bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Bayesian generating function approach to adverse drug reaction screening
Authors: Northardt Tom
Published: January 2024

Determining causality of an adverse drug reaction (ADR) requires a multifactor assessment. The classic Naranjo algorithm is still the dominant assessment tool used to determine causality. But, in spite of its effectiveness, the Naranjo algorithm is manually intensive and impractical for assessing very many ADRs and drug combinations. Thus, over the years, many “automated” algorithms have been developed in an attempt to determine causality. By-and-large, these algorithms are either regression-based or Bayesian. In general, the automatic algorithms have several major drawbacks that preclude fully automated causality assessment. Therefore, signal detection (or causality screening) plays a role in a “first pass” of large ADR databases to limit the number of ADR/drug combinations a skilled human further assesses. In this work a Bayesian signal detector based on analytic combinatorics is developed from a point of view commonly adopted by engineers in the field of radar and sonar signal processing. The algorithm developed herein addresses the commonly encountered issues of misreported data and unreported data. In the framework of signal processing, misreported ADRs are identified as “clutter” (unwanted data) and unreported ADRs are identified as “missed detections”. Including the aforementioned parameters provides a more complete probabilistic description of ADR data.
Study on the genetic variability and adaptability of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) genotypes for development of desirable cultivars
Authors: Alam Md. Ashraful , Roy Srabanti , Rahman Md. Atikur , Islam Md. Riazul , Rahman Md. Mushfiqur , Obaidullah Abu Jafor , Farid Md. Nasirul , Rahman Md. Marufur , Islam Md. Rafiqul , Mozumder Shailendra Nath , Almalki Riyadh S. , Gaber Ahmed , Hossain Akbar
Published: January 2024

Turmeric, a globally cultivated spice, holds significance in medicine, and cosmetics, and is also a very popular ingredient in South Asian cuisine. A study involving 53 turmeric genotypes evaluated for rhizome yield and related traits at Spices Research Center, Bogura, Bangladesh over three years (2019–22). A randomized complete block design was followed with two replications. ANOVA revealed significant trait variations among genotypes. Genotype T0015 emerged as the highest yielder at 28.04 t/ha. High heritability (0.58–0.99) and genetic advance characterized plant height (PH), mother rhizome weight (WMR), primary and secondary finger weights (WPF and WSF), and yield per plant (YPP) across seasons. Genetic gain (GG) was prominent in these traits. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficient variations (GCV and PCV) (6.24–89.46 and 8.18–90.88, respectively) across three years highlighted mother rhizome weight’s importance followed by numbers of primary finger (NPF), and WPF. Positive and significant correlations, especially with PH, WMR, WPF, and YPP, emphasized their relevance to fresh yield (FY). Multiple linear regression identified PH, number of mother rhizome (NMR) and WMR as key contributors, explaining 37–79% of FY variability. Cluster analysis grouped genotypes into five clusters with maximum distance observed between clusters II and III. The geometric adaptability index (GAI) assessed adaptability and superiority, revealing nine genotypes outperforming the best existing cultivar. Genotype T0117 as the top performer based on GAI, followed by T0103 and T0094. Mean rank analysis favoured T0121 as the best performer, succeeded by T0117, T0082 and T0106. The top ten genotypes (T0015, T0061, T0082, T0085, T0094, T0103, T0106, T0117, T0121 and T0129) were identified as superior based on yield and overall ranking, warranting further evaluation. These findings may induce a window for improving turmeric research and ultimately play a role in enhancing its cultivation and productivity.
Implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs: A study of prescribers’ perspective of facilitators and barriers
Authors: Chukwu Emelda E. , Abuh Dennis , Idigbe Ifeoma E. , Osuolale Kazeem A. , Chuka-Ebene Vivian , Awoderu Oluwatoyin , Audu Rosemary A. , Ogunsola Folasade T.
Published: January 2024

Background

Despite promising signs of the benefits associated with Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs), there remains limited knowledge on how to implement ASPs in peculiar settings for a more elaborate impact. This study explored prescriber experiences and perceptions of the usefulness, and feasibility of strategies employed for the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions as well as challenges encountered.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional mixed-method survey of prescribers’ perspective of the facilitators and barriers of implementing ASP. The quantitative approach comprised of a semi-structured questionnaire and data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 26 while the qualitative approach used focus group discussions followed by content analysis.

Results

Out of the thirty people that participated in the workshop, twenty-five completed the questionnaires which were analyzed. The respondents included 15 (60.0%) medical doctors and 10 (40.0%) pharmacists. The mean age of the respondents was 36.39±7.23 years with mean year of practice of 9.48±6.01 years. Majority of them (84.0%) were in a position to provide input on the implementation of AMS in their facilities, although their managements had the final decision. The pharmacists (100%) were more likely to agree that antibiotic resistance was a problem for their practice than the medical doctors (78.6%) while equal number (80.0%) of respondents (pharmacists and medical doctors) believed that inappropriate prescribing was a problem. Having a specialized and dedicated team with effective monitoring was recognized as crucial for effective ASP while inadequate personnel was identified as a major barrier. We identified stakeholder’s engagement, policies and regulation, as well as education as themes for improving AMS in the country.

Conclusion

The results gave insight into the prescribers’ perspective on the facilitators and barriers to antimicrobial stewardship; challenges and possible solutions to implementing ASPs in health facilities in Lagos State. We further identified pertinent contextual factors that need to be addressed when developing ASPs in healthcare facilities in a resource-poor setting.
Primary care quality for older adults: Practice-based quality measures derived from a RAND/UCLA appropriateness method study
Authors: Correia Rebecca H. , Dash Darly , Jones Aaron , Vanstone Meredith , Aryal Komal , Siu Henry Yu-Hin , Gopaul Aquila , Costa Andrew P.
Published: January 2024

We established consensus on practice-based metrics that characterize quality of care for older primary care patients and can be examined using secondary health administrative data. We conducted a two-round RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method (RAM) study and recruited 10 Canadian clinicians and researchers with expertise relevant to the primary care of elderly patients. Informed by a literature review, the first RAM round evaluated the appropriateness and importance of candidate quality measures in an online questionnaire. Technical definitions were developed for each endorsed indicator to specify how the indicator could be operationalized using health administrative data. In a virtual synchronous meeting, the expert panel offered feedback on the technical specifications for the endorsed indicators. Panelists then completed a second (final) questionnaire to rate each indicator and corresponding technical definition on the same criteria (appropriateness and importance). We used statistical integration to combine technical expert panelists’ judgements and content analysis of open-ended survey responses. Our literature search and internal screening resulted in 61 practice-based quality indicators for rating. We developed technical definitions for indicators endorsed in the first questionnaire (n = 55). Following the virtual synchronous meeting and second questionnaire, we achieved consensus on 12 practice-based quality measures across four Priority Topics in Care of the Elderly. The endorsed indicators provide a framework to characterize practice- and population-level encounters of family physicians delivering care to older patients and will offer insights into the outcomes of their care provision. This study presented a case of soliciting expert feedback to develop measurable practice-based quality indicators that can be examined using administrative data to understand quality of care within population-based data holdings. Future work will refine and operationalize the technical definitions established through this process to examine primary care provision for older adults in a particular context (Ontario, Canada).
Nigeria’s Digital Diaspora: Citizen Media, Democracy and Participation, Farooq A. Kperogi (2020)
Authors: Musa Muhammed
Published: January 2024

Review of: Nigeria’s Digital Diaspora: Citizen Media, Democracy and Participation, Farooq A. Kperogi (2020)

Rochester: University of Rochester Press, 312 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-58046-982-1, h/bk, USD 98.48
Caminhos de Ferro: Geografia, Património e Turismo
Authors: Carvalho Paulo
Published: January 2024

Os caminhos de ferro configuram uma oferta cada vez mais diversificada e abrangente que permite levar os viajantes não apenas a lugares mágicos, mas também, tantas vezes, transportá-los no tempo, para apreciar algumas das paisagens mais impressionantes do mundo, experienciar composições de época, conhecer coleções ou bens da atividade ferroviária, participar de eventos ferroviários e, até, realizar atividades ao ar livre em antigos canais ferroviários que foram requalificados para vias verdes.
Esta obra convida-nos a uma viagem a esse universo surpreendente e misterioso, através de um olhar geográfico, com base em revisão de literatura científica da especialidade e investigação de campo, que enfatiza os caminhos de ferro enquanto atrações de relevância patrimonial e turística, quer no plano internacional, quer no caso de Portugal.
Trata-se de uma temática que tem vindo a afirmar-se no contexto do lazer e do turismo, e para a qual ainda é evidente um escasso número de publicações em língua portuguesa.
Effect of biofilm formation in a hostile oxidative stress environment on the survival of Campylobacter jejuni recovered from poultry in Iraqi markets
Authors: Kanaan Manal H. G.
Published: January 2024

Background and Aim: Campylobacter jejuni is a major contributor to bacterial enteritis, a common health problem. The resistance of this microaerophilic bacterium to oxidative stress allows it to thrive under aerobic conditions. This study aimed to investigate whether the capacity of C. jejuni to form biofilms in the presence of oxidative stress contributes to the pathogen’s ability to thrive in agricultural settings as well as in chicken slaughter lines.

Materials and Methods: Twenty identified strains originating from chicken samples (eight from caeca contents and 12 from frozen chicken carcasses) were previously isolated and identified according to standard bacteriological protocols, followed by confirmation at the species level using multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay. Crystal violet staining was used to evaluate biofilm formation by these bacteria. Two exposure periods to gaseous ozone (1 and 2 min) were used to assess resistance to oxidative damage.

Results: Most of the strong biofilm-forming Campylobacter strains came from imported frozen chicken meat (25%), whereas only 10% came from caeca content. After exposure to gaseous ozone at 600 mg/h for 2 min, strong biofilm-producing strains exhibited a higher survival rate with a limited reduction of up to 3 logs, whereas negative biofilm-producing strains exhibited a limited survival rate with a reduction of 6 logs.

Conclusion: Based on our findings, we hypothesized that the presence of C. jejuni strains capable of forming biofilms in poultry farms and/or chicken production facilities triggers a public health alarm as this bacterium seems to be able to adapt more easily to live and thrive in hostile environmental conditions.

Keywords: biofilm, Campylobacter jejuni, hostile environment, oxidative stress, poultry meat.
Antidiabetic efficacy of sea fish oil in ameliorating hyperglycaemia
by enhancing FFAR1, GLP-1 and inhibiting DPP-4 signalling in the pancreatic
tissues of high lipid diet and streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats
Authors: Pyne Shrabanti , Mandal Meghamala , Das Sanjay , Bhowmick Supriya , Das Koushik , Rao J. Sreenavasa , Laha Jayasree
Published: January 2024

Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid are n-3 fatty acids
that are highly available in sea-fishes. Many studies have revealed that
n-3 fatty acids play antidiabetic activity. In this study antidiabetic
activity of the three sea fishes oils, ‘volavetki’ (Panna microdon, Bleeker
1849), ‘ruli’ (Coilia dussumieri, Valenciennes 1848), and ‘tapra’
(Opisthopterus tardoore, Cuvier 1829), as well as three fresh-water fishes
oils, ‘bata’ (Labeo bata, Hamilton 1822), ‘folui’ (Opisthopterus tardoore,
Cuvier 1829), and ‘mourala’ (Amblypharyngodon mola, Hamilton 1822)
evaluated high lipid diet (HLD) and STZ-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus
(T2DM) rats. The GC-MS analysis revealed high n-3 fatty acid content in
volavetki oil. Supplementation of sea-fish oils and antidiabetic effect was
monitored by fasting plasma blood glucose and HbA1c. Also, insulin,
c-peptide, glucagon-like peptide-1, dipeptidyl peptidase-4, free fatty acid
receptor 1, glucokinase, glucose-6 phosphatase, superoxide dismutase,
glutathione peroxidase, catalase, malondialdehyde, plasma total
cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, triglycerides, high density
lipoprotein, c-reactive protein, total protein, alkaline phosphatase, and
histopathology of pancreatic tissues were evaluated. Out of six fish oils,
oral supplementation with volavetki oil resulted in significant reduction
of plasma blood glucose, HbA1c of T2DM rat. All other parameters in T2DM
rats were returned to near normally by treatment of volavetki oil. These
findings strongly indicate that volavetki oil possess antidiabetic
activity.
Analysis the Unpowered Freewheeling Propeller Impact in Quadcopter for Energy Harvesting Process
Authors: Balraj Siranthini
Published: January 2024

This research investigates the impact of freewheeling propellers in the Quadcopter for the purpose of harvesting energy. The main part of the Quadcopter is the propeller. In the arm of the Quadcopter, if the Unpowered freewheeling propeller is connected along with the main propeller at the time of Energy Harvesting (EH) process, the induced-flow caused by both propellers may interfere with the Quadcopter’s aerodynamics. Consideration of the aerodynamic point of view to place the freewheeling propeller at a particular distance and place from the main propeller is very important. In this study, in terms of propeller diameter, two different types of freewheeling propeller designs are taken to investigation: Case 1- same size propellers and Case 2- different size propellers. Three distances between the main and freewheeling propellers are defined using the primary test setup as 8, 10, and 12 cm are taken to the software analyses using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) ANSYS 18.1 / FLUENT simulation. The propeller airflow characteristics of pressure, force, and velocity variation between both cases are analysed using the graphical contour representation and measured values. The CFD simulation result showed that, Case 2-different size propellers got better force variation compared with the Case1-Same size propellers and 10 cm distance between the propellers in both the Cases seems good results compared with the other distances of 8 cm and 12 cm. This is an interesting design feature that can be used to locate the freewheeling propeller in the Quadcopter for Energy Harvesting purposes
A Comparative Investigation of Random Forest Regression and Artificial Neural Networks for Predicting Crack Growth Life of a Fighter Aircraft Wing Joint Under Spectrum Loading
Authors: YÜCE Zafer , YAYLA Paşa , TAŞKIN Alev
Published: January 2024

Estimating fatigue life is challenging due to the input parameters’ statistical natures, such as the manufacturing process, scatter of service loads, microstructure, etc. Regarding fatigue life calculation in the aerospace industry, the importance of an accurate estimation becomes more critical due to strict safety, certification, service costs, and competitiveness regulations. The ability of soft computing methods to reveal complex relationships between multiple parameters and their computational speed could help predict fatigue life, especially in the service. This study compares random forest regression and artificial neural network methods to estimate the crack growth life of a fighter jet aircraft wing joint in terms of their computational time and accuracy. In addition, permutation feature importance and hyper parameter optimisation studies are conducted to extract essential features, investigate their effects on estimation performance, and fine-tune model parameters. The analysed joint is made of 7050-T7451 aluminium, widely used as a structural element in the aerospace industry. Since a hole is one of the major sources of stress concentration, and there may be many holes involved in any engineering structure, it is reasonable to assume that fatigue cracks may initiate at some of these holes during the service life of engineering structures. The crack type considered is a thru-crack around a hole, which is more severe than a corner crack. Load spectra are derived using the Fighter Aircraft Loading Standard for Fatigue (FALSTAFF) to calculate crack growth life. Considering particular service load conditions, ninety different spectra are developed, and the crack growth life of the joint is calculated based on linear elastic fracture mechanics correspondingly. Also, to simulate the worst-case scenario, friction between members and the retardation effect of load spectra are not considered when calculating crack growth life. Python’s Tensor Flow and Scikit-learn libraries are utilised to build machine learning models......
Human Error Management in Aviation Maintenance using Hybrid FMEA with a Novel Fuzzy Approach
Authors: Bohrey Om Prakash , Chatpalliwar A S
Published: January 2024

Human errors significantly contribute to aviation accidents during aircraft maintenance. Therefore, managing human errors becomes a critical aspect of aviation maintenance. The existing literature has extensively analysed human errors. However, there is a gap in accurately identifying and prioritising critical human errors and effectively managing them to reduce incidents and accidents. This research work proposes a novel fuzzy approach for human error analysis using a hybrid FMEA with Fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS. We identified inadequate maintenance processes, attention/memory, inadequate documentation, inadequate supervision, judgement/decision-making, and knowledge/rule base as some of the critical human errors in aircraft maintenance. Based on these findings, we recommended practically implementable solutions at the organisational, workspace, and individual levels to mitigate human errors in aircraft maintenance.
Urgensi Penyelamatan Informasi Arsip Kearstitekturan dan Kartografi Eks PSTA BATAN Dalam Masa Transisi Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional
Authors: Indrawardani Ken Fitria , Kamajati Dhatu , Wijaya Allen Relyan , Rokhmat Miftahu
Published: January 2024

Arsip vital eks Pusat Sains dan Teknologi Akselerator (PSTA) Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional atau BATAN merupakan salah satu arsip dinamis yang teridentifikasi oleh Tim Layanan Arsip Kawasan Multi Unit Kerja Yogyakarta Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN) sejak terbitnya Peraturan Presiden (PERPRES) tentang Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional No 78 Tahun 2021 mengenai peleburan dari beberapa entitas seperti Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional (BATAN), Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT), Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI), Lembaga Antariksa dan Penerbangan (LAPAN) dan Kementerian Riset dan Teknologi (Kemenristek). Perhatian khusus diperlukan terhadap pengelolaan fisik dan informasi arsip vital eks PSTA BATAN yang sebagian teridentifikasi dalam kondisi rusak. Terdapat 375 nomor arsip vital eks PSTA BATAN yang telah teridentifikasi dan merupakan arsip kearsitekturan dan kartografi dengan media konvensional kertas. Dari data didapatkan 15% arsip dalam kondisi rusak sebagian hingga tidak baik dan 85% masih dalam kondisi baik. Dokumen ini secara seluruhnya merupakan arsip milik eks PSTA BATAN. Alih media merupakan salah satu upaya dalam pemeliharaan arsip yang biasanya dilakukan untuk mencegah kerusakan fisik yang nantinya akan berpengaruh pada hilangnya sebagian informasi yang terdapat pada arsip kearsitekturan dan kartografi tersebut. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kebutuhan dan upaya penyusunan langkah strategis dalam rangkaian kegiatan penyelamatan informasi arsip. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan analitik, yaitu suatu penelitian yang berusaha menjawab permasalahan yang ada berdasarkan data-data. Data yang didapat merupakan hasil identifikasi terhadap keseluruhan arsip kearsitekturan dan kartografi. Hasil penelitian ini merujuk pada adanya rekomendasi mengenai urgensi langkah strategis yang dapat diambil yaitu dalam penyusunan program penyelamatan informasi arsip kearsitekturan dan kartografi dengan didukung dengan penguatan kompetensi SDM pengelola dan perangkat yang digunakan dan penyusunan Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP).
Programming Religious Education in Secondary Schools at Catechetical Congresses in the Kingdom of Poland in the First Decade of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Ceglarek Roman
Published: January 2024

The subject of the article is the issue of developing a uniform religious education curriculum for secondary schools in the Kingdom of Poland. These activities were shown in connection with catechetical congresses of school prefects in the first decade of the 20th century in the Russian partition. These meetings became an opportunity to exchange ideas on the concepts of future religious education curricula and an attempt to develop a common version of the curriculum for the entire Kingdom of Poland. The main sources that were researched are materials from catechetical congresses of school prefects from that period, as well as framework and detailed curricula defining the content of religious teaching addressed to junior high school students.
Validation of a tailored gravity field model for precise quasigeoid modelling over selected sites in Cameroon and South Africa
Authors: Odera Patroba Achola , Apeh Ojima Isaac , Yap Loudi , Mphuthi Matthews Siphiwe
Published: January 2024

In this study, a tailored gravity-field model is developed to fit and recover local terrestrial gravity data by integrating gravity from global gravity-field models, residual gravity derived from topographic data and observed terrestrial gravity over two study sites in Africa (Cameroon and South Africa). During the modelling phase, two-thirds of the terrestrial gravity data is utilised, reserving the remaining one-third for validation purposes. Additionally, an independent validation is conducted by comparing computed quasigeoid models (derived from tailored gravity data) with height anomalies from GPS/levelling data over the two study sites. The accuracy of the tailored gravity model in reproducing observed gravity data is noteworthy, with a ±8.9 mGal accuracy for the study site in South Africa at 2867 test points and a ±10.4 mGal accuracy for the study site in Cameroon at 637 test points. Comparing height anomalies from GPS/levelling with the SATGQG quasigeoid model (developed from tailored gravity data) and the recent CDSM09A quasigeoid model at 11 GPS/levelling data points reveals comparable accuracies of ±0.10 m and ±0.05 m, for SATGQG and CDSM09A, respectively for the site in South Africa. For the Cameroon site, the differences between height anomalies from GPS/levelling and the CTGQG quasigeoid model (developed from tailored gravity data), along with the recent CGM20 quasigeoid model at 38 GPS/levelling data points, show practically equal accuracies of ±0.15 m for CTGQG and ±0.11 m for CGM20. These findings underscore the potential of tailored gravity-field model in developing accurate quasigeoid models, particularly in regions with limited gravity data coverage. This approach holds promise for gravity recovery and precise geoid modelling in developing countries and regions with insufficient coverage of terrestrial gravity data.
The impact of innovation and digitalization on the quality of higher education: A study of selected universities in Uzbekistan
Authors: Abdurashidova Marina , Balbaa Muhammad Eid , Nematov Sherzod , Mukhiddinov Zayniddin , Nasriddinov Ilhom
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the impact of innovation and digitalization on the quality of higher education at Tashkent State Technical University (TSTU) in Uzbekistan. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through a well-structured questionnaire from 300 participants, including students, faculty members, and administrative staff. The results demonstrate a strong positive perception among respondents regarding the influence of digital technologies on educational quality, with 83% acknowledging their positive impact. In addition, 72% reported having access to beneficial digital resources, while 68% perceived TSTU as an innovative institution. The study concludes that digital technologies play a significant role in enhancing the quality of higher education at TSTU, promoting a dynamic learning environment and improved student engagement.
Sensitivity of antenatal ultrasound in diagnosing posterior placenta accreta spectrum disorders
Authors: Dellapiana Gabriela , Mok Thalia , Platt Lawrence D. , Silverman Neil S. , Han Christina S. , Esakoff Tania F.
Published: January 2024

Objectives

Optimal management of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) requires antenatal diagnosis. We sought to evaluate the sensitivity of ultrasound findings suggestive of PAS in detecting posterior PAS.

Methods

Cohort study of patients with posterior placentation and pathology-confirmed PAS from 2011 to 2020 at a tertiary center. Patients were excluded if ultrasound images were unavailable. Ultrasounds were reviewed for presence of lacunae, hypervascularity, myometrial thinning, loss of the hypoechoic zone, bridging vessels, abnormal uterine serosa–bladder interface, placental bulge, placental extension into/beyond the myometrium, and an exophytic mass. Risk factors, postpartum outcomes, and ultrasound findings were compared by antepartum suspicion for PAS. Sensitivity was calculated for each ultrasound finding.

Results

Thirty-three patients were included. PAS was not suspected antenatally in 70 % (23/33). Patients with unsuspected PAS were more likely to be non-Hispanic, have in vitro fertilization, no prior Cesarean deliveries, no placenta previa, and delivered later in gestation. Depth of invasion and estimated blood loss were less for unsuspected PAS, but there was no difference in hysterectomy between groups. Ultrasound findings were less frequently seen in those who were not suspected antenatally: lacunae 17.4 vs. 100 % (p<0.001), hypervascularity 8.7 vs. 80 % (p<0.001), myometrial thinning 4.4 vs. 70 % (p<0.001), and placental bridging vessels 0 vs. 60 % (p<0.001). There was poor sensitivity (0–42.4 %) for all findings.

Conclusions

Posterior PAS is less likely to be detected antenatally due to a lower sensitivity of typical ultrasound findings in the setting of a posterior placenta. Further studies are needed to better identify reliable markers of posterior PAS.
Low sidelobe silicon optical phased array with Chebyshev amplitude distribution
Authors: Zhao Shi , Lian Daixin , Li Wenlei , Chen Jingye , Dai Daoxin , Shi Yaocheng
Published: January 2024

We propose and demonstrate a silicon photonic optical phased array (OPA) with ultra-low sidelobe level. The arbitrary ratio power splitters (ARPSs) are introduced to manipulate the amplitude distribution between different channels and suppress the sidelobe level. A 32-channel OPA has been designed and demonstrated with the amplitude distribution determined by preferred Chebyshev method. The experimental results indicate that the sidelobe suppression ratio (SLSR) can be up to 25.3 dB. The measured field of view (FOV) is 84° × 13° with divergence of 2.8° × 1.7°. Furthermore, the frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) based ranging has been also demonstrated experimentally by utilizing the OPA as the transmitter.
The complexity of non-seriousness: a case study of a (mock?) mock impolite utterance
Authors: O’Driscoll Jim
Published: January 2024

This paper addresses the issue of verbal behaviour which, being neither markedly polite nor markedly impolite nor simply politic, is interpersonally ambivalent. It focuses on what are known as mock impolite utterances (in which a positive attitude to the addressee(s) masquerades as a negative one). Through the detailed analysis of one attested utterance, it shows that apparently non-serious utterances of this kind can be more than simply the opposite of their surface realisations, that they can contain within them varying degrees of ‘seriousness’, so that interpretation of them is not just a binary matter of serious versus non-serious. It proceeds to propose that we can go some way to capturing this complexity by recognising that (non)seriousness operates on at least two dimensions – the affective and the propositional – and moreover that the precise degree of (non)seriousness of an utterance on each dimension is independent of the other. Two further examples are briefly examined to illustrate this variability.
The Impact of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage on Various Cycling Performance Metrics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Devantier-Thomas Baily , Deakin Glen B. , Crowther Fiona , Schumann Moritz , Doma Kenji
Published: January 2024

Devantier-Thomas, B, Deakin, GB, Crowther, F, Schumann, M, and Doma, K. The impact of exercise-induced muscle damage on various cycling performance metrics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 38(8): 1509–1525, 2024—This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the impact of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) on cycling performance. The primary outcome measure was cycling performance, whereas secondary outcome measures included creatine kinase (CK), delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and muscular contractions. Data were extracted and quantified through forest plots to report on the standardized mean difference and p values. The meta-analysis showed no significant change in oxygen consumption at 24–48 hours (p > 0.05) after the muscle damage protocol, although ventilation and rating of perceived exertion significantly increased (p < 0.05) during submaximal cycling protocols. Peak power output during both sprint and incremental cycling performance was significantly reduced (p < 0.05), but time-trial and distance-trial performance showed no change (p > 0.05). Measures of CK and DOMS were significantly increased (p < 0.05), whereas muscular force was significantly reduced following the muscle-damaging protocols (p < 0.05), confirming that cycling performance was assessed during periods of EIMD. This systematic review showed that EIMD affected both maximal and submaximal cycling performance. Therefore, coaches should consider the effect of EIMD on cycling performance when implementing unaccustomed exercise into a cycling program. Careful consideration should be taken to ensure that additional training does not impair performance and endurance adaptation.
Dose-Response Relationship for External Workload and Neuromsuclar Performance Over a Female, Collegiate, Basketball Season
Authors: Philipp Nicolas M. , Cabarkapa Dimitrije , Blackburn Stryder D. , Fry Andrew C.
Published: January 2024

Philipp, NM, Cabarkapa, D, Blackburn, SD, and Fry, AC. Dose-response relationship for external workload and neuromsuclar performance over a female, collegiate, basketball season. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2023—The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between external workload exposure and changes in countermovement jump force-time characteristics over the course of an entire basketball season, in a sample of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I, female, basketball players. Data for 12 players were retrospectively analyzed, with external workload being quantified by means of an exponentially weighted, acute, and chronic workload, as well as an acute:chronic workload ratio derived from an inertial measurement unit–based system worn by athletes for all practices and games during the regular season. Countermovement jumps were performed on a total of 26 test days over the span of the in-season competitive period. To statistically analyze these relationships, and to account for multiple observations of the same athletes in a data set, linear mixed-effects models with athlete identity (ID) intercept as the random effect were used. Study findings suggested that associations between external workload exposure and respective force-time characteristics after controlling for the random effect of athlete ID were dependent on the specific metric or metric subgroup used, as well as the type of workload exposure (e.g., acute vs. chronic). Force-time signatures from the braking phase (e.g., average braking force) seemed to be particularly associated with higher degrees of acute workload exposure, whereas strategy-based metrics such as countermovement depth showed significant associations with chronic workload exposure. Furthermore, model results suggested the importance of analyzing neuromuscular responses to external workload on an individual basis, rather than across an entire team. Findings might help practitioners in their selection process related to metrics of interest in monitoring neuromuscular fatigue and readiness.
An Evaluation of ASTM Standards for Implementation of Ground Penetrating Radar for Pavement and Bridge Deck Evaluations
Authors: Spears Macy , Hedjazi Saman , Taheri Hossein
Published: January 2024

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a common nondestructive evaluation technique that operates with electromagnetic energy (EM) to detect objects and anomalies in a material’s subsurface. GPR is an effective method for civil engineering applications for the assessment of structures and roadways specifically for pavement and bridge deck condition assessment. While surveying with GPR is straightforward, requirements differ depending on the testing objective, and interpretation of the results can pose some challenges. Fortunately, the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) provides a standard set of suggestions for the utilization of GPR, which include general information and recommendations for operating GPR systems and analyzing the output for different purposes. However, reaching a full comprehensive understanding of each standard may require some additional knowledge. This paper focuses on three separate ASTM standards that are related to GPR implementations. These standards include the following: ASTM D6432-19, Standard Guide for Using the Surface Ground Penetrating Radar Method for Subsurface Investigation; ASTM D4748-10(2020), Standard Test Method for Determining the Thickness of Bound Pavement Layers Using Short-Pulse Radar; and ASTM D6087-22, Standard Test Method for Evaluating Asphalt-Covered Concrete Bridge Decks Using Ground Penetrating Radar. After a review and assessment of these three standards, an analysis is presented to discuss the applications, contemplations, and limitations of the standards.
A Semi-supervised Pipeline for Accurate Neuron Segmentation with Fewer Ground Truth Labels
Authors: Baker Casey M. , Gong Yiyang
Published: January 2024

Recent advancements in two-photon calcium imaging have enabled scientists to record the activity of thousands of neurons with cellular resolution. This scope of data collection is crucial to understanding the next generation of neuroscience questions, but analyzing these large recordings requires automated methods for neuron segmentation. Supervised methods for neuron segmentation achieve state of-the-art accuracy and speed but currently require large amounts of manually generated ground truth training labels. We reduced the required number of training labels by designing a semi-supervised pipeline. Our pipeline used neural network ensembling to generate pseudolabels to train a single shallow U-Net. We tested our method on three publicly available datasets and compared our performance to three widely used segmentation methods. Our method outperformed other methods when trained on a small number of ground truth labels and could achieve state-of-the-art accuracy after training on approximately a quarter of the number of ground truth labels as supervised methods. When trained on many ground truth labels, our pipeline attained higher accuracy than that of state-of-the-art methods. Overall, our work will help researchers accurately process large neural recordings while minimizing the time and effort needed to generate manual labels.
Cellular mechanisms of incretin hormone secretion
Authors: Santos-Hernández Marta , Reimann Frank , Gribble Fiona M
Published: January 2024

Enteroendocrine cells located along the gastrointestinal epithelium sense different nutrients/luminal contents that trigger the secretion of a variety of gut hormones with different roles in glucose homeostasis and appetite regulation. The incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are involved in the regulation of insulin secretion, appetite, food intake and body weight after their nutrient-induced secretion from the gut. GLP-1 mimetics have been developed and used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Modulating the release of endogenous intestinal hormones may be a promising approach for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes without surgery. For that reason, current understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying intestinal hormone secretion will be the focus of this review. The mechanisms controlling hormone secretion depend on the nature of the stimulus, involving a variety of signalling pathways including ion channels, nutrient transporters and G-protein-coupled receptors.
The Arden Grating Test of Visual Function
Authors: Feeley Helen Kalish
Published: January 2024

In the absence of detectable pathol­ogy, the optometrist must ascertain why a reading of 6/6 Snellen is not achieved. A new, inexpensive and simple test has been developed for this purpose, useful even with illiter­ates. An explanation of the test, some of its applications and drawbacks, plus comparison with other, currently used tests is presented.
The Use of Contact Lenses in Swimming and Scuba Diving
Authors: Hoelting C , Egan D J , Bennett E S
Published: January 2024

The ametropic swimmer or scuba diver is at a disadvantage when engaging in these sports. This paper addresses some aspects of the problem, and offers some solutions as to the use of contact lenses: the effect of a wet environment on the physical properties of rigid and flexible materials, and how fitting characteristics may be affected; the pros and cons of both rigid and flexible contact lenses in swimming with and without goggles and masks; the professional person's advice in the above sporting activities when contact lenses are desired.
Invitro Anticoccidial Effect of Fractions of Chromolaena Odorata Extract on Sporulating Eimeria Tenalla Oocysts
Authors: Chime Samuel C , Agu Augustine U
Published: January 2024

Coccidiosis is an important cause of digestive system disorders in birds, especially the poultry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in-vitro anticoccidial effects of the different fractions of Chromolaena odorata extracts on sporulated Eimeria tenella oocysts. Sporulation inhibition bioassay was used to evaluate the activity of crude methanol fraction of Chromolaena odorata extracts; n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol fractions of Chromolaena odorata on sporulation of Eimeria tenella, which was used to cause coccidiosis. in the birds following oral inoculation of experimental broiler birds with oocysts. Post-mortem examination of dead birds showed lesions consistent with Eimeria tenella. The fractions of the Chromolaena odorata were examined for the oocysticidal activities. Amprolium an anticoccidial drug was used as control. The fractions were used in 4 doses: 0 mg/ml; 0.1 mg/ml; 0.2 mg/ml and 0.4 mg/ml. The control drug was used in corresponding doses. The highest oocysticidal activity of tested plant extracts and fractions was recorded. The n-hexane fraction of Chromolaena odorata gave the highest oocysticidal activity. This oocysticidal activity was noticed at lower concentrations but activity was found to be dose-dependent. The highest oocysticidal activity for the n-hexane fraction of Chromolaena odorata was at 65.67±2.08%. Amprolium showed no oocysticidal activity at all concentrations. However, other fractions of the Chromolaena odorata showed different levels of oocysticidal activities. The methanol fractions were secondary to the n-hexane while the ethyl acetate was the least.  In conclusion, this study provides the basis for using Chromolaena odorata, especially the n-hexane fraction as preventive agents against coccidiosis and suggests their use as a feed additive in the control of coccidiosis.
Image-to-Video Retrieval by ResNet50
Authors: Pornpanomchai Chomtip
Published: January 2024

The objective of this research is to create a computer system which can retrieve a video clip by using only a single image. The developed system is called “Image-to-Video Retrieval System (I2VRS)”. The system employs the convolutional neural networks called “ResNet50”, which is a toolbox in MATLAB software to retrieve the video clip dataset.  The ResNet50 is one of the powerful CNN to recognize an image in the image processing technique. The I2VRS creates its own dataset called I2VRS dataset, which consists of 101 video clips and each video clip contains 1,000 video frames.  All video clips are filmed around 60 s. each in the .MP4 file-format.  The system also tests an un-training dataset with 100 images, which are directly taken with a mobile phone in the .JPEG file-format.  The mean average precision (mAP) of the system is 0.9825, with the training dataset time being 5,668.7 s.  The average access time to retrieve a video clip is 1.5726 s. per image.
Opportunities of Arts Education in Implementing Inclusive Education: Learning Experiences of Teachers in the International Context
Authors: Strakšienė Diana , Musneckienė Edita
Published: January 2024

The article analyzes the relevance of arts education and teachers’ professional development while implementing inclusive education. The background for this article is an evaluation of an international in-service teachers’ training program focusing on inclusive arts education. This study aims to investigate what inclusive education means to arts teachers and reveal their learning experiences in the international training program “Inclusive Arts Education”. The qualitative research was conducted using the focus group method with international training program participants from three different European countries (Finland, Austria and Lithuania). The study involved 25 participants: 7 from Finland, 7 from Austria and 11 from Lithuania. The research has shown that in each country arts teachers work in different national and educational contexts but face quite similar challenges of inclusive education. The success of inclusive art education mainly depends on the teacher’s professional abilities and attitude towards inclusion, as well as the creation of a favourable educational atmosphere and positive relationships with students in the educational process. The experience of the research participants highlighted their attitudes to the content and organization of international training, which will help to develop continuing education programs for arts teachers’ preparation for inclusive arts education.
CHALCOGENIDE GLASSES: STRUCTURAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of NAS of Ukraine, Popovych M.V.
Published: January 2024

Structural properties of chalcogenide glasses mainly on the example of binary As-S(Se) and Ge-S(Se) systems and ternary Ge-As-S(Se) systems, structural models, parameters of short range order of glasses obtained using diffraction methods, EXAFS and Raman spectroscopy are considered. Raman spectra of binary As-S(Se) and Ge-S(Se) systems and ternary Ge-As-S(Se) systems, structural models that are used for interpretation of Raman spectroscopy results are considered. Optical properties of chalcogenide glasses and optical absorption edge in binary and multicomponent systems are discussed. The refractive index and its wavelength dependence, other optical properties are among important parameters that determine the suitability of materials as optical media. Refractive and absorption indexes, optical band gap of chalcogenide glasses can be changed by doping of different elements. The results suggest a combined effect of chemical ordering and topological in such glasses (parameters dependence on average coordination number, composition, nanophase separation, etc.). Importance of study of interrelation of structural and physico- chemical properties is stated. As frequently pointed out by various researchers, chalcogenide glasses are promising materials for various applications because they are transparent over a wide range of wavelengths in the infrared region, they possess high linear and non-linear refractive indices, number of photoinduced effects, low phonon energies and are easy to fabricate. Applications of chalcogenide glasses cover wide range, among them: IR optics, recording and storage of information, xerography, thermoplastic and holographic media, inorganic resists, optical filters, diffraction optical elements, non-linear elements, fiber and integrated optics, etc. Composition-structure-properties correlations are convenient to tailor the physical, optical and other properties of chalcogenide glasses and provide an important reference for the further development of new chalcogenide glasses taking into account their possible applications.