bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on Physical Properties of Tapioca Starch
Authors: Manchun S. , Nunthanid Jurairat , Limmatvapirat Sontaya , Sriamornsak Pornsak
Published: June 2012

A new processing method for the production of modified starch, high power ultrasonic treatment (400 W), was applied to native tapioca starch. The effect of processing parameters such as ultrasound amplitude (50 and 100%) and sonication time (10, 20 and 30 minutes) on the properties of the modified starches was investigated. Starch granule morphology observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), swelling power, solubility and powder x-ray diffractometry (PXRD) of the obtained ultrasonically treated tapioca starch were determined and compared with native as well as heat-treated tapioca starches. The results from SEM and PXRD showed that the ultrasonic treatment of tapioca starch distorted the crystalline region in starch granules, especially at higher amplitude or sonication time. The swelling power of the tapioca starch increased after treatment with both heat and ultrasound, in which the swelling power of ultrasonically treated starch was higher than that of heat-treated starch. It was found that tapioca starch treated by ultrasound for a certain period of time has an increase in solubility. The increase in the swelling power is associated with water absorption capacity and starch granules solubility.
Heterocoaggulation of Natural Rubber Latex and Poly [Styrene-co-2-(Methacryloyloxy) Ethyl Trimethylammonium Chroride] Nanoparticles
Authors: Promdsorn S. , Chaiyasat P. , Chaiyasat A.
Published: June 2012

In this work, the heterocoaggulation of natural rubber latex (NRL) with polymer nanoparticles having positive charge on their surfaces was studied to prepare polymer nanocomposite. Firstly, poly [styrene-co-2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl trimethylammonium chrorid (P(S-QDM)) nanoparticles were prepared by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization at 80 °C for 8 hours using azobisisobutylamide dihydrochloride (AIBA) as initiator. The size (211 nm) of P(S-QDM) particles was measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Secondly, the P(S-QDM) emulsion was mixed with NRL at the pH of 9 where the P(S-QDM) and NRL surfaces presented positive (+77.6 mV) and negative (-49.3 mV) charges, respectively. The polymer nanocomposite where P(S-QDM) adsorbed on the NRL surface by electrostatic interaction was characterized with scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetric analyzer and DLS.
Antibacterial Wound Healing Gels from Oligochitosan Salts
Authors: Janvikul W. , Ngamviriyavong P. , Uppanun P. , Tanjak P. , Sangjun N.
Published: June 2012

Oligochitosan salt-based antibacterial wound gels were developed and evaluated in both in vitro and in vivo models. The antibacterial activities of the oligochitosan salts and the wound gels were investigated against Staphylococcus epidermidis RP625 and Escherichia coli ATCC 11775. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the oligochitosan salts were found in the range of 16-256 μg/mL. The wound gels demonstrated their in vitro activities on inhibiting the growth of bacteria. The 3-D collagen gel matrix containing human dermal fibroblasts cultured with each test gel was used as an in vitro model for the examination of cell proliferation and secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8). The gels appeared to promote the proliferation and formation of cellular process of the fibroblasts in the 3-D collagen gels and stimulate the fibroblasts to produce more IL-8. In the in vivo model, it was noted that the gels could accelerate the wound closure process. The wounds were completely closed within 14 days.
Compostability and Ecotoxicity of Poly(lactic acid) and Starch Blends
Authors: Rudeekit Yositar , Siriyota Pongsaks , Intaraksa Parichai , Chaiwutthinan P. , Tajan Monchait , Leejarkpai Thanawadee
Published: June 2012

This paper revealed the compostability of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and PLA/starch blends with various amounts of starch contents. The results showed that the ultimate aerobic biodegradation under controlled composting conditions of PLA and PLA/starch with 30, 50 and 70 wt% starch contents were 83.43%, 84.28%, 88.04% and 95.83%, respectively. Under the same testing conditions, the biodegradation of cellulose, as a positive material, was 84.89%. In the disintegration testing, the tested materials were completely biodegraded and no residuals were observed through visual inspection after 30 days. In ecotoxicity test, the rate of germination and plant growth of monocotyledon and dicotyledon on the resulting compost were no significant different when compared to blank compost under. It can be concluded that the PLA and PLA/starch blends were clearly safe for the ecosystem. Furthermore, these materials were biodegradable and compostable materials as they pass all requirements of ISO 17088.
Development of Soaps Containing Betel Nut Extract
Authors: Phaechamud T. , Chitrattha Sasiprapa
Published: June 2012

Areca catechu L. or betel nut tree is one of popular traditional herbal medicines used in Thailand. The betel nut, seed of Areca catachu contains polyphenols, flavonoids and alkaloids that have a potent muscarinic action, which the potential application in Alzheimers disease and antioxidative effect have been mentioned. The anti-aging effects of Areca catechu L. extract on skin has been investigated previously which it could improve the skin hydration, skin elasticity, and wrinkle reduction. The methanolic extract of Areca catechu L. seed gave high antioxidant activity than the other parts of this plant. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the physical properties of soap formula containing methanolic Areca catechu L. seed extract. Hardness of opaque soap was not affected by an addition of Areca catechu L. seed extracts but it affected on that of transparent soap. 0.1, 5 %w/w Areca catechu L. seed extracts affected the foaming capacity of opaque soap. In contrast, addition of Areca catechu L. extracts on transparent soap did not affect the foaming capacity. The opaque soap containing 5 %w/w methanolic Areca catechu L. seed extract with 3%, 5%, and 10 %w/v dilution solution exhibited the activity against S. aureus which were not significantly different from that of the soap base.
Characterization of Konjac Glucomannan Film Containing the Extracts of Atractylodes lancea and Saussurea lappa
Authors: Kaewsomboon T. , Sawangkan Komgrit , Satirapipathkul Chutimon
Published: June 2012

The antibacterial properties of konjac glucomannan (KGM) film containing two herb extracts (Atractylodes lancea and Saussurea lappa) at various concentrations was studied in this present work. This activity was tested against two pathogenic bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that the mean value of inhibition zone diameter of incorporated films with Saussurea lappa extracts were higher than those incorporating Atractylodes lancea extracts for all concentrations. The film incorporated with S. lappa extract had higher antibacterial activity against both bacteria than incorporated with A. lamcea. For all these levels, it can be seen that the KGM film had satisfactory physical properties and antibacterial activities.
Factors Affecting Design of Shellac-Based Matrix Tablet through Annealing Process
Authors: Chongcherdsak Noppadol , Limmatvapirat Chutima , Limmatvapirat Sontaya
Published: June 2012

The aim of research was to elucidate effect of annealing temperature and shellac (SHL) content on properties of shellac-based matrix tablets. Theophylline was selected as a model drug. The tablets were prepared by direct compression process and then annealed at various temperatures for 24 hours. The tablet properties, including hardness and disintegration time were comparatively. The result demonstrated that annealing temperature directly affected the hardness and disintegration time of tablets. At 60oC or more, the hardness was increased more than 1.5 times as compared to that of un-annealed tablet. The disintegration time was also increased and well correlated with the increased hardness. In addition, the more pronounced effect was observed as increasing SHL content. The more amount of SHL should provide more condensed network that improved cohesiveness and delayed disintegration time of tablets. The results from this research could provide the basic knowledge for development of drug containing shellac-based matrix tablet.
Characterization and Adsorption Efficiency of the Natural and the Modified Diatomite via the Low Temperature Hydrothermal Route
Authors: Pookmanee Pusit , Thippraphan P. , Jansanthea P. , Phanichphant Sukon
Published: June 2012

Natural diatomite was modified by manganese chloride via the low temperature hydrothermal route. The chemical properties and adsorption efficiency of the natural and the modified diatomite were characterized. The chemical compositions of the natural and the modified diatomite were determined by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDXS). Morphology of the natural and the modified diatomite was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adsorptions of Cd (II) and Pb (II) ions onto the natural and the modified diatomite were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS).
Thermal Insulation Produced from Pineapple Leaf Fiber and Natural Rubber Latex
Authors: Kumfu Supreyak , Jintakosol Thanut
Published: June 2012

The objective of this study was to investigate the thermal property of thermal insulation board produced from admixtures of pineapple leaf fiber and natural rubber latex at different proportion level and the thermal property was evaluated based on the American Society for Testing Materials standard. Thermal insulation boards were fabricated using a hot pressing technique at a temperature of 150 °C under a pressure of 100 kg/cm2 for 5 min to form a squared thermal insulation with the size of 35 cm and 0.9 cm thickness. The thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation was 0.057 W /m K with density of 338 kg/m3. The success of this study primarily proclaims a high feasibility of producing thermal insulation from pineapple leaf fiber and natural rubber latex as a substitute for synthetic fiber.
Fabrication of Dental Ceramics from Silicon Nitride Core with Borosilicate Glass Veneer
Authors: Wasanapiarnpong Thanakorn , Cherdtham N. , Padipatvuthikul P. , Mongkolkachit C. , Wananuruksawong R. , Jinawath S.
Published: June 2012

Silicon nitride ceramic is a potential material for clinical indications due to its high fracture toughness, strength, and non-cytotoxicity. For this reason, Si3N4 ceramic is interested to apply for dental core. The superiority of Si3N4 ceramic is the low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) which is lower than that of zirconia and alumina ceramics that are popular in this field. In this study, borosilicate glass powder with 5 wt% of zirconia addition was prepared by melting at 1450 °C for 1 h. The glass melt was quenched and was then ground to be a powder and mixed with polyvinyl alcohol solution to be a paste. The Si3N4 specimens coated with the veneer were fired in electrical tubular furnace at 1100 °C for 15 min. The appearance of these specimens shows smooth, glossy without defect and crazing. The veneer has thermal expansion coefficient as 3.05x10-6 °C-1 and the Vickers hardness as 4.0 GPa which is close to the human teeth. The specimens were tested by human gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HGF and HPDLF) and cytotoxicity by MTT assay. The results indicated that Si3N4 ceramic and borosilicate glass can be used as dental materials.
Antimicrobial Performance and Cytotoxicity of Antibiotics Impregnated Hydroxyapatite for Osteomyelitis Treatment
Authors: Phanphiriya P. , Thammarakcharoen Faungchat , Chokevivat Watchara , Suwanprateeb Jintamai
Published: June 2012

Localized antibiotic beads are often used for treating patients with osteomyelitis or infections of the bone by providing local, sustained and high concentrations of antimicrobial agents to the area of infection, without systemically exposing an individual to antibiotic levels that could result in numerous toxic side effects. In this study, antibiotic impregnated hydroxyapatite spheres were prepared aiming for a functional device of drug carrier and bone graft. Three types of antibiotics were employed including gentamicin, vancomycin and fosfomycin. Antimicrobial susceptibility of antibiotic impregnated beads were tested against two bacterial strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923) by using modified agar diffusion assay. Differences in antimicrobial efficiency were observed and related with respect to differences in molecular weight, mechanism of action and spectrum of activity for each antibiotic. Cytotoxicity by serial extraction technique of all antibiotic impregnated beads were determined by MTT assay. No cytotoxic potential at all extraction periods was observed for vancomycin impregnated on beads. Gentamicin and fosfomycin impregnated beads showed cytotoxic potential only on day 1 extraction, but no cytotoxic potential on longer periods.
Floating Alginate Beads as Carriers for Self-Emulsifying System Containing Tetrahydrocurcumin
Authors: Sriraksa S. , Sermkaew N. , Setthacheewakul S. , Wiwattanapatapee R.
Published: June 2012

Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), one of the curcumin metabolites, exhibits pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties. However, the pharmacological effect of THC is limited due to its low aqueous solubility. Floating alginate beads containing self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) of THC were developed to increase drug solubility and prolong gastric residence time. Use of different weight proportions of sodium alginate (Na-alg.), calcium chloride (CaCl2) and water soluble pore former (Polyvinylalcohol-polyethylene glycol copolymer; Kollicoat® IR) in bead formulations had different effects on the floating abilities and in vitro rate of THC release. The release profile of the optimized THC-SEDDS floating alginate beads (D3) indicated a significant increase in the dissolution rate of THC and provided a controlled release of THC over an 8 h period in a simulated gastric fluid. The release of about 80% of THC from the optimized beads as an o/w microemulsion with a particle size of less than 50 nm, compared to only 30 % by an aqueous suspension from the unformulated THC could be considerable greater absorbed. The self-emulsifying floating alginate beads may provide a useful solid dosage form for oral delivery of THC and other hydrophobic compounds.
Influence of Diluents on Physical Properties of Soybean Extracted Powder Prepared by Spray Drying Method
Authors: Sobharaksha P. , Indranupakorn R. , Luangtana-Anan Manee
Published: June 2012

soflavones, a special phenolic group found in soybean, have been found to act as antioxidant and are widely used in pharmaceutics and nutraceuticals. Due to the storage and handling problem, the extract has been prepared in dry form by spray drying technique. The condition of extract solution prior to spray drying has been reported to affect the property of dried powder. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of diluents on the physical properties of soybean extracted powder. The experiment was carried out by a Büchi B-290 Mini Spray Dryer. Four types of diluents were applied, they weremannitol, maltrodextrin, and 2 types of modified starch The comparison was then made among those with diluents and without diluent as a carrier. The physicochemical property was then characterized for flowability, moisture content, morphology, particle size and X-ray diffraction. From the results, the addition of all diluents could improve the physicochemical properties of soybean extracted powder indicating the improvement in morphology and hence the better flow property .The types of diluent also had the effect on the extracted powder. Maltodextrin and modified starch exhibited the best carrier in term of improvement of flow property. Therefore, the spray drying technique was successfully used to prepare microparticles of soybean extracted powder and by taking into consideration of the selection of suitable diluents, the good quality of soybean extracted powder could be achieved.
Nanofiber Production Using Polyvinylalcohol (PVA) and Thai Honey and its Properties
Authors: Puttamayutanon P. , Sutjarittangtham Krit , Eitssayeam S. , Chantawannakul P.
Published: June 2012

Nanofibers are currently used in modern medicine. Various materials including biodegradable, non-degradable, and natural materials have been used to produce the novel nanofibers. Electrospinning technique enables the creation of continuous fibers with dimensions on the scale of nanometers from a wide range of natural and synthetic polymers. Our research was focused on producing nanofibers from the mixture polyvinylalcohol (PVA) and Thai honey by using the elecotrospinning method. The morphology of fibers was observed by SEM. Also, the biological properties (antibacterial and antioxidant properties) were described.
Use of Response Surface Methodology for Phenolic Antioxidant Extraction from Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) Pod Pericarp
Authors: Pintathong P. , Chanphithak P. , Sereetaveekul P. , Thitipramote N. , Chaiwut P.
Published: June 2012

The pod of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) was value-added by using as raw material for phenolic antioxidant extraction using conventional shaking method. The pericarp part of lotus pod gave the significantly highest values of extractable phenolic content (EPC), flavonoid content and DPPH radical scavenging activity which were equal to 27.15±1.74 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight (dw), 0.59±0.04 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g dw and 0.65±0.02 mg trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC)/g dw, respectively. Response surface methodology (RSM) was further employed to optimize the extraction conditions of phenolic antioxidant from the pod pericarp. Three independent variables, i.e., ethanol concentration (X1), shaking speed (X2) and extraction time (X3) were investigated through two responses of EPC and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The statistical analysis indicates that the three variables and the contribution of quadratic model had significant influence on the all responses (P<0.05). The optimum extraction condition was provided as follows: ethanol concentration 77.6%, shaking speed 223.4 rpm and extraction time 5.2 h. Under the optimized condition, the predicted values of EPC and DPPH radical scavenging activity were 30.00 mg GAE/g dw and 0.74 mg TEAC/g dw, respectively. This could be hence applied in industrial phenolic antioxidant extraction of inedible pericarp of lotus pod.
Effect of Apatite Precipitation on Failure Behavior of Hydroxyapatite Coating Layer on Titanium Substrate
Authors: Nimkerdphol A. Rakngarm , Loanapakul Teerawat , Otsuka Yuichi , Mutoh Yoshiharu
Published: June 2012

High reliable hydroxyapatite (HAp) coating on commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti) substrate with and without mixed hydroxyapatite/Titanium (HAp/Ti) bond coat was successfully developed by using plasma spraying. The four-point bending with Acoustic Emission attachment (AE) for evaluating failure behavior of the two kinds coated specimens was conducted to investigate the effect of bond coat layer on failure of the coating. The effect of apatite precipitation by immersing in conventional simulated body fluid (c-SBF) on failure behavior of the coated specimens were also investigated. The AE patterns obtained during four-point bending test of the specimens with apatite precipitation after immersion in c-SBF was compared with those of the specimens without apatite precipitation. After a week immersion in c-SBF, the AE patterns obtained from four-point bending test of HAp top coating specimens with and without bond coat clearly showed faster failure of the coating compared to those without c-SBF immersion. In addition, under c-SBF, the bond coating contributed to the retarded failure of the HAp top coating compared to that without bond coat. From XRD analysis, the as-sprayed layer composed of HAp coexisted with CaO. After c-SBF immersion, CaO dissolved into c-SBF and the as-sprayed HAp top coating changed to bone-like apatite which might contribute to the faster failure of the coating.
Effect of Molecular Sizes, Sources of Chitosan and Plasticizer Types on Properties of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Films
Authors: Tantala J. , Rachtanapun C. , Rachtanapun Pornchai
Published: June 2012

Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCH) from two molecular sizes (oligomer and polymer) and three different sources (shrimp, crab and squid) of chitosan were prepared by carboxymethylation reaction. The CMCH films were cast and their mechanical properties. For molecular sizes, the polymer CMCH films showed higher %elongation (%E) than those of oligomer CMCH films but had no effect on tensile strength (TS). The crab polymer CMCH films showed the highest TS. The different sources of chitosan had no influence on %E of CMCH films. The effect of plasticizers [glycerol (Gly), sorbitol (Sor) and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG)] on mechanical properties of CMCH films was also investigated. Additions of Gly and Sor into films increased %E and reduced TS of CMCH films; however, films plasticizing with PEG showed no significant difference in mechanical properties. The crab CMCH films were selected to determine water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) at 25°C and 65%RH. The crab oligomer CMCH films showed higher WVTR than those of crab polymer CMCH films. Addition of Sor as plasticizer decreased WVTR of crab polymer and oligomer CMCH films whereas WVTR of films with Gly depended on molecular sizes of chitosan. Addition of PEG had no effect on WVTR of CMCH films.
SurgiLux: A Novel Thin Film, Laser-Activated Bioadhesive for Corneal Repair
Authors: Thomson K. , Marcal H. , Shabazi J. , Watson S. , Wakefield D. , Foster L.J.R.
Published: June 2012

Laser activated SurgiLux® technology was examined to determine its suitability as an ocular wound sealant. SurgiLux showed suitable strength and flexibility as well as moisture content for applications in the eye. In comparison to conventional microsuturing complemented with fibrin sealant, application of the SurgiLux technology was up to 5 times faster and the strength of the repaired wounds up to 7 times greater, with a 6 mm incision withstanding 235 mm Hg pressure compared to 120 mm Hg for sutures with fibrin.
Preparation and Characterization of Modified Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Ceramics
Authors: Monmaturapoj Naruporn , Thepsuwan Witoon
Published: June 2012

Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramic is commonly used in the biomedical applications particularly as a bone substitute due to its biocompatibility and directly bond to bones. However, the mechanical strength is quite poor. Therefore, well known biocompatible and strong ceramics such as SiO2, ZrO2 and TiO2 were added to improve the strength of BCP. BCP powder with HA/TCP ratios of 70/30 (HAP7030) was obtained by controlling the calcining temperature of the mixture between a pure HA and TCP. SiO2, ZrO2 and TiO2 powder with 2, 5 and 10 %wt were mixed with the HAP7030 powder by ball milling in ethanol. The mixtures were dried, pressed and sintered at 1100°C for 2 hrs. XRD and SEM were used to determine crystal structures and morphology of the sintered samples, respectively. Physical properties and flexural strength of samples were measured. Results showed that the bending strength of HAP7030 sample was rather improved by adding TiO2 than the addition of SiO2 or ZrO2. With increasing TiO2, HAP7030 strength was superior and HAP7030 with 10 %wt of TiO2 obtained the optimum bending strength around 61 MPa. However, the addition of TiO2 induced the thermal stability of HA/TCP, in which HA completely decomposed to β-TCP in this study.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle from Zinc-Dust Waste for Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Applications
Authors: Natrchalayuth K. , Wasanapiarnpong T. , Larpkiattaworn Siriporn , Sujaridworakun P.
Published: June 2012

ZnO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by using zinc dust waste derived from hot-dip galvanizing process as a starting materials via simple hydrothermal method. The zinc dust powder was dissolved in nitric acid, adjusted pH with NaOH and hydrothermally treated at 120-170°C in an oven. The resultant products were characterized for phase, surface area and morphology by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmet-Taller (BET) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Moreover, the photocatalytic activity was investigated by a photodegradation of methylene blue solution under black light irradiation. It was shown that crystallinity of pure ZnO phase, was influenced by solution and hydrothermal treatment temperature. The experimental results exhibited that the crystallinity of ZnO significantly affected its photocatalytic activity. The highest photocatlytic activity was obtained from powders with average crystallite size of 51 nm and surface area of 13.4 m2/g prepared under pH12 and hydrothermally treated at 170°C for 6 h. Moreover, the synthesized ZnO powders performed a good antibacterial activity evaluated using a colony count method with Escherichia coli under the dark condition.
Material and Dynamics Analysis of Low-Temperature Superheater Pipe Bulging Accident in Utility Boiler
Authors: Yue Zhong , Zhang Yue Shan
Published: June 2012

Pipe failure accidents (bulging, bursting) are frequent in thermal power plants, and severely influence the safe and economic running. The authors analyzed the possible causes and features of low-temperature superheater pipe bulging. Taking the low-temperature superheater pipe bulging accident in a power plant for an example, the authors conducted macroscopic topography analysis, running environment analysis, metallurgical analysis, chemical composition analysis and strength analysis of the bulged pipe. Paper’conclusion was that the cause of low-temperature superheater pipe bulging wasn’t superheating, and the cause of bulging was flame straightening of the pipe during installation. The paper's innovation is material and dynamics analysis of the accident cause.
Green Construction Concept in Assessment System for Green Building
Authors: Zhu Ming Qiang
Published: June 2012

There is little provision about construction in the assessment system for green building in China, but green construction plays an important role in green building and it is a trend that the assessment system for green building should include the green construction in China. Based on contrasts of evaluation standard for green building, combining with operation experiments of green Olympic building assessment system, difficulties in developing of green construction industry in China is proposed such as policy, time, concept and materials. Thus, popularizing measures for green construction are suggested, including extending standards for green building, establishing owner inspiriting system and building system, developing popularity effect of green construction.
Mechanical and Electrical Control of Hydraulic Impactor
Authors: Chen Jin Song
Published: June 2012

This paper will introduce traditional pure hydraulic control of the output characteristics of the hydraulic shock on the basis of how it works in combination with nitrogen pressure feedback principle. Through the study of gas-liquid joint hydraulic shock control system and the introduction of mechanical and electrical control, it is known as the mechanical and electrical control of hydraulic shock. In this paper will make an elaboration about control methods, the working principle and structure of mechanical and electrical controlled hydraulic shock, as well as mechanical and electrical integration, intelligent hydraulic shock various advantages in detail.
The Research and Realization of Image Collection and Compression Technology in Embedded System
Authors: Qi Xiao Mei
Published: June 2012

With the development of information technology, image compression and the technology how to increase the capacity of the channel receives more and more people's attention. This paper stued the image collection and compression technology based on the embedded system. The process of its concrete realization is to extract useful information from image information,then remove the redundant coded information in order to increase channel capacity and improve the information transmission rate.
The Development of Stamping Mold Frame Based on VBA in Auto CAD
Authors: Jia Wei Hua , Li Xiao Hua
Published: June 2012

As re-development tools based on AutoCAD, VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) makes punching die of development, and compared with the traditional mold manufacture method it has a series of advantages like increasing productivity, improving product quality, reducing cost, and reducing labor intensity. This paper mainly introduces in VBA’s development environment to research parameter design through punch mould so as to improve the design efficiency.
Mechanical Analysis of Water Cellar Structure
Authors: Huo Jin Dong , Zhang Qi , Peng Hong Tao , Wang Jun , Peng Xiao Feng
Published: June 2012

Water cellar is an important facility to collect rainfall at the arid and semi-arid areas in China. The numerical simulation was carried out for one type of common cellar structure with concrete cellar wall, bottom floor and brick-arch roof using ABAQUS. Elastoplastic damage constitutive model was adopted to simulate the form and location of cellar cracking under different loads. Simulation results show that the circumferential cracks occures at the out side of the cellar bottom floor and the vertical cracks occures at the top of the cellar wall without water in cellar. In addition, vertical cracks also likely occures at the top of the cellar wall when full of water in cellar. Additional circle beam at the top of the cellar wall can reduce the principal tensile stress of the cellar wall and causing stress redistribution to uniform in the cross-section of cellar wall. Numerical analysis of the different locations of the reinforced concrete wall of water cellar shows that the additional circumferential steel bars at the top of the cellar wall are effective in reducing concrete cellar wall cracks.
Research on the Flight Status of Badminton Based on the Method of Mechanics Analysis
Authors: Xie Xiao Liang , Jiang Kun
Published: June 2012

The main purpose of this research is to establish and validate the flight movement equation of a badminton, and found the relationship between the velocity of badminton and the air resistance. The research method is based on the motion laws of aerodynamics,which establish a motion equation of flight trajectory under the influence of the gravity and air resistance by applying the theory of aerodynamics. The results show that the motion equations of flight trajectory of a badminton can be determined through the structure of terminal velocity,and the measured data is quite good fitting with the prediction of badminton movement trajectory. Findings also show, the resistance is proportional to the square of the badminton's speed. In addition, the angle and intensity of the wind may affect the trajectory.
A Novel Algorithm to Calculating Spatial Impulse Responses Based on Annular Planar Transducers
Authors: Li Ya Qin , Yuan Cao
Published: June 2012

Limited diffracting waves which have great application potential for field focus depth enlargement in acoustic imaging systems. The calculation of limited diffracting waves acoustic fields is most often based on the spatial impulse response approach as suggested by field is found from a convolution between the acceleration of Tupholme and Stepanishen. This paper shows the limited diffracting waves acoustic based on annular planar transducers, it can be found from the crossings between the boundary of the aperture and a spherical wave emitted from the field point onto the plane of the emitting aperture. Summing the angles of the arcs within the aperture readily yields the spatial impulse response for a point in space. The approach not only make it easy to calculate of limited diffracting waves acoustic fields but also improve the accuracy of simulation results of acoustic fields.
On the Characteristics of Acoustic Wire with Different Materials in the Music Playback
Authors: Guo Fang
Published: June 2012

Acoustic wire plays the role of “bridge” in the signal transmission of acoustic system. The materials used for production of acoustic wire have their own features. They have different advantages to music playback. The functions and materials of acoustic wire reflect that different materials have different music playbacks. Lenitive sound mainly comes from the acoustic copper wire covered by silver outside. The wire covered by silver outside makes neutral sound, and the wire made from copper and silver also makes this kind of sound. The wire made form pure copper basically makes thick sound. Acoustic wire should match with each other properly, which can reproduce music attraction.
Reducibility of La2Mo2-XGaxO9-δ Oxide-Ion Conductors
Authors: Li Dan , Li Xiang Hu
Published: June 2012

In this paper, the ceramic samples of La2Mo2O9and La2Mo2-xGaxO9-δ(x=0.1,0.2)were prepared by conventional solid-state reaction method. The reducibility of pure La2Mo2O9 and La2Mo2-xGaxO9-δ(x=0.1,0.2) samples were studied in the reducing atmosphere of 5%H2+Ar by means of impedance spectroscopy measurement. For the La2Mo2-xGaxO9-δ(x=0.1,0.2) the difference between the conductivity in the reducing atmosphere and the one in air is small, indicating that partial substitution of Ga for Mo is effective to improve the reducibility of La2Mo2-xGaxO9-δ(x=0.1,0.2).
Research on Nano Materials Tennis Rackets
Authors: Zhu Zi Xin
Published: June 2012

Research the application of nano materials in tennis rackets. This paper reviews the material development for tennis rackets and analyzes the differences of performance and price of various materials. It then summarizes the current application of nano material in tennis rackets and its pros and cons, and finally proposes reasonable usages of nano material, providing reference for the scientific development of nano tennis rackets. We can draw the conclusion that the application of nano materials in tennis has improves the performance of tennis rackets and promotes the scientific, personalized and humanized development of tennis, but the trend is to develop safer and more desirable nano tennis rackets with appropriate nano materials.
Density Functional Theory Study of TinO2n-m Clusters (n=1-4, m=0,1)
Authors: Li Dong Mei , Xiong Zhi Hua , Wan Qi Xin
Published: June 2012

Using density functional theory, the equilibrium geometries of TinO2n and TinO2n-1 clusters (n=1-4) have been obtained. It suggests that the structures of these two corresponding clusters are changed slightly, except for the number of terminal oxygen atoms. The electronic properties have also been investigated. The bond between Ti and terminal oxygen atom is found to be more covalent than other Ti-O bonds. It also indicates that by deleting one terminal oxygen atom, HOMO is mainly derived from titanium atoms with least coordination, but not from singly-coordination oxygen atoms as that in the stoichiometric clusters. Highest energy levels of least-coordination Ti atoms shift highly and they become more reactive. In addition, HOMO-LUMO energy gaps and binding energies were observed. The calculated results show that the energy gaps decrease quickly, except for Ti4O7 clusters and all the binding energies are relatively large.
Test Procedures and Signal Misinterpretation for Electrostatic Gas-Solids Flowmeters
Authors: Coulthard J. , Cheng R. , Zhang Jian Yong , Keech R.P.
Published: June 2012

This paper discusses the current methods used to test electrostatic pulverised fuel meters in a laboratory environment and the precautions to be taken to ensure that meaningful results are obtained. In particular, the effect of particle attrition is discussed and results presented from a laboratory test facility at the University of Teesside.
Experimental Investigation of Pressure Drop in Bypass Pneumatic Conveying of Fly Ash
Authors: Chen Bin , Williams Kenneth Charles , Jones Mark Glynne , Wang Ying
Published: June 2012

Bypass pneumatic conveying systems provide a passive capability to reduce conveying velocity and therefore reduce attrition and abrasion in the process of conveying many fragile and erosive particulate solids. Because of these capabilities, bypass pneumatic conveying systems have been used in coal-fired power stations for removing fly ash for the last couple of decades. In bypass systems, the differential pressure between bypass pipe and main pipe as well as the pipeline pressure drop are two of most significant parameters as differential pressure represents the aeration mechanism within the pipeline while pressure drop is an essential parameter for bypass pneumatic conveying system design. In bypass systems, these two parameters are determined not only by the turbulent mode of the gas solids two-phase flow but also by the bypass configurations. The objective of this study was to experimentally investigate the differential pressure between bypass pipe and main pipe as well as the pressure drop during the bypass pneumatic conveying of fly ash. Pneumatic conveying tests in bypass systems and a conventional pipeline were carried out in this study. The bypass pipeline was a 79 mm diameter main pipe with a 27 mm inner diameter bypass pipe with orifice plate flute arrangement. Fly ash was discharged to the system from the bottom of a positive pressure blow tank. The receiving bin was mounted on load cells for measuring the mass accumulation. In order to monitor real time behavior of the system, pressure transmitters were used to measure the gauge pressure. Differential pressure transmitters were employed in the system for measuring the pressure difference between the bypass pipe and main pipe. Differential pressure results between bypass pipe and main pipe in the process of conveying fly ash showed that the pressure before the orifice plate in the bypass pipe was higher than that in main pipe as a result of orifice plate airflow resistance. Therefore, air came into main pipe and aerated the material continuously. The differential pressure also illustrated that the particulate may go into the bypass pipe as pressure in the bypass pipe after orifice plate is lower than that in main pipe. The pipeline pressure drop results also showed that pressure drop was higher than in the conventional system when using the same operating parameters due to the increase of friction. The influences of bypass configurations on pressure drop of bypass system were also discussed.
Design and Application of Virtual Instrument Detection System for Aerodynamic Instrument
Authors: Zhang Ping , Li Kun , Sun Xiao Shu , Gao Xian Wen
Published: June 2012

Aerodynamic instruments are widely used in various kinds of industrial equipment, which have many types and complex structure. The traditional instrument detection methods require replacing a variety of testing equipment frequently. Their testing efficiencies are low and the testing equipments are hard to be integrated together. Virtual instrument technology is a hot detection technology in recent years with high detection accuracy and integration, which has a good solution to the problems of traditional detection methods. First of all, this paper introduces an overall design scheme for the virtual detection system. Secondly, for properties of longer response time, overshoot, and difficulties in establishing precise mathematical model of the pneumatic control system, this paper uses fuzzy PID control method to control the pneumatic output pressure. Finally, the virtual detection system is realized based on LabVIEW software platform. This system is applied to the detection of fixed-wing aircraft aerodynamic instrument, and has satisfactory results.
Design of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Platform for TE Process
Authors: Huang Jing Wen
Published: June 2012

The design procedure of a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) platform is presented in this paper for the purpose of developing, studying and evaluating process control technology. Based on Tennessee Eastman (TE) process, OPC (OLE for Process Control) communication standards and iFIX configuration software, a two-way information exchange channel between TE process and iFIX is setup via OPC. Through iFIX HMI (human machine interface), the operator can monitor the state of TE process and the operational commands can be transmitted to TE process easily. Other functions such as history view can be developed according to users demand. With the SCADA platform, researchers could enjoy more flexible data and information in research and training programs in contrast to conventional way.
Influence of Operating Parameters on Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue in UV/ Tb3+ and Sm3+ Co-Doped TiO2 Process
Authors: Lu Xu Dong , Jiang Cheng Zhi
Published: June 2012

0.1%Tb3+ and 0.2%Sm3+ co-doped TiO2 have been prepared by sol-gel method and characterized by the techniques such as XRD and SEM/EDAX. The photocatalytic degradation of Methylene blue in aqueous solution was used as a probe reaction to evaluate their photocatalytic activity. The effects of process parameters like, pH and initial methylene blue concentration on the extent of photodegradation have been investigated. The results show when the solution is at pH 7, with initial methylene blue concentration of 4 mg/L, the photodegradation is best. Key words:
Growth of Ceramic Coatings on LY12 Aluminum Alloys by Micro-Arc Oxidation and Microstructure Properties of Ceramic Coatings
Authors: Gao Jing Long , Shao Zhong Cai , Li Tong Zhen
Published: June 2012

LY12 aluminum alloy samples were treated by microarc oxidation in sodium metasilicate electrolytes. The effects of treatment time on cell violate and ceramic coating thickness were investigated. The results indicate that the micro-arc oxidization process was divided into two stages, at the first stage, the cell voltage increased linearly at a very high rate of 70 V/min, at the second stage, in the range of 430-470 V, the cell voltage reached a relative stable value. The thickness of the coating increased linearly at the whole stage with increasing treating time. XRD analyses indicate that the ceramic coatings fabricated on the surface of aluminum alloys by micro-arc oxidization are composed of Al phase Al2O3 phase. SEM show that the maximum porosity of the ceramic coatings with distributing uniformly pore diameter are decreased with the increasing treatment time.
Process Tomographic Measurements of Granular Flow in a Pneumatic Conveying System
Authors: Yao Jun , Chuan Lim Eldin Wee , Wang Chi Hwa , Li Ning
Published: June 2012

The application of process tomography (PT) technologies, i.e. Electrostatic Tomography (EST) and Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) to investigate complex industrial processes has obtained wide popularity in recent years. This study focuses on the characterization of non-uniformly distributed electrostatic effects across the cross-section of a pneumatic transportpipe. A digital electrometer was used to measure the electrostatics current and an ECT was used to observe the particle distribution in a vertical pipe. Due to non-uniform particle-wall collisions, the electrostatics generated was observed to be non-uniformly distributed across the pipe cross-section, especially at pipe bends and in a vertical pipe. Large electrostatic effects were associated with high particle concentration in the pipe. There was a good correspondence between the electrostatic effects measured and particle concentration distributions obtained using ECT. Based on ECT measurements at the vertical pipe section, it was observed that particles tended to concentrate at sections where generation of electrostatic charges was high. Thus, it is clear that electrostatic effects should be the key factor giving rise to non-uniform particle concentration distribution in pneumatic transport lines.
Research on Human ADL Data Real-Time Transmission Optimization Method Based on Bayesian Network
Authors: Sun Ying
Published: June 2012

A new design method of human-body ADL(activity of daily living) real-time monitoring based on Internet of things is proposed, which is able to detect body posture of elderly persons and biological signal at rehabilitation centers or nursing homes. With this way patients body state information can be transmitted to doctors or their family through mobile phone or PC. Human body wear sensor nodes which consist of wearable sensors and data transmission module to detect posture or bodys activity and transmit data to base station which is distributed in elder persons daily living environments. It's possible that increased number of nodes in each base station may cause network congestion. Real-time performance in this data transmission system is important to protect elder people when abnormal activities occur. A new data processing algorithm, which can reduce the transmission cycle time effectively and improve the real-time and robustness performance, based on Bayesian network is presented here. Finally, experimental results indicate that Bayesian network parameters training method is effective and real-time performance is improved.
An Image Quality Assessment Algorithm for Palm-Dorsa Vein Based on Multi-Feature Fusion
Authors: Cui Jian Jiang , Li Qi , Jia Xu
Published: June 2012

In order to acquire more feature information in captured vein image with high-quality, an image quality assessment algorithm for palm-dorsa vein is presented based on multi-feature fusion. According to the statistical and structure properties of image, we can acquire the good vein image by adjusting near-infrared LED light exposure duty cycle combined with computing the four characteristic parameters of gray variance, information entropy, cross point and area of effect and then fusing those according to weights. In the end, an experimental case is given and the assessment results prove that this algorithm is efficient.
Carbon Nano Tube Supported H3PW12O40 for Effective Adsorption of NOx
Authors: Cheng Lin , Wang Rui , Zhang Xue Yang , Song Shu Mei , Jiang Ying , Korchak Vladimir
Published: June 2012

Carbon nano tubes (CNTs) has found applications in many fields due to its enormous versatility, however, very few report has been given on its promotive effect as support on the adsorption of NOx with solid tungstophosphoric acid (H3PW12O40), and no results on the use of surface modified CNTs in this process can be found in literatures. In this study, we have conducted systematic works on this issue and found some relations between pre-treatment method of CNTs and NOx adsorption efficiency of H3PW12O40/CNTs, and the relations between differernt impregnating solvent used in loading process and NOx adsorption efficiency of H3PW12O40/CNTs, which may be very helpful to the development of new effective adsorbent/catalyst for the adsorption-conversion of NOx. The main conclusions derived are as follows: absolute ethyl alcohol was the superior solvent to water for HPW loading on CNTs; the resultant –OH containing CNTs shows better promotive effect on the adsorption of NOx than that containing –COOH when using absolute ethyl alcohol as solvent; in both cases, with the increase of H3PW12O40 loading, the NOx adsorption efficiency tends to reach a peak value close to that in the case of pure H3PW12O40, before dropping down; compared to pre-treated activated carbon fiber, modified CNTs, especially CNTs–OH, is favorable to be used as support of H3PW12O40 for effective adsorption and even further conversion of NOx.