bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Misgivings on Deliberative Democracy: Revisiting the Deliberative Framework
Authors: Martínez-Bascuñán Máriam
Published: July 2016

In the last few years, the Deliberative Framework has become the main model in the consolidation of democratic processes. Deliberative theorists argue that deliberation helps to promote the democratic level of our societies, and they have good reasons to support this view. This article, however, is critical with some of these claims, questioning the widespread assumption of an existing connection between deliberation and democracy. With this objective in mind, we will examine the following three questions: Who deliberates? Under what conditions does deliberation take place? What is the content of deliberation? Once the potential repressive components of deliberation are made clear, we try to reach some normative considerations regarding how to promote certain mechanisms of deliberation that are in fact more in line with deliberative emancipation ideas and, as such, better assertions for promoting democracy.
The Four Anchors Model – Women Political Participation
Authors: Akirav Osnat , Ben-Horin Yael
Published: July 2016

This paper examines the causes of the increase in the number of women candidates in local Israeli government elections during October 2013. To do so, it develops a new model called the four anchors model based on (1) authentic leadership, (2) organizations with gender awareness, (3) practices that provide organized training for women only and (4) networking for women. Establishment of each one of the anchors with synergy among all four of them will encourage more women to be active in political life at the local level. The research combines mixed research methods based on seven different information sources such as questionnaires, interviews, content analysis of newsletters from the Local Councilwomen’s Union, observations and informal talks with women council members.
The evolution of the placenta
Authors: Roberts R Michael , Green Jonathan A , Schulz Laura C
Published: August 2016

The very apt definition of a placenta is coined by Mossman, namely apposition or fusion of the fetal membranes to the uterine mucosa for physiological exchange. As such, it is a specialized organ whose purpose is to provide continuing support to the developing young. By this definition, placentas have evolved within every vertebrate class other than birds. They have evolved on multiple occasions, often within quite narrow taxonomic groups. As the placenta and the maternal system associate more intimately, such that the conceptus relies extensively on maternal support, the relationship leads to increased conflict that drives adaptive changes on both sides. The story of vertebrate placentation, therefore, is one of convergent evolution at both the macromolecular and molecular levels. In this short review, we first describe the emergence of placental-like structures in nonmammalian vertebrates and then transition to mammals themselves. We close the review by discussing the mechanisms that might have favored diversity and hence evolution of the morphology and physiology of the placentas of eutherian mammals.
Genetic Engineering: Pros versus Cons in Deciphering Disease Mechanism
Authors: Bao Senzhu
Published: July 2016

Genetic engineering is a group of techniques that are being employed to change the genetic makeup of cells and move genes across the boundary of species to supply new organisms. There are a variety of techniques for moving genes by artificial means into recipient organisms.  These methods include using chemical or electrical treatments to facilitate direct DNA uptake by the host cells; microinjecting of genes directly into host cells; firing tiny metal particles covered with the genes of interest into host cells (bioballistics); and using plasmids found in bacteria. Advantages and disadvantages exist for genetic engineering. Some advantages include produce new foods, tackling and defeating diseases and getting rid of illnesses in young and unborn children. Some of the disadvantages are may lead to genetic defects and limits genetic diversity. Genetic Engineering is one of the most controversial topics of this century. It might work miraculously but who knows the consequences of playing with the nature.
ENERGY SYSTEMS EFFICIENCY INFLUENCES THE RESULTS OF 2,000 M RACE SIMULATION AMONG ELITE ROWERS
Authors: Martin Stefan Adrian , Tomescu Valeriu
Published: July 2016

Hypothesis. Energy efficiency within an elite group of athletes will ensure metabolic adaptation during training.Objectives. To identify energy system efficiency and contribution according to exercise intensity, and performance obtained during a 2,000 m race simulation in an elite group of rowers.Method. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in February 2016 in Bucharest, Romania, on a group of 16 elite rowers. Measurements were performed through Cosmed Quark CPET equipment, and Concept 2 ergometer, by conducting a VO2max test over a standard rowing distance of 2,000 m. The analyzed parameters during the test were: HR (bpm), Rf (b/min), VE (l/min), VO2 (ml/min), VCO2 (ml/min), VT (l), O2exp (ml), CO2exp (ml), RER, PaCO2 (mmHg), PaO2 (mmHg), Kcal/min, FAT (g), CHO (g), from which we determined the ventilatory thresholds, and the energy resource used during the specific 2,000 m rowing distance (ATP, ATP+CP, muscle glycogen).Results. We performed an association between HR (180.2±4.80 b/min), and carbohydrate consumption during the sustained effort (41.55±3.99 g) towards determining the energy systems involved: ATP (3.49±1.55%), ATP+CP (18.06±2.99%), muscle glycogen (77.9±3.39%). As a result, completion time (366.3±10.25 s) was significantly correlated with both Rf (p=0.0024), and VO2 (p=0.0166) being also pointed out that ≥5 l VO2 value is associated with an effort time of ≤360 s. (p=0.040, RR=3.50, CI95%=1.02 to 11.96). Thus, the average activation time among muscle ATP (12.81±5.70 s), ATP+CP (66.04±10.17 s, and muscle glycogen (295±9.5 s) are interrelated, and significantly correlated with respiratory parameters.Conclusions. Decreased total activity time was associated with accessing primary energy source in less time, during effort, improving the body energy power. Its effectiveness was recorded by early carbohydrates access, as a primary energy source, during specific activity performed up to 366 seconds.
The Broad Spectrum of Celiac Disease and Gluten Sensitive Enteropathy
Authors: Mocan Oana , Dumitrașcu Dan L.
Published: July 2016

The celiac disease is an immune chronic condition with genetic transmission, caused by the intolerance to gluten. Gluten is a protein from cereals containing the following soluble proteins: gliadine, which is the most toxic, and the prolamins. The average prevalence is about 1% in USA and Europe, but high in Africa: 5.6% in West Sahara. In the pathogenesis several factors are involved: gluten as external trigger, genetic predisposition (HLA, MYO9B), viral infections, abnormal immune reaction to gluten. Severity is correlated with the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes, cryptic hyperplasia and villous atrophy, as well as with the length of intestinal involvement. The severity is assessed according to the Marsh–Oberhuber staging. Diagnostic criteria are: positive serological tests, intestinal biopsy, the reversal after gluten free diet (GFD). Beside refractory forms, new conditions have been described, like the non celiac gluten intolerance. In a time when more and more people adhere to GFD for nonscientific reasons, practitioners should be updated with the progress in celiac disease knowledge.
Efficacy of exercise therapy in workers with rotator cuff tendinopathy: a systematic review
Authors: Desmeules François , Boudreault Jennifer , Dionne Clermont E. , Frémont Pierre , Lowry Véronique , MacDermid Joy C. , Roy Jean‐Sébastien
Published: August 2016

Objective

To perform a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy of therapeutic exercises for workers suffering from rotator cuff (RC) tendinopathy.

Methods

A literature search in four bibliographical databases (Pubmed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and PEDro) was conducted from inception up to February 2015. RCTs were included if participants were workers suffering from RC tendinopathy, the outcome measures included work‐related outcomes, and at least one of the interventions under study included exercises. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated with the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment tool.

Results

The mean methodological score of the ten included studies was 54.4%±17.2%. Types of workers included were often not defined, and work‐related outcome measures were heterogeneous and often not validated. Three RCTs of moderate methodological quality concluded that exercises were superior to a placebo or no intervention in terms of function and return‐to‐work outcomes. No significant difference was found between surgery and exercises based on the results of two studies of low to moderate methodological quality. One study of low methodological quality, comparing a workplace‐based exercise program focusing on the participants' work demands to an exercise program delivered in a clinical setting, concluded that the work‐based intervention was superior in terms of function and return‐to‐work outcomes.

Conclusion

There is low to moderate‐grade evidence that therapeutic exercises provided in a clinical setting are an effective modality to treat workers suffering from RC tendinopathy and to promote return‐to‐work. Further high quality studies comparing different rehabilitation programs including exercises in different settings with defined workers populations are needed to draw firm conclusions on the optimal program to treat workers.
Diagnosis accuracy of two vision screeners for visual health surveillance of workers who use video display terminals
Authors: Molina‐Torres María‐José , Crespo María‐del‐Mar Seguí , Francés Ana Tauste , Lacarra Blanca Lumbreras , Ronda‐Pérez Elena
Published: August 2016

Objective

To compare the diagnostic accuracy of two vision screeners by a visual examination performed by an optometrist (gold standard) and to evaluate the concordance between both screeners and between each screener and the gold standard.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional study that included computer workers who attended a routine yearly health examination. The study included administrative office workers (n= 91) aged 50.2±7.9 years (mean±standard deviation), 69.2% of whom were women and 68.1% of whom used video display terminals (VDT) for >4 h/day. The routine visual examination included monocular and binocular distance visual acuity (VA), distance and near lateral phoria (LP), stereo acuity (SA), and color vision. Tests were repeated with Optec 6500 (by Stereo Optical) and Visiotest (by Essilor) screeners. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPV), negative predictive values (NPV), and false positive and negative rates were calculated. Kappa coefficient (κ) was used to measure the concordance of the screeners and the gold standard.

Results

The sensitivity and specificity for monocular VA were over 80% for both vision screeners; PPV was below 25%. Sensitivity and specificity were lower for SA (55%‐70%), PPV was 50%, and NPV was 75% for both screeners. For distance LP, sensitivity and PPV were < 10% in both cases. The screeners differed in their values for near LP: Optec 6500 had higher sensitivity (43.5%), PPV (37.0%), and NPV (79.7%); whereas the Visiotest had higher specificity (83.8%). For color vision, Visiotest showed low sensitivity, low PPV, and high specificity. Visiotest obtained false positive rates that were lower or similar to Optec 6500, and both screeners obtained false negative rates below 50%. Both screeners showed poor concordance (κ<0.40).

Conclusions

A high value for NPV would qualify both screeners as acceptable alternatives for visual health surveillance when used as a screening tool; patients with positive test results should be referred to a specialist.
Communication Challenges in Neonatal Encephalopathy
Authors: Lemmon Monica E. , Donohue Pamela K. , Parkinson Charlamaine , Northington Frances J. , Boss Renee D.
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND:

Families must process complex information related to neonatal encephalopathy and therapeutic hypothermia.

METHODS:

In this mixed methods study, semi-structured interviews were performed with parents whose infants were enrolled in an existing longitudinal cohort study of therapeutic hypothermia between 2011 and 2014.

RESULTS:

Thematic saturation was achieved after 20 interviews. Parental experience of communicating with clinicians was characterized by 3 principle themes. Theme 1 highlighted that a fragmented communication process mirrored the chaotic maternal and neonatal course. Parents often received key information about neonatal encephalopathy and therapeutic hypothermia from maternal clinicians. Infant medical information was often given to 1 family member (60%), who felt burdened by the responsibility to relay that information to others. Families universally valued the role of the bedside nurse, who was perceived as the primary source of communication for most (75%) families. Theme 2 encompassed the challenges of discussing the complex therapy of therapeutic hypothermia: families appreciated clinicians who used lay language and provided written material, and they often felt overwhelmed by technical information that made it hard to understand the “big picture” of their infant’s medical course. Theme 3 involved the uncertain prognosis after neonatal encephalopathy. Parents appreciated specific expectations about their infant’s long-term development, and experienced long-term distress about prognostic uncertainty.

CONCLUSIONS:

Communicating complex and large volumes of information in the midst of perinatal crisis presents inherent challenges for both clinicians and families. We identified an actionable set of communication challenges that can be addressed with targeted interventions.
Elhízó Magyarország. A túlsúly és az elhízás trendje és prevalenciája Magyarországon, 2015
Authors: Rurik Imre , Ungvári Tímea , Szidor Judit , Torzsa Péter , Móczár Csaba , Jancsó Zoltán , Sándor János
Published: July 2016

Introduction: The prevalence of obesity is growing continuously worldwide, even in Hungary. Since 1988, when the first professional wide-range evaluation was performed, only limited data are available. Aim: Authors present the results of the ever largest Hungarian obesity-prevalence surveys, performed by family and occupational physicians. Method: Data from 0.55% of the population above 18 year were registered in all geographical regions of Hungary (43,287 persons; 17,901 males and 25,386 females), close to the proper national representativeness. Age, body mass index, waist circumference, educational level, presence of hypertension and/or diabetes were analyzed statistically and compared with previous data. Results: The overall prevalence rate of overweight and obesity among men was 40% and 32%, respectively, while overweight and obesity occurred in 32% of women. In the different age groups of men, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was: 32.7% and 18.2% in 18–34 years; 40.1% and 34.4% in 35–59 years; 43.5% and 38.8% in over 60 years, respectively. In the same age groups of women, overweight and obesity occurred in 19.6% and 15.7%, 36.8% and 38.7%, and 36.5% and 39.7%, respectively. Body mass index and waist-circumference were presented according to age, by decades and by type of residency as well. The highest ratio of overweight was registered among men with the highest educational level, while highest ratio of obesity among women having the lowest education. Obesity according to Body mass index and abdominal obesity was the highest in the villages, especially among females. Registered metabolic morbidities were strongly correlated with body mass index and both were inversely related to the level of urbanization. Conclusions: Over the previous decades, the ratio of the overweight and even the number of obese persons increased significantly, and it was most prominent among males, mainly in younger generation. Obesity means a serious medical, public health and economic problem, and it requires higher public awareness and political support. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(31), 1248–1255.
D-vitamin és kalcium a klinikai evidenciák tükrében
Authors: Bajnok László
Published: July 2016

The biological mechanisms, ecological and observational studies indicate increased morbidity and mortality in vitamin D deficiency, while the controlled, randomized supplementation trials – carried out mostly in vitamin D deficient patients – have shown no or some marginal benefits, mostly in preventing institutionalized elderly individuals’ falls and fractures. Clarity is also disturbed by that the primary end points of intervention studies were generally not extraskeletal. The ideal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels also considerably controversial: there is clearly a J-curve, but the optimal range is uncertain. All of these uncertainties appear also in the vitamin D guidelines which are, however, concordant in that they do not recommend (i) a population-wide screening and (ii) vitamin D supplementation with extraskeletal aim – beyond the prevention of falls. Certain studies suggest that calcium supplementation increases the incidence of cardiovascular events, while others show a neutral effect in this respect. There are several ongoing vitamin D studies directly designed for extraskeletal events. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(31), 1242–1247.
A diffúz nagy B-sejtes lymphoma modern szemlélete és kezelése
Authors: Gergely Lajos , Illés Árpád
Published: July 2016

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common type of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Using the conventional cyclophosphamide adriablastin vincristin prednisolon polychemotherapy about 50% of the patients were cured. The addition of rituximab to the regimen increased the cure rate to 60%. This is a major improvement, however, further advance is still needed to increase the cure rate. The extensive genetic testing performed recently revealed several important pathognomic mutations as potential targets in this disease. Routine diagnosis of patients now includes the use of 18Fluor-deoxy-glucose positron emission computer tomography, according to the recent Lugano classification system. With all these data we can better predict the prognosis of patients, and we can select candidates for novel targeted therapies as well. Answering these questions, and utilizing novel therapies possibly will further increase the cure rate in the near future. This paper summarizes current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches and describes recent understanding in the mutations and pathognomic changes resulting in the disease. The authors also summarize the data available on experimental therapies possibly entering clinical pratice in the forthcoming years. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(31), 1232–1241.
Korszerű lipidcsökkentő kezelés
Authors: Paragh György , Karádi István
Published: July 2016

Considerable evidence suggests that “the lower the better” is a reasonable approach for reducing cardiovascular risk by lowering LDL cholesterol levels. Despite the reduction in cardiovascular events and mortality achieved by statin therapy, significant residual risk remains, especially in severe hereditary hypercholesterolemia, such as familial hypercholesterolemia. Some new strategies to achieve even lower LDL levels are now available, including the addition of cholesterol absorption inhibitor ezetimibe, and the recently available Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 monoclonal antibodies. In addition, new LDL drugs may be effectively administrated in those individuals who are unable to tolerate statins. The authors summarize the efficacy and clinical indications of these new agents and review the currently available guidelines. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(31), 1219–1223.
First record of Lepanthes appendiculata Ames (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) from Nicaragua, with comments on the morphological variation, geographical distribution, and conservation status
Authors: Cash-Arcia Norman , Cetzal-Ix William , Mó Edgar , Vega Hermes , Basu Saikat Kumar
Published: August 2016

Lepanthes appendiculata Ames, a new record for the orchid flora of Nicaragua is presented, with comments on its geographical distribution, floral variations, and analysis of conservation status following IUCN criteria. Additionally, we include iconography of its floral variations, habitats, and a detailed distribution map. Based on the herbarium records and iconography, we also accept and corroborate 10 species of Lepanthes Sw. in Nicaragua.
TOPLUMSAL CİNSİYET EŞİTSİZLİĞİ EKSENİNDE KADIN İSTİHDAMI VE EKONOMİK ŞİDDET
Authors: ATAKLI YAVUZ Rüya
Published: July 2016

Sosyalleşme sürecinde kadın ve erkeğe aileden başlamak üzere toplumun gelenek, görenek, sosyal ve kültürel yapı gibi unsurlarından kaynaklanarak biçilen roller neticesinde bireyler cinsiyet rollerini özümsemekte ve içselleştirmektedirler. Başta aile olmak üzere toplum tarafından dayatılan cinsiyetçi rol paylaşımı çoğu zaman kadınların aleyhine olacak biçimde eşitsizlik ortaya çıkmasına yol açmaktadır. Toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliği, genellikle erkekleri toplumsal hiyerarşinin en tepe noktasına otoritenin temsilcisi olarak yerleştirirken; kadının toplum yaşamında ikinci plana itilmesine, dışlanmasına, eğitim, istihdam gibi birçok alanda ayrımcılığa maruz kalmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliğinin Türkiye’de kadın istidamı üzerinde nasıl yansımaları olduğu ve özellikle ekonomik faktörlerin etkisiyle kadınların uğradığı ekonomik şiddet olgusu üzerine inceleme yapılacaktır.
TÜRKİYE DE AİLEDEN BİRİ OLSAYDI: MALİYE POLİTİKASININ SEÇİLMİŞ AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ ÜYESİ ÜLKELERDE VE TÜRKİYE’DE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ
Authors: ESENER Selçuk Çağrı
Published: July 2016

Bu araştırma çeşitli maliye politikası araçlarının ekonomik performans üzerindeki etkilerini tespit etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada seçilmiş Avrupa Birliği üyesi ülkeler ve PIIGS olarak da adlandırılan borç krizi yaşayan ülkelerin yanı sıra genişletilmiş modelde Türkiye de yer almaktadır. Panel veri analizinin çeşitli yöntemleriyle yapılan ampirik sınamalar çerçevesinde ekonomik büyümeyi etkileyen ana değişkenlerin vergiler, sosyal güvenlik harcamaları ve kamu tüketim harcamaları olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
TÜRK MOBİLYA SEKTÖRÜNÜN DIŞ TİCARET YAPISININ ANALİZİ
Authors: ŞAHİN Dilek
Published: July 2016

Mobilya sektörü, önemli imalat sanayi alt sektörlerinden biridir. Mobilya sektörü, inşaat sektörünün gelişmesi ve mobilya kullanım alanının artması ile hızla büyümektedir. Bu çalışmanın esas amacı, Türkiye’nin mobilya sektörü dış ticaret yapısını analiz etmektir. Çalışmada 2000-2015 dönemi esas alınmıştır. Çalışmada iki yöntem kullanılmıştır. İlk olarak mobilya sektörünün endüstri-içi ticaret yapısı analiz edilmiştir. İkinci olarak mobilya sektörünün rekabet gücü analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada sonuç olarak mobilya sektöründe ticaretin endüstri-içi ticaret şeklinde gerçekleştiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca endüstri-içi ticaret düşük kaliteli dikey endüstri-içi ticaret şeklinde gerçekleşmektedir. Rekabet gücü analizi sonucunda ise mobilya sektöründe rekabet gücünün yıllar itibariyle artış gösterdiği görülmüştür.
INNOVATIVE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT BASED ON THE INTELLIGENT NETWORKS OF SMART GRID CONCEPT
Authors: REKOVA Nataliia , KLOPOV Ivan
Published: July 2016

The article deals with modern global energy trends and “intelligent networks" bases. It defines fundamentals of the modern Smart Grid concept and its specific implementation in the leading countries of the world. It also covers the peculiarities of smart grids evolution, advanced forms and directions of Smart Grid development and its implementation.
TURKEY AND THE EUROPEAN UNION: PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES OF A RESILIENT RELATIONSHIP
Authors: KOVALENKO Olena O. , RAMOS Francisco F. R.
Published: July 2016

The accession of Turkey to the European Union is undoubtedly the most complex and throughout all processes of enlargement of the bloc. Turkey is the country that waited longer to enter the European Union, always threatening to quit, but never actually leaving. What is sought to explain here are not only the reasons for such complexity, but the reason for the persistence of this relationship that has lasted over 50 years.
FIRM'S DIVIDEND DECISION İN INDONESIA: CATER OR MATURE?
Authors: BUDIARSO Novi S. , PONTOH Winston
Published: July 2016

The unsolved puzzle of dividend decision giving unclearly assumptions about the motivation behind dividend payments. This circumstances make this study suspects dividend decisions are setting based on the perspective of catering or life cycle theories. Conducting logistic regression for hypothesis testing, the study takes 222 Indonesia listed firms in period 2009 till 2014 as samples. The study reveals firms as dividend payers in mature phase are firms with : (1) age below 33 years who have lower debt, larger size, and better profitable; and (2) age over 33 years who have lower debt, smaller size, and better profitable. Also, this study reveals firms who setting their dividend decision based on catering theory are firms with : (1) age above 33 years who have lower debt, smaller size, and better profitable; and (2) age above 33 years who have lower debt, larger size and better profitable.
Diagnósticos de enfermagem em pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral: revisão integrativa
Authors: Lima Ana Carolina Maria Araújo Chagas Costa , Silva Aurilene Lima da , Guerra Débora Rodrigues , Barbosa Islene Victor , Bezerra Karine de Castro , Oriá Mônica Oliveira Batista
Published: August 2016

RESUMO Objetivo: verificar os diagnósticos de enfermagem presentes nos pacientes acometidos por AVC. Método: trata-se de revisão integrativa da literatura. A busca ocorreu nas bases LILACS, Scielo, Medline, CINAHL e Scopus entre fevereiro e março de 2015, utilizando os descritores controlados: "Enfermagem", "Acidente Vascular Cerebral" e "Diagnóstico de Enfermagem" e "Nursing", "Stroke" e "Nursing Diagnosis". Resultados: encontraram-se 9 artigos publicados entre 2009 e 2015, sendo a maioria brasileiros, do tipo transversal e exploratório e com nível evidência 6. As evidências das publicações foram categorizadas em: "Avaliação e validação de diagnósticos de enfermagem específicos para indivíduos acometidos por AVC" e "Aplicação do processo de enfermagem em indivíduos acometidos por AVC". Conclusão: percebeu-se um enfoque das publicações nos diagnósticos de enfermagem relacionados aos distúrbios motores, como risco de quedas e mobilidade física prejudicada. Os domínios relacionados à segurança/proteção (domínio 11) e ao sono/repouso (domínio 4) estiveram presentes na maior parte das publicações avaliadas.
METÁFORAS DA CRISE: ENTRE O DISCURSO E A HIPERTEXTUALIDADE NO JORNALISMO ON-LINE
Authors: Nascimento Emanuel Angelo
Published: August 2016

Resumo Considerando a construção de sentidos e a materialidade hipertextual no jornalismo on-line, este artigo procura analisar, com base na Análise do Discurso (AD) de linha francesa, as condições de produção discursiva nos processos de enunciação digital em torno da crise econômica de 2008. Para tanto, analisa-se o contexto da "quebra" do banco Lehman Brothers, nos EUA, tematizada em diversas revistas, jornais e portais de notícias on-line de grande circulação no Brasil, tais como o Estadao.com.br, a Folha Online, a Globo.com, o Jornalnacional.globo.com, a ISTOÉ Dinheiro e a Veja.com que, à época, expressaram, através de uma rede de links hipertextuais, o temor dos mercados sobre uma possível recessão mundial. Observa-se, na análise, que as metáforas da crise presentes nos discursos político e econômico inserem-se no discurso das mídias por meio dos processos de entextualização discursiva e hipertextualização digital, com descolamentos e ressignificação dos sentidos que circulam socialmente.
An Ungrateful Disposition: Psychometric Properties of the Dispositional Envy Scale in Brazil
Authors: Medeiros Emerson Diógenes de , Soares Ana Karla Silva , Nascimento Anderson Mesquita do , Silva Jéssica Bruna Santana , Gouveia Valdiney Veloso
Published: August 2016

Abstract Envy appears to be found among all cultures, and most individuals seem capable of experiencing it. The aim of this research was to gather evidence of the validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of the Dispositional Envy Scale. For that, we performed two studies, each with 246 university students. In the first study, the results indicated that the instrument is composed of a single component. The second study confirms this structure based on the good fit indices and presents adjustment indicators that comply or approach the recommended criteria in the literature. Both studies demonstrate that the single component instrument presents a good level of reliability, as indicated by levels of internal consistency and homogeneity that exceed those recommended for such studies. Accordingly, it was concluded that the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Dispositional Envy Scale presents acceptable psychometric characteristics and that it may, therefore, be used to assess the tendency or predisposition to feel envy.
All-Trans Retinoic Acid-Induced Craniofacial Malformation Model: A Prenatal and Postnatal Morphological Analysis
Authors: Wang Weicai , Jian Yutao , Cai Bin , Wang Miao , Chen Mu , Huang Hongzhang
Published: August 2016

Objective

To characterize the prenatal and postnatal craniofacial bone development in mouse model of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) exposure at different ages by a quantitative and morphological analysis of skull morphology.

Methods

Pregnant mice were exposed to ATRA at embryonic day 10 (E10) and 13 (E13) by oral gavage. Skulls of mice embryos at E19.5 and adult mice at postnatal day 35 (P35) were collected for high-resolution microcomputed tomography (microCT) imaging scanning and section HE staining. Reconstruction and measurement of mouse skulls were performed for prenatal and postnatal analysis of the control and ATRA-exposed mice.

Results

Craniofacial malformations in mouse models caused by ATRA exposure were age dependent. ATRA exposure at E10 induced cleft palate in 81.8% of the fetuses, whereas the palatine bone of E13-exposed mice was intact. Inhibitions of maxilla and mandible development with craniofacial asymmetry induced were observed at E19.5 and P35. Compared with control and E13-exposed mice, the palatine bones of E10-exposed mice were not elevated and were smaller in dimension. Some E10-exposed mice exhibited other craniofacial abnormalities, including premature fusion of mandibular symphysis with a missing mandibular incisor and a smaller mandible. Severe deviated snouts and amorphous craniofacial suture were detected in E13-exposed mice at P35.

Conclusion

These morphological variations in E10- and E13-exposed mice suggested that ATRA was teratogenic in craniofacial bone development in mice and the effect was age dependent.
Delivering London 2012: organisation and programme
Authors: Hone Dennis , Higgins David , Galloway Ian , Kintrea Kenna
Published: August 2016

The UK's Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) was established in 2006 to construct the new venues and infrastructure required to host the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. These responsibilities were carried out in conjunction with CLM, a delivery partner from the private sector. This paper reviews how ODA was organised and describes the programme management and assurance practices deployed. The delivery strategies established, coupled with an effective relationship between ODA and its delivery partner and rigorous programme controls, facilitated successful delivery of the £7 billion of venues and infrastructure needed for the games.
Delivering London 2012: structures, bridges and highways
Authors: Baird David , Thurston Mark , Triggs Chris , Corrigan Hugh , Samaras Stephanos
Published: August 2016

The £673 million Olympic Park structures, bridges and highways project is one of the largest for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. It involved delivering 29 bridges and underpasses, 20 km of highways, 16 km of perimeter security fencing, 11 km of retaining walls and 24 games-time operational support areas. Significant design and construction achievements were realised despite a challenging programme, lengthy procurement process and coordination with multiple stakeholders. Designs were developed to high aesthetic standards incorporating innovative approaches, structural forms and unconventional materials while meeting the challenges of constructability and phasing. Given the presence of multiple contractors, efficient management of site logistics and construction programming was essential for safe and effective delivery.
Unsaturated loessial soils: a sustainable solution for earthworks
Authors: Roohnavaz Changiz , Russell Edward J. F. , Taylor Howard F.
Published: August 2016

A large expansion to one of the world's largest processing facilities is located on unsaturated metastable loessial soils. In these soils particles of silt are cemented together by aggregations of clay compounds and carbonate ‘bridges', forming a porous structure that is hard when dry, but liable to change state rapidly and collapse under wetting and a unique stress ‘threshold pressure'. The proposed processing expansion involves construction in phases of a number of large developments, including processing areas, gas reinjection stations, power plants, a waste management unit, and supporting infrastructure including external and internal roads, bridges and residential developments. The construction would require extensive grading and excavations, resulting in earthworks volumes of hundreds of thousands of cubic metres of metastable soils. To date, the material excavated from the completed phases of development has been considered not reusable, and is placed in selected locations around the field. Based on extensive laboratory data including compaction, CBR, strength, deformation and suction, this paper reports on the potential reuse of these site-won loessial soils as earthworks material, thereby significantly adding to the sustainability aspects of the development. The paper proposes moisture content and suction monitoring of loess fill at placement to supplement the standard site control measures.
Stone column support for an embankment on deep alluvial soils
Authors: Cooper M. R. , Rose A. N.
Published: August 2016

The south roundabout embankment to the River Avon bridge of the St Philips Causeway in Bristol is up to 7 m high and stands on thick alluvial deposits including very soft clays and peat. Stone columns have been used to ensure short-term stability, to accelerate and control consolidation settlements, and to reduce secondary compression effects to meet stringent settlement criteria within a short period. This paper describes the design of the stone column layout and gives details of the monitoring carried out to determine its effectiveness. The results obtained confirmed the design assumptions and indicate that the ground improvement was successful. The paper highlights the importance of the correct estimation of stress levels in assessing shear strength characteristics for the column/host soil combination, and points out the reduced efficiency of the system at its margins with unimproved ground.
Hydraulic properties of household waste and implications for landfills
Authors: Powrie W. , Beaven R. P.
Published: August 2016

A series of tests has been carried out on crude unprocessed household waste in a large purpose-built compression cell, to investigate the variations in density, drainable porosity and hydraulic conductivity with vertical stress. An increase in the particle density of the waste with increasing stress was identified; this may mean that the applicability of some standard soil mechanics theories to household waste may need to be reviewed. The results of the tests are described and discussed, with reference to their implications for the flow and control of leachate in landfills. The hydrogeological limitations on vertical flushing rates in landfills operated as flushing bioreactors are considered and the operation and performance of leachate extraction wells investigated by means of simple analytical models.
Re-thinking UK transport emissions – getting to the 2050 targets
Authors: Pantelidou Heleni , Casey Gerard , Chapman Tim , Guthrie Peter , Soga Kenichi
Published: August 2016

Transport is a complex system, integral to national and international structure and without which society cannot function. At the same time, transport is a significant contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions. In the UK a step change is required in the transport sector to achieve the legally binding reduction targets of the Climate Change Act 2008. Following the UK government’s 2013 review of carbon dioxide emissions from infrastructure, this paper looks at the country’s present and projected transport emissions in the context of the transport status quo and plans for growth. It argues there is an urgent need to rebalance the transport modal mix, with all modes integrated into a seamless transport system with smart interfacing between them. Drivers for behavioural change are also essential.
Innovative geotechnical risk management for SCL tunnels
Authors: Gakis Angelos , Salak Petr , St. John Adrian
Published: August 2016

Following the construction of the Crossrail Project, Farringdon will become one of Britain's busiest train stations connecting three major networks – Thameslink line, Crossrail and London Underground. The station tunnels are constructed using sprayed concrete lining techniques. The geotechnical conditions were the principal challenge, governing both design and construction processes. The tunnels were excavated mainly within the Lambeth Group, a formation comprising various units, mainly stiff to very stiff overconsolidated clays with interbedded sand lenses of unknown size, hydraulic properties and continuity. Moreover, four major geological faults cross the footprint of the station, effectively changing the position of the risk-imposing sand lenses in relation to the tunnelling works. A robust and innovative geotechnical risk management approach was adopted from the design to the construction phase, utilising additional surface investigation, in-tunnel investigation and a ‘live' three-dimensional ground model. This provided a framework for effective on-site decision making and a cycle of risk reduction related mainly to the presence of multiple faults and potentially high water pressures within sand layers at the tunnel face. This approach is demonstrated in various stages of the project. This ‘best practice' model could be applied to other projects with challenging geotechnical conditions.
Behaviour of piled embankment without reinforcement
Authors: Fagundes Diego de Freitas , Almeida Márcio de Souza Soares de , Girout Romain , Blanc Matthieu , Thorel Luc
Published: August 2016

A programme of 20 centrifuge tests was carried out on piled embankments without reinforcement to assess the influence of geometric parameters on surface settlement and on the load transfer mechanism. The three main geometric parameters studied were pile spacing, embankment height and area ratio, which were varied in ranges commonly adopted in practice. The measurements of the forces on the piles allowed assessment of the load transfer mechanisms, and thus the efficiency, which were shown to increase with embankment height and area ratio. Subsoil stress between piles was also assessed and compared with literature data. The centrifuge model test results for stress on the subsoil at the point of ‘maximum arching’ presented good agreement with the method proposed by Hewlett and Randolph in 1988. Measurements of the surface settlements allowed evaluation of the critical height at which surface differential settlements did not occur. The values of critical height obtained herein are in good agreement with recent literature recommendations.
High-capacity ribbed pile foundations
Authors: Gorasia Rohit Jay , McNamara Andrew
Published: August 2016

This research concerns the influence of ribs on the ultimate capacity of a bored pile in overconsolidated clay. Ribbed bored piles are known to give increased shaft capacity in comparison to conventional straight-shafted bored piles. The investigation seeks to explore the effectiveness of ribs at increasing the ultimate capacity of a pile, and furthermore to understand how this enhanced capacity is derived. The scale pile test results are analysed using several industry standard methods. A plastic failure envelope for the base of the pile rib is identified. This plastic failure envelope is used to provide a detailed design solution for the ultimate capacity of a ribbed pile. The design solution is simple and requires a summation of the constitutive contributions from each rib and from the base and shaft of the pile. This method has been used successfully to predict the ultimate capacity of any pile tested to within ± 8%.
Numerical approach for strain-softening rock with axial stress
Authors: Zou Jin-feng , He Zheng
Published: August 2016

This study proposes a numerical approach that considers the effect of out-of-plane stress for circular tunnels excavated in strain-softening rock. The entire plastic region is divided into a finite number of concentric rings whose thickness is determined to satisfy equilibrium and compatibility equations internally. The increments of stress and strain for each ring are obtained by successively incorporating the effect of out-of-plane stress. The initial value of the outermost ring is determined using equilibrium and compatibility equations. Numerical solutions of the stress, displacement and plastic radius are derived by considering the effect of out-of-plane stress for circular tunnels excavated in strain-softening rock obeying Mohr–Coulomb or generalised Hoek–Brown failure criteria. The proposed approach is compared with previously proposed solutions. Several examples are presented to validate the accuracy of the proposed approach and the effect of different parameters is determined. The results show that the out-of-plane stress influences stress and displacement distributions in the plastic region. The results also show that the residual and softening plastic radii increase with increasing out-of-plane stress when out-of-plane stress is the major or intermediate principal stress, and the residual and softening radii increase with decreasing out-of-plane stress when out-of-plane stress is the minor principal stress.
Field experiments on instrumented winged monopiles
Authors: Murphy Gerry , Doherty Paul , Cadogan David , Gavin Kenneth
Published: August 2016

This paper presents the results of field tests performed to investigate the field behaviour of winged-monopile foundations. The principle of the winged monopile is that steel plates are attached to a standard monopile (in the area near the ground or seabed surface) to increase the foundation stiffness and lateral resistance. The experimental tests described in this paper consisted of load tested driven instrumented prototype scale standard (reference) monopiles and piles with varying wing geometries at two sand sites. The overall load–displacement performance and mobilised bending moment profiles were examined to assess the potential benefits of adding wings to monopiles. Experimental p–y curves were developed for the piles to analyse how the presence of wings influenced the soil–structure interaction of the foundation system. The use of simplified p–y methods for predicting the winged-pile response was assessed. The experiments proved that the addition of wings greatly improved the lateral resistance and stiffness of the piles; however, the results suggest that conventional p–y curve methods are limited as they cannot account for the effect that the enhanced stresses mobilised by the wings have on the strength and stiffness response of the pile below the wing location.
Settlement of floor slabs on stone columns in very soft clays
Authors: Pugh Richard S.
Published: August 2016

Investigations of serviceability failures of building floor slabs supported by stone columns in very soft clays prompted a review of the methods for predicting the settlement reduction achieved by the columns. Data from both successful case histories and serviceability failures indicate that, in practice, settlement reduction for widespread loading of very soft clays may be both quite limited and overestimated by current design methods. Analysis of long-term settlement observations from two serviceability failures suggests that the reduction in secondary settlement achieved by the stone columns was also quite limited. Based on these findings it is considered that the range of loadings and thicknesses of very soft clay for which stone columns would be viable for widespread building loads is likewise limited. A review of the serviceability failures led to the conclusion that inadequacies in the procurement of the design and construction of the stone columns contributed to the failures.
Effects of fixed-piston sampler fixity on clay sample quality
Authors: Lee Jung Man , Chung Sung Gyo , Kweon Hyeog Jun , Singh Vinod Kumar
Published: August 2016

This research studied the application of samplers under three fixity conditions during sampling tube penetration and evaluated the quality of the retrieved samples. Original and portable types of oil-operated fixed-piston samplers with identical sampling tubes were employed at a site in the Nakdong River Delta. Suction, shear wave velocity and consolidation tests were conducted to assess sample quality. The soil fabric, including holes, nodules, roots and shells, rather than soil sensitivity (4 to 28) was found to significantly affect sample quality, particularly suction. The sample quality indicators, except for the suction-based values, near the centre of each sampling tube tended to vary depending on the bulk density of the ground. The original type of sampler fixed at the centre of the steel casing produced samples of slightly better quality than those produced by the same sampler freely located in the borehole and those produced by a portable sampler tightly located in the steel casing. This finding was also supported by different qualities of samples obtained using the oil-operated and mechanical samplers at a different site. It is thus concluded that the fixity of samplers is a minor factor that influences sample quality.
Settlement control by deep and mass soil mixing in clayey soil
Authors: Alipour Rasoul , Khazaei Jahangir , Pakbaz Mohammad Sirous , Ghalandarzadeh Abbas
Published: August 2016

This paper discusses the influence of adding various amounts of cement to and changing the water content of clayey soil and their effects on controlling the settlement of a superstructure with various improvement area ratios (IARs). As a first step, the physical and mechanical properties of clayey soil from Bandar Imam Port, Iran, with 4, 6, 8 and 10% cement content and various water contents (30, 48 and 70%) were determined. Sample preparation was carried out using the wet deep soil mixing (DSM) method. The relationship between secant modulus at 50% strength (E50) and curing time for various cement contents was determined. In addition, different DSM column patterns with IARs of 0, 0·2, 0·3, 0·4 and 0·5, considering floating and end bearing DSM columns, were modelled using the finite-element method. Soil improvement by mass mixing of layers 2–7 m thick was also studied. The optimisation of various IARs and DSM characteristics and patterns enables production of a chart guide for preliminary design.