bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring Environmental and Structural Parameters in Historical Masonry Buildings Using IoT LoRaWAN-Based Wireless Sensors
Authors: Dolińska Noëlla , Wojciechowska Gabriela , Bednarz Łukasz
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the impact of environmental conditions on the structural integrity and energy dynamics of historical masonry buildings using an IoT (Internet of Things) LoRaWAN-based (Long Range Wide Area Network) wireless sensor system. Over a six-month period, sensors were used to monitor wall temperature, wall humidity, air temperature, air humidity, crack width, and crack displacement. The data revealed significant correlations between environmental parameters and structural changes. Higher temperatures were associated with increased crack width, while elevated humidity levels correlated with greater crack displacement, showing the potential weakening of the masonry structure. Seasonal variations highlighted the cyclical nature of these changes, emphasizing the need for seasonal maintenance. Additionally, the findings suggest that managing temperature and humidity levels can optimize the building’s energy efficiency by reducing the need for additional heating or cooling. The use of LoRaWAN sensors provided real-time, remote monitoring capabilities, offering a cost-effective and scalable solution for preserving historical buildings. This study underscores the importance of continuous environmental and structural monitoring for the preservation of heritage sites. It also highlights the potential for integrating proactive maintenance strategies and energy optimization, ensuring long-term sustainability. By leveraging this IoT-based approach, this research contributes to the broader field of heritage conservation, offering a universal framework that can be applied to historical buildings worldwide, enhancing both their structural integrity and energy performance.
OnlineLino—A Website on Architect Raul Lino’s Built Heritage at Médio Tejo, in Portugal
Authors: Moreira Anabela , Serrano Inês , Santos Paulo , Delfino Regina , Matos Pedro , Gracio Ana , Xavier Ana
Published: January 2025

The cultural context and values of twentieth-century architecture and construction confirm the need to preserve them for future generations, given the multiple challenges to overcome. Raul Lino da Silva (1879–1974) is a celebrated Portuguese architect who worked throughout the twentieth century and whose architectural legacy is scattered from the north to the south of the country. The aim of this paper is to present the development of the website OnlineLino, which is related to the architectural and construction heritage of Raul Lino in the Médio Tejo region, an inland Portuguese territory with low demographic density. This work is focused on integrating documentary information dispersed across different digital funds, by aggregating it on a website that will be made available for public access in the future. To this end, data were collected from different funds, and the information was aggregated and systematised so that it could be included in the digital database developed, the OnlineLino website. The work was carried out by a multidisciplinary team in an academic setting, involving the areas of architecture, civil engineering, computer engineering and design. We hope that this website will contribute to the dissemination of Raul Lino’s architectural legacy, especially for buildings that are less studied and known.
Modeling and Seismic Performance Analysis of Grid Shear Walls
Authors: Zhang Weijing , Li Caiwang , Chu Xiao
Published: January 2025

Prefabricated insulation grid shear walls are a new type of wall which integrates structure, insulation and formwork. A grid-like reinforced concrete shear wall with vertical and transverse limbs is formed by casting concrete into the reserved vertical and transverse hollow cavities in the prefabrication of cement polystyrene granular concrete wall formworks. In this paper, based on an earthquake engineering simulation open system (OpenSees), a new modeling approach for grid shear walls is proposed, and nonlinear analysis of two grid walls with different grid sizes under cyclic load is carried out. The accuracy and effectiveness of the grid shear wall model are verified by comparison of the predicted hysteretic response and experimental results. On this basis, the seismic performance of grid shear walls with different parameters (axial load ratio, vertical reinforcement ratio, transverse reinforcement ratio and transverse limb height) is analyzed. The results show that both axial load ratio and vertical reinforcement ratio can significantly improve the load capacity of grid shear walls. However, with an increase in the axial load ratio, the ductility of the grid shear walls decreases. The influence of transverse reinforcement ratio and transverse limb height on the load capacity of shear wall with large shear span ratio is relatively small, mainly because the failure mode of shear wall with large shear span ratio is bending failure. Based on parameter influence analysis, design suggestions for reinforcement ratio in vertical and horizontal limbs and the height of the transverse limb of grid shear walls are put forward. The research in this paper provides a reference for the application of grid shear walls in engineering.
Trans-Arterial Embolization for Liver Metastases of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Response Indicates Survival Benefit?
Authors: Chen Luohai , Yang Dequan , Yusufu Yueriguli , Liu Haikuan , Liu Man , Lin Yuan , Luo Yanji , He Qiao , Chen Minhu , Zeng Zhirong , Zhang Ning , Wang Yu
Published: January 2025

Objective: To determine the impact of trans-arterial embolization (TAE) on overall survival (OS) in patients with liver metastases from gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (LM-GEP-NETs) and to identify factors that may influence tumor response to TAE treatment. Methods: This study included patients with histologically and radiologically confirmed LM-GEP-NETs who received TAE treatment at The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, between November 2016 and January 2023. Imaging responses were assessed using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 and modified RECIST (mRECIST) criteria. Tumor response was defined as complete or partial remission. Results: In total, 267 patients with LM-GEP-NETs were included. Patients with liver tumor burdens <25%, 25–50%, and ≥50% had progressively worse OS (p < 0.005). According to the RECIST criteria, 65.9% of patients exhibited tumor responses. Using the mRECIST criteria, 77.5% of patients showed tumor responses. Survival analyses with log-rank tests indicated that patients with tumor responses assessed using either the RECIST or mRECIST criteria had significantly better OS (p = 0.015 and p = 0.023, respectively). Further logistic regression analyses showed that early TAE (within 4 months after diagnosis of liver metastases) was associated with tumor responses assessed using RECIST or mRECIST. These results were further verified using propensity score matching and inverse probability treatment weighting adjusted datasets. Conclusions: A higher liver tumor burden was associated with poorer OS in patients with LM-GEP-NETs. Tumor response after TAE indicates survival benefits. Early TAE (within 4 months of diagnosis) was associated with better treatment responses.
Proton Beam Therapy for Advanced Periocular Skin Cancer: An Eye-Sparing Approach
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Lima Isabela C. S. , Woo Alessandra A. , Zieminski Stephen , Adams Judith A. , Hughes Megan A. , Chan Annie W.
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The management of periocular skin malignancies presents a unique challenge. Proton beam therapy, due to its sharp dose fall-off, allows for the delivery of a tumoricidal dose to the tumor while sparing adjacent normal tissues. Methods: Thirteen patients with a median age of 76.5 years received protons at our institution to a median dose of 66.6 Gy (RBE). Sixty-four percent of the lesions were basal cell carcinoma, and 22% were squamous cell carcinoma. Eighty-six percent of patients underwent biopsy only or partial resection. Fifty-seven percent of the lesions were located in the medial or lateral canthus. There was orbital invasion in 93% of the cases. Locoregional control probability and overall survival were estimated with the Kaplan–Meier method. Treatment toxicity was scored using the CTCAE 4.0. Results: At a median follow-up of 96 months, there was no local recurrence. The rate of orbital preservation was 100%. Functional vision was maintained in all the patients. There was no acute or late grade 3 or higher toxicity. Conclusions: Protons allow for long-term tumor control with eye preservation in patients with locally advanced periocular skin cancers. Larger prospective multi-institutional trials with standardized ophthalmological assessments are needed to confirm our findings.
Impacts of Hyaluronan on Extracellular Vesicle Production and Signaling
Authors: Simpson Melanie A.
Published: January 2025

Hyaluronan (HA) is a critical component of cell and tissue matrices and an important signaling molecule. The enzymes that synthesize and process HA, as well as the HA receptors through which the signaling properties of HA are transmitted, have been identified in extracellular vesicles and implicated in context-specific processes associated with health and disease. The goal of this review is to present a comprehensive summary of the research on HA and its related receptors and enzymes in extracellular vesicle biogenesis and the cellular responses to vesicles bearing these extracellular matrix modulators. When present in extracellular vesicles, HA is assumed to be on the outside of the vesicle and is sometimes found associated with CD44 or the HAS enzyme itself. Hyaluronidases may be inside the vesicles or present on the vesicle surface via a transmembrane domain or GPI linkage. The implication of presenting these signals in extracellular vesicles is that there is a greater range of systemic distribution and more complex delivery media than previously thought for secreted HA or hyaluronidase alone. Understanding the context for these HA signals offers new diagnostic and therapeutic insight.
Brain Plasticity and Cell Competition: Immediate Early Genes Are the Focus
Authors: Tregub Pavel P. , Komleva Yulia K. , Kukla Maria V. , Averchuk Anton S. , Vetchinova Anna S. , Rozanova Natalia A. , Illarioshkin Sergey N. , Salmina Alla B.
Published: January 2025

Brain plasticity is at the basis of many cognitive functions, including learning and memory. It includes several mechanisms of synaptic and extrasynaptic changes, neurogenesis, and the formation and elimination of synapses. The plasticity of synaptic transmission involves the expression of immediate early genes (IEGs) that regulate neuronal activity, thereby supporting learning and memory. In addition, IEGs are involved in the regulation of brain cells’ metabolism, proliferation, and survival, in the establishment of multicellular ensembles, and, presumably, in cell competition in the tissue. In this review, we analyze the current understanding of the role of IEGs (c-Fos, c-Myc, Arg3.1/Arc) in controlling brain plasticity in physiological and pathological conditions, including brain aging and neurodegeneration. This work might inspire new gene therapy strategies targeting IEGs to regulate synaptic plasticity, and potentially prevent or mitigate neurodegenerative diseases.
Modelling Peroxisomal Disorders in Zebrafish
Authors: Jiang Chenxing S. , Schrader Michael
Published: January 2025

Peroxisomes are ubiquitous, dynamic, oxidative organelles with key functions in cellular lipid metabolism and redox homeostasis. They have been linked to healthy ageing, neurodegeneration, cancer, the combat of pathogens and viruses, and infection and immune responses. Their biogenesis relies on several peroxins (encoded by PEX genes), which mediate matrix protein import, membrane assembly, and peroxisome multiplication. Defects in peroxins or peroxisomal enzymes can result in severe disorders, including developmental and neurological abnormalities. The drive to understand the role of peroxisomes in human health and disease, as well as their functions in tissues and organs or during development, has led to the establishment of vertebrate models. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become an attractive vertebrate model organism to investigate peroxisomal functions. Here, we provide an overview of the visualisation of peroxisomes in zebrafish, as well as the peroxisomal metabolic functions and peroxisomal protein inventory in comparison to human peroxisomes. We then present zebrafish models which have been established to investigate peroxisomal disorders. These include model zebrafish for peroxisome biogenesis disorders/Zellweger Spectrum disorders, and single enzyme deficiencies, particularly adrenoleukodystrophy and fatty acid beta-oxidation abnormalities. Finally, we highlight zebrafish models for deficiencies of dually targeted peroxisomal/mitochondrial proteins. Advantages for the investigation of peroxisomes during development and approaches to the application of zebrafish models for drug screening are discussed.
Engineering Calculations for Catalytic Hydrolysis of CF4
Authors: Barat Robert
Published: January 2025

Tetrafluoromethane (CF4) is the simplest perfluorocarbon, a class of compounds with very high greenhouse gas potential. Catalytic hydrolysis offers an opportunity to convert these compounds to manageable CO2 and HF. Recently published data showed the effectiveness of Ga-doping to overcome the fluorine poisoning of various Al2O3 catalysts at relatively modest temperatures. This prior work offered a partial catalytic mechanism together with kinetic and conversion data. The current paper completes the catalytic mechanism, and then analyzes it using the Langmuir–Hinshelwood algorithm for both the initial CF4 conversion, and the catalyst site regeneration. The resulting derived rate expression, together with a catalyst activity coefficient expression, are then used in flow reactor configurations to simulate both relatively short exposure time runs with little loss of activity, as well as longer runs with severe activity loss. The reasonable agreement with the published laboratory data suggests that these expressions can be used for a larger-scale practical reactor design.
Influence of Oil-Soluble Catalyst on Composition and Structure of Heavy Oil from Samara Region Field
Authors: Ali Mohammed O. N. , Mukhamatdinov Irek I. , Affane Boudkhil , Mukhamatdinova Rezeda E. , Katnov Vladimir E. , Vakhin Alexey V.
Published: January 2025

In this study, an examination was conducted of the influence of iron tallate on the composition and properties of highly viscous oil from the Strelovskoye deposit in the Samara region under thermal–catalytic treatment (TCT). The research revealed that the dynamic viscosity of the oil following TCT at 300 °C, with a measurement temperature of 20 °C, decreased by a factor of 8 in comparison to the initial sample and nearly 4.5 times compared to the control sample at the 96-h mark. The most promising results in reducing the pour point temperature to 7 °C were identified following a 96-h TCT at 300 °C. This reduction was attributed to the decrease in paraffin content facilitated by the presence of the catalyst. According to the ICP-MS results, the extraction of the catalyst with the oil amounted to only 1%. This indicates that during the implementation of TCT within the reservoir, the catalyst is likely to adsorb onto the rock surfaces.
Long-Term Evaluation of Mid-Cost Optical Particle Counters for PM2.5 Monitoring in an Underground Subway Station: Insights from a 15-Month Study
Authors: Dinh Trieu-Vuong , Park Byeong-Gyu , Lee Sang-Woo , Choi In-Young , Baek Da-Hyun , Kim Jo-Chun
Published: January 2025

A beta-ray attenuation monitor (BAM) is preferred as a reference instrument for monitoring particulate matter in the air due to its accuracy. However, BAM cannot be used in large numbers for spatial distribution monitoring because of its high investment cost. Thus, a mid-cost optical particle counter (OPC) is an alternative solution for widespread use. However, its long-term performance with respect to various monitoring environments should be taken into account. In this study, six mid-cost OPCs were used to measure PM2.5 concentrations at an underground subway station and compared with a reference BAM over 15 months. OPCs were placed in the waiting space and platforms to compare PM2.5 concentrations and determine PM2.5/PM10 ratios. The reference BAM was installed on the platform. Error analysis revealed a significant discrepancy, with normalized errors exceeding 30%, between the 1-h average PM2.5 concentrations recorded by the BAM and OPCs at the same location. In contrast, the 24-h average PM2.5 concentrations measured by the BAM and OPCs at the same location showed similar patterns, with stronger correlations (r2 = 0.80–0.93) compared to the 1-h averages (r2 = 0.63–0.83). The normalized errors for the 24-h averages ranged from 13.9% to 21.2%, depending on seasonal variations. These findings suggest that OPCs can effectively monitor 24-h average PM2.5 concentrations in an underground subway station over a year without additional calibration, making them a cost-effective option. In addition, 1-h average PM2.5 concentrations varied across different sampling spaces and were influenced by PM2.5/PM10 ratios. Hence, when measuring the 1-h average mass concentration of PM2.5, it is essential to consider PM characteristics and seasons.
Dummy Template Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Electrochemical Detection of Cardiac Troponin I: A Combined Computational and Experimental Approach
Authors: Sadeghi Googheri Mohammad Sadegh , Campagnol Davide , Ugo Paolo , Hozhabr Araghi Samira , Karimian Najmeh
Published: January 2025

Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is a crucial biomarker for the early detection of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), playing a significant role in cardiac health assessment. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are valued for their stability, ease of fabrication, reusability, and selectivity. However, using the analyte as a template can be costly, especially if the analyte is expensive. In such cases, a dummy template (DT) with similar chemico-physical properties can be useful. This study aimed to design a DT-MIP for cTnI detection using cytochrome c (Cyt c) as the template, combining computational and experimental approaches. Molecular docking identified binding sites on Cyt c and cTnI for poly(o-phenylenediamine) (5PoPD) pentamers. Interactions and binding energies were examined using all-atom molecular dynamics (MDs) simulations and structural interaction fingerprint (SIFt) calculations. A DT-MIP-modified electrode for cTnI detection was prepared by electropolymerizing o-PD in the presence of Cyt c as a dummy template. Electrochemical techniques monitored the electropolymerization, template removal, and binding of the target analyte. The experimental results showed that the DT-MIPs exhibited a high binding affinity for cTnI, consistent with the binding energies observed in MD simulations. The satisfactory correlation between experimental and computational results validated our model-based approach for the rational design of dummy template molecularly imprinted polymers.
Impact of Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonists on Pathophysiology of Pediatric Immune Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Evangelidis Paschalis , Tragiannidis Konstantinos , Gavriilaki Eleni , Tragiannidis Athanasios
Published: January 2025

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in pediatric patients is a common cause of isolated thrombocytopenia. Various pathophysiological mechanisms are implicated in ITP pathogenesis, including the production of autoantibodies against components of platelets (PLTs) by B-cells, the activation of the complement system, phagocytosis by macrophages mediated by Fcγ receptors, the dysregulation of T cells, and reduced bone marrow megakaryopoiesis. ITP is commonly manifested with skin and mucosal bleeding, and it is a diagnosis of exclusion. In some ITP cases, the disease is self-limiting, and treatment is not required, but chronic-persistent disease can also be developed. In these cases, anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, such as rituximab and thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonists, can be used. TPO agonists have become standard of care today. It has been reported in the published literature that the efficacy of TPO-RAs can be up to 80% in the achievement of several end goals, such as PLT counts. In the current literature review, the data regarding the impact of TPO agonists in the pathogenesis of ITP and treatment outcomes of the patients are examined. In the era of precision medicine, targeted and individualized therapies are crucial to achieving better outcomes for pediatric patients with ITP, especially when chronic refractory disease is developed.
TP53 Mutation Predicts Worse Survival and Earlier Local Progression in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Transarterial Embolization
Authors: Zhao Ken , Karimi Anita , Kelly Luke , Petre Elena , Marinelli Brett , Alexander Erica S. , Sotirchos Vlasios S. , Erinjeri Joseph P. , Covey Anne , Sofocleous Constantinos T. , Harding James J. , Jarnagin William , Sigel Carlie , Vakiani Efsevia , Ziv Etay , Yarmohammadi Hooman
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study was to evaluate associations between TP53 status and outcomes after transarterial embolization (TAE) for the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This single-institution study included patients from 1/2014 to 6/2022 who underwent TAE of HCC and genomic analysis of tumoral tissue. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS) with relation to TP53 status, and the secondary outcome was the time to progression. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method. The time to progression with death or the last patient contact without progression as competing risks were used to obtain a cumulative incidence function, and the association with TP53 status was evaluated using the Gray test. In total, 75 patients (63 men) with a median age of 70.0 (IQR 62.0–76.3) years were included. Of these, 26/75 (34.7%) patients had TP53-mutant HCC. Patients with TP53-mutant HCC had a significantly worse median OS of 15.2 (95% CI, 9.5–29.3) months, versus 31.2 (95% CI, 21.2–52.4) months as the median OS (p = 0.023) for TP53 wild-type HCC. Competing risk analysis showed a shorter time to local hepatic progression (at the site of the previously treated tumor) after TAE in patients with TP53-mutant HCC. The cumulative incidences of local progression at 6 and 12 months for TP53-mutant HCC were 65.4% and 84.6%, versus 40.8% and 55.1% for TP53 wild-type HCC (p = 0.0072). A TP53 mutation may predict a worse overall survival and a shorter time to local progression in HCC patients treated with TAE.
Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis on Treating Hormone Receptor-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer After CDK4/6 Inhibitors
Authors: Pathak Neha , Mittal Abhenil , Kumar Sudhir , Nagpal Chitrakshi , Amir Eitan , Haldar Partha , Gangadharaiah Bharath B. , Kumar Akash , Mishra Ashutosh , Batra Atul
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The optimal treatment of estrogen receptor-positive (ER +) metastatic breast cancer (MBC) after progression on cyclin-dependent 4/6 kinase inhibitors (CDK4/6i) is unknown. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) of phase-II/-III randomized trials of ER + MBC post CDK4/6i + ET progression. We calculated the hazard ratio (HR) for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) using generic inverse variance and odds ratios (ORs) using the Mantel–Haenszel method for adverse events (AEs) with Review-Manager version-5.4. NMA was executed using WINBUGS (Microsoft Excel). Three molecular subgroups were analyzed: HER2-low, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and the ESR1 mutation subgroup for selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD). Results: A total of 14 studies were included. In the HER2-low group, Sacituzumab govitecan and trastuzumab deruxtecan had a similar efficacy (HR, 95% CI): PFS (0.98; 0.63–1.43) and OS (1.08; 0.76–1.55). In PI3K/AKT/mTOR-altered cases, capivasertib was superior to alpelisib PFS (0.77; 0.53–1.12), and OS (0.80; 0.48–1.35). SERDs had worse PFS and OS versus ongoing CDK 4/6i (ribociclib). Conclusion: No therapy emerged as the unequivocal choice in the post-CDK 4/6i domain in unselected subgroups. In the HER2-low population, a similar efficacy and different toxicity spectrum was seen. In AKT-altered tumors, capivasertib was less toxic than alpelisib. PROSPERO ID: CRD4202236412.
MicroRNA-129-3p Suppresses Tumor Progression and Chemoradioresistance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Yoon Tae Mi , Kim Sun-Ae , Jung Eun Kyung , Kim Young-Kook , Lee Kyung-Hwa , Lim Sang Chul
Published: January 2025

(1) Background: MicroRNA-129 (miR-129) participates in tumor progression and chemoresistance in various cancer types. In this study, the role of miR-129-3p, the main mature form of miR-129, in tumor progression and chemoradiotherapy resistance in head and neck cancer was evaluated. (2) Methods: RT-PCR, western blotting, cell proliferation assays, cell apoptosis assays, and cell invasion and migration assays were used. (3) Results: In this study, the miR-129-3p overexpression suppressed the proliferation, invasion, and migration of SNU1041, SCC15, and SCC25 human HNSCC cell lines. Additionally, it induced apoptosis and enhanced radiation-/cisplatin-induced apoptosis of SNU1041, SCC15, and SCC25 cells. Therefore, miR-129-3p could suppress tumor progression and enhance chemoradiosensitivity in human HNSCC. Furthermore, miR-129-3p was downregulated in fresh tumor tissues from patients with HNSCC compared with that in the adjacent normal mucosa. In a nude mouse xenograft model with SNU15 cells, the miR-129-3p overexpression significantly decreased tumor growth, as measured by tumor weight and volume. (4) Conclusions: Our study provides evidence that miR-129-3p suppresses tumor progression and chemoradioresistance in HNSCC. This finding may serve as a basis for developing miR-129-3p-based therapeutic strategies.
The Design and Cell-Free Protein Synthesis of a Pembrolizumab Single-Chain Variable Fragment
Authors: Ebbert Landon E. , Free Tyler J. , Soltani Mehran , Bundy Bradley C.
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Cancer is a leading cause of death. However, recently developed immunotherapies have shown significant promise to improve cancer treatment outcomes and survival rates. Pembrolizumab, a cancer immunotherapy drug, enables a strong T-cell response specifically targeting cancer cells to improve patient outcomes in more than 16 types of cancer. The increasing demand for pembrolizumab, the highest selling drug in 2023, increases global dependence on drug production, which can be vulnerable to supply chain disruptions. Methods: Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) is a rapid in vitro protein production method that could provide the production of an immunotherapy drug in an emergency and could facilitate on-demand production of the therapeutic at the point of care if needed. Furthermore, CFPS has potential as a production platform of biosimilars, as the patent for pembrolizumab is set to expire in 2028. Results: This work presents the design, synthesis, and target-binding affinity of a novel single-chain variable fragment of pembrolizumab (Pem-scFv) using CFPS. The CFPS production of Pem-scFv also enables the direct optimization of synthesis reaction composition and expression conditions. The conditions of 30 °C, 35% (v/v) cell extract, and an oxidizing redox environment resulted in the highest Pem-scFv soluble yield of 442 µg/mL. An affinity assay demonstrated significant binding between the CFPS-produced Pem-scFv and the PD-1 target. Computational simulations of Pem-scFv folding and binding corroborate the experimental results.
Ganciclovir Resistance-Linked Mutations in the HCMV UL97 Gene: Sanger Sequencing Analysis in Samples from Transplant Recipients at a Tertiary Hospital in Southern Brazil
Authors: da Rocha Anna Caroline Avila , Rodrigues Grazielle Motta , da Silva Hellwig Alessandra Helena , Pereira Dariane Castro , Volpato Fabiana Caroline Zempulski , Barth Afonso Luís , de-Paris Fernanda
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNAemia remains a significant concern for transplant recipients, largely due to mutations in the viral genome that may lead to antiviral-resistant strains. Mutations in the UL97 gene are frequently associated with resistance to ganciclovir (GCV), highlighting the importance of early mutation detection to effectively manage viremia. This study aimed to optimize a Sanger sequencing protocol for analyzing GCV resistance-linked mutations in the HCMV UL97 gene from plasma samples of transplant patients treated at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Methods: A nested-PCR approach combined with a touchdown PCR method was employed to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of the sequencing analysis. Results: The study sample included various transplants, encompassing solid organ and bone marrow recipients. Among 16 sequenced samples, 8 exhibited nucleotide substitutions resulting in amino acid changes. Notably, the A594V and C603W mutations, associated with GCV resistance, were identified in four samples. Additionally, three mutations with unknown phenotypic impact (P509L, A628T, and H662Y) and two viral polymorphisms (N510S and D605E) were detected. Furthermore, double peaks in the Sanger electropherograms, indicative of mixed viral populations of HCMV were observed in seven samples. Conclusions: The optimized Sanger sequencing protocol provides a cost-effective solution for detecting GCV resistance mutations in HCMV UL97 among transplant recipients. This approach could improve the understanding of HCMV strain dynamics and serve as a valuable tool for long-term patient monitoring, particularly within resource-constrained settings such as the public health systems of middle-income countries.
Evaluation of Retinal Changes in Women with Different Phenotypes of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Sumer Fatma , Gurlek Beril , Yildiz Elif , Uzun Feyzahan , Colak Sabri , Ayazoglu Ilknur Merve
Published: January 2025

Background: The aim of our study was to evaluate the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular and choroidal thicknesses in women with different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and compare these measurements with those of healthy women of reproductive age. Materials and Methods: This prospective case–control study included 120 eyes of 120 women with PCOS, with each of the four distinct phenotypes comprising 30 eyes of 30 women. Additionally, 30 eyes from 30 healthy women were included in the control group. All participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations, and RNFL thickness, macular thickness (MT), and choroidal thickness (CT) in each eye were measured via spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. The body mass index (BMI) of the patients was recorded and compared with the retinal changes. Results: The average mean and nasal segments of the RNFL were significantly greater in the PCOS group than in the healthy control group (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in foveal retinal thickness between the groups (p < 0.001). Our study revealed significant choroidal tissue thickening subfoveally and at locations 500 μm temporal, 500 μm nasal, 1500 μm nasal, and 1500 μm temporal to the fovea in all phenotypes of the PCOS group (p < 0.001). Additionally, there was a positive correlation between BMI and all CT changes. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the retinal layers and choroid are affected by all phenotypes of PCOS, one of the most common reproductive abnormalities, albeit to varying degrees. Furthermore, these changes were found to be correlated with BMI.
Controversies in the Application of AI in Radiology—Is There Medico-Legal Support? Aspects from Romanian Practice
Authors: Ungureanu Ana-Maria , Matei Sergiu-Ciprian , Malita Daniel
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI) is gaining an increasing amount of influence in various fields, including medicine. In radiology, where diagnoses are based on collaboration between diagnostic devices and the professional experience of radiologists, AI intervention seems much easier than in other fields, but this is often not the case. Many times, the patients orient themselves according to the doctor, which is not applicable in the case of AI. Another limitation rests in the controversies regarding medico-legal liability. In the field of radio-imaging in Romania, the implementation of AI systems in diagnosis is at its beginning. An important aspect of this is raising awareness among the population about these assistive AI systems and, also, awareness of the technological evolution of AI among medical staff. This narrative review manuscript analyzes the existing literature data regarding the medico-legal aspects of AI application in radiology, highlighting the controversial aspects and the lack of statutory legislative regulations in Romania. Methods: A detailed search was conducted across three electronic databases including MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, with 53 papers serving as the literature corpus of our review. Results: General requirements for artificial intelligence systems used in radiology have been established. In the radiological diagnostic process, there are five levels of AI system implication. Until now, completely autonomous AI systems have not been used. Regarding liability in the case of malpractice, at the currently accepted legislative level, most of the time, the radiologist is liable for their own fault or non-compliant use of diagnostic AI systems. Controversies arise in the case of radio-imaging diagnosis in which AI systems act autonomously. Conclusions: In order for AI diagnostic radio-imaging systems to be implemented, they must meet certain quality standards and be approved. The radiologist must know these systems, accept them, know their limits, and validate them in accordance with their degree of involvement in radiological diagnosis. Considering the evolution of technology in the Romanian medical system, including radiology, in the future, an alignment with the legal standards established/proposed at the European level is desired.
Deep Learning in Oral Hygiene: Automated Dental Plaque Detection via YOLO Frameworks and Quantification Using the O’Leary Index
Authors: Ramírez-Pedraza Alfonso , Salazar-Colores Sebastián , Cardenas-Valle Crystel , Terven Juan , González-Barbosa José-Joel , Ornelas-Rodriguez Francisco-Javier , Hurtado-Ramos Juan-Bautista , Ramirez-Pedraza Raymundo , Córdova-Esparza Diana-Margarita , Romero-González Julio-Alejandro
Published: January 2025

Background: Oral diseases such as caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis are highly prevalent worldwide and often arise from plaque. This study focuses on detecting three plaque stages—new, mature, and over-mature—using state-of-the-art YOLO architectures to enhance early intervention and reduce reliance on manual visual assessments. Methods: We compiled a dataset of 531 RGB images from 177 individuals, captured via multiple mobile devices. Each sample was treated with disclosing gel to highlight plaque types, then preprocessed for lighting and color normalization. YOLOv9, YOLOv10, and YOLOv11, in various scales, were trained to detect plaque categories, and their performance was evaluated using precision, recall, and mean Average Precision (mAP@50). Results: Among the tested models, YOLOv11m achieved the highest mAP@50 (0.713), displaying superior detection of over-mature plaque. Across all YOLO variants, older plaque was generally easier to detect than newer plaque, which can blend with gingival tissue. Applying the O’Leary index indicated that over half of the study population exhibited severe plaque levels. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of automated plaque detection with advanced YOLO models in varied imaging conditions. This approach offers potential to optimize clinical workflows, support early diagnoses, and mitigate oral health burdens in low-resource communities.
Exploring the Prognostic Role of Trop-2, CD47, and CD163 Expression Levels on Survival Outcomes in Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Yüceer Ramazan Oguz , Aydın Sedanur , Gelir Iclal , Koc Tulay , Tuncer Ersin , Ucar Mahmut
Published: January 2025

Background: This study evaluated the prognostic impact of Trop-2, CD47, and CD163 expression on clinical outcomes in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and investigated their interactions with tumor progression. Methods: A retrospective cohort of 92 patients with TNBC was analyzed. The expression scores for Trop-2, CD47, and CD163 were categorized as negative/low (0–3 points) or high (4–6 points). The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Results: The median age of the cohort was 50 years old. High Trop-2 expression was observed in 55.4% of the patients and was significantly associated with advanced disease stage (p < 0.001). High CD47 expression (44.6%) was correlated with advanced stage (p = 0.044), whereas high CD163 expression (45.7%) was associated with advanced stage (p = 0.021), absence of comorbidities (p = 0.022), and lower pT stage (p = 0.023). Moderate positive correlations were found between Trop-2 and CD47 (p = 0.022), Trop-2 and CD163 (p = 0.037), and CD47 and CD163 (p < 0.001), respectively. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that patients with low Trop-2 expression exhibited significantly prolonged OS (p = 0.021) and progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.026) compared to those with high Trop-2 expression. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed significant associations between OS and PFS for Trop-2, lymphovascular invasion, and BRCA status. Conclusions: Trop-2 expression is a significant prognostic factor for TNBC and is correlated with worse outcomes. Although CD47 and CD163 showed trends for poorer prognosis, their significance was not confirmed. These findings offer promising prospects for future studies on combined antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), as they may present opportunities to address multiple resistance mechanisms in the management of TNBC and enhance clinical outcomes.
Prevalence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Hospitalized COPD Patients in Spain Between 2018–2022
Authors: Gómez-García Rosa María , De-Miguel-Díez Javier , López-de-Andrés Ana , Hernández-Barrera Valentín , Jimenez-Sierra Ana , Cuadrado-Corrales Natividad , Zamorano-León José J. , Carabantes-Alarcón David , Bodas-Pinedo Andrés , Jiménez-García Rodrigo
Published: January 2025

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a common cause of hospital admission. The association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation and RSV infection is not well studied. Objective: To analyze the hospitalizations of patients with COPD and RSV infection in Spain between 2018 and 2022. Methods: The data used were obtained from the Spanish Hospital Discharge Database. We selected subjects aged ≥40 years diagnosed with COPD, admitted to the hospital from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2022. The COPD population that met the selection criteria was subdivided based on the presence of an ICD-10 code for RSV infection. To obtain comparable populations, for each subject with COPD and RSV infection, a subject without an RSV code was selected, with the COPD code in the same diagnostic position (1 to 20), as well as the same year of admission, sex, and age. Results: Among subjects aged ≥40 years, 1,429,288 were identified as having COPD, of whom 5673 also had RSV infection. The number of hospitalizations with COPD and RSV infection increased during the study period. The proportion of RSV infection among patients admitted for COPD increased significantly over time, from 0.32% in 2018 to 0.65% in 2022, p < 0.001. In-hospital mortality (IHM) increased over time, but the differences were not significant (6.23% in 2018 vs. 6.79% in 2022). Patients with COPD and RSV infection had, compared with those without RSV infection, a higher use of mechanical ventilation, both invasive (3.44% vs. 1.34%, p < 0.001) and noninvasive (8.09% vs. 4.51%, p < 0.001) and a higher proportion of intensive care unit (ICU) admission (7.21% vs. 3.9%, p < 0.001). After multivariate adjustment, a significant increase in IHM was found from 2018 to 2022 in subjects with and without RSV infection. The presence of RSV infection was associated with a higher mortality (OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.01–1.46). Conclusions: The proportion of RSV infection among patients admitted for COPD increased significantly over time. Patients with COPD and RSV infection had, compared with those without RSV infection, a higher severity, a higher use of mechanical ventilation, and a higher proportion of ICU admission. The presence of RSV infection was associated with IHM. These results can help to identify patients at higher risk and make decisions to avoid the increased risk of hospitalization and mortality in this population.
Immediate Patient Satisfaction with Dental Esthetics After Endodontic and Prosthodontic Treatment of Dental Dyschromia
Authors: Jantea Adrian , Mihali Sorin Gheorghe , Lolos Dan , Tudor Anca , Oancea Roxana , Porojan Liliana
Published: January 2025

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate patients’ satisfaction with the esthetic outcomes of combined endodontic and prosthetic treatments for devitalized or dyschromic teeth, a condition influenced by various intrinsic and extrinsic factors that present a growing concern in modern dentistry. Methods: A total of 104 patients, including 43 men and 61 women, underwent treatment using lithium disilicate restorations for esthetic zones and zirconium oxide restorations for regions with higher occlusal demands. Patient satisfaction was evaluated through a post-treatment questionnaire, classifying responses as either “satisfied” or “dissatisfied”. Dissatisfied participants were further asked to specify their concerns. Results: The study revealed a high satisfaction rate of 93%. Dissatisfaction was slightly more prevalent among women than men, but this difference was statistically insignificant. The primary reasons for dissatisfaction included darker restoration color, chipping, and gingival recessions. Conclusions: Combined endodontic and prosthetic treatments, utilizing lithium disilicate and zirconium oxide restorations, achieved high levels of patient satisfaction. Nevertheless, addressing specific issues, such as color matching and gingival health, could enhance outcomes further.
SINDy and PD-Based UAV Dynamics Identification for MPC
Authors: Guevara Bryan S. , Varela-Aldás José , Gandolfo Daniel C. , Toibero Juan M.
Published: January 2025

This study proposes a comprehensive framework for the identification of nonlinear dynamics in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), integrating data-driven methodologies with theoretical modeling approaches. Two principal techniques are employed: Proportional-Derivative (PD)-based control input approximation and Sparse Identification of Nonlinear Dynamics (SINDy). Addressing the inherent platform constraints—where control inputs are restricted to specific attitude angles and z-axis velocities—thrust and torque are approximated via a PD controller, which serves as a practical intermediary for facilitating nonlinear system identification. Both methodologies leverage data-driven strategies to construct compact and interpretable models from experimental data, capturing significant nonlinearities with high fidelity. The resulting models are rigorously evaluated within a Model Predictive Control (MPC) framework, demonstrating their efficacy in precise trajectory tracking. Furthermore, the integration of data-driven insights enhances the accuracy of the identified models and improves control performance. This framework offers a robust and adaptable solution for analyzing UAV dynamics under realistic operational conditions, emphasizing the comparative strengths and applicability of each modeling approach.
Improved Sage–Husa Unscented Kalman Filter for Harmonic State Estimation in Distribution Grid
Authors: Yu Peixuan , Sun Jianjun
Published: January 2025

In distribution grids with the large-scale integration of renewable energy sources and energy storage systems, power signals are often contaminated with time-varying noise and frequency deviation caused by low-frequency inertia. To achieve an accurate dynamic harmonic state estimate (HSE), a novel method based on an improved Sage–Husa unscented Kalman filter (ISHUKF) is proposed. Considering the frequency deviation, a nonlinear filter model for power signal is proposed, and a UKF is used to address the nonlinear estimation. A Sage–Husa noise estimator is incorporated to enhance the robustness of the UKF-based HSE against the time-varying noise. Additionally, the noise covariance of the Sage–Husa algorithm is modified to ensure the rapid convergence of the estimation. Then, the performance of the proposed method is validated using an IEEE 14-node system. Finally, the method is applied to evaluate the harmonic states of grid-connected inverter faults in real-world scenarios. The simulation and experiment results demonstrate that the proposed method provides an accurate dynamic HSE even in the presence of time-varying noise and frequency deviation.
Mutation-Based Approach to Supporting Human–Machine Pair Inspection
Authors: Dai Yujun , Liu Shaoying , Liu Haiyi
Published: January 2025

Human–machine pair inspection refers to a technique that supports programmers and machines working together as a “pair” in source code inspection tasks. The machine provides guidance, while the programmer performs the inspection based on this guidance. Although programmers are often best suited to inspect their own code due to familiarity, overconfidence may lead them to overlook important details. This study introduces a novel mutation-based human–machine pair inspection method, which is designed to direct the programmer’s attention to specific code components by applying targeted mutations. We assess the effectiveness of code inspections by analyzing the programmer’s corrections of these mutations. Our approach involves defining mutation operators for each keyword in the program based on historical defects, developing mutation rules based on program keywords and a strategy for automatically generating mutants, and designing a code comparison strategy to quantitatively evaluate code inspection quality. Through a controlled experiment, we demonstrate the effectiveness of mutation-based human–machine pair inspection in aiding programmers during the inspection process.