bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal, Viscoelastic and Surface Properties of Oxidized Field’s Metal for Additive Microfabrication
Authors: Zamora Rosendo , Martínez-Pastor Juan , Faura Félix
Published: December 2021

Field’s metal, a low-melting-point eutectic alloy composed of 51% In, 32.5 Bi% and 16.5% Sn by weight and with a melting temperature of 333 K, is widely used as liquid metal coolant in advanced nuclear reactors and in electro–magneto–hydrodynamic two-phase flow loops. However, its rheological and wetting properties in liquid state make this metal suitable for the formation of droplets and other structures for application in microfabrication. As with other low-melting-point metal alloys, in the presence of air, Field’s metal has an oxide film on its surface, which provides a degree of malleability and stability. In this paper, the viscoelastic properties of Field’s metal oxide skin were studied in a parallel-plate rheometer, while surface tension and solidification and contact angles were determined using drop shape analysis techniques.
Hemodynamics Challenges for the Navigation of Medical Microbots for the Treatment of CVDs
Authors: Doutel Erica , Galindo-Rosales Francisco J. , Campo-Deaño Laura
Published: December 2021

Microbots have been considered powerful tools in minimally invasive medicine. In the last few years, the topic has been highly studied by researchers across the globe to further develop the capabilities of microbots in medicine. One of many applications of these devices is performing surgical procedures inside the human circulatory system. It is expected that these microdevices traveling along the microvascular system can remove clots, deliver drugs, or even look for specific cells or regions to diagnose and treat. Although many studies have been published about this subject, the experimental influence of microbot morphology in hemodynamics of specific sites of the human circulatory system is yet to be explored. There are numerical studies already considering some of human physiological conditions, however, experimental validation is vital and demands further investigations. The roles of specific hemodynamic variables, the non-Newtonian behavior of blood and its particulate nature at small scales, the flow disturbances caused by the heart cycle, and the anatomy of certain arteries (i.e., bifurcations and tortuosity of vessels of some regions) in the determination of the dynamic performance of microbots are of paramount importance. This paper presents a critical analysis of the state-of-the-art literature related to pulsatile blood flow around microbots.
Reactivity and Corrosion Behaviors of Ti6Al4V Alloy Implant Biomaterial under Metabolic Perturbation Conditions in Physiological Solutions
Authors: Benea Lidia , Simionescu-Bogatu Nicoleta
Published: December 2021

The corrosion of implant biomaterials is a well-known critical issue when they are in contact with biological fluids. Therefore, the reactivity of Ti6Al4V implant biomaterials is monitored during immersion in a Hanks’ physiological solution without and with added metabolic compounds, such as lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and a mixture of the two. Electrochemical characterization is done by measuring the open circuit potential and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy performed at different intervals of time. Electrochemical results were completed by morphological and compositional analyses as well as X-ray diffraction before and after immersion in these solutions. The results indicate a strong effect from the inflammatory product and the synergistic effect of the metabolic lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide inflammatory compound on the reactivity and corrosion resistance of an implant titanium alloy.
Combined Application of Citric Acid and Cr Resistant Microbes Improved Castor Bean Growth and Photosynthesis while It Alleviated Cr Toxicity by Reducing Cr+6 to Cr3+
Authors: Ali Shafaqat , Waseem Muhammad , Hussain Afzal , Rizwan Muhammad , Ahmad Awais , Khan Naeem
Published: December 2021

Chromium is highly harmful to plants because of its detrimental effects on the availability of vital nutrients and secondary metabolites required for proper plant growth and development. A hydroponic experiment was carried out to analyze the effect of citric acid on castor bean plants under chromium stress. Furthermore, the role of two chromium-resistant microorganisms, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, in reducing Cr toxicity was investigated. Different amounts of chromium (0 µM, 100 µM, 200 µM) and citric acid (0 mM, 2.5 mM, and 5 mM) were used both alone and in combination to analyze the remediation potential. Results showed that elevated amounts of chromium (specifically 200 µM) minimized the growth and biomass because the high concentration of Cr induced the oxidative markers. Exogenous citric acid treatment boosted plant growth and development by improving photosynthesis via enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase, which decreased Cr toxicity. The application of citric acid helped the plants to produce a high concentration of antioxidants which countered the oxidants produced due to chromium stress. It revealed that castor bean plants treated with citric acid could offset the stress injuries by decreasing the H2O2, electrolyte leakage, and malondialdehyde levels. The inoculation of plants with bacteria further boosted the plant growth parameters by improving photosynthesis and reducing the chromium-induced toxicity in the plants. The findings demonstrated that the combination of citric acid and metal-resistant bacteria could be a valuable technique for heavy metal remediation and mediating the adverse effects of metal toxicity on plants.
On the Surface and Beyond. Degradation Morphologies Affecting Plant Ash-Based Archaeological Glass from Kafir Kala (Samarkand, Uzbekistan)
Authors: Fiorentino Sara , Chinni Tania , Galusková Dagmar , Mantellini Simone , Silvestri Alberta , Berdimuradov Amriddin E. , Vandini Mariangela
Published: December 2021

The study focuses on an assemblage of glass finds from the citadel of Kafir Kala, Uzbekistan, located along one of the major Eurasian branches of the “Silk Roads” with a consistent occupation between the 8th and 12th century CE. Glass fragments for this study were selected based on marked surface alterations they showed, with stratified deposits of different thickness and colours. Starting from a preliminary observation under Optical Microscope, fragments were clustered into four main groups based on the surface appearance of the alterations; Scanning Electron Microscopy investigations of the stratigraphy of the alteration products were then carried out, to evaluate micro-textural, morphological and compositional features. Data from the analyses allowed identifying preferential patterns of development of the various degradation morphologies, linkable to compositional alterations of the glass due to burial environment and the alkali leaching action of the water. Iridescence, opaque weathering (at times associated with black stains), and blackening were identified as recurring degradation morphologies; as all but one sample were made of plant ash-based glass, results show no specific correlation between glass composition and the occurrence of one or the other degradation pattern, often found together. Framed in a broad scenario, the paper aims to set the basis for the development of a study approach dedicated to the degradation morphologies affecting archaeological glasses, a topic still lacking systematisation and in-depth dedicated literature.
Transport of Carbamazepine, Ciprofloxacin and Sulfamethoxazole in Activated Carbon: Solubility and Relationships between Structure and Diffusional Parameters
Authors: Bizi Mohamed , EL Bachra Fatima-Ezzahra
Published: December 2021

The transport of carbamazepine, ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole in the different pores of activated carbon in an aqueous solution is a dynamic process that is entirely dependent on the intrinsic parameters of these molecules and of the adsorbent. The macroscopic processes that take place are analyzed by interfacial diffusion and reaction models. Modeling of the experimental kinetic curves obtained following batch treatment of each solute at 2 µg/L in tap water showed (i) that the transport and sorption rates were controlled by external diffusion and intraparticle diffusion and (ii) that the effective diffusion coefficient for each solute, with the surface and pore diffusion coefficients, were linked by a linear relationship. A statistical analysis of the experimental data established correlations between the diffusional parameters and some geometrical parameters of these three molecules. Given the major discontinuities observed in the adsorption kinetics, the modeling of the experimental data required the use of traditional kinetic models, as well as a new kinetic model composed of the pseudo first or second order model and a sigmoidal expression. The predictions of this model were excellent. The solubility of each molecule below 60 °C was formulated by an empirical expression.
Combined Layer-by-Layer/Hydrothermal Synthesis of Fe3O4@MIL-100(Fe) for Ofloxacin Adsorption from Environmental Waters
Authors: Sturini Michela , Puscalau Constantin , Guerra Giulia , Maraschi Federica , Bruni Giovanna , Monteforte Francesco , Profumo Antonella , Capsoni Doretta
Published: December 2021

A simple not solvent and time consuming Fe3O4@MIL-100(Fe), synthesized in the presence of a small amount of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (27.3 wt%), is here presented and discussed. Layer-by-layer alone (20 shell), and combined layer-by-layer (5 shell)/reflux or /hydrothermal synthetic procedures were compared. The last approach (Fe3O4@MIL-100_H sample) is suitable (i) to obtain rounded-shaped nanoparticles (200–400 nm diameter) of magnetite core and MIL-100(Fe) shell; (ii) to reduce the solvent and time consumption (the layer-by-layer procedure is applied only 5 times); (iii) to give the highest MIL-100(Fe) amount in the composite (72.7 vs. 18.5 wt% in the layer-by-layer alone); (iv) to obtain a high surface area of 3546 m2 g−1. The MIL-100(Fe) sample was also synthesized and both materials were tested for the absorption of Ofloxacin antibiotic (OFL). Langmuir model well describes OFL adsorption on Fe3O4@MIL-100_H, indicating an even higher adsorption capacity (218 ± 7 mg g−1) with respect to MIL-100 (123 ± 5 mg g−1). Chemisorption regulates the kinetic process on both the composite materials. Fe3O4@MIL-100_H performance was then verified for OFL removal at µg per liter in tap and river waters, and compared with MIL-100. Its relevant and higher adsorption efficiency and the magnetic behavior make it an excellent candidate for environmental depollution.
Association between Dietary Patterns and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Korean Adults: The Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study
Authors: Shin Moon-Kyung , Kwak Se Hyun , Park Youngmok , Jung Ji Ye , Kim Young Sam , Kang Young Ae
Published: December 2021

In addition to smoking, dietary habits may contribute to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aimed to examine the association between dietary patterns and lung function in a Korean community cohort. A total of 5436 participants were included from the Ansan–Ansung cohort study. To identify the dietary patterns, we performed principal component factor analysis using the results of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC ratio were measured by spirometry. Multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between dietary patterns and lung function after adjusting for confounders. We identified four major dietary patterns; ‘prudent’, ‘coffee, fat, and sweet’, ‘westernized’, and ‘white rice’. After adjusting for potential confounders, the ‘coffee, fat, and sweet’ dietary pattern was negatively associated with lung function, particularly the FEV1/FVC ratio. Participants with high scores for the ‘coffee, fat and sweet’ pattern had a higher risk of COPD among men but not women. Therefore, these results indicate that the ‘coffee, fat and sweet’ dietary pattern is inversely related to lung function in Korean adults. Our results indicate that dietary habits may be modifiable risk factors for COPD.
Prophylactic Catechin-Rich Green Tea Extract Treatment Ameliorates Pathogenic Enterotoxic Escherichia coli-Induced Colitis
Authors: Kim Jeong-Won , Kim Chang-Yeop , Kim Jin-Hwa , Jeong Ji-Soo , Lim Je-Oh , Ko Je-Won , Kim Tae-Won
Published: December 2021

In this study, we explored the potential beneficial effects of green tea extract (GTE) in a pathogenic Escherichia coli (F18:LT:STa:Stx2e)-induced colitis model. The GTE was standardized with catechin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate content using chromatography analysis. Ten consecutive days of GTE (500 and 1000 mg/kg) oral administration was followed by 3 days of a pathogenic E. coli challenge (1 × 109 CFU/mL). In vitro antibacterial analysis showed that GTE successfully inhibited the growth of pathogenic E. coli, demonstrating over a 3-fold reduction under time- and concentration-dependent conditions. The in vivo antibacterial effect of GTE was confirmed, with an inhibition rate of approximately 90% when compared to that of the E. coli alone group. GTE treatment improved pathogenic E. coli-induced intestinal injury with well-preserved epithelial linings and villi. In addition, the increased expression of annexin A1 in GTE-treated jejunum tissue was detected, which was accompanied by suppressed inflammation-related signal expression, including TNFA, COX-2, and iNOS. Moreover, proliferation-related signals such as PCNA, CD44, and Ki-67 were enhanced in the GTE group compared to those in the E. coli alone group. Taken together, these results indicate that GTE has an antibacterial activity against pathogenic E. coli and ameliorates pathogenic E. coli-induced intestinal damage by modulating inflammation and epithelial cell proliferation.
Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Activity of Polymyxin E Alone and in Combination with Probiotic Strains of Bacillus subtilis KATMIRA1933 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B-1895 against Clinical Isolates of Selected Acinetobacter spp.: A Preliminary Study
Authors: AL-Dulaimi Munaf , Algburi Ammar , Abdelhameed Alyaa , Mazanko Maria S. , Rudoy Dmitry V. , Ermakov Alexey M. , Chikindas Michael L.
Published: December 2021

Acinetobacter spp., the nosocomial pathogen, forms strong biofilms and is resistant to numerous antibiotics, causing persistent infections. This study investigates the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of polymyxin E alone and in combination with the cell-free supernatants (CFS) of the tested probiotic bacilli, Bacillus subtilis KATMIRA1933 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B-1895 against the selected Acinetobacter spp. starins. Three isolates of Acinetobacter spp., designated as Acinetobacter spp. isolate 1; Acinetobacter spp. isolate 2, and Acinetobacter spp. isolate 3, were collected from patients with burns, wounds, and blood infections, respectively. Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were conducted using the VITEK2 system. Auto-aggregation and coaggregation of the tested bacilli strains with the selected Acinetobacter spp. isolates were evaluated. A disk diffusion assay was used to identify the microorganism’s susceptibility to the selected antibiotics, alone and in combination with the CFS of the bacilli. The MIC and MBIC (minimum inhibitory and minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations) of polymyxin E combined with bacilli CFS were determined. Acinetobacter spp. isolates were (i) sensitive to polymyxin E, (ii) able to form a strong biofilm, and (iii) resistant to the tested antibiotics and the CFS of tested bacilli. Significant inhibition of biofilm formation was noticed when CFS of the tested bacilli were combined with polymyxin E. The bacilli CFS showed synergy with polymyxin E against planktonic cells and biofilms of the isolated pathogens.
Improved Bioavailability of Poorly Water-Soluble Drug by Targeting Increased Absorption through Solubility Enhancement and Precipitation Inhibition
Authors: Lee Ju-Hyun , Park Chulhun , Weon Kwon-Yeon , Kang Chin-Yang , Lee Beom-Jin , Park Jun-Bom
Published: December 2021

Itraconazole (ITZ) is a class II drug according to the biopharmaceutical classification system. Its solubility is pH 3-dependent, and it is poorly water-soluble. Its pKa is 3.7, which makes it a weak base drug. The aim of this study was to prepare solid dispersion (SD) pellets to enhance the release of ITZ into the gastrointestinal environment using hot-melt extrusion (HME) technology and a pelletizer. The pellets were then filled into capsules and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The ITZ changed from a crystalline state to an amorphous state during the HME process, as determined using DSC and PXRD. In addition, its release into the gastrointestinal tract was enhanced, as was the level of ITZ recrystallization, which was lower than the marketed drug (Sporanox®), as assessed using an in vitro method. In the in vivo study that was carried out in rats, the AUC0–48h of the commercial formulation, Sporanox®, was 1073.9 ± 314.7 ng·h·mL−1, and the bioavailability of the SD pellet (2969.7 ± 720.6 ng·h·mL−1) was three-fold higher than that of Sporanox® (*** p < 0.001). The results of the in vivo test in beagle dogs revealed that the AUC0–24h of the SD-1 pellet (which was designed to enhance drug release into gastric fluids) was 3.37 ± 3.28 μg·h·mL−1 and that of the SD-2 pellet (which was designed to enhance drug release in intestinal fluids) was 7.50 ± 4.50 μg·h·mL−1. The AUC of the SD-2 pellet was 2.2 times higher than that of the SD-1 pellet. Based on pharmacokinetic data, ITZ would exist in a supersaturated state in the area of drug absorption. These results indicated that the absorption area is critical for improving the bioavailability of ITZ. Consequently, the bioavailability of ITZ could be improved by inhibiting precipitation in the absorption area.
Exosome microRNAs in Metabolic Syndrome as Tools for the Early Monitoring of Diabetes and Possible Therapeutic Options
Authors: Cione Erika , Cannataro Roberto , Gallelli Luca , De Sarro Giovambattista , Caroleo Maria Cristina
Published: December 2021

Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles produced and released by almost all cell types. They play an essential role in cell–cell communications by delivering cellular bioactive compounds such as functional proteins, metabolites, and nucleic acids, including microRNA, to recipient cells. Thus, they are involved in various physio-pathological conditions. Exosome-miRNAs are associated with numerous diseases, including type 2 diabetes, a complex multifactorial metabolic disorder linked to obesity. In addition, exosome-miRNAs are emerging as essential regulators in the progression of diabetes, principally for pancreatic β-cell injury and insulin resistance. Here, we have clustered the recent findings concerning exosome-miRNAs associated with β-cell dysfunction to provide a novel approach for the early diagnosis and therapy of diabetes.
Mechanism of Action of the Sesquiterpene Compound Helenalin in Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells
Authors: Mun Hakmin , Townley Helen Elizabeth
Published: December 2021

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most frequent soft tissue sarcoma in paediatric patients. Relapsed or refractory RMS shows very low 5-year survival rates, which urgently necessitates new chemotherapy agents. Herein, the sesquiterpene lactone, helenalin, was investigated as a new potential therapeutic agent against the embryonal RMS (eRMS) and alveolar RMS (aRMS) cells. We have evaluated in vitro antiproliferative efficacy of helenalin on RMS cells by the MTT and wound healing assay, and estimated several cell death pathways by flow cytometry, confocal microscopy and immunoblotting. It was shown that helenalin was able to increase reactive oxygen species levels, decrease mitochondrial membrane potential, trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress and deactivate the NF-κB pathway. Confirmation was obtained through the use of antagonistic compounds which alleviated the effects of helenalin in the corresponding pathways. Our findings demonstrate that oxidative stress is the pivotal mechanism of action of helenalin in promoting RMS cell death in vitro.
Preparation and Characterization of Fenofibrate Microparticles with Surface-Active Additives: Application of a Supercritical Fluid-Assisted Spray-Drying Process
Authors: Kim Jeong-Soo , Park Heejun , Ha Eun-Sol , Kang Kyu-Tae , Kim Min-Soo , Hwang Sung-Joo
Published: December 2021

In this study, supercritical fluid-assisted spray-drying (SA-SD) was applied to achieve the micronization of fenofibrate particles possessing surface-active additives, such as d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS), sucrose mono palmitate (Sucroester 15), and polyoxyethylene 52 stearate (Myrj 52), to improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of fenofibrate. For comparison, the same formulation was prepared using a spray-drying (SD) process, and then both methods were compared. The SA-SD process resulted in a significantly smaller mean particle size (approximately 2 μm) compared to that of unprocessed fenofibrate (approximately 20 μm) and SD-processed particles (approximately 40 μm). There was no significant difference in the effect on the particle size reduction among the selected surface-active additives. The microcomposite particles prepared with surface-active additives using SA-SD exhibited remarkable enhancement in their dissolution rate due to the synergistic effect of comparably moderate wettability improvement and significant particle size reduction. In contrast, the SD samples with the surface-active additives exhibited a decrease in dissolution rate compared to that of the unprocessed fenofibrate due to the absence of particle size reduction, although wettability was greatly improved. The results of zeta potential and XPS analyses indicated that the surface-active additive coverage on the surface layer of the SD-processed particles with a better wettability was higher than that of the SA-SD-processed composite particles. Additionally, after rapid depletion of hydrophilic additives that were excessively distributed on the surfaces of SD-processed particles, the creation of a surface layer rich in poorly water-soluble fenofibrate resulted in a decrease in the dissolution rate. In contrast, the surface-active molecules were dispersed homogeneously throughout the particle matrix in the SA-SD-processed microparticles. Furthermore, improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics were observed for the SA-SD-processed fenofibrate microparticles compared to those for the SD-processed fenofibrate particles. Therefore, the SA-SD process incorporating surface-active additives can efficiently micronize poorly water-soluble drugs and optimize their physicochemical and biopharmaceutical characteristics.
Protease-Resistant Peptides for Targeting and Intracellular Delivery of Therapeutics
Authors: Lucana Maria C. , Arruga Yolanda , Petrachi Emilia , Roig Albert , Lucchi Roberta , Oller-Salvia Benjamí
Published: December 2021

Peptides show high promise in the targeting and intracellular delivery of next-generation bio- and nano-therapeutics. However, the proteolytic susceptibility of peptides is one of the major limitations of their activity in biological environments. Numerous strategies have been devised to chemically enhance the resistance of peptides to proteolysis, ranging from N- and C-termini protection to cyclization, and including backbone modification, incorporation of amino acids with non-canonical side chains and conjugation. Since conjugation of nanocarriers or other cargoes to peptides for targeting and cell penetration may already provide some degree of shielding, the question arises about the relevance of using protease-resistant sequences for these applications. Aiming to answer this question, here we provide a critical review on protease-resistant targeting peptides and cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). Two main approaches have been used on these classes of peptides: enantio/retro-enantio isomerization and cyclization. On one hand, enantio/retro-enantio isomerization has been shown to provide a clear enhancement in peptide efficiency with respect to parent L-amino acid peptides, especially when applied to peptides for drug delivery to the brain. On the other hand, cyclization also clearly increases peptide transport capacity, although contribution from enhanced protease resistance or affinity is often not dissected. Overall, we conclude that although conjugation often offers some degree of protection to proteolysis in targeting peptides and CPPs, modification of peptide sequences to further enhance protease resistance can greatly increase homing and transport efficiency.
Robotics in Urology: No More Shadows?
Authors: Luciani Lorenzo Giuseppe , Mattevi Daniele , Cai Tommaso , Malossini Gianni
Published: December 2021

Robotic surgery saw unprecedented success throughout the world, with urology as a key discipline. Robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and partial nephrectomy (RAPN) were the frontline procedures. Many other urologic procedures have since been standardized over time. However, there is no universal consensus in current research on the recognition of robotics as the standard of care. Although better operative outcomes have been reported for most robotic procedures compared to open and laparoscopic surgery, no superiority has been proven as far as oncologic outcomes are concerned. This review aims to describe current research on robotic surgery concerning each urologic procedure, showing its applications and limits. The non-classic parameters in part responsible for the planetary success of robotics, such as the shorter learning curve, improved ergonomics, and surgeon’s comfort, as well immersive three-dimensional vision, are further areas of focus.
The diplomatic tandem of the USA and NATO in world politics
Authors: Bartosh Alexander A. , Letyago Anatoly G.
Published: December 2021

The article discusses various aspects of the activities of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in the preparation of a new strategic concept (SC-2021). Advocating a decisive expansion of the range of NATO's capabilities to respond promptly to modern challenges, politicians and the military refer to the presence of new key threats that were not discussed in the previous strategic concepts of the bloc. The complex of such challenges and threats carries one of the fundamental functions in the development of the document. However, the leading place is given to the scrupulous consideration of doctrinal documents being developed in the United States: the national security strategy, military doctrine, nuclear policy review, the stake dictated from overseas on the military deterrence of Russia and some others. The internal and institutional factors of the bloc's development, the diplomatic and military aspects of the alliance's policy play an important role. NATO's focus on the role of a global player in tandem with the United States determines the development of the military technosphere of the bloc, which focuses on cognitive warfare and artificial intelligence. The preservation of the function of NATO as the main tool of the United States in the confrontation with Russia determines the buildup of the military presence of the bloc at the borders of our country, the conduct of military exercises according to provocative scenarios, the military development of Ukraine. An analysis of NATO's transformation, including a change in military strategy and a bet on the development of new technologies, each of which has a threatening subversive and destabilizing potential, makes it necessary to develop a comprehensive counteraction program in Russia. Particular attention should be paid to the development of strategies to counter cognitive warfare, the work on which, along with artificial intelligence, is the focus of the alliance's innovative efforts. NATO has been and remains one of the important actors in the global struggle and relies on the combined use of force and non-force methods and means of influencing the enemy, the use of innovative technologies, which requires Russia, its allies and partners to respond immediately and carefully coordinated across the entire spectrum of threats and challenges.
HUMAN AND IMMORTALITY IN THE VIEWS OF TRANSHUMANISTS
Authors: Kravchenko P. , Kiselyova T.
Published: December 2021

With the development of science, a lot of people don’t believe in the afterlife, but believe in biotechnology and the ability to overcome death, or at least delay it as much as possible. At the same time, the revolution in medical technology has created the illusion of controlling death. In this study we will consider the impact of scientific progress on changing transhumanity’s vision of death. The aim of the article is a socio-philosophical review of the dynamics and changes in transhumanist ideas about obtaining human immortality from the ideas of cryonics to cybernetic modification of human nature. Research methods are comprehensive and based on philosophical-anthropological and philosophical-cultural analysis of transhumanist concepts of human immortality.Discussion. Comparing the arguments of transhumanists about overcoming death by various methods, it becomes clear that the possibility of obtaining immortality through cryonics technologies is no longer the subject of discussion by scientists and philosophers. The attention of philosophers N. Badmington, N. Bostrom, J.Wilsdon, YN Harari, A. Turchin and M. Bakhtin is focused on the possibility of modifying the human body into an eternal cyborg personality. Conclusion. Human modification for the sake of immortality or its cyborgization is the dominant idea of solving the problem of human mortality. The expansion of the boundaries of human nature and the same time of human existence is first of all a transition to a new qualitative level of existence. As a result it is the opportunity to transfer human thoughts, memories and consciousness into the digital form or to an artificial device. So transhumanists will be able to take refuge in digital immortality. And this immortality will depend only on the ability to build and store these devices.
DOGMATIC SENSES OF ST. GEORGIY (KONYS’KYJ’S) DRAMA “RESURRECTION OF THE DEAD PEOPLE”
Authors: Tsarenok A.
Published: December 2021

Analyzing the old Ukrainian didactic drama “Ressurection of the dead people”, written in the middle of the 18th century by Kyiv-Mohyla Academy professor Georgiy (Konys’kyj), scientists very often pay attention to its expressive social and ethical dimension. At the same time, this well-known monument of literature must be regarded as a work, which possesses remarkable dogmatic senses as well. The aim and the tasks. The aim of the article is exploring of the connection of the drama “Ressurection of the dead people” text with sphere of the Orthodox dogmatic theology. It`s necessary to mention such tasks of the study as pointing out the different dogmatic senses of the drama and making analysis of them. Research methods. Exploring the text of the didactic drama by Georgiy (Konys’kyj), the author of the article uses 1) the cultural and contextual method, 2) the method of psychology of artistic creation and such general scientific methods as 3) the comparative method, 4) the method of systematization and 5) the method of generalization. Research results. As one can understand easily after acquaintance with the name of the drama, its central dogmatic ideas are naturally connected with the Christian eschatology: Georgiy (Konys’kyj) preaches the future resurrection of all dead people and reminds both his contemporaries and future generations of the Final Judgment. Moreover, we find the manifestation of author’s strong belief in the Holy Trinity, in the Divine and the Human Natures of Christ, in the majesty and the great role of the Atoning Sacrifice, in the immortality of human souls, in the Providence, etc. in the text. Conclusion. The text of Georgiy (Konys’kyj`s) didactic drama “Ressurection of the dead people” is regularly influenced by the important constituents of the Orthodox dogmatic doctrine (eschatology, Triadology, Christology, etc.). Taking into consideration the research results helps us to get better understanding of philosophical and theological views of such a famous hierarch as saint Georgiy (Konys’kyj) and to overcome some wrong interpretations of his works.
ICONOGRAPHY: ON BAROQUE MENTALITY OF UKRAINIANS
Authors: Bogomolets O.
Published: December 2021

Based upon the empirical background of professional and folk baroque icons represented in the Radomysl Castle Museum’s exhibitions, this article reveals the compositional, artistic and ideological characteristics of the Ukrainian baroque icon painting. The coincidence of its images and ideals with the national character and public aspirations of Ukrainians is also described. It is due to this that the Ukrainian baroque icon painting (both professional and folk) in the time of long statelessness and cultural decentralization became the main means of rendering collective reminiscences that are basic for the preservation of ethnic and cultural identity, and social ideals with them. The latter transformed over time into mental models that unconsciously determined the ideological and value priorities of Ukrainians. They, as evidenced by the compositional specification of the baroque icons presented in the Radomysl Castle Museum’s collection, were much influenced by the ideas of the world’s transformation and achieving the Kingdom of Heaven on earth through the ascetic activity of heroes, which was basic for the baroque worldview. For a man of the “Baroque era,” such heroes were not only Orthodox saints, but also religious and political figures. Moreover, it was assumed that they could even ignore the demands of Christian moralists for the sake of promoting the specific vital interests of the people. Their ascetic activity was considered one of the main prerequisites for the transformation of the world, the prototype of which was the Mother of God. For Ukrainians, she was not only a tireless patron for disadvantaged and suffering ones, but also a prototype of the selfless love that would rule the world (“the holy Ukrainian land”), as the result of its transformation. The sincere hope of Ukrainians for the protection of saints, combined with an unshakable faith in the divine “omnipresence” and the fullness of the whole world with God’s wisdom led to the establishment of ontological optimism in the Ukrainian consciousness. This means the belief in the ultimate overcoming of all life obstacles without personal efforts. Ideas and mental models formed and transmitted by Ukrainian baroque icon painting, due to the spiritual leaders of the 19th century’s national revival (with the absolute primacy of Taras Shevchenko and his both literature and art heritage) acquired secular features. They continued to determine the way of thinking and behavior of Ukrainians. Even today, they sincerely believe that the renewal of the world and the formation of new and just order does not require any personal effort and is to be achieved by the forces of some heroes they would call.
Ballistic Range Testing Data Analysis of Tianwen-1 Mars Entry Capsule
Authors: Wei Haogong , Li Xin , Huang Jie , Li Qi , Rao Wei
Published: December 2021

A typical blunt body such as Tianwen-1 Mars entry capsule suffers dynamic instability in supersonic regime. To investigate the unstable Mach range of flight and to confirm the design of aerodynamic shape and mass properties, a ballistic range test was carried out aiming at capturing supersonic dynamic characteristics of Tianwen-1. Aerodynamic coefficients of free-flight scaled models were derived by modified linear regression method based on position and attitude data, while the dynamic coefficients were established under the assumption of small angle linearization. The static moment coefficients and dynamic derivatives were identified thereafter. Results show that models in untrimmed configuration are dynamically unstable at certain Mach numbers, whereas models in trimmed configuration are dynamically stable at other Mach numbers tested. Both trimmed and untrimmed configurations are statically stable in all testing cases.
Kınalı Kekliklerde (Alectoris Chukar) Yeşil Yem Kaynağı Olarak Hidroponik Arpa Kullanımı ve Etkileri
Authors: ÖZKAN Çağrı Özgür , ATALAY Ali İhsan , ALTUNTAŞ Mustafa
Published: December 2021

Entansif şartlarda yetiştirilen Kınalı Keklikler (Alectoris chukar) doğaya adaptasyonunu kolaylaştırmak ve yeşil yem ihtiyacını karşılamak için alternatif bir yöntem olarak hidroponik arpa hasılı üretimi yapılmıştır. Böylece hayvanların kafes ortamında bile yeşil yem kaynaklarından faydalanması sağlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada ile damızlık kınalı keklikler için hidroponik arpa hasılı üretilerek; yumurta verimi, yumurta ağırlığı, kuluçka randımanı ve bazı davranış biçimleri incelenmiştir. Hasıl uygulaması yapılan gruptan elde edilen yumurtaların kuluçka randımanı ortalama olarak %76,93 iken hasıl verilmeyen grubun kuluçka randımanı %72,72 bulunmuştur. Hasıl uygulaması yapılan gruptan elde edilen yumurtaların yumurta ağırlıkları 23,81 gr iken kontrol grubun yumurta ağırlığı 18,58 gr bulunmuştur. Yumurta sayısı, kuluçka randımanı ve yumurta ağırlığı bakımından hasıl uygulanan grup en yüksek değerlere sahip iken, uygulanmayan grup en düşük değerlere sahip bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, kuluçka randımanı ve yumurta ağırlığı bakımından yapılan bağımsız iki örnek t- testi yumurta sayısı sonuçlarına göre yeşil hasıl uygulanan grup ve uygulanmayan grubun bu özellikler arasındaki farklılık istatistiksel olarak çok önemli bulunmuştur (P < 0,01).
PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN PEMUDA BUDDHIS BUDDHA SASANA XIAN MA BERDASARKAN SILA, ETIKA, DAN TATA KELOLA
Authors: Inggarsono Yordi , Bangun Yakobus K , Asri Marselinus
Published: December 2021

This study aims to explore the principles of eight precepts and ethical perspectives on the Pemuda Buddhis Buddha Sasana Xian Ma in financial management. The research method uses an interpretive paradigm with a phenomenological approach. The results showed that the eight precepts and eight noble paths of the Buddha's teachings have the meaning of an ethical perspective and if they are carried out simultaneously, they will get thirty-eight major blessings in the form of ethics that must be implemented every day so that they affect the organizational ethics of the Pemuda Buddhis Buddha Sasana Xian Ma, which is responsible and prioritize virtue. This research is expected to contribute in the form of theory development and concept reconstruction, as well as additional literature on the eight precepts, eight noble paths and thirty-eight major blessings. This research can also provide an understanding and material for evaluating policies in realizing good ethics at Vihara.
ANALISIS PENERAPAN PENAGIHAN PAJAK DENGAN SURAT PAKSA DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENERIMAAN PAJAK STUDI KASUS PADA KANTOR KPP PRATAMA SUKABUMI
Authors: Bangsa Kirana Zahira Pujia , Ismatullah Ismet
Published: December 2021

This study aims to determine the analysis of the application of tax collection by force letter in increasing tax revenue at the KPP Pratama Sukabumi office. The population and sample used were the tax authorities or tax collection officers and verifier assistants as many as 15 people at the Tax Office (KPP) Sukabumi Pratama. The sampling technique used is saturated sampling. This study uses qualitative research with an associative approach. Based on the results of research that the application of tax collection by forced letter carried out by the Tax Office of Sukabumi KPP was issued if for 21 days after the warning letter was issued and still had not been paid. Forced letters issued and sent to taxpayers as many as 896 and data on achievement of Tax Return of Pratama Sukabumi, tax revenues in 2019 amounting to Rp1,284,529,911,630.00 from the target set of Rp1,437,487,596,000.00 or equal to 89.36% of the achievement target.
KAJIAN KRITIS TERHADAP PELAPORAN DANA DESA
Authors: Jantong Alfonsus , Bangun Yakobus Kaditti
Published: December 2021

This study aims to criticize village fund reporting by using qualitative approach. The data used in this study is secondary data in the form of literature related to village fund as well as related research journals. Descriptive analysis method as an analyst tool. The results of the analysis showed that the reporting of village funds in accordance with the regulation of the minister of home affairs number 113 of 2014 concerning the reporting of village funds but not in accordance with the prevailing government accounting standards, other findings indicate a late reporting process, the existence of interfensions in the use and reporting of village funds, obstacles to infrastructure and human resources are lacking. The existence of village funds is very beneficial for the village government in development. Reporting must be consistent with higher regulations, the need for specific reporting for village funds, as well as increased community supervision and participation roles.
INTERAKSI KINERJA KEUANGAN PERBANKAN DAN TATA KELOLA DALAM MENINGKATKAN RETURN SAHAM
Authors: Marice Ina , Daromes Fransiskus E. , Ng Suwandi
Published: December 2021

This research was conducted to investigate the effect of banking performance on stock returns as moderated by corporate governance. The population used in the study were all banks listed on the IDX for the period 2015-2019. The sample in this study were 30 banks selected using purposive sampling method. The analysis was carried out with the help of SPSS 25 and hypothesis testing using multiple linear regression analysis and moderating regression analysis (MRA). The results of this study indicate that banking performance in the form of LDR, CAR, and ROA partially and simultaneously affects stock returns, NPL partially and simultaneously has no effect on stock returns, governance is able to moderate the relationship between LDR, CAR, and ROA on stock returns, but unable to moderate the relationship between NPL and stock returns.
PENGARUH RISIKO INFLASI, RISIKO SUKU BUNGA, RISIKO VALUTA ASING TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM
Authors: Mufida Olivia Luthfiah , Manda Gusganda Suria
Published: December 2021

This research was conducted to show the importance of company managers in managing stock returns during inflation, increases in interest rates, and increases in foreign exchange rates. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of inflation risk, interest rate risk, and foreign exchange risk on stock returns, 2012-2019 study period. The method in this research is using multiple linear regression analysis. Techniques in conducting this research using quantitative descriptive analysis and obtained 8 companies as research samples. The results of this study indicate that inflation risk has an insignificant effect and the relationship is partially positive influence on stock returns, interest rate risk has no significant effect and partially negative influence on stock returns, foreign exchange risk has a significant effect and the relationship is negative influence significantly partial to stock returns. This research is inseparable from the limitations of the researcher. For investors and potential investors who want to invest, it is better if they pay more attention to the company's financial condition so that investors can find out whether it is feasible or not to invest in the chosen company so that investors do not experience losses.
GELIAT E-COMMERCE DAN PENERIMAAN PAJAK DIMASA PANDEMI
Authors: Tenriwaru Tenriwaru , Amiruddin Amiruddin , Sahrani Ilma
Published: December 2021

This study aims to determine tax revenue from the e-commerce sector during this pandemic. Sources of data used in this study consisted of primary data and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from informants who were taxpayers and tax authorities while secondary data were obtained from relevant written media, namely journals and internet sites. The analysis method used is descriptive qualitative. The results showed that the use of e-commerce during this pandemic was very high compared to previous years, but tax revenue itself actually decreased during this pandemic due to the economic downturn that hit various business sectors which had an impact on decreasing tax revenue.
MODEL AKUNTABILITAS KEUANGAN GEREJA TORAJA: STUDI INTERPRETIF FENOMENOLOGI
Authors: Resti Ratu , Randa Fransiskus , Pasoloran Oktavianus
Published: December 2021

Financial accountability of religious organizations is a new phenomenon demanded by stakeholders. This study aims to reveal the financial accountability of a religious organization, namely the Toraja Church. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation and documentation. The object of this research is the Toraja Church of Imanuel Mandetek congregation and selects the pastor, treasurer, and verification division as key informants. The results of the study found that financial accountability in the Toraja JIM church was not fully realized. The meaning of financial accountability in the church is interpreted as a form of financial governance with the demand for the involvement of the congregation in realizing the vision of the organization, but on the other hand, financial accountability built by the principle of transparency is not sufficient. Transparency of financial budgets has not been implemented. The financial statement information submitted is still very simple and is not accompanied by an adequate budgeting process. Thus the accountability that is carried out has not been able to meet the expectations of the Church stakeholders as part of the services provided.
ADVERSITY QUOTIENT DAN KEPUASAN KERJA TENAGA MARKETING OTOMOTIF KOTA PALEMBANG DI ERA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Ony Johan Gunady
Published: December 2021

This research was conduted with the aim of measuring the level of adversity quotient and its effect on job satisfaction of Palembang automotive marketers in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic. The population in this research is the automotive (car) marketers in Palembang. The research sample was determined using a non probability sampling technique, namely convenience sampling, as many as 75 repondents. The result showed that the automotive marketers in Palembang was dominated by the Campers with moderate adversity quotient level. This research also shows that adversity quotient has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction of automotive marketers in Palembang during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Structural Equation Modeling using Stata
Authors: Cain Meghan
Published: December 2021

In this tutorial, you will learn how to fit structural equation models (SEM) using Stata software. SEMs can be fit in Stata using the sem command for standard linear SEMs, the gsem command for generalized linear SEMs, or by drawing their path diagrams in the SEM Builder. After a brief introduction to Stata, the sem command will be demonstrated through a confirmatory factor analysis model, mediation model, group analysis, and a growth curve model, and the gsem command will be demonstrated through a random-slope model and a logistic ordinal regression. Materials and datasets are provided online, allowing anyone with Stata to follow along.