bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compromisso constitucional da sustentabilidade ambiental: desafios de sua concretização frente à necessidade de revisão do ensino jurídico e atualização dos implementadores judiciais da normatividade ambiental. Doi: 10.5020/2317-2150.2011.v16n2p730
Authors: Padilha Norma Sueli
Published: June 2019

Os valores primordiais da sociedade brasileira estão inseridos na Carta Magna por meio de princípios, que enquanto normas jurídicas constitucionais representam a reintegração dos valores morais e éticos no universo jurídico na era do pós-positivismo. Dentre os valores albergados pela CF/88, destaque-se o “meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado”, alçado ineditamente no nível de direito fundamental e inaugurando um novo paradigma ético-jurídico e políticoeconômico que opta pelo desenvolvimento sustentável. A concretização de tal compromisso constitucional impõe inúmeros desafios àqueles a quem cabe o dever de implementação da juridicidade ambiental constitucional, dada a gravidade e a complexidade das demandas socioambientais, cuja tutela judicial exige transformações substanciais nos instrumentos jurídicos tradicionais de direito material e processual, bem como atualização e revisão de conceitos e

institutos de natureza individualista, que, entretanto, ainda são o objeto central do modelo positivista que é ministrado na formação dos bacharéis nos Cursos Jurídicos do Brasil.
Sensitivity of organic aerosol simulation scheme on biogenic organic
aerosol concentrations in climate projections
Authors: Cholakian Arineh , Beekmann Matthias , Coll Isabelle , Ciarelli Giancarlo , Colette Augustin
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Organic aerosol can have important impacts on air quality and human health because of its chemical composition and its large contribution to the atmospheric fine aerosols. Simulation of this aerosol is difficult since there are many unknowns in the nature, mechanism and processes involved in the formation of these aerosols. These uncertainties become even more important in the context of a changing climate, because different mechanisms, and their representation in atmospheric models, imply different sensitivities to changes in climate variables. In this work, the effects caused by using different schemes to simulate OA are explored. Three schemes are used in this work: a molecular scheme, a standard volatility basis set (VBS) scheme with anthropogenic aging and a modified VBS scheme containing functionalization, fragmentation and formation of non-volatile SOA formation for all semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). 5 years of historic and 5 years of future simulations were performed using the RCP8.5 climatic scenario. The years were chosen in a way to maximize the differences between future and historic simulations. The comparisons show that for the European area, the modified VBS scheme shows the highest relative change between future and historic simulations, while the molecular scheme shows the lowest (a factor of two lower). These changes are maximized over the summer period for biogenic SOA (BSOA) because the higher temperatures increase terpene and isoprene emissions, the major precursors of BSOA. This increase is partially off-set by a temperature induced shift of SVOCs to gas phase. This shift is indeed scheme dependent, and it is shown that it is the least pronounced for the modified VBS scheme including a full suite of aerosol aging processes, comprising also formation of non-volatile aerosol. For the Mediterranean Sea, without BVOC emissions, the OA changes are less pronounced and, at least on an annual average, more similar between different schemes. Absolute concentrations between different schemes are also different. Our results warrant further developments in organic aerosol schemes used for air quality modelling to reduce their uncertainty, including sensitivity to climate variables (temperature).
2-D mineral dust radiative forcing calculations from CALIPSO observations over Europe
Authors: Granados-Muñoz Maria José , Sicard Michaël , Papagiannopoulos Nikolaos , Barragán Rubén , Bravo-Aranda Juan Antonio , Nicolae Doina
Published: June 2019

Abstract. A demonstration study to examine the feasibility to retrieve dust radiative effects based on combined satellite data from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), CERES (Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System) and CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) li-dar vertical profiles along their orbit is presented. The radiative transfer model GAME (Global Atmos-pheric Model) is used to estimate the shortwave and longwave dust radiative effects below the CALIP-SO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite) orbit assuming an aerosol parameterization based on CALIOP vertical distribution at a horizontal resolution of 5 km and additional AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network) data. Two study cases are analysed; a strong long-range transport mineral dust event (AOD = 0.52) originated in the Sahara Desert and reaching the United Kingdom and a weaker event (AOD = 0.16) affecting Eastern Europe. The obtained radiative fluxes are first validated in terms of radiative forcing efficiency at a single point with space-time co-located lidar ground-based measurements from EARLINET (European Aerosol Research Lidar Network) stations below the orbit. The methodology is then applied to the full orbit. The obtained results indicate that the radiative effects show a strong dependence on the aerosol load, highlighting the need of accurate AOD measurements for forcing studies, and on the surface albedo. The calculated dust radiative effects and heating rates below the orbits are in good agreement with previous studies of mineral dust, with the forcing efficiency obtained at the surface ranging between −80.3 and −63.0 W m−2 for the weaker event and −119.1 and −79.3 W m−2 for the strong one. Results thus demonstrate the validity of the presented method to retrieve 2-D accurate radiative properties with large spatial and temporal coverage.
Low-Temperature Triple-Capillary Cryostat for Ice Crystal Growth
Studies
Authors: Swanson Brian D. , Nelson Jon
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Ice crystals come in a remarkable variety of shapes and sizes that affect a cloud's radiative properties. To better understand the growth of these crystals, we built an improved capillary cryostat (CC2) designed to reduce potential instrumental artifacts that may have influenced earlier measurements. In CC2, a crystal forms at the end of one, two, or three well-separated, ultra-fine capillaries to minimize both potential crystal-crystal and crystal-substrate interaction effects. The crystals can be initiated using several ice-nucleation modes. The cryostat has two vapor-source chambers on either side of the growth chamber, each allowing independent control of the growth chamber supersaturation. Crystals can be grown under a range of air pressures, and the supersaturation conditions in the growth chamber can be rapidly changed by switching between the two vapor-source chambers using a sliding valve. Crystals grow fixed to the capillary in a uniform, stagnant environment and their orientation can be manipulated to measure the growth rate of each face. The high thermal-mass of CC2 increases the stability and uniformity of the thermodynamic conditions surrounding the crystals. Here we describe the new instrument and present several sample observations.
Use of spectral cloud emissivity to infer ice cloud boundaries:
Methodology and assessment using CALIPSO cloud products
Authors: Kim Hye-Sil , Baum Bryan A. , Choi Yong-Sang
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Satellite-based operational cloud height retrievals generally assume a plane-parallel homogeneous cloud exists in each field of regard, or pixel, but this assumption ignores vertical inhomogeneity, which is of particular importance for optically thin, but geometrically thick, ice clouds. This study demonstrates that ice cloud emissivity uncertainties can be used to provide a reasonable range of ice cloud layer boundaries, i.e., the minimum to maximum heights. Here ice cloud emissivity uncertainties are obtained for three IR channels centered at 11, 12, and 13.3 µm. The range of cloud emissivities is used to infer a range of ice cloud temperature/heights, rather than a single value per pixel as provided by operational cloud retrievals. Our methodology is tested using MODIS observations over the western North Pacific Ocean during August 2015. We estimate minimum/maximum heights for three cloud regimes, i.e., single-layer thin and thick ice clouds, and multi-layered clouds. Our results are assessed through comparison with CALIOP Version 4 cloud products for a total of 11873 pixels. The cloud boundary heights for single-layer optically thin clouds show good agreement with those from CALIOP; bias for maximum (minimum) heights versus the cloud top (base) heights of CALIOP are 0.13 km (−1.01 km). For optically thick and multi-layered clouds, the biases of the estimated cloud heights from the cloud top/base become larger. Our method is applicable to measurements provided by most geostationary weather satellites including the GK-2A advanced multi-channel infrared imager. The vertically resolved heights for ice clouds can contribute new information for studies involving weather prediction and cloud radiative effects.
The polarized sun and sky radiometer SSARA: design, calibration, and application for ground based aerosol remote sensing
Authors: Grob Hans , Emde Claudia , Wiegner Matthias , Seefeldner Meinhard , Mayer Bernhard
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Recently, polarimetry has been used to enhance classical photometry to infer aerosol optical properties, as polarized radiation contains additional information about the particles. Therefore, we have equipped the SSARA sun and sky photometer with polarizer filters to measure linearly polarized light at 501.5 nm. We have developed a novel radiometric and polarimetric calibration method, which allows us to simultaneously determine the linear polarizers' diattenuation and relative orientation with high accuracy (0.002 and 0.1°, respectively). Furthermore, we employed a new calibration method for the azimuthal mount capable of correcting the instrument's pointing to within 32 arcmin. So far, this is limited by the accuracy of the sun-tracker. Both these methods are applicable to other sun and sky radiometers, such as Cimel CE318-DP instruments used in AERONET. During the A-LIFE field campaign in April 2017, SSARA collected 22 days of data. Here, we present two case studies: The first demonstrates the performance of an aerosol retrieval from SSARA observations under partially cloudy conditions. In the other case, a high aerosol load due to a Saharan dust layer was present during otherwise perfect clear sky conditions.
Neural Network for Aerosol Retrieval from Hyperspectral Imagery
Authors: Mauceri Steffen , Kindel Bruce , Massie Steven , Pilewskie Peter
Published: June 2019

Abstract. We retrieve aerosol optical thickness (AOT) independently for brown carbon-, dust and sulfate from hyperspectral image data. The model, a neural network, is trained on atmospheric radiative transfer calculations from MODTRAN 6.0 with varying aerosol- concentration and type, surface albedo, water vapor and viewing geometries. From a set of test radiative transfer calculations, we are able to retrieve AOT with a standard error of better than ±0.05. No a priori information of the surface albedo or atmospheric state is necessary for our model. We apply the model to AVIRIS-NG imagery from a recent campaign over India and demonstrate its performance under high and low aerosol loadings and different aerosol types.
Biogeographical distribution of Microbial Communities along the Rajang River-South China Sea Continuum
Authors: Sia Edwin Sien Aun , Zhu Zhuoyi , Zhang Jing , Cheah Wee , Shan Jiang , Holt Jang Faddrine , Mujahid Aazani , Shiah Fuh-Kwo , Müller Moritz
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Microbial community composition and diversity in freshwater habitats, especially in lotic environments, are much less studied compared to marine and soil communities. The Rajang River is the main drainage system for central Sarawak in Malaysian Borneo and passes through peat domes whereby peat-rich material is being fed into the system and eventually into the southern South China Sea. Microbial communities found within peat-rich systems are important biogeochemical cyclers in terms of methane and carbon dioxide sequestration. To address the critical lack of knowledge about microbial communities in tropical (peat-draining) rivers, this study represents the first seasonal assessment targeted at establishing a foundational understanding of the microbial communities of the Rajang River-South China Sea continuum. This was carried out utilizing 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing via Illumina MiSeq in size-fractionated samples (0.2 and 3.0 μm GF/C filter membranes) covering different biogeographical features/sources from headwaters to coastal waters. The microbial communities found along the Rajang river exhibited taxa common to rivers (i.e. the predominance of β-Proteobacteria) while estuarine and marine regions exhibited taxa that were common to the aforementioned regions as well (i.e. predominance of α- and γ-Proteobacteria). This is in agreement with studies from other rivers which observed similar changes along the salinity gradients. In terms of particulate versus free-living bacteria, nonmetric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS) results showed similarly distributed microbial communities with varying separation between seasons. Distinct patterns were observed based on linear models as a result of the changes in salinity along with variation of other biogeochemical parameters. Alpha diversity indices indicated that microbial communities were higher in diversity upstream compared to the marine and estuarine regions whereas anthropogenic perturbations led to increased richness but less diversity. Despite the observed changes in bacterial community composition and diversity that occur along the Rajang River to sea continuum, the PICRUST predictions showed minor variations. The results provide essential context for future studies such as further analyses on the ecosystem health in response to anthropogenic land-use practices and probable development of biomarkers to improve the monitoring of water quality in this region.
Is dark carbon fixation relevant for oceanic primary production estimates?
Authors: Baltar Federico , Herndl Gerhard J.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. About half of the global primary production (PP) is generated in the euphotic layer of the ocean. The 14C method developed by Steemann-Nielsen (Nielsen, 1952) more than half a century ago has been the most frequently used method to determine PP in all aquatic systems. This method includes dark incubations to exclude the non-phototrophic CO2 fixation. The presence of significant dark DIC fixation rates has been habitually used to suggest the inaccuracy of the 14C method to determine autotrophic phytoplankton primary production. However, we suggest that the dark CO2 fixation rates should be incorporated into global oceanic carbon production estimates since the total production of organic matter is not originating only from photosynthesis but also from other processes such as chemoautotrophic and anaplerotic processes. Here we analyzed data collected over almost 30 years from the longest available oceanic time series and calculated that the inclusion of dark dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) fixation would increase oceanic PP estimates by 5–22 % when total dark DIC fixation is included or by 2.5–11 % when only considering the nighttime DIC fixation. We conclude that dark DIC fixation should be included into global oceanic primary production estimates as it represents newly synthesized organic carbon (ca. 1.2–11 Pg C y−1) available for the marine food web.
Spatial and temporal variability of Terminal Classic Period droughts from multiple proxy records on the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico
Authors: Hunter Stephanie C. , Allen Diana M. , Kohfeld Karen E.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The Terminal Classic Period (TCP, 800–1000 A.D.) coincides with the collapse of the Maya Civilization on the Yucatan Peninsula, a period of rapid population decline that has been attributed to extended and widespread droughts. This study uses multiple proxy records from the Yucatan Peninsula to collectively analyze drought occurrence across the region during this time. We use a changepoint analysis to identify periods of significant changes in the statistical properties (mean and variance) of 23 proxy records and classify evidence of drought based on four criteria: (1) a changepoint in mean and variance during the TCP, (2) a change towards more arid conditions during the TCP, (3) a change greater than 20 % from the time-series mean, and (4) having a mean during the TCP that is significantly different from the time-series mean. Our analysis shows that five records met all inclusion criteria for showing definitive evidence of drought during the TCP, and these are located in the northwest, northeast, and north-central regions of the Yucatan Peninsula. Many of these records showed some evidence of drought (meeting some but not all criteria), but some showed evidence of drought occurring earlier than the TCP (in the northeast of the Yucatan Peninsula) and later than the TCP (in the south of the Yucatan Peninsula). We also conducted a changepoint analysis on reconstructions of three modes of climate variability known to affect the movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Our comparison suggests that during the first half of the TCP, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) were all in positive phase, which may have pushed the ITCZ southward during the winter months and enhanced aridity during the dry season. However, our analysis suggests that the position of the ITCZ was not the sole driver of the TCP droughts, as these conditions existed over the Yucatan Peninsula prior to the TCP as well. This study highlights the complexity of the spatial and temporal variability of these droughts, and points to the need for further study to identify the mechanisms responsible for the TCP droughts.
An assessment of domestic rice distribution for transboundary water-food management in Japan through virtual water trade
Authors: Lee Sang-Hyun , Taniguchi Makoto , Masuhara Naoki , Oh Yun-Gyeong
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The self-sufficiency ratio of rice in Tokyo was less than 5 % but the national self-sufficiency ratio in Japan has reached over 90 % in 2012. Accordingly, local rice distribution is a key factor for regional food security but also water resource management because a significant amount of irrigation water was simultaneously used or saved in the production or consumption areas, respectively, through rice distribution. This study's aim is to analyze domestic rice distribution, and assess the dependency of prefectures on water resources within or outside the region through virtual water flows that indicate the embedded water in food trade. The results show that significant amounts of water were transferred virtually from the Northern regions such as Tohoku and Hokkaido to industrial and urbanized regions including Tokyo and Osaka through domestic rice distribution. In particular, the outflow of virtual water from the Tohoku region was more than 3 billion m3/yr during 2000–2012, and it was almost three times larger than the net flows of virtual water within the Tohoku region. In addition, increasing self-supply in the main producing prefectures affected the changes in the entire rice distribution network. In particular, as the self-supply in Shiga — the main producing prefecture sharing the Yodo-river basin with Osaka in the Kansai region — increases, the dependency of Osaka on virtual water flows from outside the Kansai region rises. Thus, it is important to consider the link between food and water through virtual water flow in trans-boundary water management, integrating not only water resource boundaries such as river basins, but also food boundaries covering production and consumption areas.
Influence of grinding wheel parameters on the meshing performance of toroidal surface enveloping conical worm drive
Authors: Huai Chongfei , Zhao Yaping
Published: June 2019

Abstract. A new type of toroidal surface enveloping conical worm gearing is proposed in our recent work (Chongfei and Yaping, 2019b). According to its forming principle, the geometrical shape of the generating surface has an important influence on the geometry characteristic of the enveloping worm pair. To explore the reasonable principles for selecting the geometrical parameters of the grinding wheel, some numerical study examples are performed. In this process, the methods for the tooth crest width are developed. Simple strategies for estimating the risk of the worm tooth surface being located in the invalid area and the risk of the curvature interference on the tooth surface are proposed. The numerical result shows that increasing the radius of the toroidal-generating surface and the nominal pressure angle of the grinding wheel are beneficial to improve the engagement behavior of the conical worm pair, but the tooth crest sharpening of the conical worm may happen if they are too large. For the nominal radius of the grinding wheel, it has a negligible effect on the meshing characteristics of this worm set. In addition, the selection principle of the parameters is also suggested.
The spatial dimension in the assessment of socio-economic
vulnerability challenges for an application on an urban scale, a
systematic review
Authors: Contreras Diana , Chamorro Alondra
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The social and economic dimensions are only two of the dimensions of vulnerability. This paper aims to review the various case study areas, hazards, methods, spatial variables/indicators/indexes and tools addressed and used in the spatial assessment of socio-economic vulnerability in the period between 2008 and 2018. This review was conducted in December 2018. For the purposes of this study, Clarivate Analytics was the primary source of information. The gross number of articles reviewed was 235. We found 42 highly relevant articles, 27 articles of medium relevance, 15 of low relevance and 151 of no relevance. However, only 21 articles containing content considered highly relevant were included in the final analysis. The highest numbers of case study areas for the spatial analysis of socio-economic vulnerability are in China, the US, India and Germany. Most of the articles that consider the spatial dimension in the assessment of socio-economic vulnerability are related to floods. The Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI®) remains the benchmark for the assessment of socio-economic vulnerability. In the spatial assessment of socio-economic vulnerability, urban facilities are the most frequent variables, and population density is the most common indicator. The Social Vulnerability (SV) index and Spatial Vulnerability Units (SVU) are benchmarks of what it is a spatial index to evaluate socio-economic vulnerability in the urban context. In summary, we identified 21 spatial variables, 19 spatial indicators and four spatial indexes. Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS), statistical analysis and programming languages are tools used by the scientists for the assessment of socio-economic vulnerability. Nevertheless, after the review, we can conclude that it is not sufficient to only estimate the specific level of vulnerability per unit area; it is also necessary to determine the influence of the spatial component in this degree of socio-economic vulnerability.
Economic assessment of measures aimed at reducing flood damage
to buildings using computer modelling and expert judgement
Authors: Richert Claire , Boisgontier Hélène , Grelot Frédéric
Published: June 2019

Abstract. To limit the losses due to floods, public authorities can try to foster the adoption of private measures aimed at reducing the vulnerability of the dwellings. However, the efficacy and cost-efficiency to reduce material losses of such measures are not well-known. In particular, a better understanding of the influence of buildings characteristics and flood parameters on these variables would help identify the measures that are relevant to implement in specific contexts. We examined this topic for three groups of measures taken on existing dwellings: one consists in elevating the dwelling, one in dry-proofing it, and one in using construction materials that are resistant to water or cheap to replace. We combined expert judgement and computer modelling to assess their cost, efficacy, and cost-efficiency for a wide range of flood depth and duration, building characteristics, and level of exposure. We found that the value of the building components has a positive effect on the efficacy of dry-proofing and elevating a dwelling. Both the efficacy and cost of these two groups of measures increase with the size of the dwelling. Moreover, according to our results, dry-proofing and elevating a dwelling are unlikely to be cost-efficient for dwellings that are not exposed to floods with a return period lower than 100 and 30 years, respectively. Our findings also highlight that it is often less expensive to use the adapted than the original materials when rebuilding a damaged dwelling. Moreover, adapting the materials of an intact dwelling is unlikely to be cost-efficient for dwellings that are not exposed to floods with a return period lower than 20 years.
Increasing turbidity in the North Sea during the 20th century due to
changing wave climate
Authors: Wilson Robert J. , Heath Michael R.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Data on Secchi disk-depth (the depth at which a standard white disk lowered into the water just becomes invisible to a surface observer) show that water clarity in the North Sea declined during the 20th century, with likely consequences for marine primary production. However, the causes of this trend remain unknown. Here we analyze the hypothesis that changes in the North Sea's wave climate were largely responsible, by increasing the concentrations of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the water column through re-suspension of seabed sediments. First, we analyzed the broad-scale statistical relationships between SPM and bed shear stress due to waves and tides. We used hindcasts of wave and current data to construct a space-time dataset of bed shear stress between 1997 and 2017 across the northwest European Continental Shelf, and compared the results with satellite-derived SPM concentrations. Bed shear stress was found to drive most of the inter-annual variation in SPM in the hydrographically mixed waters of the central and southern North Sea. We then used a long-term wave reanalysis to construct a time series of bed shear stress from 1900 to 2010. This shows that bed shear stress increased significantly across the shelf over this period, explaining more than half of the observed decline in water clarity over this period. Wave-driven processes are rarely included in projections of climate change impacts on marine ecosystems, but our analysis indicates that this should be reconsidered for shelf sea regions.
Determining the Plio-Quaternary uplift of the southern French massif-Central; a new insights for intraplate orogen dynamics
Authors: Malcles Oswald , Vernant Philippe , Chéry Jean , Camps Pierre , Cazes Gaël , Ritz Jean-François , Fink David
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The evolution of intra-plate orogens is still poorly understood. Yet, this is of major importance for understanding the Earth and plate dynamic, as well as the link between surface and deep geodynamic processes. The French Massif Central is an intraplate orogen with a mean elevation of 1000 m, with the highest peak elevations ranging from 1500 m to 1885 m. However, active deformation of the region is still debated due to scarce evidence either from geomorphological or geophysical (i.e. geodesy and seismology) data. Because the Cévennes margin allows the use of karst sediments geochronology and morphometrical analysis, we study the vertical displacements of that region: the southern part of the French Massif-Central. Geochronology and morphometrical results, helped with lithospheric-scale numerical modelling, allow, then, a better understanding of this intraplate-orogen evolution and dynamic. Using the ability of the karst to durably record morphological evolution, we first quantify the incision rates. We then investigate tilting of geomorphological benchmarks by means of a high-resolution DEM. We finally use the newly quantified incision rates to constrain numerical models and compare the results with the geomorphometric study. We show that absolute burial age (10Be/26Al on quartz cobbles) and the paleomagnetic analysis of karstic clay deposits for multiple cave system over a large elevation range correlate consistently. This correlation indicates a regional incision rate of 83.4 +17.3/−5.4 m Ma−1 during the last ca 4 Myrs (Plio-Quaternary). Moreover, we point out through the analysis of 55 morphological benchmarks that the studied region has undergone a regional southward tilting. This tilting is expected as being due to a differential vertical motion between the north and southern part of the studied area. Numerical models show that erosion-induced isostatic rebound can explain up to two-thirds of the regional uplift deduced from dating technics and are consistent with the southward tilting obtain from morphological analysis. We presume that the remaining part is related to dynamic topography or thermal isostasy due to the Massif Central plio-quaternary magmatism.
Applying Computer-based Testing in Palestine: Assessing Fourth and Fifth Graders Inductive Reasoning
Authors: Mousa Mojahed , Molnár Gyöngyvér
Published: June 2019

Computer-based assessment offers unique possibilities for collecting data about student’s cognitive development and using this data to improve learning. Its innovative approach to assessment (Thurlow, et al., 2010) encourages educational systems worldwide to involve it. This study introduces and tests the applicability of computer-based testing in the Palestinian schools by measuring fourth (N=123) and fifth (N=125) graders (age ± 9-10) inductive reasoning skills. The online test consists of 60 items measuring figural series (18 items), figural analogy (18 items), numerical series (16 items) and numerical analogy (8 items). Automatic scoring was used and at the end of the test instant feedback was provided for the students. The online data collection was carried out via the eDia platform (Molnár & Csapó, 2019) using the schools’ infrastructure. The time spent to complete the test was approximately 60 minutes. The reliability (Cronbach-alpha) of the inductive reasoning test was .807. The test proved to be difficult for the students M=25.29% SD=10.94%. There were no significant gender differences (M_girls=26.75, M_boys=24.13; t=-1,92, p>.05). Students with higher school achievement proved to be more developed in inductive reasoning skill (M_school_advanced=40.08, M_school_average=25.48; M_school_low=14.50, F=528.16, p<.001; r=.89, p<.001), which indicates that its assessment and development must be included in the Palestine school curriculum. This study provided evidence that (1) computer-based testing can be introduced in the Palestinian school system even at early ages; (2) the development of inductive reasoning is an integral part of the Palestinian school curriculum, thus the stimulation of it is pursued explicitly in Palestinian schools.
The Effect of Pre-reading Activities on the Comprehension of L2 Texts by Iranian Pre-intermediate EFL Learners
Authors: Rasouli Roghayeh , Zohouri Vaghei Akhtar , Pourmohammadi Majid
Published: June 2019

This present study investigated the effects of pre-reading activities on the reading comprehension ability of Iranian pre-intermediate level EFL learners. To this end, 40 female EFL learners with the age of 14 to 18 who were studying at Soroush English Institute in Rasht, Iran were selected from a larger population based on their performance on a Quick Placement Test. Then the participants were randomly assigned to one experimental and one control group. A pretest piloted before with the reliability index of .86 was administered to both groups. Next, the experimental group received 10 sessions treatment that was vocabulary pre-teaching. Meanwhile, the control group received its usual classroom teaching. Then, a posttest with the reliability index of .88 was administered to both groups. The result of this study revealed that experimental group who received the new treatment achieved higher proficiency in reading comprehension than the control group. Therefore, the result of this study confirmed that pre-reading activities and vocabulary pre-teaching can statistically improve the participants’ reading comprehension ability.
Mediations of Xinjiang: For an Aesthetic Politics
Authors: Cubitt Sean
Published: June 2019

Zhang Qian’s second-century B.C.E. reports on his travels through what is now the northwestern Chinese province of Xinjiang begin two millennia of mediations of this large and fraught region. This article’s consideration of mediations on landscape begins with Tsui Hark’s film Seven Swords, looking back to drawing and photography, and forward to geographic information systems and financial software, each giving their own, often complex, accounts of the land. This history, and the multiplicity of contemporary practices, raises the question of subjectivity: of who or what expresses and who or what observes or understands these layers of mediation, representation, and communication, in the past or today. The author argues that, for ecocritique in the age of terracide, aesthetics is not merely symptomatic or ideological, it is the one sure ground for a new politics.
Pleated Time and Posthuman Temporalities in OtherLife
Authors: Christiansen Steen
Published: June 2019

The Australian science fiction movie OtherLife presents an interesting argument for the modulation of temporal experience. Working from the premise that a drug (or “biological software”) can produce new memories in people, as well as revise old memories, the movie makes a posthuman argument about how human being experience time. This argument is also evident in the audiovisual form of the movie itself. Speed ramping, screen mirroring, dolly zooms, and other devices dislodge a straightforward presentation of time. Similarly, the narrative form loops and revises itself, restating events and even showing different versions of past events. Taken together, this movie shows how we do not have an experience of time but instead participate in an experience of time. This experience includes the temporal articulations of technologies—the biological software OtherLife in the movie, and the aesthetics of the film itself.
The Part Is Greater Than the Whole: Montage as Fragment in Hitchcock, Argento, and De Palma
Authors: Isaacs Bruce
Published: June 2019

Hitchcock famously defined “pure cinema” as montage: “to me, pure film, pure cinema, is pieces of film assembled.” It’s a simple, workable definition of one aspect of film form that had long fascinated filmmakers and theorists. This article attempts to analyze the foundation of Hitchcockian montage as a process of the fragmentation of the organic whole of visual, aural, and narrative form. I begin with Hitchcock, and then consider the materialization of a Hitchcockian montage schema in the work of Dario Argento and Brian De Palma, two filmmakers who proudly declare an aesthetic and philosophical debt to Hitchcock’s cinema. In their explicit imitation of the Hitchcockian schema, I trace the cinema of the giallo and De Palma as a further abstraction of the part from the whole, but in this imitative, reflexive, aesthetic gesture, the bond between part and whole is increasingly tenuous, synthetic, and irrational.
Editorial Núm. 30
Authors: Castillo Herrera Beverly
Published: June 2019

Revista Científica de FAREM-Estelí, Núm. 30.
Posicionamiento de la empresa AGROCOMSA versus las casas comerciales de agroquímicos de la ciudad de Jalapa en el año 2018
Authors: Salinas Artica Karen Omara , Golovina Natalia Sergueyevna
Published: June 2019

Este articulo contiene los principales resultados de la investigación realizada en la Empresa AGROCOMSA que comercializa productos agroquímicos, y está ubicada en la ciudad de Jalapa, al norte de Nicaragua. En el estudio se aborda el “Posicionamiento de la empresa AGROCOMSA con respecto a las casas comerciales de agroquímicos de la ciudad de Jalapa en el año 2018”. Configurando de esta forma un mapa competitivo de este sector con los demás agro servicios químicos, y los atributos importantes para los consumidores al momento de decidir la compra. El diseño metodológico es mixto porque incluye el análisis de variables cualitativas y cuantitativas validadas para el estudio del posicionamiento, es de tipo aplicada y se basa en un paradigma pragmático. De corte trasversal y muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple. El universo de investigación consta de 2000 productores de la ciudad de Jalapa, y cinco agros servicios químicos, uno de ellos es AGROCOMSA. La información fue recolectada utilizando instrumentos como encuestas a consumidores, y entrevistas a los gerentes. La encuesta fue analizada en Microsoft Excel. Los principales resultados del estudio demuestran que el AGROCOMSA está posicionado como uno de los tres agro servicios de reconocimiento por las empresas de la ciudad de Jalapa, este segmento de mercado es altamente identificable y muy rígido para realizar sus compras.
Comportamiento de poblaciones de trips (Insecta: Thysanoptera) asociados al ejote francés (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) en Guatemala
Authors: Toledo-Perdomo Claudia Elizabeth , Sagastume-Mena Héctor Alfredo
Published: June 2019

La identificación y comportamiento de los trips son aspectos a tener en cuenta para implementar un adecuado manejo del cultivo. Debido a esto se evaluó el comportamiento de las poblaciones de Thysanoptera presentes en plantas de ejote francés (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) y su preferencia por el color de las flores. También se identificaron las especies de trips asociadas a esta fabácea, las cuales fueron obtenidas mediante muestreos realizados cada 15 días en cuatro parcelas de 400 m², durante dos ciclos de desarrollo del cultivo. Las variables consideradas en este estudio fueron: parte de la planta (basal, media y superior), color de la flor (blanca, amarilla), distribución en hojas y flores, y época del año (seca y lluviosa). Con los datos obtenidos se realizó un análisis de varianza y la prueba F suma de cuadrados, además de la separación de medias por medio de la prueba DGC. El análisis se ejecutó con el programa InfoStat versión 2014. Las pruebas de medias fueron realizadas al 1% de nivel de significación. Para la identificación de las especies de trips se utilizaron claves taxonómicas. Las especies recolectadas fueron Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande, 1895), Thrips tabaci (Lindeman, 1889) y Caliothrips phaseoli (Hood, 1912). En general las poblaciones de trips se situaron en la parte media de las plantas y sobre hojas jóvenes. En la etapa de floración los trips mostraron preferencia por las flores blancas, estableciendo además que tienen predilección por la época seca debido a que favorece su desarrollo.
The matching problem of empty vehicle redistribution in autonomous taxi systems
Authors: Babicheva Tatiana , Burghout Wilco , Andreasson Ingmar , Faul Nadege
Published: June 2019

This article discusses empty vehicle redistribution algorithms for PRT and autonomous taxi services from a passenger service perspective. In modern literature reactive methods such as nearest neighbours are commonly used. In this article we first formulate the general matching problem on a bipartite graph of available vehicles and stations. In addition, we propose an index-based proactive redistribution (IBR) 18,19 algorithm based on predicted near-future demand at stations. The results of different redistribution methods implemented on a simple line test case show that none of the proposed methods are optimal in all cases. Test results of six variations of combined proactive and reactive strategies on a test case in Paris Saclay, France with 20 stations and 100 vehicles are given. The combined Nearest Neighbour / IBR provides a promising solution for both peak and off-peak demand, significantly outperforming all other methods considered, in terms of passenger waiting time (both average and maximum) as well as in terms of station queue lengths.
Crude Oil Price and Exchange Rates - The Case of Malaysia and Brunei
Authors: Hadi Abdul Razak Abdul , Hussain Hafezali Iqbal , Zainudin Zalina , Rehan Raja
Published: June 2019

This study is driven by the motivation to investigate the impacts crude oil price fluctuations on Malaysian and Brunei exchange rates as proxied by RM/USD and BD/USD respectively. Even though there is no specific economic theories that can help explain the interaction between commodity and foreign exchange markets, the study is research-worthy as both Malaysia and Brunei are major oil-exporting countries in South East Asia. This study is considered quite extensive involving 370 data points spanning from January 1988 till October 2018. Using Engle-Granger 2-Step Cointegration Test (1987) as an estimation tool, the empirical results show the presence of long-term equilibrium relationship between the two national currencies and crude oil price. Interestingly, there is also a significant short-run causality between them in both countries. With respect to the short-run dynamics, there is a unidirectional causality running from crude oil price to the two exchange rates. The study also posits that RM is less prone to changes in crude oil price during the period before Asian Debt Crisis in 1997. After the removal of RM peg in June 2005, RM is found to be more sensitive towards changes in crude oil price over short haul. In summary, the significant equilibrium and dynamic relationships between the national currencies and crude oil price are therefore confirmed and perhaps the quotation of crude oil price in USD could be one of the explanations.
Mapping in Intellectual Capital Measurement in Creative Industries in East Java
Authors: Sukarno Gendut , Wigati Wulan Retno , Irbayuni Sulastri , Fitriyah Mas Anienda Tien
Published: June 2019

In the context of global competition, competition not only occurs in the world of industry and trade, but also applies to creative businesses or more specifically creative industries which are industries that come from the utilization of individual skills, creativity and talent in creating welfare and employment use. Problems in managing SMEs and creative industries that have not been resolved are intellectual capital issues.One approach used in the assessment and measurement of knowledge assets (intellectual property / assets) is Intellectual Capital which consists of 3 main elements, namely Human Capital, Structural Capital, and Relational Capital. Creative industries are industries that are unique and emphasize creativity, innovation and utilization of individual talents need to get maximum management. The purpose of this study is to find a model, the appropriate components of intellectual capital, and to get a real picture of the rules of Human Capital; Structural Capital and Relational Capital for creative industries in East Java. The sample in this study is the owner / manager / leader of 5 creative industry sub-sectors in 9 cities in East Java (Surabaya, Pasuruan, Probolinggo, Mojokerto, Batu, Malang, Kediri, Blitar, and Madiun) with a sample of 45 as respondents. The analysis technique used in this study is the Spider Plot Diagram.Based on the results of the survey and studies, the aspect of mapping of intellectual capital in 5 (five) creative industry sub-sectors in East Java shows that relational capital is more dominant followed by human capital, and the lowest is structural capital.
Regional Financial Model Mapping Independence to Fiscal in East Java
Authors: Huda Syamsul , Priana Wiwin , Fitriyah Zumrotul
Published: June 2019

With the advent of Law No. 22 years 1999 set an authority and responsibility from central government to local government and UUNo.25 1999 governing financial between the center and regions, especially in the District city in East Java n local resources and reduce dependence of the center.This study aims to determine the independence of the Regency / City in East Java analysis used is qualitative analysis, the analysis that are explained in the description or in the form of sentences and quantitative analysis, namely analysis using formulas and definite analysis. Quantitative analysis includes the analysis of the degree of fiscal decentralization determine the level of independence of regional and sectoral economic potential in the District East Java so that it can determine the level of fiscal independence and economic potential of the region. Results are expected to be used i pattern of the relationship between the central government and the government in the district / city in East Java as well as the formula right policy for future economic development.From this research it is known that the city of Surabaya has a degree of fiscal autonomy for PAD at 48% of revenue while the region Gresik on the degree of fiscal autonomy degree enough and Sidoarjo district in degrees, please. There are 32 regions in the East dijawa degree of fiscal independence of each very less independent, meaning of Balance Funds as well as from centers of poropinsi
Learning Styles in Problem-based Learning Environments Impacts on Student Achievement and Professional Preparation in University Level Physical Therapy Courses
Authors: Edwards David J. , Kupczynski Lori , Groff Shannon L.
Published: June 2019

It is unknown if matching students’ preferred learning style with course delivery style improves academic success and further study is warranted in this area (Feely & Biggerstaff, 2017; Newton & Miah, 2017). Recently, there has been a call to better identify and understand the preferred learning styles of physical therapy education students and the effect this has on education (Brudvig, Mattson, & Guarino, 2016; Lowdermilk, 2016). While the benefit of matching teaching and learning styles has been investigated in other academic disciplines, it has not been investigated in physical therapy education. The purpose of this study was to determine if student preferred learning style is related to success in a learner centered problem-based learning formatted class and program, specifically for physical therapy students. Results provide insights into preferred learning styles and student achievement in a problem-based learning centered Doctoral level Physical Therapy Program.
El Tratado de Marrakech, ¿libros para ciegos? | The Treaty of Marrakech, books for the blind?
Authors: Fuentes Vargas Carlos
Published: June 2019

Fuentes, C. (2019): “El Tratado de Marrakech, ¿libros para ciegos?”. Revista Española de Discapacidad, 7 (I): 251-255.
On the possibilities of using composite girders
as hall covering structures
Authors: Bilko Piotr , Sawczynski Szymon
Published: June 2019

The article presents the possibilities of using girders made of plastics in hall covering structures in comparison with girders made of traditional materials, such as steel and wood, commonly used in civil engineering. Profiles made of polymers reinforced with glass fibre with the pultrusion method show enormous potential in the construction business. Until today polymers have been used as construction materials only occasionally despite the numerous benefits they offer, such as improved durability in aggressive environments and smaller weight in comparison with traditional materials, to mention but a few of their flag advantages. Polymer composites have a relatively low resistance to high temperatures, especially fire has a very negative influence on them.