bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ZnO nanorod growth based on a low‐temperature silicon‐compatible combinatorial method
Authors: Makarona E. , Speliotis Th. , Niarchos G. , Niarchos D. , Tsamis C.
Published: September 2008

ZnO – apart from its interesting optoelectronic properties – has recently attracted a lot of attention for nanopiezotronic applications. In this work, a low‐temperature, silicon‐compatible, solution‐based approach for the fabrication of ZnO nanorods on patterned Si substrates for potential piezoelectric applications, is presented. The method consists of a hydrothermal growth step atop a thin (<300 nm) seeding layer of ZnO prepared by room‐temperature radio frequency magnetron sputtering on Si (100) wafers. A mixture of aqueous solutions of zinc nitrate and hexamine in a water bath at 90 °C constitutes the hydrothermal part of the method. The morphology and structural properties of the ZnO seeding layer and nanowires are studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Three growth parameters are varied in order to obtain films suitable for nanopiezotronic structures: (1) the Ar pressure during the sputtering of the seeding layer, (2) the post‐growth thermal treatment of the seeding layer, and (3) the time duration of the hydrothermal part of the growth, in order to understand and control the mechanisms involved in the nanorod formation. It was shown that annealing of the seeding layer may not be necessary for the successful growth of the nanorods, while patterning of the substrate with standard lithographic techniques) may result into suspended structures but not necessarily to vertically aligned nanords. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A pixel design for X‐ray imaging with CdTe sensors
Authors: Lambropoulos C. P. , Zervakis E. G. , Loukas D.
Published: September 2008

A readout architecture appropriate for X‐ray Imaging using charge integration has been designed. Each pixel consists of a capacitive transimpedance amplifier, a sample and hold circuit a comparator and an 8 bit DRAM. Pixel level A/D conversion and local storage of the digitized signal is performed. The target sensors are 100 μm x 100 μm CdTe pixel detectors and integration time of 1ms or less can be achieved. Special measures have been taken to minimize the gain fixed pattern noise and the reset noise, while purely digital correlation double sampling can be performed. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Study of polystyrene film coating on the surface of porous silicon
Authors: Tighilt F.‐Z. , Belhaneche N. , Gabouze N.
Published: September 2008

In this work, the polystyrene (PS) coating onto the porous silicon by three different methods (dip coating, spin coating and spreading) has been studied. For this purpose, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) have been carried out to evaluate the surface modification. The FTIR spectra showed the presence of strong hydrogen binding which occurred between the hydroxyl groups present at the surface of the porous silicon substrate and the π electrons of the polystyrene aromatic ring. Moreover, the EDS spectrum showed the presence of a peak attributed to the carbon which is the principal constituent of the PS polymer. Also, SEM observations showed that the morphology of the PS macromolecular chains depends strongly on the deposition‐ coating method. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of deposition pressure and post deposition annealing on SmCo thin film properties
Authors: Speliotis Th. , Makarona E. , Chouliaras F. , Charitidis C. A. , Tsamis C. , Niarchos D.
Published: September 2008

In this article we report on the effect of the deposition pressure and the post deposition annealing conditions on the structural and magnetic properties of SmCo thin films deposited on Si(100) wafers employing Ta buffer and capping layers. The films were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering and annealed in vacuum at various temperatures. The films under investigation were isotropic with high remanence magnetization, maximum coercive field of 8 kOe and a squareness ratio of coercivity higher than 0.9. It was found that the Ar pressure during the deposition is a key factor in controlling the stoichiometry and the structural and magnetic properties of the SmCo films, while the effect of the annealing temperature is crucial in optimizing the magnetic properties of the films. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nano‐ and micro‐scale resolution in ancient obsidian artefact surfaces: The impact of AFM on the obsidian hydration dating by SIMS‐SS
Authors: Liritzis I. , Laskaris N. , Bonini M.
Published: September 2008

The prehistoric tools made by natural glass of obsidian can be dated by the recent method of the secondary ion mass spectrometry with the surface saturation using the surface saturation approach (SIMS‐SS). In its initial tests, the method inhered some limitations mainly derived from surface roughness. Indeed, the surface irregularities i.e. presence of wells, cracks, pits, crystals and/or crests, induce uncertain errors in the dating procedure. Here, we provide further images of the Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) of obsidian surfaces and discuss the impact of AFM results on the SIMS‐SS dating, investigating the problematic non‐smoothed surfaces. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Topological form of a classical continuum theory of crystalline defects
Authors: Belkadi A. , Young T. D. , Dłuzewski P.
Published: September 2008

We present an extendable framework for computing the distortion field surrounding the straight‐edge dislocation in crystalline materials within a classical continuum field theory. The framework we propose is intended for solving the classical elastic problem while taking into account the dislocation core. This work has particular applications to numerical methods in which the dislocation core and surrounding material are represented in a basis where real‐space is discretised; such as for example, finite differences or finite elements. We present the surface topology of the distortion field and dislocation density. Finally we discuss the limits and extendibility of this framework. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Micro and nano on insulator
Authors: Cristoloveanu Sorin
Published: September 2008

The nano‐size MOS transistor is the ideal device for the smooth transition from micro‐ to nanoelectronics, the stringent condition being to be fabricated ‘On Insulator'. It is the SOI thickness effect which renders the scaling of MOS transistors intrinsically easier than in bulk Si. In addition, SOI is a most suitable substrate for the implementation of non‐classic or pure nanoelectronic components. The dimensions of state‐of‐the‐art SOI MOSFETs are already measurable in nanometers. We illustrate, from experimental and theoretical viewpoints, a number of nano‐size mechanisms and their implications for multiple‐gate MOSFETs and alternative nano‐devices. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photomodulated thermoreflectance microscopy applied on ion‐implanted materials
Authors: Sherifi C. , Papademetriou M. D. , Nestoros M. , Christofides C.
Published: September 2008

Photomodulated Thermoreflectance Microscopy (micro‐PMTR) combines the non contact and non destructive character of photothermal techniques with the ability of high resolution monitoring of the surface and subsurface status of a sample. In this work the experimental set‐up is presented in detail and a series of micro‐PMTR frequency scans on ion – implanted Si wafers is quantitatively analyzed and discussed. The future research directions in the field of Auger recombination and micro device inspection are also discussed. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Citrus fruit flavonoids influence on neutrophil apoptosis and oxidative metabolism
Authors: Zielińska‐Przyjemska Małgorzata , Ignatowicz Ewa
Published: September 2008

Citrus flavonoids are dietary antioxidants that may protect against oxidative stress linked to inflammation and reduce the risk of macromolecule damage caused by free radicals. Three citrus flavonoids – naringin, naringenin and hesperidin – have been examined for their ability to activate caspase‐3, a marker of apoptosis execution, in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils in vitro, stimulated and non‐stimulated with phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate. The flavonoid potency to reduce reactive oxygen species generation was also assessed in measurements of superoxide radical and luminol dependent chemiluminescence. The caspase‐3 activity depended on the time of flavonoid treatment and was increased markedly in phorbol‐treated cells incubated with flavonoids for 24 h. Hesperidin at a concentration of 100 µm exerted the strongest stimulating effect on the enzyme (137% of control). Flavonoids inhibited the neutrophil ability to generate superoxide radical and 10–100 µm hesperidin appeared the most active phytochemical. The antioxidant capacity of the examined flavonoids was most prominently expressed in the chemiluminescent measurements. The obtained results suggest that reactive oxygen species may inhibit apoptosis via caspase‐3 inhibition and the antioxidant action of citrus flavonoids may reverse this process. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Flavonoids on Daunorubicin‐induced Toxicity in H9c2 Cardiomyoblasts
Authors: Mojžišová Gabriela , Šarišský Marek , Mirossay Ladislav , Martinka Peter , Mojžiš Ján
Published: September 2008

Daunorubicin (DNR) is one of the most important antitumor agents belonging to the anthracycline group. However, its use is seriously limited by the development of cardiac toxicity. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of quercetin, pycnogenol and naringenin on daunorubicin‐induced cytoxicity in H9c2 cells.

Protection of H9c2 cardiomyocyte cells was concentration/dose dependent for quercetin > naringenin > pycnogenol = trolox. Quercetin (10−4–10−5 mol/L) after 24 h of co‐incubation with DNR significantly increased the cardiomyocyte survival (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). A protective effect of other compounds was observed only in the highest concentration/dose used (p < 0.01). After 48 h of incubation quercetin and naringenin significantly decreased daunorubicin‐induced cell death at concentrations of 10−4–10−5 mol/L (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). The protective effect of pycnogenol and trolox was weaker but significant in the two highest concentrations/doses (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively).

This study also investigated DNR‐induced apoptosis and it was shown that both quercetin and naringenin inhibit apoptosis of H9c2 cardiomyocytes cells in vitro. The findings provide evidence that quercetin and naringenin may act as survival factors. The protective effect of flavonoids was compared with that of trolox, a known cardioprotective antioxidant. These results are consistent with the notion that the use of flavonoids may be beneficial in modulating or preventing the cardiotoxicity associated with DNR therapy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Output feedback control for uncertain linear systems with faulty actuators based on a switching method
Authors: Wang Rui , Zhao Jun , Dimirovski Georgi M. , Liu Guo‐Ping
Published: September 2008

This paper investigates the problem of output feedback stabilization for a class of uncertain linear systems with faulty actuators via the synergy with a switching strategy. When actuators suffer a ‘destabilizing failure’ and the never‐faulty actuators cannot stabilize the given system, the closed‐loop exponential stability can still be achieved via the average dwell‐time scheme employing an arbitrary switching signal. The prerequisite condition found requires the ratio between the two lapse times, when the system is devoid of faulty actuators and when it is not so, to be less than a certain specified constant. Then the stabilizing output feedback controls are designed via the technique of linear matrix inequalities. The illustrative example and the respective simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed design synthesis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On linear‐parameter‐varying (LPV) slip‐controller design for two‐wheeled vehicles
Authors: Corno Matteo , Savaresi Sergio M. , Balas Gary J.
Published: September 2008

This paper describes the application of linear‐parameter‐varying (LPV) control design techniques to the problem of slip control for two‐wheeled vehicles. A nonlinear multi‐body motorcycle simulator is employed to derive a control‐oriented dynamic model. It is shown that, in order to devise a robust controller with good performance, it is necessary to take into account the dependence of the model on the velocity and on the wheel slip. This dependence is modeled via an LPV system constructed from Jacobian linearizations at different velocities and slip values. The control problem is formulated as a model‐matching control problem within the LPV framework; a specific modification of the LPV control synthesis algorithm is proposed to alleviate controller interpolation problems. Linear and nonlinear simulations indicate that the synthesized controller achieves the required robustness and performance. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control of intellectual assets in client relationships: implications for innovation
Authors: Leiponen Aija
Published: September 2008

This empirical study of business‐to‐business service firms examines the determinants and effects of control rights to intellectual assets in a property rights theoretic framework. Regression analyses using survey data suggest that service suppliers that retain control over their intellectual output are more innovative. In long‐term relationships, service firms' clients may thus be better off balancing their need to control outsourced activities with the suppliers' incentives to invest in learning and innovation. Additionally, and aligned with property rights theoretic predictions, service suppliers' bargaining power and their indispensability in service projects are positively associated with their ability to retain control rights. In contrast, innovation capabilities are not very significant in determining control rights allocation between service suppliers and their clients. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Research on biracial and multiracial identity development: Overview and synthesis
Authors: Renn Kristen A.
Published: September 2008

This chapter presents an overview of theories that have been used to describe identity development of biracial and multiracial college students.
Exploring the experiences and self‐labeling of mixed‐race individuals with two minority parents
Authors: Talbot Donna M.
Published: September 2008

This chapter presents preliminary findings from a study of the experiences and self‐labeling of ten individuals who are biracial and whose parents identify themselves as monoracial members of minority groups. Implications for student affairs educators are shared.
Student perspectives on multiracial identity
Authors: King Alissa R.
Published: September 2008

This chapter describes the perspectives and experiences of multiracial college students and offers recommendations for institutions of higher education to better support college students who identify as multiracial.
Multiracial student services come of age: The state of multiracial student services in higher education in the United States
Authors: Wong Michael Paul A. , Buckner Joshua
Published: September 2008

This chapter summarizes the context for the provision of services and programs for multiracial students and provides three case studies of current practice.
Being multiracial in a wired society: Using the internet to define identity and community on campus
Authors: Gasser Heather Shea
Published: September 2008

This chapter presents an overview of current technology trends and how multiracial students' use of these tools may differ from that of their monoracial peers. Implications for student affairs practice and limitations of technology are presented.
Looking north: Exploring multiracial experiences in a Canadian context
Authors: Taylor Leanne
Published: September 2008

The perspectives of Canadians who share stories in this chapter about their mixed‐race lives provide a broader context for understanding multiracial students in the United States and considering how colleges and universities in differing national and cultural contexts might best serve this growing population.
Curricular learning communities and unprepared students: How faculty can provide a foundation for success
Authors: Engstrom Cathy McHugh
Published: September 2008

This chapter describes the key role of faculty in creating active, integrative learning experiences for students in basic skills learning communities, providing forums for students to extend time on task, and validating that students both belong and will be successful in college.
A new chip‐level linear SOR‐SIC multiuser detector for long‐code systems
Authors: Bentrcia Abdelouahab , Zerguine Azzedine , Benyoucef Moussa
Published: September 2008

In this work, we introduce a new chip‐level linear modified‐SIC multi‐user structure that is asymptotically equivalent to successive over‐relaxation (SOR) iteration, which is known to outperform the conventional Gauss–Seidel iteration by an order of magnitude in terms of convergence speed. The main advantage of this scheme is that it uses directly the spreading codes and not the cross‐correlation coefficients and thus reduces significantly the overall computational complexity. This is critical for the design of low‐complexity multiuser detectors for long‐code CDMA systems such as IS95 and UMTS. We use a matrix algebraic approach to show the equivalence of the proposed scheme to linear matrix filtering. This allows obtaining an analytical expression for both the bit‐error rate (BER) and the asymptotic multiuser efficiency (AME). Moreover, we study the convergence behavior of the proposed scheme and prove that it converges if the relaxation factor is within the interval ]0, 2[. Simulation results are in excellent agreement with theory. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of wavelet based OFDM for multipath powerline channel by genetic algorithm
Authors: Kumbasar Volkan , Kucur Oğuz , Ergin A. Arif , Öztürk Ertan
Published: September 2008

Using genetic algorithm (GA), optimal wavelets are obtained to reduce ISI and ICI powers of a wavelet‐based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system over a practical two path low‐voltage powerline channel or two path fading channel by relaxing the perfect quadrate mirror filter (QMF) orthogonality. Optimum wavelet‐based OFDM system experiences less interference compared to conventional and Daubechies (Db) wavelet‐based OFDM systems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two sisters with Rett syndrome and non-identical paternally-derived microdeletions in the MECP2 gene
Authors: Rosser Lyndon G. , McKee Shane , Millar David S. , Archer Hayley , Hughes James , Butler Rachel , Chuzhanova Nadia , Cooper David N. , Lazarou Lazarus P.
Published: September 2008

The unique case of two sisters with symptoms of RTT and two quite distinct, novel, and apparently de novo microdeletions of the MECP2 gene is described. One sister possessed an 18 base-pair (bp) deletion (c.1155_1172del18) within the deletion hotspot region of exon 4, whereas the other sister exhibited a 43 bp deletion at a different location in the same exon (c.1448_1461del14+29). Although these lesions occurred on the same paternally-derived X chromosome, this is probably due to chance co-occurrence owing to the relatively high mutation rate of the MECP2 gene rather than to a constitutional mutator phenotype.
Characterization and Surfactant‐Enhanced Washing Treatability of Drilling Fluids Stored for More than 20 Years
Authors: Fernandez Luis C. , Zegarra Hector , Baca Gustavo , Torres Luis G.
Published: September 2008

Drilling fluids represent a significant environmental hazard owing to the fact that they are frequently stored in open vessels without any treatment. The drilling fluids studied in this work have been stored for 20–30 years in open cesspits in the state of Tabasco (Mexico). The aim of this work was to characterize the drilling fluids produced in this region and to determine their treatability by means of surfactant‐enhanced washing. Two anionic and two non‐ionic surfactants (sodium lauryl ethersulfate SLES and sodium dodecylsulfate SDS, ethoxylated nonylphenol ENP and an unknown composition ethoxylated nonionic Surfynol 440 respectively) were employed for surfactant‐enhanced washing assessments in the presence of a commercial dispersant. Drilling fluids were contaminated with 135,400 mg of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH)/kg soil, including seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from 1.18 to 57.28 mg/kg. TPH removal efficiencies as high as 55.7% were reached when washing drilling fluids with SDS (4%), followed by ENP 906 (1%), which showed a TPH removal of 52.2%, and ENP itself at a lower dose (0.1%). SLES and S440 gave removal of around 10–15% with the assessed doses.
Nutritional Value of Various Ray Fish Liver Oils to the Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Perez‐Velazquez Martin , González‐Félix Mayra L. , Navarro‐García Gerardo , Valenzuela‐Escalante Erasmo
Published: September 2008

A 32‐day comparative feeding trial was performed to evaluate the nutritional value of four different ray fish liver oils to the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Four feeds were prepared with liver oil extracted from Dasyatis brevis, Rhinoptera steindachneri, Aetobatus narinari, and R. bonasus. A control feed was prepared with Menhaden fish oil. Ray fish liver oils were mainly composed of poly‐ and highly unsaturated fatty acids and contained levels of 20:5n‐3 and 22:6n‐3 comparable in magnitude to those of Menhaden fish oil, except for A. narinari liver oil, which had moderately low concentrations of 20:5n‐3 and 22:6n‐3 but showed a particularly high level of 20:4n‐6, more than six times greater than that of Menhaden fish oil. Dietary fatty acids significantly influenced the fatty acid composition of shrimp muscle tissue, e.g., the diet with Menhaden fish oil elicited significantly higher shrimp muscle DHA level than diets with oil from D. brevis, and A. narinari, but not than diets with oil from R. steindachneri and R. bonasus. In spite of these differences, all four ray fish liver oils evaluated were as efficient in promoting growth and survival of L. vannamei as Menhaden fish oil, an ingredient known for its adequate nutritional quality to shrimp and fish. This study demonstrated one of the many possible applications of a locally‐available resource that is currently being wasted.
Tele‐guidance of chronic heart failure patients enhances knowledge about the disease. A multi‐centre, randomised controlled study
Authors: Balk Aggie H. , Davidse Wim , van Dommelen Paula , Klaassen Ellen , Caliskan Kadir , van der Burgh Pieter , Leenders Christina M.
Published: September 2008

Background:

New strategies are required to optimize care in increasing numbers of chronic heart failure patients. The aim of this randomised trial was to evaluate a remote guidance system.

Methods:

Intervention group patients received a home TV‐channel providing educational materials. Tele‐guidance was performed by a Medical Service Centre. Control group patients were followed by cardiologists and HF‐nurses. Primary endpoints were total days in hospital for all causes and days alive and out of hospital. Secondary endpoints were: quality of life and knowledge of disease and self care.

Results:

214 patients were enrolled, median age was 66 years, 89% had systolic LV dysfunction, and 90% were in NYHA class II or III. The mean LVEF was 31%. Over a mean follow‐up duration of 288 days, there were 199 hospital admissions in 105 patients. Comparison of the groups revealed no differences for the primary outcomes or for QoL or self care behaviour. Knowledge about heart failure however, increased significantly more in the Intervention group (p<0.001).

Conclusion:

Tele‐guidance may play a role in the management of heart failure patients since it takes over some of the tasks of HF‐nurses. This may facilitate delivery of optimal care to more patients with the same level of experienced staff.
The socio-economical burden of schizophrenia: A simulation of cost-offset of early intervention program in Italy
Authors: Serretti Alessandro , Mandelli Laura , Bajo Emanuele , Cevenini Nadia , Papili Pietro , Mori Elisa , Bigelli Marco , Berardi Domenico
Published: September 2008

Schizophrenia is associated with a high familiar, social and economic burden. During the recent years early and specific intervention for first psychotic episodes has been suggested to improve the long term outcome of the disease. Despite the promising results obtained so far, early intervention is still scarcely applied. One major problem arises from the translation of research findings into stakeholder policies. In fact very few analyses of cost reductions obtained with early intervention have been reported. In the present paper we present a simulation of direct cost reduction that can be obtained with early intervention programmes. We based our analysis on available data about schizophrenia care costs in Italy and the expected cost reduction with the use of early intervention. We observed that the increase in costs due to the more intensive early intervention is largely compensated by the reduction of inpatient admissions with a reduction of direct costs of 6.01%. Despite the apparently small economic gain, early intervention offers more clinical and social benefits as it seems to be effective also in decreasing relapse rates, in improving the patients' quality of life and disability associated with psychosis and in increasing employment rates. Those indirect costs however are difficult to estimate and were not included in our model.

In conclusion, our study supports the use of early intervention in schizophrenia, which could allow an outcome improvement with lower direct and indirect costs.
Hepatocyte growth factor enhances proteolysis and invasiveness of human nasopharyngeal cancer cells through activation of PI3K and JNK
Authors: Zhou Hong Yan , Wan Kai Fung , Ip Carman K.M. , Wong Chris K.C. , Mak Nai Ki , Lo Kwok Wai , Wong Alice S.T.
Published: September 2008

The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor, Met, is frequently overexpressed in nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). Here, we showed for the first time that human NPC cells with high Met expression were more sensitive to the cell motility and invasion effect of HGF. The downregulation of Met by small interfering RNA decreased tumor cell invasion/migration. HGF significantly increased matrix metalloproteinase‐9 production. This was inhibited by blocking phosphatidylinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK), but not extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathways. We also demonstrated that PI3K induced activation of JNK, with Akt as a potential point of this cross‐talk. These results provide new insights into the molecular mechanism responsible for NPC progression and metastasis.
Determinants governing the CYP74 catalysis: Conversion of allene oxide synthase into hydroperoxide lyase by site‐directed mutagenesis
Authors: Toporkova Yana Y. , Gogolev Yuri V. , Mukhtarova Lucia S. , Grechkin Alexander N.
Published: September 2008

Bioinformatics analyses enabled us to identify the hypothetical determinants of catalysis by CYP74 family enzymes. To examine their recognition, two mutant forms F295I and S297A of tomato allene oxide synthase LeAOS3 (CYP74C3) were prepared by site‐directed mutagenesis. Both mutations dramatically altered the enzyme catalysis. Both mutant forms possessed the activity of hydroperoxide lyase, while the allene oxide synthase activity was either not detectable (F295I) or significantly reduced (S297A) compared to the wild‐type LeAOS3. Thus, both sites 295 and 297 localized within the “I‐helix central domain” (“oxygen binding domain”) are the primary determinants of CYP74 type of catalysis.
Interaction of grape ASR proteins with a DREB transcription factor in the nucleus
Authors: Saumonneau Amélie , Agasse Alice , Bidoyen Marie-Thérèse , Lallemand Magali , Cantereau Anne , Medici Anna , Laloi Maryse , Atanassova Rossitza
Published: September 2008

MINT‐6743067: VvMSA (uniprotkb:Q94G23) and VvDREB (uniprotkb:A6XA90) physically interact (MI:0218) by bimolecular fluorescence complementation (MI:0809)

MINT‐6743043: VvMSA (uniprotkb:Q94G23) physically interacts (MI:0218) with VvDREB (uniprotkb:A6XA90) by two hybrid (MI:0018)
Respiratory mutations lead to different pleiotropic effects on OXPHOS complexes in yeast and in human cells
Authors: Marsy Sophie , Frachon Paule , Dujardin Geneviève , Lombès Anne , Lemaire Claire
Published: September 2008

Pleiotropic effects in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway (OXPHOS) were investigated in yeast respiratory mutants and in cells from patients with OXPHOS genetic alterations. The main differences between yeast and human cells were (1) the site of the primary defect that was associated with pleiotropic effects, yeast complex V and human complex IV, and (2) the nature of the complex targeted by the secondary effect, yeast complex IV and human complex I. The pleiotropic effects did not correlate with the organization of OXPHOS into supercomplexes and their functional consequences appeared to be a slowing down of the respiratory chain in order to avoid either an increase in the membrane potential or the accumulation of reduced intermediary components of the respiratory chain.
Brief cross‐linking of Fas/APO‐1 (CD95) triggers engulfment of pre‐apoptotic target cells
Authors: Zhang Shouting , Witasp Erika , Lauwen Marjolein , Fadeel Bengt
Published: September 2008

Macrophage clearance of dying cells is of crucial importance to maintain tissue homeostasis. Here, we show that brief treatment (15 min) of Jurkat T cells with agonistic anti‐Fas antibodies or recombinant Fas ligand results in efficient phagocytosis by human monocyte‐derived macrophages prior to the occurrence of common biomarkers of apoptosis. Similar findings were obtained when using primary human T cells. Macrophage engulfment of pre‐apoptotic target cells was suppressed in the absence of serum. Moreover, pre‐apoptotic cells secreted annexin I and administration of Boc1, a formyl peptide receptor/lipoxin receptor antagonist markedly attenuated their engulfment. Finally, pre‐apoptotic Jurkat cells induced lower macrophage production of tumor necrosis factor‐α and higher production of interleukin‐10 in comparison to apoptotic target cells.
Dexamethasone increases angiopoietin‐1 and quiescent hematopoietic stem cells: A novel mechanism of dexamethasone‐induced hematoprotection
Authors: Kim Hyongbum , Choi Ji-Young , Lee Jung Min , Park Yoon Shin , Suh Hwal , Song Hae-Ryong , Jo Sangmee Ahn , Jo Inho
Published: September 2008

Angiopoietin‐1 (Ang‐1) is known to have hematoprotective effects by increasing the quiescence of hematopoietic stem cells. However, it remains to be determined if the upregulation of Ang‐1 and the subsequent increase in the quiescence of hematopoietic stem cells are also involved in the dexamethasone (Dex)‐mediated bone marrow protection. Here Western blotting and flow cytometric analyses demonstrate that Dex increases the levels of Ang‐1 in mouse bone marrow and the quiescence of hematopoietic stem cells. Our data for the first time suggest that the increased quiescence of hematopoietic stem cells provides a novel mechanism of Dex‐induced hematoprotection.
TPA primes α2β1 integrins for cell adhesion
Authors: Tulla Mira , Helenius Jonne , Jokinen Johanna , Taubenberger Anna , Müller Daniel J. , Heino Jyrki
Published: September 2008

Integrin avidity is regulated by changes in the conformation of the heterodimer and cluster formation. We measured cell adhesion by integrin α2β1 (CHO‐α2) to collagen at short contact times (0.5–60 s) by single cell force spectroscopy (SCFS). The adhesion increased rapidly with contact time and was further strengthened by the addition of 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA), a protein kinase C (PKC) and integrin activator. TPA also improved the strength of adhesive units. Furthermore, changes in membrane nanotube properties indicated better coupling of integrins to the cell cytoskeleton. We conclude that in addition to increasing integrin avidity TPA strengthens integrin–cytoskeletal linkage.
The unsung impact of currency risk on the performance of international real property investment
Authors: Addae‐Dapaah Kwame , Tan Yong Hwee Wilfred
Published: September 2008

The paper revisits the currency risk debate to ascertain the statistical significance of currency risk on the return of international real property investment, especially in a period of increased exchange rate volatility. After statistical analyses of the returns of a portfolio of office investments in seven Asia Pacific cities over the 1986 to 2007 period, it was found that currency risk had a statistically significant positive impact on the performance of the portfolio of office investments. This is confirmed by the results of stochastic dominance test. If the results of this study are verified by subsequent studies, and the past reliably presages the future, they would imply that investors holding portfolios of real property investments in the sample markets might not need to be unduly concerned with currency risk.
Two millennia of glacier advances from southern Iceland dated by tephrochronology
Authors: Kirkbride Martin P. , Dugmore Andrew J.
Published: September 2008

Two glaciers at Eyjafjallajökull, south Iceland, provide a record of multiple episodes of glacier advance since the Sub-Atlantic period, ca. 2000 yr ago. A combination of tephrochronology and lichenometry was applied to date ice-marginal moraines, tills and meltwater deposits. Two glacier advances occurred before the 3rd century AD, others in the 9th and 12th centuries bracketing the Medieval Warm Period, and five groups of advances occurred between AD 1700 and 1930, within the Little Ice Age. The advances of Eyjafjallajökull before the Norse settlement (ca. AD 870) were synchronous with other glacier advances identified in Iceland. In contrast, medieval glacier advances between the 9th and 13th centuries are firmly identified for the first time in Iceland. This challenges the view of a prolonged Medieval Warm Period and supports fragmentary historical data that indicate significant medieval episodes of cooler and wetter conditions in Iceland. An extended and more detailed glacier chronology of the mid- and late Little Ice Age is established, which demonstrates that some small outlet glaciers achieved their Little Ice Age maxima around AD 1700. While Little Ice Age advances across Iceland appear to synchronous, the timing of the maximum differs between glacier type and region.
ON T DIRECTION OF ALGEBROID FUNCTION DEALING WITH MULTIPLE VALUES
Authors: WU ZHAOJUN , SUN DAOCHUN
Published: September 2008

Using Ahlfors’ theory of covering surfaces, we prove the existence theorem for the T direction for algebroid functions dealing with multiple values which extends the results proved by Guo, Zheng and Ng and answers a question by Wang, Giao and the present authors.
Soret-driven thermosolutal convection induced by inclined thermal and solutal gradients in a shallow horizontal layer of a porous medium
Authors: NARAYANA P. A. LAKSHMI , MURTHY P. V. S. N. , GORLA RAMA SUBBA REDDY
Published: September 2008

The stability of Soret-driven thermosolutal convection in a shallow horizontal layer of a porous medium subjected to inclined thermal and solutal gradients of finite magnitude is investigated theoretically by means of a linear stability analysis. The horizontal components of these gradients induce a Hadley circulation, which becomes unstable when vertical components are sufficiently large. We employed a two-term Galerkin approximation for various modes of instability. The effect of the Soret parameter on the mechanism of instability of the thermosolutal convection is investigated. Results are presented for various values of the governing parameters of the flow. It is observed that the Soret parameter has a significant effect on convective instability and this is discussed.
Geometric morphometric analysis discriminates native and non-native species of Caprellidae in western North America
Authors: Riedlecker Eva I. , Ashton Gail V. , Ruiz Gregory M.
Published: September 2008

Characteristics of the second gnathopod are traditionally used to distinguish between species of caprellid amphipods. However, these distinctions are often subjective and can be variable within a species. Geometric morphometrics were used to quantitatively assess shape variation of the second gnathopod propodus of three species of caprellids in North America, including the non-nativeCaprella mutica. Gnathopod shapes ofC. muticaspecimens from different latitudes revealed distinct morphologies; the factors responsible for the shape variations are unknown. Allometric change of propodus shape was observed inC. mutica. Larger individuals showed a wide array of possible propodus morphologies. Despite this variability, there were clear differences between large specimens ofC. muticaand two species native to North America:C. alaskanaandC. kennerlyi. The use of geometric morphometrics and the thin-plate spline method can serve to both complement descriptions using traditional keys and aid in identification of non-native species in novel geographical regions.
Bernoulli diffeomorphisms with n − 1 non-zero exponents
Authors: Brin M.
Published: September 2008

For every manifold of dimension n ≥ 5 a diffeomorphism f which has n − 1 non-zero characteristic exponents almost everywhere is constructed. The diffeomorphism preserves the Lebesgue measure and is Bernoulli with respect to this measure. To produce this example a diffeomorphism of the 2-disk is extended by means of an Anosov flow, and this skew product is embedded in ℝn.
Subadditive mean ergodic theorems
Authors: Derriennic Y. , Krengel U.
Published: September 2008

The authors investigate which results of the classical mean ergodic theory for bounded linear operators in Banach spaces have analogues for subadditive sequences (Fn) in a Banach lattice B. A sequence (Fn) is subadditive for a positive contraction T in B if Fn+k ≤ Fn + TnFk (n, k ≥ 1). For example, von Neumann's mean ergodic theorem fails to extend to the general subadditive case, but it extends to the non-negative subadditive case. It is shown that the existence of a weak cluster point f = Tf for (n−1Fn) implies In Lp (1 ≤ p < ∞) the existence of a weak cluster point for non-negative (n−1Fn) is equivalent with norm convergence. If T is an isometry in Lp (1 < p < ∞) and sup then n−1Fn converges weakly. If T in L1 has a strictly positive fixed point and sup then n−1Fn converges strongly. Most results are proved even in the d-parameter case.
Construction d'un difféomorphisme minimal d'entropie topologique non nulle
Authors: Herman M. R.
Published: September 2008

We construct a real analytic diffeomorphismFαon a compact connected 4-dimensional manifoldM, such thatFαpreserves a probability measure μ defined by a smooth volume form,Fαis a minimal diffeomorphism ofMand furthermore the metrical entropy ofFαwith respect to the measure μ is strictly positive. By a theorem of Goodwyn the topological entropy is also strictly positive. We write down the explicit formula ofFαthat depends on a parameter α ∈ T1. This parameter is chosen by Baire category.
Some properties of absolutely continuous invariant measures on an interval
Authors: Ledrappier François
Published: September 2008

We are interested in ergodic properties of absolutely continuous invariant measures of positive entropy for a map of an interval. We prove a Bernoulli property and a characterization by some variational principle.
On iterates of ez
Authors: Misiurewicz Michał
Published: September 2008

It is proved that for the map f: ℂ → ℂ given by f(z) = ez, the family is not normal at any point. In particular, f is topologically transitive.
An obstruction to the existence of certain dynamics in surface diffeomorphisms
Authors: Blanchard Paul , Franks John
Published: September 2008

Let M be a two-dimensional, compact manifold and g:Μ→ΜM be a diffeomorphism with a hyperbolic chain recurrent set. We find restrictions on the reduced zeta function p(t) of anyzero-dimensional basic set of g. If deg (p(t)) is odd, then p(1) = 0 (in ). Since there are infinitely many subshifts of finite type whose reduced zeta functions do not satisfy these restrictions, there are infinitely many subshifts which cannot be basic sets for any diffeomorphism of any surface.
Finitary codes between one-sided Bernoulli shifts
Authors: Junco Andrés Del
Published: September 2008

If p and q are probability vectors of equal entropy each having at least three non-zero components then there exists a finitary homomorphism between the corresponding one-sided Bernoulli shifts.
The infinite word problem and limit sets in Fuchsian groups
Authors: Series Caroline
Published: September 2008

Let Г be a finitely generated non-elementary Fuchsian group acting in the disk. With the exception of a small number of co-compact Г, we give a representation of g ∈ Г as a product of a fixed set of generators Гo in a unique shortest ‘admissible form’. Words in this form satisfy rules which after a suitable coding are of finite type. The space of infinite sequences Σ of generators satisfying the same rules is identified in a natural way with the limit set Λ of Г by a map which is bijective except at a countable number of points where it is two to one. We use the theory of Gibbs measures onΣ to construct the so-called Patterson measure on Λ [8], [9]. This measure is, in fact, Hausdorff 5-dimensional measure on Λ, where S is the exponent of convergence of Г.
Capacity of attractors
Authors: Young Lai-Sang
Published: September 2008

Let f be a diffeomorphism of a manifold and Λ be an f-invariant set supporting an ergodic Borel probability measure μ with certain properties. A lower bound on the capacity of Λ is given in terms of the μ-Lyapunov exponents. This applies in particular to Axiom A attractors and their Bowen-Ruelle measure.
On the entropy in II1 von Neumann algebras
Authors: Besson O.
Published: September 2008

Let α be an automorphism of a finite von Neumann algebra and let H(α) be its Connes-Størmer's entropy. We show that H(α) = 0 if α is the induced automorphism on the crossed product of a Lebesgue space by a pure point spectrum transformation. We also show that H is not continuous in α and we compute H(α) for some α.
Isomorphisms between diffeomorphism groups
Authors: Filipkiewicz R. P.
Published: September 2008

It is shown that any group isomorphism between the Ck diffeomorphism groups of two finite-dimensional, boundaryless paracompact manifolds is induced by a Ck diffeomorphism between the manifolds (1 ≤ k ≤ ∞).
Symétrie et forme normale des centres et foyers dégénérés
Authors: Moussu Robert
Published: September 2008

Consider an analytic differential equation ο = adx + bdy with an algebraically isolated singularity and without a separatrix. The germ at 0∈ℝ2 of the 1-jet y dy is either a focus or a centre. The equation has C∞ normal form of the type = with F(x) = F(−x) if and only if the germ is a centre.
Existence of a bounded function of the maximal spectral type
Authors: Alexeyev V. M.
Published: September 2008

Let us denote by the Hilbert space of all functions on the measure space Ω, square-integrable with respect to the measure μ.
Accuracy of Kepler approximation for fly-by orbits near an attracting centre
Authors: Alexeyev V. M. , Osipov Yu. S.
Published: September 2008

In the study of the motion of a particlewith negligible mass in the gravitational field created by other bodies (for example, the motion of the comet within the Solar system) it is natural to decompose its trajectory into regular and singular parts.
Entropy estimates for geodesic flows
Authors: Sarnak P.
Published: September 2008

Let M be a compact Riemannian manifold of (variable) negative curvature. Let h be the topological entropy and hμ the measure entropy for the geodesic flow on the unit tangent bundle to M. Estimates for h and hμ in terms of the ‘geometry’ of M are derived. Connections with and applications to other geometric questions are discussed.
Geometry of the Katok examples
Authors: Ziller Wolfgang
Published: September 2008

We consider examples of Finsler metrics symmetric or not) onSn,Pnℂ,Pnℍ, andP2Cawith only finitely many closed geodesies or with only few short closed geodesies. The number of closed geodesies in these examples and properties of the closed geodesies are considered.
On collective complete integrability according to the method of Thimm
Authors: Guillemin Victor , Sternberg Shlomo
Published: September 2008

Let G be a Lie group acting in Hamiltonian fashion on a symplectic manifold M with moment map Φ:M → g*. A function of the form ƒ∘Φ where ƒ is a function on g* is called ‘collective’. We obtain necessary conditions on the G action for there to exist enough Poisson commuting functions on g* so that the corresponding collective functions on M form a completely integrable system. For the case G = O(n) or U(n) these conditions are sufficient. This explains Thimm's proof [17] of the complete integrability of the geodesic flow on the real and complex grassmanians. We also discuss related questions in the geometry of the moment map.
Flots topologiquement transitifs sur les surfaces compactes sans bord: contrexemples à une conjecture de Katok
Authors: Levitt Gilbert
Published: September 2008

We prove that on closed surfaces of higher genus cohomological invariants are not sufficient to distinguish topologically transitive flows which are not topologically conjugate; this contradicts a conjecture of Katok.
Entropy properties of rational endomorphisms of the Riemann sphere
Authors: Ljubich M. Ju.
Published: September 2008

In this paper the existence of a unique measure of maximal entropy for rational endomorphisms of the Riemann sphere is established. The equidistribution of pre-images and periodic points with respect to this measure is proved.
Real analytic actions of SL (2, ℝ) on a surface
Authors: Stowe Dennis C.
Published: September 2008

Real analytic actions of connected Lie groups locally isomorphic to SL (2, ℝ) on compact surfaces, possibly with boundary, are classified up to topological conjugacy and up to real analytic conjugacy. Finite dimensional universal unfoldings of the real analytic conjugacy relation are also constructed. These are local transversals to the conjugacy classes in the space of actions. Sometimes the unfolding is a variety but not a manifold, and thus the space of actions is not naturally modelled on a vector space. We find many rigid actions and some unexpected bifurcation.
Stratification of the space of unimodal interval maps
Authors: Block Louis , Hart David
Published: September 2008

The space of ‘quadratic-like’ (unimodal) maps of a compact interval to itself is shown to decompose in a ‘nice’ way (stratify) according to a dynamical property of such maps (the existence of a homoclinic periodic orbit with given period). This decomposition is refined by that discovered by Sarkovskii. Orbit structure and bifurcation properties are also discussed.
Lower entropy factors of sofic systems
Authors: Boyle Mike
Published: September 2008

A mixing subshift of finite type T is a factor of a sofic shift S of greater entropy if and only if the period of any periodic point of S is divisible by the period of some periodic point of T. Mixing sofic shifts T satisfying this theorem are characterized, as are those mixing sofic shifts for which Krieger's Embedding Theorem holds. These and other results rest on a general method for extending shift-commuting continuous maps into mixing subshifts of finite type.