bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abolishing poverty in the Basque Country: two feasible basic income models
Authors: Bollain Julen
Published: February 2024

Basic income has garnered a great deal of attention in recent years. This surge in interest stems from growing income disparities, the failures of existing minimum income programmes, shifts in labour market dynamics and numerous global basic income pilot initiatives. Yet realising the successful implementation of a basic income requires a sustained and comprehensive effort. This research contributes to this imperative by presenting an unprecedented microsimulation analysis of the economic viability of introducing a basic income in the Basque Country. The study introduces two economically sustainable and coherent basic income models that not only effectively eliminate poverty but also generate redistributive effects. These outcomes would position the Basque Country as a region with lower income inequality than any European Union (EU) member state. This article underscores the transformative potential of basic income in the Basque Country and offers valuable insights for policy makers contemplating similar initiatives in other regions or nations.
Towards the progressive network-system: a normative theory of organisation to achieve disruption in times of crisis
Authors: Guglielmo Marco , Ward Bradley
Published: February 2024

This article introduces the progressive network-system as a normative and descriptive theory of counter-hegemonic organisation. It is descriptive insofar as the inspiration comes from a new wave of anti-austerity leaders, movements and parties that have been less dogmatically committed to ‘horizontal’ or ‘vertical’ models of organising, and more open to flexibly combining tactics and strategies from either tradition. In summary, the ‘network’ connects supporters and activists into clusters of dissent; the ‘system’ structures them into organisational ecologies; and the ‘progressive’ ideology establishes cohesion and direction by cementing a sense of unity across the network-system. It is normative because we theorise progressive network-systems as dynamic forms of organisation dedicated to the disruption of extractive exploitation, patriarchal sexism, institutionalised racism and autocratic politics under neoliberal capitalism. We formulate six normative propositions that should inspire any progressive network-system: ideology as a cement; ‘minimal-maximalism’ as an ideological mode to enable pluralism within unity; a flexible distribution of nodes across the network; a common platform; strategic democratic planning; and empowered activism with open/distributed leadership.
Colonial violence and the dangerous passivity of Western intellectuals on Palestine
Authors: Muhire Heraclitos
Published: February 2024

The latest assault on Palestine by the Israeli occupation, beginning in early October 2023, marked another instance of colonial violence supported by the West. Through material, ideological and political support, Western political figures, media, intellectuals and civil society organisations have facilitated the decimation of Palestinian society, historically and currently. This intervention argues that Western intellectuals have an important task; to break with this history and collectively engage in crucial solidarity with the Palestinian cause of liberation from Israeli colonial occupation. By connecting and engaging with Palestinian movements and organisations at the forefront of the struggle, Western intellectuals should demand an immediate and permanent ceasefire, call for boycotting, divesting from Israeli universities and Western institutions complicit in the occupation, recognise the illegitimacy of Israeli settler colonialism, and build long-lasting relationships with Palestinian counterpart institutions.
Queer Data: Ronald Firbank and the Information Economy
Authors: McCluskey Michael
Published: February 2024

Abstract: What can a study of "data" contribute to our understanding of early twentieth-century literary culture and how can data aesthetics help to explicate the seemingly obtuse style of writer Ronald Firbank? This article addresses both of these questions by considering the forms and function of data in Firbank's writings. It argues that Firbank's characteristic camp and elusive style can be understood as an examination of the information economy in which he was living, an economy that traded in flattened forms and decontextualized data.
The Struggle for Equality and Religious Tolerance: Women's Presence and Leadership in Protestant Circles in Sixteenth-Century Spain
Authors: Gómez María Martín , Luttikhuizen Frances
Published: February 2024

Abstract: In 1559 two Protestant communities were discovered in Spain. A striking number of women—ordinary citizens, noblewomen, nuns—lived in those communities. Several played preeminent roles as teachers, preceptors, and feminist leaders who fought to defend their religious freedom and rights. This article aims to remove their names from oblivion, to describe the decisive role they played in Protestant circles in sixteenth-century Spain, and to analyze their philosophical and theological thinking.
Airborne atmospheric carbon dioxide measurement using 1.5  µm laser double-pulse IPDA lidar over a desert area
Authors: Fan Chuncan , Yang Juxin , Liu Jiqiao , Bu Lingbing , Wang Qin , Wei Chong , Zhang Yang , Zhu Xiaopeng , Li Shiguang , Zang Huaguo , Chen Weibiao
Published: February 2024

An integrated path differential absorption (IPDA) lidar can accurately measure regional CO2 weighted column average concentrations (XCO2), which are crucial for understanding the carbon cycle in climate change studies. To verify the performance and data inversion methods of space-borne IPDA lidar, in July 2021, we conducted an airborne lidar validation experiment in Dunhuang, Gansu Province, China. An aircraft was equipped with a lidar system developed to measure XCO2 and an in situ greenhouse gas analyzer (GGA). To minimize measurement errors, energy monitoring was optimized. The system bias error of the DAOD was determined by changing the laser output mode from the off/on to the on/on mode. The XCO2 inversion results obtained through comparing the schemes of averaging signals before “log (logarithm)” and averaging after “log” indicate that the former performs better. The IPDA lidar measured XCO2 over the validation site at 405.57 ppm, and both the IPDA lidar and GGA measured sudden changes in the CO2concentration. The assimilation data showed a similar trend according to the altitude to the data measured by the in situ instrument. A comparison of the mean XCO2 derived from the GGA results and assimilation data with the IPDA lidar measurements showed biases of 0.80 and 1.12 ppm, respectively.
Two-dimensional binary phase gratings for zero-order and high-order diffraction suppression
Authors: Chen Yifan , Zhang Kun , Lv Xinjie , Zhao Gang , Zhu Shining
Published: February 2024

A two-dimensional binary phase grating is
proposed in this paper. Unlike a conventional transmission grating, in
theory, the proposed phase grating can simultaneously eliminate the
zero- and high-order diffraction along certain axes on the image
plane, forming a pure sinusoidal transmission modulation that leaves
only the first-order diffraction. The first-ever, to the best of our
knowledge, theoretical model for achieving sinusoidal transmission
modulation is suggested in this paper; then the theoretical
calculation and experiment results are displayed to investigate the
physical mechanism of the proposed grating. Moreover, the manipulation
on the arrangement of grating design can disperse or concentrate the
diffraction energy at a specific axis. Finally, almost
first-order-only diffraction is achieved on a single axis by
introducing random changes to certain geometrical parameters of the
two-dimensional binary phase grating. Our work provides potential
applications in optical science and engineering fields.
Discrete wavelet transform assisted convolutional neural network equalizer for PAM VLC system
Authors: Lu Xingyu , Li Yi , Chen Xiang , Li Yuqiao , Liu Yanbing
Published: February 2024

With the deepening of research and the further differentiation of damage types, and to compensate for both linear and nonlinear damage in visible light communication systems (VLCs), we propose a novel discrete wavelet transform-assisted convolutional neural network (DWTCNN) equalizer that combines the advantages of wavelet transform and deep learning methods. More specifically, wavelet transform is used in DWTCNN to decompose the signal into diverse coefficient series and employ an adaptive soft-threshold method to eliminate redundant information in the signal. The coefficients are then reconstructed to achieve complete signal compensation. The experimental results show that the proposed DWTCNN equalizer can significantly reduce nonlinear impairment and improve system performance with the bit error rate (BER) under the 7% hard-decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) limit of 3.8 × 10−3. We also experimentally compared DWTCNN with the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and entity extraction neural network (EXNN) equalizer, the Q factor has been improved by 0.76 and 0.53 dB, and the operating ranges of the direct current (DC) bias have increased by 4.76% and 23.5%, respectively.
Arbitrary spectro-temporal pulse-shaping algorithm
Authors: Watanabe Koyo , Inoue Takashi
Published: February 2024

Measurement applications in optical fields require arbitrary spectro-temporal pulse shaping. However, conventional pulse-shaping algorithms are limited to controlling only the shape of the temporal intensity waveform. To overcome this limitation, we introduce the concept of short-time Fourier transformation into the conventional iterative Fourier transform algorithm, enabling it to introduce spectro-temporal constraints using a spectrogram image as a target. We numerically demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can find an appropriate spectral phase modulation pattern to realize arbitrarily controlled spectro-temporal pulse waveforms by testing the algorithm with different spectro-temporal multi-pulse waveforms. The algorithm benefits from reducing computational costs for generating spectro-temporal waveforms.
Non-mydriatic ultra-widefield diffraction-limited retinal imaging
Authors: Ni Shuibin , Ng Ringo , Huang David , Chen Siyu , Young Benjamin , Campbell J. , Jian Yifan
Published: February 2024

We demonstrate a new non-mydriatic ultra-widefield optical coherence tomography retinal imaging system, designed with custom optics to improve the imaging field of view, lateral resolution, and patient comfort. The key motivation is to address the challenge with conventional systems which require pupillary dilation, adding time, expense, discomfort, and medical risk to the examination of the retina. Our system provides an ultra-wide 100° field of view (visual angle measured from the pupil plane) and maintains a lateral resolution of 20 µm throughout the field of view. It also allows a generous working distance of 16 mm, 2-3 times longer than existing ultra-widefield OCT imaging systems. This advanced system was able to avoid iris vignetting artifacts without pharmacological dilation and ensure diffraction-limited ultra-widefield imaging. This enables comprehensive evaluation of retina diseases, especially those affecting the peripheral regions.
Integer-locking condition for stable dual-comb interferometry in situations with fluctuating frequency-comb repetition rates
Authors: Watanabe Shinichi , Shibata Riku , Fujii Shun
Published: February 2024

To make dual-comb interferometry usable in a wide range of applications, it is important to achieve reproducible measurement results even in non-ideal environments that affect the repetition-rate stability. Here, we consider dual-comb interferometry based on a pair of fully referenced optical frequency combs (OFCs) and investigate the impact of fluctuations in the OFC repetition frequencies on the peak position of the center burst in the interferogram. We identify a phase-locking scheme that minimizes the impact of these fluctuations through choosing a special combination of phase-locked frequencies, and the resulting type of operating condition is termed integer-locking condition. Under the integer-locking condition, the number of sampling points in each interferogram remains constant regardless of repetition-rate variations, and this enables more stable phase-resolved measurements in non-ideal environments. We demonstrate the application of this approach using absolute path-length measurements and discuss the accuracy limit imposed by the integer-locking condition. Our findings offer a strategy for robust dual-comb interferometry outside metrology laboratories.
Methods and considerations for estimating parameters in biophysically detailed neural models with simulation based inference
Authors: Tolley Nicholas , Rodrigues Pedro L. C. , Gramfort Alexandre , Jones Stephanie R.
Published: February 2024

Biophysically detailed neural models are a powerful technique to study neural dynamics in health and disease with a growing number of established and openly available models. A major challenge in the use of such models is that parameter inference is an inherently difficult and unsolved problem. Identifying unique parameter distributions that can account for observed neural dynamics, and differences across experimental conditions, is essential to their meaningful use. Recently, simulation based inference (SBI) has been proposed as an approach to perform Bayesian inference to estimate parameters in detailed neural models. SBI overcomes the challenge of not having access to a likelihood function, which has severely limited inference methods in such models, by leveraging advances in deep learning to perform density estimation. While the substantial methodological advancements offered by SBI are promising, their use in large scale biophysically detailed models is challenging and methods for doing so have not been established, particularly when inferring parameters that can account for time series waveforms. We provide guidelines and considerations on how SBI can be applied to estimate time series waveforms in biophysically detailed neural models starting with a simplified example and extending to specific applications to common MEG/EEG waveforms using the the large scale neural modeling framework of the Human Neocortical Neurosolver. Specifically, we describe how to estimate and compare results from example oscillatory and event related potential simulations. We also describe how diagnostics can be used to assess the quality and uniqueness of the posterior estimates. The methods described provide a principled foundation to guide future applications of SBI in a wide variety of applications that use detailed models to study neural dynamics.
Maintenance of proteostasis by Drosophila Rer1 is essential for competitive cell survival and Myc-driven overgrowth
Authors: Paul Pranab Kumar , Umarvaish Shruti , Bajaj Shivani , S. Rishana Farin , Mohan Hrudya , Annaert Wim , Chaudhary Varun
Published: February 2024

Defects in protein homeostasis can induce proteotoxic stress, affecting cellular fitness and, consequently, overall tissue health. In various growing tissues, cell competition based mechanisms facilitate detection and elimination of these compromised, often referred to as ‘loser’, cells by the healthier neighbors. The precise connection between proteotoxic stress and competitive cell survival remains largely elusive. Here, we reveal the function of an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi localized protein Rer1 in the regulation of protein homeostasis in the developing Drosophila wing epithelium. Our results show that loss of Rer1 leads to proteotoxic stress and PERK-mediated phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α. Clonal analysis showed that rer1 mutant cells are identified as losers and eliminated through cell competition. Interestingly, we find that Rer1 levels are upregulated upon Myc-overexpression that causes overgrowth, albeit under high proteotoxic stress. Our results suggest that increased levels of Rer1 provide cytoprotection to Myc-overexpressing cells by alleviating the proteotoxic stress and thereby supporting Myc-driven overgrowth. In summary, these observations demonstrate that Rer1 acts as a novel regulator of proteostasis in Drosophila and reveal its role in competitive cell survival.
Mapping the incidence rate of typhoid fever in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Kim Jong-Hoon , Choi Jungsoon , Kim Chaelin , Pak Gi Deok , Parajulee Prerana , Haselbeck Andrea , Park Se Eun , Mogasale Vittal , Jeon Hyon Jin , Browne Annie J. , Owusu-Dabo Ellis , Rakotozandrindrainy Raphaël , Bassiahi Abdramane Soura , Teferi Mekonnen , Lunguya-Metila Octavie , Dolecek Christiane , Pitzer Virginia E. , Crump John A. , Hay Simon I. , Marks Florian
Published: February 2024

Background

With more than 1.2 million illnesses and 29,000 deaths in sub-Saharan Africa in 2017, typhoid fever continues to be a major public health problem. Effective control of the disease would benefit from an understanding of the subnational geospatial distribution of the disease incidence.

Method

We collated records of the incidence rate of typhoid fever confirmed by culture of blood in Africa from 2000 to 2022. We estimated the typhoid incidence rate for sub-Saharan Africa on 20 km × 20 km grids by exploring the association with geospatial covariates representing access to improved water and sanitation, health conditions of the population, and environmental conditions.

Results

We identified six published articles and one pre-print representing incidence rate estimates in 22 sites in 2000–2022. Estimated incidence rates showed geospatial variation at sub-national, national, and regional levels. The incidence rate was high in Western and Eastern African subregions followed by Southern and Middle African subregions. By age, the incidence rate was highest among 5–14 yo followed by 2–4 yo, > 14 yo, and 0–1 yo. When aggregated across all age classes and grids that comprise each country, predicted incidence rates ranged from 43.7 (95% confidence interval: 0.6 to 591.2) in Zimbabwe to 2,957.8 (95% CI: 20.8 to 4,245.2) in South Sudan per 100,000 person-years. Sub-national heterogeneity was evident with the coefficient of variation at the 20 km × 20 km grid-level ranging from 0.7 to 3.3 and was generally lower in high-incidence countries and widely varying in low-incidence countries.

Conclusion

Our study provides estimates of 20 km × 20 km incidence rate of typhoid fever across sub-Saharan Africa based on data collected from 2000 through 2020. Increased understanding of the subnational geospatial variation of typhoid fever in Africa may inform more effective intervention programs by better targeting resources to heterogeneously disturbed disease risk.
Altered IL-7 signaling in CD4+ T cells from patients with visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Kumar Shashi , Chauhan Shashi Bhushan , Upadhyay Shreya , Singh Siddharth Sankar , Verma Vimal , Kumar Rajiv , Engwerda Christian , Nylén Susanne , Sundar Shyam
Published: February 2024

Background

CD4+ T cells play a central role in control of L. donovani infection, through IFN-γ production required for activation of macrophages and killing of intracellular parasites. Impaired control of parasites can in part be explained by hampered CD4+ T cells effector functions in visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients. In a recent studies that defined transcriptional signatures for CD4+ T cells from active VL patients, we found that expression of the IL-7 receptor alpha chain (IL-7Rα; CD127) was downregulated, compared to CD4+ T cells from endemic controls (ECs). Since IL-7 signaling is critical for the survival and homeostatic maintenance of CD4+ T cells, we investigated this signaling pathway in VL patients, relative to ECs.

Methods

CD4+ T cells were enriched from peripheral blood collected from VL patients and EC subjects and expression of IL7 and IL7RA mRNA was measured by real time qPCR. IL-7 signaling potential and surface expression of CD127 and CD132 on CD4+ T cell was analyzed by multicolor flow cytometry. Plasma levels of soluble IL-7 and sIL-7Rα were measured by ELISA.

Result

Transcriptional profiling data sets generated previously from our group showed lower IL7RA mRNA expression in VL CD4+ T cells as compared to EC. A significant reduction was, however not seen when assessing IL7RA mRNA by RT-qPCR. Yet, the levels of soluble IL-7Rα (sIL-7Rα) were reduced in plasma of VL patients compared to ECs. Furthermore, the levels of soluble IL-7 were higher in plasma from VL patients compared to ECs. Interestingly, expression of the IL-7Rα protein was higher on VL patient CD4+ T cells as compared to EC, with activated CD38+ CD4+ T cells showing higher surface expression of IL-7Rα compared to CD38- CD4+ T cells in VL patients. CD4+ T cells from VL patients had higher signaling potential baseline and after stimulation with recombinant human IL-7 (rhIL-7) compared to EC, as measured by phosphorylation of STAT5 (pSTAT5). Interestingly, it was the CD38 negative cells that had the highest level of pSTAT5 in VL patient CD4+ T cells after IL-7 stimulation. Thus, despite unaltered or potentially lowered IL7RA mRNA expression by CD4+ T cells from VL patients, the surface expression of the IL-7Rα was higher compared to EC and increased pSTAT5 was seen following exposure to rhIL-7. Accordingly, IL-7 signaling appears to be functional and even enhanced in VL CD4+ T cells and cannot explain the impaired effector function of VL CD4+ T cells. The enhanced plasma IL-7 may serve as part of homeostatic feedback mechanism regulating IL7RA expression in CD4+ T cells.
Needs assessment of a pythiosis continuing professional development program
Authors: Leksuwankun Surachai , Plongla Rongpong , Eamrurksiri Nathanich , Torvorapanit Pattama , Phongkhun Kasidis , Langsiri Nattapong , Meejun Tanaporn , Srisurapanont Karan , Thanakitcharu Jaedvara , Lerttiendamrong Bhoowit , Thongkam Achitpol , Manothummetha Kasama , Chuleerarux Nipat , Moonla Chatphatai , Worasilchai Navaporn , Chindamporn Ariya , Permpalung Nitipong , Nematollahi Saman
Published: February 2024

Background

Pythiosis is a rare disease with high mortality, with over 94% of cases reported from Thailand and India. Prompt diagnosis and surgery improves patient outcomes. Therefore, continuing professional development (CPD) is essential for early recognition. However, a needs assessment related to a pythiosis CPD program has not been performed.

Objectives

We conducted a needs assessment to develop a pythiosis CPD program.

Patients/Methods

We conducted a survey study with 267 King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital residents (141 internal medicine (IM) residents and 126 surgery residents). A 30-item survey consisting of a knowledge assessment, demographic section, and an attitudes portion was distributed both electronically and via paper. The data was analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results

Sixty-seven percent completed the survey (110/141 IM residents, 70/126 surgery residents). The mean score [95% confidence interval] on the knowledge assessment was 41.67% [39.64%-43.69%] across all objectives. The three domains with the highest scores were pythiosis risk factors (67.22% correct), microbiologic characteristics (50.83%), and radiographic interpretation (50.56%). The three domains with the lowest scores were laboratory investigation (15.00%), epidemiology (29.17%), and symptomatology (30.83%). Most participants noted that the program should be online with both synchronous and asynchronous sessions, with a preferred length of 60–90 minutes per session.

Conclusion

The pythiosis CPD program should emphasize education regarding symptomatology, laboratory investigation, and epidemiology, all of which are critical for the early detection of pythiosis to decrease mortality from this devastating disease. Most respondents felt this program was necessary and should be implemented in a virtual blended format.
Characterisation of biomarkers of intestinal barrier function in response to a high fat/high carbohydrate meal and corticotropin releasing hormone
Authors: Mogilevski Tamara , Rosella Sam , Nguyen Anke , Fitzpatrick Jessica , Parker Francis , Halmos Emma P. , Gibson Peter R.
Published: February 2024

Background

Variation of circulating concentrations of putative biomarkers of intestinal barrier function over the day and after acute physiological interventions are poorly documented on humans. This study aimed to examine the stability and pharmacokinetics of changes in plasma concentrations of intestinal Fatty-acid -binding -protein (IFABP), Lipopolysaccharide-binging–protein (LBP), soluble CD14, and Syndecan-1 after acute stress and high fat-high-carbohydrate meal.

Methods

In a single-blinded, cross-over, randomised study, healthy volunteers received on separate days corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH, 100 μg) or normal saline (as placebo) intravenously in random order, then a HFHC meal. Participants were allowed low caloric food. Markers of intestinal barrier function were measured at set timed intervals from 30 minutes before to 24 hours after interventions.

Results

10 participants (50% female) completed all three arms of the study. IFABP decreased by median 3.6 (IQR 1.4–10)% from -30 minutes to zero time (p = 0.001) and further reduced by 25 (20–52)% at 24 hours (p = 0.01) on the low caloric diet, but did not change in response to the meal. Syndecan-1, LBP and sCD14 were stable over a 24-hour period and not affected acutely by food intake. LBP levels 2 hours after CRH reduced by 0.61 (-0.95 to 0.05) μg/ml compared with 0.16 (-0.3 to 0.5) μg/ml post placebo injection (p = 0.05), but other markers did not change.

Conclusion

Concentrations of IFABP, but not other markers, are unstable over 24 hours and should be measured fasting. A HFHC meal does not change intestinal permeability. Transient reduction of LPB after CRH confirms acute barrier dysfunction during stress.
Effects of niacin and omega-3 fatty acids on HDL-apolipoprotein A-I exchange in subjects with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Borja Mark S. , Hammerson Bradley , Tang Chongren , Juarez-Serrano Litzy , Savinova Olga V. , Harris William S. , Oda Michael N. , Shearer Gregory C.
Published: February 2024

HDL-apolipoprotein A-I exchange (HAE) measures a functional property associated with HDL’s ability to mediate reverse cholesterol transport. HAE has been used to examine HDL function in case-control studies but not in studies of therapeutics that alter HDL particle composition. This study investigates whether niacin and omega-3 fatty acids induce measurable changes in HAE using a cohort of fifty-six subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS) who were previously recruited to a double-blind trial where they were randomized to 16 weeks of treatment with dual placebo, extended-release niacin (ERN, 2g/day), prescription omega-3 ethyl esters (P-OM3, 4g/day), or the combination. HAE was assessed at the beginning and end of the study. Compared to placebo, ERN and P-OM3 alone significantly increased HAE by 15.1% [8.2, 22.0] (P<0.0001) and 11.1% [4.5, 17.7] (P<0.0005), respectively, while in combination they increased HAE by 10.0% [2.5, 15.8] (P = 0.005). When HAE was evaluated per unit mass of apoA-I ERN increased apoA-I specific exchange activity by 20% (2, 41 CI, P = 0.02) and P-OM3 by 28% (9.6, 48 CI, P<0.0006). However the combination had no statistically significant effect, 10% (-9, 31 CI, P = 0.39). With regard to P-OM3 therapy in particular, the HAE assay detected an increase in this property in the absence of a concomitant rise in HDL-C and apoA-I levels, suggesting that the assay can detect functional changes in HDL that occur in the absence of traditional biomarkers.
An improved gray wolf optimization to solve the multi-objective tugboat scheduling problem
Authors: Yao Peng , Duan Xingfeng , Tang Jiale
Published: February 2024

With the continuous prosperity of maritime transportation on a global scale and the resulting escalation in port trade volume, tugboats assume a pivotal role as essential auxiliary tools influencing the ingress and egress of vessels into and out of ports. As a result, the optimization of port tug scheduling becomes of paramount importance, as it contributes to the heightened efficiency of ship movements, cost savings in port operations, and the promotion of sustainable development within the realm of maritime transportation. However, a majority of current tugboat scheduling models tend to focus solely on the maximum operational time. Alternatively, the formulated objective functions often deviate from real-world scenarios. Furthermore, prevailing scheduling methods exhibit shortcomings, including inadequate solution accuracy and incompatibility with integer programming. Consequently, this paper introduces a novel multi-objective tugboat scheduling model to align more effectively with practical considerations. We propose a novel optimization algorithm, the Improved Grey Wolf Optimization (IGWO), for solving the tugboat scheduling model. The algorithm enhances convergence performance by optimizing convergence parameters and individual updates, making it particularly suited for solving integer programming problems. The experimental session designs several scale instances according to the reality of the port, carries out simulation experiments comparing several groups of intelligent algorithms, verifies the effectiveness of IGWO, and verifies it in the comprehensive port area of Huanghua Port to get the optimal scheduling scheme of this port area, and finally gives management suggestions to reduce the cost of tugboat operation through sensitivity analysis.
Short noncoding RNAs as predictive biomarkers for the development from inflammatory bowel disease unclassified to Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis
Authors: James Jaslin P. , Riis Lene Buhl , Søkilde Rolf , Malham Mikkel , Høgdall Estrid , Langholz Ebbe , Nielsen Boye Schnack
Published: February 2024

Numerous pathogenic processes are mediated by short noncoding RNAs (sncRNA). Twenty percent of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are labelled as IBD unclassified (IBDU) at disease onset. Most IBDU patients are reclassified as Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) within few years. Since the therapeutic methods for CD and UC differ, biomarkers that can forecast the categorization of IBDU into CD or UC are highly desired. Here, we investigated whether sncRNAs can predict CD or UC among IBDU patients. 35 IBDU patients who were initially diagnosed with IBDU were included in this retrospective investigation; of them, 12, 15, and 8 were reclassified into CD (IBDU-CD), UC (IBDU-UC), or remained as IBDU (IBDU-IBDU), respectively. Eight IBD patients, were included as references. SncRNA profiling on RNA from mucosal biopsies were performed using Affymetrix miRNA 4.0 array. Selected probe sets were validated using RT-qPCR. Among all patients and only adults, 306 and 499 probe sets respectively were differentially expressed between IBDU-CD and IBDU-UC. Six of the probe sets were evaluated by RT-qPCR, of which miR-182-5p, miR-451a and ENSG00000239080 (snoU13) together with age and sex resulted in an AUC of 78.6% (95% CI: 60–97) in discriminating IBDU-CD from IBDU-UC. Based on the three sncRNAs profile it is possible to predict if IBDU patients within 3 years will be reclassified as CD or UC. We showed that the expression profile of IBDU patients differ from that of definite CD or UC, suggesting that a subgroup of IBDU patients may compose a third unique IBD subtype.
Femoral anterior condyle height decreases as the distal anteroposterior size increases in total knee arthroplasty: A comparative study
Authors: Yang Bo , Yuan Fu-zhen , Wang Hai-jun , Gong Xi , Chang Yan-hai , Yu Jia-Kuo
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The anterior flange height of the current femoral component increases with an increasing distal femoral anteroposterior dimension. During total knee arthroplasty (TKA), we have observed that a large femur may have a thinner anterior condyle, whereas a small femur may have a thicker anterior condyle. The first purpose of this study was to examine whether the femoral anterior condyle height decreases as the distal femoral anteroposterior size increases and whether gender differences exist in anterior condyle height.

Methods

A total of 1218 knees undergoing TKA intraoperative and computed tomography scans from 303 healthy knees were used to measure the anterior lateral condylar height (ALCH), anterior medial condylar height (AMCH), and the lateral anteroposterior (LAP) and medial anteroposterior (MAP) dimensions of distal femurs. The LAP and MAP measurements were used for adjustments to determine whether gender differences exist in anterior condyle heights. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine correlations between ALCH and LAP or between AMCH and MAP.

Results

There were significant differences between males and females in ALCH in both the CT and TKA groups and AMCH in the CT group (all P<0.01). After adjusting for LAP and MAP, there were significant gender differences in the lateral and medial condylar heights in both groups (P<0.01). There were significant negative correlations between ALCH and LAP values and between AMCH and MAP values in both CT and TKA measurements, with the LAP and MAP values increasing as ALCH and AMCH decreased.

Conclusions

The results demonstrate that femoral anterior condylar height decreased with increasing anteroposterior dimension in both the medial and lateral condyle. In addition, this study also showed that anterior condylar heights are highly variable, with gender differences. The data may provide an important reference for designing femoral anterior flange thickness to precisely match the natural anterior condylar anatomy.
A retrospective comparison of the biceps femoris long head muscle structure in athletes with and without hamstring strain injury history
Authors: Yagiz Gokhan , Fredianto Meiky , Ulfa Maria , Ariani Indira , Agustin Avika Dwi , Shida Nami , Moore E. Whitney G. , Kubis Hans-Peter
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Hamstring strain injuries (HSI) and re-injuries are endemic in high-speed running sports. The biceps femoris long head (BFlh) is the most frequently injured muscle among the hamstrings. Structural parameters of the hamstring muscle are stated to be susceptible to strain injuries at this location. This retrospective study targeted comparing the BFlh’s structural parameters between previously injured and uninjured athletes.

Methods

Nineteen male athletes with previous BFlh strain injury history and nineteen athletes without former lower extremity injury history were included in this study. Fascicle length, mid-muscle belly and distal musculotendinous (MTJ) passive stiffnesses of the biceps femoris long head (BFlh) were examined via b-mode panoramic ultrasound scanning and ultrasound-based shear-wave elastography. Parameter comparisons of both legs within and between athletes with and without injury history were performed.

Results

Comparison of the BFlh fascicle length between the injured leg of the injured group and the legs of the controls revealed a trend to shorter fascicle lengths in the injured leg (p = 0.067, d = -0.62). However, the mid-muscle belly passive stiffness of the BFlh was significantly higher in the injured legs (p = 0.009, d = 0.7) compared with the controls. Additionally, the distal MTJ stiffness was much higher in the previously injured legs compared with controls (p < 0.001, d = 1.6).

Conclusions

Outcomes support the importance of BFlh properties related to stiffness, and fascicle length for injury susceptibility in athletes. Future prospective studies should determine whether the higher stiffness in the injured athletes is a cause or consequence of the HSI. Physical therapy and rehabilitation programmes after HSI should focus on BFlh muscle properties i.e., elasticity and fascicle length for reducing re-injury and increasing sports performance.
Surgical safety checklist compliance process as a moral hazard: An institutional ethnography
Authors: Facey Marcia , Baxter Nancy , Hammond Mobilio Melanie , Peter Elizabeth , Moulton Carol-anne , Paradis Elise
Published: February 2024

Background

Charting is an essential component of professional nursing practice and is arguably a key element of patient safety in surgery: without proper, objective, and timely documentation, both benign and tragical errors can occur. From surgery on wrong patients to wrong limbs, to the omission of antibiotics administration, many harms can happen in the operating room. Documentation has thus served as a safeguard for patient safety, professional responsibility, and professional accountability. In this context, we were puzzled by the practices we observed with respect to charting compliance with the surgical safety checklist (SSC) during a study of surgical teams in a large, urban teaching hospital in Canada (pseudonym ‘C&C’).

Methods

This article leverages institutional ethnography and a subset of data from a larger study to describe and explain the social organisation of the system that monitored surgical safety compliance at C&C from the standpoint of operating room nurses. This data included fieldnotes from observations of 51 surgical cases, on-the-spot interviews with nurses, formal interviews with individuals who were involved in the design and implementation of the SSC, and open-ended questions from two rounds of survey of OR teams.

Findings

We found that the compliance form and not the SSC itself formed the basis for reporting. To meet hospital accuracy in charting goals and legislated compliance documentation reporting requirements nurses ‘pre-charted’ compliance with the surgical checklist. The adoption of this workaround technically violated nursing charting principles and put them in ethically untenable positions.

Conclusions

Documenting compliance of the SSC constituted a moral hazard, constrained nurses’ autonomy and moral agency, and obscured poor checklist adherence. The findings highlight how local and extra local texts, technologies and relations create ethical issues, raise questions about the effectiveness of resulting data for decision-making and contribute to ongoing conversations about nursing workarounds.
Development of the UPSIDES global mental health training programme for peer support workers: Perspectives from stakeholders in low, middle and high-income countries
Authors: Nixdorf Rebecca , Kotera Yasuhiro , Baillie Dave , Garber Epstein Paula , Hall Cerdic , Hiltensperger Ramona , Korde Palak , Moran Galia , Mpango Richard , Nakku Juliet , Puschner Bernd , Ramesh Mary , Repper Julie , Shamba Donat , Slade Mike , Kalha Jasmine , Mahlke Candelaria
Published: February 2024

Background

Peer support in mental health is a low-threshold intervention with increasing evidence for enhancing personal recovery and empowerment of persons living with severe mental health conditions. As peer support spreads globally, there is a growing need for peer support training programmes that work well in different contexts and cultures. This study evaluates the applicability and transferability of implementing a manualised multi-national training programme for mental health peer support workers called UPSIDES from the perspective of different local stakeholders in high-, middle-, and low-income countries.

Method

Data from seven focus groups across six study sites in Africa (Tanzania, Uganda), Asia (India, Israel), and Europe (Germany 2 sites) with 44 participants (3 service users, 7 peer support workers, 25 mental health staff members, 6 clinical directors and 3 local community stakeholders) were thematically analysed.

Results

397 codes were identified, which were thematically analysed. Five implementation enablers were identified: (i) Enhancing applicability through better guidance and clarity of training programme management, (ii) provision of sufficient time for training, (iii) addressing negative attitudes towards peer support workers by additional training of organisations and staff, (iv) inclusion of core components in the training manual such as communication skills, and (v) addressing cultural differences of society, mental health services and discrimination of mental health conditions.

Discussion

Participants in all focus groups discussed the implementation of the training and peer support intervention to a greater extent than the content of the training. This is in line with growing literature of difficulties in the implementation of peer support including difficulties in hiring peer support workers, lack of funding, and lack of role clarity. The results of this qualitative study with stakeholders from different mental health settings worldwide emphasises the need to further investigate the successful implementation of peer support training. All results have been incorporated into the manualisation of the UPSIDES peer support training.
Nearshore fish community changes along the Toronto waterfront in accordance with management and restoration goals: Insights from two decades of monitoring
Authors: Theis Sebastian , Chreston Andrea , Wallace Angela , Graham Brian , Coey Brynn , Little Don , Cartwright Lyndsay , Poesch Mark , Portiss Rick , Ruppert Jonathan
Published: February 2024

Aquatic habitat in the Greater Toronto Area has been subject to anthropogenic stressors. The subsequent aquatic habitat degradation that followed led to the Toronto and Region waterfront being listed as an Area of Concern in 1987. Thus, extensive shoreline and riparian habitat restoration have been implemented as part of the Toronto and Region Remedial Action Plan in conjunction with local stakeholders, ministries, and NGOs in an overall effort to increase fish, bird, and wildlife habitat. A key aspect of current fish habitat restoration efforts, monitored by Toronto and Region Conservation Authority, is to account for long-term community changes within the target ecosystem to better understand overall changes at a larger spatial scale. Here we use electrofishing data from the past 20 years with over 100,000 records and across 72km of coastline to show how declines and fluctuations in fish biomass and catch along the waterfront are driven by a few individual species across three main ecotypes, such as coastal wetlands, embayments, and open coast sites, with the remaining species showing a high level of stability. Using community traits and composition for resident species we demonstrate native warmwater species have become more dominant along the waterfront in recent years, suggesting that restoration efforts are functioning as intended. Additionally, piscivore and specialist species have increased in their relative biomass contribution, approaching existing restoration targets. Altogether this waterfront-wide evaluation allows us to detect overall changes along the waterfront and can be beneficial to understand community changes at an ecosystem level when implementing and monitoring restoration projects.
The longitudinal association of stressful life events with depression remission among SHARP trial participants with depression and hypertension or diabetes in Malawi
Authors: Landrum Kelsey R. , Gaynes Bradley N. , Akello Harriet , Malava Jullita Kenala , Dussault Josée M. , Hosseinipour Mina C. , Udedi Michael , Masiye Jones , Zimba Chifundo C. , Pence Brian W.
Published: February 2024

Depressive disorders are leading contributors to morbidity in low- and middle-income countries and are particularly prevalent among people with non-communicable diseases (NCD). Stressful life events (SLEs) are risk factors for, and can help identify those at risk of, severe depressive illness requiring more aggressive treatment. Yet, research on the impact of SLEs on the trajectory of depressive symptoms among NCD patients indicated for depression treatment is lacking, especially in low resource settings. This study aims to estimate the longitudinal association of SLEs at baseline with depression remission achievement at three, six, and 12 months among adults with either hypertension or diabetes and comorbid depression identified as being eligible for depression treatment. Participants were recruited from 10 NCD clinics in Malawi from May 2019-December 2021. SLEs were measured by the Life Events Survey and depression remission was defined as achieving a Patient Health Questionaire-9 (PHQ-9) score <5 at follow-up. The study population (n = 737) consisted predominately of females aged 50 or higher with primary education and current employment. At baseline, participants reported a mean of 3.5 SLEs in the prior three months with 90% reporting ≥1 SLE. After adjustment, each additional SLE was associated with a lower probability of achieving depression remission at three months (cumulative incidence ratio (CIR) 0.94; 95% confidence interval: 0.90, 0.98, p = 0.002), six months (0.95; 0.92, 0.98, p = 0.002) and 12 months (0.96; 0.94, 0.99, p = 0.011). Re-expressed per 3-unit change, the probability of achieving depression remission at three, six, and 12 months was 0.82, 0.86, and 0.89 times lower per 3 SLEs (the median number of SLEs). Among NCD patients identified as eligible for depression treatment, recent SLEs at baseline were associated with lower probability of achieving depression remission at three, six, and 12 months. Findings suggest that interventions addressing SLEs during integrated NCD and depression care interventions (e.g., teaching and practicing SLE coping strategies) may improve success of depression treatment among adult patient populations in low-resource settings and may help identify those at risk of severe and treatment resistant depression.
Meta-analysis of the effectiveness and safety of robotic-assisted versus laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair for inguinal hernia
Authors: Li Xi , Li Yue-Juan , Dong Hui , Wang Deng-Chao , Wei Jian
Published: February 2024

Background

Inguinal hernia is a common global disease. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness and safety of robot-assisted transabdominal preperitoneal repair (RTAPP) and laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair (LTAPP) for inguinal hernia.

Methods

We conducted a thorough search in Cochrane Library, Embase, and PubMed for relevant clinical studies. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, the quality of selected studies was assessed using the Jadad scale for randomized controlled studies and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for observational studies. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.

Results

A total of ten studies were included, comprising two randomized controlled studies and eight non-randomized controlled studies. Meta-analysis results revealed no statistically significant differences between the RTAPP group and the LTAPP group regarding hospital stay [MD = 0.21 days, 95% CI (-0.09, 0.51), P = 0.17], incidence of seroma [OR = 0.85, 95% CI(0.45, 1.59), P = 0.61], overall complication rate [OR = 1.22, 95% CI(0.68, 2.18), P = 0.51], readmission rate [OR = 1.31, 95% CI(0.23, 7.47), P = 0.76], and recurrence rate [OR = 0.82, 95% CI(0.22, 3.07), P = 0.77]. However, the RTAPP group had longer operation time compared to the LTAPP group [MD = 14.02 minutes, 95% CI (6.65, 21.39), P = 0.0002], and the cost of the RTAPP procedure was higher than that of the LTAPP procedure [MD = $4.17 thousand, 95% CI (2.59, 5.76), P<0.00001].

Conclusion

RTAPP for inguinal hernia is a safe and feasible approach, however, it is associated with increased operation time and treatment costs.