bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Partition Quantitative Assessment (Pqa): A Quantitative Methodology to Assess the Embedded Noise in Clustered Omics and Systems Biology Data
Authors: Camacho-Hernández Diego A. , Nieto-Caballero Victor E. , León-Burguete José E. , Freyre-González Julio A.
Published: December 2020

Identifying groups that share common features among datasets through clustering analysis is a typical problem in many fields of science, particularly in post-omics and systems biology research. In respect of this, quantifying how a measure can cluster or organize intrinsic groups is important since currently there is no statistical evaluation of how ordered is, or how much noise is embedded in the resulting clustered vector. Many of the literature focuses on how well the clustering algorithm orders the data, with several measures regarding external and internal statistical measures; but none measure has been developed to statistically quantify the noise in an arranged vector posterior a clustering algorithm, i.e., how much of the clustering is due to randomness. Here, we present a quantitative methodology, based on autocorrelation, to assess this problem.
Model Estimation for Sars-Cov-2 Peak Contagion (Mespc): Brazil’s Case for the First and Second Wave
Authors: Asai Guilherme
Published: December 2020

With data for SARS-CoV-2 and with many countries entering the second wave of contagion required the improvement of the forecasting model, structuring its model to forecast the peak of the first and second contagion wave in Brazil. The Model Estimation for SARS-CoV-2 Peak Contagion (MESPC) was structured, capable of estimating the peak of contagion for SARS-CoV-2 in the first and second waves, as the main objective of this work. Using the MESPC model, it was possible to estimate, with a certain reliability degree, the peak of contagion for the first and second waves in Brazil, with one day difference from the real to the forecast. It is possible to use MESPC to forecast the peak of contagion for several regions, provided that the necessary structure and calibration are respected.
Maker culture and educational robotics in physics teaching: developing an automated traffic light in high school
Authors: Araujo Amilson , Silva Ivanderson Pereira da
Published: December 2020

In this study we explore the didactic potential of educational robotics for the construction of an interdisciplinary project for teaching Physics and teaching Mathematics, in the context of basic education. It is an account of interdisciplinary experience in which, through the pedagogy of projects, the use of robots in the construction of timed traffic lights (one for pedestrians and one for cars) was evidenced. This proposal involved students from the 1st, 2nd and 3rd years of high school, aged between 13 and 18 years, from the State School Álvaro Paes, located in the city of Coité do Nóia-AL. The project emerged from the initiative of teachers of Physics and Mathematics, in conjunction with the Robotics Group of the State Network of Alagoas, and in this sense took the concept of kinematics. The activities were developed on Saturdays during the academic year of 2017. It was evident, from this experience, that the contextualization of the classes through robotics projects, make the classes motivating, since the students were involved with the possibility of creating, from the concepts of Physics and Mathematics, in the moments, involving and bringing the subjects closer to a scientific practice. As an educational product, an article was prepared with an account of the practice of a robotics project developed in the classroom. Initially, the training of work teams for the construction and development of tasks in class was carried out. Then the students participated in robotics classes, understanding its fundamentals and its application within the disciplines of Physics and Mathematics, introducing the subject of traffic lights for the Traffic Light.
An Elderly Comorbid Patient with Atrial Fibrillation: What is Important to Know and What Should be Considered When Prescribing Anticoagulants?
Authors: Pavlova T. V.
Published: December 2020

Anticoagulant therapy in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation and concomitant diseases is often the challenge for clinicians. The high risk of stroke is inherent in atrial fibrillation, and it increases when combined with coronary heart disease and chronic kidney disease. On the other hand, the comorbidity increases the risk of bleeding. Older age is also the risk factor of thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications. As a consequence, the choice of specific anticoagulant should be based on a solid evidences, obtained both from randomized clinical trials and from daily clinical practice. In the ROCKET AF trail the direct oral anticoagulant rivaroxaban showed a tendency to reduce the risk of thromboembolism by 20% compared with warfarin in the patients aged 75 years and older. The safety of rivaroxaban has been evaluated in the XANTUS POOLED program. According to the follow-up results for 12 months, more than 96% of patients didn't have any adverse event, and the number of patients with major bleeding was 1.5%. Several meta-analyzes reported a reduction of cardiovascular complications in patients treated by rivaroxaban. In the ROCKET AF trail, a “renal” dose of rivaroxaban (15 mg OD) was studied in patients with chronic kidney disease. The efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban were validated in this patients, and a simple algorithm for selecting the dose of this drug in patients with chronic kidney disease was provided.
Thrombotic Lesion of the Pulmonary Vessels in Patients with Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Klimenko A. A. , Demidova N. A. , Shostak N. A. , Anischenko M. O.
Published: December 2020

After suffering pulmonary embolism (PE), doctors are confronted with various consequences of the disease, from asymptomatic residual pulmonary thrombosis to the formation of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). There is also a subgroup of patients who have undergone pulmonary embolism, who experience shortness of breath during physical exertion, absent before pulmonary embolism, or shortened dyspnea preceding PE, combined with residual thrombosis of pulmonary artery (PA) and normal average pressure in PA at rest during catheterization of the right heart (CRH). This condition is defined as chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease or post thromboembolic syndrome. Pathogenetic aspects of this condition are not fully investigated. It is important to predict the development of postembolic syndrome and to develop algorithms for the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of patients with symptoms and residual pulmonary thrombosis. In case of the development of pulmonary vasculopathy in some patients who have undergone pulmonary embolism, a severe life-threatening condition forms - CTEPH, characterized by an increase in pressure in the pulmonary artery, right heart failure due to the presence of organized blood clots that have entered the pulmonary vascular bed during PE. The volume of thrombotic masses does not always correlate with clinical symptoms, which indicates the importance of microvascular remodeling. If CTEPH is suspected, a diagnostic algorithm is required, including ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy, CT angiopulmonography and catheterization of the right heart. Treating a patient with CTEPH is a difficult task fora doctor. The timely referral of the patient to the center where they are involved in treatment, including surgery and CTEPH is extremely important. Timely performed thrombendarterectomy in some cases allows to completely cure the patient. In the case of inoperable CTEPH or residual pulmonary hypertension after thrombendarterectomy, balloon angioplasty of the PA is used as well as drug treatment with specific drugs that reduce the pressure in the PA (riociguat), endothelin receptor antagonists (bosentan, macitentan), prostanoids (inhalant illoprost) phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor and combined therapy. In this article we considered some consequences directly related to PE: asymptomatic residual pulmonary thrombosis, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
Adherence to Clinical Quidelines on Preoperative Assessment and Correction of Cardiovascular Risk in Non-cardiac Surgery
Authors: Nigmatkulova M. D. , Kleymenova E. B. , Yashina L. P. , Otdelenov V. A. , Payushchik S. A. , Konova O. D. , Sychev D. A.
Published: December 2020

Surgical care is associated with a high risk of complications. In 2014 the updated joint ESC/ESA guidelines on preoperative assessment and perioperative management of patients were published to improve patient safety in non-cardiac surgery. The increase in the adherence to clinical guidelines promotes the improving of the healthcare quality and safety improvement.Aim. To study physicians' level of adherence to ESC/ESA clinical guidelines for preoperative assessment and perioperative management of patients.Material and methods. A retrospective observational study included 102 patients admitted to Moscow general hospital from 01.03.2019 to 30.06.2018 for elective surgery. All of them underwent preoperative examination in outpatient department of the hospital and had at least one concomitant disease requiring drug therapy. The medical records data on the preoperative examination and perioperative treatment with beta-blockers, HMG CoA reductase inhibitors and angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors/ angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) were analyzed for compliance with the ESC/ESA guidelines.Results. A standardized cardiac risks assessment was not documented in the results of preoperative examination. Electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography and non-invasive stress tests were performed according to clinical guidelines in 100%, 77.8% and 25% of cases, respectively. Unnecessary ECG and echocardiography were prescribed in 50.5% and 72% of cases, respectively. Appropriate correction of ACE inhibitors/ARBs therapy was performed in 66.7% patients with congestive heart failure and only in 2.7% with arterial hypertension. In 19 patients with ischemic cardiac disease, 13 (84.2%) patients received HMG CoA reductase inhibitors and 16 (68.4%) ones received beta-blockers during hospitalization. Inappropriate omission of statins, beta-blockers and ACE inhibitors (ARBs) during hospitalization was registered in 22.2%, 11% and 4.9% patients, respectively.

Conclusion. The number of inappropriate ECGs and echocardiographies, as well as incorrect treatment with beta-blockers, HMG CoA reductase inhibitors and ACE inhibitors (ARBs) in perioperative period evidence that the adherence of physicians to the clinical guidelines on preoperative assessment and perioperative management of patients remains low.It is reasonably to develop risk-based interdisciplinary protocols for preoperative examination, algorithms for interdisciplinary communication and interaction between specialists and the healthcare levels, as well as physicians' education for better adherence to clinical guidelines.
Healthy Diet: New Rations for Individual Use
Authors: Shvabskaia O. B. , Karamnova N. S. , Izmailova O. V.
Published: December 2020

Nutrition is one of the most significant factors influencing the state of health, the development of diseases and the generally the human longevity. The nature of nutrition, which has a protective effect, is the basis of the healthy diet. Among healthy nutritious rations, there are those that have developed naturally, formed from the cultural food heritage and later were made in scientific nutritional recommendations. These are such diets as the Mediterranean type of food, the Scandinavian diet, the Tibetan style of food, etc. At the same time, there are diets specially developed by specialists for specific purposes. All of them correspond to the basic principles of the healthy diet: balance, usefulness and energy balance. This article offers an overview of the use of individual diets that have been developed by nutritionists, such as the intermittent fasting diet, the Paleo diet, and the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet. The article discusses the differences and advantages of these dietary approaches, presents the results of effectiveness, considers the limitations and features of their use.
The Effectiveness of Using Serious Games to Improve Physics Learning Outcomes in Light Concept
Authors: Haryadi Rudi , Pujiastuti Heni
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the results of the use of serious games in physics learning in light material at Serang 6 Public High School. The research design used was the Pre-Test Randomized Control Group Post-Test Design. The population of the study was all of the eleventh grade students’ of Serang SMA 6 which numbered six classes. The study sample consisted of one experimental class (XI MIPA 1) and one control class (XI MIPA 2). The results showed that the application of physics learning used a serious game on light material in class XI of Serang 6 High School which took place very well and had a positive effect on student learning outcomes. In addition, the students’ response to the application of physics learning using the serious game was very good. The N-gain result shows that the use of the serious game is 0.89.
The Effectiveness of Web-Based Assessment on Student’s Understanding of Concepts on Equilibrium and Rotation Dynamics
Authors: Pratama Neng Dyah Surya
Published: December 2020

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using a web-based assessment on students’ conceptual understanding of equilibrium and rotation dynamics. The method of collecting data using a quasi-experimental design with an experimental procedure is One-Group-Pretest-Posttest Design. The data analysis technique used descriptive statistical calculations in pretest, posttest, and N-gain scores. Besides, using different test paired sample t-test, effect size, and g-factor. The results other the pair results ed-sample t test showed-test the use of web-based assessment had a very large effect on students’ mastery of concepts as indicated by the difference in the pretest and posttest scores. With the g-factor, there is the effectiveness of learning using a web-based assessment, and there is an increase in scores due to treatment, and students’ initial ability does not influence it. With a correlation test for pretest and N-gain scores and a correlation test for pretest and posttest scores, web-based assessment effectively facilitates all students.
Model Pluralisme Agama Berbasis Kearifan Lokal “Desa Pancasila” di Lamongan
Authors: Azizah Imroatul , Kholis Nur , Huda Nurul
Published: December 2020

This article aims to reveal the role of local wisdom in realizing religious tolerance in Balun, Lamongan. Interviews were conducted with village leaders, leaders and youths of three religions and community representatives, totaling 10 informants selected purposively. All interviews were recorded and then transcripts of the interview results were afforded. Data analysis employed four stages: transcription, inventory, classification, and description. This study found that the Balun community succeeded in maintaining and strengthening religious tolerance. This strength is based on several local wisdoms, for example nyadran and prayer to the deceased, which are carried out together regardless of people religious background. This inclusive activity strengthens a sense of solidarity, cohesiveness and tolerance at Balun. Local wisdom in Balun is portrayed as an interfaith meeting, conflict resolution, and fostering communal solidarity. This research contributes to the scarcity of studies that reveal the role of local wisdom in society. Similar research worth doing in order to unravel other forms of local wisdom.
Kontribusi dan Peran KH. Hasyim Asy’ari dalam Membingkai Moderasi Beragama Berlandaskan al Quran dan Hadis di Indonesia
Authors: Farida Umma
Published: December 2020

This article aims to reveal the ideas of Kiai Hasyim Asy'ari in knitting the unity and framing the religious moderation based on the Quran and Hadith in Indonesia. His role is still relevant to study considering the life of Indonesian people until now still often confront and even contradict between religion and culture. Besides, the dichotomy between traditionalist and modernist Islam has strengthened once again in the internal circles of Muslims, which if it was not immediately found a solution, it can lead to divisions between them. This study uses qualitative methods and data collection uses documentation techniques to be analyzed descriptively-critically. This research shows that Kiai Hasyim Asy'ari played a significant role in uniting Muslims in particular and Indonesian society in general. He taught Islam by emphasizing the formation of character, politeness, gentleness, and moderate understanding of Islam as stated in his book Risalah Ahl as-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah. He also called for doing good to others despite being of different religions, loving the Prophet, and making unity, brotherhood, and tolerance as the foundation of moderation between religious communities in Indonesia.
Kiai Sebagai Figur Toleransi Kearifan Lokal di Lasem
Authors: Izzati Afina
Published: December 2020

This article wants to portray the role of Kyai as inspiration for tolerance in Lasem Central Java, Indonesia. Inter-religious tolerance as Lasem peoples' local wisdom. This research focuses on a complete picture of the phenomenon being studied. The approach used is a case study by exploring community interactions in the research object. In-depth interviews were done to get the data. The result of this research shows that tolerance is an appreciation and respect between individuals or groups with different backgrounds. The role of a kyai to raise people's tolerance, exemplify attitudes, and words to become a role model for the peoples of Lasem. An unwritten rule in the form of tolerance which has become a reference for the community in life and has become local wisdom in Lasem.
The Leadership in the Tariqah Qadiriyya wa Naqshbandiyya: Characteristics and Sustaining Doctrines
Authors: Widiyanto Asfa
Published: December 2020

This paper was devoting to exploring the nature of leadership in the Tariqah Qadiriyya wa Naqshbandiyya (TQN) by giving some particular attention to the develops of that Tariqah in Mranggen, Central Java. It will investigate the characteristics of the TQN leaders, the doctrines and traditions that sustaining this leadership. In order to develop the nature of leadership in the TQN, it also will be exploring the concept of leadership in Islamic mystical tradition as general. In the TQN, we come across several rituals which sustain the leadership: the rabita (bond with the master) which focuses on the master; a ritual that falls into the authority of the master as initiation; a notion which indicates the authority of the master as silsila; a notion which lies behind (and triggers) the attraction of the master to the people as baraka (blessing); and a tradition which indicates the veneration of the master as the hawliyya (death anniversary).
AHMAD ZIYAUDDIN GUMUSHANEVI DAN TRADISI STUDI HADIS DI TEKKE ABAD KE-19 TURKI
Authors: Munji Ahmad
Published: December 2020

Sebagai sebuah disiplin ilmu dalam Islam tasawuf seharusnya berkiblat pada dua sumber utama, yaitu al-Qur’an dan hadis. Tradisi ini pada dasarnya telah berlangsung lama sejak lahirnya tasawuf. Hal ini ditandai dengan munculnya ulama-ulama dalam tasawuf yang merupakan periwayat hadis. Namun pada perjalanannya, ulama tasawuf banyak sekali mengabaikan faktor kesahihan sebuah hadis yang mereka jadikan sebagai bahan dakwah dan pedoman ibadahnya. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menguak sebuah tradisi yang menarik antara tasawuf dan hadis di masa akhir kekaisaran Ottoman. Untuk membatasi periode supaya tidak melebar, pembahasan hanya akan berfokus pada abad 19 dan pada satu tokoh, Ahmad Ziyauddin Gumushanevi. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan historis dan metode deskriptif analitis, hasil kajian menyimpulkan bahwa Gumushanevi merupakan ulama tasawuf yang punya konsen terhadap kajian hadis. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan aktifitasnya dalam menulis karya seperti kumpulan hadis, syarah, dan kumpulan hadis arba’in yang menjadi trend ulama sebelumnya. Selain itu, Gumushanevi juga mempunyai kontribusi yang sangat besar terhadap keberlangsungan studi hadis di tengah masyarakat Ottoman melalui karya dan murid-muridnya.

 

[Ahmad Ziyauddin Gumushanevi and the Tradition of Hadith Study in Tekke 19th Century Turkey. As an Islamic science discipline, Sufism must be oriented towards two main sources, the Qur'an and hadith. In fact, this tradition has been going on for a long time since the birth of Sufism. This is correlated with the scales of the scholars in Sufism who are the narrators of hadith. However, on their journey, Sufism scholars neglect the validity of a hadith which they use as material for their new preaching and worship. This paper aims to uncover an interesting tradition between Sufism and hadith at the end of the Ottoman Empire. In order to cope with the non-widened period, the discussion will only focus on the 19th century and on one character, Ahmad Ziyauddin Gumushanevi. By using a historical approach and analytical descriptive method, the results of the study conclude that Gumushanevi is a Sufism scholar who has a concern about hadith studies. This is evidenced by his activities in writing works such as a collection of hadiths, sharhs, and collections of hadith arba’in which became the trend of previous scholars. In addition, Gumushanevi also had a very large contribution to the continuity of the study of hadith in Ottoman society through his works and students.]
Developing Physics E-Module Using “Construct 2” to Support Students' Independent Learning Skills
Authors: Nurhasnah Nurhasnah , Kasmita Windy , Aswirna Prima , Abshary Firsty Indah
Published: December 2020

This research is an e-module development that aims to support students' learning independence. One of the causes of the students' low learning independence is the lack of teaching materials that can support the students' learning independence. The use of teaching materials and monotonous methods make students lazy and bored in learning so that it impacts the independence of learning. Research and development method of plomp models used in this study which consists of a preliminary research stage (Preliminary Research), the design phase or prototype (Development of Prototype phase), and the assessment phase. The research This research was conducted at a high school in the city of Padang class XI IPA. The validity test was given to 2 material expert lecturers, 2 media expert lecturers, and 1 linguist lecturer, and tested by 2 educators and 15 students for practicality, and 20 students for effectiveness. The results of this study are said to be very valid with a value of 90.66, very practical with a value of 94.5, and very effective with a value of 89.2. Based on data acquisition, it appears that the E-Module physics uses “Construct 2” to support the learning independence of students categorized as very valid, very practical, and very effective in learning physics.
The Effectiveness of Science Multimedia Interactive Based on Aurora 3D Presentation on Student Learning Outcomes
Authors: Suhardi Andi , Rosalina Sevie Safitri , Sutrisno Nina
Published: December 2020

This research aims to study significant differences between learning by using interactive multimedia based on Aurora 3D Presentation with conventional methods on student learning outcomes in Environmental pollution material. This type of research is a quantitative study using a research design consisting of a post-test control group. The sample in this study was grade VII students of SMP Negeri 1 Jember. There are two groups namely the experimental group taken from class VII C and the control group taken from class VII A which is determined by a purposive sampling technique. The instrument  to collect data using a post-test. Analysis of the data used is a t-test consisting of independent sample t-tests. Based on the t-test on student learning outcomes through the post-test, the t-count value was 2.015 and the t-table value was 1.669. Because t-count is greater than t-table, The use of Aurora 3D Presentation in learning is effective for the subject environmental pollution at the Seventh Grade of junior high school students.
Analisis gaya kepemimpinan transformasional terhadap kinerja karyawan yang dimediasi komitmen kerja
Authors: Hidayat Rahmad , Sarwoko Endi , Graha Andi Nu
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of transformational leadership on employee performance and to analyze the mediating role of work commitment. This research is a type of quantitative research, using a questionnaire arranged with a 5 point Likert scale. The research variables consisted of transformational leadership as an exogenous variable, employee performance as an endogenous variable, and work commitment while the mediating variable. The research sample was 80 employees of PT. Kalbe Farma, Tbk. The data analysis technique uses path analysis. The results showed that transformational leadership has a direct effect on employee performance. Other findings indicate that work commitment acts as a partial mediator of the relationship between transformational leadership and employee performance. Future research can develop research by including the role of organizational culture as a factor influencing commitment and performance.
Strategi Peningkatan Produktivitas Kopi serta Adaptasi terhadap Variabilitas dan Perubahan Iklim melalui Kalender Budidaya
Authors: Sarvina Yeli , June Tania , Surmaini Elza , Nurmalina Rita , Hadi Sutjahjo Surjono
Published: December 2020

Abstrak. Rendahnya produktivitas kopi merupakan salah satu permasalahan utama dalam sistem produksi kopi Indonesia. Hal ini diantaranya disebabkan tidak adanya perawatan kopi yang optimal dengan memperhatikan fase fenologi kopi, serta dampak variabilitas dan perubahan iklim. Berbagai teknologi adaptasi kopi sudah banyak dihasilkan namun langkah adaptasi dengan memanfaatkan prakiraan iklim dalam bentuk penyesuian kegiatan budidaya dengan fase fenologi atau disebut sebagai kalender budidaya belum dikembangkan. Tulisan ini memaparkan tentang dampak variabilitas dan perubahan iklim pada tanaman kopi, teknologi adaptasi kopi yang sudah tersedia, perlunya pengembangan kalender budidaya kopi sebagai bentuk strategi adaptasi dan peningkatan produktivitas serta potensi dan tantangan pengembangan kalender budidaya kopi di Indonesia. Hasil review ini menunjukkan kalender budidaya kopi berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai strategi peningkatan produktivitas serta adaptasi terhadap variabilitas dan perubahan iklim.

 

Abstract. Low productivity is one of the main challenges in Indonesia's coffee production system .It is low due to cultivation management; most of the coffee farmer does not manage their plantation base on the coffee phenology phase.  Moreover climate variability and change also have important effect on coffee productivity. Various technologies on adaptation and measurement to climate change and variability have been identified. Unfortunately, the technology which use climate forecast through adjusting cultivation activity and coffee phenology called as cultivation calendar do not exist yet. This paper provides an overview on the impact of climate variability and change to coffee production, the existing adaptation strategy, and the importance of cultivation calendar as a strategy for adapting and increasing productivity, and the potential and challenges to develop cultivation calendar in Indonesia. This review reveals that coffee cultivation calendar is a potential strategy for increaseing productivity and adapting climate change and variability.
Salinisasi Lahan dan Permasalahannya di Indonesia
Authors: Karolinoerita Vicca , Annisa Wahida
Published: December 2020

Abstrak. Salinisasi tanah merupakan proses peningkatan kadar garam mudah larut di dalam tanah sehingga terbentuk lahan salin. Salinitas adalah salah satu cekaman abiotik yang mengakibatkan berkurangnya hasil dan produktivitas tanaman pertanian. Setiap tahun luas lahan sawah yang ditinggalkan petani akibat mengalami salinisasi terus meningkat. Di Indonesia salinitas umumnya terjadi di lahan pertanian dekat pantai, disebabkan karena kenaikan permukaan laut akibat perubahan iklim. Diperkirakan lahan dekat pantai yang rentan mengalami salinitas seluas 12,020 juta ha atau 6,20% dari total daratan Indonesia. Problem salinitas pada pertanian beririgasi sering terkait dengan muka air tanah. Peningkatan kapilaritas dari muka air tanah dangkal akan membawa kembali garam-garam masuk ke daerah perakaran dan menjadi suatu sumber garam berkelanjutan. sedangkan salinitas di lahan rawa pasang surut dipengaruhi oleh pergerakan pasang surut air laut dengan tingkat salinitas yang bervariasi. Tanaman mempunyai kisaran toleransi tertentu terhadap perubahan bahkan cekaman lingkungan untuk selanjutnya dapat beradaptasi, termasuk pada cekaman salinitas. Kondisi biofisik dan kimia lahan sawah terdampak yang tidak menguntungkan tanaman tersebut memerlukan upaya pengelolaan lahan dan sistem budidaya tanaman secara tepat agar dicapai tingkat produksi yang optimal.

 

Abstract. Soil salinization is the process of increasing the soluble salt content in the soil to form a saline soil. Salinity is an abiotic stress that results in reducing yield and productivity of agricultural crops. The area of paddy fields left by farmers as a result of experiencing salinization continues to increase every tear. In Indonesia, salinity generally occurs in agricultural land near the coast, caused by sea level rise due to climate change.  It is estimated that land near the coast that is prone to experiencing salinity is 12.020 million ha or 6.20% of the total land area of Indonesia. The problem of salinity in irrigated agriculture is often related to the water table. The increase in capillarity from shallow groundwater levels will bring back salts into the root zone and become a continuous salt source.  Salinity in tidal swamps is influenced by the tidal movement of sea water with varying salinity levels. Plants have a certain tolerance range to the changes and even environmental stress so that they can then adapt, including to salinity stress. The biophysical and chemical conditions of the affected paddy fields that are not beneficial to the plant, requires proper land management and crop cultivation systems in order to achieve optimal production levels.
A Hypothesis about the Predominantly Gravitational Nature of Redshift in the Electromagnetic Spectra of Space Objects
Authors: Tiguntsev Stepan
Published: December 2020

The study theoretically substantiates the relationship between the redshift in the electromagnetic spectrum of space objects and their gravity and demonstrates it with computational experiments. Redshift, in this case, is a consequence of a decrease in the speed of the photons emitted from the surface of objects, which is caused by the gravity of these objects. The decline in the speed of photons due to the gravity of space gravitating object (GO) is defined as ΔC = C-C ', where: C' is the photon speed changed by the time the receiver records it. Then, at a change in the photon speed between a stationary source and a receiver, the redshift factor is determined as Z = (C-C ')/C'. Computational experiments determined the gravitational redshift of the Earth, the Sun, a neutron star, and a quasar. Graph of the relationship between the redshift and the ratio of sizes to the mass of any space GOs was obtained. The findings indicate that the distance to space objects does not depend on the redshift of these objects.
Levosimendan prevents tau pathology by inhibiting disulfide-linked tau oligomerization posing as a promising anti-tau therapeutics
Authors: Kim Yun Kyung , Lim Sungsu , Shin Seulgi , Lee Ha Eun , Song Ji Yeon , Sung Yoonsik , Lee Gwan-Ho , Yu Byung-Yong , Aziz Hira , Lukianenko Nataliia , Kim Kyu Hyeon , Jeong Hyeanjeong , Lim Sang Min , Lee Jun-Seok , Pae Ae Nim
Published: December 2020

Tau oligomers play critical roles in tau pathology, responsible for neuronal cell death and transmitting the disease in the brain. Accordingly, preventing tau oligomerization becomes an important therapeutic strategy to treat tauopathies including Alzheimer’s disease, however progress has been slow due to difficulties of detecting tau oligomers in cellular context. Toward tau-targeted drug discovery, our group have developed a tau-BiFC platform to monitor and quantify tau oligomerization. By using the tau-BiFC platform, we screened 1,018 compounds in FDA-approved & Passed Phase I drug library, and identified levosimendan as a potent anti-tau agent inhibiting tau oligomerization. 14C-isotope labeling of levosimendan identified that levosimendan covalently bound to tau cysteines, directly inhibiting disulfide-linked tau oligomerization. In addition, levosimendan was able to disassemble tau oligomers into monomers, and rescuing neurons from aggregation states. In comparison, the well-known anti-tau agents, methylene blue (MB) and LMTM, failed to protect neurons from tau-mediated toxicity, generating high-molecular weight tau oligomers. The administration of levosimendan also suppressed tau pathology in the brain, preventing cognitive declines in TauP301L-BiFC transgenic mice. Although careful validation is required, here we present the potential of levosimendan as a disease modifying therapy for tauopathies targeting tau oligomerization.
Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effects Extracts From Elaeagnus Angustifolia,satureja Montana, Quercus Brantii, Tragopogon Dubius, Sonchus Asper, on the P.aeruginosa and S.aureus
Authors: Hosseini Razieh Sadat , khaledi Mansoor , Gholipour Abolfazl
Published: December 2020

Background: Due to the increase in microbial resistance worldwide and the adverse effects of chemical drugs, the study of antimicrobial compounds in plant extracts as a new source of medicine can be effective in reducing or solving this problem. The purpose of this study antibacterial and antibiofilm effects extracts from Elaeagnus angustifolia,satureja montana, Quercus brantii,Tragopogon dubius,Sonchus asper, on the P.aeruginosa and S.aureus Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, the study population is plants collected in Isfahan and Shahrekord and Pseudomonas and S.aureus bacteria isolated from clinical samples and standard strains. The sampling method was improbably simple and 120g was collected from each of the 9 plants and extracted by massage method. For the qualitative evaluation of antimicrobial properties, you used the agar well diffusion method and for quantitative evaluation of antimicrobial properties, you used the plate microtiter method. To evaluate the anti-biofilm properties, plate microtiter method, and staining by violet crystal were used. Results: Based on the findings of this study and the study of MBC and MIC of the mentioned plant extracts, it can be said that the best antibacterial effect on all studied strains belongs to the plant extracts of Quercus brantii, Elaeagnus angustifolia, satureja montana, Tragopogon dubius, and Sonchus asper, respectively. Among them, Quercus brantii extract has the best effect on all 4 strains. Also, in the study of anti-biofilm properties, it was observed that the Quercus brantii, satureja montana, and Elaeagnus angustifolia plant extracts had an anti-biofilm effect. Among them, respectively, the most belonging to the Quercus brantii, and the two extracts of Tragopogon dubius, and Sonchus asper do not have good anti-biofilm properties.Conclusions: According to the results of this study on the antimicrobial and antifouling properties of these extracts, it is possible to use this plant in the future with more studies and more work on these plants.
Genome-Wide Analysis of PR-1 Genes From Piper Nigrum Reveals Critical Role in Defense Response During Phytophthora Capsici Infection
Authors: Kattupalli Divya , Sriniva Asha , V Soniya E
Published: December 2020

Background: Black pepper is a prominent spice which is an indispensable ingredient in culinary and traditional medicine. Phytophthora capsici, the causative agent of foot rot disease causes drastic constraint in black pepper cultivation and productivity. To counterattack various biotic and abiotic stresses plants employ a broad array of mechanisms one such includes the accumulation of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. Several studies have reported the role of PR-1 proteins in triggering the plant defenses during plant-oomycete interaction.Results: Through the genome-wide survey, eleven PR-1 genes that belongs to a CAP superfamily protein with Caveolin-Binding Motif (CBM) and CAP-derived peptide (CAPE) were identified from P. nigrum. Despite the critical functional domains, PnPR1 homologs differ in their signal peptide motifs, and core amino acid sequence composition in the functional protein domains. The GO, biological function analysis reveals their role in defense responses and response to biotic stimulus whereas the KEGG functional annotation predicted their function in the plant-pathogen interactions. Furthermore, transcriptome-assisted FPKM analysis revealed PnPR-1 genes mapped to P. nigrum - P. capsici interaction pathway. The differentially expressed pathogen-responsive PR-1 gene was validated through qRT-PCR. Subsequent analysis revealed the structural details, phylogenetic relationships, conserved sequence motifs and critical cis-regulatory elements of PnPR-1 genes.Conclusion: This is the first genome-wide study that identified the role of PR-1 genes during P. nigrum - P. capsici interactions. The detailed in silico experimental analysis revealed the vital role of PnPR-1 genes in regulating the first layer of defense towards P. capsici infection in Panniyur-1 plants.
The epidemiology, risk factors, mortality rate, diagnosis, etiologies and treatment of neonatal respiratory distress: a scoping review
Authors: Tochie Joel Noutakdie , Sibetcheu Aurelie T. , Danwang Celestin , Mbonda Aime Noula , Kamla Igor , Ayissi Gregory , Nkeck Jan René , Ngwanou Dany Hermann , Temgoua Mazou Ngou
Published: December 2020

Background: Quite a tricky day-to-day clinical condition which may present as the first alarming sign of a life-threatening pathology, neonatal respiratory distress (NRD) remains an emergency until its etiology is diagnosed and appropriate treated delivered to the neonate. While the prevalence, risk factors, etiologies, diagnosis and management of this potentially fatal neonatal condition has not been examined extensively, the objective of this scoping review is to synthesise contemporary studies on the prevalence, risk factors, etiologies, diagnosis and management of NRD. Methods: We searched MEDLINE and Google Scholar up to November 13, 2020 for observational and experimental studies and systematic reviews addressing NRD without language restriction. Eight investigators working in four pairs independently selected and extracted relevant data. The methodological quality of all included studies was assessed.Results: We included 81 studies eligible with a total of 511,158 neonates from 21 countries across the world. The risk of bias was low in 61 (75%), moderate in 14 (17%), and high in six (8%) studies. The prevalence of NRD ranged from 0.21 to 84.8% and the highest prevalence rates were observed in Saudi Arabia (78.5%) and Iraq (84.8%). Its highest reported case fatality rates were in Sudan (36%) and India (47.1%). Predisposing factors included prematurity, male gender, low and high birth weights, low socio-economic status, smoking, infectious anamneses, diabetes mellitus, antepartum haemorrhage, cesarean delivery, fetal distress, anesthetic drugs and meconium stained amniotic fluid. Attending four or more antenatal care visits conveyed protection against NRD. Its diagnosis was mainly clinical using the Silverman-Anderson score. Its leading etiology was neonatal infection followed by transient tachypnoea of the newborn and hyaline membrane disease. With regards to its management, it is widely recommended to start with resuscitation followed by specific management of the etiology of NRD by medical or surgical measures or both. Conclusion: The prevalence and mortality rates of NRD are alarming, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Most of its risk factors are preventable. Neonatal infections is the leading cause of NRD. Overall, we have presented an updated overview of NRD which should serve to ameliorate its healthcare.
One Thing at a Time… Timeliness of Rehabilitation for Sexual Problems in Men With Prostate Cancer
Authors: Dieperink Karin B. , Mortensen Mike Allan , Zwisler Ann-Dorthe Olsen , Herrstedt Jørn , Hansen Dorte Gilså , Lund Lars
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveThe randomised clinical trial ProCaRe (Prostate Cancer Rehabilitation) aimed to test the effect of sexual pre-habilitation in prostate cancer patients treated with radiotherapy concomitant with androgen deprivation therapy.We planned recruitment of 92 participants. The complex intervention designed with previously treated patients and partners included sexual counselling, penile rehabilitation and supervised exercise in groups. The primary outcome was sexual functioning measured by the International Index of Erectile Function Score (IIEF-5). The secondary outcomes included a reduction in irritative urinary problems and improvement in quality of life.ResultsWe identified eight eligible patients among nine screened between January 22th and June 1st, 2018. Among these patients, three accepted study enrollment but one withdrew because of a lack of energy. The study was closed because of slow recruitment, i.e. a low number of eligible patients and low participation rate (38%) according to the timeframe and intervention planned. The study had a strong design but was not sufficiently pilot-tested because the study site had too few eligible patients. Furthermore, at this early time of the disease trajectory, sexual rehabilitation was not perceived relevant to the patients or prioritised. Future studies should be co-designed with patients more representative for the target group.
Transcriptomic Profiling of Fe-Responsive lncRNAs and Their Regulation in Rice
Authors: Wang Shoudong , Sun Shuo , Guo Runze , Liao Wenying , Shou Huixia
Published: December 2020

Background Iron (Fe) plays a vital role in various cellular processes in plants, including biosynthesis of chlorophyll, photosynthesis and respiration. Fe deficiency directly affects crop growth and development, ultimately resulting in reduced crop yield and quality. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently been demonstrated to play critical regulatory roles in a multitude of pathways across numerous species. However, systematic screening of lncRNAs responding to Fe deficiency in plants has not been reported. Results In this work, lncRNAs responsive to Fe deficiency were identified across the rice genome by strand-specific RNA sequencing. In total, 6,477 lncRNAs were identified. In Fe-deficient conditions, 47 lncRNAs were up-regulated and 33 lncRNAs were down-regulated in shoots, while 89 lncRNAs were up-regulated and 32 lncRNAs were down-regulated in roots, compared to normal conditions. Two lncRNAs (XLOC_010112 and XLOC_053944) were identified as potential miRNA precursors and another two (XLOC_012715 and XLOC_054182) as miRNA target mimics that may participate in Fe regulation. A number of differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE-lncRNAs) are likely to modulate the expression of Fe-related genes via a cis- or trans-regulation mode, including 3 DE-lncRNAs (XLOC_034336, XLOC_037283 and XLOC_043545) located nearby OsbHLH156 and OsHRZ2 genomic regions. Seventy-six DE-lncRNAs were found to be regulated by bHLH156 at the transcriptional level. Conclusions This study provides a first profile of lncRNA expression as well as identifies the lncRNAs likely to play important roles in the regulation of Fe homeostasis. This identification and characterization form an important basis for understanding Fe regulatory networks in rice.
Patterns of Physical Activity and Their Relationship With Depression Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Shanghai, China: A Latent Class Approach
Authors: Liang Yan , Li Xinghui , Yang Tingting , Li Mengying , Ruan Ye , Yang Yinghua , Huang Yanyan , Jiang Yihua , Wang Ying
Published: December 2020

Background: Few studies have explored patterns of physical activity (PA) and examined their relationship with depression among community-dwelling older adults. An understanding of PA patterns in this population may have implications for the development of community interventions, both to support beneficial patterns of PA and to target specific latent classes of community-dwelling older adults.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey study in the Minhang district, Shanghai, China, in August 2019, and used a self-administered questionnaire to collect data through home visits. The total sample included 2,525 older adults. This study used the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) to assess the quantity of PA in older adults. Depression was evaluated with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify subpopulations by shared item response patterns. Logistic regressions were performed to estimate the relationship between PASE score, patterns of PA, and depression.Results: Four latent classes were identified: “domestic types,” “athletic types,” “gardening/caring types,” and “walkers.” PASE scores and latent class predicted depression independently. Older adults who were the most active (PASE quartile: 75–100%) and the athletic types had the strongest significant association with depression (relative risk = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.06–0.68), followed by those who were the most active (PASE quartile: 75–100%) and the walkers (relative risk = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.14–0.57) when compared with older adults with the least activity (PASE quartile: 0–25%) and domestic types. Older adults who were the most active (PASE quartile: 75–100%) and the gardening/caring types were most likely to be depressed (relative risk = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.03–2.69).Conclusion: This study suggests an overall protective effect of physical activity on depression among community-dwelling older adults. Population-level intervention should combine being athletic with other patterns of physical activity. To develop individual-level tailored interventions, more attention should be paid to older adults who are highly engaged in caring for others.