bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Obstetric cardiopulmonary arrest: construction and validation of an instrument to assess nursing knowledge
Authors: Silva Samuel Melo de Andrade , Silva Fabiana Laranjeira da , Grimaldi Monaliza Ribeiro Mariano , Barros Lívia Moreira , Sá Guilherme Guarino de Moura , Galindo Neto Nelson Miguel
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT Objective To build and validate an instrument to assess nursing knowledge about obstetric cardiopulmonary arrest. Methods A methodological study consisting of the construction of the instrument, content validation by 23 experts and validation of internal consistency with 74 nursing professionals and 99 nursing students. Items with a minimum agreement of 90%, verified from the Content Validation Index, Content Validity Ratio and binomial test were considered valid. Cronbach’s alpha was used to verify internal consistencyand a value greater than 0.6 was classified as acceptable. Results The instrument consisted of 16 multiple-choice questions, from the 16 items evaluated, eight had 100% agreement by the experts and six had 95%. The lowest content validity ratio was 0.82 and Cronbach’s alpha was 0.694. Conclusions The instrument was constructed and validated, and its use is recommended to assess knowledge in obstetric cardiopulmonary arrest.
Physiological evaluation of premature infants in traditional and humanized weighing: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Araújo Bárbara Bertolossi Marta de , Monteiro Letícia Gomes , Soares Juliana Mello Duarte , Brito Flávia dos Santos Barbosa , Silva Laura Johanson da , Nunes Michelle Darezzo Rodrigues , Marta Cristiano Bertolossi , Pacheco Sandra Teixeira de Araújo
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT Objective To describe and compare the physiological signs presented by premature infants in traditional and humanized weighing. Method A quasi-experimental crossover study, with a sample of 30 premature infants randomly assigned and allocated to the control group (traditional) and the intervention group (humanized), from March 2019 to March 2020, with the collection of general data, vital signs before and after the procedures. Statistical analyses included description of relative and absolute frequencies, measure of central tendency and dispersion. Results Premature infants showed less increase in heart rate (53.3%) and respiratory rate (43%) in the verification of humanized weighing than in the traditional way, with 83.3% of neonates and 80%, respectively. Conclusion It was observed that the humanized form provided less physiological instability, especially in heart and respiratory rates, making it necessary to encourage discussions about the humanization of care and perform this practice routinely in health units.
A utilização dos quartzos por sociedades antigas na serra de Carajás, Amazônia, Pará
Authors: Maia Renata Rodrigues , Rodet Maria Jacqueline , Magalhães Marcos Pereira
Published: November 2022

Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo principal apresentar os resultados das análises realizadas nas indústrias sobre quartzos presentes nas coleções de dois sítios arqueológicos – Capela e Ananás –, localizados na região de Carajás, sudeste do estado Pará, Brasil. O método aplicado compreende a análise tecnológica, e o principal conceito utilizado é o de cadeia operatória, desenvolvido pela Escola Francesa e adaptado para este trabalho. Através dos resultados obtidos, foi possível observar as escolhas e as intenções dos antigos grupos humanos quanto ao gerenciamento destas matérias-primas, quais sejam, principalmente, pequenas lascas alongadas produzidas, pouco espessas, frequentemente utilizadas sem grandes transformações, debitadas por percussão direta dura e percussão sobre bigorna.
Museología social en contextos étnicos: una reflexión sobre investigación colaborativa con los pueblos inga y kamëntsá del Valle del Sibundoy (Colombia)
Authors: Martínez Alexandra , Pérez Benavides Amada Carolina
Published: November 2022

Resumen Entre el 2018 y el 2019 desarrollamos un proyecto de investigación colaborativa en el Valle del Sibundoy (Putumayo) en el que exploramos las posibilidades que ofrece la museología social, como propuesta de museo emergente e incluyente. En este artículo se presenta una reflexión sobre la experiencia de una curaduría colaborativa, a partir de los talleres desarrollados en los cabildos de San Andrés y San Francisco, con base en un corpus de fotografías de misión recopilado en diferentes archivos nacionales e internacionales. Asimismo, se ofrece un análisis sobre esta metodología y sobre su pertinencia para la construcción de investigaciones, de tipo participativo, en sociología e historia.
Lo que ganamos con el fuego. Estudio arqueométrico de las temperaturas de cocción en alfarería prehispánica del Delta Superior del río Paraná (Argentina)
Authors: Di Prado Violeta Soledad , Bonomo Mariano , Conconi Susana , Castro Canela , Genazzini Cecilia , Silva Carolina
Published: November 2022

Resumen En la arqueología del Nordeste argentino son escasos los trabajos que estudian las condiciones de quema de la alfarería prehispánica, no habiéndose aplicado técnicas físico-químicas que midan las transformaciones que sufre la pared cerámica durante el proceso de cocción. Con el propósito de revertir este estado de situación, aplicamos difracción de rayos X, análisis térmico diferencial y termogravimétrico, y dilatometría sobre 31 muestras de cerámicas arqueológicas recuperadas en los sitios Los Tres Cerros 1 y Cerro Tapera Vázquez (Delta Superior del río Paraná). La mayoría de las muestras (i.e., contenedores restringidos y no restringidos, campanas y cuchara) fue cocida a temperaturas superiores a 550/650 ºC e inferiores a 800 ºC; cuatro no superaron los 550/650 ºC y dos fueron sometidas a temperaturas superiores a los 800/900 ºC. A partir de la integración de estos resultados con evidencia etnoarqueológica, experimental y arqueológica interpretamos el amplio rango de temperaturas de cocción detectado (< 550 ºC y > 800 ºC) como un indicador de quemas en estructuras abiertas (i.e., fogones o pozos). Esta información nos permitió discutir hipótesis sobre las condiciones de cocción propuestas en investigaciones previas y plantear a futuro un programa experimental que permitirá conocer distintos aspectos de las quemas prehispánicas.
WAITING LIST FOR LIVER TRANSPLANTATION: CLINICAL AND ECONOMIC BURDEN
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ Santiago , MOTTA Fabio Da , BALBINOTTO NETO Giácomo , BRANDÃO Ajácio
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT Background Burden of disease is an indicator that relates to health status. United States and European epidemiological data have shown that the burden of chronic liver disease has increased significantly in recent decades. There are no studies evaluating the impact of complications of chronic liver disease on the waiting list for deceased donor liver transplantation (LTx). Objective: To determine the clinical and economic burden of complications of liver disease in wait-listed patients from the perspective of a transplant center. Methods The study retrospectively analyzed medical records of 104 patients wait-listed for deceased donor LTx from October 2012 to May 2016 and whose treatment was fully provided at the study transplant center. Clinical data were obtained from electronic medical records, while economic data were collected from a hospital management software. To allocate all direct medical costs, two methods were used: full absorption costing and micro-costing. Results: The most common complication was refractory ascites (20.2%), followed by portosystemic encephalopathy (12.5%). The mean number of admissions per patient was 1.37±3.42. Variceal hemorrhage was the complication with longest median length of stay (18 days), followed by hepatorenal syndrome (13.5 days). Hepatorenal syndrome was the costliest complication (mean cost of $3,565), followed by portosystemic encephalopathy ($2,576) and variceal hemorrhage ($1,530). Conclusion: The burden of chronic liver disease includes a great cost for health systems. In addition, it is likely to be even greater as a result of the insidious course of the disease.
MENTAL DISORDERS AND LIVER TRANSPLANTATION: A 2-YEAR COHORT STUDY
Authors: MORAIS-DE-JESUS Mychelle , JESUS-NUNES Ana P , CODES Liana , ARGOLO Felipe C , QUARANTINI Lucas C
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT Background Psychosocial assessment is a key component in evaluation for liver transplantation and may affect survival rates and outcomes. Objective The primary aim of this study was to investigate the impact of previous mental disorders and impulsivity on the 2-year surviving rate after liver transplantation. Methods: We performed a prospective cohort study assessing end-stage liver disease individuals with and without psychiatric comorbidities for 2 years post-transplant. Psychiatric diagnosis was carried out through Mini-Plus 5.0.0 and impulsivity by using Barratt Impulsiveness Scale in the pre-transplant phase. We followed patient’s status for 2 years after transplantation. The main outcome was death. We used a logistic regression to evaluate the association of psychiatric comorbidities with death and performed a survival analysis with Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models. Results: Between June 2010 and July 2014, 93 out of 191 transplant candidates received transplants. From the 93 transplant patients, 21 had psychiatric comorbidities and 72 had not. 25 patients died during the study. The presence of psychiatric comorbidities (P=0.353) and high impulsivity (P=0.272) were not associated to 2-year post transplant death. Conclusion: This study found no evidence that the presence of mental disorders and impulsivity worsened prognosis in post-liver transplantation.
BONE HEALTH ASSESSMENT OF ELDERLY PATIENTS UNDERGOING BARIATRIC SURGERY
Authors: CORSI Giovanna Cavanha , PINHEIRO Moisés Carmo dos Anjos , CALDAS Ana Paula Silva , DIAS Maria Carolina Gonçalves , SANTO Marco Aurelio , PAJECKI Denis
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT Background: Bariatric surgery promotes changes in body composition, that can include the loss of bone mineral density (BMD). There is a lack of studies on the evolution of bone health of elderly people who underwent bariatric surgery, in general, and when comparing the gastric bypass (GB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) techniques. Objective: To evaluate the bone health of elderly patients with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. Methods: This is a prospective randomized clinical study, that was carried out with individuals of both sexes, ≥65 years, undergoing GB or SG and who met the inclusion criteria. Age, gender and comorbidities (type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia and osteoarthrosis) were collected and analyzed at baseline. Anthropometric data (weight, body mass index, percentage of weight loss, percentage of excess weight loss), laboratory tests related to bone health and bone mineral density were analyzed before and 24 months after surgery. Results: A total of 36 patients (GB, n=18; SG, n=18) were evaluated. At baseline, except for sex and preoperative body mass index, which was higher in GB, groups were similar. After 24 months, GB was superior for weight loss (%WL) and excess weight loss (%EWL). Regarding bone health, a significant decrease of BMD was observed in the spine, total proximal femur and femoral neck in all groups, with an average decrease of 5.1%, 10.5% and 15.1%, respectively. In addition, the observed decrease in BMD was up to 25% in the total femur after 24 months, six patients went from normal BMD to osteopenia and one from osteopenia to osteoporosis. There was no difference in parathormone values. However, there was an association between the increase in parathormone and the decrease in BMD in the spine, mainly in the GB group. There was no association between %WL and %EWL with the reduction in BMD. Conclusion: Bariatric surgery was related to the reduction of BMD in elderly patients, but there was no statistical difference between the two surgical techniques.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META - ANALYSIS OF THE FREQUENCY AND RE-CLASSIFICATION TRENDS OF PEDIATRIC INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE - UNCLASSIFIED
Authors: BOLIA Rishi , GOEL Akhil Dhanesh
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT Background: The term inflammatory bowel disease-unclassified (IBDU) is used when an individual has chronic colitis but cannot be sub-typed into ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn’s disease (CD) on the basis of the clinical, endoscopic, imaging and histopathological features. On follow-up a proportion of patients with IBDU are re-classified as CD or UC. There has been considerable variability in the frequency and reclassification rates of pediatric IBDU in published literature. Methods: PubMed and Scopus and were searched for publications related to Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease (PIBD) published between Jan,2014 and July,2021. Two reviewers independently searched and selected studies reporting the frequency of IBDU and/or their re-classification. The pooled prevalence was expressed as proportion and 95%CI. Meta-analysis was performed using the inverse variance heterogeneity model. Results: A total of 2750 studies were identified through a systematic search of which 27 studies were included in this systematic review. The overall pooled frequency of IBDU (n=16064) was found to be 7.1% (95%CI 5.8-8.5%). There was no variation in IBDU frequency by geographical location. Seven studies (n=5880) were included in the IBDU re-classification analysis. Overall, 50% (95%CI 41-60%) children with IBDU were re-classified on follow-up. Amongst these 32.7% (95% 21-44%) were re-classified to UC and 17% (95%CI 12-22%) were re-classified to CD. Conclusion: IBDU comprises 7.1% of PIBD at initial diagnosis. Half of these children are re-classified into UC or CD on follow-up with a higher likelihood of re-classification to UC as compared to CD.
Concepções sobre deficiência em instituições públicas e privadas da Educação Superior
Authors: Leite Lúcia Pereira , Cabral Leonardo Santos Amâncio , Lacerda Cristina Broglia Feitosa de
Published: November 2022

Resumo Esse artigo objetiva investigar e analisar concepções sobre deficiência expostas por 1.763 universitários. Foi aplicada a Escala Intercultural de Concepções de Deficiência (EICD) em estudantes de três Instituições da Educação Superior (IES), do estado de São Paulo, sendo duas públicas – federal e estadual – e uma, privada. Os achados foram expostos ao trato estatístico, permitindo comparar os dados obtidos entre os estudantes nesses diferentes contextos e analisar as relações entre escolha de posicionamentos, em função de algumas variáveis, como área de atuação e/ou de formação acadêmica e de faixa etária. Os resultados favorecem a sistematização de informações para a compreensão de comportamentos e culturas sociais, políticas e educacionais, que podem indicar caminhos para a superação de atitudes discriminatórias com base na deficiência, além de situar a universidade como um local em que a deficiência possa ser debatida, criticamente, com futuros profissionais.
Educational and Employment Achievements of American Indian/Alaska Native Alumni of Foster Care
Authors: O'Brien Kirk , Pecora Peter J. , Echohawk Lucile A. , Evans-Campbell Tessa , Palmanteer-Holder Nancy , White Catherine Roller
Published: November 2022

Little is known about the outcomes of American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) alumni of foster care. As part of the Casey National Alumni Study, case record reviews documenting youth experiences before and during care were conducted for all youth served by Casey Family Programs between 1966 and 1998. Interviews assessing education, employment, and financial outcomes were conducted for 1,068 alumni, of whom 243 (23%) identified themselves as AI/AN. Few differences were observed between AI/AN and White alumni in demographics, risk factors, and foster care experiences. White alumni, however, had more positive outcomes on most education and employment outcomes. Focused research is needed to develop culturally appropriate practices and better understand the needs and outcomes of AI/AN youth in care and alumni of care.
Latino Voices: Service Delivery Challenges in Child Protective Services
Authors: Thomas Cecilia L. , Medina Catherine K. , Cohen Harriet L.
Published: November 2022

The status of the child welfare system suggests that changes are increasingly urgent in prioritizing the well-being for Latino children because of their disproportionate representation and limited access to service delivery. This qualitative study, using focus groups, explores this social justice issue by engaging Latino caseworkers’ voices regarding the ability of the delivery system to adequately serve this growing population of children and families. Examining these issues within a social justice perspective provides a powerful glimpse of the structural inequities for Latino families. Findings call for cultural competence that reduces the inequities and mandates knowledge and cultural awareness in accessing and coordinating services to Latino children and families.
Exploring Mushroom Polysaccharides for the Development of Novel Prebiotics: A Review
Authors: Fernandes Abigail , Nair Akhil , Kulkarni Nikhil , Todewale Nishad , Jobby Renitta
Published: November 2022

Prebiotics have gained much attention in recent years as functional food ingredients. This has encouraged researchers to look for sustainable alternative sources of prebiotics. Prebiotics help in the modulation of the human intestinal microbiota and thereby improve host health. Chicory, asparagus, and Jerusalem artichoke are some conventional prebiotics that have been extensively studied. Mushrooms are rich sources of medicinal foods as well as bioactive polysaccharides and essential amino acids. They contain large amounts of chitin, mannans, galactans, xylans, glucans, krestin, lentinan, and hemicellulose, thus making it a potential candidate for prebiotics. They are also rich sources of fibers, proteins, and antioxidants. Several mushroom species like Ganoderma lucidum, Pleurotus ostreatus, Hericium erinaceus, Agaricus bisporus, and Lentinula edodes are rich in medicinal properties that have an array of applications. These medicinal mushrooms can be repurposed to regulate gut microbiota. In this review, we discuss the prebiotic effects of different mushroom species on probiotic organisms. We also reviewed the potential of mushroom waste as novel, cheap, and alternative sources of prebiotics.
Effects of debris flow rheology on overflow and impact dynamics against dual-rigid barriers
Authors: Ng Charles Wang Wai , Bhatta Aastha , Choi Clarence Edward , Poudyal Sunil , Liu Haiming , Cheung Raymond Wai Man , Kwan Julian Shun Hang
Published: November 2022

It is well recognised that the rheology of an interstitial fluid has profound effects on debris flow dynamics. Existing design guidelines for multiple resisting barriers, however, do not consider the rheological behaviour of debris flows explicitly while estimating barrier spacing. A modified overflow equation is proposed, considering an improved overflow trajectory and a new yield stress-based velocity attenuation model, to estimate the overflow distance in two-phase flows. This study experimentally investigates the effects of yield stress of an interstitial fluid on the impact behaviour of two-phase flows with similar Froude numbers against dual-rigid barriers. The flow composition is varied to model a wide range of natural flows based on dimensionless yield stress. The results reveal that the hydrodynamic impact coefficient increases with increasing dimensionless yield stress and exceeds the existing international design guidelines by more than 13%. The existing guidelines underestimate the overflow distance by up to 115%. The modified formulation is verified and conservatively predicts overflow distance for water floods to debris flows. It is recommended that the dimensionless yield stress of interstitial fluid together with Froude number should be used to characterise the impact and overflow dynamics of two-phase flow for a conservative design of dual barriers.
Food safety – From pioneering steps to the modern scientific discipline
Authors: Maestro Daniel , Šegalo Sabina , Pašalić Arzija , Maestro Nerma , Čaušević Amir
Published: November 2022

Food safety is a story that unites all civilizations, cultures, and nations, and it is interlaced with various methods for making food safer. Concern for nutritious and safe food is as ancient as humankind itself, and many of the food safety issues that persist today are not new. Diverse records from the ancient world, as well as the religious writings of the three monotheist religions, actually refer to food, its intake, and prohibitions, as well as pathological diseases that may follow from inappropriate intake. Over time, food safety has evolved into a scientific discipline concerned with the handling, preparation, transport, and distribution of food to avoid the transmission of illnesses. The current state of food safety knowledge is the result of past discoveries, innovations, and laws. In modern times, the right to consume safe food is a fundamental human right. It contributes to and promotes sustainable development while supporting the economy, trade, and tourism. Nevertheless, despite significant improvements, we still know relatively little about food-borne illnesses and how infections affect humans.
Edible Bird’s Nest, a Valuable Glycoprotein Source: Current Research Prospects and Challenges in Malaysia
Authors: Unal Kevser Irfan , Chang Lee Sin , Wan Mustapha Wan Aida , Mohd Razali Noorul Syuhada , Babji Abdul Salam , Lim Seng Joe
Published: November 2022

Edible bird's nest (EBN) is a salivary secretion of swiftlets which consist of protein and carbohydrate rich glycoproteins. This natural ingredient is very valuable, nutritional and medically valuable. The EBN industry have grown rapidly and benefited the Malaysian economy, hence, it is viewed seriously and it is actively supported by the government. This review discusses the progress and development of EBN industry as well as the R&D activities and endeavours especially that which involves deriving peptides with biological activities from EBN and its by-product sources. Many studies have documented the therapeutic properties of EBN such as antiaging, antiviral, antioxidant, and antihypertensive. Studies have also been conducted to produce glycoprotein hydrolysates from EBN through enzymatic hydrolysis, and findings showed that these bioactive peptides increase solubility as well as antioxidant and antihypertensive activities. Enzymatic hydrolysis breaks long protein chains at specific sites and releases amino acids and small peptides with lower molecular weights. The EBN hydrolysates produced can improve bioactivity and overcome insolubility and low absorption of EBN prepared and consumed through traditional means. Further studies need to be carried out to optimise EBN glycoprotein hydrolysates production as well as maximising their bioavailability and efficacy in the human gastrointestinal system. In addition, EBN by-products produced during EBN cleaning process should be fully utilised to recover the high-value glycoproteins, while reducing pollution and wastage. By enhancing R&D activities of EBN, bioactive glycopeptides produced from EBN may become an important functional food ingredient for various uses and innovative value-added products in the future.
Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles from Mimusops elengi Linn. Extract: Green Synthesis, Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity
Authors: Rakhman Selly Arvinda , Utaipan Tanyarath , Pakhathirathien Charoen , Khummueng Weeraya
Published: November 2022

In this study, both silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are green synthesized using a water extract of the Mimusops elengi Linn. leaf. The methods are simple, inexpensive, nontoxic, and eco-friendly. The AgNPs and ZnONPs are formed using phytochemical substances in M. elengi leaf extract at room temperature. The phenolics and flavonoids in the leaf extract is the key compounds that act as the metal-reducing agents. The effective parameters of the green synthesis (the metal concentration, leaf extract concentration, pH, temperature, and reaction time) are evaluated. The formation of the metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are confirmed through colour change visuals, ultraviolet–visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The morphological and crystalline characterizations of the NPs are established using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The TEM results indicated that the AgNPs are predominantly spherical in shape with an average particle size of 22.12 nm. The ZnONPs have mostly rod-like morphology with an average size of 28.44 nm. The antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of the synthesized NPs against colon cancer cells (Caco-2 cells) are evaluated; the obtained NPs exhibited good free radical scavenging activity through DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. The cytotoxicity results demonstrated that only the 2,000-ppm extract had any potential against the Caco-2 cells; both the AgNPs and ZnONPs had no effect on Caco-2 cells. However, regarding human health, metal NPs are safe to use and are useful in the other applications.
A Simple Potentiometric Biosensor based on Carboxylesterase for the Analysis of Aspartame
Authors: Ramli Noor Izaanin , Lee Yook Heng , Tan Ling Ling
Published: November 2022

A potentiometric aspartame biosensor was fabricated by simply depositing the carboxylesterase (CES)-bonded poly(n-butyl acrylate-n-acryloxysuccimide) [CES-poly(nBA-NAS)] microspheres on a Ag/AgCl screen-printed pH selective electrode. The pH transducer was made from non-plasticized polyacrylate membrane containing a hydrogen ionophore and lipophilic salt. The immobilized CES enzyme catalyzed the enzymatic hydrolysis of aspartame to L-aspartic acid (L-Asp), L-phenylalanine and methanol. Potentiometric determination of aspartame concentration was performed by quantifying the hydrogen ion concentration produced from L-Asp. The potentiometric determination of aspartame exhibited good selectivity with near Nernstian response. The sensitivity of the biosensor was closed to the Nernstian value, i.e., 50-52 mV decade-1 with a dynamic linear response range from 10-5 to 10-2 M and detection limit approaching 10-6 M. The aspartame biosensor demonstrated good repeatability and reproducibility with relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.9% and 1.6%, respectively (n=3). The potentiometric aspartame biosensor was demonstrated to be reliable for determining aspartame content in sweetener samples and was comparable to the conventional high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for aspartame analysis.
Detection Vapour of Nitrate Fertiliser Based Explosives on Transportation of Nitrates during Shipping using Diphenylamine-Calorimeter Optic Device
Authors: Hamzah Noor Hazfalinda , Abdul Rahman Mohd Faizal , Gabriel Gina Francesca , Osman Khairul
Published: November 2022

This study examines the ability of a Diphenylamine-Calorimeter Optical Device (DCOD) to detect the presence of nitrate in shipping containers. Fifteen selected inorganic fertilisers that potentially can be turned into an Improvised Explosive Device (IED) were analysed using UPLC-PDA. Results showed that only ammonium nitrate is suitable for turning into an IED and causing an explosion. A container model placed onboard a Malaysian Maritime vessel was used to determine the temperature and humidity experienced by nitrate during the voyage and at port. During the sea voyage (wet conditions), temperature and humidity were between 25-40.5 °C and 51.5-93.0%, respectively. In ports (dry conditions), the temperature ranged from 26.5-38.5 °C and 46-91% humidity. Using conventional tests in wet conditions, nitrous oxide was detectable with low reproducibility between 48-50 °C and vapour exposure duration of 850.0 to 895.0 s. While in dry conditions, nitrate oxide was detected regularly between 722.0 and 731.0 s and temperature between 44-50 °C. The sensitivity of the conventional and DCOD methods were evaluated and found to be similar. Field tests on DCOD were then conducted on nitrate stored in a container for 30 min, 1 h, 3 h and 2 days. Reading for positive results obtained were 67, 67, 11 and 0%, correspondingly. We conclude that DCOD can detect nitrate vapour in containers, but further modifications are required to increase its sensitivity.
Potensi Sungkup Plastik Daripada Filem Selulosa Terjana Semula: Suatu Ulasan
Authors: Ahmad Ghazali Nursyamimi , Mohd Salleh Kushairi , Jafri Nur Fathihah , Zakaria Sarani
Published: November 2022

Sungkup ialah bahan yang dihamparkan pada permukaan tanah, digunakan secara khusus untuk pertanian. Penggunaan sungkup plastik (SP) dalam bidang pertanian masih berterusan di seluruh dunia sejak berpuluh tahun yang lalu. Ia merupakan teknologi penting dalam pertanian yang meningkatkan hasil dan kualiti tanaman dengan penggunaan input air yang rendah. Bahan SP telah dikelaskan kepada dua kumpulan iaitu sungkup berasaskan petroleum dan sungkup berasaskan bahan semula jadi daripada sisa pertanian. Tanah tanpa sungkup mendorong kepada beberapa masalah seperti tanggalan zarah, adangan permukaan, kerakan dan padatan. Namun, penggunaan SP yang berlebihan dalam pertanian moden telah mengancam kelestarian keseluruhan ekosistem yang disebabkan oleh pengekalan sisa plastik pada persekitaran daratan dan akuatik. Oleh yang demikian, rantaian tanaman termasuklah tumbuhan, tanah dan air serta manusia juga terdedah kepada ancaman ini. Permasalahan ini telah mendorong kepada penghasilan sungkup plastik terbiodegradasi (SPB) seperti filem selulosa terjana semula (FSTS). Maka, ulasan kajian terhadap potensi SPB khususnya FSTS yang merangkumi fizikal, mekanikal, kimia dan sifat biodegradasi menjadi fokus utama dalam penulisan makalah ini.
Perbandingan Penghasilan Siderofor daripada Bacillus aryabhattai, Bacillus megaterium dan Bacillus cereus
Authors: Lee Shin Yin , Yong Shih Nee , Kuan Seng How , Chieng Sylvia
Published: November 2022

Besi merupakan unsur yang penting bagi proses metabolisme organisma seperti kitar asid trikarboksilik, pengangkutan elektron dan fosforilasi oksidatif. Walau bagaimanapun, sumber besi di persekitaran luar sentiasa berada dalam bentuk kompleks yang tidak tersedia untuk pengambilan terus. Bagi mengatasi pengehadan besi, mikroorganisma berupaya untuk menghasilkan siderofor, sejenis pengkelat Fe(III) yang berafinan tinggi. Salah satu genus bakteria yang dapat menghasilkan siderofor adalah Bacillus. Dalam kajian ini, penghasilan dan keupayaan pengkompleksan siderofor Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium dan Bacillus aryabhattai ditentukan melalui asai piring agar dan cecair krom azurol S (CAS). Kesan sumber karbon (glukosa, maltosa dan gliserol) ke atas penghasilan siderofor oleh Bacillus turut dikaji. Hasil kajian telah menunjukkan bahawa B. cereus yang dikulturkan dalam kaldu LB berupaya untuk menghasilkan siderofor yang tertinggi berbanding B. aryabhattai dan B. megaterium. Siderofor yang dihasilkan oleh ketiga-tiga spesies berupaya untuk berkompleks dengan Mn(II), Zn(II) dan Cu(II). Hasil kajian turut menunjukkan pengkulturan dengan maltosa telah memberikan penghasilan siderofor yang paling tinggi bagi B. aryabhattai dan B. megaterium.
CRITERIA OF A BENCHMARKING STUDY OF COMPARABLE COMPANIES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION IN THE NET PROFIT TRANSFER PRICING METHOD
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Varnalii Z. , Matsur S. ,   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv
Published: November 2022

The article analyzes the statutory requirements for the criteria to select comparable companies in the framework of building the range of profitability of independent companies, which corresponds to the principle of “arm’s length”. Among the five transfer pricing methods used to analyze the compliance of controlled transactions with the principle of “arm’s length”, the net profit method is the most popular (except for credit transactions and transactions involving intangible assets, which are not discussed in this article). This is a logical result of a gradual overriding of methods depending on the availability of the necessary sources of comparable information because only the net profit method allows the application of external information on the profitability of comparable enterprises, which can be obtained from public sources – usually professional commercial databases. The main challenge in using such databases, however, is to determine the optimal approach to selecting comparable companies, and mainly to build a robust company selection strategy that simultaneously finds a network of as many comparable companies as possible and meets the requirements of the tax law. Possible databases that can be used for benchmarking research are identified, and a roadmap for the step-by-step application of the criteria for selecting comparable companies is proposed. The practical example of the application of the proposed selection criteria and recommendations on solving typical problems during the analysis, improvement of the selected quality based on the requirements of the Tax Code of Ukraine and public sources of information are given. The results of this article may be of practical value for enterprises engaged in controlled transactions and being the objects of transfer pricing in Ukraine.
DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL DIGITAL ECOSYSTEMS AS A FACTOR IN THE POST-WAR RECOVERY OF UKRAINE’S ECONOMY
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Grazhevska N. , Chyhyrynskyi A. ,   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv
Published: November 2022

The essence and features of digital ecosystems are studied, and their role in the national economy is revealed. A digital ecosystem is a group of interconnected information technology resources that can function as a whole. The digital ecosystem is a self-organizing digital infrastructure that aims to create a digital environment for networking organizations that supports collaboration, knowledge sharing, development of open and adaptive technologies, and evolutionary business models. The opportunities provided by the use of digital systems for business are analyzed. In particular, the following advantages of digital ecosystems for business are highlighted: dynamism, ability to adapt to global problems and challenges; stimulating demand by offering a set of interconnected products; rapid production of new income streams; lower costs of attracting customers; the ability to track the digital transformation of the enterprise quickly. The main problems of digital ecosystem development in Ukraine at the present stage are considered, in particular, the following: lack of financial resources, low investment activity of economic entities; Insufficient awareness of business entities about the concept and technology of Industry 4.0; weak digital skills of the population; underdeveloped digital infrastructure; obsolescence of equipment in government agencies; lack of standardization of both digital systems and the Internet of Things, which would enable information security at the individual and state levels; low level of cybersecurity and trust of Internet users in the digital economy, low level of development of network economy. Perspective directions of the use of digital ecosystems in the period of post-war recovery of the economy of Ukraine are substantiated. The digitalization of the Ukrainian economy must be carried out in the following areas of development: development of digital knowledge and the market of information and communication technologies; development of digital business environment; development of business access to finance; development of digital skills of the workforce; creating a supportive business culture.
APPLYING INTERNATIONAL EXPERTISE IN FORMING DEPRECIATION POLICY FORMATION IN UKRAINE
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Rak R. , Mokhnach T. ,   Audit firm “PricewaterhouseCoopers (Audit)” LLC, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: November 2022

Depreciation policy is one of the main components of the state economic policy. The specifics of its implementation depend on the general state of the country’s economy development and the main tasks set for the nation or an individual enterprise. Depreciation policy is closely related to the tax system of the state, the procedure for accounting for non-current assets, and pricing. In contrast, depreciation deductions are an essential source of self-financing for enterprises. Therefore, the depreciation policy is subject to special attention from the state and each enterprise. However, in Ukraine, unlike most developed countries, the main directions of the depreciation policy of enterprises are not adequate. The article considers the development and operating patterns of depreciation policy of Ukrainian enterprises. Depreciation methods according to international and national standards have been studied. The ascertained components of the depreciation policy included the calculation of depreciation rates and amounts; distribution of accrued depreciation on separate analytical expense accounts; determination of the liquidation value of the object of fixed assets and other non-current assets, selection of the period of useful use of the object of fixed assets and other non-current assets, and others. The article studies the specifics of the depreciation policy of enterprises in Eastern Europe and G7 countries and, by comparing the depreciation policy of domestic enterprises and those in the countries under consideration, highlights appropriate ways to improve the depreciation policy for Ukrainian companies. The conclusion outlines proposals to improve the efficacy of domestic depreciation policy through applying international expertise and measures the potential impact of the proposed changes on the depreciation policy and economic efficiency of domestic enterprises.
CONSUMER BEHAVIOR IN THE NEW MEDIA LANDSCAPE
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Seleznova V.
Published: November 2022

The article is devoted to analyzing a transformation of the end consumers’ behavior in the changing media environment. Informational, behavioral, and generational approaches to the transformation of consumption content are substantiated. The essential characteristics of the modern media paradigm are considered. The main challenges for traditional media are outlined. Qualitative and quantitative shifts in consumption of various types of media in certain countries are analyzed, and structural changes in media consumption are illustrated using the example of American society. The main causes of disparities in the degree of penetration of new media types are identified. Special attention was paid to the generation factor as the main prerequisite for the transformation of media consumption, as well as the acquisition of new consumer experiences and behavioral patterns. Other elements of the research program of consumption theory are proposed, reflecting the complications and expansion of consumer behavior taking into account the new media paradigm. Changes in roles, functions, structure, and forms of consumption implementation were studied. Distinctive characteristics of the Zoomers generation as a consumer segment are considered and the trends of its behavior in the digital space are reflected. The study exposes the activation and complication of the modern consumer, which is manifested in the diversification of needs and individualization of the information and communication space. It was established that the products are saturated with an informational component, which implies the inclusion of ideological, aesthetic, and other dimensions. The modification of the mechanism of consumer choice is explained by the growing influence of digital communications at each iteration of the purchase process. The algorithm of the consumer decision-making process is outlined, and the factors affecting this process are identified. It is noted that with the development of information and communication technologies and the expansion of the choice of media, the information saturation of the markets is increasing, which emphasizes the importance of partnership relations between the producer and the consumer. The article concludes with an outline of several megatrends and an assessment of their impact on consumer behavior.
Evidence of Active Quaternary Deformation on the Great Valley Fault System near Winters, Northern California
Authors: Trexler Charles C. , Morelan Alexander E. , Catchings Rufus , Goldman Mark , Willard Jack
Published: November 2022

The Great Valley fault system defines the tectonic boundary between the Coast Ranges and the Central Valley in California, is active throughout the Quaternary, and has been the source of several significant (M > 6) historic earthquakes, including the 1983 M 6.5 Coalinga earthquake and the 1892 Vacaville–Winters earthquake sequence. However, the locations and geometries of individual faults in the Great Valley fault system are poorly constrained, and fault slip rates and paleoearthquake chronology are largely unknown. Here, we report geomorphic and subsurface geophysical evidence of surface-deforming displacement on a strand of the Great Valley fault system west of Winters, California. Detailed geomorphic mapping and a high-resolution seismic reflection and tomography survey along an ∼800 m profile across the Bigelow Hills document a fault, which we call the West Winters strand of the Great Valley fault system, with apparent east side-up displacement of surficial geologic units. These data together suggest that the West Winters strand is active in the latest Quaternary. Together with local reports from the time, this raises the possibility that the West Winters strand may have ruptured and deformed the surface during the 1892 M 6 Vacaville–Winters earthquake sequence. Future earthquakes with vertical displacement on this and Great Valley fault system structures could have significant hazard implications, given the region’s low relief and the presence of major water conveyance infrastructure.
Zonulin — regulation of tight contacts in the brain and intestine — facts and hypotheses
Authors: Naryzhny S.N. , Legina O.K.
Published: November 2022

In recent years, the interrelationship between the brain and the gut has become an area of high scientific interest. The intestine is responsible not only for digestion, as it contains millions of neurons, its own immune system, and affects the emotional and cognitive processes. The relationship between the gut and the brain suggests that the processes carried out by the gut microbiota play a significant role in the regulation of brain function, and vice versa. A special role here is played by intercellular tight junctions (TJ), where the zonulin protein holds an important place. Zonulin, an unprocessed precursor of mature haptoglobin, is the only physiological modulator of intercellular TJ that can reversibly regulate the permeability of the intestinal (IB) and blood-brain (BBB) barriers in the human body. BBB disruption and altered microbiota composition are associated with many diseases, including neurological disorders and neuroinflammation. That is, there is a gut-brain axis (GBA) — a communication system through which the brain modulates the functions of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and vice versa. GBA is based on neuronal, endocrine, and immunological mechanisms that are interconnected at the organismal, organ, cellular, and molecular levels.
Metabolome profiling in the study of aging processes
Authors: Balashova E.E. , Trifonova O.P. , Maslov D.L. , Lichtenberg S.R. , Lokhov P.G. , Archakov A.I.
Published: November 2022

Aging of a living organism is closely related to systemic metabolic changes. But due to the multilevel and network nature of metabolic pathways, it is difficult to understand these connections. Today, this problem is solved using one of the main approaches of metabolomics — untargeted metabolome profiling. The purpose of this publication is to systematize the results of metabolomic studies based on such profiling, both in animal models and in humans.
Interactomics of CXXC proteins involved in epigenetic regulation of gene expression
Authors: Ershov P.V. , Yablokov E.O. , Mezentsev Y.V. , Ivanov A.S.
Published: November 2022

Regulation of gene expression is an extremely complex and multicomponent biological phenomenon. Proteins containing the CXXC-domain “zinc fingers” (CXXC-proteins) are master regulators of expression of many genes and have conserved functions of methylation of DNA bases and histone proteins. CXXC proteins function as a part of multiprotein complexes, which indicates the fundamental importance of studying post-translational regulation through modulation of the protein-protein interaction spectrum (PPI) in both normal and pathological conditions. In this paper we discuss general aspects of the involvement of CXXC proteins and their protein partners in neoplastic processes, both from the literature data and our own studies. Special attention is paid to recent data on the particular interactomics of the CFP1 protein encoded by the CXXC1 gene located on the human chromosome 18. CFP1 is devoid of enzymatic activity and implements epigenetic regulation of expression through binding to chromatin and a certain spectrum of PPIs.
Behavioral and neuroreceptor effects of the racetam derivative GIZh-290 in mouse experimental attention deficit model
Authors: Kovalev G.I. , Sukhorukova N.A. , Vasileva E.V. , Kondrakhin E.A. , Salimov R.M. , Narkevich V.B. , Kudrin V.S.
Published: November 2022

Behavioral and neurochemical effects of the new racetam derivative GIZh-290 were studied in a mouse attention deficit model (the ED-Low animals subpopulation selected during preliminary behavioral typing in the “closed enriched cross maze” test). Subchronic administration of GIZh-290 (1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, for 6 days), increased the initially low level of attention in ED-Low animals; the highest selectivity was observed at a dose of 3 mg/kg. Radioligand analysis showed that at this dose, the drug changed density (Bmax) of D2 and GABAB receptors as markers in the pre-frontal cortex of the ED-Low subpopulation to Bmax values observed in the ED-High subpopulation. In the prefrontal cortex of the ED-Low rodents treated with GIZh-290 in dose of 3 mg/kg, there was a normalization of tissue concentrations of both dopamine itself (DA) and its intra- and extracellular metabolites (DOPA/DA and HVA/DA). The obtained results indicate the effectiveness of the studied drug for pharmacotherapy of attention deficit in experimental modeling and impact on potential molecular targets identified in the study.
Lipidomic markers of breast cancer malignant tumor histological types
Authors: Tokareva A.O. , Chagovets V.V. , Starodubtseva N.L. , Rodionov V.V. , Kometova V.V. , Chingin K.S. , Frankevich V.E.
Published: November 2022

The molecular profile of a tumor is associated with its histological type and can be used both to study the mechanisms of tumor progression and to diagnose it. In this work, changes in the lipid profile of a malignant breast tumor and the adjacent tissue were studied. The potential possibility of determining the histological type of the tumor by its lipid profile was evaluated. Lipid profiling was performed by reverse-phase chromato-mass-spectrometric analysis the tissue of lipid extract with identification of lipids by characteristic fragments. Potential lipid markers of the histological type of tumor were determined using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Impact of lipid markers was calculated by MetaboAnalyst. Classification models were built by support vector machines with linear kernel and 1-vs-1 architecture. Models were validated by leave-one out cross-validation. Accuracy of models based on microenvironment tissue, were 99% and 75%, accuracy of models, based on tumor tissue, were 90% and 40% for the positive ion mode and negative ion mode respectively. The lipid profile of marginal (adjacent) tissue can be used for identification histological types of breast cancer. Glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway changes were statistically significant in the adjacent tissue and tumor tissue.