bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INDISCRIMINATE COAGULATION TESTING FOR BLEEDING RISK ASSESSMENT PRIOR TO ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY. IS IT A RATIONAL APPROACH?
Authors:   National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi Pakistan, Ali Maria , Kumari Veena ,   Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi Pakistan, Mehmood Mehreen ,   Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi Pakistan, Mansoori Huma ,   Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi Pakistan, Ali Sidra Asad ,   The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra Australia, Harani Mahadev ,   Jinnah Medical & Dental College, Karachi Pakistan
Published: July 2022

Abstract Objective: Indiscriminative preoperative coagulation testing to identify patients at risk of bleeding is commonly practiced. However, this practice is no longer supported by current recommendations. We conducted this study with an aim to evaluate the advantage of doing screening testing for coagulation and hemostasis in unselected patients prior to elective orthopedic surgeries in our setting. Material and Methods: It was a retrospective, cross sectional study carried out at Medicare Cardiac and General Hospital, Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi. All the patients admitted for elective orthopedic bilateral total knee replacement and Hip replacement surgeries from March 2016 to December 2018 were included in the study. Electronic data of patients’ pre-operative test results for Prothrombin time, activated partial Thromboplastin time was retrieved. Frequency of patients with deranged coagulation screening was calculated. Results: A total of 367 patients underwent pre-surgical coagulation testing. Male to female ratio was 1:3. Median age of patients was 61±5 years. A total of 2.9% (n=11) patients were found to have deranged coagulation profile. Out of which 3 patients did not undergo surgery and were loss to follow up. Out of total 0.54% (n=2) patients had both prolonged PT and APTT, 1.6% (n=6) patients had prolonged APTT and 0.3% (n=1) patient experienced intraoperative bleeding requiring one unit of packed cell transfusion. Only 0.3% (n=1) patient experienced post-operative bleeding and dropped her Hemoglobin and received transfusion. Conclusion: The overall results of the study suggest that indiscriminate coagulation screening does not provide any additional information unless further detailed hemostatic evaluation is carried out. It is suggested that routine screening tests should not be performed unless a medical history is indicative of bleeding tendency. Key Words: Coagulation screening, Bleeding risk, Orthopedic surgery.
HIGH FLUORESCENCE LYMPHOCYTE COUNT AS AN EARLY PREDICTOR OF SEVERE THROMBOCYTOPENIA IN DENGUE INFECTION
Authors:   Chughtai Institute of Pathology, Lahore Pakistan, Imitiaz Isma , Minhas Aiman Mahmood ,   Chughtai Institute of Pathology, Lahore Pakistan, Fatima Mavra ,   Chughtai Institute of Pathology, Lahore Pakistan, Imran Ayisha ,   Chughtai Institute of Pathology, Lahore Pakistan, Malik Nauman Ahmed ,   Chughtai Institute of Pathology, Lahore Pakistan, Chughtai Akhtar Sohail ,   Chughtai Institute of Pathology, Lahore Pakistan
Published: July 2022

Objective: Dengue infection (DI) is the most common arthropod-borne viral disease with symptoms ranging from mild flu like illness to fatal hemorrhagic fever. Thrombocytopenia is one of the common manifestations of dengue which can lead to life threatening bleeding. Currently, there is no validated test available that can predict the severity of thrombocytopenia in a dengue patient. Dengue has been well associated with presence of high fluorescence lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. High fluorescence lymphocyte count (HFLC) is a parameter generated at no extra cost when an automated complete blood count (CBC) is performed on Sysmex XN-1000 automated hematology analyzer. We aim to assess the significance and correlation of the HFLC with thrombocytopenia during the course of dengue infection especially during day 1 to 5 of the infection. Material and Methods: This is a cross sectional study and was conducted at Chughtai Institute of Pathology from August 2021 to October 2021. Total 312 patients, both males and females, who had NS1 positive confirmed dengue infection were included in the study. Their platelet count and HFLC were noted at the time of diagnosis using Sysmex XN-1000. Follow up CBC were analyzed for next 5 days to observe the severity of thrombocytopenia. Results: There is significant negative correlation between absolute HFLC and platelet count on day one to five of the infection. On receiver operator characteristic curve analysis, we found that HFLC < 0.5 x103/µL had 60% sensitivity and 71.8% specificity for severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count less than 50 x 103/µL on day 5 of the infection. Conclusion: HFLC is a negative predictive factor for severe thrombocytopenia and therefore can be used as an early predictor of disease progression. Key Words: Dengue infection, NS1 antigen, High fluorescence lymphocyte count, Thrombocytopenia, Automated hematology analyzer.
FREQUENCY OF ABO BLOOD GROUP DISCREPANCIES AMONG PATIENTS AND DONORS: THEIR IDENTIFICATION AND RESOLUTION
Authors:   Chughtai Institute of Pathology, Lahore Pakistan, Qamar Ghazala , Imran Ayisha ,   Chughtai Institute of Pathology, Lahore Pakistan, Malik Nauman Ahmed ,   Chughtai Institute of Pathology, Lahore Pakistan, Chughtai Akhtar Suhail ,   Chughtai Institute of Pathology, Lahore Pakistan
Published: July 2022

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of common ABO discrepancies among patients and blood donors at Chughtai Institute of Pathology (CIP) and the measures taken to resolve them. Thus, enabling timely prevention of undesirable events during transfusion of blood components. Material and Methods: It was a Retrospective observational study analyzing disparity in routinely encountered ABO blood group tests at blood bank of Chughtai Institute of Pathology between Year July 2019 to June 2020. These were detected serologically in blood donors and patients, where discordant results of forward and reverse method of blood group or both were recorded and interpreted by agglutination viewer and microscopic analysis. Results: A total 20,401 blood groups were performed in blood bank of Chughtai Institute of Pathology, Lahore from the year July 2019 to June 2020. Both male and female patients were included for ABO blood group testing. The male to female ratio was 0.96:1 and age ranges from 6 months to 80 years. ABO blood group discrepancies were detected in 33 patients out of 20,401(0.161%). Most common type of discrepancy encountered was weaker reactions in forward group particularly A type blood group due to variable antigenic distribution on red cells Conclusion: It is essential to identify and resolve various blood group discrepancies to avoid acute hemolytic transfusion reactions. Key Words: ABO discrepancies, Forward group, Reverse group.
El agua: un recurso para el desarrollo
Authors:   Instituto Especializado de Profesionales de la Salud, Fagoaga Walter
Published: July 2022

En El Salvador, el tema del agua se ha convertido en un auténtico polvorín, sobre todo cuando se ostenta la sombra de la privatización del servicio, con la incursión de actores privados en las propuestas presentadas en el pleno legislativo para la creación de la ley y el ente rector, que ejecutará su funcionamiento y definiciones estratégicas.
Los retos de la docencia en El Salvador: una necesidad imperativa y un contexto hostil
Authors: Marroquín Idalia
Published: July 2022

El trabajo tuvo como objetivo mostrar algunas de las características que debe poseer un docente para lograr su profesionalización, según Zabalza e Imbernón. La metodología tuvo un enfoque cualitativo. Dentro de los métodos utilizados se encuentran la revisión documental y la observación de la realidad educativa en la que vive un profesor salvadoreño. Los resultados demostraron las cualidades que debe tener un profesor universitario, quien no solo debe formar profesionales, sino también investigar y participar en proyectos sociales. Se concluye que, generalmente, se ve al docente y al personal de la institución educativa como los encargados de mejorar la educación, sin tenerse en cuenta la influencia que ejerce el contexto en el cual se deben llevar a cabo estas transformaciones.
Gobierno abierto en la prestación de servicios de salud pública
Authors:   Universidad de El Salvador, Zometa Bolaños Manuel Vicente
Published: July 2022

La prestación de servicios públicos, desde la filosofía del gobierno abierto, abre un nuevo campo de acción para que, tanto los funcionarios del sector de la salud como los usuarios del servicio, puedan identificar los fenómenos comunes y contribuir a su solución, basados en la información que son capaces de aportar. Una propuesta bien implementada en el gobierno, actualmente tendría un alto impacto en la manera en la que se administran muchos de los servicios.
El desarrollo sostenible y sustentable, una reflexión desde el ámbito de la educación superior
Authors: Fagoaga Walter
Published: July 2022

Recientemente, la Organización de las Naciones Unidas, ha promulgado la “agenda del desarrollo sostenible 2030”, bajo una concepción holística desde diversos ámbitos, adentrándose a un amplio debate sobre el desarrollo y sus implicaciones, más allá de una visión meramente vinculada al crecimiento económico.
Why the Jury in Pell v The Queen Must Have Had a Doubt and the High Court was Right to Quash the Guilty Verdicts
Authors: Hemming Andrew
Published: July 2022

In the aftermath of the High Court’s decision in Pell v The Queen to quash the guilty verdicts and enter verdicts of acquittal in their place, there has been considerable public discussion and academic commentary on the respective roles of the jury and appellate courts, with particular focus on the jury as the tribunal of fact. Pell v The Queen was a high-profile case involving sexual assault charges against a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, when just a year earlier the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse had published its final report which was dominated by abuses perpetrated in the Roman Catholic Church. This article considers the test for the unreasonableness ground of appeal set out by the High Court in M v The Queen, which is reflected in s 276(1)(a) of the Criminal Procedure Act 2009 (Vic), whether ‘upon the whole of the evidence it was open to the jury to be satisfied beyond reasonable doubt that the accused was guilty’; and concludes that the High Court was correct to adopt Weinberg JA’s dissenting judgment in the Victorian Court of Appeal which in the author’s view was compelling.
Ética frente a la discriminación contra la mujer en el ambiente laboral en el Ecuador
Authors: Herrera-Sánchez Maybelline Jaqueline , Olmedo Jumbo Geovely Jaritza , Quezada Valarezo Yeska Dayana , Rivas Bravo Andrea Lisbeth
Published: July 2022

La discriminación en el Ecuador es una lucha constante debido a que hoy en día se palpa una gran discriminación y exclusión al grupo feminista, inclusive en las organizaciones se consta la existencia de barreras que las mujeres deben soportar a comparación de trabajadores masculinos en el ambiente de trabajo. El objetivo de la investigación es conocer cuál es el impacto que tiene la ética sobre la discriminación de la mujer dentro de las empresas del Ecuador. La metodología se utiliza un enfoque descriptivo, usando información documentada por varias fuentes teóricas como lo es el medio de estadístico INEC-ENEMDU para brindar un respaldo a los argumentos presentados. En los resultados de los análisis estadísticos se demostró la existencia de desigualdades en cuanto a las cifras, debido a las altas tasas de desempleo por parte de género femenino. Respecto al apartado de discusión se evidencian fuentes teóricas abarcando los problemas de discriminación en el ámbito laboral que aún persisten para ambos sexos, pero en mayor proporción para las mujeres debido a distintos factores. Finalmente se concluye que a pesar de las leyes que se rigen en la constitución del Ecuador, no se ha logrado eliminar de forma completa la discriminación existente contra las mujeres en el ámbito laboral, esto se ha visto como una gran desventaja para muchas profesionales que deberían ser remuneradas de forma correcta como lo estipulan las leyes.
Impact of Marketing, Managerial and Human Resource Activities on the Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors:   KINFORMS/KAABA, Khan Muhammad Asif , Pinglu Professor Chen
Published: July 2022

This paper is to investigate the relationship between managerial activities, marketing activities, human resource activities, and small and medium enterprises (SMEs) performance. In this study, the cross-sectional research design was used, and data was collected from 362 SMEs located in Pakistan by using a questionnaire and analyzed thorough statistical package for social analysis (SPSS). Correlation analysis was used to show the association between variables under investigation. Regression analysis was adopted to establish the relationship between managerial activities, marketing activities, human resource activities, and small and medium enterprise (SMEs) performance. The results demonstrated that all the variables are positively correlated with each other understudy. The results indicated that managerial activities, marketing activities, and human resource activities have a positive association with SME's performance. The results also demonstrated that marketing activities have the most active association with firm performance, among other variables.
Mucinous Adenocarcinoma Arising from Chronic Perianal Fistula - A Case report
Authors:   Hospital Selayang, Selangor, Malaysia., Kanthasamy Senthil Vasan , Fitzgerald Henry ,   Hospital Selayang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Published: July 2022

Mucinous adenocarcinoma arising from chronic perianal fistula in ano is a rare entity [1]. It is often mismanaged as benign disease due to its presentation. At present no guidelines have been established concerning diagnostic and treatment strategies due to the rarity of the tumour [2].A high index of clinical suspicion and biopsy of fistulous tracts and abscesses are key to early diagnosis and prompt treatment. We present a case of a 45 years old gentleman who initially presented with history of chronic perianal fistula for 3 years. Several biopsies from the fistulous tract, perianal skin opening and sigmoidoscopy biopsy were suggestive of benign nature of the disease. In view of high index of clinical suspicion and the nonhealing nature of the fistula tract, he underwent abdominal perineal resection with pediculated gracilis myocutaneous flap. The final histopathology report confirmed perianal mucinous adenocarcinoma.
Bilateral Staged Ureteral Stenosis Secondary to Wegener’s Disease: A Case report
Authors:   Department of urology, CHU mongi Slim la Marsa,Tunis, Tunisie., Mejri Ramzi , Rhouma Sami Ben ,   Department of urology, hospital La Rabta, Tunis, Tunisie, Nouira Yassine ,   Department of urology, hospital La Rabta, Tunis, Tunisie
Published: July 2022

Wegener's disease is a rare vasculitis characterized by inflammation of the endometrium of blood vessels. Ureteral stenosis is a rare manifestation of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Wegener's granulomatosis). We report the case of a 38-year-old woman with acute renal failure in which bilateral hydronephrosis due to staged ureteral stenosis was the second manifestation of the disease after necrotico-inflammatory skin lesions. Our patient had high titers of anti-proteinase 3 c-ANCA, but no upper or lower respiratory tract damage was demonstrated. Hydronephrosis and renal function improved rapidly under immunosuppressive therapy with high dose of corticosteroids. We reviewed the literature and found only ten other reported cases of Wegener's granulomatosis and intrinsic ureteral stenosis: in two cases the presenting clinical manifestation was unilateral hydronephrosis and in only three others bilateral hydronephrosis. All of these complications have developed on disease relapse except in one case where the first manifestation of vasculitis is bilateral ureteral stenosis. This case highlights the importance of including ANCA-related vasculitis in the differential diagnosis of unusual cases of unilateral or bilateral ureteral stenosis.
Penggunaan Tayangan Video Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Pada Massa Pandemic Covid 19 di Madrasah Aliyah Persiapan Negeri Besitang
Authors: Wahyu Ziaulhaq
Published: July 2022

This study describes the use of video shows as a medium of learning for the mass of the COVID-19 pandemic at Madrasah Aliyah, the preparation of the state of Besitang. The purpose of this research is to educate readers that during the COVID-19 pandemic, learning activities are not carried out face-to-face but use video shows to break the chain of transmission of Covid 19, then the video shows are watched by students at home and students are given assignments by the teacher. The research method used is qualitative. The approach used is an anthropological and sociological approach. Data collection techniques are through observation and unstructured interviews, after the data is obtained, the data is analyzed scientifically. The results of the research that have been found indicate that first, video shows are the right media to be used as a source of teaching materials for the masses of covid 19 so that students can study at home through the video. Second, video shows are packaged in language that is easily understood by students with a duration of around thirty minutes. Third, video shows are packaged with an attractive display that contains teaching material content.
Pengaruh Dividend Yield, Earnings Per Share dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Return Saham Perusahaan Farmasi yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) Tahun 2016 - 2020
Authors: Lukman Hakim Rachmawan  , Haryati Setyorini
Published: July 2022

This study aims to examine how the effect of dividend yield, earnings per share, and profitability as proxied by return on assets on stock returns of pharmaceutical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sample used in this study were 8 pharmaceutical companies that have been listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2016 – 2020 with the sample selection method using the purposive sampling method. The data used are the company's annual financial statements that have been published on IDX and the data analysis technique is multiple linear regression analysis using the SPSS 16. The results show that simultaneously dividend yield, earnings per share and return on assets have a significant effect on stock returns, partially dividends yield has a significant negative effect on returns, Earnings per Share has a significant positive effect on stock returns, and Return on Assets has a significant positive effect on stock returns.
Pelaksanaan Bimbingan Penyuluh Agama Islam Terhadap Calon Pengantin Guna Mewujudkan Keluarga Sakinah di Kecamatan Bendahara Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang
Authors: Kahar Muzakir
Published: July 2022

This article describes the implementation of the guidance of Islamic religious educators to prospective brides in order to create a sakinah family in the Bendahara sub-district, Aceh Tamiang Regency, the purpose of writing this article is as an education for readers and Islamic religious educators to conduct a thorough evaluation so that the implementation of guidance to prospective brides the following day can be carried out. more optimally. The type of writing this article is a qualitative service that seeks to describe and describe a sincere and sincere service to the community that has been carried out and then described in a structured manner by following the rules of writing scientific papers that apply. From the results of writing this article, it is found that: First, the implementation of guidance for the bride and groom which emphasizes the character, moral and mental development of the prospective bride and groom. Second, the guidance material for the bride and groom is the rights and obligations of husband and wife, the challenges of domestic life in the future and reducing conflicts in the household. Third, marriage guidance for the bride and groom using humanist and persuasive language
Producing “Idolatry:” Indigenous Knowledge Production via Colonial Investigations into Animism, Luzon, 1679–1687
Authors:   University of the Philippines, Sy Nicholas Michael
Published: July 2022

The existing historiography primarily discusses the early Philippine experience of Roman Catholic conversion in terms of (a) conversion’s success or failure, or (b) local resistance against colonial hegemony. This article, meanwhile, approaches the confrontation generated by conversion as a process of colonial knowledge production. The concept of “idolatry” was central to this confrontation. I ask: in what ways did indigenous agents help create this concept as it was used locally? This essay examines two late-seventeenth century missionary investigations into indigenous animism. They took place in and around Bolinao, Pangasinan and Santo Tomas, Batangas, both communities in the northern Philippine island of Luzon. Together, these investigations generated interviews with indigenous respondents, whose transcriptions are housed at the Archivo General de Indias in Seville, Spain. Initially, neither the missionaries nor the missionized had a clear idea of what local words, actions, and objects counted as “idolatrous.” Indigenous agents constructed generalizations about their religious beliefs to advance their own interests, to protect themselves from persecution, and to understand indigenous deities within their increasingly colonial reality. The indigenous were not passive gatherers of raw data for missionary ethnographers. They were, in their own right, producers of colonial knowledge.
La Presa de Campana: Constructing the Narrative of a Dominican Legacy in Calamba, Laguna
Authors:   University of Santo Tomas, Sembrano Edgar Allan
Published: July 2022

In Spanish colonial Philippines, a number of structures were constructed for various purposes such as churches, cemeteries, bridges, watchtowers, fortifications, and lighthouses but little is known about the religious contributions to engineering and irrigation. This paper proposes a contribution to knowledge in this field, particularly water engineering as literature on dams and irrigation systems is scant. This attempts to construct the history and heritage of the Campana Dam in Calamba, Laguna using available archival documents from the Archivo de la Universidad de Santo Tomas (AUST). These documents have to be mined for information that would shed light on this forgotten but equally important aspect of Spanish era infrastructure. The stories that will be culled from the documents are significant particularly on how we view the other structures the Regulars built during that time apart from the usual religious edifices.
Extant Artifacts from the First One Hundred Fifty Years of the Dominicans in the Philippines (1587-1750)
Authors:   University of Santo Tomas, Trota José Regalado
Published: July 2022

In commemorating anniversaries of institutions, it is always good to recognize the tangible aspects that were produced by these institutions. The objects or buildings award a certain rootedness of an institution in the place it has worked in. Thus, the present study was made in line with the 50th anniversary of the Dominican Province of the Philippines and the 500th anniversary of the coming of Christianity to the Philippines. The compiling of examples for this article was done chiefly by sifting through historic accounts, whether archival or published, and the correlation of the data with the succession of parish priests; with the appearance—and disappearance—of the mission from the Acts of the Dominican chapters; and with the extant artworks themselves or their context within edifices. In most cases, the times of manufacture can only be gauged in numbers of decades, being framed within the building of a church that could continue from one century to the next. Artifacts that are confidently dated, such as the the Binalatoca bell of Camalaniugan (1595), or the ivory pieces in Salamanca (1686), are valuable benchmarks.
The Dominican Influence in the Philippines in Terms of Marian Piety: Yesterday, Today and Beyond the 500 Years of Christianity
Authors:   University of Santo Tomas, Mactal, O.P. Roland
Published: July 2022

This research paper revolves around the influence of the Dominicans in the Philippines in terms of Marian devotions. It discusses the rich Marian pious exercises that originated from the Dominican Order also known as the Order of Preachers. These practices were handed down by the Dominican missionaries since 1587. One of the charisms of the Dominicans is the propagation of the Holy Rosary. This pious exercise was highlighted through its history and connectedness to the Friars Preachers and how it helped in the evangelization of the missionaries. The establishment of Marian shrines has been one of the legacies of the Dominican missionaries specially in the northern part of the archipelago which up to now are still in existence. The shrines of Our Lady of the Rosary, La Naval de Manila and the Shrine of Our Lady of the Rosary Manaoag, Pangasinan, are two notable sanctuaries dedicated to the promotion of the Holy Rosary. These Marian liturgical and devotional practices followed the principles of Vatican II’s Chapter Eight of Lumen Gentium and the Marialis Cultus of St. Pope Paul VI. Finally in the last part of the article, it discusses how the Dominicans adopted to the “new normal” of promoting Marian devotions through online means and the use of social media platforms. While at the same time remaining faithful and rooted in the principles set by the Directory on Popular Piety and Liturgy.
Mary, Mother of the Light and Salvation
Authors:   University of Santo Tomas, Alaurin, OP Edgardo
Published: July 2022

The psalm is very definitive about the Lord being our Light and Salvation, which is a proclamation of faith, trust, and confidence of one who relies in God’s unwavering protection and providence. In His public ministry, Jesus openly proclaimed: I am the Light of the world, he who follows me will never walk in darkness! ( Jn 8:12). St. Paul also affirmed that, our hopes are fixed on the living God who is the savior of all men (1 Tim 4:10) and, there is but one God and one mediator of God and men, the man Christ Jesus (1 Tim 2:5-6). This article relates to Mary as the Mother of Light and Salvation and in particular, her image as the light and salvation in the life of Christians, which earned her the titles: Nuestra Señora de la Luz and Nuestra Señora de Salvacíon. Questions were raised before when the Church referred to Mary as the co-Redemptrix and Mediatrix between God and men that were misunderstood and greatly taken out of context. In this regard, how does Mary appear to be the “light and salvation” without prejudice to the dogma of faith that Jesus is the one Savior and Light of the world? This article will revive the traditional Marian titles in line with renewed evangelization, that is, a renewed Mariology in line with her Son’s redemptive work.
Synergistic activity of lemongrass and sesame oils on spinosad: A new approach to control the peach fruit fly; Bactrocera zonata (Saunders, 1841), referring to their effect on the adult biological and protein aspects
Authors: Negm Amira Ahmed Kamel Hassan , Elsayed Doaa Ahmed Elsayed , El Shafei Akila Mohamed , Mosallam Ahmed Mahmoud Zaki , Maamoun Shireen Ahmed Mahmoud
Published: July 2022

The peach fruit fly Bactrocera zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae), is considered a major destructive pest for fruits and some vegetables. Toxicity of Spinosad mixtures with each lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf) and sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) oils were evaluated against Bactocera zonata (Saunders, 1841) adults in a lab by feeding method. The study proved that mixing LC25 of spinosad with LC25 of the plant oils showed a high percentage of mortalities than using each compound individually. The mixture of spinosad with each lemongrass and sesame oil strongly affected the longevity of males (39.66 and 35.66 days) and females (54.33 and 53.33 days), respectively. Also treating insects with the tested mixtures adversely affected the egg numbers(28.7, 21.3), hatchability (46.66 and 33.33) of the deposited eggs, percentage of pupation (29.0 and 42.0), and percentage of adult emergence (20.33 and 36.66). Fractionation of proteins by SDS-PAGE showed that some protein bands were missed or expressed under stress of the spinosad, lemon grass, sesame oil and their mixtures.
Polish adaptation of the Enabling Practices Scale
Authors: Gosztyła Tomasz , Grygiel Paweł , Lew-Koralewicz Aneta
Published: July 2022

The aim of this paper is to present the procedure of the Polish adaptation of Enabling Practices Scale (EPS) by I. Dempsey (1995) from the Newcastle University and to present the psychometric properties of the adapted tool (reliability, factor structure, external validity and measurement stability). The scale was developed as a tool for diagnosing the support and empowerment practices used by professionals for parents of children with intellectual disabilities, but it can also be used in research involving parents of children with other neurodevelopmental disorders. In the adaptation process, the following Polish name was adopted: Skala Praktyk Włączających. The research was conducted among 334 parents of children with the following neurodevelopmental disorders: autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, attention deficit disorder, specific learning disorders, communication disorders, motor disorders, and other developmental disorders. The statistical analyses performed confirmed the three-factor structure of the scale assumed by the author, the longitudinal scalar measurement invariance, the high level of stability (test-retest) and the internal conformity as well as the adequate external validity of the instrument.
Felix Movchanovsky (1853–1921) and his innovative approach to education of deaf children in the beginning of 20th century
Authors: Szewczenko Wołodimir
Published: July 2022

The article describes the history of a unique educational institution for deaf children established at the beginning of the 20th century in Aleksandrovsk (the Russian Empire at the time, today Zaporozhye, Ukraine) by the Polish nobleman Felix Movchanovsky. The author characterizes his figure, reveals the role and his contribution to the development of Aleksandrovsk, especially his activity for the sake of deaf children. In 1903 he was initiator and co-organizer of a unique educational institution – school-farm for deaf children. The institution was known all over the world because it was an autonomous town with its own urban infrastructure and the teaching of deaf language and crafts was carried out at a high level and on a large scale. At that time, no similar institution in the Russian Empire had such achievements.
Examining the Extent of the Application of the United Nations Convention on the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance in Nigeria
Authors: Ezeilo Joy , Ukwueze Festus , Nwoke Uchechukwu
Published: July 2022

The right of persons to be protected from enforced disappearance is an offshoot of the fundamental right to personal liberty. The United Nations International Convention on the Protection of all Persons from Enforced Disappearance (ICPAPED) came into force on 23 December 2010. Nigeria proclaims her commitment to its spirit and has ratified the Convention but is yet to domesticate the same. This article examines the extent of the application of the Convention in Nigeria. It argues that state practices are far from complying with the letters and spirit of the Convention as various acts of enforced disappearance of persons occur in the country.  In this context, while pointing out concrete instances of state complicity in enforced disappearances, the paper highlights some of the recorded incidents of forced disappearances in the country committed by both state agents and non-state actors.  It identifies the challenges militating against the effective implementation of the Convention and concludes by offering suggestions on how its application can be made more effective in Nigeria.
Protection of Traditional Knowledge and its Relevance to National Economic Growth and Development in Nigeria
Authors: Ezedum Nneka
Published: July 2022

Nigeria is a country that is richly blessed with abundance of natural resources, good vegetation and fertile soil for cultivation. The country also has diverse ethnic groups, culture and customs. This way of life of the people can be perceived in the activities, traditions and customs that have been handed down to them by their forefathers. Overtime, communities expanded and there was influx of people to the different communities in the country. These people become exposed to this way of life and they benefit from it individually and collectively. This information or knowledge acquired is generally utilized by others without the local or indigenous communities benefitting in any form from their cultural heritage. It is general knowledge that intellectual property protects the activities of the intellect or mental faculty. Could this traditional knowledge (TK) of the people require protection under intellectual property? Would it not be appropriate that these people are recognized as the custodians of the TK? Their consent sought before usage, and benefits arising thereof be given to them on prior agreed terms. This will further strengthen the economic system of the society. Doctrinal research method was used in this work, and reliance was placed on both primary and secondary source of information as the work discussed the need for protection of traditional knowledge (TK), the progress made so far and the challenges to providing proper legal and institutional framework for protection of TK.
Contextualizing Paediatric Euthanasia within the Framework of Children’s Right
Authors: Njoku Nduka
Published: July 2022

Given the universal recognition of the sanctity of human life and the robust protection of fundamental right to life as the most important and foundation of all rights, euthanasia poses considerable legal, moral and ethical challenges. These challenges become more dire and profound with respect to paediatric euthanasia. The article aims at providing insight into the complex legal and ethical challenges which euthanasia especially paediatric euthanasia engenders and explores the import of autonomy rights granted under the rubric of the Child Rights Convention in ameliorating the challenges. This is achieved by examining the meaning and nature of euthanasia, categories and arguments in favour and against euthanasia generally and in particular paediatric euthanasia and the competency of a child in taking end of life decisions. The articles analysis some of the provisions of the Belgian and Netherlands euthanasia laws. The paper believes that given the gravity associated with the decision to request euthanasia and the finality of such a decision, children, especially younger children, should be offered intensive palliative care and be precluded from requesting euthanasia.
What We Talk About When We Talk About Troponin: A Descriptive Study of Troponin Terms
Authors: Lang William R. , Cahill Kate E. , Wark Tyler W. , Gardner Rebekah L.
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Elevated serum troponin values, regardless of cause, are associated with increased short-term and long-term mortality. The objective of this study was to describe and quantify use of troponin-related terms in hospital discharge summaries.

Study Design

Retrospective chart review.

Methods

We included patients admitted to the medical service of three Rhode Island hospitals in 2018. Patients had to have two or more troponin measurements, including at least one elevated value, as well as a rise-and-fall pattern. We reviewed text from three sections in the discharge summary—the problem list, hospital course, and attending attestation—to identify terms referring to troponin. We double-coded 10% of the sample to assess inter-rater reliability. Troponin terms were grouped by whether they referenced an abnormal level, as well as by the etiology of the elevation. Descriptive statistics were used.

Results

257 patients were included; 66% of their discharge summaries had a troponin descriptor. We identified 19 unique troponin terms: three of these terms implied a normal troponin level (e.g., “flat troponin”), seven described an abnormal elevation without specifically referencing myocardial injury as the etiology (e.g., “troponin bump”), and the rest referenced ischemia or infarction (e.g., “NSTEMI”). Over one-third (34%) of the records had no troponin terms in the discharge summary, despite those patients having at least one abnormal troponin level during their hospitalization.

Conclusions

We found that clinicians used a wide variety of terms to describe troponin elevations in their discharge summaries, including minimizing language and potentially conflicting terms; a third of discharge summaries omitted any mention of the abnormal troponin value. More precise language may facilitate appropriate evaluation and management of these higher risk patients after hospital discharge.
Analisis Faktor Yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Kepatuhan Diet Pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Dr. R Soeharsono Banjarmasin
Authors: Widyarni Ari , Setiandari L. O Elsi
Published: July 2022

Diabetes Mellitus disebabkan oleh hormon insulin penderita yang tidak mencukupi atau tidak efektif sehingga tidak dapat beker-ja secara normal. Insulin mempunyai peran utama mengatur kadar glukosa di dalam darah, yaitu (pada orang normal) sekitar 60-120 mg/dl waktu puasa, dan di bawah 140 mg/dl pada dua jam sesudah makan. Penderita Diabetes Mellitus akan melonjak dua kali lipat setiap tahunnya. Di Indonesia dari jumlah 5 juta pada tahun 2010 akan menjadi 10 juta pada tahun 2020. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survei analitik dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pasien Diabetes Mellitus sebanyak 40 orang. Pengambilan data penelitian menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur pada pasien Dia-betes Mellitus di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit DR. R. Soeharsono Banjarmasin. Analisis data ini menggunakan uji statistik Chi Square dengan bantuan komputerisasi nilai kemaknaan (a) 0,05. Hasil penelitian bahwa karakteristik umur responden seba-gian besar berkisar antara umur 36-50 tahun dan >50 tahun,, sebagian besar responden berjenis kelamin perempuan dan menurut diet Diabetes Mellitus responden sebagian besar responden diet 1900 kkal sebanyak 67,5%. Kategori kepatuhan diet Diabetes Mellitus responden sebagian besar tidak mematuhi konsumsi diet Diabetes Mellitus yang ditetapkan oleh Rumah Sakit, kategori tingkat pendidikan responden sebagian besar berpendidikan dasar yang terdiri dari lulusan SD dan SLTP, kategori tingkat penge-tahuan responden sebagian besar memiliki pengetahuan kurang dan kategori jenis pekerjaan responden sebagian besar responden bekerja baik sebagai PNS maupun swasta. Hasil analisis didapatkan bahwa ketiga variable (tingkat pendidikan, tingkat penge-tahuan dan pekerjaan) ada hubungan yang bermakna (signifikan) terhadap kepatuhan diet pada pasien Diabetes Mellitus di ruang rawat inap Rumah Sakit DR. R. Soeharsono Banjarmasin, dengan kekuatan hubungan ketiga variabel sangat kuat. Disarankan bagi peneliti selanjutnya, dapat dijadikan sebagai data dasar dan diharapkan dapat meneliti dengan menggunakan variabel lain dan metode penelitian yang berbeda.
Analisis Implementasi Kebijakan Case Mix INA-CBG’S (Indonesian Case Base Groups) Berdasarkan Permenkes NO. 59 Tahun 2014 Di Rumah Sakit Pabatu Kabupaten Serdang Bedagi
Authors: Hafiz Muhammad , P. Nadapdap Thomson , Muhammad Iman
Published: July 2022

Kebijakan pemerintah menetapkan standar tarif layanan kesehatan dalam pelaksanaan program asuransi kesehatan melalui Permenkes No. 59 tahun 2014 dianggap merugikan rumah sakit, karena perhitungan biaya didasarkan pada tingkat Case Mix INA-CBG. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis implementasi kebijakan Case Mix INA-CBG berdasarkan Permenkes No. 59 tahun 2014. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Penelitian ini dil-akukan di Rumah Sakit Pabatu. Informan penelitian sebanyak 9 orang yang terdiri dari. Analisis data kualitatif dengan tahapan reduksi data, tampilan data, dan penarikan kesimpulan atau verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program Kesehatan BPJS secara keseluruhan baik dalam pandangan sistem reguler, lebih menguntungkan masyarakat (pasien) karena layanan murah (gratis). Penerapan kebijakan tarif campuran kasus INA-CBGs berdasarkan Permenkes No. 59 tahun 2014 menyebabkan Rumah Sakit Pabatu menderita kerugian. Penentuan tarif untuk dokter / dokter spesialis di Rumah Sakit Pabatu berdasarkan persetujuan direktur dengan dokter spesialis. Pendanaan operasional Rumah Sakit Pabatu melalui Top Up didasarkan pada perbedaan antara tarif Rumah Sakit Pabatu dan Case Mix INA-CBGs. Rumah Sakit Pabatu mengklaim pembayaran melalui verifikasi BPJS Kesehatan. Saat ini ada tunggakan pembayaran selama 2 bulan oleh BPJS Kesehatan. Layanan untuk pasien BPJS Kesehatan adalah sama antara pasien umum dan pasien BPJS Kesehatan, perbedaannya hanya pada fasilitas yang digunakan. Keuntungan dari Rumah Sakit Pabatu bekerja sama dengan BPJS Kesehatan dapat mendukung program pemerintah dalam menyediakan layanan kesehatan kepada masyarakat. Kendala / hambatan bekerja sama dengan BPJS Kesehatan adalah laba dari rumah sakit menjadi kerugian yang kadang kala berkurang, keterlambatan pembayaran klaim, SDM rumah sakit kurang mengikuti perubahan peraturan BPJS. Direkomendasikan bahwa Rumah Sakit Pabatu menemukan sumber pendapatan lain, termasuk pelatihan untuk sumber daya manusia, meningkatkan kesejahteraan dokter.
Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Perilaku Ibu Menyusui Pasca Operasi Caesar Di Rsud Gayo Lues Tahun 2019
Authors: Hanafi Irwan , Badiran Muhammad , Muhammad Iman
Published: July 2022

Pemberian ASI eksklusif dimulai persiapannya sejak janin masih dalam kandungan ibunya. Hal ini sangat mendasar karena kualitas kesehatan ibu dan janin dalam kandungan akan sangat menentukan kualitas pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bayi selanjutnya. Menurut hasil Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI), didapati jumlah pemberian ASI eksklusif pada bayi di bawah usia 2 (dua) bulan hanya mencakup 64 % dari total bayi yang ada. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi faktor yang mempengaruhi prilaku ibu menyusui pasca operasi caesar di RSUD Gayo Lues Tahun 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis kuantitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan desain Cross Sectional. Populasi adalah seluruh ibu yang melakukan opersai caesar di RSUD Gayo Lues periode bulan Januari sampai Maret sebanyak 67 responden. Tehnik yang digunakan adalah Total Sampling yaitu sebanyak 67 responden. Pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan data primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Analisis data dengan analisis univariat, bivariat (uji Chi Square), multivariat (Regresi Logistik Berganda). Hasil penelitian menun-jukkan bahwa variabel promosi susu formula mayoritas mendukung sebanyak 56 responden (83,6%) sig 0,001 dan OR 126,237, dukungan tenaga kesehatan mayoritas mendukung sebanyak 48 responden (71,6%) sign 0,015, Kes-impulan variabel paling dominan yang mempengaruhi prilaku ibu menyusui pasca operasi caesar adalah promosi susu formula. Bagi pemerintah daerah maupun pemerintah pusat diharapkan adanya kebijakan demi terciptanya tujuan utama dalam pencapaian target dalam menyususi secara eksklusif, terutama mengenai peredaran susu formula yang sudah menjadi hal biasa beredar dilingkungan tenaga kesehatan maupun lingkungan masyarakat.
Analisis Pelaksanaan Rujukan Pasien Rawat Jalan Tingkat Pertama Peserta BPJS Kesehatan DI Puskesmas Padangmatinggi Kota Padangsidimpuan
Authors: Andiaswaty Heni , Nyorong Mappeaty , J. Hadi Anto
Published: July 2022

Sistem rujukan merupakan pelayanan kesehatan yang mengatur pelimpahan tugas dan tanggung jawab pelayanan kesehatan secara timbal balik baik vertikal maupun horizontal. Tingginya angka rujukan non-spesialistik di Pusk-esmas Padangmatinggi pada tahun 2018 sebesar 663 (6,17%) bertolak belakang dengan program JKN yang seha-rusnya mampu memaksimalkan fungsi puskesmas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis proses pelaksa-naan program rujukan rawat jalan tingkat pertama di puskesmas Padangmatinggi kota Padangsidimpuan Tahun 2019. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualItatif yang dilakukan diwilayah kerja Puskesmas Padangmatinggi dengan menggunakan metode wawancara mendalam, dan observasi kepada kepala Pusk-esmas Padangmatinggi, pegawai tata usaha, dokter umum, dokter gigi, bidan, perawat, pengelola obat, dan pasien BPJS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Puskesmas Padangmatinggi dalam memberikan pelayanan kesehatan seperti pelaksanaan rujukan dalam era JKN masih belum sesuai dengan standar yang telah ditetapkan, sehingga mempengaruhi tingginya angka rujukan. Fasilitas sarana kesehatan belum memadai dan belum sesuai dengan Kom-pedium Alat Kesehatan, serta jenis dan jumlah obat yang masih belum terpenuhi dan belum sesuai dengan standar daftar obat dalam Formularium Nasional. Pengetahuan pasien tentang konsep gatekeeper juga masih kurang. Ber-dasarkan hasil penelitian diharapkan Puskesmas Padangmatinggi dapat menjalankan rujukan sesuai dengan prosedur, memberikan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat tentang JKN khususnya sistem rujukan berjenjang dan tentang konsep gatekeeper, dan mengevaluasi kembali perencanaan obat. Dinas Kesehatan Kota Padangsidimpuan juga diharapkan bekerja sama dengan puskesmas dalam melengkapi fasilitas alat kesehatan dan juga obat-obatan.
Analisis Survival Sstroke Berulang Menurut Umur Dan Jenis Kelamin Pasien Stroke Di Kota Makassar
Authors: Nurlan Fausiah
Published: July 2022

Salah satu yang menyumbang tingginya kematian stroke adalah stroke berulang. Persentase kematian akibat stroke berulang jauh lebih tinggi bila dibandingka dengan stroke serangan pertama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat proporsi survival stroke berulang menurut umur dan jenis kelamin pada pasien stroke di Kota Makassar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasional analitik dengan rancangan cohort retrospektif serta menggunakan analisis Kaplan Meier untuk melihat proporsi survival pada setiap varaiabel penelitian. Sampel penelitian adalah pasien stroke serangan pertama yang berjumlah 106 patient. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelompok umur ≥ 54 ta-hun stroke berulang terjadi sampai pada bulan ke 25 dengan proporsi survival kumulatif sebesar 52.6% sedangkan pada kelompok umur < 54 tahun stroke berulang terjadi sampai pada bulan ke 27 dengan proporsi survival kumulatif sebesar 82.5%. Untuk jenis kelamin, pada pasien laki-laki terjadi sampai pada bulan ke 27 dengan proporsi survival kumulatif sebesar 53.5% sedangkan pada pasien perempuan stroke berulang terjadi sampai pada bulan ke 21 dengan proporsi survival kumulatif sebesar 67.1% . Hasil uji long rank menujukkan hubungan umur pasien dengan kejadian stroke berulang sedangkan pada jenis kelamin tidak menujukkan hasil signifkan. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh umur berhubungan terhadap kejadian stroke berulang.