bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Igualdades e desigualdades sociais sob a ótica da filosofia
Authors: Silva Adeilson Jorge da
Published: April 2024

Este trabalho faz uma abordagem do princípio constitucional da igualdade e também das desigualdades sociais a partir do direito, e, utilizando da literatura procura compará-las assim com o pensamento filosófico. O objetivo proposto é buscar produzir uma discussão sobre o рrіnсíріо соnѕtіtuсіоnаl dа іguаldаdе, apesar das desigualdades, a partir de sua aplicação e abrangência sob a ótica de filósofos e pensadores. Realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica oferecendo assim um campo fértil para a discussão acerca das implicações éticas subjacentes à interpretação do princípio da igualdade de todos perante a lei. Os resultados revelam que são inúmeras as diferenças sociais que existem na sociedade brasileira e que ainda precisam ser derrubadas. Apesar dos esforços legislativos sobre a igualdade social esta ainda está longe de garantir real igualdade entre a população no Brasil. Conclui-se que a luta é, por fim, pela igualdade determinada pela constituição, mas, que não tem garantida a sua efetividade.
Efeito do fertilizante de extrato de algas de água doce na qualidade fisiológica de soja
Authors: Fidelis Rodrigo Ribeiro , Sousa Pedro Lucca Reis , Tavares Taynar Coelho de Oliveira , Fernandes Patrícia Sumara Moreira , Lopes Millena Barreira , Silva Dayara Vieira , Barros Rayner Sales , Bequiman Raony dos Santos
Published: April 2024

Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de sojas da cultivar M8644 cultivada sob diferentes concentrações do extrato de algas de água doce Ferticell Universal 3-0-1, à base de Chlorella sp. e enriquecido com Azospirillum sp. Para realização da pesquisa utilizou-se sementes da safra 2019/2020 provenientes do Campus experimental da UFT, que avaliou 5 tratamentos com diferentes concentrações do produto Ferticell, sendo a primeira dose a testemunha com 0 ml/l de concentração do produto, dose 2 contendo 0,5 ml/l, dose 3 com 1,0 ml/l, dose 4 com 1,5 ml/l e a dose 5 com 2,0 ml/l aplicados por meio de pulverizador costal com volume de calda de 200 l/ha . Em laboratório o delineamento experimental usado foi o inteiramente casualizado e os testes foram realizados com 4 repetições. As avaliações foram realizadas no Laboratório de Fitotecnia do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal da Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus de Gurupi. A qualidade fisiológica das sementes foi avaliada através dos testes de tetrazólio, germinação e envelhecimento acelerado. Conclui-se que o uso do extrato de alga de água doce Ferticell Universal 3-0-1, não interferiu negativamente na qualidade fisiológica das sementes de soja.
SVF Therapy of Delayed Fracture Union in Patients with Multiple Combat Injury. Case Report
Authors: Maslennikov Serhii , Kozhemyaka Maxym , Golovakha Maxym
Published: April 2024

Delayed union of fractures is one of the most frequent complications in orthopedic practice, especially in polytrauma patients. With the development of new methods of regenerative medicine, including the use of adipose derived stromal cells as a component of the stromal-vascular fraction (SVF), new possibilities for conservative treatment of this problem have emerged. This article presents a clinical case of conservative treatment of delayed union of a radial bone fracture using local SVF injections. In the fracture space, SVF with PRP creates a pool of cells that could differentiate towards surrounding tissue, releases various inducers of tissue growth and, via an indirect chemotactic effect on receptors, mobilizes the body’s own resources and creates conditions for angiogenesis and trophism in the injured segment. In the patient with delayed consolidation after SFV-therapy, progress in clinical and radiological dynamics was noted with complete healing within 7 months. The positive clinical result provides a basis for further study and implementation in practice.
Comparación del Aprendizaje Basado en Preguntas y el Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos en el rendimiento académico y la comprensión conceptual de estudiantes de Octavo semestre de Ingeniería Ambiental
Authors: Jiménez-Jumbo Luis David , Yedra-Machado David Alejandro , Pineda-Guevara Bertha Marina , Tanquino-Peralta Wilson Andres
Published: April 2024

La investigación presenta un estudio detallado que analiza cómo dos enfoques pedagógicos diferentes influyen en el desempeño académico y la comprensión conceptual de los estudiantes universitarios de Ingeniería Ambiental en su octavo semestre. El estudio evaluó individualmente el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes en dos grupos: aquellos que participaron en actividades de Aprendizaje Basado en Preguntas; y aquellos que se involucraron en el Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos. Posteriormente, se compararon los resultados obtenidos en pruebas escritas y prácticas. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que el enfoque basado en preguntas demostró ser más efectivo en la mejora del rendimiento académico en pruebas conceptuales, lo que sugiere una mayor comprensión teórica y la capacidad de aplicar conceptos abstractos a problemas específicos. Por otro lado, el enfoque basado en proyectos mostró mejores resultados en las pruebas prácticas, lo que indica una mejor aplicación de los conocimientos adquiridos en situaciones reales y la capacidad para resolver problemas de manera práctica. Estos hallazgos resaltan la importancia de considerar los diferentes enfoques educativos y sus efectos en áreas específicas del aprendizaje. Además, destacan la necesidad de una enseñanza equilibrada que integre tanto la teoría como la práctica para proporcionar a los estudiantes una educación completa y prepararlos para enfrentar los desafíos del campo de la Ingeniería Ambiental de manera efectiva.
PERCEPÇÃO DE RISCOS E RESILIÊNCIA A INUNDAÇÕES: ESTUDO DE CASO EM CRUZEIRO DO SUL – ACRE
Authors: Santos George Luiz Pereira , Pimentel Alan dos Santos , Silva Iranilson Neri da , Fidélis Maria Teresa da Silva , Souza Lucas Barbosa e
Published: April 2024

A Cidade de Cruzeiro do Sul (Acre-Brasil), cidade mais populosa de sua região administrativa e a segunda maior do estado, tem sofrido nos últimos anos com eventos de inundações que ocasionam danos e prejuízos severos à população afetada. Este artigo teve por objetivo descrever em linhas gerais os eventos de inundações em Cruzeiro do Sul e apresentar medidas para a redução de riscos de ocorrência e a minimização dos seus efeitos, com ênfase na percepção de riscos e resiliência. A partir da série histórica (1995 a 2022) do Rio Juruá, analisaram-se as ocorrências de 2017 a 2022, quando, em função da magnitude, foram decretadas Situação de Emergência e/ou Estado de Calamidade Pública (exceto em 2020). Planos de Contingência, sistemas de monitoramento, alerta e alarme, ferramentas de geotecnologia e exercícios simulados foram identificados como medidas que contribuem para o aprimoramento da percepção de riscos e ampliação da resiliência diante da exposição da população aos riscos desse tipo de desastre.
A FOTOGRAFIA E O ATO DE FOTOGRAFAR NAS AULAS DE CIÊNCIAS
Authors: Silva Ana Maria da Conceição , Chapadense Francesca Guaracyaba Garcia
Published: April 2024

A imagem fotográfica atualmente é tão presente na vida das pessoas que pode se tornar um recurso didático eficiente, principalmente através das modernidades que circulam pelas salas de aula, como os aparelhos celulares. A fotografia é uma excelente fonte de informação e até de motivação para que os alunos se percebam também como capazes de produzir o conhecimento. Neste sentido, este artigo teve por objetivo relatar a experiência do registro fotográfico por alunos do 9º ano do ensino fundamental (EF) a partir de conhecimentos sobre fotografia, sendo está o instrumento utilizado na percepção e interpretação sobre a temática Preservação ambiental. É uma pesquisa qualitativa e consistiu em dois momentos: uma revisão bibliográfica abordando sobre a imagem fotográfica e uma pesquisa de campo. Considerando o nível escolar dos alunos, os resultados mostraram interesse e aprendizado deles quanto aos vários aspectos que compõe a imagem fotográfica tanto na teoria quanto ao fazer os registros das imagens. Percebeu-se que a fotografia e o ato fotografar podem se constituir importante instrumento educativo, pois, estimula a habilidade de observação e reflexão dos alunos na medida em que a fotografia proporciona informações sobre os lugares, as pessoas e os momentos.
CONDIÇÕES DE SAÚDE E BIOPSICOSSOCIAIS DAS RENDEIRAS DO PIAUÍ: UM ESTUDO DESCRITIVO
Authors: Silva Maria de Jesus Sousa da , Sato Tatiana de Oliveira , Araújo Nívia Cecília Kruta de
Published: April 2024

A produção de renda de bilro é expressiva no Brasil. O trabalho das rendeiras é tanto físico quanto mental, pois são necessárias habilidades cognitivas para tecer a renda.  O manuseio dos bilros demanda movimentos repetitivos dos braços, punhos e mãos, com manutenção de flexão do tronco e da cervical, todo o trabalho é realizado na postura sentada. A manutenção dessas posturas e a realização de movimentos repetitivos durante o trabalho, podem causar prejuízos à saúde dessas profissionais, como o surgimento de distúrbios musculoesqueléticos. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as condições de saúde e biopsicossociais das rendeiras da Associação das Mulheres Rendeiras de Ilha Grande-PI. Para isso foram aplicados os seguintes questionários: Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares (QNSO), Questionário de Roland-Morris (QRM), Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho (ICT), Escala de Estresse no Trabalho (JCQ) e Nível de Atividade Física (IPAQ).  A amostra contou com 41 rendeiras. A maioria das rendeiras estavam na faixa etária entre 45 e 59 anos (34,1%); tinham baixa escolaridade (ensino fundamental incompleto: 58,5%); 61% eram casadas; 58,5% faziam renda há mais de 20 anos; a maioria relatou boa (48,8%) ou ótima (26,8%) capacidade de trabalho e altos índices de hipertensão arterial (43,9%). A prevalência de distúrbios musculoesqueléticos nos últimos 12 meses foi maior (na parte superior das costas:58,5%; ombros:51,2% e parte inferior das costas: 48,8%.  Quanto a atividade física, 31,7% mulheres eram ativas e 26,8% muito ativas fisicamente. Neste estudo, traçou-se o perfil das rendeiras em relação à capacidade de trabalho e condições de saúde, identificando os fatores de risco, o que mostrou a necessidade de se realizar orientações e medidas preventivas, a fim de se evitar distúrbios musculoesqueléticos.
Valori etice
Authors: Narița Ionel
Published: April 2024

The ethical propositions of the form e = „The fact p is good” have not a determined truth value. Like any other proposition, the truth value of the proposition e is determined only relatively to a context, arriving to „The fact p is good relatively to the context x”. Establishing the truth value for the ethical proposition e means to assert an ethical value to the fact p. This task can be accomplished either giving a value to the variable x or by its quantification. In the first case, the contextual ethical values are defined, while, in the second situation, the modal ethical values are achieved.
Conceptual comparison of "political question" and "religious question" doctrines - Autonomy of churches and religious communities and the scope of judicial review
Authors: Marković Vasilije
Published: April 2024

In this paper author performs a comparative conceptual analysis of two non-justicability doctrines born in the practice of the US Supreme Court - the political question doctrine and the religious question doc- trine. The rationales for both doctrines are somewhat complementary and are contained in the principle of separation of powers, ie the separation between state and church, as well as the epistemological impossibility of the courts to delve into issues that are political or religious at their essence. In the second part of the paper, author analyzes various theoretical attempts to, in the absence of clear guidelines arising from case law, clearly shape the religious question doctrine, i.e. limit its application, since the absolute exclusion of issues that contain an admixture of a religious component from judicial control in modern secular state is not acceptable. In this sense, theoretical attempts that distinguish between normative and positive religious issues, those that arise within the framework of public and private law, were analyzed, as well as the attempt of the so-called secular translation, as a modality of limiting the religious question doctrine. Nevertheless, the author in the paper, starting from the historical development of the religious question doctrine, points out the (re)affirmation of the institutional autonomy of churches and religious communities as the core and the most consistent criterion for shaping this doctrine. Questions of self-determination of churches and religious communities (such as internal organization regulation, the election of leaders, and the formulation of one’s own religious teaching) must therefore undoubtedly remain beyond the reach of judicial review. The author concludes in the paper that the further course of development of the religious question doctrine, ie will it be stable and predictable, and thus legitimate, or will it be non-linear and turbulent, as is the case with the political question doctrine in contemporary legal systems, will exclusively depend on adherence to this criterion of institutional autonomy of churches and religious communities.
Uloga organa državne uprave u ostvarivanјu slobode vjeroispovijesti
Authors: Vranješ Nevenko , Vlaški Bojan , Romić Marko
Published: April 2024

Kao jedna od osnovnih lјudskih sloboda – sloboda vjeoroispovijesti predstavlјa osjetlјivo prostranstvo za normativnu dje- latnost države. Ipak nužnu, i zbog toga svaka savremena država, bez obzira na oblik državnog uređenja, teži da svojim ustavnim dokumentima statuira, bar načelno, poštovanje slobode vjeroispovijesti svakog njenog građanina. Pomenuta normativna pažlјivost još više mora doći do izražaja kada se zakonskim aktima regulišu načini ostvarivanja slobode vjeroispovijesti. Imajući to u vidu, pokušali smo da u uvodnom poglavlјu podsjetimo na važnost i ulogu slobode vjeroispovijesti za svaku državu, dok smo u drugom dijelu govorili o slobodi vjeroispovijesti, ali u kontekstu organizacije državne uprave. Poslјednja dva pitanja, koja se tiču registracije crkava i vjerskih zajednica i praćenja ostvarivanja slobode vjeroispovijesti, predstavlјaju najvažnija pitanja rada, iz kojih proishodi naš zaklјučak o važnosti državne uprave za ostvarivanje slobode vjeroispovijesti.
Imperija, narod, nacija: da li su odredbe crkvenog prava primjenјive u svakoj političkoj zajednici?
Authors: Đogo Darko
Published: April 2024

U kanonskom pravu Pravoslavne Crkve danas nije uobičajeno da se prilikom opisivanja odnosa Crkve i države postavlјaju pitanja o karakteru, ustrojstvu, društvenoj dinamici ili razlogu postojanja određene države. Ipak, pokazalo se da takav pristup ne daje dovolјno dobre rezultate kada se radi o osmišlјenom koncipovanju odnosa Crkve i države. U istorijskoj i teorijskoj perspektivi, takav odnos zatamnjuje problematiku nepostojanja univerzalne pravoslavne imperije koja bi stupila na mjesto konstantinopolјskih careva i time omogućila reaktuelizaciju onih aspekata crkvenog prava koji su nastali podrazumijevajući jednu takvu političku stvarnost. Ništa manje nije važan problem određivanja Crkve prema biopolitičkim promjenama u savremenom društvu. Pokazalo se, takođe, da je suštinski značajno uočiti fenomene etničkog inženjeringa, savremene etnogeneze i razbijanja jedinstva Pravoslavne Crkve kako bi se tim fenomenima pristupilo na odgovarajući način i preduzela dejstva za suočavanje sa njihovim štetnim djelovanjem.
A temple or a tomb? Chapel controversy before the Constitutional Court of Montenegro
Authors: Stojanović Matija
Published: April 2024

This article presents the so-called “Chapel Controversy” regarding the 1972 removal of the burial place of Peter II Petrović-Njegoš, which was erected on the top of Mount Lovćen and its replacement with a Mausoleum, focusing on its legal aspects i.e. the case brought by the Metropolitanate of Montenegro and the Littoral of the Serbian Orthodox Church before the Constitutional Court of Yugoslavia in 1970, which was later delegated to the Constitutional Court of Montenegro. This paper consists of five parts. After the introduction, the second chapter will present a brief history of Peter II Petrović-Njegoš and the Chapel leading up to the case before the Constitutional Court. In the third part, we will present the case itself in order to have it critically examined in the fourth part. We will conclude with the fifth part, where we will present how this issue relates to contemporary Montenegro.
Cooperation between church and state. German and European perspectives
Authors: Robbers Gerhard
Published: April 2024

Cooperation between state and religious communities is the mod- ern way of the relationship between partners. It is a system especially suit- able for the traditional Christian Orthodox approach of symphonía. In different settings, cooperation is practiced in states like France, the United Kingdom, Germany, and beyond. The European Union has laid the basis for its cooperation with religious communities.
Legal basis for the formation of relations between the state and churches and other religious organisations in Poland
Authors: Syryt Aleksandra
Published: April 2024

The legal framework for relations between the state and churches, and other religious organizations in Poland is set out in the Constitution. Constitutional provisions define the scope of religious freedom in the institutional dimension and the individual dimension. These solutions constitute an impassable limit of the legislator’s and bodies’ activities applying the law to shape the relations between the state and religious organizations. The article aims to present the constitutional model of religious relations in Poland based on legal provisions and jurisprudence of the Constitutional Tribunal. In addition, it will be indicated how the main elements of this model function in practice, both from the perspective of the state and in relation to churches and religious associations.
Churches and religious societies in the Czech Republic – private or public institutions?
Authors: Frumarová Kateřina
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the legal nature and status of churches in the Czech Republic and the extent of their autonomy. It follows indirectly from the Czech legislation that three “levels” of the status of churches are distinguished: churches as an association of persons (without legal subjectivity), registered churches (having the status of a legal entity under private law) and registered churches with so-called special authorizations (legal entities under private law with authorizations of a public nature). It is a rather complex system where, in addition, to register a church and grant special rights, a certain form of state intervention is required - the issuance of an administrative decision.
The system of sources of state religious law in the Slovak Republic
Authors: Vladár Vojtech
Published: April 2024

Every state dispose of his own system of sources of state religious law, typically derived from history and quality of its relationships with the individual churches and religious societies of its territory. Right these rules regulate individual, as well as institutional religious freedom, considered nowadays to be one of the most important measures of cultural forwardness of given country and achieved level of the democratization of society. Although the Slovak Republic belongs to the states, where for the whole decades the socialist regime was applied that seriously endangered not only churches and religious societies, but even their believers, the contemporary system of sources of state religious law do not differ markedly from the majority of advanced European states, not omitting Western ones. Undisputed quality and guarantee of individual and institutional religious freedom provide not only internal sources of law, but even international Basic Treaty between the Slovak Republic and the Holy See that found its reflection in analogous (thought internal by its nature) Agreement between the Slovak Republic and Registered Churches and Religious Societies. The main goal of the article is to present in more detail the system of sources of state religious law in the Slovak Republic, pointing out its particularities, advantages, as well as insufficiencies.
State and religion in post–Yugoslav states: is there a post–Yugoslav model of religion–state relationship?
Authors: Đukić Dalibor
Published: April 2024

The paper delves into the legal framework governing state–religion relations in the states that emerged following the dissolution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Initially, the author outlines potential models of state–religion relations within which the post–Yugoslav states can be categorized. Subsequently, a detailed examination is conducted on the constitutional and legal provisions, allowing for the deduction of the model characterizing the state’s relationship with religion in each of the six post–Yugoslav states. The concluding section of the paper contemplates the existence of a distinct post–Yugoslav model of state–religion relations. Identifying the precise model of state–religion relations, even within a single state, often poses a formidable challenge. However, it is somewhat more feasible to identify several models along a spectrum that a particular state is navigating. At the core of this spectrum lies the cooperation model, yet in all post–Yugoslav states, their respective models tend to incline towards a higher degree of positive identification between religion and the state.
Some reflections on the non–derogable character of freedom of thought, conscious and religion and the concept of absolute human rights
Authors: Matijević Milica V. , Zdravković Ana
Published: April 2024

Certain human rights are considered to be of an absolute nature because the interests they protect reflect the core values of human society. For many scholars, the outstanding importance of absolute rights is epitomised in their non–derogability, which is taken to be the main formal criterion for their delineation from other human rights. However, there are also views that non–derogability is not necessarily a manifestation of the fundamental importance of a right but that it can also ensue from its other characteristics. An illustration of this is typically found in the freedom of thought, conscious and religion, as laid down in Article 18 of the ICCPR. In the paper, the authors analyse possible reasons that may justify the non–derogable status of Article 18, as a way to gain further insights in the relationship between non–derogability and the concept of absolute rights. The outcome of the analysis provides arguments in favour of the thesis that non–derogability is closely related to the fundamental importance of a right and, as such, should remain among the key criteria for definition of absolute rights.
Freedom of religion and belief in internal and external European Union policies
Authors: Knežević Bojović Ana , Ćorić Vesn
Published: April 2024

The European Union (EU) has carved out a specific approach to the issues of religion and belief in its legislative framework and policies, which is largely aligned with the standards built through the interpretation of the European Convention on Human Rights. Litigation on the issue of freedom of religion and belief is on the rise before the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), while in parallel the EU seems to be stepping up its efforts to tackle the given issue in its internal and external actions. The EU approach to the issue of freedom of religion or belief, remains somewhat fragmented, while its internal and external policies are not always mutually aligned. The paper provides an overview of EU’s regulatory and monitoring framework related to the freedom of religion and belief in EU’s internal and external policies, and outlines the developments in the CJEU caselaw concerning the prohibition of discrimination in the area of employment and in the context of the refugee status. The paper points out the limitations of the current EU approach.
The development of primary law regarding the relation between the European Union and churches and religious communities
Authors: Trnavac Milutin
Published: April 2024

The development of relation between the European Union and churches and religious communities was initially based on an informal dialogue, expressed through the exchange of views of European Union’s officials and representatives of certain churches and religious communities. These views were developed and harmonised with the development of the institutions of the European Union as a supranational organisation, with the tendency of gradual institutionalisation of the relation between the European Union and churches and religious communities, until this relation was precisely defined. Bearing in mind that primary law is the basis for all the other acts adopted by the institutions of the European Union, the best conclusion can be drawn from the analysis of the texts of the founding acts, on how they were regulated and how these acts were developed in terms of the relationship towards churches and religious communities and freedom of religion. This paper includes the analysis of the development of primary law and the institutionalisation of relations between the European Union and churches and religious communities, starting from the founding treaties to the Lisbon Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.
"Digitalna religija" – pravni izazovi ubrzanog prelaska iz oflajn u onlajn okruženјe
Authors: Avramović Dragutin
Published: April 2024

Ubrzani razvoj informacionih tehnologija otvorio je ogroman novi prostor – sajberprostor, kao arenu u kojoj se može praktikovati sloboda veroispovesti i ostvarivati novi vid kontakta između vernika i crkve odnosno verskih zajednica. To je istovremeno i prostor u kome se mogu sučelјavati različita verska učenja, nasta- jati nove crkve i dogme, pa i one u kojima veštačka inteligencija dobija ulogu „digitalnog boga”. U prvom delu rada se analiziraju različita stanovišta o pojmu „digitalne religije”. Savremeni tehnološki trendovi neumitno ukazuju na mogućnost da se pojam digitalne religije, proširi i na područje uticaja veštačke inteligencije. Drugi deo rada posvećen je uticaju pandemije kovida 19, koji je predstavlјao prekretnicu u pogledu korišćenja digitalnih tehnologija u verske svrhe, na ubrzanje prelaska iz oflajn u onlajn okruženje. U centralnom delu rada se ispituje nekoliko značajnih pravnih izazova koje donosi „digitalna religija” prvenstveno u pogledu slobode veroispovesti. Tu su izdvojeni opasnost od „digitalnog autoritarizma” od strane država, ali i tehnoloških kompanija, kao i opasnost od zloupotrebe društvenih mreža u kontekstu nesagledivog i munjevitog razvoja veštačke inteligencije. U radu se zauzima stav o potrebi stvaranja adekvatnog državnopravnog okvira kao brane mogućim brojnim zloupotrebama. Postojeći pravni okviri nisu dovolјni, niti je ideja o priznavanju „elektronskog subjektiviteta” veštačkoj inteligenciji put ka rešavanju problema. Pored neophodnih normativnih okvira, od značaja je i teorijsko promišlјanje ovog fenomena. Autor zagovara ideju vraćanja prirodnopravnoj teoriji priznavanja lјudskih (u osnovi prirodnih) prava samo lјudima (prvenstveno ličnih). Zalaže se za stav da „verski roboti” i „digitalni bog” egzistencijalno mogu ugroziti homo sapiensa redizajniranjem realnosti i duhovnosti. Verska osećanja, a na kraju krajeva i druga fundementalna osećanja, isklјučivo su povezana sa lјudima.
Crkva, digitalne tehnologije i metaverzum – Pledoaje za neophodnost i način pravnog regulisanja –
Authors: Ćeranić Perišić Jelena , Višekruna Aleksandra
Published: April 2024

Svakodnevna upotreba interneta unela je promene u svim segmentima savremenog života. Svet se ubrzano kreće u pravcu preoblikovanja lјudskog društva koje karakteriše sveobuhvatna povezanost. Tehnologija je prodrla u sve pore društva, čak i u versku praksu, što otvara niz pitanja i nosi brojne izazove. Iskustvo pandemije kovida 19 ubrzalo je i učinilo vidlјivijim korišćenje informacionih tehnologija u verske svrhe. Tokom pandemije, crkva je digitalne platforme, kao što su Jutjub i Zum, koristila samo kao alate za prenošenje postojećih verskih obreda iz realnog sveta u digitalni prostor. Priroda tih sredstava komunikacije drugačija je od virtuelne realnosti i metaverzuma kao digitalne realnosti. Stoga se pitanje verske prakse u metaverzumu, gde se sve odvija isklјučivo onlajn, percipira kao korak dalјe, što uvećava postojeće izazove, strahove i strepnje. U radu je najpre predstavlјen razvoj verske prakse na internetu koji je sagledan kroz prizmu razvoja nove terminologije i shvatanja interneta – kao sredstva ili kao okruženja. Nakon toga razmotren je uticaj pandemije kovida 19 na praktikovanje religije onlajn. Centralni deo rada posvećen je pitanju crkve u metaverzumu, u okviru koga je objašnjen fenomen metaverzuma, napravlјena diferencijacija između crkve onlajn i onlajn crkve u metaverzumu i predočen stav vodećih hrišćanskih denominacija u vezi sa crkvom u metaverzumu. Naposletku su analizirani teološki izazovi verske prakse u metaverzumu i ukazano je na neophodnost i način pravnog regulisanja ove problematike.
A behavioral science perspective over the growing religious intolerance in cyber space
Authors: Sahni Sanjeev P.
Published: April 2024

Social media has become an integral part of our lives, providing a platform for communication, sharing, and networking. However, with the increasing use of social media, we have also witnessed a rise in religion-based hate crimes and church vandalism in cyberspace. This paper aims to explore these issues from a behavioral science perspective. The paper provides an overview of the current state of religion-based hate crimes and church vandalism in cyberspace. It will delve into the various types of attacks that occur, including hate speech, harassment, and vandalism. The paper examines the different platforms used for these attacks, including social media, messaging apps, and forums. It analyses the psychological and social factors that contribute to religion-based hate crimes and church vandalism in cyberspace. This includes the influence of group dynamics, the effects of anonymity, and the impact of confirmation bias. The paper discusses the role of social media companies in mitigating these issues. This includes examining the effectiveness of current policies, as well as exploring potential solutions, such as algorithmic interventions and community-based approaches. The paper draws on a range of case studies and examples from around the world, highlighting the global nature of this problem. It will also explore the challenges of addressing religion-based hate crime and church vandalism in cyberspace, including the difficulties in regulating social media platforms and holding perpetrators accountable. The paper examines some of the strategies that can be employed to prevent and combat these crimes, including education, awareness-raising, and community-based initiatives. Finally, it provides recommendations for individuals and organizations to prevent and respond to religion-based hate crimes and church vandalism in cyberspace. This includes strategies for promoting tolerance, combating confirmation bias, and fostering positive online behavior.
Awareness of cyber space: reducing communal and religious intolerance on social media
Authors: Sahni Monica
Published: April 2024

Cyberspace offers autonomy for communication and expressing opinion. In India, there is an increase of 1.8% of offences in 2020 over the previous year. There have been about 578 incidents of fake news on social media, 972 cases of cyber stalking or bullying women and children, 149 incidents of fake profiles and 98 of data theft. Social media is regularly used by all age groups is also misused to spread violent messages, comments, and hateful speech. Hateful speech is observed to threaten democracy, deny people their personal freedoms, or stereotype. The current paper identifies strategies that school teachers can use to spread feelings of religious tolerance, help students identify the accurate information on social media, identifying fake news on social media, using chatrooms with caution so as to reduce the incidence of any communal or religious violence.
Suština i svrha kazni – imaju li krivično i crkveno pravo nešto zajedničko?
Authors: Ristić Anđela
Published: April 2024

Rad se bavi uporednom analizom suštine i svrhe kazni u pozitivnom srpskom krivičnom pravu i u pravoslavnom crkvenom kaznenom pravu, a kako bi se norme krivičnog i crkvenog prava bolјe razumele i pravilno tumačile, biće izloženi i teorijski pogledi na ovu temu. U ovom razmatranju zaklјučuje se da krivično i crkveno pravo, svako u svom domenu, svrhu kazni poimaju skoro istovetno. Svrha kako crkvenih tako i krivičnopravnih sankcija, trebalo bi da je u njiho- vom višestrukom preventivnom dejstvu, ali u shvatanju svrhe kazni postoje razlike i osobenosti koje će biti zanimlјivo ispitati. Za razliku od nauke crkvenog kaznenog prava, u krivičnopravnoj literaturi retko se piše o suštini kazne. Češće se sreću izlaganja o prirodi, pravnom osnovu i cilјu kazne kao krivične sankcije. Posredni predmet ovog rada biće upravo razgraničenje pojmova – suštine kazne od njene svrhe, prirode kazne od njenog cilјa. Ovo je naročito važno zbog toga što se na prvi pogled, instinktivno, suština kazne može izjednačiti sa njenom svrhom. Cilј rada, između ostalog, jeste da se putem istraživanja zajedničkih osobina i upoređivanja razlika u poimanju kazne, makar na teorijskom nivou, ispita odnos i mogući međusoban uticaj krivičnog i crkvenog prava. Radi ostvarenja ovako postavlјenog cilјa, biće razmatrana pojedina načela i drugi instituti, kako krivičnog tako i crkvenog kaznenog prava, čiji je uticaj na suštinu i svrhu kazne značajan.
La repressione della pedofilia ecclesiastica e il divieto di bis in idem tra CEDU, Convenzione di Schengen e Trattato lateranense
Authors: Lo Iacono Pietro
Published: April 2024

L’articolo analizza la tematica concernente l’eventuale applicabilità del principio ne bis in idem al rapporto intercorrente tra l’ordinamento canonico e quello italiano. Secondo la consolidata giurisprudenza della Corte di Cassazione, al quesito va data, attualmente, risposta negativa. Il divieto del doppio giudizio non può essere ricondotto, infatti, alle norme internazionali generalmente riconosciute, norme la cui vigenza è espressamente affermata dall’art. 10 della Costituzione italiana. Non risultano poi applicabili norme pattizie: la S. Sede non ha mai sottoscritto né la Convenzione Europea dei Diritti dell’Uomo, né la Convenzione di Applicazione dell’Accordo di Schengen; il Trattato del Laterano, stipulato tra la S. Sede e l’Italia, non affronta la questione. L’art. 20 del Trattato stabilisce semplicemente, infatti, l’inesistenza di barriere doganali tra la Città del Vaticano e la Repubblica italiana; l’art. 23 regolamenta, al comma 1, la rilevanza in Italia delle sentenze emanate dai tribunali vaticani, organi giudiziari del tutto distinti da quelli canonici. L’art. 23, comma 2, è dedicato, infine, alla rilevanza civile delle sentenze eccle- siastiche, ma ciò non esclude che la giurisdizione italiana possa esercitarsi sugli stessi fatti. È altresì legittimo che i tribunali statali possano desumere elementi probatori dalle pronunce canoniche.
Vjerski službenik kao svjedok u krivičnom postupku
Authors: Buha Milijana
Published: April 2024

Svjedočenje u krivičnom postupku je dužnost, jer sud može da pribjegne i represivnim mjerama ako se svjedok ne odazove na poziv za svjedočenje, to jest ako izbjegava da dođe. Pravo da odbiju svjedočenje u krivičnom postupku je privilegija lica koja su u srodničkom ili ličnom odnosu sa osumnjičenim. Vjerski službenici (ne) mogu da budu „privilegovani svjedoci” i uskrate iskaz o onome što im je povjereno tokom tajne ispovijesti. Ispovijest i načelo in dubio pro reo u krivičnom postupku jedno je od pitanja o kome se u radu govori.
Isključenјe od dužnosti svedočenјa verskih ispovednika
Authors: Nikolić Gordana
Published: April 2024

Čuvanje svete tajne ispovesti (pokajanja) oduvek je predstavlјalo izazov za verske i društvene zajednice, ali i za pravni sistem svake države i njihovu krivičnoprocesnu regulativu. Kao najveće duhovno pročišćenje vernika, ona je od strane verskih ispovednika najzaštićenija i najstrože čuvana tajna. Da li je zakonodavac dovolјno precizno regulisao odredbe krivičnopravne materije koje se odnose na isklјučenje dužnosti svedočenja verskih ispovednika? Autor u radu analizira upravo ovu procesnu normu u krivičnom zakonodavstvu Srbije sa osvrtom na uporedna rešenja procesnih zakonodavstva zemalјa bivše Jugoslavije. Na osnovu ovoga donosi zaklјučke o pozitivnim krivičnoprocesnim odredbama isklјučenja verskih ispovednika od dužnosti svedočenja, kao lica koja svojim iskazom ne bi povredila dužnost čuvanja profesionalne odnosno svete tajne ispovesti. Autor u radu analizira i krivičnomaterijalnu zaštitu ver- skih ispovednika oslobođenjem od kažnjavanja za određeno krivično delo, ali ukazuje i na pobolјšanje njihove zaštite od krivične odgovornosti u smislu drugih dela u de lege ferenda smislu. Isto tako, autor se osvrće i na svetu tajnu ispovesti (pokajanja) i zaštitu od dužnosti svedočenja koju Srpska pravoslavna crkva pruža verskim ispovednicima pozitivnom primenom Zakona o crkvama i verskim zajednicama.
Status imovine crkvenih zadužbina
Authors: Čolović Vladimir
Published: April 2024

Crkvene zadužbine su organizacije koje se osnivaju sa određenom namenom za verske, crkveno-prosvetne, dobrotvorne ili druge potrebe crkve, kao i pojedinih njenih delova ili ustanova. To su dobrotvorne ustanove čiji je način ostvarivanja cilјeva isklјučivo nenaplatan. Korisnici zadužbina su lica koja uživaju činidbe zadužbine. Postoje dve vrste crkvenih zadužbina: one koje imaju isklјučivo crkvenu namenu, to jest osnovane su za crkvene potrebe, i one koje su osnovane radi ostvarivanja i drugih cilјeva. U radu se pre svega posvećuje pažnja statusu imovine crkvenih zadužbina. Naime, sve crkvene zadužbine se osnivaju imovinom crkve, ali crkva nad tom imovinom ima ograničeno pravo svojine. Razlog tome je upravo namena te imovine, tj. krug korisnika koji će je koristiti pod određenim uslovima. Izdvajamo dva osnovna elementa crkvenih ali i drugih zadužbina: imovinu i cilј osnivanja zadužbina. Autor u radu posvećuje pažnju i drugim pitanjima koja se tiču statusa crkvenih zadužbina i njene imovine, primeni propisa koji se primenjuju uopšte na zadužbine, pitanju restitucije, prestanku zadužbina, kao i pitanju razgraničenja zadužbina od fondova.
Vjerski službenik kao svjedok u parničnom postupku
Authors: Petrović Stojana
Published: April 2024

Bjerski službenik može biti predložen kao svjedok u parničnom postupku, radi utvrđivanja nekih odlučujućih činjenica. Cilј ovog istraživanja je da se cilјno-sistematskim tumačenjem odredaba pozitivnog prava otklone neke dileme koje se mogu pojaviti u praksi tokom adhezionog postupka utvrđivanja postojanja opravdanih razloga da vjerski ispovjednik uskrati svoje svjedočenje o tačno određenim činjenicama. Zaklјučuje se da se na vjerskog ispovjednika u postupku pred sudom mogu u potpunosti primijeniti opšta pra- vila parničnog postupka, kao i odredbe lex specialis kojima se reguliše postupanje vjerskih službenika, a koje kao takve primjenjuje i parnični sud. Normativno-dogmatska analiza pravila parničnog postupka, te i konsultovana teorijska shvatanja, ukazuju na to da se postupak utvrđivanja postojanja opravdanih razloga za uskraćivanje svjedočenja od strane vjerskog ispovjednika previše prepušta dispoziciji svjedoka. Kako se to pokazuje kao slabost postojeće pravne regulacije ovog pitanja, predložene su i neke potrebne izmjene zakona u budućnosti.
The influence of the crisis of religion on the weakening of patriarchal family
Authors: Čović Ana , Nikolić Oliver
Published: April 2024

Christians today have three opposing views on the biblical relation- ship between husband and wife. Those views range from Christian egali- tarianism, which the New Testament interprets as a doctrine of complete equality of responsibility between men and women in marriage, to a call for a “return to complete patriarchy” in which relations are based on male domination and their authority in marriage. Whether patriarchal and religiously supported relations have led to the inferior position of women and the inadequate position of children in family relations of traditional patriarchal family, in which negative events within the family are hidden from the outside world, is always a topical question. On the other hand, some early church fathers valued family less, and celibacy and freedom from family ties were considered a more desirable choice. Deviation from traditional values, understandings, norms and reformism of modernists have significantly influenced the patriarchal family, the understanding of family relations and the institution of marriage. In the first part, the paper will provide a historical–theoretical view of the relationship between the church and the state, as well as a comparative overview of this relationship. In the second part of the paper, the emphasis will be on the concept of marriage in the world’s major religions, and on the, perhaps, the biggest challenge, which a patriarchal family has been facing with, which is reflected in the legalisation of same–sex marriages. By overturning the ruling in the case of Roe v. Wade, which legalized abortion almost 50 years ago, on 24 June 2022, by the decision in the case of Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, No. 19 –1392, 597 U.S. (2022), jurisdiction was transferred from the federal level of the US to the jurisdiction of the states. How much influence did religion have in that case and what have been the consequences of the latest decision by the Supreme Court of the United States?
Commercial heterosis for yield and yield related components in test crosses of yellow maize
Authors: Ijaz Ahmad  , Muhammad Iqbal  , Muhammad Yasir Khan  , Sultan Akber Jadoon  , Sajjad Khan
Published: April 2024

An experiment on commercial heterosis for yield and yield related components in test crosses of yellow maize (Zea mays L.) was conducted in summer cropping season 2020, at Cereal Crops Research Institute (CCRI) Pirsabak, Nowshera. Data were recorded on 50% pollen shedding, 50% silking, plant height, ear height, earshectare-1, plant population ha-1, and grain yield. Minimum50% pollen shedding (60 days) was recorded for the genotypes, G-10, G-17, G-29 and G-30. Minimum commercial heterosis (-0.81%) was recorded for the genotypes G-10 and G-17 for the trait of 50% pollen shedding.  Lowest value for 50% silking (63 days) was exhibited by the genotypes, G-10, and G-29. Minimum commercial heterosis (-0.76%) for the trait of 50% silking was calculated for the genotype, G-10 (-2.30%). Plant height trait indicated shortest plants for the genotype G-5 with a numerical value of 126.7cm. Minimum commercial heterosis was recorded for the genotype, G-5 (-22.0%) for the aforementioned quantitative trait. Among the genotypes, G-10exhibitedhighest ear height (85.8cm). Maximum commercial heterosis was recorded for the plants of the genotype, G-10for the trait of ear height with a value 17.04%. Greatest plant populationhectare-1(64667 ha-1)was indicated by the genotype, G-44.Highest commercial heterosis was revealed for the genotype, G-44 (5.43%) for plant population hectare-1. Maximum earshectare-1 was found for the genotype, G-56 (67333 ha-1). Maximum commercial heterosis was founded by the genotype G-56 (9.78%). Highest grain yieldhectare-1 (8590 kg ha-1) was produced by the genotype, G-62.
Multiplication of pecannut varieties at different times of grafting
Authors: Ibrar Hussain  , Nisar Naeem  , Ziaullah  , Kamran Shah
Published: April 2024

Pecans are nuts producing tree plants which have high economic importance among horticulture crops. Plain and low hilly areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa have the highest future scope for Pecannuts cultivation. For the availability of good quality and maximum quantity of plants, the present study was carried out at Horticulture Research farm, Agricultural Research Institute, Tarnab, Peshawar during the year 2017.The study aimed to find the optimum time for the production of nursery plants of Pecannuts varieties through grafting. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design in split-plot arrangement with two factor and three replications. There were 30 plants per treatment. Pecannuts varieties Habib-96, Wichita, and Mohawk were grafted at different dates i.e. January 15, February 1st, February 15, and March 02. Findings of the study revealed that maximum graft sprouting and plant survival was recorded by grafting on January 15th. Grafting on first February had higher vegetative growth like stem diameter and number of leaves. Among the Pecan cultivars more sprouting percentage (47.1%), survival percentage (37.5), and stem diameter (1.27cm)were attained by Habib-96. As far as the interaction effects are concerned the maximum values were observed by grafting Habib-96 on February 15 for most of the parameters studied, in contrast to minimum values for all the parameters by grafting the varieties on 2nd March. Therefore, among the Pecan nut varieties, Habib-96 was best and the optimum time to graftismid-February.
Phytoremediation- A Green Approach for Soil Decontamination: Concept, Types, Mechanism and Advantages
Authors: Khalil M. Saad-Allah  , Ibrahim M. Abdelsalam  , Mohamed Shahen
Published: April 2024

The agricultural soil has extremely become contaminated with various pollutants. These pollutants arise from divergent sources including agricultural and industrial drainage, erosion and weathering of rocks, and various human activities, especially after the great development in the industrial sector through the latest decades. Such contaminants negatively affect humankind due to their direct or indirect access to the food chain. Hence, their remediation should be highly considered. A number of techniques have been exploited in contaminant elimination including thermal, chemical or combination of both methods, but these methods are expensive and more complicated. Some plants possess a high capability to eliminate pollutants safely and without the need for a lot of expenses, these plants are called hyperaccumulators. Hyperaccumulators can utilize different techniques to decontaminate soils such as phytoextraction, phytostabilization, phytovolatalization, rhizofitration, and phytodegradation. All the techniques used in soil decontamination are called “phytoremediation”, which is essentially affected by soil and metal properties and plant species. Hyperaccumulators are equipped with various mechanisms to counteract toxic metals safely with no toxicity symptoms. The principle buddies in this process are the phytochelatins and metallothioneins which chelate metals by forming complex with them, which is followed by freeing the sensitive sites from polluting metals or vacuolar sequestration of ligand-metal complex. Phytoremediation is a promising approach that can be utilized for contaminant remediation from impacted sites with some limitations. Therefore, attention has been given to develop modern biological and genetic engineering strategies to increase plant detoxification capabilities