bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of sociodemographic factors in birth seasonality in Spain
Authors: Recio Alcaide Adela , Pérez López César , Bolúmar Francisco
Published: August 2022

Objectives

The goal of the present research is to establish for the first time a hierarchy of sociodemographic factors according to their importance influencing birth seasonality.

Methods

We used Vital Statistics data on all births registered in Spain in the period 2016–2019. Differences in the degree of seasonality between sociodemographic groups (defined by maternal age, maternal marital status, maternal education, birth order, maternal job qualification, maternal employment status, maternal location population size, and maternal country of birth) were first examined with descriptive techniques. Secondly, analysis through alternative Data Mining techniques determined the association between sociodemographic factors and birth seasonality and the factors importance rank.

Results

Those factors related to maternal labor status (employment status, job qualification, and education) were found to be the most relevant influencing birth seasonality. It was found that the overall seasonal pattern in Spain was driven by lower skilled employed mothers, in contrast with not employed or high skilled employed mothers, who showed a different or weaker seasonality. Finally, we found that a change in the rhythm pattern has taken place in the last decades in Spain.

Conclusions

Birth seasonality is to a large extent related to maternal employment status. Employed mothers, normally more affected by the seasonality of work calendar than the unemployed, show higher conception rates structured around holidays. This may indicate that the observed change of seasonal pattern in Spain in the last decades, as in other European countries, may be specifically driven by the progressive higher participation of women in labor market.
Delegation and consultation on operational and tactical issues: Any difference in their potentialities for a healthier psychosocial work environment?
Authors: Llorens‐Serrano Clara , Salas‐Nicás Sergio , Navarro‐Giné Albert , Lluís Salvador Moncada
Published: August 2022

Background

Despite the growing number of studies on direct participation labor‐management practices, little is known about the role of their different discretionary degrees (delegation or consultation) and topics in their relationship with the psychosocial work environment by occupational groups.

Methods

Cross‐sectional study on the relationship between direct participation and work‐related psychosocial risks (using COPSOQ‐ISTAS21 v3) on a representative sample of the salaried and wage‐earning employees in Spain (n = 1807). Prevalence ratios were calculated using adjusted Poisson regression models, controlling for 10 other labor‐management practices, sex, and age, and stratified by occupational group.

Results

The use of direct participation was either associated consistently with a healthier psychosocial work environment (mostly in manual occupations, which presented twice as many positive associations as nonmanual occupations, and of greater strength, mostly in the control and social support dimensions) or there were no significant associations (mostly among nonmanual occupations and in relation to work pace). More frequent and stronger associations were observed when consultation and delegation were used in combination. If used separately, consultation achieved better results among manual occupations and delegation among nonmanual occupations. Direct participation topics were not important for results in manual occupations whereas results were better on tactical (vs. operational) issues in nonmanual occupations.

Conclusions

Direct participation does not change power structure, but it may be a useful intervention at the company level to reduce work‐related psychosocial exposures and associated diseases among workers in manual occupations, and consequently for decreasing occupational exposures and health inequalities.
EEF1A2 pathogenic variant presenting in an infant with failure to thrive and frequent apneas requiring respiratory support
Authors: Vogt Lindsey M. , Lorenzo Melissa , B. Prendergast D'Arcy , Jobling Rebekah , Gill Peter J.
Published: August 2022

EEF1A2 is a gene whose protein product, eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2 (eEF1A2), plays an important role in neurodevelopment. Reports of individuals with pathogenic variants in EEF1A2 are rare, with less than 40 individuals reported world‐wide, however a common feature is the association of the variant with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Thus far, there have been limited reports of other organ systems or body functions affected by variants in this gene. Here, we present a case of a child with EEF1A2‐related disorder who presented at 3 months of age with hypotonia, microcephaly, failure to thrive, and respiratory insufficiency with central apneas requiring respiratory support. Our case highlights the notion that the respiratory system may be highly implicated in EEF1A2‐related disorder, allowing for better phenotypic characterization of the disorder.
Investigation of genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity in 37 Turkish patients with Kabuki and Kabuki‐like phenotype
Authors: Usluer Esra , Sayın Gözde Yeşil , Güneş Nilay , Kasap Buşra , Tüysüz Beyhan
Published: August 2022

Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a rare disorder characterized by distinct face, persistent fingertip pads, and intellectual disability (ID) caused by mutation in KMT2D (56%–76%) or KDM6A (5%–8%). Thirty‐seven children aged 1–16 years who followed for median of 6.8 years were included in this study, which aimed to investigate the genetic and clinical characteristics of KS patients. KMT2D and KDM6A were evaluated by sequencing and multiplex‐ligation‐dependent probe amplification in 32 patients. Twenty‐one pathogenic variants in KMT2D, of which 17 were truncated and nine were novel, one frame‐shift novel variant in KDM6A were identified. The molecular diagnosis rate was 68.7% (22/32). In the whole‐exome sequencing analysis performed in the remaining patients, no pathogenic variant that could cause any disease was detected. All patients had ID; 43.2% were severe and moderate. We observed that facial features that became more prominent with age were enough for a possible diagnosis of KS in infancy. The frequencies of facial features, cardiac and renal anomalies, short stature, microcephaly, and epilepsy did not differ depending on whether they had truncating or nontruncating variants or were in variant‐negative KS‐like group. This study has expanded clinical features of the disease, as well as identified new variants in genes causing KS.
Olefin–Borane Interactions in Donor–π–Acceptor Fluorophores that Undergo Frustrated‐Lewis‐Pair‐Type Reactions
Authors: Oshimizu Ryo , Ando Naoki , Yamaguchi Shigehiro
Published: August 2022

Olefin–borane π‐complexes have been postulated as intermediates for the addition of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLP) to olefins. In the present study, we have employed this weak interaction to modulate the electronic properties of boron‐based π‐electron materials. A series of donor–π–acceptor (D–π–A) fluorophores that contain an alkenyl‐bridged diarylboryl group is synthesized. A crystallographic analysis revealed that the olefin and boron moieties are held in close proximity. Upon addition of a Lewis base to a solution of these D–π–A fluorophores, an FLP‐type addition occurs with concurrent significant changes in the absorption and emission properties. The FLP‐type reaction shifts the reaction site from the Lewis‐acidic boron atom to a carbocationic center, and thereby even facilitates a reaction with bulky Lewis bases. For example, a tricyclohexylphosphine adduct thus generated exhibits temperature‐dependent reversible dissociation/association behavior. These results provide a design strategy for stimuli‐responsive emissive boron‐based materials.
1 : 1 Ca2+:Cu2+ A‐site Order in a Ferrimagnetic Double Double Perovskite
Authors: Solana‐Madruga Elena , Kearins Padraig S. , Ritter Clemens , Arévalo‐López Ángel M. , Attfield J. Paul
Published: August 2022

Cation ordering in ABX3 perovskites is important to structural, physical and chemical properties. Here we report discovery of CaCuFeReO6 with the tetragonal AA′BB′O6 double double perovskite structure that was previously only reported for A′=Mn compositions. CaCuFeReO6 occurs in the same phase field as CaCu3Fe2Re2O12 demonstrating that different A‐cation ordered peroskites may be obtained in the same chemical system. CaCuFeReO6 has ferrimagnetic order of Fe, Re and Cu spins below TC=567 K, in contrast to Mn analogues where the Mn spins order separately at much lower temperatures. The magnetoresistance of CaCuFeReO6 displays low‐field “butterfly” hysteresis with an unusual change from negative to positive values as field increases. Many more AA′BB′O6 double double perovskites may be accessible for A′=Cu and other divalent transition metals at high pressure, so the presently known phases likely represent only the “tip of the iceberg” for this family.
Operando Quantified Lithium Plating Determination Enabled by Dynamic Capacitance Measurement in Working Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Lei , Xiao Ye , Yang Yi , Yang Shi‐Jie , Chen Xiao‐Ru , Xu Rui , Yao Yu‐Xing , Cai Wen‐Long , Yan Chong , Huang Jia‐Qi , Zhang Qiang
Published: August 2022

The access to full performance of state‐of‐the‐art Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) is hindered by the mysterious lithium plating behavior. A rapid quantified lithium plating determination method compatible with actual working conditions is an urgent necessity for safe working LIBs. In this contribution, the relationship between electrical double layer (EDL) capacitance and electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) of graphite anodes during the Li‐ion intercalation and Li plating processes is unveiled. We propose an operando lithium plating determination method based on the dynamic capacitance measurement (DCM) test. Reasonable selection of alternating current (AC) frequency protects the anodic responses from the interference of cathodic responses, which allows DCM to be applied in practical LIBs. The onset of lithium plating can be quantitatively traced, demonstrating the promise for real‐time operando determination for lithium plating in a working battery.
Extended Conjugation Tuning Carbon Nitride for Non‐sacrificial H2O2Photosynthesis and Hypoxic Tumor Therapy**
Authors: Ma Jin , Peng Xiaoxiao , Zhou Zhixin , Yang Hong , Wu Kaiqing , Fang Zhengzou , Han Dan , Fang Yanfeng , Liu Songqin , Shen Yanfei , Zhang Yuanjian
Published: August 2022

Artificial photocatalysis offers a clean approach for producing H2O2. However, the poor selectivity and activity of H2O2production hamper traditional industrial applications and emerging photodynamic therapy (PDT)/chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Herein, we report a C5N2photocatalyst with a conjugated C=N linkage for selective and efficient non‐sacrificial H2O2production in both normoxic and hypoxic systems. The strengthened delocalization of π‐electrons by linkers in C5N2downshifted the band position, thermodynamically eliminating side H2evolution reaction and kinetically promoting water oxidation. As a result, C5N2had a competitive solar‐to‐chemical conversion efficiency of 0.55 % in overall H2O2production and exhibited by far the highest activity under hypoxic conditions (698 μM h−1). C5N2was further applied to hypoxic PDT/CDT with outstanding performance in apparent cancer cell death and synchronous bioimaging. The study sheds light on the photosynthesis of H2O2by carbon nitrides for health applications.
Synergistic Manipulation of Hydrogen Evolution and Zinc Ion Flux in Metal‐Covalent Organic Frameworks for Dendrite‐free Zn‐based Aqueous Batteries
Authors: Guo Can , Zhou Jie , Chen Yuting , Zhuang Huifen , Li Qi , Li Jie , Tian Xi , Zhang Yuluan , Yao Xiaoman , Chen Yifa , Li Shun‐Li , Lan Ya‐Qian
Published: August 2022

Zn‐based aqueous batteries have attracted much attention because of their high theoretical‐capacity, safety, and low‐cost, yet the H2‐evolution, qualification or inhibition mechanism investigations that are closely related to the dendrite‐growth are rare and challenging. Herein, a series of zincophilic metal‐covalent organic frameworks (e.g., Zn‐AAn‐COF, Zn‐DAAQ‐COF, and Zn‐DAA‐COF) have been explored as model‐platforms to manipulate the H2‐evolution and Zn2+flux. Best of them, Zn‐AAn‐COF based cell only produces 0.002 mmol h−1 cm−2 H2, which is >2 orders of magnitude lower than bare Zn. Noteworthy, it affords high stability for 3000 cycles (overpotential, <79.1 mV) at 20 mA cm−2in symmetric‐cell and enhanced cycling‐stability up to 6000 cycles at 2000 mA g−1in the assembled full‐battery. Besides, mechanistic characterizations show that Zn‐AAn‐COF can enhance the energy‐barrier of H2‐evolution and homogenize the ion‐distribution or electric‐filed to achieve high performance.
pH‐Induced Symmetry Conversion of DNA Origami Lattices
Authors: Wang Yong , Yan Xuehui , Zhou Zhaoyu , Ma Ningning , Tian Ye
Published: August 2022

DNA nanotechnology has provided credible approaches for assembly of three‐dimensional (3D) lattices with complex patterns. However, the symmetries are strictly dependent on their initial configurations and difficult to alter via non‐thermal treatments. While switchable nucleic acid structures have been employed to construct deformable DNA motifs, it remains challenging to arrange them anisotropically in 3D lattices to trigger directed collective shape transition and dynamic symmetry conversion. In this work, we used octahedral DNA origami frames to synthesize four DNA origami lattices by placing the pH‐reactive i‐motif sequences in the desired dimensions. Thereinto, lattices with an anisotropic design can switch between simple cubic (SC) and simple tetragonal (ST) upon pH change. Small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) results reveal the feasibility of obtaining 3D lattices with sensitive responses to external stimuli, expanding the way to obtain low‐symmetry lattices.
Rheological behavior of PES/PVP/DMAc solution and PVP structural regulation for hollow fiber membrane
Authors: Zhang Lu , Zhang Haoran , Jiang Jinhu , Zhao Dong , Shen Chunyin , Zha Shangwen , Qu Shaoyi , Lin Ru , Wang Yanli , Dai Gance
Published: August 2022

Rheological study plays a significant role in hollow fiber membrane spinning process and membrane structure regulation. In this work, the rheological behaviors of polyethersulfone (PES) spinning solutions added the polyvinylpyrrolidone (grade of PVP‐K30, PVP‐K60, and PVP‐K90) were systematically investigated by rotational rheometry to understand how the PES membrane structure changes. Results show that PVP of variable molecular weights change the rheological properties of PES spinning solution, such as the viscosity (ηa), non‐Newtonian index (n), flow activation energy (Eη), structural viscosity index (∆η), storage modulus (G′), and loss modulus (G′′). The mixture with PVP‐K30 exhibits optimal spinnability but the finger‐like membrane structure is undesirable for the hemodialysis. The rheological behaviors of PES/PVP‐K60 and PES/PVP‐K90 reveal that increasing shear rate and temperature are effective ways to improve the spinnability of the mixture and the membrane structure is regulated. Meanwhile, the addition of PVP‐K60 or PVP‐K90 at their critical concentration to the PES solution can fabricate a hollow membrane with a sponge‐like structure. Combining spinnability and membrane structure, PVP‐K90 is a suitable additive for the hemodialysis membrane.
High heat‐resistant (250°C) epoxy resin composites with excellent dielectric properties
Authors: Wang Chunbiao , Feng Yu , Zhang Changhai , Zhang Tiandong , Chi Qingguo , Chen Qingguo , Lei Qingquan
Published: August 2022

Insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is the core of electric energy conversion and circuit control, which is widely used in the field of electric vehicles. Higher service temperature, higher power density, and higher operating voltage are the tendency for IGBT in which packing materials have to possess more stable temperature resistance and better insulating properties. In this work, cyanate ester (CE) and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) are introduced into epoxy with various filling ratio to improve the dielectric and thermal properties. The curing process of every system is determined by non‐isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). N and Si element distribution mappings indicate that there are good compatibility between POSS, CE, and epoxy. The dielectric test shows that the dielectric constant decreases from 4.34 to 2.84 at 1 MHz and from 4.76 to 2.93 at 1 kHz when the filling ratio is 60 wt%. Meanwhile, the DC breakdown strength increases from 172.7 to 286.4 kV/mm. Furthermore, the glass transition temperature (Tg) increases from 180 to 263°C and the yield of residual carbon increases from 6.2% to 23.7%. A new packing material, which can endure 250°C of operating temperature and has excellent dielectric properties has been synthesized.
A mechanistic spatio‐temporal modeling of COVID‐19 data
Authors: Briz‐Redón Álvaro , Iftimi Adina , Mateu Jorge , Romero‐García Carolina
Published: August 2022

Understanding the evolution of an epidemic is essential to implement timely and efficient preventive measures. The availability of epidemiological data at a fine spatio‐temporal scale is both novel and highly useful in this regard. Indeed, having geocoded data at the case level opens the door to analyze the spread of the disease on an individual basis, allowing the detection of specific outbreaks or, in general, of some interactions between cases that are not observable if aggregated data are used. Point processes are the natural tool to perform such analyses. We analyze a spatio‐temporal point pattern of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) cases detected in Valencia (Spain) during the first 11 months (February 2020 to January 2021) of the pandemic. In particular, we propose a mechanistic spatio‐temporal model for the first‐order intensity function of the point process. This model includes separate estimates of the overall temporal and spatial intensities of the model and a spatio‐temporal interaction term. For the latter, while similar studies have considered different forms of this term solely based on the physical distances between the events, we have also incorporated mobility data to better capture the characteristics of human populations. The results suggest that there has only been a mild level of spatio‐temporal interaction between cases in the study area, which to a large extent corresponds to people living in the same residential location. Extending our proposed model to larger areas could help us gain knowledge on the propagation of COVID‐19 across cities with high mobility levels.
Automated detection of nocturnal motor seizures using an audio‐video system
Authors: Armand Larsen Sidsel , Terney Daniella , Østerkjerhuus Tim , Vinding Merinder Torsten , Annala Kaapo , Knight Andrew , Beniczky Sándor
Published: August 2022

Background

Unsupervised nocturnal tonic‐clonic seizures (TCSs) may lead to sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Major motor seizures (TCSs and hypermotor seizures) may lead to injuries. Our goal was to develop and validate an automated audio‐video system for the real‐time detection of major nocturnal motor seizures.

Methods

In this Phase‐3 clinical validation study, we assessed the performance of automated detection of nocturnal motor seizures using audio‐video streaming, computer vision and an artificial intelligence‐based algorithm (Nelli). The detection threshold was predefined, the validation dataset was independent from the training dataset, patients were prospectively recruited, and the analysis was performed in real time. The gold standard was based on expert evaluation of long‐term video electroencephalography (EEG). The primary outcome was the detection of nocturnal major motor seizures (TCSs and hypermotor seizures). The secondary outcome was the detection of other (minor) nocturnal motor seizures.

Results

We recruited 191 participants aged 1–72 years (median: 20 years), and we monitored them for 4183 h during the night. Device deficiency was present 10.5% of the time. Fifty‐one patients had nocturnal motor seizures during the recording. The sensitivity for the major motor seizures was 93.7% (95% confidence interval: 69.8%–99.8%). The system detected all 11 TCS and four out of five (80%) hypermotor seizures. For the minor motor seizure types, the sensitivity was low (8.3%). The false detection rate was 0.16 per h.

Conclusion

The Nelli system detects nocturnal major motor seizures with a high sensitivity and is suitable for implementation in institutions (hospitals, residential care facilities), where rapid interventions triggered by alarms can potentially reduce the risk of SUDEP and injuries.
Cancer‐related stroke: Exploring personalized therapy strategies
Authors: Chen Yu‐Jie , Dong Rui‐Guo , Zhang Meng‐Meng , Sheng Chao , Guo Peng‐Fei , Sun Jie
Published: August 2022

Background

Cancer and ischemic stroke are two common diseases that threaten human health and have become the main causes of death in the world. It is estimated that one‐in‐ten patients with ischemic stroke have concomitant cancer, and this incidence is expected to increase as improvements in medical technology extends the life expectancy of cancer patients.

Discussion

Cancer‐related stroke (CRS) refers to unexplained ischemic stroke in patients with active cancer that cannot be explained by current stroke mechanisms. Available evidence suggests that CRS accounts for 5–10% of embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS). Although the incidence of CRS is gradually increasing, its underlying pathogenesis remains unclear. Also, there is no consensus on acute treatment and secondary prevention of stroke.

Conclusion

In this review, we retrospectively analyzed the incidence, mechanisms of CRS, its potential as a new stroke subtype, options for acute treatment, secondary prevention strategies, and disease progression, with the aim of attempting to explore personalized therapy strategies.
Recent advances and challenges in the design of Li–air batteries oriented solid‐state electrolytes
Authors: Ding Yajun , Li Yuejiao , Wu Zhong‐Shuai
Published: August 2022

Solid‐state Li–air batteries with ultrahigh energy density and safety are promising for long‐range electric vehicles and special electronics. However, the challenging issues of developing Li–air battery‐oriented solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) with high ionic conductivity, interfacial compatibility, and stability to boost reversibility, increase stable triple‐phase boundaries, and protect the Li anode in an open system substantially impede their applications. Herein, we systematically summarize the recent progress achieved in terms of SSEs for Li–air batteries, and describe in detail the basic characteristics of SSE|air cathode interfaces and SSE|Li anode interfaces. First, the major characteristics of SSEs in Li–air batteries in terms of ionic/electronic conductivity, chemical/electrochemical/thermal stability, mechanical strength, and interfacial compatibility are briefly introduced according to three types of SSEs: inorganic, organic, and hybrid SSEs. Second, key strategies of integrating catalytic sites, porous structures, and electronic conductors with SSEs to enhance triple‐phase boundaries at the SSE|air cathode for improving Coulombic efficiency are described in detail. Moreover, the protection of Li metal from H2O, CO2, O2, and redox mediators at the SSE|Li anode to ensure safety is elaborately overviewed. Finally, future opportunities and perspectives on three important topics of three‐dimensional structural integration, external field assistance, and operando characterizations are proposed for advanced solid‐state Li–air batteries.
Machine learning‐based prognostic and metastasis models of kidney cancer
Authors: Zhang Yuxiang , Hong Na , Huang Sida , Wu Jie , Gao Jianwei , Xu Zheng , Zhang Fubo , Ma Shaohui , Liu Ye , Sun Peiyuan , Tang Yanping , Liu Chun , Shou Jianzhong , Chen Meng
Published: August 2022

Background

Kidney cancer originates from the urinary tubule epithelial system of the renal parenchyma, accounting for 20% of all urinary system tumors. Approximately 70% of cases are localized at diagnosis, and 30% are metastatic. Most localized kidney cancers can be cured by surgery, but most metastatic patients relapse after surgery and eventually die of kidney cancer. Therefore, accurately predicting patient survival and identifying high‐risk metastatic patients will effectively guide interventions and improve prognosis.

Methods

This study used the data of 12,394 kidney cancer patients from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database to construct a research cohort related to kidney cancer survival and metastasis. Eight machine learning models (including support vector machines, logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, XGBoost, AdaBoost, K‐nearest neighbors, and multilayer perceptron) were developed to predict the survival and metastasis of kidney cancer and six evaluation indicators (accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, and area under the receiver operating characteristic [AUROC]) were used to verify, evaluate, and optimize the models.

Results

Among the eight machine learning models, Logistic Regression has the highest AUROC in both prediction scenarios. For 3‐year survival prediction, the Logistic Regression model had an accuracy of 0.684, a sensitivity of 0.702, a specificity of 0.670, a precision of 0.686, an F1 score of 0.683, and an AUROC of 0.741. For tumor metastasis prediction, the Logistic Regression model had an accuracy of 0.800, a sensitivity of 0.540, a specificity of 0.830, a precision of 0.769, an F1 score of 0.772, and an AUROC of 0.804.

Conclusion

In this study, we selected appropriate variables from both statistical and clinical significance and developed and compared eight machine learning models for predicting 3‐year survival and metastasis of kidney cancer. The prediction results and evaluation results demonstrated that our model could provide decision support for early intervention for kidney cancer patients.
Chemical Composition, Antiaging Activities and Molecular Docking Studies of Essential Oils from Acca sellowiana (Feijoa)
Authors: El‐Nashar Heba A. S. , Adel Mai , El‐Shazly Mohamed , Yahia Ibrahim S. , El Sheshtawy Hamdy S. , Almalki Adel A. , Ibrahim Nehal
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition of essential oils isolated from Acca sellowiana (feijoa) leaves and stems and elaborate on their relevance as natural anti‐aging, coupled with molecular‐docking studies. The isolated oils were analysed using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis and investigated for inhibitory effects against acetylcholinesterase, β‐secretase, collagenase, elastase and tyrosinase. Molecular‐modelling study was performed using MOE‐Dock program to evaluate binding interactions of major components with the above‐mentioned targets. The leaf oil revealed the predominance of caryophyllene oxide (24.3 %), linalool (7.9 %), and spathulenol (6.6 %), while the stem oil was presented by caryophyllene oxide (38.1 %), α‐zingiberene (10.1 %) and humulene oxide II (6.0 %). The stem oil expressed superior inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase (IC50=0.15±0.01 μg/mL), β‐secretase (IC50=3.99±0.23 μg/mL), collagenase (IC50=408.10±20.80 μg/mL), elastase (IC50=0.17±0.01 μg/mL) and tyrosinase (IC50=8.45±0.40 μg/mL). The valuable binding interactions and docking scores were observed for caryophyllene oxide and α‐zingiberene with acetylcholinesterase. Besides, α‐zingibirene followed by linalool and τ‐cadinol revealed tight fitting with collagenase and elastase. Additionally, linalool, spathulenol and τ‐cadinol showed the best binding energy to tyrosinase. This study provides valuable scientific data on A. sellowiana as potential candidates for the development of natural antiaging formulations. The current study provided scientific evidence for the potential use of feijoa essential oils in antiaging formulations and as an adjuvant for the prophylaxis against Alzheimer disease.
Spotlight on borderline personality disorder: History, genetics, and neurobiology
Authors: Gearin Priya
Published: August 2022

One of my friends is a neuroscientist, and not long ago I met some of her other neuroscientist friends. Interesting conversations begin when a psychiatrist and neuroscientist connect, and among those conversations was one about the history, genetics, and neurobiology of borderline personality disorder (BPD).
Normalizing not using substances: DFC grants
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: August 2022

Most young people don't use drugs, and the federal Drug‐Free Communities (DFC) program helps support those people. On July 8, the House Office of National Drug Policy (ONDCP) announced about $81 million for 645 local coalitions across the country as part of the DFC Support Program Continuation Grant Awards.
Improving the Electrocatalytic Activity of a Nickel‐Organic Framework toward the Oxygen Evolution Reaction through Vanadium Doping
Authors: Yu Hongbo , Wang Lixia , Li Huatong , Luo Zuyang , Isimjan Tayirjan Taylor , Yang Xiulin
Published: August 2022

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have been considered as potential oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts owning to their ultra‐thin structure, adjustable composition, high surface area, and high porosity. Here, we designed and fabricated a vanadium‐doped nickel organic framework (V1−x−NixMOF) system by using a facile two‐step solvothermal method on nickel foam (NF). The doping of vanadium remarkably elevates the OER activity of V1−x−NixMOF, thus demonstrating better performance than the corresponding single metallic Ni‐MOF, NiV‐MOF and RuO2 catalysts at high current density (>400 mA cm−2). V0.09−Ni0.91MOF/NF provides a low overpotential of 235 mV and a small Tafel slope of 30.3 mV dec−1 at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. More importantly, a water‐splitting device assembled with Pt/C/NF and V0.09−Ni0.91MOF/NF as cathode and anode yielded a cell voltage of 1.96 V@1000 mA cm−2, thereby outperforming the‐state‐of‐the‐art RuO2(+)||Pt/C(−). Our work sheds new insight on preparing stable, efficient OER electrocatalysts and a promising method for designing various MOF‐based materials.
Sex disparities in the incidence of 21 cancer types: Quantification of the contribution of risk factors
Authors: Jackson Sarah S. , Marks Morgan A. , Katki Hormuzd A. , Cook Michael B. , Hyun Noorie , Freedman Neal D. , Kahle Lisa L. , Castle Philip E. , Graubard Barry I. , Chaturvedi Anil K.
Published: August 2022

Background

Cancer incidence is higher in men than in women at most shared anatomic sites for currently unknown reasons. The authors quantified the extent to which behaviors (smoking and alcohol use), anthropometrics (body mass index and height), lifestyles (physical activity, diet, medications), and medical history collectively explain the male predominance of risk at 21 shared cancer sites.

Methods

Prospective cohort analyses (n = 171,274 male and n = 122,826 female participants; age range, 50–71 years) in the National Institutes of Health‐AARP Diet and Health Study (1995–2011). Cancer‐specific Cox regression models were used to estimate male‐to‐female hazard ratios (HRs). The degree to which risk factors explained the observed male–female risk disparity was quantified using the Peters–Belson method.

Results

There were 26,693 incident cancers (17,951 in men and 8742 in women). Incidence was significantly lower in men than in women only for thyroid and gallbladder cancers. At most other anatomic sites, the risks were higher in men than in women (adjusted HR range, 1.3–10.8), with the strongest increases for bladder cancer (HR, 3.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.93–3.79), gastric cardia cancer (HR, 3.49; 95% CI, 2.26–5.37), larynx cancer (HR, 3.53; 95% CI, 2.46–5.06), and esophageal adenocarcinoma (HR, 10.80; 95% CI, 7.33–15.90). Risk factors explained a statistically significant (nonzero) proportion of the observed male excess for esophageal adenocarcinoma and cancers of liver, other biliary tract, bladder, skin, colon, rectum, and lung. However, only a modest proportion of the male excess was explained by risk factors (ranging from 50% for lung cancer to 11% for esophageal adenocarcinoma).

Conclusions

Men have a higher risk of cancer than women at most shared anatomic sites. Such male predominance is largely unexplained by risk factors, underscoring a role for sex‐related biologic factors.
Robust Cross‐Linked Na3V2(PO4)2F3 Full Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Gao Jinqiang , Tian Ye , Ni Lianshan , Wang Baowei , Zou Kangyu , Yang Yingchang , Wang Ying , Banks Craig E. , Zhang Dou , Zhou Kechao , Liu Huan , Deng Wentao , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo
Published: August 2022

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have rapidly risen to the forefront of energy storage systems as a promising supplementary for Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Na3V2(PO4)2F3 (NVPF) as a common cathode of SIBs, features the merits of high operating voltage, small volume change and favorable specific energy density. However, it suffers from poor cycling stability and rate performance induced by its low intrinsic conductivity. Herein, we propose an ingenious strategy targeting superior SIBs through cross‐linked NVPF with multi‐dimensional nanocarbon frameworks composed of amorphous carbon and carbon nanotubes (NVPF@C@CNTs). This rational design ensures favorable particle size for shortened sodium ion transmission pathway as well as improved electronic transfer network, thus leading to enhanced charge transfer kinetics and superior cycling stability. Benefited from this unique structure, significantly improved electrochemical properties are obtained, including high specific capacity (126.9 mAh g−1 at 1 C, 1 C = 128 mA g−1) and remarkably improved long‐term cycling stability with 93.9% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 20 C. The energy density of 286.8 Wh kg−1 can be reached for full cells with hard carbon as anode (NVPF@C@CNTs//HC). Additionally, the electrochemical performance of the full cell at high temperature is also investigated (95.3 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 1 C at 50 °C). Such nanoscale dual‐carbon networks engineering and thorough discussion of ion diffusion kinetics might make contributions to accelerating the process of phosphate cathodes in SIBs for large‐scale energy storages.
Probabilistic seismic performance of pylons of a cable‐stayed bridge under near‐fault and far‐fault ground motions
Authors: Xu Wei , Wang Yixian , Zhong Jian
Published: August 2022

Pulse‐like ground motions significantly influence structural responses, indicating that more consideration should be given to the seismic design of structures in the near‐site region. However, less effort focuses on the seismic response of a cable‐stayed bridge under near‐field pulse‐like excitations, and the difference in structural responses caused by near‐field pulse‐like and far‐field ground motions is not fully captured. This paper, therefore, aims to investigate the effect of pulse‐like ground motions on a cable‐stayed bridge, and it presents a comparison of far‐field earthquakes. Considering the finite number of recorded ground motions, artificial pulse‐like ground motions are adopted in this study. Furthermore, two classical intensity measures (peak ground velocity [PGV] and peak ground acceleration) were used to establish the probabilistic seismic demand model for cable‐stayed bridges. Then, fragility curves associated with the pylon of the bridge were compared under the action of different types of excitations, and the damage state of the whole pylon is presented through the median point of the slight damage of the curvature of each pylon section. The results indicate that the bottom section of the pylon is damaged first under different seismic excitations, with the PGV as the index. Moreover, far‐fault ground motions have a greater impact on the curvature response of the longitudinal bridge section of the pylon than the near‐fault ground motions, so the damage is more serious.
Cyclic Triimidazoles as Stabilizers for Gene Promoter and Human Telomeric DNA G‐Quadruplexes
Authors: Malpicci Daniele , Andolina Stefano , Di Ciolo Stefano , Lucenti Elena , Cariati Elena , Marzano Simona , Pagano Bruno , Amato Jussara , Randazzo Antonio , Giannini Clelia
Published: August 2022

The synthesis and characterization of a small series of cyclic triimidazole derivatives functionalized with methylated pyridine or guanidine moieties is reported. These compounds were tested for their ability to bind to G‐quadruplexes from both telomeric and oncogene promoter sequences. Some of them exhibited high affinity and effective G‐quadruplex‐stabilizing properties. Overall, these compounds may represent useful leads for developing more potent and selective analogues.
Amine‐Rich Carbon Dots as Novel Nano‐Aminocatalytic Platforms in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Corti Vasco , Bartolomei Beatrice , Mamone Martina , Gentile Giuseppe , Prato Maurizio , Filippini Giacomo
Published: August 2022

The development of novel and effective metal‐free catalytic systems, which can drive value‐added organic transformations in environmentally benign solvents (for instance, water), is highly desirable. Moreover, these new catalysts need to be harmless, easy‐to‐prepare, and potentially recyclable. In this context, amine‐rich carbon dots (CDs) have recently emerged as promising nano‐catalytic platforms. These nitrogen‐doped nanoparticles, which show dimensions smaller than 10 nm, generally consist of carbon cores that are surrounded by shells containing numerous amino groups. In recent years, organic chemists have used these surface amines to guide the design of several synthetic methodologies under mild operative conditions. This Concept highlights the recent advances in the synthesis of amine‐rich carbon dots and their applications in organic catalysis, including forward‐looking opportunities within this research field.
A companion to the preclinical common data elements and case report forms for neuropathology studies in epilepsy research. A report of the TASK3WG2 Neuropathology Working Group of the ILAE/AES Joint Translational Task Force
Authors: Aronica Eleonora , Binder Devin K. , Drexel Meinrad , Ikonomidou Chrysanthy , Kadam Shilpa D. , Sperk Guenther , Steinhäuser Christian
Published: August 2022

The International League Against Epilepsy/American Epilepsy Society (ILAE/AES) Joint Translational Task Force initiated the TASK3 working group to create common data elements (CDEs) for various aspects of preclinical epilepsy research studies, which could help improve the standardization of experimental designs. This article addresses neuropathological changes associated with seizures and epilepsy in rodent models of epilepsy. We discuss CDEs for histopathological parameters for neurodegeneration, changes in astrocyte morphology and function, mechanisms of inflammation, and changes in the blood‐brain barrier and myelin/oligodendrocytes resulting from recurrent seizures in rats and mice. We provide detailed CDE tables and case report forms (CRFs), and with this companion manuscript, we discuss the rationale and methodological aspects of individual neuropathological examinations. The CDEs, CRFs, and companion paper are available to all researchers, and their use will benefit the harmonization and comparability of translational preclinical epilepsy research. The ultimate hope is to facilitate the development of rational therapy concepts for treating epilepsies, seizures, and comorbidities and the development of biomarkers assessing the pathological state of the disease.
Implementing case study design to evaluate diverse institutions and STEM education contexts: Lessons and key areas for systematic study
Authors: Cobian Krystle P. , White‐Lewis Damani Khary , Hurtado Sylvia , Ramos Hector V.
Published: August 2022

This chapter highlights the important contributions of case study research to the evaluation of student‐centered programs and broader STEM initiatives in higher education. We summarize the Diversity Program Consortium's case study evaluation of the Building Infrastructure Leading to Diversity (BUILD) initiative, funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), with aims to enhance diversity in the NIH‐funded workforce. We describe lessons learned from the case study design used for the evaluation of BUILD that applies to administrators of STEM initiatives who are interested in case study methods and to evaluators who are familiar with case studies and tasked with program evaluation of a multisite STEM program. These lessons include practical considerations for logistics and the importance of clarifying the goals of the case study design within the larger program evaluation, fostering the continuation of knowledge within the evaluation team, and embedding trust building and collaboration throughout all stages of the case study.
Spatial sulfur poisoning behavior associated with in‐plane electrochemical performance variation of solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Kim Young Je , Kim Han Hwi , Park Jun‐Young , Lim Hyung‐Tae
Published: August 2022

In this study, sulfur poisoning behavior is investigated on a 5 × 5 cm2 anode‐supported cell as a function of H2S concentration, cell voltage, and in‐plane region. At a lower cell voltage, the 1st drop % in the current density decreases by promoting sulfur desorption while the 2nd drop % increases slightly. The outlet regions with poor performance show a lower drop % owing to the water vapor effect, while the inlet regions with superior performance show a higher drop %, especially at high H2S concentrations. Ni oxidation in the inlet regions is caused by the substantial 2nd drop under the combined conditions of high current density and H2S concentration, whereas that in the outlet region is caused by the high H2O concentration. The results indicate that in‐plane performance variation may aggravate sulfur poisoning in the inlet regions, whereas it may lead to Ni oxidation in the outlet regions.
A Forest‐Based Triboelectric Energy Harvester
Authors: Edberg Jesper , Mulla Mohammad Yusuf , Hosseinaei Omid , Alvi Naveed ul Hassan , Beni Valerio
Published: August 2022

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are a new class of energy harvesting devices that have the potential to become a dominating technology for producing renewable energy. The versatility of their designs allows TENGs to harvest mechanical energy from sources like wind and water. Currently used renewable energy technologies have a restricted number of materials from which they can be constructed, such as metals, plastics, semiconductors, and rare‐earth metals. These materials are all non‐renewable in themselves as they require mining/drilling and are difficult to recycle at end of life. TENGs on the other hand can be built from a large repertoire of materials, including materials from bio‐based sources. Here, a TENG constructed fully from wood‐derived materials like lignin, cellulose, paper, and cardboard, thus making it 100% green, recyclable, and even biodegradable, is demonstrated. The device can produce a maximum voltage, current, and power of 232 V, 17 mA m–2, and 1.6 W m–2, respectively, which is enough to power electronic systems and charge 6.5 µF capacitors. Finally, the device is used in a smart package application as a self‐powered impact sensor. The work shows the feasibility of producing renewable energy technologies that are sustainable both with respect to their energy sources and their material composition.
Automated slice‐specific z‐shimming for functional magnetic resonance imaging of the human spinal cord
Authors: Kaptan Merve , Vannesjo S. Johanna , Mildner Toralf , Horn Ulrike , Hartley‐Davies Ronald , Oliva Valeria , Brooks Jonathan C. W. , Weiskopf Nikolaus , Finsterbusch Jürgen , Eippert Falk
Published: August 2022

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the human spinal cord faces many challenges, such as signal loss due to local magnetic field inhomogeneities. This issue can be addressed with slice‐specific z‐shimming, which compensates for the dephasing effect of the inhomogeneities using a slice‐specific gradient pulse. Here, we aim to address outstanding issues regarding this technique by evaluating its effects on several aspects that are directly relevant for spinal fMRI and by developing two automated procedures in order to improve upon the time‐consuming and subjective nature of manual selection of z‐shims: one procedure finds the z‐shim that maximizes signal intensity in each slice of an EPI reference‐scan and the other finds the through‐slice field inhomogeneity for each EPI‐slice in field map data and calculates the required compensation gradient moment. We demonstrate that the beneficial effects of z‐shimming are apparent across different echo times, hold true for both the dorsal and ventral horn, and are also apparent in the temporal signal‐to‐noise ratio (tSNR) of EPI time‐series data. Both of our automated approaches were faster than the manual approach, lead to significant improvements in gray matter tSNR compared to no z‐shimming and resulted in beneficial effects that were stable across time. While the field‐map‐based approach performed slightly worse than the manual approach, the EPI‐based approach performed as well as the manual one and was furthermore validated on an external corticospinal data‐set (N > 100). Together, automated z‐shimming may improve the data quality of future spinal fMRI studies and lead to increased reproducibility in longitudinal studies.
Blockade of T‐cell receptor with Ig and ITIM domains elicits potent antitumor immunity in naturally occurring HBV‐related HCC in mice
Authors: Wu Yuwei , Hao Xiaolei , Wei Haiming , Sun Rui , Chen Yongyan , Tian Zhigang
Published: August 2022

Background and Aims:

Chronic HBV infection is the leading cause of HCC and a serious health problem in China, East Asia, and North African countries. Effective treatment of HBV‐related HCC is currently unavailable. This study evaluated the therapeutic potential of T‐cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) blockade in HBV‐related HCC.

Approach and Results:

A mouse model of spontaneous HBV‐related HCC was generated by replacing wild‐type hepatocytes with HBsAg+ hepatocytes (namely HBs‐HepR mice). The tumors in HBs‐HepR mice were inflammation‐associated HCC, similar to HBV‐related HCC in patients, which was distinguished from other HCC mouse models, such as diethylnitrosamine‐induced HCC, TGF‐β‐activated kinase 1 knockout–induced HCC, HCC in a stelic animal model, or NASH‐induced HCC. HCC in HBs‐HepR mice was characterized by an increased number of CD8+ T cells, whereas the production of IL‐2, TNF‐α, and interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) by intrahepatic CD8+ T cells was decreased. Increased expression of TIGIT on CD8+ T cells was responsible for functional exhaustion. The therapeutic effect of TIGIT blockade was investigated at the early and middle stages of HCC progression in HBs‐HepR mice. TIGIT blockade reinvigorated intrahepatic CD8+ T cells with increased TNF‐α and IFN‐γ production and an increased number of CD8+ T cells in tumors, thereby slowing the development of HCC in HBs‐HepR mice. Blocking PD‐L1 did not show direct therapeutic effects or synergize with TIGIT blockade.

Conclusions:

Blockade of TIGIT alone enhanced the antitumor activity of CD8+ T cells during the progression of HBV‐related HCC in a spontaneous HCC mouse model.