bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Titles of Original Research Articles Published in Two Peer-Reviewed Journals of Community Medicine and Public Health from India
Authors: Wadde Satish K. , Domple Vijay Kishanrao
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

Title is the first face of research article which is the mostly read part after publication.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to assess the titles of original research articles published in two peer-reviewed journals of community medicine and public health from India.

Materials and Methods:

This descriptive study included 340 original articles from the Indian Journal of Community Medicine and 140 articles the Indian Journal of Public Health published during 2010 to 2018. These articles were downloaded from the official website of the journals. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee. A predesigned proforma pertaining to fulfill objective consisting of Setting, Population, Intervention, Conclusion, Endpoint and Design (SPICED) criteria, length, typology, punctuation, abbreviations, use of keywords in title, was used. Data were entered in Excel and analyzed by using Epi Info version 7 for frequencies and percentages.

Results:

Out of 480 original research articles, 48.54% of the articles had title with 16 to 30 words. Four hundred and forty-two (92.08%) titles were of declarative type and 42.08% titles were of topic only type. Out of 200 articles where punctuation or abbreviations were used maximum 83% were with colon. 46.46% articles quoted 5–8 keywords in the articles. Only 9.58% titles were with all the keywords quoted. Only one experimental study had title with SPICED criteria while no observational study had title was with all criteria.

Conclusions:

Most of the titles were of descriptive type and less use of keywords in titles was there in the formulation of titles along with scarce use of all components of SPICED criteria.
Role and Importance of Effective Communication During the Age of COVID-19
Authors: Dhyani Abhilasha , Dave Sarvesh , Choudhary Swecha , Gurbani Neha
Published: March 2023

Currently, in the COVID-19 pandemic, few nations have effectively diminished their contamination rate early, while others have been overpowered. There are various reasons behind effective decrease in the rate of contamination in different nations but, the one that stands out is the distinguished rate which decides on how the information has been provided by the government and other networks and its effective adaptation and implementation by the public. This global disease has disturbed people psychologically; henceforth, effective communication, if overlooked, can be endangered for susceptible populations. Herein, this article gives an insight view of the basic structure for effective communication during the pandemic which should be understandable and practiced by the medical and dental experts and other health-care workers for developing a good rapport for treating COVID-19 patients. Effective communication aims at providing information to the public that may seem senseless at first instance, as well as aims at increasing their self reliance to react on the details they have that may also be beneficial. To develop a way for preventing and controlling future viral illnesses, especially those as dangerous as COVID-19, we need to move forward by building trust and developing multidisciplinary voices which help in utilizing effective communication for various objectives and audiences, so that clear, compassionate, and practical messages can be delivered.
Post-COVID Syndrome
Authors: Nayak Unnathi , Shet Manasa K , Hunagund Sangamesh S , Joseph Jeevan , Vastrad Chetan M , Kumar Nithin
Published: March 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a viral respiratory infection, was declared as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Studies from across the world centered on patient follow-up are adding to the knowledge on late complications observed in COVID-19 convalescents. Literature search was performed using databases with search terms “COVID-19,” “SARS-CoV-2,” “Long COVID,” “COVID-19 complications,” “post COVID sequelae,” “COVID-19 recovery,” and “persistent symptoms.” Articles in English excluding pediatric (<18 years) and pregnant population were included for literature review. Studies from across the world reported various pulmonary, cardiac, hematologic, renal, neuropsychiatric, endocrine, and gastrointestinal complications and other nonspecific persistent symptoms. Several of these complications are similar to the postinfectious symptoms reported in previous viral respiratory disease outbreaks. In this narrative review, we review current literature on complications that follow recovery from acute episode of COVID-19.
A Rare Presentation in Horseshoe Kidney
Authors: Guru Nilesh , Shah Shyamal
Published: March 2023

Horseshoe kidney is the most common congenital fusion anomaly which occurs in 1 in 400–800 live births. Pelvi uretric junction obstruction is the most common abnormality associated with horseshoe kidney. Bilateral PUJ obstruction with renal stones with obstructive uropathy with one nonfunctional moiety is a rare occurrence. We here report such a case, and to the best of our knowledge, there is no such case reported in the literature. We managed the case by initial stabilization followed by left pyeloplasty with pyelolithotomy and partial isthmusectomy. In all cases of horseshoe kidney with renal calculi, there should be high index of suspicion for PUJ obstruction. Thoughtful management in such cases results in prompt recovery and decreases the morbidity of patient
Assessment of Indian Healthcare Personnel Awareness, Attitude, and Perception Toward COVID-19 Vaccine – A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Gupta Ridhima , Prasad Ashwini B. , Raisingani Deepak , Prasad Sumanth , Khurana Deeksha , Srivastava Harshit , Mital Prachi
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

COVID-19 pandemic is the most daunting challenge for humankind in the current scenario. Healthcare personnel (HCPs) being at forefront dealing with pandemic, have been prioritized to get inoculated against COVID-19. However, literature has limited information regarding HCPs intention to get vaccinated and their concerns regarding the same. Therefore, this study was done to assess Indian HCPs awareness, attitude, and perception toward the COVID-19 vaccine.

Materials and Methods:

An online cross-sectional study was conducted using the convenience sampling method. A validated questionnaire was designed in English and was mailed to all the participants through link of Google form and also through social media platforms. A total of 815 HCPs responses were obtained.

Results:

Of the 815 responses 452 were willing for the COVID-19 vaccine. Five hundred and eighty-three HCPs have shown trust in the Science and Ministry of Health for the development of safe and effective vaccines. Four hundred and sixty-one of HCPs were of the opinion that India is going slow on the vaccination drive and 620 of them feel the need to accelerate the drive.

Conclusions:

High acceptance and low hesitancy for COVID-19 vaccine demands increased vaccine coverage by Indian HCPs. Addressing this demand requires possible intervention by the participation of the private sector which will help to accept the national vaccination program to a wider scale, thereby combating the future wave of the pandemic.
Cytomorphometric Evaluation of the Epithelial Cells of Buccal Mucosa in Smokeless Tobacco Users
Authors: Batra Mehaksha , Hande Alka Harish , Gawande Madhuri N. , Patil Swati K. , Sonone Archana , Sharma Preethi N.
Published: March 2023

Background:

Smokeless tobacco (SLT) used in various formulations induces certain oral mucosal lesions commonly known as oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). The prevalence of transformation of OPMD to oral squamous cell carcinoma is high. Thus, early diagnosis and prompt intervention may prevent this progression and further malignant transformation.

Aim and Objectives:

We aimed to assess the effect of tobacco chewing on epithelial cells of buccal mucosa in SLT users using cytomorphometry.

Materials and Methods:

The study group comprised 90 patients divided into three groups (A, B, and C). The comparison of the cellular diameter, nuclear diameter, and the nuclear–cellular diameter ratio of epithelial cells of buccal mucosa of control group (A) with tobacco chewing habit but no oral mucosal lesion (B) and tobacco chewing habits and oral mucosal premalignant lesions (C) was carried out.

Results:

Univariate analysis of variance showed a significant group effect for cellular diameter, nuclear diameter, and ratio of nuclear–cellular diameter. Multiple comparison tests by Tukey's honestly significant difference procedure revealed a significant decrease in the mean cellular diameter, increase in the nuclear diameter, and ratio of nuclear–cellular diameter.

Conclusion:

Cytomorphometric changes could be the earliest indicators of cellular alterations. There is a progressive decrease in cellular diameter, increase in nuclear diameter, and ratio of nuclear–cellular diameter in epithelial cells of buccal mucosa from all smokeless tobacco users, as compared to normal controls. This indicates that there could be cause–effect relationship between tobacco and quantitative alterations.
Evaluation and Comparisons of Steiner's Analyses in Class I, Class II, and Class III Patients of Central India as an Aid in Orthodontic Treatment Plan
Authors: Kumari Shail , Bapat Shirish Madhusudan , Mishra Sunil Kumar
Published: March 2023

Background:

Cephalometric values particular to one ethnic group may not be applicable to others.

Purpose:

The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare Steiner's analyses in Class I, Class II, and Class III patients of Central India in two different age groups.

Materials and Methods:

Sample size comprised 240 patients belonged to Central India. Patients were divided into two main groups: Group I comprised 120 young children in age of 12–16 years and Group II comprised 120 young adults in age of 18–22 years. Steiner's analysis was done from the data collected to assess skeletal and dental parameters.

Results:

Central Indian patients had bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion, particularly predominant in Class I and Class II males and Class III females. Central Indian patients had predominant retrognathic jaws in comparison to Caucasian norms.

Conclusions:

The differences of skeletal and dental parameters indicate that Caucasian norms cannot be truly adhered to Central India patients during orthodontic treatment. Incisors were normally more proclined in Central Indian patients and their overretraction during orthodontic treatment would cause flattening of facial profile and therefore should be avoided.
Study on Yoga Practices and Biochemical, Physical and Physiological Alterations
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Agrawal Rohit , Bhagat Rohit , Yadav MK , Agrawaal Alka , Sharma Preeti
Published: March 2023

Background:

During the COVID pandemic period, our home-restricted life led to many undesirable physical, physiological, and mental alterations. Yoga a traditional system of medicines by virtue of its holistic approach toward health and disease and also due to reasonable cost, the technique has an edge in dealing with health problems and with primary prevention of disease.

Aim:

The current study has been designed to assess the effect of short-term (for 3 months for 5 days in a week or 40 days) yoga practice on lipid profile, and blood glucose level, C-reactive protein (CRP), and other physical and physiological parameters among healthy controls.

Materials and Methods:

Students went for yoga practice for 3 months (90 days) for 5 days in a week under the supervision of trained yoga instructor. Yoga activity was conducted via Google Meet app through broadband connectivity. The procedure began with Surya Namaskar (Sun Saluation) with a session of 12 asanas (fixed postures) for 20 min, followed by 15 min Pranayam (breathing exercise including anulome-vilome, surya bandana, sheetali, and bhramari). The session ended with 10 min meditation. Yoga program was started on September 27, 2020, and ended on December 27, 2020, after the completion of 3 months. Biochemical investigation (lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, CRP) and physiological parameters (blood pressure [BP], pulse), and other anthropometric parameters including weight, height body mass index reports were collected before September 27 and after December 27 in 5 days after the completion of 3 months tenure.

Results:

Results of the study clearly indicate fasting sugar, systolic BP, and low-density lipoprotein were significantly decreased (with value <0.02, 0.007, and 0.001, respectively) in the postyoga phase as compared to preyoga baseline investigation.

Conclusion:

The The present study substantiates some good results of the yoga training. Although all the tested parameters could not show desired changes and they were statistically insignificant.
Undernutrition Using the Mid Upper Arm Circumference among Pregnant Women and Its Predictors in Delhi, India
Authors: Sharma Pragya , Basu Saurav , Marimuthu Yamini , Sharma Nandini , Nagappa Bharathnag
Published: March 2023

Background:

Maternal undernutrition is a major public health challenge in developing countries linked with adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. The study objective was to determine the prevalence of maternal undernutrition and assess the validity of the mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) method for the detection of undernutrition in pregnant women.

Methods:

This secondary data analysis was based on the data collected from antenatal women irrespective of gestational age recruited at two clinic sites in government hospitals of Delhi, India from February to June 2020.

Results:

A total of 69 (5.3%), 426 (32.6), and 811 (62.1%) women in their first, second, and third trimester of pregnancy, respectively, were enrolled (n = 1306). The mean (SD) age of the participants was 24.9 (3.9) years. The prevalence of undernutrition considering MUAC <23 cm was 21.5% (95% CI: 19.3-23.8). On adjusted analysis, age <30 years, Hindu religion correlating with vegetarian diet and lower educational status were significantly associated with higher odds of maternal undernutrition. Diagnostic accuracy for detecting maternal undernutrition using MUAC with cutoff <23 cm and body mass index (BMI) of <18.5 kg/m2 as the gold standard showed r = 0.36, P < 0.001 and kappa value, κ = 0.293, P < 0.001 indicating significant agreement. Maternal undernutrition was also a statistically significant predictor of low BMI, anemia, and low birth weight among newborn (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Nearly one in five pregnant women were undernourished in government health facilities in Delhi. Furthermore, the MUAC is a low-cost appropriate technology for identifying undernutrition among pregnant women and predictor of low-birth weight in the newborn in primary health-care settings.
Defect Reconstruction in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patient using Novel Patient-Specific Polyether Ether Ketone Implant
Authors: Gupta Aishwarya , Bhola Nitin , Kambala Rajanikanth
Published: March 2023

Oral squamous cell cancer comprises of one-third of carcinomas of the maxillofacial region. The principle of treatment involves the resection of the lesion with safe surgical margins. However, the rehabilitation of resected soft and hard tissues remains a challenging aspect for the maxillofacial surgeons. In the past few years, the alternatives for maxillofacial rehabilitation have been transmogrified. The profoundness of functional and esthetic significance of the face has led to evolving concepts in the field of reconstruction. With the emerging trends and search for a better reconstruction modality, a novel, biocompatible, and nonmetallic material that is polyether ether ketone (PEEK) was introduced that has shown to have good success rates in the past few years. However, its utility in the reconstruction of mandibular segmental defect is yet to be studied extensively. This case presents our success in reconstructing a mandibular segmental defect in an operated case of oral squamous cell carcinoma using a patient-specific PEEK implant with a follow-up period of 2 years.
Randomized Blind Study to Evaluate the Sensitivity and Specificity of Glucose Level Estimation from Gingival Crevicular Blood Using Glucometer
Authors: Hegde Rajat R. , Kudthadka Arathi , Karikal Arvind
Published: March 2023

Context:

To facilitate a reliable rapid chairside blood glucose estimation to detect blood glucose levels in patients reporting for bleeding from the gums.

Aim:

This study aimed to assess the blood glucose level in gingival crevicular blood (GCB) using a glucometer and compare the values obtained from venous blood from the same patient.

Settings and Design:

A blind study of the cross-sectional population of patients visiting a tertiary health-care center. The sample size was estimated based on the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in rural population, using the following formula: n = (Zα/2)2 × pq/e2.

Subjects and Methods:

The study involved collecting GCB and simultaneous collection of intravenous blood from every alternate patient with active bleeding on probing, till 110 samples were recorded. GCB was then analyzed with a handheld glucometer, and the intravenous blood was analyzed using Hexokinase method of estimation.

Statistical Analysis Used:

For statistical analysis, the data were gathered and coded in SPSS (IBM version 23). The frequency, percentages, mean, and standard deviation were among the descriptive statistics. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated from the contingency table. The Pearson correlation test and independent t-test were among the inferential statistics. At a 95% confidence level, the significance level was established at 0.05.

Results:

Of 110 participants, 57 were male, and 53 were female. The sensitivity showed 89.2%, specificity was 91.8%, and positive predictive value stood at 84.6%, negative predictive value was 94.4%, and accuracy was 90.91%. When mean venous and GCB glucose levels were compared, it was 151.1727 ± 87.65695 mg/dL and 147.7455 ± 79.44064 mg/dL, respectively (P = 0.762, > 0.05).

Conclusions:

Gingival blood glucose level estimation using a glucometer is an easy way to perform a minimally invasive procedure; it could support early diabetes identification in cases of atypical diabetic patients and enable physicians to improve the frequency of diabetes screening in dentistry offices. Despite not being a diabetic diagnostic test, such screening will play a crucial role as a clinical chairside test.
Schwannoma at the Junction of Hard and Soft Palate
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar , Samal Smrutipragnya , Mohanty Jatindranath
Published: March 2023

Schwannomas are benign neurogenic neoplasm arise from the peripheral Schwann cells of the nerve sheaths. These tumors present as solitary and encapsulated lesions. Intraoral schwannoma is not commonly found in the palate and extremely rare at the junction of hard and soft palate. These benign lesions are slow-growing tumors with low potential for malignant transformation and need complete excision as treatment. As it has uncommon occurrence and nonspecific clinical presentations, the diagnosis is usually confirmed by histopathological examination and immunohistochemical evaluation. Here, we report a case of a large schwannoma at the junction of the hard and soft palate, which is an extremely rare location of this tumor.
Saliva Properties and Dental Caries Prevalence in the South Karnataka Population
Authors: Pallavi Vyapaka , Hegde Mithra N. , Kamakshi G. , Indra Shanthiprasad , Sainath Dinapadu
Published: March 2023

Context:

The biochemical and physicochemical properties of saliva have multifunctional roles in maintaining oral and general health. This article emphasizes the influence of salivary properties on caries process and caries susceptibility.

Aims:

The aim of the study was to investigate associations between prevalence and activity of intraoral carious lesions and salivary properties tested using the saliva check kit (GC Corp) in adult South Karnataka population.

Subjects and Methods:

With ethical approval, 100 healthy adult patients coming to the Outpatient Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics who have decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index ≥5 have been selected for the study. Saliva properties tested included hydration, viscosity, resting pH, and for quantity and buffering capacity of stimulated saliva.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Data obtained were analyzed with Spearman's rank correlation.

Results:

The resting saliva pH and the buffering capacity of the stimulated saliva were shown to be statistically significant (P < 0.05), whereas resting saliva hydration and stimulated saliva viscosity were not significant. The quantity of the stimulated saliva showed no correlation with DMFT.

Conclusions:

There appeared to be a correlation between the resting pH of saliva, saliva buffering capacity, and the potential lesion activity of dental caries.
Comparison of Sequential CO2 Laser and Dermaroller versus CO2 Laser Alone in the Treatment of Acne Scarring
Authors: Jawade Sugat A. , Chugh Vishal , Gohil Sneha , Mistry Amit , Jawade Swapna S. , Ramapure Raavi
Published: March 2023

Background:

Ablative CO2 laser resurfacing and dermaroller are proven effective modalities for the treatment of acne scarring. However, one out of two techniques is done exclusively in a patient. We have compared the sequential fractional CO2 laser and dermaroller in one group of patients, while the other group was subjected to exclusive fractional CO2 laser treatment.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 28 patients were recruited for the study. Fourteen patients (aged 21–35 years) with moderate-to-severe acne scars underwent one sitting of fractional CO2 laser, followed by dermaroller after 6 weeks to follow the same sequence making total of four sittings over 6 months, while other 14 patients (aged 21–36 years) underwent total of four fractional CO2 laser sittings within a gap of 6 weeks each. Outcomes were based on scar severity scores as described by Lipper and Perez and patients' subjective ratings.

Results:

Acne scarring improved significantly in all 28 patients. Mean scar severity scores decreased to 34.3% as compared to 80.7% before treatment, decreasing by a mean of 56.9% in Group A, while in Group B, the mean scar severity scores decreased to 40.5% as compared to 76.3%, decreasing by a mean of 46.9%. Mean patients' subjective score was recorded as 2, which represents a good improvement (25%–50%) in Group A, while it was recorded as 1, representing mild improvement (0%–25%) in Group B.

Conclusions:

Successfully combining fractional CO2 laser with dermaroller constitutes a safe and extremely effective treatment modality for acne scarring.
Decreased Adiponectin in Hypothyroidism Favors the Synthesis of Inflammatory Markers Associated with Musculoskeletal Abnormalities
Authors: Raman Ramendra Kumar , Panda Sitansu Kumar , Mohanty Biswa Bhusan , Chinara Prafulla Kumar
Published: March 2023

Background:

Abnormal thyroid function leads to a lot of health complications. Apart from the levels of T3 and T4, abnormal levels of thyroid stimulating hormone are a matter of concern. Hypothyroidism has been reported to be associated with symptoms of a variety of musculoskeletal (MSK) dysfunction. Inflammation is the primary cause of MSK dysfunction. Adipocyte secreting adiponectin plays a crucial role in the establishment of inflammatory conditions in the whole system.

Aims and Objectives:

The present study is aimed to evaluate the interrelationship between adiponectin and thyroid abnormalities to induce the inflammatory markers associated with MSK dysfunction.

Materials and Methods:

Elevated gene expression and synthesis of interleukin 6 (IL 6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF α) have been implicated in a variety of immunologically driven inflammatory diseases. Patients with thyroid complications were included in the study (n = 300). Thyroid function test, lipid profile, adiponectin, IL 6, and TNF α levels were measured. Compared to hyperthyroidism significant decrease in high density lipoprotein cholesterol was observed in hypothyroid individuals.

Results:

Significantly decreased adiponectin levels were observed in hypothyroid patients. Elevated levels of inflammatory markers such as IL 6 and TNF α were also observed in the patients with hypothyroidism as compared to the hyperthyroid individuals. Results observed in the present study revealed that conditions of hypothyroidism synergistically favor the progression of rheumatoid arthritis complication.

Conclusion:

We observed significantly decreased levels of adiponectin in hypothyroid patient samples as compared to the samples of hyperthyroid patients.
Vertical Transmission of COVID-19 Can Cause Subsequent Complications in Pregnancy
Authors: Rai Dolly , Shukla Deepankar
Published: March 2023

Vertical transmission of acute respiratory syndrome involving coronavirus-2 in pregnant women with COVID-19 (serious acute respiratory syndrome, coronavirus-2 [SARS-CoV-2]) and variations in the progression of maternity complications, including abortion, fetal malformations, impaired fetal development, and/or stillbirth. According to the clinical literature, vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is rare, but even if a SARS-CoV-2-negative neonatal test is administered, there is still a risk of infection and persistent abnormalities including fetal and maternal vascular dysfunction, major SARS-CoV-2 receptors are known to be an enzyme converting to angiotensin 2 (ACE2) and are highly expressed in maternal fever cells. Endothelial cells, smooth muscle vascular primary and secondary chorionic cells. However, it is not possible to eliminate other routes of placental infection. CoV-2 is often contaminated by fusion trophoblasts, but fetuses are seldom affected. The existence of the placental barrier is suggested by these findings, even if it is not fully successful. Intensive health research, such as repeated ultrasonography and fetal heart rate tracking, is strongly advised during pregnancy. Women infected with COVID-19 can carefully evaluate placental specimens after delivery through morphological and molecular techniques, as the extent and molecular mechanisms of intrauterine vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 are yet to be established.
Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension and Fetal Outcome Among Patients with PIH
Authors: Goswami Asoke Kumar
Published: March 2023

Background:

Hypertension is defined as a blood pressure level of 140/90 mmHg measured twice with a 6-h interval between each measurement during pregnancy. The rise in systolic and diastolic blood pressure is critical in determining whether or not someone has pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). PIH, also known as toxemia or preeclampsia, is a type of high blood pressure that occurs during pregnancy.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 67 pregnant women who presented to our hospital with PIH were enrolled using the following inclusion and exclusion criteria. Women with 20 weeks of gestation and those who willing to participate in this study.

Results:

Pregnancy-induced hypertension was more prevalent among nulliparous (56.7%). Out of 29 women, 13 (44.8%) have past h/o of PIH, 24.1% had previous preterm delivery, and 68.9% had previous lower segment cesarean section. The clinical presentation in mothers with PIH which shows that 47.8% had lower abdominal pain and 19.4% had vomiting/epigastric discomfort followed by headache (11.9%), convulsion (8.95%), and no any complaint (13.43%).

Conclusion:

Pregnancy-induced hypertension is a frequent medical condition that occurs during pregnancy. We discovered that PIH is more common in children under the age of 18 and in moms who are nulliparous. PIH causes a variety of clinical manifestations, some of which can be used to detect PIH early.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Specific Vulnerable Groups in the Context of the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Sekaran Varalakshmi Chandra , Ashok Lena , Bhagawati Dhritisha
Published: March 2023

In a global phenomenon unseen in recent decades, severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has swept across entire continents and has stirred immediate global action. This warrants a deeper understanding of the mental health needs of specific populations during the outbreak along with the precautionary measures for promoting physical as well as mental health during the pandemic. This review summarizes the existing literature addressing mental health concerns during outbreaks and the current COVID-19 pandemic among various groups with specific attention to vulnerable groups and the way forward. Literature was retrieved from databases including PubMed (NCBI)/MEDLINE, Wiley Online Library, World Health Organization, UNICEF, UN publications, and Google Scholar. All 33 articles were reviewed. The findings suggest an increased risk for mental health morbidity, especially among the vulnerable groups. As the literature on the subject is evolving, findings from existing literature are discussed with suggestions for the way forward.
A Study of Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Ovarian Axis in Depressive Females in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Aligarh
Authors: Rehman Mohammad Hifzur , Ali Syed Sadat
Published: March 2023

Background :

More than 264 million individuals around the world suffer from depression, with females experiencing it twice as frequently as males.

Material and Methods:

Women with depression have been reported to have considerably reduced blood levels of estradiol. To determine the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), oestrogen, and progesterone in depressed women as well as any abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis, we conducted this case-control study.

Observation and Results:

A total of 25 depressive patients and 25 matched controls who were not depressed were evaluated. The DSM-IV criteria were used to diagnose the patients. The controls, who were premenopausal women, had no history of current or previous mental disorder. The 17-point Hamilton rating scale was used to assess the severity of the depression. The 17-point Hamilton depression rating scale was used to assess the severity of the condition.

Conclusion :

Both in the follicular phase (p<0.05) and the luteal phase, depressed patients had significantly decreased levels of estradiol. The majority of patients had sleep difficulties, leading to recommendations to assess estradiol levels in depressed ladies and to think about hormone replacement therapy (HRT).
Association between Oral Cancer and ABO Blood Groups
Authors: Ashwinirani S. R. , Suragimath Girish
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

Oral cancer (OC) in India accounts for about 40% of all cancers of the body. Since the majority of human cancers are derived from epithelial cell changes in blood group antigens, it is an important aspect of human malignancies. So the present study was designed to evaluate the association between ABO blood group type and OC.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 63 atients were included in the study after obtaining a written consent and ethical clearance from the Institution. Demographic information including name, age, gender, adverse habits were recorded in a predesigned proforma. The clinically confirmed cases of OC were included and ABO blood grouping was done by routine method using Eryscreen Plus kit. The data was entered in MS excel and subjected to statistical analysis.

Results:

Most common age group affected in OC was 50-59 years and more in males. The most common site affected by OC was buccal mucosa. Blood group A patients were more common in OC.

Conclusion:

Based on the results of our study males aged above 50-59 years with blood group A were more prone to develop OC.
Prognostic Significance of p53 Expression in Various Grades of Epithelial Dysplasia
Authors: Patil Swati Krishnakant , Gawande Madhuri , Chaudhari Minal S. , Sharma Preethi N. , Hande Alka H. , Sonone Archana
Published: March 2023

Background:

Potentially malignant disorders in oral mucosa represent the morphological steps of epithelial transformation in the form of various grades of dysplasia. Only few cases of dysplasia evolve into carcinoma, and there is no specific markers invented which can predict the probability of progression. Oral carcinogenesis is a multistage course which constitutes a sequence of molecular events resulting in cell cycle dysregulation. p53 is the most commonly affected tumor suppressor gene. p53 mutation leads to uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells as well as increased p53 protein. p53 overexpression has been suggested to be consistent indicator for the development of oral cancer. The objective of this study is to investigate p53 immunohistochemical expression in various grades of oral epithelial dysplasia (ED) and to estimate the correlations between their expression levels in various grades of dysplasia.

Materials and Methods:

This study is done at the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, SPDC, Wardha. Total four groups were taken. Ten patients each of mild, moderate, and severe ED, i.e., total-30 patients and 10 control patients. The sample size required for the group was calculated by using the required formula. p53-positive cells were counted in 5 high power field (HPF) in all grades of ED and labeling index was measured.

Results:

Analysis of variance test was applied to see the differences in the p53 expression.

Conclusion:

The increase in the p53 expression in epithelium correlates to various grades of EDs.
Anthropometry Measurements and Nutritional Status of Children Attending Anganwadis in Rural Areas
Authors: Patel Ansi , Gada Hrutu , Menon Meera , Panicker Adithya , Patil Nikita , Bora Sumer
Published: March 2023

Background:

The study is regarding the effectiveness of ICDS scheme in India which is for the benefits of children's nutrition and health.

Aims:

The aim of this study is to determine the assessment of the nutritional status of children attending Anganwadi in Seloo and Deoli.

Objective:

The objective is to assess the nutritional status of children according to American Association for Health Education in Anganwadi at the village Seloo and Deoli of Wardha district.

Materials and Methods:

All the students of Seloo and Deoli taken as subject for anthropometric measurements to asses nutritional status. Study type is cross sectional study.

Results:

In Seloo, almost 56.6% of children are underweight. In Deoli, almost 50% of children are underweight.

Conclusion:

The overall prevalence of undernutrition in the study population was assessed, and severe undernutrition was found to be present.
Evaluation of Rapid Antigen Test for Detection of SARS-COV2 Virus in Comparison with Real-Time Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay
Authors: Mantur Prakash G. , Bagali Smitha , Sani Gandhi , Shahapur Praveen , Honnutagi Rajesh , Patil Mallangouda M.
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to spread worldwide. Antigen point-of-care tests are needed to help speed up the testing of SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we evaluated the performance of a rapid SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection assay to the SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test.

Materials and Methods:

COVID-19 infection suspected patients and contact individuals provided 185 respiratory samples (mostly nasopharyngeal and throat swabs) during the study from April to June 2021. The rapid SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection test was compared to the real-time RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 detection in respiratory specimens.

Results:

By real-time RT-PCR testing, 80 (43.2%) of 185 respiratory samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, while 105 (56.8%) were negative. The sensitivity and specificity of the fast SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection test were 63.1% and 90.1%, respectively.

Conclusion:

The sensitivity and specificity of the fast assay for SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection were comparable to those of the real-time RT-PCR assay. As a result, the rapid and easy SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection test could be used as a screening assay.
A Critical Appraisal on the State of the Health Workforce During the COVID Pandemic in India
Authors: Samal Janmejaya , Dehury Ranjit Kumar
Published: March 2023

The pandemic of COVID is one of the greatest public health emergencies of current time. More than 200 countries got affected with this disease. Albeit the medical science has improved a lot along with the technological advancement, the pandemic hit hard on the health system throughout the globe. In some parts of the world, especially the developing world, the overburdened health system got more exacerbated owing to several of the health system issues or the building blocks and India is one such country which faced a lot of health system issues. One of the cardinal building blocks of the health system is the human resources for health or the health workforce that had to face serious challenges in the face of this pandemic. Apart from clinicians, there were other supporting staffs such as public health experts, epidemiologists, microbiologists, disease modeling experts, health communication experts, and many other frontline health workers (HWs) that got engaged in this pandemic. They had to face the pandemic very closely putting their own and family life at stake. The long and protracted working hours in hospital by putting personal protective equipment kit lead to mental health problems. Initially, the HWs faced stigma and discrimination and were labeled as spreaders of infection and were shunned by several communities. In addition to contraction of infection, stress, and burnout, the mortality was also seen to be relatively more among many of the HWs. Deployment and shifting of tasks became a regular phenomenon during the pandemic. Many states in India make provision to incentivize, motivate, award, and provide security to the HWs however that became miniscule in front of such a monstrous pandemic. This article critically analyzes the issues of health-care workers during the pandemic with special reference to India.
Dermatological conditions associated with dental professionals in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alzaid Raghad Mohammed , Togoo Rafi Ahmad , Alshehri Amjad Saad , Alribah Raneem Mohammed , Asiri Rawan Zaid , Alhefze Raneem Mohammed
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Dental professionals and students are commonly exposed to occupation-related skin lesions, characterized as contact dermatitis (like allergic and irritant contact dermatitis, contact urticaria), that are commonly observed on hands and fingers. The present study evaluated the prevalence of skin lesions, knowledge about risk factors, and prevention of dermatological lesions among dental students and dental professionals.

Methods:

The present observational study was carried out on 100 study subjects, including dental students and staff, using a self-administered and structured questionnaire to assess demographic variables, awareness information, and knowledge about work-related skin lesions. The data was subjected to statistical analysis using IBM’s Statical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.

Results:

Sixty percent of the total number of subjects were dental students and 40% were dentists. 56.8% of the subjects were female and 43.2% were male, with a maximum of 0–5 years of practice/experience. The most common symptoms of skin lesions were itching and erythema, especially on the hands and fingers. Only 15.6% had their treatment done by dermatologists, and 7% underwent skin prick tests. Latex allergy was most familiar with feature of facial edema. The use of hand sanitizers, soaps, and protective cream was limited among the subjects.

Conclusion:

There was a lack of awareness among both the dentists and students regarding work-related skin lesions and getting them treated by dermatologists at the earliest, though the dentists’ level of knowledge was better than that of the students. Thus, various educational programs on dermatological lesions should be implemented so that dental professionals and students take necessary precautions and seek treatment for skin disorders.
Comparison of the efficacy of venlafaxine and bupropion in the treatment of depressive episode in patients with bipolar II disorder
Authors: Fakhri Ahmad , Asadi Khatereh , Pakseresht Sirous , Norouzi Shahin , Rostami Hamzeh
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective:

Depressive disorders are common among those with bipolar disorder II (BD II) and may necessitate the use of antidepressants. Because of the lack of quality evidence, there is controversy about the use of antidepressants in BD II. The aim was to compare the efficacy of venlafaxine and bupropion in the treatment of depressive episode in BD II.

Materials and Methods:

This randomized triple-blind clinical trial study was conducted on patient with depressive episode of BD II (based on diagnostic and statistical manual of disorders [DSM-V] criteria) referred to the specialized clinic of Golestan Hospital. A total of 40 patients were randomly divided into two groups of receiving venlafaxine (75 mg/day) or bupropion (100 mg/day) for 4 weeks. At the end of the intervention, the effectiveness of treatment was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS).

Results:

The results of this study showed that the HDRS score before treatment (P = 0.43) and after treatment (P = 0.15) was not significantly different between the two groups. HDRS score in both groups significantly decreased after 4 weeks (P < 0.0001). Although the rate of decrease in depression score was more in venlafaxine than in bupropion, these differences were not significant (% 36.7 ± 21.8 vs. % 45.3 ± 17.9, P value = 0.17).

Conclusion:

Our study showed that short-term (4-weeks) treatments of venlafaxine and bupropion were equally effective and could be a safe and effective antidepressant monotherapy for BD II major depression. It is suggested that more studies be conducted with larger sample size and over longer periods of time in a multicenter manner.
Treatment outcomes and associated factors among patients with drug-sensitive tuberculosis on daily fixed-dose combination drugs: A cohort study from Ahmedabad, India
Authors: Prajapati Arpit C. , Shah Tejas , Panchal Sagar , Joshi Bhavin , Shringarpure Kalpita , Jakasania Arjunkumar , Kathirvel Soundappan
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim:

The National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP) has been progressive in addressing the issues related to tuberculosis (TB) control in the country, with constant programmatic changes based on evidence available from operational research. Our objectives were 1. to assess the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and the treatment outcomes of patients on fixed-dose combination (FDC) daily regimen and 2. to assess the factors associated with unsuccessful treatment outcomes among patients with DS-TB.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective cohort study was conducted based on record review. The study population included all patients with drug-sensitive TB, registered and initiated on treatment under NTEP “new category” from January to June 2018 and under “previously treated category” from January to March 2018. Quantitative data downloaded from Nikshay in Excel format was imported.

Results:

A total of 8301 patients with DS-TB registered under NTEP. Mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of DS-TB patients was 35.3 + 16.9 years, and 63.2% were in the age group of 15–44 years. Also, 60.1% were male, 2.5% were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive, 65.3% were pulmonary TB cases, and 70.4% obtained treatment from public providers. Proportion of “successful” and “unsuccessful” outcomes was 87.9% and 12.1%, respectively, in the new treatment category and 78.3% and 21.7%, respectively, in the previously treated category. Among the patients classified under new category, the unsuccessful treatment outcome remained significantly high after adjustments with known confounders among patients aged 45–54 years (adjusted relative risks [aRR] 1.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.31–1.93) and 55–64 years (aRR 1.67, 95% CI 1.36–2.05) compared to patients aged <15 years.

Conclusion:

Unsuccessful treatment outcome was significantly high among patients aged 45–54 years. Various adherence mechanisms implemented can be evaluated for further upscaling and improving the program effectiveness.
Evaluation of learning environment of different family medicine programs, Jeddah-KSA, 2021
Authors: Alahmadi Abeer M. , Albaz Noof K. , Alharbi Nouf S.
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

A supportive educational climate in which learners are educated and monitored is a significant determinant of the medical trainees’ performance and progress and eventually contributes to better patient care. Therefore, residents’ training programs need to be assessed and incorporated according to the views and expectations of the candidates. The objectives of this research are to compare and evaluate the learning environment of Family Medicine (FM) programs in Jeddah and make practical recommendations for improvement of the learning environment.

Methods:

A descriptive causal-comparative study was designed at FM programs in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia during January, and February 2021, including all residents from R1 to R4. A Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure (PHEEM) questionnaire was used in this study. The overall score and the three domains were calculated.

Results:

Two hundred and eighty-three questionnaires were distributed, and 262 were completed and collected, making a response rate of 92.6%. Females represented were 150 (57.3%), and males were 112 (42.7%). The study shows that 78 (29.8%) of the residents reported that the learning environment was excellent, and 154 (58.8%) described it as a more positive than the negative environment, whereas 29 (11.1%) described it as having a lot of problems. Out of 160 maximum scores, the highest total score (127) was observed among residents at the National Guard program, whereas the lowest score (108) was in the FM joint program, P < 0.001.

Conclusion:

Evaluation of the training programs is an essential component of quality assurance procedures. The satisfaction of the FM residents at different programs in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, is better than reported previously, but however, further improvement is warranted. Juniors and residents of the National Guard program were more satisfied than their peers. We recommend low score items should have special consideration from high authorities and ongoing evaluation of the FM training program for further improvement of the learning environment.