bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENINGKATAN MUTU PEMERIKSAAN DI LABORATORIUM KLINIK RUMAH SAKIT
Authors: Kahar Hartono
Published: October 2018

Clinicians always needs the results of clinical laboratory with quality assurance. The performance of good quality laboratory depends on pre-analytic, analytic as well as post analytic processes. It is also influenced by reagents and methods types as well as personal laboratory work. The goal of laboratory examinations quality runs between QMS, or Five Q's, which consist of: Quality planning, laboratory practice, control, and assurance and Quality improvement. The quality laboratory examinations depend on the accuracy and precision results.
OLD PEOPLE AND DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Hardjoeno Hardjoeno
Published: October 2018

Menjadi tua adalah proses mengembangkan hidup yang berkaitan dengan kumpulan perubahan yang di orang lanjut usia (lansia)dapat meningkatkan resiko kematian. Sindroma metabolik merupakan salah satu perubahan tersebut yang dikenal secara klinis danhasil laboratorik yaitu obesitas, hipertensi, intoleransi glukosa, dislipidemia, proinflammatory dan prothrombotic state. Hal ini dapatmeningkatkan prevalensi diabetes mellitus tipe 2 (T2DM) dan komplikasinya. Karena banyak kasus DM tidak terdiagnosis, penyaringan(skrining) yang diikuti pencegahan dan penatalaksanaan sangat diperlukan. Menyaring (skrining) orang lanjut usia dengan satu ataulebih komponen sindroma metabolik yang belum terdiagnosis DM dengan menilai glukosa darah puasa dan dua jam sesudah bebanuntuk diagnosis DM dan resiko kematiannya. Penyaringan (skrining) dilakukan di 1080 lansia umur 50 tahun atau lebih di Makassaryang diduga DM dengan tes glukosa plasma puasa dan dua jam sesudah beban, kemudian dinilai menurut klasifikasi WHO 1998.Dari 1080 pasien yang terdiri atas 560 (51,85%) laki-laki dan 520 (48,15%) perempuan, ditemukan DM, 420 (38,89%) denganglukosa plasma puasa ï‚³ 126 mg/dl, 425 (39,35%) dengan 2 jam sesudah beban glukosa ï‚³ 200 mg/dl dan 517 (47,87%) denganglukosa plasma puasa ï‚³ 126 mg/dl serta 2 jam sesudah beban ï‚³ 200 mg/dl. Satu atau lebih komponen sindroma metabolik orangtua merupakan biomarker atau prediktor untuk T2DM dan PJV. Pemeriksaan kesehatan secara reguler atau sedikitnya tes gula darahpuasa dan 2 jam sesudah beban glukosa di orang tua perlu dilakukan dan termasuk dalam sistem asuransi kesehatan. Diagnosis dinidiabetes dan penatalaksanaannya berarti mengurangi komplikasi, cacat, kematian maupun pembiayaan.
ABORTUS HABITUALIS PADA ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME
Authors: Kalalo L P. , Darmadi S. , Dachlan E. G.
Published: October 2018

A 30 year old woman, complaining no menstruation for 5 months and had abortion history about 5 times, was admitted to the Dr.Soetomo Hospital outpatient unit. She was then diagnosed of antiphospholipid syndrome on pregnancy. The diagnosis was erected bythe presence of aborts habitualis as a clinical criterion, and the finding of IgG anticardiolipin antibody in two times examination withinterval 9 weeks as laboratory criteria. The criteria were relevant to The International consensus for APS classification (InternationalWorkshop 1999) as well. The patient had lack of financial support so she was just treated with ASA (acetyl salicylic acid), roborantia,and tocolitic-nifedipin or alilestrenol whenever they are needed. These medications were administered until the baby was delivered bysectio caecarea (healthy and normal baby).
POLA DAN SENSITIVITAS KUMAN DI PENDERITA INFEKSI SALURAN KEMIH
Authors: Samirah Samirah , Darwati Darwati , Windarwati Windarwati , Hardjoeno Hardjoeno
Published: October 2018

The bacterial and sensitivity pattern towards antimicrobials on urinary tract infections (UTI) patients are very important to beknown by clinicians to get a successful treatment. The bacterial and sensitivity pattern towards antimicrobials will be changed in differentplace and time, so that those should be analyzed routinely. To evaluate the bacterial and antimicrobials resistance pattern on urinarytract infections patients. A retrospective study on 220 urinary samples in January until December 2004 at Clinical Microbiology subunit of Dr.Wahidin Sudirohusodo hospital . Of 99 samples of UTI, Prevalence of UTI in woman (54.5%) were higher than man (45.5%).Most of sample (28 samples) were found in 0 to 15 years group. The most bacteries in urine were Escherichia coli (39.4%) and Klebsiella(26.3%). Amikacin was sensitive to all bacteries, while amoxicilin and ampicilin were resistance. Prevalence of UTI in women werehigher than in men. Incidens of UTI was highest in children group. The most bacteries in urine samples were Escherichia coli. Amikacinwas sensitive to all bacteries, while Amoxicilin and Ampicilin were resistance.
DIAGNOSIS SEPSIS MENGGUNAKAN PROCALCITONIN
Authors: Buchori Buchori , Prihatini Prihatini
Published: October 2018

Sepsis can be difficult to distinguish from non-infections conditions in critically ill patients with clinical signs of inflammation.Diagnosis of sepsis by conventional methods (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP) are difficult to be confirmed. Procalcitonin (PCT)was found in 1990s, which number was enhanced in bacterial and fungi infections. Procalcitonin (PCT) is calcitonin (PCT) prohormonwhich presence increasing in sepsis and severe diseases. Procalcitonin (PCT) can be measured in serum and plasma by immunolometricmethods (immunoassay). The process needs 30 minutes to 1.5 hours depends on the selected method. It can be hope in the future,that methods of Procalcitonin (PCT) measurement can used as a means for early sepsis detection and can distinguish between systemicinfection and acute inflammatory disease.
HITUNG KOLONI Candida Albicans DI TINJA ANAK GANGGUAN AUTISM SPECTRUM
Authors: Herawati R , Parwati I , Sjahid I , Rita C.
Published: October 2018

Candida albicans is part of the normal flora of the digestive tract, however in immunocompromised host can cause opportunisticinfection. According to Shaw's case series study in North Carolina USA, colonization of C. albicans is increased in autism spectrumdisorders (ASD) patients. C. albicans is a dimorphism fungus, the yeast phase is grown at 37 °C and the mould phase is grown at roomtemperature. The aim of this study was to compare C. albicans colony count in stools of ASD patients and normal children, and to findcorrelation between C. albicans colony count and state of ASD. A cross sectional study was conducted from December 2004 to March 2005on 50 ASD patients and 50 normal children as controls. Diagnosis of ASD was based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of MentalDisorders (DSM) IV criteria. The range of age in both groups was 2 to 6 years old. Stool specimens were collected in Sachs transportmedia. All specimens were examined in the Division of Infectious and Tropical Medicine, Department of Clinical Pathology RSHS/FKUPBandung. The specimens were examined microscopically and cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar incubated at room temperature and37 °C. The colonies were interpreted in colony forming unit (CFU). The C. albicans was identified by colony microscopic examinationand germ tube test. The differences of C. albicans colony count between ASD and normal subject were analyzed by t-test. Correlationbetween colony count C. albicans and ASD state was analyzed using point biserial correlation. Of 50 subjects, 14 (28%) were diagnosedas pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) and 36 (72%) were diagnosed as autistic disorders. There wereno significant statistical differences between ASD and normal subjects in age, sex, and nutritional status (p > 0.05). A significantcorrelation between direct microscopy and the result of Candida colony count was found (p = 0.0000). We did not find a significantdifference between the two temperature of incubations (p = 0.390). Mean of C. albicans colony count in normal subjects was 4 CFU.In contrast, the mean of C. albicans colony count in ASD subjects was 39 CFU. The mean C. albicans colony count in ASD subjects wassignificantly higher than normal subject (p = 0.012). There was a significant correlation between C. albicans colony count and the stateof ASD (Rpb0.253372; p = 0.0106) : C. albicans colony count from stool of ASD subjects was significantly higher than normal subjects.We also found a significant correlation between C. albicans colony count and the state of ASD
NILAI SMALL DENSE LDL REMAJA DAN KAITANNYA DENGAN LIPID LAINNYA
Authors: Nurahmi Nurahami , Aprianti S , Arif M. , Hardjoeno Hardjoeno
Published: October 2018

In Indonesia, coronary heart disease (CHD) as the cause of death is still the highest in number. It is estimated that the numberof deaths is about 535 per 100.000 population. Atherosclerosis represents the main risk factor which could be predicted through thepresence of small dense LDL (sdLDL) in youngsters. To determine the value of sdLDL in youngsters and its correlation with other lipids,a study was conducted cross sectionally in Makassar, from January to August 2006, on 125 youngsters aged 15 to 19 years. Their totalcholesterol, HDL, LDL, TG and ApoB was determined and sdLDL was derived from calculation of LDL/apoB â‰¤ 1.2. 69 (55.20%) patientsshowed sdLDL value and 56 (44.8%) patients did not show sdLDL value. Statistical calculation showed a significant correlation betweensdLDL and HDL level (p = 0.001), sdLDL and TG level (p = 0.003), and sdLDL and ApoB level (p = 0.036). Percentage of sdLDL valuewas higher in youngsters aged 15 to 19. This proves that the process of atherosclerosis happened early at a young age. Showed by theexistence of sdLDL and therefore sdLDL could be used as a predictor of atherosclerosis which can be prevented if detected earlier.
PROFIL LIPID PENDERITA DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE 2 P
Authors: Josten S , Mutmainnah Mutmainnah , Hardjoeno Hardjoeno
Published: October 2018

Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) tends to increasing worldwide. The main cause of death in type 2 DM is coronaryheart disease (CHD) and its mortality rate can increase 2 to 4 times compared to non-diabetics. One of the risk factors in CHD isdyslipidemia. To know the lipid profile based on age and gender and to assess the relation of total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and TG levelto age. Descriptive retrospective study in patients with type 2 DM who are 45 years old and over. From 100 Type 2 DM patients, in theDepartment of Internal Medicine, Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, period of June to December 2005, the largest age groupwith dyslipidemia was > 59 years old, with increase LDL level, 32.73% in males and 46.67% in females. There was a significant relationbetween the in crease of TG (p = 0.03) and the decrease of HDL (p = 0.02) with age. Dyslipidemia in type 2 DM patients at age group> 59 years old was shown by an increase in LDL level. The increase of TG and decrease of HDL level were significant in all age groups.Restriction of this study was not to check the antilipidemic medicine used. Early dyslipidemia of Type 2 DM should be known by lipidfraction determination and further dyslipidemia study should be conducted to predict the risk of CHD.
SKLEROSIS SISTEMIK (SKLERODERMA) TERBATAS PADA SEORANG ANAK LAKI-LAKI
Authors: Tobing M. , Darmadi S. , Yuliasih Yuliasih
Published: October 2018

Systemic Sclerosis is a chronic disorder characterized by diffuse fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. The cause of systemicsclerosis is unknown, but immune responses against unknown antigens have been implicated. Symptoms usually appear in the thirdto fifth decades, and women are affected three times more frequent than men. A 13 year old boy presented with hardening of left legskin since 1 year before admittance. He was unable to both hands. The laboratory results showed slighty decreased hemoglobin, normalleucocytes and platelets, increased ESR, normal kidney and liver function tests, positive ANA test (weak), negative ENA and anti Scl-70.Other examination results showed normal X-Ray, Esophagogram, Schirmer test. Thyroid function test showed an euthyroid state. SystemicSclerosis is established based on history of illness, physical examination and laboratory tests. ESR and CRP are increased in systemicsclerosis. Anemia in scleroderma can be due to various causes such as chronic disease, iron deficiency by gastrointestinal bleeding, B12deficiency and folic acid deficiency. ANA test (IIF Hep-2) is positive in 60 –90%. Specific autoantibodies are Scl-70 and anticentromer.The anti Scl-70 can be used for prognosis.
ANALISIS KADAR ALBUMIN SERUM DENGAN RASIO DE RITIS PADA PENDERITA HEPATITIS B
Authors: Lopa AT. , Rusli B. , Arif M. , Hardjoeno Hardjoeno
Published: October 2018

Hepatitis is a inflammation process which may present in an acute or chronic phase. A decrease of serum albumin level may befound in liver disease. Ratio de Ritis in mild hepatitis is < 1 while in alcoholic hepatitis is >1. To analyze serum albumin level withratio de Ritis in hepatitis B patients. A cross sectional study was carried out comprising 46 subjects from October 2005 to August 2006measuring albumin level SGOT and SGPT levels using Lyasis autoanalyzer. Thirty eight males and eight females, the level of serumalbumin decreased with an average of albumin level 2.98 gr/dL (p<0.05). Twenty two subjects showed a ratio de Ritis â‰¤ 1 with theaverage albumin level 3.00 gr/dL and 24 subjects were included in group ratio de Ritis > 1 with average albumin level 2.96 gr/dL(p value = 0.658). There was a decrease of serum albumin level in hepatitis B patient but no significant difference between decrease ofserum albumin level with ratio of de Ritis â‰¤ 1 and ratio of de Ritis >1.
sUrVEI tUrN ArOUND tIME PADA PELAYANAN LABORATORIUM
Authors: Rosita Linda , Sianipar O
Published: October 2018

Turn Around Time (TAT) is time analysis check the laboratory started by since acceptance sampel still result and inclusive of result which have validated marked with the signature of laboratory doctor. TAT represents the important shares from medical service promisedTAT represents the important shares from medical service promised by laboratory party. Evaluate the TAT started from analysis to equipment of admission filling of request form of inspection laboratory.Evaluate the stuffing of request form met from the condition of sampel and telephone number which can be contacted nothing that filled. sampel and telephone number which can be contacted nothing that filled. and telephone number which can be contacted nothing that filled. TAT of better outpatient from at TAT of at patients take care. The monitoring of TAT shall have the character of the continue and ableThe monitoring of TAT shall have the character of the continue and able to give the feed back so that quality of good laboratory service progressively.
PREDIKSI JUMLAH SEL LIMFOSIT T CD4+ MENGGUNAKAN NILAI TLC (TOTAL LYMPHOCYTE COUNT) PADA PENDERITA HIV/AIDS
Authors: Rostina Rostina , Aprianti Suci , Arif Mansyur
Published: October 2018

AIDS is a severe disease caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) that affects patient's immune system, especially CD4+ Tcells (CD4). Hence, CD4 count is used as parameter to starting ARV treatment or monitoring the progress of the disease. However, themeasurement of CD4 is expensive and available in big hospitals. In small or remote hospitals there are no means to measure the CD4.Some studies suggest that in an area where CD4 count is unavailable, the total lymphocyte count (TLC) of HIV/AIDS patients can roughlybe used to predict CD4 values. This study is aimed to see whether the TLC values can be used to roughly predict the CD4 count of HIV/AIDS patients and to formulate the correlation form between them. A cross sectional study design was applied to 79 blood samples ofHIV/AIDS patients from Clinical Pathology Laboratory of Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital from January to September 2007. The bloodsamples were tested for TLC as well as CD4 values. The correlation of TLC and CD4 values was tested with Pearson Correlation Test andthe correlation formula was derived from curve estimation of Regression Analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of various cutpoint of TLC (1000, 1200, 1500, 2000) to predict CD4 < 200/ul were determined using cross tabulation Fisher Exact Test. A positivecorrelation was found between TLC and CD4 count (R = 0.528, p < 0.001) with the regression formula is CD4 = 0.09TLC – 1.42.The WHO standard cut point TLC1200/ul give best result for sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV: 80.6%, 91.7%, 98.2% and 45.8%,respectively. The cut point of TLC1200 can be used to roughly predict CD4 < 200/ul of HIV/AIDS patients, so, can be use as a mark forstarting ARV therapy in the place were measurement of CD4 is unavailable
MUTANT HBV INFECTION ON aa143 (T143S)
Authors: Z Arthamin Maimun
Published: October 2018

Lebih dari satu dasawarsa lalu, segi penting mutan virus hepatitis B (HBV) telah teralihkan dari sejumlah kenyataan teoriyang tidak diketahui menjadi faktor untuk dipertimbangkan saat mendiagnosis penyakit. Laporan mutan virus hepatitis B (HBsAg)dalam petentu "suatu” telah diperkenalkan. Mutan diisolasi dari penderita seorang laki-laki tanpa gejala berumur 25 tahun, yangditemukan positif HBsAg tetap, positif untuk antibodi permukaan anti-hepatitis B(anti-HBs) dan negatif untuk kedua penutuplengkap virus hepatitis B antigen (HbeAg) serta penutup lengkap anti-hepatitis B antibodi (anti-HBe). Reaksi rantai polimerase danurutannya dilakukan serta memperlihatkan genotipe C jenis turunan (subtype) adrq+. Hasil urutan DNA di kawasan "suatu” petentumemperlihatkan adanya mutasi di aa143 (T143S). Yang disajikan ini adalah kasus HBsAg mutan di aa143 (T143S). Sebab "suatu”petentu menunjukkan kawasan imunodominan HBsAg, perubahan sisa dalam "suatu” petentu menjadikan daya antigen merangsangpembentukan zat anti.
ANEMIA KEKURANGAN (DEFISIENSI) ZAT BESI BAYI
Authors: Amelda Aida , Maani Hanifah
Published: October 2018

Anemia usually happened in childhood. Babies 6–12 years old as are those group that are sensitive to iron deficiency anemia (IDA)Hemoglobin is a mean corpuscular volume (MCV), red-cell distribution width (RDW) examination with blood film evaluation that canbe used to screen IDA, especially in high risk babies. This study was carried out by the cross sectional method in healthy babies 6-12years old in Padang city, on November 2006 until January 2007. They were examined in the Clinical Pathology Laboratory of Dr. MDjamil hospital Padang. The samples consisted of 2 ml venous blood EDTA and laboratory examinations. The results were Hb, MCV,and RDW with ABX micros 60. Also blood film evaluation if Hb were 11g/dL. The means of Hb, MCV and RDW were 11.1 ± 1.07 g/dL,71.7 ± 4.70 fl and 14. 2 ± 1.37%. In 62 (45.9%) babies were anemic as a result of IDA examination and the rest of 33 babies (532%) the blood film were normocytic normochromic 49% and normocytic hypochromic (+), mild anisocytosis 51%. In Padang city theIDA examination in 6-12 years old babies were high frequencies in grade I and II by blood film method
MIKROALBUMIN AIR KEMIH (URIN) PASIEN DM TIPE 2
Authors: Wahyuni Emmy , Budiwiyono Imam
Published: October 2018

Diabetic Nephropathy is one of several chronic complication of type 2 DM that could lead to end stage renal disease (ESRD). In type2 DM patients, about 85% of ESRD caused by diabetic nephropathy. Persistent microalbuminuria can be predictor for nephropathy. Earlydetection of microalbuminuria could be useful in improving an aggressive treatment to avoid ESRD and other macrovasculer disorder intype 2 DM patients. The purpose of this study was to describe the microalbuminuria profile in type 2 DM patients. A cross sectional studywas taken on 21 type 2 DM patients. Data were analyzed by descriptive analyzed (distribution, frequency, mean, standard deviation, ttest). P value < 0.05 was considered significant. This study reveals that frequency microalbuminuria was 78.9%. There was no differentage between microalbuminuria and normoalbuminuria. Duration of diabetes in microalbuminuria patients were more longer. Themean time is 45.3 (41) months and normoalbuminuria 36(16) months. The systolic and diastolic pressure in microlabuminuria washigher than normoalbuminuria. The body mass index between microalbuminurian and normoalbuminuria (P < 0.05) was significantlydifferent. In patient with microalbuminuria the mean of HbA1c value was 7.9(2.5) and in normoalbuminuria patient it was 9(1.8).There were no significant different of lipid profile between both samples. In this study was only found significantly different of body massindex between microalbuminuria and normoalbuminuria patients.
PERHITUNGAN JUMLAH SEL CD4 DENGAN SEROPOSITIF IgM HERPES SIMPLEKS TIPE-2 DI PASIEN HIV
Authors: Bermawi Bastiana , K Endang Retnowati , Triyono Erwin A
Published: October 2018

Herpes simplex type-2 (HSV-2) infection is usually transmitted sexually and can cause recurrent, painful genital ulcers. Seropositivityof IgM HSV-2 indicates acute infection of HSV-2. The low level of CD4 cell counts can lead to opportunistic infection in HIV patients.Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the association between CD4 cell counts and HSV-2 infection (based on seropositivity ofIgM HSV-2) in HIV patients with heterosexual risk factor in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya. Specimens were collected during the firstpresentation on June and July 2008. HSV-2 IgM and was assessed by an ELISA technique using Herpelisa 2 IgM (recombinant) reagent,whereas CD4 cell counts was assessed by a Flowcytometry BD FACSCaliburTM System. The seropositivity of IgM HSV-2 in HIV persons18 years of age or older was 27.3% (9/33). Median CD4 cell counts the number were 50 cells in Î¼l. Persons with seropositive HSV-2who had CD4 cell counts < 200 cells/Î¼L and > 200 cells/Î¼L were 66.6% (6/9) and 33.3% (3/9), respectively. Using chi square test,there was no association between CD4 cell counts and seropositivity of IgM HSV-2 in HIV patients. The seropositivity of IgM HSV-2 inHIV patients with heterosexual risk factor in Dr. Soetomo Hospital was 27.3%. There was no association between CD4 cell counts andthe seropositivity of IgM HSV-2 in HIV patients with heterosexual risk factor.
PENETAPAN TARIF PEMERIKSAAN LABORATORIUM PATOLOGI KLINIK BERDASARKAN METODA JAROS ML
Authors: I Maria , P Diah , . Tahono
Published: October 2018

A hospital as an institution of public health assistance expected to extend comprehensive service and complex appropriate around public demand, capable of sophisticated laboratory examination with achievable cost. To be successful in the financial management of thelaboratory, we must be able to identify and categorize costs, understand the relationship between revenue and reimbursement, becomefamiliar with the budget process and use financial ratios and information to make sound decisions. Cost per test laboratory examinationsare needed to determine the real costs, cost information, and to appraise examination efficiency and budget. Laboratory costing per testbased on Jaros ML method demonstrates various ways to determine the cost of a test and how to establish its charge. The greater thedemand laboratory tests per month, the lower the cost per reportable result (CPRR) and the greater the efficiency of laboratory test.
NILAI DIAGNOSTIK MALARIA ANTIGEN CASSETTE PENYAKIT MALARIA
Authors: . Binawati , . Prihatini , Probohoesodo M.Y
Published: October 2018

Malaria is an endemic disease in many countries. In 103 endemic countries with around 2.5 billion population, 1âˆ’3 million death cases were reported every year. Clinical criteria and blood smear established the diagnosis of malaria. ICT (imuno chromatographytest) is needed in peripheral areas where there are no experienced laboratory technicians. The procedure is simple, practical, easy, aswell as quicker than the conventional method, and no experienced technicians are needed this ICT advantages. The aim of this study isto know the diagnostic value of Malaria Antigen Cassette with microscopic examination as the gold standard examination of malaria.This research used observational cross-sectional method This study was done in Nusa Tenggara Barat during Mayâˆ’June 2008. Bloodsamples were taken by finger prick in patients with Malaria symptoms: fever, chill and sweating, followed by examining the blood smearby Malaria Antigen Cassette from Focus Diagnostic. The diagnostic value was then evaluated by calculating the sensitivity, specificity,positive predictive value as well as the negative predictive value. The diagnostic value of Malaria Antigen Cassette in patients withmalaria falciparum was found as follows: sensitivity 95.2%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100%, and negative predictivevalue 97.6%. The diagnostic value of Malaria Antigen Cassette in patients other types than malaria falciparum was as follows: sensitivity94.8%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100%, and negative predictive value 95.3%. The diagnostic value of Malaria AntigenCassette was very high in diagnosing malaria falciparum compared to other types than malaria falciparum.
ANALISIS KADAR ASAM URAT PADA PASIEN KARSINOMA MAMMA
Authors: Sevianty Susi , Bahrun Uleng , Arif Mansyur
Published: October 2018

In malignancy cases, an increase of uric acid level is often observed after therapy (Tumor Lysis Syndrome), but some studies also indicated an increase before therapy which is related to a refusal reaction against tumor, and specific only for certain malignancy cases.Carsinoma mammae is the second most common malignancy among women in Indonesia, so that studying the phenomenon occurredin carcinoma mammae including uric acid level are expected to provide insight in management of carcinoma mammae. A longitudinalstudy was conducted by collecting secondary data from medical record of carcinoma mammae patients in Wahidin SudirohusodoHospital for period of July 2007–June 2008. Data were analyzed by using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with alpha 0.05. 12 of subjectsare considered eligible for study criteria, with the age ranging from 28–60 years old. In generally, uric acid level determined beforeand after chemotherapy showed a level in normal range, except for 3 samples before therapy and 3 different samples after therapyshowed a level more than 5.7 mg/dL. Statistic result showed mean uric acid level before chemotherapy was 4.508 ± 1.2566 mg/dL andafter chemotherapy was 5.025 ± 1.3240 mg/dL (p = 0.16). Increased of uric acid level is not significant level was found in serum ofcarcinoma mammae before and after chemotherapy.
EVALUASI AKTIVITAS TRANSAMINASE, DAN KADAR BILIRUBIN PADA PENDERITA VIRUS HEPATITIS B DAN C
Authors: . Yosepin , Rusli Benny , . Hardjoeno
Published: October 2018

Hepatitis virus replicates only in hepatocyte. In hepatocyte injury, transaminase enzymes which normally intracellularly will transform to the blood circulation. And there are variation of increasing transaminase activities in HBV and HCV. To evaluatetransaminase activities, and bilirubin level in patients with HBV and HCV. Study design was cross sectional of 76 patients with HBVand HCV, data from medical record at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, from January 2006 until July 2008 period. Datawas analyzed with Mann Whitney test using SPSS. windows versi on 12. of 76 patients with HBV and HCV were found 59 Men and 17women, age 15–72 years old. In there were no statistical significance between transaminase activites, bilirubin direct,indirect (p > 0.05),but there was significance difference of total bilirubin between HBV and HCV (p < 0.05). There were no statistical difference of AST,ALT, bilirubin direct and bilirubin indirect between HBV and HCV. Injury hepatocelluler because of HBV and HCV can not be identifiedjust by transaminase activities and bilirubin level, but there are other factor that influence.
POLA KETAHANAN (RESISTEN) DAN KEPEKAAN (SENSITIVITAS) KUMAN TERHADAP ANTIMIKROBA
Authors: Tallulembang Y F , Sennang Nurhayana , Rusli Benny
Published: October 2018

In the developing countries including Indonesia, there still have problems with infectious diseases. Generally the hospitalized patientsin the Surgery section through have antimicrobial therapy. The treatment is intended to prevent nosocomial infection that usually foundin overnight treatment patients at the department of surgery. This study is carried out to know the pattern of micro-organism's resistanceand sensitivity against various antimicrobial at department of surgery, Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital Makassar, January–June2008. A descriptive study of retrospectively collective data was carried out on 160 specimens by sensitivity test at the department ofsurgery, Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar Hospital, started from January up to June 2008. The five common bacterial found in thisstudy where Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter agglomerans, Staphylococcus saprophytic and Escherichiacoli. The sensitive antimicrobial drugs found where Vancomicin, Sulbactam/Cepoperazone, Cefepim, Gentamicin, Ceftazidim, Novobiocin,followed by the resistance antimicrobial were Methicillin, Tetracycline, Cefuroxim, Erythromycin, and Doxyciclin. The most bacterial typefound was Klebsiella pneumoniae, the most sensitive antimicrobial was Vancomicin and the most resistances were Methicillin.
ANALISIS EOSINOFIL DARAH TERKAIT RADANG SEL GINJAL AKUT/ NEFRITIS INTERSTISIAL AKUT (NIA)
Authors: Lebang Yedid , Yanti Wibawa Sulina , Arif Mansyur
Published: October 2018

Acute Interstitial Nephritis (AIN) is the main cause of acute renal failure because of hypersensitivity to many antibiotics and otherdrugs that potent to induce allergic response in renal interstitial tissue. Gold standard for AIN diagnosis upheld from clinical sign,laboratory, USG, Gallium renal tests and renal biopsy. A cross sectional study was carried out among 120 (AIN) patients and none (AIN)from the Paediatrics and Internal Medicine Department Wahidin Sudirohusodo hospital from June until September 2008. Eosinophilcount was performed using haematology auto analyser. The data was analyzed by Mann-Whitney test using SPPS for windows. Thetotal 120 samples consisted of 60 samples of AIN and 60 samples Non AIN were included in this study. Mean eosinophil in AIN 4. 9 %and non AIN 3. 1%. There were statistical difference of eosinophil level between AIN and non AIN with p < 0. 00. Eosinophil level canbe used to differentiated between AIN and non AIN in conjunction to the clinical sign.
Immature to Total Neutrophil (I/T) Ratio sebagai penunjang Diagnosis Sepsis Neonatorum
Authors: Bastiana Bastiana , Aryati Aryati , Iriani Yulia
Published: October 2018

Early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis plays an important role in the management of patients. Blood culture, currently used as thegold standard, has several limitations such as time consuming and low positive rate. For this reason, a rapid and accurate diagnosticmethod is required. Manual differential count is a practical, inexpensive method and can support the diagnosis of bacterial infections.A shift to the left in differential white count with a raised immature neutrophil count has been documented in patients with bacterialinfections. This led to the use of I/T ratio as a indicator towards bacterial infections. The aim of this study is to obtain the diagnosticvalue of I/T ratio in diagnosing neonatal sepsis. The study was a prospective and cross-sectional. The subjects were enrolled consecutively,consisting of newborn babies (from birth to 30-days old) admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of the Dr. SoetomoHospital, Surabaya. Forty and three samples, consisting of 13 sepsis samples and 30 nonsepsis as controls samples were examined. I/Tratio are a ratio between immature neutrophils against total neutrophils in blood smear preparation. For the determination of the whitecell differential count, a total of 100 white cells (granulocytes) were counted. I/T ratio > 0.2 showed an abnormality that suggestaninfection process occur. Blood smear evaluations were done by three (3) independent observers. The result from three (3) observerswere as follows: sensitivity and specificity of I/T ratio in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis were 69.2%, 92.3%, 61.5% and 50%, 50%,63.3%, respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 37.50%, 44.44%, 42.10% and 78.94%, 93.75%, 79.16%, respectively.According to Cochran test there was no difference found between the 3 observers (p = 0.086). However, using Kappa test no agreementbetween I/T ratio and sepsis (p = 0.051) differences were found. from this study so far, the value in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis theI/T ratio showed a low diagnostic.
DETEKSI MOLEKUL MUTASI GEN rpoB MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULO SIS PADA DAHAK DENGAN POL YME RASE CHAIN REACTION DAN SINGLE STRAND CONFORMATION POLYMORPHISM
Authors: Notopuro P B , Nugraha J , Notopuro H
Published: October 2018

Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease which is found in the developing as well as the developed country. This disease is oneof the community health problems which become the priority programs in the national as well as international health. In the lasttwo decades, they can be found in the emergency tuberculosis problems that is related with the Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) Strain.The detection of rifampicin resistance in M. tuberculosis infection can help clinical laboratory to find the MDR strain. Related to thisproblem the proportional culture method is still the gold standard for rifampicin resistance detection for M. tuberculosis infection. Butthis method needs 4âˆ’6 weeks to obtain the result, while its sensitivity is not very high. The development of the molecular detection forM. tuberculosis rifampicin resistance in a direct clinical specimen such as sputum, cerebrospinalfLuid, etc. will give an improvement inthe diagnosis, because it has an accurate, fast, sensitive and a specific result. Isolates from twenty six of M. tuberculosis derived fromthe sputum of tuberculosis patients that have failed the tuberculosis treatment, were examined with the proportional culture method.In this study PCR-SSCP were used for the molecular detection of rifampicin resistancy using direct sputum samples. The proportionalculture method was used as a gold standard for the rifampicin resistance detection. A set of primers was directed to conserve the regionof rpoB gene of M. tubercuLosis. This RNA polymerase gene was encondes?, which is bound on rifampicin. A 157-bp fragment wasamplified by PCR and analyzed by SSCP technique. The sensitivity of PCR-SSCP is 80% (high), its specificity is 95.2% (very high), thepositive predictive value is 80% and the negative predictive value is 95.2%. Statistically there were no significant difference between theresult of PCR-SSCP and the proportional culture method. Based on the study result, the molecular detection technique for rifampicinresistance on M. tuberculosis infection can be used as the screening device /means for Multi Drug Resistance Tuberculosis (MDR-TB),while the clinician waits the culure result.
PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIKA BAGI PENDERITA BALITA PNEUMONIA
Authors: Dewi DAP. Rasmika , Swastini Dewa Ayu
Published: October 2018

Pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality of children under 5 years old (toddlers). The number of antibiotics use as a therapeutic treatment of pneumonia has caused bacterial resistance, medicinal side effect, and increasing medication cost. Thisresearch was carried out intended to know the relationship between antibiotic regimens used for pneumonia therapy and the outcome ofparameters, such as body temperature and respiratory rate (RR), as well as the length of stay. This study is carried out in a retrospectivedescriptive design, using pneumonia patient's medical record (children under 5 years old), during the period from the 1December 2008. It was shown in this study that the dose of antibiotics given to pneumonia children under 5 years old are in single,combination, and transition form. The single antibiotics most widely used is Cefotaxime (87.5%), and the combination is Ampicillin–Chloramphenicol (94.4%) while transitional is Ampicillin –Chloramphenicol to Cephalosporin group (58.3%). The use of antibiotics forpneumonia among children under five patients either single, combination, and transition was successful in obtaining therapy outcome,including decreasing body temperature from > 38° C to normal body temperature, is 36° C–38° C and decreasing RR value with theaverage length of stay for five (5) days. st January – 31st
FLAMING CELLS DI MULTIPLE MYELOMA
Authors: Kadir Nursin Abd. , E.R, Hj. Darmawaty , Arif Mansyur
Published: October 2018

Multiple myeloma is a type of cancer on plasma cells which are system of immune cells in bone marrow that produce antibodies. A47 years old man precented with an excruciatingly painfull bone lytic lesion acompanied with compressive fracture in his Thorakal XIIand first Lumbar vertebral body since a week ago. A complete blood count on admission showed anemia normocytic normocrom withhemoglobin content of 5.3 mg/dL. The blood smear revealed clumping of red blood cells to bound "Rouleaux formations". Serum proteinelectrophoresis showed specific evidence of a M-spike. Bence-Jones proteinuria was positive and serum kreatinin arised 2.44 mg/dL.The bone marrow aspiration contained 45% plasma cells, many of which exhibited the morphology of flaming cells with an eccentricnucleus and violaceous cytoplasm. Plasma cells varied in size and shape and included flaming cells and myeloma cells. The patient wasdiagnosed as having flaming cells in multiple myeloma stage IIIB.
THE DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF HEART-TYPE FATTY ACID BINDING PROTEIN (h-FABP) RAPID TEST RELATED TO CARDIAC TROPONIN I IN NON ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (NSTEMI)
Authors: Marpaung F.R. , Soehita SFHS Sidarti , Yogiarto Yogiarto , Yusri Yusri
Published: October 2018

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is caused by atherosclerotic plaque rupture and microembolization which lead to decreased oxygensupply into the myocardium. Generally, ACS includes an unstable angina (UA), non ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) andST elevation myocardial infarction. ACS may lead to ST elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) and finally a sudden death. Cardiactroponin is used routinely for diagnosing acute coronary syndrome (ACS); however, troponin is not elevated in the initial hours ofACS”precluding their usefulness in the early diagnosis. The aim of this study is to determine the diagnostic value of h-FABP Rapid testin relation to Cardiac Troponin I in NSTEMI. Seventy five patients with ACS were enrolled in this study. All patients presented symptomswithin six hours of the onset and suffered typical chest pain. Blood samples were obtained for rapid test h-FABP (cardiodetect) andTroponin I (tropospot). The h-FABP showed a 93.5% sensitivity, 95% CI: 81.1–98.3 and 82.8% specificity, 95% CI: 63.5–93.5, PositivePredictive Value 89.6%, 95% CI: 76.6–96.1, Negative Predictive Value 88.9%, 95% CI: 69.7–97.1, respectively in the first six hours.Troponin I had a 60.9% sensitivity, 95% CI: 45.4–74.5 and 96.6% specificity, 95% CI: 80.4–99.8, Positive Predictive Value 96.6%,95% CI: 80.4–99.8, Negative Predictive Value 60.9%, 95% CI: 45.4–74.5, respectively in the first six hours. Based on this study resulton patients with Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI), it is suggested to determine the h-FABP as well. For this purpose,point-of-care h-FABP test can be utilized, as it has the advantage of highly sensitivity and specificity, beside it can carry on a bedsidetesting and show a rapid test results as well.
PROKALSITONIN SEBAGAI PENANDA PEMBEDA INFEKSI BAKTERI DAN NON BAKTERI
Authors: Bastiana Bastiana , Aryati Aryati , Husada Dominicus , Probohoesodo M.Y.
Published: October 2018

Early diagnosis of an infection and prompt administration of an antibiotic can dramatically reduce morbidity and mortality.Procalcitonin (PCT), a precursor of calcitonin, has been proposed as a marker of bacterial infection. The aim of this study is to assess theefficiency of procalcitonin in children for the diagnosis of bacterial vs. non bacterial infection. This was a prospective, cross-sectional study.The subjects were enrolled consecutively, consisting of feverish children (temperature ³38.5° C) admitted to the Pediatric EmergencyDepartment with ages up to 12 years old. The subjects were divided into two groups according to their final diagnosis, bacterial and nonbacterial infection. Serum PCT concentration was measured by enzyme linked fluorescent assay (ELFA) method. Sensitivity, specificity,positive predictive and negative predictive values, and receiver operating curve (ROC) of PCT were calculated. Out of 54 patients,24 (44.4%) had a final diagnosis of bacterial infection. PCT showed a wide concentration range in the bacterial infection group (median:1.09 ng/mL, lower (L)=0.05 ng/mL, upper (U)=128.7 ng/mL) compared with non bacterial infection group (0.21 ng/mL; L=0.05ng/mL; U=12.15 ng/mL). There was a significant difference in PCT between the 2 groups (p=0.020). ROC analysis demonstrated anarea under curve (AUC) of 0.686 (95% CI, 0.534 to 0.838). Using a cut-off point of 0.5 ng/mL, the sensitivity, and specificity, positivepredictive and negative predictive values of PCT were 66.7%, 76.7%, 69.6%, 74.2%, respectively. In this study, PCT may be useful fordifferentiation of bacterial vs. non bacterial infection in children.
CREATINE KINASE MYOCARDIAL BAND, MYELOPEROXIDASE, MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-9 DAN TROPONIN T PADA IMA
Authors: Hutagalung IA , Patellongi I , Pakasi R , Arif M , Mappahya AA , . Hardjoeno
Published: October 2018

In many patients presenting with chest pain symptoms at the emergency room, cardiac markers are measured not only to detect acutemyocardial infarction (AMI) but to exclude them too. Presently, the only biochemical markers used for diagnosis of MI are creatine kinasemyocardial band (CKMB) and troponin T (cTnT) as the markers of myocardial necrosis. Other biochemical markers have been sought tofind marker which can reflect the important, upstream processes in the pathophysiology of MI that therefore might give an earlier signalof ongoing MI. These markers are myeloperoxidase (MPO) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as markers of plaque destabilization.The aim of this study was to analyze the CKMB, MPO, MMP-9 activityies and troponin T level in MI. A cross sectional study had beendone at the Cardiovascular Centre Unit and Internal Ward of Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital during April up to August 2010 period.The laboratory tests were done at the Clinical Pathology Laboratory of Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar and the Researchand Esoteric Unit of Prodia Clinical Laboratory, Jakarta. Ffifty-three patients with AMI had been examined. The results showed that themeans of CKMB, cTnT, MPO and MMP-9 were 52.4 U/L, 2.0 ng/mL, 217.9 ng/mL and 920.3 ng/mL, respectively. MMP-9 had positivelyvalue (69.8%) higher than cTnT (60.4%), MPO (58.5%) and CKMB (45.3%). Troponin T and MMP-9 were higher in patients with highCKMB. The higher level of CKMB will be the higher MPO, MMP-9 and cTnT. There were strong correlation between MPO and MMP-9, alsobetween CKMB and Troponin T. Troponin T and CKMB were lower in inferior wall infarction compared with anterolateral/anteroseptal wallinfarction. The most sensitive biochemical marker in patients with AMI is the MMP-9. The MMP-9 usage is suggested to assist the diagnosisof AMI. It is suggested a further study to establish the specificity of MMP-9 in all patients suffering with chest pain.
KORELASI ANTARA KADAR INTERFERON-Î³ PLASMA DENGAN JUMLAH VIRAL LOAD DI PENDERITA HIV
Authors: Indita Hermi , Retnowati Endang , Astha Triyono Erwin
Published: October 2018

The incidence of HIV is increasing in Indonesia and Asia as well, Indonesia is considered as the most rapid. One of the diagnostic toolsfor diagnosing HIV is by viral load. Lymphocyte T-CD8+ secreted IFN-Î³ will inhibit replication of HIV virus through the induction of antiviralprotein and the host immune response, which kills infected cells. An examination of plasma IFN-Î³ and viral load will be more convincingfor the treatment and/or to know the progressiveness of HIV & AIDS. The aim of this study is to know the correlation between plasma IFN-Î³and viral load in HIV patients. Forty two samples from HIV patients were collected at the Intermediate Care and Infectious Disease Unit ofDr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya from April to June 2011. The concentration of plasma IFN-Î³ was measured by ELISA (eBioscience) methodand the amount of viral load was measured using PCR Cobas Amplicor (Roche Diagnostics). The level of plasma IFN-Î³ in this study wasfound 11.4 pg/mL up to 576 pg/mL and the level of viral load was 589 copies/mL up to 510.000 copies/mL. The statistical analysis showedno significant correlation (p>0.05) between plasma IFN-Î³ level and viral load in HIV patients, and no correlation was found between IFN-Î³plasma and viral load in HIV patients.
PENDERITA DENGAN HEMOKROMATOSIS PRIMER
Authors: Mulyantari Kadek , Lestari A.A.Wiradewi , Subawa A.A.N. , Gede Oka Tjokorda , Djelantik Sudewa
Published: October 2018

Primary Hemochromatosis is a hereditary disease that occurs predominantly in man. Among men, clinical signs and symptomsfrequently appears on 40 years until more than 60 years of age. Meanwhile, the signs and symptoms among women appear on 50 yearsof age or after menopause. It is a very rare case in children or young adult. Secondary hemochromatosis can be differentiated fromprimary hemochromatosis based on existence of other underlying disease and secondary hemochromatosis often occurs in patient withmultiple blood transfusions. The diagnosis of primary hemochromatosis is confirmed by chromosomal test and liver biopsy to confirmthe liver damage caused by excessive iron accumulation. The main treatment of primary hemochromatosis is phlebotomy. The purposeof this method is to remove overload iron in body. In this case, the patient was man, unmarried, 51 years old, Australian. Four yearsago, he had complained about arthropathies, chronic asthenia, depression, decreased of concentration and sexual desire. Laboratoryevaluation revealed Ferritin level 2126 ug/L and transferrin saturation always more than 99%. Liver function tests also increasedsignificantly. Some of his family's members have the same disease as he has. He was diagnosed as primary hemochromatosis and hadperformed phlebotomy routinely. After phlebotomy has done, he recovered based on clinical and laboratorial findings.
PROTEINURIA DALAM STROK DISERTAI DIABETES MELITUS DAN TANPA DISERTAI DIABETES MELITUS
Authors: Misnah Misnah , Aprianti Suci , Mangerangi Fitriani , Bahar Burhanuddin
Published: October 2018

Proteinuria is a predictor of stroke in diabetic and non diabetic patients, but remains poorly documented from the available researchstudies. The aim of this study is to determine. Proteinuria in stroke (Hemorrhagic and non Hemorrhagic) patients which suffer diabeticand non diabetic. A cross sectional study had been done in stroke patients, diabetics and non diabetics who were hospitalized at theWahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital Makassar during the period of May to July 2010. Urine samples were analyzed using a dipstick method.There were 30 samples of non Hemorrhagic stroke (NHS) with diabetics: 71.4% with proteinuria; Hemorrhagic stroke (HS) with diabetics:87.5% with proteinuria (p = 0.55). Non diabetic HS: 100% with proteinuria; Non diabetic NHS: 40% with proteinuria; (p=0.04).Proteinuria in stroke could occur either in diabetic or non diabetic subjects, but proteinuria was higher in HS the existence of diabetes.Further research is needed on the role of proteinuria in stroke in terms of diagnostic or prognostic values.