bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural Unemployment and its Social Consequences: a Sociologist’s View
Authors: Hill Ellen B.
Published: July 2017

Unemployment exists in all three worlds. In the First World capital-intensive industries have replaced labor-intensive activities in order to compete with price structures in the developing countries; in the Second World the problem is less pronounced, but the trend is unavoidable because of the rationalization required to achieve growth in view of the restlessness of consumer-oriented populations; in the Third World unemployment has become the main preoccupation; economic development has dissolved tribal bonds, there is uncontrolled population explosion. It is theorized that societies in which increasing numbers of persons no longer fulfil a function will create drifting, purposeless individuals and thus become politically unstable. The mere redistribution of wealth, just as the latest proposals of work sharing and early retirement, will be insufficient to stem the long-term social problems created by unemployment. Instead, a reconsideration of values must occur so that an acceptable way of life is offered to persons not in the labor market. This can only be achieved by a substitution of professed values. Consequently, a significant change must take place in the educational system as well as in the traditional welfare measures of material support.
Book Review: World Economic Growth
Authors: Macmillen Malcolm J
Published: July 2017

World Economic Growth. Arnold C. Harberger (Ed), Institute for Contemporary Studies, San Francisco, 1984.
Diversification as a Response to Decline in the Mining Industry: Arsenic and South-Western Metal Production 1850–1914
Authors: Burt Roger , Timbrell Martin
Published: July 2017

Joint supply functions are not uncommon but nowhere are they more prevalent than in the mining industry. Assessment of the importance of marketable by-products is made more difficult by the lack of detailed information on costs. This study shows how data on output and prices may be used to provide evidence of the qualitative and quantitative importance of arsenic—the most important by-product of S.W. mines—to the development and performance of the S.W. mining industry. Detailed annual returns on tin and copper mines are used to chart the development of individual mines. The circumstantial evidence for the importance of arsenic is strong but the use of highly disaggregated data reveals that arsenic production was irrelevant to the vast majority of tin and copper producers although for a few it may have aided continuity of production for a very short period. The apparent misconceptions are shown to have arisen from the development of one major arsenic producer. Statistical evidence is produced in the form of estimated supply functions. The functions are well defined and reveal that neither the price of nor production levels of arsenic had any significant impact on tin and copper production—a result in marked contrast to the casual empiricism of industrial historians.
Book Review: Food Additives
Authors: Shapley Wanda
Published: July 2017

Food Additives, Erik Millstone, Penguin Special, ISBN 0-14-052369-3, £2.95.
A Performance Comparison of US MNEs and DMCs
Authors: Qian Gongming
Published: July 2017

This study provides a comparative analysis of the risk-return performance of US MNEs and US DMCs on the basis of both aggregate and segmental samples. It covers the firms from the Fortune listing of the 500 largest US industrial firms using a ten-industry classification. Several accounting and market measures are used as proxy variables for risk and profitability. To analyse the data and test the hypotheses, the paired difference test is employed to find statistically significant differences between them.

If a firm reduces the variability of its profits, then the value of its shares will increase and, as a consequence, the wealth of shareholders will be enhanced. The results show that the MNEs, on the average, have outperformed their domestic counterparts in both profitability and risk. This implies that the capital market should differentiate between its valuation of MNE and DMC shares. Foreign activities by MNEs should therefore provide their shareholders with risk-return opportunities superior to those available to shareholders of DMCs. Investors may be expected to consider MNEs as a superior investment vehicle and reward their foreign operations.
Economics, Hope and Leadership
Authors: Wallis Joe
Published: July 2017

Leadership is an example of a social influence process which has been traditionally ignored by orthodox economists who generally subscribe to the convention that economic analysis should take the preferences of individuals as given and should not analyse how they are formed and transformed. By assuming that leaders influence the hopes and not the preferences of followers a theory of leadership can be developed which draws on the philosophical perspective of some contemporary communitarian writers who have emphasised the role of hope in motivating people to participate in various quests. This theory is translated into a recognizable economic framework by treating hope as a form of human capital so that the influence leaders exercise over followers affects their capacity to produce satisfaction from participating in quests. The relevance of the communitarian-liberal debate over the relationship between the right and the good to the issue of the possibility of moral leadership is then explored.
Arguing Chinese Economic Miracle Claims
Authors: Ritchie John
Published: July 2017

Once the Chinese economy drew little inspiration. For long its true prospects did not greatly excite. Some like Max Weber considered China too backwardly custom-bound instead. Others could scarcely imagine any real economic breakthrough. Subsequent Chinese economic claims hardly dispelled these doubts. But now China stands reinvented all that might finally change. Today’s rising Chinese economic miracle claims surpass them all. Many envisage China being transformed into some global factory-cum-marketplace challenger ahead. Yet for all that certain doubts remain. Accordingly this paper deliberately reconstitutes these claims themselves. In so doing it finds the three particular modal arguments they employ are more than just accessories to rising economic facts. They rather forestructure whatever these facts are taken or supposed to be. Consequently only when such argumentation itself appears better recognised will any true basis for Chinese economic miracle claims finally become clear.
Book Review: Risk vs Risk: Tradeoffs in Protecting Health and the Environment
Authors: Malek Mo
Published: July 2017

John D. Graham and Jonathan Baert Wiener (eds.), Risk vs Risk: Tradeoffs in Protecting Health and the Environment. London: Harvard University Press 1995, 337 pages, £25.50 hardback.
Using Telecommunications for Competitive Advantage—the Approach of the European Multinationals
Authors: Lewin David
Published: July 2017

This paper looks at the business drivers facing European companies and the way these drivers are changing their use of telecommunications. The findings are based on Ovum’s European Telecommunications Users Panel. This consists of over 100 international and multinational companies providing information to Ovum five times a year on their changing use of telecommunications.

The paper looks at trends from the telecommunications manager’s viewpoint. It identifies three main forces which affect him: the business strategies of his organisation which, with improvements in economic climate, are moving from cost cutting to global business expansion. the changing information systems requirements of his organisation, where the demand for high bandwidth data services is growing rapidly the changing patterns of supply of telecommunication services—in terms of products available, price and quality of supply. Here competition is changing the situation rapidly

Overall the paper shows that the role of the telecommunications manager in Europe is changing. Up until now the telecommunications manager has dealt with the operational and technical issues involved in running a private network for his company. Now he is adopting more of a strategic, business oriented role in which he matches business and information system needs to the most effective telecommunications solutions, selected from a range of competing suppliers.
Evolutionary Biology and Evolutionary Economics
Authors: Khalil Elias L.
Published: July 2017

The paper identifies two major conceptual challenges facing evolutionary economics and shows how they parallel similar challenges facing evolutionary and developmental biology. One issue is the differentiation between learning-by-doing, on one hand, and habit formation, on the other. Another issue is the distinction between the cause or origin of evolutionary mutation/innovation, on one side, and the relevant unit which is the subject of evolutionary change, on the other. The failure to identify these two sets of distinction may hinder the articulation of an apropos evolutionary economic theory.
Ignorance and Ideological Hegemony: A Critique of Neoclassical Economics
Authors: Thompson Herb
Published: July 2017

Neoclassical economists increasingly devise compelling, mathematically elegant hypotheses with dubious, to say the least, policy relevance. They are also most reluctant to engage in conversation with alternative paradigmatic schools (eg., feminists, Marxists, Institutionalists or Post-Keynesians). In doing so they have become intellectually incestuous, and unconcerned about being unaware of what they don’t know (defined as ignorance-squared).

Ignorance-squared does not merely imply a lack of knowledge, but also the possibility that it is being produced. It is argued that neoclassical economists, as traditional intellectuals, cultivate the social production of ignorance, and propagate it to their students, in the struggle for ideas. This is done through narrow pedagogy, delineation of research parameters, and by constraining the production and presentation of non-neoclassical knowledge. While a number of reasons exist for the intellectual narrowing of the discipline, one fundamental answer to the query “why is this the case?” may be found in the notion of ideological hegemony.
An Economic View of Corruption
Authors: Senior Ian
Published: July 2017

Corruption is an economic issue that relates to micro transactions and to economies. An economic definition is suggested that separates corruption from crime in general and theft in particular. Different definitions of corruption produce different results and some of these are discussed, particularly that of the World Bank. Corruption is seen as a different way of attempting to gain economic rents. Attitudes towards corruption are found to differ in various countries. Corruption is shown to distort markets because they do not clear on the basis of transparent price signals, and purchasers pay more for goods and services than necessary. Empirical studies show that corrupt economies as a whole also suffer through lower investment and welfare loss. Comparative research has produced a corruption perception index covering 52 countries. Some practical measures to combat corruption are reviewed and it is concluded that cures for corruption, like a virus or cancer, can be found.
Entrepreneurship in a New Phase of Capitalist Development
Authors: Bruin Anne de
Published: July 2017

There is widespread recognition today that entrepreneurial spirit and activity is vital for a market oriented, globally competitive economy. It is also recognised that local communities within countries and regions, can incur high costs of unemployment both as a result of adjustment to, and disconnectedness from, the global economic system. Attention to factors which will assist output growth and employment creation both at national and local community levels therefore becomes of prime importance. This paper explores the role of entrepreneurship in a new era of capitalist development. The need to increase the supply of entrepreneurship at the local community level is stressed. In this connection, a new concept of entrepreneurship, is developed, with an elaboration of “community entrepreneurship”. It is argued that community entrepreneurship which envisages the community supplying initiative and enterprise for the creation, transformation and expansion of employment creating ventures, is a valid answer to both an initial lack of individual entrepreneurial skills and employment opportunities in some labour market disadvantaged communities. Application of this concept is discussed within the New Zealand context.
Book Review: The Construction of Racial Identities in China and Japan
Authors: Wilson Dick
Published: July 2017

The Construction of Racial Identities in China and Japan edited by Frank Dikotter. Hurst, 38 King St., London. £35.
What is a Good?
Authors: Maughan C. William , Townsley Robert J.
Published: July 2017

Definitions of goods and services (goods) in standard economic text-books are criticised. Clearer definitions are made by linking the concept of intrinsic properties of goods to consumer utility theory and to the reality of the market place by using Lancaster’s “characteristics space”, the beliefs and attitudes of economic agents, and the “rights to use” which are the basis of property rights. All classes of goods are defined and a consistent explanation of advertising and branding is offered.
Peacebuilding and Reconstruction After War in Developing Countries
Authors: Harris Geoff
Published: July 2017

Two thirds of the 99 wars which occurred between 1989 and 1996 had ended by the end of 1996, leaving economies, political systems and societies in various states of disarray. This article identifies a number of distinct phases in the recovery process, each with its particular set of tasks. It then focusses on two key recovery issues—its financing and the need for reconciliation. The respective roles of domestic financing, including the peace dividend, and foreign assistance are discussed. Finally, the necessity of each of reconstruction, reconciliation and resolution of the underlying conflict for a lasting peace is emphasised.
Effects of Shock-Containing Whole-Body Vibration on Visual Acuity
Authors: Hartung Emil , Nakamura Hiroyuki
Published: July 2017

Using an experimental-system simulating the actual workplace of earth-moving machines, the effects of vertical (z-axis) whole-body vibration with various amplitudes and numbers of shocks, but a constant frequency-weighted acceleration of 1.25 m/s2 rms, on visual acuity were examined. The visual acuity was estimated on the basis of the number of errors in discriminating the Landolt ring in front of the subjects under the vibration exposure. The magnitude of shocks (peak amplitude of 6–10 m/s2) and the number of shocks per unit time (shock cycle of 10–40 s) were varied, and two kinds of shocks (symmetric and asymmetric) were used. All shock-contained vibrations, including shockless vibrations with the same constant frequency-weighted acceleration, induced adverse effect on the visual acuity as compared with the test performed without vibration. No evident effect of shock below the amplitude of 10 m/s2 on visual acuity was observed as compared with that at shockless vibration. But the symmetric and asymmetric shock-containing vibrations with the shock peak amplitude of 10 m/s2 decreased the visual acuity. Especially, in the case of the vibration with symmetric shock, the instantaneous errors were observed immediately with the exposure of the shock of 10 m/s2. These results demonstrated that shocks with peak amplitudes at or above 10 m/s2 induced deteriorating effects on the visual acuity.
Biblical Reflections for Mission in the New Millennium
Authors: Samuel Vinay
Published: July 2017

We need to renew a Christian social vision for the new millennium. By social vision is meant a view of society in all its dimensions which expresses a view of humanity rooted in an understanding of who human beings are and can become. There are many possible social visions.

There is a weariness with social involvement. Quite a bit of involvement has not produced the expected results. Studies have shown that some of the Latin American church growth is a wish of the pastors rather than a representation of reality.
Religious Experience: Learning and Meaning
Authors: Jarvis Peter
Published: July 2017

Some experiences, especially the ones that generate in the subject a feeling of creature-consciousness can be described as nothing less than awe-inspiring. Otto spoke of such experiences in relation to the notion of the numinous. Experiences have levels. Reaching the level where we are made aware of our true identity as creatures can gainfully inform our choices and learning. We remain however at the point where we can recognise that such experiences themselves point to a logic of meaning. The meanings that we place upon our numinous experiences may be an expression of faith but the gap between meaning, faith and truth remains unbridgeable.
Researching Christian Action
Authors: Adams David , Farr Bernard
Published: July 2017

The traditional approach of the academy to research requires the practitioner to locate their inquiries in an academic discipline, inevitably restricting the study to a limited aspect of the challenges of practice and requiring an objectivity that removes the researcher from the action. This paper describes a fresh response to this question – a Post-graduate Programme in Professional Practice. The programme, offered by the Oxford Centre for Mission Studies, draws on work-based learning and reflective practice and facilitates a process of critical inquiry and transformative action in the scholar-practioner's own context.
Japanese Christianity in the Meiji Era: An Analysis of Ebina Danjo's Perspective on Shintoistic Christianity
Authors: Iwai Shuma
Published: July 2017

This paper examines the perspective of Shintoistic Christianity of Ebina Danjo (1856–1937), a Japanese theologian, during the Meiji period, and how his view influences Japanese churches today. Based on the review of literature, this paper investigates the historical background of Christianity in Japan during that period, followed by key issues of Ebina's thoughts on Christianity with respect to his Bible interpretation, nationalism, and view of the Logos. Through the analysis of his perspective of Shintoistic Christianity, this paper presents some missiological implications.
Apostolic Function and Mission
Authors: Johnson Alan R.
Published: July 2017

This is the address given by Alan R Johnson, an alumnus of OCMS, to inaugurate the J. Philip Hogan Chair of World Mission. The Hogan chair represents a connection between Assemblies of God World Missions and the Assemblies of God Theological Seminary where in a proactive and catalytic fashion the process of engaging with subjects of missiological importance can be undertaken. The author argues that thinking about missions is a communal activity that requires continual reflection.
On Loving with Hope: Eschatology and Social Responsibility
Authors: Volf Miroslav
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this short article is to argue that it is both possible and theologically wise to construct Christian social ethics within the framework of belief in the eschatological continuity between present and future creation. This is a response to Stephen Williams' article, but is also a development of my own line of thought.1

Williams calls into question the general position that a this-wordly eschatology is the best or even an adequate framework for thinking about Christian social responsibility. I will respond in five short steps. First, I will say why one should construct Christian social ethics within an eschatological framework. Second, I will argue in favour of eschatological transformation instead of annihilation of the (non-human) creation. Third, I shall draw some implications for social ethics from the belief in eschatological transformation. Fourth, I will discuss the plausibility of believing in the integration of the results of human work into God's new creation. Finally, I will reflect on the bearing of the fact and form of eschatological transformation on Christian cultural, social and ecological involvement.
In vivo versus in vitro: ‘In the clinic room I can do it but see me in the classroom or playground and I can’t’ - using formal and informal language assessments with speech and language impaired children
Authors: Wittmann Susan
Published: July 2017

Formal, controlled assessment of a child with specific language impairment did not detect the full range and complexity of her impairment compared with informal assessment in a variety of settings. It is the child’s ability to cope in the living environment that really matters and language unit teachers and therapists should collaborate to update the current formal tests to achieve this. Tests, based on principles used in informal assessment, could be devised to identify those elements of an impairment that formal assessment may not detect. The tests should incorporate the national curriculum and should be standardized using mainstream peers.
Wave Coupling in Dynamic Analysis of Space Structures: Part 2—Large Axial Forces
Authors: Rosenhouse G. , Frances R.
Published: July 2017

The first part of the present work dealt with coupling through joints of space structures, for the case of small axial forces. However, for prevalent cases where the axial forces are of the order of Euler's buckling force, with the attendant flexural-longitudinal coupling along the system elements becoming predominant, the theory has to be extended as presented here. The solution process consists of progressive iteration, continued until the coupling of the flexural and longitudinal waves matches the input data of the preceding step.
Minimum Weight Design of Reticular Space Structures: A Computer Aided System
Authors: Tegola Antonio La , Ombres Luciano , Pecora Corrado
Published: July 2017

In this work, by the definition of a computer aided system, we describe an optimisation procedure of reticular space structures based on the search of the minimum volume of the bars.

The design system is based on classical methods of solution of minimum problems, the Feasible Regulation Method and the Optimality Criteria Method, adapted to this problem of defining again the stability and convergence parameters.

The research of the optimal solution is carried out with reference to popular commercial sections (tubes) taking into account dimensional constrains imposed by the industrial production and design codes.

The results of some numerical examples show the versatility and the efficiency of the design system with regard to reticular structures of any shape and dimension.
The Covering Structure of the S. Nicola Stadium of Bari (Italy)
Authors: Prete Giuseppe
Published: July 2017

On the occasion of the “1990 Football World Cup” the new S. Nicola Stadium, one of most significant examples in sports constructions for such event carried out in Italy, was erected in Bari.

The original shape and the spatial static behaviour that characterize this work, emphasize the close connection between Architecture and Engineering required by projects of this kind.

In the paper the main aspects of the design and structural features are briefly described, analysing with careful attention the concept and accomplishment of the covering steel structure.
Manual dexterity and keyboard use in spastic hemiparesis: a comparison between the impaired hand and the ‘good’ hand on a number of performance measures
Authors: Steenbergen Bert , Veringa Arjen , de Haan A B , Hulstijn Wouter
Published: July 2017

Objective: To assess the functional deficits in tapping performance of subjects with spastic hemiparesis.

Design: In a pilot study, typing performance on a computer keyboard was examined on a number of performance measures.

Setting: Department of Research and Development at the Werkenrode Institute.

Subjects: Four subjects (mean age 16.4 years, standard deviation 1.8 years) with cerebral palsy and diagnosed as having spastic hemiparesis.

Interventions: Subjects had to type a sequence of one or more keys as quickly as possible within an 8 second period with the fingers of both hands separately.

Main outcome measures: The average number of good and false responses were calculated. Within the false response category, four, mutually exclusive, types of errors were distinguished; wrong key, repetition, registrations under 75 ms and holding. Speed and regularity of the typing responses were also established.

Results: The ‘good’ hand outperformed the impaired hand on all performance measures except on the amount of repetition errors made. The holding error was only present for the impaired hand, and there was an increase in holding errors from the index to the little finger in this hand. In addition, the impaired hand performed the task with a slower speed and in a more irregular fashion.

Conclusions: The results are discussed with reference to keyboard design. It is concluded that the standard ‘QWERTY’ keyboard hampers typing performance extensively, especially for subjects with left spastic hemiparesis. A learning method is presented in which the role of an external pacer (e.g. metronome) is discussed. This device can initially be used to decrease movement variability and, eventually, for increasing movement speed.
Demonstrating the Relevance of Academic Concepts
Authors: Fox Harold W.
Published: July 2017

Marketing executives, professors, and students clamor to make education more practical. A very simple yet effective approach toward that end is to deduce academic concepts from current events in the pragmatic world of marketing. This approach “legitimatizes” the study of marketing principles for many students and thereby motivates these students to learn. Motivation to learn may be heightened if the lecture is pleasant instead of pompous. The intended (and often realized) change of behavior includes observation, search, and creation of ways to relate marketing practices to marketing principles.
The Use of Student Letters of Praise and Complaint as an Introduction to Marketing Activity
Authors: Pearson Michael M. , Hoskins William R. , Gazda Gregory M.
Published: July 2017

Over a three-year period all beginning marketing students at Bowling Green State University were introduced to marketing with an assignment requiring each to write a letter, of either praise or complaint, to a business firm about its product or service. An analysis was made of the 940 student responses to a series of questionnaries and rating forms administered before, during, and after the assignment. This article discusses whether the assignment was viewed as worthwhile from a student's point of view, and whether the students experienced an attitude change toward the firm, product, or service in completing this letter writing experience.
Retailer Responsibility to Ghetto Markets: an Experiential Case
Authors: Rosenberg Larry J.
Published: July 2017

Given the many social responsibility issues impinging on large retailers today, few decisions are as perplexing as the supermarket chain exploring ghetto locations. The controversy simmers over the inner-city's inefficient grocery retailing, the poor paying more, and the scarcity of chain supermarkets. To enable students to problem solve this management dilemma, this article presents an experiential case, “the ghetto supermarket”–an actual case history consisting of role-playing and discussion phases.
A Conceptual Framework for Analyzing Marketing Strategy Cases
Authors: Ward John L. , Stasch Stanley F.
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this paper is to report on the development of a conceptual framework which can be helpful to students when analyzing a marketing strategy case. The conceptual framework was developed in order to help students (1) know what information to dig out of a case; (2) identify key issues and assumptions; (3) apply learning from case to case; and (4) build theories of why certain strategies work in certain situations. The framework was empirically tested on twenty cases from twelve industries to determine how well it captured the key elements needed for the analysis of a case. The results indicated that both teachers and students will find the conceptual framework to be a very useful tool for, gaining a better understanding of marketing strategy situations and for analyzing alternative marketing strategies.
Experimental Distemper in the Gnotobiotic Dog
Authors: Gibson John P. , Griesemer Richard A. , Koestner Adalbert
Published: July 2017

Distemper was produced experimentally in 12 gnotobiotic dogs with the Snyder Hill and Lederle strains of virus. Eight gnotobiotic dogs served as uninoculated controls. In the absence of other microorganisms, the only signs of disease were mild transient fever and leukopenia. The only macroscopic lesion was severe atrophy of the thymus. Microscopically all the lymphoid tissues underwent lymphoid depletion and reticular cell hyperplasia. Lesions appeared in the brain eight days after inoculation. The virus caused direct neuronal degeneration in the frontal cortex, only minimal lesions in the vicinity of the fourth ventricle and no demyelination. Infrequent inclusion bodies were found in neurons and in the reticular cells of the lymphoid tissues. No lesions were found in the lungs, stomach, urinary bladder, or skin.
Bilateral Renal Hypoplasia of the Pig
Authors: Cordes D. O. , Dodd D. C.
Published: July 2017

Bilateral renal hypoplasia of the pig is described and is compared with a previous description. The defect was observed in 19 piglets out of a total of 73 born in eight litters, sired by one Large White boar. Twelve affected piglets died at or soon after birth and 7 died between the ages of 11 and 69 days. Inheritance by a simple autosomal recessive factor is suggested by the evidence.

Grossly the condition was characterized by varying degrees of hypoplasia and persistence of foetal lobulation. Microscopically, the dominant feature was the poor development of the collecting tubule system. It is concluded that the basic defect is a failure of development of mesonephric mesenchyme.
Canine Mastocytoma
Authors: Hottendorf G. H. , Nielsen S. W. , Kenyon A. J.
Published: July 2017

Utilizing a modified capillary tube technique, analysis revealed a significantly higher mean blood coagulation time in a group of 14 dogs with mastocytoma when compared to the mean coagulation time of 70 non-mastocytoma dogs. In dogs with mastocytoma, approximately one third had intermediate size tumors and a prolonged mean coagulation time and two thirds had a mean coagulation time that did not differ significantly from the mean of the non-mastocytoma dogs. Evidence for heparin release and possible heparin inactivating mechanisms is reviewed.
Die Follikel des Nebennierenmarks der Wiederkäuer
Authors: Smollich A.
Published: July 2017

Follicular formations, with a structural resemblance to thyroid follicles, and glandular duct-like medullary formations are found relatively often in the adrenal medulla of various ruminants. They occur in the peripheral medullary zone and consequently are comprised of a similar type of cell (A-cells according to Klein and Kracht). Illustrations are given of adrenal follicles in the ox, giraffe, and various deer.

The appearance of the follicles coincides in part with pronounced morphokinesia in the entire medullary area, resulting on the one hand in extreme nuclear swelling with increase in volume of the nucleoli, and on the other hand, a sometimes extensive degeneration of the medullary epithelium. The follicular epithelium often shows phenomena of active secretion in the form of vacuoles and production of homogeneous ball-like formations measuring 1–10.5μ. In addition desquamation of the medullary cells and their disintegration can be observed in the follicular lumen. These appearances suggest that the formation of follicles may be considered a morphological manifestation of an acute or extreme functional stress of the adrenal medulla.
Electron Microscopic Observations of the Hepatocytes of Sheep in Lantana Poisoning
Authors: Seawright A. A.
Published: July 2017

A study was made of the fine structure of the hepatocytes of 5 sheep affected with mild to severe lantana poisoning of from 1 to 7 days duration. For comparative purposes, observations were also made of the livers of both well fed and starved normal sheep and a CCl4 poisoned sheep 24 hours after dosing. The earliest and most consistent alteration of the fine structure of the hepatocytes in lantana poisoning was a characteristic separation of the interface plasma membranes with extensive formation of microvilli without significant cytoplasmic changes. This lesion is thought to be characteristic of this type of liver injury. In more severely affected livers, bile canalicular changes were accompanied by marked nuclear and cytoplasmic changes in many hepatocytes. These latter changes however, were considered to be mainly secondary and associated with the retention and regurgitation of bile.
The Histopathology of Hereditary Congenital Deafness in White Mink
Authors: Saunders L. Z.
Published: July 2017

A histologic study of white mink which showed clinical signs of congenital deafness revealed lesions in the cochlea. These were: bilateral degeneration of the organ of Corti and of the tectorial membrane, and alteration and collapse of Reissner's membrane with obliteration of the cochlear duct. Similar lesions have been reported in congenitally deaf dogs, cats, mice and guinea pigs. The condition is inherited along with the white coat color in the Hedlund strain of mink.
Luftsackmilben (Cytodites nudus) als Ursache einer granulomatösen Pneumonie beim Huhn
Authors: Lindt S. , Kutzer E.
Published: July 2017

The air sac mite Cytodites nudus while harmless when present in small numbers can evoke pathologic changes if infestation is heavy. The authors describe the granulomatous pneumonia which results when the mites invade the lungs and show that the parasite alone, without accompanying predisposing factors may be responsible for fatal disease in poultry.
Experimental Allergic Neuritis in the Chicken
Authors: Petek M. , Quaglio G. L.
Published: July 2017

Experimental allergic neuritis was reproduced in chickens, by inoculation of chicken and guinea pig nerves in complete Freund's adjuvant. Paralysis was observed in a percentage of inoculated birds.

Histopathologically this experimental autoimmune disease was characterized by severe demyelination of peripheral nerves in all experimental animals. In addition, oedema and/or lymphoid infiltration occurred in some of the animals.

The similarity of experimental allergic neuritis to the inflammatory lesions of Marek's disease is stressed and the possible role of autoimmune processes in the pathogenesis of Marek's disease is discussed.
Some Diseases of the Hippopotamus in Uganda
Authors: Cowan Dan el F. , Thurlbeck William M. , Laws R. M.
Published: July 2017

Sixty wild hippopotami killed at random on Lake Edward, Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda were autopsied. Schistosomal hepatitis and its complications, biliary coccidiosis, and fascioliasis were the most significant findings. These diseases may be of ecologic importance. A case of congenital bronchiectasis and one of bilateral pheochromocytoma were found. A tumor-like mass, possibly of viral origin, was found in a thyroid. Arteriosclerosis, a mild disease in hippopotami, with fibromuscular medial plaques, progresses throughout life. It produces no significant morbidity. Endocarditis, particularly in the right chambers, occurs frequently, apparently caused by schistosomiasis. Similarities to endemic endomyocardial fibrosis of man, particularly geographic distribution, site of lesion, and, to a lesser extent, structure of lesion, are discussed.
Benign Mesenchymoma of the Heart in the Guinea Pig
Authors: McConnell Robert F. , Ediger Raymond D.
Published: July 2017

Thirty-six hundred ninety-eight guinea pigs of the Dunkin-Hartley strain from the breeding colony at Fort Detrick were necropsied. Four females had mesenchymomas of the heart. The tumors were similar histologically and were composed of multiple benign mesenchymal tissues which were amalgamated into a single mass. One tumor was composed of fibrous, angiomatous, adipose, cartilagenous, osscous, hematopoietic, myxomatous, and possibly smooth muscle tissues. Smooth muscle and myxomatous tissues were not found in the other tumors. All were benign and probably originated from the primitive mesenchyme of the heart.
Spontaneous Bluetongue in Texas White-Tailed Deer
Authors: Stair E. L. , Robinson R. M. , Jones L. P.
Published: July 2017

The clinical, gross, and microscopic findings of an outbreak of bluetongue (BT) in a herd of captive white-tailed deer are described. Serologic diagnosis of BT was accomplished by fluorescent antibody (FA) reaction in tissues from affected deer. The basic lesion was considered on the basis of histopathologic and FA findings to be a vasculitis. A possible relationship of BTV of deer and sheep to epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer is discussed.
The Dependence of Shear Coupling Deformation on Impregnation Condition of Glass Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composites
Authors: Shonaike Gabriel O. , Matsuo T.
Published: July 2017

The effect of impregnation conditions on shear coupling deformation of continuous glass fiber reinforced polyurethane elastomer composites was studied. The pre-mix fiber/matrix was compression molded at 200 and 220°C. The impregnation time was varied between 5 and 20 minutes. Tensile test was carried out and elastic constants such as EL, ET, E45 and GLT were determined. The micrographs of cross section revealed that impregnation of matrix resin into the reinforcement was complete before 20 minutes for the 220°C sample while impregnation was incomplete in a sample fabricated at 2000C. The reasonable agreement between the theoretical and experimental values of GLT = ET/4 in 220°C was attributed to the complete impregnation. The results also showed that the bias angle in which the shear deformation vanishes depends on impregnation conditions.
Transverse Load Effects on Repaired Composites
Authors: Dykstra D. R. , Ligon J. B. , Miskioglu I.
Published: July 2017

The application of concentrated, transverse, pull-out loads to thermoset polymer composite panels was investigated. The issues studied were the deformation characteristics of virgin panels which were taken to failure under transverse loading and then repaired. Both experimental and numerical (finite element) studies were carried out. Good agreement was achieved between numerical and experimental results.
Political and Occupational Barriers to the Implementation of Affirmative Action: Administrative, Executive, and Legislative Attitudes toward Representative Bureaucracy
Authors: Daley Dennis
Published: July 2017

This article reports the results of a five-state survey of administrators, executives, and legislators from Florida, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, and Wisconsin. The survey was conducted in 1979 regarding attitudes toward representative bureaucracy/affirmative action and policies in support of improved conditions for ethnic minorities and women.

Government elites are divided in their views of representative bureaucracy with more registering disapproval than approval; however, this “opposition” is not supported by demands that less effort be expended on such efforts. Political and occupational characteristics (ideology, party, state, age, seniority, and education) show slight effect. Some evidence exists supporting a self-interest thesis among administrators and a general politicization of the topic.
Cohort Replacement and the Downward Trend in Newspaper Readership
Authors: Peiser Wolfram
Published: July 2017

The results of this study show that cohort replacement (increasing numbers of younger people who read less frequently versus decreasing numbers of older people who read more frequently) has contributed substantially to the decline in newspaper readership in both Germany and the United States. The implication is that this process will bring about further declines in the future.
How Readers' Respond to Digital News Stories in Layers and Links
Authors: Vargo Karen , Schierhorn Carl , Wearden Stanley T. , Schierhorn Ann B. , Endres Fred F. , Tabar Pamela S.
Published: July 2017

This experiment found that summaries and links to sidebars in electronic media can be too long as well as too short.
Use of Anonymous Sources Declines in U.S. Newspapers
Authors: Martin-Kratzer Renee , Thorson Esther
Published: July 2017

Recent media scandals have renewed the debate about the use of anonymous sources. This content analysis shows a decline in the number of anonymous sources in 2004 compared with 2003.
Effects of Sources in Coverage of Same-Sex Marriage
Authors: Gibson Rhonda , Hester Joe Bob
Published: July 2017

This study tested whether perceived prestige of sources about a controversial issue could influence reader opinion. Reader opinions of same-sex marriage did not differ across three conditions.
Most Rely on Newspapers for Local Business News
Authors: Riffe Daniel , Reader Bill
Published: July 2017

Television is preferred for international and national news while newspapers are preferred for state and local news. Other news media, including the Internet, remain bit players.
Attitudes Differ for Online Reporting versus Editorials
Authors: Siff Stephen , Hrach Thomas J. , Alost Stan
Published: July 2017

In the comparison of user and professionally developed online content, readers did not consider the source as significant when they assessed the fairness, believability or quality of an opinion piece.
Newspaper Managers Report Positive Attitudes about Blogs
Authors: Schultz Brad , Sheffer Mary Lou
Published: July 2017

A survey showed that managers were positive about the role and value of Hogging. More than 61 percent of the managers stated that their blog site contained advertising, yet only 39 percent reported profits.
How to Report Quantitative Information in News Stories
Authors: Callison Coy , Gibson Rhonda , Zillmann Dolf
Published: July 2017

Researchers tested various ways of presenting numerical information in news stories and how math aptitude affects recall, if at all. The study suggests that both the audience and journalists need to be better prepared to deal with numbers.
Users Support Online Anonymity despite Increasing Negativity
Authors: Rosenberry Jack
Published: July 2017

Participants in online comment forums belonging to newspapers blame anonymity for the increasingly negative and rude comments, yet most support keeping these forums anonymous.
Carrier Turnover Correlates
Authors: Gamst Glenn
Published: July 2017

A survey of the San Jose Mercury News' current and former carriers, their parents and district managers, provides extensive information about why youth carriers leave their jobs. Some unexpected findings emerge about route obligations, new subscriber verification, collections, and the possibility carriers who quit will return to work. The author makes suggestions for reducing carrier turnover.
Two Editorial Pages after Tornillo
Authors: Logan Robert A.
Published: July 2017

The study examines how two Florida newspapers' editorial pages treated state senate and mayoral races before and after Florida's right of access/reply state statute was found unconstitutional in the Tornillo decision. Assessed were how editorials, opinion editorials and letters to the editor changed in the St. Petersburg Times and the Sarasota Herald-Tribune after the 1974 decision. Arguments that Florida newspapers might provide less access and discussion for unendorsed candidates were not substantiated.
Commentary: A First Amendment Perspective on Antitrust Law and Newspaper Chain Ownership, Monopoly
Authors: Coulson David C.
Published: July 2017

The economics of the newspaper industry has concentrated in the hands of a few monopolists and chain owners the power to inform and to influence public opinion. The threat to freedom of expression posed by newspaper chain ownership and monopoly is examined with the possible application of antitrust law to foster open and competitive newspaper markets. Recognizing newspaper concentration more adversely affects ideas than the economic marketplace, weight is given to social and political factors in determining anticompetitive market constraints. Extensive newspaper consolidation, it is argued, inhibits new entry and decreases editorial independence and diversity.
Measuring Adult Readership Potential of the Newspaper in Education Program
Authors: Stone Gerald
Published: July 2017

Evidence about NIE's success in instilling an adult newspaper reading habit is reviewed and assessed. Analysis of the projects indicates the research to date has been limited by the complexity of tracing longitudinal effects and by methodological difficulties in the past research designs. This review suggests afield test of NIE's ability to cultivate future newspaper readers.
Fairness and Balance in Election Reporting: The 1994 Governor's Race in Michigan
Authors: Fico Frederick , Cote William
Published: July 2017

This study finds that one candidate dominated news coverage. Reporters believe that information gathering procedures are the reason.
Online Services, Internet in 1995 Newsrooms
Authors: Garrison Bruce
Published: July 2017

Survey finds new focus on Internet and more newspapers willing to spend more money for online services.
Complications in Chemical Peeling of the Dark-Skinned Patient
Authors: Dunwell Patricia Ann
Published: July 2017

Introduction:

There are fundamental histologic and physiologic differences in the dark-skinned patient compared to the fair-skinned patient. These differences largely determine the variation in response to and the indications for chemical peeling. This study was designed to assess the incidence of complications after superficial and medium-depth peeling in dark-skinned patients.

Materials and Methods:

All patients treated for postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, acne vulgaris, scarring, and melasma were pretreated nightly with tretinoin 0.05% and hydroquinone 2% to the affected areas. Ten percent glycolic acid and SPF 17 sunblocking lotion was applied daily in all cases and to all anatomic units to be treated. The peel solutions used were 70% glycolic acid for a superficial peel and 70% glycolic acid with 35% trichloroacetic acid for a medium-depth peel. Four hundred patients were evaluated by 2 independent examiners for possible complications.

Results:

Clinically the combination of glycolic acid and trichloroacetic acid was safe and effective in peeling the dark-skinned patient. In this series of patients, 62% had a very satisfactory response; 25%, satisfactory; and 10%, unsatisfactory. A total of 3% were not reviewed. Complications included patchy hyperpigmentation (21%), prolonged erythema (2%), scarring (0.8%), milia (0.4%), and poor physician/patient rapport (0.4%).

Conclusions:

If melanocytic activity is modulated before and after peeling, the risk of complications in peeling the dark-skinned patient can be reduced. The risk of complications can also be reduced if the superficial peel is applied to the entire anatomic unit and followed by the medium-depth application in spots and patches only to the areas of severe pathology. The destroyed stratum corneum immediately following peeling allows deeper penetration of hydroquinone with better resolution of hyperpigmentation.