bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СХИЛЬНОСТІ ДО РИЗИКУ У МАЙБУТНІХ ФАХІВЦІВ ДСНС УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Оніщенко Н. , Платонов В.
Published: October 2021

Діяльність фахівця ДСНС України пов’язана з ризиком для життя та постійними стресовими ситуаціями. Щоб ефективно виконувати службові обов’язки, рятувальнику здебільшого приходиться йти на ризиковані дії та приймати рішення в умовах обмеженого часу. Визначено, що схильність до ризику носить інтегральний характер, тобто включає в себе індивідуальні, професійні, психологічні та інші характеристики особистості. У дослідженні виділено зв’язок індивідуально-психологічних особливостей особистості та схильності до ризику у майбутніх фахівців Державної служби України з надзвичайних ситуації.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПРОЯВУ ВНУТРІШНЬООСОБИСТІСНИХ КОНФЛІКТІВ У ВИХОВАНЦІВ ВІЙСЬКОВОГО ЛІЦЕЮ ПІДЛІТКОВОГО ВІКУ
Authors: Станішевська В.
Published: October 2021

У статті розкриваються психологічні особливості внутрішньоособистісних конфліктіву у вихованців військового ліцею підліткового віку. Зазначається, що основні психологічні утворення цього віку (розвиток свідомості на рівні самосвідомості, розвиток понятійного мислення і розвиток «почуття дорослості») створюють умови для розвитку нових потреб, незадоволення яких призводить до аномальної зміни особистості, розвитку кризових станів і, як наслідок, до невротичних явищ.
ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ МЕХАНІЗМИ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ СВІДОМОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ ПСИХОЛОГІВ У ЗАКЛАДІ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Гриньова Н.
Published: October 2021

У статті розкриваються психологічні механізми становлення професійної свідомості майбутніх психологів у закладі вищої освіти, якими можна вважати професійну установку, професійну адаптацію, професійну рефлексію, цілепокладання і професійну самооцінку.
RELIGIOUS FAITH AS AN INTEGRATOR OF THE INTERNAL CONTRADICTION OF THE PSYCHOLOGY OF PERSONALITY
Authors: Kalashnik І. , Franchuk О. , Diachkova О.
Published: October 2021

Стаття присвячена аналізу виявів інтеграційно-дезінтеграційних процесів в релігійній вірі. Увага акцентується на інтеграційному аспекті релігійності і особливостях її прояву в архетипній символіці. Стверджується, що усвідомлення деструктивних тенденцій суб'єктом відкриває перспективи їх психокорекції і ослаблення, що сприяє розвитку конструктивних форм віри.

Головною метою статті є  аналіз інтеграційно-дезінтеграційних  процесів в контексті релігійної вири.

Аналіз наукових джерел. Проблема інтеграції та дезінтеграції в контексті релігійної віри представлена в роботах: М. О. Бердяєв, О. Кернберга,  Дж. Макдугала, Є. Ноймана, О. Ранка, З. Фрейда, Е. Фромма, К.Г. Юнга та інших й окреслена як механізми, що лежать в основі внутрішньої суперечності психіки, і є однією з особливостей взаємозв’язків між сферою свідомого та несвідомого.

Виклад основного матеріалу. На особистісному рівні інтеграція являє собою стан узгодженості всіх складових елементів, риси та якостей особистості. Механізм інтеграції нерозривно пов'язаний з дезінтеграцією яка представляє зворотній рух та задає певною мірою, поштовх інтеграційним процесам. Релігійна віра базується на інфантильному досвіді, це є повторення дитячого періоду переживання страху покарання, відторгнення батьками, та водночас боязкість  могутності оточуючого світу.

Висновки. З’ясовано, що процеси інтеграції та дезінтеграції лежать в основі внутрішньої суперечності психіки та знаходять вияв у релігійній вірі. Механізми інтеграції та дезінтеграції знаходять вираження в архетипній релігійній символіці, де набувають змістовно індивідуальної вираженості. Перевалювання в інтеграційних процесах дезінтеграції є наслідком соціалізації особи, яка зумовлює табуювання, а з тим і витіснення лібідних почуттів, що задає деструктивну спрямованість психіки. Об’єктивація та усвідомлення суб’єктом глибинних витоків особистісної проблеми сприяє послабленню гостроти суперечливих тенденцій його психіки.
ЩОДО ОБГРУНТУВАННЯ ТЕОРЕТИЧНОЇ МОДЕЛІ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ АДАПТАЦІЇ МАЙБУТНІХ ПЕДАГОГІВ
Authors: Кoзaк О.
Published: October 2021

У статті здійснено обґрунтування теоретичної моделі професійної адаптації майбутніх педагогів. Зазначається, що теоретична модель професійної адаптації майбутніх педагогів містить структурно-функціональний і динамічний компоненти.
ПСИХОЛОГІЧНА СЛУЖБА ДСНС УКРАЇНИ ЯК СУБ’ЄКТ ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНИХ РІШЕНЬ І ФОРМ РОБОТИ КАБІНЕТУ ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОГО РОЗВАНТАЖЕННЯ ПЕРСОНАЛУ ОРСЦЗ
Authors: Кришталь М. , Фомич М. , Дячкова О.
Published: October 2021

Розглянуто діяльність психологічної служби ДСНС України як організаційної форми практичної психології та суб’єкта впровадження інноваційних рішень і форм роботи кабінету психологічного розвантаження персоналу ОРСЦЗ. Розкрито організаційну структуру, напрями, завдання та функції Служби. З’ясовано особливості функціонування кабінету психологічного розвантаження персоналу ОРСЦЗ. Встановлено, що з огляду на сучасний зміст діяльності персоналу ОРСЦЗ, застарілість нормативно-правової бази, що регламентує порядок роботи кабінету, актуальними є завдання, пов’язані із розробкою нової системи їхнього функціонування, де психологічна служба є суб’єктом впровадження інноваційних рішень і форм роботи.
ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ПРОБЛЕМИ СТВОРЕННЯ ПОЗИТИВНОГО ІМІДЖУ КЕРІВНИКА ПЕДАГОГІЧНОГО КОЛЕКТИВУ
Authors: Кузьменко Ю.
Published: October 2021

У статті висвітлено сучасні підходи у психології щодо проблеми створення позитивного іміджу керівника педагогічного колективу. Зазначається, що він сам вибудовує власний індивідуально-особистісний і професійний імідж. Чим помітніше проявляються в іміджі керівника його самобутні характеристики, що сприяють досягненню стійкого товариського і ділового успіху, тим колоритніше з'являється він перед людьми як персона, що заслуговує на особливу увагу.
Outcomes and Prognostic Factors in Patients with Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor
Authors: Hongsaprabhas Chindanai , Muangsomboon Sorranart , Chandhanayingyong Chandhanarat , Phimolsarnti Rapin , Waikakul Saranatra , Asavamongkolkul Apichat
Published: October 2021

Objective: To investigate and report the clinical profiles, treatment patterns, and oncologic outcomes in MPNST patients, and to identify the prognostic factors that significantly affect survival.Materials and Methods: Patients diagnosed with and treated for histologically confirmed MPNST at our institute during the January 1997 to June 2018 study period were included. Patient medical records and surgical specimens were reviewed, and study-related data was extracted and analyzed.Results: There were 27 males and 32 females with a mean age of 44 years. Most patients presented with mass and most patients were AJCC stage III. Twenty-nine percent of patients had MPNST that was associated with NF-1. At a median follow-up time, 18 patients (30.51%) suffered from local disease recurrence. Two-year and 5-year overall survival was 72% and 46%, respectively. In univariate analysis, chemotherapy treatment and positive tumor margin were adverse prognostic factors for disease-free survival. In multivariate analysis, chemotherapy treatment (hazard ratio (HR): 3.415, 95% CI: 1.367-16.021; p=0.013) and positive tumor margin (HR: 4.680, 95% CI 1.828-10.314; p=0.014) were found to be independent prognostic factors for disease-free.Conclusion: Chemotherapy treatment and positive tumor margin were identified as independent adverse prognostic factors for disease-free and overall survival, respectively. Accordingly, early detection and appropriate treatment are essential for improved patient outcome.
Rasio CAMELS dan Praktik Manajemen Laba di Perbankan Syariah
Authors: Mahadianto Moh. Yudi
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi apakah terdapat Praktik Manajemen Laba di Bank Syariah dan adakah pengaruh Rasio CAMELS baik secara bersama-sama maupun individual dalam Praktik Manajemen Laba. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan perbankan syariah di Indonesia yang dipublikasikan berdasarkan data Bank Indonesia (BI) periode 2017-2019, Berdasarkan data statistik terdapat 11 Bank Umum Syariah (BUS) dan 23 Unit Usaha Syariah (UUS). Hasilnya, ada indikasi praktik manajemen laba pada  Bank Syariah. Menunjukkan bahwa para manajer Bank Syariah melakukan intervensi dalam proses penyusunan laporan keuangan dengan menaikkan atau menurunkan laba untuk kepentingan tertentu. Manfaat penelitian bagi akademisi, dapat menambah dan memberikan kontribusi pada pengembangan kajian teoritis, literatur dalam bidang Manajemen dan Akuntansi khususnya Perbankan Syariah. Dan Bagi praktisi, menilai kinerja Bank dalam mencapai target yang telah ditetapkan sehingga dapat mengelola Sumber Daya yang dimilikinya untuk menetapkan kebijakan-kebijakan yang tepat.
Consumer Knowledge and Decisions Becoming Customer Islamic Microfinance Institutions
Authors: Qurratulaini Intan
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of consumer knowledge about Islamic banking on the decision to become a customer at a Sharia Microfinance Institution (LKMS). A research method is a quantitative approach, where data is obtained through questionnaires (questionnaires), interviews, and documentation. After the data was obtained, the researcher analyzed it using regression analysis. Partial calculation results show that consumer knowledge about Islamic banking influences the decision to become a customer. One of the toughest challenges that many LKMS are now facing is the many accusations that LKMS is just conventional financial institutions with a sharia label added. LKMS consumers, becoming customers only want to secure their money or because of the profit-sharing offered by LKMS so that they can facilitate their economic path, besides that, they are also interested in the Islamic label or sharia system developed by the LKMS but in detail, they do not understand the process of implementing the sharia, but whether One's knowledge of sharia in the LKMS is a factor in the decision to become an interesting customer for further investigation.
Efek Moderasi Kepemimpinan Etis pada Pengaruh Etika Kerja Islami terhadap Kinerja Adaptif
Authors: Ali Nur
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini berfokus pada hubungan antara etika kerja islami (IWE) dan kinerja adaptif dengan peran mediasi perilaku kerja inovatif (IWB) dan peran moderasi kepemimpinan etis di antara karyawan sektor perhotelan di Jombang.  Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner dari 74 karyawan yang bekerja di 13 hotel di seluruh Jombang. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa IWE secara signifikan memprediksi kinerja adaptif baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung melalui IWB. Selain itu hasil juga mengkonfirmasi peran moderasi kepemimpinan etis antara IWE dan IWB.
Nano Silicon Composite with Gelatin/Melamine Derived N-doped Carbon as an Efficient Anode Material for Li-ion Batteries
Authors: Nulu Venugopal
Published: October 2021

Silicon (Si) has a high theoretical capacity and low working potential vs. Li/Li+, and has been investigated as the most capable negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, Si undergoes significant volume changes during the Li+ alloying/ dealloying processes, leading to unstable cycle life and limiting its practical applicability in anodes. Introducing carbon into the Si anodes can effectively address the Si drawbacks, while providing advantages of improved conductivity and structural stability. In this study we choose gelatin/ melamine combination as an eco-friendly and cost-effective source for nitrogendoped carbon to make a Si composite. The prepared composite was studied as an anode material for LIBs, and it delivered excellent cyclability with 2175 mAh g-1 capacity after 50 cycles with 86% capacity retention at 200 mA g-1. The composite exhibited superior rate capability and improved Li+ diffusion properties compared with bare Si nanoparticles (Si NP). The significant enhancement could be attributed to the structural stability and conductivity provided by the nitrogen-doped carbon matrix. This work promotes emerging batteries with low-cost materials as a promising solution for increasing energy storage requirements.
Electrochemical Corrosion Resistance and Electrical Conductivity of Three-Dimensionally Interconnected Graphene-Reinforced Cu Composites
Authors: Li Xue , Ahmed Ateeq , Choi Byung-Sang
Published: October 2021

A three-dimensionally interconnected graphene-reinforced Cu (3Di Gr-Cu) composite was synthesized using a simple two-step process technique which involves the mechanical compaction of micronsized Cu particles followed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at 995 ℃. The microstructural properties of pure Cu and the 3Di Gr-Cu composite were investigated by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffractometer. The electrical and corrosion behaviors of the 3Di Gr-Cu composite and Cu only, prepared by powder metallurgy (PM Cu), were studied and compared. The electrical conductivity (EC) of the 3Di Gr-Cu composites was found to be 38.8 MSm−1 at a carbon content of 73 ppm, and exhibited a 12% higher EC than the PM Cu. Due to the interconnected graphene around the Cu grains, the corrosion current density and corrosion rate of the 3Di Gr-Cu composite decreased by 29% and 40%, respectively, compared to the PM Cu. The EC of the 3Di Gr-Cu composite depended on the carbon content. The improvement in the EC of the 3Di Gr-Cu composite is attributed to the electron-carrying ability of the three-dimensionally interconnected graphene network (3DIGN) formed at the grain boundaries in the composite. The enhancement in corrosion resistance is due to the impermeability of graphene to various chemical species.
Formation of the international protection of technical means of protection
Authors: Drobiazko Volodymyr
Published: October 2021

Drobyazko V. Formation of the international protection of technical means of  protection. The statute considers the establishment of international protection of technical means of protection in the field of copyright and related rights, analyzes the relevant WIPO documents, the provisions of articles 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty (WCT) and 18 of the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty (WPPT), their innovative character is justified, The analysis of the provisions of the Law of Ukraine «On Copyright and Related Rights» on the protection of technical means of protection of works and objects of related rights is carried out.

Technical means are effective when the use of a protected work or an object of related rights is controlled by the owner of the rights by applying access control or aprotection method, such as encoding, or such as a copy control mechanism for the purpose of protection.According to Article 11 of the WCT and Article 18 of the WPPT, the Contracting Parties shall offer for proper legal protection and effective remedies against circumventing existing technical means used by holders of rights in connection with the exercise of their rights under these agreements and restricting actions with regard to their works, performances or phonograms, which are not permitted by them or are not permitted by law.In the process of enforcing these treaties, it became clear that it was impossible to offer legal protection and effective legal remedies against circumvention if the protection and legal remedies did not extend to preparatory actions. That is, legal protection and effective legal remedies should also be provided for protection against the manufacture, import, distribution, sale, rental, advertising for sale or rental, or for the commercial use of devices, products or components, or from providing services that: promote, advertise, or sell in rounds; or have only a limited commercial business a significant purpose, or use, other than to get around; or are primarily designed, manufactured, remade, or implemented to offer a workaround or to aid in bypassing any effective technical means.Keywords: copyright, related rights, technical remedies, circumvention, effectiveactions against violation of rights
Features of copyright protection of some specific works of contemporary art
Authors: Ulitina Olha
Published: October 2021

Ulitina O. Features of copyright protection of some specific works of contemporary art. The article is devoted to the legal protection issues of the atypical objects of copyright, which belong to modern arts. The place and role of such objects in the system of copyright objects are defined. Based on the study of doctrinal provisionson such atypical objects, their differences from traditional objects of copyright are determined. In article it is also indicated how the place of such objects in the system of contemporary art influences it.An analysis of the Ukrainian legislation and the foreign countries legislation in this area was made, and it allowed to identify such atypical objects in the system of modern art works and in the system of copyright objects.Contemporary art is interesting and complex phenomenon, which is characterized by the great influence of technology, rapid development and large profits. Today, as never before, we can say that creativity can benefit its creator, and art is becoming more accessible to anyone who wants to create something.New platforms for creativity often appear. Frequently they are free of charge, and help new authors to gain an audience and become popular. This process can be observed in almost all creative fields. That has given the impetus to the rapid development and rise of all manifestations of art.Of course, the Internet influences thisprocess the most. The Internet provides access to great opportunities for creating works and promoting them among content consumers. The Internet quickly makes talented people rich and popular, but it also quickly makes people forget about yesterday's idols.However, such processes are beneficial for the art development and modern culture strengthening. They lead to the new arts emergence and to the development of culture and creativity in general, as well as attract funds to the creative industries.This situation leads to the emergence of new atypical copyright objects, which remain outside the legal regulation, and sometimes are found on the verge of infringement of copyright and related rights.Due to the opportunities created by technological and technical development, creativity becomes more accessible, art becomes the prerogative not only of professional artists, but of ordinary talented people. This leads to the emergence of new interesting types of works, the legal status of which is sometimes quite difficult to determine. So the article is dedicated to the issues of legal regulating of this new atypical copyright objects.Key words: copyright, untypical objects, copyright protection
Communicating Climate Risk: A Toolkit
Authors: Walton Jo Lindsay , Levontin Polina , Barons Martine J. , Workman Mark , Mackie Erik , Kleineberg Jana
Published: October 2021

The Communicating Climate Risk toolkit draws together best practice on the effective communication of climate information from across STEM, social sciences, and arts and humanities. It provides users with insights, recommendations, and tools for all forms of climate-related communication and decision-making, and identifies open problems.
КРИЗИС ЛИБЕРАЛЬНОЙ МОДЕЛИ ЗДОРОВЬЯ КАК ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНОГО РЕСУРСА В СИТУАЦИИ ПАНДЕМИИ COVID-19
Authors: Сабурова Людмила Альбертовна
Published: October 2021

В статье поднимается вопрос о соответствии либеральной модели здоровья вызовам, с которыми столкнулось человечество в ситуации пандемии COVID-19. Либеральная модель здоровья, которая укоренилась в повседневных практиках в последние десятилетия, подразумевает индивидуальную ответственность за здоровье, понимание здоровья как личного ресурса и результата личного выбора. Инвестиции в здоровье в этой модели предполагают свободный выбор из богатого спектра инструментов, предлагаемых рыночной экономикой и разнообразием традиционных и альтернативных дискурсов в сфере здоровья. В ситуации пандемии, которая, с одной стороны, накладывает административные ограничения на повседневную жизнь, а, с другой – не предлагает в информационном поле релевантных инструментов сохранения здоровья, возможности выбора индивидуальных путей сохранения здоровья радикально сужаются. Весь спектр образцов поведения располагается на шкале «ковидофобия» – «ковидоскепсис». В статье выдвигается предположение, что выбор позиции по этой шкале сегодня определяется мерой легитимности власти и официальной медицины в представлении выбирающего. Делается вывод, что именно поэтому вопросы сохранения здоровья неизбежно политизируются, а либеральная модель здоровья будет претерпевать значительные трансформации.
A Novel Plant Leaf Patch Absorbed With IL-33 Antibody Decreases Venous Neointimal hyperplasia
Authors: Xie Boao , Bai Xiche , Sun Peng , Zhang Liwei , Wei Shunbo , Bai Hualong
Published: October 2021

Introduction: We recently showed that a decellularized leaf scaffold can be loaded with polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)-based rapamycin nanoparticles, this leaf patch can then inhibit venous neointimal hyperplasia in a rat inferior vena cava (IVC) venoplasty model. IL-33 plays a role in the neointimal formation after vascular injury. We hypothesized that plant leaves can absorb therapeutic drug solution and can be used as a patch with drug delivery capability, and plant leaves absorbed with IL-33 antibody can decrease venous neointimal hyperplasia in the rat IVC venoplasty model.

Method: A human spiral saphenous vein (SVG) graft implanted in the popliteal vein was harvested from a patient with trauma and analyzed by immunofluorescence. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (aged 6–8 weeks) were used to create the IVC patch venoplasty model. Plant leaves absorbed with rhodamine, distilled water (control), rapamycin, IL-33, and IL-33 antibody were cut into patches (3 × 1.5 mm2) and implanted into the rat IVC. Patches were explanted at day 14 for analysis.

Result: At day 14, in the patch absorbed with rhodamine group, immunofluorescence showed rhodamine fluorescence in the neointima, inside the patch, and in the adventitia. There was a significantly thinner neointima in the plant patch absorbed with rapamycin (p = 0.0231) compared to the patch absorbed with distilled water. There was a significantly large number of IL-33 (p = 0.006) and IL-1β (p = 0.012) positive cells in the human SVG neointima compared to the human great saphenous vein. In rats, there was a significantly thinner neointima, a smaller number of IL-33 (p = 0.0006) and IL-1β (p = 0.0008) positive cells in the IL-33 antibody-absorbed patch group compared to the IL-33-absorbed patch group.

Conclusion: We found that the natural absorption capability of plant leaves means they can absorb drug solution efficiently and can also be used as a novel drug delivery system and venous patch. IL-33 plays a role in venous neointimal hyperplasia both in humans and rats; neutralization of IL-33 by IL-33 antibody can be a therapeutic method to decrease venous neointimal hyperplasia.
Enhancing the Stability and Photothermal Conversion Efficiency of ICG by Pillar[5]arene-Based Host-Guest Interaction
Authors: Ding Yue , Wang Chenwei , Lu Bing , Yao Yong
Published: October 2021

Indocyanine green (ICG) is a classical near-infrared (NIR) photothermal reagent that can be employed in clinical medical detection. Under neutral conditions, ICG can adsorb NIR light effectively for photothermal (PTT) and photodynamic (PDT) therapy. However, ICG is easily degraded in weak acid environments, which seriously restricts its application. In this work, a cationic water-soluble pillar[5]arene (WP5) was selected as the stabilizing agent for ICG. Thanks to the host-guest interaction between WP5 and alkyl sulfonate, the stability and the photothermal conversion efficiency of ICG increased remarkably upon addition of WP5 as investigated by UV-vis spectrum and photothermal studies. Furthermore, an in vitro study showed higher efficiency of WP5&ICG in killing cancer cells in a shorter treatment time than the free ICG. Hence, it is hopeful that WP5 can be a new type of supramolecular host in enhancing the stability and photothermal conversion efficiency of photosensitizers.
Antifungal Susceptibility Profiles and Resistance Mechanisms of Clinical Diutina catenulata Isolates With High MIC Values
Authors: Chen Xin-Fei , Zhang Wei , Fan Xin , Hou Xin , Liu Xiao-Yu , Huang Jing-Jing , Kang Wei , Zhang Ge , Zhang Han , Yang Wen-Hang , Li Ying-Xing , Wang Jin-Wen , Guo Da-Wen , Sun Zi-Yong , Chen Zhong-Ju , Zou Ling-Gui , Du Xue-Fei , Pan Yu-Hong , Li Bin , He Hong , Xu Ying-Chun
Published: October 2021

Diutina catenulata (Candida catenulata) is an ascomycete yeast species widely used in environmental and industrial research and capable of causing infections in humans and animals. At present, there are only a few studies on D. catenulata, and further research is required for its more in-depth characterization and analysis. Eleven strains of D. catenulata collected from China Hospital Invasive Fungal Surveillance Net (CHIF-NET) and the CHIF-NET North China Program were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry and internal transcribed spacer sequencing. The antifungal susceptibility of the Diutina catenulata strains was tested using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution method and Sensititre YeastOne™. Furthermore, ERG11 and FKS1 were sequenced to determine any mutations related to azole and echinocandin resistance in D. catenulata. All isolates exhibited low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for itraconazole (0.06–0.12 μg/ml), posaconazole (0.06–0.12 μg/ml), amphotericin B (0.25–1 μg/ml), and 5-flucytosine (range, <0.06–0.12 μg/ml), whereas four isolates showed high MICs (≥4 μg/ml) for echinocandins. Strains with high MIC values for azoles showed common ERG11 mutations, namely, F126L/K143R. In addition, L139R mutations may be linked to high MICs of fluconazole. Two amino acid alterations reported to correspond to high MIC values of echinocandin, namely, F621I (F641) and S625L (S645), were found in the hot spot 1 region of FKS1. In addition, one new amino acid alteration, I1348S (I1368), was found outside of the FKS1 hot spot 2 region, and its contribution to echinocandin resistance requires future investigation. Diutina catenulata mainly infects patients with a weak immune system, and the high MIC values for various antifungals exhibited by these isolates may represent a challenge to clinical treatment.
Plasma Metabolomics Reveals Metabolic Profiling For Diabetic Retinopathy and Disease Progression
Authors: Sun Yu , Zou Huiling , Li Xingjia , Xu Shuhang , Liu Chao
Published: October 2021

Backgrounds

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), the main retinal vascular complication of DM, is the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness among working-age people worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the difference of plasma metabolic profiles in patients with DR to better understand the mechanism of this disease and disease progression.

Methods

We used ultrahigh-performance liquid Q-Exactive mass spectrometry and multivariate statistical analyses to conduct a comprehensive analysis of plasma metabolites in a population with DR and proliferative DR (PDR). A risk score based on the level of the selected metabolite was established and evaluated using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regularization logistic regression (LASSO-LR) based machine learning model.

Results

22 differentially expressed metabolites which belonged to different metabolic pathway were identified and confirmed to be associated with the occurrence of DR. A risk score based on the level of the selected metabolite pseudouridine was established and evaluated to strongly associated with the occurrence of DR. Four circulating plasma metabolites (pseudouridine, glutamate, leucylleucine and N-acetyltryptophan) were identified to be differentially expressed between patients with PDR and other patients, and a risk score formula based on these plasma metabolites was developed and assessed to be significantly related to PDR.

Conclusions

Our work highlights the possible use of the risk score assessment based on the plasma metabolites not only reveal in the early diagnosis of DR and PDR but also assist in enhancing current therapeutic strategies in the clinic.
Metallic Iron for Environmental Remediation: The Fallacy of the Electron Efficiency Concept
Authors: Hu Rui , Ndé-Tchoupé Arnaud Igor , Cao Viet , Gwenzi Willis , Noubactep Chicgoua
Published: October 2021

The suitability of remediation systems using metallic iron (Fe0) has been extensively discussed during the past 3 decades. It has been established that aqueous Fe0 oxidative dissolution is not caused by the presence of any contaminant. Instead, the reductive transformation of contaminants is a consequence of Fe0 oxidation. Yet researchers are still maintaining that electrons from the metal body are involved in the process of contaminant reduction. According to the electron efficiency concept, electrons from Fe0 should be redistributed to: i) contaminants of concern (COCs), ii) natural reducing agents (e.g., H2O, O2), and/or iii) reducible co-contaminants (e.g. NO3-). The electron efficiency is defined as the fraction of electrons from Fe0 oxidation which is utilized for the reductive transformations of COCs. This concept is in frontal contradiction with the view that Fe0 is not directly involved in the process of contaminant reduction. This communication recalls the universality of the concept that reductive processes observed in remediation Fe0/H2O systems are mediated by primary (e.g., FeII, H/H2) and secondary (e.g., Fe3O4, green rusts) products of aqueous iron corrosion. The critical evaluation of the electron efficiency concept suggests that it should be abandoned. Instead, research efforts should be directed towards tackling the real challenges for the design of sustainable Fe0-based water treatment systems based on fundamental mechanisms of iron corrosion.
Do Diversified Export, Agriculture, and Cleaner Energy Consumption Induce Atmospheric Pollution in Asia? Application of Method of Moments Quantile Regression
Authors: Rehman Mubeen Abdur , Fareed Zeeshan , Salem Sultan , Kanwal Asma , Pata Ugur Korkut
Published: October 2021

Sustainable development remains unattainable unless we move to reduce the negative impact of economic factors on environmental quality. It is noteworthy to provide new evidence on whether and how the empirical association between export diversification, agricultural value-addition, renewable energy, and regulatory quality with greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions evolved in Asian countries from 1996 to 2014. The study examines the relationships between these variables using current panel data techniques. The econometric procedure includes second-generation cointegration and unit root tests together with a novel Method of Movements Quantile Regression (MMQR). This approach offers an asymmetric relationship between the variables and is very robust to outliers compared to traditional quantile regression. The empirical outcomes show that export diversification, renewable energy, and regulatory quality are significantly and negatively associated with GHG emissions. In contrast, agricultural value-added in Asia has become a source of increased GHG emissions. Our findings are also robust with alternate specifications, including fully modified, dynamic and fixed effect regressions. This study will help policymakers for diversifying their export portfolio while ensuring a sustainable environment in Asia.
A Web Portal for Communicating Polygenic Risk Score Results for Health Care Use—The P5 Study
Authors: Marjonen Heidi , Marttila Minttu , Paajanen Teemu , Vornanen Marleena , Brunfeldt Minna , Joensuu Anni , Halmesvaara Otto , Aro Kimmo , Alanne-Kinnunen Mervi , Jousilahti Pekka , Borodulin Katja , Koskinen Seppo , Tuomi Tiinamaija , Ilanne-Parikka Pirjo , Lindström Jaana , Laine Merja K. , Auro Kirsi , Kääriäinen Helena , Perola Markus , Kristiansson Kati
Published: October 2021

We present a method for communicating personalized genetic risk information to citizens and their physicians using a secure web portal. We apply the method for 3,177 Finnish individuals in the P5 Study where estimates of genetic and absolute risk, based on genetic and clinical risk factors, of future disease are reported to study participants, allowing individuals to participate in managing their own health. Our method facilitates using polygenic risk score as a personalized tool to estimate a person’s future disease risk while offering a way for health care professionals to utilize the polygenic risk scores as a preventive tool in patient care.
Roles of HMGBs in Prognosis and Immunotherapy: A Pan-Cancer Analysis
Authors: Lin Tong , Zhang Yingzhao , Lin Zhimei , Peng Lisheng
Published: October 2021

Background: High mobility group box (HMGB) proteins are DNA chaperones involved in transcription, DNA repair, and genome stability. Extracellular HMGBs also act as cytokines to promote inflammatory and immune responses. Accumulating evidence has suggested that HMGBs are implicated in cancer pathogenesis; however, their prognostic and immunological values in pan-cancer are not completely clear.

Methods: Multiple tools were applied to analyze the expression, genetic alternations, and prognostic and clinicopathological relevance of HMGB in pan-cancer. Correlations between HMGB expression and tumor immune-infiltrating cells (TIICs), immune checkpoint (ICP) expression, microsatellite instability (MSI), and tumor mutational burden (TMB) in pan-cancer were investigated to uncover their interactions with the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted for correlated genes of HMGBs to expound potential mechanisms.

Results: HMGB expression was significantly elevated in various cancers. Both prognostic and clinicopathological significance was observed for HMGB1 in ACC; HMGB2 in ACC, LGG, LIHC, and SKCM; and HMGB3 in ESCA. Prognostic values were also found for HMGB2 in KIRP and MESO and HMGB3 in BRCA, SARC, SKCM, OV, and LAML. The global alternation of HMGBs showed prognostic significance in ACC, KIRC, and UCEC. Furthermore, HMGBs were significantly correlated with TIIC infiltration, ICP expression, MSI, and TMB in various cancers, indicating their regulations on the TIME. Lastly, results of GSEA-illuminated genes positively correlated with HMGBs which were similarly chromosome components participating in DNA activity-associated events.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that HMGBs might be promising predictive biomarkers for the prognosis and immunotherapeutic response, also immunotherapy targets of multiple cancers.
ACSL1 Inhibits ALV-J Replication by IFN-Ⅰ Signaling and PI3K/Akt Pathway
Authors: Zhang Qihong , Xie Tingting , Mo Guodong , Zhang Zihao , Lin Ling , Zhang Xiquan
Published: October 2021

J subgroup avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) infection causes serious immunosuppression problems, leading to hematopoietic malignancy tumors in chicken. It has been demonstrated that interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) could limit ALV-J replication; nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Here, we demonstrate that Long-chain Acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1) is an interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene that specifically restricts the replication of ALV-J due to the higher IFN-I production. More importantly, ACSL1 induces primary monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) to pro-inflammatory phenotypic states during ALV-J infection, and ACSL1 mediates apoptosis through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in ALV-J-infected primary monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). Overall, these results provide evidence that ACSL1 contributes to the antiviral response against ALV-J.
Individual vs. Combined Short-Term Effects of Soil Pollutants on Colony Founding in a Common Ant Species
Authors: Seidenath Dimitri , Holzinger Anja , Kemnitz Klara , Langhof Nico , Lücker Darleen , Opel Thorsten , Otti Oliver , Feldhaar Heike
Published: October 2021

Insects are integral to terrestrial life and provide essential ecosystem functions such as pollination and nutrient cycling. Due to massive declines in insect biomass, abundance, or species richness in recent years, the focus has turned to find their causes. Anthropogenic pollution is among the main drivers of insect declines. Research addressing the effects of pollutants concentrates on aquatic insects and pollinators, despite the apparent risk of contaminated soils. Pollutants accumulating in the soil might pose a significant threat because concentrations tend to be high and different pollutants are present simultaneously. Here, we exposed queens of the black garden ant Lasius niger at the colony founding stage to different concentrations and combinations of pollutants (brake dust, soot, microplastic particles and fibers, manure) to determine dose-dependent effects and interactions between stressors. As proxies for colony founding success, we measured queen survival, the development time of the different life stages, the brood weight, and the number of offspring. Over the course of the experiment queen mortality was very low and similar across treatments. Only high manure concentrations affected the colony founding success. Eggs from queens exposed to high manure concentrations took longer to hatch, which resulted in a delayed emergence of workers. Also, fewer pupae and workers were raised by those queens. Brake dust, soot and plastic particles did not visibly affect colony founding success, neither as single nor as multiple stressors. The application of manure, however, affected colony founding in L. niger negatively underlining the issue of excessive manure application to our environment. Even though anthropogenic soil pollutants seem to have little short-term effects on ant colony founding, studies will have to elucidate potential long-term effects as a colony grows.
Characteristics of Ichthyoplankton Communities and Their Relationship With Environmental Factors Above the Ninety East Ridge, Eastern Indian Ocean
Authors: Zhang Liyan , Zhang Jing , Liu Shigang , Wang Rui , Xiang Jiali , Miao Xing , Zhang Ran , Song Puqing , Lin Longshan
Published: October 2021

The Ninety East Ridge is a submarine north–south oriented volcanic ridge in the eastern Indian Ocean. Surface-layer ichthyoplankton collected in this area from September to October were identified by combined morphological and molecular (DNA barcoding) techniques, and their species composition, diversity, and abundance, and correlations with environmental variables were described. Collections comprised 109 larvae and 507 eggs, which were identified to 37 taxa in 7 orders, 20 families, and 27 genera, and were dominated by the order Perciformes and species Vinciguerria sp., Oxyporhamphus micropterus, and Decapterus macarellus. Species abundances at each station and of each species were relatively low, suggesting that this area or the time of sampling were not of major importance for fish spawning. Waters above Ninety East Ridge had lower species diversity but higher species richness than waters further offshore. A generalized additive model revealed that high abundance of ichthyoplanktonic taxa occurred in areas with low sea surface height and high sea surface salinity, temperature, and chlorophyll a concentration. Of these, sea surface height was most correlated with ichthyoplankton abundance. We provided baseline data on surface-dwelling ichthyoplankton communities in this area to aid in development of pelagic fishery resources in waters around the Ninety East Ridge.
The Regulatory Relationships Between the Gonad-Inhibiting Hormone and Insulin-Like Androgenic Gland Hormone-Binding Protein Genes in the Eyestalk-Androgenic Gland-Testis Axis of Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Authors: Tang Meizhen , Lu Zhijie , Babu Sarath V , Yang Guang , Li Yanan , Xu Zizheng , Pan Gan , Qin Zhendong , Lin Li
Published: October 2021

Gonad-inhibiting hormone (GIH) belongs to a family of neuropeptides that are released from the eyestalks of male crustaceans and plays key roles in gonadal maturity, reproduction, and molting. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying the effects of GIH on sexual regulation have yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we aimed to demonstrate how GIH mediate the activity of the androgenic gland (AG) to affect sexual regulation. To do this, we cloned and characterized a GIH sequence from Macrobrachium rosenbergii (MrGIH). The open reading frame (ORF) of MrGIH was 360 bp and codes for a polypeptide of 119 amino acids and a putative protein of 13.56 KDa. Tissue analysis showed that MrGIH is widely expressed in a range of tissues but particularly, the eyestalk, intestine, and nerve cord. Following the dsRNA silencing of MrGIH for 24 h, the expression levels of MrGIH were down-regulated in both the eyestalk and AG when compared with the negative control, but significantly increased the expression of Macrobrachium rosenbergii insulin-like androgenic gland hormone-binding protein (MrIAGBP) in AG, thus suggesting that MrGIH is an inhibitory factor for MrIAGBP. In addition, we found that eyestalk removal on certain days led to increased expression levels of MrIAGBP expression. The expression levels of MrIAGBP peaked at 2 d in the AG after unilateral and bilateral eyestalk ablation, exhibiting a 7.27- and 6.03-fold increase, respectively. Afterward, the expression of GIH protein levels were down-regulated and IAGBP protein levels were up-regulated after GIH silencing using immunohistochemistry method, combined with the increase of IAGBP protein levels after eyestalk ablation, confirming that MrGIH is an inhibitory factor that can moderately regulate AG development and IAGBP expression. Collectively, our findings enriched the mechanisms that control the sexual regulation pathway of male M. rosenbergii, and provided significant information for further explorations of the mechanism underlying sex regulation in other decapod crustaceans.
Characterization and Antimicrobial Studies of Iturin-Like and Bogorol-Like Lipopeptides From Brevibacillus spp. Strains GI9 and SKDU10
Authors: Singh Shelley Sardul , Sharma Deepika , Baindara Piyush , Choksket Stanzin , Harshvardhan  , Mandal Santi M. , Grover Vishakha , Korpole Suresh
Published: October 2021

Accession numbers for whole-genome sequence of Brevibacillus sp. strain GI9 and SKDU10 are CAGD01000001 to CAGD01000061 and LSSO00000000, respectively. Members of the genus Brevibacillus have been demonstrated to produce a variety of bioactive compounds including polyketides, lipopeptides and bacteriocins. Lipopeptides are non-ribosomally synthesized surface-active compounds with antimicrobial, antitumor, and immune-stimulatory activities. They usually exhibit strong antifungal and antibacterial activities and are considered as promising compounds in controlling fungal diseases. In this study, we have characterized two lipopeptides from Brevibacillus sp. strains GI9 and SKDU10. The corresponding lipopeptides were purified by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Mass analysis and characterization by MALDI-TOF-MS (Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry) analysis revealed production of an iturin-like lipopeptide by strain GI9 and bogorol-like lipopeptide by strain SKDU10. Both lipopeptides exhibited broad spectrum antibacterial activity and inhibited the growth of various fungi. They showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values between 90 and 300 μg/ml against indicator strains of bacteria and drug-resistant Candida indicator strains. The lipopeptides did not show phytotoxic effect in seed germination experiments but caused hemolysis. Further, both lipopeptides inhibited the growth of fungi on fruits and vegetables in in vitro experiments, thereby exhibited potential use in biotechnological industry as effective biocontrol agents.
Comparative Effects of Compound Enzyme and Antibiotics on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Biochemical Index, and Intestinal Health in Weaned Pigs
Authors: Li Zhiqing , Tang Lizi , Liu Nian , Zhang Fan , Liu Xiang , Jiang Qian , Chen Jiashun , Ma Xiaokang
Published: October 2021

This experiment aims to explore the effects of compound enzyme preparation substituting chlortetracycline on growth performance, serum immune markers, and antioxidant capacity and intestinal health in weaned piglets. A total of twenty-four 28-day-old “Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire” weaned piglets with an average initial weight of 7.25 ± 0.25 kg were randomly divided into three groups according to their body weight, with eight replicates in each group and one pig in each replicate. The three dietary treatments were basal diet (CON), basal diet + 1,000 mg/kg compound enzyme preparation (cellulase 4,000 IU/g, α-amylase 1,000 IU/g, β-glucanase 150 IU/g, and neutral protease 3,000 IU/g, CE), and basal diet + 75 mg/kg chlortetracycline (CTC). The animal experiment lasted for 28 days and was divided into two stages: the early stage (0–14 days) and the late stage (15–28 days). The results showed that (1) compared with the CON, the CE and CTC significantly increased the ADG of weaned piglets during the early and whole period of experiment (p < 0.05), decreased the F:G in the whole experiment period (p < 0.05), and diarrhea rate in the early stage (p < 0.01). (2) Compared with the CON, the apparent total tract digestibility of ADF and NDF was significantly increased in pigs fed the CE diet in the early and late stages of experiment (p < 0.05) with no significant difference compared with the CTC. (3) Compared with the CON, the concentrations of serum IgA and SOD in weaned piglets were significantly increased in the CE group in the early stage of the experiment (p < 0.05). (4) Compared with the CON group, the acetic acid, propionic acid, and total VFA contents in cecum and colon segments were elevated in the CE group (p < 0.05) with no significant difference compared with the CTC. (5) Compared with the CON group, the villus height of duodenum and jejunum and the ratio of villus height to recess depth of ileum were increased in the CE and CTC group (p < 0.05). (6) Compared with the CON group, the abundance of Lactobacillus significantly increased (p < 0.01) while the abundance of Escherichia coli decreased in the CE group and CTC group (p < 0.01). In conclusion, CE preparation instead of CTC can significantly improve the nutrient digestibility, the immunity, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health of pigs, which may contribute to the improved growth performance of piglets.
Hierarchical Control of Visually-Guided Movements in a 3D-Printed Robot Arm
Authors: Matić Adam , Valerjev Pavle , Gomez-Marin Alex
Published: October 2021

The control architecture guiding simple movements such as reaching toward a visual target remains an open problem. The nervous system needs to integrate different sensory modalities and coordinate multiple degrees of freedom in the human arm to achieve that goal. The challenge increases due to noise and transport delays in neural signals, non-linear and fatigable muscles as actuators, and unpredictable environmental disturbances. Here we examined the capabilities of hierarchical feedback control models proposed by W. T. Powers, so far only tested in silico. We built a robot arm system with four degrees of freedom, including a visual system for locating the planar position of the hand, joint angle proprioception, and pressure sensing in one point of contact. We subjected the robot to various human-inspired reaching and tracking tasks and found features of biological movement, such as isochrony and bell-shaped velocity profiles in straight-line movements, and the speed-curvature power law in curved movements. These behavioral properties emerge without trajectory planning or explicit optimization algorithms. We then applied static structural perturbations to the robot: we blocked the wrist joint, tilted the writing surface, extended the hand with a tool, and rotated the visual system. For all of them, we found that the arm in machina adapts its behavior without being reprogrammed. In sum, while limited in speed and precision (by the nature of the do-it-yourself inexpensive components we used to build the robot from scratch), when faced with the noise, delays, non-linearities, and unpredictable disturbances of the real world, the embodied control architecture shown here balances biological realism with design simplicity.