bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of influencing factors of serum total protein and serum calcium content in plasma donors
Authors: Liu Bin , Dong Demei , Wang Zongkui , Gao Yang , Yu Ding , Ye Shengliang , Du Xi , Ma Li , Cao Haijun , Liu Fengjuan , Zhang Rong , Li Changqing
Published: December 2022

Background and objectives

The adverse effects of plasma donation on the body has lowered the odds of donation. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of abnormal serum calcium and total serum protein related to plasma donation, identify the influencing factors, and come up with suggestions to make plasma donation safer.

Methods

Donors from 10 plasmapheresis centers in five provinces of China participated in this study. Serum samples were collected before donation. Serum calcium was measured by arsenazo III colorimetry, and the biuret method was used for total serum protein assay. An automatic biochemical analyzer was used to conduct serum calcium and total serum protein tests.

Results

The mean serum calcium was 2.3 ± 0.15 mmol/L and total serum protein was 67.75 ± 6.02 g/L. The proportions of plasma donors whose serum calcium and total serum protein were lower than normal were 20.55% (815/3,966) and 27.99% (1,111/3,969), respectively. There were significant differences in mean serum calcium and total serum protein of plasma donors with different plasma donation frequencies, gender, age, regions, and body mass index (BMI), (all p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that donation frequencies, age, BMI and regions were significantly associated with a higher risk of low serum calcium level, and donation frequencies, gender, age and regions were significant determinants factors of odds of abnormal total serum protein.

Conclusions

Donation frequencies, gender, age, regions, and BMI showed different effects on serum calcium and total serum protein. More attention should be paid to the age, donation frequency and region of plasma donors to reduce the probability of low serum calcium and low total serum protein.
The Two Sides of the Coin of Youth Unemployment: Government and the Unemployed Individual
Authors: Asumadu George , Ofori Daniel , Adomako Sandra , Sefa Emmanuel Owusu
Published: December 2022

Youth unemployment has been a challenge for many governments in developing economies including Ghana. This study examines one of the challenges in economic and social settings: the potential loss of revenue to the government due to youth unemployment. Using data from 2000 to 2020, the study explores a simple regression model to determine the correlation between the youth unemployment and the unemployment rate. The study also examined a Discounted Cash Flow Analysis to estimate the potential fiscal capacity loss to the state through youth unemployment within a ten-year range. This study concludes that youth unemployment is a loss of potential revenue receipts to the state, which is a loss of fiscal capacity for governments in developing economies. This phenomenon decelerates economic growth in developing economies. The study recommends that the government should partner with the private sector to curb unemployed youth cankers. Despite its defied solution and planned developments over the past two decades, Ghana is still struggling to permanently nab youth unemployment.
Analysis of Value Added Products of Tenggiri Fish Dried Batagor at PT Hade Bogatama Nusantara, Bandung City, Indonesia
Authors: Junianto . , Maula M. Fachry , Palsa Alifia Ajmala , Sonia Mia , Nurezka Kartika , Normalisa Wike , Rambing Ezekiel Danovic
Published: December 2022

Batagor is a typical food from ​​Bandung, West Java - Indonesia. This research aims to 1) analyze the added value of mackerel fillets processed into dry batagor and 2) analyze the marketing of dried batagor by PT Hade Bogatama Nusantara which includes market segmentation, pricing, competitor identification, and promotion. The research method used is a case study. Data collection consists of primary data and secondary data. Primary data was collected using survey methods and direct interviews with the owner of PT Hade Bogatama Nusantara. The interview technique used, namely unstructured interviews, where the interviewer does not ask questions that have been arranged systematically. Meanwhile, secondary data was obtained from several supporting pieces of literature, such as journals and books. Added value analysis was carried out based on the Hayami method and marketing analysis was carried out descriptively. Based on the Hayami method, the added value of mackerel fillets processed into dry batagor products is Rp. 114.698,19 per kg. The value-added ratio is 59, 74 percent. This dry batagor market segmentation is based on static methods on demographic and geographical groups with the main target being housewives and teenagers. Identifying competitors from the dry batagor product of PT Hade Bogatama Nusantara is very large, rival and substitute competitors. The competition that occurs is based on cost advantage competition and product differentiation. Pricing is based on cost plus pricing. Promotion through online media, namely Instagram, Tiktok, and Facebook.
Evaluation of the Acute Toxicity of Aqueous Extracts from Two Species of Corchorus Genus: Corchorus aestuans L. and Corchorus olitorius L. (Malvaceae)
Authors: Honoré Ta Bi Irié , Delphine Monyn Ebalah , Stéphane Doh Koffi , Koffi N'guessan
Published: December 2022

Aims: Corchorus aestuans and Corchorus olitorius are two species of the genus commonly mentioned in Côte d'Ivoire as medicinal plants whose leaves decoctions are used to treat various diseases. To avoid cases of intoxication in traditional treatments, this study evaluates the acute toxicity of these plant species by having mice gorge on increasing doses of crude aqueous extract.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the Pharmacognosy Laboratory of Félix HOUPHOUËT-BOIGNY University (Côte d'Ivoire), between march 2016 and september 2016.

Methodology: To assess the acute toxicity of the two extracts, we used 110 mice of SWISS breed. These animals aged four to six weeks were of both sexes (55 mice for each sex) and weighed between 13 and 26 g. Before the manipulations, the animals were fasted 12 hours before being divided into 11 batches of 10 mice receiving extract 1 (Corchorus aestuans) and extract 2 (Corchorus olitorius). We observed the effets of each phytomedecine on mice in different batches.

Results: Aqueous extracts of Corchorus aestuans and Corchorus olitorius (Malvaceae), administered orally, exert a dose-response effect. Concerning toxicity activities, Corchorus olitorius is not toxic. However, Corchorus aestuans is slightly toxic in the conditions of this study. The dose which kills half of the animals (LD 50 ) is 3999.93 mg/kg by oral voice (vo).  This dose is the threshold of toxicity of the plant in the conditions of this study. Fortunately, this toxicity threshold is not accessible in therapy. The phytomedicine, in the conditions of use in traditional medicine in Côte d'Ivoire, is not toxic.

Conclusion: The two plant species thus offer an interesting margin of safety, which is reassuring as to the use of the decoction, for the treatment of various pathologies.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Publications on Drinking Water Research in India
Authors: Maraddi Krishna S. , Ho Yuh-Shan
Published: December 2022

Every creature on this planet needs water to survive and water is one of the most significant natural resources. A moderate attempt has been made in this study to understand the research trends in drinking water in India during the period of 1990 – 2019, based on Science Citation Index Expanded the Web of Science Core Collection by Clarivate Analysis. A total 74,277 documents were found, of which ‎68,029 research articles, in that 2903 articles were drinking water publications relating to India. The results indicated that the annual number of research articles have increased from about eight articles in early years 1990 to 269 articles in the latest year 2019. Also out of 2903 drinking water articles 2306 (79%) were country independent articles and 597 (21%) articles were internationally collaborative articles with 104 countries. The researchers used top three Web of Science categories ‘environmental sciences’, ‘water resources’ and ‘toxicology’. The study found that the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment was the most productive journal and Indian Institutes of Technology was the most productive institution among top ten most productive institutions in India.
Clinical Changes in Eye due to Covid - 19 Pandemic: A Review
Authors: Kumari Ragni , Das Prasenjit , Afros Simi , Ali Jamshed , Akhtar Ramlah , Sharma Menka , Trivedi Rajeev , Gupta Sunil Kumar , Khan Tausif Raza
Published: December 2022

COVID-19 is a coronavirus disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 subtype. Coronaviruses have attracted global attention due to the emergence of severe respiratory syndrome infections such as SARS and MERS in 2003. They were triggered by the introduction of the coronavirus in humans.  The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is a reminder of the evolution of organisms. For SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, the two viruses have the same angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The human-to-human transfer of SARS-CoCoV-2 occurs through respiratory droplets and contact with the mucous membranes. Eye protection is often required to prevent the spread of SARS-CoBV-2. Human-to-person transmission of SARS-coV-2 occurs through respiratory droplets and contact with the body's mucous membranes. Eyewitnesses have raised concerns that the disease could be transmitted through the ocular surface. Several patients with COVID-19 exhibited ocular abnormalities. Several studies have shown that patients with COVID-19 exhibited ocular anomalies. Further studies suggest that this infection may have a relationship with SARSCoV-2 infection.  SARS-CoV-2 is a respiratory illness that has caused thousands of fatalities globally. It has been named COVID-19 Cases of pneumonia were reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The infections were caused by the SARS virus.
Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Autologous Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells in Treatment of Keloids
Authors: Fouda Aya Ashraf , EL-Naby Naeim Mohamed Abd , Saad Mohamed Atteya , Shoukr Tarek Gamal , Amin Tarek Al-Sayed
Published: December 2022

Background: The formation of keloids is accompanied by undesirable aesthetic and psychological impacts. Different therapeutic techniques, including local injection, occlusive dressings, surgical excision, and lasers have been examined for keloids. This work objects to evaluate the efficacy and the safety of autologous adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in keloids treatment.

Methods: This prospective clinical research involved 15 subjects with keloids who were injected with autologous ADSCs three sessions at monthly intervals. Follow up was done for 3 months after treatment and evaluation was done for improvement in Vancouver scar score, patient's opinion and physician's opinion.

Results: In the studied patients, 8 patients (53.3%) showed good improvement (25 – 49%), 7 patients (46.7%) showed very good improvement (50 – 74%) and none of the patients (0%) showed excellent improvement. Side effects were mild and tolerable and included pain during injection and abdominal discomfort for few days after lipoaspiration.

Conclusions: Adipose-derived stem cells are effective, safe and are of more value in improving consistency and vascularity of keloids.
A Commentary on Consumers' Perspectives on IMBOOST Herbal Mixture in the Ghanaian Market
Authors: Obu Raphael Nyarkotey , Aggrey-Bluwey Lawrencia , Somanadhapai Sangeeth , Nugbemado Isaac Newton
Published: December 2022

Objective: The herbal market in Ghana is flooded with many products approved by the Food and Drugs Authority (FDA). Most of these products appeared during the COVID-19 Pandemic and have gained public confidence and acceptance, marketed as immune boosters. One notable and highly marketed herbal mixture approved as an immune booster by the FDA is the well-known IMBOOST Herbal Mixture.

Aim: This paper examines anecdotal evidence of IMBOOST Herbal Mixture formulated as an immune booster in Ghana.

Methods: In this paper, as researchers, promoters, and advocates of traditional, Complementary, and Alternative Medicine in Africa, we chanced on much anecdotal evidence from the public on the effects of IMBOOST Herbal Mixture on their health.

Hence, we employed a qualitative hearsay case study. Twenty hearsay videos, audio, and Facebook post were assessed; however, 11 were used for the narratives.  We were purposive in our data collection process. Inclusion criteria were hearsay evidence that explained medical conditions treated. Exclusion criteria were hearsay evidence that had no relation to medical conditions but only praised the manufacturer. The source of evidence was one distributor of the product who had the videos, audio, and Facebook post of the clients from 2020 to date.

Results: Our result is a shred of hearsay evidence. We believe that hearsay evidence, though, not a standard scientific method, cannot be overlooked in the field of Traditional, Complementary, and Alternative Medicine.

Conclusion: In this paper, we present a commentary on hearsay evidence of IMBOOST Herbal Mixture as an immune booster in Ghana.
Design and Development of a Petrol-Powered Hammer Mill Machine
Authors: Olowonubi J. A. , Adejugbe I. T. , Fatounde S. A. , Aigbovbiosa J. O. , Oyegunwa O. A. , Komolafe O. , Ogunkoya A. K.
Published: December 2022

A conventional hammer mill is a device consisting of a rotating head with free- swinging hammers, which reduce rock, grains or similarly hard objects to a predetermined size through a perforated screen. Hammer mills can be used for grinding laterite sand in its not-so-fine form into a finer/smaller form for sand production for the building/housing sector. This project is focused on the design, development, and testing of a hammer mill that has a small scale production capability for usage by small and medium scale (SME’s). The grinding process is achieved by the use of a hammer in beating the material fed into fine particles; the fineness aimed depends on the detachable screen with aperture sizes ranging from 87µm to 2 mm. The conceptual design was based on the principle of design by analysis. The methodology adopted was to examine the most critical defects of conventional hammer mills and provide solutions. The major components of the new hammer mill are Inlet tray, Throat, Magnetic chamber, Rotor, Crushing chamber, Hammer mill body, Hammers/Beaters, Screen, Bearings, Discharge, Table or stand, Mechanical drive, Pulleys, The simple aim of this paper is to develop a hammer mill machine that will enhance the efficient grinding operation of laterite rock into a sandy profile to be used in the construction/housing sector. This paper presents the design of an efficient hammer mill machine that was developed with locally sourced materials with ease of maintenance amongst other advantages. The machine is driven by an electric motor of 7.5kW at a speed of 1440rpm and with the appropriate pulley ratio, the machine operated at a speed of 4320RPM with an operating rate of 250kg/hour. Several fabrication techniques such as welding, machining, etc. are adopted for the fabrication of the machine. Dry rocky laterite sample was tested with the machine for operational effectiveness and the result shows that the machine has a grinding capacity of 250kg/hr and grinding efficiency 0f 98.2%. The fabricated laterite grinding machine performed well with high sieving efficiency, reliability, durability with an estimated cost of 965,000.00 Nigerian Naira.

The study was carried out in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. A performance evaluation was carried out on the machine and the grinding efficiency of 94.4% was achieved.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

Meeting notes for 8 January 1906.
Notice of a Hoard of Bronze Implements recently found in Lewis
Authors: Anderson Joseph
Published: December 2022

The hoard was found in a peat moss. Two pieces of very thin bronze, greatly decayed, may indicate that the objects were contained in a bowl or vessel of thin beaten bronze of considerable capacity. One piece is part of the lip, and the other shows the turning in of the bottom of a vessel that may have been large enough for the purpose. The hoard consisted of two socketed axes of different sizes, a socketed gouge, a spearhead with rivet-holes in the socket, a tanged chisel with stopridge\r\nand expanding curvilinear cutting edge; a socketed hammer, three thin oval tanged blades of the variety now generally described as razors'”all of bronze; a doubly conical bead of thin beaten gold, and two beads of amber and one of greenish\r\nglass with faint white spots. There were also two whetstones, or polishing stones, one of fine sharp sandstone and the other of a hard, close-grained, dark-coloured micaceous claystone with planed edges and its broad face polished by use. All the items are described in detail and illustrated.
Characteristics of Hospitals Eligible for Rural Emergency Hospital Designation
Authors: Chatterjee Paula , Klebanoff Matthew J. , Huang Qian , Navathe Amol S.
Published: December 2022

This cross-sectional study compares the characteristics, finances, services, and challenges at hospitals that are eligible vs not eligible to become rural emergency hospitals.
Whole-Exome Sequencing Among Chinese Patients With Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer
Authors: Liu Ze-Xian , Zhang Xiao-Long , Zhao Qi , Chen Yungchang , Sheng Hui , He Cai-Yun , Sun Yu-Ting , Lai Ming-Yu , Wu Min-Qing , Zuo Zhi-Xiang , Wang Wei , Zhou Zhi-Wei , Wang Feng-Hua , Li Yu-Hong , Xu Rui-Hua , Qiu Miao-Zhen
Published: December 2022

Importance

The E-cadherin gene, CDH1, and the α-E-catenin gene, CTNNA1, were previously identified as hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) susceptibility genes, explaining 25% to 50% of HDGC cases. The genetic basis underlying disease susceptibility in the remaining 50% to 75% of patients with HDGC is still unknown.

Objective

To assess the incidence rate of CDH1 germline alterations in HDGC, identify new susceptibility genes that can be used for screening of HDGC, and provide a genetic landscape for HDGC.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study conducted retrospective whole-exome and targeted sequencing of 284 leukocyte samples and 186 paired tumor samples from Chinese patients with HDGC over a long follow-up period (median, 21.7 [range, 0.6-185.9] months). Among 10 431 patients diagnosed with gastric cancer between January 1, 2002, and August 31, 2018, 284 patients who met the criteria for HDGC were included. Data were analyzed from August 1 to 30, 2020.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Incidence rate of CDH1 germline alterations, identification of new HDGC susceptibility genes, and genetic landscape of HDGC.

Results

Among 284 Chinese patients, 161 (56.7%) were female, and the median age was 35 (range, 20-75) years. The frequency of CDH1 germline alterations was 2.8%, whereas the frequency of CDH1 somatic alterations was 25.3%. The genes with the highest incidence (>10%) of private germline alterations (including insertions and deletions) in the HDGC cohort were MUC4, ABCA13, ZNF469, FCGBP, IGFN1, RNF213, and SSPO, whereas previously reported germline alterations of CTNNA1, BRCA2, STK11, PRSS1, ATM, MSR1, PALB2, BRCA1, and RAD51C were observed at low frequencies (median, 4 [range, 1-12] cases). Furthermore, enrichment of the somatic variant signature of exposure to aflatoxin suggested potential interaction between genetics and environment in HDGC. Double-hit events in genes such as CACNA1D were observed, which suggested that these events might serve as important mechanisms for HDGC tumorigenesis. In addition, germline variants of FSIP2, HSPG2, and NCKAP5 and somatic alterations of FGFR3, ASPSCR1, CIC, DGCR8, and LZTR1 were associated with poor overall survival among patients with HDGC.

Conclusions and Relevance

This study provided a genetic landscape for HDGC. The study’s findings challenged the previously reported high germline alteration rate of CDH1 in HDGC and identified new potential susceptibility genes. Analyses of variant signatures and double-hit events revealed potentially important mechanisms for HDGC tumorigenesis. Findings from the present study may provide helpful information for further investigations of HDGC.
Comparison of Mitochondrial Adenosine Triphosphate–Sensitive Potassium Channel High- vs Low-Affinity Sulfonylureas and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Metformin
Authors: Wang Meng-Ting , Pan Hsueh-Yi , Huang Ya-Ling , Wu Li-Wei , Wang Pin-Chun , Hsu Yu-Juei , Lin Tzu-Chieh , Lin ChenWei , Lai Jyun-Heng , Lee Chien-Hsing
Published: December 2022

Importance

Sulfonylureas are frequently used as add-on to metformin in type 2 diabetes (T2D), and individual sulfonylurea agents carry different risks of cardiovascular disease. Sulfonylureas’ different affinities to cardiac mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate–sensitive potassium (mitoKATP) channels have been speculated to account for the intraclass difference in cardiovascular risk from in vitro and ex vivo studies; however, this hypothesis has not been assessed in a general population with diabetes receiving sulfonylureas added to metformin.

Objective

To compare the risk of myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke, or cardiovascular death in patients with T2D treated with mitoKATP channel high-affinity sulfonylureas and low-affinity sulfonylureas as add-on to metformin.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This is a new-user, active-comparator, and propensity score–matched cohort study with analysis of the Taiwanese Diabetes Mellitus Health Database from 2006, to 2017. Data analysis was performed from August 2020 to July 2021.

Exposures

Cardiac mitoKATP channel high-affinity (glyburide and glipizide) and low-affinity (gliclazide and glimepiride) sulfonylureas combined with metformin.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), a composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for either MI or ischemic stroke. Secondary outcomes included individual MACE components, heart failure, arrhythmia, all-cause mortality, and severe hypoglycemia. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs).

Results

Each sulfonylurea group comprised 53 714 patients (mean [SD] age, 54.7 [12.1] years; 31 962 men [59.5%]). MitoKATP channel high-affinity sulfonylureas vs low-affinity sulfonylureas when combined with metformin were associated with an increased risk of MACE (aHR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.03-1.34), MI (aHR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.04-1.73), all-cause mortality (aHR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.03-1.57), and severe hypoglycemia (aHR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.58-2.10), but not with increased risks of ischemic stroke, cardiovascular death, arrhythmia, and heart failure. The duration analyses revealed the highest MACE risk during 1 to 90 days after initiation of mitoKATP channel high-affinity sulfonylureas (aHR, 6.06; 95% CI, 4.86-7.55).

Conclusions and Relevance

Use of mitoKATP channel high-affinity sulfonylureas vs low-affinity sulfonylureas was associated with an increased MACE risk in patients with T2D concomitantly receiving metformin, suggesting that high-affinity blockage of the mitoKATP channels could account for sulfonylurea-associated MACEs.
The TRAPP complexes: discriminating GTPases in context
Authors: Bagde Saket R. , Fromme J. Christopher
Published: December 2022

Correct localization of Rab GTPases in cells is critical for proper function in membrane trafficking. Guanine‐nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) act as the primary determinants of Rab localization by activating and stabilizing their Rab substrates on specific organelle and vesicle membranes. The TRAPP complexes TRAPPII and TRAPPIII are two related GEFs that use the same catalytic site to activate distinct Rabs, Rab11 and Rab1, respectively. The Rab C‐terminal hypervariable domain (HVD) is an important specificity determinant for the budding yeast TRAPP complexes, with the length of the HVD playing a critical role in counter‐selection. Several recent studies have used cryo‐EM to illuminate how the yeast and metazoan TRAPP complexes identify and activate their substrates. This review summarizes recently characterized Rab substrate selection mechanisms and highlights how the membrane surface provides critical context for the GEF‐GTPase interactions.
Nanoagonist‐Mediated GSDME‐Dependent Pyroptosis Remodels the Inflammatory Microenvironment for Tumor Photoimmunotherapy
Authors: Zheng Lulu , Fan Yan , Wang Xiang , Yang Zhijin , Zhang Yule , Liu Tingting , Chen Mengya , Kang Shifei , Guo Shiwei , Shi Zheng , Wang Yuwen , Zheng Kejie , Cai Shuqi , Dai Bo , Zhuang Songlin , Li Yuhao , Zhang Dawei
Published: December 2022

Immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) antibody immunotherapy, has revolutionized the treatment ways of cancers and provided remarkable clinical benefits for multiple cancers. However, the efficacy of immunotherapy in tumors with an immune‐excluded or immune‐suppressed phenotype is dismal due to the lack or paucity of immune infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. Herein, an emerging photoimmunotherapy based on remodeling the inflammatory microenvironment is reported, ascribed to nanoagonist‐mediated gasdermin E (GSDME)‐dependent pyroptosis and providing positive feedback to activate anti‐PD‐1 immunotherapy. An iridium‐based photosensitizer (IrP) carrying methyltransferase inhibitor RG108 (R@IrP) lead to rapid cell pyroptosis via the caspase‐3/GSDME pathway under the light activation. Furthermore, light‐elicited pyroptosis synergized with anti‐PD‐1 to induce anti‐tumor photoimmunotherapy. The pro‐inflammatory factors released by pyroptotic cells remodel the inflammatory microenvironment and recruit immune cells to kill tumor cells, resulting in CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes activation, PD‐1 expression enhancement, and dendritic cell slightly maturation. Collectively, these findings present a synergistic strategy of photoimmunotherapy, that is, turning immunological cold tumors into hot tumors that can respond to anti‐PD‐1‐based immunotherapy via precise pathway regulation.
Geometric and Electronic Structure‐Matched Superoxide Dismutase‐Like and Catalase‐Like Sequential Single‐Atom Nanozymes for Osteoarthritis Recession
Authors: Zhong Jingping , Yang Xin , Gao Shangzhi , Luo Ji , Xiang Jianhui , Li Guanhua , Liang Yanling , Tang Lijuan , Qian Cheng , Zhou Jing , Zheng Li , Zhang Kun , Zhao Jinmin
Published: December 2022

Highly‐active single‐atom nanoenzymes (SAzymes) with biomimetic geometric and electronic coordination structures are highly highlighted to exhibit greatly‐increased catalysis activity. Despite various SAzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD)‐like SAzymes for scavenging superoxide anions to treat osteoarthritis are still absent. In this report, a graphene‐supported ClCuN4‐centered SAzyme (CuN4ClG) is engineered that carries out SOD‐like reactions. Various synchrotron radiation‐based X‐ray valence/structural analyses reveal that the geometric and electronic structures of such ClCuN4 active centers are validated to atomically match natural SOD enzyme after precisely manipulating coordinated N and Cl atoms via the unprecedented pre‐coordination orientation and preservation of copper‐phthalocyanine structure. Cu‐N4ClG SAzymes are endowed with unparalleled catalytic activities and kinetics to degrade O2•¯ into H2O2 and O2, and further exhibit catalase (CAT)‐like activity to sequentially decompose H2O2 and •OH into H2O and O2, wherein the origin of sequential SOD‐like and CAT‐like catalysis routes is uncovered. Impressively, nitroxide radical scavenging and photothermally‐enhanced catalytic activity are reached, synergistically protecting chondrocytes from oxidative stress‐induced apoptosis and alleviating osteoarthritis via re‐programming or normalizing osteoarthritis microenvironments. Cu‐N4ClG SAzymes are competent for other reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐arised lesions, and their rationales provide guidance to design other SAzymes.
Anti‐CO Poisoning FePtRh Nanoflowers with Rh‐Rich Core and Fe‐Rich Shell Boost Methanol Oxidation Electrocatalysis
Authors: Liu Hu , Jia Rongrong , Qin Chuanjian , Yang Qin , Tang Zuobin , Li Menggang , Ma Zhenhui
Published: December 2022

Introducing oxophilic metals into Pt‐based alloy catalysts can effectively alleviate the poisoning by CO intermediates (CO*) during methanol oxidation reactions (MOR). However, excessive oxophilic metals on the surface of catalysts tend to form thermodynamically stable carbonyl compound‐like structures, occupying electrocatalytically active sites, which is not conducive to the enhancement of catalytic activity. Herein, a kind of surface segregated FePtRh nanoflowers for effectively eliminating the CO* poisoning during MOR electrocatalysis is presented. The FePtRh nanoflowers are constituted by the Rh‐rich core and Fe‐rich shell. The optimized Fe21Pt66Rh13/C shows a high mass activity of 3.90 A mgPt−1 and a specific activity of 4.85 mA cm−2. It is confirmed that the electron transfer from Pt to Rh or Fe atoms is beneficial for the higher anti‐CO poisoning ability, which mainly originate from the alloying of Rh atoms and surface‐segregated structures. Density functional theory calculations reveal the decreased electrons adsorbed by CO* on both Pt–Pt bridge sites and top sites weakens the strong adsorption energy between Pt atoms and CO* intermediates. The optimal nanoflowers also show excellent performance toward ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) with a high mass activity of 2.76 A mgPt−1 and the enhanced anti‐CO poisoning ability, as well as the improved stability.
A Novel Signal‐On Electrochemiluminescence Immunosensor for the Detection of NSCLC Antigen Biomarker Based on New Co‐Reaction Accelerators
Authors: Guo Lei , Mu Zhaode , Qing Min , Zhou Jing , Li Huizhen , Wang Lulu , Zhong Muyue , Bai Lijuan
Published: December 2022

Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer with substantial morbidity and mortality. Herein, a new signal‐on electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor based on multiple amplification strategies is constructed for ultrasensitive detection of cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21‐1 (CYFRA21‐1) biomarker related to NSCLC. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) functionalized MXene is decorated with NiMn layer double hydroxide (NiMn LDH) to form MXene‐PEI‐NiMn LDH composite. Specially, the La‐MOF@ZIF‐67 bimetallic organic framework (named as LZBM) and MXene‐PEI‐NiMn LDH both served as coreaction accelerators to improve the ECL emission of the luminol‐H2O2 system. To be specific, Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) coated MXene‐PEI‐NiMn LDH is applied to immobilize primary CYFRA21‐1 antibody (Ab1), while AuNPs decorated LZBM was used for the loading of luminol and secondary CYFRA21‐1 antibody (Ab2) to form tracer label. Therefore, the ECL signal of the sandwich‐type immunosensor is significantly enhanced due to the high loading capability for luminol and the synergistic catalytic ability for the decomposition of H2O2 into reactive oxygen species (ROS). Under the optimal experimental conditions, the ECL immunosensor exhibited good analytical performances for CYFRA21‐1 detection with a wide linear range (100 fg mL−1−100 ng mL−1) and a low limit of detection (85.20 fg mL−1), providing a promising method for early diagnosis of NSCLC.
Reshaping de Novo Protein Switches into Bioresponsive Materials for Biomarker, Toxin, and Viral Detection
Authors: d'Amone Luciana , Matzeu Giusy , Quijano‐Rubio Alfredo , Callahan Gregory P. , Napier Bradley , Baker David , Omenetto Fiorenzo G.
Published: December 2022

De novo designed protein switches are powerful tools to specifically and sensitively detect diverse targets with simple chemiluminescent readouts. Finding an appropriate material host for de novo designed protein switches without altering their thermodynamics while preserving their intrinsic stability over time would enable the development of a variety of sensing formats to monitor exposure to pathogens, toxins, and for disease diagnosis. Here, a de novo protein‐biopolymer hybrid that maintains the detection capabilities induced by the conformational change of the incorporated proteins in response to analytes of interest is generated in multiple, shelf‐stable material formats without the need of refrigerated storage conditions. A set of functional demonstrator devices including personal protective equipment such as masks and laboratory gloves, free‐standing films, air quality monitors, and wearable devices is presented to illustrate the versatility of the approach. Such formats are designed to be responsive to human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2), anti‐hepatitis B (HBV) antibodies, Botulinum neurotoxin B (BoNT/B), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). This combination of form and function offers wide opportunities for ubiquitous sensing in multiple environments by enabling a large class of bio‐responsive interfaces of broad utility.
A Multifunctional “Halide‐Equivalent” Anion Enabling Efficient CsPb(Br/I)3 Nanocrystals Pure‐Red Light‐Emitting Diodes with External Quantum Efficiency Exceeding 23%
Authors: Zhang Jibin , Zhang Tiankai , Ma Zhuangzhuang , Yuan Fanglong , Zhou Xin , Wang Heyong , Liu Zhe , Qing Jian , Chen Hongting , Li Xinjian , Su Shijian , Xie Jianing , Shi Zhifeng , Hou Lintao , Shan Chongxin
Published: December 2022

Pure‐red perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs) based on CsPb(Br/I)3 nanocrystals (NCs) usually suffer from a compromise in emission efficiency and spectral stability on account of the surface halide vacancies‐induced nonradiative recombination loss, halide phase segregation, and self‐doping effect. Herein, a “halide‐equivalent” anion of benzenesulfonate (BS–) is introduced into CsPb(Br/I)3 NCs as multifunctional additive to simultaneously address the above challenging issues. Joint experiment‐theory characterizations reveal that the BS– can not only passivate the uncoordinated Pb2+‐related defects at the surface of NCs, but also increase the formation energy of halide vacancies. Moreover, because of the strong electron‐withdrawing property of sulfonate group, electrons are expected to transfer from the CsPb(Br/I)3 NC to BS– for reducing the self‐doping effect and altering the n‐type behavior of CsPb(Br/I)3 NCs to near ambipolarity. Eventually, synergistic boost in device performance is achieved for pure‐red PeLEDs with CIE coordinates of (0.70, 0.30) and a champion external quantum efficiency of 23.5%, which is one of the best value among the ever‐reported red PeLEDs approaching to the Rec. 2020 red primary color. Moreover, the BS–‐modified PeLED exhibits negligible wavelength shift under different operating voltages. This strategy paves an efficient way for improving the efficiency and stability of pure‐red PeLEDs.
Delayed Light‐Driven Actuations after Light Stopping
Authors: Hou Kai , Wu Jiaxin , Li Xingchao , Zhang Xuesen , Sun Yongqi , Long Yue , Song Kai
Published: December 2022

The manipulation of light actuators benefits from the advantages of the immediacy of light response. However, the immediacy of light response leads to indispensability of light irradiation in the actuating processes. The actuation after light irradiation stops, i.e., a delayed actuation can execute actuation functions, which is free of direct light irradiation. Here are proposed several delayed actuation systems after light irradiation based on intrinsic delay properties of shape memory alloy materials and additional regulation of soft silicone layers. Continuous motions after light stopping have been realized such as linear and rotating motions. Moreover, the delayed actuation relatively separates the irradiation and actuation, where an operational window period is allowed for task execution in light‐preventing scenarios. The delay principle of light actuation overcomes the limitation of immediate response of light manipulation, and is also applicable to more materials and systems.
Large‐Area Wire Grid Polarizer with High Transverse Magnetic Wave Transmittance and Extinction Ratio for Infrared Imaging System
Authors: Wang Chongyu , Chao Yinyin , Liang Jiujiu , Yan Bing , Wang Xiaohao , Ni Kai , Zhou Qian
Published: December 2022

Infrared (IR) wire grid polarizer is the core device of polarization imaging system with exceptional properties. However, the fabrication of high‐quality devices with large area and good uniformity remains challenging. Herein, a new high aspect ratio structure is designed and fabricated, which makes the polarizer have high transverse magnetic (TM) transmittance and extinction ratio in a wide wavelength band. This study also presents some innovations to traditional fabrication processes. These improvements make it easier to fabricate polarizers with good performance as well as large areas. In a very wide wave band (3–15 μm), the extinction ratio is over 32.33 dB. The average TM transmittance of the wire grid layer is 80%, and of the polarizer is 56.57%, which is almost the highest on silicon substrate without antireflection (AR) coating. Meanwhile, the diameter with good uniformity is larger than 30 mm. This method is highly reproducible and can be mass‐produced. The polarizer can cover atmospheric IR windows in both 3–5 and 7–12 μm simultaneously, which is suitable in IR imaging systems for remote sensing and astronomy observation.
Engineered Vasculogenic Extracellular Vesicles Drive Nonviral Direct Conversions of Human Dermal Fibroblasts into Induced Endothelial Cells and Improve Wound Closure
Authors: Rincon‐Benavides Maria A. , Mendonca Natalia Claire , Cuellar‐Gaviria Tatiana Z. , Salazar‐Puerta Ana I. , Ortega‐Pineda Lilibeth , Blackstone Britani N. , Deng Binbin , McComb David W , Gallego‐Perez Daniel , Powell Heather M. , Higuita‐Castro Natalia
Published: December 2022

Vasculogenic cell therapies have emerged as a powerful tool to increase vascularization and promote tissue repair/regeneration. Current approaches to cell therapies, however, rely mostly on progenitor cells, which pose significant risks (e.g., uncontrolled differentiation, tumorigenesis, and genetic/epigenetic abnormalities). Moreover, reprogramming methodologies used to generate induced endothelial cells (iECs) from induced pluripotent stem cells rely heavily on viral vectors, which pose additional translational limitations. This work describes the development of engineered human extracellular vesicles (EVs) capable of driving reprogramming‐based vasculogenic therapies without the need for progenitor cells and/or viral vectors. EVs are derived from primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), and are engineered to pack transcription factor genes/transcripts of ETV2, FLI1, and FOXC2 (EFF). In addition to EFF, the engineered EVs are also loaded with transcripts of angiogenic factors (e.g., VEGF‐A, VEGF‐KDR, FGF2). In vitro and in vivo studies indicate that such EVs effectively transfected HDFs and drive direct conversions towards iECs within 7‐14 days. Finally, wound healing studies in mice indicate that engineered EVs lead to improved wound closure and vascularity. Altogether, these results show the potential of engineered human vasculogenic EVs to drive direct reprogramming processes of somatic cells towards iECs, and facilitate tissue repair/regeneration.
Boosted Output Voltage of BiSbTe‐Based Thermoelectric Generators via Coupled Effect between Thermoelectric Carriers and Triboelectric Charges
Authors: Kim Sun‐Woo , Kim Jin‐Kyeom , Park Ji Young , Mun Jinhong , Jung Sungwoo , Yang Seong Eun , Lee Geunsik , Lee Pooi See , Song Hyun‐Cheol , Yang Changduk , Park Hye Sung , Son Jae Sung , Baik Jeong Min
Published: December 2022

The present work demonstrates the very first approach to enhancing the output voltage of a thermoelectric generator by introducing highly charged polyimide‐based dielectrics. High charge density over 320 µC m−2 in C60‐containing block polyimide (PI‐b‐C60) having excellent charge retention characteristics is obtained through an ion injection process, attached at the cooling part of a thermoelectric generator consisting of Cu/p‐type BiSbTe/Au/Cr/SiO2/Si. This significantly increases the electric potential difference across the thermoelectric generator (TEG) from 4.2 to 8.2 mV at the temperature difference of 20 K, and this increase can be maintained over 1 day. Density functional theory studies support that the enhancement depends on the dielectric constant and the insulating properties of the dielectric. Finally, a TEG consisting of 81 p‐type BiSbTe legs with PI‐b‐C60 generates an output voltage of 0.632 V, and the charged energy of the 10 mF‐capacitor is boosted by 30 s. These results demonstrate the possibility of large‐area TEG fabrication without the need for modification of the TE materials by introducing a new mechanism which is based on the coupling effect between thermoelectric carriers and triboelectric charges.
Solid‐State Redox Mediators for Decoupled H2 Production: Principle and Challenges
Authors: Ma Yuanyuan , Wu Kangxi , Long Teng , Yang Jianping
Published: December 2022

Water splitting driven by renewable energy is considered to be a promising approach for sustainable H2 production. However, the simultaneous generation of H2 and O2 requires the use of a membrane to prevent the gas mixing, which significantly limits the flexibility of H2/O2 separation and H2 transportation, impeding the direct use of renewable sources. In recent years, the concept of decoupled water electrolysis has been proposed along with the utilization of solid‐state redox mediators, by which the H2 and O2 generated at different times and spaces could be separated in absence of membrane. Here, a comprehensive overview of the decoupled water electrolysis using solid‐state redox mediators (SRMs) is presented. After a brief introduction, the SRMs are systematically summarized, including the structural features, the reaction mechanisms, and the properties of decoupled systems. In addition, the coupling of decoupled hydrogen production with other valuable reactions is also involved. Finally, this work discusses the challenges and perspectives for the decoupled water splitting system for commercialization and sustainable H2 production.
The atomic path for constructing single‐helical superstructure of AuCu bimetallic nanoclusters
Authors: Tang Ancheng , Cai Xiao , Liu Yong , Hou Jun , Liu Xu , Chen Mingyang , Zhu Yan
Published: December 2022

Single‐helical or double‐helical structures are common in living organisms. Helical assembly has been found in the artificial nanoparticles, but how they do so remains poorly understood. Here, we exploit atomically precise Au6Cu6 bimetallic nanoparticles (or called nanoclusters) as building blocks to construct a single‐helical Au12Cu12 superstructure in an operative path, thereby providing access to currently elusive mechanistic pathways. We propose that the thermodynamically viable linear‐to‐bent process at a couple of Au6Cu6 nanoclusters imparted by the organic ligands seems to be critical for the helical‐nanostructured arrangement of Au12Cu12. This study could help to offer a new design rule for the exquisitely helical structure assembled from the artificial nanoparticles.
Assessing the benefits of the marine protected area of Punta Coles, southern Peru (south‐east Pacific) on productivity of conspicuous benthic species using pre‐image population analysis
Authors: Tejada Alex , Baldarrago Danny , Pastor Ruslan , Ortiz Marco
Published: December 2022

The coastal marine protected ecosystem at Punta Coles (as a part of the Reserva Nacional de Islas, Islotes y Puntas Guaneras) is located in a highly exploited area in southern Peru and contains several commercial, bioengineering and other benthic species.

Pre‐image population analysis was used to estimate the transient values of intrinsic growth rate (r) based on biomass and density time series as a proxy of productivity to assess the effectiveness of protection.

The outcomes obtained showed that the gastropods Concholepas concholepas, Fissurella latimartiginata and the tunicate Purya chilensis showed a reduction of productivity during recent years, whilst the sea urchin Loxechinus albus, the barnacle Balanus laevis and the bivalve Semimytilus algosus showed an opposite pattern. Several species exhibited a chaotic dynamic, coinciding with the highest productivity values. In 2016 and 2017, several species exhibited a reduction of their abundance which could be delayed responses explained by changes in oceanographic conditions (reduction of coastal upwelling), La Niña event and illegal harvest.

The above notwithstanding, the results suggest that effective protection of benthic species in the protected ecosystem of Punta Coles have been partially accomplished. Therefore, this work could be considered a baseline study, permitting the subsequent monitoring of productivity of the main species inhabiting the coastal area of Punta Coles.

Pre‐image population analysis could be used as a complimentary analytical tool since it enables the evaluation of transient population parameters (e.g. productivity) thus aiding population management, conservation and monitoring decisions.
An SECM‐Based Spot Analysis for Redoxmer‐Electrode Kinetics: Identifying Redox Asymmetries on Model Graphitic Carbon Interfaces
Authors: Gaddam Raghuram , Sarbapalli Dipobrato , Howard Jason , Curtiss Larry A. , Assary Rajeev S. , Rodríguez‐López Joaquín
Published: December 2022

The fundamental process in non‐aqueous redox flow battery (NRFB) operation revolves around electron transfer (ET) between a current collector electrode and redox‐active organic molecules (redoxmers) in solution. Here, we present an approach utilizing scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) to evaluate interfacial ET kinetics between redoxmers and various electrode materials of interest at desired locations. This spot‐analysis method relies on the measurement of heterogeneous electron transfer rate constants (kf or kb) as a function of applied potential (E−E0′). As demonstrated by COMSOL simulations, this method enables the quantification of Butler‐Volmer kinetic parameters, the standard heterogeneous rate constant, k0, and the transfer coefficient, α. Our method enabled the identification of inherent asymmetries in the ET kinetics arising during the reduction of ferrocene‐based redoxmers, compared to their oxidation which displayed faster rate constants. Similar behavior was observed on a wide variety of carbon electrodes such as multi‐layer graphene, highly ordered pyrolytic graphite, glassy carbon, and chemical vapor deposition‐grown graphite films. However, aqueous systems and Pt do not exhibit such kinetic effects. Our analysis suggests that differential adsorption of the redoxmers is insufficient to account for our observations. Displaying a greater versatility than conventional electroanalytical methods, we demonstrate the operation of our spot analysis at concentrations up to 100 mM of redoxmer over graphite films. Looking forward, our method can be used to assess non‐idealities in a variety of redoxmer/electrode/solvent systems with quantitative evaluation of kinetics for applications in redox‐flow battery research.