bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physiotherapy in the Prevention of Falls in Elderly People
Authors: Souza Jefferson Iago de Arruda e , Nazario Maristela Prado e Silva , Derze Olyvia Ribeiro , Bergamim Juliana Santi Sagin Pinto , Pletsch Ariane Hidalgo Mansano , Ferrari Aline
Published: September 2019

AbstractBrazil has around 14 million elderly and, in a certain area of the big cities, this population already exceeds the mark of 20%. As the person ages the risk of falls increases. One in every three people above 65 years of age suffer from some type of fall at least once a year. The objective of this study was to identify the aging factor in humanity, the risk factors in falling in the elderly and consider information about the physiotherapy role in the senior patients treatment who suffer with injuries caused by falls. A bibliographic survey was held with the use of databases of the virtual library SciELO, Pubmed and Redalic from 2007 to 2017. Among the changes resulting from aging, the ones that generate postural instability are the locomotor, sensory and nervous changes, limiting the coordination and control of postural balance, called intrinsic factors. In this sense, physical therapy has been acting in the = prevention, promotion, maintenance, and rehabilitation of pathologies affecting the elderly, extending the functional independence of this group. Based on these definitions it was possible to pinpoint prospects for the health performance in the mitigation of the effects of this event, as well as reduce the high hospital expenditures of the elderly to the public health.Keywords: Physiotherapy. Aging. Accidents caused by Falls. Elderly.ResumoO Brasil tem cerca de 14 milhões de idosos e, em determinada área das grandes cidades, esta população já ultrapassa a marca dos 20%. À medida que a pessoa envelhece o risco de quedas aumenta. Uma em cada três pessoas acima de 65 anos de idade sofrem algum tipo de queda pelo menos uma vez por ano. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar o fator de envelhecimento na humanidade, os fatores de risco na queda em idosos e considerar informações sobre o papel desempenhado da fisioterapia no tratamento de pacientes sênior que sofrem com lesões causadas por quedas. Realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico com a utilização dos bancos de dados da biblioteca virtual SciELO, Pubmed e Redalic de 2007 a 2017. Dentre as alterações decorrentes do envelhecimento, as que mais geram instabilidade postural são as alterações no aparelho locomotor, sensorial e nervoso, limitando a coordenação e o controle do equilíbrio postural, chamados de fatores intrínsecos. Nesse sentido, a fisioterapia vem atuando na prevenção, promoção, manutenção e reabilitação de patologias que acometem o idoso, prolongando a independência funcional deste grupo. Com base nessas definições foi possível apontar perspectivas para a atuação da saúde na mitigação dos efeitos deste evento, bem como reduzir o alto gasto hospitalar destes idosos para a saúde pública.Palavras-chave: Fisioterapia. Envelhecimento. Acidente por Quedas. Idoso.
Karaciğer sirozunda serum von Willebrand faktörü düzeyleri İle hepatik yetmezlik derecesi arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi
Authors: GÜNAY Süleyman , YILDIRIM Mustafa , PAKÖZ Zehra Betül , ÇEKİÇ Cem
Published: September 2019

Giriş ve Amaç: Karaciğer sirozu olan hastalarda, karaciğer yetmezliği derecesi ve prognozun ön görülmesinde günümüzde Child-Pugh ve MELD (model of end stage liver disease) skorları kullanılmaktadır. Asıl olarak hemostazın sağlanmasında rol oynayan von Willebrand faktörün, karaciğer hastalıklarında serum düzeyi artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada sirozlu hastalarda serum von Willebrand faktör düzeyleri ile Child-Pugh, MELD ve sodyum-MELD skorları karşılaştırılarak von Willebrand faktörünün prognostik değerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya karaciğer sirozu olan 41 hasta alındı. Çalışmada değerlendirilen skorlama sistemlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla klinik ve laboratuvar parametreleri kaydedildi. Takiben serum von Willebrand faktör düzeyleri ile Child-Pugh, MELD ve sodyum-MELD skorları arasında korelasyon analizleri yapıldı. Serum von Willebrand faktörün prognostik değerinin belirlenmesi amacı ile ROC analizi yapıldı. Bulgular: Hasta grubunda yapılan analizde median serum von Willebrand faktör düzeyi 176  olarak bulundu. von Willebrand faktör düzeyleri ile Child-Pugh, MELD ve sodyum-MELD skorları arasında yapılan korelasyon analizinde; pozitif yönlü anlamlı bir korelasyon saptanmadı. Subgrup analizlerde; von Willebrand faktör ile serum bilirübin ve von Willebrand faktör düzeyleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edildi. Sonuç: Bu çalışmadan elde edilen veriler ışığında; serum von Willebrand faktör düzeylerinin, karaciğer sirozunun şiddetinin belirlenmesinde ve prognozun ön görülmesinde etkili bir belirteç olduğuna dair yeterli kanıta ulaşılamamıştır.
FABRICATION of n-ZnO:Mn/p-Si HETEROJUNCTION DIODES and ITS I-V, C-V CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: AKSOY Seval
Published: September 2019

To investigate the effects of
Mn dopant on n-ZnO/p-Si device performance, ZnO films were produced in
different Mn dopant by the sol gel spin coating method. Morphological
properties of the films were studied by emission scanning electron microscopy
(FESEM). Then, the n-ZnO:Mn/p-Si heterojunction diodes were fabricated. The
diode parameters were determined by current-voltage (I-V) measurements. The  values of the diodes were found to be 8.38,
6.84 and 3.87, respectively, for the diodes produced using undoped, 1% Mn doped
and 3% Mn doped ZnO films. At the same time, electrical parameters were
determined to compare by using Cheung and Norde methods. According to the
evaluation of  values obtained by different methods, an
improvement on the rectifying properties of the ZnO diode with Mn dopant has
been observed. In the continuation of the study, the photovoltaic properties of
the heterojunction diodes have been studied. The results obtained at different
illumination intensities showed that the diodes are sensitive to light. Capacitance-voltage
(C-V) measurements of the fabricated diodes are also investigated in detail.
Landscape Factors that Influence European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) Nest Box Occupancy at NASA Plum Brook Station (PBS), Erie County, Ohio, USA
Authors: Pfeiffer Morgan B. , Seamans Thomas W. , Buckingham Bruce N. , Blackwell Bradley F.
Published: September 2019

During the last decade at NASA Plum Brook Station (PBS), Erie County, Ohio, United States, there has been a nearly 50% decrease in European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) occupancy (nests with ≥1 egg) of nest boxes designed to be used by starlings. Increased availability of natural cavities, from invertebrate pests, might have altered nest box occupation rates. It was hypothesized that starling nest box occupation rates would be a function of an index of potentially suitable tree cavities for nesting starlings, the semi-colonial nature of breeding starlings, and access to foraging areas (e.g., mowed lawns near buildings). Specifically, it was predicted that starling occupancy of nest boxes would correlate positively with a low density of potentially suitable tree cavities (calculated from a constructed index based on characteristics preferred by nesting starlings), and proximity of other starling occupied nest boxes and anthropogenic structures or mowed lawns. The objective was to quantify landscape factors around nest boxes with known starling occupation rates. Potentially suitable tree cavities were readily available near nest boxes. However, starling nest box occupation was instead a function of proximity to buildings, a factor associated with additional nesting sites and preferred foraging areas (mowed lawns). Nesting starlings in this study were influenced by anthropogenic structures and associated resources.
Eight grand challenges in socio-environmental systems modeling
Authors: Elsawah Sondoss , Filatova Tatiana , Jakeman Anthony J. , Kettner Albert J. , Zellner Moira L. , Athanasiadis Ioannis N. , Hamilton Serena H. , Axtell Robert L. , Brown Daniel G. , Gilligan Jonathan M. , Janssen Marco A. , Robinson Derek T. , Rozenberg Julie , Ullah Isaac I. T. , Lade Steve J.
Published: September 2019

Modeling is essential to characterize and explore complex societal and environmental issues in systematic and collaborative ways. Socio-environmental systems (SES) modeling integrates knowledge and perspectives into conceptual and computational tools that explicitly recognize how human decisions affect the environment. Depending on the modeling purpose, many SES modelers also realize that involvement of stakeholders and experts is fundamental to support social learning and decision-making processes for achieving improved environmental and social outcomes. The contribution of this paper lies in identifying and formulating grand challenges that need to be overcome to accelerate the development and adaptation of SES modeling. Eight challenges are delineated: bridging epistemologies across disciplines; multi-dimensional uncertainty assessment and management; scales and scaling issues; combining qualitative and quantitative methods and data; furthering the adoption and impacts of SES modeling on policy; capturing structural changes; representing human dimensions in SES; and leveraging new data types and sources. These challenges limit our ability to effectively use SES modeling to provide the knowledge and information essential for supporting decision making. Whereas some of these challenges are not unique to SES modeling and may be pervasive in other scientific fields, they still act as barriers as well as research opportunities for the SES modeling community. For each challenge, we outline basic steps that can be taken to surmount the underpinning barriers. Thus, the paper identifies priority research areas in SES modeling, chiefly related to progressing modeling products, processes and practices.
How involved are husbands in antenatal care? The perspective of women availing antenatal services at a maternity hospital in rural South Karnataka-India
Authors: Gnanaselvam Nancy A. , Dore Apoorva , Beaty Sadhana , Y. Jacqueline V. , A. Tresa Rose , Mary Arockia , Johnson Avita Rose
Published: September 2019

Background: Male involvement in maternal health is associated with significant positive health outcomes in the mother. We aimed to assess the antenatal womens’ perception of their husbands’ involvement in antenatal care in a maternity hospital in rural Karnataka, India.Methods: 200 pregnant women in a maternity hospital in Karnataka were interviewed using a semi-structured pilot tested questionnaire on their perception about their husbands’ participation in antenatal care.Results: The mean score of women’s perception of husband’s awareness of antenatal care was 10.1±2.2 out of a maximum of 12, while that of husband’s attitude to antenatal care was 7.7±1.4 out of a maximum of 9 and of husband’s participation was 21.7±5.4 out of a maximum of 30. The score of perception of husband’s awareness was significantly higher among multigravidae and among women who had a planned pregnancy. The score of perception of husband’s attitude was significantly higher among women from nuclear families, multigravidae, those with a living child and those with no complications in the current pregnancy. The score of perception of husband’s participation was significantly higher among women with no complications in the current pregnancy.Conclusions: Husbands play a vital role in the antenatal care of their wives. This should be harnessed by health care workers by providing health education to them, encouraging husbands to accompany their wives to antenatal checkups and labour and promptly communicating clinical findings to them.
Neonatal outcome of second baby versus first baby in twins delivered vaginally: a comparative study
Authors: Srivastava Shubhi , Borgohain D.
Published: September 2019

Background: The incidence of twinning has been increasing due to assisted reproductive technology. Despite substantial concerns over the well-being of the second twin with regard to intra partum events, outcome studies on this issue are conflicting. Some have reported no increase in perinatal complications, while others showed significant associations between labor and delivery of the second twin and increased perinatal morbidity and mortality.Methods: All pregnant women of twin pregnancy at more than 28 weeks of gestation, first twin with cephalic presentation were selected for study. Intrauterine death of either of the twins, pregnancies complicated or fetal malformations and those with contraindication to vaginal birth were excluded. After delivery, APGAR score, birth weight, complications, time interval between deliveries, NICU admission and condition on discharge of each baby was noted.Results: Out of 106 women with twin pregnancy 89 of them delivered vaginally, there was statistically no significant difference of live births, still births, early neonatal mortality in the first and second born twins. Neonatal morbidity was more in the second twin than the first twin (23.33% versus 21.11%).Out of all NICU admissions 47.5% were for the first twin and 52.5% for the second twin.Conclusions: Twin vaginal delivery is safe in first cephalic presentation in twin pregnancy. Caution should be taken while delivering babies <1500gm, gestational age <34 weeks, as vaginal delivery in these conditions is associated with increased early neonatal morbidity and neonatal mortality.
A study of the prevalence of group B streptococci in the third trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Tambe Vikas , Shokeen Versha , Bal Himadri , Mishra Ajita
Published: September 2019

Background: Group B Streptococci (GBS) is an important cause of early onset neonatal sepsis and the maternal colonization of this organism is a key factor in the occurrence of GBS associated morbidity and mortality in the newborns. Timely recognition of its presence in the genital tract of a pregnant women and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis can significantly bring down the burden of the disease in neonates. A cross sectional study was conducted on  antenatal women during 35-37weeks of gestation to evaluate the prevalence of Group B Streptococci in third trimester of pregnancy and explore the feasibility of including GBS screening in the routine antenatal investigation protocol.Methods: 200 antenatal women satisfying the exclusion/inclusion criteria were recruited for the study. Vaginal and perianal swabs were collected using sterile swab sticks and inoculated using the specified media. Beta hemolysis and typical colonies were looked for under microscope. Positive cases were subjected to intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis and the neonates were observed for 72 hours to look for any signs of sepsis.Results: It was found that 2% of the women screened were positive for GBS .While none of the newborns of the 4 positive cases showed any signs of sepsis.Conclusions: Prophylactic intrapartum prophylaxis against GBS has shown to decrease the chances of neonatal sepsis but more detailed and robust studies are required before incorporating routine screening in our antenatal care system.
Study of incidence of premature ovarian failure in patient attending outpatient department for infertility in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Amber Qazi Jaweria , Palve Tushar Tatyaba
Published: September 2019

Background: To assess the incidence of premature ovarian failure in cases attending infertility outpatient Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in a tertiary care centre. A total of 350 patients attending infertility opd were screened over period of 150 days from which authors observed premature menopause in 10 cases accounting for an incidence of 2.8%. POF affects approximately one in 10,000 women by age 20; one in 1,000 women by age 30; one in 100 women by age 40.  Premature ovarian failure is a common cause of infertility in women.Methods: Patient attending outpatient Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with age less than 40 years and infertility, symptoms of menopause were enrolled for the study for duration of 150 days.Results: Present study authors found a total of 2.8% of patient presenting in our outpatient department for infertility had Premature ovarian failure.80% of them were symptomatic suffering with symptoms of hormonal deficiencies .100% of patient with infertility diagnosed as premature ovarian failure had low AMH and High FSH and LH levels indicating poor prognosis.Conclusions: Patient presenting with infertility and amenorrhoea can be cases of premature menopause. Here it is essential to investigate and treat the patient. Infertility might be one of the early presenting symptoms if not the first one. These patients if treated and diagnosed early can have a better living. Considering the wide spectrum of functional derangements in patient with early menopause and benefits of early hormone replacements these patients should be diagnosed and treated early.
Pregnancy outcome in women with sickle cell disease/trait in a tertiary care hospital Nagpur, Maharashtra India: a descriptive cross sectional study
Authors: Kose Varsha , Kose Saurabh
Published: September 2019

Background: Pregnancy in sickle cell women has numerous obstetrical, nonobstetrical and fetal complications. Our objective was to study the pregnancy outcome in women with sickle cell disease/trait.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study in 2 years study period was conducted. 57 women with sickle cell disease/trait were identified. They were attending the antenatal clinic and were admitted in obstetric ward and followed till 7 days after delivery.Results: Out of total 57 women 49 women (85.96%) were sickle cell trait (AS pattern) and 8 women (14.03%) were sickle cell disease (SS pattern). In women with sickle cell trait Pregnancy induced hypertension was the most common complication. Anaemia and hypothyroidism was the common associated medical problem. 5 babies need NICU admission, 6 babies PBU admission and 33 babies given to mother side just after birth. In women with sickle cell disease severe anaemia, preeclampsia, oligohydramnios and intrauterine growth restriction, lower segment caesarean section for preterm baby was the most common complication. 1 baby required NICU admission, 5 babies require PBU admission and only 2 babies given to mother just after delivery. There were no maternal mortality and neonatal mortality.Conclusions: Maternal morbidity and neonatal morbidity is more in sickle cell disease women. They require early diagnosis, premarital and preconceptional counselling, good multidisciplinary obstetrics and neonatal care and early referral to higher centre.
The study of the incidence of pregnant women with sickle cell disease
Authors: Lagoo Jyoti , Lagoo Arpita
Published: September 2019

Background: The sickle cell disease is major public health problem which causes high morbidity and mortality in India. It is observed that SCD is scourge in Chhattisgarh since long past. Sickle cell disease is a term for a group of genetically inherited disorders characterized by production of abnormal hemoglobin. “Hemoglobin-S” results from a point mutation in the beta globin gene. The main objective is to study the incidence of pregnant women with sickle cell disease.Methods: It is a hospital based prospective study. It was conducted at Obstetrics and Gynecology department of LTBRKM Govt. Medical College, Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh. The study was carried out from August 2014 to October 2015. The study included screening of all patients attending antenatal clinic and in labour ward during emergency. 75 cases were found to be sickling positive. Permission from Institutional Ethics Committee was obtained.Results: The incidence of SCD in India is 44%, in Chhattisgarh is 17%.At our institute in pregnant women is 1.75%. The incidence of HbAs group was 70.66% and HbSS was 26.66%. In Hb AS group maximum 47% patients were in age group of 26-30 years. and also in same age group the incidence of HbSS group was 60%. In age group of 31-35 years. 22% of patients were of HbAS group, but only 10% of patients were of HbSS group. HbAS group and HbSS group the percentage of primi gravida were 49% and 60% respectively. It is noted that in HbAS group only 3% of patients had parity >4, but in HbSS group it was 10%.Conclusions: In conclusion, it has been shown that the clinical statuses of the most sickle cell diseases patience were not seriously affected by pregnancy if they are given appropriate prenatal care. All pregnant women should be screened for sickle sell hemoglobinopathy in endemic region, like in our state Chhattisgarh.
A community based study to determine incidence of cervical cancer and willingness of women to participate in cervical cancer screening program in Navsari, Gujarat, India
Authors: Vyas Parth H. , Dhadwe Kanchan , Shah Harsha A. , Dave Hiral M. , Shah Ashwin A.
Published: September 2019

Background: Carcinoma of the uterine cervix is a major health problem faced by the Indian women. Regular cervical cytological examination by all sexually active women can prevent the occurrence of carcinoma cervix. Early detection of cervical cancer is possible with Pap smear tests. Methods: Women above 25 years of age, living in study area and want to participate in study were included. Total 2352 women were enrolled in study. House to house visits were conducted in all the village area by using simple random sampling method. Information about cervical cancer was given. Pap test for cervical cancer screening was carried out by gynaecologist. Cytological examination and confirmation was done by pathologists.Results: A total of 3001 women had attended village level IEC session and out that, 2352 (78.4%) women took part in the screening program. Out of these 2352 women, 2007 women (85.3% compliance) had given consent for physical cervical examination and Pap smear. The incidence of cervical cancer was 0.2% on the basis of clinical examination and biopsy.Conclusions: Higher compliance for undergoing vaginal examination and Pap test shows the positive health seeking behaviour of the women but for that, strong IEC and sensitization about the disease must be done to improve the participation. Sensitivity of Pap test was poor and couldn’t find true positive cases.
Clomiphene citrate plus N-acetyl cysteine versus letrozole for induction of ovulation in infertile patients with polycystic ovarian disease: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kamel Momen A. , Amin Ahmed F. , Farghaly Tarek A. , Farrag Nawal A.
Published: September 2019

Background: Polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD), a common endocrine disorder with multisystem affection, is the most common cause of anovulatory infertility. Our objective is to evaluate the effect of using clomiphene citrate (CC) plus N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) versus letrozole in ovulation induction in infertile patients with PCOD.Methods: Reproductive-aged infertile women either primary or secondary diagnosed as PCOD according to Rotterdam criteria, 2003 were considered for enrollment. Eligible women for were recruited and randomized (1:1) to receive either CC 100 mg plus NAC 600 mg (CC+NAC arm) or letrozole 5 mg (NCT03241472, clinicaltrials.gov). All medications were started from day 3 of the menstrual cycle for 5 days. The primary outcome was the ovulation rate in both groups. Secondary outcomes included the mid-cyclic endometrial thickness, ovarian hyperstimulation, and clinical pregnancy and miscarriage rates.Results: One hundred ten patients were enrolled and randomized to CC+NAC arm (n=55) or letrozole (n=55). The ovulation rate in patients in letrozole arm was significantly higher than CC+NAC arm (71.8% versus 53.2%, p=0.01). Additionally, endometrial thickness was higher in letrozole arm (mean±SD: 11.46±1.61 versus 9.0±1.13, p=0.031). However, no statistical significant difference with regarding the ovarian hyperstimulation rate (1.8% versus 3.6%, p=0.157), clinical pregnancy rate [3/19 patients (27.3%) versus 19/55 (34.5%), p=0.409] and miscarriage rate [4/15 patients (26.7%) versus 19/55 (15.8%), p=0.317] in CC+NAC versus letrozole groups respectively.Conclusions: Addition of NAC to CC in ovulation induction leads to comparable pregnancy rate as letrozole. However, letrozole produces high ovulation rate and the better mid-cyclic endometrial thickness.
Scenario of molar pregnancy in a tertiary care centre in Delhi, India
Authors: Pundir Seema , Gupta Vinita , Prasad Sonal
Published: September 2019

Background: Molar pregnancies represent a significant burden of disease on the spectrum of gestational trophoblastic diseases with incidence varying with geographic region. Aim was to review all molar pregnancies admitted at our institution and to study the incidence, clinical presentation, management, complications and outcome of molar pregnancies.Methods: An observational study was done in department of obstetrics and gynaecology at Dr. BSA Medical College and Hospital among women with molar pregnancy over two years.Results: The incidence of molar pregnancy of the institute was 1.05/1000 deliveries. 21- 25 years age group and nulliparous women constituted 28.1% of patients. Amenorrhea (100.0%) was the commonest presenting complaints followed by abnormal vaginal bleeding (90.62%). Anemia (37%) was the commonest complication followed by acute hemorrhage (31%) and hyperthyroidism (18%). Suction evacuation was done in 96.8% of patients and 87.5% required blood transfusion. Only 6.2% (2/32) of patients had post evacuation chemotherapy. None of the cases developed choriocarcinoma. Limitation of the study was that the incidence of subsequent pregnancies after complete treatment of molar pregnancies was not studied.Conclusions: Early diagnosis of complete molar pregnancy can change the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of molar pregnancy. There is need for early recognition, timely referral, prompt and proper treatment of this condition. Adequate follow-up of the patients and need for contraception should be reinforced.
A prospective study of foetomaternal outcome in placenta praevia
Authors: Kaul Somika , Rami Bijal
Published: September 2019

Background: Placenta praevia is one of the serious obstetric problems with far reaching effects and a major cause of antepartum haemorrhage. The aim of the study was to evaluate the foetomaternal outcome of pregnancies with placenta praevia.Methods: The present study was a prospective case control study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lal Ded Hospital, Srinagar from August 2009 to October 2010.Results: Among the 100 cases of placenta praevia studied bleeding per vaginum was the most common presenting symptom. Major placenta praevia was more common (53%) than minor placenta praevia. 43% of the cases of placenta praevia delivered before 37 completed weeks as compared to only 6% in the control group. All cases of placenta praevia delivered by caesarean section. Maternal morbidity in terms of postpartum haemorrhage (32%), intraoperative bowel and bladder injury (2%) and intensive care unit admission (1%) was more in cases of placenta praevia. Foetal complications in terms of neonatal intensive care unit admission (19%), neonatal death (10%) and stillbirth (5%) were more in pregnancies with placenta praevia as compared to controls. 48% of patients with placenta praevia required transfusion of blood and blood products as compared to 4.5% among controls.Conclusions: There is a significant increase in maternal morbidity in pregnancies complicated with placenta praevia. Also, there is a higher incidence of foetal complications and neonatal death. Managing a case of placenta praevia is a challenge in present day obstetrics and it creates a huge burden on the health care system.
Levels of molecular angiogenic and antiangiogenic in pregnant women with risk of preeclampsia
Authors: Wulandari Diah , Sulchan Mohamad , Hidayat Syarief Thaufik
Published: September 2019

Background: Angiogenic and antiangiogenic imbalances play a major role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Increased production of sFlt-1 by the placenta causes free circulating PIGF and VEGF concentrations to lower because it is bound by sFlt-1. Measuring levels of angiogenic and antiangiogenic proteins as biomarkers indicates placental dysfunction and distinguishes preeclampsia from other disorders. This study aims to analyze the levels of angiogenic and antiangiogenic molecules in pregnant women at risk for preeclampsia.Methods: The study with a cross-sectional design was carried out in 11-15 weeks gestational age whom had a risk of preeclampsia with 30 samples in primary health care starting April-August 2018. Blood serum was measured by molecular levels of VEGF, PlGF, sFlt-1, and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio using the ELISA method. Data analysis used Pearson product moment test.Results: The mean of VEGF levels are 15.5±21.6, PlGF 89.7±55.5, sFlt-1 11519.4±5126.0 and the ratio sFlt-1/PlGF 166.7±102.1. Correlation value of risk factors for preeclampsia with molecular levels of VEGF r= -0.05; p = 0.76, PlGF r= -0.21; p = 0.26, sFlt r= 0.01; p =0.99 and ratio sFlt-1/PlGF r = 0.10; p = 0.58.Conclusions: The higher the total score of preeclampsia risk factor, the lower the molecular level of VEGF and PlGF is. Moreover, the higher the total score of preeclampsia risk factor, the higher the molecular level sFlt-1 and the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio is. There are no significant correlation between total score of preeclampsia risk factor and levels of molecule VEGF, PlGF, sFlt-1 and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio.
Assessment of the learning curve: total laparoscopic hysterectomy versus total abdominal hysterectomy
Authors: Yadav Nutan , Tiwari Priyanka , Mangeshikar Abhishek , Kumar Sushil
Published: September 2019

Background: Abdominal hysterectomy is the most frequented way of hysterectomy in the world; today we have a lot of techniques for hysterectomy. Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy (TLH) versus Total Abdominal Hysterectomy (TAH) needs experience an assessment of the learning curve. Objective of the study was to determine the feasibility and safety of TLH and TAH.Methods: Total 100 women were taken for study. Operating time, estimated blood loss, operating complication and length of stay in hospital were noted for each patient. The success rates of TLH were more compared to TAH. The operating time estimated blood loss, conversion to laparotomy was directly proportional to size of uterus.Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding age, body mass index (BMI), specimen weight, pre-operative hemoglobin (Hb) value and rates of the complications. The mean post-operative Hb value was significantly higher in group TLH than group TAH (11.3±0.7 gr/dl versus 10.6±1.6, p = 0.03). The mean time of operation was significantly longer in TLH than group TAH (105.4±22.9 minutes versus 74±18, p<0.001). The mean duration of hospital stay was statistically shorter in TLH compared to the TAH (2.47±0.5 days versus 4.86±1.1, p<0.001).Conclusions: Advantage of TLH over TAH are less blood loss, fewer wound infection and fever, smaller incisions, with less pain, shorter hospitalization time, speedier recovery.
Рынок услуг развлекательных центров: взгляд через призму имиджеобразующих факторов. Часть 4. Рациональный аспект, общее решение
Authors: Закускин Сергей Викторович
Published: September 2019

Представлен анализ рынка развлекательных услуг с использованием подхода, базирующего на интеграции маркетинговых коммуникаций на основе исследования потребительских предпочтений. Построены пространство рационального предпочтения развлекательных центров и пространство рационального отношения к развлекательным центрам, оценены позиции реальных развлекательных центров по сравнению с идеальной областью целевой группы. Рассмотрены выводы из проведённого анализа и предложены рекомендации для привлечения сегментов целевой группы.
Comparison of serum level of some trace elements and vitamin D between patients with premenstrual syndrome and normal controls: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Fatemi Mahnoosh , Allahdadian Maryam , Bahadorani Mehrnoosh
Published: September 2019

Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common problem among women and is identified by reversal emotional, psychological, and physical signs during the luteal phase. These signs, however, lower down in the follicular phase. The cause of PMS isn’t very well-known up to now control group and many researchers have suggested that mineral compounds and vitamins can inhibit these symptoms.
Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the serum level of some trace elements and vitamin D between normal controls and patients with PMS.
Materials and Methods: 300 female students (19–21 yr old) from Falavarjan County were randomly selected and asked to complete a standard questionnaire on PMS during three menstruation cycles. The students were divided into two groups: healthy persons (control) and PMS persons, and PMS was determined on the basis of the answers to the questionnaire. Thereafter, the serum concentrations of zinc, iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and Vitamin D3 were measured and compared between the two groups.
Results: Our results showed that the PMS prevalence was about 41.5%. The level of vitamin D decreased in both the control and PMS groups, with a significantly lower range of vitamin D (p ≤ 0.05) in the PMS group. Other factors had no significant change between the two groups.
Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency was probably one of the most important causes of unpleasant symptoms of PMS between these students.
Key words: Premenstrual syndrome, Trace elements, Vitamin D.
The association of food consumption and nutrient intake‎ with endometriosis risk in Iranian women: A case-control study
Authors: Youseflu Samaneh , Sadatmahalleh Shahideh Jahanian , Mottaghi Azadeh , Kazemnejad Anoshirvan
Published: September 2019

Background: Endometriosis, defined as the attendance of endometrial-like lesions in extra uterine locations, causes pain, infertility, and reduced quality of life.
Objective: To evaluate the relationship between food consumption and nutrient intake with risk of endometriosis.
Materials and Methods: Of the 156 women approached for the study, 78 women had endometriosis and 78 healthy women were included in the control group. Dietary data were collected using a validated 147-item semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) with the standard serving size. A logistic regression model was used to determine the association of macronutrients and energy intake with the risk of endometriosis.
Results: In women with higher intake of protein, especially animal protein, monounsaturated fatty acids, soluble and insoluble fiber, oleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid endometriosis is less common (p < 0.05). High consumption of vegetables, fruits, red meat, yellow vegetables, potatoes, legumes, dairy products, liquid oil, and low intake of fried potatoes was associated with a lower risk of endometriosis (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Regarding the association of dietary intake on endometriosis risk, counseling about improving the dietary structure can contribute toward the prevention and control of endometriosis.
Key words: Endometriosis, Macronutrient, Diet, Case-control study.
Pengembangan Kurikulum Tahfizh Al Qur'an Di Pondok Pesantren Al Qur'an
Authors: Yasri Hayyun Lathifaty
Published: September 2019

This reseach was aims to 1) develop a curricula document which have fulfill the expediency criteria for An Nur Qur’anic Islamic Boarding School of Malang, 2) know the expediency of the product that developed for An Nur Qur’anic Islamic Boarding School of Malang. The curriculum development in this reseach was used Beachamp Development Model which deliver: 1) the curricula document which have fulfill the expediency criteria to be applied in the An Nur Qur’anic Islamic Boarding School of Malang. 2) The application of the developed curriculum was been responsed good by the user. The distinction of this developed curricula with another curricula is the content of the developed curricula were cover the students need which include islamic sciences, qur’anic sciences, and sciences. In othes side, this curricula was developed the simmulation in its evaluation system. This simmulation was developed for testing students automatical memorize of Al Qur’an.  So, the suggestion for this research is 1) adding the facility for supporting the student learning and memorizing. 2) The organizator should strengthen the student discipline system, especially in order to memorize the Holy Qur’an. 3) The Procurement of montly evaluation which was scheduled to evaluate student memorize progress.
SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK, SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR GİRİŞİMCİLİK VE TÜRKİYE’DE SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR GİRİŞİMCİLİK
Authors: BALLI Abdullah
Published: September 2019

Küresel kaynakların kısıtlı olması ve her geçen gün giderek azalması toplumları hemen her alanda sürdürülebilir kaynaklar keşfetmeye ve sürdürülebilir yaşam biçimleri oluşturmaya sevk etmiştir. Bu durum ülke ekonomilerinin dinamosu gibi çalışan “KOBİ” ve “Girişimcileri” de sürdürülebilir sistemler arayışına iterek, bu sistemleri kendi bünyelerine entegre etmeyi zorunlu hale getirmiştir. Geliştirilen sürdürülebilir politikalar sayesinde girişimciler, yalnızca mevcut kaynakların verimli kullanılmasına katkıda bulunmakla kalmayıp aynı zamanda ülke ekonomilerinin de gelişmesine katkıda bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, “Sürdürülebilirlik” ve “Sürdürülebilir Girişimcilik” kavramlarını tanımlayarak açıklamak, uygun bir “Sürdürülebilir Girişimcilik Ekosistemi”nin yaratılması ve Türkiye’de sürdürülebilir girişimciliğin gelişmesi için alınması gereken tedbirler hakkında öneriler sunarak literatür odaklı bir çalışma yapılması amaçlanmaktadır.
Future Changes in Precipitation and Drought Characteristics over Bangladesh under CMIP5 Climatological Projections
Authors: Kamruzzaman Mohammad , Jang Min-Won , Cho Jaepil , Hwang Syewoon
Published: September 2019

The impacts of climate change on precipitation and drought characteristics over Bangladesh were examined by using the daily precipitation outputs from 29 bias-corrected general circulation models (GCMs) under the representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. A precipitation-based drought estimator, namely, the Effective Drought Index (EDI), was applied to quantify the characteristics of drought events in terms of the severity and duration. The changes in drought characteristics were assessed for the beginning (2010–2039), middle (2040–2069), and end of this century (2070–2099) relative to the 1976–2005 baseline. The GCMs were limited in regard to forecasting the occurrence of future extreme droughts. Overall, the findings showed that the annual precipitation will increase in the 21st century over Bangladesh; the increasing rate was comparatively higher under the RCP8.5 scenario. The highest increase of rainfall is expected to happen over the drought-prone northern region. The general trends of drought frequency, duration, and intensity are likely to decrease in the 21st century over Bangladesh under both RCP scenarios, except for the maximum drought intensity during the beginning of the century, which is projected to increase over the country. The extreme and medium-term drought events did not show any significant changes in the future under both scenarios except for the medium-term droughts, which decreased by 55% compared to the base period during the 2070s under RCP8.5. However, extreme drought days will likely increase in most of the cropping seasons for the different future periods under both scenarios. The spatial distribution of changes in drought characteristics indicates that the drought-vulnerable areas are expected to shift from the northwestern region to the central and the southern region in the future under both scenarios due to the effects of climate change.
Parylene-Coated PTFE-Membrane-Based Portable Urea Sensor for Use in Fast Flow Conditions
Authors: Park Min , Kim JeeYoung , Kim Kyounghee , Pyun Jae-Chul , Sung Gun Yong
Published: September 2019

A portable urea sensor for use in the fast flow condition was fabricated using porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes coated with amine-functionalized parylene, parylene-A, by vapor deposition. To generate a specific electrochemical sensor signal from urea, the urea-hydrolyzing enzyme urease was immobilized on the parylene-A-coated PTFE membranes via chemical crosslinking using glutaraldehyde. The urease-immobilized membranes were assembled in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fluidic chamber, and a screen-printed carbon three-electrode system was used for electrochemical measurements. The success of urease immobilization was confirmed using fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The optimum concentration of urease for immobilization on the parylene-A-coated PTFE membranes was determined to be 48 mg/mL, and the optimum number of membranes in the PDMS chamber was found to be 8. Using these optimized conditions, we fabricated the urea biosensor and monitored urea samples under various flow rates ranging from 0.5 to 10 mL/min in the flow condition using chronoamperometry. To test the applicability of the sensor for physiological samples, we used it for monitoring urea concentration in the waste peritoneal dialysate of a patient with chronic renal failure, at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min.
Sensing of Prostate Spesific Antigen by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry of Gold Nanoparticle - Silver Enhanced Labels
Authors: Safitri Rika Endara , Mulyasuryani Ani , Parnsubsakul Attasith , Rijiravanich Patsamon
Published: September 2019

Metode deteksi Antigen Spesifik Prostat (ASP) berdasarkan pemotongan peptide dengan menggunakan perak enhancer (AgEhn) pada nanopartikel emas (AuNP) sebagai penanda. ASP merupakan serin protease yang dihasilkan secara normal oleh sel jaringan prostat dan sel kanker prostat.ASP secara luas digunakan sebagai biomarker untuk kanker prostat.Aktivitas ASP dideteksi berdasarkan pemotongan peptida yang terikat pada dasar wellplate melalui interaksi biotin – avidin. Setelah proses pemotongan, peptida-SH yang terpotong akan terbuang dalam proses pembilasan, peptidayang terpotong pada dasar wellplate tidak dapat mengikat nanopartikel emas karena kehilangan gugus tiol (-SH) pada ujung peptida. Sisa peptide-SH yang tidak terpotong akan berikatan dengan AuNP, diikuti dengan reduksi secara autokatalitik pada larutan AgEhn menjadi Ag(s). Jumlah Ag yang terdapat pada permukaan AuNP ditentukan secara voltametri lucutan anodik (VLA) setelah mengoksidasi Ag (s) menjadi ion Ag+ menggunakan elektroda screen printed carbon (SPC). Optimasi dilakukan pada kondisi pengukuran dan kondisi immunoassay, sehingga penentuan PSA pada rentang 1–500 ng.mL-1 dihasilkan limit deteksi sebesar 152,204 ng.mL-1 dengan sensitivitas 0,003 μ A/ng.mL-1. Penentuan PSA dengan metode ini telah berhasil dilakukan, namun masih membutuhkan kajian lebih lanjut.
Habitat Selection by Two Species of Cleaner Fishes That May be Beneficial in Removing Sea Lice From Cultured Salmon
Authors: Charmley Kaitlyn Julianna
Published: September 2019

Sea lice are detrimental ectoparasites that attach to Atlantic salmon causing physiological damage and costing farmers millions in inventory loss and treatments. Cleaner fishes have been introduced into sea cages to act as a biological control of sea lice which is likely a solution for Canadian salmon aquaculture industries. To improve cleaner fish foraging efficiency, this study seeks to determine the optimal habitat for cleaner fishes in Canadian aquaculture. I hypothesized that to be effective cleaner fishes, both the cunners and the lumpfish require habitats that provide them with shelter and places for rest because neither species live solely in the water column. My second hypothesis was that the cunners and the lumpfish require different habitats due to their different morphologies. Habitat comparisons were conducted with three habitats and a control in each individual fishes tank for a total of 8 cunners and 25 lumpfish. It was determined that only cunners required shelter, possibly due to the lumpfish’s ability to adhere to the glass tank walls for rest. Moreover, there was no significant difference in habitat preference between the two species. However, the lumpfish were less preferential between habitat and preferred three of the four habitats equally. It should be noted that the lumpfish and the cunners utilized the same habitats in separate ways to better fit their species-specific requirements; so future research on the co-existence of the two species could lead to increased foraging efficiency through two-species cleaner fish systems.
Unpacking the Relationship Between International Development and Early Childhood Care and Education in Dharamshala, India
Authors: Gushue Angela Doreen
Published: September 2019

This research study provides a new model to evaluate early childhood development internationally by integrating perspectives from the disciplines of International Development and Early Childhood Care and Education. This new model, The Geographic Context Education Development Matrix, was developed through this piece of research and will assist in providing a deeper understanding of the intersectionality of these disciplines as they relate to early childhood development. This model helps to illustrate the scholarly gap in understanding the local perspectives of international development, specifically through short-term international volunteering in Dharamshala, India. Data was collected through an experiential learning project where the primary investigator volunteered for one month in a private school in Dharamshala. Following this participatory experience, qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with local teachers and parents. The purpose of this research was to ascertain the current effectiveness of international interventions in Early Childhood Care and Education, especially through international volunteers, in Dharamshala, India and provide insight into the barriers impeding sustainable Early Childhood Care and Education. Through the analysis of the data collected, it was evident that the practice of short-term international volunteering is not effective in supporting Early Childhood Care and Education in Dharamshala. Short term volunteers are not an effective intervention because they cannot address the most significant barriers faced by local educators, their support is generally unreliable, and their presence can, and often does, perpetrate neocolonial tendencies.
Acculturation of Syrian Refugees in Germany
Authors: Copoc Paul
Published: September 2019

Since 2011, there has been an ongoing civil war in Syria between various militant groups, ISIS, and the Syrian government, in response to the oppressive regime of the Syrian government of President Bashar al-Assad. As a result, the largest migration that the world has seen since the Second World War has transpired. Approximately 13 million Syrians have been forcefully displaced from their homes, making this one of the largest humanitarian crises of our time. Many Syrians have sought refuge in neighbouring countries, as well as in Europe, the United States, and Canada. There is notably little research on refugee adaptation in Europe, which is the focus of this study. Using aspects of the Multidimensional Individual Differences Acculturation (MIDA) model, this study looked to examine the sociocultural and psychophysical adaptation of Syrian refugees in Germany. Measures that were excluded from the current version of the MIDA model were Ingroup Contact and Outgroup Contact. Researchers at Ludwig Maximilians University Munich administered paper and pencil surveys to 265 participants in Nuremberg, Germany who were attending vocational and language schools. Results displayed a significant relationship between Psychosocial Resources and Integration, and Psychophysical Distress; Co-National Connectedness and Integration; and Hassles and Psychophysical Distress. This study looks to inform host country government policies about positive integration strategies for refugee adaptation.