bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tensor canonical correlation analysis
Authors: Min Eun Jeong , Chi Eric C. , Zhou Hua
Published: January 2020

Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is a multivariate analysis technique for estimating a linear relationship between two sets of measurements. Modern acquisition technologies, for example, those arising in neuroimaging and remote sensing, produce data in the form of multidimensional arrays or tensors. Classic CCA is not appropriate for dealing with tensor data due to the multidimensional structure and ultrahigh dimensionality of such modern data. In this paper, we present tensor CCA (TCCA) to discover relationships between two tensors while simultaneously preserving multidimensional structure of the tensors and utilizing substantially fewer parameters. Furthermore, we show how to employ a parsimonious covariance structure to gain additional stability and efficiency. We delineate population and sample problems for each model and propose efficient estimation algorithms with global convergence guarantees. Also we describe a probabilistic model for TCCA that enables the generation of synthetic data with desired canonical variates and correlations. Simulation studies illustrate the performance of our methods.
Efficient incorporation of fatigue damage constraints in wind turbine blade optimization
Authors: Ingersoll Bryce , Ning Andrew
Published: January 2020

Wind turbine design is a challenging multidisciplinary optimization problem, where the aerodynamic shapes, structural member sizing, and material composition must all be determined and optimized. Some previous blade design methods incorporate static loading with an added safety factor to account for dynamic effects. Others incorporate dynamic loading, but in general limit, the evaluation to a few design cases. By not fully incorporating the dynamic loading of the wind turbine, the final turbine blade design is either too conservative by overemphasizing the dynamic effects or infeasible by failing to adequately account for these effects. We propose an iterative method that estimates fatigue effects during the optimization process while quickly converging to the true solution. We also demonstrate an alternate approach where a surrogate model is trained to efficiently estimate the dynamic loading of the wind turbine in the design process. This surrogate model, once trained, was then incorporated in the optimization loop of the wind turbine blade. In contrast to the iterative method, there is significant upfront computational cost to construct the surrogate model. However, this surrogate model has been generalized to be used for different rated turbines and can predict the fatigue damage of a wind turbine with less than 5% error for baseline wind turbines of the same family. These methods can be used instead of the more computationally expensive method of calculating the dynamic loading of the turbine within the optimization routine.
Immunogenic cell death by neoadjuvant oxaliplatin and radiation protects against metastatic failure in high-risk rectal cancer
Authors: Bains Simer J. , Abrahamsson Hanna , Flatmark Kjersti , Dueland Svein , Hole Knut H. , Seierstad Therese , Redalen Kathrine Røe , Meltzer Sebastian , Ree Anne Hansen
Published: December 2019

Objective

High rates of systemic failure in locally advanced rectal cancer call for a rational use of conventional therapies to foster tumor-defeating immunity.

Methods

We analyzed the high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) protein, a measure of immunogenic cell death (ICD), in plasma sampled from 50 patients at the time of diagnosis and following 4 weeks of induction chemotherapy and 5 weeks of sequential chemoradiotherapy, both neoadjuvant modalities containing oxaliplatin. The patients had the residual tumor resected and were followed for long-term outcome.

Results

Patients who met the main study end point—freedom from distant recurrence—showed a significant rise in HMGB1 during the induction chemotherapy and consolidation over the chemoradiotherapy. The higher the ICD increase, the lower was the metastatic failure risk (hazard ratio 0.26, 95% confidence interval 0.11–0.62, P = 0.002). However, patients who received the full-planned oxaliplatin dose of the chemoradiotherapy regimen had poorer metastasis-free survival (P = 0.020) than those who had the oxaliplatin dose reduced to avert breach of the radiation delivery, which is critical to maintain efficient tumor cell kill and in the present case, probably also protected the ongoing radiation-dependent ICD response from systemic oxaliplatin toxicity.

Conclusion

The findings indicated that full-dose induction oxaliplatin followed by an adapted oxaliplatin dose that was compliant with full-intensity radiation caused induction and maintenance of ICD and as a result, durable disease-free outcome for a patient population prone to metastatic progression.
Single Gland, Ectopic Location: Adenomas are Common Causes of Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Rampp Robert D. , Mancilla Edna E. , Adzick N. Scott , Levine Michael A. , Kelz Rachel R. , Fraker Douglas L. , Iyer Pallavi , Lindeman Brenessa M. , Mejia Vicente A. , Chen Herbert , Wachtel Heather
Published: January 2020

Background

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in children and adolescents is uncommon. Data‐driven guidelines for management in pediatric patients are limited.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of all patients (1997–2017) with PHPT ≤ 21 years of age who underwent parathyroidectomy at three institutions. Clinical and demographic variables were analyzed. Primary operative outcome was cure (normocalcemia > 6 months after surgery); secondary outcome was operative success (intraoperative parathyroid hormone decrease of ≥ 50%).

Results

We identified 86 patients with a median age of 17 years (IQR: 14, 19); 64% (n = 55) were female. The mean preoperative serum calcium was 11.7 mg/dL, median parathyroid hormone (PTH) was 110 pg/mL, and median urine calcium was 4.1 mg/kg/24 h. Preoperatively, sestamibi scan localized in 41/71 patients (58%); neck ultrasound localized in 19/44 (43%). The most common pathology at surgery was a single ectopic parathyroid adenoma in 71% (n = 61). A high incidence of ectopic adenomas (25%, n = 22) was observed, most commonly intrathymic (n = 13), followed by tracheoesophageal groove (n = 5), carotid sheath (n = 2), and intrathyroidal (n = 2). Of 56 patients with retrievable data > 6 months postoperatively, cure was achieved in 55 of 56 patients (98%). One patient who presented to us with parathyromatosis require subsequent reoperation.

Conclusion

In this multi‐institutional series of PHPT in children and adolescents, the majority were sporadic PHPT and were due to a single adenoma. We observed a high incidence of ectopic parathyroid adenomas, most commonly intrathymic. Given the high risk for ectopic adenoma in pediatric patients, parathyroid surgery in children and adolescents should be performed by experienced surgeons.
Optimal Extensions of Conformal Mappings from the Unit Disk to Cardioid-Type Domains
Authors: Xu Haiqing
Published: January 2020

The conformal mapping $$f(z)=(z+1)^2 $$

f

(
z
)

=

(
z
+
1
)

2

from $${\mathbb {D}}$$
D
onto the standard cardioid has a homeomorphic extension of finite distortion to entire $${\mathbb {R}}^2 .$$

R

2

.

We study the optimal regularity of such extensions, in terms of the integrability degree of the distortion and of the derivatives, and these for the inverse. We generalize all outcomes to the case of conformal mappings from $${\mathbb {D}}$$
D
onto cardioid-type domains.
Smartphone-based cytometric biosensors for point-of-care cellular diagnostics
Authors: Zhang Shengwei , Li Zheng , Wei Qingshan
Published: January 2020

Analysis on a single-cell basis is both fundamental and meaningful in biomedical research and clinical practice. Flow cytometry is one of the most popular approaches in this field with broad applications in cell sorting, counting, and identification of rare cells. However, the complicated design and bulky size of conventional flow cytometry have restricted their applications mainly in centralized laboratories. With the recent development of smartphone devices, smartphone-based cytometry has been explored and tested for single-cell analysis. Compared with traditional cytometers, smartphone-based cytometric biosensors are more suitable for point-of-care (POC) uses, such as on-site disease diagnosis and personal health monitoring. In this review article, the history of traditional flow cytometry is introduced, and advances of smartphone-enabled cytometry are summarized in detail based on different working principles. Representative POC applications of smartphone cytometers are also discussed. The achievements demonstrated so far illustrate the potential of smartphone-based cytometric devices to transform single-cell measurement in general, with a significant impact in POC diagnostics, preventive medicine, and cell biology.
MRI detection of endolymphatic hydrops in Meniere's disease in 8 minutes using MIIRMR and a 20‐channel coil after targeted gadolinium delivery
Authors: Zou Jing , Wang Zhen , Chen Yukun , Zhang Guoping , Chen Luguang , Lu Jianping
Published: January 2020

Background

Endolymphatic hydrops (EH) become visible in vertigo patients, particularly in those with Meniere's disease (MD), in vivo using gadolinium‐enhanced MRI. However, the image quality is not satisfying after intravenous injection of gadolinium chelate (GdC), and occasional failure in GdC uptake has been noticed after traditional intratympanic injection. In the present report, targeted delivery of GdC and using a cost‐effective MRI system to obtain high quality images of EH in only 8 min will be introduced.

Methods

39 MD patients were recruited in the study. First, 0.1 ml of 20‐fold diluted gadolinium‐diethylenetriamine acid (Gd‐DTPA) was delivered onto the posterior upper part of the tympanic medial wall using a soft‐tipped micro‐irrigation catheter through an artificially perforated tympanic membrane. Inner ear MRI was performed 24 h after Gd‐DTPA administration using a 3T MR machine and a 20‐channel head/neck coil with an 8 min sequence of medium inversion time inversion recovery imaging with magnitude reconstruction (MIIRMR). The parameters were as follows: TR 16000 ms, TE 663 ms, inversion time 2700 ms, flip angle 180°, slices per slab 60.

Results

Efficient inner ear uptake of Gd‐DTPA was detected 24 h after delivery and it created excellent contrast in the inner ear of all cases. High quality images demonstrating EH in the vestibule and cochlea were obtained.

Conclusion

Targeted delivery of minimum Gd‐DTPA (0.1 ml, 20‐fold dilution) onto the posterior upper portion of the tympanic medial wall and MRI with MIIRMR in a 3T machine and 20‐channel head/neck coil are clinically practical to obtain high quality images displaying EH.
Incidence of depression in people with newly diagnosed tuberculosis in Ethiopia: a cohort study
Authors: Ambaw Fentie , Mayston Rosie , Hanlon Charlotte , Alem Atalay
Published: January 2020

Background

Cross-sectional studies show that the prevalence of comorbid depression in people with tuberculosis (TB) is high. The hypothesis that TB may lead to depression has not been well studied. Our objectives were to determine the incidence and predictors of probable depression in a prospective cohort of people with TB in primary care settings in Ethiopia.

Methods

We assessed 648 people with newly diagnosed TB for probable depression using Patient Health Questionnaire, nine-item (PHQ-9) at the time of starting their anti-TB medication. We defined PHQ-9 scores 10 and above as probable depression. Participants without baseline probable depression were assessed at 2 and 6 months to measure incidence of depression. Incidence rates per 1000-person months were calculated. Predictors of incident depression were identified using Poisson regression.

Results

Two hundred and ninety-nine (46.1%) of the participants did not have probable depression at baseline. Twenty-two (7.4%) and 26 (8.7%) developed depression at 2 and 6 months of follow up. The incidence rate of depression between baseline and 2 months was 73.6 (95% CI 42.8–104.3) and between baseline and 6 months was 24.2 (95% CI 14.9–33.5) per 1000 person-months respectively. Female sex (adjustedβ= 0.22; 95% CI 0.16–0.27) was a risk factor and perceived social support (adjustedβ= −0.14; 95% CI −0.24 to −0.03) was a protective factor for depression onset.

Conclusion

There was high incidence of probable depression in people undergoing treatment for newly diagnosed TB. The persistence and incidence of depression beyond 6 months need to be studied. TB treatment guidelines should have mental health component.
Comparison of surveillance and clinical cultures to measure the impact of infection control interventions on the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus in the hospital
Authors: Leekha Surbhi , O’Hara Lyndsay M. , Sbarra Alyssa , Li Shanshan , Harris Anthony D.
Published: January 2020

Objective:

To evaluate whether clinical cultures are an appropriate surrogate for surveillance cultures to measure the effect of interventions on the incidence of MRSA and VRE in the hospital.

Design:

Cross-sectional and quasi-experimental, retrospective analysis

Setting and population:

Convenience sample of patients admitted between January 1, 2002, and June 31, 2011, to the medical intensive care unit (MICU) and surgical intensive care unit (SICU) of an acute-care hospital in the United States.

Interventions:

Asynchronously in the MICU and SICU, we introduced (1) universal glove and gown use, (2) bundled intervention to prevent central-line–associated bloodstream infection, and (3) daily chlorhexidine gluconate bathing.

Results:

We observed a statistically significant correlation between surveillance and clinical culture-based incidence rates of MRSA in the MICU (0.32; P < .001) and the SICU (0.37; P < .001) but not for VRE in either the MICU (0.16, P = .11) or the SICU (0.15; P = .12). For VRE, but not for MRSA, incidence density rates based on surveillance cultures were 2- to 4-fold higher than for clinical cultures. When evaluating the impacts of the interventions, different effect estimates were noted for universal glove and gown use on MRSA acquisition in MICU, and for VRE acquisition in both the MICU and the SICU based on surveillance versus clinical cultures.

Conclusions:

For multidrug-resistant organism acquisition, surveillance cultures should be used when feasible because clinical cultures may not be an appropriate surrogate. Clinical or surveillance-based end points for infection control interventions should reflect the conceptual model from colonization to infection and where an intervention might have an effect, rather than considering them interchangeable.
A targeted assessment for prevention strategy to decrease Clostridioides difficile infections in Veterans Affairs acute-care medical centers
Authors: Roselle Gary A. , Evans Martin E. , Simbartl Loretta A. , McCauley Brian P. , Lipscomb Karen R. , Clifton Marla
Published: January 2020

Objective:

A guideline for the prevention of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in 127 Veterans Health Administration acute-care facilities was implemented in July 2012. Beginning in 2015, a targeted assessment for prevention strategy was used to evaluate facilities for hospital-onset healthcare-facility–associated CDIs to focus prevention efforts where they might have the most impact in reaching a reduction goal of 30% nationwide.

Methods:

We calculated standardized infection ratios (SIRs) and cumulative attributable differences (CADs) using a national data baseline. Facilities were ranked by CAD, and those with the 10 highest CAD values were targeted for periodic conference calls or a site visit from January 2016–September 2019.

Results:

The hospital-onset healthcare-facility–associated CDI rate in the 10 facilities with the highest CADs declined 56% during the process improvement period, compared to a 44% decline in the 117 nonintervention facilities (P = .03).

Conclusion:

Process improvement interventions targeting facilities ranked by CAD values may be an efficient strategy for decreasing CDI rates in a large healthcare system.
Entities also require relational coding and binding
Authors: Brady Timothy F. , Utochkin Igor S.
Published: January 2020

Although Bastin et al. propose a useful model for thinking about the structure of memory and memory deficits, their distinction between entities and relational encoding is incompatible with data showing that even individual objects – prototypical “entities” – are made up of distinct features which require binding. Thus, “entity” and “relational” brain regions may need to solve fundamentally the same problems.
Improving the integrative memory model by integrating the temporal dynamics of memory
Authors: Curot Jonathan , Barbeau Emmanuel J.
Published: January 2020

Despite highlighting the role of the attribution system and proposing a coherent large-scale architecture of declarative memory, the integrative memory model would be more “integrative” if the temporal dynamics of the interactions between its components was clarified. This is necessary to make predictions in patients with brain injury and hypothesize dissociations.
OP140 Adult Patient Access To Electronic Health Records
Authors: Schnell-Inderst Petra , Neyer Stefanie , Hörbst Alexander , Müller Gerhard , Siebert Uwe , Ammenwerth Elske
Published: December 2019

Introduction

In order to facilitate patient information, patient involvement, and to support patient-centered care, healthcare organizations are increasingly offering access to patient data that are stored in the institution-specific electronic health record (EHR). Patients can access these data, read, and print them, or download and integrate them into any type of patient-held record. This EHR access is typically web-based and called “patient portal” allowing the independent access via the Internet from everywhere. A patient portal may also offer additional features such as prescription requests, appointment booking, messaging, personal health-related reminders, individual therapeutic recommendations, personal diaries, and social networking with other patients. In a Cochrane review, we assessed the effects of providing access to EHR for adult patients on patient empowerment and health-related outcomes compared to usual care.

Methods

According to the methods of evidence-based medicine, we developed a protocol for a Cochrane review, which is published in the Cochrane database.

Results

We identified ten randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including 6,668 randomized participants. Seven RCTs took place in the USA, two in Canada, and one in Japan. Additional functionalities of interventions and disease conditions were heterogeneous. Three studies (n = 601) reported on patient empowerment. The risk differences reported were neither statistically significant nor clinically relevant. Eight studies (n = 2,070) reported on nine different risk factors (blood pressure, blood glucose, poor asthma control, 10-year Framingham risk score, cholesterol, body mass index, composite score of eight variables, intraocular pressure, composite score of three variables). The results were heterogeneous. Mostly there were no statistically significant risk differences between study groups.

Conclusions

Overall, there is no evidence for a clear positive effect of patient portals on patient empowerment and health related outcomes (mainly risk factors). However, we identified only a small number of studies. The usage of portals was often low and several studies were older.
MACROECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC AND EDUCATIONAL CHANGES IN POLAND AFTER 1990
Authors: Kolasa Aleksandra
Published: January 2020

Soon after the start of transition to a market economy in the early 1990s, Poland has experienced both a dramatic decline in the fertility rate and an increase in the share of students among young high-school graduates. These two processes significantly changed the age structure of population and average income characteristics of households. Using a general equilibrium model with heterogeneous households and uninsured income shocks, I try to assess the impact of these changes on the Polish economy as a whole and inequalities within it. I find that, in the long term, the positive effects of the educational change on output per capita will more than offset the negative impact of lower fertility. I also show that the educational change increases income and consumption inequalities, while the fertility change decreases inequality in assets.
Taller but thinner: trends in child anthropometry in Senegal, 1990–2015
Authors: Garenne Michel
Published: January 2020

Objective:

To investigate trends in child anthropometry in Senegal between 1990 and 2015 and relate them with potential causes. Several hypotheses were tested: changes in health status, income, diet and socio-economic status.

Design:

Statistical analysis of trends in anthropometric data: height, weight, BMI and associated Z-scores calculated with the CDC-2000 standard (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention): height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ) and weight-for-height (WHZ). Trends were fitted with linear regression models and were related with changes in health and socio-economic status.

Setting:

Nine nationally representative samples of Senegalese children aged 12–59 months, taken between 1986 and 2017 by Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS).

Participants:

Children aged 12–59 months.

Results:

Over the 25 years of investigation, the average height of children increased by +1·88 cm, their average weight by +0·10 kg, but their BMI decreased by −0·53 kg/m2. Corresponding changes expressed in Z-scores were +0·454 in HAZ, +0·109 in WAZ and −0·302 in WHZ. This pattern of decreasing stunting while increasing wasting was correlated with decreasing child mortality, despite small changes in income per capita and in adult heights or BMI. Largest improvements in HAZ were among the lower socio-economic strata, while largest declines in WHZ were among higher socio-economic strata.

Conclusions:

Decline in stunting appeared associated primarily with the control of infectious diseases, also responsible for the mortality decline. Increase in wasting was surprising. It appears associated with small changes in income per capita, and therefore in diet, in a context of increasing height.
Refractive Index for Asian Dust in the Ultraviolet‐Visible Region Determined From Compositional Analysis and Validated With OMI Observations
Authors: Lee Kwang‐Mog , Choi Haklim , Kim Jhoon
Published: January 2020

Asian dust aerosols consist of various minerals, such as quartz, clay minerals, feldspars, and calcite. Complex refractive index of Asian dust is determined for a spectral range from 0.2 to 1.0 μm, assuming that the particles are an internal mixture of the component minerals in dust samples reported in previous literature. The derived optical constants for Asian dust are quite different from the refractive indices for other desert dusts. The imaginary refractive index for Asian dust is much smaller than that of the “mineral” model in Optical Properties of Aerosols and Clouds (OPAC) across the whole range. At wavelengths shorter than 650 nm, the present imaginary index is smaller than the index for Saharan dust, determined from mineralogical compositions of dust samples at Tinfou, Morocco, during the Saharan Mineral Dust Experiment (SAMUM). The simulated spectrum for an Asian dust event on 15 March 2009 in north‐east China using the present optical constants agree well with the spectrum measured by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on board the Aura spacecraft.
Ferroelectric Tunneling Junctions Based on Aluminum Oxide/ Zirconium-Doped Hafnium Oxide for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Ryu Hojoon , Wu Haonan , Rao Fubo , Zhu Wenjuan
Published: December 2019

Ferroelectric tunneling junctions (FTJs) with tunable tunneling electroresistance (TER) are promising for many emerging applications, including non-volatile memories and neurosynaptic computing. One of the key challenges in FTJs is the balance between the polarization value and the tunneling current. In order to achieve a sizable on-current, the thickness of the ferroelectric layer needs to be scaled down below 5 nm. However, the polarization in these ultra-thin ferroelectric layers is very small, which leads to a low tunneling electroresistance (TER) ratio. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a new type of FTJ based on metal/Al2O3/Zr-doped HfO2/Si structure. The interfacial Al2O3 layer and silicon substrate enable sizable TERs even when the thickness of Zr-doped HfO2 (HZO) is above 10 nm. We found that F-N tunneling dominates at read voltages and that the polarization switching in HZO can alter the effective tunneling barrier height and tune the tunneling resistance. The FTJ synapses based on Al2O3/HZO stacks show symmetric potentiation/depression characteristics and widely tunable conductance. We also show that spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) can be harnessed from HZO based FTJs. These novel FTJs will have high potential in non-volatile memories and neural network applications.
Conversion of triphenylphosphine oxide to organophosphorus via selective cleavage of C-P, O-P, and C-H bonds with sodium
Authors: Zhang Jian-Qiu , Ye Jingjing , Huang Tianzeng , Shinohara Hiroyuki , Fujino Hiroyoshi , Han Li-Biao
Published: January 2020

For over half a century, thousands of tons of triphenylphosphine oxide Ph3P(O) have been produced every year from the chemical industries as a useless chemical waste. Here we disclose efficient transformations of Ph3P(O) with cheap resource-abundant metallic sodium finely dispersed in paraffin oil. Ph3P(O) can be easily and selectively transformed to three reactive organophosphorus intermediates—sodium diphenylphosphinite, sodium 5H-benzo[b]phosphindol-5-olate and sodium benzo[b]phosphindol-5-ide—that efficiently give the corresponding functional organophosphorus compounds in good yields. These functional organophosphorus compounds are difficult to prepare but highly industrially useful compounds. This may allow Ph3P(O) to be used as a precious starting material for highly valuable phosphorus compounds.
High-throughput quantitative top-down proteomics
Authors: Cupp-Sutton Kellye A. , Wu Si
Published: January 2020

Application of quantitative methods to top-down mass spectrometry has illustrated the importance of proteoforms and proteoform abundance in biological systems.
A chemo-enzymatic tandem reaction in a mixture of deep eutectic solvent and water in continuous flow
Authors: Grabner Bianca , Schweiger Anna K. , Gavric Kristian , Kourist Robert , Gruber-Woelfler Heidrun
Published: January 2020

Deep eutectic solvent (DES) enables drastic increase in substrate solubility and solvent compatibility of a chemo-enzymatic two-step flow process combining enzymatic decarboxylation and Pd-catalyzed Heck coupling.
Triboelectric nanogenerators for a macro-scale blue energy harvesting and self-powered marine environmental monitoring system
Authors: Chen Huamin , Xing Chao , Li Yuliang , Wang Jun , Xu Yun
Published: January 2020

TENG is not only a promising candidate for harvesting blue energy, but also an indispensable picture puzzle in intelligent ocean.
Seamless transfer scheme for parallel PV inverter system
Authors: Zhang Wei , Liu Hongpeng , Wang Wei , Loh Poh Chiang
Published: January 2020

Most grid‐connected inverters can operate in both grid‐connected and islanded modes with usually different control schemes adopted in each mode. The control schemes, if noticeably complex and different, can result in inrush currents and voltage distortions at instants of mode transfer. An existing grid‐connected form of droop control has hence been developed from the usual islanded droop control to better streamline the transfer. However, the grid‐connected droop control does not regulate the grid current directly, causing it to distort by grid voltage harmonics and respond slower during a transient. The motivation here is thus to propose another highly unified droop control scheme that can regulate the grid current directly with a transfer dynamic lasting only two fundamental cycles. This is in addition to the usual targets of seamless transfer and proper power sharing among the islanded inverters. The hypothetical approach followed is to reformulate the grid‐connected and islanded control schemes, so that mode transfer can simply be treated as a normal change of voltage reference, rather than an inner change of control structure. The final unified scheme has been tested in simulation and experiments with results apparently confirming its precise grid‐current regulation, islanded voltage regulation and seamless mode transfer within two fundamental cycles.
MANTIS: A real-time quantitative multispectral imaging system for fusion plasmas
Authors: Perek A. , Vijvers W. A. J. , Andrebe Y. , Classen I. G. J. , Duval B. P. , Galperti C. , Harrison J. R. , Linehan B. L. , Ravensbergen T. , Verhaegh K. , de Baar M. R. ,   TCV,   EUROfusion MST1 Teams
Published: December 2019

This work presents a novel, real-time capable, 10-channel Multispectral Advanced Narrowband Tokamak Imaging System installed on the TCV tokamak, MANTIS. Software and hardware requirements are presented together with the complete system architecture. The image quality of the system is assessed with emphasis on effects resulting from the narrowband interference filters. Some filters are found to create internal reflection images that are correlated with the filters’ reflection coefficient. This was measured for selected filters where significant absorption (up to 65% within ∼70 nm of the filter center) was measured. The majority of this was attributed to the filter’s design, and several filters’ performance is compared. Tailored real-time algorithms exploiting the system’s capabilities are presented together with benchmarks comparing polling and event based synchronization. The real-time performance is demonstrated with a density ramp discharge performed on TCV. The behavior of spectral lines’ emission from different plasma species and their interpretation are qualitatively described.
Three-dimensional vortical structures and wall shear stress in a curved artery model
Authors: Cox Christopher , Najjari Mohammad Reza , Plesniak Michael W.
Published: December 2019

We numerically investigate spatial and temporal evolution of multiple three-dimensional vortex pairs in a curved artery model under a fully developed pulsatile inflow of a Newtonian blood-analog fluid. We discuss the connection along the axial direction between regions of organized vorticity observed at various cross sections of the model, extending previous two-dimensional analysis. We model a human artery with a simple, rigid 180° curved pipe with circular cross section and constant curvature, neglecting effects of taper, torsion, and elasticity. Numerical results are computed from a discontinuous high-order spectral element flow solver using the flux reconstruction scheme and compared to experimental results obtained using particle image velocimetry. The flow rate used in both the simulation and the experiment is physiological. Vortical structures resulting from secondary flow are observed in various cross sections of the curved pipe, in particular, during the deceleration phase of the physiological waveform. We provide side-by-side comparisons of the numerical and experimental velocity and vorticity fields during acceleration and deceleration, the latter during which multiple vortical structures of both Dean-type and Lyne-type coexist. Correlations and quantitative comparisons of the data at these cross sections are computed along with trajectories of Dean-type vortices. Comparing cross-sectional flow fields and vortices provides a means to validate wall shear stress values computed from these numerical simulations, since the evolution of interior flow structures is heavily dependent upon geometry curvature and inflow and boundary conditions.
Magnetostatic spin-waves in an yttrium iron garnet thin film: Comparison between theory and experiment for arbitrary field directions
Authors: Lim Jinho , Bang Wonbae , Trossman Jonathan , Amanov Dovran , Tsai C. C. , Jungfleisch Matthias B. , Hoffmann Axel , Ketterson John B.
Published: December 2019

Using a multielement antenna, we have performed measurements of the angular dependence of propagating magnetostatic spin waves in a thin yttrium iron garnet film, both in-plane and out-of-plane, and compared the measurements with existing theoretical models. For most magnetic field directions, theory and experiments agree reasonably well. However, there is a range of magnetic field directions where differences between theory and experiment become large.
Study of second and third harmonic generation from an indium tin oxide nanolayer: Influence of nonlocal effects and hot electrons
Authors: Rodríguez-Suné L. , Scalora M. , Johnson A. S. , Cojocaru C. , Akozbek N. , Coppens Z. J. , Perez-Salinas D. , Wall S. , Trull J.
Published: January 2020

We report comparative experimental and theoretical studies of the second and third harmonic generation from a 20 nm-thick indium tin oxide layer in proximity of the epsilon-near-zero condition. Using a tunable optical parametric amplifier, we record both spectral and angular dependence of the generated harmonic signals close to this particular point. In addition to the enhancement of the second harmonic efficiency close to the epsilon-near-zero wavelength, at oblique incidence, third harmonic generation displays an unusual behavior, predicted but not observed before. We implement a comprehensive, first-principles hydrodynamic approach able to simulate our experimental conditions. The model is unique, flexible, and able to capture all major physical mechanisms that drive the electrodynamic behavior of conductive oxide layers: nonlocal effects, which blueshift the epsilon-near-zero resonance by tens of nanometers; plasma frequency redshift due to variations of the effective mass of hot carriers; charge density distribution inside the layer, which determines the nonlinear surface and magnetic interactions; and the nonlinearity of the background medium triggered by bound electrons. We show that, by taking these contributions into account, our theoretical predictions are in very good qualitative and quantitative agreement with our experimental results. We expect that our results can be extended to other geometries where epsilon-near-zero nonlinearity plays an important role.
Influence of non-Newtonian power law rheology on inertial migration of particles in channel flow
Authors: Hu Xiao , Lin Jianzhong , Chen Dongmei , Ku Xiaoke
Published: January 2020

In this paper, the inertial migration of particles in the channel flow of power-law fluid is numerically investigated. The effects of the power-law index (n), Reynolds number (Re), blockage ratio (k), and channel aspect ratio (AR) on the inertial migration of particles and equilibrium position are explored. The results show that there exist two stages of particle migration and four stable equilibrium positions for particles in the cross section of a square channel. The particle equilibrium positions in a rectangular channel are much different from those in a square channel. In shear-thinning fluids, the long channel face equilibrium position and two kinds of particle trajectories are found at low Re. With increasing Re, the short channel face equilibrium position turns to be stable, multiequilibrium positions, and three kinds of particle trajectories along the long wall start to form. Only two stable equilibrium positions exist in shear-thickening fluids. The equilibrium positions are getting closer to the channel centerline with increasing n and k and with decreasing Re. The inertial focusing length L2 in the second stage of particle migration is much longer than inertial focusing length L1 in the first stage. In the square channel, L2 is decreased with increasing Re and k and with decreasing n. In the rectangular channel, L2 is the shortest in the shear-thinning fluid.
Low-Temperature Features of the Micromechanical Properties of Polystyrene
Authors: Rusakova H. V. , Fomenko L. S. , Lubenets S. V. , Natsik V. D.
Published: December 2019

The microindentation of thin polystyrene plates, which is an amorphous linear thermoplastic polymer with a glass transition temperature Tg ≈ 373 K, was carried out in the 77–295 K temperature range. A decrease in the temperature from 295 K to 140 K generated a two-fold linear increase in microhardness, which is in good agreement with the temperature dependence of the forced elasticity limit of polystyrene measured by other authors during uniaxial compression deformation. At temperatures of T = 77–140 K the local deformation of polystyrene was reversible: during heating to room temperature the impressions on the sample surface disappeared completely. Partial deformation reversibility was observed upon indentation in the temperature range of 140–190 K, but at indentation temperatures T > 190 K the impressions remained. The microstrain reversibility of polystyrene in nitrogen at, and close to, 77 K is due to the effect of the adsorption-active medium on the formation of crazes (fibrillar-porous nanostructures), the glass transition temperature of which is tens of degrees below that of bulk polymer.
Mechanistic insights into the interactions of dynein regulator Ndel1 with neuronal ankyrins and implications in polarity maintenance
Authors: Ye Jin , Li Jianchao , Ye Fei , Zhang Yan , Zhang Mingjie , Wang Chao
Published: December 2019

Ankyrin-G (AnkG), a highly enriched scaffold protein in the axon initial segment (AIS) of neurons, functions to maintain axonal polarity and the integrity of the AIS. At the AIS, AnkG regulates selective intracellular cargo trafficking between soma and axons via interaction with the dynein regulator protein Ndel1, but the molecular mechanism underlying this binding remains elusive. Here we report that Ndel1’s C-terminal coiled-coil region (CT-CC) binds to giant neuron-specific insertion regions present in both AnkG and AnkB with 2:1 stoichiometry. The high-resolution crystal structure of AnkB in complex with Ndel1 CT-CC revealed the detailed molecular basis governing the AnkB/Ndel1 complex formation. Mechanistically, AnkB binds with Ndel1 by forming a stable 5-helix bundle dominated by hydrophobic interactions spread across 6 distinct interaction layers. Moreover, we found that AnkG is essential for Ndel1 accumulation at the AIS. Finally, we found that cargo sorting at the AIS can be disrupted by blocking the AnkG/Ndel1 complex formation using a peptide designed based on our structural data. Collectively, the atomic structure of the AnkB/Ndel1 complex together with studies of cargo sorting through the AIS establish the mechanistic basis for AnkG/Ndel1 complex formation and for the maintenance of axonal polarity. Our study will also be valuable for future studies of the interaction between AnkB and Ndel1 perhaps at distal axonal cargo transport.
Multiple Lagrange stability and Lyapunov asymptotical stability of delayed fractional-order Cohen–Grossberg neural networks*
Authors: Huang Yu-Jiao , Yuan Xiao-Yan , Yang Xu-Hua , Long Hai-Xia , Xiao Jie
Published: January 2020

This paper addresses the coexistence and local stability of multiple equilibrium points for fractional-order Cohen–Grossberg neural networks (FOCGNNs) with time delays. Based on Brouwer’s fixed point theorem, sufficient conditions are established to ensure the existence of

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equilibrium points for FOCGNNs. Through the use of Hardy inequality, fractional Halanay inequality, and Lyapunov theory, some criteria are established to ensure the local Lagrange stability and the local Lyapunov asymptotical stability of

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equilibrium points for FOCGNNs. The obtained results encompass those of integer-order Hopfield neural networks with or without delay as special cases. The activation functions are nonlinear and nonmonotonic. There could be many corner points in this general class of activation functions. The structure of activation functions makes FOCGNNs could have a lot of stable equilibrium points. Coexistence of multiple stable equilibrium points is necessary when neural networks come to pattern recognition and associative memories. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained results.
The E × B drift instability in Hall thruster using 1D PIC/MCC simulation
Authors: Asadi Zahra , Sharifian Mehdi , Hashemzadeh Mojtaba , Zarandi Mahmood Borhani , Marzdashti Hamidreza Ghomi
Published: January 2020

The E × B drift instability is studied in Hall thruster using one-dimensional particle in cell (PIC) simulation method. By using the dispersion relation, it is found that unstable modes occur only in discrete bands in k space at cyclotron harmonics. The results indicate that the number of unstable modes increases by increasing the external electric field and decreases by increasing the radial magnetic field. The ion mass does not affect the instability wavelength. Furthermore, the results confirm that there is an instability with short wavelength and high frequency. Finally, it is shown that the electron and ion distribution functions deviate from the initial state and eventually the instability is saturated by ion trapping in the azimuthal direction. Also for light mass ion, the frequency and phase velocity are very high that could lead to high electron mobility in the axial direction.
Image Registration of Infrared and Visible Image Based on Geometric Constraint
Authors: Wang Juan , Cheng Kaiwen , Ke Cong , Liu Min , Cai Linkang , Shi Hao
Published: December 2019

With the wide application of infrared sensors and visible sensors, the registration of two heterogeneous images has caused widespread concern. Multi-angle comprehensive analysis of multi-sensor imaging systems can obtain more accurate image information. However, the main challenge of image registration is the detection of feature points and the acquisition of the correct feature point matching pairs. A Geometric constraint method is proposed to obtain the correct feature matching pairs. Three feature point matching pairs are randomly selected in the two images, and the ratio of the corresponding line segment lengths is obtained according to the coordinates of the three feature points to find the most three similar feature point matching pairs. Compared with the RANSAC algorithm, the method can obtain the correct feature point matching pair better. The algorithm runs on the DSP platform for about 30s, the error is 1 pixel, and the correct rate reaches 80%.
A Low Complexity Robust Adaptive Beamforming Method with Orthogonality Constraint
Authors: Zhao Bin , Yang Jia
Published: December 2019

Performance of many adaptive beamforming methods degrades when antenna array steering vector mismatch exists and popular optimization-based methods suffer from heavy computation complexity. In this paper, we investigate robust adaptive beamforming technique with low complexity. An optimization problem is constructed based on orthogonality constraint instead of conventional norm constraint; therefore, semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation is avoided. We present the approach to obtain closed-form solution by imposing Lagrange multiplier methodology. Numerical experiments demonstrate that proposed low complexity method outperforms other previously developed beamforming methods and reduces computation time significantly.
Evolution of urban construction land structure in Henan Province based on information entropy and equilibrium model
Authors: Lu Chunyang , Wen Feng , Yang Kaidong , Duan Linyun
Published: December 2019

The paper aims to accurately identify the evolution characteristics of urban land use structure in Henan Province, clarify the current situation and problems of urban land use structure, and provide reference and basis for the optimization of urban land use structure and urban land allocation. Statistical analysis, comparative analysis, information entropy, equilibrium and dominance were used. From 2007 to 2016, the urban construction land area in Henan Province showed an overall upward trend; from 2007 to 2016, the per capita construction land area in Henan Province showed an overall upward - downward - upward trend. From 2007 to 2016, the information entropy, equilibrium and dominance curves of urban land use structure in Henan Province are in a stable state, which shows that the change of urban land use structure tends to be gentle, the overall fluctuation range is not large, and all types of land are relatively uniform. To a certain extent, it can show that urban land development in Henan Province is relatively mature. In the structure of urban construction land in Henan Province, the proportion of residential land is the highest, and its area and proportion are increasing year by year. This is closely related to the increase of urban population. The proportion of industrial land is higher, but it decreases year by year. The land for urban green space, square and road traffic facilities is increasing year by year, and others. Although the land use area of different types is increasing year by year, the proportion of structure is decreasing year by year, and the urban land use structure of Henan Province is in the stage of continuous adjustment.
Comparative analysis for rock slope stability with different constitutive models of rock materials
Authors: Yu H , Li S J
Published: December 2019

Based on the principle of reducing shear strength of rock materials, a rock slope stability with different constitutive models of rock materials is performed by using finite element method. The safety factor of rock slope stability is computed based on convergence property of elastic-plastic numerical simulations by reducing shear strength of rock materials until the numerical computing is divergent or plastic zone is connected. Three kinds of Drucker-Prager yield criterions with different yield surfaces are utilized to investigate the influence of yield criterions with different yield surfaces to safety factor of rock slope stability. The investigation shows that the computed safety factors of rock slope stability by using Drucker-Prager yield criterions with different yield surfaces are approximately equal. The maximum relative error for safety factors is less 10% by using different Drucker-Prager yield criterions.
Prevention and control on urban NIMBY caused by nuclear facilities in China
Authors: Liu Jiu
Published: December 2019

In order to improve the energy structure and the air quality, China has made every effort to develop civil nuclear industry and establish some nuclear facilities. Due to the potential radioactivity of nuclear facilities, the location and construction of the facilities will cause dissatisfaction and panic of the surrounding residents, resulting in “Not in My Backyard (NIMBY)” incidents. This paper will analyze the reasons for the NIMBY incidents, which are inadequate and not timely disclosure of information for residents, the lack of relevant education and compensation mechanism with legal analytical methods. Therefore, the prevention and control methods of such NIMBY incidents should be put forward: Governmental departments and operators of nuclear facilities should adhere to scientific and democratic decision of location selection and construction, and establish proper compensation mechanism for the residents nearby.