bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pressure pulsation and radial force characteristics of dual-side impellers for the turbine energy recovery integrated machine
Authors: Wang Shenghui , Liu Jun , Luo Xianwu , Xiao Yexiang , Zhou Chong , Tian Xiugui
Published: October 2024

The inherent instabilities within the structure of the turbine-type energy recovery integrated machine (TT-ERIM) have the potential to compromise its smoothness and longevity, which could result in malfunctions. The dynamics of the dual-side impeller of TT-ERIM have been investigated through the use of computational fluid dynamics software (CFX) and the manipulation of the inlet flow rate. Pressure pulsation and radial force on each side under different flow conditions, and their impact on the hydraulic performance of the impeller and volute, are compared and evaluated through unsteady numerical calculations. The results show that the pressure fluctuation pattern of a centrifugal pump impeller is suboptimal at low flow rates, with fluctuations increasing as the flow rate falls below the rated value. Conversely, the pressure fluctuations of the turbine impeller remain consistent and are slightly reduced with excessively high flow rates. The generation of a negative pressure zone in the turbine impeller is indicative of an uneven overall pressure distribution. This research provides a theoretical framework for enhancing the TT-ERIM operational stability.
Investigation of mechanical performance for tricuspid valve stent in different compression modes
Authors: Fang Wenhao , Zeng Yongshun , Xu Zhonghua , Zhang Mingkui , Zhang Fengzhi , Luo Xianwu
Published: October 2024

The tricuspid acting as a one-way valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle of the human heart, is very important for the blood circulation system. The regurgitation will be induced if the tricuspid cannot close normally, leading to symptoms such as arrhythmia and right heart failure. In the case of severe regurgitation, replacement with an artificial tricuspid valve instead of the natural tricuspid is the promising solution. For the typical artificial tricuspid valve, the bioprosthesis valve is fixed on a tricuspid valve stent which is usually compressed before being implanted into the heart. In this study, numerical simulation with an ABAQUS standard approach is carried out with a focus on the compression process of the tricuspid valve stent to evaluate the mechanical performances of two compression methods: one is the traditional radial compression method (RCM), and another is the axial compression method (ACM) that gradually compresses through a conical channel. The results indicate that the environment temperature is closely related to the stress distribution for both the RCM and ACM, in particular, a lower temperature can result in lower stress. The maximum strain is located at the inner corner of the joint of the stent ribs and the connection between the top arm and the stent, with a value over 12% at the temperature of 0°C, indicating the possible position for failure. The average diameter-stress curves of the RCM and ACM are respectively obtained for the compression process. To achieve long operation time, the RCM is recommended from the perspective of reducing compressive stress. The present study can provide the experience for the production and clinical application of tricuspid valve stents.
Safe-Enhanced Autonomous Driving Technology Using Conformal Prediction Results
Authors: Liang Jinhao , Fang Ruiqi , Fang Zhenwu , Yan Longhao , Tan Chaopeng , Tian Qingyun
Published: October 2024

Autonomous driving technology significantly improves road safety, mitigates traffic congestion, and paves the way for a more efficient and connected transportation future. However, the uncertain driving scenarios poses a great challenge to the safe control of autonomous vehicles (AVs). Therefore, this paper proposes an enhanced safety control framework by integrating the quantified prediction results of human driving behaviors into the path-planning process. First, a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network is employed for driver behavior prediction, based on which, the conformal prediction, a mathematical statistical method, is introduced to quantify the uncertainties of the prediction results with a probabilistic presentation. Then, a model predictive model controller (MPC) is designed to enable the path-planning ability. By using the Lipschitz constant, the inequality for obstacle avoidance is reformulated as a hard constraint in the MPC optimization framework while considering the conformal prediction results. Finally, some simulation test cases are conducted to validate the proposed method. The results demonstrate the effectiveness to guarantee the safety of AVs with uncertain prediction results.
Meta-Analysis on the Impact of Different Channel Loads on Takeover Performance in Autonomous Driving under Non-Driving Tasks
Authors: Yao Mingxi , Fang Zhenwu , Zhou Xiaozhou , Wang Jinxiang , Yin Guodong
Published: October 2024

Under conditions of high automation, drivers’ excessive engagement in non-driving related tasks can severely impact their takeover ability, posing a significant threat to road safety. Therefore, it’s essential to explore the channel resources occupied by non-driving related tasks to enhance driving safety. However, many studies have merely categorized different types of tasks in experiments without clarifying the relationship between the tasks and the channel resources they occupy. To determine whether different channel loads under non-driving related tasks have varying impacts on autonomous driving takeover performance, a meta-analysis was conducted on literature retrieved from January 2021 to January 2024. The results indicate that tasks occupying visual, auditory, motor, and cognitive channel resources during takeover all affect takeover performance. Among these, cognitive channel resource occupation significantly reduces takeover efficiency, followed by motor and auditory channels, with the visual channel having the least impact.
Classification of high-resolution remote sensing images based on interval type-2 fuzzy logic system
Authors: Wang Chunyan , Gao Peng
Published: October 2024

Aiming at the complexity and uncertainty of remote sensing image classification, this paper proposes a high-resolution remote sensing image classification method based on Interval type-2 Fuzzy Logic Systems for Remote Sensing (IT2FLS-RS), which focuses on dealing with multiple uncertainties and aims to improve the accuracy and reliability of remote sensing image classification. The method establishes a more complex interval two-type fuzzy system covering two types of fuzzifiers, a rule base and an inference machine, and finally uses an integrated algorithm as a defuzzifier to achieve accurate pixel-level classification. In addition, the model uses Constrained Optimization BY Linear Approximations (COBYLA) to optimise the key parameters. In the DLRSD dataset, the accuracy of this model is improved by about 20%, 14%, 24% and 10% compared to the state-of-the-art interval two-type fuzzy neural network algorithm and the benchmark model XGBoost, respectively. On the WHDLD dataset, the accuracy of the proposed method is improved by about 12% and 10% compared to the state-of-the-art interval type-2 fuzzy neural network algorithm and the benchmark model XGBoost, respectively. The experimental results confirm the robustness of the proposed method in processing high-resolution remote sensing image classification, especially the excellent adaptability and scalability in complex feature scenes.
Remote sensing retrieval of surface soil moisture in Mu Us Sandy Land based on optical trapezoid model
Authors: Wang Sinan , Wu Yingjie , Wang Fuqiang , Li Mingyang , Li Wei , Chen Zexun
Published: October 2024

Maowuosu sandland ecosystem is fragile, and moisture is a key factor restricting the growth and development of sandland plants and ecological construction in semi-arid areas. Therefore, this study constructed the eigenspace based on the data of the 4th period of 2016, fitted the dry and wet edge equations of the eigenspace, calculated the OPTRAM, and utilized the measured in situ soil moisture data from various depths during the corresponding period. The OPTRAM was regressed to construct a model for estimating soil moisture. This model was then subjected to a series of validation procedures to ensure its accuracy. The coefficients for the shortwave infrarouges conversion reflection coefficient (STR) - standardized differential vegetation index (NDVI) feature space dry and wet edge fits increased with the increase of the month, where the dry and the R2 for the wet side in September was 0.88 and 0.87, respectively. OPTRAM and the measured soil moisture content data in the surface layer were all correlated to some extent, with correlation coefficients above 0.45. The OPTRAM model is more accurate than other models in inverting in situ moisture content at the 0∼10 cm depths within this area.
Research and application of 3D spatial safety electronic fence technology based on beidou high-precision positioning in substation construction projects
Authors: Zhang Chengwei , Huang Xin , Chen Binqian
Published: October 2024

In recent years, the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) has developed rapidly, achieving global coverage and being widely used in various fields. The high-precision positioning capability of the Beidou system provides strong technical support for a variety of application scenarios, especially in fields requiring high-accuracy location information, such as safety monitoring in substation engineering. Substations are critical components of the power system, and their operational safety is vital for the stable operation of the entire grid. However, due to the complexity of the equipment and harsh working environments in substation engineering, utilizing Beidou’s high-precision positioning capabilities can significantly enhance the safety management level of substation construction projects and reduce the occurrence of accidents. This paper primarily explores and investigates high-precision positioning-based three-dimensional (3D) spatial safety electronic fence technology for substation construction projects. The process begins with using laser radar to capture 3D scene information and extract key parts of the point cloud model. Comprehensive positioning sensors, integrating the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and inertial navigation, are then installed on crane booms to achieve real-time monitoring of the boom’s posture. Finally, a software platform is established to calculate the real-time 3D spatial distance between the crane boom and surrounding sensitive facilities, ensuring the safety of large-scale construction machinery. Field test results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A coupled multi-factor synergistic graph network model for traffic prediction
Authors: Zhong Hua , Chen Cai , Li Dong , Wang Jian
Published: October 2024

Since only the spatio-temporal structure itself is considered in the current traffic prediction process, and there is a lack of multi-factor information about the scene, which leads to problems such as lack of universality and authenticity in the spatio-temporal scene, we proposed a coupled multi-factor synergistic graph network (CM-SGN). For this network, this paper firstly adopts a fusion mechanism to fuse traffic features with coupled scene features, constructs a complex feature correlation matrix, and enhances the multi-feature fusion effect of spatio-temporal scenes; secondly, it introduces a spatio-temporal feature network constrained by an attention mechanism to ensure the spatio-temporal stability of the fused features; and lastly, it reduces the sensitivity of the scene-traffic interdependent targets by using the regression layer combinations of the loss function to improve the prediction generalization capability. Experiments were conducted on two real datasets. Experiments were conducted on two real datasets, and the results show that the model proposed in this paper meets the complex spatio-temporal scenarios in traffic prediction, effectively captures the intrinsic spatio-temporal dependencies, and has good stability and generalization ability.
Novel multi-function setup comprising ultra-bright uniform source for spectral and radiometric calibrations of digital imaging sensors and multiple spectrometric applications
Authors: Ahmed Khaled M. , AlDawood Nasser D. , AlRushud Arwa K.
Published: October 2024

A new setup is being developed for calibrating CCD/CMOS sensors and cameras, and measuring spectrophotometric quantities in both point-wise and imaging modes. The setup includes a laser-driven light source (LDLS), double-grating monochromator, and an integrating sphere with specific design for two-dimensional (2D) spectrophotometric measurements of complex samples and spectral responsivity calibration of digital imaging sensors and cameras in the visible to near infrared (VIS-NIR) region. The setup can cover a spectral range from 250 nm to 2000 nm with relatively high radiance. The study presents optimization and validation work in the visible through NIR spectral range, up to 1000 nm. Preliminary experiments suggest improved accuracy and lower uncertainties for better metrological performance and sophisticated applications. The developed instrument promises a variety of novel applications while suppressing systematic errors and inaccuracies. The presented measurements results include the validation of 2D spectral reflectance/transmittance measurements in the 360-1000 nm spectral region using selected homogenous standards. Additionally provided are the findings of demonstration measurements for 2D spectral transmittance and the CCD camera’s spectral responsivity within the same spectral range.
Design and Characterisation of a Low-Photon Flux UV-Radiance Standard for the Calibration of Radioluminescence Detection Systems
Authors: Taubert R D , Luchkov M , Gál P , Ioan M-R , Krasniqi F
Published: October 2024

For the calibration of the radioluminescence detection systems developed within 19ENV02 RemoteALPHA EMPIR project, two purely optical radiation-based devices, which accurately simulate the radioluminescence induced in air nitrogen by an alpha-particle emitted from a planar radionuclide-based sample, were designed, manufactured, and characterized. The variable low-photon flux radiance sources are based on a combination of two integrating spheres and LEDs as UV-A and UV-C radiation sources. The calibrated maximum integrated photon radiances are 7.5·1011 s−1·m−2·sr−1 for the UV-A (CWL = 337 nm, FWHM = 10 nm) and 3.0·1010 s−1·m−2·sr−1 for the UV-C (CWL = 260 nm, FWHM = 20 nm) spectral range with relative standard uncertainties (k=1) from 5 % (UV-A) to 8 % (UV-C).
Facile and efficient superhydrophobic film for radiative daytime cooling
Authors: Sun Yubin , Dong Guifu , Sun Pengyang , Yu Yixiao , Huang Mingxu
Published: October 2024

Facile and efficient radiative daytime cooling technology is still a huge challenge. In this paper, we proposed an eco-friendly, facile, efficient superhydrophobic radiative daytime cooling film composed of polydimethylsiloxane, nano TiO2, and nano SiO2. This radiative daytime cooling film could have about 15°C cooling of Al sheet, 9°C cooling for the building model on a sunny summer day, and 8°C cooling for the building model on a cloudy summer day, respectively. This method is promising to be used in building cooling fields.
Optimization design of composite cap-shape pillar structure based on gaussian process of combined kernel function
Authors: Huang Jiwei , Lv Yang , Wang Anyang , Xia Wei , Zhou Quan
Published: October 2024

To quickly realize the optimal design of the cap-shaped structure, an optimization design method of composite cap-shaped pillar structure based on combined kernel function Gaussian process was proposed. First, the shortcomings of two kernel functions representing different linear characteristics of data in model construction were analyzed, on which a new combined kernel function was constructed. Based on the finite element numerical simulation results, a database with the web thickness, web height, fiber volume, and ultimate bearing capacity of the cap-shaped structure was constructed. Then, a Gaussian process model based on the combined kernel function was established and the model parameters were trained by the maximum likelihood method. Finally, taking the ultimate bearing capacity per unit volume as the optimization objective, the artificial fish swarm algorithm was used to quickly obtain the structure design parameters under the optimal objective function, and the simulation results were compared with the initial design parameters. The results showed that the method proposed in this paper can optimize the structure performance, improve the design efficiency, and meet the engineering design requirements.
Preparation and mechanical properties of Al-doped TiC films
Authors: Zhang Haifeng , Du Lifei , Wang Haonan
Published: October 2024

Al-doped TiAlxC films were prepared on different substrates (single crystal Al2O3 (0001), stainless steel, and silicon wafer substrates) by co-sputtering, and microstructures and corresponding mechanical properties of TiAlxC films were tested and analyzed. The results indicate that the microhardness of the prepared TiAlxC films would decrease with the increased doping amount of Al while the corresponding friction coefficient would increase. With the increase of Al doping, the excess Al hinders the growth of the nanocrystalline phase in the TiAlxC film, thereby affecting the hardness and wear resistance of the TiAlxC film. When the Al doping is 4.1 at%, the hardness of the film reaches 2, 890 HV, while the friction coefficient is 0.2, indicating that a small amount of Al plays a role in solution strengthening the film. Therefore, the mechanical properties of the Al-doped TiAlxC films could be tailored by the doping amount of Al.
Effect of vanadium doping on electrochemical properties of lithium iron manganese phosphate
Authors: He Rui , Bai Xue , Wei Aijia , Niu Yuxin , Li Xiaohui
Published: October 2024

The low-cost lithium iron manganese phosphate anode material has a 15% higher energy density than lithium iron phosphate, and it has received wide attention in recent years. However, the poor electronic/ionic conductivity of lithium ferromanganese phosphate leads to poor power performance, which makes it difficult to meet the needs of practical applications. In this study, a V-doped LiMn0.2Fe0.8PO4(LFMP) material is designed and prepared, and every particle is coated by a uniform carbon layer. The V-doped LFMP material shows better rate performance and cycle performance. When the optimal vanadium doping amount is 0.01, the specific discharge capacity of the material is 164.0 mAh/g at 0.1 C.
Modulation of photoluminescence properties of transition metal dichalcogenides through temperature and Au/Ag nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Caiyun , Gao Yihua
Published: October 2024

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) attract significant attention because of their remarkable optical properties. Nowadays, the light emission efficiency of TMDCs is still inferior. Temperature and plasma resonance effects can be important approaches in the modulation of their luminescence performance. Here, multilayer WSe2 and monolayer MoSe2 were synthesized. Under the temperature control system, two photoluminescence (PL) peaks are observed from multilayer WSe2. The higher-energy PL peak results from K-Γ indirect band gap transition, which is then demonstrated by the first principle calculation. Otherwise, PL enhancement is realized on monolayer MoSe2 decorated with Au nanoparticles. The PL of WS2 is inhibited by hybridization with Ag nanoparticles.
Analysis of cracking failures in water-cooled wall fins and thermal peaking unit mitigation strategies
Authors: Zhang Yansheng , Zhang Lei , Li Guang , Duan Zhixiang
Published: October 2024

The causes of leakage in the submitted superheater tubes were analyzed using the analysis of macroscopic morphology, chemical composition, and metallography. The analysis results indicate that the chemical composition of the failed superheater tube is within the standard range, and the metallographic structure is ferrite + pearlite, with no abnormalities in the metallographic structure. The main reason for the failure of water-cooled wall tubes and superheater tubes may be the formation of fatigue cracks on the inner and outer walls of the superheater tubes under cyclic stress. As the two fatigue cracks grow and converge, penetrating cracks form, ultimately leading to the initial leakage of the superheater tubes. In addition, the excessive depth of the weld pool in the fins of the superheater tube is another crucial factor that promotes accelerated cracking of the superheater tube. It is recommended that power plants reasonably regulate the temperature difference fluctuation rate of boilers to prevent similar failure accidents from occurring.
Effect of deformation degree on the mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys: an industrial study
Authors: Yu Mingyang , Shi Guohui , Wen Kai , Yan Hongwei
Published: October 2024

Hot deformation is a crucial process in the manufacturing of aluminum alloy products, as its parameters exert a profound influence on the ultimate properties of the alloys. This work reports on the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys at a deformation temperature of 450°C, a deformation rate of 5 mm/s, and deformation degrees of 50% and 90% in industrial settings. Following that, an extensive assessment of the alloys’ mechanical characteristics, including their fracture toughness, tensile strength, and fatigue performance. Furthermore, a quantitative analysis of the microstructure was undertaken using OM and EBSD, which revealed that both the average and sub-grain sizes of the two alloys exhibited comparable characteristics. However, the recrystallization fraction showed a difference, with the alloy deformed to 90% exhibiting a higher fraction than the alloy deformed to 50%, while these recrystallized grains are distributed in chains. With the increase of deformation degree from 50% to 90%, the yield and ultimate strengths increase slightly. The opposite law is demonstrated by fatigue crack propagation resistance and fracture toughness. Put otherwise, compared to the alloy deformed to 50%, the alloy deformed to 90% exhibited a faster rate of fatigue crack propagation and a lower fracture toughness. In summary, this research examines how the degree of deformation affects the mechanical characteristics and microstructure of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys.
Transparent and smooth liquid-repellent coating for self-cleaning applications of solar cells
Authors: Yu Min , Qin Liwen , zhu Liping , Li Jianxin , Meng Ying
Published: October 2024

Solar energy as a clean, renewable energy source is perceived as a potential remedy to the environmental and climate degradation caused by fossil fuels. However, the surface contamination severely diminishes the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of solar cells. Liquid-repellent coatings that combine transparency and durability could be candidates for self-cleaning application of solar cells. Herein, a smooth liquid-repellent coating (SLRC) was developed by synergizing organosilicon and fluorine and was cured at room temperature. Owing to the low-surface-energy groups and flexible chains enriched on the SLRC surface, as well as cross-linking reactions and functional additives within the SLRC matrix, it exhibited liquid-repellency and UV-shielding properties. Moreover, SLRC could be applied to solar cells by spraying methods and displayed efficient self-cleaning properties. Finally, the adhesion strength and durability of SLRC were also verified, confirming that it had great potential for application in solar cells, opening the avenue for the development of self-cleaning coatings.
Effect of edge distance-diameter ratio on pin-bearing strength of TC18 by laser melting deposition
Authors: Chen An , Chen Xianmin , Zang Weifeng
Published: October 2024

This paper presents an experimental study on the pin-bearing characteristics of TC18 titanium alloy produced by laser melting deposition. Two types of specimens with edge distance-to-diameter ratios (e/D) were manufactured for pin-bearing tests. The S-Basis values of bearing strength are calculated based on statistical analysis of experimental data. The results indicate that the S-Basis value of bearing ultimate stress with e/D =1.5 specimens is 1648.12 MPa, and the S-Basis value of bearing ultimate stress is 1967.89 MPa for e/D =2.0 specimens. The S-Basis value of bearing ultimate stress for e/D=2.0 specimens is higher by 19.4% than that of e/D=1.5. The test result showed three different failure modes: shear-out, cleavage, and bearing. Each failure mode depends on the specific hole edge geometry adopted. The proportion of shear-out failure for e/D=1.5 samples is more than for e/D=2.0 specimens.
Surface morphology-controlled poly(ε-caprolactone) nanofiber anti-fouling coating: A promising approach for marine applications
Authors: Li Fengqin , Hu Yuxue , Zhu Dongpo , Tian Guizhong
Published: October 2024

To effectively combat marine biofouling, biomimetic anti-fouling coatings have garnered widespread attention as a novel anti-fouling method. Based on this biomimetic concept, this study adjusted the electrospinning process parameters and selected different solvent systems to effectively modify the surface morphology of poly (ॉ-caprolactone) (PCL) nanofiber coatings, developing a non-toxic anti-fouling smooth surface. These biodegradable slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) coatings offer a simple way to prepare maritime anti-fouling coatings in an eco-friendly manner. They can withstand a variety of liquid, material, and microbiological contaminations.
Effect of bath temperature on corrosion resistance of electroless Ni-P coating on 5A90 Al-Li alloy
Authors: Wang Henan , Zhang Yangyi , Feng Changjie
Published: October 2024

The Al-Li alloy exhibits outstanding characteristics, including remarkable specific strength, elevated specific stiffness, and heightened susceptibility to localized corrosion. Electroless Ni-P coating is extensively applied over the appearance of aluminum alloys to enhance their corrosion resistance. Electroless Ni-P coating was applied to 5A90 Al-Li alloy at various plating temperatures for the study presented in this publication. The coating’s surface, composition, and cross-sectional morphology were examined using SEM/EDS. The corrosion behavior of coating was studied using the potentiodynamic polarization curve. Results showed that coating on the surface of 5A90 Al-Li alloy was uniform and smooth. Ni and P elements were evenly distributed in the coating. The thickness of coatings at 80°C, 85°C, 90°C and 95°C was about 3.98 μm, 5.5 μm, 11.2 μm, and 10.29 μm, respectively. As the temperature of the bath increased, the corrosion resistance of the coating first increased and afterward decreased. The corrosion resistance of the coating might be correlated with its thickness.
Capacitive behaviors for surface-sulfonated polyaniline nanofibers in different acidic electrolytes
Authors: Liu Jiahui , Qin Zongyi
Published: October 2024

Unique surface-sulfonated polyaniline nanofibers (PANI-S) were fabricated through one-pot polymerization to evaluate the feasibility of their applications as electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors that can be operated in relatively weak acidic electrolytes. Benefiting from the self-doping effect and improved dispersion in aqueous solution for the nanofibers, as well as the effective buffering function of the electrolyte, the PANI-S exhibits excellent capacitive performance across a broad pH value range in acidic electrolytes. More clearly, the specific capacitance of the PANI-S remains remarkably stable, ranging from 752.4 to 754.4 F g−1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1 and from 575.4 to 536.8 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, as the pH value of the electrolyte varies from 0 to 6. However, the capacity retention rate of PANI-S gradually decreases from 79.2% to 37.2% as the current density increases from 1 A g−1 to 20 A g−1, with the pH of the buffered solution increasing from 0 to 6. The excellent electrochemical activity in low acidic electrolytes for PANI nanofibers can be attributed to the compensation effects of the self-doped local proton reservoir.
Multi-physics coupling numerical simulation of variable porosity in reactive melt infiltration process
Authors: Liu Han , Shi Yan , Dai Jixiang , Liu Jun , Sha Jianjun
Published: October 2024

The hypersonic craft necessitates significant advancements in thermal shielding to safeguard against the extreme aero-thermal environments encountered during flight at hypersonic speeds in near space or upon reentry from space. Carbon fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites (FRCMCs) have attracted increasingly interesting attention as advanced structural materials for application in thermal protection. The reactive melt infiltration (RMI) process is preferred for the preparation of FRCMCs because of its low cost and short processing time. However, the RMI process includes the complex interplay of melt flow, reaction dynamics, and thermal fields, with existing models failing to accurately predict these processes due to their uncoupled nature and neglect of pore structure changes. This study introduces a coupled model that integrates mass transfer flow, chemical reaction, and heat transfer, incorporating variable pore structures to more accurately evaluate the RMI process. This approach allows for a comprehensive assessment of internal pressure, temperature, and porosity changes during silicon infiltration into porous media, marking an improvement over the previous model. The model has been validated for use in predicting the exotherm of RMI processes. In conclusion, this coupled model presents a promising avenue for enhancing the fabrication of FRCMCs, either considering the melt infiltration from multiple locations in the RMI process or adjusting the pore structure at the infiltration location to larger pores.
Collaborative operation of active distribution network considering PV-storage-charging-compensation
Authors: Wu Ning , Lin Xiaoming , Han Shuai , Qian Bin , Lin Rui , Xiao Jing , Sun Leping
Published: October 2024

With the conjunction of clean energy generation and electric cars, the power distribution network is gradually shifting from a traditional one-way radiative network to an active network. Coordinated control of these controllable elements of “source-grid-load-storage” can improve the operating voltage level and economic benefits, and reduce the load peak and off-peak difference. A collaborative dispatch model for active power distribution networks including PV-storage-charging-compensation is constructed in this paper, with the goal of minimizing network losses and PV curtailment costs. The cone transformation is used to handle non-linear constraints of power flow. Compared with existing ordered charging control methods, the constructed model can maximize the control efficiency of the distribution grid, enhance the PV absorption capacity, and effectively slow down the upgrading and renovation of the distribution network.
Enhancing Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Resilience: Strategies Against Bayoud Spread in Moroccan Oases
Authors: El Hilali Alaoui Youssef , Bouda Said , Ben Amar Houria , Dine Tariq Bouhlali Eimad , Khoulassa Siham , Boutagayout Abdellatif , Essarioui Adil
Published: October 2024

“Bayoud”, a vascular disease caused by the soilborne fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis (Foa), is the principal enemy of palm trees that puts at stake the future of the date palm industry in Morocco. The parasite attacks the palms through the roots and colonizes the entire vascular system, leading to wilt and ultimately palm death. Effective disease management is a major step towards the success of all sustainable development projects in the oasis. This review delineates diverse strategies for managing Bayoud disease, including prophylactic measures, chemical and cultural controls, genetic selection for resistant varieties, and exploration of biochemical and molecular markers. An integrated management approach was proposed that underscores early detection, sustainable agricultural practices, genetic resistance, biological control, community involvement, and continuous research and development. To contain the disease in already-infested areas and prevent its spread to new date palm plantations in oases.
Analysis of the determinants of the regeneration and growth of Cedar Atlas (Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) Manetti ex Carrière), an endangered endemic taxon in Morocco-Case of the Middle Atlas forests
Authors: Laaribya Said
Published: October 2024

In the present study, the Azrou cedar Atlas forest (Cedrus atlantica), taken as a case study of the Middle Atlas forest, show a regressive evolution both in time and in space. Although this forest has been the subject of several successive regeneration attempts, its condition is far from satisfactory.

The present study focuses on a statistical and Correspondence factor analysis (CFA) to highlight the main determinants of this regeneration and Cedar Atlas growth. The results obtained revealed three classes of regeneration, namely (1) a group of poor regeneration, (2) a group of no regeneration, and (3) a group of average to good regeneration. Indeed, the regeneration of Cedar Atlas forests is linked to certain biophysical and socio-economic descriptors. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Scheffé test and stepwise regression showed also that the soil depth, stand density, and basal area are the determinant variables that best explain the Atlas cedar growth.

To this end, a profound reflection on the vectors of change must be imposed in order to lead to the conservation and sustainable management of Cedar Atlas forests in Morocco. New approaches to forest management are needed.
Evaluation of the quality of treated wastewater from the Fez wastewater treatment plant using wastewater quality index
Authors: Touzani A , El Hammoudani Y , Dimane F , Tahiri M , Haboubi K
Published: October 2024

The increasing urbanization of Fez, with its daily discharge of wastewater, raises environmental concerns. Therefore, this study assesses the quality of water treated by the Fez wastewater treatment plant, focusing on the summer and autumn seasons, preserving the Oued Sebou from pollution and evaluating treatment efficiency. Key parameters, including on-site measurements and laboratory analyses, indicate average efficiencies of 89.88% (BOD5), 88.41% (COD), and 94.47% (TSS), in compliance with discharge standards. In addition, the results of the principal component analysis (PCA) facilitated understanding of the physico-chemical analyses, underlining the global approach of the study.
The assessment of low flow at El Abid river basin for a good management of water resource (High Atlas/Morocco)
Authors: Nafia Khouldia , Ouzanni Hassan , Hamid Meriem , Aguerd Jalal , El Ghachi Mohamed
Published: October 2024

In a scenario where pressures on aquatic ecosystems and the water demands of communities are on the rise, coupled with the impacts of global changes, understanding low water flows becomes a critical concern. Low flow is characterized as a natural and seasonal phenomenon, typically stemming from varying degrees of prolonged and severe rainfall deficits. This phenomenon is prone to temporal and spatial fluctuations, ultimately causing a reduction in streamflow. The El Abid River Basin is located within the big Oum Er Rbia watershed, covering an area of 30.600 km2. El Abid river stands out as the principal tributary of the Oum Er Rbia, boasting an average annual flow of 32 m3/s−1, with a maximum average flow reaching 77 m3/s−1 and a minimum average flow of 10 m3/s−1. The hydrological regime of this river exhibits a pattern of intermittent and extreme floods, as well as periods of low flow sustained by water from the karst hydrosystems of the central High Atlas. The aim of this study is to characterize the low flow rates within the upstream part of El Abid river basin, intending to enhance the management of water resources in this basin. The methodology employed involves extracting the minimum flows, calculating the severity thresholds for low flow, determining the lowest average monthly flow of the year, computing low flow rates based on monthly flow averages, and calculating low flow values for specific return periods. Monthly discharge data from two hydrometric stations within our study area, namely Ait Ouchéne and Tizi Nisly, were utilized. The dataset spans the period from 1976 to 2018.
Evaluation of bird reproduction and predation impact in Agroecosystem vineyards in the Fes-Meknes region of Morocco.
Authors: Belkhiri A , Chahlaoui A , Haddadi Y , Ahmed B , Mohsine S , Moubchir T , Ouballouk Y , Benaddou M
Published: October 2024

The reproductive of avian species within agro-ecosystems hold paramount importance in sustaining ecological equilibrium, regulating pest populations, and preserving overall biodiversity. Over a comprehensive three-year investigation spanning from 2021 to 2023, our research was conducted within contemporary viticultural agroecosystems to meticulously assess the reproductive performance of birds and discern the nuanced impact of predation on nesting success. Our findings indicate that Moroccan vineyards offer a conducive habitat for avian nesting, with nest abundance intricately linked to the specific avian species under consideration. Furthermore, the predation rate exhibits discernible variations contingent upon the reproductive stage, notably during the pivotal ‘Nest Predation” phase. Approximately 25.35% of nests faced predation, 31.61% of eggs succumbed to predation, and 22.42% of chicks fell victim to predation. This study underscores the indispensable role of predation in avian reproductive processes within vineyard ecosystems, thereby furnishing crucial insights essential for the formulation of nuanced and tailored conservation strategies within viticultural environments.
Climatic and hydrological variability in the Oued Lakhdar watershed (Central High Atlas, Morocco)
Authors: Layati E. , Lahlou N. , Elkbichi O. , El Ghachi M.
Published: October 2024

The results of this study highlighted significant changes in hydroclimatic conditions over the period studied. Annual rainfall shows significant variability, with years such as 1996 characterised by exceptional humidity, while others, such as 2017, stand out for their particularly marked drought. This variation can be quantified using the Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI), providing crucial information for water resource management. Temperatures also show seasonal fluctuations, oscillating between hot summers and cold winters. In particular, 2017 was exceptionally warm, while 2011 was unusually cold. In terms of river flows, there has been considerable variability, with some years showing high flows (e.g. 2011) and others with very low flows (e.g. 1990). However, the general trend towards an increase in flow from the 2010 onwards is notable (Sgat station). The RCV index, which classifies years according to surplus or deficit, highlights the predominance of deficit years. In addition, the Monthly Flow Coefficient (MFC) allows us to subdivide the hydrological regime into periods of high and low water. These results highlight the importance of monitoring hydro-climatic conditions for effective management of water resources and the implementation of measures to adapt to climate change.
The role of hydrological measuring devices in monitoring changes in the flow rate of the Boudraa River during the year 2023 (sub-watershed of Oued M’hasser, Morocco).
Authors: Elouiazzani Abdellah , Lagni Abdellatif , Bouyzillan Emad , El Ghachi Mohamed
Published: October 2024

Tracking the water flow and surface runoff is of utmost importance in light of the climate changes experienced globally and specifically in Morocco. In recent years, Morocco has been facing a significant water deficit due to declining rainfall and prolonged drought periods, which affects various water uses. As the Atlas and Rif regions serve as the natural water reservoirs for Morocco, it has become essential to track the water flow and valleys in these areas to study their hydrological behavior. This understanding is crucial for determining their functioning mechanisms and making appropriate decisions to ensure the sustainability of these resources. In this context, we have monitored the changes in the flow of Ain Boudraa in the basin of Wadi Mhasser in the Central High Atlas. We have studied the impact of climatic factors on the water flow and water levels, employing a methodology that involves statistical analysis of precipitation data from the nearby station, along with conducting hydrological measurements of the flow and construction a calibration curve.
Modeling of the spatial distribution of species of interest in agriculture for their conservation: case of Punica granatum L.
Authors: El fallah Kamal , Charafi Jamal , El kharrim Khadija , Belghyti Driss
Published: October 2024

Modeling the spatial distribution of species is an important step in biodiversity conservation. The models used can be helpful in predicting the impacts of climate change on the geographical distribution of species and in identifying areas where they are most likely to occur. The purpose of this work was to model the spatial distribution of the pomegranate species (Punica granatum L.) in Morocco according to the principle of maximum entropy (Maxent). This modelling method is widely used in ecology and biogeography because of its ability to work with datasets, and to produce accurate predictions of species distribution. Based on agro-ecological data such as topographical factors and climatic variables and focusing on regions where pomegranate cultivation is significant, these data can be collected at different spatial and temporal scales. They are typically integrated into Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for utilization within the simulation model. The resulting model depicts the potential spatial distribution of pomegranate cultivation throughout Morocco. The model obtained agrees perfectly with the actual distribution of the species in different regions of the country, especially since it is known for its hardiness and its adaptation to variable environmental conditions. Thus, the modeling showed that other geographical areas present favorable conditions for the development of pomegranate cropping. The determination of spatial distribution constitutes a first step to predict possible evolution of the pomegranate cropping according to climate change. The importance of this process for biodiversity conservation lies in several aspects, such as the identification of areas at risk, conservation planning, and the assessment of impacts on ecosystems.
Projected changes of thermal, rainfall and drought indices in Morocco from high resolution climate models
Authors: Hammoudy W , Ilmen R , Sinan M
Published: October 2024

Over the past decade, global changes in temperature, average and extreme precipitation have been observed many times. The increase in temperature or even the change in precipitation systems is directly affect extreme weather events, for example, heat waves, heavy rainfall, storms, and droughts are becoming more frequent and more powerful worldwide due to climate change caused by several factors including human activity. This is why there is a necessity to monitor future changes in climate extremes. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the future changes in thermal and rainfall extremes projected by the four climate models over time horizon 2041-2060 relative to the 1981-2010 reference period, based on the 5 climate indices, including Tmm, Tx90p, WSDI, PRCPTOT and SPI. The projections are given under the RCP 4.5 medium scenario. The analysis in thermal aspect shows that Morocco could experience by 2041-2060, a significant warming, has manifested by an increase in average temperature. Future changes in rainfall indices show that the spatial distribution of rainfall in Morocco could change significantly by 2041-2060 compared to the reference period 1971-2010. The four climate models agree on a decrease in annual precipitation that could affect most of the Kingdom. In the same way to dryness, the future changes of the SPI index that characterizes the drought, indicates a move to a dry climate.
Conclusion
Authors: Jones Corredera Edward
Published: October 2024

This chapter studies the economic and cultural impact of the Spanish–American War on Latin America, Spain, and the United States. The conflict changed ideas of inter-American duties and obligations and was the final act of translatio imperii from Spain to the Americas. The war gave rise to the term the Black Legend to describe the myth of Spanish zealotry and barbarism and catalysed the rise of the United States’ sphere of influence over Cuba. Following the expansion of US interests in Central America, Latin American authors found in Marxism a new way to speak about regional solidarity and commutative justice that reaffirmed the need for a Protestant reformation. This chapter sheds light on the lessons that today’s world, shaped by the rise of China and climate reparations, can learn from Latin America’s history. Above all, it shows how the region’s past will shape its future.
Use of Security and Quasi-Security Interests in Debt Financing
Authors: Bridge Michael , Gullifer Louise , Lomnicka Eva
Published: October 2024

This chapter provides a general account of the uses of secured financing in debt business finance. It examines general techniques and structures used to finance different sizes of businesses, and the role played by security and title-based financing in these techniques and structures. It also considers the ways in which the acquisition of high value tangible assets is structured, the use of secured financing in structures involving special purpose vehicles and the use financial collateral, particularly in securities lending and derivative transactions. In each case, the focus is on the manner in which security and quasi-security is used to protect creditors against credit risk.
Interests Created by Companies
Authors: Bridge Michael , Gullifer Louise , Lomnicka Eva
Published: October 2024

This chapter deals with the registration of charges granted by companies, noting that with few exceptions all such charges must be registered in order to be opposable to liquidators, administrators, and other secured creditors. Account is taken of the fact that the whole instrument of charge may be placed on the register, which raises questions as to how far any document goes in giving rise, not to constructive notice of just the particulars, but also of the contents of the available instrument of charge. The time allowed for registration is discussed, along with the consequences of lateness. The territorial scope of the legislation is considered together with the position of overseas companies with assets in the United Kingdom.
Introduction to Priorities
Authors: Bridge Michael , Gullifer Louise , Lomnicka Eva
Published: October 2024

This chapter briefly introduces the concept of priority between security interests, and its application to situations where a security interest and an absolute interest exist in relation to the same asset. The main discussion is of the legal and practical significance of registration as giving constructive notice of the registered interest, arguing that registration in the company charges register is constructive notice to those who would be expected to search the register.