bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The differential expression patterns of paralogs in response to stresses indicate expression and sequence divergences
Authors: Lian Shuaibin , Zhou Yongjie , Liu Zixiao , Gong Andong , Cheng Lin
Published: August 2019

Backgroud: Theoretically, paralogous genes generated through whole genome duplications should share identical expression levels due to their identical sequences and chromatin environments. However, functional divergences and expression differences have arisen due to selective pressures and evolutional stresses. A comprehensive investigation of the expression patterns of paralogous gene pairs in response to various stresses and a study of correlations between the expression levels and sequence divergences of the paralogs are needed.
Results: In this study, we analyzed the expression patterns of paralogous genes under different types of stress and investigated the correlations between the expression levels and sequence divergences of the paralogs. Firstly, we analyzed the differential expression patterns of the paralogs under four different types of stress (drought, cold, infection, and herbivory) and classified them into three types according to their expression patterns. Secondly, we further analyzed the differential expression patterns under various degrees of stress and constructed the corresponding co-expression networks of differentially expressed paralogs and transcription factors. Thirdly, we investigated the correlations between the expression levels and sequence divergences of the paralogs and identified positive correlations between expression level and sequence divergence. With regard to the sequence divergence, we identified correlations between selective pressure and phylogenetic relationship.
Conclusions: These results shed light on differential expression patterns of paralogs in response to environmental stresses and are helpful for understanding the relations between expression levels and sequences divergences.
Transcriptome Profiling Provides Insights into Molecular Mechanism in Peanut Semi-dwarf Mutant (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Guo Fengdan , Ma Junjie , Shi Suhua , Sun Jinbo , Li Guanghui , Zhao Chuanzhi , Xia Han , Zhao Shuzhen , Wang Xingjun , Hou Lei , Zhao Yanxiu
Published: August 2019

BackgroundPlant height is the major agronomic trait and closely correlated to crop yield. Plant height development is an important area of plant developmental biology and numerous studies about its molecular genetic basis had been conducted on model plants and crops. However, little is known on the molecular mechanisms of peanut plant height.ResultsIn this study, a semi-dwarf peanut mutant was identified from Co60 gama ray induced mutant population and designated as semi-dwarf mutant 2 (sdm2). The height of sdm2 was only 59.3% of its wild line Fenghua 1 (FH1) at the mature stage. Both the internode number and internode length of sdm2 were less than those of FH1. Gene expression profiles of stem and leaf from both sdm2 and FH1 were analyzed using high throughput RNA sequencing. The identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in hormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways, cell wall synthetic and metabolic pathways. BR, GA and IAA biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways were significantly enriched. The expression of several genes in both BR biosynthesis and signaling were found to be significantly down-regulated in stem and leaf of sdm2 as compared to FH1. Many transcription factor genes were identified as DEGs.ConclusionsA large number of genes were found to be differentially expressed between sdm2 and FH1. These results provide useful information for uncovering the molecular mechanism regulating peanut stem height. It could facilitate identification of causal genes for breeding advanced peanut varieties with semi-dwarf phenotype.
Successful long-term remission through tapering tocilizumab infusions: a single center prospective study
Authors: Ladhari Chayma , Blay Pierre Le , Vincent Thierry , Larbi Ahmed , Rubenstein Emma , Lopez Rosanna Ferreira , Jorgensen Christian , PERS Yves-Marie
Published: August 2019

Background

Strategic drug therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with prolonged remission is not well defined. According to recent guidelines, tapering biological Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (bDMARDs) may be considered. We aimed to evaluate the long-term maintenance of tocilizumab (TCZ) treatment after the progressive tapering of infusions.

Methods

We conducted an exploratory, prospective, single-center, open label study, on RA patients with sustained remission for at least 3 months and treated with TCZ infusions every 4 weeks. The initial re-treatment interval was 6 weeks for the first 3 months. Thereafter, the spacing between infusions was determined by the clinician. Successful long-term maintenance following the tapering of TCZ infusions was defined by patients still treated after two years by TCZ with a minimum dosing interval of 5 weeks.

Results

Thirteen patients were enrolled in the study. Eight out of thirteen were still treated by TCZ after two years. Successful long-term maintenance was possible in six patients, with four patients maintaining a re-treatment interval of 8-weeks or more. We observed 5 patients with TCZ withdrawal: one for adverse drug reaction (neutropenia) and four with secondary failure. Patients achieving successful long-term maintenance with TCZ were significantly younger than those with secondary failure (p<0.05). In addition, RA patients with positive rheumatoid factor and anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies, experienced a significantly greater number of flares during our 2-year follow-up (p<0.01).

Conclusions

A progressive tapering of TCZ infusions seems possible in most of the patients. However, larger studies, including more patients, are needed to confirm this therapeutic option.
Cues for different diagnostic patterns of interpersonal violence in a psychiatric sample: an observational study
Authors: Talevi Dalila , Collazzoni Alberto , Rossi Alessandro , Stratta Paolo , Mazza Monica , Pacitti Francesca , Costa Manuela , Crescini Claudio , Rossi Rodolfo
Published: August 2019

Background.
Interpersonal violence has increased as a health concern especially in the psychiatry practice over the last decades; nevertheless, most patients with stable mental illness do not present an increased risk of violence and a mental disorder is not a necessary or sufficient cause of violent behaviors. People with mental illness endorse more often a number of risk factors for violence that could confound this association, such as young age and male gender. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of age, gender, and diagnosis on reported levels of interpersonal violence in a sample of people with severe mental illnesses.

Methods.
The sample was composed of 160 inpatients: 73 with psychosis, 53 with mood disorder and 34 with personality disorder. All patients enrolled in the study were assessed for experiences of victimization and perpetration of interpersonal violence using the Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scale interview. Demographic variables were also collected.

Results.
Violence negatively correlated with age. Compared to males, females were exposed to higher degree of violence (for both victimizations in childhood and adulthood), whereas males were more involved in the perpetration of violence (only for perpetration in childhood). Among diagnoses, personality disorders are associated with higher levels of interpersonal violence. An interaction effect of gender and diagnosis was also observed for expression of violence in adulthood.
Distinct patterns of interpersonal violence did emerge for the diagnostic entities with mood disorder showing a victimization pattern, personality disorders a perpetration pattern and psychoses a less defined pattern.

Conclusions.
The main finding is that psychoses, mood disorders and personality disorders have different patterns of violent experiences when combined with age and gender. This study offers a step towards a better understanding of the extent to which gender and age could affect violent behaviors. Moreover, study findings may increase the comprehension of the reason why some mental disorders, compared to others, are more associated with the risk of victimization or perpetration of violence. These patterns could have pathophysiological or pathoplastic meaning addressing clinical and diagnostic trajectories interacting with other intervening risk factors.
Mortality of site-specific cancer in patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ni Liwei , Long Yuming , Yuan Xuya , Xu Jianhao , Tao Jialong , Wu Runhong , Yu Na , Zhang Yusong
Published: August 2019

Background: Numerous studies have reported contradicting results on the relationship between cancer mortality and schizophrenia. Our aim is to quantify the mortality rate of common site-specific cancers among patients with schizophrenia and to synthesize the available research evidence.
Method: We performed a systemic search of the PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases. Studies reporting the mortality rate of different cancer in patients with schizophrenia were included. A random-effects model was applied to calculate the pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs).
Results: Seven studies consisting of a total of 1,162,971 participants with schizophrenia were included in this meta-analysis. Data regarding mortality risk of breast, colon, lung and prostate cancer among schizophrenia patients were subjected to quantitative analysis. Pooled results showed significant increases in mortality risk of breast cancer (RR = 1.97, 95%CI 1.38–2.83), lung cancer (RR = 1.93, 95%CI 1.46–2.54) and colon cancer (RR = 1.69, 95%CI 1.60–1.80) in patients with schizophrenia compared with those in the general population or control group. The mortality risk of prostate cancer increased in male patients, although no significant difference was detected (RR = 1.58, 95% CI 0.79–3.15). Increased risks of mortality from lung and colon cancer were observed in female patients (RR = 2.49, 95%CI 2.40–2.59 and RR = 2.42, 95%CI 1.39–4.22, respectively) and elevated risks of mortality from lung and colon cancer in male patients (RR = 2.40, 95%CI 2.30–2.50 and RR = 1.90, 95%CI 1.71–2.11, respectively) were detected.
Conclusions: Individuals with schizophrenia have a significantly high risk of mortality from breast, colon, and lung cancer and a high risk of mortality from prostate cancer.
Rural vs urban residence and experience of discrimination among people with severe mental illnesses in Ethiopia
Authors: Forthal Sarah , Fekadu Abebaw , Medhin Girmay , Selamu Medhin , Thornicroft Graham , Hanlon Charlotte
Published: August 2019

Background

Few studies have addressed mental illness-related discrimination in low-income countries, where the mental health treatment gap is highest. We aimed to evaluate the experience of discrimination among persons with severe mental illnesses (SMI) in Ethiopia, a low-income, rapidly urbanizing African country, and hypothesised that experienced discrimination would be higher among those living in a rural compared to an urban setting.

Methods

The study was a cross-sectional survey of a community-ascertained sample of people with SMI who underwent confirmatory diagnostic interview. Experienced discrimination was measured using the Discrimination and Stigma Scale (DISC-12). Zero-inflated negative binomial regression was used to estimate the effect of place of residence (rural vs. urban) on discrimination, adjusted for potential confounders.

Results

Of the 300 study participants, 63.3% had experienced discrimination in the previous year, most commonly being avoided or shunned because of mental illness (38.5%). Urban residents were significantly more likely to have experienced unfair treatment from friends (χ2(1)=4.80; p=0.028), the police (χ2(1) =11.97; p=0.001), in keeping a job (χ2(1)=5.43; p=0.020), and in safety (χ2(1)=5.00; p=0.025), and had a significantly higher DISC-12 score than those living in rural areas (adjusted risk ratio: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.18, 2.33).

Conclusions

Persons with SMI living in urban settings report more experience of discrimination than their rural counterparts, which may reflect a downside of wider social opportunities in urban settings. Initiatives to expand access to mental health care should consider how social exclusion can be overcome in different settings.
Determinants of anemia among HIV positive children on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) attending hospitals of North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2019: A case-control study
Authors: Beletew Biruk Abate , Mengesha Ayelign , Ahmed Mohammed
Published: August 2019

Background: Anemia is one of the most commonly observed hematological abnormalities and an independent poor prognostic marker of HIV disease. The rate of progression and mortality in this subgroup of patients is high compared to non-anemic patients. WHO estimates that over 2 billion people are anemic worldwide and young children bear the world's highest prevalence rate of anemia. In Ethiopia, there is limited information about the determinant factors associated with anemia among HIV positive children. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to assess the determinants of anemia among children on highly active anti-retroviral therapy attending hospitals of North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia.
Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 350 HIV infected children on HAART attending Hospitals of North Wollo Zone, from February 1 to March 30, 2019. The study participants were selected with consecutive sampling technique. An adapted, interviewer-administered, and pre-tested questionnaire and chart review were employed to collect the data. Besides, blood and stool sample was investigated to determine hematologic indices and to investigate intestinal parasites respectively. Data were analyzed by using the SPSS version 24 statistical software and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors.
Results: A total of 350 HIV positive children (117 cases and 234 controls) were included in this study with an overall response rate of 100%.On multivariate analysis, variables which have spastically significance association with anemia were; had Amebiasis (AOR = 7.29, 1.22 - 43.56), had history of opportunistic infections (AOR = 9.63, 1.94 - 47.85), had malaria infection (malaria pf) (AOR = 4.37, 1.16 - 16.42),eating non-diversified (AOR = 10.39, 2.25 - 48.0), WGT –Age Z score value between -2_-3 (AOR = 9.80, 2.46 - 39.14),level of adherence (AOR = 2.31, 1.92, 7.77) and being from rural area(AOR = 8.8, 2.07 - 37.79).
Conclusion: In this study having parasitic infections, history of opportunistic infections, being malnourished, poor adherence to ART, caregivers living in the rural area and eating non-diversified foods were significantly associated with anemia among HIV positive children on HAART.This indicates the need of an integrated package of interventions to design anemia prevention program.
The Relationship Between Serum Visfatin, Blood Glucose, Lipid Metabolism and Nonalcoholic Fatty liver Disease in Simple Obese Children
Authors: Foly mostafa Ahmed EL , Fawaz lubna Anas , Osman Ashraf Mohammed , Swelam Salwa Hussien , Elbakry Noura
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ranges from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)leading to fibrosis and potentially cirrhosis, and it is one of the most common causes of liver disease worldwide.NAFLD is associated with other medical conditions suchas metabolic syndrome, obesity, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Visfatin is an adipocytokine hormone, which exerts an insulin-like effect by binding to the insulin receptor-1, we aim to investigate the correlation between serum Visfatin and both glucose, lipid metabolism and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Simple obese children.
Methods:
This prospective study included 62 children clinically evaluated as obese and 35 apparently healthy children, age and sex matched as controls. Patients were recruited from the emergency department, in-patient wards and out-patient clinics of thepediatric department of EL-Mina University, children's hospital.While controls were collected from healthy school children during day time between September, 2016 and October, 2017.
Fasting Visfatin, glucose, hemoglobinA1cand lipid levels were assayed and abdominal ultrasonography was done for detection of NAFLD.
Results
There was a statistically significant correlation between serum Visfatin level and BMI (p<0.01), cholesterol levels (p< 0.01), triglycerides levels (p< 0.01), LDL levels (p< 0.01), HDL levels (p< 0.01) in both overweight and obese groups.
Conclusions:
Visfatin plays an important role in regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, also in inflammation and insulin resistance, suggesting a role in pathogenesis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD).
Key words: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; metabolic syndrome; Visfatin
Framingham Risk Score and clinical outcomes of forearm autologous arteriovenous fistulas in end-stage renal disease patients: a retrospective cohort study.
Authors: Du Jing , Chen Qinlan , Liang Liming , Kong Xianglei , Xu Dongmei
Published: August 2019

Background

The failure of autologous arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) share several common risk factors. The Framingham risk score (FRS) can predict the occurrence of CVD. Accordingly, we conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate if the FRS can predict the AVF failure in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients.

Methods

In this study, 188 ESRD patients (with the mean age 57.2 ± 13.8 years, 64.9% of them were males) were enrolled with a median follow-up time of 41 months. AVF failure was defined as the presence of stenosis or thrombosis, and loss of the ability to receive prescribed hemodialysis. Primary patency of AVFs, and the association between FRS and AVF failure or death were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method or Cox proportional hazards model, accordingly.

Results

The primary patency of AVFs was 84.6%, 79.3%, 76.6%, 76.1% and 76.1% at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months, respectively. However, there was no significant difference of the primary patencies among the 1st Quartile, 2nd Quartile, 3rd Quartile and 4th Quartile of FRS (log-rank test, p =0.15). Moreover, FRS was not associated with all-cause or CVD mortality after adjusting for other confounders in the Cox proportional hazards models.

Conclusions

This study did not find FRS associated with AVF failure or mortality among ESRD patients.
Social group and health care provider interventions to increase the demand for malaria rapid diagnostic test among community members in Ebonyi state, Nigeria: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Omale Ugwu Innocent , Azuogu Ndubueze B. , Alo Chihurumnanya , Madubueze Ugochukwu C. , Oka Onyinyechukwu U. , Okeke Chijioke K. , Okafor Ifeyinwa M. , Utulu Rowland , Akpan Uduak E. , Iloke Chijioke V. , Nnubia Ogechukwu A. , Eze Ifeyinwa I. , Anene Ogechukwu C. , Nnabu Chukwuka R. , Ibemesi Desi O.
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: The World Health Organization in 2010 recommended universal testing for suspected malaria cases due to some fundamental changes in malaria trend such as the declining malaria incidence in high burden countries, the emergence of parasite resistance to anti-malarial drugs especially artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) and the increased availability of diagnostic testing such as malaria rapid diagnostic test (MRDT). The Nigerian government has long adopted this recommendation and has scaled up the availability of MRDT with the support of foreign partners. However, the malaria/MRDT test rate in the communities is still far short of the recommendation. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of social group and social group/provider interventions in increasing the demand (use and/or request) for MRDT among community members with fever or malaria-like illness in Ebonyi state, Nigeria.
Methods: A three-arm, parallel, stratified cluster randomized design will be used to evaluate the effect of two interventions compared to control: control involves the usual practice of provision of MRDT services by public primary health care providers and patent medicine vendors; social group intervention involves the sensitization/education of social groups about MRDT; social group/provider intervention involves social group treatment plus the training of health care providers in health communication with clients about MRDT. The primary outcome is the proportion of under-5 children with fever/malaria-like illness in the preceding two weeks to a household survey that received MRDT. The co-primary outcome is the proportion of 5 years and above children and adults (excluding pregnant women) with fever/malaria-like illness in the preceding two weeks to a household survey that received MRDT. The primary outcome will be assessed through household surveys at baseline and end-line.
Discussion: The pragmatic and behavioural nature of the interventions which are delivered to groupings of individuals and the need to minimize contamination informed the use of a cluster randomized design by this study in investigating whether the social group and social group/provider interventions will increase the demand for MRDT among community members. “Pragmatic” means the interventions would occur in natural settings or real live situations.
Emergence Delirium in children is not related to intraoperative Burst Suppression – prospective, observational Electrography study
Authors: Koch Susanne , Stegherr Anna-Maria , Rupp Leopold , Kruppa Jochen , Prager Christine , Kramer Sylvia , Fahlenkamp Astrid , Spies Claudia
Published: August 2019

Background: Emergence-delirium is the most frequent brain dysfunction in children recovering from general anaesthesia, though the pathophysiological background remains unclear. The presented study analysed an association between emergence delirium and intraoperative Burst Suppression activity in the electroencephalogram, a period of very deep hypnosis during general anaesthesia.
Methods: In this prospective, observational cohort study at the Charité - university hospital in Berlin / Germany children aged 0.5 to 8 years, undergoing planned surgery, were included between September 2015 and February 2017. Intraoperative bi-frontal electroencephalograms were recorded. Occurrence and duration of Burst Suppression periods were visually analysed. Emergence delirium was assessed using the Pediatric Assessment of Emergence Delirium Score.
Results: From 97 children being analysed within this study, 40 children developed emergence delirium, and 57 children did not. Overall 52% of the children displayed intraoperative Burst Suppression periods; however, occurrence and duration of Burst Suppression (Emergence delirium group 55% / 261+462sec vs. Non-emergence delirium group 49% / 318+531sec) did not differ significantly between both groups.
Conclusions: Our data reveal no correlation between the occurrence and duration of intraoperative Burst Suppression activity and the incidence of emergence delirium. Burst Suppression occurrence is frequent; however, it does not seem to have an unfavourable impact on cerebral function at emergence from general anaesthesia in children.
Trail registration: NCT02481999, June 25, 2015
Systematic review of basket trials, umbrella trials, and platform trials: A landscape analysis of master protocols
Authors: Mills Edward J , Park Jay JH , Siden Ellie , Zoratti Michael J , Dron Louis , Harari Ofir , Singer Joel , Lester Richard T , Thorlund Kristian
Published: August 2019

Background: Master protocols, classified as basket trials, umbrella trials, and platform trials, are novel designs that investigate multiple hypotheses through concurrent sub-studies (e.g. multiple treatments or populations, or that allow adding/removing arms during the trial), offering enhanced efficiency and a more ethical approach to trial evaluation. Despite the many advantages of these designs, they are infrequently used.
Methods: We conducted a landscape analysis of published master protocols using a systematic literature search to determine what trials have been conducted, with an overall goal of improving literacy in this emerging concept. On July 8th, 2019 English-language studies identified from MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases and hand-searches of published reviews and registries.
Results: We identified 83 master protocols (49 basket, 18 umbrella, 16 platform trials). The number of master protocols has increased rapidly over the last five years. Most have been conducted in the US (n=44/83) and investigated experimental drugs (n=82/83), in the field of oncology (n=76/83). The majority of basket trials were exploratory (i.e. phase I/II; n=47/49) and not randomized (n=44/49), with almost half (n=28/48) only investigating a single intervention. The median sample size of basket trials was 205 participants (Interquartile range, Q3-Q1 [IQR]: 500-90=410), with a median study duration of 22.3 (IQR: 74.1-42.9=31.1) months. Similar to basket trials, most umbrella trials were exploratory (n=16/18), but use of randomization was more common (n=8/18). The median sample size of umbrella trials was 346 participants (IQR: 565-252=313), with a median study duration of 60.9 (IQR: 81.3-46.9=34.4) months. The median number of interventions investigated in umbrella trials was 5 (IQR: 6-4=2). In platform trials, randomization (n=15/16) and phase III investigation (n=7/15; one did not report information on phase), with four of them using seamless II/III design, were more common. The median sample size was 892 (IQR: 1835-255=1580), with median study duration of 58.9 (IQR: 101.3-36.9=64.4) months.
Conclusions: We anticipate that the number of master protocols will continue to increase at a rapid pace over the upcoming decades. More efforts to improve awareness and training are needed to apply these innovative trial design methods to fields outside of oncology.
Prospective study of vitrectomy for epiretinal membranes in patients with good best-corrected visual acuity
Authors: Nakashizuka Hiroyuki , Kitagawa Yorihisa , Wakatsuki Yu , Tanaka Koji , Furuya Koichi , Hattori Takayuki , Mori Ryusaburo , Shimada Hiroyuki
Published: August 2019

Backgroud: To evaluate the efficacy of epiretinal membrane removal in patients with good best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) for improving visual function and quality of life (QOL).
Methods: This prospective case study compared 37 subjects with preoperative BCVA ≦ 0.046 logMAR (Good group) to 35 patients with 0.10 - 0.52 logMAR (Moderate group) at 3 and 6 months. Linear mixed-effect models were used for statistical analysis. The primary outcome was the horizontal metamorphopsia score (MH) at 6 months postoperatively (post-6 M), while secondary outcomes were postoperative BCVA, vertical metamorphopsia score (MV), aniseikonia, stereopsis and central foveal thickness. In the Good group, QOL was assessed using the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire-25 (NEI VFQ-25) at 6 and 12 months.
Results: MH was significantly improved at post-3 M and post-6 M in the both groups but there were no significant differences between the two groups. MV showed no improvement at the final observation in either group. LogMAR BCVA was significantly improved at post-6 M in the Good group, which had significantly better vision than the Moderate group. Preoperative vertical and horizontal aniseikonia scores remained unchanged in the Good group at post-6 M but worsened in the Moderate group. The NEI VFQ-25 score improved in the Good group, reflecting improved general health, general vision, and mental health.
Conclusions: Early epiretinal surgery for patients with BCVA ≦ 0.046 logMAR was effective for improvement of HM, BCVA, and QOL and prevented worsening of aniseikonia.
UTILIZAÇÃO DE MODELOS ALOMÉTRICOS PARA ESTIMAR A ÁREA FOLIAR DE Talinum triangulare E Talinum paniculatum
Authors: Oliveira Ricardo Ferreira , Jakelaitis Adriano , Alexandre Ellen Carla Francisca , Pereira Leandro Spíndola , Silva Márcia Nara da , Oliveira Daniel Emanuel Cabral de , Sousa Gustavo Dorneles de , Oliveira Gustavo Silva de
Published: August 2019

O estudo da área foliar das plantas permite inferir sobre os parâmetros de crescimento e de desenvolvimento vegetal, tornando-a um importante indicativo da produtividade agrícola. Objetivou-se, determinar uma equação que permita estimar a área foliar de Talinum triangulare e T. paniculatum por intermédio das medidas lineares das folhas. Amostrou-se aleatoriamente duzentos limbos foliares de cada espécie e com auxílio de escalímetro digital determinou as dimensões foliares de comprimento (C), largura (L) e o seu produto (CL), de modo não destrutivo. Utilizando as mesmas folhas, obteve-se área foliar real (AFR) por meio do software ImageJ®. Foram testados modelos lineares, geométricos e exponenciais e a equação selecionada foi a que apresentou menor valor de soma dos quadrados dos resíduos e maiores coeficientes de determinação (R2). Os resultados obtidos neste estudo demonstram que para as duas espécies, equações de regressão lineares simples, utilizando o produto do comprimento pela máxima largura, dada por SfT triangulare= 0,3247 + 0,6204*CL (R2=0,9662*) e SfT paniculatum= 0,1357 + 0,6019*CL (R2=0,9948*) são indicadas para expressar a estimativa da área foliar de T. triangulare e T. paniculatum, respectivamente.
SELEÇÃO DE ALFAFA (MEDICAGO SATIVA L.) PARA TOLERÂNCIA AO ALUMÍNIO EM SOLUÇÃO NUTRITIVA
Authors: De Ávila Karla Médici Saraiva , Ávila Mariana Rockenbach de , Schneider-Canny Raquel , Dall'Agnol Miguel , De Bitencourt Mêmora Giovana Schmidt , Volkmann Gabriela
Published: August 2019

A alfafa (Medicago sativa L.) é uma leguminosa com alto potencial produtivo, qualidade de forragem e flexibilidade de utilização. Para a expansão desta forrageira no Brasil, torna-se necessário superar um dos maiores entraves, que é a falta de cultivares adaptadas às nossas condições de baixa fertilidade do solo. O melhoramento genético de alfafa para tolerância a solos ácidos pode ser uma alternativa importante para a maior utilização desta cultura, contribuindo na produção de carne e leite do país. O objetivo do presente estudo foi selecionar precocemente genótipos de alfafa para tolerância ao alumínio (Al) em solução nutritiva. Foram avaliados nove genótipos (Solo, Solução, Erechim, Porto Alegre, Estrela e São José do Inhacorá) e como testemunha a Cultivar Crioula. As concentrações de Al utilizadas foram:0; 3; 6; 12; 24; 48 µMol L1 AlCL3 com 100 µMol L-1 de CaCl2 cada. Foram selecionadas 25 plântulas com maior comprimento radicular (cm). Essas plântulas selecionas foram mantidas em casa de vegetação para crescimento e florescimentos. Onde foram realizados cruzamentos controlados dentro de cada genótipo. Com as sementes provenientes destes cruzamentos (F1) foi realizado mais um ciclo de seleção (F2) e os resultados mostraram superioridade do crescimento radicular das populações São José do Inhacorá, Solução e Porto Alegre, indicando uma maior tolerância ao Al tóxico e progresso na seleção para este caráter. Foi possível observar que a seleção em solução nutritiva foi eficiente na discriminação de genótipos com maior tolerância ao alumínio, principalmente nas concentrações 6 µMol L-1 e 12 µMol L-1 de alumínio, com 100 µMol L-1 de cálcio. Os genótipos de alfafa que mostram maior tolerância ao alumínio tóxico (Solução, São José do Inhacorá e Porto Alegre) continuam no Programa de Melhoramento da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) para realização de testes de valor, cultivo e uso (VCU) para posteriormente serem encaminhados para registro.
REAPROVEITAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS ORGÂNICOS REGIONAIS AGROINDUSTRIAIS DA AMAZÔNIA TOCANTINA COMO SUBSTRATOS ALTERNATIVOS NA PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE ALFACE
Authors: Correa Breno Almeida , Parreira Mariana Casari , Martins Jefferson Dos Santos , Ribeiro Rafael Coelho , Da Silva Evaldo Morais
Published: August 2019

O processamento de produtos oriundos da agroindústria produz toneladas de resíduos orgânicos, que constituem excelentes matérias-primas para produção de substratos e adubos orgânicos de grande importância agronômica, social e econômica. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influência de resíduos orgânicos da agroindústria da Amazônia Tocantina no desenvolvimento inicial de cultivares de alface. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4 x 5, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram na combinação de quatro substratos (palmito de açaí, caroço de açaí, casca de arroz carbonizada e o substrato comercial) e cinco cultivares de alface (Veneranda, Simpson, Cinderela, Mônica e Gabriela). O substrato com resíduos da agroindústria de palmito se mostrou uma ótima alternativa para produção de mudas de alface proporcionando resultados semelhantes ao substrato comercial, além de possuir características de favoráveis de ser mais barato e ajudar na sustentabilidade do meio ambiente.
ANÁLISE DA QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA DE TRÊS PROPRIEDADES RURAIS DO MUNICÍPIO DE FLORIANO- PIAUÍ
Authors: Araújo de Sousa Cynthia Raquel Do Nascimento , Matias Amando Oliveira , Santos Filho Florisvaldo Clementino , Sarmento Ricardo Gondim , Gomes Maria Fernanda Costa , Costa Marcones Ferreira
Published: August 2019

As comunidades rurais são negligenciadas quando se trata de saneamento básico e garantia de qualidade hídrica, tendo em vista a falta de tratamento e saneamento básico na zona rural. O presente trabalho teve como escopo principal analisar a potabilidade da água de três comunidades rurais da cidade de Floriano-PI, por meio de parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos, no período de agosto de 2018. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros físico-químicos: pH, turbidez, alcalinidade, cloreto, nitrato e nitrito. Além disso, foi analisada a presença de coliformes totais. As análises foram realizadas no laboratório físico-químico e bacteriológico da Companhia de Águas e Esgotos do Piauí (Agespisa). Com base na análise dos resultados pode-se observar que as amostras avaliadas indicaram a potabilidade da água, visto que as mesmas encontram-se dentro dos valores máximos estabelecidos pela Portaria nº. 2.914/2011 do Ministério da Saúde.
Análisis de las tasas de rentabilidad de las áreas metropolitanas de Colombia desde la perspectiva del capital humano (2009 -2013)
Authors: Gómez Rodríguez Dustin Tahisin , Rincón Moreno Mauricio , Niño Leonardo
Published: August 2019

El siguiente documento pretende analizar la tasa de rentabilidad de las áreas metropolitanas de Colombia desde la perspectiva de la teoría del capital humano, teniendo como variable base la ciudad de Bogotá, a partir de los datos de la Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares (GEIH), en el periodo comprendido entre los años 2009 al 2013 para las 13 áreas metropolitanas. Como herramienta metodológica, se realizaron estimaciones usando las ecuaciones Mincer sobre el ingreso, en este sentido, se corrigió el sesgo de selección a través del método propuesto por Heckman (1979). La principal conclusión que arrojaron las estimaciones, es que la tasa de rentabilidad de las áreas metropolitanas del país está por debajo de que se obtiene para la ciudad de Bogotá. Este producto hace parte del desarrollo del proyecto de investigación denominado la Importancia del rol de la tienda de barrio y sus estrategias en retail en el contexto del desarrollo endógeno de Bogotá, donde confluyen investigadores de diferentes universidades colombianas y extranjeras. Proyecto de investigación: La gerencia, la identidad y el merchandising del retail de bajo presupuesto un nuevo modelo en pequeña y mediana superficies realizado en conjunto con la Universidad de la ECCI, la Universidad tecnológica de Bolívar (UTB), la Corporación Unificada de Educación Superior (CUN) , la Universidad Autónoma de México del Estado de Hidalgo y Universidad San Buenaventura, sede Bogotá
Peace vs. justice: the perceived and real contradictions of conflict resolution and human rights
Authors: Langer Johannes
Published: August 2019

The perceived dilemma between a choice of focusing on justice or peace after armed conflict continues to be an issue around the globe. Particularly the treatment of perpetrators remains a highly contentious issue, whether amnesty is a policy of impunity or is a necessary evil to get to a peace agreement in the first place. While the importance of justice is increasingly gaining grounds, cases around the globe show the difficulty to punish the perpetrators. Part of the peace versus justice debate is also affecting the fields of human rights and conflict resolution that are divided on the topic and still fail to communicate effectively between each other. Only by understanding their differences, it is possible to collaborate successfully together.  Artículo de investigación científica que trabaja el tema de la justicia y la paz en el marco de un conflicto armado. Versions of this article were published on the blog of the author: http://johanneslanger.com
¿Construcción de sociedad civil y de desarrollo territorial rural? Una perspectiva desde las transformaciones rurales a partir del turismo rural
Authors: Molina Orjuela Douglas Eduardo
Published: August 2019

La acentuada tendencia por continuar redescubriendo el desarrollo sostenible en todos los estadios posibles ha logrado focalizarse en campos más delimitados, específicos y concretos, donde la suma de estos pudiera contribuir a la construcción del proyecto general. Es desde este enfoque que visiones simplificadas como el desarrollo territorial rural se convierte en una alternativa más delimitada de desarrollo con campos de acción más específicos, ejemplo de ello, el turismo rural que le está apostando a incidir fuertemente en lo que respecta a cambios socioeconómicos, culturales y políticos de sociedades. De esta forma, pueden convertirse activamente en los protagonistas del cambio de su espacio y de la reestructuración que esperan y necesitan de este, donde se continúe abandonando los antiguos modismos de concentrar las decisiones en gobiernos centrales o en alternativas netamente financieras para lograr el cambio.
¿Es posible una minería con responsabilidad social empresarial?. Acercamiento al municipio de Tausa - Cundinamarca
Authors: Solano Mayden
Published: August 2019

La Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE) o Corporativa (RSC) surge como una respuesta a mejorar la sociedad, contemplando el impacto de la acción de la empresa u organización (pública o privada) en su triple dimensión, en la que no solo se incluye al eje medioambiental, sino también, económico y social, cuyo objetivo es la consecución del desarrollo sostenible y generación de valor para todos los grupos de interés; pero ¿es posible pensar en una minería con responsabilidad social empresarial? Este artículo, no va más allá de analizar los elementos que se deberían contemplar para poder considerar a una minería con acciones verdaderas de RSE, queriendo con ello, hacer un diagnóstico general de la actividad minera del carbón en el municipio de Tausa, ubicado en el departamento de Cundinamarca. Para abordar este artículo se quiere en primera instancia realizar un análisis de la insostenibilidad en términos de crecimiento exponencial, un acercamiento a lo que es considerado RSE, destacando la importancia de su aplicación, para finalmente, hacer una aproximación a la actividad minera con relación a esta práctica social, identificando a priori los elementos del deber ser, teniendo en cuenta las características de municipios carboníferos, como es el caso de Tausa - Cundinamarca.
El contrato de Factoring: apuntes y comentarios
Authors: Uribe Hernando
Published: August 2019

En este artículo se abordarán los orígenes, significado yprincipales características del contrato de factoring en la legislacióncolombiana. Se esbozarán también los elementos estructurales dela figura y las principales características de las regulaciones delfactoring en distintos países, así como la prospectiva de la figura enel dinámico mundo comercial de hoy.
Violencia basada en el género y guerra: mujeres, violencia sexual, desplazamiento forzado y restitución de tierras en el departamento del Magdalena entre 1999 a 2012
Authors: Acosta Hernández Cindy Lorena
Published: August 2019

Este artículo analiza las relaciones existentes entre la violenciabasada en el género y la guerra en el departamento del Magdalenadurante el período de 1999 a 2012. Para el efecto se estudian laviolencia sexual, la transformación de los roles de género, las afecta ciones diferenciales de los repertorios de violencia en hombres y mujeres y las formas en que los géneros son definidos y tratados en los momentos de restitución, reparación y justicia. En el departamento, la violencia sexual por parte de los paramilitares del Bloque Norte y el Frente Resistencia Tayrona de las Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia (AUC) fue un arma sistemática y estratégica para generar formas de control sobre comportamientos, vestimentas, comunicación, feminidades, masculinidades y sexualidades, generando relaciones entre la violencia basada en el género y la guerra. El trabajo muestra cómo durante el periodo de 1999 a 2012, años de expansión, control, desmovilización y creación de grupos posdesmovilizados, se usó o amenazó con la violencia sexual para generar desplazamientos forzados, para desarraigar familias y comunidades, para establecer formas de terror y para instrumentalizar el cuerpo. Se ve igualmente cómo aún después de la desmovilización, estas relaciones continúan afectando a las mujeres reclamantes de tierras y de justicia, porque los procesos de paz y las leyes no contienen un espacio o apartado que ataque o elimine las violencias estructurales de género. Por ello, se quiere dar respuesta a la pregunta: ¿cómo se relaciona y se caracteriza la violencia basada en el género y la guerra en el departamento del Magdalena durante el periodo de 1999 a 2012?
El discurso del Otro en el dispositivo de atención psicosocial a víctimas del conflicto armado
Authors: Moreno Camacho Manuel Alejandro
Published: August 2019

Este trabajo se propone caracterizar la dimensión prescriptiva de la estrategia de atención psicosocial a víctimas del conflicto armado en Colombia. Está orientado teórica y metodológicamente por la perspectiva de los estudios de la gubernamentalidad en articulación con los principios del análisis lacaniano del discurso. Los resultados apuntan a la identificación de ideales sobre la reparación integral a las víctimas, y al análisis de los mensajes explícitos e implícitos que permiten situar la demanda del Otro institucional. Esto permite concluir que la reparación integral a las víctimas del conflicto armado en Colombia se inscribe en la lógica actual de gestión de la cuestión social, como una política de cuidado que tiene el carácter de respuesta oficial del Estado para saldar una deuda con la población. En este contexto, los profesionales de primera línea son portadores del mensaje que el Estado dirige a los destinatarios del programa y son convocados a actuar como expertos en la recuperación de los daños psicosociales causados por la violencia sociopolítica, con el propósito de alcanzar el ideal de rehabilitación.
Encuentros entre la perspectiva decolonial y los estudios de la discapacidad
Authors: Pino Morán Juan Andrés , Tiseyra María Victoria
Published: August 2019

El objetivo del manuscrito es indagar sobre las posibilidades de articular la temática de la discapacidad y la perspectiva decolonial a través de una aproximación revisionista de los supuestos de la colonialidad/decolonialidad desde los estudios críticos de la discapacidad. De este modo, y por medio de un encuentro teórico de ambas perspectivas, se ofrecen nodos de confluencia a fin de brindar aportes a las discusiones presentes dentro del ámbito académico y el activismo social, visibilizando saberes, prácticas y epistemologías encubiertas por la matriz de poder moderno-colonial.
El conocimiento y los otros
Authors: Castrillón Castrillón Andrés Alfredo
Published: August 2019

Hay una tendencia actual a reconocer lo diverso o, por lo menos, hay una directriz en este sentido que debería dar como resultado el respeto al otro (aunque no siempre sea así). Reconocimiento de diferentes culturas, sociedades, opciones políticas, sexuales, de género o religiosas. En este último ámbito, se han realizado varios encuentros ecuménicos, es decir, entre las diferentes confesiones cristianas y de diálogos interreligiosos cuya finalidad se centra en la unificación del cristianismo, el primero, y la aceptación y deferencia de las creencias y las religiones de los otros, el segundo. Asimismo, se promueve la no violencia contra las comunidades que buscan las igualdades civiles y de derechos en cuestiones de género, por ejemplo, o en el caso de la orientación sexual de los individuos (ante lo que la Unesco presenta informes en ambas materias).
New Production Technology for Nutritionally Enhanced Bakery Products
Authors: Буховец Валентина , Bukhovets Valentina , Ефимова Дарья , Yefimova Darya , Давыдова Людмила , Davydova Lyudmila
Published: August 2019

The paper features nutritionally enhanced bakery products. N.I. Vavilov Saratov State Agricultural University conducts a series of research on the development of accelerated technologies for nutritionally enhanced bakery products. One of the main objectives of food industry is to develop healthy bakery products. Small power bakeries located in places of high demand are getting very popular. Mini-bakeries specialize in complementing products, e.g. malt rye bread and sweet rolls, as well as dietary, functional, and preventive bakery products. In Russia, apple juice is cheap and available, since apples are extremely widespread. Nevertheless, apple juice is rich in minerals, vitamins, enzymes, and organic acids. The authors developed an accelerated technology for bakery products fortified with apple juice. The technology can be used by small enterprises that would like to expand their product range with the help of domestic fortifiers. The experiment involved samples of cold technology bread, in which water was partially substituted with apple juice. The samples were tested on sensory, physical, and chemical properties. The article describes the effect of apple juice on the structural and mechanical characteristics of the samples, i.e. viscosity, shear velocity, crumb, shelf life, rheological properties, general and plastic deformation, etc. The research revealed that apple juice affects the discoloration of the bakery product, i.e. degree of whiteness, chromaticity, and other color characteristics. Consumer properties were tested by panelists. The experiment defined the nutrition value and chemical composition of the product and established the optimal dosage of apple juice in the formulation, which could maintain the best consumer properties and satisfy the daily requirement for nutrients. Thus, bakery products fortified with apple juice can contribute to the development of baking industry.