bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Cerebellar–Cortical Structural Covariance Mirror Anatomical Connectivity of Sensorimotor and Cognitive Networks
Authors: Alasmar Zaki , Chakravarty M. Mallar , Penhune Virginia B. , Steele Christopher J.
Published: January 2025

The cortex and cerebellum are densely connected through reciprocal input/output projections that form segregated circuits. These circuits are shown to differentially connect anterior lobules of the cerebellum to sensorimotor regions, and lobules Crus I and II to prefrontal regions. This differential connectivity pattern leads to the hypothesis that individual differences in structure should be related, especially for connected regions. To test this hypothesis, we examined covariation between the volumes of anterior sensorimotor and lateral cognitive lobules of the cerebellum and measures of cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) across the whole brain in a sample of 270 young adults drawn from the HCP dataset. We observed that patterns of cerebellar–cortical covariance differed between sensorimotor and cognitive networks. Anterior motor lobules of the cerebellum showed greater covariance with sensorimotor regions of the cortex, while lobules Crus I and Crus II showed greater covariance with frontal and temporal regions. Interestingly, cerebellar volume showed predominantly negative relationships with CT and predominantly positive relationships with SA. Individual differences in SA are thought to be largely under genetic control while CT is thought to be more malleable by experience. This suggests that cerebellar–cortical covariation for SA may be a more stable feature, whereas covariation for CT may be more affected by development. Additionally, similarity metrics revealed that the pattern of covariance showed a gradual transition between sensorimotor and cognitive lobules, consistent with evidence of functional gradients within the cerebellum. Taken together, these findings are consistent with known patterns of structural and functional connectivity between the cerebellum and cortex. They also shed new light on possibly differing relationships between cerebellar volume and cortical thickness and surface area. Finally, our findings are consistent with the interactive specialization framework which proposes that structurally and functionally connected brain regions develop in concert.
Altered Connectome Topology in Newborns at Risk for Cognitive Developmental Delay: A Cross‐Etiologic Study
Authors: Speckert Anna , Payette Kelly , Knirsch Walter , von Rhein Michael , Grehten Patrice , Kottke Raimund , Hagmann Cornelia , Natalucci Giancarlo , Moehrlen Ueli , Mazzone Luca , Ochsenbein‐Kölble Nicole , Padden Beth ,   SPINA BIFIDA STUDY GROUP ZURICH, Latal Beatrice , Jakab Andras
Published: January 2025

The human brain connectome is characterized by the duality of highly modular structure and efficient integration, supporting information processing. Newborns with congenital heart disease (CHD), prematurity, or spina bifida aperta (SBA) constitute a population at risk for altered brain development and developmental delay (DD). We hypothesize that, independent of etiology, alterations of connectomic organization reflect neural circuitry impairments in cognitive DD. Our study aim is to address this knowledge gap by using a multi‐etiologic neonatal dataset to reveal potential commonalities and distinctions in the structural brain connectome and their associations with DD. We used diffusion tensor imaging of 187 newborns (42 controls, 51 with CHD, 51 with prematurity, and 43 with SBA). Structural weighted connectomes were constructed using constrained spherical deconvolution‐based probabilistic tractography and the Edinburgh Neonatal Atlas. Assessment of brain network topology encompassed the analysis of global graph features, network‐based statistics, and low‐dimensional representation of global and local graph features. The Cognitive Composite Score of the Bayley scales of Infant and Toddler Development 3rd edition was used as outcome measure at corrected 2 years for the preterm born individuals and SBA patients, and at 1 year for the healthy controls and CHD. We detected differences in the connectomic structure of newborns across the four groups after visualizing the connectomes in a two‐dimensional space defined by network integration and segregation. Further, analysis of covariance analyses revealed differences in global efficiency (p < 0.0001), modularity (p < 0.0001), mean rich club coefficient (p = 0.017), and small‐worldness (p = 0.016) between groups after adjustment for postmenstrual age at scan and gestational age at birth. Moreover, small‐worldness was significantly associated with poorer cognitive outcome, specifically in the CHD cohort (r = −0.41, p = 0.005). Our cross‐etiologic study identified divergent structural brain connectome profiles linked to deviations from optimal network integration and segregation in newborns at risk for DD. Small‐worldness emerges as a key feature, associating with early cognitive outcomes, especially within the CHD cohort, emphasizing small‐worldness' crucial role in shaping neurodevelopmental trajectories. Neonatal connectomic alterations associated with DD may serve as a marker identifying newborns at‐risk for DD and provide early therapeutic interventions.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT 00313946
Renal metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma after living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Nakamura Yo , Kamei Jun , Tanaka Ryo , Yasunaga Yoichi , Akamatsu Nobuhisa , Taguchi Satoru , Kakutani Shigenori , Yamada Yuta , Niimi Aya , Yamada Daisuke , Kume Haruki
Published: January 2025

Introduction

We report a case of renal metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma in a liver transplant recipient.

Case presentation

A 66‐year‐old man who was diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma and considered to be in complete remission for 7 years underwent living donor liver transplantation. A residual tumor was found in the removed native liver. Computed tomography at 13 months after transplantation revealed a 24‐mm hypervascular tumor with arterial phase enhancement, venous phase washout in the right kidney, and increasing hepatocellular carcinoma tumor markers. Partial nephrectomy was performed and the renal tumor was diagnosed as renal metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumor marker levels decreased temporarily, but pulmonary metastasis and pleural dissemination subsequently appeared.

Conclusion

Renal metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma should be considered when renal tumors are detected in liver transplant recipients because the risks of tumor recurrence and metastasis are increased.
Unequal Effects of the Lockdown on Mental Health in Shanghai: The Moderating and Mediating Role of Neighborhood Environment and Online Social Connections
Authors: Pei Yaolin , Qi Xiang , Li Gen , Tang Weiming , Huang Kangning , Hall Brian J. , Wu Bei
Published: January 2025

The COVID‐19 pandemic profoundly impacted population mental health worldwide. Few studies examined how the neighborhood environment and online social connections might influence the social gradient in mental health during the pandemic lockdown. We aim to examine the moderating and mediating role of neighborhood environment and online social connections in the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and mental health outcomes. We conducted a cross‐sectional online survey of 3763 Shanghai residents during the COVID‐19 lockdown between April 29 and June 1, 2022. Employing OLS linear regression analyses, our findings reveal that SES was negatively associated with depressive symptoms (B = 0.173, p < 0.001) and anxiety (B = 0.147, p < 0.001). The findings supported our hypotheses that this disparity in mental health was partially mediated by neighborhood social capital, community management, and the extent of online social connections measured by the frequency of social connection through the social media WeChat (all p < 0.05). Additionally, neighborhood social capital, community management, and online social connections also mitigated SES‐driven mental health inequalities (all p < 0.05). The study underscores the significance of the neighborhood environment and online social interactions in amplifying SES‐related mental health effects, offering valuable insights for urban planning and health equity strategies.
Liver Transplant From a Deceased Donor With Cystinosis: A Case Report
Authors: Taj Raeda , Ng Kim , Cuddapah Sanmati R. , Rand Elizabeth B. , Bleicher Melissa , Amaral Sandra , Hoteit Maarouf A. , Reddy Rajendar K. , Feyssa Eyob , Furth Emma E. , Olthoff Kim M. , Abu‐Gazala Samir , Levine Matthew H. , Vyas Frederick , Abt Peter L.
Published: January 2025

Many inherited metabolic disorders (IMD) are associated with end‐organ damage necessitating organ transplantation. Although utilization of deceased donors with history of IMD warrants caution, there may be circumstances under which such donors could be considered as suitable organ donor candidates. We present the first known report of liver transplantation from a deceased donor with cystinosis. The donor was a 20‐year‐old male with infantile cystinosis who had previously undergone two deceased donor kidney transplants. Unfortunately, he incurred cranial trauma, and after careful consideration of the metabolic consequences, his liver was deemed suitable for transplantation. The liver was successfully transplanted into a 65‐year‐old female recipient with hepatitis C (HCV) cirrhosis. The recipient is currently 12 months post‐transplant and experiencing good graft function without evidence of cystine crystals on liver biopsy. This case highlights that liver transplantation from donors with rare IMD can result in favorable outcomes. However, it is crucial to approach the use of such livers with caution. These transplants should be considered after a thorough assessment, ensuring that a comprehensive decision‐making process is in place to mitigate potential risks.
Achieving Construct Clarity Through Perceived Workplace Exclusion: A Critical Literature Analysis and Proposed Model
Authors: Stamper Christina L. , Metz Isabel , Shore Lynn M.
Published: January 2025

There are many researchers who believe that workplace exclusion is a unique construct and worthwhile to study; however, there is also significant inconsistency across existing research in definitions and explanations. These variations illustrate the practical and investigative need for a more precise approach that can be consistently utilized to facilitate a common and deeper understanding of workplace exclusion. To this end, we build a bridge across the different perspectives to establish a clearer conceptual foundation. Our work focuses on the target's belief that they are being excluded, represented by the proposed concept of perceived workplace exclusion. We first analyze definitions and theoretical logic drawn from representative publications found across literatures on exclusion, mistreatment, and diversity by applying Suddaby's criteria for construct clarity. Our results show the presence of multiple definitions, an absence of clear differentiation from similar constructs, confusing contextual descriptions and approaches, and utilization of multiple, inconsistent theoretical perspectives. We then utilize valuable insights from our analysis, along with logic drawn from the perceived organizational membership framework, to craft the concept of perceived workplace exclusion. Through our work, we generate propositions and research questions to stimulate future research efforts that will result in significant theoretical advancement and accumulated knowledge.
Nitrogen Deposition Enhances Interactions Between Litter Types During the Early Stage of Decomposition
Authors: Li Jiahao , Dong Yuxin , Liu Kaixuan , Chen Lingsu , Zhang Xiaoxi , Zhang Yangfei , Yang Enxiu , Wei Lihong
Published: January 2025

Nitrogen deposition can alter the interactions between litter types during their decomposition, and thus affect material cycling and ecosystem stability. However, it is unclear how the differences in the initial chemical properties of litter mixtures affect their response to nitrogen deposition. In this study, we investigated three litter mixtures: high quality–high quality (Robinia pseudoacacia–Stipa grandis, Rp‐Sg, mixed form F1), high quality–low quality (Rp–Setaria viridis, Rp‐Sv, F2), and low quality–low quality (Artemisia gmelinii–Sv, Ag‐Sv, F3). Each of the litter types can be found in Rp plantations in the Loess Hilly Region, China. We subjected the litter mixtures to nitrogen deposition treatments (0 and 4–12 g·m−2·a−1) in a 326‐day indoor decomposition experiment. Decomposition parameters of each litter type in monospecific and mixed decomposition were compared to investigate the interactions between litter types under nitrogen deposition. The results indicated that, in the early stage of mixed decomposition, litter types of similar substrate quality did not affect the decomposition of each other (i.e., in the F1 and F3 mixtures). In contrast, the decomposition of low‐quality litter (Sv) was accelerated by that of high‐quality litter (Rp) when there was no nitrogen deposition. The overall degree of the mutual effects (Rinter,t) for the litter decomposition rate in F1, which has an overall higher quality, increased and then decreased with increasing nitrogen deposition; whereas the Rinter,t for the litter decomposition rate in F2 and F3, which have an overall poor quality (p < 0.05), increased continuously. In general, nitrogen deposition increased the interactions between litter types during the early stage of mixed decomposition. Given that most interactions were synergistic, this effect of nitrogen deposition may alleviate its inhibitory effects on litter decomposition in the study region.
MScanFit and StairFit Motor Unit Number Estimation of the Extensor Digitorum Brevis and Abductor Digiti Minimi Muscles
Authors: Zhang Yanhui , Chen Maoqi , Xu Peipei , Xie Qing , Zong Ya , Zhou Ping
Published: January 2025

Introduction/Aims

MScanFit and StairFit are two motor unit number estimation (MUNE) methods derived from a compound muscle action potential (CMAP) scan. This study aims to compare MScanFit and StairFit MUNE values by applying both methods to the same muscles.

Methods

CMAP scans were recorded from the extensor digitorum brevis (EDB) and abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscles. MUNE was performed using the MScanFit and the StairFit programs.

Results

Twenty healthy subjects (30.1 ± 6.6 years; 11 males, 9 females) participated in the study. The MScanFit and StairFit MUNE values were 79 ± 35 and 63 ± 20 for the EDB muscle, and 124 ± 33 and 80 ± 20 for the ADM muscle, respectively. The StairFit MUNE was significantly lower than the MScanFit MUNE (p < 0.05 for EDB, p < 0.01 for ADM).

Discussion

The different results for MScanFit and StairFit MUNE are likely due to the different strategies used by the two methods. Serial studies are needed to further compare their performances in tracking motor unit number and size changes.
Coblator Assisted‐Barbed Relocation Pharyngoplasty (Co‐BRP) in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Surgical Treatment
Authors: Bahgat Ahmed , Vicini Claudio , Bahgat Yassin , Magliulo Giuseppe , Greco Antonio , De Virgilio Armando , Pace Annalisa , Maniaci Antonino , Lechien Jerome , De Vito Andrea , Cammaroto Giovanni , Caranti Alberto , Casale Manuele , Moffa Antonio , Cocuzza Salvatore , Olszewska Ewa , Perrone Tiziano , Iannella Giannicola
Published: January 2025

Barbed reposition pharyngoplasty (BRP) is a new technique to manage velo‐pharyngeal obstruction and collapse in OSA patients. Tonsillectomy is a preliminary step of BRP surgery. Dissection of the PPM with monopolar or hot instruments is an essential step of the BRP technique. Tonsillectomy and muscle manipulation should be managed with careful attention due to the risk of muscle fibers rupture and surgical failure. We describe the coblator assisted BRP. The aim of this paper is to report the use and advantages of coblator technology in tonsillectomy and the velo‐pharyngeal dissection before the PPM relocation with barbed sutures. In this operative technique study 100 OSA patients underwent Co‐barbed technique. The CO‐BRP technique has been considered fast, safe and minimally invasive with a low postoperative pain (mean value 3.63 ± 0.7). Postoperatively, a significant decrease in mean AHI from 35.63 ± 10.57 to 17.06 ± 5.92 (P < .005) emerged.
Are Pollution Control Bonds and Public Ownership Really Blessing for Utility Firms?
Authors: Khanchel Imen , Lassoued Naima , Khiari Cyrine
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study is to extend the existing literature on the relationship between green financing and carbon footprints in utility firms. We specifically examine the connection between pollution control bonds (PCBs) and carbon efficiency (CE), as well as whether public ownership moderates this relationship. This study is based on the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method with Variable Returns to Scale to measure CE in firms by optimizing inputs while considering both desirable and undesirable outputs. Specifically, the study uses three key input variables: labor, defined by the effective labor time of employees; capital input, calculated using the perpetual inventory method; and energy use, which refers to the final energy consumption. We include good outputs (represented by net sales revenue) and bad outputs (quantified by carbon emissions). Using a sample of 86 US utility firms that use PCBs, matched with an equivalent number of firms from 2011 to 2020, our findings indicate that PCBs increase CE. Furthermore, we observe that public ownership strengthens this relationship, suggesting that utility firms have to consider the role of public ownership when addressing environmental challenges. Sensitivity analysis, taking into account significant reforms such as the Clean Power Plan (CPP) and Affordable Clean Energy (ACE), yields interesting results. The findings during the application periods of both the CPP and ACE align with our primary conclusions, though with some variations. Specifically, the ACE period demonstrates more pronounced effects than the CPP, largely due to ACE's flexible framework, which alleviates financial and regulatory pressures on utility companies. Conversely, the suspension of the CPP yielded contrasting results, with PCBs reducing CE. This result is primarily because many firms continued to depend on traditional energy sources in the absence of new mandatory regulations.
Children's environmental citizen science: Stakeholders' experiences and perceptions
Authors: Wilson Catherine , Mills Sarah , Wood Paul J.
Published: January 2025

Compared to our understanding of adult participation in environmental citizen science (CS), the current literature on child engagement is limited. As adult stakeholders may control children's access to environmental CS (through recruitment strategies, resource provision or as gatekeepers), it is important to understand their experiences and perceptions of engaging children in environmental CS.

Semistructured online interviews were conducted with 26 stakeholders of environmental CS. Stakeholders were individuals and organisations that ran or facilitated projects or used environmental CS data. Template thematic analysis was used to analyse the interview materials.

This research found that the interviewees were generally positive about the engagement of children in environmental CS, with most stakeholders having equal trust in the data collected by adults and children.

Six factors were identified that should be considered when engaging children in environmental CS compared to adults. These were (1) purpose of the project, (2) safety of child participants, (3) supervision of child participants, (4) knowledge and cognitive abilities, (5) attitude and behaviour and (6) commitment to the project.

A novel framework for citizen scientists' outcomes, with a focus on children, was developed based on stakeholders' perceptions and experiences. The categories included within this framework were educational, environmental, scientific, well‐being, societal, social and career outcomes.

Stakeholders perceived that children could contribute to and benefit from environmental CS, which has positive implications for research and practice across different organisational contexts and sectors of society. The six factors perceived as important considerations when involving children in environmental CS can help practitioners engage young people, creating a more inclusive approach to environmental CS. The development of a framework in this research, which highlights the individual and societal outcomes of environmental CS and specifically focuses on children, emphasises outcomes that had been overlooked in previous frameworks and research, providing clear direction for future project evaluations.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Microencapsulation: An Innovative Technology in Modern Science
Authors: Lalarukh  , Hussain Syed Makhdoom , Ali Shafaqat , Yilmaz Ebru , Zahoor Ameer Fawad , Javid Arshad , Alshehri Mohammad Ali , Shahzad Muhammad Mudassar , Naeem Adan , Mahrukh
Published: January 2025

Microencapsulation is a methodology utilized across different areas to upgrade the viability, steadiness, and conveyance of bioactive compounds. Microencapsulation improves stability, controlled release, and sensory properties in pharmaceuticals, food products, agriculture, skincare products, and aquaculture by enclosing molecules within protective coatings. Spray drying, emulsification, and coacervation are techniques employed to tailor the release profiles and safeguard encapsulated compounds. The microencapsulation technique improves the shelf life and effectiveness of bioactive compounds, addressing challenges related to solubility, bioavailability, and targeted delivery. Despite its advantages, microencapsulation faces challenges concerning cost, scalability, and regulatory compliance. Ongoing research aims to enhance these techniques and materials, increasing cost‐effectiveness and facilitating applications in biotechnology, environmental science, and additional domains. This study explores the critical role of the microencapsulation approach in improving the stability and effectiveness of bioactive compounds across various applications, while also considering current challenges and future developments in improving the efficiency of encapsulation methods and materials.
Computational pathology applied to clinical colorectal cancer cohorts identifies immune and endothelial cell spatial patterns predictive of outcome
Authors: Trahearn Nicholas , Sakr Chirine , Banerjee Abhirup , Lee Seung Hyun , Baker Ann‐Marie , Kocher Hemant M , Angerilli Valentina , Morano Federica , Bergamo Francesca , Maddalena Giulia , Intini Rossana , Cremolini Chiara , Caravagna Giulio , Graham Trevor , Pietrantonio Filippo , Lonardi Sara , Fassan Matteo , Sottoriva Andrea
Published: January 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a histologically heterogeneous disease with variable clinical outcome. The role the tumour microenvironment (TME) plays in determining tumour progression is complex and not fully understood. To improve our understanding, it is critical that the TME is studied systematically within clinically annotated patient cohorts with long‐term follow‐up. Here we studied the TME in three clinical cohorts of metastatic CRC with diverse molecular subtype and treatment history. The MISSONI cohort included cases with microsatellite instability that received immunotherapy (n = 59, 24 months median follow‐up). The BRAF cohort included BRAF V600E mutant microsatellite stable (MSS) cancers (n = 141, 24 months median follow‐up). The VALENTINO cohort included RAS/RAF WT MSS cases who received chemotherapy and anti‐EGFR therapy (n = 175, 32 months median follow‐up). Using a Deep learning cell classifier, trained upon >38,000 pathologist annotations, to detect eight cell types within H&E‐stained sections of CRC, we quantified the spatial tissue organisation and colocalisation of cell types across these cohorts. We found that the ratio of infiltrating endothelial cells to cancer cells, a possible marker of vascular invasion, was an independent predictor of progression‐free survival (PFS) in the BRAF+MISSONI cohort (p = 0.033, HR = 1.44, CI = 1.029–2.01). In the VALENTINO cohort, this pattern was also an independent PFS predictor in TP53 mutant patients (p = 0.009, HR = 0.59, CI = 0.40–0.88). Tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes were an independent predictor of PFS in BRAF+MISSONI (p = 0.016, HR = 0.36, CI = 0.153–0.83). Elevated tumour‐infiltrating macrophages were predictive of improved PFS in the MISSONI cohort (p = 0.031). We validated our cell classification using highly multiplexed immunofluorescence for 17 markers applied to the same sections that were analysed by the classifier (n = 26 cases). These findings uncovered important microenvironmental factors that underpin treatment response across and within CRC molecular subtypes, while providing an atlas of the distribution of 180 million cells in 375 clinically annotated CRC patients. © 2025 The Author(s). The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Damp‐Heat–Induced Degradation of Lightweight Silicon Heterojunction Solar Modules With Different Transparent Conductive Oxide Layers
Authors: Zhang Kai , Mashkov Oleksandr , Yaqin Muhammad Ainul , Doll Bernd , Lambertz Andreas , Bittkau Karsten , Duan Weiyuan , Peters Ian Marius , Brabec Christoph J. , Rau Uwe , Ding Kaining
Published: January 2025

Lightweight photovoltaic applications are essential for diversifying the solar energy supply. This opens up vast new scenarios for solar modules and significantly boosts the capacity of renewable energy. To ensure high efficiency and stability of the solar modules, several challenges need to be overcome. Degradation due to elevated temperature and/or humidity is a critical concern for silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar modules. Here, we investigated the stability and degradation mechanism of encapsulated cells with lightweight configurations where the cells are based on three different types of transparent‐conductive oxide (TCO): indium tin oxide (ITO), aluminum‐doped zinc oxide (AZO), and a combination of ITO/AZO/ITO under humid and thermal environmental conditions. A damp heat (DH) test at a temperature of 85°C and relative humidity (RH) of 85% was performed on lightweight modules for 1000 h. Our results show that AZO is the most susceptible to DH degradation. The AZO film was damaged by the combined effects of moisture ingress and delamination of the interconnection foil, resulting in a decrease in the conductivity of the AZO film, leading to a dramatic increase in Rs and a decrease in FF of the modules. Consequently, moisture has a greater chance of percolating through the damaged AZO layer into the a‐Si:H passivation layer, causing passivation degradation, which leads to an increase in recombination, resulting in a decrease in Voc of the modules. In particular, after capping the AZO film with an ITO film, the efficiency loss of the ITO/AZO/ITO module was significantly reduced. This suggests that the ITO film could be a promising protective capping layer for the AZO‐based solar cells.
The Proteomic Landscape of the Coronary Accessible Heart Cell Surfaceome
Authors: Inocencio Iasmin , Rai Alin , Donner Daniel , Greening David W.
Published: January 2025

Cell surface proteins (surfaceome) represent key signalling and interaction molecules for therapeutic targeting, biomarker profiling and cellular phenotyping in physiological and pathological states. Here, we employed coronary artery perfusion with membrane‐impermeant biotin to label and capture the surface‐accessible proteome in the neo‐native (intact) heart. Using quantitative proteomics, we identified 701 heart cell surfaceome accessible by the coronary artery, including receptors, cell surface enzymes, adhesion and junctional molecules. This surfaceome comprises to 216 cardiac cell‐specific surface proteins, including 29 proteins reported in cardiomyocytes (CXADR, CACNA1C), 12 in cardiac fibroblasts (ITGA8, COL3A1) and 63 in multiple cardiac cell types (ICAM1, SLC3A2, CDH2). Further, this surfaceome comprises to 53 proteins enriched in heart tissue compared to other tissues in humans and implicated in cardiac cell signalling networks involving cardiomyopathy (CDH2, DTNA, PTKP2, SNTA1, CAM, K2D/B), cardiac muscle contraction and development (ENG, SNTA1, SGCG, MYPN), calcium ion binding (SGCA, MASP1, THBS4, FBLN2, GSN) and cell metabolism (SDHA, NUDFS1, GYS1, ACO2, IDH2). This method offers a powerful tool for dissecting the molecular landscape of the coronary artery accessible heart cell surfaceome, its role in maintaining cardiac and vascular function, and potential molecular leads for studying cardiac cell interactions and systemic delivery to the neo‐native heart.
Parenting and Family Concerns of Couples Navigating Advanced Breast Cancer: Exploring Discussions Around Parenting Challenges and Targets for Intervention
Authors: Kroll Juliet L. , Jones Morgan , Ann‐Yi Sujin , Chavez‐MacGregor Mariana , Bruera Eduardo , Milbury Kathrin
Published: January 2025

Background

Parents with advanced cancer and their partners are more likely to experience psychological distress than their counterparts without minor children. Greater relationship functioning may support parents in distress.

Aims

The current study seeks to explore couples' cancer‐related parenting communication behaviors, perception and their associations with psychological and relational wellbeing.

Methods

Women diagnosed with an advanced breast cancer (Stage III‐IV) and their partners (n = 46 dyads) parenting a minor child reported psychological symptoms (CES‐D, GAD‐7), relational wellbeing (DAS‐7) and cancer‐related parenting concerns (PCQ, patient only). As part of an observational task, couples completed a Family Concern Inventory (FCI) to identify cancer‐related family concerns. Then, each member selected one concern to discuss. Immediately after the discussion, participants rated their perception of the discussion and their state positive and negative affect.

Results

Parents (mean age = 43.4 years, 56% non‐Hispanic White, two female couples) endorsed high psychological distress, with patients reporting greater family concerns than partners (t = 3.80, p < 0.001). Both members of the couple indicated high levels of self‐disclosure and felt validated and accepted by their partners during the discussion. Yet, patients rated the discussion as more helpful than partners (t = 2.3, p = 0.03). There was a small reduction in positive affect following discussion for partners only. However, the more partners disclosed their emotions, the greater their post‐discussion positive affect (r = 0.50, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Couples' ability to openly communicate around cancer‐related parenting concerns is associated with aspects of psychological adjustment. Findings identify targets and underscore importance of flexibility for future interventions.
Template‐Free Synthesis of Mesoporous Iron‐Nickel‐Cobalt Oxide Microspheres via Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis Across Temperature Gradients for Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Seyedalangi S. M. , Oveisi H.
Published: January 2025

This study explores the synthesis of template‐free mesoporous FeNiCo oxide microspheres through a direct and efficient ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) technique. USP method includes precise control over particle size, the formation of mesoporous structures, multimetallic compositions, and high synthesis speed, all of which can contribute to enhanced photocatalytic activity. The analysis of the resulting microspheres involved a thorough exploration of their phase structure, texture, morphology, and photocatalytic properties. This investigation employed various analytical techniques, including X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nitrogen adsorption−desorption. The microspheres displayed a well‐crystallized cubic crystal structure, as evidenced by the X‐ray diffraction pattern, with a corresponding crystallite size ranging from 6.0 to 7.4 nm. The FESEM images revealed the synthesis of uniform‐sized particles with spherical shapes. N2 adsorption and desorption highlighted the mesoporous structure of FeNiCo oxide microspheres, indicating diverse surface areas and pore distributions, influencing catalytic performance and dye adsorption. The capability of the synthesized photocatalysts to degrade methylene blue was examined under both UV and visible light irradiation. The FeNiCo oxide microspheres exhibited a band gap of 2.34 eV. Photocatalytic evaluation revealed that the FeNiCo oxide nanoparticles achieved a 65% degradation of methylene blue within 110 min.
Urea‐Functionalized Degradable Material as an Efficient Adsorbent for Amphiphilic Dyes: Rhodamine B and Methylene Blue
Authors: Kumar Rajan , Kashyap Angarag , Kumar Pawan , Choudhury Diganta , Shunmugam Raja
Published: January 2025

Here we report urea‐functionalized material P‐UR1 invoked to analyze the dye adsorption property in aqueous medium. The unsaturated UR1 and the material P‐UR1 have been well characterized using different spectroscopic and analytical techniques. The hydrothiolated material exhibited viscoelasticity. The BET N2 sorption isotherm revealed P‐UR1 to exhibit porosity with a pore diameter of 15 nm and a surface area of 8.05 cm2/g. The kinetic adsorption studies reflect that the adsorption process follows pseudo‐second‐order model. Also, the adsorption isotherm analysis showed that the adsorption follows Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The material showed good response to recyclability for dye rhodamine B (RH B) in ethanol. The experimental observation was well supported by DFT calculation, where RH B + UR1x and MB + UR1x, x = 1, 2, complexes were examined. The interaction by the complexes RH B + UR12 and MB + UR12, both in air and solvent phase, indicates efficient interaction. The stabilization energy supports the efficient adsorption of the dyes rhodamine B (RH B) and methylene blue (MB) onto the material. Such urea‐derived functional material opens scope for textile industries.
DMSO‐Assisted Control Enables Highly Efficient 2D/3D Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Shan Shiqi , Zhou Yu , Xu Chang , You Guofeng , Chen Hongkai , Fu Weifei , Zuo Lijian , Chen Hongzheng
Published: January 2025

Building 2D/3D heterojunction is a promising approach to passivate surface defects and improve the stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Developing effective methods to build high‐quality 2D/3D heterojunction is in demand. The formation of 2D/3D heterojunction involves both the diffusion of 2D spacer molecules and phase transition from 3D to 2D structure. Herein, a DMSO‐assisted method is demonstrated to simultaneously regulate both the 2D/3D formation kinetics, yielding high‐quality 2D top layer with continuous coverage, which enhances the photovoltaic performance of PSCs. It is found that the presence of DMSO significantly facilitates the diffusion of 2D spacer cation. Meanwhile the residual DMSO may partially dissolve the surface perovskite, facilitating the reaction between 2D molecules with 3D perovskite and ultimately leading to sequential secondary crystal growth and the appearance of a distinct 2D layer. The formation of high‐quality 2D layer effectively passivates the surface defects thus suppresses the interfacial charge recombination. As a result, the champion PSC based on optimal 2D/3D heterojunction exhibits a high fill factor of 85% and a power conversion efficiency of 24%. The work offers a novel perspective for the construction of 2D/3D perovskite heterojunctions.
Within‐family genomic selection in strawberry: Optimization of marker density, trial design, and training set composition
Authors: Sleper Joshua , Tapia Ronald , Lee Seonghee , Whitaker Vance
Published: January 2025

Genomic selection is a widely used quantitative method of determining the genetic value of an individual from genomic information and phenotypic data. In this study, we used a large, multi‐year training population of 3248 individuals from the University of Florida strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne) breeding program. We coupled this training population with a test population of 1460 individuals derived from 20 biparental families. Using these two populations, we tested different genomic selection methods of predicting each family separately for the purpose of within‐family selection of seedlings for multiple yield‐related traits in strawberry. The methodology we considered were comprised of 11 different marker densities, 10 different training set sizes, four different training set composition techniques, and one to five clonal replications for each individual in the training population. We demonstrated that prediction accuracy varied among the 20 biparental families from 0.05 to 0.63 for the three traits investigated. We also showed that a medium‐density genotyping strategy (1500–1650 single nucleotide polymorphisms) could be 95%–97% as effective as a high‐density genotyping platform and that imputation to the more dense platform always improved accuracy. Training set composition techniques had no discernible effect on prediction accuracy. However, increasing training set size improved prediction accuracy, and accuracy did not plateau even when training sets exceeded 3000 individuals. Finally, we showed that the number of clonal replicates in field trials could be reduced by 80% without any negative effects on genomic selection accuracy.
The Relationship of Th1/Th2 Cytokine Polarization at Parturition in Cows and SOCS3 Level With Some Postpartum Diseases
Authors: Yilmaz Koc Oznur , Risvanli Ali
Published: January 2025

Th1/Th2 polarisation and suppressor of cytokine signalling‐3 (SOCS3) are important indicators of the humoral and cellular immune system activity in cows. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation of postpartum diseases with the levels of Th1/Th2 polarisation and SOCS3 at the time of parturition. The study examined 180 cows (90 with normal parturition [NP] and 90 with dystocia [D]). Blood samples were taken from the cows once at the time of calving. Two subgroups were created among cows with NP: those without the postpartum disease (NP [−], n = 45) and those with postpartum disease (NP [+], n = 45). Likewise, two subgroups were created among D cows: those without postpartum disease (D [−], n = 45) and those with postpartum disease (D [+], n = 45). Cytokine analyses were performed using species‐specific commercial ELISA kits. In the NP (−) group, it was found that Th1/Th2 cytokine polarisation was in the Th1 direction due to the increase in the concentration of IFN‐γ, TNF‐α and IL‐2 in four subgroups grouping with different types of parturition and diseases. It was concluded that it would be appropriate to strengthen cellular immunity. In cases of postpartum diseases, Th1/Th2 polarisation shifted towards Th2 due to the increase in IL‐4 and IL‐5 concentrations in cows that performed NP and developed mastitis in the postpartum period. These results suggest that it would be beneficial to support the Th2 aspect (i.e. humoral immunity) in cows that have undergone NP and develop mastitis in the postpartum period.
Molecular Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Orf Virus From Dermatological Lesions in the Teats of Goats
Authors: Yıldırım Yakup , Bilge Dağalp Seval , Bozkurt Gökhan , Doğan Fırat , Küçük Ali
Published: January 2025

Background

The orf virus (ORFV) is a viral pathogen that primarily causes contagious ecthyma in humans and different ruminants. The infection, which is common worldwide, causes large‐scale economic losses to animal breeders.

Objective and Methods

In this study, tissue samples collected from eight randomly selected goats with dermatological lesions on the teats were examined in different goat herds. B2L gene‐specific primer pairs (PP1, PP3 and PP4) were used to reveal the presence of ORFV by molecular methods and for phylogenetic analysis.

Results

Viral DNA was detected in four of eight tissues using the semi‐nested PCR method. In addition, the data obtained by performing sequence analyses of the amplicons with positive results were compared with the information of different ORFV isolates registered in the GenBank database. Based on the sequence analysis of the field isolates obtained in our study, it was found that the nucleotide similarities among these isolates and those from Asian countries were 100%. Furthermore, ORFV isolates collected from different species and produced in Türkiye over various periods exhibited homologous nucleotide sequences with similarities ranging from 98.1% to 98.8%. In the phylogenetic tree drawn based on the B2L genomic region, it was observed that our field isolates were classified in Group I together with other Turkish and Asian strains.

Conclusion

As a result, while other pathogenic agents are considered the cause of disease in goats with dermatological lesions on their mammary tissue, the ORFV should also be evaluated, and protection and control programs should be prepared accordingly.
Comparative Study of Duodenal Histology in Three Lamb Breeds Fed Two Different Rations
Authors: Delice Nurcan , Ertugrul Tugrul , Tutuncu Serife , Ugurlu Mustafa , Uysal Akif
Published: January 2025

Background

Ration composition may significantly impact the nutrient absorption, duodenal parameters, intestinal health and feed efficiency of animals.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to analyse the impact of concentrate‐ and forage‐based diets on essential morphological parameters of the duodenum, including villus height, villus width, crypt depth and goblet cell density, in three different lamb breeds.

Methods

Forty‐five lambs, aged between 2.5 and 3 months and with an average weight of around 20 kg, were selected. The lambs were fattened on two different diets consisting of pelleted concentrate and alfalfa hay in predetermined ratios: 70% concentrate + 30% forage and 70% forage + 30% concentrate. When the lambs reached 40 kg, they were slaughtered, and duodenum tissue samples were collected for analysis.

Results

Histological characteristics were assessed by evaluating duodenal tissues from lambs of three breeds—Akkaraman, Karayaka and Herik—across the two dietary groups within each breed, and the essential parameters of the villus were measured. Akkaraman lambs exhibited lower goblet cell count and villus height (VH) as compared to Karayaka and Herik lambs. Goblet cell count and VH were higher in concentrate‐fed lambs, except for Karayaka lambs. However, goblet cell density was similar across Akkaraman, Karayaka and Herik lambs. Herik lambs had higher VH, villus width (VW) and villus surface area as compared to Akkaraman and Karayaka. Villus parameters were generally lower in concentrate‐fed lambs, except for Herik lambs.

Conclusion

Overall, the study suggests that altering the roughage‐concentrate ratio did not significantly affect duodenal mucosa parameters. However, differences were observed across genotypes, particularly in Herik lambs, indicating potential associations between duodenal parameters and genotype.
Effects of Elizabethan Collar and Wound Protection Corset on Pain and Discomfort Levels in Cats Undergoing Ovariohysterectomy
Authors: Isil Ayhan , Yanmaz Latif Emrah
Published: January 2025

Objective

To compare the impacts of Elizabethan collar (EC) and wound protection corset (WPC) on pain and discomfort levels in cats following ovariohysterectomy.

Study Design

Prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial.

Animals

Twenty‐six healthy female cats.

Methods

Animals were randomly assigned to two groups after midline celiotomy: One group wore an EC (n = 13), and the other wore a WPC (n = 13). Pain was evaluated using the Composite Measure Pain Scale‐Feline (CMPS‐F) and the Multidimensional Pain Scale (MCPS) at intervals of 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, with the requirement for rescue analgesia recorded. Discomfort was assessed through cortisol levels, behavioural observations and the frequency of misbehaviours.

Results

No significant differences were observed between groups at all time intervals for CMPS‐F and MCPS (p < 0.05). Rescue analgesic administration was similar between the groups, with 16 administrations in the WPC group and 17 in the EC group (p = 0.88). Cortisol levels also showed no significant difference between groups (WPC: 0.05 [0.05–0.3] vs. EC: 0.05 [0.05–0.8]; p = 0.09). Behavioural observations revealed significant differences in misbehaviours, with 10 out of 13 cats in the EC group attempting to remove their collars or exhibiting head shaking (p < 0.01), whereas no misbehaviours were noted in the WPC group.

Conclusion

Both EC and WPC provided comparable pain management; however, the significant misbehaviours associated with EC use suggest increased discomfort level.

Clinical Significance

The WPC may offer a more comfortable recovery experience for cats following ovariohysterectomy, warranting further investigation.
Global Prevalence of Neospora caninum in Domestic Pigs (Sus domesticus) and Wild Boars (Sus scrofa): A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Karamati Seyed Ahmad , Effatpanah Hosein , Khodayari Mohammad Taghi , Shiee Mohammad Reza , Davari Afshin , Faraji Reza , Angazbany Fereshteh , Bozorgomid Arezoo
Published: January 2025

Background

Neospora caninum (Apicomplexa, Sarcocystidae) is a protozoan parasite regarded as a major cause of reproductive failure in cattle. Swine are susceptible to N. caninum infection; however, the role of these animals in the circulation, maintenance, and transmission of N. caninum remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the global seroprevalence of N. caninum in domestic pigs (Sus domesticus) and wild boars (Sus scrofa).

Methods

Online databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were systematically searched to identify relevant studies up to 30 April 2024. A random‐effects meta‐analysis model was used to estimate the overall and subgroup‐pooled prevalence of N. caninum across studies. The Cochrane test (Q) and the I2 index were employed to heterogeneity. Funnel plots and Egger's regression test were used to evaluate publication bias, year of publication, and sample size.

Results

A total of 11,124 animals from 26 eligible studies were included. The pooled seroprevalence of N. caninum in swine was 17% (95% CI: 7%–26%) with a prevalence of 17% in domestic pigs and 16% in wild boars. In the subgroup analysis, the highest prevalence was observed among female animals, with a pooled seroprevalence of 17% (95% CI: 7%–26%). The pooled seroprevalence of N. caninum was nearly equal in adult and sub‐adult swine (18% and 14%, respectively). The overall seroprevalence of N. caninum in swine, based on sample size and year of publication, showed no statistically significant correlations.

Conclusion

The present study showed that domestic swine are suitable intermediate hosts of N. caninum based on serological findings. However, further studies are needed to describe the epidemiology of the N. caninum and to isolate the parasite from swine to confirm this hypothesis.