bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current Status of Micropropagation of Operculina turpethum (L.) Silva Manso – An Endangered Medicinal Plant
Authors: Biswal Bhagyashree , Jena Biswajit , Kumar Giri Alok , Acharya Laxmikanta
Published: February 2024

The use of cutting-edge biotechnological methods such as in vitro propagation enables the large-scale production of disease-free plant material, rapid cloning, and conservation of the elite genotype within a very short period. Additionally, the technique has enormous potential for the production of pharmacologically significant secondary metabolites and plant-based medicines of high quality. Operculina turpethum (L.) Silva Manso is an important medicinal plant of the family Convolvulaceae and is used to treat several health ailments. Overexploitation and inadequate conservation strategies have put the plant on the verge of extinction. This chapter provides a concise overview of the current status of the endangered medicinal plant Operculina turpethum with special attention given to the in vitro propagation and conservation of the immense medicinal plant.
Recent Advances in Mexican Coriander (Eryngium foetidum L.) In Vitro Propagation
Authors: Jena Biswajit , Biswal Bhagyashree , Kumar Giri Alok , Acharya Laxmikanta
Published: February 2024

Eryngium foetidum L. is an important medicinal and aromatic plant of the
family Apiaceae. The plant is extensively used in traditional medicine and for culinary
purposes. The essential oil of the plant has very high economic value in both national
and international markets due to its application in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and
perfumery industries. The plant is generally propagated through seeds. However, due to
low seed viability, the plant is restricted to certain regions, which in turn hinders the
commercial application of the medicinal plant. Therefore, quick and mass
multiplication of the plant is needed, which may be accomplished by micropropagation. This is necessary in order to satisfy the ever-increasing demand of the
pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. In this chapter, a variety of methods for
micropropagation have been explained, each of which utilises a different component of
the plant as an explant.
A Review of Micropropagation of Allium sativum L. (Family: Alliaceae)
Authors: Arunagiri Sharmila , Sankar Parasurama Deepa , Immanuel Selvaraj Chinnadurai
Published: February 2024

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is the most often used medicinal plant and the
second most commonly used Allium species after onion. It belongs to the Alliaceae
family. Garlic originated in Central Asia and is currently cultivated all over the world.
Garlic is rich in bioactive components and is used in various medicinal uses. Garlic has
a greater concentration of sulfur-containing compounds, which contribute to its
pungent odour. The major phytoconstituents of garlic are alliin, allicin, ajeones (oilsoluble organosulfur compounds); water-soluble organosulfur compounds such as Sallyl cysteine (SAC), metabolites allyl mercaptan (AM), allyl methyl sulphide (AMS),
and S-allyl-mercapto cysteine (SAMC). Due to its bioactive components, garlic has
various pharmacological properties, including anticancer, antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial action. Garlic micropropagation is feasible
due to its widespread use and robust pharmacological activity. Micropropagation of
garlic, which includes meristem culture or shoot tip culture, is reported to have various
advantages, including the ability to create disease-free plant material, develop a higher
number of desired plants, enhance the bioactive of garlic, and improve crop quality.
This chapter briefly summarizes garlic's bioactive components, their pharmacological
actions, the role of micropropagation in garlic, and its application.
The Nexus Between Digital Transformation and SME Performance: The Perspective of Developing Economies
Authors: Mahama Braimah Stephen , Abdulai Mahmoud Mahmoud , Gideon Awini , Kwame Owusu Bright
Published: February 2024

M-commerce, or mobile commerce, is transforming how business is done
online in the modern era of business. Unfortunately, Ghana's “small and medium-sized
enterprises (SMEs)” do not use mobile commerce very much. This study aims to assess
the body of knowledge on the issues, preventing SMEs from adopting m-commerce
and to further the investigation into those issues. The results illustrate how unstable
variables are when seen in terms of how they affect one another, their connections, and
themselves. The components of the proposed framework are discussed, and the way
they interact with one another emphasizes how difficult it is to prevent m-commerce
adoption. This outcome emphasizes the importance of thorough data analysis as
opposed to problem isolation. The results also showed that “perceived risk” was a
significant barrier, highlighting the possibility that different perspectives on the
adoption concept may have a significant impact on the result and the existence of
additional factors.
Exploring Email Marketing Among Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Ayarnah Amin
Published: February 2024

The use of digital channels by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) for
consumer engagement is changing as a result of advancements in information and
communication technologies and subsequent adoptions, notably by customers.
According to market research, marketers continue to trust email marketing more than
conventional digital marketing. Few studies have been done on email marketing and
how SMEs may use it to succeed as a business, and those that have been done, have all
been in developed nations with well-established telecommunications infrastructures.
This book chapter aims to investigate email marketing among SMEs in attaining
business success in order to fill the knowledge gap and expand the body of information
already existing in this field. By synchronizing the use of particular marketing tools
and resources, such as email marketing, SMEs can maintain the competitive edge of an
existing product(s). By sending emails to current or future clients, email marketing aids
in the promotion of any business online. However, SMEs must be aware of the
numerous challenges and complexity around General Data Protection Regulation
(GDPR) compliance in order to help SMEs adhere to email and data compliance
required for business relationships built on trust and data protection and privacy.
SMEs’ Use of Technology and Its Effect on the Firm
Authors: Fatawu Alhassan , S. Abas , C. Stanley , A. Susana
Published: February 2024

Globally, digitalization is changing economies and influencing how
businesses create and sell their products. It has the potential to increase creativity,
productivity, and economic growth. This chapter set out to ascertain what technological
resources are required by small business executives in order to effectively leverage IT
to boost company performance. IT has multiple benefits for SMEs/MSMEs including
essential for the development of a company, for looking into emerging markets, for
merchandise demand, for productivity and income, for staff development, and for the
use of remote techniques of labor. It is concluded that the technology has an influence
on SMEs’ performance.
Completivas de para no Português de Moçambique
Authors: Justino Víctor
Published: February 2024

This paper a nalyses verb c omplements, finite a nd i nfinitival, i ntroduced by para 'for' in Mozambican Portuguese (MP). In the analysed data, on the one hand, there is a tendency already studied and referred to in the literature (Issak 1998, P. Gonçalves 2002, 2010, a.o.), which consists of introducing finite complements to directive verbs by the preposition para and, on the other hand, the tendency not yet studied, which consists of introducing corresponding infinitival complements by the same preposition. These results reveal a tendency to standardize the c-selection properties of finite and infinitival complements of directive verbs. Furthermore, they allow to infer that para is a true preposition, as an alternative to previous analyses which have shown that para is a complementizer (Duarte 2003, Barbosa & Raposo 2013, A. Gonçalves et al. 2018) or it is as part of the conjunctional phrase para que'for that' (see Barbosa 2013, for European Portuguese (EP)), and also as part of the complex c omplementizer para-que (see P . G onçalves 2 002, 2 005, 2 010, f or MP). I n MP, but not in EP, para complements selected by directive verbs can be taken up anaphorically by demonstratives like isso 'that'preceded by this preposition. Furthermore, the preposition para can also occur when directive verbs are constructed with nominal arguments. These facts favour the assumption that, in PM, the complements to directive verbs, finite and infinitival, introduced by para, are oblique complements and the preposition para is external to the complement clause/CP.
YÜKSEKOKUL ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN HUMAN PAPİLLOMA VİRÜS ENFEKSİYONU VE AŞILAMASINA İLİŞKİN BİLGİ DÜZEYLERİ VE SAĞLIK İNANÇLARI
Authors: SEZGİN Yasemin , SALİMOĞLU Serap , BAŞARAN Esin , AKDUR Recep
Published: February 2024

Giriş: Kadın genital sistem kanserleri arasında serviks kanseri en sık görülen kanserlerden biridir. Human Papilloma Virüs (HPV) aşılarının, HPV ile ilişkili hastalıkların yükünü azaltmada ve kansere ilerleyen prekanseröz lezyonları önlemede yüksek etkinlik gösterdiği bilinmektedir. Özellikle HPV enfeksiyonu için yüksek risk altındaki üniversite öğrencileri arasında HPV aşılama oranları oldukça düşüktür. Bu çalışmada Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin, HPV enfeksiyonu ve aşılaması hakkındaki bilgi düzeylerinin belirlenmesi ve konuya ilişkin sağlık inançlarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Araştırma tanımlayıcı tiptedir. Evrenini 2022-2023 öğretim yılında Başkent Üniversitesi Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu’na devam eden kız öğrenciler oluşturmuştur. Araştırmaya katılanlara online anket uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada; soru formu, HPV Bilgi Skalası-Kısa Form, HPV Enfeksiyonu ve Aşılamasına ilişkin Sağlık İnanç Modeli Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde IBM SPSS 25.0 programı kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Araştırmaya 628 kız öğrencinin 546’sı (%86,9) katılmıştır. Öğrencilerin HPV bilgi puanlarının ortalaması 2,73±2,46'dır. Baba ve anne eğitim durumuna göre HPV bilgi puanları arasında anlamlı fark saptanmıştır (p=0,002; p=0,047). HPV Enfeksiyonu ve Aşılamasına ilişkin Sağlık İnanç Modeli Ölçeği alt boyutlarının Cronbach alpha değerleri 0,77-0,84 arasında bulunmuştur. Ölçek alt boyutları arasında algılanan ciddiyet puanı en yüksek olup algılanan engel puanı en düşüktür. HPV aşısının serviks kanseri için koruyucu olduğunu bilenlerin oranı %31,5 olarak saptanmıştır. HPV aşısını yaptıranların oranı %2,9‘dur. Aşı hakkında bilgi sahibi olmama, aşı yaptırmama nedenleri arasında %60,8 ile ilk sırada yer almaktadır. Bir hekimin önermesi durumunda aşı yaptırmak isteyenlerin oranı %49,8’dur.
Sonuç: Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin, HPV ve aşısı hakkında yeterli bilgiye sahip olmadığı görülmüştür. Müfredatta gerekli düzenlemeler yapılarak, HPV enfeksiyonu ve aşısıyla ilgili kapsamlı bir eğitim verilmelidir ve öğrencilerde konuyla ilgili farkındalık artırılmalıdır. Koruyucu sağlık hizmeti veren sağlık kuruluşlarının farkındalık programlarında görev almalarının aşılanma oranını artıracağı düşünülmektedir. HPV aşısı ile serviks kanserinin önlenebilir bir hastalık olduğu bilinci topluma kazandırılmalıdır.
Lviv Under the Soviets (1939-1941): Students, Refugees and Deportees
Authors: Zalewski Andrew , Kahane Tony
Published: February 2024

The Soviet aggression against Poland at the outbreak of the Second World War resulted in the annexation of more than 50% of the pre-war Polish territory to the Soviet Union, with the rest occupied by Germany. With a focus on western Ukraine, the initial period of Soviet rule is reviewed in the context of the German-Soviet geopolitical alliance, the troubled history of inter-ethnic relations, and the changes imposed by the regime. The situation at Lviv University illustrates the shift from Polish to Soviet sovereignty. In the autumn of 1939, with the earlier antisemitic policies lifted, many Jews applied for admission to the university under Soviet control. The university files show how the political changes were perceived at the time. They also highlight the influx of refugees escaping the German occupation in the rest of Poland. On a broader level, Soviet policies introduced contradictions that had a negative impact on all ethnic groups within the annexed territory. Even though the Soviets granted the right to citizenship to Polish citizens under their control, the regime unleashed systematic repressions. Removed from key positions, Poles were targeted by Soviet propaganda and the security apparatus. Despite a façade of Ukrainization, local Ukrainians were distrusted and their pre-war leaders persecuted. Jews were generally relieved that they had escaped falling under the Nazis. While some of them gained access to higher education and positions in the civil administration, many others were arrested and deported to labour camps, because of their pre-war political affiliations, ‘undesirable’ class distinctions, and refugee status.
Artocarpus Communis Seed Regulates P53, IRS, HsD17β2, FTO, and CYP11a Genes in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Rats
Authors: Ogunlakin Akingbolabo Daniel , Ojo Oluwafemi Adeleke , Onu-Boms Chimzi David , Afolayan Oluwafemi Samson , Ayeni Peluola Olujide , Akinwumi Idayat Adeola , Akinmurele Opeyemi Josephine , Adebodun Great Oluwamayokun , Ayokunle Damilare Iyinkristi , Ambali Owoola Azeezat , Ajayi-Odoko Omolola Adenike , Ogunlakin Oluwaseun Abigael , Sonibare Mubo Adeola
Published: February 2024

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine illness that affects 5-10% of reproductive women globally. It is a multifaceted hormonal disorder characterized by the involvement of numerous molecular mechanisms that contribute to its development. This study investigates the effect of Artocarpus communis seed on the hormonal imbalance and P53, IRS, HsD17β2, FTO, and CYP11a genes expression in the ovaries of letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome rats. To induce PCOS in 30 female Wistar rats, letrozole was administered at a dosage of 1 mg/kg. For 12 days, Artocarpus communis seed aqueous extract (100 and 250 mg/kg body weight) and Clomiphene citrate (1 mg/kg body weight), a standard medication, were given. ELISA assessed luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and estradiol levels. The levels of P53, IRS, HsD17β2, FTO, and CYP11a gene expression in the ovaries were assessed. The aqueous extract reduced LH and increased FSH levels in Letrozole-induced PCOS rats. Additionally, seed aqueous extract (250 mg/kg bw) regulated the expression of P53, type 2 17-HSD (17-HSD), fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO), 11a-hydroxylase/17,20-desmolase (CYP11a), and insulin receptor substrate (IRS) genes in the ovaries of PCOS rats. Therefore, Artocarpus communis seed might have multifaceted effects on molecular pathways associated with PCOS, potentially normalizing androgen metabolism, hormonal imbalance, and ovarian function.
A Semantic Approach to Describe Social and Economic Characteristics That Impact Health Outcomes (Social Determinants of Health): Ontology Development Study
Authors: Dally Daniela , Amith Muhammad , Mauldin Rebecca L , Thomas Latisha , Dang Yifang , Tao Cui
Published: February 2024

Background

Social determinants of health (SDoH) have been described by the World Health Organization as the conditions in which individuals are born, live, work, and age. These conditions can be grouped into 3 interrelated levels known as macrolevel (societal), mesolevel (community), and microlevel (individual) determinants. The scope of SDoH expands beyond the biomedical level, and there remains a need to connect other areas such as economics, public policy, and social factors.

Objective

Providing a computable artifact that can link health data to concepts involving the different levels of determinants may improve our understanding of the impact SDoH have on human populations. Modeling SDoH may help to reduce existing gaps in the literature through explicit links between the determinants and biological factors. This in turn can allow researchers and clinicians to make better sense of data and discover new knowledge through the use of semantic links.

Methods

An experimental ontology was developed to represent knowledge of the social and economic characteristics of SDoH. Information from 27 literature sources was analyzed to gather concepts and encoded using Web Ontology Language, version 2 (OWL2) and Protégé. Four evaluators independently reviewed the ontology axioms using natural language translation. The analyses from the evaluations and selected terminologies from the Basic Formal Ontology were used to create a revised ontology with a broad spectrum of knowledge concepts ranging from the macrolevel to the microlevel determinants.

Results

The literature search identified several topics of discussion for each determinant level. Publications for the macrolevel determinants centered around health policy, income inequality, welfare, and the environment. Articles relating to the mesolevel determinants discussed work, work conditions, psychosocial factors, socioeconomic position, outcomes, food, poverty, housing, and crime. Finally, sources found for the microlevel determinants examined gender, ethnicity, race, and behavior. Concepts were gathered from the literature and used to produce an ontology consisting of 383 classes, 109 object properties, and 748 logical axioms. A reasoning test revealed no inconsistent axioms.

Conclusions

This ontology models heterogeneous social and economic concepts to represent aspects of SDoH. The scope of SDoH is expansive, and although the ontology is broad, it is still in its early stages. To our current understanding, this ontology represents the first attempt to concentrate on knowledge concepts that are currently not covered by existing ontologies. Future direction will include further expanding the ontology to link with other biomedical ontologies, including alignment for granular semantics.
Linking Dementia Pathology and Alteration in Brain Activation to Complex Daily Functional Decline During the Preclinical Dementia Stages: Protocol for a Prospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors: De Sanctis Pierfilippo , Mahoney Jeannette R , Wagner Johanna , Blumen Helena M , Mowrey Wenzhu , Ayers Emmeline , Schneider Claudia , Orellana Natasha , Molholm Sophie , Verghese Joe
Published: February 2024

Background

Progressive difficulty in performing everyday functional activities is a key diagnostic feature of dementia syndromes. However, not much is known about the neural signature of functional decline, particularly during the very early stages of dementia. Early intervention before overt impairment is observed offers the best hope of reducing the burdens of Alzheimer disease (AD) and other dementias. However, to justify early intervention, those at risk need to be detected earlier and more accurately. The decline in complex daily function (CdF) such as managing medications has been reported to precede impairment in basic activities of daily living (eg, eating and dressing).

Objective

Our goal is to establish the neural signature of decline in CdF during the preclinical dementia period.

Methods

Gait is central to many CdF and community-based activities. Hence, to elucidate the neural signature of CdF, we validated a novel electroencephalographic approach to measuring gait-related brain activation while participants perform complex gait-based functional tasks. We hypothesize that dementia-related pathology during the preclinical period activates a unique gait-related electroencephalographic (grEEG) pattern that predicts a subsequent decline in CdF.

Results

We provide preliminary findings showing that older adults reporting CdF limitations can be characterized by a unique gait-related neural signature: weaker sensorimotor and stronger motor control activation. This subsample also had smaller brain volume and white matter hyperintensities in regions affected early by dementia and engaged in less physical exercise. We propose a prospective observational cohort study in cognitively unimpaired older adults with and without subclinical AD (plasma amyloid-β) and vascular (white matter hyperintensities) pathologies. We aim to (1) establish the unique grEEG activation as the neural signature and predictor of decline in CdF during the preclinical dementia period; (2) determine associations between dementia-related pathologies and incidence of the neural signature of CdF; and (3) establish associations between a dementia risk factor, physical inactivity, and the neural signature of CdF.

Conclusions

By establishing the clinical relevance and biological basis of the neural signature of CdF decline, we aim to improve prediction during the preclinical stages of ADs and other dementias. Our approach has important research and translational implications because grEEG protocols are relatively inexpensive and portable, and predicting CdF decline may have real-world benefits.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/56726
Efficacy and Contextual Dimensions of Task-Based Language Teaching: A Study on Bangladeshi Learners'
Authors: Serajuddin Mohammad
Published: February 2024

This scholarly investigation, titled "Assessing the Pedagogical Efficacy of Task-Oriented Language Didactics: A Comparative Inquiry into English Proficiency Augmentation Among Bangladeshi Learners," dissects the multi-layered implications and efficacies of task-based language teaching (TBLT) in contrast to traditional pedagogical modalities within the Bangladeshi educational context. Employing a meticulous secondary source analysis, this research scrutinizes the pedagogical pluralism in TBLT and evaluates its quantitative and qualitative effectiveness, particularly focusing on English proficiency among Bangladeshi students. The study employs a rigorous methodological framework, incorporating criteria for source selection and methods for comparative analysis. The research explicates the synthesis of analyses and extrapolates both theoretical and practical implications. The task-type effectiveness in TBLT is thoroughly interrogated, providing nuanced insights into the types of tasks that significantly contribute to language acquisition. Additionally, the paper offers an in-depth contextual analysis to elucidate the cultural and educational factors that may influence the efficacy of TBLT in Bangladesh. The conclusion aggregates the key findings, delineates limitations, and furnishes recommendations for future empirical endeavors in this realm. This paper serves as a seminal work for educators, policymakers, and researchers aiming to comprehend the complexities and efficacies of TBLT in fostering English language proficiency in non-native speakers, particularly in a Bangladeshi milieu.
On Translation of Report on the Work of the Government 2023 from the Perspective of Skopos Theory
Authors: He Ru , Yan Jing
Published: February 2024

The Report on the Work of the Government covers all aspects of China's politics and livelihood, and has become an authoritative source of information for domestic and foreign communities to understand China's national development as well as its policies. Therefore, the translation of RWG is of great importance. This paper introduces the Skopos Theory and discusses its applicability to RWG. Taking the 2023 RWG as an example, it further discusses its stylistic features and translation strategies from lexical, syntactic and rhetorical perspectives. These skills are of great practical importance in the translation of RWG, making the translation more readable and comprehensible, and can be used for other similar political reports. The Skopos Theory, Report on the Work of the Government, translation strategies
Unraveling the Enigmas: Deciphering the Causes of Discord in the Middle East: A Review
Authors: Fiedler Radosław , Dehnavi Ellias Aghili
Published: February 2024

Turbulence and conflict are part of the Middle East's history. It's often impossible to say where the present rumbles came from--or why they won’t go away. This is not a single area, but rather a magnificent mosaic that harbors an assortment of cultures, religious traditions, and customs. Here the history spans many thousand years, and so we are unable to describe it as a simple theme but rather as a complex pattern: People from different places with differing religious and cultural beliefs mean an eternal fight that can only exist under heaven. How can one come face to face with the Middle East? The hole that this region is spiraling down can make for a series. To cover the numerous aspects of the Middle East would require far more than several articles. Some key components of conflict in the area that we will look at here to try and make them clear. May carry in abundant hope, we can look at these factors and as they interact with each other both in terms of cause-effect relationships or symptom management for a set visit. At the least, may we keep a few honest records? Hopefully we can create still greater understanding and peace throughout this region.
Contabilidad de recursos en sistemas de cómputo de alto rendimiento en la GridUNAM
Authors: Flores Salgado Lourdes Yolanda
Published: February 2024

La contabilidad en sistemas de cómputo de alto rendimiento consiste en el registro sistemático de los recursos utilizados por cada trabajo o tarea que se ejecuta en el sistema, en el caso de la GridUNAM, se tiene un sistema federado donde un usuario puede enviar trabajos a cada uno de los clusters que conforman la infraestructura. La contabilidad debe registrar el uso individual en cada cluster, consolidarla en periodos determinados y permitir crear reportes consolidados de uso general de la grid. Este reporte técnico se realizó con la finalidad de explicar cómo funciona el proceso de contabilización de los recursos y explicar la metodología utilizada para su implementación en la GridUNAM.
La implacable trascendencia sistémica de la Colonia Doctores. Gentrificación urbana 1994-2015. Una perspectiva desde el análisis de gestión del gobierno abierto
Authors: Flores Diosdado Luis Fernando
Published: February 2024

El presente trabajo tiene como propósito analizar la relación que existió entre los Programas Delegacionales de Desarrollo Urbano de la entonces Delegación Cuauhtémoc (PDDUDC), y el proceso de gentrificación que se efectuó en la Colonia Doctores, ambas en la Ciudad de México durante el periodo 1994-2015. Se trata de un estudio multidimensional con enfoque en el análisis de gestión del gobierno abierto que demuestra mediante los resultados; que las decisiones gubernamentales sin la colaboración ciudadana y sin el sentido de lo público, lejos de contribuir al desarrollo social, lo perjudican.
Aplicaciones fotovoltaicas de la energía solar en los sectores residencial, servicios e industrial Conceptos básicos para el dimensionamiento y diseño de sistemas fotovoltaicos
Authors: Sánchez Juárez Aarón , Martínez Escobar Dalia , Santos Magdaleno Rocío de la Luz , Ortega Cruz José , Sánchez Pérez Andrés
Published: February 2024

Este documento es uno de los productos del área fotovoltaica del proyecto FORDECYT 190603. Está concebido como un documento básico que contiene información necesaria para adquirir conocimientos que formen recursos humanos y tecnólogos para el dimensionamiento, el diseño, la implementación, la instalación, la operación y el mantenimiento de sistemas fotovoltaicos. Se brindan los criterios de dimensionamiento y diseño eléctrico de sistemas fotovoltaicos interconectados a la red (SFV-I) en baja escala aplicados a proyectos energéticos para usuarios domésticos, residenciales, comerciales y proyectos productivos agropecuarios.
Credit Card Fraud Detection using Machine Learning (Logistic Regression)
Authors: Yogitha Yadla
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Credit Card Fraud Detection (CCFD) is a crucial application in machine learning. It aims for safeguarding financial transaction. Identifying fraud transaction and real transactions and telling that is it fraud or real. Traditional methods for credit card fraud detection rely on basic statistical techniques .credit card remains a significant challenge in the financial industry .It rely on machine learning algorithms .Fraud detection very useful for financial institution and consumers worldwide .particularly logistic regression, has emerged as a potent tool in identifying fraudulent transactions. It will consider the before amount ,after amount ,time, pin numbers based on that it will detect fraud transactions .This paper explores the application of logistic regression in credit card fraud detection , focusing on its implementation ,challenges and effectiveness .This project works for finding fraud transactions. Logistic Regression ,have shown promising results in detecting fraudulent transactions.
F1 Score Based Weighted Asynchronous Federated Learning
Authors: Yarlagadda Sneha Sree , Tule Sai Harshith , Myada Karthik
Published: February 2024

Abstract: The domain of federated learning has observed remarkable developments in recent years, enabling collaborative model training while preserving data privacy. This paper discusses several recent advancements in the field of federated learning, particularly in asynchronous and weighted federated learning. A novel approach within the federated learning paradigm titled "F1 Score Based Weighted Asynchronous Federated Learning" is introduced. The approach addresses issues of biased aggregation and device heterogeneity by assigning weights to devices based on their F1 scores, prioritizing those with superior performance in classification. Leveraging the asynchronous nature of federated learning, this approach enhances both resource efficiency and convergence speed. By incorporating F1 scores into the weighting mechanism, a balanced emphasis on precision and recall is achieved. It can optimize resource utilization, expediting the learning process by focusing on updates from devices with more accurate and valuable information. This approach can enhance collaborative model improvement while preserving data privacy in federated learning.
Students Numeracy Skills on Social Arithmetic Problems in Context of Opi Tourism
Authors: Jariyah Ainun , Zulkardi Zulkardi , Susanti Ely
Published: February 2024

This research uses descriptive technique and aims to determine student numeracy skills on Social Arithmetic Problems in Context of OPI Tourism. The subjects have been taken from class VI students in Palembang, totaling 3 people from odd semester students in the 2022/2023 academic year. While the data collection techniques used by researchers are interview tests and written tests. The indicator that often appears is using various numbers and symbols related to basic mathematics to solve problems in various contexts of everyday life and interpreting the results of the analysis to predict and make decisions Then, the indicator that rarely appears is analyzing the information displayed in various form (graphs, tables, charts, diagrams, etc)
ANÁLISE DO DESEMPENHO DE HIPERPARÂMETROS DE APRENDIZAGEM DE MÁQUINA APLICADOS NA PREVISÃO DA TAXA DE ROTATIVIDADE DE CLIENTES
Authors: Gnoatto Renan , Franzen Evandro
Published: February 2024

O presente artigo apresenta uma análise da performance de diferentes hiperparâmetros de aprendizagem de máquina, aplicados a métodos de aprendizado de máquina, na predição da taxa de rotatividade de clientes de três conjuntos de dados de organizações prestadoras de serviços. Cada um destes conjuntos de dados passou por um processo que consistiu na coleta dos mesmos, no pré-processamento dos dados, na execução dos testes e na avaliação dos resultados. Após a coleta e transformação, foram aplicados os métodos de Floresta Aleatória, Árvore de Decisão e recursos para AutoML (Auto Machine Learning). Em cada método foram feitas duas aplicações, uma utilizando os hiperparâmetros padrões e outra com os valores destes parâmetros sendo customizados. Com base nos resultados obtidos, foi possível concluir que o método Floresta Aleatória se mostrou mais eficaz na predição da taxa da rotatividade de clientes, independente do conjunto de dados ou forma de utilização dos hiperparâmetros. Ainda assim, em algumas poucas métricas o melhor resultado foi atingido pelos outros métodos, como para a métrica Recall, classe 0, onde o método MLP atingiu um resultado de 0,96 no primeiro conjunto, utilizando hiperparâmetros padrões. Da mesma forma, para o terceiro conjunto, o método Árvore de Decisão atingiu o valor de 0,85 na métrica Recall, classe 0, utilizando hiperparâmetros personalizados.
The Influence of Personal and Professional Ethics of Tax Agents on Their Perception of Tax Evasion
Authors: Johnes Abit Magdalene Christie Anak , Ibrahim Zuraeda , Baharum Zafiruddin
Published: February 2024

Research aim: This study seeks to identify the relationship between the personal and professional ethics of tax agents and their perception of tax evasion. Design/ Methodology/ Approach: A four-section survey questionnaire was used to collect data from primary sources. A total of 349 questionnaires were collected via online distribution. Research finding: The results suggest a strong positive significant relationship (p < 0.001) between personal ethics and tax agents’ perception of tax evasion. As for professional ethics, the findings show a moderate positive significant relationship (p < 0.001) between professional ethics and tax agents’ perception of tax evasion. Theoretical contribution/ Originality: Considering that this study focuses on tax agents’ perception of tax evasion, the theory pinned to this study is utilitarianism. The theory is used to predict and understand tax agents’ behaviours based on two factors: their perception of tax evasion with the influence of personal and professional ethics. Practitioner/ Policy implication: In the context of this study, government and tax authorities should provide a clear framework to guide the ethical conduct of the tax agents because of the complex nature of the tax planning environment. The framework is important to ensure that tax agents are not trapped between tax minimisation arrangements, aggressive tax planning, and tax evasion. Additionally, tax authorities, the Malaysian Association of Tax Accountants, and the Chartered Tax Institute of Malaysia can continuously organise professional development programmes addressing ethical issues and tax planning arrangements covering different jurisdictions. Research limitation: This study focuses only on tax agents’ perception of tax evasion. Future studies should include accountants, auditors, and company secretaries to gauge their perception of tax evasion because they are also actively involved with taxpayer activities.
Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior to Examine Factors Influencing Intention to Purchase Halal Chocolate Among Malaysian Muslims
Authors: Wan Nawang Wan Rasyidah , Abdul Shukor Syadiyah , Mursidi Amalina , Ismail Anita
Published: February 2024

Manuscript type: Research paper Research aims: The purpose of this study is to examine factors influencing intention to purchase halal chocolate among Muslim consumers in Malaysia by extending the classical Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). This study specifically investigates the influence of attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, halal knowledge, habit, and religiosity on the intention to purchase halal chocolate. Design/Methodology/Approach: A total of 252 valid responses were obtained through convenience sampling and analysed using SmartPLS 4.0. Research findings: The results indicate that attitude, subjective norms, and religiosity are the factors that influence purchase intention for halal chocolate, while perceived behavioural control, halal knowledge, and habit do not. Subjective norms have the strongest influence on purchase intention for halal chocolate, followed by attitude. Theoretical contribution/Originality: The findings contribute to the growing literature on halal food and consumer behaviour. In particular, the study provides empirical evidence on the importance of attitudes, subjective norms, and religiosity in influencing purchase intentions for halal chocolate. Practitioner/Policy implications: This study could serve as a basis for halal chocolate manufacturers, retailers, exporters, and importers to better understand Malaysian Muslim customers and the factors that drive them to purchase halal chocolate. Furthermore, the government and related agencies, such as the Malaysian Cocoa Board (MCB), could devise strategies to re-establish and strengthen the country’s cocoa industry, allowing Malaysia to reclaim its position as the world’s leading cocoa producer. Research limitation/Implication: This study includes six variables that influence halal chocolate purchase intention. Future studies could include other internal and external factors influencing purchase intention, such as the role of the halal certification logo
Risk governance and bank risk of public commercial banks of OECD
Authors: Malik Muddassar
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the impact of risk governance on bank risk within the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) public commercial banks. Utilizing Knight’s (1921) distinction between risk and uncertainty, it emphasizes the roles of key figures like bank directors, the chief risk officer (CRO), and the chief financial officer (CFO) in risk management. The research employs multivariate regression analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) to reveal a positive correlation between risk governance and the Tier 1 capital ratio, indicating that effective governance leads to reduced bank risk and increased financial stability. This finding is consistent with Aebi et al.’s (2012) study on risk management and bank performance. These results underscore the crucial role of robust risk governance in banking, suggesting that enhanced governance practices can significantly mitigate risks. The study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence supporting the quantification of risk through governance mechanisms, aligning with, and enriching current theoretical frameworks. While highlighting the importance of these findings, the study also acknowledges its limitations, such as potential endogeneity issues, and suggests directions for future research to expand the understanding of risk governance’s impact on bank behavior, including the exploration of additional variables and the integration of qualitative methodologies. This research holds significant implications for banking institutions and regulatory bodies, advocating for a deeper examination of risk governance strategies in banking.
Dochody socjalne ludności zamieszkałej w indywidualnych gospodarstwach rolnych
Authors: Hybel Jan
Published: February 2024

This report presents the results of the author's attempt to determine how social security payments subvene the financial standing of family farms. The analysis was based on the following years: 1994, 1995 and 1996. In the period under review, the number of paid-out retirement benefits and pensions decreased while the total sum of social security payments increased. Farmers, whose holdings were taken over by the government, received the highest pensions, while the lowest ones were obtained by those covered by a system of social insurance for farmers. Pensions accounted for only 38 per cent of family farms' total income in 1995 and for only 19.6 per cent of their disposable income. Figures show that social security benefits are of great importance in farmers' financial condition. In order to keep social security benefits for farmers at the same level, the social security system as a whole needs to be deeply reformed.
The Impact of Upstreamness on Investment Quality in Multitier Supply Chains
Authors: Chen Jengfang , Eshleman John Daniel , Kim Sungsoo
Published: February 2024

In this study, we explore the negative impact of upstreamness on suppliers’ investment quality and management earnings’ forecast accuracy and investigate whether a shared auditor engaged by both a supplier and its major customers could mitigate these effects. Using a comprehensive dataset of multitier supply chains, we find that suppliers located further upstream tend to have lower investment efficiency and exhibit less accurate management earnings forecasts. However, our results also show that the presence of a shared auditor in the supplier-customer pair could alleviate these adverse impacts by enhancing the quality of information in the supply chain. Our findings shed light on the implications of upstreamness in the supply chain, such as reduced investment efficiency and increased management forecast errors and suggest a role for information quality in mitigating these consequences.

Data Availability: All data are available from public sources mentioned in the text.
Lifetime Duration of Breastfeeding and Cardiovascular Risk in Women With Type 2 Diabetes or a History of Gestational Diabetes: Findings From Two Large Prospective Cohorts
Authors: Birukov Anna , Guasch-Ferré Marta , Ley Sylvia H. , Tobias Deirdre K. , Wang Fenglei , Wittenbecher Clemens , Yang Jiaxi , Manson JoAnn E. , Chavarro Jorge E. , Hu Frank B. , Zhang Cuilin
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVE

Breastfeeding duration is inversely associated with risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes in parous women. However, the association among women at high risk, including women with type 2 diabetes or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is unclear.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We included 15,146 parous women with type 2 diabetes from the Nurses’ Health Study I and II (NHS, NHS II) and 4,537 women with a history of GDM from NHS II. Participants reported history of breastfeeding via follow-up questionnaires. Incident CVD by 2017 comprised stroke or coronary heart disease (CHD) (myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization). Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using Cox models.

RESULTS

We documented 1,159 incident CVD cases among women with type 2 diabetes in both cohorts during 188,874 person-years of follow-up and 132 incident CVD cases among women with a GDM history during 100,218 person-years of follow-up. Longer lifetime duration of breastfeeding was significantly associated with lower CVD risk among women with type 2 diabetes, with pooled aHR of 0.68 (95% CI 0.54–0.85) for >18 months versus 0 months and 0.94 (0.91–0.98) per 6-month increment in breastfeeding. Similar associations were observed with CHD (pooled aHR 0.93 [0.88–0.97]) but not with stroke (0.96 [0.91–1.02]) per 6-month increment in breastfeeding. Among women with GDM history, >18 months versus 0 months of breastfeeding was associated with an aHR of 0.49 (0.28–0.86) for total CVD.

CONCLUSIONS

Longer duration of breastfeeding was associated with lower risk of CVD in women with type 2 diabetes or GDM.
Epidemic Curves of COVID-19 in the World which are Similar Within but not Across Regions
Authors: Yoshikura Hiroshi
Published: February 2024

The number of the COVID-19 patients (P), that of the deaths (D) and the case-fatality rate (D/P) were followed daily from 3 January 2020 till 22 December 2023 for countries in Western Pacific, European, American and African regions. The shape of the epidemic curves was similar within but not across the regions. The number of the patients was proportional to the population size and case-fatality rate was around 0.01 for all the countries except African countries where the number of the patients was not correlated with the population size
Facets of Nanotechonolgy in Dentistry-Nanodentistry
Authors: Natarajan Manikandan
Published: February 2024

Nanodentistry is a field of technology that has revolutionized the use of biotechnology at the nanoscale, including tissue engineering and nanorobots. The advancement of science and technology in nanodentisry utilizes nanostructured materials to diagnose, treat, and prevent oral and dental problems, as well as alleviate pain and preserve and improve dental health. Nanodentistry offers a wide range of applications, including dental restorative materials such as dental nanocomposites, nanofillings, nanobonding systems, nanometals, and nanometallic alloys. However, the workplace exposure and health hazards of nanodentistry have to be assessed in terms of manufacturing exposure, toxicology of nanoparticles, biological and environmental impact, recyclability, and sustainability. Dental nanomaterials are yet to be studied for true breakthrough characteristics rather than a booming marketing technique for promised improved material properties. Hence, the increased efficiency of nanomaterials must be tested over time with robust scientific proof in clinical and real-world settings. For safer production, judicious utilization, and a higher quality of life for humans and other ecosystem components, an interdisciplinary effort of scientists, researchers, policymakers, safety officers, and environmental engineers, as well as their analysis in various aspects, are addressed in the work.
Pseudosepsis in Acute Inflammation of the Lung
Authors: Klepikov Igor
Published: February 2024

Sepsis has become one of the global problems in the healthcare system in recent decades. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 49 million people suffer from sepsis every year, treatment of which leads to death in 11 million cases [1].
Inverted Pediatric Sinunasal Papilloma: Case Report
Authors: Yurochko Fedir
Published: February 2024

Inverted papilloma (IP) is a rare benign lesion, and only several cases have been described in children. The causes of IP are still unknown. This illness is characterized by a high risk of relapse, also cases of malignancy have been described. Treatment of IP is only surgical. A multi-year period of constant examinations including endoscopy of the nose and sinuses is required after the surgery. In this article, we present a case of inverted papilloma in a 13-year-old boy.
Instrumento para evaluar la percepción sobre la infraestructura física y virtual en las organizaciones: diseño y validación
Authors: Lopez Domínguez Sergio Ivan , Sotelo Asef Jesús Guillermo , Vargas Hernández Manuela
Published: February 2024

La infraestructura física y virtual son aspectos importantes por evaluar en las organizaciones, ya que, en caso de no hacerlo, pueden surgir deficiencias en las operaciones, el equipo y el mobiliario no funcional, así como escaso control de datos y recursos electrónicos y poca adaptabilidad tecnológica, entre otros. Por eso, el objetivo de este trabajo es diseñar y validar un instrumento que recolecte información relacionada con la percepción sobre infraestructura en una organización. Para ello, se empleó un enfoque cuantitativo, transversal, correlacional, no exploratorio y descriptivo. La metodológica consistió en un panel de expertos que validó el contenido, así como en un análisis factorial que validó el constructo usando la prueba KMO (Kaiser Meyer Olkin) y la esfericidad de Bartlett. Además, con el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach se obtuvo la confiabilidad del instrumento. Después de aplicar la prueba piloto a 58 individuos, el resultado fue el siguiente: KMO 0.738, esfericidad de Bartlett 0.000 y coeficiente alfa de Cronbach de 0.942 para el instrumento completo. Finalmente, los hallazgos permitieron determinar el incremento de cuatro a seis dimensiones propuestas por ISO con su respectivo coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, denominadas procesadores de información (0.882); ciberseguridad y telecomunicaciones (0.887); dispositivos electrónicos, servicio de internet y transporte (0.865); espacio físico y virtual (0.809); intercambio y almacenamiento de información (0.724); ergonomía y ventilación en el espacio de trabajo (0.861). En síntesis, la principal contribución es un instrumento pertinente y con rigor científico para el uso general en la comunidad académica y cualquier sector productivo.