bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elevating Recycling Standards: Global Requirements for Plastic Traceability and Quality Testing
Authors: Gazeau Benjamin , Minunno Roberto , Zaman Atiq , Shaikh Faiz
Published: June 2024

Globally, we produced 489 million tonnes of plastic in 2023 and we recycled only 8.17%. This study navigates the landscape of recycling practices, highlighting the imperative to reevaluate and upgrade industry-standard protocols. The central focus of this study is on integrating more robust traceability criteria and advanced quality testing methodologies to improve recycled plastics with intrinsic value, particularly in anticipation of future market applications. The investigation examines the prevailing industry standard traceability and quality framework. It then assesses the applicability of those standards using technical datasheets for recycled high-density polyethylene resin grades. This study proposes a paradigm shift toward a more sophisticated analytical approach. This comprehensive framework aims to transcend traditional quality and traceability evaluation. This paper employs a mixed methodological approach, including a thematic analysis of relevant industry standard regulations and an in-depth literature review, to address the need for an operational framework for recycling quality. This study highlights that recycling quality depends on technical attributes determining functionality and application suitability. While some properties are measured, the conventional framework does not address the degradation level of recycled plastic. This study concludes with broader considerations, emphasising the need for a traceability model to disclose material history and composition. This study advocates an industry-wide upgrade in recycling standards, prioritising traceability and quality testing. The proposed enhancements in testing grids and the improved understanding of recycling quality collectively contribute to a holistic framework, unlocking the intrinsic value of recycled plastics for future market applications.
Risks of Ecosystems’ Degradation: Portuguese Healthcare Professionals’ Mental Health, Hope and Resilient Coping
Authors: Meneses Rute F. , Barros Carla , Sousa Helder , Sani Ana Isabel
Published: June 2024

Healthcare professionals constantly face situations that reflect ecosystems’ degradation. These can negatively affect their mental health. Research suggests that hope and resilience can play an important role in this scenario, since they are related to/predict mental health in highly heterogeneous samples (considering geography, age, profession, health, etc.). In this context, the aims of the present study are the following: to characterize and explore the relationship between hope, resilient coping and mental health in Portuguese healthcare professionals. Using Google Forms, 276 healthcare professionals answered the GHQ-28, the (adult) Trait Hope Scale, and the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (retrospective, analytical observational, cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational research design). The minimum and maximum possible scores were reached, with the exception of the maximum score of GHQ-28-Total. Regarding Hope, 19.6% scored below the midpoint (M = 43.46, SD = 11.97); 29.3% revealed low resilience (M = 14.93, SD = 4.05); and the average of four of the five Mental Health scores (exception: Severe depression) indicates the probability of a psychiatric case. Hope correlated with Social dysfunction and GHQ-28-Total; resilient coping proved to be a (weak) predictor of four of the five GHQ-28 indicators (exception: Severe depression). The results support the need to promote the sample’s mental health, hope and resilient coping. They also suggest that stimulating resilient coping may contribute to improving healthcare professionals’ mental health. Prior research (e.g., on therapies to enhance hope, resilience and, thus, mental health), to which the current study contributes, supports optimism towards the necessary internal sustainability transition.
Sustainable Consumption and Environmental Change in Taiwan: Understanding Consumer Perceptions and Narratives of Practice
Authors: Lin Yi-Chieh
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the perceptions and behaviors related to sustainable food consumption among various demographic groups in northern Taiwan, focusing on the metropolitan areas of Taipei City and New Taipei City. The narratives of Taiwanese people practicing sustainable eating were analyzed by applying practice theory. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 participants from diverse demographic backgrounds (e.g., university students, homemakers, professionals, and retirees). Their educational backgrounds and work experience were recorded. The research highlights the effects of urbanization on the food choices of consumers, highlighting challenges such as high costs, time constraints, and limited access to kitchen facilities among university students. High-income professionals and retirees exhibited a preference for organic and locally sourced foods, whereas middle-aged homemakers emphasized seasonality and support for small farmers. The crucial roles of information sources (e.g., online media and television) and various cultural factors (e.g., religious beliefs) in influencing sustainable food behaviors were also identified. Despite its regional focus, this study provides valuable insights and recommendations for policymakers that can support sustainable food consumption.
Research on Price Formation Based on Resource Optimization Allocation
Authors: Feng Yan , Liu Shulin
Published: June 2024

Global economic growth has weakened under the guidance of equilibrium price theory, which focuses on price competition. Therefore, developing a price formation mechanism that aligns with sustainable economic development is imperative. Based on a scientific definition of the boundaries of the constituent factors of wealth creation, this paper proposes a price formation mechanism centered on resource optimization allocation and constructs a price measurement model using the Leontief input–output analysis method. To test the price formation mechanism, this paper uses panel data from 31 provinces in China from 2003 to 2020 to overcome the limitations of single-year data, and the 2020 input–output table of China to calculate the product prices for 153 sectors (covering the entire industrial system) at the average social production level in 2020. These estimated prices are then compared with the approximate market prices of 72 sector products for the same year. The research shows that the following: (1) The price is determined by the techno-economic relationships among the labor, land, technology, and capital that constitute a commodity. It can objectively and fairly reflect the value information of the factors and the quantity of factors embedded in the commodity. (2) The balance and degree of deviation between the price measured by the techno-economic relationships among a commodity’s constituent factors and the market price of the sector’s products depend on effective market competition centered on commodity quality. Price, through the market’s effective competition mechanism, will incentivize and guide resources towards enhancing labor skills, technological upgrades, and the development of new technologies, products, and markets, thereby achieving sustainable economic growth.
Optimized the Microgrid Scheduling with Ice-Storage Air-Conditioning for New Energy Consumption
Authors: Xiao Yiping , Li Jiaxuan , Gong Xiyao , He Jun
Published: June 2024

In the face of the stochastic, fluctuating, and intermittent nature of the new energy output, which brings significant challenges to the safe and stable operation of the power system, it is proposed to use the ice-storage air-conditioning to participate in the microgrid optimal scheduling to improve wind and light dissipation. This paper constructs an optimal scheduling model for the ice-storage air-conditioning to participate in the microgrid, analyzes the regulation advantages of the ice-storage air-conditioning’s cold storage and cold release process and its participation in the scheduling process; secondly, based on the scenario method, the scenario modeling of the microgrid distributed wind and light output uncertainty and cold load uncertainty is carried out; lastly, an optimal scheduling model is constructed to minimize the operation and maintenance cost of each unit and the storage cost of the ice-storage air-conditioning, the highest rate of clean energy generation and the lowest cost of electricity consumption of the air-conditioning users as the objective function. The example simulations show that the proposed optimal scheduling model can promote the new energy consumption rate of the microgrid, proving that the ice-storage air-conditioning is more economical compared with ordinary air-conditioning and that the operating cost within the optimized microgrid is reduced by about 10.5%. The cost of the air-conditioning users’ electricity consumption has been reduced by about 11.7% after responding to the regulation.
Response of Stand Spatial Structure to Nitrogen Addition in Deciduous Broad-Leaved Forest in Jigong Mountain
Authors: Hong Liang , Duan Guangshuang , Fu Shenglei , Fu Liyong , Ma Lei , Li Xiaowei , Fu Juemin
Published: June 2024

Significant influences on tree growth and forest functionality are attributed to nitrogen (N) addition. However, limited research has been conducted on the effects of N addition on forest spatial structure. In this study, we examined the effects of different N addition methods and concentrations on the stand spatial structure of a deciduous broad-leaved forest over the period 2012 to 2017. Five N addition treatments were implemented: CK (control group without N addition), CN25 (low N concentration added to the canopy), CN50 (high N concentration added to the canopy), UN25 (low N concentration added to the understory), and UN50 (high N concentration added to the understory). The results showed a moderate influence of N addition (CN25, CN50, UN25, UN50) on optimizing the stand spatial structure. CN25, CN50, and UN25 increased the mean values of the mingling degree (M) and neighborhood comparison (U), while decreasing the mean value of the uniform angle index (W), although these effects were not significant. Enhancements in the average value of the crowding degree (C) and comprehensive spatial structure index (CSSI) between 2012 and 2017 were found in all five treatments, demonstrating statistical significance. Assessing the distribution of the stand spatial structure index, CN25, CN50, and UN25 increased the proportion of M at an intensity (M = 0.75) and extreme intensity (M = 1), while decreasing the proportion at zero intensity (M = 0), weak intensity (M = 0.25), and moderate intensity (M = 0.5). A decrease in the proportion of trees was noted when U = 0 (excluding UN50), with no discernible pattern found in the frequency distribution of other values. CN50 and UN25 increased the proportion of W at a moderate level (W = 0.5), while CN25 and UN50 reduced it. No clear pattern was detected in the frequency distributions of other values. All five treatments increased the proportion of C at the maximum level (C = 1), while decreasing the proportions at levels of 0, 0.25, and 0.5 in 2017. Intriguingly, nitrogen addition treatments appeared to optimize the stand spatial structure to some extent and stimulated the growth of trees with larger diameters. Nevertheless, the short duration of the data collection period, spanning only five years, may have influenced the significance of the outcomes, underlining the requirement for extended studies. Conclusively, N deposition adjusted and enhanced the stand spatial structure to various degrees within the research region, providing valuable insights for further optimization of forest management.
Study on the Long-Term Durability and Leaching Characteristics of Low-Consumption Cement Backfill under Different Environmental Conditions
Authors: Wang Jinxing , Xing Menghang , Yang Xiaolin , Jiao Huazhe , Yang Liuhua , Yang Tongyi , Wang Chunlai , Liu Xiaohui
Published: June 2024

The high consumption and high cost of cement are the bottleneck problems that limit the development of cemented tailings backfilling technology. The low-consumption cement backfill is immersed in a weak acid/alkaline groundwater environment for a long time. Reducing the consumption of cement can easily lead to problems such as a sudden decrease in strength and the leakage of heavy metals. Through the monolithic leaching test in static and uniaxial compressive tests, the heavy metals’ leaching concentration and the compressive strength of low-consumption cement backfills in different pH soaking solutions were measured at different soaking times. Results show that a lower cement concentration will result in a lower CTB compressive strength and a higher rate of heavy metal leaching. Long-term exposure to an acidic/alkaline environment will lead to the instability and destruction of the CTB structure. A microscopic examination reveals that the creation of hydration products can improve the structure’s compactness while also lowering the internal porosity of CTB but can also solidify heavy metal ions in various ways. A first-order reaction/diffusion model (FRDM) can better evaluate the leaching behavior of CTB. This study helps to improve backfilling technology, thereby contributing to the creation of sustainable mining geotechnologies.
Governance Strategies for Sustainable Circular Bioeconomy Development in Europe: Insights and Typologies
Authors: Skondras Alexandros , Nastis Stefanos A. , Skalidi Ifigeneia , Theofilou Asterios , Bakousi Aikaterini , Mone Thomas , Tsifodimou Zoi Eirini , Gaffey James , Ludgate Robert , O’Connor Tracey , Grozdanic Dragica , O’Dwyer Breda , Pappa Eleni , Pantazi Kallitsa , Stylianidis Efstratios
Published: June 2024

This study examines governance strategies that facilitate sustainable regional circular bioeconomy development, culminating in a typology which enables the classification of regional government good practices supporting circular bioeconomy deployment in diverse regions within Europe. Data on regional circular bioeconomy governance models were collected through desk research and a survey, resulting in a compilation of 61 circular bioeconomy governance models. From this compilation, 20 case studies were identified and further explored to develop a typology of regional circular bioeconomy governance strategies in the EU-27. Findings reveal a strong regional commitment to expanding bioeconomies; however, managing conflicting sustainability goals remains a challenge. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of successful governance models and practices, offering valuable insights for policymakers to support the co-development and replication of effective circular bioeconomy strategies across diverse European regions.
Black Sea Eutrophication Comparative Analysis of Intensity between Coastal and Offshore Waters
Authors: Lazar Luminita , Vlas Oana , Pantea Elena , Boicenco Laura , Marin Oana , Abaza Valeria , Filimon Adrian , Bisinicu Elena
Published: June 2024

Eutrophication, driven by excessive nutrient enrichment from sources like agricultural runoff, industrial discharge, and urbanisation, has severely impacted the Black Sea since the 1980s. This study aimed to assess eutrophication dynamics in the Romanian Exclusive Economic Zone from 2020 to 2022 using the Black Sea Eutrophication Assessment Tool (BEAST), an integrated approach to the causes and effects of eutrophication. Data were collected from 68 stations during five oceanographic expeditions, analysing 617 water samples for nutrients, chlorophyll a, zooplankton species Noctiluca scintillans, and dissolved oxygen. Additionally, 179 zoobenthic and 251 phytobenthic community samples were collected. The results indicate that coastal waters exhibit higher nutrient levels and algal blooms compared to offshore waters, necessitating significant reductions in nutrient concentrations to achieve good environmental status. In transitional waters, within the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, a 55% reduction in inorganic phosphorus and a 43% reduction in inorganic nitrogen concentrations are required, while coastal waters need reductions of 38% and 37%, respectively. The study highlights the need for improved wastewater treatment, stricter agricultural runoff controls, and continuous monitoring. Effective ecosystem-based management strategies, integrated coastal zone management, and international cooperation are essential to mitigate eutrophication and promote the long-term health of the Black Sea ecosystem.
Reliability and Unreliability Aspects of Travel Time Analysis on the Stochastic Network Using the Target-Oriented Perspective
Authors: Chen Gonghang , Cao Jifeng , Ji Xiangfeng
Published: June 2024

This study proposes a target-oriented method to study travelers’ route choice behavior under travel time variability, and discusses the resulted equilibrium flow patterns. Both travel time reliability and travel time unreliability are considered in this new method, and accordingly, there are two targets. The first one is target for travel time to ensure travel time reliability, and based on this target, another one is target for excess delay to mitigate travel time unreliability. In this model, travel time and excess delay (i.e., the random vector) are stochastically correlated with each other, which is modeled with the copula function based on Sklar’s Theorem, and the exact form of the copula is obtained by the proved comonotonicity relationship of this random vector. The target interaction, i.e., the complementarity relationship, is also modeled based on the utility functions, the meaning of which is that travelers have the will to make more targets achieved so as to obtain more utility. Furthermore, with this model, this paper formulates the user equilibrium as a variational inequality problem to study the long-term effect of the route choice behavior, and solves it with the method of successive average. Finally, numerical testings on the traffic network are conducted to show the convergence of the solution algorithm, and to illustrate the impact of targets on the equilibrium results. Results show that the flow change can be five times more than that with less risk-averse travelers.
Evaluating the Effects of the ‘Pilot Zone’ Policy on China’s Agricultural Green Development
Authors: Yao Lanlan , Si Wenxuan , Si Ruirui
Published: June 2024

Green agriculture is a new sustainable agricultural development model that coordinates agricultural development with the environment which has been vigorously promoted in China in recent years. With the support of national policies, China has set up 130 pilot zones for green agricultural development. Taking these pilot zones as quasi-natural experimental areas, the difference-in-differences (DID) method and agricultural green total factor productivity are used to evaluate the effect of the policy in the pilot zones. The findings indicate that the pilot zones notably diminish non-point source agricultural pollution without affecting agricultural added value and improve agricultural green total factor productivity by improving technical efficiency. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the effectiveness of this policy varies regionally. The eastern region of China, the main agricultural producing areas, and the regions with higher initial environmental pollution levels and abundant educational resources experience more pronounced benefits. Based on the regional characteristics of different regions, this study considers the factors such as agricultural resource endowment and development basis and explores how the policy effects of agricultural green development in different regions, which has certain guiding significance for the continuous improvement in China’s agricultural green development policies.
From Waste to Renewables: Challenges and Opportunities in Recycling Glass Fibre Composite Products from Wind Turbine Blades for Sustainable Cement Production
Authors: Bulińska Sandra , Sujak Agnieszka , Pyzalski Michał
Published: June 2024

The progress of civilization, driven significantly by the widespread adoption of electricity, has impacted various aspects of life, from household operations to industrial activities. Consequently, there has been a notable increase in waste production across different sectors of the economy. Among used materials, composite products reinforced with glass fibres stand out due to their prevalent use in numerous industries. While offering strength and durability, they pose disposal challenges due to their complex composition, making recycling difficult and contributing to waste accumulation in landfills or to environmental contamination. Industrialised nations wrestle with balancing economic growth and environmental sustainability, aiming to reduce the ecological footprint of industrial activities. Efforts to promote recycling, develop alternative materials, and improve waste management practices are crucial for mitigating the environmental impact of civilisation’s progress. This article presents methods of disposing of post-operation wind turbine blades, focusing on recycling glass and glass fibre as secondary raw materials. We discuss technological, normative, and economic challenges and emphasise the need for ongoing research and innovation in waste management practices. We examine the use of glass and glass fibres in cement production and advocate for sustainable principles in the renewable energy industry, aligning industrial endeavours with ecological sustainability for a greener future.
Analyzing the Traffic Operational Performance of School Pick-Up and Drop-Off Dynamics in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Shokry Sherif , Alrashidi Ali , Elbany Marwa
Published: June 2024

In seeking sustainable, safe, and efficient school commuting tours as non-recurring sources of congestion, it is essential to investigate the dynamic interaction between school students’ pick-up and drop-off (P&D) movements and the traffic operational performance of the surrounding area. This study investigates the traffic operational performance in the vicinity of schools at various P&D time intervals. The Travel and Planning Time indices (TTI, PTI), along with the Level of Service (LOS) are utilized as traffic operational performance indices in this article. A Python script was developed to employ the Google API for estimating the travel times from a real traffic dataset comprising 40 schools distributed across six cities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The results indicate that LOS varies from C to D for all cities except Riyadh, which exhibits the poorest traffic performance during P&D time intervals. This paper serves as a guideline for city planners and policymakers seeking to provide valuable insights to enhance traffic operational performance in Saudi Arabia.
The Impact of Mandatory Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure on Enterprise Risk-Taking: Facilitative or Constraining?
Authors: Guo Xiaomei , Yang Changlan , Ban Qi , Xie Yang
Published: June 2024

Using Chinese A-share listed companies from 2006 to 2013 as the research sample, this paper empirically examines the impact and mechanism of the mandatory CSR disclosure policy on Chinese firms’ risk-taking by combining the difference-in-differences (DID) approach. This study finds that the implementation of the policy increases firms’ operating costs and leads to an increase in their financing constraints, which ultimately creates a disincentive for firms to take risks. Second, we also find that, relative to firms that do not disclose CSR reports, the sales revenues, R&D investment and investment levels of firms subject to CSR disclosure are significantly reduced, which may be the result of firms’ tendency to operate conservatively. In addition, heterogeneity analyses suggest that the dampening effect of mandatory CSR disclosure policies on risk-taking is stronger for firms with higher financing costs and for non-state-owned firms. This study further explores the mechanism of the impact of mandatory CSR disclosure on firms’ risk-taking, which will help the government to formulate and improve the information disclosure policy regarding driving the transformation of corporate development in the future.
Lump, Breather, Ma-Breather, Kuznetsov–Ma-Breather, Periodic Cross-Kink and Multi-Waves Soliton Solutions for Benney–Luke Equation
Authors: Vivas-Cortez Miguel , Baloch Sajawal Abbas , Abbas Muhammad , Alosaimi Moataz , Wei Guo
Published: June 2024

The goal of this research is to utilize some ansatz forms of solutions to obtain novel forms of soliton solutions for the Benney–Luke equation. It is a mathematically valid approximation that describes the propagation of two-way water waves in the presence of surface tension. By using ansatz forms of solutions, with an appropriate set of parameters, the lump soliton, periodic cross-kink waves, multi-waves, breather waves, Ma-breather, Kuznetsov–Ma-breather, periodic waves and rogue waves solutions can be obtained. Breather waves are confined, periodic, nonlinear wave solutions that preserve their amplitude and shape despite alternating between compression and expansion. For some integrable nonlinear partial differential equations, a lump soliton is a confined, stable solitary wave solution. Rogue waves are unusually powerful and sharp ocean surface waves that deviate significantly from the surrounding wave pattern. They pose a threat to maritime safety. They typically show up in solitary, seemingly random circumstances. Periodic cross-kink waves are a particular type of wave pattern that has frequent bends or oscillations that cross at right angles. These waves provide insights into complicated wave dynamics and arise spontaneously in a variety of settings. In order to predict the wave dynamics, certain 2D, 3D and contour profiles are also analyzed. Since these recently discovered solutions contain certain arbitrary constants, they can be used to describe the variation in the qualitative characteristics of wave phenomena.
An Efficient Solution of Multiplicative Differential Equations through Laguerre Polynomials
Authors: Kosunalp Hatice Yalman , Bas Selcuk , Kosunalp Selahattin
Published: June 2024

The field of multiplicative analysis has recently garnered significant attention, particularly in the context of solving multiplicative differential equations (MDEs). The symmetry concept in MDEs facilitates the determination of invariant solutions and the reduction of these equations by leveraging their intrinsic symmetrical properties. This study is motivated by the need for efficient methods to address MDEs, which are critical in various applications. Our novel contribution involves leveraging the fundamental properties of orthogonal polynomials, specifically Laguerre polynomials, to derive new solutions for MDEs. We introduce the definitions of Laguerre multiplicative differential equations and multiplicative Laguerre polynomials. By applying the power series method, we construct these multiplicative Laguerre polynomials and rigorously prove their basic properties. The effectiveness of our proposed solution is validated through illustrative examples, demonstrating its practical applicability and potential for advancing the field of multiplicative analysis.
An Intelligent Connected Vehicle Material Distribution Route Model Based on k-Center Spatial Cellular Clustering and an Improved Cockroach Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Zhou Xiao , Wang Jun , Liu Wenbing , Pan Juan , Zhao Taiping , Jiang Fan , Li Rui
Published: June 2024

Based on the analysis of the problems in material distribution routes, we propose the idea of integrating the intelligent connected vehicle system with material distribution, and construct an intelligent connected vehicle material distribution route model based on k-center spatial cellular clustering and an improved cockroach optimization algorithm. Firstly, we set the research scope to include the distribution center, the distribution points and the geographical environment. A cellular spatial model of distribution points is constructed to quantify and visualize the neighborhood relationship between the distribution centers and distribution points. On this basis, we construct an intelligent connected vehicle material distribution route model based on the improved cockroach optimization algorithm, and the optimal material distribution center is determined by searching for the corresponding optimal distribution route of each distribution center. In the experiment, we use the concept of symmetry to design routes that start from the initial points. The route passes through the distribution point, and finally reaches the destination. In this mode, the experiment generates symmetrically round-trip routes and generates different distribution time schedules. Case studies and comparative experiments show that the proposed algorithm has a total distance cost 1.2 km lower than the distance cost generated by the Baidu Map method and 2.7 km lower than the distance cost generated by the 360 Map method. In terms of the total time cost of the proposed algorithm, it is 0.06 h lower than the time cost generated by the Baidu Map method and 0.135 h lower than the time cost generated by the 360 Map method. Compared with the commonly used Dijkstra algorithm and the A* algorithm for route optimization, our proposed algorithm also generates a lower cost than the two other types of optimization algorithms. In the case study, the distance generated by the proposed algorithm is 1.8 km lower than that of the Dijkstra algorithm, and the total time cost is 0.09 h lower than that of the Dijkstra algorithm. The distance generated by the proposed algorithm is 1.6 km lower than that of the A* algorithm, and the total time cost is 0.08 h lower than that of the A* algorithm. Meanwhile, the proposed algorithm has a lower time complexity than the two commonly used optimization algorithms. Therefore, our proposed algorithm can find the distribution route with the lowest transportation cost. Compared to the commonly used electronic maps and the optimization algorithms for distribution route planning, our proposed algorithm can output distribution routes with lower costs under the same distribution sequence, and reduce the transportation costs for intelligent connected vehicle material distribution systems to the maximum extent.
A Clustering Model for Three-Way Asymmetric Proximities: Unveiling Origins and Destinations
Authors: Bocci Laura , Vicari Donatella
Published: June 2024

In many real-world situations, the available data consist of a set of several asymmetric pairwise proximity matrices that collect directed exchanges between pairs of objects measured or observed in a number of occasions (three-way data). To unveil patterns of exchange, a clustering model is proposed that accounts for the systematic differences across occasions. Specifically, the goal is to identify the groups of objects that are primarily origins or destinations of the directed exchanges, and, together, to measure the extent to which these clusters differ across occasions. The model is based on two clustering structures for the objects, which are linked one-to-one and common to all occasions. The first structure assumes a standard partition of the objects to fit the average amounts of the exchanges, while the second one fits the imbalances using an “incomplete” partition of the objects, allowing some to remain unassigned. In addition, to account for the heterogeneity of the occasions, the amounts and directions of exchange between clusters are modeled by occasion-specific weights. An Alternating Least-Squares algorithm is provided. Results from artificial data and a real application on international student mobility show the capability of the model to identify origin and/or destination clusters with common behavior across occasions.
Decontamination of Chlorpyrifos Residue in Soil by Using Mentha piperita (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) for Phytoremediation and Two Bacterial Strains
Authors: Aioub Ahmed A. A. , Fahmy Mohamed A. , Ammar Esraa E. , Maher Mohamed , Ismail Heba A. , Yue Jin , Zhang Qichun , Abdel-Wahab Sarah I. Z.
Published: June 2024

This study utilizes Mentha piperita (MI) for the first time to investigate the uptake and translocation of chlorpyrifos (CPF; 10 µg g−1) from soil, introducing a new approach to improve the efficacy of this technique, which includes using biosurfactants (Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) at 107 CFU/mL to degrade CPF under greenhouse conditions. Moreover, antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (Prx), and oxidative stress due to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in MI roots and leaves were evaluated under CPF stress. Our results demonstrated that amending soil with MI and B. subtilis followed by P. aeruginosa significantly reduced CPF levels in the soil (p > 0.05) and enhanced CPF concentrations in MI roots and leaves after 1, 3, 7, 10, and 14 days of the experiment. Furthermore, CPF showed its longest half-life (t1/2) in soil contaminated solely with CPF, lasting 15.36 days. Conversely, its shortest half-life occurred in soil contaminated with CPF and treated with MI along with B. subtilis, lasting 4.65 days. Soil contaminated with CPF and treated with MI and P. aeruginosa showed a half-life of 7.98 days. The half-life (t1/2) of CPF-contaminated soil with MI alone was 11.41 days. A batch equilibrium technique showed that B. subtilis is better than P. aeruginosa for eliminating CPF from soil in In vitro experiments. Notably, CPF-polluted soil treated with coadministration of MI and the tested bacteria improved the activities of SOD and Prx and reduced H2O2 and MDA compared with CPF-polluted soil treated with MI alone. Our findings demonstrated that using B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa as biosurfactants to augment phytoremediation represents a commendable strategy for enhancing the remediation of CPF contamination in affected sites while reducing the existence of harmful pesticide remnants in crop plants.
Comparative Analysis of Maize Physico-Chemical Parameters and Mycotoxin Levels in Dual Environments
Authors: Carbas Bruna , Barros Sílvia , Freitas Andreia , Silva Ana Sanches , Brites Carla
Published: June 2024

Maize (Zea mays L.) stands as a vital staple food globally, holding significant nutritional and economic value. However, its susceptibility to mycotoxin contamination under stressful environmental conditions poses a considerable concern. This study aimed to assess the quality and pasting characteristics of maize varieties across two distinct regions and examine the occurrence of mycotoxins influenced by climatic factors. Five maize varieties were cultivated in triplicate in the Golegã and Coruche regions. The nutritional composition (protein, fat, fiber, ash, starch, and lutein), pasting properties, and mycotoxin levels were evaluated. A statistical analysis revealed notable differences in the nutritional profiles of the maize varieties between the two regions, particularly in the protein and lutein content. The peak viscosity ranged from 6430 to 8599 cP and from 4548 to 8178 cP in the maize varieties from the Coruche and Golegã regions, respectively. Additionally, a significant correlation was observed between the climatic conditions and the grain nutritional quality components (p < 0.05). The M variety showed the highest ash content, protein content, final viscosity, and setback viscosity and the lowest peak viscosity. The Y variety revealed the lowest fat, fiber, and lutein content and the maximum peak viscosity. The incidence of mycotoxins was notably higher in the varieties from Coruche, which was potentially attributable to higher temperatures and lower precipitation levels leading to more frequent drought conditions. Fumonisin B1 was detected in 58% of the varieties from Coruche and 33% of the samples from Golegã, while deoxynivalenol was found in 87% and 80% of the varieties from Coruche and Golegã, respectively. The H variety, which was harvested in Coruche, exhibited the highest number of fumonisins and higher amounts of protein, lutein, and fat, while fumonisins were not detected in the Golegã region, which was potentially influenced by the precipitation levels. The K variety revealed higher protein and lutein contents, a lower amount of fat, excellent pasting properties (a higher peak viscosity and holding strength and a lower peak time), and no fumonisins B1 or B2. This variety may be considered well adapted to higher temperatures and drier conditions, as verified in the Coruche region. In conclusion, our study underscored the profound impact of environmental factors on the quality and occurrence of mycotoxins in maize varieties.
Model-Independent Odderon Results Based on New TOTEM Data on Elastic Proton–Proton Collisions at 8 TeV
Authors: Csörgő Tamás , Novák Tamás , Pasechnik Roman , Ster András , Szanyi István
Published: June 2024

Evaluating the H(x,s|pp) scaling function of elastic proton–proton (pp) collisions from recent TOTEM data at s=8 TeV and comparing it with the same function of elastic proton–antiproton (pp¯) data of the D0 collaboration at s=1.96 TeV, we find, from this comparison alone, an at least 3.79 σ signal of odderon exchange. If we combine this model-independently obtained result with that of a similar analysis but using TOTEM elastic pp scattering data at s=7 TeV, which resulted in an at least 6.26 σ signal, the combined significance of odderon exchange increases to at least 7.08 σ. Further combinations of various datasets in the TeV energy range are detailed in the manuscript.
Torquetenovirus Viremia Quantification Using Real-Time PCR Developed on a Fully Automated, Random-Access Platform
Authors: Spezia Pietro Giorgio , Carletti Fabrizio , Novazzi Federica , Specchiarello Eliana , Genoni Angelo , Drago Ferrante Francesca , Minosse Claudia , Matusali Giulia , Mancini Nicasio , Focosi Daniele , Antonelli Guido , Girardi Enrico , Maggi Fabrizio
Published: June 2024

Quantification of Torquetenovirus (TTV) viremia is becoming important for evaluating the status of the immune system in solid organ transplant recipients, monitoring the appearance of post-transplant complications, and controlling the efficacy of maintenance immunosuppressive therapy. Thus, diagnostic approaches able to scale up TTV quantification are needed. Here, we report on the development and validation of a real-time PCR assay for TTV quantification on the Hologic Panther Fusion® System by utilizing its open-access channel. The manual real-time PCR previously developed in our laboratories was optimized to detect TTV DNA on the Hologic Panther Fusion® System. The assay was validated using clinical samples. The automated TTV assay has a limit of detection of 1.6 log copies per ml of serum. Using 112 samples previously tested via manual real-time PCR, the concordance in TTV detection was 93% between the assays. When the TTV levels were compared, the overall agreement between the methods, as assessed using Passing–Bablok linear regression and Bland–Altman analyses, was excellent. In summary, we validated a highly sensitive and accurate method for the diagnostic use of TTV quantification on a fully automated Hologic Panther Fusion® System. This will greatly improve the turnaround time for TTV testing and better support the laboratory diagnosis of this new viral biomarker.
Neurological Manifestations of Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Pediatric Patients: A 3-Year Study on Differences between Pandemic Waves
Authors: Vivisenco Iolanda Cristina , Lescaie Andreea , Dragomirescu Ana , Ioniță Ioana Cătălina , Florescu Irina , Ciocea Bogdan , Grama Andreea Rodica , Crăciun Maria-Dorina , Chivu Carmen-Daniela , Ulmeanu Coriolan Emil , Nițescu Viorela Gabriela
Published: June 2024

This study analyzed the neurological manifestation profiles of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection across pandemic waves in pediatric patients. The study collected data on patients aged between 0 and 18 years, diagnosed with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, admitted to a pediatric tertiary hospital between 1 March 2020 and 28 February 2023. This study included 1677 patients. Neurological manifestations were noted in 10% (n = 168) of patients with a median age of 3.2 years (interquartile range: 1–11.92). Neurological manifestations were significantly associated with the pandemic waves (p = 0.006) and age groups (p < 0.001). Seizures were noted in 4.2% of cases and reached an increasing frequency over time (p = 0.001), but were not associated with age groups. Febrile seizures accounted for the majority of seizures. Headache was reported in 2.6% of cases and had similar frequencies across the pandemic waves and age groups. Muscular involvement was noted in 2% of cases, reached a decreasing frequency over time (p < 0.001), and showed different frequencies among the age groups. Neurological manifestations of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibit distinct patterns, depending on the pandemic wave and patient age group. The Wuhan and Omicron waves involved the nervous system more often than the other waves.
A New Numerical Method to Evaluate the Stability of Dike Slope Considering the Influence of Backward Erosion Piping
Authors: Ma Zhen , Wang Xiaobing , Shang Ning , Zhang Qing
Published: June 2024

Backward erosion piping, a soil erosion phenomenon induced by seepage, compromises the stability of water-retaining structures such as dikes. During floods, the seepage in the dike body increases due to high water levels, which directly affects the progression of the piping channel. The formation of the piping channel then impacts the stability of the dike. In this paper, an improved piping model that considers the impact of seepage in the dike body is proposed based on Wewer’s model. Specifically, we added a seepage field of the dike body to the original model to account for the impact of dike-body seepage on the evolution of piping. The seepage field of the dike body is solved using Darcy’s law and the continuity equation for unsaturated porous media. In addition, this approach also incorporates the coupling effect of seepage stress. The accuracy of the model was verified through comparing the calculated results with the IJkdijk experiment and Wewer’s results. The effects of BEP on dike stability were investigated using the proposed improved piping model. The two major conclusions of the study are that (1) the incorporation of unsaturated seepage enhanced the performance of the piping model, allowing it to more accurately simulate the development of pipe length and the changing of pore pressure; and (2) the formation of the pipe impacted dike stability, leading to a substantial reduction in the safety factor of the dike slope.
Optimal Allocation of Water Resources in Ordos City Based on the General Water Allocation and Simulation Model
Authors: Shi Qiwei , Duan Limin , Cui Caiqi , Yang Lu , Hao Rong , Wang Ruidong , Lu Xiaoyan , Miao Ping , Sang Xuefeng , Liu Xiaomin , Luo Yanyun
Published: June 2024

This study aims to achieve coordination between regional economic development and ecological environmental protection and to mitigate issues such as competition for water use among industries and significant disparities between water supply and demand. A multi-water-source, multi-user, and multi-objective optimal water resource allocation model was developed for Ordos City using general water allocation and simulation (GWAS). This model was applied to optimize water resource allocation on a monthly scale for various users across different administrative units (banners) in both short- and long-term planning periods. The results indicate that Ordos City’s allocated water volume for 2025 and 2030 is projected to be 1833.36 × 106 m3 and 1963.44 × 106 m3, respectively, with an overall water shortage rate of 5.46% and 5.67%, respectively. Water shortages are predicted in Dongsheng District, Dalad Banner, Etuoke Banner, Hangjin Banner, and Wushen Banner, primarily during the agricultural water usage period from March to November. The regional water supply structure was notably optimized, with a gradual decrease in the proportion of groundwater in the total water supply and a corresponding increase in the supply of surface water and unconventional water. These changes effectively improve local groundwater overexploitation and enhance the water supply efficiency. The research findings could offer valuable theoretical and technical support for the development and utilization of water resources, as well as for adjustments in the population–economic–industrial structure of Ordos City. Additionally, this study could provide scientific references for optimizing water resource allocation in other water-deficient cities in arid and semi-arid areas of the Yellow River Basin.
Temporal and Spatial Variations in Drought and Its Impact on Agriculture in China
Authors: Liu Wen , Zhang Yuqing
Published: June 2024

Drought, as a widespread natural calamity, leads to the most severe agricultural losses among all such disasters. Alterations in the yield of major global agricultural products are pivotal factors influencing food prices, food security, and land use decisions. China’s rapidly expanding demand for sustenance will persist over the forthcoming decades, emphasizing the critical need for an accurate assessment of drought’s impact on food production. Consequently, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the drought risk in China and its repercussions on agricultural output. Additionally, we delved into the underlying factors driving changes in yield for three primary grain crops (wheat, corn, and rice), which hold particular relevance for shaping effective strategies to mitigate future drought challenges. The findings divulge that both the number of drought months (DM) and the drought magnitude index (DMI) have displayed an upward trajectory over 60 years with a correlation coefficient of 0.96. The overall severity of meteorological drought has escalated across China, and it is particularly evident in regions such as the southwest and central parts of the Huang-Huai-Hai region, the northwestern middle region, and the Xinjiang region. Conversely, there has been some relief from drought conditions in southern China and the Yangtze River Delta. Shifts in the total grain output (TGO) during this period were compared: it underwent three stages, namely “fluctuating growth” (1961–1999), then a “sharp decline” (2000–2003), followed by “stable growth” (2004–2018). Similarly, changes in the grain planting area (GPA) experienced two stages, “continuous reduction” (1961–2003) succeeded by “stable growth” (2004–2018), while maintaining an upward trend for grain yield per unit area (GY) throughout. Furthermore, it was revealed that the drought grade serves as a significant constraint on continuous expansion within China’s grain output—where the drought damage rate’s influence on the TGO outweighs that from the GY. Our research outcomes play an instrumental role in deepening our comprehension regarding how drought impacts agricultural production within China while furnishing the scientific groundwork to devise efficacious policies addressing these challenges.
Optimizing Flow Conditions and Fish Passage Success in Vertical Slot Fishways: Lessons from Fish Behavior Observations
Authors: Calluaud Damien , Cornu Vincent , Baran Philippe , Pineau Gérard , Sagnes Pierre , David Laurent
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the behavior of chubs (Squalius cephalus) of mid-body length (9.7–15.6 cm) with respect to turbulent flow conditions in a pool representing an experimental vertical slot fishway. Velocity and turbulence were characterized using PIV data. The influence of turbulent flow on fish behavior was assessed through the number of successful fish passage attempts, the associated passage times, and the spatial distribution of fish in the pool. Turbulence conditions were modified by the addition of one or three vertical rigid cylinders inside the pool. The results show that these adaptations may facilitate the passage of chubs. Results provide valuable insights and information to understand the relationship between fish behavior and hydraulic conditions, especially in the context of improving the design of fishways.