bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The formation pattern, causes, and governance of network public opinion on university emergencies
Authors: Gao Xiaoning , Li Zhuoya , Zhang Ke , Bi Chongwu
Published: August 2024

Background

University emergencies, garnering significant public attention and shaping network opinions, pose a crucial challenge to universities’ management and societal stability. Hence, network public opinion on university emergencies is a vital issue. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism has not been fully explored and cannot be efficiently controlled. This study aimed to explore the formation pattern of network public opinion on university emergencies, analyze its causes, and provide scientific governance strategies for coping with this issue.

Methods

Based on a sample set of 204 cases from the Zhiwei Data Sharing Platform, this study classifies network public opinion on university emergencies into six types and visually analyzes their characteristics: time distribution, subject, duration, and emotion. By integrating the theory of the network public opinion field, this study develops a network public opinion field model of university emergencies to reveal its formation pattern. Furthermore, it analyzes the causes of network public opinion on university emergencies from the perspective of the public opinion lifecycle and proposes corresponding governance strategies.

Results

The sample consisted of 304 cases of real-life public opinion, and the visualization results show that public opinion on mental health and teacher–student safety constitutes the predominant types, accounting for 83.3%. High-occurrence subjects are public universities (88.24%) and students (48%). The most frequent months are July and December. 90.20% of the public opinions have a lifespan of less than 19 days, with an impact index ranging from 40 to 80. The public’s emotional response to different types of public opinion varies, with negative emotions dominating.

Conclusion

This study provides novel insights for understanding their formation and dissemination. It also provides practical implications for relevant departments to govern network public opinion on university emergencies.
Discriminating between extinct and extant life detection: implications for future Mars missions
Authors: Dzurilla Katherine A. , Teece Bronwyn L.
Published: August 2024

The search for biosignatures on Mars has been a high priority for astrobiology. The approach to detecting putative biosignatures has largely been focused on chemical analyses targeting predominantly extinct life. However, this approach has limited the characterization of extant life, preventing differentiation between extinct and extant biosignatures. Detecting an extant martian lifeform requires approaches focused on identification of biological features. Identifying potential features of life, such as growth or reproduction, can contribute evidence necessary to identify extant biosignatures. While an unambiguous extant biosignature might not be possible with biologically focused approaches, the combined data can provide supporting evidence to attribute a biosignature to an extinct or extant lifeform in conjunction with flight tested instrumentation. With upcoming initiatives, such as the planned Mars Sample Return campaign and the Mars Life Explorer mission concept, the incorporation of extant life specific analysis is paramount for the future of Mars exploration.
Effects of conservative treatment strategies for iliotibial band syndrome on pain and function in runners: a systematic review
Authors: Sanchez-Alvarado Alberto , Bokil Chaitrali , Cassel Michael , Engel Tilman
Published: August 2024

Introduction

This systematic review summarizes the efficacy of conservative treatment strategies on pain and function in runners with iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS), a prevalent running injury constituting about 10% of all running-related injuries. The multifactorial nature of ITBS necessitates diverse treatment approaches; yet, a consensus on an optimal conservative regimen remains unreported. This review seeks to update and expand upon existing literature with recent rehabilitative approaches.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Web of Science, and CINHAL databases, from inception to June 31, 2024. Inclusion criteria were: (1) reporting of conservative treatments for ITBS in adult runners and (2) pain and function defined as main outcome parameters. The methodological quality was evaluated using the NIH Quality Assessment Tool.

Results

Thirteen out of 616 records met the inclusion criteria (201 participants), including five randomized controlled trials, one case-control study, one pre-test post-test study, and six case studies. Different active and passive treatment strategies were applied as single (five studies) or combined (eight studies) treatments. The average methodological quality was deemed good. Large between-study heterogeneity was present, impeding a meta-analysis to be performed. Hip abductor strengthening (HAS) exercise emerged as a common strategy. The intervention effects on pain reduction ranged from 27% to 100%, and functional improvement from 10% to 57%, over 2 to 8 weeks.

Conclusion

A conservative treatment approach incorporating HAS exercises, possibly augmented by shockwave or manual therapy, is effective for mitigating pain and enhancing function in ITBS-afflicted runners. Finally, the potential of emerging strategies like gait retraining requires further exploration through rigorous trials and comprehensive evidence. Addressing these gaps could refine ITBS management, enhancing treatment outcomes and facilitating runners’ return to sport.
Case Report: Exacerbation after fat grafting in patients with active localized scleroderma
Authors: Han Shunxin , Liu Juzi , Lu Feng , Cai Junrong
Published: August 2024

Background

The application of autologous fat transplantation in facial lesions of patients with localized scleroderma (LoS) has been reported in recent years.

Objective

The authors report a case of worsening of active localized scleroderma after autologous fat transplantation.

Methods

A man presented with neck and facial skin atrophy and pigmentation with a history of LoS. Appearing 1.5 years ago, the lesion had progressively grown in size and shape. Consent was obtained after the patient was informed of the possible surgical risks during the active phase of the disease. He underwent autologous fat grafting into the right cheek with about 30 ml Coleman fat graft.

Results

Skin dyspigmentation and atrophy progressively deteriorated 1 month into therapy, with slightly increased erythema and enlargement of the lesion. Six months after the therapy, the localized scleroderma-related score worsened.

Limitations

There are different factors, such as that systemic medications could affect the treatment of localized scleroderma by autologous fat transplantation. Meanwhile, considering the limitation of the 6-month follow-up period, obtaining long-term follow-up data is necessary to evaluate sustained outcomes and potential complications.

Conclusion

More clinical research is needed to determine the time interval between disease inactivity and the application of any surgical procedures to avoid reactivation.
Client-based evaluation of the effects of localized vibration therapy on pain and mobility scores in dogs with radiographic bilateral hip dysplasia
Authors: Turner Kristal F. , Canapp Sherman O. , Canapp Debra A. , Sutton Angela M. , Canapp Allyson , Jimenez Isabel A. , Gerardi Joyce
Published: August 2024

Introduction

This study evaluated the effects of localized vibration (LV) in 37 dogs with bilateral hip dysplasia (HD). HD is a common cause of lameness in dogs, and is a contributory factor to osteoarthritis, which can reduce the dog’s overall quality of life.

Materials and methods

This was a multi-center, prospective survey-based study of 37 dogs with bilateral HD and no prior history of surgical management. Dogs were given LV therapy daily for 14 consecutive days using the same commercially available handheld vibration device. Canine Brief Pain Index (CBPI) data was collected prior to the initiation of therapy, then for 14 days following daily LV therapy. The dogs’ medications, supplements, additional rehabilitation modalities, and activity level were unchanged during the study period. Baseline CBPI pain severity and pain interference scores were compared to scores after 7 or 14 days of LV.

Results

There were significant decreases in average pain severity and average pain interference CBPI scores in response to 7 and 14 days of therapy compared to baseline. When response to therapy was defined as a decrease in both pain severity score and pain interference score, 62% (23/37) of dogs responded to therapy at 7 days of treatment and 73% (27/37) responded at 14 days of treatment. Of the individuals that responded to treatment at 7 days, 91% (21/23) continued to respond at 14 days.

Conclusion

Daily LV resulted in a significant reduction in CBPI scores in 73% of dogs with bilateral HD in this study. Randomized and blinded studies should be performed to further assess daily LV as a treatment modality for canine HD.
Nonlocal Extensions of First Order Initial Value Problems
Authors: Shankar Ravi
Published: August 2024

We study certain Volterra integral equations that extend and recover first order ordinary differential equations (ODEs). We formulate the former equations from the latter by replacing classical derivatives with nonlocal integral operators with anti-symmetric kernels. Replacements of spatial derivatives have seen success in fracture mechanics, diffusion, and image processing. In this paper, we consider nonlocal replacements of time derivatives which contain future data. To account for the nonlocal nature of the operators, we formulate initial “volume” problems (IVPs) for these integral equations; the initial data is prescribed on a time interval rather than at a single point. As a nonlocality parameter vanishes, we show that the solutions to these equations recover those of classical ODEs. We demonstrate this convergence with exact solutions of some simple IVPs. However, we find that the solutions of these nonlocal models exhibit several properties distinct from their classical counterparts. For example, the solutions exhibit discontinuities at periodic intervals. In addition, for some IVPs, a continuous initial profile develops a measure-valued singularity in finite time. At subsequent periodic intervals, these solutions develop increasingly higher order distributional singularities.
Theoretical Investigation of Fractional Estimations in Liouville–Caputo Operators of Mixed Order with Applications
Authors: Mohammed Pshtiwan Othman , Lupas Alina Alb , Agarwal Ravi P. , Yousif Majeed A. , Al-Sarairah Eman , Abdelwahed Mohamed
Published: August 2024

In this study, to approximate nabla sequential differential equations of fractional order, a class of discrete Liouville–Caputo fractional operators is discussed. First, some special functions are re-called that will be useful to make a connection with the proposed discrete nabla operators. These operators exhibit inherent symmetrical properties which play a crucial role in ensuring the consistency and stability of the method. Next, a formula is adopted for the solution of the discrete system via binomial coefficients and analyzing the Riemann–Liouville fractional sum operator. The symmetry in the binomial coefficients contributes to the precise approximation of the solutions. Based on this analysis, the solution of its corresponding continuous case is obtained when the step size p0 tends to 0. The transition from discrete to continuous domains highlights the symmetrical nature of the fractional operators. Finally, an example is shown to testify the correctness of the presented theoretical results. We discuss the comparison of the solutions of the operators along with the numerical example, emphasizing the role of symmetry in the accuracy and reliability of the numerical method.
Lagrange Duality and Saddle-Point Optimality Conditions for Nonsmooth Interval-Valued Multiobjective Semi-Infinite Programming Problems with Vanishing Constraints
Authors: Upadhyay Balendu Bhooshan , Sain Shivani , Stancu-Minasian Ioan
Published: August 2024

This article deals with a class of nonsmooth interval-valued multiobjective semi-infinite programming problems with vanishing constraints (NIMSIPVC). We introduce the VC-Abadie constraint qualification (VC-ACQ) for NIMSIPVC and employ it to establish Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT)-type necessary optimality conditions for the considered problem. Regarding NIMSIPVC, we formulate interval-valued weak vector, as well as interval-valued vector Lagrange-type dual and scalarized Lagrange-type dual problems. Subsequently, we establish the weak, strong, and converse duality results relating the primal problem NIMSIPVC and the corresponding dual problems. Moreover, we introduce the notion of saddle points for the interval-valued vector Lagrangian and scalarized Lagrangian of NIMSIPVC. Furthermore, we derive the saddle-point optimality criteria for NIMSIPVC by establishing the relationships between the solutions of NIMSIPVC and the saddle points of the corresponding Lagrangians of NIMSIPVC, under convexity assumptions. Non-trivial illustrative examples are provided to demonstrate the validity of the established results. The results presented in this paper extend the corresponding results derived in the existing literature from smooth to nonsmooth optimization problems, and we further generalize them for interval-valued multiobjective semi-infinite programming problems with vanishing constraints.
New Flexible Asymmetric Log-Birnbaum–Saunders Nonlinear Regression Model with Diagnostic Analysis
Authors: Martínez-Flórez Guillermo , Barranco-Chamorro Inmaculada , Gómez Héctor W.
Published: August 2024

A nonlinear log-Birnbaum–Saunders regression model with additive errors is introduced. It is assumed that the error term follows a flexible sinh-normal distribution, and therefore it can be used to describe a variety of asymmetric, unimodal, and bimodal situations. This is a novelty since there are few papers dealing with nonlinear models with asymmetric errors and, even more, there are few able to fit a bimodal behavior. Influence diagnostics and martingale-type residuals are proposed to assess the effect of minor perturbations on the parameter estimates, check the fitted model, and detect possible outliers. A simulation study for the Michaelis–Menten model is carried out, covering a wide range of situations for the parameters. Two real applications are included, where the use of influence diagnostics and residual analysis is illustrated.
Soft Gripping Fingers Made of Multi-Stacked Dielectric Elastomer Actuators with Backbone Strategy
Authors: Jamali Armin , Knoerlein Robert , Mishra Dushyant Bhagwan , Sheikholeslami Seyed Alireza , Woias Peter , Goldschmidtboeing Frank
Published: August 2024

Soft grippers, a rapidly growing subfield of soft robotics, utilize compliant and flexible materials capable of conforming to various shapes. This feature enables them to exert gentle yet, if required, strong gripping forces. In this study, we elaborate on the material selection and fabrication process of gripping fingers based on the dielectric elastomer actuation technique. We study the effects of mixing the silicone elastomer with a silicone thinner on the performance of the actuators. Inspired by nature, where the motion of end-effectors such as soft limbs or fingers is, in many cases, directed by a stiff skeleton, we utilize backbones for translating the planar actuation into a bending motion. Thus, the finger does not need any rigid frame or pre-stretch, as in many other DEA approaches. The idea and function of the backbone strategy are demonstrated by finite element method simulations with COMSOL Multiphysics® 6.5. The paper describes the full methodology from material choice and characterization, design, and simulation to characterization to enable future developments based on our approach. Finally, we present the performance of these actuators in a gripper demonstrator setup. The developed actuators bend up to 68.3° against gravity, and the gripper fingers hold up to 10.3 g against gravity under an actuation voltage of 8 kV.
The Fracture Resistance Comparison between Titanium and Zirconia Implant Abutments with and without Ageing: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chmielewski Marek , Dąbrowski Wojciech , Ordyniec-Kwaśnica Iwona
Published: August 2024

Implant abutments are essential components of implant prosthetic restorations. The golden standard for abutment material is titanium; however, due to its properties, the esthetic result can be compromised. The most popular esthetic material alternatives are one- and two-piece zirconia. The study aimed to answer the questions of whether zirconia abutments can be used interchangeably with titanium in both anterior and posterior regions and how aging of the abutment affects durability. For this study, an electronic search of MEDLINE (PubMed) and Scopus (Embase) was conducted. The PRISMA guidelines were followed, and a systematic review was registered with PROSPERO. The search revealed 4031 results, of which 17 studies were selected. The strongest material for abutments is titanium, closely followed by two-piece zirconia. One-piece zirconia abutments were the weakest. The cyclic loading above 1,000,000 cycles decreased the fracture resistance of the abutments. Differences in implant diameter, angulation, and restoration affected the fracture strength of all compared materials. The main mode of failure for titanium abutments was screw bending or screw fracture. One-piece zirconia most often presented catastrophic failure with internal hexagon fracture below the implant neck. Two-piece zirconia exhibits a combination of failure modes. Two-piece zirconia abutments may be suitable for use in the posterior region, given their comparable fracture resistance to titanium abutments. Despite the fact that one-piece zirconia is capable of withstanding forces that exceed those exerted during mastication, it is recommended that it be employed primarily in the anterior dentition due to its propensity for unfavorable failure modes.
Cross-Correlation Characteristic Measurements and Analysis for Multi-Link A2G Channels Based on a Multi-UAV System
Authors: Ye Xuchao , Zhu Qiuming , Li Hangang , Mao Kai , Li Hanpeng , Chen Xiaomin , Hua Boyu , Zhong Weizhi
Published: August 2024

With the rapid development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), UAV-based communications have shown promising application prospects in beyond-fifth-generation (B5G) and sixth-generation (6G) communication. Air-to-ground (A2G) channel characteristics are significant for UAV-based wireless communications. In this paper, a multi-UAV channel measurement system is developed, which can realize cooperative, accurate, and real-time channel measurements. Measurement campaigns are performed in the campus scenario at the 3.6 GHz frequency band. Based on the measurement data, cross-correlation properties of some typical large-scale channel parameters are extracted and analyzed, including the power delay profile (PDP), path loss (PL), and shadow fading (SF). The analysis results reveal that the cross-correlation of PDP remains larger than 0.6 during the whole measurement, and the decorrelation distance is 14.765 m. The cross-correlation of SF is relatively low, and the decorrelation distance is found to be 4.628 m. These results can provide valuable references for optimizing multi-link UAV communications and node placements.
Design of a Single Branch of Energy Storage Submodules Connected to HVDC Systems to Support AC Grids
Authors: Errigo Florian , Sau-Bassols Joan , Bekkouri Hind , Morel Florent , Gonzalez-Torres Juan-Carlos , Benchaib Abdelkrim , Rault Pierre , Bourgeat Xavier
Published: August 2024

The number of HVDC installations is increasing and the decarbonization of power systems makes it necessary to install storage systems. It might become relevant to assess the synergies between both trends by connecting storage systems on the DC side of HVDC systems. The contribution of this paper is to show the feasibility and the design of such a system to provide three different ancillary services: power oscillation damping (POD), fast frequency response (FFR), or wind power oscillation smoothing. The DC storage system consists of a series connection of sub-modules with energy storage devices connected to each sub-module through a DC-DC converter. For the proposed design methodology, a first simple average model of the DC storage converter is developed to run preliminary EMT simulations to obtain power profiles for the energy storage elements according to the system needs. These profiles are used as inputs for designing the storage system. The design methodology is validated by performing new EMT simulations with a more detailed model which includes a model of the storage elements. Results show that the designed system can provide the expected services and sizing results confirm the technical feasibility of the solution.
Investigation on Melting Process of Finned Thermal Energy Storage with Rotational Actuation
Authors: Liu Yi , Meng Xiankun , Lv Xuanzhi , Guo Junfei , Yang Xiaohu
Published: August 2024

Phase-change thermal storage is essential for renewable energy utilization, addressing spatiotemporal energy transfer imbalances. However, enhancing heat transfer in pure phase-change materials (PCMs) has been challenging due to their low thermal conductivity. Rotational actuation, as an active method, improves heat transfer and storage efficiency. This study numerically examined the melting behavior of finned thermal storage units at various rotational speeds. The influence of speed was analyzed via melting time, rate, phase interface, temperature, and flow distribution. Results showed that rotational speed effects were non-monotonic: excessive speeds may hinder complete melting or reduce efficiency. There existed an optimal speed for the fastest melting rate and a limited speed range for complete melting. At the preferred rotation speed of 2.296 rad·s−1, the utilization of PCMs in a finned tube could mitigate the risk of local overheating by 97.2% compared to a static tube, while improving heat storage efficiency by 204.9%.
Leveraging Prosumer Flexibility to Mitigate Grid Congestion in Future Power Distribution Grids
Authors: Tomaselli Domenico , Most Dieter , Sinani Enkel , Stursberg Paul , Heger Hans Joerg , Niessen Stefan
Published: August 2024

The growing adoption of behind-the-meter (BTM) photovoltaic (PV) systems, electric vehicle (EV) home chargers, and heat pumps (HPs) is causing increased grid congestion issues, particularly in power distribution grids. Leveraging BTM prosumer flexibility offers a cost-effective and readily available solution to address these issues without resorting to expensive and time-consuming infrastructure upgrades. This work evaluated the effectiveness of this solution by introducing a novel modeling framework that combines a rolling horizon (RH) optimal power flow (OPF) algorithm with a customized piecewise linear cost function. This framework allows for the individual control of flexible BTM assets through various control measures, while modeling the power flow (PF) and accounting for grid constraints. We demonstrated the practical utility of the proposed framework in an exemplary residential region in Schutterwald, Germany. To this end, we constructed a PF-ready grid model for the region, geographically allocated a future BTM asset mix, and generated tailored load and generation profiles for each household. We found that BTM storage systems optimized for self-consumption can fully resolve feed-in violations at HV/MV stations but only mitigate 35% of the future load violations. Implementing additional control measures is key for addressing the remaining load violations. While curative measures, e.g., temporarily limiting EV charging or HP usage, have minimal impacts, proactive measures that control both the charging and discharging of BTM storage systems can effectively address the remaining load violations, even for grids that are already operating at or near full capacity.
An Improved YOLOv5 Algorithm for Bamboo Strip Defect Detection Based on the Ghost Module
Authors: Yang Ru-Xiao , Lee Yan-Ru , Lee Fu-Shin , Liang Zhenying , Liu Yang
Published: August 2024

Detecting surface defects in bamboo strips is essential for producing Asian bamboo products. Currently, the detection of surface defects in bamboo strips mainly relies on manual labor. The labor intensity is high, and the detection efficiency is low. Improving the speed and accuracy of identifying bamboo strip defects is crucial in enhancing enterprises’ production efficiency. Hence, this research designs a lightweight YOLOv5s neural network algorithm using the Ghost module to identify surface defects of bamboo strips. The research introduces an attention mechanism CA module to improve the recognition ability of the model target; the research also implements a C2f model to enhance the network performance and the surface quality of bamboo strips. The experimental results show that after training with the acquired image dataset, the YOLOv5s model can exert an intelligent detection effect on five common types of defects in bamboo strips, and the Ghost module makes YOLOv5s lightweight, which can effectively reduce model parameters and improve detection speed while maintaining recognition accuracy. Meanwhile, the C2f module and CA module can further leverage the model’s ability to identify specific defects in bamboo strips after lightweight improvement.
Salt-Reduced Fish Sauce Produced under Pressurized Carbon Dioxide Treatment Using Sardinops melanostictus, Trachurus japonicus, Konosirus punctatus, Odontamblyopus lacepedii, Their Collective Mixture, and Unused Fish Mixture
Authors: Tagawa Johma , Demura Mikihide , Noma Seiji
Published: August 2024

Fish sauce is produced at high salt concentrations (>20%) to inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms. The salt-reduced fish sauce (10% salt) was prepared under pressurized CO2 (pCO2) conditions at 30 °C and 5 MPa for 3 months (FSCO2), from Sardinops melanostictus, Odontamblyopus lacepedii, Trachurus japonicus, Konosirus punctatus, and their collective mixture, as well as unused fish mixture obtained from the Ariake Sea in Japan. FSCO2 exhibited significantly better microbial quality and free amino acid content, lighter color, standardized odor (dashi-like odor), and umami richness qualities compared to fish sauces prepared using the conventional method (FScon) (20% salt), as previously demonstrated, after a fermentation period of 2 months. Bacterial flora analysis implied that the standardization of odor and umami richness may not be the result of specific microbial metabolism. Even when using previously unused fish, it was possible to produce FSCO2 equivalent to that produced by conventional sardines and other fish. These results indicate that the quality of fish sauce can be improved. The flavor of FSCO2 became similar regardless of the type of fish and fermentation period using pCO2 during fermentation, leading to the effective utilization of unutilized fish as a resource for high-quality salt-reduced fish sauce.
Full-Length Transcriptome Construction and Systematic Characterization of Virulence Factor-Associated Isoforms in Vairimorpha (Nosema) Ceranae
Authors: Guo Sijia , Zang He , Liu Xiaoyu , Jing Xin , Liu Zhitan , Zhang Wende , Wang Mengyi , Zheng Yidi , Li Zhengyuan , Qiu Jianfeng , Chen Dafu , Yan Tizhen , Guo Rui
Published: August 2024

Vairimorpha (Nosema) ceranae is a single-cellular fungus that obligately infects the midgut epithelial cells of adult honeybees, causing bee microsporidiosis and jeopardizing bee health and production. This work aims to construct the full-length transcriptome of V. ceranae and conduct a relevant investigation using PacBio single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology. Following PacBio SMRT sequencing, 41,950 circular consensus (CCS) were generated, and 25,068 full-length non-chimeric (FLNC) reads were then detected. After polishing, 4387 high-quality, full-length transcripts were gained. There are 778, 2083, 1202, 1559, 1457, 1232, 1702, and 3896 full-length transcripts that could be annotated to COG, GO, KEGG, KOG, Pfam, Swiss-Prot, eggNOG, and Nr databases, respectively. Additionally, 11 alternative splicing (AS) events occurred in 6 genes were identified, including 1 alternative 5′ splice-site and 10 intron retention. The structures of 225 annotated genes in the V. ceranae reference genome were optimized, of which 29 genes were extended at both 5′ UTR and 3′ UTR, while 90 and 106 genes were, respectively, extended at the 5′ UTR as well as 3′ UTR. Furthermore, a total of 29 high-confidence lncRNAs were obtained, including 12 sense-lncRNAs, 10 lincRNAs, and 7 antisense-lncRNAs. Taken together, the high-quality, full-length transcriptome of V. ceranae was constructed and annotated, the structures of annotated genes in the V. ceranae reference genome were improved, and abundant new genes, transcripts, and lncRNAs were discovered. Findings from this current work offer a valuable resource and a crucial foundation for molecular and omics research on V. ceranae.
Comparison of Six Measures of Genetic Similarity of Interspecific Brassicaceae Hybrids F2 Generation and Their Parental Forms Estimated on the Basis of ISSR Markers
Authors: Bocianowski Jan , Niemann Janetta , Jagieniak Anna , Szwarc Justyna
Published: August 2024

Genetic similarity determines the extent to which two genotypes share common genetic material. It can be measured in various ways, such as by comparing DNA sequences, proteins, or other genetic markers. The significance of genetic similarity is multifaceted and encompasses various fields, including evolutionary biology, medicine, forensic science, animal and plant breeding, and anthropology. Genetic similarity is an important concept with wide application across different scientific disciplines. The research material included 21 rapeseed genotypes (ten interspecific Brassicaceae hybrids of F2 generation and 11 of their parental forms) and 146 alleles obtained using 21 ISSR molecular markers. In the presented study, six measures for calculating genetic similarity were compared: Euclidean, Jaccard, Kulczyński, Sokal and Michener, Nei, and Rogers. Genetic similarity values were estimated between all pairs of examined genotypes using the six measures proposed above. For each genetic similarity measure, the average, minimum, maximum values, and coefficient of variation were calculated. Correlation coefficients between the genetic similarity values obtained from each measure were determined. The obtained genetic similarity coefficients were used for the hierarchical clustering of objects using the unweighted pair group method with an arithmetic mean. A multiple regression model was written for each method, where the independent variables were the remaining methods. For each model, the coefficient of multiple determination was calculated. Genetic similarity values ranged from 0.486 to 0.993 (for the Euclidean method), from 0.157 to 0.986 (for the Jaccard method), from 0.275 to 0.993 (for the Kulczyński method), from 0.272 to 0.993 (for the Nei method), from 0.801 to 1.000 (for the Rogers method) and from 0.486 to 0.993 (for the Sokal and Michener method). The results indicate that the research material was divided into two identical groups using any of the proposed methods despite differences in the values of genetic similarity coefficients. Two of the presented measures of genetic similarity (the Sokal and Michener method and the Euclidean method) were the same.
Conjunctive BSA-Seq and BSR-Seq to Map the Genes of Yellow Leaf Mutations in Hot Peppers (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Sun Guosheng , Zhang Changwei , Shan Xi , Zhang Zhenchao , Wang Wenlong , Lu Wenjun , Dai Zhongliang , E Liu , Wang Yaolong , Ma Zhihu , Hou Xilin
Published: August 2024

Yellow leaf mutations have been widely used to study the chloroplast structures, the pigment synthesis, the photosynthesis mechanisms and the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathways across various species. For this study, a spontaneous mutant with the yellow leaf color named 96-140YBM was employed to explore the primary genetic elements that lead to the variations in the leaf color of hot peppers. To identify the pathways and genes associated with yellow leaf phenotypes, we applied sequencing-based Bulked Segregant Analysis (BSA-Seq) combined with BSR-Seq. We identified 4167 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the mutant pool compared with the wild-type pool. The results indicated that DEGs were involved in zeatin biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, signal transduction mechanisms, post-translational modification and protein turnover. A total of 437 candidates were identified by the BSA-Seq, while the BSR-Seq pinpointed four candidate regions in chromosomes 8 and 9, containing 222 candidate genes. Additionally, the combination of BSA-Seq and BSR-Seq showed that there were 113 overlapping candidate genes between the two methods, among which 8 common candidates have been previously reported to be related to the development of chloroplasts, the photomorphogenesis and chlorophyll formation of plant chloroplasts and chlorophyll biogenesis. qRT-PCR analysis of the 8 common candidates showed higher expression levels in the mutant pool compared with the wild-type pool. Among the overlapping candidates, the DEG analysis showed that the CaKAS2 and CaMPH2 genes were down-regulated in the mutant pool compared to the wild type, suggesting that these genes may be key contributors to the yellow leaf phenotype of 96-140YBM. This research will deepen our understanding of the genetic basis of leaf color formation and provide valuable information for the breeding of hot peppers with diverse leaf colors.
A Structural Equation Model for Understanding the Relationship between Cognitive Reserve, Autonomy, Depression and Quality of Life in Aging
Authors: Gattuso Maria , Butti Stefania , Benincá Inaihá , Greco Andrea , Di Trani Michela , Morganti Francesca
Published: August 2024

In recent years, aging has become a focal point of scientific research and health policies due to the growing demographic trend of an aging worldwide population. Understanding the protective and risk factors that influence aging trajectories is crucial for designing targeted interventions that support healthy aging and improve people’s quality of life. The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between variables of aging. A total of 103 Italian participants (55–75 years old) underwent multidimensional assessments that covered cognitive, functional, emotional, and quality of life dimensions. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data and elucidate the relationships between depression, quality of life, cognitive reserve, executive functions, and daily autonomy. The findings revealed that a higher quality of life was associated with reduced depressive symptoms. In addition, cognitive reserve emerged as a protective factor positively correlated with both quality of life and daily autonomy. In this study, quality of life was determined using physical health, psychological, social relationships, and environmental domains. Identifying the significant relationships between these variables in a sample of late adults and young-aged people has given us useful elements for designing psycho-educational interventions that can be aimed at preventing frailty in later old age or supporting healthy longevity.
The Symbolization of Regional Elements Based on Local-Chronicle Text Mining and Image-Feature Extraction
Authors: Wu Lili , Cao Di , Yang Jinjin , Zhang Ruoyi , Yan Xinran
Published: August 2024

In the context of the information age, the symbolization of regional elements has become a crucial component in modern cartographic practice. The targeted identification of regional elements and the design of map symbols are prerequisites for realizing the symbolization of regional elements. Therefore, we propose a method to symbolize regional elements by combining textual analysis and image processing. Firstly, local chronicles are used as the textual information source, and regional elements are extracted through textual data mining. Second, the real image data of the elements are selected, and the image segmentation algorithm, clustering algorithm, etc., are used to extract contours and colors from the images and carry out corresponding symbol simplification and color matching, to create highly recognizable symbols. Finally, we apply the symbols to two map types: the thematic map and the tourist map, and design a questionnaire to evaluate the outcomes of the symbol design. After a thorough review, it has been found that the method is superior to related symbolization studies in terms of data source authority, symbol generation efficiency, and symbol information carrying. In conclusion, guided by interdisciplinary thinking, this study effectively combines theoretical analysis and design practice, proposes a new idea of symbolization, and opens up a new way for geographic information visualization.
Osteoporosis and Bone Fragility in Children: Diagnostic and Treatment Strategies
Authors: Cannalire Giuseppe , Biasucci Giacomo , Bertolini Lorenzo , Patianna Viviana , Petraroli Maddalena , Pilloni Simone , Esposito Susanna , Street Maria Elisabeth
Published: August 2024

The incidence of osteoporosis in children is increasing because of the increased survival rate of children with chronic diseases and the increased use of bone-damaging drugs. As childhood bone fragility has several etiologies, its management requires a thorough evaluation of all potentially contributing pathogenetic mechanisms. This review focuses on the main causes of primary and secondary osteoporosis and on the benefits and limits of the different radiological methods currently used in clinical practice for the study of bone quality. The therapeutic and preventive strategies currently available and the most novel diagnostic and treatment strategies are also presented. Optimal management of underlying systemic conditions is key for the treatment of bone fragility in childhood. DXA still represents the gold standard for the radiologic evaluation of bone health in children, although other imaging techniques such as computed tomography and ultrasound evaluations, as well as REMS, are increasingly studied and used. Bisphosphonate therapy is the gold standard for pharmacological treatment in both primary and secondary pediatric osteoporosis. Evidence and experience are building up relative to the use of monoclonal antibodies such as denosumab in cases of poor response to bisphosphonates in specific conditions such as osteogenesis imperfecta, juvenile Paget’s disease and in some cases of secondary osteoporosis. Lifestyle interventions including adequate nutrition with adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, as well as physical activity, are recommended for prevention.
Impact of Phlebotomy on Quality of Life in Low-Risk Polycythemia Vera
Authors: Visweshwar Nathan , Fletcher Bradley , Jaglal Michael , Laber Damian A. , Patel Ankita , Eatrides Jennifer , Rathnakumar Geetha Rajasekharan , Iyer Keshav Visweswaran , Ayala Irmel , Manoharan Arumugam
Published: August 2024

Polycythemia vera is an indolent myeloproliferative disorder that predisposes patients to venous and arterial thrombosis and can transform into myelofibrosis and acute myeloid leukemia. Consistent phlebotomy prevents life-threatening cerebrovascular and coronary artery disease and prolongs survival in low-risk polycythemia vera (patients under 60 years without thrombosis). However, despite its effectiveness in preventing serious complications, phlebotomy does not necessarily enhance the quality of life (QoL). This review assesses QoL issues associated with low-risk PV, explores alternative management strategies such as erythrocytapheresis, and discusses the roles of hydroxyurea, peginterferon, ruxolitinib, and other novel agents in potentially improving disease management and patient outcomes.
Impact of Exposure to Hand-Held Vibrating Tools on Patient-Reported Outcome Measures after Open Carpal Tunnel Release: A Retrospective Cohort Study with Matched Controls
Authors: Zimmerman Malin , Åselius Lisa , Dahlin Erik , Andersson Gert S. , Dahlin Lars B.
Published: August 2024

Objectives: Vibration exposure is a known risk factor for developing carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), and insufficient outcomes for surgery for CTS have been reported after such exposure. We aim to investigate whether vibration exposure affects patient-reported outcomes following open carpal tunnel release. Methods: From a population surgically treated for CTS (n = 962), we identified patients who reported previous or present vibration exposure, had undergone preoperative electrophysiology testing and answered the Quick Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) questionnaire before and at 12 months post-surgery (n = 23). We then matched the patients with controls based on age, sex, diabetes status, type of diabetes and smoking (n = 23). Results: Most of the patients included were men (17/23; 74% in each group) and had a mean age of 61 years. The preoperative electrophysiology results were slightly worse among vibration-exposed individuals, although the differences were not statistically significant. The QuickDASH scores did not differ between the two groups (preoperative QuickDASH scores in vibration-exposed individuals: median 45 [interquartile range; IQR 30–61]; non-exposed individuals: 43 [25–64], p = 0.68; postoperative 12 months QuickDASH score in vibration-exposed individuals: 20 [2–45]; non-exposed individuals: 14 [5–34], p = 0.87). Conclusions: When controlling for known confounders, vibration-exposed individuals can expect the same symptom relief following open carpal tunnel release as non-exposed individuals. Individual assessments and treatment of CTS are warranted if there is a history of vibration exposure.
Dynamic Repair Surgery for Late-Stage Facial Paralysis: Advances in Restoring Movement and Function
Authors: Sun Qing , Li Xing , Zhu Zhihui , Xiang Xiting , Zhang Tao
Published: August 2024

Purpose: Facial paralysis results from congenital or acquired facial nerve damage, leading to significant cosmetic and functional deficits. Surgical resection of parotid and midface tumors can cause facial paralysis, necessitating effective treatment strategies. This review addresses the challenge of restoring movement and function in late-stage facial paralysis, focusing on dynamic repair techniques involving nerve and muscle transplantation. Methods: The review encompasses studies on dynamic repair surgery for late facial paralysis, including techniques such as local muscle flap with pedicle transfer, vascularized nerve flap with pedicle transfer, and multiple muscle flap procedures. A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, covering studies from 2000 to 2024. Keywords included “dynamic repair”, “late-stage facial paralysis”, “nerve and muscle transplantation”, “muscle flap”, and “tendon transposition”. Included were clinical studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses reporting surgical outcomes. Exclusion criteria included studies with insufficient data and non-peer-reviewed articles. Results: Dynamic repair techniques involving nerve and muscle transplantation are essential for treating late-stage facial paralysis. Each surgical method has strengths and limitations. The masseter muscle flap demonstrates high success rates, although it can cause horizontal tension and jaw contour issues. The temporalis muscle flap is effective for smile restoration but may lead to temporal concavity. The gracilis muscle flap is widely used, especially with dual nerve innervation, showing high success in spontaneous smiles but requiring a longer recovery period. The latissimus dorsi flap is effective but can cause edema and shoulder issues. The serratus anterior free flap offers flexibility with precise vector positioning but may not achieve adequate lip elevation and can cause cheek swelling. Combined multi-flap surgeries provide more natural facial expressions but increase surgical complexity and require advanced microsurgical skills. Conclusions: Dual nerve innervation shows promise for restoring spontaneous smiles. One-stage surgery offers faster recovery and reduced financial burden. Comprehensive patient evaluation is crucial to select the most suitable surgical method. Dynamic repair techniques involving nerve and muscle transplantation provide effective solutions for restoring function and aesthetics in late-stage facial paralysis. Future research should focus on long-term outcomes, patient satisfaction, and standardizing surgical protocols to optimize treatment strategies.
Radiographic Knee Osteoarthritis Is a Risk Factor for the Development of Dementia: Locomotive Syndrome and Health Outcomes in the Aizu Cohort Study
Authors: Endo Yuji , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Watanabe Kazuyuki , Otani Koji , Otoshi Kenichi , Numazaki Hironori , Sekiguchi Miho , Sato Mari , Nikaido Takuya , Ono Rei , Konno Shin-ichi , Matsumoto Yoshihiro
Published: August 2024

Objective: Osteoarthritis is linked to dementia, but no longitudinal studies have established this connection. This prospective cohort study from the Locomotive Syndrome and Health Outcome in Aizu Cohort Study (LOHAS) aimed to determine if knee osteoarthritis (KOA) independently predicts dementia in adults aged 65 and above. Methods: Participants were classified by the Kellgren–Laurence scale into no/minimal KOA (grades 0 and I) and definitive KOA (grade II or higher). We analyzed dementia incidence from 2009 to 2015 using long-term care insurance data, adjusting for age, sex, vascular risks, depressive symptoms, and activity levels. Results: Out of 1089 participants (58.9% female, average age 72.5), 72.0% had definitive KOA. Dementia occurrence was significantly higher in the definitive group (8.4%) compared to the no/minimal group (3.0%) (p < 0.001). A log-rank test and Cox regression analysis confirmed these findings, showing an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.29 (confidence interval: 1.12–4.68) for dementia in those with definitive KOA. Conclusions: These results suggest that KOA is a significant risk factor for dementia, highlighting the importance of addressing contributing factors in KOA patients to potentially slow the progression of dementia.
Severe Hypertension in Pregnancy: Progress Made and Future Directions for Patient Safety, Quality Improvement, and Implementation of a Patient Safety Bundle
Authors: Prior Alissa , Taylor Isabel , Gibson Kelly S. , Allen Christie
Published: August 2024

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy account for approximately 5% of pregnancy-related deaths in the United States and are one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity. Focus on improving patient outcomes in the setting of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy has increased in recent years, and quality improvement initiatives have been implemented across the United States. This paper discusses patient safety and quality initiatives for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, with an emphasis on progress made and a patient safety tool: the Alliance for Innovation on Maternal Health’s Severe Hypertension in Pregnancy patient safety bundle. Future patient safety and quality directions for the treatment of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy will be reviewed.