bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘A Library of Our Own Compositions’: The Minervian Library and Children’s Social Authorship in Victorian Orkney
Authors: Gleadle Kathryn , Rodgers Beth
Published: July 2022

This article examines the Minervian Library, an extraordinary collection of children’s manuscript stories produced in mid-Victorian Orkney. Established in 1866 by sisters Mary and Clara Cowan and their cousin Isabella Bremner, the collaborative project had ambitions beyond its beginnings as a family literary endeavour: the girls envisaged a working library complete with membership and borrowing records. On offer to the ‘Library Damsels of the Minervian Library’, as they dubbed their members, were 50 of their own original compositions, mostly comprising fairy tales, domestic dramas, and stories of European nobility. In this article, we argue that an analysis of these manuscripts and the social networks in which they were produced and circulated challenges our understanding of literary juvenilia and its relationship to wider cultural processes. We posit that the manuscripts offer a striking example of juvenile ‘social authorship’, not only in the sense of their circulation among a community of readers, but also in the ways that the authors actively engaged with developing literary trends, such as the emergence of the European literary fairy tale, and responded to contemporary debates about girlhood and girls’ lives. In this way, the Minervian Library demonstrates that children were not simply passive consumers of cultural activities, but could also be participants in the creation of collective meanings and discourses.
Bringing state capacity into the debate: a key for energy transition in emerging economy
Authors: Winanti Poppy S , Mas’udi Wawan
Published: July 2022

As energy consumption increases, adopting an energy transition policy has significantly intensified. The existing literature mainly argues that energy transition’s success entails ‘energy democracy’, which integrates social justice and economic equity with renewable transitions. Even though energy democracy has its merit in ensuring the energy transition, it ignores state capacity, especially in emerging economies where the state actors play a vital role in managing resources. By bringing state capacity into the discussion, this article offers a more comprehensive theoretical and empirical contribution to the current debate on energy transition in emerging economies like Indonesia. A country characterized by fragmented actors and competing interests in every arena of policies and level of governance. Therefore, in emerging economies, energy transition requires a ‘socio-technical capacity’ and ‘community engagement’—as proposed by energy-democracy theory—and the rigorous state’s capacity to make the transitions possible.
Same text, same discourse? Empirical validation of a discourse analysis methodology for cultural heritage
Authors: Martin-Rodilla Patricia , Gonzalez-Perez Cesar
Published: July 2022

Most of the new knowledge about our past that is generated in cultural heritage disciplines is produced in non-structured forms, such as project reports, monographs, or research papers. This proliferation of cultural heritage knowledge in textual discourse form requires support for information structuration and extraction of the semantic relations embedded in these texts, in order to fully understand and post-process them. Previous works show that discourse analysis techniques can represent pieces of textual information in a highly structured manner, identifying the semantic relations between them and the entities referred to in the discourse according to well-established linguistic patterns. This is particularly useful for aligning the structure and information extracted with information system post-processing techniques, such as natural language processing, that are currently applied to cultural heritage. In this paper, we apply discourse models through a previously developed methodology to a real case study to represent and analyse cultural heritage textual narratives. Then, we perform an empirical study with cultural heritage experts in order to validate the models obtained, the resultant information, some usability aspects of the approach, and the degree of agreement between experts. The main objective was to obtain empirical and quantitative validation of the application of our proposed discourse analysis methodology to narratives in cultural heritage, its implications for different specialists, and its possibilities as a methodology to assist in providing structure to and capturing the semantics of freestyle documents, to automatize some discourse information extraction tasks and to facilitate their post-processing.
Serum Hormone Concentrations and Body Composition in Brazilian Air Force Cadets During Rainforest Survival Training
Authors: Magraner José Maurício Paixão Dos Santos , Talarico Neto Thomaz , Hahns Júnior Higino Carlos , Tourinho Filho Hugo , Martinelli Júnior Carlos Eduardo
Published: July 2022

Background

Physiological adaptations in military jungle survival training have not yet been studied. Knowledge about the relationship between the insulin-like growth factor type I (IGF-I)/insulin-like growth factor binding protein type 3 (IGFBP-3) system and survival activities in a jungle environment can improve readiness and prepare Brazilian Air Force cadets for this kind of battlefield. Our goal was to assess changes in body composition and serum concentrations of the IGF-I/IGFBP-3 system in Brazilian Air Force cadets during five-day Amazon rainforest survival training and whether differences in sex influence these variations.

Methods

In the five-day survival training, variations in body composition and serum levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were observed. The sample consisted of 14 male cadets (21.71 ± 1.64 years) and 6 female cadets (22.00 ± 1.41 years). Changes were assessed before and immediately after the survival training.

Results

The male cadets’ body mass (pre: 73.89 ± 8.79 kg; post: 69.57 ± 8.44 kg), body fat (pre: 11.43 ± 4.15%; post: 10.16 ± 4.19%), IGF-I serum concentrations (pre: 252 ± 72 ng/mL; post: 140 ± 42 ng/mL), and IGFBP-3 serum concentrations (pre: 4.90 ± 0.67 ng/mL; post: 4.22 ± 0.73 ng/mL) were significantly reduced (P < .01). In the female cadets, the mean body mass values (pre: 60.98 ± 8.82 kg; post: 57.91 ± 9.01 kg), body fat (pre: 19.20 ± 5.03%; post: 17.19 ± 4.77%), and IGF-I serum concentrations (pre: 202 ± 50 ng/mL; post: 108 ± 29 ng/mL) also decreased significantly (P < .01) after survival training. Finally, the cadet’s sex does not affect the variations of IGF-I (P = .46) and IGFBP-3 (P = .205) serum concentrations.

Conclusions

These findings all suggest that changes in body mass and body fat, as well as variations in the IGF-I/IGFBP-3 system, corroborate the need for military readiness preparation. Equivalent changes in both sexes indicate probable equal recovery intervals after survival training.
A Comprehensive, Multidisciplinary Assessment for Knee Osteoarthritis Following Traumatic Unilateral Lower Limb Loss in Service Members
Authors: Wasser Joseph G , Hendershot Brad D , Acasio Julian C , Krupenevich Rebecca L , Pruziner Alison L , Miller Ross H , Goldman Stephen M , Valerio Michael S , Senchak Lien T , Murphey Mark D , Heltzel David A , Fazio Michael G , Dearth Christopher L , Hager Nelson A
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a primary source of long-term disability and decreased quality of life (QoL) in service members (SM) with lower limb loss (LL); however, it remains difficult to preemptively identify and mitigate the progression of KOA and KOA-related symptoms. The objective of this study was to explore a comprehensive cross-sectional evaluation, at the baseline of a prospective study, for characterizing KOA in SM with traumatic LL.

Materials and Methods

Thirty-eight male SM with traumatic unilateral LL (23 transtibial and 15 transfemoral), 9.5 ± 5.9 years post-injury, were cross-sectionally evaluated at initial enrollment into a prospective, longitudinal study utilizing a comprehensive evaluation to characterize knee joint health, functionality, and QoL in SM with LL. Presences of medial, lateral, and/or patellofemoral articular degeneration within the contralateral knee were identified via magnetic resonance imaging(for medically eligible SM; Kellgren–Lawrence Grade [n = 32]; and Outerbridge classification [OC; n = 22]). Tri-planar trunk and pelvic motions, knee kinetics, along with temporospatial parameters, were quantified via full-body gait evaluation and inverse dynamics. Concentrations of 26 protein biomarkers of osteochondral tissue degradation and inflammatory activity were identified via serum immunoassays. Physical function, knee symptoms, and QoL were collected via several patient reported outcome measures.

Results

KOA was identified in 12 of 32 (37.5%; KL ≥ 1) SM with LL; however, 16 of 22 SM presented with patellofemoral degeneration (72.7%; OC ≥ 1). Service members with versus without KOA had a 26% reduction in the narrowest medial tibiofemoral joint space. Biomechanically, SM with versus without KOA walked with a 24% wider stride width and with a negative correlation between peak knee adduction moments and minimal medial tibiofemoral joint space. Physiologically, SM with versus without KOA exhibited elevated concentrations of pro-inflammatory biomarker interleukin-7 (+180%), collagen breakdown markers collagen II cleavage (+44%), and lower concentrations of hyaluronic acid (−73%) and bone resorption biomarker N-telopeptide of Type 1 Collagen (−49%). Lastly, there was a negative correlation between patient-reported contralateral knee pain severity and patient-reported functionality and QoL.

Conclusions

While 37.5% of SM with LL had KOA at the tibiofemoral joint (KL ≥ 1), 72.7% of SM had the presence of patellofemoral degeneration (OC ≥ 1). These findings demonstrate that the patellofemoral joint may be more susceptible to degeneration than the medial tibiofemoral compartment following traumatic LL.
A 2-hr binary period for the black hole transient MAXI J0637-430
Authors: Soria Roberto , Ma Ruican , Tao Lian , Zhang Shuang-Nan
Published: July 2022

We revisit various sets of published results from X-ray and optical studies of the Galactic black hole (BH) candidate MAXI J0637-430, which went into outburst in 2019. Combining the previously reported values of peak outburst luminosity, best-fitting radii of inner and outer accretion disc, viewing angle, exponential decay time-scale, and peak-to-peak separation of the He II λ4686 disc emission line, we improve the constraints on the system parameters. We estimate a heliocentric distance d ≈ (8.7 ± 2.3) kpc, a projected Galactocentric distance R ≈ (13.2 ± 1.8) kpc and a height |z| ≈ (3.1 ± 0.8) kpc from the Galactic plane. It is the currently known Milky Way BH candidate located farthest from the Galactic Centre. We infer a BH mass M1 ≈ (5.1 ± 1.6)M⊙, a spin parameter a* ≲ 0.25, a donor star mass M2 ≈ (0.25 ± 0.07)M⊙, a peak Eddington ratio λ ≈ 0.17 ± 0.11 and a binary period $P_{\rm orb} \approx 2.2^{+0.8}_{-0.6}$ hr. This is the shortest period measured or estimated so far for any Galactic BH X-ray binary. If the donor star is a main-sequence dwarf, such a period corresponds to the evolutionary stage where orbital shrinking is driven by gravitational radiation and the star has regained contact with its Roche lobe (low end of the period gap). The three Galactic BHs with the shortest period (≲3 hr) are also those with the highest vertical distance from the Galactic plane (≳2 kpc). This is probably because binaries with higher binding energies can survive faster natal kicks.
Astro-photometric study of M37 with Gaia and wide-field ugi–imaging
Authors: Griggio M , Bedin L R , Raddi R , Reindl N , Tomasella L , Scalco M , Salaris M , Cassisi S , Ochner P , Ciroi S , Rosati P , Nardiello D , Anderson J , Libralato M , Bellini A , Vallenari A , Spina L , Pedani M
Published: July 2022

We present an astrometric and photometric wide-field study of the Galactic open star cluster M37 (NGC 2099). The studied field was observed with ground-based images covering a region of about four square degrees in the Sloan-like filters ugi. We exploited the Gaia catalogue to calibrate the geometric distortion of the large field mosaics, developing software routines that can be also applied to other wide-field instruments. The data are used to identify the hottest white dwarf (WD) member candidates of M37. Thanks to the Gaia EDR3 exquisite astrometry we identified seven such WD candidates, one of which, besides being a high-probability astrometric member, is the putative central star of a planetary nebula. To our knowledge, this is a unique object in an open cluster, and we have obtained follow-up low-resolution spectra that are used for a qualitative characterisation of this young WD. Finally, we publicly release a three-colour atlas and a catalogue of the sources in the field of view, which represents a complement of existing material.
Consistency study of high- and low-accreting Mg ii quasars: no significant effect of the Fe ii to Mg ii flux ratio on the radius–luminosity relation dispersion
Authors: Khadka Narayan , Zajaček Michal , Panda Swayamtrupta , Martínez-Aldama Mary Loli , Ratra Bharat
Published: July 2022

We use observations of 66 reverberation-measured Mg ii quasars (QSOs) in the redshift range 0.36 ≤ z ≤ 1.686 – a subset of the 78 QSOs we previously studied that also have ${\cal R}_{\rm {Fe\, {\small II}}}$ (flux ratio parameter of UV Fe ii to Mg ii that is used as an accretion-rate proxy) measurements – to simultaneously constrain cosmological model parameters and QSO two-parameter and three-parameter radius–luminosity (R–L) relation parameters in six different cosmological models. We find that these QSO R–L relation parameters are independent of the assumed cosmological model and so these QSOs are standardizable through the R–L relations. Also: (1) With the two-parameter R–L relation, we find that the low-${\cal R}_{\rm {Fe\, {\small II}}}$ and high-${\cal R}_{\rm {Fe\, {\small II}}}$ data subsets obey the same R–L relation within the error bars. (2) Extending the two-parameter R–L relation to a three-parameter one does not result in the hoped-for reduction in the intrinsic dispersion of the R–L relation. (3) Neither of the three-parameter R–L relations provide a significantly better fit to the measurements than does the two-parameter R–L relation. These are promising results for the ongoing development of Mg ii cosmological probes. The first and third of these results differ significantly from those we found elsewhere from analyses of reverberation-measured H β QSOs.
Hyper-swivel head domain motions are required for complete mRNA-tRNA translocation and ribosome resetting
Authors: Nishima Wataru , Girodat Dylan , Holm Mikael , Rundlet Emily J , Alejo Jose L , Fischer Kara , Blanchard Scott C , Sanbonmatsu Karissa Y
Published: July 2022

Translocation of messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA) substrates through the ribosome during protein synthesis, an exemplar of directional molecular movement in biology, entails a complex interplay of conformational, compositional, and chemical changes. The molecular determinants of early translocation steps have been investigated rigorously. However, the elements enabling the ribosome to complete translocation and reset for subsequent protein synthesis reactions remain poorly understood. Here, we have combined molecular simulations with single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer imaging to gain insights into the rate-limiting events of the translocation mechanism. We find that diffusive motions of the ribosomal small subunit head domain to hyper-swivelled positions, governed by universally conserved rRNA, can maneuver the mRNA and tRNAs to their fully translocated positions. Subsequent engagement of peptidyl-tRNA and disengagement of deacyl-tRNA from mRNA, within their respective small subunit binding sites, facilitate the ribosome resetting mechanism after translocation has occurred to enable protein synthesis to resume.
A retrospective and regional approach assessing the genomic diversity ofSalmonellaDublin
Authors: De Sousa Violante Madeleine , Podeur Gaëtan , Michel Valérie , Guillier Laurent , Radomski Nicolas , Lailler Renaud , Le Hello Simon , Weill François-Xavier , Mistou Michel-Yves , Mallet Ludovic
Published: July 2022

From a historically rare serotype, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Dublin slowly became one of the most prevalent Salmonella in cattle and raw milk cheese in some regions of France. We present a retrospective genomic analysis of 480 S. Dublin isolates to address the context, evolutionary dynamics, local diversity and the genesis processes of regional S. Dublin outbreaks events between 2015 and 2017. Samples were clustered and assessed for correlation against metadata including isolation date, isolation matrices, geographical origin and epidemiological hypotheses. Significant findings can be drawn from this work. We found that the geographical distance was a major factor explaining genetic groups in the early stages of the cheese production processes (animals, farms) while down-the-line transformation steps were more likely to host genomic diversity. This supports the hypothesis of a generalised local persistence of strains from animal to finished products, with occasional migration. We also observed that the bacterial surveillance is representative of diversity, while targeted investigations without genomics evidence often included unrelated isolates. Combining both approaches in phylogeography methods allows a better representation of the dynamics, of outbreaks.
On the use of current and forward-looking data in monetary policy: a behavioural macroeconomic approach
Authors: De Grauwe Paul , Ji Yuemei
Published: July 2022

We analyse the question of whether the use of forward-looking data in monetary policy is to be preferred over the use of current data. We use a behavioural macroeconomic model that generates periods of tranquillity alternating with crisis periods characterized by fat tails in the distribution of output gap. We find that in a strict inflation targeting (SIT) regime, the use of forward-looking data leads to a lower quality of monetary policymaking than in a dual mandate monetary policy regime, because the first regime creates more extreme movements in output and inflation than the second one. We also find that nowcasting tends to improve the quality of monetary policy, especially in a SIT regime. Finally, we provide a case study of monetary policies in the USA and the eurozone during 2000–20.
Benchmarking active learning strategies for materials optimization and discovery
Authors: Wang Alex , Liang Haotong , McDannald Austin , Takeuchi Ichiro , Kusne Aaron Gilad
Published: July 2022

Autonomous physical science is revolutionizing materials science. In these systems, machine learning (ML) controls experiment design, execution and analysis in a closed loop. Active learning, the ML field of optimal experiment design, selects each subsequent experiment to maximize knowledge toward the user goal. Autonomous system performance can be further improved with the implementation of scientific ML, also known as inductive bias-engineered artificial intelligence, which folds prior knowledge of physical laws (e.g. Gibbs phase rule) into the algorithm. As the number, diversity and uses for active learning strategies grow, there is an associated growing necessity for real-world reference datasets to benchmark strategies. We present a reference dataset and demonstrate its use to benchmark active learning strategies in the form of various acquisition functions. Active learning strategies are used to rapidly identify materials with optimal physical properties within a compositional phase diagram mapping a ternary materials system. The data are from an actual Fe-Co-Ni thin-film library and include previously acquired experimental data for materials compositions, X-ray diffraction patterns and two functional properties of magnetic coercivity and the Kerr rotation. Popular active learning methods along with a recent scientific active learning method are benchmarked for their materials optimization performance. Among the acquisition functions benchmarked, Expected Improvement demonstrated the best overall performance. We discuss the relationship between algorithm performance, materials search space complexity and the incorporation of prior knowledge, and we encourage benchmarking more and novel active learning schemes.
Two transporters mobilize magnesium from vacuolar stores to enable plant acclimation to magnesium deficiency
Authors: Tang Ren-Jie , Yang Yang , Yan Yu-Wei , Mao Dan-Dan , Yuan Hong-Mei , Wang Chao , Zhao Fu-Geng , Luan Sheng
Published: July 2022

Magnesium (Mg) is an essential metal for chlorophyll biosynthesis and other metabolic processes in plant cells. Mg is largely stored in the vacuole of various cell types and remobilized to meet cytoplasmic demand. However, the transport proteins responsible for mobilizing vacuolar Mg2+ remain unknown. Here, we identified two Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Mg2+ transporters (MAGNESIUM TRANSPORTER 1 and 2; MGT1 and MGT2) that facilitate Mg2+ mobilization from the vacuole, especially when external Mg supply is limited. In addition to a high degree of sequence similarity, MGT1 and MGT2 exhibited overlapping expression patterns in Arabidopsis tissues, implying functional redundancy. Indeed, the mgt1 mgt2 double mutant, but not mgt1 and mgt2 single mutants, showed exaggerated growth defects as compared to the wild type under low-Mg conditions, in accord with higher expression levels of Mg-starvation gene markers in the double mutant. However, overall Mg level was also higher in mgt1 mgt2, suggesting a defect in Mg2+ remobilization in response to Mg deficiency. Consistently, MGT1 and MGT2 localized to the tonoplast and rescued the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) mnr2Δ (manganese resistance 2) mutant strain lacking the vacuolar Mg2+ efflux transporter. In addition, disruption of MGT1 and MGT2 suppressed high-Mg sensitivity of calcineurin B-like 2 and 3 (cbl2 cbl3), a mutant defective in vacuolar Mg2+ sequestration, suggesting that vacuolar Mg2+ influx and efflux processes are antagonistic in a physiological context. We further crossed mgt1 mgt2 with mgt6, which lacks a plasma membrane MGT member involved in Mg2+ uptake, and found that the triple mutant was more sensitive to low-Mg conditions than either mgt1 mgt2 or mgt6. Hence, Mg2+ uptake (via MGT6) and vacuolar remobilization (through MGT1 and MGT2) work synergistically to achieve Mg2+ homeostasis in plants, especially under low-Mg supply in the environment.
Seven steps to enhance Open Science practices in animal science
Authors: Muñoz-Tamayo Rafael , Nielsen Birte L , Gagaoua Mohammed , Gondret Florence , Krause E Tobias , Morgavi Diego P , Olsson I Anna S , Pastell Matti , Taghipoor Masoomeh , Tedeschi Luis , Veissier Isabelle , Nawroth Christian
Published: July 2022

The Open Science movement aims at ensuring accessibility, reproducibility, and transparency of research. The adoption of Open Science practices in animal science, however, is still at an early stage. To move ahead as a field, we here provide seven practical steps to embrace Open Science in animal science. We hope that this paper contributes to the shift in research practices of animal scientists towards open, reproducible, and transparent science, enabling the field to gain additional public trust and deal with future challenges to guarantee reliable research. Although the paper targets primarily animal science researchers, the steps discussed here are also applicable to other research domains.
It was good while it lasted: politics is at the heart of public health but are we willing to engage?
Authors: McKee Martin
Published: July 2022

This paper, written to mark the 50th anniversary of the Faculty of Public Health, reflects on the challenges to governance in a United Kingdom outside the European Union. Drawing on Virchow’s call to address the political determinants of health, it describes a situation in which the current government consistently displays disregard for the institutions of state, and the principles on which they are based, such as honesty and the rule of law. It argues that this is a departure from the past and that it undermines the trust that is essential for effective public health policies that attract public support. It ends with a challenge to the public health establishment in the United Kingdom to decide whether they will challenge the decline in public standards, and thus promote structures that can consider and prioritize health or continue to pick up the pieces of political failings.
On 2-Representation Infinite Algebras Arising From Dimer Models
Authors: Nakajima Yusuke
Published: July 2022

The Jacobian algebra arising from a consistent dimer model is a bimodule 3-Calabi–Yau algebra, and its center is a 3-dimensional Gorenstein toric singularity. A perfect matching (PM) of a dimer model gives the degree, making the Jacobian algebra $\mathbb{Z}$-graded. It is known that if the degree zero part of such an algebra is finite dimensional, then it is a 2-representation infinite algebra that is a generalization of a representation infinite hereditary algebra. Internal PMs, which correspond to toric exceptional divisors on a crepant resolution of a 3-dimensional Gorenstein toric singularity, characterize the property that the degree zero part of the Jacobian algebra is finite dimensional. Combining this characterization with the theorems due to Amiot–Iyama–Reiten, we show that the stable category of graded maximal Cohen–Macaulay modules admits a tilting object for any 3-dimensional Gorenstein toric isolated singularity. We then show that all internal PMs corresponding to the same toric exceptional divisor are transformed into each other using the mutations of PMs, and this induces derived equivalences of 2-representation infinite algebras.
On Contact Surgery and Knot Floer Invariants
Authors: Matkovič Irena
Published: July 2022

We establish some general relations between Heegaard-Floer-based contact invariants. In particular, we observe that if the contact invariant of large negative, respectively positive, contact surgeries along a Legendrian knot does not vanish, then the Legendrian invariant, respectively the Legendrian inverse limit invariant, of that knot is non-zero. We use sutured Floer homology and the limit constructions due to Golla and Etnyre, Vela-Vick and Zarev.
Basic calcium phosphate crystals induce the expression of extracellular matrix remodelling enzymes in tenocytes
Authors: Chhana Ashika , Pool Bregina , Callon Karen E , Naot Dorit , Gao Ryan , Coleman Brendan , Cornish Jillian , McCarthy Geraldine M , Dalbeth Nicola
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Basic calcium phosphate (BCP) crystals contribute to several syndromes associated with tendon disease, including acute calcific tendinitis and Milwaukee shoulder syndrome. Interactions between BCP crystals and tenocytes (tendon cells) may contribute to these clinical syndromes. This study aimed to determine the direct effects of BCP crystals on tenocyte function and viability.

Methods

In vitro assays were used to assess changes in human tenocytes cultured with BCP crystals. Real-time PCR was used to determine changes in the expression of tendon-related genes and extracellular matrix remodelling enzymes (MMPs; a disintegrin and metalloproteases, ADAMTS; and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, TIMPs). ELISA was used to measure protein concentrations in tenocyte supernatants. MTT and alamarBlue™ assays were used to determine changes in cell viability.

Results

BCP crystals upregulated tenocyte gene expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, ADAMTS-4 and TIMP-1 after 24 h. Time-course experiments showed expression peaked at 8 h for TIMP-1 and 48 h for MMP-1 and ADAMTS-4. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 gene expression was upregulated after 48 h. Tenocytes did not alter expression of scleraxis and tendon collagens, and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was not induced with BCP crystals. BCP crystals increased tenocyte release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and MMP-1 protein after 24 h. However, neither COX-1 inhibition nor COX-2 inhibition led to consistent change in BCP crystal-induced tenocyte gene expression of extracellular matrix remodelling enzymes. BCP crystals had no effect on tenocyte viability.

Conclusion

BCP crystals induce extracellular matrix remodelling enzymes, but not inflammatory cytokines, in tenocytes.
Serum cholesterol loading capacity of macrophages is regulated by seropositivity and C-reactive protein in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Karpouzas George A , Papotti Bianca , Ormseth Sarah R , Palumbo Marcella , Hernandez Elizabeth  , Marchi Cinzia , Zimetti Francesca , Budoff Matthew J , Ronda Nicoletta
Published: July 2022

Objective

Excessive cholesterol accumulation in macrophages is the pivotal step underlying atherosclerotic plaque formation. We here explore factors in the serum of patients with RA, and mechanisms through which they interact with and influence cholesterol loading capacity (CLC) of macrophages.

Methods

In a cross-sectional observational cohort of 104 patients with RA, CLC was measured as intracellular cholesterol content in human THP-1–derived macrophages after incubation with patient serum. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation was measured in terms of oxidized phospholipids on apoB100-containing particles (oxPL-apoB100). Antibodies against oxidized LDL (anti-oxLDL), proprotein convertase subtilisin/Kexin type-9 (PCSK9) and high-sensitivity CRP were also quantified. All analyses adjusted for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk score, obesity, total LDL, statin use, age at diagnosis, and anti-oxLDL IgM.

Results

OxPL-apoB100, anti-oxLDL IgG and PCSK9 were positively associated with CLC (all P < 0.020). OxPL-apoB100 directly influenced CLC only in dual RF- and ACPA-positive patients [unstandardized b (95% bootstrap CI)=2.08 (0.38, 3.79)]. An indirect effect of oxPL-apoB100 on CLC through anti-oxLDL IgG increased, along with level of CRP [index of moderated mediation = 0.55 (0.05–1.17)]. CRP also moderated yet another indirect effect of oxPL-apoB100 on CLC through upregulation of PCSK9, but only among dual-seropositive patients [conditional indirect effect = 0.64 (0.13–1.30)].

Conclusion

Oxidized LDL can directly influence CLC in dual-seropositive RA patients. Two additional and independent pathways—via anti-oxLDL IgG and PCSK9—may mediate the effects of oxPL-apoB100 on CLC, depending on CRP and seropositivity status. If externally validated, these findings may have clinical implications for cardiovascular risk prevention.
Non-State Actors of Protection and the Sliding Scale of Protection for Refugee Women
Authors: Querton Christel
Published: July 2022

The article argues that although the gradual recognition of non-State actors as agents of persecution was hailed as a success in ensuring better protection for refugee women at risk of harm from their community or family, the associated development of non-state actors as agents of protection has had a detrimental impact on the protection of refugee women in Europe and more globally. More specifically, the article identifies various everyday practices of reliance on male family members and undefined social networks as actors of protection. These co-constructing practices are exercised by different entities involved in refugee status determination processes, including governments, national and regional courts, and regional and international asylum agencies. Although the trend has gone largely unnoticed, it has resulted in a sliding scale of protection for refugee women. The article argues that endorsing non-State actors of protection, such as male family members and undefined social networks, amounts to a requirement that women seeking asylum take action to avoid being persecuted by placing themselves under the protection of those private actors. This is contrary to international refugee law doctrine, fails to consider the possibility of new forms of harm and is, in itself, a breach of women’s human rights.
Temperature-Dependent Evolutionary Speed Shapes the Evolution of Biodiversity Patterns Across Tetrapod Radiations
Authors: Skeels A , Bach W , Hagen O , Jetz W , Pellissier L
Published: July 2022

Biodiversity varies predictably with environmental energy around the globe, but the underlaying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. The evolutionary speed hypothesis predicts that environmental kinetic energy shapes variation in speciation rates through temperature- or life history-dependent rates of evolution. To test whether variation in evolutionary speed can explain the relationship between energy and biodiversity in birds, mammals, amphibians, and reptiles, we simulated diversification over 65 myr of geological and climatic change with a spatially explicit eco-evolutionary simulation model. We modeled four distinct evolutionary scenarios in which speciation-completion rates were dependent on temperature (M1), life history (M2), temperature and life history (M3), or were independent of temperature and life-history (M0). To assess the agreement between simulated and empirical data, we performed model selection by fitting supervised machine learning models to multidimensional biodiversity patterns. We show that a model with temperature-dependent rates of speciation (M1) consistently had the strongest support. In contrast to statistical inferences, which showed no general relationships between temperature and speciation rates in tetrapods, we demonstrate how process-based modeling can disentangle the causes behind empirical biodiversity patterns. Our study highlights how environmental energy has played a fundamental role in the evolution of biodiversity over deep time. [Biogeography; diversification; machine learning; macroevolution; molecular evolution; simulation.]
Landlordism on Trial: Rent Tribunals and Resistance in Post-War London, 1946–64
Authors: Cartwright Alistair
Published: July 2022

Rent Tribunals were first established in England and Wales in 1946 as a means of regulating rents among furnished lets in the private rented sector, before their authority was extended to cover unfurnished dwellings in 1949. This article shows how rent tribunals created an informal space of justice that provided a forum for tenants’ voices. Tenants used rent tribunals to dramatize their everyday complaints, articulate their sense of entitlement to better housing, and organize collectively to exert pressure on landlords and administrative machinery. The tribunals in turn reconfigured the state’s relationship to the space of the home and echoed representational tropes circulating in popular culture. But in putting landlordism on trial, rent tribunals, and those who participated in them, also came up against the limits of traditional constructions of property ownership and the home. The expansion of homeownership intersected and in some cases fused with increasingly racialized notions of belonging, domesticity, and national identity. Through an examination of these novel regulatory forums, the article highlights both the centrality of working-class agency and the contradictory nature of the welfare state.
Validation of a Novel Statistical Method to Identify Aberrant Patient Logging: A Multi-Institutional Study
Authors: Min Elana A. , Lie Desiree , Barry Carey , Moloney-Johns Amanda , Hibbard Susan T. , Ritsema Tamara S. , D’Aquila Mitzi , Honda Trenton
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Student patient encounter logging informs the quality of supervised clinical practice experiences (SCPEs). Yet, it is unknown whether logs accurately reflect patient encounters, and the faculty resources necessary to review for potential aberrant logging are significant. The purpose of this study was to identify a statistical method to identify aberrant logging.

Methods:

A multi-institutional (n = 6) study examined a statistical method for identifying potentially aberrant logging behavior. An automated statistical Mahalanobis Distance (MD) measurement was used to categorize student logs as aberrant if they were identified as probable multivariate outliers. This approach was validated using a gold standard for aberrant logging behavior with manual review by 4 experienced faculty (“faculty consensus”) and then comparing interrater agreement between faculty and MD-based categorization. In secondary analyses, we compared the relative accuracy of MD-based categorization to individual faculty categorizing data from their own program (“own program” categorization).

Results:

323 student logging records from 6 physician assistant (PA) programs were included. Compared to “faculty consensus” (the gold standard), MD-based categorization was highly sensitive (0.846, 95% CI: 0.650, 1.000) and specific (0.766, 95% CI: 0.645, 0.887). Additionally, there was no significant difference in sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, or negative predictive value between MD-based categorization and “own program” categorization.

Discussion:

The MD-based method of identifying aberrant and nonaberrant student logging compared favorably to the more traditional, faculty-intensive approach of reviewing individual student logging records. This supports MD-based screening as a less labor-intensive alternative to individual faculty review to identify aberrant logging. Identification of aberrant logging may facilitate early intervention with students to improve clinical exposure logging during their SCPEs.
Moral Injury, Nurse Well-being, and Resilience Among Nurses Practicing During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Fitzpatrick Joyce J. , Pignatiello Grant , Kim Minjin , Jun Jin , O'Mathúna Dónal P. , Duah Henry O. , Taibl Jessica , Tucker Sharon
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to determine relationships between moral injury (MI), well-being, and resilience among staff nurses and nurse leaders practicing during the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic.

BACKGROUND

Attention to MI among health professionals, including nurses, increased in 2021, particularly related to the pandemic. Few studies examined MI, well-being, and resilience; even fewer provided implications for leadership/management.

METHODS

The sample included 676 RNs practicing in Ohio. The electronic survey included assessments of MI, well-being, and resilience distributed via the Ohio Nurses Association and the schools of nursing alumni Listservs.

RESULTS

There was a significant association between MI and negative well-being and negative association between MI and resilience. Differences were observed between staff nurses and leaders.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first study relating MI, resilience, and well-bring among nurses and nurse leaders during the pandemic. There is a need for additional research to further our understanding about nurses' health and well-being during the pandemic and beyond.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Anal HPV Infection in MSM Living With HIV: Identifying the Target Groups to Prioritize for Immunization
Authors: Bruzzesi Elena , Galli Laura , Poli Andrea , Bossolasco Simona , Cernuschi Massimo , Spagnuolo Vincenzo , Tamburini Andrea Marco , Canetti Diana , Messina Emanuela , Gianotti Nicola , Raccagni Angelo Roberto , Castagna Antonella , Nozza Silvia
Published: July 2022

Background:

Aims of this study are assessing prevalence of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in male who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV over a period of 5 years and determining risk factors for anal infection from high-risk (HR) HPV genotypes or included in vaccine Gardasil 9.

Setting:

Time–trend, monocentric study on MSM living with HIV who underwent HPV test at anal site from 2015 to 2019.

Methods:

Anal swabs were processed by multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect HPV genotypes. The Cochran–Armitage test was used to assess linear trend in HPV prevalence over time and logistic regression models to estimate risk factors.

Results:

Of the 1352 MSM living with HIV, 168 (12%) were not infected by any HPV genotypes and only 6 were infected with a maximum of 6 genotypes; prevalence of HR-HPV genotypes or those included in the 9-valent vaccine remained stable over time. At multivariable analysis, the risk of carrying at least 1 genotype classified as HR or included in Gardasil 9 was associated with younger age [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for younger than 30 years vs older than 45 years (95% confidence interval) 2.714 (1.484 to 4.961), P = 0.001, and 1.868 (1.141 to 3.060), P < 0.013, respectively] and a history of gonorrhea [aOR 2.118 (1.100 to 4.078), P = 0.025, and 1.785 (1.056 to 3.018), P = 0.031, respectively].

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that prevalence remained stable over time and that all MSM with HIV would benefit from Gardasil 9 immunization, particularly the youngest and those with a prior gonococcal infection.
Topical Wound Therapy Products With Ionic Silver
Authors: Crumley Carolyn
Published: July 2022

PURPOSE:

The purpose of this technologic analysis was to review use of ionic silver as a component of topical wound therapy products.

APPROACH:

Published literature from a variety of fields related to ionic silver and its use in topical wound therapy products was reviewed and a summary of common commercially available wound care products containing ionic silver was generated, along with general recommendations for use. Safety information from both manufacturer guidelines and the Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database is summarized.

CONCLUSIONS:

Various formulations of ionic silver products are used for topical treatment of wounds. Antimicrobial activity varies according to the specific silver formulation and type of microorganisms in the wound bed. In vitro evidence suggests that some bacterial strains may be developing resistance to ionic silver. Improved knowledge of the benefits and safety precautions associated with topical silver preparations can guide its application to topical therapy for wound healing.
Efficacy of a Social Interaction Intervention in Early Postoperative Period to Improve Coping in Persons With an Ostomy
Authors: Martín-Muñoz Begoña , Montesinos-Gálvez Ana C. , Crespillo-Díaz Antonia Yolanda , Jódar-Sánchez Francisco
Published: July 2022

PURPOSE:

The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficacy of a social interaction intervention delivered during the early postoperative time period on the coping process in persons with a new ostomy.

DESIGN:

Randomized controlled trial.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:

The sample comprised 52 persons who underwent surgical management of colorectal including a fecal ostomy; 27 were randomly allocated to the intervention group and 25 to the control group. One participant allocated to the control group died before data collection; thus, findings are based on data from 51 participants. The study setting is the Regional University Hospital of Malaga, located on the southern coast of Spain.

METHODS:

Ostomy visitors (persons living with an ostomy) were taught to listen to the experiences and the concerns of the participant and to serve as an example of an individual who has successfully learned to live with a fecal ostomy. The intervention was a visit with a person with a new ostomy during the early postoperative period. Control group participants were offered standard care that did not include the visit from a person with an ostomy. Outcome measures were taken from the Nursing Outcomes Classification taxonomy. The main outcome measure was coping; secondary outcome measures were health beliefs and acceptance of health status. Bivariate analyses were performed to evaluate differences between groups in terms of the primary and secondary outcomes. A multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to identify predictor variables of the primary outcome, and effect size calculations were used to differentiate statistical significance versus clinical relevance.

RESULTS:

There were no differences in demographic or pertinent characteristics of participants in the 2 groups. Participants who received the intervention achieved a higher mean coping process scores: 3.90 vs 3.19, P = .002 and Cohen d = 0.97. In addition, intervention group participants achieved a higher mean efficacy for the secondary outcomes: 3.78 versus 2.97 (P = .0004) and Cohen d = 1.11 for health beliefs, and 3.68 versus 2.83 (P = .0001) and Cohen d = 1.24 for acceptance of health status. Linear regression analysis indicated that the social interaction intervention (β= .799; P = .000) and undergoing urgent versus routine ostomy surgery (β=−.610; P = .005) were related to coping.

CONCLUSIONS:

Findings indicate that a visit with a trained person living with an ostomy facilitated coping and improved health beliefs and acceptance of health status.
Empowering New Ostomy Patients Through a Novel Inpatient Group Education Class
Authors: Kato Irene , Siegmund Lee Anne
Published: July 2022

PURPOSE:

A quality improvement project was undertaken that evaluated the results of a group inpatient ostomy education class designed to reinforce information provided by the WOC nurse. A secondary goal was to provide emotional support during the immediate postoperative period following ostomy surgery.

PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING:

Participants were inpatients undergoing fecal ostomies (ileostomies, jejunostomies, or colostomies) and their families. This project took place in an inpatient colorectal unit at the project hospital in Northeast, Ohio.

APPROACH:

The Plan, Do, Check, Act process was used to guide the quality improvement. Using feedback from postoperative patients, a multidisciplinary team designed an inpatient group ostomy class with education targeting patient-identified needs. Educational content was created with feedback from postoperative patients. The 1-hour class was offered twice weekly and was facilitated by a dietician, a pharmacist, and an RN. Content included general postoperative discharge information, appliance self-care, nutrition guidelines, medications, and resources for support.

OUTCOMES:

From 2016 to 2019, more than 1500 patients and family members participated in the educational offerings. During this time, length of hospital stay for ostomy patients decreased from 7.299 to 5.938 days. Readmission rates for patients undergoing fecal ostomies declined from 12.9% to a postclass rate of 11.2%. Written/verbal feedback from class attendees, physicians, and nurses was positive.

IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE:

Project outcomes validated the need for a structured, ongoing inpatient, postoperative, group education for ostomy patients during the immediate postoperative period. Next steps will be to resume the class as it was paused due to COVID-19 restrictions, to continue to revise content, and to implement supplementary materials such as DVDs and online resources.