bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green and Efficient Acquirement of Unsaturated Ether from Direct and Selective Hydrogenation Coupling Unsaturated Aldehyde with Alcohol by Bi-Functional Al-Ni-P Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Xu Yan , Zeng Huiqing , Zhao Dan , Wang Shuhua , Ding Shunmin , Chen Chao
Published: February 2023

In view of the industrial importance of high-grade unsaturated ether (UE) and the inconvenience of acquiring the compound, herein, a series of low-cost Al-Ni-P catalysts in robust AlPO4/Ni2P structure possessing novel bi-functional catalytic features (hydrogenation activation and acid catalysis) were innovated, and testified to be efficient for directly synthesizing UE with a superior yield up to 97% from the selective hydrogenation coupling carbonyl of unsaturated aldehyde (cinnamaldehyde or citral) with C1–C5 primary or secondary alcohol under 0.1 MPa H2 and 393 K. The integrated advantages of high efficiency, green manner and convenient operation of the present heterogeneous catalytic system gave the system potential for feasibly harvesting high-grade unsaturated ether in related fine chemical synthesis networks.
Novel Copper-Based Catalytic Systems for Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Acrylonitrile
Authors: Grishin Ivan D. , Zueva Elizaveta I. , Pronina Yulia S. , Grishin Dmitry F.
Published: February 2023

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) is an effective catalytic process leading to well-defined polymers with desired properties. This process based on reversible deactivation of propagating chains has a lower rate in comparison with conventional radical polymerization, especially in the case of obtaining polymers with high molecular weights. Thus, the increase of the rate of this process with preserving control over molecular weight distribution is a challenging task. In this work, novel catalytic systems for Activators Generated by Electron Transfer (AGET) ATRP of acrylonitrile based on copper (II) bromide complexes were proposed. It was found that Rochelle salt (potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate) may be used as a reducing agent for regeneration of copper-based catalysts to increase the rate of the process. The provided UV-vis spectroscopy experiments have confirmed the reducing ability of tartaric anion. It was found that the use tandem catalytic system based on two copper complexes with different ligands also increases the polymerization rate. The performed experiments allowed us to develop a catalytic system for rapidly obtaining polyacrylonitrile polymers with desired molecular weights exceeding 100 kDa.
Three-Dimensionally Printed Zero-Valent Copper with Hierarchically Porous Structures as an Efficient Fenton-like Catalyst for Enhanced Degradation of Tetracycline
Authors: Guo Sheng , Chen Meng , Huang Yao , Wei Yu , Ali Jawad , Cai Chao , Wei Qingsong
Published: February 2023

Three-dimensionally printed materials show great performance and reliable stability in the removal of refractory organic pollutants in Fenton-like reactions. In this work, hierarchically porous zero-valent copper (3DHP-ZVC) was designed and fabricated via 3D printing and applied as a catalyst for the degradation of tetracycline (TC) through heterogeneous Fenton-like processes. It was found that the 3DHP-ZVC/H2O2 system could decompose over 93.2% of TC within 60 min, which is much superior to the homogeneous Cu2+/H2O2 system under similar conditions. The leaching concentration of Cu2+ ions in the 3DHP-ZVC/H2O2 system is 2.14 times lower than that in the Cu powder/H2O2 system in a neutral environment, which could be ascribed to the unique hierarchically porous structure of 3DHP-ZVC. Furthermore, 3DHP-ZVC exhibited compelling stability in 20 consecutive cycles. The effects of co-existing inorganic anions, adaptability, and pH resistance on the degradation of TC were also investigated. A series of experiments and characterizations revealed that Cu0 and superoxide radicals as reducing agents could facilitate the cycling of Cu(II)/Cu(I), thus enhancing the generation of hydroxyl radicals to degrade TC. This study provides new insights into employing promising 3D printing technology to develop high-reactivity, stable, and recycling-friendly components for wastewater treatment.
CO2 Methanation over Nickel Catalysts: Support Effects Investigated through Specific Activity and Operando IR Spectroscopy Measurements
Authors: González-Rangulan Vigni V. , Reyero Inés , Bimbela Fernando , Romero-Sarria Francisca , Daturi Marco , Gandía Luis M.
Published: February 2023

Renewed interest in CO2 methanation is due to its role within the framework of the Power-to-Methane processes. While the use of nickel-based catalysts for CO2 methanation is well stablished, the support is being subjected to thorough research due to its complex effects. The objective of this work was the study of the influence of the support with a series of catalysts supported on alumina, ceria, ceria–zirconia, and titania. Catalysts’ performance has been kinetically and spectroscopically evaluated over a wide range of temperatures (150–500 °C). The main results have shown remarkable differences among the catalysts as concerns Ni dispersion, metallic precursor reducibility, basic properties, and catalytic activity. Operando infrared spectroscopy measurements have evidenced the presence of almost the same type of adsorbed species during the course of the reaction, but with different relative intensities. The results indicate that using as support of Ni a reducible metal oxide that is capable of developing the basicity associated with medium-strength basic sites and a suitable balance between metallic sites and centers linked to the support leads to high CO2 methanation activity. In addition, the results obtained by operando FTIR spectroscopy suggest that CO2 methanation follows the formate pathway over the catalysts under consideration.
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals (K, Ca, Sr) Promoted Cu/SiO2 Catalyst for Hydrogenation of Methyl Acetate to Ethanol
Authors: Younis Muhammad Naeem , Ren Zhiheng , Li Chunshan , Wang Erqiang , Li Jie
Published: February 2023

The advancing effects of various alkali and alkaline earth metals (inclusive of K, Ca, and Sr) modified Cu/SiO2 catalysts, prepared with a modified precipitation-gel method, were investigated for the production of ethanol via hydrogenation of methyl acetate. Our results showed that Sr-doped catalysts exhibited the best and most consistent results during catalytic tests. A series of techniques, including X-ray diffraction technique, Raman spectroscopy, N2 adsorption/desorption, N2O titration method, FTIR spectroscopy, and H2 temperature, programmed desorption and reduction (TPD and TPR), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, which was used to check the detailed characterization of Sr modification in the catalyst and its structural impacts on the properties of the catalyst. These results demonstrated that the addition of 5%Sr could strengthen the intrinsic stability of the catalyst by formulating the appropriate ratio of Cu+/(Cu0 + Cu+) to facilitate catalytic outcome improvement. The addition of 5%Sr-30%Cu/SiO2 under the most favorable conditions, resulting in the peak conversion of MA (95%) and ethanol selectivity (96%), indicates its magnificent catalytic stabilizing effects. Furthermore, the best performing catalyst was compared and tested under various conditions (LHSV and temperatures) and a 300 h long life run.
Impact of Chronic Multi-Generational Exposure to an Environmentally Relevant Atrazine Concentration on Testicular Development and Function in Mice
Authors: Kolaitis Nicola D. , Finger Bethany J. , Merriner D. Jo , Nguyen Joseph , Houston Brendan J. , O’Bryan Moira K. , Stringer Jessica M. , Zerafa Nadeen , Nguyen Ngoc , Hutt Karla J. , Tarulli Gerard A. , Green Mark P.
Published: February 2023

A common herbicide, atrazine, is associated with poor health. Atrazine acts as an endocrine disruptor at supra-environmental levels. Little research, however, has been conducted regarding chronic exposure to environmental atrazine concentrations across generations. This study utilized comprehensive endpoint measures to investigate the effects of chronic exposure to a conservative atrazine concentration (0.02 ng/mL), measured in Australian waterways, on male mice fertility across two generations. Mice were exposed through the maternal line, from the pre-conception period and through the F1 and F2 generations until three or six months of age. Atrazine did not impact sperm function, testicular morphology nor germ cell parameters but did alter the expression of steroidogenic genes in the F1, down-regulating the expression of Cyp17a1 (Cytochrome P450 family 17, subfamily A member 1; p = 0.0008) and Ddx4 (DEAD-box helicase 4; p = 0.007), and up-regulating the expression of Star (Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein; p = 0.017). In the F2, atrazine induced up-regulation in the expression of Star (p = 0.016). The current study demonstrates that chronic exposure to an environmentally relevant atrazine concentration perturbs testicular steroid-associated gene expression that varies across generations. Future studies through the paternal and combined parental lineages should be undertaken to further elucidate the multigenerational effects of atrazine on male fertility.
Post-Stroke Environmental Enrichment Improves Neurogenesis and Cognitive Function and Reduces the Generation of Aberrant Neurons in the Mouse Hippocampus
Authors: Woitke Florus , Blank Antonia , Fleischer Anna-Lena , Zhang Shanshan , Lehmann Gina-Marie , Broesske Julius , Haase Madlen , Redecker Christoph , Schmeer Christian W. , Keiner Silke
Published: February 2023

Ischemic lesions stimulate adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, however, this is not associated with better cognitive function. Furthermore, increased neurogenesis is associated with the formation of aberrant neurons. In a previous study, we showed that a running task after a stroke not only increases neurogenesis but also the number of aberrant neurons without improving general performance. Here, we determined whether stimulation in an enriched environment after a lesion could increase neurogenesis and cognitive function without enhancing the number of aberrant neurons. After an ischemic stroke induced by MCAO, animals were transferred to an enriched environment containing a running wheel, tunnels and nest materials. A GFP-retroviral vector was delivered on day 3 post-stroke and a modified water maze test was performed 6 weeks after the lesion. We found that the enriched environment significantly increased the number of new neurons compared with the unstimulated stroke group but not the number of aberrant cells after a lesion. Increased neurogenesis after environmental enrichment was associated with improved cognitive function. Our study showed that early placement in an enriched environment after a stroke lesion markedly increased neurogenesis and flexible learning but not the formation of aberrant neurons, indicating that rehabilitative training, as a combination of running wheel training and enriched environment housing, improved functional and structural outcomes after a stroke.
Analysis of the Anticipatory Behavior Formation Mechanism Induced by Methamphetamine Using a Single Hair
Authors: Sato Riku , Kanai Megumi , Yoshida Yukina , Fukushima Shiori , Nogami Masahiro , Yamaguchi Takeshi , Iijima Norio , Sutherland Kenneth , Haga Sanae , Ozaki Michitaka , Hamada Kazuko , Hamada Toshiyuki
Published: February 2023

While the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) coordinates many daily rhythms, some circadian patterns of expression are controlled by SCN-independent systems. These include responses to daily methamphetamine (MAP) injections. Scheduled daily injections of MAP resulted in anticipatory activity, with an increase in locomotor activity immediately prior to the time of injection. The MAP-induced anticipatory behavior is associated with the induction and a phase advance in the expression rhythm of the clock gene Period1 (Per1). However, this unique formation mechanism of MAP-induced anticipatory behavior is not well understood. We recently developed a micro-photomultiplier tube (micro-PMT) system to detect a small amount of Per1 expression. In the present study, we used this system to measure the formation kinetics of MAP-induced anticipatory activity in a single whisker hair to reveal the underlying mechanism. Our results suggest that whisker hairs respond to daily MAP administration, and that Per1 expression is affected. We also found that elevated Per1 expression in a single whisker hair is associated with the occurrence of anticipatory behavior rhythm. The present results suggest that elevated Per1 expression in hairs might be a marker of anticipatory behavior formation.
Extracellular Vesicles and MicroRNA in Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: Meunier Mathieu , Laurin David , Park Sophie
Published: February 2023

The bone marrow niche plays an increasing role in the pathophysiogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes. More specifically, mesenchymal stromal cells, which can secrete extracellular vesicles and their miRNA contents, modulate the fate of hematopoietic stem cells leading to leukemogenesis. Extracellular vesicles can mediate their miRNA and protein contents between nearby cells but also in the plasma of the patients, being potent tools for diagnosis and prognostic markers in MDS. They can be targeted by antisense miRNA or by modulators of the secretion of extracellular vesicles and could lead to future therapeutic directions in MDS.
Doxorubicin—An Agent with Multiple Mechanisms of Anticancer Activity
Authors: Kciuk Mateusz , Gielecińska Adrianna , Mujwar Somdutt , Kołat Damian , Kałuzińska-Kołat Żaneta , Celik Ismail , Kontek Renata
Published: February 2023

Doxorubicin (DOX) constitutes the major constituent of anti-cancer treatment regimens currently in clinical use. However, the precise mechanisms of DOX’s action are not fully understood. Emerging evidence points to the pleiotropic anticancer activity of DOX, including its contribution to DNA damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis, senescence, autophagy, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis induction, as well as its immunomodulatory role. This review aims to collect information on the anticancer mechanisms of DOX as well as its influence on anti-tumor immune response, providing a rationale behind the importance of DOX in modern cancer therapy.
Gbb Regulates Blood Cell Proliferation and Differentiation through JNK and EGFR Signaling Pathways in the Drosophila Lymph Gland
Authors: Zhang Wenhao , Wang Dongmei , Si Jingjing , Jin Li Hua , Hao Yangguang
Published: February 2023

The Drosophila lymph gland is an ideal model for studying hematopoiesis, and unraveling the mechanisms of Drosophila hematopoiesis can improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of human hematopoietic malignancies. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is involved in a variety of biological processes and is highly conserved between Drosophila and mammals. Decapentaplegic (Dpp)/BMP signaling is known to limit posterior signaling center (PSC) cell proliferation by repressing the protooncogene dmyc. However, the role of two other TGF-β family ligands, Glass bottom boat (Gbb) and Screw (Scw), in Drosophila hematopoiesis is currently largely unknown. Here, we showed that the loss of Gbb in the cortical zone (CZ) induced lamellocyte differentiation by overactivation of the EGFR and JNK pathways and caused excessive differentiation of plasmatocytes, mainly by the hyperactivation of EGFR. Furthermore, we found that Gbb was also required for preventing the hyperproliferation of the lymph glands by inhibiting the overactivation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) pathways. These results further advance our understanding of the roles of Gbb protein and the BMP signaling in Drosophila hematopoiesis and the regulatory relationship between the BMP, EGFR, and JNK pathways in the proliferation and differentiation of lymph gland hemocytes.
Differential Expression of AP-2 Transcription Factors Family in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma—A Bioinformatics Study
Authors: Szmajda-Krygier Dagmara , Krygier Adrian , Żebrowska-Nawrocka Marta , Pietrzak Jacek , Świechowski Rafał , Wosiak Agnieszka , Jeleń Agnieszka , Balcerczak Ewa
Published: February 2023

Members of the activator protein 2 (AP-2) transcription factor (TF) family are known to play a role in both physiological processes and cancer development. The family comprises five DNA-binding proteins encoded by the TFAP2A to TFAP2E genes. Numerous scientific reports describe differential expression of these TF and their genes in various types of cancer, identifying among them a potential oncogene or suppressor like TFAP2A or TFAP2C. Other reports suggest their influence on disease development and progression, as well as response to treatment. Not all members of this AP-2 family have been comprehensively studied thus far. The aim of the present article is to gather and discuss knowledge available in bioinformatics databases regarding all five members of this family and to differentiate them in relation to the two most common lung cancer subtypes: adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). In addition, to assess the difference in levels depending on a number of clinicopathological factors, the impact on patient survival and interactions with tumor-infiltrating immune cells. This article may help to identify the target for further original research that may contribute to the discovery of new diagnostic biomarkers and define the molecular differences between LUAD and LUSC, which may affect the therapy effectiveness improvement and longer survival.
Challenges in Sustainable Beef Cattle Production: A Subset of Needed Advancements
Authors: Hubbart Jason A. , Blake Nathan , Holásková Ida , Mata Padrino Domingo , Walker Matthew , Wilson Matthew
Published: February 2023

Estimates of global population growth are often cited as a significant challenge for global food production. It is estimated that by 2050 there will be approximately two- billion additional people on earth, with the greatest proportion of that growth occurring in central Africa. To meet recommended future protein needs (60 g/d), approximately 120 million kg of protein must be produced daily. The production of ruminant meat (particularly beef cattle) offers the potential to aid in reaching increased global protein needs. However, advancements in beef cattle production are necessary to secure the industry’s future sustainability. This article draws attention to a subset of sustainable beef cattle production challenges, including the role of ruminant livestock in meeting global human protein needs, the environmental relationships of advanced beef cattle production, and big data and machine learning in beef cattle production. Considering the significant quantities of resources necessary to produce this form of protein, such advancements are not just a moral imperative but critical to developing advanced beef cattle production practices and predictive models that will reduce costs and liabilities and advance industry sustainability.
Current Worldwide Trends in Pediatric Helicobacter pylori Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Borka Balas Reka , Meliț Lorena Elena , Mărginean Cristina Oana
Published: February 2023

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has acquired several resistance mechanisms in order to escape the currently used eradication regimens such as mutations that impair the replication, recombination, and transcription of DNA; the antibiotics capability to interact with protein synthesis and ribosomal activity; the adequate redox state of bacterial cells; or the penicillin-binding proteins. The aim of this review was to identify the differences in pediatric H. pylori antimicrobial-resistance trends between continents and countries of the same continent. In Asian pediatric patients, the greatest antimicrobial resistance was found to metronidazole (>50%), probably due to its wide use for parasitic infections. Aside from the increased resistance to metronidazole, the reports from different Asian countries indicated also high resistance rates to clarithromycin, suggesting that ciprofloxacin-based eradication therapy and bismuth-based quadruple therapy might be optimal choices for the eradication of H. pylori in Asian pediatric population. The scarce evidence for America revealed that H. pylori strains display an increased resistance to clarithromycin (up to 79.6%), but not all studies agreed on this statement. Pediatric patients from Africa also presented the greatest resistance rate to metronidazole (91%), but the results in terms of amoxicillin remain contradictory. Nevertheless, the lowest resistance rates in most of the African studies were found for quinolones. Among European children, the most frequent antimicrobial resistance was also noticed for metronidazole and clarithromycin (up to 59% and 45%) but with a predominance for clarithromycin as compared to other continents. The differences in antibiotic use among continents and countries worldwide is clearly responsible for the discrepancies regarding H. pylori antimicrobial-resistance patterns, emphasizing the crucial role of global judicious antibiotic use in order to control the increasing resistance rates worldwide.
Newborn Care Practices and Associated Factors Influencing Their Health in a Northern Rural India
Authors: Islam Md Arfin , Khan Md Suhail , Khan Anas Ahmad , Narapureddy Bayapa Reddy , Lingala Kalyan Viswanath Reddy , Nasir Nazim , Muzammil Khursheed , Ahmad Irfan , Dawria Adam , Faheem Ahmed , Mohieldin Ali
Published: February 2023

Introduction: In developing countries, neonatal mortality is the most neglected health issue by the health system, leading to its emergence as a public health problem. A study was undertaken to assess the influence of factors and newborn care practices influencing newborn health in the rural area of Bareilly district. Methodology: The descriptive cross-sectional study was organized in the rural areas of Bareilly. Study participants were selected based on the mothers who gave birth to a baby during the last six months. The mothers who delivered in that area within six months were included and, using the semi-structured questionnaire, data were collected. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 2021 version for windows. Results: Out of 300 deliveries, nearly one-quarter of the deliveries, 66 (22%), were happening in homes, and most of the deliveries, 234 (78%), happened in hospitals. It was observed that unsafe cord care practices were observed more among nuclear families, 8 (53.4%), than joint families, 7 (46.6%), and it was found to be statistically insignificant. The Unsafe feed was given 48 (72.7%) more commonly among home deliveries than institutional deliveries 56 (23.9%). Mothers’ initiation of delayed breastfeeding was nearly the same in both home and hospital deliveries. Delayed bathing was observed in nearly three-fourths of mothers, 125 (70.1%), aged 24–29 years, followed by 29 (16.8%) in the age period of 30–35 years. Conclusion: The practice of essential newborn care still needs to improve in Bareilly; there is a need to create awareness among the mothers and family members on newborn and early neonatal care aspects, such as promoting exclusive and early initiation of breastfeeding and delayed bathing practices.
Quantification of the Diversity in Gene Structures Using the Principles of Polarization Mapping
Authors: Zimnyakov Dmitry , Alonova Marina , Skripal Anatoly , Dobdin Sergey , Feodorova Valentina
Published: February 2023

Results of computational analysis and visualization of differences in gene structures using polarization coding are presented. A two-dimensional phase screen, where each element of which corresponds to a specific basic nucleotide (adenine, cytosine, guanine, or thymine), displays the analyzed nucleotide sequence. Readout of the screen with a coherent beam characterized by a given polarization state forms a diffracted light field with a local polarization structure that is unique for the analyzed nucleotide sequence. This unique structure is described by spatial distributions of local values of the Stokes vector components. Analysis of these distributions allows the comparison of nucleotide sequences for different strains of pathogenic microorganisms and frequency analysis of the sequences. The possibilities of this polarization-based technique are illustrated by the model data obtained from a comparative analysis of the spike protein gene sequences for three different model variants (Wuhan, Delta, and Omicron) of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Various modifications of polarization encoding and analysis of gene structures and a possibility for instrumental implementation of the proposed method are discussed.
Creating the Cave: Conducting Circadian Science in Early Childhood
Authors: Hartstein Lauren E. , Wong Sachi D. , Abbas Leen , Choubai Sophia , Wilson Jonah N. , Jablin Trace , LeBourgeois Monique K.
Published: February 2023

In humans, physiological outputs of the body’s internal clock (i.e., saliva, serum, and temperature) can be collected to quantify the timing of the circadian system. In-lab assessment of salivary melatonin in a dimly lit environment is a common approach for adolescents and adults; however, the reliable measurement of melatonin onset in toddlers and preschoolers requires a modification of laboratory methods. For > 15 years, we have successfully collected data from ~250 in-home dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) assessments of children aged 2–5 years. Although in-home studies of circadian physiology may introduce a host of challenges and may increase the risk of incomplete data (e.g., accidental light exposure), in-home studies afford more comfort (e.g., less arousal in children) and flexibility for families. Here, we provide effective tools and strategies to assess children’s DLMO, a reliable marker of circadian timing, through a rigorous in-home protocol. We first describe our basic approach, including the study protocol, collection of actigraphy data, and strategies for training child participants to complete procedures. Next, we detail how to convert the home into a “cave”, or dim-light environment, and present guidelines for timing the salivary data collection. Lastly, we provide helpful tips to increase participants’ compliance based upon behavioral and developmental science tenets.
Mapping Social-Ecological-Oriented Dried Fish Value Chain: Evidence from Coastal Communities of Odisha and West Bengal in India
Authors: Pradhan Sisir , Nayak Prateep , Haque C.
Published: February 2023

The production and trade of dried fish are important sources of livelihood and employment for poor people engaged in the dried fish value chain. More importantly, half of them are women. Dried fish makes a significant contribution to the food and nutrition security of the poor because it is high in calcium and other vital micronutrients. Despite its importance, work on the dried fish value chain (DFVC) continues to focus on financial value creation and linear interactions among market actors that impede the recognition of human rights, justice, food security, and power across the entire value chain. Such a neoclassical perspective on DFVC tends to undermine the complex human-nature interactions that are contingent upon specific histories, people, places, and practices. Poor fishers and dried fish processors placed at the extractive end of the value chain hold low power in the market and remain vulnerable to changing social-ecological system dynamics. The recent work on a hybrid framework of social-ecological system-oriented dried fish value chain (SESDFVC) makes a departure from the conventional dried fish value chain framework. It values dynamic resource contexts, considers upstream actors as active collaborators, and expands the notion of value to include the social-ecological wellbeing of the value chain actors. This paper, with a mixed method research framework, provides an empirical outlook of the dried fish value chain in relation to SES attributes in the context of the eastern Indian coast of the Bay of Bengal, including Odisha and West Bengal, India.
Pullulan/Agar-Based Functional Film Containing Eucalyptus Essential Oil and Rutin
Authors: Roy Swarup , Rhim Jong-Whan
Published: February 2023

Biopolymer-based films were developed using a mixture of pullulan and agar, and the fabricated film was functionalized with bioactive functional components, Pickering emulsion of eucalyptus essential oil (PEU), and rutin. The color of the film with PEU and rutin supplemented was light yellow. As a result, the yellowness index increased while the whiteness index of the film reduced. The functional filler showed a biocompatibility with the pullulan/agar polymer matrix. The presence of bioactive functional materials enhanced the UV protection properties of the film. The films’ mechanical properties, vapor barrier properties, and thermal stability were not pointedly affected by the presence of essential oils and rutin alone or in combination. The presence of essential oils and rutin markedly enhanced the antioxidant activity of pullulan/agar-based films. Therefore, the bioactive functional film developed can be useful for active food packaging applications.
Enhanced Optically–Excited THz Wave Emission by GaAs Coated with a Rough ITO Thin Film
Authors: Sahoo Anup Kumar , Kang Shi-Ying , Yu Peichen , Pan Ci-Ling
Published: February 2023

In this study, we report enhancement of terahertz (THz) radiation with indium-tin-oxide (ITO) thin-film deposited on semi-insulating gallium arsenide substrate (SI-GaAs). The amplitude of THz emission from both ITO/SI-GaAs and bare SI-GaAs substrate as a function of optical pump (i) incident angle, (ii) polarization angle, and (iii) power were investigated. The enhancement of peak amplitude of a THz pulse transmitted through the ITO/SI-GaAs sample in comparison to bare SI-GaAs substrate varied from 100% to 0% when the pump incidence angle changed from 0° to 50°. The maximum enhancement ratio of peak amplitude for a coated sample relative to the bare substrate is approximately up to 2.5 times at the minimum pump intensity of 3.6 TW/m2 and gradually decreased to one at the maximum pump intensity of 20 TW/m2. From outcomes of these studies, together with data on surface and material characterization of the samples, we show that THz emission originates from the ITO/GaAs interfaces. Further, both interface-field-induced transient current and field-induced optical rectification contribute to the observed THz signal. Observed enhancement was tentatively attributed to surface-plasmon-induced local field enhancement, coupled with constructive interference of forward and retro-reflected backward THz emission from the ITO/GaAs interfaces. The polarity-flip reported previously for very thin Au-coated GaAs was not observed. This was explained by the wide-bandgap, transparency and lower free carriers of ITO. For best results, the incident angle should be in the range of 0 to 30° and the incident polarization should be 0 to 45°. We further predict that the ITO thin film of suitable thickness or with engineered nanostructures, post-annealed under optimum conditions may lead to further enhancement of THz radiation from ITO-coated semiconductor surfaces.
Study on Sintering Behavior of Reaction-Cured Glass Coating
Authors: Li Mingwei , Sun Yulei , Zeng Gang , Li Wenhao , Zhong Yesheng , Shi Liping , Wang Rongguo , He Xiaodong
Published: February 2023

High-emissivity coatings constitute an essential component of reusable thermal protection systems, determining the success or failure of hypersonic spacecraft. Reaction-cured glass coating is the basis for all current high-emissivity coatings, and the study of its sintering behavior is of great scientific significance for the development and performance enhancement of the coating. Microstructures and phase compositions of the samples before and after the sintering process were determined using SEM, XRD, and EDS. The sintering temperature, inserting temperature, and heating rate were systematically investigated. The results show that the effects of the sintering temperature, inserting temperature, and heating rate on the coating occur in decreasing order. The optimum condition for coating sintering in this study is an insertion temperature of 1100 °C, a heating rate of 10 °C/min, and a sintering temperature of 1200 °C, and a crack-free and containing SiB4 borosilicate glass coating was successfully prepared.
Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Piezoelectric Device for Energy Harvesting and Sensing Applications
Authors: Aleksandrova Mariya , Tudzharska Liliya , Nedelchev Krasimir , Kralov Ivan
Published: February 2023

Novel hybrid organic/inorganic flexible devices with composite films, consisting of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST), were prepared by inserting BST nanocoating under spray deposited Poly-vinylidene fluoride-based co-polymer PVDF-TrFE. The study validated that the crystalline structure of BST remains unaffected by the presence of polymer. The 3D atomic force microscopic image of the composite sample confirmed the improved surface roughness and contact conditions after spraying the polymer. As a result, the hybrid sample exhibited a higher polarization current with reduced impedance and parasitic inductance. The enhancement of the stability of the piezoelectric parameters at multiple bending was observed for the hybrid sample in comparison with the BST single film transducer. The drop of the root mean square (RMS) voltage was 70% after approximately 340,000 numbers of bending against less than 3% for the hybrid BST+PVDF-TrFE device. Due to the effect of the separate layers and summed net charges, the piezoelectric voltage of the hybrid device was competitive to the piezoelectric oxide films, despite the lower piezoelectric coefficient of the polymer. The proposed solution paves the path toward lead-free, wearable energy harvesting devices for low-power consuming electronic devices.
Blends of Chitosan and Water Kefir Grain Biomass Incorporated with Nanosilica
Authors: Marinho Carolina Oliveira , Marangoni Júnior Luís , Cecci Ricardo Rodrigo Ramos , Vieira Roniérik Pioli
Published: February 2023

The use of by-products from the food industry for the development of bioplastics represents an outstanding strategy in meeting current demands for material circularity. In this work, films based on chitosan (CH) and water kefir grain (WKG) biomass incorporated with different concentrations (3%–10% w/w) of nanosilica (SiO2) were developed for the first time. The key properties required for food packaging were assessed. There are no structural changes (FT-IR) upon nanosilica incorporation. However, the XRD analysis indicates a tendency toward an increase in the amorphous character of the films. For the films with higher proportions of nanosilica, the SEM images indicate particle agglomeration points. The control film (CH/WKG) experienced a 5% mass loss at 68.3 °C, while the CH/WKG10%SiO2 film showed the same mass reduction at 75.7 °C, indicating the nanoparticles increased the moisture-associated thermal stability of the films. The tensile strength was not significantly influenced by the incorporation of nanosilica, but there was an increase in elongation at break, from 25.01 ± 3.67% (CH/WKG) to 40.72 ± 4.89% (CH/WKG/3%SiO2), followed by a drastic reduction to 9.10 ± 1.99% (CH/WKG/10%SiO2). Overall, 3% of SiO2 may be the most promising concentration for CH/WKG blends in future application as sustainable alternatives for food packaging, since it is possible to improve properties, such as ductility and thermal stability, at this concentration without marked losses in the tensile strength of the films.
The Study of Surface Structure and the Tribological Property of DLC-Modified NBR Elastomers Using DC-MS
Authors: Wang Chuang , Xu Can , Wu Zhiyu , Wen Feng
Published: February 2023

The DLC film was prepared on a nitrile rubber (NBR) elastomer by DC magnetron sputtering (DC-MS), and the sp3 ratio of the DLC film was adjusted by changing the negative bias voltage applied to the substrate. The microstructure, composition, and tribological properties of the DLC films deposited on NBR substrates were systematically investigated. The results reveal that the DLC film on the NBR surface can protect the NBR and reduce the surface roughness of the NBR. While the bias voltage ranges from 0 V to −150 V, the content of sp3 increases with an increase in the negative bias voltage. The viscoelasticity and roughness of the NBR substrate will greatly affect the DLC film’s adhesion strength and tribological behavior.
Studies of New Layer Formation on the Surface of Zinc Doped Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Composite Coatings in Biological Medium
Authors: Motelica-Heino Mikael , Predoi Mihai Valentin , Ciobanu Steluta Carmen , Iconaru Simona Liliana , Predoi Daniela
Published: February 2023

Usually, before being used in biomedical applications, a biomaterials’ bioactivity is tested by in vitro methods that simulate similar conditions to those found in the human body. In this work, we report on the synthesis of zinc-doped hydroxyapatite–chitosan (ZnHApC) composite coatings by the vacuum deposition method. The surface microstructure and the chemical and molecular modification of the coatings before and after soaking in DMEM (Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium) were studied. For this objective, techniques such as attenuated total reflection (ATR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, metallographic microscopy (MM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were applied used. Also, water contact angle measurements and swelling studies were made on ZnHApC composite coatings before and after soaking in a biological medium. The coatings’ adherence to the substrate was also studied. The results of antifungal studies on ZnHApC composite coatings against the Candida albicans microbial strain reveal their good antifungal activity. The biocompatibility of the composite coatings was tested using a primary osteoblast cell line. Our results suggest that zinc-doped hydroxyapatite–chitosan samples could be used as a bioimplant material due to their enhanced bioactivity and biocompatibility.
Effect of One Sulfate-Reducing Bacterium SRB-Z Isolated from Pearl River on the Corrosion Behavior of Q235 Carbon Steel
Authors: Qi Hong , Shi Qingshan , Peng Ruqun , Sun Tingli , Zhang Zheng , Li Liangqiu , Xie Xiaobao
Published: February 2023

Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) have long been reported to participate in metal corrosion processes in anoxic environments. However, existing theories still need enrichment by identifying more corrosive microorganisms and exploring more plausible microbiologically-influenced corrosion pathways. In this study, a strain SRB-Z was isolated from the Pearl River in Guangzhou, and its effect and mechanisms on corrosion of Q235 carbon steel were examined. The biofilms, corrosion products, pits, and corrosion electrochemistry were characterized by SEM, XPS, CLSM, EDS, white light interferometer 3D profilometry, and electrochemical analysis, respectively. The results of this study indicate that SRB-Z could cause serious pitting of Q235 carbon steel. The maximum pit depth reached 54 μm after immersion corrosion for 7 days. Strain SRB-Z promoted the cathodic reaction rate of Q235. The relative analyses revealed that pitting corrosion occurred because of galvanic corrosion caused by the formation of an FeS-SRB/Fe galvanic couple under the synergistic effect of the SRB-Z biofilm and its metabolite (H2S) on the Q235 coupon surfaces.
The Crosslinking and Porosity Surface Effects of Photoetching Process on Immobilized Polymer-Based Titanium Dioxide for the Decolorization of Anionic Dye
Authors: Hamzah Siti Raihan , Rosli Muhammad Afiq , Natar Nadiah Sabihah , Ghani Nureel Imanina Abdul , Muhamad Nur Aien , Azami Mohammad Saifulddin , Ishak Mohd Azlan Mohd , Nordin Razif , Nawawi Wan Izhan
Published: February 2023

The textile industry is suffering a great challenge regarding wastewater management, primarily due to the implementation of improper systems, specifically for dye wastewater treatment. Photocatalysis is one of approaches that have been used to treat wastewater. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) was immobilized by using the dip-coating technique in this research. Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were used as a polymer to bind the TiO2 on the glass substrate. This immobilized TiO2/ENR/PVC underwent a photoetching process at various times to study the crosslink and porosity formations. Reactive red 4 dye was used as a model pollutant for photocatalytic performance. All immobilized TiO2/ENR/PVC samples under 12, 24 and 30 h of photoetching process (TEP12, TEP24 and TEP30 samples, respectively) showed higher photocatalytic activity compared to those without photoetching process (TEP0 sample) due to the intermediate charge in crosslinking reaction after the photoetching process. The TEP24 sample showed the highest photocatalytic degradation; light harvesting; photocatalytic degradation.
Abraham Solvation Parameter Model: Revised Predictive Expressions for Solute Transfer into Polydimethylsiloxane Based on Much Larger and Chemically Diverse Datasets
Authors: Zhou Amy , Longacre Laine , Motati Ramya , Acree William E.
Published: February 2023

Updated Abraham model correlations are reported for the transfer of organic solutes and inorganic gases to a polydimethylsiloxane coating from both water and the gas phase based on published experimental data for more than 220 different compounds. The derived mathematical expressions back-calculate the observed partitioning behavior to within standard deviations of the residuals of 0.206 and 0.176 log units, respectively.
A Long Short-Term Memory Network Using Resting-State Electroencephalogram to Predict Outcomes Following Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Mohd Noor Nor Safira Elaina , Ibrahim Haidi , Lai Chi Qin , Abdullah Jafri Malin
Published: February 2023

Although traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global public health issue, not all injuries necessitate additional hospitalisation. Thinking, memory, attention, personality, and movement can all be negatively impacted by TBI. However, only a small proportion of nonsevere TBIs necessitate prolonged observation. Clinicians would benefit from an electroencephalography (EEG)-based computational intelligence model for outcome prediction by having access to an evidence-based analysis that would allow them to securely discharge patients who are at minimal risk of TBI-related mortality. Despite the increasing popularity of EEG-based deep learning research to create predictive models with breakthrough performance, particularly in epilepsy prediction, its use in clinical decision making for the diagnosis and prognosis of TBI has not been as widely exploited. Therefore, utilising 60s segments of unprocessed resting-state EEG data as input, we suggest a long short-term memory (LSTM) network that can distinguish between improved and unimproved outcomes in moderate TBI patients. Complex feature extraction and selection are avoided in this architecture. The experimental results show that, with a classification accuracy of 87.50 ± 0.05%, the proposed prognostic model outperforms three related works. The results suggest that the proposed methodology is an efficient and reliable strategy to assist clinicians in creating an automated tool for predicting treatment outcomes from EEG signals.
The Origin of the Magnetic and Electric Dipole Moments of Ni2+ in NiCr2O4
Authors: Eremin Mikhail , Vasin Kirill
Published: February 2023

The energy level schema of the ground term of the nickel ion in NiCr2O4 was calculated. The parameters of the interaction with the electric field were determined, and the distribution pattern of the electric dipole moments over different positions of nickel in the unit cell was calculated. The model of the NiCr2O4 magnetoelectric structure at T < Tc was constructed taking into account the data on neutron scattering and the results of the electric polarization measurements. The origin of the magnetodielectric effect was attributed to the peculiarities of the ground state of the nickel ion.
Post-Instrumentation Dentinal Microcracks Induced by Two NiTi Rotary Systems with Increased Super Elasticity and Shape Memory: A MicroCT Comparative and Methodological Ex Vivo Study
Authors: Elmsmari Firas , Prina João Nuno , Morales Maria de las Nieves Perez , Olivieri Juan Gonzalo , Durán-Sindreu Fernando , González Sánchez José Antonio , Afrashtehfar Kelvin I.
Published: February 2023

This study aimed to determine the incidence of dentinal microcracks after instrumenting the root canals of maxillary premolars using two novel rotary instrumentation systems. Micro-computed tomography (microCT) scans and images generated by sectioning and observation with a stereomicroscope were used to assess the specimens. Twenty-two freshly extracted maxillary premolars were collected and the specimens were divided into two groups of eleven. The tested radicular shaping systems were XP-Endo shaper and TRUShape (i.e., single file). The specimens were scanned with microCT pre- and post-instrumentation, and the newly formed microcracks were detected. The post-instrumentation scans were also compared with images obtained by sectioning method and stereomicroscope inspection, comparing the incidence of microcracks in either microCT scans or images. The results identified an overall incidence of 0.49% of newly formed microcracks, with no statistically significant differences (p = 0.689) between the shaping systems (0.11% for TRUShape and 0.87% for XP-Endo shaper). There were statistically significant differences (p < 0.001) between the microcracks incidence in microCT scans and the sectioning method (16.6% more for the latter). In conclusion, the results show that neither TRUShape nor XP-Endo shaper created dentinal microcracks during root canal instrumentation. The sectioning method with stereomicroscope evaluation overestimates the presence of microcracks with a statistically significant difference compared to microCT scans.
Textile Functionalization by Porous Protein Crystal Conjugation and Guest Molecule Loading
Authors: Hartje Luke F. , Andales David A. , Gintner Lucas P. , Johnson Lucas B. , Li Yan V. , Snow Christopher D.
Published: February 2023

Protein crystals are versatile nanostructured materials that can be readily engineered for applications in nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology. Despite their versatility, the small size of typical individual protein crystals (less than one cubic mm) presents challenges for macroscale applications. One way to overcome this limitation is by immobilizing protein crystals onto larger substrates. Cotton is composed primarily of cellulose, the most common natural fiber in the world, and is routinely used in numerous material applications including textiles, explosives, paper, and bookbinding. Here, two types of protein crystals were conjugated to the cellulosic substrate of cotton fabric using a 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole/aldehyde mediated coupling protocol. The efficacy of this attachment was assessed via accelerated laundering and quantified by fluorescence imaging. The ability to load guest molecules of varying sizes into the scaffold structure of the conjugated protein crystals was also assessed. This work demonstrates the potential to create multifunctional textiles by incorporating diverse protein crystal scaffolds that can be infused with a multiplicity of useful guest molecules. Cargo molecule loading and release kinetics will depend on the size of the guest molecules as well as the protein crystal solvent channel geometry. Here, we demonstrate the loading of a small molecule dye into the small pores of hen egg white lysozyme crystals and a model enzyme into the 13-nm pores delimited by “CJ” crystals composed of an isoprenoid-binding protein from Campylerbacter jejuni.