bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postnatal Sox6 Regulates Synaptic Function of Cortical Parvalbumin-Expressing Neurons
Authors: Munguba Hermany , Chattopadhyaya Bidisha , Nilsson Stephan , Carriço Josianne N. , Memic Fatima , Oberst Polina , Batista-Brito Renata , Muñoz-Manchado Ana Belen , Wegner Michael , Fishell Gordon , Di Cristo Graziella , Hjerling-Leffler Jens
Published: September 2021

Cortical parvalbumin-expressing (Pvalb+) neurons provide robust inhibition to neighboring pyramidal neurons, crucial for the proper functioning of cortical networks. This class of inhibitory neurons undergoes extensive synaptic formation and maturation during the first weeks after birth and continue to dynamically maintain their synaptic output throughout adulthood. While several transcription factors, such as Nkx2-1, Lhx6, and Sox6, are known to be necessary for the differentiation of progenitors into Pvalb+neurons, which transcriptional programs underlie the postnatal maturation and maintenance of Pvalb+neurons' innervation and synaptic function remains largely unknown. Because Sox6 is continuously expressed in Pvalb+neurons until adulthood, we used conditional knock-out strategies to investigate its putative role in the postnatal maturation and synaptic function of cortical Pvalb+neurons in mice of both sexes. We found that early postnatal loss of Sox6 in Pvalb+neurons leads to failure of synaptic bouton growth, whereas later removal in mature Pvalb+neurons in the adult causes shrinkage of already established synaptic boutons. Paired recordings between Pvalb+neurons and pyramidal neurons revealed reduced release probability and increased failure rate of Pvalb+neurons' synaptic output. Furthermore, Pvalb+neurons lacking Sox6 display reduced expression of full-length tropomyosin-receptor kinase B (TrkB), a key modulator of GABAergic transmission. Once re-expressed in neurons lacking Sox6, TrkB was sufficient to rescue the morphologic synaptic phenotype. Finally, we showed that Sox6 mRNA levels were increased by motor training. Our data thus suggest a constitutive role for Sox6 in the maintenance of synaptic output from Pvalb+neurons into adulthood.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCortical parvalbumin-expressing (Pvalb+) inhibitory neurons provide robust inhibition to neighboring pyramidal neurons, crucial for the proper functioning of cortical networks. These inhibitory neurons undergo extensive synaptic formation and maturation during the first weeks after birth and continue to dynamically maintain their synaptic output throughout adulthood. However, it remains largely unknown which transcriptional programs underlie the postnatal maturation and maintenance of Pvalb+neurons. Here, we show that the transcription factor Sox6 cell-autonomously regulates the synaptic maintenance and output of Pvalb+neurons until adulthood, leaving unaffected other maturational features of this neuronal population.
The Perceptual Attraction of Pre-Dominant Chords
Authors: Brown Jenine , Tan Daphne , Baker David John
Published: September 2021

Among the three primary tonal functions described in modern theory textbooks, the pre-dominant has the highest number of representative chords. We posit that one unifying feature of the pre-dominant function is its attraction to V, and the experiment reported here investigates factors that may contribute to this perception. Participants were junior/senior music majors, freshman music majors, and people from the general population recruited on Prolific.co. In each trial, four Shepard-tone sounds in the key of C were presented: 1) the tonic note, 2) one of 31 different chords, 3) the dominant triad, and 4) the tonic note. Participants rated the strength of attraction between the second and third chords. Across all individuals, diatonic and chromatic pre-dominant chords were rated significantly higher than non-pre-dominant chords and bridge chords. Further, music theory training moderated this relationship, with individuals with more theory training rating pre-dominant chords as being more attracted to the dominant. A final data analysis modeled the role of empirical features of the chords preceding the V chord, finding that chords with roots moving to V down by fifth, chords with less acoustical roughness, and chords with more semitones adjacent to V were all significant predictors of attraction ratings.
The Metaphor of Sweetness in Medieval and Modern Music Listening
Authors: Stoessel Jason , Spreadborough Kristal , Antón-Méndez Inés
Published: September 2021

Historical listening has long been a topic of interest for musicologists. Yet, little attention has been given to the systematic study of historical listening practices before the common practice era (c. 1700–present). In the first study of its kind, this research compared a model of medieval perceptions of “sweetness” based on writings of medieval music theorists with modern day listeners’ aesthetic responses. Responses were collected through two experiments. In an implicit associations experiment, participants were primed with a more or less consonant musical excerpt, then presented with a sweet or bitter target word, or a non-word, on which to make lexical decisions. In the explicit associations experiment, participants were asked to rate on a three-point Likert scale perceived sweetness of short musical excerpts that varied in consonance and sound quality (male, female, organ). The results from these experiments were compared to predictions from a medieval perception model to investigate whether early and modern listeners have similar aesthetic responses. Results from the implicit association test were not consistent with the predictions of the model, however, results from the explicit associations experiment were. These findings indicate the metaphor of sweetness may be useful for comparing the aesthetic responses of medieval and modern listeners.
Dynamic and static comparison of beech wood dovetail, tongue and groove, halving, and dowel joints
Authors: Mollahassani Amir , Hemmasi AmirHooman , Khademi Eslam Habibollah , Lashgari Amir , Bazyar Behzad
Published: September 2021

Dynamic and static elastic properties beech wood joints were assessed. Conventional joints, namely dovetail, tongue and groove, dowel, and halving joints were prepared with beech wood (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) using polyvinyl acetate and cyanoacrylate adhesives. The results of the dynamic and static modulus of elasticity of the joints in this research indicated the highest reduction trends in halving, dowel, tongue and groove, and dovetail joints, respectively. The modulus of dovetail joint elasticity, its homogeneous joint texture, and lack of an extended adhesive line, corresponded to that of the jointed samples. The average static modulus of elasticity was approximately 10.5% lower than that of the dynamic modulus of elasticity. The results of the Student’s t-test indicated a significant difference between the mean of dynamic and the mean of static modulus of elasticity, significance at 5% level and the Pearson correlation test indicated that the dynamic and static modulus of elasticity of the samples were significant at the 5% level and indicated a positive correlation. Based on the observed correlation in the dynamic and static tests’ results, using these methods, dynamic assessment of NDTs may be regarded as an appropriate alternative in standardizing destructive static testing for wood assessment and categorization.
Enhanced sugars production with high conversion efficiency from alkali-pretreated sugarcane bagasse by enzymatic mixtures
Authors: Liu Yunyun , Cao Yunqi , Yu Qiang , Xu Jingliang , Yuan Zhenhong
Published: September 2021

Complementary enzymes can considerably enhance the hydrolysis effectiveness of cellulase. The influence of hemicellulase supplementation on high solids saccharification of alkali-pretreated sugarcane bagasse was assessed. Hemicellulase addition of 1200 IU/g substrate with cellulase loading of 10 FPU/g substrate achieved high sugars yield with glucose and xylose conversion efficiency of 95.4% and 87.4%, respectively. To further improve the substrate conversion efficiency based on high sugars production, fed-batch hydrolysis was employed with high solids loading of 20% (w/v) to 25% (w/v). After 96 h hydrolysis with 25% solids loading at cellulase and hemicellulase loading of 20 FPU/g and 1200 IU/g substrate, respectively, the obtained highest total sugars was 242 g/L, with glucose and xylose conversion efficiencies of 98.6% and 94.9%, respectively. An increase in substrate digestibility upon supplementation of mixture enzymes with high sugars production can be realized in high solids fed-batch system with proper cellulase and hemicellulase synergism.
Socialinis žmogaus aktyvmas ikiklasinėje visuomenėje
Authors: Gendrolis Edmundas
Published: September 2021

Straipsnyje nagrinėjami žmogaus padėties ikiklasinėje visuomenėje, jo socialinio aktyvumo, individualybės reiškimosi prielaidų klausimai. Kritikuojami tyrinėtojų kraštutiniai požiūriai, kurie arba pripažįsta ikiklasinės visuomenės nariui neribotą laisvę, arba neigia mažiausią galimybę žmogaus individualybei toje visuomenėje reikštis. Autorius teigia, kad civilizuotos visuomenės žmogaus charakteristiką yra metodologiškai neteisinga taikyti gimininės bendruomenės žmogui. Pastarojo ypatumas yra tas, kad jo individualus ir visuomeninis gyvenimas vieningas, jis nežino prieštaravimo tarp viešo, visuomeninio ir privataus gyvenimo. Jeigu gimininės bendruomenės papročiai ir tradicijos būtų visiškai pajungę žmogų, nebūtų visuomenės pažangos, žmogus net nebūtų galėjęs prisitaikyti prie pasikeitusių socialinių ir ekonominių sąlygų. Individuali sąmonė niekada visiškai nesutampa su visuomenine, nors ir yra jos sąlygota. Pripažįstant, kad tikrasis istorijos subjektas yra visuomenė, negalima ignoruoti asmenybių vaidmens ikiklasinės visuomenės raidoje, santykinio žmogaus savarankiškumo, iniciatyvos, tradicijų kitimo.
Polio Rikioro kelias
Authors: Sverdiolas Arūnas
Published: September 2021

Straipsnyje glaustai pristatomos prancūzų filosofo P. Ricoeuro filosofijos ištakos ir svarbiausios nagrinėtos problemos. Šio filosofo išeities taškas buvo E. Husserlio fenomenologija, ypač transcendentalinio ego problematika ir sunkumai, su kuriais susidūrė E. Husserlio transcendentalinis idealizmas. P. Ricoeuro teigimu, valia, o ne suvokimas yra pirminis sąmonės fenomenas. Jis siekė grįžti prie subjektyvaus požiūrio į kūną, kad būtų restauruotas autentiškas mąstantis „aš“. Fenomenologija atskleidžia neutralias sąmonės struktūras arba abstrakčias galimybes, o nuo jų reikia eiti prie egzistuojančios sąmonės galimybių. P. Ricoeuras skyrė ženklą ir simbolį, reikalavo imtis simbolių kalbos filosofinės analizės. Filosofavimo išeities taškas turi būti ne pačios filosofijos sferoje, bet ikifilosofinėje kalboje, sudarančioje pagrindą filosofinei refleksijai. Filosofinė mintis įeina į hermeneutinį ratą, kurį sudaro interpretuojamas tekstas, suteikiantis prasmes, ir interpretacinė veikla, perimanti šias prasmes; filosofija tampa hermeneutika.
Dorovinės kultūros metodologiniai klausimai
Authors: Kalenda Česlovas
Published: September 2021

1981 m. lapkričio 17–18 dienomis Vilniuje įvyko antrasis tarprespublikinis simpoziumas etikos klausimais. Jį surengė Lietuvos MA Filosofijos, sociologijos ir teisės institutas ir TSRS Filosofų draugijos Lietuvos skyrius. Simpoziume buvo svarstomi socialistinės visuomenės ir asmenybės dorovinės kultūros metodologiniai klausimai, dvasinės kultūros ir dorovės sąveika, dorovinės kultūros esmė, turinys ir specifika, jos sąvokos apibrėžimas, struktūra ir pagrindiniai elementai, socialistinės visuomenės dorovinės kultūros funkcijos.
Adaptive algorithms for researching problems in a variable computer environment
Authors: Khimich Alexander , Chistyakova Tamara , Sydoruk Volodymyr , Yershov Pavel
Published: September 2021

The paper considers tools for studying computer models of problems in modeling physical and technical processes. Adaptive algorithms for studying structural and mathematical properties and solving problems in a variable computer environment are presented. The proposed innovative functionality is integrated into the intelligent computer mathematics system.
Adaptive operator extrapolation method
Authors: Semenov Volodymyr , Siryk Dmytro , Kharkov Oleh
Published: September 2021

This paper is devoted to the study of nоvel algorithm with Bregman projection for solving variational inequalities in Hilbert space. Proposed algorithm is an adaptive version of the operator extrapolation method, where the used rule for updating the step size does not require knowledge of Lipschitz constants and the calculation of operator values at additional points. An attractive feature of the algorithm is only one computation at the iterative step of the Bregman projection onto the feasible set.
Thermal and thermomechanical buckling of CNT-reinforced composite sandwich cylindrical shells including elasticity of tangential edge restraint
Authors: Tung Hoang Van , Hieu Pham Thanh
Published: September 2021

This paper presents an analytical approach to investigate the buckling of sandwich cylindrical shells subjected to uniform temperature rise and external lateral pressure. Two sandwich models corresponding to carbon nanotube reinforced composite (CNTRC) face sheets and core layer are considered. The properties of all constitutive materials are assumed to be temperature dependent and effective properties of CNTRC are determined according to an extended rule of mixture. Governing equations are established using first order shear deformation theory and solved employing two-term form of deflection along with Galerkin method for simply supported edge shells. In order to account for practical situations of in-plane boundary condition, the elasticity of tangential constraint of boundary edges is included. Owing to temperature dependence of material properties, critical thermal loads are determined adopting an iteration process. Numerous parametric studies are carried out and interesting remarks are given. The study reveals that sandwich shell model with CNTRC core layer and homogeneous skins has considerably strong capacity of buckling resistance. Numerical results also indicate that tangential edge constraint has significant effects on critical loads, especially at elevated temperature. In addition, in the case of thermal load, an intermediate volume percentage of carbon nanotubes can confer the highest critical temperatures of sandwich shells.
Descobrir, desapossar
Authors: Marcelino Douglas Attila
Published: September 2021

Neste ensaio, os pressupostos éticos relativos às configurações dos domínios de natureza disciplinar são tomados como interrogação central aos estudos de teoria da história e da historiografia. Os riscos do estabelecimento de fronteiras e, portanto, de um modo determinado de se relacionar com o outro são colocados em perspectiva crítica, problematizando-se uma ética da passagem, da travessia e da circulação e, por outro lado, a sua recusa por meio da secundarização do corpo, do cuidado e da vulnerabilidade. Inicialmente, essas reflexões são realizadas a partir de um diálogo com autores diversos para, em seguida, analisarem-se com mais profundidade questionamentos similares realizados por Michel de Certeau. O objetivo é indicar a riqueza de suas formulações e suas consequências em favor de uma ética para os estudos teóricos e historiográficos, sobretudo por permitirem repensar as tendências à apropriação e ao apossamento que podem caracterizar as pesquisas sobre a escrita da história.
Machado de Assis e a experiência da historicidade
Authors: Ramos André da Silva
Published: September 2021

Neste artigo, exploro como Machado de Assis (1839-1908) articula, em Casa Velha (1885-1886), percepções relativas à experiência da historicidade e da escrita da história que tensionavam com as perspectivas vigentes na cultura de história no Brasil do século XIX. A intenção é abordar como a produção literária do escritor possibilita o diálogo com as reflexões contemporâneas nos campos da teoria e da história da historiografia que apontam para a (im)possibilidade de o passado passar, evidenciando a sua presença/ausência espectral. Nesse sentido, procuro explorar como se, por um lado, em Casa Velha, as figurações da historicidade e da escrita historiográfica pressupõem a crise do conceito moderno de história; por outro, apontam para a impossibilidade de uma ruptura completa, sendo a sua própria presença a condição para a imaginação literária. Por fim, reflito como o assombramento do passado em Casa Velha se conecta a outros escritos do autor e é análogo ao assombramento provocado por Machado na cultura de história brasileira contemporânea.
látego e o riso
Authors: Martins Amanda da Silva
Published: September 2021

Este artigo examina as estratégias retóricas e comunicacionais usadas pela tradição republicana brasileira para disciplinar o campo historiográfico no século XIX. O republicanismo é abordado como forma de governo (BOBBIO), ética (CATROGA) e linguagem política (POCOCK) para refletir sobre uma questão central: é possível falar em ética política como elemento meta-histórico? O objeto de análise é a obra de Joaquim Felício dos Santos, especialmente seus artigos políticos e satíricos publicados no jornal O Jequitinhonha (1861-1874). Os resultados deste estudo expõem algumas características da tradição historiográfica republicana no momento de sua criação: a transdisciplinaridade; a apropriação da herança antimonárquica clássica; o esforço de tradução do saber científico para as linguagens jornalística e satírica; o enfoque dualista; a conexão com a história da modernidade; e o argumento do anacronismo.
Arsenic Pollution: An Insight into its Effect in Plant Productivity and Human Health
Authors: Koner Srimoyee , Pal Ranjana , Dutta Siddhartha
Published: September 2021

Arsenic (As), a naturally occurring metalloid, has been a major concern to the environment due to its adverse effects on the plants and human. Arsenic uptake and accumulation in plants has not only impaired the plant processes leading to loss in growth and crop yield but also resulted in toxicity in human due to biomagnification. With decades of research on the effects of arsenic accumulation on plant growth and development and its consequences in human health, we briefly discuss the effects of As on plants and humans. In the first part of the review the principles of uptake of As by plant from soil are discussed. In the second part, the primary mechanism through which the As accumulation affect plant productivity are discussed. The last part describes the effect As has on different human organs. Our mini-review serves to guide the ongoing and future research on the effects As contamination.
Sífilis em jovens conscritos brasileiros, 2016: aspectos sociodemográficos, comportamentais e clínicos
Authors: Freitas Francisca Lidiane Sampaio , Bermúdez Ximena Pamela Díaz , Merchan-Hamann Edgar , Motta Leonardo Rapone da , Paganella Machline Paim , Sperhacke Rosa Dea , Pereira Gerson Fernando Mendes
Published: September 2021

O objetivo foi caracterizar aspectos sociodemográficos, comportamentais e clínicos entre conscritos brasileiros, segundo a prevalência de sífilis. Estudo descritivo desenvolvido valendo-se de pesquisa nacional de base populacional, realizada em 2016, com amostra probabilística de jovens conscritos de 17 a 22 anos de idade. Realizou-se autoaplicação de questionários confidenciais. As amostras de sangue total dos participantes foram coletadas para testagem de sífilis, com a utilização de testes treponêmicos e não treponêmicos. Empregaram-se técnicas de estatística descritiva para estimar as prevalências de sífilis e a distribuição de frequências entre as variáveis pesquisadas, considerando os intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%), após a ponderação dos dados. Do total de 37.282 participantes, 73,7% haviam iniciado a vida sexual. As prevalências de sífilis na vida e de sífilis confirmada foram de 1,6% e 1,1%, respectivamente. As seguintes variáveis populacionais apresentaram maior prevalência de sífilis: ausência de acesso à Internet no domicílio; início da atividade sexual antes dos 14 anos; categoria de exposição homens que fazem sexo com homens; práticas sexuais com mais de cinco parcerias; recebimento de presentes, drogas ou outros incentivos em troca de sexo; e história prévia de sintomatologia de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis. Observou-se o aumento de sífilis entre os jovens conscritos brasileiros, em comparação aos inquéritos anteriores. Tal incremento reforça a importância dessa população sentinela para realizar vigilância ativa, de forma a subsidiar estratégias de atenção à saúde dos jovens, incluindo cenários escolares.
Analysis of demand and access to services in the last two weeks previous to the National Health Survey 2013 and 2019
Authors: Malta Deborah Carvalho , Gomes Crizian Saar , Prates Elton Junio Sady , Santos Fausto Pereira dos , Almeida Wanessa da Silva de , Stopa Sheila Rizzato , Pereira Cimar Azeredo , Szwarcwald Célia Landmann
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT Objective Compare the demand and use of health services between 2013 and 2019, and analyze the associated sociodemographic and health variables in 2019. Methods: Cross-sectional study with data from the National Health Survey (PNS) 2013 and 2019. The prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the demand and use of health services were estimated. In 2019, the differences in the indicators were analyzed according to sociodemographic variables and the crude and adjusted by sex and age prevalence ratios (RP) were estimated. Results: There was an increase of 22% in the demand for health care in the last two weeks, going from 15.3% (95%CI 15.0–15.7) in 2013 to 18.6% (95%CI 18.3–19.0) in 2019. There was a reduction in use in the last two weeks, from 97% (95%CI 96.6–97.4) in 2013 to 86.1% (95%CI 85.4–86.8) in 2019, which was observed for most Federation Units. In 2019, the demand for care was greater among women, the elderly, those with high schooling, individuals with health insurance and poor self-rated health. They obtained greater access to health services in the fifteen days prior to the survey: men, children or adolescents up to 17 years of age, people with health insurance and poor health self-assessment. Conclusion: The demand for health services has grown and reduced access in the last 15 days between 2013 and 2019. These differences may have been exacerbated by the austerity measures implemented in the country.
Estimativa do Sexo Pela Pesagem da Massa de Crânios Secos Edêntulos do Sudeste Brasileiro
Authors: Stéfany De Lima Gomes  , Roberto Neves Paulo , Ulbricht Viviane , Andrade Pedro de Souza , Pereira Neto João Sarmento , Francesquini Júnior Luiz
Published: September 2021

O objetivo dessa pesquisa é verificar se há dimorfismo quando se analisa o peso da massa de crânios secos de maxilas edêntulas, bem como a construção de um modelo de regressão logística para a estimativa do sexo. Obteve-se a aprovação do CEP-CAAE 38522714.6.0000.5418. Realizou-se a calibração e posteriormente pesou-se a massa de 171 crânios secos e edêntulos, pertencentes ao Biobanco Osteológico e Tomográfico, buscando conferir a existência de dimorfismo, bem como a possibilidade da criação de modelo de regressão logística que permita a estimativa do sexo. Todos com idade, sexo, ancestralidade e causa da morte conhecidas. A pesagem foi realizada com balança digital semi-analítica (WELMYTM Modelo W3) com capacidade de 10000 g/1,0g. Inicialmente foi realizada a calibração com o teste intraclasse (ICC), que resultou em correlação forte para as pesagens realizadas. Na análise dos dados, utilizou-se o software IBM@SPSS@25STATISTICS™, por meio da análise de Análise de Poisson e regressão logística pelo método Stepwise-Forward (Wald) e verificou-se que a massa dos crânios secos edêntulos não são significativamente dimórficas, porém houve uma relação positiva nos crânios maiores que 901 gramas. O modelo de regressão logística obtido obteve 59.3% de sensibilidade, 66.7% de especificidade e 63.2% de acurácia, se mostrando eficaz na predição do sexo do que o mero acerto ao acaso. Foi possível obter um modelo de regressão logística para estimativa da idade pela massa de crânios edêntulos de brasileiros, porém contraindica-se o uso deste de forma isolada em brasileiros, mas sim em associação com outros métodos.
Science. Technology. Innovation
Authors: Gorodnikova Natalia , Gokhberg Leonid , Ditkovskiy Kirill , Kuznetsova Irina , Lukinova Evgeniya , Martynova Svetlana , Ratay Tatyana , Rosovetskaya Larisa , Sagieva Galina , Streltsova Ekaterina , Suslov Anton , Tarasenko Irina , Fridlyanova Svetlana , Fursov Konstantin , Bychkova Ludmila , Varzanovtseva Irina
Published: September 2021

The pocket data book contains main indicators characterizing S&T and innovation potential of the Russian Federation. There are the information about intellectual property, S&T output, data of international comparisons given. The data book includes information of the Federal State Statistics Service, Federal Service for Intellectual Property, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Eurostat, UNESCO, World Intellectual Property Organisation, national statistical services of foreign countries, and results of own methodological and analytical studies of the HSE Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge. In some cases, the presented data specify those published earlier.
Образование в цифрах: 2021
Authors: Гохберг Леонид , Озерова Ольга , Саутина Елена , Сутырина Татьяна , Шугаль Николай
Published: September 2021

Краткий статистический сборник содержит основные показатели, характеризующие в динамике развитие общего, среднего профессионального, высшего образования, профессионального обучения и дополнительного образования в Российской Федерации. Представлены ключевые индикаторы развития образования в странах ОЭСР. В сборнике использованы данные Росстата, Минпросвещения России, Минобрнауки России, Федерального казначейства, ОЭСР, а также собственные разработки Института статистических исследований и экономики знаний Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики».
RNA TRIzol isolation of Datura spp. v1
Authors: Kariñho-Betancourt Eunice , not provided rtapia
Published: September 2021

We present the TRIzol protocol for RNA extraction. We employed leaf tissue from vegetative and reproductive plants from four solanaceous species of the genus Datura; D. stramonium, D. pruinosa, D. inoxia and D. wrightii.
Exploring shared care plans for older people regarding fulfillment of policy requirements and shared decision making - A qualitative study
Authors: Condelius Anna , Andersson Magdalena
Published: September 2021

The aim was to explore the documentation in shared care plans regarding the fulfilment of policy requirements and shared decision-making. The sample consists of 15 shared care plans established for older people in Sweden. The analysis was performed using directed content analysis. The requirements in the Swedish law and the 15 indicators of shared decision making (SDM) in the Multifocal Approach to the Sharing in SDM inventory was used to define the main categories. The policy requirements were fulfilled to a varied extent. All the care plans were established in collaboration between the municipality and the county council, but social services were not represented in six of them. The older person and next of kin were present at 14 of the care planning meetings. The individual’s agreement to the establishment was documented in ten of the plans but how and what the person had agreed to was not specified further. The headings focused at the policy requirements and did not support a care planning process, or a documentation based on SDM. Six out of 15 indicators of SDM were reflected. The decision-making process needs to be acknowledged more in the process of establishing shared care plans for older people.
Adam Optimization Method Modifications Comparison in the Regression Models Parameters Evaluation Tasks
Authors:   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Region, Russian Federation, Nartsev D. Yu. , Gneushev A. N. ,   Federal Research Center "Computer Science and Control" of RAS, Moscow, 119333, Russian Federation
Published: September 2021

There is considered a problem of optimization methods comparing for the neural network regression task. Various optimization methods, such as stochastic gradient descent with momentum (SGDM), Adam and its modifications, AdamW and RAdam, were considered. To compare optimization method two regression task were formulated. Both tasks are connected with the preprocessing subtasks in the field of image analysis. The first considered task was the filtering blurred eye images on which confident recognition cannot be achieved. The training samples were generated by Gaussian blurring of the images. The blurring degree was estimated. The test and training sample for the assessment problem was formed on the basis of the BATH and CASSIA eye image databases. The second task was aligning faces in assessment image in face recognition systems. The training samples were generated by rotating face images, and rotation angle was estimated. To solve these tasks the direct estimation of parameters by solving the image regression problem by training neural network models is proposed. The adequate accuracy was acquired with all considered optimization methods for both tasks. Modifications of Adam algorithm show better results than original method. Both AdamW and RAdam methods reduced the error twice in comparison with Adam. The modification of the RAdam algorithm proposed in the work reduced the error by more than 1.5 times in comparison with the model trained by the original algorithm.
Property Analysis and Criteria for Detecting Hidden Data in Microsoft Word Documents
Authors:   National Research University Moscow Power Engineering Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation, Khorev P. B. , Sergeev A. V. ,   National Research University Moscow Power Engineering Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: September 2021

In this article, we propose detecting hidden elements in docx documents. Using the feature of the format structure, we analyze the most profitable stegocontainer. It is proposed to consider three options for investing in a stegocontainer in order to obtain the most objective estimates of the deviation. A comprehensive assessment is carried out from the tested data on the basis of which it was proposed to detect hidden elements in Microsoft Word documents.
JUSTIFICATION OF THE OVERALL INDICATOR FOR THE ESTIMATION OF EFFECTIVENESS OF TRAINING OF A SEPARATE TERRITORIAL DEFENSE BRIGADE OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE
Authors: Heorhadze O.A. , Shevchuk V.V. , Pampukha I.V. , Nikiforov M.M. , Bargilevich A.V.
Published: September 2021

Based on the results of the analysis of command and staff training of the territorial defence units and scientific research conducted to determine approaches to the estimation of the effectiveness of military units training, a set of indicators required to estimate the effectiveness of training of territorial defence units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine has been suggested. The achievement of the designated combat capabilities has been defined as an overall indicator for the effectiveness estimation. This indicator depends on the readiness to perform tasks of such components as personnel management, organizational core and units of the territorial defence brigade.

Being a measuring tool the indicator should reflect the level of the item’s specific property display. The definition of the well-grounded indicators required to estimate the separate territorial defence brigade training effectiveness is of great theoretical and practical importance. Justification of the criterion and a set of indicators required to estimate the effectiveness of training of a separate territorial defence brigade is a challenging task. In practical terms, a set of indicators required to estimate the effectiveness of training of a separate territorial defence brigade is a result of activities of the relevant social and technical systems (territorial defence structures and agencies) established to perform missions. Estimation of the effectiveness of training of a separate territorial defence brigade requires application of complex indicators which can generalise a certain amount of information and at the same time maintain the objectivity of estimation. In some cases, in particular, when dealing with new tasks, this may require synthesis (a combination of earlier identified concepts and goals), the formulation of new indicators and algorithms for their calculation. Based on the results of the analysis of command and staff training of territorial defence units and scientific research conducted to determine approaches to the estimation of the effectiveness of military units training, a set of indicators required to estimate the effectiveness of training of territorial defence units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine has been suggested. The achievement of the designated combat capabilities has been defined as an overall indicator for the effectiveness estimation. This indicator depends on the readiness to perform tasks of such components as personnel management, organizational core and units of the territorial defence brigade and can be used to develop a partial methodology for the estimation of effectiveness of training the territorial defence brigade organizational core.
LOOK AT THE HISTORICAL PROCESSES OF THE FORMATION OF SCIENTIFIC PARADIGMS
Authors: Mashtalir V.V. , Griffen L.O. , Ryzheva N.О.
Published: September 2021

The article examines the historical development of the processes of knowledge accumulation, which eventually led to the formation of the current scientific paradigm, which is the information basis of modern human life. The article is based on the scientific-critical use of previous achievements in the field of history of science.

The scientific novelty of the article is a comprehensive presentation of the historical development of the scientific paradigm as a result of a natural dialectical change of its specific stages with appropriate systematization of knowledge (mythology, philosophy, science), caused by the growth of knowledge and development of research methods. contemplation, experiment with the subsequent formation of a theoretical model).

Materials, research in the article allow us to say that current trends in the role of science in modern society are forcing us to return to the processes of formation of the scientific paradigm. The latter were complex and nonlinear, and the formation of scientific principles of cognition was their natural result. Throughout human history, the acquisition and use of knowledge about the objective world has been carried out in various, historically necessary forms - both in the methodology of cognition and in the method of systematization, which was determined by the level of their accumulation.

The authors note that the accumulation of knowledge in society took place in the process of direct practical activity, on the basis of alleged "external" contemplation and as a result of conscious influence on the object of study (experiment) with their different "specific weight" at different historical stages. Thus, today the scientific paradigm is a natural result of the historical development of forms of knowledge and its highest achievement, and the reduction of its role objectively leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of social development.
NARENCİYE ATIKSULARININ ARITILABİLİRLİĞİNDE KOAGÜLASYON-FLOKÜLASYON METODUNUN UYGULANABİLİRLİĞİ
Authors: YEŞİLTAŞ Hasan Kıvanç , ERSÜ Çağatayhan Bekir
Published: September 2021

Bu araştırma makalesinde, Akdeniz bölgesinde faaliyet gösteren bir narenciye işleme tesisi atıksularının koagülasyon-flokülasyon metodu ile arıtılabilirliği incelenmiştir. Arıtılabilirlik çalışması üç aşamada sürdürülmüş olup ilk aşamasında alum, demir-III-klorür ve magnezyum klorür koagülantları kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın ikinci aşamasında, uygulanan alum dozunun arttırılması ile atıksuda gerçekleşecek olan KOİ ve AKM gideriminin etkisi incelenmiştir. Son aşamada ise sadece kireç kullanılması durumunda ham atıksuda gerçekleşecek olan KOİ ve AKM giderimleri araştırılmıştır.

Bu çalışmada kullanılmış olan üç koagülant arasında, narenciye atıksularının arıtılmasında alum koagülantının kullanılmasının daha uygun olacağı tespit edilmiş olup pH ayarlamada kireç kullanılması neticesinde arıtma veriminin arttığı görüşmüştür. Üç aşamadan oluşan arıtılabilirlik çalışması sonucunda, narenciye atıksularının arıtılmasında koagülasyon-flokülasyon prosesinin bir ön arıtma alternatifi olarak kullanılabileceği anlaşılmıştır. Bu çalışmada tespit edilen en yüksek KOİ giderim verimi 1.000 mg/L alum dozu için %60,25 ve en yüksek AKM giderim verimi ise pH 11 değerinde %87,22 olarak ölçülmüştür.
SYNTHESIS OF HYDROXYAPATITE FROM EUROPEAN SEA BASS (DICENTRARCHUS LABRAX) SCALES AND INVESTIGATION OF ITS USABILITY IN Pb(II) REMOVAL FROM WATERS
Authors: ATICI Ertuğrul , UYSAL Yağmur
Published: September 2021

In this study, low-cost and eco-friendly hydroxyapatite (FS-HAp) particles were obtained from the raw fish scales of European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), and used as adsorbent material to remove Pb(II) ions from solutions. For this purpose, experiments were carried out in the aqueous solutions prepared at different Pb(II) concentrations to determine optimum pH, adsorbent concentration, reaction time and initial Pb(II) concentration. Optimum removal conditions for Pb(II) adsorption onto FS-HAp were determined as pH 4.0, adsorbent concentration of 7.5 g/L, reaction time of 60 min, and initial Pb(II) concentration of 50 mg/L. Under these experimental conditions, the maximum Pb(II) removal was obtained as 97%. According to results of the study, hydroxyapatite obtained from fish scales was found to be highly efficient material to remove Pb(II) ions from water by adsorption method in order to reach high efficiency values when compared with many adsorbent materials.
Kaman Deresi Havzasının Erozyon Duyarlılığı
Authors: ALPARSLAN Kadir , KÜÇÜKÖNDER Muhterem
Published: September 2021

Erozyon, doğal toprak ekosisteminin bozulması başta olmak üzere ortaya çıkardığı problemler nedeniyle önemli doğal afetler arasında ele alınmaktadır. Dünya’nın birçok yerinde olduğu gibi ülkemizde de erozyon önemli bir toprak sorununu oluşturmaktadır. Bu sorunun çözümünde erozyonun duyarlılığını tespit etmek ve öncelikli belirlenen alanlara özgü tedbirler almak hızlı çözüm yollarından biridir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ülkemizde su erozyonunun fazla yaşandığı Fırat Havzası içerisinde bulunan Kaman Deresi Havzasında RUSLE (Revize Edilmiş Üniversal Toprak Kayıpları Eşitliği) tekniği kullanarak erozyon duyarlılığını tespit etmektir. Yaklaşık 110 km^2 alan kaplayan çalışma havzası, RUSLE yöntemi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Yağış aşındırma parametresi TRMM 3B43 ve GloREDa verileri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Ortalama erozyon değerleri, GloREDa yağış aşındırma parametresi ile ortalama 112 ton/ha/yıl, TRMM 3B43 yağış aşındırma parametresi ile 68 ton/ha/yıl olarak hesaplanmıştır. Meteorolojik uydu görüntülerinden elde edilen yağış aşındırma parametreleri erozyon çalışmalarında yararlı olacaktır.
DEVELOPMENT OF METRONIDAZOLE MICROSPONGE INCORPORATED INTO CARBOMER-BASED VAGINAL GEL
Authors:   Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia, Mardikasari Sandra Aulia , Amir Arfian Junior ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia, . Aliyah ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia, Amir Muhammad Nur ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia, Himawan Achmad ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia, . Usmanengsih ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia, Putri Suci Ananda ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia, Tuany Irma Nurfadilla ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia, Permana Andi Dian ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
Published: September 2021

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a vaginal infection caused by excessive bacterial growth, thus disrupting the natural balance of bacteria inside the vagina. Metronidazole becomes a drug of choice and a widely prescribed drug for the treatment of BV. However, when applied topically, metronidazole has a low vaginal residence time because of the natural washing mechanism of the vagina. This study aimed to improve the retention time of metronidazole inside the vagina and control its release profile. This study was prepared 4 formulas of gel for metronidazole microsponges with some concentration ratio of carbomer and triethanolamine. The evaluations carried out to test the efficacy of the developed formulation included organoleptic, pH measurement, spreadability, viscosity, mucoadhesive properties, permeation test using Franz diffusion cell and retention test. The results showed that the gel appearance was white, odourless and homogenous. The characteristics of all prepared gel for pH, viscosity, spreadability, and mucoadhesive ability were appropriate to the required standard for vaginal delivery. The permeation and retention test showed that F3 with the carbomer and triethanolamine concentration of 1.25%: 1.75% was able to retain and controlled the drug release locally in the vaginal mucosa. This study provides an alternative strategy in drug formulation for the treatment of BV.
First report of Bursaphelenchus leoni Baujard, 1980 (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) from Pine Forests of Turkey
Authors: DAYI Mehmet , KASAPOĞLU ULUDAMAR Ece Börteçine , AKBULUT Süleyman , ELEKCİOĞLU İbrahim Halil
Published: September 2021

Several surveys have been performed in Turkey in order to determine a possible presence of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer, 1934), Nickle, 1970. As a result, several Bursaphelenchus species have been reported. During a study aimed to identify potential insect vectors of these Bursaphelenchus species using the trap tree method in the western region of Turkey, one Bursaphelenchus species was isolated from a wood chip sample of a Pinus brutia trap log located in Bergama town of the city of İzmir. According to morphological and molecular studies, the species was determined as Bursaphelenchus leoni Baujard, 1980. Morphological characteristics of the species matched well with the original description made by Baujard in 1980. 18S and 28S rRNA genes of B. leoni were sequenced and a phylogenetic tree was constructed that showed B. leoni was clustered with B. leoni in the NCBI database. This is the first report of B. leoni from Turkey. To determine presence of other known Bursaphelenchus species in Turkey, new studies should be performed.
Fast and Economical Biosorption of Lead (II) Heavy Metal in Aqueous Solutions by Bacillus licheniformis sp.
Authors: BARAN Mehmet Fırat , DÜZ Mzahir , BARAN Ayşe , KESKİN Cumali
Published: September 2021

Lead is used in many areas of industry. Considering the prevalence of use, there is an intense lead and heavy metal content in the wastes resulting from these applications, and the toxic pollution caused by these metals affects the nearest water source directly or indirectly. Lead poses a serious threat to all life forms in the ecosystem, even at low concentrations in water. Lead recovery with environmentally friendly methods is both easier and more economical. Bacillus licheniformis sp. type was used as a biosorbent in the study. Nearly 98.4% of lead was removed by using the batch biosorption method, at 25 oC, pH 5.5, with an adsorption capacity of 42.92 in 120 minutes. from the water. The properties of the biosorbent, such as its morphological appearance, were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Besides, the functional groups affecting biosorption in the surface structure were investigated by fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR)while its resistance to heat treatment was measured by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA-DTA). The lead(II) element content in the aqueous solution was also determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES).
Lecciones de teoría política: la democracia de los atenienses entre la stásis y la diálysis
Authors:   Universidad Libre, Prieto Hernán
Published: September 2021

La carne del país (Brasil, pero también Colombia y tantos otros) se desgarra y se zurce, se deshilacha y se vuelve a coser, una y otra vez, hasta que, por más abnegadas que sean las mujeres, la mano, la aguja y el hilo, ya no pueden más, “porque se había matado demasiado”. ¿Qué hacer? ¿Sí, qué hacer los que no sabemos, ni queremos, matar? Para los que en cambio sí sabemos que “matar un hombre por defender una idea, no es defender una idea sino matar un hombre” (Castello contra Calvino, de Zweig) ¿Qué hacer? Aprender de los matemáticos: «comencemos con las ecuaciones diferenciales parciales con frontera libre. Imagínese que hay una represa con muros, se rompe y empieza a regarse el agua. El suelo alrededor comienza a mojarse. Una frontera libre es esa frontera entre el piso seco y el mojado. Los matemáticos queremos saber a qué velocidad se expande, y otras características para tratar de contener y prever qué va a ocurrir para detenerla». Así nos enseña, a los no iniciados, la gran matemática colombiana Tatiana Toro. ¿Qué hacer cuando una represa se rompe y empieza a inundarlo todo? Aprender a qué velocidad se expande, entre muchísimas otras cosas, para tratar de contener el daño y saber qué es lo que hay que hacer para detener la catástrofe. Una «frontera libre», en política, sería esa delgada línea situada entre matones y asesinos de ambos lados, para decirles a los unos y a los otros: «no pasarán». Eso fue lo que enseñó hace más de dos mil quinientos años atrás Solón, el sabio poeta en torno al cual gira la invención de la política en su versión ateniense. Cuando terminó su labor de palabrero, ¿cómo quiso ser recordado? No hice viudas a las mujeres, no cercené la vida de los jóvenes. ¿Qué gobernantes, qué políticos, de uno y otro bando pueden decir algo que alcance a las plantas de los pies de Solón?
Validación de un cuestionario para la evaluación del aprendizaje en el alumno universitario
Authors: Rodríguez Pulido Josefa , Artiles Rodríguez Josué , Aguiar Perera Mª Victoria
Published: September 2021

Este artículo aborda el aprendizaje del alumnado universitario en base a la utilización de estrategias y/ o enfoques, a la distribución de los tiempos de estudio, recursos, etc.; es decir, nos interesa saber de qué forma afrontan y gestionan el estudio los estudiantes para obtener el rendimiento académico que esperan alcanzar. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido diseñar y analizar la validez de un cuestionario que reúna los requisitos metodológicos y psicométricos necesarios para evaluar el afrontamiento del aprendizaje en estudiantes universitarios. La validación del instrumento se ha llevado a cabo mediante juicio de expertos y análisis factorial confirmatorio del modelo teórico previo, siendo la estructura factorial de esta herramienta fiable y con un buen ajuste. Los análisis realizados han confirmado y mostrado cinco dimensiones o factores en el aprendizaje del alumno universitario: estrategia metodológica, progreso de los resultados, entornos educativos y de aprendizaje, organización de los tiempos, atribuciones en los resultados. El resultado final fue un cuestionario formado por 30 ítems en el que los mismos se valoran en una escala tipo Likert, de cinco opciones de respuesta, siendo 1 = “Muy en desacuerdo” y 5= “Muy de acuerdo”.