ectropion, analyze response to medicament treatment and the need for surgical treatment in intraocular pressure (IOP) control. Methods. Patients underwent slit lamp examination, applanation tonometry, gonioscopy, ophthalmoscopy, Humphrey visual field testing and Heidelberg retina tomography. Patients were divided into two groups: group I, without uveal ectropion (22 patients) and group II, with uveal ectropion (14 patients). Results. A total of 36 patients were examined in a 10-year period. The average age was 38 years, male to female ratio 1:2. Secondary glaucoma was confirmed in 26 (72.2%) patients, out of which 12 (54.5%) in group I and 14 (100%) in group II. PAS were more frequent in group II. In group I, mean initial IOP was 37 mmHg, and after medicament treatment 26 mmHg. Secondary glaucoma was controlled in 50% and remaining 50% underwent surgical treatment. In group II, mean initial IOP was 49 mmHg, and after medicament treatment 32 mmHg. All 14 patients (100%) underwent surgical treatment in order to achieve IOP control. Conclusion. ICE syndrome is a rare, progressive disease, with high incidence of secondary glaucoma, which is more frequent in cases with uveal ectropion. In these cases, medicament treatment is not effective and trabeculectomy with antimetabolite application is necessary.
Anti-vaccinationists
Authors: Pasic Srdjan
Published: February 2017

nema
‘Very Much the Tortoise’: A Review of The Slow Philosophy of J. M. Coetzee
Authors: Farrant Marc
Published: February 2017

A review of Jan Wilm’s The Slow Philosophy of J. M. Coetzee (2016).
Acknowledgements for the Inaugural Issue
Authors: Bartlett Emily , Mennell Nicole
Published: February 2017

Acknowledgements for the first issue of Brief Encounters.
A tribute to a commitment to the Pacific region
Authors: Fraser Walter
Published: February 2017

In more ways than one, the political events in Fiji since that fateful day have had a profound effect on political journalism in the Pacific. Many contemporaries, who worked as journalists in Fiji at the time, paid dearly for defending the Fourth Estate. They were unified in their views and they vehemently defended the right to call things as they saw them - a spade was a spade, black was black and white was white.
Noho Rewa: The wrongful occupation of Hawai’i
Authors: Milligan Christina
Published: February 2017

The colonisation of the Hawai’ian people is a story shared with Māori and other Polynesian peoples. It is a story of shame, desecration, loss of land and loss of life. The commonality of the historical Pacific experience, however, can too easily mask the variety of outcomes of the decolonisation process, and for Māori and Pakeha New Zealanders, the present-day lived experience of the Hawai’ian people can come as a shock to those who have never ventured beyond the hotels of Waikiki. In this interview with filmmaker and Auckland University of Technology lecturer Christina Milligan, indigenous Hawai’ian filmmaker and activist Anne Keala Kelly discusses her 2010 documentary Noho Rewa: The Wrongful Occupation of Hawai’i. For Kelly, the making of the film was not only a lonely and tough five years, It was also an emotional struggle to document the pain suffered on a daily basis by those of her community who evidence the ongoing struggle of a people who remain tenants in their own land.
Why the where matters: A sense of place imperative for teaching better Indigenous affairs reporting
Authors: Bennett Dawn , Johnston Michelle , Mason Bonita , Thomson Chris
Published: February 2017

Much Indigenous affairs journalism in the Western Australian state capital of Perth reproduces colonial discourse and perpetuates racist stereotypes of Aboriginal people. Against this background the traditional custodians of Perth, the Noongar people, have struggled to find a media voice. Meanwhile, observers in several countries have critiqued a shift from journalism about specific places toward journalism concerned with no place in particular. Spurred by globalisation, this shift has de-emphasised the ‘where?’ question in the ‘what, where, who, why, how and when?’ template of journalistic investigation. Reporting from a project in which journalism students collaborated with Noongar community organisations, we argue that an understanding of Indigenous Australians’ profound connection to place can inform journalists about the underlying character of places about which they report. We suggest that working with Indigenous people can transform the way journalists conceptualise their careers, and help secure a sense of place for Indigenous people in the media. Finally, collaborating with Indigenous people can teach journalists to view their professional practices through a sense of place lens, re-emphasising the ‘where?’ question in its application to both geographic place and the realm of a journalist’s imagination.
Review: The other side of the Tūhoe raids
Authors: Alistar Kata
Published: February 2017

Kata, Alistar. (2015). The other side of the Tūhoe raids. Pacific Journalism Review, 21(2): 192-194. Review of The Price of Peace [documentary], directed by Kim Webby. English and Te Reo Māori. 2015, 87min. www.nziff.co.nz/2015/auckland/the-price-of-peace/Most New Zealanders will remember when Tūhoe activist Wairere Tame Iti shot the national flag, during a powhiri ceremony, at a Waitangi Tribunal Hearing in 2005. New Zealanders will also remember when Iti, along with three others, was tried and found guilty of firearms charges as part of what the media coined, the ‘Urewera Four’ (Gay, 2012) trial. The man with a full facial Tā moko is regarded throughout the mainstream media as somewhat of a rebel, and by the state as a ‘dangerous proto-terrorist intent on infecting New Zealand’ (Hill, 2012).
Review: How news media responded to India’s relationship with Britain
Authors: Cass Philip
Published: February 2017

Cass, P. (2015). How news media responded to India’s relationship with Britain. Pacific Journalism Review, 21(2): 205-207. Review of Communications, Media and the Imperial Experience, by Chandrika Kaul. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014, 278 pp. ISBN 978-0-230-57258-4Chandrika Kaul’s latest book begins and ends with what she regards as carefully stage-managed displays of British power designed to establish enduring images of imperial rule; in one, Indians and Britons bonded by their love of their King-Emperor and in the other, a noble, benevolent Britannia handing power to India as its civilising mission comes to a natural and peaceful end. Kaul, from St Andrews University in Scotland, has written or edited a number of books exploring imperial media systems and in this latest volume she explores how the media reacted to various stages in India’s relationship with Great Britain during the 20th century.
REVIEW: Journalists’ voices explore dangerous times
Authors: Cass Philip Leslie
Published: February 2017

IN HIS memoirs of his life as a foreign correspondent, British journalist Richard Beeston recalled: "We went to wars and revolutions in our drip-dry suits and button-down shirts— armed with a note book and an Olivetti portable typewriter. For us there were no steel helmets, flak jackets and armour plated cars...in those more innocent days we somehow managed an amateur and neutral status and were unlikely to become the target of hostage-takers or the victims of religious fanatics. The twenty-first century is a more dangerous time." (Beeston, 2006)
Impact of Gender and Location on Mathematical Thinking and Mathematics Achievement
Authors: Nepal Binod
Published: February 2017

Educational empowerment is taken as the most important indicator of national development. Students' achievement is seen as the key to improve educational empowerment. So to enhance students' achievement we should pay attention to achievements of overall subject of the secondary level, which is the base of further education. This paper aimed to find out the level of Mathematical Thinking and the Mathematics Achievement of the students of grade X in Nepal gender and location wise. Three districts Sindhupalchok, Kathmandu, Mahottari were selected as the study area. 400 students were selected as the sample. Mathematical Thinking Test and Mathematics Achievement Test were used as the instruments and data was analyzed using t-test. Finally, the study found out that there is no significance difference on the level of Mathematical Thinking and the Mathematics Achievement between male and female and there was another finding was that there is significant difference between rural and urban students on the level of Mathematical Thinking and Mathematics Achievement. These findings are applicable to improve teaching strategies and create new plans to make better performance of the students from rural areas. Journal of Advanced Academic Research, Vol. 3, No.3, 2016, page:11-21
Green Synthesis of 4-aryl-3,4-Dihydrochromeno[3,4-e][1,3]Oxazine-2,5-Dione in Aqueous Media by Condensation of 4-Hydroxycoumarin with Aromatic Aldehydes and Methyl Carbamate
Authors: Bougan Sabereh , Hassanabadi Alireza
Published: February 2017

A green and efficient synthesis of the title compounds has been achieved in a one-pot, three-component reaction of 4-hydroxycoumarin and aromatic aldehydes with methyl carbamate catalysed by p-toluenesulfonic acid in aqueous media to afford 4-aryl-3,4-dihydrochromeno[3,4-e][1,3]oxazine-2,5-diones in excellent yields. The salient features of this protocol are: short reaction times, high yields and absence of any hazardous organic solvent. Consequently, this procedure could be classified as green chemistry.
Cartesianism and Intersubjectivity inParanormal Activityand the Philosophy of Mind
Authors: Jones Steve
Published: February 2017

Over the last century within the philosophy of mind, the intersubjective model of self has gained traction as a viable alternative to the oft-criticised Cartesian solipsistic paradigm. These two models are presented as incompatible inasmuch as Cartesians perceive other minds as “a problem” for the self, while intersubjectivists insist that sociality is foundational to selfhood. This essay uses the Paranormal Activity series (2007–2015) to explore this philosophical debate. It is argued that these films simultaneously evoke Cartesian premises (via found-footage camerawork), and intersubjectivity (via an ongoing narrative structure that emphasises connections between the characters, and between each film). The philosophical debates illuminate premises on which the series’ story and horror depends. Moreover, Paranormal Activity also sheds light on the theoretical debate: the series brings those two paradigms together into a coherent whole, thereby suggesting that the two models are potentially compatible. By developing a combined model, scholars working in the philosophy of mind might better account for the different aspects of self-experience these paradigms focus on.
‘Do I feel lucky?’: Moral Luck, Bluffing and the Ethics of Eastwood's Outlaw-Lawman inCoogan's Bluffand the Dirty Harry Films
Authors: Deshaye Joel
Published: February 2017

In Coogan's Bluff (1968) and the Dirty Harry films, Clint Eastwood's characters often invoke luck when they want unpredictable others to assume some responsibility to stop violence, thereby implicating moral luck in heroism. In the famous ‘Do I feel lucky’ scene from Dirty Harry (1971), Eastwood's character might not be bluffing, but he is giving luck a role in justice. In this case and others, his character's unconventional responsibility should prompt reconsideration of his character's virtue. Viewers must also decide where the deceptive or rule-breaking policeman locates the responsibility for his actions.
Thrilling Objects: The Scales of Corruption in Political Thrillers
Authors: Willems Brian Daniel
Published: February 2017

Political thrillers often encourage the feeling that a mere individual has the power to make a difference on a large scale. Caught up in a chain of events they wished they had never uncovered, a protagonist can occupy a position in which their actions have far-reaching consequences, with the rookie CIA analyst accidentally bringing down a whole corrupt political system being only one example. Much of the critical attention these films have garnered falls under the rubric of detective work in that the protagonist is seen as exposing a web of corruption which would otherwise have gone on unnoticed. However, this paper is focused on how the scale of the individual comes into contact with other, larger scales of events. Points of contact between scales are important because they are where change can take place, thus allowing an individual to influence the supra-individual.
Temporal Flesh, Material Becomings
Authors: simpkins reese
Published: February 2017

Drawing on contemporary trans* scholarship, I highlight an incorporeal, affective dimension of trans* embodiment, which I argue operates nonlinearly, enmeshing a past-present-future becoming. I show that the dynamic movement underlying both trans* and matter suggests their mutual imbrication—a mutual imbrication that trans*es materiality. Through the concept of autopoiesis, or the ability of systems to self-organise, I link trans*ed materiality at the micro level (cellular and quantum) to the social processes of trans* assemblages. Autopoiesis emerges as an affective realm, a dimension of trans*ed materiality and a process of trans* assemblages, all of which are integral in the production of space and time. As trans* bodies materialise, they create unique temporal embodiments that challenge universal frameworks of chronological time, highlight the nonlinear resonation of matter and enmesh past-present-future in open-ended becomings. The resulting ontogenetic, ‘involutionary’ processes of creative evolution produce unique temporalities that form the basis of new embodiments, new subjectivities, and new potentials for existence. As autopoietic processes produce new entities, the uniqueness of each becoming-trans* transforms the spatial and temporal context in which the becomings occur. Keeping in mind that becoming is never complete, I conclude that trans* temporalities are nonlinear, affective processes involved in the production of becoming-trans*. Trans* temporalities are, thus, entangled in an open-ended past-present-future.
The Role of the Hyperfine Structure for the Determination of Improved Level Energies of Ta II, Pr II and La II
Authors: Windholz Laurentius
Published: February 2017

For the determination of improved energy levels of ionic spectra of elements with large values of nuclear magnetic dipole moment (and eventually large values of nuclear quadrupole moments), it is necessary to determine the center of gravity of spectral lines from resolved hyperfine structure patterns appearing in highly resolved spectra. This is demonstrated on spectral lines of Ta II, Pr II and La II. Blend situations (different transitions with accidentally nearly the same wave number difference between the combining levels) must also be considered.
Temperature-Induced Desorption of Methyl tert-Butyl Ether Confined on ZSM-5: An In Situ Synchrotron XRD Powder Diffraction Study
Authors: Rodeghero Elisa , Pasti Luisa , Sarti Elena , Cruciani Giuseppe , Bagatin Roberto , Martucci Annalisa
Published: February 2017

The temperature-induced desorption of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) from aqueous solutions onto hydrophobic ZSM-5 was studied by in situ synchrotron powder diffraction and chromatographic techniques. This kind of information is crucial for designing and optimizing the regeneration treatment of such zeolite. The evolution of the structural features monitored by full profile Rietveld refinements revealed that a monoclinic (P21/n) to orthorhombic (Pnma) phase transition occurred at about 100 °C. The MTBE desorption process caused a remarkable change in the unit-cell parameters. Complete MTBE desorption was achieved upon heating at about 250 °C. Rietveld analysis demonstrated that the desorption process occurred without any significant zeolite crystallinity loss, but with slight deformations in the channel apertures.
Under-Reported Aspects of Platinum Drug Pharmacology
Authors: Theile Dirk
Published: February 2017

Platinum drugs remain the backbone of many antineoplastic regimens. Among the numerous chemical or pharmacological effects of platinum drugs, some aspects tend to be under-reported. Thus, this perspective paper intends to stress some neglected properties of platinum drugs: first, the physico-chemical characteristics (aquation reaction kinetics) that determine site-specific toxicity; second, the impact on RNA molecules. Knowledge of the ‘RNA world’ has dramatically changed our understanding of cellular and molecular biology. The inherent RNA-crosslinking properties should make platinum-based drugs interact with coding and non-coding RNAs. Third, we will discuss the impact on the immune system, which is now recognized to substantially contribute to chemotherapy efficacy. Together, platinum drugs are in fact old drugs, but are worth re-focusing on. Many aspects are still mysterious but can pave the way to new drugs or an improved application of the already existing compounds.
Generalized Degree-Based Graph Entropies
Authors: Lu Guoxiang
Published: February 2017

Inspired by the generalized entropies for graphs, a class of generalized degree-based graph entropies is proposed using the known information-theoretic measures to characterize the structure of complex networks. The new entropies depend on assigning a probability distribution about the degrees to a network. In this paper, some extremal properties of the generalized degree-based graph entropies by using the degree powers are proved. Moreover, the relationships among the entropies are studied. Finally, numerical results are presented to illustrate the features of the new entropies.
Decarboxylative and dehydrative coupling of dienoic acids and pentadienyl alcohols to form 1,3,6,8-tetraenes
Authors: Deiab Ghina’a I Abu , Al-Huniti Mohammed H , Hyatt I F Dempsey , Nagy Emma E , Gettys Kristen E , Sayed Sommayah S , Joliat Christine M , Daniel Paige E , Vummalaneni Rupa M , Morehead Andrew T , Sargent Andrew L , Croatt Mitchell P
Published: February 2017

Dienoic acids and pentadienyl alcohols are coupled in a decarboxylative and dehydrative manner at ambient temperature using Pd(0) catalysis to generate 1,3,6,8-tetraenes. Contrary to related decarboxylative coupling reactions, an anion-stabilizing group is not required adjacent to the carboxyl group. Of mechanistic importance, it appears that both the diene of the acid and the diene of the alcohol are required for this reaction. To further understand this reaction, substitutions at every unique position of both coupling partners was examined and two potential mechanisms are presented.
Neutral ISM, Lyα, and Lyman-continuum in the Nearby Starburst Haro 11*
Authors: Rivera-Thorsen T. Emil , Östlin Göran , Hayes Matthew , Puschnig Johannes
Published: February 2017

Star-forming galaxies are believed to be a major source of Lyman continuum (LyC) radiation responsible for reionizing the early universe. Direct observations of escaping ionizing radiation have however been sparse and with low escape fractions. In the local universe, only 10 emitters have been observed, with typical escape fractions of a few percent. The mechanisms regulating this escape need to be strongly evolving with redshift in order to account for the epoch of reionization. Gas content and star formation feedback are among the main suspects, known to both regulate neutral gas coverage and evolve with cosmic time. In this paper, we reanalyze Hubble Space Telescope (HST)-Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) spectrocopy of the first detected local LyC leaker, Haro 11. We examine the connection between LyC leakage and Lyα line shape, and feedback-influenced neutral interstellar medium (ISM) properties like kinematics and gas distribution. We discuss the two extremes of an optically thin, density bounded ISM and a riddled, optically thick, ionization bounded ISM, and how Haro 11 fits into theoretical predictions. We find that the most likely ISM model is a clumpy neutral medium embedded in a highly ionized medium with a combined covering fraction of unity and a residual neutral gas column density in the ionized medium high enough to be optically thick to Lyα, but low enough to be at least partly transparent to LyC and undetected in Si ii. This suggests that star formation feedback and galaxy-scale interaction events play a major role in opening passageways for ionizing radiation through the neutral medium.
Evidence for Relativistic Disk Reflection in the Seyfert 1h Galaxy/ULIRG IRAS 05189–2524 Observed by NuSTAR and XMM-Newton
Authors: Xu Yanjun , Baloković Mislav , Walton Dominic J. , Harrison Fiona A. , García Javier A. , Koss Michael J.
Published: February 2017

We present a spectral analysis of the NuSTAR and XMM-Newton observations of the Seyfert 1h galaxy/ULIRG IRAS 05189–2524 taken in 2013. We find evidence for relativistic disk reflection in the broadband X-ray spectrum: a highly asymmetric broad Fe Kα emission line extending down to 3 keV and a Compton scattering component above 10 keV. Physical modeling with a self-consistent disk reflection model suggests that the accretion disk is viewed at an intermediate angle with a supersolar iron abundance, and a mild constraint can be put on the high-energy cutoff of the power-law continuum. We test the disk reflection modeling under different absorption scenarios. A rapid black hole spin is favored; however, we cannot place a model-independent tight constraint on the value. The high reflection fraction (

2.0–3.2) suggests that the coronal illuminating source is compact and close to the black hole (lying within 8.7

above the central black hole), where light-bending effects are important.
The Application of Computer Technology in Mongolian College English Teaching
Authors: Zhao Xiaojun
Published: February 2017

Based on the demand of modern teaching, this paper researches the application of and problems faced by Mongolian information processing and computer multimedia technology in computer-assisted instruction. It also sets the teaching software content and learning goal and further designs the teaching software according to the English learning features and characteristics of choosing the medium of information of Mongolian college students. This software is suitable for use in learning and teaching bilingualism second language to Mongolian students, and teachers and can realize the independent code of bilingual characters, Mongolian input and output, Mongolian character handling and bilingual inter-translation functions. Manufacture and development of bilingual teaching software facilitates the enthusiasm of Mongolian college students to learn English, improve the language learning environment and plays a positive facilitation role in multilanguage integration and cultural development of the Mongolian area.
A Development of the Blended Learning Model Using Edmodo for Maximizing Students’ Oral Proficiency and Motivation
Authors: Wichadee Saovapa
Published: February 2017

The purposes of this study were to develop a blended learning model using Edmodo as a learning tool in language learning and examine the effectiveness of the model implemented in an English course regarding oral proficiency, motivation, and attitude. To achieve these purposes, a quasi-experimental design was employed to collect data using the tests and questionnaires. The samples in this study were the second-year students enrolled in an intermediate English course. The samples were from two classes, each of which contained 42 students. One class was used for the control group; another one for the experimental group. In the control group, students were only taught in a face-to-face learning environment using the PPP model whereas the experimental group studied through the PPP model in class supported by online learning using Edmodo. The findings indicate that blended learning was more effective than traditional learning. That is, students in the experimental group not only outperformed those in the control group in oral proficiency, but they also exhibited higher learning motivation. Although students in both groups did not differ in their attitude toward the PPP model, those in the experimental group expressed a positive attitude toward Edmodo. The findings of this study have implications for English language instructors, encouraging them to see how technology can facilitate learning and help learners produce better academic performance.
Johannes Dreyer (1500–1544) – Die Hervormer van Herford
Authors: Dreyer Wim
Published: February 2017

During 2017, churches with roots in the 16th century Reformation look back at five centuries of reformed Christianity. Much attention is given to important leaders of the Reformation such as Luther and Calvin. However, there are many forgotten ‘heroes’ who will receive no accolades, nor will they be mentioned in any publication. In this contribution the author tells the story of dr Johannes Dreyer, the forgotten reformer of Herford in Westphalia (Germany). After giving some biographical and contextual information, Dreyer’s church order, which was published in 1534 in Wittenberg, is discussed in terms of language, structure and theological content. The  conclusion is reached that the implementation of new church orders were an integral part of the reformation process as well as applying reformed doctrine to the practical situation of churches.
The Bloomsbury Companion to Contemporary Philosophy of Medicine
Authors: A. Marcum James
Published: February 2017

A definitive and authoritative guide to a vibrant and growing discipline in current philosophy, The Bloomsbury Companion to Contemporary Philosophy of Medicine presents an overview of the issues facing contemporary philosophy of medicine, the research methods required to understand them and a trajectory for the discipline’s future.

Written by world leaders in the discipline, this companion addresses the ontological, epistemic, and methodological challenges facing philosophers of medicine today, from the debate between evidence-based and person-centered medicine, medical humanism, and gender medicine, to traditional issues such as disease, health, and clinical reasoning and decision-making. Practical and forward-looking, it also includes a detailed guide to research sources, a glossary of key terms, and an annotated bibliography, as well as an introductory survey of research methods and discussion of new research directions emerging in response to the rapid changes in modern medicine.

‘Philosophy needs medicine’, Hillel Braude argues, ‘to become more relevant’. By showing how modern medicine provides philosophers with a rich source of material for investigating issues facing contemporary society, The Bloomsbury Companion to Contemporary Philosophy of Medicine introduces the opportunities medicine offers philosophers together with the resources and skills required to contribute to contemporary debates and discussions.
Oxygen transport in epitaxial SrTiO3/SrTi1 − xFexO3 multilayer stacks
Authors: Schulz Michal , Orland Timna , Mehlmann Alexander , Rothschild Avner , Fritze Holger
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Nano-ionic materials made of strontium titanate (SrTiO3, STO) and solid solutions of strontium ferrite in STO (SrTi1 − xFexO3, STF) are grown on single crystalline STO substrates and characterized. Since STF exhibits an oxygen deficiency and, simultaneously, enables oxygen interstitial defects, a space charge area close to the STO | STF interface is present. Oxygen tracer diffusion experiments and impedance spectroscopy at temperatures from 500 to 700 °C and at oxygen partial pressure ranging from 10−3 to 10−23 bar confirm fast oxygen transport caused by enhanced ionic conductivity at the interface. There, an oxygen diffusion coefficient of 3. 4 × 10−10 m2 s−1 at 600 °C and a p type conductivity of about 360 S m−1 at 700 °C are calculated. Such structures open new options in design of nano-ionic materials for oxygen sensors and energy conversion at temperatures lower than those of conventional materials such as yttrium-doped zirconia.
Washed Out: Policy and Practical Considerations Affecting Return after Hurricane Katrina and Superstorm Sandy
Authors: Bryner Nicholas S , Garcia-Lozano Marisa , Bruch Carl
Published: February 2017

The destructive impacts of Hurricane Katrina and Superstorm Sandy displaced large numbers of people. While some families were able to return home soon after the disasters, others struggled to do so and remained displaced for extended periods of time. Although much attention has been paid to the immediate response to natural disasters, research on policies and practices regarding long-term return migration has been largely overlooked. This article presents an overview of recent literature that addresses factors affecting displaced individuals’ decision to return home or relocate following these two disasters. It discusses five major factors influencing individual and household decisions regarding whether to return home, relocate, or remain in limbo if unable to achieve either. These include: (1) habitability of homes; (2) affordability of housing; (3) financial burdens; (4) slow restoration of public services and facilities; and (5) sense of place and identity. The article then assesses the types of policies that have been used with varying goals—promoting, discouraging, and, in some cases, prohibiting return. It presents four examples of policy tools that have influenced post-disaster return or relocation after Hurricane Katrina and Superstorm Sandy: (1) tax policies; (2) buyouts; (3) changes to building codes; and (4) revisions to the U.S. National Flood Insurance Program. The article concludes that a better understanding of factors affecting displaced persons can help policymakers meet their objectives of encouraging or inhibiting return to a specific site after a disaster.
Implementation of Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) of Mathematics Teachers in Teaching Practice: A Case Study
Authors: Maryono Maryono , Sutawidjaja Akbar , Subanji Subanji , Irawati Santi
Published: February 2017

This study aims to describe the implementation of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) of mathematics teachers in the teaching practice of the material system of linear equations of two variables (SLETV). The approach used is a qualitative case study. The main instrument is the researchers themselves and the supporting instruments is a vignette sheet, sheet Content Representation (CoRe), and video tape recorders (Handycam). Research procedure includes providing vignette sheets and sheets of CoRe, making instructional videos and conducting the interview. Data were analyzed using frameworks Karahasan. The results showed that the subject 1 (S1) found that the implementation of the PCK S1 when teaching increased from PCK S1 prior to the implementation of the teaching practice, while the subject 2 (S2) found that the implementation of the PCK S2 upon teaching declined from PCK S2 prior to the implementation of the teaching practice.
An Increasing of Primary School Teachers’ Competency in Brain-Based Learning
Authors: Waree Chaiwat
Published: February 2017

The purpose of the study was to develop a powerful and empowering guide (CBT) of elementary school teachers, to compare the ability of elementary school teachers. Management learning uses brain as a base. The experimental group with a control group the experimental group used in this research was a teacher at the grade level. 4-6 in province By randomization group (Cluster Sampling) 2 Education Service Area Office, District 15 schools, three people were 90 percent of the control group in this study is grade 4-6 teachers in the Samut Songkram Province has a total of 90 people selected by model. The instruments used in the trial include training courses Empowerment (CBT) of elementary school teachers. After training, the test results of 60 studies found that the development of training courses to increase the capacity of the elementary school teachers. The experts found that the overall effectiveness of the program at the highest level. Before and after the process of empowerment (CBT), t equals 58.01 posttest scores higher than the previous level of statistical significance .05, comparing the capabilities of elementary school teachers. The experimental group with the control group, the experimental group was 47.98 t test scores than the control group, the experimental group had a statistically significant level .05.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Education Studies, Vol. 10, No. 3
Authors: Lee Chris
Published: February 2017

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Education Studies, Vol. 10, No. 3, 2017.
Legal-Juridical Analysis of the Basis and Impact of Harmful Contracts on the Relations of the Sides and the Third Parties under the Act 2014 of the Way of Implementing Financial Sentences
Authors: Mina Mahboobeh , Sokhanvar Mehdi , Jahanbazi Davood , Hoseyni Rechi Seyyed Hoseyn
Published: February 2017

Given the relativity principle of contracts their impacts in proportion to third parties are an exceptional issue. In a possible assumption there is a possibility of harm and damage to a third party because of the contract between two people. In our juridical texts, some religious experts have sporadically in a topic of jurisprudence stated the instances of these contracts and have considered two theories of validity and invalidity about them. On the basis of this assumption, although the law of the way of implementing financial sentences considered hanged in 2014 but its 21st article with a bit of expansion has considered the former result. Therefore concerning these contracts by considering the valuable rule of the principle of no harm, we can accept the theory of relative lack of influence. Given the importance and role of the contracts in the life of community members and the lack of determining the influence of such contracts in legal and juridical texts the analysis of these impacts seems to be necessary. In the present article by analyzing the subject in legal and juridical texts of Iran the influence of these contracts in the relation between the parties and in proportion to third party is analyzed.
Spatial distribution of environmental DNA in a nearshore marine habitat
Authors: O’Donnell James L. , Kelly Ryan P. , Shelton Andrew Olaf , Samhouri Jameal F. , Lowell Natalie C. , Williams Gregory D.
Published: February 2017

In the face of increasing threats to biodiversity, the advancement of methods for surveying biological communities is a major priority for ecologists. Recent advances in molecular biological technologies have made it possible to detect and sequence DNA from environmental samples (environmental DNA or eDNA); however, eDNA techniques have not yet seen widespread adoption as a routine method for biological surveillance primarily due to gaps in our understanding of the dynamics of eDNA in space and time. In order to identify the effective spatial scale of this approach in a dynamic marine environment, we collected marine surface water samples from transects ranging from the intertidal zone to four kilometers from shore. Using PCR primers that target a diverse assemblage of metazoans, we amplified a region of mitochondrial 16S rDNA from the samples and sequenced the products on an Illumina platform in order to detect communities and quantify their spatial patterns using a variety of statistical tools. We find evidence for multiple, discrete eDNA communities in this habitat, and show that these communities decrease in similarity as they become further apart. Offshore communities tend to be richer but less even than those inshore, though diversity was not spatially autocorrelated. Taxon-specific relative abundance coincided with our expectations of spatial distribution in taxa lacking a microscopic, pelagic life-history stage, though most of the taxa detected do not meet these criteria. Finally, we use carefully replicated laboratory procedures to show that laboratory treatments were remarkably similar in most cases, while allowing us to detect a faulty replicate, emphasizing the importance of replication to metabarcoding studies. While there is much work to be done before eDNA techniques can be confidently deployed as a standard method for ecological monitoring, this study serves as a first analysis of diversity at the fine spatial scales relevant to marine ecologists and confirms the promise of eDNA in dynamic environments.
Inter‐ and Intramolecular Cyclopropanations of Diazo Weinreb Amides Catalyzed by Ruthenium(II)‐Amm‐Pheox
Authors: Mandour Hamada S. A. , Chanthamath Soda , Shibatomi Kazutaka , Iwasa Seiji
Published: February 2017

Inter‐ and intramolecular cyclopropanations of a series of diazo Weinreb amides and trans‐allylic diazo Weinreb amide derivatives have been achieved using chiral ruthenium(II)‐Amm‐Pheox catalyst to give the corresponding chiral cyclopropyl Weinreb amides in excellent yield (up to 99%) with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 99% ee). The chiral products could easily undergo useful synthetic transformations to give the corresponding aldehydes, alcohols and ketones in high yields and enantioselectivities.

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Cu submicroparticles catalyzed reduction of 3‐nitro‐4‐methoxyacetanilide to 3‐amino‐4‐methoxyacetanilide in water
Authors: Feng Yonghai , Yin Hengbo , Yan Xiaobo , Meng Minjia , Mi Jianli , Wang Aili
Published: February 2017

3‐nitro‐4‐methoxy acetanilide (NMA) was selectively reduced to 3‐amino‐4‐methoxy acetanilides (AMA) with metallic Cu submicroparticles as the H‐transfer catalyst in NaBH4 solution. The metallic Cu submicroparticles were prepared by the wet chemical reduction method and characterized by SEM, XRD, and XPS techniques. The catalytic activity of Cu submicroparticles in the reduction of NMA was significantly affected by the particle sizes of Cu submicroparticles. The catalyst of Cu submicroparticles with an average particle size of 0.36 µm contributes to an AMA selectivity of 96.1 % at the NMA conversion of 100 % after reacting at 303 K for 40 min. The Cu submicroparticles show better catalytic activities than the Cu microparticles in the reduction of NMA to AMA probably due to the low reaction orders and the low activation energy of Cu submicroparticles for the reduction of NMA.
Nickel‐Promoted Oxidative ipso‐Annulation of N‐(p‐Methoxyaryl)propiolamides with α‐Carbonyl Alkyl Bromides
Authors: Li Meng , Song Ren‐Jie , Li Jin‐Heng
Published: February 2017

A new route to producing 3‐alkyl spiro[4,5]trienones via nickel‐promoted radical oxidative ipso‐annulation of N‐(p‐methoxyaryl)propiolamides with α‐carbonyl alkyl bromides using TBHP oxidant is described. The method allows the formation of three new C—C bonds through a sequence of oxidative C—Br bond cleavage, ipso‐cyclization and dearomatization, and represents a new alkyne 1,2‐difunctionalization to access to the construction of spiro[4,5]trienones.
C5‐Alkyl‐1,3,4‐Oxadiazol‐2‐ones Undergo Dealkylation upon Nitrogen Insertion to Form 2H‐1,2,4‐Triazol‐3‐ones: Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Triazol‐3‐one Hybrids with Triazolothiadiazoles and Triazolothiadiazines
Authors: Kattimani Pramod P. , Kamble Ravindra R. , Dorababu Atukuri , Hunnur Raveendra K. , Kamble Atulkumar A. , Devarajegowda H.C.
Published: February 2017

The present study emphasizes on the dealklylation of 3‐aryl‐5‐alkyl‐2‐oxo‐Δ4‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles when reacted with formamide resulting in the formation of 2‐aryl‐2H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3(4H)‐ones as major product. Subsequent reactions of 2‐aryl‐2H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3(4H)‐one gave triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles and triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazines derivatives incorporated with 1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐one.
Intravoxel incoherent motion MRI assessment of chemoradiation‐induced pelvic bone marrow changes in cervical cancer and correlation with hematological toxicity
Authors: Lee Elaine Yuen Phin , Perucho Jose Angelo Udal , Vardhanabhuti Vince , He Jian , Siu Steven Wai Kwan , Ngu Siew Fei , Mayr Nina A. , Yuh William T.C. , Chan Queenie , Khong Pek‐Lan
Published: February 2017

Purpose

To investigate bone marrow changes after chemoradiation (CRT) using intravoxel incoherent motion magnetic resonance imaging (IVIM‐MRI) and correlate imaging changes with hematological toxicity (HT) in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer.

Materials and Methods

Thirty‐nine patients with newly diagnosed cervical cancer were prospectively recruited for two sequential 3.0T IVIM‐MRI studies: before treatment (MRI‐1) and 3–4 weeks after standardized CRT (MRI‐2). The irradiated pelvic bone marrow was outlined as the regions of interest to derive the true diffusion coefficient (D) and perfusion fraction (f) based on a biexponential model. The apparent coefficient diffusion (ADC) was derived using the monoexponential model. Changes in these parameters between MRI‐1 and MRI‐2 were calculated as ΔD, Δf, and ΔADC. HT was defined accordingly to NCI‐CTCAE (v. 4.03) of grade 3 and above. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann–Whitney U‐test.

Results

The median age of patients was 54 years old (range 27–83 years old); 14 patients suffered from HT. Early bone marrow changes (3–4 weeks) of ΔD showed a significant difference between HT and non‐HT groups (6.4 ± 19.7% vs. –6.4 ± 19.4%, respectively, P = 0.041). However, no significant changes were noted in Δf (3.7 ± 13.3% vs. 1.5 ± 12.5% respectively, P = 0. 592) and ΔADC (5.5 ± 26.3% vs. –3.3 ± 27.0% respectively, P = 0.303) between the HT and non‐HT groups. Δf increased insignificantly for both groups.

Conclusion

ΔD was the only significant parameter to differentiate early cellular environment changes in bone marrow after CRT, suggestive that ΔD was more sensitive than Δf and ΔADC to reflect the underlying microenvironment injury.

Level of Evidence: 2

Technical Efficacy: Stage 1

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1491–1498.
Semiconductor optical amplifiers at 2.0‐µm wavelength on silicon
Authors: Volet Nicolas , Spott Alexander , Stanton Eric J. , Davenport Michael L. , Chang Lin , Peters Jon D. , Briles Travis C. , Vurgaftman Igor , Meyer Jerry R. , Bowers John E.
Published: February 2017

A semiconductor optical amplifier at 2.0‐µm wavelength is reported. This device is heterogeneously integrated by directly bonding an InP‐based active region to a silicon substrate. It is therefore compatible with low‐cost and high‐volume fabrication infrastructures, and can be efficiently coupled to other active and passive devices in a photonic integrated circuit. On‐chip gain larger than 13 dB is demonstrated at 20 °C, with a 3‐dB bandwidth of ∼75 nm centered at 2.01 µm. No saturation of the gain is observed for an on‐chip input power up to 0 dBm, and on‐chip gain is observed for temperatures up to at least 50 °C. This technology paves the way to chip‐level applications for optical communication, industrial or medical monitoring, and non‐linear optics.

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Gluteal compartment syndrome with neurologic impairment: Report of 2 cases and review of the literature
Authors: Kuhlman Greg D. , Gwathmey Kelly G.
Published: February 2017

Introduction: We describe two patients who developed gluteal compartment syndrome (GCS) in the context of drug overdose. One patient developed a sciatic neuropathy, and one patient developed a lumbosacral plexopathy. Methods: We reviewed the literature of atraumatic GCS and resultant neurological impairment. Results: We reviewed 26 cases (our two cases and 24 previously published cases) of GCS and neurological impairment. All patients developed GCS in the context of drug or alcohol overdose. Creatine kinase was markedly elevated in all patients in which it was tested, and most patients developed renal failure. Seventeen patients had a fasciotomy, and 9 patients were managed conservatively. There appeared to be a trend toward worse prognosis in the conservatively managed group. Discussion: Neurologists should be aware of GCS. Immediate recognition facilitates consideration of further diagnostic testing, including intracompartmental pressure measurement and consideration of surgical decompression, which may influence outcome. Muscle Nerve, 57: 325–330, 2018