MACROSCOPIC ASSESSMENT OF THE DYNAMICS OF THE WOUND PROCESS IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTED WOUNDS IN RATS USING THE IMMUNOMODULATOR "BLASTOMUNIL"
Authors: Khimich O. , Rautskis V.P. , Khimich S. , Pivtorak V. , Kryvonos M.I. 
Published: August 2024

It is known that wounds and their complications have always bothered humanity because many people have always died from various wounds. Although, nowadays, infected and purulent wounds are found everywhere, and scientific achievements in the treatment of wounds are significant, still the treatment of such wounds is still difficult and far from perfect. At the same time, the search for new ways of treating infected wounds is an urgent issue today.Aim. To carry out a macroscopic assessment of the dynamics of the wound process and to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of the immunomodulator "Blastomunil" in the treatment of infected wounds in rats.Material and methods. The experimental study was conducted in the conditions of the vivarium of the Vinnytsya National Medical University named after M.I. Pirogov. For the experimental work, 65 rats with a body weight of 180-200 g were taken, from which 6 groups of 10 animals each and group No. 7 (5 rats) were formed, which were not involved in the experiment, but blood was taken from them and they practically served as an observation group. All animals of groups I-VI were initially subjected to "ketamine anesthesia" by intramuscular injection of ketamine at the rate of 15 mg/kg of rat body weight. Under anesthesia, wounds of 1.5×1.5 cm were made in the interscapular area. After that, 0.2 ml of a microbial mixture of S. Aureus and P. Аureginosa was injected into the wounds of animals of all groups. The first group of animals was not treated; The II group of animals was treated from the 2nd day by a single intramuscular injection of 0.12 mg of Blastomunil; III group of animals was treated by local application of 0.12 mg Blastomunil to the wound; IV group of animals was treated by local application of 0.02% Decamethoxine (DCM); V group of animals was treated by local application of 0.02% DCM in combination with Blastomunil; animals of group VI at the beginning of the experiment were injected intramuscularly with 0.12 mg, and then a combination of 0.02% DCM and Blastomunil was applied daily locally. From the 1st to the 14th day, the animals were monitored, fed, body T0 measured, the condition of the wound was photographed with subsequent analysis, the animals' behavior was studied, and blood was taken.Results. Starting from the first day, the area of the wounds decreased from the first day to the 14th in all groups, although the rats in the first group felt significantly worse during the first five days than the animals in the other groups. This was manifested by hypodynamia, a decrease in response to sounds and light, as well as a decrease in appetite. At the same time, in animals of other groups, the appetite was good, and the behavior of the rats in the cages was active.Based on visual assessments, the following can be concluded. Contamination of the wound with a microbial mixture in a volume of 0.2 ml, which included S. Aureus and P. Аureginosa (dose 108 CFU/ml) was adequate, since the presence of a purulent-infectious process was achieved, and the reparative processes in animals of group 1 were the worst of all others. At the same time, even a single injection of Blastomunil intramuscularly gave a positive result, because the wound cleared faster and healed better than in the animals of group 1. Local use of Blastomunil accelerated wound healing and reparative processes compared to groups 1 and 2 and not inferior to these indicators in animals where only DCM was used (group 4). In addition, on the 14th day, the wound was completely healed in the animals of the 3rd group, and in the rats of the 4th, the remains of incomplete repair remained. The best macroscopic data were obtained in animals of groups 5 and 6, where wound healing was nearing completion starting from the 10th day. On the 14th day the wounds in the rats of these groups completely healed, epithelized and actively began to be covered with hair.Conclusion. Blastomunil has a positive effect on the wound process, which is manifested by faster wound cleaning, anti-inflammatory effect and reduction of the duration of the reparative process. Moreover, the best results are found when Blastomunil is used simultaneously with DCM.