bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mobile marketing: uma abordagem sobre publicidade via SMS
Authors: Silva Alandey Severo Leite da , Rabelo Neto Alexandre , Luna Roger Augusto , Cavalcante Gustavo Teotonio de Oliveira , Moura Alexandre Ramos de
Published: March 2019

The increasing use of mobile devices is becoming most important to the execution of marketing actions through mobile systems. According to Ibope (2013), eMarketer estimates that global investment in mobile advertising will triple in 2015, which shows the growing importance of the mobile environment in the business world. This article aims to analyze the factors that influence the acceptance of advertising by SMS from students in public universities of Campina Grande/PB, using Marisavo et al. (2007)’s model. Based on said model, a questionnaire was developed, proposed and answered by 200 students of two public universities. The results showed that the factor that most influences positively the acceptance of advertising by SMS is the perception of control that consumers have about receiving this type of advertising.
Escala de inovatividade organizacional: evidências de validação para o contexto brasileiro
Authors: Silva Renata Gonçalves Santos , Broilo Patrícia Liebesny , Frio Ricardo Saraiva , Sampaio Claudio Hoffmann , Perin Marcelo Gattermann
Published: March 2019

Against the overlap of concepts and measurements regarding organizational innovativeness, Ruvio et al. (2014) present a multidimensional definition of the construct and validate a scale for its operationalization. The present study aimed to validate this scale in the Brazilian context. Additionally, focusing the construct nomological validity, the study aimed to empirically verify the relationship between organizational innovativeness on its five dimensions and the level of innovation of the organization. A survey was conducted with participation of 165 executives of organizations from various sectors.  The results validate the scale for usage in the Brazilian context and indicate that organizational innovativennes is as a predictive variable of the degree of innovation, which tends to impact firms performance in the long run.
Transparência em Instituições de Microfinança Africanas
Authors: Marconatto Diego Antonio Bittencourt , Barin-Cruz Luciano , Legoux Renaud
Published: March 2019

The lack of transparency in African microfinance institutions (MFIs) is believed to delay the dissemination of microfinance in the continent. In this study, we focus on the question of how organizational characteristics and governmental corruption influence the transparency of African MFIs. Our results show that MFIs’ maturity and larger size improve transparency in African MFIs, while a nonprofit status or a focus on small businesses do not lead to the same improvement. Regulation, in turn, makes African MFIs less transparent. Our findings also reveal the impact of governmental corruption on the relationship between organizational characteristics and MFIs’ transparency in Africa: less corruption enhances the transparency of all MFIs, excepting for the regulated ones. Finally, we show that in countries with high levels of corruption, the MFIs that should be supported in becoming more transparent are the nonprofits, those dedicated to small businesses, and the regulated MFIs.
Education, culture and regional development: reflections on the creative economy
Authors: Silva Michele Lins Aracaty , Costa Marcela Froes da
Published: March 2019

The creative economy or knowledge economy (new economy) has been the object of public policies focused on creativity in order to generate opportunities and employment and income. Based on this worldwide phenomenon, this research aims to study the Creative Economy in Manaus from 2010 to 2015, based on the analysis of the main creative segments found (Cultural Expressions, Music, Biotechnology and R D), and besides pointing out the main programs and actions aimed at the promotion of these creative segments. For that, a bibliographic study of scientific articles and books was done, as well as the documentary study, through the Mapping of Brazilian Creative Industries with data provided by FIRJAN (2016). In addition, the observational method was used in which the behavior of the economic variables of the creative indicators, which are: level of qualification and distribution by gender, geographical location and local investment, total of professionals in the labor market and average salary were analyzed methodically. The study presented the characteristics of each creative segment based on the creative indicators and their variables, thus, determining their behavior in the proposed period, (the highest levels of professional growth in the labor market, levels of salaries, qualification and how is the distribution by gender).
Desempenho do programa de pré-incubação como catalisador do empreendedorismo inovador
Authors: Frizzo Kamila , Ferreira Maria Carolina Zanini , Motke Francies Diego , Gomes Beatriz Maffini , Teixeira Clarissa Stefani , Silva Silon Júnior Procath da
Published: March 2019

In late 2014, the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) created the Innovation and Technology Transfer Office (AGITTEC) with one of the goals to create a technology incubator. To achieve this, the university launched a pre-incubation program in order to train potential entrepreneurs. The program aimed to select technological development projects that had not yet found a company and required basic initial training. Therefore, the pre-incubation program and its performance among those involved (participants who completed the program, mentors, and lecturers) were analyzed and described in a descriptive and quali-quantitative manner.  Questionnaires for performance analysis of the services provided were elaborated from the structure and program activities and composed of closed questions in which respondents indicated on an interval scale of 1 to 5 (lowest to highest level of assessment) or the option “does not apply” (represented by the number zero). The results concluded that the pre-incubation program was essential for all participating projects by showing which activities should be prioritized in future programs.
Improved Junction Body Flow Modeling Through Data-Driven Symbolic Regression
Authors: Weatheritt Jack , Sandberg Richard David
Published: March 2019

A novel data-driven turbulence modeling framework is presented and applied to the problem of junction body flow. In particular, a symbolic regression approach is used to find nonlinear analytical expressions of the turbulent stress-strain coupling that are ready for implementation in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solvers using Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) closures. Results from baseline linear RANS closure calculations of a finite square-mounted cylinder with a Reynolds number of 11; 000, based on diameter and freestream velocity, are shown to considerably overpredict the separated flow region downstream of the square cylinder, mainly because of the failure of the model to accurately represent the complex vortex structure generated by the junction flow. In the present study, a symbolic regression tool built on a gene expression programming technique is used to find a nonlinear constitutive stress-strain relationship. In short, the algorithm finds the most appropriate linear combination of basis functions and spatially varying coefficients that approximate the turbulent stress tensor from high-fidelity data. Here, the high-fidelity data, or the so-called training data, were obtained from a hybrid RANS/Large Eddy Simulation (LES) calculation also developed with symbolic regression that showed excellent agreement with direct numerical simulation data. The present study, therefore, also demonstrates that training data required for RANS closure development can be obtained using computationally more affordable approaches, such as hybrid RANS/LES. A procedure is presented to evaluate which of the individual basis functions that are available for model development are most likely to produce a successful nonlinear closure. A new model is built using those basis functions only. This new model is then tested, i.e., an actual CFD calculation is performed, on the well-known periodic hills case and produces significantly better results than the linear baseline model, despite this test case being fundamentally different from the training case. Finally, the new model is shown to also improve predictive accuracy for a surface-mounted cube placed in a channel at a cube height Reynolds number of 40; 000 over traditional linear RANS closures.
Quem influencia as influenciadoras digitais? Comunicação, tendência e moda no Instagram
Authors:   Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Gentil Olívia Blanc Gomes Coelho , Cipiniuk Alberto
Published: March 2019

Este artigo busca descrever e analisar o fenômeno dos chamados “influenciadores digitais”, personagens célebres nas redes sociais que usam de sua influência para promover produtos do mercado da moda. Iniciaremos falando sobre gosto, que ao contrario do hegemonicamente pensando não é pessoal e sim resultante de um processo coercitivo imposto pelo grupo social que vivemos. Ao longo do texto falaremos como a comunicação mediada por computadores altera a forma como produtos de moda vêm sendo consumidos por quem segue as influenciadoras e analisamos como isso vem sendo utilizado pelas marcas para gerar vendas. Para isso, articulamos este fenômeno à noção teórica de “microcelebridade” (BRAGA, 2008), de modo a compreender a relação entre as influenciadoras digitais e a cadeia produtiva da indústria e comércio de vestuário.
Self-Efficacy Beliefs of Novice French as a Second Language Teachers: A Case Study of Ontario Teachers
Authors: Cooke Shelley , Faez Farahnaz
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the self-efficacy beliefs of novice elementary French as a second language (FSL) teachers. A mixed methods approach was used to investigate self-efficacy appraisals of core French (n = 14) and French immersion (n = 13) teachers in delivering instruction in FSL programs. A questionnaire was administered that explored teachers’ self-perceived efficacy in four categories: general teaching methodology, second language pedagogy, language proficiency, and cultural knowledge.  Findings revealed that both groups of participants did not perceive themselves to be particularly confident in delivering instruction upon completion of their teacher education programs. The self-perceived confidence in FSL teaching abilities of both groups increased with classroom experience. However, French immersion teachers reported a higher sense of efficacy than their core French colleagues in all four categories. Implications of the findings for core French and French immersion programs as well as FSL teacher preparation programs are discussed.
Développement de la compétence linguistique permettant l’accord du verbe en nombre à l’écrit chez des élèves de l’élémentaire en contexte minoritaire
Authors: Thibeault Joël , Fleuret Carole , Lefrançois Pascale
Published: March 2019

La présente recherche explore le développement de la compétence linguistique qui permet l’accord du verbe en nombre à l’écrit chez huit élèves scolarisés en français dans le sud-ouest de l’Ontario, un milieu francophone minoritaire. Grâce à une conceptualisation qui unit les travaux de chercheurs en langues première et seconde, et à l’analyse des données issues d’une activité de complètement et de productions écrites, nous avons fait émerger trois profils développementaux : le premier groupe de scripteurs fait montre d’une compétence opérationnelle en début d’étude, celle-ci demeurant relativement stable au gré des 13 mois de la recherche. Le deuxième groupe peine à orthographier la marque prototypique de la pluralité verbale au commencement de l’étude et exerce, du début à la fin, un contrôle orthographique lacunaire pour ce qui est de l’objet linguistique retenu. Le dernier groupe, analogue au regroupement précédent en début d’étude, présente un développement rapide au cours de la recherche. Nous discutons les résultats en fonction des recherches menées en langues première et seconde, et mettons l’accent sur les spécificités qui sous-tendent l’apprentissage du français écrit en situation de minorité linguistique.
Complex N‐glycan promotes CD133 mono‐ubiquitination and secretion
Authors: Li Yinan , Shi Danfang , Yang Fan , Chen Xiaoning , Xing Yang , Liang Ziwei , Zhuang Jianhui , Liu Weitao , Gong Ye , Jiang Jianhai , Wei Yuanyan
Published: March 2019

CD133 is a widely used cell surface marker of cancer stem cells that plays an important role in tumor initiation and metastasis. Increasing evidence shows that CD133 is secreted to the extracellular space. However, the underlying mechanisms of CD133 secretion remain largely unknown. In this study, we report that secreted CD133 has a complex‐type N‐glycosylation and is modified by beta1,6GlcNAc N‐glycan. We found that inhibition of CD133 complex‐type N‐glycosylation by swainsonine does not affect the membrane localization of CD133, but significantly reduces CD133 secretion and promotes its accumulation in early endosomes. Moreover, swainsonine reduces CD133 secretion by reducing its mono‐ubiquitination and inhibiting the interaction between CD133 and Tsg101. These findings reveal a new mechanism of glycosylation‐dependent secretion of CD133.
Studying Pollution in Rivers by Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Knapik Heloise G. , Leithold Juliana , de Azevedo Julio C. , Fernandes Cristovão V.
Published: March 2019

Highly urbanized watersheds exert strong pressure on water resources, since when organic matters present in anthropogenic effluents are in excess, especially labile fractions, a strong impact on degradation of water quality, aquatic fauna and flora, and the overall ecosystem is often observed. Robust monitoring strategies are therefore required to better estimate the organic pollution in urban rivers. Fluorescence spectroscopy is being used for organic matter identification and characterization in several environments, with well‐known and widely documented procedures, data handling, analysis, and interpretation. In terms of water quality planning and management in urban rivers, the combination of conventional analytical methods (e.g. biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC)) with fluorescence spectroscopy and the development of in situ technologies are vital to improve our understanding of the watershed dynamics, track the organic pollution sources and pathways, and, consequently, help predict future trends under changing environment with increasing human pressure. In this article, we present a synthesis on the application of fluorescence spectroscopy in urban rivers, focusing on (i) the organic matter sources and transformation mechanisms, (ii) how the techniques have been used, the main advantages, disadvantages, interferences, and the potential for future works, and (iii) challenges in water quality planning and management.
The Problematic Nature of Fibromyalgia Diagnosis in the Community
Authors: Srinivasan Sachin , Maloney Eamon , Wright Brynn , Kennedy Michael , Kallail K. James , Rasker Johannes J. , Häuser Winfried , Wolfe Frederick
Published: March 2019

Background

Recently, some studies suggested that clinical diagnosis of fibromyalgia is inaccurate and does not reflect current definitions. However, this hypothesis has not been tested. We examined whether fibromyalgia was accurately diagnosed in the community.

Methods

We surveyed 3276 primary care patients to determine current fibromyalgia status by criteria (CritFM). We also determined whether the patients had a physician's diagnosis of fibromyalgia (MDFM) and the level of symptom severity as measured by the polysymptomatic distress scale (PSD).

Results

The prevalence of MDFM and CritFM was 6.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.3%, 6.9%) and 5.5% (95% CI 4.8%, 6.3%), respectively. However, only 32.2% with MDFM met 2016 criteria (CritFM), and only 35.4% with CritFM also had MDFM. The kappa statistic for diagnostic agreement was 0.296 (minimal agreement). The mean PSD score was 12.4 and 18.4 in MDFM and CritFM, respectively. The odds ratio for being a woman compared with being a man was 3.2 for MDFM versus 1.9 for CritFM, P = 0.023. Of the patients with MDFM, 68.3% received specific fibromyalgia pharmacotherapy.

Conclusions

There is little agreement between MDFM and CritFM. Only one‐third of MDFM satisfy fibromyalgia criteria, and only one‐third of patients who meet the criteria have a clinical diagnosis of fibromyalgia. Physician diagnosis is biased and more likely in women. Fibromyalgia treatment is common in MDFM (70.7%). Overall, MDFM appears subjective and unrelated to fibromyalgia criteria. There appears to be no common definition of fibromyalgia in the community.
President's proposed budget would slash treatment and prevention funding
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: March 2019

We had a feeling of déjà vu when the White House sent its proposed budget to Congress last week. Similar to past years, the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) would be decimated, moving the $100 million Drug‐Free Communities program to the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP) at the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). There's no additional money in the Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment (SAPT) block grant and cuts to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, CSAP and SAMHSA's Center for Substance Abuse Treatment.
Feds hit leaders of closed Ohio center with Suboxone‐related Medicaid fraud charges
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: March 2019

Details of indictments handed down last month against six former leaders with the now‐closed Braking Point Recovery Center in Ohio read like a laundry list of the most egregious abuses of a system intended to save the lives of individuals with opioid use disorders (OUDs).
Risk of teen cannabis use includes suicidality and depression
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: March 2019

The risk at the individual level from cannabis use is moderate to low, in general. However, because so many adolescents are now consuming it, the number of young people who could develop depression and suicidality as a result is large, researchers have found. This is a problem that needs a public health policy response, they concluded in their study, “Association of Cannabis Use in Adolescence and Risk of Depression, Anxiety, and Suicidality in Young Adulthood: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis,” published in the February issue of JAMA Psychiatry.
Sequential Deposition of Organic Films with Eco‐Compatible Solvents Improves Performance and Enables Over 12%‐Efficiency Nonfullerene Solar Cells
Authors: Ye Long , Xiong Yuan , Chen Zheng , Zhang Qianqian , Fei Zhuping , Henry Reece , Heeney Martin , O'Connor Brendan T. , You Wei , Ade Harald
Published: March 2019

Casting of a donor:acceptor bulk‐heterojunction structure from a single ink has been the predominant fabrication method of organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Despite the success of such bulk heterojunctions, the task ofcontrolling the microstructure in a single casting process has been arduous and alternative approaches are desired. To achieve OPVs with a desirable microstructure, a facile and eco‐compatible sequential deposition approach is demonstrated for polymer/small‐molecule pairs. Using a nominally amorphous polymer as the model material, the profound influence of casting solvent is shown on the molecular ordering of the film, and thus the device performance and mesoscale morphology of sequentially deposited OPVs can be tuned. Static and in situ X‐ray scattering indicate that applying (R)‐(+)‐limonene is able to greatly promote the molecular order of weakly crystalline polymers and form the largest domain spacing exclusively, which correlates well with the best efficiency of 12.5% in sequentially deposited devices. The sequentially cast device generally outperforms its control device based on traditional single‐ink bulk‐heterojunction structure. More crucially, a simple polymer:solvent interaction parameter χ is positively correlated with domain spacing in these sequentially deposited devices. These findings shed light on innovative approaches to rationally create environmentally friendly and highly efficient electronics.
Identifying the Activation of Bimetallic Sites in NiCo2S4@g‐C3N4‐CNT Hybrid Electrocatalysts for Synergistic Oxygen Reduction and Evolution
Authors: Han Xiaopeng , Zhang Wei , Ma Xiaoya , Zhong Cheng , Zhao Naiqin , Hu Wenbin , Deng Yida
Published: March 2019

Hybrid materials composed of transition‐metal compounds and nitrogen‐doped carbonaceous supports are promising electrocatalysts for various electrochemical energy conversion devices, whose activity enhancements can be attributed to the synergistic effect between metallic sites and N dopants. While the functionality of single‐metal catalysts is relatively well‐understood, the mechanism and synergy of bimetallic systems are less explored. Herein, the design and fabrication of an integrated flexible electrode based on NiCo2S4/graphitic carbon nitride/carbon nanotube (NiCo2S4@g‐C3N4‐CNT) are reported. Comparative studies evidence the electronic transfer from bimetallic Ni/Co active sites to abundant pyridinic‐N in underlying g‐C3N4 and the synergistic effect with coupled conductive CNTs for promoting reversible oxygen electrocatalysis. Theoretical calculations demonstrate the unique coactivation of bimetallic Ni/Co atoms by pyridinic‐N species (a Ni, Co–N2 moiety), which simultaneously downshifts their d‐band center positions and benefits the adsorption/desorption features of oxygen intermediates, accelerating the reaction kinetics. The optimized NiCo2S4@g‐C3N4‐CNT hybrid manifests outstanding bifunctional performance for catalyzing oxygen reduction/evolution reactions, highly efficient for realistic zinc–air batteries featuring low overpotential, high efficiency, and long durability, superior to those of physical mixed counterparts and state‐of‐the‐art noble metal catalysts. The identified bimetallic coactivation mechanism will shed light on the rational design and interfacial engineering of hybrid nanomaterials for diverse applications.
Pd Single‐Atom Catalysts on Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene for the Highly Selective Photothermal Hydrogenation of Acetylene to Ethylene
Authors: Zhou Shiqi , Shang Lu , Zhao Yunxuan , Shi Run , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Huang Yu‐Cheng , Zheng Lirong , Zhang Tierui
Published: March 2019

The selective hydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene in an ethylene‐rich gas stream is an important process in the chemical industry. Pd‐based catalysts are widely used in this reaction due to their excellent hydrogenation activity, though their selectivity for acetylene hydrogenation and durability need improvement. Herein, the successful synthesis of atomically dispersed Pd single‐atom catalysts on nitrogen‐doped graphene (Pd1/N‐graphene) by a freeze‐drying‐assisted method is reported. The Pd1/N‐graphene catalyst exhibits outstanding activity and selectivity for the hydrogenation of C2H2 with H2 in the presence of excess C2H4 under photothermal heating (UV and visible‐light irradiation from a Xe lamp), achieving 99% conversion of acetylene and 93.5% selectivity to ethylene at 125 °C. This remarkable catalytic performance is attributed to the high concentration of Pd active sites on the catalyst surface and the weak adsorption energy of ethylene on isolated Pd atoms, which prevents C2H4 hydrogenation. Importantly, the Pd1/N‐graphene catalyst exhibits excellent durability at the optimal reaction temperature of 125 °C, which is explained by the strong local coordination of Pd atoms by nitrogen atoms, which suppresses the Pd aggregation. The results presented here encourage the wider pursuit of solar‐driven photothermal catalyst systems based on single‐atom active sites for selective hydrogenation reactions.
Second‐Harmonic Generation by 3D Laminate Metacrystals
Authors: Wickberg Andreas , Abass Aimi , Hsiao Hui‐Hsin , Rockstuhl Carsten , Wegener Martin
Published: March 2019

3D dielectric woodpile photonic crystals, which are conformally coated with locally noninversion‐symmetric dielectric laminate metamaterials, are discussed. These “3D laminate metacrystals” are fabricated by 3D direct laser writing of an acrylate without photoinitiator to reduce two‐photon‐induced fluorescence, followed by atomic‐layer deposition of alternating layers of Al2O3 and ZnO. Resonant enhancements of second‐harmonic generation under normal incidence of light of up to two orders of magnitude with respect to the same laminate metamaterial on a glass substrate under oblique incidence of light are found experimentally. The nonlinear optical resonances in the range of 800–1020 nm fundamental wavelength are explained theoretically in terms of 3D photonic crystal slab guided resonances, leading to pronounced local‐field‐enhancement effects. Numerical calculations reproduce the salient features of the experiments and yield second‐harmonic enhancement factors yet larger than the experiment due to the absence of spectral and angular averaging.
Shaping LED Beams with Radially Distributed Waveguide‐Encoded Lattices
Authors: Lin Hao , Benincasa Kathryn A. , Fradin Cecile , Saravanamuttu Kalaichelvi
Published: March 2019

Slim, flexible polymer films imprinted with a radial distribution of cylindrical waveguides precisely control the shape and trajectory of light emitting diode (LED) beams. These radially distributed waveguide‐encoded lattices (RDWEL) are generated when a large, converging population comprising thousands of self‐trapped incandescent beams induces the corresponding array of waveguides in a photopolymerizable fluid. The waveguides are multimoded and impart a seamless field of view (FOV) of 70°, an enhancement of 320%, to the polymer film. A divergent LED beam incident on the plane‐faced RDWEL efficiently couples into its constituent waveguides and, depending on their orientation, is either focused or increases in divergence. In the RDWELDIV configuration, where waveguides diverge along the propagation axis, the LED beam suffers a 45% increase in divergence. When the same film is flipped to the RDWELCONV geometry, where waveguides converge along the propagation axis, the beam focuses to an effective focal length of ≈2 mm. These findings represent a new approach based on wave‐guided beam steering to precisely tailor LED beams. By changing parameters such as the FOV, lattice geometry, refractive index contrast, it would be possible to systematically tailor the shape and propagation of LED beams. This is not possible with existing technologies.
Heart Rate Variability and Acute Stress Among Novice Airway Managers
Authors: Mefford Jason M. , Kahle Sarah , Gupta Shikha , Tancredi Daniel , Danielson Aaron R. , Clarke Samuel O.
Published: March 2019

Background

The nature of medical emergencies places emergency physicians at risk for high levels of acute psychological stress (APS). Stress‐modifying techniques like visualization, breath control, and mental practice may help mitigate APS, but objective markers of stress are difficult to measure in the clinical setting. We explored the relationship between heart rate variability (HRV), a real‐time measure of autonomic arousal, and self‐reported APS among emergency medicine (EM) residents learning to intubate on actual patients.

Methods

This was a prospective study of postgraduate year 1 (PGY‐1) EM residents at a single academic medical center during their 1‐month anesthesia rotation. We obtained repeated measures of HRV immediately before and during the first intubation attempt each day. Participants completed the modified Spielberger State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI‐6) before intubation attempts and scored intubation difficulty using the Intubation Difficulty Scale. We analyzed HRV using root mean square of successive differences and analyzed data using clustered data methods and Pearson correlation coefficients.

Results

We enrolled eight PGY‐1 residents and recorded 64 intubations. Mean HRV in the 2 minutes before intubation (17.88 ± 9.22) and during intubation (21.17 ± 13.46) was significantly lower than resting baseline (32.09 ± 15.23; adjusted mean difference [95% CI] = –13.90 [–20.35 to –7.45], p < 0.001; and –10.77 [–17.65 to –3.88], p = 0.02). Preintubation anxiety was negatively correlated with HRV (r = –0.39 [–0.58 to –0.16], p = 0.001). Intubation difficulty was not significantly correlated with HRV (r = –0.12 [–0.36 to 0.13], p = 0.35).

Conclusions

HRV shows promise as a real‐time index of autonomic arousal and may serve as an outcome measure in the evaluation of stress‐modifying interventions.
Impacts of tropical cyclones on the meridional movement of the western Pacific subtropical high
Authors: Wang Tianju , Zhong Zhong , Sun Yuan , Wang Ju
Published: March 2019

Movements of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) are an important factor dominating the synoptic weather and climate over East Asia. In this study, characteristics of the WPSH meridional movement are statistically analysed for the tropical cyclone (TC) peak months (July–September) from 2001 to 2010. The results show that the WPSH meridional movement is consistent overall, namely, its ridge line moves synchronously with its main body centroid, with a correlation coefficient of 0.70 between the ridge line and main body centroid. Moreover, the sensitivity experiment with the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) for super typhoon Megi (2010) demonstrates that TCs can affect the WPSH meridional movement by stimulating abnormal perturbations that disperse and propagate outwards. Specifically, the WPSH ridge line would shift northwards at an average of 0.64° latitude and a maximum of 1.44° latitude for the period when TC Megi moves to the south of the WPSH. In summary, the meridional movement of the WPSH ridge and centroid are well‐correlated and are strongly influenced by TC activity. This study proposes a possible way by which TCs over western North Pacific could affect the weather and climate in East Asia.
Waste paper to bioethanol: Current and future prospective
Authors: Al‐Azkawi Ahlam , Elliston Adam , Al‐Bahry Saif , Sivakumar Nallusamy
Published: March 2019

Bioethanol is considered to be a possible substitute for non‐renewable fossil fuels. Biofuels, including bioethanol, are gradually replacing coal and oil for energy production. It is expected that, by 2040, fossil fuels’ contribution to the world's energy demands will only be 25% with the remaining contribution made up by biofuels. One of the major factors affecting ethanol production is the cost of raw materials, which can be substantially reduced by utilizing industrial or agricultural lignocellulosic wastes. Using waste paper as a feedstock for bioethanol production would reduce the production cost and may eliminate problems in managing this waste material in the environment. The cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in waste paper are less complicated and so only mild pretreatment is needed before enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. This review covers topics such as bioethanol as a promising alternative to petroleum fuels, feedstocks for bioethanol production, lignocellulosic technology and challenges for ethanol production, advantages and disadvantages of pretreatments methods, waste paper as feedstock for ethanol production, processing of waste paper to ethanol, and the different integration methods of hydrolysis and fermentation. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carcinogenicity of intermediate frequency magnetic field in Tg.rasH2 mice
Authors: Nishimura Izumi , Doi Yuko , Imai Norio , Kawabe Mayumi , Mera Yukinori , Shiina Takeo
Published: March 2019

Although the likelihood of exposure to leaking intermediate frequency magnetic fields (MFs) from electronic devices, such as induction‐heating and wireless power transfer systems, has increased, biological data assessing the health risks associated with human exposure remain insufficient. We examined the carcinogenicity of a 20 kHz MF, a typical frequency produced by induction‐heating cookers, using a transgenic rasH2 mouse model. Twenty‐five male and female CByB6F1‐Tg(HRAS)2Jic mice were exposed to a 0.20 mT, 20 kHz MF (22 h/day) or sham‐exposed for 26 weeks. As a positive control, 10 male and female rasH2 mice from the same batch were administered a single intraperitoneal injection of 75 mg/kg N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea. A blinded histopathological evaluation was performed, and the same experiments were conducted twice, independently, to confirm the reproducibility of the results. Histopathological examination revealed that spontaneous neoplastic lesions, such as splenic hemangiosarcomas and gastric squamous cell papillomas, were less (1–3 per group) in the MF‐ and sham‐exposed groups. The frequency of the neoplastic lesions was not significantly different between the groups. Eight to ten mice in each positive‐control group exhibited malignant lymphoma. The outcomes were consistent between duplicated experiments, which indicates lack of carcinogenicity of 20 kHz MF in the rasH2 mouse model. Bioelectromagnetics. © 2019 The Authors. Bioelectromagnetics Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A sensitive UPLC–MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of polyphenols in rat plasma: Application to a pharmacokinetic study of dispensing granules and standard decoction of Cinnamomum cassia twigs
Authors: Tao Yi , Xu Xin , Yan Jizhong , Cai Baochang
Published: March 2019

This study established a rapid and reliable approach using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of cinnamic acid, vanillic acid and protocatechuic acid in rat plasma. This is the first report on a comparative pharmacokinetic study of dispensing granules and standard decoction of Cinnamomum cassia twigs in rats. After liquid–liquid extraction by ethyl acetate, the plasma samples were subjected to LC–MS/MS for multiple reaction monitoring. The standard curves showed good linear regression (r2 > 0.9991) in the range of 10.0–16000 ng/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐day accuracy and precision were found to be within 15% of the nominal concentration. The recoveries of the three phenolics ranged from 88.7 to 105.7%. Finally, this approach was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic analysis of the three phenolics after oral administration of standard decoction and dispensing granules of C. cassia twigs in rats. Although the values of AUC0–t of vanillic acid and protocatechuic acid in standard decoction group were larger than those of the dispensing granule group, no significant difference was observed for the two groups. Of note, the elimination rates of vanillic acid were slower in the standard decoction group than the dispensing granule group.
Where and what arteries are most likely injured with pelvic fractures?
Authors: Kachlik David , Vobornik Tomas , Dzupa Valer , Marvanova Zuzana , Toupal Ondrej , Navara Eduard , Stevulova Nikoleta , Baca Vaclav
Published: March 2019

Blood vessels passing through pelvic region come into intimate contact with pelvic bone and can be injured by the sharp edges of the dislocated fracture fragments. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of localization, shape, and dislocation of individual pelvic ring bones' fractures on arterial injuries. The study group consisted of 474 patients enrolled in a 1‐year prospective multicenter study. The pattern of pelvic fracture lines was characterized and recorded on a planar diagram of the subjected side of the pelvis. The diagram was subdivided into 11 designated areas. Frequency of injury at each 11 areas was recorded. The course of individual arteries in the 11 areas was also recorded in relation to each type of pelvic fractures. Out of the 474 investigated patients, the highest proportion of fractures occurred in the areas of the superior (62%) and inferior (59%) ramus of the pubis as well as in the lateral part of the sacrum (19%). These locations can be associated with injuries of the external iliac, obturator, internal iliac, and aberrant obturator arteries. The highest risk of arterial injuries was associated with vertically displaced fractures in the middle part of the superior and inferior pubic rami, along the ischial ramus, in the apex of the greater sciatic notch and in the vicinity of the ventral part of the sacroiliac joint, where the artery runs at a distance of less than 1 cm from the bone. Clin. Anat. 32:682–688, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lesions Responsible for Impaired Visual Perception in Poststroke Patients Using Voxel‐Based Lesion Symptom Mapping
Authors: Leem Min Jeong , Moon Hyun Im , Yoon Seo Yeon , Lee Hyo Jeong , Nam Je‐Shik
Published: March 2019

We aimed to clarify the clinical characteristics that affect visual perception (VP) and elucidate lesion locations correlated with impaired VP. We reviewed 61 patients with stroke. Clinical assessments of a motor‐free VP test were used to evaluate VP after stroke. Regression analyses were performed to examine predictors of impaired VP. We generated statistical maps of lesions related to impaired VP using voxel‐based lesion symptom mapping (VLSM). The group of patients who had right hemispheric lesions had significantly low VP function. In a regression model, impaired VP was predicted by cognitive function, age, lesion volume, and right hemispheric lesion. Using VLSM, we found lesion location associated with impaired VP after adjusting for age, lesion volume, and Korean version of mini mental status exam. The results showed a lesion pattern with predominant distribution in the right parietal lobe and deep white matter. Age, lesion volume, and cognitive impairment affected the results of VP tests. Even after adjustments, we found that lesions responsible for impaired VP were located in the right parietal lobe and deep white matter. This result confirmed right hemispheric dominance for VP using VLSM. Clin. Anat. 32:689–696, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Isocostic Acid, a Promising Bioactive Agent from the Essential Oil of Inula viscosa (L.): Insights from Drug Likeness Properties, Molecular Docking and SAR Analysis
Authors: Aissa Ibrahim , Nimbarte Vijaykumar D. , Zardi‐Bergaoui Afifa , Znati Mansour , Flamini Guido , Ascrizzi Roberta , Jannet Hichem Ben
Published: March 2019

The chemical composition of the essential oil (LEO) and its volatile fractions (V1–V10) collected during the hydrodistillation process every 15 min from the fresh leaves of I. viscosa (L.), growing in Tunisia, were analyzed by GC‐FID and GC/MS. Eighty‐two compounds, representing 90.9–99.4 % of the total samples, were identified. The crude essential oil (LEO) and its fractions (V1–V10) were characterized by the presence of a high amount of oxygenated sesquiterpenes (82.7–95.8 %). Isocostic acid (1) was found to be the most abundant component (37.4–83.9 %) and was isolated from the same essential oil over silica gel column chromatography and identified by spectroscopic methods (1H, 13C, DEPT 135 NMR and EI‐MS) and by comparison with literature data. Furthermore, the fresh leaves essential oil (LEO), its volatile fractions (V1–V10) as well as compound 1 were screened for their antibacterial, antityrosinase, anticholinesterase and anti‐5‐lipoxygenase activities. It was found that the isolated compound 1 exhibited an interesting antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=32 μg/mL) and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 (MIC=32 μg/mL) and the highest antityrosinase activity (IC50=13.82±0.87 μg/mL). Compound 1 was also found to be able to strongly inhibit 5‐lipoxygenase with an IC50 value of 59.21±0.85 μg/mL. The bioactivity and drug likeness scores of compound 1 were calculated using Molinspiration software and interpreted, and the structure‐activity relationship (SAR) was discussed with the help of molecular docking analysis.
In Situ Enzyme Immobilization with Oxygen‐Sensitive Luminescent Metal–Organic Frameworks to Realize “All‐in‐One” Multifunctions
Authors: Xu Yuzhi , Liu Si‐Yang , Liu Junling , Zhang Li , Chen Danping , Chen Jun , Ma Yingjun , Zhang Jie‐Peng , Dai Zong , Zou Xiaoyong
Published: March 2019

Invited for the cover of this issue are Jie‐Peng Zhang, Zong Dai, and co‐workers at Sun Yat‐sen University. The image depicts the harmonious and synergetic combination of MAF‐2 and glucose oxidase (just like the Tai Chi in the background). Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201806146.
A Highly Active Bidentate Magnesium Catalyst for Amine‐Borane Dehydrocoupling: Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Ried Alexander C. A. , Taylor Laurence J. , Geer Ana M. , Williams Huw E. L. , Lewis William , Blake Alexander J. , Kays Deborah L.
Published: March 2019

A magnesium complex (1) featuring a bidentate aminopyridinato ligand is a remarkably selective catalyst for the dehydrocoupling of amine‐boranes. This reaction proceeds to completion with low catalyst loadings (1 mol %) under mild conditions (60 °C), exceeding previously reported s‐block systems in terms of selectivity, rate, and turnover number (TON). Mechanistic studies by in situ NMR analysis reveals the reaction to be first order in both catalyst and substrate. A reaction mechanism is proposed to account for these findings, with the high TON of the catalyst attributed to the bidentate nature of the ligand, which allows for reversible deprotonation of the substrate and regeneration of 1 as a stable resting state.
Impact of Estrogens on the Regulation of White, Beige, and Brown Adipose Tissue Depots
Authors: Bernasochi Gabriel B. , Bell James R. , Simpson Evan R. , Delbridge Lea M.D. , Boon Wah Chin
Published: March 2019

As adipose tissue depots are active endocrine organs, they secrete a variety of hormones (including estrogens from white adipose) and inflammatory mediators, which have important implications in numerous obesity‐associated diseases. Adipose tissues are broadly characterized as consisting of white, beige, and brown depot types. The endocrine, metabolic, and inflammatory profiles of adipose are depot dependent and influenced by the estrogenic and androgenic status of the adipose tissue. Estrogen receptors mediate both the genomic and nongenomic actions of estrogens and are expressed in the brain, heart, and other peripheral tissues. All three known estrogen receptor α (ERα) and estrogen receptor β (ERβ), and the G‐protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER/GPR30) are expressed in white adipose and can modulate adipose mass. Expression of each receptor is dependent on depot location, adipose cell type, and estrogen levels. Estrogen receptor expression profiles in beige and brown adipocytes are less well established. This review will discuss the effects of estrogens on the differential deposition of the major adipose tissues and the impact of estrogens within white adipose depots. © 2019 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol9:457‐475, 2019.
Cholecystokinin (CCK) Regulation of Pancreatic Acinar Cells: Physiological Actions and Signal Transduction Mechanisms
Authors: Williams John A.
Published: March 2019

Pancreatic acinar cells synthesize and secrete about 20 digestive enzymes and ancillary proteins with the processes that match the supply of these enzymes to their need in digestion being regulated by a number of hormones (CCK, secretin and insulin), neurotransmitters (acetylcholine and VIP) and growth factors (EGF and IGF). Of these regulators, one of the most important and best studied is the gastrointestinal hormone, cholecystokinin (CCK). Furthermore, the acinar cell has become a model for seven transmembrane, heterotrimeric G protein coupled receptors to regulate multiple processes by distinct signal transduction cascades. In this review, we briefly describe the chemistry and physiology of CCK and then consider the major physiological effects of CCK on pancreatic acinar cells. The majority of the review is devoted to the physiologic signaling pathways activated by CCK receptors and heterotrimeric G proteins and the functions they affect. The pathways covered include the traditional second messenger pathways PLC‐IP3‐Ca2+, DAG‐PKC, and AC‐cAMP‐PKA/EPAC that primarily relate to secretion. Then there are the protein‐protein interaction pathways Akt‐mTOR‐S6K, the three major MAPK pathways (ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPK), and Ca2+‐calcineurin‐NFAT pathways that primarily regulate non‐secretory processes including biosynthesis and growth, and several miscellaneous pathways that include the Rho family small G proteins, PKD, FAK, and Src that may regulate both secretory and nonsecretory processes but are not as well understood. © 2019 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol9:535‐564, 2019.
Photochemistry of Carbonyl Compounds: Application in Metal‐Free Reactions
Authors: Dantas Juliana A. , Correia José Tiago M. , Paixão Marcio W. , Corrêa Arlene G.
Published: March 2019

Synthetic organic photochemistry is an efficient and environmentally friendly alternative to assemble biologically and chemically relevant scaffolds. The photon energy allows access to reactive intermediates by using a clean energy source under mild conditions. Moreover, sustainable synthesis can be achieved by using metal‐free photochemistry. In this review, the photochemistry of carbonyl compounds and their application as reagents, catalysts or promoters of metal‐free photochemical transformations are discussed. Fundamental aspects and reactivity of the carbonyl compounds are briefly presented in the introduction section, followed by recent applications of carbonyl compounds in photochemical reactions. The text is organized according to the role of the carbonyl compounds in the process. First, approaches in which carbonyl compounds are employed in stoichiometric or super‐stoichiometric amounts (as reaction substrates or photoinitiators) are described. Thereafter, their application as photocatalysts and photosensitizers are discussed and mechanistic studies are comprehensively presented.
Linkage Abundance and Molecular Weight Characteristics of Technical Lignins by Attenuated Total Reflection‐FTIR Spectroscopy Combined with Multivariate Analysis
Authors: Lancefield Christopher S. , Constant Sandra , de Peinder Peter , Bruijnincx Pieter C. A.
Published: March 2019

Invited for this month′s cover is the group of Pieter Bruijnincx at Utrecht University. The image shows how lignin structure information, essential to guide its valorization, can be rapidly obtained from simple IR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics, hence reducing the existing analytical burden. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201802809.