bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Decision on the Surrender/Extradition of Own Nationals, EU-Citizens and Persons Residing in the Executing State
Authors: Maffei Stefano
Published: April 2022

The present report was drafted for the IV Working Group that was engaged on the very current topic of the decision on the surrender/extradition to third (non-EU) States of own nationals, EU citizens and persons residing in the execution State. This report covers a few preliminary matters to introduce the topic of nationality bars in extradition law and sets out the newly born and rather unique concept of a ‘EU nationality’ bar in case of outward extradition. A number of theoretical and practical considerations are then offered to expose the strengths and weaknesses of the ground-breaking Petruhhin scheme. A number of recent developments in EU law in case of outward extraditions are also briefly reviewed. The discussions and results of the activities of the IV Working group are reported in a separate paper.
CCD PHOTOMETRY, PERIOD ANALYSIS AND EVOLUTIONARY STATUS OF THE PULSATING VARIABLE TYC 3292-1328-1
Authors: Alton Kevin B.
Published: April 2022

Multi-color (BVIc) CCD-derived photometric data were acquired from TYC 3292-1328-1, a pulsating variable classified as a high amplitude δ Scuti-type (HADS) system. Analysis of precise time-series lightcurve (LC) data was accomplished using discrete Fourier transformation which revealed a mean fundamental mode (f0) of oscillation at 10.20831±0.00027 d-1 along with five other partial harmonics (2f0 and 6f0). No other statistically significant frequency shared by all bandpasses was resolved following successive pre-whitening of each residual signal. While no other times-of-maximum were found in the literature, 26 new ToMx values are reported herein. The evolutionary status, age and physical nature of TYC 3292-1328-1 were modeled using the PAdova & TRieste Stellar Evolution Code (PARSEC) for generating stellar tracks and isochrones. At this time, all available results for TYC 3292-1328-1 are consistent with its classification as a HADS variable.
An overlooked case for a century: taxonomy and systematics of a new Iberian species of Eumerus Meigen, 1822 (Diptera, Syrphidae)
Authors: Aguado-Aranda Pablo , Ricarte Antonio , Nedelković Zorica , Marcos-García Ángeles
Published: April 2022

The hoverfly genus Eumerus Meigen, 1822 (Eristalinae: Merodontini) comprises 250+ described species, of which 36 are reported from the Iberian Peninsula. The high species diversity linked to the low degree of morphological differentiation between some species, which is even lower in females, leads to a high taxonomic complexity in this genus. The aim of this work is to confirm the morphological and molecular validity of an undescribed species of Eumerus, which is widespread in the Iberian Peninsula. The new species is described and compared with similar species. The genitalia of the new species are similar to those of Eumerus clavatus Becker, 1923 and Eumerus uncipes Rondani, 1850, but also share some features with Eumerus nudus Loew, 1848. The COI-5’ barcode is provided for the new taxon and analysed together with those of other named Eumerus sequences/species publicly available online. In the light of the morphology and barcoding data, the systematic position of the new species is discussed.
Assessing Changes in Animal Mobility and Activity Patterns During Early Stages of Domestication and Husbandry of Capra Tell Halula as a Case Study (Euphrates Valley, Syria)
Authors: Fors Roger Alcàntara , Fortuny Josep , Montaña Miquel Molist , Tornero Carlos , Seguí Mari Saña
Published: April 2022

Domestication implies a certain degree of human control over all aspects of animals’ life, including their ability to move freely. Consequently, domestic animals should experiment a significant reduction of their mobility regimes, such as range, duration, and intensity. Bone tissue is a plastic and alive material with the ability to remodel in response to me- chanical loading. In Tell Halula (7800–5200 cal BC) exploitation of Capra aegagrus and Capra hircus played a significant role from its earliest occupations. This study attempts to detect potential variations in cortical bone development using Computed Tomography scanning and cross-section analysis of Capra humeri in response to changes in their mobility regimes. Results support domestic specimens with loading patterns matching those of wild specimens together with loading patterns among the domestic group changing through the periods analyzed. Moments of inertia show antero- posterior and mediolateral loading differences between domestic and wild populations that may be indicative of mobility differences. Activity levels, evidenced by the relative amount of cortical bone and the polar moment of inertia, also seem to constitute a distinguishing marker of goat management strategies in the course of the archaeological sequence. The circularity index and the three different cross-sections documented also reinforce this hypothesis.
El retablo epigráfico-heráldico de la catedral de Baeza
Authors: De Santiago Fernández Javier , Menor Natal Elisabth
Published: April 2022

El principal objetivo del presente artículo es ofrecer un minucioso estudio del interesante retablo epigráfico-heráldico que se ubica en la torre de la Catedral de Baeza. Para ello se ha realizado un análisis de sus elementos externos, internos y funcionales, ofreciendo una edición rigurosa que presenta diversas variantes de lectura respecto a anteriores autores. Asimismo, se aportan cuatro inscripciones inéditas que están integradas en los escudos heráldicos que acompañan a las inscripciones. El análisis realizado ha permitido ofrecer una nueva hipótesis en relación con la procedencia del retablo, defendiendo su ubicación original y primigenia en una de las torres del antiguo alcázar.
La tierra plana en la Edad Media: un mito contemporáneo
Authors: Martín Prieto Pablo
Published: April 2022

El artículo aborda la noción según la cual en la Edad Media la idea de una tierra plana formaba parte esencial del paradigma cosmológico dominante. Tras examinar el origen y la transmisión de los principales argumentos que la ciencia antigua legó a los estudiosos medievales aportando indicios y pruebas de la forma (casi) esférica de la tierra, se presta asimismo atención a ciertos partidarios antiguos y medievales de modelos alternativos, para llegar a la conclusión de que a lo largo de la Edad Media el paradigma científico general incluía la noción de una tierra esférica. La creencia (errónea) según la cual la ciencia medieval se habría decantado por una tierra plana parece, así, pertenecer a la categoría de prejuicios mantenidos en época contemporánea contra la Edad Media en su conjunto.
Nuevo epitafio altomedieval encontrado en la excavación de Os Conventos (San Mamede de Vilachá, A Pobra do Brollón, Lugo)
Authors: Lorenzo Fernández Álvaro
Published: April 2022

Durante la campaña arqueológica llevada a cabo en 2020 en el promontorio de Os Conventos (San Mamede de Vilachá, A Pobra do Brollón, Lugo) se halló una laja de gneis con restos epigráficos. Fue identificada en lo alto de un muro, posiblemente reutilizada, y hasta el momento permanecía inédita. Este trabajo nace, por tanto, con el objetivo de estudiar la pieza, editar su texto y determinar la cronología y el contexto cultural en que fue incisa. Una vez finalizado el análisis, se propone que el epígrafe en cuestión se trate de un epitafio sepulcral cuya cronología puede situarse entre los siglos IX y X.
Fátima, hija del alcaide Avengarrón: sus propiedades en Cubillas y Granada, según documentos árabes romanceados inéditos (1465-1466)
Authors: Trillo San José Carmen
Published: April 2022

En este trabajo se presenta la edición y estudio de tres documentos árabes romanceados sobre el testamento de una mujer, Fátima, hija del alcaide Abilhageg Yusuf Avengarrón. Se trata, en primer lugar, de la institución de un legado para pobres (diciembre de 1465), seguido de una tasación de bienes (10 de febrero de 1466) y, finalmente, del propio testamento y reparto entre los herederos (24 de febrero de 1466). Estas escrituras están traducidas del árabe en 1564 por el licenciado morisco Alonso del Castillo. Forman parte de un conjunto de las propiedades adquiridas por el secretario real Fernando de Zafra, su esposa Leonor de Torres y otros miembros de su familia a diversos musulmanes a finales del siglo XV y principios del siglo XVI en la alquería de Cubillas (Granada). El análisis del texto permite dilucidar aspectos de la vida de las élites granadinas en la Vega de Granada y, en particular, de una mujer perteneciente a este grupo.
El miedo al falso testimonio en los procesos inquisitoriales del tribunal de Ciudad Real-Toledo (1483-1504)
Authors: Rábade Obradó María del Pilar
Published: April 2022

Este trabajo supone una primera aproximación a uno de los aspectos más controvertidos de la Inquisición, el anonimato que amparaba a los testigos, así como a sus principales consecuencias. Ese anonimato se consideraba lesivo para los intereses de los reos, que se quejaban de que provocaba falsos testimonios, de los que resultaba difícil defenderse. La Inquisición reconoció su existencia. Aunque mantuvo el anonimato de los testigos, estuvo dispuesta a arbitrar mecanismos, no suficientemente eficaces, para evitar que los falsos testimonios proliferaran. Por ese motivo, entre los encausados cundía el miedo al falso testimonio, reflejado de manera habitual en los procesos a que eran sometidos. Se trata de una buena muestra del uso de la «pedagogía del miedo» por la Inquisición.
Fish slaughter practices in Brazilian aquaculture and their consequences for animal welfare
Authors: Coelho MEG , Pedrazzani AS , Quintiliano MH , Bolfe F , Molento CFM
Published: April 2022

Slaughter is considered an important fish welfare issue. For a slaughter method to be considered humane, effective stunning that lasts until death as well as the reduction of pain and fear throughout all procedures are essential. Our objective was to investigate current techniques for slaughtering fish in Brazil. A digital questionnaire with six multiple-choice and three open questions was distributed to companies registered as fish slaughterhouses and to fish farms in 2019, addressing fish species, quantities processed and slaughter procedures adopted. From 62 facilities in 15 Brazilian states that answered the survey, nine slaughterhouses and 30 fish farms slaughtered fish, totalling 452 tonnes per day. All reported pre-slaughter stunning, and live chilling to be the most commonly cited method (82.0%), followed by electronarcosis (18.0%). Slaughtering techniques included exsanguination (38.5%) and decapitation (2.5%). For the remaining companies, no slaughter method was declared, suggesting death by asphyxiation or by further processing (59.0%). Twenty-nine companies adopted pre-slaughter fasting, lasting from 10 to 48 h. All sites worked with tilapia (100%) and 24 (82.7%) reported that they worked exclusively with this species. Other species reported were: pacu (25.6%), tambacu (17.9%), tambaqui and carp (15.3%), jundiá (12.8%), pintado and pirarucu (7.7%), matrinxã and pangassius (5.1%). Asphyxia and live chilling are not considered humane, as animals remain conscious and, thus, suffer. Results show that most establishments do not perform humane slaughter. This scenario highlights the urgent need for development and enforcement of humane fish slaughter techniques, with routine supervision and normative requirements.
Avian cognition and the implications for captive parrot welfare
Authors: Baukhagen HS Starenchak , Engell MD
Published: April 2022

Previously assumed to be unintelligent animals, many species of birds display high levels of cognition and may even possess conscious awareness. In particular, both corvids and parrots have been the focus of cognitive research including studies on problem-solving, social intelligence, and sentience. Despite their similar neural architecture and cognitive abilities, the laws regarding these two families of birds differ greatly. In the United States, it is illegal to keep corvids as pets. Parrots, however, are one of the most commonly kept pets in America, although their care in captivity remains largely unregulated. Captive parrots suffer from a number of medical and psychological issues and experience high rates of neglect and abandonment. At the same time, wild parrot populations are dwindling due both to habitat loss and capture for the pet trade. This review examines the novel findings on avian cognition and applies them to the potential ethical implications of keeping parrots in captivity. In addition, suggestions for future directions are presented, including the development of legislation to protect captive and wild parrots.
Årsberetninger 2021
Authors: Storgaard Anette
Published: April 2022

Ingen resumé
THE PANDEMIC: A SPOTLIGHT ON THE POTENTIALITY OF AND OBSTACLES TO HUMAN BECOMING
Authors: Æsøy Knut Ove , Namdar Kamran
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this paper is to reflect on how the Corona pandemic might influence human understanding of our position of being in the world. In the first part of the paper, we present how a pandemic can be understood in relation to our society and our educational system. Then, we will present problems and questions highlighted by the pandemic and the kind of transformations needed to address these problems. The core elements that require transformation are the understanding of the essence of man or the human condition, the understanding of what takes care of nature and even a pandemic, and how to measure human action and values.
The Effectiveness of Master Plans: Case Studies of Biologically Active Areas in Suburban Zones
Authors: Błasik Magdalena , Wang Tong , Kazak Jan
Published: April 2022

Sustainable development on a local scale requires well-functioning instruments in the spatial planning system. Any weakness in the planning system may result in forms of spatial development that are socially, environmentally or economically disadvantageous. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine whether master plans and land development monitoring in the Polish system are effective instruments in shaping sustainable spatial development. The factor analyzed was the share of a biologically active area and four villages located near a regional city were analyzed. Data from master plans, cadaster and orthophoto maps were used in this study. Verification of land use made it possible to evaluate whether the properties meet the provisions of spatial planning documents. In each of the analyzed villages, properties that do not meet the provisions of master plans were identified. In one of the villages, more than half of the properties had a smaller share of biologically active areas than permitted by the local law. The research also analyzed alternative scenarios of the potential impact of the application of permanent vegetation on sealed surfaces. These results showed that using green roofs, for example, can significantly reduce the problem of local laws being broken. The results quantitatively confirm that the provision of master plans in the Polish system are not effective tools in regulating land development.
Monitoring of Water Bodies and Non-vegetated Areas in Selenica – Albania with Sar and Optical Images
Authors: Belba Pietro , Kucaj Spartak , Thanas Jorgaq
Published: April 2022

The availability of Sentinel satellites for providing open data with optical and SAR imagery leads to better opportunities related to Earth surface mapping and monitoring. Recently, optical fusion with radar data has shown improvement in classification quality and the accuracy of information acquired. In this setting, the main objective of this research is to monitor the environmental impact of an open-pit mine on water, vegetation, and non-vegetation areas by exploring the single and combined use of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data. The data utilized in this paper were collected from the European Space Agency Copernicus program. After selecting the Selenica region, we explored the products in the Sentinel Application Platform. According to our data, Sentinel-2 misses the small water ponds but successfully identifies the river and open-pit areas. It mistakenly identifies urban structures and cloud areas as non-vegetated and does not identify non-vegetated areas which correspond to mining operation areas. Sentinel-1 identifies very small water ponds and delivers additional information in the cloudy areas, but misses a part of the river. Alongside the strong contribution in identifying the vegetation, it also roughly identifies the non-vegetation areas of mining operations.
Fungal Nails? DNA Facts Challenge Dystrophic Etiology
Authors: Pearce Beth , Bishop Stephanie C , Jones Curtis E , Kennedy John P
Published: April 2022

Historically recalcitrant to treatment, infection of the nail unit is a pervasive clinical condition affecting about 10%-20% of the U.S. population; patients present with both cosmetic symptomatology and pain, with subsequent dystrophic morphology. To date, the presumptive infectious etiologies include classically-reported fungal dermatophytes, non-dermatophyte molds, and yeasts. Until now, the prevalence and potential contribution of bacteria to the clinical course of dystrophic nails had been relatively overlooked, if not dismissed. Previously, diagnosis had been largely made via clinical presentation, although microscopic examinations (KOH) of nail scrapings to identify fungal agents, and more recently, panel-specific PCR assays have been employed to elucidate causative infectious agents. Each of these tools suffers from test-specific limitations. However, molecular-age medicine now includes DNA-based tools to universally assess any microbe or pathogen with a known DNA sequence. This affords clinicians with rapid DNA sequencing technologies at their disposal. These sequencing-based diagnostic tools confer the accuracy of DNA level certainty, while concurrently obviating cultivation or microbial phenotypical biases. Using DNA sequencing-based diagnostics, the results herein document the first identification and quantification of significant bacterial, rather than mycotic, pathogens to the clinical manifestation of dystrophic nails. In direct opposition to the prevailing and presumptive mycotic-based etiologies, the results herein invoke questions about the very basis for our current standards of care, including effective treatment regimens.
Medullary Screw Fixation and the Pilot Hole Technique for the Correction of Hammertoe Deformity
Authors: Logan Daniel B. , Wilson Matthew D. , So Eric , Tawancy Cherreen H.
Published: April 2022

Background: Historically, Kirschner wires have been used for fixation of the interphalangeal joints of the toe. They are still the most popular form of fixation, likely due to training patterns, ease of use, and decreased cost. Recently, numerous medullary fixation devices have become available, including medullary screws.

Methods: After performing various forms of fixation for the correction of toe deformities, the authors have developed a new pilot hole technique for screw fixation advancing on the previously described pilot hole technique for Kirschner wire fixation.

Results: The authors have found this method to provide intraoperative confidence that improper hardware placement has not occurred.

Conclusions: The pilot hole technique described in this paper is a safe and effective technique that may be employed by surgeons using screw fixation for the treatment of hammertoe deformities. The technique reduces the possibility of surgeon error and helps to ensure that the screw is properly placed within the phalanges when properly employed.
Intraoperative Radiation Exposure to U.S. Podiatric and Medicine Surgery Residents Annually: How Much Are We Really Getting?
Authors: Rushing Calvin J. , Rathnayake Viraj , Amin Tarak , Pham Alyssa , Spinner Steven M. , Ramaswamy Izzy Izzy
Published: April 2022

As the number and complexity of operative techniques taught at U.S. podiatric medicine and surgical residencies (PMSR) with the added credential in reconstructive rearfoot and ankle (RRA) surgery has continued to increase, so to has the use of intraoperative fluoroscopy. The purpose of the present prospective observational pilot study was to quantify and compare the shallow dose equivalent (SDE), deep dose equivalent (DDE), and lens of the eye dose equivalent (LDE) exposures for podiatric medicine and surgery residents at a single PMSR-RRA over 12 consecutive months. Shallow-dose equivalent, DDE, and LDE exposures (in millirems) were measured using Landauer Luxel dosimeters from July of 2018 to July of 2019. Dosimeters were exchanged monthly, and mean monthly/annual SDE, DDE, and LDE exposures were calculated and compared. Overall, residents averaged 19 operative cases per month and 222 per year. More than half (53%) required intraoperative fluoroscopy, for which a mini C-arm was used in most cases. Monthly SDE, DDE, and LDE exposures averaged 7.3, 9.3, and 7.0 mrem, respectively; whereas annual SDE, DDE, and LDE exposures averaged 87.3, 112, and 84 mrem, respectively. No significant monthly (P = 1.0, P = .70, and P = .74) or annual (P = .67, P = .67, and P = .33) differences were identified between residents. The annual SDE, DDE, and LDE for residents at a single PMSR-RRA were well below the recommended dose limits of 50,000 mrem/year (SDE), 5,000 mrem/year (DDE), and 15,000 mrem/year (LDE) set by the National Council on Radiation Protection. However, given that the stochastic effects from low levels of ionizing radiation are cumulative, not well studied long-term, and relate both to the degree and duration of exposure, mini-C arm fluoroscopy, radiation tracking, and use of personal protective equipment provide simple means for residents to reduce any long-term potential for risk.
An Innovative Approach to Calcaneal Decubitus Ulcerations Through Calcaneal Decorticalization with Use of Localized Bone Marrow and Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy: A Case Study
Authors: Stucke Christopher , Reeves Lance , Haycock Darryl
Published: April 2022

Heel decubitus ulcerations are relatively common occurrences that can be limb threatening. There are many options to treat these ulcerations, ranging from conservative wound care to serial debridement with flap reconstruction. However, not all patients are good candidates for major reconstructive surgery. In this case, we present a 46-year-old man who failed 3 months of conservative wound care after sustaining a heel decubitus ulcer because of immobilization from a motor vehicle accident. The ulceration was treated with sharp excision of the wound with calcaneal decorticalization and use of negative-pressure wound therapy to use the localized bone marrow within the wound bed. The patient went on to heal within 3 months of operative intervention and remains healed greater than 1 year postoperatively. This technique provided the ability to use localized bone marrow to assist in wound healing without the operative morbidity of a reconstructive procedure.
Metatarsal Protrusion Distance and Its Influence on Recurrent Ulceration Rates After Partial First-Ray Amputations: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Hoffler Hayden L. , Powers Nicholas S. , Evans Joni K. , Blazek Cody D.
Published: April 2022

Background: Recurrent ulceration is a common problem after partial first-ray amputations. Loss of the first metatarsophalangeal joint contributes to altered biomechanics and increased pressure on the foot. This may increase risk of adjacent ulcerations and additional amputations. Preserving first-ray length maintains the metatarsal parabola and limits transfer lesions, but few data support this. We aimed to evaluate the incidence of ulceration after partial first-ray amputations and to assess the association between metatarsal protrusion distance and recurrent ulceration.

Methods: Thirty-two consecutive patients underwent unilateral partial first-ray amputation at various levels along the first metatarsal, and the metatarsal protrusion distance was measured after surgery. Incidence of ulceration was evaluated on the ipsilateral foot. We hypothesized that patients with a longer first metatarsal were less likely to ulcerate again on the ipsilateral foot.

Results: Fourteen patients (43.8%) ulcerated again after partial first-ray amputation. Mean time to ulceration was 104 days. Active smoking status was associated with increased risk of another ulceration (P = .02), and chronic kidney disease was associated with a decreased risk of recurrent ulceration (P = .03). The average metatarsal protrusion distance for patients who ulcerated again after surgery was 36.1 mm versus 25.9 mm for patients who did not (P = .04). Logistic regression analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curve demonstrated an ideal cutoff length for recurrent ulceration of 37 mm (area under the curve = 0.7381). Patients with a protrusion distance greater than 37 mm were nine times as likely to ulcerate again (95% CI, 1.7–47.0).

Conclusions: Partial first-ray amputations can be a good initial salvage procedure to clear infection and prolong bipedal ambulatory status. Unfortunately, these patients are prone to recurrent ulceration. Significant loss of first metatarsal length is a poor prognostic indicator for recurrent ulceration.
A Novel Technique to Close Large Defects in the Foot Secondary to Infection Using Widely Available and Inexpensive Tools: A Case Report
Authors: Nguyen Ngan T. , Khan Tanzim
Published: April 2022

One of the challenges after central ray resection is a large soft-tissue defect. Many authors have reported the use of external fixators as a means of narrowing the forefoot. Ours is the first article to report an interesting case using widely available and inexpensive tools such as Kirschner and cerclage wires as an external fixation means of narrowing the forefoot after a complete second-ray resection and extensive soft-tissue debridement for a severe diabetic foot ulcer. This simple yet inexpensive technique is easy to perform for any foot and ankle surgeon at any hospital or surgical center.
Plantar Vein Thrombosis in the Medial Branch of the Posterior Tibial Vein: A Case Report
Authors: Sheikh Reem N. , Nguyen Christopher , Cummins Michelle
Published: April 2022

Plantar vein thrombosis (PVT) is an atypical cause of plantar heel pain and is seldom reported in the literature. We present a unique, rare case report of a patient exhibiting plantar heel and medial arch pain caused by thrombosis in the plantar medial branch of the posterior tibial vein. The diagnosis was made by means of magnetic resonance imaging, showing lobulated hypointensity in the medial plantar vein, consistent with a PVT. In this article, we provide an overview of the clinical signs of PVT, which is most commonly plantar heel pain. Furthermore, we discuss ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging as diagnostic modalities, and conservative treatment options, including anti-inflammatory medications, anticoagulation therapy, and compression therapy. As with other types of venous thromboembolism, this condition must also be diagnosed without delay to avoid potential complications.
Efficacy of a Newly Developed Inward Airflow Safety Cabinet to Prevent the Spread of Infected Nail Dust Particles During Mechanical Nail Reduction in Onychomycosis
Authors: Prasong Waranyoo , Matthapan Lalita , Bunyaratavej Sumanas , Leeyaphan Charussri , Lertrujiwanit Kamonpan , Supcharoenkul Salisa
Published: April 2022

Background: Nail thickening is a poor prognostic factor in onychomycosis. Mechanical reduction by micromotor nail grinding is an alternative treatment for onychomycosis. However, this treatment introduces a large amount of infected nail dust particles into the air and can adversely affect other patients and health-care providers. The innovative recirculating airflow safety cabinet (ASC) was developed to prevent the spread of these generated infected nail dust particles. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of the ASC in patients with onychomycosis or traumatic onychodystrophy.

Methods: The ASC was used during the nail-grinding process in 50 patients, including 36 onychomycosis patients and 14 traumatic onychodystrophy patients. For each patient, five Sabouraud dextrose agar plates with chloramphenicol were positioned within the working space of the ASC, and the other five plates were positioned near the area of air exit after the carbon filters within the cabinet. A total of 500 plates were incubated at 25°C and evaluated every 7 days. The results of fungal cultures were analyzed.

Results: In the traumatic onychodystrophy group, all fungal cultures of nail dust particles from both before and after filtration from the ASC were negative in all 14 patients. In the onychomycosis group, 52 fungal cultures (28.9%) from nail particles within the ASC working area tested positive; however, the results of fungal cultures of nail dust particles after filtration were all negative.

Conclusions: The newly developed ASC was found to be effective for preventing the spread of infected nail dust particles generated by micromotor nail grinding to mechanically reduce nail thickness in patients with onychomycosis.
The aging epigenome
Authors: Pierce Brandon L
Published: April 2022

A new approach helps to assess the impact of accelerated epigenetic aging on the risk of cancer.
Acidity and availability of aluminum, iron and manganese as factors affecting germination in European acidic dry and alkaline xerothermic grasslands
Authors: Wala Mateusz , Kołodziejek Jeremi , Wilk Tomasz
Published: April 2022

Germination ecology of 10 species from acidic dry grasslands and 10 species from alkaline xerothermic grasslands was studied. The seeds were subjected to different pH, iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and aluminum (Al) treatments under controlled conditions. Effects of ionic (chlorides) and chelated forms (HBED chelates) of Fe and Mn were also compared. Final germination percentage (FGP) and index of germination velocity (IGV) were calculated. The results indicate that pH and extremely high availability of Al are the major edaphic filters regulating germination-based revegetation, while availability of Fe and Mn is of the secondary importance. Both chelates and ionic forms of Fe and Mn exerted similar effects on the ability of seeds to complete germination. It suggests that both chelates are not hazardous for early ontogenetic stages of plants. Neither group has group-specific adaptations pertaining to germination characteristics in the context of the studied chemical stimuli, which indicates a diversity of germination strategies and individual species-specific reactions to the tested factors.
Effect of strip clear-cutting on the natural regeneration of Pinus tabuliformis plantations in northeastern China
Authors: Sun Yunxia , Feng Jian , Gao Huilin , Hu Wanjin , Qu Yang , Zou Hongtao , Yin You , Li Yuan , Xin Meiyan
Published: April 2022

In this study, the effect of strip clear-cutting on the natural regeneration performance of mature Pinus tabuliformis plantations in the three locations in western part of the Liaoning Province was analyzed. Strip clear-cutting, with clear-cut and uncut strip widths of 15, 20, 25 m, and 10 and 18 m, respectively, was conducted in spring 2014, and control, in each study location. Field investigations were conducted in 2017. Fifteen sample plots with sizes of 4 m2 (2 m × 2 m) were established in each clear-cut strip, uncut strip, and control. One to four saplings were randomly selected to measure the current year increment, and the lengths and numbers for branch of the first whorl. Three saplings were randomly selected from the center of the strip to measure the photosynthetic rate. Three sample plots with sizes of 4 m2 (2 m × 2 m) and 1 m2 (1 m × 1 m) were developed in each strip and control to determine the biodiversity of shrubs and herbs as well as the water content of the decomposition and semi-decomposition layer. The results show that the current year increment and branch length of the first whorl can be ordered as follows: clear-cut strips > control > uncut strips. Number of the branches of the first whorl can be ordered as follows: clear-cut strips > uncut strips > control. Strip clear-cutting was a statistically significant treatment for the current year increment and length and number of branches of the first whorl. The saplings from the clear-cut strip with a width of 25 m have the largest photosynthetic capacity compared with those from the other strips and control. The transpiration rates of the large, medium, and small saplings from clear-cut strips are the largest and those of saplings from the control are the smallest. The water content of the decomposition and semi-decomposition layer in the control is the highest, but no significant difference was confirmed between the strip clear-cutting approaches.
An Unusual Cause of Upper Airway Obstruction: A Case Report
Authors: Alzahrani Mohammed Jamaan
Published: April 2022

Background: Dumb cane, or Dieffenbachia, is a tropical decorative house plant belonging to the Araceae family and the Arum class, and its colored leaves are appealing to children.

Objective: The rationale of this report is to notify health workers and the community about the danger of such plant poisoning and increase awareness about its toxic effect on humans.

Case Report: A 14-month-old girl presented to the emergency department complaining of a history of cough, difficult breathing, excessive crying, lip swelling, and drooling of saliva after ingestion of Dieffenbachia. Upon arrival, she had mild respiratory distress associated with stridor. Her examination showed lip swelling, tongue sore, and redness with scattered blisters. These symptoms resolved after a few hours of receiving respiratory support with oxygen therapy, intravenous fluids, intravenous Dexamethasone, racemic epinephrine, oral antihistamines, and normal saline rinses.

Conclusion: The community lacks awareness about home plant poisoning. The significance of reporting such cases highlights the need for parents and community awareness to prevent the toxicity of more people, especially youngsters.
Improved Decipherment of the Protein Database of Human Proteins in the PDMD (Protein-Direct-Microsequencing-Deciphering) Method
Authors: Hayakawa Kou
Published: April 2022

Human proteins seem to be processed by Human serum biotinidase, and Human excreted proteins seem to be handled with by Human serum biotinidase and Human Chymotrypsin A. Therefore, we must improve PDMD method by using these new findings. Protein determination is performed by the highly sensitive HPLC-SEC-photometric method at UV 210 nm; i.e., c.a. 200-fold sensitive than Lowry’s method. Human proteins are found to be not metabolized at membrane inserted portions. Membrane and Hydrophobic proteins of Humans are defined as the precipitable proteins at 100,000 x g for 90 min at 4 C, and have hydrophobicities larger than 0.515.
Rare Case of Sars COV2 Virus (COVID 19) Associated Intra Myocardial Hematoma and Role of Diagnostic Imaging
Authors: Sen Naresh , Tanwar Sonal
Published: April 2022

SARS Cov2 infection is a pandemic declared by WHO in early month of 2020 as corona virus disease (COVID 19) which was diagnosed first in Wuhan, China in December 2019. During first wave of COVID 19 we faced with severe acute respiratory insufficiency and respiratory failure with common symptoms of high-grade fever, shortness of breath and loss of sensations but later on we accessed the different symptoms to related with multi systems of human body. Cardiac emergencies or cardiovascular morbidities with mortality were accessed across the globe during COVID 19 pandemic era. Data revealed that SARS Cov2 affected on heart by both direct or indirect pathway which leads to acute myocarditis, myocardial injury/infarct, heart failure, thrombosis and arrhythmias. Here we are presenting a rare case as hematoma in myocardium called as intramyocardial dissecting hematoma. Non-invasive diagnostic tools to prevent mortality in cardiology field and avoid further complication.
Assess the Sulphur Fractions in Soil as Affected by Soil Test Based Nutrient Application
Authors: Maya . , Kulhare P. S. , Upadhyay A. K. , Panthi Pooja , Yadav Indra Raj
Published: April 2022

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif, 2019 at research field of Department of soil science and agricultural chemistry, JKKVV, M. P. India. Assess the sulphur fractions in soil as affected by soil test based nutrient application. The experiment was laid out in RBD with six treatments with four replications. The treatment schedule was having Control, General Recommended Dose (120-60-40), Targeted yield of 50 q ha-1 (138-65-60), Targeted Yield of 60 q ha-1 (178-86-79), Targeted Yield of 50 q + 5 t FYM ha-1 (134-50-57) and Targeted Yield of 60 q + 5 t FYM ha-1 (174-71-76) respectively. The result of this study showed that relationship between N, P, K and FYM used in soil increased the available S, water soluble S, organic S and total S in the soil. The increase of S fractions with the application of NPK might due to synergistic effect of N-S, P-S Or K-S in the soil. The application of NPK nutrients for T.Y.60q (174-71-76) + 5 t FYM resulted maximum available S (19.94 kg ha-1), water soluble S (16.96 kg ha-1), heat soluble S (25.17 kg     ha-1), organic S (44.28 kg ha-1) and total S of (112.72 kg ha-1) which were significantly higher to General recommended dose for available, water soluble, heat soluble, organic, total S fraction in post-harvest soil.
Effect of Zinc Levels and Plant Geometry on Growth and Yield of Kharif Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L.)
Authors: Krishna Chukkala Hari , Dawson Joy
Published: April 2022

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season (2021) at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Allahabad (U.P.) to assess the response of finger millet on spacing and zinc levels on growth and yield. Soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture. Treatments consisted of T1- Zn @ 2kg/ha + 30 cm   x 10 cm, T2- Zn @ 2kg/ha + 20 cm x 10 cm, T3- Zn @ 2kg/ha + 40 cm x 10 cm, T4- Zn @ 4kg/ha + 30 cm x 10 cm, T5- Zn @ 4kg/ha + 20 cm x 10 cm, T6- Zn @ 4kg/ha + 40 cm x 10 cm, T7- Zn @ 6kg/ha + 30 cm x 10 cm, T8- Zn @ 6kg/ha + 20 cm x 10 cm, T9- Zn @ 6kg/ha + 40 cm x 10 cm. An experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design, with 9 treatments replicated thrice. Results revealed that maximum plant height (95.49 cm), numbers of tillers per plant (9.86), plant dry weight (21.98 g/plant), effective tillers per m2(466.66), test weight (4.5 g) and number of fingers per plant (7.1), grain yield (3.23 t/ha) and straw yield (4.30 t/ha) was significantly influenced with application zinc 6 kg/ha and crop sown at spacing 30x10 cm. It can be concluded that zinc 6 kg/ha + spacing 30x10 cm was found to be more productive.
Studies on Growth, Yield and Economics of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) var. VARUN - 666 as Influenced by Bio Fertilizer and Spacing
Authors: Prathyusha Gorla , Kumar M. G. , Umesha C.
Published: April 2022

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2021, at crop research farm of Department of Agronomy at Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj in North Eastern plains of Eastern Uttar Pradesh with the objective to study the effect of bio fertilizer and spacing on growth, yield and economics of Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) Var. VARUN - 666 under Randomized block design comprising of 9 treatments of which treatments (T1-T9) with different bio fertilizer combination of Azatobacter and Azospirillum along with spacing which are replicated thrice. The experimental results revealed that Application of Azotobacter @ 12.5g/kg +Azospirillum @ 12.5g/kg + 60 cm ×15 cm recorded significantly higher plant height (210.20 cm), Number of leaves/hill (40.3), Highest plant dry weight (49.49 gm), number of tillers/hill (3.3), number of ears/hill (2.43), number of grains/ear head (2097.33), grain yield (2.77 t/ha), straw yield (3.91 t/ha net return (Rs.1,03,453/ha), gross return (Rs.1,41,440/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.72).
Organization of Medical and Sanitary Care for COVID-19 Coronavirus Infection in Uzbekistan
Authors: Ugli Khamdamov Dilshodjon Shaykhzoda
Published: April 2022

For many centuries, humanity has been facing the global spread of dangerous infections. Today, a new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has entered the list of pathogens with pandemic potential. The virus quickly began to take over new territories. Already in February 2020, the COVID-19 outbreak acquired the status of a pandemic. To date, there is no country where at least one case of COVID-19 has not been recorded. The article presents the epidemiological situation in the world and in the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as the procedure for organizing health care to the population during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Research Review of Coordinate Measuring Machines
Authors: Zhang Bin , Xu Shukai , Jin Xiangjie
Published: April 2022

The fourth industrial revolution driven by digitalization, networking and intelligence has put forward new requirements for Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMMs). Two important development directions of Coordinate Measuring Machines are reviewed and analyzed in this paper.  The first is the study of error compensation of Coordinate Measuring Machines, which includes the study of dynamic and static error and the study of dynamic error compensation technology. Dynamic error compensation is particularly important in high-speed measurement. And how to ensure measurement accuracy in high-speed measurement is an important direction for the development of Coordinate Measuring Machines. The second is about the intelligence of Coordinate Measuring Machines which includes CAD/CMM integration, independent decision-making, inspection planning, collision prevention and position recognition of the measured workpiece.
Detection and Diagnosis of Brain Tumor Using Wavelet Transform and Machine Learning Model
Authors: Sherlin Dr.D. , Nikila I.
Published: April 2022

Brain tumor diagnosis using magnetic resonance images (MRI) is one of the hot topics of interest in medical field. In this paper, a novel approach for brain tumor diagnosis is proposed. Four major phases are involved in the proposed approach which are preprocessing, tumor segmentation, feature extraction and classification. Hybrid median filtering method is implemented to suppress noise. Otsu thresholding method is used for isolating tumor from its background tissues. Wavelet transform is adopted for feature extraction. Support vector machined is used for classifying the brain tumors. Classification potential of the proposed system is tested on Harvard and BRATS data set.
Simplified Method for Estimation of Mean Residual Life of Rubble-mound Breakwaters
Authors: Lee Cheol-Eung
Published: April 2022

A simplified model using the lifetime distribution has been presented to estimate the Mean Residual Life (MRL) of rubble-mound breakwaters, which is not like a stochastic process model based on time-dependent history data to the cumulative damage progress of rubble-mound breakwaters. The parameters involved in the lifetime distribution can be easily estimated by using the upper and lower limits of lifetime and their likelihood that made a judgement by several experts taking account of the initial design lifetime, the past sequences of loads, and others. The simplified model presented in this paper has been applied to the rubble-mound breakwater with TTP armor layer. Wiener Process (WP)-based stochastic model also has been applied together with Monte-Carlo Simulation (MCS) technique to the breakwater of the same condition having time-dependent cumulative damage to TTP armor layer. From the comparison of lifetime distribution obtained from each models including Mean Time To Failure (MTTF), it has found that the lifetime distributions of rubble-mound breakwater can be very satisfactorily fitted by log-normal distribution for all types of cumulative damage progresses, such as exponential, linear, and logarithmic deterioration which are feasible in the real situations. Finally, the MRL of rubble-mound breakwaters estimated by the simplified model presented in this paper have been compared with those by WP stochastic process. It can be shown that results of the presented simplified model have been identical with those of WP stochastic process until any ages in the range of MTT F regardless of the deterioration types. However, a little of differences have been seen at the ages in the neighborhood of MTTF, specially, for the linear and logarithmic deterioration of cumulative damages. For the accurate estimation of MRL of harbor structures, it may be desirable that the stochastic processes should be used to consider properly time-dependent uncertainties of damage deterioration. Nevertheless, the simplified model presented in this paper can be useful in the building of the MRL-based preventive maintenance planning for several kinds of harbor structures, because of which is not needed timedependent history data about the damage deterioration of structures as mentioned above.
The cytotoxic action of BCI is not dependent on its stated DUSP1 or DUSP6 targets in neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Thompson Elliott M. , Patel Vruti , Rajeeve Vinothini , Cutillas Pedro R , Stoker Andrew W.
Published: April 2022

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a heterogeneous cancer of the sympathetic nervous system, which accounts for 7–10% of paediatric malignancies worldwide. Due to the lack of targetable molecular aberrations in NB, most treatment options remain relatively nonspecific. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of BCI, an inhibitor of DUSP1 and DUSP6, in cultured NB cells. BCI was cytotoxic in a range of NB cell lines and induced a short‐lived activation of the AKT and stress‐inducible MAP kinases, although ERK phosphorylation was unaffected. Furthermore, a phosphoproteomic screen identified significant upregulation of JNK signalling components and suppression in mTOR and R6K signalling. To assess the specificity of BCI, CRISPR‐Cas9 was employed to introduce insertions and deletions in the DUSP1 and DUSP6 genes. Surprisingly, BCI remained fully cytotoxic in NB cells with complete loss of DUSP6 and partial depletion of DUSP1, suggesting that BCI exerts cytotoxicity in NB cells through a complex mechanism that is unrelated to these phosphatases. Overall, these data highlight the risk of using an inhibitor such as BCI as supposedly specific DUSP1/6, without understanding its full range of targets in cancer cells.