bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and implementation of river‐routing process module in a regional climate model and its evaluation in Korean river basins
Authors: Lee Ji‐Woo , Hong Song‐You , Kim Jung‐Eun Esther , Yoshimura Kei , Ham Suryun , Joh Minsu
Published: April 2015

This study assessed the potential for river discharge simulation by implementing an online river‐routing scheme into the regional climate model (RCM) framework as a unified subroutine module and investigated the sensitivity of simulated river flows in response to changes in spatial resolutions in RCM and river‐routing scheme. The river‐routing scheme gathers runoff from the RCM and advects them horizontally along the river drainage network. The dynamical downscaling simulations were driven by reanalysis at the boundaries for the period of 2000–2010, using different grid sizes for RCM (50 and 12.5 km) and for river‐routing scheme (0.5°, 0.25°, and 0.125°). Simulated river discharge was evaluated throughout the three largest river basins in Korea. The simulation results showed potential for river discharge modeling in the RCM framework. The model generally captured the seasonal and monthly variabilities, and the daily scale peaks. From the resolution sensitivity experiments, it was confirmed that high‐resolution RCM enhances the reproducibility of river discharge; however, the lack of sophistication of the current river‐routing scheme, which was originally developed for continental and macroscale application, mitigates taking advantage of enhanced resolution in river model. On the basis of our findings and experiences in this study, we revealed several considerable issues for future developments of river simulation in the RCM framework.
The heavy ion diffusion region in magnetic reconnection in the Earth's magnetotail
Authors: Liu Y. H. , Mouikis C. G. , Kistler L. M. , Wang S. , Roytershteyn V. , Karimabadi H.
Published: April 2015

While the plasma in the Earth's magnetotail predominantly consists of protons and electrons, there are times when a significant amount of oxygen is present. When magnetic reconnection occurs, the behavior of these heavy ions can be significantly different from that of the protons, due to their larger gyroradius. In this study, we investigate the heavy ion distribution functions in the reconnection ion diffusion region from a 2.5D three‐species particle‐in‐cell numerical simulation and compare those with Cluster observations from the near‐Earth magnetotail. From the simulation results, we find that the heavy ions are demagnetized and accelerated in a larger diffusion region, the heavy ion diffusion region. The ion velocity distribution functions show that, inside the heavy ion diffusion region, heavy ions appear as counterstreaming beams along z in the GSM x‐z plane, while drifting in y, carrying cross‐tail current. We compare this result with Cluster observations in the vicinity of reconnection regions in the near‐Earth magnetotail and find that the simulation predictions are consistent with the observed ion distribution functions in the ion diffusion region, as well as the inflow, exhaust, and separatrix regions. Based on the simulation and observation results, the presence of a multiscale diffusion region model, for O+ abundant reconnection events in the Earth's magnetotail, is demonstrated. A test particle simulation shows that in the diffusion region, the H+ gains energy mainly through Ex, while the O+ energy gain comes equally from Ex and Ey.
Australian‐derived detrital zircons in the Permian‐Triassic Gympie terrane (eastern Australia): Evidence for an autochthonous origin
Authors: Li Pengfei , Rosenbaum Gideon , Yang Jin‐Hui , Hoy Derek
Published: April 2015

The Tasmanides in eastern Australia record accretionary processes along the eastern Gondwana margin during the Phanerozoic. The Gympie terrane is the easternmost segment of the Tasmanides, but whether its origin was autochthonous or allochthonous is a matter of debate. We present U‐Pb ages of detrital zircons from Permian and Triassic sedimentary rocks of the Gympie terrane with the aim of tracing the source of the sediments and constraining their tectonic relationships with the Tasmanides. Our results show that the Permian stratigraphic units from the Gympie terrane mainly contain Carboniferous and Permian detrital zircons with dominant age peaks at ~263 Ma, ~300 Ma, ~310 Ma, and ~330 Ma. The provenance ages of the Triassic sedimentary units are similar (~256 Ma, ~295 Ma, and ~328 Ma) with an additional younger age peak of ~240 Ma. This pattern of provenance ages from the Gympie terrane is correlative to episodes of magmatism in the adjacent component of the Tasmanides (New England Orogen), indicating that the detrital zircons were dominantly derived from the Australian continent. Given the widespread input of detrital zircons from the Tasmanides, we think that the sedimentary sequence of the Gympie terrane was deposited along the margin of the eastern Australian continent, possibly in association with a Permo‐Triassic continental arc system. Our results do not show evidence for an exotic origin of the Gympie terrane, indicating that similarly to the vast majority of the Tasmanides, the Gympie terrane was genetically linked to the Australian continent.
Rent Seeking and Political Economy of Geographical Indication Foods
Authors: Landi Chiara , Stefani Gianluca
Published: April 2015

Protected Designation of Origin and Protected Geographical Indication are European labeling regulations aimed at protecting names of origin and traditional methods of production of specialty foods. Property rights on these marks are allocated, by a public authority, to a specific area. However, the size of the protected area is hardly defined solely on technical characteristics, rather it is often an issue of political debate among different stakeholders (producers and consumers). This paper aims at investigating the bargaining process leading to the definition of a Geographical Indication area. Drawing on historical evidence from three cases, we build a three‐stage Political Economy Model in which the size of the protected area is endogenously determined. The resulting politically optimal area is compared to the social optimum. Results show that lobbying strength, quantity supplied, and market potential play an important role in explaining deviations from the social optimum.
Staining intraoperative topical solutions with fluorescein: enhancing the safety of sinus surgery
Authors: Yao William C. , Regone Rachel M. , Takashima Masayoshi
Published: April 2015

Background

Oxymetazoline HCl 0.05%, 1:100,000 lidocaine with epinephrine (lido+epi), and 1:1000 epinephrine are all colorless solutions employed in sinus surgery. Because lido+epi is injected whereas others are not, care must be taken to label all solutions to avoid inadvertent injection of oxymetazoline or concentrated epinephrine because of life‐threatening complications. Dyes have been used to color solutions for visual identification, but efficacy and cost have never been compared. We sought to determine the effectiveness of surgical marking pen (gentian violet) and fluorescein strips as coloring agents in mediums commonly used in sinus surgery.

Methods

In this specialty techniques study, 4 liquid mediums (normal saline [NS], 0.05% oxymetazoline, 1:1,000 epinephrine, and lido+epi) and 2 coloring agents (fluorescein strip and surgical marking pen) were combined separately. Photos and absorbance of each solution were obtained at 15‐minute intervals over 2 hours using a spectrophotometer.

Results

Peak absorbance remained stable for all solutions with fluorescein. Absorbance also remained constant for NS (0.37 absorbance units [AU] → 0.37 AU) and oxymetazoline (2.8 AU → 2.8 AU) mixed with marking pen. Absorbance decreased over 2 hours when marking pen was mixed with 1:1000 epinephrine (0.82 AU → 0.32 AU) and lido+epi (1.19 AU → 0.33 AU). Furthermore, the majority of color visibility and absorbance decreased in the first 15 minutes for concentrated epinephrine (0.82 → 0.33) and lido+epi (1.19 → 0.51). Cost of fluorescein strips ($0.14 to $0.20/strip) was less than marking pens ($13 to 46/pen).

Conclusion

Compared to marking pen dye, solutions dyed with fluorescein retained their color and did not decay over time. We recommend fluorescein strips to label colorless materials in the operating room because of their lack of color decay and cost advantages.
Striving for a ‘Bulletproof’ Mediation Settlement Agreement
Authors: Sussman Edna , Weiner Conna A.
Published: April 2015

“Mediation will not always be successful, but it should not spawn more litigation.” Willingboro Mall Ltd. v. 240/242 Franklin Ave. LLC, 215 N.J. 242, 71 A.3d 888 (2013).
Total Synthesis of Ellagitannins through Regioselective Sequential Functionalization of Unprotected Glucose
Authors: Takeuchi Hironori , Mishiro Kenji , Ueda Yoshihiro , Fujimori Yusuke , Furuta Takumi , Kawabata Takeo
Published: April 2015

Short total syntheses of natural glycosides (ellagitannins) were performed through sequential and regioselective functionalization of the hydroxy groups of unprotected glucose. The key reactions are β‐selective glycosidation of a gallic acid derivative by using unprotected glucose as a glycosyl donor and catalyst‐controlled regioselective introduction of a galloyl group into the inherently less reactive hydroxy group of the glucoside.
Design and optimization of alginate−chitosan−pluronic nanoparticles as a novel meloxicam drug delivery system
Authors: Fattahpour Shohreh , Shamanian Morteza , Tavakoli Naser , Fathi Mohammadhossein , Sheykhi Saeid Reza , Fattahpour Shirin
Published: April 2015

The inflammation and pain associated with osteoarthritis are treated with nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This treatment is accompanied by several side effects; therefore local intra articular (IA) NSAID injection can be more efficient and safe than systemic administration or topical use. In this study, alginate−chitosan−pluronic nanoparticles were considered as a new vehicle for IA meloxicam delivery. These novel nanoparticles were prepared using an ionotropic gelation method and were optimized for variables such as alginate to chitosan mass ratio, pluronic concentration, and meloxicam concentration using a 3‐factor in 3‐level Box‐Behnken design. To optimize the formulation, the dependent variables considered were particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and mean dissolution time (MDT). The nanoparticles morphology was characterized by FESEM and AFM. The potential interactions of the drug‐polymers were investigated by ATR‐FTIR and DSC, and the delivery profile of meloxicam from the nanoparticles was obtained. The average particle size of the optimized nanoparticles was 283 nm, the zeta potential was −16.9 mV, the meloxicam entrapment efficiency was 55%, and the MDT was 8.9 hours. The cumulative released meloxicam amount from the composite nanoparticles was 85% at pH 7.4 within 96 h. The release profile showed an initial burst release followed by a sustained release phase. The release mechanism was non‐Fickian diffusion. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2015,132, 42241.
Synergistic effect of dipentaerythritol and montmorillonite in EVOH‐based nanocomposites
Authors: Vannini Micaela , Marchese Paola , Celli Annamaria , Marega Carla , Marigo Antonio , Lorenzetti Cesare
Published: April 2015

To solve problems of stiffness of EVOH in film preparation, new formulations are investigated. First, dipentaerythritol (DPE) is blended with EVOH: it acts as plasticizer, decreases the EVOH crystallization temperature and allows the preparation of articles featuring enhanced flexibility and stretchability. However, beyond a certain loading (above 10 wt %) DPE can crystallize and segregate during cooling, causing further problems in EVOH processability due to material embrittlement. Then, a small amount of montmorillonite (MMT) is mixed in the EVOH/DPE system: it results that for specific compositions MMT inhibits the DPE crystallization. At the same time, DPE, thanks to its high polarity and affinity with both clay and polymeric matrix, improves the intercalation of the nanoclays, promoting the penetration of the polymer chains within the layers of the clay. The synergistic effects of DPE and MMT in EVOH matrix is confirmed by DSC, WAXD, SAXS and TEM analyses. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42265.
Effects of facile amine‐functionalization on the physical properties of epoxy/graphene nanoplatelets nanocomposites
Authors: Seong Mihye , Kim Dae Su
Published: April 2015

Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) have excellent thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties. The incorporation of GNPs into a polymer can remarkably enhance the thermal and mechanical properties of the polymer especially when GNPs are well dispersed in the polymer matrix with strong interfacial bonding. Therefore, in this study, GNPs were amine‐functionalized by covalently bonding 4,4′‐methylene dianiline onto their surfaces via a facile synthetic route. The amine‐functionalization was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy and TGA. Epoxy/GNPs nanocomposites were prepared and their curing behavior, thermomechanical properties and impact strength were investigated. The amine‐functionalization increased curing rate, storage modulus, thermal dimensional stability, and impact strength of the nanocomposites. The SEM images for the fracture surface of the nanocomposite with amine‐functionalized GNPs showed a smooth and ductile failure‐like surface, resulted from the improved interfacial bonding between GNPs and the epoxy matrix. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42269.
Bone Microstructure of the Stereospondyl Lydekkerina Huxleyi Reveals Adaptive Strategies to the Harsh Post Permian‐Extinction Environment
Authors: Canoville Aurore , Chinsamy Anusuya
Published: April 2015

The small‐bodied stereospondyl Lydekkerina huxleyi, dominated the amphibian fauna of the South African Lower Triassic. Even though the anatomy of this amphibian has been well described, its growth strategies and lifestyle habits have remained controversial. Previous studies attributed the relative uniformity in skull sizes to a predominance of subadult and adult specimens recovered in the fossil record. Anatomical and taphonomic data suggested that the relatively small body‐size of this genus, as compared to its Permo‐Triassic relatives, could be linked to a shortened, rapid developmental period as an adaptation to maintain successful breeding populations under harsh environmental conditions. Moreover, Lydekkerina's habitat has been hypothesized to be either aquatic or mainly terrestrial. The current study, utilizes bone microstructure to reassess previous hypotheses pertaining to the biology and ecology of Lydekkerina. Various skeletal elements of different‐sized specimens are analyzed to understand its growth dynamics, intraskeletal variability, and lifestyle adaptations. Bone histology revealed that our sample comprises individuals at different ontogenetic stages i.e., juveniles to mature individuals. Our results show that these amphibians, despite exhibiting plasticity in growth, experienced an overall faster growth during early ontogeny (thereby attaining sexual maturity sooner), as compared to most other temnospondyls. The microanatomy of the long bones with their thick bone walls and distinctive medullary cavity suggests that Lydekkerina may have been amphibious with a tendency to be more terrestrial. Our study concludes that Lydekkerina employed a peculiar growth strategy and lifestyle adaptations, which enabled it to endure the harsh, dry conditions of the Early Triassic. Anat Rec, 298:1237–1254, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Acute graft‐versus‐host disease and bronchiolitis obliterans after autologous stem cell transplantation in a patient with multiple myeloma
Authors: Alonso Sara , Cabrero Mónica , Caballero Juan C. , Dávila Julio , de la Calle Veronica Gonzalez , López‐Godino Oriana , López‐Corral Lucia , Pérez Estefanía , Vázquez Lourdes , Corral Rocío , Caballero Dolores , del Cañizo Consuelo , Mateos María Victoria
Published: April 2015

Key Clinical Message

Sixty‐seven‐year‐old patient, diagnosed with multiple myeloma who had received autologous stem cell transplantation, following bortezomib, dexamethasone and thalidomide conventional regimen, achieving complete response, developed rash, diarrhea, and severe respiratory failure, 80 days after the transplantation procedure. He was diagnosed with graft‐versus‐host disease and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome.
Lumbar puncture complicated by spinal epidural hematoma in a child with leukemia
Authors: Hatzipantelis Emmanuel , Kyriakidis Ioannis , Pavlou Evangelos , Pavlidou Efterpi , Stamou Maria , Foroglou Nikolaos , Papageorgiou Theodotis , Hatzistilianou Maria
Published: April 2015

Key Clinical Message

We report a case of spinal epidural hematoma (SEH) preceded by diagnostic lumbar puncture (LP) in a 5‐year‐old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. MRI confirmed the presence of SEH between T7 and L5 levels, but the patient showed fast recovery during the next hours and conservative management was elected.
Digynic triploidy: utility and challenges of noninvasive prenatal testing
Authors: Fleischer Julie , Shenoy Archana , Goetzinger Katherine , Cottrell Catherine E. , Baldridge Dustin , White Frances V. , Shinawi Marwan
Published: April 2015

Key Clinical Message

Low fraction fetal DNA in noninvasive prenatal testing in the context of fetal growth restriction and multiple congenital anomalies should alert medical professionals to the possibility of digynic triploidy. Single‐nucleotide polymorphism microarray can detect the parental origin of triploidy and explain its mechanism.
Statistical Optimization for Production of Light Olefins in a Fluidized‐Bed Reactor
Authors: Pajaie Hassan Sharifi , Taghizadeh Majid
Published: April 2015

The methanol‐to‐olefins reaction (MTO) was studied in a small‐scale fluidized‐bed reactor over synthesized silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO‐34) catalysts. Mesoporous nanocrystalline SAPO‐34 molecular sieves were synthesized hydrothermally by ultrasonic and microwave‐assisted aging processes in the presence of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and tetradecyldimethyl(3‐trimethoxysilylpropyl)ammonium chloride (TPOAC) as surfactant agents. The Box‐Behnken experimental design method was applied to determine the optimum operating parameters of this process conducted in the fluidized‐bed reactor. The optimum conditions in terms of reaction temperature, ratio of inlet gas velocity to minimum fluidizing velocity, and MeOH weight fraction were evaluated.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxazolines: Their Synthesis and Biological Activity
Authors: Bansal Shivani , Halve A. K.
Published: April 2015

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Neutral and Anionic N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Betaine Interconversions. Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications
Authors: Schmidt Andreas , Wiechmann Sascha , Freese Tyll
Published: April 2015

Review: 147 refs.
A Comprehensive Structural Overview of p38α MAPK in Complex with Type I Inhibitors
Authors: Astolfi Andrea , Iraci Nunzio , Manfroni Giuseppe , Barreca Maria Letizia , Cecchetti Violetta
Published: April 2015

p38α mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a well‐recognized therapeutic target for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Over the past two decades, tremendous efforts have been focused on the discovery and development of small‐molecule p38α MAPK inhibitors, although currently no drugs targeting this protein are clinically available. Therefore, the identification of novel chemotypes that are able to inhibit p38α MAPK function is still of great therapeutic significance. With the objective to support drug discovery programs aimed at identifying new immunomodulators acting on p38α MAPK, herein we present a complete overview of the available crystal structures of this protein in complex with ATP‐site type I inhibitors. The 85 available complexes are classified by chemotype and experimental binding mode, and the ligand–protein interactions are discussed using the most representative inhibitors. The type and frequency of key inhibitor features are analyzed to give a final summary of the chemical requirements of promising p38α MAPK inhibitors. The proposed pharmacophore can be exploited to enhance the opportunities to identify novel type I inhibitors of p38α MAPK.
Self‐healing wireless sensor networks
Authors: Miyaji Atsuko , Omote Kazumasa
Published: April 2015

Availability is very important for long‐term use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), assuming the presence of an attacker. It is thus important to achieve secure communication among WSNs even if some sensor nodes are compromised. Self‐healing WSNs possess the feature that a network automatically self‐heals after node‐capture attacks in order to achieve availability. The self‐healing means that the ratio of compromised links decreases with time, even if the attacker corrupts sensor nodes of the network. In this paper, three kinds of self‐healing schemes for WSNs are described, a polynomial‐based self‐healing scheme, a simple random key pre‐distribution scheme with self‐healing, and a proactive co‐operative link self‐healing scheme. Our contributions are the self‐healing schemes with security evaluation, in which we conduct analytical evaluation and a simulation experiment of our schemes, and results obtained from both analysis and simulations indicate that our schemes are effective in self‐healing. Furthermore, comparing three schemes, we clarify each difference and discuss optimal scheme under each different environments. © 2015 The Authors. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
HLognGP: A parallel computation model for GPU clusters
Authors: Lu Fengshun , Song Junqiang , Pang Yufei
Published: April 2015

Parallel computation model is an abstraction for the performance characteristics of parallel computers, and should evolve with the development of computational infrastructure. The heterogeneous CPU/Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) systems have been and will be important platforms for scientific computing, which introduces an urgent demand for new parallel computation models targeting this kind of supercomputers. In this research, we propose a parallel computation model called HLognGP to abstract the computation and communication features of heterogeneous platforms like TH‐1A. All the substantial parameters of HLognGP are in vector form and deal with the new features in GPU clusters. A simplified version HLog3GP of the proposed model is mapped to a specific GPU cluster and verified with two typical benchmarks. Experimental results show that HLog3GP outperforms the other two evaluated models and can well model the new particularities of GPU clusters. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrochemical Detection of Interaction Between α‐Synuclein and Clioquinol
Authors: Cheng Xin R. , Kerman Kagan
Published: April 2015

α‐Synuclein (α‐S) protein is expressed in presynaptic terminals in the central nervous system. The aggregation of α‐S is implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this report, the interaction of α‐S with clioquinol (CQ) was investigated in the presence of Cu(II) ions using electrochemistry, as well as Thioflavin T‐based fluorescence and Congo Red‐based UV‐Vis studies. In the presence of CQ, the α‐S aggregation rate was observed to decrease. The preliminary results showed promise in the future development of CQ derivatives as novel small molecule therapeutic agents with potential efficacy targeting α‐S in PD therapy.
Influence of smoking and packaging methods on lipid stability and microbial quality of Capelin (Mallotus villosus) and Sardine (Sardinella gibossa)
Authors: Cyprian Odoli O. , Van Nguyen Minh , Sveinsdottir Kolbrun , Jonsson Asbjorn , Tomasson Tumi , Thorkelsson Gudjon , Arason Sigurjon
Published: April 2015

Lipid and microbial quality of smoked capelin (two groups differing in lipid content) and sardine was studied, with the aim of introducing capelin in the smoked sardine markets. Lipid hydrolysis (phospholipid and free fatty acids) and oxidation index (hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances), fatty acid composition, and total viable count were measured in raw and packaged smoked fish during chilled storage (day 2, 10, 16, 22, 28). Lipid hydrolysis was more pronounced in low lipid capelin, whereas accelerated lipid oxidation occurred in high lipid capelin. Muscle lipid was less stable in sardine than capelin. Essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) constituted 12% of fatty acids in capelin and 19% in sardine. Vacuum packaging as well as hot smoking retarded bacterial growth, recording counts of ≤log 5 CFU/g compared to ≥log 7CFU/g in cold smoked air packaged. Smoked low lipid capelin was considered an alternative for introduction in smoked sardine markets.
The DACH/EYA/SIX gene network and its role in tumor initiation and progression
Authors: Liu Yu , Han Na , Zhou Si , Zhou Rong , Yuan Xun , Xu Hanxiao , Zhang Cuntai , Yin Tiejun , Wu Kongming
Published: April 2015

The functional abnormality of developmental genes is a common phenomenon in cancer initiation and progression. The retinal determination gene network (RDGN) is a key signal in Drosophila eye specification, and this conservative pathway is also required for the development of multiple organs in mammalian species. Recent studies demonstrated that aberrant expressions of RDGN components in vertebrates, mainly Dach, Six, and Eya, represent a novel tumor signal. RDGN regulates proliferation, apoptosis, tumor growth and metastasis through interactions with multiple signaling pathways in a co‐ordinated fashion; Dach acts as a tumor suppressor, whereas Six and Eya function as oncogenes. Clinical analyses demonstrated that the expression levels of RDGN correlate with tumor stage, metastasis and survival, suggesting that combinational detection of this pathway might be used as a promising biomarker for the stratification of therapy and for the prediction of the prognosis of cancer patients.
Experimental Myocardial Infarction Upregulates Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor-23
Authors: Andrukhova Olena , Slavic Svetlana , Odörfer Kathrin I , Erben Reinhold G
Published: April 2015

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of death worldwide. Epidemiological studies have linked vitamin D deficiency to MI incidence. Because fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) is a master regulator of vitamin D hormone production and has been shown to be associated with cardiac hypertrophy per se, we explored the hypothesis that FGF23 may be a previously unrecognized pathophysiological factor causally linked to progression of cardiac dysfunction post-MI. Here, we show that circulating intact Fgf23 was profoundly elevated, whereas serum vitamin D hormone levels were suppressed, after induction of experimental MI in rat and mouse models, independent of changes in serum soluble Klotho or serum parathyroid hormone. Both skeletal and cardiac expression of Fgf23 was increased after MI. Although the molecular link between the cardiac lesion and circulating Fgf23 concentrations remains to be identified, our study has uncovered a novel heart–bone–kidney axis that may have important clinical implications and may inaugurate the new field of cardio-osteology. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Role of contraction duration in inducing fast‐to‐slow contractile and metabolic protein and functional changes in engineered muscle
Authors: Khodabukus Alastair , Baehr Leslie M. , Bodine Sue C. , Baar Keith
Published: April 2015

The role of factors such as frequency, contraction duration and active time in the adaptation to chronic low‐frequency electrical stimulation (CLFS) is widely disputed. In this study we explore the ability of contraction duration (0.6, 6, 60, and 600 sec) to induce a fast‐to‐slow shift in engineered muscle while using a stimulation frequency of 10 Hz and keeping active time constant at 60%. We found that all contraction durations induced similar slowing of time‐to‐peak tension. Despite similar increases in total myosin heavy (MHC) levels with stimulation, increasing contraction duration resulted in progressive decreases in total fast myosin. With contraction durations of 60 and 600 sec, MHC IIx levels decreased and MHC IIa levels increased. All contraction durations resulted in fast‐to‐slow shifts in TnT and TnC but increased both fast and slow TnI levels. Half‐relaxation slowed to a greater extent with contraction durations of 60 and 600 sec despite similar changes in the calcium sequestering proteins calsequestrin and parvalbumin and the calcium uptake protein SERCA. All CLFS groups resulted in greater fatigue resistance than control. Similar increases in GLUT4, mitochondrial enzymes (SDH and ATPsynthase), the fatty acid transporter CPT‐1, and the metabolic regulators PGC‐1α and MEF2 were found with all contraction durations. However, the mitochondrial enzymes cytochrome C and citrate synthase were increased to greater levels with contraction durations of 60 and 600 sec. These results demonstrate that contraction duration plays a pivotal role in dictating the level of CLFS‐induced contractile and metabolic adaptations in tissue‐engineered skeletal muscle. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 2489–2497, 2015. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Physiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in resectable synchronous colorectal liver metastasis; An international multi‐center data analysis using LiverMetSurvey
Authors: Bonney Glenn K. , Coldham Chris , Adam Rene , Kaiser Gernot , Barroso Eduardo , Capussotti Lorenzo , Laurent Christophe , Verhoef Cees , Nuzzo Gennaro , Elias Dominique , Lapointe Real , Hubert Catherine , Lopez‐Ben Santiago , Krawczyk Marek , Mirza Darius F. ,   on behalf of the LiverMetSurvey International Registry Working Group
Published: April 2015

Background and objectives

The use of neo‐adjuvant chemotherapy in resectable synchronous liver metastasis is ill defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate neo‐adjuvant chemotherapy on outcomes following liver resection for synchronous CLM.

Methods

An analysis of a multi‐centric cohort from the LiverMetSurvey International Registry, who had undergone curative resections for synchronous CLM was undertaken. Patients who received neo‐adjuvant chemotherapy prior to liver surgery (group NAS; n = 693) were compared with those treated by surgery alone (group SG; n = 608). Baseline clinicopathological variables were compared. Predictors of overall (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) were subsequently identified.

Results

Clinicopathological comparison of the groups revealed a greater proportion of solitary metastasis in the SG compared to the NAS group (58.8% versus 38.4%; P < 0.001) therefore a separate analysis of solitary versus multi‐centric analysis was performed. N‐stage (>N1), number of metastasis (>3), serum CEA (>5ng/ml) and no adjuvant chemotherapy independently predicted poorer OS, while N‐stage (>N1), serum CEA (>5ng/ml) and no adjuvant chemotherapy independently predicted poorer DFS. Neo‐adjuvant chemotherapy did not independently affect outcome.

Conclusion

We present an analysis of a large multi‐center series of the role of neo‐adjuvant chemotherapy in resectable CLM and demonstrate no survival advantage in this setting. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:716–724. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Local Perspective on Cross‐Border Tourism. Russian Second Home Ownership in Eastern Finland
Authors: Honkanen Antti , Pitkänen Kati , Hall Michael C.
Published: April 2015

Russian purchase of second home properties in Finland has been the subject of heated national and local debate in the Finnish media. This study examines the attitudes of permanent and second home residents to Russian second homeowners in Savonlinna, Eastern Finland (N = 494). Three separate attitude groups were identified in relation to the effect of Russian second home owners in property prices; the Russians as an economic opportunity; and, the Russians as a threat. Negative attitudes were common, and it is possible that the relations between the Russian second homeowners and local residents will become more contested over time. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Absence of difference in survival between two distant breeding sites of greater snow geese
Authors: Souchay Guillaume , Gauthier Gilles , Lefebvre Josée , Pradel Roger
Published: April 2015

Adaptive management of harvested waterfowl requires accurate estimations of demographic parameters. These must also be representative of the targeted population. In the greater snow goose, all demographic parameters so far have been estimated from long‐term banding conducted at a single nesting colony in the Arctic, Bylot Island, where 15% of the population breeds. We used data from a second banding program conducted on Ellesmere Island, 800 km north of Bylot Island and near the northern limit of the breeding range, to compare adult survival between these 2 breeding sites over the period 2007–2011. This allowed us to determine the representativeness of demographic parameters estimated from the Bylot colony. We used a multi‐event capture‐recapture model combining recaptures, resightings of neckbanded birds, and recoveries on a seasonal basis, which allowed us to test specifically for differences in survival during the migration periods. Despite differences in migration distance (20% longer for Ellesmere Island) and environmental conditions, survival rate of birds from these 2 breeding sites were similar in all seasons. Annual survival ranged from 0.72 to 0.79. This apparent absence of a cost of migration on survival may be explained by the canalization hypothesis: variance in adult survival of the greater snow goose, a long‐lived species, caused by environmental factors may have been reduced because of selection pressure on this trait, which is closely linked to fitness. The absence of spatial variation in adult survival suggests that the extrapolation of survival parameters estimated from the Bylot Island colony to the entire population may be valid. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Charge Transport in Electrically Doped Amorphous Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Yoo Seung‐Jun , Kim Jang‐Joo
Published: April 2015

This article reviews recent progress on charge generation by doping and its influence on the carrier mobility in organic semiconductors (OSs). The doping induced charge generation efficiency is generally low in OSs which was explained by the integer charge transfer model and the hybrid charge transfer model. The ionized dopants formed by charge transfer between hosts and dopants can act as Coulomb traps for mobile charges, and the presence of Coulomb traps in OSs broadens the density of states (DOS) in doped organic films. The Coulomb traps strongly reduce the carrier hopping rate and thereby change the carrier mobility, which was confirmed by experiments in recent years. In order to fully understand the doping mechanism in OSs, further quantitative and systematic analyses of charge transport characteristics must be accomplished.

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Automated data evaluation and modelling of simultaneous 19F–1H medium‐resolution NMR spectra for online reaction monitoring
Authors: Zientek Nicolai , Laurain Clément , Meyer Klas , Paul Andrea , Engel Dirk , Guthausen Gisela , Kraume Matthias , Maiwald Michael
Published: April 2015

Medium‐resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MR‐NMR) currently develops to an important analytical tool for both quality control and process monitoring. In contrast to high‐resolution online NMR (HR‐NMR), MR‐NMR can be operated under rough environmental conditions. A continuous re‐circulating stream of reaction mixture from the reaction vessel to the NMR spectrometer enables a non‐invasive, volume integrating online analysis of reactants and products. Here, we investigate the esterification of 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol with acetic acid to 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl acetate both by 1H HR‐NMR (500 MHz) and 1H and 19F MR‐NMR (43 MHz) as a model system. The parallel online measurement is realised by splitting the flow, which allows the adjustment of quantitative and independent flow rates, both in the HR‐NMR probe as well as in the MR‐NMR probe, in addition to a fast bypass line back to the reactor. One of the fundamental acceptance criteria for online MR‐MNR spectroscopy is a robust data treatment and evaluation strategy with the potential for automation. The MR‐NMR spectra are treated by an automated baseline and phase correction using the minimum entropy method. The evaluation strategies comprise (i) direct integration, (ii) automated line fitting, (iii) indirect hard modelling (IHM) and (iv) partial least squares regression (PLS‐R). To assess the potential of these evaluation strategies for MR‐NMR, prediction results are compared with the line fitting data derived from the quantitative HR‐NMR spectroscopy. Although, superior results are obtained from both IHM and PLS‐R for 1H MR‐NMR, especially the latter demands for elaborate data pretreatment, whereas IHM models needed no previous alignment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New applications and perspectives of fast field cycling NMR relaxometry
Authors: Steele Rebecca M. , Korb Jean‐Pierre , Ferrante Gianni , Bubici Salvatore
Published: April 2015

The field cycling NMR relaxometry method (also known as fast field cycling (FFC) when instruments employing fast electrical switching of the magnetic field are used) allows determination of the spin‐lattice relaxation time (T1) continuously over five decades of Larmor frequency. The method can be exploited to observe the T1 frequency dependence of protons, as well as any other NMR‐sensitive nuclei, such as 2H, 13C, 31P, and 19F in a wide range of substances and materials. The information obtained is directly correlated with the physical/chemical properties of the compound and can be represented as a ‘nuclear magnetic resonance dispersion’ curve.

We present some recent academic and industrial applications showing the relevance of exploiting FFC NMR relaxometry in complex materials to study the molecular dynamics or, simply, for fingerprinting or quality control purposes. The basic nuclear magnetic resonance dispersion features are outlined in representative examples of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents, porous media, proteins, and food stuffs.

We will focus on the new directions and perspectives for the FFC technique. For instance, the introduction of the latest Wide Bore FFC NMR relaxometers allows probing, for the first time, of the dynamics of confined surface water contained in the macro‐pores of carbonate rock cores.

We also evidence the use of the latest field cycling technology with a new cryogen‐free variable‐field electromagnet, which enhances the range of available frequencies in the 2D T1–T2 correlation spectrum for separating oil and water in crude oil. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unraveling the structural features of organic aerosols by NMR spectroscopy: a review
Authors: Duarte Regina M. B. O. , Duarte Armando C.
Published: April 2015

Our limited understanding of the effect of organic aerosols (OAs) on the climate and human health is largely because of the vast array of formation processes and sources that produce a multitude of molecular structures and physical properties. The need to unravel the enormous complexity and heterogeneity of OAs and thus understand their effects on the climate and human health has led to the development of different off‐line methods based on the use of advanced analytical techniques. Within this context, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has become essential for acquiring detailed structural characterization of the complex natural organic matter contained in atmospheric aerosols. In this article, we present a critical review on the application of NMR spectroscopy in OAs (primary and secondary) studies, focusing mainly on the water‐soluble organic fraction, and how NMR has impacted our knowledge on atmospheric organic matter. A major emphasis is given on the wealth of chemical information that solid‐state and multi‐dimensional solution‐state NMR can provide, including the sources, formation pathways, seasonal, and regional characterization of atmospheric OAs. Finally, major challenges are discussed and recommendations for future research directions are proposed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comprehensive multiphase NMR: a promising technology to study plants in their native state
Authors: Wheeler Heather L. , Soong Ronald , Courtier‐Murias Denis , Botana Adolfo , Fortier‐Mcgill Blythe , Maas Werner E. , Fey Michael , Hutchins Howard , Krishnamurthy Sridevi , Kumar Rajeev , Monette Martine , Stronks Henry J. , Campbell Malcolm M. , Simpson Andre
Published: April 2015

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is arguably one the most powerful tools to study the interactions and molecular structure within plants. Traditionally, however, NMR has developed as two separate fields, one dealing with liquids and the other dealing with solids. Plants in their native state contain components that are soluble, swollen, and true solids. Here, a new form of NMR spectroscopy, developed in 2012, termed comprehensive multiphase (CMP)‐NMR is applied for plant analysis. The technology composes all aspects of solution, gel, and solid‐state NMR into a single NMR probe such that all components in all phases in native unaltered samples can be studied and differentiated in situ. The technology is evaluated using wild‐type Arabidopsis thaliana and the cellulose‐deficient mutant ectopic lignification1 (eli1) as examples. Using CMP‐NMR to study intact samples eliminated the bias introduced by extraction methods and enabled the acquisition of a more complete structural and metabolic profile; thus, CMP‐NMR revealed molecular differences between wild type (WT) and eli1 that could be overlooked by conventional methods. Methanol, fatty acids and/or lipids, glutamine, phenylalanine, starch, and nucleic acids were more abundant in eli1 than in WT. Pentaglycine was present in A. thaliana seedlings and more abundant in eli1 than in WT. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rethinking Visiting Friends and Relatives Mobilities
Authors: Janta Hania , Cohen Scott A. , Williams Allan M.
Published: April 2015

The increasing number of people leading more mobile lives, with spatially dispersed families, raises questions over how they maintain their family life and friendships and how this is shaped and shapes different forms of migration and different patterns of visiting friends and relatives (VFR). This paper develops an explanatory framework for conceptualising and analysing VFR mobilities, seeking to draw together threads from migration, mobilities, and tourism studies. In unpacking the notion of VFR, this paper understands VFR mobilities as being constituted of diverse practices and discusses five of the most important of these: social relationships, the provision of care, affirmations of identities and roots, maintenance of territorial rights, and leisure tourism. Although these five types of practices are considered sequentially in this paper, they are in practice often blurred and overlapping. The interweaving of these practices changes over time, as does the meaning and content of individual practices, reflecting changes in the duration of migration, life cycle stage, individual goals and values, and the broader sets of relationships with and social obligations to different kin and friends. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite and biphasic calcium phosphate using Ca(OH)2 and (NH4)H2PO4
Authors: Unabia Romnick , Piagola Joy Cristy , Guerrero John Robert , Vequizo Reynaldo , Gambe Jess , Odarve Majvell Kay , Sambo Bianca Rae
Published: April 2015

In this study, nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite and biphasic calcium phosphate prepared via wet chemical precipitation technique in an isolated N2 environment that utilizes calcium hydroxide and ammonium dihydrogenphosphate as main precursors, is presented. Formation of predominantly hydroxyapatite with increasing crystallinity from 39.6 to 88.3% with corresponding crystallite sizes of ∼20.6 and ∼46.6 nm were found for the as‐grown and the annealed powders, respectively. Partly phase transition of hydroxyapatite to β‐TCP phase forming biphasic calcium phosphate was observed in the 900 oC annealed powders. Aggregated structures with nanopores were depicted on the surface of the as‐grown sample while interconnected worm‐like structures with voids forming nanopores were found for the sample annealed at 900 oC. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Data mining‐based tag recommendation system: an overview
Authors: Vairavasundaram Subramaniyaswamy , Varadharajan Vijayakumar , Vairavasundaram Indragandhi , Ravi Logesh
Published: April 2015

The advent of high‐speed Internet connections has revolutionized the way research is being carried out to obtain relevant information. Conversely, retrieving pertinent information from the copious resources available is not only difficult but also time consuming. In the recent years, tagging activity has been perceived as a potential source of knowledge on personal preferences, interests, targets, goals, and other attributes. Tags allow users to effectively annotate resources using keywords to personalize their recommendations and organize the resources for easy retrieval. However, the preference of users varies extremely resulting in tagging being counterproductive. These shortcomings reduce the application of the tagging system for filtering as well as retrieval of information. The tag recommendation system becomes useful by suggesting a set of relevant keywords to annotate the resources. This paper presents a review of the tag recommendation systems and the constraints that affects the available tag recommendation systems. Furthermore, we propose the use of spreading activation algorithm to study the role of constructed topic ontology for efficient tag recommendations. This approach is founded on the assumption that tags that are recommended to the user are predicted from the extracted keywords from the existing blogs and the topics in constructed topic ontology. We have also proposed a tag classification system, namely Correlation‐based Feature Selection–Hybrid Genetic Algorithm and classifier HGA‐SVM (support vector machine), and have compared the results with results produced by other existing feature selection methods. The results obtained from the experiments have been presented. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2015, 5:87–112. doi: 10.1002/widm.1149

This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Web Mining

Technologies > Classification

Technologies > Computational Intelligence
l-sorbose is not only a substrate for 2-keto-l-gulonic acid production in the artificial microbial ecosystem of two strains mixed fermentation
Authors: Mandlaa  , Yang Weichao , Liu Chengbin , Xu Hui
Published: April 2015

The co-culture system of the fermentation process of vitamin C can be regarded as an artificial microbial ecosystem (AME). To extend our understanding of this AME, an investigation of the relationship between strains, substrate and product was carried out in this study. The results showed that both Ketogulonicigenium vulgare and 2-keto-l-gulonic acid (2-KLG, the precursor of vitamin C) can inhibit the growth of the helper strain, while the helper strain promoted the growth of K. vulgare and 2-KLG production. Moreover, l-sorbose is not only a substrate for 2-KLG production in the AME, but also a promoter of K. vulgare and an inhibitor of the helper strain. In the earlier stage of fermentation, the inhibition of l-sorbose on the helper strain’s growth is a key factor for ensuring an efficient fermentation. In the condition of adding the extra helper strain (OD: 0.57, ratio of inoculation: 2 %), the yields of 2-KLG is increased by 9 % in the 14 % l-sorbose medium. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about the inhibition of substrate in the AME of 2-KLG production.