bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED ARTICLE: The Risk of Prostate Cancer in Pilots: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Raslau David , Summerfield Douglas T. , Abu Dabrh Abd M. , Steinkraus Lawrence W. , Murad Mohammad H.
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUND: Aviation exposes pilots to various occupationally related hazards, including ionizing radiation and chemical combustion. The possible increased risk of prostate cancer among pilots in comparison to the general population is a subject of debate. This systematic review
and meta-analysis aimed to determine the quality of supporting evidence and magnitude of this association.METHODS: All studies pertaining to prostate cancer in pilots were retrieved from multiple databases and from a manual search. Any study that assessed the incidence of prostate
cancer relative to the incidence in the general population was included regardless of language or size. A random effect model was used to pool relative risks (RR) across studies. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Q statistic and I2.RESULTS: Eight studies with a low
risk of bias were included in the meta-analysis. Pilots had an increased risk of developing prostate cancer compared to the general population [RR 2.0; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.5–2.7]. The analysis was associated with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 79%). Several subgroups
had significantly increased risk, such as African American pilots (RR 10.00; 95% CI, 5.04–19.86) and military pilots (RR 3.30; 95% CI, 2.03–5.39).CONCLUSION: Pilots are at least twice as likely to develop prostate cancer compared to the general population. The implications
of these findings are important considering the high prevalence of prostate cancer and the large number of pilots in the workforce.Raslau D, Summerfield DT, Abu Dabrh AM, Steinkraus LW, Murad MH. The risk of prostate cancer in pilots: a meta-analysis. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015;
86(2):112–117. 
Centrifuge-Simulated Suborbital Spaceflight in Subjects with Cardiac Implanted Devices
Authors: Blue Rebecca S. , Reyes David P. , Castleberry Tarah L. , Vanderploeg James M.
Published: December 2015

INTRODUCTION: Future commercial spaceflight participants (SFPs) with conditions requiring personal medical devices represent a unique challenge. The behavior under stress of cardiac implanted devices (CIDs) such as pacemakers is of special concern. No known data currently exist
on how such devices may react to the stresses of spaceflight. We examined the responses of two volunteer subjects with CIDs to G forces in a centrifuge to evaluate how similar potential commercial SFPs might tolerate the forces of spaceflight.CASE REPORT: Two subjects, 75- and 79-yr-old
men with histories of atrial fibrillation and implanted dual-lead, rate-responsive pacemakers, underwent seven centrifuge runs over 2 d. Day 1 consisted of two +Gz runs (peak = +3.5 Gz, run 2) and two +Gx runs (peak = +6.0 Gx, run 4). Day 2 consisted
of three runs approximating suborbital spaceflight profiles (combined +Gx/+Gz). Data collected included blood pressures, electrocardiograms, pulse oximetry, neurovestibular exams, and postrun questionnaires regarding motion sickness, disorientation, greyout, and other
symptoms. Despite both subjects’ significant medical histories, neither had abnormal physiological responses. Post-spin analysis demonstrated no lead displacement, damage, or malfunction of either CID.DISCUSSION: Potential risks to SFPs with CIDs include increased arrhythmogenesis,
lead displacement, and device damage. There are no known prior studies of individuals with CIDs exposed to accelerations anticipated during the dynamic phases of suborbital spaceflight. These cases demonstrate that even individuals with significant medical histories and implanted devices can
tolerate the acceleration exposures of commercial spaceflight. Further investigation will determine which personal medical devices present significant risks during suborbital flight and beyond.Blue RS, Reyes DP, Castleberry TL, Vanderploeg JM. Centrifuge-simulated suborbital spaceflight
in subjects with cardiac implanted devices. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015; 86(4):410–413.
Tolerance of Centrifuge-Simulated Suborbital Spaceflight in Subjects with Implanted Insulin Pumps
Authors: Levin Dana R. , Blue Rebecca S. , Castleberry Tarah L. , Vanderploeg James M.
Published: December 2015

INTRODUCTION: With commercial spaceflight comes the possibility of spaceflight participants (SFPs) with significant medical conditions. Those with previously untested medical conditions, such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and the use of indwelling medical devices, represent a unique
challenge. It is unclear how SFPs with such devices will react to the stresses of spaceflight. This case report describes two subjects with Type I DM using insulin pumps who underwent simulated dynamic phases of spaceflight via centrifuge G force exposure.CASE REPORT: Two Type I
diabetic subjects with indwelling Humalog insulin pumps, a 23-yr-old man averaging 50 u of Humalog daily and a 27-yr-old man averaging 60 u of Humalog daily, underwent seven centrifuge runs over 48 h. Day 1 consisted of two +Gz runs (peak = +3.5 Gz, run 2) and two +Gx
runs (peak = +6.0 Gx, run 4). Day 2 consisted of three runs approximating suborbital spaceflight profiles (combined +Gx and +Gz). Data collected included blood pressure, electrocardiogram, pulse oximetry, neurovestibular evaluation, and questionnaires regarding
motion sickness, disorientation, greyout, and other symptoms. Neither subject experienced adverse clinical responses to the centrifuge exposure. Both maintained blood glucose levels between 110–206 mg · dl−1.DISCUSSION: Potential risks to SFPs with
insulin pump dependent DM include hypo/hyperglycemia, pump damage, neurovestibular dysfunction, skin breakdown, and abnormal stress responses. A search of prior literature did not reveal any previous studies of individuals with DM on insulin pumps exposed to prolonged accelerations. These
cases suggest that individuals with conditions dependent on continuous medication delivery might tolerate the accelerations anticipated for commercial spaceflight.Levin DR, Blue RS, Castleberry TL, Vanderploeg JM. Tolerance of centrifuge-simulated suborbital spaceflight in subjects
with implanted insulin pumps. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015; 86(4):407–409.
Non-Parametric Estimation of Intraday Spot Volatility: Disentangling Instantaneous Trend and Seasonality
Authors: Vatter Thibault , Wu Hau-Tieng , Chavez-Demoulin Valérie , Yu Bin
Published: December 2015

We provide a new framework for modeling trends and periodic patterns in high-frequency financial data. Seeking adaptivity to ever-changing market conditions, we enlarge the Fourier flexible form into a richer functional class: both our smooth trend and the seasonality are non-parametrically time-varying and evolve in real time. We provide the associated estimators and use simulations to show that they behave adequately in the presence of jumps and heteroskedastic and heavy-tailed noise. A study of exchange rate returns sampled from 2010 to 2013 suggests that failing to factor in the seasonality’s dynamic properties may lead to misestimation of the intraday spot volatility.
Study of the Impact of Initial Moisture Content in Oil Impregnated Insulation Paper on Thermal Aging Rate of Condenser Bushing
Authors: Wang Youyuan , Xiao Kun , Chen Bijun , Li Yuanlong
Published: December 2015

This paper studied the impact of moisture on the correlated characteristics of the condenser bushings oil-paper insulation system. The oil-impregnated paper samples underwent accelerated thermal aging at 130 °C after preparation at different initial moisture contents (1%, 3%, 5% and 7%). All the samples were extracted periodically for the measurement of the moisture content, the degree of polymerization (DP) and frequency domain dielectric spectroscopy (FDS). Next, the measurement results of samples were compared to the related research results of transformer oil-paper insulation, offering a theoretical basis of the parameter analysis. The obtained results show that the moisture fluctuation amplitude can reflect the different initial moisture contents of insulating paper and the mass ratio of oil and paper has little impact on the moisture content fluctuation pattern in oil-paper but has a great impact on moisture fluctuation amplitude; reduction of DP presents an accelerating trend with the increase of initial moisture content, and the aging rate of test samples is higher under low moisture content but lower under high moisture content compared to the insulation paper in transformers. Two obvious “deceleration zones” appeared in the dielectric spectrum with the decrease of frequency, and not only does the integral value of dielectric dissipation factor (tan δ) reflect the aging degree, but it reflects the moisture content in solid insulation. These types of research in this paper can be applied to evaluate the condition of humidified insulation and the aging state of solid insulation for condenser bushings.
Optimization of Train Operation in Multiple Interstations with Multi-Population Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Huang Youneng , Ma Xiao , Su Shuai , Tang Tao
Published: December 2015

Subway systems consume a large amount of energy each year. How to reduce the energy consumption of subway systems has already become an issue of concern in recent years. This paper proposes an energy-efficient approach to reduce the traction energy by optimizing the train operation for multiple interstations. Both the trip time and driving strategy are considered in the proposed optimization approach. Firstly, a bi-level programming model of multiple interstations is developed for the energy-efficient train operation problem, which is then converted into an integrated model to calculate the driving strategy for multiple interstations. Additionally, the multi-population genetic algorithm (MPGA) is used to solve the problem, followed by calculating the energy-efficient trip times. Finally, the paper presents some examples based on the operation data of the Beijing Changping subway line. The simulation results show that the proposed approach presents a better energy-efficient performance than that with only optimizing the driving strategy for a single interstation.
Interactions, Starbursts, and Star Formation
Authors: Knapen Johan , Querejeta Miguel
Published: December 2015

We study how interactions between galaxies affect star formation within them by considering a sample of almost 1500 of the nearest galaxies, all within a distance of ∼45 Mpc. We use the far-IR emission to define the massive star formation rate (SFR), and then normalise the SFR by the stellar mass of the galaxy to obtain the specific star formation rate (SSFR). We explore the distribution of (S)SFR with morphological type and with stellar mass. We calculate the relative enhancement of SFR and SSFR for each galaxy by normalising them by the median SFR and SSFR values of individual control samples of similar non-interacting galaxies. We find that both the median SFR and SSFR are enhanced in interacting galaxies, and more so as the degree of interaction is higher. The increase is moderate, reaching a maximum of a factor of 1.9 for the highest degree of interaction (mergers). While the SFR and SSFR are enhanced statistically by interactions, in many individual interacting galaxies they are not enhanced at all. Our study is based on a representative sample of nearby galaxies and should be used to place constraints on studies based on samples of galaxies at larger distances.
Psychosocial Impact of Epilepsy in Older Adults
Authors: Manacheril Rinu , Faheem Urooba , Labiner David , Drake Kendra , Chong Jenny
Published: December 2015

Objective: The purpose of our study was to describe the quality of life of older adults with seizures or epilepsy and compare its psychosocial impact between those who were new diagnosed and those diagnosed before the age of 65. Methods: In-depth face to face interviews with open ended questions were conducted with two participant groups: Incident group: 42 older adults (>65 years) with new onset or newly diagnosed after age of 65; and Prevalent group: 15 older adults (>65 years) diagnosed before age of 65. Interviews were reviewed and coded using a list of themes and results were compared between the two groups. Eight topics were selected from the participants’ responses to questions about the psychosocial impact of epilepsy and seizures. The topics were then analyzed and compared between the two groups. Results: The topics analyzed were: Emotional and physical impact, significant life changes, co-morbidities, information gathering, stigma, AED side effects, changes in relationships and attitude toward diagnosis. Conclusion: We concluded that the age at onset and duration does seem to have a negative correlation with health related quality of life. However, the perceived health status of older adults with chronic epilepsy was significantly better and reflected in their more positive approach to the diagnosis of seizures or epilepsy probably because they have had a longer opportunity to learn to cope with their diagnosis.
Associations between Dietary Factors and Self-Reported Physical Health in Chinese Scientific Workers
Authors: Gong Qian-fen , Tu Ling , Zhou Liang , Chen Hong
Published: December 2015

Background: Scientific workers play an important role in the development of science and technology. However, evidence is lacking with regard to the associations between their dietary factors and their health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 775 scientific workers from multiple universities and institutes in the Southwest region of China. A self-administered food-frequency questionnaire was used to collect the food consumption information, and the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey was used to assess physical HRQOL. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with scientific workers’ HRQOL. Results: Physical HRQOL was negatively associated with age and intake of fresh pork (fat) and animal viscera, whereas consumption of vegetables, fruits, refined cereals and dairy products were positively correlated with physical HRQOL. Participants with daily intake of vegetable oils or mixed oils showed higher physical HRQOL scores than those with intake of animal oils. Conclusions: Dietary habits are closely associated with the physical HRQOL of scientific workers. The dietary patterns that had more vegetables and fruits, less fresh pork (fat) and animal viscera, and used vegetable oils during cooking corresponded to higher physical HRQOL scores. These findings are important for planning dietary strategies to improve physical health in scientific workers.
FLIP the Switch: Regulation of Apoptosis and Necroptosis by cFLIP
Authors: Tsuchiya Yuichi , Nakabayashi Osamu , Nakano Hiroyasu
Published: December 2015

cFLIP (cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein) is structurally related to caspase-8 but lacks proteolytic activity due to multiple amino acid substitutions of catalytically important residues. cFLIP protein is evolutionarily conserved and expressed as three functionally different isoforms in humans (cFLIPL, cFLIPS, and cFLIPR). cFLIP controls not only the classical death receptor-mediated extrinsic apoptosis pathway, but also the non-conventional pattern recognition receptor-dependent apoptotic pathway. In addition, cFLIP regulates the formation of the death receptor-independent apoptotic platform named the ripoptosome. Moreover, recent studies have revealed that cFLIP is also involved in a non-apoptotic cell death pathway known as programmed necrosis or necroptosis. These functions of cFLIP are strictly controlled in an isoform-, concentration- and tissue-specific manner, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system plays an important role in regulating the stability of cFLIP. In this review, we summarize the current scientific findings from biochemical analyses, cell biological studies, mathematical modeling, and gene-manipulated mice models to illustrate the critical role of cFLIP as a switch to determine the destiny of cells among survival, apoptosis, and necroptosis.
Bioethics and Human Rights in the Constitutional Formation of Global Health
Authors: Krajewska Atina
Published: December 2015

“Global health” is an increasingly important area of research and practice, concerned with the profound implications of globalisation for individual and communal health (particularly in developing countries) and focused on achieving health equity for all people worldwide. As such, it is often viewed as overlapping with public health and, thus, conceptually distinct from the field of biomedicine and bioethics. Both fields bear an uneasy relationship with the field of human rights, which remains largely unexplored. The paper constructively utilises insight derived from theories of global legal pluralism and global constitutionalism to argue, perhaps controversially, that recent developments in international biomedical law and bioethics, constitute an important phase in the constitutional construction of a global health law system. In doing so, the paper analyses the role of human rights in the growing constitutional autonomy and organization of global health.
Quasi-Steady-State Analysis based on Structural Modules and Timed Petri Net Predict System’s Dynamics: The Life Cycle of the Insulin Receptor
Authors: Scheidel Jennifer , Lindauer Klaus , Ackermann Jörg , Koch Ina
Published: December 2015

The insulin-dependent activation and recycling of the insulin receptor play an essential role in the regulation of the energy metabolism, leading to a special interest for pharmaceutical applications. Thus, the recycling of the insulin receptor has been intensively investigated, experimentally as well as theoretically. We developed a time-resolved, discrete model to describe stochastic dynamics and study the approximation of non-linear dynamics in the context of timed Petri nets. Additionally, using a graph-theoretical approach, we analyzed the structure of the regulatory system and demonstrated the close interrelation of structural network properties with the kinetic behavior. The transition invariants decomposed the model into overlapping subnetworks of various sizes, which represent basic functional modules. Moreover, we computed the quasi-steady states of these subnetworks and demonstrated that they are fundamental to understand the dynamic behavior of the system. The Petri net approach confirms the experimental results of insulin-stimulated degradation of the insulin receptor, which represents a common feature of insulin-resistant, hyperinsulinaemic states.
Solid-State Characterization and Biological Activity of Betulonic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Ledeţi Ionuţ , Avram Ştefana , Bercean Vasile , Vlase Gabriela , Vlase Titus , Ledeţi Adriana , Zupko Istvan , Mioc Marius , Şuta Lenuţa-Maria , Şoica Codruţa , Dehelean Cristina
Published: December 2015

Betulonic acid belongs to the pentacyclic triterpenic derivative class and can be obtained through the selective oxidation of betulin. In this study we set obtaining several functionalized derivatives of this compound by its condensation with several amino compounds such as aminoguanidine, hydroxylamine, n-butylamine and thiosemicarbazide as our goal. The functionalization of the parent compound led to several molecules with antiproliferative potential, the most promising being 3–2-carbamothioylhydrazonolup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid.
Non-Cytotoxic Quantum Dot–Chitosan Nanogel Biosensing Probe for Potential Cancer Targeting Agent
Authors: Maxwell Tyler , Banu Tahmina , Price Edward , Tharkur Jeremy , Campos Maria , Gesquiere Andre , Santra Swadeshmukul
Published: December 2015

Quantum dot (Qdot) biosensors have consistently provided valuable information to researchers about cellular activity due to their unique fluorescent properties. Many of the most popularly used Qdots contain cadmium, posing the risk of toxicity that could negate their attractive optical properties. The design of a non-cytotoxic probe usually involves multiple components and a complex synthesis process. In this paper, the design and synthesis of a non-cytotoxic Qdot-chitosan nanogel composite using straight-forward cyanogen bromide (CNBr) coupling is reported. The probe was characterized by spectroscopy (UV-Vis, fluorescence), microscopy (Fluorescence, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Dynamic Light Scattering. This activatable (“OFF”/“ON”) probe contains a core–shell Qdot (CdS:Mn/ZnS) capped with dopamine, which acts as a fluorescence quencher and a model drug. Dopamine capped “OFF” Qdots can undergo ligand exchange with intercellular glutathione, which turns the Qdots “ON” to restore fluorescence. These Qdots were then coated with chitosan (natural biocompatible polymer) functionalized with folic acid (targeting motif) and Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC; fluorescent dye). To demonstrate cancer cell targetability, the interaction of the probe with cells that express different folate receptor levels was analyzed, and the cytotoxicity of the probe was evaluated on these cells and was shown to be nontoxic even at concentrations as high as 100 mg/L.
Variations of Microwave Scattering Properties by Seasonal Freeze/Thaw Transition in the Permafrost Active Layer Observed by ALOS PALSAR Polarimetric Data
Authors: Park Sang-Eun
Published: December 2015

Radar backscattering properties can be extremely sensitive to the freeze/thaw states of the ground surface. This study aims to evaluate the changes of L-band microwave scattering characteristics between thawed and frozen conditions by using polarimetric scattering mechanism indicators. ALOS PALSAR polarimetric mode data acquired in winter and spring seasons over Eastern Siberia are used in this study. Experimental results show that the actual scattering mechanisms and their seasonal variations over various forested and non-forested permafrost ecosystems can be successfully characterized by the polarimetric target decomposition parameters and the polarimetric coherences. In addition, fully polarimetric radar observations exhibit great potential for mapping land cover types and surficial features in the permafrost active layer. Particularly, the co-polarization coherences on the HV-polarization basis and circular-polarization basis were found to be very useful for discriminating different surficial geocryological characteristics in recently burnt forests and thermokarst regions.
Using Stochastic Ray Tracing to Simulate a Dense Time Series of Gross Primary Productivity
Authors: Van Leeuwen Martin , Coops Nicholas , Black T.
Published: December 2015

Eddy-covariance carbon dioxide flux measurement is an established method to estimate primary productivity at the forest stand level (typically 10 ha). To validate eddy-covariance estimates, researchers rely on extensive time-series analysis and an assessment of flux contributions made by various ecosystem components at spatial scales much finer than the eddy-covariance footprint. Scaling these contributions to the stand level requires a consideration of the heterogeneity in the canopy radiation field. This paper presents a stochastic ray tracing approach to predict the probabilities of light absorption from over a thousand hemispherical directions by thousands of individual scene elements. Once a look-up table of absorption probabilities is computed, dynamic illumination conditions can be simulated in a computationally realistic time, from which stand-level gross primary productivity can be obtained by integrating photosynthetic assimilation over the scene. We demonstrate the method by inverting a leaf-level photosynthesis model with eddy-covariance and meteorological data. Optimized leaf photosynthesis parameters and canopy structure were able to explain 75% of variation in eddy-covariance gross primary productivity estimates, and commonly used parameters, including photosynthetic capacity and quantum yield, fell within reported ranges. Remaining challenges are discussed including the need to address the distribution of radiation within shoots and needles.
Estimating Roof Solar Energy Potential in the Downtown Area Using a GPU-Accelerated Solar Radiation Model and Airborne LiDAR Data
Authors: Huang Yan , Chen Zuoqi , Wu Bin , Chen Liang , Mao Weiqing , Zhao Feng , Wu Jianping , Wu Junhan , Yu Bailang
Published: December 2015

Solar energy, as a clean and renewable resource is becoming increasingly important in the global context of climate change and energy crisis. Utilization of solar energy in urban areas is of great importance in urban energy planning, environmental conservation, and sustainable development. However, available spaces for solar panel installation in cities are quite limited except for building roofs. Furthermore, complex urban 3D morphology greatly affects sunlit patterns on building roofs, especially in downtown areas, which makes the determination of roof solar energy potential a challenging task. The object of this study is to estimate the solar radiation on building roofs in an urban area in Shanghai, China, and select suitable spaces for installing solar panels that can effectively utilize solar energy. A Graphic Processing Unit (GPU)-based solar radiation model named SHORTWAVE-C simulating direct and non-direct solar radiation intensity was developed by adding the capability of considering cloud influence into the previous SHORTWAVE model. Airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data was used as the input of the SHORTWAVE-C model and to investigate the morphological characteristics of the study area. The results show that the SHORTWAVE-C model can accurately estimate the solar radiation intensity in a complex urban environment under cloudy conditions, and the GPU acceleration method can reduce the computation time by up to 46%. Two sites with different building densities and rooftop structures were selected to illustrate the influence of urban morphology on the solar radiation and solar illumination duration. Based on the findings, an object-based method was implemented to identify suitable places for rooftop solar panel installation that can fully utilize the solar energy potential. Our study provides useful strategic guidelines for the selection and assessment of roof solar energy potential for urban energy planning.
La pluviométrie ibérique
Authors: Gaussen Henri
Published: December 2015

RÉSUMÉ.

Dans l'Ibérie humide il y a des précipitations durant toute l'année, la position géographique, la proximité de la mer et de la montagne s'unissent pour donner des précipitations qui dépassent 3 m sur les hautes chaînes. En Galice et Asturies le minimum est en été, aux Pyrénées orientales en hiver.

l'Ibérie xérothère (à été sec) a un front occidental à maximum hivernal diminuant du N au S.

La partie centrale de la péninsule subit en été l'influence de l'anticyclone des Acores et en hiver celle de l'anticyclone de la Meseta. Il y a ainsi un minimum estival et un minimum hivernal. Pour l'Ebre et l'E, le type IIP provoque le maximum de printemps, au bassin du Tage et au Nord-Meseta ; IVe, Ve et VIe fournissent un maximum d'automne. Les sierras de Gredos et Estrella sont plus pluvieuses à leur versant Sud qu'à leur versant Nord par l'action du cyclone de Gibraltar.

La côte du Levant et les Baléares ont un double minimum. L'estival est déterminé par l'anticyclone des Açores, l'hivernal par les flux d'air froid au front oriental de l'anticyclone centre- ibérique.

Le total annuel est plus grand qu'au centre, en particulier aux montagnes d'Alcoy qui sont fortement maritimes et sur la crête montagneuse de Majorque.

Le front Sud-Est est sec presque toute l'année, n'atteignant pas 300 mm de précipitations. Les quelques pluies éparses tombent surtout en fin d'automne et en hiver et sont causées par le cyclone de Gibraltar. L'influence pluvieuse du cyclone des Baléares ne s'étend pas si loin vers le SW. Le type IV" n'a pas d'action par suite de la protection des chaînes de montagnes contre les influences de l'Ouest.

Enfin l'Andalousie a, comme la Meseta, deux minima de précipitations, mais celui de Janvier est moins marqué que celui de l'été. Ils sont produits par l'anticyclone centre-ibérique. L'hiver vient après l'automne pour les précipitations. Les montagnes méridionales reçoivent beaucoup d'eau (Sa. de Grazalema 2.471 mm) qui vient en partie de l'W sous l'influence du cyclone de Gibraltar.

En somme, l'Ibérie a beaucoup de types de temps et de cycles annuels inconnus en Europe centrale. Elle le doit à sa position géographique et à sa structure orographique qui créent pour elle des conditions très variées.

En conclusion, cette analyse montre la richesse de l'étude de Lautensach ; elle apporte une documentation très précieuse pour la connaissance de la pluviométrie ibérique.
Sub-monolayer film growth of a volatile lanthanide complex on metallic surfaces
Authors: Isshiki Hironari , Chen Jinjie , Edelmann Kevin , Wulfhekel Wulf
Published: December 2015

We deposited a volatile lanthanide complex, tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)terbium(III), onto metal surfaces of Cu(111), Ag(111) and Au(111) in vacuum and observed well-ordered sub-monolayer films with low temperature (5 K) scanning tunneling microscopy. The films show a distorted three-fold symmetry with a commensurate structure. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy reveals molecular orbitals delocalized on the ligands of the molecule. Our results imply that this complex can be transferred onto the metal substrates without molecular decomposition or contamination of the surface. This new rare-earth-based class of molecules broadens the choice of molecular magnets to study with scanning tunneling microscopy.
High electronic couplings of single mesitylene molecular junctions
Authors: Komoto Yuki , Fujii Shintaro , Nishino Tomoaki , Kiguchi Manabu
Published: December 2015

We report on an experimental analysis of the charge transport properties of single mesitylene (1,3,5-trimethylbenzene) molecular junctions. The electronic conductance and the current–voltage characteristics of mesitylene molecules wired into Au electrodes were measured by a scanning tunnelling microscopy-based break-junction method at room temperature in a liquid environment. We found the molecular junctions exhibited two distinct conductance states with high conductance values of ca. 10−1G0 and of more than 10−3G0 (G0 = 2e2/h) in the electronic conductance measurements. We further performed a statistical analysis of the current–voltage characteristics of the molecular junctions in the two states. Within a single channel resonant tunnelling model, we obtained electronic couplings in the molecular junctions by fitting the current–voltage characteristics to the single channel model. The origin of the high conductance was attributed to experimentally obtained large electronic couplings of the direct π-bonded molecular junctions (ca. 0.15 eV). Based on analysis of the stretch length of the molecular junctions and the large electronic couplings obtained from the I–V analysis, we proposed two structural models, in which (i) mesitylene binds to the Au electrode perpendicular to the charge transport direction and (ii) mesitylene has tilted from the perpendicular orientation.
Carbon–carbon bond cleavage for Cu-mediated aromatic trifluoromethylations and pentafluoroethylations
Authors: Sugiishi Tsuyuka , Amii Hideki , Aikawa Kohsuke , Mikami Koichi
Published: December 2015

This short review highlights the copper-mediated fluoroalkylation using perfluoroalkylated carboxylic acid derivatives. Carbon–carbon bond cleavage of perfluoroalkylated carboxylic acid derivatives takes place in fluoroalkylation reactions at high temperature (150–200 °C) or under basic conditions to generate fluoroalkyl anion sources for the formation of fluoroalkylcopper species. The fluoroalkylation reactions, which proceed through decarboxylation or tetrahedral intermediates, are useful protocols for the synthesis of fluoroalkylated aromatics.
DESIGN OF CIRCULAR COMPOSITE BEAMS WITH A DIFFERENT CONCRETE CORE CONSIDERING THE EFFECT OF CONCRETE IN TENSION
Authors: KVEDARAS Audronis Kazimieras , ŠAUČIUVĖNAS Gintas , KOMKA Arūnas , JUOZAPAITIS Algirdas
Published: December 2015

Currently, the bending resistance of composite steel and concrete circular beams and beam-columns may be analysed assuming the interaction between the steel shell and concrete core but ignoring the behaviour of the part of the concrete core in tension. Some natural and numerical experiments show that an influence of this part of the concrete core on the total value of bending resistance of a composite member may be rather important. Therefore, this paper pre- sents the method developed for the design of hollow and solid concrete-filled steel tubular beams based on the test data. It takes into account an effect of the part of the concrete core in tension and gives a better agreement with test results than EC4 (EN 1994-1-1 2004). Also, the paper presents the results of carried out analytical, experimental and numerical investigations of the hollow centrifuged and solid concrete-filled steel tubular beams.
Le blé : géohistoire d’un grain au cœur du pouvoir
Authors: Abis Sébastien
Published: December 2015

Le blé se situe depuis toujours au cœur de l’Histoire et des jeux de puissance. Enjeu central de l’Antiquité, il s’inscrit dans les stratégies d’approvisionnement, par le commerce mais aussi la guerre, déjà dans une perspective de sécurisation de cette ressource vitale. Dans l’histoire de France, par l’impôt, la « guerre des farines » et les politiques menées, le rôle du blé dans la politique et la sécurité fut majeur. Au XX e siècle, c’est en sa qualité de ressource stratégique dans les équilibres sociopolitiques et géoéconomiques qu’il tient un rôle central puisqu’il devient un vecteur de puissance internationale pour les grands exportateurs. Atout majeur de la puissance française, le blé pourrait bien devenir un élément clé du développement économique et de la politique extérieure de la France.
Don Quixote goes to Hollywood: la reescritura del mito por Charles Chaplin
Authors: Bautista Naranjo Esther
Published: December 2015

El personaje de Charlot, creado por Charles Chaplin, traspone al cine mudo el mito de don Quijote. Unidos por el vínculo de la picaresca, ambos escenifican una dura crítica hacia la modernidad en sus diferentes estadios. Hay que distinguir el simple humorismo vodevilesco de Charlot en las breves tiras de 1914 de su configuración tragicómica desde algunos cortometrajes de 1915 hasta Modern Times (1936). Más allá de sus risibles apariencias físicas, y de sus disparatadas peripecias, subyacen en sus aventuras un heroísmo trágico y un idealismo que les llevan a defender las buenas causas y a apoyar a los desfavorecidos, a la vez que tienen que preocuparse por su propia supervivencia. Charlot une lo cómico con lo sublime y, al igual que el ingenioso hidalgo, su carácter muestra una gran hondura y una sincera humanidad. Todo esto le caracteriza como un Quijote de la gran pantalla.
Para la diversión de los felices pequeños sujetos: Cómo los niños ingleses conocieron Don Quijote en el largo siglo XVIII
Authors: Borham Puyal Miriam
Published: December 2015

En su condición de obra maestra, Don Quijote se ha convertido en un mito fácilmente reconocible, aunque en ocasiones reducido a conocidos pasajes como la lucha contra los molinos o el manteamiento de Sancho. Estos elementos son particularmente recurrentes en las ediciones para niños, lo que sugiere la importancia que estas versiones pueden tener para comprender la extensa popularidad de la novela de Cervantes, en general, y de esos fragmentos en particular. Este artículo explora la relación del lector infantil con Don Quijote y proporciona una visión panorámica de las maneras en las que los niños ingleses del siglo XVIII (1660-1832) pudieron llegar a conocer el texto. Con este objetivo, relaciona literatura de cordel, compendios y libros infantiles para sugerir que los niños pueden ser considerados lectores tempranos de la obra, así como para resaltar el continuo intertextual y la riqueza que existe en la recepción de Don Quijote en Inglaterra, desde el siglo XVII hasta el XIX.
Un episodio español en la Guerra de los Treinta Años: la embajada del marqués de Cadreita al Sacro Imperio y el acercamiento al Elector Sajón (1629-1631)
Authors: Negredo del Cerro Fernando
Published: December 2015

En 1629, aprovechando el viaje de la infanta María para contraer matrimonio con el hijo del Emperador —el futuro Fernando III—, la Monarquía Hispánica envió al Sacro Imperio un nuevo embajador: don Lope Aux Díez de Armendáriz, I marqués de Cadreita, para cubrir la vacante de ordinario que había dejado en aquella corte el marqués de Aytona tras su marcha a Flandes. Su misión parecía que no iba más allá (y así lo ha entendido hasta ahora la historiografía) de reforzar la posición española en Viena colaborando con el resto de agentes allí desplazados. Sin embargo, nuestra investigación pretende mostrar que, al precipitarse los acontecimientos tras los sucesos de Ratisbona, el principal negocio al que acabó yendo don Lope no fue otro que el de intentar reconducir las relaciones con Sajonia, acudiendo incluso a Dresde, si era necesario, para impedir que la política intransigente de Fernando II provocase el acuerdo del Elector luterano con Gustavo Adolfo. Los pormenores de esta embajada son el centro del presente artículo, no por un prurito de erudición, sino porque creemos que, el desconocimiento de éste y otros episodios similares muy alejados de la imagen tradicional de la España del siglo XVII, distorsiona enormemente la percepción de la Guerra de los Treinta Años y del papel desempeñado en ella por la Monarquía Católica.
La ocupación española del Rosellón en 1815
Authors: Ramisa Verdaguer Matías
Published: December 2015

El presente artículo explica la invasión del departamento francés de los Pirineos Orientales por tropas españolas dirigidas por el general Castaños a finales de agosto de 1815, en el contexto de la derrota de Waterloo y posterior ocupación de Francia por los aliados de la Séptima Coalición. Se completa con la presentación de la situación anterior a Waterloo en la provincia de Cataluña, la preparación de la citada invasión, y las consecuencias de la misma, todo ello enmarcado en la política exterior del gobierno de Fernando VII. Las fuentes utilizadas son los legajos del Archivo Histórico Nacional (Madrid) que se refieren a este episodio, y la bibliografía especializada. El objetivo del trabajo ha sido el de relatar un suceso poco conocido, acaecido poco después del final de la Guerra de la Independencia, para poner de relieve la escasa e indecisa política exterior española de la etapa del Congreso de Viena. La invasión napoleónica había acentuado la crisis interna española y el declive internacional del país. Todo ello se refleja en la ocupación del Rosellón y la rápida retirada ordenada por el general Castaños.
Las otras guerras de nuestros antepasados: la violencia intercomunitaria en la Galicia rural contemporánea
Authors: Cabo Villaverde Miguel , Vázquez Varela José Manuel
Published: December 2015

Se estudia, a través de la documentación, la prensa, las fuentes literarias y la tradición oral, el paso de la violencia ritual intercomunitaria propia del mundo rural de Galicia a las actividades de índole societaria y política a fines del siglo XIX y primer tercio del siglo XX. Juzgadas en el pasado como un signo del carácter incivilizado de la población rural, esta variedad de «violencia horizontal» revela sin embargo una lógica interna relacionada con la defensa de la comunidad aldeana y el ciclo vital de los varones.
La AFL-CIO y el sindicalismo español, 1953-1971
Authors: Rodríguez Jiménez Francisco J.
Published: December 2015

Este artículo pretende examinar la relación de la confederación sindical estadounidense, AFL-CIO, con los sindicatos españoles, tanto el « Vertical » como los antifranquistas. El marco cronológico analizado comprende desde la firma de los pactos militares hispano-estadounidenses de 1953 al verano de 1971. Durante aquel tiempo, la interacción entre los sindicalistas de un lado y otro del Atlántico se vio notablemente influenciada por dos condicionantes: 1) el clima de tensión y alta politización propia de la Guerra Fría, aquel conflicto de ideas en lugar de bombas; 2) el recuerdo traumático de la derrota republicana en la Guerra Civil española. El primero afectó más intensamente las relaciones entre unos sindicatos y otros, ya que duró todo el periodo analizado; el segundo fue mayor al comienzo pero fue diluyéndose progresivamente, más lentamente entre los sindicalistas españoles, que entre sus homólogos estadounidenses o europeos. En cualquier caso, ambos condicionantes generaron una especie de « lentes» a través de las cuales se percibía la realidad. Percepciones, estereotipos, fuerte ideologización que hizo que a veces se distorsionase lo que realmente estaba ocurriendo. El Departamento de Estado y la AFL-CIO compartieron información, a veces objetivos en sus relaciones con los sindicalistas españoles. La documentación manejada no permite, sin embargo, afirmar que la AFL-CIO fuese en todo momento marioneta del Departamento de Estado y la CIA, como han señalado algunos autores. Trataré de explicar los entresijos de tales conexiones, combinando documentos inéditos de archivos estadounidenses con fuentes españolas.
El discurso de la prohibición del guaraní: ¿cien años de continuidad?
Authors: Gandulfo Carolina , Alegre Tamara
Published: December 2015

Este artículo presenta un documento sobre el guaraní publicado en el periódico “El Progreso” en 1906 en Mercedes, Corrientes. Kupalov, seudónimo del autor, critica una publicación firmada por Volapuk en el mismo periódico, en la cual se asocia al guaraní con aspectos desvalorizantes de diferente tipo. El texto presentado está construido con argumentaciones que van dando respuesta crítica a las tesis propuestas por Volapuk. Puntualizamos algunos aspectos mencionados en el documento que caracterizan la situación sociolingüística de la época, y que consideramos similares a los que hemos formulado como rasgos del discurso de la prohibición del guaraní cien años más tarde en la etnografía “Entiendo pero no hablo” (Gandulfo 2007a): por un lado, la asociación del uso del guaraní con aspectos peyorativos hacia el hablante y la consideración de esta lengua como causa de las luchas sociales internas; por otro, el análisis de una situación educativa que muestra el disímil estatus de las lenguas en detrimento del guaraní respecto de las consideradas nacionales.
Research on the Virtualization Technology in Cloud Computing Environment
Authors: Ding Wei Min , Ghansah Benjamin , Wu Yan Yan
Published: December 2015

Virtualization and Cloud computing are two popular research directions in recent times. Today, Virtualization is being used by a growing number of organizations to reduce power consumption, Server Consolidation, Testing and Development, Dynamic Load Balancing and Disaster Recovery, Virtual Desktops and Improved System Reliability and Security. Virtualization also provides high availability for critical applications, and streamlines application deployment and migrations. Through cloud computing, Information Technology resources can be delivered as services over the Internet to the end user. Virtualization is one of such important core technologies of cloud computing. In this paper, we present a detailed review on virtualization. Furthermore, three technologies for x86 CPU virtualization and the architecture of Xen are introduced. Specifically, we propose an architecture of the cloud computing platform based on virtualization. Finally, we discuss the performance evaluation of server virtualization in saving cost, time and energy consumption.
Research on the Risk Factors of Mobile Business: Based on the Sorting Delphi Method
Authors: Chen Fei Ming , Liu Yu Qing
Published: December 2015

With the development and popularization of mobile terminal device, including mobile payment, mobile stock market, mobile banking and mobile office et al., several of mobile business styles are coming to social life. To better response to the constantly changing of mobile business operating environment, it is essential to put forward the system of mobile business risk management and mitigation strategy. This paper uses Delphi method to investigate and obtain the 10 key elements of the mobile business risks. According to the SCP model, the risk factors are divided into three “categories”namely: (1)the macro environment; (2)the industry environment and (3)the enterprise operational level.These three categories can further be subdivided into more specific risks such as: the Macro environmental risks comprising of the economic environment risks, policy environment risks and technology environment and cultural environmental risks; the industry environment risks comprising of industry competition risks, cooperation risks of service providers and cooperation risks of equipment manufacturers; and finally the Enterprise operational risks which include the cost management risks, internal integration risks and customer loss risks. According to the degree of importance, several of risk factors are sorted and the risks coordinate diagram is plotted.
Heat and Mass Transfer in 3D Non-Newtonian Nano and Ferro Fluids over a Bidirectional Stretching Surface
Authors: Raju Chakravarthula S.K. , Sandeep Naramgari
Published: December 2015

An analysis has been carried out for three-dimensional flow of magneto hydrodynamic Sisko ferro and nanofluids over a bidirectional stretching surface in porous medium with non-uniform heat source/sink. The set of nonlinear governing partial differential equations are transformed in to ordinary differential equations by using self-suitable transformations, and solved numerically using Runge-Kutta and Newton’s methods. The acquired results presents the effects of various non-dimensional governing parameters on velocity and temperature profiles. Also, determined and analyzed the friction factor coefficients and local Nusselt number. We have presented dual solutions for Sisko ferro and nanofluid cases. An excellent agreement of the present results has been found with existed literature under some special limited cases. Results depict that the material parameter have tendency to boost the friction factor coefficients along with the heat transfer rate. It is also observed that the heat transfer performance of Sisko nanofluid is high while compared with the heat transfer performance of the Sisko ferro fluid.
Effect of Nonlinear Thermal Radiation on 3D Jeffrey Fluid Flow in the Presence of Homogeneous–Heterogeneous Reactions
Authors: Raju C.S.K. , Sandeep N. , Gnaneswara Reddy M.
Published: December 2015

In this study, we analyzed the effects of nonlinear thermal radiation on three-dimensional flow of Jeffrey fluid past a stretching/shrinking surface in the presence of homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions, non-uniform heat source/sink and suction/injection. The transformed governing equations are solved numerically using Runge-Kutta based shooting technique. We obtained good accuracy of the present results by comparing with the exited literature. The influence of dimensionless parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles along with the friction factors, local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are discussed with the help of graphs and tables. We presented dual solutions for the flow over a stretching and shrinking surfaces and found that dual solutions exist only for certain range of stretching/shrinking parameter. It is also found that the heat and mass transfer rate on the flow over a stretching surface is high while compared with the flow over a shrinking surface.