bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flood Disaster Risk Perception and Sense of Place Among Households Along the Ocoy River in Negros Oriental, Philippines
Authors:   Department of Anthropology and Sociology, Silliman University, Dumaguete City 6200, Negros Oriental, Oracion Enrique
Published: August 2021

This quantitative study using a survey method aims to understand the relationship between flood disaster risk perception and the sense of place of people living in communities along a river. The survey covered a non-probability sample of 120 respondents from households located along with the downstream, midstream, and upstream sections of the Ocoy River in Negros Oriental. Generally, the respondents have very high flood disaster risk perception and sense of place scores which do not significantly differ across communities. But the significant positive relationship between these two major variables contradicts the common understanding that disaster makes people devalue particular places and relocate to safer areas. The majority who conditionally agreed to relocate may not proceed if they perceived a more difficult life in the resettlement site. Adaptive resettlement programs and policies are recommended where the desired characteristics of a place of flood survivors are reconstructed. At the same time, risk reduction and mitigation mechanisms are designed for those who decided to remain in riverside communities.
Remote sensing analysis of unnamed crater in Eastern Australia
Authors: Rahman Zahid Ur
Published: August 2021

Remote sensing (RS) can certainly provide deep insights about detecting the terrestrial structure of unknown origin. In this paper, we also detected impact crater of unknown origin in northeast Australia by RS techniques, specifically to enhance the credibility of scientific database on the possible impact craters in the continent of Australia. Following the RS procedures, a circular-shaped unnamed crater, hereafter the Winton crater, was detected with a diameter of approximately 130-km. Furthermore, the topographical parameter was obtained from RS data, which showed that the area, depth and volume of the crater are ~100-m2, ~130-m and ~99.8-m3, respectively. The geological data revealed that inside the crater, the outcrops are mainly consisted of sedimentary and low grade metamorphic rock, specifically included the mixed sediments and conglomerates, limestone and siltstone of the Craterous period. However, the exterior of the circular shaped in the southern part is consisted of unconsolidated deposits of the Tertiary period. The positive value of gravity anomaly for the major part of the crater is 3000 mGal and Bouguer gravity onshore grid has an anomaly of 900 mGal over the impact crater. It showed that the Winton crater could not be the due to any volcanic or karstic processes. On the other hand, a detailed field and petrology investigation should need to distinguish the origin of the crater of old and fossil travertine or an impact crater.
Reorienting Goals in Endodontic Therapy: Pulp Revitalization, on the brink of a paradigm shift.
Authors: Ayousha Iqbal  , Amna Riaz  , Alia Waheed  , Safi Ullah Khan  , Kanza Nawadat  , Sadaf Islam
Published: August 2021

Objective: To accomplish a multidisciplinary systematic review of the various aspects of dental pulp tissue engineering, its myriad protocols, inclusive of adjuvant surgeries and at the end this review will summarize the testing methodologies of pulp vitality.
Methods:  Research was conducted at Army Medical college, NUMS and HITECH Dental college, Taxilla. Literature of the previous 2 years was searched up to January 2020 on PubMed, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, Cochrane and Science direct. The key words employed were “revitalization, revascularization, dental pulp and regeneration ”
Result & Conclusion: Current strategies of pulpal regeneration have shown commendable success. Histological analysis of clinical trials is essential to ensure confirmatory evidence of quality of revitalization. The impact of oral factors and a long term follow up in these case is still required to produce a definitive understanding.
Continuous...
Minecraft Education Edition’s Ability to Create an Effective and Engaging Learning Experience
Authors: Panja Vennela , Berge Jill
Published: August 2021

Effective game-based learning is possible and incredibly important, as it provides effective, engaging, student-centered learning. While it has been successful for history learning,  effective game-based learning for STEM subjects is scarce. This study explored Minecraft Education Edition's chemistry features and their ability to create an effective and engaging learning experience, as Minecraft's game mechanics along with Education Edition's chemistry features may provide a solution to the lack of effective game-based learning. The study was conducted with a lesson in Minecraft Education Edition, and participants took a quiz and reflection survey after the lesson to gauge Minecraft Education Edition's viability as a learning tool. While the data in the study was too limited to garner a conclusion on how Minecraft Education Edition affects the engagement and effectiveness of a lesson, it provides insight that not all students/players engage with Minecraft the same way, and discusses many factors that should be considered when creating a Minecraft-based education model.
Implicit Learning of Motor Behavior Through Observation in Middle-School Students
Authors: Cairo Nayeric , Sierra Janette , Vaziri Pashkam Maryam
Published: August 2021

There is a disagreement in the neuropsychological literature regarding the nature of observational learning, strictly without a motor component. While some studies claim explicit influences are needed in order for learning to occur, others argue that they are not. The current student aims at understanding this gap, in particular emphasizing the observation aspect, since there is a limited number of research on this component. An experiment was conducted to measure both the short- and long-term of this effect using a neutral parameter procedure among two groups and a control. It was found that there was a significant effect of implicit learning. These findings are analyzed in a behavioral aspect and taken into consideration for limitations, implications and future research.
Die andere pandemie: inzichten in en suggesties voor een betere public mental health (care)
Authors: VAN DEN BROECK K.
Published: August 2021

That other pandemic: insights and suggestions for a better public mental health (care).

Like Covid-19, mental health problems threaten to undermine our society and the personal well-being of many – perhaps more dormantly, but not less destructively.

Many people suffer from mental health problems and high suicide rates, skyrocketing psychopharmaceutical use and endless waiting times suggest that the quality of care today – despite the efforts of dedicated professionals –is sub-optimal. These staggering figures make the rollout of a larger plan to prevent, early identify and promptly treat mental health problems an urgent matter.

This article focuses on how we can intervene in the mental wellbeing of our population: what bottlenecks underlie the current situation, what societal changes need to be made, and what data can contribute in the matter.
NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIERS: A PROMISING APPROACH FOR TOPICAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Authors: S. Nikam Supriya , P. Phadatare Priya , B. Watode Ankita , Kayande Kalyani
Published: August 2021

Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are innovative pharmaceutical formulations made up of physiological and biocompatible lipids, as well as surfactants and co-surfactant. The initial generation of lipid nanoparticles was Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN), which had a longer-lasting activity and was better, suited to drug penetration. The NLC is a second-generation lipid nanoparticle designed to alleviate the limitations of SLN, such as limited drug loading capacity and solid lipid polymorphism. Many benefits of topical medication delivery include avoiding first-pass metabolism, focusing active components for a local effect, and patient compliance. When compared to typical topical dose forms, nanoparticles have a greater effect in transporting medications through the skin. The structure, composition, many formulation methods, and characterization of NLCs are all important aspects in formulating a stable drug delivery system, as discussed in this review paper. A variety of approaches are used to make solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers, which are discussed in this paper. Lipid nanoparticles have a variety of features that make them suitable for topical usage in cosmetics and medicinal formulations. Because of extensive positive benefits such as skin hydration, skin occlusion, and skin targeting, NLCs have a significant potential in the pharmaceutical market. Skin hydration is important for API topical distribution because it hydrates the skin, which causes the pores to open. Trans epidermal water loss decreases due to the occlusion nature of lipid nanoparticles, softening the skin. It is more suited since it uses biodegradable grade lipid, which does not cause toxicity like polymeric Nano formulations. Actually, because of their biodegradable composition, NLCs are a “Nano safe” carrier that has a lot of potential for overcoming the obstacles of topical distribution.
RASING FORCES: PATTERNS OF REDISTRIBUTION OF POWER IN WORLD POLITICS
Authors: MERAR Djamel Ben , MELLAH Nassera
Published: August 2021

This article examines Rising Powers: Patterns of Power Redistribution in Global Politics, by creating a reliable framework for understanding the increasing complexities of the actors in the international arena. This is by studying the concept of power, which is one of the basic concepts in political science, whereby force imposes its logic on the curves of international relations and has multiple forms due to its complex nature. In what can be considered dual roles and reciprocal interactions, and to understand the dimensions, manifestations and nature of the actors in the power equation, especially the emergence of tensions and conflicts between the interests of the United States of America and the emerging powers in the world in light of the new strategic directions after the Cold War and each party's attempt to dominate areas of influence and wealth Proceeding from a pragmatic geopolitical policy.
FORM ADAPTATION AND FLOW OF MOVEMENT IN THE DESIGN OF INTERIOR SPACES
Authors: JABER Duaa Majed , ALASADI Faten Abas
Published: August 2021

The study has completed (the role of formal acclimatization and activation of motion flow in the design of internal spaces), where the first chapter included the research problem that was identified by the following question: What is the formal adaptation of a design for internal spaces and what is the flow of movement in the design of internal spaces? , While the limits of the research were represented in the study of formal acclimatization through the manifestations and role of movement and flow in designing the internal spaces of student clubs in the colleges of the University of Babylon for the year 2016-2018. While the second chapter included previous studies and their discussion, with defining the theoretical framework within two topics: The first topic: specializing in the concept of adaptation in general. The second topic: includes the concept of movement in interior design. While the third chapter included: Research procedures and methodology, as the descriptive approach was adopted in the analysis, and the intentional sample of the research study models was chosen from the original research community. The fourth chapter also relied on a set of results reached by the research study, the most important of which were: Relative verification of what acclimatization constituted the main interface in all the research model despite the verification of the morphological diversity in the middle and lateral display sites. As for the most important conclusions, it emerged through the follow-up of a repeated formal system at the level of parts in most of the internal spaces of student clubs, which establishes a visual and mental stored scene in the presence of the recipient, and is a monotonous formal single at the macro level, as well as the research study included recommendations, proposals, and access to the list of Arab sources And foreign.
REPETITION USED BY PROFESSOR ABDULLAH AL-TAYYIB IN HIS BOOK AL-MURSHID “THE GUIDE TO UNDERSTAND THE POETRY OF ARABS AND ITS ARTISTRY”
Authors: ABDUL-KAREEM Milad Alaa , NASIR Yaseen Adhab
Published: August 2021

Dr. Abdullah Al-Tayyib grew up in a family known for its knowledge and originality, when he became prominent in the early twentieth century through a group of publications, most notably the book (Al-Murshid) “The Guide to Understand Arab Poetry and its Artistry”, as it is considered as an encyclopedia in the study of Arabic poetry. He studied the ancients, but with a new view, especially his position of the elements of harmony in Arabic poetry, which adds a sweet resonance to his music, most notably repetition, which relies on two elements, which are pure repetition and alliteration, that were disputed among the ancients in being one or two elements, and by this, Al-Tayyib resolved the dispute. According to him, repetition is used for a main purpose, which is rhetoric. Rhetoric is achieved when the poet intends to strengthen composition, that is, the aspect of emotions, and it comes for three purposes: either to strengthen the tone by repeating a phrase or poetic verse; or to strengthen the formal meanings by repeating a proper name or a subject to strengthen a general meaning in the poem; or to strengthen the detailed meanings which depend on the repetition of a name or position, to strengthen a detailed meaning in the poem, such as mentioning different places in order to reveal an emotional aspect such as love poetry. In relation to alliteration, there are two types: dual alliteration, by which the writer views time through the words he uses such as (mujaddal and murammal); and rhymed alliteration, the writer views place according to the words he uses, by intending to use specific sounds and letters, and insists on repeating them, such as (dhuhliya, and dhaahil).
EXTREMISM AND ITS IMPACT ON WEAKENING SOUND BELIEF AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE
Authors: MANSOUR Ruqaiya Shaker
Published: August 2021

The phenomenon of extremism is a pathological and unhealthy phenomenon in all its meanings, and at all levels, whether intellectual, social, behavioral, emotional, and religious. There has been much talk in our contemporary time about: “extremism in religion,” especially extremism among Muslims, until it has become an urgent and dangerous issue that preoccupies the minds of those interested in the state and future of this religion, especially after the violent and mutual conflict between Islamic groups entered the stage of catastrophe, and what is certain is that extremism In religion, it did not come from a vacuum. Rather, it has its causes and motives. Without knowing it, the treatment of this phenomenon becomes (pure absurdity and fleeting effort), despite the multiplicity of intellectual and sectarian schools and their differences in determining the causes and motives of this phenomenon.
FASHION IS A COMMUNICATION AXIS TO REPRESENT CIVILIZATIONS IN CONTEMPORARY MEDIA
Authors: MUHSEN Zainab Abd Ali
Published: August 2021

The fashion is the interface of the world for human communication and the overlap of cultures, and globalization in contemporary fashion can have a positive impact as it is important in the development of design and executive awareness to achieve the job through economic and cultural development, stressing that the role of the contemporary designer artist is the continuous communication between the global heritage and the new visions used in the present and the aesthetics of design. Fashion and clothing are considered as the language full of symbols, which reflects the (identities) of human societies, because of the different environments in which they are present, as the costume is the title of world cultures as each environment of the world has special costumes that distinguish it, although it shares the fact that it is inspired by the traditional heritage of that region, and expresses the environment in which women live, and this is reflected in many forms of executive model technology carried by different costumes. Although they vary from region to region due to the demographics of the environment, tastes are multiplied by media communication with different peoples and civilizations. They are any costumes that tell the history of human beings from the beginning to the present. In recent times, a phenomenon has emerged characterized by a return to heritage and typical.
Voice Recognition Technology : A Review
Authors: Fegade Sagar V. , Chaturvedi Dr. Ashish , Agarwal Dr. Mukta
Published: August 2021

Recent advances in computing technology have made voice recognition is a — a biometric technology based on the unique characteristics of a person's voice — more convenient, safer, and secure than ever before. After years of research and development, one of the major research challenges remains the accuracy of automatic speech recognition (eg., variations of the context, speakers, and environment). In this paper, We have review the current state of voice recognition. Finally, we look at possible industrial applications for voice recognition technology, such as public safety solutions.
Urban planning variants: a model for the division of the activated “plusvalue” between public and private subjects [Interventi in variante urbanistica: un modello per la ripartizione tra pubblico e privato del “plusvalore” conseguibile]
Authors: Morano Pierluigi , Tajani Francesco , Anelli Debora
Published: August 2021

The establishment of the “extraordinary urbanization contribution” with Law no. 165 of 2014 requires regulating the division between public and private of the capital gains achievable from interventions on urban areas or buildings as variant or in derogation of the regulatory instruments in force. The “free interpretation” of the aforementioned directive left to regional and local decision makers – regarding a) the procedures for assessing the higher value generated by the urban planning variant compared to the pre variant situation and b) the exact percentage of the extraordinary contribution to be used – has led to a methodologically uneven and confused national panorama. This work aims to define and test a rational procedure for assessing the higher value activated by the intervention, comparing the situation before and after the urban variation, and to determine the amount of the gross floor area achievable with the transformation that the private subject is required to pay to the Public Administration, due to the percentage variation of the extraordinary contribution. L’istituzione del “contributo straordinario di urbanizzazione” con la Legge n.165 del 2014 richiede di regolamentare la ripartizione tra pubblico e privato del plusvalore conseguibile da interventi su aree o immobili in variante urbanistica o in deroga agli strumenti vigenti. La “libera interpretazione” della suddetta norma lasciata ai decisori regionali e locali - in merito a) ai procedimenti di stima del maggior valore generato dalla variante urbanistica rispetto alla situazione ante variante e b) all’esatta percentuale del contributo straordinario da impiegare - si è tradotta in un panorama nazionale metodologicamente frastagliato e confuso. Il presente lavoro ha l’obiettivo di delineare e testare una procedura razionale di stima del maggior valore attivato dall’intervento, mettendo a confronto la situazione ante e post variante urbanistica, e di determinare l’ammontare della superficie lorda di pavimentazione realizzabile con la variante che la parte privata è tenuta a corrispondere alla Pubblica Amministrazione, in ragione della variazione percentuale del contributo straordinario.
Values spaces migration. appraisal scenarios for an intercultural society [Valori spazi migrazioni. prospettive estimative per una società interculturale]
Authors: Napoli Grazia
Published: August 2021

Incessant migratory flows move towards nations or cities where they can find better living conditions, driven by economic inequalities, political and social instability, war conflicts and environmental emergencies, and generate real or perceived perturbations in the social and economic organization of territories. The changes in value, social, spatial and economic systems resulting from migration flows were debated during the SIEV conference “Values Spaces Migrations. Identity and Otherness in the Multicultural City”, which took place in October 2020 Incessanti flussi migratori si muovono verso nazioni o città in cui trovare condizioni di vita migliori sospinti da sperequazioni economiche, instabilità politiche e sociali, conflitti bellici ed emergenze ambientali, e generano perturbazioni, reali o percepite, sull’organizzazione sociale, ed economica dei territori. I mutamenti dei sistemi valoriali, sociali, spaziali ed economici conseguenti ai flussi migratori sono stati dibattuti durante il convegno SIEV “Valori Spazi Migrazioni. Identità e alterità nella citta multiculturale”, che si è svolto nel mese di ottobre del 2020.
مواقع الالتفات في سورة الكهف (دراسة بلاغية )
Authors: Yulianti Yulianti
Published: August 2021

Iltifaat secara bahasa adalah pergantian dari satu bentuk ke bentuk lainnya, adapun secara istilah para pakar balaghah yaitu perubahan dalam ungkapan bicara dari satu sisi ke sisi lainnya dari berbagai segi atau tiga hal pembicaraan: ((pembicara – pendengar – dan yang tidak hadir)) sedangkan dalam kenyataanya mengikuti pembicaraan membutuhkan kelanjutan dalam ungkapan yang sesuai dengan beberapa cara pilihan tanpa memperhatikan pergantiannya. Ada beberapa istilah yang tersebar tentang iltifaat, diantaranya: ((as-sharf)), ((al-‘aduul)), ((al-inshiraaf)), ((at[talawwun)), ((mukhalafatu muqtadha dzaahir)), ((syajaa’atul arabiyah)) dan sebagainya. Penelitian ini berdasarkan studi analisis balaghah dalam surat Al-Kahfi dari pola kalimat iltifaat. Maka peneliti membatasi latar belakang pembahasan ini, apa sajakah posisi iltifaat dalam surat Al-Kahfi secara studi balaghah? Dan apa saja penafsirannya dari ayat-ayat iltifat dalam surat Al- Kahfi? Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwasanya bidang iltifaat dalam surat Al-Kahfi ada enam, yang pertama: di bidang shiyagh ada lima macam: 1) mabniy lil-majhul – mabniy lil-ma’lum dalam ayat 31{يُحَلَّوْنَ – يَلْبَسُوْنَ}, 2) mudhari’ – maadhi dalam tiga ayat, ayat 47 {نُسَيِّرُ – حَشَرْنَا}, ayat 49 {يَقُوْلُوْنَ – وَجَدُوْا}, ayat 56 {يُجَادِلُوْا – اِتَّخَذُوْا}, 3) antara dua shigat fi’il dalam ayat 78 -82 {تَسْتَطِعْ – تَسْطِعْ}dan ayat 97 {اسْطَاعُوْا – اسْتَطَاعُوْا}. Yang kedua: di bidang ‘adad ada tiga macam: 1) tatsniyah – ifrad dalam ayat 33-35 {الجَنَّتَيْنِ – أُكُلَهَا}, 2) jama’ – ifrad dalam ayat 50 {هُمْ –عَدُوٌّ} , ayat 56 {نُرْسِلُ – آيَاتِي}, ayat 100 -101 {عَرْضُنَا – ذِكْرِي}, 3) ifrad – jama’ dalam ayat 102 {دُوْنِي – أَنَا}. Ketiga: di bidang dhamair ada dua macam, 1) ghaibah – takallum dalam ayat 13 {بِرَبّهِمْ – زِدْنَا}, dan ayat 52  {يَقُوْلُ – جَعَلْنَا}, 2) takallum – ghaibah dalam ayat 21 {أَعْثَرْنَا – وَعْدَ اللهِ}, dan ayat 45{أَنْزَلْنَا – كَانَ اللهُ}. Keempat: di bidang adawaat (ada satu macam, 1) ziyadatul adaat dalam ayat 22 {سَبْعَةٌ وَثَامِنُهُمْ}. Kelima: di bidang al-bina an-nahwiy ada satu macam, 1) tahawwul fil isnad dalam ayat 79-82 {فَأَرَدْتُ – فَأَرَدْنَا – فَأَرَادَ رَبُّكَ} , keenam: di bidang mu’jam ada tiga macam, 1) dalam ayat 16 {اللهُ – رَبُّكُمْ}, dan ayat 24 {اللهُ – رَبُّكَ}, 2) dalam ayat 17{تَزَاوَرَ – تَقْرِضُهُمْ} , 3) dalam ayat 52 {نَادُوْا – دَعَوْا}.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Regarding COVID-19 among Postgraduate Trainees and House Officers
Authors: Tarique Shandana , Sarwar Shahid
Published: August 2021

Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice among house officers and post graduate trainees towards COVID-19 in tertiary care hospitals. Methods: An online questionnaire was used as research tool to collect data from 115 house officers and post graduate trainees working in tertiary care hospitals. Questionnaire was divided into three sections. Knowledge was assessed on basis of choosing the best option, attitude was evaluated with agree/disagree and practices were considered on yes/no format. Data was analyzed with SPSS 24®(Armonk NY:IBM corp). Results: 115 doctors responded to online survey. Mean age was 26.92±2.92, 62(53.9%) were female and 53(46.1%) were male. Regarding the status of participants, 46(40%) were house officers and 69(60%) were post graduate residents. Considering the domain of knowledge, maximum score was 12 and minimum was4. Mean score was 8.75. It was observed that 82(71.3%) participants agreed that COVID-19 will be successfully controlled, while 114 (99.1%) of participants counselled patients and their attendants about preventive measures. Regarding practice domain, 110(95.7%) participants replied in affirmative that they wore mask when leaving home while 19(16.5%) had undergone training for nasopharyngeal sample collection. Only 45(39.1%) had undergone training for doffing and donning. Pearson correlation was applied between the three domains and status of doctors. It was observed that postgraduate residents were significantly better in Covid-19 related knowledge (p<.05). Among the three domains, no significant relationship was observed. Conclusion: Doctors have positive attitude though factors have been identified in knowledge and practice that need improvement. Keywords: COVID-19, knowledge, attitude, practice How to cite: Tarique S., Sarwar S., Knowledge, Attitude and Practices regarding COVID-19 among Postgraduate Trainees and House Officers. Esculapio 2021;17(02):179-182.
Forced laser nanostructuring of the surface of alumina-oxide ceramics
Authors: Smirnov Serafim , Shandarov Stanislav , Karanskiy Vitaliy
Published: August 2021

The possibility of creating quasiperiodic nanostructures on the surface of articles made of ceramic materials based on -Al2O3 under the action of a laser beam moved by a two-coordinate linear stepping motor (LSM) is shown. It is shown that the cause of the arising non-uniformity of heat release and convective instability of the molten layer are electromagnetic surface waves at the "conductor-insulator" interface, while the "conductor" is the melt layer. The discreteness of the laser beam movement due to LSD makes it possible to create a regular wave-like relief on the melt surface, which plays the role of an input diffraction structure for gen-erating a surface wave of TM polarization.
Cell membranes of plant materials anatomical integrity changes under the influence of filamentary microplasma treatment assisted by thermionic emission
Authors: Shorstkii Ivan , Sosnin Maksim
Published: August 2021

The effect of low-temperature filamentary microplasma treatment on the anatomi-cal integrity of cell membranes of plant raw materials was studied. It is shown that microplasma treatment forms a through channels in the structure of plant materi-als and accelerate mass transfer process. The effect on the cell membrane of plant raw materials leads to a change in the capillary-porous structure with the for-mation of additional pores formed by microplasma discharge, oriented along the direction of the electric field strength. It was found that the dependence of the number of destroyed cells on the intensity of microplasma treatment is limited and decreases with longer processing of plant raw materials. According to the results of experimental studies, it was established that with microplasma treatment assis-tant, it is possible to control mass transfer processes which are important for the further processing of plant raw materials, such as drying and extraction
Assessing the Online Shopping Behaviour of Nigerian Youths
Authors: J. N Chris-Nnamchi , C. U. Ifediora , Sunday Nwanmuoh, Emmanuel , N. C. J. Eneh
Published: August 2021

Background: Online shopping is the juice of buying and selling of products and services mostly adopted by the youths do their ability and zeal to always go online surfing and browsing as they look for solutions to their everyday needs. Purpose: The objectives of this study were: to ascertain the extent to which youths carry out online shopping; to assess the level of satisfaction of youths towards shopping online; to determine the extent to which online shopping is preferred to traditional shopping; to find out the effect the fear of losing money while shopping online has on the shopping behaviour of youths; and to determine the effects fear of non-delivery of order has on online shopping. Method: The population of the study is made up of students from three higher institutions in Enugu state. Convenience sampling technique was used in interviewing and administering the questionnaire to 90 respondentsafterwhichchi-square,and linear regression were used to test the hypotheses. Result: The findings indicate that Nigerian youths shop online frequently whenever they access various sampling brands, price and delivery options same time. Also, online shopping is preferred to traditional shopping by the sampled youths because it is convenient, offer discounts, have objective reviews from other shoppers. Conclusion: The online presence of most companies has created an opportunity for marketing firms to reach out to the youths by way of interacting with them and getting feedback on the companies products and services. Making it easy for the companies to know the best ways to improve their products or services. This study equally recommends that firms should focus more on establishing an online presence to attend to the shopping needs of youths in Nigeria.
Purification, application and immunolocalization of thermostable xylanases
Authors:   , Govender Stephanie
Published: August 2021

Microbial enzymes are gaining worldwide attention due to their potential industrial applications. Microorganisms producing thermostable -xylanase and their associated hemicellulases have significant application in the paper and pulp, food, animal feed, and textile industries. The potential of partially purified xylanase from Thermomyces lanuginosus MC 134, Luminase PB 100, Luminase PB 200 (a commercial xylanase) and T. lanuginosus DSM 5826 (Sigma Aldrich) was evaluated in bleaching of bagasse pulp. The temperature and pH optima for all the enzymes were 60°C and pH 6, respectively. The temperature (50- 80°C) and pH (5-8) stability of the enzymes were also assessed. All the enzymes were relatively stable at 60°C and pH 6 for 180 min. T. lanuginosus MC 134 retained 80% of its activity at 60°C and pH 6 for 180 min and PB 200 retained 75% of its activity at 80°C for 180 min. T. lanuginosus MC 134 also exhibited good alkaline stability at pH 8. The commercial xylanases Luminase PB 100, Luminase PB 200, T. lanuginosus DSM 5826 (Sigma Aldrich) were purified to homogeneity using a gel filtration column packed with sephadex G-100 and characterized for Km and Vmax. However extracellular crude xylanases from T. lanuginosus MC 134 was purified to homogeneity using (N )2S04 precipitation and gel filtration column, packed with sephadex G-100. The purified xylanases exhibited a molecular mass of- 26 to 24 kDa, given range as determined by SDS page. The Km and Vmax values of Luminase PB 100, Luminase PB 200, T. lanuginosus MC 134, and T. lanuginosus DSM 5826, xylanases were determined by the Michaelis-Menten equation using birchwood xylan as the substrate. The Km value for Luminase PB 100, Luminase PB 200, T. lanuginosus DSM 5826 and T. lanuginosus MC 134 were, 8.1 mg/mL, 11.7 mg/mL and 14.3 mg/mL respectively. The Vmax for Luminase PB 100, Luminase PB 200, T lanuginosus DSM 5826 and T lanuginosus MC 134 were 232.6, 454.6 and 74.6 !Jl11ol/min/mg. Biobleaching conditions of the xylanases were also optimised and the release of reducing sugars and lignin derived compounds showed that an enzyme dosage of 50U/g of pulp was ideal for biobleaching at pH 6 and 60°C for 180 min. This brightness for T lanuginosus MC 134, Luminase PB 200, Luminase PB 100 was 45.5 ± 0.11%, 44.1 ± 0.007% and 42.7 ± 0.03% respectively at pH 6, compared to untreated samples. Reducing sugars and UV-absorbing lignin-derived compound values were considerably higher in xylanase-treated samples. All the enzymes analysed exhibited similar trends in the release of lignin derived compounds and reducing sugars which indicated their potential in the pulp and paper industry.
Food security and coping strategies of a rural community within the Valley of a Thousand Hills
Authors:   , Felt Leigh
Published: August 2021

Food security is a global concern and the insecurity thereof is prevalent in South Africa even though the country is deemed to be secure in terms of food availability. The study was conducted to determine the socio-economic, health and nutrition and food security status of the community living in the Valley of a Thousand Hills in KwaZulu Natal, in addition to analysing their coping strategies. Two hundred and fifty seven respondents were required to participate in this study. Data were collected by interviewing the respondents using pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaires; socio demographic questionnaires, dietary intake questionnaires- namely 24 hour recall and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and the coping strategy questionnaires were used. Lastly anthropometric measurements were taken to determine BMI. A prevalence of extreme poverty exists as a magnitude of the high unemployment rate, out of which 75.8% had been unemployed for more than 3 years. The household monthly income was less than R500 per month for 37.3% of the respondents. The mean Food Variety Scores (FVS) (±SD) for all foods consumed from the food groups during seven days was 22.45 (±10.32), indicating a low food variety score. In this study the food group diversity is summarized as the majority of the respondents (91.1%, n=226) being classified with a good dietary diversity score using 6-9 food groups. The mean of the three 24-Hour recall nutrient analysis indicated a deficient intake by both men and women in all of the nutrients (100% of the men and women could not meet the DRI’s for energy and calcium) except for the mean (±SD) carbohydrate intake by men aged 19-50 (214.71 ± 80.22). The main source of food intake was from the carbohydrate food group with an insufficient intake of animal products, dairy products and fruits and vegetables respectively; contributing to the macro and micro nutrient inadequacies. Ninety six percent of this community experienced some level of food insecurity with the worst Coping Strategy Index food insecurity score being 117 out of a possible 175. Four percent of this community was classified as being food secure. Overweight and obesity were the most exceptional anthropometric features by the women respondents with 26.5% (n=66) being overweight and 57% (n=142) obese. The men’s anthropometric features were predominantly normal weight. This study has established poverty and unemployment as being the principal contributors for the food insecurity experienced by the populace and poor dietary intakes. The low food variety diet consumed by the respondents resulted in the DRI’s not achieved for most nutrients. The majority of the respondents only consumed two meals a day, as a coping strategy to reduce/prevent temporary food insecurity. Intervention strategies are needed to improve the food security status and dietary intake of the community members to overcome the crisis of malnutrition.
Thermodynamic properties of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulphate with nitrogen and sulphur compounds at T = (298.15 - 318.15) K and P = 1 bar
Authors:   , Chule Siyanda Brian
Published: August 2021

In this work, the thermodynamic properties for the binary mixtures containing the ionic liquid (IL): 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulphate ([EMIM] [EtSO4]) were calculated. The binary systems studied were {pyridine (Py) or ethyl acetoacetate (EAA) or thiophene (TS) + [EMIM] [EtSO4]}. The results were interpreted in terms of the intermolecular interactions between the (pyridine + IL), (ethyl acetoacetate + IL), and (thiophene + IL) molecules. The physical properties: density, speed of sound, and refractive index were measured for the binary mixtures over the complete mole fraction range using an Anton Paar DSA 5000 M vibrating U- tube densimeter and an Anton Paar RXA 156 refractometer, respectively. The measurements were done at T = (298.15, 303.15, 308.15, 313.15, and 318.15) K and at p = 0.1 MPa. The experimental data was used to calculate the derived properties for the binary mixtures namely:- excess molar volume (V E ), isentropic compressibility (ks), molar refractions (R) and deviation in refractive index (Δn). For the binary mixtures, (Py or EAA or TS + IL), V E was negative throughout the whole composition range which indicates the existence of attractive intermolecular interaction between (pyridine + IL) and (ethyl acetoacetate + IL) for (thiophene + IL), V E was negative at low mole fraction of thiophene and became positive at high mole fraction of thiophene. For the binary mixtures (pyridine + IL), (ethyl acetoacetate + IL), ks was positive indicating that the binary mixtures were more compressible than the ideal mixture. For the binary mixture (thiophene + IL) ks was negative at low thiophene composition and positive at high composition indicating that the binary mixture was less compressible than the ideal mixture at low thiophene composition and more compressible at high composition of thiophene. The molar refraction, R, is positive for the (Py or EAA or TS + IL) binary systems at T = (298.15 – 318.15) K, molar refraction decreases as the organic solvent composition increases. For the binary mixture (pyridine + [EMIM] [EtSO4]), Δn is negative at mole fractions < 0.75 of pyridine and positive at mole fractions >0.75 at all temperatures and decreases with an increase in temperature. For the binary system (ethyl acetoacetate + [EMIM] [EtSO4]), Δn values are positive over the entire composition range and at all temperatures and increases with an increase in temperature. Δn values for the (thiophene + IL) system are negative for mole fractions of thiophene < 0.62 and becomes positive for mole fractions of thiophene > 0.62 and Δn increases with an increase in temperature. The Redlich-Kister smoothing equation was used successfully for the correlation of V E and Δn data. The Lorentz- Lorenz equation gave a poor prediction of V E , but a good prediction of density or refractive index.
AN OVERVIEW OF CLINICAL TRIALS ON VACCINE OF COVID-19 UNDER NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Authors: P. Pol Mayuri. , Mahajan Gayatri. C. , Khairnar Suhas. K. , Patil Dhananjay. M. , Bairagi Vinod. A.
Published: August 2021

The Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has discovered its underlying foundations from Wuhan (China). Coronavirus is brought about by a novel COVID SARS-CoV2, recently named as 2019-nCoV. Coronavirus has spread across the globe and pronounced as pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO) 0n the 11th March, 2020 as of now, there is no standard medication or vaccine accessible for the treatment, so repurposing of existing medication is the solitary arrangement. vaccine are the arrangements given to patients to summon invulnerable reactions prompting the creation of antibodies (humoral) or cell-interceded reactions that will battle irresistible specialists or non-irresistible conditions, for example, malignancies. Disturbing safety profile of live vaccines, weak immunogenicity of sub-unit vaccines and immunization, failure due to poor patient compliance to booster doses which should potentiate prime doses are rarestoutexplanations, which required the progress of novelgroup of preventive and therapeutic vaccines to encourage effective vaccination. Endeavors are being made to convey immunizations through transporters as they control the spatial and worldly introduction of antigens to invulnerable framework consequently prompting their supported delivery and focusing on. Henceforth, lower dosages of frail immunogens can be successfully coordinated to invigorate safe reactions and kill the requirement for the organization of prime and supporter portions as a section vaccine regimen. Novel Drug Delivery System (NDDS) will be soon for resting of medications. The part of different NDDS in resting of existing medications for treatment of different viral disease, and their importance in COVID-19 has talked about in this paper. It focuses on the currently ongoing research in the implementation and clinical trials on vaccine in the usage of NDDS in COVID-19. In addition, it portrays the part of Liposomes, Virosomes and DNA based vaccine drug delivery advancement for COVID-19
COMPARATIVE ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF SELECTED SOLANUM SPECIES
Authors: Kamboj Anjoo , Piplani Sanjana
Published: August 2021

Synthetic analgesic drugs have prominent side effects like gastritis, gastric ulcer, kidney disorder and cardiac arrhythmias. The genus Solanum has been primarily used for various therapeutic effects, mainly analgesics, in the indigenous system of medicine. The current research aimed to investigate and compare the analgesic activities of methanolic extracts of leaves of Solanum indicum, Solanum surattense and Solanum torvum. Using acetic acid induced writhing method and hot plate method, the analgesic activity was evaluated. Significant anti-nociceptive effects were observed on both animal models after the application of different doses of the extracts of Solanum species. The results exhibited that MESI, MESS and MEST at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg produced analgesic effects equivalent to diclofenac (10 mg/kg). However the extracts at 400 mg/ kg exhibited more pronounced analgesic activity. The results of this study demonstrated that the analgesic effects of all the three species were significant to each other and validate the traditional use of the plants of this Genus for the treatment of pain.
SPIRULINA – A WONDER NUTRACEUTICAL AGAINST CANCER: A REVIEW
Authors: Kaur Kawalpreet , Kaur Saranjeet
Published: August 2021

Spirulina, a filamentous and spiral-shaped blue-green alga, contains an array of bioactive compounds and has emerged to be a nutraceutical. It has a unique blend of around 70 biologically active compounds which enhances its therapeutic significance. Its role against carcinogenesis can be attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties due to the presence of ingredients like C-Phycocyanin, ?-Carotene, Calcium Spirulan, Linoleic and Linolenic acids. Spirulina extracts were shown to enhance endonuclease activity, DNA repair and induction of apoptosis in cells. Some studies also reported myelosuppression and enhanced immune function. Murine studies indicated there was a possibility of reversing the mechanism of carcinogenesis, particularly in oral, stomach, breast and skin cancers as well as in doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide and DBMA-induced tumours. Spirulina also appeared to reduce cardio-, nephro- and hepato-toxicity in rodents. The chemo and radioprotective effect of Spirulina was also observed in various carcinogenic human cell lines. The C-phycocyanin component was shown to induce apoptosis in HeLa cells in vitro. Commercially available Spirulina is administered as an adjunct to chemotherapy. The evidence of effectiveness of Spirulina in cancer is extremely limited as far as the clinical trials are concerned. The Spirulina studies conducted on various types of carcinogenesis show a degree of similitude but are in a haphazard state. The current anatomization is an attempt on part of the authors to coalesce all the contemporaneous data and create a systematic review.
Perencanaan Strategis Sistem Informasi Menggunakan Metode Ward and Peppard di Pengadilan Negeri Salatiga Kelas 1B
Authors: Wijaya Deniek Gus , Manuputty Augie David
Published: August 2021

The Salatiga District Court Class 1B is a legal institution. Salatiga state courts used information systems in their business processes. The existence of an information system is a powerful weapon or tool in increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of business processes in agencies. However, the IS / IT in the Salatiga District Court has not worked optimally which causes the performance to be less effective so that it requires proper IS / IT strategic planning. This study uses the Ward and Peppard method with SWOT analysis techniques. The value chain will produce information system strategy recommendations for internal and external environmental analysis, and information system application recommendation. The purpose of this research is to provide recommendations for IS / IT-related problems through strategic planning of information systems to identify IS / IT in the Salatiga District Court and to analyze IS / IT that can be used in the future to achieve an effective and efficient performance.
Perencanaan Strategi SI/TI menggunakan metode Ward and Peppard (Studi Kasus: Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Kabupaten Bengkayang)
Authors: Ayu Oktaviana , Wijaya Agustinus Fritz
Published: August 2021

Sistem Informasi merupakan sebuah keterkaitan antara manusia, prosedur, serta penggunaan teknologi yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan, mengolah, menyimpan, menyebarkan dan menyajikan informasi yang digunakan oleh suatu proses bisnis dalam organisasi. Tujuan penulisan adalah peneliti dapat menghasilkan perencanaan strategis sistem informasi di Dinas Pendidiikan dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Bengkayang. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif. Perencanaan strategis SI / TI Disdikbud Kab. Bengkayang dilakukan dengan metode Ward and Peppard, tahapannya antara lain menganalisis lingkungan bisnis internal dan eksternal organisasi, menganalisis SI / TI internal dan eksternal organisasi, dilanjutkan dengan proses penentuan strategi dan merancang portofolio. Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Kab. Bengkayang saat ini penerapan SI/TI nya belum maksimal dan masih terdapat beberapa kekurangan dalam pemanfaatan SI / TI pada Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan yang perlu dikembangkan dan diimplementasikan untuk membantu kemajuan. Perlu merancang strategi dalam proses bisnis untuk bersaing atau mendapatkan peluang dan memperbaiki kondisi. Dengan strategi yang baik dan matang, rencana siap menghadapi persaingan dan tantangan.
U.S. AI Summer Camps
Authors: Perkins Claire , Goode Kayla
Published: August 2021

Summer camps are an integral part of many U.S. students’ education, but little is known about camps that focus on artificial intelligence education. This data brief maps out the AI summer camp landscape in the United States and explores the camps’ locations, target age ranges, price, and hosting organization type.
Transformation of Polish ICT Enterprises after the COVID 19
Authors: JASIŃSKA Katarzyna
Published: August 2021

The COVID-19 epidemic has disrupted the development of the global economy. Virtually all sectors experienced a negative impact, which forced the transformation of many enterprises. In the case of the ICT sector, new environmental conditions pose a threat but also a development perspective, which forces ICT enterprises to introduce cross-cutting changes within their activities. These changes are not limited to the ICT sector but affect other economic sectors.