bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Пространство повседневности жительниц американского пригорода 1950‑х гг. в современной музейной экспозиции (по материалам музея округа Джонсон, Штат Канзас)
WOMEN’S EVERYDAY LIFE IN THE AMERICAN SUBURBS OF THE 1950S IN A MODERN MUSEUM EXHIBITION (BASED ON MATERIALS FROM THE JOHNSON COUNTY MUSEUM, KANSAS)
Authors: Zhidchenko A. V.
Published: September 2022

В статье проанализированы материалы экспозиции одного из локальных американских музеев на предмет отражения в нем пространства женской повседневности. Данное условное пространство формируют такие координаты, как дом и домашнее хозяйство, различные городские учреждения и организации, а также общественная деятельность. По итогам исследования удалось установить, что пространство повседневности американских женщин, с одной стороны, создавало условия для обеспеченной стабильной семейной жизни — дом, машина, гараж, супермаркеты и т. д. С другой стороны, оно и ограничивало женщину в ее активной деятельности, в которой жены во многом зависели от мужей. В музейной экспозиции была отражена именно такая противоречивая картина реальной повседневности американских женщин. Опыт подобной научной реконструкции является новым междисциплинарным исследованием на стыке истории повседневности, новой локальной истории, музеологии, а также на основе этногендерного подхода.
The article analyzes the exposition in a local American museum in order to analyze the way it presents women’s everyday life. This space is shaped by such key points as home and household, various city institutions and organizations, and social activities. It was found that the everyday life of American women, on the one hand, maintained a secure, stable family life — a house, a car, a garage, supermarkets, etc. On the other hand, it also limited a woman in her activities, in which wives largely depended on their husbands. The museum exposition reflects this contradictory picture of the everyday life of American women. The experience of such a scientific reconstruction is an interdisciplinary study at the crossroads of the history of everyday life, new local history, museology, and ethno‑gender studies.
Обряды перехода в медвежьем празднике северных манси
RITES OF PASSAGE IN THE BEAR HOLIDAY OF THE NORTHERN MANSI PEOPLE
Authors: Popova S. A.
Published: September 2022

Праздничная система манси отражает многие сферы мировоззрения народа и включает всевозможные обрядовые комплексы. «Сценарий» Медвежьего праздника содержит фрагменты разных обрядов. Все они синкретичны, имеют различные пути эволюции, неоднократно менялись и переосмыслялись. В статье выявляются элементы обрядов перехода в Медвежьем празднике северной группы манси. В качестве источников информации использованы опубликованные материалы по фольклору и этнографии российских и зарубежных исследователей, а также, личные материалы автора. Полевые материалы были собраны автором в 1994–2011 гг. во время проведения шести праздников по случаю добычи медведя на территории компактного проживания северной группы манси (Берёзовский район Ханты — Мансийского автономного округа — Югры). В ходе исследования данного феномена выявлено, что в основе обрядов мансийского Медвежьего праздника лежат отношения взаимоперехода жизни и смерти, отражающие идею возрождения животных и параллели в обрядах жизненного цикла человека. Особо очевидна связь с определёнными биологическими моментами (смерть, рождение) и общественно‑социальным стандартом (инициации, посвящения). На примерах отдельных ритуальных действий из этих переходных циклов и выстроен материал данной статьи. Связь медвежьей церемонии с обрядами перехода отражает наиболее древний пласт мировоззрения народа.
The Mansi ritual system reflects different spheres of the people’s worldview and includes specific complexes. The “scenario” of the Bear Holiday includes fragments of many rituals. All of them are syncretic, have different evolution histories and have been repeatedly reinterpreted. The study aims to identify the elements of the rites of passage in the Bear Holiday of the Northern Mansi group through representations and mythology. It is based on published sources on folklore and Mansi Bear Holidays of Russian and foreign researchers and materials collected by the author from six Bear Holidays (1994–2011) in Beryozovsky District of Khanty‑Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug — Yugra. It is concluded that the rites of the Mansi Bear Holiday are based on the idea of the mutual transition of life and death, reflecting the idea of rebirth of animals and parallels in the life‑cycle rites. The connection with certain biological points (death and birth) and the social standards (initiations) is particularly obvious. The article is based on the examples of individual ritual actions from these transitional cycles. The connection of the bear ceremony with the rites of passage reflects the most ancient layer of the people’s worldview.
A sensitive and rapid method of lead detection using nanoparticle technology based on monoclonal antibody
Authors: Jia Kunzhi , Lin Ming , Zhao Qiang , Dong Mingke , Ling Sumei , Wang Shihua
Published: September 2022

Lead (Pb) threatens public health due to its toxicity and nonbiodegradable characteristics. It is of significance to develop a sensitive and rapid method for Pb detection. In this study, monoclonal antibodies against Pb were screened with a high affinity constant (Kaff) of 3.56 × 109 L/mol. Au nanosphere particles (AuNS) and Au nanoflower particles (AuNF) were synthesized with a diameter of 15 nm and 60 nm, respectively. The specific anti-Pb antibodies were then immobilized on AuNS and AuNF for probe development. At last, AuNS- and AuNF-based strips were successfully assembled for comparative study, which were able to effectively detect environmental Pb in 10 min. The limits of detection (LODs) were determined to be 3.91 ng/ml and 0.2 ng/ml, respectively. Thus the developed method provides a feasible solution for sensitive and rapid detection of Pb on site, which is beneficial to food safety and pollution control.
Comparison of RNA localization during oogenesis within Acipenser ruthenus and Xenopus laevis
Authors: Iegorova Viktoriia , Naraine Ravindra , Psenicka Martin , Zelazowska Monika , Sindelka Radek
Published: September 2022

The oocyte is a unique cell, from which develops a complex organism comprising of germ layers, tissues and organs. In some vertebrate species it is known that the asymmetrical localization of biomolecules within the oocyte is what drives the spatial differentiation of the daughter cells required for embryogenesis. This asymmetry is first established to produce an animal-vegetal (A-V) axis which reflects the future specification of the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm layers. Several pathways for localization of vegetal maternal transcripts have already been described using a few animal models. However, there is limited information about transcripts that are localized to the animal pole, even though there is accumulating evidence indicating its active establishment. Here, we performed comparative TOMO-Seq analysis on two holoblastic cleavage models: Xenopus laevis and Acipenser ruthenus oocytes during oogenesis. We found that there were many transcripts that have a temporal preference for the establishment of localization. In both models, we observed vegetal transcript gradients that were established during either the early or late oogenesis stages and transcripts that started their localization during the early stages but became more pronounced during the later stages. We found that some animal gradients were already established during the early stages, however the majority were formed during the later stages of oogenesis. Some of these temporally localized transcripts were conserved between the models, while others were species specific. Additionally, temporal de novo transcription and also degradation of transcripts within the oocyte were observed, pointing to an active remodeling of the maternal RNA pool.
When young female fans were producing celebrities: The influential factors related to online fan engagement, celebrity worship, and program commitment in idol-nurturing reality shows
Authors: Gong An-Di , Huang Yi-Ting
Published: September 2022

Idol-nurturing reality shows that aim to produce idol groups by audience-chosen have become a hotbed for nurturing celebrities. The unique concepts and designs of idol-nurturing reality shows have attracted a group of committed female fans. As a result, the idol-nurturing reality show has become an essential genre of reality shows in the Asian market and an essential part of idol culture. This study concerned the unique concepts and designs of idol-nurturing reality shows and the psychology and behavior of the fans throughout the shows. Results of structural equation modeling based on survey data with 3,352 young Chinese respondents revealed a significant relationship between prompts, motives, online fan engagement, celebrity worship, and program commitment. The data from this study show that the prompts ability, personality, and facial attractiveness positively impacted online fan engagement and that viewing motives social interaction, voyeurism, and suspense positively impacted online fan engagement. In addition, this study found that online fan engagement exerted a significant and positive effect on celebrity worship and program commitment; celebrity worship positively impacted program commitment. This study also provides suggestions on enhancing the fan stickiness of shows and idols.
Machine learning assisted reflectance spectral characterisation of coronary thrombi correlates with microvascular injury in patients with ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Kotronias Rafail A. , Fielding Kirsty , Greenhalgh Charlotte , Lee Regent , Alkhalil Mohammad , Marin Federico , Emfietzoglou Maria , Banning Adrian P. , Vallance Claire , Channon Keith M. , De Maria Giovanni Luigi
Published: September 2022

Aims

We set out to further develop reflectance spectroscopy for the characterisation and quantification of coronary thrombi. Additionally, we explore the potential of our approach for use as a risk stratification tool by exploring the relation of reflectance spectra to indices of coronary microvascular injury.

Methods and results

We performed hyperspectral imaging of coronary thrombi aspirated from 306 patients presenting with ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (STEACS). Spatially resolved reflected light spectra were analysed using unsupervised machine learning approaches. Invasive [index of coronary microvascular resistance (IMR)] and non-invasive [microvascular obstruction (MVO) at cardiac magnetic resonance imaging] indices of coronary microvascular injury were measured in a sub-cohort of 36 patients. The derived spectral signatures of coronary thrombi were correlated with both invasive and non-invasive indices of coronary microvascular injury. Successful machine-learning-based classification of the various thrombus image components, including differentiation between blood and thrombus, was achieved when classifying the pixel spectra into 11 groups. Fitting of the spectra to basis spectra recorded for separated blood components confirmed excellent correlation with visually inspected thrombi. In the 36 patients who underwent successful thrombectomy, spectral signatures were found to correlate well with the index of microcirculatory resistance and microvascular obstruction; R2: 0.80, p < 0.0001, n = 21 and R2: 0.64, p = 0.02, n = 17, respectively.

Conclusion

Machine learning assisted reflectance spectral analysis can provide a measure of thrombus composition and evaluate coronary microvascular injury in patients with STEACS. Future work will further validate its deployment as a point-of-care diagnostic and risk stratification tool for STEACS care.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the safety and efficacy of left atrial substrate modification in atrial fibrillation patients with low voltage areas
Authors: Mao Shaobin , Fan Hongxuan , Wang Leigang , Wang Yongle , Wang Xun , Zhao Jianqi , Yu Bing , Zhang Yao , Zhang Wenjing , Liang Bin
Published: September 2022

Background

The left atrial low-voltage areas (LVAs) are associated with atrial fibrosis; however, it is not clear how the left atrial LVAs affect the recurrence of arrhythmias after catheter ablation, and the efficacy and safety of the left atrial substrate modification based on LVAs as a strategy for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) are not evident for AF patients with LVAs.

Methods

We performed a systematic search to compare the arrhythmia recurrence in AF patients with and without LVAs after conventional ablation and arrhythmia recurrence in LVAs patients after conventional ablation with and without substrate modification based on LVAs.

Result

A total of 6 studies were included, involving 1,175 patients. The arrhythmia recurrence was higher in LVA patients after conventional ablation (OR: 5.14, 95% CI: [3.11, 8.49]; P < 0.00001). Additional LVAs substrate modification could improve the freedom of arrhythmia in LVAs patients after the first procedure (OR: 0.30, 95% CI: [0.15, 0.62]; P = 0.0009). However, there was no significant difference after multiple procedures (P = 0.19). The procedure time (MD: 26.61, 95% CI [15.79, 37.42]; P < 0.00001) and fluoroscopy time (MD: 6.90, 95% CI [4.34, 9.47]; P < 0.00001) in LVAs patients with additional LVAs substrate modification were significantly increased compared to LVAs patients’ without substrate modification. Nevertheless, there were no higher LVAs substrate modification-related complications (P = 0.93) between LVAs patients with and without additional LVAs substrate modification. In the subgroup analysis, the additional LVAs substrate modification reduced the risk of arrhythmia recurrence in LVAs patients during the follow-up time, which was 12 months (OR: 0.32, 95% CI (0.17, 0.58); P = 0.002), and box isolation (OR: 0.37, 95% CI (0.20, 0.69); P = 0.002) subgroups, but the type of AF, follow up >12 months and homogenization subgroups were not statistically significant. Trial sequential analysis shows conclusive evidence for the LVAs ablation.

Conclusion

This study has shown that LVAs could improve the risk of arrhythmia recurrence in AF patients after conventional ablation. And additional LVAs substrate modification after conventional ablation could increase the freedom of arrhythmia recurrence in LVAs patients. Interestingly, the box isolation approach appeared more promising.

Systematic review registration

[http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero], identifier [CRD42021239277].
The impact of school attachment and parental involvement on the positive mental health of 2SLGBTQ + students during COVID-19
Authors: Campbell Christopher , Fraser Ley , Peter Tracey
Published: September 2022

On March 11th, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the worldwide outbreak of COVID-19 as a pandemic. On the following day, the Ontario government (Canada’s most populous province) ordered all public schools to close. By Monday, March 16th, 2020, all public schools (and most private schools) in Canada announced plans to physically shutter schools, with a shift to remote and online learning to follow soon after. This unprecedented shift in learning environment for young Canadians came at a time when the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic was creating a challenging environment for the mental health of all Canadians. While all students may have struggled to cope, 2SLGBTQ + students faced an unusually complex shift, as their school and home environments may have contributed differentially to the social supports and acceptance (related to their 2SLGBTQ + identity or identities) that their cisgender heterosexual peers routinely experience in their social surroundings. In this paper, we explore the relationship between school attachment, parental involvement and positive mental health in 2SLGBTQ + youth using data collected as part of the Second Annual School Climate Survey on Homophobia, Biphobia, and Transphobia in Canadian Schools.
Variability and controls of stable carbon isotopic fractionation during aerobic methane oxidation in temperate lakes
Authors: Thottathil Shoji D. , Reis Paula C. J. , Prairie Yves T.
Published: September 2022

The aerobic oxidation of methane (CH4) by methanotrophic bacteria (MOB) is the major sink of this highly potent greenhouse gas in freshwater environments. Yet, CH4oxidation is one of the largest uncertain components in predicting the current and future CH4emissions from these systems. While stable carbon isotopic mass balance is a powerful approach to estimate the extent of CH4oxidationin situ, its applicability is constrained by the need of a reliable isotopic fractionation factor (αox), which depicts the slower reaction of the heavier stable isotope (13C) during CH4oxidation. Here we explored the natural variability and the controls of αoxacross the water column of six temperate lakes using experimental incubation of unamended water samples at different temperatures. We found a large variability of αox(1.004–1.038) with a systematic increase from the surface to the deep layers of lake water columns. Moreover, αoxwas strongly positively coupled to the abundance of MOB in the γ-proteobacteria class (γ-MOB), which in turn correlated to the concentrations of oxygen and CH4, and to the rates of CH4oxidation. To enable the applicability in future isotopic mass balance studies, we further developed a general model to predict αoxusing routinely measured limnological variables. By applying this model to δ13C-CH4profiles obtained from the study lakes, we show that using a constant αoxvalue in isotopic mass balances can largely misrepresent and undermine patterns of the extent of CH4oxidation in lakes. Our αoxmodel thus contributes towards more reliable estimations of stable carbon isotope-based quantification of CH4oxidation and may help to elucidate large scale patterns and drivers of the oxidation-driven mitigation of CH4emission from lakes.
Land ecological protection polices improve ecosystem services: A case study of Lishui, China
Authors: Tang Yisheng , Tang Jinghao , Yu Xianghong , Qiu Lefeng , Wang Jingyi , Hou Xianrui , Chen Dongxiang
Published: September 2022

Ecological priority and green development have become the main theme of the times in China. The policy performance evaluation of ecological protection needs to quantitatively identify the changes of ecosystem quality and services firstly. This paper constructed the analytical framework driven by ecological protection policy of “Goal-oriented—Policy driven—Ecological quality–Service improvement”, and used multi-source data to establish the evaluation approach of “ecosystem quality-ecosystem services-ecosystem services value”. This study took Lishui as a case study to confirm the framework proposed. The results show that the ecosystem quality of Lishui has been steadily improved in recent 10 years. The overall quality of ecosystem services such as vegetation oxygen release, carbon sequestration, pollution removal, cooling service, humidification regulation and water conservation service has been improved by a range of 2%–6%. The value of ecological products has increased from 143.28 billion CNY in 2009 to 150.23 billion CNY in 2019. Lishui has implemented the development concept of “ecological civilization”, and the policies of ecological restoration or land remediation have changed land use and ecosystem quality, which was the main driving force for the improvement of ecological quality and the main promotion of ecological products value. The methods and results can provide insight into the impact of land policies on ecosystem services and decisions that support for further optimizing land ecological protection policies.
Detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike/RBD antibodies in vaccinated elderly from residential care facilities in Romania, April 2021
Authors: Vremera Teodora , Furtunescu Florentina Ligia , Leustean Mihaela , Rafila Alexandru , David Adina , Radu Iuliana , Cornienco Ana Maria , Gatea Adina , Ilie Ciprian , Iancu Luminita Smaranda , Pistol Adriana
Published: September 2022

Introduction

SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and related mortality in elderly from residential care facilities are high. The aim of this study was to explore the immune status after COVID-19 vaccination in people 65 years and older.

Methods

The study involved volunteer participants living in residential care facilities. The level of anti-Spike/RBD antibodies was measured at 2–12 weeks after complete vaccination, using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant Abbott).

Results

We have analyzed 635 serum samples collected from volunteers living in 21 Residential Care Facilities. With one exception, in which the vaccination was done with the Moderna vaccine, all volunteers received the Pfizer-Comirnaty vaccine. Individuals enrolled in the study had ages between 65–110 years (median 79 years). Of the people tested, 54.8% reported at least one comorbidity and 59.2% reported having had COVID-19 before vaccination. The presence of anti-S/RBD antibodies at a protective level was detected in 98.7% of those tested (n = 627 persons) with a wide variation of antibody levels, from 7.1 to 5,680 BAU/ml (median 1287 BAU/ml). Antibody levels appeared to be significantly correlated to previous infection (r = 0.302, p = 0.000).

Conclusions

The study revealed the presence of anti-SARS CoV-2 antibodies in a significant percentage of those tested (98.7%). Of these, more than half had high antibody levels. Pre-vaccination COVID-19 was the only factor found to be associated with higher anti-S/RBD levels. The significant response in elderly people, even in those with comorbidities, supports the vaccination measure for this category, irrespective of associated disabilities or previous infection.
The effect of habitat and climatic on microsatellite diversity and allele length variation
Authors: Cohen Orly , Ram Yoav , Hadany Lilach , Geffen Eli , Gafny Sarig
Published: September 2022

Microsatellite loci have been shown to vary according to environment. We studied allelic length variation and diversity in eight microsatellite loci along a sharp climatic and habitat gradient in Israel, using the eastern spadefoot toad (Pelobates syriacus) as our model system. We found a gradual increase in allele lengths from north to south. We used a distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) to associate between allele length and habitat and climatic measures and found that geography and annual climate explained the significant variation in allele length. We also used additional measurements pertaining to demography, heterozygosity and allelic diversity to explore four different hypotheses that might explain the variations in allele length. Our results suggest that the changes we observed in allele lengths may not be purely random but could be influenced by the differential mutation rate and/or local environmental conditions operating at the different locations.
Survival and reproduction in Arctic caribou are associated with summer forage and insect harassment
Authors: Johnson Heather E. , Lenart Elizabeth A. , Gustine David D. , Adams Layne G. , Barboza Perry S.
Published: September 2022

Investigators have speculated that the climate-driven “greening of the Arctic” may benefit barren-ground caribou populations, but paradoxically many populations have declined in recent years. This pattern has raised concerns about the influence of summer habitat conditions on caribou demographic rates, and how populations may be impacted in the future. The short Arctic summer provides caribou with important forage resources but is also the time they are exposed to intense harassment by insects, factors which are both being altered by longer, warmer growing seasons. To better understand the effects of summer forage and insect activity on Arctic caribou demographic rates, we investigated the influence of estimated forage biomass, digestible energy (DE), digestible nitrogen (DN), and mosquito activity on the reproductive success and survival of adult females in the Central Arctic Herd on the North Slope of Alaska. We tested the hypotheses that greater early summer DN would increase subsequent reproduction (parturition and late June calving success) while greater biomass and DE would increase adult survival (September–May), and that elevated mosquito activity would reduce both demographic rates. Because the period when abundant forage DN is limited and overlaps with the period of mosquito harassment, we also expected years with low DN and high harassment to synergistically reduce caribou reproductive success. Examining these relationships at the individual-level, using GPS-collared females, and at the population-level, using long-term monitoring data, we generally found support for our expectations. Greater early summer DN was associated with increased subsequent calving success, while greater summer biomass was associated with increased adult survival. Mosquito activity was associated with reductions in adult female parturition, late June calving success, and survival, and in years with low DN, had compounding effects on subsequent late June calving success. Our findings indicate that summer nutrition and mosquito activity collectively influence the demographic rates of Arctic caribou, and may impact the dynamics of populations in the future under changing environmental conditions.
Impacts of landscape-scale forest loss and a dry event on the demographic structure of the endangered palm Euterpe edulis Mart. in the Atlantic Forest
Authors: Leal Adrielle , Benchimol Maíra , Costa Hugo C. M. , Faria Deborah , Cazetta Eliana
Published: September 2022

Forest loss is one of the most serious threats to biodiversity in the tropics and mainly occurs due to the conversion of native forests by the expansion of human activities. In addition, regional climate change is likely to adversely affect the remaining biota. These disturbances may have direct or indirect consequences on the demographic structure of plant species in human-modified landscapes. To test this hypothesis, and thus look for management practices aimed at enhancing the population viability, we used the palm species Euterpe edulis Mart. (Arecaceae) to assess the demographic structure of five ontogenetic stages prior (2014) and after (2017) a prolonged drought event (2015) that occurred in the northeastern Atlantic Forest of Brazil. We also investigated the influence of landscape forest cover on the ontogenetic demographic structure, given that forest remnants were embedded within landscapes ranging from 6 to 97% of forest amount. We revealed that forest cover was a key predictor explaining the abundance patterns of E. edulis, with all ontogenetic stages (except seedlings, immature, and adults) exhibiting lower abundance in forest remnants surrounded by lower amount of native forests. Conversely, the regional drought event unaffected the demographic structure of this palm species, which may suggest that populations of E. edulis were able to cope with an isolated, though severe, drought event. The impacts of forest loss on E. edulis demographic structure, particularly on juveniles, raises a concern about the future persistence of E. edulis populations, since the early stages represent the adult generation in the near future. Management measures, including species reintroduction, forest restoration, environmental education programmes and the enforcement of environmental laws must be encouraged to safeguard E. edulis populations in the Atlantic Forest.
Spatiotemporal trends of black walnut forest stocking under climate change
Authors: Ebrahimi Aziz , Abbasi Akane O. , Liang Jingjing , Jacobs Douglass F.
Published: September 2022

Basal area is a key measure of forest stocking and an important proxy of forest productivity in the face of climate change. Black walnut (Juglans nigra) is one of the most valuable timber species in North America. However, little is known about how the stocking of black walnut would change with differed bioclimatic conditions under climate change. In this study, we projected the current and future basal area of black walnut. We trained different machine learning models using more than 1.4 million tree records from 10,162 Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) sample plots and 42 spatially explicit bioclimate and other environmental attributes. We selected random forests (RF) as the final model to estimate the basal area of black walnut under climate change because RF had a higher coefficient of determination (R2), lower root mean square error (RMSE), and lower mean absolute error (MAE) than the other two models (XGBoost and linear regression). The most important variables to predict basal area were the mean annual temperature and precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, topology, and human footprint. Under two emission scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 and 8.5), the RF model projected that black walnut stocking would increase in the northern part of the current range in the USA by 2080, with a potential shift of species distribution range although uncertainty still exists due to unpredictable events, including extreme abiotic (heat, drought) and biotic (pests, disease) occurrences. Our models can be adapted to other hardwood tree species to predict tree changes in basal area based on future climate scenarios.
Potential effects of surface ozone on forests in Gangwon Province, South Korea, based on critical thresholds
Authors: Kim Myeong-Ju , Lee Sang-Deok
Published: September 2022

High hourly concentrations of ozone, a secondary pollutant produced from the photochemical reactions of primary precursors, have been increasing in South Korea, bringing potential adverse effects on vegetation. Deforestation caused by high ozone concentrations has been investigated in China and Japan. Using ozone measurements from East and West, Gangwon Province, South Korea, from 2001 to 2018, this study compared changes in surface ozone concentrations and analyzed the influences of meteorological factors and air pollutants. This study calculated accumulated ozone exposure over a threshold of 40 ppb (AOT40) and investigated the possibility of ozone affecting deforestation. Monthly average surface ozone concentrations increased rapidly in both regions from 2009. Although the daily total insolation (a meteorological factor that significantly impacts photochemical reactions) of West Gangwon and East Gangwon did not differ significantly, the ozone concentration was lower in East Gangwon than in West Gangwon (1.5 times lower from 2001 to 2018) owing to local strong winds. Moreover, there was a negative correlation between nitrogen dioxide and ozone generation. AOT40 in West Gangwon was about twice that in East Gangwon and exceeded 10,000 ppbh, the critical level for forests, every year since 2003. Potential damage from high concentrations of ozone was higher in West Gangwon than in East Gangwon.
Characterization of peripheral white blood cells transcriptome to unravel the regulatory signatures of bovine subclinical mastitis resistance
Authors: Yang Jinyan , Tang Yongjie , Liu Xueqin , Zhang Jinning , Zahoor Khan Muhammad , Mi Siyuan , Wang Chuduan , Yu Ying
Published: September 2022

Subclinical bovine mastitis is a pathogenic infection of the breast characterized by a marked decrease in milk production and quality. As it has no obvious clinical symptoms, diagnosis and treatment are challenging. Therefore, searching for biomarkers in cows’ peripheral white blood cells is valuable for preventing and treating subclinical mastitis. Thus, in this study, the transcriptome of peripheral blood from healthy and subclinical mastitis cows was characterized to find the regulatory signatures of bovine subclinical mastitis using RNA-seq. A total of 287 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 70 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) were detected, and 37 DELs were documented near known Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) associated with the mastitis of cows. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that lncRNAs MSTRG25101.2, MSTRG.56327.1, and MSTRG.18968.1, which are adjacent to the SCS QTL and SCC QTL, may be candidate lncRNAs that influence the pathogenesis of mastitis in cows by up-regulating the expression of genes TLR4, NOD2, CXCL8, and OAS2. Moreover, the alternative splicing (AS) pattern of transcriptional sequence differences between healthy cows and subclinical mastitis cows suggested a molecular mechanism of mastitis resistance and susceptibility. A total of 2,212 differential alternative splicing (DAS) events, corresponding to 1,621 unique DAS genes, were identified in both groups and significantly enriched in immune and inflammatory pathways. Of these, 29 DAS genes were subject to regulation by 32 alternative splicing SNPs, showing diverse and specific splicing patterns and events. It is hypothesized that the PIK3C2B and PPRPF8 splice variants associated with AS SNPs (rs42705933 and rs133847062) may be risk factors for susceptibility to bovine subclinical mastitis. Altogether, these key blood markers associated with resistance to subclinical mastitis and SNPs associated with alternative splicing of genes provide the basis for genetic breeding for resistance to subclinical mastitis in cows.
Modulation of tumor environment in colorectal cancer – could gut microbiota be a key player?
Authors: Duarte Mendes Ana , Vicente Rodrigo , Vitorino Marina , Silva Michelle , Alpuim Costa Diogo
Published: September 2022

The treatment paradigm of neoplastic diseases has dramatically shifted with the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). They induce a durable response in a wide variety of solid tumors, but this response depends on the infiltration of lymphocytes capable of recognizing and killing tumor cells. The primary predictor of intrinsic immune resistance to ICIs is the absence of lymphocytes in the tumor, the so-called “cold tumors”. Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most common and challenging cancer, but it is not traditionally considered a highly immunogenic tumor. In fact, immunotherapy showed a remarkable antitumoral activity only on a small subset of CRC patients – the ones with microsatellite instability-high/deficient DNA mismatch repair (MSI-H/dMMR). Most CRCs display a molecular microsatellite stability/proficient DNA mismatch repair (MSS/pMMR) profile, so strategies to improve tumor immunogenicity are crucial. Therefore, ongoing studies investigate new approaches to convert “cold” to “hot” tumors in MSS/pMMR CRCs. In addition, it has been described that gut microbiota influences tumor development and the host immune response. Hence, the microbiota may modulate the immune response, becoming a promising biomarker to identify patients who will benefit from ICIs. Future data will help to better understand microbiota mechanisms and their role in ICI efficacy. Precision medicine in cancer treatment could involve modulation of the microbiota through different strategies to improve tumor immunogenicity. In this review, we aim to present the potential relationship between gut microbiota and the modulation of the immune system and the hypothetical implications in CRC treatment, namely ICIs.
Nail changes in pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid: A single-center study in China
Authors: Cao Shan , Cui Xiaochen , Li Jianke , Pan Futang , Yan Xiaoxiao , Yang Qing , Chen Mingfei , Zhou Shengji , Du Donghong , Wang Weiwei , Sun Yuanhang , Shi Zhongxiang , Wu Mei , Yang Baoqi , Zhang Furen
Published: September 2022

Common autoimmune bullous diseases (AIBDs) include pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid (BP), which are primarily caused by IgG autoantibodies against the structural proteins of desmosomes at the cell–cell junction and hemidesmosomes at the epidermal–dermal junction. Few studies have assessed nail changes in patients with pemphigus or BP. In the present study, we collected the clinical data of 191 patients with AIBDs (108 patients with pemphigus and 83 patients with BP) and 200 control subjects. Nail changes were observed in 77.0% (147/191), 77.8% (84/108), and 75.9% (63/83) of patients with AIBDs, pemphigus, and BP, respectively, and 14.5% (29/200) of control subjects. Beau's lines and paronychia were the most common nail involvement, observed in 22.5% (43/191) and 22.5% (43/191) of patients with AIBDs, 25.0% (27/108) and 25.9% (28/108) of patients with pemphigus, 19.3% (16/83) and 18.1% (15/83) of patients with BP, respectively. The autoimmune bullous skin disorder intensity score (ABSIS) and the onset time of patients with pemphigus or BP with nail changes were different. Onychomycosis accounted for 21.5% (41/191) of all patients with AIBDs. The ABSIS was correlated with nail involvement in patients with BP (r = 0.46, p < 0.001), and weakly correlated with nail involvement in patients with AIBDs (r = 0.37, p < 0.001), pemphigus (r = 0.29, p = 0.009), and pemphigus vulgaris (PV; r = 0.35, p = 0.008). No correlation was observed between nail involvement and disease antibody titers. In conclusion, nail changes are frequently observed in patients with pemphigus and BP. The type and onset time of nail changes may indicate the severity of pemphigus and BP, which warrants the attention of dermatologists.
Metagenomic evidence of suppressed methanogenic pathways along soil profile after wetland conversion to cropland
Authors: Wang Nannan , Zhu Xinhao , Zuo Yunjiang , Liu Jianzhao , Yuan Fenghui , Guo Ziyu , Zhang Lihua , Sun Ying , Gong Chao , Song Changchun , Xu Xiaofeng
Published: September 2022

Wetland conversion to cropland substantially suppresses methane (CH4) emissions due to the strong suppression of methanogenesis, which consists of various pathways. In this study, we evaluated the cultivation impacts on four predominant CH4 production pathways, including acetate, carbon dioxide (CO2), methylamines, and methanol, in a wetland and cultivated cropland in northeastern China. The results showed significant suppression of CH4 production potential and the abundance of genes for all four methanogenic pathways in cropland. The consistency between CH4 production and methanogenesis genes indicates the robustness of genomic genes in analyzing methanogenesis. The suppression effects varied across seasons and along soil profiles, most evident in spring and 0 to 30 cm layers. The acetate pathway accounted for 55% in wetland vs. 70% in the cropland of all functional genes for CH4 production; while the other three pathways were stronger in response to cultivation, which presented as stronger suppressions in both abundance of functional genes (declines are 52% of CO2 pathway, 68% of methanol pathway, and 62% of methylamines pathway, vs. 19% of acetate pathway) and their percentages in four pathways (from 20 to 15% for CO2, 15 to 9% for methylamines, and 10 to 6% for methanol pathway vs. 55 to 70% for acetate pathway). The structural equation models showed that substrate availability was most correlated with CH4 production potential in the wetland, while the positive correlations of acetate, CO2, and methylamine pathways with CH4 production potential were significant in the cropland. The quantitative responses of four CH4 production pathways to land conversion reported in this study provide benchmark information for validating the CH4 model in simulating CH4 cycling under land use and land cover change.
Meat and bone meal stimulates microbial diversity and suppresses plant pathogens in asparagus straw composting
Authors: Liu Xinxin , Li Xiaoxiao , Hua Yinfeng , Sinkkonen Aki , Romantschuk Martin , Lv Yanfang , Wu Qian , Hui Nan
Published: September 2022

Meat and bone meal (MBM), as slaughterhouse waste, is a potential biostimulating agent, but its efficiency and reliability in composting are largely unknown. To access the MBM application to the composting process of asparagus straw rice, we followed the composting process for 60 days in 220-L composters and another 180 days in 20-L buckets in treatments applied with MBM or urea. The microbial succession was investigated by high-throughput sequencing. Compared with urea treatments, MBM addition stabilized pH and extended the thermophilic phase for 7 days. The germination index of MBM treatments was 24.76% higher than that of urea treatments. MBM also promoted higher microbial diversity and shifted community compositions. Organic matter and pH were the most significant factors that influence the bacterial and fungal community structure. At the genus level, MBM enriched relative abundances of organic matter-degrading bacteria (Alterococcus) and lignocellulose-degrading fungi (Trichoderma), as well as lignocellulolytic enzyme activities. Notably, MBM addition decreased sum abundances of plant pathogenic fungi of Phaeoacremonium, Acremonium, and Geosmithia from 17.27 to 0.11%. This study demonstrated the potential of MBM as an effective additive in asparagus straw composting, thus providing insights into the development of new industrial aerobic fermentation.
Supplementation with paraformic acid in the diet improved intestinal development through modulating intestinal inflammation and microbiota in broiler chickens
Authors: Li Junwei , Liu Yang , Niu Jiaxing , Jing Changwei , Jiao Ning , Huang Libo , Jiang Shuzhen , Yan Lei , Yang Weiren , Li Yang
Published: September 2022

The aim of this study was to explore the effects of supplementing paraformic acid (PFA) to the diet of broiler chickens on intestinal development, inflammation, and microbiota. A total of 378 healthy 1-day-old Arbor Acres broilers with similar birth weight were used in this study, and randomly assigned into two treatment groups. The broiler chickens were received a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 1,000 mg/kg PFA. Results showed that PFA supplementation increased (P < 0.05) small intestinal villus height and villus height/crypt depth ratio, elevated intestinal mucosal factors (mucin 2, trefoil factor family, and zonula occludens-1) concentrations, and upregulated mNRA expression of y + L amino acid transporter 1. Moreover, PFA supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10), activities of caspase-3 and caspase-8, and mNRA expressions of Toll-like Receptor 4, nuclear factor-kappa B, Bax, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in small intestinal mucosa. Dietary PFA supplementation also increased (P < 0.05) alpha diversity of cecal microbiota and relative abundance of Alistipes. The present study demonstrated that supplementation of 1,000 mg/kg PFA showed beneficial effects in improving intestinal development, which might be attributed to the suppression of intestinal inflammation and change of gut microbiota composition in broiler chickens. These findings will aid in our knowledge of the mechanisms through which dietary PFA modulates gut development, as well as support the use of PFA in poultry industry.
Ophiostomatoid fungi synergize attraction of the Eurasian spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus to its aggregation pheromone in field traps
Authors: Jirošová Anna , Modlinger Roman , Hradecký Jaromír , Ramakrishnan Rajarajan , Beránková Kateřina , Kandasamy Dineshkumar
Published: September 2022

Eurasian spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus is a destructive pest of the Norway spruce (Picea abies). Recent outbreaks in Europe have been attributed to global warming and other anthropogenic impacts. Bark beetles are guided by multiple complex olfactory cues throughout their life cycle. Male-produced aggregation pheromones, comprising 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol and cis-verbenol, have been identified as the most powerful attractants for dispersing conspecifics. In addition to host trees, bark beetles interact with multiple organisms, including symbiotic ophiostomatoid fungi, which may promote beetle colonization success and offspring development. Previously, in a short-distance laboratory assay, we demonstrated that I. typographus adults are attracted to the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by three symbiotic fungi: Grosmannia penicillata, Endoconidiophora polonica, and Leptographium europhioides. Furthermore, the abundant fusel alcohols and their acetates were found to be the most attractive odorants in the fungal VOC profile. In this study, using a long-distance field-trapping experiment, we analyzed the role of fungal VOCs as attractants for dispersing I. typographus. Two types of fungal lures were tested in combination with pheromones in traps: (1) live cultures of fungi grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and (2) dispensers containing synthetic fusel alcohols and their acetates in equal proportions. Subsequently, the composition of VOCs emitted from live fungal lures were analyzed. We found that the symbiotic fungi synergistically increased the attraction of beetles to pheromones in field traps and the attractiveness of live fungal lures depended on the fungal load. While one Petri dish with E. polonica, when combined with pheromones synergistically increased trapping efficiency, three Petri dishes with L. europhioides were required to achieve the same. The synthetic mix of fungal fusel alcohols and acetates improved the catch efficiency of pheromones only at a low tested dose. VOC analysis of fungal cultures revealed that all the three fungi produced fusel alcohols and acetates but in variable composition and amounts. Collectively, the results of this study show that, in addition to pheromones, bark beetles might also use volatile cues from their symbiotic fungi to improve tree colonization and reproductive success in their breeding and feeding sites.
Altered local gyrification and functional connectivity in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with mild cognitive impairment: A pilot cross-sectional small-scale single center study
Authors: Shao Pengfei , Li Xin , Qin Ruomeng , Xu Hengheng , Sheng Xiaoning , Huang Lili , Ma Junyi , Cheng Yue , Chen Haifeng , Zhang Bing , Zhao Hui , Xu Yun
Published: September 2022

Aims

This research aimed to explore alterations in the local gyrification index (GI) and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods

In this study, 126 T2DM patients with MCI (T2DM-MCI), 154 T2DM patients with normal cognition (T2DM-NC), and 167 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. All subjects underwent a battery of neuropsychological tests. A multimodal approach combining surface-based morphometry (SBM) and seed-based RSFC was used to determine the structural and functional alterations in patients with T2DM-MCI. The relationships among the GI, RSFC, cognitive ability, and clinical variables were characterized.

Results

Compared with the T2DM-NC group and HC group, T2DM-MCI patients showed significantly reduced GI in the bilateral insular cortex. Decreased RSFC was found between the left insula and right precuneus, and the right superior frontal gyrus (SFG). The altered GI was correlated with T2DM duration, global cognition, and episodic memory. The mediation effects of RSFC on the association between GI and cognition were not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that GI may serve as a novel neuroimaging biomarker to predict T2DM-related MCI and help us to improve the understanding of the neuropathological effects of T2DM-related MCI.