bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finite sample corrections for average equivalence testing
Authors: Boulaguiem Younes , Quartier Julie , Lapteva Maria , Kalia Yogeshvar N. , Victoria‐Feser Maria‐Pia , Guerrier Stéphane , Couturier Dominique‐Laurent
Published: December 2023

Average (bio)equivalence tests are used to assess if a parameter, like the mean difference in treatment response between two conditions for example, lies within a given equivalence interval, hence allowing to conclude that the conditions have “equivalent” means. The two one‐sided tests (TOST) procedure, consisting in testing whether the target parameter is respectively significantly greater and lower than some pre‐defined lower and upper equivalence limits, is typically used in this context, usually by checking whether the confidence interval for the target parameter lies within these limits. This intuitive and visual procedure is however known to be conservative, especially in the case of highly variable drugs, where it shows a rapid power loss, often reaching zero, hence making it impossible to conclude for equivalence when it is actually true. Here, we propose a finite sample correction of the TOST procedure, the ‐TOST, which consists in a correction of the significance level of the TOST allowing to guarantee a test size (or type‐I error rate) of . This new procedure essentially corresponds to a finite sample and variability correction of the TOST procedure. We show that this procedure is uniformly more powerful than the TOST, easy to compute, and that its operating characteristics outperform the ones of its competitors. A case study about econazole nitrate deposition in porcine skin is used to illustrate the benefits of the proposed method and its advantages compared to other available procedures.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of 3‐[(2‐chlorophenyl)diazenyl]pyridine‐2,6‐diamine as Optical Limiter
Authors: John Athira Maria , Benny Cyril , Philip Reji , Puthanveetil Balakrishnan Sreeja
Published: December 2023

Azobenzenes undergo reversible trans‐cis photoisomerization and have been extensively studied as photoresponsive material. In contrast, azopyridines have garnered relatively less attention despite their similar photochemistry. When compared to azobenzene, azopyridines offer more opportunities for material design through hydrogen bonding and coordination chemistry. Here, we report the isomerization for 3‐[(2‐chlorophenyl)diazenyl]pyridine‐2,6‐diamine (1od) through an integrative experimental and computational study. Notably, the energy barrier of 1od was significantly lower than that of previously reported azobenzenes. Moreover, we investigated and elucidated the photoisomerization pathway. 1od exhibited high nonlinear absorption, with a nonlinear absorption coefficient (βeff) of 1.31
10−9 m W−1, as determined by Z‐scan measurements. The results indicate that 1od has potential applications in optical limiters, which are used to fabricate protective eyewear and safeguard optical sensors from damage.
MCM‐41@CPTMS as an Efficient and High‐Performance Catalyst for One‐Pot Construction of Indeno[1,2‐b]quinolin‐8‐one Derivatives**
Authors: Najafi Leila , Safaei‐Ghomi Javad , Sadat Oboudatian Hourieh
Published: December 2023

In this work, MCM‐41@CPTMS nanoparticles were readily prepared and evaluated as acidic nanosilica spheres for the synthesis of indeno[1,2‐b]quinolinone derivatives through one‐pot three‐component reaction of 1‐naphthylamine, aromatic aldehydes and 1,3‐indandione. A high surface area, a hexagonal array of uniform mesoporous, high thermal stability, recyclability, nontoxicity and the easy separation of the nanocatalyst, make this nanocatalyst very useful for the synthesis of organic compounds. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) was prepared easily and affirmed to be effective and prepared the products with excellent yields under reflux conditions. The structure of obtained nanoparticles was characterized by FE‐SEM, TEM, EDX, FT‐IR, XRD, TGA and BET. This synthetic protocol provides several benefits such as excellent yields in short reaction times (83–97 %),saving costs, reusability of the catalyst (five runs), and low catalyst loading.
Luminescent Mono‐, Di‐ and Trisubstituted 2,4,6‐Triphenylpyridine‐Based Molecules: Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Slobodinyuk Daria G. , Slobodinyuk Alexey I.
Published: December 2023

The chromophores based on a pyridine central acceptor and one/two/three peripheral substituents of different electronic and spatial nature have been designed and synthesized. The structure‐property relationship was studied using differential scanning calorimetry, cyclic voltammetry, UV‐Vis and emission spectroscopy. A study of the thermal properties of the synthesized compounds showed that the presence of a 3,6‐bis(tert‐butyl)carbazole fragment leads to a significant increase in the glass transition temperature of the compounds. Photophysical studies have revealed that N,N‐diphenylamine‐containing pyridines are characterized by a high fluorescence quantum yield. In this regard, the expediency of the simultaneous presence in the structure of chromophores of electron‐donating groups of different natures has been proven, since this approach makes it possible to obtain compounds with high fluorescence quantum yield and molar absorption coefficient, as well as a narrow band gap and a deep level of the highest occupied molecular orbital.
Evaluation of prehospital preparedness for major incidents on a national level, with focus on mass casualty incidents
Authors: Ugelvik Kristina Stølen , Thomassen Øyvind , Braut Geir Sverre , Geisner Thomas , Sjøvold Janecke Engeberg , Agri Joakim , Montan Carl
Published: December 2023

Purpose

To investigate prehospital preparedness work for Mass Casualty Incidents (MCI) and Major Incidents (MI) in Norway.

Method

A national cross-sectional descriptive study of Norway’s prehospital MI preparedness through a web-based survey. A representative selection of Rescue and Emergency Services were included, excluding Non-Governmental Organisations and military. The survey consisted of 59 questions focused on organisation, planning, education/training, exercises and evaluation.

Results

Totally, 151/157 (96%) respondents answered the survey. The results showed variance regarding contingency planning for MCI/MI, revisions of the plans, use of national triage guidelines, knowledge requirements, as well as haemostatic and tactical first aid skills training. Participation in interdisciplinary on-going life-threatening violence (PLIVO) exercises was high among Ambulance, Police and Fire/Rescue Emergency Services. Simulations of terrorist attacks or disasters with multiple injured the last five years were reported by 21/151 (14%) on a regional level and 74/151 (48%) on a local level. Evaluation routines after MCI/MI events were reported by half of the respondents (75/151) and 70/149 (47%) described a dedicated function to perform such evaluation.

Conclusion

The study indicates considerable variance and gaps among Prehospital Rescue and Emergency Services in Norway regarding MCI/MI preparedness work, calling for national benchmarks, minimum requirements, follow-up routines of the organisations and future reassessments. Implementation of mandatory PLIVO exercises seems to have contributed to interdisciplinary exercises between Fire/Rescue, Police and Ambulance Emergency Service. Repeated standardised surveys can be a useful tool to assess and follow-up the MI preparedness work among Prehospital Rescue and Emergency Services at a national, regional and local level.
Vertrauliche Spurensicherung braucht kurze Wege
Authors: Schaffer C. , Liedmann J. , Ritz-Timme S. , Gahr B.
Published: December 2023

Hintergrund

Die Untersuchung von Gewaltbetroffenen, einschließlich der Vertraulichen Spurensicherung, gehört mittlerweile zum rechtsmedizinischen, teilweise auch zum klinischen Alltag. Mit der Neuregelung des SGB V steht das Konzept der Vertraulichen Spurensicherung in Deutschland vor einer Umstrukturierung und Professionalisierung.

Fragestellung

Vor Umsetzung der SGB-V-Neuregelung sollen Akzeptanz und Erreichbarkeit der derzeitigen Angebote zur Vertraulichen Spurensicherung im Raum Düsseldorf abgebildet werden.

Material und Methoden

Für die Jahre 2015–2022 erfolgte eine retrospektive Datenanalyse aller Untersuchungen von Gewaltbetroffenen im Düsseldorfer Institut für Rechtsmedizin. Einbezogen wurden die in behördlichem, konsiliarischem und privatem Auftrag erfolgten Untersuchungen aller Altersgruppen. Der Fokus lag auf der Dimension des realen Einzugsgebietes des Düsseldorfer Institutes für Rechtsmedizin.

Ergebnisse

Es lässt sich ein stetiger Anstieg der Anzahl der im privaten Auftrag erfolgten Untersuchungen verzeichnen. Konkret hat sich die Anzahl von 88 privat initiierten Untersuchungen im Jahr 2015 bis zum Jahr 2022 auf 172 Untersuchungen mehr als verdoppelt. Hierbei fällt insbesondere auf, dass ein Großteil der untersuchten Gewaltbetroffenen aus der unmittelbaren räumlichen Umgebung stammt. Von insgesamt 1098 Untersuchungen hatten 881 Personen ihren Wohnsitz im Landkreis Düsseldorf oder den unmittelbar angrenzenden Landkreisen Mettmann und Rhein-Kreis Neuss.

Diskussion

Die Ergebnisse aus der Zeit vor der Umsetzung der SGB-V-Neuregelungen belegen die Notwendigkeit eines engmaschigen Netzes aus Anlaufstellen für die Vertrauliche Spurensicherung mit geschulten Ärztinnen und Ärzten. Der hohe Anteil des Betroffenenkollektivs aus der direkten Nähe des Institutes zeigt auf, dass gerade in einem bevölkerungsreichen Bundesland wie Nordrhein-Westfalen (NRW) einige wenige zentrale Einrichtungen nicht ausreichen, um flächendeckend qualitativ hochwertige Vertrauliche Spurensicherung gewährleisten zu können.
The characteristics of Polish patients with salivary gland tumors: a ten-year single-center experience
Authors: Chloupek Aldona , Jurkiewicz Dariusz , Kania Joanna
Published: December 2023

Objectives

The study aims to provide insights into the characteristics of Polish patients with different salivary gland pathologies.

Materials and methods

This is a retrospective study conducted at a single center, including patients who underwent surgery for salivary gland pathologies between 2012 and 2022.

Results

This study included 239 patients who underwent surgery for salivary gland tumors or inflammatory diseases. Malignant tumors were diagnosed in 9.8% of participants, while 64% had benign tumors and 21% suffered from inflammation. The occurrence of complications after surgery was relatively low, with 9.9% of participants experiencing slight facial weakness or mild dysfunction, and 3% experiencing complete paralysis of the facial nerves. Significant differences were observed between patients with cancers and those with benign tumors and inflammation in terms of age. Cancers were more common in females (67% vs. 33%) and predominantly localized in the parotid glands (95%).

Conclusion

Benign tumors, such as Warthin's tumors and polymorphous adenoma, were predominantly found in the parotid glands of patients aged 39–72 years. On the other hand, inflammatory diseases were primarily localized within the submandibular glands of males aged 40–68 years. Additionally, the presence of a malignant tumor was associated with longer hospitalization periods related to surgery and a higher risk of severe complications.

Clinical relevance

This study on Polish patients with salivary gland tumors provides valuable clinical insights that can aid in diagnosis, treatment planning, patient counseling, and further research in the field of oncology. It contributes to the overall understanding of salivary gland tumors, potentially benefiting both patients and healthcare providers.
Prenatal Exposure to Androgens and Gender Socialisation Effects on Children’s Academic Interests
Authors: Sánchez Guerrero Laia , Schober Pia S. , Derntl Birgit
Published: December 2023

Previous studies have documented gender differences in fields of study as well as interest in school subjects. Boys are on average more interested in mathematics, and girls show greater interest in languages. The extent to which these disparities are the result of biological or environment influences is still an open debate. On the one hand, brain organisation theory suggests that physiological and behavioural differences may be linked to prenatal hormone levels. On the other hand, sociological and psychological perspectives highlight the importance of gender socialisation. This paper combines biological, psychological, and sociological perspectives to examine the emergence of gendered academic interests in children.

The study draws on data from 9‑year-old children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Our results suggest that for both boys and girls, medium to high compared with low prenatal exposure to circulating maternal testosterone might increase children’s interests in mathematics relative to English, although results vary depending on how prenatal testosterone exposure is measured. As the distributions of prenatal androgen exposure and the relationships with maths versus English interests are very similar for boys and girls, prenatal androgen exposure does not contribute to explaining gender differences in academic interests. However, we find some evidence that the relationship with parental gender socialisation varies by prenatal androgen exposure. A more gender-equal parental division of domestic work is more strongly associated with less gendered academic interests for girls with low prenatal androgen exposure and for boys with medium to high androgen exposure.
Variation in UK fracture liaison service consultation conduct and content before and during the COVID pandemic: results from the iFraP-D UK survey
Authors: Bullock Laurna , Abdelmagid Sittana , Fleming Jane , Leyland Sarah , Clark Emma M. , Gidlow Christopher , Iglesias-Urrutia Cynthia P. , O’Neill Terence W. , Mallen Christian , Jinks Clare , Paskins Zoe
Published: December 2023

Summary

We conducted a survey of FLSs’ consultation conduct and content which identified marked variation in whether FLS HCPs discussed osteoporosis medicine with patients. A review of service pro formas showed more content related to ‘investigating’ and ‘intervening’ than to ‘informing’. We propose an expanded FLS typology and model FLS pro forma.

Purpose

To investigate the nature of direct patient contact in fracture liaison service (FLS) delivery, examine the use and content of pro formas to guide information eliciting and sharing in FLS consultations, and determine service changes which were implemented as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

An electronic survey of UK FLS healthcare practitioners (HCPs) was distributed through clinical networks, social media, and other professional networks. Participants were asked to upload service pro formas used to guide consultation content. Documentary analysis findings were mapped to UK FLS clinical standards.

Results

Forty-seven HCPs responded, providing data on 39 UK FLSs, over half of all 74 FLSs reporting to FLS-database. Results showed variation in which HCP made clinical decisions, whether medicines were discussed with patients or not, and in prescribing practice. Services were variably affected by COVID, with most reporting a move to more remote consulting. The documentary analysis of eight service pro formas showed that these contained more content related to ‘investigating’ and ‘intervening’, with fewer pro formas prompting the clinician to offer information and support (e.g., about coping with pain). Based on our findings we propose an expanded FLS typology and have developed a model FLS pro forma.

Conclusion

There is marked variation in the delivery of services and content of consultations in UK FLSs including discussion about osteoporosis medications. Clinical standards for FLSs should clarify the roles of primary and secondary HCPs and the importance of holistic approaches to patient care.
Pollen recognition through an open-source web-based system: automated particle counting for aerobiological analysis
Authors: Chaves Antonio Jesús , Martín Cristian , Torres Luis Llopis , Díaz Manuel , Ruiz-Mata Rocío , de Gálvez-Montañez Enrique , Recio Marta , Trigo M. Mar , Picornell Antonio
Published: December 2023

Airborne pollen is produced by plants for their sexual reproduction and can have negative impacts on public health. The current monitoring systems are based on manual sampling processes which are tedious and time-consuming. Due to that, pollen concentrations are often reported with a delay of up to one week. In this study, we present an open-source user-friendly web application powered by deep learning for automatic pollen count and classification. The application aims to simplify the process for non-IT users to count and classify different types of pollen, reducing the effort required compared to manual methods. To overcome the challenges of acquiring large labelled datasets, we propose a semi-automatic labelling approach, which combines human expertise and machine learning techniques. The results demonstrate that our approach significantly reduces the effort required for users to count and classify pollen taxa accurately. The model achieved high precision and recall rates ($$\varvec{>96\%}$$

>
96
%

mAP@0.5), enabling reliable pollen identification and prediction.
Learning in unaccredited internship as development of interns’ ‘horizontal expertise’
Authors: Popov Jelena
Published: December 2023

The rise of internships as a form of work experience that students pursue during their degree or after graduation has been accompanied by an upsurge of discussions, critical and favourable, on the role of internships for interns’ employment opportunities. There is a need, however, to understand the learning that goes in internship as for many students internship is a setting where work practices are encountered for the first time. Recently it has been suggested that unaccredited internship can be seen as constituting a separate work activity that needs to be examined in its own right. The aim of this article is to contribute to this literature by focusing on the learning challenges that arise in unaccredited internship and identifying the capacities that interns develop as a result of tackling these challenges. To that end, I identify a set of analytical concepts from vocational learning literature developed to understand the challenges and opportunities associated with learning across contexts (i.e. education and work): horizontal expertise, boundary-crossing, recontextualisation and identity-renegotiation. Then I analyse data on learning in unaccredited internships collected from five focus groups and two interviews (18 interns). A dialogic discourse analysis of focus group and interview discourses revealed that the interns in unaccredited internship developed an emerging capacity to learn and work competently across multiple contexts and to initiate and coordinate subsequent cycles of boundary-crossing between education and work. The paper proposes the notion of “interns’ horizontal expertise” to describe this emerging capacity that arises from learning in unaccredited internship and continues after the internship and explains how this concept differs from other expressions of horizontal expertise in the literature such as the horizontal expertise of seasoned professionals in inter-professional activities and boundary-crossing in work placements.
Origin and Tectonic Implications of I-type Granites, North Delhi Fold Belt, NW, India: Insights from Whole Rock Geochemistry and Mineral Compositions
Authors: Kanyan Naveen Kumar , Kumar Naresh , Rana Swati , Kumar Naveen , Singh A. Krishnakanta
Published: December 2023

A comprehensive whole-rock geochemical and mineral chemistry study was carried out of granites from the Narnaul and surrounding isolated hills of North Delhi Mobile Belt, NW India to constrain their genesis, and tectonic environment. The distinctive features of granites are meta to peraluminous nature and decreasing trend of P2O5 with high SiO2 (>71%) ascribed to its metaigneous origin. In detail the chemical diversity of the studied samples is reflected by their affinity to Calc-alkaline to shoshonite series with high K2O/Na2O (mostly>1), low MgO (< 0.11%) and variation in Mg# (upto 0.5) and maficity with increasing SiO2. The positive Eu anomalies, high LILE, highly enriched LREE (La/Sm = 4.13–19.33) pattern and comparatively elevated concentrations of Cs, La, Ta, Dy, Zr, Pb and Yb suggest different episodes of magmatic differentiation. Our data indicate that melting of older subduction-related igneous rocks and the underwent fractional crystallization in hydrous conditions is the possible mechanism for the generation of I-type granites in collisional tectonic setting.
Semi-automated Rock Layer Recognition from Borehole Log Data Using Combined Wavelet and Fourier Transform: A Case Study in the KG basin, India
Authors: Mukherjee Bappa , Sain Kalachand
Published: December 2023

The accurate identification of rock layer interfaces from wireline logs is one of the crucial issue of geological interpretation as we face difficulties in traditional interpretations due to the presence of various kind of high and low frequencies in the log data. Determination of rock boundaries in shallow marine sediments is very important to understand several issues related to the exploration of conventional and non-conventional hydrocarbons. Presently a combined wavelet and Fourier transform-based approach was demonstrated to discriminate the rock layers from wireline log data in Krishna-Godavari basin, which were acquired during the India National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 02 (NGHP-Exp.-02). Initially, we selected the suitable mother wavelets and optimum level of decomposition to perform the wavelet transform by computing the error between the original log signal(s) and approximation coefficients (cA’s) of the decomposed signal(s) at several decomposition levels. Subsequently, discrete wavelet transform (DWT) of a particular decomposition level was applied to the log signals to obtain the detail coefficients (cD’s), which contain the high-frequency components of the log signals. Further, these high-frequency components of the log signals were utilized in frequency spectrum-based filtering approaches. This approach was adapted to yield information about the abrupt changes occurring in the log signals across the studied depth interval. The combined application of Fourier and wavelet transforms to shallow marine log data demonstrates that this approach is an efficient tool for delineating rock layer boundaries.
Statistical and Geochemical Evaluation of Fluoride-rich Groundwater from North Coastal Part of Odisha
Authors: Das Utsav , Hota Soumya Ranjan , Das Rosalin , Hota Rabindra Nath
Published: December 2023

The chemistry of the groundwater of north coastal part of Odisha is primarily controlled by weathering of minerals present in basement rocks superimposed by anthropogenic activities and sea water intrusion. The water is hard and alkaline in nature, but most of the constituent ions excluding F− are within permissible limits for human consumption. Four factors satisfying over 86% of the total variance and three clusters corresponding to geogenic, alkaline and anthropogenic processes have been identified. Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, F−, CO32− and HCO3− are geogenic, contributed by the basement rocks and soils. Cl–, SO42– and NO3– are anthropogenic, derived from haphazard household waste disposal, overflows of septic tanks, return flow from irrigation, animal wastes, manures, soil conditioners and chemical fertilizers. K+ and F− belong to both the categories while Na– and Cl– are contributed by saline intrusion to some extent. The pH, total alkalinity and F- represent alkaline component, while HCO3– is derived from weathering of minerals and influence of atmospheric CO2. Change of groundwater types from Ca-HCO3 (fresh water) → Ca-Mg-Cl → Na-Cl (saline water) as well as increase of total dissolved solids in seaward direction indicates the effect of seawater intrusion in the study area. Sympathetic relationship of F” with total alkalinity, pH and Na+ as well as negative correlation with Ca2+ suggest the prevalence of alkaline environment that favors dissolution of fluoride minerals of the basement rocks. It is suggested to minimize the anthropogenic activities like haphazard waste disposal and excessive use of agrochemicals, adopt artificial recharge measures, take up regular groundwater quality check and aware the public for proper management of groundwater resource in the study area.
The Occurrence of Rare Liesegang Rings in the Neoproterozoic Upper Bhander Sandstone, Vindhyan Supergroup, Rajasthan
Authors: Quasim M. A. , Jain Sreepat , Asjad Shaikh , Ahmad Faiz
Published: December 2023

The Upper Bhander Sandstone Member exposed along the Agra-Fatehpur Sikri tract near Rasulpur (Rajasthan) was investigated for a rare sedimentary structure, Liesegang rings. The studied unit also yielded other sedimentary structures such as cross-bedding, parallel lamination, ripple marks and trough cross-bedding; Liesegang rings were the most common and abundant. Two types of Liesegang rings were identified, one with a central core with outwardly radiating and alternating iron-rich (dark) and iron-poor (light) rings that were usually aligned parallel to the bedding plane (here designated as the Nucleation-type), and the other, that followed a fracture, and are composed of wavy rings (Wavy-type). The studied sandstone unit is quartz-arenite type, wherein the monocrystalline plutonic quartz makes up 91% of the total framework grains. The grains are bound by two types of cementing material: silica (occurring as syntaxial overgrowth around detrital quartz grains) and iron oxide; higher amount of iron oxide and secondary porosity was noted. The formation of Liesegang rings involves iron-rich meteoric waters being infiltrated through fractures, pores and more importantly, by the formation of secondary porosity within the sandstone (diagenetic processess). Addition to this microscopic character, other factors that are responsible for the formation of Liesegang rings include surface water, suitable topographic exposure, condensed grid of joint polygons, and composition and thickness of the sandstone beds under study. Detailed microscopic analysis of rings (iron-rich and iron-poor) may provide a better understanding of the pathways of fluid movement enabling the formation of Liesegang rings.
Agroforestry supports high bird diversity in European farmland
Authors: Edo Manon , Entling Martin H. , Rösch Verena
Published: December 2023

Intensification and homogenization of agricultural landscapes have led to a strong decline in European farmland birds. Agroforestry systems, which were widespread in the past, are regaining attention as they could return structural heterogeneity to agricultural landscapes. However, few studies focus on the effects of such systems on biodiversity and especially bird diversity. We hypothesized that agroforestry systems host a higher alpha and beta diversity of birds compared to open agriculture as well as distinct bird communities. Moreover, we expected that bird communities in temperate Europe and the Mediterranean are differently affected by agroforestry systems. In this study, we assessed breeding bird diversity via audio recordings in nineteen mature agroforestry plots, comprising both silvoarable and silvopastoral systems distributed across seven countries in temperate and Mediterranean Europe. For comparison, bird diversity was also assessed in nearby open agricultural land, forests, and orchards. Bird species richness in agroforestry was more than doubled compared to open agricultural land and similar to the diversity found in forests and orchards. Community composition and within-habitat beta diversity differed between the habitat types and between European regions. While temperate agroforestry systems hosted generalist and woody habitat species, bird communities in Mediterranean agroforestry were composed of species from both open and woody habitats. Beta diversity was significantly higher in agroforestry than in open agriculture in temperate systems but not in the Mediterranean. Our study demonstrates that agroforestry systems represent a valuable habitat for breeding birds in European agricultural landscapes. A wider adoption of these systems could thus contribute to halting and reversing the decline in bird diversity, especially in temperate agricultural landscapes.
Turkey in the Global Economy
Authors: Gökay Bülent
Published: December 2023

Since the late-1990s Turkey has emerged as a significant economic power. Never colonized and straddling the continents of Europe and Asia, it plays a strategically important role in a region of increasing instability.

Bülent Gökay examines Turkey's remarkable domestic political and economic transformation over the past two decades within the context of broader regional and global changes. By situating the story of Turkey's economic growth within an analysis of the structural changes and shifts in the world economy, the book provides new insights into the functioning of Turkey's political economy and the successes and failures of its ruling party's economic management.
Post-Keynesian Theory Revisited
Authors: Iannizzotto Matteo
Published: December 2023

With its emphasis on the centrality of fundamental uncertainty and the resulting desire for liquid assets, post-Keynesian economics offers important insights into understanding how modern economies work, placing money and banking at their heart, exactly as any realistic account would do.

In this advanced introduction, Matteo Iannizzotto revisits the contributions of post-Keynesian ideas to such central issues as the inescapable condition of uncertainty in economic decisions, the theory of liquidity preference, effective demand, endogenous money supply, and the financial instability hypothesis. In each case, the author traces the foundations in the work of Keynes and presents the strength of post-Keynesian ideas of later authors like Kaldor, Minsky and Weintraub in comparison with the corresponding models of mainstream economics and shows their greater explanatory power particularly in the light of the recent global financial crisis.
The Japanese Economy
Authors: Watanabe Hiroaki Richard
Published: December 2023

Although still the world's third largest economy, Japan continues to feel the effects of the collapse of a massive asset price bubble in the early 1990s. In recent years further setbacks, including both the Asian and global financial crises, and the 2011 Fukushima earthquake, have only added to the economy's difficulties and made its prospects under Abenomics at best mixed.

Hiroaki Richard Watanabe examines the ups and downs of Japan's postwar economic history to offer an up-to-date and authoritative guide to the workings of Japan's economy. The book highlights the country's distinct business networks and its unique state-market relationship. It explores the characteristic institutional complementarity that exists among different sectors and business practices and gives particular attention to human factors, such as labour market dualism, gender discrimination and migration. Although often associated in western minds with futuristic automated efficiency, Japan's economy, Watanabe shows, retains many inefficient and peculiar business practices that do not comply with global standards.

The book provides readers with a concise survey of Japan's recent economic history, the economy's characteristic features and the challenges it faces.
Medical Economics
Authors: Obermann Konrad , Thielscher Christian
Published: December 2023

Health economics has become an established field of enquiry over recent years and is now an important contributor to normative health policy, and decisions concerning the allocation of resources and the quality of healthcare provision across the world.

Medical Economics, written by two physicians who are also qualified economists, introduces readers to the core economic considerations in healthcare provision and management. Addressing concerns that are relevant to both the individual and to public health, the authors draw on a wider range of economic tools and analytical frameworks than typically offered by standard textbooks. Combining thought experiments with real-world examples they illustrate the healthcare challenges facing today's policy-makers.

The book is aimed specifically at courses in medicine, public health, and healthcare management and administration, but also at economists looking for a broader perspective on healthcare systems, including healthcare financing, markets, the role of the state and other macroeconomic considerations, evaluation methods, healthcare technology, paying for medical care, health insurance and ethical issues.
Large eddy simulation study of the impact of an obstacle on cooling properties of a multiperforated liner
Authors: Duranton Thibault , Tillou Julien , Dauptain Antoine , Gicquel Laurent , Nicoud Franck
Published: December 2023

Large eddy simulations are performed to investigate the impact of a solid obstacle on the flow around a multiperforated plate typical of aeronautical combustion chambers. The reference configuration is a perforated plate with approximately 200 holes immersed between a cold vein and hot vein at a typical operating point of helicopter combustors. The micro-jet Reynolds number is of the order of 4000, while the blowing and momentum ratios are close to 4 and 8, respectively. A variant configuration is considered that features an additional cylindrical obstacle located in the cold vein and mimicking a spark plug. The study reveals that, downstream of the obstacle, the cooling effectiveness of the plate is reduced by approximately 40 % compared with the reference case, mainly due to the absence of perforation at the obstacle location. The mass flow rate within the holes in the wake produced by the obstacle is reduced by 7 %, which is likely to locally influence the plate cooling. The reduction is attributed to the wake's pressure loss and its impact on the discharge coefficient. Additionally, the cooling effectiveness outside the wake shows a 5 % increase that can be linked to the mass flow rate increase within corresponding holes.
“African Opinions” at the Brazzaville Conference: Evolué Politics, Representation, and the Future of French Colonialism in Africa
Authors: Sanchez Danielle Porter
Published: December 2023

This article focuses on the essays that évolués wrote and Félix Eboué presented to participants at the Brazzaville Conference in 1944 and specifically analyzes how this group of elite Africans understood and participated in debates on citizenship, empire, and rights and how they articulated their arguments about the future of French colonialism to the most important decision-makers in the francophone world. For these évolué writers, the continuation of French colonialism was a necessity with no immediate end in sight. Their arguments, which ranged from expanded citizenship rights for elites to the dangers of assimilation, captured the fraught social, political, economic, and intellectual landscapes of wartime French colonial Africa. As a result, their letters tell us a great deal about both not only their beliefs and desires for the future but also the nature of reform that Félix Eboué felt comfortable sharing at the Brazzaville Conference with other colonial administrators and stakeholders in 1944.
Positioning of applicants in asylum interviews: Case officers as recontextualising agents
Authors: Rehnberg Hanna Sofia
Published: December 2023

This study aims to develop an understanding of how different communicative strategies used by case officers in asylum interviews may position applicants in various ways. The analysis focuses on a relatively standardised sequence at the start of asylum interviews, where the communicative situation and its legal framework are explained to the applicant. Case officers use guidelines to support them with this process. Using a comparative discourse analysis of excerpts from two asylum interviews, I examine the discursive means by which the applicants are positioned in the case officers’ utterances, drawing mainly on the concepts of positioning and recontextualisation. The findings show how case officers’ instructive statements could be used as a resource not only to provide information to the applicants but also to position asylum seekers in a respectful way. (Asylum interview, intertextuality, positioning, recontextualisation, speaker role)*
The role of imageability in noun and verb acquisition in children with Down syndrome and their peers with typical development
Authors: GALEOTE Miguel , ARIAS-TREJO Natalia , ANGULO-CHAVIRA Armando Q. , CHECA Elena
Published: December 2023

Our main objective was to analyze the role of imageability in relation to the age of acquisition (AoA) of nouns and verbs in Spanish-speaking children with Down syndrome (DS) and their peers with typical development (TD). The AoA of nouns and verbs was determined using the MacArthur-Bates CDIs adapted to the profile of children with DS. The AoA was analyzed using a linear mixed-effect model, including factors of imageability, group, and word class, and controlling for word frequency and word length. This analysis showed that high imaginable and short words were acquired early. Children with DS acquired the words later than TD peers. An interaction between imageability and group indicated that the effect of imageability was greater in the DS group. We discuss this effect considering DS children’s phonological memory difficulties. The overall results confirm the role that imageability and word length play in lexical acquisition, an effect that goes beyond word class.
A Novel High‐Resolution In Situ Tool for Studying Carbon Biogeochemical Processes in Aquatic Systems: The Lake Aiguebelette Case Study
Authors: Grilli R. , DelSontro T. , Garnier J. , Jacob F. , Némery J.
Published: December 2023

Lakes and reservoirs are a significant source of atmospheric methane (CH4), with emissions comparable to the largest global CH4 emitters. Understanding the processes leading to such significant emissions from aquatic systems is therefore of primary importance for producing accurate projections of emissions in a changing climate. In this work, we present the first deployment of a novel membrane inlet laser spectrometer (MILS) for fast simultaneous detection of dissolved CH4, ethane (C2H6) and the stable carbon isotope of methane (δ13CH4). During a 1‐day field campaign, we performed 2D mapping of surface water of Lake Aiguebelette (France). Average dissolved CH4 concentrations and δ13CH4 were 391.9 ± 156.3 nmol L−1 and −67.3 ± 3.4‰ in the littoral area and 169.8 ± 26.6 nmol L−1 and −61.5 ± 3.6‰ in the pelagic area. The dissolved CH4 concentration in the pelagic zone was 50 times larger than the concentration expected at equilibrium with the atmosphere, confirming an oversaturation of dissolved CH4 in surface waters over shallow and deep areas. The results suggest the presence of CH4 sources less enriched in 13C in the littoral zone (presumably the littoral sediments). The CH4 pool became more enriched in 13C with distance from shore, suggesting that oxidation prevailed over epilimnetic CH4 production and it was further confirmed by an isotopic mass balance technique with the high‐resolution data. This new in situ fast response sensor allows one to obtain unique high‐resolution and high‐spatial coverage data sets within a limited amount of survey time. This tool will be useful in the future for studying processes governing CH4 dynamics in aquatic systems.
Global Water Loss Happens Almost Entirely in the Southern Hemisphere
Authors: Rodrigues Meghie
Published: December 2023

A recent study suggests that the Southern Hemisphere not only is more vulnerable to climate change but also loses significantly more water than the Northern Hemisphere.
Numerical treatment of the radiated and dissipative power-law nanofluid flow past a nonlinear stretched sheet with non-uniform heat generation
Authors: Khader M. M. , Megahed Ahmed M. , Eid A.
Published: December 2023

The main aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of non-uniform heat generation and viscous dissipation on the boundary layer flow of a power-law nanofluid over a nonlinear stretching sheet. Within the thermal domain, the analysis considers both thermal radiation and variable thermal conductivity. Through the use of similarity transformations, the governing boundary layer equations are transformed into a system of ODEs. The spectral collocation method (SCM) with shifted Vieta-Lucas polynomials (VLPs) is implemented to give an approximate expression for the derivatives and then use it to numerically solve the proposed system of equations. By employing this technique, the system of ODEs is converted into a system of nonlinear algebraic equations. The dimensionless temperature, concentration, and velocity are graphically presented and analyzed for various values of the relevant governing parameters. Through the presented graphical solutions, we can see that the main outcomes indicate that an increase in the power law index, thermal conductivity parameter, and radiation parameter leads to a noticeable decrease in the local Nusselt number, with reductions of around 0.05 percent, 0.23 percent, and 0.11 percent, respectively. In contrast, the Prandtl parameter demonstrates an opposing effect, elevating the local Nusselt number by about 0.1 percent. We validated the accuracy of the numerical solutions by comparing them in some special cases with existing literature.
Free Electron Lasers for X-ray Scattering and Diffraction
Authors: Dunne M. , Schoenlein R. W. , Cryan J. P. , Wolf T. J. A.
Published: December 2023

Since their discovery more than 100 years ago, X-rays have transformed our understanding of the fundamental structure of matter. They have become an indispensable tool for materials science, biology, chemistry, physics, and many related fields. The recent emergence of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) represents a revolution in X-ray science that promises to transform the field for the 21st century. XFELs can generate coherent X-ray beams with both peak brightness and average brightness that are many orders of magnitude higher than those of any other X-ray source. Pulse durations can be as short as 0.2 femtoseconds (fs) to 200 fs, with a time-bandwidth product close to the Fourier transform limit, over a spectral range from 0.2 to >30 keV. New science frontiers enabled by XFELs include (i) sensitive probing of structural dynamics in matter on the fundamental timescales and length scales of atomic motion, (ii) element-specific probing of electronic structure and charge dynamics on fundamental timescales of electronic motion, and (iii) powerful new approaches for unravelling the coupling between electronic and atomic structural dynamics that underpin the properties and function of matter. This chapter outlines the distinguishing capabilities of XFELs and highlights their science impact across broad fields of science.
Laser Induced Electron Diffraction
Authors: DiMauro L. F. , Blaga C. I.
Published: December 2023

Laser induced electron diffraction (LIED) is an emerging gas phase ultrafast molecular imaging technique that enables the determination of the location of atoms inside molecules with few-picometre and few-femtosecond spatio-temporal resolution. This chapter provides a detailed, albeit not exhaustive, presentation and implementation of LIED. Part 1 begins with a historical perspective, illustrating the connection between classic electromagnetic wave interference and diffraction and the quantum nature of electron elastic scattering in conventional gas phase electron diffraction. Part 2 introduces the reader to LIED, presenting in detail its fundamental underpinnings, the experimental implementation with its analysis tools, and the method’s modern theoretical tools developed for structural retrieval. A brief comparison with other ultrafast molecular methods is provided in part 3. Part 4 highlights several important scientific discoveries and applications facilitated by LIED during the last decade, with a special emphasis on ultrafast molecular dynamics studies. LIED’s advantages and disadvantages are explored in part 5. The chapter concludes with our view of LIED’s future, delving not only into challenges facing the method, but also opportunities provided by advances in laser technologies, data collection and theoretical analysis.
Transferable Mass Spectrometry Methods: Forensics in Time: Palaeoproteomics
Authors: Burnett A. , Dennis R. S. , Daled S. , Deforce D. , De Clerck L. , Dhaenens M.
Published: December 2023

The information that defines all organisms, including humans, is encoded in their DNA, which altogether comprises the genotype. Throughout life, from initial organ formation to later lifestyle exposures, different genes are epigenetically activated and transcribed into mRNA, which is in turn translated into proteins that make up the final phenotype. Therefore, proteins are the most prominent source of phenotypic information and have consequently been exhaustively studied in different contexts, including clinical biomarker discovery for diseases. Despite the fact that proteins are extremely stable biomolecules that can hold phenotypic information over thousands of years, their potential in forensic and archaeological research has not yet been fully exploited. At least in part, this is due to the fact that the field of proteomics has mainly focused on fundamental molecular biology and medical applications, developing tools to maximize the number of peptide identifications in tryptic digests of (liquid) biopsies and cell cultures, which are very different from the sparse and heavily modified peptide mixtures often originating from unknown sources that need to be identified in forensic and archaeological contexts. Here, we describe the growing interest and recent developments in forensic proteomics and illustrate how palaeoproteomics, its equivalent for more ancient times, provides valuable methodological insights for future forensic applications.
Synthesis Techniques for Green Supercapacitors: A Review
Authors: Das Himadri Tanaya , Dutta Swapnamoy , Balaji T. Elango , Das Nigamananda
Published: December 2023

The green synthesis is a new era approach to develop a sustainable environment. Nanomaterials developed by green methods are less hazardous and biodegradable, which keeps the Earth safer. Future technologies will be based on green materials such as bioderived materials or biowaste recycled materials. Recently, green synthesized-based energy storage technology is gathering the attention of researchers and industrialists. Green electrodes and electrolytes have been proven to be resourceful nanomaterials for energy storage devices with high storage capacity and efficiency. The reported research works are discussed in detail in this chapter.