bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Instantaneous Carboxyhemoglobin Level Change Due to Smoking and Analysis of Baseline SpCO in Smokers
Authors: Kocaoğlu Salih , Alatlı Tufan
Published: January 2025

Background
The aim of this study was to investigate baseline carboxyhemoglobin saturation (SpCO) values in smokers and to show the relationship between SpCO and age, years smoking, cigarettes per day, and nicotine dependence. We also analyzed the changes in carboxyhemoglobin in the body during active smoking.
Methods
This prospective cohort study involved 136 outdoor smokers and 60 controls who had never smoked. SpCO, heart rate (HR), and oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2) values were recorded with a CO-oximeter device before, during, and two minutes after smoking. Changes during active smoking were analyzed, and all parameters were compared between smoking and non-smoking groups. Age, BMI, years smoking, cigarettes per day, and Fagerström nicotine dependence (FTND) level were correlated with baseline SpCO.
Results
The mean age of smokers was 32.3 years (70.6% male; 22.79% with comorbidities), while the mean age of non-smokers was 36.7 years (38.3% male). The SpCO and HR were significantly higher during (p = 0.006, p < 0.001) and after (p = 0.015, p < 0.001) smoking than the pre-cigarette levels. There was a significant difference between smokers (3.07) and non-smokers (1.77) in terms of baseline SpCO (p < 0.001). Correlation analysis showed that age, years smoking, and nicotine dependence were positively correlated with baseline SpCO. In the ROC analysis, the AUC value for SpCO was 0.705 and the optimal cut-off value was 1.50. In addition, 83% of smokers had a baseline SpCO value below 5%.
Conclusion
In this study, the baseline SpCO values of smokers were found to be approximately 200% higher than those of non-smokers. In addition, SpCO and HR increased during active smoking. However, 83% of smokers had a baseline SpCO below 5%, suggesting that the intoxication level of 9% in smokers should be reconsidered.
WITHDRAWN: Geotechnical Excavation Based on a Diamondshaped Tunnel Utilizing Finite Element Strategy, Analysis, and Research Directives
Authors: Majumdar Sandip , Dutta Shantanu
Published: January 2025

This study investigates geotechnical excavation in soil mechanics, focusing on three-dimensional plane strain simulations of a diamond-shaped tunnel to analyze surface settlement and the plastic zone's width, crucial for determining reinforcements. Using finite element analysis in commercial software (COMSOL Multiphysics), a two-stage process is implemented. The first stage assesses the in-situ stress state of soil before excavation, assuming no structures or buildings, to establish a baseline for natural stress distribution. The second stage examines the elastoplastic behavior of the soil post-excavation, incorporating the influence of nearby structures and stress redistribution from the initial stage. Excavation is simulated using the activation feature within a linear elastic material model, where the soil is initially assumed elastic to simplify calculations. In the second step, the Drucker–Prager soil plasticity model is applied to represent the soil's realistic behavior under load. The investigation reveals, horizontal displacement minimizing at 78 m from the tunnel axis, then sharply rising to 240 m. The vertical displacement and surface settlement were observed to be minimum at X = 0 m with 40 displacement, first increasing, and then decreasing.
Cow Milk Production, Milk Consumption, and Production Constraints in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shiferaw Fana
Published: January 2025

Background: Child malnutrition is a major public health issue in Ethiopia, contributing significantly to child morbidity and mortality. Understanding the factors influencing child milk consumption and dairy cattle productivity is critical for addressing malnutrition.
Objective: This systematic review aims to identify the factors affecting dairy cattle productivity and child milk consumption in Ethiopia and to evaluate the constraints limiting milk production and its impact on child nutrition.
Methods: In accordance withPRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases. Studies examining child milk consumption, dairy cattle productivity, and their relationship with child nutrition outcomes were included. Data were extracted and synthesized to highlight key determinants, constraints, and strategies for improvement.
Results: Evidence indicates a positive correlation between dairy production and child nutritional outcomes. For example, increased milk consumption improves height-for-age Z scores by 0.52 SD and reduces stunting by 11.3%. The keydeterminants of child milk consumption include household income, family size, the education level of the food budget manager, and milk product prices. However, low dairy productivity in Ethiopia is attributed to feed scarcity, land limitations, high feed costs, inadequate veterinary services, genetic limitations, and inefficient artificial insemination practices.
Conclusion: Addressing the constraints on dairy cattle productivity is crucial for improving milk availability and enhancing child nutrition. This review provides insights for policymakers and stakeholders in the design of interventions that promote child milk consumption and mitigate malnutrition in Ethiopia.
AI-Driven Augmented Reality for Intelligent and Adaptive Navigation in Complex Environments
Authors: Nong Yu
Published: January 2025

This research paper presents an advanced Augmented Reality (AR) system for intelligent and adaptive navigation, leveraging cutting-edge artificial intelligence techniques. Our novel approach integrates deep learning, computer vision, natural language processing, and reinforcement learning to create a highly responsive and context-aware navigation experience in both indoor and outdoor settings. By placing AI at the forefront of our system, we address longstanding challenges in AR navigation and pave the way for more intuitive, efficient, and personalized wayfinding solutions.
Apoptosis Induction and S-Phase Cell Cycle Blockade in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Line (A549) by Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb.) Jaques
Authors: Adhami Shehla , Farooqi Humaira , Malik Asrar Ahmad
Published: January 2025

Methods
The ethanolic roots (CCRE) and leaves (CCLE) extracts were interrogated for their apoptotic potential against human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549) using DNA fragmentation, Annexin V-FITC/PI staining apoptosis assay and cell cycle analysis using flow cytometry.
Results
Our results revealed significant DNA damage and apoptosis induced cell death in A549 cell line on treatment with active concentrations (40 µg/ml and 80 µg/ml) of the ethanolic extracts with S phase cell cycle arrest.
Conclusions
This is the first study demonstrating the apoptosis inducing potential of chemically characterized bioactive compounds present in ethanolic leaves and roots extracts from Chlorophytum comosum against non-small cell human lung adenocarcinoma cell line. The study concludes that Chlorophytum comosum can be a potential candidate for the natural bioactive compounds that can be isolated, characterized and clinically evaluated for the development of novel naturally derived anti-cancer drugs against lung cancer.
Photonic embedding learning with high energy efficiency exceeding 100 GOPS/W/mm2
Authors: Chen Hongwei , Huang Yuyao , Liu Wencan , Sun Run , Chan Peng Meng , He Yutong , Chen Tianle , Yang Sigang , Fu Tingzhao
Published: January 2025

Photonic neuromorphic computing offers substantial enhancements in machine vision processing by providing ultrahigh operation bandwidth and reduced energy consumption, thereby outperforming conventional electronic systems based on Von Neumann architectures. However, scalability challenges persist in implementing chip-scale photonic computing --- particularly when accommodating high-dimensional tensor inputs --- due to inherent physical constraints and the complexity of control engineering. In this paper, we introduce a compact photonic embedding unit (PEU) that integrates with on-chip diffractive multi-kernel optical convolution to enable parallel, high-complexity vision perception. By leveraging amplitude-phase co-modulatio{}n within the PEU, high-dimensional tensors can be simultaneously loaded and processed with energy efficiency exceeding 100 giga-operations per watt per square milimeter (GOPS/W/mm2). We experimentally validate the feasibility of PEU by demonstrating diverse machine vision applications including Megapixel color image compression with a maximum 4.5:1 compression ratio, image classification over CIFAR-4 dataset with a 70.3% accuracy, and video-based multi-frame fusion for human action recognition with a 97.5% accuracy and a 66.7% reduction in computation load. Our work provides a pathway for future large-scale and high-dimensional vision embedding with photonic integrated circuits, enabling the practical application of chip-scale photonic computing in increasingly sophisticated scenarios --- such as autonomous driving, astronautics, and telecommunications --- at picosecond latency and femtojoule-level energy consumption per operation.
Exploring the Impact of Shakti Prana on Mental Toughness, Mental Clarity, and Real-Life Fighting Skills
Authors: Jubair Hassan , Oishy Sadia Sharmin
Published: January 2025

This study explores the transformative impact of the Shakti Prana training program, a unique system that combines mindfulness practices with physical self-defense training. This study examines the program's capacity to improve mental toughness, self-defense confidence, stress tolerance, and general psychological hardiness. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study investigates the experiences of participants over a range of training durations, finding patterns and effects to explore. Results show that Shakti Prana not only provides the participants with the ability for active personal defense but also leads to substantial enhancements in mental lucidity, emotional stability, and ability to manage a confrontational situation. One of the more striking features is the 9-month training point, which saw participants show the best scores for both mental stimulation and general well-being. The findings highlight the important psychological role of resilience in improving the level of physical preparedness and self-defense sense. Through the fusion of meditation, respiratory exercise, and physical activity, Shakti Prana provides a complete process that gets people ready for everyday life problems and personal development. This research provides valuable insights into the interplay between mental and physical training, setting the stage for further exploration of Shakti Prana's long-term impacts and its potential as a benchmark for comprehensive personal development programs.
Improving Seismic Resilience of Steel Bridges using Fiber Reinforced Polymers' Laminates
Authors: El-Kherbawy Mohamed Emam , gamal Amr El , Elshazli Mohamed T. , Khalifa Yasser A.
Published: January 2025

This paper investigates the seismic strengthening of aging composite steel bridges, particularly those in recently classified hazardous seismic regions in Egypt. Fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) are proposed for reinforcing bridge steel girders due to their favourable strength-to-weight ratio, especially in the absence of specific guidelines in the Egyptian Code of Practice (ECP) for seismic retrofitting using FRP laminates. The preferred FRP types considered are GFRP, CFRP, and KFRP. Three strengthening scenarios were evaluated using finite element modelling (FEM): strengthening only the lower flanges of the main girders, strengthening only the webs, and strengthening both the lower flanges and webs. Seismic analysis was conducted using the time history analysis method with the El Centro earthquake time history applied. The study identified that twisting of the main girders is the predominant seismic behaviour, resulting in concentrated shear stresses near the supports, estimated to occur approximately (L/20) from each support. Strengthening the outer faces of the main girders’ lower flanges using GFRP laminates emerged as the optimal scenario due to their superior shear strength-to-cost ratio. Failure criteria analysis of GFRP laminates revealed Tsai-Hill criterion as critical, with a margin of safety (MOS) of 3.48, and matrix tension failure as the dominant failure mode for the flange laminates. FRP laminates offer a significant solution for enhancing the seismic resilience of aging steel bridges, owing to their lightweight nature, high strength-to-weight ratio, and ease of application.
Prevalence, Barriers, and Socio-Economic Determinants of Cervical Cancer Screening Among Women in Rwanda: A Nationwide Study
Authors: Uwinkindi Francois , Tlhaloganyang Bakang Percy , Gordillo-Tobar Amparo Elena , Gishoma Darius , Navarro Sergio Munoz , Medici Andre , Bagahirwa Irene , Maniragaba Theoneste , Hategekimana Jean De Dieu , Hagenimana Marc , Businge Lydia , Sabushimike Daniel , Remera Eric , Muvunyi Claude Mambo
Published: January 2025

Background: Despite national efforts, cervical cancer screening participation remains critically low in Rwanda. This study assesses the prevalence, barriers, and socio-economic determinants of cervical cancer screening among Rwandan women.
Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized data from the 2022 Rwanda Non-Communicable Diseases Risk Factors STEPS Survey. Data from a sample of 2,719 women aged 30-69 years were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Poisson regression to identify predictors of not undergoing cervical cancer screening.
Results: Among women aged 30-69 years, 89.8% reported never undergoing cervical cancer screening. The most common barrier was lack of knowledge, with 52.2%, citing not knowing how or where to get tested, and lack of time reported by 12.6%. Regression results indicates that women aged 60-69 years were 5% more likely to have never screened compared to those aged 30-44 years (PR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01-1.09). Higher education levels were associated with increased screening uptake; women with primary school education (PR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.94-0.99) and above primary level education (PR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.82-0.98) were less likely to have never screened. Women in the Western province (PR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.03-1.19) and rural areas (PR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.03-1.16) were more likely to have never screened. Women in Income category E (no income) were less likely to have never screened compared to those in Category A or B [>49USD] (PR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.84-0.99).
Conclusion: The high prevalence of non-screening for cervical cancer underscores the need for enhanced health education and improved access to screening services in Rwanda, particularly for older women, those with lower education levels, higher incomes, and residents of rural areas and the Western province.
Effect of Eco-friendly Management of Golf Clubs on Golfers’ Behavioral Intention to Return: Green Image, Perceived Quality as Meditator and Green Marketing as Moderator
Authors: Jeong Kwon-Hyuk , Song Jeongmyeong
Published: January 2025

Background This study aimed to analyze the impact of eco-friendly management practices at golf clubs on golfers’ intentions to return to the respective golf clubs (hereafter referred to as ‘behavioral intention’ for conciseness) through mediating variables of green image and perceived quality. It also examines the moderating effect of green marketing on this relationship. Ultimately, the study aimed to propose effective green marketing strategies that encourage environmentally friendly consumer behaviors among golfers. Further, it sought to provide an academic foundation for the sustainable development of the golf industry and offer practical, eco-friendly management solutions for golf club operators.
Methods Data were collected from 252 South Korean golfers through multiple field surveys and analyzed using frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis with Hayes’ PROCESS macro.
Results The findings show that, first, a green image fully mediates the relationship between eco-friendly management and behavioral intention. Second, perceived quality also fully mediates this relationship. Third, green marketing has a moderating effect on this relationship.
Conclusions This study shows that golf clubs should not stop at simply implementing eco-friendly management practices but rather provide experience factors that satisfy customers’ experiences by promoting such practices effectively. Furthermore, it is important to strengthen the trust of the customers and enhance the clubs’ eco-friendly image and customers’ brand loyalty through green marketing.
Design Optimization of Data Pipelines in Gig Economy Platforms: Improving Data Processing Efficiency
Authors: Chen Junjie
Published: January 2025

Gig economy platforms depend significantly on effective data processing to manage the requirements of changing environments. Nonetheless, conventional data pipelines often face obstructions and delays, which restrict overall operational efficiency. In this research, we present a novel approach aimed at enhancing data pipelines tailored for gig economy platforms. Our system integrates sophisticated design concepts with responsive algorithms to improve data flow and minimize latency. By analyzing current challenges, we intentionally distribute resources based on real-time data needs. We evaluate the effects of our optimizations through precise performance metrics that gauge data throughput and processing speed. Experimental findings show that our method greatly improves the efficiency of data operations, establishing a basis for expanding gig economy platforms while upholding service quality. This study provides important perspectives on the complex dynamics of data management within fast-evolving business environments, promoting additional investigation into effective and scalable strategies in the gig economy.
Understanding stakeholder perspectives on the implementation and management of riparian buffer zones in the Santa Lucia River Basin, Uruguay
Authors: Paarlberg Alfred , Sena Guillermo , Loc Ho Huu , Schultner Jannik
Published: January 2025

Riparian buffer zones are essential nature-based solutions for protecting freshwater ecosystems globally, yet their implementation faces challenges in balancing ecological, agricultural, and social needs. In the Santa Lucía River Basin (SLRB) in Uruguay, these buffers are critical for improving water quality but face issues like low compliance and limited awareness of the policy in place. We explored stakeholder perspectives on riparian buffer implementation through 24 semi-structured interviews with government institutions, researchers, producer unions, producers, NGOs, and locals. The aim was to identify perceptions of current and desired ecosystem services, buffer characteristics, and barriers and opportunities to successful implementation. The results show that stakeholders acknowledge key ecosystem services such as pollution retention and erosion reduction, but they desire additional services like enhanced agricultural productivity and recreational opportunities. Stakeholders identified native vegetation and the spatial dimensions of buffer zones as important physical characteristics of buffer zones. Preferred management practices included no-tillage and extensive agricultural management practices, while policy should aim to adapt buffer zones to the specific conditions of the area they are located in instead of a “one-size-fits-all” policy design. Barriers such as producer cooperation, communication gaps, and economic costs hinder progress. To address these barriers, potential solutions include improving stakeholder collaboration, emphasizing the multifunctional benefits of riparian buffers, strengthening compliance monitoring, exploring opportunities to provide technical support to farmers, and adopting integrated environmental management approaches. By addressing these interconnected challenges, riparian buffers can become resilient, multifunctional solutions that enhance ecosystem services, benefiting both biodiversity and human well-being in the SLRB.
Natural Plant Fiber Selection Using Multi-Criteria Decision Making Techniques
Authors: Anurag Jasti , Biswas Sandhyarani
Published: January 2025

Natural plant fibers are primarily composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, pectin, and wax, with minor amounts of other constituents. These constituents have an impact on the fiber’s physical, mechanical, thermal, and other characteristics. The researchers’ es-timations or limited evaluation perspectives still govern the selection of natural fibers for composite fabrication. By applying Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods to the properties of natural fibers, one can make a statistically sound decision about which fiber to use. However, this can be a disadvantage in terms of the complexity of testing for determining fiber properties when introducing a new fiber. Whereas, the determination of chemical constituents is an easy and straightforward procedure. This paper describes a novel technique designed in MATLAB for natural plant fiber selection based on the chem-ical constituents of the fibers as well as the correlation between the properties of the fibers and their chemical constituents. The correlation matrix was used to convert the weights given to properties into the weights of chemical constituents by weighted scoring model. The best suitable method among the MCDM’s was also determined. The high degree of agreement between the traditional method and the proposed method indicates that the pro-posed technique can be used as a tool for the selection of natural plant fiber.
Perceptions of Medical Teaching Staff Toward the Twelve Roles of Teachers at Almogtarebeen University: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Adam YousifAbdallah , Elhuda Daffalla Alam , Elnimeiri Mustafa , Alkhatim Waleed Azhary Sir , Attaalmanan Esraa M
Published: January 2025

Background
Faculty perceptions of their roles significantly influence educational outcomes. Harden’s model of the twelve roles for medical teachers offers a comprehensive framework to balance traditional and student-centered approaches. This study examines how faculty members at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Almogtarebeen, perceive and adhere to these roles.
Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, targeting 50 faculty members. Data were collected using structured, pre-tested questionnaires. Quantitative data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, and qualitative insights were gathered through open-ended responses.
Results
Faculty members primarily identified as information providers, emphasizing teacher-centered learning in lectures and clinical settings. Less preference was shown for roles such as facilitator and resource developer. Statistical analysis identified correlations between years of experience and role perception. Barriers included limited institutional support and lack of training in student-centered approaches. Figures and tables illustrate the statistical findings.
Conclusions
Transitioning from teacher-centered to student-centered roles requires targeted faculty development programs and structural curriculum reforms.
Bias-Corrected and Variance-Corrected MLE for the New Median Based Unit Weibull Distribution (MBUW)
Authors: Attia Iman Mohammed
Published: January 2025

As the maximum likelihood method is the most commonly used method for parameter estimation being unbiased, consistent, efficient, and asymptotically normal, MLE is used to fit the new distribution (MBUW). But in small to moderate sample sizes, this MLE estimator is biased unlike the MLE estimators obtained from large sample sizes. In this paper, the Bias-corrected approach for this distribution is discussed and applied to real data analysis. The MLE estimators of MBUW obtained from some optimization techniques like the derivative free Nelder Mead algorithm suffer from a significant high correlation reflected in high covariance between the parameters. Also, this association between the parameters affects the variances which may be inflated enough to approach infinity hampering the construction of confidence intervals for each parameter. This problem may arise with any optimization technique which necessitates remedies trying to fix it. The author also elaborates a variance correction approach heavily relying on re-parameterizing the negative log-likelihood.
Diverse Leadership and Firm Success: The Role of Top Management Socialisation
Authors: Pham Thuy-Dzung T. , Vo Thi Huong Giang , Nguyen Son-Tung , Luong Duy Binh
Published: January 2025

Although executive teams play a significant role in organisational performance, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive exploration of the distinct effects of the characteristics of different team members on firm outcomes. Drawing upon multiple theories applied in top management team (TMT) research, the objective of this article is to determine the effects of factors such as age, gender, and cultural background on firm performance. Moreover, our research reinforces the connection between diversity and corporate outcomes by incorporating TMT socialisation as a moderator shaping the interplay between team traits and performance. We use the quantitative method, compiling a dataset of 661 publicly listed IT-related corporations in the U.S. that were operational in 2016. Following an initial assessment of the dataset, we excluded 153 companies with fewer than three members on the board of directors or a cultural diversity score of zero and a further 66 that reported a return on assets below our lower limit. A regression analysis was then conducted on the remaining 442 companies via performance data from the OSIRIS global database. Initially, TMT gender division emerges as the primary factor that positively impacts firm performance, closely followed by age and cultural diversity. This study extends the literature on the relationship between top management and organisational outcomes. We further find that socialisation plays a crucial moderating role in the associations between TMT gender diversity, age diversity, and firm performance. The study offers actionable guidance for managers and policymakers in identifying key priorities related to executive characteristics by addressing varying perspectives stemming from diverse age groups, genders, and nationalities within a team. While most studies concentrate on identifying key drivers and their impacts, our current research reinforces the connection between diversity and firm performance by incorporating team socialisation, and we find that the benefits of diversity could be maximised through effective collaboration among managers, with minimal conflict, thereby suggesting how organisations can better shape the roles of board members’ characteristics.
Time to act: Institutional mental health support for Ukrainian academic staff during wartime
Authors: Tsybuliak Natalia , Vakhitov Volodymyr , Mytsyk Hanna , Lopatina Hanna , Nesterenko Maryna , Polulyakhov Artem , Petrushenko Yuriy
Published: January 2025

The study examines the impact of institutional mental health support on the career stability of academic staff at Ukrainian universities during the full-scale war, focusing on accessibility, cultural alignment, and tailored mental health initiatives provided by universities. The relevance of this topic arises from the unprecedented stressors affecting academic members in higher education institutions, who face both personal and professional challenges. A cross-sectional analytical design was employed, using an online survey distributed among 429 academic staff members. The findings reveal that nearly half of the respondents frequently contemplate changing careers, highlighting substantial job instability. Accessible mental health support is associated with a 6% decrease in career change intentions, while a supportive institutional culture further reduces these intentions by 8-9%. Notably, self-help practices emerged as the most effective support mechanism, associated with a 12% reduction in career change intentions. These findings suggest that institutions can improve retention by prioritizing and promoting accessible self-help initiatives. The study underscores the importance of structured mental health support in fostering resilience within the academic community, with implications for policy and practice in war-affected educational environments.
AcknowledgmentThe research teams acknowledge the Armed Forces of Ukraine for providing safety during their research and credit their perseverance and courage for making this possible. Natalia Tsybuliak is grateful to the Ukraine Research Network@ZOiS, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, for support in implementing the research.This work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine as part of the state-funded research project 0123U105351, “Ukrainian universities in new realities: the impact of war and mechanisms for preserving the scientific and human resource potential for training specialists in high-tech fields.”
A házasságban élők sokfélesége az új évezredben
Authors: Murinkó Lívia
Published: January 2025

A párkapcsolatok évtizedek óta tartó átalakulásának egyik fontos eleme a házasságkötési gyakorlat és maga a házasság intézményének változása. A kapcsolati formák vizsgálata és a változások értelmezése hosszú hagyományokra tekint vissza; a kapcsolódó munkák részletesen dokumentálták az élettársi együttélés terjedését, a házasság háttérbe szorulását és a párkapcsolati viselkedés egyéb dimenzióit. Azonban kevés elemzés vállalkozott arra, hogy megvizsgálja a házasságban élők sokszínűségét, és hogy az ezredforduló utáni társadalmi és demográfiai változások fényében újraértelmezze e kapcsolati típus társadalmi mintázatait.
Az elemzés célja a házasságban élő 22–49 éves népesség vizsgálata az Életünk fordulópontjai nagymintás társadalmi-demográfiai adatfelvétel (a magyar Generations and Gender Survey) első (2001) és ötödik (2016/17) hullámainak adatai alapján. A látens osztályelemzés segítségével kialakított kapcsolati típusokat leíró elemzés és multinomiális logisztikus regressziók segítségével jellemezzük.
A házasok nagy része egy hagyományosnak mondható családi életutat járt be, melyben előzetes együttélés nélkül kötötték az első házasságukat és a gyermekeik az esküvő után születtek. Az élettársi kapcsolatok terjedésével a hagyományos házasságok aránya jelentősen csökkent. Fontos változás volt egy új típusú házas csoport megjelenése, akik hosszabb együttélés és gyakran a közös gyermekeik születése után kötöttek házasságot és gyakran nagyvárosban éltek. Rájuk kezdetben a többi házas csoporthoz képest hátrányosabb társadalmi helyzet és rosszabb kapcsolati minőség volt jellemző, amely a 2010-es évekre mérséklődött, de értékrendjükben továbbra is eltértek a hagyományos házasságban élőktől. Miközben kialakult egy újfajta standard családi életút a házasok körében, a turbulens családi életutat bejárt, több egymást követő kapcsolatban élő vagy nem közös gyermeket nevelő házasok aránya lényegében nem változott. A párkapcsolatok általános differenciálódása nem járt együtt a házassági típusok számának növekedésével.
Organizational and legal framework for personal data protection in consumer p2p-lending
Authors:   MGIMO University, Uvarova Anastasia V.
Published: January 2025

The article gives an analyses of the nature and content of Russian laws and regulations in the sphere of personal data protection, the problems of personal data protection in the sphere of mutual lending, as well as suggesting possible measures to prevent the risks. The subject of the research is mutual p2p-lending. The purpose of the research is to develop measures to prevent illegal collection, storage, use and dissemination of personal data. The article analyzes the provisions of the Federal Law dated August 2, 2019, no. 259-FZ “On attracting investments using investment platforms and on amending certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation”, which regulates the relationship between the borrower — a legal entity or an individual entrepreneur — and the lender, and the relationships concerning consumer mutual lending, where the borrower is an individual, are not subject to the regulation of this Law. Consumer p2p-lending is considered a type of crowdlending, where borrowers and investors are individuals. The essence of consumer p2p-lending is revealed, the definition and description of the consumer p2p-lending business model, which has been developed by foreign practice, is described. The definition of personal data is considered, taking into account the peculiarities of consumer mutual lending. The article highlights the risks in the sphere of personal data protection that arise when entering into a consumer mutual lending relationship. The analysis allows to consider the existing risks more thoroughly and propose measures to minimize them. To minimize the risks that may arise during the protection of personal data in the sphere of consumer mutual lending, the main requirements for legislative acts have been taken into account and summarized, and also some additional measures have been proposed.
Payment of insurance premiums by Russian organizations to employees of their foreign branches
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Nogina Oksana A. , Filippova Marina V. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Hohlov Evgeny B. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: January 2025

The article analyzes the problems of Russian and international legal regulation of the procedure for payment of insurance premiums by Russian organizations in relation to payments to employees of their foreign branches. Taking into account the interpretation of the legal norms given by the competent state bodies, a sequence of application of the legal provisions of Russian legislation of various industry affiliation, as well as the provisions of international treaties, is being developed in order to resolve the problems of payment of insurance premiums by Russian organizations at the location of their foreign branches. The options for resolving the issue of the status of the insured and the payer of insurance premiums for a Russian organization are offered, depending on one or another option for registration of labor relations with Russian citizens working in foreign branches. Special attention is paid to the study of the status of the payer of insurance premiums for a Russian organization based on the norms of Russian tax legislation, as well as the analysis of the position of its foreign branches as independent payers of insurance premiums under foreign legislation. The problems of realization of the rights of insured persons — citizens of Russia working in foreign branches of Russian organizations, in a foreign compulsory social insurance system are considered. It is concluded that the terms of insurance, both in terms of the procedure for paying insurance premiums and in terms of insurance coverage, are established by foreign legislation. The legal position is substantiated, according to which a Russian organization is obliged to pay contributions for employees of its foreign branches according to the rules of foreign legislation to foreign insurance funds, from which insurance coverage will be provided to Russian employees of a foreign branch.
The fourth generation of human rights in a smart society and its change in fundamental rights
Authors:   Heilongjiang University, Gong Nan
Published: January 2025

With the in-depth development of the digital economy and smart society, the form of human rights is undergoing a profound digital restructuring, thereby disrupting the existing development model of the third generation of human rights and opening up the fourth generation of human rights, represented by “digital human rights”. The concept of digital human rights can be defined as the legal right of a person to endlessly expand his personality through digital means, the central feature of which is transboundary, that is, each person lives in a transdimensional, transnational and transpersonal cyberspace. Digital human rights stem from the information revolution, which acts as the driving force for their development. There was a fundamental turn in their intensional logic. Qualitative modernization has been achieved in the essence of values. Within the relationship there is a social expansion of interrelated obligations. To do this, it is necessary to develop a completely new vision of digital human rights, define the connotation of the concept of digital human rights, summarize the characteristics of digital restructuring of forms of human rights and study the need for their institutionalization, thereby ensuring effective legal protection of digital human rights. The most important thing in building a mechanism protection of digital human rights is whether digital human rights can enter the scope of constitutional protection. As for the Chinese Constitution, the type and content of fundamental rights enshrined in it are generally based on the results of the second industrial revolution. Digital human rights will change the structure and content of most fundamental rights in the future, including changing fundamental rights such as personality rights, property rights, communication rights and labor rights, etc., provided for by the People’s Republic of China Constitution, and promote the establishment of China’s legal protection system digital human rights based on the constitution.
A study on Escherichia coli contamination in drinking water sources to combat waterborne diseases effectively in Bist Doab, Punjab, India
Authors: Gautam Babita , Dar Sajad Nabi , Sachan Rohan Samir Kumar
Published: January 2025

The World Health Organization (WHO) advocates universal access to safe drinking water (DW) by 2030 in order to mitigate waterborne diseases (WBDs). Mitigating WBDs necessitates access to clean water devoid of pathogens such as Escherichia coli. Despite advancements, urban areas such as Jalandhar continue to grapple with recurrent outbreaks of diarrhoea, cholera, hepatitis A, and hepatitis E. Zero E. coli presence in water samples is considered safe DW. This study aims to find out whether DW supplied and available in Bist Doab region is free from faecal contamination and safe to drink per the WHO Standards. A total of 32 samples were collected from six distinct villages, alongside 23 samples from three urban wards of Jalandhar and tested using spreading techniques, involving bacterial screening and quantification of colony-forming units to ascertain E. coli contamination levels. The results reveal that 56.5% of urban DW samples exhibited potential health risks attributable to contamination, while rural counterparts demonstrated significantly lower E. coli levels. An area-specific approach and a three-tier policy are proposed through this research work to combat WBDs effectively and efficiently in our developing nation.
Removal of phenolic compounds from olive mill wastewater (OMW) by tailoring the surface of activated carbon under acidic and basic conditions
Authors: Al Bawab Abeer F. , Abu-Dalo M. A. , Kanaan H. , Al-Rawashdeh N. , Odeh F.
Published: January 2025

Olive mill wastewater (OMW), a by-product of olive oil production, poses significant environmental risks due to its acidity and high polyphenol content, particularly in water-scarce regions like Jordan. This study developed a cost-effective approach to reduce the phenolic content in OMW using modified granular-activated carbon (GAC). Commercial GAC, chosen for its high surface area and adsorption capacity, was modified via oxidative treatment with concentrated nitric acid and reductive treatment using 10 wt.% ammonia solution. The modified GAC samples were tested for phenolic compound (PC) adsorption from OMW under varying surfactant types, concentrations, and pH levels using a batch method. The optimized conditions revealed that reduced GAC at pH 9 achieved the highest removal efficiency, reducing the phenolic content by 88% after 48 h. Surfactants had no significant effect on the performance of reduced GAC. Desorption tests after 7 and 32 days indicated a minimal release of PCs, confirming strong binding to the GAC surface. These findings demonstrate the potential of reduced GAC as a sustainable and cost-efficient solution for treating OMW, addressing the critical challenges in water resource management and environmental pollution in regions like Jordan.
The structural effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on hippocampal subfields in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Velioglu Halil Aziz , Sümbül Şekerci Betül , Hanoğlu Taha , Salar Ali Behram
Published: January 2025

Aim: This study investigates the structural effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on hippocampal subfields and cortical shape metrics in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Using high-resolution MRI segmentation and analysis via Hippunfold, we aim to elucidate TMS-induced structural changes and assess its potential neuroprotective role.

Methods: This retrospective study included 17 AD patients and 18 healthy controls (HC). AD patients underwent 20 Hz rTMS targeting the left lateral parietal cortex over 10 sessions across two weeks. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were acquired before and after rTMS and analyzed with Hippunfold to segment hippocampal subfields and extract cortical thickness and shape metrics. Statistical analyses were performed to compare subfield volumes and cortical metrics between groups and across time points.

Results: Hippocampal volumetric analysis revealed significant atrophy in subfields such as Cornu Ammonis 1, (CA1), CA2, CA4, dentate gyrus (DG), subiculum, and stratum radiatum-lacunosum-moleculare (SRLM) in AD patients compared to HC. Although no significant volumetric recovery was observed post-TMS, a further decline was noted in the right CA3 subfield (p=0.005), highlighting progressive atrophy. Cortical shape analyses showed significant reductions in hippocampal thickness (p
Political Governance and Economic Growth: Institutional Analysis of Russian Experience
Authors: Mankovsky I. A.
Published: January 2025

Dependence of the economic system efficiency on the quality of managerial (political) decision-making, institutional environment of national economy developed on their basis, the level of economic plan implementation and the degree of economic system readiness to function in conditions of external challenges was demonstrated by interdisciplinary analysis. The period from 2018 to 2024 was analyzed, which is explained by the political process being realized in Russia, the fixed six-year cycle of strategic planning and exogenous factors arose within this period of time that influenced seriously the efficiency of national economy. The article carried out retrospective analysis of the most important factors of Russian political system transformation, which affected the content of institutional environment of national economy and hence, the trend and intensity of economic development, which, according to the author, could help find mutual dependence of economic development and political transformation in society, rise trustworthiness of institutional analysis of Russian society and economic policy elaborated on its foundation. The author analyzed the impact on the national economy dynamics on the part of the essential (program) documents identifying trends, goals and objectives of the social and economic development of Russian society introduced into the structure of national economy institutional environment within the period being studied and found the reasons for their inadequate implementation. The article investigates the standing of national economy stipulated by technological dependence of the industrial sector on economy of unfriendly states, which deteriorated after 2022. It was shown that political decisions aimed at overcoming technological dependence and providing technological sovereignty of Russia could not reach the desired result. Some reasons for their improper execution have been identified. A conclusion was drawn about necessary modernization of national economy institutional environment in the direction of cutting departmental and municipal rule-making in the field of economic development and elaboration on the basis of inter-disciplinary institutional analysis of the Strategy of Social and Economic Development of the Russian Federation for the long-term perspective as a unique economic plan.
Prospects and Risks of Using ai Technology in Corporate Management
Authors: Frolikov A. V. , Trubin A. E. , Aleksahin A. N. , Nechaev A. M.
Published: January 2025

The article analyzes the use of AI technologies in different spheres of human activities with special focus on their use in the field of corporate management. Consequent analysis of literature sources and content-analysis allowed the authors to draw a conclusion about the growing interest in using such technologies, at the same time fears and risks dealing with this innovation arise. The authors give examples of assessing efficiency and expediency of AI using both by representatives of business-communities, state structures and by academic quarters. The research brings us to the conclusion that for successful completion of various tasks with the use of AI technologies it is necessary to take into account possible risks and restrictions that can be leveled or smoothed by precise regulation of processes of their introduction and application.
Updating Goals of Providing Economic Security in Conditions of Platform Economy
Authors: Pasechnaya Z. V. , Nazarychev D. V.
Published: January 2025

The goal of the present research is to study the problem of transforming conceptual foundations of the system providing economic security. Its acute nature is stipulated by high dynamics of social and economic relation development taking place under the impact of digitalization and arising of their new forms. Findings of the research include identification by analytical way of features of platform economy, elaboration of the author’s approach to distinguishing such notions as ‘economy of platforms’ and ‘platform economy’ and corroboration of the hypothesis about the link between the degree of platform economy development and the level of economic security of state, business entity and personality, which testifies to the complex impact of transformation processes taking place in economy. The basic principle worked-out in elaboration of the new approach to distinguishing the broad and narrow interpretation of the notion ‘platform economy’ was the use of the feature of staging of platformization processes and the assumption about the necessity to split practical and theoretical spheres in using the conceptual framework. Apart from that, during the research the list of goals dealing with state policy in the field of providing economic security adjusted to conditions of platformization was supplemented. The authors have introduced two more goals, i. e. to improve favorable competitive climate on home markets and to raise the level of regulation responsiveness.