bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrasi Keilmuan dalam Penyelenggaraan STIKES di Ponpes Qamarul Huda Bagu Lombok Tengah
Authors: Nurdin Nurdin , Mukhtar Lalu
Published: July 2020

Abstrak: kehadiran STIKES di Ponpes Qamarul Huda, menunjukkan bahwa integrasi keilmuan bukanlah wacana dan upaya milik akademisi PTAI an sich, namun kini pesantren telah memberanikan diri untuk melakukan perubahan epistimologi yang jauh lebih mendasar dibandingkan PTAI. Mendalami fenomena ini, metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: pertama, penyelenggaraan STIKES di Ponpes Qamarul Huda Bagu dilatarbelakangi oleh multi faktor, yaitu faktor sosial ekonomi masyarakat, perubahan paradigma keagamaan, dinamika pendidikan baik eksternal maupun internal Ponpes Qamarul Huda, dan kebutuhan masyarakat terhadap pelayanan kesehatan yang memadai; Kedua, berbagai strategi yang dilakukan untuk integrasi keilmuan belum mencerminkan upaya yang sistematis dan integral dalam proses akademis.; dan Ketiga, implikasi dari ketidaksistematisan berbagai upaya yang dilakukan tersebut, struktur keilmuan di STIKES Qamarul Huda merupakan adopsi secara utuh struktur keilmuan kesehatan an-sich, sementara muatan keilmuan keislaman yang tertuang dalam Mata Kuliah Aswaja ditempatkan sebagai suplemen yang tidak memiliki signifikansi. Secara kelembagaan integrasi antara pesantrean dan perguruan tinggi umum di Ponpes Qamarul Huda masih terbatas pada integrasi kelembagaan, belum masuk ke integrasi yang lebih substansial yaitu integrasi keilmuan. Integrasi keilmuan masih mencerminkan model single entity dimana ilmu agama Islam yang tercantum dalam Awaja masih berdiri sendiri dengan bobot yang masih terbatas.

Abstract: Presence of STIKES in Ponpes Qamarul Huda, indicating that integration of science is not discourses and the effort of academician of PTAI itself, but nowadays Pesantren has make a change much more in the based on epistemology compared than PTAI. To comprehend this phenomenon, the method used is descriptive qualitative. The result of research indicate, firstly, management of STIKES in Ponpes Qamarul Huda Bagu which has background by factor multi, that is social factor of social economics, religious paradigm, dynamics education of goodness external and internal of Ponpes Qamarul Huda, and social need toward of adequate health; secondly, various strategy has conducted for the integration of science is not yet reflected in systematic effort in integral and academic process; and third, the implication of various itself, the science structure in STIKES Qamarul Huda represent a adoption the structure health science whereas concern in Islamic education with Aswaja program as supplement which do not have significances. As Institute regulation the integration between public college and Ponpes Qamarul Huda is still limited in institute integration, it is not more integration as substantial that is integration science. Integration science still express in single model where Islam theology which is contained in Awaja still self supporting which still limited subject.
Use of Removable Partial Denture in Child with Papillon-Lefevre Syndrome: Case Report
Authors: Saskianti Tania , Ramadhani Karina , Ainayah Aulia Nuur , Dewi Ardianti Maartrina
Published: July 2020

Background: Papillon-Levefre Syndrome (PLS) is a rare genetic disorder with prevalence of 1-4 cases per millions of birth, characterized by the presence of palmar-plantar hyperkeratosis and rapid periodontal destruction of both the primary and secondary dentition. Purpose: This clinical report described such a rare condition with special attention on its diagnostic characterization, various treatment options and Prosthodontic rehabilitation. Case: Five years-old boy accompanied by his mother came to Pediatric Dentistry Specialist Clinic, Universitas Airlangga Dental Hospital - Surabaya with the chief complaint of gradually loss of upper and lower teeth since the patient was 3 years old. Case Management: Removable partial denture was chosen because it was considered as an appliance that can recover the function of mastication, speech and aesthetic patient. Removable partial denture was designed to replace 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 72, 73, 74, 75, 82, 83, 84 and 85 with retention on 16, 26, 36 and 46, and anterior bite riser on 31 and 41. Conclusion.Removable partial denture is the treatment of choice for children with PLS who are still in the growth period because it can recover mastication and aesthetic functions, have a good aesthetic, and easy maintenance that could done by the child.
Neuromodulation Intervention in Resistant Depression
Authors: Prasetya Era Catur , Basoeki Lestari
Published: July 2020

Treatment-resistant depression occurs in about 20% of all Major Deppresion Disorder patients. In addition to the high cost of treatment to be borne, the high functional disability rate, the suicide rate triggered by the disorder is also quite large. Various efforts were made to overcome this, including dose optimization and duration of treatment, substitution of drug selection, combination therapy and augmentation using non-antidepressant drugs and bilateral electroconvulsion therapy. Current pharmacological options according to some experts are no more efficacious than the 1950s. Clearly, a novel therapeutic approach to treatment - resistant depression disorders is urgently needed. Over the last few decades, there has been a renewed interest in focal neuromodulation as a treatment approach for neuropsychiatric conditions. The neuromodulation-based interventions discussed include Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), which are non invasive intervention therapy and Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) and Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), which are invasive interventional therapies. This literature review proves that, although today only TMS and VNS have been approved for use by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States, but neuromodilation-based intervention therapy has proven to be promising as a more effective and efficient resistant depression therapy in the future.
Parental Alienation Syndrome (Focus on Management)
Authors: Gani Rina Krismiati , Kalalo Royke Tony
Published: July 2020

Parental Alienation Syndrome (PAS) is a process in which one parent (Aligned Parent) teaches his children to reject or antago- nize other parents (Rejected Parent) which results in disruption to the relationship between children and parents. PAS can be a central issue in child custody disputes and is a form of emotional abuse to children that can disrupt the process of growth and development of children and cause mental disorders in the children's future. Although there are differences of opinion about PAS, the impact can already be seen in children who are in the PAS situation. In severe PAS conditions, disorders in children can occur in the dimensions of behavior, emotions, and cognitive. In the long run, someone who has been exposed to PAS in childhood has a greater likelihood of experiencing depression, anxiety, and decreased quality of life in the future. Given the mag- nitude of the impact caused by PAS, it is necessary to do the management carried out simultaneously by mental health practition- ers, legal professionals and the court. Therapeutic interventions that can be carried out include Multi Model Family Intervention (MMFI), Family Reflections Reunification Program (FRRP), Overcoming Barriers Family Camp (OBFC), Parallel Group Ther- apy, and Family Bridges Workshop. There is no conclusion which intervention is the best. Ultimately, the goal of family therapy is to achieve and maintain healthy parent-child relationships.
Effets du génotype de maïs ensilage sur les performances zootechniques de vaches laitières
Authors: BARRIERE Y. , EMILE J.C. , ARGILLIER O. , HEBERT Y.
Published: July 2020

Au cours de 4 années d’expérimentation avec des vaches laitières, différents hybrides de maïs choisis pour leur valeur énergétique mesurée sur moutons standards ont été comparés en ensilage de la plante entière. Les hybrides dont la valeur énergétique estimée sur les moutons était la plus élevée permettent des productions de lait standard supérieures de 1 à 2 kg et des reprises de poids pouvant atteindre 300 g de plus par jour. Les écarts de quantités de matière sèche d’ensilage ingérées ont également atteint 1,5 kg à teneur en matière sèche et teneur en grain constantes. Si les mesures faites sur moutons, comme les mesures de solubilités enzymatiques, permettent nettement de distinguer les hybrides à bonne valeur énergétique des hybrides à faible valeur énergétique, elles ne permettent en revanche pas de classer correctement les hybrides au sein de chacun de ces deux groupes. Enfin, aucune des mesures effectuées sur moutons ou in vitro ne permet de prédire la variabilité observée pour l’ingestibilité.
Dans une exploitation laitière, un troupeau ovin complémentaire. Mise au point d’un système de production en ferme expérimentale
Authors: ROUEL J. , BONY J. , LAIGNEL G. , LIENARD G. , THERIEZ M.
Published: July 2020

L’existence des quotas laitiers dans l’Union Européenne depuis 1984 entraîne une modification des conditions de développement des exploitations laitières. Sans attribution de références supplémentaires, l’augmentation du rendement laitier par vache entraîne une réduction du nombre de vaches qui peut rendre disponible une partie des surfaces fourragères pour d’autres productions. Lorsque les céréales ne sont pas envisageables, les choix d’une production alternative sont réduits et se limitent à l’élevage d’autres herbivores, génisses, mâles engraissés, bovins allaitants, ovins.
Dans les zones de montagne où l’élevage ovin est déjà présent, comme dans le Massif Central, les éleveurs laitiers peuvent plus facilement entreprendre cette production. L’article présente les résultats d’une étude en ferme expérimentale sur cinq années (de 1989-90 à 1993-94), dont l’objectif a été la mise au point d’un système de production ovin adapté aux contraintes et exigences d’un élevage laitier intensif, et qui tienne également compte des possibilités de commercialisation des agneaux. L’expérience a été menée dans un domaine INRA situé dans les Monts d’Auvergne à 1 000 mètres d’altitude. Les brebis sont de race rustique (Limousines). La complémentarité économique avec les vaches laitières permet de concevoir un système ovin moins productif qu’en élevage spécialisé, mais il doit être moins exigeant en travail, tout en facilitant l’entretien du territoire : le système finalement adopté repose sur un seul agnelage par brebis et par an ayant lieu en juillet-août, avant le début des premiers vêlages en octobre. Le travail est réparti. Une partie des repousses estivales des prairies peuvent être réservées aux brebis allaitantes. On peut produire à l’herbe des agneaux légers (2 à 2,5 mois) pour les marchés du Sud Européen, avec très peu de concentré (44 kg par brebis et par an en moyenne sur 3 ans).
Les résultats techniques et économiques obtenus sont comparés à ceux d’un groupe d’éleveurs spécialisés ovins situés dans les mêmes zones du Massif Central Nord et ayant des brebis de race rustique. Plus que le système mis au point, il faut retenir la démarche et les réflexions générales qui peuvent être dégagées de cette expérimentation.
Inhibition of Angiotensin II Type I Pathway Reduced Tumor Growth and Ameliorates Fibrosis/inflammation Associated with Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Asgharzadeh Fereshteh , Mostafapour Asma , Amerizadeh Forouzan , Avan Amir , Rahmani Farzad , Sabbaghzadeh Reihaneh , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi , Fakhraei Maryam , Farshbaf Alieh , Ferns Gordon A , Giovannetti Elisa , Cho William C. , Khazaei Majid
Published: July 2020

Dysregulation of the angiotensin-II Type-I receptor (AT1R) and its pathway was reported to associate with poor-prognosis in several malignancies, including colorectal-cancer (CRC). We have explored the therapeutic-potential of targeting AT1R using valsartan, and its pharmacological-interaction with Fluorouracil (5-FU) in CRC. Anti-proliferative function was evaluated in 2-/3-dimensional cells and in vivo models. Anti-proliferative, anti-migratory, apoptotic function and effect on cell-cycle was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), wound-healing test, and Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), respectively, while gene-expression was determined at mRNA/protein levels. By histogical analysis and measuring of oxidative/antioxidant markers, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory properties of valsartan. Valsartan suppressed cell-growth and impacted the anti-tumor-activities of 5-FU by apoptosis-induction. Valsartan inhibited the cells migration by perturbation of Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP1). Furthermore, valsartan inhibited tumor-growth and metastasis, and this was more notable in valsartan/5-FU combination-treated-group. The mechanism was plausible to be via the induction of Reactive-oxygen-species (ROS) and down-regulation of Superoxide-dismutase (SOD), thiol/catalase (CAT) as well as Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). Valsartan may protect cells against intestinal fibrosis by modulation of pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory components include fibronectin, Interleukin) IL-1β (, Tumor necrosis factor alpha) TNF-α (, Interferon gamma) INF-γ (, and Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1 (MCP-1). Our findings demonstrated that targeting the AT1R receptor may inhibit tumor-growth and ameliorate fibrosis and inflammation associated with CRC via modulation of AT1 and TGF-β pathways.
Computational and Experimental Analysis of Reinforced Aerated Concrete Beam Concrete Containing Rice Husk Ash
Authors: Lakhiar Muhammad Tahir , Ali Ather , Ying Kong Sih , Lakhiar Muhammad Tarique
Published: July 2020

Aerated concrete, which is manufactured from binding material, sand, foaming agent and water, is currently being utilized in the construction industry because of its lightweight and durability. The binding material, cement, along with other materials used in the concrete produces huge carbon footprints during its fabrication. The utilization of natural aggregates name as coarse aggregates depletes the natural resources of the country. Therefore, huge amounts of agricultural wastes have led scholars to investigate the effectiveness of replacing conventional materials used in concrete with agricultural wastes. In the current study, rice husk ash (RHA) was used as supplementary cementing material, thereby reducing the amount of cement used in aerated concrete (AC) mixture will reduce carbon footprints. The experimental and numerical analysis were conducted to investigate structural behavior of reinforced RAC- B beams subjected to flexural load. Parametric study on structural performance of RAC- B beam under flexure were conducted using finite element analysis (FEA). From the experiment and FEA. Results from the parametric study showed that RAC-10%RHA-B with higher depth structurally performed better compared to RAC-B under flexure with greater load carrying capacity, lesser maximum deflection, and less cracks developing in the tension area.
Microbiological Quality of Ready-To-Eat Salads During Shelf Life and Home Refrigeration
Authors: Arienzo Alyexandra , Murgia Lorenza , Fraudentali Ilaria , Gallo Valentina , Angelini Riccardo , Antonini Giovanni
Published: July 2020

The market of ready-to-eat salads is experiencing a noticeable growth in Europe. The commercial success of these products is linked to the growing demand for fresh, healthy and nutritionally valuable products that can be consumed without preparation time and are perceived as safe and very high-quality products. Since they are intended to be consumed without additional treatments, these ready-to-eat products are associated with a high microbiological risk. The aim of this work was to evaluate the microbiological quality and safety of ready-to-eat salads sold in widespread supermarket chains in Lazio, Italy, at the packaging date, during shelf-life and during home-refrigeration. The study also aimed to determine the differences between low, medium and high cost products. Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes were chosen as safety indicators as specified by European regulations while total aerobic mesophilic bacteria and Escherichia coli were chosen as quality indicators as suggested by national guidelines. Analyses were performed following the ISO standards and in parallel, for the evaluation of total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, with an alternative colorimetric system, the MBS method, in order to propose a simple, affordable and accurate alternative for testing the microbiological quality of products, especially suitable for small and medium enterprises and on-site analyses.
Mental Model Based Repeated Multifaceted (MRM) Intervention Design: A Conceptual Framework for Improving Preventive Health Behaviors and Outcomes
Authors: Ahamad Mazbahul G , Tanin Fahian
Published: July 2020

Improving the effectiveness of health interventions is a major challenge in public health research and program development. A large body of literature has found low or no impact of health education and promotional interventions. We aim to develop a conceptual framework in support of intervention designs for preventive health behavior improvement programs and outcomes. The proposed approach is based on a narrative review of empirical literature assessing the limitations of less effective or ineffective field experiments regarding preventive health education and promotion interventions. We found three major limitations regarding the mental model’s balance of treatment and comparison groups, treatment groups’ willingness to adopt suggested behaviors, and the type, length, frequency, intensity, and sequence of treatments. To minimize the influence of these concerns, we propose a mental model-based repeated multifaceted (MRM) intervention design framework to provide an intervention design for improving health education and promotional programs.
Proteomics-based Methodologies for the Detection and Quantification of Seafood Allergens
Authors: Carrera Mónica , Pazos Manuel , Gasset María
Published: July 2020

Seafood is considered one of the main food allergen sources by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). It comprises several distinct groups of edible aquatic animals including fish and shellfish such as crustacean and mollusks. Recently the EFSA recognized the high risk of food allergy over the world and established the necessity of developing new methodologies for its control. Consequently, accurate, sensitive and fast detection methods for seafood allergy control and detection in food products are highly recommendable. In this work, we present a comprehensive review of the applications of the proteomics methodologies for the detection and quantification of seafood allergens. For that, two consecutive proteomics strategies (Discovery and Targeted Proteomics) applied for the study and control of seafood allergy are reviewed in detail. In addition, future directions and new perspectives were also provided.
Sub-surface Carbon Stocks in Northern Taiga Landscapes Exposed in the Batagay Megaslump, Yana Upland, Yakutia
Authors: Shepelev Andrei , Kizyakov Alexander , Wetterich Sebastian , Cherepanova Alexandra , Opel Thomas , Jongejans Loeka , Courtin Jeremy , Fedorov Alexander , Meyer Hanno , Ahn Jinho , Syromyatnikov Igor , Savvinov Grigoriy
Published: July 2020

The most massive and fast-eroding thaw slump of the Northern Hemisphere located in the Yana uplands of northern Yakutia was investigated to assess in detail the cryogenic inventory and carbon pools of two distinctive Ice Complex stratigraphic units and the uppermost cover deposits. Differentiating into modern and Holocene near-surface layers (active layer and shielding layer), highest total carbon contents were found in the active layer (18.7 kg m-2), while the shielding layer yielded much lower carbon content of 1.8 kg m-2. The late Pleistocene upper Ice Complex contained 10.4 kg m-2 total carbon, and the mid-Pleistocene lower Ice Complex 17.7 kg m-2. The proportion of organic carbon from total carbon content is well above 70% in all studied units with 94 % in the active layer, 73% in the shielding layer, 83% in the upper Ice Complex and 79% in the lower Ice Complex. Inorganic carbon is low in the overall structure of the deposits.
Confirmed and Unreported COVID-19 Death Counts: An Assessment of Reporting Discrepancy
Authors: Ahamad Mazbahul G , Tanin Fahian
Published: July 2020

Objective: We aim to assess the reporting discrepancy and the difference between confirmed and unreported COVID-19-like death counts.Study Design: The study is based on time-series data.Methods: We used publicly available data to explore the differences between confirmed death counts and deaths with Codiv-19 symptoms between March 8, 2020, and July 11, 2020, in Bangladesh.Results: During the week ending May 9, 2020, the unreported COVID-19-like death count was higher than the confirmed COVID-19 death count; however, it was lower in the following weeks. On average, unreported COVID-19-like death counts were similar to the confirmed COVID-19 death counts during the same period. However, the reporting authority neither considers these deaths nor adjusts for potential seasonal influenza or other related deaths, which might produce incomplete COVID-19 data and respective mortality rates. Conclusions: Documenting unreported deaths with COVID-19 symptoms needs to be included in provisional death counts because it is essential to estimate a robust COVID-19 mortality rate and to offer data-driven pandemic response strategies. An urgent initiative is needed to prepare an acceptable guideline for COVID-19 death reporting.
In Vitro or in Vivo Models, the Next Frontier for Unraveling Interactions between Malassezia spp. and Hosts. How Much do We Know?
Authors: Torres Maritza , De Cock Hans , Celis Ramírez Adriana Marcela
Published: July 2020

Malassezia is a lipid-dependent genus of yeasts known for being an important part of the skin mycobiota. These yeasts have been associated in the development of skin disorders and cataloged as a causal agent of systemic infections under specific conditions, making them opportunistic pathogens. Little is known about the host-microbe interaction of Malassezia spp., and unraveling this implies the implementation of infection models. In this mini review we present different models that have been implemented in the fungal infections study with greater attention in Malassezia spp. infections. These models range from in vitro (cell cultures and ex vivo tissue), to in vivo (murine models, rabbits, guinea pigs, insects, nematodes, and amoebas). We additionally highlight the alternative models that reduce the use of mammals as model organisms, which have been gaining importance in the study of fungal host-microbe interactions. This is due to the fact that these systems have shown to have reliable results, which correlate with those obtained from mammalian models. Example of alternative models are Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, Tenebrio molitor, and Galleria mellonella. These are invertebrates that have been implemented in the study of Malassezia spp. infections in order to identify differences in virulence between Malassezia species.
Prospects of Nutritional Interventions in the Care of COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Alam Sabiha , Bhuiyan Farhana Rumzum , Emon Tanvir Hossain , Hasan Mahmudul
Published: July 2020

The novel coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) has unfolded an unprecedented worldwide public health emergency with disastrous economic consequences. Around 12 million coronavirus cases have already been identified with over half a million death. Despite numerous efforts by government as well as international organizations, these numbers are still increasing with a surprising rate. Although urgent and absolutely necessary, a reliable therapeutic or vaccine is still elusive and this status quo may remain for an uncertain period of time. Taken that into account, boosting up adaptive immunity through nutritional interventions may help subside this epidemic and save many lives. This review focuses on the nexus between a balanced diet and adaptive immunity, particularly, how poor diet may lead to compromised immunity resulting in susceptibility to the viral infections. Additionally, we discuss how nutrients (vitamins, minerals, trace elements) could be used as a tool to modulate immune response and thus impede viral infections. The study also summarized nutritional recommendations to combat COVID-19 in different countries and territories and dietary sources of those key nutrients. Moreover, different nutritional intervention strategies based on different age groups, physiological and medical conditions were also included, and the challenges of nutritional interventions towards the care of COVID-19 patient were also discussed. Since the availability of a drug or vaccine is still uncertain, a balanced diet or nutrient therapy could be used as a robust strategy to combat COVID-19. Thus, we hope this review may help to make an informed decision with regard to diet choice both at individual level as well as clinical settings.
Building Models for Agricultural Land Fire Prediction Using Remote Sensed Environmental Data: A Case Study in Dien Bien Province, Vietnam (2003 – 2016)
Authors: Nguyen Thu Thi , Tran Thi Dieu , Linh Tran Vu Khanh , Le Thai Son , Pham Trang Thanh , Ho Dang Phuc
Published: July 2020

Agricultural land fires have been linked to various and adverse impacts on ecosystems, food security and the agriculture sector. Understanding the patterns and drivers of agricultural land fires is essential for effective agricultural land fire management. The key objectives of this study were to (1) analyze the temporal and spatial patterns of agricultural land fires using satellite remote sensed data, (2) assess a range of environmental conditions that could drive the occurrence of agricultural land fires, (3) determine the best model for predicting agricultural land fires and (4) determine the relative contribution of each environmental condition variable on the best predictive model. We used both univariate and multivariate regressions for the fire prediction capability of four independent environmental conditions (fuel, weather, topographic and anthropogenic). Analysis of historical satellite data revealed that agricultural land fires were more frequent than forested land fires. Our analyses also revealed that fuel condition was the most important variable for predicting agricultural land fires followed by weather, topographic and anthropogenic conditions. This study provides a novel multivariate model for predicting agricultural land fires that harbors the potential to improve agricultural land fire management and reduce fire risk within the agricultural sector.
Characteristics of Soil Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen Along Various Vegetation Types in Hongqipao Reservoir, Northeast China
Authors: Yu Bing , Mwagona Patteson Chula , Li Yuncong , Li Xiaoyu , Wang Hongjun , Wang Xiao , Li Jihong
Published: July 2020

This study investigated the spatial variability of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN) in Hongqipao reservoir dominated by different vegetation types and the possible relationships with other soil properties. Top 0–50cm soil samples were collected in sites dominated by different vegetation types within the reservoir littoral zone. There was high spatial variability for SOC, TN, SMBC and SMBN in the Hongqipao reservoir. In addition, the SOC, TN, SMBC and SMBN contents decreased with increasing soil depth. This could be attributed by the fact that when plants detritus decompose, most of their organic matter is mineralized and a new soil layer which contains a greater amount of organic carbon is formed at the top. According to Pearson's correlation values and redundancy analysis (RDA) results, SOC was significantly and positively correlated with TN likely because the vegetation organic matter and liter could be the main nitrogen sources. Similarly, soil moisture content (MC) was significant positive correlated with SOC and TN. Conversely, BD was significant negative correlated with SOC and TN contents in the 0-50 cm soil profiles. However, no significant correlations were observed between SOC, TN, SMBC and SMBN contents and soil pH values. SMBN was significantly and positive correlated with C:N ratio and BD and negative related with MC. Multiple linear regression model revealed that all measures soil properties in this study could explain higher significant variability of the response variables (SOC, TN, SMBC and SMBN contents). This implies that all the measured soil variables within the different vegetation types in the reservoir played a crucial role in determining the contents of SOC, TN, SMBC and SMBN. This study further suggests that vegetation types play a major role in determining the spatial characteristics of SOC and TN. Any changes in the vegetation types in the reservoir may influence the distribution of SOC and TN. This may affect the global carbon budget and the atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration significantly.
Coronavirus Antiviral Research Database (CoV-RDB): An Online Database Designed to Facilitate Comparisons Between Candidate Anti-Coronavirus Compounds
Authors: Tzou Philip L , Tao Kaiming , Nouhin Janin , Rhee Soo-Yon , Hu Benjamin D , Pai Shruti , Parkin Neil , Shafer Robert W
Published: July 2020

Background: To prioritize the development of antiviral compounds, it is necessary to compare their relative preclinical activity and clinical efficacy. Methods: We reviewed in vitro, animal model, and clinical studies of candidate anti-coronavirus compounds and placed extracted data in an online relational database. Results: As of July 2020, the Coronavirus Antiviral Research Database (CoV-RDB; covdb.stanford.edu) contained >2,400 cell culture, entry assay and biochemical experiments, 240 animal model studies, and 56 clinical studies from >300 published papers. SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV account for approximately 85% of the data. Approximately 75% of experiments involved compounds with a known or likely mechanism of action, including receptor binding inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies (20%); viral protease inhibitors (18%); polymerase inhibitors (9%); interferons (8%); fusion inhibitors (8%); host endosomal trafficking inhibitors (7%); and host protease inhibitors (5%). For 724 compounds with a known or likely mechanism, 95 (13%) are licensed in the US for other indications, 72 (10%) are licensed outside the US or are in human trials, and 557 (77%) are pre-clinical investigational compounds. Conclusion: CoV-RDB facilitates comparisons between different candidate antiviral compounds, thereby helping scientists, clinical investigators, public health officials, and funding agencies prioritize the most promising compounds and repurposed drugs for further development.
Seasonal Bioavailability of Heavy Metal Contaminants From the University of Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria
Authors: Sowunmi Kehinde , Titilayo Soyebo , Sowunmi Lukman
Published: July 2020

Heavy metals have been implicated as Lagoon pollutants from sources such as agriculture, mining and manufacturing industries and waste water treatment works. A study was carried out in the University of Lagos lagoon to investigate the seasonal bioavailability of the heavy metal contaminants Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn. The physical parameters pH, redox potential, temperature, TDS and conductivity were measured on site. Dried sediment samples were extracted using the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential procedure and analysed by ICP-OES. A certified reference material (CRM), BCR 701 (lake sediment) was used for quality assurance with recoveries ranging between 80-120%. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) showed that there was a significant difference between metal distribution in the dry and wet seasons. Cu, Pb and Zn were in the available fractions (carbonate, Fe/Mn oxide and organic). Cu was highest in the Fe/Mn oxide and organic fractions. This indicated that an increase in organic matter and reducing agents will avail the Cu. Zn was distributed in all fractions while Pb was found in the Fe/Mn oxide fraction (3.93- 21.3 %). Results showed that the bioavailability of Cu, Pb and Zn was high. Metal bioavailability by BCR indicates a potential risk of pollution in lagoon sediments as the available metals exceeded the permissible Sediment Quality Assessment Guidelines (SQAG’s) from Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Quantifying melt dynamics on a debris-covered Himalayan glacier using repeated UAS photogrammetry derived DSM and point cloud differencing
Authors: Mishra Niti , Chaudhuri Gargi , Mainali Kumar , Mal Suraj , Tiruwa Babulal , Singh Paras
Published: July 2020

Debris-covered glaciers are a notable feature in the greater Himalaya, and their ongoing mass loss under changing climate will affect the water resources of over a billion people. The current knowledge of the mass balance of Himalayan glaciers is restricted by the paucity of in-situ measurements of glaciers in both space and time, as well as the resolution of satellite remote sensing imageries. Recently, the use of Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) imagery has shown the potential to bridge this gap by enabling very detailed monitoring of inaccessible glacial areas. UAS imagery-based monitoring of Himalayan glaciers has so far been limited to a single glacier in the entire Himalaya, providing a limited understanding of spatial variability in glacier mass balance and driving factors. In the first UAS based glacial mass change estimation in the trans-Himalaya, we conducted two Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) surveys (May and November 2019) over the debris-covered Annapurna III glacier in the Himalaya. We performed Structure-from-Motion (SfM) analysis and utilized differential GPS field observations to derive geometrically accurate point clouds, ortho-mosaics and digital surface models (DSMs). The glacial volumetric loss was estimated from DSM differencing, and the magnitude and spatial variability of glacier surface change was derived from 3-D differencing of point clouds. Results revealed a heterogeneous glacial melt pattern, with an average elevation loss of 0.89 m during the monitored time period. The majority of the glacial tongue exhibited surface lowering except the area above and around the glacial snout that surprisingly exhibited significant elevation gain. Both the highest magnitude of mass loss and the highest spatial variability in mass change was observed in areas with exposed ice-cliffs and supraglacial ponds. Glacial surface velocity derived from manual feature tracking showed velocity ranging from 0-4.1 m. A detailed evaluation of specific areas allowed an improved understanding of the complex interplay of factors leading to observed surface change. Our findings expand the extent of UAS based monitoring of debris-covered glaciers in the Himalaya and conclude that UAS derived 3D topographic products will become increasingly important for monitoring of thinning debris-covered glaciers.
On the Role of the Cathode for the Electro-oxidation of Perfluorooctanoic Acid
Authors: Garcia-Costa Alicia , Savall André , Zazo Juan A. , Casas Jose A. , Groenen Serrano Karine
Published: July 2020

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), C7F15COOH, has been widely employed over the past fifty years, causing an environmental problem due to its dispersion and low biodegradability. Furthermore, the high stability of this molecule, conferred by the high strength of the C-F bond makes it very difficult to remove. In this work, electrochemical techniques are applied for PFOA degradation in view to study the influence of the cathode on defluorination. For this purpose, boron doped diamond (BDD), Pt, Zr and stainless steel have been tested as cathodes working with BDD anode at low electrolyte concentration (3.5 mM) to degrade PFOA at 100 mg/L. Among these cathodic materials, Pt improves the defluorination reaction. The electro-degradation of a PFOA molecule starts by a direct exchange of one electron at the anode and then follows a complex mechanism involving reaction with hydroxyl radicals and adsorbed hydrogen on the cathode. It is assumed that Pt acts as an electrocatalyst, enhancing PFOA defluorination by the reduction reaction of perfluorinated carbonyl intermediates on the cathode. The defluorinated intermediates are then more easily oxidized by HO• radicals. Hence, high mineralization (xTOC: 76.1%) and defluorination degrees (xF-: 58.6%) were reached with Pt working at current density j = 7.9 mA/cm2. This BDD-Pt system reaches a higher efficiency in terms of defluorination for a given electrical charge than previous works reported in literature. Influence of the electrolyte composition and initial pH are also explored.
Unsteady Analytical Solution of the Influenced of a Thermal Radiation Force Generated from a Heated Rigid Flat Plate on Non-homogeneous Gas Mixture
Authors: Abdel Wahid Taha , Abdel-Karim Taha
Published: July 2020

In the present paper, the effect of the non-linear thermal radiation on the neutral gas mixture in the unsteady state is investigated for the first time. The unsteady BGK technique of the Boltzmann kinetic equations for a neutral non-homogenous gas is solved. The solution of the unsteady case makes the problem more general significance than the stationary one. For this purpose, the moments' method, together with the traveling wave method, is applied. The temperature and concentration are calculated for each gas component and mixture for the first time.Furthermore, the study is held for aboard range of temperatures ratio parameter and a wide range of the molar fraction. The distribution functions are calculated for each gas component and the gas mixture. The significant non-equilibrium irreversible thermodynamic characteristics the entire system is acquired analytically. That technic allows us to investigate the consistency of Boltzmann's H-theorem, Le Chatelier principle, and thermodynamics laws. Moreover, the ratios among the different participation of the internal energy alteration are evaluated via the Gibbs formula of total energy. The final results are utilized to the argon-helium non-homogenous gas at different magnitudes of radiation force strength and molar fraction parameters. 3D-graphics are presented to predict the behavior of the calculated variables, and the obtained results are theoretically discussed.
Modelling and Simulation of Microstructural Evolution for Extra-terrestrial Planetary Chemistry Mapping Using Artificial Intelligence – a NASA Mars Rover Study
Authors: Rafique Muhammad Musaddique Ali
Published: July 2020

Development of rovers and development of infrastructure which enables them to probe other planets (such as Mars) have sparked a lot of interest recently specially with increasing public attention in Moon and Mars program by National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This is designed to be achieved by various means such as advanced spectroscopy and artificial intelligent techniques such as deep learning and transfer learning to enable the rover to not only map the surface of planet but to get a detailed information about its chemical makeup in layers beneath (deep learning) and in areas around point of observation (transfer learning). In this work, which is part of a proposal, later approach is explored. A systematic strategy is presented which make use of aforementioned techniques developed for metallic glass matrix composites as benchmark and helps develop algorithms for chemistry mapping of actual Martian surface on Perseverance Rover launching shortly.
Can Ventilatory Strategies in COVID-19 Have an Impact on Outcomes?
Authors: Sherren Peter , Camporota Luigi , Sanderson Barnaby , Jones Andrew , Shankar-Hari Manu , Meadows Chris , Barrett Nicholas , Ostermann Marlies , Hart Nicholas
Published: July 2020

The rapidly evolving understanding of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) respiratory failure pathogenesis, limited disease-specific evidence and demand-resource imbalances have posed significant challenges for intensive care clinicians. In this single-centre retrospective cohort study we describe the outcomes of COVID-19 patients admitted to Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust (GSTT) critical care service. Patients were managed according to a local respiratory failure management pathway that was predicated on timely invasive ventilation when indicated and tailored ventilatory strategies according to pulmonary mechanics. Between 2nd March and 25th May 2020 GSTT critical care service admitted 316 patients with confirmed COVID-19. Of the 201 patients admitted directly through the Emergency Department with a completed critical care outcome, 71.1% survived to critical care discharge. These favourable outcomes may serve to inform the wider debate on the optimal ventilatory management in COVID-19.
Accessing Occupational Health Services in the Southern African Development Community Region
Authors: Masekameni Masilu , Moyo Dingani , Khoza Norman , Chamdimba Chimwemwe
Published: July 2020

Only 15% of the global population has access to occupational safety and health services. In Africa only 5% of employees working from major establishments, have access to occupational health services (OHS). Access to primary health care (PHC) services is addressed in many settings and inclusion of OHS in these facilities might increase efficiency in preventing occupational diseases. A cross-sectional study was conducted in four SADC countries aiming at assessing the availability of OHS at PHC facilities and the organization of OHS. We conducted a literature review to assess the provision and organization of OHS services. In addition to the review, a total of 23 doctors from PHC facilities were interviewed using questionnaires in order to determine the availability of OHS and training. Consultations with heads of ministries were done in four SADC countries. Results showed that in the SADC region, OHS are fragmented and lack a comprehensive approach. In addition, out of 23 PHC facilities only two (13%) provided occupational health and PHC. However, OHS provided at PHC facilities were limited to TB screening and audiometric testing. Our study showed a huge inadequacy of trained occupational health practitioners. This study supports the World Health Organization’s advocacy of integrating OHS at PHC level.
Achieving Net Zero Carbon Dioxide by Sequestering Biomass Carbon
Authors: Amelse Jeffrey
Published: July 2020

Mitigation of global warming requires an understanding of where energy is produced and consumed, the magnitude of carbon dioxide generation, and proper understanding of the Carbon Cycle. The latter leads to the distinction between and need for both CO2 and biomass CARBON sequestration. Short reviews are provided for prior technologies proposed for reducing CO2 emissions from fossil fuels or substituting renewable energy, focusing on their limitations. None offer a complete solution. Of these, CO2 sequestration is poised to have the largest impact. We know how to do it. It will just cost money, and scale-up is a huge challenge. Few projects have been brought forward to semi-commercial scale. Transportation accounts for only about 30% of U.S. overall energy demand. Biofuels penetration remains small, and thus, they contribute a trivial amount of overall CO2 reduction, even though 40% of U.S. corn and 30% of soybeans are devoted to their production. Bioethanol is traced through its Carbon Cycle and shown to be both energy inefficient, and an inefficient use of biomass carbon. Both biofuels and CO2 sequestration reduce FUTURE CO2 emissions from continued use of fossil fuels. They will not remove CO2 ALREADY in the atmosphere. The only way to do that is to break the Carbon Cycle by growing biomass from atmospheric CO2 and sequestering biomass CARBON. Theoretically, sequestration of only a fraction of the world’s tree leaves, which are renewed every year, can get the world to Net Zero CO2 without disturbing the underlying forests.
Mechanistic Modelling of Coronavirus Infections and the Impact of Confined Neighbourhoods on a Short Time Scale
Authors: Ahmed Danish , Ansari Ali , Imran Mudassar , Dingle Kamaludin , Ahmed Naveed , Bonsall Michael
Published: July 2020

To mitigate the spread of the COVID-19 coronavirus, some countries have enforced more stringent non-pharmaceutical interventions in contrast to those widely adopted (for e.g. the state of Kuwait). In addition to standard practices such as enforcing curfews, social distancing, and closure of non-essential service industries, other non-conventional policies such as the total confinement of highly populated areas has also been implemented. In this paper, we model the movement of a host population using a mechanistic approach based on random walks, which are either diffusive or super-diffusive. Infections are realised through a contact process, whereby a susceptible host may be infected if in close spatial proximity of the infectious host. Our focus is only on the short-time scale prior to the infectious period, so that no further transmission is assumed. We find that the level of infection depends heavily on the population dynamics, and increases in the case of slow population diffusion, but remains stable for a high or super-diffusive population. Also, we find that the confinement of homogeneous or overcrowded sub-populations has minimal impact in the short term. Finally, we discuss the possible implications of our findings for total confinement in the context of the current situation in Kuwait.
A Novel Method of Interpreting the Relationship between Workload and Injury Occurrence: A Case Study
Authors: O'Dowd-Hill Diarmuid
Published: July 2020

Workloads may be classified as either internal or external. Internal workloads (heart rate, blood lactate, session rate of perceived exertion (sRPE) are categorised as the individual’s response to an external workload (volume, intensity). sRPE is an easily monitored variable which has been shown to have possible associations with other internal (1) and injury rates (2, 3) in contact sports. This case study describes the internal workload monitoring of a schoolboy rugby player during the entirety of his season (September to March) with the subsequent relationships between workload and time loss injuries being explored. Time loss injuries are defined as injuries which caused the individual to miss training or match play time (4). Acute to chronic workload ratio (ACWR) and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) were monitored, a novel ACWR:EWMA ratio was also calculated. High ACWR and low EWMA values were associated with injury occurrence, the ACWR:EWMA ratio may account for this. EWMA may be a better predictor of “time loss” injuries than ACWR. The ACWR:EWMA ratio may merit further scientific exploration in the future.