bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Law Enforcement of SMEs Licensing in Empowerment of People's Economy Connected to Regional Autonomy in North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Mukidi  , Sinaga Nelly Azwarni , Purba Nelvitia , Pramono Rudy
Published: June 2021

law enforcement on SME licensing aims to encourage the empowerment of the people's economy through improving the quality of licensing services in the regional autonomy government and for better chances in the future in North Sumatra Province. The research method used is normative legal research (juridical normative), juridical sociology, and empirical to find the truth related to the enforcement of SME licensing laws that have been stipulated in the regulations. Result of this study, the process for obtaining SME licensing in North Sumatra has been regulated through the One-Stop Integrated Licensing Service Agency based on the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation followed by Governor, Regent, and Mayor regulations through regional regulations. In the implementation, it will be carried out using technology systems and facilities or still manual. From the actual conditions, licensing services are still problematic so that to achieve the goal of law enforcement in empowering the people's economy or even to improve the economy of the community is not yet optimal, because the implementation of regulations has not been implemented properly and correctly so that the people applying for permits still have difficulty obtaining business licenses. From the results of the delegation of the authority of the regional head to the BPPTSP, it has not been fully implemented, there are still other offices that accept delegations so that permit applicants find it difficult and convoluted and their implementation overlaps in the difficult bureaucracy, finally the timeliness and expenditure of costs are not as expected.
Characterisation of Mass Transfer in Frontal Nanofiltration Equipment and Development of a Simple Correlation
Authors: Oatley-Radcliffe Darren L. , Williams Steffan R. , Lee Christopher , Williams Paul M.
Published: June 2021

This aim of this work was to investigate the effects of mass transfer in three commercially available frontal nanofiltration systems (Amicon, Sterlitech and Membranology) using the rejection of uncharged poly ethylene glycol (molecular weight 3400) at different pressures and stirrer speeds using a 4000 MWCO membrane. The real rejection was calculated from the observed rejection using the infinite rejection method and a comparison was made between experimentally obtained mass transfer coefficients and those obtained from commonly used ultrafiltration theory. A new mass transfer correlation was proposed that is more appropriate to account for the increased mass transfer effects observed with the larger pressures of nanofiltration. This new correlation is defined as NSh = j(NRe)n (NSc)0.33(1+(Jv/wr)x) is only a minor modification to existing theory and has an accuracy suitable for engineering design purposes.
Digital Economy in the Context of Phylogenesis of Innovation and Market Development
Authors: Stroev P.V. , Firsov D.V. , Reshetnikov S.B.
Published: June 2021

Understanding the phylogenetic origin of a concept of innovation stands as the main precipice in establishing a sustainable concept of innovation. And as a scientific direction in studying emergence, distribution and commercialization of innovations. Primary Novelty of present article is expressed through analysis of neoindustrialization as a process of transition to a new economic paradigm through renewal of industrial infrastructure and its form of organization in a Technetronic phase of development. Comparative, comprehensive and factor analysis stands as the main methodology for the present article. Primary data consists of government and commercial statistics. The empirical analysis shows the importance of the vertically integrated structures in the course of new cluster development as well as their weight and importance in the development of the modern digital economy.Results of a research of Economist Intelligence Unit in 82 countries of the world say that such countries as Mexico or China, quickly improve the skills in the field of innovations. The research allowed being elicited one remarkable fact: the countries with the average level of economic welfare have additional benefits that introduction of domestic innovative developments stimulates also faster development of foreign experience.
Developing Formulas for Quick Calculation of Polyhedron Volume in Spatial Geometry: Application to Vietnam
Authors: Tuan Bui Anh , McAleer Michael , Dang Nguyen Thi Tieu , Pho Kim-Hung
Published: June 2021

In the age of globalization, an effective leadership skill is the ability for quick calculation of work-related problems. From an economic perspective, fast computation often provides a competitive advantage in business, where speed, efficiency and accuracy are required. Quick calculation techniques are a central problem in modern mathematics because it shortens the time for solving technical problems. The purpose of the paper is to provide an explanation that will lead to a quick solution to a volume problem. Specifically, some convenient formulas are provided for quick calculation of the volume of the common polyhedron, together with a number of multiple-choice questions with IATA software to practice. Based on the evaluation results, reliable multiple-choice questions are used for an empirical study in Can Tho City, Vietnam on the effectiveness of the formulas for quick calculation of the polyhedron volume in spatial geometry. Statistical analysis shows that quick formulas help students to complete lessons at a higher rate, thereby contributing to improvements in the effectiveness of teaching geometry, especially the volume of the Polyhedron.
Management of Reputation Risks at the Agricultural Enterprises of Eastern Europe as a Component of Increasing Their Competitiveness
Authors: Zakharchenko Oleg V. , Eremina Alina R. , Ushakov Denis S. , Odintsov Oleh M. , Mylnichenko Serhii M.
Published: June 2021

We note a significant role of the agricultural sector in the development of economic systems in a significant number of post-Soviet countries of Eastern Europe. However, Eastern European agricultural enterprises have significant problems in ensuring and managing their competitiveness, where reputation and the risks associated with it are of key importance. Novelty. The scientific novelty of the research paper is the developed algorithm of reputation risk management, which is based on the author's methodology of their evaluation and takes into account the peculiarities of such management in agricultural enterprises from the post-Soviet countries of Eastern Europe. To achieve the goal and test the hypotheses put forward in the research paper, a set of general, specific and technical methods were used at the empirical and theoretical levels, such as: abstraction method; expert method; methods of analysis and synthesis; comparison; deduction; induction; methods of systematization, grouping and logical generalization. The research methodology is based on systemic and functional, historical and systemic approaches in identifying and resolving the range of problems of reputation risk management within the framework of improving the competitiveness management of agro-industrial enterprises from the post-Soviet countries of Eastern Europe. For the purpose of the study, data were collected and an empirical analysis was conducted concerning the eleven Eastern European countries that were part of the Soviet Union for 1991-2018 regarding analysis of the dynamics of agricultural production and its share in GDP according to statistics taken from the KNOEMA databases. Policy considerations: the agricultural sector of the economy plays an increasing role in the economic systems of some post-Soviet countries of Eastern Europe, serving as the basis for their sustainable development; agricultural producers from the post-Soviet space of Eastern Europe have problems with ensuring competitiveness in national, international and world markets; reputation risk plays a significant role in ensuring and improving the competitiveness management of agricultural enterprises from post-Soviet countries of Eastern Europe; the formation of an effective reputation risk management algorithm is a key element in ensuring and improving the competitiveness management of Eastern European agricultural producers.
Synthesis of Hydrogen Getter Zr1-xCox (x=0-1) Alloy Films by Magnetron Co-Sputtering
Authors: Dhonge Baban P. , Singh Akash , Panda Arun K. , Srihari Velaga , Thirumurugesan R. , Parida Pradyumna K. , Mythili R. , Parameswaran P.
Published: June 2021

The Zr1-xCox(x=0, 0.25, 0.53, 0.63, 1) thin films were deposited on quartz substrate using magnetron co-sputtering of Zirconium and Cobalt targets in confocal geometry. A constant pulsed direct current (PDC) on Zirconium and radio frequency (RF) of various powers on Cobalt target were applied to vary the concentration of Co in the Zr1-xCox film. The film composition was quantified using EDX measurements. The hydrogen storage capacity of these films was studied using an in-house developed hydrogen adsorption setup, in which the electrical resistivity of the film was monitored as a function of hydrogen partial pressure and temperature. The films' surface morphology and crystal structure before and after hydrogenation were characterized using atomic force microscopy and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction techniques using synchrotron radiation, respectively. An increase in the particle size after hydrogenation was observed for all the films. An increase in resistivity was also observed due to the absorption of hydrogen in all the compositions. The near stoichiometric film Zr0.47Co0.53 showed the highest hydrogen absorption level at 200 oC at all partial pressures. However, a decrease in the response at temperatures higher than 200 oC was observed in the film containing a Co concentration. The mechanism for the increase in resistivity of the film on hydrogenation is explained
Precise Control of Dynamic Object by Combining of the Advantages of Different Sensors
Authors: Zhmud Vadim , Yadrishnikov Oleg , Semibalamut Vladimir
Published: June 2021

Precise control of dynamic objects with negative feedback loop is widely used in science and industry [1-3]. Control accuracy depends on properties of the regulator, as well as on the accuracy of the sensor of the output value. Often the choice of the best sensor is impossible, because the different sensors may have different, and none of them is the best over the whole frequency range. In this paper, the research work is carried out in the base of the mathematical simulation and some theory. The modeling proof of the method effectiveness is carried out on specific examples. The sensors together with the object give the task with single input and two outputs (SITO).
Development of Deflection Angle Stabilizing System for Balancing Robot
Authors: Fedorov Dmitry , Ivoilov Andrey , Zhmud Vadim , Trubin Vitaly
Published: June 2021

This paper performs determination of a mathematical model of the balancing robot, its linearization and algorithm for calculation of stabilization of the deflection angle from the vertical modal method. This algorithm also makes determination of the angle of deviation from the use of either alpha-beta filter and the angle of rotation of the wheels by means of encoders.
Enhanced pool boiling heat transfer on soft liquid metal surface
Authors: Cao Chun-Lei , He Xiao-Tian , Ma Xiao-Jing , Xu Jin-Liang ,   Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China,   Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System, Ministry of Education, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
Published: June 2021

Pool boiling is a high-efficient energy transfer method through the gas-liquid phase transition. It has the characteristics of small heat transfer temperature difference and high heat flux density. The current enhancement of boiling heat transfer is realized mainly through modifying the solid heating surface. So far, there has been no report on the study of pool boiling heat transfer on soft surfaces. Therefore, in this work the pool boiling heat transfer performances of ethanol on the copper surface and soft liquid metal surface are investigated experimentally. The experimental results indicate that soft surface can effectively reduce the wall superheat corresponding to the onset of boiling (ONB). In saturation boiling, the superheat of the wall surface at ONB is reduced by nearly 12 ℃, while the heat transfer coefficient is improved by 149%. It is found that soft surface enhances pool boiling heat transfer performance significantly by increasing nucleate site density, reducing the bubble departure diameter, and increasing bubble departure frequency. Unlike the copper surface, the soft surface deforms elastically under the action of the vertical component of surface tension γlvsinθ at the three-phase contact line of the vapor bubble. From the perspective of surface energy analysis, the difference in surface energy ΔELM between before and after bubble departure on soft liquid metal surface is smaller than in smooth surface ΔECS. The potential barrier of the soft surface is smaller than of the copper surface, and the buoyancy required for bubble separation is small, and the bubble is easy to separate. Elastocapillary wave and bubble jet phenomenon on the soft surface are observed particularly, which are generated on liquid metal under the action of elastic restoring force. The fluctuation of elastocapillary wave contributes to the enhancement of heat and mass transfer in thermal boundary layer and the generation of residual nucleation site. The residual bubble grows up rapidly and coalesces with the rising large bubble, forming bubble jet phenomenon. Elastocapillary wave and bubble jet contribute to the enhancement of pool boiling heat transfer on soft liquid metal surface.
Atomic, molecular, charge manipulation and application of atomic force microscopy
Authors: Li Yan , Zheng Qi , Chang Xiao , Huang Li , Lin Xiao , Cheng Zhi-Hai , Gao Hong-Jun ,   Nanoscale Physics and Devices Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China,   School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,   Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100049, China
Published: June 2021

In this review paper, we introduce representative research work on single atomic/molecular manipulations by atomic force microscopy (AFM), which possesses extraordinary ability to resolve atomic and chemical bonds, and charge density distributions of samples. We first introduce the working principle of AFM, then focus on recent advances in atom manipulation at room temperature, force characterization in the process of atom/molecule manipulation, and charge manipulation on insulating substrates. This review covers the following four aspects: 1) the imaging principle of AFM and the atomic characterization of typical molecules such as pentacene and C60; 2) the mechanical manipulation and atomic recognition capability of AFM at room temperature; 3) the characterization of forces in the process of surface isomerization and adsorption configuration changes of the molecules; 4) the manipulation of charge states and the characterization of single and multiple molecules on insulating substrates. The capability of manipulation by AFM in these fields widens the range in atomic/molecular manipulation, which can provide new and well-established schemes for the analysis and precise control of the manipulation process, and can further contribute to the construction of nanoscale devices, such as “molecular switches” and storage components.
Forholdet mellom politikk og administrasjon – Hva kan vi lære fra en norsk småkommune?
Authors: Bjørnå Hilde
Published: June 2021

Denne artikkelen handler om forholdet mellom politikk og administrasjon i små politisk-administrative systemer. Den er eksplorerende og setter empirisk fokus på en kommune. Formålet er primært å identifisere noen hypoteser om typiske utfordringer i forholdet mellom politikk og administrasjon, og å få rikere kunnskap om forholdet. Artikkelen gir innblikk i litteratur om administrativ makt og kommenterer kort noen nyere nordiske reformeksempler, den går inn på nøkkelaktørers fortellinger om utfordringer i forholdet og setter på bakgrunn av dette fram noen hypoteser om forholdet mellom politikk og administrasjon i små politisk-administrative systemer. Den avslutter med noen refleksjoner om hva funn fra dette studiet kan ha å si for kommuners legitimitet og tilpasning av nye reformer.
Young migrant students’ motivators and drive for obtaining education
Authors: Lindvig Inger Kjersti , Svenni Trine
Published: June 2021

This article investigates how students from migrant backgrounds describe their motivators and drive for obtaining an education. It is based on a qualitative study of 17 young people aged 16-24. All are students in combination classes at a large upper-secondary school in Eastern Norway and are recent arrivals in Norway with little prior education. Half aspire to higher education, while the others are applying for vocational training. In this article, we link these educational ambitions to four forms of motivation. The immigrant motivator relates to high academic expectations among parents and other family members. In addition to the immigrant motivator, there is what we refer to as the middle-class motivator, where parents of low socio-economic status exert influence in a way that can be understood as a kind of middle-class behaviour. The world-citizen motivator encompasses the students’ desires to contribute by giving something back to their home countries, the host country, and the global community. The opportunity motivator is linked to the efforts of the school community to provide an inclusive and facilitative environment for this group of students. Schools that offer adapted and differentiated teaching, customized to the needs of individual students, as with combination classes, seem to function as important protective factors.
Digital Consumer Health: Negotiating Multiple Voices in the Clinical Consultation
Authors: Lea Kjersti , Hjörleifsson Stefán , Swinglehurst Deborah
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we explore what may happen when people who are ostensibly “well” bring data from digital self-tracking technologies to medical consultations. On the basis of a fictional case narrative, we explore how multiple “voices”, in a Bakhtinian sense of the term, inscribed in the self-tracking devices are activated, negotiated, evaluated and re-imagined in the context of care. The digital metrics “speak” precision, objectivity and urgency in ways that challenge conventional, normative understandings of doctors’ professional role and the patient-doctor relationship.Our theorizing is firmly grounded in our professional experience and informed by recent research on self-tracking, Mol’s research on the ways in which technology has become integral to medical care, Bakhtinian theory and medical professionalism, and it contributes to current professional debates regarding medical overuse and its potential to harm patients. Further research is needed to illuminate the consequences of digital self-tracking technologies for patient-professional consultations in practice.
Negotiating Goals: Exploring the Dialogue Between Professionals and Patients in Team-Meetings
Authors: Christiansen Bjørg , Slomic Mirela
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study is to explore the negotiation of goals in team meetings with patients within a specialized rehabilitation context: What characterizes the dialogue between professionals and patients in goal meetings? Despite agreement in the literature that the patients’ perspectives and participation are significant in goal setting processes, there seem to be few studies on characteristics of the dialogue in such meetings with patients. The data derived from audio-recorded observations of three team meetings with various health care professionals and patients within rehabilitation services. The method can be characterized as a theme-oriented discourse analysis, which is a qualitative method for analyzing how language constructs professional practice. The analysis identifies two main themes: 1. Reviewing goals: from standardized readings to everyday language. 2. Setting meaningful goals. The article discusses characteristics of the patients´ participation in the dialogue, and how professionals de-emphasize inherent power inequalities in the negotiation of goals.
The Swedish People’s Awareness of The Public Sector Information Directive – a Pilot Study
Authors: Svärd Proscovia
Published: June 2021

This article is based on a pilot study that investigated the Swedish people’s awareness of the Swedish Public Sector Information (PSI) directive, their understanding of the difference between the PSI-directive and the Public Access Act and whether they had the prerequisite skills required for the use of the Public Sector Information (PSI). Sweden has a long tradition of readily access to official documents which could have delayed the implementation of the European PSI-directive that was enacted in 2003. Sweden implemented its Public-Sector Information (PSI) directive in 2010. The Directive focuses on the commercialization of government information to create an information market and to promote innovation. In Sweden, the PSI directive is intrinsically linked to the e-Government development policy. The study applied a literature review and interviews as data collecting techniques. Sixteen interviews were conducted with varying occupations such as students, a personnel manager, a head of a unit, a doctoral student, a pensioner, a clinical research associate, a workers’ union employee, a web designer, two archivists, a head of an archival institution, an associate professor, a receptionist, and two shoemakers. The conclusion is that there is a need to create awareness about the PSI directive, offer training, and to create an IT infrastructure and projects to promote information about the PSI to avoid a societal a digital divide. The reviewed literature confirmed that PSI usage is still concentrated in the hands of a few citizens that is, those that are already digitally empowered. The study had limitations since it based on a limited number of respondents which means that the results cannot be generalized.
Spatial Co-integration and Speed of Adjustment among Rice Markets in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Chhiddikur , Rahaman Md. Shajedur , Sarkar Md. Abdur Rouf , Islam Mohammad Ariful
Published: June 2021

The structure of co-integration, the pace of adjustment, and the causal markets are investigated using horizontal price integration among five main rice markets in Bangladesh. The null hypotheses were tested using Johansen and Juselius co-integration test and vector error correction model. In Bangladesh, wholesale price volatility in the rice sector has been rising over time. The findings of the study revealed that the rice markets in Bangladesh are perfectly cointegrated. The leading rice markets are Chattagram and Rajshahi, while Khulna is the price taker, which adjusts prices with all other rice markets. Any price shock in the Chattagram and Rajshahi markets takes one to two months for other markets to adjust. The findings also illustrate the value of steering policy efforts in Bangladesh rice markets toward reducing price instability and improving pricing efficiency.
Effects of Inquiry- Based Learning Approach on Learning Achievement and Learning Satisfaction among Grade Four Students towards Science
Authors: Tshering Sonam , Yangden Pema
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Inquiry based learning approach on learning achievement and learning satisfaction among grade 4 students in science. The study used a quasi-experimental design. A clustered random sampling was used to select 2 sections out of 3 sections of grade four students. The research instruments implemented were achievement test, questionnaire and observation form were used to collect the data. The experiment was carried out for 5 consecutive weeks. The statistics used for data analysis were mean, standard deviation, paired and independent t-test. The analysis of the result on learning achievement showed that there was a significant difference between the means of pretest and posttest and paired t-test also gave the significant value of p=0.00 (<0.05). Similarly, the overall mean of the student learning satisfaction was 4.61 which indicated that students were extremely satisfied with inquiry based learning approach. The results of the data showed that the Inquiry-based learning approach was effective in achieving high scores and as well the learning satisfaction of the students in science.
Local Gin: Through the Lens of Ogogoro Consumers
Authors: Adakporia Kennedy Ajiroghene Osakwe
Published: June 2021

Globally, several studies had established the effects of local gin in human subjects through laboratory, analytical, experimental and objective research methods. There is however a balancing need to investigate the effects from the prism of the consumers.

Aim: To explore the pattern of consumption and effects of prolonged consumption of Ogogoro through a participatory model seeking the opinion of consumers.

Methodology: Cross section survey of one hundred (100) consumers of Ogogoro with informed consent obtained from respondents.

Results Study revealed that Ogogoro has a significant potential to cause heavy drinking as evidenced by 93% of respondents consumes 90mls to 180 mls daily and 88% consumes to oblige uncontrolled cravings. Significant secular and socio-economic effects were found to be quarrelsome, poor physical appearance, always broke, stigmatization, seen as public nuisance and low circle of friends. Conversely, there were low affirmations for loss of job, poor job performance, fighting and loss of friends. Notably, physiological and health effects were found to be excessive urination; loss of weight, excessive sleeping and appetite for food.

Conclusion: While the government had adopted a punitive stance, the author opines advocacy on the potential effects and prevention of Ogogoro would be an achievable primordial strategy for potential consumers. Treatment and rehabilitation of existing consumers could aid as a remedial recovery. Upskilling of brewers and modification of the physico-chemical formulae to make less harmful could bring pragmatic solutions.
In‐Built Quasi‐Solid‐State Poly‐Ether Electrolytes Enabling Stable Cycling of High‐Voltage and Wide‐Temperature Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Chen Yong , Huo Feng , Chen Shimou , Cai Weibin , Zhang Suojiang
Published: June 2021

Developing solid‐state electrolytes with good compatibility for high‐voltage cathodes and reliable operation of batteries over a wide‐temperature‐range are two bottleneck requirements for practical applications of solid‐state metal batteries (SSMBs). Here, an in situ quasi solid‐state poly‐ether electrolyte (SPEE) with a nano‐hierarchical design is reported. A solid‐eutectic electrolyte is employed on the cathode surface to achieve highly‐stable performance in thermodynamic and electrochemical aspects. This performance is mainly due to an improved compatibility in the electrode/electrolyte interface by nano‐hierarchical SPEE and a reinforced interface stability, resulting in superb‐cyclic stability in Li||Li symmetric batteries (>4000 h at 1 mA cm−2/1 mAh cm−2; >2000 h at 1 mA cm−2/4 mAh cm−2), which are the same for Na, K, and Zn batteries. The SPEE enables outstanding cycle‐stability for wide‐temperature operation (15–100 °C) and 4 V‐above batteries (Li||LiCoO2 and Li||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2). The work paves the way for development of practical SSMBs that meet the demands for wide‐temperature applicability, high‐energy density, long lifespan, and mass production.
The First Improper Ferroelectric of 2D Multilayered Hybrid Perovskite Enabling Strong Tunable Polarization‐Directed Second Harmonic Generation Effect
Authors: Ma Yu , Wang Jiaqi , Guo Wuqian , Han Shiguo , Xu Jinlong , Liu Yi , Lu Lei , Xie Zhenda , Luo Junhua , Sun Zhihua
Published: June 2021

2D organometallic halide perovskites are recently emerging as a robust family of ferroelectrics, of which their inherent spontaneous polarization (Ps) endows fascinating quadratic nonlinear optical properties. However, up to date, few studies are reported to tune and control the second harmonic generation (SHG) effect in this ferroelectric branch. Herein, the first improper ferroelectric of 2D multilayered hybrid perovskites, (IA)2(EA)2Pb3Br10 (1, where IA is isoamylammonium and EA is ethylammonium), which exhibits a high Curie temperature (≈371 K) and biaxial ferroelectricity with Ps of 2.2 µC cm−2 is reported. Strikingly, its unique in‐plane ferroelectricity allows strong tunable SHG properties under the polarized‐light. That is, the maximum SHG signals are observed with polarized‐light parallel to Ps, while the minimum SHG appears along the vertical direction. This SHG anisotropy creates an extremely large dichroism ratio of ≈12, as visualized by 2D color mapping, which is the record‐high merit for this type of SHG systems. To the best knowledge, this is the first time to achieve tunable SHG effects through ferroelectric polarization. As a pioneering study, the coupling between the SHG effect and ferroelectricity paves a new direction of 2D hybrid perovskite ferroelectrics toward smart optical device applications.
Regulating Dendrite‐Free Zinc Deposition by 3D Zincopilic Nitrogen‐Doped Vertical Graphene for High‐Performance Flexible Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Cao Qinghe , Gao Heng , Gao Yong , Yang Jie , Li Chun , Pu Jie , Du Junjie , Yang Jiayu , Cai Dongming , Pan Zhenghui , Guan Cao , Huang Wei
Published: June 2021

The rapidly growing demand for wearable and portable electronics has driven the recent revival of flexible Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs). However, issues of dendrite growth and low the flexibility of Zn metal anode still impede their practical application. Herein, 3D nitrogen‐doped vertical graphene nanosheets in situ grown on carbon cloth (N‐VG@CC) are proposed to enable uniform Zn nucleation, thereby obtaining a dendrite‐free and robust Zn anode. The introduced zincopilic N‐containing groups in N‐VG effectively reduce the Zn nucleation overpotential by enhancing the interaction between Zn2+ ion and carbon substrate, as confirmed by density functional theory calculations, thus achieving uniform distribution of Zn nucleus. Moreover, the 3D nanosheet arrays can homogenize electric distribution, which optimizes the subsequence Zn deposition process and realizes the highly reversible Zn plating/stripping process. Consequently, the as‐prepared Zn@N‐VG@CC anode exhibits an improved overall electrochemical performance compared with Zn@CC. As a proof‐of‐concept application, the high‐performance Zn@N‐VG@CC electrodes are successfully employed as anodes for coin and flexible quasi‐solid‐state ZIBs together with MnO2@N‐VG@CC (deposited MnO2 nanosheets on N‐VG@CC) as cathodes. More importantly, the flexible ZIB exhibits impressive cycling stability with 80% capacity retention after 300 cycles and outstanding mechanical flexibility, indicating a promising potential for portable and wearable electronics.
Hierarchically Responsive Tumor‐Microenvironment‐Activated Nano‐Artificial Virus for Precise Exogenous and Endogenous Apoptosis Coactivation
Authors: Yang Jin , Song Linjiang , Shen Meiling , Gou Xinyu , Bai Liping , Wang Li , Zhang Wenli , Wu Qinjie , Gong Changyang
Published: June 2021

Targeting apoptotic pathways in tumor cells is recognized as a potent anticancer strategy. However, monotherapies that target a single apoptotic pathway often do not meet expectations and the nonspecific and uncontrolled activation of apoptotic pathways can overshadow potential application prospects. Here, a novel tumor‐microenvironment‐activated nano‐artificial virus (TMAN) with hierarchically responsive capacity is fabricated and loaded with the plasmid encoding tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) and mitochondria‐targeted red fluorescent phototoxic protein (KillerRed) simultaneously for precise and controllable exogenous and endogenous apoptosis coactivation. The inert TMAN is endowed with in vivo longevity and undergoes orderly acidity‐triggered deshielding of a masking layer, enzyme‐responsive charge‐reversal, and oxidative stress‐sensitive structural fragmentation in the tumor extra/intracellular microenvironment to exert precise tumor recognition, deep penetration, cellular internalization, rapid endosomes escape, and effective gene release ability, leading to the effective and tumor‐specific delivery of payloads. Given the virtues of TMAN, a favorable collaboration of TRAIL‐triggered exogenous apoptosis and mitochondria‐targeted KillerRed induced endogenous apoptosis is achieved synchronously under the control of light irradiation, thus remarkably improving antitumor efficacy with minimal toxicity. Taken together, this strategy highlights the significance of exogenous and endogenous apoptosis coactivation in cancer treatments and offers a promising paradigm for precise exo/endogenous dual‐augmented antitumor therapy.
Ultrapermeable Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity Containing Spirocyclic Units with Fused Triptycenes
Authors: Bezzu C. Grazia , Fuoco Alessio , Esposito Elisa , Monteleone Marcello , Longo Mariagiulia , Jansen Johannes Carolus , Nichol Gary S. , McKeown Neil B.
Published: June 2021

Polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs), such as the archetypal spirobisindane‐based PIM‐1, are among the most promising new materials for making gas separation membranes with high permeance for potential use in high‐throughput applications. Here it is shown that ultrapermeable PIMs can be prepared by fusing rigid and bulky triptycene (Trip) to the spirobisindane (SBI) unit. PIM‐SBI‐Trip and its copolymer with PIM‐1 (PIM‐1/SBI‐Trip) are both ultrapermeable after methanol treatment (PCO2 > 20 000 Barrer). Old films, although less permeable, are more selective and therefore provide data that are close to the recently redefined Robeson upper bounds for the important CO2/CH4, CO2/N2, and O2/N2 gas pairs. Temperature‐dependent permeation measurements and analysis of the entropic and energetic contributions of the gas transport parameters show that the enhanced performance of these polymers is governed by strong size‐sieving character, mainly due to the energetic term of the diffusivity, and related to their high rigidity. Both polymers show a relatively weak pressure‐dependence in mixed gas permeability experiments up to 6 bar, suggesting a potential use for CO2 capture from flue gas or for the upgrading of biogas.
A Checkpoint‐Regulatable Immune Niche Created by Injectable Hydrogel for Tumor Therapy
Authors: Li Qian , Zhao Zhipeng , Qin Xiaohan , Zhang Mengzhu , Du Qian , Li Zhonghao , Luan Yuxia
Published: June 2021

Current programmed death‐1 ligand (PD‐L1)‐based therapy focuses on local tumors. However, circulating exosomal PD‐L1 possesses inherent anti‐PD‐L1 blockade resistance and dominates tumor metastasis, playing a critical role in systemic immunosuppression. Therefore, the efficacy of immune checkpoint therapy depends on simultaneously decreasing tumoral and circulating exosomal PD‐L1. However, such therapeutic platforms have never been reported so far. Herein, a PD‐L1 checkpoint‐regulatable immune niche created by an injectable hydrogel is reported to reprogram PD‐L1 of both tumor and circulating exosomes. Oxidized sodium alginate‐armored tumor membrane vesicle (O‐TMV) as a gelator, with Ca2+ channel inhibitor dimethyl amiloride (DMA) and cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) inhibitor roscovitine formed hydrogel (O‐TMV@DR) in vivo, work as an antigen depot to create an immune niche. O‐TMV chelates Ca2+ within the tumor environment and DMA continuously prevents cellular Ca2+ influx, suppressing Ca2+‐governed exosome secretion with decreased exosome number. Roscovitine not only down‐regulates tumor cell PD‐L1 expression along with decreasing exosomal PD‐L1 expression inherited from parental tumor cells via a genetic blockade effect, but also blunts the cascade connection between PD‐L1 up‐regulation and interferon‐γ stimulation, achieving down‐regulated PD‐L1 expression in both tumor cells and exosomes. Therefore, a full‐scale reprogramming of both tumoral PD‐L1 and exosomal PD‐L1 is achieved, offering an innovative immune checkpoint‐regulatable cancer immunotherapy
Extracellular Matrix Stiffness Regulates DNA Methylation by PKCα‐Dependent Nuclear Transport of DNMT3L
Authors: Zhao Xin‐Bin , Chen Yun‐Ping , Tan Min , Zhao Lan , Zhai Yuan‐Yuan , Sun Yan‐Ling , Gong Yan , Feng Xi‐Qiao , Du Jing , Fan Yu‐Bo
Published: June 2021

Extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness has profound effects on the regulation of cell functions. DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification governing gene expression. However, the effects of ECM stiffness on DNA methylation remain elusive. Here, it is reported that DNA methylation is sensitive to ECM stiffness, with a global hypermethylation under stiff ECM condition in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and embryonic fibroblasts compared with soft ECM. Stiff ECM enhances DNA methylation of both promoters and gene bodies, especially the 5’ promoter regions of pluripotent genes. The enhanced DNA methylation is functionally required for the loss of pluripotent gene expression in mESCs grown on stiff ECM. Further experiments reveal that the nuclear transport of DNA methyltransferase 3‐like (DNMT3L) is promoted by stiff ECM in a protein kinase C α (PKCα)‐dependent manner and DNMT3L can be binding to Nanog promoter regions during cell–ECM interactions. These findings unveil DNA methylation as a novel target for the mechanical sensing mechanism of ECM stiffness, which provides a conserved mechanism for gene expression regulation during cell–ECM interactions.
Nanotexture Shape and Surface Energy Impact on Electroadhesive Human–Machine Interface Performance
Authors: Li Xinyi , Ma Yuan , Choi Changhyun , Ma Xuezhi , Chatterjee Sitangshu , Lan Shoufeng , Hipwell M. Cynthia
Published: June 2021

With the ubiquity of touch screens and the commercialization of electroadhesion‐based surface haptic devices, modeling tools that capture the multiphysical phenomena within the finger–device interface and their interaction are critical to design devices that achieve higher performance and reliability at lower cost. While electroadhesion has successfully demonstrated the capability to change tactile perception through friction modulation, the mechanism of electroadhesion in the finger–device interface is still unclear, partly due to the complex interfacial physics including contact deformation, capillary formation, electric field, and their complicated coupling effects that have not been addressed comprehensively. A multiphysics model is presented here to predict the friction force for finger–surface tactile interactions at the nanoscale. The nanoscopic multiphysical phenomena are coupled to study the impacts of nanotexture and surface energy in the touch interface. With macroscopic friction force measurements as verification, the model is further used to propose textures that have maximum electroadhesion effect and minimum sensitivity to relative humidity and user perspiration rate. This model can guide the performance improvement of future electroadhesion‐based surface haptic devices and other touch‐based human–machine interfaces.
High Thermal Conductivity in Multiphase Liquid Metal and Silicon Carbide Soft Composites
Authors: Kong Wilson , Wang Zhongyong , Casey Nathan , Korah Mani M. , Uppal Aastha , Green Matthew D. , Rykaczewski Konrad , Wang Robert Y.
Published: June 2021

Thermal interface materials based on room temperature liquid metals (LMs) are promising candidates for improving thermal management of flexible electronics, microelectronics packaging, and energy storage devices. However, use of these materials is limited by their corrosivity and reactivity. Here, the fabrication and thermal characterization of multiphase soft composites consisting of LM and non‐reactive silicon carbide (SiC) particles that are either uncoated or Ag‐coated (Ag‐SiC) are demonstrated. The LM‐SiC (and LM‐Ag‐SiC) mixtures show thermal conductivities approaching 50 W m–1 K–1 at 40 vol% particles. Corrosion issues with aluminum‐based components are addressed through a multiphase composite consisting of hybrid LM‐Ag‐SiC fillers in a silicone oil matrix. This composite achieves an effective thermal conductivity of 9.9 W m–1 K–1 with a particle:LM:oil volumetric ratio of 30:20:50 (or intrinsic thermal conductivity of 17 W m–1 K–1 when accounting for contact resistance). It is shown that the Ag‐coating plays a critical role in these oil‐based composites by preventing LM de‐wetting during blending. Upon mechanical compression, the LM thermally‐bridges the solid fillers together within the oil matrix and thereby improves thermal performance. This insight into processing of LM‐based materials opens additional avenues for designing thermally conductive soft composites.
Nanostructured Zirconium‐Oxide Bioceramic Coatings Derived from the Anodized Al/Zr Metal Layers
Authors: Fohlerova Zdenka , Kamnev Kirill , Sepúlveda Marcela , Pytlicek Zdenek , Prasek Jan , Mozalev Alexander
Published: June 2021

Here, zirconium‐oxide ceramic coatings comprising arrays of 3D nanostructures are electrochemically synthesized, ranging in shape, size, spacing, and population density, termed as the nanomounds (ø≈65 nm), nanopillars (ø≈130 nm), and nanostumps (ø≈220 nm). The nanostructured coatings, alongside a flat ZrO2 anodic film, are explored as a potential biomaterial in experiments with Saos‐2 cells. All coatings reveal no cytotoxicity to living cells. The population density and spreading area of the cells, being the largest on the flat film, slightly decrease with increasing nanostructure dimensions. The cells progressively proliferate on all the surfaces, the nanomounds and, especially, nanopillars promoting the best viabilities and proliferation rates. The flat, nanomound, and nanopillar coatings promote the well‐defined organizations of actin filaments across the entire cell bodies with no disruption in the cytoskeletal network and the mature large dash‐shaped focal adhesions. The highest activity of alkaline phosphatase and the biggest deposition of a mineralization‐competent extracellular matrix occur on the nanopillar array, the other nanostructures showing a better result than the flat coating, though. The differences, paradoxes, and regularities in the cell responses are explained through the detailed consideration of the coating morphologies, surface chemistries, and processes at the cell/surface interfaces.
Multicolor Carbon Dots Prepared by Single‐Factor Control of Graphitization and Surface Oxidation for High‐Quality White Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Zheng Yuxin , Arkin Kamile , Hao Jiawei , Zhang Siyi , Guan Wei , Wang Lingling , Guo Yingna , Shang Qingkun
Published: June 2021

In a reaction system of asparagine and p‐phenylenediamine, blue, green, orange, and red carbon dots (CDs) are successfully prepared by adjusting the ratio of the two reactants. The obtained multicolor CDs have excellent stable properties and high fluorescence quantum yields (up to 74%). Clarifying the luminescence mechanism of multicolor CDs is based on the investigation of the composition, structure, and fluorescence properties of the CDs combined with quantum chemistry calculations. A high‐quality white light‐emitting diode (LED) with CIE color coordinates (0.33, 0.33) is successfully fabricated using a multicolor CD‐epoxy resin composite, and its color temperature and color rendering index are 5612 K and 94, respectively. It is of great significance to prepare multicolor CDs with high fluorescence quantum yields by single‐factor control. Using multicolor CDs to fabricate standard white LEDs close to sunlight will significantly increase the practical application value of CDs.
Tailored Disorder in Photonics: Learning from Nature
Authors: Rothammer Maximilian , Zollfrank Cordt , Busch Kurt , von Freymann Georg
Published: June 2021

Disorder and photonics have long been seen as natural adversaries and designers of optical systems have often driven systems to perfection by minimizing deviations from the ideal design. Especially in the field of photonic crystals and metamaterials but also for optical circuits, disorder has been avoided as a nuisance for many years. However, starting from the very robust structural colors found in nature, scientists learn to analyze and tailor disorder to achieve functionalities beyond what is possible with perfectly ordered or ideal systems alone. This review article covers theoretical and materials aspects of tailored disorder as well as experimental results. Furthermore selected examples are highlighted in greater detail, for which the intentional use of disorder adds additional functionality or provides novel functionality impossible without disorder.
Manipulation of the Optical Properties of Colloidal 2D CdSe Nanoplatelets
Authors: Zhang Zitong , Sun Handong
Published: June 2021

Driven by the unique optoelectronic features arising from the strong quantum confinement along the thickness direction, rapid development of CdSe‐based nanoplatelets (NPL) has accomplished facile bandgap tunability over a broad spectrum via different preparation protocols or various postsynthesis treatments. The anisotropic geometry of NPLs also stimulates the exploitation of self‐assembled CdSe NPL superstructures to enhance light extraction efficiency in display technologies and achieves polarized lasing performance or even electrically pumped laser by adjusting the transition dipole orientation. Although several review articles about the general optical properties of CdSe NPLs have been published, none of them focus on the ability of spectral tunability and precise control of orientations in the solid‐state phase of CdSe NPLs. Herein, the band structure engineering approaches in the CdSe NPL family are systematically summarized and the optical properties and device performance metrics of these deliberately engineered NPLs are compared. Then, the recent advanced studies of the motivation and assembly methods of geometrically anisotropic CdSe NPL superlattices are discussed. Finally, the current challenges and future outlook on the controlled modification of optical features and the influences of the approaches in the aspect of CdSe NPL–based devices’ performance are highlighted.
Gold‐Catalyzed Carbocyclization/C=N Bond Formation Cascade of Alkyne‐Tethered Diazo Compounds with Benzo[c]isoxazoles for the Assembly of 4‐Iminonaphthalenones and Indenes
Authors: Bao Ming , Xie Xiongda , Hu Wenhao , Xu Xinfang
Published: June 2021

A gold‐catalyzed carbocyclization/C=N bond formation cascade reaction has been developed for the synthesis of polyfunctionalized 4‐iminonaphthalenones and indenes in good to high yields under mild reaction conditions. The reaction goes through 5/6‐endo‐dig diazo‐yne carbocyclization to form the endocyclic vinyl carbene species from corresponding alkyne‐tethered diazo compounds, followed by electrophilic addition/N−O bond cleavage/aromatization sequence with benzo[c]isoxazoles, which features a C=N bond formation process. In addition, the resulting products could be converted into multi‐substituted 2‐naphthol derivatives in high yields.

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