bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polaronic Contributions to Friction in a Manganite Thin Film
Authors: Weber Niklas A. , Schmidt Hendrik , Sievert Tim , Jooss Christian , Güthoff Friedrich , Moshneaga Vasily , Samwer Konrad , Krüger Matthias , Volkert Cynthia A.
Published: February 2021

Despite the huge importance of friction in regulating movement in all natural and technological processes, the mechanisms underlying dissipation at a sliding contact are still a matter of debate. Attempts to explain the dependence of measured frictional losses at nanoscale contacts on the electronic degrees of freedom of the surrounding materials have so far been controversial. Here, it is proposed that friction can be explained by considering the damping of stick‐slip pulses in a sliding contact. Based on friction force microscopy studies of La(1−x)SrxMnO3films at the ferromagnetic‐metallic to a paramagnetic‐polaronic conductor phase transition, it is confirmed that the sliding contact generates thermally‐activated slip pulses in the nanoscale contact, and argued that these are damped by direct coupling into the phonon bath. Electron‐phonon coupling leads to the formation of Jahn–Teller polarons and to a clear increase in friction in the high‐temperature phase. There is neither evidence for direct electronic drag on the atomic force microscope tip nor any indication of contributions from electrostatic forces. This intuitive scenario, that friction is governed by the damping of surface vibrational excitations, provides a basis for reconciling controversies in literature studies as well as suggesting possible tactics for controlling friction.
Photoswitching between Water‐Tolerant Adhesion and Swift Release by Inverting Liquid Crystal Fingerprint Topography
Authors: Feng Wei , Chu Liangyong , de Rooij Matthijn B. , Liu Danqing , Broer Dirk J.
Published: February 2021

Although switchable adhesive surfaces are important and desirable for soft robotics, it is still challenging to replicate nature's switchable adhesion capability on artificial surfaces, especially for underwater applications. Here polymeric coatings with fingerprint topographies that are capable of switching the surface adhesion upon light illumination are reported. This is achieved via a synergistic combination of surface topographical inversion and spatially selective distribution of adhesive polymers. The surface topographical inversion is accomplished by the anisotropic deformation of the fingerprint‐configured liquid crystal network (LCN) coating upon light‐controlled order parameter modulation. Adhesive and nonadhesive polymers are spatial‐selectively arranged on top of the LCN coating following the alternating homeotropic and planar domains, respectively, where liquid crystal mesogens are orthogonally aligned. The adhesive part is composed of a water‐tolerant adhesive polymer with 3,4‐dihydroxy‐l‐phenylalanine (catechol) groups inspired by mussel byssus. This report presents a dynamic surface with locally alternating nonadhesive indented areas and adhesive elevated areas where the topographical positions can be dynamically changed with light illumination which can serve as smart skins for robotic applications.
Extracellular Vesicles from Child Gut Microbiota Enter into Bone to Preserve Bone Mass and Strength
Authors: Liu Jiang‐Hua , Chen Chun‐Yuan , Liu Zheng‐Zhao , Luo Zhong‐Wei , Rao Shan‐Shan , Jin Ling , Wan Teng‐Fei , Yue Tao , Tan Yi‐Juan , Yin Hao , Yang Fei , Huang Fei‐Yu , Guo Jian , Wang Yi‐Yi , Xia Kun , Cao Jia , Wang Zhen‐Xing , Hong Chun‐Gu , Luo Ming‐Jie , Hu Xiong‐Ke , Liu Yi‐Wei , Du Wei , Luo Juan , Hu Yin , Zhang Yan , Huang Jie , Li Hong‐Ming , Wu Ben , Liu Hao‐Ming , Chen Tuan‐Hui , Qian Yu‐Xuan , Li You‐You , Feng Shi‐Kai , Chen Yang , Qi Lu‐Yue , Xu Ran , Tang Si‐Yuan , Xie Hui
Published: February 2021

Recently, the gut microbiota (GM) has been shown to be a regulator of bone homeostasis and the mechanisms by which GM modulates bone mass are still being investigated. Here, it is found that colonization with GM from children (CGM) but not from the elderly (EGM) prevents decreases in bone mass and bone strength in conventionally raised, ovariectomy (OVX)‐induced osteoporotic mice. 16S rRNA gene sequencing reveals that CGM reverses the OVX‐induced reduction of Akkermansia muciniphila (Akk). Direct replenishment of Akk is sufficient to correct the OVX‐induced imbalanced bone metabolism and protect against osteoporosis. Mechanistic studies show that the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is required for the CGM‐ and Akk‐induced bone protective effects and these nanovesicles can enter and accumulate into bone tissues to attenuate the OVX‐induced osteoporotic phenotypes by augmenting osteogenic activity and inhibiting osteoclast formation. The study identifies that gut bacterium Akk mediates the CGM‐induced anti‐osteoporotic effects and presents a novel mechanism underlying the exchange of signals between GM and host bone.
Room‐Temperature Sodium–Sulfur Batteries and Beyond: Realizing Practical High Energy Systems through Anode, Cathode, and Electrolyte Engineering
Authors: Eng Alex Yong Sheng , Kumar Vipin , Zhang Yiwen , Luo Jianmin , Wang Wenyu , Sun Yongming , Li Weiyang , Seh Zhi Wei
Published: February 2021

The increasing energy demands of society today have led to the pursuit of alternative energy storage systems that can fulfil rigorous requirements like cost‐effectiveness and high storage capacities. Based fundamentally on earth‐abundant sodium and sulfur, room‐temperature sodium–sulfur batteries are a promising solution in applications where existing lithium‐ion technology remains less economically viable, particularly in large‐scale stationary systems such as grid‐level storage. Here, the key challenges in the field are first highlighted, followed by comprehensive analyses of accessible strategies to overcome them, starting from engineering of the anode–electrolyte interface in both liquid and solid electrolytes. Recently reported polymer and solid‐state electrolytes are also surveyed. Thereafter, the core principles guiding use‐inspired design of cathode architectures, covering the spectrum of elemental sulfur and polysulfide cathodes, to emerging host structures, and covalent composites are focused upon. Future prospects are explored, with insights into other alkali‐metal systems beyond sodium–sulfur batteries, such as the potassium–sulfur battery. Finally a conclusion is provided by outlining the research directions necessary to attain high energy sodium–sulfur devices, and potential solutions to issues concerning large‐scale production, so as to ultimately realize widespread deployment of practical energy storage systems.
Rationally Design a Sulfur Cathode with Solid‐Phase Conversion Mechanism for High Cycle‐Stable Li–S Batteries
Authors: He Bin , Rao Zhixiang , Cheng Zexiao , Liu Dongdong , He Danqi , Chen Jie , Miao Ziyun , Yuan Lixia , Li Zhen , Huang Yunhui
Published: February 2021

Solid–solid reactions are very effective for solving the main challenges of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries, such as the shuttle effect of polysulfides and the high dependence of electrolyte consumption. However, the low sulfur content and sluggish redox kinetics of such cathodes dramatically limit the practical energy density of Li–S batteries. Here a rationally designed hierarchical cathode to simultaneously solve above‐mentioned challenges is reported. With nanoscale sulfur as the core, selenium‐doped sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (PAN/S7Se) as the shell and micron‐scale secondary particle morphology, the proposed cathode realizes excellent solid–solid reaction kinetics in a commercial carbonate electrolyte under high active species loading and a relatively low electrolyte/sulfur ratio. Such an approach provides a promising solution toward practical lithium sulfur batteries.
Prevalence and the factors associated with malnutrition risk in elderly Chinese inpatients
Authors: Liu Rong , Shao Wenchao , Sun Nianzhe , Lai Jonathan King‐Lam , Zhou Lingshan , Ren Man , Qiao Chendong
Published: February 2021

Background

Malnutrition is an under recognized, but common issue in elderly patients. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of poor nutritional status and identify comprehensive geriatric assessment‐based clinical factors associated with increased malnutrition risk to assessing malnutrition risk in hospitalized elderly patients in China.

Methods

A total of 365 elderly hospitalized patients (178 women, 76.37 ± 7.74 years) undertook a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA), and have their nutritional status assessed using the short‐form mini‐nutritional assessment.

Results

Among 365 patients, 32 (8.77%) were malnourished and 112 (30.68%) were at risk of malnutrition. A logistic regression analysis showed that age (odds ratio [OR], 1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13‐2.23), alcohol consumption (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.19‐3.48), presence or history of cancer or heart failure (OR, 3.48 and 2.86; 95% CI, 1.49‐8.13 and 1.12‐7.27), depression (OR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.97‐4.17), body mass index (OR, 5.62; 95% CI, 3.62‐8.71), being dependent in activity of daily living (OR, 3.81; 95% CI, 2.61‐5.57), a lower score in instrumental activities of daily living (OR, 3.01; 95% CI, 2.09‐4.33), recent fall(s) (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.37‐2.91), cognitive impairment (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.30‐2.53), insomnia (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.07‐2.06), hemoglobin and albumin level (OR, 1.72 and 2.86; 95% CI, 1.17‐2.50 and 1.53‐5.36) were independent correlates of malnutrition in older patients.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that age, alcohol consumption, chronic diseases (cancer and heart failure), depression, body mass index, function status, recent fall(s), cognitive impairment, insomnia, and low hemoglobin and albumin levels were independently associated with malnutrition in these patients. Comprehensive geriatric assessment can provide detailed information of older patients and can be a useful tool for assessing malnutrition risk‐associated factors.
“We didn't get much schooling because we were fishing all the time”: Potential impacts of irregular school attendance on the spread of epidemics
Authors: Dimka Jessica , Sattenspiel Lisa
Published: February 2021

Objectives

Especially in traditional, rural, and low‐income areas, children attend school irregularly. School‐based interventions are common mitigation strategies for infectious disease epidemics, but if daily attendance is not the norm, the impact of schools on disease spread might be overestimated.

Methods

We use an agent‐based model of an early 20th century Newfoundland community to compare epidemic size and duration in three scenarios: (1) all school‐aged children attend school each weekday, (2) students aged 10–15 have a chance of engaging in adult activities each day, and (3) students aged 10–15 have a chance of being reassigned to adult roles at the start of each simulation and thus never attend school.

Results

As the probability of not attending school increases, epidemics become smaller and peak earlier. The change in final size is larger with permanent reassignment (35% at baseline, 18% at maximum reassignment) than with daily nonattendance (35% vs. 22%). For both scenarios, the peak occurs 3 days earlier with maximum absence compared to the baseline. Benefits extend beyond the reassigned agents, as all school‐aged agents are more likely to escape infection with increasing reassignment, and on average, 3–6 additional agents (2.6%–5.3%) escape infection compared to the baseline.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that absenteeism can have important impacts on epidemic outcomes. Thus, socioeconomic and other reasons for nonattendance of school, as well as how rates vary in different contexts, must be considered in models predicting epidemic outcomes or evaluating public health interventions in the face of major pandemics.
Mononuclear iron(III) complexes derived from tridentate ligands containing non‐innocent phenolato donors: Self‐activated nuclease, protease, and phenoxazinone synthase activity studies
Authors: Maji Ankur , Rathi Sweety , Singh Anshu , Singh Udai P. , Ghosh Kaushik
Published: February 2021

The tridentate ligands HPhimpH, OCH3PhimpH, CH3PhimpH, tBuPhimpH, and NO2PhimpH have been synthesized and characterized. These tridentate ligands having non‐innocent phenolato function, Npy and Nim donors upon deprotonation bind to iron(III) center resulting in a series of novel iron complexes, namely, [Fe(HPhimp)2](ClO4) (1), [Fe(OCH3Phimp)2](ClO4) (2), [Fe(CH3Phimp)2](ClO4) (3), [Fe(tBuPhimp)2](ClO4) (4), and [Fe(NO2Phimp)2](ClO4) (5). Complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and UV–visible, and electrospray ionization mass spectral (ESI–MS) studies. Molecular structure of complex 2 was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction study. Electrochemical studies depicted Fe(III)/Fe(II) couple in the range of −0.50 to −0.65 V versus Ag/AgCl. Theoretical calculation using density functional theory (DFT) was also performed to optimize the geometrical and structural parameters. Time‐dependent DFT (TD‐DFT) was also optimized to observe the electronic properties, and data obtained were found to be consistent with experimentally observed values. Representative complex 4 exhibited nuclease and protease activities in the absence of external agents. Complex 4 was found to cleave the DNA and protein via self‐activated mechanism. Complexes 1–5 were utilized to optimize oxidation of o‐aminophenol in methanol. Complexes were found to be efficient in the oxidation of o‐aminophenol. Kinetic experiments were also explored to gain better insight into the oxidation process.
Cu (II), Zn (II), and Ce (III) metal complexes as antimicrobial pigments for surface coating and flexographic ink
Authors: Elsawy M.M. , Faheim Abeer A. , Salem Salem S. , Owda M.E. , Abd El‐Wahab Zeinab H. , Abd El‐Wahab H.
Published: February 2021

Metal complexes, which were prepared from the reaction of an N‐salicylidene(4‐aminotoluene‐3‐sulfonic acid) Schiff base ligand (H2L) with Cu (II), Zn (II), and Ce (III), were characterized and confirmed by elemental analysis, molar conductance measurement, melting point, Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), electronic spectra, magnetic susceptibility, thermal analysis, and qualitative and quantitative antimicrobial studies. The geometry of the compounds was optimized using the semiempirical PM3 Hamiltonian with Restricted Hartree–Fock (RHF) and root‐mean‐square (RMS) gradient of 0.05 kcal/mol. The ligand and its metal complexes were physically incorporated into a water‐based paint and flexographic ink formulation to study their antimicrobial properties and performances as metal‐complex pigments. The results of their performance tests further enhanced their applications as pigments. The mechanical resistance of the prepared paint and ink was also studied to evaluate the possible drawbacks that were associated with the addition of the prepared pigments. Compared with the blank sample, the studies indicated that the physical incorporation of Cu complexes slightly enhanced the mechanical properties of the painted films (the gloss values, hardness, and adhesion) and printed paper (gloss, color strength [density], and abrasion resistance) according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Further, regarding the antimicrobial test, the obtained results can be represented according to the following activity order: the prepared ligand > Zn complex > Ce complex > Cu complex before or after the incorporations of the paint and ink.
Deep eutectic solvents on extraction of bisphenol A from water matrices: COnductor like Screening MOdel for Real Solvents prediction and experimental validation
Authors: Santhi Vivek Mariappan , Ramalingam Anantharaj , Parthasarathy Divya Lakshmi , Seshasayee Priyadarshini , Narasimhan Swaanika Lakshmi
Published: February 2021

Densities of pure distilled water, tetra butyl ammonium bromide glycerol{[TBAB][Gly]}, and different concentration of aqueous bisphenol A (aq. BPA) (i.e., 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm) were measured at different temperatures from 293.15–343.15 K. Further, densities of the pseudo binary mixtures of aq. BPA and {[TBAB][Gly]} over the entire mole fraction were measured at different temperatures from 293.15–343.15 K. From these measured density data, the solution thermodynamic properties of the pseudo binary mixtures of aq. BPA and {[TBAB][Gly]} were calculated, and the excess molar volume data were correlated using the Redlich–Kister polynomial equation. Furthermore, the σ‐profiles and σ‐potentials of all the studied species were generated and analyzied in terms of H‐bond donor and/or acceptor at atom and molecular levels. Finally, based on the results of aq. BPA with {[TBAB][Gly]}, tetra butyl ammonium bromide decanoic acid {[TBAB][DA]} and tetra butyl ammonium bromide oleic acid {[TBAB][OA]} based deep eutectic solvents were used for the removal of BPA from the aqueous stream at 298.15 K and 1 atm. This process was characterized in terms of distribution coefficient (D), extraction efficiency (η), and also thermodynamic feasibility of the process at different temperatures.
Effect of storage time on the characteristics of a waterborne polyurethane/tetraethoxysilane mixture and the properties of prepared films
Authors: Lee Yun‐Yun , Lee Ya‐Shiuan , Lee Wen‐Jau
Published: February 2021

Waterborne polyurethane (WPU) is one of the most important resins. The properties of WPU can be modified by introducing inorganic components. Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) is a precursor for preparing inorganic polymers and can be used to prepare WPU/silica hybrids. In this study, WPU dispersion was synthesized by reacting polytetramethylene ether glycol and dimethylolpropionic acid with isophorone diisocyanate, followed by chain extension with ethylenediamine. After mixing WPU with TEOS, the mixture was sealed and stored at room temperature for different lengths of times. The influence of time on the characteristics of the WPU/TEOS mixture and the properties of films were investigated. The results showed that the viscosity, surface tension and average particle size of the mixture increased with prolonged storage time. 29Si‐NMR analysis indicated that the structure of silica exists in the WPU film. DSC, DMA and TGA results showed that WPU/silica films made from the mixture have less thermal activity, higher storage modulus, lower damping peak heights and better heat resistance after relatively long storage times.
Synthetic scheme to increase the abrasion resistance of waterborne polyurethane–urea by controlling micro‐phase separation
Authors: Chen Shu‐Yi , Zhuang Ren‐Quan , Chuang Fu‐Sheng , Rwei Syang‐Peng
Published: February 2021

As an environmental‐friendly coating material in industry, waterborne polyurethane–urea (WPU) is still not comparable with solvent‐based polyurethane (SPU) in mechanical properties, due to the hydrophilic chain‐extender. Herein, a synthetic scheme to increase the abrasion resistance of WPU with ether diol, and conventional hydrophilic chain‐extender (DMBA, 2,2‐bis[hydroxymethyl]butanoic acid) is revealed. This study discuss the degree of micro‐phase separation (DPS) with toughness, elongation, abrasion resistance, and compared with the WPU contain various types of diol, such as esters, ether and carbonates, and the ether‐based SPU. From the results, the major factor that affect to the abrasion properties of WPU is DPS, which is highly depend on the chemical structure of diol, and hard segment content. WPU film achieve higher toughness with ether‐based diol with higher DPS, and better abrasion resistance than SPU. This study demonstrate a strategy for the composition designing, and the synthesis of high‐abrasion resistance WPU by controlling the micro‐phase separation, and content of DMBA without any inorganic fillers.
Surface modification of bamboo fibers by diammonium phosphate and their applications in flame retardant thermoplastic polyurethane
Authors: Wu Quan , Liu Yanxiang , Han Zhongqiang , Su Ming , Sun Jun , Zhang Sheng , Gu Xiaoyu , Li Hongfei
Published: February 2021

Bamboo fibers (BF) were used as charring agent in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), together with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to prepare intumescent flame retardant composites. In order to improve the dispersibility and flame retardant efficiency, BF was grafted with diammonium phosphate (DAP), named as modified bamboo fibers (M‐BF). By the presence of 8 wt% APP and 2 wt% M‐BF, the sample could achieve the maximal limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 30.5% and V‐0 rating in UL‐94 test. The peak heat release rate for TPU/8APP/2 M‐BF is 190 kW/m2, which is 86.0% lower than that of neat TPU. Besides, TPU/8APP/2 M‐BF sample presented a tensile strength of 23.0 MPa, which was slightly lower than neat TPU sample. The thermogravimetric analysis for TPU composites and the morphology observation of the char demonstrated that APP and M‐BF took effects on condensed phase through promoting the formation of intumescent char structure and free radical trapping. Meanwhile, it could release inert gases in gas phase. Therefore, M‐BF exhibited great potential in applying as renewable charring agent for alleviating the depletion of petroleum resources.
Improving proton conductivity and ionic selectivity of porous polyolefin membranes by chitosan deposition
Authors: Zefirov Vadim V. , Sizov Victor E. , Gulin Alexander A. , Gallyamov Marat O.
Published: February 2021

The paper presents a new method for modifying polyolefin membranes using chitosan deposition in order to apply them as a separator in the redox flow batteries with an aqueous electrolyte. Chitosan is deposited from an aqueous carbonic acid under high pressure of saturating carbon dioxide, which allows to increase the affinity of the composite membrane to aqueous electrolyte and, as a consequence, to increase the proton conductivity. In addition, the deposition of a chitosan film makes it possible to reduce the pore size, which means an increase in the ionic selectivity of the porous membrane. In the article, membranes modified with chitosan for different times were obtained. It was shown that as a result of the proposed treatment, the ionic selectivity of membranes increases from 0.2·107 ms·min/cm3 to 5·107 ms·min/cm3.
Detection of protection benefits for predatory fishes depends on census methodology
Authors: Rojo Irene , Irigoyen Alejo J. , Cuadros Amalia , Calò Antonio , Pereñíguez José M. , Hernández‐Andreu Ramón , Félix‐Hackradt Fabiana C. , Carreño Francisca , Hackradt Carlos W. , García‐Charton José A.
Published: February 2021

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are used as fisheries management and conservation tools. Well‐enforced no‐take zones allow the rebuilding of natural populations of exploited species; however, there is still controversy on the role of buffer zones.

The effectiveness of MPAs could be underestimated, as fish population assessments depend largely on traditional methodologies that have difficulties in detecting predatory fish because of their low abundances, their patchy distribution, and their reaction to the presence of divers.

The performance of different census methods was compared in assessing the protection benefits for large predatory fishes under different protection levels (i.e. no‐take and buffer zones) in five Mediterranean MPAs. Specifically, conventional strip transects (CSTs, 50 × 5 m2) and tracked roaming transects combined with distance sampling (TRT + DS, variable lengths) were compared, including a series of TRT‐derived estimators with variable transect lengths and fixed widths of 20, 10, and 6 m (TRT20, TRT10, and TRT6, respectively). Additionally, the effectiveness of the MPAs studied and protection levels for conserving large predatory species was evaluated.

Transects covering larger areas (i.e. TRT + DS and TRT20) allowed the detection of a greater number of species and yielded more accurate estimates of density and biomass than transects of narrower fixed widths, particularly the CSTs, which were associated with the lowest richness detection capability, accuracy, and precision. On average, both no‐take zones and buffer zones appeared effective for the conservation of predatory fishes, indicating that multiple protection areas were ecologically effective. Differences between MPAs were also observed, however, probably arising from both local environmental and management factors.

We suggest the implementation of methodologies with larger transects for the study of large predatory fish, combined with CSTs for the rest of the fish community, in order to avoid biases in predatory population assessments, which are key indicators of MPA effectiveness.
Comparison of the effects of different pretreatments on the structure and enzymatic hydrolysis of Miscanthus
Authors: Dai Yongyong , Hu Bing , Yang Qiaomei , Nie Longhui , Sun Dan
Published: February 2021

Miscanthus is regarded as a desired bioenergy crop with enormous lignocellulose residues for biofuels and other chemical products. In this study, the effect of different pretreatments (including microwave, NaOH, CaO, and microwave + NaOH/CaO) on sugar yields was investigated, leading to largely varied hexose yields at 4.0–73.4% (% cellulose) released from enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated Miscanthus residues. Among them, the highest yield of 73.4% for hexoses was obtained from 12% NaOH (w/v) solution pretreatment, whereas 1% CaO (w/w) and microwave pretreatment resulted in a lower hexose yield than the control (without pretreatment). The sugar yield from microwave followed with 1% NaOH pretreatment was 4.3 times higher than that of microwave followed with 1% CaO. However, the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiencies of the sample were 15.2% and 58.5% under microwave pretreatment followed by 12% NaOH or 12.5% CaO, respectively, which were lower than those of the same concentration of alkali (NaOH and CaO) pretreatments. To investigate the mechanism of varied enzymatic saccharification under different pretreatments, the changes in the surface structure and porosity of the Miscanthus‐pretreated lignocelluses were studied by means of Fourier transform infrared, Congo red staining, and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The results show that the different pretreatments destroy the cell wall cladding structure and reduce the bonding force between cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin to different degrees, therefore increasing the accessibility of cellulose and enhancing cellulose digestion.
Readability, understandability, and quality of retinopathy of prematurity information on the web
Authors: Yılmaz Fatma Hilal , Tutar Mahmut Sami , Arslan Derya , Çeri Ayhan
Published: February 2021

Background

The purpose of this study is to assess the readability, understandability, and quality of information on retinopathy of prematurity presented at websites frequently visited by parents.

Methods

A total of 220 websites were assessed, which were recruited by searching for “retinopathy of prematurity” at the Google search engine. The readability of each web page was assessed by Flesch Reading Ease Score, Gobbledygook's Gunning Frequency, Flesch Kincaid Grade Level, Coleman Liau score, The Simple Measure of Gobbledygook, Fry Graph Readability Formula, and Automated readability score. The understandability of the web pages included in the study was measured by using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool. Quality was evaluated using Health in Net code and JAMA. The ALEXA traffic tool was used to reference the domains' popularity and visibility.

Results

Sixty‐four websites were included to the study. The average Flesch Reading Ease Score was 50.1 ± 11.4, Gunning Frequency of Gobbledygook level was 13.4 ± 2.5, The Flesch–Kincaid Grade level was 10.7 ± 2.2, Coleman Liau level was 10.8 ± 1.7, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook level was 10.0 ± 1.9, and Fry Graph Readability Formula 11.9 ± 2.7, Automated readability score 10.4 ± 2.5. The average understandability score for all website‐based patient education materials was 76.9 ± 15.2. Total JAMA Benchmark score is 2.27 ± 1.14 (range from 1 to 4). The quality of information at most websites were determined by our chosen assessments to not to be good.

Conclusion

Websites addressed to parents for retinopathy of prematurity had found to have high understandability. It was concluded based on this study that readability and quality of presented written materials at online sources need to be improved.
Optically stimulated luminescence decay and dosimetric properties of cerium‐doped potassium sulfate phosphor
Authors: Majgier Renata , Tsvirko Mikhail , Mandowski Arkadiusz
Published: February 2021

Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) is used for dating in archaeology and geology, and in dosimetry of ionizing radiation. Some crystalline wide band‐gap insulators may be used as OSL radiation detectors. Recently it was found that cerium‐doped potassium sulfate crystals have promising luminescence properties. This paper presents some OSL properties of K2SO4:Ce crystals that were prepared in the form of pellets. The crystals exhibited a strong luminescence signal, good measurement repeatability, and high sensitivity for ionizing radiation. Best results were obtained after annealing at 1000°C. Dose‐dependence characteristics were determined in the range 10 mGy to 11.2 Gy. OSL decay curves consisted of several components. Fast and slow OSL components of the phosphor had different properties. The slow component was quite stable and obeyed power law dependence. It decayed in the 55 days after irradiation. Its luminescence properties depended on sample preparation and the storage time after irradiation.
Melting transition of oriented Li‐DNA fibers submerged in ethanol solutions
Authors: González Adrián , Wildes Andrew R. , Mossou Estelle , Cristiglio Viviana , Moiroux Gaël , Garden Jean‐Luc , Cuesta‐López Santiago , Theodorakopoulos Nikos , Peyrard Michel
Published: February 2021

The melting transition of Li‐DNA fibers immersed in ethanol‐water solutions has been studied using calorimetry and neutron diffraction techniques. The data have been analyzed using the Peyrard‐Bishop‐Dauxois model to determine the strengths of the intra‐ and inter‐base pair potentials. The data and analysis show that the potentials are weaker than those for DNA in water. They become weaker still and the DNA less stable as the ethanol concentration increases but, conversely, the fibers become more compact and the distances between base pairs become more regular. The results show that the melting transition is relatively insensitive to local confinement and depends more on the interaction between the DNA and its aqueous environment.
LC–MS/MS assay for the determination of tat‐K13, a novel interfering peptide for the treatment of ischemic stroke, in human plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetics study
Authors: Wang Zhenlei , Jia Shiling , Zhang Quan , Wang Yongsheng , Huang Biao , Zheng Li
Published: February 2021

A sensitive and robust method has been developed using an ultra‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) assay to quantify Tat‐K13, a novel interfering peptide for the treatment of ischemic stroke, in human plasma. Automated solid‐phase extraction on a Waters Oasis WCX (30 μm, 10 mg) 96‐well plate was used to extract Tat‐K13 from human plasma and the extracts were separated on a Waters Acquity CSH column (2.1 × 50 mm i.d., 1.7 μm) with a gradient elution method by mobile phase A (nonafluoropentanoic acid–acetic acid–water, 1:2:1000, v/v/v) and B (nonafluoropentanoic acid–acetic acid–water–acetonitrile, 1:2:100:900, v/v/v/v). The method was fully validated following international bioanalytical guidelines and showed good linearity from 2.10 to 1,050 ng/ml. The method was successfully applied to investigate the clinical pharmacokinetics of Tat‐K13 in health volunteers. Rapid elimination of Tat‐K13 from the body was observed, with half‐life ranging from 0.26 to 0.78 h across different dose levels. The exposure of Tat‐K13 was approximately dose‐dependent in terms of the area under the concentration–time curve and peak concentration
Sex differences in adult social, cognitive, and affective behavioral deficits following neonatal phlebotomy‐induced anemia in mice
Authors: Matveeva Tatyana M. , Singh Garima , Gisslen Tate A. , Gewirtz Jonathan C. , Georgieff Michael K.
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Anemia is common in prematurely born infants due to blood loss resulting from frequent phlebotomies and may contribute to their neurobehavioral deficits. Preclinical models of phlebotomy‐induced anemia (PIA) have revealed metabolic and genomic changes in multiple brain structures of young mice, yet the impact of neonatal PIA on early‐life and adult behavior has not been assessed.

Methods

The present study employed a range of behavioral measures in phlebotomized anemic neonatal mice to investigate short‐ and long‐term neurodevelopmental effects. PIA from postnatal (P) days 3 to 14 caused sex‐specific changes in social behavior, novelty preference, and anxiety at P17 that persisted into adulthood.

Results

Our preclinical model suggests that PIA may contribute to acute and long‐term behavioral and affective deficits and warrants further substantiation of the observed behavioral phenomena in larger samples.

Conclusions

We conclude that this model is a useful tool for beginning to better understand the lasting effect that early‐life PIA might have on the developing brain. The differential impact of PIA on male and female subjects warrants further exploration for the development of appropriately targeted interventions.
Green aviation industry sustainable development towards an integrated support system
Authors: Qiu Rui , Hou Shuhua , Chen Xin , Meng Zhiyi
Published: February 2021

Sustainable development is becoming increasingly crucial for the green aviation industry. To promote the sustainable development of the green aviation industry, researchers all over the world have attempted to explore and experiment with new initiatives. This study investigates green aviation industry development trends by a bibliometric‐based data analysis system. Cluster, timezone, and timeline visualizations are employed to identify the current development trends of the green aviation industry within three topics: noise, environmental impacts, and green image. In response to environmental challenges, an integrated green aviation industry support system that involves stakeholder engagement should be established, including business strategies, innovative technologies, environmental policies, and public support. In this study, the innovation and sustainability potential of the green aviation industry is evaluated. Then, the roles of strategy improvement, technology integration, policy support, and public participation in forming the integrated support system are examined. The outline of this system may prove helpful for the sustainable development of the green aviation industry.
Improve ADA and 504 for higher ed community
Authors: Charmatz Marc
Published: February 2021

The Americans with Disabilities Act was enacted in 1990, and U.S. Department of Justice regulations went into effect in 1992. Since then, there has been one substantive amendment to the statute, the Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments of 2008 and a few new DOJ regulations. The Rehabilitation Act is even older, having been enacted in 1973. Section 504 regulations were initially promulgated in 1977. Most amendments to the Rehabilitation Act date back to the 1980s. So now might be the time to look at the ADA and the Rehabilitation Act to determine what amendments, if any, would help ensure students and employees with disabilities have meaningful access to postsecondary educational institutions.
Did appeals court dismiss coach's retaliation claim?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: February 2021

The plaintiff was a Barton County Community College women's softball coach. The athletics director took issue with the plaintiff's alleged negative attitude, his failure to maintain softball facilities, and his inability to manage his budget. However, the athletics director didn't formally discipline the plaintiff for these issues.
Black Athlete Sister Circle provides support, mentorship
Authors: Elfman Lois
Published: February 2021

When Tomika L. Ferguson was a Division I student‐athlete at the University of Virginia, she craved sisterhood. As she pursued her Ph.D. in higher education at Indiana University, she centered her research on Black female student‐athletes and created the Black Athlete Sister Circle.
Decoding the chain of effects of family firm image on consumer behaviour
Authors: Köhr Christopher Karl , Corsi Armando Maria , Capitello Roberta , Malorgio Giulio
Published: February 2021

While there has been plenty of research around family firm governance and management, less is known about the way in which family firm image is perceived by consumers. This research aims at filling the gap by investigating the chained links between family firm status and image, and the key brand elements identified by extant literature. The hypotheses are tested through an application to the wine industry with a sample of over 1,500 wine drinkers residing in Australia, Italy, and the United States. The results reveal several linkages between the distinctive family nature of a business and the loyalty of consumers. All brand knowledge constructs are positively affected by family firm image, and influence brand trust and satisfaction. Individual path coefficients highlight differences between countries. Evidence regarding the cultural interdependencies provides guidance for policy makers. Practitioners can consider this research when defining the relationship with consumers of family firms.
Plants of the ‘Libellus de Medicinalibus Indorum Herbis’ from Mexico, 1552. Zephyranthes fosteri (Amaryllidaceae) Alkaloids
Authors: Centeno‐Betanzos Lucia Y. , Reyes‐Chilpa Ricardo , Pigni Natalia B. , Jankowski Christopher K. , Torras‐Claveria Laura , Bastida Jaume
Published: February 2021

The Libellus de Medicinalibus Indorum Herbis (Booklet of Indian Medicinal Plants) is the first book of medicinal plants written in the American continent. It was first published in 1939 as ‘An Aztec Herbal’. One of the depicted plants is Huetzcanixochitl (laughing flower) interpreted as Zephyranthes fosteri (Amaryllidaceae). No chemical or pharmacological studies are reported for this species; so, we decide to investigate it. The GC/MS of the bulbs and aerial parts extracts indicated that they contain Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, among them: lycorine, 3‐O‐acetylpowelline, and norlycoramine. An unknown major alkaloid was isolated and identified by 1H, 13C‐NMR and MS, as 3′‐demethoxy‐6‐epimesembranol (1). The methanolic extract, the alkaloid fraction, and compound 1 inhibited acetylcholinesterase in vitro. Mesembrine alkaloids are found in Sceletium species (Aizoaceae). Several are known as serotonin recapture inhibitors and have been proposed as potential antidepressant drugs. The presence of 1 suggests that Z. fosteri was probably used in pre‐Columbian times in Mexico as a ‘stimulant and euphoriant’, alike Sceletium tortuosum by several ethnic groups in South Africa.
GC/MS Profiling,In VitroandIn SilicoPharmacological Screening and Principal Component Analysis of Essential Oils from Three Exotic and Two Endemic Plants from Mauritius
Authors: Sharmeen Jugreet Bibi , Kouadio Ibrahime Sinan , Zengin Gokhan , Abdallah Hassan H. , Fawzi Mahomoodally Mohamad
Published: February 2021

The chemical and pharmacological profiles of essential oils (EOs) hydrodistilled in yields of 0.03–0.77 % (w/w) from three exotic (Cinnamomum camphora,Petroselinum crispum, andSyzygium samarangense) and two endemic (Pittosporum senaciasubsp.senaciaandSyzygium coriaceum) medicinal plants were studied. GC‐MS/GC‐FID analysis of the EOs identified the most dominant components to be myristicin (40.3 %), myrcene (62.2 %), 1,8‐cineole (54.0 %), β‐pinene (21.3 %) and (E)‐β‐ocimene (24.4 %) inP. crispum,P. senaciaandC. camphora,S. samarangenseandS. coriaceumEOs, respectively. All EOs were found to possess anti‐amylase (0.70–1.50 mM ACAE/g EO) and anti‐tyrosinase (109.35–158.23 mg KAE/g) properties, whereas no glucosidase inhibition was displayed. OnlySyzygiumEOs acted as dual inhibitors of both acetyl‐ and butyryl‐cholinesterases, whileP. senaciaandC. camphoraEOs inhibited acetylcholinesterase selectively andP. crispumEO was inactive (AChE: 4.64–4.96 mg GALAE/g; BChE: 5.96 and 7.10 mg GALAE/g). Molecular docking revealed 1,8‐cineole to present the best binding affinities with butyrylcholinesterase, amylase and tyrosinase, while both myristicin and β‐pinene with acetylcholinesterase and finally β‐pinene with glucosidase.In vitroantioxidant potency was also demonstrated in different assays (DPPH: 13.52–53.91 mg TE/g, ABTS: 5.49–75.62 mg TE/g; CUPRAC: 45.38–243.21 mg TE/g, FRAP: 42.49–110.64 mg TE/g; and phosphomolybdenum assay: 82.61–160.93 mM TE/g). Principal component analysis revealed the EOs to differ greatly in their bioactivities due to their chemodiversity. This study has unveiled some interesting preliminary pharmacological profiles of the EOs that could be explored for their potential applications as phytotherapeutics.
TAVR for aortic regurgitation: Not as straightforward!
Authors: Khera Sahil , Dangas George
Published: February 2021

Key Points

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement using the current commercially available devices in the United States for aortic regurgitation is considered off label use.

Pure aortic regurgitation is different from aortic stenosis due to associated aortic annular dilation/aortopathy and relative lack of calcium on the leaflets and annulus.

Patients with pure aortic regurgitation undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement using commercially available valve platforms are more likely to have unfavorable outcomes than the typical aortic stenosis patients.

The evolving valve platforms, inclusive of active leaflet fixation may be ultimately more suited for transcatheter management of pure aortic regurgitation; clinical investigation is ongoing.
Fear the tear
Authors: Foerst Jason , Eng Marvin H.
Published: February 2021

Key Points

Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) are rare amongst the transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) population.

Complications associated with the TAA occur seldomly.

When complications do occur related to TAA, they are associated with a >20% mortality.
Pushing covered stents to the limit
Authors: Postalian Alexander , Krajcer Zvonimir
Published: February 2021

Key Points

Covered stents are used in a plethora of clinical scenarios. However, available sizes of approved covered stents are limited, especially for pediatric patients.

This ex vivo study attempted to find the limits of expansion of small‐diameter covered stents used for peripheral vascular intervention.

The authors suggest that the studied stents can probably be dilated safely well beyond their labeled diameters, with some variability among stent models.

Studies such as this one are welcome, as they provide reassurance to vascular interventionalists and help us find solutions for our patients.
Asymptomatic patients with severe hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: New perspectives on early percutaneous treatment
Authors: Musumeci Giuseppe , Colopi Marzia
Published: February 2021

Key Points

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common genetic cardiac disease.

Reverse cardiac remodeling after alcohol septal ablation has been reported in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who are symptomatic despite medical therapy.

No data exist on early percutaneous therapy to reverse adverse remodeling and improve prognosis in asymptomatic patients with severe left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.
Use of MitraClip for mitral valve repair in patients with acute mitral regurgitation following acute myocardial infarction: Effect of cardiogenic shock on outcomes (IREMMI Registry)
Authors: Estévez‐Loureiro Rodrigo , Shuvy Mony , Taramasso Maurizio , Benito‐Gonzalez Tomas , Denti Paolo , Arzamendi Dabit , Adamo Marianna , Freixa Xavier , Villablanca Pedro , Krivoshei Lian , Fam Neil , Spargias Konstantinos , Czarnecki Andrew , Haberman Dan , Agmon Yoram , Sudarsky Doron , Pascual Isaac , Ninios Vlasis , Scianna Salvatore , Moaraf Igal , Schiavi Davide , Chrissoheris Michael , Beeri Ronen , Kerner Arthur , Fernández‐Peregrina Estefanía , Di Pasquale Mattia , Regueiro Ander , Poles Lion , Iñiguez‐Romo Andres , Fernández‐Vázquez Felipe , Maisano Francesco
Published: February 2021

Objectives

To assess outcomes in patients with acute mitral regurgitation (MR) following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who received percutaneous mitral valve repair (PMVR) with the MitraClip device and to compare outcomes of patients who developed cardiogenic shock (CS) to those who did not (non‐CS).

Background

Acute MR after AMI may lead to CS and is associated with high mortality.

Methods

This registry analyzed patients with MR after AMI who were treated with MitraClip at 18 centers within eight countries between January 2016 and February 2020. Patients were stratified into CS and non‐CS groups. Primary outcomes were mortality and rehospitalization due to heart failure. Secondary outcomes were acute procedural success, functional improvement, and MR reduction. Multivariable Cox regression analysis evaluated association of CS with clinical outcomes.

Results

Among 93 patients analyzed (age 70.3 ± 10.2 years), 50 patients (53.8%) experienced CS before PMVR. Mortality at 30 days (10% CS vs. 2.3% non‐CS; p = .212) did not differ between groups. After median follow‐up of 7 months (IQR 2.5–17 months), the combined event mortality/re‐hospitalization was similar (28% CS vs. 25.6% non‐CS; p = .793). Likewise, immediate procedural success (90% CS vs. 93% non‐CS; p = .793) and need for reintervention (CS 6% vs. non‐CS 2.3%, p = .621) or re‐admission due to HF (CS 13% vs. NCS 23%, p = .253) at 3 months did not differ. CS was not independently associated with the combined end‐point (hazard ratio 1.1; 95% CI, 0.3–4.6; p = .889).

Conclusions

Patients found to have significant MR during their index hospitalization for AMI had similar clinical outcomes with PMVR whether they presented in or out of cardiogenic shock, provided initial hemodynamic stabilization was first achieved before PMVR.
Long‐term clinical, angiographic, and optical coherence tomography findings of Mg‐based bioresorbable scaffold in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Barrios Alejandro , Gheorghe Livia Luciana , Camacho Freire Santiago , Silva Etel , Gómez Menchero Antonio , Francisco Jose Morales Ponce , Cañadas Pruaño Dolores , Martínez Capoccioni Uriel , Gomez Lara Josep , Bretones Del Pino Teresa , Calle Perez German
Published: February 2021

Background

This study sought to evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients treated with magnesium‐based bioresorbable scaffolds (MgBRS) in the context of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) at long‐term follow‐up (24 months). The study also aims to investigate the MgBRS performance by angiography and the healing and bioresorption pattern by optical coherence tomography (OCT) at 18 months.

Methods

Between December 2016 and December 2018, a total of 90 patients admitted for ACS and treated with MgBRS (Magmaris, Biotronik AG, Bülach, Switzerland) were enrolled in a multicenter prospective study. Clinical follow‐up was performed in all patients at 24 months and angiographic and OCT follow‐up in 51.5% of patients at 18 months. Serial OCT was available in 33 patients (36.7%).

Results

At a 2‐year follow‐up, 88.8% were free of symptoms, no cardiac death was reported, and the device‐oriented composite event (DOCE): consisting of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization (TLR) was 13.3%. Stent thrombosis and TLR were observed in 2.2 and 11.1%, respectively. Binary restenosis was observed in 21.7% of cases and in‐stent late lumen loss was 0.61 ± 0.75 mm. By serial OCT imaging, the minimal lumen area was significantly reduced greater than 40% (from 6.12 ± 1.59 to 3.5 ± 1.55 mm2, p < .001). At follow‐up, area stenosis was 44.33 ± 23.07% and half of the patients presented indiscernible struts. The principal observed mechanism of restenosis was scaffold collapse.

Conclusions

At long‐term follow‐up, MgBRS implantation in ACS patients showed a high rate of DOCE, mainly caused by clinically driven TLR. MgBRS restenosis was caused by scaffold collapse in most of the cases.