bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Un proceso de regionalización precoz en el Virreinato del Perú. El caso de Loja: siglos XVI-XIX
Authors: Bravo Guerreira M.ª Concepción
Published: May 2022

A la luz de las crónicas y de la documentación emitida por la administración colonial, este artículo pretende recoger, en apretada síntesis, la trayectoria histórica de una región fronteriza del virreinato peruano para aproximarse, desde una perspectiva pluridimensional, a aquellos aspectos que han contribuido de una manera más significativa a su configuración regional. La utilización combinada de instrumentos historiográficos y etnohistóricos permiten articular una visión globalizadora de los componentes étnicos y socioeconómicos que son analizados per se, y como engranajes de todo un proceso que se interrelaciona.
La división gubernativa, hacendística y judicial en el Virreinato del Perú ( Siglos XVI-XVII)
Authors: Hampe Martínez Teodoro
Published: May 2022

Tras abordar brevemente la delimitación territorial y problemas que generó en época de la Conquista, se entra de lleno en el análisis de las instituciones de gobierno, hacienda y justicia y de las funciones de sus empleados durante la época virreinal. En esta panorámica, la Audiencia se destaca como entidad de primer orden, no siéndolo menos, en un nivel inferior, los Corregimientos, instituciones a las que se presta especial atención.
Fuentes documentales de América en España en los últimos 50 años
Authors: Cortés Alonso Vicenta
Published: May 2022

No disponible.
Las Californias en la historiografía española (1940-1989)
Authors: Bernabeu Albert Salvador
Published: May 2022

No disponible.
Una visión historiográfica de las coordenadas internacionales del Pacífico español, 1875-1899
Authors: Elizalde Pérez-Grueso M.ª Dolores
Published: May 2022

No disponible.
Los estudios en España sobre la historia de la Arquitectura militar y las fortificaciones americanas ( 1939- 1989)
Authors: Calderón Quijano José Antonio
Published: May 2022

No disponible.
Estado de la cuestión sobre comercio castellano-americano por Santander 1765-1778
Authors: Varela Marcos Jesús
Published: May 2022

No disponible.
La imagen de la reforma agraria mexicana en la España de la crisis de la Restauración: Entre la revolución libertaria y el reformismo (1910-1931)
Authors: Delgado Larios Almudena
Published: May 2022

No disponible.
Montaigne y Pedro Martir: las raices del buen salvaje
Authors: Cro Stelio
Published: May 2022

No disponible
Un scientifique peut-il être croyant ? Enquête exploratoire auprès d’étudiants entrant en première année d’étude universitaire en sciences
Authors: Maurines Laurence , Fuchs-Gallezot Magali
Published: May 2022

Dans une perspective d’acculturation scientifique, il est attendu des élèves l’acquisition de connaissances sur les caractéristiques et spécificités des sciences (NoS). Nous présentons l’approche théorique adoptée pour nos recherches sur la NoS consistant à caractériser les sciences en articulant pratiques sociales, psychologie et anthropologie. Nous poursuivons par la méthodologie utilisée pour explorer les rapports sciences-croyances en prenant comme entrée le sujet, le scientifique en tant que personne. Nous donnons les résultats obtenus à une question demandant de se positionner sur une échelle de Lickert à 4 modalités de réponse sur l’affirmation « on peut être scientifique et croyant » et de justifier son positionnement. Nous analysons les verbatim fournis par 320 étudiants entrant en première année d’études scientifiques et examinons l’impact du positionnement, du genre et de la filière universitaire. Nous discutons les implications pour la recherche et l’enseignement.
Travaux pratiques de chimie en première année d’université : tâches étudiantes et pratiques enseignantes dans trois universités
Authors: Canac Sophie , Javoy Sandra , Kermen Isabelle
Published: May 2022

Cette étude questionne la déclinaison et la mise en œuvre d’un TP « classique », le titrage acide-base, dans trois universités. Les données recueillies (fascicules de TP, propos tenus par des enseignants d’expertises diverses et les étudiants en séance, 3 par université) sont discutées en recherchant notamment les aspects manipulatoire, théorique et méthodologique, ce dernier permettant de justifier le manipulatoire par le théorique. Les choix des enseignants relatifs aux tâches prescrites aux étudiants et la nature des échanges verbaux en séance sont analysés selon le cadre de la double approche didactique et ergonomique. Le déterminant institutionnel influe sur l’existence d’itinéraires cognitifs différents entre universités alors que leurs points communs semblent résulter de l’influence des déterminants social et personnel. Comme attendu les interventions manipulatoires sont majoritaires dans les 9 séances au contraire de celles de nature méthodologique peu présentes tandis que les interventions théoriques des étudiants plus fréquentes dans les séances des enseignants novices témoignent du manque d’expérience de ces derniers.
Guider l’enseignement d’une démarche expérimentale avec un environnement informatique : étude de cas en école d’ingénieur
Authors: Wajeman Claire , Girault Isabelle , Hoffmann Christian , Planche Maëlle , Mandran Nadine , D’Ham Cédric
Published: May 2022

En réformant la pédagogie d’enseignements expérimentaux de physique, des enseignants d’une école d’ingénieurs font de l’acquisition d’une démarche expérimentale un objectif d’apprentissage central. Ils mettent en place un dispositif complexe de guidage dans un environnement numérique, la plateforme LabNbook, dans le but d’amener progressivement leurs étudiants à une pratique spontanée et systématique de cette démarche. Après avoir dégagé leurs objectifs d’apprentissage, nous analysons ces guidages à partir d’entretiens et des patrons des comptes rendus de travaux pratiques que ces enseignants ont construits sur LabNbook pour leurs étudiants. Pratiqué sur un temps long, le guidage est d’autant plus important que la tâche est nouvelle et jugée difficile. D’abord destiné à exemplifier ce qui est attendu des étudiants, le guidage fort, initialement mis en place, est progressivement allégé afin de transférer la responsabilité de la tâche aux étudiants. La plateforme apporte un support efficace au guidage de par son potentiel de structuration et ses outils scientifiques que les enseignants ont largement adoptés. La plateforme facilite également le guidage effectué en séance par l’enseignant auprès des étudiants.
La peau morte de l’écriture. Un entretien avec Jean-François Boclé
Authors: Boclé Jean‑François , Seiderer Anna
Published: May 2022

Cette carte blanche, confiée à l’artiste martiniquais Jean‑François Boclé, est un cheminement anachronique entre ses œuvres et les contextes historiques et mémoriels qui les ont engendrés. La première escale esquisse le site d’observation que constitue son corps performant et performé. Cet ancrage subjectif et singulier le conduit ensuite, vers des considérations politiques et économiques contemporaines, intimement liées, elles aussi, à des héritages plus anciens comme les traites négrières, les colonisations et les guerres d’indépendances. À l’aune de ces passés, il appréhende les formes de notre modernité occidentale comme la collection et l’exposition où se joue leur transmission et leurs résonances complexes et paradoxales.
The Field of TVET
Authors: Malechwanzi Joseph Muthiani
Published: May 2022

This chapter provides the global perspective on the field of TVET. The chapter begins by defining the term TVET and traces its development to present time. The chapter articulates the aims and roles of TVET in the preparation of youth for work. Present global issues such as global financial crisis, increasing illegal immigrates, abrupt technological changes, among other factors pushed education for all (EFA) movement to step up for TVET enrichment. The chapter has also offered avenues for moving the TVET forward with new terms like inbreeding TVET sector and vocationalism as a new way of expanding higher education globally.
Competency-Based Education (CBE) for Working Adults at Salt Lake Community College
Authors: Bragg Debra D. , Heiser Eric A.
Published: May 2022

In this chapter, the authors share lessons that Salt Lake Community College (SLCC), a two-year comprehensive community college located in the most urban area of the state, learned in implementing CBE. The story begins with an explanation of the organizational context for CBE reform at SLCC. As one of two 2-year colleges to join the initial group of higher education institutions in the Competency-Based Education Network (C-BEN), very quickly SLCC was thrust into the limelight as a potential leader in the newest national wave of CBE implementation. The story continues by describing full-scale implementation of CBE at SLCC funded by the United States Department of Labor Trade Adjustment Act Community College Career Training (TAACCCT) grant. Lastly, the authors highlight major lessons learned through SLCC's journey and implications for future CBE implementation that focuses on institution-wide scale up at SLCC and consider what other higher education institutions may be able to learn from SLCC's experience.
Characteristics and Development Patterns of the Process of Vocational Education for Chinese and Japanese Performing Arts
Authors: Shimizu Takuya , Nishio Kumiko
Published: May 2022

The main purpose of this research is to contribute to the literature related to management studies and studies on performing arts education by shedding light on the important roles played by formal education at schools for training performers and management talents. The research compares the process of educational modernization for Chinese traditional theater and Japanese Takarazuka Revue to illuminate respective characteristics and developmental patterns. Although Japan and China have very different modernization processes and political systems, both cases of performing arts have been relying on school institutions for human resources development which has evolved from apprenticeship or something alike. By this comparison, the research then clarifies the ways schools are involved in improving skills and inculcating occupational identities of performers and management talents, thereby constantly producing capable young talents. Finally, the research shows how the result can provide a better view on vocational education for future research in the related field.
Chinese Higher Vocational Education Development and Reform
Authors: Zhou Yi
Published: May 2022

Education researchers have examined whether innovative education and training initiatives might assist in promoting a nation's economic growth. A focus upon Chinese higher vocational education (CHVE) offers an opportunity to study these factors, as CHVE plays an important role in China's educational, economic, and social development. The role of CHVE is to contribute a skilled workforce to the knowledge economy; however, it faces challenges from cultural traditions, teaching/curriculum, and funding issues. The question of how CHVE might better serve social and economic development is of concern to both the nation and government because it is associated with the nation's future economic reform. Through analysis of government policy, the author discusses the development of CHVE as having four major stages with different policy emphases. The new policy reform addresses movement towards optimization of teaching/curriculum, development of decentralization/localization, improvement of industry cooperation, and enhancement of internationalization.
Work-Based Learning in the United States
Authors: Bae Soung , Darche Svetlana
Published: May 2022

In the United States, as in other nations, work-based learning is a key strategy for preparing young people for careers. U.S. secondary schools offer career and technical education (CTE) programs that aim to develop the knowledge, skills, and competencies that young people need to obtain meaningful work. CTE programs support academic attainment and the development of transferable skills, such as teamwork and collaboration skills. New standards also stress “college and career readiness.” However, there is evidence that the U.S. lags behind other developed nations in providing work-based learning experiences that could signal readiness for employment. Thus, introducing young people to the workforce or preparing them for the world of work, before they leave secondary school, is a critical endeavor. In this chapter, the authors highlight exemplary work-based learning models in secondary schools in the United States. The goal of the chapter is to provide rich descriptions of work-based learning models that integrate academics with career preparation, and that thereby provide meaningful and purposeful introductions to working life.
Skill Development, Skill Premium, and Technological Change
Authors: Sharma Harshil
Published: May 2022

This chapter looks to analyze three aspects skill: premium or wage incentive, existence of skill-biased technical change, and problems with current vocational training programs prevailing in India. All these three aspects will be analyzed with a gender-based approach specifically looking at female outcomes in comparison to male outcomes. This study would also throw some light on why labor force participation rate has been low in the case of females in India. Using NSSO data, it is found that skill premium was falling for women in labor-intensive sectors and rising in capital-intensive sectors, but it had no major effect on skill premium of total workforce due to low female labor force participation rate. Overall skill premium is stagnant for total workforce, and capital skill complementarity is not present in case of Indian economy. Movement of labor in Indian economy has been from one unskilled sector (agriculture) to another unskilled sector (construction). The study also finds that the major reason behind skill development system being supply driven is lack of involvement of the private sector financially.
Using Digital Game-Based Learning to Improve the Academic Efficiency of Vocational Education students
Authors: Roodt Sumarie , Ryklief Yusuf
Published: May 2022

Educators have started exploring the potential of digital game-based learning (DGBL) to enhance the learning experience of students. The objective of this experimental research was to explore the potential of DGBL to improve the academic efficiency among vocational education students in South Africa. Students were separated into two groups, an experimental group and control group. Each group received course instruction in the subject of computer programming but using differing instructional strategies. Subsequent to the planned intervention, the academic achievements of both groups were measured through the contrasting results received for pre- and post-intervention tests. The learner-motivation was measured through feedback elicited via a post-intervention questionnaire. Results of the study revealed that the learning motivation of students had a significant impact on their academic achievement, and the academic achievement of students using DGBL as an instructional strategy were better than those learning through the traditional approach.
Vocational Education and Training for Women
Authors: Deka Shikha Jyoti
Published: May 2022

Emphasizing on the need for greater skill development efforts in the country, Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched his campaign “Skill India” in July 2015. The recommenced and vigorous focus on skill development, which is noticeable in various government and non-government initiatives, underlines the evolving importance of skill development. This chapter tries to address the demand and implementation of skill development and training program for a highly disposed yet enormously untended segment of the society (i.e., rural women). By taking the example of two states, namely, Assam and Maharashtra, the chapter discusses on the current context, aptness, and predilection of the rural female folk; the perception; and recommends attainable solutions. Additionally, it highlights the evolving customized region-specific solutions that take into account various traditional, social, cultural, and demographic aspects.
TVET in Kenya
Authors: Malechwanzi Joseph Muthiani
Published: May 2022

This chapter begins by reviewing the socio-economic indicators and then the education system in Kenya starting from the 7-4-2-3 to 8-4-4 and at present is the 2-6-3-3-3. The chapter also articulated the historical development of TVET in Kenya with special reference to sessional paper 1 of 2005 that divided education into basic education, TVET education, and university education. The chapter has also provided justification for conducting research in the TVET sector of education in Kenya. Most important is a holistic approach towards addressing the challenge of poor learning outcomes by tackling the problem from its input to output in vocational colleges. In this regard, theories identified in the previous chapter are advocated in the present chapter to address this mess.
Institutional Dynamics and Support for Students With Disabilities in Botswana's Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Colleges
Authors: Mosalagae Macdelyn Khutsafalo
Published: May 2022

This chapter focuses on the dynamics surrounding inclusionary practices in Botswana's TVET institutions and how these impact on the experiences of students with disabilities. The chapter draws from interviews conducted for a doctoral study informed by the capability approach. The researcher argues that the nature of institutional support can produce enabling and constraining features within the structure and relations at hand. Support for students in TVET is of importance despite aspects such as inadequate resources and untrained personnel on disability matters. The chapter also focuses on the contradictions that have marked the education of students with disabilities. In particular, academics have different perceptions of inclusion and what constitutes good practices of the appropriate inclusion for students with disabilities. A group of 17 students with mild intellectual disabilities formed part of the participants, and the study used in-depth interviews for data collection.
Effect of Agricultural Mechanization on Production and Farmers Economy in Nigeria: A Case Study of Lagos State
Authors: Olatunji Kehinde Oladoke , Ogunkunle Oyetola , Adisa Oladunni Adeleke , Taiwo Adewumi
Published: May 2022

Agricultural mechanization is an essential factor influencing agricultural output and the profitability of farming activities. The influence of agricultural mechanization on agricultural production in Lagos State, where the majority of the farmers use modern technologies for their farming operations, was investigated. The investigative research approach method was employed to retrieve information from farmers through a structured questionnaire. A five rating scale questionnaire was utilized for the respondents to show their level of agreement or disagreement. The percentage was used to analyze the respondents' bio-data. At the same time, the mean was employed to answer the research questions. The null hypotheses were tested using Chi-square statistics at 0.05 significant levels. The results revealed that agricultural mechanization increased the cultivated land, crop yields, and farmers’ income with cumulative means of 2.34, 1.07, and 1.44, respectively. Socioeconomic characteristics, available technology, and government policies influenced agricultural mechanization with cumulative means of 1.93, 1.24, and 1.79, respectively. The entire six hypotheses were rejected based on the results of the Chi-square statistics with the calculated X2 values of 8,989.09, 473.59, 3,977.42, 2,192.63, 226.07 and, 1,878.05; and critical X2 values of 46.19, 46.19, 36.42, 31.41, 21.03, and 31.41, for the significant effect on the size of land cultivated, crop yield, farmer’s income, socioeconomic characteristics, available technology, and government policies respectively. The study showed that agricultural mechanization had a significant influence on crop production and farmers’ income. Therefore, there is a need to improve the available technologies and formulate and implement policies to make agricultural mechanization accessible and sustainable.
Equilibrium and Kinetic Analysis on Cadmium Ion Sequestration from Aqueous Environment by Impregnated Chicken Feather Alkaline Biosorbent
Authors: Adeyi Abel Adekanmi , Uzoukwu Mellisa Chinazom , Popoola Lekan Taofeek , Yusuff Adeyinka Sikiru , Bernard Esther , Pam Aloysius Akaangee , Ogunyemi Adebayo Tajudeen , Hamisu Abubakar
Published: May 2022

The presence of cadmium ions in the environment is dangerous to a human being because of its chronic and acute health syndromes such as hypertension, testicular atrophy, and skeletal fetus malformation. To eliminate cadmium ions from the environment, cheap, non-toxic, and environmental-friendly biosorbents, an alkaline impregnated adsorbent, were prepared in this study. Alkaline impregnated chicken feather biosorbents (AICFB) were synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The AICFB prepared was employed for the cadmium sequestration from simulated wastewater. AICFB quantity, cadmium ion concentration, and temperature are parameters with significant effects on the metal ion sequestration process. Models by Langmuir, Freundlich, and Redlich-Peterson were assigned to analyse the adsorption isotherms. Experimental data seem good with all tested models, and best with the Redlich-Peterson model. The maximum sorption capacity of AICFB toward cadmium ion was 122.07 mg/g as monolayer entrapment at pH 6.5, 0.1 g of AICFB, 120 minutes contact time, and 298 K. The linear pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were applied for the analysis of kinetic data. The pseudo-second-order model suitably describes the cadmium ion uptake by AICFB, indicating the chemisorption process. The prepared AICFB demonstrates efficient cadmium metal sequestration from aqueous environments.
Testing, Evaluating and Simulate the Performance of the Newly Designed Drum for a Sunflower Threshing Machine
Authors: Ali Khaled Abdeen Mousa , Zong Wang Yuan , Ma Li Na , Abd El-Wahhab Gomaa Galal , Li Mao
Published: May 2022

The stationary thresher machines are widely used worldwide in threshing and separating many crops; they proved to have a high performance, especially in small spaces. The threshing drum is the essential working device of the thresher and plays a fundamental role in threshing efficiency, consumed specific energy, machine productivity, and seeds loss. In this study, a structure of sunflower thresher (open style drum with 45 incline degree loop teeth) was tested, and evaluated for performance under different drum rotational speeds (150, 200, 250, and 300 rpm) and different concave clearances ( 10, 15 and 20 mm). The thresher structure and operating parameters were assessed and optimized concerning damaged and unthreshed seed percentage, threshing efficiency, consumed specific energy, and machine productivity. The obtained results revealed that increasing cylinder rotating speed positively related to threshing efficiency, power requirements, and machine productivity while increasing concave negatively related to threshing efficiency, power requirements, and machine productivity. The highest efficiency of 97.40 %, the maximum productivity of 434.50 kg/h, and the lowest consumed specific energy of 6.85 kW.h/t were obtained at the operational condition of 300 rpm drum rotational speed 10 mm concave clearance. Buckingham's π theorem was followed to find an equation to predict the threshing efficiency theoretically, resulting in an equation with an R2 value of 0.8892. These developments were an excellent choice to uprising the performance of the original thresher drum.
Welding Defects Detection in Radiographic Images Using an Improved Denoising Technique Combined with an Enhanced Chan-Vese Model
Authors: Abdelkader Rabah , Ramou Naim , Khorchef Mohammed
Published: May 2022

The detection of welding defects is becoming an important operation in the industry and the field of non-destructive testing. Among the most used techniques in the detection of weld defects, it is radiography. The radiographic images acquired are generally of low contrast, poor quality, and uneven lighting. Therefore, the detection of welding defects becomes a difficult task. In this work, a new hybrid approach based on the combination of several techniques is proposed. It consists of three stages: firstly, we define the region of interest (ROI). Secondly, a preprocessing operation based on an improved version of denoising by soft thresholding of wavelet coefficients and an optimized threshold is applied to improve the image quality (noise reduction, contrast enhancement). Thirdly, an enhanced Chan-Vese model is proposed to segment the denoised ROI region. This enhanced model is based on the choice of a cluster obtained by the Fuzzy C-Mean algorithm (FCM) as the initial contour. The proposed approach is applied to the various radiographic welding images from the GDxray database to extract the characteristics of the welding defects. The results obtained clearly show the effectiveness of the proposed approach compared to conventional techniques.
Scale-Up Studies for Polyhydroxyalkanoate and Halocin Production by Halomonas Sp. as Potential Biomedical Materials
Authors: Nasir Kiran , Batool Rida , Jamil Nazia
Published: May 2022

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are the biomaterials isolated naturally from bacterial strains. These are present in granules and accumulated intracellularly for storage and energy uptake in stressed conditions. This work was based on the extraction of polyhydroxyalkanoates from haloarchaeal strains isolated from samples of a salt mine and Halocin activity screening of these isolates. For the screening of polyhydroxyalkanoates, Nile Blue and Sudan Black Staining were performed. After confirmation and theoretical determination, polyhydroxyalkanoates extraction was done by sodium hypochlorite digestion and solvent extraction by chloroform method in combination. Polyhydroxyalkanoates production was calculated along with the determination of biomass. Halocin activity of these strains was also screened at different intervals. Isolated strains were identified by 16S RNA gene sequencing. Polyhydroxyalkanoates polymer was produced in form of biofilms and brittle crystals. Halocin activity was exhibited by four strains, among which confirmed halocin activity was shown by strain K7. The remarkable results showed that polyhydroxyalkanoates can replace synthetic plastics which are not environment friendly as they cause environmental pollution – a major threat to Earth rising gradually. Therefore, by switching to the use of biodegradable bioplastics from the use of synthetic plastics, it would be beneficial to the ecosphere.
An examination of predictive markers for successful sperm extraction procedures: a linear model and systematic review
Authors: Major Nicholas , Edwards K Russ , Simpson Kit , Rogers Marc
Published: May 2022

The authors performed a comprehensive review of current literature to create a model comparing commonly evaluated variables in male factor infertility, for example, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testicular volume (TV), and testosterone (T), to better predict sperm retrieval rate (SRR). Twenty-nine studies were included, 9 with data on conventional testicular sperm extraction (cTESE) for a total of 1227 patients and 20 studies including data on microdissection testicular sperm extraction (mTESE) for a total of 4760 patients. A weighted-means value of SRR, FSH, T, and TV was created, and a weighted linear regression was then used to describe associations among SRR, type of procedure, FSH, T, and TV. In this study, weighted-means values demonstrated mTESE to be superior to cTESE with an SRR of 51.9% vs 40.1%. Multiple weighted linear regressions were created to describe associations among SRR, procedure type, FSH, T, and TV. The models showed that for every 1.19 mIU ml−1 increase in FSH, there would be a significant decrease in SRR by 1.0%. Seeking to create a more clinically relevant model, FSH values were then divided into normal, moderate elevation, and significant elevation categories (FSH <10 mIU ml−1, 10–19 mIU ml−1, and >20 mIU ml−1, respectively). For an index patient undergoing cTESE, the retrieval rates would be 57.1%, 44.3%, and 31.2% for values normal, moderately elevated, and significantly elevated, respectively. In conclusion, in a large meta-analysis, mTESE was shown to be more successful than cTESE for sperm retrievals. FSH has an inverse relationship to SRR in retrieval techniques and can alone be predictive of cTESE SRR.
Depression, anxiety, and quality of life after percuataneous coronary interventions
Authors: Saini Rajiv Kumar , Chaudhury Suprakash , Singh Navreet , Chadha D. S. , Kapoor Rajneesh
Published: May 2022

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. However, some fascinating advances in the field of cardiology have not only added years to people's life but life to years as well. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), commonly known as coronary angioplasty is a nonsurgical procedure used to treat stenotic coronary arteries. In recent years, PCI has become the preferred modality of treatment for occluded coronary arteries. However, there has been growing interest in the quality of life (QOL) issues for those who undergo such procedures. Depression, anxiety, vital exhaustion, hostility, anger, and acute mental stress have been evaluated as risk factors for the development and progression of CAD. Further, they also have strong bearing toward recovery from an acute coronary event. The current article discusses the role of depression, anxiety, and QOL of patients undergoing PCI.
A cross-sectional study to assess the caregiver burden and the quality of life of caregivers of the patients suffering with psychiatric illness
Authors: Gupta Parul , Bharti Poonam , Bathla Manish , Singh Angad Harshbir , Bhusri Leezu
Published: May 2022

Background:

The impairment due to the psychiatric disorders makes the sufferer unable to become independent, therefore require long term support and care by their relatives. About 32% of years lived with disability (YLD) and about 13% of disability adjusted life-years (DALYs) is found in mental illness.

Aims and Objectives:

The aims were to study the socio-demographic profile, the caregiver burden and quality of life of the caregivers of the patients with different psychiatric illness. Also, to compare the burden and quality of life among caregivers of different psychiatric groups.

Materials and Methods:

It is a cross sectional study in which 120 caregivers of patients with psychiatric illnesses were included; divided into four groups (30 each): Anxiety, psychotic, mood and substance use disorders. After the consent, Zarit burden interview, socio demographic profile and quality of life -10 scales were used to assess the objectives.

Results:

The results revealed that maximum caregivers were males, and spouses in relation with the patient. Most of them were married and educated. Maximum had mild to moderate level of burden (49.1%), followed by moderate to severe level of burden in about 22.5% caregivers. Significant association was seen with the burden level. But no significant association was seen with the quality of life.

Conclusion:

Caregivers of the psychiatric patients have to suffer a lot and may land up into the psychiatric symptoms themselves.
A study of family-related factors associated with scholastic backwardness in urban lower middle class school children
Authors: Sharma Neha , Das Rama Chandra , Srivastava Kalpana , Upasani Rucha
Published: May 2022

Introduction:

Causes of scholastic backwardness in a child may be internal or external. The external factors include the factors related to the family the child is living in, and these factors are usually under-estimated in assessing contribution to scholastic backwardness.

Aims:

The aim of this study is to study the family factors associated with scholastic backwardness in school-going children in Pune Cantonment.

Materials and Methods:

Three hundred school children aged 8–14 years studying in Class III to IX from two government aided semi-Marathi Schools in Pune Cantonment were screened for scholastic backwardness, and evaluation of family-related factors was carried out for positive cases and matched controls.

Results:

Significant association was found between scholastic backwardness and such family factors as maternal education, chronic illness in the family members, and family problems such as domestic violence and substance abuse (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

The family a child lives in plays an important role in determining the scholastic performance of a child. Adverse impact on the child's performance can be made by such variables as low maternal education, chronic illness in one or more family members, and poor family environment. Management strategies and policies aimed at correcting these preventable cause would ensure that they are identified and remedied at an early stage to ensure optimum scholastic performance by children.
Is COVID-19 Infection also a Silent Killer?
Authors: Chakraborty Debabrata , Mondal Prakash Chandra , Sundar Kaushik , Dingal Sanjib Kumar
Published: May 2022

A 59-year-old male had multiple comorbidities such as diabetes, dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. He presented with dyspnea and had ground-glass opacity in the lungs. It was during the pandemic of COVID-19 so repeated Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was done, but all were negative. He got stabilized within 5 days and we planned discharge. Suddenly, he had right hemiplegia and developed altered sensorium. He had NIH Stroke Scale/Score of 28 and computed tomography-Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score of 10. We used tenecteplase (0.25 mg/kg bodyweight) for thrombolysis within 20 min of onset and planned mechanical thrombectomy for the occlusion of internal carotid artery and beyond. However, in magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, he had an established infarct in the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory (within this short time) without significant DWI/FLAIR mismatch. Hence, we continued conservative management. We incidentally detected him to have COVID-19 infection positivity on that day, but all inflammatory and coagulation parameters were normal on that day and later. His monitor did not reveal arrhythmia (during the event and later) and echocardiography failed to reveal evidence of culprit lesion. He had a rapid clinical decline, required hemicraniectomy but expired within 2 days. COVID-19 infection may have negative reports initially, but malignant MCA infarct with normal inflammatory markers makes our case special. The rapidity with which stroke developed underscores the severe nature of the disease process, the absence of arrhythmias (in this in-house stroke), and normal coagulation parameters hints that the exact mechanism of stroke in this type of infection is still an enigma.
The Role of Ophthalmologists in Diagnosing Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Stanković-Babić G , Cekić S , Trenkić M
Published: May 2022

Background:

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a multisystem connective tissue disorder involving the cardiovascular, skeletal, and ocular systems.

Case Report:

We present a case of a 15-year-old boy who was sent to the ophthalmologist for the checkup of the primary disease—hypercalciuria and gigantism for the first time at the age of 5.5 years. After the ophthalmological examination (low myopia <-3.0 diopters, ectopic lens with defects in the nasal lens zonules detected by ultrasound biomicroscopy) and owing to gigantism, suspecting of MFS, we referred the patient for further diagnosis, treatment, and follow-ups.

Conclusion:

The child's excessive growth pointed to the presence of gigantism in the very beginning. A duly identified problem of MFS in our patient at an early age contributed to the correct diagnosis and prevention of the development of amblyopia in the child.
The Recurrence of Phantom Limb Pain with Spinal Anesthesia
Authors: Lee SK , Park JE , Jin SY , Lee MO
Published: May 2022

The recurrence or exacerbation of phantom limb pain (PLP) induced by spinal anesthesia in patients with amputated limbs is rare, but it can occur in any amputee. A 76-year-old woman with an amputated right knee underwent three left knee surgeries with spinal anesthesia over a period of 6 months. She did not experience PLP in the previous two surgeries but experienced the recurrence of severe PLP after the third surgery for the left knee amputation. It is believed that this third operation caused the patient to experience even more severe psychological stress than the previous two operations. Regional blocks can induce PLP in amputees. In addition, PLP can be triggered and exacerbated by psychological factors. Therefore, we suggest that physicians check the patient's psychological state and provide adequate mental stability when performing surgeries with spinal anesthesia in amputated patients.
Management of a 20-Year-Old Longstanding Oroantral Fistula
Authors: Koppolu P , Khan TA , Almarshad AAA , Lingam AS , Afroz MM , Alanazi HF
Published: May 2022

A systematic treatment plan and an appropriate selection of surgical technique are the critical requirements for an effective closure of oroantral fistula (OAF). A 45-year-old female patient had sinus opening after she underwent a surgical tooth extraction 20 years back. On her frequent visits to the dentists some attempts were made for closure including surgical intervention, only for the lesion to return back. Computerized tomography (CT) scan was taken to rule out any bony extension of a lesion, the CT revealed a 1 × 1 cm radiolucency with a through – through communication from the alveolar bone to the right maxillary sinus because of the bony defect in the floor of maxillary sinus along with thickening of the maxillary sinus lining. The closure of the defect was done by a lateral pedicle flap raised from the right side was elevated and laterally slid to cover the defect without tension and was sutured with 4-0 resorbable interrupted suture while maintaining a bare surgical bed covered by the periosteum and a thin layer of connective tissue. This technique provides immediate repair of the defect to the patient, and also maintains comparatively normal anatomic architecture to the oral cavity. Eight months postoperative follow-up revealed a complete closure of OAF without any complications. The findings of this case suggest that lateral sliding pedicle flap can be a conservative approach in managing a long-standing OAF.
The Bad Bug is Back
Authors: Mete B , Kurt AF , Urkmez S , Demirkiran O , Can G , Dumanli GY , Bozbay S , Arsu HY , Otlu B , Karaali R , Balkan II , Saltoglu N , Dikmen Y , Tabak F , Aygun G
Published: May 2022

Background:

Epidemiology of nosocomial infections may show variability because of under-estimation of infection control measures (ICMs) in coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) outbreak.

Aim:

To investigate the Acinetobacter bacteremia outbreak developed in an intensive care unit (ICU) between March 20 to May 15, 2020, examine the risk factors, and re-evaluate ICM retrospectively.

Material and Methods:

A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted to determine the risk factors, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed for analysis of the outbreak, ICM practices were observed by a team, and infection control interventions were undertaken.

Results:

Acinetobacter bacteremia developed in 17 patients (21.5%) within 79 COVID-19 patients included in the study. The mean age of the bacteremic patients was 67.3 (SD = 14.82) years, and 82.4% of them were male; of these, 15 died, leading to 88.2% mortality. The bacteremia rate was higher compared with a 14-month period preceding the COVID-19 pandemic (17/79 versus 12/580 patients, respectively). PFGE revealed that the outbreak was polyclonal. On multi-variate analysis, the bacteremia development rate was 13.7 and 5.06 times higher with central venous catheter (CVC) use and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), respectively. The mortality rate was higher in bacteremic patients (p = 0.0016). It was observed that ICMs were not followed completely, especially change of gloves and hand hygiene. Contamination of A. baumannii was observed in 38% of the gloves.

Conclusion:

COPD and CVC use were determined as risk factors for Acinetobacter bacteremia development, and failures in ICM may have led to cross-contamination of endemic A. baumannii. The outbreak could be controlled within 3 weeks of interventions.
An integrated approach for the characterization of groundwater quality using multivariate statistical techniques and spatial analysis
Authors: Geetha S. , Dharmendirakumar M. , Sunil J.
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT. Ground water accessed via wells in areas of Tiruvallur district of the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu has been a subject to increase sea-water intrusion. The present study highlights the potable water crisis in the northern district evaluated using GIS-assisted determination of water quality parameters across fifty sampling sites. The most informative parameters evaluated within this study were TDS, EC, TH, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl- and SO42- while parameters such as pH, CO32-, etc. had limited correlated significance to water quality. The total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC) determined in the study area indicated significantly elevated levels across the sampling sites. Weighted arithmetical indexing (WAI) of the water quality parameters indicated 30 out of 50 water sources meet the tolerance limits for both drinking and irrigation. Based on BIS standards, only 13 sites met acceptable limits for safe drinking water. Principal component analysis and piper plot analysis revealed a significant involvement of Mg2+, Na+, Cl- and SO42- in the impairment of water quality, particularly in the coastal zones. Spatial hydro-chemical profiles developed in this study reveal ‘hot-spots’ of sea-water tainted water sources, and the hydro-chemical dominance of alkali earth components. Altogether, the study findings indicate a widening water crisis on top of over-exploited water resources and discuss possible factors and remedial steps in addressing the situation.

 

KEY WORDS: Ground water, Principal component analysis, Piper Plot, Water quality index, Irrigation suitability

 

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(2), 241-260.                                                          

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i2.1
A new simple route for synthesis of cadmium(II), zinc(II), cobalt(II), and manganese(II) carbonates using urea as a cheap precursor and theoretical investigation
Authors: Al-Hazmi Ghaferah H. , Alibrahim Khuloud A. , Refat Moamen S. , B.  Ibrahim Omar , Majid A. Adam Abdel , Shakya Sonam
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT. The MnCO3.H2O, CoCO3.4H2O, ZnCO3, and CdCO3, respectively, were synthesized through a new precise, easy pathway for the reaction of MnI2, CoI2, ZnI2, or CdI2 aqueous solutions with a cheap precursor-urea for 10 h at ~ 70 oC. The IR spectra of reaction products designate the presence of characteristic bands of ionic carbonate, CO32– and absence of the individual bands of urea. The (CO3)2- ion is planar and therefore, it belongs to the D3h symmetry. It is expected to display four modes of vibrations. The stretching vibrations of the type; n(C-O) is observed in the range of (1376-1503) cm-1 while another stretching vibration n(C-O) is observed in the region 1060-1079 cm-1. The out of plane of vibration d(OCO) is observed in the range of (833-866) cm-1 while, the angle deformation bending vibration d(OCO) appear in the range of (708-732) cm-1. The infrared spectra of metal carbonate, show that, this product clearly has an uncoordinated water. The band related to the stretching vibration n(O-H) of uncoordinated H2O is observed as expected in the range of ~ 3000 cm-1. A general mechanism explaining the synthesis of carbonate compounds of cadmium(II), zinc(II), cobalt(II), and manganese(II), are described. Moreover, the DFT outcomes using B3LYP/LanL2DZ (basis set) agree with the experimental results.

               

KEY WORDS: Carbonate, CoI2, Infrared spectra, Urea, DFT

 

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(2), 363-372.                                                               

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i2.10
Antioxidant, antimicrobial and antityrosinase activities of phytochemicals from the leaves of Globimetula braunii (Engler) Van Tiegh (Loranthaceae)
Authors: Ja’afar Muhammad Kamal , Jamil Shajarahtunnur , Basar Norazah , Mohd Arriffin Norzafneza , Tijjani Idris Mariya , Jibril Saidu , Temilola Akanji Fausat
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT. Herbal preparations of Globimetula braunii leaves are used in tropical African countries for the treatment of several illnesses. A preliminary study of the leaf extracts of Globimetula braunii has confirmed the antioxidant, antibacterial, biochemical and toxicological potency of the plant. The leaf extracts were subjected to bioactivity guided fractionation that led to the isolation of the active compounds. Antioxidant, antityrosinase and antimicrobial inhibitory activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated. Structural elucidations of the isolated compounds were carried out spectroscopically, including the use of 1D/2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies and mass spectrometry. Results indicated that quercetin (15) isolated from ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging capacity and also showed the highest ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) equivalent value. Quercetin (15) and dodoneine (14) displayed the highest tyrosinase inhibition activity with IC50 value of 0.12±0.32 mM and 0.19±0.20 mM, respectively. All the isolated compounds showed weak to not active in the antimicrobial inhibition assay. The findings in this report have revealed the antioxidant and antityrosinase potential of Globimetula braunii and thus supporting their traditional uses.

 

KEY WORDS: Globimetula braunii, Antioxidant, Antityrosinase, Antimicrobial, Triterpenoid esters, Dodoneine

 

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(2), 387-397.                                                               

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i2.12
Cytotoxic compounds from the root bark of Securidac alongipedunculata
Authors: Wedajo Feyisa , Gure Abera , Meshesha Melkau , Kedir Kassim , Frese Marcel , Sewald Norbert , Abdissa Negera
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT. Chromatographic separation of the ethyl acetate extract of the root bark of Securidaca longipedunculata led to the isolation of one new xanthone derivative (1) along with nine known compounds (2-10). The structure of the isolated compounds were identified by NMR, mass spectrometric analyses, and comparison with the reported literature data. The isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity with compounds 5 (IC50 = 0.38 µM) and 6 (IC50 = 52 µM) showed significant inhibitory activities against the human cervical cancer KB-3-1 cell line. Compound 5 displayed superior activity, which is even better than one of the reference drugs (griseofulvin, IC50 = 17 µM), whereas the rest showed little or none inhibitory activities.

 

KEY WORDS: Securidaca longipedunculata, Root bark, Xanthones, Cytotoxicity, Cervical cancer

 

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(2), 417-422.                                                              

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i2.14