bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Большие выбросы процессов гауссовского хаоса. Аппроксимация в дискретном времени
Authors: Zhdanov Aleksandr Ivanovich , Piterbarg Vladimir Il'ich
Published: January 2018

Пусть $\boldsymbol{\xi}(t)=(\xi_{1}(t),…,\xi_{d}(t))$ - гауссовский стационарный центрированный п.н. непрерывный векторный процесс. Пусть $g\colon\mathbf{R}^{d}\to\mathbf{R}$ есть однородная функция положительного порядка Изучается асимптотическое поведение вероятности высокого выброса процесса гауссовского хаоса $g(\boldsymbol{\xi}(t))$. Известными примерами являются произведения гауссовских процессов $\prod _{i=1}^{d}\xi_{i}(t)$ и квадратичные формы $\sum_{i,j=1}^{d}a_{ij}\xi_{i}(t)\xi_{j}(t)$. Предлагаемая в работе методология включает в себя асимптотический метод Лапласа, асимптотический метод двойных сумм исследования гауссовских процессов, с применяемой впервые предварительной аппроксимацией процессов в непрерывном времени процессами с дискретным временем.
Критерии относительной и стохастической компактности распределений сумм независимых случайных величин
Authors: Khartov Alexey Andreevich
Published: January 2018

Рассматриваются последовательности распределений центрированных сумм независимых случайных величин в рамках схемы серий без классических условий равномерной предельной малости и равномерного предельного постоянства. Критерий относительной компактности таких последовательностей распределений был найден Г. Зигелем в работе [11] (1981 г.). В настоящей статье этот критерий сформулирован в более полной форме, а также приведено его новое доказательство, основанное на характеристических функциях. Также получен критерий более сильного свойства, введенного В. Феллером в [1], - стохастической компактности. Кроме того, приведено несколько новых формулировок критериев относительной и стохастической компактности указанных последовательностей распределений сумм в терминах характеристических функций суммируемых случайных величин.
The Testimony of the Exalted Jesus in the Book of Revelation
Authors: Dixon Sarah S. U.
Published: January 2018

The interpretation of the phrase ‘the testimony of Jesus’ in the Book of Revelation has been the centre of much debate, with no clear consensus regarding its meaning. One of the most important but often neglected issues is whether or not the phrase can be read consistently across each instance of its occurrence. The opening lines of the Apocalypse clearly specify that ‘the testimony of Jesus’ is a moniker for the book of Revelation itself, indicating that the phrase is an internal self-reference to the book’s own message. Nevertheless, most interpreters are reluctant to apply this interpretation to the phrase in other parts of the book, leading to varied and inconsistent interpretations of the phrase.

Following the intratextual pattern of the apocalyptic books of Daniel and 1 Enoch we can see that it is entirely possible that ‘the testimony of Jesus’ is a reference to Revelation’s own message, an interpretation which is then supported by Dixon’s in-depth study of each of the passages in which the phrase occurs. The exploration of the rhetorical impact of interpreting the phrase in this way shows that ‘the testimony of Jesus’ is not just another title for John’s writing, but is something that is given to and even characterizes those who hear the message of the Apocalypse.
Researching Everyday Childhoods
Authors: Thomson Rachel , Berriman Liam , Bragg Sara
Published: January 2018

How can we know about children’s everyday lives in a digitally saturated world? What is it like to grow up in and through new media? What happens between the ages of 7 and 15 and does it make sense to think of maturation as mediated? These questions are explored in this innovative book, which synthesizes empirical documentation of children’s everyday lives with discussions of key theoretical and methodological concepts to provide a unique guide to researching childhood and youth. Researching Everyday Childhoods begins by asking what recent ‘post-empirical’ and ‘post-digital’ frameworks can offer researchers of children and young people’s lives, particularly in researching and theorising how the digital remakes childhood and youth. The key ideas of time, technology and documentation are then introduced and are woven throughout the book’s chapters. Research-led, the book is informed by two state of the art empirical studies – ‘Face 2 Face’ and ‘Curating Childhoods’ – and links to a dynamic multimedia archive generated by the studies.
How intermittency affects the rate at which rainfall extremes respond to changes in temperature
Authors: Schleiss Marc
Published: January 2018

Abstract. A detailed analysis of how intermittency modulates the rate at which sub-daily rainfall extremes depend on temperature is presented. Results show that hourly extremes tend to be predominantly controlled by peak intensity, increasing at a rate of approximately 7 % per degree in agreement with the Clausius–Clapeyron equation. However, rapid increase of rainfall intermittency upward of 20–25 degrees Celsius is shown to produce local deviations from this theoretical scaling, resulting in lower correlations between rainfall and temperature. On the other hand, rapidly decreasing intermittency with temperature between 10–20 degrees can result in higher net scaling rates than expected, potentially exceeding Clausius–Clapeyron. In general, the importance of intermittency in controlling the scaling rates of precipitation totals with temperature grows as we progress from hourly to daily aggregation time scales and beyond. Thermodynamic effects still play an important role in controlling the maximum water holding capacity of the atmosphere and therefore peak rainfall intensity. But the observational evidence shows that beyond a few hours, storm totals become increasingly dominated by dynamical factors such as event duration and internal intermittency. The conclusion is that Clausius–Clapeyron scaling alone can not be used to reliably predict the net effective changes in rainfall extremes with temperature beyond a few hours. A more general scaling model that takes into account simultaneous changes in intermittency and peak intensity with temperature is proposed to help better disentangle these two phenomena. The model is applied to a large number of high-resolution rain gauge time series in the United States. Results show that the new model with intermittency greatly improves the representation of rainfall extremes with temperature, producing a much more consistent and reliable picture of extremes across scales than what can be achieved using Clausius–Clapeyron only.
Simulation of the Performance and Scalability of MPI
Communications of Atmospheric Models running on
Exascale Supercomputers
Authors: Zheng Yongjun , Marguinaud Philippe
Published: January 2018

Abstract. In this study, we identify the key MPI operations required in atmospheric modelling; then, we use a skeleton program and a simulation framework (based on SST/macro simulation package) to simulate these MPI operations (transposition, halo exchange, and allreduce), with the perspective of future exascale machines in mind. The experimental results show that the choice of the collective algorithm has a great impact on the performance of communications, in particular we find that the generalized ring-k algorithm for the alltoallv operation and the generalized recursive-k algorithm for the allreduce operation perform the best. In addition, we observe that the impacts of interconnect topologies and routing algorithms on the performance and scalability of transpositions, halo exchange, and allreduce operations are significant, however, that the routing algorithm has a negligible impact on the performance of allreduce operations because of its small message size. It is impossible to infinitely grow bandwidth and reduce latency due to hardware limitations, thus, congestion may occur and limit the continuous improvement of the performance of communications. The experiments show that the performance of communications can be improved when congestion is mitigated by a proper configuration of the topology and routing algorithm, which uniformly distribute the congestion over the interconnect network to avoid the hotspots and bottlenecks caused by congestion. It is generally believed that the transpositions seriously limit the scalability of the spectral models. The experiments show that although the communication time of the transposition is larger than those of the wide halo exchange for the Semi-Lagrangian method and the allreduce in the GCR iterative solver for the Semi-Implicit method below 200 000 MPI processes, the transposition whose communication time decreases quickly as the number of MPI processes increases demonstrates strong scalability in the case of very large grids and moderate latencies; the halo exchange whose communication time decreases more slowly than that of transposition as the number of MPI processes increases reveals its weak scalability; in contrast, the allreduce whose communication time increases as the number of MPI processes increases does not scale well. From this point of view, the scalability of the spectral models could still be acceptable, therefore it seems to be premature to conclude that the scalability of the grid-point models is better than that of spectral models at exascale, unless innovative methods are exploited to mitigate the problem of the scalability presented in the grid-point models.
Brief communication: Roads and landslides in Nepal: How development affects risk
Authors: McAdoo Brian G. , Quak Michelle , Gnyawali Kausha , Adhikari Basanta , Devkota Sanjay , Rajbhandari Purna , Sudmeier Karen
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The number of deaths from landslides in Nepal has been increasing dramatically due to a complex combination of earthquakes, climate change, and an explosion of road construction. We compare the distribution of landslides in Sindhupalchok district before the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake with those generated by the earthquake to demonstrate that landslides are more than twice as likely to occur near a road than a random distribution. Based on this finding, geoscientists, planners and policymakers must consider how development needs overlap with physical (and ecological), socio-political and economic factors to generate risk in exposed communities.
Brief Communication: Vehicles for development or disaster? The new Silk Route, landslides and geopolitics in Nepal
Authors: Sudmeier-Rieux Karen , McAdoo Brian G. , Devkota Sanjaya , Lal Chandra Rajbhandari Purna
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The One Belt, One Road (OBOR) policy, one of China's most ambitious foreign investment and policy initiatives, portends significant changes in the social, cultural and critically, the physical landscape of Nepal, which became a signatory in May 2017. The small, mountainous nation is sandwiched between the massive Indian and Chinese economies and the roads that link these two signify vehicles of change. There are plans for expanding several major trunk roads to pass from Tibet to India along existing routes that are already being impacted by increased trade, and the recent landslide victory of the left alliance (Communist and Maoists Centre) auger greater openness toward China. Rural villages adjacent to these roads will undoubtedly continue to tie into these roads via a network of poorly constructed feeder (rural) roads which are likely to increase environmental, economic and human risks associated with roadside landslides. This commentary elaborates on the above issues based on research on the occurrence of roads and landslides in Nepal with recommendations for improved road governance.
ARTROEREZĖS OPERACIJA STABILIZUOJANT PAŠOKIKAULINĮ
PĖDOS SĄNARĮ.
KLAIPĖDOS UNIVERSITETINĖS LIGONINĖS PATIRTIS
Authors: Žegunis Vidmantas
Published: January 2018

Autorius retrospektyvoje analizuoja rezultatus 250
pašokikaulinio sąnario artroerezės operacijų, atliktų
178 pacientams Klaipėdos universitetinėje ligoninėje
nuo 2009.12.04 iki 2015.02.28 dienos. Beveik visas
operacijas atliko pats straipsnio autorius, naudodamas
tą pačią metodiką ir tokį pat stentą (HyProCure,
Gramedica, USA). Skirtingai nei kitose šia tema publikuotose
studijose, operuoti pacientai priklausė įvairioms
amžiaus grupėms nuo 5 iki 77 metų amžiaus.
Indikacija operacijai buvo pašokikaulinio sąnario
nestabilumo sąlygota plokščiapėdystė, pasireiškusi
kulno hiperpronacija ir buvusi kitų lydinčių skundų
ir pėdos deformacijų priežastimi.
Per apžvelgtą 5 metų periodą 21 stentą, kas sudarė
8,1%, teko pašalinti dėl įvairių priežasčių. Pusė
jų buvo pašalinti dėl subjektyvių pacientų skundų
skausmu, nepatogumu, o pusė dėl nustatytos neteisingos
padėties po panirimo ar galimos malpozicijos
operacijos metu.
Nei pagal lytį, nei pagal amžių padidintos rizikos
grupės pacientų patikimai nustatyti nepavyko.
Pacientai, kuriems studijos laikotarpiu stentai likę
implantuoti, rezultatu buvo patenkinti ir galėtų šią
procedūrą rekomenduoti savo artimiesiems.
Šios palyginti naujos mūsų šalyje operacijos rezultatai,
autoriaus nuomone, teikia vilčių gydant pėdos
patologiją ankstyvose ligos stadijose ir įvairiose amžiaus
grupėse.
MOTERŲ, SERGANČIŲ KRŪTIES VĖŽIU, GYVENIMO KOKYBĖ
Authors: Paukštytė Renata , Rapolienė Lolita , Gedrimė Lina , Skarbalienė Aelita , Razbadauskas Artūras
Published: January 2018

Krūties vėžys jau daugelį metų yra dažniausia moterų
onkologinė liga bei opiausia ir aktualiausia jų
sveikatos problema. Krūties vėžio, kaip ir kitų onkologinių
ligų, klinikinių baigčių rezultatai, tokie
kaip išgyvenamumas ir su sveikata susijusi gyvenimo
kokybė, yra vieni svarbiausių sveikatos priežiūros
efektyvumo ir kokybės kriterijų. Sergančiųjų
krūties vėžiu su sveikata susijusios gyvenimo kokybės
tyrimai apima fizinę, psichologinę ir socialinę
tiriamųjų savijautą ir emocinį būvį. Sergant krūties
vėžiu, gyvenimo kokybės tyrimai yra ypač svarbūs ir
turėtų būti atliekami ne vieną kartą, nes tik daugkartiniai
tyrimai gali kur kas tiksliau atspindėti gydymo
efektyvumą bei padėti prognozuoti darbingumo lygį
bei išgyvenimo trukmę.
MEDICINOS DARBUOTOJŲ ŽINIOS APIE RANKŲ HIGIENOS
REIKALAVIMŲ LAIKYMĄSI ASMENS SVEIKATOS PRIEŽIŪROS
ĮSTAIGOSE
Authors: Lamanauskaitė Miglė , Kairys Jonas , Šturienė Renata
Published: January 2018

Tyrimo tikslas - įvertinti medicinos darbuotojų žinias
apie hospitalines infekcijas ir rankų higieną tarp VšĮ
Šeškinės poliklinikos medicinos darbuotojų. Buvo
atlikta medicinos darbuotojų anketinė apklausa. Respondentų
buvo klausiama apie hospitalines infekcijas,
priežastis, rizikos veiksnius, rankų higieną bei metodus.
Išdalintos 305 anketos, grąžintos 255 anketos
(atsako dažnis 83,6 proc.). Galutinei duomenų analizei
panaudotos 245 anketos (96,1 proc.).
69,0 proc. respondentų teisingai apibrėžė hospitalines
infekcijas. Respondentai, kurių amžius iki 40
m., su 1,91 karto didesniu šansu teisingai suprato
hospitalines infekcijas, nei respondentai, kurių amžius
daugiau nei 41 m. Respondentai, kurių amžius
iki 40 m., su 3,26 karto didesniu šansu geriau žinojo
apie hospitalinių infekcijų sukėlėjų plitimo kelius,
nei respondentai vyresni nei 41 m. amžiaus. 20 proc.
tiriamųjų nurodė, kad hospitalinių infekcijų sukėlėjai
neplinta per rankas. 64,5 proc. respondentų nurodė,
kad jų žinios apie hospitalines infekcijas pakankamos.
Nustatyta, kad kuo didesnė darbo patirtis, tuo respondentas
turi mažiau žinių apie hospitalines infekcijas
(r = - 0,190; p=0,003). Daugumos medicinos darbuotojų
žinios atitinka rankų higienos reikalavimus. 41,2
proc. respondentų nurodė, kad medicinos darbuotojai
kartais neatlieka rankų higienos dėl naudojamų odą
dirginančių priemonių, 21,2 proc. respondentų - dėl
įtempto darbo grafiko. Tyrimo metu nustatyta, kad
bendrosios praktikos gydytojai su 2,46 karto didesniu
šansu nurodo, kad pagrindinė rankų higienos neatlikimo
priežastis yra įtemptas darbo grafikas, lyginant
su kitų sričių medicinos darbuotojais.
IKIMOKYKLINIO AMŽIAUS VAIKŲ BUVIMAS PRIE EKRANŲ: KADA TAI TAMPA VAIKŲ SVEIKATOS RIZIKOS VEIKSNIU?
Authors: Jusienė Roma , Laurinaitytė Ilona , Pajėdienė Alina , Praninskienė Rūta , Rakickienė Lauryna , Urbonas Vaidotas
Published: January 2018

Informacinėms technologijoms vis labiau skverbiantis į kiekvienos šeimos kasdienybę įvairių šalių tyrėjai jau kurį laiką aktyviai domisi galimu jų naudojimo poveikiu vaikų sveikatai; vis dėlto itin nedaug tyrimų, kuriuose būtų kompleksiškai tiriama ir psichikos, ir fizinė sveikata, jos sąsajos su vaikų aktyviu bei pasyviu buvimu prie įvairių ekranų. Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti, kokios yra pusantrų – penkerių metų amžiaus vaikų aktyvaus ir pasyvaus informacinių technologijų (televizoriaus, kompiuterio, planšetinio kompiuterio, išmaniojo telefono ir žaidimų konsolės) naudojimo apimtys bei kaip jos siejasi su šių vaikų psichologinės ir fizinės sveikatos aspektais. Siekiant šio tikslo, ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų iš įvairių Lietuvos vietovių tėvų buvo paprašyta užpildyti anketas apie jų vaikų psichikos ir fizinę sveikatą bei informacinių technologijų naudojimą (tiek aktyvų, tiek pasyvų). 2017m. balandžio – spalio mėnesiais buvo surinkti duomenys apie 769 vaikus nuo 18 iki 72 mėn. amžiaus (M = 42,42, SD = 15,5). Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, kad trečdalis vaikų darbo dienomis praleidžia prie ekranų nuo 30 min. iki valandos, o savaitgaliais – nuo 1 iki 2 valandų, tačiau nemaža dalis (11 proc. darbo dienomis ir 22 proc. laisvadieniais) naudojasi informacinėmis technologijomis 2-3 val. ir daugiau; ilgiau prie ekranų būna vyresni vaikai, taip pat tie, kurių tėvų išsilavinimas yra vidurinis arba žemesnis. Dažniausiai ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikai žiūri televizorių, rečiau naudojasi išmaniuoju telefonu ar planšetiniu kompiuteriu, dar rečiau– kompiuteriu, o žaidimų konsole šio amžiaus vaikai beveik nesinaudoja. Tėvai būdami šalia vaiko dažniausiai žiūri TV ar naudojasi išmaniuoju telefonu, TV kaip “fonas” dažnai ar beveik visada būna naudojamas 29 proc. tirtų vaikų šeimose. Rasta reikšmingų sąsajų tarp informacinių technologijų naudojimo ir sveikatos rodiklių: ilgesnė buvimo prie ekrano trukmė yra susijusi su didesniais vaikų emocinių, elgesio problemų, somatinių skundų ir bendrai somatinių simptomų įverčiais, taip pat dažnesniu sergamumu ūminėmis ligomis ir trumpesne miego trukme, net ir kontroliuojant vaikų amžių. Formuluojant ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų informacinių technologijų naudojimo rekomendacijas svarbu turėti omenyje, kad reikšmingai didesnei somatinės simptomatikos raiškai atsirasti svarbi jau 1-2 val. buvimo prie ekranų trukmė, o elgesio ir emocijų sunkumų didesnei raiškai – 2-3 val. ir ilgesnė buvimo prie ekranų trukmė.
ŠIUOLAIKINIS GALVOS IR KAKLO SRITIES HEMANGIOMŲ GYDYMAS
Authors: Šiupšinskienė Nora , Pašvenskaitė Agnė , Norkienė Sigutė
Published: January 2018

Hemangioma – tai dažniausiai pasireiškiantis nepiktybinis navikas galvos ir kaklo srityje. Iki šiolei pirmo pasirinkimo vaistas gydant šios srities hemangiomas buvo peroraliniai kortikosteroidai, tačiau nauji tyrimai pagrindžia β blokatorių veiksmingumą. Straipsnyje aptariami šiuolaikiniai galvos ir kaklo hemangiomų konservatyvaus gydymo principai bei intervencinės procedūros. Pristatomi dviejų suaugusių moterų, kurioms diagnozuotos hemangiomos ryklės bei liežuvio šaknies srityse, klinikiniai atvejai.
BIOBASED CONTENTS OF MODEL RUBBER COMPOUNDS BASED ON ISO 19984 SERIES
Authors: Kunioka Masao , Saito Akira , Nakajima Mari , Araki Shunji
Published: January 2018

The percent modern carbon (pMC) values of natural rubbers from certain global areas as biomass resources and foods in Japan were confirmed by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The pMC value of biomass harvested in 2014 and 2015 was determined to be 101%. The optimal conditions for AMS pretreatment procedures were examined. Eleven model rubber compounds were prepared to determine biobased contents. The biobased contents of the model rubber compounds were calculated using their formulations and measured by carbon-14 concentration (equivalent to percent modern carbon) using AMS. The biobased carbon contents of the rubber compounds were estimated based on ISO 19984-1 by the ratio of biobased carbon mass to total carbon mass in the sample material and measured based on ISO 19984-2 using AMS for the sample itself. Their biobased mass contents were calculated based on ISO 19984-1 as the ratio of biobased ingredient mass to total sample mass and measured based on ISO 19984-3 by chemical analysis and AMS for separated samples of rubber, solvent extract, and inorganics including carbon black. The reproducibility of the biobased contents was determined by round robin test (RRT) in the ISO technical committee 45 “Rubber and Rubber Products” during preparation, documentation, and discussion of the ISO 19984 series. Nine AMS laboratories and one chemical evaluation laboratory, located in four countries, participated in this RRT. These methods for determining biobased contents were confirmed to have high reproducibility. The biobased carbon content and the biobased mass content of commercial rubber products, such as tire parts, were successfully measured based on ISO 19984-2 and 3.
The Communal Stakes of Scholarly Debate: A Retrospective on the Critical Reception of Black Atlantic Religion (2005)
Authors: Matory J. Lorand
Published: January 2018

Critical reaction to Black Atlantic Religion: Tradition, Transnationalism, and Matriarchy in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé (2005) has recapitulated and, in some cases, generated several central debates in the comparative study of diasporic cultures and their ostensible homelands. Together, this historical ethnography and these critical responses offer an important case study in how scholars' personal experiences and social positionality can shape what interpretations of society and history they are willing to believe and what communities they are able to imagine in a multi-sited field. Much the same diversity of experience, positionality, and imagination of community has shaped the long and international history of scholarship about Candomblé and other Afro-Atlantic religions, scholarship that has, over time, affected the practice of these religions themselves.
Culture, Nation, and the Struggle for Black Atlantic Religion
Authors: Sansi Roger
Published: January 2018

In this paper, the author responds to J. Lorand Matory's paper, “The Communal Stakes of Scholarly Debate: A Retrospective on the Critical Reception of Black Atlantic Religion (2005)” and the influence that Black Atlantic Religion has had in the field of African-Brazilian studies.
Toward an Inventory of Influence: Biography and Belonging in Sustained Dialogue with Black Atlantic Religion
Authors: Pérez Elizabeth
Published: January 2018

This article assesses the empirical and conceptual contributions of J. Lorand Matory's Black Atlantic Religion: Tradition, Transnationalism, and Matriarchy in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé (BAR) and of his first monograph, Sex and the Empire That Is No More: Gender and the Politics of Metaphor in Ọyọ-Yoruba Religion. The bearing of these texts on subsequent research in Afro-diasporic traditions is explored through an autoethnographic account that emphasizes the demand for a post-Eliadean style of comparativism, the disciplining function of the university, and social positionality as a condition for influence to manifest. The combination of these factors supports Matory's thesis in the present issue of this journal concerning the interplay of biography and belonging in the critical reception of BAR. The article concludes by asserting the inadequacy of debt (along with other economic metaphors) for the expression of intellectual impact, and casts the act of criticism as externalizing an intimate internal dialogical process.
Sacrifice, Ethics, and Alinesitoué: Human Rights and Ritual Discourse in a Revolutionary Prophetic Movement
Authors: Hellweg Joseph
Published: January 2018

Alinesitoué Diatta pioneered forms of ritual practice that codified moral protest against French colonialism in Senegal. Her rise to prominence reflected conditions in which men left their homes as migrant laborers to earn cash to pay colonial taxes. Under the French, women prophets thus replaced their male predecessors. Rather than offer an ethical deontology of protest, Alinesitoué enacted a ritual critique. She forbade the use of non-Jola rice in sacrifices as well as the planting of peanuts as a cash crop, thereby confronting the economic demands of the French who championed the cultivation of peanuts for export. More importantly, she brought rain, equating the French presence with environmental catastrophe: a drought that had been plaguing Jola farmers. She was eventually arrested and exiled, but Robert Baum's study of her life and work resurrects her critique, revealing ritual as a sophisticated, innovative source for ethical discourse.
Environmental Health Threats Associated with Drainage from a Coastal Urban Watershed
Authors: Humphrey Charles , Blackmon Jamil , Kelley Tim , ODriscoll Michael , Iverson Guy
Published: January 2018

The project goal was to determine if stormwater runoff and the legacy effects of leaking underground storage tanks (UST) posed an environmental health threat along an urban stream, Town Creek (TC). Baseflow and stormflow samples were collected from TC between March and October 2016 for physical and chemical characterization and E. coli analyses. Groundwater seeps and wells near the banks of TC were also sampled for E. coli and benzene analyses. Stormflow concentrations of E. coli were significantly (p < 0.05) elevated relative to preceding baseflow and groundwater concentrations. Overall, 80% of stormflow samples and 45% of baseflow samples exceeded the US EPA recommended standards for E. coli in recreational waters. Benzene was detected in all water samples analyzed and 50% of samples collected from a seep on the western bank of TC exceeded the maximum contaminant level. Concentrations of benzene emitted to air from contaminated soil exceeded short term exposure standards 75% of times sampled. Results suggest the drainage from TC may be a threat to environmental health. Implementation of stormwater control measures is suggested to reduce the delivery of runoff and E. coli to TC. Remediation of groundwater contaminated by leaking underground storage tanks is also suggested.
Existence and Uniqueness of Solution for Caginalp Hyperbolic Phase- Field System with a Polynomial Potential
Authors: Reval Langa Franck Davhys , Moukoko Daniel , Ampini Dieudonn , Moukamba Fidle
Published: January 2018

We prove the existence and the uniqueness of solutions for Caginalp hyperbolic phase-field system with initial conditions, Dirichlet boundary homogeneous conditions and a regular potential of order $2p-1$, in bounded domain.
RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF BIONIC LUBRICANT COMPOSITIONS
Authors: MOLENDA Jarosław
Published: January 2018

The aim of the study was to investigate the rheological properties of aqueous solutions of sodium hyaluronate (molecular weight 1.0-1.8 MDa) in 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0% w/w compositions. The tests were performed using a rotary rheometer MCR 101 (Anton Paar), in a plate-cone measuring system, at 20 °C. Flow curves, viscosity curves, hysteresis loops, as well as the dependence of the conservative modulus G’ and the loss modulus G’’, depending on the oscillation frequency, were recorded. The compositions tested showed non-Newtonian liquid properties thinning by shear, and the viscoelastic properties were determined by the concentration of hyaluronan in water. For compositions with a concentration of 0.1% w/w and 0.5% w/w, the viscosity and elasticity of the compositions varied periodically by the oscillation frequency. On the other hand, the 1% w/w composition exhibits the dominance of elastic over the viscous properties in over the tested oscillation range. It is envisaged that such compositions may be considered as potential bionic lubricants for medical applications.
TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYURETHANES IN ABRASIVE SOIL MASS
Authors: NAPIÓRKOWSKI Jerzy , LIGIER Jerzy
Published: January 2018

This paper presents a comparative study of polyurethane wear in abrasive soil mass. Two types of polyurethanes of various chemical compositions and untreated 38GSA steel were tested, the latter being used as a reference standard. The study was conducted in a natural soil mass at a “rotating bowl” stand. Relative wear resistance was determined from measurements of mass wear for the materials under study. The conditions of the surface of the materials under wear tests were analysed.
IDENTIFICATION OF FATIGUE DAMAGE OF METAL SHEETS MADE OF MATERIAL DD11 FROM AN ANALYSIS OF VIBRATION SIGNALS
Authors: RYCHLIK Arkadiusz , LIGIER Krzysztof , KOZUBEL Władysław
Published: January 2018

This paper presents a method of identifying fatigue cracking of specimens made of material DD11 based on selected characteristics of the vibration signal. Acceleration of vibrations of the free end of a specimen was taken for an analysis of specimen properties during the process of fatigue cracking. Features which enable identification and monitoring of the process of specimen cross-section cracking were indicated for the diagnostic signal. The study was conducted on an original test stand in which the process of the destruction of material cross-section is caused by a specimen’s inertia force. The study results indicated that the presented method of identification of a specimen structure change can be applied to identify the technical condition of a structure in regard to a loss of continuity and structure properties (e.g., mechanical and fatigue cracking). The results of vibration analysis were verified by penetration methods and by microscopic observation.
The Relations between the Coptic Church and the Armenian Church from the Time of Muhammad Ali to the Present (1805–2015)
Authors: Kupelian Mary
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines the relationship between the Coptic and Armenian churches in Egypt in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The Coptic and Armenian churches (with the exception of Armenian Protestants) share a long history of cooperation and goodwill, and continue to pursue a goal of unity. Egyptian Christians (Copts) and Armenian Orthodox Christians represent the non-Chalcedonian belief in the unity of the nature of Christ (the single nature of Christ). The majority of Armenian Egyptians are affiliated with the Orthodox Church, but Armenian Catholics, who believe in the dual nature of Christ, also make up part of the Egyptian Armenian community. The Armenian community, as a whole, shows remarkable tolerance and acceptance of other Christian communities, although in recent decades the initiative and commitment to unity has been spearheaded by the Coptic Pope, Shenouda III.
Highlights from the Polish Excavations at Marea/Philoxenite 2000–14
Authors: Babraj Krzysztof , Tarara Daria
Published: January 2018

This chapter focuses on Marea/Philoxenite, the subject of the excavation campaigns by the Polish Mission in Egypt during the period of 2000–14. It documents the history and the architecture of the site settlement. Marea/Philoxenite is located forty-five kilometers southwest of Alexandria, on the southern shore of Lake Maryut. The city was a major port, active during the Roman and Byzantine periods, and perhaps even earlier, during the Ptolemaic era. During fifteen seasons of excavations, the Polish Archaeological Mission has revealed two independent architectural complexes: a bath complex supported by a saqya and a funerary chapel, and a Christian basilica. Both complexes were active from the beginning of the sixth to the beginning of the eighth centuries.
Epilogue
Authors: Verner Miroslav
Published: January 2018

This epilogue considers some of the challenges that lie ahead for the Czech archaeological team, led by Ludwig Borchardt, with regard to exploration of Abusir. After Borchardt's archaeological excavations before World War I and subsequently more than half a century of Czech explorations, it seems like all important archaeological monuments in Abusir have already been found and examined and no more major discoveries can be expected. However, the opposite is true. The chapter discusses the problems concerning the dominant monuments in the Abusir royal cemetery—the pyramids. It also highlights the fact that many large tombs in the immediate vicinity of the pyramids remain unexplored and concludes with an overview of another archaeological challenge facing the Czech team in South Abusir: the unfinished excavation of the cemetery from the Early Dynastic Period, adjacent from the east to the Old Kingdom cemetery.
Searching for Antiquities, Saving Libraries
Authors: Simaika Samir , Henein Nevine
Published: January 2018

This chapter discusses Marcus Simaika's search for antiquities to add to the Coptic Museum as well as his efforts to save the libraries of the Coptic patriarchate, churches, and monasteries from deterioration. Simaika was relentless in his search for objects to add to the museum acquisitions and collections and lamented the difficulty in obtaining gifts of antiquities belonging to Coptic notables. In his persistent search for antiquities, Simaika described an incident involving Anba Bakhomios, bishop of the Deir al-Muharraq (“Burnt Monastery”) in Asyut. When he visited the monastery, he saw an old woven silk curtain with a dedicatory inscription dated 1756 and asked the bishop if he can have it. It took nine years for the bishop to hand over that curtain. Simaika was dedicated not only to acquiring artifacts for the museum, but also to the preservation of antiquities and manuscripts at the ancient churches and monasteries when possible.
The Second Phase
Authors: Aszkielowicz Dean
Published: January 2018

When the Australian trials encountered logistical difficulties in 1947 and 1948, it came at a time when Australia’s allies were moving away from prosecutions and other measures to punish Japan. The government could have ended its prosecutions in late 1948 to match U.S. policy for the Occupation of Japan, but instead it began a process of navigating the logistical difficulties the program had encountered. The Australian trials completely stalled in 1949, and the ruling Labor government lost power at the December 1949 federal election. The new Liberal government, led by Sir Robert Menzies, built on Labor’s work while in government and rejuvenated the Australian prosecutions. They began on Manus Island, in June 1950. Starting a second phase of prosecutions at this late stage was only possible after some tense negotiations with the U.S. leadership in Occupied Japan, and the decision was a major shock to the Japanese people, which resulted in a grass roots political movement to petition the Australian government to reverse its decision.
Who Pooped and How It Was Found
Authors: Coakley Tricia
Published: January 2018

Tracking the sources of fecal pollution in Kentucky streams is an important task to allow for removal of the associated pollution. Modern molecular biology techniques, analyzing the DNA of fecal bacteria, provide cost effective methods and make fecal source tracking possible for municipalities and non-profit organizations. This is a story of the use of these methods by a collaboration of stakeholders to solve a real world fecal pollution problem in Lexington, Kentucky.
Water as the Context for Community-Based Science Projects
Authors: Hanley Carol , Taylor Kelly
Published: January 2018

This chapter explores the educational practices employed to motivate young people to become interested and study science careers. Educators of the University of Kentucky (UK), College of Agriculture, Food and Environment’s (CAFE) Environmental and Natural Resources Initiative consider their use of real-life situations and projects to teach science to Kentucky’s K-12 students. The educators demonstrate how they use project-based learning in conjunction with community-based issues to interest students in science topics and careers. Multiple examples of community-based science programs are described along with reflections from students and teachers. Recommendations for future projects methodologies are included.
The Labor of Dignity
Authors: Ervin Keona K.
Published: January 2018

Not long after St. Louisans entered into the new year of 1969, the final year of a decade of significant social upheaval at the local and national level, thousands of public-housing tenants struck against the St. Louis Housing Authority (SLHA). Together, the black working-class women whose lives were at the center of the debate over the future of the city staged one of the largest and earliest demonstrations of its kind. National news outlets provided coverage, politicians at the local, state, and national level weighed in and amended or adopted policies as a result, and several strike leaders emerged as national figures. While they issued numerous demands to city officials, above all, dissidents called for dignity and control. Drawing upon support from key leaders, public sympathy, and the sustainable political communities that they had built over time, strikers demanded the redistribution of power and a greater allocation of resources to manage their own affairs and become key brokers in decision-making processes. Their hard-hitting politics and critical views about municipal authority and governance were deeply rooted in their insistence on making black working-class women’s survival a matter of public concern....
“We Strike and Win”
Authors: Ervin Keona K.
Published: January 2018

In the Funsten Nut Strike of 1933, nut shellers shut down production to protest poor working conditions and wage cuts. A group of black working-class women positioned themselves at the center of Depression-era politics through the highly publicized, Communist-organized strike against the Funsten Nut Company. Among the most influential labor battles of its era, the strike carved out a space for black women workers in the growing and increasingly powerful radical labor movement, marking the development of that movement in St. Louis.
“Their Side of the Case”
Authors: Ervin Keona K.
Published: January 2018

Chapter 2 maps the labor activism of St. Louis’s largest segment of black working-class women as they mounted a labor reform program that anticipated and challenged New Deal labor legislation. With progressive black women staffers who led the St. Louis Urban League’s Women’s Division and progressive Jewish clubwomen who developed important ties to black communities, domestic workers designed and enforced standardization and rationalization policies to make dignity tangible in their contractual agreements. A predominant female constituency marked the Urban League as a women’s organization during a “radical” phase that extended into the late 1940s. As domestic workers made moves to “industrialize” household labor, they laid the groundwork for black women’s economic battles during the World War II period.
“Beneath Our Dignity”
Authors: Ervin Keona K.
Published: January 2018

Chapter 5 analyzes the initial rocky years of black working-class women’s entry into the needle trades, boot and shoe, and laundry factories and their unions during the early to mid-1940s. Black working-class women exposed the fault lines of the American racial liberalism espoused by civil rights and union progressives who worked to establish “interracial good-will” in unionism and the industrial workforce. Women’s resistance on the shop floor and in the union hall, demanding respect and fairness, challenged and altered community leaders’ programs. Black working-class women were less interested in breaking the color barrier than in earning fair wages, establishing fair standards, organizing work hours around other commitments, and working and organizing in a hospitable climate. Focusing on black women’s work with the ILGWU, this chapter examines their work and union experiences in the union’s worker theater program to consider why conflicts over historical memory; black women workers’ long demands for dignity, autonomy, and respect; and social reformers’ interracial experiments produced intense battles.
Imagining the Tree of Wisdom
Authors: Baker Jack R. , Bilbro Jeffrey , Berry Wendell
Published: January 2018

Berry’s novella Remembering powerfully depicts the importance of the imagination in healing the dismemberment and displacement caused by our contemporary mode of life and education, so this chapter opens with a reading of Andy Catlett’s journey to reimagine the health and beauty of his home, thus regaining his desire to return. An education that hopes to encourage students to serve the health of their communities must offer particular, complex images of health that they can desire and work toward. Most universities today are unable to clearly articulate what end they serve, so they lapse into merely providing students with career training. While this is an important part of a university’s task, it fails to provide students with any vision of a healthy place. We propose an education rooted in and united by place. Such an education would combat the motivations to obtain money and power that have led to the current fragmentation of academic disciplines. Thus, we follow Berry’s suggestion that universities adopt the medieval image of knowledge as a rooted tree.
Hierarchy
Authors: Baker Jack R. , Bilbro Jeffrey , Berry Wendell
Published: January 2018

As a youth, Andy’s inconsiderate curiosity can’t be bothered to contemplate the consequences of his investigations. To remedy such recklessness, Berry argues that we should pursue knowledge within limits and apply it within healthy forms. Academics who are enculturated in a publish-or-perish environment, however, tend to form similarly driven, ambitious students who aspire to be global leaders heroically solving big problems. Yet universities should also honor humble vocations that help steward the health of local places. Such stewardship can be an act of gratitude for the good gift of life. This grateful stewardship runs counter to the denial of limits embedded in much of our contemporary culture, which believes in scientific progress and unending technological improvement. The arrogance and ingratitude that cause these various denials of limits are exacerbated by the specialized, fragmented organization of knowledge in higher education. Such isolation allows academics to be unmindful of and ungrateful for their places, the sources of their life and health. Members of universities can foster proper gratitude and an acceptance of our limited, embedded place in creation by observing the Sabbath, acknowledging our ignorance, and maintaining a local, contextual scope in learning.
Introduction
Authors: Malovany Pesach , Baram Amatzia , Woods Kevin M. , Englesberg Ronna
Published: January 2018

The Iraqi Army, whose performance in the field fluctuated between prolonged failure (in 1941, 1967, 1980, and 1982), relative success (in 1973 and 1983–1990), failure (in 1991), and ultimate failure (in 2003), has won an impressive memorial in Pesach Malovany’s profound, monumental study.

The Iraqi Army was established under British auspices on 6 January 1921, approximately seven months before the coronation of Faysal I, founder of the Hashemite monarchy in Baghdad. The founders of the army were former Ottoman officers who had joined the Arab desert rebellion, which aided the British in the First World War against the Ottoman Empire. It was a small, poorly equipped standing army with limited abilities. At the same time, even in its infancy, this army set a path for itself from which it did not waver until its destruction in the spring of 2003....
The Development of the Iraqi Army from Its Establishment until the War against Iran (1921–1980)
Authors: Malovany Pesach , Baram Amatzia , Woods Kevin M. , Englesberg Ronna
Published: January 2018

The chapter deals with the establishment of the Iraqi armed forces on January 1921 and their development until the outbreak of the war against Iran on September 1980. It deals with the British involvement in the armed forces development, the fighting of the army against the uprisings that broke out mainly in the north in the 20th and 30th.
It deals also with the army’s involvement in internal politics, the first military coup d’etat in 1936, and the first war against the British forces—the May Revolution of 1941. It describes the development of the armed forces until the fall of the monarchy in 1958 and the rise of the Ba’at regime to power in 1968, and the rise of Saddam Hussein, until the war with Iran.
Wars Fought by the Iraqi Army in the Years Prior to the War against Iran
Authors: Malovany Pesach , Baram Amatzia , Woods Kevin M. , Englesberg Ronna
Published: January 2018

The chapter deals with the wars of the Iraqi armed forces from their establishment until the war against Iran (1921-1980). The three wars the Iraqis were involved in wars against Israel—in 1948, 1967 and 1973, by sending expeditionary forces, and thir role in those wars side aside with other Arab armies. It deals also with the fighting against the Kurds in north Iraq in the 60th and 70th. It deals also with the conflict between Iraq and Syria in the 70th.
The Turning of the Wheel
Authors: Malovany Pesach , Baram Amatzia , Woods Kevin M. , Englesberg Ronna
Published: January 2018

This chapter deals with the beginning of the Iranian offensive on Iraqi soil, which were a turning point in the development of the war, and an opening of a new phase. It describes the preparations on the Iraqi side for the continuation of the war, especially in the Basra sector in the south of Iraq, the First Basra Campaign (July 1982) and the five Iranian attacks launched in this sector and their consequences. It deals also with the opening of the war against Iranian oil exports by the air attacks on the island of Kharg (August 1982), as well as the campaign in the Mandali sector against the Iranian attacks in October –November, 1982).
The Iranian Effort Moves Northward to the 1st Corps Sector (June–November 1983)
Authors: Malovany Pesach , Baram Amatzia , Woods Kevin M. , Englesberg Ronna
Published: January 2018

This chapter deals with the following Iranian offensives in the northern and central sectors of the fighting front during the period of June-November 1983. It describes the Iranian attacks in the Qala Diza (June 1983) and Haj Umran sectors, and the battles that developed in those areas in the northern sector of the front and in east Kurdistan, during July - August 1983. It describes the Zurbatiya Campaign in the central sector of the fighting front, and the Iraqi counter attack and invasion of the Mehran expanse during July-August 1983, and the Penjwin Campaign, once more in the northern sector during October-November 1983. The chapter sums up the war at the end of its third year from the Iraqi perspective.
“The Decisive Year”
Authors: Malovany Pesach , Baram Amatzia , Woods Kevin M. , Englesberg Ronna
Published: January 2018

This chapter deals with a new phase of the war, the “Decisive Year”, as it was declared by the Iranians, and phase one of the Iranian “Karbala” offensives. It describes the continuation of the Iraqis in their new strategy to regain the initiative in the war, their operation to conquer the city of Mehran in the central sector of the front. It deals with the Iraqi Air Force’s continuing strategic attacks on Iranian targets in the course of 1986, and the Iranian Navy attacks on Iraq’s oil terminals in the Gulf. It describes additional Iranian initiatives in the central sector during September-October 1986 and deals with the “Irangate” Affair (November 1986). It also describes The first Iraqi initiatives against the Kurdish insurgents (November 1986) and sums up the sixth year of the war with a shift in the balance of power.