bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The offset auditory brainstem response in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus): Evidence for multiple underlying processes
Authors: Mulsow Jason , Finneran James J. , Houser Dorian S. , Burkard Robert F. , Strahan Madelyn G. , Jones Ryan
Published: May 2021

The auditory brainstem response (ABR) to stimulus onset has been extensively used to investigate dolphin hearing. The mechanisms underlying this onset response have been thoroughly studied in mammals. In contrast, the ABR evoked by sound offset has received relatively little attention. To build upon previous observations of the dolphin offset ABR, a series of experiments was conducted to (1) determine the cochlear places responsible for response generation and (2) examine differences in response morphologies when using toneburst versus noiseburst stimuli. Measurements were conducted with seven bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) using tonebursts and spectrally “pink” broadband noisebursts, with highpass noise used to limit the cochlear regions involved in response generation. Results for normal-hearing and hearing-impaired dolphins suggest that the offset ABR contains contributions from at least two distinct responses. One type of response (across place) might arise from the activation of neural units that are shifted basally relative to stimulus frequency and shares commonalities with the onset ABR. A second type of response (within place) appears to represent a “true” offset response from afferent centers further up the ascending auditory pathway from the auditory nerve, and likely results from synchronous activity beginning at or above the cochlear nucleus.
ERK phosphorylation is RAF independent in naïve and activated B cells but RAF dependent in plasma cell differentiation
Authors: Scheffler Laura , Feicht Samantha , Babushku Tea , Kuhn Laura B. , Ehrenberg Stefanie , Frankenberger Samantha , Lehmann Frank M. , Hobeika Elias , Jungnickel Berit , Baccarini Manuela , Bornkamm Georg W. , Strobl Lothar J. , Zimber-Strobl Ursula
Published: May 2021

The activation of ERK in mouse B cells requires RAFs during only some stages of differentiation.
Mannose- and Mannobiose-Specific Responses of the Insect-Associated Cellulolytic Bacterium
Streptomyces
sp. Strain SirexAA-E
Authors: Ohashi Keisuke , Hataya Shogo , Nakata Akane , Matsumoto Kazuki , Kato Natsumi , Sato Wakana , Carlos-Shanley Camila , Beebe Emily T. , Currie Cameron R. , Fox Brian G. , Takasuka Taichi E.
Published: May 2021

Streptomyces
sp. SirexAA-E, a microbial symbiont of biomass-harvesting insects, secretes a suite of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes dependent on the available carbon sources.
Tools and Techniques for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)/COVID-19 Detection
Authors: Safiabadi Tali Seyed Hamid , LeBlanc Jason J. , Sadiq Zubi , Oyewunmi Oyejide Damilola , Camargo Carolina , Nikpour Bahareh , Armanfard Narges , Sagan Selena M. , Jahanshahi-Anbuhi Sana
Published: May 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to millions of confirmed cases and deaths worldwide. Efficient diagnostic tools are in high demand, as rapid and large-scale testing plays a pivotal role in patient management and decelerating disease spread.
Structural Modeling of the Treponema pallidum Outer Membrane Protein Repertoire: a Road Map for Deconvolution of Syphilis Pathogenesis and Development of a Syphilis Vaccine
Authors: Hawley Kelly L. , Montezuma-Rusca Jairo M. , Delgado Kristina N. , Singh Navreeta , Uversky Vladimir N. , Caimano Melissa J. , Radolf Justin D. , Luthra Amit
Published: May 2021

The unusual outer membrane (OM) of
T. pallidum
, the syphilis spirochete, is the ultrastructural basis for its well-recognized capacity for invasiveness, immune evasion, and persistence. In recent years, we have made considerable progress in identifying
T. pallidum
’s repertoire of OMPs.
XRE-Type Regulator BioX Acts as a Negative Transcriptional Factor of Biotin Metabolism in Riemerella anatipestifer
Authors: Ren Xiaomei , Chen Zongchao , Niu Pengfei , Han Wenlong , Ding Chan , Yu Shengqing
Published: May 2021

Riemerella anatipestifer
is a causative agent of diseases in ducks, geese, turkeys, and various other domestic and wild birds. Our study reveals that biotin synthesis of
R. anatipestifer
is regulated by the BioX through binding to the promoter region of the
bioF
gene to inhibit transcription of the
bioFDA
operon.
The 5-HT
3
Receptor Affects Rotavirus-Induced Motility
Authors: Hagbom Marie , Hellysaz Arash , Istrate Claudia , Nordgren Johan , Sharma Sumit , de-Faria Felipe Meira , Magnusson Karl-Eric , Svensson Lennart
Published: May 2021

The mechanisms underlying rotavirus-induced diarrhea and vomiting are not yet fully understood. To better understand rotavirus pathophysiology, characterization of nerve signaling within the ENS and through vagal efferent nerves to the brain, which have been shown to be of great importance to the disease, is necessary.
MafF Is an Antiviral Host Factor That Suppresses Transcription from Hepatitis B Virus Core Promoter
Authors: Ibrahim Marwa K. , Abdelhafez Tawfeek H. , Takeuchi Junko S. , Wakae Kosho , Sugiyama Masaya , Tsuge Masataka , Ito Masahiko , Watashi Koichi , El Kassas Mohamed , Kato Takanobu , Murayama Asako , Suzuki Tetsuro , Chayama Kazuaki , Shimotohno Kunitada , Muramatsu Masamichi , Aly Hussein H. , Wakita Takaji
Published: May 2021

HBV is a leading cause of chronic liver diseases, infecting about 250 million people worldwide. HBV has developed strategies to escape interferon-dependent innate immune responses.
The CD8+T Cell Noncytotoxic Antiviral Responses
Authors: Morvan Maelig G. , Teque Fernando C. , Locher Christopher P. , Levy Jay A.
Published: May 2021

The CD8+T cell noncytotoxic antiviral response (CNAR) was discovered during studies of asymptomatic HIV-infected subjects more than 30 years ago. In contrast to CD8+T cell cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) activity, CNAR suppresses HIV replication without target cell killing.
mSphere of Influence: Where the Pathogen Proteins Are
Authors: Reinke Aaron W.
Published: May 2021

Aaron Reinke studies microsporidian evolution and how microsporidia interact with their hosts. In this mSphere of Influence article, he reflects on how the papers “A promiscuous biotin ligase fusion protein identifies proximal and interacting proteins in mammalian cells” (K.
Anastomotic fistula after emergency enterectomy for retrograde intussusception after gastric bypass
Authors: Lazaro Andre , Simões João , da Costa Ana Valente , Ventura Luis
Published: May 2021

Retrograde intussusception is a rare complication of gastric bypass. It is commonly located in the common limb close to the jejunojejunostomy. The management of such condition dictates the outcome of the patient either in the immediate emergency setting or in the long-term bariatric surgery’s expected results. We present a case of a retrograde intussusception 3 years after gastric bypass which warranted an emergency enterectomy, followed by an anastomotic fistula. The adequate management of these cases leads to recovery without compromising the effect of bariatric surgery in the future.
Testicular ischaemia: one of the most unknown of post-EVAR complications
Authors: Costa-Perez Laura , Arefai-Refai Bahaa , Ramirez-Montoya Mauricio , Hostench-Junoy Nuria
Published: May 2021

Testicular ischaemia after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) is a very uncommon complication. There are only a few cases reported in the literature and the pathogenesis remains unclear. We report a case of unilateral testicular ischaemia in the early postoperative period after EVAR.

A 78-year-old man underwent standard EVAR without immediate complications. Twenty-four hours after the procedure, the patient developed sudden onset of right scrotal pain and a low-grade fever. Urgent testicular ultrasound showed ischaemic signs compromising 75% of the testicle. The patient was successfully managed with conservative treatment.

Although the pathogenesis is unknown, acute thrombosis of the testicle feeding arteries is postulated as the main hypothesis in the physiopathogenesis.
Pneumomediastinum in a patient with COVID-19 due to diffuse alveolar damage
Authors: Heijboer Frank , Oswald Laurien , Cretier Sander , Braunstahl Gert-Jan
Published: May 2021

A 74-year-old man with COVID-19 was admitted and experienced progressive dyspnoea while receiving supplemental oxygen via high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC). A CT of the thorax showed a pneumomediastinum. The HFNC was temporally interrupted, since it was uncertain whether the positive end-expiratory pressure of the HFNC could be the cause of the pneumomediastinum. After restart of the HFNC, there was no increase of symptoms. We suggest that the pneumomediastinum was the result of COVID-19-related alveolar damage, and not due to the use of HFNC. This observation is relevant since HFNC is often used in the treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia.
Autoimmune gastritis concomitant with gastric adenoma and subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord
Authors: Taniguchi Masahiro , Sudo Gota , Sekiguchi Yuzufumi , Nakase Hiroshi
Published: May 2021

A 62-year-old woman was referred to our department for further investigation of anaemia. Blood test showed macrocytic anaemia. Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) revealed proximal-predominant gastric atrophy and flat elevated lesion in the gastric body. Several days after OGD, she complained of gait disturbance and was diagnosed with subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord. Furthermore, laboratory tests showed positive for both anti-parietal cell and anti-intrinsic factor antibodies, as well as increased serum gastrin level and decreased pepsinogen I level, which confirmed the diagnosis of autoimmune gastritis (AIG). Anaemia and neurological symptoms were improved after vitamin B12supplementation. Subsequently, the patient underwent gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection; histopathological examination revealed gastric adenoma. AIG can cause gastric neoplasms and vitamin B12deficiency, with the latter resulting in pernicious anaemia and neurological disorders. These diseases are treatable but potentially life-threatening. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis of AIG and proper management of its comorbidities.
Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in patients with short bowel syndrome and colon in continuity: an open-label pilot study
Authors: Naimi Rahim Mohammad , Hvistendahl Mark Krogh , Thomassen Lise Margrete , Johnsen Hanna , Christiansen Charlotte Bayer , Holst Jens Juul , Hartmann Bolette , Jeppesen Palle Bekker
Published: May 2021

Objective

Patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) and colon in continuity have better adaptation potential compared with patients with jejunostomy. Adaptation may involve enhanced postprandial secretion of the enteroendocrine hormones glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and GLP-2 which are normally degraded by dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4. Nevertheless, some patients with SBS with colon in continuity suffer from high-volume faecal excretions and have been shown to benefit from treatment with GLP-2. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate efficacy of sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, on reducing faecal excretions in this patient group.

Design

In an open-label, case series, proof-of-concept pilot study, 100 mg oral sitagliptin was given two times per day for 8 weeks to patients with SBS with ≥50% colon in continuity with or without the need for parenteral support (PS). To assess intestinal function, metabolic balance studies were done at baseline and following 8 weeks of treatment.

Results

Of the 10 patients planned for enrolment, 8 patients were included; 7 patients completed the study. Although postprandial endogenous GLP-2 concentrations increased by 49 hours×pmol/L (39, 105; p=0.018) (median (min, max)), sitagliptin did not significantly reduce median faecal wet weight (−174 g/day (−1510, 675; p=0.176)) or increase intestinal wet weight absorption. However, heterogeneity in the treatment effect was observed: intestinal wet weight absorption increased in all four patients with intestinal failure. One patient achieved a reduction in PS by 500 mL per administration day.

Conclusion

Following this negative, small pilot study, larger, placebo-controlled, studies are needed to establish the therapeutic potential of DPP-4 inhibition in patients with SBS.
Assessing trauma care systems in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and evidence synthesis mapping the Three Delays framework to injury health system assessments
Authors: Whitaker John , O'Donohoe Nollaig , Denning Max , Poenaru Dan , Guadagno Elena , Leather Andrew J M , Davies Justine I
Published: May 2021

Background

The large burden of injuries falls disproportionately on low/middle-income countries (LMICs). Health system interventions improve outcomes in high-income countries. Assessing LMIC trauma systems supports their improvement. Evaluating systems using a Three Delays framework, considering barriers to seeking (Delay 1), reaching (Delay 2) and receiving care (Delay 3), has aided maternal health gains. Rapid assessments allow timely appraisal within resource and logistically constrained settings. We systematically reviewed existing literature on the assessment of LMIC trauma systems, applying the Three Delays framework and rapid assessment principles.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review and narrative synthesis of articles assessing LMIC trauma systems. We searched seven databases and grey literature for studies and reports published until October 2018. Inclusion criteria were an injury care focus and assessment of at least one defined system aspect. We mapped each study to the Three Delays framework and judged its suitability for rapid assessment.

Results

Of 14 677 articles identified, 111 studies and 8 documents were included. Sub-Saharan Africa was the most commonly included region (44.1%). Delay 3, either alone or in combination, was most commonly assessed (79.3%) followed by Delay 2 (46.8%) and Delay 1 (10.8%). Facility assessment was the most common method of assessment (36.0%). Only 2.7% of studies assessed all Three Delays. We judged 62.6% of study methodologies potentially suitable for rapid assessment.

Conclusions

Whole health system injury research is needed as facility capacity assessments dominate. Future studies should consider novel or combined methods to study Delays 1 and 2, alongside care processes and outcomes.
Health system influences on the implementation of tuberculosis infection prevention and control at health facilities in low-income and middle-income countries: a scoping review
Authors: Zwama Gimenne , Diaconu Karin , Voce Anna S , O'May Fiona , Grant Alison D , Kielmann Karina
Published: May 2021

Background

Tuberculosis infection prevention and control (TB-IPC) measures are consistently reported to be poorly implemented globally. TB-IPC guidelines provide limited recognition of the complexities of implementing TB-IPC within routine health systems, particularly those facing substantive resource constraints. This scoping review maps documented system influences on TB-IPC implementation in health facilities of low/middle-income countries (LMICs).

Methods

We conducted a systematic search of empirical research published before July 2018 and included studies reporting TB-IPC implementation at health facility level in LMICs. Bibliometric data and narratives describing health system influences on TB-IPC implementation were extracted following established methodological frameworks for conducting scoping reviews. A best-fit framework synthesis was applied in which extracted data were deductively coded against an existing health policy and systems research framework, distinguishing between social and political context, policy decisions, and system hardware (eg, information systems, human resources, service infrastructure) and software (ideas and interests, relationships and power, values and norms).

Results

Of 1156 unique search results, we retained 77 studies; two-thirds were conducted in sub-Saharan Africa, with more than half located in South Africa. Notable sociopolitical and policy influences impacting on TB-IPC implementation include stigma against TB and the availability of facility-specific TB-IPC policies, respectively. Hardware influences on TB-IPC implementation referred to availability, knowledge and educational development of staff, timeliness of service delivery, availability of equipment, such as respirators and masks, space for patient separation, funding, and TB-IPC information, education and communication materials and tools. Commonly reported health system software influences were workplace values and established practices, staff agency, TB risk perceptions and fears as well as staff attitudes towards TB-IPC.

Conclusion

TB-IPC is critically dependent on health system factors. This review identified the health system factors and health system research gaps that can be considered in a whole system approach to strengthen TB-IPC practices at facility levels in LMICs.
Ability of prehospital NEWS to predict 1-day and 7-day mortality is reduced in older adult patients
Authors: Pirneskoski Jussi , Lääperi Mitja , Kuisma Markku , Olkkola Klaus T , Nurmi Jouni
Published: May 2021

Background

National Early Warning Score (NEWS) does not include age as a parameter despite age is a significant independent risk factor of death. The aim of this study was to examine whether age has an effect on predictive performance of short-term mortality of NEWS in a prehospital setting. We also evaluated whether adding age as an additional parameter to NEWS improved its short-term mortality prediction.

Methods

We calculated NEWS scores from retrospective prehospital electronic patient record data for patients 18 years or older with sufficient prehospital data to calculate NEWS. We used area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) to analyse the predictive performance of NEWS for 1 and 7 day mortalities with increasing age in three different age groups: <65 years, 65–79 years and ≥80 years. We also explored the ORs for mortality of different NEWS parameters in these age groups. We added age to NEWS as an additional parameter and evaluated its effect on predictive performance.

Results

We analysed data from 35 800 ambulance calls. Predictive performance for 7-day mortality of NEWS decreased with increasing age: AUROC (95% CI) for 1-day mortality was 0.876 (0.848 to 0.904), 0.824 (0.794 to 0.854) and 0.820 (0.788 to 0.852) for first, second and third age groups, respectively. AUROC for 7-day mortality had a similar trend. Addition of age as an additional parameter to NEWS improved its ability to predict short-term mortality when assessed with continuous Net Reclassification Improvement.

Conclusions

Age should be considered as an additional parameter to NEWS, as it improved its performance in predicting short-term mortality in this prehospital cohort.
A New Tunable SISO Filter Designed in 40nm CMOS for Bilateral Inverse and Buffer Filtering Applications
Authors: Mohammad Umar , Tang Fang , Zhou Shu , Yasin Mohd Yusuf
Published: May 2021

A new study imitating the design and implementation of single-input–single-output (SISO) filters as bilateral filters has been presented in this paper. Second generation current controlled current conveyor (CCCII), being a popular low power active element was considered for the realization of the proposed design. Complete design, analysis and implementation of the voltage mode SISO filter was done using only two CCCII’s and two passive parasitic components. The striking feature of this work is that the proposed design can be made to work at either the input node or the output node, as well as in the cases; the change of direction changes the filter into an inverse filter and buffer filter. Basic filter applications like low-pass, high-pass, band-pass and band-stop were aimed to check the uniformity of the proposed design at different frequencies. Results perceived from the simulation study were fare enough on both the side nodes of the proposed design. Categorically, the circuit can be aimed to work in lieu of a filter transceiver. The consistency of the circuit was analyzed by the nodal analysis. Whereas the working performance was enormously analyzed and evaluated during the simulation analysis. The proposed design was simulated in HSPICE tool to exhibit and exploit the delivery, using the 45[Formula: see text]nm predictive technology model (PTM) parameters, with [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]V rail to rail voltages. Maximum power consumption of the circuit is around 138.5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]W. Finally, the design was also implemented in Cadence Virtuoso using 40[Formula: see text]nm SMIC parameters.
Lidocaine Hydrochloride Nanoparticles Preparation using Multiple Emulsions and its Physicochemical Evaluation
Authors: Shakiba-Maram Nader , Avarvand Omid Kheiry , Mohtasham Neda , Ahmady Amanollah Zarei
Published: May 2021

Lidocaine is a primary local anesthesia that blocks the ionic fluxes required for the beginning and operation of impulses in the neuronal membrane. The benefits of local anesthetics, such as enhancing patient acceptance, prohibiting systemic toxicity and delivering continuous drug delivery, make them the attracting field for pharmaceutical researchers. The nanoparticles were prepared by solvent evaporation W1/O/W2 emulsion method and in the ratios of 1 to 1, 1 to 2 and 1 to 3 drug to polymer. The production yield, loading efficiency, particle size, poly dispersity index and zeta potential of selected formulation were 84.30%, 80.60%, 192[Formula: see text]nm, 0.18[Formula: see text]mV and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mV, respectively. DSC and FTIR studies showed that no chemical interactions between drug and polymer Formulations showed an initial burst release, which is a reason for the good capacity of the polymer to maintain the drug in it and lead to a primary slow release.
A new construction of mutually unbiased maximally entangled bases in ℂq⊗ℂq
Authors: Xu Dengming , Li Feiya , Hu Wei
Published: May 2021

This paper is devoted to constructing mutually unbiased maximally entangled bases (MUMEBs) in [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a prime power. We prove that [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text] is even, and [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text] is odd, where [Formula: see text] is the maximal size of the sets of MUMEBs in [Formula: see text]. This highly raises the lower bounds of [Formula: see text] given in D. Xu, Quant. Inf. Process. 18(7) (2019) 213; D. Xu, Quant. Inf. Process. 19(6) (2020) 175. It should de noted that the method used in the paper is completely different from that in D. Xu, Quant. Inf. Process. 18(7) (2019) 213; D. Xu, Quant. Inf. Process. 19(6) (2020) 175.
High success perfect transmission of 1-qubit information using purposefully delayed sharing of non-maximally entangled 2-qubit resource and repeated generalized Bell-state measurements
Authors: Javed Shamiya , Prakash Ranjana , Prakash Hari
Published: May 2021

We propose a new scheme in which perfect transmission of 1-qubit information is achieved with high success using purposefully delayed sharing of non-maximally entangled 2-qubit resource and repeated generalized Bell-state measurements (GBSM). Alice possesses initially all qubits and she makes repeated GBSM on the pair of qubits, consisting of (1) the qubit of information state and (2) one of the two entangled resource qubits (taken alternately) until transmission with perfect fidelity is indicated. Alice then sends to Bob, the qubit not used in the last GBSM and also the result of this GBSM and Bob applies a suitable unitary transformation to replicate exactly the information state. Continued probabilistic transmission with unit fidelity is achieved by changing continuously the generalized Bell basis and also the pair of measured qubits of the collapsed states. We calculate the success probability up to the third repeated attempt of GBSM and plot it with concurrence of the entangled resource state. We also discuss the maximal average fidelity.
The Makerspace Phenomenon: A Bibliometric Review of Literature (2012–2020)
Authors: Sharma Gautam
Published: May 2021

This paper uses bibliometric methods to review the research on makerspaces. The objective of the study was to document the growth and geographic distribution of makerspace literature, identify the main authors, documents. In addition to this, the study also combined two bibliometric analysis methods, co-citation analysis and co-word analysis to identify the intellectual structure of the makerspace knowledge base and the evolution of research themes over time. A total of 654 documents related to makerspaces between 2012 and 2020 were identified from the Scopus database. The review found that research base on makerspace is starting to grow from 2017 onwards with an accelerating growth rate, however, the published studies are mainly from USA and Europe. The paper also lists the most cited documents, the influential sources of publications and the main authors working on this area. The review also identified five research clusters using co-citation analysis that have emerged over time which are “innovation and development in makerspaces”, “child development in makerspaces”, “learning and STEM education in makerspaces”, “implementation of makerspaces in education”, and “university makerspaces”. Another major finding highlighted “innovation, design, and creativity”, “engineering curriculum”, “skill development”, “computer programming knowledge”, and “learning, collaboration and community development” as the five main research themes using the co-word analysis. These findings provide a robust roadmap for further investigation in this research field.
Dark energy nature of viscus universe in f(Q)-gravity with observational constraints
Authors: Pradhan Anirudh , Maurya Dinesh Chandra , Dixit Archana
Published: May 2021

In this study, we have investigated the dark energy behavior of the viscus-fluid in [Formula: see text]-gravity in a flat, isotropic and homogeneous Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) space-time metric. We have considered the linear form of [Formula: see text] function as [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] as model parameters. We have solved the field equations for the scale factor [Formula: see text] and found [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is an integrating constant, [Formula: see text] is the EoS for normal matter and [Formula: see text] is generated from bulk-viscus fluid. We have calculated the several cosmological parameters for this scale factor and studied their physical and geometrical behavior along the observational data sets [Formula: see text] and Union [Formula: see text] compilation of SNe Ia data sets. We have observed that the [Formula: see text] factor reveals the presence of cosmological constant and for [Formula: see text], the acceleration drives by the bulk-viscosity of the fluid and it behaves just like dark energy model without cosmological constant. We have studied the effective EoS [Formula: see text] and found [Formula: see text]. We have evaluated the age of the present universe as [Formula: see text] Gyrs. and also, we have studied the nature of deceleration parameter with the signature-flipping point at [Formula: see text] and the present value of deceleration parameter [Formula: see text] is obtained as [Formula: see text].
On Symmetric Cayley Graphs of Valency Eleven
Authors: Ling Bo , Lou Bengong , Ma Li , Yu Xue
Published: May 2021

A Cayley graph [Formula: see text] is said to be normal if [Formula: see text] is normal in [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we investigate the normality problem of the connected 11-valent symmetric Cayley graphs [Formula: see text] of finite nonabelian simple groups [Formula: see text], where the vertex stabilizer [Formula: see text] is soluble for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. We prove that either [Formula: see text] is normal or [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]. Further, 11-valent symmetric nonnormal Cayley graphs of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are constructed. This provides some more examples of nonnormal 11-valent symmetric Cayley graphs of finite nonabelian simple groups after the first graph of this kind (of valency 11) was constructed by Fang, Ma and Wang in 2011.
Gorenstein Projective Dimensions of Modules over Minimal Auslander–Gorenstein Algebras
Authors: Li Shen , Marczinzik René , Zhang Shunhua
Published: May 2021

In this article we investigate the relations between the Gorenstein projective dimensions of [Formula: see text]-modules and their socles for [Formula: see text]-minimal Auslander–Gorenstein algebras [Formula: see text]. First we give a description of projective-injective [Formula: see text]-modules in terms of their socles. Then we prove that a [Formula: see text]-module [Formula: see text] has Gorenstein projective dimension at most [Formula: see text] if and only if its socle has Gorenstein projective dimension at most [Formula: see text] if and only if [Formula: see text] is cogenerated by a projective [Formula: see text]-module. Furthermore, we show that [Formula: see text]-minimal Auslander–Gorenstein algebras can be characterised by the relations between the Gorenstein projective dimensions of modules and their socles.
Ideals of Finite-Dimensional Pointed Hopf Algebras of Rank One
Authors: Wang Yu , Wang Zhihua , Li Libin
Published: May 2021

Let [Formula: see text] be a finite-dimensional pointed Hopf algebra of rank one over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. In this paper we show that any finite-dimensional indecomposable [Formula: see text]-module is generated by one element. In particular, any indecomposable submodule of [Formula: see text] under the adjoint action is generated by a special element of [Formula: see text]. Using this result, we show that the Hopf algebra [Formula: see text] is a principal ideal ring, i.e., any two-sided ideal of [Formula: see text] is generated by one element. As an application, we give explicitly the generators of ideals, primitive ideals, maximal ideals and completely prime ideals of the Taft algebras.
On the approximate solutions and asymptotic stability of an onchocerciasis transmission model
Authors: Ogunmiloro Oluwatayo Michael
Published: May 2021

This article describes the mathematical model derivation describing river blindness disease transmission in human and vector (blackflies) host population. The effect of incomplete resistance to re-infection in human individuals who recovered from the disease after treatment but are still subjected to repeated exposures to infected blackflies bite is investigated. Also, the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] is obtained and it is shown that if [Formula: see text], the onchocerciasis-free equilibrium is locally and globally asymptotically stable. Also, if [Formula: see text], the onchocerciasis-endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. Moreover, the Differential Transform Method (DTM) and Runge–Kutta fourth-order method is employed via the computational software Maple 18 to solve and obtain the approximate solutions of the model system equations, which showed that the numerical results favorably compare with each other. Simulations reveal that increase in biting and transmission rates leads to an increase of [Formula: see text] and incomplete resistance to re-infection due to consistent exposure to blackflies bites. Also, simulations of the approximate solutions of the model state equations are provided.
Text Classification of Gujarati Newspaper Headlines
Authors: Mehta Stuti , Mitra Suman K.
Published: May 2021

Text classification is an extremely important area of Natural Language Processing (NLP). This paper studies various methods for embedding and classification in the Gujarati language. The dataset comprises of Gujarati News Headlines classified into various categories. Different embedding methods for Gujarati language and various classifiers are used to classify the headlines into given categories. Gujarati is a low resource language. This language is not commonly worked upon. This paper deals with one of the most important NLP tasks - classification and along with it, an idea about various embedding techniques for Gujarati language can be obtained since they help in feature extraction for the process of classification. This paper first performs embedding to get a valid representation of the textual data and then uses already existing robust classifiers to perform classification over the embedded data. Additionally, the paper provides an insight into how various NLP tasks can be performed over a low resource language like Gujarati. Finally, the research paper carries out a comparative analysis between the performances of various existing methods of embedding and classification to get an idea of which combination gives a better outcome.
Single-Cell Analysis for Whole-Organism Datasets
Authors: Pisco Angela Oliveira , Tojo Bruno , McGeever Aaron
Published: May 2021

Cell atlases are essential companions to the genome as they elucidate how genes are used in a cell type–specific manner or how the usage of genes changes over the lifetime of an organism. This review explores recent advances in whole-organism single-cell atlases, which enable understanding of cell heterogeneity and tissue and cell fate, both in health and disease. Here we provide an overview of recent efforts to build cell atlases across species and discuss the challenges that the field is currently facing. Moreover, we propose the concept of having a knowledgebase that can scale with the number of experiments and computational approaches and a new feedback loop for development and benchmarking of computational methods that includes contributions from the users. These two aspects are key for community efforts in single-cell biology that will help produce a comprehensive annotated map of cell types and states with unparalleled resolution.
Cell and Tissue Therapy for the Treatment of Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Bram Yaron , Nguyen Duc-Huy T. , Gupta Vikas , Park Jiwoon , Richardson Chanel , Chandar Vasuretha , Schwartz Robert E.
Published: May 2021

Liver disease is an important clinical problem, impacting 600 million people worldwide. It is the 11th-leading cause of death in the world. Despite constant improvement in treatment and diagnostics, the aging population and accumulated risk factors led to increased morbidity due to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis. Liver transplantation, first established in the 1960s, is the second-most-common solid organ transplantation and is the gold standard for the treatment of liver failure. However, less than 10% of the global need for liver transplantation is met at the current rates of transplantation due to the paucity of available organs. Cell- and tissue-based therapies present an alternative to organ transplantation. This review surveys the approaches and tools that have been developed, discusses the distinctive challenges that exist for cell- and tissue-based therapies, and examines the future directions of regenerative therapies for the treatment of liver disease.
Environmentally Friendly Fabrication of Ti/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5 Anode with In Situ Incorporation of Reduced TiO2 Interlayer
Authors: Wang Jingru , Ba Xuchen , Zhao Zekun , Wang Juan , Yang Qipeng , Liu Yijie , Bo Jiang
Published: May 2021

The intensive use of chemical reagents in the pretreatment of Ti substrate and shorter electrode life constrict the wider application of the dimensionally stable anode (DSA). In this study, a simple method was developed to thermally pretreat the Ti substrate in the atmosphere of H2 and N2 (molar ratio 1:5) without chemicals consumption and wastewater discharge. It was found that the reduced TiO2 interlayer could be favorably created at temperature of 750 °C. This rendered Ti/reduced TiO2/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5 anode with better stability and higher electrocatalytic activity. The accelerated lifetime for Ti/reduced TiO2/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5 electrode was 65 h with the optimum catalyst loading amount (2.6 ± 0.05 mg cm−2), while it was only 50 h for traditional Ti/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5 electrode. As compared with the counterparts, Ti/reduced TiO2/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5 with higher oxygen evolution potential (1.42 V/SCE) and lower chlorine evolution potential (1.12 V/SCE), suggesting higher electro-catalytic activity toward reactive oxidative species formation. The deactivation test indicates that the anode deactivation mainly proceeded via the dissolution of the catalyst layer and then formation of insulated TiO2 on the substrate. Generally, an environmentally friendly Ti substrate pretreatment method was developed and demonstrated promising for upgrading DSA fabrication process in industrial application.
Growth Kinetics of Multi-Oxide Passive Film Formed Upon the Multi-Principal Element Alloy AlTiVCr: Effect of Transpassive Dissolution of V and Cr
Authors: Choudhary S. , Thomas S. , Macdonald D. D. , Birbilis N.
Published: May 2021

The growth kinetics of the surface film formed upon the multi-principal element alloy AlTiVCr under anodic polarisation in 0.6 M NaCl was investigated using atomic emission spectroelectrochemistry (AESEC). The AESEC charge balance analysis revealed that thickness of the barrier layer of the passive film upon the alloy: (1) increases linearly with the increase in anodic potential during potentiodynamic polarisation, and (2) increases logarithmically with exposure time during potentiostatic polarisation. This is consistent with the assumptions of the point defect model, despite the film being a multi-oxide film with transpassive dissolution of V and Cr. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that the growth of the film was predominantly due to TiO2 during anodic polarisation. The electric field was found to decrease with enrichment of TiO2 in the barrier layer. The Mott-Schottky analysis revealed that the diffusivity of oxygen vacancies increased with the increase in fraction of TiO2 in the film, which subsequently led to the increase in the growth rate of the barrier layer during transpassive dissolution. The present work is a discrete effort towards understanding the growth behaviour of the passive film experiencing complex and competing interfacial electrochemical processes, upon a multi-principal element alloy.
Elucidating the Role of Hydroxide Electrolyte on Anion-Exchange-Membrane Water Electrolyzer Performance
Authors: Liu Jiangjin , Kang Zhenye , Li Dongguo , Pak Magnolia , Alia Shaun M. , Fujimoto Cy , Bender Guido , Kim Yu Seung , Weber Adam Z.
Published: May 2021

Many solid-state devices, especially those requiring anion conduction, often add a supporting electrolyte to enable efficient operation. The prototypical case is that of anion-exchange-membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWEs), where addition of an alkali metal solution improves performance. However, the specific mechanism of this performance improvement is currently unknown. This work investigates the functionality of the alkali metal solution in AEMWEs using experiments and mathematical models. The results show that additional hydroxide plays a key role not only in ohmic resistance of the membrane and catalyst layer but also in the reaction kinetics. The modeling suggests that the added liquid electrolyte creates an additional electrochemical interface with the electrocatalyst that provides ion-transport pathways and distributes product gas bubbles; the total effective electrochemical active surface area in the cell with 1 M KOH is 5 times higher than that of the cell with DI water. In the cell with 1 M KOH, more than 80% of the reaction current is associate with the liquid electrolyte. These results indicate the importance of high pH of electrolyte and catalyst/electrolyte interface in AEMWEs. The understanding of the functionality of the alkali metal solution presented in this study should help guide the design and optimization of AEMWEs.
A Highly Sensitive Electrochemical DNA Sensor Based on Nanostructured Electrode of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/Manganese Dioxide Nano-Flowers-like/Polyaniline Nanowires Nanocomposite
Authors: Tran Luyen Thi , Tran Hoang Vinh , Tran Trung , Nguyen Nghia Trong , Bui Dan Van , Tran Phu Quang , Van Chu Tuan
Published: May 2021

We report here a development of a novel and label-free electrochemical DNA sensor based on a nanostructured electrode of multi-walled carbon nanotubes/manganese dioxide nano-flowers-like/polyaniline nanowires (MWCNTs/MnO2/PANi NWs) nanocomposite. The nanocomposite was synthesized in situ onto the interdigitated platinum microelectrode (Pt) using a novel combined chemical-electrochemical synthesis method: chemical preparation of MWCNTs/MnO2 and electropolymerization of PANi NWs. The fabricated MWCNTs/MnO2/PANi NWs was used for the first time to develop a label-free electrochemical DNA sensor for detection of a specific gene of Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7. The Pt electrode surface modification by the MWCNTs/MnO2/PANi NWs can facilitate the immobilization of probe DNA strands and therefore the electrochemical signal of the DNA sensors has been improved. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were conducted to investigate the output signals generated by the specific binding of probe and target DNA sequences. The developed electrochemical biosensor can detect the target DNA in the linear range of 5 pM to 500 nM with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 4.42 × 10–13 M. The research results demonstrated that the MWCNTs/MnO2/PANi NWs nanocomposite-based electrochemical DNA sensor has a great potential application to the development of highly sensitive and selective electrochemical DNA sensors to detect pathogenic agents.
Asymmetric Interdigitated Electrodes for Amperometric Detection of Soluble Products
Authors: Lee Sophia E. , Tang Maureen H.
Published: May 2021

A new electroanalytical design based on asymmetric interdigitated arrays (IDA) is presented and the effects of asymmetry on the device performance are characterized electrochemically. Varying the collector and generator band widths independently of each other tunes the collection efficiency and redox cycling-induced feedback. These arrays are able to provide low feedback (<10%) while maintaining moderate collection efficiency (25%–40%). Behavior is evaluated experimentally and using a numerical model. The application of the device to detect soluble electrolyte degradation products in nonaqueous lithium-ion and sodium-ion battery electrolytes is demonstrated.
Degradation-Safety Analytics in Lithium-Ion Cells and Modules Part II. Overcharge and External Short Circuit Scenarios
Authors: Juarez-Robles Daniel , Azam Saad , Jeevarajan Judith A. , Mukherjee Partha P.
Published: May 2021

Lithium-ion cells can be inadvertently subjected to overcharge or other off-nominal conditions during their use in the field, compromising user safety. Off-nominal tests are typically carried out on fresh cells. The goal of this work is to characterize the interplay between cycle life aging and the off-nominal events. Cylindrical cells aged to 10, 15 and 20% capacity fade (CF) and battery modules aged to 20% CF, both cycled under two operating voltage windows, were subjected to overcharge and external short tests. Additionally, single cells were aged to 20% CF using a drive cycle profile at three temperatures of 10 °C, 25 °C and 40 °C. Under overcharge conditions, the single fresh cells experience slower activation of the current interrupt device (CID) compared to the aged cells and the cathode displayed severe degradation in spite of the CID activation and the anode exhibited lithium plating on the edges of the electrode. At the module level, the fresh module experiences fire while the aged module shows sequential CID activation with no thermal runaway. No major trends were observed with the external short tests of the aged cells compared to the fresh ones due to protection provided by the positive temperature coefficient (PTC).
Delivery Mode Preference and Associated Factors among Pregnant Mothers in Harar Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Welay Fissaha Tekulu , Gebresilassie Berhanu , Asefa Guesh Gebreayezgi , Mengesha Meresa Berwo
Published: May 2021

Background. The right to prefer mode of delivery is a crucial component of compassionate and respectful care that fosters both maternal and neonatal well‐being as the failure to respect the mother’s interest increases to the risk of maternal depression and posttraumatic stress. Thus, the aim of the study was to assess delivery mode preference and associated factors among pregnant women. Methods and Materials. The study was conducted in two hospitals and two health centers. We used a cross‐sectional study design incorporating 398 pregnant mothers attending an antenatal care follow‐up from February to May 2018. The study excluded pregnant mothers with any previous uterine surgery including caesarean delivery from participation due to their restricted chance to prefer their mode of delivery. Data were collected by using a pretested questionnaire. Data were entered to EpiData Manager version 3.1 and exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22 for analysis. Besides, the analysis included both the bivariate and multivariable analyses to check the association between dependent and independent variables. Finally, level of statistical significance was declared at P value < 0.05. Result. The participant’s level of response was 100% (398). The age of the mothers ranges from 15 to 45 years old. The delivery mode preference of the caesarean section (C/S) and spontaneous vertex delivery (SVD) was 115 (28.9%) and 283 (71.1%), respectively. The study revealed that planned 47 pregnancy [AOR, 1.76; CI: 0.89‐3.47], young age [AOR, 12.9; CI: 0.23‐7.1], and primigravida [AOR, 1.24; CI: 0.29‐5.2] were among the variables associated with maternal preference of caesarean section. Conclusion and Recommendation. Nearly one‐third of the mothers preferred caesarean delivery as their mode of delivery due to fear of labor pain and repeated vaginal examination by the care providers. This is particularly seen in women who had received higher education level, claim their pregnancy as planned, their choice of delivery at hospital, young aged, pregnant for the first time, and those who had visited antenatal care repeatedly. This implies that policy makers and stakeholders should exert due emphasis to ongoing desire of caesarean delivery as the procedure is not without risk, if it is done without indication. For researchers, we recommend to investigate the preference of mode of delivery in a much broader aspect.
An Efficient Tensor Completion Method Combining Matrix Factorization and Smoothness
Authors: Tang Leiming , Cao Xunjie , Chen Weiyang , Ye Changbo
Published: May 2021

In this paper, the low‐complexity tensor completion (LTC) scheme is proposed to improve the efficiency of tensor completion. On one hand, the matrix factorization model is established for complexity reduction, which adopts the matrix factorization into the model of low‐rank tensor completion. On the other hand, we introduce the smoothness by total variation regularization and framelet regularization to guarantee the completion performance. Accordingly, given the proposed smooth matrix factorization (SMF) model, an alternating direction method of multiple‐ (ADMM‐) based solution is further proposed to realize the efficient and effective tensor completion. Additionally, we employ a novel tensor initialization approach to accelerate convergence speed. Finally, simulation results are presented to confirm the system gain of the proposed LTC scheme in both efficiency and effectiveness.