bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biochemical and histological study of traditional plant: Dodonaea viscosa Linn extracts in diabetic rats
Authors:   Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India, Rani M. Sandhya , Venkatesh P. ,   Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali, Punjab, India, Pippalla Rao. S. ,   Department of Pharmacy, TP College of Pharmacy, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Andhrapradesh, India, Mohan G. Krishna ,   Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
Published: March 2022

Aim of this study was to evaluate the individual biochemical changes of leaf extracts of Dodonaea viscose-A traditional plant in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Methanol and chloroform extract of Dodonaea viscosa were obtained by cold maceration and were administered to alloxan induced diabetic albino rats. Parameters including blood glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, protein, urea, creatinine, SGPT, SGOT were checked using standard test kits and methods after administration of extracts. Histological changes in pancreas and liver of the animal were also examined. Extract treated groups shown reduction in blood glucose level to normal. Increased levels of all other biochemical parameters like SGPT, SGOT, Triglycerides, Cholesterol, Protein, Creatinine and Urea with alloxan treatment have been significantly reduced in extract treated groups. Histological changes supported this claim. Finally, the implications of results after administration of the extracts show their potential use in management of diabetes.
In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of Garcinia indica fruit rind (Kokum) in rats
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Prin. K. M. Kundnani College of Pharmacy, Colaba, Mumbai 400005 India, Panda Vandana Sanjeev , Islam Aneesul ,   Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Prin. K. M. Kundnani College of Pharmacy, Colaba, Mumbai 400005 India
Published: March 2022

The aqueous extract of Garcinia indica fruit rind (GIE) was studied for anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan induced paw edema and cotton pellet induced granuloma in rats. Wistar rats were orally administered GIE (400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg) and the standard drug diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg) 60 min prior to a subcutaneous injection of carrageenan (0.1 ml of 1% w/v) into their right hind paws to produce edema. The paw volumes were measured at various time intervals to assess the effect of drug treatment. In the granuloma model, 4 sterile cotton pellets were implanted in the ventral region in each rat. GIE (400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg) and the standard drug diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg) were administered orally for 8 days to the pellet implanted rats. The granuloma tissue formation was calculated from the dissected pellets and the activities of the marker enzymes AST, ALT and ALP were assayed from the serum. A significant reduction in paw edema and cotton pellet granuloma was observed with GIE treatment when compared with the carrageenan treated and cotton pellet implanted animals respectively. GIE treatment significantly attenuated the AST, ALT & ALP activities elevated by foreign body granulomas provoked in rats by the subcutaneous implantation of cotton pellets. It may be concluded that GIE possesses anti-inflammatory activity which may be due to an underlying antioxidant activity and/ or lysosomal membrane stabilization by virtue of its phenolic constituents.
Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Cardiospermum halicacabum L. leaf extract and their characterization
Authors:   Biotechnology Unit, K.M. Centre for P.G. Studies, Pondicherry 605008, India, Shekhawat Mahipal S. , Manokari M. ,   Biotechnology Unit, K.M. Centre for P.G. Studies, Pondicherry 605008, India, Kannan N. ,   Biotechnology Unit, K.M. Centre for P.G. Studies, Pondicherry 605008, India, Revathi J. ,   Biotechnology Unit, K.M. Centre for P.G. Studies, Pondicherry 605008, India, Latha R. ,   Biotechnology Unit, K.M. Centre for P.G. Studies, Pondicherry 605008, India
Published: March 2022

Present study reports the biogenesis of silver nanoparticles from the leaves of Cardiospermum halicacabum L. and their characterization. C. halicacabum has been used in traditional medicines but so far it has not been tested for synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The aqueous silver ions exposed to the herbal extract, which were reduced and the nanoparticles were synthesized. The presence of nanoparticles was confirmed by the formation of brown color of the reaction mixture. The brown color was observed after 25 minutes. The silver nanoparticules qualitatively characterized by UV-Visible spectrophotometer. A sharp peak was observed in between 422nm to 447nm indicates formation of silver nanoparticles.
Natural dyeing of fabrics using Quercus robur L. (fruit cups) dye and Punica granatum L. (peel) mordant
Authors:   Division of Environmental Science, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir- 191121, India, Geelani Syed Maqbool , Ara Shoukat ,   Division of Environmental Science, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir- 191121, India, A.Mir Naseer ,   Faculty of Forestry, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir- 191121, India, Bhat S. J. A. ,   Faculty of Forestry, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir- 191121, India, Mishra P.K. ,   Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh221005, India, Hameed O. M ,   Division of Post Harvest Technology, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir191121, India, Qazi Gazala ,   Division of Environmental Science, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir- 191121, India
Published: March 2022

Investigation was carried out to study the dyeing quality of Quercus robur L. (fruit cups) and Punica granatum L. (peel) mordant for the dyeing of wool and cotton fabrics. The fabrics were dyed both excluding and including the mordant by adopting different mordanting methods. The efficiency of the dye and mordant combinations was evaluated in terms of percent absorption (%), Colour coordinates (CIELAB), Colour strength/ Relative colour strength (K/S) and fastness properties respectively. Absorption of the dye, colour coordinates, colour strength (K/S) by the wool fabric recorded higher values as compared to cotton fabric. The cotton fabric does not showed much affinity for the dye and mordant combinations and appeared with dull and poor colour shades with lower values of absorption, colour strength and retention grades. However, wool fabric showed beautiful and bright colour shades in different mordanting combinations.
Assessment of antioxidant activity of Ficus asperifolia Miq aqueous extract - In vitro studies
Authors: Ojo O.A , Akintayo C.O
Published: March 2022

Antioxidants play an important role in inhibiting and scavenging free radicals, thus providing protection to human against degenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro antioxidant activity of Ficus asperifolia aqueous extract. In this study, the free radical scavenging potential of a aqueous extract of the leaves of Ficus asperifolia was assessed by measuring its capability for scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, hydroxyl radical (OH), nitric oxide radicals (NO), iron chelation as well as its reductive ability. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by spectrophotometric methods. The aqueous extract of Ficus asperifolia had a DPPH scavenging activity of 78.65 ±1.15% at 5 mg/ml and a reductive potential of 44.05 ± 0.05 mm.AAE/g at 5 mg/ml. The plant extract yielded 69.20 ± 0.00 mg garlic acid equivalents phenolic content and 39.90 ± 0.00 mg rutin equivalents flavonoid content. The observed antioxidant potentials and phenolic content of the extract suggest that an aqueous extract of Ficus asperifolia leaves is a potential source of natural antioxidants and may be responsible for its popular and wide traditional use.
Antinociceptive activity of various solvent extracts of Maerua angolensis DC stem bark in rodents
Authors: Azi Iliya Hosea , Eric Boakye-Gyasi , Donatus Adongo Wewura , Agyei Ampadu Felix , Eric Woode
Published: March 2022

Various parts of Maerua angolensis notably the leaves, roots and stem barks are used to reduce pain and also in the management of psychosis, epilepsy, and arthritis in traditional medicine. In this study, a preliminary test was performed to determine the most active plant part on the hydroethanolic extracts in the abdominal writhing test in mice. Subsequently, the stem bark, the most active plant part, was extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate or hydroethanol to obtain three extracts which were tested for analgesic activity in the formalin test in rats. Animals were grouped into groups of 5 and the extracts were administered orally. Diclofenac and morphine were used as reference analgesic agents while normal saline was used for control. The leaf, root and stem bark extracts (30, 100 and 300 mg/kg) significantly (P<0.0002) and dosedependently reduced abdominal writhes induced by acetic acid with the stem bark extract being more active. In the formalin test, all the extracts (3, 10 and 30 mg/kg) significantly (P<0.0006) and dose-dependently reduced the frequency and time spent in biting/licking of injected paws in both the neurogenic and inflammatory phases induced by formalin. The petroleum ether extract was most active in neurogenic while ethyl acetate was most active in inflammatory phase. Results justify the use of the plant parts in ethnomedicine for the management of various painful conditions.
Antidiabetic potential of Musa paradisiaca in Streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats
Authors: Lakshmi Vijai , Agarwal S.K. , Ansari Jamal Akhtar , Mahdi Abbas Ali , Srivastava Arvind Kumar
Published: March 2022

Aim: Over the last few decades the role of medicinal plants as a primary tool in the preservation of health and management of diseases is realized with great concern. This is mainly due to the use of synthetic drug molecules that produce harmful side effects, which are comparatively minimal in drugs of plant origin. The Antidiabetic activity of the flowers has been reported in the literature, but not studied systematically all parts of the M. paradisiacal (Linn.). Therefore, we have selected this plant to study all other parts of this in detail for its antidiabetic potential. Methods: The ethanolic extracts of leaves, fruit peels, stems and roots were prepared at room temperature and the extracts showing antidiabetic activity were fractionated into 4 fractions by maceration method (hexane, chloroform, n-butanol solubles an n-butanol insoluble fractions). Results: The ethanolic extracts and the hexane and chloroform fractions of leaves and fruit peels showed promising antidiabetic activity in STZ-s model. Further the isolated compounds from the active fractions did not show the antidiabetic activity. Conclusion: Further work on active molecules from this plant is required to get a lead molecule for the development of a new and potent antidiabetic drug.
Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the leaf essential oil of Artemisia absinthium growing wild in Kashmir, India
Authors: Wani Humara , Shah Shakeel A. , Banday Javid A.
Published: March 2022

The essential oil composition of the leaves of Artemisia absinthium, growing in Kashmir, India, along with its antioxidant activity, is reported in the present study. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed the presence of twelve constituents, representing 99.99% of the total oil. The major constituents of the oil were Chrysanthenyl acetate (49.15%) and L-β-pinene (39.62%). The monoterpene content in the oil was found to be 98.76 %, while as sesquiterpene hydrocarbon content was 1.23%. The essential oil was evaluated for antioxidant activity with DPPH radical, exhibiting promising antioxidant profile.
Antimicrobial qualities, phytochemistry and micronutritional content of Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss seed oil
Authors: Idu MacDonald , Erhabor Joseph Omorogiuwa , Oghale Ovuakporie-Uvo , Obayagbona Nosa Omoregbe
Published: March 2022

Khaya senegalensis seed oil is a non-drying oil, which consist of long chain fatty acids. The antimicrobial attributes of the seed oil was investigated using disc diffusion and broth dilution methods. The test microbial cultures used in the study were; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Penicillium notatum, Mucor mucedo and Aspergillus niger. Routine procedures were utilized in the determination of the phytochemical and mineral constituents of the seed oil. B. subtilis was the most sensitive of the isolates exposed to varying concentrations of the undiluted seed oil whilst E. coli was the most resistant amongst the bacterial isolates. The seed oil did not exhibit any antifungal activity. Varying amounts of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, phytates and oxalates were detected in K. senegalensis seed oil whilst glycosides were absent. Amongst the micro-nutrients present in seed oil, manganese had the least value (0.05 mg/ml) while potassium had the highest concentration (3.33 mg/ml). There is a need to conduct further studies aimed at determining the percentage yield of antimicrobial compounds and the antibacterial activity of the seed oil on multiple drug resistant bacteria.
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic damage in experimental Sprague Dawley rats: Antioxidant potential of Xylopia aethiopica
Authors: Adewale O.B , Adekeye A.O , Akintayo C.O , Onikanni A , Saheed Sabiu
Published: March 2022

The present study was carried out to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of aqueous extract of Xylopia aethiopica stem bark (XASB) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver damage in sprague dawley rats. Experimental rats were randomly divided into four groups of five rats each. Group 1: served as the control rats, Group 2: was administered with CCl4 only in groundnut oil (1:1) at a dose of 3 ml/kg b.wt by single intraperitoneal administration. Group 3: was administered with extract of X. aethopica + CCl4 ( 250 mg/kg b.wt/day) , Group 4: was treated with extract of X. aethiopica + CCl4 ( 500 mg/kg b.wt/day).Serum alanine transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels 24 hrs after CCl4 administration decreased significantly (p≤0.05) in rats pretreated with X. aethiopica than in CCl4-treated rat only. Total serum bilirubin also showed a remarkable decrease in rats pretreated with xylopia aethiopica when compared to those administered with CCl4 alone. The activities of GST and CAT in liver tissues were increased in the rats pretreated with X. aethiopica compared with CCl4 alone. Lipid peroxidation expressed by malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was significantly decreased (p≤0.05) in rats pretreated with X. aethiopica compared with CCl4 treated rat. However, the rats pretreated with X. aethiopica showed significant improvements in the cytoarchitecture of rat liver. The results suggested that aqueous extract of X. aethopica could palliate the liver injuries perhaps by its antioxidative effect, hence eliminating the deleterious effect of toxic metabolites from the CCl4.
Systemic evaluation of antibacterial activity of Anacardium occidentale
Authors: Belonwu D.C. , Ibegbulem C.O. , Chikezie P.C.
Published: March 2022

Background: Evaluation of antibacterial activity of different parts of two varieties of Anacardium occidentale L. tree {red fruited variety (RFV) and yellow fruited variety (YFV)}, namely, the fruit, leaf, stem bark and root extracts on human pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Eschericjia coli, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsella spp) was carried out in vitro. Materials and Methods: Phytochemical screening and preparation of the extracts was by standard methods. Antibacterial activity was measured by the agar diffusion methods, which ascertained the diameter of inhibition halos around wells after 24 h incubation at 37°C. Results: Alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, HCN, phenols and anthocyanin were present in leaf and stem bark extracts of the RFV and YFV. HCN was absent in the fruit and root of both varieties. Aqueous fruit extract of the RFV did not exhibit antibacterial effect on P. aeroginosa, S. typhi, P. mirabilis and Klebsella spp. Likewise, ethanolic fruit extract of the RFV did not inhibit bacterial activity of S. typhi and P. mirabilis, whereas S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeroginosa and Klebsella spp were inhibited by ethanolic red fruit extract in the following corresponding order: E. coli = 65.11% > P. aeroginosa = 64.30% > S. aureus = 53.01% > Klebsella spp = 46.76%. The zone of inhibition (ZOI) of aqueous leaf extract of the RFV was between 10.50 ± 0.05 mm and 14.50 ± 0.01 mm halos. Generally, antibacterial activities of aqueous and ethanolic stem bark, leaf and root extracts of the RFV and YFV were identical. Conclusion: The results offered precise reference information on comparative antibacterial activities of various parts of A. occidentale L. tree for possible optimum exploitation and usage.
Psychopharmacological studies of Mammea africana stem bark extract
Authors: Okokon Jude E. , Davies Koofreh
Published: March 2022

Herbal medicine is an integral part of the health care system in most developed and developing countries of the world. Objective: The stem bark of Mammea africana used traditionally in the treatment of mental disorders was evaluated for depressive effect on the central nervous system (CNS). Materials and Method: The stem bark extract was investigated for depressive activity in the open field, force swimming and tail suspension tests as well as its anticonvulsant potential against pentylene tetrazol and aminophylline-induced convulsions. The effect of the extract on phenobarbitone induced sleeping time was also evaluated. Results: The extract was found to significantly (p<0.001) decrease the frequency of line crossing, rearing and walling activities of the rats in open field test as well as increased the immobility time in both tail suspension and force swimming tests. The stem bark extract also significantly (p<0.001) shortened the onset time of sleep and prolonged the duration of sleep induced by phenobarbitone sodium. The stem bark extract and fractions (30 – 90 mg/kg), could not offered significant protection against PTZand aminophylline induced convulsion, but were found to delay significantly (p<0.05 – 0.001) the onset of tonic/clonic convulsion and also prolonged the time of death of the treated mice. Conclusion: The stem bark of M. africana has depressant, sedating and anticonvulsant properties.
Effect of Centella asiatica against anti-tuberculosis drugs-induced hepatotoxicity: Involvement of mitochondria and oxidative stress
Authors: Kumar Vinay , Sharma Ankur , Machawal Lalit , Nagarajan K. , Siddiqui Shadab A.
Published: March 2022

The liver is an integral organ in the body and plays a vital role for the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous agents. Drug-induced liver toxicity is one of most common cause of liver injury. It accounts for approximately one-half of the cases of acute liver failure and mimics all forms of acute and chronic liver disease. Hepatotoxicity is associated with the first line antituberculosis drugs such as isoniazid and rifampicin. Therefore, there is need of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of hepatotoxicity. The present study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of the Centella asiatica extract on anti-TB drugs-induced hepatotoxicity. Hepatotoxicity was induced by administration of anti-TB drugs (isoniazid and rifampicin). Hepatotoxicity was assessed by significant elevation in oxidative stress, mitochondrial complex alterations and elevated levels of liver marker enzymes. Treatment with Centella asiatica (20, 40 mg/kg p.o.) attenuated the anti-TB drugs induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial complex alterations and elevated levels of liver marker enzymes (viz. SGOT, SGPT, ALP). Histopathological studies also show the promising effect. Therefore, the present study shows the hepatotoprotective effect of Centella asiatica. Therefore, Centella asiatica could be a new pharmacological intervention in the treatment of hepatotoxicity.
Evaluation of Salvia haematodes Linn for their antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-lipoxygenase and anticholinesterase activity
Authors: Rizwan Ali , Saeed Rao , Ahmadv Taseer , Ullah Aftab , Ather Zaira , Muhammad Sohail , Hussain Iradat , Ali Usman
Published: March 2022

The indigenous medicinal plant Salvia haematodes Linn (SAL) was screened for its pharmacological activities. The crude extract fractions were prepared in methanol, n-hexane, di chloromethane (DCM) and n-butanol by cold maceration process. The antioxidant effect of the extract fractions was observed by 1-1- diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. The anti-microbial activity was observed by using disc diffusion method. Furthermore, anti-enzymatic activity was studied against LOX (anti-lipoxygenase), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). The results exhibited that the n-hexane (0.5 mg/mL) and DCM (0.5 mg/mL) fractions of SAL showed 83.3 ± 0.8% and 91.56 ± 0.7 % inhibition of DPPH radical. Whereas, the n-butanol fraction of the crude extract did not show any effect. The methanolic extract (10 mg/disc) of SAL inhibited the growth of E. coli at 12±0.5 mm as compared to ciprofloxacin (17.3 ± 0.5 mm). Moreover, at concentration of 0.5 mg/mL, the n-hexane and DMC extracts of SAL inhibited 68.19±0.39 % and 75.8 ± 1.7% of LOX enzyme respectively, against standard Baicallin (93.7 ± 1.2 % ). The methanol fraction of SAL showed 77.95 ± 0.6 % of AChE inhibition, whereas, Eserine standard inhibited 91.2 ±1.1% of AChE. The methanolic fraction of SAL showed 51.9±0.4 % inhibition of BChE enzyme against standard Eserine (82.8±1.0%). However, the DCM and n-hexane fractions did not elucidate any activity. Therefore, it is concluded that SAL have different pharmacology activities that may be due to presence of certain pharmacologically active compound.
Phytochemical and free radical scavenging activity of Poorna chandrodayam chendooram (metallic herbal based drug)
Authors: V Hazeena Begum , P Muthukumaran
Published: March 2022

Under most pathological conditions there is generation of reactive oxygen species and other free radicals. An increase in the antioxidant reserves of the organism can reduce oxidative stress and some of the plant-derived Drug may help to reduce it. Poorna chandrodayam chendooram are extensively used in Indian traditional medicine. In the present study we have examined the in vitro antioxidant activity of Drug. The antioxidant activities of different concentrations of Drugs were determined by Total polyphenolic content, Ascorbic acid, Total flavonoids, DPPH Radical Scavenging activity, Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging Activity and Nitric Oxide Scavenging activity. The effective antioxidant activity of Poorna chandrodayam chendooram has found increased with increasing concentration.
Antiulcerogenic activity of Solenostemon monostachyus
Authors: Amazu Louis U. , Antia Bassey S. , Okokon Jude E.
Published: March 2022

Objective: Solenostemon monostachyus P. Beauv (family Lamiaceae) used traditionally by the Ibibios of Southern Nigeria to treat stomach ulcer, malaria and other inflammatory diseases was evaluated for antiulcer activity. Materials and Methods: The effects of extract of Solenostemon monostachyus (75 - 225 mg/kg) and fractions (Aqueous and chloroform, 150 mg/kg) on experimentally induced ulcer were studied in rats using ethanol, indomethacin, reserpine and histamine –induced ulcer models. Results: The effect of ethanol extract of S. monostachyus (75 – 225 mg/kg) and fractions on experimentally induced ulcer were studied in rats. The extract (75 – 225 mg/kg) inhibited ethanol, indomethacin and histamine –induced ulcer models in a dose dependent fashion. The various degrees of inhibitions were statistically significant (p<0.05, 0.01, 0.001). The effect of the extract was comparable to that of the standard drugs used with the dichloromethane fraction having the highest activity. Conclusion: Thus, S. monostachyus extract demonstrated a good antiulcer activity which supports the use of this plant in the traditional medicine to treat ulcers.
Physicochemical evaluation of male and female plants of Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers)
Authors: Sharma Rohit , Amin Hetal , Prajapati PK
Published: March 2022

Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers.) is a dioecious creeper, commonly known as „Giloe‟, with significant medicinal importance in the traditional systems of medicine. The plant is dioecious, however, this factor is not given proper consideration while collecting the plant material for medicinal purposes. Minimal studies are available on male and female varieties of Guduchi and no published information on the comparative physicochemical study of these varieties is available so far. Considering this, the present study is planned to comparatively evaluate the physicochemical profiles of male and female varieties of Guduchi. Both male and female varieties were collected, authenticated and subjected to morphological/organoleptic screening, relevant physico-chemical parameters, qualitative testing for various functional groups, and quantitative estimation of total alkaloids, total starch and mucilage contents. The present study differentiated both male and female varieties in morphological and organoleptic characters. The values of water and alcohol soluble extractives was found relatively higher in male variety, while the total alkaloid, total starch and total mucilage contents were higher in female variety. All functional groups were found to be same in both varieties; however, more extensive works on quantification of chemical constituents and secondary metabolites are needed.
Experimental investigation on residual shear strength of short-span reinforced concrete beams with corroded stirrups
Authors:   Faculty of Construction Engineering, University of Transport and Communications, Nguyen Huy Cuong , Dinh Huu Tai ,   Faculty of Construction Engineering, University of Transport and Communications, Nguyen Cong Hau ,   Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ho Chi Minh city University of Transport
Published: March 2022

This paper reports an experimental investigation on the residual shear strength of the corroded RC beams with stirrups having different levels of corrosion. A total of ten beams was tested, including four beams were subjected to an electrochemically accelerated aging technique for 60 and 80 days to obtain the theoretical mass loss in their stirrups of 10 and 20%, respectively. The objective of the test program was to investigate the shear performances of strengthened beams loaded up to failure, including load-deflection behaviour, crack patterns, ultimate capacities, and modes of failure. Compared to the un-corroded specimens, the average shear strength of corroded specimens decreased by 16.08 and 25.34%, corresponding to the degree of corrosion of 12.3 and 23.6%.
Determination of uni-axial bending resistance of reinforced fly ash concrete columns
Authors:   Hanoi University of Civil Engineering (HUCE), Vongchith Sykhampha , Nguyen Truong Thang ,   Hanoi University of Civil Engineering (HUCE)
Published: March 2022

As a by-product from coal burning of thermal power plants, fly ash has appropriate physical properties and chemical composition that can be utilised for the concrete industry, in a form of a fine-mineral additive to reduce cement up to 25% by mass and to enhance the workability of concrete. However, the negative effect of fly ash on the strength of reinforced concrete (RC) members has not been considered in current design provisions. Hence, the determination of uni-axial bending resistance of a basic member - RC column - having 20% cement weight replaced by fly ash is presented in this paper in the following research steps: (i) Experimental investigation on a number of 8 RC column specimens; (ii) Validation of test results with a number of code provisions including Eurocode 2, ACI 318-19, and TCVN 5574:2018; and (iii) Proposal of a simplified justification approach for TCVN 5574:2018 to be capable of modelling the reduction and predicting the uni-axial bending resistance of reinforced fly ash concrete columns.
Testing the Petra Garden and Pool Complex chronology through the ceramics
Authors: Koulianos Pamela K.
Published: March 2022

The Petra Garden and Pool Complex in the ancient city center has been dated based on stratigraphy and an array of diagnostic finds. The present study of the coarse wares from selected contexts at the site (augmented by amphorae and fine wares) aims to show corroborative evidence from the ceramic assemblage to support the dating of three major phases in the history of the complex: the construction of the monumental Nabataean garden and pool complex in the end of the 1st century BCE, the Roman renovations in the early 2nd century CE and, last but not least, the second destruction that ended the occupation of the complex, most probably at the end of the 6th century CE. The overall purpose of this paper is to contribute to the knowledge of Petra coarse-ware pottery from the Nabataean and Roman periods.
Synthesis of New Cyclic Amines-Linked Metronidazole Derivatives as Possible Prodrugs
Authors: Q. Abdul-Kadir Maadh , E. AL-Ani Nadhum , M. Alwan Shakir
Published: March 2022

Certain cyclic amine derivatives of metronidazole via acetate spacer were prepared. Cyclic amines used are piperidine and piperazine to improve the physicochemical properties and reduce some of metronidazole side effects. This is believed to be done by modification of its structural features to get prodrugs with improved properties over that of metronidazole. The present work includes esterification of metronidazole with choroacetic acid, N-alkylation of the cyclic amines by the halogenated ester and characterization of their structures by spectral(UV and IR) and elemental(CHN)analysis.The melting points, degree of solubilities and partition coefficients were also determined. Both metronidazole-piperazine and metronidazole-piperidine derivatives have different structural and physicochemical properties that may be excellent to diminish problems associated with metronidazole.

Key words: Metronidazole, chloroacetate, prodrug.
Enhancement of Atorvastatin Tablet Dissolution Using Acid Medium
Authors: J.Hasson Kahtan
Published: March 2022

In this study some generic commercial products of Atorvastatin tablets were evaluated by dissolution test in acid medium by comparing with that of parent drug Lipitor of Pfizer Company. Some of solubilizing agents were studied in formulation  of Atorvastatin tablet including;  surface active agent  and PEG 6000 .The most effective factor was the  use of PEG6000 in formulation of Atorvastatin tablet which improved the dissolution and the results of dissolution profile of formulated tablet in this work  was bioequivalent to that of Lipitor .The quantitative analysis of this work was performed by using reversed phase liquid chromatography and a proper mixture of  mobile phase which give a retention time for Atorvastatin about 6 minutes .
RECURRENT VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS: CURRENT ISSUES (A REVIEW)
Authors: Nataliia Ratushniak  , Aurika Sukhanova
Published: March 2022

Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) is a widespread problem for today. Symptoms of the disease significantly reduce women life quality. It is common reason for medical help. Clinical sings of vaginal candidiasis are nonspecific. The most common method of diagnosis - microscopy of vaginal discharge, does not always provide enough information. Among the causative agents of candidiasis, Candida albicans and Candida nonalbicans have different prevalence in different regions of the world.Resistance to antifungal drugs is increasing due to it widespread applying.Risk factors for RVVK are: antibiotic therapy, immunodeficiency conditions, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, contraceptives, corticosteroids, hormonal disorders of women, allergic diseases. Recent studies indicate the multifactorial cause of candidiasis, especially the imbalanced composition of the vaginal microflora and genetic predisposition. Resistance to antifungal drugs is increasing, especially to Fluconazole, that is most often applied in clinical practice.The role of immunoregulatory mechanisms is reflected in the reduced activity of immunity in the vagina. Changes in Tol-like receptor (TLR) genes have been reported in women with RVVC. Also, interlexins can lead to a prolonged inflammatory process in the vagina. Currently, polymorphism of the mannose-binding lectin gene in women with RVVK relevant topic for research. That changes may be a reasone of recurrence.Determination of mannose-binding lectin for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes is promising research area. There is increasing scientific interest in the study of this pathology. In publication described diagnosis of RVVK, the species composition of the pathogen, risk factors, impact of hormones and genetic predisposition.
POLYMER EXAMPLES MECHANICAL EXAMINATION AFTER ALKALINE SOLUTIONS PROCESSING
Authors: Avtandil Porchkhidze
Published: March 2022

Polymer examples examination in alkaline environment after processing content tension was connected to deformation dependent. At the same time tension was rising up 10 mPa. Then was defined tension while was happening examples’ of quick disintegration.
Lymphatic Drainage of Bartholin’s Gland in Fresh Adult Cadavers: Implications in Terms of Groin Surgery in Case of Bartholin’s Gland Carcinoma
Authors: Ouldamer Lobna , Serre Emilie , Destrieux Christophe , Body Gilles , Ouldamer Lobna
Published: March 2022

Objective: To investigate the lymphatic drainage of Bartholin’s gland and its therapeutic implications in Bartholin’s gland carcinoma.
Materials and Methods: Data were obtained from the anatomical study of ten fresh female cadavers with groin and pelvic dissections after lymphatic channel and node staining by injection of Lipiodol dye solution into Bartholin’s gland.
Results: We distinguished three different lymphatic pathways: i) the superficial inguinal pathway, identified in 61.5% of cases, ii) the internal pudendal pathway (towards the pararectal fossa), identified in 30.8% of cases, and iii) the pelvic pathway, identified in 15.4% of cases, one after an inguinal pathway and the other following the labiocrural fold. No evidence of stained lymphatic structures was found in 31.6% of cases. The principal pathway was always ipsilateral.
Conclusion: Ipsilateral groin lymphadenectomy offers the most effective ratio between oncological safety and surgery-related complications.
Over 20 years of declining Medicare reimbursement for spine surgeons: a temporal and geographic analysis from 2000 to 2021
Authors: Haglin Jack M. , Zabat Michelle A. , Richter Kent R. , McQuivey Kade S. , Godzik Jakub , Patel Naresh P. , Eltorai Adam E. M. , Daniels Alan H.
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE

Procedural reimbursement for spine surgery has changed drastically over the past 20 years. A comprehensive understanding of these trends is important as major changes in reimbursement models of spine surgery continue to evolve within various spine specialties as well as broader national healthcare policy. In this study the authors evaluated the monetary trends in Medicare reimbursement rates for the 15 most common spinal surgery procedures from 2000 to 2021.

METHODS

The National Surgery Quality Improvement Project database (2019) was queried to determine the 15 most commonly performed spine surgery procedures. The Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes for each of these procedures were obtained from the Physician Fee Schedule Look-Up Tool from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, and comprehensive reimbursement data for each code were extracted. Changes in Medicare reimbursement rates were calculated and averaged for each procedure as both raw percent changes and percent changes adjusted for inflation to 2021 US dollars (USD) based on the consumer price index (CPI). The adjusted R2 value, the compound annual growth rate (CAGR), and both the average annual and the total percent change in reimbursement were calculated based on these adjusted trends for all included procedures.

RESULTS

After adjustment for inflation, average reimbursement for all procedures decreased by 33.8% from 2000 to 2021. The greatest mean decrease was seen in anterior cervical arthrodesis (−38.7%), while the smallest mean decrease was in vertebral body excision (−17.1%). From 2000 to 2021, the adjusted reimbursement rate for all included procedures decreased by an average of 1.9% each year, with an average R2 value of 0.69.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first study to evaluate monetary trends in Medicare reimbursement for spine surgery procedures. After adjusting for inflation, Medicare reimbursement for the 15 most commonly performed spine procedures has steadily decreased from 2000 to 2021. Increased awareness of these trends and the forces driving them will be critical in the coming years as negotiations regarding reimbursement models continue to unfold. Greater understanding of spine surgery reimbursement among policy makers, hospitals, and surgeons will be important to ensure continued access to quality surgical spine care in the United States.
Robust Extreme Quantile Estimation for Pareto-Type tails through an Exponential Regression Model
Authors: Minkah Richard , de Wet Tertius , Ghosh Abhik
Published: March 2022

The estimation of extreme quantiles is one of the main objectives of statistics of extremes ( which deals with the estimation of rare events). In this paper, a robust estimator of extreme quantile of a heavy-tailed distribution is considered. The estimator is obtained through the minimum density power divergence criterion on an exponential regression model. The proposed estimator was compared with two estimators of extreme quantiles in the literature in a simulation study. The results show that the proposed estimator is stable to the choice of the number of top order statistics and show lesser bias and mean square error compared to the existing extreme quantile estimators. Practical application of the proposed estimator is illustrated with data from the pedochemical and insurance industries.
Socio-political destabilization dynamics features in MENA monarchies before and after the Arab spring
Authors: Khokhlova Alina A.
Published: March 2022

“Arab Spring” had a large effect on the political stability of Arab republics and led to regimes overthrow in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and Yemen. However, Middle East and North Africa (MENA) monarchical regimes managed to survive the period of severe turbulence. Much has been written on the problems of the “Arab Spring” effect on the trajectory of socio-political and economic development of the Arab countries since 2011, although nothing has been said on the dynamics of political destabilization of Arab monarchies as a whole and in comparison with MENA republics as well as about the features of that dynamics. So, this paper aims to fulfill this gap.
Using descriptive statistics as a pilot method and CNTS, Global Terrorism and Mass Mobilization in Autocracies databases we show that the monarchies are in general more stable than non-monarchies of MENA since their independence. 
The paper also demonstrates that those MENA monarchies which suffer from internal Sunni-Shia conflicts, Bahrain and Saudi Arabia, possess the highest mean destabilization level among all MENA monarchies because of its “bloody” character. The most liberal parliamentary Arab monarchies like Kuwait, Jordan and Morocco have a relatively high destabilization dynamics, but they are predominantly of a mass mobilization type. Other monarchies, Oman, UAE and Qatar, demonstrate the lowest destabilization levels during the period after the “Arab Spring”.
Das Leumundszeugnis „der Prostituierten“. Zum Engagement des Genfer Vereins Aspasie für erweiterte Erwerbsmöglichkeiten von Sexarbeiterinnen (1982–1989)
Authors: Baumann Sarah
Published: March 2022

Bis 1989 verweigerten die Genfer Behörden Sexarbeiterinnen ein Leumundszeugnis mit der Begründung, dass Prostitution einen besonders „unehrenhaften“ Charakter zum Ausdruck bringe. Sexarbeiterinnen brauchten aber ein solches Zeugnis, wenn sie einer anderen Erwerbstätigkeit nachgehen wollten. Die Praktik der Genfer Behörden verfestigte gesellschaftliche Deutungen, die in der Sexarbeit tätige Frauen auf eine Identität als „Prostituierte“ festlegten und fixierten. Denn die Folge der Genfer Regelung war, dass eine berufliche Neu- und Umorientierung für Sexarbeiterinnen massiv erschwert wurde. Im Genfer Verein Aspasie organisierte Sex- und Sozialarbeiterinnen wehrten sich ab Beginn der 1980er-Jahre gegen diese Regelung und erreichten, dass sie 1989 aufgehoben wurde. Für ihren Widerstand war es zentral, „Prostituierte“ als Identitätszuschreibung aufzubrechen und als Erwerbsarbeit sichtbar zu machen. Denn erst die Anerkennung von Prostitution als Arbeit eröffnete aus ihrer Perspektive die Freiheit, sich auch gegen die Sexarbeit und für eine andere Erwerbstätigkeit zu entscheiden.
Gegen das Gefühl der Ohnmacht – politische Selbstorganisierung von Sexarbeitenden im Kontext des Prostituiertenschutzgesetzes
Authors: Hofstetter Joana Lilli
Published: March 2022

Im Kontext der Pläne zum Prostituiertenschutzgesetz (ProstSchG) organisierten sich Sexarbeitende in Deutschland ab 2013 kollektiv, um kontrollierende und repressive Maßnahmen abzuwehren. Der Beitrag zeichnet die Entwicklung dieser politischen Selbstorganisierung bis zur Verabschiedung des ProstSchG in 2016 nach. Basierend auf einer zweijährigen enthnografischen Forschung mit politisch aktiven Sexarbeitenden stelle ich dar, wie sich Sexarbeitende im Feld der Prostitutionspolitik positionierten, in welchem Verhältnis andere politische Akteur_innen zu ihnen standen und welche Ambivalenzen und Konfliktlinien sich bildeten. Sexarbeitende scheiterten schließlich in ihrem Ziel, das ProstSchG zu verhindern. Mit dessen Verabschiedung trat zwar eine Ernüchterung, jedoch auch eine Diversifizierung der Selbstorganisierung ein. Sexarbeitende waren daher erfolgreich darin, eine anhaltende Bewegung aufzubauen, die seither etablierte Akteurin in der sich weiter transformierenden deutschen Prostitutionspolitik ist.
Freiheitsaktionen der Frauenbewegung: die kollektiven Busfahrten zu Schwangerschaftsabbrüchen in die Niederlande (1975–1977) als Form ver-körperten Protests
Authors: Leidinger Christiane
Published: March 2022

Der Beitrag setzt sich mit einer politischen Aktion(sform) auseinander, mit der feministisch gegen das Verbot von Schwangerschaftsabbrüchen protestiert wurde. Die transnationale Aktionsform der kollektiven Busfahrten in die Niederlande wird dabei als (doppelsinnige) Freiheitsaktion und vier-dimensional ver-körperte Direkte Aktion im Sinne anarchistischer Selbsthilfe am bundesdeutschen Staat vorbei analysiert. Es handelte sich um eine frauenbewegte Handlungsoffensive machtvoller Gemeinschaftlichkeit, die, 1975 beginnend, solidarische Kollektivität und Öffentlichkeit als Strategie nutzte, um eine faktische Durchsetzung des Selbstbestimmungsrechts zu erwirken: In der Form der politischen Aktion wurde das Ziel selbst sichtbar gemacht (Konkretheit) und dieses unmittelbar durch die Abtreibungen erreicht (Implementierung). Empowernd schuf die Aktionsform selbstorganisierte Handlungsspielräume, wies dabei Angst und Scham zurück und delegitimierte das Gesetz. Nach einer reflexiven Kritik wurde die Aktionsform 1977 eingestellt. Resümierend werden die vorliegenden 11 Prinzipien einer Konzeption feministischen Widerstands um die Aktionsformaspekte feministische Reflexion und Solidarität erweitert.
Gevrey regularity and summability of the formal power series solutions of the inhomogeneous generalized Boussinesq equations
Authors: Remy Pascal
Published: March 2022

In this article, we investigate Gevrey and summability properties of the formal power series solutions of the inhomogeneous generalized Boussinesq equations. Even if the case that really matters physically is an analytic inhomogeneity, we systematically examine here the cases where the inhomogeneity is s-Gevrey for any [Formula: see text], in order to carefully distinguish the influence of the data (and their degree of regularity) from that of the equation (and its structure). We thus prove that we have a noteworthy dichotomy: for any [Formula: see text], the formal solutions and the inhomogeneity are simultaneously s-Gevrey; for any [Formula: see text], the formal solutions are generically 1-Gevrey. In the latter case, we give in particular an explicit example in which the formal solution is [Formula: see text]-Gevrey for no [Formula: see text], that is exactly 1-Gevrey. Then, we give a necessary and sufficient condition under which the formal solutions are 1-summable in a given direction [Formula: see text]. In addition, we present some technical results on the generalized binomial and multinomial coefficients, which are needed for the proofs of our various results.
The 2021 Computer Olympiad
Authors: Iida Hiroyuki , Schaeffer Jonathan , Wu I-Chen
Published: March 2022

The 24th Computer Olympiad was held online during August/September 2021. With 60 participants competing in 22 events, the event was a success. This raises the question as to whether the ICGA and its members are best served by having future Olympiads online or returning to the in-person format.
Effects of non-thermal processes on texture, color and sensory properties of Iranian barberry during storage
Authors: Ahmadi-Roshan M. , Bideli N. , Berenji Ardestani S.
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND: Barberry, is the main agricultural product in South Khorasan province of Iran, after saffron. Fresh fruit is perishable with short storage time. OBJECTIVE: Irradiation is an economical modern technology in food processing which maintains nutritional values and enhance shelf life of raw food without using any additives. METHODS: Barberry fruit was harvested in Birjand city by methods including “cutting branches” and “collecting fallen fruit from the cluster”. Fruit on cut branches was dried at ambient temperature under shadow which is known as “puffy barberry” locally. Fruit has fallen under shrubs was dried on a clean cloth under sunlight and locally is famed as “jewel barberry”. Some of fresh barberries were treated by osmotic solution and then they have been dried. Untreated dried fruit was processed by, freezing pasteurization and gamma irradiation at doses of 0, 3, 5 and 10 kGy. Effects of dried barberry types (puffy and jewel), processes, 6 months of storage at temperature of 4 or 25°C on texture, color and sensory properties of fruit were evaluated. RESULTS: Puffy barberry irradiated at 5 kGy by gamma radiations, after 6 months of storage at 4°C showed an acceptable quality. CONCLUSIONS: Combination of irradiation and refrigerated storage were reported as optimal conditions of processing and storage for barberry fruit.
RETRACTED: Implicational tonoid semilinear logics: Prelinear logics and their relational semantics
Authors: Yang Eunsuk
Published: March 2022

This article has been retracted. A retraction notice can be found at https://doi.org/10.3233/JIFS-219433.
RETRACTED: Analysis and implementation of certain multivariate statistical process monitoring Tools for fault detection and isolation (FDI) task in a laboratory scale shell-tube heat exchanger
Authors: Vivek Joe Bharath Amaladoss , Thirumarimurugan Marimuthu
Published: March 2022

This article has been retracted. A retraction notice can be found at https://doi.org/10.3233/JIFS-219433.