bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The factor structure of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale among perinatal high-risk and community samples in London
Authors: Lautarescu Alexandra , Victor Suresh , Lau-Zhu Alex , Counsell Serena J. , Edwards Anthony David , Craig Michael C.
Published: July 2020

Purpose: Timely and accurate detection of perinatal mental health problems is essential for the wellbeing of both mother and child. Growing evidence has suggested that the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is not a unidimensional measure of perinatal depression, but can be used to screen for anxiety disorders.Methods: We aimed to assess the factor structure of the EPDS in 3 different groups of women: n=266 pregnant women at high-risk of depression (“Perinatal Stress Study”), n=471 pregnant women from a community sample, and n=637 early postnatal women from a community sample (“developing Human Connectome Project”). Exploratory factor analysis (40% of each sample) and confirmatory factor analysis (60% of each sample) were performed. The relationship between EPDS scores and history of mental health concerns was investigated. Results: Results suggested that a 3-factor model (depression, anxiety, and anhedonia) is the most appropriate across groups. The anxiety subscale (EPDS-3A) emerged consistently and was related to maternal history of anxiety disorders in the prenatal sample (W=6861, p<.001). EPDS total score was related to history of mental health problems in both the prenatal (W=12185, p<.001) and postnatal samples (W=30044, p<.001) Conclusions: In both high-risk and community samples in the perinatal period, the EPDS appears to consist of depression, anxiety, and anhedonia subscales. A better understanding of the multi-factorial structure of the EPDS can inform diagnosis and management of women in the prenatal and postnatal
Knowledge across networks: how to build a global neuroscience collaboration
Authors: Wool Lauren E , Laboratory The International Brain
Published: July 2020

The International Brain Laboratory (IBL) is a collaboration of ~20 laboratories dedicated to developing a standardized mouse decision-making behavior, coordinating measurements of neural activity across the mouse brain, and utilizing theoretical approaches to formalize the neural computations that support decision-making. In contrast to traditional neuroscientific practice, in which individual laboratories each probe different behaviors and record from a few select brain areas, IBL aims to deliver a standardized, high-density approach to behavioral and neural assays. This approach relies on a highly distributed, collaborative network of ~50 researchers—postdocs, graduate students, and scientific staff—who coordinate the intellectual, administrative, and sociological aspects of the project. In this article, we examine this network, extract some lessons learned, and consider how IBL may represent a template for other team-based approaches in neuroscience, and beyond.
When social influence promotes the wisdom of crowds
Authors: Almaatouq Abdullah , Rahimian M. Amin , Burton Jason W. , Alhajri Abdulla
Published: July 2020

Whether, and under what conditions, groups exhibit "crowd wisdom" has been a major focus of research across the social and computational sciences. Much of this work has focused on the role of social influence in promoting the wisdom of the crowd versus leading the crowd astray, resulting in conflicting conclusions about how the social network structure determines the impact of social influence. Here, we demonstrate that it is not enough to consider the network structure in isolation. Using theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and reanalysis of four experimental datasets (totaling 2,885 human subjects), we find that the wisdom of crowds critically depends on the interaction between (i) the centralization of the social influence network and (ii) the distribution of the initial, individual estimates. By adopting a framework that integrates both the structure of the social influence and the distribution of the initial estimates, we bring previously conflicting results under one theoretical framework and clarify the effects of social influence on the wisdom of crowds.
Familiar faces as islands of expertise
Authors: Hancock Peter
Published: July 2020

Most people recognise and match pictures of familiar faces effortlessly, while struggling to match unfamiliar face images. This has led to the suggestion that true human expertise for faces applies only to familiar faces. This paper develops that idea to propose that we have isolated ‘islands of expertise’ surrounding each familiar face that allow us to perform better with faces that resemble those we already know. This idea is tested in three experiments. The first shows that familiarity with a person facilitates identification of their relatives. The second shows that people are better able to remember faces that resemble someone they already know. The third shows that while prompting participants to think about resemblance at study produces a large positive effect on subsequent recognition, there is still a significant effect if there is no such prompt. Face-space-R (Lewis, 2004) is used to illustrate a possible computational explanation of the processes involved.
The temporal structure of naming events differentially affects children’s and adults’ cross-situational word learning
Authors: Benitez Viridiana L. , Zettersten Martin , Wojcik Erica H
Published: July 2020

To acquire novel words, learners often have to integrate information about word meanings across ambiguous learning events distributed in time. How does the temporal structure of those word learning events affect what learners encode? How do the effects of temporal structure differ in children and adults? In the present studies, we asked how 4- to 7-year-old children’s (N=110) and adult’s (N=90) performance on a cross-situational word learning task is influenced by the temporal distribution of learning events. We tested participants in three training conditions, manipulating the number of trials that separated naming events for specific objects. In the Unstructured condition, the temporal distribution was varied; in the Massed condition, naming events occurred with few interleaved trials; and in the Interleaved condition, naming events occurred with many interleaved trials. Adults showed substantially larger benefits from the Massed condition than children, while children were equally successful at learning in the Massed and Interleaved conditions. These results provide evidence that adults differ from children in how they exploit temporal structure during cross-situational word learning.
A Model of Causal and Probabilistic Reasoning in Frame Semantics
Authors: Penchev Vasil Dinev
Published: July 2020

Quantum mechanics admits a “linguistic interpretation” if one equates preliminary any quantum state of some whether quantum entity or word, i.e. a wave function interpretable as an element of the separable complex Hilbert space. All possible Feynman pathways can link to each other any two semantic units such as words or term in any theory. Then, the causal reasoning would correspond to the case of classical mechanics (a single trajectory, in which any next point is causally conditioned), and the probabilistic reasoning, to the case of quantum mechanics (many Feynman trajectories). Frame semantics turns out to be the natural counterpart of that linguistic interpretation of quantum mechanics.
'People take you more seriously': the perceived value of a PhD degree and the skills mismatch in the labour market
Authors: Heuritsch Julia , Waaijer Cathelijn , van der Weijden Inge
Published: July 2020

Increasing numbers of doctorate graduates work outside academia. This raises the question to what extent doctoral education offers the skills that are required for non-academic employability. In a survey of 2,193 recently graduated PhDs from Dutch universities, we studied what recent PhD graduates perceive as the main value of a PhD degree. In addition, they indicated to which extent they developed certain skills during the PhD and the extent to which they need them in their current job. The main values that doctorate holders attach to their doctoral education and degree are preparation for career goals, development of research skills, enjoyment, and social status. Most of the values mentioned are geared towards academic careers. Furthermore, we show that scientific skills are developed sufficiently during doctoral education, but management and social skills are not. This mismatch is larger for PhD holders working outside the academia than within academia.
Assessing the impact of discussing and practicing urban mobility on the travel behavior of young children and their caregivers: mixed-method empirical research in public preschools in São Paulo (Brazil)
Authors: Humberto Mateus , Moura Filipe , Giannotti Mariana
Published: July 2020

This manuscript seeks to evaluate changes in the travel behavior of young children (5-6 y/o.) and their caregivers following the implementation of a 4-month program in public preschools in São Paulo (Brazil) with a high prevalence of low-income immigrants. The program was developed around two intervention types: i) weekly inquiry sessions about urban mobility through the Philosophy with Children approach and ii) bimonthly outdoor walking activities in the surroundings of schools. In this way, it was possible to observe positive changes in the perceptions of children’s statements and in the social norms of their caregivers about transportation, as well as significant modal shifts of caregivers towards sustainable mobility, which were evaluated using difference-in-differences and time-series analyses. Besides the identification of changes in the behavior of adult caregivers through child-centered intervention types, this empirical research enabled unraveling the effect of the proposed measures according to the child’s gender, nationality, and level of social vulnerability, including the significant modal shifts towards walking and cycling identified among boys and out of car and motorcycle among native children, which were significant both in post and follow-up measures.In addition to contributions to the evaluation of school-based interventions with data from developing countries, the discussions presented in this paper intend to provide insights into the role of early childhood and perceptions in behavioral changes towards sustainable transport.
Universal Logic in terms of Quantum Information
Authors: Penchev Vasil Dinev
Published: July 2020

Any logic is represented as a certain collection of well-orderingsadmitting or not some algebraic structure such as a generalized lattice. Then universallogic should refer to the class of all subclasses of all well-orderings. One can construct amapping between Hilbert space and the class of all logics. Thus there exists acorrespondence between universal logic and the world if the latter is considered acollection of wave functions, as which the points in Hilbert space can beinterpreted. The correspondence can be further extended to the foundation ofmathematics by set theory and arithmetic, and thus to all mathematics.
A Revolving Door? A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Custodial Sanctions on Reoffending
Authors: Petrich Damon M. , Pratt Travis C. , Jonson Cheryl Lero , Cullen Francis T.
Published: July 2020

Research Summary: Despite a downsizing of the prison population over the last decade, the United States remains the world’s largest incarcerator. While prior meta-analytic reviews have indicated prisons have a null or slight criminogenic effect, there has been a substantial increase in primary studies assessing the impact of custodial sanctions on reoffending since 2010. The current study conducts the most comprehensive and rigorous meta-analytic review of research to date comparing the effects of custodial and non-custodial sanctions on reoffending. Using a sample of 959 effect sizes calculated from 116 studies, this review builds on prior research by (a) conducting the first inclusive review of the research in over a decade; (b) drawing on advancements in modeling techniques that could account for the precision and statistical dependence of effect sizes; and (c) examining whether a wide variety of methodological characteristics moderate mean effect sizes. The results of multilevel analyses revealed that custodial sanctions have a weak criminogenic effect on reoffending and that this effect is relatively robust across a wide variety of methodological moderators. Policy Implications: America’s reliance on incarceration is unlikely to wane in the near future. However, the results of the current study illustrate that incarceration is not achieving one of its oft-desired goals of deterrence. While there is certainly a subset of high-risk offenders for whom incapacitation is warranted, in general, placing individuals in custodial sanctions appears to contribute to, rather than reduce, reoffending. As a result, sentencing low-level offenders and marginal felons to non-custodial sanctions may lead to considerable savings for correctional departments and allow offenders to be connected to and contribute to their communities while reducing reoffending. For the sake of public safety and those for whom incarceration is appropriate, however, more research is needed on the in-prison social and psychological dynamics increase post-release criminal behavior.
Sweet Spots of Residual Deterrence: A Randomized Crossover Experiment in Minimalist Police Patrol
Authors: Barnes Geoffrey Carroll , Williams Simon , Sherman Lawrence W. , Parmar Jesse , House Paul , Brown Stephen A.
Published: July 2020

In this article, we examine how communities can maximize deterrence of crime while minimizing cost and police intrusion on public life. Using 3,720 hot spot-days, we show that the “sweet spot” duration of police absence, to maximize the residual deterrence of crime, was a full four days after the last day of targeting police patrol at each hot spot. Over a 248-day period, we randomly reshuffled 15 separate hot spots daily into either treatment (targeted police patrols) or control (no targeted patrols) for that day, so that all locations repeatedly switched between randomly assigned groups. This repeated crossover design (Cochrane & Cox, 1957; Fienberg et al., 1980) included random periods of up to 20 consecutive days in which individual hot spots remained in the control condition, allowing us to measure how soon, and by what trajectory, the residual deterrent effect of targeted patrolling wore off. After four days without patrolling, there was a sudden termination of residual deterrence, marked by a 66% rise in offense frequency, and a 395% spike in our index of crime harm (House & Neyroud 2018), compared to the treatment condition. It may be possible to deploy less, not more policing and still maximize deterrent effects.
Indeterminism in quantum mechanics: beyond and/or within causation
Authors: Penchev Vasil Dinev
Published: July 2020

The problem of indeterminism in quantum mechanics usually being considered as a generalization determinism of classical mechanics and physics for the case of discrete (quantum) changes is interpreted as an only mathematical problem referring to the relation of a set of independent choices to a well-ordered series therefore regulated by the equivalence of the axiom of choice and the well-ordering “theorem”. The former corresponds to quantum indeterminism, and the latter, to classical determinism. No other premises (besides the above only mathematical equivalence) are necessary to explain how the probabilistic causation of quantum mechanics refers to the unambiguous determinism of classical physics. The same equivalence underlies the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics. It merged the well-ordered components of the vectors of Heisenberg’s matrix mechanics and the non-ordered members of the wave functions of Schrödinger’s undulatory mechanics. The mathematical condition of that merging is just the equivalence of the axiom of choice and the well-ordering theorem implying in turn Max Born’s probabilistic interpretation of quantum mechanics. Particularly, energy conservation is justified differently than classical physics. It is due to the equivalence at issue rather than to the principle of least action. One may involve two forms of energy conservation corresponding whether to the smooth changes of classical physics or to the discrete changes of quantum mechanics. Further both kinds of changes can be equated to each other under the unified energy conservation as well as the conditions for the violation of energy conservation to be investigated therefore directing to a certain generalization of energy conservation.
An Integrated Approach to Management of Short Stature in Children: Review Article
Authors: Bajracharya Luna
Published: July 2020

Short stature in children is a very common condition that requires timely investigations and management. Although there has been dramatic reduction in stunted growth in children below the age of 5 years during the last two decades in Nepal, the process of systemic screening and evaluation followed by timely treatment can still be made better. Awareness programs for short stature such as at the time of birth of baby and use of social media for its dissemination in public can enhance short stature screening programs in schools, local ward clinics and other child health welfare programs as immunization. Children with suspected short stature can then further be referred to higher health centers as per need for investigations and management. Data generated may then be later used to develop algorithms and plan strategies to incorporate height well being in child healthcare policies. An integrated approach is necessary for maximum benefit.
Ameloblastoma metastásico
Authors: Melo-Uribe Mario Alexander , Piñeros Cely Maria Camila , Torres Cediel Ana Maria , Parra Fuentes Fabian , Baracaldo Ayala Rafael Leonardo
Published: July 2020

El ameloblastoma es un tumor epitelial benigno de origen odontogénico, de crecimiento progresivo, caracterizado por expansión ósea y tendencia a la recurrencia local si no se trata en forma adecuada. De acuerdo con las características clínicas y radiográficas se clasifica en ameloblastoma uniquístico, periférico/extraóseo y el metastásico. En el presente manuscrito se quiere reseñar el caso clínico de un ameloblastoma metastásico, el cual es capaz de producir siembras a pesar de su apariencia histológica benigna. Las variadas formas clínicas y radiográficas hacen que el ameloblastoma metastásico requiera, desde su diagnóstico inicial, un estudio detallado ya que es importante entender el concepto de esta patología como lesión clínica que realiza metástasis a distancia, pero su comportamiento histológico es benigno.
Applying “Dignity” in the Light of the Concept’s Typologies
Authors: Rassudina Kateryna
Published: July 2020

The concept “dignity” is neither clear nor unambiguous. The author presents two ways in which to typologise this concept as proposed by Daniel P. Sulmasy and Adam Rodziński. The problem is that different philosophers attach different meanings (types) to the term. The author tries to analyse these meanings, which have taken shape in the course of the history of Western philosophy, and also to provide a short review on the development of its most common contemporary interpretation which equates dignity with the presence of autonomy.
Hrvatsko narodno vijeće od 1974. do 1990.
Authors: Miočević Tanja Trošelj
Published: July 2020

U ovom radu prikazuje se povijest nastanka i rada Hrvatskoga narodnoga vijeća u redovima hrvatske političke emigracije. Poseban naglasak stavljen je na povijest hrvatske političke emigracije poslije završetka Drugoga svjetskoga rata, nastanak različitih političkih pokreta i organizacija, kao i njihove međustranačke odnose. Rad također tematizira političke događaje 70–ih godina prošloga stoljeća u Domovini, kada je državno vodstvo u Jugoslaviji s Titom na čelu smijenilo vodstvo Centralnoga komiteta saveza komunista republike Hrvatske. Među najpoznatijim sudionicima kulturno–političkoga pokreta, kako su još zvali Hrvatsko proljeće, bili su Savka Dabčević Kučar, Miko Tripalo, a među studentima Dražen Budiša i Ivan Zvonimir Čičak. Oni, kao i brojni drugi, osuđeni su na zatvorske kazne, a staroj hrvatskoj instituciji Matici hrvatskoj bio je zabranjen rad. Također se u radu opisuju reakcije hrvatske političke emigracije na nastale političke promjene u Hrvatskoj.
Historiografija srednjovjekovnog plesa mrtvaca u europskom kontekstu
Authors: Lenković Mirela
Published: July 2020

Ples mrtvaca u srednjem vijeku prikazivan je u mnogim sakralnim zdanjima, a neka čine važan dio kasnosrednjovjekovnog europskog likovnog nasljeđa. Možemo ga promatrati i kao izraz koji simbolički sjedinjuje svjetovno i religijsko, a tematski u sebi nosi poruku jednakosti među ljudima, neovisno o njihovu staležu. Srednjovjekovlje je obilježeno pandemijom kuge, nedaćama i ratovima, što utječe na kulturno stvaralaštvo. Različita istraživanja (arheološka, medicinska i dr.) proučavaju etiologiju Crne smrti, evoluciju razvoja, povijest, pojavu i širenje kuge u Europi tog doba. Pojedina literarna djela (De contemptu mundi; De miseria humane conditions Innocenta III.), artes morendi, memento mori (Hélinand de Froidmont, Les Vers de la Mort) koriste se kao predlošci za likovnu izvedbu teme plesa mrtvaca.
Fra Roko Romac, dušobrižnik Hrvata u Australiji 1955.–1970.
Authors: Kožul Ante
Published: July 2020

Autor je na temelju arhivskoga gradiva, novinskih članaka i literature istražio život i djelovanje fra Roka Romca u Australiji. Fra Roko Romac rođen je kao Stjepan Tot, a od ređenja 1930. do prosinca 1947. djelovao pod redovničkim imenom Osvald Toth. Ime Roko Romac uzeo je zbog sigurnosnih razloga pod pritiskom djelovanja jugoslavenskih tajnih službi u međunarodnoj zajednici. U Australiju je došao 1955. te preuzeo brigu o Hrvatima u Adelaideu i Perthu. Najveći je trag ostavio među sydneyskim Hrvatima, gdje je djelovao od 1957. sve do smrti 1970. godine. Pokrenuo je i uređivao novine Dom, prvi vjerski mjesečnik Hrvata u Australiji. Inicirao je kupnju prve hrvatske katoličke crkve u Australiji posvećene sv. Antunu Padovanskomu. Začetnik je ideje o gradnji škole i svetišta u Tumbi Umbi kraj Goshforda.
Assessment of the impact of COVID-19 on honors student learning, institutional connections, and intent to return to campus
Authors: Celik Wiltse Evren , Gonda Michael , Massmann Camille , Williams Kas , Bott-Knutson Rebecca
Published: July 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic quickly converted classes to an online format in the middle of the academic semester at South Dakota State University (SDSU), USA. Our objectives were 1) to identify factors affecting student learning and connectivity following this transition and 2) to evaluate differences between honors and non-honors students. Students (n=230) were surveyed with Likert-type, descriptive, and open-ended questions about their experiences following the transition. Clear, frequent communication between students and SDSU was identified as the most appreciated aspect of SDSU’s response. Students who reported struggling academically following the transition were more likely to be facing difficulties with finances and access to or use of online learning technology. Honors students reported fewer technology barriers and financial stressors than non-honors students. Degree completion and social connections were driving the desire to return to face-to-face classes, but this enthusiasm was dampened by COVID-19-related health concerns. Communication, structure, and flexibility were identified as factors affecting student success.
Pengaruh Analisis Kebutuhan Pelatihan Budaya Keamanan Siber Sebagai Upaya Pengembangan Kompetensi bagi Aparatur Sipil Negara di Era Digital
Authors: Khoironi Sri Cahaya
Published: July 2020

Hasil Pemantauan dan Evaluasi Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik (SPBE) yang belum optimal dan tingginya insiden siber pada domain pemerintah.go.id akibat dari kerentanan sistem serta masih banyaknya laman pemerintah dengan kondisi tidak aman dan belum sesuai standar internasional yang ada menyiratkan adanya kebutuhan ASN sebagai pengelola yang berkompetensi digital untuk mengawal digitalisasi di lingkungan pemerintahan. Metode yang dipilih adalah studi kepustakaan dengan meninjau berbagai literatur dan kumpulan hasil-hasil penelitian sesuai dengan permasalahan. Analisis deskriptif kualitatif menggunakan teknik “PRISMA protokol”. Temuan dari penelitian ini penting untuk merancang program pelatihan sebagai bagian dari pengembangan kompetensi digital ASN yang berkelanjutan, khususnya terkait pelatihan budaya keamanan siber di lingkungan pemerintahan, terutama dalam pelayanan publiknya. Mengingat teknologi dan pengetahuan tentang upaya peretasan dalam kejahatan siber berkembang sangat cepat, perlu antisipasi investasi sumber daya manusia melalui pelatihan budaya keamanan siber.
Dinamika Keamanan Nasional
Authors: Al A'raf Al A'raf
Published: July 2020

Dinamika keamanan nasional dipengaruhi oleh perubahan lingkungan strategis yang terus berkembang. Di Indonesia tata kelola sektor keamanan telah dilakukan sejak reformasi 1998 dan menghasilkan berbagai capaian positif. Karena itu, kehadiran RUU Kamnas pada saat ini perlu dikaji secara kritis agar tata kelola sektor keamanan seperti pada masa orde baru tidak terulang lagi di Indonesia. Kompleksitas ancaman yang multidimensi dengan meningkatnya level eskalasi ancaman maka instrumen hukum yang diperlukan dalam pengelolaan keamanan bagaimana membuat aturan tentang tugas perbantuan. Dalam konteks itu, pemerintah seharusnya lebih memperioritaskan pembentukan UU Perbantuan daripada RUU Kamnas.Kata kunci: RUU, Kamnas, TNI, Polri dan Orde Baru
Islam dan Pancasila di Era Reformasi: Sebuah Reorientasi Aksi
Authors: Nubowo Andar
Published: July 2020

Problem utama yang didiskusikan dalam tulisan ini adalah hubungan Islam dan Pancasila di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan perspektif historis, hubungan Islam dan Pancasila mengalami perdebatan, sebagian kelompok menghendaki pancasila tidak bisa dijadikan dasar negara dan kelompok yang lain menerima pancasila sebagai dasar negara. Dalam pandangan penulis, kelompok yang tidak bisa menerima pancasila sebagai dasar negara masih ada di era reformasi. Hal ini nampak dalam beberapa gerakan ormas atau partai politik yang masih secara masif kampanye anti pancasila dan pada titik tertentu menggunakan cara-cara kekerasan. Proyek politik anti pancasila ini yang oleh penulis disebut dengan nalar syariatik yang hanya bersifat utopia.Kata kunci: Islam, Pancasila, Syari’ah dan Demokrasi
Pengelolaan Kemaritiman Menuju Indonesia Sebagai Poros Maritim Dunia
Authors: Kadar A.
Published: July 2020

Tulisan ini memberikan critical issue terhadap visi Indonesia menuju poros maritim dunia. Dalam pandangan penulis, Indonesia menuju poros maritim dunia sejalan dengan jati diri Indonesia atau identitas nasional sebagai sebuah negara kepulauan. Namun demikian, pembentukan Badan Keamanan Laut (Bakamla) sebagai jalan menuju poros maritim cenderung memicu tumpang tindih dengan tugas pokok dan fungsi yang dimiliki TNI AL, Polair maupun Bakamla. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan kajian ulang terhadap posisi Bakamla dalam pengelolaan keamanan laut di Indonesia.
Sinergi TNI-Polri dalam Deradikalisasi Terorisme di Indonesia
Authors: Prasetyo Dedi
Published: July 2020

Radikalisme memiliki keterkaitan erat dengan terorisme, keduanya merupakan tindakan kekerasan atau ancaman bagi kehidupan masyarakat. Tindak kejahatan tersebut sesungguhnya dilakukan oleh sekelompok minoritas yang menolak dan sekaligus tidak percaya lagi pada sistem dan proses demokrasi yang ada. Gerakan tersebut menginginkan adanya perubahan sosial dan politik secara drastis dengan kekerasan, sedangkan agama dijadikan sebagai fondasi yang dipahami secara ekstrem. Keberadaan paham radikalisme memunculkan upaya untuk menanggulanginya, salah satunya adalah deradikalisme. Selain itu yang tidak kalah pentingnya adalah upaya yang dilakukan para stakeholders yang bertanggungjawab mengemban tugas tersebut. Peran TNI-Polri dalam upaya deradikalisme perkembangan terorisme di Indonesia dinaungi oleh undang-undang, meskipun pada tataran lain, upaya yang dijalankan dipandang oleh banyak pihak masih belum terjadi sinergi yang optimal.
Ahmadiyah dan Hak atas Kebebasan Beragama di Indonesia
Authors: Ummah Aniqotul
Published: July 2020

Kasus Jemaat Ahmadiyah Indonesia adalah fenomena kekerasan berbasis agama dan kebebasan beragama yang menarik perhatian publik. Di samping kasusnya sangat banyak, pengikut organisasi ini berjumlah lebih dari 300.000 orang di seluruh pelosok tanah air, juga mengundang pro-kontra yang berkepanjangan. Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui lebih jauh tentang isu hak-hak sipil kelompok minoritas, terutama hak kebebasan beragama yang menjadi komponen penting dalam prinsip Hak Asasi Manusia. Penulis berkesimpulan bahwa reformasi 1998 sekalipun memberikan kemajuan berarti dalam rangka perlindungan terhadap hak minoritas dan jaminan kebebasan beragama, namun masih ditemukan beberapa kebijakan diskriminatif dan praktek diskriminasi yang berlawanan dengan prinsip-prinsip demokrasi dan Hak Asasi Manusia. Kasus Ahmadiyah adalah contoh potret kebijakan diskriminatif pemerintah dan negara yang kemudian dipakai sebagai alat legitimasi oleh kelompok anti-ahmadiyah untuk melakukan persekusi dan kekerasan terhadap warga Ahmadiyah. Penanganan kasus Ahmadiyah cenderung mengikuti tekanan massa sebagai kelompok mayoritas sehingga pemolisian konflik agama mengalami ambiguitas.
Bunuh Diri Polisi dalam Perspektif Psikologi Sosial
Authors: Sonta Ahrie
Published: July 2020

AbstrakBunuh diri polisi merupakan permasalahan psikologi profesi. Setiap polisi dituntut mampu mengambil suatu keputusan dalam kondisi tertekan, waktu yang terbatas, dan tingkat kompleksitas tertentu. Di balik tugas yang berat, polisi sejatinya adalah manusia biasa yang memiliki latar belakang sosial. Profesi ini mengharuskan setiap individu menyaksikan hal-hal buruk dalam masyarakat, sehingga menjadi stimulan untuk mengganggu kesehatan mental. Dalam kondisi demikian, polisi juga dihadapkan pada beban kerja yang berat yang juga dapat menstimulasi pengaruh buruk pada kehidupan pribadinya. Tulisan ini membedah kasus bunuh diri yang dilakukan anggota Polri sepanjang tahun 2015 hingga 2016 dengan menggunakan pendekatan psikologi sosial. Temuan empirik bunuh diri polisi di Indonesia dapat dikomparasikan terhadap temuan eksperimental fenomena serupa di dunia. Sehingga dari hasil perbandingan ini Polri dapat menangkal potensi bunuh diri pada anggotanya dengan pendekatan yang lebih bersifat alamiah.Kata kunci: bunuh diri, polisi, psikologi sosial, profesi Suicide police is a problem of psychological profession. Every police is required to be capable to take a decision on stressfull condition, limited time, and level of certain complexity. Behind their difficult duty, police is ordinary people which have social background. This profession requires every individual witnesses bad cases in the society, so it becomes stimulant to disturb mental. Under that condition, police face to difficult duty which can stimulate bad influences in their personal life. This article discusses suicide case which is done by member of the Indonesian National Police along the year of 2015 until 2016, using social-psychological approaches. Empirical finding of suicide police in Indonesia can be compared with other findings of similar phenomena in the world. From the result of this comparison is that the Indonesian National Police can prevent a potential suicide of their members with a better scientific approach.Keywords: suicide, police, social psychology, profession
Globalisasi dan Demokrasi di Rusia: Suatu Tantangan dan Peluang
Authors: Permatasari Diah Ayu
Published: July 2020

AbstractGlobalisation has brought many changes in the world, and has huge implication towards the economy, politics, and socio-culture.  The break up of the Soviet Union in 1991 is one of the historical event cause by the globalisation and transformed to what it is Russia today.  Russia tried to adapt towards globalisation by following it national historical pattern, and not following the pattern that has been used by the Western countries.  For the West, transition democracy process in Russia is incomplete, but as for the Russian point of view, it is a democracy with distinction pattern or “the Russian way” that is different to what is practiced by the West.  For that reason, this essay tried to look at the Russian political and economic policy to handle the strong current of globalisation and democracy.Keywords: Rusia, Globalisation, Democracy and Cold War AbstrakGlobalisasi telah membawa perubahan bagi dunia, yang berimplikasi pada tatanan ekonomi, politik, social dan budaya. Salah satu dampak dari globalisasi adalah pecahnya Uni Soviet pada tahun 1991 yang kemudian bertransformasi menjadi Rusia. Rusia melakukan adaptasi terhadap globalisasi, yaitu dengan mengikuti pola historis nasionalnya, dan tidak mengikuti pola yang telah dilakukan oleh dunia Barat. Bagi Barat, proses transisi demokrasi Rusia merupakan incomplete transformation, sementara dari sudut pandang Rusia, proses tersebut bukan merupakan bentuk demokrasi yang belum lengkap, melainkan demokrasi dengan corak tersendiri yang tidak bias disamakan dengan western democracy. Oleh karena itu, tulisan ini berupaya melihat kebijakan ekonomi politik Rusia dalam menghadapi arus demokrasi dan globalisasi.Kata kunci: Rusia, globalisasi, demokrasi dan perang dingin
Consumer Tribe dan Industri Gaya Hidup di Bandung, Indonesia
Authors: Soeriaatmadja Keni
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn 2015, UNESCO rewarded Bandung as one of World’s Creative City for ‘design’ category. This raised many reactions from the public, including ones questioning the emergence and existence of communities who plays the main role in the creative industry of the city. One of the most significant role comes from the youth culture in the city who produces goods as part of their life styles that has become economically successful and is claimed to be the actors of creative industry in Bandung, and in Indonesia in a bigger scheme. The fact is, many of these companies emmerge from the diffusion of globalization into the youth culture where at some point create the need to reproduce its cultural icons and symbols into items with more reasonable pricing. The youth culture and its life styles then construct a mutual relation, between producers and consumers, to support this act of reproduction which is unique because it involves sharing of idealisms. With a perspective of consumers tribe, this article tries to unfold the historical journey of Bandung’s youth culture and relates it with the social process that occurs within its economic significance.Keywords: Culture, Life Styles, Globalization and economic AbstrakPada tahun 2015, UNESCO menobatkan Bandung sebagai salah satu kota kreatif dunia, atau World’s Creative City, dalam kategori desain. Hal ini mengundang banyak reaksi publik, termasuk mereka yang mempertanyakan kemunculan dan eksistensi komunitas-komunitas yang memiliki peran utama dalam industri kreatif kota tersebut. Salah satu peran signifikan dipegang oleh budaya anak muda perkotaan yang memproduksi barang sebagai bagian dari gaya hidup mereka yang menjadi sukses secara ekonomi dan diklaim sebagai aktor industri kreatif baik di Bandung maupun di Indonesia. Faktanya, banyak dari perusahaan ini muncul dari difusi globalisasi dalam budaya anak muda sampai pada satu titik dimana anak muda memiliki kebutuhan untuk meniru ikon dan simbol kultural menjadi barang dengan harga yang lebih terjangkau. Budaya anak muda dan gaya hidup mereka kemudian membentuk hubungan timbal balik antara produsen dan konsumen untuk mendukung aksi meniru yang unik ini, karena melibatkan pertukaran idealisme. Dengan perspektif kaum konsumen, artikel ini membuka perjalanan historis budaya anak muda Bandung dan menghubungkannya dengan proses sosial yang terjadi dalam makna ekonominya.Kata Kunci: Budaya, Gaya Hidup, Globalsasi dan Ekonomi
Membuka Ruang Baru Demokrasi Partisipatif bagi Community Policing: Peran Forum Warga
Authors: Thamrin Djuni
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper argues to push and open participative democratization space for citizens, particularly the destitute and marginalized, to actively participate in public decision making that implicate their future quality of life, including involvement in community policing or Polmas. Examples from all over the world identified from various studies show that the more expansive and intensive the participation involvement of citizens in a country governance, development continuity will be cheaper and easier to push towards.Keywords: participative democracy, community policing, Polmas and Forum Warga AbstrakTulisan ini mengundang perdebatan untuk mendorong dan membuka ruang demokratisasi partisipatif bagi warga negara, khususnya kelompok miskin dan marginal terlibat secara aktif dalam proses-proses pengambilan keputusan publik yang berimplikasi atas perbaikan kualitas hidupnya dimasa mendatang, termasuk keterlibatan dalam konsep community policing atau Polmas.  Contoh dari berbagai penjuru dunia yang telah diidentifikasi dari berbagai studi menunjukan bahwa makin luas dan intensif keterlibatan partisipasi warga dalam managemen tata kelola negara, makin murah dan mudah mendorong keberlangsungan pembangunan.Kata Kunci: demokrasi partisipatif, community policing, Polmas dan Forum Warga
Terorisme dan Deradikalisasi: Pengantar Memahami Fundamentalisme Islam dan Strategi Pencegahan Aksi Terorisme
Authors: Suryani Tamat
Published: July 2020

Terrorism an eminent threat to the people of the world, not exceptionally Indonesia as a state and nation. The experience in dealing with the Bali bombing case in 2002 has given an important lesson for Indonesia, especially for the police. The notable lesson is that it is necessary for, not only having a concern on investigation process of the terrorism cases, but also on de-radicalization efforts to deradicalise the perpetrator.Preventive action terrorism act is more meaningful, compared to the ability of police to punish terrorists who did bombings and killed dozens or hundreds of people. Thus, the question is who are those who needs to be involved in deradicalization programme.
Mitigasi Konflik di Lingkar Tambang: Studi Tentang Kontribusi Program Tanggung Jawab Sosial (CSR) PT. Vale Indonesia di Sorowako
Authors: Muhammad Sawedi , Radjab Mansyur , Muhammad Rahmat
Published: July 2020

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has played strategic roles in mining industries in Indonesia over the last two decades. CSR contributes not only to improve basic physical infrastructures of local communities such as roads, bridges, health-center, schools and libraries but also to accommodate the needs of indigenous people in preserving and promoting their local art and culture. Some companies have been advancing their CSR roles to actively participate in mitigating the potential of trans-community conflict in their operation areas – a daunting task but worth executing -- to ensure a sustained both social and government license to operate. The paper is aimed at unraveling CSR contribution of PT Vale Indonesia in transforming multicultural communities in its operation and what roles the company played in mitigating social conflict on the ground. The study finds out that company CSR management, which has adopted transparent, accountable and participatory methodologies have effectively improved the quality of life of local communities. The study also reveals that applying participatory methodologies in CSR management is not only enhance community participation in project-based, but also increase their awareness in mitigating social conflict in multicultural communities.
Ekonomi Politik Pembunuhan Massal: Prolog Pembunuhan Massal 1965 di Bali
Authors: Pramana Gede Indra
Published: July 2020

This study focused on the logic behind mass killings to alleged party member and sympathizers of the then legal Indonesian Communist Party in 1965. The events of 1965 has political economy dimensions. In extrapolating the events of 1965, case study on Bali help to explaining the local context of the mass killings. The main question to be answered was, how could there be such large scale killings in 1965?
Analisa Kebijakan Pemulangan WNI Eks ISIS di Suriah
Authors: Sumawiharja Farhan Arif , Munandar Adis Imam
Published: July 2020

Radikalisme dan terorisme menjadi suatu permasalahan global. Dampak negative kerap kali dirasakan oleh Indonesia. Beberapa aksi teror juga terjadi dan merenggut korban. Perkembangan ISIS di dunia menarik minat masyarakat sebagian masyarakat Indonesia untuk bergabung. Namun pasca kekalahan ISIS di tahun 2019 WNI eks ISIS memiliki keinginan untuk kembali ke Indonesia. Pemulangan WNI eks ISIS menjadi suatu dilematis, akan tetapi kebijakan harus tetap diambil oleh pemerintah demi menjaga stabilitas keamanan nasional. Penelitian kali ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan tinjauan pustaka serta menggunakan pendekatan Analisa Stakeholders. Kebijakan pemulangan WNI eks ISIS sudah ditetapkan, namun sisi kemanusiaan juga harus diperhatikan. Maka pembaharuan data yang lebih singkron menjadi syarat utama dan syarat mutlak pemulangan WNI eks ISIS yang sebagian besarnya merupakan anak-anak dan Perempuan
Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Fingerprint-Based Ignition Key for Motorcycles
Authors: Supriyono Heru , Wijayanto Anugrah Adi , Jailani Rozita , Tokhi Mohammad Osman
Published: July 2020

Cases of motorcycle theft by breaking mechanical key are still a serious problem in some countries. Therefore, this article discusses the process of development, implementation, and evaluation of a fingerprint-based ignition key for motorcycles. To prevent theft, a motorcycle can only be turned on by a registered fingerprint, and an alarm will ring if the sensor receives an unregistered fingerprint. This prototype used the main component of the SEN0188 fingerprint sensor, Arduino Uno microcontroller, LM317 voltage regulator, and the buzzer alarm module. The test results in shaded place showed that the proposed key successfully ignited the engine by 80% with a dry and clean thumb. However, if the thumb is oily or dirty, the success scanning rate is only 36% of 25 attempts. The proposed key also successfully activates a warning alarm if a fingerprint scan attempt fails three times in a row. Test results on potholes, bumpy, dusty, and puddles roads indicate that no hardware has been disturbed or damaged. Therefore, this prototype has the potential to be further developed and implemented on a large scale in an effort to reduce motorcycle theft rates.
Information Component of Disintegration Processes in Spain and Great Britain: the Comparative Aspects
Authors: Karpo Vasyl , Nechaieva-Yuriichuk Nataliia
Published: July 2020

From ancient times till nowadays information plays a key role in the political processes. The beginning of XXI century demonstrated the transformation of global security from military to information, social etc. aspects. The widening of pandemic demonstrated the weaknesses of contemporary authoritarian states and the power of human-oriented states. During the World War I the theoretical and practical interest toward political manipulation and political propaganda grew definitely. After 1918 the situation developed very fast and political propaganda became the part of political influence. XX century entered into the political history as the millennium of propaganda. The collapse of the USSR and socialist system brought power to new political actors. The global architecture of the world has changed. Former Soviet republic got independence and tried to separate from Russia. And Ukraine was between them.
The Revolution of Dignity in Ukraine was the start point for a number of processes in world politics. But the most important was the fact that the role and the place of information as the challenge to world security was reevaluated. The further annexation of Crimea, the attempt to legitimize it by the comparing with the referendums in Scotland and Catalonia demonstrated the willingness of Russian Federation to keep its domination in the world. The main difference between the referendums in Scotland and in Catalonia was the way of Russian interference. In 2014 (Scotland) tried to delegitimised the results of Scottish referendum because they were unacceptable for it. But in 2017 we witness the huge interference of Russian powers in Spain internal affairs, first of all in spreading the independence moods in Catalonia. The main conclusion is that the world has to learn some lessons from Scottish and Catalonia cases and to be ready to new challenges in world politics in a format of information threats.
“Hate speech” as Technology for Conducting the Hybrid War of the Russian Federation Against Ukraine
Authors: Zakharchenko Tetiana
Published: July 2020

The following material is an attempt to analyze the problem of use of new media in the context of Ukrainian-Russian conflict, to explain the «hate speech» as a technology for hybrid warfare and the causes of its occurrence. It is described the issues of the use of hate speech in the East of Ukraine and on the occupied territory of the Crimea.

In addition, this research identifies the main social groups against which Russian Federation uses «hate speech». In particular, they are Ukrainians (especially from Western Ukraine), Crimean Tatars, Euromaidan supporters, members of the Majlis of the Crimean Tatar people, сhurchmans, migrants.
On the basis of researches of public organizations («Media Detector», «Center for Social Action», «Institute of Mass Media», «Donetsk Institute of Information») in this paper work a qualitative analysis of the situation in the media space is presented. The focus is on the emergence of the phenomenon of intolerance in the media. In addition, it is determined which media often use «hate speech» in their arsenal both from Ukraine and from the Russian Federation.
The researcher states that the problem of using «hate speech» in the information space of Ukraine, in particular, Crimea and the eastern regions existed before the occupation. However, from the first days of the hybrid offensive of the Russian Federation, hate speech began to be used in propaganda, and hostile rhetoric became more aggressive.
We should note that by supporting the high level of anxiety and hatred in the occupied territory of Ukraine through the media, Russia is creating a platform to create a civil conflict, if necessary. In addition, «hate speech» is used by the Russian authorities to form publicly supportive policy on the territory of the Russian Federation.