bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complex cytogenetic abnormalities in chronic myeloid leukemia resulting in early progression to blast crisis: a case report
Authors: Malakzai Haider Ali , Rahmani Soma , Haidary Ahmed Maseh , Noor Sarah , Ahmad Maryam , Ibrahimkhil Abdul Sami , Sharif Samuel
Published: November 2020

Introduction

BCR-ABL1, resulting from t(9;22), is the oncogenic driver of chronic myeloid leukemia and the therapeutic target of the disease. Molecular studies have been the gold standard modality for patient assessment since the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. In spite of that, there are cytogenetic abnormalities that can render the disease unresponsive to conventional therapy, thus making cytogenetics an important component of patient management guidelines.

Case presentation

We present a case of a Tajik, Afghan patient with chronic myeloid leukemia with del(6)(q23.3q27), t(9;22)(q34;q11.2), monosomy 11, monosomy 12, and marker chromosome who, despite having typical clinical and hematological disease with initial response to therapy, progressed to blast crisis very early and thus required special interventions.

Conclusion

Cytogenetic monitoring is an important pillar in the management of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia that cannot be ignored. It should therefore be a part of patient management not only during diagnosis but also during management. We present an unusual cytogenetic abnormality in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia that resulted in early disease progression.
Tetraspanin CD82 is necessary for muscle stem cell activation and supports dystrophic muscle function
Authors: Hall Arielle , Fontelonga Tatiana , Wright Alec , Bugda Gwilt Katlynn , Widrick Jeffrey , Pasut Alessandra , Villa Francesco , Miranti Cynthia K. , Gibbs Devin , Jiang Evan , Meng Hui , Lawlor Michael W. , Gussoni Emanuela
Published: November 2020

Background

Tetraspanins are a family of proteins known to assemble protein complexes at the cell membrane. They are thought to play diverse cellular functions in tissues by modifying protein-binding partners, thus bringing complexity and diversity in their regulatory networks. Previously, we identified the tetraspanin KAI/CD82 as a prospective marker for human muscle stem cells. CD82 expression appeared decreased in human Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) muscle, suggesting a functional link to muscular dystrophy, yet whether this decrease is a consequence of dystrophic pathology or a compensatory mechanism in an attempt to rescue muscle from degeneration is currently unknown.

Methods

We studied the consequences of loss of CD82 expression in normal and dystrophic skeletal muscle and examined the dysregulation of downstream functions in mice aged up to 1 year.

Results

Expression of CD82 is important to sustain satellite cell activation, as in its absence there is decreased cell proliferation and less efficient repair of injured muscle. Loss of CD82 in dystrophic muscle leads to a worsened phenotype compared to control dystrophic mice, with decreased pulmonary function, myofiber size, and muscle strength. Mechanistically, decreased myofiber size in CD82−/− dystrophic mice is not due to altered PTEN/AKT signaling, although increased phosphorylation of mTOR at Ser2448 was observed.

Conclusion

Basal CD82 expression is important to dystrophic muscle, as its loss leads to significantly weakened myofibers and impaired muscle function, accompanied by decreased satellite cell activity that is unable to protect and repair myofiber damage.
Anticancer activities of cyclohexenone derivatives
Authors: Shin Soon Young , Park Jihyun , Jung Yearam , Lee Young Han , Koh Dongsoo , Yoon Youngdae , Lim Yoongho
Published: November 2020

We designed 21 ethyl 3,5-diphenyl-2-cyclohexenone-6-carboxylate derivatives to identify compounds exhibiting anticancer activity. To measure the inhibitory effects of the compounds on cancer cell growth, a long-term survival clonogenic assay was performed. Since compounds containing a cyclohexenone moiety inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, an in vitro acetylcholinesterase assay was performed for all 21 cyclohexenone derivatives. To examine the effect of the derivative that exhibited the best cancer cell growth inhibition on the induction of apoptosis by demonstrating the activation of caspases and apoptosis regulatory proteins, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence microscopic analyses were performed. The binding mode between the cyclohexenone derivatives and acetylcholinesterase was elucidated at the molecular level using in silico docking. Druggability was evaluated based on ligand efficiency.
Enset-based land use land cover change detection and its impact on soil erosion in Meki river watershed, Western Lake Ziway Sub-Basin, Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia
Authors: Woldesenbet Alemu Beyene , Wudmatas Sebsebe Demisew , Denboba Mekuria Argaw , Gebremariam Azage Gebreyohannes
Published: November 2020

Background

Water erosion, upland degradation and deforestation are key environmental problems in the Meki river watershed. The study assessed the land use land cover change (LULCC) for 30 years and it examined the contribution of indigenous Enset-based land use system (EBLUS) to reduce soil erosion and prevent water bodies including Lake Ziway from sedimentation which was not considered in the former studies. GPS based data collected and satellite based LULC analysis using ERDAS Imagine 2014 performed to investigate existing farm management practices and land cover respectively. HEC-GEOHMS, Geo-statistical interpolation and RUSLE were applied to model watershed characteristics, spatial climate parameters and soil loss respectively.

Result

Meki river watershed (2110.4 km2 of area) is dominantly covered by cultivated LUS (41.5%), EBLUS (10.65%), Bush and Chat LUS (25.6%), Forest and plantations LUS (14.14%), built-up (7.4%) and water bodies (0.75%). Soil loss is increasing from 1987 to 2017 and a larger part of the watershed suffers a moderately severe to very severe risk (18 t ha−1 year−1 to > 80 t ha−1 year−1) in all sub-watersheds irrespective of the land use systems which shows the watershed is facing sever degradation problem. The mean soil loss of 30.5 t ha−1 year−13 and 31.905 t ha−1 year−1 are verified from Enset growing zones and non-Enset growing zones of the watershed respectively.

Conclusion

EBLUS saves significant amount of soil despite the steepness of the slopes of the Enset growing zones of the watershed. Hence, expansion of EBLUS can contribute in sustaining water bodies, including Lake Ziway by reducing soil loss rate and sedimentation problem for the ecological sustainability of the watershed. Therefore, separate land use policy and awareness creation are mandatory for such EBLUS expansion, sustainable watershed management interventions and conservation of the natural environment in the watershed based on its suitability and severity of erosion risk mapping.
Weak bus-constrained PMU placement for complete observability of a connected power network considering voltage stability indices
Authors: Babu Rohit , Raj Saurav , Bhattacharyya Biplab
Published: November 2020

Phasor measurement units (PMUs) are preferred for installation at weak buses in a power network. Therefore, the weak buses need to be located and the strategic locations of PMUs identified to ensure network observability. Thus, the primary aim of this work is to identify the placements of the maximum number of PMUs installed at the weak buses in the electrical network. The voltage collapse proximity indicator, line stability index, fast voltage stability index, and a new voltage stability indicator utilizing load flow measurement are used to determine the weak buses. A novel deterministic methodology based on a binary-integer linear programming model is then proposed to determine the optimal locations of PMUs. The effect of a single PMU outage considering the weak buses is also demonstrated. The effectiveness of the developed approach is tested and validated on the standard IEEE 14-, 118-, 300-, and New England 39-bus systems. The obtained results are also compared to those using different weak bus methodologies.
Genotype association of IP6K3 gene with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis in Algerian population (Aures region)
Authors: Kherrour Warda , Kalicanin Dean , Brčić Luka , Hambaba Leila , Yahia Mouloud , Benbia Souheyla , Perica Vesna Boraska
Published: November 2020

Background

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland and is also the main cause of hypothyroidism. A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) suggested an association of three novel genetic variants with HT in a population of Caucasian origin (Croatian). A case-control study was performed to investigate the association of these three newly suggested genetic variants with HT in a non-Caucasian ethnic group, an Arab-Berber from Algeria.

Three variants (rs12944194 located 206 kb from SDK2, rs791903 inside IP6K3, and rs75201096 inside GNA14) were genotyped using real-time PCR.

Results

There were no significant differences in allele frequencies of the three genetic variants between HT cases and controls. However, the present study showed nominal significance in the genotype distribution of rs791903 (IP6K3 gene) between HT patients and the control group (P = 0.024); we observed a decrease in the frequency of rs791903 recessive homozygotes (CC) in HT cases versus controls (OR = 0.476, P = 0.025).

Conclusion

This is the first study that showed the genotypic association of IP6K3 intronic variant with decreased risk for HT in non-Caucasian, Algerian, population, whereas we did not confirm the association of SDK2 and GNA14 genetic variants with HT. The IP6K3 gene (inositol hexaphosphate kinase 3), located near major histocompatibility complex (MHC), has previously been associated with other common autoimmune diseases beside HT, such as Graves’s disease and rheumatoid arthritis, which is providing more evidence of a good candidacy for the genetic contribution to the development of HT and autoimmunity.
Chemical constituents, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity of Allium chinense G. Don
Authors: Rhetso Thejanuo , Shubharani R. , Roopa M. S. , Sivaram V.
Published: November 2020

Background

Allium chinense G. Don is a medicinal and aromatic herb belonging to the family Amaryllidaceae, characterized by a high saponin content. The previous report has mostly been focused on the bulb, and there is very limited work on the leaf. The information about biological and chemical constituent of A. chinense leaf is still inadequate in contrast to the investigations reported on the bulb. To the best of our knowledge, there is no report on the hexane extract of both bulb and leaf extract. Therefore, the present investigation was focused on identifying and characterization of the hexane extracts of A. chinense bulb and leaf quantitatively and by using the GC-MS method and to know its scavenging, antibacterial, and antifungal activity.

Results

Twenty-eight bioactive compounds were identified in the bulb and nine in the leaf extract by GC-MS analysis. The versatile compounds present in the bulb are 2-methyloctacosane (21.30%), tetracontane (14.05%), eicosane, 10-methyl (12.06%), heneicosane (8.46%), octadecyl trifluoroacetate (6.48%), and 1-heneicosanol (5.76%), whereas in the leaf, it was phytol (35.76%), tetratetracontane (18.49%), perhydrofarnesyl acetone (14.76%), and heptadecane, 2,6-dimethyl (10.79%). In quantitative estimation, saponins were estimated to have the highest with 375.000 ± 0.577 mg/g in the leaf and 163.750 ± 0.433 mg/g in the bulb. The DPPH antioxidant scavenging activity was found to be minimum in both the bulb (IC50 = 678.347 μg/ml) and leaf (IC50 = 533.337 μg/ml). A. chinense extracts of both leaf and bulb exerted potential antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Leaf extract exhibited greater antifungal activity than the bulb against Aspergillus niger.

Conclusion

From the analysis, the hexane leaf extract exhibited higher antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activity than the bulb. Their superior activity might be due to the higher content of total saponin and terpenes. This result will lead to further in-depth research towards the potential use of this plant; the bio-constituents can be further isolated and used in medical and therapeutic applications.
Trajectories of Body Weight and Fat Mass in Relation to Incident Prediabetes in a Biracial Cohort of Free-Living Adults
Authors: Al Hommos Nisreen Abu , Ebenibo Sotonte , Edeoga Chimaroke , Dagogo-Jack Sam
Published: November 2020

Objectives

Obesity is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), but prospective data relating adiposity measures to incident prediabetes are scant.

Methods

The Pathobiology of Prediabetes in A Biracial Cohort study followed normoglycemic African Americans (AA) and European Americans (EA) with parental history of T2D for the primary outcome of incident prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance) for 5.5 years. Serial assessments included anthropometry and body fat composition. We analyzed weight, body mass index (BMI), waist, total, and abdominal fat mass in relation to incident prediabetes risk.

Results

Of the 376 subjects enrolled (217 AA, 159 EA; mean age 44.2 years, BMI 31.4 kg/m2), 343 (192 AA, 151 EA) had evaluable follow-up data. A total of 101 (52 AA, 49 EA) developed prediabetes during follow-up. Progressors to prediabetes had a mean baseline weight of 90.0 ± 20.4 kg versus 82.9 ± 21.7 kg among nonprogressors (P = 0.0036). During 5.5 (mean 2.62) years of follow-up, the weight change among nonprogressors was 0.63 ± 6.11 kg compared with 2.54 ± 6.91 kg among progressors (ANOVA P = 0.0072). Progressors also showed greater increases in total fat (P = 0.0015) and trunk fat (P = 0.0005) mass than nonprogressors. Adjusted for age and sex, the significant predictors of incident prediabetes were BMI (P = 0.0013), waist (P < 0.0001), total fat (P = 0.0025), and trunk fat (P < 0.0001) mass.

Conclusions

Among obese free-living offspring of parents with T2D, long-term normoglycemic status was associated with a weight gain of ~0.2 kg/y, whereas progression to prediabetes was associated with a weight gain of ~1 kg/y.
EDUCAÇÃO INCLUSIVA PARA PESSOAS COM DEFICIÊNCIA: PROTAGONISMO DOCENTE E COMBATE AO PRECONCEITO
Authors: Bechara Gabriela Natacha , Rodrigues Horácio Wanderlei , Rizzo Marcelo Vitor Silva
Published: November 2020

Objetivos: O presente trabalho tem por objetivos demonstrar que a educação inclusiva é um instrumento de combate ao preconceito, bem como observar o papel central exercido pelo professor nesse processo. A pesquisa buscou compreender o que é educação inclusiva, como nela está inserida a educação das pessoas com deficiência e a legislação vigente. Este estudo ficou restrito à educação inclusiva das pessoas com deficiência – a inclusão, em sentido amplo, seria de qualquer minoria que é excluída ou segregada e exigiria um trabalho de mais fôlego.Metodologia: A pesquisa foi documental e bibliográfica, de caráter qualitativo, com natureza exploratória, e trabalhou com raciocínio dedutivo. A questão que buscou ser respondida é se a educação inclusiva das pessoas com deficiência é uma forma de combate ao preconceito na sociedade e qual seria o papel do professor nesse processo.Resultado: Conclui-se que a educação inclusiva das pessoas com deficiência é uma forma de combate ao preconceito no Brasil, pois torna cotidiana a convivência entre os alunos, com ou sem deficiência, estreitando laços e relações, e que o professor é o principal, mas não o único ator e fator de aplicação da educação inclusiva.Contribuições: A pesquisa demonstrou que o tema explorado é de grande relevância social e acadêmica – delicado e alvo de muita discussão na sociedade. Com relação ao papel do professor, a pesquisa destaca que seu papel é determinante no sucesso da educação inclusiva, sendo necessário, entretanto, que possua adequada formação pedagógica.
EM BUSCA DA IDENTIDADE EUROPEIA PERDIDA
Authors: Caetano João Carlos Relvão
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: O presente ensaio tem como propósito verificar se existe ou não uma identidade europeia e quais são os seus elementos caracterizadores, procurando ainda perceber as consequências de tal facto para a Europa – de um modo particular para a União Europeia – e para o mundo.Metodologia: Trata-se de uma investigação interdisciplinar de natureza histórica, filosófica, política, cultural e jurídica que se socorre de uma metodologia dedutiva de análise documental visando à articulação de conhecimentos diversos. A articulação é possível pela definição de uma matriz de conhecimentos segundo uma perspetiva holística.Resultados: Comprova-se a existência de diferentes perspetivas sobre a identidade europeia, a qual se mostra essencial para a compreensão dos processos políticos e sociais na Europa. Evidencia-se ainda a necessidade de existir um entendimento mínimo entre os agentes políticos e os cidadãos sobre o que é a identidade europeia, a fim de que o projeto de construção europeia possa subsistir.Contribuições: A principal contribuição desta investigação consiste em mostrar que o processo de integração europeia não é simplesmente técnico, mas político. Sendo político, exige que se repense o processo de exercício do poder, tanto na União Europeia como nos Estados, substituindo a lógica clássica do poder pelo poder por uma lógica próxima dos cidadãos.
The relative incidence of COVID-19 in healthcare workers versus non-healthcare workers: evidence from a web-based survey of Facebook users in the United States
Authors: Flaxman Abraham D. , Henning Daniel J. , Duber Herbert C.
Published: November 2020

Background: Healthcare workers are at the forefront of the COVID-19 pandemic and it is essential to monitor the relative infection rate of this group, as compared to workers in other occupations. This study aimed to produce estimates of the relative incidence ratio between healthcare workers and workers in non-healthcare occupations.

Methods: Analysis of cross-sectional data from a daily, web-based survey of 1,788,795 Facebook users from September 6, 2020 to October 18, 2020. Participants were Facebook users in the United States aged 18 and above who were tested for COVID-19 because of an employer or school requirement in the past 14 days. The exposure variable was a self-reported history of working in healthcare in the past four weeks and the main outcome was a self-reported positive test for COVID-19.

Results: On October 18, 2020, in the United States, there was a relative COVID-19 incidence ratio of 0.7 (95% UI 0.6 to 0.8) between healthcare workers and workers in non-healthcare occupations.

Conclusions: Currently in the United States, healthcare workers have a substantially and significantly lower COVID-19 incidence rate than workers in non-healthcare occupations.
Cancer, COVID-19, and the need for critique
Authors: Greco Cinzia , Arteaga Ignacia , Fabian-Therond Clara , Llewellyn Henry , Swallow Julia , Viney William
Published: November 2020

In this open letter we examine the implications of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic for cancer research and care from the point of view of the social studies of science, technology, and medicine. We discuss how the pandemic has disrupted several aspects of cancer care, underscoring the fragmentation of institutional arrangements, the malleable priorities in cancer research, and the changing promises of therapeutic innovation. We argue for the critical relevance of qualitative social sciences in cancer research during the pandemic despite the difficulties of immersive kinds of fieldwork. Social science research can help understand the ongoing, situated and lived impact of the pandemic, as well as fully underline its socially stratified consequences. We outline the risk that limiting and prioritising research activities according to their immediate clinical outcomes might have in the relational and longitudinal understanding of cancer practices in the UK. Finally, we alert against potential distortions that a “covidization” of cancer research might entail, arguing for the need to maintain a critical point of view on the pandemic.
Recent advances in understanding osteosarcoma and emerging therapies
Authors: Gaspar Nathalie , Marques da Costa Maria Eugenia , Fromigue Olivia , Droit Robin , Berlanga Pablo , Marchais Antonin
Published: November 2020

Osteosarcoma is the most common bone cancer in adolescents and young adults, but it is a rare cancer with no improvement in patient survival in the last four decades. The main problem of this bone tumor is its evolution toward lung metastatic disease, despite the current treatment strategy (chemotherapy and surgery). To further improve survival, there is a strong need for new therapies that control osteosarcoma cells with metastatic potential and their favoring tumor microenvironment (ME) from the diagnosis. However, the complexity and heterogeneity of those tumor cell genomic/epigenetic and biology, the diversity of tumor ME where it develops, the sparsity of appropriate preclinical models, and the heterogeneity of therapeutic trials have rendered the task difficult. No tumor- or ME-targeted drugs are routinely available in front-line treatment. This article presents up-to-date information from preclinical and clinical studies that were recently published or presented in recent meetings which we hope might help change the osteosarcoma treatment landscape and patient survival in the near future.
МЕТОД ЗАЩИТЫ ВОЗДУШНОГО КОРИДОРА ВЫДЕЛЕННОГО ДЛЯ ДВИЖЕНИЯ БЕСПИЛОТНЫХ ЛЕТАТЕЛЬНЫХ АППАРАТОВ
Authors: Shvetsov Alexey Vladislavovich
Published: November 2020

Беспилотные летательные аппараты, получают все большее практическое применение в современном обществе, в различных приложениях. При этом распространение возможностей предоставляемых технологиями и методами, связанными с беспилотными летательными аппаратами, сдерживается из-за нерешенной проблемы обеспечения безопасности их движения, ограничивающей область их применения.Цель: разработать метод защиты выделенного воздушного коридора и реализующее его техническое решение, совместно позволяющих повысить безопасность движения беспилотных летательных аппаратов.Методы: используются системный анализ, синтез, индукция и дедукция, сравнение, обобщение и другие научные методы исследования.Результаты: разработан воздушный тоннель, позволяющий беспилотным летательным аппаратам, защищено передвигаться на опасных участках выделенного воздушного коридора. Воздушный тоннель является техническим решением, реализующим на практике предложенный в работе метод защиты выделенного воздушного коридора.Область применения результатов: разработанный метод и реализующее его техническое решение совместно позволяют повысить безопасность движения гражданских беспилотных летательных аппаратов вертикального взлета и посадки, и применимы для обеспечения безопасности полетов БПЛА на наземных объектах, например, таких как промышленные объекты и крупные складские комплексы, он также может быть применен при проектировании систем движения беспилотных летательных аппаратов в городах.
TRENDS IN URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORT
Authors: Rakhmatullina Albina Rustamovna , Korobeynikova Elena Vladimirovna
Published: November 2020

Развитие системы городского общественного транспорта в мире осуществляется по таким направлениям, как стратегическое и оперативное управление, управление посадкой и высадкой пассажиров, планирование и проектирование остановочных пунктов маршрута общественного транспорта, организация и планирование движения общественного транспорта на маршруте, оперативное регулирование движения общественного транспорта на основе сигналов светофоров, организация косвенных мероприятий по поддержке общественного транспорта.Многие муниципалитеты проводят исследования, направленные на выявление резервов улучшений систем общественного транспорта и разработку мероприятий по повышению скорости обслуживания на маршрутах и эффективности. Проанализировав опыт развитых стран, можно говорить об уровнях программ развития, общих проблемах и тенденциях.Цель – определение тенденций развития системы городского общественного транспорта, направления развития.Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье использовались статистические методы анализа.Результаты: рассмотрены функции управления городским общественным транспортом. Проведена систематизация уровней реализации программ развития системы городского транспорта.Область применения результатов: полученные результаты целесообразно применять экономическими субъектами, осуществляющими перевозку пассажиров, непосредственное управление городскими транспортными системами, а так же муниципальному управлению.
АЛГОРИТМИЗАЦИЯ РАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ РЕСУРСОВ В СИСТЕМЕ ПЕРЕВОЗОК
Authors: Lvovich Yakov Yevseevich , Preobrazhenskiy Andrey Petrovich , Choporov Oleg Nikolaevich
Published: November 2020

В статье рассматривается задача, связанная с созданием алгоритма для рационального использования ресурсов в системе перевозок. Приведена математическая модель многошагового процесса принятия решения по планированию перевозок. Дан частный случай алгоритма.
Álvaro Cabezas García Álvaro Recio Mir La colección de Niños Jesús del escultor Cristóbal Ramos del monasterio de San Leandro de Sevilla
Authors: Guijo Pérez Salvador
Published: November 2020

Se presentan siete piezas inéditas del escultor sevillano Cristóbal Ramos (1725-1799) conservadas en el monasterio de San Leandro de Sevilla. Destacan las iconografías del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Niño y el Divino Pastor. El análisis del medio que rodea a estas imágenes revelan los rasgos que remiten claramente a sintagmas tradicionales barrocos, así como a la producción del artista propuesto.
Absolute quantification of cerebral tissue oxygen saturation with multidistance broadband NIRS in newborn brain
Authors: Kovacsova Zuzana , Bale Gemma , Mitra Subhabrata , Lange Frédéric , Tachtsidis Ilias
Published: November 2020

Tissue oximetry with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a technique for the measurement of absolute tissue oxygen saturation (StO2). Offering a real-time and non-invasive assessment of brain oxygenation and haemodynamics, StO2 has potential to be used for the assessment of newborn brain injury. Multiple algorithms have been developed to measure StO2, however, issues with low measurement accuracy or extracranial tissue signal contamination remain. In this work, we present a novel algorithm to recover StO2 in the neonate, broadband multidistance oximetry (BRUNO), based on a measurement of the gradient of attenuation against distance measured with broadband NIRS. The performance of the algorithm was compared to two other published algorithms, broadband fitting (BF) and spatially resolved spectroscopy (SRS). The median error when recovering StO2 in light transport simulations on a neonatal head mesh was 0.4% with BRUNO, 4.2% with BF and 9.5% with SRS. BRUNO was more sensitive to brain tissue oxygenation changes, shown in layered head model simulations. Comparison of algorithm performance during full oxygenation-deoxygenation cycles in a homogeneous dynamic blood phantom showed significant differences in the dynamic range of the algorithms; BRUNO recovered StO2 over 0–100%, BF over 0–90% and SRS over 39–80%. Recovering StO2 from data collected in a neonate treated at the neonatal intensive care showed different baseline values; mean StO2 was 64.9% with BRUNO, 67.2% with BF and 73.2% with SRS. These findings highlight the effect of StO2 algorithm selection on oxygenation recovery; applying BRUNO in the clinical care setting could reveal further insight into complex haemodynamic processes occurring during neonatal brain injury.
Enhancing the dynamic range of deformable mirrors with compression bias
Authors: Cao Huy Tuong , Ng Sebastian W. S. , Noh Minkyun , Brooks Aidan , Matichard Fabrice , Veitch Peter J.
Published: November 2020

We report the design and testing of a compression-biased thermally-actuated deformable mirror that has a dynamic range larger than the limit imposed by pure-bending stress, negligible higher-order-mode scattering, and a linear defocus response and that is vacuum compatible. The optimum design principles for this class of actuator are described and a mirror with 370 mD dynamic range is demonstrated.
Switchable and tunable terahertz metamaterial absorber with broadband and multi-band absorption
Authors: Zhu Huali , Zhang Yong , Ye Longfang , Li Yukun , Xu Yuehang , Xu Ruimin
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a switchable terahertz metamaterial absorber with broadband and multi-band absorption based on a simple configuration of graphene and vanadium dioxide (VO2). The switchable functional characteristics of the absorber can be achieved by changing the phase transition property of VO2. When VO2 is insulating, the device acts as a broadband absorber with absorbance greater than 90% under normal incidence from 1.06 THz to 2.58 THz. The broadband absorber exhibits excellent absorption performance under a wide range of incident and polarization angles for TE and TM polarizations. Moreover, the absorption bandwidth and intensity of the absorber can be dynamically adjusted by changing the Fermi energy level of graphene. When VO2 is in the conducting state, the designed metamaterial device acts as a multi-band absorber with absorption frequencies at 1 THz, 2.45 THz, and 2.82 THz. The multi-band absorption is achieved owing to the fundamental resonant modes of the graphene ring sheet, VO2 hollow ring patch, and coupling interaction between them. Moreover, the multi-band absorber is insensitive to polarization and incident angles for TE and TM polarizations, and the three resonance frequencies can be reconfigured by changing the Fermi energy level of graphene. Our designed device exhibits the merits of bi-functionality and a simple configuration, which is very attractive for potential terahertz applications such as intelligent attenuators, reflectors, and spatial modulators.
Az egyetemi vállalkozói ökoszisztémába ágyazott közösségi finanszírozás
Authors: Kuti Mónika , Bedő Zsolt
Published: November 2020

A közösségi finanszírozás a pénzügy, a technológia és a vállalkozás nexusába ágyazva katalizálhatja a – regionális és egyetemen belüli – helyi vállalkozói ökoszisztémát, hozzájárulhat a gazdasági növekedéshez, innovációhoz és munkahely-teremtéshez. Az egyetemeken keletkező vállalkozói és innovációs potenciál szempontjából a hallgatói, oktatói és alumni startup-ok, valamint a K+F kapacitás számára nyújthat alternatív finanszírozási módot az ún. crowdfunding. A szerzők célja, hogy a vállalkozói ökoszisztémák és a közösségi finanszírozás fontosabb vonásait bemutatva feltárják a közös keresztmetszeteket, interakciókat, továbbá átgondolják egy ilyen platform implementációs lehetőségeit a Pécsi Tudományegyetemen.
Emóció – Ráció: Tervezés – Vezetés: Designkommunikáció
Authors: Cosovan Attila , Horváth Dóra
Published: November 2020

Legyen az mérnöki tervezői folyamat, orvostudomány, üzlet, építészet vagy festészet nem azzal foglalkozik, hogy mi szükséges, hanem hogy mi lehetséges: röviden designnal (Simon, 1996). A design tehát alkotói magatartás, kreatív tervezés, tervezőművészet. Ehhez társul a kommunikáció, a tervezői, alkotói, kreatív kapcsolatteremtés, úgy az önreflexió, mint az interhumánus fenomén szintjén. Így hát a designkommunikáció egy olyan kapcsolatteremtési szemléletet képvisel, amely HÍD-ként jelenik meg a különböző diszciplínák, a társadalom és a gazdaság jelenségei között. Módszerével valósidejű kapcsolatot lehet teremteni oktatás, kutatás és vállalkozás között. Az élethosszig tartó tanulás a ma vezetője és tervezője számára egyaránt evidencia. A tanulás lehetőségét a saját területről, diszciplínából, komfort zónából való kilépés teremtheti meg: olyan helyzetekből, ahol a tervező tanul a menedzsertől, a vezető a művésztől, a közgazdász a mérnöktől és mindezt úgy, hogy az egyetemi évek a valódi karrier (identitás, inkubáció, akceleráció, start-up, vállalkozás, önálló vezérfonal stb.), azaz az életpálya-építés integráns részévé válnak. A szerzők interdiszciplináris megközelítésű cikkükben bemutatják, hogy a ma vállalatvezetője hogyan működhet designerként. Tanulmányuk szemlélete kettős: a tervezőművész és a közgazdász diaglógusa: ötvözi a rigorózus tudományos irodalomfeldolgozás retorikáját és a gyakorlati tervezői és vezetői párbeszéd érveléstechnikáját. A közvetlenül adaptálható elméleti keretek bemutatása mellett, felvázolják egy olyan képzési program koncepcióját, melynek célja vezető-tervezői/tervező-vezetői kompetenciák átadása.
TREATMENT OF AMERICAN TEGUMENTARY LEISHMANIOSIS WITH FLUCONAZOLE: CASE REPORT
Authors: Xavier Kauane Mayra de Oliveira , Puster Rainardo Antônio , Batista Hermes Melo Teixeira , Rodrigues Jorge Luiz Nobre
Published: November 2020

Abstract: Leishmaniasis are diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the Leishmania genus, seen as a major public and social health problem, they represent a complex of diseases with different clinical presentations. Pentavalent antimonial drugs are the first choice in their treatment, however, this medications have disadvantages, such as the application and risks attributed to the toxicity. In this context, therapeutic options that present a suitable intake and satisfactory results are studied. The authors present a clinical case of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in a male patient, 89 years old, with cutaneous lesions on the nasal dorsum and on the left infraorbital margin, after the diagnosis, therapy with oral fluconazole was started, thus improving the disease. Oral triazole antifungals are a controversial topic in cutaneous leishmaniasis, even so, the use of oral fluconazole can be considered in patients with skin lesions, especially in patients susceptible to the greater possibility of complications due to side effects of pentavalent antimonial drugs.                    Keywords: American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Fluconazole. Public health.
Variación espacio-temporal de la estructura ecológica de la comunidad de peces en la Laguna del Ostión, Veracruz, México
Authors: Aguirre-León Arturo , Díaz-Ruiz Silvia , Gazca-Castro Mariela
Published: November 2020

La comunidad de peces en la Laguna del Ostión es objeto de pesca, sin embargo, los estudios ecológicos sobre esta son escasos. Se analizó la variación espacial y temporal de su estructura comunitaria, así como de los parámetros fisicoquímicos de salinidad, temperatura, oxígeno disuelto, profundidad y transparencia de la laguna. Los peces fueron recolectados bimensualmente de marzo de 2007 a enero de 2008, en ocho estaciones de muestreo con una red de arrastre camaronera. Se evaluaron diferencias significativas espacio-temporales de diversidad, riqueza, equitatividad, densidad, biomasa y peso promedio, mediante análisis de varianza. Se realizó análisis de correspondencias canónicas (ACC) para determinar las asociaciones de peces y su correlación con los factores ambientales del sistema. Se recolectaron 737 individuos con peso total de 19 081.90 g. Se identificaron 19 familias, 23 géneros y 34 especies, 12 de las cuales fueron nuevos registros para la laguna. Cuatro especies fueron dominantes en el sistema. Los parámetros comunitarios mostraron relación con los gradientes ambientales y las temporadas climáticas. La diversidad fue más alta en mayo (H´ = 2.36) y enero (H´ = 2.48) y la densidad en julio (0.018 ind./m2). El ACC mostró que la composición y distribución espacio-temporal de la comunidad de peces estuvo condicionada por la salinidad, la temperatura, el oxígeno disuelto y la profundidad. El conocimiento de la estructura comunitaria, las funciones biológicas de los peces y su interacción con los factores ambientales de esta laguna es relevante, ya que no se han desarrollado estudios continuos en este sistema.
Patent Foramen Ovale Closure: State of the Art
Authors: Giblett Joel P , Williams Lynne K , Kyranis Stephen , Shapiro Leonard M , Calvert Patrick A
Published: November 2020

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a common abnormality affecting between 20% and 34% of the adult population. For most people, it is a benign finding; however, in some people, the PFO can open widely to enable paradoxical embolus to transit from the venous to arterial circulation, which is associated with stroke and systemic embolisation. Percutaneous closure of the PFO in patients with cryptogenic stroke has been undertaken for a number of years, and a number of purpose-specific septal occluders have been marketed. Recent randomised control trials have demonstrated that closure of PFO in patients with cryptogenic stroke is associated with reduced rates of recurrent stroke. After a brief overview of the anatomy of a PFO, this article considers the evidence for PFO closure in cryptogenic stroke. The article also addresses other potential indications for closure, including systemic arterial embolisation, decompression sickness, platypnoea–orthodeoxia syndrome and migraine with aura. The article lays out the pre-procedural investigations and preparation for the procedure. Finally, the article gives an overview of the procedure itself, including discussion of closure devices.
Behaviors, attitudes and opinions of medical students in the field of smoking and anti-smoking counseling in two countries of Central and Eastern Europe
Authors:   Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Rzeszow, Poland, Hejda Paulina , Hubert-Lutecka Agnieszka ,   Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Rzeszow, Poland, Chmiel Zdzisława ,   Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Rzeszow, Poland, Sidor Adam ,   Voivodship Sanitary and Epidemiological Station in Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland, Iwanowicz-Palus Grażyna ,   Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland, Żal Marcin ,   Provincial Military Staff in Krakow, Krakow, Poland, Koryl Agnieszka ,   Faculty of Sociology and History, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland, Binkowska-Bury Monika ,   Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Rzeszow, Poland
Published: November 2020

Introduction. Europe is the region with the greatest proportion of deaths (16%) attributable to tobacco smoking worldwide. Medical students and physicians should set an example of tobacco-smoking abstinence for their patients. Aim. The aim of the study was to compare opinions on behaviors and attitudes of Czech and Polish medical students about tobacco smoking and the position of a physician in anti-smoking counseling. Material and methods. The Global Health Professions Student Survey (GHPSS) was conducted among 707 medical students in Czech Republic in 2011 and among 1164 medical students in Poland. Results. Twety percent of polish and 25,7% of Czech medical students declared current tobacco smoking. Eighty-one percent in Poland and 60% in Czech Republic felt that physicians should be trained in smoking cessation techniques but only 27% of the medical students in Poland and 2,8% in Czech Republic , declared that such a course had been realized during the course of their education. Conclusion. Over a fifth of Polish students and a quarter of Czech students declared themselves as active smokers. It is worrying that about half of Polish students were exposed to environmental tobacco smoke, while only one-fifth of Czech students declared such exposure. Polish and Czech students agreed that the doctor will play an important role in the patient’s smoking cessation process and that physicians should give advice on quitting smoking.
Contradictions in Anthroponyms in Russian Homiletics of the Transition Period
Authors: Sharov Konstantin
Published: November 2020

This article examines the place and role of anthroponyms in Russian spiritual literature between the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The author studies anthroponymicons from different authors, providing classifications of anthroponyms and the number and character of anthroponyms in their works. The formation and peculiarities of the use of anthroponymic proper names in Russian spiritual literature reveals two main tendencies. The first (southwestern) is connected with writers whose works are close to those of Stefan Yavorsky and Dimitry of Rostov. The other (northern) is reflected in works by Feofan Prokopovich, Platon Levshin, and their followers. According to the author, the first tradition is characterised by the extensive use of anthroponyms in texts, a hidden meaning of anthroponyms, the scarce use of simple naming, the absence of charactonyms, and an extensive use of antonomasia and symbolism. It is also characterised by an extensive use of detached anthroponyms to express the authors’ attitude to people, events, and objects. The other tradition is characterised by a considerably smaller number of anthroponyms (from 7 instances in Feofan’s works to 21 in those by Platon). Additionally, the authors do not use the implied meaning of anthroponyms in their texts; their texts contain charactonyms and rarely use antonomasia and symbolism. They mostly use anthroponyms as markers of quality and as parts of idioms. The southwestern tradition is connected with a sacral and mystical understanding of human names originating from the Catholic Hermetic literature of the Renaissance. The northern tradition, on the contrary, is closely connected with Lutheranism, where a human name is treated as purely rational. Therefore, this approach does not imply any mystery when interpreting anthroponyms and or suggest piety when anthroponyms are used to name people, objects, and processes.
The Establishment and Activities of a Banking Syndicate: The “Red Cross” Stock Exchange
Authors: Lizunov Pavel , Morozan Vladimir
Published: November 2020

This article considers the activity of the syndicate also known as the “Red Cross” stock exchange. The authors study a unique case in Russia’s economic life where the State Bank established a syndicate based on the leading credit facilities of the empire in order to regulate the stock market. The study refers to archival materials form the Russian State Historical Archive, more particularly, business documents of the central office of the State Bank, the St Petersburg branch of the Bank, and the special Credit Chancellery. The authors employ traditional research methods, providing an objective systematic analysis of certain historical processes in the Russian economy and society. According to the government and St Petersburg bankers, the syndicate that appeared at the very start of the economic crisis of 1890 and 1903 was supposed to mitigate the negative consequences of the crisis for certain industrial enterprises and banks. The paper considers the first period of its existence from 1899 to 1911. Established at the initiative of Minister of Finance S. Yu. Witte and made up of the largest banks and banking houses, the syndicate was directly controlled by the State Bank, which provided it with resources for operations on the capital stock exchange. Operated by the country’s main bank, the syndicate enjoyed a certain amount of freedom, which allowed it buy dividend bonds. It is noteworthy that allocating the necessary funds for these exchange operations, the State Bank secured itself against potential losses, as all potential risks were to be managed by the banking union. Obviously, it was these conditions between the State Bank and the syndicate that enabled the latter to operate with some independence, pursuing its own commercial interests. The authors conclude that its operations at the exchange were conditioned by its own idea of the importance of certain dividend bonds for the stock exchange, which was reflected in the securities it bought. The syndicate’s operations on the St Petersburg Stock Exchange were contradictory, as its decisions were not always successful. However, it managed to avoid considerable losses and finished its operations with a profit in 1911.
Skranken i UH-bibliotek
Authors: Kilvik Astrid , Lamøy Liv Inger
Published: November 2020

NTNU Universitetsbiblioteket har fått midler fra Nasjonalbiblioteket til et ettårig prosjekt med tittel: TREFF – mot en ny plattform for universitetsbibliotekets skranketjeneste. Prosjektet undersøker skranketjenesten ved NTNU UB og identifiserer, igangsetter og evaluerer tiltak for videreutvikling. Prosjektet omhandler det fysiske møtet med studenten i skranken og varer til juni 2019.

For å utforske skranketjenesten fra både ansatt- og brukerperspektiv, har vi benyttet ulike metoder. Vi har gjort en kartlegging av hvilke spørsmål studentene stiller samt intervjuet studenter om deres opplevelse av møtet i skranken. Resultatene viser at mange av informantene ikke har tilstrekkelig kunnskap om bibliotekarenes kompetanse og hva slags hjelp de kan få. Flere gir uttrykk for at de liker å være selvhjulpne, men at de kunne spart tid ved å spørre om hjelp i bibliotekskranken. Mange forbinder biblioteket med det fysiske, det vil si trykt materiale og det som er i lokalene. Dette samsvarer med resultatene fra registreringen av hvilke typer spørsmål som stilles i skranken, der hovedmengden handler om samlinger og lån.

I tillegg har vi gjennomført en spørreundersøkelse blant alle bibliotekansatte, der vi har spurt om møtet med studentene i skranken og opplevelsen av skranketjenesten generelt. Et svært høyt antall respondenter mener at skranken er en viktig møteplass mellom bibliotek og student. Samtidig observerer de at studenter av og til ikke henvender seg til skranken selv om de sannsynligvis har behov for hjelp. Ansatte har samme oppfatninger av årsakene til at studentene ikke tar kontakt som studentene selv: de er blant annet redd for å forstyrre og usikre på hva de kan spørre om.

Ut fra funn i undersøkelsene, komplettert med UX-metodikk og litteraturstudier, har vi identifisert og satt i gang flere tiltak for videreutvikling av skranketjenesten. Noen av tiltakene er praktiske og konkrete og dreier seg for eksempel om ominnredning av skrankeområder og ambulerende bibliotekskranker. Andre tiltak har mer karakter av strategiske utviklingsprosesser, satt i gang for å skape endring i et lengre perspektiv.

Følgende problemstillinger kan egne seg til videre diskusjon: Hva ønsker vi at skranketjenesten i UH-bibliotek skal være - resepsjon eller pedagogisk verktøy eller? Hvilken plass skal skranketjenesten ha blant andre tjenesteområder i biblioteket? Hvordan kan skrankefunksjonen bidra til at bibliotekets tilbud oppleves som helhetlig og relevant? Overordnet mål for UH-bibliotek er å støtte lærings- og forskningskvalitet i institusjonene, hvordan kan skranketjenesten spesielt bidra til dette? For å oppnå mål som er satt for skranketjenesten – hvordan vil det være hensiktsmessig å organisere skrankearbeidet?
Systematic searches
Authors: Jensen Magnus Rom , Solhaug Solvor
Published: November 2020

Recent years have seen increasing opportunities for libraries to participate in the research process of our patrons. Our skills in conducting thorough searches and documenting the search process in a transparent way, are highly sought after among researchers looking to write a systematic review article.
We give an overview of how this service can be provided in an academic library setting, emphasizing the need for close collaboration between library staff and researchers. We discuss the advantages and limitations of the tools we use, with the aim that others interested in systematic searches can get workable advice. With the increase in information available, researchers need help finding, sorting, screening and documenting the systematic search process. As research librarians we are uniquely positioned to participate in this process. Libraries looking to start offering this service needs to invest in their staff, affording them time to acquire the skill set as well as the time needed for the work involved in the systematic search projects.