bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Possíveis influências da elaboração de desenhos sobre narrativas infantis
Authors: Rodrigues Maria do Rosário de Fátima , Queiroz Sávio Silveira de , Alencar Heloisa Moulin de
Published: October 2010

Analisaram-se narrativas de 60 crianças, comparando-se suas características, com o desenho do cenário antes e depois da história, divididas nas seguintes situações de produção: 15 alunos de 7 anos (da 1ª série) e 15 de 9 anos (da 3ª série) desenharam um cenário em um editor de imagens, para basear uma história que foi escrita posteriormente por eles no editor de textos; 15 alunos, de cada uma das idades e séries mencionadas, realizaram essas atividades inversamente. Os resultados indicaram que a situação desenho antes influenciou o aparecimento das características "explicação causal" e "desfecho elaborado" nas narrativas das crianças de 7 anos; e "resolução da situação-problema explicada" nas narrativas das crianças de 9 anos. A situação desenho depois influenciou, nas narrativas das crianças de 7 anos, o surgimento das características "explicação mágica" e "resolução da situação-problema sem coerência"; e entre as crianças de 9 anos, a característica "desfecho com mudança de tópicos".
Considerações sobre o papel da consciência morfológica nas dificuldades de leitura e escrita: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Mota Márcia Elia da
Published: October 2010

Este trabalho teve como objetivo revisar a produção científica nacional e internacional indexada no Scielo e no periódico CAPES (Web of Science e Psychinfo), entre 1996 e 2006 sobre a relação entre a consciência morfológica e as dificuldades de aprendizagem da leitura e escrita. Foram selecionados estudos empíricos que descreviam o relacionamento entre a consciência morfológica e a alfabetização. Identificaram-se 16 artigos (três nacionais e 13 internacionais) que foram analisados considerando os seguintes aspectos: a relação causal entre a consciência morfológica e a alfabetização e o papel da consciência morfológica nas dificuldades de leitura e escrita. Foi feita uma análise dos periódicos em que foram publicados tipos de técnicas de coleta e análise de dados utilizados. Os resultados apontam para a carência de estudos empíricos que estudem este fenômeno no Brasil. São discutidas também as implicações teórico-metodológicas destes estudos para o contexto educacional e para avaliação das dificuldades de leitura.
Influência da cafeína na resposta pressórica ao exercício aeróbio em sujeitos hipertensos
Authors: Cazé Raquel Freire , Franco Gisele Augusto Maciel , Porpino Suênia Karla Pacheco , Souza Alesandra Araújo de , Padilhas Orranette Pereira , Silva Alexandre Sérgio
Published: October 2010

A redução da pressão arterial (PA) promovida pelo exercício físico é evidente segundo a literatura atual. Mecanismos neuro-humorais explicam essa resposta hipotensora, em que a diminuição da atividade simpática apresenta-se como um dos principais mecanismos. Porém, a ingestão de alimentos ricos em cafeína (CA) pode suprimir esta atenuação simpática. O objetivo desse estudo foi elucidar o impacto da ingestão de CA na resposta pressórica ao exercício em pessoas hipertensas. Sete hipertensos (52,3 ± 3,3 anos), sendo cinco mulheres, realizaram duas sessões de caminhada com 40 minutos de duração, em dois dias de treinamento, tendo previamente ingerido CA (4mg/kg de peso corporal) ou placebo (PL). A PA e a frequência cardíaca foram verificadas anteriormente a ingestão, após 15, 30, 45, 60 minutos da ingestão em estado de repouso e com 10, 20 e 30 minutos após o exercício. Os dados foram tratados por meio de estatística descritiva, e pelo teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon (p < 0,05). A média da PA aumentou de 124,9/80,9mmHg antes da ingestão de CA para 129,4/84,3mmHg 60 minutos após, ainda no repouso (p < 0,05). Trinta minutos após o exercício observou-se resposta hipotensora no procedimento PL (queda da PA de 122,6/79,4mmHg para 115,7/78,6mmHg), enquanto que no procedimento com CA, a PA mostrou-se significativamente mais alta em relação aos valores de repouso (aumento de 124,9/80,9mmHg para 136,9/90,9mmHg, p < 0,05). Conclui-se que a ingestão de CA não só suprime a resposta hipotensora do exercício, como provoca uma hipertensão pós-exercício.
Avaliação tomográfica no tratamento com Herbst em adulto jovem
Authors: Maia Savana , Raveli Dirceu Barnabé , Santos-Pinto Ary dos , Raveli Taísa Boamorte , Gomez Sandra Palno
Published: October 2010

INTRODUÇÃO: o aparelho de Herbst destaca-se por manter a mandíbula avançada de modo contínuo. OBJETIVO: analisar, durante 8 meses, o tratamento de um indivíduo com aparelho Herbst por meio de imagens da tomografia Cone-Beam, após o surto de crescimento pubertário (16 anos e 3 meses), portador de má oclusão de Classe II, divisão 1, associada a retrognatismo mandibular. RESULTADOS: os resultados mostraram imagens tomográficas das ATMs que sugerem remodelação do côndilo, fossa glenoide e aumento da via aérea após o tratamento com esse aparelho. CONCLUSÃO: o aparelho de Herbst é uma boa opção no tratamento da má oclusão de Classe II em indivíduos adultos jovens, pois proporciona ao paciente a correção da má oclusão e melhora da estética do perfil.
Aparelho de avanço mandibular aumenta o volume da via aérea superior de pacientes com apneia do sono
Authors: Abi-Ramia Luciana Baptista Pereira , Carvalho Felipe Assis Ribeiro , Coscarelli Claudia Torres , Almeida Marco Antonio de Oliveira
Published: October 2010

INTRODUÇÃO: o diagnóstico, o tratamento e o acompanhamento de pacientes portadores da síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS) são essenciais, por se tratar de um distúrbio que pode causar alterações sistêmicas. A efetividade do tratamento da SAOS com aparelhos intrabucais foi demonstrada através de estudos cefalométricos. OBJETIVO: o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do aparelho de avanço mandibular (Twin Block, TB) no volume das vias aéreas superiores, por meio de tomografia computadorizada Cone-Beam (CBCT). Dezesseis pacientes (6 homens e 10 mulheres) portadores de SAOS leve a moderada, idade média de 47,06 anos, utilizaram um aparelho de avanço mandibular e foram acompanhados por 7 meses, em média. MÉTODOS: foram feitas duas CBCT, sendo uma sem e outra com o aparelho em posição. A segmentação e a obtenção dos volumes das vias aéreas superiores foram realizadas e utilizado o teste t de Student pareado para análise estatística, com 5% de significância. RESULTADOS: houve aumento do volume da via aérea superior com TB quando comparado com o volume sem TB (p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: pode-se concluir que o aumento de volume da via aérea superior observado foi associado ao aparelho de avanço mandibular.
Early experiences with UK round 1 offshore wind farms
Authors: Feng Y. , Tavner P. J. , Long H.
Published: November 2010

The UK government plans that offshore wind power should play a major part in meeting the UK’s renewable energy and carbon emission targets by 2020. The pioneer UK round 1 offshore wind farm projects, based on sites let in 2001, were supported by the UK Department of Trade and Industry’s ‘Offshore wind capital grants scheme’. Round 2 offshore sites were let in 2003 and the successful bidders for round 3 offshore sites were announced in January 2010; therefore the published reports from round 1 could provide valuable information on offshore experiences for the operation of later rounds. This paper reviews the performances of those UK round 1 offshore wind farms during their early operation based on published reports from the ‘Offshore wind capital grants scheme’ available for the period 2004–2007 and early operational issues. UK round 1 offshore wind farms have achieved an average cost of energy of £69 per MWh, in line with expectations, but at 80·3% the average availability fell short of expectations. The availability of UK round 1 offshore wind farms has been shown to decrease with increasing wind speed therefore it is recommended that improvements of availability at wind speeds of 7–14 m/s will be needed to meet more ambitious economic targets.
Transitional Identity as a Facilitator of Organizational Identity Change during a Merger
Authors: Clark Shawn M. , Gioia Dennis A. , Ketchen David J. , Thomas James B.
Published: November 2010

We adopted an interpretive, grounded theory approach to study the processes by which organizational identities changed during the initial phases of a merger between two formerly rival healthcare organizations. Our investigation of two top management teams attempting to instigate this major change effort and lead their organizations toward completion of the merger revealed that the emergence of a transitional identity—an interim sense held by members about what their organizations were becoming—was critical to moving the change process forward. The transitional identity allowed executives in the two organizations to suspend their preexisting organizational identities and work toward creating a shared, new identity. The transitional identity appears to have been effective because it was ambiguous enough to allow multiple interpretations of what the merged organization would become to eventually coalesce into a common understanding, but not so ambiguous as to be threateningly unfamiliar. Overall, we present a process model of organizational identity change during a major change event that spanned two organizations, with the concept of transitional identity as its centerpiece.
Abstracts from the Sixth IN-CAM Research Symposium: Complementary and Integrative Health Care: Methodological, Theoretical and Practical Issues
Authors: Verhoef Marja J. , Boon Heather
Published: November 2010

The following are abstracts of oral and poster presentations given at the sixth IN-CAM Research Symposium, Complementary and Integrative Healthcare: Methodological, Theoretical and Practical Issues, held November 19 to 21, 2010 at the Sutton Place Hotel, Vancouver, Canada. The Symposium was held in collaboration with IN-CAM partners PedCAM and HomeoNet. The abstracts are grouped under: IN-CAM, PedCAM, and HomeoNet. For more information, please visit: www.incamresearch.ca.
Impact of the cold end operating conditions on energy efficiency of the steam power plants
Authors: Lakovic Mirjana , Stojiljkovic Mladen , Lakovic Slobodan , Stefanovic Velimir , Mitrovic Dejan
Published: October 2010

The conventional steam power plant working under the Rankine Cycle and the
steam condenser as a heat sink and the steam boiler as a heat source have the
same importance for the power plant operating process. Energy efficiency of
the coal fired power plant strongly depends on its turbine-condenser system
operation mode. For the given thermal power plant configuration, cooling
water temperature or/and flow rate change generate alterations in the
condenser pressure. Those changes have great influence on the energy
efficiency of the plant. This paper focuses on the influence of the cooling
water temperature and flow rate on the condenser performance, and thus on the
specific heat rate of the coal fired plant and its energy efficiency.
Reference plant is working under turbine-follow mode with an open cycle
cooling system. Analysis is done using thermodynamic theory, in order to
define heat load dependence on the cooling water temperature and flow rate.
Having these correlations, for given cooling water temperature it is possible
to determine optimal flow rate of the cooling water in order to achieve an
optimal condensing pressure, and thus, optimal energy efficiency of the
plant. Obtained results could be used as useful guidelines in improving
existing power plants performances and also in design of the new power
plants.

 This article has been corrected. Link to the correction 10.2298/TSCI151102198E
Insulin Resistance, Defective Insulin-Mediated Fatty Acid Suppression, and Coronary Artery Calcification in Subjects With and Without Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Schauer Irene E. , Snell-Bergeon Janet K. , Bergman Bryan C. , Maahs David M. , Kretowski Adam , Eckel Robert H. , Rewers Marian
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVE

To assess insulin action on peripheral glucose utilization and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) suppression as a predictor of coronary artery calcification (CAC) in patients with type 1 diabetes and nondiabetic controls.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Insulin action was measured by a three-stage hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (4, 8, and 40 mU/m2/min) in 87 subjects from the Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes cohort (40 diabetic, 47 nondiabetic; mean age 45 ± 8 years; 55% female).

RESULTS

Peripheral glucose utilization was lower in subjects with type 1 diabetes compared with nondiabetic controls: glucose infusion rate (mg/kg FFM/min) = 6.19 ± 0.72 vs. 12.71 ± 0.66, mean ± SE, P < 0.0001, after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, fasting glucose, and final clamp glucose and insulin. Insulin-induced NEFA suppression was also lower in type 1 diabetic compared with nondiabetic subjects: NEFA levels (μM) during 8 mU/m2/min insulin infusion = 370 ± 27 vs. 185 ± 25, P < 0.0001, after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, fasting glucose, and time point insulin. Lower glucose utilization and higher NEFA levels, correlated with CAC volume (r = −0.42, P < 0.0001 and r = 0.41, P < 0.0001, respectively) and predicted the presence of CAC (odds ratio [OR] = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.22–0.93, P = 0.03; OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.08–5.32, P = 0.032, respectively). Insulin resistance did not correlate with GHb or continuous glucose monitoring parameters.

CONCLUSIONS

Type 1 diabetic patients are insulin resistant compared with nondiabetic subjects, and the degree of resistance is not related to current glycemic control. Insulin resistance predicts the extent of coronary artery calcification and may contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes as well as subjects without diabetes.
Outstanding Scientific Achievement Award Lecture 2010: Deconstructing Leptin: From Signals to Circuits
Authors: Myers Martin G.
Published: October 2010

Martin G. Myers Jr., MD, PhD, received the American Diabetes Association's prestigious 2010 Outstanding Scientific Achievement Award at the Association's 70th Scientific Sessions in Orlando, Florida, on 28 June 2010. The Outstanding Scientific Achievement Award recognizes outstanding scientific achievement in the field of diabetes, taking into consideration independence of thought and originality.

Currently the Marilyn H. Vincent Professor of Diabetes Research at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and Associate Professor in internal medicine and in molecular and integrative physiology at the University of Michigan Medical School, Dr. Myers began his impressive track record in diabetes research as a graduate student in the laboratory of Dr. Morris White at the Joslin Diabetes Center/Harvard Medical School. There, Dr. Myers deciphered many of the insulin signaling pathways engaged by insulin receptor substrate proteins.

Following his graduation from the Harvard MD-PhD Program in 1997, Dr. Myers was promoted to instructor in medicine at the Joslin Diabetes Center/Harvard Medical School. He began his independent work by building a molecular framework for understanding the mechanisms of leptin signaling, including how individual phosphorylation sites on the leptin receptor recruit distinct signaling molecules. He was promoted to assistant professor at Harvard in 1999.

In 2004, Dr. Myers moved to the University of Michigan, where he built upon the molecular framework of leptin signaling to probe the regulation of metabolism by individual leptin signals. Dr. Myers' laboratory revealed the specificity of leptin signals in metabolic control, including the role for leptin-STAT3 signaling in the regulation of energy balance and glucose homeostasis. His group also defined roles for leptin receptor feedback inhibition and hypothalamic mTor signaling in metabolism.

Dr. Myers' laboratory has recently developed novel molecular approaches to elucidate the leptin-regulated brain circuits that contribute to metabolic control, enabling the discovery of novel brain systems and their functions.

In 1998, Dr. Myers received the American Diabetes Association's Career Development Award for his scientific abilities. Dr. Myers' current support includes the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases MERIT Award.
Glycated Hemoglobin and the Risk of Kidney Disease and Retinopathy in Adults With and Without Diabetes
Authors: Selvin Elizabeth , Ning Yang , Steffes Michael W. , Bash Lori D. , Klein Ronald , Wong Tien Y. , Astor Brad C. , Sharrett A. Richey , Brancati Frederick L. , Coresh Josef
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVE

Glycated hemoglobin was recently recommended for use as a diagnostic test for diabetes. We examined the association between 2010 American Diabetes Association diagnostic cut points for glycated hemoglobin and microvascular outcomes (chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease [ESRD], and retinopathy) and formally tested for the presence of risk thresholds in the relationships of glycated hemoglobin with these outcomes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Prospective cohort and cross-sectional analyses of 11,357 participants (773 with a history of diagnosed diabetes) from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.

RESULTS

During a median of 14 years of follow-up of individuals without diagnosed diabetes at baseline, clinical categories of glycated hemoglobin were associated with risk of chronic kidney disease, with adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.12 (0.94–1.34) and 1.39 (1.04–1.85) for glycated hemoglobin 5.7–6.4% and ≥6.5%, respectively, as compared with <5.7% (P trend = 0.002). The corresponding HRs for ESRD were 1.51 (0.82–2.76) and 1.98 (0.83–4.73), respectively (P trend = 0.047). In the absence of diagnosed diabetes, glycated hemoglobin was cross sectionally associated with the presence of moderate/severe retinopathy, with adjusted odds ratios of 1.42 (0.69–2.92) and 2.91 (1.19–7.11) for glycated hemoglobin 5.7–<6.5% and ≥6.5%, respectively, compared with <5.7% (P trend = 0.011). Risk associations were stronger among individuals with a history of diabetes. We did not observe significant thresholds in the associations of glycated hemoglobin with kidney disease risk or retinopathy.

CONCLUSIONS

These data from a community-based, biracial population support the use of new 2010 American Diabetes Association glycated hemoglobin cut points for the diagnosis of diabetes.
Safety and Efficacy of Ranibizumab in Diabetic Macular Edema (RESOLVE Study)
Authors: Massin Pascale , Bandello Francesco , Garweg Justus G. , Hansen Lutz L. , Harding Simon P. , Larsen Michael , Mitchell Paul , Sharp Dianne , Wolf-Schnurrbusch U.E.K. , Gekkieva Margarita , Weichselberger Andreas , Wolf Sebastian
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVE

The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is elevated in diabetic macular edema (DME). Ranibizumab binds to and inhibits multiple VEGF variants. We investigated the safety and efficacy of ranibizumab in DME involving the foveal center.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This was a 12-month, multicenter, sham-controlled, double-masked study with eyes (age >18 years, type 1 or 2 diabetes, central retinal thickness [CRT] ≥300 μm, and best corrected visual acuity [BCVA] of 73–39 ETDRS letters [Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study]) randomly assigned to intravitreal ranibizumab (0.3 or 0.5 mg; n = 51 each) or sham (n = 49). The treatment schedule comprised three monthly injections, after which treatment could be stopped/reinitiated with an opportunity for rescue laser photocoagulation (protocol-defined criteria). After month 1, dose-doubling was permitted (protocol-defined criteria, injection volume increased from 0.05 to 0.1 ml and remained at 0.1 ml thereafter). Efficacy (BCVA and CRT) and safety were compared between pooled ranibizumab and sham arms using the full analysis set (n = 151, patients receiving ≥1 injection).

RESULTS

At month 12, mean ± SD BCVA improved from baseline by 10.3 ± 9.1 letters with ranibizumab and declined by 1.4 ± 14.2 letters with sham (P < 0.0001). Mean CRT reduction was 194.2 ± 135.1 μm with ranibizumab and 48.4 ± 153.4 μm with sham (P < 0.0001). Gain of ≥10 letters BCVA from baseline occurred in 60.8% of ranibizumab and 18.4% of sham eyes (P < 0.0001). Safety data were consistent with previous studies of intravitreal ranibizumab.

CONCLUSIONS

Ranibizumab is effective in improving BCVA and is well tolerated in DME. Future clinical trials are required to confirm its long-term efficacy and safety.
Vitamin D Deficiency and Coronary Artery Calcification in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Young Kendra A. , Snell-Bergeon Janet K. , Naik Ramachandra G. , Hokanson John E. , Tarullo David , Gottlieb Peter A. , Garg Satish K. , Rewers Marian
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study is to examine the relationship among serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), polymorphisms in vitamin D-associated genes, and the presence and progression of coronary artery calcification (CAC) in adults with type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This prospective study included 374 non-Hispanic white individuals with type 1 diabetes (mean age 40 ± 9 years; 46% were male). CAC was measured at the baseline and 3- and 6-year follow-up visits were determined by electron beam computed tomography. Serum 25[OH]D levels were measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry at the 3-year visit.

RESULTS

Normal (>30 ng/mL), insufficient (20–30 ng/mL), and deficient (<20 ng/mL) 25-[OH]D levels were present in 65%, 25%, and 10% of the individuals with type 1 diabetes, respectively. 25[OH]D deficiency was associated with the presence of CAC at the 3-year visit, odds ratio (OR) = 3.3 (95% CI 1.6–7.0), adjusting for age, sex, and hours of daylight. In subjects free of CAC at the 3-year visit, 25[OH]D deficiency predicted the development of CAC over the next 3 years in those with the vitamin D receptor M1T CC genotype (OR = 6.5 [1.1–40.2], P = 0.04) than in those with the CT or TT genotype (OR = 1.6 [0.3–8.6], P = 0.57).

CONCLUSIONS

Vitamin D deficiency independently predicts prevalence and development of CAC, a marker of coronary artery plaque burden, in individuals with type 1 diabetes.
Noninvasive Assessment of Exercise-Related Intramyocellular Acetylcarnitine in Euglycemia and Hyperglycemia in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Using 1H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Boss Andreas , Kreis Roland , Jenni Stefan , Ith Michael , Nuoffer Jean-Marc , Christ Emanuel , Boesch Chris , Stettler Christoph
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVE

Intramyocellular acetylcarnitine (IMAC) is involved in exercise-related fuel metabolism. It is not known whether levels of systemic glucose influence IMAC levels in type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Seven male individuals with type 1 diabetes performed 120 min of aerobic exercise at 55–60% of Vo2max randomly on two occasions (glucose clamped to 5 or 11 mmol/l, identical insulinemia). Before and after exercise, IMAC was detected by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in musculus vastus intermedius.

RESULTS

Postexercise levels of IMAC were significantly higher than pre-exercise values in euglycemia (4.30 ± 0.54 arbitrary units [a.u.], P < 0.001) and in hyperglycemia (2.44 ± 0.53 a.u., P = 0.01) and differed significantly according to glycemia (P < 0.01). The increase in exercise-related levels of IMAC was significantly higher in euglycemia (3.97 ± 0.45 a.u.) than in hyperglycemia (1.71 ± 0.50 a.u.; P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

The increase in IMAC associated with moderate aerobic exercise in individuals with type 1 diabetes was significantly higher in euglycemia than in hyperglycemia.
Gender insurgency and neoliberal reform: the academy twice transformed?
Authors: Johnson Richard
Published: October 2010

English higher education, like other parts of the public sector and higher education in other countries, is currently undergoing considerable change as it is being restructured as if it were a market in which universities, departments and academics compete against one another. This restructuring is producing new processes of subjectivity that discipline those who work and study in higher education institutions. Feminist poststructuralists have suggested that this restructuring is enabled partly through new forms of accountability that seemingly offer the 'carrot' of self-realisation alongside the 'stick' of greater management surveillance of the burgeoning number of tasks that academics, amongst others, must perform. This paper, located in the context of these changes, builds on Judith Butler's insight that processes of subjection to the dominant order through which the self is produced entail both mastery and subjection. That is, submission requires mastery of the underlying assumptions of the dominant order, In this paper I adopt an auto/biographical method and a critique of abstract social theories to explore how the neoliberal restructuring of universities interacts with the gender order. Many universities are being remoulded as businesses for other businesses, with profound effects on internal relations, the subjectivities of academics and students, and practices of education and scholarship. Yet I doubt if we can understand this, nor resist the deep corruption, through grasping neoliberalism's dynamics alone. A longer memory and a more concrete analysis are needed. Today's intense individualisation impacts on pre-existing social relations, which inflect it unpredictably. From my own experience, I evoke the baseline of an older academy, gender-segregated, explicitly patriarchal and privileged in class and ethnic terms. I stress the feminist and democratic gains of the 1960s and 1970s. I sketch the (neoliberal) strategies that undermine or redirect them. I write this, hoping that the next episode can be written differently.
In/Difference in the neoliberalised university
Authors: Petersen Eva Bendix , Davies Bronwyn
Published: October 2010

In this article the authors take up the invitation to respond to the previous articles in the special issue. They discuss why it is so difficult to speak and write about gender and sexuality, and difference more generally, in the neoliberalised university. They make the case that the neoliberal university engages and uses categorical difference, and the individuals inhabiting these, mainly for auditing purposes. The authors develop the argument that despite the enterprise university's official commitments to diversity and inclusion, it remains indifferent to difference, understood as openness to becoming different, to differenciation in a Deleuzian sense. Difference is privatised and depoliticised and is only acceptable if it is useful and exploitable in pre-specified ways and if it conforms to and facilitates neoliberal agendas.
Ionocovalency and Applications 1. Ionocovalency Model and Orbital Hybrid Scales
Authors: Zhang Yonghe
Published: November 2010

Ionocovalency (IC), a quantitative dual nature of the atom, is defined and correlated with quantum-mechanical potential to describe quantitatively the dual properties of the bond. Orbiotal hybrid IC model scale, IC, and IC electronegativity scale, XIC, are proposed, wherein the ionicity and the covalent radius are determined by spectroscopy. Being composed of the ionic function I and the covalent function C, the model describes quantitatively the dual properties of bond strengths, charge density and ionic potential. Based on the atomic electron configuration and the various quantum-mechanical built-up dual parameters, the model formed a Dual Method of the multiple-functional prediction, which has much more versatile and exceptional applications than traditional electronegativity scales and molecular properties. Hydrogen has unconventional values of IC and XIC, lower than that of boron. The IC model can agree fairly well with the data of bond properties and satisfactorily explain chemical observations of elements throughout the Periodic Table.
Optimizing Ultrasonic Ellagic Acid Extraction Conditions from Infructescence of Platycarya strobilacea Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Zhang Liang-Liang , Xu Man , Wang Yong-Mei , Wu Dong-Mei , Chen Jia-Hong
Published: November 2010

The infructescence of Platycarya strobilacea is a rich source of ellagic acid (EA) which has shown antioxidant, anticancer and antimutagen properties. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the conditions for ultrasonic extraction of EA from infructescence of P. strobilacea. A central composite design (CCD) was used for experimental design and analysis of the results to obtain the optimal processing parameters. The content of EA in the extracts was determined by HPLC with UV detection. Three independent variables such as ultrasonic extraction temperature (°C), liquid:solid ratio (mL/g), and ultrasonic extraction time (min) were investigated. The experimental data obtained were fitted to a quadratic equation using multiple regression analysis and also analyzed by appropriate statistical methods. The 3-D response surface and the contour plots derived from the mathematical models were applied to determine the optimal conditions. The optimum ultrasonic extraction conditions were as follows: ultrasonic extraction temperature 70 °C, liquid:solid ratio 22.5, and ultrasonic extraction time 40 min. Under these conditions, the experimental percentage value was 1.961%, which is in close agreement with the value predicted by the model.
Are People Aware of their Attitudes Toward Destination? Understanding the Implicit Association Test in Tourism Research
Authors: Kim Dae-Young , Chen Zhijian
Published: October 2010

This study tests the hypothesis that explicit and implicit measures of attitudes would differentially identify tourist attitudes in the domain of destination study. A total of 89 college students were recruited to complete a self-report survey and implicit association test (IAT). The
results reveal that participants' attitudes toward China and England vary depending on the two different types of attitude measures. Specifically, it appears that attitudes toward the two countries are not significantly different by explicit measures but differences of attitudes are salient
by IAT. The implications of the IAT results for tourism destination study and its relations to explicit measures of attitudes are discussed.
Gender Differences in Responses to Written Touch References in Hospitality Print Advertisements
Authors: Magnini Vincent P. , Gaskins John N.
Published: October 2010

An emerging body of research indicates that males and females often respond differently to advertising stimuli. Therefore, this research used a between-subjects experimental design in study 1 to illustrate that a written touch reference in a destination ad (e.g., Visit the Newstead
Cove Resort and feel the soothing Caribbean sand and water as you walk on our pristine award-winning beach) positively influences females' affective responses to the advertisement and image of the destination, without having a significant impact on male sentiment. Next, study 2 used
two photo-elicitation sessions, one conducted with females and the other with males, to probe deeper into these findings. The managerial and research implications of both studies are discussed.
Factors Influencing Hotel Occupancy in Jamaica: The Role of Events 1991–2008
Authors: Singh Diaram Ramjee , Wright Allan , Hayle Carolyn
Published: October 2010

The aim of this article is to establish the primary economic determinants of hotel occupancy in Jamaica by reviewing for the period January 1991 to December 2008. The rationale is to help policy makers of Tourism and Hospitality management identify factors that have the biggest impact
on hotel occupancy. The empirical results showed that stopovers, length of stay, events such Air Jamaica Jazz & Blues festival and to a lesser extent Reggae Sumfest are the main economic factors affecting occupancy levels. The study also seeks to establish whether seasonality affects hotel
occupancy.
The Influence of Scuba Divers' Personality, Experience, and Demographic Profile on their Underwater Behavior
Authors: Musa Ghazali , Seng Wong Tong , Thirumoorthi Thinaranjeney , Abessi Masoud
Published: November 2010

Scuba diving activity is known to cause detrimental impact on the marine environment and its sustainability. This study explores the influence of divers' personality, experience, and demographic profile on their underwater behavior. Data were collected using convenience sampling among
divers in Malaysia. A total of 302 questionnaires were returned and analyzed. The results show that divers are generally responsible underwater. Scuba diving experience parameters of duration of involvement, number of dives, self-rating experience, and diving frequency influence underwater
behavior. Divers with high neuroticism are more likely to be irresponsible, while high agreeableness personality factor is related to more responsible behavior underwater. Based on the results the authors provide some managerial recommendations in order to promote responsible scuba diving
activities.
Efficacy and safety of etravirine at week 96 in treatment-experienced HIV type-1-infected patients in the DUET-1 and DUET-2 trials
Authors: Katlama Christine , Clotet Bonaventura , Mills Anthony , Trottier Benoit , Molina Jean-Michel , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Towner William , Haubrich Richard , Nijs Steven , Vingerhoets Johan , Woodfall Brian , Witek James
Published: October 2010

Background

Durable efficacy and long-term safety of antiretroviral therapy are important goals in the management of treatment-experienced patients. The 96-week efficacy and safety of the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) etravirine were evaluated in the Phase III DUET trials.

Methods

HIV type-1-infected treatment-experienced adults with viral loads >5,000 copies/ml and NNRTI and protease inhibitor resistance were randomized to receive etravirine 200 mg or placebo, each twice daily and in combination with a background regimen of darunavir/ritonavir twice daily, nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors and optional enfuvirtide. The primary end point was the proportion of patients with viral load <50 copies/ml (intent-to-treat analysis, time-to-loss of virological response algorithm) at week 24. Results from both trials were combined in the pre-specified pooled 96-week analysis.

Results

In total, 599 patients received etravirine and 604 received placebo. At week 96, 57% of patients in the etravirine group versus 36% in the placebo group had a viral load <50 copies/ml ( P<0.0001); 91% and 88% of patients, respectively, had maintained this response from week 48. Mean increases in CD4+ T-cell count from baseline at week 96 were 128 cells/mm3 with etravirine versus 86 cells/mm3 with placebo ( P<0.0001). With the exception of rash, which was reported more frequently with etravirine than placebo (21% versus 12%, respectively; P<0.0001), the safety and tolerability profile of etravirine was similar to placebo over the treatment period.

Conclusions

Etravirine, in combination with an antiretroviral background regimen, provided durable virological and immunological responses with no new safety concerns in treatment-experienced patients over 96 weeks in the DUET trials.
Reduced dose of stavudine and lipoatrophy in HIV-infected patients in Cameroon
Authors: Cournil Amandine , Coudray Mathilde , Kouanfack Charles , Essomba Claudine Ntsama , Tonfack Clément Auguste Djouatsa , Biwolé-Sida Magloire , Delaporte Eric , Bork Kirsten , Laurent Christian
Published: October 2010

Background

This study assessed the effect of stavudine (d4T) 30 mg dosage on lipoatrophy in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral treatment.

Methods

A total of 243 patients from Cameroon receiving d4T or zidovudine (AZT) in combination with lamivudine and efavirenz or nevirapine for >6 months were clinically assessed for moderate to severe (‘strict’ definition) and mild to severe (‘large’ definition) lipoatrophy. Prevalence of lipoatrophy was compared between 69 patients who had received exclusively d4T 30 mg (d4T30), 64 patients who had received both d4T 30 and 40 mg dosages since treatment initiation (d4T30/40) and 110 patients on AZT-related therapy.

Results

Prevalence of lipoatrophy varied from 7% to 24%, according to the definition. After adjustment for gender, age, treatment duration and CD4+ T-cell count, the risk of lipoatrophy in the d4T30 group was lower than in the d4T30/40 group (odds ratio [OR] 0.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1–0.8 with the large definition and OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.0–0.8 with the strict definition) and was comparable to that of the AZT group (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.2–4.6 and OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.4–2.2 with the large and strict definitions, respectively). The risk was significantly higher in the d4T30/40 group compared with the AZT group (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.3–6.4 with the large definition and OR 5.5, 95% CI 1.3–23.5 with the strict definition).

Conclusions

The use of d4T at a lower dosage might increase safety with regard to its effect on lipoatrophy.
Improving the Prediction of Virological Response to Tipranavir: The Development and Validation of a Tipranavir-Weighted Mutation Score
Authors: Schapiro Jonathan M , Scherer Joseph , Boucher Charles A , Baxter John D , Tilke Clemens , Perno Carlo F , Maggiolo Franco , Santoro Maria M , Hall David B
Published: October 2010

Background

The purpose of this study was to develop a tipranavir-weighted mutation score that provides guidance to treating physicians on the relative effect of specific protease mutations on tipranavir activity.

Methods

Weights were developed using data from RESIST tipranavir-treated patients based on regressions of virological response at weeks 8 and 24, accounting for baseline CD4+ T-cell count and background regimen activity. The resulting weighted score and cutoffs were validated using a set of cohort patients external to the tipranavir development programme. Response rates were tabulated for the new weighted score and compared with other tipranavir mutation scores used in clinical practice.

Results

The final weights were 74P, 82L/T, 83D and 47V (+4), 58E and 84V (+3), 36I, 43T and 54A/M/V (+2), 10V, 33F and 46L (+1), 24I and 76V (-2), 50L/V (-4), and 54L (-6). Tipranavir-weighted score susceptibility categories were susceptible ≤3, partially susceptible >3 but ≤10, and resistant ≥11. Week 48 response rates for RESIST patients were 34.6%, 15.9% and 5.9%, respectively. Using the external cohort data ( n=150), the weighted score was highly associated with week 8 viral load reduction ( P=0.0027). Only one other score achieved statistical significance.

Conclusions

The tipranavir-weighted score developed and externally validated here, in three datasets representing a broad population of treatment-experienced patients, can be used to make clinical decisions about whether to consider tipranavir in a treatment-experienced patient who has limited treatment options.
Régions et villes socialement créatives. Étude appliquée à la Péninsule Ibérique
Authors: André Isabel , Carmo André
Published: November 2010

Résumé La créativité est perçue actuellement comme étant un des facteurs décisifs pour le développement territorial. Dans ce cadre, les thèses de Richard Florida ou de Charles Landry sur la classe et la ville créatives ont une large influence sur les stratégies de développement urbain et régional. Toutefois, ces modèles produisent fréquemment l’exclusion sociale et des espaces urbains fragmentés. Les effets adverses de ces modèles ont fait émerger le concept de territoire socialement créatif (région, ville ou quartier), où l’innovation est promue dans une perspective intégrée, c’est-à-dire, combinant la technologie, l’économie, la culture et les relations sociales et politiques. En nous basant sur l’information disponible pour les régions et villes de la Péninsule Ibérique, nous traitons, dans cet article, deux aspects que nous considérons pertinents au débat sur la créativité des territoires. Le premier concerne l’hétérogénéité de la « classe créative », un groupe qui inclut des segments socio-professionnels ayant des valeurs, des attitudes et des sociabilités très diverses. Le second se rattache aux conditions définissant un milieu socialement créatif – diversité socioculturelle, tolérance, participation civique et capital social approprié collectivement. Les données analysées permettent de vérifier qu’il n’y a pas une corrélation étroite entre milieux socialement créatifs et expression géographique de l’emploi créatif, à l’exception de certaines régions espagnoles (Pays Basque, Aragon, Baléares et Canaries) où semble exister une corrélation positive entre les deux, certainement générant de nouvelles opportunités pour le développement des territoires. Codes JEL : R11, 030
Politiques d'innovation, espace régional et dynamique des territoires : un essai de caractérisation dans le contexte français
Authors: Depret Marc-Hubert , Hamdouch Abdelilah , Monino Jean-Louis , Poncet Christian
Published: November 2010

Résumé Depuis quelques années, la plupart des pays ont mis en œuvre des politiques de décentralisation/régionalisation de leurs structures politiques et administratives et de leurs actions économiques et sociales. Ce mouvement tend à redéfinir l’espace et les modes d’interaction des institutions en charge de l’innovation, et, partant, à imbriquer différents niveaux spatiaux dans la détermination et l’évolution des cadres institutionnels au sein desquels prennent place les politiques. Dans ce contexte, la région a vocation à devenir un espace privilégié en tant que cible des politiques d’innovation. De nombreux travaux mettent d’ailleurs bien en évidence la place toujours plus importante des politiques régionales dans la gestion des dynamiques d’innovation. Il reste cependant à démontrer la pertinence de l’espace régional comme échelle spatiale clé pour asseoir les politiques d’innovation. Se basant sur le cas français, cet article vise à rendre compte de ce phénomène en tentant d’isoler les facteurs susceptibles d’accompagner efficacement (ou au contraire d’inhiber) les politiques d’innovation engagées au niveau régional, en particulier au niveau des processus et outils de financement des projets innovants. Codes JEL : L52, O38, R58
La portée de la typologie élaborée par Tönnies de l'existence humaine, entre communauté et société
Authors: Demelemestre Gaëlle
Published: October 2010

Résumé Cet article propose de reprendre le débat engagé, dans la seconde moitié du 20e siècle, entre les libéraux et les « communautariens » à la lumière de la distinction sociologique opérée par Tönnies, à la fin du 19e siècle, entre l'existence humaine développée dans la forme de la communauté, et celle répondant plus à la rationalité dont il observait la montée en puissance, qu'il désignait comme la société. Ces deux approches théoriques d'une même réalité, l'homme existant avec ses semblables, sont couramment présentées comme antagonistes, voire inconciliables. Mais où se situe exactement leur supposée incompatibilité ? Faut-il absolument sacrifier ce qu'apporte à l'individu la vie en communauté, dès lors que l'on existe dans le cadre de la société libérale capitaliste ? Et inversement, la vie communautaire occulte-t-elle radicalement toute possibilité d'exister sur le mode de la rationalité procédurale requise par la société libérale ? C'est l'intuition de Tönnies d'une nécessaire conciliation entre la forme de vie développée au sein de la communauté, et celle engendrée par la société, que nous suivrons ici pour reprendre ce débat.
La compétence à évaluer : une compétence révélatrice de la professionnalité des enseignants d'EPS. Étude de cas et perspectives pour la formation
Authors: Carnus Marie-France , Terrisse André
Published: October 2010

Résumé La compétence à l’évaluation est, selon nous, révélatrice de la compétence professionnelle. Comment se construit-elle et qu’en déduire pour la formation des professeurs stagiaires d’EPS ? Cet article rend compte d’une étude menée dans le cadre d’une recherche INRP (Institut national de la Recherche Pédagogique). Il s’organise en quatre temps : bilan de la formation à l’évaluation à l’IUFM Midi-Pyrénées, étude des conceptions des professeurs stagiaires et des conseillers pédagogiques, description et compréhension de pratiques effectives d’évaluation et proposition d’orientation de nature à transformer les pratiques de formation à l’évaluation et à la notation.
Mieux comprendre les obstacles qui entravent le retour en formation des adultes peu scolarisés
Authors: Lavoie Natalie , Levesque Jean-Yves , Lapointe Dominic
Published: October 2010

Résumé Cet article expose les obstacles à la participation d’adultes peu scolarisés à des activités de formation selon quatre dimensions : situationnelle, dispositionnelle, informationnelle et institutionnelle. Ces obstacles ont pu être identifiés et décrits à partir d’un corpus de données issues d’entrevues individuelles auprès de personnes peu scolarisées, des participants, des non participants et des anciens participants à des activités de formation, ainsi que des groupes de discussion composés de formatrices et de formateurs.
L'indécision vocationnelle et le retour aux études
Authors: Larue Andrée , Malenfant Romaine , Jetté Mylène
Published: October 2010

Résumé Cet article porte sur la décision qu’ont prise des femmes et des hommes sur le marché du travail depuis quelques années déjà et ayant des enfants à leur charge, d’effectuer un retour aux études. Plus précisément, nous nous attarderons à mieux documenter l’ensemble des éléments qui ont participé à cette décision en les situant dans une compréhension dynamique de la construction des cheminements scolaire, professionnel, familial et personnel. Nous verrons alors que l’indécision vocationnelle lors des études initiales est un élément important à considérer dans l’interprétation des trajectoires scolaire et professionnelle. Les données proviennent d’une étude qualitative de type empirique basée sur la méthode des récits d’expérience qui a été réalisée de 2002 à 2004 au Québec.
Le conseiller en VAE : nouveau métier de la formation des adultes ?
Authors: Pinte Gilles
Published: October 2010

Résumé La mise en place de la validation des acquis de l’expérience à partir de 2002 a fait apparaître dans les structures de formation un nouvel acteur : le conseiller en VAE. Son rôle consiste à guider le candidat dans la procédure de validation des acquis depuis le choix d’un niveau de certification jusqu’à la présentation du dossier devant un jury, et parfois lorsque la validation est partielle, à préconiser un suivi de formation complémentaire. L’activité principale des conseillers en VAE consiste donc à accompagner les candidats dans ces différentes démarches. Nous avons cherché à savoir à travers un questionnaire et des entretiens si l’activité des conseillers en VAE pouvait représenter un nouveau métier dans le champ de la formation des adultes
Boron Nitride Nanoparticles: One-Step Synthesis from Single-Source Preceramic Precursors
Authors: Bernard Samuel , Salles Vincent , Foucaud Sylvie , Miele Philippe
Published: October 2010

Boron nitride (B1.0N0.9) nanoparticles have been prepared by the spray-pyrolysis of
borazine. Characterization of the B1.0N0.9 nanoparticles by SEM, and HRTEM demonstrated that
samples form elementary blocks containing slightly agglomerated nanocrystalline particles with
sizes ranging from 55 to 120 nm. Their thermal behavior has been investigated and
thermogravimetric analyses of B1.0N0.9 nanoparticles showed that they are relatively stable in air
atmospheres.
Influence of Different Suspension Properties on Internal Structure and Deformation Behavior of Spray Dried Ceramic Granules
Authors: Eckhard Susanna , Fries Manfred
Published: October 2010

Three different batches of ceramic alumina granules were produced using a spray dryer in laboratory scale. The suspensions containing identical solid contents and amounts of binders were modified by adding nitric acid to get different stabilized conditions. The granules were analyzed concerning micro and macro structural properties by image analysis on specially prepared granule cross-sections. The investigated structure parameters were correlated with the studied mechanical properties using a commercially granule strength tester. Different measured fracture forces were explained by varied macro structures (parameter H, amount of hollow and homogeneous granules and average shell thickness) as a result of modified suspension properties.