bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges to a molecular approach to prey identification in the Burmese python,Python molurus bivittatus
Authors: Falk Bryan G. , Reed Robert N.
Published: November 2015

Molecular approaches to prey identification are increasingly useful in elucidating predator–prey relationships, and we aimed to investigate the feasibility of these methods to document the species identities of prey consumed by invasive Burmese pythons in Florida. We were particularly interested in the diet of young snakes, because visual identification of prey from this size class has proven difficult. We successfully extracted DNA from the gastrointestinal contents of 43 young pythons, as well as from several control samples, and attempted amplification of DNA mini-barcodes, a 130-bp region ofCOX1. Using a PNA clamp to exclude python DNA, we found that prey DNA was not present in sufficient quality for amplification of this locus in 86% of our samples. All samples from the GI tracts of young pythons contained only hair, and the six samples we were able to identify to species were hispid cotton rats. This suggests that young Burmese pythons prey predominantly on small mammals and that prey diversity among snakes of this size class is low. We discuss prolonged gastrointestinal transit times and extreme gastric breakdown as possible causes of DNA degradation that limit the success of a molecular approach to prey identification in Burmese pythons.
Preceptor doctors' assessment of the clinical skills of chiropractic externs
Authors: Hynes Roger J.R. , Callender Alana K. , Hynes Rachelle A. , Gran Donald F.
Published: November 2015

Objective: This study surveyed preceptor doctors' opinions of student competence before and after a chiropractic preceptorship.

Methods: The qualitative and quantitative survey asked doctors about the competence of externs in various skills and asked opened-ended questions about the strengths and weaknesses of the externs. The survey was conducted using a common Web-based platform called SurveyMonkey.

Results: A total of 125 doctors responded to the survey. The doctors tended to agree that they saw a positive change in the skills of the externs over time. Externs presented to the preceptors lacking in confidence and office management skills. The preceptors reported an increase from 2.7 to 3.9 on a 5.0 Likert scale in the students' confidence in adjusting skills during the preceptorship. The preceptor doctors were split on students' preparedness in chiropractic adjusting technique, reporting it as both the strongest and the weakest presenting skill.

Conclusion: Preceptor doctors perceived that their student externs were academically qualified but were weaker in the clinical application of procedures. Results from this survey suggest that the preceptor program can improve the confidence levels and practice management knowledge of chiropractic externs.
Establishing force and speed training targets for lumbar spine high-velocity, low-amplitude chiropractic adjustments*
Authors: Owens Edward F. , Hosek Ronald S. , Sullivan Stephanie G.B. , Russell Brent S. , Mullin Linda E. , Dever Lydia L.
Published: November 2015

Objective: We developed an adjusting bench with a force plate supporting the lumbar portion to measure loads transmitted during lumbar manual adjustment. It will be used to provide force-feedback to enhance student learning in technique labs. The study goal is to define the learning target loads and speeds, with instructors as expert models.

Methods: A total of 11 faculty members experienced in teaching Gonstead technique methods performed 81 simulated adjustments on a mannequin on the force plate. Adjustments were along 9 lumbopelvic “listings” at 3 load levels: light, normal, and heavy. We analyzed the thrusts to find preload, peak load, duration, and thrust rate.

Results: Analysis of 891 thrusts showed wide variations between doctors. Peak loads ranged from 100 to 1400 N. All doctors showed clear distinctions between peak load levels, but there was overlap between high and low loads. Thrust rates were more uniform across doctors, averaging 3 N/ms.

Conclusion: These faculty members delivered a range of thrusts, not unlike those seen in the literature for high velocity, low amplitude manipulation. We have established at least minimum force and speed targets for student performance, but more work must be done to create a normative adjustment to guide refinement of student learning.
Echoes of Concern—AI and Moral Agency in Medicine
Authors: Hull Sarah C. , Fins Joseph J.
Published: September 2024

This essay describes concerns that use of artificial intelligence (AI) as a replacement rather than a supplement in the provision of medical care may lead to loss of the art of medicine and the collaborative partnership between physician and patient.
A shift in chromatin binding of phosphorylated p38 precedes transcriptional changes upon oxidative stress
Authors: Camilleri‐Robles Carlos , Climent‐Cantó Paula , Llorens‐Giralt Palmira , Klein Cecilia C. , Serras Florenci , Corominas Montserrat
Published: September 2024

P38 mitogen‐activated protein kinases are key in the regulation of the cellular response to stressors. P38 is known to regulate transcription, mRNA processing, stability, and translation. The transcriptional changes mediated by phosphorylated p38 (P‐p38) in response to extracellular stimuli have been thoroughly analyzed in many tissues and organisms. However, the genomic localization of chromatin‐associated P‐p38 remains poorly understood. Here, we analyze the chromatin binding of activated P‐p38 and its role in the response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Drosophila S2 cells. We found that P‐p38 is already bound to chromatin in basal conditions. After ROS exposure, chromatin‐associated P‐p38 relocates towards genes involved in the recovery process. Our findings highlight the role of P‐p38 dynamic chromatin binding in orchestrating gene expression responses to oxidative stress.
Neural Operator Approximations for Boundary Stabilization of Cascaded Parabolic PDEs
Authors: Lv Kaijing , Wang Junmin , Cao Yuandong
Published: September 2024

This article proposes a novel method to accelerate the boundary feedback control design of cascaded parabolic difference equations (PDEs) through DeepONet. The backstepping method has been widely used in boundary control problems of PDE systems, but solving the backstepping kernel function can be time‐consuming. To address this, a neural operator (NO) learning scheme is leveraged for accelerating the control design of cascaded parabolic PDEs. DeepONet, a class of deep neural networks designed for approximating nonlinear operators, has shown potential for approximating PDE backstepping designs in recent studies. Specifically, we focus on approximating gain kernel PDEs for two cascaded parabolic PDEs. We utilize neural operators to map only two kernel functions, while the other two are computed using the analytical solution, thus simplifying the training process. We establish the continuity and boundedness of the kernels, and demonstrate the existence of arbitrarily close DeepONet approximations to the kernel PDEs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the DeepONet approximation gain kernels ensure stability when replacing the exact backstepping gain kernels. Notably, DeepONet operator exhibits computation speeds two orders of magnitude faster than PDE solvers for such gain functions, and their theoretically proven stabilizing capability is validated through simulations.
Chronic Biosymbiotic Electrophysiology
Authors: Clausen David , Stuart Tucker , Kasper Kevin Albert , McGuire Thomas Dylan , Dabdoub Juan Pablo , Russell Austin , Perez Dania , Sathishkumaraselvam Vasanth , Miller Avery , Roberts Siena , Gutruf Philipp
Published: September 2024

Continuous monitoring of electrophysiological biosignals such as electrocardiogram (ECG) and bioimpedance (BioZ) rely on gel‐based electrodes and adhesive skin interfaces requiring active patient interaction inherently restricting chronic use. Current solutions aimed at addressing seamless, comfortable, and reliable recordings with dry electrodes use battery power and are limited to days of operation with clinical‐grade fidelity. Here, current limitations are overcome by uniting at‐distance wirelessly powered wearable electronics with carbon‐doped filament deposition modeling (FDM) printed dry electrodes that overcome impedance degradation by seamless integration into textile and biosymbiotic systems, allowing for high‐fidelity operation over indefinite timescales. These capabilities are demonstrated with ECG during work, activity, and sleep and BioZ recordings documenting gains in forearm training over weeks.
Continuous‐Gradient Mineralized Hydrogel Synthesized via Gravitational Osmosis for Osteochondral Defect Repair
Authors: Sun Rongtai , Zhang Qiang , Yu Congcong , Zhu Yiwei , Zheng Yang , Gu Tianyuan , Ye Lin , Yang Wentao , Ying Xiaozhang , Xu Yiyang , Fan Shunwu , Tang Ruikang , Qi Weiming , Yao Shasha
Published: September 2024

The repair of hierarchical osteochondral defects requires complex gradient reconstruction at different levels, with continuous‐gradient mineralization being crucial. Strategies for achieving continuous‐gradient mineralization have rarely been reported. Here, a continuous‐gradient mineralized hydrogel is prepared using simple gravitational osmosis of a ≈2 nm amorphous calcium phosphate nanocluster (ACPC) suspension into composite organic frameworks for osteochondral regeneration. During gravitational infiltration, ACPC underwent gradual mineralization, resulting in the spontaneous formation of hydroxyapatite (HAP). The continuous‐gradient mineralized hydrogel aligned closely with the normal osteochondral structure, thereby effectively promoting repair of the cartilage and subchondral bone. In the cartilage layer, organic compounds improved the oxidative stress environment induced by injury and complemented the extracellular matrix of the cartilage. In the subchondral bone layer, HAP from the continuously mineralized hydrogel induced intracellular calcium accumulation in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), activating calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase 2 (CaMK2) and promoting osteogenic differentiation of MSCs through the calcium signaling pathway. Ultimately, compared with the nongradient hydrogel, this innovative gradient mineralization method exhibited significantly enhanced regeneration capabilities for osteochondral defects, as evidenced by metrics, such as bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and trabecular number (Tb.N). This holistic strategy provides hope in the field of osteochondral repair.
Structural‐Functional‐Integrated Ultra‐Wideband Microwave‐Absorbing Composites Based on In Situ‐Grown Graphene Meta‐nanointerface
Authors: Cao Yuchen , Ye Fang , Liang Jie , Qi Lehua , Mo Ran , Huang Bo , Cheng Laifei , Song Qiang
Published: September 2024

Ultra‐wideband microwave absorbing (MA) materials covering the low‐frequency range (2–6 GHz) are highly desirable in civil and military fields. These materials can be fabricated based on the design of electromagnetic meta‐structure. Herein, a structural‐functional‐integrated ultra‐wideband SiO2 fiber reinforced cyanate ester (CE) MA composite based on an in situ‐grown graphene meta‐nanointerface layer (GrMI) (SiO2f/GrMI/CE) is reported. The relationship between the periodic structure of the graphene nano‐interface layer and the MA performance is discussed through experiments and simulations. The results show that SiO2f/GrMI/CE with a thickness of 8.78 mm exhibits an effective absorption bandwidth of 15.46 GHz (2.54–18 GHz). Remarkably, the reflection loss remains basically unchanged upon increasing the incident angle from 5° to 50°. Additionally, GrMI is an effective load‐bearing constituent, which increases the interfacial shear stress between SiO2f and the CE by ≈210% and contributes to achieving composites with an ultra‐high flexural strength (552.7 MPa). The excellent structural‐functional‐integrated performances ensure that the SiO2f/GrMI/CE composites are suitable for use as the skin materials of microwave stealth aircraft and other civil facilities. The work provides a novel pathway for the design of thinner, wider, lighter, and stronger MA components.
Tunable Magnetism in 2D Organic‐Ion‐Intercalated MnPS3 via Molecule‐Dependent Vacancy Generation
Authors: Tezze Daniel , Pereira José M. , Tutar Dogukan , Ramos Maria , Regner Jakub , Gargiani Pierluigi , Schiller Frederik , Casanova Fèlix , Alegria Angel , Martín‐García Beatriz , Sahin Hasan , Sofer Zdenek , Ormaza Maider , Hueso Luis E. , Gobbi Marco
Published: September 2024

The magnetic properties of van der Waals materials are profoundly influenced by structural defects. The layered antiferromagnet MnPS3 offers a unique opportunity to explore defect‐related magnetism, as Mn2+ vacancies can be generated by the intercalation of specific guest molecules. However, the effectiveness of this process in atomically thin flakes and the extent of the magnetic tunability remain unclear. Here, it is shown that the magnetic properties of MnPS3 can be tailored through the intercalation of different guest molecules. Notably, the insertion of four alkylammonium ions introduces different populations of Mn2+ vacancies, leading to a transition from the pristine antiferromagnetic state to more complex magnetic textures, including a ferrimagnetic state displaying a magnetic saturation of 1 µB per atom. Moreover, it is shown that the intercalation of few‐nm‐thick flakes also leads to the emergence of a ferrimagnetic response. This in‐flake intercalation, which can be monitored in real time using optical microscopy, can be interrupted before completion, generating lateral heterostructures between pristine and intercalated areas. This approach opens the way to the use of partial intercalation to define regions with distinct magnetic properties within a single flake.
Sub−1 nm Nanowire Aerogels
Authors: Du Yuxiang , Liu Dan , Du Ran , Xiu Yueyue , Fu Rui , Yang Xin , Liu Lipeng , Sai Huazheng
Published: September 2024

The emerging sub−1 nm nanowires (SNWs) have received tremendous attention given their intriguing properties and broad applications attributable to their ultrasmall feature size. However, applying SNWs in microstructure‐preserving macroscopic functional materials (e.g., aerogels) remains challenging because the solvents used for preparing SNWs are not compatible with conventional supercritical drying or freeze‐drying techniques. In this study, the fabrication of SNW aerogels (SNWAs) is pioneered by developing a nonpolar solvent‐based freeze‐casting strategy. Cyclohexane, a nonpolar solvent with a freezing point (6.5 °C) comparable to that of water, is selected as a reaction and drying medium to assemble various SNWs. The resulting self‐standing SNWAs display low density, excellent hydrophobicity and lipophilicity, and tunable luminescent color. This strategy not only introduces a new aggregation form of SNWs but also provides a creative perspective on synthesizing aerogel structures from sub−1 nm building blocks.
Detectable Adhesives: Nondestructive Detection of Adhesion
Authors: Liu Ziyang , Wang Yue , Wu Ming , Yin Shuangbo , Li Qingning , Cao Qiang , Zheng Sijie , Li Weizheng , Wang Xiaoliang , Yan Feng
Published: September 2024

Metal‐to‐metal adhesives are vital across diverse sectors including automotive, aerospace, and industrial assembly. However, traditional adhesion detection methods are mainly based on the fracture mechanism, posing challenges for nondestructive detection. Here, a nondestructive method that leverages electrical signals to monitor the adhesion state of metal interfaces in real‐time is presented. The approach utilizes detectable adhesives (DA) synthesized from poly(ionic liquid) (PIL), which not only exhibit robust adhesion properties (4.9 MPa) but also function as ionic conductors. By correlating changes in capacitance and resistance with the adhesive state, the method allows for in situ monitoring of the curing process, prediction of adhesion strength, and early detection of potential failures. This dual‐sensing capability, combining electrical and mechanical aspects, enhances understanding of adhesive behavior in diverse conditions, presenting a fresh approach for digitally transforming adhesive technologies.
Designing for Degradation: Transient Devices Enabled by (Nano)Cellulose
Authors: Andrew Lucas J. , Lizundia Erlantz , MacLachlan Mark J.
Published: September 2024

Transient technology involves materials and devices that undergo controlled degradation after a reliable operation period. This groundbreaking strategy offers significant advantages over conventional devices based on non‐renewable materials by limiting environmental exposure to potentially hazardous components after disposal, and by increasing material circularity. As the most abundant naturally occurring polymer on Earth, cellulose is an attractive material for this purpose. Besides, (nano)celluloses are inherently biodegradable and have competitive mechanical, optical, thermal, and ionic conductivity properties that can be exploited to develop sustainable devices and avoid the end‐of‐life issues associated with conventional systems. Despite its potential, few efforts have been made to review current advances in cellulose‐based transient technology. Therefore, this review catalogs the state‐of‐the‐art developments in transient devices enabled by cellulosic materials. To provide a wide perspective, the various degradation mechanisms involved in cellulosic transient devices are introduced. The advanced capabilities of transient cellulosic systems in sensing, photonics, energy storage, electronics, and biomedicine are also highlighted. Current bottlenecks toward successful implementation are discussed, with material circularity and environmental impact metrics at the center. It is believed that this review will serve as a valuable resource for the proliferation of cellulose‐based transient technology and its implementation into fully integrated, circular, and environmentally sustainable devices.
Overcoming Chemical and Mechanical Instabilities in Lithium Metal Anodes with Sustainable and Eco‐Friendly Artificial SEI Layer
Authors: Song Hyunsub , Lee Jiyoung , Sagong Mingyu , Jeon Jiwon , Han Yeji , Kim Jinuk , Jung Hun‐Gi , Yu Ji‐Sang , Lee Jinwoo , Kim Il‐Doo
Published: September 2024

Construction of a robust artificial solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer has proposed an effective strategy to overcome the instability of the lithium (Li). However, existing artificial SEI layers inadequately controlled ion distribution, leading to dendritic growth and penetration. Furthermore, the environmental impact of the manufacturing process and materials of the artificial layer is often overlooked. In this work, a chemically and physically reinforced membrane (C‐Li@P) composed of the biocompatible Li+ coordinated carboxymethyl guar gum (CMGG) and polyacrylamide (PAM) polymers serves as an artificial SEI membrane for dendrite‐free Li. This membrane with hollow channels not only directs ion flux along the interspace of fibers, fostering uniform Li plating but also induces a desirable interface chemistry. Consequently, artificial SEI membrane‐covered Li exhibits stable electrochemical plating/stripping reactions, surpassing the cycle life of ≈750% of bare Li. It demonstrates exceptional capacity retention of ≈93.9%, ≈88.1%, and ≈79.18% in full cells paired with LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811), LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC622) and S cathodes, respectively over 200 cycles at 1 C rate. Additionally, the water‐based green manufacturing and biodegradability of the membrane demonstrated the sustainable development and disposal of electrodes. This work provides a comprehensive framework for the design of an artificial layer chemically and physically regulating dendritic growth.
Large‐Area Photomodification of Nanotopography for Controlling Cell Behavior
Authors: Abdelrahman Mona H. , Liaros Nikolaos , Hourwitz Matt J. , Shen Jerry , Gutierrez Razo Sandra A. , Losert Wolfgang , Fourkas John T.
Published: September 2024

Nanotopographic surfaces are a powerful tool for studying and controlling cell behavior. However, the fabrication of nanotopographic master patterns using conventional photolithography is expensive, which limits the range of designs that can be explored. In this study, a method is demonstrated for the photoreshaping of large‐area patterns of nanoridges. The original master pattern is created using conventional lithography, and an azopolymer replica is prepared using soft lithography. The manipulation of the nanoridges is achieved by projecting light with specific polarizations and exposure times, resulting in controllable widening, buckling, or removal of the ridges. The reprogrammed azopolymer master patterns can then be replicated, creating reproducible new nanotopographies that can be transferred into other materials using a molding procedure. Diffraction can be used for in situ monitoring of the reprogramming during exposure. Image‐analysis methods are used to characterize buckled ridges as a function of exposure time. The response of MCF10A epithelial cells are investigated to buckled nanoridges. A substantial impact of buckling on the dynamics and location of actin polymerization, as well as on the distribution and lengths of contiguous polymerized regions is also observed.
Coupling DNA Origami Filament Growth to an Autocatalytic Production of Fuel
Authors: Stenke Lena J. , Weiß Melanie , Grishchuk Ivan , Saccà Barbara
Published: September 2024

In this study, the hierarchical assembly of DNA origami filaments (DOF) initiated by an autocatalytic DNA reaction network (DRN) is investigated. The so‐formed filaments are subsequently disassembled by toehold‐mediated strand displacement mechanisms. Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer, the kinetics of DOF growth after direct addition of fuel and compared it to the polymerization process triggered by the release of fuel from the DRN is monitored. Optimization of design and experimental conditions enabled to fine‐tune the kinetics of the two processes, ensuring that the release of fuel from the DRN outpaced the consumption of fuel by the downstream polymerization reaction. This resulted in a sustained and controlled DOF growth leading to micrometer‐long filament structures. Finally, although the presence of a toehold in the fuel strand reduced the efficiency of monomer association in the polymerization process, a 10‐fold excess of the anti‐fuel strand is efficient in dissociating the filament structures, permitting a potential reset for new reactions. The study shows that the kinetics of DNA origami filaments growth can be finely manipulated by a cascade of upstream reactions, suggesting alternative approaches for the creation of programmable DNA‐based nanomaterials that can sense and respond to more complex and distant events.
Largely‐Tuned Effective Work‐Function of Al/Graphene/SiO2/Si Junction with Electric Dipole Layer at Al/Graphene Interface
Authors: Song Wonho , Lee Jung‐Yong , Kim Junhyung , Park Jinyoung , Jo Jaehyeong , Hyun Eunseok , Kim Jiwan , Park Hyunjae , Eom Daejin , Choi Gahyun , Park Kibog
Published: September 2024

The effective work‐function of metal electrode is one of the major factors to determine the threshold voltage of metal/oxide/semiconductor junction. In this work, it is demonstrated experimentally that the effective work‐function of the Aluminum (Al) electrode in Al/SiO2/n‐Si junction increases significantly by ≈1.04 eV with the graphene interlayer inserted at Al/SiO2 interface. The device‐physical analysis of solving Poisson equation analytically is provided when the flat‐band voltage is applied to the junction, supporting that the large tuning of Al effective work‐function may originate from the electric dipole layer formed by the off‐centric distribution of electron orbitals between Al and graphene layer. Our work suggests the feasibility of constructing the dual‐metal gate CMOS circuitry just by using Al electrodes with area‐specific underlying graphene interlayer.
Lewis Acidic VOx Engineered PdAu Nanocatalysts for Efficient Formic Acid Dehydrogenation
Authors: Liu Dan , Yao Huiqin , Wang Huai , Zhang Xinwei , Yang Zhimao , Kong Chuncai , Liu Ben
Published: September 2024

The development of high‐performance catalysts for formic acid (FA) dehydrogenation is of extreme significance to the successful production of hydrogen under ambient conditions. Despite some encouraging progress, their activity is still unsatisfied than needed. In this work, it is presented that Lewis acidic VOx sites engineered ultrafine PdAu nanoclusters (PdAu‐VOx) perform perfectly for hydrogen production from FA dehydrogenation. Strikingly, the best catalyst — PdAu‐VOx embed in amino‐functionalized hollow mesoporous support (PdAu‐VOx/NHMS) discloses an impressive initial turnover frequency of 14155 h−1 and a low activation energy of 31.2 kJ mol−1 without additives at room temperature, and maintains 100% selectivity and conversion in the tenth cycle reaction. Mechanistic investigations illustrate that VOx species can serve as the Lewis acid sites, which not only regulate the adsorption strength of reactant and intermediate on PdAu, but also reinforce the C─H bond activation within FA molecule, thereby promoting the reaction kinetics for efficient hydrogen production. This work thus provides a strategy for the development of new‐style heterogeneous catalysts with Lewis acid‐base sites applied to a variety of energy‐related catalytic reactions.
Digestive tract reconstruction after laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy: Double tract reconstruction or double flap technique?
Authors: Cai Lindi , Qiu Guanglin , Zhu Mengke , Han Shangning , Zhao Pengwei , Wang Panxing , Li Xiaowen , Liao Xinhua , Che Xiangming , Fan Lin
Published: September 2024

Aim

The reconstruction methods after proximal gastrectomy (PG) are varied but not standardized. This study was performed to evaluate the short‐term clinical outcomes between double tract reconstruction (DTR) and double flap technique (DFT).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed and collected data of patients who underwent DTR and DFT after laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy (LPG), respectively, between January 2020 and March 2023. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance the baseline data of the two groups, then we compared their short‐term clinical outcomes.

Results

A total of 72 patients (48 and 24 patients in the DTR and DFT groups, respectively) were included. The anastomosis time was significantly longer in the DFT group than that in the DTR group (70.1 vs. 52.7 min, p < 0.001). DFT was associated with shorter times of gas‐passing, start of diet, and postoperative length of hospital stay (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of early and late postoperative complications (p = 0.710, p = 1.000, respectively). DFT was superior to DTR in maintaining body weight (p < 0.001), total protein (p = 0.011) and albumin levels (p = 0.018). As for QOL, DTR showed better results in the meal‐related distress subscale (p < 0.001). However, DFT was superior to DTR in terms of reducing diarrhea, constipation, and dumping related symptoms (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Double flap technique emerged as a superior alternative to DTR in terms of facilitating early postoperative recovery, sustaining nutritional status, and improving QOL. DFT could potentially be the preferred reconstruction method following laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy.
Globalization of distributed parameter self‐optimizing control
Authors: Tang Xinhui , Zhou Chenchen , Su Hongxin , Cao Yi , Yang Shuang‐Hua
Published: September 2024

Numerous nonlinear distributed parameter systems (DPSs) operate within an extensive range due to process uncertainties. Their spatial distribution characteristic, combined with nonlinearity and uncertainty, poses challenges in optimal operation under two‐step real‐time optimization (RTO) and economic model predictive control (EMPC). Both methods necessitate substantial computational power for prompt online reoptimization. Recent local distributed parameter self‐optimizing control (DPSOC) achieves optimality without repetitive optimization. However, its effectiveness is confined to a narrow range around a nominal operation. Here, globalized DPSOC is introduced to surmount the limitation of the local DPSOC. A global loss functional concerning controlled variables (CVs) is formulated using linear operators and Fubini's theorem. Minimizing the loss with a numerical optimization procedure yields CVs exhibiting global optimality. Maintaining these CVs at constants ensures such a process has a minimal average loss in a large operating space. The effectiveness of the proposed method is substantiated through a transport reaction simulation.
Assessment of conflicts of interest in literature on monoclonal antibodies for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis using the Open Payments Database
Authors: Liu Christina , Safranek Conrad W. , Richmond Rhys , Boyi Trinithas , Pickell Zachary , Rimmer Ryan , Manes R. Peter
Published: September 2024

Background

Accurate conflict of interest (COI) information is essential for promoting transparency and trust in research. We aim to assess COI disclosure patterns in monoclonal antibodies (MABs) research for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) using the Open Payments Database (OPD).

Methods

Studies on FDA‐approved MABs for CRSwNP (dupilumab, omalizumab, mepolizumab) published between 2019 and 2021 with at least one US author were identified through PubMed. Industry‐reported payments from the manufacturers (Sanofi, Regeneron, Genentech, Novartis, and GlaxoSmithKline) between 2018 and 2021 in OPD's General Payments category were collected. Authors were cross‐checked against OPD metadata using a previously published ChatGPT‐based algorithm. Additionally, this novel algorithm analyzed COI statements for relevant author‒company specific disclosures, identifying disclosed and undisclosed payments made 3‒15 months prior to publication.

Results

A total of 214 unique authors from 76 studies were included. Of 30 articles that received at least one relevant payment, 21 (70%) were found to have an undisclosed COI, with a mean total undisclosed payment of $4890 and a median of $10,331. Fifty‐six authors had relevant OPD payments and 40 (71.4%) authors did not declare a potential COI. Interestingly, 158 authors had no relevant payments and 62 (39.2%) declared a potential COI. Author order was not significantly associated with potential under‐ or over‐disclosure.

Conclusion

This study characterizes COI disclosure patterns in rhinosinusitis‐relevant MABs research using a novel automated approach. Given the discrepancy between disclosures and industry‐reported payments, our findings suggest a need for improved disclosure education and practices.
Brain network dynamics in patients with single‐ and multiple‐domain amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Liu Tiantian , Wang Mingjun , Zhang Jian , Ye Chuyang , Funahashi Shintaro , Liu Jianghong , Wang Li , Yan Tianyi ,   the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION

Brain network dynamics have been extensively explored in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI); however, differences in single‐ and multiple‐domain aMCI (SD‐aMCI and MD‐aMCI) remain unclear.

METHODS

Using multicenter datasets, coactivation patterns (CAPs) were constructed and compared among normal control (NC), SD‐aMCI, MD‐aMCI, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients based on individual high‐order cognitive network (HOCN) and primary sensory network (PSN) parcellations. Correlations between spatiotemporal characteristics and neuropsychological scores were analyzed.

RESULTS

Compared to NC, SD‐aMCI showed temporal alterations in HOCN‐dominant CAPs, while MD‐aMCI showed alterations in PSN‐dominant CAPs. In addition, transitions from SD‐aMCI to AD may involve PSN, while MD‐aMCI to AD involves both PSN and HOCN. Results were generally consistent across datasets from Chinese and White populations.

DISCUSSION

The HOCN and PSN are distinctively involved in aMCI subtypes and in the transformation between aMCI subtypes and AD, highlighting the necessity of aMCI subtype classification in AD studies.

Highlights

Individual functional network parcellations and coactivation pattern (CAP) analysis were performed to characterize spatiotemporal differences between single‐ and multiple‐domain amnestic mild cognitive impairment (SD‐aMCI and MD‐aMCI), and between distinct aMCI subtypes and Alzheimer's disease (AD).

The analysis of multicenter datasets converged on four pairs of recurrent CAPs, including primary sensory networks (PSN)‐dominant CAPs, high‐order cognitive networks (HOCN)‐dominant CAPs, and PSN–HOCN‐interacting CAPs.

The HOCN and PSN are distinctively involved in aMCI subtypes and in the transformation between distinct aMCI subtypes and AD.
Degradation of Mesoporous Silica Materials in Biological Milieu: The Gateway for Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Moya Sergio E. , Hernández Raquel Ruiz , Angelomé Paula C.
Published: September 2024

Since early developments in the field of mesoporous materials, mesoporous silica has attracted large interest in drug delivery, as they display an ordered array of pores with diameters ranging from 2 to 50 nm, which can be loaded with drugs. Mesoporous silica dissolves at physiological pH, triggering the release of loaded drugs. Several studies have focused on determining the key factors that determine the biodistribution, biocompatibility, and toxicity both in vitro or in vivo. However, in vivo studies focused on the degradation of mesoporous silica materials are very scarce, despite its relevance for drug release. In this perspective, recent works addressing mesoporous materials degradation in the context of drug delivery are discussed, first from a physicochemical point of view, and secondly in in vivo settings, in animal models that are the closest conditions to the encountered when the mesoporous materials are administered to humans. Finally, further discussion about the future directions in the design of mesoporous nanomaterials for therapy and for the study of their biological fate are presented.
Metal‐Free Aminophosphonation: Eco‐Friendly Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Fluorescent 3‐(Aminoimidazo[1,2‐a]Pyridin‐2‐yl)Phosphonates
Authors: Roscales Silvia , Csáky Aurelio G.
Published: September 2024

We report a novel, metal‐free procedure for the direct aminophosphonation of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines in green solvents under open air conditions. This method is characterized by its mild and sustainable conditions, ease of operation, scalability, and excellent functional group compatibility. The synthesized compounds exhibit promising photophysical properties, including significant Stokes shifts and quantum yields, making them potential candidates for innovative fluorescent probes.
Excellent Catalytic Performances of Embedded CoFe2O4 and TiO2 Nanoparticles on the Surface of Silica Matrix Toward Reduction of Toxic Cr (VI), Dyes, and Nitroaromatic Compounds
Authors: Zarbakhsh Elham , Derikvand Zohreh
Published: September 2024

A novel TiO2/CoFe2O4/SiO2 magnetic nanocomposite was successfully synthesized using sol–gel and hydrothermal methods. This nanocomposite consists of highly dispersed CoFe2O4 and TiO2 nanoparticles on the surface of the SiO2 matrix. The synthesis process involved the utilization of activated carbon, which played a dual role as a support for depositing the CoFe2O4 and TiO2 nanoparticles and as a rigid pattern for producing the silica matrix that enmeshed the nanoparticles. To study the unique characteristics of the samples, a range of analytical techniques, such as FT‐IR, VSM, XRD, SEM, N2 adsorption–desorption analysis, BET and EDX were employed. We carried out a complete examination of the catalytic performance of the TiO2/CoFe2O4/SiO2 nanocomposite for the reduction of different substances, including methyl orange (MO), safranin O (SO), methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (RhB), chromium (VI) ions, and nitroaromatic compounds such as 2‐nitrophenol (2‐NP), 4‐nitroaniline (4‐NA), 2‐nitroaniline (2‐NA), and 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP). The findings of our study demonstrate the remarkable efficacy of the TiO2/CoFe2O4/SiO2 nanocomposite in efficiently reducing dyes, Cr (VI), and nitroaromatic compounds to their desired forms in environmentally friendly aqueous solutions. Notably, the nanocomposite stands out due to its simple synthesis process, effortless recyclability, and its convenient separation by a magnet.
Magnetic Gradiometry Survey at the Urban Centre of Türkmen‐Karahöyük (Turkey)
Authors: Creamer Petra M. , Alperstein Jonathan , Massa Michele , Osborne James , Casana Jesse
Published: September 2024

The understanding of urban centres in the ancient Near East, one of the main regions for investigating the development of cities, has been transformed in recent years through investigations using archaeological geophysical prospection tools. This paper presents results of our recent magnetic gradiometry survey at the large urban site of Türkmen‐Karahöyük (Konya Plain, Turkey) conducted using a SENSYS Magneto MXPDA cart‐based system. Results of the survey have successfully identified and characterized numerous areas of ancient settlement, industrial activity and burials across the massive site, offering new insights into the history of occupation at Türkmen‐Karahöyük. Our findings are thereby helping to shape future investigations at the site and, more broadly, demonstrate the opportunities and challenges presented by cart‐based geophysical survey instruments for archaeological investigations of mounded urban sites with extensive lower towns.
Zika Virus NS1 Protein Detection Using Gold Nanoparticle‐Assisted Dynamic Light Scattering
Authors: D'Amato Dayenny L. , Bessa Isabela A. A. , Souza Ana Beatriz C. , Mendes‐Monteiro Lucas , Mohana‐Borges Ronaldo , Allonso Diego , Ligiero Carolina B. P. , Ronconi Célia M.
Published: September 2024

The Zika virus (ZIKV) is a global health threat due to its rapid spread and severe health implications, including congenital abnormalities and neurological complications. Differentiating ZIKV from other arboviruses such as dengue virus (DENV) is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment. This study presents the development of a biosensor for detecting the ZIKV non‐structural protein 1 (NS1) using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with monoclonal antibodies employing dynamic light scattering (DLS). The biosensor named ZINS1‐mAb‐AuNP exhibited specific binding to the ZIKV NS1 protein, demonstrating high colloidal stability indicated by a hydrodynamic diameter (DH) of 140 nm, detectable via DLS. In the absence of the protein, the high ionic strength medium caused particle aggregation. This detection method showed good sensitivity and specificity, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.96 μg mL−1, and avoided cross‐reactivity with DENV2 NS1 and SARS‐CoV‐2 spike proteins. The ZINS1‐mAb‐AuNP biosensor represents a promising tool for the early and accurate detection of ZIKV, facilitating diagnostic and treatment capabilities for arboviral infections.
Conversion between the Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale and Mini‐Mental State Examination test scores in majority and minority populations
Authors: Delgado‐Álvarez Alfonso , Valles‐Salgado Maria , Delgado‐Alonso Cristina , Matias‐Guiu Jorge , Matias‐Guiu Jordi A.
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Despite the Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) having significant advantages as a cognitive screening tool, particularly for minority populations, the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) test is the most widely used test for cognitive screening in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to develop a conversion table to predict MMSE scores from observed RUDAS scores, allowing an easy‐to‐use method to compare both screening tests.

Methods

The equipercentile equating method was used to develop the conversion table using a training sample consisting of cognitively intact participants and individuals with early‐stage AD. The resulting conversion table was validated in two samples, comprising participants from majority and minority populations assessed in Spanish.

Results

The conversion table demonstrated excellent reliability with intraclass correlation coefficients of.92 in both validation samples.

Conclusion

This study provides a conversion table between RUDAS and MMSE scores, improving the comparability of these cognitive screening tools for use in clinical and research purposes.
The modulation of temporal predictability on attentional boost effect
Authors: Pan Jianan , Fu Chao , Su Ping , Guo Qian , Li Xinglin , Zheng Chun , Ma Xueqin , Yong Tingjun
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The attentional boost effect, characterized by better memory for background scenes coinciding with a detection target than a nontarget, is believed to stem from a temporary increase in attentional capacity at the time of an acute behavior‐related event occurring. Sisk and Jiang's study found that the attentional boost effect also occurs when the target's appearance was predictable. Unfortunately, the duration of the predictive interval in Sisk and Jiang's study was fixed. Since different predictive intervals had different weakening degrees to the acuteness of the target, this fixed duration hindered further investigation into the impact of different levels of predictability on the attentional boost effect.

Method

Using the encoding‐recognition paradigm and the remembering/knowing paradigm, and setting target stimuli with different predictive interval in target detection tasks, the current study aimed to explore the influence of varying the duration of the predictive interval on the attentional boost effect.

Results

The attentional boost effect was observed only in the short and medium predictive duration conditions, but not in the long predictive duration condition. Moreover, as the duration of the predictive interval increased, participants’ memory performance on target‐paired words gradually declined, while their memory performance on distractor‐paired and baseline‐paired words gradually improved.

Conclusions

Predictability may alter the task demands, allowing participants to more effectively allocate attentional resources to the two tasks at hand.
Clinicopathological characteristics, prognostic factors, and outcomes of elderly patients with lymphoma‐associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: A multicenter analysis
Authors: Miao Yi , Zhang Jing , Lu Xuzhang , Wu Meng , Li Bingzong , Yu Liang , Sun Miao , Zhuang Yun , Miao Yuqing , Ni Haiwen , Xie Xiaoyan , Xu Jingyan , Zhang Yunping , Zhao Min , Xu Min , Zhuang Wanchuan , Gu Weiying , Lin Guoqiang , Hua Haiying , Zhu Jianfeng , Xu Maozhong , Jia Tao , Liu Ping , Zhai Lijia , Zhang Tongtong , Shan Qiurong , Shen Qiudan , Qian Jun , Wang Chunling , Li Jianyong , Shi Wenyu
Published: September 2024

Background

Lymphoma is the most common secondary cause of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in adults. Lymphoma‐associated HLH (LA‐HLH) in the elderly population is not rare, however, little has been reported regarding clinicopathological characteristics, prognostic factors, and outcomes of LA‐HLH in the elderly population.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed a multicenter cohort of elderly patients with LA‐HLH. Clinicopathological features and treatment information were collected. The impacts of baseline characteristics and treatments on survival outcomes were analyzed.

Results

A total of 173 elderly patients with LA‐HLH were included. Compared with young patients, elderly patients showed different clinical and laboratory features. Regarding lymphoma subtypes, B‐cell lymphoma was more common in elderly patients (elderly 61.3% vs. young 32.3%, p < 0.001) while T/NK‐cell lymphoma was more common in young patients (65.3% vs. 35.3%, p < 0.001). The median survival of elderly patients with LA‐HLH was only 92 days. The prior use of HLH therapy or etoposide‐containing HLH therapy was not associated with improved overall survival. T/NK‐cell subtype, a lower platelet count (≤53 × 109/L), a lower albumin level (≤32.1 g/L), a higher LDH level (>1407 U/L), and a higher creatinine level (>96.8 μmol/L) were independent predictors of decreased overall survival and 60‐day survival. A prognostic index was established and demonstrated to be robust in predicting the overall survival and 60‐day survival of elderly patients with LA‐HLH.

Conclusions

LA‐HLH in elderly patients displayed heterogeneous clinicopathological features and survival outcomes. Treatments need to be optimized to improve the outcomes of elderly patients with LA‐HLH.
Juvenile xanthogranuloma manifesting in the forehead: A case report
Authors: Chindia M. L. , Butt F. M. A. , Mung’ania M. , Owino R. O.
Published: September 2024

Key Clinical Message

A 3 ‐year‐old boy presented with a forehead nodular mass, which was excised and confirmed histologically as Juvenile Xanthogranulomma (JXG). It affects children with a predilection for the head and neck region. A relatively rare, benign, histiocytic proliferative cutaneous disorder with a potential for malignancy. A prompt and wide resection is recommended.
Familial hyperphosphatemic tumoral calcinosis: A rare case report from Syria
Authors: Al Abdulrahman Balkis , Eed Hiba , Kurdy Rama , Alwadi Yazan , Alcheikh Salwa
Published: September 2024

Key Clinical Message

Tumoral calcinosis is a very rare disease mainly caused by a disturbance in phosphate metabolism. It is advisable to contemplate screening more organs such as testes, thyroid, and spleen in patients with TC. This study provides insight into tumoral calcinosis for physicians in the region and encourages future work on the matter.

Familial hyperphosphatemic tumoral calcinosis (FHTC) characterized by progressive deposition of calcium phosphate crystals in soft tissues. Tumoral calcinosis (TC) is often underdiagnosed in Syria as it cannot be confirmed without genetic testing, which is unavailable in Syria. We present the first reported case from Syria of a man with TC. This case has findings that were not reported in other cases such as testicular calcification, brain calcification, enlarged thyroid, and splenomegaly. Determining these genes in the case presented wasn't possible and future studies need to overcome this hurdle.
Revisiting the Reviewed: A Meta‐Analysis of Computational Studies on Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation Reactions
Authors: Ahmad Shahbaz , Bühl Michael
Published: September 2024

This review of reviews attempts to systematically analyze the recent advancements in transition metal‐catalyzed hydrogenation reactions as discussed in previous review articles, emphasizing the computational insights that enhance our understanding of reaction mechanisms. It highlights the efficacy of density functional theory (DFT) in calculating free energies, exploring the mechanistic pathways and kinetics of hydrogenation processes and, focusing on substrates such as alkenes, alkynes, amides, imines, nitriles, and carbon dioxide. The review details significant studies where computational models help predict reaction outcomes and aid in catalyst design. Notable discussions include the role of solvent effects and metal‐ligand interactions, which are crucial for reactivity and selectivity but often underestimated in computational models. The review concludes with current computational challenges and prospects, suggesting enhanced models and experimental collaborations to refine catalyst design.