bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On J-Continuous Functions
Authors: Hejduk Jacek , Loranty Anna , Wiertelak Renata
Published: August 2016

This paper presents the properties of continuous functions equipped with the J-density topology or natural topology in the domain and the range.
Average Operators on Rectangular Herz Spaces
Authors: Espinoza-Villalva Carolina , Guzmán-Partida Martha
Published: August 2016

We introduce a family of Herz type spaces considering rectangles instead of balls and we study continuity properties of some average operators acting on them.
Equi-Cliquishness and The Hahn Property
Authors: Nesterenko Vasyl’
Published: August 2016

We study the joint continuity of mappings of two variables. In particular, we show that for a Baire space X, a second countable space Y and a metric space Z, a map f : X × Y → Z has the Hahn property (i.e., there is a residual subset A of X such that A × Y ⊆ C(f)) if and only if f is locally equi-cliquish with respect to y and {x ∈ X: fx is continuous} is a residual subset of X.
Some Algebraic Properties of Finite Binary Sequences
Authors: Filipczak Małgorzata , Filipczak Tomasz
Published: August 2016

We study properties of differences of finite binary sequences with a fixed number of ones, treated as binary numbers from ℤ (2m).We show that any binary sequence consisting of m terms (except of the sequence (1, 0, . . . , 0)) can be presented as a difference of two sequences having exactly n ones, whenever

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On Semi-Open Sets and Mutual Correspondence Between Properties of Functions Considered with Respect to Different Topological Structures
Authors: Korczak-Kubiak Ewa , Pawlak Ryszard J.
Published: August 2016

At the end of the twentieth century, Á. Császár pointed out the possibility of the transition from topology to generalized topology and vice versa. One of the tools used for this purpose are semi-open sets. In this paper, we investigate properties of functions in GTS in the context of semi-open sets, and problems connected with transfer of properties of functions defined and assuming their values in primal spaces to functions considered as mappings in the spaces generated by primal spaces.
Fubini Property for Microscopic Sets
Authors: Paszkiewicz Adam , Wagner-Bojakowska Elżbieta
Published: August 2016

In 2000, I. Recław and P. Zakrzewski introduced the notion of Fubini Property for the pair (I,J) of two σ-ideals in the following way. Let I and J be two σ-ideals on Polish spaces X and Y, respectively. The pair (I,J) has the Fubini Property (FP) if for every Borel subset B of X×Y such that all its vertical sections Bx = {y ∈ Y : (x, y) ∈ B} are in J, then the set of all y ∈ Y, for which horizontal section By = {x ∈ X : (x, y) ∈ B} does not belong to I, is a set from J, i.e.,

{y ∈ Y : By ∉ I} ∈ J.

The Fubini property for the σ-ideal M of microscopic sets is considered and the proof that the pair (M,M) does not satisfy (FP) is given.
Corrigendum to a Category Analogue of The Generalization of Lebesgue Density Topology
Authors: Wojdowski Wojciech
Published: August 2016

The notion of AI -density point introduced in Wojdowski, W. A topology stronger than the Lebesgue density topology, in: Real Functions, Density Topology and Related Topics, Łódź Univ. Press, 2011, pp. 73-80 [WO1]. leads to the operator ΦAI (A) which is not a lower density operator. We present a counterexample giving a corrected definition which should be used in [WO1] to keep all results valid.
Building a Better Description
Authors: Marcus Sharon , Love Heather , Best Stephen
Published: August 2016

Universally practiced across the disciplines, description is also consistently devalued or overlooked. In this introduction to the special issue “Description Across Disciplines,” Sharon Marcus, Heather Love, and Stephen Best propose that description is a critical practice more complex (and less contradictory) than its detractors have taken it to be. They argue that turning critical attention toward description’s nuances gives us access to the ways that scholars conventionally assign and withhold value and prestige. The authors set forth a number of principles (using their contributors’ essays as a guide) toward the end of “building a better description.”
Histone Deacetylases with Antagonistic Roles inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeHeterochromatin Formation
Authors: Thurtle-Schmidt Deborah M , Dodson Anne E , Rine Jasper
Published: August 2016

As the only catalytic member of the Sir-protein gene-silencing complex, Sir2’s catalytic activity is necessary for silencing. The only known role for Sir2’s catalytic activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae silencing is to deacetylate N-terminal tails of histones H3 and H4, creating high-affinity binding sites for the Sir-protein complex, resulting in association of Sir proteins across the silenced domain. This histone deacetylation model makes the simple prediction that preemptively removing Sir2’s H3 and H4 acetyl substrates, by mutating these lysines to unacetylatable arginines, or removing the acetyl transferase responsible for their acetylation, should restore silencing in the Sir2 catalytic mutant. However, this was not the case. We conducted a genetic screen to explore what aspect of Sir2’s catalytic activity has not been accounted for in silencing. Mutation of a nonsirtuin histone deacetylase, Rpd3, restored Sir-protein-based silencing in the absence of Sir2’s catalytic activity. Moreover, this antagonism could be mediated by either the large or the small Rpd3-containing complex. Interestingly, this restoration of silencing appeared independent of any known histone H3 or H4 substrates of Rpd3. Investigation of Sir-protein association in the Rpd3 mutant revealed that the restoration of silencing was correlated with an increased association of Sir proteins at the silencers, suggesting that Rpd3 was an antagonist of Sir2’s function in nucleation of Sir proteins to the silencer. Additionally, restoration of silencing by Rpd3 was dependent on another sirtuin family member, Hst3, indicating multiple antagonistic roles for deacetylases in S. cerevisiae silencing.
Applying Accompany Model for the Cultural Development of Bunun and Siraya Tribes
Authors: Peng Li-Hsun , Hsueh Chia-Hsin
Published: August 2016

Taiwanese aboriginal cultures have been lightly valued. This study attempts to use the Accompany Model to help the aborigines of the Bunun and Siraya tribes develop their cultural identity. It establishes the design system through education to develop the local aborigines’ traditional craft art, and to advance how the tribes learn and grow together through creative workshops. The Post-Colonialism, Cultural Identity, and Narratology theories were adapted to reach a deeper interaction by “accompanying” aborigines. This not only builds their self-identity but also allows for an understanding of their culture through In-Depth Interviews and Long-Term Participation. Several design projects for the Bunun tribe were created by the researchers who volunteered to initiate creative activities for the Siraya tribe in recent years. This was in response to the growing need to generate a deeper intercultural knowledge of the aboriginal cultural and creative industry in order to preserve their cultural elements for the younger generation and the public. Overall, this research, through a literature review and information about the current status of the investigation and enforcement, focuses on link design, story, and culture integration. This research was undertaken to help the aborigines in Taiwan recognize and value their multicultural heritage. In conclusion, the cultivation of a new aboriginal identity will achieve ethnic harmony locally and globally.
Reducing the Damage of Cyberspace on Young People Through Media Literacy
Authors: Baratali Maryam , Karimi Zohreh , Moghadam Hamed Ramezani , Dehghani Mohamad
Published: August 2016

Nowadays, the development of information and communication technology has a significant role in human life. Fundamental changes due to the emergence of information and communications technologies are considerable in different spheres of individual and social life. Media messages in the era of globalization are the most important contemporary challenges. The aim of this study is to provide an effective approach in reducing damage to young people in virtual space. The research method involved a non-systematic review via a main keyword search in important and useful databases and an extensive literature review. The findings of the study have confirmed that media literacy is an effective approach in reducing the damage of virtual space on the younger generation. One of requirements of globalization is the need for education and training to prepare young people to face the unpredictable challenges of life. Media literacy skills should be included in the education system to deal with the negative effects of media in young people as they are active audiences who perceive messages, decrypt and evaluate them.
An update on the myxomycete biota (Amoebozoa: Myxogastria) of Colombia
Authors: Rojas Carlos , Herrera Natalia , Stephenson Stephen L.
Published: August 2016

Twelve new records of myxomycetes are reported for Colombia. These additions increase the number of myxomycetes known from this country to 108 species. Since the Colombian territory is part of a biodiversity-rich region in the heart of the Neotropics, the present effort may be considered as a minor contribution. However, due to scarcity of myxomycete research in this country and the importance of inventories involving microorganisms for such purposes as restoration ecology and ecosystem functioning projects, the data presented herein represent a necessary contribution to an understudied aspect of tropical ecology.
Amphibia, Anura, Scinax agilis (Cruz and Peixoto, 1983): filling gap and new state record
Authors: Passos Michel De Aguiar , Bruschi Daniel Pacheco , Lima Jonatha , Toledo Luís Felipe
Published: August 2016

We report the presence of Scinax agilis (Cruz and Peixoto, 1983) in the municipality of Areia Branca, state of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil for the first time. This record fills the species distributional gap between the states of Bahia and Alagoas.
Hypsiboas caingua (Carrizo, 1990) (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae): geographic distribution with a new state record in Brazil
Authors: Filho Gilberto Alves de Souza , Lima André Magnani Xavier de
Published: August 2016

Hypsiboas caingua (Hylidae) is found in northeastern Argentina, in eastern Paraguay, and in Brazil is known only from the southeastern and southern states of São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul. In this study we reviewed the geographic distribution of H. caingua, including the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, central-western Brazil among the known distribution of the species.
First record of Stichopathes occidentalis (Gray, 1860) and range extensions of Antipathes atlantica Gray, 1857 (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia) in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Cordeiro Ralf Tarciso Silva , Maranhão Henrique Albuquerque , Lima Suellen Tarcyla da Silva , Pérez Carlos Daniel
Published: August 2016

Twenty-one species of black corals have been recorded in the Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) to date, distributed mainly at depths greater than 20 m. The diversity of these environments along the northern and northeastern coasts of Brazil has been poorly investigated, in particular few information are available for the cnidarian fauna. This note represents the first record of the genus Stichopathes for the southwestern Atlantic Ocean, and also fills in the gaps in the distribution of Antipathes atlantica between the northern and southern coasts of Brazil.
A Non-Planar Iodinated Pyrrole Study
Authors: Valenzuela-Hermosillo E.A. , Pacheco-Sánchez J.H.
Published: August 2016

Non-planar iodinated pyrrole structures were found through DFT calculations of geometry optimization, when doping one pyrrole molecule with iodine atoms. This take us to a new mono-iodinated pyrrole structure in which one pyrrole molecule is attacked with one iodine atom in a pyramidal configuration. Then, the pyrrole molecule was attacked with two and until four optimized linear iodine atoms in a pyramidal structure configuration. The corresponding potential energy curves were also constructed in order to know what kind of adsorption (physisorption or chemisorption) is obtained, considering physisorption as lower than ten kcal/mol, and chemisorption greater than twenty kcal/mol according to the literature. Finally, it is known that halogenated pyrrole is a highly conductive material required in several fields.
SAJSM 1997 No.1
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SAJSM 1997 No.1
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SAJSM 1997 No.4
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SAJSM 1997 No.4
Letter: Guidelines for the outpatient treatment of acute symptomatic pulmonary histoplasmosis in cavers
Authors: Craven SA
Published: August 2016

SA Sports Medicine Vol.15(2) 2003: 27-28
Postrace upper respiratory tract ‘infections' in ultramarathoners — infection, allergy or inflammation?
Authors: Peters EM
Published: August 2016

Despite more than 20 years of research into mechanisms which could result in the increased predisposition of athletes to ‘infection' incidence following excessive and prolonged exercise, definitive explanations are not yet available. A strong temporal relationship between the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection symptoms and immune system changes following excessive exercise load (EEL) have not been shown. T-helper cells are functionally polarised according to the cytokines which they produce. While exercise-induced upregulation of T-helper- 2 (TH2) cells and type 2 cytokines is indicative of enhanced activation of allergic responses, downregulation of T-helper-1 (TH1) cells and type 1 cytokines confirms suppression of cellular immune functions. The current knowledge regarding the exercise-induced kinetics of interleukin (IL)-4, a cytokine that is crucial in the activation of the TH2 cells, does, however, not appear to provide sufficient support for an upregulation of a type 2 response. Lowered or unchanged circulating concentrations of type1 cytokines (IL12, IL-2 and interferon γ) and short-term suppression of lymphocyte, natural killer cell and neutrophil function following EEL, reflect a transient, post-exercise suppression of cellular immunity. Despite a partial dampening thereof by the anti-inflammatory actions of IL-10, IL-1ra and IL-6, the evidence supporting a pro-inflammatory response to prolonged exercise and overtraining is unequivocal. At present, the data appear to support the theory that symptoms of ‘infection' experienced by athletes are the manifestation of a significant pro-inflammatory response, combined with a modest, transient suppression of cellular immune functions which may be clinically insignificant. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol.16(1) 2004: 3-9
ANALISIS PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK PADA KURIKULUM 2013 DI SDN TANJUNGREJO 1 MALANG
Authors: Yuniasih Nury , Ladamay Iskandar , Wahyuningtyas Dyah Tri
Published: August 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan pembelajaran tematik di SDN Tanjungrejo 1 Malang. Subjek penelitian ini adalah guru dan siswa kelas I dan IV SDN Tanjungrejo 1 Malang. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif studi kasus sesuai dengan fokus penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi: wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan pembelajaran tematik di SDN Tanjungrejo 1 Malang sesuai dengan kurikulum tahun 2013, namun masih ada beberapa kendala antara lain: kemampuan guru untuk mengelola kelas besar dan siswa yang belum menguasai keterampilan dasar. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan tematik kelas belajar I dan IV di SDN Tanjungrejo 1 Malang telah dicapai sesuai dengan kurikulum tahun 2013, namun masih memerlukan strategi yang tepat agar dapat dilakukan dengan baik.
EFEKTIVITAS DAN PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI PADA PEMBELAJARAN IPA DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Anam Rif’at Shafwatul
Published: August 2016

Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat efektivitas dan pengaruh pembelajaran inkuiri dengan disertai metode eksperimen pada pelajaran IPA di Sekolah Dasar (SD). Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah One Group pre-tes post-test Design. Jumlah siswa yang diteliti adalah 25 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan meliputi dua aspek yaitu kemampuan kognitif dan keterampilan proses sains siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran inkuiri termasuk ke dalam tingkat efektif sedang dan terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara sebelum dan sesudah belajar dengan model pembelajaran inkuiri pada kedua aspek yang diteliti.
ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN BAHAN AJAR SEJARAH LOKAL LAMPUNG UNTUK SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Siska Yulia
Published: August 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: a) mendeskripsikan tingkat kebutuhan bahan ajar sejarah lokal di Lampung untuk Sekolah Dasar, dan b) mendeskripsikan rumusan bahan ajar sejarah lokal Lampung berbasis budaya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Research and Development yang dimanfaatkan untuk menghasilkan model bahan ajar yang dikembangkan adalah bahan ajar mata pelajaran sejarah, lebih khusus lagi sejarah lokal untuk siswa Sekolah Dasar yang berbasis budaya daerah Lampung. Dari hasil analisis kebutuhan yang diperoleh dari wawancara serta angket guru dan angket siswa, dapat dijabarkan bahan ajar yang diharapkan adalah memuat: adat istiadat, kesenian tradisi (meliputi: seni tari, rupa/kriya, dan musik), tempat bersejarah, kebiasaan dan falsafah hidup, hubungan kekerabatan, cerita rakyat, sistem pemerintahan (kerajaan, kesultanan, keratuan), pahlawan dan kepahlawanan, bahasa, peristiwa sejarah lokal zaman kolonial, peristiwa sejarah lokal zaman kemerdekaan, peristiwa sejarah lokal zaman pascakemerdekaan, peristiwa sejarah lokal masa kontemporer, dan historiografi Lampung dalam media.
MENGINTEGRASIKAN PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA BERBASIS BUDAYA BANTEN PADA PENDIRIAN SD LABORATORIUM UPI KAMPUS SERANG
Authors: Supriadi - - , Arisetyawan Andika , Tiurlina - -
Published: August 2016

This study focused on the characteristics of the development of teaching materials, teachers and students in mathematics learning  based on Banten's culture. The Method which is used in this research are  didactical  Design Research and experimental study, the subject of the study is a second grade of primary school student in the city of Serang  where this research  was taking place in academic year 2015/2016. The study stated that: Characteristics of teachers in mathematics learning  based on Banten’s culture,the teachers have the ability  of metapedagogical skill in preparing the learning process  which are divided into three stages: before, during and after learning. Meanwhile, before learning the subject, The  Students  have to learn more about Banten’s culture, Also They discussed and solved the problems using it. On the last stage,  the students reflected  their knowledge and  shared their impressions after learning.
Investigation of platelet aggregation in patients with laryngeal cancer
Authors: Burlaka Yu. , Gryn N. , Verovka S.
Published: August 2016

A comparative study of the induced platelet aggregation in patients with laryngeal cancer to determine the most revealing informative violations. It was compared evaluation of results of platelet aggregation in the blood plasma of patients with laryngeal cancer compared to the healthy persons. It was found intensification of ADP induced platelet aggregation in the concentration range which was used. At the same time with the increase the number of patients with platelet hyperaggregation reliable platelet decrease in blood and increase of patients with thrombocytopenia at the III-rd stage of laryngeal cancer are observed. In patients with lI-nd and III-rd stage of laryngeal cancer was found increase in the level, rate and aggregation time compared to the healthy persons. The most significant violations observed in the II-nd stage of the cancer process.
Testicular morpho-functional state of immature rats under the effect of gold nanoparticles and ions
Authors: Kalinovskyi V. , Pustovalov A. , Dzerzhynskyi M. , Grodzyuk G. , Andriushina N.
Published: August 2016

Effect of ionic and colloidal gold on the testicular function of immature rats was investigated. It was shown that gold ions promote proliferative processes in the spermatogenic epithelium, and also increase interstitial cells' functional activity. At the same time, gold nanoparticles downregulated testicular endocrine function and slowed down puberty. To sum up, despite of the stimulatory nature of gold, transforming to nanoscale is accompanied by the obtaining of toxic properties.
Folha de rosto
Authors: Diersmann Admin Débora
Published: August 2016

Folha de rosto
Butterfly diversity of Satara Tehsil, District Satara Maharashtra
Authors: P. A. Pawar , V Y Deshpande
Published: August 2016

Butterflies and moths belong to the order Lepidoptera (scaly winged insects)  The butterfly species of family Nymphalidae were identified as indicators of disturbance in any area. In the present study a total of 52 individuals belonging to 9 sub families 28 genera were identified and were recorded. Among which Limenitidiae was found to be the most dominant subfamily followed bySatyrinae. The area of study having rich diversity of butterflies, therefore this study may be of great importance for the conservation ofbutterflies. This study being the pioneer study in the area is of immense importance.
Love for the rails; Paul Theroux’s Travelogues
Authors: Mathews Neema Susan
Published: August 2016

In Paul Theroux’s writings railways do not just provide a background or a theme, but become a functional and structural part of their plot and narration. For Theroux railways offer a cross section of a society.The references in his writings are interesting findings in cultural study. The co-travellers create a temporary cultural aura in the compartment. When the narrator involves in conversation with the co-passengers, he acts as a mediator between the readers and the native. A train is both mobile and stationary at the same time. It is mobile for it takes passengers one place to another, at the same time it offers the traveller a stable platform to observe and socialise. Stating the insignificance of destinations, Theroux invites attention to the ‘being in a train’ experience.

 
New Functions of Higher Education in Achieving Education for all
Authors: Chaurasia Niranjani
Published: August 2016

Higher education is at the top of the education pyramid and determines to a large extent the state of the education system of the country, especially its quality. As such it has a responsibility towards the whole education system as it has towards the whole of society.

The World Conference on Higher Education has one of the missions and functions of higher education: “to contribute to the development and improvement of education at all levels, including through training of teachers.”

Higher education has an important role to play through its graduates who should provide leadership roles in education as researchers, teachers, consultants and managers, who should create and apply new knowledge and innovations, and who should provide analytical perspectives on development problems and service to public and private sectors.

Higher education through its research function could identify the preconditions for a supportive policy context for the development of basic education and explore techniques of mobilizing resources. Through its research, training and service programmes (the three principal functions), it could contribute to build national technical capacity and contribute to strengthening international solidarity.

In particular, to promote basic education for all, higher education through its three principal functions, could improve access and equity in basic education, its quality and relevance and improve its efficiency and management. 
Spatio‐Temporal Nitrogen Fertilizer Response in Maize: Field Study and Modeling Approach
Authors: Albarenque Susana M. , Basso Bruno , Caviglia Octavio P. , Melchiori Ricardo J.M.
Published: August 2016

Maize (Zea mays L.) yield and its response to nitrogen (N) are affected by the spatial variability of the interaction between weather, management, and soil properties. The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate the response of spatial variability of maize yield by homogeneous zones (HZs) to different N fertilizer rates under rainfed conditions, (ii) to test the ability of the SALUS (System Approach to Land Use Sustainability) model to simulate the effects of N rates on maize yield under rainfed and irrigated conditions, and (iii) to estimate spatial and temporal N fertilizer response risk in maize through the use of long‐term simulations. In two field experiments in Parana, Argentina (−31.8333°, −60.5167°) in 2011 (Field 1) and 2012 (Field 2), four fertilization treatments (0, 70, 140, and 210 kg ha−1) were evaluated in different HZs. The SALUS model was used to evaluate spatial variability in yield, N response, and net revenue over the long‐term period (1971–2012). Results showed that yield was significantly affected by N rate (p < 0.01) in both fields and by HZ in Field 2 (p < 0.05), whereas N response was only affected by N rate. Simulated yield was significantly affected by N. The model accounted for the spatial variability, showing HZ effect (p < 0.001) and a significant HZ × N interaction (p < 0.0001). The optimal economic return N rate differed between HZs in both fields. Our procedure demonstrated the ability to improve N management by the selection of appropriate N rates across the field, thereby improving N use efficiency and growers’ profits and reducing the potential for negative environmental impacts.

Core Ideas

Model‐based approach accounted for spatio‐temporal variability of maize N response.

Temporal variability of grain yield, N response, and net revenue increased with N rate.

The N rate required to reach the highest net revenue differed between homogenous zones within fields.

Selecting N rate by homogenous zones might reduce environmental and economic risk.
Chicory Root Yield and Carbohydrate Composition is Influenced by Cultivar Selection, Planting, and Harvest Date
Authors: Wilson Robert G. , Smith John A. , Yonts C. Dean
Published: August 2016

Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is not extensively grown in the USA for fructan production, and there is limited information available on the effect of cultural practices on root yield. Three field experiments were conducted from 1995 through 2002 to determine the influence of planting and harvest date and cultivar on yield and carbohydrate composition of chicory roots. Different chicory cultivars were planted from the first of April through mid‐May and were monitored for plant stand, leaf area, and bolting during the growing season and for root yield in late summer, fall, and the following spring. Roots were characterized for carbohydrate composition with high performance anion exchange chromatography. Plant stands and root yields were similar when chicory was planted in early and mid‐April, but root yields declined 35% when planting date was delayed until mid‐May. Harvest date was closely associated with root yield and total sugar content. Root yields increased 84% from 1 September to 15 November. Total sugar content was 197 mg g−1 fresh weight when roots were harvested in early November. The degree of fructan polymerization (DP) was also influenced by harvest date. The percentage of longer chain‐length fructans increased until the first fall frost (−3°C). Forty‐five days following the first frost, the percentage of longer chain‐length fructans in the DP > 20 category declined from 23 to 13% of the total carbohydrate, and the percentage of shorter chain‐length fructans in the DP 3 to 10 category increased from 36 to 45% of the total carbohydrate. Chicory stand, leaf area, bolting percentage, root yield, total sugar content, and degree of fructan polymerization were influenced by cultivar selection. Results from 7 yr of research indicated that chicory could be successfully grown in western Nebraska.
Evaluation of Soybean, Dry Bean, and Sunflower for Resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Authors: Vuong T. D. , Hoffman D. D. , Diers B. W. , Miller J. F. , Steadman J. R. , Hartman G. L.
Published: August 2016

Many inoculation methods have been used to evaluate resistance of different crops to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. Only a few of these methods have been used to evaluate more than one crop. This study compared disease evaluations of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) inoculated in the greenhouse (cut stem inoculation method) to field evaluations. In one experiment, stems of two soybean cultivars, Williams 82 (susceptible) and NKS19‐90 (partially resistant), were severed and inoculated with a colonized mycelial plug of S. sclerotiorum placed on top of the plant at the cut point of the stem. Stem lesion lengths on these two cultivars were used to determine what effect plant age and post‐infection temperature had on disease development. There was a significant (P < 0.05) difference in lesion lengths between inoculated 5‐wk‐old plants compared with 6‐ or 7‐wk‐old plants within each cultivar. At different post‐infection temperatures, lesions developed at 25°C but not at 30°C. In another experiment, disease rating of 15 soybean cultivars evaluated in the greenhouse and field had significant (P < 0.05) correlation coefficients from 0.53 to 0.79. In addition to soybean, two experiments were completed on dry bean and sunflower. There were significant (P < 0.05) differences in lesion lengths among 14 genotypes within dry bean and sunflower. The correlation between greenhouse and field evaluations of dry bean and sunflower were 0.74 and 0.50 (P < 0.05), respectively. In summary, disease assessments from the cut stem inoculation compared favorably with disease assessments in the field for soybean, dry bean, and sunflower.
Effect of Row Width and Nitrogen on Cotton Morphology and Canopy Microclimate
Authors: Marois James J. , Wright David L. , Wiatrak Pawel J. , Vargas Matthew A.
Published: August 2016

Canopy structure is a function of cultural practices, genetics, and environment; specifically, practices affecting plant row width and soil fertility can change canopy structure. Canopy structure affects canopy microclimate. Canopy microclimate determines the rate of fruit development, pest pressure, and crop response to ambient conditions. The rank growth associated with excess N in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is associated with delay in fruit development and increased boll rot. This study was conducted to determine the effect of ultra narrow row (UNR) planting on canopy microclimate in cotton. Canopy microclimate in UNR cotton (18‐ to 25‐cm row width) and conventional (76‐ to 91‐cm row width) plantings with low N (16.8 kg ha−1 at planting only) or high N (16.8 kg ha−1 at planting and 202 kg ha−1 3 wk after bloom) fertilizer was quantified by monitoring the plant canopy temperature, relative humidity (RH), and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) every 15 min during the growing season. The study was conducted at Quincy, FL, on a Dothan sandy loam soil (fine loamy siliceous, thermic Plinthic Kandiudult) in 2000 and 2001. Plant height and nodes per plant were determined 60, 90, and 120 d after planting (DAP). A split‐plot design was used with row width as the main effect and N rate as subplot. During the hours from 0700 to 1900, temperature was 1 to 2°C higher and RH 3 to 7% lower in the conventional vs. the UNR plantings. In general, N and row width effects did not have as great an impact on canopy microclimate as did plant height. In 2001, when correlations were significant, as plant height increased to 1 m, canopy temperature during the hours of 0700 to 1900 on average decreased from 33 to 25°C, RH increased from 55 to 85%, and VPD decreased from 0.16 kPa to less than 0.08 kPa. In 2002, plants grew much faster and correlations of microclimate and plant height were not observed. Plant height under typical production conditions had more of an effect on canopy microclimate than did plant density or N treatment.
Glucosinolate Content of Camelina Genotypes as Affected by Applied Nitrogen and Sulphur
Authors: Jiang Yunfei , Li Jili , Caldwell Claude D.
Published: August 2016

Camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] is an alternative oil crop that has potential in aquaculture and food production. However, glucosinolates (GSs) in camelina seed and meal constrain their application in human and animal consumption. Glucosinolates are plant secondary metabolites commonly found in the Brassicaceae family. The aims of this study were to determine whether nitrogen (N) alone or in combination with sulphur (S) application affected GS concentration in camelina seeds, as well as whether different genotypes differed in GS concentrations. Our results showed that the application of 25 kg S ha−1 significantly increased GS content compared with 0 kg S ha−1. Applied N rates were negatively correlated with the amounts of total and individual GSs when no S was applied. The low GS content with high N rates was probably due to a dilution effect of S content. Applied N rates did not affect the amounts of total and individual GSs when 25 kg S ha−1 was applied. Seed protein content was negatively correlated with the total GSs depending on growing season and genotype when no S was applied. The cultivar, Calena, had the highest amount of GSs among five genotypes. The results indicated that GSs in camelina can be manipulated by cultural management practices including N and S application.
Assessing interactions between groundwater and surface water in a Pampean stream
Authors: Becher Quinodoz F. , Blarasin M. , Panarello H. , Ducos E.
Published: August 2016

In the south of Córdoba (Argentina), groundwater from the unconfined aquifer, presents scarce suitability due to high values of salts, sulfates, arsenic and fluorides. This situation makes it necessary to explore other possibilities, for example, conjunctive use of groundwater and surface water. The objective of this work was to describe the dynamic and geochemical relationships between surface water and groundwater in the medium-low basin of the Ají stream. The conceptual model was supported by the use of stable 18O/16O and 2H/1H isotopes and it was validated through numerical modeling and 222Rn activity results. The stream water is sodium bicarbonate fresh type (460–1,400 μS/cm). The aquifer presents fresh to salt water (720–14,000 μS/cm), from sodium bicarbonate to sodium chloride type. The isotopic results show that there is a straight mixing line between surface water and groundwater samples. The geochemical numerical modeling revealed that in the mixing models between stream and aquifer, for hydraulically linked samples, the aquifer only provides 2% of the total stream flow. This was validated through 222Rn results, which led us to the estimation of about 2% of groundwater supply in summer.
The ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration in a rainfed maize field on the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Zhou Shanshan , Liu Wenzhao , Lin Wen
Published: August 2016

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a major crop on the Loess Plateau, and calculating the ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration (T/ET) of maize is important for estimating field water balance. In this study, the sap flow method was adopted to measure transpiration (T) characteristics of maize. In order to calibrate the sap flow gauge, the sap flow rate was compared to the leaf T determined by the weighing method. The sap flow value was measured per hour for 3 days and the mean of the hourly values for each day was taken as the daily value to avoid the influence of hydraulic capacitance. There was a significant linear relationship between leaf T and sap flow rate. The slope and intercept of linear regression were 0.764 and 4.944, with an R2 of 0.97 (p < 0.01). We also analyzed the T and ET of maize under field conditions. The T/ET of maize was 63.3% from July to September 2012. The T/ET and leaf area index had a good linear relationship. Partitioning of ET into soil evaporation (E) and T may have important implications for analyzing crop water use efficiency, evaluating the crop production potential of precipitation and optimizing field water management.
Improvement of As(III) removal with diatomite overlay nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI-D): adsorption isotherm and adsorption kinetic studies
Authors: Pojananukij Nusavadee , Wantala Kitirote , Neramittagapong Sutasinee , Lin Chitsan , Tanangteerpong Duangkanok , Neramittagapong Arthit
Published: August 2016

Nanoscale zero-valent iron coated on diatomite (nZVI-D) was successfully synthesized as a composite material. It is the combination of nZVI and diatomite which has been proved to be a promising material in arsenite or As(III) removal. The result showed that 25.5% of As(III) was removed using diatomite only but more than 95% of As(III) was removed using nZVI-D, at the same contact time of 60 min and pH 6. The experimental isotherm data for As(III) adsorption at different initial concentrations were analyzed using the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich equations. Among these three, the equilibrium data fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm. The kinetic adsorption was also studied using the pseudo-first, second-order, and intraparticle diffusion equations. The data were well explained by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. From the results of kinetic adsorption and the adsorption isotherm, it can be concluded that arsenite adsorption was controlled by the mass transfer and adsorption process.
Investigation and control of seawater intrusion in the Eastern Nile Delta aquifer considering climate change
Authors: Abd-Elhamid Hany F.
Published: August 2016

Seawater intrusion is considered one of the main processes that degrade water quality by raising salinity. Over-pumping and decreasing recharge are considered the main causes of saltwater intrusion. Moreover, climate change and sea-level rise accelerate saltwater intrusion. In this paper SEAWAT code was used to study groundwater flow and seawater intrusion in the Eastern Nile Delta aquifer considering four scenarios of climate change including sea-level rise, increasing abstraction, decreasing recharge and the combination of these scenarios. The results showed that decreasing recharge has a significant effect on seawater intrusion. However, the combinations of these scenarios resulted in harmful intrusion and loss of groundwater. The soil salinity increased, which decreased agricultural production. The control of seawater intrusion and protection of groundwater resources and soil is very important. Different scenarios were implemented to protect the aquifer from seawater intrusion including decreasing abstraction, increasing recharge, abstracting brackish water and the combination of these three scenarios. The abstraction of brackish water gave a higher reduction of seawater intrusion and decreased groundwater table in the aquifer near the shore line, which protected the soil from salinity and increased agricultural production. However, the combination of these three scenarios gave the highest reduction of seawater intrusion.
O critical legal studies como forma de explicar a injustiça ambiental
Authors: Fernandes Manuela Braga
Published: August 2016

A justiça ambiental é um movimento de distribuição equitativa de ônus e bônus da explora- ção do meio ambiente. Da mesma forma, pode significar a atuação do Poder Judiciário no sentido de garantir efetividade do cumprimento da legislação ambiental. Assim, justiça ambiental pode ser a jurisprudência que se constrói no dia a dia para promover a proteção do meio ambiente. Por essa razão, a figura do magistrado tem um papel relevante na garantia da justiça ambiental, na medida em que é ele o efetivador da norma de proteção ao meio ambiente. O propósito do presente trabalho é tomar o referencial do Critical Legal Studies para compreender as decisões judiciais contrárias à proteção do meio ambiente. O CLS e seu conceito de ideologia dominante podem explicar o fenômeno das decisões opostas à manutenção do meio ambiente sadio. O teste para essa problemática vai ser a análise do caso do condomínio Alamoana, empreendimento imobiliário na cidade de João Pessoa.
Lançando um olhar empírico sobre a justiça restaurativa: alguns desafios a partir da experiência inglesa
Authors: Rosenblatt Fernanda Fonseca
Published: August 2016

Já na década de 1990, Andrew Von Hirsch, analisando os “ideais restaurativos”, lançou um convite aos restaurativistas: para ele, a literatura sobre justiça restaurativa precisava, há época, não de mais entusiasmo, mas de mais reflexão. A verdade é que, ainda hoje, revisões mais aprofundadas da literatura restaurativa também revelam a necessidade de novos esforços no sentido de traçar uma linha divisória mais nítida entre a autenticidade empírica dos apelos restaurativos e seus apelos normativos. Nesse sentido, entre os anosde 2010 e 2013, realizou-se pesquisa empírica, de cunho qualitativo, para explorar o envolvimento comunitário nos youth offender panels (painéis de jovens infratores), como é denominado o modelo inglês de utilização de práticas restaurativas com adolescentes em conflito com a lei. Neste estudo de caso, a coleta de dados compreendeu mais de 120 entrevistas com as partes envolvidas no processo, observação de quase 40 painéis e exame de centenas de documentos relacionados. O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar os principais achados, de modo a destacar alguns desafios associados à operacionalização dos ideais restaurativos.
Evaluation of Some Fungicides and Bio-Agents against Sclerotium rolfsii and Foot and Root Rot Disease of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)
Authors: Nuray Alam Siddique Mohammad , Noman Faruq Ahmmed Abu , Golam Hasan Mazumder Md. , Khaiyam M O , Rafiqul Islam Md.
Published: August 2016

Two experiments were conducted in a complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications to evaluate the efficacy of some fungicides and bio-agents against foot and root rot of eggplant. Ten treatments including five fungicides, two plant extracts, one poultry manure and an antagonist were evaluated against the disease and its causal agent. Fungicides and plant extracts were sprayed at the base of each plant and adjacent soil at 40, 50 and 60 days after transplanting (DAT). Poultry manure and bio-agent were applied to the soil before transplanting. The highest reduction of mycelium growth (74.44 %) and sclerotia production (77.13 %) were recorded in Bavistin 50 WP by poison food technique. Topgan 50 WP and Ridomil Gold also had similar effects. The lowest incidence (7.10 %) of foot rot was observed in Bavistin 50 WP at 120 DAT that was similar with Topgan 50 WP and Ridomil Gold. The lowest disease severity (stem lesion area)  was also found in each of Bavistin 50 WP (0.71 cm) and Topgan 50 WP which resulted in  higher yield (18.07 ton/ha). Application of bio-agent (Trichoderma harzianum) also showed promising effect against foot and root rot disease. Bavistin 50 WP is therefore recommended for controlling the foot and root rot of eggplant.The Agriculturists 2016; 14(1) 92-97
Faster Force-Directed Graph Drawing with the Well-Separated Pair Decomposition
Authors: Lipp Fabian , Wolff Alexander , Zink Johannes
Published: August 2016

The force-directed paradigm is one of the few generic approaches to drawing graphs. Since force-directed algorithms can be extended easily, they are used frequently. Most of these algorithms are, however, quite slow on large graphs, as they compute a quadratic number of forces in each iteration. We give a new algorithm that takes only O ( m + n log n ) time per iteration when laying out a graph with n vertices and m edges. Our algorithm approximates the true forces using the so-called well-separated pair decomposition. We perform experiments on a large number of graphs and show that we can strongly reduce the runtime, even on graphs with less than a hundred vertices, without a significant influence on the quality of the drawings (in terms of the number of crossings and deviation in edge lengths).
Vibrations and Spatial Patterns Change Effective Wetting Properties of Superhydrophobic and Regular Membranes
Authors: Ramachandran Rahul , Nosonovsky Michael
Published: August 2016

Small-amplitude fast vibrations and small surface micropatterns affect properties of various systems involving wetting, such as superhydrophobic surfaces and membranes. We review a mathematical method of averaging the effect of small spatial and temporal patterns. For small fast vibrations, this method is known as the method of separation of motions. The vibrations are substituted by effective force or energy terms, leading to vibration-induced phase control. A similar averaging method can be applied to surface micropatterns leading surface texture-induced phase control. We argue that the method provides a framework that allows studying such effects typical to biomimetic surfaces, such as superhydrophobicity, membrane penetration and others. Patterns and vibration can effectively jam holes and pores in vessels with liquid, separate multi-phase flow, change membrane properties, result in propulsion, and lead to many other multiscale, non-linear effects. Here, we discuss the potential application of these effects to novel superhydrophobic membranes.
A Highly Efficient Dual Rotating Disks Photocatalytic Fuel Cell with Wedged Surface TiO2 Nanopore Anode and Hemoglobin Film Cathode
Authors: Yang Chen , He Yi , Li Kan , Ying Diwen , Yao Ye , Tang Tiantian , Wang Yalin , Jia Jinping
Published: August 2016

In this study, a dual rotating-disk photocatalytic fuel cell using TiO2 on Ti plate with a wedged surface as the anode and hemoglobin (Hb) on graphite as the cathode was investigated and found to show excellent performance of simultaneous organic pollutant degradation and electricity generation. This study is based on a well-developed photocatalytic fuel cell equipped with dual rotating disks for wastewater treatment that we developed previously, and the innovation of this new device is using a hemoglobin on graphite cathode for in situ hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation. The result proved with confidence that H2O2 was generated in situ on a cathode surface with the exited electron transferred from organic oxidation in a photoanodic half cell, and the organic pollutants were removed by the reaction with H2O2 and ·OH in a cathodic half cell. This design uses the invalid excited electron from the photoanode and enhances the overall performance of Rhodamine B degradation compared with the cells using the cathode without Hb. Compared with traditional photocatalytic reactors, the photocatalytic fuel cell developed above shows much better utilization efficiency of incident light and a higher degradation performance of organic pollutants and a larger photocurrent.
X-ray Diffraction: A Powerful Technique for the Multiple-Length-Scale Structural Analysis of Nanomaterials
Authors: Giannini Cinzia , Ladisa Massimo , Altamura Davide , Siliqi Dritan , Sibillano Teresa , De Caro Liberato
Published: August 2016

During recent decades innovative nanomaterials have been extensively studied, aiming at both investigating the structure-property relationship and discovering new properties, in order to achieve relevant improvements in current state-of-the art materials. Lately, controlled growth and/or assembly of nanostructures into hierarchical and complex architectures have played a key role in engineering novel functionalized materials. Since the structural characterization of such materials is a fundamental step, here we discuss X-ray scattering/diffraction techniques to analyze inorganic nanomaterials under different conditions: dispersed in solutions, dried in powders, embedded in matrix, and deposited onto surfaces or underneath them.