bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge-Based Assessment and training of Agricultural Development Programme (ADP) - Staff on Roselle as a functional and economic valuable crop for food security and income generation
Authors: Omenna Emmanuel , Olanipekun, O.T. , Ejigbo E.A. , Farinde E.O. , Adelakun O.J. , Fasoyiro S.B. , Ashaye O.A.
Published: August 2024

The study was conducted to assess the knowledge of the Agricultural Development Programme (ADP)-staff on the nutraceutical and nutritional potentials of Roselle calyx as well as to train them on how to process the calyces for food sustainability and income generation. Pre-test and post-test evaluations were administered before and after the training respectively. The hand-on-training includes processing of different Roselle –products such as Roselle wine, Roselle tea, Roselle –Apple drink (RAD), Roselle-Sugar-drink(RSD) and Roselle Jam. Sensory evaluation was conducted on these Roselle food products using 9 –point hedonic scale(1=dislike extremely and 9=like extremely). Demographic survey showed that all the participants were females and about 75% were first degree holders while 25% were second degree holders. The results of pre-test showed that about 80% of the participants had been involved in previous training on other foods processing. Although, < 50 % of the participants had little or no knowledge about Roselle processing. Sensory evaluation showed that RSD was the most preferred sample by the panelists with a rating score of 8.4 point. On the same vein, the panelists’ responses implied that RSD was significantly rated higher than RAD in terms of flavor, taste and texture. Other Roselle products like Roselle jam, wine and tea were sensoriallyrated high indicating general acceptability. In conclusion, the result of post- training evaluation showed that more than ninety percent of the participants were eager to put the acquired skills into practice and had expressed their readiness to generate income.
Accessing the Food Security Component of Households in Dimapur, Nagaland
Authors: Jaiswal Sunil , Anand Subash , Singh Daljit , Kaur Ushvinder , Dr. Rachna Dua  , Lal B.
Published: August 2024

Green revolution had a great impact on the part of production and food availability. However, the famine issue didn´'t disappear and it was understood that basic reason was less supply of food but rather more the power of purchasing of explicit people social gatherings. In this study, food security components of households were accessed in small, medium and large family from a food basket to obtain the food security index by using both primary and secondary data of production andconsumption pattern of Dimapur. The small size (< 4) family showed the maximum unsecured households of around 86 per cent, the medium size (5-7) family household holds around 50 per cent of secured and unsecured households whereas large size (> 8) family households were also unsecured with 50 per cent.
Mortality of Chickens in Lower Broiler Poultry Farm Concentration Districts of Punjab
Authors: Goel Rudhita , Toor Jasdeep Singh
Published: August 2024

Poultry farming is a commercial venture, generating regular employment and income opportunities to the rural people. However, the major hinderance for the growth of broilers reared in this type of farming, is the mortality of chickens as it largely affects the economic aspects of the farmers. The present study is undertaken to analyse the mortality pattern in various broiler poultry farms situated in the lower concentration districts of Punjab. The mortality pattern in the flock of birds according to the age and variation in seasons is also taken into consideration. Using the Garrett Ranking Technique to analyse the cause of mortality among the birds and taking six factors into consideration, it has been found that mortality from diseases is the top most cause resulting in the death of the birds. Untimely provision of vaccinations to the birds is ranked second as it deteriorates chickens health and improper litter management is ranked the least affecting factor for the mortality of birds. More than a half of the broiler poultry farmers have reported maximum chances of mortality in the summer season. Most of the birds die in the first week of their rearing period.
To study the effect of dietary modification on Hemodialysis patients
Authors: Shikha Deep , Mishra Sunita
Published: August 2024

Chronic kidney disease is a world wide public health challenge since patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have to live on haemodialysis(HD) for the rest of their lives unless a kidney donor and a successful kidney transplantation is carried out.Patients on HD have increased mortality compared with the general population.Several factors can play a negative role and increase risk of mortality among HD patients, particularly cardiovascular diseases. Animportant non cardiovascular risk factor of mortality among HD patients is malnutrition.Malnutrition in HD patients is due to restrictive food recommendations, poor appetite, and drug-related factors.Protein energy wasting (PEW) are common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially in patients on dialysis either on haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.One of the most important factors affecting the quality of life of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients is nutrition. Prevention of malnutrition increases patientsquality and length of life
Popularization of green gram flour incorporated foods among home makers to overcome malnutrition
Authors: Jeevarathinam A. , Shanmugalakshmi S.
Published: August 2024

Malnutritionis a life-threateningcondition often caused by a diet lacking in essential proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals. It is one of the major health problems faced by the developing countries. It puts the young children puts them at a higher risk of experiencing health problems such as stunted growth, mental retardation, and increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. More than 200 million school age children are affected by malnutrition, if no action is taken and at this rate, about one billion school children will be growing up by 2020 with impaired physical and mental development. Malnutrition, influenced by economic (rising food prices), social (food taboos), environmental (poor sanitation/ hygiene)and individual (inadequate food intake) factors is an important concern in children under 6 years. The dietary approach is more sustainable to alleviate malnutrition.Dietary proteins serves as major protein sources in the diets of the poor in the underdeveloped and developing countriesto overcome malnutrition.Among the protein rich foods Mungbean (Vignaradiata), also called green gram is a tropical legume, widely grown in Asia, particularly in Thailand, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. They are grown widely for use as human food (as dry beans or fresh sprouts). They contribute high levels of proteins, amino acids, oligosaccharides, and polyphenols to the antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activitiesin food.Keeping these points in mind, the present study was designed to formulate various recipes from nutrient rich green gram flour andpopularize it among home makers who care for their children health.
Green bar“astudy on bar sustainability”
Authors: Kant Shashi , Singh Saumya , Singh Chauhan Hitendra
Published: August 2024

After a hard day, BARshave become one of the most common places to unwind. People enjoy going to bars because they provide a great atmosphere for socialising and rewarding themselves after achieving a goal, or because they might be a location to make someone feel better.However, we must recognise that a substantial amount of bar waste can be harmful.Bars can contribute to climate change and air pollution by enabling "poor waste management" Additionally, have a direct effect on a great number of habitats and species. Since humans have produced an excessive amount of waste, we, as responsible consumers, must devise solutions. Choosing zero-waste eco-friendly bars will reinforce a planet-conscious mentality by shifting the focus to biodegradable, low-waste, and environmentally beneficial ingredients.
Dermatophytosis and Antifungal Therapies in various Systems with Special Emphasis on Homoeopathy: A Narrative Review
Authors: Katravatu Nanaku Naik , Shinde Chetan H. , Bipin raj NK
Published: August 2024

Superficial skin diseases are mainly caused by dermatophytes. Skin affections caused by these dermatophytes are commonly known as ringworm or Tinea or dermatophytosis. Generally, these infections are not that much of serious, but if the infection becomes chronic and resistant to commonly used topical antifungal drugs, it would be very difficult to treat Dermatophytes. Trichophyton rubrumis the main causative agent of dermatophyte fungal infections followed by T. mentagrophyte.Treatment for these acute and chronic conditions in the conventional system is ineffective. Many studies revealed that Homoeopathic Medicines, Herbals, Siddha Medicines, Ayurvedic Medicines work effectively for these conditions.The present review reveals the effectiveness of Homoeopathic Medicines, Herbals, Siddha Medicines and Ayurvedic Medicines for superficial fungal infections in clinical and in-vitrostudies against dermatophytes. Articles published in relevant studies are summarized by different computerized database literature searches (searches were made in PubMed, Google Scholar, Research Gate and Cochrane).
Future Healthcare Facility Design: Fixing the broken healthcare system post COVID-19
Authors: Akhtar Md Haseen , Ramkumar Janakarajan
Published: August 2024

Design-Shift Alert: Moving away from "rigid and constrained facilities" towards "flexible and adaptable facilities" that can be built up fast in an emergency. At the time of COVID-19, there was a dire need for facility renovations. Immediate facility adaptations were required all around the world to cope with the inflow of patients infected with highly contagious virus and to segregate hospitalized patients using negative pressure chambers for respiratory isolation. Never has healthcare design changed as swiftly as it had during the COVID-19 epidemic. Although it is impossible to provide better health in these times, the healthcare facilities could be designed flexible to accommodate the needs of handling and caring for huge numbers of patients while still providing the bare minimum of care. This paper attempts to discuss different parameters to improve the Indian healthcare system. The method includes state of the art analysis of collapsible systems and then future forecast some ideas for more complex scenarios. The study opens a discussion for the facility planners and designers in the field of health care. It aims to find future solutions for healthcare design in the country. “It is all about connecting the unconnected” –Author
Compliance with evidence-based radiographic imaging guidelines by chiropractic interns at a chiropractic training program
Authors: Wong Yi Kai , Teoh Shi Yong
Published: August 2024

Objective

Evidence-based radiographic guidelines are used to justify the need for radiographs and prevent their overuse. This study aimed to assess whether 4th-year chiropractic interns at the International Medical University plan to use x-ray imaging in their future private practice in line with the principles taught throughout their chiropractic program and the evidence-based imaging guidelines.

Methods

A survey questionnaire was distributed to 74 final year chiropractic interns, with 62 completed responses. The questionnaire consisted of 8 case scenarios representing potential chiropractic patients. The interns were asked to decide whether to x-ray the patient or not, and which x-ray views to request if they chose to x-ray the patient.

Results

Results were compared with the gold standard using percentage agreement. The findings revealed that the chiropractic students adhered to the gold standard answers for 6 out of 8 cases. However, they did not perform well in selecting the correct x-ray views for the 3 cases where radiography was indicated by the gold standard.

Conclusion

Results suggest that while the interns have a good understanding of when radiography is necessary, they may need additional training in selecting the appropriate x-ray views for each case.
The Smartphone Revolution: A Systematic Review of its Impact on Consumer Behavior and Market Trends (2019-2024)
Authors: Holisoh Siti , Setyawati Irma , Lestari Rahayu
Published: August 2024

Aims: This systematic literature review aims to investigate the influence of smartphones on consumer behaviour and market trends from 2019 to 2024. It seeks to understand how these devices affect various aspects of daily life and business, focusing on areas such as brand consciousness, health supervision, doctor-patient relationships, academic achievements, and client interests.
Study Design: The study utilizes a systematic literature review methodology, sourcing data from multiple academic journals and articles published within the specified timeframe.
Place and Duration of Study: The review encompasses literature published between 2019 and 2024, drawing from global research outputs to ensure a comprehensive analysis.
Methodology: This review meticulously screened and analysed 133 peer-reviewed articles based on stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria. The analysis aimed to synthesize findings across key domains to map out the broad impacts of smartphone utilization.
Results: The review highlights significant impacts of smartphone use, particularly noting its negative effects on student academic performance due to distractions and reduced efficiency. However, it also underscores positive dynamics, such as improved brand loyalty driven by enhanced product and service quality, advancements in healthcare monitoring technologies, and more secure doctor-patient communications via digital platforms. These mixed findings point to the dual roles smartphones play in enhancing operational efficiencies and posing challenges that require strategic management.
Conclusion: The study's insights are pivotal for policymakers, researchers, and industry practitioners, guiding the development of strategies to harness the positive impacts of smartphones while mitigating their negative effects. Emphasis is recommended on enhancing brand loyalty, leveraging smartphones in healthcare innovations, securing medical communications, and fostering educational strategies to manage smartphone use among students effectively. This balanced approach aims to maximize the benefits of smartphones in consumer markets and healthcare, contributing positively to consumer health and overall societal productivity.
Trace Metals Accumulation in Oreochromis niloticus Inhabiting Chari River along the Banda Township in Chad
Authors: Mansour Hassane , Dangwang Jean Marie Dikdim , Doloum Gomoung , Noumi Guy Bertrand , Ngakou Albert
Published: August 2024

This study was undertaken to evaluate the trace metals in the fish Oreochromis niloticus inhabiting water of the Chari river, along the Banda township in the middle-Chari Province (Chad). Fishes were sampled at three sites along the river. Trace metals in fish meat were assessed through atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results indicated that fish meat contents in Pb, Cd, Fe, Cr, Cu and Zn were ranged respectively from 0.482, 0.144, 0.632, 1.110, 1.479 and 4.465 mg/Kg in the dry season, compared to 0.545, 0.179, 0.624, 0.946, 2.917 and 1.813 mg/Kg in the wet season. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn was higher than 1, indicating that these heavy metals were indeed accumulated in Oreochromis niloticus. Copper was the most accumulated metal in fish meat during both campaigns. The source of accumulation of these trace metals in fishes was undoubtly from water, and was thought to originate either from the abusive utilization of phytosanitary inputs in agriculture or from nearby wastewater’s factories thrown into the Chari river. It is suggested appropriate controlled measures to be taken to decrease the trace metals pollution of the Chari river, and thereof that of the inhabiting fishes.
Multivariate Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Mung Bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] Using Mahalanobis Statistic
Authors: Chauhan Deepak Singh , Verma Sanjay Kumar , Panwar Ravindra Kumar , Arora Anju , Pragati Kumari , Bhatt Ashish , Kumawat Shubham , Rana Anupriya , Mehra Ayushi
Published: August 2024

Mung bean is a significant pulse crop in India, known for its high protein content, ranging from 25-28%. Understanding the genetic diversity within mung bean populations is essential for identifying genotypes that can enhance crop improvement and for the effective utilization of available genetic resources. This study aimed to evaluate the extent and patterns of morphological diversity among various mung bean genotypes and to determine the key traits contributing to genetic diversity using multivariate analysis. The present study was conducted at Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India, during the kharif season of 2023. Using Mahalanobis D2 statistics, 40 mung bean genotypes were grouped into 9 distinct clusters. Cluster I was the largest, comprising 15 genotypes, followed by Cluster II with 11 genotypes. Clusters IV with 4 genotypes. Cluster V and Cluster VII each had 3 genotypes; and Clusters III, VI, VIII and IX each contained a single genotype. The greatest inter-cluster distance was observed between Cluster VII and Cluster VIII (17.12), indicating that genotypes (PM 15-12, PM 5, IPM 2-14) and (Vamban 2) can be hybridized together to produce significant genetic diversity in segregating generation  among the genotypes included in these clusters. Therefore, the substantial genetic distance observed within and among the clusters should be leveraged by selecting and crossing the most genetically divergent parents in future mung bean breeding programmes.
Comparative Review on E-Beam and Gamma Radiation Sterilization Methods: Effectiveness, Safety, and Cost Considerations
Authors: Sharma Akash , Prakash Chandra , Vora Ankur
Published: August 2024

This review presents a detailed comparative analysis of electron beam (e-beam) and gamma radiation sterilization technologies, with a focus on their efficacy, safety, and economic viability. Both sterilization techniques are extensively employed across medical, pharmaceutical, and food processing sectors to achieve comprehensive microbial control and product sterility. This article consolidates recent advancements and research findings on these methods, delineating their respective advantages and limitations. Key aspects covered include the mechanisms of action, operational parameters, and the impact of each method on product integrity and material compatibility. The review aims to provide an informed assessment of the applicability and performance of e-beam and gamma radiation sterilization in diverse industrial contexts.
Family practices regarding the care of their children’s mental health in the context of Essential Needs / Práticas familiares quanto ao cuidado da saúde mental de suas crianças no contexto das necessidades essenciais
Authors: Campelo Lany Leide de Castro Rocha , Alencar Delmo de Carvalho , Ibiapina Aline Raquel de Sousa , Angelo Margareth
Published: August 2024

Objetivo: desvelar as práticas familiares quanto ao cuidado da saúde mental de suas crianças no contexto das necessidades essenciais. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, com 22 famílias de crianças em idade escolar do município de Picos, Piauí, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, analisadas por meio de análise de conteúdo, sob a luz do referencial teórico das Necessidades Essenciais das Crianças. Resultados: o conteúdo foi analisado em duas categorias: “Cuidados que impactam na saúde física e mental de crianças escolares”, com três subcategorias relativas aos domínios afetivo, físico e moral; e “Parentalidade e saúde mental da criança”, com subcategorias referentes a ações direcionadas ao desenvolvimento mental saudável da criança. Considerações finais: o conhecimento dos aspectos que conduzem a forma de cuidar das famílias, possibilitam à enfermeira, no âmbito da atenção primária, implementar estratégias que visem ao suprimento de necessidades de cuidados que garantam às crianças desenvolver-se plenamente.
Benchmarking of pre-analytical non-conformities in the clinical pathology laboratory at hospital do câncer I / Benchmarking dos erros pré-analíticos no laboratório de patologia clínica do hospital do câncer I
Authors: Ferreira Raphael Gialluisi da Silva , Bello Alexandre Ribeiro , Hamer EricaRipoll
Published: August 2024

Objetivo: rastrear os principais erros do processo da fase pré-analítica do Laboratório de Patologia Clínica e realizar um benchmarking com o estudo internacional coordenado pela IFCC (Federação Internacional de Química Clínica). Método: foram acompanhados quatorze indicadores pertencentes à fase pré-analítica, utilizando os dados contidos no sistema LIS. Foram calculados os defeitos por milhão de oportunidades (DPMO) e SIGMA de cada indicador e realizado benchmarking com a IFCC. Resultados: foram rastreados 5.541 erros nos 14 indicadores, e 8 desses indicadores do Inca apresentaram pontuações maiores ou iguais quando comparados ao IFCC. Hemólise e fibrina após centrifugação foram os indicadores com pior índice e deveriam receber maior atenção pelas equipes laboratoriais. Conclusão: um Manual de Gerenciamento de Erros Pré-analíticos foi elaborado para padronizar processos, melhorar indicadores e manter a qualidade daqueles que são minimamente aceitáveis.
Temporal and spatial characteristics of pan evaporation trends and their attribution to meteorological drivers in the Three‐River Source Region, China
Authors: Wang Jianhua , Wang Qingming , Zhao Yong , Li Haihong , Zhai Jiaqi , Shang Yizi
Published: June 2015

Pan evaporation is an important indicator of atmospheric evaporative demand, and its long‐term variation is of much concern in studies of climate change. Based on data from 33 meteorological stations from 1962 to 2012, this work considered the temporal and spatial trends of pan evaporation and the meteorological variables that affect them in the Three‐River Source Region (TRSR) of southwestern China. Pan evaporation in the TRSR has decreased significantly since 1988 with an obvious abrupt change from 1993 to 2003. Furthermore, a 27 year period of oscillation has existed over the past 51 years. Pan evaporation reflects the combined effects of four meteorological variables: net radiation (Rn), wind speed (u2), actual vapor pressure (ea), and air temperature (Ta). Based on this research, a number of conclusions were drawn. (1) The pace of climate change increased after 1980 and pan evaporation decreased at a rate of −13.3 mm/a2 from 1980 to 2012, which is much faster than the rate of −1.2 mm/a2 from 1962 to 1979. (2) For the decrease of pan evaporation from 1980 to 2012, the quantifying contributions of Rn, u2, ea, and Ta were −8.7, −6.4, −1.8, and +3.6 mm/a2, respectively. Thus, it was established for the TRSR that “global dimming” was the main reason, and “wind stilling” was a close second to global dimming for the decrease in pan evaporation. (3) Different regions of the TRSR are affected differently by the effects of the meteorological variables. Low‐elevation regions in the TRSR are more susceptible to the effects of net radiation and wind speed, whereas high‐elevation regions are affected more by actual vapor pressure and air temperature.
Deep source model for Nevado del Ruiz Volcano, Colombia, constrained by interferometric synthetic aperture radar observations
Authors: Lundgren Paul , Samsonov Sergey V. , López Velez Cristian Mauricio , Ordoñez Milton
Published: June 2015

Nevado del Ruiz is part of a large volcano complex in the northern Andes of Colombia. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar observations from the RADARSAT‐2 satellite since 2011 show steady inflation of the volcano since 2012 at 3–4 cm/yr. The broad (>20 km) deformation pattern from both ascending and descending track data constrain source models for either point or spheroidal sources, both located at >14 km beneath the surface (mean elevation 4.2 km) and 10 km SW of Nevado del Ruiz, below nearby Santa Isabel Volcano. Stress change computations for both sources in the context of a compressive regional stress indicate that dikes propagating from the source should become trapped in sills, possibly leading to a more complex pathway to the surface and explaining the significant lateral separation of the source and Nevado del Ruiz Volcano.
Three‐dimensional resistivity image of the magmatic system beneath Lastarria volcano and evidence for magmatic intrusion in the back arc (northern Chile)
Authors: Díaz Daniel , Heise Wiebke , Zamudio Fernando
Published: June 2015

Lazufre volcanic center, located in the central Andes, is recently undergoing an episode of uplift, conforming one of the most extensive deforming volcanic systems worldwide, but its magmatic system and its connection with the observed uplift are still poorly studied. Here we image the electrical resistivity structure using the magnetotelluric method in the surroundings of the Lastarria volcano, one of the most important features in the Lazufre area, to understand the nature of the magmatic plumbing, the associated fumarolic activity, and the large‐scale surface deformation. Results from 3‐D modeling show a conductive zone at 6 km depth south of the Lastarria volcano interpreted as the magmatic heat source which is connected to a shallower conductor beneath the volcano, showing the pathways of volcanic gasses and heated fluid. A large‐scale conductive area coinciding with the area of uplift points at a magma intrusion at midcrustal depth.
A method to predict thermospheric mass density response to geomagnetic disturbances using time‐integrated auroral electrojet index
Authors: Iipponen Juho , Laitinen Tiera
Published: June 2015

Using the thermospheric mass density measurements from the European Space Agency's Gravity field and steady state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) satellite, we develop a new empirical geomagnetic disturbance time correction based on integrating the auroral electrojet (AE) index. For this, a US Naval Research Laboratory Mass Spectrometer and Incoherent Scatter Radar (NRLMSISE‐00) model with no geomagnetic parametrization is subtracted from the GOCE densities, and the regressions between the time‐integrated AE index and density residuals are computed as a function of latitude, solar time, and day of year. When we add this correction to the quiet time reference NRLMSISE‐00 model, it increases the model's disturbance time correlation with the 270 km normalized GOCE densities from 0.71 to 0.86. We assess the effect of integrating thermospheric density proxies with respect to time using both geomagnetic and solar indices and discover that the integration of AE, ap, and the epsilon parameter significantly increase their correlation with the orbit‐averaged GOCE densities. We compare the predictions of our empirical correction with the NRLMSISE‐00 and Jacchia‐Bowman (JB2008) models, and significant deviations from the measurements are discovered. The NRLMSISE‐00 is confirmed to generally underestimate the density enhancement, and the latitudinal shape of the predicted response shows too low enhancements at middle latitudes. Even though these are not issues for the JB2008 model, it performs weaker than the NRLMSISE‐00 at reproducing the orbit‐averaged densities. This unexpected result is attributed to the weakness of the ap parametrization, which is used in the model during smaller disturbances.
Wave coupling between the lower and middle thermosphere as viewed from TIMED and GOCE
Authors: Gasperini F. , Forbes J. M. , Doornbos E. N. , Bruinsma S. L.
Published: June 2015

Vertical coupling between the lower and middle thermosphere due to the eastward propagating diurnal tide with zonal wave number 3 (DE3) and the 3.5 day ultra‐fast Kelvin Wave (UFKW) is investigated using Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere, Energetics and Dynamics‐Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (TIMED‐SABER) temperatures near 100 km and Gravity field and steady‐state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) neutral densities and zonal winds near 260 km. The analysis is performed between ±45∘ latitude during 2011, when reliable and continuous measurements are available. With geomagnetic and solar effects removed, DE3 and the UFKW are identified as dominant sources of day‐to‐day variability at both heights. Evidence is found for the vertical propagation of DE3 and the UFKW from the lower to middle thermosphere over a range of time scales. Over 60% of the variance due to DE3 and the UFKW at 260 km is traceable to variability occurring at 100 km. The not exact agreement is thought to be due to the influences of wave‐wave interactions, zonal mean winds, dissipation, and inherent transience that interfere with one‐to‐one mapping of structures between 100 and 260 km. Spectral and temporal analyses of the SABER and GOCE data also reveal the presence of sidebands due to the modulation of DE3 by the UFKW. These secondary waves are responsible for up to 10% to 20% of the longitudinal and day‐to‐day variability. Overall, vertical propagating waves together with sidebands from DE3‐UFKW nonlinear interactions are responsible for 60% to 80% of the total variability, while geomagnetic and solar effects correlated with ap and F10.7 account for less than 20% of the variance.
Differential Scaling Patterns in Maxillary Sinus Volume and Nasal Cavity Breadth Among Modern Humans
Authors: Butaric Lauren N.
Published: June 2015

Among modern humans, nasal cavity size and shape reflect its vital role in air conditioning processes. The ability for the nasal cavity to augment its shape, particularly in inferior breadth, likely relates to the surrounding maxillary sinuses acting as zones of accommodation. However, much is still unknown regarding how nasal and sinus morphology relate to each other and to overall craniofacial form, particularly across diverse populations with varying respiratory demands. As such, this study uses computed tomographic (CT) scans of modern human crania (N = 171) from nine different localities to investigate ecogeographic differences in (1) the interaction between maxillary sinus volume (MSV) and nasal cavity breadth (NCB) and (2) scaling patterns of MSV and NCB in relation to craniofacial size. Reduced major axis (RMA) regression reveals that all samples exhibit an inverse relationship between MSV and NCB, but statistical significance and the strength of that relationship is sample dependent. Individuals from cold–dry climates have larger MSVs with narrower NCBs, while smaller MSVs are associated with wider NCBs in hot–humid climates. MSV and NCB each scale with positive allometry relative to overall craniofacial size. However, sample differences are evident in the both the interaction between MSV and NCB, as well as their correlation with craniofacial size. While these results provide further support that the maxillary sinus and nasal cavity are integrated among populations from opposite ends of the climatic spectrum, additional epigenetic factors are needed to explain variation of these structures among populations from more intermediate climates. Anat Rec, 298:1710–1721, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long‐term stability of axonal boutons in the mouse barrel cortex
Authors: Qiao Qian , Ma Lei , Li Wei , Tsai Jin‐Wu , Yang Guang , Gan Wen‐Biao
Published: June 2015

Many lines of evidence indicate that postsynaptic dendritic spines are plastic during development and largely stable in adulthood. It remains unclear to what degree presynaptic axonal terminals undergo changes in the developing and mature cortex. In this study, we examined the formation and elimination of fluorescently‐labeled axonal boutons in the living mouse barrel cortex with transcranial two‐photon microscopy. We found that the turnover of axonal boutons was significantly higher in 3‐week‐old young mice than in adult mice (older than 3 months). There was a slight but significant net loss of axonal boutons in mice from 1 to 2 months of age. In both young and adult barrel cortex, axonal boutons existed for at least 1 week were less likely to be eliminated than those recently‐formed boutons. In adulthood, 80% of axonal boutons persisted over 12 months and enriched sensory experience caused a slight but not significant increase in the turnover of axonal boutons over 2–4 weeks. Thus, similar to postsynaptic dendritic spines, presynaptic axonal boutons show remarkable stability after development ends. This long‐term stability of synaptic connections is likely important for reliable sensory processing in the mature somatosensory cortex. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 252–261, 2016
An allometry‐based model of the survival strategies of hydraulic failure and carbon starvation
Authors: Gentine Pierre , Guérin Marceau , Uriarte María , McDowell Nate G. , Pockman Willam T.
Published: June 2015

A simplified soil–plant–atmosphere–continuum model of carbon starvation and hydraulic failure is developed and tested against observations from a drought‐manipulation experiment in a woodland dominated by piñon pine (Pinus edulis) and juniper (Juniperus monosperma) in New Mexico. The number of model parameters is reduced using allometric relationships. The model can represent more isohydric (piñon) and more anisohydric (juniper) responses. Analysis of the parameter space suggests four main controls on hydraulic failure and carbon starvation: xylem vulnerability curve, root:shoot area ratio, rooting depth and water use efficiency. For piñon, an intermediate optimal (1.5–2 m2 m−2) tree leaf area index reduces the risk of hydraulic failure. For both piñons and junipers, hydraulic failure was relatively insensitive to root:shoot ratio across a range of tree LAI. Higher root:shoot ratios however strongly decreased the time to carbon starvation. The hydraulic safety margin of piñons is strongly diminished by large diurnal variations in xylem/leaf water potential. Diurnal drops of water potential are mitigated by high maximum hydraulic conductivity, high root:shoot ratio and stomatal regulation (more isohydric). The safety margin of junipers is not very sensitive to diurnal drops in water potential so that there is little benefit in stomatal regulation (more anisohydric). Narrower tracheid diameter and a narrower distribution of tracheid diameters reduce the risk of hydraulic failure and carbon starvation by reducing diurnal xylem water potential drop. Simulated tree diameter‐dependent mortality varies between these two species, with piñon mortality decreasing with increasing tree size, whereas juniper mortality increases with tree size. Juvenile piñons might thus be overimpacted by water stress. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C‐ing the Genome: A Compendium of Chromosome Conformation Capture Methods to Study Higher‐Order Chromatin Organization
Authors: Barutcu A. Rasim , Fritz Andrew J. , Zaidi Sayyed K. , van Wijnen André J. , Lian Jane B. , Stein Janet L. , Nickerson Jeffrey A. , Imbalzano Anthony N. , Stein Gary S.
Published: June 2015

Three‐dimensional organization of the chromatin has important roles in transcription, replication, DNA repair, and pathologic events such as translocations. There are two fundamental ways to study higher‐order chromatin organization: microscopic and molecular approaches. In this review, we briefly introduce the molecular approaches, focusing on chromosome conformation capture or “3C” technology and its derivatives, which can be used to probe chromatin folding at resolutions beyond that provided by microscopy techniques. We further discuss the different types of data generated by the 3C‐based methods and how they can be used to answer distinct biological questions. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 31–35, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
‘Thinking you're old and frail’: a qualitative study of frailty in older adults
Authors: WARMOTH KRYSTAL , LANG IAIN A. , PHOENIX CASSANDRA , ABRAHAM CHARLES , ANDREW MELISSA K. , HUBBARD RUTH E. , TARRANT MARK
Published: June 2015

Many older adults experience what is clinically recognised as frailty but little is known about the perceptions of, and attitudes regarding, being frail. This qualitative study explored adults' perceptions of frailty and their beliefs concerning its progression and consequences. Twenty-nine participants aged 66–98 with varying degrees of frailty, residing either in their homes or institutional settings, participated in semi-structured interviews. Verbatim transcripts were analysed using a Grounded Theory approach. Self-identifying as ‘frail’ was perceived by participants to be strongly related to their own levels of health and engagement in social and physical activity. Being labelled by others as ‘old and frail’ contributed to the development of a frailty identity by encouraging attitudinal and behavioural confirmation of it, including a loss of interest in participating in social and physical activities, poor physical health and increased stigmatisation. Using both individual and social context, different strategies were used to resist self-identification. The study provides insights into older adults' perceptions and attitudes regarding frailty, including the development of a frailty identity and its relationship with activity levels and health. The implications of these findings for future research and practice are discussed.
Managing risk in production scheduling under uncertain disruption
Authors: Sarker Ruhul , Essam Daryl , Hasan S.M. Kamrul , Karim A.N. Mustafizul
Published: June 2015

The job scheduling problem (JSP) is considered as one of the most complex combinatorial optimization problems. JSP is not an independent task, but is rather a part of a company business case. In this paper, we have studied JSPs under sudden machine breakdown scenarios that introduce a risk of not completing the jobs on time. We have first solved JSPs using an improved memetic algorithm and extended the algorithm to deal with the disruption situations, and then developed a simulation model to analyze the risk of using a job order and delivery scenario. This paper deals with job scheduling under ideal conditions and rescheduling under machine breakdown, and provides a risk analysis for a production business case. The extended algorithm provides better understanding and results than existing algorithms, the rescheduling shows a good way of recovering from disruptions, and the risk analysis shows an effective way of maximizing return under such situations.
Microbial and biochemical basis of a Fusarium wilt-suppressive soil
Authors: Cha Jae-Yul , Han Sangjo , Hong Hee-Jeon , Cho Hyunji , Kim Daran , Kwon Youngho , Kwon Soon-Kyeong , Crüsemann Max , Bok Lee Yong , Kim Jihyun F , Giaever Guri , Nislow Corey , Moore Bradley S , Thomashow Linda S , Weller David M , Kwak Youn-Sig
Published: June 2015

Crops lack genetic resistance to most necrotrophic pathogens. To compensate for this disadvantage, plants recruit antagonistic members of the soil microbiome to defend their roots against pathogens and other pests. The best examples of this microbially based defense of roots are observed in disease-suppressive soils in which suppressiveness is induced by continuously growing crops that are susceptible to a pathogen, but the molecular basis of most is poorly understood. Here we report the microbial characterization of a Korean soil with specific suppressiveness to Fusarium wilt of strawberry. In this soil, an attack on strawberry roots by Fusarium oxysporum results in a response by microbial defenders, of which members of the Actinobacteria appear to have a key role. We also identify Streptomyces genes responsible for the ribosomal synthesis of a novel heat-stable antifungal thiopeptide antibiotic inhibitory to F. oxysporum and the antibiotic’s mode of action against fungal cell wall biosynthesis. Both classical- and community-oriented approaches were required to dissect this suppressive soil from the field to the molecular level, and the results highlight the role of natural antibiotics as weapons in the microbial warfare in the rhizosphere that is integral to plant health, vigor and development.
Characterization of a Self-renewing and Multi-potent Cell Population Isolated from Human Minor Salivary Glands
Authors: Lu Lin , Li Yan , Du Ming-juan , Zhang Chen , Zhang Xiang-yu , Tong Hai-zhou , Liu Lei , Han Ting-lu , Li Wan-di , Yan Li , Yin Ning-bei , Li Hai-dong , Zhao Zhen-min
Published: June 2015

Adult stem cells play an important role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Although these cells are found in many tissues, the presence of stem cells in the human minor salivary glands is not well explored. Using the explant culture method, we isolated a population of cells with self-renewal and differentiation capacities harboring that reside in the human minor salivary glands, called human minor salivary gland mesenchymal stem cells (hMSGMSCs). These cells show embryonic stem cell and mesenchymal stem cell phenotypes. Our results demonstrate that hMSGMSCs have the potential to undergo mesodermal, ectodermal and endodermal differentiation in conditioned culture systems in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo transplantation of hMSGMSCs into SCID mice after partial hepatectomy shows that hMSGMSCs are able to survive and engraft, characterized by the survival of labeled cells and the expression of the hepatocyte markers AFP and KRT18. These data demonstrate the existence of hMSGMSCs and suggest their potential in cell therapy and regenerative medicine.
Effects of environmental and biotic factors on carbon isotopic fractionation during decomposition of soil organic matter
Authors: Wang Guoan , Jia Yufu , Li Wei
Published: June 2015

Decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) plays an important role in the global carbon cycle because the CO2 emitted from soil respiration is an important source of atmospheric CO2. Carbon isotopic fractionation occurs during SOM decomposition, which leads to 12C to enrich in the released CO2 while 13C to enrich in the residual SOM. Understanding the isotope fractionation has been demonstrated to be helpful for studying the global carbon cycle. Soil and litter samples were collected from soil profiles at 27 different sites located along a vertical transect from 1200 to 4500 m above sea level (a.s.l.) in the south-eastern side of the Tibetan Plateau. Their carbon isotope ratios, C and N concentrations were measured. In addition, fiber and lignin in litter samples were also analyzed. Carbon isotope fractionation factor (α) during SOM decomposition was estimated indirectly as the slope of the relationship between carbon isotope ratios of SOM and soil C concentrations. This study shows that litter quality and soil water play a significant role in isotope fractionation during SOM decomposition and the carbon isotope fractionation factor, α, increases with litter quality and soil water content. However, we found that temperature had no significant impact on the α variance.
Spontaneous magnetization and anomalous Hall effect in an emergent Dice lattice
Authors: Dutta Omjyoti , Przysiężna Anna , Zakrzewski Jakub
Published: June 2015

Ultracold atoms in optical lattices serve as a tool to model different physical phenomena appearing originally in condensed matter. To study magnetic phenomena one needs to engineer synthetic fields as atoms are neutral. Appropriately shaped optical potentials force atoms to mimic charged particles moving in a given field. We present the realization of artificial gauge fields for the observation of anomalous Hall effect. Two species of attractively interacting ultracold fermions are considered to be trapped in a shaken two dimensional triangular lattice. A combination of interaction induced tunneling and shaking can result in an emergent Dice lattice. In such a lattice the staggered synthetic magnetic flux appears and it can be controlled with external parameters. The obtained synthetic fields are non-Abelian. Depending on the tuning of the staggered flux we can obtain either anomalous Hall effect or its quantized version. Our results are reminiscent of Anomalous Hall conductivity in spin-orbit coupled ferromagnets.
Potential for direct interspecies electron transfer in an electric-anaerobic system to increase methane production from sludge digestion
Authors: Zhao Zhiqiang , Zhang Yaobin , Wang Liying , Quan Xie
Published: June 2015

Direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) between Geobacter species and Methanosaeta species is an alternative to interspecies hydrogen transfer (IHT) in anaerobic digester, which however has not been established in anaerobic sludge digestion as well as in bioelectrochemical systems yet. In this study, it was found that over 50% of methane production of an electric-anaerobic sludge digester was resulted from unknown pathway. Pyrosequencing analysis revealed that Geobacter species were significantly enriched with electrodes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) further confirmed that the dominant Geobacter species enriched belonged to Geobacter metallireducens. Together with Methanosaeta species prevailing in the microbial communities, the direct electron exchange between Geobacter species and Methanosaeta species might be an important reason for the “unknown” increase of methane production. Conductivity of the sludge in this electric-anaerobic digester was about 30% higher than that of the sludge in a control digester without electrodes. This study not only revealed for the first time that DIET might be the important mechanism on the methanogenesis of bioelectrochemical system, but also provided a new method to enhance DIET by means of bioelectric enrichment of Geobacter species.
WEE1 kinase polymorphism as a predictive biomarker for efficacy of platinum-gemcitabine doublet chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Liu Di , Wu Chunyan , Jiao Yuli , Hou Likun , Lu Daru , Zheng Hui , Chen Chang , Qian Ji , Fei Ke , Su Bo
Published: June 2015

DNA-damaging agents are commonly used for first-line chemotherapy of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). As a G2/M checkpoint kinase, Wee1 can phosphorylate CDC2-tyr15 and induce G2/M cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage. The correlation of WEE1 polymorphisms to the efficacy of chemotherapy was tested in 663 advanced NSCLC patients. WEE1 rs3910384 genotype correlated to overall survival (OS) and progress-free survival (PFS) of NSCLC patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Sub-group analysis revealed that rs3910384 was particularly associated with the efficacy of doublet chemotherapy combining two DNA-damaging agents, i.e. platinum and gemcitabine. NSCLC patients with the WEE1 rs3910384 G/G homozygote genotype showed 13.5 months extended OS, 3.2 months extended PFS and a 274% relative increase in their 3-year survival rate (from 7.4% to 27.7%) compared to the A/A+A/G genotype after treatment with platinum-gemcitabine regimen. This finding was reproduced in the validation cohort. We utilized a luciferase reporter assay and Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) to demonstrate that rs3910384-linked WEE1 promoter haplotype can mediate allele-specific transcriptional binding and WEE1 expression in DNA damage response. In conclusion, the WEE1 rs3910384 G/G homozygote genotype can be used as a selective biomarker for NSCLC patients to indicate treatment with platinum and gemcitabine regimen.