bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maize leaf-removal: A new agronomic approach to increase dry matter, flower number and seed-yield of soybean in maize soybean relay intercropping system
Authors: Raza Muhammad Ali , Feng Ling Yang , van der Werf Wopke , Iqbal Nasir , Khalid Muhammad Hayder Bin , Chen Yuan Kai , Wasaya Allah , Ahmed Shoaib , Ud Din Atta Mohi , Khan Ahsin , Ahmed Saeed , Yang Feng , Yang Wenyu
Published: September 2019

Shading conditions adversely affect flower-number and pod-number of soybeans under maize-soybean relay-intercropping (MSR). Here we reveal that leaf-removal from maize-canopy improves the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) transmittance and dry-matter production (DMP) of soybean (especially during the co-growth phase), and compensates the maize seed-yield loss by considerably increasing soybean seed-yield. In a two-year experiment with MSR, maize-plants were subjected to different leaf-removal treatments to increase the PAR-transmittance of soybean; removal of the topmost two-leaves (R2), four-leaves (R4), six-leaves (R6), with no-removal of leaves (R0). Leaf-removal treatments improved the PAR-transmittance, photosynthetic-rate, and morphological-characteristics of soybean under MSR. At 90 days after sowing, the dry-matter of pods, and seeds was increased by 25%, and 32%, respectively under R6 than R0. Importantly, enhanced PAR-transmittance and DMP under R6 enabled soybean to initiate a greater number of flowers 182.2 plant−1 compared to 142.7 plant−1 under R0, and it also decreased the flower-abscission (by 13%, from 54.9% under R0 to 47.6% under R6). These positive responses increased the pod-number by 49% and seed-number by 28% under R6 than R0. Overall, under R6, relay-intercropped soybean produced 78% of sole-soybean seed-yield, and relay-intercropped maize produced 81% of sole-maize seed-yield and achieved the land equivalent ratio of 1.59.
Subsidies from anthropogenic resources alter diet, activity, and ranging behavior of an apex predator (Canis lupus)
Authors: Petroelje Tyler R. , Belant Jerrold L. , Beyer Dean E. , Svoboda Nathan J.
Published: September 2019

Acquisition of resources can be costly and individuals are predicted to optimize foraging strategies to maximize net energy gain. Wolves (Canis lupus) would be expected to scavenge on subsidies from anthropogenic resources when these resources provide an energetic benefit over the capture of wild prey. We examined the effects of subsidies from anthropogenic resources in the form of livestock carcass dumps (LCDs) on wolf space use, activity, tortuosity, and diet in portions of North America’s northern hardwood/boreal ecosystem. We fitted 19 wolves with global positioning system collars during May–August of 2009–2011 and 2013–2015. Wolves with LCDs within their home ranges used areas adjacent to LCDs greater than non-LCD sites and had decreased home ranges and activity as compared to wolves without LCDs in their home ranges. Additionally, cattle comprised at least 22% of wolf diet from scavenging in areas with LCDs present as compared to no cattle in the diet of wolves without access to LCDs. Subsidies from anthropogenic resources in the form of LCDs can serve as attractants for wolves and alter wolf diet, activity, and ranging behavior. Apex predators may alter their behavior where subsidies from anthropogenic resources occur and management of these subsidies should be considered when attempting to reduce the impacts of humans on wolf behavior.
Increased Granulopoiesis in the Bone Marrow following Epstein-Barr Virus Infection
Authors: Katahira Yasuhiro , Higuchi Hiroshi , Matsushita Hiromichi , Yahata Takashi , Yamamoto Yuichiro , Koike Ryo , Ando Kiyoshi , Sato Katsuaki , Imadome Ken-Ichi , Kotani Ai
Published: September 2019

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with several disorders. EBV is known to modulate the proliferation and survival of hematopoietic cells such as B cells and T cells in human. However, the effects of EBV on hematopoiesis itself have not been investigated. To study EBV infection in murine models, their hematopoiesis must be humanized, since EBV infection is limited only in primates. To engraft the human hematopoiesis, NOD/Shi-scid-IL2rγnull (NOG) mice were used. Usually, the hematopoiesis humanized mice reconstitute only lymphoid cells, but myeloid cells are not. However, we revealed human macrophages (hMφ) and their precursor monocytes were increased in peripheral tissues of EBV-infected mice. Furthermore, our previous report indicated Mφ accumulation in spleen was essential for development of EBV-positive tumors, suggesting that EBV modulates human hematopoiesis in order to thrive. Interestingly, we revealed a dramatic increase of immature granulocytes only in bone marrow of EBV-infected mice. In addition, GM-CSF, a cytokine that is essential for differentiation of the myeloid lineage, was significantly increased in EBV-infected mice. These results were also reproduced in patients with EBV-related disorders. We suggest that the hematopoietic alterations during EBV-infection might contribute immune suppression to the development and exacerbation of EBV-related disorders.
Clinical outcomes of an intraoperative surgical margin assessment using the fresh frozen section method in patients with invasive breast cancer undergoing breast-conserving surgery – a single center analysis
Authors: Nowikiewicz Tomasz , Śrutek Ewa , Głowacka-Mrotek Iwona , Tarkowska Magdalena , Żyromska Agnieszka , Zegarski Wojciech
Published: September 2019

Breast conserving treatment (BCT) is a safe standard therapeutic method in patients with early invasive breast cancer. However, it is associated with an increased risk of residual neoplastic tissues in surgical margins. The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of the use of the intraoperative pathologic analysis by the frozen section (FS) method for evaluation of the extent of the primary lumpectomy. The study concerns a retrospective analysis of a group of 1102 patients who underwent BCT between Jan 2015 and Dec 2016. The assessment focused on the frequency of the intraoperative pathologic analysis of the primary lumpectomy extent (fresh frozen section method). The influence of the BCT specimen analysis method on the free margins width, as well as the rate and the cause of reoperation were evaluated. The intraoperative lumpectomy evaluation was performed in 45.8% (505/1102) of patients (Group I), while in the remaining 54.2% of the cases it was decided to abandon this procedure (Group II). Although in 72 (14.3%) patients the intraoperative analysis gave negative results, the margins contained residual tumor tissue (vs. 16.9% in Group II). In Group I, conversion from the previously planned BCT to mastectomy was necessary in 5.9% (30/505) patients (vs. 9.7% in Group II). The duration of surgery was 48.9 ± 17.3 minutes (Group I) and 42.9 ± 13.6 minutes (Group II). In patients undergoing BCT, the use of the intraoperative pathologic analysis by the FS method resulted in a reduction of the total number of reoperations performed due to residual tumor found in the margins following the primary lumpectomy. However, it statistically significantly extended the duration of the surgery.
Within-host evolution of bovine Staphylococcus aureus selects for a SigB-deficient pathotype characterized by reduced virulence but enhanced proteolytic activity and biofilm formation
Authors: Marbach Helene , Mayer Katharina , Vogl Claus , Lee Jean Y. H. , Monk Ian R. , Sordelli Daniel O. , Buzzola Fernanda R. , Ehling-Schulz Monika , Grunert Tom
Published: September 2019

Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of bovine mastitis, commonly leading to long-lasting, persistent and recurrent infections. Thereby, S. aureus constantly refines and permanently adapts to the bovine udder environment. In this work, we followed S. aureus within-host adaptation over the course of three months in a naturally infected dairy cattle with chronic, subclinical mastitis. Whole genome sequence analysis revealed a complete replacement of the initial predominant variant by another isogenic variant. We report for the first time within-host evolution towards a sigma factor SigB-deficient pathotype in S. aureus bovine mastitis, associated with a single nucleotide polymorphism in rsbU (G368A → G122D), a contributor to SigB-functionality. The emerged SigB-deficient pathotype exhibits a substantial shift to new phenotypic traits comprising strong proteolytic activity and poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG)-based biofilm production. This possibly unlocks new nutritional resources and promotes immune evasion, presumably facilitating extracellular persistence within the host. Moreover, we observed an adaptation towards attenuated virulence using a mouse infection model. This study extends the role of sigma factor SigB in S. aureus pathogenesis, so far described to be required for intracellular persistence during chronic infections. Our findings suggest that S. aureus SigB-deficiency is an alternative mechanism for persistence and underpin the clinical relevance of staphylococcal SigB-deficient variants which are consistently isolated during human chronic infections.
Cell Type Classification and Unsupervised Morphological Phenotyping From Low-Resolution Images Using Deep Learning
Authors: Yao Kai , Rochman Nash D. , Sun Sean X.
Published: September 2019

Convolutional neural networks (ConvNets) have proven to be successful in both the classification and semantic segmentation of cell images. Here we establish a method for cell type classification utilizing images taken with a benchtop microscope directly from cell culture flasks, eliminating the need for a dedicated imaging platform. Significant flask-to-flask morphological heterogeneity was discovered and overcome to support network generalization to novel data. Cell density was found to be a prominent source of heterogeneity even when cells are not in contact. For the same cell types, expert classification was poor for single-cell images and better for multi-cell images, suggesting experts rely on the identification of characteristic phenotypes within subsets of each population. We also introduce Self-Label Clustering (SLC), an unsupervised clustering method relying on feature extraction from the hidden layers of a ConvNet, capable of cellular morphological phenotyping. This clustering approach is able to identify distinct morphological phenotypes within a cell type, some of which are observed to be cell density dependent. Finally, our cell classification algorithm was able to accurately identify cells in mixed populations, showing that ConvNet cell type classification can be a label-free alternative to traditional cell sorting and identification.
A biomimetic fluorescent nanosensor based on imprinted polymers modified with carbon dots for sensitive detection of alpha-fetoprotein in clinical samples
Authors: Sun Chenghong , Pan Linli , Zhang Lei , Huang Jiaojiao , Yao Dandan , Wang Chong-Zhi , Zhang Yu , Jiang Nan , Chen Lina , Yuan Chun-su
Published: September 2019

A biomimetic fluorescent nanosensor based on molecularly imprinted polymers modified with carbon dots (CDs@MIPs) has been prepared for rapid, selective and sensitive detection of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in clinical samples.
Synergistic effect of supercritical CO2 and organic solvent on exfoliation of graphene: experiment and atomistic simulation studies
Authors: Liu Lixi , Chen Yan , Dang Fei , Liu Yilun , Tian Xiaogeng , Chen Xi
Published: September 2019

The synergistic effect of scCO2 and organic solvent on exfoliation of graphene was studied by experiments and atomistic simulations.
Double-platelet Pd@ZnO microcrystals for NO2 chemical sensors: their facile synthesis and DFT investigation
Authors: Zhang Yong-Hui , Li Yu-Liang , Gong Fei-Long , Xie Ke-Fei , Zhang Hao-Li , Fang Shao-Ming
Published: September 2019

The growth and evolution processes of double-platelet, single-platelet and spherical ZnO microcrystallines are investigated.
Solvent-driven luminescence modulation/switching in an iridium(iii) complex containing an aldehyde group
Authors: Rui Kai , Wang Zhong-Ye , Yuan Qin-Zhen , Cao Deng-Ke
Published: September 2019

Complex [Ir(dfppy)2(phca)]PF6 (1) containing an aldehyde group shows solvent-driven luminescence modulation/switching both in solution and in the solid state.
Dynamic surface properties of PEG-coated CuS nanoparticles alter their interaction with cells as revealed by surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Cao Fengjuan , Wu Lie , Zhang Xiaofei , Li Shanshan , Wang Chao , Zhen Wenyao , Jiang Xiue
Published: September 2019

How the dynamic changes of the surface properties of nanoparticles affect the nano-cell interaction was revealed for the first time, by in situ real-time label-free SEIRA spectroscopy at the nanoscale.
Biomineralization improves the thermostability of foot-and-mouth disease virus-like particles and the protective immune response induced
Authors: Du Ping , Liu Ronghuan , Sun Shiqi , Dong Hu , Zhao Ruibo , Tang Ruikang , Dai Jianwu , Yin Hong , Luo Jianxun , Liu Zaixin , Guo Huichen
Published: September 2019

Schematic description of immune activation of DCs of the thermostable biomineralized VLPs.
Vinylboronic acid-caged prodrug activation using click-to-release tetrazine ligation
Authors: Lelieveldt Lianne P. W. M. , Eising Selma , Wijen Abel , Bonger Kimberly M.
Published: September 2019

Vinylboronic acids react selectively with tetrazines containing a boron-coordinating substituent. The authors explore this coordination-assisted cycloaddition for the click-to-release activation of a therapeutic drug.
Applications of sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2) in chemical transformations
Authors: Lekkala Ravindar , Lekkala Revathi , Moku Balakrishna , Rakesh K. P. , Qin Hua-Li
Published: September 2019

A number of novel methodologies concerning the chemical, biological and medicinal applications of sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2) gas have dramatically improved year by year.
Ink-jet patterning of graphene by cap assisted barrier-guided CVD
Authors: Chen Ding-Rui , Chiu Sheng-Kuei , Wu Meng-Ping , Hsu Chia-Chen , Ting Chu-Chi , Hofmann Mario , Hsieh Ya-Ping
Published: September 2019

High-resolution graphene patterning through ink-jet deposition of a barrier and subsequent CVD is achieved by a confinement-assisted growth process.
Factors affecting performance and functional stratification of membrane-aerated biofilms with a counter-diffusion configuration
Authors: Li Tinggang , Liu Junxin
Published: September 2019

Biofilm thickness is a key factor affecting structural and functional stratification of community in counter-diffusion membrane-aerated biofilms (MABs) with the simultaneous degradation of acetonitrile, and nitrification and denitrification.
Protective effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) against PCB-induced acute hepatotoxicity in male rats
Authors: Ahd Khedher , Dhibi Sabah , Akermi Sarra , Bouzenna Hafsia , Samout Noura , Elfeki Abdelfattah , Hfaiedh Najla
Published: September 2019

After absorption by the organism, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) cross cellular membranes and pass into blood vessels and the lymphatic system.
The directions of an external electric field control the catalysis of the hydroboration of C–O unsaturated compounds
Authors: Zhang Ming-Xia , Xu Hong-Liang , Su Zhong-Min
Published: September 2019

EEF facilitates hydroboration by reducing its barrier in a specific direction; as illustrated in the image, the monkey easily picks the peach on the lower branch.
One-pot sequential synthesis and antifungal activity of 2-(benzylsulfonyl)benzothiazole derivatives
Authors: Ballari María Sol , Herrera Cano Natividad , Wunderlin Daniel A. , Feresin Gabriela E. , Santiago Ana N.
Published: September 2019

New antifungal agrochemicals, derived from 2-(benzylsulfonyl)benzothiazole were synthesized by an environmentally friendly method, using water as reaction medium.
The structural diversity of heterocycle-fused potassium cyclopentadienides
Authors: Nifant'ev Ilya E. , Vinogradov Alexander A. , Minyaev Mikhail E. , Komarov Pavel D. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Birin Kirill P. , Dyadchenko Viktor P. , Ivchenko Pavel V.
Published: September 2019

Heterocycle-fused cyclopentadienides of potassium demonstrate remarkable diversity in metal–ligand coordination and crystal packing.
Gate voltage and doping effects on near-field radiation heat transfer in plasmonic heterogeneous pairs of graphene and black phosphorene
Authors: Debu Desalegn T. , Doha M. Hasan , Churchill Hugh O. H. , Herzog Joseph B.
Published: September 2019

Plasmon coupling and hybridization in 2D materials plays a significant role for controlling light–matter interaction at the nanoscale.
High voltage electrochemical exfoliation of graphite for high-yield graphene production
Authors: Roscher Sarah , Hoffmann René , Prescher Mario , Knittel Peter , Ambacher Oliver
Published: September 2019

We demonstrate a highly efficient, single-step, cathodic exfoliation process of graphite to produce single- to few-layer graphene with a yield of over 70% from natural graphite flakes.
Preparation and characterization of a nanolignin phenol formaldehyde resin by replacing phenol partially with lignin nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Yu , Gong Xiaowu , Yang Gaoshan , Li Qin , Zhou Na
Published: September 2019

A new strategy for the preparation of a lignin phenol formaldehyde (LPF) resin.
A bifunctional sensor based on diarylethene for the colorimetric recognition of Cu2+ and fluorescence detection of Cd2+
Authors: Qiu Shouyu , Lu Mengmeng , Cui Shiqiang , Wang Zhen , Pu Shouzhi
Published: September 2019

A bifunctional sensor for colorimetric recognition of Cu2+ and fluorescent detection of Cd2+ was synthesized. It not only showed high selectivity and sensitivity to Cu2+ and Cd2+, but also could be used in practical water samples with high accuracy.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,2,3-triazole based 2-aminobenzimidazoles as novel inhibitors of LasR dependent quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Srinivasarao Singireddi , Nandikolla Adinarayana , Nizalapur Shashidhar , Yu Tsz Tin , Pulya Sravani , Ghosh Balaram , Murugesan Sankaranarayanan , Kumar Naresh , Chandra Sekhar Kondapalli Venkata Gowri
Published: September 2019

Out of 40 benzimdazoles, 12 exhibited potent QSI activity against P. aeruginosa6p, most active QSI is docked to LasR and is less toxic against HEK 293 cell line.
Understanding metal-enhanced fluorescence and structural properties in Au@Ag core–shell nanocubes
Authors: Jung Dae-Woong , Kim Jun Min , Yun Hyung Joong , Yi Gi-Ra , Cho Jung Young , Jung Haeun , Lee Gaehang , Chae Weon-Sik , Nam Ki Min
Published: September 2019

The unique ring-like building block of Au@AgNCs has dual optical functions as a fluorescence quencher and fluorescence enhancement medium.
TiO2–Au composite nanofibers for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Yang Xiaojiao , Wu Xuelian , Li Jun , Liu Ying
Published: September 2019

The H2 production rate of TiO2–Au nanofibers is dramatically improved to 12 440 μmol g−1 h−1, 10 times that of pure TiO2.
Sb2Te3 as the saturable absorber for the ∼2.0 μm passively Q-switched solid state pulsed laser
Authors: Wang Xihu , Hu Jinyu , Xu Jinlong , Sun Yijian , Xia Houping , Tu Chaoyang
Published: September 2019

We demonstrated a passively Q-switched Tm:YAP solid state pulsed laser based on an Sb2Te3 saturable absorber.
Hierarchical porous carbon derived from carboxylated coal-tar pitch for electrical double-layer capacitors
Authors: Wang Haiyang , Zhu Hongzhe , Li Yixuan , Qi Debang , Wang Shoukai , Shen Kaihua
Published: September 2019

The specific capacitance of the HPC-2 electrode retention of 93.9% was obtained after 10 000 cycles, indicating good electrochemical stability.
Development of improved dual-diazonium reagents for faster crosslinking of tobacco mosaic virus to form hydrogels
Authors: Ma Dejun , Chen Zhuoyue , Yi Long , Xi Zhen
Published: September 2019

Improved dual-diazonium reagents were developed for more efficient crosslinking of tobacco mosaic virus to form hydrogels.
One-step deposition of antibacterial Ag@Pdop hybrid films on an NiTi alloy
Authors: Yin Yongkui , Li Ying , Cai Wei , Sui Jiehe
Published: September 2019

Ag@12Pdop modified NiTi was fabricated by one-step immersion method; it exhibited strong antibacterial activity, enhanced anticorrosion performance, and ideal cytocompatibility.
One-step solution synthesis of a two-dimensional semiconducting covalent organometallic nanosheet via the condensation of boronic acid
Authors: Wang Qijun , Yan Jiahao , Xiao Mingchao , Manoj Devaraj , Zhong Cheng , Lv Qiying , Yang Lite , Wu Liangmei , Wang Zhuoping , Bao Lihong , Gao Hongjun , Xiao Fei , Jiang Lang , Wang Shuai
Published: September 2019

A 2D covalent organometallic nanosheet (COMS-Co) was synthesized through the one-step conjunction of sandwich coordinate motif with covalent heterocyclic linkage via the condensation of boronic acid, and it showed promising semiconducting properties.
Improved ferroelectric properties and band-gap tuning in BiFeO3 films via substitution of Mn
Authors: Yang Song , Ma Guobin , Xu Lei , Deng Chaoyong , Wang Xu
Published: September 2019

Multiferroic BiFe1−xMnxO3 (x = 0, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12) films have been prepared on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si and ITO/glass substrates via the solution-gelation technique.
Hexanuclear Cu3O–3Cu triazole-based units as novel core motifs for high nuclearity copper(ii) frameworks
Authors: Ferrer Sacramento , Hernández-Gil Javier , Valverde-Muñoz Francisco Javier , Lloret Francisco , Castiñeiras Alfonso
Published: September 2019

The novel hexanuclear {Cu6(μ3-O/H)(HV/V)3} fragment is the building block of the hexanuclear, the dodecanuclear and the tetradecanuclear-1D-polymeric structures described here.
Printed electronics based on inorganic conductive nanomaterials and their applications in intelligent food packaging
Authors: Liao Yu , Zhang Rui , Qian Jun
Published: September 2019

The diverse demands of consumers for packaging functions and increasingly complex product circulation systems have spurred the development of intelligent food packaging (IFP).
A formation model of superoxide radicals photogenerated in nano-TiO2 suspensions
Authors: Wang Dabin , Zhao Lixia , Song Dean , Qiu Jun , Kong Fanyu , Guo Liang-Hong
Published: September 2019

A formation model of superoxide produced in TiO2 photocatalysis was constructed for the first time and verified.
Research status, industrial application demand and prospects of phenolic resin
Authors: Xu Yanru , Guo Lifang , Zhang Haonan , Zhai Huamin , Ren Hao
Published: September 2019

The synthesis process of the phenolic resin adhesive was developed in the 19th century, and its excellent environmental resistance and high bonding strength make it one of the main wood adhesives.
How to promote chemical literacy? On-line question posing and communicating with scientists
Authors: Kohen Zehavit , Herscovitz Orit , Dori Yehudit Judy
Published: September 2019

Facilitating students' chemical literacy is a focal point of current science education. This study examines views of chemists and chemistry teachers on chemical literacy and, more broadly, on scientific literacy of four kinds of stakeholders: scientists, teachers, STEM students, and the educated public. We explored the views of 347 participants, representing the four stakeholder groups with diversified scientific literacy, and an Ask-a-Scientist public website as a communication channel for facilitating chemical literacy through posing questions. Research tools included interviews, open-ended questionnaires, and questions retrieved from the website. We found that the questions posed on the website expressed a range of levels of chemical literacy that the students had constructed. The stakeholder groups expressed diverse perspectives of their experiences using various types of communication channels, arguing for the need to encourage students to pose questions and receive scientists' responses. Our study is placed in the larger context of scientific literacy and communication channels, as it takes the example of chemical literacy, with a focus on communications among scientists and chemistry teachers in the context of an Ask-a-Scientist website. It has established a link between responses of various stakeholders and the literature definitions regarding scientific literacy with focus on chemical literacy. From a practical viewpoint, the study presents a productive communication channel for posing questions in the context of chemistry and other sciences. Methodologically, this study includes the design of tools for analyzing both the views of different stakeholders and for evaluating the complexity level of chemistry questions, which might serve chemistry educators.
Nickel formate induced high-levelin situNi-doping of g-C3N4for a tunable band structure and enhanced photocatalytic performance
Authors: Deng Peiqin , Xiong Jinsong , Lei Shuijin , Wang Wei , Ou Xiuling , Xu Yueling , Xiao Yanhe , Cheng Baochang
Published: September 2019

Nickel formate is used for the first time for high-levelin situNi-doping of g-C3N4for enhanced photocatalytic activity in both dye-degradation and H2-evolution.
A facile solvothermal polymerization approach to thermoplastic polymer-based nanocomposites as alternative anodes for high-performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Sha Zongfeng , Qiu Shengqiang , Zhang Qing , Huang Zhiyong , Cui Xun , Yang Yingkui , Lin Zhiqun
Published: September 2019

A solvothermal polymerization approach to graphene/poly(methyl methacrylate) thermoplastic nanocomposites as low-cost alternative anode materials with superior lithium storage capability.
The green poly-lysine enantiomers as electron-extraction layers for high performance organic photovoltaics
Authors: Huang Kai-Ting , Shih Chien-Chung , Jiang Bing-Huang , Jeng Ru-Jong , Chen Chih-Ping , Chen Wen-Chang
Published: September 2019

In this study, we first revealed green materials – poly-lysines (poly-l-lysine and poly-l-lysine blend poly-d-lysine) – as electron-extraction layers (EELs) in organic photovoltaics (OPVs).
Synthesis and characterization of a multi-functional on–off–on fluorescent oxidized graphitic carbon nitride nanosensor for iodide, chromium(vi), and ascorbic acid
Authors: Yu Jun-Ling , Hao Lu-Yuan , Dong Bin-Bin , Wang Fei-Hong , Khan Sayed Ali , Li Zhan , Xu Xin , Li Qun-Xiang , Agathopoulos Simeon
Published: September 2019

The nano-CNO with enhanced fluorescence exhibited sensitive and selective recognition of iodides, chromium(vi), which is promising for biosensing.
Dynamic magnetic properties and spin pumping in polymer-assisted-deposited La0.92MnO3 thin films
Authors: Wang Hailin , Pomar Alberto , Martín-Rio Sergi , Frontera Carlos , Mestres Narcis , Martínez Benjamín
Published: September 2019

Magnetic damping is enhanced in La0.92MnO3 thin films grown via polymer-assisted deposition by spin pumping in a Pt cap layer.
Highly efficient TADF OLEDs with low efficiency roll-off based on novel acridine–carbazole hybrid donor-substituted pyrimidine derivatives
Authors: Zhang Qing , Sun Shuaiqiang , Chung Won Jae , Yoon Sung Joon , Wang Yaxiong , Guo Runda , Ye Shaofeng , Lee Jun Yeob , Wang Lei
Published: September 2019

Dimethyl acridine (Ac) and carbazole (Cz) donors are fused to produce acridine–carbazole hybrid donors 12AcCz (8,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl-8,13-dihydro-5H-indolo[2,3-c]acridine) and 23AcCz (13,13-dimethyl-7-phenyl-7,13-dihydro-5H-indolo[3,2-b]acridine).
Gelatin/PVA composited photochromic film for light printing with fast rewritability and long-term storage ability
Authors: Yang Yongqi , Xu Jianyu , Li Yi , Gao Guanghui
Published: September 2019

A photochromic film that could be fast erased and possess long-term preservation ability has been designed, and could be used as rewritable paper.
Predictions for the diffuse cosmic dipole at radio frequencies from reionization imprints
Authors: Trombetti T. , Burigana C.
Published: September 2019

The cosmological reionization and thermal history, following the recombination epoch and the dark age, can be studied at radio frequencies through the tomographic view offered by the redshifted 21 cm line and the integrated information offered by the diffuse free-free emission, coupled to the Comptonization distortion, which is relevant at higher frequencies. For these types of signals, current theoretical predictions span a wide range of possibilities. The recent EDGES observations of the monopole disagree with the typical standard models and call, if confirmed, for non-standard physical processes and/or for an early population of extragalactic sources producing a remarkable radio background at high redshifts that is almost consistent with the ARCADE 2 claim of a significant excess of cosmic microwave background (CMB) absolute temperature at low frequency. These signatures can be observed both in global (or monopole) signal and fluctuations from very large to small angular scales. The peculiar motion of an observer with respect to an ideal reference frame, at rest with respect to the CMB, produces boosting effects in several observable quantities. They are remarkable in the anisotropy patterns at low multipoles, particularly in the dipole, with frequency spectral behaviours depending on the spectrum of the monopole emission, as previously studied in the context of CMB spectral distortions. We present here a novel investigation of this effect at radio frequencies, aimed at predicting the imprints expected in the redshifted 21 cm line signal and in the diffuse free-free emission plus the Comptonization distortion for several representative models. Furthermore, we consider the same type of signal, but as expected from the cosmological (CMB plus potential astrophysical signals) radio background determining the offset for 21 cm redshifted line. The combination of the four types of signal and their different relevance in the various frequency ranges is studied. This approach of linking monopole and anisotropy analyses, can be applied on all-sky or relatively wide sky coverage surveys as well as to a suitable set of sky patches. By relying only on the quality of interfrequency and relative data calibration, the approach in principle by-passes the need for precise absolute calibration, which is a critical point of current and future radio interferometric facilities.
Inferring high-redshift large-scale structure dynamics from the Lyman-αforest
Authors: Porqueres Natalia , Jasche Jens , Lavaux Guilhem , Enßlin Torsten
Published: September 2019

One of the major science goals over the coming decade is to test fundamental physics with probes of the cosmic large-scale structure out to high redshift. Here we present a fully Bayesian approach to infer the three-dimensional cosmic matter distribution and its dynamics atz >  2 from observations of the Lyman-αforest. We demonstrate that the method recovers the unbiased mass distribution and the correct matter power spectrum at all scales. Our method infers the three-dimensional density field from a set of one-dimensional spectra, interpolating the information between the lines of sight. We show that our algorithm provides unbiased mass profiles of clusters, becoming an alternative for estimating cluster masses complementary to weak lensing or X-ray observations. The algorithm employs a Hamiltonian Monte Carlo method to generate realizations of initial and evolved density fields and the three-dimensional large-scale flow, revealing the cosmic dynamics at high redshift. The method correctly handles multi-modal parameter distributions, which allow constraining the physics of the intergalactic medium with high accuracy. We performed several tests using realistic simulated quasar spectra to test and validate our method. Our results show that detailed and physically plausible inference of three-dimensional large-scale structures at high redshift has become feasible.
CHEP 2018: Preface to the Proceedings
Authors: Forti Alessandra , Betev Latchezar , Litmaath Maarten , Smirnova Oxana , Vasileva Petya , Vassilev Vassil , Hristov Peter
Published: September 2019

The 23rd International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP) took place in the National Palace of Culture, Sofia, Bulgaria from 9th to 13th of July 2018. 575 participants joined the plenary and the eight parallel sessions dedicated to: online computing; offline computing; distributed computing; data handling; software development; machine learning and physics analysis; clouds, virtualisation and containers; networks and facilities. The conference hosted 35 plenary presentations, 323 parallel presentations and 188 posters.
Software Based Control and Monitoring of a Hardware Based Track Reconstruction System for the ATLAS Experiment
Authors: Sottocornola Simone
Published: September 2019

During Run 2 of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) the instantaneous luminosity exceeded the nominal value of 1034 cm−2 s−1 with a 25 ns bunch crossing period and the number of overlapping proton-proton interactions per bunch crossing increased to a maximum of about 80. These conditions pose a challenge to the trigger system of the experiments that has to manage rates while keeping a good efficiency for interesting physics events. This document summarizes the software based control and monitoring of a hardware-based track reconstruction system for the ATLAS experiment, called Fast Tracker (FTK), composed of associative memories and FPGAs operating at the rate of 100 kHz and providing high quality track information within the available latency to the high-level trigger. In particular, we will detail the commissioning of the FTK within the ATLAS online software system presenting the solutions adopted for scaling up the system and ensuring robustness and redundancy. We will also describe the solutions to challenges such as controlling the occupancy of the buffers, managing the heterogeneous and large configuration, and providing monitoring information at sufficient rate.
The ToolDAQ DAQ Software Framework & Its Use In The Hyper-K & ANNIE Detectors
Authors: Richards Benjamin
Published: September 2019

DAQ software is often a little-considered part of an experiment, with many experiments either using a rigid, heavily convoluted multi experiment framework or custom built software that lacks features and is fragmented. Equally these solutions tend not to be fault tolerant, scalable, distributed, dynamic to hardware changes or easy to produce. Presented here is ToolDAQ a C++ DAQ framework which has been designed to be easy and fast to develop for in a modular and simple way. It has many features such as in-built service discovery, dynamic reconfiguration, remote control/monitoring via web and terminal interfaces and a highly scalable fault-tolerant network communication infrastructure provided by ZeroMQ (ZMQ) built in. It is also compatible with newer and older hardware, both being very lightweight and with low dependencies. The framework is currently in use on the Accelerator Neutrino Neutron Interaction Experiment (ANNIE) in Fermilab and has been used to develop the DAQ for Hyper Kamiokande (Hyper-K) , whose implementations and use cases we will discuss, as well as many other places like stand-alone hardware and the intermediate water Cherenkov detector (E61) at J-PARC.
The Online DQM of BESIII
Authors: Ji Xiaobin , Xiao Yanjia , Lu Jiada , Li Fei
Published: September 2019

The BESIII is a general-purpose experiment for studying electron-positron collisions at BEPCII which is located at IHEP, Beijing, China. It works in the τ-charm region mainly. Several world’s largest samples in this region had been collected. The BESIII DQM is a lightweight online data quality monitoring (DQM) solution at BESIII. It uses the full offline reconstruction software to reconstruct a part of data for real-time monitoring the data quality. The document gives an overview of the BESIII DQM system, including the framework, main components and data flow. The DQM system separates online DAQ and offline software environment as much as possible and is easy to expand.
Status report on the architecture and future upgrades of the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter Control And Safety Systems
Authors: Di Calafiori Diogo , Dissertori Günther , Jimenez Estupiñàn Raul , Lustermann Werner , Zelepoukine Serguei
Published: September 2019

The Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL) is one of the particle detectors of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). For more than ten years, the CMS ECAL Detector Control System (DCS) and the CMS ECAL Safety Systems (ESS) have supported the experiment operation, contributing to its high availability and safety. The evolution of both systems to fulfil new requirements and constraints, in addition to optimizations towards improving usage and processes automation, led to several changes to their original design. This paper presents the current software/hardware architecture of both CMS ECAL control and safety systems and reviews the major changes applied to both systems during the past years. Furthermore, in view of the CMS Phase-II upgrade of this sub-detector, the corresponding plans for the control and safety systems are also discussed.
Alignment and Calibration of the Belle II Detector
Authors: Bilka Tadeáၡ , Chilikin Kirill , Dossett David , Guan Yinghui , Kandra Jakub , Kleinwort Claus , Sevior Martin
Published: September 2019

In spring 2018 the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider at High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK, Tsukuba, Japan) will deliver its first collisions to the Belle II experiment. The aim of Belle II is to collect a data sample 50 times larger than the previous generation of BFactories taking advantage of the unprecedented SuperKEKB design luminosity of 8×1035cm-2s-1. The Belle II detector will allow to conduct precise measurements in the harsh collider environment, probing for signs of physics beyond the standard model at the precision frontier.

In order to deliver data suitable for physics analysis, the detector has to be properly calibrated on a regular basis. Among other calibrations the detector alignment plays a key role. For example, precise measurements of time dependent CP-violation rely on the accurate alignment of the new vertex detector, as well as on the determination of the beamspot position and size. To automate the calibration procedures and manage the large amount of data and processing power needed for detector calibration, a software framework has been developed which allows to define the complete workflow and to execute it on a computing cluster. The framework integrates the Millepede II algorithm to solve the large minimization problem emerging in the track-based alignment and calibration of the pixel and strip detector, the central drift chamber, and the muon system.

The first collision data will allow to test and to further improve and tune the alignment and calibration procedures. Although the vertexing capabilities will be limited due to the installation of only a small slice of the full vertex detector, the commissioning phase will allow to test most of the alignment procedure features and to prepare for the full operation. We will present the results achieved during the first data taking, the experience gained and the plans for the first physics run with the full detector.
HDF5 and row-wise ntuple in analysis tools in Geant4 10.4
Authors: Barrand Guy , Hˇrivnácˇová Ivana
Published: September 2019

The analysis category was introduced in Geant4 release 9.5 to help users capture statistical data in the form of histograms and ntuples and store these in files in various formats. Up to release 10.3 the following formats had been introduced: csv, AIDA/XML and the binary ROOT file format. We present here the work done to handle, in Geant4 10.4, the binary HDF5 file format, a format/library widely used in other domains of science but quite ignored in HEP for the moment. Work has been done also to support the management of a single file in a multi-thread or MPI parallel environment for the ROOT format; we present the introduction of a row-wise way to manage paginated ntuples in order to restore an “event view” lost by our today column-wise implementation for this format.
Optimizing Frameworks’ Performance Using C++ Modules Aware ROOT
Authors: Takahashi Yuka , Vassilev Vassil , Shadura Oksana , Isemann Raphael
Published: September 2019

ROOT is a data analysis framework broadly used in and outside of High Energy Physics (HEP). Since HEP software frameworks always strive for performance improvements, ROOT was extended with experimental support of runtime C++ Modules. C++ Modules are designed to improve the performance of C++ code parsing. C++ Modules offers a promising way to improve ROOT’s runtime performance by saving the C++ header parsing time which happens during ROOT runtime. This paper presents the results and challenges of integrating C++ Modules into ROOT.
Upgrade of CMS Full Simulation for Run 2
Authors: Ivanchenko Vladimir , Banerjee Sunanda
Published: September 2019

We report on the status of the CMS full simulation software for Run 2 operations of the LHC. Initially, Geant4 10.0p02 was used and about 16 billion events were produced for analysis of 2015-2016 data. In 2017, the CMS detector was updated with a new tracking pixel detector, a modified hadronic calorimeter electronics, and extra muon detectors added. Corresponding modifications were introduced in the full simulation and Geant4 10.2p02 was adopted for 2017 simulation productions; that includes an improved Geant4 for multi-threaded mode, which became the default for 2017. For the 2018 Monte Carlo productions, the full simulation has been updated further. The new Geant4 version 10.4 is used, adopted for the production after detailed validations using test-beam and collision data. The results of validations will be described in details. Several aspects of the migration to Geant4 10.4 and modifications in CMSSW simulation software will be also discussed.
CMS event reconstruction status in Run 2
Authors: Perrotta Andrea
Published: September 2019

LHC Run2 began in April 2015 with the restart of the collisions in the CERN Large Hadron Collider. In the perspective of the offline event reconstruction, the most relevant detector updates appeared in 2017: the upgrade of the Pixel Detector, with the insertion of an additional layer closer to the beams, and the improved photodetectors and readout chips for the Endcap Hadron Calorimeter, which allow a finer longitudinal segmentation. The long shutdown between Run1 and Run2 was instrumental in the optimization of the reconstruction code and for the introduction of new algorithms to mitigate sensitivity to increased pileup, especially to out-of-time contribution with the advent of 25 ns separation between collisions compared to 50 ns in Run1. Such an optimization continued in the following years, when the reconstruction code of CMS evolved together with the improving of the performance of the LHC. The current status of the reconstruction software of the CMS experiment is described here, with emphasis on some of the recently integrated developments.
Belle II virtual reality projects
Authors: Bender Michael , Kuhr Thomas , Piilonen Leo
Published: September 2019

The Belle II experiment, based in Japan, is designed for the precise measurement of B- and charm-meson as well as τ-lepton decays and is intended to play an important role in the search for physics beyond the Standard Model. To visualize the collected data, amongst other things, virtual reality (VR) appli-cations are used within the collaboration. In addition to the already existing VR application which runs on a head-mounted display (HMD), an implementation for the cave automatic virtual environment (CAVE) has been created, where the CAVE is an immersive VR environment, in which projectors are directed to up to six walls of a room-sized cube. These VR applications allow for the inspection of the Belle II detector itself, as well as the illustration of GEANT4 simulated (and data) events of the electron-positron collisions occurring at the SuperKEKB collider. The VR implementations are not only limited to the use within the Belle II collaboration, but are a helpful tool in education and outreach activities.
Exploring GlideinWMS and HTCondor scalability frontiers for an expanding CMS Global Pool
Authors: Pérez-Calero Yzquierdo Antonio , Bockelman Brian Paul , Davila Foyo Diego , Hurtado Anampa Kenyi , Trendafilov Ivanov Todor , Aftab Khan Farrukh , Kotobi Amjad , Larson Krista , Letts James , Mascheroni Marco , Mason David
Published: September 2019

The CMS Submission Infrastructure Global Pool, built on Glidein-WMS andHTCondor, is a worldwide distributed dynamic pool responsible for the allocation of resources for all CMS computing workloads. Matching the continuously increasing demand for computing resources by CMS requires the anticipated assessment of its scalability limitations. In addition, the Global Plmust be able to expand in a more heterogeneous environment, in terms of resource provisioning (combining Grid, HPC and Cloud) and workload submissi.A dedicated testbed has been set up to simulate such conditions with the purpose of finding potential bottlenecks in the software or its configuration. This report provides a thorough description of the various scalabilitydimensions in size and complexity that are being explored for the future Global Pool, along with the analysis and solutions to the limitations proposed with the support of the GlideinWMS and HTCondor developer teams.
Improving efficiency of analysis jobs in CMS
Authors: Ivanov Todor Trendafilov , Belforte Stefano , Wolf Matthias , Mascheroni Marco , Yzquierdo Antonio Pérez-Calero , Letts James , Hernández José M. , Cristella Leonardo , Ciangottini Diego , Balcas Justas , Woodard Anna Elizabeth , Anampa Kenyi Hurtado , Bockelman Brian Paul , Foyo Diego Davila
Published: September 2019

Hundreds of physicists analyze data collected by the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider using the CMS Remote Analysis Builder and the CMS global pool to exploit the resources of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid. Efficient use of such an extensive and expensive resource is crucial. At the same time, the CMS collaboration is committed to minimizing time to insight for every scientist, by pushing for fewer possible access restrictions to the full data sample and supports the free choice of applications to run on the computing resources. Supporting such variety of workflows while preserving efficient resource usage poses special challenges. In this paper we report on three complementary approaches adopted in CMS to improve the scheduling efficiency of user analysis jobs: automatic job splitting, automated run time estimates and automated site selection for jobs.