bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety and health index development for formulated product design: Paint formulation
Authors: Rafeqah Raslan , Hassim Mimi H. , Denny N. K. S. , Nishanth G. C. , Norafneeza Norazahar
Published: April 2019

Over the years, safety and health effects among consumers due to the exposure of formulated products have been reported. Thus, there is a need for systematic methodologies to assess the safety and health effects of the candidate’s ingredients in the early stages of formulated product design. Therefore, an index-based methodology was proposed to assess the safety and health effects in formulated product design. Product Safety and Health Index (PSHI) highlights the health sub-indexes based on the exposure routes including eye, inhalation, ingestion, and dermal. Each exposure route has its corresponding health sub-indexes that have to be applied. There are also new sub-indexes introduced for ingestion and dermal exposure. A case study on paint formulation was used to illustrate the developed methodology. The results show that the newly proposed index is able to identify hazardous chemical ingredient(s) with its corresponding adverse safety and health effects.
Network from the circles of the same radius for sustainable energy-efficient roof structures
Authors: Travush Vladimir , Antoshkin Vasily , Svyatkina Angelina
Published: April 2019

In this research paper, we investigated one of the methods of formation of geometric networks of arches of the same radius using regular spherical polyhedra. The variants of cutting sustainable energy-efficient coatings of buildings in the form of spherical domes are proposed. The task conditions of placing the specified network on the sphere are set. The criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of solving the problem is the minimum number of standard sizes of segments of the dome arches, the possibility of using pre-assembly technologies. The solution of one variant of the problem as placing the network on a spherical icosahedron and, accordingly, on a sphere is given. The placement of arches of one radius on the sphere, different from the location in the form of meridians, has an effective solution in the form of a network with minimal dimensions of arch segments and with nodes of paired arches comprised on the basis of circles of the same radii formed on the ground of regular spherical polyhedra. The problem is solved by constructing and combining in a system of regular spherical polyhedral with independent frameworks of arches of the same radius on the basis of paired circles of equal radius.
Operational durability of reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Berlinov Mikhail , Berlinova Marina , Grigorjan Artem
Published: April 2019

The resistance properties of reinforced concrete and reinforcement, required for modeling the degradation and calculations of the durability of reinforced concrete elements under the conditions of various types of corrosion damage, based on analytical and experimental data are substantiated. A probabilistic model has been developed for predicting and estimating the durability and reliability of reinforced concrete elements, taking into account the statistical variability of the calculation parameters and the kinetics of degradation processes during long periods of operation. Methods are proposed for calculating and predicting the durability of reinforced concrete elements based on deterministic probabilistic models of degradation of structural elements operating under aggressive environmental influences.
Clay buildings in modern energy efficient construction
Authors: Giyasov Adham , Barotov Unusjon , Naimov Firdavs
Published: April 2019

The best practices of using low-tech traditional materials are summarized, and the role of clay in modern architectural design and construction is revealed. The cost of energy for the construction of buildings with the use of ecological clay technology is much lower than with the use of industrial building construction technologies. Thermophysical and bioclimatic studies have allowed determining the thermal properties of walls made of clay, clay materials and their role in the formation of a comfortable microclimate of the premises. When examining the carrying capacity of the structural system of buildings, vulnerable buildings were identified, on the basis of which research and development constructive methods for strengthening clay walls were developed and proposed for use in the practice of designing and building buildings. They ensure high reliability and comfort of living of people in the standard and special climatic conditions of the territories. The developed methods of strengthening the structural parts and the technology of construction made of clay with high reliability will expand the construction in normal and special climatic conditions of the territories.
Bioclimatic architecture as the main part of green building
Authors: Eichner Michael , Ivanova Zinaida
Published: April 2019

Studies of the relationship between environmental quality of buildings, urban living conditions and the global climate change are becoming more relevant today, since living conditions in numerous megacities are rapidly deteriorating, and the climate change with economic and social impact endangering economies of whole nations. Deeper understanding of the climate saving quality of buildings and, in particular, their live cycle balance of included GHG emissions will allow architects and decision makers in the construction sector to properly take into account relevant environmental, climatic, and human factors, to create favorable ecological and healthy urban environments and habitat conditions. Architect M. Eichner, one of the authors of the article, developed urban projects for the North African desert area of Luxor as well as for the cold climate area of St. Petersburg with building designs considering the local climate, economic conditions, and best available construction solutions, evaluating and comparing their environmental impact on the biosphere and global climate. Conclusion of the authors: The local and global environmental impact of commonly constructed buildings through material, water, and energy consumption differs significantly between the different countries. Buildings for residential use with common and best-available solutions for construction, material and heating technology do not meet minimum climate saving requirements in accordance with international standards.
Human resources planning and auditing in agribusiness
Authors: Zakirova Alsou , Klychova Guzaliya , Yusupova Alfiya , Kirillova Valeriya , Gimadiev Ildus
Published: April 2019

Human resources and their development exert a considerable impact upon the effectiveness of an enterprises focused on innovative development since the potential of the personnel, its proper management and assessment provide competitiveness, strategic advantages and sustainable growth of the agricultural sector of any economy. To achieve the end goals an organization management must be guided by the rational use of not only financial and material resources but labor force as well. At the same time, workforce management appears to be one of the important areas of strategic development as, in an innovative economy the level of proficiency, knowledge, abilities and competence of an employee, become increasingly demanding. The article presents the procedure for planning personnel audit in accordance with international standards and provides precise matter making possible to be aware of the audit mechanism at the level of a particular economic entity. By means of applying such general scientific techniques as systematic approach, comparative analysis, classification and information integtating the authors have got an insight into the main principles of planning HR audit and scrutinised new requirements for the planning process in view of the fact that the international standards have become effective. With this in view the authors have elaborated the auditor’s working documents making possible to improve the efficiency of personnel audit and coordinate audit procedures with the work of the audited entity’s personnel.
GIS technologies for selecting location of dams in the flood control systems
Authors: Fedorov Mikhail , Badenko Vladimir , Chusov Alexander , Maslikov Vladimir
Published: April 2019

Many floodplains are excluded from development because the floods cause considerable damage to people’s lives and properties. Systems of hydraulic engineering structures for flood protection working with hydropower facilities are analysed to solve the problem of reducing the flood control volume of hydropower station. Methods of reducing the risk of flooding in the river basin by means of a distributed system of detention self-regulated dams are discussed. A geoinformation method used to justify the selection of parameters of such dams, primarily location of dam that minimize impact on the environment (ecological factor), is presented. In the present study, a system of multipurpose flood protection self-regulated dams is analysed as the measures for mitigation of flash floods in the Far Eastern region of Russia.
Structure and physical properties of sulfur with nanoscale carbon modifiers
Authors: Gladkikh Vitaliy , Korolev Evgenij , Smirnov Vladimir
Published: April 2019

It is known that sulfur-extended asphalt is of improved operational properties. Binders with higher content of polymeric sulfur are characterized by higher operational properties. Unfortunately, many sulfur modifiers are volatile and toxic. The objective of article is to investigate the structure of sulfur with admixtures of saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon and two types of nanoscale carbon modifiers. It was shown that such admixtures lead to formation of the fine-crystalline structure of high uniformity; average size of crystals decreases in order of magnitude. Structural changes are accompanied by notable improvement of compressive strength (the values of compressive strength increases in about 3 times). The practical value of the conducted studies is due to possible application of nanomodified sulfur in road construction.
Qualimetric assessment of management in the field of development
Authors: Chumakova Olga
Published: April 2019

Sustainable economic growth and progressive development of the Russian economy are necessary to improve the well-being of the population of the Russian Federation and to fully meet human needs. These goals can be achieved by solving various economic problems, including the problem of the best use of material and human resources available to a single economic entity, the region and the economy as a whole, which is one of the main problems of economic science. In this regard, the relevance of the study of the intensification of investment and construction activities (ICA), which allows improving the use of economic resources, is always high. It is especially important in the context of economic crises, when the fall in consumer demand, economic growth slows down, the volume of production of enterprises and the sale of goods, works and services, regional product and gross domestic product are reduced, and therefore, to minimize losses, the subjects of economic activity are increasingly paying attention to reducing the cost of used resources and increasing the efficiency of their use. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the development of methodological foundations of intensification on the basis of an integrated approach implemented by methods of determining the feasibility of intensification of investment and construction activities and the efficiency of the investment and construction complex.
Economic mechanisms for environmental risk management
Authors: Burkov Vladimir , Titarenko Boris
Published: April 2019

In this paper, to reduce risk of occurrence of an emergency environmental situation, quite a large number of economic mechanisms have been designed that are understood as complexes of interrelated evidence-based policies, procedures, and methodological solutions that provide optimal economic forms of regulation in the field of safety management and risk management at the federal, regional and facility levels.
The environmental policy implementation of the city of Sochi (Russia)
Authors: Balabanova Anna , Keschyan Nadezhda , Borisova Tatyana , Hachemizova Ekaterina
Published: April 2019

The article discusses the structure of city environmental management, regulatory documents, environmental monitoring system, the consequences of environmental policy at the local and regional levels, including cost analysis associated with the implementation of the city’s environmental strategies.
Land resources management through maintaining unified state register of immovable property in Russia
Authors: Ovchinnikova Natalia , Burdova Daria , Garanova Maria
Published: April 2019

Environmental planning and management serve to develop and implement special measures aimed at the rational use of natural resources, including the rational land use. Any further improvement of the production efficiency as well as of the material and cultural living standards is subject to the rational, economical use of land resources aiming to ensure balance in the natural environment. Land resources constitute a critical factor in the production and economic development of the country. State economic potential is strongly dependent on the availability and efficiency of environmental use and protection. For its part, the rational and effective land use requires a unified state register of immovable property. With due consideration of the current land use challenges and in order to improve the land use efficiency and regulating procedure, the appropriate legal and regulatory acts have been adopted both at the federal and local level in the Russian Federation. The principles of the rational land use planning are subject to current environmental safety requirements and management mechanism.
Increasing the innovative potential of the enterprise building complex
Authors: Artamonova Iuliia , Khrustalev Boris
Published: April 2019

The article discusses the structure and methodology for assessing the innovative potential of an enterprise. Based on expert analysis, factors affecting its innovative potential are highlighted. The article can be useful to researchers and managers of construction companies in assessing their innovative potential.
The process approach to increasing environmental friendliness of transport and logistics services
Authors: Varlamova Daria , Gorovoy Alexander
Published: April 2019

The article considers the use of the concept of integrated approach to manage transport and logistics services with elements of modern logistics technologies and total quality management. The author proposes the process model of quality management for the transport services. The using of this model can help the organization to define logistics processes of a high-priority and to redirect resources for the efficiency and quality improvement of selected transport and logistics processes. It can help to solve the environmental problems caused by modern transport. The author offers the directions of quality improvement based on the integrated approach and results of its application.
Business processes reengineering at the enterprise in terms of its ecological responsibility
Authors: Shakhgiraev Ismail , Kondratyeva Tatyana , Uazikov Askerbek , Kuzmin Alexey
Published: April 2019

The principles and technique of business processes reengineering at the enterprise are generalized in this article. The authors name the issues which can be solved by the means of reengineering at the modern enterprise. Having analyzed the experience of the enterprises, the authors reveal those factors that promote success of reengineering. It has been considered for years that the main scope of the new equipment and technology is the production and, first of all, processing. But according to the authors, in modern conditions, the technician and technology have to be used not only for production and commercial tasks but also for the increase in environmental friendliness of the enterprise activity, its responsibility for the influence on the environment state.
Cost effectiveness indicators of residential complex construction project
Authors: Morozovskiy Pavel , Muradov Denis , Udalova Anastasia , Samosudova Natalia , Spitsov Dmitriy
Published: April 2019

The article presents the variant of optimization of the project of construction of a residential complex. The study includes the decomposition of the complex into specialized types of work, the preparation of matrices of the works’ volumes, the calculation of the duration of construction, the calculation of methods of organization of work in different order, the calculations of the estimated cost of objects. A qualitative risk analysis of the project was carried out.
Content enrichment with expressive document modelling to leverage the understanding of unstructured data
Authors: Selvaraj Ganesh , Taboada Karla , Gonzales Eloy , Baluwala Habib
Published: April 2019

Most information in an enterprise is in the form of unstructured data which is usually managed using a document database. One of the key challenges is to define a generalized data model for this unstructured data and any information extracted from it using content enrichment algorithms. It is more challenging to incorporate provenance and temporal capabilities to such data models. Semantic databases use ontologies such as PROV-O to represent their provenance information expressively, and relational databases use for example Slowly Changing Dimensions (SCDs) concepts to represent temporal information. In this paper, we present a document model which has features inspired from Dublin core, PROV-O and temporal methodologies to generalize information extracted from unstructured data using content enrichment algorithms. Provenance information enables comparison of enrichment models, allows reproducibility and facilitates complex filtering on the enriched data. Temporal metadata helps in versioning the document and enables point-intime and history queries conveniently.
Multi-layer attention for person re-identification
Authors: Zhang Yuele , Guo Jie , Huang Zheng , Qiu Weidong , Fan Hexiaohui
Published: April 2019

Person re-identification has been a significant application in the field of video surveillance analysis, yet it remains a challenging work to recognize the person of interest across disjoint cameras of different viewpoints. The factors affecting the identification results include the variation in background, different illumination conditions and the changes of human body poses. Existing person re-identification methods mainly focus on the feature extraction of the whole frame and metric learning functions. However, most of those algorithms treat different areas without distinction. It is worth emphasizing that different local regions make different contributions to image representaion, which exactly conforms to the attention mechanism. In this paper, we introduce a novel attention network which explores spatial attention in a convolutional neural network. Our algorithm learns the visual attention in multi-layer feature maps. The proposed model not only pays attention to the spatial probabilities of local regions, but also takes the features in different levels into consideration. We evaluate this multi-layer spatial attention model on three benchmark person re-identification datasets: Market-1501, CUHK03, and DukeMTMC-reID. The experiment results validate the advances of our adopted network by comparing with state-of-the-art baselines.
Helix grounding electrode with good grounding performance
Authors: Zhang Zhanlong , Dan Yihua , Mei Daojun , Zou Jing , Jiang Peiyu
Published: April 2019

Grounding electrode is used for discharging current and ensure the safe and stable operation of electrical equipment. Grounding performance of grounding electrode will degradation with limited installation space. This paper proposes helix grounding electrode and builds theoretically and simulating model on the helix grounding electrode. Analyzing grounding surface potential and step voltage distribution, grounding resistance and surface current density distribution. Results show helix grounding electrode can reduce grounding resistance, improve grounding surface potential distribution and the discharging current distribution.
Building energy performance assessment for existing commercial buildings with heritage values
Authors: Wong James Pow Chew
Published: April 2019

The building sector accounts for 19% of Australia's energy consumption and around 23% of the greenhouse gas emissions. In 2005, commercial buildings in Australia were responsible for 10% or 26 megatonnes (Mt) of the nation's greenhouse gas emissions. They are two effective ways to reduce the building sector's emissions, namely constructing new energy efficient buildings or retrofitting existing buildings. Due to the life expectancy of existing building stock the greatest reduction in emissions before 2030 could be achieved through retrofits. Building performance assessment and evaluation uses predictive modelling method to investigate and evaluate building performance in energy demands, thermal occupant comfort, indoor air quality, building retrofit options and many other related environmental and wellbeing aspects. This paper discussed the use of building performance simulation software to investigate the impacts of various retrofit options have onto energy performance of existing commercial buildings with heritage values in Australia. The research explores the use of thermal and airflow modelling in assisting understanding of building energy performance with various retrofit options applied to existing commercial buildings. The finding highlights the capabilities of building performance simulation software in decision making for building performance investigations.
A method based on Dempster-Shafer theory and support vector regression-particle filter for remaining useful life prediction of crusher roller sleeve
Authors: Liu Haiping , Wu Jianjun , Ye Xiang , Liao Taijian , Chen Minlin
Published: April 2019

In order to solve the problem of accurately predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) of crusher roller sleeve under the partially observable and nonlinear nonstationary running state, a new method of RUL prediction based on Dempster-Shafer (D-S) data fusion and support vector regression-particle filter (SVR-PF) is proposed. First, it adopts the correlation analysis to select the features of temperature and vibration signal, and subsequently utilize wavelet to denoising the features. Lastly, comparing the prediction performance of the proposed method integrates temperature and vibration signal sources to predict the RUL with the prediction performance of single source and other prediction methods. The experiment results indicate that the proposed prediction method is capable of fusing different data sources to predict the RUL and the prediction accuracy of RUL can be improved when data are less available.
A model in continuous time and space to study economic migration
Authors: Camacho Carmen , Pérez-Barahona Agustín
Published: April 2019

Population movements modify the environment, land-use, and shape the landscape through urbanization. Furthermore, migration has become one of the most relevant determinants of global human health and social development. The objective of this paper is to provide a framework to understand the economic and natural factors responsible for migration and population agglomerations and their environmental consequences. In this regard, we develop an economic model in continuous time and space adapting Hotelling’s migration law to make individuals react to possible improvements of their welfare. First we show that there is solution to this spatial-dynamic problem. Then, we illustrate the properties of the economy and the associated population dynamics through numerical simulations.
Price of anarchy for Mean Field Games
Authors: Carmona René , Graves Christy V. , Tan Zongjun
Published: April 2019

The price of anarchy, originally introduced to quantify the inefficiency of selfish behavior in routing games, is extended to mean field games. The price of anarchy is defined as the ratio of a worst case social cost computed for a mean field game equilibrium to the optimal social cost as computed by a central planner. We illustrate properties of such a price of anarchy on linear quadratic extended mean field games, for which explicit computations are possible. A sufficient and necessary condition to have no price of anarchy is presented. Various asymptotic behaviors of the price of anarchy are proved for limiting behaviors of the coefficients in the model and numerics are presented.
Une femme de science exceptionnelle : Mildred S. Dresselhaus
Authors: San-Miguel Alfonso , Sauvajol Jean-Louis
Published: April 2019

Première femme à avoir accédé au rang de professeur titulaire au Massachussetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Mildred Spiewak Dresselhaus, ou simplement Millie pour la plupart de ses collègues, est l’exemple d’un engagement passionnel et infatigable pour la science en général, la physique en particulier, et pour la reconnaissance de la place des femmes en science. Sa disparition le 20 février 2017 à l’âge de 86 ans, en pleine activité scientifique, a très profondément marqué les communautés de chercheurs engagés dans les nanosciences. Ses contributions à la compréhension du couplage entre propriétés électroniques, vibrationnelles et structurales, dans les différentes formes de carbone sont au centre du développement des nanomatériaux carbonés et de leurs applications.
Conférence internationale sur les femmes en physique
Authors: Pierron-Bohnes Véronique , Westbrook Nathalie
Published: April 2019

La sixième Conférence internationale sur les femmes en physique (ICWIP 2017) a eu lieu à Birmingham, du 16 au 20 juillet 2017. Cette conférence a réuni 210 personnes de 47 pays et a proposé six conférences plénières représentant des disciplines et des pays variés, deux séances posters (posters nationaux sur les femmes en physique dans les différents pays et posters scientifiques), cinq ateliers ainsi que deux évènements exceptionnels.
Évaluation de deux approches de médecine narrative, le théâtre du vécu et un atelier d’écriture, dans une prise en charge éducative intégrée de patients diabétiques de type 1
Authors: Popelier Marc , Ciangura Cécile , Flahault Cécile , Louot Cécilia , Vanier Antoine , Sachon Claude , Grimaldi André , Malavia Marcos , Hartemann Agnès
Published: April 2019

La détresse émotionnelle liée au diabète impacte la qualité de vie et l’équilibre métabolique ce qui rend indispensable l’exploration du vécu de la maladie. Nous avons comparé 2 approches de médecine narrative, un atelier d’écriture où le patient écrit « une lettre à son diabète » (LAMD) et le « théâtre du vécu » (TDV) où un récit est transformé en une saynète qui est interprétée par des comédiens professionnels, mise en scène par le patient à l’aide du directeur d’acteurs. Deux groupes de patients diabétiques de type 1 hospitalisés dans le cadre d’un séjour d’éducation thérapeutique ont été randomisés dans une session soit avec LAMD (n = 27) soit avec TDV (n = 28). Deux questionnaires portant sur la détresse émotionnelle liée au diabète (PAID) et sur ses représentations du diabète (IPQR) ont été réalisés en début de programme et 3 mois plus tard et les résultats comparés par un test de Wilcoxon apparié. Une analyse qualitative menée par une psychologue a été effectuée chez 11 patients 3 mois après l’intervention. Nous n’avons pas observé de différence significative sur l’évolution du score des questionnaires entre les 2 approches mais l’analyse qualitative suggère un effet positif des 2 processus narratifs, plus marqué pour le TDV.
Tränenwegstenosen durch Verätzungen und Verbrennungen
Authors: Struck Hans-Gert , Heichel Jens
Published: April 2019

Hintergrund Verätzungen und Verbrennungen der Augenoberfläche gehören zu den ophthalmologischen Notfällen mit hohem Gefährdungspotenzial. Eine in der Folge resultierende chronische Epiphora kann zu einem hohen Leidensdruck bei den betroffenen Patienten führen.

Methode Anhand einer Literaturrecherche unter Berücksichtigung aktueller Arbeiten und Darstellung eigener Erkenntnisse, beruhend auf langjährigen Erfahrungen, sollen Handlungsempfehlungen zum Umgang mit sekundär erworbenen Tränenwegstenosen nach Schädigung der okulären Oberfläche durch Verätzungen und Verbrennungen gegeben werden.

Ergebnisse Initial ist eine Einstufung des Schädigungsgrades essenziell. Nach Demarkation der Nekrosen sollte deren Abtragung erfolgen. Hierbei sind die ableitenden Tränenwege (TNW) auf ihre Durchgängigkeit zu prüfen. Liegt primär eine Beteiligung der TNW vor, sind diese zu behandeln. Dabei sind vor allem Stenosen im Bereich der Tränenpünktchen bzw. -röhrchen zu erwarten. Hier kann eine Rekanalisierung mittels konischer Sonden oder Bangerter-Kanülen erfolgen. Die TNW sind nachfolgend durch eine endokanalikuläre Schienung zu sichern. Besteht primär keine Beteiligung der TNW, sollte für eine sekundäre Rekonstruktion bis zum Abschluss der Narbenbildung abgewartet werden.

Schlussfolgerung Nur selten kommt es zu einer behandlungsbedürftigen Epiphora aufgrund einer TNW-Stenose nach Verätzung oder Verbrennung der Augenoberfläche. Eine chirurgische Intervention sollte, wenn möglich, nicht vor 6 Monaten nach Trauma durchgeführt werden.
Antikoagulation bei chronischer koronarer Herzkrankheit
Authors: Zeymer Uwe
Published: April 2019

Die derzeitigen Leitlinien empfehlen bei Patienten mit chronischer koronarer Herzkrankheit (KHK) eine antithrombotische Therapie mit Acetylsalicylsäure (ASS) oder Clopidogrel. Die orale Antikoagulation mit einem Vitamin-K-Antagonisten (VKA) ist wenigstens genauso effektiv, aber mit mehr Blutungskomplikationen assoziiert. Daher wird diese Therapie in der klinischen Praxis bei Patienten ohne Zusatzindikation (Vorhofflimmern, Kunstklappe, venöse Thrombembolie) nicht eingesetzt. Eine Kombinationstherapie von ASS und einem VKA im Vergleich zu ASS reduziert die Rate von Herzinfarkten und Schlaganfällen, ist aber am ehesten wegen der deutlich höheren Blutungsrate, nicht mit einer Reduktion der kardiovaskulären Sterblichkeit verbunden. In der COMPASS-Studie führte die Kombination einer niedrig dosierten Therapie mit dem Faktor-Xa-Hemmer und ASS zu einer Senkung der kardiovaskulären und auch Gesamt-Sterblichkeit bei Patienten mit chronischer KHK. Die Reduktion der Rate ischämischer Ereignisse war in dieser Studie sogar größer als die durch ASS alleine im Vergleich zu Placebo. Damit steht mit der Kombination von ASS und 2x2,5 mg Rivaroxaban eine neue antithrombotische Therapie bei Patienten mit chronischer KHK und erhöhtem Risiko für ischämische Ereignisse zur Verfügung.
Antithrombotische Therapie während und nach Transkatheter-Aortenklappenersatz (TAVI)
Authors: Bocksch Wolfgang , Steeg Martin , Kilias Antonios
Published: April 2019

Der Transkatheter-Aortenklappenersatz (TAVI) ist heute der häufigste Eingriff an der Aortenklappe in Deutschland, Tendenz steigend. Gegenüber der konservativen Therapie der Aortenklappenstenose bei inoperablen Patienten ist die TAVI hochüberlegen, bei operablen Hochrisiko-, Intermediärrisiko- und auch Niedrigrisiko-Patienten ist die TAVI gleichwertig oder sogar dem operativen Aortenklappenersatz überlegen. Die peri- und postinterventionelle antithrombotische Therapie ist in kontrollierten klinischen Studien vergleichsweise schlecht untersucht. Ziel einer effizienten antithrombotischen Therapie ist die Minimierung des Thrombembolierisikos respektive Schlaganfallrisikos nach TAVI sowie die Reduktion passagerer Klappenthrombosen bei vertretbarem Blutungsrisiko. Die Standardbehandlung nach TAVI ist derzeit die duale Plättchenhemmung mit 100 mg ASS und 75 mg Clopidogrel für 3–6 Monate (ESC IIaC), Patienten mit hohem Blutungsrisiko können auch vertretbar mit einer Monotherapie versorgt werden (ESC IIbC). Patienten mit Vorhofflimmern sollten konventionell antikoaguliert werden (Vitamin K-Antagonist mit Ziel-INR 2–3 oder NOAK) kombiniert mit einer antithrombozytären Monotherapie für 3–6 Monate. Im Fall einer diagnostizierten Klappenthrombose ist die orale Antikoagulation mit einem NOAK oder einem Vitamin-K-Antagonisten mit einer Ziel-INR 3–4 bis zur Normalisierung des transstenotischen Gradienten zu verordnen.
Diphenyl Diselenide Catalyzed Oxidative Degradation of Benzoin to Benzoic Acid
Authors: Cao Hongen , Chen Tian , Yang Chenggen , Ye Jianqing , Zhang Xu
Published: April 2019

The diphenyl diselenide catalyzed oxidative degradation of benzoin to benzoic acid is reported. As this reaction can convert the malodorous compound into an odorless and innocuous product under mild conditions, it might be useful for pollutant disposal. The reaction does not require a transition-metal catalyst or a chemical oxidant, so that it can be performed at low cost and without generation of wastes. This is believed to be the first example of the use of organoselenium catalysis technology in pollutant destruction, thereby expanding its range of applications.
Integrated Transcriptomic Analysis of Necrosis-related Gene in Diffuse Gliomas
Authors: Wang Jiajia , Ma Jie
Published: April 2019

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), an aggressive brain tumor, is characterized histologically by the presence of a necrotic center surrounded by so-called pseudopalisading cells. Pseudopalisading necrosis has long been used as a prognostic feature. However, the underlying molecular mechanism regulating the progression of GBMs remains unclear. We hypothesized that the gene expression profiles of individual cancers, specifically necrosis-related genes, would provide objective information that would allow for the creation of a prognostic index. Gene expression profiles of necrotic and nonnecrotic areas were obtained from the Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project (IVY GAP) database to explore the differentially expressed genes.

A robust signature of seven genes was identified as a predictor for glioblastoma and low-grade glioma (GBM/LGG) in patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. This set of genes was able to stratify GBM/LGG and GBM patients into high-risk and low-risk groups in the training set as well as the validation set. The TCGA, Repository for Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data (Rembrandt), and GSE16011 databases were then used to validate the expression level of these seven genes in GBMs and LGGs. Finally, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the high-risk and low-risk groups were subjected to gene ontology enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway, and gene set enrichment analyses, and they revealed that these DEGs were associated with immune and inflammatory responses. In conclusion, our study identified a novel seven-gene signature that may guide the prognostic prediction and development of therapeutic applications.
Cavity-enhanced harmonic generation in silicon rich nitride photonic crystal microresonators
Authors: Clementi Marco , Debnath Kapil , Sotto Moïse , Barone Andrea , Khokhar Ali Z. , Bucio Thalía Domínguez , Saito Shinichi , Gardes Frederic Y. , Bajoni Daniele , Galli Matteo
Published: April 2019

We report second and third harmonic generation in photonic crystal cavities fabricated in a suspended silicon-rich nitride membrane under resonant continuous-wave excitation at telecom wavelength. Two-dimensional photonic crystal cavities with a far-field optimized line-width modulated design were employed. A quality factor at fundamental wavelength as high as Q = 1.3 × 104 and a coupling efficiency ηc ≈ 30% enabled us to exploit the cavity field enhancement to achieve the generation efficiencies ρSH = (4.7 ± 0.2) × 10−7 W−1 and ρTH = (5.9 ± 0.3) × 10−5 W−2. The absence of saturation effects at high power and the transparency of the device at the second harmonic wavelength suggest the absence of two-photon absorption and related detrimental effects.
High-sensitivity photoconductive detectors with wide dipole electrodes for low frequency THz wave detection
Authors: Murakami Hironaru , Mizui Kenta , Tonouchi Masayoshi
Published: April 2019

Photoconductive detectors (PCDs) with wide dipole electrodes were fabricated on low temperature-grown GaAs for observation of low frequency terahertz electromagnetic waves. The screening effect in PCDs caused by the space charge of photoexcited electron-hole pairs brings poor sensitivity in detection. This can be effectively reduced by widening the dipole electrodes in PCDs. The width dependence of terahertz (THz) wave detection properties of PCDs showed that not only the sensitivity but also the signal-to-noise ratio can be fairly improved by increasing the width, especially at frequencies lower than 1.2 THz.
Acceleration of charged particles to extremely large energies by a sub-Dreicer electric field
Authors: Marshall R. S. , Bellan P. M.
Published: April 2019

Acceleration of a fraction of initially low-energy electrons in a cold, collisional plasma to energies orders of magnitude larger than thermal is shown to be possible with a sub-Dreicer electric field. Because such an electric field does not satisfy the runaway condition, any acceleration will be statistical. Random scattering collisions are probabilistic such that there is 63% chance that a particle collides after traveling one mean free path and a 37% chance of not colliding. If one considers only the electrons that do not collide on traversing a mean free path and also considers that the collisional mean free path scales quadratically with particle kinetic energy, one realizes that there will be a small fraction of electrons that never collide and are accelerated to increasingly high energy. Because the mean free path scales quadratically with kinetic energy, after each successfully traveled mean free path, continued acceleration becomes more likely. This model is applied to an MHD-driven plasma jet experiment at Caltech and it is shown that electrons are accelerated by an electric field associated with a fast magnetic reconnection event occurring as the jet breaks apart. This statistical acceleration model indicates that a fraction ∼1.3 × 10−7 of electrons with initial energy distributed according to a Maxwellian with T = 2 eV will be accelerated to 6 keV in the Caltech experiment and then collide to produce the observed X-ray signal. It is shown that the statistical acceleration model provides a credible explanation for the production of solar energetic electrons.
High-refractive index, low-loss oxyfluorosilicate glasses for sub-THz and millimeter wave applications
Authors: Ramachari Doddoji , Yang Chan-Shan , Wada Osamu , Uchino Takashi , Pan Ci-Ling
Published: April 2019

Terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy was used to study the optical properties of two series of oxyfluorosilicate (OFS) glasses. The experimentally measured refractive indices are analyzed by using the Clausius–Mossotti equation to retrieve information about polarizability of the glass. Compared with previously studied oxide-based glasses and chalcogenides, OFS glasses exhibit a balance of relatively low absorption coefficients (6–9 cm−1) and high refractive indices (2.9–3.7) at 0.5 THz. The value of 3.7 is the highest among silicate glasses reported to date and are comparable to those of La3+:chalcogenide glasses. The relatively high values of refractive indices have been attributed to the great increase of the glass polarizability in OFS glasses, which offsets the effect of an increase in molecular volume caused by multicomponent modification of the glass structure. Comparatively low THz absorption of OFS glasses is explained by the structural relaxation effect of fluorine, which effectively suppress the charge fluctuation in the glass structure. The high refractive index and low absorption loss properties of the present OFS glasses should be useful for quasi-optic components such as lens and waveguide devices application in the sub-THz and millimeter wave region.
Identity ordering and metastable clusters in fluids with random interactions
Authors: Azizi Itay , Rabin Yitzhak
Published: April 2019

We use Langevin dynamics simulations to study dense two-dimensional systems of particles where all binary interactions are different in the sense that each interaction parameter is characterized by a randomly chosen number. We compare two systems that differ by the probability distributions from which the interaction parameters are drawn: uniform (U) and exponential (E). Both systems undergo neighborhood identity ordering and form metastable clusters in the fluid phase near the liquid-solid transition, but the effects are much stronger in E than in U systems. Possible implications of our results for the control of the structure of multicomponent alloys are discussed.
Dead layer thickness estimation at the ferroelectric film-metal interface in PZT
Authors: Podgorny Yu. V. , Vorotilov K. A. , Sigov A. S. , Scott J. F.
Published: April 2019

Different models for estimation of the dead layer thickness at the ferroelectric film-metal interface are discussed, including the small-signal capacitance model and two methods based on dielectric hysteresis analysis—one based on slopes of the hysteresis loops at the coercive field and the other method based on comparison of dielectric hysteresis portraits. It is shown that the latter technique yields more reliable data as it excludes the effect of leakage and relaxation loss. Conductivity may have a pronounced effect on the validity of dead-layer thickness data. This work relates peripherally to negative capacitance in ferroelectric films and to lozenge-shaped hysteresis curves.
Analytical prediction of the hydraulic jump detachment length in front of mounted obstacles in supercritical open-channel flows
Authors: Gond Lorris , Perret Gaele , Mignot Emmanuel , Riviere Nicolas
Published: April 2019

Detached hydraulic jumps are major features of supercritical open-channel flows interacting with emerging obstacles. Such a flow pattern exhibits strong similarities with shock waves detached in front of bluff bodies in supersonic aerodynamic flows. This paper aims at evaluating the capacities of an analytical model, adapted from supersonic aerodynamics, to predict the hydraulic jump detachment length. The analytical predictions are compared to the measured hydraulic jumps from two experiments: (i) a uniform supercritical open-channel flow that skirts a mounted and emerging obstacle (with a horseshoe vortex) and (ii) a mounted and emerging obstacle moving at constant velocity in water at rest (without a horseshoe vortex). Moreover, numerical calculations of supercritical flow skirting emerging obstacles are undertaken, with a free-slip condition at the bed to remove the horseshoe vortex, while keeping the detached hydraulic jump. The comparison of the detachment lengths of these experimental, analytical, and computed hydraulic jumps reveals that two types of detachment lengths can be defined. The detachment length visible on experiments corresponds to the toe of the hydraulic jump, while the detachment length predicted by the analytical model rather corresponds to the location of flow regime transition from the supercritical to subcritical regime. The present work thus validates the analytical model for predicting the location of flow regime transition (for configurations without a horseshoe vortex) but not for predicting the toe of the hydraulic jump. We finally confirm the strong connections between two distinct phenomena: a hydraulic jump in water flow and a shock wave in gas flow.
High pressure X-ray nano-tomography and fractal microstructures in the Ce γ-α transition
Authors: Hou Qiyue , He Qiang , Liu Lei , Zhang Yi , Bi Yan , Zhang Kai , Yuan Qingxi
Published: April 2019

Among the reported descriptions of the electronic structure of the γ-α transition, the Mott and the Kondo volume collapse (KVC) models are widely debated. In spite of the existing calculations and experimental efforts probing the 4f electron properties, no consensus was achieved between the two models. Actually, valence bond changes are different in the Mott and in the KVC scenarios, where the transition is driven by the delocalization or the hybridization of 4f electrons, respectively. However, instead of probing 4f electrons directly as done earlier, we propose to discriminate these models by investigating microstructures sensitive to valence bonds. In this contribution, we characterized the isostructural cerium γ-α phase transition by using the high-pressure nanotomography technique. This work monitors the formation of inner microstructures under in situ high pressure, paving the way to investigate similar processes, such as martensitic transformations. Experimental data show that nucleation and growing of the α-phase are indeed analogous to a martensite transition, and the occurrence of microstructures with fractal features is in good agreement with the KVC model.
Hole mobility in the ultra-thin-body junctionless germanium-on-insulator p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors
Authors: Li Yukun , Zhang Rui
Published: April 2019

Junctionless Germanium-on-insulator (GOI) p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) have been realized with an ultra-thin-body (UTB) channel of down to 6 nm. The hole mobility of 166 cm2/V s has been realized at an Ns value of 1013 cm−2 attributable to the reduction of carrier scattering by interface traps under a bulk transport behavior for the devices. The back bias dependence of the hole mobility in junctionless UTB GOI pMOSFETs was examined; it is found that the hole mobility in the devices is dominated by the surface roughness scattering at the MOS interface.
Electrical conductance of two-dimensional composites with embedded rodlike fillers: An analytical consideration and comparison of two computational approaches
Authors: Tarasevich Yuri Yu. , Vodolazskaya Irina V. , Eserkepov Andrei V. , Akhunzhanov Renat K.
Published: April 2019

Using Monte Carlo simulation, we studied the electrical conductance of two-dimensional films. The films consisted of a poorly conductive host matrix and highly conductive rodlike fillers (rods). The rods were of various lengths, obeying a log-normal distribution. They were allowed to be aligned along a given direction. The impacts of the length dispersity and the extent of the rod alignment on the insulator-to-conductor phase transition were studied. Two alternative computational approaches were compared. Within Model I, the films were transformed into resistor networks with regular structures and randomly distributed conductances. Within Model II, the films were transformed into resistor networks with irregular structures but with equal conductivities of the conductors. A comparison of the models evidenced similar behavior in both models when the concentration of fillers exceeded the percolation threshold. However, a fairly fine mesh should be used in Model I to obtain a reasonable estimation of the electrical conductance. The electrical conductance is slightly overestimated in Model I. In anisotropic systems, the length dispersity of fillers has a more pronounced effect on the electrical conductance along the direction of the rod alignment. Some analytical results were obtained: (i) the relationship between the number of fillers per unit area and the transmittance of the films within Model I and (ii) the electrical conductance of the films for dense networks within Model II.