bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exclusion Criteria as Measurements I: Identifying Invalid Responses
Authors: Dewitt Barry , Fischhoff Baruch , Davis Alexander L. , Broomell Stephen B. , Roberts Mark S. , Hanmer Janel
Published: August 2019

Background. In a systematic review, Engel et al. found large variation in the exclusion criteria used to remove responses held not to represent genuine preferences in health state valuation studies. We offer an empirical approach to characterizing the similarities and differences among such criteria. Setting. Our analyses use data from an online survey that elicited preferences for health states defined by domains from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®), with a U.S. nationally representative sample ( N = 1164). Methods. We use multidimensional scaling to investigate how 10 commonly used exclusion criteria classify participants and their responses. Results. We find that the effects of exclusion criteria do not always match the reasons advanced for applying them. For example, excluding very high and very low values has been justified as removing aberrant responses. However, people who give very high and very low values prove to be systematically different in ways suggesting that such responses may reflect different processes. Conclusions. Exclusion criteria intended to remove low-quality responses from health state valuation studies may actually remove deliberate but unusual ones. A companion article examines the effects of the exclusion criteria on societal utility estimates.
Is Being “Gifted” a Blessing or a Curse, or Some of Both?
Authors: Sternberg Robert J.
Published: August 2019

Gifted children are an extremely precious resource. But what does it mean to be gifted? Ellen Winner has devoted much of her career to addressing this question. In this essay, I argue that our society misdefines giftedness, placing undue emphasis on analytical skills. Moreover, the problem is getting worse. Amplifying factors in society are narrowing rather than broadening our definition of giftedness. I discuss what is happening, why, and what we can do about it.
Beyond the Lab: Influencing Practice and Policy
Authors: Hetland Lois , Sheridan Kimberly , Veenema Shirley
Published: August 2019

In this article, the authors describe over 20 years of work with Ellen Winner at Project Zero, a research and development group at the Harvard Graduate School of Education. This included a cross-arts curriculum and assessment project aimed at practitioners (ArtsPROPEL, 1989–1995), 10 meta-analytic syntheses of the effects of arts learning on nonarts achievement (REAP, 1997–2001), and an observational theory-building study of the dispositions intended to be learned in high school art classes and the structures through which they are taught, meant for audiences of both practice and theory (Studio Thinking, 2001–2013). Ellen’s perspective as an experimental psychologist interacted with ours in fertile ways to make richly rewarding collaborations in our efforts to make sense of art education practices. From how she chooses what she studies, to her eclectic approaches to research, to addressing her work to broad audiences, psychologists have much to gain from Ellen’s methods.
Endosonographic evaluation of the mediastinum through the i-gel O2 supraglottic airway device
Authors: Piccioni Federico , Codazzi Daniela , Paleari Maria C. , Previtali Paola , Delconte Gabriele , Fumagalli Luca , Manzi Renato , Faustini Marco , Persiani Laura , Rizzi Maurilia , Sodi Federico , Masci Enzo
Published: August 2019

Introduction:

Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is an endoscopic diagnostic procedure combining flexible fibrobronchoscopy with ultrasound techniques; it allows transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy for the diagnosis and staging of mediastinal masses. We present our preliminary experience with the use of the i-gel O2 supraglottic airway device for management of EBUS procedures.

Methods:

An observational study on 39 patients who underwent EBUS under general anesthesia was performed. Airways were managed with i-gel O2 by anesthesiologists unfamiliar with it. Data collected included patient characteristics, i-gel O2 positioning, mechanical ventilation, procedure, and complications occurring during and after the EBUS.

Results:

The i-gel airway was successfully positioned during the first attempt in 34/39 cases (87.2%). No failed positioning was recorded. The EBUS scope easily passed through the i-gel in all patients and in 14 (35.6%) cases it was also inserted through the esophagus allowing the examination or fine needle aspiration of paraesophageal lymph nodes. In one case, during the EBUS procedure, the i-gel was dislocated but easily put in place again. During EBUS, air leakages were significant in 2 cases (5.1%) and minimal in 14 cases (35.9%). A brief self-solved laryngospasm and a bronchospasm during bronchoscopy were recorded. After recovery, no patients had dysphagia; mild odynophagia and pharyngodinia were referred by 2 (5.1%) and 12 (30.1%) patients, respectively.

Conclusions:

The i-gel O2 airway is easy to position and manage even for anesthesiologists unfamiliar with it. This supraglottic airway device is suitable for a complete endosonographic evaluation of the mediastinum.
Revolutionary dreams: Future essentialism and the sociotechnical imaginary of the fourth industrial revolution in Denmark
Authors: Schiølin Kasper
Published: August 2019

In 2015, the World Economic Forum announced that the world was on the threshold of a ‘fourth industrial revolution’ driven by a fusion of cutting-edge technologies with unprecedented disruptive power. The next year, in 2016, the fourth industrial revolution appeared as the theme of the Forum’s annual meeting, and as the topic of a book by its founder and executive chairman, Klaus Schwab. Ever since, the Forum has made this impending revolution its top priority, maintaining that it will inevitably change everything we once know about the world and how to live in it, thus creating what I conceptualize as ‘future essentialism’. Within a short space of time, the vision of the fourth industrial revolution was institutionalized and publicly performed in various national settings around the world as a sociotechnical imaginary of a promising and desirable future soon to come. Through readings of original material published by the Forum, and through a case study of the reception of the fourth industrial revolution in Denmark, this article highlights and analyses three discursive strategies – ‘dialectics of pessimism and optimism’, ‘epochalism’ and ‘inevitability’ – in the transformation of a corporate, highly elitist vision of the future into policymaking and public reason on a national level.
Freedom from the tyranny of neighbourhood: Rethinking sociospatial context effects
Authors: Petrović Ana , Manley David , van Ham Maarten
Published: August 2019

Theory behind neighbourhood effects suggests that people’s spatial context potentially affects individual outcomes across multiple scales and geographies. We argue that neighbourhood effects research needs to break away from the ‘tyranny’ of neighbourhood and consider alternative ways to measure the wider sociospatial context of people, placing individuals at the centre of the approach. We review theoretical and empirical approaches to place and space from diverse disciplines, and explore the geographical scopes of neighbourhood effects mechanisms. Ultimately, we suggest how microgeographic data can be used to operationalise sociospatial context, where data pragmatism should be supplanted by a theory-driven data exploration.
Prediction of the skin sensitization potential of didecyldimethylammonium chloride and 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal and mixtures of these compounds with the excipient ethylene glycol through the human Cell Line Activation Test and the Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay
Authors: Lee JaeHee , Cho AhRang , Gautam Ravi , Kim YeonGyeong , Shin SoJung , Song EunSeob , Kim HyeonJi , Yang SuJeong , Acharya Manju , Jo JiHoon , Maharjan Anju , Shim IlSeob , Kim Hyun-Mi , Kim PilJe , Kim TaeSung , Lee JongKwon , Kang MiJeong , Jeong TaeCheon , Kim ChangYul , Kim HyoungAh , Heo Yong
Published: August 2019

In commercial products such as household deodorants or biocides, didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) often serves as an antimicrobial agent, citral serves as a fragrance agent, and the excipient ethylene glycol (EG) is used to dissolve the active ingredients. The skin sensitization (SS) potentials of each of these substances are still being debated. Moreover, mixtures of DDAC or citral with EG have not been evaluated for SS potency. The in vitro alternative assay called human Cell Line Activation Test (h-CLAT) and Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA) served to address these issues. On three independent runs of h-CLAT, DDAC and citral were predicted to be sensitizers while EG was predicted to be a non-sensitizer and also by the DPRA. Mixtures of DDAC or citral with EG at ratios of 7:3 and 1:4 w/v were all positive by the h-CLAT in terms of SS potential but SS potency was mitigated as the proportion of EG increased. Citral and its EG mixtures were all positive but DDAC and its EG mixtures were all negative by the DPRA, indicating that the DPRA method is not suitable for chemicals with pro-hapten characteristics. Since humans can be occupationally or environmentally exposed to mixtures of excipients with active ingredients, the present study may give insights into further investigations of the SS potentials of various chemical mixtures.
Augmentation of cadmium-induced oxidative cytotoxicity by pioglitazone in renal tubular epithelial cells
Authors: Hosohata Keiko , Mise Nathan , Kayama Fujio , Iwanaga Kazunori
Published: August 2019

The aim of this study was to examine whether a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ agonist could affect cadmium (Cd)-induced cytotoxicity via the increased expression of megalin, one of the uptake pathways, using renal epithelial LLC-PK1 cells. The treatment with 1 µM Cd for 24 h was not cytotoxic; however, when the cells were pretreated with 0.1 µM pioglitazone for 12 h and then exposed to 1 µM Cd for 24 h, significant accumulation of Cd and cytotoxicity were detected, with an increase in megalin mRNA expression. In addition, pretreatment with pioglitazone significantly increased the Cd-induced generation of hydrogen peroxide and cell apoptosis. The augmented Cd-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis on preincubation with pioglitazone were inhibited by prior treatment with GW 9662 (PPAR-γ antagonist). These findings suggest that a PPAR-γ agonist could augment Cd-induced oxidative injury and cell apoptosis, possibly dependent on the expression level of the uptake pathway.
Numerical analysis of the transient leakage flow in axial clearance of a scroll refrigeration compressor
Authors: Sun Shuaihui , Wang Xianwen , Guo Pengcheng , Wu Kai , Luo Xingqi , Liu Guangbin
Published: August 2019

The transient flow model of a scroll refrigeration compressor which included axial clearance was established in the paper using PUMPLINX based on the computational fluid dynamics and the dynamic grid methodology. According to the actual size in the physical compressor, the flank and the axial clearances were set equal to 0.030 mm and 0.015 mm, respectively. As the fluid domain of the axial clearance was too small to generate enough layers of grids in PUMPLINX, it was first magnified 100 times to generate grids of high quality, and then the fluid domain and grids were recompressed to the original size. The simulation results were verified experimentally. The influence of the radial leakage on the downstream flow field was investigated. Moreover, the characteristics of radial and tangential leakage flows were analyzed. It was concluded that the predictions of the compressor performance, except the discharge temperature, are improved after the axial clearance was included in the model. The radial leakage is dominant while a portion of involute leakage flow exists near the flank clearance. The influence of radial leakage on the downstream temperature is lower than that of the tangential leakage in flank clearance. The tangential leakage flow is turbulent basically while the radial leakage flow is laminar. The tangential leakage is severer at the beginning of the discharge process, and the radial leakage is more remarkable at the end of the compression process. When the pressure ratio across the leakage path is higher than the critical pressure ratio, the tangential leakage flow becomes supersonic for the converging–diverging clearance structure, while the radial leakage flow remains subsonic due to the larger flow losses. The results obtained through this research could be applied to modify the current leakage models and optimize the clearances of scroll compressors.
Comparison of modelling and tracking methods for analysing elbow and forearm kinematics
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Dongmei , Wesseling Mariska , Xue Bin , Li Feiyue
Published: August 2019

This study aimed to find an optimal measurement protocol of elbow and forearm kinematics using different modelling and tracking methods. Kinematic data of elbow flexion/extension and forearm pronation/supination was acquired using optical motion capture from 12 healthy male volunteers. Segment coordinate systems for humerus, forearm, radius, ulna, and hand were defined. Different tracking methods, using anatomical markers or rigid or point maker clusters, were used to compute the three-dimensional rotations. Marker placement errors were assessed to evaluate the rigid body assumption. Multiple comparisons demonstrated statistical differences between tracking methods: compared to using only anatomical markers, tracking using clusters reduced the estimated range of pronation/supination by 14.9%–43.2%, while it estimated increased flexion/extension by 5.3%–9.1%. The study suggests using only anatomical markers exerts the optimal estimation of elbow and forearm kinematics. Modelling using the coordinate systems of the humerus and forearm and of the humerus and ulna, respectively, demonstrated good consistency with literature and are correspondingly regarded as the most appropriate approach for measuring pronation/supination and flexion/extension. The results are valuable in establishing a measurement protocol for analysing elbow and forearm kinematics, avoiding confusions and misinterpretations in communicating results from different methodologies.
Critical affect studies: On applying discourse analysis in research on affect, body and power
Authors: Glapka Ewa
Published: August 2019

This article advances a synthetic framework for examining the relationship between affect and power. Combining critical discursive psychology with analyses of stance and emotion thematization, the framework enables a dialogic analysis of the macro and micro levels on which affect weaves into social life. The approach is applied in an analysis of women’s talk about their hair, which they construct as ‘black’ or ‘African’. Guided by the notion of ‘affective-discursive practice’, the article investigates the relationship between affect and meaning-making revealed in talk, as well as relations of power that arise from it. In the analysis, individuals are found to articulate their affective experiences in unlike ways and to hence position themselves differently in relation to the hegemonic discourses of beauty and race. The article discusses how the dialogic research on affect and discourse enriches our understanding of the role of feelings in the micropolitics of everyday life.
Discriminatory discursive strategies in online comments on YouTube videos on the Hong Kong Umbrella Movement by Mainland and Hong Kong Chinese
Authors: Chen Meilin , Flowerdew John
Published: August 2019

This article examines the discriminatory discursive strategies adopted in the online interactions between different power groups from Mainland China and Hong Kong in their response to two YouTube videos about the Hong Kong Umbrella, or Occupy Central, Movement. A corpus of 4329 comments made by 2157 posters from Mainland China and Hong Kong was coded regarding commenters’ place of residence and their perceptions of the Umbrella Movement and then tagged based on Flowerdew et al.’s previous taxonomy of discriminatory discursive strategies. The results show that a wide range of discriminatory discursive strategies, used by two power groups from Hong Kong and one from the Mainland, were found in the majority of the comments, including four sub-strategies not identified by Flowerdew et al. While studies to date on the Umbrella Movement have mainly focused on Hong Kong data, our study contributes to the literature by adding the perspective from Mainland China. The findings of this study provide insights into the increasing social and political tensions between Hong Kong and its mother country as well as the current situation in the divided city.
To what extent do welfare states compensate for the cost of children? The joint impact of taxes, benefits and public goods and services
Authors: Penne Tess , Hufkens Tine , Goedemé Tim , Storms Bérénice
Published: August 2019

In order to alleviate child poverty, contemporary European welfare states have shifted their focus increasingly towards child-centred investment strategies. However, studies examining the generosity of welfare states to families with children focus mainly on cash benefit packages, or on government expenditure, while not taking into account the actual out-of-pocket costs families have to make to fulfil their needs. This article aims at contributing to existing studies by: (1) empirically assessing the needs and costs of children across welfare states by making use of cross-nationally comparable reference budgets, while taking into account publicly provided or subsidised services; (2) simulating the cash benefits and taxes that affect households with children through the tax–benefit system, by making use of the new Hypothetical Household Tool (HHoT) in EUROMOD; and (3) combining both types of information in order to compare the essential out-of-pocket costs for children between 6 and 18 years old with the simulated cash benefit packages. We propose a new indicator that can be used to assess welfare state generosity to families with children: the child cost compensation indicator. The use of the indicator is empirically illustrated by comparing six European welfare states: Belgium, Finland, Greece, Hungary, Italy and Spain. The article shows that, even though with important cross-national variation, cash transfers generally amount to less than 60 percent of the cost of children. Although in five out of six countries support for families is higher at the lower end of the income distribution, for households living on a low gross wage, the income of a family with children is less adequate compared to a similar childless family and is in many cases insufficient to participate adequately in society.
Autonomous Internet of Things predictive control application based on wireless networked multi-agent topology and embedded operating system
Authors: Kouki Rihab , Boe Alexandre , Vantroys Thomas , Bouani Faouzi
Published: August 2019

This article investigates the problem of data-driven cooperative tracking for a class of multi-agent linear systems under imperfect wireless communication. An autonomous Internet of Things predictive control application is designed to drive a robot with one wheel. The proposed methodology has been developed using Revolutionary Internet of Things Operating System running on STM32 and radio frequency communication shields over the User Datagram Protocol. To evaluate the performance of the predictive control algorithm, the User Datagram Protocol has been used due to the high number of packet losses in the communication channel. A robust analysis of Internet of Things technology among agents, combined with a network predictive control strategy against packet loss, limited bandwidth and attack links is carried out. The main feature of this methodology is that it is possible to achieve consensus monitoring and stability of closed-loop control systems. The efficiency of the proposed design approach is demonstrated by several experimental scenarios.
Rat Facial Nerve Regeneration with Human Immature Dental Pulp Stem Cells
Authors: Saez Daniel Martinez , Sasaki Robson Tetsuo , Martins Daniel de Oliveira , Chacur Marucia , Kerkis Irina , da Silva Marcelo Cavenaghi Pereira
Published: August 2019

Facial paralysis can result in severe implications for the patients. However, stem cell biology has become an important field in regenerative medicine since the discovery and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells. Our aim was to evaluate the regeneration after facial nerve crush injury and application of human immature dental pulp stem cells (iDPSC). For this study 70 Wistar rats underwent a unilateral facial nerve crush injury and were divided into two groups: Group I (GI): Crushed; Group II (GII): Crushed and iDPSC, and distributed into study periods of 3, 7, 14, 21, and 42 postoperative days. Facial nerve regeneration was analyzed via functional recovery of whisker movement, histomorphometric analysis, and immunoblotting assay. The results show that GII had complete functional recovery at 14 days, while GI recovered after 42 days. Also, regarding the facial nerve trunk, GII presented histological improvement, evidencing better axonal and structural organization of the myelin sheath, and exhibited statistically higher values for the outer and inner perimeters and g-ratio. Nevertheless, GI exhibited statistically higher values for the thickness of myelin sheath. In the buccal branch, no differences were observed for all parameters between groups. At 42 days, both groups GI and GII were close to the levels observed for the control group. Concerning nerve growth factor expression, GII exhibited statistically greater values ( p < 0.05) compared with the control group at 7 days. In summary, a single injection of human iDPSC promoted a positive effect on regeneration of the facial nerve trunk after 14 days and provided an alternative to support regeneration following peripheral nerve injury.
Negotiating a Better Life: Emerging Trends in the Politics of Ordinary and Poor Muslims in Kolkata
Authors: Chatterjee Anasua
Published: August 2019

Since Independence, Muslim politics in India has mainly been framed through the idiom of identity. While political engagements calling for democratization and increased participation in public life have occasionally occurred, scholarly interest in the ongoing shifts in Muslim political demands is recent and new. Simultaneously, the emerging literature on the politics of patronage and post-patronage networks in democracies of the Global South present anthropologists with new tools for studying the changing contours of the political mobilization of the urban poor. Using ethnographic narratives collected during fieldwork in Park Circus—one of Kolkata’s many Muslim-dominated neighbourhoods—which remains stigmatized and socially and spatially set apart, this article highlights the emerging modes of political engagement among poor and lower middle-class Muslims. I carefully document their efforts to negotiate a perceived ‘better’ life within a fast-changing neoliberal urban landscape that is prejudiced against them. For many ordinary Muslims, this has involved a movement away from the traditional elite-led politics of identity towards more plebeian forms of assertion and activism aimed at eking out a respectable living by working through extant structures of the local administration and networks of power in the neighbourhood.
Sustainable Transition From Donor Grant Financing: What Could It Look Like?
Authors: Gilbert Katherine , Tenni Brigitte , Lê Gillian
Published: August 2019

Donor transition is an important aspect of sustaining the impact of donor investments after financial support has ceased. This article compares, contrasts, and critiques the transition policies of the top health donors in the Asia Pacific, which includes Global Fund to fight AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria, Gavi–the Vaccine Alliance, World Bank (International Development Association), and the United States US Agency for International Development to gain a deeper understanding of what a sustainable financial transition could look like. A literature review of the academic and gray literature was undertaken to ascertain these donors’ transition policies and to determine the success of these policies in ensuring sustainable and effective transition. It is proposed that sustainable transition requires a clearly articulated vision of long-term impact, explicit and transparent transition policies, clear time frames for transition, donor coordination, and evaluation of long-term impacts of donor withdrawal.
QR HUG: A Study on the Development of a Game to Manage a Shelter Using QR Codes
Authors: Komori Kenichiro , Ichikawa Manabu , Deguchi Hiroshi , Saito Kentaro
Published: August 2019

Background. The game, HUG (Hinanjo Unei Game) is used to experience the management of a Japanese evacuation shelter. However, there are issues such as the game is not very effective for specialists, temporal constraints of the game and information of the evacuees are too explicit.

Method. We developed a new HUG game called QR HUG game by extending the previous HUG game. To improve the problems of the existing HUG game, we printed the QR code on the existing HUG game cards and developed a dedicated app. With the new HUG game, we aimed to achieve our three goals, such as to make players understand the importance of collaboration among specialists.

Results. We implemented the new HUG game in the lecture of professional workers engaged in health care support activities on a disaster. Over 90% of the participants evaluated the game with a QR code as meaningful from the viewpoint of professionals. Our three goals were achieved, but it became clear that game system enhancement was required.
Exploring the Music Identity Development of Elementary Education Majors Using Ukulele and YouTube
Authors: Smith Raychl , Secoy Jacqueline
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this instrumental case study was to understand how learning to play the ukulele influenced the music identity of elementary education majors. Eighteen participants (17 females, 1 male) from two universities created YouTube playlists and recorded solo ukulele performances for their YouTube channel. Music identity perceptions were collected via writing reflections, video recorded class sessions, and focus group interviews. We found that students’ early life experiences informed their beginning-of-semester perceptions of music identity (past selves), while in-class experiences contributed to higher levels of music competence and participation, and meaningful shifts in music identity (present and future selves). Music teachers should consider how the ukulele and YouTube may be used to promote individual expression, accountability, and self-directed learning. We encourage music teacher educators to use music biographies and YouTube as tools for culturally responsive teaching while creating safe spaces for the music identity development of less experienced/confident musicians.
Improving Interorganizational Coordination Between Primary Care and Oncology: Adapting a Chronic Care Management Model for Patients With Cancer
Authors: Flieger Signe Peterson , Thomas Cindy Parks , Prottas Jeffrey
Published: August 2019

The objective of this study was to explore the implementation of a payment and delivery system innovation to improve coordination and communication between primary care and oncology. We employed a qualitative case study approach, conducting interviews ( n = 18), and reviewing archival materials. Chronic care coordinators and the cancer center social worker acted as boundary spanners. The chronic care coordinator role built on medical home infrastructure, applying the chronic care model to cancer care. Coordination from primary care to oncology became more routinized, with information sharing prompted by specific events. These new boundary spanner roles enabled greater coordination around uncertain and interdependent tasks. Recommendations for scaling up include the following: establish systematic approaches to learning from implementation, leverage existing capacity for scalability, and attend to the content and purpose of information sharing.
Impairment of Both Reward and Punishment Learning in Males Who Have Sexually Offended Against a Child
Authors: Dillien Tineke , Goethals Kris , Sabbe Bernard , Brazil Inti A.
Published: August 2019

Prior studies suggest that persons with a sexual offense against a child (PSOCs) present with an impairment in learning from reinforcement, which may contribute to the behavioral dysregulation often seen in PSOCs. Therefore, gaining more insight into the nature of this impairment seems essential to better understand child sexual (re)offending. Using a passive avoidance task, we found that PSOCs ( n = 57) have difficulties with selecting behaviors that are associated with reward and suppressing behaviors that are associated with punishment relative to nonoffending men ( n = 33), but not compared with persons with a nonsexual offense history ( n = 31). The latter ability was particularly compromised in nonpedophilic PSOCs. By unraveling a source of pathology in the mechanisms that are involved in behavioral control, this study helps setting a step toward new, more tailored, therapeutic approaches.
Toxicological Behavior of Gold Nanoparticles on Various Models: Influence of Physicochemical Properties and Other Factors
Authors: Adewale Olusola B. , Davids Hajierah , Cairncross Lynn , Roux Saartjie
Published: August 2019

Potential applications of gold nanoparticles in biomedicine have increasingly been reported on account of the ease of synthesis, bioinert characteristics, optical properties, chemical stability, high biocompatibility, and specificity. The safety of these particles remains a great concern, as there are differences among toxicity study protocols used. This article focuses on integrating results of research on the toxicological behavior of gold nanoparticles. This can be influenced by the physicochemical properties, including size, shape, surface charge, and other factors, such as methods used in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles, models used, dose, in vivo route of administration, and interference of gold nanoparticles with in vitro toxicity assay systems. Several researchers have reported toxicological studies with regard to gold nanoparticles, using various in vitro, in vivo, and in ovo models. The conflicting results concerning the toxicity of gold nanoparticles should thus be addressed to justify the safe use of gold nanoparticles in biomedicine.
An Evaluation of Adaptations Made to Check-In Check-Out
Authors: Majeika Caitlyn E. , Van Camp Alyssa M. , Wehby Joseph H. , Kern Lee , Commisso Colleen E. , Gaier Kelsey
Published: August 2019

Check-in check-out (CICO) is a widely implemented program aimed at increasing prosocial behavior. Aligned with the logic of Tier 2 supports, CICO has a standard protocol meant to be implemented in a standardized fashion across all students. However, as CICO is not effective for all at-risk students, it is quite common to find researchers implementing adapted versions of CICO. The purpose of this review was to explore the types of, rationale for, and timing of adaptations made to CICO. Results showed that 71% of studies using CICO made adaptations to core components. While most of these adaptations were made at the onset of treatment, we found little evidence to suggest researchers had a systematic process for selecting adaptations. As schools continue to seek the most efficient and effective means to provide behavior supports to students, adaptive intervention planning is an important process to consider.
Empowering Teachers With Low-Intensity Strategies to Support Instruction: Implementing Across-Activity Choices During Third-Grade Reading Instruction
Authors: Ennis Robin Parks , Lane Kathleen Lynne , Oakes Wendy Peia , Flemming Sarah Cole
Published: August 2019

Students with and at-risk for academic and behavioral challenges often have low levels of academic engagement. Providing instructional choice is one way to increase engagement in the classroom. In this study, we replicated and extended previous inquiry by investigating the effects of across-activity choices offered by third-grade teachers during reading instruction to participating students with behavioral (one with internalizing and two with internalizing and externalizing patterns) and academic needs. Using a standardized professional development module, teachers learned to implement instructional choice during reading instruction while collecting direct observation data on a student’s academic engagement. Teachers implemented practices with integrity and collected momentary time sampling data for one student in their classroom with high levels of reliability. Results of a withdrawal design indicated a functional relation between the introduction of instructional choice and increases in the academic engagement for the three students. Teachers and students rated the intervention goals, procedures, and outcomes as acceptable. Limitations and future directions are presented.
Beyond community engagement: centering research through Indigenous epistemologies and peoplehood
Authors: Sumida Huaman Elizabeth , Mataira Peter
Published: August 2019

Indigenous research as discourse and practice has challenged researchers worldwide to foreground our work with clear attention to knowledge hierarchies and power inequities, ontologies and epistemologies, and critical ethical considerations. Yet, in the recent decade, it is not the rise of Indigenous research agendas but community-engaged scholarship that has been the focus of institutionalization at universities in the USA and elsewhere. In this commentary, we revisit Indigenous research and its political and liberatory agenda and offer a re-centering of research through peoplehood that is founded in Indigenous connections to place, cultural practices, and social justice work.
Deep Neck Space Infections: A Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Maharaj Shivesh , Ahmed Sumaya , Pillay Preba
Published: August 2019

Deep neck spaces are regions of loose connective tissue filling areas between the 3 layers of deep cervical fascia, namely, superficial, middle, and deep layers. The superficial layer is the investing layer, The pretracheal layer is the intermediate layer and the prevertebral layer is the deepest layer. Deep neck space infection (DNI) is defined as an infection in the potential spaces and actual fascial planes of the neck. Once the natural resistance of fascial planes is overcome, spread of infection occurs along communicating fascial boundaries. More recent trends include the increasing prevalence of resistant bacterial strains, a decline in DNIs caused by pharyngitis or tonsillitis, and a relative increase in DNIs of odontogenic origin. Most DNIs are polymicrobial. Only 5% are purely aerobic and 25% with isolated anaerobes. The epidemiology of DNIs needs to be monitored for changing trends and the impact of underlying host immunity and developing microbial multidrug resistance is established. Surveillance at laboratory level should include mandatory susceptibility testing of all empiric antibiotics against microbes commonly identified in adult DNI microscopy, culture, and sensitivity (MC&S) specimens. The role of susceptibility testing of microbes not commonly identified in adult DNI MC&S specimens needs further review, on a clinical case-by-case basis.
‘The view from above’ at Europe’s maritime borders: Racial securitization from visuality to postvisuality
Authors: Madörin Anouk
Published: August 2019

At a time when the European Union is intensifying its electronic frontier through unmanned aerial vehicles or drones, and remotely piloted aircraft and satellite remote sensing devices, it is crucial to ask what this ‘view from above’ in effect enables. Although creating enhanced visibility in the Mediterranean basin of migrants’ crossings, the technological solutions provided by the European Union do not prioritize search and rescue. In analyzing European Union policy documents regarding visibility-making at Europe’s maritime borders, as well as the rationale presented by the industry delivering the technological backbone, this article shows how the ‘view from above’ is not only constructed through data but feeds back into data-generating ‘vision machines’. The working together of the scopic/visual/ocular and the digital/algorithmic/metrical is coined ‘postvisuality’ – a term highlighting the entanglement of image and code and the subsuming of the visual under the digital, or digitality. Postvisuality is framed by Europe’s long history of racial securitization, which in this case facilitates migrants’ data doubles becoming a key locus for financialization and the generation of a surplus for the security and defense industries.
The use of complementary and alternative medicine in Iceland: Results from a national health survey
Authors: Gunnarsdottir Thora Jenny , Örlygsdóttir Brynja , Vilhjálmsson Rúnar
Published: August 2019

Background: The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has increased in Western societies in recent years. In a national health survey conducted in 2006 in Iceland, 31.8% of the population had used CAM in the past 12 months; however, the trend of CAM use since then is unknown. This study’s aim was to describe participants’ use of CAM providers in Iceland in 2015 and compare it to the results of the previous survey. The current study explored the relationship between the participants’ use of CAM and their background, religiosity, healthcare attitudes, mental and physical health, and physician visits. Methods: The study was based on a national health survey conducted in the Spring of 2015. The questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of Icelandic adults, aged 18–75. Altogether 1599 respondents returned valid questionnaires (response rate 58%). The standardized questions were developed and tested in previous health surveys. Results: Nearly 40% of respondents had used CAM in the past 12 months. This is an estimated 8.4% increase since 2006. Women and people with more education were more likely than other participants to use CAM. Repeated physician visits were related to increased likelihood of CAM use. Individuals with high anxiety were more likely than others to use CAM. Conclusions: Icelanders use CAM providers to a considerable degree, and CAM use has increased in recent years. Most CAM users appear to use CAM to complement care received in the general health system.
Burning out and turning off: Journalists’ disconnection strategies on social media
Authors: Bossio Diana , Holton Avery E
Published: August 2019

This study explores forms of social media fatigue described by professional journalists, including frustration with the perception of their increased affective labor, dissatisfaction with communication environments on particular social media platforms, and increased anxiety about the possible impact of social media use on both their professional reputations and personal well-being. We argue that these forms of social media fatigue have influenced new professional practices on social media practice that include strategies of disconnecting from, but not necessarily terminating, social media use. Using a comparative analysis of semistructured interviews with Australian and American professional journalists, this study illustrates that experiences of social media fatigue over time have resulted in a careful renegotiation of professional and personal boundaries around journalists’ social media use, influenced by the technological, social, and cultural affordances of specific media platforms, organizational and institutional constraints, as well as the online literacies and behaviors of journalists themselves.
I’m in love with the bobo
Authors: Moussa Salim
Published: August 2019

Could a human be in a love relationship with a brand? No. Could a respondent to a researcher’s survey or interview say that she or he is in love with a brand? Yes.
The inverse square law in metrology considering a finite photosensitive area
Authors: Shibuya T , Kitaguchi K , Iwanaga T
Published: August 2019

In the field of photometry, an inverse square law is often used in which the illuminance value is inversely proportional to the square of the photometric distance. It is well known that this is a rule that assumes that the light source is a point light source. In this research, it is shown by model simulation that the inverse square law cannot be applied with high accuracy depending on the distance and the size of the light-receiving area even in the case of a point light source. Also, when checked experimentally, the experimental results agree well with the simulation.
Quality Assurance in Teaching K–12 Health Education: Paving a New Path Forward
Authors: Birch David A. , Goekler Susan , Auld M. Elaine , Lohrmann David K. , Lyde Adrian
Published: August 2019

To be effective, school health instruction should be taught by health educators who have graduated from accredited health education teacher education programs and are certified in health education. Unfortunately, the nation has failed to ensure that all those who teach health in schools are well prepared. States vary in the required coursework for health teachers in terms of initial licensure and continuing education for licensure renewal; most elementary teachers are not required to receive preparation in health education; health education and physical education are often viewed as synonymous disciplines; support for in-service education of health teachers is often lacking; and more research is needed in professional preparation and development of school health educators. This article provides a call to action in five areas to strengthen both the professional preparation and professional development of school health educators. Given that education is a social determinant of health, public health educators must become stronger allies in supporting school health to promote health equity. Public health practitioners can advocate to state and community school decision makers for comprehensive school health education taught by teachers with appropriate professional preparation and certification in health education. Public health faculty can educate their students about the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child framework and effective strategies for its implementation, and seek rigorous professional preparation and certification and accreditation standards for their school teacher preparation programs. National health and education organizations can call for new leadership and investments in health education teacher preparation and development for a brighter future.
Addressing Challenges to the Reliable, Large-Scale Implementation of Effective School Health Education
Authors: Mann Michael J. , Lohrmann David K.
Published: August 2019

The long-held priority of teaching young people the knowledge and skills needed for healthy living has recently been diminished in many preK-12 schools. Driven by federal and state priorities, laws, and policies associated with high-stakes testing, instruction in untested subjects has been reduced or eliminated in most schools in order to devote more attention to tested subjects, like reading, math, writing, and science. This article proposes a pathway to ensure that all children are able to learn what society knows about health. To that end, four challenges to the reliable, large-scale implementation of effective school health education are identified: (1) establishing school health education as an undeniable social and cultural priority through improved advocacy; (2) strengthening educational institutions’ capacities to reliably deliver large-scale, high-quality, school-based health education; (3) collaboratively coordinating efforts of health-promoting governmental and nongovernmental organizations that generate thought leadership for school health education; and (4) creating multidisciplinary research capacities for solving problems associated with the implementation of reliable, large-scale, effective school health education. By implementing specific strategies associated with each challenge, health educators can promote the social and system-level conditions required to support, elevate, and ensure delivery of effective health education to every student in every school every year.
A Rare Case of Recurrent Lower Extremity Ulcer
Authors: Zhu Wei , Song Huapei
Published: August 2019

Venous leg ulcers are a manifestation of lower extremity chronic venous disorder. Venous hypertension caused by abnormal venous blood flow is considered to be the primary mechanism of venous ulcers. The etiology of lower extremity venous ulcer is complicated, and it is difficult to be treated. At present, it has achieved a certain effect for venous leg ulcers through the combination of drugs, pressure therapy, and surgical treatment. Budd-Chiari syndrome is a rare syndrome characterized by portal hypertension and/or inferior vena cava syndrome. Treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome includes anticoagulation, thrombolysis, angioplasty, stenting, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, and liver transplantation. This article reports an elderly female patient with recurrent ulceration of both lower extremities that healed poorly after long-term dressing and skin grafting. During further examination, she was found to have Budd-Chiari syndrome. Through multidisciplinary treatment, which includes removing the inferior vena cava stenosis and implanting the ulcer wound, the ulcer wounds then healed.
Failure to Focus on the Discipline of Black Girls: Encouraging School Leaders to Initiate Conversations
Authors: Gibson Taji L. , Decker Janet R.
Published: August 2019

Although increasing attention has been given to the disproportionate discipline of Black students in general, the specific needs of Black girls have often been overlooked. This article encourages school leaders to analyze how discipline policies are often problematic for Black girls. The article provides a case narrative to illustrate the issue and describes current discipline policy trends. The article recommends school leaders attend not only to implicit biases, but also to their legal requirements to protect Black girls from uneven, culturally biased practices. The article concludes with “Teaching Notes” instructing leaders how to hold courageous conversations to support Black girls.
State estimation for the electro-hydraulic actuator based on particle filter with an improved resampling technique
Authors: Guo Runxia , Wei Zhile , Wei Ye
Published: August 2019

State estimation for the electro-hydraulic actuator of civil aircraft is one of the most valuable but intractable issues. Recently, the state estimation approach based on particle filters has widely attracted attention. We pursue the benefits of the data-driven approach when physical model is deficienct, and put forward some improvements that are triggered by the shortcomings of particle filters algorithm. In order to solve the particles’ degeneracy phenomenon in particle filters, a kernel function that integrates the information of probability distribution is constructed; then, the established probability kernel function is designed to represent the probability density function of resampling and the regularization form of probability density function in Hilbert space is defined. Consequently, the probability density function of resampling is obtained by solving the support vector regression model. The novel resampling method based on support vector regression-particle filters can keep the diversity of particles as well as relieve the degeneracy phenomenon and eventually make the estimated state more realistic. The approach is simulated and applied to an electro-hydraulic actuator model. The estimation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.