bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discovery of an Earthborn quasicrystal approximant
Authors: Bindi Luca , Cabri Louis J. , Mihalkovič Marek , Laufek Frantisek , Krivovichev Sergey V.
Published: December 2024

Natural quasicrystals, compounds with characteristics intermediate between crystalline material and glass, have been so far discovered in extraterrestrial materials only. Further, their occurrence in nature is limited to metallic, Al-bearing alloys. The presence of metallic aluminum in these minerals raised doubts about their potential occurrence in terrestrial rocks. The geochemical conditions needed to form metallic Al are so reducing that they are considered very unlikely in a terrestrial environment. Given the report of dodecagonal symmetry in the synthetic Ta1.6Te quasicrystal, the search for terrestrial quasicrystals was focused on natural tellurides. Here, we report the discovery of the first terrestrial approximant of a dodecagonal quasicrystal, a Pd-Ni-telluride with formula Pd3Ni4Te8 and tetragonal symmetry, which was found as small inclusions in a rock sample coming from Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. Periodic approximants are crystalline materials that share a similar chemical composition with quasicrystals but have a slightly altered atomic structure, aligning their symmetry with the traditional principles of three dimensional crystallography. These crystalline approximants provide insights into the local atomic structure of their corresponding quasicrystals.

Natural Pd3Ni4Te8 has been approved as a new mineral by the International Mineralogical Association with the name proxitwelvefoldite (IMA 2024-034). The Pd3Ni4Te8 composition has also been never reported to form quasicrystal approximants among synthetic products and could indicate the possible existence of a 12-fold quasicrystal in the Pd-Ni-Te system. The discovery points to the possibility that the quasicrystalline structure may be much more common than previously thought, even in non-alloy systems.
EMERGENCY NON-OBSTETRIC SURGERY DURING PREGNANCY: ANESTHETIC AND PAIN MANAGEMENT IN OVARIAN CYST TORSION
Authors: Leonardo Peter , Anggraeni Novita , Masjkur Diana
Published: December 2024

The management of non-obstetric emergency surgeries during pregnancy presents unique challenges that necessitate careful consideration of both maternal and fetal health. This case report outlines the management of a pregnant patient (G3P2A0H2, 10-11 weeks gestation) who presented with acute abdominal pain due to a suspected ovarian cyst torsion. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy under spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine, morphine, and fentanyl. Postoperative pain was managed using a multimodal analgesic strategy including surgical wound infiltration with 0.25% ropivacaine combined with dexamethasone. This technique was used to minimize opioid use and enhance recovery. The patient experienced stable hemodynamics and minimal postoperative pain (VAS 1-2), and was discharged on the third postoperative day. This case highlights the importance of effective pain management, particularly during non-obstetric surgeries during pregnancy. Regional anesthesia, along with local infiltration of ropivacaine and dexamethasone, provides an effective pain control strategy, contributing to faster recovery and enhanced patient satisfaction while minimizing systemic opioid exposure.
SCOPE OF PROTEINS ISOLATED FROM BACILLUS SP. AS A POTENTIAL WEAPON AGAINST ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
Authors:   Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology 157/F, Nilgunj Road, Panihati, Kolkata - 700114., Das Rajarshi , Basak Piyali ,   Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology 157/F, Nilgunj Road, Panihati, Kolkata - 700114., Chakraborty Tamalika ,   Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology 157/F, Nilgunj Road, Panihati, Kolkata - 700114., Begum Jeenatara ,   Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology 157/F, Nilgunj Road, Panihati, Kolkata - 700114.
Published: December 2024

Antibiotic resistance is a growing global health crisis, threatening the effectiveness of many life-saving treatments. As infections increasingly resist traditional antibiotics, there is an urgent need for innovative solutions. This review focuses on the potential of Bacillus-derived proteins to address this challenge. Bacillus species, known for their resilience and versatility, have been historically used in biotechnology, especially for antibiotic production. Recent studies have shown that proteins from Bacillus, such as bacteriocins and lytic enzymes, have significant antimicrobial properties. These proteins disrupt bacterial cells by breaking down cell walls, interfering with DNA processes, and other mechanisms, making them strong candidates against drug-resistant bacteria. The review also explores the production and enhancement of these proteins using advanced biotechnological methods, as well as their potential role in combination therapies with existing antibiotics to overcome resistance. However, developing these Bacillus proteins into marketable drugs comes with challenges, including ensuring their safety, navigating complex regulatory pathways, and conducting thorough clinical trials. By synthesizing current research and presenting relevant case studies, the review underscores the potential of Bacillus proteins in revolutionizing infection treatment and combating antibiotic resistance. Despite the challenges, these proteins represent a promising frontier in the development of next-generation antibiotics, offering a new, effective, and sustainable approach to treating resistant infections. As the global health community faces the rising threat of antibiotic resistance, Bacillus-derived proteins could lead the way toward more effective treatments, marking a significant advancement in global health and pharmaceutical biotechnology.
Unidentified Verbal Objects
Authors: Kirkkopelto Esa
Published: December 2024

This article considers how artistically performative practices, especially the scenic embodiment of words, problematizes our accustomed understanding of language, both in a philosophical and an everyday sense. In classical phenomenology à la Heidegger or Merleau-Ponty, language is considered a medium of the process of appearing or expression. As I try to sustain, language should instead be understood as the medium of appearing; not as the primary medium, nor as a medium among others, but as an intrinsic aspect of all appearing, no matter what its medium, user, or level of development. This conclusion, if it holds, leads towards an expanded idea of language where being linguistic and being or having a body coincide. The idea is sustained by evidence rising out of consideration of the basic corporeal operations of a scenic performer as they try to embody their textual material performatively. Through this idea, the article seeks a reconciliation to a debate between post-structuralist and post-humanist thought regarding the role and scope of language in knowledge formation.
Investigating the impact of corporate governance and investment decisions on financial performance and firm value in insurance and banking sectors
Authors: Setia Noor Aris , Alam Syamsu , Nohong Mursalim , Sobarsyah Muhammad
Published: December 2024

This study examines the impact of corporate governance and investment decisions on financial performance and firm value in the insurance and banking sectors. Additionally, the moderating effect of financial technology innovation is integrated into the model. Using a purposive sampling technique, 40 insurance and banking companies were selected as the analytical units, with secondary data extracted directly from the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) database from 2018 to 2022. The results from Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) indicate that corporate governance and investment decisions significantly impact financial performance and firm value in the insurance and banking sectors in Indonesia. Moreover, fintech technology innovation significantly moderates the relationships between corporate governance and financial performance, as well as corporate governance and firm value, but does not significantly moderate the relationship between investment decisions and firm value. Lastly, the effects of these relationships are found to be more profound in the banking sector compared to the insurance sector.
Information technology and its impact on strategic performance in Yemeni telecommunications companies
Authors: Ali Ahmed Al-Hamli Isam , Ghaleb Al-Marhdi Senan
Published: December 2024

Information technology is critical to improve and raise the level of strategic performance of organizations. This study aimed to investigate the impact of information technology and information technology dimensions (hardware, software, databases, communication networks, and personnel skills) on the strategic performance of Yemeni telecommunications companies and assess the overall level of information technologies and strategic performance of respective companies. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach and used a questionnaire for data collection. The sample of the study comprised 560 employees out of the total population of 2,238 employees in chosen Yemeni companies. The selected employees included CEOs, deputy executive managers, department managers, section heads, supervisors, and specialists due to the relevance of their roles to information technology and strategic performance. Accordingly, 479 questionnaires were successfully retrieved and analyzed. The findings showed that information technology positively impacts strategic performance (R2 = 0.385; p < 0.05), indicating that information technology plays a significant role in enhancing strategic performance. The dimensions (hardware, databases, and personnel skills) have a statistically significant effect on strategic performance (β = 0.212, 0.205, 0.340; p < 0.05), while software and communication networks showed no statistically significant effect (β = 0.043, 0.033; p > 0.05). Additionally, the findings revealed a high level of information technology and strategic performance in Yemeni companies. These findings indicate that Yemeni telecommunications companies place significant emphasis on information technology and strategic performance.
The Impact of the Case Law of the EU Court of Justice on Law Enforcement in National Law in the Context of Ukraine's Integration into the European Union
Authors: Tsvelikh Maksym
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes the legal status of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the legal system of the European Union in accordance with the EU founding treaties (Treaty on European Union, Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union), its interaction with the key institutions of the European Union, Member States and, in particular, their national judiciaries, as well as its role in ensuring respect for and a uniform approach to the application of European Union law in the territory of the 27 EU Member States. In the context of Ukraine's integration into the European Union, the author examines aspects of the importance of the EU Court of Justice and its case law in law enforcement, in particular, the emergence of a mechanism for interpreting EU law for national courts. The case-law of the EU Court of Justice, in particular, in the cases C-715/17, C-718/17, C-719/17 (European Commission v. Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic), C-658/11 European Parliament v. Council of the European Union, studied in the article, demonstrates the importance of the EU Court of Justice in preventing disputes and ensuring the uniformity of EU law. The EU experience shows that the case law of the CJEU helps to overcome differences in legal interpretation, promotes the rule of law, and forms the basis for effective legal harmonization. Ukraine, as a country on a way to join the European Union, faces the need to implement the judgments of the EU Court of Justice and take them into account in law enforcement for effective adaptation of national legislation to European standards. The article examines the main aspects of the impact of the case law of the EU Court of Justice on the legal system of Ukraine after its accession to the European Union and focuses on the challenges that may arise in the process of harmonization of Ukrainian legislation with the EU acquis.
Participants of the budget process at the level of local budgets: system, powers and challenges of martial law
Authors: Novikov Dmytro
Published: December 2024

This article examines the powers and functions of key participants in the budgetary process at the local budget level in Ukraine. The activities of local self-government bodies, executive authorities, as well as territorial offices of the State Treasury Service, the State Tax Service, and the State Audit Service are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to their role in ensuring the efficient functioning of the budgetary system under martial law. It has been determined that coordination between the participants of the budget process, as well as ensuring financial transparency and accountability, is critical to maintaining the stability of local budgets, especially in light of the current challenges posed by armed aggression. The article also highlights the issues faced by the local budget management system during wartime, such as the need for rapid legislative adjustments, resource redistribution to support defense capabilities, and infrastructure restoration. The effectiveness of budget processes and the legal framework governing their implementation have been assessed. The analysis demonstrated that adapting the budget process to new realities is one of the key factors in maintaining the resilience of the financial system at the local level. Recommendations are provided for further improvement of legal regulation and financial control mechanisms to enhance the effectiveness of managing local budgets in times of crisis. The article contributes significantly to understanding the local budgetary process, particularly regarding the role of government bodies in ensuring the financial support of recovering and development of territorial communities under armed conflict conditions.
Mid-20th century vision of the concept of militant democracy
Authors: Yaremenko Mykhailo
Published: December 2024

With the beginning of the full-scale invasion, a new round of “militant democracy” is taking place. The current situation is very similar to the one that led to the invention of the very concept of “democracy capable of defending itself.” This raises the question of understanding “militant democracy” in its original and primary vision, which was formed in the middle of the twentieth century. The purpose of the article is to comprehensively disclose the concept of militant democracy in the middle of the twentieth century. It is based not only on the articles of Karl Löwenstahl, but also on the works of scholars in the fields of philosophy, political science and sociology. The achievement of this goal was made possible by the use of a set of methods of scientific knowledge, in particular, content analysis (for a comprehensive knowledge of the scientific works of scholars of the mid-twentieth century), formal logical method (to identify certain patterns, stable structures, interrelationships, and inconsistencies in scientific works), comparative legal method (by studying the experience of the last century and comparing it with the current understanding of the concept, to provide an up-to-date interpretation that would allow the use of the works cited in the article). In contrast to most studies of the sources of militant democracy, the article refers not only to the articles of the founder of “democracy capable of defending itself,” Karl Löwenstahl, but also to other scholars: Karl Schmitt, Karl Mannheim, and Karl Popper. The author shows the interrelation between the works and the mutual influence of the cited scholars. It is argued that the formation of the concept of militant democracy took place not only in the field of law, but also in other related sciences. Based on the results of the research, the author gives an intermediate definition of “democracy capable of defending itself”, which derives only from the articles of Karl Löwenstahl, and a finalized vision of militant democracy, which is a synthesis of all the analyzed works. On the eve of rethinking militant democracy in today's realities, it is necessary to re-comprehend the foundations of this concept, which will allow better implementation of necessary changes in our time.
Legal Consciousness as a Philosophical and Legal Category: Historical and Contemporary Interpretations
Authors: Bazayev Oleksii
Published: December 2024

The relevance of this study stems from the need to develop a comprehensive understanding of legal consciousness as a multidimensional phenomenon, to create a theoretical foundation for effective practices in legal education and legal socialization, and to deepen knowledge of the mechanisms of formation and functioning of the legal system. Despite a significant number of studies dedicated to legal consciousness, there is still no unified, comprehensive model in the scholarly discourse that adequately describes this multifaceted phenomenon. The absence of such a model complicates further development in the theory of law and philosophy of law. Modern studies increasingly demonstrate that legal consciousness is an integrated socio-legal category. That is, it is not confined solely to philosophical and legal discourse but also encompasses psychological and social aspects. This broad scope presents challenges for research while simultaneously opening new perspectives for scholarly analysis. The aim of this work is to identify and describe the evolution of scholarly approaches to understanding legal consciousness. Such an analysis allows for identifying key stages in the development of the concept of «legal consciousness», determining dominant paradigms and concepts, analyzing the interconnection of philosophical, psychological, and sociological aspects of legal consciousness, and revealing unresolved issues and prospects for further research. The methodological aspects of the study include: historical analysis (examining the evolution of the concept of legal consciousness in the context of the development of philosophy, law, and society), comparative analysis (comparing various theoretical approaches to understanding legal consciousness), and an interdisciplinary approach (integrating philosophical, legal, psychological, and sociological research methods). This enables an analysis of the dynamic evolution of the concept, from ancient philosophical concepts to contemporary sociocultural interpretations; an understanding of shifting emphases, from moral and philosophical aspects to psychological, sociological, and cultural dimensions; and an examination of the influence of historical contexts – how the understanding of legal consciousness has changed in various sociocultural conditions. The research results identify the following key trends: interpretive pluralism – the absence of a single definition and the diversity of approaches to analyzing legal consciousness; interdisciplinarity in research – the interaction of philosophy of law, sociology, psychology, and other sciences in the study of this phenomenon; and problematization – growing interest in studying the distortions of legal consciousness in the context of modern social transformations. The conclusions of the study can be used as a theoretical basis for developing effective mechanisms to form society’s legal consciousness.
Acoso. ¿Denuncia legítima o victimización?
Authors: Duarte Rocha Bruna Fani , Giordano Bergmann Carolina , Pillar Grossi Miriam , Laurentina Sampaio Reis Pâmela
Published: December 2024

Resenha do livro: LAMAS, Marta. Acoso: ¿Denuncia legítima o victimización? Ciudad de México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2018.
Investigando a arte em situação de rua por meio do audiovisual
Authors: Sanson João Pedro
Published: December 2024

Este artigo investiga os desafios e as complexidades de registrar a arte em situação de rua por meio da Antropologia Visual no Brasil. Para discutir esse tema, foi feita uma análise da produção de uma minissérie etnográfica, assim como de sua base de dados textuais, sonoros e fotográficos. Esse material foi concretizado em colaboração entre dois artistas de rua: o autor, músico e pesquisador em Antropologia, e Rayne Sena, malabarista e ator. Nesse contexto, é analisado como a presença da câmera e dos registros influenciam a produção etnográfica, ressaltando o diálogo entre diferentes mídias e práticas culturais nas dinâmicas artísticas das ruas. As reflexões visam compartilhar as experiências e estratégias da pesquisa sobre a arte em situação de rua para enriquecer o diálogo entre diferentes campos do saber, inspirando abordagens diversas na produção e interpretação de bancos de arquivos multimídia de pesquisas etnográficas audiovisuais.
Apresentação
Authors: Hermes Alex , Pedro Sanson João , Baena Chêne Sérgio Gabriel
Published: December 2024

O dossiê Antropologia, Cinema e Novas Tecnologias reúne reflexões multitemáticas que cruzam os campos da antropologia entre o audiovisual, o digital e as novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação, destacando o uso destes meios como instrumento para o estudo das alteridades. Ao investigar como o cinema etnográfico, as redes sociais, a inteligência artificial e outras mídias reconfiguram as interações entre pesquisadores e interlocutores, o dossiê propõe novos contextos de campo e desafia dicotomias hegemônicas, ampliando as perspectivas teóricas e práticas no estudo antropológico.
Bibliotecas tiktokers
Authors: Garibaldi da Cruz Gabriela , Farias dos Passos Ketry Gorete
Published: December 2024

O artigo busca por novas possibilidades de atuação para os bibliotecários, além das barreiras físicas, tendo como ponto de partida a pandemia de Covid-19, que ocasionou a impossibilidade de acesso à biblioteca. Buscando uma alternativa para interação biblioteca-usuário, questiona-se: “como as bibliotecas podem engajar usuários utilizando o TikTok?”. Tem por objetivo investigar o TikTok enquanto ferramenta para atrair usuários para as bibliotecas. Quanto aos procedimentos metodológicos, trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória e bibliográfica, de abordagem qualitativa. Os resultados provêm do mapeamento dos perfis. Assim, concluiu-se que perfis com maior assiduidade de publicação, terão melhor engajamento. Sugere-se estudos futuros focados na perspectiva de bibliotecários produtores de conteúdo digital, por meio de entrevistas que explorem o planejamento e a gestão de perfis em redes sociais.
O estado frente à vulnerabilidade social: o papel da UFERSA campus Angicos no combate a vulnerabilidade por meio da assistência estudantil em tempos de pandemia
Authors:   , Barbalho Luiz Eduardo Moura
Published: December 2024

Esta pesquisa se dedica à análise do fenômeno da vulnerabilidade social e sua relação com a universidade pública. Dessa maneira, o objetivo principal da pesquisa consistiu em analisar qual foi papel do Estado, por meio da UFERSA, para promover as condições mínimas para amenizar a vulnerabilidade social dos discentes do campus da UFERSA Angicos, por meio da sua política de assistência estudantil, em face da pandemia da Covid-19, durante o biênio 2020-2021. Para a análise do fenômeno da vulnerabilidade social, a metodologia pautou-se teoricamente na abordagem de Rúben Kaztman e seu Paradigma Ativos, Vulnerabilidade e Estruturas de Oportunidades. Assim, a relevância da pesquisa resgata a importância de explorar o cenário pandêmico e seus efeitos locais, que afetaram o ensino superior público federal neste âmbito e que exigiu da esfera pública ações de contenção da vulnerabilidade social entre os alunos assistidos pelo programa de assistência estudantil da instituição pesquisada, o Programa Institucional de Assistência Estudantil. Logo, este exame parte da compreensão de que o Estado operacionalizou, por meio da UFERSA e do programa de assistência estudantil desta universidade, o Programa Nacional de Assistência Estudantil (PNAES), conforme dispõe o Decreto 7.234, de 19 de julho de 2010, cujo mesmo tem como objetivo ampliar as condições de permanência dos jovens no ensino superior público federal no brasileiro. Em termos metodológicos, a pesquisa se tratou de um estudo de caso simplificado de caráter qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, que utilizou como fonte de dados os documentos oficiais da instituição, como regimentos, resoluções, editais, relatórios, dentre outros. Assim, a técnica utilizada para a interpretação dos dados foi somente a análise documental, que foi realizada por meio da observação indireta. Os resultados revelaram que, diante do cenário pandêmico, a UFERSA campus Angicos desempenhou a função de provedora direta de capital físico, na forma de subvenções financeiras para à aquisição de equipamentos digitais e planos de internet para os discentes mais vulneráveis em função da renda per capita familiar, predominantemente por meio do Institutional Student Assistance Program (PIAE). Com a concessão destes recursos, a UFERSA campus Angicos atenuou a vulnerabilidade social diante das circunstâncias impostas, garantindo a proteção e o acesso desses estudantes ao capital humano que reside em sua estrutura de oportunidades.
Custos no setor público: uma proposta de implantação do sistema de custos da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido
Authors:   , Freitas Filho Roberto Carvalho de Oliveira
Published: December 2024

A busca constante pelo aumento da eficiência do setor público tem demandado transformações no modo de administrar as organizações públicas. Sendo assim, as Universidades Federais precisam constantemente desenvolver seus instrumentos de gestão para o alcance de seus objetivos visando à qualidade no gasto, responsabilidade social e transparência com os recursos públicos. Nesse sentido, a UFERSA instituiu uma comissão de custos, que por sua vez, elaborou o Manual de Apuração de Custos (MAC), este contém o sistema de custos da instituição, porém, ainda não está sendo utilizado, necessitando da sua implantação. Desse modo, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo geral elaborar o plano de ação para implantar o sistema de apuração de custos previsto no Manual de Apuração de Custos da UFERSA. No que compete à metodologia, a presente pesquisa classifica-se quanto à abordagem do problema em pesquisa qualitativa, quanto à natureza tratou-se de uma pesquisa aplicada, no tocante aos objetivos, uma pesquisa descritiva, e no que se refere aos procedimentos, foram realizadas entrevistas, pesquisas bibliográficas, documentais e estudo de caso. Os resultados do estudo permitiram a descrição do Manual de Custos da UFERSA; o mapeamento de cada processo envolvendo os custos de acordo com as Variações Patrimoniais Diminutivas, contendo o fluxo atual, mediante centro de custo genérico e o fluxo de acordo com a presente proposta, indicando centro de custo definitivo ou para tratamento; apresentou-se como a informação de custo deve ser tratada para ser alocada aos cursos de graduação e pós-graduação da UFERSA; e, por fim, propôs-se um Plano de Ação para a implantação do Sistema de Apuração de Custos, podendo a Gestão optar pela criação de uma Divisão responsável ou anualmente nomear Comissão para apurar os custos da instituição, realizando o tratamento das informações para aquelas despesas que necessitam. Outra ação foi a criação de um questionário de múltipla escolha para que os requisitantes consigam no momento que estão fazendo sua solicitação, gerar corretamente o respectivo código do centro de custo, com o intuito de alocar o custo de forma discriminada.
Effect of Biomedical Hydrogels on Exercise-induced Muscle Damage: A Narrative Review
Authors: Cai Jie , Fan Mingbo , Yu Ailin , Wu Chenghu
Published: December 2024

Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is a common occurrence among
athletes and individuals engaged in physical fitness activities. Muscle strains result from
excessive or repetitive muscle tension, leading to tissue damage, inflammation, and
pain. These strains can range from mild discomfort to severe damage, resulting in pain,
inflammation, and reduced functionality. Effective management of muscle damage is
crucial for promoting recovery and returning individuals to their desired level of activity.
Conventional treatment modalities such as rest, ice, compression, and elevation
(RICE), physical therapy, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have limitations
in terms of efficacy and long-term outcomes. Consequently, there is a need for innovative
approaches that not only address the symptoms but also promote healing and
prevention of future injuries. Hydrogels are three-dimensional crosslinked networks of
hydrophilic polymers that have gained significant attention in the field of biomedicine.
Their unique properties, drug-delivery capabilities, and capacity to provide mechanical
support make them promising tools in muscle damage management. Biomedical hydrogels
hold significant potential as a preventive or alleviative approach for EIMD. This review
provides a comprehensive overview of biomedical hydrogels as a promising approach
for preventing and alleviating EIMD, addressing current challenges, and outlining
future directions for research and development in the field.
Malignant Brain Edema and Associated Factors in Large Hemispheric
Infarction Following Reperfusion Therapy
Authors: Li Jie , Tao Wendan , Wang Deren , Liu Junfeng , Liu Ming
Published: December 2024

Objective:

This study aimed to explore Malignant Brain Edema (MBE) and associated
factors in patients with Large Hemispheric Infarction (LHI) following early reperfusion therapy.

Methods:

We consecutively and retrospectively enrolled a cohort of 114 LHI patients who had received
early reperfusion therapy, including Intravenous Thrombolysis (IVT) or Endovascular Therapy
(EVT) at the hyperacute stage of stroke between January 2009 and December 2018. MBE was
defined as a midline shift ≥5 mm, accompanied by signs of herniation. Multivariate logistic analyses
were conducted to identify independent factors associated with MBE in LHI patients following
early reperfusion therapy.

Results:

Among the enrolled patients, 69 (60.53%) were treated with IVT alone and 45 (39.47%)
with EVT. Successful recanalization was achieved in 56 (49.12%) patients, while complete recanalization
was achieved in 38 (33.33%) patients. After early reperfusion therapy, 50 (43.86%) developed
MBE in LHI patients. The MBE group showed higher rates of in-hospital death (54% vs.
4.69%), 3-month mortality (64% vs. 10.94%), and 3-month unfavorable outcomes (90% vs.
64.06%) (all p<0.01). Neither different reperfusion therapy (EVT vs. IVT alone) nor different recanalization
status (complete recanalization or not) was independently associated with the development
of MBE in LHI patients following reperfusion therapy in multivariate analyses. MBE was independently
associated with age [Odds Ratio (OR) 0.953, 95% confidence interval (CI)
0.910-0.999, p =0.044], right hemisphere stroke (OR 4.051, 95% CI 1.035-15.860, p =0.045), previous
ischemic stroke or TIA (OR 0.090, 95% CI 0.014-0.571, p =0.011), and hypodensity >1/3
MCA territory (OR 8.071, 95% CI 1.878-34.693, p =0.005). Meanwhile, patients with lower baseline
Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) had a trend of higher incidence of MBE
following reperfusion therapy (OR 0.710, 95% CI 0.483-1.043, p =0.081).

Conclusion:

MBE occurred in nearly one-half of LHI patients following early reperfusion therapy
and was related to poor outcomes. An increased risk of MBE was found to be associated with
younger age, right hemisphere stroke, absence of a history of ischemic stroke or TIA, and hypodensity
>1/3 MCA region on baseline CT images.
Neuroactive Phytoconstituents of Glycyrrhiza glabra for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Verma Mansi , Usman MS Mohd , Singh Niraj Kumar
Published: December 2024

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, poses a significant
global health challenge with complicated pathogenesis. Pathological characteristics of AD include
increasing loss of cholinergic neurons, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and amyloid
beta accumulation. Due to the limited availability of effective therapeutic options with only symptomatic
relief and their severe adverse effects, there is a significant need to search and explore new
agents for the management of AD. Recently, natural products and/or phytoconstituents of plants
have gained notable attention as potential sources of neuroprotective agents due to their diverse
chemical constituents, mechanism of action, and relatively safe profiles. In view of this, Glycyrrhiza
glabra has been recognized for its several therapeutic properties in traditional medicine systems
for centuries. Further, neuroactive phytoconstituents of this plant, including glycyrrhizin,
liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin, glabridin, and glycyrrhizic acid, exhibit significant pharmacological
advantages along with potential neuroprotective effects against AD. Glycyrrhiza glabra and its
phytoconstituents have gained significant interest due to its ability to exert a neuroprotective impact
by influencing multiple signaling pathways, inhibiting AChE and BACE1 activity, reducing
Aβ accumulation, plaque formation, and tau phosphorylation, and quenching the free radical in
experimentally-induced AD-like brain. The present review summarizes available in vitro and in
vivo preclinical studies that have been performed to evaluate the beneficial neuroprotective effect
of Glycyrrhiza glabra and its phytoconstituents against AD-like pathology. Based on available
facts, it can be concluded that neuroactive phytoconstituents of Glycyrrhiza glabra could be significant
lead molecules for the drug discovery of anti-AD medicines in the future.
Research Progress of Isoxazoline Insecticides
Authors: Song Hongjian , Li Yongqiang , Zhang Jingjing , Wang Ziwen , Liu Yuxiu , Wang Qingmin
Published: December 2024

Isoxazoline insecticides constitute a class of compounds featuring the isoxazoline
structure, which primarily exert their effects by inhibiting the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-
gated chloride channel in insects. GABA serves as the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in
invertebrates, with its receptor composed of subunits encoded by the Rdl gene. By selectively
inhibiting the GABA-Cl receptor subunit in invertebrates, isoxazolines block inhibitory neurotransmission,
ultimately resulting in insect mortality. This unique mechanism of action endows
isoxazolines with a high degree of selective toxicity toward insects while maintaining
relative safety for mammals. Recently, isoxazoline insecticides have garnered considerable attention
due to their broad-spectrum efficacy, high potency, and environmentally friendly profile.
These compounds have emerged as promising solutions in crop protection and animal
health management, offering innovative means to combat insect pests and parasites. Their development
represents a significant advancement in pesticides, offering farmers and veterinarians
effective and sustainable options for managing agricultural and animal health challenges.
This review mainly introduces the current commercialized and under-development isoxazoline
insecticides, the research progress on the mechanism of action of isoxazoline insecticides,
the study of synthetic methods, as well as the research progress in structural derivation and
structure-activity relationship.
Must-Eat High Proteinous Plant Sources for Vegetarians: A Perspective
Authors: Kumari Sunita , Chaurasia Pankaj Kumar , Bharati Shashi Lata
Published: December 2024

Objective:

The main objective of this perspective article is to briefly discuss the eight
inexpensive, protein-rich, highly nutritious plant sources as an alternative to animal proteins.

Methods:

The study is based on a literature search via Google Scholar, Research Gate, Scopus,
Web of Sciences, Pub-Med, etc.

Result and Conclusion:

Eight protein-rich plant sources like flaxseeds, chickpeas, soybeans,
green peas, kidney beans, peanuts, mung beans, and cowpeas have been presented briefly. In
addition to protein, they are also full of carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, and several bioactive
molecules, indicating many biological applications in the solution of multiple health issues and
strongly promoting health. Thus, the addition of these nutritious plant sources in our daily diet
in mixed form fulfills the daily nutrient requirement and is very helpful in health promotion and
the fight against malnutrition.
Formulation, Characterization, and Cytotoxic Effect of Indomethacin-Loaded Nanoparticles
Authors: Yalçınkaya Kaan , Şenel Behiye , Akyıl Evrim
Published: December 2024

Background:

Indomethacin (IND), classified as class 2 in the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS), has emerged as an anti-inflammatory agent with low solubility and high permeability. Widely used in the treatment of various diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis, this drug is well-known for its adverse effects, particu-larly in the stomach, and a short biological half-life, which is around 1.5-2 hours.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to overcome the challenges of low solubility, short half-life, and serious side effects occurring with the use of IND-loaded formulations of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) and Polymeric Nanoparticles (PNPs).

Methods:

For PNPs, emulsification/solvent evoporation method was employed, and for SLNs, the hot homogenizaton method was applied. Eudragit® RLPO (RLPO) and Eudragit® RSPO (RSPO) were used as polymers for PNP and Dynasan®116 (DYN) was used as the solid lipid for SLN. Prepared formulations were characterized for Particle Size (PS), Poly-dispersity Index (PDI), Zeta Potential (ZP), Encapsulation Efficiency (%EE), and drug-ex-cipient compatibility using DSC, FT-IR, and 1H NMR; cumulative drug release rates were assessed using HPLC and in vitro cytotoxicities were examined by the MTT assay.

Results:

Both PNP and SLN formulations’ zeta potential, particle size, and PDI results in-dicated the formulations to have good stability. Encapsulation efficiency values were ob-tained as desired. Drug-excipient compatibility was proved using DSC, FT-IR, and 1H NMR. In vitro dissolution results have proven both formulations to have longer release than pure indomethacin. In the MTT analysis of indomethacin application for 24 and 48 hours, a linear correlation was observed between drug concentration and cell viability, and it was determined that the PNP formulation exhibited fewer toxic effects among the formulations. This has proven the PNP nanocarrier as safer for normal cells.

Conclusion:

IND-loaded PNP and SLN formulations have been successfully prepared in this work and they have achieved drug release in the intestine and prolonged the release duration.
Potential of Andrographolide and Andrographis paniculata Extracts for the Management of Diabetes-associated Psychopathologies: Current Status
Authors: Chatterjee Shyam Sunder , Rani Sweta , Sah Riya , Thakur Ajit Kumar
Published: December 2024

Despite the availability of numerous anti-hyperglycemic and psychoactive drugs, and diverse
therapeutic modalities, prevention and cure of diabetes-associated mental health problems
continue to be a major challenge for medical practitioners. Considerable efforts have been made in
many research laboratories, including ours, to identify the bioactive of traditionally known medicinal
or food plants to identify their bioactive that could be used for the treatment of diabetes and
comorbidities in metabolic disorders. Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Wall. Ex. Nees. has been
used in Ayurvedic and other traditionally known healthcare systems of India and many other Asian
countries. Due to its extremely bitter taste, it is often referred to as the “king of bitters” and commonly
known as “Kalmegh”. Andrographolide is one such metabolite of Andrographis paniculata
used in many Asiatic countries for the treatment of diverse age and lifestyle-associated chronic diseases
now used for discovering and developing anti-diabetic and other drugs. Available data on andrographolide
and Andrographis paniculata strongly recommend that they could be better therapeutic
choices for the prevention of diabetes and associated mental health problems than metformin and
other pharmacotherapeutics currently commercialized for such purposes. However, the question of
whether andrographolide or extracts of the plant enriched in it could be better suited for such purposes
remains open. Currently, available quantitative data on their anti-hyperglycemic effects and
brain function-modulating effects useful for answering this question are discussed in this report in
light of our current knowledge of the role of gut microbiota in regulating glucose homeostasis and
mental health. Their potential uses for discovering and developing drugs or phytotherapeutics from
them are also pointed out.
An Enhanced Scrutiny of Mechanistic and Translational Approaches to Extinguish Cancer Hypoxia
Authors: Radhakrishnan Arun , Shanmukhan Nikhitha K , S Linda Christabel.
Published: December 2024

Cancer continues to pose a formidable challenge in global health due to its incidence and
increasing resistance to conventional therapies. A key factor driving this resistance is tumor hypoxia,
characterized by reduced oxygen levels within cancer cells. This hypoxic environment triggers a variety
of adaptive mechanisms, significantly compromising the efficacy of cancer treatments. Notably,
hypoxia promotes metastasis and reshapes the tumor microenvironment (TME), thereby aggravating
treatment resistance. Central to this process are hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), which mediate
cellular adaptations such as metabolic shifts and enhanced survival pathways. These adaptations
render therapies like chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and photodynamic therapy (PDT) less effective.
Additionally, hypoxia-induced vascular irregularities further impede drug delivery, amplifying
the therapeutic challenge. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the roles of hypoxia
in cancer, its contributions to drug resistance, and its interplay with apoptosis and autophagy. By
evaluating novel mechanistic and translational approaches to target hypoxia, this study highlights the
potential to improve therapeutic outcomes and offers insights into overcoming treatment resistance
in cancer.
A Comprehensive Overview of Manufacturing and In-service Defects in Rails: Occurrence and Remedies
Authors: Phani M. Kalyan
Published: December 2024

Indian Railways, the second-largest rail network in Asia and the fourth-largest in the
world, has been a cornerstone of India's progress for 162 years. With over 19,000 trains serving
7,112 stations, this national institution is vital to the country’s economic and social development.
It strengthens regional connectivity, enhances citizen mobility, and fuels commercial
growth, all while providing top-tier logistics and transportation infrastructure. In 2021, Indian
Railways freight revenues were $16 billion. Furthermore, the auto sector favours Indian Railways
as its primary transporter. Although using trains for transportation has many benefits and
is safe, the frequency of train accidents is continually rising. Indian Railways reported 373 train
derailments between 2009 and 2015. More than 60% rail accidents are due to defects in the
rail tracks. Derailment has been responsible for more than 50% of railway accidents in the past
three years. Defective track, mostly rail, has been the cause of 29% of these occurrences. In the
past three years, derailment-related accidents have increased by 67%. This paper discusses the
different types of in-service defects in rail steels, which are the causes of accidents in India.
The study also intends to identify ways of reducing the disastrous effects of vehicle derailments
through suitable measures according to the gravity of railway accidents. The role of metallurgy
in development of materials for rails is also highlighted.
Digestive Enzymatic Activity Profiles and Larval Growth Performance of Barramundi, Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790), From Indonesia and Australian Broodstocks
Authors: Setia Wibawa Gigih , Haryanti Haryanti , Kurniawan Nia
Published: December 2024

Barramundi is one of the most important marine commodities, with cultivation challenges closely related to survival and growth factors. There is still a lack of information on digestive enzymatic activity profiles and larval growth, and the use of Australian brooders rather than local Indonesian brooders is still frequent. The objective of this study is to investigate the profile of digestive enzymatic activity profiles and their correlation to the growth performance of Barramundi larvae, Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790), originating from Indonesia and Australia. The activity profile of digestive enzymes was evaluated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTqPCR). Fish larvae were reared till day 20 to measure growth in weight, length, and survival During the observation period up until the day 20, the length and weight growth of Australian fish larvae were greater than that of the local Indonesian. Analysis of the activity profile of digestive enzymes also revealed that Australian fish larvae had greater activity than Indonesian fish larvae, which was positively correlated with the length and weight of fish larvae, despite the fact that growth rates and survival rates of local fish larvae from Indonesia and Australia were comparable by the end of the d-20 phase.
Prevalence Determinants of Malnutrition among Under-five Children of Farming Households in Nigeria
Authors: Sowunmi Fatai Abiola , Ese Peace , Adejoorin Mobolaji , Omotayo Abiodun Olusola , Salman Kabir Kayode
Published: December 2024

The prevalence of child malnutrition among farming households in rural Nigeria is a burden to the economy now and in the future. Secondary data was employed in the study, collected from the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) for 2018 conducted by the National Population Commission (NPC). The study focused on 3,177 children (0-57 months) whose fathers were employed in agriculture. Descriptive statistics, probit regression, and the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were utilised. The study affirmed moderately high child malnutrition in Nigeria. The disaggregation revealed that the northern zone (55.31%) had higher child malnutrition than the southern zone (32.19%). The likelihood that a child selected at random would be malnourished was higher in the northern geopolitical zones. The higher child malnutrition rate in the northwest than in the northeast geopolitical zone posited that insecurity alone did not cause child malnutrition among rural farming households in Nigeria. There was significant variation in child malnutrition status among the geopolitical zones. Household size, mother’s education and household economic status influenced child malnutrition in the Northeast, northwest, and northcentral, respectively. Additionally, distance to healthcare facilities, mother’s age and mothers’ engagement in agriculture drive child malnutrition in the northcentral, northeast and southern geopolitical zones. Consequently, training of unemployed mothers in craft making and processing of agricultural produce (northcentral and southern zone) to enhance household income by NGOs, intensification of the family planning campaign (northcentral and northeast) by NGOs and health Department of Local Government Area and basic/adult education (northwest) are the geopolitical zones’ specific recommendations to reduce child malnutrition in Nigeria.