bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extended Positron‐Trapping Defects in the Eu3+‐Doped BaGa2O4Ceramics Studied by Positron Annihilation Lifetime Method
Authors: Klym Halyna , Karbovnyk Ivan , Luchechko Andriy , Kostiv Yuriy , Popov Anatoli I.
Published: May 2022

The BaGa2O4ceramics doped with Eu3+ions (1, 3 and 4 mol%) are obtained by solid‐phase sintering. The evolution of defect‐related extended free volumes in the BaGa2O4ceramics due to the increase of the content of Eu3+ions has been studied using the positron annihilation lifetime (PAL) spectroscopy technique. It is established that the increase in the number of Eu3+ions in the basic BaGa2O4matrix leads to the agglomeration of free‐volume defects with their subsequent fragmentation. The presence of Eu3+ions results in the expansion of nanosized pores and an increase in their number with their future fragmentation.
Disorder‐Driven Collapse of Topological Phases in Photonic Topological Insulator
Authors: Zhang Hongfang , Sui Wenjie , Zhang Yu , Liu Gangcheng , Shi Qiang , Lv Zengtao , Zhang Dong , Rong Chuicai , Yang Bing
Published: May 2022

By embedding the position disorder of rods in 2D gyromagnetic photonic crystal, the influences of increasing random disorder on the photonic topological phases (PTPs) in a photonic topological insulator are numerically investigated. When the disorder is small, the PTPs almost have no change. With the increase in disorder, the PTPs at the edge of the original topological bandgap are first affected, and those at center of the bandgap have the best robustness. As disorder increases to a critical value, the PTPs collapse ultimately. During the collapse of the PTPs, disorders can induce the Anderson localization of electromagnetic (EM) wave, and produce localized hot spots in the system. When the disorder is not too large, the hot spots are excited at the edge area near the excitation source, and have little influence on the one‐way propagation of the topological edge state (TES). As disorder increases continuously, the hot spots would penetrate the system deeply and affect the propagation of EM waves significantly, which leads to the collapse of the PTPs and destruction of one‐way propagation of TES. Even so, there are still remaining long‐range and short‐range orders in the system. This research provides a theoretical model and an experiment platform for further studying the relationship between topological phases and disorders.
Sulfide Chalcopyrite Solar Cells––Are They the Same as Selenides with a Wider Bandgap?
Authors: Siebentritt Susanne , Lomuscio Alberto , Adeleye Damilola , Sood Mohit , Dwivedi Aradhana
Published: May 2022

Sulfide chalcopyrite solar cells are receiving renewed interest since they have reached a certified efficiency above 15%. Due to their wider bandgap, they are interesting candidates for top cells in tandem applications. They share many properties with the much deeper studied selenide chalcopyrites, but also some important differences. While the structure of shallow and deep defects appears very similar, the phase diagram is different with a much smaller existence range of Cu‐poor CuInS2. The problematic character of the surface of material grown under Cu excess is present in both sulfides and selenides. Both materials show increased tail states when grown Cu‐poor. To achieve sufficient bulk quality of sulfide absorbers, higher growth temperatures and a higher supply of sodium appear to be necessary.
An expanded case against synthetic‐type control charts
Authors: Knoth Sven
Published: May 2022

During the last two decades, many new methods have appeared in statistical process monitoring with synthetic‐type control charts being a prominent constituent. These charts became popular due to their simplicity and proclaimed excellent change point detection performance. Synthetic charts are nothing more than the application of well‐known and long established runs rules. We show that better performance can be obtained by using exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) charts. Expanding on some previous questioning articles, we critically reflect upon recently developed variants of synthetic‐type charts in order to emphasize that there is no reason to apply this special class of control charts. This paper renews and extends criticism in order to respond to newly developed synthetic charts, called “revised” and “modified” by incorporation of further restrictions on the observations leading to an out‐of‐control signal. Furthermore, we demonstrate that “improved synthetic charts” (synthetic charts augmented with an outer Shewhart limit) perform weaker than EWMA–Shewhart chart combinations.
Soil organic matter, texture, and drying temperature effects on water content
Authors: Franzluebbers Alan J.
Published: May 2022

A balance between soil water and air is needed to optimize soil microbial activity in laboratory incubations. Some fraction of water holding capacity (WHC) is often used to optimize water during controlled laboratory incubations, and yet this level may differ among soils. This study was undertaken to develop relationships among gravimetric and volumetric water content, WHC, and water‐filled pore space (WFPS) among a variety of soils, representing eight soil orders, 46 subgroups, total soil N from 0.46 to 4.68 g kg–1, and clay concentration from .072 to .491 kg kg–1 (5–95% range). Gravimetric soil water content was determined for each sample under the following sequence of conditions: (a) from dry storage, (b) when dried at 55 °C, (c) near saturation, and (d) when drained to WHC. Gravimetric water content was calculated at 50% WFPS (.50 m3 m–3). Like that of WFPS, WHC varied strongly with soil clay and total N concentrations. To achieve 50% WFPS, water content was 69 ± 10% of WHC and 58 ± 3% of near saturation. Although drying soil to only 55 °C for routine soil microbial processing led to overestimation of soil bulk density by 0.012 ± 0.006 Mg m–3, it was a bias. Soil water content calculations are important for obtaining best estimates of soil‐test biological activity and other soil C and N fractions to assess soil health, and this research demonstrated that using drying temperature of 55 °C was practical but created a small and consistent bias.
Metal‐Free Catalyst, Fast Curing, Stretchable, Self‐Healing Siloxane Modified Polyurea Elastomer with Tunable Properties Based on Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Hu Chunyan , Huang Wenjie , Meng Yuan , Hao Tonghui , You Jun , Jiang Tao , Shi Dean , Zhang Qunchao
Published: May 2022

In the past decade, self‐healing polymer materials, being researched and utilized in many fields, have attracted more and more attention. In this work, self‐healing siloxane elastomer (SPUR) with flexible cross‐linked networks were designed through the reaction of amino‐functionalized polyether, isocyanate and α‐siloxane, which endowed elastomer with intermolecular hydrogen bond. Herein, these hydrogen bonds can break and reorganize via a simple thermal treatment to gain self‐healing and post‐processing actions. The self‐healing performance of the elastomer is confirmed through tensile test and SEM surface analysis. Consistent with our experiments, the researches show that siloxane modified polyurea elastomers (SPUR) congaing higher content of amino‐functionalized polyether with 2000 molecular weights (PEA20) show much better flexibility and healing efficiency. Also, the polyurea can be quickly cured without any metal catalyst due to the presence of α‐siloxane, which is a highlight of this article, and it is better than the related literature reported so far. Through tensile test and healing performance test, SPUR1 possessing the both remarkable strength and elasticity was obtained (elongation at break 530 %, tensile stress 5.26 MPa). In addition, it has relatively satisfied healing efficiency 30 % and excellent thermal stability. In view of such intermolecular hydrogen bond, we have developed a special self‐healing polymer material with tunable performance by varying the monomer ratio between amino‐functionalized polyether PEA9 (the molecular weight Mn=900 Da) and PEA20 (Mn=2000 Da). A variety of self‐healing polymer materials can be lightly synthesized on account of the wide extent of commercial activities of raw materials such as primary amine, silane and isocyanate. Therefore, self‐healable polymer elastomers are exceptionally popular in a rank of fields, such as coatings, construction, aerospace, flexible electronics, automobile, medical device and lithium‐ion batteries.
Two‐Phase Electrocoagulation of Perfumes and the Analytical Approach for Investigation of the Odor‐Active Compound Changes
Authors: Thaveesangsakulthai Isaya , Nhujak Thumnoon , Kulsing Chadin
Published: May 2022

In this study, a 2‐phase electrocoagulation (EC) system has been applied to treat odor active compounds in perfume extracts. The system employed an electrochemical cell using two aluminium electrodes and 2‐phase electrolyte containing hexane, NaCl(aq) and the perfume compounds. This approach allowed electrochemical reaction of the compounds with the subsequent changes of their profiles in the extracts. The volatile compounds in the samples before and after 2‐phase EC sampled at different parts of the system were tentatively identified by using solid phase micro extraction (SPME) and gas chromatography hyphenated with mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The results revealed different types and amounts of the odor active compounds in the samples after the 2‐phase EC treatment with the enhanced fruity, floral, sweet, green, minty, herbal and citrus smells. The electrochemical oxidation/reduction and esterification/hydrolysis were proposed as the possible reactions. The developed 2‐phase EC technique has a potential for application in the area of cost‐effective adjustment of essential oil and perfume quality.
Core‐Shell ZIF‐67@CeO2 Nanosphere as Efficient Acid‐Base Catalyst for the Cycloaddition of CO2 and Epoxides
Authors: Hu Lihua , Mo Xiaohong , Chen Li , Wu Yuehang , Liu Feng , Yin Kangling , Fan Taotao , Yan Zongcheng
Published: May 2022

Controllable deposition of nanosphere with zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) is an efficient method to achieve unique properties and create new types of multifunctional ZIF core–shell materials with enhanced properties. Core‐shell ZIF‐67@CeO2 nanosphere was designed with ZIF‐67 nanoparticles as seed for the deposition of CeO2 nanocrystals. The as‐prepared ZIF‐67@CeO2 nanosphere can catalyze CO2 cycloaddition reaction with significant activity. The synergistic acid‐base catalytic sites of ZIF‐67@CeO2 nanosphere were investigated through TPD analysis. These sites can effectively coordinate and activate the substrate molecules, thereby enhancing catalytic efficiency for CO2 cycloaddition reaction. The ZIF‐67@CeO2 nanosphere showed almost 100.00 % conversion of styrene oxide and 100.00 % selectivity of desired cyclic carbonate (120 °C, 7.5 bar, and 8 h). In addition, ZIF‐67@CeO2 showed a negligible decrease in the catalytic activity even after being reused for four cycles.
Donor–Acceptor Hybrid Heterostructures: An Emerging Class of Photoactive Materials with Inorganic and Organic Semiconductive Components
Authors: Di Yi‐Ming , Liu Jing‐Yan , Li Meng‐Hua , Zhang Shu‐Quan , You Ming‐Hua , Lin Mei‐Jin
Published: May 2022

Just as the heterojunctions in physics, donor–acceptor (D‐A) heterostructures are an emerging class of photoactive materials fabricated from two semiconductive components at the molecular level. Among them, D‐A hybrid heterostructures from organic and inorganic semiconductive components have attracted extensive attention in the past decades due to their combined advantages of high stability for the inorganic semiconductors and modifiability for the organic semiconductors, which are particularly beneficial to efficiently achieve photoinduced charge separation and transfer upon irradiations. In this review, by analogy with the heterojunctions in physics, a definition of the D‐A heterostructures and their general design and synthetic strategies are given. Meanwhile, the D‐A hybrid heterostructures are focused on and their recent advances in potential applications of photochromism, photomodulated luminescence, and photocatalysis summarized.
Mind the gaps! Climate scientists should heed lessons in collaborative storytelling from William Shakespeare
Authors: Shenk Linda , Gutowski William J.
Published: May 2022

To co‐produce locally relevant climate knowledge, climate scientists are engaging in new collaborations—with stakeholders and with scholars in the humanities, arts, and social sciences. In our work as a Shakespeare scholar‐turned‐public‐humanist and a climate scientist, we have created a methodology that allows researchers and communities to co‐produce knowledge by co‐producing narratives. We combine principles from emerging climate “storylines” research with collaborative storytelling inspired by William Shakespeare's plays and theatrical practices. Shakespeare's plays spark collaborations and interpretations, in part, because of how Shakespeare leaves gaps in the narrative. These gaps allow others to enter as collaborators, creating a “cognitive ecology” that fosters knowledge and action among all engaged. Integrating these methods into climate storyline‐making offers a radical paradigm: it upends the scientist's role as the focal storyteller and expert, and fosters, instead, partnership, equity, and a co‐exploration of multiple uncertainties. It is time for researchers to cede control to a cognitive ecology of collaborative action.

This article is categorized under:

Trans‐Disciplinary Perspectives > Humanities and the Creative Arts
The interrelationship among health workforce, quality of care, and health outcomes in Turkey
Authors: Cinaroglu Songul
Published: May 2022

Better health outcomes can be achieved in the pursuit of strong human resources and high‐quality healthcare services. Turkey is a specific case with a scarcity of healthcare workers under its healthcare reform movements. This study seeks to understand the interrelationship among human resources, quality of care services, and health outcomes in Turkey. Data for testing the model were gathered from the Turkish Statistical Institute for the 81 provinces of Turkey. Path analysis was used to model the associations among human resources, quality of care services, and health outcomes. To test the goodness of the model, multiple criteria of model fit indices were utilized. The fit of the redefined path analytic model data was good (normed fit index was 0.96, comparative fit index was 0.96, and goodness of fit index was 0.93). The study findings highlight the strong interrelationship among human resources, quality of care services, and health outcomes. These results clarify a strong interlinkage among the number of nurses/midwives, the number of hospital admissions, and mortality rates. Optimal staffing policies by considering the quality of care services will provide benefits for policymakers in achieving high‐quality health outcomes and better preparation for health crises, and will ensure a stronger healthcare system.
Effects of prescribed fire on prenesting movements of wild turkeys in Arkansas
Authors: Pittman H. Tyler , Krementz David G.
Published: May 2022

The restoration of historic disturbance regimes is an increasingly common management strategy to conserve disturbance‐dependent communities and species, and enhance resilience of ecosystems to climate change or plant and animal invasions. However, the reintroduction of frequent and wide‐scale disturbance may have unexpected consequences on species that are accustomed to an environment absent of frequent disturbance. Implementation of frequent prescribed fire for community restoration has coincided with population declines of eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) in the Ozark Highlands of Arkansas. We investigated whether there was evidence of linkage between wild turkey movement behavior and habitat use and the widespread use of prescribed fire that began in 2002 and continued through the end of our study in 2013. We fitted 67 female wild turkeys with satellite transmitters in 2012 and 2013 on the White Rock Ecosystem Restoration Area to estimate annual and seasonal home ranges and examine pre‐nesting habitat use at multiple spatial scales. Home range was larger for adults in 2013 (4,750 ha, SE = 946.2,n = 12) than in 2012 (2,703 ha, SE = 283.4,n = 19). Mean pre‐nesting ranges for adults were 1,633 ha (SE = 238.9,n = 23) in 2012 and 1,118 ha (SE = 158.8,n = 18) in 2013, smaller than those of sub‐adults, 1,761 ha (SE = 581.2,n = 3) in 2012 and 5,576 ha (SE = 2260,n = 8) in 2013. Habitat selection analyses for the pre‐nesting period indicated that wild turkeys used locations with more variability in canopy cover and vegetation height and in smaller patch sizes than expected based on availability. However, female wild turkeys selected nesting cover that had more variability in canopy cover and vegetation height but in larger patches. Differences in sub‐adults and adult home and seasonal ranges suggest that other factors such as density dependence or social hierarchy could be driving movements as opposed to prescribed fire application. Wild turkey females selected variable vegetation structure during the pre‐nesting and nesting periods with characteristics that could be a result of frequent prescribed fire or forest succession. However, we documented no direct evidence these characteristics or other aspects of the prescribed fire program were causing wild turkey population declines.
Nanotubes and fullerene‐like nanoparticles from layered transition metal dichalcogenides: Why do they form and what is their significance?
Authors: Sreedhara M. B. , Sinha S. S. , Zak A. , Yadgarov L. , Tenne R.
Published: May 2022

One‐dimensional (1D) analogues of two‐dimensional (2D) layered materials, especially nanotubes exhibit unique properties, which are distinct from the 2D flakes. The nanotubes and fullerene‐like nanoparticles from layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are one of the prime foci of this field in the last 30 years. In this concise review, we present the advancement made in the TMDs nanotubes and fullerene‐like nanoparticles over the last few years. The synthesis and structure of TMDs nanotubes such as WS2/MoS2 are briefly described. The mechanical properties of single WS2 nanotubes were examined by in‐situ electron microscopy techniques and are briefly discussed. Their reinforcement effects in polymer composites are also presented, as well as their superior tribological behavior. The unique optoelectronic properties of WS2 (MoS2) nanotubes are presented. Thus, the bulk photovoltaic effect and superconductivity exhibited by WS2 nanotubes, which are a manifestation of their 1D structure and low symmetry, are revisited briefly. The strong light‐matter interaction of nanotubes resulting in polariton quasiparticles and their evolution as a function of nanotube diameter are explained. Last but not least, a new family of misfit layered nanotubes and their exceptional physical properties are briefly touched upon.
The chemical interaction charged particles with target material under surface treatment of metal with particle beam
Authors: Parfenova Elena S. , Knyazeva Anna G.
Published: May 2022

The paper presents a nonlinear coupled nonisothermal model of the process of material implementation into the target surface under conditions of surface treatment by a particle beam in the form of one or few consecutive pulses. The model takes into account the interaction of impurity diffusion, heat propagation, and mechanical disturbances, as well as the chemical reaction between the introduced impurity and the target material. The problem is solved numerically using an implicit symmetric difference scheme of the second‐order approximation in time and spatial coordinates. The results of solution are obtained for different time intervals. It was found that the interaction of different processes leads to the appearance of distortions in the front of waves. The distributions of temperature and impurity concentration have a wave character. The increment of the reaction product in the dynamics for different numbers of pulses is presented. The interaction mechanisms of the studied processes do not change and do not depend on the number of pulses. However, a more complicated picture is observed under treatment by several successive pulses due to the appearance of new extremes and distortions.
Anti-oppressive Practice in Social Work with Women Wearing Hijab
Authors: Afrouz Rojan , Crisp Beth R.
Published: May 2022

Religious beliefs are central to the identity of many people, often signalled by their physical appearance, for example, clothing, hair or jewellery. If prevented from such a form of self-expression, some take action against what they consider a contravention of their human rights. The predominance of this discourse can obscure the possibility that there are others who are forced to signal a religious viewpoint which they may not subscribe to. This chapter explores the wearing of hijab by Afghan women who have lived in Australia less than 10 years. While some choose to wear hijab, there were others who spoke of being forced to wear hijab as a form of domestic violence. Furthermore, whereas for some, not wearing hijab represents a freedom to dress in accordance with their understandings of Australia as a secular society, a few felt that wearing clothes which marked them as Islamic increased the likelihood of attracting xenophobia and discrimination. Hence, for many women, decisions around hijab represented compromise between the demands of their family, the Afghan community and the wider Australian society, rather than a free choice. Consequently, if social workers assume women’s religious beliefs and identity are congruent with their appearance they may inadvertently be contributing to women’s oppression. As such, this chapter explores notions of anti-oppressive practice when working with Muslim women living in non-Muslim majority countries, particularly in respect of dress codes which are associated with Islam.
Quo Vadis, Islamic Social Work? Empirical Findings and Theoretical Reflections Converging towards an Alternative Approach
Authors: Schmid Hansjörg , Sheikhzadegan Amir
Published: May 2022

This final chapter attempts to associate, structure and summarise the principal insights of the contributions to “Exploring Islamic Social Work. Between Community and the Common Good”. Despite differences in their topics and the contexts they treat, the methods applied and angles adopted, all the chapters have a common focus on Muslims as protagonists, both in the field of Islamic social work, and the Islamic thinking around it. The volume’s topic itself is embedded in a new social work scholarly debate, stimulated by the re-emergence of social work’s religious roots in the context of post-secular society. This chapter reviews Islamic social work as an empirical phenomenon, discusses various theological and ethical approaches, again takes up the debate on the common good and examines Islamic social work as alternative social work. Finally, the question of what exactly Islamic social work consists of and the challenges which arise in connection with the ‘Islamic’ attribution are addressed. In this way, both insights and open questions, as well as directions for further research on Islamic social work, are identified within the framework of different research discourses.
The Religious Community: A Space that Facilitates Successful Resettlement for Muslim Offenders
Authors: Irfan Lamia
Published: May 2022

The religious community can play an important role in providing tangible and intangible support for offenders to help them reintegrate into society after serving a prison sentence. Using data drawn from life story interviews with 17 Muslim male offenders in England and Wales, this chapter outlines the different ways in which the religious community plays a crucial role in the reintegration journey after release from prison. Tangible support provided by a religious community can include help with housing and employment, two key concerns for offenders upon release from prison. Furthermore, the religious community provides important intangible support, which is crucial for reintegration after the degradation and stigma associated with imprisonment. This intangible support includes strong social bonds within the community which are based on reciprocal relationships. Acceptance by spiritual and community leaders can act as a redemption ritual which allows offenders to break from their negative past and develop a new positive identity. The community can also support the move away from crime by providing a moral environment which engenders a respect for the law. Along with this, civic engagement and contributing positively within a community fulfils important generative impulses which are part of identity development. Tangible, as well as intangible, support plays an important role in helping offenders manage the delicate transition back into society, which is usually fraught with challenges, as well as possibilities.
Indigenous Peoples, Data, and the Coloniality of Surveillance
Authors: Cormack Donna , Kukutai Tahu
Published: May 2022

In Aotearoa New Zealand (Aotearoa NZ), Māori (the Indigenous peoples of New Zealand) have long been objects of surveillance by state institutions and agents. State representations have centred on constructions of difference and deviance, on understandings of Indigenous peoples as dangerous, and on the management of Indigenous resistance to colonialism. This chapter considers how contemporary state surveillance practices in Aotearoa NZ, enabled by the expanded use of big data and linked government datasets, function to regulate and manage Māori. Through this lens, we explore continuities of current data practices for Indigenous peoples with the racialised logics and social orders set in place as part of global systems of imperialism and colonialism. Recognising that resistance has always been a part of Indigenous responses to colonialism, we also explore how Māori Data Sovereignty (MDSov), as part of broader Indigenous Data Sovereignty (IDS) movements globally, provides opportunities to counter and disrupt prevailing data relations and to imagine alternative futures.
Linkages Between Citizen Participation, Digital Technology, and Urban Development
Authors: Hovik Sissel , Giannoumis G. Anthony
Published: May 2022

This introductory chapter presents the bases for and approach to this volume’s investigation of e-participation in urban governance. We elaborate the linkages between the key concepts of the book—i.e., city and system characteristics, city’s adoption and implementation of digital tools, and citizen participation—and how e-participation can contribute to democratic governance. Furthermore, this chapter describes the research methodology and summarizes the arguments and findings presented in the succeeding chapters.
Controlled and Responsive Interactivity: What Politicians and Bureaucrats in Oslo Say About Their Social Media Use, and What This Might Mean for Democracy
Authors: Legard Sveinung
Published: May 2022

The development and global diffusion of social media lead to high expectations among scholars and practitioners that this could improve democracy, including in cities. Empirical research has, however, cast doubt on these expectations, and found that governments and policy makers rarely use social media to increase public participation. This chapter therefore investigates how local politicians, communication officers and other administrators in the urban development policy area in Oslo, describe their social media activities. One main finding of this study is that their use of social media is more interactive than is often described in political communication and e-government research. Another is that this interaction contains elements of not only controlled, but also responsive, interactivity. The main contribution of the chapter is the development of the concept of ‘responsive interactivity’. This is defined as being an activity in which politicians and bureaucrats acquire information about citizens opinions and grievances through social media, respond to and explain their stance and their actions to the users, and adapt policies, programmes, projects, or services to the citizens’ input. This contributes to a more nuanced image of governments’ use of social media that emphasizes the interactive aspects, without subscribing to the idea that this alone will democratize politics and government.
From quantum groups to Liouville and dilaton quantum gravity
Authors: Fan Yale , Mertens Thomas G.
Published: May 2022

Abstract

We investigate the underlying quantum group symmetry of 2d Liouville and dilaton gravity models, both consolidating known results and extending them to the cases with $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 supersymmetry. We first calculate the mixed parabolic representation matrix element (or Whittaker function) of Uq($$ \mathfrak{sl} $$
sl
(2, ℝ)) and review its applications to Liouville gravity. We then derive the corresponding matrix element for Uq($$ \mathfrak{osp} $$
osp
(1|2, ℝ)) and apply it to explain structural features of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 Liouville supergravity. We show that this matrix element has the following properties: (1) its q → 1 limit is the classical OSp+(1|2, ℝ) Whittaker function, (2) it yields the Plancherel measure as the density of black hole states in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 Liouville supergravity, and (3) it leads to 3j-symbols that match with the coupling of boundary vertex operators to the gravitational states as appropriate for $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 Liouville supergravity. This object should likewise be of interest in the context of integrability of supersymmetric relativistic Toda chains. We furthermore relate Liouville (super)gravity to dilaton (super)gravity with a hyperbolic sine (pre)potential. We do so by showing that the quantization of the target space Poisson structure in the (graded) Poisson sigma model description leads directly to the quantum group Uq($$ \mathfrak{sl} $$
sl
(2, ℝ)) or the quantum supergroup Uq($$ \mathfrak{osp} $$
osp
(1|2, ℝ)).
Regulation of choroid plexus development and its functions
Authors: Kompaníková Petra , Bryja Vítězslav
Published: May 2022

The choroid plexus (ChP) is an extensively vascularized tissue that protrudes into the brain ventricular system of all vertebrates. This highly specialized structure, consisting of the polarized epithelial sheet and underlying stroma, serves a spectrum of functions within the central nervous system (CNS), most notably the production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The epithelial cells of the ChP have the competence to tightly modulate the biomolecule composition of CSF, which acts as a milieu functionally connecting ChP with other brain structures. This review aims to eloquently summarize the current knowledge about the development of ChP. We describe the mechanisms that control its early specification from roof plate followed by the formation of proliferative regions—cortical hem and rhombic lips—feeding later development of ChP. Next, we summarized the current knowledge on the maturation of ChP and mechanisms that control its morphological and cellular diversity. Furthermore, we attempted to review the currently available battery of molecular markers and mouse strains available for the research of ChP, and identified some technological shortcomings that must be overcome to accelerate the ChP research field. Overall, the central principle of this review is to highlight ChP as an intriguing and surprisingly poorly known structure that is vital for the development and function of the whole CNS. We believe that our summary will increase the interest in further studies of ChP that aim to describe the molecular and cellular principles guiding the development and function of this tissue.
The novel P330L pathogenic variant of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase maps on the catalytic flexible loop underlying its crucial role
Authors: Bisello Giovanni , Kusmierska Katarzyna , Verbeek Marcel M. , Sykut–Cegielska Jolanta , Willemsen Michèl A. A. P. , Wevers Ron A. , Szymańska Krystyna , Poznanski Jarosław , Drozak Jakub , Wertheim–Tysarowska Katarzyna , Rygiel Agnieszka Magdalena , Bertoldi Mariarita
Published: May 2022

Aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency is a rare monogenic disease, often fatal in the first decade, causing severe intellectual disability, movement disorders and autonomic dysfunction. It is due to mutations in the gene coding for the AADC enzyme responsible for the synthesis of dopamine and serotonin. Using whole exome sequencing, we have identified a novel homozygous c.989C > T (p.Pro330Leu) variant of AADC causing AADC deficiency. Pro330 is part of an essential structural and functional element: the flexible catalytic loop suggested to cover the active site as a lid and properly position the catalytic residues. Our investigations provide evidence that Pro330 concurs in the achievement of an optimal catalytic competence. Through a combination of bioinformatic approaches, dynamic light scattering measurements, limited proteolysis experiments, spectroscopic and in solution analyses, we demonstrate that the substitution of Pro330 with Leu, although not determining gross conformational changes, results in an enzymatic species that is highly affected in catalysis with a decarboxylase catalytic efficiency decreased by 674- and 194-fold for the two aromatic substrates. This defect does not lead to active site structural disassembling, nor to the inability to bind the pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP) cofactor. The molecular basis for the pathogenic effect of this variant is rather due to a mispositioning of the catalytically competent external aldimine intermediate, as corroborated by spectroscopic analyses and pH dependence of the kinetic parameters. Altogether, we determined the structural basis for the severity of the manifestation of AADC deficiency in this patient and discussed the rationale for a precision therapy.
Five solutions for the fractional $$\pmb {p}$$-Laplacian with noncoercive energy
Authors: Frassu Silvia , Iannizzotto Antonio
Published: May 2022

We deal with a Dirichlet problem driven by the degenerate fractional p-Laplacian and involving a nonlinear reaction which satisfies, among other hypotheses, a $$(p-1)$$

(
p
-
1
)

-linear growth at infinity with non-resonance above the first eigenvalue. The energy functional governing the problem is thus noncoercive. We focus on the behavior of the reaction near the origin, assuming that it has a $$(p-1)$$

(
p
-
1
)

-sublinear growth at zero, vanishes at three points, and satisfies a reverse Ambrosetti–Rabinowitz condition. Under such assumptions, by means of critical point theory and Morse theory, and using suitably truncated reactions, we show the existence of five nontrivial solutions: two positive, two negative, and one nodal.
Arthroskopische Schraubenfixation einer transversen Glenoidfraktur
Authors: Ubl Steffen Timo , Kappel Paola , Imach Sebastian , Bouillon Bertil , Wafaisade Arasch
Published: May 2022

Transverse Glenoidfrakturen sind selten und treten meist mit Begleitverletzungen auf. Vorgestellt wird der Fall eines 50-jährigen Mannes, der eine Glenoidfraktur (Typ III nach Ideberg) als Teilverletzung des „superior shoulder suspensory complex“ erlitt. Die Schraubenfixation erfolgte arthroskopisch durch ein hohes, anteromediales Portal. Auf die übliche Anlage des Neviaser-Portals wurde verzichtet. Nach 3 Monaten konnte ein sehr gutes klinisches Ergebnis und eine Durchbauung der Glenoidfraktur beobachtet werden. Die arthroskopische Versorgung von Typ-III-Glenoidfrakturen stellt eine Alternative zu offenen Verfahren dar.
Tool wear prediction in face milling of stainless steel using singular generative adversarial network and LSTM deep learning models
Authors: Shah Milind , Vakharia Vinay , Chaudhari Rakesh , Vora Jay , Pimenov Danil Yu. , Giasin Khaled
Published: May 2022

During milling operations, wear of cutting tool is inevitable; therefore, tool condition monitoring is essential. One of the difficulties in detecting the state of milling tools is that they are visually inspected, and due to this, the milling process needs to be interrupted. Intelligent monitoring systems based on accelerometers and algorithms have been developed as a part of Industry 4.0 to monitor the tool wear during milling process. In this paper, acoustic emission (AE) and vibration signals captured through sensors are analyzed and the scalograms were constructed from Morlet wavelets. The relative wavelet energy (RWE) criterion was applied to select suitable wavelet functions. Due to the availability of less experimental data to train the LSTM model for the prediction of tool wear, SinGAN was applied to generate additional scalograms and later several image quality parameters were extracted to construct feature vectors. The feature vector is used to train three long short-term memory network (LSTM) models: vanilla, stacked, and bidirectional. To analyze the performance of LSTM models for tool wear prediction, five performance parameters were computed namelyR2, adjustedR2, mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean square error (MSE). The lowest MAE, RMSE, and MSE values were observed as 0.005, 0.016, and 0.0002 and highR2and Adj.R2values as 0.997 are observed from the vibration signal. Results suggest that the stacked LSTM model predicts the tool wear better as compared to other LSTM models. The proposed methodology has given very less errors in tool wear predictions and can be extremely useful for the development of an online deep learning tool condition monitoring system.
Baited video, but not diver video, detects a greater contrast in the abundance of two legal-size target species between no-take and fished zones
Authors: Haberstroh Anna Julia , McLean Dianne , Holmes Thomas H. , Langlois Tim
Published: May 2022

Inherent differences between baited remote video versus diver-operated video survey methodologies may influence their ability to detect effects of fishing. Here, the ability of no-take zones (NTZs) to provide protection for legal-sized fish from targeted species within the Ningaloo Marine Park (NMP) was assessed using both baited remote underwater stereo-video (stereo-BRUV) and diver-operated stereo-video (stereo-DOV). The relative abundance of legal-sized individuals of three recreationally targeted fish species, spangled emperor Lethrinus nebulosus, chinaman cod Epinephelus rivulatus and goldspotted trevally Carangoides fulvoguttatus, were examined using both methodologies inside and outside six NTZs across the NMP. Stereo-BRUVs found positive effects of protection on the relative abundance of legal-size C. fulvoguttatus and L. nebulosus in NTZs. Stereo-DOVs, however, did not detect any differences in relative abundances and sizes of these species between areas opened and closed to fishing. These contrasting results suggest that choice of sampling methodology can influence interpretations of the ability of NTZs to provide adequate levels of protection for target species. Our results suggest that stereo-BRUVs are a superior technique to stereo-DOVs for assessing the effectiveness of no-take zones for protection of fishery target species, reflecting bait attraction and an absence of diver influence on fish behaviour.
The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) Liver Injury Grade Does Not Equally Predict Interventions in Blunt and Penetrating Trauma
Authors: Brigode William , Adra Amal , Capron Gweniviere , Basu Anupam , Messer Thomas , Starr Frederic , Bokhari Faran
Published: May 2022

Introduction

The AAST liver injury grade has a validated association with mortality and need for operation. AAST liver injury grade is the same regardless of the mechanism of trauma.

Methods

A 5‐year retrospective review of all liver injuries at an urban, level‐one trauma center was performed.

Results

Totally, 315 patients were included (29% blunt, 71% penetrating). In blunt trauma, AAST grade was associated with need for laparotomy (0%, 7%, 5%, 33%, 29%, Grade 1–5, p = 0.01), angiography (0%, 7%, 25%, 40%, 57%, p < 0.001), embolization (0%, 7%, 15%, 33%, 43%, p = 0.01), and percutaneous drainage procedures (13% use in Grade 4, otherwise 0%, p = 0.04), but not ERCP (0% for all grades). In penetrating trauma, AAST grade was associated with need for angiography (7%, 4%, 15%, 24%, 30%, p < 0.01) and percutaneous drainage (7%, 2%, 14%, 18%, 26%, p = 0.03) and had a marginal association with embolization (0%, 4%, 11%, 13%, 22%, p = 0.06). Laparotomy, ERCP, sphincterotomy, and stenting rates increased with AAST grade, but this was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

AAST grade is associated with the need for surgical hemostasis, angioembolization, and percutaneous drainage in both penetrating and blunt trauma. Operative, endoscopic, and percutaneous procedures are utilized more in penetrating trauma. Angioembolization was used more in blunt trauma. Mechanism should be considered when using AAST grade to guide management of liver injuries.
Cardiovascular risk and mortality in patients with hyperuricemia treated with febuxostat or allopurinol: a retrospective nation-wide cohort study in Austria 2014–2017
Authors: Weisshaar Stefan , Litschauer Brigitte , Reichardt Berthold , Gruber Felix , Leitner Stefan , Sibinovic Sasa , Kossmeier Michael , Wolzt Michael
Published: May 2022

Patients with hyperuricemia and gout are at an increased risk for cardiovascular (CV) disease. Inhibition of the xanthine oxidase with allopurinol or febuxostat have become the mainstay for urate lowering therapy. However, it has been suggested that febuxostat increases the risk for CV mortality as compared to allopurinol. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to assess the CV risk among patients with febuxostat or allopurinol therapy. Patients who initiated urate lowering therapy with febuxostat or allopurinol between 2014 and 2017 were selected from the drug reimbursement database of the Austrian health insurances funds. The primary CV endpoint was a composite of angina pectoris, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal subarachnoid or cerebral hemorrhage, nonfatal ischemic stroke, or death from any cause. In total, 28.068 patients (62.1% male) with a mean age of 71 years were included. 7.767 initiated febuxostat treatment and 20.301 received allopurinol. The incidence rate per 100 patient-years of the composite primary endpoint was 448 (febuxostat) and 356 (allopurinol) with a corresponding adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 0.58 (95% CI 0.53–0.63) for allopurinol vs. febuxostat initiators. Similar HR were found for secondary endpoints including all-cause mortality [0.61 (95% CI 0.55–0.68)] and separate analyses of cardiac events [0.48 (95% CI 0.38–0.61)] and ischemic stroke [0.47 (95% CI 0.36–0.61)]. Data from this Austrian population-based study suggests that febuxostat initiators are at an increased risk for nonfatal CV events or death from any cause as compared to those with allopurinol. This is consistent with CV concerns of other trials, which limited the broad therapeutic use of febuxostat.
Representation of sea ice regimes in the Western Ross Sea, Antarctica, based on satellite imagery and AMPS wind data
Authors: Farooq Usama , Rack Wolfgang , McDonald Adrian , Howell Stephen
Published: May 2022

Sea ice drift data at high spatial resolution and surface wind model output are used to explore atmosphere-sea ice interactions in the Western Ross Sea including the three main polynyas areas; McMurdo Sound polynya (MSP), Terra Nova Bay polynya (TNBP), and the Ross Sea polynya (RSP). This study quantifies the relationship between the winds and sea ice drift and observes the average and annual anomalies across the region. Sea ice drift velocities are based on high-resolution (150 m) Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) images from Envisat for winters between 2002 and 2012. Sea ice motion vectors were first correlated with the corresponding Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS) surface wind velocities, and the sensitivity of the spatial correlations and residuals were examined. Four drift parameters were selected (mean drift, the correlation between drift and wind, drift to wind scaling factor, and the directional drift constancy) to perform an unsupervised k-means classification to automatically distinguish six zones of distinctive sea ice characteristics solely based on ice drift and wind information. Results indicate a heterogeneous pattern of sea ice movement at a rate ranging from 0.41 to 2.24% of the wind speed in different areas. We also find that the directional constancy of sea ice drift is closely related to the wind fields. Sea ice drift and wind velocities display the highest correlation in free-drift areas (R = 0.70), followed by deformational drift zones (R = 0.54), and more random drift areas (R = 0.28). The classification illustrates the significance of localized wind-driven sea ice drift in this coastal area resulting in zones of convergence, shear, and free drift. The results also indicate that the most persistent patterns of sea ice motion are near the RSP and TNBP areas, both being driven by strong localized winds. Our findings identify that large-scale sea ice motion is predominantly wind-driven over much of the study area while ocean currents play only a minor role.
Distribution dependent SDEs driven by additive fractional Brownian motion
Authors: Galeati Lucio , Harang Fabian A. , Mayorcas Avi
Published: May 2022

We study distribution dependent stochastic differential equations with irregular, possibly distributional drift, driven by an additive fractional Brownian motion of Hurst parameter $$H\in (0,1)$$

H
∈
(
0
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1
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. We establish strong well-posedness under a variety of assumptions on the drift; these include the choice $$\begin{aligned} B(\cdot ,\mu )=(f*\mu )(\cdot ) + g(\cdot ), \quad f,\,g\in B^\alpha _{\infty ,\infty },\quad \alpha >1-\frac{1}{2H}, \end{aligned}$$

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,

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thus extending the results by Catellier and Gubinelli (Stochast Process Appl 126(8):2323–2366, 2016) to the distribution dependent case. The proofs rely on some novel stability estimates for singular SDEs driven by fractional Brownian motion and the use of Wasserstein distances.
DEM simulations of agglomerates impact breakage using Timoshenko beam bond model
Authors: Chen Xizhong , Wang Li Ge , Morrissey John P. , Ooi Jin Y.
Published: May 2022

Attrition and breakage of agglomerates are prevalent during production and handling processes in many industries. Therefore, it is highly desirable to be able to model and analyse the agglomerate breakage process under various loading conditions. The ensemble strength and breakage patterns of agglomerates are still not well understood despite a significant amount of research being carried out. In this study, three-dimensional discrete element method (DEM) simulation of the impact breakage behaviour of agglomerates were performed using a Timoshenko beam bond model which considers axial, shear, twisting and bending behaviours on the bonds. An advantage of the Timoshenko beam bond model is the pertinent parameters of the bond contact have clear physical meaning and therefore could be determined through corresponding experimental characterisations. The mechanical properties of the bonds in this study were firstly calibrated using experimental measurements. The validation of the Timoshenko beam bond model was then undertaken by direct comparisons between the numerical simulation and experimental results of impact tests. It was shown that the time evolution of the agglomerate breakage process obtained from simulation had good agreement with experimental observations. Numerical results indicate that most of the damage happens at the early stage of the impact and a cone shape fracture zone is formed quickly inside the agglomerate where strong compressive stresses are concentrated. It is found that the exterior of the fracture zone is surrounded by an arch shape tensile stress which dominates the fracture propagation.