bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of an Instrument to Assess Expectations for the Use of Online Gaming, Social Networking Sites, and Online Pornography: the Marburg Internet Use Expectations (MINUS-X) Questionnaire
Authors: Mennig Manuel , Kessler Alexander , Stein Torben , Tennie Sophia , Rief Winfried , Barke Antonia
Published: January 2023

User’s expectations contribute to the maintenance of problematic use of online gaming (OG), social networking (SN), and online pornography (OP). Since an instrument to assess use expectations across applications is lacking, this study aimed at developing and testing such a questionnaire. It consists of a general module (GM), which includes expectations relevant to all three applications, and three application-specific modules. A pilot and a validation study were conducted with 2880 German adults. We conducted item analyses, exploratory factor analyses (EFA), exploratory structural equation modelling, and correlation analyses. The EFA revealed six factors for the GM and two factors for each specific module. The GM demonstrated measurement invariance between applications. The instrument showed excellent psychometric properties, indicating its suitability for assessing expectations concerning the use of OG, SN, and OG reliably and validly. It could be helpful for treating patients with problematic use of the applications and investigating the role of the relevant expectations.
Evaluation of the Relative Performance of the Subflattenings Method for Phylogenetic Inference
Authors: Stevenson Joshua , Holland Barbara , Charleston Michael , Sumner Jeremy
Published: January 2023

The algebraic properties offlatteningsandsubflatteningsprovide direct methods for identifying edges in the true phylogeny—and by extension the complete tree—using pattern counts from a sequence alignment. The relatively small number of possible internal edges among a set of taxa (compared to the number of binary trees) makes these methods attractive; however, more could be done to evaluate their effectiveness for inferring phylogenetic trees. This is the case particularly for subflattenings, and the work we present here makes progress in this area. We introduce software for constructing and evaluating subflattenings for splits, utilising a number of methods to make computing subflattenings more tractable. We then present the results of simulations we have performed in order to compare the effectiveness of subflattenings to that of flattenings in terms of split score distributions, and susceptibility to possible biases. We find that subflattenings perform similarly to flattenings in terms of the distribution of split scores on the trees we examined, but may be less affected by bias arising from both split size/balance and long branch attraction. These insights are useful for developing effective algorithms to utilise these tools for the purpose of inferring phylogenetic trees.
Analysis of land cover dynamics in Mozambique (2001–2016)
Authors: Cianciullo Silvio , Attorre Fabio , Trezza Francesca Romana , Rezende Marcelo , Ntumi Cornelio , Campira Joaquim , Munjovo Edna Tânia , Timane Renato David , Riccardi Tullia , Malatesta Luca
Published: January 2023

Land cover change (LCC) is a complex and dynamic process influenced by social, economic, and biophysical factors that can cause significant impacts on ecological processes and biodiversity conservation. The assessment of LCC is particularly relevant in a country like Mozambique where livelihood strongly depends on natural resources. In this study, LCC was assessed using a point-based sampling approach through Open Foris Collect Earth (CE), a free and open-source software for land assessment developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. This study aimed to conduct an LCC assessment using CE for the entire Mozambique, and according to three different land classifications: administrative boundaries (provinces), ecoregions, and protected vs unprotected areas. A set of 23,938 randomly selected plots, with an area of 0.5 hectares, placed on a 4 × 4 km regular grid over the entire country, was assessed using CE. The analysis showed that Mozambique has gone through significant loss of forest (− 1.3 Mha) mainly to the conversion to cropland. Deforestation is not occurring evenly throughout the country with some provinces, such as Nampula and Zambezia, characterized by higher rates than others, such as Gaza and Niassa. This result can be explained considering a combination of ecological and socio-economic factors, as well as the conservative role played by the protected areas. Our study confirmed that LCC is a complex phenomenon, and the augmented visual interpretation methodology can effectively complement and integrate the LCC analyses conducted using the traditional wall-to-wall mapping to support national land assessment and forest inventories and provide training data for environmental modeling.
Supporting Remote Social Robot Design Collaboration with Online Canvases: Lessons Learned from Facilitators’ and Participants’ Experiences
Authors: Ahtinen Aino , Kaipainen Kirsikka , Jarske Salla , Väänänen Kaisa
Published: January 2023

Social robot design projects typically involve multidisciplinary teamwork and collaboration, adopt a Human-Centred Design (HCD) approach, and deal with physical (tangible) objects, i.e., robots. HCD takes a human to the centre point of the design process. A typical activity in HCD are design workshops where a facilitator is needed to guide and moderate the task-related and interactional activities throughout the session. Facilitation is also usually needed in longer-term design projects or courses to guide participants through the different phases of design during several sessions. Recently, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, most design activities including social robot design were rapidly transferred to online mode. Designing for tangible objects is challenging in online settings because the interaction experience with a physical object is hard to demonstrate online. In this article, we report how we harnessed online canvases to support both short-term social robot design workshops and a long-term design course. Based on participants’ feedback and facilitators’ experiences, we report lessons learned from utilizing collaborative design canvases for creative social robot design projects that specifically focus on early stages and concept ideation. We propose practical guidelines for canvas-based online facilitation focusing on creative design workshops and projects. In addition, we discuss the lessons learned concerning social robot design activities taking place in online mode. To respond to the challenges of designing tangible robots in a fully online mode, we suggest a Hybrid Robotic Design Model (HRDM), where the participants work in contact with facilitators, other participants and robots at specific points, while the other phases are conducted online.
Perspectives of Maternal Mindful Parenting: Development and Initial Validation of the Mindful Parenting Inventories for Parents (MPIP) and Children (MPIC)
Authors: Acet Pinar , Oliver Bonamy R.
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Mindful parenting and its association with children’s socio-emotional development has garnered increasing research interest in recent years, but child perspectives are little understood. Here, we introduce the development and initial validation of parallel parent- and child-reported inventories—the Mindful Parenting Inventories for Parents (MPIP) and Children (MPIC)—that aim to measure parent and child perspectives of mindful parenting, respectively.

Method

The inventories consist of 18 items comprising 4 mindful parenting subscales (Self-Regulation in Parenting, Acceptance and Compassion towards Child, Being in the Moment with Child, Awareness of Child). Following initial feasibility work, 135 mothers (Mage = 44.50 years, SDage = 5.49 years) and 90 typically developing children (Mage = 13.09 years, SDage = 1.66 years) formed a validation sample in the UK. Partial measurement invariance was supported across reporters.

Results

There were medium-to-large correlations between MPIP and MPIC total scores and subscales, and both demonstrated excellent convergent validity (associations with mothers’ dispositional mindfulness and “traditional” parenting constructs) and concurrent validity (associations with children’s internalising, externalising and prosocial behaviours and mothers’ psychological distress). Furthermore, incremental validity—predictions from MPIP/MPIC to children’s behaviours over and above maternal dispositional mindfulness and traditional parenting—was apparent.

Conclusions

The parallel MPIP and MPIC show promise for assessing mindful parenting from both parent and child perspectives.

Preregistration

This study was not preregistered.
Equivalence between substitutability and M$$^\natural $$-concavity for set functions under discrete transfers
Authors: Yokote Koji
Published: January 2023

Fujishige and Yang (2003) prove the equivalence between two fundamental conditions of a valuation function in a market model with indivisibilities, i.e., the gross substitutes (GS) condition and M$$^\natural $$

♮

-concavity. We introduce a weaker variant of the GS condition that concerns discrete price changes rather than continuous price changes. We show that this weaker variant is equivalent to M$$^\natural $$

♮

-concavity if the valuation function takes integer values and has an M$$^\natural $$

♮

-convex effective domain containing the empty set. Our result indicates that assuming the weaker GS condition is sufficient for M$$^\natural $$

♮

-concavity in existing auction models.
After Dinner Rest a While, After Supper Walk a Mile? A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis on the Acute Postprandial Glycemic Response to Exercise Before and After Meal Ingestion in Healthy Subjects and Patients with Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Engeroff Tobias , Groneberg David A. , Wilke Jan
Published: January 2023

Background

The most effective way to cope with high blood sugar spikes is to engage in physical activity in temporal proximity to food intake. However, so far, it is unclear as to whether there is an optimal time for physical activity around food intake.

Objectives

We aimed to identify the impact of pre- and post-meal exercise on postprandial glucose excursions in humans with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis, PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022324070. We screened MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane/CINAHL/EMBASE, and Web of Knowledge until 1 May, 2022. We used the risk of bias rating with the crossover extension of the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool II. Standardized mean differences (SMDs, Hedges’ g) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated as pooled effect estimates of a random-effects meta-analysis. Eligibility criteria included three-armed randomized controlled trials comparing the acute effects of pre- and post-meal exercise to a no-exercise control in humans.

Results

Eight randomized controlled trials (crossover trials, high risk of bias) with 30 interventions in 116 participants (47 diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, 69 without type 2 diabetes) were eligible. Exercise after meal ingestion (real food or meal replacement drinks) led to a reduction in postprandial glucose excursions compared with exercise before eating (15 effect sizes; SMD = 0.47 [95% CI 0.23, 0.70]) and an inactive control condition (15 effect sizes; SMD = 0.55 [95% CI 0.34, 0.75]. Pre-meal exercise did not lead to significantly lower postprandial glucose compared to an inactive control (15 effect sizes; SMD =  − 0.13 [95% CI − 0.42, 0.17]). The time between meal and exercise (estimate =  − 0.0151; standard error = 0.00473; Z =  − 3.19; p = 0.001; 95% CI − 0.024, − 0.006) had a moderating influence on postprandial glucose excursions.

Conclusions

Exercise, i.e., walking, has a greater acute beneficial impact on postprandial hyperglycemia when undertaken as soon as possible after a meal rather than after a longer interval or before eating.

Clinical Trial Registration

The review was pre-registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42022324070). The date of submission was 07.04.2022, with the registration on 08.05.2022.
Crucial role of iron plaque on thallium uptake by rice plant
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyin , Yuan Wenhuan , Liu Juan , Li Haoran , Cai Han , Hu Haiyao , Ren Dongyi , Zhang Yuhua , Shen Yuxiang , Wang Jin
Published: January 2023

Iron plaque is a Fe-containing oxide film produced by the oxidation of Fe(II) in the rice root system under the combined action of oxygen infiltration and other microorganisms. Owing to its special surface structure and physio-chemical properties, the iron plaque has a strong absorption capacity for a variety of heavy metal ions. This study aimed to first investigate the effects of Fe species on the geochemical fractionation of Tl in typical paddy soil systems affected by industrial activities, followed by pot culture experiments to probe the effects of Fe species on the uptake and translocation of Tl in rice plants. The results of field work preliminarily showed that iron at different valences affected the conversion of the Tl geochemical fraction in the soil. Oxidizable Tl exerted significant positive correlation relationships with Fe2+ and negative correlation relationships with Fe3+, while reducible Tl only displayed a positive correlation with Fe3+. Further analysis by pot culture experiments revealed that the contents of Fe were significantly positively correlated with Tl contents in Fe plaque (R2 = 0.529). In contrast, the water-soluble Tl contents in the soil were significantly negatively correlated with the contents of Fe (R2 = – 0. 90, p < 0.05). It suggests that the iron plaque promoted the absorption and fixation of Tl on the root surface of rice plants, causing Tl to accumulate in the iron plaque. Besides, the Tl content in the Fe plaque on the root surface of rice plants was greater than that in the above-ground tissues, which indicates that most Fe plaque exerts a certain degree of inhibition on Tl migration into the above-ground tissues of rice plants. All these findings indicate that Fe film is also an important carrier of Tl transfer in the soil–rice plant system, which provides new scientific support for the remediation of typical Tl-contaminated rice fields.
Environmental and cultural sustainability of the architectural elements of two historical mosques in historic Jeddah
Authors: Waheeb Sahl Abdullah
Published: January 2023

The research reviews the environmental and cultural sustainability of the architectural elements of two mosques in the historical area of Jeddah, Al-Shafi’i Mosque and Al-Mimar Mosque. Through the research methodology, the environmental and cultural sustainability of the two mosques in the historical Jeddah area were compared, as how they were treated and reused in different ways and the architectural elements were analyzed. The results of the research indicate that sustainability. The environment is rebuilding some walls, reducing waste by using existing walls, not using new materials as much as possible, and reducing the entry of solar radiation into the building through wooden windows (Roshan). As for cultural sustainability, it is through contributing to a pioneering project that achieves the rehabilitation of the mosque to increase the number of worshipers and its use by visitors and residents of the city of Jeddah to be a distinguished center for reviving the meetings of the people of old Jeddah and enriching the social environment. As for economic sustainability, it is through the financial return of commercial activities around the mosque, the creation of job opportunities for Saudi youth, and the work of a distinguished pioneering project to encourage government agencies and real estate owners in the historical area of Jeddah, to carry out similar projects that support the development and economic sustainability, and achieve the vision of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2030, as the most important recommendation for research.
Evaluation of artificial intelligence techniques in disease diagnosis and prediction
Authors: Ghaffar Nia Nafiseh , Kaplanoglu Erkan , Nasab Ahad
Published: January 2023

A broad range of medical diagnoses is based on analyzing disease images obtained through high-tech digital devices. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the assessment of medical images has led to accurate evaluations being performed automatically, which in turn has reduced the workload of physicians, decreased errors and times in diagnosis, and improved performance in the prediction and detection of various diseases. AI techniques based on medical image processing are an essential area of research that uses advanced computer algorithms for prediction, diagnosis, and treatment planning, leading to a remarkable impact on decision-making procedures. Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) as advanced AI techniques are two main subfields applied in the healthcare system to diagnose diseases, discover medication, and identify patient risk factors. The advancement of electronic medical records and big data technologies in recent years has accompanied the success of ML and DL algorithms. ML includes neural networks and fuzzy logic algorithms with various applications in automating forecasting and diagnosis processes. DL algorithm is an ML technique that does not rely on expert feature extraction, unlike classical neural network algorithms. DL algorithms with high-performance calculations give promising results in medical image analysis, such as fusion, segmentation, recording, and classification. Support Vector Machine (SVM) as an ML method and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) as a DL method is usually the most widely used techniques for analyzing and diagnosing diseases. This review study aims to cover recent AI techniques in diagnosing and predicting numerous diseases such as cancers, heart, lung, skin, genetic, and neural disorders, which perform more precisely compared to specialists without human error. Also, AI's existing challenges and limitations in the medical area are discussed and highlighted.
Field Theory of Non-Equilibrium Systems
Authors: Kamenev Alex
Published: January 2023

The physics of non-equilibrium many-body systems is a rapidly expanding area of theoretical physics. Traditionally employed in laser physics and superconducting kinetics, these techniques have more recently found applications in the dynamics of cold atomic gases, mesoscopic and nano-mechanical systems, and quantum computation. This book provides a detailed presentation of modern non-equilibrium field-theoretical methods, applied to examples ranging from biophysics to the kinetics of superfluids and superconductors. A highly pedagogical and self-contained approach is adopted within the text, making it ideal as a reference for graduate students and researchers in condensed matter physics. In this Second Edition, the text has been substantially updated to include recent developments in the field such as driven-dissipative quantum systems, kinetics of fermions with Berry curvature, and Floquet kinetics of periodically driven systems, among many other important new topics. Problems have been added throughout, structured as compact guided research projects that encourage independent exploration.
Do Pluripotent Stem Cells Offer a New Path to Reproduction?
Authors: Chapman Audrey R.
Published: January 2023

The ability of pluripotent stem to develop into any of the cell types in the human body has meant that it was only a matter of time before scientists would try to transform them into human gametes. Up to now though it has not been possible to do so. Nevertheless a 2016 book written by Henry Greely speculated that in twenty to forty years most people in developed countries will cease reproduction through sex, using sex exclusively for pleasure, and instead will rely on reproduction through pluripotent stem cell-derived gametes. This paper will offer a different perspective. After describing the process through which human pluripotent stem cells might eventually be coaxed into gametes, it will show why the use of pluripotent stem cell-derived gametes for reproductive purposes would present significant safety, ethical, and regulatory challenges.
EACH Person’s Right: The Importance of Federal Abortion Care Funding to Health Care Reform
Authors: LaRose Cassandra , Sinha Michael S.
Published: January 2023

The United States has a long and controversial history with abortion that did not end with Roe v. Wade. Almost immediately thereafter, anti-choice politicians commenced a decades-long effort to restrict access to abortion, recently culminating in the Dobbs decision that overturned Roe. One successful attempt to restrict access immediately following Roe was the Hyde Amendment. With more Americans covered by federally funded health insurance than ever, the Hyde Amendment creates an insurmountable barrier to abortion care for those who lack other sources of financing.

Despite the impacts of the Hyde Amendment, support for discontinuing the amendment has been weak. For the first time in over forty years, the United States is in a position to change its abortion funding policy. Beyond ending Hyde, the EACH Act has been introduced in Congress to ensure permanent funding for abortion through all federally funded insurance programs. To secure funding for abortion and reduce barriers to access, advocates must press the federal government to pass legislation such as the EACH Act.
Crisis Pregnancy Centers: An Inherently Unjust Limitation to Reproductive Rights
Authors: Feinberg Rebecca , Pacia Danielle
Published: January 2023

Abortion, though afforded certain legal protections, can be challenging to access in many areas of the United States, a problem exacerbated by the presence of Crisis Pregnancy Centers (CPCs). CPCs present themselves as clinics that provide a full spectrum of free pregnancy consultation services, but in fact are pro-life, anti-abortion organizations.1 From the outside, CPCs appear to be neutral health and welfare establishments, leading women *to believe they will receive unbiased guidance based on their best interests. In reality, CPCs recruit unsuspecting women into their facilities to deter them from accessing abortions, promoting only two options: parenthood or adoption.2 Women are lured into CPCs with the promise of free services which range from medical care to clothing and other items. At its most basic level, these deceptive practices violate the autonomy of women seeking reproductive care, perpetuating unjust limitation of access to quality medical care.
Remote Reproductive Rights
Authors: Rebouché Rachel
Published: January 2023

In July 2020, a federal district court lifted the U.S. Food & Drug Administration’s (“FDA”) restriction requiring patients to pick up the first drug of a medication abortion—mifepristone—at a healthcare facility. Soon after, an ongoing experiment with remote care for abortion expanded, as telemedicine did in other areas, and virtual clinics began offering no-touch abortions. Growth of virtual care stalled in January 2021 when the Supreme Court stayed a district court’s order pending the appeals process. But in April 2022, persuaded by the evidence of remote abortion’s safety and efficacy, the FDA suspended enforcement of the in-person rule for the course of the pandemic. On December 16, 2021, the FDA lifted the requirement that patients pick up mifepristone at a healthcare facility, clearing the way for supervised mail delivery and pharmacy dispensation.

The expansion of virtual clinics, however, is not without significant limitations. First, questions remain about how to implement the new FDA regulation, specifically regarding certified pharmacies, and several FDA restrictions on mifepristone remain in place. Second, about half the country prohibits telehealth for abortion by either banning all abortion or by requiring the physical presence of a healthcare professional. Third, participation in telemedicine depends on various forms of privilege. Patients must have a stable internet connection or smartphone as well as an uncomplicated pregnancy, which, in part because of U.S. health disparities, is more likely for wealthier and white people. Even with the expansion of remote care, the need for clinical spaces will not disappear; in fact, it will come under increasing pressure.

This Article maps the emergence of virtual abortion care and analyzes the potential trajectory of medication abortion access, given that the Supreme Court has overturned constitutional protections for abortion. It considers the limits of telehealth for abortion—who telehealth can reach and who it cannot. Those living in states that permit abortion will have new options for ending early pregnancies. Those residing in states hostile to abortion will have to seek cross-border care, carry pregnancies to term, or find other avenues to end pregnancies. But the portability of abortion pills, when mailed by prescribers or dispensed by certified pharmacies, will test how closely states officials (or anyone else) can police or impede access to medication abortion.
Philosophy and ethics of de-extinction
Authors: Odenbaugh Jay
Published: January 2023

In this essay, we explore the philosophical and ethical issues concerning de-extinction. First, we will characterize what de-extinction is. This requires clarification of the process of extinction. Second, we consider whether de-extinction is even possible. There are a variety of arguments involving the nature of species that purport to show that once they have disappeared they cannot be resurrected. Third, we examine whether de-extinction is morally permissible. There are arguments that suggest we are obligated to do it based on restorative justice and biodiversity conservation. There are other arguments that conclude we are not permitted to do so based on considerations of animal welfare, hubris and the allocation of conservation resources.
Drop impact onto a substrate wetted by another liquid: corona detachment from the wall film
Authors: Stumpf Bastian , Roisman Ilia V. , Yarin Alexander L. , Tropea Cameron
Published: January 2023

Drop impact onto a thin liquid film of another liquid is observed and characterized using a high-speed video system. A new mode of splash – a complete, simultaneous corona detachment – has been observed, which is the result of the lamella breakup near the wall film. The abrupt outward and upward displacement of the lamella leads to an extreme stretching of the corona wall, resulting in its rapid thinning and a rupture. This rupture triggers propagating Taylor–Culick rims, which rapidly spread, meet and, thus, undercut simultaneously the entire corona, resulting in its detachment. Special experiments with the spreading corona impingement onto a fixed needle, supplement the physical evidence of the above-mentioned mechanism. A self-consistent theory of the observed phenomena is proposed and compared with experiments, exhibiting good agreement.
The CJEU Database Platform: Decisions and Decision-Makers
Authors: Brekke Stein Arne , Fjelstul Joshua C. , Hermansen Silje Synnøve Lyder , Naurin Daniel
Published: January 2023

This article presents the CJEU Database Platform, which provides scholars with an extensive collection of easily accessible, research-ready data on the the universe of cases, decisions, and judges at the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). The CJEU Database Platform provides a foundation for the broader CJEU Database currently being developed by The IUROPA Project, a multidisciplinary group of scholars researching judicial politics in the European Union (EU). In this article, we illustrate how the CJEU Database Platform opens the door to new areas of theoretical and empirical research on judicial politics in the EU.
The impact of spatially varying ice sheet basal conditions on sliding at glacial time scales
Authors: Gowan Evan J. , Hinck Sebastian , Niu Lu , Clason Caroline , Lohmann Gerrit
Published: January 2023

Spatially variable basal conditions are thought to govern how ice sheets behave at glacial time scales (>1000 years) and responsible for changes in dynamics between the core and peripheral regions of the Laurentide and Fennoscandian ice sheets. Basal motion is accomplished via the deformation of unconsolidated sediments, or via sliding of the ice over an undeformable bed. We present an ice sheet sliding module for the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM) that takes into account changes in sediment cover and incorporates surface meltwater. This model routes meltwater, produced at the surface and base of the ice sheet, toward the margin of the ice sheet. Basal sliding is accomplished through the deformation of water saturated sediments, or sliding at the ice-bed interface. In areas with continuous, water saturated sediments, sliding is almost always accomplished through sediment deformation. In areas with incomplete cover, sliding has a stronger dependence on the supply of water. We find that the addition of surface meltwater to the base is a more important factor for ice sheet evolution than the style of sliding. In a glacial cycle simulation, our model causes a more rapid buildup of the Laurentide Ice Sheet.
Perceived Organizational Support and Performance: Moderated Mediation Model of Psychological Capital and Organizational Justice – Evidence from India
Authors: Patnaik Subhendu , Mishra Uma Sankar , Mishra Bibhuti Bhusan
Published: January 2023

Employee performance attainment is a pervasive issue in the workplace and is increasingly becoming an important problem for effective human resource management. A review of the extant literature on perceived organizational support (POS) and performance suggests that there is a dearth of research aimed at examining the underlying mechanisms and the boundary conditions of the relationship between POS and performance. One of the objectives of this study is to examine the mediating role of psychological capital on the relationship between POS and performance. Furthermore, this study investigates the moderating role of organizational justice perception in said indirect relationship. Study 1 included a sample of 465 employees from both large private life insurance and telecom organizations. Study 2 was conducted on a sample of 216 employees from a large steel manufacturing firm. Findings suggest that psychological capital mediated the relationship between POS and performance. The indirect relationship of POS and performance via psychological capital was moderated by organizational justice. However, there is a counter-intuitive finding in this research. It was observed that at a high level of organizational justice, it had a smaller effect on performance in contrast to low level of organizational justice. Finally, theoretical contributions and managerial implications are discussed.
SOIL EROSION CAUSED THE INCREASING HOLOCENE RADIOCARBON RESERVOIR EFFECT OF LAKE KANAS IN THE ALTAI MOUNTAINS
Authors: Cao Huihui , Huang Xiaozhong , Xiang Lixiong
Published: January 2023

Radiocarbon (14C) dating of the total organic carbon (TOC) content of lacustrine sediments is always affected by a 14C reservoir effect and the 14C dates are often systematically older than the true ages. However, there are few studies of the temporal changes of the 14C reservoir effect, with reference to the specific influencing factors. We collected TOC samples from the Holocene sediments of Lake Kanas, in the southern Altai Mountains, for AMS 14C dating and compared the results with AMS 14C ages based on terrestrial plant macrofossils from the same depths. The results show that the reservoir ages progressively increased from ∼0 to ∼2800 yr between ∼9700 cal BP and ∼530 cal BP. As the lake catchment was glaciated prior to the Holocene, and Holocene soils and peats are the main sources of the TOC in the lake sediments, we argue that soil erosion is the major factor contributing to the progressive increase in the reservoir age. Based on previously reported evidence for increasing moisture in central Asia and glacier advances in the mid-to-late Holocene, we suggest that the intensified soil erosion on the hillslopes was caused by increased precipitation during the mid-to-late Holocene and by anthropogenic forest clearance after 1500 cal BP.
The acoustic characteristics of implosive and plosive bilabials in Shimaore
Authors: Mori Miki
Published: January 2023

Implosive consonants have drawn the attention of researchers over time, partially due to their relative rarity in the world’s languages, and partially due to their unique ingressive air flow. This sound category has varying complex features from an articulatory and acoustic perspective. This study explores the sound category by analyzing the acoustic features of a language whose implosives have yet to be acoustically considered: Shimaore, a Bantu-Sabaki language spoken in Mayotte. Specifically, it compares the bilabial plosive /b/ and the bilabial implosive /ɓ/ in terms of Voice Onset Time (VOT), fundamental frequency, amplitude, and voice quality via H1*–H2*, harmonics-to-noise ratios (HNR), and cepstral peak prominence (CPP). Analyses show that VOT is shorter for implosives than for plosives. At oral closure and vowel onset, amplitude and f0 are higher than plosives. H1*–H2* values read alongside HNR and CPP values suggest that implosives in Shimaore have glottal constriction. Some individual differences are explored for question of variation in implosives. Implications regarding sociophonetic studies in Mayotte as well as general implications for implosives are discussed.
Northward range expansion ofLeptogorgia dakarensisandEunicella racemosa(Cnidaria: Gorgoniidae: Anthozoa) in the Eastern Atlantic
Authors: Abou Oualid Jaouad , Ait Alla Aicha , Moukrim Abdellatif , López-González Pablo J.
Published: January 2023

Identifying species and updating marine biodiversity is fundamental to understanding the evolution of ecosystems and adopting appropriate management strategies. These ecosystems are threatened by climate change causing species mobility, mortality, etc. An important zoological group in the marine ecosystem, octocoral gorgonians have a wide geographic and bathymetric distribution. However, the knowledge of their presence on the Atlantic West African coasts remains limited. Herein, we note the accurate geographic distribution of two species,Leptogorgia dakarensis(Stiasny, 1936) andEunicella racemosa(Milne Edwards & Haime, 1857), reporting their northern distributional limits. The gaps in the previous knowledge hypothesis of the oceanic warming effects explaining the northward mobility of these species are discussed here.
Terrorism-Related Attacks in East Asia from 1970 through 2020
Authors: Shin Heejun , Hertelendy Attila J. , Hart Alexander , Tin Derrick , Issa Fadi , Hata Ryan , Ciottone Gregory R.
Published: January 2023

Aim:

This study aims to analyze and describe terrorism-related attacks in East Asia from 1970 through 2020.

Background:

East Asia consists of South Korea, North Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong, China, Japan, Taiwan, and Macao. According to the Global Terrorism Index (GTI) 2022, the impact of terrorism in East Asia is very low. However, the assassination of former Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe on July 8, 2022 demonstrates that East Asia is not safe from terrorist attacks. This descriptive analysis of terrorist attacks in East Asia will help first responders, Emergency Medical Services (EMS), hospital-based medical providers, and policymakers establish a more refined hazard vulnerability assessment (HVA) framework and develop a Counter-Terrorism Medicine (CTM) mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery plan.

Methods:

This is a descriptive observational study drawing data from the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) from January 1, 1970 through December 31, 2020. Epidemiology outcomes included primary weapon type, primary target type, the country where the incident occurred, and the number of total deaths and injured collected. Data from 2021 were not yet available at the time of this study. Results were exported into an Excel spreadsheet (Microsoft Corp.; Redmond, Washington USA) for analysis.

Results:

There were 779 terrorism-related events in East Asia from 1970 through 2020. In total, the attacks resulted in 1,123 deaths and 9,061 persons injured. The greatest number of attacks (371; 47.63%) occurred in Japan and the second most occurred in China (268; 34.4%). Explosives were the most used primary weapon type (308; 39.54%) in the region, followed by incendiary devices (260; 33.38%). Terrorist attacks drastically diminished from their peak of 92 in 1990, but there were additional peaks of 88 in 1996, 18 in 2000, 20 in 2008, and 36 attacks in 2014.

Conclusions:

A total of 779 terrorist attacks occurred from 1970 through 2020 in East Asia, resulting in 1,123 deaths and 9,061 injuries. Of those, 82.03% attacks occurred in Japan and China. Terrorist attacks drastically diminished since their peak in 1996, but there is an overall uptrend in attacks since 1999.
THE “SOCIAL VALUE” DEBATE: AN EARLY CHAPTER IN THE HISTORY OF AMERICAN MARGINALISM
Authors: Fiorito Luca
Published: January 2023

This paper provides a reconstruction of the debate on “social value” among early marginalists in the US. This will be done in three steps. The first step analyzes John B. Clark’s approach to social value as presented in his Distribution of Wealth; the second step deals with other influential contemporaries who adopted a similar social value perspective, with a main focus on Edwin R. A. Seligman; the third step discusses those critics who, with due differences in emphasis and style, animated the debate over social value, reviewing (among others) the contributions of Herbert J. Davenport, Joseph Schumpeter, Benjamin Anderson, John Maurice Clark, and George P. Watkins. The final section presents some conclusions.
Wenn das Studieren außer Kontrolle gerät
Authors: Schaefer Julia , Strob Jacqueline
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung: Theoretischer Hintergrund: Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, eine deutschsprachige Adaptation der Bergen Study Addiction Scale (BStAS), einer Skala zur Erfassung von exzessivem Studierverhalten, zu entwickeln und zu validieren. Methode: Die Daten von 615 Studierenden wurden analysiert. Die Dimensionalität der BStAS wurde mittels konfirmatorischer Faktorenanalyse überprüft. Außerdem wurden Korrelations- und hierarchische Regressionsanalysen durchgeführt, um Zusammenhänge von exzessivem Studierverhalten mit Persönlichkeit und Gesundheit zu untersuchen. Ergebnisse: Der Vergleich mit Dynamic Fit Index Cutoffs deutete auf eine moderate Missspezifikation des einfaktoriellen Modells hin. Wie erwartet war exzessives Studierverhalten positiv mit wöchentlichen Lernstunden, Neurotizismus, wahrgenommenem Stress, psychosomatischen Beschwerden und Schlafproblemen assoziiert und hing negativ mit Lebenszufriedenheit zusammen. Schlussfolgerung: Es ist fraglich, ob alle Items der BStAS Aspekte einer Verhaltenssucht erfassen. Die Ergebnisse legen dennoch nahe, dass die BStAS ein Studierverhalten misst, das in Bezug auf physische und psychische Gesundheit von Relevanz ist.
Rice‐Animal Co‐Culture Systems Benefit Global Sustainable Intensification
Authors: Cui Jinglan , Liu Hongbin , Wang Hongyuan , Wu Shuxia , Bashir Muhammad Amjad , Reis Stefan , Sun Qiaoyu , Xu Jianming , Gu Baojing
Published: January 2023

Producing more food with less pollution and greenhouse gas emissions is a grand challenge for the 21st century. Strategies to successfully promote win‐win outcomes for both food security and environmental health are not easy to identify. Here we comprehensively assess an ecological rice‐animal co‐culture system (RAC) (e.g., rice‐fish, rice‐duck, and rice‐crayfish) through a global meta‐analysis and identify the potential benefits of global promotion. Compared to traditional monoculture of rice or animal production, the RAC can not only reduce the demand for agricultural land areas, but also increase rice yields (+4%) as well as nitrogen use efficiency of rice (+6%). At the same time, RAC reduces nitrogen losses (−16% runoff and −13% leaching) and methane emissions (−11%), except for rice‐fish coculture systems, which are likely to increase methane emissions (+29%). Furthermore, RAC increases the net income of farmers through reducing cost of fertilizer and pesticide input and achieving higher outputs with more marketable products. According to the development stage of different countries, promotion of RAC will thus realize multiple benefits and aid sustainable intensification.
Future Changes in Climate and Hydroclimate Extremes in East Africa
Authors: Gebrechorkos S. H. , Taye M. T. , Birhanu B. , Solomon D. , Demissie T.
Published: January 2023

Climate change is affecting the agriculture, water, and energy sectors in East Africa and the impact is projected to increase in the future. To allow adaptation and mitigation of the impacts, we assessed the changes in climate and their impacts on hydrology and hydrological extremes in East Africa. We used outputs from seven CMIP‐6 Global Climate Models (GCMs) and 1981–2010 is used as a reference period. The output from GCMs are statistically downscaled using the Bias Correction‐Constructed Analogs with Quantile mapping reordering method to drive a high‐resolution hydrological model. The Variable Infiltration Capacity and vector‐based routing models are used to simulate runoff and streamflow across 68,300 river reaches in East Africa. The results show an increase in annual precipitation (up to 35%) in Ethiopia, Uganda, and Kenya and a decrease (up to 4.5%) in Southern Tanzania in the 2050s (2041–2070) and 2080s (2071–2100). During the long rainy season (March–May), precipitation is projected to be higher (up to 43%) than the reference period in Southern Ethiopia, Kenya, and Uganda but lower (up to −20%) in Tanzania. Large parts of Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, and Southern Ethiopia show an increase in precipitation (up to 38%) during the short rainy season (October–December). Temperature and evapotranspiration will continue to increase in the future. Further, annual and seasonal streamflow and hydrological extremes (droughts and floods) are projected to increase in large parts of the region throughout the 21st century calling for site‐specific adaptation.
Spatial Distribution of Bioavailable Inorganic Nitrogen From Thawing Permafrost
Authors: Hansen Hans Frederik Engvej , Elberling Bo
Published: January 2023

Arctic permafrost contains large amounts of nitrogen (N), which may be bioavailable upon permafrost thaw. Here, we have compiled inorganic N data from published studies on the active layer and permafrost layers combined with new data to quantify the spatial variability of bioavailable inorganic N in permafrost‐affected ecosystems across the Northern Hemisphere. Ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−) are typically extracted from samples using different agents and strength. The results of an extraction experiment are here used to recalculate published concentrations on NH4+ and NO3− to a “water extractable fraction.” The results show that upper permafrost across all sites and samples contains significantly more NH4+ compared to the root zone and was significantly and positively correlated with an increasing water/ice content despite a surprisingly high variation within and between sites. Based on the average reported permafrost thaw rates (0.4–0.8 cm y−1) for wet and dry landscape types, the average release of inorganic N (NH4+ and NO3−) from wet tundra ecosystems was calculated to be 2.0 [1.13–2.61] kg N ha−1 decade−1 and 1.3 [0.78–1.81] kg N ha−1 decade−1 for dry ecosystems. This brings permafrost‐derived inorganic N on the same order of magnitude as biological nitrogen fixation in relatively dry tundra ecosystems but only marginally compared to nitrogen fixation in wet ecosystems. These landscape‐specific variations highlight the need for improving the understanding of N mobilization linked to permafrost thawing, but also that N transfer from well‐drained slopes to lower parts of the landscape can be important for the potential plant growth (greening) downslope from surrounding landscape types with faster permafrost thawing.
Rare‐Earth Elements in Deep‐Sea Sediments in the South Pacific Gyre: Source Materials and Resource Potentials
Authors: Tanaka Erika , Mimura Kazuhide , Nakamura Kentaro , Ohta Junichiro , Yasukawa Kazutaka , Kato Yasuhiro
Published: January 2023

Deep‐sea sediments enriched in rare‐earth elements and yttrium (REY) plus scandium (Sc), termed “REY‐rich mud,” have attracted attention as a possible resource for these critical industrial elements. Examples have been reported from the western North Pacific, central Pacific, low‐latitude South Pacific, and eastern South Pacific. Although previous studies of pelagic clay have reported the existence of highly REY‐rich mud in the ultraoligotrophic South Pacific Gyre, neither the source materials nor the resource potentials for REY and Sc of the sediment have been quantified. We analyzed the major‐ and trace‐element contents of bulk sediments in Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Holes U1365A to U1370D, drilled in the South Pacific Gyre. The elemental relationships suggest that the enrichment in REY and Sc reflects the accumulation of biogenic Ca phosphate in an environment with low sedimentation rates as well as the tectonic transition of depositional environments from hydrothermally influenced sites near the mid‐ocean ridge to distal basins far from hydrothermal vents. The maximum total REY content of 4,662 ppm at Hole U1366C is the highest value yet reported from the South Pacific Ocean. Although the REY‐ and Sc‐enriched sediment layers of most cores from the South Pacific Gyre are located deeper beneath the seafloor than those elsewhere in the Pacific Ocean, Hole U1367B demonstrates large resource potentials (1.21 × 104 t/km2 of REY oxides and 102 t/km2 of Sc) in the uppermost 6.5‐m interval, making it the most promising site for REY and Sc yet found in the South Pacific Gyre.
Summer Hydrography and Circulation in Storfjorden, Svalbard, Following a Record Low Winter Sea‐Ice Extent in the Barents Sea
Authors: Vivier Frédéric , Lourenço Antonio , Michel Elisabeth , Skogseth Ragnheid , Rousset Clément , Lansard Bruno , Bouruet‐Aubertot Pascale , Boutin Jacqueline , Bombled Bruno , Cuypers Yannis , Crispi Olivier , Dausse Dennis , Le Goff Hervé , Madec Gurvan , Vancoppenolle Martin , Van der Linden Fanny , Waelbroeck Claire
Published: January 2023

Storfjorden, Svalbard, hosts a polynya in winter and is an important source region of Brine‐enriched Shelf Water (BSW) that, if dense enough, feeds the Arctic Ocean deep water reservoir. Changes in the BSW production may thus have far‐reaching impacts. We analyze the water mass distribution and circulation in Storfjorden and the trough south of it, Storfjordrenna, using hydrographic sections occupied in July 2016, following a winter characterized by the lowest ice coverage recorded in the Barents Sea. These observations reveal an unusual hydrographic state, characterized at the surface by the near absence of Melt Water and Storfjorden Surface Water, replaced by a saltier water mass. At depth, BSW (maximum salinity of 34.95) was found from the bottom up to 90 m, above the 120‐m deep sill at the mouth to Storfjordrenna. However, no gravity driven overflow was observed downstream of the sill: the dome of BSW remained locked over the depression in a cyclonic circulation pattern consistent with a stratified Taylor column. Observations further reveal a previously unreported intrusion of Atlantic Water (AW) far into the fjord, promoting isopycnal mixing with entrapped Arctic Water. This intrusion was possibly favored by positive wind stress curl anomalies over Svalbardbanken and Storfjordrenna. The bottom plume exiting Storfjordrenna was weak, carrying Polar Front Water rather than BSW, too light to sink underneath the AW layer at Fram Strait. Whether Storfjorden switched durably to a new hydrographic state, following the observed Atlantification of the Barents Sea after 2005, remains to be established.