bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metric dimension in a prime ideal sum graph of a commutative ring
Authors: Adlifard M. , Niknezhad Sh. , Nikandish R.
Published: October 2023

The prime ideal sum graph of a commutative unital ring [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text], is an undirect and simple graph whose vertices are nontrivial ideals of [Formula: see text] and there exists an edge between two distinct vertices if and only if their sum is a prime ideal of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, the metric dimension of [Formula: see text] is discussed and some formulae for this parameter in [Formula: see text] are given.
BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION 2.0: A CONCEPTUAL APPROACH TO ADD RESPONSIBILITY
Authors: ERNST VALENTIN , WECHT CHRISTOPH H. , BÖGER MAXIMILIAN , KOPPENHAGEN FRANK
Published: October 2023

In this paper, a responsible business model innovation process is developed based on the existing process of the St. Gallen Business Model Navigator. For its development, a literature review was conducted to formulate requirements that a responsible business model innovation process should fulfil. In particular, the four guiding principles of responsible research and innovation were considered: anticipation, inclusion, reflection, and responsiveness. Based on these findings, several aspects were added to the Business Model Navigator. The focus was on extending the description of a business model along the magic triangle with two additional levels, the environmental one and the social one. Additionally a new step was added in the initiation phase to make the purpose of the process more visible. The results contribute to the current understanding of a responsible business model innovation process, where ethical, social, and environmental aspects are included as core parts of the business model itself.
Engaging Senior Citizens and Flood Risk Reduction: Innovations in Community Engagement and the Resulting Spillover Effects
Authors: Cook B. R. , Kamstra P. , Winterton R. , Willis R. , Kammoora R.
Published: October 2023

There is a growing recognition that community engagement generates spillover effects, though few empirical analyses have accounted for these often intangible and nonlinear impacts. In the broader political economy of disaster risk reduction (DRR), spillovers present participatory research and practice with opportunities for leveling the resource arguments that currently favor deficit-based communications. A central, unexplored hypothesis of participatory research is as follows: If spillovers result from some forms of community engagement, affecting change in participants and non-participants, then the associated costs of community engagement may be justified by the value of changes that spillover. The possibility of spillovers, while enticing, is hampered by present gaps with regard to the ability to design, implement, and measure targeted spillovers. More simply, spillovers likely follow all social relations, but the ability to target specific outcomes following participation remains presently unknown. Focusing on flood risk reduction in Melbourne, Australia, the community engagement for disaster risk reduction (CEDRR) project utilized “relationship building” to test whether efforts to support flood risk reduction also resulted in spillovers to other aspects of participants’ lives, including to non-participants. To analyze this theoretical possibility, we partnered with a senior citizens’ organization: The University of the Third Age (U3A). Within DRR, senior citizens are often portrayed as inherently vulnerable; while within the aging literature, loneliness and isolation are shown to be key detriments to “successful aging”. The relationship-building methodology, then, aligns with both community engagement and successful aging literatures, enabling an analysis of targeted spillovers related to risk reduction actions and successful aging. Engagements on the topic of flood risk were analyzed to determine whether they had spillover effects on participants’ flood risk actions or on their successful aging outcomes. Findings from 45 remote survey-interviews and 30 follow-up engagements demonstrate that relationship building is an enjoyable form of community engagement able to promote learning, skill development, and intellectual risk-taking (i.e., elements of successful aging). In addition to successful aging, relationship building also contributed to household flood risk reduction behaviors, as well as initiating spillovers to non-participants. These exploratory findings suggest an under-accounted impact of participatory flood risk reduction, which suggests a need to broaden the measurement of “impacts” to include the benefits that spillover to other risk contexts and/or to other individuals.
Arthroscopic Scaphotrapeziotrapezoid Joint Fusion for Osteoarthritis
Authors: MYLLYKOSKI Jan , RÄISÄNEN Mikko P. , KOTKANSALO Tero , JUNTUNEN Matti , PÄÄKKÖNEN Markus
Published: October 2023

Background: Arthroscopic scaphotrapeziotrapezoid (STT) fusion (ASTTF) has emerged in the recent decade as an option for traditional open surgery. This retrospective study describes our technique and results of ASTTF.

Methods: Medical records and radiological data of patient who had undergone ASTTF between 2014 and 2022 in two tertiary hospitals were reviewed.

Results: Five ASTTF in four patients were identified. The mean age of the patients were 52.4 years. Fusion was achieved in four out of five wrists (80%). The mean postoperative radio-scaphoid angle was 48°, grip 32 kg (70% compared to contralateral hand), extension 54° (86%) and flexion 46° (93%). The mean follow-up time was 18 months (range 5 months to 4 years). One wrist (20%) developed STT non-union requiring a reoperation 2 years after index surgery.

Conclusions: ASTTF is a technically challenging procedure with a long learning curve and surgery time. However, ASTTF is less invasive compared to the open procedure and our results were like the open procedures described in literature. Further studies are needed to compare the benefits and results of open and ASTTF in a prospective and randomised setup.

Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic)
Aesthetic Considerations in Pollicisation Using the Buck-Gramcko Technique
Authors: DAS DE Soumen , SIVAKUMAR Branavan
Published: October 2023

The Buck-Gramcko (BG) technique of pollicisation has stood the test of time and provides good to excellent prehensile function in thumb hypoplasia. Proponents of the technique favour it because it provides good exposure to the palmar neurovascular structures. However, the skin flap design may occasionally lead to a ‘finger-like’ appearance with a sharp interdigital cleft and a triphalangeal form. In this report, we describe some of the important aspects of the operative technique so that the outcome is aesthetically pleasing in addition to providing good function.

Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
C2AADL_Reverse: A Model-Driven Reverse Engineering Approach for Development and Verification of Safety-Critical Software
Authors: Yang Zhibin , Qiu Zhikai , Zhou Yong , Huang Zhiqiu , Bodeveix Jean-Paul , Filali Mamoun
Published: October 2023

The safety-critical system communities have been struggling to manage and maintain their legacy software systems because upgrading such systems has been a complex challenge. To overcome or reduce this problem, reverse engineering has been increasingly used in safety-critical systems. This paper proposes C2AADL_Reverse, a model-driven reverse engineering approach for safety-critical software development and verification. C2AADL_Reverse takes multi-task C source code as input, and generates AADL (Architecture Analysis and Design Language) model of the legacy software systems. Compared with the existing works, this paper considers more reversed construction including AADL component structure, behavior, and multi-threaded run-time information. Moreover, two types of activities are proposed to ensure the correctness of C2AADL_Reverse. First, it is necessary to validate the reverse engineering process. Second, the generated AADL models should conform to desired critical properties. We propose the verification of the reverse-engineered AADL model by using UPPAAL to establish component-level properties and the Assume Guarantee REasoning Environment (AGREE) to perform compositional verification of the architecture. This combination of verification tools allows us to iteratively explore design and verification of detailed behavioral models, and to scale formal analysis to large models. In addition, the prototype tool and the evaluation of C2AADL_Reverse using a real-world aerospace case study are presented.
Achieving Crash Fault Tolerance In Autonomous Vehicle Autopilot Software Stacks Through Safety-Critical Module Rejuvenation
Authors: Lucchetti Federico , Voelp Marcus
Published: October 2023

Autonomous driving vehicles (ADV), have been in recent years, victims of their own success. Through their use of increasingly sophisticated sensor modalities and deep learning capabilities, ADVs have not only learned how to probe their chaotic environment with higher granularity coupled with smooth trajectory execution but also inherited all the vulnerabilities that were hiding behind these new features. Ensuring the safety of ADVs is crucial since a simple fault along their underlying autopilot software stack can lead to catastrophic accidents with the loss of human lives. Therefore we propose a crash-fault tolerant scheme that can be triggered whenever a crash fault of the safety critical submodules of the autopilot software stack is detected, which executes an emergency trajectory and effectively steers the car into a safe spot where the autopilot can be rejuvenated. We implement and evaluate the efficacy of this recovery scheme in the Apollo ADV software stack in conjunction with the SVL simulator. Keywords: autonomous driving vehicles, rejuvenation, crash fault tolerance, simplex architecture, apollo software stack.
Towards a Methodology to Design Provably Secure Cyber-physical Systems
Authors: Lisboa Malaquias Felipe , Giantamidis Georgios , Basagiannis Stylianos , Fulvio Rollini Simone , Amundson Isaac
Published: October 2023

The inordinate financial cost of mitigating post-production cybersecurity vulnerabilities in cyber-physical systems (CPS) is forcing the industry to rethink systems design cycles: greater attention is being given to the design phase - with the goal of reducing the attack surface of systems at an early stage (i.e., before silicon tape out). Fortunately, formal methods have advanced to the point that they can address such needs and contribute towards achieving security certification. However, new methods and tools focusing on industrial scalability and usability for systems engineers are required. In this ongoing research paper, we describe a framework that will help systems engineers to: a) design cyber-assured CPS using a Model Based Engineering (MBE) approach; b) formally map security requirements to different hardware and software blocks in the model; and c) formally verify security requirements. Based on the nature of each requirement, our framework collects formal correctness evidence from different tools: while high-level architectural properties are suitable for a contract- or ontology-based reasoning, more complex properties with rich semantics require the use of model checking or theorem proving techniques.
How Fish Population Genomics Can Promote Sustainable Fisheries: A Road Map
Authors: Andersson Leif , Bekkevold Dorte , Berg Florian , Farrell Edward D. , Felkel Sabine , Ferreira Mafalda S. , Fuentes-Pardo Angela P. , Goodall Jake , Pettersson Mats
Published: October 2023

Maintenance of genetic diversity in marine fishes targeted by commercial fishing is a grand challenge for the future. Most of these species are abundant and therefore important for marine ecosystems and food security. Here, we present a road map of how population genomics can promote sustainable fisheries. In these species, the development of reference genomes and whole genome sequencing is key, because genetic differentiation at neutral loci is usually low due to large population sizes and gene flow. First, baseline allele frequencies representing genetically differentiated populations within species must be established. These can then be used to accurately determine the composition of mixed samples, forming the basis for population demographic analysis to inform sustainably set fish quotas. SNP-chip analysis is a cost-effective method for determining baseline allele frequencies and for population identification in mixed samples. Finally, we describe how genetic marker analysis can transform stock identification and management.
Kidney-Specific Interleukin-17 Responses During Infection and Injury
Authors: Peroumal Doureradjou , Biswas Partha S.
Published: October 2023

The kidneys are life-sustaining organs that are vital to removing waste from our bodies. Because of their anatomic position and high blood flow, the kidneys are vulnerable to damage due to infections and autoinflammatory conditions. Even now, our knowledge of immune responses in the kidney is surprisingly rudimentary. Studying kidney-specific immune events is challenging because of the poor regenerative capacity of the nephrons, accumulation of uremic toxins, and hypoxia- and arterial blood pressure–mediated changes, all of which have unexpected positive or negative impacts on the immune response in the kidney. Kidney-specific defense confers protection against pathogens. On the other hand, unresolved inflammation leads to kidney damage and fibrosis. Interleukin-17 is a proinflammatory cytokine that has been linked to immunity against pathogens and pathogenesis of autoinflammatory diseases. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of IL-17 activities in the kidney in the context of infections, autoinflammatory diseases, and renal fibrosis.
Stochastic Models of Rainfall
Authors: Northrop Paul J.
Published: October 2023

Rainfall is the main input to most hydrological systems. To assess flood risk for a catchment area, hydrologists use models that require long series of subdaily, perhaps even subhourly, rainfall data, ideally from locations that cover the area. If historical data are not sufficient for this purpose, an alternative is to simulate synthetic data from a suitably calibrated model. We review stochastic models that have a mechanistic structure, intended to mimic physical features of the rainfall processes, and are constructed using stationary point processes. We describe models for temporal and spatial-temporal rainfall and consider how they can be fitted to data. We provide an example application using a temporal model and an illustration of data simulated from a spatial-temporal model. We discuss how these models can contribute to the simulation of future rainfall that reflects our changing climate.
Microstructural Evolution and Magnetic and Corrosion Properties of FeCoNiAl0.2Yx High-Entropy Alloys
Authors: Zhang Hailang , Lei Sheng , Li Yun , Cui Shaojie , Hu Shanshan , Wang Ping
Published: October 2023

FeCoNiAl0.2Yx (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) high-entropy alloys (HEAs) with different Y contents were prepared by a vacuum arc melting method, and experimental methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), vibration sample magnetometer (VSM), hardness tester, and electrochemical workstation were used. The effects of rare Earth Y content on the microstructure, magnetic properties, and electrochemical corrosion properties of the alloy were investigated. The results showed that all FeCoNiAl0.2Yx alloys had a dendrite structure. When x = 0, the alloy consists of the FCC phase, after adding Y element, the HCP2 phase appeared in the alloy, and when x = 0.3, only the HCP1 phase existed in the alloy. The hardness of the alloy increased with the increase of Y content. The FeCoNiAl0.2Y0.1 alloy had the best magnetic properties, reaching a maximum saturation magnetization strength (Ms) of 139.25 emu g−1. The hysteresis area of FeCoNiAl0.2Yx alloys was very small, basically zero, and the hysteresis curves showed a very small lag. The corrosion potential of FeCoNiAl0.2Y0.1 alloy was −1.010 V, and the minimum corrosion current density of FeCoNiAl0.2Y0.1 alloy was 1.181 × 10−5 A cm−2. FeCoNiAl0.2Y0.1 alloy had relatively high corrosion potential and minimum corrosion current density and had excellent corrosion resistance.
Evaluation of E‐Cadherin Expression in Patients with Pemphigus Vulgaris via Immunohistochemistry
Authors: Ghorbanivalikchali Saeid , Rakhshan Azadeh , Ghalamkarpour Fariba , Abdollahimajd Fahimeh
Published: October 2023

Pemphigus is a group of autoimmune bullous diseases that can affect the skin and mucous membranes, and it is vital to recognize the exact pathogenesis of this disease. This study aimed to investigate the role of E‐cadherin in the pathogenesis of pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and compare the expression of E‐cadherin in the lesions of PV patients with that in healthy individuals’ skin. Thirty tissue samples from histopathologically confirmed PV patients as the case group and 30 skin samples from healthy individuals as the control group were evaluated for E‐cadherin expression via the immunohistochemical method. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 25; chi‐squared and Fisher’s exact tests were used to examine the relationship between qualitative variables. Immunohistochemical staining revealed decreased E‐cadherin expression in the basal and suprabasal layers of the epidermis of PV patients compared with healthy individuals (P < 0.001). E‐cadherin expression was 1+ in 53.3% of patients, 2+ in 40% of patients, and 3+ in only one (3.3%) patient. On the other hand, the expression of E‐cadherin in other layers of the epidermis was 1+ in one patient, 2+ in five patients (25%), and 3+ in 14 patients (70%). Also, the expression of E‐cadherin in all layers of the epidermis was 3+ in all controls. E‐cadherin expression in the basal and suprabasal layers of the epidermis appears to be lower in patients with PV compared with controls. Therefore, E‐cadherin immunohistochemical staining helps diagnose PV along with other diagnostic methods. Moreover, these findings may shed light on the role of E‐cadherin as a potential target for disease treatment aiming at disease stabilization. However, more studies are needed to clarify this issue.
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents and Cancer: A Narrative Review
Authors: Chen Rui , Sun Yan , Li Yufan , Dou Xiaoke , Dai Maosha , Sun Shujun , Lin Yun
Published: October 2023

Objective. Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) are part of the three elements of general anaesthesia (sedation, analgesia, and muscle relaxation), which can relax muscles and facilitate intubation and surgery. It has been reported that cancer cells are prone to invasion or metastasis during surgery, but various anaesthetics are currently used in cancer resection, particularly NMBA, and the effects on cancer cell behavior are poorly understood. Guidelines for the correct application of NMBA in cancer surgery have not been reported; therefore, the aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between NMBA and cancer. Methods. Two investigators independently searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CBM for articles of NMBA and cancer. Results. The available evidence suggests that cisatracurium may be more appropriate for use in anaesthesia for cancer surgery, while rocuronium deserves further attention, particularly for breast and gastric cancer surgery, and vecuronium is suitable for breast cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer, while it is used with caution in gastric cancer. Also, the relationship between NMBA (mivacurium, succinylcholine, gantacurium, and decamethonium bromide) and cancer is unclear and deserves further study. Conclusion. The effect of different NMBAs on cancer cells varies, and the effect of some NMBAs on cancer cells is unclear, and most of the current findings are only from in vitro studies, which need to be validated by further clinical studies in the future to better guide the clinical application of NMBAs.
TTA-GEP: Terrain Traversability Analysis with Geometry and Environmental Perception for the Path Planning of Planetary Rovers
Authors: Yang Li , Liang Chao , He Ximing , Zhao Dengyang
Published: October 2023

Terrain traversability analysis (TTA), the key to the navigation of planetary rovers, is significant to the safety of the rover. Therefore, owing to its complexity, the Martian terrain is worth analysing comprehensively based on the terrain variability and hazard level. In this work, we propose a novel method for terrain traversability analysis for the path planning of planetary rovers by integrating Martian terrain geometry features with terrain semantic information, which includes geometry and environmental perception (GEP). Specifically, we deploy semantic segmentation to classify common terrain types, such as rocks, bedrocks, and sand, obtaining semantic information as one part of terrain traversability analysis at the same time. Simultaneously, the point cloud is generated by using binocular images from the planetary rover navigation camera (Navcam) to construct a 2.5D elevation map of the environment to analyse the geometric characteristics of the terrain. Besides, we implement path planning based on the results of TTA-GEP. Overall, our proposed method improves the performance of the terrain traversability analysis and reduces the risk of planetary rovers while detecting in an unstructured environment.
Renin Trajectories and Outcome in Stable Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) on Contemporary Therapy: A Monocentric Study from an Austrian Tertiary Hospital Outpatient Clinic
Authors: Han Emilie , Prausmüller Suriya , Weidenhammer Annika , Spinka Georg , Arfsten Henrike , Bartko Philipp E. , Goliasch Georg , Hülsmann Martin , Pavo Noemi
Published: October 2023

Introduction. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is the main target of neurohumoral therapy in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) effectively reducing mortality. Reasonably, renin might serve as a biomarker for risk prediction and therapy response. Renin indeed bears some additional value to clinical risk models, albeit the effect is not pronounced. Whether assessing renin trajectories can overcome the weaknesses of single renin measurements has not been reported. Methods. A total of 505 patients with stable HFrEF were enrolled prospectively and followed through routine clinical visits. Active plasma renin concentration was documented up to 5 years. Changes in renin were analyzed throughout the disease course, and survival was compared for different renin trajectories within the first year. Results. Baseline renin levels were not related to all-cause mortality (crude HR for an increase of 100  μiE/ml: 1.01 (95% CI: 0.99–1.02), [Formula: see text]) but associated with unplanned HF hospitalizations (crude HR: 1.01 (95% CI: 1.00-1.02), [Formula: see text]). Renin increased during the disease course from baseline to 1-year and 2-year FUP (122.7 vs. 185.6  μIU/ml, [Formula: see text], and 122.7 vs. 258.5  μIU/ml, [Formula: see text]). Both survival and unplanned HF hospitalization rates were comparable for different renin trajectories at 1-year FUP ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). Conclusions. Intriguingly, renin is not a good biomarker to indicate prognosis in HF, while renin trajectories over a 1-year period do not have an additional value. Rapid physiologic plasma renin variations, but also opposing effects of angiotensinogen-derived metabolites under presence of RAS blockade, might obscure the predictive ability of renin.
Proteomic‐Based Discovery of Predictive Biomarkers for Drug Therapy Response and Personalized Medicine in Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Gilanchi Samira , Faranoush Mohammad , Daskareh Mahyar , Sadjjadi Fatemeh Sadat , Zali Hakimeh , Ghassempour Alireza , Rezaei Tavirani Mostafa
Published: October 2023

Purpose. ITP is the most prevalent autoimmune blood disorder. The lack of predictive biomarkers for therapeutic response is a major challenge for physicians caring of chronic ITP patients. This study is aimed at identifying predictive biomarkers for drug therapy responses. Methods. 2D gel electrophoresis (2‐DE) was performed to find differentially expressed proteins. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (MALDI‐TOF MS) analysis was performed to identify protein spots. The Cytoscape software was employed to visualize and analyze the protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network. Then, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to confirm the results of the proteins detected in the blood. The DAVID online software was used to explore the Gene Ontology and pathways involved in the disease. Results. Three proteins, including APOA1, GC, and TF, were identified as hub‐bottlenecks and confirmed by ELISA. Enrichment analysis results showed the importance of several biological processes and pathway, such as the PPAR signaling pathway, complement and coagulation cascades, platelet activation, vitamin digestion and absorption, fat digestion and absorption, cell adhesion molecule binding, and receptor binding. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance. Our results indicate that plasma proteins (APOA1, GC, and TF) can be suitable biomarkers for the prognosis of the response to drug therapy in ITP patients.
Lessons for the Next Generation of Scientists from the Second Annual Arthur and Sandra Irving Cancer Immunology Symposium
Authors: Alvarez-Breckenridge Christopher , Anderson Kristin G. , Correia Ana Luisa , Demehri Shadmehr , Dinh Huy Q. , Dixon Karen Olivia , Dunn Gavin P. , Evgin Laura , Goc Jeremy , Good Zinaida , Hacohen Nir , Han Patrick , Hanč Pavel , Hickey John , Kersten Kelly , Liu Beiyun C. , Buque Aitziber , Miao Yuxuan ‘Phoenix’ , Milner J. Justin , Pritykin Yuri , Pucci Ferdinando , Scharping Nicole E. , Sudmeier Lisa , Wang Yufei , Wieland Andreas , Williams Michelle M.
Published: October 2023

The Arthur and Sandra Irving Cancer Immunology Symposium has been created as a platform for established cancer immunologists to mentor trainees and young investigators as they launch their research career in the field. By sharing their different paths to success, the senior faculty mentors provide an invaluable resource to support the development of the next generation of leaders in the cancer immunology community. This Commentary describes some of the key topics that were discussed during the 2022 symposium: scientific and career trajectory, leadership, mentoring, collaborations, and publishing. For each of these topics, established investigators discussed the elements that facilitate success in these areas as well as mistakes that can hinder progress. Herein, we outline the critical points raised in these discussions for establishing a successful independent research career. These points are highly relevant for the broader scientific community.
Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease on Distinct Microbial Communities at the Bacterial Phylum Level
Authors: Uojima Haruki , Sakaguchi Yoshihiko , Gotoh Kazuyoshi , Satoh Takashi , Hidaka Hisashi , Take Akira , Horio Kazue , Hayashi Shunji , Kusano Chika
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Limited data are available on the correlation between microbial communities and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). This study aimed to evaluate the influence of MAFLD on diverse microbial communities. Methods: We recruited 43 patients with a nonviral liver disease. Enrolled patients were divided into two groups according to MAFLD criteria. The fecal microbial composition was evaluated using the variable V3-V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA region, which was amplified using polymerase chain reaction. First, we assessed the influence of MAFLD on distinct microbial communities at the bacterial phylum level. Next, the correlation between the microbial communities and diversity in patients with MAFLD was evaluated. Results: Among the enrolled participants, the non-MAFLD and MAFLD groups consisted of 21 and 22 patients, respectively. Sequences were distributed among ten bacterial phyla. The relative abundance of Firmicutes was significantly higher in the MAFLD group than in the non-MAFLD group (p = 0.014). The microbial diversity was not significantly influenced by the presence of MAFLD (Chao-1 index: p = 0.215 and Shannon index: p = 0.174, respectively); nonetheless, the correlation coefficient between the abundances of Firmicutes and microbial diversity was higher in the non-MAFLD group than in the MAFLD group. Conclusion: The presence of MAFLD increased the relative abundances of Firmicutes at the bacterial phylum level, which may cause the discrepancy between the abundances of Firmicutes and diversity in patients with MAFLD.
Therapeutic Hypothermia Is Limited in Preventing Developmental Impairments after Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia
Authors: Nunes Ricardo Ribeiro , Tassinari Isadora D’Ávila , Zang Janaína , Andrade Mirella Kielek Galvan , Colucci Anna Clara Machado , Hoff Mariana Leivas Müller , Oliveira Maikel Rosa de , Paz Ana Helena , de Fraga Luciano Stürmer
Published: October 2023

The only current treatment for neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is therapeutic hypothermia (TH), which still shows some limitations. Specific effects of TH in the several processes involved in brain injury progression remain unclear. In this study, the effects of TH treatment on developmental parameters, behavioral outcomes, and peripheral leukocytes were evaluated in neonatal male and female rats. In P7, animals were submitted to right common carotid artery occlusion followed by hypoxia (8% oxygen). TH was performed by reducing the animal scalp temperature to 32°C for 5 h. Behavioral parameters and developmental landmarks were evaluated. Animals were euthanized at P9 or P21, and cerebral hemispheres, spleen, and thymus were weighed. White blood cells (WBCs) were counted in blood smears. There was a reduction in the weight of the brain hemisphere ipsilateral to the carotid occlusion in HI and TH groups, as well as a reduction in body weight gain and a delay in the opening of the ipsilateral eye. Latency in negative geotaxis was increased by HI at P12. TH did not prevent brain weight loss, developmental impairments, or WBC number changes but prevented negative geotaxis impairment and spleen weight reduction. These data reinforce that a better understanding of the events that occur after HI and TH in both males and females is necessary and would allow the development of more adequate and sex-specific therapeutic approaches.
The Deficits of Students’ Orientation in Solving Proportion Problems, as Revealed through Task Modifications
Authors: Yanishevskaya Maria A.
Published: October 2023

Background. Using the Activity Theory of education (Galperin, 1992; Talyzina, 2018), this article examines the students’ actions that constitute the early stages of forming the concept of ratios. The psychological analysis of mastery of this concept shows that it essentially depends on understanding the coordination of the changes of two independent values (area, velocity, density, etc.). Objective. The present research considers differences in students’ operations with numbers on various tasks, based on their comprehension of ratio relations (direct and inverse proportions); these differences are revealed through posing certain modified tasks, but may stay unnoticed in regular tasks. The goal of the study was to identify the criteria for adequate assessment of the sustainability of the students’ orientation in modified tasks. Design. A test of 15 tasks was designed based on Galperin's classification of task variations: domain specific, logical, and psychological. The formulation of the tasks disguised the operations needed to achieve the right answer, and sometimes even prompted the wrong solution. There were 12 tasks on direct proportions – four sample and eight modified; and three inverse proportion tasks: one sample and two modified. One hundred sixty (160) students (5th-6th grade, 11-13 years old) took the test in writing. Results. The comparison of students’ performance on the sample and modified tasks showed significant differences. Modifications impaired the students' performance on both types of proportion problems (direct and inverse). Logical and psychological modifications had the most impact on the quality of the students' orientation and thus proved to be most indicative in terms of students’ orientation quality assessment. Conclusion. The data suggest the following: 1) that the concepts of proportionality which the students acquired from a regular school curriculum lack "generalization," and 2) that students’ ability to apply the ratio concept is very sensitive to the way the word problem is presented. These findings are essential for evaluating students’ multiplicative thinking: their actual level of comprehension cannot be revealed through their performance on regular tasks.
The Galperin–Talyzina Method of Psychological Investigation of the Genesis of Cognitive Processes
Authors: Maturano Longarezi Andréa , Marques de Oliveira Martins Iury Kesley
Published: October 2023

Background. Piotr Ya. Galperin and his collaborator Nina F. Talyzina performed solid experimental work which led them to propose the theory of stage-by-stage formation of mental actions and concepts, as well as a method to investigate cognitive processes, whose conceptual and procedural streamlining demands analysis and systematization. Objective. To investigate the formative experiment of P. Ya. Galperin and N.F. Talyzina, with the aim of analyzing their contributions to the method of psychological investigation of cognitive processes. Design. The article is part of a theoretical research project on developmental didactics systems, of which the Galperin–Talyzina system is one. Russian works by the two authors and their translations into English, Spanish, and Portuguese, as well as works by other psychologists and educators from the Galperin–Talyzina school, were sources of the work. Results. The experiments of P.Ya. Galperin and N.F. Talyzina studied, promoted, and analyzed the assimilation of new knowledge and mental actions, by introducing different conditions. The article systematizes the stages and procedures of such experiments, as well as the series and steps of diagnosis of the developmental level and the formation of mental actions and concepts, in relation to the type of Orienting Basis of an Action (OBA). Conclusion. The theory was built on the basis of simultaneous production of a method to study the genesis of the cognitive processes and the theory of stage-by-stage formation of mental actions and concepts; it led us to define the method of P.Ya. Galperin and N.F. Talyzina as a gradual formation experiment.
A Dynamic Evaluation of the Process of Solving Mathematical Problems, according to N.F. Talyzina's Method
Authors: Rosas-Rivera Yolanda , Solovieva Yulia
Published: October 2023

Background. The process of teaching mathematics represents a challenge for primary education, due to the different perspectives and disciplines involved. In addition, as an active and flexible process, it requires feedback on what the students actually achieved. An analysis of the different learning and development outcomes allows the teacher to understand the mathematical content and the method of teaching it in the classroom, with the objective of promoting the students’ conceptual development. Objective. The objective of our study was to analyze the general skills for problem solving which students developed, by applying dynamic evaluation. Design. A verification method was used to identify the students’ abilities and difficulties. A protocol for evaluating the process of solving mathematical problems was organized. The assessment included four simple problems and four complex ones. The participants were 15 students in the third grade of primary school attending a private school located in Mexico City. Results. The results showed that the students identified the types of mathematical operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) required to solve the problems as their objective. Therefore, their preparation of a solution plan, its execution, and its verification were based only on empirical thinking and quantitative information. Conclusions. We concluded that problem-solving is an intellectual activity that requires conceptual development to carry out a solution plan, execute it, and verify it, in addition to the main objective of answering the question posed by the problem. We propose that these characteristics be included in the organization of mathematics teaching in order to develop mathematical thinking.
The Discursive Organization of Disability as a Moral and Epistemic Construct within a University Accommodations Office
Authors: Forbes Shelby
Published: October 2023

Definitions of disability abound, but it has been represented in prevailing social discourses as both proper to the individual and the medical institution. Discourses that portray disability as such are inherently interdiscursive in nature, as they draw upon, and are embedded within, larger discourses of what counts as evidence of not only knowledge, but knowledge of disability in particular. By employing a discourse analytic approach to analyzing in-depth interviews with members of a university accommodations office, I show how they locally reproduce and inadvertently reaffirm such discourses of disability, as they organize disability according to type: physical and cognitive. In their talk, these categories of disability are presented as oppositional and hierarchical constructs, with physical disability being discursively constructed as preferable to cognitive disability. I consider how this practice ties into an empiricist tradition that argues that to know disability means that it must be observable, measurable, or otherwise verifiable.
On the Deadliness of Specialized Dairy Production – The Case of Jersey Herds in Switzerland
Authors: Mann Stefan
Published: October 2023

The jointness of milk and beef production is still the dominant system but is challenged by the trend toward vegetarian diets that skip meat but not milk consumption. Specialized dairy production raises issues regarding the management of male animals that are better known from the case of egg production but which are yet to be explored for dairy herds. In a first step, the problem of male chicklets is presented; similarities and differences to dairy systems are highlighted. A dataset of Swiss cattle is used to show that specialized dairy production as indicated by Jersey cows leads to a shorter life expectancy of both newborn calves and dairy cows compared to the joint production of milk and meat. In a qualitative part, the unsolved problem of economic waste through all male animals and the female animals not needed for milk production is illustrated by using the method of objective hermeneutics. It can be concluded that specialized dairy production does not benefit farm animals.
A new genus for Philydor erythrocercum and P. fuscipenne (Aves: Furnariidae)
Authors: SANGSTER GEORGE , HARVEY MICHAEL G. , GAUDIN JIMMY , CLARAMUNT SANTIAGO
Published: October 2023

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Vibration errors compensation method based on self-feature registration for the 3-D dynamic measurement of metallic sealing ring forming surface
Authors: Pei Hao-Nan , Zhou Wen-Jing , Luo Ming
Published: October 2023

The formed surface quality of metallic sealing ring of aero-engine affects the aircraft service performance directly. However, existing inspection methods, such as the final destructive inspection and the line laser scanner section profile measurement, only evaluate the formed quality from a 2-D view, that is, single or multiple radial formed section profiles. The lack of geometric information of 3-D surface is not conducive to the comprehensive monitoring of forming quality and process planning. Therefore, based on the line laser scanners, this paper mainly proposes a vibration errors compensation method based on self-feature registration. Aiming at the problem of rigid transformation of the measurement profile caused by random vibration during the rotary motion of metallic sealing ring, the feature of measurement profile in stationary scene (MPSS), that is, the medial axis, is used as the reference for the correct pose of measurement profile. The principle of finding the correct pose of measurement profile in rotary motion scene (MPRMS) is to minimize the distance between the medial axes. Next, based on the rotary motion information of metallic sealing ring and the geometric information of measurement system, a 3-D reconstruction matrix is built, so as to convert each measurement profile to the base coordinate system in turn, and finally a 3-D dynamic measurement method for the metallic sealing ring forming surface is built. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through simulation experiment and real measurement.
‘Raising their voices’: Explaining the policy practice of minority social workers in multicultural societies
Authors: Nouman Hani , Azaiza Faisal
Published: October 2023

The present article presents empirical evidence regarding factors that explain the involvement of social workers from minority groups in policy practice based on data from an extensive survey of social workers from the Arab minority group in Israel ( n = 218). The findings revealed that the sociopolitical context of an ethnic minority significantly affects their involvement in policy practice. In order to increase the involvement of minority social workers in policy arenas in multicultural societies, professional bodies and social work training frameworks should provide social workers with knowledge resources and professional skills, including tailored organizational support.
High-Stakes Treatment Negotiations Gone Awry: The Importance of Interactions for Understanding Treatment Advocacy and Patient Resistance
Authors: Tate Alexandra , Spencer Karen Lutfey
Published: October 2023

Doctors (and sociologists) have a long history of struggling to understand why patients seek medical help yet resist treatment recommendations. Explanations for resistance have pointed to macrostructural changes, such as the rise of the engaged patient or decline of physician authority. Rather than assuming that concepts such as resistance, authority, or engagement are exogenous phenomena transmitted via conversational conduits, we examine how they are dynamically co-constituted interactionally. Using conversation analysis to analyze a videotaped interaction of an oncology patient resisting the treatment recommendation even though she might die without treatment, we show how sustained resistance manifests in and through her doctor’s actions. This paradox, in which the doctor can both recommend life-prolonging care and condition resistance to it, has broad relevance beyond cancer treatment; it also can help us to understand other doctor–patient decisional conflicts, for instance, medication nonadherence, delaying emergent care, and vaccine refusal.
Reframing trauma-informed practices
Authors: Wright Travis
Published: October 2023

Discussions of trauma-informed practices tend to focus on student behaviors and strategies for managing those behaviors, rather than the circumstances students are experiencing. Critical educators have expressed concern that a focus on trauma-informed practices lead teachers to view students from marginalized backgrounds with a deficit lens, assuming that they all have experienced trauma. Travis Wright suggests reframing trauma as messiness, which conveys that children’s lives are complex, that they are placed in difficult situations, and that the challenges are ongoing. Describing children’s lives as messy, instead of traumatic, enables educators to take a more expansive view of children’s experiences and potential trauma responses. Emotionally responsive teaching responds to the messiness of students’ lives by promoting healing relationships among students, teachers, and families that foster resilience and restoration.
Helping students be ‘happier and less worried’: A conversation with Elizabeth Englander
Authors: Vail Kathleen
Published: October 2023

Bullying has been a well-recognized problem for schoolchildren for many years, but the attitudes and potential solutions to bullying have evolved. Once it was believed that schools and adults should not intervene in bullying among children, but now we know that educators can and should create a safe climate for all their students. Attitudes about students’ mental health have changed, too, especially since so many children were impacted by school closures, family upheaval, and social isolation during the pandemic. Educators can play a role in improving their students’ mental health. Bullying and cyberbullying researcher Elizabeth Englander talks to Kappan magazine about the mental health impact of bullying and cyberbullying on students as well as ways teachers can stem bullying behaviors in the classroom. She also discusses the potential long-term impact of the pandemic on students’ mental health.
Promoting Social Support as a Protective Factor for Parental Stress and Child Behavior Problems During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ross Lily , Okine Lucinda , Cederbaum Julie A.
Published: October 2023

Child and family routines were significantly disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic stay-at-home orders, leaving individuals isolated from school, work, and peer networks. This work examines how social support from family/friends and systems was connected to associations between parental stress and child behavior problems. Data was collected between January and March of 2021 from 195 parents of children in elementary school who were primarily in remote learning due to the pandemic. Hierarchical linear regression models indicated that younger child age and child gender were associated with parental stress in step 1; only child age remained significant when child behavior problems were added. Support from family, but not external systems, attenuated associations between child characteristics and behavior on parental stress, though child behavior problems remained consistent with parental stress even when support was present. Exploring parental stressors and investing in support networks may protect children and families from immediate and ongoing challenges.
The rare case of double valve surgery in a patient with factor VII deficiency
Authors: Schoettler Friederike I. , Fatehi Hassanabad Ali , Chiu Michael H. , Ferland Andre , Adams Corey
Published: October 2023

Performing cardiac surgery on patients with bleeding diatheses poses significant challenges since these patients are at an increased risk for complications secondary to excessive bleeding. Despite its rarity, patients with factor VII (FVII) deficiency may require invasive procedures such as cardiac surgery. However, we lack guidelines on their pre-, peri-, and post-operative management. As FVII deficiency is rare, it seems unlikely to design and learn from large clinical studies. Instead, we need to base our clinical decision-making on single reported cases and registry data. Herein, we present the rare case of a patient with FVII deficiency who underwent double valve surgery. Pre-operatively, activated recombinant FVII (rFVIIa) was administered to reduce the risk of bleeding. Nevertheless, the patient experienced major bleeding. This case highlights the significance of FVII deficiency in patients undergoing cardiac surgery and emphasizes the importance of adequate and appropriate transfusion of blood products for these patients.