bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic, Kinetic and Strength Calculation of High Zinc Containing Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloys
Authors: Wang Jinsan , Xiao Xiang
Published: January 2022

High zinc containing Al-Zn-Mg-Cu is the research focus of ultra-high strength aluminum alloy. In the present paper, the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu multi-component system is studied when the content of Zn is 10.5 wt.%, 11 wt.% and 12 wt.%, respectively. The vertical sections of phase diagrams are calculated by the thermodynamic method. The precipitation parameters of the η’ phase, including the density of precipitate, precipitate radius and volume fraction, are obtained by using the methods of kinetic calculations. The yield strength of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy with different content of Zn is calculated by an empirical model containing a chemical element and a microstructure parameter. The calculated results of yield strength are verified by experimental data and provide primary guidance to developing Al-Zn-Mg-Cu ultra-high strength aluminum alloys.
A New Look for 2006
Authors: McLean M.
Published: January 2022

Welcome to the penultimate edition of Current Oncology for 2005, at a time when we are introducing further changes as the journal metamorphoses into its new look for 2006 [...]
Bone Complications in Prostate Cancer: Current and Future Role of Bisphosphonates
Authors: Saad F. , Moul J.
Published: January 2022

During all disease stages, patients with prostate cancer may suffer from generalised bone loss or localised decreases in bone integrity (for example, at sites of metastatic bone lesions) [...]
Surrogate Endpoints in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Browman G. , Shah A. , Ayoub J. , Wong R. , Maroun J. , Batist G.
Published: January 2022

There is ongoing debate about the criteria that are required for a new treatment to be approved for prescription and reimbursement and for clinicians to be convinced of that treatment’s true clinical utility [...]
Access to Radiation Therapy: Modelling the Geographic Distribution of Demand
Authors: Taylor M. R. , Craighead P. S. , Dunscombe P. B.
Published: January 2022

Alberta currently has two comprehensive tertiary cancer centres, the Cross Cancer Institute (CCI) in Edmonton and the Tom Baker Cancer Centre (TBCC) in Calgary, 300 km to the south [...]
Upfront DPYD Genotyping and Toxicity Associated with Fluoropyrimidine-Based Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Oropharyngeal Carcinomas: A Work in Progress
Authors: Desilets Antoine , McCarvill William , Aubin Francine , Bahig Houda , Ballivy Olivier , Charpentier Danielle , Filion Édith , Jamal Rahima , Lambert Louise , Nguyen-Tan Phuc Felix , Vadnais Charles , Weng Xiaoduan , Soulières Denis
Published: January 2022

Background: 5-FU-based chemoradiotherapy (CRT) could be associated with severe treatment-related toxicities in patients harboring at-risk DPYD polymorphisms. Methods: The studied population included consecutive patients with locoregionally advanced oropharyngeal carcinoma treated with carboplatin and 5-FU-based CRT one year before and after the implementation of upfront DPYD*2A genotyping. We aimed to determine the effect of DPYD genotyping on grade ≥3 toxicities. Results: 181 patients were analyzed (87 patients before and 94 patients following DPYD*2A screening). Of the patients, 91% (n = 86) were prospectively genotyped for the DPYD*2A allele. Of those screened, 2% (n = 2/87) demonstrated a heterozygous DPYD*2A mutation. Extended genotyping of DPYD*2A-negative patients later allowed for the retrospective identification of six additional patients with alternative DPYD variants (two c.2846A>T and four c.1236G>A mutations). Grade ≥3 toxicities occurred in 71% of the patients before DPYD*2A screening versus 62% following upfront genotyping (p = 0.18). When retrospectively analyzing additional non-DPYD*2A variants, the relative risks for mucositis (RR 2.36 [1.39–2.13], p = 0.0063), dysphagia (RR 2.89 [1.20–5.11], p = 0.019), and aspiration pneumonia (RR 13 [2.42–61.5)], p = 0.00065) were all significantly increased. Conclusion: The DPYD*2A, c.2846A>T, and c.1236G>A polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk of grade ≥3 toxicity to 5-FU. Upfront DPYD genotyping can identify patients in whom 5-FU-related toxicity should be avoided.
Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment of Superficial Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer: Present Status and Future Perspectives
Authors: Ishihara Ryu
Published: January 2022

This review provides information regarding the preoperative examinations, indications for endoscopic resection (ER), and curability assessment in subjects with superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Narrow-band imaging (NBI) is a more sensitive modality for detecting esophageal cancer than conventional observation, and esophageal observation using NBI is thus recommended for the detection of superficial esophageal cancer. It is also important to adjust the volume of air in the esophagus during observation. Workup by non-magnifying followed by magnifying endoscopy is a common process for diagnosing the invasion depth of superficial esophageal SCCs in Japan. Endoscopic ultrasonography carries a risk of overdiagnosis, and its routine use is therefore not recommended. The Japanese endoscopic submucosal dissection/endoscopic mucosal resection guidelines for esophageal cancer considered the indications for ER based on the results of studies focusing on clinical MM/SM1 cancers, and concluded that clinical MM/SM1 carcinomas, except circumferential carcinoma, were an indication for ER. The curative effect of ER should be assessed based on histologic examination of the resected specimens. ER should be conducted based on a thorough understanding of the preoperative diagnosis, indication, curability, and additional treatment of esophageal SCC.
Taxonomic Review of the Genus Herpetoreas (Serpentes: Natricidae), with the Description of a New Species from Tibet, China
Authors: Ren Jin-Long , Jiang Ke , Huang Jun-Jie , David Patrick , Li Jia-Tang
Published: January 2022

The taxonomic history of the Amphiesma sensu lato has long been confused, and this complex was recently divided into three genera, i.e., Amphiesma Duméril, Bibron, and Duméril, 1854 sensu stricto, Hebius Thompson, 1913, and Herpetoreas Günther, 1860. Being the least known genus, Herpetoreas is reviewed herein through an integrative taxonomic approach. Our results indicate that specimens previously referred to Hebius parallelus (Boulenger, 1890) from Mêdog, Tibet, China, represent a new species. We describe here this new species and refer it to the genus Herpetoreas; therefore, we remove Hebius parallelus from the Chinese herpetofauna. A diagnostic key to all the species of Herpetoreas is also provided. Furthermore, we re-evaluate the diagnostic characters of the three genera formerly confused with Amphiesma, namely, Amphiesma, Hebius, and Herpetoreas. We provide a key to these three morphologically similar genera. We also emphasize the importance of the maxillary teeth and hemipenial morphology in the generic diagnosis in the family Natricidae.
The Stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera) of Israel: Past, Present, Future…?
Authors: Yanai Zohar
Published: January 2022

Of the more than 3900 described species worldwide, stoneflies (order Plecoptera) are represented in Israel, a semi-arid country, by as few as five species. As a group of highly sensitive aquatic insects, they are restricted to the northernmost watershed of the Sea of Galilee, where the most pristine streams in Israel are found. The Israeli stoneflies are not often collected in the field, and they have not been recorded in the literature in the last 30 years. In order to provide an up-to-date picture, I gathered the available historical records of the local fauna, as well as all verified data from the last decade, and compared the two datasets. Despite the unprecedented efforts that have recently been invested in studying freshwater macroinvertebrates in Israel, a sharp decrease in stonefly occurrence is evident. Whilst the populations of three species have dramatically declined (Protonemura zernyi, Leuctra hippopus, and L. kopetdaghi), the remaining two have not been collected at all in over four decades and are considered locally extinct (Brachyptera galeata and Marthamea beraudi). These findings highlight the joint impact of multiple stressors on the stream system in the Sea of Galilee Watershed—namely, stream pollution and water diversion on the local level and climate change on the global level. If the current trends continue, there is a great concern that the entire local stonefly fauna will become extinct, and many stream-dwelling taxa may follow soon after.
A New Approach in the Evaluation of Dairy Camels: Using Test Day Milk and Morphometric Records
Authors: Bitaraf Sani Morteza , Hosseini Seyed Ahmad , Asadzadeh Nader , Ghavipanje Navid , Afshin Mojtaba , Jasouri Mehdi , Banabazi Mohammad Hossein , Esmaeilkhanian Saeid , Zare Harofte Javad , Shafei Naderi Ali , Burger Pamela Anna
Published: January 2022

In the case of camels, there is little data in the literature on the relationship between body building features and the evaluation of milk yield. In the last decade, a rising interest in camel milk has been observed due to its nutritional and health-promoting properties, resulting in a growing market demand. Despite the remarkable importance of camels, very little improvement in camel breeding and selection for dairy purposes has been achieved. The current study aimed to provide a practical approach to the evaluation of dairy dromedaries based on test day milk and morphometric records. A total of 62 Sindi dairy camels were evaluated and 4176 daily milk records were registered in February, March, April, and May 2021. She-camels were milked twice per day (at morning and evening) by hand before calf sucking. The farming system was intensive with two times feeding. Three measurements had the highest scores in assessing: udder, teats distance and placement, and teats size, which included 45 out of 100 scores. Test day milk records were analysed using a simple repeatability model with two random effects. The range of daily milk yields was estimated between 0.1 to 8.70 kg. The mean of body scores was 77.19 (CI = 74.19–80.19). Daily milk yields moderately correlated with body score (r = +0.27). Additionally, udder circumference and abdomen girth were correlated to milk production. Using test day milk records in breeding programs can be appropriate for the selection and replacement of she-camels, but due to difficulties in accessing these data, using morphometric data is a good criterion for the evaluation of dromedaries in extensive systems.
Regression-Based Approach to Test Missing Data Mechanisms
Authors: Rouzinov Serguei , Berchtold André
Published: January 2022

Missing data occur in almost all surveys; in order to handle them correctly it is essential to know their type. Missing data are generally divided into three types (or generating mechanisms): missing completely at random, missing at random, and missing not at random. The first step to understand the type of missing data generally consists in testing whether the missing data are missing completely at random or not. Several tests have been developed for that purpose, but they have difficulties when dealing with non-continuous variables and data with a low quantity of missing data. Our approach checks whether the missing data are missing completely at random or missing at random using a regression model and a distribution test, and it can be applied to continuous and categorical data. The simulation results show that our regression-based approach tends to be more sensitive to the quantity and the type of missing data than the commonly used methods.
Validation and Clinical Utility of the Korean Version of the Obstetric Quality-of-Recovery Score (ObsQoR-11) Following Elective Cesarean Section: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Kang RyungA , Lee Seungwon , Lee Eunkyung , Cho Yoon Jee , Jeong Ji Seon , Choi Soo Joo , Gwak Mi Sook , Sim Woo Seog , Kim Duk Kyung , Ko Justin Sangwook
Published: January 2022

The Obstetric Quality of Recovery (ObsQoR-11) score is a new scoring tool that assesses maternal recovery after cesarean section (CS). We aimed to validate the translated Korean version of ObsQoR-11 (ObsQoR-11K) after elective CS. We validated ObsQoR-11K between March 2021 to August 2021. Validity (convergent, discriminant, and construct), reliability (Cronbach’s α, inter-item, split-half, and test-retest correlation), responsiveness, and clinical feasibility (recruitment rate and time for ObsQoR-11K completion) of ObsQoR-11K were evaluated. One hundred and twenty women completed the ObsQoR-11K 24 h after CS, and 24 women repeated it 25 h after CS. We found good convergent validity between the ObsQoR-11K score and the global health numerical rating scale (NRS) (ρ = 0.73 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.81); p < 0.001). The ObsQoR-11K score discriminated well between good (NRS ≥ 70 mm, n = 68, 69.6 ± 13.7) and poor recovery (NRS < 70 mm, n = 52, 50.6 ± 12.6, p < 0.001). The ObsQoR-11K score showed acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.78), split-half reliability (0.89), intra-class correlation > 0.4, and no floor or ceiling effect. Of the participants, 100% completed the ObsQoR-11K and median (IQR) time for ObsQoR-11K completion was 81 s (66–97.5 s). ObsQoR-11K is a valid and reliable scoring tool for assessing maternal recovery after elective CS in Korean women.
Grade 1 and 2 Chondrosarcomas of the Chest Wall: CT Imaging Features and Review of the Literature
Authors: Del Grande Filippo , Ahlawat Shivani , McCarthy Edward , Fayad Laura M.
Published: January 2022

The purpose of our retrospective article is to review the CT imaging features of chondrosarcomas of the chest wall with pathologic correlation. For 26 subjects with biopsy-proven chondrosarcomas of the chest wall, two musculoskeletal radiologists retrospectively reviewed 26 CT scans in consensus. Descriptive statistics were performed. The mean tumor size was 57 mm. Twenty (20/26, 77%) chondrosarcomas were located in the ribs and six (6/26, 23%) in the sternum. The majority were lytic (19/26, 73%) with <25% calcification (15/26, 58%), and with a soft tissue mass (22/27, 85%). In this study CT features of grade 1 chondrosarcoma overlapped with those of grade 2 tumors. In conclusion, chondrosarcomas of the chest wall are generally lytic with an associated soft tissue mass, showing little calcified matrix and low-to-intermediate grade.
Evaluation of MMR Status and PD-L1 Expression Using Specimens Obtained by EUS-FNB in Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC)
Authors: Constantin Alina , Iovănescu Vlad , Cazacu Irina Mihaela , Ungureanu Bogdan Silviu , Copăescu Cătălin , Stroescu Cezar , Bejinariu Nona , Săftoiu Adrian
Published: January 2022

Deficient DNA mismatch repair status (dMMR)/high microsatellite instability have been shown to be predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitor drugs which block the programmed death protein-1/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) interaction between tumor cells and activated T cells. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of MMR status and quantification of PD-L1 expression in pancreatic endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS FNB) specimens. Immunochemistry (IHC) was performed on consecutive archived treatment-naïve formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded EUS-FNB samples. The specimens were considered to have PD-L1 expression if PD-L1 was expressed in ≥1% of tumor cells and a high level of expression if ≥50%. Tumors with absent nuclear staining of DNA mismatch repair proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, or PMS2) were classified as dMMR. A total of 28 treatment-naïve patients who underwent EUS-FNB and had a final diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) were included in the study. All the EUS-FNB samples were adequate for the evaluation of MMR and PD-L1 expression. None of the patients with PDAC included in the study had a dMMR tumor. PD-L1 expression was identified in 39% of the cohort (n = 11). Expression thresholds of ≥1%, ≥10%, and ≥50% in tumor cells were identified in 11 (39%), 4 (14%), and 1 (4%) patients, respectively. The evaluation of MMR status and PD-L1 can be successfully performed on EUS-FNB pancreatic specimens. Furthermore, MMR expression failed to show utility in recognizing immunotherapy vulnerability in pancreatic cancer; the only recommendation for testing remains for patients with heritable cancers. Meanwhile high PD-L1 expression was correlated with poor prognosis. This association may identify a subgroup of patients where immune checkpoints inhibitors could provide therapeutic benefits, spotlighting the role of EUS-FNB in the field of immune-oncology.
Occupational Lyme Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Magnavita Nicola , Capitanelli Ilaria , Ilesanmi Olayinka , Chirico Francesco
Published: January 2022

Lyme disease (LD) can have significant consequences for the health of workers. The frequency of infection can be estimated by using prevalence and incidence data on antibodies against Borrelia Burgdoferi (BB). A systematic search of studies published in English between 2002 and 2021 and a meta-analysis were conducted in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Out of a total of 1125 studies retrieved, 35 articles were included in the systematic review. Overall, in these studies, outdoor workers showed a 20.5% BB seroprevalence rate. Meta-analysis, performed on 15 studies (3932 subjects), revealed a significantly increased risk in outdoor activities (OR 1.93 95%CI 1.15–3.23), with medium-level heterogeneity (I2 = 69.2%), and non-significant publication bias. The estimated OR in forestry and agricultural workers was 2.36 (CI95% 1.28; 4.34) in comparison with the controls, while a non-significant increase in risk (OR = 1.05, CI95% 0.28; 3.88) was found in the remaining categories of workers (veterinarians, animal breeders, soldiers). The estimated pooled risk was significantly higher in the studies published until 2010 (OR 3.03 95%CI 1.39–6.61), while in more recent studies the odds became non-significant (OR 1.08 95% CI 0.63–1.85). The promotion of awareness campaigns targeting outdoor workers in endemic areas, and the implementation of local programs aimed at controlling range expansion of vectors, are key strategies for protecting workers.
Diagnostic Value of Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Endoscopic Ultrasound for Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dumitrescu Elena Adriana , Ungureanu Bogdan Silviu , Cazacu Irina M. , Florescu Lucian Mihai , Streba Liliana , Croitoru Vlad M. , Sur Daniel , Croitoru Adina , Turcu-Stiolica Adina , Lungulescu Cristian Virgil
Published: January 2022

We performed a meta-analysis of published data to investigate the diagnostic value of artificial intelligence for pancreatic cancer. Systematic research was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science to identify relevant studies up to October 2021. We extracted or calculated the number of true positives, false positives true negatives, and false negatives from the selected publications. In total, 10 studies, featuring 1871 patients, met our inclusion criteria. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. R and RevMan 5.4.1 software were used for calculations and statistical analysis. The studies included in the meta-analysis did not show an overall heterogeneity (I2 = 0%), and no significant differences were found from the subgroup analysis. The pooled diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 0.92 (95% CI, 0.89–0.95) and 0.9 (95% CI, 0.83–0.94), respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristics curve was 0.95, and the diagnostic odds ratio was 128.9 (95% CI, 71.2–233.8), indicating very good diagnostic accuracy for the detection of pancreatic cancer. Based on these promising preliminary results and further testing on a larger dataset, artificial intelligence-assisted endoscopic ultrasound could become an important tool for the computer-aided diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
Surgical Site Cytology to Diagnose Spinal Lesions
Authors: Koepke Leon-Gordian , Heuer Annika , Stangenberg Martin , Dreimann Marc , Welker Lutz , Bokemeyer Carsten , Strahl André , Asemissen Anne Marie , Viezens Lennart
Published: January 2022

Patients with new-onset malignant spinal lesions often have an urgent need for local spine intervention and systemic therapy. For optimal management, it is crucial to diagnose the underlying disease as quickly and reliably as possible. The aim of our current study was to determine the feasibility, sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic certainty of complementary cytological evaluation of spinal lesions suspected of malignancy. In 44 patients, we performed histopathological biopsies and in parallel cytologic preparations from the malignant site. Cytological smears were prepared and stained for May-Grunwald and Giemsa. Bone biopsies were histopathologically analyzed according to the existing standard-of-care practices. In 42 of 44 cases (95%), a cytological sample was successfully obtained. In 40 cases (95.2%, Cohen’s kappa: 0.77), the cytological diagnosis agreed with the histological diagnosis regarding the identification of a malignant lesion. This resulted in a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 80% as well as a diagnostic safety of 95%. Cytological analysis in the context of spinal surgery proved sufficient to establish a diagnosis of malignancy or its exclusion, expanding the existing diagnostic spectrum. Furthermore, implementation of this process as a routine clinical diagnostic might shorten the time to diagnosis and improve the treatment of this vulnerable patient group.
A Word-Granular Adversarial Attacks Framework for Causal Event Extraction
Authors: Zhao Yu , Zuo Wanli , Liang Shining , Yuan Xiaosong , Zhang Yijia , Zuo Xianglin
Published: January 2022

As a data augmentation method, masking word is commonly used in many natural language processing tasks. However, most mask methods are based on rules and are not related to downstream tasks. In this paper, we propose a novel masking word generator, named Actor-Critic Mask Model (ACMM), which can adaptively adjust the mask strategy according to the performance of downstream tasks. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method, we conducted experiments on two causal event extraction datasets. Experiment results show that, compared with various rule-based masking methods, the masked sentences generated by our proposed method can significantly enhance the generalization of the model and improve the model performance.
Unraveling Hidden Major Factors by Breaking Heterogeneity into Homogeneous Parts within Many-System Problems
Authors: Chou Elizabeth P. , Chen Ting-Li , Fushing Hsieh
Published: January 2022

For a large ensemble of complex systems, a Many-System Problem (MSP) studies how heterogeneity constrains and hides structural mechanisms, and how to uncover and reveal hidden major factors from homogeneous parts. All member systems in an MSP share common governing principles of dynamics, but differ in idiosyncratic characteristics. A typical dynamic is found underlying response features with respect to covariate features of quantitative or qualitative data types. Neither all-system-as-one-whole nor individual system-specific functional structures are assumed in such response-vs-covariate (Re–Co) dynamics. We developed a computational protocol for identifying various collections of major factors of various orders underlying Re–Co dynamics. We first demonstrate the immanent effects of heterogeneity among member systems, which constrain compositions of major factors and even hide essential ones. Secondly, we show that fuller collections of major factors are discovered by breaking heterogeneity into many homogeneous parts. This process further realizes Anderson’s “More is Different” phenomenon. We employ the categorical nature of all features and develop a Categorical Exploratory Data Analysis (CEDA)-based major factor selection protocol. Information theoretical measurements—conditional mutual information and entropy—are heavily used in two selection criteria: C1—confirmable and C2—irreplaceable. All conditional entropies are evaluated through contingency tables with algorithmically computed reliability against the finite sample phenomenon. We study one artificially designed MSP and then two real collectives of Major League Baseball (MLB) pitching dynamics with 62 slider pitchers and 199 fastball pitchers, respectively. Finally, our MSP data analyzing techniques are applied to resolve a scientific issue related to the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale.
Normalized Augmented Inverse Probability Weighting with Neural Network Predictions
Authors: Rostami Mehdi , Saarela Olli
Published: January 2022

The estimation of average treatment effect (ATE) as a causal parameter is carried out in two steps, where in the first step, the treatment and outcome are modeled to incorporate the potential confounders, and in the second step, the predictions are inserted into the ATE estimators such as the augmented inverse probability weighting (AIPW) estimator. Due to the concerns regarding the non-linear or unknown relationships between confounders and the treatment and outcome, there has been interest in applying non-parametric methods such as machine learning (ML) algorithms instead. Some of the literature proposes to use two separate neural networks (NNs) where there is no regularization on the network’s parameters except the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) in the NN’s optimization. Our simulations indicate that the AIPW estimator suffers extensively if no regularization is utilized. We propose the normalization of AIPW (referred to as nAIPW) which can be helpful in some scenarios. nAIPW, provably, has the same properties as AIPW, that is, the double-robustness and orthogonality properties. Further, if the first-step algorithms converge fast enough, under regulatory conditions, nAIPW will be asymptotically normal. We also compare the performance of AIPW and nAIPW in terms of the bias and variance when small to moderate L1 regularization is imposed on the NNs.
Towards Unification of General Relativity and Quantum Theory: Dendrogram Representation of the Event-Universe
Authors: Shor Oded , Benninger Felix , Khrennikov Andrei
Published: January 2022

Following Smolin, we proceed to unification of general relativity and quantum theory by operating solely with events, i.e., without appealing to physical systems and space-time. The universe is modelled as a dendrogram (finite tree) expressing the hierarchic relations between events. This is the observational (epistemic) model; the ontic model is based on p-adic numbers (infinite trees). Hence, we use novel mathematics: not only space-time but even real numbers are not in use. Here, the p-adic space (which is zero-dimensional) serves as the base for the holographic image of the universe. In this way our theory is connected with p-adic physics; in particular, p-adic string theory and complex disordered systems (p-adic representation of the Parisi matrix for spin glasses). Our Dendrogramic-Holographic (DH) theory matches perfectly with the Mach’s principle and Brans–Dicke theory. We found a surprising informational interrelation between the fundamental constants, h, c, G, and their DH analogues, h(D), c(D), G(D). DH theory is part of Wheeler’s project on the information restructuring of physics. It is also a step towards the Unified Field theory. The universal potential V is nonlocal, but this is relational DH nonlocality. V can be coupled to the Bohm quantum potential by moving to the real representation. This coupling enhances the role of the Bohm potential.
The Classical–Quantum Passage: A van der Waals Description
Authors: Pennini Flavia , Plastino Angel
Published: January 2022

We undertake a van der Waals inquiry at very low temperatures so as to find signs of a classical–quantum frontier. We investigate the relation of such signs with the celebrated van der Waals gas–liquid transition. We specialize the discussion with respect to the noble gases. For such purpose, we use rather novel thermal statistical quantifiers such as the disequilibrium, the statistical complexity, and the thermal efficiency. Fruitful insights are thereby gained.
Personnel Costs and Labour Productivity: The Case of European Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Stundziene Alina , Baliute Asta
Published: January 2022

The objective of the article is to evaluate the impact of personnel costs on apparent labour productivity by employing the 1995–2018 panel data of the manufacturing industry in 27 European countries. The methods of independent samples t-test, correlation analysis, Granger causality test, unit root test, and ARDL were employed. The analysis shows that a long-term relationship exists among personnel costs and apparent labour productivity, and there are not significant differences among European countries concerning the impact of personnel costs on apparent labour productivity, but it varies in time. Companies often avoid increasing wages, as it decreases the profit of the company, and seek to increase the turnover in order to reduce the cost of goods sold. This research shows that growth of personnel costs does not necessarily mean lower profitability. The growth of personnel costs increases the gross operating rate if the turnover per person employed is stable. Turnover growth has a positive effect on apparent labour productivity, but a negative impact on the gross operating rate. Thus, the impact of turnover on apparent labour productivity is significantly lower than the impact of personnel costs on apparent labour productivity.
Theoretical and Numerical Analysis of Nonlinear Processes in Amperometric Enzyme Electrodes with Cyclic Substrate Conversion
Authors: Sylvia Vinolyn , Salomi Rajendran Joy , Rajendran Lakshmanan , Lyons Michael E. G.
Published: January 2022

A theoretical model of amperometric enzyme electrodes has been developed in which chemical amplification occurs in a single enzyme membrane via cyclic substrate conversion. The system is based on non-stationary diffusion equations with a nonlinear factor related to the Michaelis–Menten kinetics of the enzymatic reaction. By solving the nonlinear equations using the AGM technique, simple analytical expressions of concentration substrate, product, and amperometric current response are derived. Further, biosensor sensitivity, resistance, and gain are obtained from the current. MATLAB programming was used to carry out the digital simulation. The analytical results are validated with the numerical results. The effect of substrate concentration, maximum enzymatic rate, and membrane thickness on biosensor response was evaluated.
AViLab—Gamified Virtual Educational Tool for Introduction to Agent Theory Fundamentals
Authors: Petrović Vladimir M. , Kovačević Branko D.
Published: January 2022

The development and increased popularity of interactive computer games, metaverses, and virtual worlds in general, has over the years attracted the attention of various researchers. Therefore, it is not surprising that the educational potential of these virtual environments (e.g., virtual laboratories) is of particular interest to a wider scientific community, with numerous successful examples coming from different fields, starting from social sciences, to STEM disciplines. However, when it comes to agent theory, which is a highly important part of the general AI (Artificial Intelligence) research focus, there is a noticeable absence of such educational tools. To be more precise, there is a certain lack of virtual educational systems dedicated primarily to agents. That was the motivation for the development of the AViLab (Agents Virtual Laboratory) gamified system, as a demonstration tool for educational purposes in the related subject of agent theory. The developed system is thoroughly described in this paper. The current version of the AViLab consists of several agents (developed according to the agenda elaborated in the manuscript), aiming to demonstrate certain insights into fundamental agent structures. Although the task imposed to our agents essentially represents a sort of “picking” or “collecting” task, the scenario in the system is rather gamified, in order to be more immersive for potential users, spectators, or possible test subjects. This kind of task was chosen because of its wide applicability in both, gaming scenarios and real-world everyday scenarios. In order to demonstrate how AViLab can be utilized, we conducted an exemplar experiment, described in the paper. Alongside its educational purpose, the AViLab system also has the potential to be used for research purposes in the related subjects of agent theory, AI, and game AI, especially regarding future system extensions (including the introduction of new scenarios, more advanced agents, etc.).
Theoretical and Experimental Study on Assessment of Flow-Mediated Dilatation Using the Cuff Method in Brachial Arteries
Authors: Wang Jia-Jung , Liu Shing-Hong , Pan Yong-Hong , Tseng Wei-Kung , Chen Wenxi
Published: January 2022

Endothelial dysfunction has been shown to be an important risk factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure. The flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the peripheral arteries is an endothelium-dependent function, which is assessed by measuring the diameter change in the brachial artery before and after ischemic stress. Brachial-artery ultrasound scanning (BAUS) is the gold standard for assessing the FMD in clinical practice. However, ultrasonography requires an operator or physician with a professional training to perform accurate measurement of the diameter of the brachial artery. Thus, some studies have used the cuff method to measure the FMD in percentage, the value of which is significantly larger than that using BAUS. The goal of this study was to explore this phenomenon. We explain the interaction between the volume changes (oscillation magnitudes in volume due to cardiac pulsations) of the artery and cuff bladder under different transmural pressures when a sphygmomanometer is wrapped around an upper arm. The compliance of the cuff bladder would be of a fixed value when the cuff pressure is low. The cuff-volume change could be replaced with a cuff-pressure change (oscillation magnitude in cuff pressure due to cardiac pulsation). With the cuff method, the FMDc could be assessed with pressure changes. Then, an inequality formula regarding FMD values by both BAUS (FMDu) and the cuff method (FMDc) was derived; FMDc > 2*FMDu + FMDu2. In order to experimentally verify this inequality formula, fifty-one subjects, including thirty-eight healthy adults and thirteen patients with hypertension, participated in this study. The systolic and diastolic diameters of their brachial arteries and cuff-pressure changes due to cardiac pulsations were separately measured by BAUS and a pressure sensor before and after an ischemic stress. The results showed that FMDu and FMDc were 8.1 ± 4.3% and 121.6 ± 48.6% in the healthy group and 4.5 ± 1.1% and 55.2 ± 22.8% in the patient group, respectively. Thus, the experimental findings comply with the theoretically derived inequality formula.
Cascaded-like High-Step-Down Converter with Single Switch and Leakage Energy Recycling in Single-Stage Structure
Authors: Shen Chih-Lung , Chen Li-Zhong , Chuang Tsung-Yung , Liang Yu-Shan
Published: January 2022

A cascaded-like high-step-down converter (CHSDC) is proposed in this article, which can steeply convert a high voltage to a much lower level without the utilizing of extreme turns ratio or duty ratio. The proposed converter integrates two buck-boost converters and one forward converter to form a single-stage architecture containing only a single low-side driving switch, which, as a result, can lower the cost and reduce the complexity of the associated control driver. Even in a single-stage single-switch structure, the ability to step down input voltage is as effective as the cascade of two buck-boosts and one forward converter. Meanwhile, the proposed converter can avoid the low efficiency caused by a cascaded structure. Without an additional clamp circuit, the leakage energy stored in the transformer of the CHSDC can be still recycled so as to raise the efficiency of the converter and suppress voltage spikes at the power switch. Converter operation principle and key parameter design are discussed. Moreover, a 200 W prototype is built and then tested to validate the proposed converter and verify the theoretical analysis.
Location Based Indoor and Outdoor Lightweight Activity Recognition System
Authors: Bilbao-Jayo Aritz , Cantero Xabier , Almeida Aitor , Fasano Luca , Montanaro Teodoro , Sergi Ilaria , Patrono Luigi
Published: January 2022

In intelligent environments one of the most relevant information that can be gathered about users is their location. Their position can be easily captured without the need for a large infrastructure through devices such as smartphones or smartwatches that we easily carry around in our daily life, providing new opportunities and services in the field of pervasive computing and sensing. Location data can be very useful to infer additional information in some cases such as elderly or sick care, where inferring additional information such as the activities or types of activities they perform can provide daily indicators about their behavior and habits. To do so, we present a system able to infer user activities in indoor and outdoor environments using Global Positioning System (GPS) data together with open data sources such as OpenStreetMaps (OSM) to analyse the user’s daily activities, requiring a minimal infrastructure.
An Ultra-Low Power Threshold Voltage Variable Artificial Retina Neuron
Authors: Wang Qiguang , Pan Guangchen , Jiang Yanfeng
Published: January 2022

An artificial retina neuron is proposed and implemented by CMOS technology. It can be used as an image sensor in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) field with the benefit of ultra-low power consumption. The artificial neuron can generate signals in spike shape with pre-designed frequencies under different light intensities. The power consumption is reduced by removing the film capacitor. The comparator is adopted to improve the stability of the circuit, and the power consumption of the comparator is optimized. The power consumption of the proposed CMOS neuron circuit is suppressed. The ultra-low-power artificial neuron with variable threshold shows a frequency range of 0.8–80 kHz when the input current is varied from 1 pA to 150 pA. The minimum DC power is 35 pW when the input current is 5 pA. The minimum energy of the neuron is 3 fJ. The proposed ultra-low-power artificial retina neuron has wide potential applications in the field of AI.
An Innovative Low Cost Educational Underwater Robotics Platform for Promoting Engineering Interest among Secondary School Students
Authors: El-Fakdi Andres , Cufí Xavier
Published: January 2022

The presented article describes the design features of an educational robotics project addressed for secondary school students and carried out at the University of Girona (UdG). The project, called Underwater Robotics Workshop, is about the students building an underwater exploration robotic vehicle using low-cost materials. Its ultimate objective is to promote engineering interest among students and motivate them to direct their future studies towards engineering degrees. The main purpose of this article is to describe this activity and to promote it. Versatility and adaptation are key values as the activity has been designed to be adapted to convenience or replicated. It is a continuation work of a previously published articles, now describing different technological adaptations related to the design of the vehicle’s controller, and the gathered experiences from added workshop celebrations in the recent years. The workshop has been defined as a project-based learning approach where the students learn about physics, engineering, electronics, programming, and robotics, as well as to use all kinds of working tools, according to the maker philosophy. To date, the opinions collected from the participants encourage continuation of the activity and, at the same time, ask for the introduction of novelties to keep the workshop updated with the contents of the subjects related to technology and sciences. This project is being held for more than 13 years in the UdG. More than 800 secondary school students have participated in the activity, building about 200 underwater vehicles in more than 50 editions of the workshop.
How US Suppliers Alter Their Extraction Rates and What This Means for Peak Oil Theory
Authors: Perifanis Theodosios
Published: January 2022

Hubbert suggests that oil extraction rates will have an exponentially increasing course until they reach their highest level and then they will suddenly decline. This best describes the well-acclaimed Peak Oil Theory or Peak Oil. We research whether the theory is validated in seven US plays after the shale revolution. We do so by applying two well-established methodologies for asset bubble detection in capital markets on productivity rates per day (bbl/d). Our hypothesis is that if there is a past or an ongoing oil extraction rate peak then Hubbert’s model is verified. If there are multiple episodes of productivity peaks, then it is rejected. We find that the Peak Theory is not confirmed and that shale production mainly responds to demand signals. Therefore, the oil production curve is flattened prolonging oil dependency and energy transition. Since the US production is free of geological constraints, then maximum productivity may not ever be reached due to lower demand levels. Past market failures make the US producers more cautious with productivity increases. Our period is between January 2008 and December 2021.
The Application of the Thermal Stabilization Prompted by the Ice Cover Expansion Considering the Energy Production Optimization in the Dam-Reservoir Coupled Systems on the Vistula River
Authors: Kolerski Tomasz , Radan Parisa
Published: January 2022

In this study, the thermal stabilization of a water resource together with an energy production optimization in the power plant of the dam–reservoir coupled system is conducted. This coupled dam system is designed to consist of a primary (Włocławek) and secondary (Siarzewo) dam due to the erosion control aspect. The other beneficial aspect of this coupled dam design is to have an additional power plant, with the aim of achieving more efficient renewable energy production. One of the factors to be included in the conditions influencing the energy production is the ice formation in the reservoir and tailwater due to the hydrodynamic and meteorological conditions of the site location. Frazil formation and jam may reduce the power plant efficiency. The concept of thermal stabilization, based on the previous studies, refers to providing the ice cover in the reservoir section of a dam to isolate the water from thermal condition. In this research, the ice cover expansion is triggered by the discharge reduction over a specific time and the entire study site. The optimized discharge for stimulating the ice cover through the night was found based on the results, leading to the desired thermal stabilization. This power loss emerged by reduced water withdrawal in the specific time during the day (nighttime), and will be remedied by the more suitable hydrodynamic condition over winter.
Probabilistic Optimization Techniques in Smart Power System
Authors: Riaz Muhammad , Ahmad Sadiq , Hussain Irshad , Naeem Muhammad , Mihet-Popa Lucian
Published: January 2022

Uncertainties are the most significant challenges in the smart power system, necessitating the use of precise techniques to deal with them properly. Such problems could be effectively solved using a probabilistic optimization strategy. It is further divided into stochastic, robust, distributionally robust, and chance-constrained optimizations. The topics of probabilistic optimization in smart power systems are covered in this review paper. In order to account for uncertainty in optimization processes, stochastic optimization is essential. Robust optimization is the most advanced approach to optimize a system under uncertainty, in which a deterministic, set-based uncertainty model is used instead of a stochastic one. The computational complexity of stochastic programming and the conservativeness of robust optimization are both reduced by distributionally robust optimization.Chance constrained algorithms help in solving the constraints optimization problems, where finite probability get violated. This review paper discusses microgrid and home energy management, demand-side management, unit commitment, microgrid integration, and economic dispatch as examples of applications of these techniques in smart power systems. Probabilistic mathematical models of different scenarios, for which deterministic approaches have been used in the literature, are also presented. Future research directions in a variety of smart power system domains are also presented.
Smart Distribution Network Situation Awareness for High-Quality Operation and Maintenance: A Brief Review
Authors: Ge Leijiao , Li Yuanliang , Li Yuanliang , Yan Jun , Sun Yonghui
Published: January 2022

In order to meet the requirements of high-tech enterprises for high power quality, high-quality operation and maintenance (O&M) in smart distribution networks (SDN) is becoming increasingly important. As a significant element in enhancing the high-quality O&M of SDN, situation awareness (SA) began to excite the significant interest of scholars and managers, especially after the integration of intermittent renewable energy into SDN. Specific to high-quality O&M, the paper decomposes SA into three stages: detection, comprehension, and projection. In this paper, the state-of-the-art knowledge of SND SA is discussed, a review of critical technologies is presented, and a five-layer visualization framework of the SDN SA is constructed. SA detection aims to improve the SDN observability, SA comprehension is associated with the SDN operating status, and SA projection pertains to the analysis of the future SDN situation. The paper can provide researchers and utility engineers with insights into the technical achievements, barriers, and future research directions of SDN SA.
State of the Art of Technologies in Adaptive Dynamic Building Envelopes (ADBEs)
Authors: Mohtashami Negar , Fuchs Nico , Fotopoulou Maria , Drosatos Panagiotis , Streblow Rita , Osterhage Tanja , Müller Dirk
Published: January 2022

The design of adaptive façades as complex systems that dynamically respond to weather conditions and occupants’ demands is rapidly increasing in modern constructions since they are highly energy efficient. Adaptive Dynamic Building Envelopes (ADBEs) exploit the benefits of technologies that manage the energy and mass transfer between building and outdoor environments actively and selectively. There is a wide range of technologies used in the design of ADBEs that differ from one another in terms of user controllability and the level of how active or passive their technologies are. This paper provides a systematic search in literature on the technologies devised in the ADBEs, specifying the most prevalent practices, and highlights the most cutting-edge research approximations. The analysis shows more than half of the studies use photovoltaics (PVs) in their design. Using mechanical ventilation and heat pumps were the next popular choices. Moreover, approximately half of the studies were carried out using simulation methods alone, whereas only 13% of studies couple simulations with experimental work. This highlights a clear gap in coupling digital modeling and simulation software with practical field testing and successful mass production.