bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integration of social cues and individual experiences during instrumental avoidance learning
Authors: Pärnamets Philip , Olsson Andreas
Published: October 2019

Learning to avoid harmful consequences can be a costly trial-and-error process. In such situations, social information can be leveraged to improve individual learning outcomes. Here, we investigated how participants used their own experiences and others' social cues to avoid harm. Participants made repeated choices between harmful and safe options, each with different probabilities of generating shocks, while also seeing the image of a social partner. Some partners made predictive gaze cues towards the harmful choice option while others cued an option at random, and did so using neutral or fearful facial expressions. We tested how learned social information about partner reliability transferred across contexts by letting participants encounter the same partner in multiple trial blocks while facing novel choice options. Participants' decisions were best explained by a reinforcement learning model that independently learned the probabilities of options being safe and of partners being reliable and combined these combined these estimates to generate choices. Advice from partners making a fearful facial expression influenced participants' decisions more than advice from partners with neutral expressions. Our results showed that participants made better decisions when facing predictive partners and that they cached and transferred partner reliability estimates into new blocks. Using simulations we show that participants' transfer of social information into novel contexts is better adapted to variable social environments where social partners may change their cuing strategy or become untrustworthy. Finally, we found no relation between autism questionnaire scores and performance in our task, but do find autism trait related differences in learning rate parameters.
Study of Epidemiology of Traumatic Brain Injury and Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders in Traumatic Brain Injury at 3 Months Follow-Up
Authors: Dade Nagendra Babu , Teegala Ramesh , Medikonda Meena
Published: October 2019

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major global health problem with an annual incidence of 10million cases globally. Despite the good recovery with modern treatment measures, the cognitive and behavioral deficits give rise to the major morbidity. These deficits amount in failure to return to work and maintain social activities. A prospective clinical study of 187 inpatients with Traumatic Brain Injury was done in Alluri Sitarama Raju Academy of Medical Sciences, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh from August 2015 to August 2017. All patients aged between 15-60years, with normal premorbid personality admitted with traumatic brain injury, were included in the study. Appropriate socio-demographic and clinical data was collected while inpatient, and 3 months post trauma. All the patients were subjected to structured interview using MINI PLUS (English version 5.0.0) for assessment of cognitive and neurobehavioral disorders. The prevalence of cognitive and neurobehavioural disorders following traumatic brain injury in the present study was40.6%.Patients with traumatic brain injury often experience enduring emotional and cognitive consequences; major depressive disorder being the most common, followed by somatoform and anxiety disorders. Treatment of these patients should involve a multidisciplinary approach, with the psychiatrist working in close collaboration with the patient, family, neurologist/neurosurgeon, psychologist and social worker.
Topical use of Vancomycin in Craniotomy
Authors: Shakya Bikram , KC Bidur , Thapa Amit
Published: October 2019

In neurosurgery, surgical site infections are major cause of morbidity and mortality. It has been significant burden in clinical practice, despite of best practices with or without use of antibiotics. Topical antibiotics are one potential method reducing the problem. In our study, we seek to evaluate the benefits of topical vancomycin. In this Institutional Review Board-approved retrospective observational study, patients who underwent neurosurgical intervention in Department of Neurological Surgery KMCTH enrolled retrospectively from October 1, 2014 to September 30, 2018. Patients in whom topical vancomycin powder applied intra operatively for post operative SSI prophylaxis and those without, comprising the vast majority of neurosurgical patients within the KMCTH, were examined. Patients presenting with infection, open wound, multiple scheduled surgeries, application of topical antibiotics other than vancomycin, or multiple antibiotics were excluded. Patients data were analyzed within the first 30 days aftersurgery. There were total 259 patients with 190 as control and 69 as cases. With all these surgeries undergone we had SSI in 5, 1.93% (p = <0.001) of emergency surgeries, where Vancomycin powder was not used. There were no surgical site infection in any of the cases where topical Vancomycin powder was used. Topical vancomycin is a safe, effective, and economical measure to prevent SSIs following craniotomy.
Giant Occipital Osteoma: “Horn in the Back”
Authors: Roka Yam Bahadur
Published: October 2019

Not available.
Community at a Distance: Employing a Community of Practice Framework in Online Learning for Rural Students
Authors: Kimmel Sue C. , Burns Elizabeth , DiScala Jeffrey
Published: October 2019

Library and information science education today must prepare future professionals to leverage various technologies and develop professional networks that will propel them into future careers. Increasingly, today’s information professionals need to understand how to create identities, build relationships, and engage in productive work with others in an online, digital environment. A community of practice framework may help to promote the kinds of interactions and identity work needed in an online course and work environment. Additionally, the application of a community of practice framework in an online setting may serve to mitigate the geographic and professional isolation that characterizes rural librarianship.
NARSİSİZM İLE MARKA BAĞLILIĞI VE TAKLİT ÜRÜN SATIN ALMA EĞİLİMİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİLER
Authors: CAN Polat
Published: October 2019

Narsisizm; bireyin her zaman kazanma odaklı olması,

kaybetmeyi hazmedememesi ve dünyanın kendi etrafında döndüğüne inanması olarak

tanımlanabilir. Dilimizde ‘öz sevi’ olarak bilinen bu kavram bireyin kendisi

için hissetmiş olduğu değerlilik duygusudur. Normal narsisizmde her bireyin

sevme ve sevilmesi ihtiyaçken, patolojik narsisizmde diğer bireylerle olan

ilişkiler çıkar amaçlı olduğundan sağlıksızdır. Narsisizmin tüketici

davranışlarıyla ilişkisi ise göz ardı edilemeyecek kadar önem taşımaktadır.

Narsist eğilime sahip olan birey toplum tarafından kabul edilmenin satın alma

gücüyle ilişkili olduğunu düşünmektedir. Satın alma gücünün yüksek olması

bireyin kimliğinin daha ön planda olması anlamına gelmektedir. Dolayısıyla

benzersiz ve özel ürünler satın alarak toplumdaki imajlarını olumlu yönde

geliştirmek için çaba sarf etmektedirler. Faydacı ürünlerden çok sembolik

ürünlere yönelmeleri bununla açıklanabilir. Bu çalışmada; marka bağlılığı,

taklit eğilimi, ideal uyum ve gerçek uyum ile narsisizm kavramı incelenmiş olup

“benmerkezci, dominant olanlar, aşırı narsistler ve özgüveni eksik olanlar”

değişkenleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Cumhurbaşkanlığı Hükümet Sisteminin Yerel Yönetim Mevzuatına Etkileri
Authors: ÖNER Şerif
Published: October 2019

Türkiye’nin kamu

yönetimine ilişkin kurumsal değişim Cumhuriyetin ilanından günümüze kadar devam

etmiştir. Küresel ilişkiler, nüfus artışı, kentleşme, teknolojik değişimlerin

yanı sıra, işçi, memur, genç, engelli gibi farklı toplumsal kesimlerin ortaya

çıkışı yönetim anlayışını etkilemiştir. Önceleri hizmet odaklı kurumsal

yapılara olan talep yeni dönemde etkin, verimli, demokratik, denetlenebilir ve

katılımcı kurumlara doğru evrilmiştir.

Türkiye’de siyasi

karar alıcılar başta olmak üzere diğer aktörlerin toplumsal ve küresel değişim

taleplerine ilişkin yaklaşımları sistem üzerine odaklanmıştır. Sosyo-ekonomik,

siyasal sıkıntılar ve toplumsal ayrışma vb. sorunların giderilmesi için

önerilen model Cumhurbaşkanlığı Hükümet Sistemi (CHS) olmuştur. 2017 yılındaki

referandum ile parlamenter sistemden CHS’ne geçiş kabul edilmiştir. CHS tüm kamu

yönetimini ve yerel yönetimleri keskin bir değişime uğratmıştır. Belediyeler

başta olmak üzere, özel idare, köy ve birlik mevzuatında bazı önemli değişimler

gerçekleşmiştir. Çalışmamızın amacı CHS ile yerel yönetimler alanında ortaya

çıkan bu değişimi ortaya koymaktır. CHS tüm kamu yönetimini etkilemekle

birlikte çalışmanın kapsamı yerel yönetimler sınırlandırılmıştır.

Cumhurbaşkanlığı

Kararnameleri ve TBMM tarafından çıkarılan Kanun metinleri üzerinde araştırma

yapılmıştır. Bu çerçevede yapılan inceleme sonucunda yerel yönetimlerin teknik

ve yapısal açıdan önemli değişimler geçirdiği bulgusuna erişilmiştir. Araştırmanın

sonuçları yerel yönetim alanındaki ilgililere yönelik kapsamlı bir özet ve

değerlendirmeler şeklinde sunulmuştur.
Crises fébriles chez l’enfant : à propos d’une histoire familiale
Authors: de Suremain N. , Lecarpentier T. , Guedj R.
Published: October 2019

Les crises fébriles (CF) sont les crises convulsives les plus fréquentes prises en charge dans les services d’urgence dans la population des moins de cinq ans. Elles sont une crise accompagnée de fièvre, sans infection du système nerveux central, se produisant chez les enfants entre six mois et cinq ans. Les critères utilisés et enseignés pour classer les crises en simples ou complexes n’ont pas la même signification en pratique clinique pour prendre la décision d’effectuer une ponction lombaire et/ou une imagerie cérébrale, et pour l’indication de la prescription d’un antiépileptique de recours ou de fond. Certains facteurs sont prédictifs de la récurrence fébrile, tandis que d’autres sont prédictifs d’une épilepsie. À partir de deux cas cliniques de CF complexes, nous proposons une démarche de prise en charge et de faire une revue des syndromes épileptiques survenant au décours des CF chez le jeune nourrisson.
Évaluation du stress en post-partum des mères lors de la consultation postnatale
Authors: Riquet S. , Hinsinger E. , Bernard E. , Zakarian C.
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Pour l’OMS, le post-partum s’achève six à huit semaines après la naissance. Les facteurs de stress postnatal ont été appréciés chez des mères lors de la consultation postnatale. Une observation entre la perception du stress postnatal et celle du stress postaccouchement a été menée.

Matériel et méthode: Une étude descriptive des mères (n= 133), puis comparative entre primipares (n= 56) et multipares (n= 77) a été réalisée à l’aide de l’échelle psychométrique Post-Natal Perceived Stress Inventory (PNPSI).

Résultats: Les primipares se perçoivent significativement (p< 0,05) plus stressées sur le facteur de la relation avec leurs nourrissons, alors que les multipares sont significativement (p< 0,05) plus stressées sur la place du père auprès de l’enfant. La mort inattendue du nourrisson (MIN) est l’élément le plus stressant pour les mères, notamment les primipares (66 %). Ce stress est corrélé significativement (p< 0,05) avec celui qu’elles perçoivent sur leur fatigue, le sentiment d’être débordée et de ne pas savoir si leurs nourrissons mangent suffisamment. Le stress sur les rythmes et la santé du nourrisson est très significativement (p< 0,001) corrélé avec celui sur la MIN. À la consultation postnatale, elles sont moins stressées par la fatigue et l’allaitement contrairement au séjour en maternité, et 71 % ne sont plus du tout stressées par les soins à donner à leurs enfants.

Conclusion: Développer l’entretien postnatal précoce permettrait de soutenir les parents dans leurs rôles et de renseigner les mères sur la MIN à domicile.
Biodiesel Production From Sardine Flour Used Cooking Oil Using One Step Transesterification Techniques
Authors: Ernes Atmiral , Diana Sari Poppy , Hartati Rukmi Sari , Winaya I Nyoman Suprapta
Published: October 2019

Diesel oil demand as energy source at industrial, transportation and electric generating sector are increasing and it resulted with the decreasing of fossil energy source backup. Biodiesel as an alternative energy source to substitute diesel oil can be utilized from used fried oil of sardine flour. The purpose of this research was to develop the technology to convert used fried oil of sardine flour to become biodiesel using one step trans-esterification technic as an alternative of renewable energy source and also to utilize waste of used oil. Biodiesel made using one step trans-esterification technic with NaOH catalyst concentration 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0 (% m/m) from total weight of oil and methanol. Trans-esterification process run for 30, 60 and 90 minutes at 65 temperature. The biodiesel obtained was analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The quality was determined by comparing its physicochemical properties and compared to the SNI standard 04-7182-2015. The result of GC-MS showed 10 peaks corresponding to ten methyl ester (biodiesel): octanoic acid methyl ester; decanoic acid methyl ester; dodecanoic methyl ester; tridecanoic acid, 12-methyl-, methyl ester; pentadecanoic acid methyl ester; hexadecatrienoic acid methyl ester, 9-hexadecenoic acid methyl ester, 9-hexadecenoic acid methyl ester, trans-13-octadecenoic acid methyl ester, hexadecanoic acid methyl ester. The biodiesel obtained has a density of 908 kg/m3, viscosity of 3.13 mm2/s, acid value of 0.29 mg-KOH/g found in treatment 1.5% NaOH and time process of 60 minutes. Viscosity and acid value were in a good agreement with SNI standard 04-7182-2015. The research shows that used fried oil of sardine flour has possibility as biodiesel source.

Keywords: Biodiesel; sardine flour used cooking oil; trans-esterification
Chemical Characteristics Comparison of Palm Civet Coffee (Kopi Luwak) and Arabica Coffee Beans
Authors: Ifmalinda Ifmalinda , Setiasih Imas Siti , Muhaemin Mimin , Nurjanah Sarifah
Published: October 2019

Chemical characteristics of coffee are depended on types of coffee. Different types of coffee have the unique characteristic. Chemical components have significant effects on taste and aroma of brewing. Those characteristics are the result of volatile and nonvolatile components during roasting then affecting taste. Kopi Luwak has distinct chemical and taste from regular coffee. On previous research, Marcone (2004b) and Mahendratta et al. (2011) explained that quality improvement on Kopi Luwak is result of lower protein content and higher fat content compared to regular coffee. Lower protein content reduces bitter taste while higher fat content can increase body or feeling heavy. The aim of this research was to obtain information about chemical compound of Kopi Luwak and regular Arabica coffee. From this study, it can be analyzed that protein content of regular green coffee beans was 9.48%, and regular roasted bean was 11.3% while protein content of Kopi Luwak green bean was 8.8%, and its roasted bean was 10.12%. Further, caffeine content had been analyzed where regular coffee beans contained 0.70% and its roasted bean contained 0.61% while caffeine content of green bean from Kopi Luwak was 0.51%, and its roasted bean was 0.47%. pH valued was also observed where regular green bean was 6.7 and regular roasted bean was 6.9 while green bean of Kopi Luwak was 5.3 and its roasted bean 5.7. Moreover, sugar content of regular coffee beans was 1.9% and its roasted bean was 0.015% while sugar content of Kopi Luwak green bean was 1.6% while its roasted bean was 0.013%. Fat content of regular green coffee beans was 8.5% and its roasted bean was 11.7% while fat content of Kopi Luwak green bean was 9.3% and its roasted bean was 12.2%. Fatty acid content of regular coffee beans consisted of hexadecanoic acid with area 40.3%, Kopi Luwak bean was 44.3%, and octadecenoic content with area 2.46% while Kopi Luwak bean was 7.12%.
ОЦІНКА ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА ЩОДО СТВОРЕННЯ СПРИЯТЛИВОГО ІМІДЖУ НА РИНКУ ПРАЦІ
Authors: Гатило В. П.
Published: October 2019

Formulation of the problem. The article explores the issues of evaluation of the elements that form a positive or negative image of an enterprise in the labor market using modern management tools. The aim of the research is to describe the process of evaluating the effectiveness of the enterprise in terms of creating a favorable image in the labor market. The subject of the research is the process of forming the image policy of enterprises in the Ukrainian labor market. The methods of the research: the theoretical and methodological basis of the study were the provisions of the general scientific methodology, principles and patterns of construction, analysis and evaluation of the enterprise image management system. The hypothesis of the research is that the process of evaluating the performance of the enterprise in the labor market in the context of building a favorable image should be systematic, organized, aimed at comparing costs and results, as well as comparing these results with the results of activities for the baseline periods. The statement of basic materials. The evaluation of the interaction between enterprises and the labor market by three types of efficiency in the personnel policy of the enterprise: production, social and economic. The indicators of estimation of efficiency of formation of image on the labor market for each of the proposed directions are given. The originality and practical significance of the researchy: the proposed indicators of assessing the effectiveness of forming a favorable image of the enterprise in the labor market will allow to optimize the cost of personnel management and increase the competitiveness of the enterprise as a whole. Conclusions and perspectives of further research. The overall assessment of the project measures for the effective activity of enterprises in the aspect of image formation in the labor market will be to achieve the general goal in terms of its components, namely: winning a certain, fairly stable position in the labor market, meeting the requirements for employers and employees, optimization of costs for acquisition and further use of staff.
БЕЗКОНТАКТНЕ ЕЛЕКТРОЖИВЛЕННЯ ІМПЛАНТАТІВ
Authors: Олійник Володимир Петрович , Теличко Дар’я Вікторівна
Published: October 2019

The issues of long-term implants using in the human body are considered. Particular attention is paid to the problem of contactless supply of power to artificial organs with significant energy consumption. Using non-contact energy supply to a fully implanted technical device reduces the risk of infections getting into the patient's body as compared to the use of a power line that is output through internal tissues to the skin surface. The well-known developments of artificial heart apparatus were used as the object of analysis. Their main technical characteristics are considered. The maximum power consumption of these devices is about 20 watts, including models AbioCor. The design of the AbioCor was produced as a fully implanted contactless power unit, but the project was not completed. Although the principle of contactless power supply is undoubtedly an innovative step in the development of implant designs. As a result of the technical implementation of this principle, the following was obtained: it is advisable to use an alternating magnetic field with an inductive coupling between an external and an internal inductor for non-contact energy supply of implants; the use of frequencies of an alternating magnetic field of ~ 100 kHz makes it possible to obtain a compromise solution between the required depth of penetration into biotissues, insignificant heat formation in them and the size and mass of inductors. Under such conditions, the location in the body of the receiving inductor can be determined by medical recommendations. Evaluation experiments were carried out to determine the effective scheme of inclusion of the transmitting and receiving circuits, and the effect on the transmission coefficient of the electrophysical properties of the environment between them. It is shown that for working out of technical solutions of hardware realization of contactless power supply, implantation elements can be placed in saline solution as a model of bioenvironment. It is recommended to use serial element base and circuit solutions used for contactless power supply of radio electronic devices. Also, a quantitative assessment of the additional heat load of the implant on the human body was carried out, since part of the energy of the apparatus and its work, in accordance with the efficiency, inevitably goes into the heat eventually. A simplified calculation of the impact of implant energy losses on the thermal state of the body showed that overheating by 1 °C would be achieved provided the complete insulation of the area, on average, 8.6 hours. This proves the non-critical overheating of the body with implants, and allows the maintenance of a stable body temperature by physiological mechanisms.
简议水利工程施工中堤坝防渗加固技术
Authors: 付 金妍
Published: October 2019

堤坝作为水利工程的核心组成部分,在水利工程施工中占据重要作用。但是,水利工程中的堤坝在运行过程中,特别容易发生大面积渗漏,如果不采取合理的加固处理措施进行加固,会严重影响水利工程的安全性。鉴于此,本文重点研究水利工程施工环节堤坝防渗加固技术的具体应用。
浅谈水利工程施工管理的重要性和对策措施
Authors: 李 子明
Published: October 2019

在水利工程的施工中,要做好基础管理工作,以保障水利工程的整体质量与效果。处理好工程管理细节是保障工程有序进行的前提,对施工进度与工程安全有着重要意义。施工前必须做好准备工作,用完善的管理体系、科学的管理方法,确保水利工程项目得到更好的发展,带动我国水利事业进步。
浅谈高效节水灌溉工程的建设管理
Authors: 田 崇洋
Published: October 2019

近年来,我国为了落实三农以及水利措施的新方针政策,继续大力推进小型农田水利设施的建设,既可以保证国家的粮食安全也能够保持农村经济的可持续发展。为了更好地进行小型水利农田设施建设,中央也增大了资金扶持力度,重点建设为粮食主产区和粮食大县,在建设过程中重点支持高效节水灌溉建设。本文主要对高效节水灌溉工程的建设管理来进行分析。
防渗施工技术在水利堤防工程中的应用研究
Authors: 李 清贵
Published: October 2019

水利工程是一项民生工程,直接关系到人们的生命与财产安全。而防渗施工技术作为水利堤防工程中的关键施工技术,特别是在大型河流或是支流中,应用防渗施工技术是预防洪涝灾害的有效路径。在水利堤防工程中很容易发生渗漏问题,严重影响着水利工程的整体质量。基于此,本文简要分析了水利堤防工程,重点研究了防渗施工技术的有效应用,以切实保证水利工程的安全性与稳定性。
水土保持工程生态化改造工程措施探究
Authors: 邢 继东
Published: October 2019

如今,我国经济发展水平日渐提高,工程建设速度明显加快,但是由此也引发了诸多的生态环境问题,阻碍了我国生态建设。而水土保持工程可十分有效地优化生态环境。本文主要分析了水土保持工程生态化改造工程措施,以供参考。
基于光伏电站主要工序施工工艺及质量控制要点分析
Authors: 王 冠深
Published: October 2019

对于光伏电站来讲,其在实际运行的过程中,主要是通过光伏发电系统,不断加强电网输电的一种绿色能源的项目。在实际对其主要工序施工工艺进行把握的过程中,可以充分发挥自身的资源优势,对其基础施工支架安装等相关的环节进行有效的支撑。而本人在探究的过程中,主要是对光伏电站主要工序施工工艺及质量控制的相关要点进行分析,在这个过程中,可以切实的理解加强光伏电站相关环节控制与管理的重要意义。
有关泵站电气自动化的探讨
Authors: 卞 清
Published: October 2019

随着社会发展水平的稳定提升,各行各业发展水平也有了显著提升,其中水利工程作为一项关系着民生发展的重要问题,其自动化发展逐渐成为了当前人们关注的重点。在水利工程管理中,泵站的发挥作用越来越重要。泵站自动化建设不仅直接关系着人民生产生活的安全,还将对我国经济建设产生直接影响。但是研究中发现,目前我国泵站操作程序和管理能力仍然十分有限,要想在今后发挥更大更稳定的作用,就要充分认识到自动化的优势,在不断认识问题的基础上,实现泵站管理水平的全面提升。
谈水利工程管理及其养护问题
Authors: 陈 传伟
Published: October 2019

水利工程作为国家重要的基础设施,其管理与养护将直接关系到洪涝灾害的控制效果。因此,应针对水利工程管理和养护中存在的问题制定科学合理的解决措施,以确保水利工程作用的发挥。文章就对水利工程管理及养护问题进行探讨,以供借鉴。
健全水资源资产管理体制的思考与建议
Authors: 欧 杰
Published: October 2019

水是人的生命之源,也是人类赖以生存和发展的昀重要的物质资源。我国目前的水资源状况不佳,我国是人口大国,对水资源的需求是源源不断的。我国大多数的水资源都是污染严重的。根据调查我国的人均水资源是全球昀匮乏的国家。比起能源资源石油来说,水资源已成为昀昀稀缺性的资源,除此之外水资源也是作为基础性的资源和核心资源,在水资源的利用管理上更加需要政策上的重视。本文就从健全水资源资产管理体制方面入手,从国家层次,水资源的流域方面和不同区域这三个方面进行分析,并提出建议。
小型农田水利工程的施工建设及其管理研究
Authors: 闫 世荣
Published: October 2019

由于我国经济的快速发展,我国新农村的建设也取得了重大的突破,在这其中,小型农田水利工程的相关工作可以说对我国整体的水利工程发展起到了重大的影响,尤其是在小型农田的水利工程管理与建设方面,其已经逐渐朝向节约型、高效型的方向发展,所以,必须要提高对小型农田水利工程施工建设的管理,提高管理质量。基于此,本文主要对小型农田水利工程的施工建设及其管理进行深入研究,希望能够为相关人士提供帮助。
PERANCANGAN AWAL PABRIK BIOHIDROGEN DARI LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN FERMENTASI ANAEROBIK PADA KONDISI TERMOFILIK
Authors: Bambang Trisakti  , Irvan  , Hari Tiarasti  , Irma Suraya
Published: October 2019

Indonesia has a lot of natural resources which is deficient to fulfill the energy demand of consumers, particularly fuel. Therefore, the government keeps on promoting the search for alternative energy. One of these is hydrogen. Hydrogen is an environmental friendly product that does not produce carbon emissions. In the formation of hydrogen we can use carbohydrate-rich waste as a raw material and by using fermentation process. However, it is still limited research only. So this encourage us to design biohydrogen plant from palm oil mill effluent (POME) with the conditions of thermophilic anaerobic fermentation in order to accomplish the needs of consumers and contribute in developing clean technologies. For the production capacity of 495.1694 tons / year, the total investment required to build a factory of biohydrogen in Indonesia is Rp. 507,190,573,523, - with a total production cost of Rp. 354,636,600,139, -. Parameter feasibility of the production capacity of 495.1694 tons / year is the total product sales of Rp 174,261,989.701, - and net income 180,030,185,327, -. Profit Margin (PM) 41.9% Break Even Point (BEP) 45.24%, Return on Investment (ROI) 35.5%, Pay Out Time (POT) 2.82 years, Return of Network (RON) 59.16%, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) 53.52 %.
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI Li YANG DI-DOPING KE DALAM KATALIS CaO TERHADAP REAKSI TRANSESTERIFIKASI MINYAK SAWIT
Authors: Muhammad Tarmidzi  , Andre Y. Putra  , Renita Manurung  , Tjahjono Herawan
Published: October 2019

The development of biodiesel which is derived  from Crude Palm Oil (CPO) shows a risingtrend  forpetroleum-based energy reserves are running low.Oil palm is the largestplantation commodity in Indonesia, so, it has high potential as raw material of biodiesel.Transesterification is a reaction of producingbiodiesel (methyl ester). Nevertheless, CPO is easy to be degraded byhydrolysis, so, it couldincrease the amount of Free Fatty Acid (FFA) content which hampers transesterification process. As a consequence, there is formation of soaps as side product. Tomaximize the production of biodiesel which is derived frompalm oil that contains of large amount of  FFA (low grade CPO)  one of the waysis by applying catalyst through doped-process. This research is held togive  information about the effect of Li+ion concentration (inLiNO3 form) which is doped to calcium oxide (CaO) to palm oil transesterification with the large amount ofFFA to produce methyl ester, attemperature of 120oC,the ratio of methanol:CPO = 12:1 (mol/mol), catalyst amount 2,5% (w/w) CPO, for 3,5 hours and usespressured reactor. The variable of research is Liconcentration that isdoped to CaO with concentration:  0%, 1% and 4% (w/w) CaO. The parameter test is methyl ester content that is derived from the result of transesterification with GasChromatography (GC) analysis. The research shows that Li+ion that is doped to CaO catalyst could increase the reaction of methyl ester production which is derived from low grade CPO with FFA>3,5 %, in which the finest of Liconcentration that is doped to CaO is 1%, with result of 90,88% methyl ester.
APLIKASI KARBON AKTIF DARI CANGKANG KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN AKTIVATOR H3PO4 UNTUK PENYERAPAN LOGAM BERAT Cd DAN Pb
Authors: Erika Mulyana Gultom  , M. Turmuzi Lubis
Published: October 2019

This research aims to determine the optimum conditions ofactivated carbon made of palm shells activated with H3PO4as an absorber of heavy metals such as Cd and Pb. The research methodology includes the preparation of activated carbon, absorption, and testing. Absorption stage is done by varying the concentration of heavy metals are 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm, 20 ppm and activated carbon mass per run, which is0.5 grams. Another variable are the contact time with intervals of 5 minutes and the pH arranged heavy metals 2-9. Testing activated carbon absorption to heavy metals using atomic adsorption spectrofotometric (AAS). The results showed that the most optimum absorption is concentration of 10 ppm, 40 minutes and pH absorption3-4. Absorption of heavy metals Cd and Pb obtained 84,61 % and 80,13 %.
KARAKTERISASI POLIMER KONDUKTIF POLIPIROL BERPENGISI SERBUK BAN UNTUK MENDETEKSI KONDUKTIVITAS MINYAK
Authors: Satriaji Sudigdo  , Rizky Dharmawan  , Hamidah Harahap
Published: October 2019

Conductive polymer sensor based polypyrrole (ppy) and tire dust and 1,4-methyl-pyrrolidinone was made by using polymerization process. The polymerization process was prepared at temperature 100°C in boiling water for 30 minutes. Conductive polymer sensor is undergone several type of analysis including electrical conductivity, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR),and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The test used some kind of oil (palm oil,corn oil, diesel, and engine oil). The conductivity test result shows that sensor-4 (contain 20 phr of tire dust) in 80°C at 30 minutes had the highest conductivity. Scanning Electron Microscopy result shows the rough surface and well dispersed of tire dust in polypyrrole/tire dust blends. The XRD analysis shows the Face Centered Cubic (FCC) crystallographic structure of the sensor. The oil conductivity test shows that the corn oil is more reactive than others.
PENGARUH UKURAN PARTIKEL DAN KOMPOSISI ABU SEKAM PADI HITAM TERHADAP SIFAT KEKUATAN TARIK KOMPOSIT POLIESTER TIDAK JENUH
Authors: Rotua Adryani  , Maulida
Published: October 2019

This research was aimed to investigate the effect of black rice husk ash particle size and black rice husk ash composition as filler in tensile strength of unsaturated polyester composites. The composites were made with open mixing method by mixing unsaturated polyester with black rice husk ash with particle size variation of 100 mesh and 250 mesh, and volume fraction ratio between filler and matrix 95/5 : 90/10 : 85/15 : 80/20 then added with 1% methyl ethyl ketone peroxide as catalizer into mixture of unsaturated polyester and black rice husk ash. Tests performed are tensile, elongation at break, and Young’s modulus. The result of obtained at a ratio 95/5 with a particle size of 100 and 250 mesh was 24,413 MPa and 24,689 MPa.
PEMBUATAN ETIL ASETAT DARI HASIL HIDROLISIS, FERMENTASI DAN ESTERIFIKASI KULIT PISANG RAJA (Musa paradisiaca L.)
Authors: Sari Liza Azura Nst  , Reni Sutri  , Iriany
Published: October 2019

Ethyl acetate is a clear liquid, colorless, smelling typical which commonly used as a flavor enhancer. Banana peels contain high valuable components, such as carbohydrates, vitamin C, calcium and other nutrients. The purpose of this study was to utilize the ‘raja’ banana peel waste (Musa paradisiaca L.) in the making of ethyl acetate. Variations in this experiment is comparison of raw materials and water 1: 4; 1: 7; 1:10 and hydrolysis temperature of 50oC, 60oC, 70oC. At first banana peel was scraped, dried and mashed to make banana peel powder.The content of carbohydrates in the ’Raja’ banana  peel powder is 45.21% (w/w). Banana  peel powder was hydrolyzed into water for 180 minutes using acid hydrocloric acid as catalist. The hydrolysis product was fermented for 24 hours using instant  yeast 'Fermipan' and then was distilled. The Distillation product was esterified with acetic acid and hydrochloric acid as catalyst for 15 minutes at 60°C. The influence of various process variables were observed in this experiment. The maximum ethyl acetate yield was obtained 70.377%  at condition of raw materials and water ratio = 1:10 and hydrolysis temperature of 50oC. The results obtained in this experiment showed that the ‘raja’ banana peel can be used as an alternative raw material which low cost and easy to obtain to produce ethyl acetate.
EKSTRAKSI MULTI TAHAP KURKUMIN DARI TEMULAWAK (Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb.) MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT ETANOL
Authors: Dwimas Anggoro  , Rajian Sobri Rezki  , Siswarni MZ
Published: October 2019

Curcumin is a pigment in turmeric (Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb.), which has an orange-yellow crystal appearance, and commonly being used as a colouring agent. Extraction method which is used in extracting curcumin from turmeric is one stage extraction. This research will study a multi stage extraction of curcumin from turmeric. The purposes of this research is to find the best condition in extracting curcumin using multi stages extraction method to increase the efficiency rate in curcumin extraction. This research used ethanol as a solvent, and effect from variables such as extraction time, solvent concentration, and number of extraction stages are observed. Extraction times are 60 minutes, 120 minutes, and 180 minutes. Variations of ethanol concentration are 50%, 70%, and 96%. Stage numbers of extraction are two stages extraction and three stages extraction. Extracts of curcumin are examined with qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. The best condition of multi stages curcumin extraction is determined based on yield and content of curcumin. The maximum yield obtained in this study was 16,35 % with conditions 180 minutes extraction time, 96% ethanol concentration, and three stages extraction. The highest content of curcumin obtained is 2,617% with conditions 180 minutes extraction time, 96% ethanol concentration, and three stages extraction. Content means a fraction of yield. These results show that increase in the extraction time, the solvent concentration and the stage numbers of extraction will increase the yield and content of curcumin.
PENGARUH WAKTU DAN SUHU PEMBAKARAN DALAM PEMBUATAN ABU DARI KULIT BUAH MARKISA SEBAGAI SUMBER ALKALI
Authors: Hari Surya Purnama  , Herbert  , Rondang Tambun
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum of combustion time and temperature of ash production from purple passion fruit peel (Parcilora idollis Sims f edulis Deg.). The experiment was begun to dry passion fruit peel, then combustion to obtaine the ash from passion fruit peel. The combustion was done by muffle furnace which time variables were from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 hours and burning temperature variables were from 400 oC, 500 oC, 600 oC, 700 oC. The potassium that contained in ash have been extracted by distilled water with volume comparison was 1 : 10 for 24 hours. Observed responses were ash content, normality, pH, conductivity and potassium oxide content (% K2O). The best result of ash was in 5 hours with temperature 500 oC. The ash was analyzed by using AAS Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, and 39,95 % of potassium oxide (K2O) content was obtained as maximum result.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN INOKULUM, LAMA FERMENTASI DAN PENGADUKAN PADA PEMBUATAN VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) MENGGUNAKAN KHAMIR SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE MURNI
Authors: Jernika Simangunsong  , Elisa Febrina  , Zuhrina Masyithah
Published: October 2019

Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is coconut oil that processed without heating. This study about fermentation of VCO using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The purposes of this research is to find the best condition like stirring times, stirring speeds,  fermentation times and concentration of inoculum in the process of making VCO. The variation of stirring speeds are 25 rpm, 50 rpm, 75 rpm, 100 rpm and 125 rpm. Stirring time used was 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 60 minutes and 75 minutes. The variation of fermentation times are 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours, 24 hours, and 30 hours and variation concentration of inoculum are 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. For stirring effects, the highest yield was obtained 24,5% with stirring speed is 50 rpm and stirring time is 30 minutes and the lowest yield was obtained 8,5% with stirring speed is100 rpm and stirring time 75 minutes. For fermentation times and concentration inoculum effets, the highest yield was obtained from this research is 28,25% with addition inoculum is 10% and fermentation times is 24 hours. And the lowest yield is 15% with addition inoculum is 20% and fermentation times is 12 hours. The results of this research for stirring effects showed decreases yield of VCO and for the fermentation time showed increases yield of VCO and concentration inoculum showed no effect for  yield of VCO.
PEMBUATAN ASAM OKSALAT DARI PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT MENGGUNAKAN METODE PELEBURAN ALKALI
Authors: Seri Maulina  , M Hidayat Hasibuan
Published: October 2019

Palm frond is one of the solid waste from oil palm plantations which contains lignocellulose namely cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Cellulose from waste palm fronds can be further processed into useful products and economic value, one of which is used as raw material for making oxalic acid. The purpose of this research is assess the effect of temperature and reaction time in the hydrolysis of palm fronds with alkali fusion method of producing oxalic acid. The research consisted of two stages that is the stage of preparation of palm fronds and the stage of oxalic acid synthesis, which include alkali fusion and crystallization processes. Analysis of the raw materials include the analysis of water content and cellulose content of palm fronds. From the results of this study showed water content is 53.7% and cellulose content is 30.9%. At this research for quantitative analysis includes the conversion of cellulose and yield oxalic acid. From these results obtained optimum conditions at a reaction temperature of 90 °C and a reaction time of 60 minutes the cellulosic conversion is 79.2% and a yield is 59.6% oxalic acid. For qualitative analysis includes purity analysis using FTIR and melting point analysis. FTIR analysis results indicate that the group has approached the standard of oxalic acid and melting point of 101.8 °C which indicates that the oxalic acid is obtained in the form of oxalic acid dihydrate.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN BENTONIT TERMODIFIKASI SEBAGAI PENGISI TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK DAN PENYERAPAN AIR KOMPOSIT EPOKSI
Authors: Alvian  , Kenrick  , Iriany
Published: October 2019

Research about the application of modified bentonite as filler in epoxy has been done for the purpose of getting the best composition of modified bentonite as filler at epoxy composite to obtain the best mechanical properties such as tensile strength, impact strength and the water absorption. In this research, epoxy resin mixed with bentonite which have been modified using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant with various concentrations of 0,05M, 0,1M, and 0,15M. Modified bentonite filler and TiO2 then mixed with epoxy resin with various concentration of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of filler from the total mass of the composite and then the composite was produced with hand lay-up method. The result of FTIR characterization showed that the bond between matrix and the filler produced was only interfacial bonding. The result of the mechanical properties test indicated that 5% of filler composition with 0,1M of surfactant concentration obtained the maximum value of tensile strength and mechanical strength respectively 33,667 MPa and 12564,9 J/m2. The result of mechanical properties test was supported by analysis of Scaning Electron Microscopy (SEM). On the test of water absorption, the water absorption capacity increased along with the increased of filler composition.
PEMBUATAN KARBON AKTIF DARI CANGKANG BUAH KARET DENGAN AKTIVATOR H3PO¬4 DAN APLIKASINYA SEBAGAI PENJERAP Pb(II)
Authors: Joko Murtono  , Iriany
Published: October 2019

Activated carbon necessity in Indonesia was increasing along with the developments of the industriaization era. Based on natural product in Indonesia, probably activated carbon necessity could be guaranteed by domestic production. Rubber shells were solid waste which has potential for multiple uses such as raw materials for the manufacture of activated carbon. In this researched, rubber shells waste were processed into activated charcoal. The aim of this researhed was to determine the effect of the concentration of phosphoric acid activator toward the characteristics of the activated carbon and activated carbon absorption capacity to Pb(II). Shells rubber that passed by the of 100 mesh sieve was impregnated with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) as activator in the ratio fruit shells rubber: phosphoric acid (b:b) of 1:2 and varying concentrations of H3PO4 at 20%, 40%, and 60% for 1 hour. After immersion in the acid, then material was carbonized in a furnace at temperature 500 oC for 1 hour. Surface area of activated carbon was analyzed by usning Braunanear, Emmelt and Teller and concentration of adsorption of Pb(II) was measured by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The results showed the general characteristics of activated carbon comparable to the Indonesian National Standard. The largest adsorption capasity percentage 74% is obtained using Rubber shell activated carbon that activated by 20% phosphoric acid .
LEACHING KALIUM DARI ABU KULIT COKLAT (Theobroma cacao L.) MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT AIR
Authors: Lilis Sukeksi  , Rizka Dwi Hidayati  , Aulia Bismar Paduana
Published: October 2019

Recently much attention has been dedicated to generate of useful chemicals from biomass, such as potassium alkali from cacao husk. This potassium can be used as sources of alkali for soap manufacturing. The cacao husks were treated by leaching using water as a solvent to produce alkali potash. First step, the cacao husks and then were dried at 105 ºC for 24 hours. The dried of cacao husk was crashed using ball mill and resulting husk powder were burned in a furnace at 600 ºC for 6 hours and resulting the husk ash powder. The husk ash powder mass variables used in this leaching process were 5 g, 7.5 g and 10 g and the leaching time variables were 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes. Meanwhile the leaching temperature variables were 45 ºC, 55 ºC and 65 ºC. The best temperature condition in this process was 65 ºC and leaching time 60 minutes, with the result of potash concentration was 1,01 N and the amount of potash as a potassium hydroxide is 39,91% was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscop (AAS).
EFEK TEKANAN PADA PERFORMANSI PEMANAS AIR TENAGA SURYA SISTEM PIPA PANAS DENGAN FLUIDA KERJA R718
Authors: Himsar Ambarita
Published: October 2019

In this work a heat pipe type solar water heater using R178 as a refrigerant is studied experimentally. The objective is to investigate the effect of initial vacuum pressure on the performance of the solar water heater. An experimental apparatus that consists of three difference solar water heaters has been designed and fabricated. The heat pipe is filled with R178 and vacuumed at an initial pressure. The pressure is varied from 35 cm Hg, 40 cm Hg, and 45 cm Hg. The experimental apparatus is tested by exposing to solar irradiance in Medan city of Indonesia. The experiments are carried out for three different days. The averaged solar intensity at the first, second and third experiments are 497.76 W/m2, 405.27 W/m2, and 333.83 W/m2, respectively. The results show that maximum temperature of the hot water varies from 51.14oC and 62.22oC. In the first experiment, thermal efficiency of the solar water heater at initial vacuum pressure 35 cm Hg, 40 cm Hg, and 45 cm Hg are 30,94%, 32,01% and 34,38%, respectively. The similar trends are also shown in the second and third experiments. These facts suggest that R178 can be used as a refrigerant in a heat pipe solar water heater with a good performance. The higher vacuum initial pressure of the heat pipe results in higher thermal efficiency. The higest thermal efficiency of the present study is 45.92%. It occurs at initial pressure and average irridiance of 45 cm Hg and 333.83W/m2.
Micro Small and Medium Enterprises Accessibility to Financing at Islamic Microfinance Institution in Indonesia
Authors: Paramita Metti , Brawijaya Andri , Munawar Wildan
Published: October 2019

Micro small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) role for a region is very strategic. MSMEs can support large industries, but there are many obstacles in MSMEs operations, one of which is capital. This study aims to determine the financing access that can be obtained by MSMEs on Islamic Microfinance Institution. Analytical techniques in this research is qualitative descriptive technique. The results of this study shows that MSMEs can possibly have access to financing from Islamic microfinance institution if it meets some specified criteria, such as business age, turnover and distance MSMEs.
Clinical and laboratory prognostic indicators for fertility in sheep
Authors: Vlasenko S. , Zhulinska O. , Yeroshenko O.
Published: October 2019

With the use of technology of artificial insemination in sheep farms are not yet defined criteria for assessing the full value of the preparation of females for insemination, and hence – the possibility of prediction and correction of their fertilization, which prevents the rational use of cryopreserved semen and ensuring the maximum reception of the offspring. We have proved the prognostic importance of fertilization of the morphofunctional state of the vulva and the vagina and the quality of mucus in sheep breeds during estrus. The material of the study was 327 sheep of ascanian breeding, which during the sexual intercourse before insemination examined the vulva, vagina and evaluated the estrus slime (number, color, consistency, presence of impurities, elasticity, electrical resistance, type of crystallization, protein content). The results of ultrasound diagnosis of pregnancy were determined by the fertility of sheep with different integral compositions of clinical and laboratory parameters.
It has been established that in sheep, in which fertility in the first sexual cycle reached 65.1%, most often found a pink, moderately edematous vulva with clear mucus. In females with pale mucous membrane and insignificant amount of mucus, the effectiveness of inseminates declined to 53.3-58.0%. In a significant amount of estral mucus, the proportion of infertile animals increased twofold. At the same time, the selection of liquid, but cloudy, or thick mucus is a sign of an unfavorable prognosis, in which fertility decreases by 1.8-2.1 times (p <0.001). Dense, white, paste-like isolates were observed in a small number of sheep, mostly bright at the beginning of the anestral season. Low fertility in the first sexual hunting (35.5%) and a high multiplicity of repeated inseminations (29.0%) indicate that sheep with thick estral slime are only beginning to enter the sexual season, and this quality of secrecy indicates an inadequate estrogenization of the body.
It was also found that in the infertile sheep during sexual hunting, the protein content of cervical mucus was 4.8 times higher, and the elasticity of mucus was reduced by 2.9 times. The most prevalent was the prognosis of average fertilization (53.3-58.0%), which was recorded in 62.9% of experimental sheep. The prognosis of high fertilization, which resulted in 62.5-65.1% of oseminins, was found in 27.8% of females. At the same time, the number of females with a fertility forecast at 40% was only 3.1%, and the prevalence of an unfavorable prognosis, in which fertility was the smallest (30.0-35.5%), reached 6.2%.
Key words: sheep, askanian breeding, estrus, fertility prognosis, estral mucus, vulva, vagina, artificial insemination.
The Selection of Best Employee by using Analytical Hierarchy Process Method in Go Wet Water Park
Authors: Supriyanti Supriyanti , Destiana Henny
Published: October 2019

In a company, human resource is something that must really be considered, the company must have good quality of human resources and be able to work well so that the company's sustainability can be maintained. To maintain the quality and existence of its employees, the company needs to give appreciation to its employees so that employees are motivated to work better. Employees are not motivated to work better because there is no model employee selection yet. Selecting and determining model employees requires a method or decision support system to support the selection of model employees. There are many methods that can be used to select model employees, one of which is the Analytical Hierarchy Process method. To support the selection of model employees, software that can make it easier to determine model employees is needed. The software used is Expert Choice 2000 software. The results obtained from research on the selection of model employees using the Analytical Hierarchy Process method in Go Wet Water Park are employees named Nugraha successfully selected as a model employee in the company with an overall inconsistency of 0.1.