bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fatty acid composition and antioxidant activity of Angelica glauca and Chenopodium album seed extracts from Kashmir
Authors: Nengroo Z.R. , Rauf A.
Published: March 2021

Angelica glauca Edgew. and Chenopodium album Linn. are medicinally important plants with aromatic, nutritious and flavor-enhancing properties. In this study the fatty acid composition of petroleum ether seed extracts (PE) of processed plants were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The PE consisted mainly of unsaturated fatty acids, such as petroselinic acid 74.26% and oleic acid 7.37% for A. glauca and linoleic acid 53.05% and oleic acid 20.74% for C. album. The de-fatted seed extracts were screened for their antioxidant activities using 2,2-di-phenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay. Almost all the assays resulted in defatted seed extracts showing powerful radical scavenging activity. These findings suggest that the processed plants could be used as ingredients (as a source of natural antioxidants and unsaturated fatty acids) for the formulation of functional foods.
Becoming an ”Ordinary” Musician
Authors: Pégourdie Adrien
Published: March 2021

This paper investigates the relationships to work of “ordinary” classical musicians teaching in provincial French music academies (conservatories). The first section examines their training and reasons for pursuing an artistic career. It identifies mechanisms of construction of artistic vocations in ordinary classical musicians. I show that the vocational sense is rooted in two fundamental principles: predestination, approached in terms of gift, and ascetic behaviour. The processes by which these two principles are instilled are uncovered by looking at the objective conditions as well as at agents and institutions involved in this appropriation—while allowing to conceal it: in particular, families and the education system. The second section then examines how teaching daily in a low-level conservatory affects this vocational sense. Various redefinitions of this practice are highlighted: teaching affiliated to art for art’s sake; a focus on putting young people to work; and a perception aiming at democratizing access to music, with undertones of activism.
Ordinary Artists: From Paradox to Paradigm?
Authors: Perrenoud Marc , Bois Géraldine
Published: March 2021

The theme of this first Biens symboliques / Symbolic Goods dossier is “ordinary artists”—that is to say those musicians, painters, writers, dancers or actors who are neither rich nor famous. The practicalities (working conditions, career instability, the necessity of doing more than one job, etc.) of carrying out their work, and the way they perceive these practicalities (as relegation, or in hope of future recognition) are understood in terms of the paradoxical situation in which these artists find themselves: one that is at once banal (since it concerns most artists), and unconventional (since it derogates from the ideology of originality which governs the world of the arts). The sociology of artistic work, conscious of the part played by social structures, falls within a greater body of recent research into minor or partial modes of artistic recognition, while at the same time paying homage to more classical sociologists such as Howard Becker, Pierre Bourdieu, and Raymonde Moulin. Thanks to articles by Audrey Millet, Serge Katz, Adrien Pégourdie, and Jérémy Sinigaglia, the category of “ordinary” is understood via varied artistic disciplines (plastic and graphic arts, audiovisual media, theatre, classical music, dance) and in very different historical or contemporary contexts, but it is also employed from the perspective of another kind of producers of symbolic goods—intellectuals— in the article by Pierre Bataille, which is dedicated to former students of the prestigious École normale supérieure, who have pursued a form of “downgraded” career path. The dossier ends with an interview with Howard Becker, whose work on “dance musicians” helped form the concept of ordinary artists.
Surveying Literary Life
Authors: Ducournau Claire , Glinoer Anthony
Published: March 2021

Against the current trend in favour of the so-called disruptive nature of the “digital humanities,” this dossier focuses on the way past and present specialists of sociohistorical studies on print and literature have designed and used databases. Working with databases responds to crucial challenges, both technical and scientific, about producing evidence or defining the subject and issue of a research. By shedding light on what happens behind the scenes when databases are mobilised, this second thematic dossier of Biens symboliques / Symbolic Goods explores how digital data have become essential in many studies, and have therefore allowed us to survey literary life (in terms of both measuring and re-evaluating it) in different periods. In this perspective, three lines of questioning are proposed in this introduction: how databases are designed; how they are used; and how they are stored.
Politiser le désarroi militant
Authors: Carrié Fabien
Published: March 2021

Cet article restitue la genèse et la carrière, au sein du mouvement animaliste français contemporain, de la notion controversée de « végéphobie », discrimination que subiraient les végétarien·ne·s, végétalien·ne·s et vegans engagé·e·s pour les animaux. Pour comprendre les logiques de cette formalisation, on s’intéresse en préalable au développement du mouvement de libération animale et pour les droits des animaux en Grande-Bretagne et aux États-Unis à partir des années 1970. Les difficultés rencontrées par les passeur·se·s français pour implanter ce mouvement social et pour reproduire le coup double réussi des intellectuel·le·s anglophones de la cause, parvenu·e·s à légitimer leurs mots d’ordre à la fois dans le champ intellectuel et dans l’espace militant, entraînent des tentatives d’ajustement. Ainsi en est-il de l’invention de la végéphobie, nourrie des expériences malheureuses des premiers importateur·rice·s en France des mots d’ordre de l’antispécisme et de la libération animale. En politisant le désarroi militant et en traduisant les résistances rencontrées comme autant d’expressions d’un système généralisé d’oppression, il s’agit de redéfinir partiellement l’entreprise de représentation politique afin d’y inclure également les représentant·e·s revendiqué·e·s des animaux. L’étude de la trajectoire de cette notion, couplée à l’analyse comparée des développements de la cause animale en France et dans les pays anglophones, permet de montrer en acte comment évoluent et se transforment les porte-parolats et les pratiques militantes.
Politicizing Activist Discontent
Authors: Carrié Fabien
Published: March 2021

This article explains the genesis and career within the French animal rights movement, of the controversial notion of “vegephobia,” which refers to the discrimination experienced by those who are vegetarian or vegan for reasons of animal protection. To understand the rationale of this formalization, we focus first on the development from the 1970s, of the animal liberation and animal rights movements in Great Britain and the United States. The difficulties encountered by the French importers in introducing this social movement and reproducing the “double hit” achieved by English-speaking intellectuals of the cause who succeeded in legitimizing their beliefs both in the intellectual field and the activist space, led to adjustment attempts. Thus came about the invention of vegephobia, fuelled by the negative experiences of the first importers of the ideas of anti-speciesism and animal liberation to France. By politicizing activist discontent and translating resistance encountered into expressions of a widespread system of oppression, the aim is to partly redefine political representation to also include those claiming to represent animals. The study of the trajectory of this notion, together with comparative analysis of the developments of animal protection in France and in English-speaking countries, shows how the practices of both advocates and activists evolve and transform.
Sociologues en soi, sociologues pour soi
Authors: Bois Géraldine , Thibault Adrien
Published: March 2021

La sociologie de l’art et de la culture est-elle un sous-champ de la sociologie ? On peut parler de sous-champ de la sociologie de l’art et de la culture si on parvient à mettre en évidence l’existence d’une population de sociologues de l’art et de la culture à la fois en soi et pour soi, c’est-à-dire à la fois objectivement et subjectivement distincte de la population des sociologues dans son ensemble. L’étude de l’espace des congrès de l’AFS – notamment au prisme de l’analyse de réseaux – révèle que ni les seuls communicant·e·s du réseau thématique [RT] de sociologie de l’art et de la culture (RT14), ni l’ensemble des communicant·e·s sur l’art et la culture ne constituent un groupe distinct et fortement investi dans une seule et même spécialité sociologique. Ainsi, les spécialités ne font pas nécessairement les spécialistes. L’article montre enfin que si une partie des sociologues de l’art et de la culture ont un haut degré de spécialisation objective et subjective, cela ne suffit pas à faire exister un véritable sous-champ.
The Limits of Competence
Authors: Coavoux Samuel
Published: March 2021

This article examines the intersection between two apparently separate specialities—the sociology of art gallery participation and the sociology of political behaviour—that share a common concept: competence. It reveals how recent work within political sociology can provide a helpful analogy for thinking about art publics. Using data from an empirical research, through observations and interviews, on the situated reception of a work of art, The Flight into Egypt by Nicolas Poussin (1657), I explore several strands: the status-linked dimension of competence; reliance on the lower levels of competence and the resources provided by personal experience in forming an opinion; as well as assessment of the normativity of competence (like the vote, visiting an art gallery is in many regards a duty, although to a lesser degree).
Autonomies of Art and Culture
Authors: Pacouret Jérôme , Hauchecorne Mathieu
Published: March 2021

This dossier aims to explore the way social sciences study relations between spaces of symbolic production and the political or economic fields. It focuses on uses in the sociology of culture, art, and ideas of the concept of autonomy, and on the various forms that the relative autonomy of art and culture can take depending on the configurations studied. The contributions and different case studies presented highlight the polysemy of the concept of autonomy on a theoretical level, and the multiplicity of its variations on an empirical level. Through a comparative presentation of the different cases studied in the dossier, the introduction specifically addresses three issues: the links between scholarly and vernacular uses of the concept of autonomy ; the empirical measure of the latter ; and the social conditions that enable it.
Les transformations de la programmation musicale
Authors: Picaud Myrtille
Published: March 2021

Cet article examine les liens entre autonomie structurelle et autonomie professionnelle, en comparant les sous-champs des salles de musique à Paris et Berlin. Alors que la musique « vivante » connait de profondes mutations économiques, cet article éclaire comment les variations de l’autonomie d’un sous-champ influent sur la définition de l’activité des programmateurs et programmatrices dans les deux villes. L’hétéronomie croissante du sous-champ parisien, facilitée par le plus fort développement professionnel, menace l’autonomie des programmateurs, qui s’ajustent en redéfinissant leur territoire professionnel. La situation berlinoise éclaire quant à elle les conditions de possibilité de l’autonomie d’un sous-champ musical dont l’économie est moins développée, où l’autonomie professionnelle des programmateurs et programmatrices est limitée. Autonomie structurelle et autonomie professionnelle ne vont ainsi pas de pair, mais leur articulation doit être comprise à l’aune des rapports de force au sein du champ musical global.
Indépendance et autonomie
Authors: Noël Sophie
Published: March 2021

La revendication d’indépendance a pris dans les espaces de production symbolique, et en particulier dans le secteur du livre, une importance croissante. Nombreuses sont les structures éditoriales ou les librairies se définissant comme « indépendantes » dans un contexte de rationalisation économique perçu comme une menace pour leur autonomie telle que la définit la sociologie de la culture. L’objet de cet article est de confronter ces deux notions proches, l’une (l’indépendance) issue des catégories indigènes, l’autre (l’autonomie) renvoyant à l’univers savant. Ce faisant, il s’agit d’éclairer les enjeux liés aux usages rhétoriques et à la mobilisation de la thématique de l’indépendance par deux catégories centrales d’acteurs du monde du livre, les éditeurs et les libraires. L’hypothèse poursuivie est que la mise en avant de leur indépendance par des acteurs de taille et d’importance diverses répond à une perte d’autonomie au sens sociologique du terme, tout en leur fournissant une arme efficace pour la défense de positions menacées. Alors que les contraintes économiques et la concurrence entre acteurs se font plus pressantes, l’indépendance devient une ressource symbolique centrale et un enjeu dans la lutte pour la reconnaissance, tant externe qu’interne.
Making TV
Authors: Sofio Séverine , Mille Muriel
Published: March 2021

Supposedly losing ground with the multiplication of screens and new consumer practices for audiovisual productions, television is undergoing major transformations. Nevertheless, it remains a dominant medium. This dossier focuses on the making of television programmes—a subject rarely studied by social science. We propose to analyse, through different perspectives, the workings of audiovisual production in order to question the dynamics of the division of labour, the effects of the multiple constraints (of time, audience, budget, etc.) on the produced content, the mechanisms of the internationalization of the television programme market, and TV writers’ difficulty in gaining recognition.
Meeting within Globalization
Authors: Lecler Romain
Published: March 2021

This article deals with a paradox of contemporary globalization: while on the one hand, the ability to communicate over long distances allows us to further streamline and depersonalize our exchanges, on the other, there has been a rise in international events that are dedicated to professional meetings in a wide range of economic sectors since the 1980s. This article addresses the issue with a survey of two international film and TV “marketplaces” that bring together thousands of professionals in the film and television industry from around the world. By examining interactions between participants, it is emphasised that these events are above all social spaces, contrary to other accounts that reduce them to spaces for data collection or symbolic competition. By encouraging the creation of social groupings, these events indeed contribute towards delimiting a transnational professional community. Moreover, although these are commercial business events, the strictly economic stakes are greatly minimized or euphemized. The personalization of relationships between participants predominates, which is crucial in ensuring the long-term sustainability of trade.
Authorship and Creative Management in Established British TV
Authors: Sessego Vic
Published: March 2021

Authorship in television has been a blind spot in television studies, as the concept of the author does not go hand in hand with the collective nature of the production process. Redefining authorship in a collective context, this paper investigates the division of labour in the writing process of the British science fiction series Doctor Who, as well as the power dynamics resulting from symbolic attributions of authorship to specific players, and in particular the showrunner, depending on their reputation. This study shows how production constraints are integrated into the writing process, blurring the lines between writing, which is constructed as authored in British television, and the production process in itself, deemed more technical. Finally, the consequences of perceiving workers as authors, more broadly talents, are explored. It indeed leads to management methods specific to creative workers and to disruptions in the production process, to adapt to “talented” workers’ needs.
Autorité créative et management des talents dans l’industrie télévisée britannique
Authors: Sessego Vic
Published: March 2021

Dans l’industrie télévisuelle, les définitions classiques de l’auteur·e sont incompatibles avec l’essence collective du processus de production. Cet article analyse la division du travail du processus d’écriture de la série britannique de science-fiction Doctor Who, en explorant notamment les rapports de force conduisant à l’attribution du statut d’auteur·e à certaines des personnes engagées dans la création de la série plutôt qu’à d’autres. Mener à bien cette analyse impose de redéfinir ce que constitue le fait d’être auteur·e dans un contexte collectif, ce que nous appellerons « auteurité » (traduction du concept authorship). Nous verrons comment les contraintes de production sont intégrées dans le processus d’écriture lui-même, brouillant les frontières entre l’écriture, considérée comme le domaine de l’auteur·e dans la télévision britannique, et le processus de production, considéré comme essentiellement technique. Enfin, nous envisagerons les conséquences de la perception de certaines des personnes engagées dans le processus créatif comme auteurs et comme « talents » sur le management et l’organisation de la production.
La Maison de l’histoire européenne
Authors: Dupont Christine
Published: March 2021

La Maison de l’histoire européenne (MHE) est un musée d’histoire de l’Europe, institué et administré par le Parlement européen et ouvert à Bruxelles depuis mai 2017. Quels sont les défis rencontrés par cette institution muséale particulière ? Le point de vue de cette contribution est celui de l’une des conservatrices qui travaille, depuis le lancement du projet en 2011, au développement des contenus et à leur communication. Le musée est donc ici au centre du propos, à travers ses collections et ses présentations d’abord (quel récit d’histoire de l’Europe ?), à travers les normes qui le régissent et les pratiques professionnelles qu’il met en œuvre ensuite, et, enfin, à travers ce qu’implique la spécificité européenne, transnationale de ce musée, aussi bien du point de vue des contenus que du fonctionnement au sein d’une institution européenne.
Ce que le numérique fait à la lecture
Authors: Rabot Cécile
Published: March 2021

Les écrits sur le numérique et ses effets sur la culture sont nombreux, mais insuffisants pour qui veut tenter de comprendre ce que le numérique fait à la lecture littéraire ordinaire. De nombreux discours, optimistes ou inquiets, pointent les possibles ouverts par les nouveaux supports ou les menaces qu’ils font apparaître. Les neurosciences semblent pouvoir conforter les deux positions, selon l’interprétation qu’elles font de leurs données ; elles n’offrent souvent qu’une compréhension limitée en n’intégrant guère les variations sociales des usages et en replaçant peu les usages dans une pratique et dans un contexte. Les sciences de l’information et de la communication se concentrent plus largement sur les dispositifs, les usages et usager·ère·s qu’ils supposent ou favorisent, que sur leurs appropriations réelles. Les statistiques publiques mesurent des usages sans pouvoir en rendre compte. Ce dossier de Biens symboliques entend réinscrire la lecture dans les perspectives offertes à la fois par l’histoire du livre et par les sciences sociales. Pour sortir de débats largement idéologiques qui opposent les anciens et les modernes, il se propose de réunir des enquêtes empiriques qui à la fois distinguent les supports et sont attentives aux variations sociales entre les usages. Le dossier s’ouvre par un entretien avec Roger Chartier qui situe la lecture numérique dans le temps long de l’histoire de l’écrit et interroge la rupture que le numérique a opérée dans l’ordre des livres. Trois enquêtes sociologiques sur des pratiques de lecture ordinaire mettent ensuite cette interrogation à l’épreuve du terrain : qu’est-ce qui change dans le passage de l’imprimé aux écrans pour les lecteur·rice·s socialisé·e·s dans l’ordre des livres qui deviennent des adeptes du support numérique, testent un dispositif de prêt de liseuses ou au contraire n’imaginent pas du tout transposés en numérique les profits qu’ils tirent du livre papier ? Le dossier explore enfin quelques usages propres permis par le numérique, de pratiques savantes ordinaires qui passent par l’usage de corpus numérisés à des pratiques de lecture/commentaire d’une production littéraire de bande dessinée nativement numérique. Si « métamorphose du lecteur » il y a, selon l’expression de Pierre Assouline, où se situe-t-elle ? Sans prétendre en préciser toutes les facettes, ce dossier vise à montrer l’intérêt de l’enquête empirique sur une question qui a fait couler beaucoup d’encre mais reste largement ouverte.
From Print to Digital: A Revolution in the Order of Speeches
Authors: Rabot Cécile , Chartier Roger
Published: March 2021

In this interview, historian of books Roger Chartier discusses some of the main concepts and findings of his research in light of the development of digital reading. The shift induced by the emergence of digital reading devices is replaced within the scope of major long-term transformations in the history of books. Having emphasized the materiality of digital reading devices, Chartier explains how they have been changing existing modes of reading as well as forms of textuality and intertextuality, and more broadly revolutionizing the economic structures of the book market and the conditions of intellectual work and of its dissemination.
Reading Classics on Electronic Readers in Municipal Libraries
Authors: Kellner Stéphanie
Published: March 2021

This article reviews an experimental study put in place in a municipal library, where electronic readers containing literary classics were made available to the public. The survey is based on quantitative and qualitative data and aims to socially situate reading practices on electronic readers, as well as apprehend the ambivalent cultural behaviour on the part of readers. The results allow us to grasp the significance of their positioning and social trajectories, as well as bring to light the generational and professional stakes at play in acquiring the necessary digital skills when borrowing an e-reader. While readers’ attraction towards the device stems from neophilia and is justified by their practical interest in the device—echoing the librarians’ comments who are themselves oriented towards novelty—the study illustrates that these readers nonetheless insist on assigning a higher symbolic value to paper books than to their digital equivalent. These representations are all the more reinforced by the absence of digital skills in these readers, which, as a result, leads to a short-lived reading experiment.
Developments in the Scholarly Use of Digital Archive Material
Authors: Chevallier Philippe
Published: March 2021

In order to analyse ordinary scholarly practices in the age of digital technology, we are obliged to explore the route of digital archives, whose number of users, volume of documents, and range of content have increased considerably in the past decade. Two studies carried out five years apart on users of the Gallica digital library, the digital archive of the Bibliothèque nationale de France (France’s national library) and its partners, alongside other analysis (semi-structured interviews; ethnographic video observations; and analysis of access logs) have enabled conclusions to be drawn from changes in recent years in our relationship to digital archive material and its user interfaces regarding the growing role of personal research and the development of close reading online.
Management and Strategies for Digital Enterprise Transformation
Authors: Cervantes-Guzmán Jovanna Nathalie
Published: March 2021

The chapter explores the utility of neuroeconomics in decision making and behavior. Scientific knowledge will be advanced in the need for the application of neuroeconomics focused on one of the services of the information and communication technologies (ICT) of companies, that is, e-commerce of exponential artisanal SMEs of women entrepreneurs, by developing a proposal for a business model to increase the possibility of growth of their companies at the level national and international level. The methodologies used were deductive, exploratory, descriptive, correlational, and documentary. Neuroeconomics have the potential to explain the phenomena that are considered as a deviation from the prediction or behavioral bias of decision-making models in economic theory. The study is quantitative using primary and secondary sources for research.
Drop Solution Calorimetric Studies of Interface Enthalpy of Cubic Silver (I) Oxide (Ag2O) Nanocrystals
Authors: Al-Essa Khansaa , Radha A V , Navrotsky Alexandra
Published: March 2021

The nanoscale, cubic silver (I) oxide (Ag2O.nH2O) with different particles sizes and surface areas were synthesized by a wet chemical technique. The prepared crystallite size ranges were from (33.3±0.3 to 39.4±0.4 nm). Interface areas were estimated by comparing the surface areas measured by N2adsorption to the crystallite sizes refined from X-ray diffraction data. The interface enthalpy of Ag2O.nH2O nanocrystal was measured using isothermal acid solution calorimetry in 25%HNO3at 26°C. The interface enthalpy was verified by utilizing thermodynamic cycle. The enthalpies of drop solution (ΔHds) for Ag2O.nH2O are exothermic and range from (-62.228±0.197) to (-64.025±0.434 kJ/mol), while its interface enthalpy is (0.842±0.508 J/m2). This work provides the first calorimetric measurement of the interface enthalpy of nanocrystalline silver (I) oxide (Ag2O.nH2O).
Insulin Receptor–Expressing T Cells Appear in Individuals at Risk for Type 1 Diabetes and Can Move into the Pancreas in C57BL/6 Transgenic Mice
Authors: Nandedkar-Kulkarni Neha , Esakov Emily , Gregg Brigid , Atkinson Mark A. , Rogers Douglas G. , Horner James D. , Singer Kanakadurga , Lundy Steven K. , Felton Jamie L. , Al-Huniti Tasneem , Kalinoski Andrea Nestor , Morran Michael P. , Gupta Nirdesh K. , Bretz James D. , Balaji Swapnaa , Chen Tian , McInerney Marcia F.
Published: March 2021

Insulin receptor (IR) expression on the T cell surface can indicate an activated state; however, the IR is also chemotactic, enabling T cells with high IR expression to physically move toward insulin. In humans with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and the NOD mouse model, a T cell–mediated autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β cells occurs. In previous work, when purified IR+ and IR− T cells were sorted from diabetic NOD mice and transferred into irradiated nondiabetic NOD mice, only those that received IR+ T cells developed insulitis and diabetes. In this study, peripheral blood samples from individuals with T1D (new onset to 14 y of duration), relatives at high-risk for T1D, defined by positivity for islet autoantibodies, and healthy controls were examined for frequency of IR+ T cells. High-risk individuals had significantly higher numbers of IR+ T cells as compared with those with T1D (p < 0.01) and controls (p < 0.001); however, the percentage of IR+ T cells in circulation did not differ significantly between T1D and control subjects. With the hypothesis that IR+ T cells traffic to the pancreas in T1D, we developed a (to our knowledge) novel mouse model exhibiting a FLAG-tagged mouse IR on T cells on the C57BL/6 background, which is not susceptible to developing T1D. Interestingly, these C57BL/6-CD3FLAGmIR/mfm mice showed evidence of increased IR+ T cell trafficking into the islets compared with C57BL/6 controls (p < 0.001). This transgenic animal model provides a (to our knowledge) novel platform for investigating the influence of IR expression on T cell trafficking and the development of insulitis.
Arab and Muslim scientists and their contributions to the history of ophthalmology
Authors: Abudawood Ghufran A. , Alshareef Reem , Alghamdi Saeed
Published: March 2021

Arab and Muslim scientists were pioneers in the development of medical sciences, treating patients, and performing operations in many medical specialties. This article reviews their major contributions in ophthalmology that led to the development of this field. Considering the little-known role of Arab and Muslim scientists in the history of ophthalmology, this article provide insights into the great physicians from the 10th to the 13th century. Despite the destruction of Islamic civilizations by the Mongols in the late 14th century, some of their books and manuscripts are still preserved, testifying to their influence, including the first detailed drawing of the eye anatomy by Hunayn AlAbadi (808 A.D.), proposing the first occlusive treatment for amblyopia by Thabit Alharrani (823 A.D.), discovering the science of optics and theory of vision related to light reflection by Al-Hasan ibn Al-Haytham (965 A.D.), inventing of the hollow needle used to aspirate cataract by Ammar Al-Mawsili (1010 A.D.), and drawing surgical instruments by Khalifah ibn Al-Mahasin (1256 A.D.).
Nonorganic visual loss in a child
Authors: Mukherjee Bipasha , Nayak Suraj
Published: March 2021

Nonorganic visual loss (NOVL) is a rare presentation of visual conversion disorder. It may be suspected when the visual symptoms do not commensurate with the clinical signs on examination and in the absence of any organic etiology. We report a 10-year-old male child presenting with recurrent episodes of sudden-onset ptosis associated with a decrease in vision and diplopia. He was initially diagnosed and treated as juvenile myasthenia gravis elsewhere. However, as extensive investigations were negative, he underwent a psychological evaluation and was found to have a NOVL. There was a spontaneous resolution of symptoms following therapy. NOVL is a rare but important differential diagnosis in children with vision loss in the absence of ocular pathology.
Depression and behavior problems among children residing at welfare hostels and orphanages
Authors: Pasupula Sai Kiran , Kodali Madhavi , Benerji Therissa , Parvathaneni Krishna Mohan
Published: March 2021

Context:

Childhood-onset of depression is often associated with childhood family adversity, parental neglect, and problematic peer relationships. Emotional and behavioral problems and high rates of depression were more common in orphans when compared to nonorphan.

Aim:

The aim was to study and compare the depression and behavioral problems among children residing at welfare hostels and orphanages.

Materials and Methods:

This study is a cross-sectional and descriptive study. Three welfare hostels and four orphanages run by nongovernment organizations were approached, and children between the ages of six and fourteen were recruited. Children residing at home were taken as controls. Children's Depression Rating Scale and Rutter's Behavior Scale for Children were applied to assess depression and behavioral problems, respectively.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Statistical analysis was done using Epi Info software.

Results:

Depression is found to a greater extent among children in the orphanages' group than in the welfare group. Rutter's score ≥9 was observed in 15%, 8.3%, and 5% of children in the welfare hostels' group, orphanages' group, and controls' group, respectively.

Conclusions:

The prevalence of depression is found to be more among orphanage children, followed by children residing at welfare hostels compared to the control group. Behavior problems are more among children residing at welfare hostels than children residing at orphanages.
Knowledge, awareness, and attitude of health professions student's towards end-of-life patient care
Authors: Sameer Aga Syed , Khan Muhammad Anwar
Published: March 2021

Objectives:

Provision of ethical medical care is the totem pole of the health-care system and to make appropriate decisions while providing the end-of-life (EOL) care is essential for all physicians. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, awareness, and attitude of health professions students (HPSs) about the bioethics of EOL medical care.

Methodology:

This cross-sectional study was carried out in all colleges of our University for Health Sciences, Jeddah Campus from September 2019 to December 2019. A predesigned and validated questionnaire about end of life patient care was adopted to achieve the purpose of the study.

Results:

A total of 522 students responded to this survey, of them, 290 (55.6%) were male, while 232 (44.4%) were female with a ratio of 1:1.25. Also, 226 (43.3%) of the respondents were from College of Medicine (COM), 142 (27.2%) from College of Health Professions (COSHP), 86 (16.5%) from College of Applied Medical Sciences (CAMS), and 68 (13.0%) from College of Nursing (CON). 44.9% of the males and 52.6% of females had a disagreement with the statement that patient has the right to end his or her own life of which 24.8% of COM, 27.9% of CAMS, 35.3% of CON, and 26.85% of COSHP strongly disagreed (P < 0.001). Additionally, most of the HPSs agreed to that terminally ill patients can die peacefully at home of which 69.9% were of COM, 46.5% of CAMS, 41.2% of CON, and 46.5% of COSHP students (P < 0.001). The analysis of data showed that COM and CON students' bioethical knowledge and awareness about EOL care was higher than that of CAMS and COSHP.

Conclusions:

The awareness about the bioethical concepts of EOL care was good among the HPSs of KSAU-HS, however this study identifies a need of introducing the bioethical concepts of palliative care in the curriculum.
Pediatric giant cell reparative granuloma of the lower clivus
Authors: Nakamura Honami , Morisako Hiroki , Ohata Hiroki , Kuwae Yuko , Teranishi Yuichi , Goto Takeo
Published: March 2021

Giant cell reparative granuloma (GCRG) is a benign nonneoplastic granulomatous lesion and is rare in the cranial bone. We present a pediatric case of this lesion arising from the condyle and lower clivus. A 9-year-old girl presented with slowly progressive hoarseness and dysphagia. She showed left glossopharyngeal, vagus, and hypoglossal nerve palsy. An osteolytic lesion around the lower clivus and condyle joint was accompanied by deformation of the craniovertebral junction. An endoscopic endonasal approach was used to decompress the cranial nerve and confirm the pathological finding. The lesion around the condyle was not resected to preserve occipito-cervical stability. The residual lesion has been observed carefully for 6 months, and regrowth has not occurred. GCRG is a rare granulomatous lesion in the cranial bone. This case is the first report of a pediatric clival GCRG. Treating pediatric GCRG may be helpful.
Hybrid implants in anterior cervical decompressive surgery for degenerative disease
Authors: Visocchi Massimiliano , Marino Salvatore , Ducoli Giorgio , Barbagallo Giuseppe M. V. , Ciappetta Pasqualino , Signorelli Francesco
Published: March 2021

Background:

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) still represent the mainstream surgical approach in the treatment of degenerative cervical Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD), being a loss of mobility at the treated segment and adjacent segment diseases well-known complications. To overcome those complications, hybrid surgery (HS) incorporating ACDF and cervical disk arthroplasty is increasingly performed for DDD.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical, surgical, and outcome data of 62 consecutive patients (male/female, 29/37) harboring cervical disk herniation with or without osteophytes, with radiculopathy with or without myelopathy, who underwent a cervical discectomy on two or more levels with the anterior approach with at least one disk prosthesis along with cage and plate or O Profile screwed plate.

Results:

All the patients improved regardless of the cervical construct used. No significant relationship between different kind of prostheses as well as their surgical level, the number and the site of the cages (screwed and/or plated) was found out concerning immediate stability, dynamic prosthesis effectiveness, and clinical improvement in all the patients up to the maximum follow-up.

Conclusions:

Although the optimal surgical technique for cervical DDD remains controversial, HS represents a safe and effective procedure in selected patients with multilevel cervical DDD, as demonstrated by biomechanical and clinical studies and the present series. Some technical aspects should be considered when dealing with this procedure, like the drilling of the endplate, and some radiological findings have to be detected because potentially predictive of future misplacement.
Pulsatile cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in Chiari I malformation syringomyelia
Authors: Luzzi Sabino , Giotta Lucifero Alice , Elsawaf Yasmeen , Elbabaa Samer K. , Del Maestro Mattia , Savioli Gabriele , Galzio Renato , Gragnaniello Cristian
Published: March 2021

Background:

Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the syringomyelia associated with Chiari I malformation (CM-1) are still not completely understood, and reliable predictors of the outcome of posterior fossa decompression (PFD) are lacking accordingly. The reported prospective case-series study aimed to prove the existence of a pulsatile, biphasic systolic–diastolic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics inside the syrinx associated with CM-1 and to assess its predictive value of patients' outcome after PFD. Insights into the syringogenesis are also reported.

Methods:

Fourteen patients with symptomatic CM-1 syringomyelia underwent to a preoperative neuroimaging study protocol involving conventional T1/T2 and cardiac-gated cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging sequences. Peak systolic and diastolic velocities were acquired at four regions of interest (ROIs): syrinx, ventral, and dorsal cervical subarachnoid space and foramen magnum region. Data were reported as mean ± standard deviation. After PFD, the patients underwent a scheduled follow-up lasting 3 years. One-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni Post hoc test of multiple comparisons was performed P was <0.001.

Results:

All symptoms but atrophy and spasticity improved. PFD caused a significant velocity changing of each ROI. Syrinx and premedullary cistern velocities were found to be decreased within the 1st month after PFD (<0.001). A caudad and cephalad CSF jet flow was found inside the syrinx during systole and diastole, respectively.

Conclusion:

Syrinx and premedullary cistern velocities are related to an early improvement of symptoms in patients with CM-1 syringomyelia who underwent PFD. The existence of a biphasic pulsatile systolic–diastolic CSF pattern inside the syrinx validates the “transmedullary” theory about the syringogenesis.
Predictive value of intraoperative D-wave and m-MEP neurophysiological monitoring in patients with preoperative motor deficits in immediate and late postoperative period
Authors: Bir Megha , Gupta Uditi , Jaryal Ashok Kumar , Singh Akanksha , Netam Ritesh , Kale Shashank Sharad , Chandra Sarat P , Singh Manmohan , Rath Girija Prasad
Published: March 2021

Background:

Presence of preoperative motor deficits in patients poses a distinct challenge in monitoring the integrity of corticospinal tracts during spinal surgeries. The inconsistency of the motor-evoked potentials is such patients, limits its clinical utility. D-wave is a robust but less utilized technique for corticospinal tract monitoring. The comparative clinical value of these two techniques has not been evaluated in the patients with preoperative deficits.

Objectives:

The objective of the study was to compare the predictive utility of myogenic Motor Evoked Potentials (m-MEP) and D-wave in terms of recordability and their sensitivity and specificity in predicting transient and permanent new motor deficits.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty-one patients with preoperative motor deficit scheduled to undergo spinal surgery were included in the study. Intraoperative m-MEP and D-wave changes were identified and correlated with postoperative neurology in the immediate postoperative period and at the time of discharge.

Results:

The mean preoperative motor power of the patient pool in left and right lower limb was 2.97 ± 1.56 and 3.32 ± 1.49, respectively. The recordability of m-MEPs and D-wave was observed to be 79.4% and 100%, respectively. The m-MEP predicted the motor deterioration in immediate postoperative period with 100% sensitivity and 80% specificity, while D-wave had 14% sensitivity and 100% specificity. At the time of discharge, m-MEPs' specificity reduced to 61%, while D-wave demonstrated 100% specificity.

Conclusions:

D-wave has a better recordability than m-MEPs in neurologically compromised patients. D-wave predicts development of long-term deficits with 100% specificity, while m-MEPs have a high sensitivity for transient neurological deficit. A combination of D-wave and m-MEP is recommended for monitoring the integrity of the corticospinal tract in patients with preoperative motor deficits.
Report of two cases with omovertebral bone and Klippel–Feil syndrome with craniovertebral junction instability
Authors: Shah Abhidha , Hawaldar Akshay , Lunawat Aditya , Dandpat Saswat , Goel Atul
Published: March 2021

We present a report of two patients having the association of omovertebra, Sprengel's deformity of the shoulder and Klippel–Feil abnormality with craniovertebral junctional instability. Our literature survey did not locate any report of such association. Significance of bone alterations is analyzed. Two young patients presented with neck pain, torticollis, webbed neck, and spastic quadriparesis. In both patients, the investigations revealed basilar invagination, Klippel–Feil abnormality and Sprengel's deformity of the shoulder. Apart from these relatively common associations, both the patients had omovertebral bone that extended from the transverse process of C5 vertebra to scapula. Following atlantoaxial stabilization surgery, the patients rapidly recovered from all symptoms. Musculoskeletal abnormalities at the craniovertebral junction that include Klippel–Feil abnormality, Sprengel's shoulder, and omovertebra are secondary alterations to primary atlantoaxial instability.
A morphological analysis of the cervical spine of the dolphin
Authors: Goel Aimee , Shah Abhidha , Gaikwad Santosh
Published: March 2021

Objective:

Morphology of bones of cervical vertebrae of dolphin was studied. When compared to human vertebrae the structural modifications in terms of functional needs are evaluated.

Material:

Morphological analysis of duly prepared bones of species D. delphis was carried out.

Result:

The craniocervical junction and cervical spine of the dolphin (Delphinus delphis) has unique adaptations to allow for dorsoventrally undulating swimming movements as well as leaping out of water. The key differences from the human cervical spine include the absence of an odontoid process limiting rotatory movements, disproportionately short and wide vertebral bodies and a unilaterally elongated transverse process of the axis. Moreover, the cervical spine of the dolphin is disproportionally short compared to humans. These modifications give strength and stability to the cervical spine allowing maximal agility for flexion-extension movements of the lumbocaudal spine, which are keys for propulsion. The unilaterally elongated transverse process likely allows for rotatory spinning, suggesting possible lateral dominance of rotatory spin in this species.

Conclusions:

Despite the skeletal adaptations, the cervical spine is strongly resonant of a mammalian heritage with a remarkably similar form and structure to house neurovascular contents and to allow muscular attachments.
Efficient, Flexible and Secure Group Key Management Protocol for Dynamic IoT Settings
Authors: Kabra Adhirath , Kumar Sumit , S. Kasbekar Gaurav
Published: March 2021

For many Internet of Things (IoT) scenarios, group communication in the form of multicasting and broadcasting has proven to be effective. Classical Group Key Management (GKM) schemes perform inefficiently in dynamic IoT environments, wherein nodes frequently leave or join a network or migrate from one group to another. In this paper, we present a highly efficient and secure GKM protocol for dynamic IoT settings, which maintains forward and backward secrecy at all times and is completely resistant to collusion attacks. Also, our protocol is highly flexible and can handle several new scenarios in which device or user dynamics may take place, e.g., allowing a device group to join or leave the network or creation or dissolution of a user group, which are not handled by schemes proposed in prior work. We evaluate the performance of the proposed protocol via extensive mathematical analysis and numerical computations.
Mixed partition functions and exponentially bounded edge-connection rank
Authors: Regts Guus , Sevenster Bart
Published: March 2021

We study graph parameters whose associated edge-connection matrices have exponentially bounded rank growth. Our main result is an explicit construction of a large class of graph parameters with this property that we call
mixed partition functions
. Mixed partition functions can be seen as a generalization of partition functions of vertex models, as introduced by de la Harpe and Jones, [P. de la Harpe and V. F. R. Jones, Graph invariants related to statistical mechanical models: examples and problems,
J. Combin. Theory Ser. B
57 (1993), no. 2, 207–227.] and they are related to invariant theory of orthosymplectic supergroup. We moreover show that evaluations of the characteristic polynomial of a simple graph are examples of mixed partition functions, answering a question of de la Harpe and Jones. (NOTE. Some of the results of this paper were announced in an extended abstract: G. Regts and B. Sevenster, Partition functions from orthogonal and symplectic group invariants,
Electron. Notes Discrete Math.
61 (2017), 1011–1017. Unfortunately that reference contains a mistake; we will comment on that below).
An Exercise in Rigor: A Review of Robert K. Yin’s Case Study Research Design and Methods
Authors: Daughtery Crystal
Published: March 2021

In his fourth edition of Case Study Research Design and Methods, Robert K. Yin continues to encourage the formation of better case study research. The text provides a technical yet practical guide to aid the committed researcher. It is an effort to promote rigor and to encourage the recognition of the limitations and awareness of the strengths of case study research. Throughout the text, Yin forthrightly addressed criticisms of the method and provided a solid defense of case study research and its breadth as a research method. An unexpected bonus of the text is found in the cross reference table that provides access to a wealth of classic and contemporary case study research.
SPIRITUALITY AND ENLIGHTENMENT FOUNDATION FOR THE FUTURE OF HUMANITY
Authors: Turdialiyev Muxtorali , Shodimatova Soboat , Rustamova Muxlisa
Published: March 2021

Мақолада М. Бехбудий бошчилигидаги Самарқанджадидларининг ижтимоий-сиёсий ва маънавий-маърифий қарашларинизамонавий нуқтаи назардан ўрганилган. Бу қарашларнинг хозирги замондагижамият бошқарувида тутган ўрни тўғрисида фикрлар билдирилган. МақоладаБехбудийнинг “Миллатни маърифатлаштириш концепцияси”га алохида урғуберилган.
SOCIAL-POLITICAL IN THE JADID PRESS INTRODUCTION OF PROCESSES
Authors: Agzamxodjayev Saidakbar
Published: March 2021

This article reflects the coverage of issues related to the sociopolitical life of Turkestan in the early twentieth century in such national publications as "Taraqqiy", "Shuhrat", "Khurshid", "Samarkand", "Sadoyi Fergana", "SadoyiTurkiston". It analyzes the current events in Turkestan at the beginning of the centuryand the current issues raised by the Jadids