bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metagenomics Reveals Sex-Based Differences in Murine Fecal Microbiota Profiles Induced by Chronic Alcohol Consumption
Authors: Domínguez-Pino Manuel , Mellado Susana , Cuesta Carlos M. , Grillo-Risco Rubén , García-García Francisco , Pascual María
Published: November 2024

Chronic ethanol exposure induces an inflammatory response within the intestinal tract, compromising mucosal and epithelial integrity and leading to dysbiosis of the gut microbiome. However, the specific roles of the gut microbiota in mediating ethanol-induced effects, as well as their interactions with the immune system, remain poorly characterized. This study aimed to evaluate sex-based differences in fecal microbiota profiles induced by chronic alcohol consumption and to assess whether TLR4 is involved in these effects. We analyzed the 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal samples from male and female wild-type (WT) and TLR4-knockout (TLR4-KO) mice with and without chronic ethanol exposure over a three-month period. Our findings provide evidence, for the first time, that male mice are more susceptible to the effects of ethanol on the fecal microbiota, since ethanol exposure induced greater alterations in the Gram-negative and -positive bacteria with immunogenic capacity in the WT male mice than in the female mice. We also demonstrate that the absence of immune receptor TLR4 leads to different microbiota in both sexes, showing anti-inflammatory and protective properties for intestinal barrier function and resulting in a phenotype more resistant to ethanol’s effects. These findings may open new avenues for understanding the relationship between gut microbiota profiles and inflammation in the digestive system induced by chronic alcohol consumption.
A Recombinant Shigella flexneri Strain Expressing ETEC Heat-Labile Enterotoxin B Subunit Shows Promise for Vaccine Development via OMVs
Authors: Salvador-Erro Josune , Pastor Yadira , Gamazo Carlos
Published: November 2024

Diarrheal diseases caused by Shigella and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are significant health burdens, especially in resource-limited regions with high child mortality. In response to the lack of licensed vaccines and rising antibiotic resistance for these pathogens, this study developed a recombinant Shigella flexneri strain with the novel incorporation of the eltb gene for the heat-labile enterotoxin B (LTB) subunit of ETEC directly into Shigella’s genome, enhancing stability and consistent production. This approach combines the immunogenic potential of LTB with the antigen delivery properties of S. flexneri outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), aiming to provide cross-protection against both bacterial pathogens in a stable, non-replicating vaccine platform. We confirmed successful expression through GM1-capture ELISA, achieving levels comparable to ETEC. Additionally, proteomic analysis verified that the isolated vesicles from the recombinant strains contain the LTB protein and the main outer membrane proteins and virulence factors from Shigella, including OmpA, OmpC, IcsA, SepA, and Ipa proteins, and increased expression of Slp and OmpX. Thus, our newly designed S. flexneri OMVs, engineered to carry ETEC’s LTB toxin, represent a promising strategy to be considered as a subunit vaccine candidate against S. flexneri and ETEC.
The Role of lncRNAs in the Protective Action of Tamoxifen on the Ovaries of Tumor-Bearing Rats Receiving Cyclophosphamide
Authors: Swigonska Sylwia , Nynca Anna , Molcan Tomasz , Petroff Brian K. , Ciereszko Renata E.
Published: November 2024

Infertility due to ovarian toxicity is a common side effect of cancer treatment in premenopausal women. Tamoxifen (TAM) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that prevented radiation- and chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure in preclinical studies. In the current study, we examined the potential regulatory role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the mechanism of action of TAM in the ovaries of tumor-bearing rats receiving cyclophosphamide (CPA) as cancer therapy. We identified 166 lncRNAs, among which 49 were demonstrated to be differentially expressed (DELs) in the ovaries of rats receiving TAM and CPA compared to those receiving only CPA. A total of 24 DELs were upregulated and 25 downregulated by tamoxifen. The identified DELs shared the characteristics of noncoding RNAs described in other reproductive tissues. Eleven of the identified DELs displayed divergent modes of action, regulating target transcripts via both cis- and trans-acting pathways. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that, among target genes ascribed to the identified DELs, the majority were involved in apoptosis, cell adhesion, immune response, and ovarian aging. The presented data suggest that the molecular mechanisms behind tamoxifen’s protective effects in the ovaries may involve lncRNA-dependent regulation of critical signaling pathways related to inhibition of follicular transition and ovarian aging, along with the suppression of apoptosis and regulation of cell adhesion. Employing a tumor-bearing animal model undergoing chemotherapy, which accurately reflects the conditions of mammary cancer, reinforces the obtained results. Given that tamoxifen remains a key player in the management and prevention of breast cancer, understanding its ovarian-specific actions in cancer patients is crucial and requires detailed functional studies to clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Genome-Wide Analysis of BURP Domain-Containing Gene Family in Solanum lycopersicum and Functional Analysis of SlRD1 Under Drought and Salt Stresses
Authors: Sun Huiru , Yang Jinyu , Fan Bei , Ren Min , Wang Yanfeng , Chen Guoliang , Cheng Guoting
Published: November 2024

The BURP domain-containing (BURP) genes belong to plant-specific families and are known as essential for various biological processes in plants. However, knowledge of the functions of BURP genes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is lacking. In our study, bioinformatics analysis was performed for the SlBURP gene family, including phylogeny, chromosomal localization, gene structure, cis-acting elements and expression. In addition, the function of SlRD1 in drought and salt stresses was explored. In tomato, fourteen BURP family members were identified, located on five chromosomes, including two tandem duplication clusters. These BURP members were classified into four subfamilies. The promoter regions of SlBURPs harbored numerous hormone- and stress-response elements. Tissue expression analysis showed that several SlBURPs were highly expressed in roots, flowers or fruits. Meanwhile, the expressions of most SlBURPs could be regulated by drought, salt and cold treatments, and some of them also responded to ABA treatment. Moreover, the ectopic expression of SlRD1 in Arabidopsis enhanced tolerances to drought and salt stresses and increased the sensitivity of seed germination to ABA. In conclusion, the comprehensive analysis of the SlBURP family in tomato and the functional exploration of SlRD1 in drought and salt stresses provide a basis for further dissecting the roles of tomato BURP genes.
Syzygium aromaticum Extract Mitigates Doxorubicin-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Rats
Authors: Alsirhani Alaa Muqbil , Abu-Almakarem Amal S. , Alwaili Maha Abdullah , Aljohani Salwa , Alali Ibtisam , AlRashidi Aljazi Abdullah , Abuzinadah Najlaa Yousef , Alkhodair Sahar Abdulrahman , Mobasher Maysa A. , Alothaim Tahiyat , Eid Thamir M. , El-Said Karim Samy
Published: November 2024

Doxorubicin (DOX), an anticancer drug, is used to treat several types of tumors, but it has detrimental side effects that restrict its therapeutic efficacy. One is the iron-dependent form of ferroptosis, which is characterized by elevated ROS production and iron overload. Syzygium aromaticum has a diverse range of biological and pharmaceutical actions due to their antioxidant properties. This study investigated the effect of S. aromaticum extract (SAE) on hepatotoxicity caused by DOX in rats. Phytochemical analysis was performed to assess compounds in SAE. The ADMETlab 2.0 web server was used to predict the pharmacokinetic properties of the most active components of SAE when DOX was injected into rats. Molecular docking studies were performed using AutoDock Vina. Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups of ten rats each (G1 was a negative control group, G2 was given 1/10 of SAE LD50 by oral gavage (340 mg/kg), G3 was given 4 mg/kg of DOX intraperitoneally (i.p.) once a week for a month, and G4 was administered DOX as in G3 and SAE as in G2). After a month, biochemical and histopathological investigations were performed. Rats given SAE had promising levels of phytochemicals, which could significantly ameliorate DOX-induced hepatotoxicity by restoring biochemical alterations, mitigating ferroptosis, and upregulating the NRF-2–SLC7A-11–GPX-4 signaling pathway. These findings suggest that SAE could potentially alleviate DOX-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
Insight into the Thermal Washing Mechanism of Sodium Lignosulfonate Alkyl/Sodium Persulfate Compound on Oily Sludge
Authors: Ma Yun , Liu Hui , Zhu Liuli , Xie Yi , Ren Chuanqi , Mo Xiaorong , Liu Xiaoying , Liang Chen , Deng Gang , Yao Shuangquan , Qin Chengrong
Published: November 2024

The thermal washing of oily sludge using sodium persulfate (SD) assisted by sodium lignosulfonate surfactant has been demonstrated to be an effective method for oily sludge remediation. To further explore the underlying mechanisms of this process, a systematic study was conducted by simulating oily sludge systems consisting of saturated hydrocarbons (SaH), aromatics hydrocarbons (ArH), resins (Res), and asphaltenes (Asp). The effects of reaction conditions, such as pH, sodium lignosulfonate alkyl (LSA) concentration, SD concentration, and washing temperature, were analyzed. Furthermore, the oxidative kinetic mechanism during the reaction process was investigated. The results demonstrated that neither petroleum hydrocarbons nor SD underwent significant chemical transformations when exposed to LSA, while SD exhibited a marked oxidative degradation effect on all four types of hydrocarbons. Oxidation kinetics indicated that sodium hydroxide played a catalytic role, with SD being the main oxidant and particularly efficient in degrading Asp and Res. Meanwhile, LSA contributed to the removal of hydrocarbons by reducing the surface tension of the solution, enhancing solubilization. This study not only elucidates the central role of SD in the thermal washing process but also provides a solid theoretical foundation for the practical application of this technology in oily sludge treatment.
Recent Advances of Small Extracellular Vesicles for the Regulation and Function of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts
Authors: Liang Chengdong , Wang Maoye , Huang Yongli , Yam Judy Wai Ping , Zhang Xu , Zhang Xiaoxin
Published: November 2024

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a heterogeneous cell population in the tumor microenvironment (TME) that critically affect cancer progression. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) act as information messengers by transmitting a wide spectrum of biological molecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites, from donor cells to recipient cells. Previous studies have demonstrated that CAFs play important roles in tumor progression by regulating tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, therapeutic resistance, and metabolism via sEVs. In turn, tumor-derived sEVs can also regulate the activation and phenotype switch of CAFs. The dynamic crosstalk between CAFs and cancer cells via sEVs could ultimately determine cancer progression. In this review, we summarized the recent advance of the biological roles and underlying mechanisms of sEVs in mediating CAF-tumor cell interaction and its impact on cancer progression. We also reviewed the clinical applications of tumor- and CAF-derived sEVs, which could identify novel potential targets and biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis.
Evaluation of Three Mutations in Codon 385 of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase via Biochemical and In Silico Analysis
Authors: Gálvez-Ramírez Adriana , González-Valdez Abigail , Hernández-Ochoa Beatriz , Canseco-Ávila Luis Miguel , López-Roblero Alexander , Arreguin-Espinosa Roberto , Pérez de la Cruz Verónica , Hernández-Urzua Elizabeth , Cárdenas-Rodríguez Noemi , Enríquez-Flores Sergio , De la Mora-De la Mora Ignacio , Vidal-Limon Abraham , Gómez-Manzo Saúl
Published: November 2024

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an enzymopathy that affects approximately 500 million people worldwide. A great number of mutations in the G6PD gene have been described. However, three class A G6PD variants known as G6PD Tomah (C385R), G6PD Kangnam (C385G), and G6PD Madrid (C385W) have been reported to be clinically important due to their associations with severe clinical manifestations such as hemolytic anemia. Therefore, this work aimed to perform, for the first time, biochemical and functional characterizations of these variants. The G6PD variants were cloned and purified for this purpose, followed by analyses of their kinetic parameters and thermal stability, as well as in silico studies. The results showed that the mutations induced changes in the proteins. Regarding the kinetic parameters, it was observed that the three variants showed lower affinities for G6P and NADP+, as well as lower thermal stability compared to WT-G6PD. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that C385 mutations induced changes around neighboring amino acids. Metadynamics simulations showed that most remarkable changes account for the binding pocket volumes, particularly in the structural NADP+ binding site, with a concomitant loss of affinity for catalytic processes.
Oxidative DNA Damage and Arterial Hypertension in Light of Current ESC Guidelines
Authors: Hazuková Radka , Zadák Zdeněk , Pleskot Miloslav , Zdráhal Petr , Pumprla Martin , Táborský Miloš
Published: November 2024

A new insight into oxidative stress is based on oxidative deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. DNA is the pivotal biopolymer for life and health. Arterial hypertension (HT) is a globally common disease and a major risk factor for numerous cardiovascular (CV) conditions and non-cardiac complications, making it a significant health and socio-economic problem. The aetiology of HT is multifactorial. Oxidative stress is the main driver. Oxidative DNA damage (oxidised guanosine (8OHdG), strand breaks (SSBs, DSBs)) seems to be the crucial and initiating causal molecular mechanism leading to HT, acting through oxidative stress and the resulting consequences (inflammation, fibrosis, vascular remodelling, stiffness, thickness, and endothelial dysfunction). In light of the current European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines with defined gaps in the evidence, this manuscript, for the first time, (1) summarizes evidence for oxidative DNA damage in HT and other CV risk factors, (2) incorporates them into the context of known mechanisms in HT genesis, (3) proposes the existing concept of HT genesis innovatively supplemented with oxidative DNA damage, and (4) mentions consequences such as promising new targets for the treatment of HT (DNA damage response (DDR) pathways).
Relevance of Saliva Analyses in Terms of Etiological Factors, Biomarkers, and Indicators of Disease Course in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis—A Review
Authors: Kapel-Reguła Aleksandra , Duś-Ilnicka Irena , Radwan-Oczko Małgorzata
Published: November 2024

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating, progressive, and neurodegenerative disease. The cause of this condition remains unknown. Diagnosing and monitoring the course of this disease requires the use of time-consuming, costly, and invasive methods such as magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. To date, no specific diagnostic tests for MS are available. The purpose of this publication is to answer the question of whether saliva, as a mirror of oral and general health and easily obtainable test material, can be a significant source of information on etiological factors, biomarkers, and indicators of disease progression and whether analysis of substances in saliva is sensitive enough to replace plasma, urine, or cerebrospinal fluid. For this purpose, a systematic search of databases was conducted: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase.
The Promoting Effect of Animal Bioactive Proteins and Peptide Components on Wound Healing: A Review
Authors: Fan Xiaoyu , Ye Jinhong , Zhong Wanling , Shen Huijuan , Li Huahua , Liu Zhuyuan , Bai Jie , Du Shouying
Published: November 2024

The skin is the first line of defense to protect the host from external environmental damage. When the skin is damaged, the wound provides convenience for the invasion of external substances. The prolonged nonhealing of wounds can also lead to numerous subsequent complications, seriously affecting the quality of life of patients. To solve this problem, proteins and peptide components that promote wound healing have been discovered in animals, which can act on key pathways involved in wound healing, such as the PI3K/AKT, TGF-β, NF-κ B, and JAK/STAT pathways. So far, some formulations for topical drug delivery have been developed, including hydrogels, microneedles, and electrospinning nanofibers. In addition, some high-performance dressings have been utilized, which also have great potential in wound healing. Here, research progress on the promotion of wound healing by animal-derived proteins and peptide components is summarized, and future research directions are discussed.
The Oncogenic Role of VWA8-AS1, a Long Non-Coding RNA, in Epstein–Barr Virus-Associated Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Integrative Transcriptome and Functional Analysis
Authors: Srisathaporn Sawarot , Pientong Chamsai , Heawchaiyaphum Chukkris , Nukpook Thawaree , Aromseree Sirinart , Ekalaksananan Tipaya
Published: November 2024

Dysregulated long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression is linked to various cancers and may be influenced by oncogenic Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection, a known and detectable risk factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. However, research on the oncogenic role of EBV-induced lncRNAs in OSCC is limited. To identify lncRNA-associated EBV infection and OSCC carcinogenesis, the differential expression of RNA-seq datasets from paired normal adjacent and OSCC tissues, and microarray data from EBV-negative and EBV-positive SCC25 cells, were identified and selected, respectively, for interaction, functional analysis, and CCK-8 cell proliferation, wound healing, and invasion Transwell assays. In OSCC tissues, 6731 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified when compared to normal tissues from RNA-seq datasets, with 295 linked to EBV-induced OSCC carcinogenesis from microarray datasets. The EBV-induced lncRNA VWA8-AS1 showed significant upregulation in EBV-positive SCC25 cells and EBV-infected adjacent and OSCC tissue samples. VWA8-AS1 potentially promotes OSCC via the lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA axis or direct protein interactions, affecting various cellular processes. Studies in OSCC cell lines revealed that elevated VWA8-AS1 levels enhanced cell migration and invasion. This study demonstrates VWA8-AS1’s contribution to tumor progression and possible interactions with its targets in OSCC, offering insights for future research on functional mechanisms and therapeutic targets in EBV-associated OSCC.
Chemical Composition, Physiological and Morphological Variations in Salvia subg. Perovskia Populations in Response to Different Salinity Levels
Authors: Ghaffari Zahra , Rahimmalek Mehdi , Sabzalian Mohammad R. , Arzani Ahmad , Kiani Razieh , Gharibi Shima , Wróblewska Katarzyna , Szumny Antoni
Published: November 2024

This study evaluated the salinity tolerance of five populations of Salvia subg. Perovskia (S. abrotanoides and S. yadngii). The aims of the study were to assess essential oil components, as well as growth and physiological parameters of two Salvia species in response to salt stress. Four different levels of salinity (0, 60, 90, and 120 mM NaCl) were applied. The effects of various concentrations of NaCl on essential oil content, composition, growth, water relation, proline, lipid peroxidation (MDA), hydrogen peroxide content, and antioxidant enzyme activity, as well as Na and K contents in leaves and the roots were evaluated. The results revealed that root dry weight loss was higher than that of shoots, indicating root vulnerability due to direct exposure to the salt stress. The lowest and highest oil content was obtained in PATKH (0.6%) at 60 mM and PABAD (0.6%) in 90 mM to 2.16% in PABSM population under 120 mM NaCl. Based on GC-MS analysis, 1,8-cineol (11.64 to 22.02%), camphor (2.67 to 27.14%), bornyl acetate (2.12 to 11.07%), borneol (2.38 to 24.37%), β-caryophyllene (3.24 to 7.58%), α-humulene (2.97 to 7.92%), and δ-3-carene (5.31 to 26.65%) were the most abundant compounds. Based on the principal component analysis (PCA), the most salinity-tolerant populations belonged to P. abrotanoides species. These populations are characterized by high root stress tolerance index (STI), root elements, and relative water content (RWC) with elevated levels of salinity stress. Finally, the findings might be useful in unraveling the salinity tolerance mechanisms for integrating stress tolerance with medicinal qualities in future studies.
Surface Display of Multiple Metal-Binding Domains in Deinococcus radiodurans Alleviates Cadmium and Lead Toxicity in Rice
Authors: Wang Liangyan , Wang Yudong , Dai Shang , Wang Binqiang
Published: November 2024

Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are the primary hazardous heavy metals that accumulate in crops and pose substantial risks to public health via the food chain. Limiting the migration of these toxic metals from contaminated environments to rice is the most direct and crucial remediation approach. Bioremediation with microorganisms has been extensively utilized for managing heavy metal contamination in the natural environment, and the interplay between microbes and crops is important to alleviate heavy metal stress. Here, we express Lpp-OmpA fused with two metal-binding domains (PbBD and MTT5) in the outer membrane of Deinococcus radiodurans to enhance both Cd and Pb adsorption. Our results showed that the recombinant strain LOPM, which displayed an increased tolerance to both Cd and Pb stress, exhibited a 4.9-fold higher Cd adsorption and 3.2-fold higher Pb adsorption compared to wild-type strain R1. After LOPM cells colonized the rice root, Cd content reduced to 47.0% in root and 43.4% in shoot; Pb content reduced to 55.4% in root and 26.9% in shoot, as compared to the plant’s exposure to Cd and Pb. In addition, cells of LOPM strain colonized on rice roots alleviate Cd- and Pb-induced oxidative stress by reducing ROS levels and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities in rice. This study supplies a promising application of genetic-engineering extremophile bacteria in reducing heavy metal accumulation and toxicity in rice.
Genome-Wide Association Study and Marker Development for Fusarium Oxysporum Root Rot Resistance in Soybean
Authors: Wang Yuhe , Han Jinfeng , Meng Xiangkun , Sun Maolin , Qu Shuo , Liu Yuanyuan , Li Yongguang , Zhan Yuhang , Teng Weili , Li Haiyan , Zhao Xue , Han Yingpeng
Published: November 2024

Fusarium oxysporum root rot (FORR) is an important disease threatening soybean production. The development of marker-assisted selection (MAS) molecular markers will help accelerate the disease resistance breeding process and achieve the breeding goal of improving soybean disease resistance. This study evaluated the FORR disease resistance of 356 soybean germplasm accessions (SGAs) and screened resistance-related loci using genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) to develop molecular markers for MAS. A total of 1,355,930 high-quality SNPs were analyzed, 150 SNP sites significantly associated with FORR resistance were identified, and these sites were distributed within 41 QTLs. Additionally, 240 candidate genes were screened near these QTL regions, involving multiple functions such as hormone metabolism, signal transduction, stress defense, and growth regulation. Cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) and Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) molecular markers were developed based on candidate genes with significant SNP loci and beneficial haplotypes. The CAPS markers, S15_50486939-CAPS1 and S15_50452626-CAPS2, can effectively distinguish resistant and sensitive genotypes through enzyme digestion. The KASP marker is based on S07_19078765-G/T and exhibits a genotype clustering pattern consistent with disease resistance, demonstrating its application value in breeding. The CAPS and KASP markers developed in this study can provide reliable tools for MAS in FORR disease-resistant varieties. The research results will help reveal the genetic structure of FORR disease resistance and provide support for efficient breeding.
The Estrogen–Autophagy Axis: Insights into Cytoprotection and Therapeutic Potential in Cancer and Infection
Authors: Zhao Ying , Klionsky Daniel J. , Wang Xin , Huang Qiaoying , Deng Zixin , Xiang Jin
Published: November 2024

Macroautophagy, commonly referred to as autophagy, is an essential cytoprotective mechanism that plays a significant role in cellular homeostasis. It has emerged as a promising target for drug development aimed at treating various cancers and infectious diseases. However, the scientific community has yet to reach a consensus on the most effective approach to manipulating autophagy, with ongoing debates about whether its inhibition or stimulation is preferable for managing these complex conditions. One critical factor contributing to the variability in treatment responses for both cancers and infectious diseases is estrogen, a hormone known for its diverse biological effects. Given the strong correlations observed between estrogen signaling and autophagy, this review seeks to summarize the intricate molecular mechanisms that underlie the dual cytoprotective effects of estrogen signaling in conjunction with autophagy. We highlight recent findings from studies that involve various ligands, disease contexts, and cell types, including immune cells. Furthermore, we discuss several factors that regulate autophagy in the context of estrogen’s influence. Ultimately, we propose a hypothetical model to elucidate the regulatory effects of the estrogen–autophagy axis on cell fate. Understanding these interactions is crucial for advancing our knowledge of related diseases and facilitating the development of innovative treatment strategies.
The Influence of Juglans regia L. Extract and Ellagic Acid on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Bone Regeneration Biomarkers
Authors: Hanga-Farcas Alina , Fritea Luminita , Filip Gabriela Adriana , Clichici Simona , Vicas Laura Gratiela , Toma Vlad-Alexandru , Marian Eleonora , Gligor Felicia Gabriela , Abu Dayyih Wael , Muresan Mariana Eugenia
Published: November 2024

Bone regeneration is a highly dynamic and complex process that involves hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal cells, collagen fibers, non-collagenous proteins and biomolecules from extracellular matrices, and different cytokines and immune cells, as well as growth factors and hormones. Some phytochemicals due to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects can modulate the bone signaling pathways and improve bone healing and thus can be a good candidate for osteoregeneration. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of Juglans regia L. extract compared to ellagic acid on bone neoformation in rats. The animals with a 5 mm calvaria defect were divided into four groups (n = 10): group 1 was treated with ellagic acid 1% (EA), group 2 was treated with Juglans regia L. extract 10% (JR), group 3 was treated with a biphasic mix of hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate (Ceraform), and group 4 was treated with vehicle inert gel with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). After 3 weeks of treatment, blood samples were collected for oxidative stress and inflammation assessment. Additionally, the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) and hydroxyproline levels were quantified in blood. The skull samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy in order to detect the modifications in the four groups. The results suggested that JR extract had relevant anti-oxidant effect and bone protective activity and generated the accumulation of Ca and P, demonstrating the potential therapeutic abilities in bone regeneration.
Improving Antimicrobial Properties of Biopolymer-Based Films in Food Packaging: Key Factors and Their Impact
Authors: Wardejn Sonia , Wacławek Stanisław , Dudek Gabriela
Published: November 2024

Biodegradable films derived from polysaccharides are increasingly considered eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic packaging in the food industry. The study’s purpose was to improve the antimicrobial properties of biopolymer-based films made from starch, chitosan, alginate, and their blends (starch/chitosan and starch/alginate) and to evaluate the effects of modifiers, i.e., plant extracts, plasticizers, cross-linking agents, and nanofillers. Films were prepared via the Solution Casting Method and modified with various plasticizers, calcium chloride, oxidized sucrose, and nanofiber cellulose (NC). Chestnut, nettle, grape, and graviola extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. The film’s mechanical and hydrophilic properties were studied as well. The chestnut extract showed the strongest antimicrobial properties, leading to its incorporation in all the films. The chitosan films displayed better antibacterial activity against Gram-positive than Gram-negative bacteria but were ineffective against C. albicans. NC significantly improved the mechanical and antimicrobial properties of the chitosan films. The alginate films, modified with various plasticizers cross-linked with calcium chloride, demonstrated the highest antimicrobial efficacy against E. coli. The starch films, cross-linked with oxidized sucrose, exhibited slightly lower antimicrobial resistance due to a more compact structure. Films such as ALG6 and ALG5, including plasticizers EPGOS and PGOS, respectively, indicated optimal hydrophilicity and mechanical properties and achieved the best antimicrobial performance against all the investigated microorganisms. All these findings highlight the potential of these biodegradable films for food packaging, offering enhanced antimicrobial activity that prolongs shelf life and reduces spoilage, making them promising candidates for sustainable food preservation.
Soft-Computing Analysis and Prediction of the Mechanical Properties of High-Volume Fly-Ash Concrete Containing Plastic Waste and Graphene Nanoplatelets
Authors: Adamu Musa , Ibrahim Yasser E. , Jibril Mahmud M.
Published: November 2024

The rising population and demand for plastic materials lead to increasing plastic waste (PW) annually, much of which is sent to landfills without adequate recycling, posing serious environmental risks globally. PWs are grinded to smaller sizes and used as aggregates in concrete, where they improve environmental and materials sustainability. On the other hand, PW causes a significant reduction in the mechanical properties and durability of concrete. To mitigate the negative effects of PW, highly reactive pozzolanic materials are normally added as additives to the concrete. In this study, PW was used as a partial substitute for coarse aggregate, and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were used as additives to high-volume fly-ash concrete (HVFAC). Utilizing PW as aggregates and GNPs as additives has been found to enhance the mechanical properties of HVFAC. Hence, this study employed two machine-learning (ML) models, namely Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) and Elman Neural Network (ELNN), to forecast the mechanical properties of HVFAC. The study input variables were PW, FA, GNP, W/C, CP, density, and slump, where the target variables are compressive strength (CS), modulus of elasticity (ME), splitting tensile strength (STS), and flexural strength (FS). A total of 240 datasets were employed in this study and divided into calibration (70%) and validation (30%) sets. During the prediction of the CS, it was found that GPR-M3 outperforms all other models with an R-value equal to 0.9930 and PCC value of 0.9929 in the calibration phase, and R-value = 0.9505 and PCC = 0.9339 in the verification phase. Additionally, during the modeling of FS, it was also noticed that GPR-M3 surpasses all other combinations with R = 0.9973 and PCC = 0.9973 in calibration and R = 0.9684 and PCC = 0.9428 in the verification phase. Moreover, in ME modeling, GPR-M3 is the best modeling combination and shows high accuracy with R = 0.9945 and PCC = 0.9945 in calibration and R = 0.9665 and PCC = 0.9584 in the verification phase. On the other hand, GPR-M3 outperforms all other models during the modeling of STS with R = 0.9856 and PCC = 0.9855 in calibration, and R = 0.9482 and PCC = 0.9353 in the verification phase. Further quantitative analysis shows that, in the prediction of CS, the GPR improves the prediction accuracy of ELNN by 0.49%, while during the prediction of the splitting tensile strength, it was also found that the GPR improved the accuracy of ELNN by 1.54%. In FS prediction, it was also improved by 7.66%, while in ME, it was improved by 4.9%. In conclusion, this AI-based model proves how accurate and effective it was to employ an ML-based model in forecasting the mechanical properties of HVFAC.
Coordination Modes of Para-Substituted Benzoates Towards Divalent Copper Centers in the Presence of Diimines
Authors: Frantzana Eirini , Loukas Ioannis , Hatzidimitriou Antonios G. , Tzimopoulos Demetrios , Akrivos Pericles
Published: November 2024

The coordination modes of several para-substituted benzoates towards a copper(II) center is investigated in the presence of α-diimines. The coordination environment of the metal ion also includes nitrogen atoms from 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) or 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy) and, occasionally, oxygen atoms from coordinated water, ethanol molecules or nitrate ions. The compounds are investigated by visible and infrared spectroscopy and by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Although the reaction scheme involved equimolar amounts of the reactants, compounds with metal-to-benzoate-to-diimine ratios of 1:2:1, 1:1:2 and 1:1:1 are realized, being either neutral or cationic in nature and either mono- or dinuclear. The better coordinating ability of nitrate relative to perchlorate is verified, as well as the subtle role of the para-substituent on the coordination mode of the benzoate and consequently on the overall structure of the compounds formed.
Diversity Survey of a Pine Leafhopper Genus Pinopona Viraktamath & Sohi (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Koebeliini: Grypotina) in Yunnan Province, with Description of Two New Species
Authors: Lu Lin , Zhang Yalin
Published: November 2024

The pine leafhopper genus Pinopona Viraktamath & Sohi was previously classified within the tribe Grypotini. In a recognized classification system, it has been categorized as the subtribe Grypotina of the tribe Koebeliini within Deltocephalinae, based on morphological characteristics such as a crown exhibiting few transverse fine striations along the anterior margin; short antennae measuring less than 1.5 times the head length but not extending to half or more of body length; ocelli positioned below the anterior margin of the crown and not visible from above, with a considerable distance from the eyes; and an anteclypeus that is narrow and tapered beyond the anterior margin of gena, alongside metatarsomere I presenting platellae on the plantar surface. Two new species, Pinopona gongshanensis and Pinopona daliensis spp. nov., are described herein from Yunnan Province and illustrated accordingly. This study also provides a checklist and key for all species within this genus.
Iron Deficiency Anemia and Dyslipidemia Among Hospital Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study in Turkey
Authors: Medeni Volkan , Aygür Rabia , Medeni İrem , Türk Kübra Nur , Uğraş Dikmen Asiye , İlhan Mustafa Necmi
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Anemia and dyslipidemia are significant health concerns that affect individual health and societal development. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia and dyslipidemia among nurses in a university hospital in Turkey and explore potential relationships between these conditions. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 712 nurses who underwent periodic health examinations. Data on demographic characteristics, hemoglobin, iron parameters, ferritin, transferrin saturation, and lipid profile were analyzed. People with all four hemoglobin, iron, ferritin, and transferrin saturation values lower than normal ranges at the same time were considered to have iron deficiency anemia. Results: Iron deficiency anemia prevalence was 10.7%, with no cases observed in male nurses or those aged 51 and older. Among the nurses, approximately 16.3% had low hemoglobin levels, 16.6% had low hematocrit levels, 30.6% had low ferritin levels, 36.0% had low transferrin saturation, 40.3% had low iron levels, and 24.9% high iron-binding capacity. Elevated total cholesterol was observed in 34.8%, high LDL in 29.6%, low HDL in 27.0%, and elevated triglycerides in 15.0%. Nurses with iron deficiency anemia had significantly lower triglyceride levels than those without. Weak positive correlations were found between triglycerides and hemoglobin, iron, ferritin, and transferrin levels. Additionally, higher total cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride levels were associated with increased hemoglobin levels. Conclusions: This study highlights the high prevalence of iron deficiency anemia and dyslipidemia among hospital nurses, with a notable association between these conditions and factors such as age, gender, and dietary habits. Our findings underscore the need for healthcare services to prioritize the prevention, diagnosis, and management of these health issues in healthcare workers. A comprehensive approach, including regular screenings, dietary improvements, and addressing workplace factors could improve health outcomes and enhance healthcare delivery.
Reply to Teng et al. Comment on “Drozdowska-Szymczak et al. Incidence and Risk Factors of Cholestasis in Newborns with Hemolytic Disease—A Case-Control Study. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 3190”
Authors: Drozdowska-Szymczak Agnieszka , Mazanowska Natalia , Pomianek Tomasz , Ludwin Artur , Krajewski Paweł
Published: November 2024

We would like to express our sincere gratitude for your thoughtful review of our article [...]
Short-Term Effects of Cooled Radiofrequency Ablation on Walking Ability in Japanese Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Hiromura Kentaro , Kitajima Hironori , Hatakenaka Chie , Shimizu Yoshiaki , Miyagaki Terumasa , Mori Masayuki , Nakashima Kazuhei , Fuku Atsushi , Hirata Hiroaki , Tachi Yoshiyuki , Kaneuji Ayumi
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a degenerative joint disease typically managed with conservative treatments, such as anti-inflammatory medications and intra-articular hyaluronic acid injections; however, advanced cases may eventually require surgical intervention. Recently, cooled radiofrequency ablation (CRFA) has emerged as a novel treatment option for alleviating KOA-related pain by temporarily disabling pain-transmitting nerves. This study evaluated the short-term effects of CRFA on pain relief and walking ability in KOA patients, with a specific focus on functional improvements in walking capacity. Methods: This study included 58 patients (71 knees) with KOA who underwent CRFA after experiencing inadequate pain control with conservative treatments. The cohort consisted of 28 men and 30 women, with a mean age of 75.2 years (55–90). Under ultrasound guidance, CRFA was performed on the superior lateral geniculate nerve, superior medial geniculate nerve, and inferior medial geniculate nerve, with each targeted nerve ablated. Pre- and post-procedural evaluations (one month after CRFA) included assessments of visual analog scale (VAS) scores for pain at rest and during walking, range of motion (ROM), knee extensor strength, walking speed, and gait stability. Results: Significant improvements in the mean VAS (rest/walking) and mean walking speed (comfortable/maximum) were observed following CRFA. However, no significant changes were noted in ROM, knee extensor strength, or walking stability. Conclusions: These findings suggest that rehabilitation may be essential to further enhance walking stability. Overall, CRFA appears to be a promising short-term treatment option for reducing VAS pain scores and enhancing walking speed in patients with KOA.
Sentinel Lymph Node Detection in Early-Stage Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using Magnetic Resonance Lymphography: A Pilot Study
Authors: Donders Dominique N. V. , Mahieu Rutger , Tellman Roosmarijn S. , Philippens Marielle E. P. , van Es Robert J. J. , Van Cann Ellen M. , Breimer Gerben E. , de Bree Remco , de Keizer Bart
Published: November 2024

Objectives: To assess the efficacy of magnetic resonance (MR) lymphography with gadobutrol contrast for sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping in early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: This pilot study compared the identification of SLNs by MR lymphography using a gadolinium-based contrast agent (gadobutrol) to conventional [99mTc]Tc-nanocolloid lymphoscintigraphy (including single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT)) in 10 early-stage OSCC patients undergoing SLN biopsy. The patients initially underwent conventional lymphoscintigraphy following the peritumoral administration of indocyanine green [99mTc]Tc-nanocolloid (120 megabecquerel; ~0.5 mL). Subsequently, 0.5–1.0 mL gadobutrol was peritumorally injected, and MR imaging was acquired for 30 min. The following day, the identified SLNs were harvested and subjected to a histopathological assessment. The MR lymphography and [99mTc]Tc-nanocolloid lymphoscintigraphy results were evaluated and compared with respect to those of the SLN identification. The reference standard consisted of a histopathological evaluation of the harvested SLNs, complementary neck dissection specimens, and follow-up data. Results: The MR lymphography detected 16 out of 27 SLNs identified by [99mTc]Tc-nanocolloid lymphoscintigraphy, revealing an additional SLN that did not harbor metastasis. MR lymphography failed to identify any SLNs in one patient. Of the seven histopathologically positive SLNs detected by [99mTc]Tc-nanocolloid lymphoscintigraphy, three were identified by MR lymphography. All patients remained disease-free after a median follow-up of 16 months. Compared to [99mTc]Tc-nanocolloid lymphoscintigraphy, MR lymphography using gadobutrol achieved an SLN identification rate of 59%, a sensitivity of 75%, and a negative predictive value of 86%. Conclusions: MR lymphography using gadobutrol demonstrates limited reliability for SLN mapping in early-stage OSCC.
The Impact of Neurological Complications in Endocarditis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sanguettoli Federico , Marchini Federico , Frascaro Federica , Zanarelli Luca , Campo Gianluca , Sinning Christoph , Tan Timothy C. , Pavasini Rita
Published: November 2024

Background: Infective endocarditis (IE) is associated with significant neurological complications (NCs). The impact of neurological sequelae due to IE, however, is not well characterized. Thus, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine whether patients who experienced NCs from IE had worse outcomes compared to those without neurological complications. Methods: We conducted a systematic and comprehensive literature search of MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and BioMed Central (PROSPERO registration ID: CRD42024518651). Data on the primary outcome of all-cause mortality and the secondary outcome of surgical timing were extracted from 25 observational studies on patients with confirmed IE, both with and without NC. Results: In the pooled total of patients with IE, NCs were present in 23.7% (60.8% ischaemic stroke and 16.4% haemorrhagic stroke). All-cause mortality was significantly higher in patients with IE and NCs (OR 1.78, CI 1.47–2.17, p < 0.0001) compared to those without, particularly in those with major neurological events (OR 2.18, CI 1.53–3.10, p < 0.0001). Conversely, minor or asymptomatic strokes showed no significant correlation with mortality (OR 1.10, CI 0.82–1.47, p = 0.543). There was no significant difference in the timing of surgical intervention (standardized mean difference −0.53, CI −1.67 to 0.61, p = 0.359) between the two patient groups. Conclusions: Major NCs due to infective endocarditis were associated with a significantly increased all-cause mortality. This underscores the critical importance of early recognition and management strategies tailored to the severity of neurological events.
Personalizing Prediction of High Opioid Use in the Neurointensive Care Unit: Development and Validation of a Stratified Risk Model for Acute Brain Injury Due to Stroke or Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Wang Wei Yun , Holland Ian C. , Fong Christine T. , Blacker Samuel N. , Lele Abhijit V.
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to develop and validate a stratified risk model for predicting high opioid use in patients with acute brain injury due to stroke or traumatic brain injury (TBI) admitted to a neurocritical care intensive care unit. Methods: We examined the factors associated with the use of high-opioids (≥75th quartile, ≥17.5 oral morphine equivalent/ICU day) in a retrospective cohort study including patients with acute ischemic stroke, spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage, and TBI. We then developed, trained, and validated a risk model to predict high-dose opioids. Results: Among 2490 patients aged 45–64 years (β = −0.25), aged 65–80 years (β = −0.97), and aged ≥80 years (β = −1.17), a history of anxiety/depression (β = 0.57), a history of illicit drug use (β = 0.79), admission diagnosis (β = 1.21), lowest Glasgow Coma Scale Score (GCSL) [GCSL 3–8 (β = −0.90], {GCS L 9–12 ((β = −0.34)], mechanical ventilation (β = 1.21), intracranial pressure monitoring (β = 0.69), craniotomy/craniectomy (β = 0.6), and paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (β = 1.12) were found to be significant predictors of high-dose opioid use. When validated, the model demonstrated an area under the curve ranging from 0.72 to 0.82, accuracy ranging from 0.68 to 0.91, precision ranging from 0.71 to 0.94, recall ranging from 0.75 to 1, and F1 ranging from 0.74 to 0.95. Conclusions: A personalized stratified risk model may allow clinicians to predict the risk of high opioid use in patients with acute brain injury due to stroke or TBI. Findings need validation in multi-center cohorts.