bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Campaign Medals of Indonesia
Authors: Zakharov Anton
Published: April 2022

The orders, decorations and medals of Indonesia are bit a mystery for scholars and even collectors. Indonesia proclaimed its Independence on August 17, 1945. Since that date, the Indonesian government has elaborated a full-fledged awards system. The last important amendments took place in 2009 when the Law No. 20 “About the titles, medals and decorations” was signed by the then President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 20 Tahun 2009 tentang Gelar, Tanda Jasa, dan Tanda Kehormatan). Currently there are fourteen orders (bintang) and over thirty medals (satyalancana) in the Indonesian awards system. Several orders and medals became obsolete. In total, there are about fifty governmental medals in the history of Indonesia since Independence. But if one adds classes of several service medals, the count ever increases. My paper examines the campaign medals of the Republic of Indonesia. Those are The Seven Paths or Faithful Warrior Medal (Satyalancana Saptamarga), The First and Second Independence Wars Medals (Satyalancana-Satyalancana Peristiwa/ Satyalancana Perang Kemerdekaan kesatu dan kedua), The Campaign Medals I—VII (Satyalancana-Satyalancana Gerakan Operasi MiliterI—VII), The Pioneer of the Independence Movement Medal (Satyalancana Perintis Pergerakan Kemerdekaan), The Faithful Service or Satya Dharma Medal (Satyalancana Satya Dharma), The Courage or Wira Dharma Medal (Satyalancana Wira Dharma), The Defender Medal or Medal for Combatting Communism (Satyalancana Penegak), The Eighth Campaign Medal “The Defender of the Law” (Satyalancana Gerakan Operasi MiliterVIII “ Dharma Phala”), The Ninth Campaign Medal “The Giant of Duties” (Satyalancana Gerakan Operasi MiliterIX “Raksaka Dharma”), and The Lotus or Timor Military Campaign Medal (Satyalancana Seroja). There are two basic types of Indonesian campaign medals. The first type has the round form with a wavy edge. The second type is the pentagonal star with concave sides and with balls on the vertexes of all the angles. The latter type reflects the State ideology of the Five Principles (Pancasila) proclaimed by Sukarno in 1945. The first type of campaign medals seemingly reflects the connections between fire, virility, masculinity and military actions in the traditional Javanese culture; at least, the traditional Javanese dagger Kris often has a wavy blade.
Electoral Behavior of the Townspeople of Novonikolaevsk in the Conditions of Counter-Revolution (Middle 1918 − Late 1919)
Authors: Sheremeteva Daria
Published: April 2022

The article analyzes the participation of the population of the city of Novonikolayevsk in local government elections under anti-Bolshevik political regimes.On the basis of a wide range of sources, it is established that in the conditions of military dictatorship, the discreditation of democratic institutions, the deterioration of economic and military-political situation in Novonikolayevsk, full-fledged competitive elections were held. High political activity was shown by professional socialist politicians, who fought for power, and the economic elite of the city. The former ones were at the head of the self-government and, using the experience of the revolution, tried to mobilize employees, tenants, workers, poor and indigent residents of the city to participate in the elections.However, the socialists, who lost their influence and authority, could not overcome the political apathy of broad layers of the population. Against the background of mass absenteeism, large entrepreneurs who sought to restore the social status lost as a result of the revolution managed to unite and attract medium and small homeowners. The high level of the electoral activity of these categories of the population ensured the victory in the elections.
Japanese-Korean Contradictions in U.S. Politics, 1951—1954
Authors: Yungblyud Valery
Published: April 2022

The article focuses on U.S. policy toward the process of settling Japan-Korea relations from the signing of the San Francisco Peace Treaty until the failure of negotiations between Tokyo and Seoul in 1954. Many items on the modern agenda of Japan-Korea relations were formed during this period with the direct involvement of U.S. diplomacy. The United States sought to build a military-political triangle between Washington, Seoul and Tokyo. Japan were designated as a key ally and conduit of American policy. At the same time, South Korea was to become a continental foothold and a defensive barrier against communism. The situation was complicated by Japanese-Korean antagonism, manifested in the conflict over the demarcation of territorial waters and material claims by South Korean authorities against the former colonialist. Under such conditions, the Americans were solving the task of strengthening their own positions in the region and did not show any persistence in harmonizing relations between their allies.
Hydrological Research of the Turkestan Branch of the Russian Geographical Society in the Study of the Aral Sea Basin at the Turn of the 19—20th Centuries
Authors: Zakirova Margarita
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the history of Aral Sea expeditions organized by the Turkestan section of the Russian Geographical Society at the turn of the 19th — 20th centuries. The study analyzes the theoretical and practical importance of geographical and hydrological study of the Aral Sea basin by the Turkestan section of the Russian Geographical Society, conditioned by the political and economic interests of the Russian Empire in the Central Asian region. L. S. Berg carried out the most important scientific studies of the Aral Sea in the period from 1899 to 1906; the scientist realized scientific projects on geography on the basis of which the practical solutions to the problems of socio-economic development of the region were proposed. The author concludes that science, scientific expeditions, researches of the Russian Geographical Society scientists influenced the political and economic course of imperial Russia in Central Asia. The article will allow to take a new look at the problems of colonization of imperial outskirts and will show the mechanisms of interaction of science, power, and society in the Central Asian region.
Confessional (Self-)Identification of the Church of England and Calvinism
Authors: Fadeyev Ivan
Published: April 2022

The most difficult aspect of the problem of the Church of England’s identity is constituted by a lack of specific confessional orthodoxy in the reformed English Church forming the core of her identity. One of many reasons for it lies in the fact that there are no explicit doctrinal sources. The Church of England’s doctrine is dispersed over several documents, called “historical formularies”, that are either political, like the Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion, or liturgical, like the Book of Common Prayer and the Ordinal, in nature, but are neither discursive nor analytical in character. In this article, the author attempts to verify and falsify the validity of the claim that the Church of England’s hamartiology and soteriology are fundamentally Calvinistic. To achieve that goal, he turns to “Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity” by Richard Hooker, a prominent 16th-century English theologian, who played a pivotal role as the primary apologist of the “Elizabethan settlement” and a “Founding Father” of the Church of England’s orthodoxy, in order to analyse his hamartiological and soteriological views. Taking into consideration Richard Hooker’s “place of honour” in the political and religious history of the reformed English Church, the author concludes that the doctrine of the Established Church in England used by the Crown as a litmus test of political loyalty, was not Calvinistic either in its form or content, but preserving continuity with the pre-Reformation Latin theology, on the one hand, and, in the spirit of Christian Humanism, receiving and adopting Eastern Christian theological thought, on the other, it, somewhat unsuccessfully, tended towards a via media between Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodox, and radical reformers, i.e. was used as a negative identification tool marking the Christians of England along the “us — them” line.
Discovery of America: First and Second Expeditions of Vitus Bering (a Comparative Analysis)
Authors: Petrov Alexander
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the two greatest expeditions: the First Kamchatka and the Second Kamchatka. This period is associated with the initial period of colonization of the North Pacific Ocean. In this study, we compare the goals that the expeditions faced, how these goals were realized during the preparation and during the voyages, noting the specifics of the trips themselves, and also compare the results obtained after the completion of the expeditions. It was noted that this was a complex and multifaceted process, in which various government agencies took part. On the basis of archival documents, it is shown how the plans of Peter the Great were implemented. As a result of the first expedition, it was proved that the eastern outskirts of the empire were washed by the ocean, but there was still no evidence of America's location. The result of the Second Kamchatka Expedition was the discovery of America from the side of Russia, and the space between Kamchatka and America began to be considered in the world as being under Russian influence. The article examines the issue of comparing the origins of the development of America by Russians from the Pacific Ocean and representatives of Western Europe from the Atlantic Ocean. The article was written using an interdisciplinary approach and based on a wide range of sources.
Everyday Life in an Order Castle
Authors: Matuzova Vera
Published: April 2022

The reviewed book is the publication of the papers read at the Session of the International Historical Commission for Study of the Teutonic Order held in Tallinn (Estonia) from the 26th to the 28th of September, 2014, in the frameworks of the theme “Everyday Life of the Order’s Castle”. The concept “everyday life” allows scholars to treat various aspects of medieval religious order (in Prussia and Livonia), using written sources and archeological artifacts. The papers reflect numerous approaches and methods used for the development of the theme of the Session. Interdisciplinary approach and comparative research proved to be very fruitful.
The Process of Writing and Promulgation of Acts in the Early Chancellery Practice of the Frankish State and Old Rus
Authors: Kashtanov Sergey
Published: April 2022

The paper is dedicated to the early chancellery practices of the Frankish State and Old Rus as well as to the differences and the similarities of the early immunity chaters of those two countries. In medieval Latin sources, the word kancellaria is known from the 12th century. In what concerns Rus and the Russian State, it is used somewhat conventionally up to c. 1700. Institutions comprising some staff of scribes are known in the Russian State not earlier than in the 15th—16th centuries. The offices of dyaks (later transforming into prikazes and chets) emerged only in the first half and the middle of the 16th century. Contrary to the early medieval West, chancellery was not a special institution at the court, but rather a structure within a central state office. Due to this, acts often were composed in scriptoria, and the originals of the earliest of them are written in bookish hands. The practice of composing charters by beneficiaries, known in the early Frankish State, was characteristic to Rus until at least the second half of the 16th century.  Although princely scribes are known to compose some kinds of acts from the late 13th and the 14th centuries, many other long continued to be written in monastic scriptoria.
Northern Black Sea Region and Thrace in Сorrespondence of Mikhail Rostovtzeff with Bulgarian Historians and Archaeologists
Authors: Ashaeva Anastasia
Published: April 2022

Scientific communications of Mikhail Rostovtzeff with Bulgarian scientists were left without the attention of researchers, they are not mentioned in historiographic works and bibliographic descriptions, and in the works of Rostovtzeff himself, we can only find brief references to the works of Bulgarian colleagues. Meanwhile, M. I. Rostovtzeff's correspondence with with his Bulgarian colleagues) сurrently stored in the Library Archive of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences continued continuously from the 1910s to 1940s. and contains details of the research activities of the famous scientist, his views on the current problems of the history of the ancient world, in particular, Thrace and Scythia, interpretations of new archaeological finds, setting problems that will later be revealed in Rostovtzeff's publications. Based on letters addressed to Bulgarian colleagues, it is possible to present vectors of scientific search by M. I. Rostovtzeff in the 1920s and 1930s, his justification of the theory of comparing two historical ranges — the Northern Black Sea region and Thrace, which became possible thanks to assistance of Bulgarian historians and archaeologists.
Semiotics, History, Health Crisis 2020—2021
Authors: Merkoulova Inna
Published: April 2022

In the article, semiotics as a science is presented in its connection with history: we consider the concept of Commemorations observed by UNESCO, the moment of unpredictability and the phenomenon that Yuri Lotman called “the retrospective view of the historian”. The twenties of the 21st century have become an era of unpredictable health crisis that semioticians continue to analyze. For example, at recent major international online conferences and forums on semiotics: in Russia (Moscow, GAUGN), France (Paris and Nîmes), Italy (Bologna), Poland (Warsaw) and Colombia (Bogota). The period of the pandemic has challenged representatives of the humanities, in particular semioticians, to comprehend what was happening and describe a number of emerging realities: home confinement, online communication, new cultural norms. In this sense, semiotics has proved to be a “useful toolbox” of the humanities and social sciences in response to the great challenges of our time.
The Saumacos' Revolt as an Episode in the History of the USSR
Authors: Kirillova Maria
Published: April 2022

The article analyzes the role of S.A. Zhebelev’s hypothesis on the Saumacus’ rebellion in the historical discussions of the 1930s. The author comes to the conclusion that the relevance of Zhebelev's work for Soviet historical science consisted not only in the appeal to the popular topic of the class struggle. An important aspect was researching the problem from the ancient history of one of the USSR’s regions, at a time when the request for the formation the Marxist concept of the soviet people’s history was clarified. As a result, Zhebelev's hypothesis was actively used by specialists in Russian history to substantiate the presence of slaveowning formation on the territory of the USSR. Partly, this aspect made this Zhebelev's study so well-known and widespread.
Crimean Roots of Dmitry Ainalov
Authors: Sychenkova Lydia
Published: April 2022

The article examines the ethnic origin of Dmitry Aynalov from the Crimean-Azov Greeks, which predetermined the choice of his life's work — the study of Hellenistic art. D. Aynalov's early-formed polylinguism and the acquired cultural traditions of the crimean greeks made it easier for him to study ancient greek history and ancient texts. Knowledge of the crimean tatar and Urum languages from childhood allowed D. Ainalov to feel comfortable, both in Greece and in the tatar environment of Kazan. Art education received in early childhood, allowed D. Aynalov made a significant contribution to the methodology of research of artistic monuments of Byzantium, the middle Ages and the Renaissance. The unexplored iconographic heritage of the scientist is an important evidence of the developed visual thinking of D. Ainalov and his artistic abilities. Since the Italian travels of 1891—1892, the pictorial source has become for D. Aynalov the most important companion of historical research. The introduction of a pictorial source as a full-fledged document in the construction of a system of evidence distinguished D. Ainalova from historians of the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries, allowed him to reach the forefront of the methodology of historiography and art studies.
Science Diplomacy: Theory and Practice
Authors: Chubaryan Alexander
Published: April 2022

Since 2021, within the framework of an agreement between the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and the House of Human Sciences Foundation (Paris, France), a joint Russian-French project has been implemented aimed at studying the phenomenon of science diplomacy in the modern world, its role in overcoming contradictions between states and the establishment of peace among peoples. The project aims to analyze the various practices of science diplomacy in the key periods of history, to compare the experience of different countries. In the article, several participants of the project formulate their idea of the phenomenon of science diplomacy. Professor of the University of Le Havre (France) P.-B. Ruffini focuses on the main aspects of science diplomacy, characterizing it as an innovative concept of the 21st century, able to withstand global challenges, and showing that science diplomacy is a phenomenon much wider than the cooperation of scientists from around the world. Scientific director of the Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Alexander Chubaryan writes about the significant Russian contribution to the development of science diplomacy, drawing on various examples from the field of humanitarian cooperation. Professor of the Sorbonne P. Griset, using the example of Soviet-French cooperation during the Cold War, shows the mechanism for the practical implementation of the elements of science diplomacy in life. Professor of the Russian State University for the Humanities Vera Zabotkina touches upon the topic of the cognitive dimension of science diplomacy, one of the most promising components of modern science.
“Status Rei Publicae”: from the History of Concepts and Institutions
Authors: Yusim Mark
Published: April 2022

In the Modern Times European political thought definitively adopted the term which goes back to the Latin “status” and translates in Russian as «государство». It signifies the institute of public authority present in one or another form to every people reached a determined stage of evolution. The history of the concept “state” by itself and the establishing of corresponding terminology, including that of different forms of rule, were often discussed and continues to be discussed in modern works on the history and politology.  Controversial are the questions on the impact of preceding epochs on the conception of the state and on its definition in the Early Modern Times, in particular in Italian political thought at the beginning of 16th century; such questions will be dealt with in this contribution.
English Monarchy of the Early Enlightenment through the Eyes of Contemporaries
Authors: Labutina Tatyana
Published: April 2022

The article analyzes the views of the English enlighteners (J. Locke, D. Defoe, R. Style, J. Swift, Bolingbroke, marquis of Halifax, W. Temple) on the constitutional monarchy established during their lifetime. Direct participation in the work of state institutions (Parliament), close acquaintance with the chief Ministers of the Kingdom, writing articles on their behalf — all this contributed to the formulation of the main concepts that form the basis of the liberal model of democracy. This model included, first of all, the theories of “social contract”, “division and balance” of the branches of power, which the enlighteners discussed in their works. It seems that it was the establishment of a constitutional monarchy after the Glorious Revolution of 1688—1689, whose staunch supporters were English intellectuals, that gave rise to the development of such theories.
Russian Travelers 17th Centuries about the Ceremony of Marriage of the Adriatic
Authors: Tretyakova Marina
Published: April 2022

The article considers the ceremonial of the Doge’s betrothal to the Adriatic sea through the prism of its perception by Russian travelers of the end of the 17th century. In the Republic of Venice there were a considerable number of ceremonies, which were held annually on the occasion of victories and various festivals. Among them, a special place was occupied by the rite of betrothal of the Doge to the sea (with the Adriatic) (Marriage of the Adriatic). Its origins rite of passage is leading with deep absent. Almost all Russian travelers who visited Venice at the end of the 17th century, paid attention to this ceremony. In their travel notes stolnik P. A. Tolstoy and an unknown author write about the date of the ceremony, its history, the details of the protocol of its ceremonial, the value for the Venetian state. The splendor and colorfulness of its holding attracted the special attention of Russian travelers. In their opinion, the central place in this ceremony was occupied by the figure of the venetian doge. In addition, they emphasized its state character. But the venetian vessels that took part in the ceremony, and above all, the ceremonial galley of the venetian doge Bucintoro, attracted the special attention of russian travelers. The interest of the stolnik P. A. Tolstoy and unknown author called private ships of the venetians, who accompanied the doge of Venice in the maritime procession. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that the rite of betrothal of the venetian doge to the Adriatic caused some interest among russian travelers of the 17th century, but to a greater extent their admiration was associated with architectural masterpieces, religious shrines, music, gardens and fountains. Perhaps this was due to the fact that in the Moscow state there were no similar ceremonies. In any case, the russian travelers of the 17th century, namely stolnik P. A. Tolstoy and an unknown author in their travel notes recorded this ritual, leaving the memory of this to posterity.
The Question of Gynecocracy in Political Thought of the 16th Century (Based on the Treatise of Jean Boden “The Six Books of the Commonwealth”)
Authors: Bayazitova Gulnara
Published: April 2022

A large amount of research has been devoted to the rulers of the Middle Ages and early modern times. The biographical genre is in its prime and is often associated with revisionist studies of female royals. The article is devoted to the study of the issue of female power in one of the most famous French treatises of the 16th century “The six Books of the Commonwealth” by Jean Bodin. In the course of the study, it was found that the issue of the status of women in the Republic is raised by the author throughout the entire treatise. With regard to the position of women, Boden proceeds from the ideas expressed by ancient thinkers and customs enshrined in Roman law. In the last book, he devotes a chapter to the problem of gynecocracy — female power, in which, with the help of arguments and historical examples, he tries to prove the impossibility and unreasonableness of women in power.
Jean Boden in Russian Historiography
Authors: Bobkova Marina
Published: April 2022

Jean Boden (1530—1596), the famous French lawyer and politician, historian, economist and philosopher left a rich artistic legacy — ten treatises on a variety of topics: from education to the theory of sovereignty. Abroad, hundreds of works are devoted to the study of the life and work of Boden, and the first of them appeared already at the beginning of the 17th century. The question naturally arises, what was the fate of Boden's ideas in Russia? At first glance, it seems that there can be no question of direct impact. In those few decades, when the name of Boden was still thundering, his works were repeatedly published and translated into foreign languages, the political atmosphere in Russia was not conducive to the perception of the ideas of the French thinker. This was the period of the reign of Ivan the Terrible, Oprichnin, then, followed by Troubles and the accession of the first Romanovs to the Russian throne. When the Russian educated society began to actively assimilate the spiritual riches of the West, Boden's time had already passed and Montesquieu, Voltaire, Diderot, and others became the subject of study of the Russian Enlightenment. But nevertheless, traces of acquaintance with Boden and even his influence can be found in our country at the end of the 17th and especially in the 18th century. The article further examines the Russian tradition of studying Boden's ideas to this day.
Jean Boden in the War of Pamphlets in England in the Middle of the 17th Century
Authors: Mityureva Daria
Published: April 2022

Scholars of English political thought notice Jean Bodin’s theory of sovereignty inspired English pre-revolutionary and revolutionary philosophers. One could find massive references to all principal Bodin’s works. I focus on the direct citations of Les Six livres de la République. Public valued The Six Books of the Republic during the 17th century in different ways: obvious peaks of citations one could between 1640 and 1650. Both warring parties referred to Bodin. Works of Bodin became source of vivid examples in the revolutionary situations when political thinkers had to write and publish pamphlets urgently. Most likely, the third part of authors mentioned Bodin did not read his texts and know him indirectly. Thus, Bodin’s thought had been distorted.
Power as a Public Process
Authors: Fyodorov Sergey
Published: April 2022

The article underlines applicability of relationistic and systemic approaches to a phenomenon of the power and subsequent power relations. Relationists consider power and subsequent power relations as a possibility for an individual or group to change the behavior of another individual or group. In the systemic approach power is defined as a specific impersonal quality of political system, as an internal functional, not joined by an individual or group of individuals. The article develops some points on advantages of the systemic approach for an understanding of power relations in the Medieval societies as a public process. Key elements of the conceptual scheme are realized within a context, which determined major trends in development of an idea of absolute royal power in the Western European monarchies. Suggesting that medieval concept of the royal prerogatives was influenced by theological and legal (almost canon law) discourses, the author demonstrates how they were finely unified in the 14th century intellectual controversies and in what way they became instrumental for Baldus de Ubaldis’s political thought. New preferences were based on a strong distinction of an absolute and ordained power: supreme secular authorities, while functioned, perceived their unlimited prerogatives as a perspective potential but emphasized a constructiveness of applicability of their limited credentials.
“Under the Romanovs’ Sceptre: the 300th Anniversary of Russia's Proclamation as an Empire”. “Russian Charity. Tradition and Modernity”. Review of International and Interregional Scientific Conferences
Authors: Volodko Anna
Published: April 2022

A review of international/inter-regional scientific conferences held by the Institute of General History of the Russian Academy of Sciences in cooperation with the Foundation for the Revival of Traditions of Charity and Charity “St. Elisabethan and St. Sergius Educational Society” (ESPS Foundation) in 2021 is presented. In connection with the momentous historical date — the 300th anniversary of the proclamation of Russia as an empire — scientific conferences were held “Under the Romanovs' sceptre: on the 300th anniversary of the proclamation of Russia as an empire» with thematic blocks: “The Russian Empire: Projection to the West” (Kaliningrad), “The Imperial House of Romanov and the Inclusion of New Lands and Peoples in the Cultural and Civilisational Space of the Russian Empire” (Perm) and “The Russian Empire in Comparison with Other Empires of the East and West” (Kazan). There was also an international scientific and practical conference entitled “Russian Charity. Traditions and Modernity” (Kazan), whose scientific reports focused on the development of charity in Russia in the first half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. More than 300 leading scientists-historians, archivists, representatives of the museum community from Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Perm, Kaliningrad, Voronezh, the Republic of Tatarstan, the Republic of Crimea and the CIS countries took part in the events.
The Russian Direction of the Prussian Kingdom's Foreign Policy. 1851—1871. The Source Studies Aspect
Authors: Dudarev Vasiliy
Published: April 2022

This article presents a description of the source base for studying the Russian direction of the Prussian Kingdom's foreign policy on the eve and during the years of German unification: 1851—1871. Taking into account the current state of German and Russian historiography, the author draws attention to the fact that only a comprehensive study of public documents, official correspondence of the Ministries of Foreign Affairs of both Prussia and Russia, a significant part of which is stored in the archives of Germany and Russia, periodicals and documents of personal origin can contribute to the widest coverage of this topic. The vast majority of these documents has not been introduced into scientific circulation before, so their use will enrich the study of Prussian-Russian relations on the eve of the formation of the German Empire with new information.
Axiological Aspects of the State Policy of Students' Physical Culture Formation
Authors: Sergeyev Alexander
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the study of various value aspects related to the state policy of the formation of students' physical culture. The author demonstrates the widespread prevalence of the institute of physical education of students in different countries of the world, as well as the long period of its existence. With examples from different countries and different historical periods, the similarities and differences of individual characteristics of this institute are shown. Determination of the institute of physical education of students by the interests of state policy is emphasized. It is concluded that there is a value potential in it, which can be implemented by the state, depending on the urgent national tasks.The question is raised about the value of physical education of students at the present time, which is considered binocularly: from the standpoint of the role of physical education of students in economic development and its role in saving the person himself, which is an absolute national priority. The study of these issues is built within the framework of the “knowledge economy” paradigm, as well as the existential-humanistic approach to human health.Models of formation of physical culture of youth in the USSR and modern Russia are considered. Their example demonstrates the fundamental and decisive importance of the values of society for the formation of physical culture of the individual, which is relevant to the national priorities of the state. The reasons for which the model of the USSR could not be transferred to modern Russia, as well as the value features of the attitude of students of modern Russia to physical education are revealed. The necessary value orientations of students have been determined, which are the key to the effective implementation of the state policy of the formation of students' physical culture.
The Formation of Economic Development Institutions in the Russian Federation
Authors: Sukhanova Nataliya
Published: April 2022

The issues of strengthening of the role of national development institutions are now firmly on the Russian economic agenda. Today national development institutions are one of the most important areas of the socio-economic policy of the Russian Federation. In the managing of the country's economy competitiveness, special attention is paid to institutional aspects, the factor of innovative development and the formation of investment growth drivers. The author analyzes the history of formation and current activities of some national institutions that currently have a significant impact on the development of the Russian economy.
Reconciling the Hearts: Barthold Georg Niebuhr on the German Catholicism
Authors: Sazonova Tatyana
Published: April 2022

The article presents a textual analysis of the letter of Barthold Georg Niebuhr, Prussian scientist and politician of the late 18th — first half of the 19th century, dedicated to the issue of German national church. Niebuhr is known primarily as one of the leading historians of his time. His name is mostly associated with the research on the history of Ancient Rome and other ancient states, as well as with the critical method which was a new word in German and European historiography. At the same time Niebuhr's intellectual talent allowed him to combine productively historical theory with political practice. Having served as Danish finance minister, then Prussian and Prussian ambassador in Rome for several years, Niebuhr created a significant corpus of political writings. However, they have attracted much less interest than his monographs and scientific articles on history and classical philology, until now. Nevertheless, as reviewing the real problems of politics from the practical point, Niebuhr's writings on political topics possess an undeniable merit. The fortieth year of Niebuhr's life was marked by the large-scale change of European borders, including territories ruled by Curia Romana. As Prussian ambassador in Rome Niebuhr was faced with a difficult task: diplomatically to bargain independence for German dioceses so that the process of forming a single national state was launched. In addition to the Roman Church, the solution to this issue was hampered by strained relations between catholics and protestants within Germany itself.
The influence of the Early Chinese concept of "Tao" on models of civic behavior in Chinese political culture
Authors: Komarov Mikhail
Published: April 2022

The article considers the early Taoist interpretation of the philosophical concept of "tao" as a factor in the formation of socially approved psychological and behavioral personality traits. A comparison of the properties of "tao" and the concepts related to it, reflected in the classical texts of Taoism, with the key properties of the types of political cultures in the approach of G. Almond and S. Verba. The conclusion is made about the preservation of the influence of the models of socio-political behavior transmitted by classical Taoism on the political culture of modern China.
Phenomenological Motifs in Aristotle's Dialectic
Authors: Sanzhenakov Alexander
Published: April 2022

The article attempts to show that there is a protophenomenological content in Aristotle's dialectic. It is proved that the endoxic method, used by Aristotle in many works, is not only work with the opinions of philosophers of the past and some generally accepted provisions, but also the study of phenomenal being: an ordinary, pre-philosophical manifestation of things. Limitations are noted for seeing parallels between Aristotle's endoxic method and Husserl's phenomenological method. In the final part of the article, a proposal is made to introduce some elements of the endoxic method into modern phenomenological psychology and psychotherapy. In particular, the formulation of a dialectical problem through the identification of contradictions and the removal of them can be applied by practicing specialists in psychology: in order to build a coherent consciousness the conflict between equivalent, but contradictory emotions and ideas of the patient, should be eliminated.
Centrist Liberalism as an Ideology in Context of the World-System Theory
Authors: Makeev Anton
Published: April 2022

The article describes the concept of considering ideology as a metastrategy of political action, proposed by Immanuel Wallerstein. The origin and formation of the basis of the geoculture of the capitalist world-system, which is centrist liberalism, is analyzed. Centrist liberalism is considered in the context of the formation of the geoculture of the capitalist world-system as a process of changes associated with the French Revolution and the spread of ideas of sovereignty of the people under the conditions of the capitalist world-system.
Co-inciding Native Infective Endocarditis and COVID-19 in an Older Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Selçuk Murat , Çınar Tufan , Çiçek Vedat , Kılıç Şahhan , Yalçınkaya Emre , Orhan Ahmet Lütfullah
Published: April 2022

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Patients with infective endocarditis (IE) and COVID-19 can present similar signs and symptoms; thus, it may be difficult for clinicians to diagnose such infections.
This report presented a patient diagnosed with IE and co-infected with COVID-19. This case highlights that every physician should consider COVID-19 infection when evaluating patients with IE.
Giant Cell Fibroma Clinically Mimicking Malignancy: A Case Report
Authors: Jalili Sadrabad Maryam , Yazdanpanah Samaneh , Mobarhan Maedeh , Sohanian Shabnam
Published: April 2022

Giant Cell Fibroma (GCF) is a benign rare fibrous lesion that predominantly occurs on the mandibular gingiva. Clinically, it is presented as a sessile or pedunculated mass that frequently occurs in the third decade with a slight female predilection. The lesion is usually characterized by stellate and multinucleated fibroblasts located in the lamina propria near the overlying epithelium and radiographically treated as a benign lesion.
A 20-year-old female was referred to the Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine Department of Semnan Dental School, with the chief complaint of tooth displacement and gingivitis. Clinical examination revealed maxillary protrusion, mouth breathing, localized gingivitis in the interdental areas of the papilla of the lateral and canine teeth; also alveolar bone with pus discharge in the right mandibular premolar area. Radiographically, the lesion leads to the bone resorption and linguistic movement of the teeth in the right side of Mandible. There were no root resorption and no bone expansion. Gentle scaling and root planning, biopsy, and second premolar extraction were performed. The presence of the giant fibroblasts in superficial connective tissue confirmed the diagnosis of Giant Cell Fibroma. At the follow-up session, tissue repair was accomplished, and the first premolar was immobile and was no longer loose.
Nevertheless, further studies are required to investigate the precise nature of the mono or multinucleated cells, i.e., atypical fibroblasts that illustrate degenerative and functional changes. Moreover, a high index of suspicion and appropriate analytical examination is required for distinct lesions to achieve a proper diagnosis and suggest an appropriate treatment.
Oil production management based on neural network optimization of well operation at the pilot project site of the Vatyeganskoe field (Territorial Production Enterprise Povkhneftegaz)
Authors: Brilliant Leonid , Dulkarnaev Marat , Danko Mikhail , Elisheva Aleksandra , Nabiev Dinar , Khutornaya Anastasiya , Malkov Ivan
Published: April 2022

Optimization of the “mature” fields development in machine learning algorithms is one of the urgent problems nowadays. The task is set to extend the effective operation of wells, optimize production management at the late stage of field development. Based on the task set, the article provides an overview of possible solutions in waterflooding management problems. Production management technology is considered as an alternative to intensification of operation, which is associated with an increase in the produciton rate and involves finding solutions aimed at reducing the water cut of well production. The practical implementation of the “Neural technologies for production improvement” includes the following steps: evaluation, selection, predictive analytics. The result is a digital technological regime of wells that corresponds to the set goal and the solution of the optimization problem in artificial intelligence algorithms using the software and hardware complex “Atlas – Waterflood Management”.
“Neural technologies for production improvement” have been successfully tested at the pilot project site of the productive formation of the Vatyeganskoe field. The article provides a thorough and detailed analysis of the work performed, describes the algorithms and calculation results of the proxy model using the example of the pilot area, as well as the integration of the “Atlas – Waterflood Management” and the organization of the workflow with the field professionals of the Territorial Production Enterprise Povkhneftegaz.
Evaluating the Results of Retrograde Intramedullary Nailing for Distal Femur Fractures: A Level 3 Trauma Center Retrospective Study
Authors: ERGÜN Tuğrul , BAYRAKTAR Mehmet Kürşad , KARSLIOGLU Bulent , TAŞATAN Ersin , TEKİN Ali Çağrı , AKDAS TEKİN Esra , GÜRBÜZ Hakan
Published: April 2022

Aim: Distal femur fractures can be treated with modern anatomic plates and nails. This study aimed to examine the clinical and radiological results of displaced distal femur fractures in adult people who had been treated with a retrograde intramedullary nail (RIN).
Material and Methods: The study included all patients who underwent RIN surgery for distal femur fracture between January 2013 and April 2018 in a level 3 trauma center. Patients were divided into two groups based on fracture pattern: open fracture and closed fracture. The preoperative and postoperative clinical, radiological and functional characteristics of patients who had RIN for a distal femur fracture were analyzed.
Results: Thirty patients were included in the study. 21 (70%) patients were male. The median age of the patients was 39 (range, 18-58) years. 17 (56.7%) of the affected femur were left-sided. The etiology of the fractures was traffic accident and fall in 19 (63.3%) patients and gunshot injury in 11 (36.7%) patients. Of the patients, 17 (56.7%) were closed fractures and 13 (43.3%) were open fractures. There were no significant differences between two groups related to the surgery time (p=0.086), fluoroscopy time (p=0.805), blood loss (p=0.967), and hospitalization time (p=0.967), clinical pain and function scores (p=0.341, p=0.902), and union time (p=0.385) at the postoperative period.
Conclusion: RIN is a minimally invasive method that may prevent excessive blood loss and decrease the duration of surgery time. It is an effective and reliable surgical intervention that should be considered for the treatment of distal femur fractures.
Proyecciones de la teoría de Chomsky en la sociolingüística : el problema de la variación
Authors: Caravedo Rocío
Published: April 2022

El artículo no presenta resumen.
La formación del léxico español en la región andina. III : jagüey, jaguay, jagüel
Authors: Carrión Ordóñez Enrique
Published: April 2022

El artículo no presenta resumen.
Rubén Darío y el Perú (1886-1890)
Authors: Varillas M. Alberto
Published: April 2022

El artículo no presenta resumen.
Victoria Ocampo y Sur
Authors: Ortega Julio
Published: April 2022

El artículo no presenta resumen.
Apuntes sobre "Esa vez del huaico" de Vargas Vicuña
Authors: Cornejo Polar Antonio
Published: April 2022

El artículo no presenta resumen.
Texto literario, texto poético, texto lírico : elementos para una tipología
Authors: Reisz de Rivarola Susana
Published: April 2022

El artículo no presenta resumen.
Sobre la explicación en una teoría lingüística
Authors: Caravedo Rocío
Published: April 2022

El artículo no presenta resumen.
Generativismo ¿Estructuralismo sintético?
Authors: Caravedo Rocío
Published: April 2022

El artículo no presenta resumen.
VOCABULARIO DE CIEZA DE LEON : Contribución a la historia de la lengua española en el Perú del siglo XVI
Authors: Baldinger Kurt
Published: April 2022

El artículo no presenta resumen.
UN EJERCICIO DE ESTILO DEL LUNAREJO
Authors: Cisneros Luis Jaime
Published: April 2022

El artículo no presenta resumen.
VOCES Y CONCIENCIAS EN EL RELATO LITERARIO-FICCIONAL
Authors: Reisz de Rivarola Susana
Published: April 2022

El artículo no presenta resumen.
JUAN DE ESPINOSA MEDRANO, Apologético (Selección, prólogo y cronología de Augusto Tamayo Vargas), Caracas, Biblioteca Ayacucho, vol. 98, 1982, LX + 121 p.
Authors: Cisneros Luis Jaime
Published: April 2022

El artículo no presenta resumen.
JUAN A. HASLER. Páginas de fonética general, Cali (Edita: Grupo de Autores) 1980, 77 pp.
Authors: Gatti Murriel Carlos
Published: April 2022

El doctor Juan A. Hasler, profesor de la Facultad de Humanidades de la Universidad del Valle ( Cali, Colombia) ha hecho un nuevo aporte a la bibliografía hispanoamericana enel campo de la fonética. Se trata del texto titulado Páginas de fonética general publicado en Cali, en 1980. Este breve libro es una nueva versión de aquel que escribió en 1951, cuando era becario investigador en El Colegio de México. A pesar del tiempo transcurrido, los temas y los enfoques de los mismos han conservado su valor y su utilidad.
Hacia una revisión del realismo medieval. El conde Lucanor, ejemplo 46
Authors: Biglieri Aníbal A.
Published: April 2022

En otro estudio tratamos de mostrar cómo el ejemplo 36 deEl conde Lucanor está subordinado en todos sus aspectos a lasententia que le es anterior y a la cual amplifica y desarrolla.En efecto, todas las inverosimilitudes allí observadas, y de lasque no podían dar cuenta las interpretaciones miméticas y expresivas propuestas por, varios estudiosos, se debían a la necesidad deadaptar las acciones y la conducta de los personajes a los finesdidascálicos del relato, a expensas, incluso, del "realismo" más elemental.
Teoría y realidad en el generativismo. Una aproximación al último modelo de Chomsky
Authors: Caravedo Rocío
Published: April 2022

No contiene resumen
Verdad o referencia : Consecuencias Semánticas del Lema A de Tarski
Authors: Montalbetti Mario , Trelles Osear
Published: April 2022

Trataremos de mostrar dos resultados paradójicos en la teoría semántica. El primero contradice la esperanza que abrigamos "naturalmente" de que una oración verdadera tenga un sólido asidero en la realidad; es decir, que los referentes de sus términos estén unívocamente fijados cuando sabemos que ella es verdadera. Se trata del teorema de Putnam . El segundo, es que una oración abierta verdadera, contrariamente a lo esperado, sí fija su referente. El resultado se deriva del Lema A de Alfred Tarski.
MIGUEL A. GARRIDO GALLARDO (ed.). Teoria Semiótica. Lenguajes y textos hispánicos, Madrid, C.S.l.C., 1985, 924 p. y Critica Semiológica de textos hispánicos, Madrid, C.S.l.C., 1986, 950 p.
Authors: Gómez Redondo Fernando
Published: April 2022

La celebración del Congreso Internacional sobre Semiótica e Hispanismo (Madrid, 20-25 de junio de 1983) y la publicación de sus Actas en dos volúmenes que casi alcanzan las dos mil páginas obliga a dos inevitables reflexiones,previas a cualquier comentario crítico: 1) En estos momentos, la Semiótica es la única disciplina susceptible de profundizar en la totalidad sígnica del individuo, mediante análisis de cada uno de sus comportamientos específicos (desde la moda hasta la política, desde la literatura hasta el periodismo). 2) Esla Semiótica, entonces, la gran ciencia de la cultura: viva y abierta, pero escurridiza y movible, y no tanto por sus resultados concretos, como por su falta de sistematización operativa; cada escuela, casi cada investigador, proponen y funcionan desde lenguajes y esquemas distintos, inarticulables en modelos comunes,que podrían facilitar la extensión de sus metodologías.
Los comentarios de Espinosa Medrano sobre el Hiperbaton Gongorino
Authors: Rodríguez Garrido José
Published: April 2022

No contiene resumen
Notas para una lectura marginal de en torno al casticismo y luces de bohemia
Authors: Gónzález - Millán Juan
Published: April 2022

No contiene resumen.
Enseñanza de la lengua materna y teoría lingüística. El léxico en el aprendizaje
Authors: Caravedo Rocío
Published: April 2022

No contiene resumen.