bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moisture‐Resistant Nanofiber Membrane Loaded with Copper‐Manganese‐Tin Oxides for Dust and CO Filtration in High Humidity Environments
Authors: Zhou Gang , Chen Guanshuang , Xin Yueying , Pang Jialu , Wang Jialin , Jiang Liwei , Liu Rulin
Published: December 2024

This study presents a novel protective membrane, (0.8MnCuSnOx‐NaCl)@M, designed for high‐efficiency filtration of dust particles and carbon monoxide (CO) gas offers superior moisture resistance, air permeability, and catalytic functionality in high‐humidity underground settings. The membrane, incorporating tin oxide‐doped CuMnOx into polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fibers with sodium chloride (NaCl), achieves 99.99% air filtration efficiency, 323.68 mm s−1 air permeability, and 92.5% CO catalytic filtration efficiency. Concurrently, the membrane exhibited exceptional hydrophobicity, characterized by a substantial water contact angle of 116.7°, negligible water staining, and a high hydrostatic pressure rating of 2035 Pa, suitable for humid environments. Furthermore, the water absorption profile of the membrane featured a diminished hydroxyl vibrational band, accompanied by a sustained CO conversion efficiency, attesting to its resistance to moisture‐induced deterioration. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations further clarify the membrane's filtration mechanism, indicating its potential for selective CO and particle filtration. This study provides a reliable idea for the development of moisture‐resistant fiber membranes with high efficiency for filtration of dust and CO. and underscores the synergy of experimental and theoretical approaches.
Engineered Nanoparticles for Theranostic Applications in Kidney Repair
Authors: Jin Can , Xue Lingling , Zhang Leilei , Yu Lixia , Wu Peipei , Qian Hui
Published: December 2024

Kidney diseases are characterized by their intricate nature and complexity, posing significant challenges in their treatment and diagnosis. Nanoparticles (NPs), which can be further classified as synthetic and biomimetic NPs, have emerged as promising candidates for treating various diseases. In recent years, the development of engineered nanotherapeutics has focused on targeting damaged tissues and serving as drug delivery vehicles. Additionally, these NPs have shown superior sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis and imaging, thus providing valuable insights for the early detection of diseases. This review aims to focus on the application of engineered synthetic and biomimetic NPs in kidney diseases in the aspects of treatment, diagnosis, and imaging. Notably, the current perspectives and challenges are evaluated, which provide inspiration for future research directions, and encourage the clinical application of NPs in this field.
Crystalline‐Amorphous Interface‐Triggered Electron Redistribution on Copper(II) Sulfide@Metal (Ni, Co, and Fe) Oxyhydroxides for Ultra‐Efficient Overall Water/Seawater Splitting
Authors: Gu Peng , Song Yidong , Fan Yihe , Meng Xin , Liu Jin , Wang Guofeng , Li Zhouguanwei , Sun Heyuan , Zhao Ziyu , Zou Jinlong
Published: December 2024

Rearranging the electronic orbitals of metal sites through interface engineering is the breakthrough for achieving high efficiencies in hydrogen/oxygen evolution reactions (HER/OER) on bimetallic catalysts. Here, via a multistep liquid‐phase synthesis strategy, the crystalline‐amorphous (c‐a) interface is built by coating amorphous oxyhydroxide layer on the surface of crystallized copper(II) sulfide (CuS@MOOH, M = iron (Fe), cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni)) with an internal cavity. For HER, c‐a interface facilitates the electron filling of the 3d orbitals of Cu, thereby enhancing the coordination between Cu sites (Cu2+/Cu+) and *H and reducing the energy barrier for *H adsorption. For OER, c‐a interface triggers electronic rearrangement in the 3d orbitals of M sites, prompting electron transition from the t2g orbitals to the eg orbitals to achieve a half‐filled state, optimizing the oxygen‐intermediates adsorption on M sites (M3+/M4+). Among CuS@MOOH, the as‐marked CuS@CoOOH‐6 exhibits the best activities with ultra‐low overpotentials of 62 mV (HER) and 136 mV (OER). Only 1.52 V is sufficient to power the electrolyzer with CuS@CoOOH‐6‐based cathode/anode, maintaining a ultra‐stable efficiency (96.9 %) over 72 h. Notably, CuS@CoOOH‐6 also exhibits impressive activity/durability for natural seawater electrolysis. This study enhances understanding of the properties and electronic structure of the c‐a interface for water splitting.
Grain Boundary Engineering Enhances the Thermoelectric Properties of Y2Te3
Authors: Rahman Jamil Ur , Guo Shuping , Pérez Nicolás , Jang Kyuseon , Jung Chanwon , Ying Pingjun , Scheu Christina , Zavanelli Duncan , Zhang Siyuan , Sotnikov Andrei , Snyder Gerald Jeffrey , van den Brink Jeroen , Nielsch Kornelius , He Ran
Published: December 2024

The performance of thermoelectric materials is typically assessed using the dimensionless figure of merit, zT. Increasing zT is challenging due to the intricate relationships between electrical and thermal transport properties. This study focuses on Y2Te3‐based thermoelectric materials, which are predicted to be promising for high‐temperature applications due to their inherently low lattice thermal conductivity. A series of Y2+xTe3 compositions with excess Y is synthesized to explore the effects on electronic and structural characteristics. Density functional theory calculations suggest that additional Y atoms increase charge carriers, thereby enhancing electrical conductivity and boosting thermoelectric performance. X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that the presence of excess Y reduces lattice volume and alters bonding structures. Furthermore, the addition of Bi significantly enhances the power factor by promoting the segregation of elemental Bi particles and the formation of Y‐Bi‐rich grain boundaries, which improve weighted mobility. This microstructural optimization leads to a fourfold increase in the Seebeck coefficient, resulting in a peak zT of 1.23 at 973 K and a predicted maximum conversion efficiency of 10.3% under a temperature difference of 673 K. These findings highlight the potential of Y2Te3 for high‐temperature thermoelectric applications and demonstrate the effectiveness of grain boundary engineering in enhancing thermoelectric performance.
Dimeric Acceptors Using Different Central Linkers to Manipulate Electronic and Morphological Properties
Authors: Tan Senke , Zeng Rui , Deng Jiawei , Han Fei , Lin Yi , Xu Fan , Kan Lixuan , Tang Zheng , Gong Yufei , Zhang Ming , Zhu Lei , Zhou Guanqing , Gao Xingyu , Li Xiaojun , Xue Xiaonan , Jing Hao , Zhang Yongming , Xu Shengjie , Liu Feng
Published: December 2024

Dimerized acceptors show promise in combining the high performance of small‐molecule non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) with the excellent stability of polymer acceptors. The central linking units that connect two acceptor molecules together have a profound impact on dimeric acceptor properties and structure‐performance relationships in blended thin films. It is seen that different linkers significantly affect the electronic properties and morphology in blended thin film. The electron‐donating linker elevates the absorption coefficient, affords a lower bandgap, and reduces energy loss, and thus better photovoltaic device performance. Better fibrillar morphology can be obtained. The best material DY‐EDOT‐based device shows a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.21%, an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.924 V, a short‐circuit current density (Jsc) of 25.20 mA cm−2, a fill factor (FF) of 78.19%, which is among the highest value for dimerized acceptors. This study reveals the fundamental importance of linker units in determining the dimerized acceptor properties and provides useful strategies for developing oligomeric and polymeric acceptors, which is critical in simultaneously improving the performance and stability of organic solar cells (OSCs).
Sulfonated Lignin Binder Blocks Active Iodine Dissolution and Polyiodide Shuttle Toward Durable Zinc‐Iodine Batteries
Authors: Chen Zhixiang , Zhang Jie , Zhou Chuancong , Guo Shan , Wu Daoxiong , Zhao Zaowen , Wang Zhitong , Li Jing , Xing Zhenyue , Rao Peng , Kang Zhenye , Tian Xinlong , Shi Xiaodong
Published: December 2024

The issues of active iodine dissolution and polyiodide shuttle severely hinder the development of zinc‐iodine batteries (ZIBs). Binder engineering is considered a valid strategy to kill two birds with one stone. Herein, sodium lignosulfonate (LS), an important derivative of lignin, is optimized as a neotype binder for the fabrication of an iodine‐loading cathode. Owing to the existence of the ‐SO3Na group, the electrostatic potential of LS molecule contains both negative and positive regions, which prefer to block the polyiodide shuttle behavior through the electrostatic repulsion effect, and adsorb the polyiodides through the electrostatic attraction effect, respectively. Meanwhile, LS molecule holds more negative Gibbs free energies for the consecutive radical reaction, and much stronger adsorption energies for iodine species, manifesting fast iodine conversion reaction kinetics, and effective inhibition for iodine dissolution behavior. As expected, the ZIBs based on LS binder delivers a high capacity of 153.6 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles at 0.1 A g−1, reversible capacity of 152.8 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 0.5 A g−1 (50 °C), and durable cycling stability for 12000 cycles at 5 A g−1, implying excellent iodine fixation ability of LS binder. This work guides the design of a special binder for iodine‐based electrodes and facilitates the practical application of ZIBs.
Hydrophobic Carbon Dots Prevent α‐Synucleinopathy and Suppress Neuroinflammation to Treat Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Li Lihua , Lu Yao , Ye Xiangling , Zhang Chi , Liu Jialin , Yang Zhongmin , Hao Jianhua
Published: December 2024

The aggregation of α‐synuclein (ɑ‐syn) coupled with overexpressed neuroinflammation instigates the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, thereby aggravating the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Herein, we introduced a series of hydrophobic amino acid–based carbon dots (CDs) for inhibiting ɑ‐syn aggregation and mitigating the inflammation in PD neurons. Significantly, we show phenylalanine CDs (Phe‐CDs) could strongly bind with ɑ‐syn monomers and dimers via hydrophobic force, maintain their stability, and inhibit their further aggregates in situ and in vitro, finally conferring neuroprotection in PD by rescuing synaptic loss, ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunctions, and modulating Ca2+ flux. Importantly, Phe‐CDs demonstrate the ability to penetrate the blood–brain barrier (BBB), significantly improving motor performance in PD mice. Our findings suggest that Phe‐CDs hold great promise as a therapeutic agent for PD and the relative neurodegenerative disease.
Phytochemicals From Salvia substolonifera With Anti‐Angiogenic Properties and Substolide H Decreased Oxygen‐Induced Retinal Neovascularization
Authors: Zhong Zhipeng , Chen Min , Zhu Cheng , Li Yu , Zhou Meilin , Wang Chaojie , Dong Jianyong
Published: December 2024

Retinal neovascularization is a pathological feature of ischemic retinopathy. Current therapeutic approaches are limited, and additional treatment options are needed. This study aims to discover lead compounds from Salvia substolonifera that inhibit angiogenesis. As a result, an undescribed norditerpene lactone, substolide H (3), and eight known compounds (1, 2, and 4–9) have been isolated. The structure was elucidated using synthetic spectroscopy and electron circular dichroism. Compounds 2, 3, 5, 7, and 9 inhibited human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) proliferation with IC50 values of 26.47, 6.10, 43.27, 36.81, and 35.11 µM, respectively. Compounds 2, 3, and 7 inhibited HUVEC migration with IC50 values of 12.48, 8.37, and 7.63 µM, respectively. Further studies have shown that the substolide H (3) suppresses tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and that intravitreous administration suppresses retinal neovascularization in oxygen‐induced retinopathy mice. Turning to its mechanism of action, we have shown that the anti‐angiogenic effect of the substolide H may be through the downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression and the phosphorylation of VEGFR2, ERK1/2, and protein kinase B. Our study represents the first report of these anti‐angiogenic compounds from this plant, and substolide H may be a potential candidate for the treatment of retinal neovascularization.
Ni2+ in Distorted Octahedral Geometry toward High‐Efficiency NIR‐II/III emitter
Authors: Yang Ye , Qin Shanli , Zhang Junfang , Zhao Suxin , Shen Linawa , Zhang Xinguo , Pang Qi , Chen Peican , Zhou Liya
Published: December 2024

Ni2+ activated phosphor has attracted wide attention because it can be radiated in near‐infrared (NIR) II–III region; however, the low external quantum yield (EQY) hinders its further application (most are below 8 %). In this work, distortion of crystallographic site strategy is proposed to enhance EQY. LaTiTaO6: 0.004Ni2+ exhibits an NIR emitting spectrum centered at 1450 nm with an EQY of ~9.00 %, which has been the highest EQY of reported Ni2+ single‐doped phosphor. Distortion degrees of the octahedral geometry in LaTiTaO6 and LaTiTaO6: 0.004Ni2+ changing from 0.038 to 0.047 result in the absorption efficiency of 38.6 % due to the breaking of parity forbidden of the d‐d transition, further improving the EQY. Besides, LaTiTaO6: 0.004Ni2+ mixed with LaTiTaO6: 0.04Cr3+ phosphors have demonstrated their application for spectral analysis. This work provides a new idea for constructing efficient NIR‐II to NIR‐III phosphors.
Sustainability reporting quality and firm value in ASEAN+3: A series moderation model
Authors: Van Hien Vo , Nguyen Nha Minh , Abu Afifa Malik , Vo Dao Truc Thi , Van Bui Duong
Published: December 2024

Research on sustainability and firm value has increased recently. However, there is little evidence in this context from ASEAN+3 (i.e., three major Asian economies [South Korea, Japan, and China] and six dynamic economies in the ASEAN region [Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam]). Therefore, this study explores the impact of sustainability reporting quality on firm value in the ASEAN+3 context. The study also explores the moderating role of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices, board gender diversity, board size, and the number of board meetings on the “sustainability reporting quality—firm value nexus.” Data collected from Thomson Reuters Asset4 with a sample size of 923 firms during the period 2019–2023 (4615 firm‐year observations). Regression analysis techniques used include pooled ordinary least squares, fixed effects, and random effects models. The analysis results show new and unique discoveries from ASEAN+3. First, sustainability reporting quality has a positive impact on firm value. Second, ESG practices negatively moderate the “sustainability reporting quality—firm value nexus.” Third, the higher number of board members reduces the “sustainability reporting quality—firm value nexus”; however, the negative level of major economies is lower than that of ASEAN countries. Finally, the firm with more independent female directors strengthens the “sustainability reporting quality—firm value nexus.” This study enriches signaling theory and agency theory by highlighting the complex relationship between components and firm value. To enhance firm value within ASEAN+3, policymakers should prioritize standardized ESG reporting regulations and transparent communication channels; stakeholders must hold managers accountable for genuine ESG implementation and high‐quality reporting; and businesses should prioritize board diversity, particularly independent female directors, alongside sustainability training.
Detecting the effect of intensive agriculture on Odonata diversity using citizen science data
Authors: Baeta Renaud , Léauté Justine , Sansault Éric , Pincebourde Sylvain
Published: December 2024

Agricultural areas represent one of the major ecosystems of the world. Intensification of agricultural practices produced openfields characterized by low biological diversity. Nevertheless, the distance up to which intensive agricultural fields alter surrounding natural systems is rarely quantified. We determined the spatial scale at which agricultural landscapes alter the diversity of Odonates, a key taxon in wetland ponds, and we tested to what extent citizen science data can be used reliably for this purpose. We compiled 7731 observations made in a portion of the region Centre‐Val‐de‐Loire (France) over 10 years by naturalists on 729 water bodies to analyze the effect of agricultural landscapes (mainly wheat, rapeseed, sunflower) on the species richness of both damselflies and dragonflies in lentic systems. Sixty species were reported over the 10‐year period. For dragonflies, intensive agricultural landscapes best explained their richness at the scales of 800 and 1600 m for overall and autochthonous species, respectively, when using the full dataset. The spatial scale was smaller for damselflies, at 200 m for both overall and autochthonous species. These distances were not severely impacted when constraining the data to consider several biases. Multimodel averaging showed that the proportion of intensive agriculture decreased species richness, despite the potential biases inherent to an imperfect database acquired by citizens. This imperfect citizen dataset allows to infer the lowest effect size of agriculture on species richness. Quantitatively, this effect was more important for autochthonous species. Interestingly, both relatively rare taxa and common or generalist species can be under threat in intensive agricultural landscapes, calling for more ecotoxicological studies. The influence of agricultural practices from a distance implies that conservation and management plans of wetland ponds should consider the landscape ecological characteristics and not only the pond features. Conservation efforts focusing too locally on a site may be undermined because intensive agriculture from a distance limits the potential for the site to recover highly diverse communities. These distant effects should be integrated by policy‐makers when deciding which wetland pond should benefit from a conservation plan or which conservation action may be planned, implementing, for instance, buffer zones and/or ecological corridors composed of natural vegetation.
Thermal management matters in photovoltaic–electrocatalysis for solar hydrogen production
Authors: Chen Jie , Chen Xin , Sun Jie , Qu Jingkuo , Guan Xiangjiu , Shen Shaohua
Published: December 2024

Photovoltaic–electrolysis (PV‐EC) system currently exhibits the highest solar to hydrogen conversion efficiency (STH) among various technical routes. This perspective shifts the focus from the materials exploration in photovoltaics and electrolysis to the critical aspect of thermal management in a PV‐EC system. Initially, the theoretical basis that elucidates the relationships between temperature and the performance of both photovoltaics and electrolyzers are presented. Following that, the impact of thermal management on the performance of PV‐EC for solar hydrogen production is experimentally demonstrated by designing variables‐controlling experiments. It is observed that while utilizing identical PV and EC cells under varying thermal conditions, the highest STH can reach 22.20%, whilst the lowest is only 15.61%. This variation underscores the significance of thermal management in optimizing PV‐EC systems. Finally, increased efforts to enhancing heat transfer and optimizing heat distribution are proposed, thus facilitating the design of more efficient PV‐EC systems with minimized thermal energy losses.
Midterm outcomes of patients with native heart recovery after Impella 5+ for cardiogenic shock
Authors: Bandini Marta , D'Ettore Nicoletta , Iannotti Walther , Capobianco Tommaso , Maj Giulia , Cardinale Astrid , Gallo Alina , Audo Andrea , Pappalardo Federico
Published: December 2024

Aims

Left ventricular unloading by percutaneous microaxial flow‐pump devices has been shown to improve survival in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS). The objective of the study is to examine whether Impella 5.0/5.5 (5+) support is effective in facilitating heart recovery, overall survival, and quality of life.

Methods and results

This single‐centre retrospective study examined midterm (180 days) outcomes of patients with CS supported by Impella 5+ who achieved heart recovery. The primary endpoint was survival at 180 days and freedom from implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD), heart transplant/left ventricular assist device (LVAD), or readmission for heart failure. Functional status was assessed with New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification. Between June 2022 and April 2024, 20 patients with CS (64 ± 8.9 years, 80% male) received Impella 5+ and discharged with heart recovery. Before Impella placement, mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 19.2 ± 5.2%, 7 (35%) patients were SCAI stage C, 9 (45%) SCAI stage D, and 4 (20%) SCAI stage E, and the mean vasoactive‐inotropic score was 23.2 ± 38.0. The average duration of Impella support was 10.5 ± 8 days. At 180 days, 19 (95%) patients were alive, no patient received a heart transplant/LVAD, 40% were implanted with an ICD and there were two admissions for heart failure. The mean LVEF was 33.5 ± 10.7%, 5 (26.3%) patients were NYHA class I, 9 (47.4%) were NYHA class II, and 5 (26.3%) were NYHA class III. One patient died from a non‐cardiac cause.

Conclusion

Impella 5+ represents a promising treatment strategy for CS, providing high rates of sustained native heart recovery. A comprehensive platform of mechanical and pharmacological unloading is key.
The Insertion Reactions of GeCl2 with Mono‐ and Bis‐κ2‐N,S‐Chelated Ru(II) Complexes
Authors: Ahmad Asif , Assanar Faneesha , Gupta Urvashi , Shukla Pratima , Nagendran Selvarajan , Ghosh Sundargopal
Published: December 2024

The dual‐site insertion of GeCl2 into bis‐1,3‐N,S‐chelated ruthenium complexes, [(PPh3)2Ru{κ2‐N,S‐(L)2}], (cis‐1 L1 and cis‐1 L2; L=NC5H4S (L1); L=NC7H4S2 (L2)) has been investigated by using the electron‐rich behavior of these ruthenium systems. The treatment of cis‐1 L1 and cis‐1 L2 with GeCl2.dioxane led to the isolation of dual‐site GeCl2 inserted [(PPh3)2Ru{κ2‐Ge,S‐(GeCl2L)2}], (cis‐2 L1 and cis‐2 L2) and mono‐site GeCl2 inserted product [(PPh3)2{κ2‐Ge,S‐(GeCl2L)}Ru(κ2‐N,S‐L)], (trans‐3 L1 and trans‐3 L2). The cis‐2 L1 and cis‐2 L2 have two fused 5‐membered (RuGeNCS) rings, while the trans‐3 L1 and trans‐3 L2 have one 5‐membered (RuGeNCS) and one 4‐membered (RuNCS) ring. The molecular structure of cis‐2 L1 shows that both the germanium centers have distorted tetrahedral geometry. Similarly, treatment of mono‐1,3‐N,S‐chelated ruthenium complex, [{κ2‐N,S‐(NS2C7H4)}Ru{κ3‐H,S,S‐H2B(NC7H4S2)2}PPh3], trans‐4 with GeCl2.dioxane yielded Ge‐inserted complex, [{κ2‐Ge,S‐(GeCl2NS2C7H4)}Ru{κ3‐H,S,S‐H2B (NC7H4S2)2}], (trans‐5). Further, to study the possibility of inserting GeCl2 into the Ge(II)−S bond, we have made mercapto ligand functionalized germylenes, [{(iBu)2ATI}Ge (NC5H4S)] (6 L1) and [{(iBu)2ATI}Ge(NC7H4S2)] (6 L2).
The Matrix‐Free Macro‐Element Hybridized Discontinuous Galerkin Method for Steady and Unsteady Compressible Flows
Authors: Badrkhani Vahid , ten Eikelder Marco F. P. , Hiemstra René R. , Schillinger Dominik
Published: December 2024

The macro‐element variant of the hybridized discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) method combines advantages of continuous and discontinuous finite element discretization. In this paper, we investigate the performance of the macro‐element HDG method for the analysis of compressible flow problems at moderate Reynolds numbers. To efficiently handle the corresponding large systems of equations, we explore several strategies at the solver level. On the one hand, we utilize a second‐layer static condensation approach that reduces the size of the local system matrix in each macro‐element and hence the factorization time of the local solver. On the other hand, we employ a multi‐level preconditioner based on the FGMRES solver for the global system that integrates well within a matrix‐free implementation. In addition, we integrate a standard diagonally implicit Runge–Kutta scheme for time integration. We test the matrix‐free macro‐element HDG method for compressible flow benchmarks, including Couette flow, flow past a sphere, and the Taylor–Green vortex. Our results show that unlike standard HDG, the macro‐element HDG method can operate efficiently for moderate polynomial degrees, as the local computational load can be flexibly increased via mesh refinement within a macro‐element. Our results also show that due to the balance of local and global operations, the reduction in degrees of freedom, and the reduction of the global problem size and the number of iterations for its solution, the macro‐element HDG method can be a competitive option for the analysis of compressible flow problems.
Evaluation of Safety and Probiotic Properties of Weissella spp. in Fermented Vegetables From Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
Authors: Liu Chen , An Chao , Zhang Jingjing , Liu Yao , Zhang Qiwen , Ding Hao , Ma Saijian , Xue Wenjiao
Published: December 2024

The genus Weissella, commonly found in fermented foods, is a significant group of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with potential probiotic properties. Several Weissella strains have been proposed as probiotics due to their biotechnological capabilities. However, a few strains may exhibit opportunistic pathogenic behavior, which restricts the widespread use of all Weissella strains in food applications. This study sought to expand our understanding of the biotechnological capabilities of Weissella spp. by examining the safety and functional characteristics of strains isolated from spontaneous fermentation. In this investigation, nine Weissella strains were evaluated for their safety and probiotic potential. The safety assessment revealed that the antibiotic resistance profiles of strains 16‐2, 38‐3, 69‐3, 91‐3, 91‐5, 104‐4, and 106‐5 were comparable or superior to the reference strain LGG. Hemolytic activity and ammonia production were also evaluated, but no positive results were observed. Further probiotic experiments demonstrated that strain 91‐5 exhibited superior performance in several areas, including survival rates in simulated gastrointestinal fluids, cell surface properties (hydrophobicity and adhesion to Caco‐2 cells), ABTS+ scavenging ability, antimicrobial activity, and cholesterol assimilation in vitro. Additionally, strain 104‐4 produced an exopolysaccharide (EPS) yield of 35.11 g/L after 48 h of culture in MRS‐sucrose (60 g/L) medium, surpassing most previously reported values. These findings suggest that strains 91‐5 and 104‐4 show promise as potential probiotic candidates for the development of new functional food supplements. Furthermore, this research expands the theoretical basis for considering Weissella strains as novel probiotics.
Sparsity of Population Activity in the Hippocampus Is Task‐Invariant Across the Trisynaptic Circuit and Dorsoventral Axis
Authors: Lee J. Quinn , Nielsen Matt , McHugh Rebecca , Morgan Erik , Hong Nancy S. , Sutherland Robert J. , McDonald Robert J.
Published: December 2024

Evidence from neurophysiological and genetic studies demonstrates that activity sparsity—the proportion of neurons that are active at a given time in a population—systematically varies across the canonical trisynaptic circuit of the hippocampus. Recent work has also shown that sparsity varies across the hippocampal dorsoventral (long) axis, wherein activity is sparser in ventral than dorsal regions. While the hippocampus has a critical role in long‐term memory (LTM), whether sparsity across the trisynaptic circuit and hippocampal long axis is task‐dependent or invariant remains unknown. Importantly, representational sparsity has significant implications for neural computation and theoretical models of learning and memory within and beyond the hippocampus. Here we used functional molecular imaging to quantify sparsity in the rat hippocampus during performance of the Morris water task (MWT) and contextual fear discrimination (CFD) – two popular and distinct assays of LTM. We found that activity sparsity is highly reliable across memory tasks, wherein activity increases sequentially across the trisynaptic circuit (DG < CA3 < CA1) and decreases across the long axis (ventral<dorsal). These results have important implications for models of hippocampal function and suggest that activity sparsity is a preserved property in the hippocampal system across cognitive settings.
Maternal genetic risk factors for spontaneous preterm birth: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mladenić Tea , Barišić Anita , Pereza Nina , Ostojić Saša , Peterlin Borut , Dević Pavlić Sanja
Published: December 2024

Background

Despite various genomic approaches used in prior studies investigating the association of maternal genetic variability with spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB), results show inconsistency and contradictions.

Objectives

To conduct a systematic review of studies analyzing the association between maternal genetic variants and sPTB, evaluate retrieved studies based on selection criteria, classify studies into hypothesis‐based and hypothesis‐free, and perform a meta‐analysis to identify the strongest associations.

Search strategy

PubMed, Scopus, and reference lists were searched until October 2024.

Selection criteria

English‐language, case–control, cross‐sectional, and prospective cohort studies examining the association between maternal genetic variations and sPTB were included.

Data collection and analysis

Data on authors, publication year, ethnicity, genes/variants, P values, study type, sample size, inclusion criteria, and methods were collected. The association strength was estimated using odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals.

Results

Eighty‐one studies met eligibility criteria: 73 utilized a hypothesis‐based and 14 a hypothesis‐free approach. Thirty‐five studies qualified for a meta‐analysis, revealing a significant association in tumor necrosis factor α (rs1800629) gene for alleles and additive and recessive genetic models (P ≤ 0.05). From the hypothesis‐free approach, 13 genes reached global significance in association with sPTB (P < 5 × 10−8).

Conclusions

No single gene or variant was consistently associated with sPTB risk among studies. Hypothesis‐based analyses highlighted tumor necrosis factor α (rs1800629) as a modest signal, while hypothesis‐free approaches identified 13 genes with genome‐wide significance, pointing to new research directions in understanding sPTB genetics.
NBI With Optical Magnification Shows Good Interobserver Agreement in Diagnosing H. Pylori Gastritis
Authors: Kumar Vijosh V. , Sabu K. G. , Javed P. , Vivek Kumar K. V. , Ansari Jaseem , Rangan Kavitha , Parveen Adila A. K.
Published: December 2024

Objective

To study the interobserver agreement for diagnosing Helicobacter pylori gastritis using narrow band imaging (NBI) with magnification.

Methods

This prospective study recruited patients who underwent gastroscopy for dyspepsia in the Department of Gastroenterology, Aster MIMS Hospital, Kannur.361 patients were included in the study. The gastroscopy was performed using high‐definition white light endoscopy (WLE) and NBI with magnification. Histopathology and rapid urease test were used to detect HP infection. Endoscopy videos were analyzed by three trained endoscopists who were blinded to each other. NBI patterns were classified into four types (Types 1, 2A, 2B, and 3). Interobserver variability was examined using Kappa Statistics.

Results

164 of 361 patients had HP infection (45.42%). Of 361 people, 199 had Type 1 (55.12%), 54 Type 2a (14.95%), 65 Type 2b (18%), and 43 Type 3 cases (11.91%). There was good interobserver agreement with a kappa value of 0.730 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.693–0.768). 87% of HP‐negative patients had Type 1 NBI pattern. 79.5% of type 2A and 89.2% of Type 2b pattern were HP positive. The Type 1 pattern identified normal gastric mucosa with 84.75% sensitivity, 88.32% specificity and 87.4% negative predictive value. Type 2 and Type 3 NBI patterns had high positive predictive value and specificity for HP infection.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates excellent interobserver agreement among experienced endoscopists in using NBI to identify gastric mucosal patterns associated with HP infection. While biopsies remain essential for comprehensive evaluation of gastric pathologies, our findings suggest that NBI, with appropriate training and validation, may have the potential to reduce the need for biopsies in specific cases where the primary concern is HP infection. The good level of interobserver agreement seen in our study is encouraging and suggests that NBI has the potential to be a reliable tool for diagnosing HP infection.
Genetic Mutations in Cell Junction Proteins Associated with Brain Calcification
Authors: Yang Dehao , Jiang Zihan , Huang Honghao , Wang Lebo , Ying Chenxin , Chen Yiqun , Lu Yangguang , Zhang Tingxuan , Zhu Yusheng , Wang Shiyue , Wang Yaoting , Guo Yuru , Wang Haoyu , Cen Zhidong , Luo Wei
Published: December 2024

Intracerebral calcium deposition, classified into primary familial brain calcification (PFBC) and secondary brain calcification, occurs within the brain parenchyma and vasculature. PFBC manifests with progressive motor decline, dysarthria, and cognitive impairment, with limited treatment options available. Recent research has suggested a link between dysfunction of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and PFBC, with certain genetic variants potentially affecting neurovascular unit (NVU) function, thereby contributing to BBB integrity disruption and brain calcification. Cell junctions play an indispensable role in maintaining the function of NVUs. The pathogenic mechanisms of PFBC‐causative genes, such as PDGFRB, PDGFB, MYORG, and JAM2, involve NVU disruption. Cell junctions, such as tight junctions, gap junctions, adherens junctions, desmosomes, hemidesmosomes, and focal adhesions, are vital for cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix connections, maintaining barrier function, cell adhesion, and facilitating ion and metabolite exchange. Several recent studies have highlighted the role of mutations in genes encoding cell junction proteins in the onset and progression of brain calcification and its related phenotypes. This emerging body of research offers a unique perspective for investigating the underlying mechanisms driving brain calcification. In this review, we conducted an examination of the literature reporting on genetic variants in cell junction proteins associated with brain calcification to delineate potential molecular pathways and investigate genotype–phenotype correlations. This approach not only reinforces the rationale for molecular subtyping of brain calcification but also lays the groundwork for the discovery of novel causative genes involved in pathogenesis. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
A new method for global h$$ h $$‐stability analysis for discrete‐time nonlinear systems with time‐varying delays
Authors: Zhang Xian , Zhang Huan , Yang Xiaona , Yu Tianqiu
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we characterize the global
‐stability of discrete‐time nonlinear systems (DTNSs) with time‐varying delays. The global
‐stability encompasses several well‐known types of stability by using different choices of
functions, such as global exponential stability (ES), Lagrange exponential stability (LES), and asymptotic stability. By exploiting a direct method based on the system solutions, we give a sufficient condition for the global
‐stability of the DTNSs in the form of simple inequalities that can be easily handled in MATLAB. Finally, numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the method.
Comprehensive Targeted and Quantitative Profiling of the Human Milk Metabolome: Impact of Delivery Mode, Breastfeeding Practices, and Maternal Diet
Authors: Calvo‐Lerma Joaquim , Cabrera‐Rubio Raúl , Lerin Carles , González Sonia , Selma‐Royo Marta , Martínez‐Costa Cecilia , Bottiglieri Teodoro , Collado Maria Carmen
Published: December 2024

Scope

Human milk (HM) is rich in bioactive compounds and essential nutrients. While research has focused on lipids, minerals, immune markers, microbiota, and oligosaccharides, specific metabolites are less studied. This study uses targeted metabolomics to identify and quantify metabolites in HM and explores the impact of perinatal and dietary factors on the metabolomic profile.

Methods and results

In a cross‐sectional study of 123 healthy lactating women, HM samples were collected up to 1 month postpartum and analyzed using the Biocrates MxP Quant 500 kit. Maternal and neonatal clinical, anthropometric, and nutritional data were collected. A total of 432 metabolites were quantified and categorized into 20 groups. The metabolomic profiles formed three distinct clusters, primarily driven by triglyceride concentration differences. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels were higher in HM from mothers with vaginal delivery compared to C‐section births and differences in hexoses were found between exclusive and mixed‐feeding practices. Maternal diets rich in lipids and animal proteins were associated with elevated amino acids, sphingolipids, and glycosyl‐ceramides.

Conclusion

The HM metabolome was grouped into three clusters influenced by delivery mode, lactation practices, and maternal diet. This comprehensive analysis opens new avenues to explore HM composition and offers valuable insights for future dietary interventions aimed at modulating HM.
An attention mechanism‐based lightweight UNet for musculoskeletal ultrasound image segmentation
Authors: Zhang Yan , Yu Xilong , Hu Qing , Zhang Xianlei , Yang Yixin , Xiao Han
Published: December 2024

Background

Accurate musculoseletal ultrasound (MSKUS) image segmentation is crucial for diagnosis and treatment planning. Compared with traditional segmentation methods, deploying deep learning segmentation methods that balance segmentation efficiency, accuracy, and model size on edge devices has greater advantages.

Purpose

This paper aims to design a MSKUS image segmentation method that has fewer parameters, lower computation complexity and higher segmentation accuracy.

Methods

In this study, an attention mechanism‐based lightweight UNet (AML‐UNet) is designed to segment target muscle regions in MSKUS images. To suppress the transmission of redundant feature, Channel Reconstruction and Spatial Attention Module is designed in the encoding path. In addition, considering the inherent characteristic of MSKUS image, Multiscale Aggregation Module is developed to replace the skip connection architecture of U‐Net. Deep supervision is also introduced to the decoding path to refine predicted masks gradually. Our method is evaluated on two MSKUS 2D‐image segmentation datasets, including 3917 MSKUS and 1534 images respectively. In the experiments, a five‐fold cross‐validation method is adopted in ablation experiments and comparison experiments. In addition, Wilcoxon Signed‐Rank Test and Bonferroni correction are employed to validate the significance level. 0.01 was used as the statistical significance level in our paper.

Results

AML‐UNet yielded a mIoU of 84.17% and 90.14% on two datasets, representing a 3.38% () and 3.48% () over the Unext model. The number of parameters and FLOPs are only 0.21M and 0.96G, which are 1/34 and 1/29 of those in comparison with UNet.

Conclusions

Our proposed model achieved superior results with fewer parameters while maintaining segmentation efficiency and accuracy compared to other methods.
Blickpunkt Anorganik: Zwischen Keramik und Metall
Authors: Birkel Christina , Kubitza Niels
Published: December 2024

Metalle sind typischerweise weniger temperatur‐ und oxidationsbeständig als Keramiken. Aber sie leiten Strom und Wärme besser. Eine Substanzklasse vereint die Charakteristika beider Materialklassen: Carbid‐ und Nitrid‐Schichtverbindungen aus der Familie der MAX‐Phasen.
Gepriesen, gefürchtet, umstritten
Authors: Hübner Karl
Published: December 2024

Im Jahr 1974 wurde Roundup zugelassen. Zeit, an den 50. Geburtstag des ersten Glyphosat‐Produkts zu erinnern. Angesichts zunehmender Kritik hielt sich die Feierlaune allerdings in Grenzen.
Einzelstoffe oder Gruppen regulieren
Authors: Magerkurth Clemens , Rühl Reinhold
Published: December 2024

Ob es gerechtfertigt ist, Per‐ und Polyfluoralkylsubstanzen (PFAS) in der EU als gesamte Stoffgruppe zu verbieten, diskutieren Wirtschaft, Politik und Wissenschaft. Das Beispiel der Oxime zeigt, welche Folgen es hat, wenn Einzelstoffe anstelle einer gesamten Stoffgruppe bewertet und in der Nutzung beschränkt werden.
Exponential Stability and H∞$$ {H}_{\infty } $$ Controller Design for 2‐D Discrete‐State Systems in Roesser Model With Directional Delays
Authors: Vu Le Huy
Published: December 2024

This study looks at the problems related to exponential stability and controller design for a specific class of two‐dimensional discrete‐state systems (2‐D‐DSS) with directional constant delays (DCDs) in the Roesser model. Initially, by applying the two‐dimensional (2‐D) Lyapunov–Kravoskii functional approach, a condition is formulated as a linear matrix inequality (LMI) to ensure that the system remains exponentially stable while achieving an performance level of . Following this, a approach for designing a state feedback controller (SFB‐) is presented as a practical application of the derived results. Finally, several examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.
Premature Infants Show Consistently Good Lung Compliance During Conventional Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Reiss Annalena , Lauth Wanda , Wald Martin
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Many extremely small preterm infants need to be intubated and mechanically ventilated during their intensive care stay. Animal studies indicate that lung compliance can deteriorate rapidly under conventional ventilation. This study investigated whether this presumed deterioration in compliance actually occurs in extremely small preterm infants.

Methods

Data from 56 conventionally ventilated preterm infants born from 2016 to 2022 at 25.22 weeks' gestation (±1.47) and 678.71 g (±138.14) birth weight were retrospectively analysed. This study investigated how dynamic compliance changed over the course of ventilation.

Results

The infants were conventionally ventilated from 7.25 days of life (±5.59) for 2.68 days (±2.35). Compliance at the beginning was 0.37 mL/cmH2O/kg (±0.17), after 1 h 0.38 mL/cmH2O/kg (±0.16), after 3 h 0.40 mL/cmH2O/kg (±0.20), after 6 h 0.44 mL/cmH2O/kg (±0.23), after 24 h 0.46 mL/cmH2O/kg (±0.17) and after 48 h 0.43 mL/cmH2O/kg (±0.13). The increase in compliance compared to baseline was statistically significant after 12 (p = 0.016) and 24 h (p = 0.042). Ventilation was performed with a PEEP of 7.51 cmH2O (±1.16) and a peak pressure of 20.64 cmH2O (±2.73). All received surfactant after birth and 21 (37.5%) also at the start of conventional ventilation.

Conclusion

During conventional ventilation in premature infants after administration of surfactant and with basically recruited lungs, no deterioration in compliance was observed either in the short or long term. The PEEP of almost 7.5 cmH2O used may have contributed to the fact that the deterioration described in the animal model did not occur in the preterm infants.
Linaclotide Use for the Treatment of Constipation and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in People With Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Kormelink Lauren N. , Jacobs HollyAnn R.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem autosomal recessive disease characterized by thick, sticky mucus which causes lung disease, pancreatic insufficiency, and many other manifestations. Constipation is a common complication in CF and few advances in treatment have been made until recent years. Linaclotide is a treatment approved for chronic idiopathic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation. This case series investigates the potential for use of this agent in adult people with CF (pwCF).

Methods

A retrospective case series of 39 pwCF who are currently or previously prescribed linaclotide was completed at two adult Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (CFF) Accredited Care Centers. All patients 18 years and older were included with no exclusions. We reported results using descriptive statistics.

Results

A total of 39 patients were identified for inclusion. The daily starting dose of linaclotide did vary with 18%, 72%, and 10% started on 72 mcg, 145 mcg, and 290 mcg respectively. Most patients (n = 30, 77%) reported experiencing no side effects. Of the total patients, 15% (n = 6) reported the medicine was not effective and 10% (n = 4) had to stop therapy due to adverse reactions. More than half of patients started on therapy were able to reduce baseline treatments for constipation.

Conclusion

While this case series shows compelling data that may indicate benefit and tolerability of linaclotide use in pw CF, more research is needed to fully evaluate safety and efficacy of linaclotide for treating constipation in pwCF.
Reliability Assessment for Dual Constant‐Stress Accelerated Life Test Based on Weibull Distribution With Type‐II Censoring
Authors: Feng Xuefeng , Tang Jiayin
Published: December 2024

Accelerated life test (ALT) is a generally feasible and effective approach for evaluating the reliability of highly reliable products at normal operating conditions. This paper considers the reliability assessment for a dual constant‐stress ALT with Type‐II censoring for the Weibull distribution with constant shape parameter and a log‐linear link between the scale parameter and the stress factors. We derive the maximum likelihood estimates, weighted least squares estimates using a certain random variable transformation, and a combined maximum likelihood‐least squares estimates for the unknown parameters. In addition, we construct confidence intervals for the parameters of interest using both asymptotic theory and parametric bootstrap technique. Finally, simulation studies and an illustrative example are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed methods.
Universal Multiport Interferometers for Post‐Selected Multi‐Photon Gates
Authors: Baldazzi Alessio , Pavesi Lorenzo
Published: December 2024

It is showed how to use universal multiport interferometers' schemes in order to create photonic post‐selected Controlled‐Z and Controlled–Controlled‐Z gates, which are equivalent, modulo single‐qubit gates, to Controlled‐NOT and Toffoli gates, respectively. The new proposed method is based on the following ingredients: identical single photons, Mach–Zehnder interferometer networks, single‐photon detectors and post‐selection. In particular, by using dual‐rail path encoding together with auxiliary paths and single photons, the success probabilities of such gates is improved. This result further proves the complexity and richness of Reck and Clements schemes beyond the usual notions and practices of Boson Sampling.