bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
99m-Technetium-Pertechnetat- und 99m-Technetium-Sestamibi-Szintigrafie zur Darstellung von hypofunktionellem Schilddrüsengewebe und Staging bei einem Hund mit Schilddrüsenkarzinom
Authors: Altmann Hannah , Cui Yi , Henrich Manfred , Schaub Sebastian , Thiel Cetina , Moritz Andreas , Bauer Richard , Bauer Natali
Published: December 2022

Eine 10-jährige Mischlingshündin wurde aufgrund einer zervikalen Umfangsvermehrung zur Schilddrüsen-Szintigrafie vorgestellt.

Aufgrund einer zusätzlichen Hypothyreose, die einen „kalten“ Knoten vermuten ließ, und zur Metastasensuche, erfolgte neben der 99m-Technetium-Pertechnetat (Tc-Pertechnetat)-Szintigrafie eine zweite Szintigrafie mit 99m-Technetium-Sestamibi (Tc-MIBI).

Zwanzig Minuten nach intravenöser Gabe von 38 MBq Tc-Pertechnetat waren ein „heißer“ zervikaler und ein intrathorakaler Knoten mit einem „Uptake“ von 8,40 und 0,25 % sichtbar. In der zweiten Szintigrafie 20 Minuten nach intravenöser Gabe von 364 MBq Tc-MIBI und 70 Minuten nach der ersten Szintigrafie zeigten die Knoten nach Abzug der Pertechnetat-Aktivität und Zerfallskorrektur einen „Uptake“ von 0,99 und 0,03 %. Zudem stellten sich in der Schilddrüsenloge beide Schilddrüsenlappen mit einer geringen Tc-MIBI-Aufnahme dar. Das Verhältnis Tc-„Uptake“/Tc-MIBI-„Uptake“ betrug für beide Läsionen 8,48 bzw. 8,33.

Nach Exstirpation des zervikalen Tumors ergab die histopathologische Untersuchung atrophisches Schilddrüsengewebe, das von einem expansiv wachsenden gut differenzierten follikulären Schilddrüsenkarzinom fast vollständig verdrängt wurde.

Dieser Fallbericht beschreibt Durchführung, Nutzen und rechnerische Korrektur einer aufeinanderfolgenden Pertechnetat- und MIBI-Szintigrafie, die eine Darstellung von hypofunktionellem Schilddrüsengewebe ermöglichte. Die beiden heißen Knoten waren daher und aufgrund ihrer gleichen MIBI-Stoffwechselaktivität als dystopes Gewebe/Metastasen zu werten, wodurch die Hündin in das prognostisch ungünstigere WHO-Stadium IV klassifiziert werden musste. Anders als beim Menschen sollten beim Hund zur Vermeidung einer erneuten Narkose beide Szintigrafien kurz hintereinander durchgeführt werden. Eine qualitative/visuelle Beurteilung des MIBI-Szintigramms ist daher nicht sicher möglich, sodass eine quantitative Beurteilung über den „Uptake“ nach rechnerischer Korrektur der Pertechnetat-Aktivität erfolgen muss.
A Density Functional Theory Study on the Cobalt-Mediated Intramolecular Pauson–Khand Reaction of Enynes Containing a Vinyl Fluoride Moiety
Authors: Escorihuela Jorge
Published: December 2022

The Co2(CO)8-mediated intramolecular Pauson–Khand reaction (PKR) is an effective method for constructing polycyclic structures. Recently, our group reported a series of this type of reaction involving fluorinated enynes that proceed with reasonable reaction rates and yields. However, mechanistic studies involving these fluorinated derivatives in intramolecular PKR are scarce. In this study, density functional theory calculations are used to clarify the mechanism and reactivity of enynes containing a vinyl fluoride moiety for this reaction. In agreement with previous studies, alkene insertion is considered to be the rate-determining step for the overall Pauson–Khand reaction of enynes containing a vinyl fluoride moiety. The effect of the substituent on the Co2(CO)8-mediated intramolecular Pauson–Khand reaction has also been investigated. When introducing heteroatoms as tethering units, the fluorinated enynes exhibited lower reactivity than the malonate homologues, whereas the use of a sulfur-based tether was unsuccessful. This computational study provides detailed information about the PKR mechanism and transition-state structures, and the results are validated with previous experimental results.
Entscheider-Blog: Der Vorhang fällt
Authors: Heiß Tanja
Published: December 2022

Nach vier Jahren verabschiedet sich der kma Entscheider Blog. Zum Abschluss gibt es eine Zusammenfassung zu den wichtigsten Themen und Entwicklungen, die unsere neun Bloggerinnen und Blogger seit 2018 beschäftigt haben. Tanja Heiß blickt zurück auf Trends und gesetzliche Entwicklungen, die polarisiert haben und gibt eine Prognose für die Zukunft.
Pläne Für Zentralkrankenhaus: Ungewöhnliche Allianz gegen protestierende Bürger
Authors: Rößing Sabine
Published: December 2022

Weil sie um ihre Jobs fürchten, stellen sich die Mitarbeiter der Krankenhausgesellschaft im oberbayerischen Weilheim-Schongau hinter die Pläne des Krankenhausmanagements, die bisherigen zwei Standorte zu einem Zentralkrankenhaus zusammenzulegen. Dabei beziehen sie sogar Stellung gegen eine Bürgerinitiative, die den Erhalt der bisherigen Strukturen fordert.
Nachhaltige Energietechnik: Kostensenkung durch Flexibilisierung
Authors: Hohnstein Aileen
Published: December 2022

Auch in Zeiten der Energiekrise lohnt es sich für Krankenhäuser, Blockheizkraftwerke aufzurüsten und sie auf einen flexiblen Betrieb umzustellen. Am Fraunhofer-Institut für Umwelt-, Sicherheit- und Energietechnik wurde ermittelt, dass so eine optimierte Energiegewinnung im Krankenhaus die Wirtschaftlichkeit erhöhen und Einsparpotentiale bieten kann.
Radiologie: KI-Einsatz auf der Wiesn
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: December 2022

Um die Diagnostik und Behandlung von Kopfverletzungen auf dem Oktoberfest zu verbessern, hat ein Team der Klinik und Poliklinik für Radiologie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München dort erstmals einen Computertomograf aufgestellt. Der Diagnoseprozess wurde dabei von einer KI unterstützt.
Illuminating cell membranes by mixing light
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: December 2022

Second harmonic generation offers unique insights when studying biological membranes.
Evolution of superconductivity dependence on substrate temperature with thickness of Fe(Se,Te) coated conductors deposited on metal tapes
Authors: Ye Jiachao , Mou Shaojing , Zhu Rongji , Liu Linfei , Li Yijie
Published: December 2022

Fe(Se,Te) films of different thicknesses were deposited on metal tapes by pulsed laser deposition at different substrate temperatures. It is found that the substrate temperature dependence of superconductivity changes with the Fe(Se,Te) film thickness. When fabricating thin Fe(Se,Te) films with a thickness of about 150 nm, moderate substrate temperatures are conducive to balancing the influence of texture and stoichiometry on superconductivity, contributing to the obtainment of good superconductivity. When the Fe(Se,Te) films’ thickness is about 300 nm, the optimal substrate temperatures are lowered due to the determination of film superconductivity by the inhomogeneity of longitudinal chalcogen distribution via the cooperation of Te loss in the long-term-ablated target and the attraction of metal ions in the buffer layer. In addition, with a further increase in thickness from 300 to 600 nm, the self-field critical current of thick Fe(Se,Te) films continuously increases, but the critical current density increases first and then decreases, which is thought to be a result of the misoriented grains or non-superconducting phase due to the large deviation between the actual deposition temperature and the set substrate temperature, and the Se excess in the film. In addition, the 450-nm-thick Fe(Se,Te) film exhibits excellent self-field and in-field performances at 4.2 K: 1.308 MA/cm2 at self-field and over 0.5 MA/cm2 at 9 T. Point pinning, which is the local lattice disturbance randomly distributed in the film observed by transmission electron microscopy, dominates over the entire temperature range.
Surface-limited deuterium uptake of Ru films under plasma exposure
Authors: Wang S. C. , Zoethout E. , van Kampen M. , Morgan T. W.
Published: December 2022

Blister formation has been an emerging research topic for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) mirrors exposed to hydrogen plasmas. Similar to plasma-facing materials in nuclear fusion reactors, it has been reported that blister formation in EUV mirrors is initiated by hydrogen uptake due to hydrogen ion or atom bombardment. However, the research so far has focused on Mo/Si multilayers exposed to only hydrogen ions or atoms, while the EUV mirror typically has a Ru capping layer facing hydrogen plasmas. We present experimental work to measure plasma-induced hydrogen uptake of Ru films. We bombarded our designed Ru-capped target with a low-temperature deuterium plasma and measured the deuterium retention using elastic recoil detection. Contrary to ion-driven deuterium uptake, the deuterium uptake rate of the Ru film had no dependence on the deuterium ion flux or energy after a period of plasma exposure. A reaction–diffusion model has been built to calculate the time evolution of deuterium retention, which well fits the experimental data. Based on this model, we conclude that the surface composition of the Ru film is the limiting factor for the deuterium uptake, which is seriously weakened when the surface is covered by Ru oxide. After the Ru oxide is reduced by the plasma, the uptake rate is predominantly driven by the deuterium surface coverage on metallic Ru. Our model also indicates that at the deuterium-populated Ru surface, deuterium has a low absorption barrier to penetrate the surface, which is supported by previously reported computational work.
Physical origin of the endurance improvement for HfO2-ZrO2 superlattice ferroelectric film
Authors: Gong Zhi , Chen Jiajia , Peng Yue , Liu Yan , Yu Xiao , Han Genquan
Published: December 2022

HfO2-ZrO2 superlattice (SL) ferroelectric (FE) ultrathin films exhibit significant improvement in endurance performance compared with solid-solution HfxZr1−xO2 (HZO). Despite the experimental evidence, the underlying microscopic mechanisms of the enhanced reliability of SL remain elusive. This Letter explores the mechanism by performing first-principle calculations on SL and HZO systems. The enhanced endurance in the SL can be well explained by higher oxygen vacancy (Vo) migration energy barriers along the FE polarization direction, which slow down the increase in Vo. The suppression of Vo increase will potentially help maintain the stability of the FE phase and alleviate the fatigue. Based on this mechanism, we suggest that doping materials with higher Vo migration barriers can further improve the endurance of HfO2-based FE devices. This work facilitates the future development of HfO2-based FE devices with enhanced endurance and reliability.
Acoustic multichannel transports of valley edge states in bilayer sonic crystals
Authors: Li Houyin , Wang Zhenyu , Wang Zhennan , Deng Chengxin , Luo Jinlong , Huang Jian , Wang Xiaoyan , Yang Hai
Published: December 2022

Backscattering immunity of valley edge states for a monolayer sonic crystal provides a basis for designing devices with unconventional functions. Recently, the valley edge state of a bilayer sonic crystal, regarded as a new degree of freedom, gives a powerful platform for manipulating acoustic waves. In this Letter, we realize valley spin insulators in a bilayer sonic crystal and find that the layer-mixed, layer-polarized, and layer-locked edge states exist on both zigzag and armchair interfaces. There are significant differences between the armchair edge states and the zigzag edge states at the interfaces formed by two domains of distinct acoustic layer-valley Hall phases. Based on the projected dispersion relations for a bilayer sonic crystal, we achieve theoretically and experimentally bilayer multichannel transmission with different layers locking. This paper provides a design approach for applications of bilayer acoustic multichannel communication devices.
Deciphering electric field induced spatial pattern formation in the photosensitive chlorine-dioxide iodine malonic acid reaction and the Brusselator reaction-diffusion systems
Authors: Maiti Tarpan , Ghosh Pushpita
Published: December 2022

Reaction-diffusion systems involving ionic species are susceptible to an externally applied electric field. Depending on the charges on the ionic species and the intensity of the applied electric field, diverse spatiotemporal patterns can emerge. We here considered two prototypical reaction-diffusion systems that follow activator-inhibitor kinetics: the photosensitive chlorine dioxide-iodine-malonic acid (CDIMA) reaction and the Brusselator model. By theoretical investigation and numerical simulations, we unravel how and to what extent an externally applied electric field can induce and modify the dynamics of these two systems. Our results show that both the uni- and bi-directional electric fields may induce Turing-like stationary patterns from a homogeneous uniform state resulting in horizontal, vertical, or bent stripe-like inhomogeneity in the photosensitive CDIMA system. In contrast, in the Brusselator model, for the activator and the inhibitor species having the same positive or negative charges, the externally applied electric field cannot develop any spatiotemporal instability when the diffusion coefficients are identical. However, various spatiotemporal patterns emerge for the same opposite charges of the interacting species, including moving spots and stripe-like structures, and a phenomenon of wave-splitting is observed. Moreover, the same sign and different magnitudes of the ionic charges can give rise to Turing-like stationary patterns from a homogeneous, stable, steady state depending upon the intensity of the applied electric field in the case of the Brusselator model. Our findings open the possibilities for future experiments to verify the predictions of electric field-induced various spatiotemporal instabilities in experimental reaction-diffusion systems.
Microscopic observation of two-level systems in a metallic glass model
Authors: Mocanu Felix C. , Berthier Ludovic , Ciarella Simone , Khomenko Dmytro , Reichman David R. , Scalliet Camille , Zamponi Francesco
Published: December 2022

The low-temperature quasi-universal behavior of amorphous solids has been attributed to the existence of spatially localized tunneling defects found in the low-energy regions of the potential energy landscape. Computational models of glasses can be studied to elucidate the microscopic nature of these defects. Recent simulation work has demonstrated the means of generating stable glassy configurations for models that mimic metallic glasses using the swap Monte Carlo algorithm. Building on these studies, we present an extensive exploration of the glassy metabasins of the potential energy landscape of a variant of the most widely used model of metallic glasses. We carefully identify tunneling defects and reveal their depletion with increased glass stability. The density of tunneling defects near the experimental glass transition temperature appears to be in good agreement with experimental measurements.
Electrically driven active VO2/MXene metasurface for the terahertz modulation
Authors: Li Yuan , Ma He , Wang Yu , Ding Jun , Qi Limei , Fu Yulan , Ning Ran , Rong Lu , Wang Dayong , Zhang Xinping
Published: December 2022

With the growing demand for broadband wireless communication, high-resolution radar, security inspection, and biological analysis, terahertz (THz) technology has made significant progress in recent years. The wide applications of THz technology benefited from the rapid development of various THz functional devices. Metasurface, an essential means of manipulating THz waves, has widely been applied in multiple THz functional devices. However, it is still a great challenge to construct flexible THz metasurface devices due to the lack of flexibility of traditional semiconductor and metal materials. In this work, a two-dimensional material, MXene, is used to prepare flexible metasurfaces with frequency filtering and polarization functions. By further combining with the phase-transition-material vanadium dioxide, the VO2/MXene metasurface exhibits good performance in amplitude modulation under electrical stimulation. The modulation depth of the device reaches 86% under a lower trigger power of 11.6 mW/mm2 and the response time is only ∼100 ms. Such a flexible active metasurface with superior performance and high integration will be useful in THz imaging systems, THz sensing systems, etc.
Photoionization and core resonances from range-separated time-dependent density-functional theory for open-shell states: Example of the lithium atom
Authors: Toulouse Julien , Schwinn Karno , Zapata Felipe , Levitt Antoine , Cancès Éric , Luppi Eleonora
Published: December 2022

We consider the calculations of photoionization spectra and core resonances of open-shell systems using range-separated time-dependent density-functional theory. Specifically, we use the time-dependent range-separated hybrid (TDRSH) scheme, combining a long-range Hartree–Fock exchange potential and kernel with a short-range potential and kernel from a local density-functional approximation, and the time-dependent locally range-separated hybrid (TDLRSH) scheme, which uses a local range-separation parameter. To efficiently perform the calculations, we formulate a spin-unrestricted linear-response Sternheimer approach in a non-orthogonal B-spline basis set using appropriate frequency-dependent boundary conditions. We illustrate this approach on the Li atom, which suggests that TDRSH and TDLRSH are adequate simple methods for estimating the single-electron photoionization spectra of open-shell systems.
Novel hybrid compact schemes for stream function–velocity formulation of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Yadav Vivek S. , Maurya Vikas , Maurya Praveen K. , Rajpoot Manoj K.
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we have developed new hybrid compact schemes for the simulation of stream function–velocity formulation of a two-dimensional incompressible Navier–Stokes equation. The first-order spatial derivatives are approximated by an optimized upwind compact scheme, and the Laplacian and biharmonic operators are discretized using fourth-order hybrid compact schemes. Moreover, we have also performed Fourier analysis to assess the resolution and added numerical diffusion properties of numerical schemes for stream function–velocity formulation of the linear Navier–Stokes equation. For time discretization, we have used an explicit fourth-stage fourth-order Runge–Kutta method and hybrid filters. Furthermore, to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the schemes, several fluid flow problems, including a test problem with a non-homogeneous source term and a lid-driven cavity problem, are considered. Numerical results exhibit a great match to the results reported in the literature at lower computational cost with hybrid filters.
Eptesicus pumilus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from the Nullarbor region of South Australia.
Authors: Hamilton-Smith E.
Published: December 2022

NA
Sea lions and fur seals of Australia and New Zealand - the growth of knowledge.
Authors: Marlow B. J. , King J. E.
Published: December 2022

NA
The Australian rodent specimens (Muridae) of J. E. Gray's list of the specimens of Mammalia in the collection of the British Museum (1843).
Authors: Mahoney J. A.
Published: December 2022

Thirty-six Australian rodent specimens are mentioned in J. E. Gray's List of the specimens of Mammalia in the collection of the British Museum published in 1843. Twenty-nine of these have been located in the British Museum (Natural History). Information given for the Australian rodent specimens of Gray's List in the British Museum (Natural History) Catalogue of Mammalia IV. Glires, and Registers, and on labels with the twenty-nine specimens in the British Museum (Natural History), is recorded. The latter specimens are re-identified. Some of the thirty-six specimens are discussed. Thomas's lectotype selection for Mus greyii Gray, 1841 is invalid and a lectotype is selected for that taxon. The lectotype of Mus greyii Gray, 1841 and the holotype of Pseudomys australis Gray, 1832 are illustrated.
Aspects of the ecology of the swamp wallaby Wallabia bicolor (Marsupialia: Macropodidae).
Authors: Edwards G. P. , Ealey E. H. M.
Published: December 2022

The measured ranges of wallabies at Healesville were rectangular or dumbbell shaped, with long axes sometimes as much as 600 m, and often distributed bimodally with respect to intensity of use. Wallabies sometimes used particular parts of their ranges at particular times of the day. The ranges of several animals at Healesville overlapped, but very rarely during daytime was more than one individual seen in the same place at the same time. There is evidence that different animals used the same general area at different times of the day. Although wallabies do not appear solely to occupy and defend territories in the traditional sense of the term. limited force-tracking evidence suggests that there may be well-defined home range boundaries which they will not cross. Wallabies were not repelled by water and forded a creek frequently as part of their regular movements. Wallabies fed on and off throughout day and night, though they spent some time resting during the day. They frequently fed on open pasture at night, but were almost always back in thick cover before sunrise. Wallabia bicolor seems to be a browsing rather than a grazing animal.
Notomys macrotis Thomas, 1921, a poorly known Australian hopping mouse [Rodentia: Muridae].
Authors: Mahoney J. A.
Published: December 2022

Notomys macrotis Thomas, 1921, a poorly known, seemingly extinct hopping mouse, was named for two skins and skulls. Some features of those specimens are described and measurements are given. The holotype is figured. N. macrotis is very closely related to Notomys cervinus (Gould, 1853). The validity of the name Macrotis Thomas, 1921 is affirmed. Notomys mitchllii richardsonii (Gray, 1875) is the valid name of the Western Australian form of N. mitchellii (Ogilby, 1838) should that form be subspecifically distinct from N. m. mitchellii of eastern Australia. A lectotype is selected for Hapalotis richardsonii Gray, 1875.
Geographical distribution and habitat of the marsupial mole, Notoryctes typhlops.
Authors: Corbett L. K.
Published: December 2022

NA
Pseudomys australis minnie - a new record for the Northern Territory.
Authors: Corbett L. K. , Newsome A. E. , Jones M. A.
Published: December 2022

NA
Male reproduction: its usefulness in discussions of Macropodidae evolution.
Authors: Rodger J. C.
Published: December 2022

NA
The Cinnamon Antechinus, Antechinus leo (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae), a new species from the vine-forests of Cape York Peninsula.
Authors: Dyck S. Van
Published: December 2022

Antechinus leo sp. nov., from Buthen Buthen, Cape York Peninsula is described. This species most closely resembles A. flavipes (Waterhouse) yet differs from it in colour, supratragal, dental and basicranial morphology. It is the only mammal endemic to Cape York Peninsula and is the only Antechinus known to occur in that area.
Macropus mundjabus, a new kangaroo (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) of uncertain age from Victoria, Australia.
Authors: Flannery T. F.
Published: December 2022

Macropus mundjabus n. sp., represented by remarkably complete skeletal material, was discovered in a filled firehole in the Morwell IA coal seam at the Morwell open cast coal mine in Gippsland, Victoria. While dental characters indcate that it is a member of the genus Macropus (sensu stricto) a study of postcranial anatomy reveals a marked parallel with Osphranter robustus (the largest living rock-dwelling macropodid). A possible rock-dwelling habit is inferred for M. mundjabus, an ecological niche no other Macropus (sensu stricto) is known to have exploited.
Ecological correlates of caudal fat storage in small mammals.
Authors: Morton S. R.
Published: December 2022

Caudal fat storage appears to occur in two distinct groups of small mammals. In one, diet is variable but extended torpor is characteristic; the second group consists of desert-dwelling insectivores.
Cutaneous receptors in the bill of the Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
Authors: Bohringer R. C.
Published: December 2022

The pattern of cutaneous innervation of the bill of the platypus has been examined using standard light and electron microscope techniques. These revealed that the external surfaces of the bill were covered with thick, keratinised epidermis containing numerous receptor complexes or 'rod organs'. Each rod organ consisted of epidermal cells associated with three types of peripheral nerve terminals: (i) free nerve endings running axially in the epidermal rod, (ii) Merkel endings lying at the base of the rod, (iii) a cluster of 4-6 simple, encapsulated terminals with inner cores lying within the vascular subepidermal connective tissue beneath the rod. Rod organs were distributed over the entire surface of the bill and the frontal and gular shields but were found in greater numbers at the border of the upper bill. The unit design and array of receptor complexes in the platypus bill is similar to that found in the naked rhinaria of other mammals where such innervation patterns are associated with tactile function.
Flehmen in kangaroos
Authors: Coulson G. M. , Croft D. B.
Published: December 2022

NA
Some observations on the behaviour of the Antilopine Wallaroo Macropus antilopinus (Marsupialia: Macropodidae).
Authors: Croft D. B.
Published: December 2022

The grouping pattern and social behaviour of the Antilopine Wallaroo Macropus antilopinus were observed during the 'dry' season in a population located near Mt. Finniss, Northern Territory. Antilopine Wallaroos are highly gregarious forming small groups of mean size 4.5 individuals. Only large adult males and females with young-at-foot were commonly found apart from other individuals. The Antilapine Wallaroo is significantly more social than the Wallaroos (M. robustus) but in its social behaviour more closely resembles the Wallaroos than other members of the genus Macropus. However, its social behaviour has some singular elements. Allogrooming between adults, especially sparring males, is unusually frequent; a peculiar head-tossing behaviour is used by threatening males; and flehmen appears to be more overt in this species. Possibly the more open plains habitat of the Antilopine Wallaroo has resulted in a greater gregariousness in this species than in the hill-dwelling Wallaroos (M. robustus).
Intrapopulation variation in G6PD phenotype in greater gliders (Petauroides volans) (Marsupialia: Petauridae).
Authors: Murray J. D. , McKay G. M.
Published: December 2022

NA
The status and relationships of the Atherton Antechinus, Antechinus godmani (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae).
Authors: Dyck S. Van
Published: December 2022

Antechinus godmani has been collected from only six localities all with a 30 km radius from Ravenshoe, Atherton Tableland. Its distribution appears to be limited to complex notophyll vine-forest at altitudes of approximately 1200 m. Features of dental, cranial and external morphology indicate A. godmani to be more closely related to New Guinean antechinuses, in particular A. mayeri, than to any other Australian antechinus. The biogeographical implications of this relationship are discussed.
Population composition of the wallaroo, Macropus robustus (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) in the New England tablelands of New South Wales.
Authors: Taylor R. J.
Published: December 2022

NA
Some observations on Notopteris macdonaldi (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae).
Authors: Nelson J. E. , Hamilton-Smith E.
Published: December 2022

Some field experiments on the orientation of the cave roosting Notopteris macdonaldi showed that these flying foxes were unable to avoid obstacles in complete darkness or when blindfolded, but were able to do so in very dim light. No audible or ultrasonic sounds that could be used in ecolocation were detected during their flight. Some observations are reported on body temperature and reproduction.
Habitat preferences and diets of sympatric Sminthopsis crassicaudata and S. macroura (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae).
Authors: Morton S. R. , Denny M. J. S. , Read D. G.
Published: December 2022

The habitat preferences of Sminthopsis crassicaudata and S. macroura were examined where the species are sympatric in western Queensland and northwestern New South Wales. At one study area S. macroura appeared to select stony substrates, while S. crassicaudata occurred more commonly on clay, loam or sandy substrates. At the second study area, both species were more commonly caught on clay or loam. The apparent balance between habitat preference and flexibility in usage of habitats is discussed in the light of previous reports on the two species. Some data on diet are presented, showing that both species are broadly insectivorous.
Seasonal behaviour of Pteropus scapulatus (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae).
Authors: Prociv P.
Published: December 2022

NA
Observations of the sheath-tailed bat, Taphozous saccolaimus Temminck (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae), in the Townsville region of Queensland.
Authors: Compton A. , Johnson P. M.
Published: December 2022

NA
Observations on the feeding habits of the Greater Broad-nosed Bat, Nycticeius rueppellii (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae).
Authors: Woodside D. P. , Long A.
Published: December 2022

Nycticeius rueppellii were found to kill and eat other bats when caught in harp-traps and when confined with other species in captivity. The deaths of at least 26 individuals of seven bat species were attributed to N. rueppellii. Such predatory behaviour was also observed both in small cages and in a large outdoor enclosure and appeared not to be induced by starvation. Feeding trials in captivity showed a more immediate response by N. rueppellii to the presence of live bat prey than to other prey types including mealworms, baby mice and adult mice (Mus musculus). In the field, free-flying N. rueppellii attacked other bats entangled in mist-nets. These observations suggest that the natural diet of this bat may not be restricted to invertebrate prey but may also include vertebrates.
Histology and scanning electron microscopy of the development of the reproductive tract of the Common Ringtail Possum Pseudocheirus peregrinus (Pseudocheiridae: Marsupialia).
Authors: Armati-Gulson P. , Lowe J .
Published: December 2022

This paper describes the histological development of the reproductive tract of the female Common Ringtail Possum Pseudocheirus peregrinus. Scanning electron microscopy of the lumen of the Fallopian tubes and the uteri shows that the cells lining these tubes are ciliated or covered with microvilli. The lumenal configuration of these cells is polygonal. The development of the cilia, microvilli and well defined muscle layers found in the mature females, began in the juvenile. This sequence of differentiation indicates that the histological arrangement of the reproductive tract is associated with the onset of maturation, ovulation, pregnancy and birth of the young. This paper complements information presented in an earlier paper (Armati-Gulson and Lowe 1984) .
Autocclusal mechanisms in the carnivore dentition.
Authors: Mellett J. S.
Published: December 2022

Occlusal events in the mammalian dentition occur too rapidly to be controlled by neuromuscular coordination alone. Another mechanism must be postulated to account for the paradox of extraordinarily precise but rapid occlusal events. Autocclusal mechanisms are those controlled by the dentition, as opposed to neuromuscular systems. The first autocclusal event in carnivore jaw mechanics occurs when the upper and lower canines come into contact. Although canines have many functions, their primary role in carnivores is to serve as occlusal guides for the postcanine teeth. The masticatory muscles then position the carnassials, and fibrous food engages a catchment mechanism between the upper and lower carnassials to keep them in tight apposition. The existence of autocclusal mechanisms allows a shift from dP3/dP4 to P4/M1 shear to occur readily in ontogeny because the masticatory neuromuscular system "learns" how to chew by using teeth that are currently in position in the jaw.
Comparative morphology of the vomeronasal receptor-free epithelium of some phyllostomid bats: light microscopic observations.
Authors: Bhatnagar K. P.
Published: December 2022

The vomeronasal organ (YNO) receptor-free epithelium (RFE) of Diaemus youngii is compa red with that of Desmodus rotundus, Diphylla ecaudata, Artibeus jamaicensis, and Carollia perspicillata. The entire RFE of Diaemus bears tall cilia, whereas mixed populations of ciliated and non-ciliated cells occur in Desmodus and Diphylla, dropping to a few ciliated ones in the latter species. The RFE in Artibeus and Carollia is non-ciliated. It is suggested that the function of RFE cilia may have to be performed by the neuroepithelial microvilli in the non-ciliated VNO of Artibeus and Carollia. Since the Diaemus RFE is heavily ciliated, it is inferred that the overall chemoreceptive function of the VNO might be greatly enhanced by the cilia clearing the organ lumen of its fluids at a quicker pace, thus making the Diaemus VNO a highly efficient chemosensory organ compared to these other species.
Dentition of Victorian Antechinus species (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae).
Authors: Davison A.
Published: December 2022

The dentitions of Victoria's currently recognised subspecies of Antechinus (A. stuartii stuartii, A. flavipes flavipes, A . minimus maritimus and A. swainsonii mimetes) are described and illustrated. Subspecies from other states compared are: A. stuartii adustus, A . f!avipes leucogaster, A. minimus minimus and A. swainsonii swainsonii. All species were clearly distinct on the basis of dental morphology. Of the subspecies examined, all except A. flavipes flavipes and A. f!avipes leucogaster were found to differ dentally.
Use of monoclonal antibodies as a taxonomic tool in Macropodoidea (Marsupialia).
Authors: Van Oorschot R. A. H. , Stratton J. S. , Cooper D. W.
Published: December 2022

Monoclonal antibody reagents (McAbs) to kangaroo red cells and the use of a simple agglutination test constitute an efficient way of answering certain taxonomic questions. Two types of antigens are recognised; a group of conservative antigens and a group of fast-evolving antigens. The former are frequently monomorphic, the latter frequently polymorphic, within a species. The conservative antigens distinguished the Macropodoidea from other marsupial families as well as the Macropodoidea from the Potoroidae. The fast-evolving were particularly useful in detecting a hybrid zone between two subspecies of Macropus robustus, M. r. robustus and M. r. erubescens in Queensland. They also showed that there is no detectable hybridisation between the two closely related species of grey kangaroo M. giganteus and M. fuliginosus in their zone of overlap. We suggest that McAbs are useful for recognising relationships between families and superfamilies, between very closely related species and subspecies, and individuals within a species. They are probably less useful for recognising intermediate relationships.
Composition of the bat (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) communities in Tasmanian forests.
Authors: Taylor R. J. , O'Neill M. G.
Published: December 2022

NA
Capture-related aspects of the ecology of Antechinus flavipes (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae).
Authors: Goldingay R. L. , Denny M. J. S.
Published: December 2022

NA
Extension of the range of the smoky mouse, Pseudomys fumeus (Rodentia: Muridae), into the Australian Capital Territory.
Authors: Osborne W. S. , Preece M. A.
Published: December 2022

NA
Identification, distribution and taxonomy of Australian flying-foxes (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)
Authors: Hall L. S.
Published: December 2022

NA
Current research and future management of Marianas fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) on Guam.
Authors: Wiles G. J.
Published: December 2022

NA
Are flying-foxes (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) really primates.
Authors: Pettigrew J. D. , Jamieson B. G. M.
Published: December 2022

NA
Positivity of the determinants of the partition function and the overpartition function
Authors: Wang Larry , Yang Neil
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we give an iterated approach to concern with the positivity of

det
 
(
p
(
n
−
i
+
j
)

)

1
≤
i
,
j
≤
k

,

\begin{equation*} \det \ (p(n-i+j))_{1\leq i,j\leq k}, \end{equation*}

where

p
(
n
)

p(n)

is the partition function. We first apply a general method to prove that for given

k
1

,

k
2

,

m
1

,

m
2

k_1,k_2,m_1,m_2

, one can find a threshold

N
(

k
1

,

k
2

,

m
1

,

m
2

)

N(k_1,k_2,m_1,m_2)

such that for

n
>
N
(

k
1

,

k
2

,

m
1

,

m
2

)

n>N(k_1,k_2,m_1,m_2)

,
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="Start 3 By 3 Determinant 1st Row 1st Column p left-parenthesis n minus k 1 plus m 1 right-parenthesis 2nd Column a m p semicolon p left-parenthesis n plus m 1 right-parenthesis 3rd Column a m p semicolon p left-parenthesis n plus m 1 plus m 2 right-parenthesis 2nd Row 1st Column p left-parenthesis n minus k 1 right-parenthesis 2nd Column a m p semicolon p left-parenthesis n right-parenthesis 3rd Column a m p semicolon p left-parenthesis n plus m 2 right-parenthesis 3rd Row 1st Column p left-parenthesis n minus k 1 minus k 2 right-parenthesis 2nd Column a m p semicolon p left-parenthesis n minus k 2 right-parenthesis 3rd Column a m p semicolon p left-parenthesis n minus k 2 plus m 2 right-parenthesis EndDeterminant greater-than 0 period">

|

p
(
n
−

k
1

+

m
1

)

a
m
p
;
p
(
n
+

m
1

)

a
m
p
;
p
(
n
+

m
1

+

m
2

)

p
(
n
−

k
1

)

a
m
p
;
p
(
n
)

a
m
p
;
p
(
n
+

m
2

)

p
(
n
−

k
1

−

k
2

)

a
m
p
;
p
(
n
−

k
2

)

a
m
p
;
p
(
n
−

k
2

+

m
2

)

|

>
0.

\begin{equation*} \begin {vmatrix} p(n-k_1+m_1) & p(n+m_1) & p(n+m_1+m_2)\\ p(n-k_1) & p(n) & p(n+m_2)\\ p(n-k_1-k_2) & p(n-k_2) & p(n-k_2+m_2) \end{vmatrix}>0. \end{equation*}

Based on this result, we will prove that for

n
≥
656

n\geq 656

,

det
 
(
p
(
n
−
i
+
j
)

)

1
≤
i
,
j
≤
4

>
0

\det \ (p(n-i+j))_{1\leq i,j\leq 4}>0

. Employing the same technique, we will show that determinants

(

p
¯

(
n
−
i
+
j
)

)

1
≤
i
,
j
≤
k

({\bar p}(n-i+j))_{1\leq i,j\leq k}

are positive for

k
=
3
 and 
4

k=3 \text { and } 4

for overpartition

p
¯

(
n
)

{\bar p}(n)

. Furthermore, we will give an outline of how to prove the positivity of

det
 
(
p
(
n
−
i
+
j
)

)

1
≤
i
,
j
≤
k

\det \ (p(n-i+j))_{1\leq i,j\leq k}

for general

k
k

.
In Vivo Investigation of the Biostimulatory and Rejuvenating Effects of Small-Particle Cross-linked Hyaluronic Acid Injections in Photoaged Human Skin
Authors: Hsieh Daniel Meng-Yen , Bi Xuechan , Zhong Shaomin , Wu Yan
Published: December 2022

Background

Injection of cross-linked hyaluronic acid (CLHA) has been traditionally utilized to treat wrinkles and provide volume. Recent studies have also shown that intradermal placement of CLHA provides lasting secondary effects and may be a useful method for improving skin appearance and physiology.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the biostimulatory effects and potential underlying mechanisms induced by repeated intradermal microinjections of small-particle cross-linked hyaluronic acid (SPCLHA) for skin rejuvenation.

Methods

Eight patients with photoaged forearm skin underwent three intradermal microinjections of SPCLHA and isotonic sodium chloride (control). At 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks, biophysical parameters were measured, and skin biopsies were obtained at 12 and 24 weeks for assessment employing histological and immunohistochemical analyses, transmission electron microscope, and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Results

SPCLHA treatments significantly improved skin appearance and physiologic functions starting at 8 weeks. Histologic examination revealed thickening of the epidermis, more red-stained collagen fibers in the dermis, and increased formation of blood vessels in SPCLHA-treated skin. Immunohistochemical evaluation showed increased collagen deposition, proliferation of keratinocytes and fibroblasts, and cutaneous vascularity in SPCLHA-treated skin compared with controls. Fibroblasts appeared morphologically stretched with well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum. Gene expression concerning various extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and growth factors was upregulated at 12 weeks and several genes remained upregulated at 24 weeks.

Conclusions

Intradermal microinjections of SPCLHA can stimulate production of collagen and other ECM components, restore the structural integrity of dermal microenvironment, and may be considered an effective method for skin rejuvenation.

Level of Evidence: 2
Academic training increases grounding of scientific concepts in experiential brain systems
Authors: Ulrich Martin , Harpaintner Marcel , Trumpp Natalie M , Berger Alexander , Kiefer Markus
Published: December 2022

Scientific concepts typically transcendent our sensory experiences. Traditional approaches to science education therefore assume a shift towards amodal or verbal knowledge representations during academic training. Grounded cognition approaches, in contrast, predict a maintenance of grounding of the concepts in experiential brain networks or even an increase. To test these competing approaches, the present study investigated the semantic content of scientific psychological concepts and identified the corresponding neural circuits using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in undergraduate psychology students (beginners) and in graduated psychologists (advanced learners). During fMRI scanning, participants were presented with words denoting scientific psychological concepts within a lexical decision task (e.g. “conditioning”, “habituation”). The individual semantic property content of each concept was related to brain activity during abstract concept processing. In both beginners and advanced learners, visual and motor properties activated brain regions also involved in perception and action, while mental state properties increased activity in brain regions also recruited by emotional–social scene observation. Only in advanced learners, social constellation properties elicited brain activity overlapping with emotional–social scene observation. In line with grounded cognition approaches, the present results highlight the importance of experiential information for constituting the meaning of abstract scientific concepts during the course of academic training.
Function without feeling: neural reactivity and intercommunication during flexible motor adjustments evoked by emotional and neutral stimuli
Authors: Kaiser Jakob , Gentsch Antje , Rodriguez-Manrique Daniela , Schütz-Bosbach Simone
Published: December 2022

Motor conflicts arise when we need to quickly overwrite prepotent behavior. It has been proposed that affective stimuli modulate the neural processing of motor conflicts. However, previous studies have come to inconsistent conclusions regarding the neural impact of affective information on conflict processing. We employed functional magnetic resonance imaging during a Go/Change-Go task, where motor conflicts were either evoked by neutral or emotionally negative stimuli. Dynamic causal modeling was used to investigate how motor conflicts modulate the intercommunication between the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the anterior insula (AI) as 2 central regions for cognitive control. Conflicts compared to standard actions were associated with increased BOLD activation in several brain areas, including the dorsal ACC and anterior insula. There were no differences in neural activity between emotional and non-emotional conflict stimuli. Conflicts compared to standard actions lowered neural self-inhibition of the ACC and AI and led to increased effective connectivity from the ACC to AI contralateral to the acting hand. Thus, our study indicates that neural conflict processing is primarily driven by the functional relevance of action-related stimuli, not their inherent affective meaning. Furthermore, it sheds light on the role of interconnectivity between ACC and AI for the implementation of flexible behavioral change.
Acute Type-A dissection in a 15-year-old Australian indigenous male – a case report
Authors: Rathnayake Ayeshmanthe , Chang Olivia , Mejia Rosauro
Published: December 2022

Acute Type-A Aortic Dissection is a rare but life-threatening surgical emergency in children and adolescents. Large series report up to 3.5% of cases under the age of 21 with many of these cases with known predisposing risk factors. Risk factors include congenital cardiovascular disorders, connective tissue disorders, hypertension, inflammatory aortic weakening and iatrogenic, pregnancy or trauma. Cases with no obvious predisposing risk factors are exceedingly rare with very few cases described in a limited number of studies.
TOR represses stress responses through global regulation of H3K27 trimethylation in plants
Authors: Dong Yihan , Uslu Veli V , Berr Alexandre , Singh Gaurav , Papdi Csaba , Steffens Victor A , Heitz Thierry , Ryabova Lyubov A
Published: December 2022

Target of rapamycin (TOR) functions as a central sensory hub linking a wide range of external stimuli to gene expression. The mechanisms underlying stimulus-specific transcriptional reprogramming by TOR remain elusive. Here, we describe an in silico analysis in Arabidopsis demonstrating that TOR-repressed genes are associated with either bistable or silent chromatin states. Both states regulated by the TOR signaling pathway are associated with a high level of histone H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) deposited by CURLY LEAF in a specific context with LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN1. The combination of the two epigenetic histone modifications H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 implicates a bistable feature that alternates between an ‘on’ and an ‘off’ state, allowing rapid transcriptional changes upon external stimuli. The chromatin remodeler SWI2/SNF2 ATPase BRAHMA activates TOR-repressed genes only at bistable chromatin domains to rapidly induce biotic stress responses. Here, we demonstrate both in silico and in vivo that TOR represses transcriptional stress responses through global maintenance of H3K27me3.
Rice circadian clock regulator Nhd1 controls the expression of the sucrose transporter geneOsSUT1and impacts carbon–nitrogen balance
Authors: Li Kangning , Tang Shuo , Zhang Shunan , Tian Yanghao , Qu Hongye , Gu Mian , Xu Guohua
Published: December 2022

Interdependent metabolic and transport processes of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) regulate plant growth and development, while the regulatory pathways remain poorly defined. We previously reported that rice circadian clock N-mediated heading date-1 (Nhd1) regulates growth duration-dependent N use efficiency. Here, we report that knockout of Nhd1 in rice reduced the rate of photosynthesis and the sucrose ratio of sheaths to blades, but increased the total C to N ratio and free amino acids. Leaf RNA-seq analysis indicated that mutation of Nhd1 dramatically altered expression of the genes linked to starch and sucrose metabolism, circadian rhythm, and amino acid metabolic pathways. We identified that Nhd1 can directly activate the transcriptional expression of sucrose transporter-1 (OsSUT1). Knockout of Nhd1 suppressed OsSUT1 expression, and both nhd1 and ossut1 mutants showed similar shorter height, and lower shoot biomass and sucrose concentration in comparison with the wild type, while overexpression of OsSUT1 can restore the defective sucrose transport and partially ameliorate the reduced growth of nhd1 mutants. The Nhd1-binding site of the OsSUT1 promoter is conserved in all known rice genomes. The positively related variation of Nhd1 and OsSUT1 expression among randomly selected indica and japonica varieties suggests a common regulatory module of Nhd1–OsSUT1-mediated C and N balance in rice.