bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Possibility of Incorporating Power Sector with Financial Institutions in Nigeria
Authors: Oricha Joseph Y. , Taiwo Ajayi Samuel
Published: September 2013

Financial sources are paramount in power projects planning and development. Many countries adopted various approaches in looking for financial funds for power projects development and it was discovered that concessional lending and borrowing cannot be relied on due to some peculiarities involved in power sector. Power sector, naturally is not attractive to both local and foreign investors, while financial sectors are highly attractive to investors. Incorporating power sector with financial institutions in Nigeria will reduce the acute shortage of funds for power infrastructure development and upgrading. Electricity price risk and uncertainty discourage investors. Through incorporation, financial hedging can use markets such as forward or futures to manage price risk. This paper highlight the complexity nature of power systems operation and analyze the possibility of incorporating the sector with financial institutions.
The Future of the Nigerian Agricultural Industries: A Case Study of Oil Palm Production in Edo State
Authors: Udosen U.J. , Ugboya A.P.
Published: September 2013

This study analyzes oil palm production from 2001 - 2008 in Edo State, with a view of establishing the future of Nigerian Agricultural oil palm industries. The specific objectives were to identify and quantify the factors influencing the production of oil palm, reveal the constraints to the production of oil palm; analyze the viability of oil palm production as an investment and predict the future of oil palm enterprise in Edo State. Three Local Government Areas of high oil palm concentration in Edo State were covered. Ninety selected oil palm producers from nine villages in the study area were selected. Frequency distributions and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the results. The results showed that for the period under review (2001 - 2008) on a per hectare basis, seedlings cost, and labour cost were significant inputs, positively influencing the production of oil palm in the Edo State. A growth rate of 6.2% and 23.5% were projected for oil palm with reference to palm oil and fresh fruit bunches (FFB), respectively, up to the year 2020, an indication that oil palm production in the State is viable and the future is bright. The study revealed that inadequate storage facilities, poor planting materials and lack of government assistance, among others, are major bottlenecks in oil palm production in Edo State. However, since oil palm production in Edo State is viable, it is an indication that the future of Nigerian Agricultural Industries is bright.
Reflections on Technology Transfer between University's Schools of Engineering and Sciences and Industry in Nigeria
Authors: Obanor Albert , Kwasi-Effah C.C.
Published: September 2013

University-Industry linkage is a major source by which local technology can be transferred in a country. In order for technology transfer to be effective, the recipient industry must have the right infrastructure and qualified human resources to implement the technology. Recently, issues concerning the low level of technological development and economic advancement in Nigeria have been receiving attention. A survey was recently conducted in order to examine the issues of technology transfer between Schools of Engineering and Sciences in Universities and Industry in Nigeria. The survey was conducted by asking appropriate persons to respond to a set of questions and having interviews with them. The survey revealed that there is a very low level of technology transfer between most industries and universities in Nigeria. In this paper, the reasons for this state of affairs are highlighted and suggestions are made to effectively increase the level of technology transfer and innovation in Nigeria.
Modelling the Transport and Dispersion of Atmospheric Aerosols over Warri Area of the Niger Delta Subregion of Nigeria
Authors: Temisanren B.U. , Igbafe A.I.
Published: September 2013

This study investigates the transport profile and source-sink system for atmospheric aerosols over Warri area of the Niger Delta subregion of Nigeria. The study utilized GPS information of the study locations to simulate meteorological variables over the area from the Air Resource Laboratory (ARL) website. The ARL/GFS model was used to determine the wind-field information between 1st and 8th March 2012 over sub region. In addition backward air mass trajectories were determined at various heights of 5m, 1000m and 2000m AGL for aerosol transport pattern, as well as concentration dispersion using the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model. During the study period, aerosols were noticed to evolve from the sea of the Atlantic Ocean, hence are likely of sea salt origin. Winds over the sub region ranged between 4 and 6 m/s and predominantly in the south and south westerly directions. The maximum pollutant concentration observed was about 1.0 x 10-12 μg/m3 while the minimum was about 1.5 x 10-24 μg/m3.
Effect of Rock Properties on Excavation-Loading Operation in Selected Quarries
Authors: Adebayo B. , Aladejare A.E.
Published: September 2013

The effect of rock properties on excavation-loading operation in quarries was investigated by conducting test on the mechanical properties of selected rocks. These rock samples were tested in the laboratory for specific gravity, point load strength, uniaxial compressive strength and mineral composition using weigh balance, point load tester, 1100kN compression machine and petrological microscope respectively. The filling rates of the front end loaders bucket were determined. The result obtained show that value of uniaxial compressive strength varied from 29.22 MPa-30.87 MPa. The bucket filling rate varied from 0.180-0.250 m3/s and 0.145-0.170 m3/s for porphyritic biotite granite and coarse biotite granite respectively. There is strong relationship between bucket filling rate and strength properties with values of R2 ranging from 0.9737 to 0.9981.Therefore strength parameters of the rock have effect on excavation loading operation in quarries.
A Prediction Model of Future Electricity Pricing in Namibia
Authors: Asemota Godwin Norense Osarumwense
Published: September 2013

The shortage of local electricity generation capacity coupled with increasing reliance on South Africa, from which it imports about forty-eight (48%) percent of its electricity, and another five (5%) percent from Zambia, Zimbabwe and other short term energy markets constitute the major shortcomings of electricity industry in Namibia.Therefore, price stability and volatility indices of electricity can directly impact on the developmental imperatives of any nation. This is so because the quality, quantity and pricing of electricity available to the citizenry have become the common denominators for measuring the standards of living of any commune, like Namibia. Extensive literature searchand review, and about 127 yielded questionnaires out of the 300 administered questionnaires; were used to gather data for the study. The yielded survey data were subsequently subjected to statistical analyses using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 11.5) to develop a sigmoid plot for predicting the future electricity pricing model for Namibia employing first order differential equations. The results show that the generalisedlogistic equation model for the future pricing of electricity consumed in Namibia, increased by about 13.52% per year. Upon substituting the available 1995 electricity pricing data into the logistic equation model, it was possible to predict the future electricity price for 2010, with about 1.8% error. It can be seen that the developed logistic model fit is only viable for about fifteen (15) years. It is suggested that, better estimates can be obtained if the median electricity price for either 2002 or 2003 is used as the initial electricity price, to obtain more credible electricity prices with longertime ranges, for Namibia.
Chitosan: Development of Nanoparticles, Other Physical Forms and Solubility with Acids
Authors: Shah Nimish , Mewada R.K. , Mehta Tejal
Published: September 2013

Chitosan is a modified form of Chitin. It is a modified carbohydrate polymer derived by hydrolyzing the aminoacetyl groups of chitin. Chitosan is a biodegradable natural polymer which is, biocompatible, non-toxic. It also shows anti-bacterial properties. This polysaccharide is available in different forms such as nanoparticles, solution, powder, flake, fiber, film, etc. Due to its wide range of physical forms and good reactivity with other compounds, chitosan can produce various blends. Nanoparticles of various natural biopolymers have emerged as potential carrier for drugs in oral controlled drug delivery. Nanostructured drug carriers allow the delivery of not only small-molecule drugs but also of nucleic acids and proteins. Chemical modification of nanoparticles of chitosan is useful for the association of bioactive molecules to polymer and controlling the drug release profile. In recent years focus on chitosan is shifted to its derivatives. This versatile material has broad applications in many different fields. Various physical forms of chitosan and its blends together with other derivatives such as composites and graft copolymers have been developed to overcome limitations of different polymeric materials such as poor mechanical properties and to improve its functionality towards specific applications. Nanoparticles of chitosan and it derivatives are extensively exploited in the field of oral drug delivery. The progress made in converting chitosan and its blends into nanoparticles forms as well as the preparation methods are studied. For preparation of these blends and nanoparticles of chitosan need to be dissolved in for reactions. We also studied its dissolution behavior with different acids. It shows quite interesting results.
Magic Clusters in SixMg3 (x=1-10) Series: Potential Building Motifs for Inorganic Nanomaterials
Authors: Roy Debesh Ranjan
Published: September 2013

A detail investigation on the stability and electronic properties for a series of bimetallic (semiconductor-alkaline earth) clusters, viz., SixMg3(x=1-10) is performed in search for the exceptional or unusual stable motifs. A standard generalized gradient approximation (GGA) exchange-correlation functional, as proposed by Perdew, Burke and Ernzerhof (PBE) is employed for this purpose under the density functional formalism. The magic stability of the concerned clusters is explained using the jellium and aromaticity models. It is evident from the present study that the magic stability of Si7Mg3cluster arises due to the jellium shell closure whereas the same for Si4Mg3originates from the σ dominated aromaticity over its π counterpart.
Diffraction Stress Analysis of Fiber Textured Ti Thin Films Undergoing hcp - fcc Phase Transformation
Authors: Chakraborty Jay
Published: September 2013

X-ray diffraction stress analysis by crystallite group method (CGM) has been employed in case of simultaneously strong and sharp fiber textured Ti thin films. These Ti films exhibit thickness dependent hcp-fcc phase transformation [Ref. 1]. Diffraction stress analysis has also been attempted by d-sin2 method for strongly textured face centered cubic (fcc) and hexagonal close packed (hcp) Ti phases. For hcp Ti phase, the results of stress analysis by CGM are compared with those obtained from d-sin2 method. It is found that the stress values in hcp Ti phases obtained from CGM considerably differ from the stresses obtained from d-sin2 method in some of the Ti films. Observed differences have been explained and possible sources of errors in d-sin2 method and CGM stress analysis have been discussed.
In Situ Structural Evolution of Steel-Based MMC by High Energy X-Ray Diffraction and Comparison with Micromechanical Approach
Authors: Geandier Guillaume , Dehmas Moukrane , Mourot Mickael , Aeby-Gautier Elisabeth , Denis Sabine , Martin Olivier , Karnatak Nikhil
Published: September 2013

In situ high energy X-ray diffraction synchrotron was used to provide direct analysis of the transformation sequences in steel-based matrix composite (MMC) reinforced with TiC particles. Evolution of the phase fractions of the matrix and TiC particles as well as the mean cell parameters of each phase were determined by Rietveld refinement from high energy X-ray diffraction (ID15B, ESRF, Grenoble, France). In addition, some peaks were further analysed in order to obtain the X-ray strain during the cooling step. Non-linear strain evolutions of each phase are evidenced, which are either associated with differences in the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between matrix and TiC particle or to the occurrence of phase transformation. Micromechanical calculations were performed through the finite element method to estimate the stress state in each phase and outline the effects of differences in CTE and of volume change associated with the matrix phase transformation. The calculated results led to a final compressive hydrostatic stress in the TiC reinforcement and tensile hydrostatic stress in the matrix area around the TiC particles. Besides, the tendencies measured from in situ synchrotron diffraction (mean cell parameters) matched with the numerical estimates.
Evolution of Residual Micro Phase and Orientation Dependent Stresses during Cold Wire Drawing
Authors: Kriška Martin , Tacq Jeroen , van Acker Karel , Seefeldt Marc
Published: September 2013

The residual grain and phase microstress evolutions in the ferrite matrix of pearlitic wires after several steps of cold wire drawing have been studied. Energy dispersive synchrotron diffraction revealed a significant divergence in the grain microstress evolution among differently oriented ferrite grains in the high deformation regime beyond accumulated true strain level εt ≥ 2.3.The possible physical reason for the observed divergence is discussed in terms of distinct microstructure development in this stage of the cold wire drawing.
Analysis of Texture Depth Distribution by Energy-Dispersive Diffraction
Authors: Coelho Rodrigo Santiago , Klaus Manuela , Genzel Christoph
Published: September 2013

Possibilities for depth resolving texture analysis applying energy-dispersive X-ray synchrotron diffraction are presented. Exploiting the advantage of having the complete diffraction spectra observed in a fixed but arbitrary measuring direction, two different approaches for high spatial resolution analyses are discussed. The first allows fast access of intensity distribution from plan families {hkl} parallel to the sample surface. The latter allows successful pole figure assessment despite the complex and time consuming slit alignment and data processing. The size of the sampling volume can be tailored to the sample problem ranging from 10 to 100 µm in height or more if necessary.
Automatic Meshing Method for Optimisation of the Fusion Zone Dimensions in Finite Element Models of Welds
Authors: Decroos Koen , Ohms Carsten , Petrov Roumen , Seefeldt Marc , Verhaeghe Frederik , Kestens Leo
Published: September 2013

A new method has been designed to automatically adapt the geometry of the fusion zone of a weld according to the temperature calculations when the thermal welding heat source parameters are known. In the material definition in a Finite Element code for welding stress calculations, the fusion zone material has different properties than the base material since, among others, the temperature at which the material is stress free is the melting temperature instead of room temperature. In this work, the fusion zone has been determined by postprocessing the thermal model results. The calculated dimensions of the fusion zone have been used as an input for a user subroutine which automatically creates a Finite Element mesh that separates fusion zone elements and base material elements according to the physical reality. It has been shown that the method allows a more accurate stress prediction in the fusion zone and the heat affected zone close to the fusion line, where residual stresses can be important. Neutron diffraction measurements have been used as a validation of the model.
Numerical Analysis of the Effect of Phase Transformation on Residual Stresses in an Autogenous Beam Edge Weld
Authors: Joosten Martina M.
Published: September 2013

This paper presents the numerical analysis of phase proportions and residual stresses in an autogenous beam edge weld. The thin beam was welded running a heat source along its longer edge using a TIG process. There is no addition of any material so the focus of modelling the process could be concentrated on the thermal analysis and the phase transformations. Temperature dependent material properties and a continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagram of the base material were provided. The simulations took into account metallurgical effects and used a Goldak-type heat source. Simulations with and without phase transformations were carried out, in order to analyse the effect on the predicted residual stress.
Effect of Martensitic Phase Transformation on Stress Build-up during Multilayer Welding
Authors: Kromm Arne , Kannengiesser Thomas
Published: September 2013

Innovative low transformation temperature (LTT) welding filler materials are featuring a characteristic chemical composition which favors the formation of martensite at comparatively low temperatures. This permits deliberate adjustment of welding residual stresses. Even though numerous investigations can be found in the literature on this issue, they provide only little insight into the interaction between phase transformation and resulting welding residual stresses. For this purpose, a component weld test was performed in a special large-scale testing facility. The results illustrate that the desired residual stress control by using LTT alloys is actually feasible. With increasing shrinkage restraint, however, higher tensile residual stresses are formed in transverse direction of the weld. By contrast, the residual stress level in longitudinal weld direction is nearly independent of the restraint conditions. On-line stress analysis revealed that the amount of stress reduction during cooling of the individual weld runs is dependent on the weld volume undergoing phase transformation. Overall, evidence was furnished that the approach of residual stress engineering by LTT alloys is suitable even in the case of large-scale multilayer welding.
Wear and Surface Residual Stress Evolution on Twin-Disc Tests of Rail/Wheel Steels
Authors: Batista António Castanhola , Peixoto Daniel F.C. , Nobre Joao P. , Coelho Luís , Ramos Diogo Mesquita , Ferreira Luis A.A. , de Castro Paulo M.S.T.
Published: September 2013

Twin disc tribological tests were performed in wheel and rail materials, with specimens taken from a Spanish AVE train wheel and a UIC60 rail, in a program intended to characterize their contact fatigue behavior. The X-ray diffraction technique was used to characterize the residual stress distribution at the initial and damaged stages, as well as in intermediate stages, since existing residual stresses in the surface layers of the railways steels and its evolution during contact loading can have a major influence on crack initiation and propagation.
Psychometric properties of the adult resilience indicator
Authors: Kotzé Martina , Nel Petrus
Published: September 2013

Orientation: Researchers need to assess the psychometric rigour of resilience measuring scales. Research purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the psychometric properties of the South African Adult Resilience Indicator (ARI).Motivation for the study: Researchers have not previously published the psychometric properties of the South African Adult Resilience Indicator.Research design, approach and method: The authors used a cross-sectional quantitative research design. A sample of 789 young adults participated in the study. Cross-validation allowed the authors to confirm (using the validation sample) the validity of the ARI structure they obtained during initial testing (using the calibration sample). They investigated two measurement models (the original factor structure and a one-dimensional factor structure).Main findings: The original factor structure presented the data and the proposed theory better than did the one-dimensional factor structure. The authors found acceptable goodness of fit for the ARI. More specifically, they found invariance (in terms of equal factor loadings,covariances and error variances) in the calibration and validation samples. They also found acceptable reliability estimates for each of the eight sub-scales.Practical/managerial implications: The results can help researchers and practitioners interested in measuring resilience in adults to choose a resilience measure and to select an appropriate measure for their populations and contexts.Contribution/value-add: Previous research has clearly shown that reliable and valid resilience measures are necessary. It is also necessary to assess the psychometric properties of the currently available instruments and to publish the findings. This study has helped by examining the psychometric properties of the South African Adult Resilience Indicator.
Sound Off! Don't Sacrifice Geometry on the Common Core Altar
Authors: Nirode Wayne
Published: September 2013

Although high school geometry could be a meaningful course in exploring, reasoning, proving, and communicating, it often lacks authentic proof and has become just another course in algebra. This article examines why geometry is important to learn and provides an outline of what that learning experience should be.
Reinforcing Geometric Properties with Shapedoku Puzzles
Authors: Wanko Jeffrey J. , Nickell Jennifer V.
Published: September 2013

Shapedoku puzzles combine logic and spatial reasoning with an understanding of basic geometric concepts.
Technology Tips: Sample Too Small? Probably Not!
Authors: Strayer Jeremy F.
Published: September 2013

Using the TI-Nspire, students can see that polling results from a small group will suffice for determining the opinion of the whole population.
Concentration of dissolved iron in the oxygen minimum zone off San Esteban sill, Gulf of California
Authors: Segovia-Zavala José Antonio , Delgadilo-Hinojosa Francisco , Huerta-Díaz Miguel Ángel , Muñoz-Barbosa Albino , Galindo-Bect Manuel Salvador , Hernández-Ayón José Martín , Torres-Delgado Eunice Vanessa
Published: September 2013

Dissolved iron (Fed) concentrations are reported for the Gulf of California oxygen minimum zone (OMZ), which was located in front of San Esteban sill, between Subtropical Subsurface Water (SSW) and Pacific Intermediate Water. Mean Fed concentration in the OMZ was 3.84 ± 2.48 nM, with minimum and maximum values of 1.48 and 10.02 nM. These concentrations are higher and are enriched in relation to the Tropical Northeast Pacific Ocean OMZ (0.25–1.2 nM), whose waters enter the gulf through SSW. Sediment resuspension and Fed-enriched waters cause the observed Fe increase at the stations located near San Esteban sill. On the other hand, the relatively lower Fed concentrations found at the stations farthest from the sill are the result of denitrification in the suboxic zone.
Verification of responses of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) to anti‐androgens, vinclozolin and flutamide, in short‐term assays
Authors: Nakamura Ataru , Takanobu Hitomi , Tamura Ikumi , Yamamuro Masumi , Iguchi Taisen , Tatarazako Norihisa
Published: September 2013

Various testing methods for the detection of the endocrine disruptive activities of chemicals have been developed in freshwater fish species. However, a few relatively easier specific methods for detecting anti‐androgenic activities are available for fish. The aim of this study was to verify the papillary process in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) as an indicator of the anti‐androgenic activity of chemicals. Japanese medaka were exposed to two types of anti‐androgenic compounds, vinclozolin and flutamide, using two short‐term assays; one was conformed to the existing short‐term reproduction assay using adult fish (adult test) and the other was a test based on the same methods but using juvenile fish at the beginning of exposure (juvenile test). Significant decreases in male papillary processes were observed in the juvenile test treated with the highest concentration of both antiandrogens (640 µg l–1 vinclozolin and 1000 µg l–1 flutamide); however, no significant effects were observed in the adult test. Consequently, our results indicate that papillary processes in Japanese medaka can be used as the end‐point for screening the anti‐androgenic activity of chemicals using juvenile fish for a specific period based on the existing short‐term reproduction assay. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A dichotomy theorem for minimizers of monotone recurrence relations
Authors: MRAMOR BLAŽ , RINK BOB
Published: September 2013

Variational monotone recurrence relations arise in solid state physics as generalizations of the Frenkel–Kontorova model for a ferromagnetic crystal. For such problems, Aubry–Mather theory establishes the existence of ‘ground states’ or ‘global minimizers’ of arbitrary rotation number. A nearest neighbor crystal model is equivalent to a Hamiltonian twist map. In this case, the global minimizers have a special property: they can only cross once. As a non-trivial consequence, every one of them has the Birkhoff property. In crystals with a larger range of interaction and for higher order recurrence relations, the single crossing property does not hold and there can exist global minimizers that are not Birkhoff. In this paper we investigate the crossings of global minimizers. Under a strong twist condition, we prove the following dichotomy: they are either Birkhoff, and thus very regular, or extremely irregular and non-physical: they then grow exponentially and oscillate. For Birkhoff minimizers, we also prove certain strong ordering properties that are well known for twist maps.
Characterizations of periods of multi-dimensional shifts
Authors: JEANDEL EMMANUEL , VANIER PASCAL
Published: September 2013

We show that the sets of periods of multi-dimensional shifts of finite type are precisely the sets of integers of the complexity classNP. We also show that the functions counting their number are the functions of #P. We also give characterizations of some other notions of periodicity in terms of space complexity. We finish the paper by giving some characterizations for sofic and effective subshifts.
Memory Mates: A Classroom-Based Intervention to Improve Attention and Working Memory
Authors: Davis Nash , Sheldon Linda , Colmar Susan
Published: September 2013

A small-scale research study was undertaken to identify the impact of attention and working memory (WM) strategies for one Year 3 class over four lessons. A selection of eight strategies was embedded in everyday mathematics lessons, and the class teacher was supported to adjust lesson delivery and monitor students experiencing WM overload. Explicit student and teacher instruction was provided to learn how to understand and apply the strategies during lessons. The goals of this research were to increase teacher expertise in teaching strategies to improve WM and to encourage students to practise and self-monitor strategy use. Students’ academic engagement rose to 100% and all students increased their academic achievement outcomes.
Subjective cognitive complaints across the adult life span: a 14-year analysis of trends and associations using the 1993, 2000 and 2007 English Psychiatric Morbidity Surveys
Authors: Begum A. , Dewey M. , Hassiotis A. , Prince M. , Wessely S. , Stewart R.
Published: September 2013

Background

Cognitive complaints are common in all age groups but most often researched in old age. We aimed to investigate prevalences and time trends over 14 years of subjective memory complaints (SMC) and subjective concentration complaints (SCC) in adults and investigate associations with mood disorders and cognitive function.

Method

Data from three English national mental health surveys carried out in 1993, 2000 and 2007 were analysed. SMC and SCC were measured using the Clinical Interview Schedule – Revised and cognitive function using the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status.

Results

Both SMC and SCC increased up to middle age and then declined, followed by a second rise in the very oldest age groups. Age-specific prevalence of both increased across survey years but relationships with mental health and cognitive outcomes were relatively stable.

Conclusions

Cognitive complaints are most common in middle age and have become more prevalent over time.
EM II B ware groups at Knossos: the 1907–1908 South Front tests
Authors: Wilson David E. , Day Peter M.
Published: September 2013

This article presents a descriptive analysis, both stylistic and petrographic, of the wares which define EM II B at Knossos based on pottery from deposits beneath the EM III South Front House excavated by Evans and Mackenzie in 1907–08. A classificatory system based on ware and fabric is used here as a means of investigating questions of location, technology and traditions of ceramic production, all key aspects in reconstructing socio-economic organisation in Early Minoan Crete. Comment is made on stylistic development and change in the EM II ceramic sequence at Knossos and the broad questions of ceramic production, distribution/exchange and consumption in EM II B Central Crete. Finally, inferences are drawn about the social value and meaning of the EM II B pottery at Knossos and arguments made for the specialised use of this site for ceremonial drinking/feasting practices.
New evidence on Early Helladic Laconia
Authors: Banou Emilia
Published: September 2013

This article presents three new Early Helladic sites in Laconia, identified as such on the basis of sherd material collected between 1990–94. Two of the sites, Agios Georgios and Vouno Panagias, lie on the east side of the Eurotas river in the Sparta plain and offer a good opportunity to study the settlement hierarchy and density at that time. Moreover, the two probable EH III sherds from these sites are the first to be recognised in Laconia. The third new site of Boza lies on the east coast of the Laconian gulf near ancient Asopos. The richness and variety of sherd material collected there point to the sea as a possible route via which ceramic innovations reached Laconia. Finally, important known sites like Agios Vassileios in the Sparta plain, Vardies south of Gytheio and Daimonia on the east coast of the Laconian gulf, greatly contribute to the picture of EH Laconia as a densely populated area maintaining contacts with other regions of the EH culture throughout the third millennium.
The architecture of the Roman Odeion at Kos
Authors: Chlepa Eleni Anna
Published: September 2013

The Roman Odeion at Kos was a covered rectangular building with four perimeter walls supporting the roof. The design of the koilon in the shape of a hoof follows Vitruvius' rules on Hellenistic theatres. The koilon was built with opus caementicium and it was supported by two vaulted stoas in a circular arrangement. The seats and the staircases were clad with marble. The stage has a peculiar pentagonal shape and its proscenium was rectilinear. The current form of the Odeion corresponds, in its entirety, to the ancient structure. A geometric tracing and a new restored plan of the koilon are presented. Finally, a date for the Odeion's construction in the first half of the second century AD is suggested.
Greece and the Australian Classical connection
Authors: Merrillees R. S.
Published: September 2013

The study of ancient Greek and Latin in Australia and New Zealand, especially at Sydney Church of England Grammar School in New South Wales, produced this century a number of leading scholars who made a major contribution to the study of Old World archaeology in Europe and Australia this century. Among them were V. G. Childe, T. J. Dunbabin, J. R. Stewart and A. D. Trendall. In developing their respective fields of expertise, all spent some time in Greece, as students, excavators, research workers and soldiers, and had formative links with the British School at Athens. Australia's debt to the Classics is reflected not only in the life-long attachment to their legacy, and to Greece, by the former Prime Minister, the Hon. E. G. Whitlam, but in the perpetuation of their influence in such Colonial and modern structures as the monument of Lysicrates in Sydney's Botanic Gardens and the National Library and new Parliament House in Canberra, and in an official poster illustrating multiculturalism in Australia. Despite their role in shaping Australia's European history, the teaching of Classics is under threat as never before, and the late Enoch Powell, at one time Professor of Ancient Greek at the University of Sydney, has stigmatised the obscurantism which threatens to impoverish if not undermine Western civilisation by closing access to knowledge of our Classical past.
Exports of Attic Protogeometric pottery and their identification by non-analytical means
Authors: Catling R. W. V.
Published: September 2013

This paper draws attention to the potential for recognizing exported Attic Protogeometric pottery by macroscopic characteristics of its fabric, whose salient features are described. The utility of these criteria are tested on a group of pottery from Asine in the Argolis whose Attic origin was not recognized in the original publication. A brief survey of the distribution of exported Attic Protogeometric pottery shows it to occur mainly in the southern Aegean, with notable concentrations at Lefkandi, Aigina, Asine and Knossos. A list of exports is appended to this survey.
The layout of the Lefkandi ‘Heroon’
Authors: de Waele J. A. K. E.
Published: September 2013

The only way to gain insight into ancient architectural planning is by converting the metric dimensions into the architect's foot unit, which must be calculated on the basis of measurements within the building. In the case of the Lefkandi ‘heroon’, a monumental building unique for its time, such an analysis is rewarding. When we try a foot length of 30 cms, the repartition becomes clear. The width (interior measurement 30 ft) consists of two equal naves of 15 ft. This bay determined the interior length of (10 × 15 ft =) 150 ft. This length was divided into a main room of (5 × 15 ft =) 75 ft, and the remaining half was divided into a front hall (30 ft), the north and south rooms (15 ft), and the apse room (30 ft). To these interior dimensions lengthwise were added a porch of 8 ft, a rear wall (2 ft) and a colonnade (6 ft), a total of 166 ft (11 × 15 + 1 ft). To the interior width (30 ft) were added two length walls (2 × 2 ft) and the colonnade (2 × 6 ft): a total of (30 ft + 2 × 2 ft + 2 × 6 ft =) 46 ft. Reduced to these foot measurements the Lefkandi ‘heroon’ appears to us as a simple construction, in which the interaxial or bay of 15 ft seems to be the planning unit for the ground plan.
Eretria's colonies in the area of the Thermaic Gulf
Authors: Hammond N. G. L.
Published: September 2013

Even the sites of the Eretrian colonies Methone, Dicaea and Mende in the area of the Thermaic Gulf were unknown ten years ago. Topographical research and excavation reports by Greek scholars have now provided much information on which this article is based.
Philippi: the results of a geophysical survey
Authors: Poulter A. G. , Strange P.
Published: September 2013

In 1995, the authors carried out a geophysical survey (resistivity) within the lower part of the ancient city. This trial survey successfully identified buildings and streets (including the junction of the Via Egnatia with the ‘diagonal road’). It was confirmed that the city had been planned according to two different street-grids, one respecting the Via Egnatia and the other aligned upon the ‘diagonal road’. Included is a new plan of Philippi, taking into account the evidence provided by the latest excavations.
Medieval and Post-Medieval pottery from a site in Boeotia: a case study example of Post-Classical archaeology in Greece
Authors: Vroom Joanita
Published: September 2013

The study of Medieval and Post-Medieval pottery in Greece has been much neglected until quite recently. Only in the last decade or so has interest in the historical and cultural information presented by the remains and artefacts of these periods grown. In the Cambridge-Durham Boeotia Project, based on intensive field survey, much attention has been paid to deserted village sites of the Post-Roman era. In this article a selection of the Medieval and Post-Medieval surface pottery samples at one Boeotian site will be described and discussed. The ceramic data from the field survey are combined with and interpreted in the light of information obtained from Ottoman tax registers and other written sources. Also an attempt is made to explore the possibilities of formulating conjectures about the change in pottery function during the period from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century.
The Minoan thalassocracy reconsidered: provenance studies of LH II A/LM I B pottery from Phylakopi, Ay. Irini and Athens
Authors: Mountjoy P. A. , Ponting M. J.
Published: September 2013

Chemical analysis by ICP at the Fitch Laboratory (British School at Athens) is used to see if the imported LB II pottery at Phylakopi on Melos is Minoan or Mycenaean. The possibility of a Minoan thalassocracy and of Minoan colonies in the Cyclades is reconsidered in the light of this new evidence, trade routes to the Cyclades are examined, the nature of the Mycenaean presence in the Cyclades is briefly discussed and the evidence for a LM I B horizon at Kastri on Kythera reinvestigated.
A real estate ‘market’ in Classical Greece? The example of town housing
Authors: Nevett Lisa
Published: September 2013

In the past it has often been assumed that, although rental of real estate in Classical Greece was relatively common, sales of such property were not. This article challenges that assumption by looking in detail at a small group of inscriptions from Olynthos in the Chalkidiki, which date to the first half of the fourth century and record transactions involving houses in the city. By analysing these documents in conjunction with their archaeological contexts, it becomes evident that there was a systematic set of criteria by which such properties were valued, and that a premium was placed upon larger houses and those located close to the agora, at the centre of the social and political life of the city. This adds a new dimension to the emerging picture of the increasing use of the house as a symbol of personal prestige during the fourth century. The limited evidence available from Athens and the Attic deme centres suggests that Attic town houses had a comparable range of values and that a similar shared concept of value may therefore have been operating. It thus seems that in the case of town houses, at least, sufficient properties were changing hands for potential purchasers to have a shared concept of their value, and this may indicate that families moved between different areas of a settlement, or between different settlements.
On the Origin of the Wooden Coffin in Late Bronze Age Greece
Authors: Hägg Robin , Sieurin Franciska
Published: September 2013

During the last three decades, wooden coffins have come to light in increasing numbers in graves of the earlier phases of the Late Minoan period, especially in the area of Knossos. When their form and dimensions can be discerned, they often belong to a type that is or imitates a chest for household use. Sinclair Hood, Ingo Pini, and Bogdan Rutkowski, who have dealt with these coffins, agree on their general similarity to the clay larnakes of the type called chest-larnakes that are so common in the LM III graves of central and western Crete, and for which wooden prototypes are generally assumed. Hood and Pini also stress that the wooden coffins belong to a different tradition from that of the earlier, Middle Minoan, clay larnakes, but that the origin of the type is unknown. Rutkowski thinks that the wooden coffin was ‘a subsequent development of the M.M. rectangular larnax made of clay’. Common to all three is that they see the use of the wooden coffin as a purely Minoan phenomenon, in line with the tradition of larnakes from Early Minoan onwards till the end of the Bronze Age. They note in passing that there are a few examples of sarcophagi of wood, stone, and terracotta on the Mycenaean mainland, but attribute their occurrence to Minoan influence.
The Acheloos Painter and Relations
Authors: Moignard Elizabeth
Published: September 2013

‘The vases of the Acheloos Painter and those in his manner might have been included in the long Leagros list, as they are central examples of the Leagran style: I have placed them in a list of their own, but would insist that they are no less Leagran than the others.’ Thus Beazley, in the introduction to the long Leagran chapter in ABV. The Leagros Group is a large and embarrassingly homogeneous group of late sixth-century Attic black-figure vases; so stylistically homogeneous is it, in fact, that even Beazley admitted a certain defeat when it came to attributing most of them to their painters. As a group they have a well-defined personality, and much of what is true of any one vase is also true of the others, whence the particular problems of attribution. It is an important group because it is contemporary with the red-figure Pioneers, Euphronios, Euthymides, Phintias, and their coterie, and stylistically like their work; Beazley claimed in the ABV introduction that the Leagran pots were painted in the same workshop.
Figurative iconography from Corinth, Ithaka and Pithekoussai: Aetos 600 reconsidered
Authors: Morgan Catherine
Published: September 2013

This article reappraises the iconography and function of an architectural model or pyxis from Aetos on Ithaka, represented by four sherds originally published by Martin Robertson in BSA 43 (1948), 101–2 as part of the group Aetos 600. Particular comparison is made with the iconography of an imported Ithakan kantharos from tomb 949 in the San Montano cemetery at Pithekoussai. This tomb context, dated to the third quarter of the eighth century, provides a rare fixed point in the chronology of Ithakan painting. In both cases, the mixture of Italian and Near Eastern iconographical traits suggests closer connections with contemporary Italy than the Greek mainland. Further iconographical and functional comparison is made with a figured architectural model from the Monte di Vico acropolis at Pithekoussai.
Coins from the Mycenae Excavations, 1939–1962
Authors: Dengate James A.
Published: September 2013

Since 1939 the British and Helleno-British excavations at Mycenae have produced sixty-six coins, sixty-three of which are classified as Greek. Most of these probably circulated in the Hellenistic kome of Mycenae. This fortified dependency of Argos is mentioned by Plutarch as the place where Aristippus, the tyrant of Argos, was killed in 235 B.C. It was certainly founded earlier, however. The most likely time appears to have been in the later fourth or early third century B.C.
Fourmontiana. IG v1. 515: Another Forgery ‘from Amyklai’
Authors: Spawforth A. J. S.
Published: September 2013

The intention of this paper is to argue the rejection of IG v1. 515 as another forgery fabricated by the French antiquary Michel Fourmont (1690–1746), in collusion with his nephew, Claude-Louis Fourmont (1703–80). The text, known only from the five copies of it preserved among Fourmont's papers in the Département des Manuscrits at the Bibliothèque Nationale, was first published by Raoul-Rochette in 1819, and subsequently incorporated by Boeckh in CIG i (no. 1338) and Kolbe in IG v1. Its authenticity has never been questioned. The provenance ascribed to the text by Fourmont, the temple of Apollo Amyklaios, may be dismissed at the outset as false, in so far as there is no question of his having found this sanctuary (there was no temple as such).
Pedology and Land Use
Authors: Bintliff John
Published: September 2013

From intensive field data a soil map and a land use potential map have been compiled. They should be considered together, and in relation to the cumulative site maps (Figs. 34–6).
The Sites
Authors: Blackman David , Branigan Keith
Published: September 2013

I. The Ayiofarango Valley

E1 (M, GR, BM)

A terrace at about the 200 m. contour, east of and above the road from Kaloi Limenes to A. Kyriaki, c. 100 m. from the point where the road crosses the watershed into the catchment area. The terrace is c. 150 m. (N.-S.) by 50 m. (E.-W.), bounded on the east by steep, bare upward gradients, and on the west by a steep downward slope covered only with low scrub. Two possible stretches of wall were found on the western slope, but the only certain structural remains were a modern sheep pen and a circular wall, c. 1–5 m. in diameter, which appeared to be a filled-in well. Abraded sherds were quite common on the western slope, but scarcer on the terrace.
On the Use of Mycenaean ‘Buttons’
Authors: Iakovidis Spyros
Published: September 2013

Perhaps the most characteristic artifacts other than pottery found with any frequency at Mycenaean sites are the small, vertically perforated conoid objects described as spindle whorls or buttons, although neither use has been satisfactorily proved. They occur in several shapes. Persson distinguished the purely conical type with or without a rounded top from the shanked and the disc-shaped; Wace divided them into conical, shanked, shanked with concave base, and biconical; Blegen into bicones, short cones, and shanked; Furumark into conical (Type a 1), biconical (a 2), shanked (b), and disc-shaped (c). They belong, that is to say, to five basic types: bicone, semi-globular (Persson's round-top conical), conical, shanked, and flat or disc-shaped (Fig. 1), with variations in the shape of their bases (flat or concave) and of their tops (plain or ringed).
The foundation of Thasos
Authors: Graham A. J.
Published: September 2013

Thasos must be one of the best-known, archaeologically, of all Greek colonies, so it is something of a paradox that the material evidence for its foundation and earliest days is far from satisfactory. We have no early graves, and, until 1960, there was no evidence from any very early settlement either. True, in more than one sanctuary it is assumed that the finds go back (in general terms) to the beginning of the life of the Parian colony, but none of this material is demonstrably earlier than c. 650, a time which is very generally thought to be about a generation later than the foundation of the colony. So even quite recently it was possible to write ‘It seems likely that it was founded from Paros by about 680 B.C. … The earliest pottery which can be dated is Corinthian and Rhodian, none of it much earlier than the mid seventh century.’
Hellenistic Fine Ware Pottery and Lamps from above the House with the Idols at Mycenae
Authors: Rudolph Wolf
Published: September 2013

The excavations conducted to the north of and around the House with the Idols during the last two decades have brought to light groups of Hellenistic pottery from domestic contexts which will be presented in the following outline. The purpose of this article is principally to discuss the fine wares and the lamps as a distinct typological group, adding to our scant present-day knowledge of Hellenistic pottery in the Peloponnese outside Corinth. A discussion of the over-all archaeological context of the pottery as well as of the cooking-, coarse-, and pithos wares is to follow in a different context planned for a future publication.

The principal feature of the Hellenistic layer covering this area comprises two strata of construction within the identified dwelling units. These houses lay to either side of what appears to have been a street or alley, running up the slope south of both the Ramp House and the South House, carrying on in an approximately north west – south easterly direction.