bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flow Cytometric Sorting of Infected Erythrocytes Demonstrates Reliable Detection of Individual Ring-Stage Plasmodium falciparum Parasites by Plasmodium 18S rRNA Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Matsubara Jokichi , Chang Ming , Seilie Annette M. , Murphy Sean C.
Published: April 2022

Molecular diagnostic tests for Plasmodium falciparum parasites are increasingly used to enable ultrasensitive detection of infection in clinical trials and field surveillance studies. Ribonucleic acid (RNA)-based assays targeting 18S rRNA are particularly sensitive with limits of detection reported to comprise a single infected red blood cell (RBC) in a relatively large volume of blood. However, the validation testing at such limiting concentrations is hampered by the so-called Poisson distribution of such rare events, which can lead laboratorians to inaccurately set the limit of detection higher (i.e., less sensitive) than the assay can actually detect. Here we set out to formally demonstrate the analytical sensitivity of the Plasmodium 18S rRNA quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) was used on synchronous P. falciparum cultures doubly stained for DNA and RNA and was followed by qRT-PCR on the individual sorted cells spiked with negative whole blood. Over 95% of individual single-ring infected RBCs were detected by qRT-PCR. The formally measured median 18S rRNA content per individual ring-stage P. falciparum parasite was 9,550 copies (interquartile range 8,130–12,300). Thus, one can confidently rely on Plasmodium 18S rRNA qRT-PCR to detect one parasite per 50-µL blood sample.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN AKUNTANSI PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN TERHADAP KINERJA MANAJERIAL DENGAN MOTIVASI SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING
Authors: Juarsa Badri
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui : (1) Pengaruh penerapan akuntansi pertanggungjawaban terhadap kinerja manajerial; (2) Pengaruh penerapan akuntansi pertanggungjawaban terhadap motivasi; (3) Pengaruh penerapan akuntansi pertanggungjawaban terhadap kinerja manajerial melalui motivasi.
Penelitian ini dilakukan pada PT. Semen Padang Indarung, Lubuk Kilangan Kota  Padang.  Data  yang  digunakan  adalah  data  primer.  Teknik  sampel  yang digunakan  adalah  menggunakan  teknik  total  samping  dengan  cara  menyebar kuesioner.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : (1) Akuntansi Pertanggungjawaban berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja Manajerial; (2) Akuntansi Pertanggungjawaban berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap motivasi; (3) Akuntansi Pertanggungjawaban berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kinerja manajerial melalui motivasi.
PENGARUH DANA PIHAK KETIGA (DPK) DAN NET INTEREST MARGIN (NIM) TERHADAP PENYALURAN KREDIT PADA BANK KONVENSIONAL YANG LISTING DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Ade Fauji  , Siti Masitoh
Published: April 2022

Bank sangat dipengaruhi oleh Dana Pihak Ketiga karena dengan besarnya Dana Pihak Ketiga yang diperoleh Bank memiliki kontribusi yang besar terhadap penyaluran kredit kepada masyarakat sehingga pendapatan bunga yang diperoleh akan semakin meningkat.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Dana Pihak Ketiga (DPK) dan Net Interest Margin (NIM) terhadap Penyaluran Kredit pada Bank Konvensional. Variabel independen adalah Dana Pihak Ketiga (X1) dan Net Interest Margin (X2), dan variabel dependen peminjaman (Y). Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif asosiatif, populasinya adalah 41 Perbankan Konvensional yang listing di Bursa Efek Indonesia di Bursa Efek Indonesia. periode 2014-2018 dengan 9 sampel dan 45 data. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Non Probability Sampling dengan metode purposive sampling, sedangkan teknik analisis datanya meliputi uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi linier berganda dan pengujian hipotesis.Hasil pengujian hipotesis Dana Pihak Ketiga (DPK) terhadap Penyaluran Kredit thitung> ttabel (43,528> 2,051) dan nilai signifikansi α (0,000 <0,05), maka Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak, artinya terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara Dana Pihak Ketiga untuk Penyaluran Kredit. Net Interest Margin (NIM) pada Penyaluran Kredit diperoleh thitung <ttabel (-0,381 <2,051) dan nilai signifikansi α (0,705> 0,05), maka Ho diterima dan Ha ditolak, artinya tidak ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara Net Interest Margin terhadap Distribusi Kredit
KAJIAN PENGARUH PELATIHAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN DALAM PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN TERHADAP SIKAP NELAYAN DI KABUPATEN SERANG
Authors: Sabrawijaya
Published: April 2022

Nelayan sebagai kelompok masyarakat adalah orang-orang yang sangat aktif melakukan pekerjaan di bidang penangkapan ikan / hewan atau tumbuhan air lainnya. Nelayan dibedakan berdasarkan kepemilikan alat tangkap dan waktu yang dihabiskan untuk menangkap ikan.Tujuan penelitian ini: (1) untuk mengetahui hubungan pelatihan dengan sikap nelayan dalam upaya penangkapan, (2) untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengembangan keterampilan nelayan dengan sikap nelayan dalam usaha penangkapan, dan (3) hubungan pelatihan dan pengembangan keterampilan dengan sikap nelayan dalam usaha penangkapan ikan.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan instrumen utama berupa kuesioner. Penyusunan kuesioner didasarkan pada variabel pelatihan, pengembangan keterampilan nelayan sebagai variabel bebas, dan sikap nelayan sebagai variabel terikat. Analisis data menggunakan analisis korelasi sederhana dan pendekatan korelasi ganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel pelatihan memberikan kontribusi positif terhadap sikap nelayan dalam menangkap ikan. Demikian pula variabel pengembangan keterampilan nelayan berpengaruh positif terhadap sikap nelayan. Dengan menggunakan taraf signifikansi 5%, variabel pelatihan dan pengembangan keterampilan memiliki pengaruh yang kuat terhadap pembinaan sikap positif terhadap nelayan untuk meningkatkan kemampuannya dalam menangkap ikan. Dengan demikian, agar kemampuan nelayan di Kabupaten Serat terus meningkat maka upaya pembinaan, pembinaan, pembinaan dan pendampingan merupakan aspek strategis yang terus dilakukan program, baik oleh pemerintah, HNSI maupun instansi terkait lainnya yang memiliki terbukti dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel pelatihan dan pengembangan keterampilan nelayan secara bersama-sama ditingkatkan, sehingga akan memberikan perubahan yang positif bagi aktivitas nelayan dalam upaya penangkapan ikan dengan koefisien determinasi sebesar 0,4900, artinya pelatihan dan pengembangan keterampilan. memiliki peran yang cukup untuk mengetahui tingkat sikap nelayan di Kabupaten Serang dalam upaya penangkapan ikan dengan kontribusi sebesar 49%
ANALISIS DAN PERBAIKAN ERROR COLLAPSE STACKER CRANE AUTOMATIC WAREHOUSE DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE PDCA DI PT. INDAH KIAT PULP & PAPER SERANG,TBK
Authors: Wahyu Wiguna
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengurangi persentase Error collapse Stacker Crane di Gudang Otomatis. Trouble shooting menerapkan PDCA (plan, do, check, action) dengan 7 langkah. Hasil analisis menggunakan Fishbone Diagram menunjukkan 4 alasan dominan yaitu tidak ada alat bantu untuk menentukan palet jajar genjang, nilai torsi x inverter yang tidak akurat, tidak ada pengecekan konveyor stoper secara rutin, palet kayu ASRS rapuh.Tindakan sebagaimana terlampir: Error collapse dapat dikendalikan dengan mengatur nilai torsi x inverter pada level 1.0 hz, tidak menggunakan pallet getas, dibuat alat bantu untuk memutuskan jajaran genjang, dilakukan pengecekan posisi time-table stopper pallet
MODEL PENDAMPINGAN IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM 2013 PADA MATA PELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI SDIT IBADURRAHMAN CIRUAS KABUPATEN SERANG DAN MI AL-KHAIRIYAH PIPITAN KOTA SERANG PROVINSI BANTEN
Authors: Saepudin
Published: April 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1). Mengetahui model pendampingan kurikulum 2013 yang diterapkan di Sekolah Dasar dan di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. (2). Mengetahui implementasi Kurikulum 2013 di Sekolah Dasar dan di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. (3). Mengetahui dampak yang ada dari pendampingan implementasi Kurikulum 2013 di Sekolah Dasar dan di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Deskriptif Kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk menggali data dan informasi mengenai pendampingan implementasi kurikulum 2013 yang dilakukan pada dua sekolah, yaitu SDIT Ibadurrahman Ciruas Kabupaten Serang dan MI Al-Khairiyah Pipitan Kota Serang Provinsi Banten yang sudah melaksanakan implementasi kurikulum 2013. Hasil penelitian dan pembahasan adalah (1). Model pendampingan kurikulum 2013 di sekolah dasar berbentuk pelatihan yang dilaksanakan di gugus sekolah, sedangkan di madrasah ibtidaiyah yaitu berbentuk Bimtek dikegiatan Kelompok Kerja Guru (KKG). (2). Implementasi kurikulum 2013 yang dilaksanakan di SDIT Ibadurrahman Ciruas sudah berjalan sejak tahun 2017 tetapi implementasi kurikulum 2013 baru diterapkan di kelas 1 dan 3, begitu juga di MI Al-Khairiyah Pipitan implementasi kurikulum 2013 baru diterapkan pada tahun 2017 di kelas 1 dan 3. (3). Dampak yang muncul pada pendampingan implementasi kurikulum 2013 diantaranya adalah terjalinnya hubungan yang searah antara sekolah dengan Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Kecamatan dan antara madrasah dengan Departemen Agama Kota Serang, Sekolah dan Madrasah lebih bermutu, bertambahnya wawasan dan ilmu pengetahuan Kepala Sekolah atau Kepala Madrasah dan para Guru, Guru dan siswa lebih berkarakter, kreatif dan inovatif dalam pembelajaran dan pembelajaran lebih nyaman dan menyenangkan. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah dalam rangka penguatan dan penyempurnaan implementasi kurikulum 2013 di sekolah dasar dan madrasah ibtidaiyah maka pemerintah melalui Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan serta Departemen Agama baik di Kecamatan Ciruas Kabupaten Serang ataupun di Kecamatan Walantaka Kota Serang Provinsi Banten melakukan bimbingan dan evaluasi kepada sekolah dasar dan madrasah ibtidaiyah dengan program pendampingan implementasi kurikulum 2013 secara berkesinambungan sampai seluruh sekolah dasar dan madrasah ibtidaiyah yang berada di provinsi Banten sudah menerapkan kurikulum 2013 pada semua kelas.
PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA PADA SEKOLAH DENGAN KURIKULUM INTERNASIONAL STUDI KOMPARASI DI SEKOLAH PELITA HARAPAN, SEKOLAH TUNAS MUDA, DAN SEKOLAH TZU CHI
Authors: Hanafiah Hafidz , Suflani  , Ardi Hidayat
Published: April 2022

Makalah ini merupakan hasil penelitian lapangan tentang manajemen sumber daya manusia di bidang pendidikan. Variabel yang diamati: perencanaan, rekrutmen, pengembangan dan pelatihan, kompensasi, evaluasi, dan pemeliharaan karyawan. Pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, responden survei adalah manajemen sekolah dan karyawan. Temuan penelitian antara lain perencanaan rekrutmen pegawai di Sekolah Pelita Harapan, Sekolah Tunas Muda, dan Sekolah Tzu Chi, sistem rekrutmen untuk rekrutmen pegawai untuk menunjang jalannya pendidikan Sekolah Pelita Harapan, Sekolah Tzu Chi, dan Sekolah Tunas Muda, pengembangan dan pelatihan yang dilakukan oleh agar lebih banyak calon pegawai, santunan pegawai tetap setiap bulan santunan pegawai musiman di Sekolah Pelita Harapan, Sekolah Tzu Chi, dan Sekolah Tunas Muda, penilaian pegawai atas dasar pelayanan dan cara kerja, serta pemeliharaan pada setiap pendidikan dalam mengembangkan karyawannya. Rekomendasi kami untuk setiap aspek dibahas di atas kertas
PENGARUH MOTIVASI, SIKAP DAN PERSEPSI MAHASISWA TENTANG PENDIDIKAN PROFESI AKUNTANSI TERHADAP MINAT MENJADI AKUNTAN PERUSAHAAN PADA MAHASISWA JURUSAN AKUNTANSI SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU EKONOMI AMM MATARAM
Authors: Bella Permata Ayu  , Muhammad Wahyullah  , Sigit Ary Wijayanto
Published: April 2022

Kebutuhan akan profesi Akuntan di Indonesia masih tinggi, namun ironisnya mahasiswa jurusan Akuntansi enggan melanjutkan studi Pendidikan Profesi Akuntansi (PPAk). Penelitian ini ingin melihat dari sisi pengaruh motivasi, sikap, dan persepsi terhadap minat mahasiswa menempuh PPAk. Populasi penelitian menggunakan mahasiswa Jurusan Akuntasi STIE AMM semester 6 (enam) dan 8 (delapan) dengan analisis data menggunakan regresi berganda. Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukkan adanya pengaruh variabel motivasi dan persepsi tentang PPAk terhadap minat menjadi Akuntan Perusahaan, sebaliknya variabel sikap tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap minat menjadi Akuntan. Hal ini diharapkan dapat menjadi masukan untuk institusi, dalam upaya peningkatan pencapaian output profesi Akuntan
Urban Folklore and Folk Crafts Festivals in the Context of a Pandemic:The Case of Shumen
Authors: Marinov Tchavdar
Published: April 2022

The study presents the results of an empirical research conducted in the summer and autumn of 2021 in the town of Shumen within the project “Local festivals: a resource of local communities for crisis management,” financed by the Bulgarian National Science Fund. The research focuses on a local folklore and folk crafts festival and, in particular, on the way its organizers and guests define the relationship between its economic rationality and symbolic importance at the level of local identity and as a mechanism of social solidarity of the local community. The role of the festival in local cultural policies is also analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the extent to which festivals may play the role of mobilizing community resources to address significant crises – in particular the effects of the global epidemiological crisis surrounding Covid-19.
Action Planning with Self-Monitoring Blood Pressure Improves Blood Pressure Control in Geriatric Patients
Authors:   , Oh Thuy Ai
Published: April 2022

Practice Problem: Uncontrolled hypertension is a global healthcare problem. Hypertension is controlled in fewer than 1 in 5 people and has been attributed to premature deaths (WHO, 2021). PICOT: The PICOT question that guided this project was “In patients 65 years of age and older with uncontrolled blood pressure, how does a nurse-led blood pressure control program compared to standard of care improve blood pressure control at an outpatient clinic over 8 weeks?” Evidence: Five studies provided evidence that a nurse-led blood pressure decreased blood pressure results. The evidence supported the practice change of implementing a nurse-led blood pressure control program for patients 65 years and older to improve blood pressure control at an outpatient clinic. Intervention: The registered nurse developed joint goals with the patient based on their individual needs. The action assessed the patient’s treatment such as medication adherence and lifestyle changes (e.g., diet, exercise). The program linked self-monitoring blood pressure with individualized goal planning. Outcome: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic resurgence and an impending strike, timing of the project implementation was impacted. Department staffing and patient census was very low, which resulted in only two participants. Clinical significance was noted with one patient while the second patient did not have a decrease nor increase of their blood pressure at the 2 week follow up visit. Conclusion: Further evaluation of the change in practice over time may provide more evidence of clinical significance. A toolkit was developed and provided to the staff for future implementation and adaptation.
Parametric Analysis of the Performance of Steel-Concrete Composite Structures Designed with TBDY 2018
Authors: ETLİ Serkan
Published: April 2022

In this study, the seismic behavior of steel-concrete composite buildings designed using ÇYTHYE 2016 and TBDY 2018 was investigated. For this purpose, composite moment resisting frame buildings with concrete filled steel tube columns and composite beams with 5, 10, 15 and 20 stories are modeled. Buildings are designed at high ductility (DCH) levels. During the design of the DCH class structures, the design was carried out for the ZA soil class for 0.79 g PGA in the region selected from the earthquake map given in the regulations. Within the scope of the study, SeismoStruct software was used during the design and performance evaluation of the structures. Incremental dynamic analyzes were used along with nonlinear static pushover analyses. In the static pushover analysis, uniform and triangular load distributions of the lateral load are adopted. In the dynamic analysis, 16 earthquake ground motions were obtained from AFAD earthquake acceleration databases according to the relevant design area and used. The variation of the seismic behavior of CMRFs depending on the variation of the floor number was investigated using nonlinear analysis results. Accordingly, the variation in lateral response, overstrength factors and ductility factors for CMRF structures are presented comparatively. In addition, the section deformation capacities were investigated during the IDR changes during dynamic and static nonlinear analyses. The behavior factor of all CMRFs, especially the CMRFs studied in the case study, demonstrated above-expected performance according to the design assumptions.
Determinants of Banking Profitability Listed on The Indonesia Stock Exchange Before and During Covid-19
Authors: Widyarini Rodyah , Santoso Marsoem Bambang
Published: April 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Operational Efficiency (BOPO), Net Interest Margin (NIM), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Non Performing Loan (NPL) and Covid-19 on profitability of  banking companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX during 2019 quartal 2 to 2021 quartal 1. While, from the population of 45 companies, it took 36 companies as sample. The study utilized panel data obtained from the  financial reports listed in banking listed in IDX. By using Fixed Effect Model, The results are CAR, NIM, LDR and Covid-19 had no effect on ROA. BOPO and NPL had a negatif and significant effect on ROA. Prediction capability from these six variables toward ROA is 93.41%. Meanwhile, the remaining 6,59% is explained by other factors outside the model
Şehir İçerisinde Açılan Tünellerde Portal Şev Stabilitesi ile Tünel Kazı İlişkisine Bir Örnek (T7 Tüneli, Ankara-Sivas Yüksek Hızlı Tren Projesi (Kayaş-Elmadağ Kesimi))
Authors: AYGAR Ebu Bekir
Published: April 2022

Tünellerde portal kesimleri her zaman kritik mühendislik yapıları içerisinde olmuştur. Portal ve tünellerin etkileşimi hem portal tasarımını hem de tünel tasarımını etkilemektedir. Portal şevlerinde olası bir yenilmenin etkisi doğrudan tünelleri etkileyeceğinden tüneldeki ilerlemeleri de olumsuz etkilemekte ve zaman zaman durdurmaktadır. Uzun tünellerde kazı ve destek işlemlerinin yıllarca süreceği göz önüne alındığında portal şevlerinin duraylılığı büyük önem kazanmaktadır. Kaya birimlerinde açılan tünellerde süreksizliklere bağlı olarak gelişecek yenilmeler ile zayıf zeminlerde portal şevlerinde toptan göçme olarak meydana gelen yenilmelerin tahkiki, uzun döneme göre yapılmalıdır. Ayrıca yüzeyde ve portal çevresinde yerleşim alanlarının olduğu durumda ise daha kritik bir durum meydana gelmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, Ankara-Sivas Yüksek Hızlı Tren Projesi (Kayaş-Elmadağ kesimi) T7 tüneli özelinde stabilte problemleri incelenmiştir. Tünel kazısı sırasında meydana gelen deformasyonların etkisi ile tünel stabilitesini yitirmiş ve tünel kazısı durdurulmuştur. Tünel destekleri yenilerek portal stabilitesini de olumsuz etkilemiştir. Ayrıca tünel giriş portal kesiminde yerleşimlerinolması bu durumun önemini daha da artırmıştır. Bu amaçla portal ve tünel destekleri için nümerik analizler yapılarak mevcut durumun stabilitesi değerlendirilmiş sonrasında ise yeni destek sistemleri ile portal kesimi için metodoloji önerilmiştir.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Aparatur Desa Dalam Tata Kelola Pelaporan Keuangan Desa
Authors: Gazalin Junaid , Asiri La , Mansur Mansur , Mayunita Sry , Kastan Kastan , Wiranto Rahmat , Jumadil Jumadil , Ranti Ranti , Hanafi Hanafi
Published: April 2022

This community service activity (PKM) aims to increase the understanding and ability of the Sandang Pangan Village apparatus, Sampolawa District, South Buton Regency, in village administration governance as regulated by Permendagri No. 14 of 2016 concerning Guidelines for Village Government Administration and Permendagri No. 20 of 2018 concerning financial management. village. To create regularity in village administration, it is necessary to provide assistance in the preparation of administrative reporting, especially good and correct village financial reporting management. The purpose of community service activities is assistance and guidance to government officials, using the Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) approach or Participatory Learning and Practice Process. PLA is a community empowerment method consisting of a learning process (training, brainstorming, and discussion). The results of this service activity are 1) Village officials have known and understood good and correct village financial reporting management, as evidenced by the results of the training in the form of a draft report document according to the guidelines from the Ministry of Home Affairs regulations. 2) Village administration and village financial reporting so far have not been in accordance with the rules for their preparation, disorganized and irregular that has been carried out by village officials, changed for the better with the creation of a report module that is structured according to village administration. For this reason, efforts to improve the ability of village officials require a scheduled training program so that their competence in preparing report governance will be even better in the future.
Peningkatan Pengetahuan Mengenai Pembuatan MP-ASI Bagi Ibu-ibu Anggota Komunitas MP-ASI Homemade (KMHM) Jember
Authors: Purnasari Galih , Susindra Yoswenita , Arum Puspito
Published: April 2022

Stunting and underweight are nutritional problems in toddlers that are often experienced by Indonesian toddlers to date. Inappropriate feeding practices are the main cause of early nutritional problems in infants and toddlers. Fulfillment of nutrition in a child begins with exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months and continues with complementary feeding (MP-ASI). Ignorance and/or inability to prepare complementary foods that meet nutritional needs appropriately and hygienically is one of the causes of nutritional problems in toddlers. Education about infant and child feeding needs to be given as an effort to prevent nutritional problems. The purpose of this community service activity is to increase the knowledge of mothers under five about producing of MP-ASI for mothers who are members of the Homemade MP-ASI Community (KMHM). This training as an education in community service includes webinars via Zoom. The results of the training showed that there was an increase of participants’ knowledge. Based on the results of Wilcoxon test, it showed that there was an increase in the knowledge of mothers under five about processing and preparing MP-ASI properly.
Modelling and Control of a Dosing Pump for Water Treatment Plants
Authors:   National Board for Technical Education, Kaduna, Nigeria, Bello Oladipupo
Published: April 2022

This paper presents modelling and control of a dosing pump for effective production of high quality potable water for public consumption and utilisation. A mathematical model of a dosing pump is described in this study. Furthermore, the application of a model predictive control (MPC) algorithm to control the dosing pump in order to hold the output variable of the pump as close as possible to the set point without violating the constraints of pump input and output variables is examined. Simulations results of the servo-control and regulatory-control responses of MPC, Proportional Integral (PI) and Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control algorithms show that MPC performs best when compared with the PI and PID controllers.
Environmental Regulation Modeled as a Public Input Proportional to Capital Investment
Authors: Kunce Mitch
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Public inputs, when referred to as unpaid factors, are included in production specifications characterized by constant returns to scale in all inputs. In equilibrium, the public input rent generated by this configuration must be allocated among firms based on some measure of productive activity. Herein, decentralized environmental regulation is modeled as a public input of the unpaid type. Environmental rent is then rationed to private firms in proportion to their capital investment. Results reveal that source based capital taxation will capture these environmental rents, however, will not yield efficiency in the devolved interjurisdictional framework. The capital tax must be complemented by benefit taxation in order to provide efficient local public expenditures and socially optimal levels of environmental quality.

JEL classification numbers: H42, H54, H71.
Keywords: Environmental federalism, Capital tax, Public inputs, Efficiency.
Menggagas Indikator Kinerja Agro−Ekologi Sebagai Inovasi Kebijakan Alokasi Dana Insentif Daerah di Indonesia
Authors: Laksana Satya , Gustav Tyan Indra
Published: April 2022

Transfer anggaran berbasis ekologi (Ecological Fiskal Transfer, EFT) merupakan konsep desentralisasi fiskal untuk menyelaraskan keberlanjutan pembangunan ekonomi dengan kelestarian lingkungan hidup. Sebagai konsep baru, EFT masih membutuhkan rumusan indikator kinerja dan formulasi alokasi anggaran yang lebih ideal dalam rangka meraih salah satu tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan (Sustainable Development Goals, SDGs), yaitu mengurangi ketimpangan pembangunan. Diperlukan evaluasi berkesinambungan serta terobosan kebijakan inovatif dengan melibatkan berbagai pemangku kepentingan dalam perumusannya. Perumusan indikator kinerja ekologi selama ini masih menggunakan paradigma bahwa fungsi ekologi merupakan domain sektor lingkungan hidup dan kehutanan. Padahal fungsi ekologi terdapat pula pada sektor tata ruang dan sektor pertanian. Makalah ini bermaksud untuk: 1) menganalisis kebijakan transfer fiskal di Inonesia; 2) memperbarui konsep indikator kinerja ekologi; serta 3) merancang arah baru (reorientasi) kebijakan Dana Insentif Daerah. Dengan menggunakan metode kajian literatur dan analisis data sekunder, makalah ini mengelaborasi sistem desentralisasi fiskal di Indonesia. Selanjutnya menawarkan konsep baru — yaitu Indikator Kinerja Agro-Ekologi — untuk diadopsi dalam formula perhitungan alokasi Dana Insentif Daerah di masa depan. Implikasi kebijakan dibahas pada akhir makalah.
Program Kartu Prakerja: Konsepsi dan Implementasi Kebijakan Welfare-to-work di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Muhyiddin Muhyiddin , Putra Fadillah , Suryono Ivan Lilin , Yanwar Yanwar , Warsida Rotua Yossina , Yani Roos Arafat Ahmad
Published: April 2022

Masalah pengangguran dan kebijakan ketenagakerjaan menjadi prioritas pemerintahan melalui kebijakan pemerintah yang berorientasi pada full employment yang diharapkan akan berdampak pada peningkatan investasi dan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Konsep welfare to work (WTW) saat ini telah menjadi pembahasan sentral di banyak negara saat berbicara tentang isu pengangguran dan ketenagakerjaan. Model ini adalah salah satu oprasional dari pendekatan Active Labour Market Policy (ALMP) yang muncul sebagai kritik atas pendekatan lama yaitu Passive Labour Market Policy (PLMP). Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut maka perlu dikembangkan sebuah pendekatan yang secara jelas dan sistematis benar-benar mengantarkan para pencari kerja untuk dapat kembali bekerja. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) melakukan identifikasi atas faktor-faktor penentu atas dukungan implementasi Program Kartu Prakerja; (2) Menyusun disain hubungan antar lembaga antar pemerintah pelaksana Program Kartu Prakerja dengan lembaga penyedia jasa swasta dan organisasi lokal; (3) Menyusun mekanisme insentif baik bagi pencari kerja maupun lembaga penyedia layanan WTW khususnya pada pencari kerja dari kelompok rentan; (4) Menyusun desain program peningkatan kapasitas dan profesioanalitas petugas penyedia pelayanan lapangan (frontliner-activation workers) 5) Memetakan persepsi kelompok terdampak atas keberadaan Program Kartu Prakerja di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Program Kartu Prakerja adalah suatu kebijakan yang dikeluarkan pemerintah ditengah kondisi pandemi COVID-19 sebagai suatu social safety net dan untuk melatih serta meningkatkan kompetensi angkatan kerja menghadapi bonus demografi pada tahun 2030. Sosialisasi yang digunakan oleh pihak dinas secara intensif hanya dilakukan melalui satu platform media sosial (instagram). Selain itu, interaksi yang terjadi dalam akun tersebut dapat dikatakan sangat minim dan kurang efektif.
Eficiência técnica e variáveis de gestão: um estudo de caso de propriedades produtoras de café localizados na região das matas de Minas
Authors:   , Costa João Gabriel Alves da
Published: April 2022

O mundo moderno dos negócios tem exigido, cada vez mais, dos gestores empresariais, o controle mais eficiente dos custos de produção. Entretanto, esta não é uma tarefa trivial. Por isso, a gestão das atividades empresariais agrícolas vem passando, ao longo dos últimos anos, por profundas transformações técnicas e gerenciais. Na história e formação econômica do Brasil, o café consta como uma das culturas agrícolas de maior relevância na geração de empregos e renda no país. Grande parte de seus produtores estão inseridos na agricultura familiar. Dada as suas limitações de recursos, torna-se imperativo a implementação de uma gestão eficiente sobre o uso dos insumos de produção. Diante deste fato, a adoção de instrumentos de suporte à tomada de decisão surge como uma opção viável de auxílio à gestão. Sendo assim, a pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a eficiência técnica de 255 propriedades de café na região das Matas de Minas, assim como averiguar a influência exercida pelas variáveis de gestão sobre a eficiência dessas propriedades. Para o alcance de tal objetivo, a amostra de propriedades foi separada em dois biênios de produção. Para a verificação das eficiências técnicas se aplicou o método de Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA). Para a averiguação da influência exercida pelas variáveis de gestão, foi aplicado um modelo de regressão Tobit. Os resultados da pesquisa apontaram para uma eficiência técnica média de 73,2% no primeiro biênio e 67,6% no segundo biênio. As variáveis de gestão área em produção, escolaridade/capacitação, evolução patrimonial e preço médio de venda apresentaram relevância estatística na influência sobre os escores de eficiência. De acordo com o que foi verificado, ainda existem muitas oportunidades de redução nos insumos de produção com desdobramentos em um ganho maior de eficiência técnica entre as propriedades. Palavras-chave: Eficiência técnica. Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA). Café.
Desigualdade de gênero e alocação intradomiciliar de nutrientes na adolescência
Authors:   , Santos Renata de Souza
Published: April 2022

Diante do elevado percentual de inadequação no consumo de nutrientes entre os brasileiros, especialmente na adolescência, e considerando que a iniquidade na alocação dos recursos dentro do domicílio pode gerar uma redução de bem-estar de determinados membros em detrimento de outros do mesmo domicílio, torna-se necessário investigar a existência de desigualdade na alocação intradomiciliar de nutrientes no Brasil. Além disso, quando há desigualdade no consumo alimentar entre os membros de um domicílio, existe a possibilidade desse não estar seguro no aspecto alimentar. Assim, o presente trabalho buscou responder aos seguintes questionamentos: Existe desigualdade de gênero na alocação intradomiciliar de nutrientes entre os indivíduos de 10 a 18 anos no Brasil? Quais os fatores a influenciam? Deste modo o objetivo do trabalho é mensurar a desigualdade na alocação de calorias, carboidratos, gorduras, proteínas, ferro, vitamina C e vitamina D dentro dos domicílios entre meninos e meninas com idade entre 10 a 18 anos, para verificar se existe desigualdade em direção as meninas, grupo que geralmente se encontra em posição de desvantagem de acordo com a literatura. Foi dado como hipótese a existência de desigualdade prejudicial às meninas para todos os nutrientes, exceto calorias e carboidratos. Foram utilizados os microdados da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF-IBGE) de 2017/2018. A desigualdade foi mensurada através de um índice contínuo de adequação relativo para os nutrientes selecionados. Para tanto, utilizou-se duas análises, uma na forma contínua, por meio da regressão linear, e uma na forma binária, utilizando a regressão logística, para conhecer os fatores associados ao fenômeno. Não foram encontradas evidências de desigualdade prejudicial às meninas em comparação com os meninos, para a maioria dos nutrientes selecionados. Apenas no caso do ferro, foram encontrados indícios de desigualdade alocativa. Assim, neste estudo não foram encontradas evidências de forte desigualdade prejudicial ao grupo de interesse. Os resultados suportaram a hipótese de equidade alocativa em relação aos carboidratos. Quanto a vitamina C e D, a desigualdade se mostrou prejudicial aos meninos. Ao analisar os fatores preditores da desigualdade intradomiciliar na alocação de nutrientes os resultados foram diversos. Cabe destacar ao considerar a ingestão de calorias, a segurança alimentar foi um fator que contribuiu para diminuir a desigualdade alocativa. A chefia feminina contribuiu para aumentar as chances das meninas passarem por desigualdade prejudicial. A escolaridade do chefe de família se mostrou um fator desfavorável a desigualdade para os micronutrientes: ferro, vitamina C e vitamina D. O tamanho da família, a faixa etária que o adolescente pertence, o fato do adolescente ter trabalhado, as variáveis de classes de rendimentos e de localização trouxeram resultados diversos em todas as análises feitas. Palavras-chave: Desigualdade. Alocação intradomiciliar de nutrientes. Gênero. Adolescência.
Positive predictive value of Birads IV Lesions on mammogram in detection of breast carcinoma
Authors: Rahim Anila , Amjad Sattar  , Syed Omair Adil  , Sohail Ahmed Khan
Published: April 2022

Objectives: To determine the positive predictive value of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category IV lesions, and to evaluate interobserver agreement among radiologists in interpreting the subcategories.
Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Dow Institute of Radiology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, from September 2018 to February 2019, and comprised adult females aged 30-60 years diagnosed with Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System IV. Already diagnosed breast carcinoma patients were excluded. The positive predictive value of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category IV was calculated using histopathology findings as the gold standard. Data was analysed using SPSS 22.
Results: There were 191 patients with a mean age of 49.01±11.79 years. Positive family history of breast cancer was found in 33(17.3%) subjects. Category IV-A was noted in 53(28.0%) subjects, IV-B in 45(23.6%) and IV-C in 93(48.7%). The overall positive predictive value of category IV was 151(79.1%), IV-A 27(50.9%), IV-B 35(77.7%) and IV-C 89(95.6%). Malignant disease was significantly associated with architectural distortion and suspicious microcalcifications (p<0.001). A good agreement was observed in the categorisation of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category IV between observers 1 and 2 (kappa 0.85, 95% confidence interval: 0.70-0.99), between observers 1 and 3 (kappa 0.77, 95% confidence interval: 0.61-0.94), and between observers 2 and 3 (kappa 0.63, 95% confidence interval: 0.43-0.83).
Conclusion: Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System BI-RADS IV was found to have a high positive predictive value in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Besides the interobserver agreement in terms of interpretation was good.
Key Words: BIRADS IV, Interobserver agreement, Positive predicted value.
The Dark side of Acetaminophen
Authors: Tariq Faryal
Published: April 2022

Madam,
Risk-taking behaviour is defined as health concerning behaviours like unsafe sex, substance abuse and various sexual behaviours that result in increased mortality and morbidity.
Wakeup Call: Is Pakistan Ready for the Stillbirths Count Down 2030?
Authors: Muhammad Ameer , Shafiq Yasir
Published: April 2022

Worldwide, around 2 million births annually ended in stillbirths (1). Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia are sharing 80% of the burden, with 44% of events being contributed by only six countries i.e., India, Pakistan, Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, China, and Ethiopia (1). Considering the public health burden of significance, even now stillbirths are the most neglected in country-level attention and low priority is given to mitigate the risk factors of stillbirths. (2)
The consequence of stillbirth is huge, both systemwide as well at the level of the household. The impact is grossly linked with both economic broadly and psychological and physical well-being at the individual level (3). Furthermore, at the individual level, the social and cultural taboo attached with stillbirth as an outcome is severe and hinders correct reporting at the country level (3). The problem of under or misreporting is grossly an issue in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs); socio-cultural barriers are most prevalent in these countries (3).
Nearly 40% of stillbirths are attributable to preventable causes, usually happening during the intrapartum period, which can easily be averted through better health interventions and quality of care (1). Further, the rest of the leading causes are pertaining to antepartum complications (1) The distribution of causes of stillbirths are continuing to remain stagnant since last few years, and remedial interventions so far at the country level are not on track to gain the reduction in stillbirth rates as per criteria for the count down 2030 (4-5).
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Is cyproterone acetate causing intracranial meningiomas?
Authors: Majid Zuha , Rutaab Kareem
Published: April 2022

Dear Editor, cyproterone acetate (CPA) is an anti-androgenic medication with progestin like properties. It is used in treating acne, hirsutism, poly cystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and in birth control pills in females and in prostate cancer in males. It is used with or without ethinyl estradiol and works by suppressing the action of testosterone on the tissues. This drug gained popularity as it was the first anti-androgen drug.  Despite its efficacy, it is not free from side effects including headache, migraine, depression, weight gain, and elevated liver enzymes(1). Although unavailable in the United States, cyproterone acetate has been used internationally for many years.(2)
However, some recent studies published on this drug have raised serious concerns. A study by Weill et Al. pointed out the association between use of high doses of cyproterone acetate and intracranial meningiomas in women(3).  In this cohort study, a crude relative risk of 5.2 (95% CI 3.2 to 8.6) and adjusted hazard ratio of 6.6 (95% CI 4.0 to 11.1) was found between CPA and meningiomas. This relation was dose dependent, and the risk decreased when discontinued the use of CPA. This is not the only study that reported these relations. A study carried out by Gil, in as early as 2011, pointed out a similar causal connection(4), but had less impact due to low power. Moreover, people exposed  to CPA experienced earlier onset of meningioma.(5).
This worrying revelation raises the question, is the drug safe to be prescribed.
CPA is easily available in Pakistan like many other countries. Hyperandrogenic disorders are high in Pakistan and physicians find this drug effective against those conditions. We suggest that this drug be prescribed with caution and in low doses. CPA therapy conjugated with estradiol should be preferred as it had fewer adverse effects. The patients who take CPA in high doses should be made aware of the high risks of the drug. If prolonged use is necessary, regular MRIs should be considered and prompt measures should be taken in case of any unprecedented finding. In patients with a history of meningiomas, this drug should be strictly restricted. Many other drugs, such as spironolactone(6) are being tested for use as a safety relay for CPA. However, more extensive research is required to find safe alternatives for cyproterone acetate.
Keterlibatan dalam Aktiviti Fizikal dan Pengaruh Kepada Self Esteem Pelajar Sekolah Menengah di Semenanjung Malaysia
Authors: Ya’cob Mohd Azhar , Zawi Mohd Khairi
Published: April 2022

Sumbangan sukan dan aktiviti fizikal mempunyai perkaitan yang besar dalam mempengaruhi perkembangan pendidikan secara positif. Keterlibatan pelajar dalam aktiviti fizikal akan memberi impak terhadap fizikal, kecerdasan mental, kepimpinan serta fokus di dalam kelas. Objektif kajian ini dijalankan adalah bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti tahap penglibatan pelajar dalam aktiviti fizikal dan pengaruhnya kepada self esteem dalam kalangan pelajar sekolah menengah. Instrumen utama yang digunakan sebagai pengumpulan data adalah dengan menggunakan soal selidik melalui google form. Ini kerana, kajian yang dibuat adalah merupakan kajian tinjauan. Responden adalah terdiri daripada kalangan pelajar sekolah menengah dengan jumlah 400 orang di Semenanjung Malaysia. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa, tahap keterlibatan pelajar sekolah menengah dalam aktiviti fizikal adalah tinggi (min=4.17; sp=0.507) begitu juga dengan self esteem, berada pada tahap yang tinggi (min=4.15; sp=0.558) dalam kalangan pelajar sekolah menengah. Hasil analisis regresi mudah menunjukkan bahawa pemboleh ubah bebas iaitu keterlibatan pelajar dalam aktiviti fizikal mempunyai korelasi dan pengaruh menyumbang sebanyak 52.0 peratus secara signifikan terhadap self esteem dalam kalangan pelajar sekolah menengah (β=0.721, t=20.781 dan p=0.000). Satu unit keterlibatan pelajar dalam aktiviti fizikal akan meningkatkan sebanyak 0.721 unit self esteem dalam kalangan pelajar. Kesimpulannya, keterlibatan pelajar dalam aktiviti fizikal merupakan faktor penting yang mempengaruhi dan memberi kesan kepada self esteem dalam kalangan pelajar.
Framing COVID-19 and the Movement Control Order: Between Social Responsibility and Editorial Ideology
Authors: Mohamed Shafizan , Syed Abdullah Idid Syed Arabi Bin
Published: April 2022

Pandemics pose significant global risks. If the aftermath of a large-scale health crisis is not carefully contained, it can be catastrophic. In times like this, the media plays an important role in educating the public and upholding social order by covering news that is both insightful and positive. This study examines media coverage of the COVID-19 health crisis in Malaysia during the country's Minimal Control Order (MCO) period using a framing theory perspective. According to the results of a content analysis of The Star Online (N=870) and Malaysiakini Bahasa (N=870), issues concerning the technical implementation of the Movemenet Control Order (MCO) and the economy dominated the news. Despite the parallels in the topics covered, the study also discovered that when it came to framing the news, The Star was more optimistic about how the crisis is progressing than Malaysiakini, suggesting that even during a pandemic, local newspapers couldn't wander too far from their political and ideological positions.
Assessing The Types of Rehabilitation and Care for The Homeless in Malaysia
Authors: Jasni Mohd Alif , Hassan Nazirah , Ibrahim Fauziah , Kamaluddin Mohammad Rahim , Che Mohd Nasir Norruzeyati
Published: April 2022

The issue of the homeless is a social issue which requires discussion to find a solution for what is currently happening. Though the government and the non-government agencies have done their best to provide the rehabilitation and care centres for the homeless, these efforts have been described as a temporary solution and not something permanent. The issue to be focused is the significant factor which serves as the background such as the homeless welfare policy, the increase of the minimum wage as well as the provision of low-cost homes. These matters should be implemented first by the government. The existence of a policy that strives to ensure the safety and welfare of the homeless will be a starting point that allows these groups to be assisted more efficiently. The increase of the number of rehabilitation centres provided by the government and non-government agencies may indicate that the homeless issue is not improving but it seems to be getting worse. This is because the increase of the centres is a lens that shows that the number of homeless people is increasing in Malaysia. The situation involves a demand and supply, and the high demand causing the occurrence of high supply clearly shows the state of homelessness in the country. As such, the government needs to cooperate with the government scholars to find a more comprehensive solution in curbing this homelessness problem. This concept paper will discuss the types of rehabilitation and care to provide in-depth understanding of the homeless issue in Malaysia.
Blended Learning to Learn Presentation Skills Among English Second Language (ESL) Learners
Authors: Mohd Amin Mohd Hafiszudin , Md Ramlan Saiful Farisin , Wahi Wahiza
Published: April 2022

This study attempts to explore and understand how the collaborative blended learning environment affects students’ presentation performance. It also intends to examine students’ perceptions of this learning environment. 25 ESL students participated in this study. This study lasted for 14-weeks and involved students participating in the conventional class and group discussion delivered both face to face in the classroom and online mode via ifolio to collaboratively develop their presentation skills. Data collected were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively using the thematic and content analysis methods. The study concluded that integrating collaborative blended learning presentation skills activities in an ESL classroom enhanced students’ positive feeling towards presentations, decreased their communication apprehension and improved their presentation performance. The study implied that in order to create an ideal learning environment that helps students improve their presentation skills, collaborative blended learning presentation skills activities need to be integrated into learning and teaching. With the emergence of rapid technology, blended learning has become a useful teaching and learning approach for teachers and ESL learners, especially in learning presentation skills. However, most English courses are still practising teachers centred, thus, neglecting the important element of integrating technology with face-to-face learning activities in learning presentation skills.
Kempen Penyalahgunaan Dadah: Satu Kajian Rintis Berkenaan Impak Penggunaan Papan Tanda Sebagai Medium Komunikasi
Authors: Jamri Mohamad Hafifi , ISMAILIsmail Nurzali , Ahmad Jamilah , Ridzuan Abdul Rauf , Hassan Mohd Sufiean , Ibrahim Noor Afzaliza Nazira , Abdul Rani Nur Shazana , Ab Hadi Siti Nur Izyandiyana , Bakar Mohd Hilmi , Khairuddin Khairi
Published: April 2022

Penggunaan papan tanda sebagai medium penyampaian maklumat sudah tidak asing lagi di negara ini. Kempen-kempen kesihatan di negara ini turut tidak ketinggalan menggunakan platform ini sebagai salah satu agen penyebarluasan informasi kepada masyarakat. Tujuan kajian rintis ini dijalankan adalah untuk menilai impak penggunaan papan tanda sebagai medium promosi Kempen Penyalahgunaan Dadah. Reka bentuk kajian keratan rentas kuantitatif digunakan bagi kajian ini. Sejumlah 50 orang responden yang terdiri daripada belia berusia 18 hingga 29 tahun telah direkrut sebagai sampel kajian dari kawasan negeri Pulau Pinang. Hasil kajian rintis ini menunjukkan bahawa penggunaan papan tanda sebagai medium promosi bahaya penyalahgunaan dadah mempunyai keberkesanan kepada golongan belia. Penambahbaikan dari segi kreativiti persembahan kandungan dalam papan tanda boleh terus dijalankan bagi meningkatkan impak medium ini kepada masyarakat.