bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le convoi de la mer breton (1372-1559) : une stratégie de mutualisation des risques ?
Authors: Gallicé Alain , Moal Laurence
Published: January 2014

L’originalité du convoi breton, institué en 1372, répond à la fois à un problème d’insécurité publique et à des préoccupations économiques et fiscales. La souplesse de l’organisation lui permet de s’adapter rapidement aux réalités commerciales et politiques. À l’origine, il s’agit d’une stratégie de lutte contre le risque de piraterie, voulue par les marchands eux-mêmes, mais le convoi devient de plus en plus contraignant avec une fiscalisation accrue, inhérente à la politique d’affirmation princière menée par la dynastie Montfort dans le duché. S’il survit à la réunion de la Bretagne à la France, le système suscite de plus en plus d’oppositions qui conduisent à sa suppression en 1559.
Narcolepsy Associated with Duane's Syndrome
Authors: Butterworth James W. , Shneerson John M.
Published: January 2014

The best characterised disorder of REM sleep, narcolepsy has never previously been associated with Duane's syndrome, in which there is developmental failure of the abducens nerve and its nucleus. The major brain stem nuclei responsible for REM sleep generation are situated in the pons in close proximity to the abducens nerve nucleus. We report the novel combination of Duane's syndrome and narcolepsy, providing new insight into the pathogenesis of narcolepsy.
Prevalence of Cannabis Residues in Psychiatric Patients: A Case Study of Two Mental Health Referral Hospitals in Uganda
Authors: Awuzu Epaenetus A. , Kaye Emmanuel , Vudriko Patrick
Published: January 2014

Various studies have reported that abuse of cannabis is a risk factor for psychosis. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of delta 9-tetrahydrocanabinol (Δ 9 -THC), a major metabolite of cannabis, in psychiatric patients in Uganda, and to assess the diagnostic capacity of two referral mental health hospitals to screen patients for exposure to cannabis in Uganda. Socio-demographic characteristics of the patients were collected through questionnaires and review of medical records. Urine samples were collected from 100 patients and analyzed using Δ 9 -THC immunochromatographic kit (Standard Diagnostics®, South Korea). Seventeen percent of the patients tested positive for Δ 9 -THC residues in their urine. There was strong association ( p < 0.05) between history of previous abuse of cannabis and presence of Δ 9 -THC residues in the urine. Alcohol, cocaine, heroin, pethidine, tobacco, khat and kuber were the other substances abused in various combinations. Both referral hospitals lacked laboratory diagnostic kits for detection of cannabis in psychiatric patients. In conclusion, previous abuse of cannabis is associated with occurrence of the residues in psychiatric patients, yet referral mental health facilities in Uganda do not have the appropriate diagnostic kits for detection of cannabis residues as a basis for evidence-based psychotherapy.
Analysis Of Electronic Medication Orders With Large Overdoses
Authors: Kouril M. , Minich T. , Spooner SA. , Kirkendall E.S.
Published: January 2014

Background: Users of electronic health record (EHR) systems frequently prescribe doses outside recommended dose ranges, and tend to ignore the alerts that result. Since some of these dosing errors are the result of system design flaws, analysis of large overdoses can lead to the discovery of needed system changes.

Objectives: To develop database techniques for detecting and extracting large overdose orders from our EHR. To identify and characterize users’ responses to these large overdoses. To identify possible causes of large-overdose errors and to mitigate them.

Methods: We constructed a data mart of medication-order and dosing-alert data from a quaternary pediatric hospital from June 2011 to May 2013. The data mart was used along with a test version of the EHR to explain how orders were processed and alerts were generated for large (>500%) and extreme (>10,000%) overdoses. User response was characterized by the dosing alert salience rate, which expresses the proportion of time users take corrective action.

Results: We constructed an advanced analytic framework based on workflow analysis and order simulation, and evaluated all 5,402,504 medication orders placed within the 2 year timeframe as well as 2,232,492 dose alerts associated with some of the orders. 8% of orders generated a visible alert, with ¼ of these related to overdosing. Alerts presented to trainees had higher salience rates than those presented to senior colleagues. Salience rates were low, varying between 4–10%, and were lower with larger overdoses. Extreme overdoses fell into eight causal categories, each with a system design mitigation.

Conclusions: Novel analytic systems are required to accurately understand prescriber behavior and interactions with medication-dosing CDS. We described a novel analytic system that can detect apparent large overdoses ( of these large overdoses can be mitigated by system changes. EHR design should prospectively mitigate these errors.

Citation: Kirkendall ES, Kouril M, Minich T, Spooner SA. Analysis of electronic medication orders with large overdoses: Opportunities for mitigating dosing errors. Appl Clin Inf 2014; 5: 25–45 http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2013-08-RA-0057
Evaluation of Nonsurgical Treatment Effects on Salivary Melatonin Level in Periodontal Disease: A Radioimmunoassay Study
Authors: Hagh Leila Golpasand , Youseimanesh Hojatollah , Mohammadi Fatemmeh , Ahangarpour Akram
Published: January 2014

Introduction

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory infection in which tissue destruction is associated with an imbalance between oxidant-antioxidant systems. Melatonin is an antioxidant biomarker that has an antioxidant action. Nonsurgical treatment is one periodontal treatment method that affects etiologic factors. This study investigated salivary melatonin concentration and its changes following nonsurgical treatment in periodontal disease.

Materials and methods

This study is a case control one where the study groups included 45 patients with periodontal disease and 15 healthy subjects selected as controls. Unstimulated saliva was collected before and after scaling and root planing. Sample was evaluated by radioimmunoassay (RIA) method. In order to analyze the data t-test, ANOVA was used. The p < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

Melatonin was detected in study group before nonsurgical treatment. Salivary melatonin levels in the severe periodontitis group were significantly lower than the other groups (p < 0.05). The melatonin changes were statistically significant between the groups of patients after intervention. The significant correlation between salivary melatonin with the clinical parameter was observed (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Nonsurgical treatments improve clinical parameters. Salivary melatonin level has correlation with changes in clinical parameters. The melatonin production after nonsurgical treatment had correlation with severity of disease.

How to cite this article

Hagh LG, Yousefimanesh H, Mohammadi F, Ahangarpour A. Evaluation of Nonsurgical Treatment Effects on Salivary Melatonin Level in Periodontal Disease: A Radioimmunoassay Study. World J Dent 2013;4(4):217-223.
External Root Resorption of Young Premolar Teeth in Dentition with Crowding
Authors: Arambawatta Kapila , Peiris Roshan , Ihalagedara Dhammika , Abeysundara Anushka , Nanayakkara Deepthi
Published: January 2014

The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of external cervical resorption (ECR) in different tooth surfaces of maxillary first premolars in a Sri Lankan population.

A sample of 59 (15 males, 44 females) permanent maxillary first premolars (age range: 11-18 years) were used. The teeth had been extracted for orthodontic reasons and were stored in 10% formalin. Morphologically, sound teeth were selected for the study. The teeth were stained with carbol fuchsin. The cervical regions of the stained teeth were observed under 10× magnifications using a dissecting microscope (Olympus SZ) to identify any resorption areas. The resorption areas present on buccal, lingual, mesial and distal aspects of all teeth were recorded.

Fifteen (25.4%) [4 males (26.7%), 11 females (25.0%)] permanent maxillary first premolars showed areas of resorption on buccal, lingual, mesial or distal surfaces. Mesial (33.3%) and distal (33.3%) surfaces exhibited areas of resorption more frequently than buccal (20.0%) and lingual (13.3%) aspects. The difference was not statistically significant.

It can be speculated that the ECR of root surfaces of these young premolar teeth could have been triggered by the excess pressure exerted on their proximal surfaces by the crowding of teeth.

How to cite this article

Arambawatta K, Peiris R, Ihalagedara D, Abeysundara A, Nanayakkara D. External Root Resorption of Young Premolar Teeth in Dentition with Crowding. World J Dent 2013;4(4):224-227.
A Quiescent Colossal Radicular Cyst: A Diverse Histological Presentation
Authors: Reshma V , Bavle Radhika M , Varsha BK , Kavya BM
Published: January 2014

Radicular cysts are the most frequent inflammatory cysts comprising of about 52 to 68% of all the jaw cysts. It arises from the epithelial residues in the periodontal ligament space following pulpal necrosis. The distinguished lining of the cystic lumen is hyperplastic stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelium showing arcading pattern with dense infammatory cell infiltrate, cholesterol clefts, Russell bodies and Ruston bodies in the connective tissue capsule. Here, we present an unusual large radicular cyst lined almost entirely by quiescent atrophic epithelium, which is innocuous, persistent, has enlarged overtime, with minimal infammatory cells in the connective tissue capsule.

How to cite this article

Reshma V, Bavle RM, Varsha BK, Kavya BM. A Quiescent Colossal Radicular Cyst: A Diver Histological Presentation. World J Dent 2013;4(4):286-290.
Using biogeochemical data assimilation to assess the relative skill of multiple ecosystem models: effects of increasing the complexity of the planktonic food web
Authors: Xiao Y. , Friedrichs M. A. M.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. Now that regional circulation patterns can be reasonably well reproduced by ocean circulation models, significant effort is being directed toward incorporating complex food webs into these models, many of which now routinely include multiple phytoplankton (P) and zooplankton (Z) compartments. This study quantitatively assesses how the number of phytoplankton and zooplankton compartments affects the ability of a lower trophic level ecosystem model to reproduce and predict observed patterns in surface chlorophyll and particulate organic carbon. Five ecosystem model variants are implemented in a one-dimensional assimilative (variational adjoint) model testbed in the Mid-Atlantic Bight. The five models are identical except for variations in the level of complexity included in the lower trophic levels, which range from a simple 1P1Z food web to a considerably more complex 3P2Z food web. The five models assimilated satellite-derived chlorophyll and particulate organic carbon concentrations at four continental shelf sites, and the resulting optimal parameters were tested at five independent sites in a cross-validation experiment. Although all five models showed improvements in model-data misfits after assimilation, overall the moderately complex 2P2Z model was associated with the highest model skill. Additional experiments were conducted in which 20% random noise was added to the satellite data prior to assimilation. The 1P and 2P models successfully reproduced nearly identical optimal parameters regardless of whether or not noise was added to the assimilated data, suggesting that random noise inherent in satellite-derived data does not pose a significant problem to the assimilation of satellite data into these models. On the contrary, the most complex model tested (3P2Z) was sensitive to the level of random noise added to the data prior to assimilation, highlighting the potential danger of overtuning inherent in such complex models.
Observed increase in springtime surface partial pressure of CO2 in the east equatorial Indian Ocean during 1962–2012
Authors: Xue L. , Yu W. , Wang H. , Feng L. , Wei Q. , Ning C.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. Rapidly rising atmospheric CO2 and global warming may have been impacting the ocean, and, in contrast, the response of surface CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) in the equatorial Indian Ocean is poorly understood. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the variation of springtime sea surface pCO2 in the east equatorial Indian Ocean (5° N to 5° S along 90° E and 95° E, EIO), which is relatively better occupied, using data collected in May 2012, together with the historical data since 1962 (LDEO_Database_V2012). Results showed that sea surface pCO2 in the investigation area increased from ~308 μatm in April 1963, through ~373 μatm in May 1999, to ~387μatm in May 2012, with a mean increase rate of ~1.7μatm yr−1. Given that the EIO during the study period was almost always a CO2 source to the atmosphere, it was obvious that the observed increase of sea surface pCO2 with time in this region was not due to the local uptake of CO2 via air–sea exchange, although quickly increasing atmospheric CO2 had the potential to increase seawater pCO2. Further, we checked the effects of variations in sea surface temperature, salinity, mixed layer depth and chlorophyll a (as a proxy of biological production) on surface pCO2. We found surface ocean warming partially contributed to sea surface pCO2 increase, whereas the effects of salinity, mixed layer depth, and biological activity were not significant. The pCO2 increase in the equatorial waters (CO2 source to the atmosphere) was probably due to the transport of carbon accumulated in the CO2 sink region (to the atmosphere) towards the CO2 source region on a basin scale via ocean circulation. Additionally, our study showed that more and more release of CO2 from the ocean to the atmosphere and big pH reduction (0.07 pH units) in the past 50 yr (from 1963 to 2012) may have occurred in the EIO. It also demonstrated that ocean acidification may have taken place in the global ocean, not just limited to the CO2 sink region.
Bimodality of woody cover and biomass in semi-arid regime
Authors: Yin Z. , Dekker S. C. , van den Hurk B. J. J. M. , Dijkstra H. A.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. Multiple states of woody cover under similar climate conditions are found in both conceptual models and observations. Due to the limitation of the observed woody cover data set, it is unclear whether the observed bimodality is caused by the presence of multiple stable states or is due to dynamic growth processes of vegetation. In this study, we combine a woody cover data set with an above ground biomass data set to investigate the simultaneous occurrences of savanna and forest states under different precipitation forcing. To interpret the results we use a recently developed vegetation dynamics model (the Balanced Optimality Structure Vegetation Model), in which the effect of fires is included. Our results show that bimodality also exists in above ground biomass and retrieved vegetation structure. In addition, the observed savanna distribution can be understood as derived from a stable state and a slightly drifting (transient) state, the latter having the potential to shift to the forest state. Finally, the results indicate that vegetation structure (horizontal vs. vertical leaf extent) is a crucial component for the existence of bimodality.
Application of a global nonhydrostatic model with a stretched-grid system to regional aerosol simulations around Japan
Authors: Goto D. , Dai T. , Satoh M. , Tomita H. , Uchida J. , Misawa S. , Inoue T. , Tsuruta H. , Ueda K. , Ng C. F. S. , Takami A. , Sugimoto N. , Shimizu A. , Ohara T. , Nakajima T.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. An aerosol-coupled global nonhydrostatic model with a stretched-grid system has been developed. Circulations over the global and target domains are simulated with a single model, which includes fine meshes covering the target region to calculate meso-scale circulations. The stretched global model involves relatively low computational costs to simulate atmospheric aerosols with fine horizontal resolutions compared with a global uniform nonhydrostatic model. As opposed to general regional models, neither a nesting technique nor boundary conditions are required. In this study, we developed a new air-quality model for the simulation of areas surrounding Tokyo, Japan, with a maximum horizontal resolution of approximately 10 km. We determined that this model was capable of simulating meteorological fields and anthropogenic primary particles, e.g., elemental carbon, and secondary particles, such as sulfate, with comparable results to those found with in-situ measurements and with other regional models. By combining the meteorological fields obtained from an atmosphere-ocean coupled model, we also applied the new model to a climate scenario experiment of PM2.5 (aerosol particles with diameters less than 2.5 μm) over Japan with a high horizontal resolution to assess the public health impact at the prefecture scale.
Cheek metastasis from a bladder tumor: Unusual presentation of an aggressive disease
Authors: Goyal Neeraj Kumar , Goel Apul , Sankhwar Satya Narayan , Mandai Swarnendu , Singhai Atin , Singh Shailesh
Published: January 2014

Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) has been well described for its propensity to metastasize to distant sites. Metastases to the soft tissues of the oral cavity from a bladder cancer are extremely rare. We present the case of a 65-year-old man who presented with history of hematuria for 1 month and was found to have high-grade TCC of the bladder. He developed a cheek lesion after 3 weeks, which was diagnosed as metastatic nodule along with pulmonary metastases from high-grade bladder TCC. The patient received chemotherapy followed by the radiotherapy of the cheek lesion, but he succumbed after 3 months due widespread metastatic disease. We also presented a review of the literature regarding this rare presentation.
Pilot Study on Predictive Value of Plasmatic Levels of 9 Angiogenetic Biomarkers in Selection of Patients Candidate to Prostate Biopsy
Authors: Serretta Vincenzo , Scurria Salvatore , Dispensa Nino , Chiapparrone Gaetano , Provenzano Sandro , Caruso Stefano , Bronte Giuseppe , Cicero Giuseppe , Russo Antonio
Published: January 2014

To reduce the number of negative prostate biopsies in patients with elevated PSA serum levels represents a major challenge in urological oncology. Angiogenetic factors might be involved in initial stages of prostate cancer and might represent useful tools in patients’ selection for prostate biopsy.

The plasmatic levels of Angiopoietin-2, Follistatin, G-CSF, HGF, IL-8, Leptin, PDGF-BB, PECAM-1 and VEGF were measured by BioPlex immunoassay in patients undergoing prostate biopsy for palpable prostate nodule and/or elevated PSA levels (≥4 ng/mL). They were related with biopsy results. ROC curve analysis was exploited to test the diagnostic accuracy of each biomarker by AUC calculation. A potential cut-off level was computed.

Fifty patients were entered. Median PSA was 6.8 ng/mL. A prostate nodule was palpable in 18 (36%) patients. The median number of biopsy cores was 12. Prostate cancer was detected in 25 (50%) and ASAP and PIN in 2 more patients (4%) respectively. Among the 9 considered biomarkers, only leptin showed an interesting diagnostic performance with an AUC of 0.781, at a cut-off value of 2.11 ng/mL, demonstrating a sensitivity of 78%, a specificity of 77% and a positive predictive value of 85%. Main limitations of our study are the exploratory design and the criteria adopted for patients’ selection determining a detection rate for prostate cancer above the usual range.

Leptin only, in our preliminary study, shows promising diagnostic accuracy for the selection of patients candidate to prostate biopsy. Further studies are required to confirm its diagnostic value and its relation with BMI.
GaAs tunnel junction grown using tellurium and magnesium as dopants by solid-state molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Gan Xingyuan , Zheng Xinhe , Wu Yuanyuan , Lu Shulong , Yang Hui , Arimochi Masayuki , Watanabe Tomomasa , Ikeda Masao , Nomachi Ichiro , Yoshida Hiroshi , Uchida Shiro
Published: January 2014

We report a GaAs tunnel junction grown by all-solid-state molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), using tellurium (Te) and magnesium (Mg) as n- and p-type dopants, respectively. The growth conditions, including V/III ratio, and growth rate, growth temperature, were optimized. Through these optimizations, Te- and Mg-doped GaAs with high carrier concentrations as well as good mobilities were obtained. A GaAs tunnel junction with a peak current density of 21 A/cm2 was demonstrated.
Synthesis and characterization of tin monosulfide nanosheets
Authors: Hori Shigeo , Suzuki Toshimasa , Suzuki Tsukasa , Suzuki Takahiro , Nonomura Shuichi
Published: January 2014

Tin monosulfide (SnS) nanosheets were synthesized through a one-pot process and were characterized. Crystal structure was determined as orthorhombic herzenbergite. SnS nanosheets were determined to be several micrometers in width and a few tens of nanometers in thickness. Relationship between SnS nanosheet geometry and crystal orientation was determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation. The bottom faces of SnS nanosheets were observed to correspond to the a × c-plane. At the side faces, the (101) plane was mainly exposed. From photoelectrochemical measurements, the valence band and conduction band positions were estimated to be 0 and −1.3 V vs the saturated calomel electrode (SCE), respectively.
Design of an optimised readout architecture for phase-change probe memory using Ge2Sb2Te5 media
Authors: Wang Lei , Wright C. David , Aziz Mustafa M. , Yang Ci-Hui , Yang Guo-Wei
Published: January 2014

Phase-change probe memory has recently received considerable attention on its writing performance, while its readout performance is rarely evaluated. Therefore, a three-dimensional readout model has been developed for the first time to calculate the reading contrast by varying the electrical conductivities and the thickness of the capping and under layers as well as the thickness of the Ge2Sb2Te5 layer. It is found that a phase-change probe architecture, consisting of a 10 nm Ge2Sb2Te5 layer sandwiched by a 2 nm, 50 Ω−1 m−1 capping layer and a 40 nm, 5 × 106 Ω−1 m−1 under layer, has the capability of providing the optimal readout performance.
Spin‐modulated spacecraft floating potential: Observations and effects on electron moments
Authors: Pulupa M. P. , Bale S. D. , Salem C. , Horaites K.
Published: January 2014

Using the Three‐Dimensional Plasma electron analyzers on the Wind spacecraft, we have analyzed several years of solar wind electron data. We find an anomalous core electron drift of roughly 40 km/s in the sunward xGSEdirection, regardless of the direction of the magnetic field. We interpret this drift as an effect of a spin modulation in the spacecraft floating potential, which can be effectively modeled with the addition of a dipole term to the potential. For typical solar wind conditions, the amplitude of potential modulation is a fraction of a volt. The modulation has negligible effects on the even electron moments (density and temperature) but noticeable effects on the odd moments (bulk velocity and heat flux).
Urban signatures in the spatial clustering of summer heavy rainfall events over the Beijing metropolitan region
Authors: Yang Long , Tian Fuqiang , Smith James A. , Hu Heping
Published: January 2014

The climatology of summer heavy rainfall events over the Beijing metropolitan region during 2008–2012 is investigated with the aid of an observational network of rain gauges and the Weather Research and Forecasting model. Two “hot spots” of higher frequency of summer heavy rainfall events are observed. One is located over the urban core region and the other resides in the climatological downwind region. Two comparative sets of model runs are designed to assess the effect of land surface properties with and without the presence of the city on the model simulation results. By comparing the two sets of model runs, the changes of rainfall statistics, behaviors of storm cells, and variables related to convection due to urbanization are analyzed and quantified. The intensity of heavy rainfall is increased over the urban and downwind region, corresponding to the locations of the two observed hot spots based on rain gauges. The changes of rainfall statistics suggest that the probability distribution of rainfall is shifted toward a heavier upper tail distribution. The Lagrangian properties of storm cells are examined using a newly developed Storm‐Cell Identification procedure. High‐echo storm cells tend to split approaching the city and merge in the downwind region. The level of free convection and the height of the planetary boundary layer are significantly increased over the urban region and maximum convective available potential energy is decreased. Increased sensible heat flux from the urban surfaces plays a dominant role in the modification of simulated rainfall from a climatological perspective.
Mismatches Improve the Performance of Strand‐Displacement Nucleic Acid Circuits
Authors: Jiang Yu Sherry , Bhadra Sanchita , Li Bingling , Ellington Andrew D.
Published: January 2014

Catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) has previously proven useful as a transduction and amplification method for nucleic acid detection. However, the two hairpin substrates in a CHA circuit can potentially react non‐specifically even in the absence of a single‐stranded catalyst, and this non‐specific background degrades the signal‐to‐noise ratio. The introduction of mismatched base pairs that impede uncatalyzed strand exchange reactions led to a significant decrease of the background signal, while only partially damping the signal in the presence of a catalyst. Various types and lengths of mismatches were assayed by fluorimetry, and in many instances, our MismatCHA designs yielded 100‐fold increased signal‐to‐background ratios compared to a ratio of 4:1 with the perfectly matched substrates. These observations could be of general utility for the design of non‐enzymatic nucleic acid circuits.
A Permanent Mesoporous Organic Cage with an Exceptionally High Surface Area
Authors: Zhang Gang , Presly Oliver , White Fraser , Oppel Iris M. , Mastalerz Michael
Published: January 2014

Recently, porous organic cage crystals have become a real alternative to extended framework materials with high specific surface areas in the desolvated state. Although major progress in this area has been made, the resulting porous compounds are restricted to the microporous regime, owing to the relatively small molecular sizes of the cages, or the collapse of larger structures upon desolvation. Herein, we present the synthesis of a shape‐persistent cage compound by the reversible formation of 24 boronic ester units of 12 triptycene tetraol molecules and 8 triboronic acid molecules. The cage compound bears a cavity of a minimum inner diameter of 2.6 nm and a maximum inner diameter of 3.1 nm, as determined by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. The porous molecular crystals could be activated for gas sorption by removing enclathrated solvent molecules, resulting in a mesoporous material with a very high specific surface area of 3758 m2 g−1 and a pore diameter of 2.3 nm, as measured by nitrogen gas sorption.
Highly Intensified Upconversion Luminescence of Ca2+‐doped Yb/Er:NaGdF4 Nanocrystals Prepared by a Solvothermal Route
Authors: Lei Lei , Chen Daqin , Xu Ju , Zhang Rui , Wang Yuansheng
Published: January 2014

Upon introducing Ca2+ dopants into the grain lattices by substituting Gd3+ ions, irregular Yb/Er:NaGdF4 nanocrystals prepared through a simple solvothermal route convert into highly uniform nanorods. Meanwhile, their upconversion luminescence intensifies by about 200 times, probably due to a modification of the crystal structure of NaGdF4 and an improvement in the crystallinity of the nanophase.
Desymmetrization of 1,4‐Pentadien‐3‐ol by the Asymmetric 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Imines
Authors: Yoshida Mari , Sassa Naotaro , Kato Tomomitsu , Fujinami Shuhei , Soeta Takahiro , Inomata Katsuhiko , Ukaji Yutaka
Published: January 2014

Desymmetrization of the divinyl carbinol 1,4‐pentadien‐3‐ol was accomplished by the asymmetric 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine imines based on a magnesium‐mediated, multinucleating chiral reaction system utilizing diisopropyl (R,R)‐tartrate as the chiral auxiliary. The corresponding optically active trans‐pyrazolidines, each with three contiguous stereogenic centers, were obtained with excellent regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselectivity, with results as high as 99 % ee. This reaction was shown to be applicable to both aryl‐ and alkyl‐substituted azomethine imines. The use of a catalytic amount of diisopropyl (R,R)‐tartrate was also effective when accompanied by the addition of MgBr2.
Novel Catalyst System for Hydrostannation of Alkynes
Authors: Gupta Sreya , Do Youngshil , Lee Jin Hee , Lee Miryeong , Han Junghoon , Rhee Young Ho , Park Jaiwook
Published: January 2014

A catalyst system was developed for the highly regio‐ and stereoselective hydrostannation of a range of alkynes with tributylstannane under mild conditions. The active catalytic species was generated from a stable diruthenium complex by illuminating household fluorescent light (30 W) at room temperature.
Phosphine‐Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions of Azomethine Imines with Electron‐Deficient Alkenes: A Facile Access to Dinitrogen‐Fused Heterocycles
Authors: Li Zhen , Yu Hao , Liu Honglei , Zhang Lei , Jiang Hui , Wang Bo , Guo Hongchao
Published: January 2014

An efficient method for the phosphine‐catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of azomethine imines with diphenylsulfonyl alkenes to give dinitrogen‐fused bi‐ or tricyclic heterocyclic compounds in high yields has been described. Moreover, two phenylsulfonyl groups installed on the heterocyclic products could be conveniently removed or transformed to other functional groups, making the reaction more useful.
ZnII‐ and AuI‐Catalyzed Regioselective Hydrative Oxidations of 3‐En‐1‐ynes with Selectfluor: Realization of 1,4‐Dioxo and 1,4‐Oxohydroxy Functionalizations
Authors: Jadhav Appaso Mahadev , Gawade Sagar Ashok , Vasu Dhananjayan , Dateer Ramesh B. , Liu Rai‐Shung
Published: January 2014

Catalytic 1,4‐dioxo functionalizations of 3‐en‐1‐ynes to (Z)‐ and (E)‐2‐en‐1,4‐dicarbonyl compounds are described. This regioselective difunctionalization was achieved in one‐pot operation through initial alkyne hydration followed by in situ Selectfluor oxidation. The presence of pyridine alters the reaction chemoselectivity to give 4‐hydroxy‐2‐en‐1‐carbonyl products instead. A cooperative action of pyridine and ZnII assists the hydrolysis of key oxonium intermediate.
The Geometric Structure of Silver‐Doped Silicon Clusters
Authors: Li Yejun , Lyon Jonathan T. , Woodham Alex P. , Fielicke André , Janssens Ewald
Published: January 2014

Cationic silver‐doped silicon clusters, SinAg+ (n=6–15), are studied using infrared multiple photon dissociation in combination with density functional theory computations. Candidate structures are identified using a basin‐hopping global optimizations method. Based on the comparison of experimental and calculated IR spectra for the identified low‐energy isomers, structures are assigned. It is found that all investigated clusters have exohedral structures, that is, the Ag atom is located at the surface. This is a surprising result because many transition‐metal dopant atoms have been shown to induce the formation of endohedral silicon clusters. The silicon framework of SinAg+ (n=7–9) has a pentagonal bipyramidal building block, whereas the larger SinAg+ (n=10–12, 14, 15) clusters have trigonal prism‐based structures. On comparing the structures of SinAg+ with those of SinCu+ (for n=6–11) it is found that both Cu and Ag adsorb on a surface site of bare Sin+ clusters. However, the Ag dopant atom takes a lower coordinated site and is more weakly bound to the Sin+ framework than the Cu dopant atom.
Attachment Representation in Institutionalized Children: A Preliminary Study Using the Child Attachment Interview
Authors: Zaccagnino Maria , Cussino Martina , Preziosa Alessandra , Veglia Fabio , Carassa Antonella
Published: January 2014

The experience of being removed from one's home and the transition to a residential care system pose enormous challenges for a child. Substantial evidence has been found regarding severe developmental effects due to early exposition to extreme psychosocial and affective deprivation. The research on Bowlby's theoretical proposals has highlighted the link between insecure, disorganized and atypical attachment patterns and children both living in foster care facilities and adopted out of those institutions. The goal of this pilot study is to investigate the attachment representation in an Italian sample of children in middle childhood (9–13 years old) who have been removed from their homes.

Method

Two compared groups of children participated in this study. The first group was composed of 24 Italian children who had been removed from their homes. The second group, considered as the control group, was composed of 35 Italian children who had never been in foster care placement. The quality of children's attachment to their primary caregivers was assessed by the Child Attachment Interview, an innovative semi‐structured interview that seeks to bridge the measurement gap identified in middle childhood

Results

The children in foster care placement show a higher percentage of insecure and disorganized attachment representations and lower scores on the Child Reflective Functioning Scale.

Conclusions

The clinical implications and enhancements to effective intervention for foster children's caretaking are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

Attachment theory.

Clinical implications of Attachment experiences.

Assessment tools of Attachment in middle childhood.
Sodium Lignosulfonate Induced Vaterite Calcium Carbonate with Multilayered Structure
Authors: Guo Hongxia , Sun Pengzhi , Qin Zhenping , Shan Linglong , Zhang Guojun , Cui Suping , Liang Yucang
Published: January 2014

Sodium lignosulfonate (SL), a byproduct of the pulping industry, was used as a stabilizer for the mineralization of CaCO3. In a calcium acetate–urea–water system, the direct aging of the aqueous solution of calcium acetate and urea resulted in the formation of mixed aragonite and vaterite phases or a pure aragonite phase depending on the aging time. However, SL was introduced into the calcium acetate–urea–water system to markedly stabilize the formation of a thermodynamically unstable vaterite phase. Various morphologies of vaterite structures were observed by adjusting the concentration of urea and SL as well as the aging time. Based on these results, ion exchange, carbonate attacking the calcium(II) ions, aggregations of SL‐stabilized primary CaCO3 particles through oriented attachment and Ostwald ripening, as well as mesoscale self‐assembly were proposed as mechanisms to elucidate the formation of various morphologies.
Devolatilization behavior and pyrolysis kinetics of potential Tunisian biomass fuels
Authors: Jeguirim M. , Elmay Y. , Limousy L. , Lajili M. , Said R.
Published: January 2014

Biomass thermochemical conversion is complex and requires a good understanding of the thermal decomposition process. This process may be identified using mass loss kinetics which are useful for the design of proper equipment used for biomass conversion.

This work aims to determine devolatilization kinetic parameters characterizing four Tunisian biomass species: industrial by product (Pine Sawdust), agro‐industrial by product (Olive Solid Waste), agricultural residue (Date Palm Trunk) and seaweed (Posidonia Oceanica) using data from non‐isothermal thermogravimetry and the Coats and Redfern calculation method.

Decomposition TG and DTG data were analyzed by applying 10 kinetic models including processes governed by nuclei growth, surface nucleation followed by geometric, diffusion and chemical reaction models. Obtained results show that biomass pyrolysis is represented by two successive steps: (i) devolatilization stage characterized by high weight loss rate, which is well described by diffusional, surface nucleation followed by geometric and first order chemical reaction models. (ii) char formation stage characterized by low weight loss rate, which is well described by second order and third order chemical reaction models. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 33: 1452–1458, 2014
Etanercept reduces thermal and mechanical orofacial hyperalgesia following inflammation and neuropathic injury
Authors: Coelho S.C. , Bastos‐Pereira A.L. , Fraga D. , Chichorro J.G. , Zampronio A.R.
Published: January 2014

Background

This study evaluated the involvement of tumour necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) in orofacial thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia induced by an inflammatory stimulus or by chronic constriction of the infraorbital nerve (CION) using etanercept (Eta), a TNF‐receptor fusion protein that inhibits TNF‐α action.

Methods

Animals were treated with Eta (0.5 and 5.0 mg/kg, s.c.) or dexamethasone (Dex, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg, s.c.) and orofacial thermal (cold and heat) and mechanical hyperalgesia induced by an inflammatory stimulus (carrageenan, Cg 50 and 100 μg/lip) or by chronic CION, a model of neuropathic pain in the orofacial region was evaluated. Treatments with Dex or Eta were carried out before Cg or before or after CION.

Results

Eta or Dex abolished inflammatory thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia. Also, each drug, when given at the day of the surgery and the subsequent day, was effective to abolish thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia induced by CION, assessed on day 4 and on day 13 after the surgery, respectively. However, Eta, but not Dex, given after the CION, abolished thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia and reduced TNF‐α level in the trigeminal ganglion.

Conclusions

These results suggest that TNF‐α has an important role in cold, heat and mechanical hyperalgesia induced by inflammation or neuropathy in the orofacial region and this may contribute for the establishment of new therapeutic strategies to treat orofacial pain.
Motility mapping as evaluation tool for bowel motility: Initial results on the development of an automated color‐coding algorithm in cine MRI
Authors: Hahnemann Maria L. , Nensa Felix , Kinner Sonja , Gerken Guido , Lauenstein Thomas C.
Published: January 2014

Purpose

To develop and implement an automated algorithm for visualizing and quantifying bowel motility using cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials and Methods

Four healthy volunteers as well as eight patients with suspected or diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) underwent MR examinations on a 1.5T scanner. Coronal T2‐weighted cine MR images were acquired in healthy volunteers without and with intravenous (i.v.) administration of butylscopolamine. In patients with IBD, cine MRI sequences were collected prior to standard bowel MRI. Bowel motility was assessed using an optical flow algorithm. The resulting motion vector magnitudes were presented as bowel motility maps. Motility changes after i.v. administration of butylscopolamine were measured in healthy volunteers. Inflamed bowel segments in patients were correlated with motility map findings.

Results

The acquisition of bowel motility maps was feasible in all subjects examined. In healthy volunteers butylscopolamine led to quantitatively measurable decrease in bowel motility (mean decrease of 59%; P = 0.171). In patients with IBD, visualization of bowel movement by color‐coded motility mapping allowed for the detection of segments with abnormal bowel motility. Inflamed bowel segments could be identified by exhibiting a decreased motility.

Conclusion

Our method is a feasible and promising approach for the assessment of bowel motility disorders. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:354–360.© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rapid and simple detection of sodium thiocyanate in milk using surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy based on silver aggregates
Authors: Lin Xiang , Hasi Wu‐Li‐Ji , Lou Xiu‐Tao , Lin Shuang , Yang Fang , Jia Bao‐Shen , Cui Yu , Ba De‐Xin , Lin Dian‐Yang , Lu Zhi‐Wei
Published: January 2014

Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was used for rapid detection of sodium thiocyanate in milk employing silver aggregates as active substrate. Silver nanoparticles were induced to silver aggregates by trichloroacetic acid (TCA). The limit of detection (LOD) for sodium thiocyanate was 10−2 µg ml−1 in water with an analytical enhancement factor of 5.4 × 106. The silver aggregates represent good reproducibility and stability. Good linear relationship was obtained for sodium thiocyanate in milk at concentration ranges from 0.1 to 10 µg ml−1 (R2 = 0.995). Using TCA as protein precipitator, silver colloid would aggregate spontaneously when mixing with samples during SERS measurement without the need of additional aggregating agent. The simple pretreatment procedures and analytical methods are less time consuming (<10 min) and environmentally friendly, making the proposed method much practical for in situ detection of sodium thiocyanate in market milk. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Data processing in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
Authors: Qi Yulin , O'Connor Peter B.
Published: January 2014

The Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT‐ICR) mass spectrometer intricately couples advanced physics, instrumentation, and electronics with chemical and particularly biochemical research. However, general understanding of the data processing methodologies used lags instrumentation, and most data processing algorithms we are familiar with in FT‐ICR are not well studied; thus, professional skill and training in FT‐ICR operation and data analysis is still the key to achieve high performance in FT‐ICR. This review article is focused on FT‐ICR data processing, and explains the procedures step‐by‐step for users with the goal of maximizing spectral features, such as mass accuracy, resolving power, dynamic range, and detection limits. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 33: 333–352, 2014
Psychometric Properties of the Iranian Version of the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool
Authors: Pakpour Amir H. , Yekaninejad Mir Saeed , Nikoobakht Mohammad Reza , Burri Andrea , Fridlund Bengt
Published: January 2014

Introduction

Premature ejaculation (PE) is one of the most prevalent male sexual problems. The Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT) is a suitable patient-reported outcome measure for the assessment of PE.

Aim

To examine the psychometric proporties of a translated and culturally adapted version of the PEDT in a sample of Iranian men suffering from PE.

Methods

Two independent samples were compared, one including patients with PE based on the DSM-IV-TR criteria (n = 269) and the other including healthy men without PE (n = 289). A backward–forward translation procedure was used to translate the PEDT into Persian. Both samples were asked to fill in the PEDT twice—at baseline and 4 weeks later.

Main Outcome Measures

Internal consistency, test–retest reliability, convergent validity, factor structure, measurement invariance across sexual health status (i.e., between men with and without PE).

Results

Mean ages of men without and with PE were 34.9 and 35.3 years, respectively. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total PEDT score was 0.89. All items and the total score were remarkably consistent between the two measurement points. All five PEDT items correlated at r = 0.40 or greater with their own scale, indicating good convergent validity. There was a high and significant correlation (r = −0.82, P < 0.001) between the PEDT score and IELT. Healthy men reported lower scores (fewer complaints) on the PEDT compared with the PE group. A single-factor model was found to be best-fitting in the exploratory factor analysis; this was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. The PEDT was invariant across sexual health status and perceived similarly by men with and without PE.

Conclusion

The results provide evidence for good reliability and validity of the Iranian version of the PEDT. The questionnaire therefore represents a suitable tool for screening PE in Iranian men.
Enhancement ofl-ornithine production by disruption of three genes encoding putative oxidoreductases inCorynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Hwang Gui-Hye , Cho Jae-Yong
Published: January 2014

Recently, Corynebacterium glutamicum has been shown to exhibit gluconate bypass activity, with two key enzymes, glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) and gluconate kinase, that provides an alternate route to 6-phosphogluconate formation. In this study, gene disruption analysis was used to examine possible metabolic functions of three proteins encoded by open reading frames having significant sequence similarity to GDH of Bacillus subtilis. Chromosomal in-frame deletion of three genes (NCgl0281, NCgl2582, and NCgl2053) encoding putative NADP+-dependent oxidoreductases led to the absence of GDH activity and correlated with increased specific glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activities. This finding suggested that enhanced carbon flux from glucose was directed toward the oxidative pentose phosphate (PP) pathway, when the mutant was cultivated with 6 % glucose. Consequently, the mutant showed 72.4 % increased intracellular NADPH and 66.3 % increased extracellular l-ornithine production. The enhanced activities of the oxidative PP pathway in the mutant explain both the increased intracellular NADPH and the high extracellular concentration of l-ornithine. Thus, the observed metabolic changes in this work corroborate the importance of NADPH in l-ornithine production from C. glutamicum.
Social Isolation and Perceived Barriers to Establishing Social Networks Among Latina Immigrants
Authors: Hurtado-de-Mendoza Alejandra , Gonzales Felisa A. , Serrano Adriana , Kaltman Stacey
Published: January 2014

Research has identified numerous mechanisms through which perceived social isolation and lack of social support negatively impact health. Little research attention has been dedicated to factors that influence the development of social networks, which have the potential to decrease perceptions of social isolation and provide social support. There is mixed evidence concerning the availability of supportive social networks for Latinos in the US. This study explores trauma‐exposed Latina immigrants’ experiences of social isolation in the US and its perceived causes. Twenty‐eight Latina immigrant women participated in an interview about traumatic experiences. Informal help seeking and the availability of friendships in the US were also queried. Frequent comparisons between experiences in their home countries and in the US shaped the emerging themes of social isolation and lack of social support. Women reported feeling lonely, isolated, closed‐in, and less free in the US due to family separation and various obstacles to developing and maintaining relationships. Socioeconomic, environmental, and psychosocial barriers were offered as explanations for their limited social networks in the US. Understanding experiences of social isolation as well as barriers to forging social networks can help inform the development of social support interventions that can contribute to improved health among Latinos.