bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge mapping and research trends of stem cell in wound healing: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Sun Nianzhe , Sun Yu , Xing Yixuan , Xu Laiyu , Chen Zijie , Qing Liming , Wu Panfeng , Tang Juyu
Published: February 2024

Wound nonhealing is a common and difficult problem in clinic. Stem cells are pluripotent cells, and their undifferentiated and self‐replicating characteristics have attracted much attention in the regenerative medicine‐related researches. New treatment approaches might result from an understanding of the function of stem cells in wound healing. Using bibliometric techniques, this study proposed to analyse the research status, hotspots, and research trends in stem cell and wound healing. By using the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC), we conducted an in‐depth review of publications on stem cells in wound healing from 1999 to 2023. We used scientometric analysis methods to examine annual trends, institutions, countries, journals, authors, keywords, co‐occurrence references and their closed relationship, revealing present hotspots and potential future advancements in this field. We analysed 19 728 English studies and discovered a consistent rise in annual publications. The United States and China were the two countries with the most publications. The most three influential institutions in the field were Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Sun Yat‐sen University, and University of Pittsburgh. International Journal of Molecular Sciences and Biomaterials were considered the most influential journals in this field. International Journal of Molecular Sciences had the most publications, and the most quantity of citations and the highest H‐index were found in Biomaterials. The dual‐map overlay revealed that publications in Molecular/Biology/Genetics and Health/Nursing/Medicine co‐cited journals received the majority of the citations for studies from Molecular/Biology/Immunology and Medicine/Medical/Clinical. In terms of publication production and influence, Fu X stood out among the authors, and Pittenger MF took the top spot in co‐citations. According to the keywords from the analysis, future research should concentrate on the mechanisms through which stem cells promote wound healing. We conducted a thorough analysis of the general information, knowledge base and research hotspots in the field of stem cells and wound healing from 1999 to 2023 by using the VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and other bibliometric analysis tools. It not only provided valuable insights for scholars, but also served as a reliable reference that drives further development in the field and stimulates the interest of researchers.
Comparing the Waterlow and Jackson/Cubbin pressure injury risk scales in intensive care units: A multi‐centre study
Authors: Yang Qiuxia , Yang Zhuang , Lv Lin , Zhang Hongyan , Tao Hongxia , Pei Juhong , Ma Yuxia , Han Lin
Published: February 2024

To compare the predictive properties of the Jackson/Cubbin scale and Waterlow scales in intensive care unit patients. A multi‐centre study. This study was conducted between April 2021 and February 2023 in 72 intensive care units of 38 tertiary hospitals in Gansu Province, China. All adults admitted to the intensive care unit for 24 hours or more without pressure injury on admission were screened using the Waterlow scale and Jackson/Cubbin scales in intensive care. Additionally, the negative predictive value, positive predictive value, sensitivity, specificity and receiver operating characteristic curve with area under the curve of the Waterlow scale and Cubbin/Jackson scales were determined. The participant population for this study included 6203 patients. Predictive properties for the Jackson/Cubbin scales and Waterlow scales, respectively, were as follows: Cut‐off scores, 28 versus 22; AUC, 0.859 versus 0.64; sensitivity, 92.4% versus 51.9%; specificity, 67.26% versus 71.46%; positive predictive value, 35% versus 23%; negative predictive value, 99.9% versus 99.1%. Both Waterlow scales and Jackson/Cubbin scales could predict pressure injury risk for patients in the intensive care unit. However, the Jackson/Cubbin scale demonstrated superior predictive properties than the Waterlow scale.
Enhancing wound recovery in chemotherapy‐induced leukopenia for malignant tumours: A meta‐analysis of acupuncture treatment efficacy
Authors: Wang Haoyang , Pan Junying , Tan Zengde , Zhang Mingming
Published: February 2024

This meta‐analysis study aimed to assess the effectiveness of acupuncture in enhancing wound recovery in patients experiencing leukopenia following chemotherapy for malignant tumours. A comprehensive search was conducted to collect randomized controlled trials and observational studies focusing on leukopenia post‐chemotherapy in malignant tumour patients. Data analysis was performed using Revman 5.3 software. Eleven articles were included, encompassing 957 patients. The meta‐analysis revealed that, compared with control groups, patients receiving acupuncture showed a significantly higher total effectiveness rate (p < 0.05). Subgroup analysis indicated superior outcomes in groups receiving acupuncture combined with moxibustion (p < 0.05) and acupuncture combined with Western medicine (p < 0.05), with the former outperforming the latter. Notably, acupuncture was found to improve white blood cell (WBC) counts on 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days post‐treatment, with significant differences compared with control groups. These improvements were time dependent and more pronounced than in control groups. Acupuncture demonstrated significant, time‐dependent capability to enhance wound recovery in leukopenia following chemotherapy for malignant tumours. The combination of acupuncture and moxibustion was found to be more effective than acupuncture combined with Western medicine. This study highlighted the potential of acupuncture as a complementary therapy in managing chemotherapy‐induced leukopenia, contributing positively to the wound healing process in cancer patients.
Effects of exercise in treating patients with venous leg ulcers: An umbrella review
Authors: Shen Min , Xing Mengzhen , Jiang Hehe , Zhang Linlin , Chen Chen , Ma Yuning , Ma Yuxia
Published: February 2024

Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) represent a substantial challenge within the healthcare landscape, thereby necessitating efficacious therapeutic strategies. Exercise has been investigated as a prospective intervention to bolster the management of VLUs. The objective of this comprehensive review is to systematically scrutinize and appraise the extant body of evidence pertaining to the impact of exercise on the treatment of patients diagnosed with VLUs. A comprehensive literature search was executed across multiple databases, encompassing PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar. The methodological rigour was evaluated utilizing the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR‐2) instrument, while the quality of the evidence was appraised via the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) classification system. The relative efficacy of exercise interventions on outcomes related to VLUs, including rates of wound healing, total range of motion in the ankle joint, and adherence rates, was synthesized. Data were consolidated employing fixed‐effects models, and the impact of exercise on these outcomes was visually represented through the use of forest plots. The methodological foundation of this investigation comprised four systematic reviews and meta‐analyses, each characterized by an intermediate level of methodological rigour and evidence quality. Subsequent analyses revealed that exercise interventions exert a multifaceted and favourable impact on the therapeutic landscape of VLUs. These interventions distinctly contribute to the enhancement of wound healing rates (risk difference 0.17, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06–0.28) and the extension of ankle range of motion (mean difference [MD] 6.10, 95% CI: 4.61–7.59). Furthermore, Pooled adherence rate was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.20–2.45) with no significant heterogeneity. In conclusion, although existing evidence supports the positive impact of exercise training on VLUs, higher‐quality research is still needed to deepen our understanding of its effects and provide more specific guidance for clinical practice.
RETRACTED: Effects of comprehensive nursing intervention in patients with diabetic foot ulcers: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Feng Yong‐Li , Yu Li
Published: February 2024

This study systematically evaluates the impact of comprehensive nursing interventions on the treatment efficacy for patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Utilizing computerized searches of databases including PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang databases, we identified randomized controlled trials pertaining to this topic, with the search timeframe extending to May 2023. Two independent researchers screened the literature, extracted data and conducted a quality assessment. Data analysis was performed using Stata 17.0 software. A total of 17 randomized controlled trials, encompassing 1306 patients with diabetic foot ulcers, were included in this analysis. The analysis revealed that the application of comprehensive nursing interventions significantly reduced the wound healing time in patients with diabetic foot ulcers (standard mean difference [SMD] = −2.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −3.05 to −1.83, P < 0.001). Additionally, there was a notable enhancement in nursing satisfaction (odds ratio [OR] = 7.54, 95% CI: 3.99–14.26, P < 0.001) and the overall treatment efficacy rate (OR = 6.97, 95% CI: 3.32–14.60, P < 0.001). This study demonstrates that comprehensive nursing interventions significantly shorten the wound healing time in patients with diabetic foot ulcers, enhance clinical nursing satisfaction and improve the overall efficacy of treatment. These findings underscore the value of such interventions for widespread clinical application.
Bandgap engineering—Influence of the evolution of (Zn/Mg)Al2O4:Cr3+ spinel phosphors on the photoluminescence properties
Authors: Qiang Ming , Yin Xiaomeng , Tang Yang , Xu Xueke , Lin Hui , Zhang Dawei
Published: February 2024

As a luminescent center ion in materials for deep red and near‐infrared light, Cr3+ has been extensively studied in octahedral host materials. In this study, using zinc aluminate (ZnAl2O4) and magnesium aluminate (MgAl2O4) spinels with abundant octahedra as substrates, a series of Zn1−xMgxAl2O4:0.5%Cr3+ (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1) fluorescent powders were first prepared via a high‐temperature solid‐state method. The influence of different Mg/Zn ratios on (Zn/Mg)Al2O4:0.5%Cr3+ optical properties was thoroughly explored. Experimental results show that an increase in the Mg/Zn ratio reduces the crystal field strength (Dq) and leads to distortion of the [AlO6] octahedra, resulting in broadening of the photoluminescence emission spectrum. Furthermore, the addition of Mg gradually reduces the formation of inverse spinel. An appropriate Mg/Zn ratio can improve luminescent intensity and quantum efficiency. In summary, this paper, through bandgap engineering by adjusting the Mg/Zn ratio, provides a detailed account of the changes in optical properties and the underlying mechanisms during the transition from ZnAl2O4:0.5%Cr3+ to MgAl2O4:0.5%Cr3+ spinels. It offers valuable insights for further research on the practical applications of Cr3+ in areas such as lighting displays and bioimaging.
Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of palm waste extract against Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Authors: Nasmia Nasmia , Serdiati Novalina , Tahya Akbar Marzuki , Safir Muhammad
Published: February 2024

Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio parahaemolyticus are species of the Vibrio genus that often cause disease and mass mortality in crustaceans. If not handled quickly and appropriately, these diseases can cause considerable losses to farmers. Therefore, it is necessary to find a solution with safe and environmentally friendly disease prevention technology using natural ingredients, among others from plants, namely oil palm. Some parts of oil palm, namely leaves, fronds, fibres and oil palm pulp, which are palm waste, contain antibacterial compounds. This study aimed to assess the antibacterial activity of palm waste extracts, namely pulp, leaves, fronds and fibres using n‐hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, ethanol and water maceration solvents against pathogenic bacteria V. harveyi and V. parahaemolyticus, and identify active compounds contained in palm waste. The results of the research are expected to produce innovative and sustainable solutions to control diseases in shrimp farming, contribute to the development of a sustainable fishing industry and open up the potential for utilizing palm waste as a value‐added resource in the field of aquatic health. The results of observations on antibacterial activity tests and identifying the content of palm waste extract compounds were analysed descriptively displayed in the form of figures, tables and graphs. The results showed that palm waste extracts (pulp, leaves, fronds and fibres) with ethyl acetate and ethanol maceration solvents had very strong antibacterial potential, namely 20.14 ± 0.31 mm–25.52 ± 1.42 mm on V. harveyi bacteria and 20.41 ± 0.55 mm–25.00 ± 0.51 mm on V. parahaemolyticus bacteria. Palm extracts with n‐hexane (>20 mm) and chloroform solvents generally have strong category antibacterial potential (10–20 mm), and palm extracts in water solvents have medium category potential (5–10 mm) against V. harveyi and V. parahemolyticus bacteria. The results of phytochemical tests on palm waste extracts with ethyl acetate and ethanol maceration solvents contain bioactive compounds of flavonoids, saponins, polyphenols and alkaloid tannins, steroids and triterpenoids. Palm extracts with n‐hexane and chloroform solvents generally contain saponins, alkaloids, steroids and triterpenoids, while palm waste extracts with water solvents contain saponins.
Learning from the experience of dementia care for nursing home residents during the pandemic
Authors: Unroe Kathleen T. , Towsley Gail L.
Published: February 2024

This editorial comments on the article by Gadbois et al. in this issue.
Efficacy of ceramides and niacinamide‐containing moisturizer versus hydrophilic cream in combination with topical anti‐acne treatment in mild to moderate acne vulgaris: A split face, double‐blinded, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tempark Therdpong , Shem Andrew , Lueangarun Suparuj
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Topical therapy is the mainstay treatment of acne, and topical retinoids such as tretinoin, tazarotene, and adapalene are recommended as the first‐line therapy for mild to moderate acne. However, the cutaneous irritations may occur, and the dermocosmetics are recommended to prevent side effects of anti‐acne drugs and adhere to treatment. Thus, this study aims to compare the efficacy and tolerability of ceramides and niacinamide‐containing moisturizer (CCM) versus hydrophilic cream in combination with topical anti‐acne treatment in mild to moderate acne vulgaris.

Methods

This was an 8‐week, randomized, double‐blinded, split face study in 40 patients assigned for topical anti‐acne medications (5% benzoyl peroxide and 0.1% adapalene gel), then randomly applied CCM or hydrophilic cream. All patients were followed at week 0, 2, 4, and 8 for acne improvement, adverse reactions, biometric, and biophysical evaluation.

Results

CCM could significantly improve the non‐inflammatory, inflammatory, and total acne lesions compared with hydrophilic cream after week 8 of treatment. Interestingly, there was an improvement of global worst score, hemoglobin index, melanin index, TEWL, skin hydration, sebum production, and skin surface pH, with no statistically significant differences between the two treatments. No serious side effects from clinical application of CCM and hydrophilic cream in mild to moderate acne vulgaris patients.

Conclusion

Ceramide and niacinamide‐containing moisturizer in combination with anti‐acne medication can significantly improve acne lesions and decrease cutaneous irritations toward a satisfactory treatment outcome of mild to moderate acne vulgaris.
Partially replacing plant protein sources with torula yeast in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) feed increases growth and factors related to immune status
Authors: Ekmay Ricardo D. , Plagnes‐Juan Elisabeth , Aguirre Pierre , Surget Anne , Terrier Frédéric , Frohn Laura , Skiba‐Cassy Sandrine
Published: February 2024

In this study, the impact of adding 10% or 20% torula yeast (PB TY10 and PB TY20) to a fishmeal‐free diet on digestibility and growth of juvenile rainbow trout was assessed. The yeast diets were compared with a plant‐only diet (PB) and a diet containing 20% fishmeal (FM). The apparent digestibility of dry matter, protein, energy, and ash of yeast in trout (~120 g) were 78.6%, 93.8%, 84.8%, and 48.7%, respectively. All PB diets had higher protein digestibility and PB TY20 had higher ash digestibility than the FM diet. To assess growth, trout (~44 g) were divided into triplicate tanks (30 per tank) and fed one of the four experimental diets for 12 weeks. The PB diet resulted in lower growth and daily feed intake (p < 0.05), but adding yeast significantly improved them. Final weight of PB TY10 did not differ significantly from that of FM. Expression of oclna and cldn15 in the proximal intestine increased in trout fed yeast (p < 0.05). Expression of tlr2, mcsfr, and tnfa, as well as the plasma lysozyme concentration, increased with PB TY20 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, torula yeast has the potential to improve the robustness and growth of rainbow trout in the context of fishmeal‐free diets.
Cheating is a professional identity formation problem
Authors: McOwen Katherine S.
Published: February 2024

.@kmcowen outlines how medical education could better support students connect their behavior during medical school to their future identities as physicians.
Large‐scale seismic soil–structure interaction analysis via efficient finite element modeling and multi‐GPU parallel explicit algorithm
Authors: Zhao Mi , Ding Qingpeng , Cao Shengtao , Li Zhishan , Du Xiuli
Published: February 2024

As urban population increases, integrated underground–aboveground complexes are being constructed at growing paces in major cities. The seismic analysis of such complexes is crucial for the safety and functionality in the threat of potential earthquake disasters. However, fine‐grained numerical modeling and analysis of such large and complex structures are still inefficient due to the consideration of the soil–structure interaction (SSI). To address this challenge, an efficient approach for numerical modeling of large‐scale seismic SSI analysis is presented in this paper to overcome the limitations of existing finite element analysis (FEA) software. Moreover, a multi‐graphic processing unit (GPU) parallel explicit algorithm is implemented for the nonlinear dynamic SSI problems to further increase the computational efficiency. A large underground–aboveground complex project in China is used as an example to demonstrate the capability of the integrated method. The accuracy and reliability of the multi‐GPU parallel explicit finite element algorithm for SSI analysis (GFEA‐SSIA) are verified through a comparative analysis of the linear‐elastic and nonlinear dynamic response of the building calculated by GFEA‐SSIA and common FEA software. Finally, the structural response and structural damage of the underground–aboveground complex are analyzed under multidirectional seismic motions, and the damage distributions of the structures are provided.
Primary intraventricular hemorrhage caused by Galen vein thrombosis in an elderly patient: A case report
Authors: Iwamoto Munenori , Shimatani Yoshimitsu , Takeda Yuki , Nagata Kakuya , Ishihara Hiroyuki
Published: February 2024

A 79‐year‐old man with a history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, vasospastic angina, and an abdominal aortic aneurysm was transferred to our hospital with headache and anorexia 3 days prior to presentation. Brain computed tomography (CT) revealed left‐dominant intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). T2*‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance venography revealed a low‐intensity lesion and a deficit, respectively, inside the vein of Galen, leading to the diagnosis of Galen vein thrombosis. Anticoagulants were administered. Consequently, his symptoms resolved, and brain CT revealed improvement in the IVH. Magnetic resonance venography confirmed the recanalization of the vein of Galen. Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), including Galen vein thrombosis, can cause primary IVH. In cases of primary IVH of unknown etiology, even in elderly patients, clinicians should suspect CVT and magnetic resonance imaging should be performed.
Three‐dimensional evaluation of secondary alveolar bone grafting in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate: A 2–3 year post‐operative follow‐up
Authors: Doucet Kaat , Shaheen Eman , Danneels Margaux , Dormaar Titiaan , Verdonck Anna , Willems Guy , Politis Constantinus , Jacobs Reinhilde , Cadenas de Llano‐Pérula Maria
Published: February 2024

Objectives

The present study aims to quantitatively assess secondary alveolar bone graft (SABG) resorption in unilateral cleft lip, alveolus and palate (UCLAP) patients in a 2–3 year longitudinal follow‐up setting by using a validated 3D protocol. Furthermore, the potential relation of SABG resorption with maxillary canine position and a number of patient‐related factors was investigated.

Methods

UCLAP patients who underwent SABG and had good quality CBCT images at the following timepoints were included in the study: pre‐operative (T0), immediate (T1), 6 months (T2) and either 1–2 years (T3) or 2–3 years (T4) post‐operative. The final bone grafted region was defined on the T1 scans and refined in the registered T0 scans. The bone graft after resorption was determined by applying threshold‐based segmentation on the registered T2, T3 or T4 scans within the segmented bone graft volume. The position of the canines was determined at every timepoint at the cleft and non‐cleft side.

Results

Forty‐five UCLAP patients (mean age 9.0 ± 1.3 years) were included. In the first 6 months after SABG, 43.6% bone resorption was recorded. 2–3 years post‐operative, 56% bone resorption was found if the maxillary canine was not yet erupted and 42.7% if it erupted through the graft. The vertical position of the canines was significantly higher on the cleft side at T3.

Conclusions

The present study reports significant SABG resorption over time. However, no correlation was found between SABG resorption and canine position, nor between other patient‐related factors.
Subtrochanteric Osteotomy in Direct Anterior Approach Total Hip Arthroplasty for Crowe IV Dysplasia—Surgical Technique and Literature Review
Authors: Lu Zhiming , Chen Qinghuang , Lan Yiping , Xie Shiwei , Lin Feitai , Feng Eryou
Published: February 2024

For Crowe IV dysplasia, the clinical efficacy and surgical technique of subtrochanteric osteotomy (SO) within the direct anterior approach total hip arthroplasty (DAA‐THA) was a subject of debate. This study aimed to describe the surgical technique and clinical outcomes in 11 cases of SO in DAA‐THA and to summarize the relevant literature on this topic. Between June 2016 and June 2023, we retrospectively evaluated patients diagnosed with Crowe IV hip dysplasia at our institution. Criteria identified 11 patients who underwent SO during DAA‐THA. Comprehensive data encompassing demographic information, radiological data, prosthetic implant type, and surgical intricacies were collected. In addition, an exhaustive review of existing case series literature was undertaken utilizing the PubMed databases. There were no revisions, deaths, dislocations, or infections. One hip (9.09%) had an intraoperative proximal split fracture, two hips (18.2%) had lower limb deep vein thrombosis, and one hip (9.09%) had symptoms of femoral nerve injury. Radiological data showed improved bilateral femoral offset, leg length discrepancy, and anatomical acetabular. During the mean follow‐up of 2.18(1.06‐2.46) years, patients demonstrated enhanced functional outcomes, with average changes of 25.2 in the Harris hip score and 47 in the WOMAC score. Reviewing the literature, most studies have favored S‐ROM prostheses and transverse osteotomy techniques. Intraoperative fractures were notably frequent, with rates peaking at 25%. Nonunion and nerve injury were secondary common complications. SO via DAA‐THA may offer satisfactory clinical and radiographic outcomes, but the literature review underscores the need for heightened awareness of intraoperative fracture risk. Proximal detachment of the vastus intermedius plays a pivotal role in SO exposure through the DAA.
The use of Community/Public Health Nursing Competencies during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Smith Diane L. , Klein Kayla , Smith Martha
Published: February 2024

Objectives

(1) Ascertain the use of the Quad Council Competencies for Community/Public Health Nursing (QCC‐C/PHN) Competencies by community/public health nurses (C/PHNs) during the COVID‐19 pandemic; (2) Inform from a systems‐level the need to sustain the C/PHN workforce; (3) Assess the C/PHN infrastructure for response capacity.

Design

Cross‐sectional. Statewide email distribution lists were used for dissemination.

Sample

Convenience sample (n = 169) obtained using emailed Qualtrics link with the eligibility criteria of self‐identification as a C/PHN who works in the state of Missouri.

Measurements

Demographic questions included employment sector, nursing education level, years of nursing, and C/PHN experience. Two Likert‐type questions and one optional open‐text question were created for the eight domains.

Results

One hundred sixty‐nine participants’ data were analyzed. One hundred fifty‐four were employed in a local public health agency. Total 63.2% held a bachelor's degree in nursing or higher. The average number of years of nurse experience was 20.84, and C/PHN experience was 9.84. The domain of Communication Skills scored highest and Cultural Competency was the lowest. Three themes emerged from the open‐ended questions including vulnerabilities of the public health system.

Conclusion

Understanding the experiences of C/PHNs in Missouri related to the utilization of QCC‐C/PHN competencies informs efforts to strengthen public health infrastructure and target resources to equip Missouri's C/PHNs.
An evaluation of societal perception of monkeypox in terms of disease anxiety and stress levels: A Turkish sample
Authors: Yeşiltepe Akgün , ÇAL Ayşe
Published: February 2024

Objective

The purpose of this research was to examine community perception of monkeypox in terms of epidemic anxiety and stress levels.

Methods

This research was performed as a descriptive, cross‐sectional study. The research was conducted with 1001 individuals between September and December 2022. AMOS 24, JAMOVI, and SPSS version 25 software were employed. The data were collected using a descriptive form, the Epidemic Anxiety Scale, and the Perceived Stress Scale.

Results

The mean Epidemic Anxiety Scale score was 52.47 ± 14.52, and the mean Perceived Stress Scale score was 41.88 ± 6.83. Significant positive correlation was determined between the Epidemic Anxiety Scale and the Perceived Stress Scale (r = 0.350, p = .000). A one‐unit increase in perceived stress caused a 0.360 increase in epidemic anxiety (ß = 0.360). In addition, having heard of and fearing monkeypox, thinking about its ability to cause an epidemic, and perceived stress emerged as significant predictors of epidemic anxiety.

Conclusion

The community was found to exhibit a moderate level of epidemic anxiety and a low level of perceived stress. Epidemic anxiety levels increased in line with perceived stress levels. We recommend that individuals in need receive support by determining epidemic anxiety and perceived stress levels in the community.
The longitudinal relationship between levels of cognitively stimulating leisure activity and positive and negative affect among older adults with MCI
Authors: Lee Jungjoo , Kim Junhyoung , Valdivia Dubravka Svetina
Published: February 2024

Background

The purpose of this study was to investigate the longitudinal relationship between different levels of cognitively stimulating leisure activity (CSLA) participation and different levels of positive and negative affect among older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods

Using a repeated‐measured multivariate analysis of covariance (RM‐MANCOVA), this study analyzed the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) data from 2012 to 2020 (N = 5932).

Results

The results presented the following. (a) The high CSLA group showed higher positive affect and lower negative affect than the mid and low groups. Also, the mid‐CSLA group presented higher positive affect and lower negative affect than the low CSLA group. (b) Both positive and negative affect showed significant differences between years and indicated a continuously declining slope year by year without exceptions. (c) The high CSLA group not only presented higher positive affect and lower negative affect during the period but also solely showed a rebounding feature in the declining slope on both emotions.

Conclusions

The findings of this study provide valuable support for the design and implementation of CSLA participation programs and clinical guidelines for older adults with MCI. The results highlight the importance of determining the optimal level of CSLA engagement that is required to promote emotional health and cognitive function in this population. Healthcare professionals and clinical practitioners can leverage the insights gained from this study to develop and deliver effective CSLA interventions tailored to the specific needs and capacities of older adults with MCI.
In situ sulfur isotope analysis of pyrite from the Ezuri Kuroko‐type volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit, northeastern Japan: Contribution of microbial sulfate reduction to initial sulfide mineralization
Authors: Nozaki Tatsuo , Nagase Toshiro , Ushikubo Takayuki , Shimizu Kenji , Komuro Kosei
Published: February 2024

Volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits are ancient analogues of seafloor massive sulfide (SMS) deposits. The importance and contribution of microbial activity during initial mineralization has recently been recognized in both VMS and SMS deposits. Here, we report in situ sulfur isotope compositions (δ34S) of pyrite from the Ezuri Kuroko‐type VMS deposit in northeastern Japan as determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry. During the evolutionary process of sulfide mineralization, pyrite textures changed from framboidal to colloform to euhedral. Initial framboidal pyrite had highly negative δ34S values down to −31.8‰ (average ± 1SD = −18.8‰ ± 13.0‰; n = 21), banded colloform pyrite exhibited medium δ34S values (−11.7‰ ± 10.4‰; n = 8), and euhedral pyrite displayed the highest average δ34S value of +2.7‰ ± 1.6‰ (n = 5); thus, δ34S varied as different textures of pyrite were produced during mineralization. The maximum isotopic fractionation between framboidal pyrite and past seawater sulfate (δ34S ca. +20‰) is −52‰; such values can be produced only by microbial sulfate reduction (MSR) in an open system. Framboidal pyrite with a low δ34S value is observed at the centers of sulfide‐rich areas within polished sections and has often been replaced by later sulfide minerals (sphalerite, galena, and chalcopyrite); thus, our S isotope data from the Ezuri pyrite reveal that sulfur derived from MSR induced and acted as a nucleation point for later sulfide mineral growth. Combined with previously reported data, our results endorse the importance and universality of MSR‐derived sulfur during the initial mineralization stage of both VMS and SMS deposits.
How do we achieve blinding in modern electronic and paper medical records during the conduct of transfusion trials?
Authors: Santos Sean , Gupta Akash , Tinmouth Alan , Butt Amir , Berry Brian , Musuka Charles , Cserti‐Gazdewich Christine , Leung Elaine , Duncan Jennifer , Mack Johnathan , Yan Matthew T. S. , Bahmanyar Mohammad , Shehata Nadine , Prokopchuk‐Gauk Oksana , Onell Rodrigo , Nahirniak Susan , Covello Thomas , Lin Yulia , Solh Ziad , Callum Jeannie , Shih Andrew W.
Published: February 2024

Background

Regulatory aspects of transfusion medicine add complexity in blinded transfusion trials when considering various electronic record keeping software and blood administration processes. The aim of this study is to explore strategies when blinding transfusion components and products in paper and electronic medical records.

Methods

Surveys were collected and interviews were conducted for 18 sites across various jurisdictions in North America to determine solutions applied in previous transfusion randomized control trials.

Results

Sixteen responses were collected of which 11 had previously participated in a transfusion randomized control trial. Various solutions were reported which were specific to the laboratory information system (LIS) and electronic medical record (EMR) combinations although solutions could be grouped into four categories which included the creation of a study product code in the LIS, preventing the transmission of data from the LIS to the EMR, utilizing specialized stickers and labels to conceal product containers and documents in the paper records, and modified bedside procedures and documentation.

Discussion

LIS and EMR combinations varied across sites, so it was not possible to determine combination‐specific solutions. The study was able to highlight solutions that may be emphasized in future iterations of LIS and EMR software as well as procedural changes that may minimize the risk of unblinding.
The safety of ABO minor incompatible platelets transfusions using a rapid infuser
Authors: Jung Yujung , Luo Oscar , Sen Nina , Li Flora M. , Hasan Rida A. , Hess Aaron S. , Hess John R. , Sabath Daniel E. , Tsang Hamilton C. , Pagano Monica B.
Published: February 2024

Background

Administering platelets through a rapid infuser is proven to be safe. However, the clinical significance of infusing ABO‐incompatible platelets with red blood cells (RBCs) in a rapid infuser remains unclear. There is a theoretical risk that isoagglutinin in the plasma of a platelet unit can interact with RBCs and induce hemolysis.

Materials and Methods

Seven in vitro studies were performed including five cases (type A RBCs and type O platelets) and two controls (type A RBCs and platelets). Anti‐A titers were measured in platelet units. An RBC unit and a platelet unit were mixed in the rapid infuser reservoir and incubated for 30 min. The primary outcome was the presence of hemolysis based on the following parameters: free hemoglobin concentration, hemolysis check, direct antiglobulin test (DAT), and direct agglutination.

Results

The post‐mix DAT was positive for IgG in all test samples (5/5), and weakly positive for complement in 3/5. The changes in free Hb in test cases between measured and calculated post‐mix spanned −2.2 to +3.4 mg/dL. Post‐mix hemolysis check was negative in 3/5 and slightly positive in 2/5 cases, with no significant differences compared to the control case. Anti‐A titers ranged from 16 to 512 and were not associated with hemolysis. All samples were negative for direct agglutination.

Conclusion

Our study suggested that mixing ABO‐incompatible platelets with RBCs in a rapid infuser does not induce in vitro hemolysis. These findings support the use of rapid infusers regardless of platelet compatibility in support of hemostatic resuscitation.
Lie theory and cohomology of relative Rota–Baxter operators
Authors: Jiang Jun , Sheng Yunhe , Zhu Chenchang
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we establish a local Lie theory for relative Rota–Baxter operators of weight 1. First we recall the category of relative Rota–Baxter operators of weight 1 on Lie algebras and construct a cohomology theory for them. We use the second cohomology group to study infinitesimal deformations of relative Rota–Baxter operators and modified ‐matrices. Then we introduce a cohomology theory of relative Rota–Baxter operators on a Lie group. We construct the differentiation functor from the category of relative Rota–Baxter operators on Lie groups to that on Lie algebras, and extend it to the cohomology level by proving the Van Est theorem between the two cohomology theories. We integrate a relative Rota–Baxter operator of weight 1 on a Lie algebra to a local relative Rota–Baxter operator on the corresponding Lie group, and show that the local integration and differentiation are adjoint to each other. Finally, we give two applications of our integration of Rota–Baxter operators: one is to give an explicit formula for the factorization problem, and the other is to provide an integration for matched pairs.
Experimental Investigation of Part Load Vortex Rope Mitigation With Rod Protrusion in an Axial Turbine
Authors: Shiraghaee Shahab , Sundstrom Joel , Raisee Mehrdad , Cervantes Michel J.
Published: February 2024

The present paper investigates the rotating vortex rope (RVR) mitigation on an axial turbine model by the radial protrusion of four cylindrical rods into the draft tube. RVR mitigation is of particular interest due to the unfavorable pressure pulsations it induces in the hydraulic circuit that can affect turbine life and performance. The protrusion lengths, which were the same among the four rods, were varied according to a predefined sequence. The experiments were performed under four part-load regimes ranging from upper part load to deep part load. Time-resolved pressure measurements were conducted at two sections on the draft tube wall along with high-speed videography and efficiency measurement to investigate the effect of the mitigation technique on the RVR characteristics and turbine performance. The recorded pressure data were decomposed and studied through spectral analyses, phase-averaging, and statistical analyses of the RVR frequency and peak-to-peak pressure amplitude distributions. The results showed different levels of pressure amplitude mitigation ranging from approximately 10% to 85% depending on the operating condition, protrusion length, and the method of analysis. The hydraulic efficiency of the turbine decreased by a maximum of 3.5% that of the best efficiency point (BEP) with the implementation of the mitigation technique. The variations in the obtained mitigation levels and efficiencies depending on protrusion length and operating condition indicate the need for the implementation of a feedback-loop controller. Thus, the protrusion length can be actively optimized based on the desired mitigation target.
Revisiting the Application of Machine Learning in Micrometoroid and Orbital Debris Protection and Risk Assessment
Authors: Ryan Shannon , Sushma Neeraj Mohan , Rana Santu , Venkatesh Svetha
Published: February 2024

At the 2012 Hypervelocity Impact Symposium we demonstrated the utility of artificial neural networks (ANNs) for predicting the outcome of micrometeoroid and orbital debris (MMOD) impact on a Whipple shield at hypervelocity [1]. We established that machine learning (ML) techniques like ANN are well suited to high dimensionality problems like MMOD impact for which the impact mechanics and material behaviours are highly complex. Indeed, when trained on a database of more than 1000 hypervelocity impact experiments, the ANN had a higher perforation/non-perforation classification accuracy than the state-of-the-art, semi-analytical ballistic limit equation [2] (92% vs. 71%), and could replicate phenomenological features in the shatter regime after [3] that were not considered in the BLE due to their complexity. Follow-on studies demonstrated that other ML techniques such as support vector machines (SVMs) could provide comparable results to the ANN, albeit with different strengths and weaknesses [4], and that these ML models could be utilized to both identify their areas of predictive uncertainty and improve the shield design process [5].
Modeling linear and nonlinear rheology of industrial incompatible polymer blends
Authors: Zhao Xinyang , Li Benke , Liu Sijun , Peng Li , Huang Xianbo , Yu Wei
Published: February 2024

The ability to accurately predict the rheological behavior of the blends of two incompatible polymers is critical to the polymer industry. The constitutive modeling of incompatible polymer blends requires understanding the structure and dynamics of the blends across different length scales. The polydispersity of chain length at the molecular level and nonuniformity of flow field due to dispersed domains at the mesoscopic level present significant challenges to this industrially relevant problem. This work proposes a modeling framework for linear and nonlinear rheology of industrial incompatible polymer blends with sea-island morphology. For the individual components, we adopt the Rolie-Double-Poly model and generate the relaxation spectrum from an optimized molecular weight distribution. We derive a new mixing rule without empirical parameters from the flow field analysis inside and outside the droplets. The phase interface, modeled by an ellipsoidal model, contributes to the apparent rheology only at low shear rates. Our modeling approach is verified by the shear and extensional rheology of eight polymer blends with a broad range of viscosity ratios (0.01–100). We also show that the model has the ability to predict the nonlinear rheological behaviors of incompatible polymer blends with known molecular weight distributions and phase morphology.
On the Frontline of Athlete Mental Health: The Mental Health Literacy of NCAA Coaches
Authors: Beebe Kelzie E , Petrie Trent A.
Published: February 2024

Coaches’ knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about mental health—or mental health literacy (MHL)—affect teams’ mental health climates and the detection, referral, and treatment of athletes’ mental health concerns. Thus, assessing collegiate coaches’ MHL, and factors related to its presence, is critical. Using the Mental Health Literacy Scale, 1,571 NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) coaches were surveyed regarding their MHL and demographic and mental health experience factors. Overall, 99.9% of the coaches surveyed believe that athletes’ mental health affected their sport performances. Through hierarchical regression analyses, coaches’ exposure to mental health treatment, perceived helpfulness of mental health treatment, gender (i.e., woman), years coaching (i.e., fewer years), and current NCAA division (i.e., Division III) were significantly related to their MHL, explaining 15.5% of variance. However, coaches’ race/ethnicity did not reach significance. Recommendations regarding increasing coaches’ MHL and hiring appropriately trained and licensed mental health and sport psychology professionals are offered.
Computational phylogenetics reveal histories of sign languages
Authors: Abner Natasha , Clarté Grégoire , Geraci Carlo , Ryder Robin J. , Mertz Justine , Salgat Anah , Yu Shi
Published: February 2024

Sign languages are naturally occurring languages. As such, their emergence and spread reflect the histories of their communities. However, limitations in historical recordkeeping and linguistic documentation have hindered the diachronic analysis of sign languages. In this work, we used computational phylogenetic methods to study family structure among 19 sign languages from deaf communities worldwide. We used phonologically coded lexical data from contemporary languages to infer relatedness and suggest that these methods can help study regular form changes in sign languages. The inferred trees are consistent in key respects with known historical information but challenge certain assumed groupings and surpass analyses made available by traditional methods. Moreover, the phylogenetic inferences are not reducible to geographic distribution but do affirm the importance of geopolitical forces in the histories of human languages.
Accessing pluripotent materials through tempering of dynamic covalent polymer networks
Authors: Boynton Nicholas R. , Dennis Joseph M. , Dolinski Neil D. , Lindberg Charlie A. , Kotula Anthony P. , Grocke Garrett L. , Vivod Stephanie L. , Lenhart Joseph L. , Patel Shrayesh N. , Rowan Stuart J.
Published: February 2024

Pluripotency, which is defined as a system not fixed as to its developmental potentialities, is typically associated with biology and stem cells. Inspired by this concept, we report synthetic polymers that act as a single “pluripotent” feedstock and can be differentiated into a range of materials that exhibit different mechanical properties, from hard and brittle to soft and extensible. To achieve this, we have exploited dynamic covalent networks that contain labile, dynamic thia-Michael bonds, whose extent of bonding can be thermally modulated and retained through tempering, akin to the process used in metallurgy. In addition, we show that the shape memory behavior of these materials can be tailored through tempering and that these materials can be patterned to spatially control mechanical properties.
When function, not origin, matters
Authors: Buckley Yvonne M. , Torsney Andrew
Published: February 2024

Native and introduced megaherbivores similarly affect plant diversity and abundance
Measuring differential fitness costs and interactions between genetic cassettes using fluorescent spectrophotometry
Authors: Kehila Dan , Tokuriki Nobuhiko
Published: February 2024

In this article, we present a method for designing, executing, and analyzing data from a microbial competition experiment. We use fluorescent reporters to label different competing strains and resolve individual growth curves using a fluorescent spectrophotometer. Our comprehensive data analysis pipeline integrates multiple experiments to simultaneously infer sources of variation, extract selection coefficients, and estimate the genetic contributions to fitness for various synthetic genetic cassettes (SGCs). To demonstrate the method, we employ a synthetic biological system based on
Escherichia coli
. Strains carry 1 of 10 different plasmids and one of three genomically integrated fluorescent markers. All strains are co-cultured to obtain real-time measurements of optical density (total population density) and fluorescence (sub-population densities). We identify challenges in calibrating between fluorescence and density and of fluorescent proteins maturing at different rates. To resolve these issues, we compare two methods of fluorescence calibration and correct for maturation by measuring
in vivo
maturation times. We provide evidence of genetic interactions occurring between our SGCs and further show how to use our statistical model to test some hypotheses about microbial growth and the costs of protein expression.

IMPORTANCE

Fluorescently labeled co-cultures are becoming increasingly popular. The approach proposed here offers a high standard for experimental design and data analysis to measure selection coefficients and growth rates in competition. Measuring competitive differences is useful in many laboratory studies, allowing for fitness cost-correction of growth rates and ecological interactions and testing hypotheses in synthetic biology. Using time-resolved growth curves, rather than endpoint measurements, for competition assays allows us to construct a detailed scientific model that can be used to ask questions about fine-grained phenomena, such as bacterial growth dynamics, as well as higher-level phenomena, such as the interactions between synthetic cassette expression.