bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Trial Evaluating the Effects of a Mannan Oligosaccharide in Milk Replacer on Health and Performance of Commercially Raised Dairy Calves
Authors: Nydam D. V. , Thomas M. J. , Capel M. C. , Warnick L. D.
Published: February 2023

Calves are faced with many health and performance challenges, and a common management strategy for minimizing animal welfare concerns and increasing performance is to add antibiotics such as neomycin and/or tetracycline to milk replacer. Some studies have suggested that calves prophylactically fed antibiotics have improved growth and decreased morbidity. However, use of antibiotics in cattle production is under increased public scrutiny due to concerns that such uses may promote the development of antimicrobial resistance. This is especially apparent in subtherapeutic feeding of antibiotics. Therefore, it is desirable to find alternatives to prophylactically fed antibiotics in calves. Some investigators have indicated that oligosaccharides may be able to replace antibiotics in milk replacer and achieve similar calf performance. Mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) contain yeast cell wall fragments that may competitively bind intestinal pathogens and stimulate antibody production. The goal of this study was to evaluate if commercially reared dairy replacement heifers receiving MOS had a difference in performance, morbidity and mortality, compared to those given antibiotics or no additive in their milk replacer.
Outcomes of Synchronization and Timed Insemination Coupled with Retained Ownership in a Commercial Beef Cattle Operation
Authors: Whittier W. Dee
Published: February 2023

GnRH-based estrous synchronization programs have allowed for outstanding success in getting cows pregnant with timed insemination (TAI). This technology allows pregnancy rates approximating those of natural service to a single insemination. The system minimizes the requirement for estrus detection with its attendant error rates and high demand for labor. The overall method allows producers to select semen from superior sires with known progeny performance to meet the outcomes that are most economical for their operations. These outcomes include traits that provide for desirable parturition outcomes, high rates of growth and feed efficiency, and the production of carcasses that are sold for a premium because they receive desirable quality and yield grades.

Retained ownership beef cattle production schemes are different from traditional beef cattle management approaches wherein calves change ownership from the cow/calf operation to the growing phase and finally to the finishing or feedlot phase. Retained ownership through the feedlot and then marketing finished cattle through a value-based program allows the cow/calf producer to be compensated for the actual value of the beef produced. Because most calf marketing schemes tend to value cattle based on industry averages, there is the potential to augment income through retained ownership if cattle have characteristics that result in performance and end-product that is superior to industry average.
Sample Handling Substantially Affects Johne's ELISA
Authors: Alinovi C. A. , Ward M. P. , Raizman E. A. , Lin T. L. , Wu C. C.
Published: February 2023

The Johne's enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is designed for rapid detection of antibody to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), the causative agent of Johne's disease in ruminants. However, there can be significant variation in ELISA values between wells, test kits and laboratories. The objective of the present study was to determine if sample handling could significantly affect ELISA values to MAP.
Association Between Reproduction and Preweaning Growth Traits and ELISA Scores for Paratuberculosis in an Angus-Brahman Multibreed Herd of Cattle
Authors: Elzo M. A. , Rae D. O. , Lanhart S. E. , Wasdin J. G. , Dixon W. P. , Jones J. L.
Published: February 2023

Genetic evaluation of animals for reproduction and production traits in beef cattle relies on models that account for environmental and genetic effects in the records used to perform computations. Records are assumed to come from healthy animals. This assumption is likely to be appropriate for acute or subacute infectious diseases that have short subclinical stages, where sick animals can be easily identified, and their records excluded from genetic evaluations. However, for chronic infectious diseases with long subclinical stages, it may be difficult to accurately identify sick animals. Their records are likely to be included in genetic evaluations, and losses in performance due to subclinical disease effects will not be accounted for.

One chronic incurable disease of cattle and other ruminants with subclinical stages that last for years is paratuberculosis. Paratuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). A commonly used serological test to detect subclinical para tuberculosis is ELISA. The purpose of ELISA is to detect antibodies against MAP in the serum of infected animals. This test is primarily a herd-screening tool, and can detect approximately 50% of infected animals. In spite of its low sensitivity, Elzo et al (2006) found significant associations between ELISA scores for paratuberculosis and several cow and calf traits in a multibreed herd of beef cattle. The next step was to evaluate these associations from a genetic evaluation perspective, i.e., to quantify the association between individual traits of interest and ELISA scores.

The objective of this research was to obtain regression estimates of gestation length (GL), calving interval (CI), time open (TO), weight change of cow (WC) from late November (pre-calving) to September (weaning), birth weight of calf (BW) and weaning weight of calf (WW) on ELISA scores for paratuberculosis in an Angus-Brahman multibreed herd of beef cattle.
Vermont's Two National Johne's Demonstration Herds
Authors: Rossiter-Burhans C. A. , Johnson T. E.
Published: February 2023

Vermont has two National Johne's Demonstration Herds which intend to show how customized on-farm control programs can target the appropriate risks in commercial dairies and be effective at reducing Johne's disease (JD) over the course of 2-4 years. The herd veterinarian, a facilitating veterinarian associated with the Vermont Cattle Health Improvement Project, and key management and employees regularly participate in the activities of these demonstration farms.
Effects of Rearing Practices that Restrict Antimicrobial Exposure in Feedlot Cattle on Antimicrobial Resistance in Enteric Bacteria
Authors: Morley Paul S. , Dargatz David A. , Hyatt Doreene R. , Dewell Grant A. , Patterson Gage , Wittum Thomas E.
Published: February 2023

The primary objective of this research was to evaluate differences in antimicrobial resistance among enteric bacteria recovered from feedlot cattle being raised without exposure to antimicrobial drugs (AMDs) and those reared using conventional practices. Forty-seven pens of feedlot cattle (6,347 total animals) produced with restricted antimicrobial drug exposure were purposefully selected for enrollment as were 48 pens of cattle (5,273 total animals) contemporaneously being fed for production of conventional beef products. Fecal samples were collected from the floors of pens throughout the feeding period and cultured to recover non-type-specific Escherichia coli (NTSEC) and Salmonella enterica. Isolates were evaluated for susceptibility to a panel of AMDs. Resistance among NTSEC isolates was most common to tetracycline, streptomycin and sulfamethoxazole, and slightly higher rates of resistance among NTSEC isolates were recovered from conventionally reared cattle. Recorded therapeuticAMD exposures had no detectable impact on the prevalence of resistance among NTSEC. While there were detectable temporal trends among NTSEC for resistance to tetracycline, naladixic acid, chloramphenicol and cephalothin, the direction of trends differed among drugs and were not associated with different rearing practices. Salmonella enterica was recovered rarely (0.73%), but at similar rates in cattle in both management groups. These findings suggest that conventional feedlot production methods (including parenteral and in-feed use of AMDs) do not predictably or uniformly increase the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among fecal NTSEC when compared to rearing methods used to produce branded "natural" beef products (i.e., beef products with a label certification that source cattle were not exposed to antimicrobial drugs).
Eimeria macusanuensis Infection in New World Camelids
Authors: Cebra Christopher
Published: February 2023

Eimeria macusanuensis is an important coccidian intestinal parasite of New World camelids. It may be the same parasite as E. camelli, a similar-appearing intestinal coccidian of Old World camels, but this has not been proven. Eimeria macusanuensis affects all ages of camelid, not just juveniles. Its contribution to illness may not be appreciated, since some camelids become sick up to two weeks before patent infections are detected in their herdmates. Gross lesions are often absent, and histological lesions can be so segmental that they are missed on routine necropsy.
Fluid Therapy in Small Ruminants
Authors: Navarre Christine B.
Published: February 2023

Methods for fluid therapy in adult and neonatal sheep, goats and camelids are presented, as well as catheters and key formulas. Fluid therapy regimes for common clinical situations, such as diarrhea and sepsis, are provided.
Burnout or Boredom?
Authors: Sonsthagen Teresa F.
Published: February 2023

Even the greatest job loses its attraction after awhile and you may start thinking about or even searching for a new job. Do you feel burned out, overworked and underpaid? It must be time to leave! Experts recommend that you think long and hard before quitting. In this presentation, we will discuss five areas to explore before moving to "greener" pastures.
Making Conflict Work for You
Authors: Sonsthagen Teresa
Published: February 2023

Some of us avoid it, some ofus relish it, what is it? Conflict! Learn to identify the different ways people respond to conflict using role playing and identifying the role each person plays.
Dehorning Dairy Calves to Minimize Pain
Authors: Duffield Todd
Published: February 2023

Dehorning dairy calves is a necessary practice that should be conducted as early as possible and with appropriate anesthetic/analgesia. With the possible exception of caustic paste, calves perceive and react to acute pain during dehorning when no local anesthetic is used. Additional analgesia has been shown to be beneficial in calves dehorned at or beyond eight weeks of age. A routine dehorning service conducted by trained technicians through a veterinary practice is one means of controlling dehorning protocols on-farm.
Dystocia
Authors: Navarre Christine B.
Published: February 2023

This presentation discusses dystocia in cattle. Dystocia can occur due to many factors, but fetal oversize and fetal malpositioning are most common. Fetal oversize may be suspected if there is a history of previous dystocias in the same herd. Fetal malpositioning is diagnosed on physical examination. There are many techniques available to manage dystocia, including caesarian section if necessary.
Evaluating a Novel ELISA for BVDV to Identify Circulating BVDV in Cattle Vaccinated with Killed BVDV Vaccines
Authors: Ramirez A. , Clothier K. A. , O'Connor A. M. , Roth J. A.
Published: February 2023

In these preliminary studies, this Ceditest® ELISA test has shown promise as a screening tool to detect BVDV circulation in an unvaccinated herd or a herd vaccinated with one of the killed BVDV vaccines tested here without the need for whole herd testing.
Effect of SRP Vaccine Against E.coli 0157 in Naturally Infected Feedlot Cattle
Authors: Fox J. T. , Thomson D. U. , Emery D. , Burkhardt D. , Drouillard J. S. , Nagaraja T. G.
Published: February 2023

The objective of the current experiment was to test the efficacy of the E.coli 0157 SRP vaccine in feedlot cattle naturally infected with E.coli 0157.
Case Report
Authors: Daly R. F. , Neiger R. D.
Published: February 2023

Salmonella infections are significant causes of illness in animals and humans. Immunosuppressive factors such as environmental stressors and infectious agents, such as BVD virus, may contribute to the expression of salmonellosis. This report describes an outbreak of salmonellosis in a beef herd associated with the presence of BVD-PI animals.
Attenuation of Acute Plasma Cortisol Response in Calves Following Intravenous Sodium Salicylate Administration Prior to Castration
Authors: Coetzee J. F. , Gehring R. , Bettenhausen A. C. , Lubbers B. V. , Toerber S. E.
Published: February 2023

Based on steer slaughter data from the National Agricultural Statistic Service (NASS) [1], more than 16 million bovine castrations are performed in the United States annually. The short term pain and distress inflicted by castration remain a major animal welfare concern for the beef cattle industry. However, the long term benefits of castration in the form of decreased aggression, improved carcass traits, and exclusion of genetically inferior animals make this a widespread animal husbandry practice. Research to investigate practical, effective methods for minimizing the pain and distress associated with castration is crucial to enhance the wellbeing of animals in production systems. Cortisol is widely used to measure stress since its response magnitude, duration and/or integrated response is reported to correspond with the predicted noxiousness of different procedures [2,3]. It has been shown that ketoprofen reduced plasma cortisol response to Burdizzo castration more effectively than local anesthetic or an epidural [2]. Intravenous ketoprofen, alone or in combination with local anesthesia, before surgery-cut castration was found to decrease the post-castration integrated cortisol response [3]Although not a specific indicator of pain, these studies support the use of plasma cortisol as a pharmacodynamic indicator of stress associated with castration. However, plasma analgesic drug concentrations and cortisol levels have never been concurrently evaluated in cattle post-castration.
Pilot Study to Evaluate Plasma Substance P and Cortisol Concentrations Following Castration in Beef Calves
Authors: Coetzee J. F. , Lubbers B. V. , White B. J. , Gehring R. , Thomson D. U. , Apley M. D.
Published: February 2023

Pain inflicted by castration is a major animal welfare concern in beef production. Plasma cortisol is commonly assessed in animal welfare research; however a more robust measurement of pain is needed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate plasma substance P (SP) and cortisol response following castration.
Effects of Removing Cows from Chronic Oxytocin Use During Lactation
Authors: Leone Will , Nydam D. V. , Welcome F. L. , Warnick L. D.
Published: February 2023

It is a relatively common practice on dairy farms to administer oxytocin i.m. to cows with poor milk let down at the time of milking. This practice is often perpetuated throughout a cow's lactation because of the fear that once a cow is started on oxytocin she will be so addicted that upon removal she will develop udder problems or drop considerably in milk production. Oxytocin is approved for use in milk let down but not labeled for use to increase production. If cows are started on oxytocin for poor let down but are kept on for fear of loss of production this could be construed as extra label use. The objective of this study was to test the effect of several different methods of removing cows from chronic oxytocin treatment during lactation.
Drug Residue Avoidance Practices in Dairy Cattle
Authors: Knust Barbara , Nelson Linda , Weddle-Scott Lori
Published: February 2023

Veterinary drugs are routinely used in the dairy industry. The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act specifically mentions veterinarians as individuals who could be responsible for illegal drug residues in edible animal products. Despite the laws and inspection activities by federal agencies, drug residues in animal products continue to cause public health concern. Of particular concern are culled dairy cows that are eventually sold for beef. Previous research has found the greatest level of drug residue violations in beef from cull dairy cows and bob veal in the United States. As part of the development of an overall educational program for dairy beef quality assurance, an industry-wide group wanted to assess the knowledge, practices and attitudes of bovine veterinarians and dairy producers concerning beef quality assurance, with particular emphasis on drug residue avoidance. Two survey instruments were developed for dairy producers and for veterinarians in order to identify effective methods for educational outreach
Description of the Spontaneous Development of Ketonemia in the Early Postpartum Period
Authors: Carrier J. , Godden S. , Fetrow J. , Rapnicki P.
Published: February 2023

Periparturient ketosis is highly prevalent in the dairy industry and has been associated with a number of health problems, especially displaced abomasum and fatty liver infiltration, as well as decreased productivity and decreased fertility. Despite the importance of ketosis, thorough descriptive studies of naturally occurring periparturient ketosis are lacking. The objective of this observational study was to provide a detailed description of the spontaneous development of ketonemia in Holstein dairy cows in their first two weeks of lactation and to describe the associations between serum beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) levels and other metabolites and milk production.
Use of Rumensin® Premix in Dairy Cows
Authors: Dubuc J. , DuTremblay D. , Brodeur M. , Bagg R. , Baril J. , DesCôteaux L.
Published: February 2023

Monensin premix (Rumensin® Premix, Elanco Animal Health, Canada) has been approved in Canada for use in lactating dairy cows since 2004 at a dose range of 8 to 24 ppm (7-22g per ton). Several studies have found that monensin increases milk production and decreases milk fat percentage in lactating dairy cows. Recent research has found that some dietary factors influence the monensin effect on milk production and milk fat percentage. To assist bovine practitioners in making recommendations about the use of monensin in dairy herds, there is a need for knowledge about those dietary factors influencing monensin effects. The objectives of this project were to evaluate the effects of 16 ppm (15g per ton) of monensin on milk production (PROD) and milk fat percentage (MFP), and to find dietary factors influencing those effects.
Evaluation and Use of an Automated Human β-hydroxybuturate (BHBA) Test for Cowside Detection of Subclinical Ketosis in Dairy Cattle
Authors: Heuwieser W. , Falkenberg U. , Iwersen M. , Voigtsberger R. , Padberg W.
Published: February 2023

Prevalence of subclinical ketosis in dairy herds ranges from 6.9% to 34%. Subclinical ketosis can lead to decreased milk production and reproductive performance, increased risk of displaced abomasum and clinical ketosis. The gold standard diagnostic test for subclinical ketosis is the measurement of BHBA in serum or plasma. Thresholds to distinguish between normal and ketotic cows range from 1000 to 1600 Qmol/1 of blood BHBA. Serum BHBA measurement is useful for examining individual cows and evaluating herd health. However, it is not convenient and is expensive for use as a routine cowside diagnostic test for the early detection of subclinical ketosis. Cowside diagnostic tests for ketosis (dipsticks or tablets) are based on the degree of color change. These tests can be used semi-quantitatively because the color change is more intense in the presence of higher levels of ketone bodies. Accuracy of the tests vary from test to test and from study to study. In human medicine electronic handheld blood glucose and ketone systems are used for diabetes monitoring. The objective of this study was to evaluate the precision and accuracy of an electronic BHBA measuring system (Abbot, Wiesbaden) for the use in dairy cattle.
Experiences with Free-access Acidified-milk Feeding in Ontario
Authors: Anderson Neil G.
Published: February 2023

Several Canadian producers have implemented an inexpensive free-access feeding system modeled on Finnish guidelines,18 using formic acid as a milk preservative. The system mimics natural suckling and permits group social behavior. It allows for accelerated growth and changes labor requirements for calf rearing. Anecdotally, producers report less clinical cases of diarrhea and use of drugs for rearing milk-fed calves and kids. Free-access feeding provides freedom from hunger - the best medicine for milk-fed calves and kids. This paper answers questions about and describes ways to set up the feeding system.
Killing with Kindness
Authors: Voogd Erika L.
Published: February 2023

The year 2008 found North America in a state of increased awareness regarding the humane treatment of animals, especially cattle destined for harvest. Of particular concern are the culled dairy cows and calves that are sent to auction markets and harvest plants. Practitioners, producers and slaughter establishments need to be aware of the criteria and expectations necessary to proactively address animal condition. This includes proactive management of on-farm facilities and care, timely cull, careful transport, immediate euthanasia of downed animals and the utilization of auditing criteria to measure results.
Effective Euthanasia of Cattle under Field Conditions
Authors: Shearer J. K.
Published: February 2023

Euthanasia of cattle under field conditions may be accomplished in a variety of ways. However, few of these methods are as humane as gunshot or penetrating captive bolt combined with either exsanguination, the rapid intravenous injection of a concentrated solution of potassium chloride or pithing of the brain and upper spinal cord. The proper application of either method meets the objectives of inducing immediate loss of consciousness and rapid death without pain or distress to the animal. Persons who perform this task must be technically proficient and have a basic understanding of the most appropriate anatomical landmarks and equipment (firearms or captive bolt) used for humane euthanasia of animals.

In the following are some comments relative to indications, application and moral responsibility for conducting humane euthanasia of sick and/or debilitated animals in farm, ranch or other situations where veterinary supervision may, or may not be, available.
Review
Authors: Hanzlicek Gregg A. , White Brad J. , Spire Mark F.
Published: February 2023

Pre-weaning calf health continues to be an important factor in the profitability of beef-cattle operations. Dystocia, diarrhea and pneumonia are the most common syndromes reported as contributing to calfhood disease. Risk factors for preweaning morbidity and mortality include age of dam, environmental temperature at birth, period of birth-time within the calving season, and cow/calf population density. Because calves are born agammaglobunemic, passive transfer provided by colostrum consumption continues to be important. Total immunoglobulin absorption is controlled by colostrum lgG concentration, the amount consumed, and the amount of time elapsing from birth to ingestion. Neonatal diarrhea and calf pneumonia can occur at different calf ages, with pneumonia occurring over a longer calf-age range; therefore, management for pneumonia must concentrate on the entire birth-to-weaning time period. A challenge in stimulating immunity to respiratory pathogens is selecting the appropriate vaccine at the most likely time to generate a protective response. Stimulation of active immunity in calves is somewhat dependent on colostrum quality and quantity consumed, the pathogen protected against, and the time period when maternal antibodies decrease to non-interference levels may be unique for each calf. Neutralizing antibody measures suggest that calves vaccinated in the presence of high maternal antibodies do not mount an immune response. However, some studies suggest vaccination, in the presence of maternal antibodies, results in a response not measurable by neutralizing antibodies, but nonetheless protective against clinical illness. The objective of this paper is to describe risk factors and control measures for pre-weaning diseases specifically focused on pneumonia.
Management of Dystocia in Camelids
Authors: Tibary A. , Rodriguez J. S. , Anouassi A. , Walker P.
Published: February 2023

Dystocia is the most common emergency in camelid practice. The aim of the present paper is to review the most important clinical features of normal parturition and to discuss obstetrical situations in camelids and their non-surgical and surgical management, including prepartum and term uterine torsion. This clinical review includes both Old and New World camelids.
Survey of Bovine Castration Methods and Management Practices
Authors: Coetzee J. F. , Nutsch A. , Bradburn R. M. , Renter D. G. , Thomson D. U. , Apley M. D.
Published: February 2023

The results of this survey provide insight into current bovine castration and management practices in the US.
Effects of Concurrent Chlortetracycline Mass Medication with Tulathromycin Metaphylaxis on Health and Performance of High-Risk Cattle
Authors: Wallace J. O. , Reinhardt C. D. , Thomson D. U. , Blasi D. A.
Published: February 2023

The use of metaphylaxis on arrival has been shown to decrease morbidity due to bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) in newly received, high-risk stocker cattle. The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of mass medication with chlortetracycline concurrently with metaphylactic treatment using tulathromycin on the health and performance of high-risk cattle.
Validation of an Analytical Method by Headspace Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization and Evaluation of Matrix Effect of Volatile Compounds in Cat Food
Authors: Carvalho Bruno , dos Santos Patrícia , da Silva Geovane , Senes Carlos , Visentainer Jesuí , Santos Oscar
Published: February 2023

This study describes the validation of a headspace gas chromatography with flame ionization (HS-GC-FID) method for the determination of propanal, pentanal, hexanal, octanal, and trans-2-nonenal originated by lipid oxidation from cat food samples, as well as the evaluation of the matrix effect in the results. This method was applied to the analysis of commercial cat food and proved to be suitable for the determination of these volatile compounds in different samples. Mean recoveries between 88 and 109% were obtained and repeatability expressed as relative standard deviation was always lower than 6.95%. The intra- and inter-assay precisions ranged from 0.44 to 20.88% and from 0.45 to 20.52%, respectively. In addition, the matrix effect of cat food samples was determined by comparing the slopes of the standard addition method, and the external calibration curve and its influences were verified. These results highlight the high potential of this method, which allows the determination of lipid oxidation products in cat food samples directly, without requiring prior sample preparation techniques.
Decarbonisation options of existing thermal power plant burning natural gas
Authors: Linkevics Olegs , Grebesa Polina , Andersons Janis , Mezulis Ansis
Published: February 2023

Nowadays power industry faces deepest crises ever with unprecedented prices shocks and climate challenges at the same time. From one hand we realise the need of energy transformation of power industry towards more sustainable future with climate neutral technologies. From the other hand it become obvious that this change could not happen immediately and transition period is needed with some fossil fuel technology still playing an important role as a back-up for renewable energy sources. The biggest question what is the best and cost-efficient way to decarbonise existing thermal power generation. We try to address it on the example of existing combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power plant fuelled by natural gas. Clearly the following possible options were identified: 1) replacement of natural gas with alternative gases, such as green hydrogen, bio or synthetic methane, 2) carbon capture and underground storage (CCS) in geological formations, 3) carbon capture, liquefaction and export, 4) carbon capture and utilisation (CCU). US giant General Electric in its publication “Decarbonizing gas turbines through carbon capture” is considering similar options for decarbonising of gas turbines. They divide it into two approaches: 1) pre-combustion by using a zero or carbon neutral fuels, such as hydrogen, synthetic methane, biofuels or ammonia and 2) post-combustion by removing carbon from the plant exhaust, using liquid or solid sorbents or oxy-fuel cycles. In this publication we try to compare these different options, despite they are not clearly comparable. For the analysis we take natural gas fired CCGT plant Riga TPP-2 in Latvia with installed capacity of 881 MW (in condensing mode).
Integrin α3 Mediates Stemness and Invasion of Glioblastoma by Regulating
POU3F2
Authors: Yao Junchao , Wang Leilei
Published: February 2023

Background:

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor. Integrins have been implicated in the malignancy of GBM. A recent study demonstrated that integrin α3 (ITGA3) promoted the invasion of breast cancer cells by regulating transcriptional factor POU3F2. However, whether this also happened in GBM remained unknown.

Methods:

Therefore, we explored the relationship between ITGA3 and POU3F2 in GBM. We measured the expression of ITGA3 and POU3F2 in GBM tissues. We generated ITGA3 knockdown and POU3F2 knockdown GBM U87MG cells and the proliferation, migration and invasion, the expression of stemness markers and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were measured. We transplanted ITGA3 knockdown and POU3F2 knockdown GBM U87MG cells into mice. The mice were treated with anti-ITGA3 antibody. The tumor sizes, the expression of stemness markers and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were measured.

Results:

Both ITGA3 and POU3F2 were upregulated in GBM tissues. Knocking down ITGA3 resulted in reduced expression of POU3F2. Knocking down ITGA3 and POU3F2 suppressed U87MG cells proliferation, migration and invasion, inhibited the expression of stemness markers and prevented epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. The transplantation of ITGA3 knockdown and POU3F2 knockdown U87MG cells decreased tumor size.

Conclusion:

Anti-ITGA3 antibody treatment reduced the tumor size. ITGA3 regulates stemness and invasion of glioblastoma through POU3F2.
Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, and Analysis of
EGFR-derived Peptides against the EGF
Authors: Ghasemali Samaneh , Farajnia Safar , Nazari Atefeh , Bargahi Nasrin , Mohammadinasr Mina
Published: February 2023

Background:

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a member of the tyrosine kinase
receptor family known as ErbB. The EGFR signaling pathway is an important regulator of cell proliferation,
differentiation, division, and survival, as well as cancer development in humans. Epidermal growth
factor, betacellulin, amphiregulin, transforming growth factor and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor
are high-affinity ligands of EGFR.

Objective:

Tumor progression can be effectively prevented by inhibiting EGF/EGFR interactions. In this
study, many anti-EGF peptides targeting EGFR binding regions were designed, modeled, and evaluated.
After selecting the peptides with the highest binding energy to the EGF, the interactions between the candidate
peptides and all of the key EGFR ligands were investigated.

Methods:

To identify an EGF-binding peptide capable of blocking EGFR-EGF interactions, large-scale
peptide mutation screening was performed. Using the AntiCP server, several possible peptides with anticancer
properties were identified. The ClusPro analysis was performed in order to analyze the interactions
between EGF and all of the library peptides. A total of five peptides with favorable docking scores were
identified. The stability of three peptides with the best docking scores in complex with EGF was verified,
applying molecular dynamics simulation with the help of the GROMACS software package. Finally, the
interaction of candidate peptides with transforming growth factor-alpha, heparin-binding EGF-like
growth factor, and betacellulin was investigated using the ClusPro server.

Results:

After the screening of modeled peptides by the ClusPro server and GROMACS software, two
anti-EGF peptides of Pep4 and Pep5 with 31 residues were developed. Then, we demonstrate that both of
these peptides can bind to the other high-affinity ligands of EGFR and block TGFA/EGFR,
HBEGF/EGFR, and BTC/EGFR interactions.

Conclusion:

The findings suggest novel insights for developing therapies based on peptides for inhibiting
the EGF, TGFA, HBEGF, and BTC signaling cascade in cancer cells. Pep4 and Pep5 designed in this
work, are recommended as potentially promising anticancer peptides for further experimental evaluation.
A Fistulized Giant Duodenal Stromal Tumor in a Young Patient: A Case Report
With Literature Review for Tomographic Diagnosis
Authors: Kilickap Gulsum
Published: February 2023

Background:

Duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of periampullary region pathologies.

Case Report:

A 24-year-old male patient applied to the general surgery department with the complaint of long-standing abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting after meals, and 8-10 kg weight loss in 1 month. Three-phase dynamic abdominopelvic CT showed that the 1st and the 2nd segments of the duodenum were dilated. At this level, a peripherally intensely contrasted heterogeneous mass lesion, 91x70x46 mm in size, was observed. There was oral contrast and air values in the center of the mass. A fistulized mass connected with the duodenal wall was considered in the differential diagnosis. In the surgical exploration, a soft, vascularized mass fistulized to the 2nd segment of the duodenum was observed. Pathological diagnosis was reported as GIST.

Conclusion:

GISTs arise from the precursors of Cajal Interstitial cells of the gastrointestinal tract. Contrast-enhanced CT is the preferred diagnostic method for staging, risk stratification, and follow-up. We presented a young case with a giant duodenal GIST and discussed differential diagnosis and some diagnostic properties.
Trimming and Decontamination of Metagenomic Data can Significantly
Impact Assembly and Binning Metrics, Phylogenomic and Functional
Analysis
Authors: Whitham Jason M. , Grunden Amy M.
Published: February 2023

Background:

Investigators using metagenomic sequencing to study microbiomes often
trim and decontaminate reads without knowing their effect on downstream analyses.

Objective:

This study was designed to evaluate the impacts JGI trimming and decontamination procedures
have on assembly and binning metrics, placement of MAGs into species trees, and functional
profiles of MAGs extracted from complex rhizosphere metagenomes, as well as how more aggressive
trimming impacts these binning metrics.

Methods:

Twenty-three Miscanthus x giganteus rhizosphere metagenomes were subjected to different
combinations and thresholds of force, kmer, and quality trimming and decontamination using BBDuk.
Reads were assembled and binned in KBase. Phylogenomic and statistical analyses were applied to
evaluate the effects of trimming and decontamination on downstream analyses.

Results:

We found that JGI trimmed and decontaminated reads had significant impacts on assembly
and binning metrics compared to raw reads, including significantly higher total contig counts, more
contigs greater than 10k bp in length, and larger total lengths of raw assemblies compared to QC assemblies,
and 2.0% lower average contamination of QC MAGs compared to raw MAGs. We also
found that differences in the placement of MAGs in species trees increased with decreasing completeness
and contamination thresholds. Furthermore, aggressive trimming (Q20) was found to significantly
reduce MAG counts.

Conclusion:

Trimming and decontamination of metagenomics reads prior to assembly can change an
investigator’s answer to the questions, “Who is there and what are they doing?” However, mild trimming
and decontamination of metagenomic reads with high-quality scores are recommended for removing
sample processing and sequencing artifacts.
Right Ventricular Dysfunction and Exercise Impairment in Patients with
Heart Failure, Insulin Resistance, and Diabetes Mellitus: Insights from the
T.O.S.CA. Registry (Cardiovascular Diabetology 2022)
Authors: Lisco Giuseppe , Triggiani Domenico
Published: February 2023

Background:

Insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) are known to affect
the progression of chronic heart failure (CHF), but little evidence exists about the impact of IR and T2D
on right ventricular dysfunction and exercise tolerance.

:

Insights from the T.O.S.C.A. Registry: Echocardiographic hallmarks and cardiopulmonary exercise test
(CPET) results were evaluated at baseline and after an average time of 36 months. T2D patients exhibited
a greater intraventricular septum (IVS) thickness (11 ± 2 mm, 10 ± 2 mm, 10 ± 2 mm, in T2D, IR, and
EU, respectively; p<.05) and LV wall thickness (0.34 ± 0.1, 0.32 ± 0.1, and 0.32 ± 0.1, in T2D, IR, and
EU, respectively; p<.05). Moreover, T2D patients exhibited worse LV filling dynamics with larger left
atrial volume index compared to IR and EU. Right ventricle dysfunction, expressed as a lower
TAPSE/PASP ratio, was found in T2D [0.52(0.32–0.72)] than in EU and IR [0.60(0.30–0.90); p<.05].
T2D patients showed a significantly lower VO2 max peak when compared to IR and EU patients (15.8
± 3.8 vs. 16.5 ± 4.3 vs. 18.4 ± 4.3 ml/Kg/min; p<.003), with an inverse relationship between the HOMAIR
classes and VO2 max. Right ventricle structure and function deteriorated more rapidly in T2D, as
suggested by more relevant deterioration in TAPSE/PASP ratio (-10% in EU patients, -14% in IR patients,
-21% in T2D; p<.05).

Commentary:

The study findings suggest that the right ventricle structure, function, and cardiopulmonary
performance deteriorate with IR and, more evidently, due to chronic exposure to hyperglycemia in
T2D. Impaired exercise tolerance, poor cardiorespiratory fitness, diastolic dysfunction, and left atrial
enlargement predispose patients to poor quality of life, suboptimal adherence to physical activity, and an
overall increase in the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. In addition, chronic hyperglycemia
accelerates the progression of these alterations, especially in patients with poor glycemic control over
time. Highly selective and even more non-selective sodium glucose transporter type 2 inhibitors and
glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists should be considered as the first-line therapy for improving
CV outcomes in T2D and CHF. Further studies are needed to understand the role of these molecules in
treating pre-clinical conditions, such as IR and metabolic syndrome.
Case Report: A Migrating Stitch in a Crohn’s Disease Patient
Authors: Abenavoli Ludovico , Spagnuolo Rocco , Corea Alessandro , Boccuto Luigi , Gambardella Marialuisa , Procopio Anna Caterina , Luzza Francesco
Published: February 2023

Background:

More than half of Crohn’s disease (CD) patients undergo one or more surgical interventions during their lifetime. The main surgical indications for CD are fistulas and stenosis and other emergency conditions such as megacolon and perforation. The risk of CD recurrence at the surgery site is high.

Case Presentation:

Here, we report the case of a migrating suture stitch that moved from the abdomen
to the subcutaneous tissue of the thigh in a CD patient having undergone intestinal surgery
years before.

Results:

To the best of our knowledge, there are no previously reported cases of migrating stitches, especially in CD. However, CD is a disease at high risk of surgery due to its clinical characteristics and complications.

Conclusion:

In the most doubtful cases, it is advisable to co-operate in a multidisciplinary perspective to provide the patient with the best management.
Sericin: From Cocoons as a Raw Material to Cosmetics
Authors: Gholap Anjali , Radhalakshmi Yalagalawadi Channaiah , Das Brojeswari , Rangi Abhilasha , Rastogi Rachna
Published: February 2023

Background:

Sericin is a hydrophilic and adhesive protein that provides structural integrity to
the silkworm cocoon.

Objective:

The study aimed to develop sericin isolated from Indian BV mulberry silk cocoons as a cosmetic
raw material and study its sensory impact.

Methods:

Sericin was isolated using high-temperature and high-pressure techniques without the use of
chemicals. Native and hydrolyzed sericin were studied for suitability in cosmetic formulations. Lastly,
their safety was established using a primary irritation patch test in twenty-four healthy volunteers, and the
impact of sericin on skin care formulation was studied.

Results:

Both native and hydrolyzed sericin were studied for their application in personal care products.
Native sericin was difficult to process due to its gelling behavior. Hydrolyzed sericin was readily formulated
in skin lotion and was found to be stable for 3 months under accelerated conditions. Sericin and its
formulations did not cause any skin irritation and were found to be well-tolerated. Formulation with
0.01% w/w hydrolyzed sericin was best accepted among the panelists.

Conclusion:

The study establishes the use of sericin isolated from mulberry silkworms as a sensory enhancer
for skin care applications.
Implementasi Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh Menggunakan Microsoft Teams Dimasa Pandemi Covid-19 pada Mata Pelajaran Dasar-Dasar Konstruksi Bangunan dan Teknik Pengukuran Tanah Kelas X DPIB Semester Gasal Tahun Ajaran 2021/2022 di SMK Negeri 2 Wonogiri
Authors: Haryanto Lilik , Murti Maricha Husada
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi pembelajaran jarak jauh menggunakan Microsoft Teams dimasa pandemi covid-19 pada mata pelajaran Dasar-Dasar Konstruksi Bangunan dan Teknik Pengukuran Tanah kelas X DPIB semester gasal tahun ajaran 2021/2022 di SMK Negeri 2 Wonogiri. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data terdiri dari kuesioner, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis data statistik deskriptif kuantitatif.            Hasil penelitian: (1) kesiapan guru masuk dalam kategori “Baik” dengan skor rerata 93; (2) kesiapan siswa masuk dalam kategori “Hampir Baik” dengan skor rerata 75; (3) kesiapan sarana dan prasarana yang menunjang guru dan siswa masuk dalam kategori “Baik” dengan skor rerata 95 untuk guru dan masuk dalam kategori “Hampir Baik” dengan skor rerata 75 untuk siswa; (4) perencanaan pembelajaran masuk dalam kategori “Baik” dengan skor rerata 96 untuk guru dan masuk dalam kategori “Hampir Baik” dengan skor rerata 80 untuk siswa; (5) pelaksanaan pembelajaran masuk dalam kategori “Baik” dengan skor rerata 88 untuk guru dan masuk dalam kategori “Hampir Baik” dengan skor rerata 77 untuk siswa; (6) evaluasi pembelajaran masuk dalam kategori “Hampir Baik” dengan skor rerata 70 untuk guru dan 77 untuk siswa.
The Analytical Effects of a Hydrostatic Pressure on the Ground State Energy of GaAs Quantum Dot at Low-Temperature: Algebraic Method
Authors: Nammas F. S.  , Hasan Eyad Hasan
Published: February 2023

This analytical study focused on discussing the collective effects of hydrostatic pressure and temperature on the ground state energy for two electrons trapped in GaAs parabolic quantum dot in the presence of a magnetic field using the effective mass approximation. The electronic interaction was approximated by the Johnson--Payne potential model, where its parameters were carefully chosen to match the Coulomb interaction. It is noted that the ground state energy decreases with an increment in pressure while it increases linearly slightly with increasing temperature. As is customary, it was found that ground state energy decreases with increasing dot size and reach its bulk value as the dot becomes wider. Among the most prominent notes related to this study were as follows: (i) The largest contribution to the total ground state energy is caused by the relative motion since the effect of pressure on this part is more pronounced than the part of the center of mass that often does not feel the presence of pressure. (ii) Ground state energy shows temperature insensitivity while pressure exerts a tangible effect on the ground state energy in the strong magnetic field confinement. (iii) The effect of temperature on the ground state energy is always the opposite of the pressure effect. (iv) With regard to the increase in pressure, it was found that it reduces the electron separation (r), therefore the ground state energy decreases in the presence of the harmonic interaction that is directly proportional to the square of r, but compared to previous works mentioned in the literature, energy showed increased behavior because Coulomb's interaction is inversely proportional to the electron separation. (v) In the region of weak confinement (R>a_B*), the effect of pressure on ground state energy becomes neglected, while this effect becomes noticeable in the region of strong confinement (R<a_B*). Keywords: Quantum Dots, Hydrostatic Pressure, Harmonic e-e Interaction.
Growth of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) on silicon carbide substrates by the physical vapor transport method
Authors: Mokhov E. N.  , Davydov V. Yu.  , Smirnov A. N.  , Nagaluk S. S.
Published: February 2023

The possibility of growing hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) of high structural perfection on hexagonal silicon carbide (SiC) substrates using the physical vapor transport method is demonstrated. The results obtained indicate that this method is promising for the formation of large-area high-quality hBN/SiC heterostructures in the course of one technological process, which have a high potential for device applications. Keywords: hexagonal boron nitride, high-temperature sublimation from the gas phase, Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence.
Spin-dependent tunneling in a double quantum dot in the "slow" evolution regime
Authors: Khomitsky D. V.  , Zaprudnov N. A.
Published: February 2023

The tunneling and spin dynamics is studied for the hole states in a GaAs-based double quantum dot in the presence of strong spin-orbit coupling and periodic electric field. The regimes of tunneling with the spin flip are considered for the "slow" evolution when the field frequency is lower than the other energy parameters of the stationary part of the Hamiltonian. It is found that the under such conditions the spin flip tunneling may take place at both resonant and non-resonant regimes with respect to the Zeeman level splitting. In the latter case the driving frequency may be lower compared to the resonance one, and the system dynamics resembles the Landau-Zener-Stuckelberg-Majorana interference effects arising during the dynamic level passage in isolated quantum dots. Keywords: double quantum dot, spin-orbit interaction, Zeeman splitting, tunneling, electric dipole spin resonance.
Compensation effect of growth of the lifetime of charged carriers in semiconductors at a magnetic field
Authors: Muratov T.T.
Published: February 2023

The condition of regulation of increasing of carrier lifetime by recombination processes in semiconductors at low temperatures (1-10) K and classical "strong" magnetic fields (3·102-3·104) Gs are analyzed. The values of carrier concentrations (1010-1014) cm-3 correspond to conditions of manifestation as cascade as resonant capture. It is indicated on necessarily to take into account of scattering of electrons on acoustic phonons along with electron-electron collisions, by it cascade capture on cuolomb centers. As showed (on the basis of concrete estimates) namely scattering on acoustic phonons at cascade capture, stabilities of lifetime and controls of dynamics it increases in the presence of "strong" magnetic field. Keywords: effective coefficient of capture, cascade capture, recombination, classical "strong" magnetic field, "shallow" acoustic phonons, electron-electron collisions, lifetime.