bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REGIONAL ASPECTS OF BANKING SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT IN CASE OF WESTERN BORDER AREAS OF UKRAINE
Authors: Yunko O. M.
Published: December 2015

One of the key factors to ensure the proper development of regions is the functioning of banking institutions in them. It is bank as an independent financial institution, accumulating temporarily free funds of legal entities and the population, by active operations creates serious infusion into the economy of the region in the form of investment, financing some separate areas of the business entities economy. The regional banking system affects the whole region development, thereby creating the conditions for active investment, ensuring adequate financing of companies, and thus increasing production and employment and, consequently, improving people's lives level. With the expansion of the European Union the western border of Ukraine acquired a new meaning. Therefore, was analyzed the state of the banking sector in western border regions of Ukraine and were examined existing regional disparities in the development of the regional banking system. The results of empirical analysis of the process are given. The recommendations on the development of the credit market of Western Ukrainian region are provided.
ПОРІВНЯННЯ ФІНАНСОВОЇ СТІЙКОСТІ БАНКІВСЬКИХ СИСТЕМ КРАЇН ЄВРОПИ
Authors: Tkachenko O. O.
Published: December 2015

У статті здійснено порівняння фінансової стійкості банківських систем країн Європи на основі застосування найбільш вживаних підходів до оцінювання її рівня; визначено основні тенденції зміни рівня фінансової стійкості банківських систем в даних країнах протягом останніх років; проаналізовано поточні заходи з боку державних органів та регуляторів в країнах Європи, спрямовані на підвищення рівня фінансової стійкості банківської системи.
ОБЛІКОВО-АНАЛІТИЧНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ БЕЗПЕКИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ НА РИНКУ АНТИКВАРІАТУ (ДОСВІД ЕКСПЕРТНОГО ОПИТУВАННЯ)
Authors: Shvets V. E. , Demkiv K. S.
Published: December 2015

Однією з прогалин обліково-аналітичного забезпечення в Україні є діяльність підприємств на ринку антикваріату. На прикладі результатів експертного опитування розкрито сутність, роль і значення предметів антикваріату для потреб обліку в контексті посилення безпеки діяльності підприємств та збереження історико-культурної спадщини.
АНАЛІЗ СУЧАСНИХ КОНЦЕПЦІЙ БРЕНД-КАПІТАЛУ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВІ
Authors: Shvets O. O.
Published: December 2015

В статті дані визначення бренд-капіталу як економічної категорії та активу підприємства. Проведено ідентифікацію його складових елементів. З'ясовано зміст етапів формування та принципів управління бренд-капіталом, що допоможе малим та середнім підприємствам краще розуміти та знаходити шляхи успішного менеджменту такого активу, як бренд-капітал.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ КОМЕРЦІАЛІЗАЦІЇ ОБ’ЄКТІВ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЇ ВЛАСНОСТІ НА ВІТЧИЗНЯНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВАХ
Authors: Shushakova I. K.
Published: December 2015

У статті уточнено економічну сутність комерціалізації та розроблено концептуальні засади реалізації процесу комерціалізації об’єктів інтелектуальної власності. Охарактеризовано основні способи комерціалізації об’єктів інтелектуальної власності та запропоновано класифікувати їх за двома ознаками. Запропоновано шляхи вирішення актуальних питань з боку державного регулювання та стимулювання комерціалізації об’єктів інтелектуальної власності у приватному секторі.
УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ІДЕНТИФІКАЦІЇ КЛІЄНТІВ ПІД ЧАС ДИСТАНЦІЙНОГО БАНКІВСЬКОГО ОБСЛУГОВУВАННЯ
Authors: Sapon R. V. , Shamov S. O.
Published: December 2015

В статті розглянуто актуальні проблеми, пов’язані з вивченням клієнтів банку, зокрема з процесом їх ідентифікації, під час дистанційного банківського обслуговування Проаналізовано можливості використання банками України досвіду іноземних банків. Запропоновано розширення системи заходів щодо отримання клієнтської інформації та удосконалену модель дистанційного банківського обслуговування.
МЕХАНІЗМ УПРАВЛІННЯ ФІНАНСОВО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОЮ БЕЗПЕКОЮ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА ТА ЙОГО ОСНОВНІ СКЛАДОВІ
Authors: Orlyk O. V.
Published: December 2015

У статті розглянуто сутність фінансово-економічної безпеки та її місце в системі економічної безпеки підприємства. Досліджено механізм управління фінансово-економічною безпекою підприємства, визначено структуру і зміст його основних складових, дано їх загальну характеристику. Обґрунтовано, що виконання завдань і функцій системи фінансово-економічної безпеки здійснюється у разі дотримання певних принципів та застосування ряду методів управління фінансово-економічною безпекою підприємства.
СТАН ТА НАПРЯМИ ПОКРАЩЕННЯ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНОЇ ПРИВАБЛИВОСТІ ЧЕРКАСЬКОГО РЕГІОНУ
Authors: Kuksa V. M.
Published: December 2015

В статті проаналізовано стан Черкаського області щодо залучення інвестиційних ресурсів в регіон. Досліджено сильні та слабкі сторони інвестиційної привабливості області. Визначено загрози та запропоновано напрями покращення інвестиційних можливостей Черкаської області.
МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЙ ПОДХОД К ОЦЕНКЕ СОСТОЯНИЯ ПРОЕКТОВ И ПРОГРАММ МЕЖРЕГИОНАЛЬНОГО ПРИГРАНИЧНОГО СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВА
Authors: Pavlov K. V. , Andreeva I. G. , Sapryka V. A. , Shmigirilova L. N.
Published: December 2015

Для оценки процессов межрегионального приграничного сотрудничества необходимо внедрение современных методов, позволяющих оценить эффективность реализуемых программ и проектов на территории приграничных регионов. В настоящей статье представлены основы методики оценки состояния проектов и программ межрегионального приграничного сотрудничества, сформулированы основные принципы оценки, ее критерии, определены возможные показатели оценки эффективности проектов и программ межрегионального приграничного сотрудничества.
СТРУКТУРНІ ПЕРЕТВОРЕННЯ НА РИНКУ КУРОРТНИХ ПОСЛУГ В УМОВАХ СУЧАСНИХ ЗАГРОЗ БЕЗПЕЦІ ЛЮДСЬКОГО РОЗВИТКУ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Gumeniuk V. V.
Published: December 2015

У статті розглянуто питання нестійкого, хаотичного розвитку санаторно-курортної сфери у взаємозв’язку із проблемами безпеки людського розвитку в Україні.  Проведено аналіз структурної організації галузевого ринку курортних послуг у реаліях змішаної моделі національної економіки. Окреслено заходи державного регулювання економіки, спрямовані на формування  ефективної структури внутрішнього ринку курортних послуг.
Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences (CJES)
Authors: Index Referees
Published: December 2015

Referees Index
The academicians listed below have acted as referees since December 2015 for manuscripts in which the review process of which have been completed, as well as for those paper submissions which have been cancelled by the authors for some reason and for those that have been rejected. The editorial board members are grateful to all referees who have contributed to Cypriot Journal of Educational
Table of Contents
Authors: Contents Table of
Published: December 2015

From the EditorAssoc. Prof. Dr. Fezile Ozdamli Teachers' beliefs and technology use in kindergarten and elementary classroomsMajedah Fawzi Abu Al Rub149-156 Understanding students’ satisfaction and continuance intention of e-learning: Application of expectation–confirmation modelForouzan Rezaeian Tiyar, Hooshang Khoshsima157-166 Advantages of using webquests in Efl Classes in A Technical UniversityMarina Valeryevna Kuimova, Maksim Anatolyevich Golousenko, Denis Sergeevich Nikiforov, Vladislav Vladimirovich167-171 On the implementation of critical pedagogy in english language institutes in IranSaeed Mehrpour, Afsaneh Baharloo172-185 Examining the instructors’computer self-efficacy perceptionsAli Semerci, Hafize Keser186-198
Soil Inorganic Carbon Accumulation in Sand Putting Green Soils: I. Field Relationships among Climate, Irrigation Water Quality, and Soil Properties
Authors: Obear Glen R. , Soldat Douglas J.
Published: December 2015

There is a widely‐held belief in the turfgrass industry that irrigating with water high in bicarbonate will result in carbonate accumulation in the soil, despite a lack of evidence for this claim. While water quality problems are traditionally associated with arid regions, water quality recommendations are being applied to more humid regions where there is a lack of research to correlate water chemistry with soil properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships among soil properties, climate, and irrigation water quality for golf courses across the United States. This study examines the vertical distribution of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) in 28 sand putting green soils across a range of geographic locations and climates. Soils below a pH of 7.8 had very little inorganic carbon, and soils above this pH had variable levels of inorganic carbon. There was no relationship between SIC and the estimated bicarbonate load from irrigation water, mean annual precipitation (MAP), or annual potential evapotranspiration (ETp). Our findings from this study do not provide evidence that bicarbonate from irrigation will cause formation of layers or zones of accumulation in putting green soils, contrary to this widely‐held belief in the turfgrass industry.
Streamflow prediction in ungauged basins by regressive regionalization: a case study in Huai River Basin, China
Authors: Song Jiyun , Xia Jun , Zhang Liping , Wang Zhi-Hua , Wan Hui , She Dunxian
Published: December 2015

Streamflow information is of great significance for flood control, water resources utilization and management, ecological services, etc. Continuous streamflow prediction in ungauged basins remains a challenge, mainly due to data paucity and environmental changes. This study focuses on the modification of a nonlinear hydrological system approach known as the time variant gain model and the development of a regressive method based on the modified approach. This method directly correlates rainfall to runoff through physically based mathematical transformations without requiring additional information of evaporation or soil moisture. Also, it contains parsimonious parameters that can be derived from watershed properties. Both characteristics make this method suitable for practical uses in ungauged basins. The Huai River Basin of China was selected as the study area to test the regressive method. The results show that the proposed methodology provides an effective way to predict streamflow of ungauged basins with reasonable accuracy by incorporating regional watershed information (soil, land use, topography, etc.). This study provides a useful predictive tool for future water resources utilization and management for data-sparse areas or watersheds with environmental changes.
Comparison of autoregressive moving average and state space methods for monthly time series modelling of Labrador and South-East Quebec river flows
Authors: Sparkes Carissa , Lye Leonard M. , Richter Susan
Published: December 2015

Time series data such as monthly stream flows can be modelled using time series methods and then used to simulate or forecast flows for short term planning. Two methods of time series modelling were reviewed and compared: the well-known auto regressive moving average (ARMA) method and the state-space time-series (SSTS) method. ARMA has been used in hydrology to model and simulate flows with good results and is widely accepted for this purpose. SSTS modelling is a more recently developed method that is relatively unused for hydrologic modelling. This paper focuses on modelling the stream flows from basins of different sizes using these two time series modelling methods and comparing the results. Three rivers in Labrador and South-East Quebec were modelled: the Romaine, Ugjoktok and Alexis Rivers. Both models were compared for accuracy of prediction, ease of software use and simplicity of model to determine the preferred time series methodology approach for modelling these rivers. The SSTS was considered very easy to use but model diagnostics were found to require a high level of statistical understanding. Ultimately, the ARMA method was determined to be the better method for the typical engineer to use, considering the diagnostics were simple and the monthly flows could be easily simulated to verify results.
The effect of operating parameters on the performance of a biosand filter: a statistical experiment design approach
Authors: Rajesh Tundia Krutika , Ahammed M. Mansoor , George Duithy
Published: December 2015

The influence of three important parameters, namely, pause time, charge volume and influent turbidity on the performance of a biosand filter (BSF) was assessed by employing response surface methodology with a Box-Behnken design. Fifteen runs were conducted in triplicate using a full-scale BSF with a pore volume of 19.6 L, and the performance of the filter was assessed by monitoring total coliforms, Escherichia coli and turbidity of the effluent. Results showed that there was a significant improvement in the microbiological quality of filtered water when the pause time was increased from 12 to 36 h, while it deteriorated as charge volume was increased from 10 to 30 L. The effluent microbiological quality was unaffected by changes in the influent turbidity in the range of 10–50 NTU. Further, effluent turbidity was not significantly affected by the changes in any of the operating parameters, and it remained below 1.5 NTU in all the runs. At optimum conditions of pause time 23 h, charge volume 19.4 L and influent turbidity 32 NTU, bacterial removal exceeded 99.4%. The results show that charging of the filter with about one pore volume of water once a day would be the ideal operating strategy for a BSF.
Comparative performance of cement kiln dust and activated carbon in removal of cadmium from aqueous solutions
Authors: El-Refaey Ahmed A.
Published: December 2015

This study compared the performance of cement kiln dust (CKD) as industrial byproduct and commercially activated carbon (AC) as adsorbent derived from agricultural waste for the removal of cadmium (Cd2+) from aqueous solutions. CKD and AC were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and surface areas demonstrate the differences of physicochemical properties. Batch equilibrium experiments were conducted for various intervals extended to 96 h at 20, 25 and 30°C to investigate the efficiency of the sorbents in the removal of Cd2+. CKD expressed high affinity for removal of Cd2+ and was not affected by temperature, while AC was significantly affected, which reflects dissimilarity in the retention mechanisms defendant in CKD and those pursued by AC. The results were explained by changes of FTIR and SEM images before and after sorption experiments. The suggestion is that electrostatic ion exchange and complex reactions are the main mechanisms for Cd2+ removal. The kinetic data were evaluated by fractional power, Elovich, pseudo-first order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model was found to correlate with the experimental data well. These results revealed that CKD can be used as a cost-effective and efficient sorbent for Cd2+ removal in comparison with AC.
The Lateral Meniscus as a Guide to Anatomical Tibial Tunnel Placement During Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Kassam A.M. , Tillotson L. , Schranz P.J. , Mandalia V.I.
Published: December 2015

Purpose:

The aim of the study is to show, on an MRI scan, that the posterior border of the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus (AHLM) could guide tibial tunnel position in the sagittal plane and provide anatomical graft position.

Method:

One hundred MRI scans were analysed with normal cruciate ligaments and no evidence of meniscal injury. We measured the distance between the posterior border of the AHLM and the midpoint of the ACL by superimposing sagittal images.

Results:

The mean distance between the posterior border of the AHLM and the ACL midpoint was -0.1mm (i.e. 0.1mm posterior to the ACL midpoint). The range was 5mm to -4.6mm. The median value was 0.0mm. 95% confidence interval was from -0.5 to 0.3mm.

A normal, parametric distribution was observed and Intra- and inter-observer variability showed significant correlation (p<0.05) using Pearsons Correlation test (intra-observer) and Interclass correlation (inter-observer).

Conclusion:

Using the posterior border of the AHLM is a reproducible and anatomical marker for the midpoint of the ACL footprint in the majority of cases. It can be used intra-operatively as a guide for tibial tunnel insertion and graft placement allowing anatomical reconstruction. There will inevitably be some anatomical variation. Pre-operative MRI assessment of the relationship between AHLM and ACL footprint is advised to improve surgical planning.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.
The effect of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus challenge on growing pigs I: Growth performance and digestibility1
Authors: Schweer W. P. , Schwartz K , Burrough E. R. , Yoon K. J. , Sparks J. C. , Gabler N. K.
Published: December 2015

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) and porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) are two diseases costly to the U.S. swine industry. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of PRRS virus and PED virus, alone or in combination, on growth performance, feed efficiency, and digestibility in grower pigs. Forty-two gilts (16 ± 0.98 kg BW) naïve for PRRS and PED were selected and allocated to 1 of 4 treatments. Treatments included 1) a control, 2) PRRS virus infected, 3) PED virus infected, and 4) PRRS+PED coinfection (PRP). Pigs in treatments 2 and 4 were inoculated with a live field strain of PRRS virus via intramuscular and intranasal routes at 0 d after inoculation (dpi). Treatments 3 and 4 were orally inoculated with a cloned PED virus at 15 dpi. Infection with PRRS virus was confirmed by quantitative PCR and seroconversion. Infection with PED virus was confirmed with PCR. Control pigs remained PRRS and PED virus negative throughout the study. All pigs were offered, ad libitum, a standard diet with free access to water. During the test period, PRRS reduced ADG and ADFI by 30 and 26%, respectively (P < 0.05), compared with control pigs, whereas PRP decreased ADG, ADFI, and G:F by 45, 30, and 23%, respectively (P < 0.05). Additional reductions in ADG and G:F were detected in PRP pigs compared with singular PED or PRRS treatments (33 and 16%, respectively). The impact of PED, alone or in combination, on performance (15–21 dpi) reduced ADG (0.66 vs. 0.35 vs. 0.20 kg/d; P < 0.01), ADFI (1.22 vs. 0.88 vs. 0.67 kg/d; P = 0.003), and G:F (0.54 vs. 0.39 vs. 0.31; P = 0.001) compared with control pigs. Compared with control pigs, PRRS infection did not reduce apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and energy. However, PED infection, alone or in combination, decreased ATTD of DM and energy by 8 and 12%, respectively (P < 0.05). Compared with control pigs, PRP reduced N and OM ATTD by 13 and 3%, respectively (P < 0.05). No significant differences in apparent ileal digestibility (AID) were detected between virus challenges. However, Lys AID tended to be reduced in both PED treatments compared with the control (10 and 12%; P = 0.095). Altogether, PRRS reduced growth but did not alter digestibility. Pigs challenged with PED and, to a greater extent, the coinfection of PED and PRRS viruses had reduced ADG, ADFI, G:F, and ATTD of nutrients and energy.
Extraction, Modelling and Purification of Flavonoids from Citrus Medica Peel
Authors: Nandan M. Parvathi , Meena Vangalapati
Published: December 2015

Soxhlet extraction technique is widely employed for the extraction and separation of chemical constituents in the medicinal plants. Citrus medica L commonly called as Citron belongs to family Rutaceae, is a slow-growing shrub. It is mainly cultivated for the production of edible fruits which are sour in taste like lime and lemon and the main content of a citron fruit is the thick rind, which is very adherent to the segments. From the phytochemical analysis the peel extract is rich source of phenols, flavonoids and alkaloids. The objective of present work is to develop a modelling equation for quercetin, rutin and kaempferol and the crude extract obtained by soxhlet extraction was further purified by solvent-solvent extraction and Column chromatography. Extraction was carried out by 80% methanol as a solvent Soxhlet extractor. Soxhlet extraction with methanol was carried out with varying time intervals, to evaluate modelling equation. The proposed modelling equation was Es = 0.0849(t) + 7.0286 for Quercetin and Es = 0.0912(t) + 25.971 for rutin, and Es = 0.0267(t) + 7.3714 for Kaempferol. High yield was obtained for 180min of Soxhlet extraction with 80% methanol. Yield of quercetin, rutin and kaempferol after solvent-solvent extraction and column chromatography was 22.6µg/ml, 43.7µg/ml and 10.8µg/ml respectively. The proposed model showed good agreement with the experimental data. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(4): 588-591
Antibiotic Susceptibility in Biofilms of Mycobacterium smegmatis
Authors: Sachan Tarun Kumar , Kumar Virendra
Published: December 2015

In the present article we observed the quantification and morphological, ultrastructural features of biofilms of fast growing clinical isolates M. smegmatis in presence of first line antibacterial drug streptomycin, isoniazid rifampicin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide. Biofilm of M. smegmatis was found to be unaffected at concentration of drugs that inhibited growth of planktonic bacilli .Thus, the biofilm growth modus appears to be a strategy for replicating bacilli to evade the trap of antibacterials. Planktonic and biofilm cells had similar intrinsic antibiotic susceptibility. Electron microscopy revealed that control (no drug) biofilms consisted primarily of bacterial clusters and fibrillar elements. The extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) material was less abundant in antibiotic-treated than in control biofilms beacause in the presence of high antibiotic concentrations at MIC level. The study is explored that the effect of drug on biofilm is time dependent means if the drugs were added at initial phase of biofilm, significant inhibitory effect were observed.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(4): 635-641
Field Bio-Efficacy of Newer Insecticides against Eggplant Fruit and Shoot Borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee
Authors: Mainali Ram Prasad , Peneru Ram Babu , Pokhrel Padma , Giri Yagya Prasad
Published: December 2015

Eggplant fruit and shoot borer (EFSB), Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a key insect pest of eggplant in all eggplant growing areas of Nepal. A field experiment was carried out in Khumaltar, Lalitpur during summer season of 2014 using eight treatments as, i) Abamectin 1.9 EC @ 1.5 ml/lit; ii) Spinosad 45 SL @ 0.25 ml/lit; iii) Emamectin Benzoate 5 SG @ 0.3 gm/lit; iv) Tozen @ 0.33 ml/lit; v) Karanjin 2 EC @ 2ml/lit; vi) Borer Gourd (Bacillus thuringiensis var. Kurstaki 108 CFU/ml + Beauveria bassiana 108 CFU/ml + Verticillium lecanii 108 CFU/ml + Metarhizium anisopliae 108 CFU/ml) @ 2 ml/lit; vii) Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 EC @ 0.25 ml/lit and viii) Untreated check to test efficacy of newer bio-rational insecticides against L. orbonalis. The treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The result showed that the fruit infestation percent on number and weight basis was significantly the lowest in Chlorantraniliprole (6.57 and 6.31) and Spinosad (12.08 and 11.15) treated plots as compared to other treatments. The Chlorantraniliprole treated plot recorded the maximum marketable yield (32.03 mt/ha) followed by Spinosad (30.93 mt/ha) with 34.39 percent and 29.77 percent increase in marketable fruit yield over untreated check, respectively. Hence, the use of Chlorantraniliprole and Spinosad could be one of the better options for effective management of L. orbonalis.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(4): 727-730
Doxorubicin induced histomorphometric changes in testes of albino rat
Authors: Sah Surendra Kumar , Khatiwada Saroj , Chaudhary Deepak , Jha Chandra Bhushan , Bhattacharya Soumya
Published: December 2015

Anticancer drugs like doxorubicin have been found to affect male gonads thereby leading to infertility. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of doxorubicin over short, mid and long term on testes of male albino rats. Sixty male albino rats aged 6-8 weeks were taken for study. The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups of experimental (each group containing 10 rats) and 3 groups of control (each group containing 10 rats). The experimental groups were given a single dose of doxorubicin i.e. 10 mg/kg body weight intra-peritoneally and sacrificed after 3 different duration for each group (second week, eighth week and sixteenth week). All rats under 3 control groups were given a single intra-peritoneal dose of 2.5 ml/kg body weight normal saline and sacrificed with their respective experimental groups. Significant difference in diameters (p=0.029) and cross-sectional area (p=0.028) of seminiferous tubules was observed between short term experimental and short term control rats. For both between midterm experimental and midterm control group, and between long term experimental and long term control group, a significant difference in right testis weight (p<0.001 for both), left testis weight (p<0.001 for both), volume of testis (p<0.001 and p=0.038), diameter (p<0.001 for both) and area (p<0.001 for both) of seminiferous tubules was observed. As compared to short term experimental group, midterm experimental group and long term experimental group had significantly lower right testis weight (p<0.001 for both), left testis weight (p<0.001 for both), diameter of seminiferous tubule (p<0.001 for both) and cross-sectional area of seminiferous tubule (p<0.001 both). Cross-sections of the seminiferous tubules of all the control groups had normal architecture. However, there was progressive destruction of seminiferous tubules structure across the experimental groups. Doxorubicin has deleterious effect on seminiferous tubules of albino rat testis.Nepal Journal of Biotechnology. Dec. 2015 Vol. 3, No. 1: 10-14
Marker Assisted Screening of Nepalese rice for bacterial leaf blight (BLB) resistance
Authors: Amgai Resham Babu , Niroula Raj Kumar , Pantha Sumitra , Hamal Shreya Singh , Tamang Bishal Gole , Sah Bindeshwar Prasad , Bhatta Madan Raj
Published: December 2015

Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB) is the most important yield limiting factor in Nepalese rice. BLB resistance rice varieties are highly demanding in the country. Breeding efforts for developing disease resistant depends on availability and use of resistant gene donors. Nepalese rice landraces could be the source of resistant gene. Therefore, ninety six Nepalese rice accessions were screened using eight Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers and one Sequence Tagged Sites (STS) marker for presence and absence of BLB resistance gene. We have detected BLB resistance gene Xa-10 on five accessions, Xa-13 on six accessions, Xa-7 on 23 accessions, Xa-3 and Xa-4 on 52 accessions, Xa-5 on 25 accessions, Xa-8 on 30 rice accessions. No any rice accessions tested have Xa-21. Similarly, 17 rice accessions showed three and more than three BLB resistance genes. Presence of Xa-13 on susceptible check variety CNTRL-85033 confirmed that this resistant gene is not working in Nepalese rice field. Therefore, Nepal need to pyramide the BLB resistant genes for durable resistance.Nepal Journal of Biotechnology. Dec. 2015 Vol. 3, No. 1: 35-39
Phytochemical screening, antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of Nepalese medicinal plants Swertia chirayita and Dendrobium amoenum
Authors: Shrestha Pritish , Bista Manisha , Sharma Prativa , Shrestha Shristi , Lamichhane Basanta , Adhikari Sandeep , Pandey Binayak Raj , Shrestha Bhupal Govinda
Published: December 2015

Research on medicinal plants are important to Nepal because most of its rural population relies on it as mode of medicine. Medicinal plants namely Swertia chirayita and Dendrobium amoenum were collected from mid hills of Nepal. The present study was undertaken to find the antimicrobial activity, phytochemical presence and their cytotoxicity in different extraction medium. The percentage yield from the plants were highest in warm methanol extraction with 12.6%, followed by ethyl acetate and lowest was for cold methanol. Plant extract showed the presence of antioxidants like alkaloid, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannin, glycosides. The Brine Shrimp Bioassay of methanol and ethyl acetate extract showed cytotoxicity. Chiraito extract showed LC50 of 199 ppm for Dhunche sample, 128.82 ppm for Daman sample and 131.82 ppm of Illam sample. The antibacterial activity of methanol extract of Chiraito and Dendrobium amoenum showed significant bioactivity by inhibiting growth of microbial species selected for the test. The zone of inhibition shown by the extracts was comparable to the standard antibiotics. Similarly, methanol extract of Chiraito also showed significant antifungal activity with the zone of inhibition comparable to amphotericin.Nepal Journal of Biotechnology. Dec. 2015 Vol. 3, No. 1: 48-54
Prevalence of multidrug resistant bacteria in causing community acquired urinary tract infection among the patients attending outpatient department of Seti Zonal Hospital, Dhangadi, Nepal
Authors: Awasthi Tek Raj , Pant Narayan Dutt , Dahal Puspa Raj
Published: December 2015

Involvement of multidrug resistant bacteria in causing community acquired infection is very serious public health issue. The main objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of multidrug resistant bacteria in causing community acquired urinary tract infection. In this study we cultured the 384 mid stream urine samples collected aseptically from the patients attending outpatient department of Seti zonal hospital and having no past history of hospitalization. The organisms isolated were identified by using conventional biochemical tests and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique. Out of total 384 samples 98 (25.52%) samples showed significant bacterial growth. The most prevalent bacterium isolated was Escherichia coli. 42.86% of the bacteria isolated were found to be multidrug resistant (MDR). The involvement of such large numbers of multidrug resistant bacteria in causing community acquired urinary tract infection is very serious issue and cannot be neglected. And some abrupt initiatives should be taken by the responsible authorities to improve or at least avoid the further worsening of the situation.Nepal Journal of Biotechnology. Dec. 2015 Vol. 3, No. 1: 55-59
Study on Phytochemical, Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Toxicity Profile of Viscum album Linn Associated with Acacia catechu
Authors: Kusi Meena , Shrestha Kanti , Malla Rajani
Published: December 2015

This study focuses on antibacterial, antioxidant and toxic potentials of Viscum album Linn, commonly known as European mistletoe associated with Acacia catechu (Khayer in Nepali). Methanol extract of the aerial parts of the Mistletoe was prepared by cold percolation method. The resulting extract was simultaneously subjected to phytochemical screening; anti-microbial activity; anti-oxidant potential and Brine shrimp toxicity test. The major biologically active phyto-constituents observed were alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides. Upon antibacterial activity screening, the plant extract was found to be highly effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with the zone of inhibition 16±1mm compared to 17±1mm of chloramphenicol (50 mcg). The antioxidant activity as EC50 value by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity was found to be 1.58 mg/ml while the ferric reducing capacity was measured to be 282.83±19.55 mg FeSO4.7H2O eqvt/g dry wt. of the extract during Ferric Ion Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) Assay. The LC50 value for Brine Shrimp Toxicity Assay was found to be 31.62 ppm. This study shows the medicinal value of the mistletoe associated with Acacia catechu. Further meticulous analysis of this plant might lead to identification of active biomolecules effective as drugs for various ailmentsNepal Journal of Biotechnology. Dec. 2015 Vol. 3, No. 1: 60-65
Microbial Diversity in Freshwater and Marine Environment
Authors: Aryal Sagar , Karki Gaurab , Pandey Sunil
Published: December 2015

Water covers seven tenths of the Earth's surface and occupies an estimated total volume of 1,386,000,000 cubic kilometers (km3). Of all the water found on Earth, 97% is marine. Maximum of this water is at a temperature of 2 to 3°C and devoid of light; 62% is under high pressure (>100 atm). Microscopic phytoplankton and associated bacteria generate a complex food web that can extend over long distances and extreme depths. The marine environment looks so vast that it will not be able to be exaggerated by pollution; however, in coastal areas human activities are increasingly disrupting microbial processes and damaging water quality.Nepal Journal of Biotechnology. Dec. 2015 Vol. 3, No. 1: 68-70
Effect of Greenhouse Gases Dissolved in Seawater
Authors: Matsunaga Shigeki
Published: December 2015

A molecular dynamics simulation has been performed on the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane dissolved in a sodium chloride aqueous solution, as a simple model of seawater. A carbon dioxide molecule is also treated as a hydrogen carbonate ion. The structure, coordination number, diffusion coefficient, shear viscosity, specific heat, and thermal conductivity of the solutions have been discussed. The anomalous behaviors of these properties, especially the negative pressure dependence of thermal conductivity, have been observed in the higher-pressure region.
Sustainable Biomaterials: Current Trends, Challenges and Applications
Authors: Kumar Gupta Girish , De Sudipta , Franco Ana , Balu Alina , Luque Rafael
Published: December 2015

Biomaterials and sustainable resources are two complementary terms supporting the development of new sustainable emerging processes. In this context, many interdisciplinary approaches including biomass waste valorization and proper usage of green technologies, etc., were brought forward to tackle future challenges pertaining to declining fossil resources, energy conservation, and related environmental issues. The implementation of these approaches impels its potential effect on the economy of particular countries and also reduces unnecessary overburden on the environment. This contribution aims to provide an overview of some of the most recent trends, challenges, and applications in the field of biomaterials derived from sustainable resources.
Religion, Race/Ethnicity, and Norms of Intergenerational Assistance among Older Adults
Authors: Ellison Christopher , Xu Xiaohe
Published: December 2015

Using data on adults ages 55 and over from the second wave of the National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH-2), this study models the main and interactive effects of religious involvement and race/ethnicity on four items of attitudes towards intergenerational assistance. Results indicate that African Americans and Hispanics tend to express stronger support for intergenerational assistance than non-Hispanic Whites. Conservative Protestants, Mormons, and Catholics are more likely than others to believe that adult children should offer co-residence to their aging parents. In addition, theological conservatism is positively associated with support for each type of intergenerational aid, and the net effect of theological conservatism is stronger for African Americans than for non-Hispanic Whites. However, religious attendance is statistically unrelated to norms of intergenerational assistance. It is concluded that religious factors are important in shaping norms of intergenerational support, particularly within minority communities.
Remote Sensing Based Simple Models of GPP in Both Disturbed and Undisturbed Piñon-Juniper Woodlands in the Southwestern U.S.
Authors: Krofcheck Dan , Eitel Jan , Lippitt Christopher , Vierling Lee , Schulthess Urs , Litvak Marcy
Published: December 2015

Remote sensing is a key technology that enables us to scale up our empirical, in situ measurements of carbon uptake made at the site level. In low leaf area index ecosystems typical of semi-arid regions however, many assumptions of these remote sensing approaches fall short, given the complexities of the heterogeneous landscape and frequent disturbance. Here, we investigated the utility of remote sensing data for predicting gross primary production (GPP) in piñon-juniper woodlands in New Mexico (USA). We developed a simple model hierarchy using climate drivers and satellite vegetation indices (VIs) to predict GPP, which we validated against in situ estimates of GPP from eddy-covariance. We tested the influence of pixel size on model fit by comparing model performance when using VIs from RapidEye (5 m) and the VIs from Landsat ETM+ (30 m). We also tested the ability of the normalized difference wetness index (NDWI) and normalized difference red edge (NDRE) to improve model fits. The best predictor of GPP at the undisturbed PJ woodland was Landsat ETM+ derived NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index), whereas at the disturbed site, the red-edge VI performed best (R2adj of 0.92 and 0.90 respectively). The RapidEye data did improve model performance, but only after we controlled for the variability in sensor view angle, which had a significant impact on the apparent cover of vegetation in our low fractional cover experimental woodland. At both sites, model performance was best either during non-stressful growth conditions, where NDVI performed best, or during severe ecosystem stress conditions (e.g., during the girdling process), where NDRE and NDWI improved model fit, suggesting the inclusion of red-edge leveraging and moisture sensitive VI in simple, data driven models can constrain GPP estimate uncertainty during periods of high ecosystem stress or disturbance.
Improved Performance of Connected Foundations for Resilient Energy Transmission Infrastructure in Soft Soils
Authors: Kyung Doohyun , Kim Daehong , Kim Garam , Kim Incheol , Lee Junhwan
Published: December 2015

The connected foundation is an effective structural type of foundation that can improve the sustainability of electrical transmission towers in soft soils to serve as a resilient energy supply system. In this study, the performance of electrical transmission towers reinforced with connected beams was investigated using a series of field load tests. Model transmission tower structures were manufactured and adopted into the tests. Based on the load capacity mobilization and failure mechanism, a criterion to define the load carrying capacity for connected foundation was proposed. It was found that the performance of connected foundation varies with the mechanical property of connection beam. The load capacity and differential settlement increased and decreased, respectively, with increasing connection beam stiffness. Such effect of connection beam was more pronounced as the height of load application point or tower height (zh) increases. Based on the load test results, a design model was proposed that can be used to evaluate the sustainable performance and load carrying capacity of connected foundations. Field load tests with prototype transmission tower structure models were conducted to check and confirm the performance of connected foundation and the proposed design method.
VP Ellipsis in Japanese
Authors: Buchanan Michiko Todokoro
Published: December 2015

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The Interaction of Tones and Vowels in Fuzhou
Authors: Donohue Cathryn
Published: December 2015

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Tolowa Peak Pitch Alignment: Perspectives from an Autosegmental-Metrical Framework
Authors: Doty Christopher S. , Guion Susan G.
Published: December 2015

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Towards a Substantively Biased Theory of Learning
Authors: Finley Sara , Badecker William
Published: December 2015

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Interpreting Intra-Regional Southern Vowel Distinctions
Authors: Fridland Valerie
Published: December 2015

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An Explanation of Base TETU Effects in Kwak’wala and Cupeño
Authors: Haynes Erin Flynn
Published: December 2015

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Comparative Correlatives - The Case of German
Authors: Huber Stefan
Published: December 2015

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From Exclusive Particle to Adversative Conjunction: A Study on the Particle tasol in Tok Pisin
Authors: Inoue Aya
Published: December 2015

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The Metaphoric Grounding of Grammar: The Modal Construction with ‘give’ in Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Salomao Maria-Margarida M.
Published: December 2015

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Documenting One Language in a Multi-Lingual Community
Authors: Willis Christina M.
Published: December 2015

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Taking What a Language Gives Us: The Reported Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Maya-Mam
Authors: Collins Wesley
Published: December 2015

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Split Coordination in Otomi
Authors: Palancar Enrique L.
Published: December 2015

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The Morphology-Phonology Connection
Authors: Inkelas Sharon
Published: December 2015

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A Cognitive Approach to the Acquisition of Passives in Korean
Authors: Kim Meesook
Published: December 2015

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Sluicing in Bahasa Indonesia, P-Stranding, and Interface Repair
Authors: Sato Yosuke
Published: December 2015

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The Syntax-Pragmatics Interplay in Yaqui
Authors: Guerrero Lilian
Published: December 2015

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Specification under Discussion
Authors: Mikkelsen Line
Published: December 2015

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Multi-frame Semantics, Metaphoric Extensions and Grammar
Authors: Bouveret Myriam , Sweetser Eve
Published: December 2015

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Single and Double Modal Syntax: A Unified Account
Authors: Elsman Minta , Dubinsky Stanley
Published: December 2015

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Exploring Intonation in Guadeloupean Creole
Authors: Iskrova Iskra
Published: December 2015

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So Close Yet So Far: External Possessors in German and Estonian
Authors: Lambert Silke
Published: December 2015

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Negation and the Untransitive Category in Karitiâna
Authors: Everett Caleb
Published: December 2015

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Hypernegation, Hyponegation, and Parole Violations
Authors: Horn Laurence R.
Published: December 2015

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Bipolar Items and Attitude Predicates
Authors: Nishiguchi Sumiyo
Published: December 2015

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On French Negation
Authors: Zeijlstra Hedde
Published: December 2015

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Another Overt Surface Anaphor: Norwegian 'and that'
Authors: Lødrup Helge , Hobæk Haff Marianne
Published: December 2015
Plural definite NPs presuppose multiplicity via embedded exhaustification
Authors: Mayr Clemens
Published: December 2015

There is evidence from bare plurals that strongly suggests that plural-marking on noun phrases does not exclude singular reference. This paper discusses the problematic consequence that such a view has for the analysis of definite plurals, namely that their multiplicity inference is not straightforwardly predicted. We adduce novel evidence that this inference is a presupposition arising from the application of the definite article to the plural noun phrase and that it cannot be explained away by a presuppositional analysis of number-marking (Sauerland 2003). It is proposed that plural- and singular-marking are scalar items subject to obligatory exhaustification (Ivlieva 2013). We show that global exhaustification is, however, untenable in the case of definite plurals, contra (Magri 2014). The semantics of the definite article is shown to force exhaustifiation to occur below itself on the noun phrase directly. Having reached this conclusion for definite plurals, makes it possible to drastically simplify the derivation of the multiplicity inference even in bare plurals when compared to competing proposals such as (Spector 2007a; Zweig 2009).
De re tenses and Trace Conversion
Authors: Bar-Lev Moshe E.
Published: December 2015

I suggest a quantificational account for tenses in which the seemingly peculiar behavior of tenses that are interpreted de re (most notably the double access reading of English Present-under-Past sentences) falls out from a general Trace Conversion rule that applies to moved quantifiers, as in Fox 2002. I propose that de re tenses involve movement (following Ogihara 1989), and that the first argument of tenses is a property of times which characterizes the set of times that include the local evaluation time, such that the application of Trace Conversion to moved tenses yields an inclusion requirement with respect to the local evaluation time of the base position. Unlike previous analyses (Ogihara 1989; Abusch 1997), the current analysis predicts that a de re interpretation of a tense (Past or Present) involves inclusion of the attitude time. This is supported by the availability of simultaneous readings for Past-under-Past sentences in non-SOT languages such as Hebrew, and the unavailability of ‘mixed’ (simultaneous and backward-shifted) readings for Past-under-Past constructions under universal quantification.
Ellipsis, Parallelism, and Polarity
Authors: Crnic Luka
Published: December 2015

We explore the distribution of polarity items in antecedents of VP el- lipsis. We show that the data can be derived from (i) the assumption that parts of polarity items are not interpreted in situ (cf., e.g., Lahiri 1998) and (ii) the standard assumptions about parallelism in ellipsis licensing (e.g., Rooth 1992, Fox 2000).
Comparing the Predictive Abilities of Phenotypic and Marker‐Assisted Selection Methods in a Biparental Lettuce Population
Authors: Hadasch Steffen , Simko Ivan , Hayes Ryan J. , Ogutu Joseph O. , Piepho Hans‐Peter
Published: December 2015

Breeding for traits with polygenic inheritance is a challenging task that can be done by phenotypic selection, marker‐assisted selection (MAS) or genome‐wide selection. We comparatively evaluated the predictive abilities of four selection models on a biparental lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) population genotyped with 95 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 205 amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. These models were based on (i) phenotypic selection, (ii) MAS (with quantitative trait locus (QTL)‐linked markers), (iii) genomic prediction using all the available molecular markers, and (iv) genomic prediction using molecular markers plus QTL‐linked markers as fixed covariates. Each model's performance was assessed using data on the field resistance to downy mildew (DMR, mean heritability ∼0.71) and the quality of shelf life (SL, mean heritability ∼0.91) of lettuce in multiple environments. The predictive ability of each selection model was computed under three cross‐validation (CV) schemes based on sampling genotypes, environments, or both. For the DMR dataset, the predictive ability of the MAS model was significantly lower than that of the genomic prediction model. For the SL dataset, the predictive ability of the genomic prediction model was significantly lower than that for the model using QTL‐linked markers under two of the three CV schemes. Our results show that the predictive ability of the selection models depends strongly on the CV scheme used for prediction and the heritability of the target trait. Our study also shows that molecular markers can be used to predict DMR and SL for individuals from this cross that were genotyped but not phenotyped.