bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A construção de narrativas históricas: conservação da memória na terceira idade
Authors: Kalinovski Érica Fernanda Zavadovski , França Fabiane Freire
Published: September 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo compreender a necessidade de atividades voltadas à memória na terceira idade, por meio da construção de narrativas históricas orais. Pautamo-nos na prática de estágio supervisionado, na modalidade de educação não formal3, desempenhada em um centro de atendimento ao idoso, a fim de apresentar o Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso da graduação em Pedagogia no ano de 2014. Partimos da seguinte indagação: como é possível estimular e conservar a memória de idosos a partir da produção de narrativas orais baseadas em fatos históricos de suas vidas? Assim, verificamos a relevância de idosos manterem uma boa saúde mental. Concluímos que: a) as instituições destinadas a idosos precisam ultrapassar o trabalho assistencialista e funcional; b) parte dos idosos se sentiu um tanto desmotivados ao terem de relembrar ações passadas de suas vidas; c) é preciso incitar e sustentar a memória nessa e, em todas as fases vitais.
Presença do associativismo das universidades estaduais paulistas na história do sindicalismo educacional latinoamericano
Authors: Lopes Silvana Fernandes , Bauer Carlos
Published: September 2020

Este artigo insere-se em uma investigação mais ampla, cujo objetivo é discutir a história e os embates políticos do sindicalismo docente universitário na América Latina. Nesse sentido, este trabalho privilegia alguns aspectos da organização sindical docente no Brasil e toma como foco as entidades vinculadas às universidades estaduais paulistas, procurando compreender o papel desses sindicatos e associações em uma perspectiva histórico-social. Propõe-se, também, analisar os embates políticos e a atuação junto aos educadores, tendo como recorte os anos 1990-2010, período marcado pelas políticas governamentais voltadas para as reformas do Estado, em geral, e para as universitárias, em particular. Coloca-se, portanto, no campo de uma história social crítica da educação, procurando contribuir com a produção de um conhecimento que traga à tona as ações, as lutas e os questionamentos dos sindicalistas universitários aos modelos educacionais vigentes, estimulando, assim, as reflexões que tornem possível a convergência de seus propósitos políticos e sociais.
Atribuición causal de las emociones en la formación inicial del docente de educación física
Authors: Arduiz Nelly Orellana , Johnson Felipe Mujica , Luis-Pascual Juan-Carlos
Published: September 2020

Estudio cualitativo de Investigación-Acción, que tiene por objetivo identificar la atribución causal de emociones en estudiantes de Pedagogía en Educación Física, durante la gestión de una clase en un ambiente educativo real. La población del estudio es de 60 estudiantes universitarios. Los datos fueron recopilados a través de informes afectivos y fueron analizados en el software Atlas.ti. 6.0. Los resultados más relevantes indican que los estudiantes atribuyen la tranquilidad y seguridad a la conformidad con la planificación, la preparación de material didáctico y al pensamiento optimista de su labor. El nerviosismo y la ansiedad son atribuidos a la incertidumbre y a las expectativas de logro. El bienestar, la felicidad, el amor y la satisfacción, se generan por la percepción de un buen resultado en la clase. Se concluye del estudio, que las atribuciones de emociones positivas y negativas, son en su mayoría externas y suceden en mayor proporción en momentos anteriores a la gestión de la clase de Educación Física.
Produção do conhecimento sobre o ensino de geografia para pessoas com deficiência
Authors: Pastoriza Taís Buch , Orlando Rosimeire Maria , Caiado Katia Regina Moreno
Published: September 2020

A matrícula de pessoas com deficiência nas escolas regulares em diferentes etapas tem crescido nos últimos anos e com isso também as pesquisas na interface da educação especial com as outras áreas do conhecimento. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a produção de pesquisas sobre ensino de geografia para pessoas com deficiência, com foco na visual, bem como analisar os temas pesquisados e as Instituições de Ensino Superior onde as pesquisas se realizaram com vistas a apontar os desafios e as possibilidades para futuros trabalhos. O referencial teórico sobre análise de produção científica pautou-se em Bueno (2010) e Silva e Gamboa (2011). O levantamento da produção foi realizado no banco de teses da Capes, e os descritores utilizados foram: inclusão, deficiência, cegueira e ensino de geografia. Os resultados dessa análise mostram que a escolarização das pessoas com deficiência tem sido um tema em crescimento nas pesquisas dos últimos anos, mas que o enfoque das pesquisas está nas metodologias de ensino. Também há uma indicação para uma possível diversificação nas deficiências estudadas e nas Instituições de Ensino Superior.
Violência doméstica contra o homem: de agressor a agredido
Authors: Dotoli Flávia Saletti Grecco , Leão Andreza Marques de Castro
Published: September 2020

O presente estudo visa elucidar a existência de denúncias por parte dos homens em situação de violência doméstica, assim como, dar ênfase a negação frente às propostas de intervenções advindas no campo da saúde a partir de notificações compulsórias. Além da análise destas notificações propõe averiguar a presença ou não de políticas públicas voltadas ao acolhimento desta demanda, e de que maneira os vitimados se articularam para a legitimação de direitos no cerne da Violência Doméstica. O percurso metodológico se embasou na pesquisa qualitativa e, dentro disso, o estudo documental. Apesar das denúncias altamente declaradas na rede de saúde na qual cada sujeito foi à procura de seus direitos, observa-se ainda que o silêncio torna-se objeto de defesa do agredido. Deste modo, é preciso a permeabilidade da Lei Maria da Penha para ambos os sexos, e, concomitantemente, fortalecer e construir políticas de prevenção contra a violência em diversos segmentos e atores, sobretudo, por este tema não se esgotar em tempo real uma vez que não há apenas a mulher as margens de um cenário abusivo, mas; igualmente, o homem com suas reservas patriarcais dando ênfase neste recorte.
Novel Protein Sequence Comparison Method Based on Transition Probability Graph and Information Entropy
Authors: Qi Zhaohui , Wen Xinlong
Published: September 2020

Aim and Objective:

Sequence analysis is one of the foundations in bioinformatics. It is widely used to find out the feature metric hidden in the sequence. Otherwise, the graphical representation of biologic sequence is an important tool for sequencing analysis. This study is undertaken to find out a new graphical representation of biosequences.

Materials and Methods:

The transition probability is used to describe amino acid combinations of protein sequences. The combinations are composed of amino acids directly adjacent to each other or separated by multiple amino acids. The transition probability graph is built up by the transition probabilities of amino acid combinations. Next, a map is defined as a representation from transition probability graph to transition probability vector by k-order transition probability graph. Transition entropy vectors are developed by the transition probability vector and information entropy. Finally, the proposed method is applied to two separate applications, 499 HA genes of H1N1, and 95 coronaviruses.

Results:

By constructing a phylogenetic tree, we find that the results of each application are consistent with other studies.

Conclusion:

The graphical representation proposed in this article is a practical and correct method.
Assessment of White Matter Lesions in Parkinson's Disease: Voxel-based Analysis and Tract-based Spatial Statistics Analysis of Parkinson's Disease with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Pu Wei , Shen Xudong , Huang Mingming , Li Zhiqian , Zeng Xianchun , Wang Rongpin , Shen Guiquan , Yu Hui
Published: September 2020

Objective:

Application of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to explore the changes of FA
value in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with mild cognitive impairment.

Methods:

27 patients with PD were divided into PD with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI)
group (n = 7) and PD group (n = 20). The original images were processed using voxel-based analysis
(VBA) and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS).

Results:

The average age of pd-mci group was longer than that of PD group, and the course of disease
was longer than that of PD group. Compared with PD group, the voxel based analysis-fractional
anisotropy (VBA-FA) values of PD-MCI group decreased in the following areas: bilateral frontal
lobe, bilateral temporal lobe, bilateral parietal lobe, bilateral subthalamic nucleus, corpus callosum,
and gyrus cingula. Tract-based spatial statistics-fractional anisotropy (TBSS-FA) values in
PD-MCI group decreased in bilateral corticospinal tract, anterior cingulum, posterior cingulum,
fornix tract, bilateral superior thalamic radiation, corpus callosum(genu, body and splenium), bilateral
uncinate fasciculus, bilateral inferior longitudinal fasciculus, bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus,
bilateral superior fronto-occipital fasciculus, bilateral inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus,
and bilateral parietal-occipital tracts. The mean age of onset in the PD-MCI group was greater than
that in the PD group, and the disease course was longer than that in the PD group.

Conclusion:

DTI-based VBA and TBSS post-processing methods can detect abnormalities in multiple
brain areas and white matter fiber tracts in PD-MCI patients. Impairment of multiple cerebral
cortex and white matter fiber pathways may be an important causes of cognitive dysfunction in
PD-MCI.
A Review on Hepatoprotective Effects of Some Medicinal Plant Oils
Authors: Daoudi Nour Elhouda , Bouhrim Mohamed , Bnouham Mohamed
Published: September 2020

Background:

The liver is the second largest organ inside the human body. It can be damaged
by several toxic molecules and medicinal agents taken in overdoses. Indeed, there are some
oils obtained from different herbs that can be used to protect the liver injury.

Objective:

This review aims to give details on some oils that have been tested for their hepatoprotective
effect.

Methods:

We reviewed 79 articles published between 1980 and 2019 in English language using
three databases Sciencedirect, Web of Science and PubMed. So, we have used the keywords related
to hepatoprotective activity: Hepatoprotective, liver disease, plant and oil and we have classified the
plants in alphabetical order as a list containing their scientific and family names, as well as the experimental
assay and the results obtained from these studies.

Results:

As a result, we have described 18 species belonging to 18 families: Altingiaceae, Apiaceae,
Arecaceae, Asteraceae, Cactaceae, Caryocaraceae, Cucurbitaceae, Lauraceae, Leguminoseae, Malvaceae,
Moringaceae, Myrtaceae, Oleaceae, Pinaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, Theaceae and Vitaceae.
Among the most common fatty acids present in hepatoprotective oils are palmitic acid, linoleic
acid, oleic acid and stearic acid.

Conclusion:

These oils have shown beneficial properties regarding the hepatoprotective activity.
Construction and Analysis of mRNA and lncRNA Regulatory Networks Reveal the Key Genes Associated with Prostate Cancer Related Fatigue During Localized Radiation Therapy
Authors: Wu Yechen , Gui Yaping , Wu Denglong , Wu Qiang
Published: September 2020

Background:

Localized radiation therapy is the first-line option for the treatment of nonmetastatic
prostate cancer (PCa). Previous studies revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) had
crucial roles in disease progression. However, the mechanisms of lncRNAs underlying prostate cancerrelated
fatigue remained largely unclear.

Objective:

The present study aimed to uncover the key genes related to PCa related fatigue during localized
radiation therapy by constructing mRNA and lncRNA regulatory networks.

Methods:

We analyzed GSE30174, which included 10 control samples and 40 PCa related fatigue
samples, to identify differently expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in PCa related fatigue. A proteinprotein
interaction network was constructed to reveal the interactions among mRNAs. Co-expression
network analysis was applied to identify the key lncRNAs and reveal the functions of these lncRNAs in
PCa related fatigue.

Results and Discussion:

This research found 1271 dysregulated mRNAs and 205 dysregulated
lncRNAs in PCa related fatigue using GSE30174. Bioinformatics analysis showed that PCa related fatigue
with mRNAs and lncRNAs were associated with inflammatory response and immune response
related biological processes. Furthermore, we constructed a PPI network and lncRNA co-expression
network related to fatigue in PCa. Of note, we observed that the dysregulated lncRNAs and mRNAs,
such as SEC61A2, ADCY6, LPAR5, COL7A1, ALB, COL1A1, SNHG1, LINC01215, LINC00926,
GNG4, LMO7, and COL4A6, in PCa related fatigue could predict the outcome of PCa patients.

Conclusions:

This research could provide novel mechanisms underlying fatigue and identify new biomarkers
for the prognosis of PCa.
Platelets: Angels and Demons Dancing on the Immune Stage. Nutrition Conducts the Orchestra
Authors: Magrone Thea , Magrone Manrico , Russo Matteo A. , Jirillo Emilio
Published: September 2020

Platelets are cellular fragments derived from bone-marrow megacaryocytes and they are
mostly involved in the haemostasis and coagulation. However, according to recent data, platelets
are able to perform novel immune functions. In fact, they possess a receptorial armamentarium on
their membrane for interacting with innate and adaptive immune cells. In addition, platelets also secrete
granules which contain cytokines and chemokines for activating and recruiting even distant
immune cells. The participation of platelets in inflammatory processes will also be discussed in
view of their dual role in terms of triggering or resolving inflammation. Involvement of platelets in
disease will be illustrated, pointing to their versatile function to either up- or down-regulate pathological
mechanisms. Finally, despite the availability of some anti-platelet agents, such as aspirin, dietary
manipulation of platelet function is currently investigated. In this regard, special emphasis
will be placed on dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and polyphenol effects on
platelets. Platelets play a dual role in inflammatory-immune-mediated diseases either activating or
deactivating immune cells. Diet based on substances, such as omega-3 PUFAs and polyphenols,
may act as a modulator of platelet function, even if more clinical trials are needed to corroborate
such a contention.
Taking Advantage of Plant Defense Mechanisms to Promote Human Health. The Plant Immune System. First of Two Parts
Authors: Magrone Thea , Magrone Manrico , Russo Matteo A. , Jirillo Emilio
Published: September 2020

Despite the evidence that plants do not possess sessile cells, they are able to mount a vigorous
immune response against invaders or under stressful conditions. Plants are endowed with pattern
recognition receptors (PPRs) which perceive damage-associated molecular patterns and microbe-
associated molecular patterns or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), respectively.
PPR activation leads to either the initiation of PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) (early response)
or the effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Both PTI and ETI contribute to plant systemic acquired
resistance as an expression of immunological memory or trained immunity. PTI is initiated
by activation of both receptor-like kinases and receptor-like proteins, while ETI depends on nucleotide-
binding leucine-rich-repeat protein receptors for microbe recognition. Plant chloroplasts
contribute to both PTI and ETI through the production of peptides, which act as hormones or phytocytokines.
Salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene are the major compounds involved in plant defense.
The interaction between plant receptors and/or their products and bacterial components will
be discussed. Also, emphasis will be placed on plant microbiome for its contribution to plant immune
response. Finally, the mutual interplay between insects and plants will also be illustrated. A
better knowledge of plant immunity may pave the way for the exploitation of plant derivatives in
the field of agriculture and medicine, as well.
Análisis bibliométrico de los artículos científicos publicados en Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia en Colombia 2010-2019
Authors: González T Marco , Salgado-Arroyo Luis Carlos
Published: September 2020

Objetivo. Analizar la producción científica en Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia en Colombia en el período 2010-2019. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal retrospectivo, mediante el análisis bibliométrico de los artículos publicados en nueve revistas del área de la Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia en Colombia. La información se obtuvo mediante la búsqueda en internet de la página web de cada revista. Resultados. El total de artículos fue 3.000; 2.250 (75%) publicados en español, 673 (22.4%) en inglés y 77 (2.6%) en portugués. 2.282 (76.1%) fueron originales, 224 (7.5%) revisiones de literatura, 165 (5.5%) casos clínicos, 105 (3.5%) comunicaciones breves, 204 (6.8%) editoriales y 21 (0.6%) otros. El promedio de autores por artículo fue de 3.38. Hubo 10.296 autores; 7.109 (69%), nacionales y 3.187 (31%) extranjeros. 6.659 (64.7%) fueron hombres; 3.199 (31%) mujeres y 438 (4.3%) sin identificación. Las entidades públicas aportaron el 77.9% de la producción científica y las privadas el 22.1%. Las áreas con mayor número de publicaciones fueron zootecnia, salud animal, agricultura y fauna silvestre. El top 5 de las filiaciones de los autores correspondió a universidades públicas. Conclusiones. Las revistas que publican en inglés consiguen un mejor posicionamiento internacional y en ellas publica el mayor número de autores extranjeros. Los artículos más publicados fueron los originales. La mayor producción científica la hizo la universidad pública. El top 10 de los artículos más citados arrojó un total de 810 citas que contribuyen con la internacionalización de las revistas colombianas y de Colombia.
Doctors Routinely Share Health Data Electronically Under HIPAA, and Sharing With Patients and Patients’ Third-Party Health Apps is Consistent: Interoperability and Privacy Analysis
Authors: Savage Mark , Savage Lucia Clara
Published: September 2020

Since 2000, federal regulations have affirmed that patients have a right to a complete copy of their health records from their physicians and hospitals. Today, providers across the nation use electronic health records and electronic information exchange for health care, and patients are choosing digital health apps to help them manage their own health and health information. Some doctors and health systems have voiced concern about whether they may transmit a patient’s data upon the patient’s request to the patient or the patient’s health app. This hesitation impedes shared information and care coordination with patients. It impairs patients’ ability to use the state-of-the-art digital health tools they choose to track and manage their health. It undermines the ability of patients’ family caregivers to monitor health and to work remotely to provide care by using the nearly unique capabilities of health apps on people’s smartphones. This paper explains that sharing data electronically with patients and patients’ third-party apps is legally consistent under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) with routine electronic data sharing with other doctors for treatment or with insurers for reimbursement. The paper explains and illustrates basic principles and scenarios around sharing with patients, including patients’ third-party apps. Doctors routinely and legally share health data electronically under HIPAA whether or not their organizations retain HIPAA responsibility. Sharing with patients and patients’ third-party apps is no different and should be just as routine.
Investigating the Attitudes of Adolescents and Young Adults Towards JUUL: Computational Study Using Twitter Data
Authors: Benson Ryzen , Hu Mengke , Chen Annie T , Nag Subhadeep , Zhu Shu-Hong , Conway Mike
Published: September 2020

Background

Increases in electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) use among high school students from 2017 to 2019 appear to be associated with the increasing popularity of the ENDS device JUUL.

Objective

We employed a content analysis approach in conjunction with natural language processing methods using Twitter data to understand salient themes regarding JUUL use on Twitter, sentiment towards JUUL, and underage JUUL use.

Methods

Between July 2018 and August 2019, 11,556 unique tweets containing a JUUL-related keyword were collected. We manually annotated 4000 tweets for JUUL-related themes of use and sentiment. We used 3 machine learning algorithms to classify positive and negative JUUL sentiments as well as underage JUUL mentions.

Results

Of the annotated tweets, 78.80% (3152/4000) contained a specific mention of JUUL. Only 1.43% (45/3152) of tweets mentioned using JUUL as a method of smoking cessation, and only 6.85% (216/3152) of tweets mentioned the potential health effects of JUUL use. Of the machine learning methods used, the random forest classifier was the best performing algorithm among all 3 classification tasks (ie, positive sentiment, negative sentiment, and underage JUUL mentions).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that a vast majority of Twitter users are not using JUUL to aid in smoking cessation nor do they mention the potential health benefits or detriments of JUUL use. Using machine learning algorithms to identify tweets containing underage JUUL mentions can support the timely surveillance of JUUL habits and opinions, further assisting youth-targeted public health intervention strategies.
Lifestyle Interventions for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Cross-Sectional Survey to Assess Women's Treatment and Outcome Preferences (Preprint)
Authors: Saslow Laura R , Aikens James E
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Diet and lifestyle programs improve health, but women’s preferences for these programs have not been formally explored.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of our study was to examine diet and lifestyle program preferences among women with PCOS.

METHODS

We conducted a cross-sectional online survey of women with PCOS.

RESULTS

At least half of the 197 respondents expressed strong interest in programs addressing energy level, anxiety, depression, weight, diabetes prevention, menstrual period regulation, and hirsutism. Similarly, at least half reported willingness to modify their sleep, stress, and physical activity; and slightly less than half reported willingness to adopt a very low-carbohydrate, paleo, or low–glycemic index diet. At least half reported interest in online or mobile programs and email-based mentoring. Younger age was associated with interest in help with acne and fertility; higher body mass index was associated with wanting help with weight loss, energy, and anxiety; and greater stress eating was associated with wanting help with depression, anxiety, and menstrual period regulation.

CONCLUSIONS

To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine attitudes and preferences of women with PCOS toward such programs. Future online and mobile diet and lifestyle programs may be able to capitalize on this information to better target this population’s expressed preferences.
Doctors Routinely Share Health Data Electronically Under HIPAA, and Sharing With Patients and Patients’ Third-Party Health Apps is Consistent: Interoperability and Privacy Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Savage Mark , Savage Lucia Clara
Published: September 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Since 2000, federal regulations have affirmed that patients have a right to a complete copy of their health records from their physicians and hospitals. Today, providers across the nation use electronic health records and electronic information exchange for health care, and patients are choosing digital health apps to help them manage their own health and health information. Some doctors and health systems have voiced concern about whether they may transmit a patient’s data upon the patient’s request to the patient or the patient’s health app. This hesitation impedes shared information and care coordination with patients. It impairs patients’ ability to use the state-of-the-art digital health tools they choose to track and manage their health. It undermines the ability of patients’ family caregivers to monitor health and to work remotely to provide care by using the nearly unique capabilities of health apps on people’s smartphones. This paper explains that sharing data electronically with patients and patients’ third-party apps is legally consistent under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) with routine electronic data sharing with other doctors for treatment or with insurers for reimbursement. The paper explains and illustrates basic principles and scenarios around sharing with patients, including patients’ third-party apps. Doctors routinely and legally share health data electronically under HIPAA whether or not their organizations retain HIPAA responsibility. Sharing with patients and patients’ third-party apps is no different and should be just as routine.
Attitudes of Australian Patients Undergoing Treatment for Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers to Different Models of Nutrition Care Delivery: Qualitative Investigation (Preprint)
Authors: Furness Kate , Huggins Catherine Elizabeth , Truby Helen , Croagh Daniel , Haines Terry Peter
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Adults diagnosed with cancers of the stomach, esophagus, and pancreas are at high risk of malnutrition. In many hospital-based health care settings, there is a lack of systems in place to provide the early and intensive nutritional support that is required by these high-risk cancer patients. Our research team conducted a 3-arm parallel randomized controlled trial to test the provision of an early and intensive nutrition intervention to patients with upper gastrointestinal cancers using a synchronous telephone-based delivery approach versus an asynchronous mobile app–based approach delivered using an iPad compared with a control group to address this issue.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to explore the overall acceptability of an early and intensive eHealth nutrition intervention delivered either via a synchronous telephone-based approach or an asynchronous mobile app–based approach.

METHODS

Patients who were newly diagnosed with upper gastrointestinal cancer and who consented to participate in a nutrition intervention were recruited. In-depth, semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted by telephone and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using deductive thematic analysis using the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability in NVivo Pro 12 Plus.

RESULTS

A total of 20 participants were interviewed, 10 from each intervention group (synchronous or asynchronous delivery). Four major themes emerged from the qualitative synthesis: participants’ self-efficacy, low levels of burden, and intervention comprehension were required for intervention effectiveness and positive affect; participants sought a sense of support and security through relationship building and rapport with their dietitian; knowledge acquisition and learning-enabled empowerment through self-management; and convenience, flexibility, and bridging the gap to hard-to-reach individuals.

CONCLUSIONS

Features of eHealth models of nutrition care delivered via telephone and mobile app can be acceptable to those undergoing treatment for upper gastrointestinal cancer. Convenience, knowledge acquisition, improved self-management, and support were key benefits for the participants. Future interventions should focus on home-based interventions delivered with simple, easy-to-use technology. Providing participants with a choice of intervention delivery mode (synchronous or asynchronous) and allowing them to make individual choices that align to their individual values and capabilities may support improved outcomes.

CLINICALTRIAL

Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN) 12617000152325; https://tinyurl.com/p3kxd37b.
Construyendo una utopía pospartidista en el México contemporáneo: marcos utópicos de dos grupos contestatarios críticos de la democracia existente
Authors: Compte Nunes Guillem
Published: September 2020

El desempeño de los sexenios gubernamentales mexicanos de los presidentes Fox, Calderón y Peña Nieto ha generado decepción generalizada con la democracia de partidos. Esta investigación examina el surgimiento de una utopía política pospartidista, la cual critica la democracia existente y plantea una transformación radical del sistema político mexicano para dar protagonismo a la ciudadanía. Primero, a partir de la teoría utópica de corte construccionista derivo una definición de utopía e hipótesis sobre el desarrollo y mantenimiento de la utopía pospartidista. Segundo, empleando la teoría de los marcos de la acción colectiva formulo un modelo analítico para la indagación utópica. Tercero, aplicando este modelo analizo de qué manera se vehicula la utopía pospartidista en dos grupos de reciente cuño, Por México Hoy, y, Praxis en América Latina, y verifico las hipótesis. Encuentro que cada grupo desarrolla una variante de esta utopía. Asimismo, hallo imbricaciones del pospartidismo con otras utopías y con la propia dominación que ejercen los partidos políticos.
Los estudios del comportamiento humano en la construcción de la neurociencia educacional
Authors: Bacigalupe María de los Angeles
Published: September 2020

En el presente artículo nos proponemos discutir la construcción de la neurociencia educacional y sus relaciones con algunos estudios del comportamiento humano que resultan importantes para su construcción pero no necesariamente para su definición. Entendemos el comportamiento como relación organismo–entorno y al aprendizaje como una forma de comportamiento. Proponemos una mirada transdisciplinaria y no aplicacionista de las relaciones entre neurociencias y educación y analizamos la forma en que los estudios del comportamiento humano podrían colaborar en la construcción de la neurociencia educacional. Abordamos problemas tales como la generación de neuromitos a partir de casos patológicos de las neurociencias y la psicología. Sabiendo que todas las personas tenemos biología y que ese no es un dato menor a la hora de educar, consideramos que la neurociencia educacional tiene un amplio campo de conocimiento por desarrollar en la discusión constructiva con otras ciencias sociales para el abordaje de problemáticas educacionales.
Interseccionalidad, descolonización y la transcrítica antisistémica: sujeto político de los feminismos y “las mujeres que luchan”
Authors: Millán Márgara
Published: September 2020

Este ensayo quiere dar cuenta de la emergencia de los movimientos de mujeres en los años recientes, de la centralidad de “los feminismos” que estos movimientos posicionan y los desplazamientos y vasos comunicantes que constituyen en lo que denomino un arco teórico-práctico del pensamiento crítico feminista. En la primera parte describo la impronta de las mujeres protestando a nivel global como un momento de síntesis de diversos procesos locales que confluyen en una caracterización del mundo en que vivimos. La segunda parte profundiza en el pensamiento crítico feminista desde el concepto de “género”. Finalmente, regresando a las últimas movilizaciones de las mujeres y sus producciones textuales y sus formas comunicacionales, dibujo los contenidos de un sujeto político polimorfo, cuyas enunciaciones muestran un ejercicio de praxis interseccional e intersectada que logra por momentos un lenguaje común y una forma política singular, desde la experiencia vivida, el dolor, la empatía, el afecto y la rabia, en el actual contexto de crisis civilizatoria que habitamos.
Mujeres y empresas: tendencias estadísticas y debates conceptuales
Authors: Zabludovsky Kuper Gina
Published: September 2020

El artículo analiza el papel de las mujeres como directoras de empresas a partir de una meto- dología basada en el análisis de estadísticas y en debates teóricos. En términos conceptuales se muestran los problemas vinculados con las diversas connotaciones de vocablos como “empoderamiento”, “empresaria”, “emprendedora”, “trabajadora independiente” y/o “empleadora” y alerta sobre los riesgos que, para el trabajo académico, tiene la utilización de una terminología polivalente e imprecisa. Desde la perspectiva cuantitativa, el estudio incorpora un análisis de los datos de empleo, de la matrícula universitaria, de los cargos ejecutivos y de las responsabilidades domésticas, para mostrar cómo prevalecen ocupaciones “masculinas” y “femeninas”. El objetivo prioritario de este estudio son las empresarias, cuya presencia se concentra en las unidades micro y pequeñas —a menudo a nivel de subsistencia— y en las actividades del comercio al menudeo y servicios como los educativos, los de alimentos y de hospedaje. En contrapartida, están prácticamente ausentes en minería y construcción. El texto concluye destacando la importancia de adoptar una perspectiva holística que integre la investigación cuantitativa y cualitativa con la reflexión teórica.
Who is Saying What on Twitter: An Analysis of Messages with References to HIV and HIV Risk Behavior
Authors: Lohmann Sophie
Published: September 2020

This research aimed to determine the nature of social media discussions about HIV. With the goal of conducting a descriptive analysis, we collected almost 1,000 tweets posted February to September 2015. The sample of tweets included keywords related to HIV or behavioral risk factors (e.g., sex, drug use) and was coded for content (e.g., HIV), behavior change strategies, and message source. Seven percent of tweets concerned HIV/AIDS, which were often referred to as jokes or insults. The majority of tweets coded as behavior change attempts involved attitude change strategies. The majority of the tweets (80%) came from private users (vs. organizations). Different types of sources employed different types of behavior change strategies: For instance, private users, compared to experts or organizations, included more strategies to decrease detrimental attitudes (29% versus 6%, p < .001), and also more strategies to counter myths and misinformation (6% versus 1%, p = .008). In summary, tweets related to HIV/AIDS and associated risk factors frequently use the terms in jokes and insults, come largely from private users, and entail attitudinal and informational strategies. Online health campaigns with clear calls to action and corrections of misinformation may make important contributions to social media conversations about HIV/AIDS.
Contrato psicológico en empleados mexicanos: Creencias de obligaciones relacionales y transaccionales
Authors: Martínez Mejía Emmanuel
Published: September 2020

Se examinan las creencias de una muestra de empleados mexicanos sobre las obligaciones recíprocas en la relación empleado-empleador, con base en los tipos de Contrato Psicológico Relacional y Transaccional. Se realizó un estudio no experimental, correlacional, transversal. Participaron 345 empleados de diversas organizaciones de la Ciudad de México. Se pusieron a prueba modelos PATH sobre la relación de las creencias del empleado sobre las obligaciones empleado-empleador. En el modelo Relacional, se identificaron antecedentes sobre las creencias de Lealtad y Seguridad, el modelo mostró menos variables independientes con un mayor nivel predictivo. En el modelo Transaccional se identificaron más variables independientes relacionadas con un menor nivel predictivo. Se señala la necesidad de proponer modelos predictivos con otras variables, como el compromiso, la justicia y la adherencia organizacional, la satisfacción laboral, el desempeño y la rotación. Esta investigación contribuye a la Teoría del Intercambio Social en las Organizaciones y la dinámica del Contrato Psicológico como un enfoque que puede ayudar en la definición de estrategias, políticas organizacionales y prácticas orientadas a relaciones laborales sanas en México.
Efecto de la ingesta tipo atracón sobre la preferencia hacia diferentes concentraciones de aceite de maíz en ratas
Authors: Velázquez Martínez David N. , Zepeda Ruiz Wendy Andrea
Published: September 2020

La ingesta tipo atracón (binge eating behavior), es un desorden alimentario que se caracteriza por un sobreconsumo de alimentos sabrosos en períodos breves sin que haya un déficit energético. Previamente se ha reportado que es posible inducir ingesta tipo atracón en ratas  empleando grasa vegetal; sin embargo, se ha descrito que el consumo de grasas depende de su forma de presentación. Los sujetos que presentan atracones incremental el consumo del alimento palatable con el que fueron entrenados, pero se desconoce su preferencia cuando se  ofrecen otras alternativas con diferente contenido calórico. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron evaluar el establecimiento de la ingesta tipo atracón empleando una solución de aceite de maíz y, si hay cambios en la preferencia de los sujetos por diferentes concentraciones de aceite de maíz después de la inducción de ingesta tipo atracón. Para ello, se realizó una línea base de la preferencia de las ratas hacia diferentes concentraciones de aceite de maíz en condiciones de acceso libre al alimento, empleando la prueba de dos botellas. Posteriormente los sujetos fueron divididos en grupo control y experimental con base en su consumo de aceite y se indujo ingesta tipo atracón en el grupo experimental; finalmente, se re-evalúo de nuevo la preferencia de los sujetos en condiciones de acceso libre y, posteriormente, de privación de alimento. Los resultados obtenidos, permiten concluir que es posible inducir ingesta tipo atracón con aceite de maíz; además, la inducción de la conducta atracón aumenta la preferencia por las concentraciones altas de aceite de maíz y la privación de alimento modula dicha preferencia. Estos hallazgos implican que la regulación energética se mantiene intacta a pesar de la inducción de la conducta de atracón.
Emisión de Conductas de TDAH por Niños “Normales” en Opinión de Maestros Argentinos
Authors: Papaleo Fátima , Pueyrredón Mayra , Acuña Morales Laura , Mustaca Alba Elizabeth
Published: September 2020

Según el DSM-IV un niño que emite “a menudo” seis de 18 conductas debe etiquetarse con TDAH. Los maestros generalmente reportan la frecuencia de emisión “anormal”. El estudio averiguó la frecuencia de emisión de conductas del TDAH por niños “normales”. Maestros de primaria (N = 113) señalaron la frecuencia (0 = nunca; 3 = muy frecuentemente) con la que un niño “normal” emite en clase las conductas del TDAH incluidas en el DSM-IV. Según el 25.7% de los maestros, los niños normales emiten frecuentemente (más de cuatro veces por hora) seis o más conductas del TDAH. Las características sociodemográficas de los maestros y variables del contexto escolar se relacionaron con la frecuencia considerada como normal. Se concluyó que las conductas del TDAH son emitidas muy frecuentemente en clase por los niños normales. El juicio sobre si dicha frecuencia es o no anormal dependerá del subgrupo al que pertenecen los maestros. Por tanto, una misma conducta puede juzgarse como anormal por un maestro y como normal por otro. Los resultados son congruentes con la aproximación psicológica a la conducta anormal que postula que cada observador juzgará como normal o anormal una conducta conforme su propio criterio, determinado por factores culturales.
Collective References and Identity Threat among Lebanese and Lebanese-Armenians in the Context of Continuous Intergroup Conflict
Authors: Tavitian Lucy R. , Bender Michael , Van de Vijver Fons J. R. , Chasiotis Athanasios , Vosgerichian Hrag A.
Published: September 2020

How people deal with adversity, in terms of threats to their social or ethnic identity has been extensively investigated. However, most studies have focused on samples (e.g. minority groups) from prototypical Western contexts. It is unclear how individuals perceive and deal with identity threats within non-Western plural contexts characterized by intergroup conflict. We therefore assess whether self-affirmation by recalling a past success can buffer against identity threat in the plural, non-Western context of Lebanon. In two studies we investigate how threats are negotiated at a national (Lebanon) (Study 1) and ethnic minority (Armenian) level (Study 2). In Study 1, we show that in a context characterized by a history of intergroup conflict, a superordinate national identity is non-salient. When investigating the content of memories of a sectarian group in Study 2, we find a hypersalient and chronically accessible ethnic identity, a pattern specific to Armenian Lebanese. We suggest that this hyper-salience is employed as a spontaneous identity management strategy by a minority group coping with constant continuity threat. Our findings point to the importance of expanding the study of identity processes beyond the typically Western contexts and in turn, situating them within their larger socio-political and historical contexts.
Cybervictimization, Depression Suicidal Ideation, and Addictive Behavior toward Social Media
Authors: López Rosales Fuensanta
Published: September 2020

An addictive behavior is considered to exist when there is excessive use, loss of control and tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms which cause negative repercussions in everyday life and become a concern where other psychopathological problems may manifest. The objective of this study was to develop an explanatory model of cybervictimization, depression, suicidal ideation and addictive behavior toward social media. Instruments that measured these variables were applied to a total sample of 406 university students. A significant correlation was found between addictive behavior toward social media, cybervictimization, depression, and suicidal ideation. The model explained that cybervictimization and depression can lead to two outcomes: an addictive behavior toward social media, or suicidal thoughts. These results contribute to a better understanding of current phenomenon such as cybervictimization and addictive behavior toward social media with respect to depression and suicidal ideation. A deeper investigation is recommended to create preventive and intervention programs for healthy Internet usage for young people.
Effects on Behavior by Different Exposure Durations of Predator Scent Stress
Authors: Migliaro Martin
Published: September 2020

Stress is conceptualized as a systemic response triggered by a stimulus potentially harmful to an organism. Instead of an adaptive outcome, life-threatening experiences may contribute to the development of anxiety disorders and depression. Predator scent stress (PSS) is one of the most utilized rodent models of stress-induced psychopathology, in which rodents are exposed to a volatile predator cue that signifies imminent danger. It is unclear if the duration of a life-threatening experience could have differential consequences on the expression of anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors. For this reason, the goal of this present study was to evaluate the effect of different exposure durations (3 min., 10 min., or 20 min.) to the scent of bobcat urine. Wistar rats housed under 12/12 dark cycle in standard laboratory conditions were exposed to the PSS model and 24 hrs. after the stressor, behavioral consequences were evaluated in the open field test, saccharin preference test, and forced swim test. The results obtained show that a 10-minute exposure is sufficient to induce an anxiety-like and a depression-like behavioral profile. We conclude that the time exposure could be a major variable to obtain clear and trustable results and to avoid overexposure to stressor.
Índice de Tradicionalismo Cultural
Authors: García Campos Tonatiuh
Published: September 2020

Partiendo que la cultura es una variable sumamente importante en el estudio del comportamiento humano, que los significados y la cultura subjetiva dependen del contexto sociocultural de referencia y que la etnopsicología requiere del desarrollo de conocimiento y herramientas que permitan generar una mejor amalgama entre la psicología universal (occidental y de primer mundo), con La Psicología. Bajo este marco la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo, generar un índice de tradicionalismo cultural, a través de las Premisas Histórico Socioculturales. Se aplicaron 1017 baterías que además de evaluar las PHSCs, también se evaluó el Individualismo-Colectivismo y la Instrumentalidad- Expresividad en hombres y mujeres provenientes de zonas urbanas y rurales del Norte, Centro y Sur de México, todas bajo el consentimiento informado. Los resultados reflejan un modelo con ajustes adecuados que permiten garantizar dicho índice. A su vez, el índice es sensible a variables culturales como el Individualismo - Colectivismo y a constructos socioculturales como la Instrumentalidad – Expresividad. Los resultados garantizan una herramienta que puede ser utilizada en la investigación psicológica o del comportamiento, así como en la aplicación de la psicología.
Automatic design of Hamiltonians
Authors: Pakrouski Kiryl
Published: September 2020

We formulate an optimization problem of Hamiltonian design based on the variational principle. Given a variational ansatz for a Hamiltonian we construct a loss function to be minimised as a weighted sum of relevant Hamiltonian properties specifying thereby the search query. Using fractional quantum Hall effect as a test system we illustrate how the framework can be used to determine a generating Hamiltonian of a finite-size model wavefunction (Moore-Read Pfaffian and Read-Rezayi states), find optimal conditions for an experiment or "extrapolate" given wavefunctions in a certain universality class from smaller to larger system sizes. We also discuss how the search for approximate generating Hamiltonians may be used to find simpler and more realistic models implementing the given exotic phase of matter by experimentally accessible interaction terms.
Exceeding Expectations: Students Underrepresented in Medicine at University of Utah Health
Authors: Bliss Carolyn , Wood Nora , Martineau Mike , Hawes Kathyrn Browning , López Ana María , Rodríguez José E.
Published: September 2020

Background and Objectives: The University of Utah (UU) serves an increasingly diverse state and houses the only public medical school, dental school, and college of pharmacy in the state. Utah’s diversity in the health professions lags behind the diversity of its general population, and the nation.
Methods: The Health Sciences Learning, Engagement, Achievement, and Progress (HS-LEAP) Program is a 4-year undergraduate pipeline program intended to increase racial and ethnic diversity in the health professions, specifically focused on students underrepresented in medicine (URM). Each student self-identified and submitted demographics at the time of enrollment. We followed students to successful engagement in their profession of choice; we compared graduation and postgraduation outcomes to non-HS-LEAP students at UU from 2005-2016.
Results: Almost 80% of HS-LEAP students are from communities underrepresented in medicine: 41% Latinx, 28% Asian, 7% Black, 2% American Indian/Alaskan Native, and 1% Pacific Islander. HS-LEAP students had lower ACT scores upon undergraduate enrollment, higher grade point averages in their first semester of college, higher fall-to-fall first-year retention rates, and higher 6-year graduation rates when compared to non-HS-LEAP UU students. Students who completed HS-LEAP attended graduate school at twice the rate of students who participated in HS-LEAP, the majority in the health professions.
Conclusions: The HS-LEAP program is associated with increased URM success in undergraduate programs and elevated participation in graduate programs in medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, physician assistant, nursing, and public health. Similar programs, with continuous assessment and evaluation, could be adopted in other locations to improve the representation of these groups in health professions.