bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Delineating selective vulnerability of inhibitory interneurons in Alpers' syndrome
Authors: Smith Laura A. , Erskine Daniel , Blain Alasdair , Taylor Robert W. , McFarland Robert , Lax Nichola Z.
Published: July 2022

Aims

Alpers' syndrome is a severe neurodegenerative disease typically caused by bi‐allelic variants in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymerase gene, POLG, leading to mtDNA depletion. Intractable epilepsy, often with an occipital focus, and extensive neurodegeneration are prominent features of Alpers' syndrome. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is severely impaired with mtDNA depletion and is likely to be a major contributor to the epilepsy and neurodegeneration in Alpers' syndrome. We hypothesised that parvalbumin‐positive(+) interneurons, a neuronal class critical for inhibitory regulation of physiological cortical rhythms, would be particularly vulnerable in Alpers' syndrome due to the excessive energy demands necessary to sustain their fast‐spiking activity.

Methods

We performed a quantitative neuropathological investigation of inhibitory interneuron subtypes (parvalbumin+, calretinin+, calbindin+, somatostatin interneurons+) in postmortem neocortex from 14 Alpers' syndrome patients, five sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) patients (to control for effects of epilepsy) and nine controls.

Results

We identified a severe loss of parvalbumin+ interneurons and clear evidence of OXPHOS impairment in those that remained. Comparison of regional abundance of interneuron subtypes in control tissues demonstrated enrichment of parvalbumin+ interneurons in the occipital cortex, while other subtypes did not exhibit such topographic specificity.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that the vulnerability of parvalbumin+ interneurons to OXPHOS deficits coupled with the high abundance of parvalbumin+ interneurons in the occipital cortex is a key factor in the aetiology of the occipital‐predominant epilepsy that characterises Alpers' syndrome. These findings provide novel insights into Alpers' syndrome neuropathology, with important implications for the development of preclinical models and disease‐modifying therapeutics.
Cross‐reactivity of each fraction among cereals in children with wheat allergy
Authors: Takei Mari , Saito Akemi , Yanagida Noriyuki , Sato Sakura , Ebisawa Motohiro
Published: July 2022

Background

Cross‐reactivity between wheat and other cereals is a crucial issue in the management of wheat allergy. Few studies have reported in vitro cross‐reactivity in immediate‐type wheat allergy. The aim of this study aimed to examine cross‐reactivity of the three fractions (albumin/globulin, gliadin, and glutenin fractions) among cereals in children with wheat allergy.

Methods

Sera from 128 children with immediate‐type wheat allergy were collected. Specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) levels against each fraction of wheat, barley, and rye were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cross‐reactivities of each fraction among wheat, barley, and rye were examined via inhibition ELISA.

Results

All subjects were sensitized to all fractions of wheat, barley, and rye. The wheat sIgE levels were significantly higher than those of barley and rye in all the fractions (p ≤ .001) and were significantly correlated with sIgE levels in each fraction (r = .887–.969, p < .001). Inhibition ELISA revealed that wheat inhibited the IgE binding to most of the solid phases at lower protein levels compared with barley and rye in all fractions.

Conclusions

In children with immediate‐type wheat allergy, sensitization to all the three fractions of wheat was observed. In addition, they showed sensitization to barley and rye caused by in vitro cross‐reactivity with wheat in each fraction. When managing children with wheat allergy, sensitization to barley and rye caused by the cross‐reactivities should be considered.
THIAMIN REQUIRING2 is involved in thiamin diphosphate biosynthesis and homeostasis
Authors: Hsieh Wei‐Yu , Wang Hsin‐Mei , Chung Yi‐Hsin , Lee Kim‐Teng , Liao Hong‐Sheng , Hsieh Ming‐Hsiun
Published: July 2022

The THIAMIN REQUIRING2 (TH2) protein comprising a mitochondrial targeting peptide followed by a transcription enhancement A and a haloacid dehalogenase domain is a thiamin monophosphate (TMP) phosphatase in the vitamin B1 biosynthetic pathway. The Arabidopsis th2‐3 T‐DNA insertion mutant was chlorotic and deficient in thiamin diphosphate (TDP). Complementation assays confirmed that haloacid dehalogenase domain alone was sufficient to rescue the th2‐3 mutant. In pTH2:TH2‐GFP/th2‐3 complemented plants, the TH2‐GFP was localized to the cytosol, mitochondrion, and nucleus, indicating that the vitamin B1 biosynthetic pathway extended across multi‐subcellular compartments. Engineered TH2‐GFP localized to the cytosol, mitochondrion, nucleus, and chloroplast, could complement the th2 mutant. Together, these results highlight the importance of intracellular TMP and thiamin trafficking in vitamin B1 biosynthesis. In an attempt to enhance the production of thiamin, we created various constructs to overexpress TH2‐GFP in the cytosol, mitochondrion, chloroplast, and nucleus. Unexpectedly, overexpressing TH2‐GFP resulted in an increase rather than a decrease in TMP. While studies on th2 mutants support TH2 as a TMP phosphatase, analyses of TH2‐GFP overexpression lines implicating TH2 may also function as a TDP phosphatase in planta. We propose a working model that the TMP/TDP phosphatase activity of TH2 connects TMP, thiamin, and TDP into a metabolic cycle. The TMP phosphatase activity of TH2 is required for TDP biosynthesis, and the TDP phosphatase activity of TH2 may modulate TDP homeostasis in Arabidopsis.
Computational design of a sensitive, selective phase-changing sensor protein for the VX nerve agent
Authors: McCann James J. , Pike Douglas H. , Brown Mia C. , Crouse David T. , Nanda Vikas , Koder Ronald L.
Published: July 2022

The VX nerve agent is one of the deadliest chemical warfare agents. Specific, sensitive, real-time detection methods for this neurotoxin have not been reported. The creation of proteins that use biological recognition to fulfill these requirements using directed evolution or library screening methods has been hampered because its toxicity makes laboratory experimentation extraordinarily expensive. A pair of VX-binding proteins were designed using a supercharged scaffold that couples a large-scale phase change from unstructured to folded upon ligand binding, enabling fully internal binding sites that present the maximum surface area possible for high affinity and specificity in target recognition. Binding site residues were chosen using a new distributed evolutionary algorithm implementation in protCAD. Both designs detect VX at parts per billion concentrations with high specificity. Computational design of fully buried molecular recognition sites, in combination with supercharged phase-changing chassis proteins, enables the ready development of a new generation of small-molecule biosensors.
Cryo-EM structure of the HIV-1 Pol polyprotein provides insights into virion maturation
Authors: Harrison Jerry Joe E. K. , Passos Dario Oliveira , Bruhn Jessica F. , Bauman Joseph D. , Tuberty Lynda , DeStefano Jeffrey J. , Ruiz Francesc Xavier , Lyumkis Dmitry , Arnold Eddy
Published: July 2022

Key proteins of retroviruses and other RNA viruses are translated and subsequently processed from polyprotein precursors by the viral protease (PR). Processing of the HIV Gag-Pol polyprotein yields the HIV structural proteins and enzymes. Structures of the mature enzymes PR, reverse transcriptase (RT), and integrase (IN) aided understanding of catalysis and design of antiretrovirals, but knowledge of the Pol precursor architecture and function before PR cleavage is limited. We developed a system to produce stable HIV-1 Pol and determined its cryo–electron microscopy structure. RT in Pol has a similar arrangement to the mature RT heterodimer, and its dimerization may draw together two PR monomers to activate proteolytic processing. HIV-1 thus may leverage the dimerization interfaces in Pol to regulate assembly and maturation of polyprotein precursors.
A handheld intelligent single-molecule binary bioelectronic system for fast and reliable immunometric point-of-care testing
Authors: Macchia Eleonora , Kovács-Vajna Zsolt M. , Loconsole Daniela , Sarcina Lucia , Redolfi Massimiliano , Chironna Maria , Torricelli Fabrizio , Torsi Luisa
Published: July 2022

Molecular tests are highly reliable and sensitive but lack portability and are not simple to use; conversely, easy-to-use antigenic tests still lack high performance. BioScreen combines single-molecule sensitivity and outstanding reliability with ultraportability and simplicity of use. This digital platform is capable of artificial intelligence–based binary classification at the limit of identification of a single marker/virus in 0.1 ml. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy reach 99.2% as validated through 240 assays, including a pilot clinical trial. The versatile immunometric system can detect the SARS-CoV-2 virus, spike S1, and immunoglobulin G antigen proteins in saliva, blood serum, and swab. BioScreen has a small footprint comprising a disposable cartridge and a handheld electronic reader connected to a smart device. The sample handling is minimal, and the assay time to result is 21 min. Reliable and sensitive self-testing with an ultraportable and easy-to-use diagnostic system operated directly by a patient holds the potential to revolutionize point-of-care testing and early diagnosis.
Expression of CD117 (c-Kit) on Circulating B Cells in Pediatric Schistosomiasis
Authors: Onkanga Isaac O. , Hamilton Rachael , Mwinzi Pauline N. M. , Schneider Thomas , Ondigo Bartholomew N. , Sang Huldah , Ondari Edna , Rawago Fredrick , Jaoko Walter , Odiere Maurice R. , Ganley-Leal Lisa
Published: July 2022

Few B cells express CD27, the primary marker for memory B cells, in pediatric schistosomiasis, suggesting B cell malfunction. This study further demonstrates unexpected high expression of CD117 on circulating B cells in children highly exposed toSchistosoma mansoniinfectious larvae.
Characterization and Genomic Analysis of ssDNA Vibriophage vB_VpaM_PG19 within
Microviridae
, Representing a Novel Viral Genus
Authors: Guo Ruizhe , Zheng Kaiyang , Luo Lin , Liu Yundan , Shao Hongbing , Guo Cui , He Hui , Wang Hualong , Sung Yeong Yik , Mok Wen Jye , Wong Li Lian , Zhang Yu-Zhong , Liang Yantao , McMinn Andrew , Wang Min
Published: July 2022

Vibriophage vB_VpaM_PG19 was distant from other isolated microviruses in the phylogenetic tree and network analysis and represents a novel microviral genus, named
Vimicrovirus
. Our report describes the genomic and phylogenetic features of vB_VpaM_PG19 and provides a potential antimicrobial candidate for pathogenic
V. parahaemolyticus
.
First Description of a Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Clonal Outbreak in France, Confirmed Using a New Core Genome Multilocus Sequence Typing Method
Authors: Savin Cyril , Le Guern Anne-Sophie , Chereau Fanny , Guglielmini Julien , Heuzé Guillaume , Demeure Christian , Pizarro-Cerdá Javier
Published: July 2022

We describe in here a novel core-genome MLST method that allowed to identify in real time, and for the first time in France, a
Y. pseudotuberculosis
clonal outbreak that took place during the summer 2020 in Corsica. Our method allows to support epidemiological and microbiological investigations to establish a link between patients infected with closely associated
Y. pseudotuberculosis
isolates, and to identify the potential source of infection.
Supplemental Material: Simultaneous fall and flow during pyroclastic eruptions: A novel proximal hybrid facies
Authors: Dowey Natasha , Williams Rebecca
Published: July 2022

Methods and imagery. 
Supplemental Material: Ancient structural inheritance explains gold deposit clustering in northern Perú
Authors: Wiemer Daniel , al. et
Published: July 2022

Tables S1 and S2, methods, and Figures S1–S12. 
Racial bias and reproducibility in pulse oximetry among medical and surgical inpatients in general care in the Veterans Health Administration 2013-19: multicenter, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Valbuena Valeria S M , Seelye Sarah , Sjoding Michael W , Valley Thomas S , Dickson Robert P , Gay Steven E , Claar Dru , Prescott Hallie C , Iwashyna Theodore J
Published: July 2022

Objectives

To evaluate measurement discrepancies by race between pulse oximetry and arterial oxygen saturation (as measured in arterial blood gas) among inpatients not in intensive care.

Design

Multicenter, retrospective cohort study using electronic medical records from general care medical and surgical inpatients.

Setting

Veteran Health Administration, a national and racially diverse integrated health system in the United States, from 2013 to 2019.

Participants

Adult inpatients in general care (medical and surgical), in Veteran Health Administration medical centers.

Main outcomes measures

Occult hypoxemia (defined as arterial blood oxygen saturation (SaO2) of <88% despite a pulse oximetry (SpO2) reading of ≥92%), and whether rates of occult hypoxemia varied by race and ethnic origin.

Results

A total of 30 039 pairs of SpO2-SaO2readings made within 10 minutes of each other were identified during the study. These pairs were predominantly among non-Hispanic white (21 918 (73.0%)) patients; non-Hispanic black patients and Hispanic or Latino patients accounted for 6498 (21.6%) and 1623 (5.4%) pairs in the sample, respectively. Among SpO2values greater or equal to 92%, unadjusted probabilities of occult hypoxemia were 15.6% (95% confidence interval 15.0% to 16.1%) in white patients, 19.6% (18.6% to 20.6%) in black patients (P<0.001vwhite patients, with similar P values in adjusted models), and 16.2% (14.4% to 18.1%) in Hispanic or Latino patients (P=0.53vwhite patients, P<0.05 in adjusted models). This result was consistent in SpO2-SaO2pairs restricted to occur within 5 minutes and 2 minutes. In white patients, an initial SpO2-SaO2pair with little difference in saturation was associated with a 2.7% (95% confidence interval −0.1% to 5.5%) probability of SaO2<88% on a later paired SpO2-SaO2reading showing an SpO2of 92%, but black patients had a higher probability (12.9% (−3.3% to 29.0%)).

Conclusions

In general care inpatient settings across the Veterans Health Administration where paired readings of arterial blood gas (SaO2) and pulse oximetry (SpO2) were obtained, black patients had higher odds than white patients of having occult hypoxemia noted on arterial blood gas but not detected by pulse oximetry. This difference could limit access to supplemental oxygen and other more intensive support and treatments for black patients.
Performance of HPV E4 and p16INK4a biomarkers in predicting regression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2): protocol for a historical cohort study
Authors: Damgaard Rikke Kamp , Jenkins David , de Koning Maurits NC , Quint Wim GV , Stoler Mark H , Doorbar John , Kahlert Johnny , Gravitt Patti E , Steiniche Torben , Petersen Lone Kjeld , Hammer Anne
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2) represents a spectrum of lesions with variable progression and regression. Pathological diagnosis of CIN2 is subjective and poorly reproducible. Accurate diagnosis and identification of different patterns of CIN2 related to outcome are essential to reduce the risks of overtreatment or undertreatment. It is important to explore novel methods for risk stratification of CIN2 to enable targeted treatment of women at high risk of progression or persistent disease and follow-up of women at low risk. The combination of the novel biomarker human papillomavirus (HPV) E4 with p16INK4a targets steps in the transition from a productive oncogenic HPV infection (CIN1) to a transformed lesion (CIN3) within CIN2. Previous cross-sectional studies suggest that HPV E4 combined with p16INK4a may be valuable for risk assessment of CIN2. However, data on HPV E4/p16INK4a as a predictor for CIN2 regression is lacking.

Methods and analysis

We will conduct a historical cohort study including 500 women aged 23–40 years with a first CIN2 diagnosis in Aarhus, Denmark during 2000–2010. Women will be eligible if they have undergone active surveillance and have no previous record of hysterectomy, cone biopsy, and CIN2 or worse. Women will be randomly selected through the Danish Pathology Databank. Tissue samples from women included will be sectioned for p16INK4a and HPV E4 immunohistochemical staining in addition to conventional hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. A positive result will be defined as HPV E4 positive. Through the Danish Pathology Databank, we will collect results on all subsequent cervical biopsies. Regression will be used as the primary outcome.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has been approved by the Ethical Committee in Central Denmark Region (1-10-72-60-20) and registered at the Faculty of Health, Aarhus University. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at scientific meetings.

Trial registration number

NCT05049252.
Impact of prostate biopsy technique on outcomes of the precision prostatectomy procedure
Authors: Grauer Ralph , Gorin Michael A. , Sood Akshay , Butaney Mohit , Olson Phil , Farah Guillaume , Hanna Cole Renee , Jeong Wooju , Abdollah Firas , Menon Mani
Published: July 2022

Objective

To assess the impact of iterative changes in preoperative and postoperative biopsy techniques on the outcomes of men undergoing the precision prostatectomy procedure. Precision prostatectomy is a novel surgical treatment for prostate cancer that aims to maximally preserve erectogenic nerves via partial preservation of the prostate capsule.

Design

Retrospective.

Setting

Single tertiary care center.

Participants

This study included 120 patients who consented to undergo prostate cancer treatment with the precision prostatectomy procedure. Patients were originally enrolled in one of two separate prospective protocols studying precision prostatectomy.

Interventions

Preoperatively, 60 patients were screened with transrectal (TR) biopsy and 60 were screened by transperineal (TP) biopsy. Ultimately, 117 patients underwent precision prostatectomy. Of the 43 postoperative biopsies, 19 were TR; 17 were TP with ultrasound; and 7 were TP with microultrasound (mUS).

Main outcome measures

Preoperatively, we evaluated whether the transition to TP biopsy was associated with differences in postoperative treatment failure defined as a neoplasm-positive postoperative biopsy. Postoperative biopsies were compared with respect to their ability to sample the remnant tissue, specifically percentage of cores positive for prostate tissue.

Results

Preoperatively, 9/60 (15%) positive postoperative biopsies occurred in the TR group and 6/60 (10%) in the TP group; Kaplan-Meier survival estimates did not differ between groups (p=0.69 by log rank). Postoperatively, the numbers of cores positive for prostate tissue were 99/160 (62%), 63/107 (59%), and 36/39 (92%) in the TR biopsy, TP with ultrasound, and TP with mUS groups, respectively; this difference was statistically significant versus the rate in the TR and standard TP groups (p=0.0003 and 0.0002).

Conclusion

We found no significant improvement in patient screening, preoperatively—though limited by small sample size and relatively short follow-up. The incorporation of high-frequency mUS for postoperative biopsies improved the ability to sample the remnant tissue with a higher efficiency.
Local and systemic immune profiles of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma revealed by single-cell mass cytometry
Authors: Brouwer Thomas P , de Vries Natasja L , Abdelaal Tamim , Krog Ricki T , Li Zheng , Ruano Dina , Fariña Arantza , Lelieveldt Boudewijn P F , Morreau Hans , Bonsing Bert A , Vahrmeijer Alexander L , Koning Frits , de Miranda Noel F C C
Published: July 2022

Background

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignancy in need of effective (immuno)therapeutic treatment strategies. For the optimal application and development of cancer immunotherapies, a comprehensive understanding of local and systemic immune profiles in patients with PDAC is required. Here, our goal was to decipher the interplay between local and systemic immune profiles in treatment-naïve patients with PDAC.

Methods

The immune composition of PDAC, matched non-malignant pancreatic tissue, regional lymph nodes, spleen, portal vein blood, and peripheral blood samples (collected before and after surgery) from 11 patients with PDAC was assessed by measuring 41 immune cell markers by single-cell mass cytometry. Furthermore, the activation potential of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes as determined by their ability to produce cytokines was investigated by flow cytometry. In addition, the spatial localization of tumor-infiltrating innate lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment was confirmed by multispectral immunofluorescence.

Results

We found that CD103+CD8+T cells with cytotoxic potential are infrequent in the PDAC immune microenvironment and lack the expression of activation markers and checkpoint blockade molecule programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1). In contrast, PDAC tissues showed a remarkable increased relative frequency of B cells and regulatory T cells as compared with non-malignant pancreatic tissues. Besides, a previously unappreciated innate lymphocyte cell (ILC) population (CD127–CD103+CD39+CD45RO+ILC1-like) was discovered in PDAC tissues. Strikingly, the increased relative frequency of B cells and regulatory T cells in pancreatic cancer samples was reflected in matched portal vein blood samples but not in peripheral blood, suggesting a regional enrichment of immune cells that infiltrate the PDAC microenvironment. After surgery, decreased frequencies of myeloid dendritic cells were found in peripheral blood.

Conclusions

Our work demonstrates an immunosuppressive landscape in PDAC tissues, generally deprived of cytotoxic T cells and enriched in regulatory T cells and B cells. The antitumor potential of ILC1-like cells in PDAC may be exploited in a therapeutic setting. Importantly, immune profiles detected in blood isolated from the portal vein reflected the immune cell composition of the PDAC microenvironment, suggesting that this anatomical location could be a source of tumor-associated immune cell subsets.
Imaging approaches and radiomics: toward a new era of ultraprecision radioimmunotherapy?
Authors: Sun Roger , Henry Théophraste , Laville Adrien , Carré Alexandre , Hamaoui Anthony , Bockel Sophie , Chaffai Ines , Levy Antonin , Chargari Cyrus , Robert Charlotte , Deutsch Eric
Published: July 2022

Strong rationale and a growing number of preclinical and clinical studies support combining radiotherapy and immunotherapy to improve patient outcomes. However, several critical questions remain, such as the identification of patients who will benefit from immunotherapy and the identification of the best modalities of treatment to optimize patient response. Imaging biomarkers and radiomics have recently emerged as promising tools for the non-invasive assessment of the whole disease of the patient, allowing comprehensive analysis of the tumor microenvironment, the spatial heterogeneity of the disease and its temporal changes. This review presents the potential applications of medical imaging and the challenges to address, in order to help clinicians choose the optimal modalities of both radiotherapy and immunotherapy, to predict patient’s outcomes and to assess response to these promising combinations.
Calibration of a large-size wide-range neutron spectrometer
Authors: Cirillo Andrea , Caresana Marco
Published: July 2022

Over the last year, Politecnico di Milano has developed the W-PIE, a cosmic neutron spectrometer employed for environmental measurements. The W-PIE is based on the Artkis M800 thermal neutron detector and works as a 4-channel spectrometer for detecting neutrons in the energy range 0.01eV – 1GeV. In this paper, the calibration of the instrument in monoenergetic neutron fields at the PIAF facility of PTB is discussed. These measurements were intended to calibrate the detector and validate the response functions. Despite obtaining satisfactory results in terms of fluence and dose calculations, the irradiation in the monoenergetic fields suggested that the detector sensitivity to fast neutrons was greater than expected by the calculated response functions. This discrepancy was investigated and a reasonable explanation for it was proposed.
Smart Home Product Layout Design Method Based on Real-Number Coding Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Jiang Nan
Published: July 2022

Aiming at the problems of poor layout design efficiency of smart home products and low rationality of layout planning, a layout design method for smart home products based on a real-number coding genetic algorithm is proposed. The principles of smart home product layout design are analyzed and the smart home system architecture based on the Internet of Things is designed. Divide the combination of smart home product layout space according to spatial function, extract the visual features of smart home product layout, build a smart home product layout optimization model based on the two constraints of the total area and individual area of smart home product spatial layout, and design a real-coded genetic algorithm. The model is solved to improve the global convergence of the algorithm, and the optimization method for the layout of smart home products is obtained. The experimental results show that the layout design method of smart home products based on a real-number coding genetic algorithm can accurately extract the layout features of smart home products and accurately classify the number of pairs of homes. The efficiency of layout design and rationality of layout planning of smart home products are better, which reflects the effectiveness of this method.
Pasting Properties of Various Waxy Rice Flours: Effect of α-Amylase Activity, Protein, and Amylopectin
Authors: Wang Yuehui , Sun Kuijie , Zheng Kai , Zhu Wenchang , Ding Wenping , Lyv Qingyun , Chen Lei , Wang Guozhen , Zhuang Kun , Chen Xi
Published: July 2022

Waxy rice has a long history of being cultivated and consumed in China. In this study, the effect of different factors including α-amylase activity, protein, and amylopectin structure on the pasting properties of four waxy rice varieties were investigated. Rice flours were divided into four groups (Vietnam indica (VI), Jiangxi indica (JI), Anhui japonica (AJ), and Dongbei japonica (DJ) group) and treated with AgNO3 solution, DL-dithiothreitol (DTT), or protease (n = 3). Results suggested that both α-amylase activity and protein significantly decrease the pasting viscosity of waxy rice flours. Chain length distribution of amylopectin as measured by high performance ion exchange chromatography (HPAEC-PAD) showed that starch with a higher ratio of short chain leads to a higher pasting viscosity. X-Ray diffractograms showed that the crystal type of all the four varieties of rice starches were characteristic A-type. Relative crystallinity of each rice starch was further calculated, and higher crystallization resulted in a higher viscosity. Our study would provide a fundamental knowledge of the relationship between different factors and waxy starch pasting properties, as well as be a reference for controlling the quality of waxy rice starch-based food products.
Implementation of Dynamic Load Balancing in Distributed System Based on Improved Algorithm
Authors: Zhou Guangyu
Published: July 2022

The digitalization and networking of the operating status of manufacturing equipment and facilities are still carried out on the basis of the automatic measurement system. Combining the embedded microprocessor AD/DA device and the network controller into an IC chip not only can solve the technical problems between the embedded microcontroller and the Internet but also can reduce the cost of this connection to a minimum limit. Embedded intelligent technology, especially the development and application of agent technology, makes the monitoring system change from a central computing model to a distributed model. With the application of computing from centralized development to distributed development. CBA has also transitioned from static central control to dynamic distributed control. The system load balancing method, distributed in the system processor, can enhance the capabilities of all the instruments and equipment in the system; eliminate the imbalance between busy and idle, and improve the overall performance of the system. The purpose of this article is to analyze and experimentally verify the parallel computing methods of computer distributed systems, and it can be applied to parallel computing for a variety of environmental support in computer systems. An effective combination of distributed object technology and embedded system technology can build a model of a distributed parallel computing system. After the distributed parallel computing system retains the advantages of the previous system, the distributed availability of parallel computing systems has been greatly improved.
Ftl-CoV19: A Transfer Learning Approach to Detect COVID-19
Authors: Singh Tarishi , Saurabh Praneet , Bisen Dhananjay , Kane Lalit , Pathak Mayank , Sinha G. R.
Published: July 2022

COVID-19 is an infectious and contagious disease caused by the new coronavirus. The total number of cases is over 19 million and continues to grow. A common symptom noticed among COVID-19 patients is lung infection that results in breathlessness, and the lack of essential resources such as testing, oxygen, and ventilators enhances its severity. Chest X-ray can be used to design and develop a COVID-19 detection mechanism for a quicker diagnosis using AI and machine learning techniques. Due to this silver lining, various new COVID-19 detection techniques and prediction models have been introduced in recent times based on chest radiography images. However, due to a high level of unpredictability and the absence of essential data, standard models have showcased low efficiency and also suffer from overheads and complexities. This paper proposes a model fine tuning transfer learning-coronavirus 19 (Ftl-CoV19) for COVID-19 detection through chest X-rays, which embraces the ideas of transfer learning in pretrained VGG16 model with including combination of convolution, max pooling, and dense layer at different stages of model. Ftl-CoV19 reported promising experimental results; it observed training and validation accuracy of 98.82% and 99.27% with precision of 100%, recall of 98%, and F1 score of 99%. These results outperformed other conventional state of arts such as CNN, ResNet50, InceptionV3, and Xception.
Metformin in Combination with Progesterone Improves the Pregnancy Rate for Patients with Early Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Yuan Feng , Hu Ying , Han Xi , Li Qiumin
Published: July 2022

Objective. To study the therapeutic effects of metformin in combination with medroxyprogesterone in the early endometrial cancer patients with fertility requirements. A total of 120 patients with early endometrial cancer admitted to and treated in our hospital were enrolled and evenly assigned into two groups according to different therapeutic regimens, namely, metformin group (metformin combined with medroxyprogesterone acetate) and control group (medroxyprogesterone acetate alone). The objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 71.7% (43/60) and 90.0% (54/60) in the metformin group and 53.3% (32/60) and 78.3% (47/60) in the control group, respectively. Adverse reactions such as gastrointestinal reaction, headache, and insomnia were mainly observed in patients. The body mass index (BMI) declined from (34.43 ± 4.34) kg/m2 to (24.77 ± 2.39) kg/m2 in the metformin group and from (33.37 ± 4.49) kg/m2 to (31.28 ± 3.55) kg/m2 in the control group after treatment. After treatment, serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiotensin‐2 (Ang‐2), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), and CA19‐9 in the metformin group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P = 0.005, P < 0.001, P = 0.002, and P < 0.001). During follow‐up, the pregnancy rate was 81.7% (49/60) in the metformin group and 61.7% (37/60) in the control group, and the former was prominently higher than the latter (P = 0.025). Metformin in combination with progesterone is effective in treating early endometrial cancer patients with fertility requirements, which significantly reduced the BMI of patients and increased the pregnancy rate after treatment.
The Method of Reconstructing Three-Dimensional Human Posture from Two-Dimensional Images in Film and Television Production
Authors: Zhao Yuanyuan , Tang Jiexiao
Published: July 2022

With the development of computer software and hardware technology, film and television production has made a breakthrough. More and more film and television works have changed from the traditional plane two-dimensional space projection to three-dimensional space projection. Three-dimensional works give the audience an immersive feeling. Taking human posture, one of the most important components in film and television works, as an example, this paper discusses the method of reconstructing three-dimensional human posture from two-dimensional images in film and television production. Starting from the research significance of two-dimensional image reconstruction of three-dimensional human posture in film and television production, the existing three-dimensional human posture in film and television production is analyzed. The audience can watch the film and television works in an all-round way to keep the film and television works fresh to the greatest extent. This paper provides a certain reference value for 3D stereoscopic projection.
Organizational Construction of Financial Management Application Platform Based on Commercial Random Matrix
Authors: Tao Yunqiu , Wang Wanxin , Yang Wei
Published: July 2022

As one of the basic tools of statistical analysis, random matrix theory builds a bridge for the study of microscopic and macroscopic properties of complex networks. The eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix of the complex network after mapping correspond to the energy spectrum in the random matrix theory, so the characteristics of the complex network are concentrated in the volatility of the eigenvalue sequence. The eigenvalues of complex networks are analyzed through random matrix theory to find the relationship between their structure and properties. This paper discusses the design and realization of the comprehensive application platform of group enterprise financial management. Based on the current situation of the development of financial management software in domestic and foreign group companies, the thesis gives the goals and tasks of the platform research and design. The enterprise financial management platform has made a business and technical architecture design and has made an in-depth analysis and design of modules such as fund management, budget management, statement management, and accounting management. This paper finds that the critical point threshold makes the results of network community division below this threshold poor, and the results above this threshold are good. Furthermore, the tipping point threshold for the NYSE network is significantly lower than that of the CSM network. This paper further analyzes the dynamic cross-correlation matrix and examines the time-dependent changes in the number of outliers, the number of communities, the degree of network modularity, and the degree of decentralization of industry composition under the condition of two market critical point thresholds. From the magnitude of fluctuation, it is found that the NYSE network is much more stable than the CSM network, which may also be related to the basic characteristics of the two markets, because the capital chain relationship is much more stable than the supply chain relationship.
Design of Music Teaching System Based on Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Chen Wei
Published: July 2022

This paper analyzes the application basis of AI technology in music teaching and realizes the extraction of music features. In addition, an intelligent music teaching model based on the RBF algorithm is constructed, which determines the way of music learning, and thus, an intelligent music teaching system is designed. The system constructed can realize the effective interaction between teachers and students, improve learners’ singing style to the maximum extent, and play a good auxiliary role in students’ music knowledge learning.
Engineering Cost Prediction Model Based on DNN
Authors: Li Bingxin , Xin Quanying , Zhang Lixin
Published: July 2022

A DNN-based cost prediction method is proposed for the difficult problem of cost calculation in engineering cost accounting, combined with deep neural networks. Firstly, we introduce the basic information of artificial neural network and select the DNN structure to calculate the engineering cost price according to the characteristics of the data related to engineering cost price. Secondly, the DNN-based engineering cost price prediction model is constructed, and the two types of index systems, engineering characteristics and list item characteristics, are used as model inputs. In addition, the total quotation and each subitem engineering quotation and tax are used as model outputs by analyzing previous relevant studies. Based on this, simulation experiments are conducted on the DNN-based engineering cost price prediction model, and it is concluded from the training model that the DNN model has a better prediction effect. Among them, the relative error of total price forecast by DNN is 4.203%, and the relative error of integrated unit prices V1 and V2 is 2.98% and 4.52%, respectively, with small relative error. Finally, by reasonably adjusting the integrated unit price, the cost price of the integrated unit price and the cost price of the total offer can be calculated.
Magnetic Resonance Features of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Involving Central Nervous System Diseases by Intelligent Fuzzy C-Means Clustering (FCM) Algorithm
Authors: Huang Gang , Chen Jiaqi , Ge Yuli , Zhu Xiaomei , Ding Meixiao , Chen Xugao , Qu Chunsheng
Published: July 2022

This study was aimed to explore the application of fuzzy C-means (FCM) algorithm in MR images of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. Sixty AIDS patients with central nervous disease were selected as the research object. A method of brain MR image segmentation based on FCM clustering optimization was proposed, and FCM was optimized based on the neighborhood pixel correlation of gray difference. The correlation was introduced into the objective function to obtain more accurate pixel membership and segmentation features of the image. The segmented image can retain the original image information. The proposed algorithm can clearly distinguish gray matter from white matter in images. The average time of image segmentation was 0.142 s, the longest time of level set algorithm was 2.887 s, and the running time of multithreshold algorithm was 1.708 s. FCM algorithm had the shortest running time, and the average time was significantly better than other algorithms (

P
<
0.05

). FCM image segmentation efficiency was above 90%, and patients can clearly display the location of lesions after MRI imaging examination. In summary, FCM algorithm can effectively combine the spatial neighborhood information of the brain image, segment the BRAIN MR image, analyze the characteristics of AIDS patients from different directions, and provide effective treatment for patients.
Modern Intelligent Rural Landscape Design Based on Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Qin Feng
Published: July 2022

With the gradual maturity of the development of scientific and technological modernization, China’s economic level has risen rapidly, and people’s living conditions have been further improved. Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, Internet of things, and big data have brought new opportunities for China’s urban construction and landscape design. Facing the development of modern science and technology, the application of landscape design in rural construction has become the main research object. In this paper, particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to study the modernization of rural landscape design. Starting with intelligent technology, particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to improve the traditional model of rural landscape design. Firstly, the control range of rural landscape lighting system is divided into regions, the user needs are processed, and the intelligent system of landscape lamps is further adjusted. It improves the problems of energy conservation and environmental protection in rural landscape design. Finally, based on the particle swarm optimization neural network supervision algorithm, the rural planning land is allocated intelligently. The intelligent design of sprinkler irrigation equipment in landscape architecture can adjust the sprinkler area and range according to the growth period of crops and achieve the purpose of real-time monitoring.
Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Carrying circ_0050205 Attenuate Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Authors: Yu Xiao-Jun , Liu Qi-Kun , Lu Rui , Wang Shan-Xi , Xu Hao-Ran , Wang Ying-Guang , Bao Yuan , Jiang Yong-Qiao , Li Meng-Wei , Kang Hao
Published: July 2022

Objective. It has been reported that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are a potential source of autologous stem cells to support the nucleus pulposus (NP) regeneration in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Herein, we aim to study the mechanism underlying the effects of BMSC-derived extracellular vesicles (BMSC-EVs) on nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) in IDD. Methods. EVs were isolated from BMSCs. An IDD model was surgically established in C57BL/6J mice. NPCs were exposed to tBHP to establish an IDD cell model. RNA sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed circRNAs in NP tissues harvested from mice with IDD. Interactions among circ_0050205, miR-665, and GPX4 were validated, and different interventions were used to study the roles of these molecules in NPC biological functions. Results. BMSC-EVs promoted NPC survival and inhibited NPC apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. circ_0050205 expression was downregulated in the NP tissues of IDD mice, and BMSC-EVs facilitated NPC survival and suppressed ECM degradation in NPCs by transferring circ_0050205. circ_0050205 sponged miR-665 and upregulated GPX4 expression. BMSC-EVs expressing circ_0050205 promoted NPC survival-inhibited ECM degradation in NPCs and alleviated IDD in mice via the miR-665/GPX4 axis. Conclusion. In conclusion, BMSC-EVs promoted NPC survival-inhibited ECM degradation in NPCs and attenuated IDD progression via the circ_0050205/miR-665/GPX4 axis.
Analysis of Internet Public Opinion Popularity Trend Based on a Deep Neural Network
Authors: Gong Min
Published: July 2022

In the context dominated by Internet communication, people’s various emotions can be clearly reflected through network public opinion, whether it is the view of political affairs, the preference for entertainment, or the demand for life. This also allows management or providers to meet their needs more specifically. Based on today’s need to understand the trend of Internet public opinion, this paper describes a deep neural network (DNN). A deep neural network is a machine learning model that is the foundation of deep learning and has a strong ability to mine potential information in data. By improving the loss function of the neural network, this paper reduces the influence of unbalanced data on the classification results and improves the classification effect of the model on a small number of categories. Aiming at the different lengths of Internet text, a more robust model of text sentiment classification is proposed, which makes the HCB-Att model better extract the local information and contextual information of the text. Finally, through comparative experiments, the optimization model used in this paper is proved to be effective for the analysis of network public opinion sentiment.
A Deep Learning-Enabled Composition System Based on Piano Score Recognition
Authors: Shang Rui
Published: July 2022

Piano is used for music and comprises a stringed keyboard instrument wherein the strings are tapped by softer-coated wooden hammers. The score providing music for the piano, often a compressed transcription of orchestral music, is referred to as piano score. Presently, the Internet is overflowing with music score resources. Having so many music score resources available, professional learners and amateur music lovers are unable to identify and obtain music score information that matches their needs and wasting valuable time. Due to the rapid development of deep learning algorithms, some individuals utilize these algorithms to detect piano scores and construct composition systems, reducing the need of traditional machine learning algorithms on manual design and music knowledge guidelines. This paper uses the deep learning algorithm to construct piano score recognition framework based on K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm and formulates the recognition system into multinote that significantly improves the recognition rate for the system. The self-attention mechanism is then introduced in order to build a composition system based on a deep learning algorithm in which composition training and processes are described. Finally, a comparative experiment is conducted to evaluate the recognition accuracy for the KNN-based piano score recognition system. The results show that highest recognition accuracy of this system is 67.5%. The effect of composition system is evaluated based on prediction accuracy of notes. Three experiments are conducted to train the composition notes. As a result, the prediction accuracy of experiments 1, 2, and 3 is 89.2%, 91.8%, and 92.7%, respectively, indicating that the system has a high prediction accuracy and a perfect composition effect.
Recovering Voiding and Sex Function in a Patient with Chronic Complete Spinal Cord Injury by Olfactory Ensheathing Cell Transplantation
Authors: Chen Di , Xi Haitao , Tan Ke , Huang Hongyun
Published: July 2022

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is life-altering damage for patients, their family, and society. Transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells has demonstrated neurorestoration effects for many neurological conditions, including SCI. But voiding and sex dysfunction in patients with chronic complete SCI is still a major issue even though neurorestorative therapies can restore their partial neurological functions. Here we report a case with traumatic complete SCI at the level of C6-C7 one year ago, who received OEC transplantation with intensive neurorehabilitation. The patient started to show clinical improvements within a few days after cell treatment. Six-year follow-up demonstrated his American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA)-Impairment Scale change from ASIA A to become ASIA C. The scores of International Association of Neurorestoratology Spinal Cord Injury Functional Rating Scale changed from 14 (prior to cell therapy) to 31 + 3 (six years after cell therapy). His main improvements in activity of daily life included eating, dressing and writing by himself, standing and walking, and urine control or voiding. His sex function recovered to be normal. He married and had a son through natural sex life. His improving functions and activities of daily life stayed stable in subsequent phone call follow-up. This was one individual case report. In the future, the deep mechanisms of why he got positive results, but other patients with similar condition did not get so much benefits from OEC transplantation should be explored.
The Properties of Maximal Filters in Multilattices
Authors: Awouafack Daquin Cédric , Fouotsa Emmanuel
Published: July 2022

Jacobson’s radical of a filter F is the intersection of all maximal filters containing F. We present several properties of maximal filters in multilattices. As a consequence of Zorn’s lemma, we prove that each proper filter is contained in a maximal filter. When the filter lattice is distributive, we prove that each maximal filter is prime. Finally, we determine Jacobson’s radical of filters in multilattices.