bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Queer Forms, Queer Grief: Reclaiming and Transcending Loved Remains in Tennyson's In Memoriam and Michael Field's The Longer Allegiance
Authors: Hughes Linda K.
Published: February 2025

Abstract: This essay reads Tennyson's In Memoriam (1850) and Michael Field's The Longer Allegiance (1908) contrapuntally across three topoi: the threat of the beloved dead's remains being lost, queer desire, and queer poetic form. After the shocking death of Arthur Henry Hallam, Tennyson's earliest lyrics expressed anxieties lest the ship transporting Hallam's corpse to England should be lost. Michael Field began writing The Longer Allegiance (twenty-four sonnets and an epilogue) when the body of James Cooper, Edith Cooper's father, had not yet been found after his accidental death while he was hiking in the Alps. Both elegies turn to negotiating the poets' relations to mortal remains once those remains are recovered. Recurring references to dust, initially a locus of horror in In Memoriam , register the mourner's shift from denials of death to desire for lasting union with a spiritualized Hallam. In The Longer Allegiance , dust's materiality is the medium of sustained connection to the dead, centered in the dust over which the living walk. Yet from Cooper's "dust" the erotic union of his living mourners is reborn. The essay concludes by exploring both elegies' queering of traditional elegy and prior masculine queer elegies, Tennyson by refusing to displace desire onto loss, Michael Field by the fissuring of a unified male "I," and both by disrupting linearity.
Compost Happens: Composition and Decomposition in Victorian Literature
Authors: Tucker Herbert F.
Published: February 2025

Abstract: Species-old unease about the essential role played by decomposition in the bodily processes of death and life was complemented for the Victorians, as for us today, by an emergent concern with the fragility and mutability of the self. Literature from the period responded to this modern ambivalence in ways both direct and oblique—and most creatively when acknowledging that the authorial work of composition depended on, and remained in turn subject to, aesthetic processes of breakdown and recycling, transformation and decay. Examples from prose fiction (Bulwer-Lytton, Dickens) and nonfiction (Mill, Carlyle, Pater) frame analyses of poetry (Tennyson, Swinburne, Browning, Hardy) where the topic is analysis itself—that is, decomposition—brought into dialectical synthesis with the integrative character of artistic form.
Bi-directional reflectance and Raman characterizations of Spectralons with varying albedos
Authors: Zheng Han , Zhang Hao , Shkuratov Yuriy , Britt Daniel
Published: February 2025

We measured the spectral bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of 8 Spectralon calibration plaques with nominal reflectance values of 2%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 99%, across a wavelength range of 350 to 2150 nm. The measurements were taken at two incident zenith angles, 0° and 60°. At normal incidence, the BRDF of the 40% Spectralon exhibits the most Lambertian behavior, while all other Spectralons exhibit both backscattering and forward-scattering lobes. However, at 60° incidence, the 99% Spectralon shows the best Lambertian behavior. Additionally, several particulate samples with varying albedos were calibrated using these Spectralon standards. The results indicate that while the angular shapes of the BRDF are not influenced by the specific plaque used, the absolute REFF values calibrated by the 99% plaque are consistently the highest.
Improving third harmonic generation performance by elevating the operation temperature of KDP and DKDP crystals
Authors: Liu Guowei , Ren Hongkai , Yu Pingzhang , Huang Junru , Lin Xiaojing , Wu Zhixin , Wang Zhengping , Sun Xun , Xu Xinguang
Published: February 2025

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4, KDP) family crystals are the only nonlinear optical materials that can satisfy the aperture requirement of the inertial confinement fusion (ICF) laser driver. As a major ultraviolet (UV) generation scheme in service, the type-II phase-matched (PM) third harmonic generation (THG) performance of KDP and DKDP crystals is critical to ICF equipment. All the time, the largest efforts from all aspects have been made to achieve the highest output energy, conversion efficiency, and anti-damage ability. For this purpose, an effective route is developed and analyzed in this paper, i.e. substantial elevating the operation temperature of KDP and DKDP crystals. When the crystal temperature was set at 130 °C, the THG energy, conversion efficiency, and laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) were increased by 11.9%-16.5%, 5.3%-5.4%, 17.1%-24.5% for KDP crystals, and 4.2%-7.6%, 4.2%-6.6%, 14.2%-26.5% for DKDP crystals, respectively. Variable-temperature Z-scan tests reveal that increasing the temperature of KDP-like crystals effectively suppresses the two-photon absorption effect of the crystals and thus improves their UV frequency conversion performance. This research offers a valuable technique for the future development of ultraviolet, deep-ultraviolet lasers in ICF facilities.
High-resolution, broadband reconstructive spectrometer enabled by cascaded dispersion
Authors: Huang Zhongming , Liang Junrui , Ye Jun , He Junhong , Ma Xiaoya , Zhang Yang , Ke Yanzhao , Li Jun , Xu Jiangming , Leng Jinyong , Jin Shilong , Zhou Pu
Published: February 2025

Measuring spectrum with high resolution and broadband synchronously, which is vital to various applications, remains challenging. Here, we introduce a cascading dispersive reconstructive spectrometer (CDRS) that integrates an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) and a multimode fiber (MMF) in tandem. The time-varying AOTF divides the broad spectrum with moderate dispersion, and the disordered MMF presents a fine dispersion by wavelength-dependent speckles. Consequently, a bandwidth-to-resolution ratio of 20,000 can be achieved, with a spectral resolution of 2 pm over a 40 nm range. Experimental results indicate that, compared to traditional speckle reconstructive spectrometers (RSs), the presented scheme reduces broadband spectral reconstruction errors by one order of magnitude. The all-fiber CDRS offers notable advantages, including wide bandwidth, high resolution, and a simplified design, making it well-suited for diverse spectral measuring scenarios.
End-to-end physics-informed multi-branch GAN for enhanced DoFP polarization image reconstruction
Authors: Liu Haoran , Gu Zhongding , Shi Shuming , Li Zhenyang , Lei Xuefeng , Liu Zhenhai , Song Maoxin , Yang Jie , Li Congfei , Zhou Zhiyuan , Qiu Zhenwei , Hong Jin
Published: February 2025

Division-of-focal plane (DoFP) polarimeters deploying micro-polarizer array as the polarization state analyzer (PSA) possess the capacity to capture polarization properties of the scene target during a single snapshot and benefit from their rugged and compact designs. However, these systems acquire polarization measurements through spatial modulation, leading to inevitable spatial resolution loss and reduction in polarimetric accuracy. To overcome these challenges, we propose, to our knowledge, a novel approach by leveraging an end-to-end physics-informed residual generative adversarial network (GAN) for DoFP polarization image reconstruction. Our method enhances the reconstruction of intensity (I), degree of linear polarization (DoLP) and angle of polarization (AoP) directly from DoFP polarization images bypassing traditional interpolation methods that rely on interpolating intensity images from different polarization orientations. The network’s architecture is tailored to simultaneously handle demosaicking and polarimetric reconstruction, thereby mitigating the inherent limitations of DoFP systems. Additionally, we utilize Grad-CAM for model interpretability, allowing us to visualize and understand the regions of the input images that the network focuses on during reconstruction. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach improves the quality of the reconstructed polarization images and enhances overall polarization accuracy.
Ring-assisted large mode area fiber supporting high-power transmission within effective single-mode conditions
Authors: Mo Shuqi , Huang Yuming , Liu Jie , Wan Yibin , Xu Zengquan , Shen Lei , Yu Siyuan
Published: February 2025

Nowadays, the demand for communication capacity has surged, but single-mode fiber (SMF) systems face limitations due to nonlinear effects that restrict signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). To overcome this, mode-division multiplexing (MDM) technology offers increased capacity but requires complex systems, while developing novel SMFs with reduced nonlinearity provides a more feasible solution for commercial SMF systems. IIn this paper, we introduce, to our knowledge, a novel ring-assisted large mode area fiber (RA-LMF) within the effective single-mode condition to address the limitation induced by the nonlinear effect in the SMF. Introducing a resonant ring around the fiber core can extend the core radius to support a 212 μm2 large effective area (A
eff
) of the fundamental mode with a cladding diameter of 125 μm, which is compatible with the standard SMF. With such a large A
eff
, the RA-LMF exhibits a nonlinear input power threshold at least 4 dB higher than the standard G.652 SMF. An orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission of the RA-LMF is conducted to evaluate the communication performance of the fiber, which proves that the high tolerance to the fiber nonlinearity is sustained under different signal modulation formats and baud rates.
On-orbit radiometric calibration of FY-3E MERSI-LL low light band (LLB) using the Moon
Authors: Wen Enze , Li Li , Hu Xiuqing , Xu Hanlie , Gu Haoran , Zhu Jun , Li Zhengqiang
Published: February 2025

The Medium Resolution Spectral Imager-Low Light (MERSI-LL) on board Fengyun-3E (FY-3E) is equipped with a low-light band (LLB), marking the first achievement of low-light remote sensing capabilities for Fengyun meteorological satellites. In response to the complexity of on-orbit radiometric calibration for LLB, a calibration method using the Moon as a stable natural target was adopted. This study compiled ten active lunar observations from MERSI-LL under the operational mode from 2022 to 2024, covering phase angles from -17.3° to 5.4°. Qualitative comparisons and quantitative analyses were conducted between the satellite observations and the Robotic Lunar Observatory (ROLO) and Miller-Turner 2009 (MT2009) lunar irradiance models, validating the accuracy of the calibration data and the reliability of the calibration methods. The results indicated a phase-angle dependence of lunar irradiance, with relative differences between the ROLO and MT2009 models consistently below 2% when the phase angle exceeded 5°. Furthermore, this study corrected the influences of lunar phase and variations in the solar spectrum when applying the MT2009 model to satellite observations. The modified MT2009 model exhibited improved consistency with MERSI-LL observations, particularly at phase angles exceeding 10°. Finally, the calibration coefficients were derived by calibrating the digital number (DN) of the MERSI-LL lunar observations against the radiance simulated by the models. The ROLO model yielded the best fitting result, with R2 of 0.99796, followed by the MT2009 model and the modified model, with R2 values of 0.98765 and 0.9876, respectively. We found that the ROLO model is more suitable for the on-orbit radiometric calibration of satellites compared to the MT2009 model. Meanwhile, the total uncertainty of the calibration is approximately 5.78%. This study provides a validated methodology for lunar-based calibration applicable to other low-light remote sensing systems and a reference for the optimization of lunar irradiance models.
Retrieving aerosol backscatter coefficient using coherent Doppler wind lidar
Authors: Wei Tianwen , Wang Mengya , Jiang Pu , Wu Kenan , Zhang Zhen , Yuan Jinlong , Xia Haiyun , Lolli Simone
Published: February 2025

Coherent Doppler wind lidar (CDWL) has been widely used for wind detection, but retrieving aerosol optical properties remains challenging, due to its high sensitivity to turbulence and beam focusing. This study comprehensively evaluates the capabilities and limitations of pulsed CDWL in retrieving aerosol backscatter/extinction coefficient profiles, with a special focus on calibration and error analysis. A self-calibration method for the telescope focus function is proposed and validated through horizontal observations. Both forward and backward retrieval approaches are reviewed, with and without auxiliary co-located measurements. Key sources of uncertainty, including the carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR), heterodyne efficiency, lidar constant, and assumed lidar ratio, are analyzed. It’s indicated that maintaining a controlled system environment is important for achieving a stable heterodyne efficiency profile. The lidar constant, calibrated using non-precipitating thick stratocumulus clouds, can achieve an uncertainty within 15% at 1550 nm, but the uncertainty increases with wavelength, as predicted by Mie theory. Under typical clear-sky conditions, an assumed lidar ratio with a 20% relative error introduces a relative error of less than 2% in the backscatter coefficient, whereas the extinction coefficient error is entirely dependent on the assumed lidar ratio. The influence of turbulence is further assessed using an equivalent experimental setup. With the deployment of thousands of CDWL systems worldwide, the ability to retrieve aerosol optical properties alongside simultaneous wind measurements is expected to significantly enrich datasets for aerosol transport studies, fog monitoring, and joint inversions with other instruments.
Ring-artifacts removal for spectral photon counting CT
Authors: Sun Tianjiao , Lu Xin , Yu Xinran , Zhao Yunsong
Published: February 2025

Compared to energy-integrating detectors, photon counting detectors (PCDs) offer a better spatial resolution, higher contrast-to-noise ratio, elimination of electronic noise, improved dose efficiency, and routine multi-energy imaging. However, limited by current processing technologies, the removal of ring artifacts has become an inevitable research challenge in the pursuit of high-quality imaging. In this paper, we propose a dual-domain optimization model that integrates dual-spectral imaging with ring artifact removal. The model incorporates unidirectional total variation (TV) regularization, group sparsity regularization, and TV regularization to enable artifact removal during basis material decomposition. The first two relate the inconsistency of the detector response to the scanning angle, which can correct the detector response more accurately. The latter exploits the spatial piecewise smooth structure of the clean image to further remove the residual ring artifacts. In addition, an efficient alternating minimization scheme is designed to solve the proposed model. Extensive experiments on both simulated and real data demonstrate that our method achieves an optimal balance between artifact suppression and detail preservation. Additionally, it outperforms several state-of-the-art ring artifact removal methods in both quantitative and qualitative evaluations.
Continuous and precise modulation of vortex beams based on terahertz full-space coding metasurfaces
Authors: Yan Xin , Huai Fei , Zhang YongGang , Lv KaiKai , Liang LanJu , Li ZhenHua , Wang ZiQun , Yao HaiYun , Hu XiaoFei , Li YuanPing , Wang Meng , Liu Yang , Ma ShiWu , Tian HuiHan , Wang XueLin , Wu JinTao
Published: February 2025

Vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) exhibit excellent potential for applications in fields such as sixth-generation communication, quantum information processing, and imaging technologies. However, the realization of multi-mode and full-space continuous precision modulation of vortex beams still faces significant challenges. In this study, a terahertz full-space coding metasurface based on vanadium dioxide (VO2) is proposed, combined with a more accurate generalized coding strategy, convolution, and generalized superposition methods to achieve continuous and precise modulation of vortex beams. First, the phase state of VO2 is dynamically adjusted by temperature changes, enabling the coding metasurface to switch between transmission and reflection operating modes. Second, a precise generalized coding strategy is developed to support the generation of coding sequences for arbitrary Ni values by logically discretizing the size Ni of the super-subunit. Meanwhile, by convolving different coding sequences, continuous and precise modulation of different modes of vortex beams in the range of 0 to 360° is realized. Finally, the deflection vortex beams carrying different OAM are effectively superimposed using the generalized superposition method. This innovative coding strategy significantly improves the ability of continuous and precise modulation of the vortex beam wavefront, laying a solid foundation for future breakthroughs in intelligent communication and high-resolution imaging technologies.
High-performance fiber-optic hot-wire flowmeter based on surface plasmon resonance and PDMS
Authors: Liu Weinan , Pu Shengli , Zhang Chencheng , Huang Siyang , Xu Tengfei , Wu Qiang
Published: February 2025

In this work, a novel and simple fiber-optic hot-wire flowmeter based on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-coated gold-plated multimode-no-core fiber (MNF) tip is proposed and demonstrated. The gold coating not only excites the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect but also absorbs the laser energy to generate heat. Additionally, the sensor probe is coated with a temperature-sensitive layer of PDMS. The flow of fluids dissipates heat, causing the PDMS to reach different thermal equilibrium temperatures corresponding to certain flow rates. The experimental results prove that the real-time response of PDMS to external microfluidics can be used to sense flow rate and temperature via monitoring the dip wavelength of SPR. The sensor achieves a maximum flow rate sensitivity of 7.27 nm/(μL/s), with a detection limit of 27.5 nL/s. The response time of the sensor to flow rate change is 1.31 s. Furthermore, the PDMS coating enhances the stability and durability of the sensor. The sensor offers high sensitivity, simple fabrication, low cost, and other advantages, thereby promoting the industrial application of all-fiber-optic flow rate sensing devices.
Phantom-metasurface cooperative system trained by a deep learning network driven by a bound state for a magnetic resonance-enhanced system
Authors: Ren Qun , Dang Yongjing , Wang Xiuyu , Huang Hao , Lang Yuxin , Liang Yongshan , Fan Dening , Zhang Jianan , You Jianwei , Pang Yanwei
Published: February 2025

With the development of medical imaging technology, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an important tool for diagnosing and monitoring a variety of diseases. However, traditional MRI techniques are limited in terms of imaging speed and resolution. In this study, we developed an efficient body mode metasurface composite MRI enhancement system based on deep learning network training and realized the design and control of metasurface in the MHz band. Firstly, forward neural network is used to predict the electromagnetic response characteristics quickly. On this basis, the network is reverse-designed and the structural parameters of the metasurface are predicted. The experimental results show that the combination of deep neural network and electromagnetic metasurface significantly improves the design efficiency of metasurface and has great application potential in the MRI system.
Derivative optical imaging technique
Authors: Soares Yohan Szuszko , Machado Marcelo Jean , Cionek Marcelo Prado , Misoguti Lino , Barbano Emerson Cristiano
Published: February 2025

This work introduces an innovative laser-scanning optical imaging acquisition technique employing a cylindrical lens, single-element detection (photodetector), and a temporal signal derivation for image recovery. A cylindrical lens generates a line that can be focused onto a sample, facilitating rapid two-dimensional image acquisition by requiring only one-axis scanning. To obtain the one-dimensional cross sections of the sample, we encode the position information using an optical chopper, which gradually obstructs the laser beam line as the chopper’s blade rotates. The sample’s image information along the line is then extracted through temporal derivation of the signal collected by the photodetector. This enables the transformation of the collected signal into an intensity mapping corresponding to the unique spatial locations of each point along the geometric line of the beam. Consequently, scanning along the axis perpendicular to the laser propagation direction enables acquiring a two-dimensional sample image. The derivative optical imaging technique (DOIT) emerges as a valuable tool due to its relatively simple optical setup, fast image acquisition, compatibility with unusual wavelengths where an array camera is unavailable, potential to work with scattering samples, etc. Therefore, this work demonstrates this derivative microscope’s operational principles and presents the obtained results.
Triad of equivalence theorems of partially coherent beams on scattering
Authors: Ding Yi , Zhao Daomu
Published: February 2025

Although the equivalence theorem (ET) in the potential scattering theory has been proposed for a long time, its analysis is always confined to the idealized case where the incident field is a spatially coherent plane wave, which limits its practical applications. Here by exploiting Laplace’s method for double integrals and the so-called beam condition, we generalize the ET in the potential scattering theory to partially coherent beams for the first time to the best of our knowledge. We present the analytical condition that two scattered fields, produced by Gaussian Schell-model beams on scattering from Gaussian Schell-model media, may have the same normalized spectral densities in the far zone. We find that the condition contains three implications, each corresponding to a statement of an ET for the spectral density in a scattering scenario, which exposes the concept of a previously unreported triad of ETs for the spectral density of partially coherent beams on scattering. Our results contribute to improving reconstruction accuracy when resolving the inverse scattering problem in practical situations, where the light field utilized to illuminate an unknown scatterer is a partially coherent beam rather than a plane wave.
In vivo efficacy investigation of long-wavelength infrared femtosecond lasers for skin rejuvenation
Authors: Guo Jinmiao , Dai Yingying , Xiang Maoxing , He Changtao , Wang Fan , Zhang Lidan , Jiang Xian , Liang Houkun
Published: February 2025

Ablative lasers such as erbium-doped laser and carbon dioxide laser are currently primary tools for skin rejuvenation and treating dermatological disorders. However, during treatment, as the thermal effect exerts on both target and normal tissues simultaneously, significant effectiveness is often accompanied by a high risk of adverse reactions. To attain an appropriate thermal diffusion and thus favorable therapeutic outcome and fewer side effects, collagen-resonant femtosecond (fs) lasers hold promise as innovative tools for laser cosmetic treatments. In this study, we report, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, an in vivo experiment of fs laser resurfacing with collagen-resonant wavelengths of 6.1 and 7.5 μm, via an optical parametric amplifier. Our results demonstrate that long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) lasers effectively enhance the components of the dermal matrix without causing dermal ablation. The structure of collagen fiber is significantly improved with a substantial amount of new collagen formation. The increased expression of various collagen types in immunofluorescence image further demonstrates the efficacy of the LWIR fs laser in skin rejuvenation. In addition, improvement in the epidermis is more pronounced at a wavelength of 6.1 μm, with a more suitable depth of action. We anticipate that LWIR fs laser could become widely applicable in clinical settings for skin regeneration and rejuvenation.
Predicting the habitat suitability of Ilex verticillata (Aquifoliaceae) in China with field-test validations
Authors: Yin Yawen , Hou Zhaobin , Sun Qiuyue , Zhu Bailing , Liu Jiaqi , Zou Yiping , Hao Mingzhuo
Published: February 2025

The cut branches of Ilex verticillata are highly ornamental and have high economic value. Since its introduction to China, it has received widespread attention. In the context of climate change today, ensuring its promotion and sustainable production in China is of great significance. In this study we evaluated the habitat suitability of the species using MaxEnt, combined with climate and soil variables, to assess the impact of climate change on its potential suitable habitat. We used 121 I. verticillata occurrence data and validated the model prediction using extensive field testing (12 test sites located in areas from 23.19° N to 42.91° N and 76.17° E to 125.14° E). The habitat suitability model (AUC = 0.854) performed well. Among them, three precipitation variables and one temperature variable were the main factors determining the distribution of I. verticillata in China. Field trial tests and model predictions of the suitability of I. verticillata were consistent, indicating that our model predictions are biologically meaningful and economically valuable. Under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) climate change scenario, the high and medium suitable habitats for this species will be reduced in the future climate. This study helps to better understand the impact of climate change on I. verticillata and provides suggestions for the introduction and cultivation areas and protection of this species in China.
Spatiotemporal simulation of sustainable development based on ecosystem services under climate change
Authors: Zhou Bao , Chen Guoping , Zhao Junsan , Yin Ying
Published: February 2025

This study explores the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of ecosystem services (ESs) in the karst region of southeastern Yunnan under the backdrop of climate change. The study innovatively calculates the sustainable development goals (SDG) index based on ecosystem services (ESs). It employs the patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model to simulate future land use changes (LUCs) and uses the integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs (InVEST) model to assess ESs under different scenarios. This research systematically evaluates the ESs and SDGs in karst regions within the context of climate change. The results indicate that: (1) Under all three scenarios in 2035, the trend of LUCs in the karst area of southeastern Yunnan is highly consistent, though the intensity and spatial configuration vary significantly. The least reduction in arable land area occurs under the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP) 126 scenario, while water bodies and construction land show varying degrees of increase; (2) Regarding ESs, both water yield and soil retention exhibit an increasing trend across all scenarios by 2035, with the most notable rise under SSP126. Conversely, habitat quality and carbon storage show a decline, with the smallest decrease also under SSP126; (3) Analyzing the SDG index, the overall value is low in 2020. In future scenarios, the SDG index increases in the southern part while decreasing in the eastern part, indicating significant differences in regional sustainable development potential. Hotspots under SSP126 and SSP245 are concentrated in the densely vegetated southwest and eastern edge areas, while cold spots are mainly found in the heavily human-impacted central Yunnan urban agglomeration and Wenshan City. This study systematically explores for the first time the spatiotemporal dynamics of ESs in the karst region of southeastern Yunnan under different climate scenarios. It provides scientific evidence for regional ecological protection and land use planning.
Magnitude, risk factors and economic impacts of diabetic emergencies in developing countries: A systematic review
Authors: Haile Halefom Kahsay , Fenta Teferi Gedif
Published: February 2025

Background

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS) and severe hypoglycemia are considered as the life-threatening diabetic emergencies of diabetic patients worldwide. As the prevalence of diabetes grows in developing countries, so too does the impact of these costly human and economic complications. Noticeable scarcity of data concerning the magnitude, the cost expenditures as well as well unidentified predictors of these complications made the management more difficult in the resource limited health care settings. Thus, this systematic review aimed to assess the magnitude, risk factors and economic impacts of diabetes emergencies among diabetic patients in the developing countries.

Methods

Following PRISMA (2020) guidelines, databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane and Scopus were searched for studies reporting on prevalence, risk factors, and direct costs of diabetes emergencies published in English from 2000 to 2023. Forty eligible studies were extracted and retrieved using manual data extraction form and automation tools. Studies were analyzed and combined in a narrative synthesis. The estimations of direct cost expenditure were standardized to 2023 USD.

Result

A comprehensive examination was conducted on the 40 eligible studies, with the majority originating from African sources. The review shows the prevalence of diabetic emergencies; DKA episodes in the range of (3.8%-73.4%), HHS (0.9%-58%) and Severe hypoglycemia (3.3%-64.7%) per year in the developing countries. Infection, new onset of the diabetes, and non-compliance to medications and diets were reported as the most common risk factors of theses diabetic emergencies. Besides, the costs of hospitalization taken from the patients’ perspective, that were associated per one diabetic emergency event per patient was reported in the range of 105–230 USD in the developing countries.

Conclusion

The rising prevalence of diabetic emergencies in poor nations, where infections, non-compliance, and new onset of diabetes are major causes, highlighted the urgent need for preventative interventions. Identifying high-risk individuals is crucial for implementing tailored strategies to reduce emergency visits and hospital admissions. The significant economic burden of these emergencies exacerbates the strain on already limited healthcare resources. In order to enhance health outcomes and lessen the financial strain on healthcare systems in these areas, preventive strategies must be incorporated into diabetes management programs.
Methods for identifying adverse drug reactions in primary care: A systematic review
Authors: Logan Vera , Hughes David , Turner Adam , Carter Neil , Jordan Sue
Published: February 2025

Background

Identification of real-time adverse drug reactions [ADRs] (as opposed to the risk of ADRs) in older poly-medicated people in primary care is a challenging task, often undertaken without an explicit strategy. This systematic review aims to evaluate replicable instruments and methods for identifying and addressing ADRs.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted in Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane library, using controlled vocabulary (MeSH) and free-text terms. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) implementing strategies to identify or resolve ADRs experienced by patients in primary care were included. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Discrepancies were resolved by discussion.

Results

From 2,182 unique records, 49 studies were identified for full review. Eight papers reporting results from 6 RCTs were included. All six trials utilised a list of medicine-related unwanted symptoms to identify ADRs. Two of three studies using adverse drug reaction questionnaires reported statistically significant increased rates of ADR reporting. Two of three studies that combined symptom questionnaires with prescriber consultations reported reductions in the number of health problems. Overall, results suggest that the three studies that described multidisciplinary collaborations using lists of ADRs plus prescriber reviews enhanced patient safety. However, the RCTs were unblinded and reported suboptimal retention. When considered as a whole, findings are equivocal and the data are too heterogenous to warrant any firm conclusions, beyond the need for more research to optimise strategies to safeguard patient wellbeing.

Implications

Adaptable and scalable instruments with decision support are needed in primary care to identify and mitigate medicine-related harm in older poly-medicated people. The effectiveness of adverse drug reaction identification instruments, the value of comprehensive instruments, and the optimum method of delivery should be explored in multicentre trials.
Environmental risk factors for self-harm during imprisonment: A pilot prospective cohort study
Authors: Stephenson Thomas , Harris Imogen , Armstrong Charlotte , Fazel Seena , Short Roxanna , Blackwood Nigel
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Self-harm is a major public health issue in the imprisoned population. Limited high-quality evidence exists for the potential impact of prison environmental factors such as solitary confinement. This exploratory pilot prospective cohort study in a large male remand prison in England sought to estimate effect sizes for a comprehensive range of prison environmental factors in relation to self-harming behaviours.

Methods

A random sample of all prisoners (N = 149) starting a period of imprisonment at the study prison took part in a clinical research interview, which assessed a range of known risk factors for self-harm in prison. Information concerning environmental factors, including staff numbers, cell placement and movements, and engagement in work and activities were collected from prison records. Incidents of self-harm behaviour in the 3 months after entering prison were measured using medical records and self-report at end of follow-up. Multivariable logistic regression models were calculated individually for each predictor.

Results

55.7% of participants completed follow-up (83/149). Single cell placement (OR 4.31, 95% CI 1.06–18.24, p = 0.041) and more frequent changes of cellmate (OR 1.52, CI 1.14–2.17, p = 0.009) and cell (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.28–2.86, p = 0.003) were associated with an increased risk of self-harming behaviour. Time spent in areas with a higher number of prisoners per member of prison staff was significantly associated with reduced self-harm behaviour in adjusted models (OR 0.89, CI 0.78–0.99, p = 0.039). Following sensitivity analyses, the associations between frequent cell changes and self-harm behaviour, and between single cell placement and self-harm ideation, remained statistically significant.

Discussion

This exploratory pilot study provides prospective longitudinal data regarding relationships between prison environmental factors and self-harm behaviour. Findings regarding single cell accommodation and frequent cell changes are consistent with the prior evidence base largely derived from case-control study data. The finding regarding frequent cellmate changes predicting self-harm is novel. Findings regarding prisoner-staff ratio and self-harm most likely reflect a reverse causal relationship. Replication in larger cohort studies is required to address the limitations of this pilot study.
Impact of morphological traits and irrigation levels on fresh herbage yield of sorghum x sudangrass hybrid: Modelling data mining techniques
Authors: Tutar Halit , Celik Senol , Er Hasan , Gönülal Erdal
Published: February 2025

In this study, the effect of morphological traits on fresh herbage yield of sorghum x sudangrass hybrid plant grown in Konya province, which is the largest cereal production area in Turkey, was analyzed with some data mining methods. For this purpose, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Automatic Linear Model (ALM), Random Forest (RF) Algorithm and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline (MARS) Algorithm were used, and the prediction performances of these methods were compared. Plant height of 251.22 cm, stem diameter of 7.03 mm, fresh herbage yield of 8010.69 kg da-1, crude protein ratio of 9.09%, acid detergent fiber 33.23%, neutral detergent fiber 57.44%, acid detergent lignin 7.43%, dry matter digestibility of 63.01%, dry matter intake 2.11%, and relative feed value of 103.02 were the descriptive statistical values that were computed. Model fit statistics, including coefficient of determination (R2), adjusted R2, root of mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), standard deviation ratio (SD ratio), Mean Absolution Error (MAE) and Relative Absolution Error (RAE), were used to evaluate the prediction abilities of the fitted models. The MARS method was shown to be the best model for describing fresh herbage yield, with the lowest values of RMSE, MAPE, SD ratio, MAE and RAE (137.7, 1.488, 0.072, 109.718 and 0.017, respectively), as well as the highest R2 value (0.995) and adjusted R2 value (0.991). The experimental results show that the MARS algorithm is the most suitable model for predicting fresh herbage yield in sorghum x sudangrass hybrid, providing a good alternative to other data mining algorithms.
Image recognition technology for bituminous concrete reservoir panel cracks based on deep learning
Authors: Hu Kai , Ling Yang , Liu Jie
Published: February 2025

Detecting cracks in asphalt concrete slabs is challenging due to environmental factors like lighting changes, surface reflections, and weather conditions, which affect image quality and crack detection accuracy. This study introduces a novel deep learning-based anomaly model for effective crack detection. A large dataset of panel images was collected and processed using denoising, standardization, and data augmentation techniques, with crack areas labeled via LabelImg software. The core model is an improved Xception network, enhanced with an adaptive activation function, dynamic attention mechanism, and multi-level residual connections. These innovations optimize feature extraction, enhance feature weighting, and improve information transmission, significantly boosting accuracy and robustness. The improved model achieves a 97.6% accuracy and a Matthews correlation coefficient of 0.98, remaining stable under varying lighting conditions. This method not only provides a fresh approach to crack detection but also greatly enhances detection efficiency.
Study on anti-frost heave effect of new thermal insulation subgrade of highway in seasonally frozen soil regions
Authors: Mi Xiaoqiang , Zhang Wenqiang , Zhang Ge , Wang Xinbin
Published: February 2025

Frost heave is one of the important factors affecting the long-term stability and safe operation of subgrade in seasonally frozen soil regions. To investigate the anti-frost heave effect of foam concrete insulation and composite insulation structure subgrade, a multi-physics fields coupling numerical simulation was employed. From the perspective of hydrothermal process of the subgrade, the ground temperature distribution, maximum freezing depth, ice distribution, and maximum frost heave are systematically analyzed. The results indicate that the foamed concrete insulation layer subgrade exhibits a significant anti-frost heave effect. Meanwhile, to alleviate the sunny-shady slopes effect on subgrade in the seasonally frozen soils regions, the composite insulation structure combining XPS insulation board with foamed concrete insulation was recommended. Moreover, the appropriate anti-frost heave measures for subgrade are proposed, which considering the different frost heave characteristics. The findings can serve as a reference for the prevention and control of frost heave in highway subgrade and for the application of foam concrete insulation layers in seasonal frozen soil regions.
A paradoxical population structure of var DBLα types in Africa
Authors: Tan Mun Hua , Tiedje Kathryn E. , Feng Qian , Zhan Qi , Pascual Mercedes , Shim Heejung , Chan Yao-ban , Day Karen P.
Published: February 2025

The var multigene family encodes Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1), central to host-parasite interactions. Genome structure studies have identified three major groups of var genes by specific upstream sequences (upsA, B, or C). Var with these ups groups have different chromosomal locations, transcriptional directions, and associations with disease severity. Here we explore temporal and spatial diversity of a region of var genes encoding the DBLα domain of PfEMP1 in Africa. By applying a novel ups classification algorithm (cUps) to publicly-available DBLα sequence datasets, we categorised DBLα according to association with the three ups groups, thereby avoiding the need to sequence complete genes. Data from deep sequencing of DBLα types in a local population in northern Ghana surveyed seven times from 2012 to 2017 found variants with rare-to-moderate-to-extreme frequencies, and the common variants were temporally stable in this local endemic area. Furthermore, we observed that every isolate repertoire, whether mono- or multiclonal, comprised DBLα types occurring with these frequency ranges implying a common genome structure. When comparing African countries of Ghana, Gabon, Malawi, and Uganda, we report that some DBLα types were consistently found at high frequencies in multiple African countries while others were common only at the country level. The implication of these local and pan-Africa population patterns is discussed in terms of advantage to the parasite with regards to within-host adaptation and resilience to malaria control.
Cadeia produtiva cultural da Guarumã: um estudo de caso na comunidade do Jararaca (Pará, Brasil)
Authors: Pereira Ramos Fátima do Socorro , Nascimento Melo Matheus Luan
Published: February 2025

A região bragantina, nos últimos anos, tem enfrentado a intensificação do agronegócio, levando à destruição da floresta e dos rios. Diante desse cenário, surgem projetos que utilizam práticas tradicionais como alternativas para preservar e sustentar a produção agrícola. A pesquisa apresenta um projeto com guarumã desenvolvido por um agricultor da comunidade do Jararaca, em Bragança do Pará (norte do Brasil), onde se destaca o replantio dessa espécie para a fabricação de materiais utilizados como ferramentas de trabalho. O estudo aborda a cadeia produtiva da guarumã, desde o plantio até a fabricação de artesanatos, promovendo a preservação ambiental e a valorização dos conhecimentos tradicionais. A fibra da guarumã é utilizada como fonte de sustento e identidade local. A investigação foca em práticas sustentáveis relacionadas ao cultivo, extração e uso da fibra, destacando seus impactos ambientais, econômicos e sociais. A metodologia é qualitativa e exploratória, fundamentada em livros e artigos científicos. Os resultados descrevem aspectos do manejo, extrativismo, processos de beneficiamento, práticas de confecção de utensílios, além das relações sociais estabelecidas com essa prática.
Gestión hídrica en los municipios de Nicolás Romero en el Estado de México y de Alicante en España: un estudio comparativo sobre el ciclo urbano del agua
Authors: Flores Diosdado Luis Fernando
Published: February 2025

A continuación, se realiza un análisis comparativo de la gestión hídrica en los municipios de Nicolás Romero en el Estado de México, y de Alicante en España, aplicado sobre el ciclo urbano del agua para contrastar las políticas y prácticas actuales de ambos contextos. El objetivo principal de esta investigación se centra en identificar buenas prácticas en la gestión del agua en Alicante que puedan ser de utilidad para ser implementadas en Nicolás Romero, con el fin de optimizar el acceso a este recurso vital. Este estudio, propio de la ciencia de la Administración Pública, adquiere relevancia al abordar la necesidad urgente de mejorar la gestión hídrica en entornos urbanos complejos y en constante cambio, en donde el desafío radica en dirigir la toma de decisiones a ponderar lo deseable y lo posible dentro de la administración de este recurso fundamental considerado un Derecho Humano. Esto como parte de una responsabilidad gubernamental alineada al compromiso de mejorar las condiciones en las que se pueda asegurar el acceso a este servicio de forma incluyente, efectiva, sostenible y siempre en beneficio del interés general de la ciudadanía nicolásromerense.
Gastrodiplomacia: la gastronomía como elemento estratégico de influencia en las Relaciones Internacionales
Authors: Jiménez Molina Javier
Published: February 2025

La importancia de la gastronomía como elemento de poder blando se ha ido multiplicando exponencialmente en las últimas décadas, pasando a ser uno de los principales activos en las estrategias de diplomacia pública, con el objetivo de impulsar las relaciones entre Estados. Esto ha desembocado en la creación de la gastrodiplomacia, una estrategia con la gastronomía como principal activo que en las últimas décadas se ha ido incluyendo en los planes de diplomacia pública de muchos Gobiernos. Los países hacen uso de ella con el objetivo de darse a conocer, recibir rédito económico o aumentar su influencia en el mundo. La gastronomía cuenta con un factor identitario que puede desembocar en gastronacionalismo, y, por tanto, un objeto de disputas entre países o de esperanza en otros que buscan la reconciliación nacional. España es un gran ejemplo en la gastronomía mundial, con una gran riqueza y tradición, así como innovación, siendo un activo que el Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, Unión Europea y Cooperación está exprimiendo al máximo para dar a conocer la Marca España. Su aplicación no solo se puede realizar en el ámbito estatal, sino también a nivel regional, pudiendo brindar oportunidades a zonas deprimidas o poco dinámicas mediante el turismo gastronómico. Todo ello mediante planes detallados que eviten caer en procesos de gentrificación y gastrificación.
Effects of early AP coursetaking on high school outcomes and college enrollment for less academically prepared students
Authors: Lee Han Bum , Bahena Sofia , Nichols Sharon L.
Published: February 2025

The expansion of Advanced Placement (AP) programs to include students from underrepresented racial and ethnic minorities and those from less advantaged socioeconomic backgrounds has made it crucial to assess how effective AP courses and exams are for these groups. As AP programs become more popular, more high school students–especially freshmen and sophomores–are signing up for AP courses. Despite this growing trend, there’s still not enough research on how early AP participation affects these particular students. This study fills this research gap by exploring the benefits of early AP involvement for students considered academically underprepared based on prior test scores. We find that early AP course participation leads to higher scores on state exit exams, greater enrollment in early college credit courses, and increased college attendance and completion rates, particularly at four-year institutions. These findings challenge the reliance on prior test scores as the sole predictor of AP success and future academic achievements, suggesting a need for a more comprehensive approach to evaluating students’ readiness for the rigors of AP coursework.