bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Jukugo Kanji Berakhiran 人、家、者、師、員、長 yang Menyatakan Profesi
Authors: Syarani Rosi Novisa , Hamidah Aam , Aprilianti Rahayu , Najmudin Onin
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini akan membahas mengenai jukugo yang merupakan bagian dari pembelajaran kanji. Jukugo merupakan penggabungan dari dua sampai empat kanji yang memiliki makna tersendiri, salah satunya adalah nijijukugo berakhiran 人、家、者、師、員、長 yang menyatakan profesi . Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui proses pembentukan dan hubungan makna antar jukugo berakhiran 人 、 家 、 者 、 師 、 員 、 長 yang menyatakan profesi. Metode penelitian yang dipakai adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif. Dalam penelitian ini diketahui dari 23 data jukugo kanji yang ditemukan memiliki pola pembentukan endocentric combination (kombinasi endosentris) dengan 2 jenis ditemukan yaitu nomina+suffixal sebanyak 16 data, sedangkan jenis verba+suffixal sebanyak 7 data.. Sedangkan 23 data jukugo kanji yang ditemukan memiliki hubungan antar makna dengan pola ke- 4 yaitu hubungan makna jukugo tersebut adalah huruf pertama /di depan menerangkan arti huruf di belakang sebanyak 9 data, juga pola ke- 8 yaitu hubungan makna jukugo tersebut adalah huruf di belakang menambahkan bermacam-macam arti terhadap huruf di depannya sebanyak 14 data.
Из истории одной армяно-осетинской изоглоссы: ard- (< и.-е. *art-)
Authors: Далалян Т. С.
Published: December 2022

Статья посвящена когнатам одного индоевропейского корня, которые в осетинском и армянском языках представляют исключительную изоглоссу. Рассматриваются армянские и осетинские производные и.-е. *art- (*r̥-to-) в разные периоды истории армянского и осетинского языков, в частности их семантические трансформации. Данный корень является одним из ключевых понятий в системе индоевропейских религиозно- мифологических представлений. Привлекается также материал клинописных надписей Ванского царства – Урарту. The article is devoted to cognates of the Indo-European root, representing an exclusive isogloss in the Ossetic and Armenian languages. We consider the Armenian and Ossetic derivatives of the IE *art- (*r̥-to-) in different periods of the history of the Armenian and Ossetic languages, in particular, their semantic transformations. This root concerns one of the key concepts of Indo- European religious-mythological system. We also examine the material of the cuneiform inscriptions of the Kingdom of Van – Urartu.
Acoustic emission testing for multi-scale assessment of reinforcement corrosion in concrete structures
Authors:   Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Verstrynge Els ,   Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Van Steen Charlotte ,   Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Wevers Martine
Published: December 2022

Degradation of existing structures poses a serious threat to our built environment. The aim of this paper is to investigate the use of acoustic emission monitoring in degradation assessment of existing structures, focusing specifically on corrosion damage detection in reinforced concrete structures. Reinforcement corrosion is seen as one of the most significant and costly degradation mechanisms that impact the durability and structural safety of our built infrastructure and Modern heritage buildings. The paper presents a multi-scale experimental approach, from material to structure, focusing on two challenges: (i) monitoring the evolution of the corrosion process itself and the consequential concrete cracking during accelerated corrosion, and (ii) identifying the different AE sources in this complex process. The application of AE testing for rebar corrosion monitoring is investigated on various sample types and scales under accelerated conditions in a lab environment, and from on-site monitoring of a concrete girder bridge. Results show that the developed test setups, data filtering and processing procedures substantially improve AE-based corrosion damage monitoring, and provide a valuable contribution towards on-site application.
Industrial application of acoustic emission monitoring – general concept and selected practical example
Authors:   TÜV Austria Services GmbH, Marihart Heribert ,   TÜV Austria Services GmbH, Prokofyev Mikhail ,   TÜV Austria Services GmbH, Lackner Gerald
Published: December 2022

Acoustic emission monitoring (AEM) is a method for verifying the structural integrity of heavily stressed parts or key components while the plant is in operation. The condition of the monitored component can be determined by repeated short- or continuous long-term AEM. The selection of damage-relevant measurement data and the resulting evaluation serves to determine the actual condition of the test object. Unlike for conventional acoustic emission testing, no shutdown of the plant is required for the measurements. The results can then be used as a quality assurance measure according to maintenance requirements of the owner/operator or as a supplement to the testing and inspection program. This contribution describes the general monitoring concept developed and established by the TÜV AUSTRIA Group as well as two selected industrial use cases.
NDE 4.0 a natural step for acoustic emission
Authors:   MISTRAS Products & Systems, Godinez-Azcuaga Valery ,   MISTRAS Products & Systems, Ley Obdulia ,   MISTRAS Products & Systems, Nunez Arturo ,   MISTRAS Products & Systems, Lowenhar Ed ,   Mistras Group Hellas, Kattis Spilios
Published: December 2022

This paper discusses an example of practical implementation of Acoustic Emission continuous monitoring in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the new NDE4.0 paradigm, on renewable electric power wind farms. This project incorporates new sensors, a remote-wireless smart AE instrument, cloud data analytics tailored for data fusion, automatic analysis, alarming, and a data-driven web application for the visualization of asset status in real- or close to realtime. This example clearly illustrates the roll of AE as a natural method for NDE4.0 realization at the beginning of the third decade of the 21st century.
Development of an acoustic emission technology package for copvs inspection and recertification
Authors:   MISTRAS Products & Systems, Ley Obdulia ,   MISTRAS Products & Systems, Godinez-Azcuaga Valery
Published: December 2022

Composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs) are used in many applications from 10,000 ft below sea levels to outer space. COPVs are designed to sustain high pressure, carry a large volume of a pressurized gas, and offer excellent weight reduction. These vessels can be subjected to complex modes of failure, some of which are dominated by fiber-bundle breakage (FBB). Due to the safety implications of COPV failure, they are subjected to stringent certification requirements by DOT, ASME and ISO. In this document, we present results of a test campaign designed to collect and characterize acoustic signatures of fiber bundle breakage (FBB), as well as deriving experimentally the “single energy event criteria” (SEEC) required by relevant testing codes and procedures. Testing was performed on type 4 carbon fiber COPVs. Three vessels were tested, aged by pressure cycling to simulate refilling operations for 10 years, and were damaged by high velocity impacts. Hydrostatic tests following DOT requalification test procedures were performed at different stages of the ageing process, and the vessels were loaded to failure. The data set provided signals of FBB on damaged vessels.
Hydrogen induced cracks monitored with acoustic emission under the laboratory condition
Authors:   TWI Ltd (The Welding Institute), Liu Dandan ,   Brunel University London, Yang Han ,   Brunel University London, Wang Bin ,   TWI Ltd (The Welding Institute), Grigg Stephen
Published: December 2022

Hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) is a common form of failure in steel exposed to hydrogen rich environments, which always occurs inside material making their detection difficult. Acoustic Emission (AE) is a promising Nondestructive Evaluation technique for crack detection. However, it is challenging to distinguish the signals generated from HIC, corrosions and bubbles. In this study, these mixed AE signals were obtained by electrochemical hydrogen charging on A516 carbon steel with the solution of 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 and 0.5 g/L NaAsO2. Microstructures of the sample’s cross-section were observed to verify the existence of HIC. moreover, separate signals of bubbles and corrosions were acquired from just exposures to 0.5 mol/L H2SO4. After analyzing, key parameters from the AE signals, i.e. the peak frequency, the spectrum gravity, the duration and energy, were identified to differentiate the source mechanisms. Results show that the peak frequency and the spectrum gravity of corrosion signals are higher than those of HIC and bubbles, while the duration and energy of HIC signals are higher than those of the other two kinds of signals. To reduce manual operations, the unsupervised learning algorithms, Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and K-means, were used for clustering, for further understanding of these clusters and their evolution with time.
Identification of internal damages in reinforced concrete slabs using probability density field of acoustic emission events
Authors:   Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Zhang Fengqiao ,   Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Yang Yuguang ,   Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Hendriks Max A.N.
Published: December 2022

To assess the structural capacity of reinforced concrete structures, identifying the internal cracks is important. Acoustic emission (AE) is promising to estimate the location of internal cracks. However, the localization is influenced by many factors like arrival time picking error, presence of crack, etc., resulting in localization error. The error cannot be entirely removed. Considering the inevitable localization error, a probabilistic method was recently developed by the authors. The method estimates the probability of the location of AE events, creating a probability density field of AE events (pdAE field). This method can possibly improve the identification of internal damages. This paper evaluates the performance the pdAE field in identifying internal damages in a reinforced concrete slab. The slab was loaded to failure by a point load. Compared to the conventional localization results, the pdAE field showed a clearer internal crack pattern. Moreover, calculation of the pdAE field was time efficient, thus was suitable for real-time monitoring. With these benefits, the pdAE field indicated the failure of the slab before it occurred.
Pencegahan Covid-19 Melalui Sosialisasi Penggunaan Dan Pembagian Masker Di Kota Tasikmalaya Dan Kabupaten Tasikmalaya
Authors: Nuraeni Irma , Bachtiar Raden Agus , Karimah Ima Karimah , Hadiningsih Naning , Setiawati Dina , Saragih Marianawati
Published: December 2022

Coronovirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) merupakan penyakit menular yang perkembangannya sangat cepat dan menjadi wabah di beberapa negara termasuk di Indonesia. Pemakaian masker merupakan salah satu upaya yang direkomendasikan WHO untuk pencegahan penyebaran Covid-19. Tujuan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat melalui sosialisasi penggunaan masker dan pembagian masker sebanyak 2000 masker kain 3 lapis kepada masyarakat yang berada di Kota Tasikmalaya dan Kabupaten Tasikmalaya yang dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2020.  Kegiatan ini berjalan dengan lancar dan tanpa hambatan.  Respon masyarakat cukup baik, sangat terbuka dan antusias.  Kegiatan ini sangat bermanfaat terutama bagi masyarakat yang beraktivitas di area publik seperti pasar dan lapangan olahraga. Kegiatan ini diharapkan berkelanjutan serta perlu adanya monitoring berkala dengan jangkauan yang lebih luas untuk mencegah penyebaran Covid-19.
Persiapan Pembelajaran Dan Teknologi Untuk Tahun Ajaran Baru Di Era Pandemi Pada Smpit Al Inayah
Authors: Putra Syahrizal Dwi
Published: December 2022

Adanya pandemi COVID-19 mengubah proses pembelajaran dari tatap muka menjadi daring. Berdasarkan IASP 2020 pada komponen proses pembelajaran dan sub komponen kualitas pembelajaran dituntut proses pembelajaran yang aktif, adanya penilaian proses dan hasil serta adanya program remedial dan/atau pengayaan. Hal yang perlu dipersiapkan dalam proses pembelajaran daring sesuai dengan kualitas pembelajaran yang diinginkan oleh IASP 2020 dan teknologi pendukung yang dapat digunakan adalah video conference,  Learning Management System (LMS)  dan gamifikasi. Hasil dari pengumpulan data menggunakan angket atau kuesioner terhadap respon peserta menunjukkan hasil yang positif dimana para guru mendapatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan sesuai dengan tujuan kegiatan yaitu 80% sangat setuju dan 20% setuju.
Character Recognition By Implementing FPGA-Based Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Ahmed Hussein Ali  , Mostafa Abdulghfoor Mohammed  , Munef Abdullah Ahmed
Published: December 2022

A non-linear applied math knowledge modelling tool, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are predominantly used to model complicated interactions between inputs and outputs or to look for patterns within the data. Using VHDL coding, we developed a generic hardware-based ANN. This classifier has been trained to recognize letters on a 4x4 binary grid that a user fills out using 16 toggle switches. An LCD shows the most likely classification that the ANN proposed. The ANN was taught to recognize 20 English character patterns and 9 Arabic character patterns on a 4x4 grid to showcase the viability of the FPGA execution of ANN. The Altera DE2 development and education board use the generated design file to flash the Altera Cyclone II FPGA. A training supervisor is also included in the design, which is responsible for training the ANN to recognize a set of 29 standard characters drawn from the English and Arabic alphabets. Positive patterns were found, with the ANN successfully recognizing all training characters. Finally, this study demonstrates the adaptability and boundless possibility of hardware-based implementation of ANN and the infinite possibility of prototyping and building recent systems with VHDL coding on an FPGA platform.
Los armarios vacíos, por Annie Ernaux
Authors: Rubio Mayoral Juan Luis
Published: December 2022

Reseña del libro Los armarios vacíos, by Annie Ernaux
Totalitarismos y exilio interior en las educadoras del siglo XX. Introducción
Authors: Cagnolati Antonella , Rabazas Romero Teresa , Robles Sanjuán Victoria
Published: December 2022

Introducción al monográfico
Real-Time Identification of Parametric Roll
Authors: Luthy Vivien , Grinnaert François , Billard Jean-Yves , Rapp Jocelyn
Published: December 2022

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The International Maritime Organization (IMO) provides criteria to assess the vulnerability of ships toward the phenomenon of parametric roll. Such long-term vulnerability assessments permit to qualify statistically the ships vulnerability regarding parametric roll. However, it does not permit to assess the risk of parametric roll in real time. Thus, researchers and private company have developed methods and software to evaluate this risk using the real-time ship motions provided by the onboard inertial unit. Those methods detect parametric roll events when it appears and warn the officer of the watch of the immediate danger. This paper presents an innovative real-time detection method and its validation. The detection method considers physical conditions required for parametric roll to appear. Especially, it considers the coupling between the roll and pitch motions. The method and its associated parametric roll alarm are entirely described. The results show that the method correctly identifies parametric roll in regular longitudinal waves and do not lead to false detection in regular beam waves. A statistical study in irregular waves based on simulated data presents very promising results with a parametric roll detection rate in head seas above 80% when heavy roll motions appear and a false detection rate in beam seas below 4%. Finally, a 2.5-day full-scale validation on a container ship provides promising results.

Introduction

The container ships, with typical hull shape presenting flat stern and pronounced bow flare, are especially subject to parametric roll. Operationally, several accidents which have led to the loss of containers at sea may be imputed to this phenomenon (France et al. 2003; Carmel 2006; MAIB 2020; DMAIB 2022). Following the accidents of the C11-class container ship (France et al. 2003) and of the Maersk Carolina (Carmel 2006), both due to parametric roll, insurers asked the shipowners to take measures to avoid such failure to appear (Dølhie 2006). Two solutions are rapidly developed to answer this request. The first one is developed by SeaSense and named SeaSense Monitoring (Nielsen et al. 2006).
DYNAMIC CARRYING RATING ON OVERHEAD ELECTRIC LINES. MONITORING METHODS AND FIELD APPLICATION
Authors: GONZALEZ CAGIGAL MIGUEL ANGEL , ROSENDO MACIAS JOSE ANTONIO , BACHILLER SOLER ALFONSO , MATEO SANCHEZ LUCIA , ALVARO HERMANA ROBERTO
Published: December 2022

This paper presents different methods for overhead transmission line monitoring and the calculation of dynamic line rating. Some of these techniques are based on the reading or the prediction of the whole set of meteorological variables involved in the corresponding equations, whereas other methods use direct or indirect measurements of the conductor temperature. Additionally, a correction method will be described for incomplete monitoring situations. Finally, a real case study is presented for a 220-kV overhead line, where a double monitoring technique is considered for the calculation of the dynamic line rating, with a remarkable improvement in the utilization of the assets, compared to the seasonal rating.

Keywords: Dynamic line rating, overhead transmission lines, grid operation and planning, electric power system monitoring.
Music in Caroline drama: Richard Brome, James Shirley and Ben Jonson
Authors:   , Bell Shirley Janine
Published: December 2022

This thesis explores the ways in which music and song were used on the Caroline stage and demonstrates how three of the most prominent dramatists of the period, Richard Brome, James Shirley and Ben Jonson, use music to create and enhance meaning in their plays. Firstly, this thesis argues that Brome’s use of music in The Late Lancashire Witches, The Antipodes and The Court Beggar is primarily concerned with reversals and upheavals. Brome deploys familiar music in unfamiliar settings and uses music to do the opposite of what would have been expected in a range of different contexts to challenge his audiences’ expectations, reflecting the unsettling nature of contemporary court politics and social affairs. This thesis then goes on to demonstrate that Shirley uses music in Hyde Park, The Bird in a Cage and The Lady of Pleasure to critique contemporary debates surrounding theatrical performance, particularly that of an anti-theatrical standpoint. Shirley deliberately engages with and responds to these criticisms of music and performance through his own use of music and illustrates how the same kinds of music can be considered licentious and ungodly to an anti-theatrical viewer but legitimately pleasurable to a regular theatregoer. Finally, this thesis argues that Jonson’s use of music in The Staple of News, The New Inn and The Sad Shepherd is concerned with the exploration of the relationship between the self, the other and the external world, and that he uses music to contemplate epistemological questions surrounding how we acquire knowledge, how reliable our sources are and how we make judgements about what to believe and what not to believe in certain situations. By examining the music in these nine plays, this thesis demonstrates that music is essential to the plays’ meaning.
As Oficinas da Semana Pedagógica de 2021 do Curso de Medicina do Centro Universitário FMABC
Authors: Baldassin Sergio , Feder David , Oliveira Silvia , Ortiz Ana Carolina Mota , Nicolau Ana Júlia Fernandes Abdala , Nardi Gabriela de , Silva Júlia , Faro Junior Mario Paulo
Published: December 2022

Introdução: A entrega da educação médica de qualidade é um tema em ebulição. A discussão atual aborda essencialmente conteúdos versus competências. Currículos e matrizes extensas, e avaliações tradicionais estão na contramão. O ensino remoto estimulou a discussão e a revisão da carga acadêmica e das avaliações. Relato: Em janeiro de 2021 foi realizada uma oficina pedagógica do Curso de Medicina do Centro Universitário FMABC. Começou com a palestra de um professor convidado e coordenador do sistema de acreditação de escolas médicas, sobre atividades remotas durante a pandemia. A seguir, a responsável pelo Teste do Progresso fez um histórico das últimas avaliações, e um professor membro da comissão de acreditação de escolas médicas apresentaram uma síntese dos principais pontos insuficientes da última avaliação. Na sequência, os discentes apresentaram as últimas avaliações internas. Finalmente, foram apresentadas as matrizes do curso, do 1º ao 4º ano, comparadas com as de mais três escolas médicas, e cada coordenador de ano preparou suas sugestões para alterações de matrizes. Por último, discentes, docentes e a coordenação do curso apresentaram um relatório e propostas, estimulando a integração da comunidade acadêmica, a reavaliação dos planos de ensino, as repetições de conteúdo e o reconhecimento de matrizes de cada ano, oferecendo ideias e ferramentas, para a reflexão sobre o ensino remoto e as oportunidades de mudanças e aprimoramento do ensino e do aprendizado. Conclusão: As disciplinas mostraram disposição para as atividades integrativas, de extensão e de criação de disciplinas eletivas complementando falhas provocadas pela Pandemia.
Educational Robotics for Special Needs Students: Teachers’ Perspectives on Pre-service TrainingEducational Robotics for Special Needs Students: Teachers’ Perspectives on Pre-service Training
Authors: Agrusti Francesco , Bonavolontà Gianmarco
Published: December 2022

Since the introduction of LOGO by Seymour Papert in 1980 and the constructivist theories, after the teaching machines of Skinner, technology, robots and robotics activities have been viewed as effective educational tools. Multiple studies have demonstrated that robotics is a valuable device for special education students too. The present study is part of a particularly novel and challenging trend of research that intends to fill a knowledge gap regarding the perspectives and concerns of learning support teachers on educational robotics. Particularly by questioning teachers who have not received training in the use of educational robotics. In this exploratory study, 125 Italian pre-service learning support teachers were surveyed at the end or during their course specialization to determine their awareness and comprehension of educational robotics usage with students with special needs. The survey reveals that support teachers are not adequately trained to use educational robotics and that they are generally unfamiliar with it and they rarely employ it.
La ricerca empirico-sperimentale educativa e la professionalità del docente per migliorare la scuola inclusiva
Authors: Spadafora Giuseppe
Published: December 2022

The paradigm of the inclusive school is becoming, especially in the European educational research, a fundamental point of reference. In this paper the author analyzes the different didactic models of teacher’s professionalism in the Italian school since the riforma Gentile of 1923 until the contemporary debate concerning the school of the autonomy. In particular, he highlights the importance of the scientific meaning of the teacher’s professionalism which derives from the paradigm of the sciences of education established by John Dewey’s book «The sources of a science of education» of 1929. In the contemporary research it is fundamental, in the school of autonomy, to analyze a teacher’s professionalism based on the last results of educational experimental empirical research. In this perspective the teacher, but also the headmaster, must develop his/her educational action between the governance and didactics in the school of autonomy not only as «an investigator», as Dewey’s theory proposed, but as an expert of a transdisciplinary competence based on the contents of the subject matter, didactics, governance, and some aspects of educational experimental empirical research to improve new possibilities of an inclusive school.
Ruth Landes e A cidade das mulheres: uma releitura da antropologia do candomblé
Authors: Lee Andreson Jamie
Published: December 2022

Por meio de fontes primárias, como cartas pessoais, fotos e manuscritos encontrados em arquivos nos EUA e no Brasil, este livro trata da experiência de campo e dos debates relacionados à antropóloga norte-americana Ruth Landes nos candomblés da Bahia entre 1938 a 1939. É uma reflexão feminista na história da antropologia sobre as metodologias e os desafios enfrentados pela antropóloga no campo dos estudos afro- americanos. A obra relata o relacionamento entre Ruth e o etnógrafo baiano Edison Carneiro, bem como suas dinâmicas devido às circunstâncias históricas e às políticas de raça e gênero da época. Além disso, oferece uma análise das fontes primárias que retratam mulheres importantes na história do candomblé soteropolitano para uma releitura do conceito do matriarcado na antropologia.
Aurora A and cortical flows promote polarization and cytokinesis by inducing asymmetric ECT-2 accumulation
Authors: Longhini Katrina M , Glotzer Michael
Published: December 2022

In the early Caenorhabditis elegans embryo, cell polarization and cytokinesis are interrelated yet distinct processes. Here, we sought to understand a poorly understood aspect of cleavage furrow positioning. Early C. elegans embryos deficient in the cytokinetic regulator centralspindlin form furrows, due to an inhibitory activity that depends on aster positioning relative to the polar cortices. Here, we show polar relaxation is associated with depletion of cortical ECT-2, a RhoGEF, specifically at the posterior cortex. Asymmetric ECT-2 accumulation requires intact centrosomes, Aurora A (AIR-1), and myosin-dependent cortical flows. Within a localization competent ECT-2 fragment, we identified three putative phospho-acceptor sites in the PH domain of ECT-2 that render ECT-2 responsive to inhibition by AIR-1. During both polarization and cytokinesis, our results suggest that centrosomal AIR-1 breaks symmetry via ECT-2 phosphorylation; this local inhibition of ECT-2 is amplified by myosin-driven flows that generate regional ECT-2 asymmetry. Together, these mechanisms cooperate to induce polarized assembly of cortical myosin, contributing to both embryo polarization and cytokinesis.
Needles in an ocean haystack: using environmental DNA to study marine mammals in the North Atlantic
Authors: Székely Dóra , Cammen Kristina M. , Tange Olsen Morten
Published: December 2022

Marine mammals in the North Atlantic have experienced severe depletions due to overexploitation. While some species and populations have now recovered, there are numerous other anthropogenic activities impacting their North Atlantic ecosystem. Studying marine mammals is often associated with logistical challenges, and many species have an elusive nature, resulting in substantial knowledge gaps on the distribution, abundance and diversity of marine mammals in the North Atlantic. Environmental DNA (eDNA) is an emerging tool in biodiversity monitoring and has successfully been demonstrated to complement traditional monitoring methods for a wide range of marine taxonomic groups. The promising potential of seawater eDNA is owe to advances within an array of molecular methods used to extract, detect and/or sequence the genetic material of marine organisms from a single seawater sample. 

We present a literature review of eDNA studies of marine mammals and discuss the potential applications and practical challenges of eDNA in marine mammal research, management and conservation. 

Environmental DNA has already been introduced to a wide range of applications within marine mammal science, from detection of endangered species to population genetic assessments. Furthermore, eDNA has the power to capture other biologically important species in the marine ecosystem and food web, which could facilitate insight into the spatiotemporal variation of different marine communities in a changing environment. With methodological and technological standardization, eDNA based approaches have a promising potential to be integrated into regular monitoring practices and management strategies.
CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: UMA ANÁLISE DE SUA UTILIZAÇÃO NO ENSINO TÉCNICO DE NÍVEL MÉDIO
Authors: Murta Ludmila Nogueira , Oliveira Michelle Adriane Silva de , Xavier Johnisson
Published: December 2022

O texto apresenta um estudo reflexivo sobre a contextualização do ensino em um curso técnico de nível médio, considerando as práticas de ensino adotadas e registradas em disciplinas de formação profissionalizante. A pesquisa tem caráter documental, feita a partir dos escritos feitos pelos docentes ao longo de três anos nas referidas disciplinas. Foi possível verificar que a contextualização não aparece ostensivamente nos diários e planos de ensino, apesar de bastante utilizada no projeto pedagógico do curso; que os registros documentais dão indícios da existência de práticas de ensino contextualizado não formalizadas; e que a análise da existência do ensino contextualizado não consegue ser completamente construída somente com a pesquisa documental por meio do uso de palavras-chave, sendo necessárias entrevistas e observação em campo.
Association of Linezolid With Risk of Serotonin Syndrome in Patients Receiving Antidepressants
Authors: Bai Anthony D. , McKenna Susan , Wise Heather , Loeb Mark , Gill Sudeep S.
Published: December 2022

Importance

Linezolid has the potential to interact with some antidepressants, leading to serotonin syndrome. However, few empirical data support warnings for patients taking antidepressants to avoid linezolid.

Objectives

To examine the incidence of serotonin syndrome in patients receiving oral linezolid and how concomitant antidepressant treatment changes this risk.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based, retrospective cohort study used linked administrative databases at ICES to collect data from outpatients 66 years or older in Ontario, Canada, who were prescribed oral linezolid for any duration from October 1, 2014, to January 1, 2021, with follow-up to 30 days (January 31, 2021).

Exposures

The use of antidepressants while receiving linezolid therapy vs no antidepressant use while receiving linezolid therapy.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was clinically significant serotonin syndrome based on a physician diagnosis, Sternbach criteria, or the Hunter Serotonin Toxicity Criteria within 30 days of starting oral linezolid treatment. Secondary outcomes were altered mental status, hospitalization, or death within 30 days of starting linezolid treatment.

Results

The study included 1134 patients (age ranges, 66-69 years for 225 patients [19.8%], 70-79 years for 473 patients [41.7%], and ≥80 years for 436 patients [38.4%]; 595 [52.5%] male) who were prescribed linezolid. Of 1134 patients, 215 (19.0%) were also taking antidepressants. Serotonin syndrome occurred in fewer than 6 patients (<0.5%). The number of serotonin syndrome cases were fewer in the antidepressant group. In a propensity score–matched cohort, the adjusted risk difference for serotonin syndrome between the antidepressant group and the no antidepressant group was −1.2% (95% CI, −2.9% to 0.5%). There were similar rates of altered mental status, hospitalization, and death between the propensity score–matched groups.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of older patients who were prescribed linezolid, serotonin syndrome occurred rarely. Concurrent antidepressants did not significantly increase the risk of serotonin syndrome. These findings suggested that linezolid is likely safe for patients receiving antidepressants. Nevertheless, prescribers should remain vigilant for this potential drug interaction.
Assessment of COVID-19 Incidence and Severity Among Recipients of Allogenic Stem Cell Transplant After 1 or 2 mRNA Booster Doses During the Omicron Wave in France
Authors: Letailleur Valentin , Le Bourgeois Amandine , Guillaume Thierry , Jullien Maxime , Coste-Burel Marianne , Béné Marie C. , Chevallier Patrice
Published: December 2022

This cohort study assesses the incidence and severity of COVID-19 among vaccinated recipients of allogenic stem cell transplant in a single center after 1 or 2 messenger RNA booster doses during the Omicron wave in France.
Effect of Saline vs Gluconate/Acetate–Buffered Solution vs Lactate-Buffered Solution on Serum Chloride Among Children in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Raman Sainath , Gibbons Kristen S. , Mattke Adrian , Schibler Andreas , Trnka Peter , Kennedy Melanie , Le Marsney Renate , Schlapbach Luregn J.
Published: December 2022

Importance

Most children admitted to pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) receive intravenous fluids. A recent systematic review suggested mortality benefit in critically ill adults treated with balanced solutions compared with sodium chloride, 0.9% (saline). There is a lack of clinically directive data on optimal fluid choice in critically ill children.

Objective

To determine if balanced solutions decrease the rise of plasma chloride compared with saline, 0.9%, in critically ill children.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This single-center, 3-arm, open-label randomized clinical trial took place in a 36-bed PICU. Children younger than 16 years admitted to the PICU and considered to require intravenous fluid therapy by the treating clinician were eligible. Children were screened from November 2019 to April 2021.

Interventions

Enrolled children were 1:1:1 allocated to gluconate/acetate–buffered solution, lactate-buffered solution, or saline as intravenous fluids.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was an increase in serum chloride of 5 mEq/L or more within 48 hours from randomization. New-onset acute kidney injury, length of hospital and intensive care stay, and intensive care–free survival were secondary outcomes.

Results

A total of 516 patients with a median (IQR) age of 3.8 (1.0-10.4) years were randomized with 178, 171, and 167 allocated to gluconate/acetate–buffered solution, lactate-buffered solution, and saline, respectively. The serum chloride level increased 5 mEq/L or more in 37 patients (25.2%), 34 patients (23.9%), and 58 patients (40.0%) in the gluconate/acetate–buffered solution, lactate-buffered solution, and saline groups. The odds of a rise in plasma chloride 5 mEq/L or more was halved with the use of gluconate/acetate–buffered solution compared with saline (odds ratio, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.31-0.83]; P = .007) and with the use of lactate-buffered solution compared with saline (odds ratio, 0.47 [95% CI, 0.28-0.79]; P = .004). New-onset acute kidney injury was observed in 10 patients (6.1%), 6 patients (3.7%), and 5 patients (3.2%) in the gluconate/acetate–buffered solution, lactate-buffered solution, and saline groups, respectively.

Conclusions and Relevance

Balanced solutions (gluconate/acetate–buffered solution and lactate-buffered solution) administered as intravenous fluid therapy reduced the incidence of rise in plasma chloride compared with saline in children in PICU.

Trial Registration

anzctr.org.au Identifier: ACTRN12619001244190
The role of inhibition and speed of processing in mathematics
Authors: Ashkenazi Sarit , Blum‐Cahana Iris Y.
Published: December 2022

The current study highlights the importance of inhibitory ability in facilitating performance in mathematics. To understand the role of inhibition in mathematical knowledge, this study tested 102 college students on a series of standardized complex math exercises. Inhibition tasks varied by task and stimuli (letters, numbers, and arrows). The result showed stronger associations between math abilities and strength of inhibition with more inhibition found for the flanker task (involving inhibition of peripheral stimuli) than for the Navon task (requiring inhibition of a potential response). The results supported the view that Inhibition in general (which is not unique to numerical stimuli) is associated with math abilities. General, rather than specific inhibition was associated with math abilities and finally, speed of processing masked the relationship between math and inhibition. These results confirm the assumption that the relation between inhibition and math performance is modulated by the task that measures the inhibition, and by additional predictors such as processing speed.
Assessing Bleeding Symptoms in Pediatric Patients With Generalized Joint Hypermobility
Authors: Kendel Nicole E. , Stanek Joseph R. , Thomas Bethanne B. , Ardoin Stacy P. , O'Brien Sarah H.
Published: December 2022

Objective

To assess bleeding symptoms in patients with generalized/benign joint hypermobility (GJH), compare bleeding scores to healthy historical pediatric controls, and determine whether a correlation exists between Beighton scores and bleeding scores.

Methods

Patients with GJH ages 6–21 years seen by the rheumatology department at Nationwide Children's Hospital in Columbus, Ohio were eligible. Participants/guardians completed the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Bleeding Assessment Tool, a validated questionnaire defining the presence, severity, and frequency of bleeding symptoms. Scores of ≥3 have been associated with an underlying bleeding disorder in pediatric patients.

Results

Eighty‐one patients agreed to participate. The median age was 13 years (interquartile range 10–16 years), and the mean Beighton score was 6.3 (range 4–9). Commonly observed bleeding symptoms were oral bleeding (74%), easy bruising (59%), and bleeding with minor wounds (42%). Mean and median bleeding scores were 5.2 and 4, respectively, and were significantly higher than reported bleeding scores in pediatric controls, defined as those without bleeding symptoms or a previously diagnosed bleeding disorder (P < 0.001). Although 75% of patients (95% confidence interval 64–84) had an abnormal bleeding score, only 12.3% were previously assessed by hematology for bleeding symptoms. Among patients with GJH, higher Beighton scores were not associated with higher bleeding scores (Spearman's correlation –0.08).

Conclusion

In a cohort of pediatric patients with GJH, three‐fourths of participants had abnormal bleeding scores, with the mean bleeding score significantly elevated compared to healthy controls. We propose that screening for bleeding symptoms be integrated into routine care for GJH patients, with referral to hematology for patients with bleeding concerns.
High Proton Conductivity in β‐Ba2ScAlO5 Enabled by Octahedral and Intrinsically Oxygen‐Deficient Layers
Authors: Murakami Taito , Avdeev Maxim , Morikawa Riho , Hester James R. , Yashima Masatomo
Published: December 2022

Proton conductors are promising materials for clean energy, but most available materials exhibit sufficient conductivity only when chemically substituted to create oxygen vacancies, which often leads to difficulty in sample preparation and chemical instability. Recently, proton conductors based on hexagonal perovskite‐related oxides have been attracting attention as they exhibit high proton conductivity even without the chemical substitutions. However, their conduction mechanism has been elusive so far. Herein, taking three types of oxides with different stacking patterns of oxygen‐deficient layers (β‐Ba2ScAlO5, α‐Ba2Sc0.83Al1.17O5, and BaAl2O4) as examples, the roles of close‐packed double‐octahedral layers and oxygen‐deficient layers in proton conduction are shown. It is found that “undoped” β‐Ba2ScAlO5, which adopts a structure having alternating double‐octahedral layer and double‐tetrahedral layer with intrinsically oxygen‐deficient hexagonal BaO (h') layer, shows high proton conductivity (≈10−3 S cm−1 above 300 °C), comparable to representative proton conductors. In contrast, the structurally related oxides α‐Ba2Sc0.83Al1.17O5 and BaAl2O4 exhibit lower conductivity. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations revealed that protons in β‐Ba2ScAlO5 migrate through the double‐octahedral layer, while the h′ layer plays the role of a “proton reservoir” that supplies proton carriers to the proton‐conducting double‐octahedral layers. The distinct roles of the two layers in proton conduction provide a strategy for developing high‐performance proton conductors.
Intracellular Formation of Hemicyanine Nanoparticle Enhances Tumor‐Targeting Photoacoustic Imaging and Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Zhang Lele , Wang Minghui , Wu Fangzheng , Liu Li , Ren Xingxing , Hai Zijuan
Published: December 2022

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a tumor marker for early diagnosis and treatment. Tumor targeting can recognize and fight tumor cells more accurately from healthy cells. Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) is a targeting ligand of liver tumors. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and photothermal therapy (PTT) are promising techniques for tumor diagnosis and treatment. The outstanding characteristics of Hemicyanine (HCy) dye make it suitable for tumor diagnosis and treatment. However, using HCy nanoparticle (HCy NP) for liver tumor‐targeting PAI and PTT has not been reported. Herein, Probe‐1 is developed to enhance PAI and PTT of liver tumors due to GA targeting and intracellular ALP‐instructed self‐assembly of HCy NP. Compared to Probe‐2 without self‐assembly ability, Probe‐1 displays a 4.6‐fold higher PAI signal or 1.7‐fold lower half inhibitory concentrations in HepG2 cells. Moreover, Probe‐1 shows extended retention time (10 vs 6 h) and 2.1‐fold higher PAI signal than Probe‐2 in HepG2 tumors. The HepG2 tumors in Group Probe‐1 obviously increase 18 °C (Tmax: 55 °C) with a 3.3‐fold decreased volume while that in Group Probe‐2 mildly increase 9.8 °C (Tmax: 46.8 °C) with a 4.3‐fold increased volume. It is envisioned that this smart self‐assembly strategy can be easily adjusted for PAI and PTT of more tumors.
Enhancing the Mechanical Performance of Fiber‐Reinforced Polymer Composites Using Carbon Nanotubes as an Effective Nano‐Phase Reinforcement
Authors: Wu Zihong , Zhao Yan , Yang Kang , Guan Juan , Wang Shaokai , Gu Yizhuo , Li Min , Feng Yiyu , Feng Wei , Ritchie Robert O.
Published: December 2022

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are an economical and multi‐functional nanofiller that can further elevate the versatile performance of fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP). The past two decades have seen significant progress in the design, fabrication, and characterization of CNTs modified FRPs (CNT‐FRPs). The introduction of CNTs has been proven to enhance the key mechanical properties of CNT‐FRPs and endow the composite with additional functional properties. In this review, the fabrication routes of CNT incorporation into FRPs are first discussed, and then the critical effects of CNTs on various mechanical properties of CNT‐FRPs are described. Next, as a complement to the experimental results, modeling studies on CNT‐FRPs are included to reveal the underlying structural effects, followed by a discussion on the reinforcement and toughening mechanisms of CNT‐FRPs. The intent of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary on CNT modified FRP composites, and to shed light on the future research and development of CNT modified composites.
Influence of Intermolecular Packing on Light Emitting Efficiency and Carrier‐Mobility of Organic Semiconductors: Theoretical Descriptor for Molecular Design
Authors: Sun Qi , Jiang Tong , Ou Qi , Peng Qian , Shuai Zhigang
Published: December 2022

Integration of luminescence and carrier transport is of prime interest for optoelectronics, but full with challenges in organic semiconductors. Previously, it has been demonstrated that intermolecular charge transfer (ICT) in the herringbone H‐aggregate can lend oscillator strength to the lowest‐lying dark state if electron transfer (te) and hole transfer (th) integrals are in phase (same sign) and greater than , where J is exciton coupling. In this work, both herringbone and π–π stackings are considered and a universal descriptor is proposed. It is found that for π–π stacking with I > 1 and for herringbone with , respectively, the lowest dark state could become bright through mixing ICT component. Accordingly, it is found that eclipsed packing and use of molecules with acene‐like frontier molecular orbital profiles favor larger I value than the other packing patterns. Finally, with the help of the proposed descriptor, 13 high‐mobility emissive unit cores from 32 fused ring molecules are effectively screened out.
Hyaluronic Acid‐Guided Cerasome Nano‐Agents for Simultaneous Imaging and Treatment of Advanced Atherosclerosis
Authors: Ma Qian , Wu Sijing , Yang Ling , Wei Yaohua , He Chaoyong , Wang Wenshan , Zhao Yingxin , Wang Zhijian , Yang Shiwei , Shi Dongmei , Liu Yuyang , Zhou Zhiming , Sun Jiefang , Zhou Yujie
Published: December 2022

Early noninvasive screening and regression therapy for vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques remain challenging. In this study, it is aimed to develop a new approach for the active targeting of atherosclerotic plaques with nano‐agents to aid imaging and treatment. Biocompatible hyaluronic acid (HA)‐guided cerasomes are generated to selectively target CD44‐positive cells within the plaque in in vitro studies and in vivo testing in Apoe−/− mice. Rosuvastatin (RST) is encapsulated in the HA‐guided cerasome nano‐formulation to produce HA‐CC‐RST, which results in significant plaque regression as compared to treatment with the free drug. Moreover, gadodiamide‐loaded HA‐CC enhances magnetic resonance images of vulnerable plaques, thereby attaining the goal of improved simultaneous treatment and imaging. Transcriptomic analysis confirms plaque regression with HA‐CC–RST treatment, which potentially benefits from the anti‐inflammatory effect of RST. In summary, a safe and efficient nano‐formulation for the targeted delivery of active agents to atherosclerotic plaques is developed and may be applicable to other diagnostic and therapeutic agents for atherosclerosis treatment.
Helge Willner (1947–2022)
Authors: Finze Maik , Gerken Michael
Published: December 2022

Helge Willner, a former professor at the Bergische Universität Wuppertal (Germany), sadly passed away on September 4th, 2022. He published pioneering studies in the areas of transition‐metal carbonyl cations, weakly coordinating borate anions, and highly reactive small molecules. He will be remembered as an outstanding researcher as well as a good teacher, colleague, and friend.
Large Scale Fabrication of Graphene Based Nano‐Electromechanical (NEM) Contact Switches with Sub‐0.5 Volt Actuation
Authors: Kulothungan Jothiramalingam , Kandhasamy Karthi
Published: December 2022

Nano‐electromechanical (NEM) contact switches are extensively studied to suppress the limitations of conventional complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) transistors. The attributes of NEM contact switches includes reduced power consumption, reduced off‐state leakage current, and increased on‐state current and sub‐thermal switching. However, unacceptably high pull‐in voltage and low contact lifetime posed a significant challenge for the use of NEM contact switches in energy efficient CMOS applications. Here, graphene‐based electro‐statically actuated NEM contact switches with ultra‐low pull‐in voltage and significant improvement in the contact lifetime are demonstrated. This is achieved by using the graphene on gold electrode as a contact material. The graphene NEM contact switches with graphene as a contact material exhibit an ultra‐low pull‐in voltage of < 0.5 V and high contact lifetime of more than 1.5× 106cycles. The switches also show an excellent switching performance with high on/off ratio of ≈108, an extremely low off‐state current of ≈100 fA, and small hysteresis window of < 0.1 V.