bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A construção de capacidades e meios de vida na garantia da segurança alimentar do rural pernambucano
Authors: Nascimento Amália Leonel , Gonçalves Fabiana Cristina Lima da Silva Pastich , Maia Sandra Regina , Schneider Sérgio , Lira Pedro Israel Cabral de
Published: February 2018

O trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a situação de (in)segurança alimentar do meio rural de Pernambuco e seus condicionantes, bem como, por meio da abordagem das capacidades e perspectiva dos meios de vida, buscar alternativas para a garantia da segurança alimentar e desenvolvimento rural do Estado. A insegurança alimentar na área rural de Pernambuco esteve relacionada à classe social, embora que não tão dependente da renda quanto no setor urbano. A localização geográfica e áreas de povoamento, bem como às características do chefe da família e/ou entrevistado (gênero, condições de trabalho, escolaridade), presença de criança e/ou adolescente no domicílio, número de refeições realizadas e acesso a saneamento básico, tratamento de água, participação em programas sociais e cooperativas também demonstraram associação. As informações sobre insegurança alimentar no rural pernambucano auxiliam na compreensão das mais variadas formas de vulnerabilidade e exclusão sofridas por essas famílias, bem como suas estratégias para a construção de capacidades e ampliação da qualidade e meios de vida no campo.
Síndrome Metabólica: aspectos clínicos e fatores modificáveis associados ao seu desenvolvimento em adolescentes – revisão
Authors: Pegolo Giovana Eliza
Published: February 2018

Síndrome Metabólica (SM) é o conjunto de fatores de risco associados ao desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares e diabetes tipo 2. O acúmulo de tecido adiposo na região abdominal é associado à resistência à insulina, condições consideradas essenciais para o desencadeamento das alterações que constituem a SM. O objetivo deste trabalho foi abordar questões relevantes em relação aos aspectos clínicos da SM e descrever fatores modificáveis (hábitos alimentares e atividade física) associados ao seu desenvolvimento em adolescentes. Especialmente entre àqueles com excesso de peso, as alterações metabólicas, quando ainda não detectadas, tendem a se manifestarem com o avanço da idade, o que ressalta a discussão em relação à prevenção e/ou tratamento da obesidade/SM, dislipidemias e demais morbidades associadas. Em adolescentes, a adoção de hábitos alimentares saudáveis e a prática regular de atividades físicas/exercícios mostram-se relevantes para a prevenção e/ou tratamento da SM e das alterações metabólicas isoladamente.
Pescado: importância nutricional e consumo no Brasil
Authors: Sartori Alan Giovanini de Oliveira , Amancio Rodrigo Dantas
Published: February 2018

O pescado é um alimento que se destaca nutricionalmente quanto à quantidade e qualidade das suas proteínas, à presença de vitaminas e minerais e, principalmente, por ser fonte de ácidos graxos essenciais ômega-3 eicosapentaenoico (EPA) e docosaexaenoico (DHA). O consumo desses lipídios é associado à redução do risco de doenças cardiovasculares e a funções importantes nas fases iniciais do desenvolvimento humano. No Brasil, os autores têm concentrado suas análises sobre consumo de pescado com base em dados obtidos em localidades da região Norte, que apresenta elevada disponibilidade do alimento em relação às demais regiões brasileiras. O objetivo do presente artigo foi analisar a importância nutricional do pescado e o consumo no Brasil, discriminando-o de acordo com as regiões geográficas. Foi possível inferir que: a ingestão regular de pescado traz benefícios à saúde humana e que o risco de contaminação por elemento químico é considerado baixo; o consumo é reduzido, com exceção das regiões Norte e Nordeste, e não houve ampliação no período de 1970 a 2009; há distinção entre as quantidades ingeridas (per capita) e a diversidade de espécies preferidas, de acordo com as regiões.
Comparando a alimentação dentro e fora do domicílio, no Brasil, em 2008-2009
Authors: Hoffmann Rodolfo
Published: February 2018

Alguns artigos sugerem que a alimentação fora do domicílio, no Brasil, é menos saudável que a consumida no domicílio, associando a primeira com fast food. A análise dos dados do inquérito alimentar da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF) 2008-2009 não sustenta essa ideia. É usual comparar a alimentação de quem eventualmente come fora do domicílio (40,2%) com a de quem se alimenta somente no domicílio (59,8%). Isso implica comparar grupos de pessoas muito diferentes. Os que eventualmente comem fora do domicílio têm maior renda per capita (45% maior) e escolaridade (8,8 versus 6,4 anos), são mais jovens (32,1 versus 40,5 anos) e têm maior ingestão calórica diária (2.063 kcal versus 1.801 kcal). Para estimar o efeito de “comer fora” é necessário controlar o efeito de outros fatores, incluindo alguns não observáveis. Usando os dados referentes às pessoas que comem tanto dentro como fora do domicílio (amostra de 12.045 pessoas), foi estimado o efeito de “comer fora” controlando o efeito de todas as características pessoais. Essa estimativa é obtida utilizando, para cada pessoa a diferença, no valor da variável dependente, entre alimentação fora e dentro do domicílio. Verifica-se que, para cada 100 kcal de alimentos, a alimentação fora do domicílio apresenta menos sal e mais frutas e vitamina C. Por outro lado, a alimentação fora do domicílio apresenta maior teor de açúcar e menor teor de vitamina A. Mostra-se, também, que o fato de comer fora do domicílio está associado a uma menor probabilidade de uma mulher apresentar sobrepeso ou obesidade.
Avaliação do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar: desenvolvimento de um protocolo de indicadores
Authors: Calasans Flávia Verônica Marques , Santos Sandra Maria Chaves dos
Published: February 2018

Este artigo objetiva apresentar o processo de desenvolvimento de uma proposta metodológica para avaliação do desempenho municipal do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) a partir de um protocolo de indicadores. As etapas do processo incluíram: (1) abordagem teórico-metodológica sobre a política e sobre avaliação e decisões conceituais para construção da imagem-objetivo do PNAE e definição das dimensões de análise, a saber: gestão; participação e controle social e eficiência alimentar e nutricional; (2) a seleção dos indicadores, definição de parâmetros e o plano de análise, considerando estudos existentes e as normas vigentes. O protocolo resultante consta de 35 indicadores, parâmetros, meios de verificação e premissas. Uma escala de desempenho na implementação do programa com quatro condições foi proposta para análises dos resultados, por dimensão e global, sendo possível a identificação de fatores que constrangem e/ou favorecem a execução do programa na direção da imagem-objetivo. A metodologia de avaliação apresentada permite o diagnóstico inicial da execução do programa e o monitoramento de suas ações, mediante a replicação sistemática do protocolo de indicadores pela equipe de gestão. Esta metodologia poderá contribuir para a redução da lacuna na área de avaliação e aperfeiçoamento da execução do Programa.
Insegurança alimentar e nutricional e fatores associados entre frequentadores de Restaurantes Comunitários do Distrito Federal
Authors: Coelho Stefanie Eugênia dos Anjos Campos , Gubert Muriel Bauermann
Published: February 2018

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar o nível de Insegurança Alimentar (IA) entre frequentadores dos Restaurantes Comunitários do Distrito Federal (DF) e suas variáveis associadas, além de observar a focalização desta estratégia contribuindo para o planejamento das ações e políticas públicas. Foi realizado nos 11 Restaurantes Comunitários no DF em 2011. O tamanho da amostra representativa dessa população foi calculado em 610 indivíduos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram a Escala Brasileira de Medida da Insegurança Alimentar e questões socioeconômicas e de percepção do estado de saúde. Observou-se predominância de indivíduos do sexo masculino, trabalhadores e grande parte dos entrevistados pertenciam à classe social C. A Insegurança Alimentar e Nutricional Leve foi verificada em 26,1%, Moderada em 11,7% e Grave em 6,7% dos domicílios dos entrevistados. As prevalências de IA (leve, moderada e grave), sobretudo a IA Grave estavam associadas significativamente a menor renda e escolaridade, participação em programa de transferência de renda, menor frequência nos restaurantes e menor número de refeições realizadas/dia. Verificaram-se altas prevalências de IA (leve, moderada e grave), especialmente a IA Grave no público estudado quando comparadas à situação do Brasil e do DF. O programa idealmente é destinado a indivíduos de baixa renda e famílias em risco de Insegurança Alimentar e Nutricional, porém, no DF grande parte dos frequentadores pertence à classe de rendimento médio.
Óleos de fritura nas unidades de alimentação de instituição militar
Authors: Filipe Rita Andreia Alves Dias
Published: February 2018

Os alimentos fritos são populares devido às características únicas de textura e sabor. Os óleos de fritura são fontes ricas em ácidos graxos essenciais e outros nutrientes, mas, quando são usados na preparação de alimentos por períodos muito prolongados, há uma diminuição do seu valor biológico e componentes tóxicos podem ser formados por oxidação, hidrólise e polimerização. A qualidade dos óleos de fritura é um fator crítico para obtermos produtos seguros e de elevada qualidade. O ponto de rejeição de óleos e gorduras deve ser de fácil detecção. A presença de compostos polares totais é um bom indicador da qualidade do óleo, no que diz respeito à segurança e à saúde dos consumidores, sendo referência para a legislação em muitos países na Europa (incluindo Portugal) para o controle dos óleos de fritura. O método oficial consome muito tempo, devido às etapas laboratoriais. Estão disponíveis no mercado diversos testes rápidos para a medição das alterações de cor e constante dielétrica. Os principais objetivos deste estudo foram: 1. O estudo comparativo entre os diferentes testes rápidos, disponíveis no mercado português e as metodologias analíticas oficiais; 2. Avaliação da qualidade dos óleos de fritura nas unidades de uma instituição militar; 3. Implementação da Boa Prática de Produção aos óleos de fritura nas unidades de processamento dos alimentos; 4. Verificação do cumprimento da legislação em relação aos óleos de fritura com a aplicação da boa prática de produção (pela análise visual e aplicação de testes). Foram avaliados diferentes alimentos e ciclos de fritura após ter sido atingido o ponto de rejeição, baseado na inspeção visual. Genericamente foi encontrada uma boa correlação entre os testes rápidos e a metodologia oficial. Os testes rápidos avaliados envolviam facilidade de uso, relativamente econômicos, ambientalmente sustentáveis, e capazes de suportar os rigores da fritura e da manipulação pelos colaboradores com poucos conhecimentos analíticos. As amostras colhidas nas unidades demonstram claramente que os óleos são rejeitados precocemente, em comparação com os limites legais, não constituindo, por este motivo, uma preocupação de saúde pública. Com a difusão destes testes, provavelmente os óleos serão usados por períodos de tempos mais prolongados, dentro dos limites exigidos pela legislação, com vantagens quer para a indústria, quer para o ambiente.
Características físicas, químicas e sensoriais de doce de manga cremoso acrescido de farinha de okara
Authors: Leite Júnior Bruno Ricardo de Castro , Oliveira Patrícia Martins de , Castro Renan Luís Emídio de , Martins Eliane Maurício Furtado , Lamas Joaquim Mário Neiva
Published: February 2018

Este trabalho objetivou elaborar e caracterizar doce de manga cremoso acrescido de farinha de okara. Foram elaboradas três formulações: controle (sem adição de farinha), contendo 1% e 3% de farinha de okara. Foram realizadas análises de proteína bruta, extrato etéreo e fibra bruta, na farinha de okara, e pH, acidez, Sólidos Solúveis Totais (SST), proteína, gordura, Atividade de Água (Aw), cor, contagem de bolores e leveduras e análise sensorial, nas formulações de doces. Para os doces elaborados a acidez, Aw e cor (L*, a* e b*) não diferiram entre as amostras. A amostra contendo 3% de farinha obteve os maiores valores de pH, SST, proteína e gordura após a fabricação e após 70 dias de armazenamento. Todas as amostras estavam de acordo com a legislação brasileira para bolores e leveduras. Na análise sensorial, o atributo cor não diferiu entre as amostras controle e as contendo 1% e 3% de farinha. Para aroma, textura, sabor, impressão global e intenção de compra as amostras controle e adicionada de 1% não diferiram entre si, e apresentaram médias superiores à amostra contendo 3% de okara. Os produtos elaborados obtiveram alto valor nutricional e boa aceitação.
A carne consumida em São Paulo: da recomendação ao impacto ambiental
Authors: Carvalho Aline Martins de , Reis Nicole Samanta Dantas , Fisberg Regina Mara , Marchioni Dirce Maria Lobo
Published: February 2018

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o impacto ambiental gerado pelo consumo de carne bovina no Município de São Paulo em 2008 e verificar sua possível redução a partir da adesão às recomendações nutricionais. Utilizaramse os dados do Inquérito de Saúde de São Paulo, composto por 1.102 adultos e idosos. Para estimativa da ingestão habitual de carne bovina, utilizaram-se dois Recordatórios Alimentares de 24 horas e o Multiple Source Method. O impacto ambiental foi estimado, considerando-se que são emitidos para produção de um quilo de carne bovina 44 kg de equivalentes de CO2. Observou-se que o paulistano consome mais carne que o recomendado, e a carne bovina é a mais consumida. Estimou-se que foram liberados 3,2 quilos de equivalentes de CO2/por dia/pessoa, isto é, 13 milhões de toneladas durante o ano de 2008. Se o paulistano consumisse a quantidade de carne recomendada pelo Ministério da Saúde, a emissão diária seria de 1,7 quilos de equivalentes de CO2/por dia/pessoa, quase metade da emissão atual. Conclui-se que houve um alto consumo de carne bovina, assim como alta emissão de gases de efeito estufa. A redução de consumo poderia restringir pela metade os gases emitidos, além de diminuir o risco para doenças crônicas..
Segurança alimentar e nutricional e controvérsias científicas
Authors: Azevedo Elaine de
Published: February 2018

Esta pesquisa conceitual tem o objetivo de estabelecer um diálogo entre o estudo sociológico das controvérsias e a área de pesquisa em Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN). Para cumprir esse objetivo foram mobilizados autores da Sociologia da Ciência e do Conhecimento Científico que abordam as controvérsias científicas ilustradas aqui com diferentes controvérsias na área de SAN. O estudo aponta a recorrente premissa de que mais ciência não é capaz de promover consensos científicos; destaca a importância da democratização e mobilização do consumidor e aponta estratégias que possam contribuir para estimular a participação e a inserção desse ator na arena de dissolução das controvérsias em SAN.
Impact of Same-Session Trabectome Surgery on Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Outcomes
Authors: Esfandiari Hamed , Shazly Tarek , Shah Priyal , Hassanpour Kiana , Torkian Pooya , Yaseri Mehdi , Loewen Nils A.
Published: February 2018

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and survival rates of same session ab interno trabeculectomy with the trabectome and Ahmed glaucoma valve implant (AT) in comparison to the Ahmed glaucoma valve alone (A). Method: A total of 107 eyes undergoing primary glaucoma surgery were enrolled in this retrospective comparative case series, including 48 eyes which underwent AT and 59 eyes which received A alone. Participants were identified using the procedural terminology codes, and their medical records were reviewed. The primary outcome measure was surgical success, defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) > 5 mmHg, ≤ 21 mmHg, and IOP reduction ≥ 20% from baseline at two consecutive visits after three months, no reoperation for glaucoma. Secondary outcome measures were IOP, the number of glaucoma medications, incidence of a hypertensive phase, and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Results: The cumulative probability of success at one year was 70% in AT, and 65% in A (p=0.85). IOP decreased significantly from 26.6 ± 10.1 mmHg at baseline to 14.7 ± 3.3 mmHg at the final follow-up in AT (p= 0.001). The corresponding numbers for A were 28.8 ± 10.2 and 16.7 ± 4.9, respectively (p= 0.001). The final IOP was significantly lower in AT (p= 0.022). The number of medications at baseline was comparable in both groups (2.6 ± 1.2 in AT and 2.5 ± 1.3 in A, p=0.851). Corresponding number at 1 year visit was 1.2±2 in AT and 2.8±1.8 in A (p=0.001). The incidence of a hypertensive phase was 18.7% in AT and 35.5% in A (p=0.05). HP resolved in only 30% of eyes. The criteria for HP resolution were fulfilled in 9 eyes (30%). There was no difference in the rate of resolution of the hypertensive phase between AT and A (33.3% and 28.5%, respectively, p=0.67). Conclusion: Ahmed glaucoma valve implant with same session trabectome surgery significantly decreased the rate of the hypertensive phase and postoperative IOP as well as the number of glaucoma medications.
Ocular Hypotension, Actin Stress Fiber Disruption and Phagocytosis Increase by RKI-1447, a Rho-Kinase Inhibitor
Authors: Dang Yalong , Wang Chao , Shah Priyal , Waxman Susannah , Loewen Ralitsa T. , Loewen Nils A.
Published: February 2018

Objective: The Rho GTPase/Rho kinase pathway is an important target in glaucoma treatment. This study investigated the hypotensive effect of RKI-1447, a Rho kinase inhibitor developed for cancer treatment, in a porcine ex vivo pigmentary glaucoma model. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight fresh porcine anterior chambers were perfused with pigment medium (1.67 × 107 pigment particles/mL) for 48 hours before being subjected to the RKI-1447 (n = 16) or the vehicle control (n = 12). Another twelve eyes with normal medium perfusion served as the control. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was recorded at two-minute intervals and the outflow facility was calculated. To investigate the intracellular mechanism of the IOP reduction, primary trabecular meshwork cells were exposed to RKI-1447 or the vehicle control and then analyzed for changes in cytoskeleton, motility, and phagocytosis. Results: Compared to the baseline, the perfusion of pigment caused a significant increase in IOP in the RKI-1447 group (P = 0.003) at 48 hours. Subsequent treatment with RKI-1447 significantly reduced IOP from 20.14 ± 2.59 mmHg to 13.38 ± 0.91 mmHg (P = 0.02). Pigment perfusion reduced the outflow facility from 0.27 ± 0.03 at baseline to 0.18 ± 0.02 at 48 hours (P < 0.001). This was partially reversed with RKI-1447. RKI-1447 exhibited no apparent changes in the micro- or macroscopic appearance, including histology. Primary TM cells exposed to RKI-1447 showed a significant disruption of the actin cytoskeleton both in the presence and absence of pigment exposure (P < 0.001) but no effect on TM migration was observed. Pigment-treated TM cells exhibited a reduction in TM phagocytosis, which RKI reversed. Conclusions: RKI-1447 is a novel ROCK inhibitor that significantly reduces IOP by disrupting TM stress fibers and increasing TM phagocytosis. These features may make it especially useful for the treatment of secondary glaucomas with an increased phagocytosis load but also for other open angle glaucomas.
Theoretical Study of the 1 Self-Regulating Gene in the Modified Wagner Model
Authors: Guyeux Christophe , Couchot Jean-Francois , Le Rouzic Arnaud , Bahi Jacques M. , Marangio Luigi
Published: February 2018

Predicting how a genetic change affects a given character is a major challenge in biology, and being able to tackle this problem relies on our ability to develop realistic models of gene networks. However, such models are rarely tractable mathematically. In this paper, we propose a mathematical analysis of the sigmoid variant of the Wagner gene-network model. By considering the simplest case, that is, one unique self-regulating gene, we show that numerical simulations are not the only tool available to study such models: theoretical studies can be done too, by mathematical analysis of discrete dynamical systems. It is first shown that the particular sigmoid function can be theoretically investigated. Secondly, we provide an illustration on how to apply such investigations in the case of the dynamical system representing the one self-regulating gene.
Analytical Solution of Tank Drainage for Electrically Conducting Power Law Fluid
Authors: Islam Saeed , Memon Kamran Nazir , Siddiqui Abdul Majeed , Shah Syed Feroz
Published: February 2018

This paper investigates the tank drainage problem of an isothermal, unsteady, incompressible electrically conducting Power law fluid. Analytic solution have been obtained from governing continuity and momentum equations subject to appropriate boundary conditions by using Perturbation method. The Power law fluid model solution without MHD is retrieved from this proposed model on substitution . Declaration on behalf of velocity profile, volume flux, average velocity, connection of time with respect to length of the tank and requirement of time for whole drainage of fluid are acquired. Special effects of numerous emerging parameter’s on velocity profile vz and depth of the fluid in the tank are graphically presented. Keywords: Tank drainage, Power law MHD fluid, Analytical solution.
Solving Fuzzy Bi-matrix Games Through a Interval Value Function Approach
Authors: Liu Kaisheng , Xing Yumei
Published: February 2018

This article puts forward the bi-matrix games with crisp parametric payoffs based on interval value function approach. We conclude that the equilibrium solution of the game model can converted into optimal solutions of the pair of the non-linear optimization problem. Finally, experiment results show the efficiency of the model.
Geoinformation Modeling of Flooded Areas in Settlements in the Example of Lutsk
Authors: Shostak Anna , Voloshyn Volodymyr , Melnyk Oleksandr , Manko Pavlo
Published: February 2018

Floods in Ukraine is a common natural phenomenon that repeats periodically and in some cases it becomes disastrous signs. In an average year in the rivers of Volyn passes from one to three floods with going beyond the limits of the floodplain. Floodplain of Styr river is located in the historical center of Lutsk city, that`s why issues of research and forecasting of floods are very important for a given city. Using modern technologies of geodesy and remote sensing allows to quickly determine and predict the floodplain area of settlements. The research results of water level changes on the Styr River and flood zones within the limits of Lutsk is proposed. The mathematical model of short-term forecasting of water level in flood period on the river Styr with implementation of geoinformation modeling of flooded areas using remote sensing data is proposed.
Body Weight Loss, Tissue Wasting and Shortened Lifespan in Late Middle-aged Mice on Imbalanced Essential/Non-essential Amino Acids Diet
Authors: Corsetti Giovanni , Pasini Evasio , Romano Claudia , Calvani Riccardo , Picca Anna , Marzetti Emanuele , Flati Vincenzo , Dioguardi Francesco S.
Published: February 2018

Inadequate protein intake can impair protein balance and lead to skeletal muscle atrophy, impaired body growth, and functional decline. Foods provide both non-essential (NEAAs) and essential amino acids (EAAs) that may convey different metabolic stimuli to specific organs and tissues. In this study, we sought to evaluate the impact of six diets with various EAA/NEAA blends on body composition and the risk of developing tissue wasting in late middle-aged male mice. Mice consuming NEAA-based diets, although showing increased food and calorie intake, suffered the most severe weight loss. Interestingly, even moderate NEAAs prevalence was able to induce inflammatory catabolic stimuli, generalized body wasting and systemic metabolic alterations. Complete depletion of retroperitoneal white adipose tissue and a severe loss (>75%) of brown adipose tissue were observed together with muscle wasting. Conversely, EAA-based diets induced significant decreases in weight by reducing primarily fat reserves, but improved clinical parameters. Tissue wasting was caused by altered AA quality, independent of reduced nitrogen or caloric intake. Our results indicate that an optimized balance of AA composition is necessary for preserving overall bodily energy status. These findings are particularly relevant in the context of aging and may be exploited for contrasting its negative correlates including body wasting.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran OPEK Fisika pada Materi Suhu dan Kalor dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Practical Skill Siswa SMA
Authors: Afriyanti Afriyanti , Sumardi Yosaphat
Published: February 2018

Abstract:. The contribution of physics instruction in the schools to face the ASEAN Economic Community can be realized by applying the instruction model that focus on the theoretical approach and practical approach. OPEK Physics instruction model is the instruction model based on  practical approach by stimulating the practical skills of students. This study aims to examine the effect of the use of OPEK Physics instruction model on temperature and heat material to increase practical skill of the high school students. This study was conducted at SMAN 7 Yogyakarta by using pretest-posttest control group design. Practical skill  of students are measured by tests and observations sheet. The results of this study is that there is a significant difference in the improvement of practical skill of the students who are taught by using OPEK Physics instruction model those who are taught not by using this intruction model.  

 

Abstrak: Kontribusi pembelajaran fisika di sekolah dalam menghadapi Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN dapat diwujudkan dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran yang mengedepankan pendekatan teoritis dan pendekatan praktik. Model pembelajaran OPEK Fisika merupakan model pembelajaran yang berbasis pendekatan praktik dengan menstimulus practical skill siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh penggunaan model pembelajaran OPEK Fisika pada materi suhu dan kalor terhadap peningkatan practical skill siswa SMA. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMAN 7 Yogyakarta dengan menggunakan desain penelitian pretest-posttest control group design. Practical skill  siswa diukur dengan tes dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan peningkatan practical skill yang signifikan antara siswa yang dibimbing dengan model pembelajaran OPEK Fisika dan siswa yang tidak menggunakan model tersebut.
Penumbuhan Lapisan Tipis Barium Titanat (BaTiO3) menggunakan Metode Sol-Gel dengan Variasi Mol
Authors: Setyadi Ayu Uswatu Lissa Sapta , Iriani Yofentina , Nurosyid Fahru
Published: February 2018

Abstract: Preparation of Barium Titanate thin film (BaTiO3) has been done on Quartz substrate using sol gel method with spin coating technique. A thin film BaTiO3 wase made with a mole variation of 0.4 mol and 0.8 mol at a rotation speed of 3000 rpm. The samples were annealed at 400 ° C with 30 minutes stand-up time and at 900 ° C with 2 hours stand-up time and a heating rate of 5 ° C per minute. Characterization of optical properties samples was performed using UV-Vis spectrometers and characterization of microstructure samples using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The particle size was calculated by Scherer's formula. Based on the results of the analysis it was found that mole variation of the solution influenced the absorbance value, intensity, crystality level and BaTiO3 thin film particle size. The greater mole of BaTiO3 solution the higher then absorbance value. The fewer then number of layers the greater then diffraction peak intensity. More number of layers the greater the level of crystallinity and particle size.

 

Abstrak: Pembuatan lapisan tipis Barium Titanat (BaTiO3) telah dilakukan  diatas substrat Quartz menggunakan metode sol gel dengan teknik spin coating. Lapisan tipis BaTiO3 dibuat dengan variasi mol  0.4 mol dan  0.8 mol pada kecepatan putar 3000 rpm. Sampel diannealing  pada suhu 400oC dengan waktu tahan 30 menit  dan pada suhu 900oC dengan waktu tahan 2 jam dan kenaikan suhunya 5oC per menit. Karakterisasi sifat optik sampel dilakukan  menggunakan spektrometer UV-Vis dan karakterisasi struktrur mikro sampel menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD).Ukuran partikel dihitung dengan formula Scherer. Berdasarkan hasil analisis didapat bahwa variasi mol larutan mempengaruhi  mempengaruhi nilai absorbansi, intensitas, tingkat kekristalan dan ukuran partikel lapisan tipis BaTiO3. Semakin besar mol larutan BaTiO3 maka semakin tinggi nilai absorbansinya. Semakin sedikit jumlah lapisan maka intensitas puncak difraksi semakin besar. Semakin banyak jumlah lapisan maka semakin besar pula tingkat kekristalan dan ukuran partikel.
Tingkat Pemahaman Konsep Mahasiswa Pendidikan Fisika Universitas Sebelas Maret pada Materi Momentum
Authors: Rosa Geraldin Cintia , Cari C , Aminah Nonoh Siti
Published: February 2018

Abstract: Understanding concepts on the momentum material owned by students is vary. Some students have understood the concept in accordance with scientific truth, but some are not yet. Constraints experienced by students in understanding the concept can lead to misconception. This study aims to analyze the level of understanding of student concepts on the momentum material by using qualitative descriptive method. The subjects of this research are 33 students of Physics Education of Sebelas Maret University who have not received Basic Physics course. Data were collected by tests and interviews. The results showed that 77.27% of students experienced misconceptions on the transfer of energy of mutually colliding objects. Momentum and impulse materials have been taught in the XI Senior High School, though most students have not understood the concept as a whole.

 

Abstrak: Pemahaman konsep pada materi momentum yang dimiliki mahasiswa berbeda-beda. Sebagian mahasiswa sudah memahami konsep sesuai dengan kebenaran ilmiah, namun ada juga yang belum. Kendala yang dialami mahasiswa dalam pemahaman konsep tersebut dapat menimbulkan terjadinya miskonsepsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat pemahaman konsep mahasiswa pada materi momentum dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian yang digunakan adalah 33 mahasiswa Semester 1 Pendidikan Fisika Universitas Sebelas Maret yang belum menerima mata kuliah Fisika Dasar. Data dikumpulkan dengan tes dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 77,27% mahasiswa mengalami miskonsepsi pada transfer energi benda yang saling bertumbukan. Materi momentum dan impuls sudah diajarkan di kelas XI SMA, meskipun demikian sebagian besar mahasiswa belum memahami konsep secara keseluruhan.
Pengaruh Berpikir Kausalitik Ber-Scaffolding Terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan-Masalah Kalor pada Siswa SMA
Authors: Yuliana Ina , Rokhmat Joni , Gunada I Wayan
Published: February 2018

Abstract:. Causalitical thinking consists of  causality and analytics thinking. Both are one of the strategies that have the potential to facilitate students to overcome the ability of problem solving physics is still lacking. This research aimed to identify the impact of causalitic-thinking process in scaffolding form on problem-solving ability (PSA) of heat on senior high school (SHS) students. This research is a quasi-experimental type with non-equivalent control group design. This research used purposive sampling technique and it obtained the class X.1 (27) as the experimental class and class X.2 (28) as the control class. The PSA data were obtained from a set essay tests and tested with t-test polled variance with significant level of 5%. The result was that tcounted (2.02) greater than that of ttable (2.00) which indicated that the causalitic-thinking process in scaffolding form significantly increased the problem-solving ability of heat on senior high school students.

 

Abstrak: Berpikir Kausalitik terdiri dari berpikir kausalitas dan analitik. Keduanya merupakan salah satu strategi yang berpotensi memfasilitasi siswa untuk mengatasi kurang berkembangnya kemampuan pemecahan masalah fisika siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh proses berpikir kausalitik ber-scaffolding  terhadap kemampuan pemecahan-masalah (KPM) kalor pada siswa sekolah menengah atas (SMA). Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimental dengan desain non-equivalent control group design. Sampel diambil dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, sehingga diperoleh kelas X.1 (27) sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas X.2 (28) sebagai kelas kontrol. Data penelitian diperoleh dari tes KPM yang berbentuk essai. Data hasil dianalisis menggunakan uji-t polled varian dengan taraf signifikan 5% dan diperoleh nilai thitung(2.02) lebih besar dari ttable (2.00). Simpulan penilitian adalah bahwa proses berpikir kausalitik ber-scaffolding secara signifikan meningkatkan kemampuan-pemecahan-masalah siswa SMA pada materi kalor.
Analisis Interaksi Model Pembelajaran dan Berpikir Kritis Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Materi Pokok Suhu dan Perpindahan Kalor Kelas X Semester II SMA Negeri 16 Medan
Authors: Tarigan Ratelit
Published: February 2018

Abstract: The research aim is known influence of interaction between learning model and ability level of critical thinking from learning outcomes of physics. Type of this research is quasy experiment with two group pretest-posttest design. The population of this research are all the students X grades semester II, which consist of four classes with cluster random sampling which X-Mia3 as experiment class and X-Mia2 as controlling class. The instrument to take data of outcomes learning is essay test with 8 questions and test of critical thinking in essay in 10 questions. Both of questions are validated of 4 validations to resulting valid instrument. The instrument of learning outcomes which have valid applying for students before studying activity. In the start of study, the student is given critical thinking question and then analyzing the data, interaction between learning model and level of high ability critical thinking for outcomes learning of physics. In conclusion, model of learning more domain than level of outcomes learning ability to critical thinking.

 

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh intreaksi antara model pembelajaran dan tingkat kemampuan berpikir kritis tinggi terhadap hasil belajar fisika. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimen dengan two group pretest-posttest design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X semester II yang terdiri dari 4 kelas. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara cluster random sampling yaitu kelas X-Mia3 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas X-Mia2 sebagai kelas kontrol. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk pengambilan data hasil belajar dalam bentuk essay dengan jumlah 8 soal dan tes berpikir kritis dalam bentuk essay dengan jumlah 10 soal. Kedua soal divalidasi oleh 4 validator sehingga menghasilkan instrumen yang lebih valid. Instrumen tes hasil belajar yang sudah valid diterapkan terhadap siswa sebelum dilakukan kegitan belajar mengajar (ujiawal). Awal pembelajaran diberikan soal berpikir kritis, kemudian data tersebut dianalisis, menghasilkan terdapat interaksi antara model pembelajaran dan tingkat kemampuan berpikir kritis tinggi terhadap hasil belajar fisika. Dalam hal ini, model pembelajaran lebih dominan dibandingkan dengan tingkat kemampuan berpikir kritis terhadap hasil belajar siswa
Uji Homogenitas dan Stabilitas Suhu Mini Liquid Bath untuk Kalibrasi Termometer Digital Makanan
Authors: Indrayani Liza , Sasono Margi
Published: February 2018

Abstrak: Uji homogenitas dan stabilitas suhu di dalam Mini Liquid Bath untuk kalibrasi termometer digital dalam industri makanan atau Digital Food Thermometer telah dilakukan. Mini Liquid Bath yang akan diuji memiliki bentuk tabung silinder dengan diameter 6.5 cm dan tinggi 13.5 cm. Uji homogenitas suhu dilakukan pada gradien radial dan axial pada silinder bath dengan menggunakan 6 buah sensor termokopel dari sebuah termometer multi channel. Sementara itu, uji stabilitas suhu menggunakan sebuah termometer yang diletakkan pada titik tengah geometris di dalam bath selama beberapa waktu. Selanjutnya, hasil uji ini digunakan untuk menentukan nilai sumbangan ketidakpastian dalam proses kalibrasi termometer digital dengan cara-cara ISO-GUM (International Standardization Organization-Guide Uncertainty Measurement). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, kondisi stabil pada Mini Liquid Bath diperoleh yaitu pada titik suhu rendah berkisar  dengan ketidakpastian dan suhu tinggi berkisar  dengan ketidakpastian  Hasil uji homogenitas, pada suhu rendah diperoleh ketidakpastian sebesar  dan suhu tinggi diperoleh ketidakpastian . Hasil kalibrasi termometer digital dengan menggunakan Mini Liquid Bath tersebut diperoleh koreksi  untuk suhu rendah dengan ketidakpastian sebesar . Sementara itu, untuk suhu tinggi diperoleh koreksi  dengan ketidakpastian sebesar . Hasil kalibrasi ini dilaporkan dengan tingkat kepercayaan  dan faktor cakupan . Dari hasil tersebut, menunjukkan bahwa pada kalibrasi titik suhu rendah, ketidakpastian pengukuran sangat besar. Hal ini diduga akibat kontribusi signifikan ketidakpastian homogenitas dan stabilitas suhu pada titik suhu rendah.
Penerapan Metode Inkuiri Terbimbing Berbantukan Modul pada Materi Alat Optik Terhadap Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa SMP dalam Ranah Kognitif
Authors: Yuliana Tria , Handhika Jeffry , Huriawati Farida
Published: February 2018

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan hasil belajar IPA fisika dengan menggunakan metode inkuiri terbimbing berbantukan modul. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Quasi Eksperiment dengan desain One-Group Pretest-Postest Design . Populasi penelitian ini adalah kelas VIII SMPN 1 Puhpelem, dan sampel yang digunakan yaitu siswa kelas VIII A yang berjumlah 24 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu modul dan soal tes pilihan ganda yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Teknik analisis data yaitu analisis kuantitatif melalui perhitungan N-Gain untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dalam ranah kognitif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan metode pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing dengan berbantukan modul dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Hasil belajar yang diteliti yaitu kategori C1 sampai C4. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan hasil belajar tertinggi terdapat pada kategori C2. Secara keseluruhan hasil belajar diperoleh N-Gain sebesar 0,67 dengan kategori sedang.
REMOTE SENSING, VISUALIZATION AND MODELING OF THE DIAMOND COAL MINE IN HAZLETON, PA
Authors:   U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Philadelphia District,  Philadelphia, PA 10107, Sirkis Daniel
Published: February 2018

Abstract: More than two hundred homes in Hazleton, Pa. were found to have benzene vapors (a known carcinogen) from one of the largest underground gasoline storage tank spills in PA history. Remediating this site became the number one priority of USEPA Region III (EPA). A relic underground coal mine situated along a 3000 ft long plunging syncline beneath the Laurel Gardens neighborhood complicated site geology. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) determined if air filled mine voids existed and contained gasoline and gasoline vapors. The plan called for four study phases: Determining the mine location, Visualizing the geology and water table, Modeling mine pool effects on plume behaviors, and Field sampling to verify study results. Mine Location: GIS was used to georeference and compare a 19th century mine map of unknown datum and coordinate system with old aerial photos, boreholes data and microgravity survey results. Extremely accurate location of the mine was critical for locating potential gas filled voids. Visualization: A three dimensional geologic model was constructed from the GIS data and available site data depicting the relationship between site geology, the mine void, the mine pool elevation and the surrounding groundwater table. This predicted air filled mine voids in the upper areas of the syncline. Modeling: A finite element groundwater model (FEMWATER) was developed to study mine pool effects on gasoline plume movements. Two different approaches were compared for modeling the mine pool. In one approach the mine void was modeled as high conductivity aquifer. In the adopted approach, it was modeled as an interior boundary with assigned heads. The model showed dissolved gasoline contaminants migrating to the mine. Field Sampling: Using the gravity data and 3 dimensional mine model, several target areas for drilling were identified. Gas vapor explosion was a concern during drilling. The drilling plan incorporating the use of on-demand nitrogen gas connected to a drill rig. A gas filled mine void was encountered and an aqueous sample confirmed gasoline contamination in the mine.
GEOCHEMICAL CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF MINE WATER QUALITY WITHIN THE MONONGAHELA BASIN
Authors:   West Virginia Water Research Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6064, Stiles James M.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The objective of this research was to conduct a cluster analysis of mean water quality data of 1,624 samples collected from 84 mine discharge sites within the Monongahela River basin over a 10 year period. This analysis produced four basic clusters. These four clusters were distinguished primarily by three factors: total dissolved solids, degree of acid neutralization, and mine discharge maturity. Most of the mine discharge sites (84%) were classified into a single cluster by the level one cluster analysis. Most of the discharges in this dominant grouping were older discharges from mines abandoned more than 15 years prior to discharge sampling. The discharges in the other three level one clusters exhibiting higher TDS levels tended to be more acidic and also to be from active mines, mines in the process of flooding, or mines flooded for less than 15 years Future research should be devoted towards identifying the discharge maturity and flooding status of the various mine sites within the dataset, as well as the coal seam and overburden characteristics. The identification of these characteristics for all of the mine discharge sites would permit the analysis of separate datasets with comparable characteristics. Abstract. The objective of this research was to conduct a cluster analysis of mean water quality data of 1,624 samples collected from 84 mine discharge sites within the Monongahela River basin over a 10 year period. This analysis produced four basic clusters. These four clusters were distinguished primarily by three factors: total dissolved solids, degree of acid neutralization, and mine discharge maturity. Most of the mine discharge sites (84%) were classified into a single cluster by the level one cluster analysis. Most of the discharges in this dominant grouping were older discharges from mines abandoned more than 15 years prior to discharge sampling. The discharges in the other three level one clusters exhibiting higher TDS levels tended to be more acidic and also to be from active mines, mines in the process of flooding, or mines flooded for less than 15 years Future research should be devoted towards identifying the discharge maturity and flooding status of the various mine sites within the dataset, as well as the coal seam and overburden characteristics. The identification of these characteristics for all of the mine discharge sites would permit the analysis of separate datasets with comparable characteristics.
The Medial Sural Artery Perforator Flap: The First Choice for Soft-Tissue Reconstruction About the Knee
Authors: Ling Barbara M. , Wettstein Reto , Staub Daniel , Schaefer Dirk J. , Kalbermatten Daniel F.
Published: February 2018

Background:

The gastrocnemius muscle flap may be considered the first choice in many cases of soft-tissue reconstruction about the knee. Limited arc of rotation and reach of the flap as well as unsightly muscle bulk are major disadvantages and were the impetus to look for a local alternative. The aim of this study is to present a consecutive series of patients with a reconstruction about the knee involving the medial sural artery perforator flap (MSAPF).

Methods:

A consecutive series of 17 cases of defect reconstructions about the knee using the MSAPF is described, with an emphasis on early postoperative complications.

Results:

No major flap-related complications occurred except 1 case of tip necrosis that healed uneventfully after excision and secondary suture. Two patients with direct donor-site closure had a minor complication that required no revision, and 2 had partial skin-graft loss.

Conclusions:

In summary, use of this pedicled perforator flap represents a reliable technique for soft-tissue reconstruction about the knee with an acceptable complication rate and optimal contour reconstruction without the need for a skin graft and secondary debulking procedures. The range of motion associated with the MSAPF in comparison to the range associated with the gastrocnemius muscle flap is increased so that more proximal and lateral defects can be covered.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Digital Radiography in Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Penenberg Brad L. , Samagh Sanjum P. , Rajaee Sean S. , Woehnl Antonia , Brien William W.
Published: February 2018

Background:

Obtaining the ideal acetabular cup position in total hip arthroplasty remains a challenge. Advancements in digital radiography and image analysis software allow the assessment of the cup position during the surgical procedure. This study describes a validated technique for evaluating cup position during total hip arthroplasty using digital radiography.

Methods:

Three hundred and sixty-nine consecutive patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty were prospectively enrolled. Preoperative supine anteroposterior pelvic radiographs were made. Intraoperative anteroposterior pelvic radiographs were made with the patient in the lateral decubitus position. Radiographic beam angle adjustments and operative table adjustments were made to approximate rotation and tilt of the preoperative radiograph. The target for cup position was 30° to 50° abduction and 15° to 35° anteversion. Intraoperative radiographic measurements were calculated and final cup position was determined after strict impingement and range-of-motion testing. Postoperative anteroposterior pelvic radiographs were made. Two independent observers remeasured all abduction and anteversion angles.

Results:

Of the cups, 97.8% were placed within 30° to 50° of abduction, with a mean angle (and standard deviation) of 39.5° ± 4.6°. The 2.2% of cups placed outside the target zone were placed so purposefully on the basis of intraoperative range-of-motion testing and patient factors, and 97.6% of cups were placed between 15° and 35° of anteversion, with a mean angle of 26.6° ± 4.7°. Twenty-eight percent of cups were repositioned on the basis of intraoperative measurements. Subluxation during range-of-motion testing occurred in 3% of hips despite acceptable measurements, necessitating cup repositioning. There was 1 early anterior dislocation.

Conclusions:

Placing the acetabular component within a target range is a critical component to minimizing dislocation and polyethylene wear in total hip arthroplasty. Using digital radiography, we positioned the acetabular component in our desired target zone in 97.8% of cases and outside the target zone, purposefully, in 2.2% of cases. When used in conjunction with strict impingement testing, digital radiography allows for predictable cup placement in total hip arthroplasty.