bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cosmo: Um ambiente virtual de aprendizado com foco no Ensino de Algoritmos
Authors: Rabêlo Júnior Dilson José Lins , Soares Neto Carlos de Salles , Raposo Antonio Carlos , Dos Santos Neto Luis Alves
Published: January 2020

Um dos principais problemas enfrentados pelos cursos de graduação naárea de informática é a alta taxa de desistência prematura. Deve-se então considerar o papel crítico da disciplina de algoritmos, já que tal disciplina é o primeiro contato que o discente possui com programação de computadores. Tornar o ensino de programação mais prático é um desafio e o processo de ensino-aprendizagem tem contado com o auxílio da tecnologia para construções de ferramentas. O Cosmo é um ambiente virtual de aprendizado, multitarefa e extensível a plugins, focado em atividades voltada ao estudo da disciplina de algoritmos. A proposta deste trabalho se insere no contexto do projeto do Cosmo, apresentando sua arquitetura e funcionalidades, como elas foram concebidas e estruturadas.
Kahoot!: um relato de experiência no contexto acadêmico
Authors: Diniz Luciana Mara Freitas , Ferreira Fischer
Published: January 2020

A utilização de mídias digitais no contexto educacional apresenta uma abordagem diferenciada e interativa, podendo auxiliar nos processos de avaliação e aprendizagem discente. Este estudo descreve uma experiência que se deu em meio acadêmico e teve como amostragem alunos brasileiros de Ciência da Computação. Seu objetivo foi validar o uso da ferramenta Kahoot! enquanto tecnologia educacional. Na ocasião, foram utilizadas questões sobre raciocínio lógico e computacional, a nível de graduação. Como resultados, os alunos perceberam que a ferramenta é interessante e estimula a aprendizagem de forma diferente e divertida.
Gene Polymorphisms That Predispose Women for Down Syndrome Child Birth
Authors: Ghosh Sujay , Ghosh Papiya
Published: January 2020

Down syndrome caused by presence of extra chromosome 21 originates from nondisjunction during parental gametogenesis. For overwhelming cases, the error occurs in oocyte and all the nondisjunction events are not stochastic. With increasing number of research efforts, it has come to know that maternal genetic architecture may be considered as risk factors for chromosomal errors. Polymorphisms of the genes involved in chromosome segregation, recombination and folic acid metabolisms have been investigated for their association with Down syndrome child birth. But the results are conflicting owing to ethnic and sociocultural differences. Here, we have discussed and summarized the outcome of the studies conducted on different population sample from different parts of world and tried to figure out the common polymorphisms, which could be used as makers for preconceptional screening of Down syndrome child birth risk among the women.
Ion Channels and Transporters as Cancer Biomarkers and Targets for Diagnostics with Antibodies
Authors: Iorio Jessica , Duranti Claudia , Lastraioli Elena
Published: January 2020

Cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease in terms of both response to therapy and prognosis. The introduction of molecular tools and antibodies had a great impact on cancer management in recent years for both cancer diagnosis and therapy. Ion channels and transporters (ICT) are membrane proteins aberrantly expressed in several human cancers. ICT can now represent potential cancer biomarkers as well as targets for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. In particular, we will discuss about the potential role of ICTs as biomarkers for solid cancers (evaluated either by immunohistochemistry or molecular biology techniques) and the potential use of antibodies for diagnosis.
Snakebite Therapeutics Based on Endogenous Inhibitors from Vipers
Authors: Aoki-Shioi Narumi , M. Modahl Cassandra
Published: January 2020

Venomous snakebite is a major human health issue in many countries and has been categorized as a neglected tropical disease by the World Health Organization. Venomous snakes have evolved to produce venom, which is a complex mixture of toxic proteins and peptides, both enzymatic and nonenzymatic in nature. In this current era of high-throughput technologies, venomics projects, which include genome, transcriptome, and proteome analyses of various venomous species, have been conducted to characterize divergent venom phenotypes and the evolution of venom-related genes. Additionally, venomics can also inform about mechanisms of toxin production, storage, and delivery. Venomics can guide antivenom and therapeutic strategies against envenomations and identify new toxin-derived drugs/tools. One potentially promising drug development direction is the use of endogenous inhibitors present in snake venom glands and serum that could be useful for snakebite therapeutics. These inhibitors suppress the activity of venom proteases, enzymatic proteins responsible for the irreversible damage from snakebite. This book chapter will focus on insights from venomous snake adaptations, such as the evolution of venom proteases to generate diverse activities and snake natural resistance to inhibit activity, and how this information can inform and have applications in the treatment of venomous snakebite.
The Wearable Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Authors: Magnusson Peter , V. Pergolizzi Joseph , Ann LeQuang Jo
Published: January 2020

The wearable cardioverter-defibrillator (WCD) is a rechargeable external device that can be worn under the clothing all day long and protects the wearer from potentially life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias. When a dangerous arrhythmia is detected, the WCD can deliver high-energy shocks. The WCD has been shown to be effective in accurately detecting and appropriately treating ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF). It is intended for temporary use as a bridge to an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), heart transplantation, or left ventricular assist device; patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction may benefit from the WCD while their condition improves. It can be used temporarily after explant of an ICD until reimplantation is deemed possible. In select patients with myocardial infarction, a WCD may be useful during the immediate period after infarction. It is indicated for use when a permanently implanted ICD must be explanted because of infection; the patient can use the WCD until the infection resolves, and a new ICD can be implanted. The role of the WCD is emerging as an important therapeutic option to protect patients at elevated risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD).
Accident Tolerant Materials for LMFR
Authors: Sergeevich Okunev Viacheslav
Published: January 2020

Several concepts of fast reactors with liquid metal coolant (LMFR) are being developed in the world. Lead-cooled reactors are most preferred for the safe nuclear power of the future. Projects of such reactors are being developed in Russia (BREST), the European Union (the latest development is ALFRED), and the USA (a series of STAR low-power reactor designs). The potential capabilities of fuel, coolant, and structural materials considered for use in the core to increase safety have not been exhausted. There are still unused reserves that can significantly increase the self-protection of the reactor. This chapter presents the results of the analysis of the use of new types of nuclear fuel: based on ceramics and beryllium and ceramics and uranium nanopowder. Studies are being conducted on the possibility of optimizing the composition of lead coolant without isotope separation. The possibilities of improving the safety of LMFR with a coolant based on lead extracted from thorium ores are being investigated. The possibility of using tungsten coatings of the cladding of fuel pins deposited using low-temperature plasma spraying is analyzed. The composition of materials was optimized in terms of improving reactor safety. The proposed innovations will significantly increase the self-protection of the reactor from the totality of severe accidents.
Restoration of Cervical and Lumbar Lordosis: CBP® Methods Overview
Authors: A. Oakley Paul , M. Moustafa Ibrahim , E. Harrison Deed
Published: January 2020

Low back and neck pain disorders are among the leading causes for work loss, suffering, and health care expenditures throughout the industrialized world. It has been extensively demonstrated that sagittal plane alignment of the cervical and lumbar spines impacts human health and well-being. Today there are reliable and predictable means through the application of extension spinal traction as part of comprehensive rehabilitation programs to restore the natural curvatures of the spine. High-quality evidence points to Chiropractic BioPhysics® (CBP®) methods offering superior long-term outcomes for treating patients with various craniocervical and lumbosacral disorders. CBP technique is a full spine and posture rehabilitation approach that incorporates mirror image® exercises, spinal and postural adjustments, and unique traction applications in the restoration of normal/ideal spinal alignment. Recent randomized controlled trials using CBP’s unique extension traction methods in conjunction with various conventional physiotherapeutic methods have demonstrated those who restore normal lordosis (cervical or lumbar) get symptomatic relief that lasts up to 2 years after treatment. Comparative groups receiving various ‘cookie-cutter’ conventional treatments experience only temporary symptomatic relief that regresses as early as 3 months after treatment. The economic impact/benefit of CBPs newer sagittal spine rehabilitation treatments demand continued attention from clinicians and researchers alike.
Ontology and Perception
Authors: Galko Jeffrey S. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

The ontological question of what there is, from the perspective of common sense, is intricately bound to what can be perceived. The above observation, when combined with the fact that nouns within language can be divided between nouns that admit counting, such as ‘pen’ or ‘human’, and those that do not, such as ‘water’ or ‘gold’, provides the starting point for the following investigation into the foundations of our linguistic and conceptual phenomena. The purpose of this paper is to claim that such phenomena are facilitated by, on the one hand, an intricate cognitive capacity, and on the other by the complex environment within which we live. We are, in a sense, cognitively equipped to perceive discrete instances of matter such as bodies of water. This equipment is related to, but also differs from, that devoted to the perception of objects such as this computer. Behind this difference in cognitive equipment underlies a rich ontology, the beginnings of which lies in the distinction between matter and objects. The following paper is an attempt to make explicit the relationship between matter and objects and also provide a window to our cognition of such entities.
Perceptual Experience, Conscious Content, and Non-Conceptual Content
Authors: Kriegel Uriah ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

One of the promising approaches to the problem of perceptual consciousness has been the representational theory, or representationalism. The idea is to reduce the phenomenal character of conscious perceptual experiences to the representational content of those experiences. Most representationalists appeal specifically to non-conceptual content in reducing phenomenal character to representational content. In this paper, I discuss a series of issues involved in this representationalist appeal to non-conceptual content. The overall argument is the following. On the face of it, conscious perceptual experience appears to be experience of a structured world, hence to be at least partly conceptual. To validate the appeal to non-conceptual content, the representationalist must therefore hold that the content of experience is partly conceptual and partly non-conceptual. But how can the conceptual and the non-conceptual combine to form a single content? The only way to make sense of this notion, I argue, leads to a surprising consequence, namely, that the representational approach to perceptual consciousness is a disguised form of functionalism.
Animal Rights and Environmental Wrongs
Authors: Perry Dan ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

Alien species are considered by conservation biologists to be a major threat to biodiversity. To deal with alien invasions, they often recommend completely eradicating the invasive species. Animal rights groups have continually opposed eradication campaigns, sometimes successfully. One such case was the attempted eradication of the grey squirrel from northern Italy.
The Moral Value of Animals
Authors: Aaltola Elisa ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

As it comes to animal ethics, broad versions of contractualism are often used as a reason for excluding animals from the category of those with moral value in the individualistic sense. Ideas of “reciprocity” and “moral agency” are invoked to show that only those capable of understanding and respecting the value of others may have value themselves. Because of this, possible duties toward animals are often made dependent upon altruism: to pay regard to animals is to act in an other-regarding manner instead of mutual benefit. There are three main versions of altruism in animal ethics. The first one of these is the most traditional, and emphasises benevolence as a source of moral regard. The second concentrates on the notion of value, and claims that animals have value in the individualistic sense despite being incapable of moral agency. The third resists overt theory-dependency, often included in the second version, and concentrates more on the elements of “context” and “identification”. Out of these, a combination of the last two is identified as the most fruitful basis for altruistic animal ethics.
If the Truth Be Told of Techne
Authors: Latchford Frances ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

Here lies the real problem of moral knowledge that occupies Aristotle in his ethics. For we find action governed by knowledge in an exemplary form where the Greeks speak of techne. This is the skill, the knowledge of the craftsman who knows how to make some specific thing. The question is whether moral knowledge is knowledge of this kind. This would mean that it was knowledge of how to make oneself. Does man learn to make himself what he ought to be, in the same way that the craftsman learns to make things according to his plan and will.
Technology: History and Philosophy
Authors: Lee Keekok ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

It is sometimes remarked that while the preoccupation with the history of technology is a mature and well-established discipline, the preoccupation with the philosophy of technology is at best recent, and at worst considered as marginal in academic terms. In contrast, its relative, the philosophy of science is eminently respectable and unquestioningly accepted by the philosophical community.This paper, first, briefly sets out the historical relationship between science and technology in the West. Against such a context, it then looks at the epistemological values and goals embedded respectively in the philosophy of science and the philosophy of technology, to consider their overlap as well as their differences. It uses the study of genetics, its two revolutions in the twentieth century – classical Mendelian genetics and DNA molecular genetics – as an example to demonstrate these points of similarities and differences, thereby also establishing that the philosophy of technology is indeed a serious preoccupation.
An Extreme Example?
Authors: Gratton Peter ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

With Eichmann in Jerusalem, we have, I would admit, a most unlikely case study for use in a business ethics classroom. The story of Eichmann is already some sixty years old, and his activities in his career as a Nazi were far beyond the pale of even the most egregious cases found in the typical business ethics case books. No doubt, there is some truth to the fact that introducing Eichmann’s story into an applied ethics class would inevitably depict an unseemly analogy between the practices of latter day corporations and the bureaucracy of the Nazi era. My argument here, though, is that the story of Adolf Eichmann, as depicted in Hannah Arendt’s well-known Eichmann in Jerusalem, offers a philosophically cogent account of judgment and ethical decision-making that future business managers and employees would do well to heed. Indeed, Eichmann in Jerusalem, originally a series of press accounts for New Yorker magazine, deserves consideration alongside the Aristotle’s Nichomachean Ethics, Kant’s Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, and other classic ethics texts in a business ethics syllabus. This is not to say that Arendt’s work is uncontroversial; there are serious questions to be raised about both her depiction of Eichmann and her conclusions about “the banality of evil.” Nevertheless, her account of ethics, which, with its account of ethical duties and its case study of Eichmann’s character, shows both its Aristotelian and Kantian influences, is a warning to readers who would conflate morality with state laws and their duties with the needs of superiors. In short, I argue that, despite her well-known critique of modern large scale economies and her general avoidance of discussions of post-industrial corporations, Arendt may be a business ethicist of the first order.
The Right to Choose
Authors: May H. E. , Wigand J. S. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

Pursuant to the Doctrine of Consumer Sovereignty, we believe that tobacco companies should be compelled to disclose their ingredients so that the public health community can make more informed recommendations in order to protect consumer autonomy and sovereignty. However, a recent decision by the First Circuit precludes such a disclosure since it would be unduly burdensome to the industry, while granting only minimal gains to the public. We argue that many of the Court’s key claims rest on a misunderstanding of the science and chemistry of tobacco products. In our view, a mandatory disclosure of ingredients would more effectively protect the public interest, whilst posing minimal burdens on the tobacco industry.
State Speech vs. Hate Speech
Authors: Weinman Michael ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

This is, indeed, another work on the subject of hate speech regulation in the United States. And yet, it is not just another such work. For my goal here is not to settle the jurisprudential arguments regarding the possibility of any specific hate speech regulation, either extant or yet to be conceived, withstanding a Constitutional test. Nor is it my intention to demonstrate, on the basis of a comparative study of existing legislation, that such regulation either is or is not effective in addressing or redressing the social ills of hatred, discrimination, and inequality. Rather, I will achieve greater analytical clarity about just what the harms of hate speech are. I do so in order to reinvigorate the question about regulation with a new view of what exactly the object needing attention is, by demonstrating that though there are real harms here, the state cannot provide a regulatory remedy (at least qua criminal justice). Thus, in my conclusion I will assert that the question of what we might do differently in response to hate speech can only be answered —however provisionally—insofar as we first confront how we need to think differently about it. Specifically, I will argue that we need to replace the emphasis on redressing harms once they have occurred with a new emphasis on addressing, and ultimately eliminating, the conditions which make those harms possible in the first place.
Good Sex on Kantian Grounds, or A Reply to Alan Soble
Authors: Schulz Joshua ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

Immanuel Kant offers definitions of “sexual desire” and “sexual use” in the Metaphysics of Morals that occasion an inconsistency within his moral system, for they entail that sexual desire, as a natural inclination that is conditionally good, is also categorically objectifying, and thus per se immoral according to the second formulation of the Categorical Imperative. Following Alan Soble, various attempts to resolve the inconsistency are here criticized before more suitable, and suitably Kantian, definitions of these terms are offered. It is argued that these new definitions resolve the inconsistency.
Abstraction
Authors: Bleeker Maaike ,   DePaul University
Published: January 2020

This text elaborates an understanding of abstraction as fundamental to how we think from a closer look at relationships between abstraction, movement, materiality and lived experience. Starting from Whitehead-inspired reflections on ab­straction by Alberto Toscano and Brian Massumi, the differences between their respective readings of his work are shown to be indicative for their different conceptions of the relationships between abstraction, the concrete, and lived experience. The text then continues to elaborate how Alva Noë’s enactive approach to perception illumi­nates the central role of movement and sensorimotor skills in the emergence of abstractions from the continuity of process that is reality, and could contribute to further understanding of the relationship between movement and abstraction as what Massumi describes as the incorporeal dimension of the real. Finally, this text reflects on the potential of movement practices (including dance) and technology to become part of how abstraction is achieved.
The Dilemma of Openness in Social Robots
Authors: Lo Felix Tun Han ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

This paper conducts a philosophical inquiry into past empirical research that reveals emotional coupling and category confusion between the human and the social robot. It examines whether emotional coupling and category confusion would increase or diminish the reification of human emotion and the human milieu by examining whether they fulfill the ideal of openness in technology. The important theories of openness, from the respective proposals of open industrial machines by Gérard-Joseph Christian and Karl Marx, to Umberto Eco’s critique of open art and Gilbert Simondon’s philosophy of open technology, are in agreement that (i) openness is the condition for realizing the potentiality for transcending the existing aesthetic, technical, or social structure, and (ii) that the realization of potentiality would diminish the reification of the human milieu. The therapeutic effect of emotional coupling with social robots seems to fulfill this ideal of open technology, whereas category confusion seems to increase rather than diminish reification. If people confuse the robot with the human, they risk losing sight of the unpredictability of other human beings that is essential to human development. This paper concludes that it is possible to avoid category confusion by building social robots without giving them a human-like appearance.
C&RL Spotlight
Authors: Kaspar Wendi
Published: January 2020

A recent report from The Chronicle of Higher Education on “Views on Academic Innovation” (with a teaser video) caught my attention. Given the forces at work in library scholarship and practice, innovation is one of those topics that I always consider, especially in the context of higher education. Overall, the report (which is really a summary of a round table discussion) brought together several different academic leaders to discuss a number of issues influencing change and innovation on campuses. There were several points made that are particularly relevant to academic libraries, not just as issues with which libraries are struggling but also as potential opportunities for libraries to engage with the larger campus efforts: the barriers to collaboration, the traditional incentives that undermine innovation, and the external forces that provoke a reactive rather than a thoughtful, planned approach.
Internet Reviews
Authors: Roberts Joni R. , Drost Carol A.
Published: January 2020

Institute for Natural ResourcesPartners in Information Access for the Public Health WorkforceSplit This Rock
A "Havana" de Camila Cabello: um estudo da canção, videoclipe e representações latino-americanas
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Moreira Igor Lemos
Published: January 2020

O artigo discute, a partir de referenciais sobre o estudo da canção na História e da História do Tempo Presente, a música Havana (ft. Young Thug) da cantora Camila Cabello, lançada em 2017. Através da articulação entre canção e videoclipe, prehttps://periodicos.udesc.br/index.php/orfeu/article/view/1059652525530404022019143tende-se discutir abordar a música enquanto um processo fluido e relacional em determinados contextos (GONZALEZ, 2016), assim como articuladora de representações em torno da questão latina nos Estados Unidos, a partir das relações com as temporalidades. Como pressuposto teórico-metodológico, parte-se da perspectiva da análise de narrativas para compreender os processos de elaboração de histórias, intrigas e representações por meio de construções simbólicas e da ordenação de temporalidades na canção e em seu clipe. O estudo realizado possibilitou perceber algumas características que envolvem fenômenos da história da música pop contribuindo para a discussão a respeito da música na indústria cultural contemporânea.
Pianistas ou Pianeiros: duas interpretações do tango Fon Fon de Ernesto Nazareth
Authors:   Universidade de Brasília, Zimbres Paula
Published: January 2020

Ernesto Nazareth ocupa posição exemplar nos debates em torno da dicotomia erudito-popular que são cruciais para a compreensão da cultura brasileira ao longo dos séculos XIX-XX. Tendo vivido, segundo Elizabeth Travassos, “no limiar entre os dois mundos”, sua obra, que hoje é parte do repertório canônico tanto de músicos eruditos quanto populares, exemplifica a possibilidade da sobreposição de valores e procedimentos pertinentes a ambas as esferas. Este trabalho analisa duas gravações de sua peça Fon-Fon!(uma de Eudóxia de Barros, datada de 1963, e outra de André Mehmari, em 2013) procurando detectar os recursos interpretativos por meio dos quais cada uma das gravações enfatiza os valores centrais de sua área de atuação – a fidelidade à partitura e à intenção do autor, pela pianistade formação erudita; e a liberdade de expressão pessoal característica do pianeirovinculado à música popular. Concluímos, entretanto, que, ao se pautar por um determinado conjunto de valores, cada um acaba por reforçar e expressar também valores pertinentes ao outro campo.
Uma análise da prática diária de Pacho Flores: aquecimentos e estudos técnicos para trompete
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Gabriel Flavio , Vetromila Clayton
Published: January 2020

O presente artigo apresenta alguns conceitos utilizados por Pacho Flores em sua prática diária do trompete, relaciona- -os aos métodos tradicionais e compara-os à prática realizada por trompetistas brasileiros. Além de gravar e transcrever os exercícios apresentados por Pacho Flores durante o 5º Festival Internacional Sesc de Música, realizou-se uma pesquisa on-line com grupo de trompetistas profissionais e estudantes brasileiros a respeito de suas práticas diárias. As conclusões apontam os possíveis benefícios que um trompetista pode obter ao manter uma prática diária como a de Pacho Flores e, além disso, motivaram a elaboração de um método autoral para a divulgação das ideias desse renomado trompetista.
Igualdad de oportunidades e inclusión educativa en España
Authors: López Rupérez Francisco , Expósito Casas Eva , García García Isabel
Published: January 2020

Existe un consenso internacional creciente que considera la equidad como una característica necesaria, aunque no suficiente, de la calidad de los sistemas educativos. PISA 2015 ha establecido dos pilares fundamentales de la equidad: la igualdad de oportunidades y la inclusión educativa. En lo concerniente a la igualdad de oportunidades, la OCDE ha optado por distinguir las influencias sobre los alumnos procedentes de las circunstancias, por un lado, y del esfuerzo, por otro. De las primeras el estudiante no sería responsable; de la segunda sí lo sería, en virtud de sus elecciones individuales. En cuanto a la inclusión educativa ha establecido una distinción entre la inclusión académica y la inclusión social. El presente trabajo parte de ese mismo marco conceptual, pero enriquece los indicadores de igualdad de oportunidades recurriendo a índices de procesos que mejorarían los resultados de los alumnos operando sobre sus circunstancias desde el ámbito escolar. A partir de las muestras de España y de sus diecisiete comunidades autónomas en PISA 2015, se efectúa la medida de un conjunto amplio de indicadores y se analiza las relaciones entre ellos. De ese conjunto extenso de resultados empíricos se extraen consecuencias relevantes para la mejora del sistema educativo de España y de sus comunidades autónomas en materia de equidad.
Aprendizaje-Servicio en las universidades españolas: un estudio basado en la percepción de los equipos decanales
Authors: Pérez Pérez Cruz , González González Hugo , Lorenzo Moledo Mar , Crespo Comesaña Julia , Belando Montoro María R. , Costa París Ana
Published: January 2020

La tercera misión de la universidad implica devolver a la sociedad parte de lo que de ella recibe. Este modo de entender la relación entre sociedad y universidad supone la implementación de nuevas metodologías de enseñanza-aprendizaje, en las cuales el profesorado deja de ser un mero transmisor de conocimiento, y los estudiantes adquieren un papel activo y crítico en respuesta a las necesidades sociales. El aprendizaje-servicio es una estrategia metodológica que combina la formación teórica en un ámbito de conocimiento con su aplicación a través de la prestación de un servicio a la comunidad. Esta metodología es apropiada para hacer posible la tercera misión de la institución universitaria. El objetivo de este trabajo es comprender la disposición de las facultades y escuelas universitarias de España para promover y crear oportunidades que den lugar a la implementación de proyectos de ApS en sus centros. Entre las conclusiones del estudio cabe destacar la percepción institucional, ya que el uso de esta metodología convierte a la universidad en una institución más abierta, que interactúa con la comunidad y el entorno, ampliando su campo de formación más allá del conocimiento técnico y científico, para brindar un servicio de transformación social.
Risk of phosphorus losses in surface runoff from agricultural land in the Baltic Commune of Puck in the light of assessment performed on the basis of DPS indicator
Authors: Pietrzak Stefan , Pazikowska-Sapota Grażyna , Dembska Grażyna , Dzierzbicka-Glowacka Lidia Anita , Juszkowska Dominika , Majewska Zuzanna , Urbaniak Marek , Ostrowska Dominika , Cichowska Agnieszka , Galer-Tatarowicz Katarzyna
Published: January 2020

Background

In order to counteract the eutrophication of waterways and reservoirs, a basic risk assessment of phosphorus (P) losses in the surface runoff from agricultural land should be included in water management plans. A new method has been developed to assess the risk of P losses by estimating the degree of P saturation (DPS) based on the P concentration of the water extract water-soluble P.

Methods

The risk of P losses in surface runoff from agricultural land in the Puck Commune on the Baltic Sea Coast was assessed with the DPS method. The results were compared to an agronomic interpretation of the soil test P concentration (STP). Research was conducted on mineral and organic soils from 50 and 11 separate agricultural plots with a total area of 133.82 and 37.23 ha, respectively. Phosphorus was extracted from the collected samples using distilled water on all soil samples, acid ammonium lactate on mineral soils, and an extract of 0.5 mol HCl·dm−3 on organic soils. The organic matter content and pH values were also determined. The results of the P content in the water extracted from the soils were converted into DPS values, which were then classified by appropriate limit intervals.

Results and discussion

There was a high risk of P losses from the soil via surface runoff in 96.7% of the agricultural parcels tested (96% of plots with mineral soils and 100% of plots with organic soils). Simultaneously, a large deficiency of plant-available P was found in soils from 62% of agricultural plots. These data indicate that the assessment of P concentration in soils made on the basis of an environmental soil P test conflicts with the assessment made based on STP and create a cognitive dissonance. The risk level of P losses through surface runoff from the analyzed plots as determined by the DPS indicator is uncertain. This uncertainty is increased as the DPS index is not correlated with other significant factors in P runoff losses, such as the type of crop and area inclination.
Characterization of Beach Seine Operations in Pangandaran Beach, Indonesia
Authors: Firman Alfauzi M. , Hamdani Herman , Paraditha Dewanti Lantun , Mahdiana Izza
Published: January 2020

The coastal area in Pangandaran Regency, in general, has been developed as an area for tourism conservation and fisheries activities. Pangandaran beach which facing the oceans has potential in the fisheries sector which is quite potential so that Pangandaran regency is one of the regions in Indonesia that has potential in capture fisheries. There are various types of fishing gear used in fishing activities in Pangandaran, one of them is beach seine. Beach seine is local wisdom that is still maintained in Pangandaran so that this fishing gear is still operated. The purpose of this research is to investigate the operation of beach seine in Pangandaran water. The research was carried out in August 2018 on the East Coast of Pangandaran. The method used in this research is a survey method and analyzed descriptively. The beach seine operation phase is divided into three stages, preparation, stocking nets, and catching catches. The main catches of beach seine in Pangandaran consist of hairtail fish (Trichiurus spp) with an average of 172 fish and white pomfret (Pampus argentus) with an average of 99 fish. The bycatch is 7 species of fish with a total average of 1990 fish. The beach seine in Pangandaran has an average catch rate of 31.05 km/hour.
Seed Coating with Organomineral Fertilizer, an Alternative Method to Improve the Efficiency of Farming
Authors: Priyono Joko , Ketut Sudharmawan Anak Agung
Published: January 2020

Seed and fertilizer are two important farming inputs, which are commonly available and used separately. Combining both materials into a unit of fertilizer-coated seed may improve farming efficiency. However, the appropriate seed coating method must be found out, and this research was the first effort of finding the method. A glasshouse experiment was carried out to identify the growth and yield of the coated seeds of rice and groundnut with organomineral fertilizer in three different sizes, i.e., small (SS), medium (MS), and big sizes (BS). Four sets of experiments were prepared, two of those were for testing two varieties of rice and the others were for testing two varieties of groundnut. Each experiment was laid out in a complete randomized design; the treatment was the size of coated seeds (SS, MS, BS, and a control - uncoated seeds) in triplicates. Results reveal that the seed coating delayed the germination of rice seeds for 2 – 3 days and groundnut seeds for 7 – 16 days, suppressed the growth and yield of rice but improved the growth and yield of groundnut. The highest yield of groundnut was the grown groundnut from the small and medium sizes of coated seeds (weight ratios of 1:4 and 1:9). The reduces of growth and yield of rice were most probably due to the direct contact of the high concentration of nutrients, especially nitrogen, with the seeds. In conclusion, the seed coating with organomineral fertilizer was a potentially developed method to improve farming efficiency. Further efforts were needed to fix the composition of organomineral fertilizer, especially the type N substances used and the steps of applying the materials onto the seeds.
Analysis of Consumers’ Preference for Local Rice among Households in Ekiti State, Nigeria
Authors: T. Ajayi G. , Ajiboye A.
Published: January 2020

Consumers’ preference for local rice determines its demand. Therefore, the study was carried out to analyze consumers’ preference for local rice among households in Ekiti State. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select respondents for this study. A total of 240 women were randomly selected from three Local Government Areas (LGAs) in the State. Primary data were obtained with the use of a well-structured interview schedule. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as inferential statistic like logistic regression. The mean age of the respondents was 38 years and more than half (53.3%) of the respondents were females. Most (70.0%) of the respondents had a mean family size of 7 persons. Most (87.0%) preferred local rice and factors influencing consumers’ preference for local rice include good nutritional value, quality of rice and good taste. Local rice was very much preferred by the respondents. Logistic regression shows that significant influence exists between price, taste, availability of rice and presence of particles and preferred choice of rice. Therefore, efforts should be made by the government to formulate price control policy on local rice for its affordability by the consumers and there should be improvement on processing technology of local rice to eliminate presence of particles for improved quality and good taste to enhance the consumers’ preference for choice of rice. Also, the government should support farmers through provision of incentives and credit facilities so as to produce more local rice for its availability all year round.
Nutritional Quality and Shelf Life of Processed Tomato Juice and Paste Using Rosmarinus officinalis Essential Oil Combined with Low Heat Treatment in Challenged Conditions with Bacillus cereus Spores
Authors: Imani Sibomana C. , L. Sado Kamdem S. , Mushagalusa Nachigera G. , Essia Ngang J. J.
Published: January 2020

Aims: This experiment was done to investigate the effect of adding Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil (REO) in tomato juice and paste during processing in condition of reduced thermal treatment on nutritional qualities and evaluate their postharvest shelf life under Bacillus cereus spore contamination.

Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Microbiology, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon, from January 2017 to June 2018.

Methodology: Total polyphenol content was determined using the Folin Ciocalteu coloric method; the Titatrable acidity and vitamin C content were determined by titration with indicator method. The effect of level of Bacillus cereus contamination, time of thermal treatment and concentration of REO was assessed using a experimental CCD plan. The shelf life was estimated using the storage efficacy of the product on a period of time, and calculated based on the percentage of spoiled products. Data were analysed using XLSLTAT and STATISTICA packages for non-linear regression analyses.

Results: Only 10 min pasteurization at 95°C in the presence of 100ppm of ROE was necessary to totally deactivate 104 Bacillus cereus spores/g in tomato juice while for tomato paste the same concentration of ROE needed 20 min pasteurization at 95°C to totally deactivate up to 108 Bacillus cereus spores/g. Total polyphenols, Titratable acidity and Vitamin C content were affected under this combined processing technique. The storage efficacy of tomato products and hence the extended shelf life was as a result of combined effects between cooking time and microbial load percent reduction that depended on the spore load concentration.

Conclusion: Using Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil can help reduce the thermal impact during tomato juice and paste processing even in condition of high contamination of spores of Bacillus cereus. Moreover in this processing condition, nutritional compounds are not significantly impacted.
Changes in the Activities of Alpha and Gluco-amylases during Malting of Some Improved Nigerian Sorghum Varieties
Authors: Nnamchi Chukwudi I. , O. Okoye Chukwunweike , Ezugwu Arinze L.
Published: January 2020

In this study changes in the alpha and glucoamylase activities of four different improved sorghum varieties were monitored over a 96-hour malting time to determine how the expression of the enzymes were affected by malting. Preliminary tests showed that SK5912 had the highest weight of 40 g/1000 grains and lowest malting loss of about 13%, while KSV 8 followed a weight of 36 g/1000 grains and the most malting loss of 22.6%. Enzyme results showed that the different sorghum varieties differed in their expression of the two of them across different malting regimes. However, all the varieties showed much higher expressions of glucoamylase than α-amylase at all the malting regime. Glucoamylase consistently showed its highest activities of over 71 U/ml across the four sorghum varieties after the first day of germination with variety SRNA giving the highest value slightly above 72 U/ml. The least glucoamylase activities were also given consistently across the four varieties by the unmalted raw grain. The highest α-amylase activities were generally shown across the four varieties after the third day of germination, with variety KSV 8 showing the highest value of about 14 U/ml. The control also gave the least α-amylase activities across all varieties with KSV8 giving the least. Considering the many important and multi-faceted roles that amylases are nowadays known to perform, the study of their expression dynamics in different plants and processes, one of which we report here, could help further the understanding of their characteristics and thus facilitate their maximal utilization.
Isolation and Molecular Identification of Biodeteriogens Isolated from Painted Classroom Wall Surfaces in University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: O. Stanley H. , C. Anele B. , O. Okerentugba P. , M. Immanuel O. , J. Ugboma C.
Published: January 2020

Painted wall surfaces provide breeding ground for diverse microbial flora capable of causing deterioration of the building and progressively impact on the health of inhabitant. This study was undertaken to determine the bacterial and fungal biodeteriogens of painted classroom wall surfaces in University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Bacterial and fungal biodeteriogens were isolated from classroom wall surfaces showing visible signs of deterioration and dampness. Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region of the rDNA was used in the identification of the isolates. The bacterial deteriogens were identified as Myroides odoratus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus sp. and Alcaligenes aquatilis, while fungal deteriogens were identified as Aspergillus nomius and Trametes polyzona. Presence of microorganisms in classroom wall surfaces can impact on air quality of the learning environment.
Open Probability‐Based Panels
Authors: Weiß Bernd , Das Marcel , Kapteyn Arie , Bosnjak Michael , Schaurer Ines
Published: January 2020

Open probability‐based panels (OPP) aim at collecting high‐quality, population‐representative data either solely or partly through online questionnaires. The most salient feature is that they allow external researchers to apply for cross‐sectional as well as longitudinal data collection about various social science topics. All in all, a panel infrastructure is considered open when it is accessible for all academic researchers from any substantive area to field primary studies and when it provides access to the data collected. In this article, we first describe the essential features of OPPs and give a broad overview of some important OPPs, most notably the Open Probability‐based Panel Alliance (OPPA). We then highlight OPPs' primary and secondary research opportunities and discuss issues of recruitment and refreshment. This article concludes with a list of challenges that affect most OPPs and further research opportunities.
Gaussian Quadrature
Authors: Li Ruohong , Wang Honglang , Tu Wanzhu
Published: January 2020

Statistical analysis often requires evaluation of intractable integrals. Gaussian quadrature is a class of numerical methods for integration. In this article, we review the method of Gaussian quadrature and describe its application in statistics. We also briefly discuss the method's implementation in R and SAS.
Treatment Effect and Double Robust Estimator at the Quantiles
Authors: Furno Marilena , Caracciolo Francesco
Published: January 2020

The analysis of treatment effect at various quantiles for two or more treatment conditions is discussed. Treatment effects are estimated using (i) inverse propensity score weights; (ii) unconditional outcome distribution within each group. Through (i) and (ii) the standard double robust estimator is extended to evaluate the treatment effects of binary/multiple treatment options not only on average but also in the tails (quantiles), to assess whether the treatment effect is constant or varies across the quantiles.
Marginal Distribution
Authors: Piegorsch Walter W.
Published: January 2020

Given two random variables
X
and
Y
, the marginal distribution of
Y
is found by summing out or integrating out the probability features of
X
from the joint distribution of
X
and
Y
. Specifics of this operation are described. Extensions to more than two random variables are noted.
Classifying Pseudogout Using Machine Learning Approaches With Electronic Health Record Data
Authors: Tedeschi Sara K. , Cai Tianrun , He Zeling , Ahuja Yuri , Hong Chuan , Yates Katherine A. , Dahal Kumar , Xu Chang , Lyu Houchen , Yoshida Kazuki , Solomon Daniel H. , Cai Tianxi , Liao Katherine P.
Published: January 2020

Objective

Identifying pseudogout in large data sets is difficult due to its episodic nature and a lack of billing codes specific to this acute subtype of calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) deposition disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate a novel machine learning approach for classifying pseudogout using electronic health record (EHR) data.

Methods

We created an EHR data mart of patients with ≥1 relevant billing code or ≥2 natural language processing (NLP) mentions of pseudogout or chondrocalcinosis, 1991–2017. We selected 900 subjects for gold standard chart review for definite pseudogout (synovitis + synovial fluid CPP crystals), probable pseudogout (synovitis + chondrocalcinosis), or not pseudogout. We applied a topic modeling approach to identify definite/probable pseudogout. A combined algorithm included topic modeling plus manually reviewed CPP crystal results. We compared algorithm performance and cohorts identified by billing codes, the presence of CPP crystals, topic modeling, and a combined algorithm.

Results

Among 900 subjects, 123 (13.7%) had pseudogout by chart review (68 definite, 55 probable). Billing codes had a sensitivity of 65% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 22% for pseudogout. The presence of CPP crystals had a sensitivity of 29% and a PPV of 92%. Without using CPP crystal results, topic modeling had a sensitivity of 29% and a PPV of 79%. The combined algorithm yielded a sensitivity of 42% and a PPV of 81%. The combined algorithm identified 50% more patients than the presence of CPP crystals; the latter captured a portion of definite pseudogout and missed probable pseudogout.

Conclusion

For pseudogout, an episodic disease with no specific billing code, combining NLP, machine learning methods, and synovial fluid laboratory results yielded an algorithm that significantly boosted the PPV compared to billing codes.