bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preventing Overrides of Severe Drug Allergy Alerts Initiative: an Implemented System Upgrade
Authors: Abu Esba Laila Carolina , Al Moaiseib Samar , BinSabbar Norah Saud , Al Mardawi Ghada Hussain Salamah , Alkatheri Mufareh , Al Dekhail Saleh
Published: October 2024

Administering medications to patients with documented drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHR) poses a significant risk for adverse events, ranging from mild reactions to life-threatening incidents. Electronic healthcare systems have revolutionized the modern clinical decision-making process, with built in warnings. However, as these alerts become a routine part of healthcare provider’s workflow, alert fatigue becomes a challenge. This study was conducted within the Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), a government healthcare system in Saudi Arabia. A taskforce of experts was formed to develop an electronic path that would prevent unintentional overrides of severe drug allergy alerts. The system underwent rigorous testing, and monitoring parameters were established. We outline the implementation of a system upgrade designed to trigger an alternative interruption in the computerized physician order entry (CPOE) process, distinct from the regular allergy pop-up alerts. The alternate path is activated upon a CPOE with a drug-to-drug match and a documented severe drug allergy symptom, necessitating co-signature form another prescriber before proceeding. The adopted upgrade is a proactive approach to enhance medication safety in electronic healthcare systems, ensuring that serious allergy-related warnings are not overridden, ultimately enhancing patient safety. Further monitoring will confirm the safety and effectiveness of this measure. This study provides a model for institutions seeking to prevent allergy-related harm within their patient population.
More digitalization does not always imply more technology transfer: an analysis within the horizon Europe strategy
Authors: Ferrer-Serrano Marta , Fuentelsaz Lucio , Gil-Lamata Mercedes
Published: October 2024

Digitalization plays a pivotal role in today’s economies, facilitating global collaboration by overcoming geographical barriers and enabling technology exchange. Conventional wisdom holds that digitalization directly impacts technology transfer (TT). However, this relationship is not always straightforward. This research challenges this assumption by arguing that countries with higher levels of digitalization may be less effective in TT activities than countries with intermediate digital performance. Drawing on data from Horizon Europe and the Digital Economy and Society Index, the study conducts a two-stage analysis (first a network analysis, followed by a clustering and ANOVA) covering 411 collaborative projects in 31 countries, involving 2,890 participating organizations. Our findings confirm that countries with intermediate levels of digitalization emerge as leaders within the TT network. Furthermore, the study sheds light on specific digitalization indicators (connectivity, human capital, and the integration of digital technology) that can improve the position of European countries within the network.
Anomalous release of indoles from amorphous solid dispersion formed with a polymeric network
Authors: Bulátkó Anna , Domján Attila , Balterer Bence , Madarász János , László Krisztina
Published: October 2024

Amorphous solid dispersion (ASDs) is a technique used in the pharmaceutical industry to enhance the solubility, dissolution rate, and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Polymeric materials, and recently polymer gels form and stabilize the amorphous structure by inhibiting the aggregation/precipitation of such drugs. In this work indole, 5-aminoindole and 5-hydroxyindole loaded poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) hydrogels were studied. Swelling and uptake measurements, X-ray diffraction (XRD), liquid and solid phase nuclear magnetic spectroscopy (NMR) and high sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were applied to understand the drug – matrix interactions affecting the release. We confirmed that the hydrogel fostered the fine uniform distribution of the hydrophobic probe molecules and successfully prevented any crystalline or amorphous phase formation during water removal, leading to a glassy solution, a special form of ASD. Despite the limited difference between their chemical composition the probe molecules showed dissimilar drug release behavior from dried loaded gel disks. While Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement Spectroscopy (NOESY) measurements revealed a “bidental” interaction between 5-hydroxiindole and the polymer, no localized interactions were found for indole. The release of the bidentally linked derivatives is rapid and complete: they act as molecular spacers, promoting the rehydration of the chains. In contrast, part of the indole remains irreversibly trapped being confined between the chains without any orientation, shedding light on the role of the steric consequences of the interaction. Our findings also indicate that such drug delivery compositions should be treated as ternary systems (carrier + drug + liquid) already in the design stages of drug release systems.
Thermodynamic–kinetic calculations and dilatometric verification of the martensitic and bainitic transformations in 4% medium-Mn steel
Authors: Skowronek Adam , Kozłowska Aleksandra
Published: October 2024

The present study investigated the theoretical and experimental phase transitions phenomena during continuous cooling and isothermal holding above and below Ms temperature in 4 mass. % Mn medium-Mn steel. The thermodynamic–kinetic calculations were performed using JMatPro software, and phase transformations were recorded using a BÄHR high-resolution DIL805A/D dilatometer. The research covered continuous cooling rates from 60 to 0.05 °C s–1 and isothermal holding temperatures in a range between 420 °C and 230 °C. The issues related to both modelling and dilatometric methodology were discussed. The CCT and TTT diagrams were prepared on the basis of dilatometry and compared with the results of light microscopy and hardness tests. The alloy containing about 4 mass.% Mn and 0.22% Mo exhibited very high hardenability as only continuous cooling with rates lower than 1 °C s–1 allowed the bainitic transformation to be initiated. The bainitic transformation is accelerated after passing the Ms temperature. Both the incubation time and the time needed to complete the transformation were significantly reduced (the incubation time from 100 s to below 1 s and the completion time from over 4000 s to below 1000 s). The obtained microstructures were homogeneous and refined.
Socio-demographic disparities in the familiarity with coastal climate adaptation strategies: implications for coastal management and climate justice
Authors: Wang Haoluan
Published: October 2024

Public preferences for coastal climate adaptation strategies have been increasingly documented in the face of climate change and sea-level rise in coastal regions worldwide. However, empirical evidence of whether the public is familiar with these strategies remains unclear. In this study, we conducted an online survey among residents in three coastal counties in Southeast Florida, the United States to elicit households’ familiarity with different coastal climate adaptation strategies and examine the socio-demographic disparities. Using a multinomial logit model, we find that although most respondents are familiar with coastal climate adaptation strategies, socio-demographic disparities in the level of familiarity are evident. Specifically, Black respondents are significantly less likely to be familiar with coastal climate adaptation strategies when compared to their White counterparts. Moreover, having college degrees or more advanced degrees significantly increases the respondents’ probability of being very familiar with these strategies. Respondents’ risk perception and their awareness of current flood risk also significantly influence their familiarity with coastal climate adaptation strategies. Since adaptive planning often overlooks equitable access, and local support is essential for implementing climate adaptation strategies, our results can provide insightful policy implications for coastal management. A lack of familiarity with coastal climate adaptation strategies among marginalized and vulnerable populations can lead to insufficient support for these strategies aimed at mitigating climate risks, exacerbating the issue of climate justice.
Explaining Protest Participation in Semi-authoritarian Regimes: The Power of Social Networks
Authors: Kopacheva Elizaveta
Published: October 2024

This study uses the case of ecological protests in the Russian Federation and the social network of 903 263 VKontakte users to investigate the unique characteristics of protesters’ social networks and assess the effects of network topology on the likelihood of participation. By applying Bayesian structural equation modeling to the data, the study finds that social network topology plays a more nuanced and complex role in predicting protest participation beyond simple exposure to information. Notably, individuals situated as brokers in lower-density and higher-closure networks exhibit a higher likelihood of participation, while central nodes participate less. The results highlight the importance of strategic positioning as brokers for increasing the likelihood of participation. The paper discusses these and other findings, contributing to a deeper understanding of the interplay between social network structures and protest participation.
Heuristic assumptions
Authors: Fischhoff Baruch
Published: October 2024

Interpreting any decision requires making auxiliary assumptions regarding how the decision makers viewed their options and related them to their lives. Theories constrain those assumptions. The more general the theory, the fewer constraints it imposes and the more assumptions must be made in any application. Like the rational actor models that they challenged, Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky’s heuristics-and-biases and prospect theory research programs were general theories, with broad application. One of the many marvels of their landmark studies is that they rarely test their auxiliary assumptions. Rather, readers were trusted to agree about how people interpret the tasks (e.g., select anchors in studies of that heuristic). Subsequent studies have often accepted those interpretations in order to examine boundary conditions (e.g., extreme anchors). Applying the theories to naturally occurring tasks requires making additional auxiliary assumptions. This article illustrates three ways to evaluate those assumptions: direct assessment, systematic manipulation, and archival analysis. It concludes with proposals for loosely coordinated evaluation of shared and contested assumptions.
Electrochemical, surface, and theoretical investigations of palm kernel shell extract as an effective inhibitor for carbon-steel corrosion in 1 M HCl solution
Authors: Sanni Omotayo , Ren Jianwei , Jen Tien-Chien
Published: October 2024

Herein, we employed palm kernel shell extract (PKSE) as an eco-friendly inhibitor for carbon steel in acidic-induced corrosion. The corrosion inhibition of PKSE on carbon steel in 1 M HCI solution was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, weight loss, and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. The surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Moreover, the elastic modulus and hardness tests were conducted. Weight loss measurements revealed that the optimum concentration of inhibitors is 500 ppm with 95.3% inhibition efficiency in 1 M HCl solution. Electrochemical results showed that the inhibitor could exhibit excellent corrosion inhibition performance and displayed mixed-type inhibition. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis shows that the inhibition performance increases by increasing the concentration of PKSE. The surface studies ensure the PKSE effectiveness in carbon steel surface damage reduction. Also, the adsorption of PKSE molecules on the carbon steel surface occurs according to the Langmuir isotherm model. The primary goal of this investigation was the utilization of palm kernel shell extract as corrosion inhibitor for 1018 low carbon steel in 1 M HCl solution, which highlights its novelty. The present results will be helpful to uncover the versatile importance of palm kernel shell compounds in the corrosion inhibition process.
Towards multimodal visualization of esophageal motility: fusion of manometry, impedance, and videofluoroscopic image sequences
Authors: Geiger Alexander , Bernhard Lukas , Gassert Florian , Feußner Hubertus , Wilhelm Dirk , Friess Helmut , Jell Alissa
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Dysphagia is the inability or difficulty to swallow normally. Standard procedures for diagnosing the exact disease are, among others, X-ray videofluoroscopy, manometry and impedance examinations, usually performed consecutively. In order to gain more insights, ongoing research is aiming to collect these different modalities at the same time, with the goal to present them in a joint visualization. One idea to create a combined view is the projection of the manometry and impedance values onto the right location in the X-ray images. This requires to identify the exact sensor locations in the images.

Methods

This work gives an overview of the challenges associated with the sensor detection task and proposes a robust approach to detect the sensors in X-ray image sequences, ultimately allowing to project the manometry and impedance values onto the right location in the images.

Results

The developed sensor detection approach is evaluated on a total of 14 sequences from different patients, achieving a F1-score of 86.36%. To demonstrate the robustness of the approach, another study is performed by adding different levels of noise to the images, with the performance of our sensor detection method only slightly decreasing in these scenarios. This robust sensor detection provides the basis to accurately project manometry and impedance values onto the images, allowing to create a multimodal visualization of the swallow process. The resulting visualizations are evaluated qualitatively by domain experts, indicating a great benefit of this proposed fused visualization approach.

Conclusion

Using our preprocessing and sensor detection method, we show that the sensor detection task can be successfully approached with high accuracy. This allows to create a novel, multimodal visualization of esophageal motility, helping to provide more insights into swallow disorders of patients.
Development and Comparison of Model-Based and Data-Driven Approaches for the Prediction of the Mechanical Properties of Lattice Structures
Authors: Pasini Chiara , Ramponi Oscar , Pandini Stefano , Sartore Luciana , Scalet Giulia
Published: October 2024

Lattice structures have great potential for several application fields ranging from medical and tissue engineering to aeronautical one. Their development is further speeded up by the continuing advances in additive manufacturing technologies that allow to overcome issues typical of standard processes and to propose tailored designs. However, the design of lattice structures is still challenging since their properties are considerably affected by numerous factors. The present paper aims to propose, discuss, and compare various modeling approaches to describe, understand, and predict the correlations between the mechanical properties and the void volume fraction of different types of lattice structures fabricated by fused deposition modeling 3D printing. Particularly, four approaches are proposed: (i) a simplified analytical model; (ii) a semi-empirical model combining analytical equations with experimental correction factors; (iii) an artificial neural network trained on experimental data; (iv) numerical simulations by finite element analyses. The comparison among the various approaches, and with experimental data, allows to identify the performances, advantages, and disadvantages of each approach, thus giving important guidelines for choosing the right design methodology based on the needs and available data.
Diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to a case of pregnancy complicated by bilateral adrenocortical adenomas with primary aldosteronism and Cushing’s syndrome
Authors: Chen Yanxi , Tan Lu , Chen Tao , Tian Haoming , Li Li , Ren Yan
Published: October 2024

Aldosterone/cortisol co-secreting adenomas (A/CPA) are a rare type of primary aldosteronism(PA), and cases of aldosterone/cortisol co-secreting adenomas during pregnancy are extremely rare, with no reported cases to date. The unique physiological state of pregnancy increases cortisol secretion through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and leads to elevated levels of all components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). This can cause overlapping symptoms with abnormal cortisol and aldosterone secretion, making diagnosis very challenging. This case involves a 29-year-old woman who developed hypercortisolism at 33 weeks of pregnancy. Despite receiving treatment for her symptoms and having a successful delivery, she continued to experience hypertension and hypokalaemia after giving birth. Eventually, she was diagnosed with ACTH-independent Cushing’s syndrome and primary aldosteronism due to independent cortisol and aldosterone secretion from bilateral adrenal adenomas. Following a thorough diagnosis, classification, treatment, and follow-up, the patient achieved a clinical cure while preserving normal adrenal function. Further investigation revealed that both diseases were caused by KCNJ5 and PRKACA mutations found in the bilateral adrenal adenomas.
The relationships between discrimination and academic help-seeking: the indirect effects of the impostor phenomenon among undergraduates students
Authors: Osborn Preston R. , Lopez Rachel , Stone-Sabali Steven
Published: October 2024

Academic help-seeking behaviors, such as asking peers or instructors to clarify academic topics, are important behaviors contributing to the academic success of college students. However, environmental factors such as experiences of discrimination (e.g., exclusion, being subjected to negative stereotypes) and individual psychological factors, such as the impostor phenomenon or feelings of intellectual incompetence, may dissuade students from seeking academic help. The current study utilized social cognitive theory as a guide to investigate the relationship between perceived discrimination and academic help-seeking attitudes, as well as the indirect role of the impostor phenomenon. Survey responses from 460 racially diverse undergraduates were analyzed using confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation modeling. Results indicated that perceptions of discrimination directly and indirectly – via the impostor phenomenon – influenced academic help-seeking. Specifically, greater experiences of discrimination contributed to higher levels of the impostor phenomenon, which predicted more positive attitudes toward academic help-seeking. These findings demonstrate the influence of discrimination on academic help-seeking among a diverse sample of learners. Particularly, increased academic help-seeking may serve as a compensatory reaction to experiencing discrimination in an educational context. Implications for how institutions can better promote more equitable learning environments and theory-based interpretations of findings are discussed.
Think Big(ger)! Warum feministische Außenpolitik ein radikales Umdenken erfordert
Authors: Stengel Frank A. , Wibben Annick T. R.
Published: October 2024

Nach der Veröffentlichung der Leitlinien des Auswärtigen Amts 2023 ist die Debatte über feministische Außenpolitik schnell wieder ins Stocken geraten. Ein Grund dafür ist fortbestehende Unklarheit über die Kernelemente feministischer Politik. Dieser Beitrag ergänzt die in der Debatte vorherrschende liberale Perspektive durch eine poststrukturalistische. Dabei zeigt sich, dass eine konsequente feministische Außenpolitik ein deutlich radikaleres Umdenken erfordert als bisweilen angenommen.
Colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis after liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis: a systematic review and pooled analysis of oncological outcomes
Authors: Angelico Roberta , Siragusa Leandro , Blasi Francesca , Bellato Vittoria , Mineccia Michela , Lolli Elisabetta , Monteleone Giovanni , Sica Giuseppe S.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) receiving liver transplantation (LT) due to primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) have higher risk of developing colorectal cancers (CRC). Aim of this systematic review was to define the patients’ features, immunosuppressive management, and oncological outcomes of LT recipients with UC-PSC developing CRC.

Methods

Searches were conducted in PubMed (MEDLINE), Cochrane Library, Web of Science for all English articles published until September 2023. Inclusion criteria were original articles including patients specifying outcomes of interest. Primary endpoints comprised incidence of CRC, disease free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS) and cancer recurrence. Secondary endpoints were patient’s and tumor characteristics, graft function, immunosuppressive management and PSC recurrence. PROSPERO CRD42022369190.

Results

Fifteen studies included, 88 patients were identified. Patients (mean age: 50 years) had a long history of UC (20 years), mainly with active colitis (79%), and developed tumor within the first 3 years from LT, while receiving a double or triple immunosuppressive therapy. Cumulative incidence of tumor was 5.5%. At one, two and three years, DFS was 92%, 82% and 75%, while OS was 87%, 81% and 79% respectively. Disease progression rate was 15%. After CRC surgery, 94% of patients maintained a good graft functionality, with no reported cases of PSC recurrence.

Conclusions

After LT, patients with PSC and UC have an increased risk of CRC, especially in presence of long history of UC and active colitis. Surgical resection guarantees satisfactory mid-term oncological outcomes, but samples are limited, and long-term data are lacking. National and international registry are auspicial to evaluate long-term oncological outcomes and to optimize clinical management.
Characterizing Juvenile Common Snook and Tarpon Habitat to Guide Conservation and Restoration of Coastal Wetlands
Authors: Stevens Philip W. , Blewett David A. , Anderson Corey R. , Saari Courtney R. , Shea Colin P. , Craig Casey A. , Radabaugh Kara R.
Published: October 2024

To conserve or restore juvenile fish habitat, resource managers, restoration practitioners, and engineers need fine-scale information to understand what conditions they need to preserve or what specifications are needed to create new habitat. The objective of this study was to develop statistical models using a dataset of 18 coastal ponds in Southwest Florida, USA, to predict the abundance of juvenile common snook Centropomus undecimalis (hereafter snook) and presence of juvenile tarpon Megalops atlanticus, both of which are flagship species used for conservation and restoration of subtropical and tropical wetlands. Model predictors included water conditions and characteristics of vegetation, sediment, and geographic position. Modeling results indicated that juvenile snook used coastal ponds that were directly connected to tidal creeks. In contrast, juvenile tarpon were more likely to be present in coastal ponds that were separated from tidal creeks by dense mangrove forest (e.g., elevation > 0.48 m above Mean Low Water) characterized by highly organic sediment and low dissolved oxygen, to which tarpon are well adapted. Overlap between snook abundance and tarpon presence was greatest where connections between ponds and the nearest tidal creek were at a relatively low elevation (e.g., -0.12 m relative to Mean Low Water). Although these findings are most applicable to management and conservation of populations in areas along the Gulf coast of Florida (i.e., in areas of similar tidal range and coastal geomorphology), incorporating more detailed habitat surveys to better capture landscape context, geomorphology, and connectivity into fish sampling designs should be broadly applicable to estuarine fish ecology.
The Unproductive “Overconstitutionalization” of EU Copyright and Trademark Law – Fundamental Rights Rhetoric and Reality in CJEU Jurisprudence
Authors: Senftleben Martin
Published: October 2024

In EU copyright and trademark law, the protection of the right to intellectual property is the rule, and breathing space for competing fundamental rights, such as freedom of expression and the right to a healthy environment, is the exception. While formally recognizing the need to balance protection interests against other fundamental rights and values, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) fails to use competing fundamental rights productively. Instead, the Court has developed a meaningless fundamental rights rhetoric that produces the false impression that there is sufficient room for all competing rights and interests within the existing copyright and trademark systems. However, the current configuration of EU copyright and trademark law fails to offer users the chance of meeting right holders as equals, even if their fundamental rights are of equal ranking in the Charter. By adding fundamental rights cosmetics to imbalanced protection systems, the CJEU only cements and further stabilizes the existing rule/exception edifice that is strongly in favour of right holders. Introducing the mantra of internal balancing – requiring the reconciliation of competing rights and interests within the confines of secondary copyright and trademark legislation – the Court has even created a considerable risk of sacrificing competing fundamental rights on the altar of the EU harmonization agenda. By letting the harmonization objective reign supreme, the CJEU has also given the three-step test in copyright law and the honest practices proviso in trademark law a quasi-constitutional status. As a result, these open-ended provisions undermine limitations of exclusive rights that could support competing fundamental rights. To remove the imbalances in current EU copyright and trademark law, it would be necessary to introduce upfront gatekeeper requirements that prevent illegitimate infringement claims from the outset when competing fundamental rights are at stake.
National Variation in Black Immigrant Preterm Births and the Role of County-Level Social Factors
Authors: Amuzie Ozi , Radack Joshua , Yang Nancy , Barreto Alejandra , Murosko Daria , Handley Sara C. , Lorch Scott A. , Burris Heather H. , Montoya-Williams Diana
Published: October 2024

Preterm birth rates among Black individuals continue to be inequitably high in the USA. Black immigrants appear to have a preterm birth advantage over US-born counterparts. This national cross-sectional study of singleton non-Hispanic Black individuals in the USA from 2011 to 2018 aimed to investigate if the Black immigrant preterm birth advantage varied geographically and how this advantage associated with county-level social drivers of health. Generalized linear mixed models explored the odds of preterm birth (< 37 weeks) by birthing person’s nativity, defined as US- versus foreign-born. In county-level analyses, five measures were explored as possible sources of structural risk for or resilience against preterm birth: percent of residents in poverty, percent uninsured, percent with more than a high school education, percent foreign-born, and racial polarization. County-level immigrant advantage among foreign-born compared to US-born Black individuals was defined by a disparity rate ratio (RR); RR < 1 indicated a county-level immigrant preterm birth advantage. Linear regression models at the level of counties quantified associations between county-level factors and disparity RRs. Among 4,072,326 non-Hispanic Black birthing individuals, immigrants had 24% lower adjusted odds of preterm birth compared to US-born Black individuals (aOR 0.77, 95% CI 0.76–0.78). In county-level analyses, the immigrant advantage varied across counties; disparity RRs ranged from 0.13 to 2.82. County-level lack of health insurance and education greater than high school were both associated with immigrant preterm birth advantage. Future research should explore policies within counties that impact risk of preterm birth for both US-born and immigrant Black individuals.
Areas of uncertainty on the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of hypophosphatemia in adults: an Italian Delphi consensus
Authors: Chiodini Iacopo , d’Angela Daniela , Falchetti Alberto , Gennari Luigi , Malavolta Nazzarena , Masi Laura , Migliore Antonio , Orso Massimiliano , Polistena Barbara , Rendina Domenico , Scillitani Alfredo , Spandonaro Federico , Vezzoli Giuseppe , Vescini Fabio ,   Delphi Panel Members, Ambrosio Maria Rosaria , Cairoli Elisa , Camozzi Valentina , Cannavò Salvatore , Eller-Vainicher Cristina , Gianninir Sandro , Gianotti Laura , Giusti Andrea , Merlotti Daniela , Migliaccio Silvia , Minisola Salvatore , Montinaro Vincenzo , Palermo Andrea , Pasquali Daniela , Passeri Giovanni , Procopio Massimo , Salcuni Antonio Stefano
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The study aimed to present the results of a Delphi consensus involving Italian experts focusing on the management of hypophosphatemia in adults.

Methods

A multidisciplinary advisory board of nine physicians, experts in hypophosphatemia management, was established. Next, a literature search was performed to identify international guidelines, consensus, and clinical pathways, which were later presented to the advisory board. Collaboratively, the advisory board and authoring team selected key statements for the consensus process and focused on areas of uncertainty related to the management of hypophosphatemia. The advisory board also indicated the experts to be invited to participate in the consensus process. The Delphi method was employed to reach a consensus.

Results

The literature search yielded one guideline, five consensus documents, and one clinical pathway. While our search strategy aimed to identify documents on the management of all types of hypophosphatemia, most of the guidelines and consensus documents retrieved focused on X-linked hypophosphatemia. The consensus process focused on 11 key issues, achieving strong convergence (over 70% consensus) in the first Delphi round for 8 out of the 11 statements. Three statements proceeded to the second round, with strong agreement reached for two. Notably, consensus was not reached for the statement concerning the measurement of fibroblast growth factor 23 for diagnostic purposes.

Conclusion

The study revealed that the community of clinical experts is well-informed and in agreement regarding hypophosphatemia management. It emphasized the importance of developing clear national guidance documents to support clinicians and multidisciplinary teams in patient management. These documents are crucial not only for healthcare professionals but also for those responsible for defining pathways and services, facilitating a more accurate management of hypophosphatemic patients.
Fabrication Strategies for 2D Halide Perovskite Towards Next-Generation Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Cho Seong Ho , Jung Yonghoon , Jang Yeoun-Woo , Kim Hyemin , Kim Jaehyeon , Lim Changhyun , Park Ki-Tae , Kim Seongheon , Chu Young Ho , Kim Taehoon , Lee Jieun , Lee Changhee , Park Junhyoung , Yoon Kyung Tak , Eom Dongguen , Park Sangwook , Kim Taeyong , Lee Yun Seog
Published: October 2024

Halide perovskites have emerged as promising materials in high-performance optoelectronics due to their exceptional optoelectrical properties, such as long carrier lifetime and tunable bandgap. Despite the promising capabilities of three-dimensional (3D) halide perovskites in applications like solar cells and light-emitting diodes, their operational stability remains a critical challenge. This review focuses on quasi-two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites, which offer enhanced stability through their reduced dimensionality. We discuss the unique properties of these materials, including the ability to modify optical and electronic characteristics by altering the organic cations and the layer number in the perovskite structure. Additionally, we review various fabrication techniques, highlighting the shift from traditional low-temperature solution processes to more advanced solid, liquid, and vapor-phase methods, which address the limitations of conventional fabrication and enhance material quality. This comprehensive review aims to provide insights into the development of stable and efficient 2D halide perovskite-based optoelectronic devices, paving the way for their integration into next-generation optoelectronic applications.
Going Dutch? Comparing Regulatory and Contracting Policy Paradigms via Amsterdam and London SPAC Experiences
Authors: Reddy Bobby V.
Published: October 2024

The special purpose acquisition company (SPAC) is a cash shell listed with the sole purpose of acquiring an operating business. Although SPACs, in a high interest rate environment, may have recently fallen out of favor, it was not long ago when they dominated the US markets. SPACs did not, though, come without controversy. Arguably, the incentives ingrained in typical SPACs make them poor investments for long-term shareholders, while lucrative for their sponsors and shareholders seeking to exit prior to an acquisition. Europe was not immune to the SPAC craze, but London and Amsterdam took differing approaches. While London employs a regulatory paradigm pursuant to which SPACs (to avoid a trading suspension upon announcement of an acquisition) must adopt specific terms, Amsterdam follows a contracting paradigm, giving market participants broad scope to implement any SPAC terms that they see fit. In this article, the terms of the cohort of London- and Amsterdam-listed SPACs from 2021 and 2022 are comprehensively scrutinized in the context of the terms that are embedded in the typical US SPAC. This article finds that many of the terms mandated by London’s regulatory rules are also found in Amsterdam-listed SPACs. However, many of those London- and Amsterdam-listed SPACs also display many of the qualities seen in the US which have caused so much consternation. Taking inspiration from the phrase ‘going Dutch’, it is argued that an optimal SPAC policy that assuages concerns levied at US SPACs should take contributions from both the regulatory and contracting paradigms.
Generalised row and column removal results for decomposition numbers of spin representations of symmetric groups in characteristic 2
Authors: Morotti Lucia
Published: October 2024

We prove generalised row and column removal results for decomposition numbers of spin representations of symmetric groups in characteristic 2, similar to Donkin’s results for decomposition numbers of representations of symmetric groups.
Powder bed fusion of solid and permeable Crofer 22 APU parts for applications in chemical process engineering
Authors: Mahmoudizadeh Masoud , Klahn Christoph , Dittmeyer Roland
Published: October 2024

Additive manufacturing of metals has attracted significant attention across various industries. However, its adoption in certain chemical and energy sectors remains constrained by the absence of optimized alloys tailored for high temperatures and corrosive environments. This study explores the laser-based powder bed fusion processing of Crofer 22 APU, a high-temperature, corrosion-resistant alloy ideal for applications such as methane steam reforming reactors, high-temperature fuel cells, and palladium membrane supports. Systematic optimization of laser parameters including laser power, hatch distance, point distance, and building angles was conducted for both dense and porous objects. Dense parts achieved a relative density of 0.9999 and surface roughness of Sa= 41.27±1.48 on a 45$$^\circ$$

∘

overhang. Porous samples showed a porosity range of 28.6 to 55.5% and surface roughness Sa 22.2 $$\upmu$$
μ
m to 45.9 $$\upmu$$
μ
m as hatch distance increased from 0.12 mm to 0.16 mm. Additionally, an 8YSZ coating applied via screen printing demonstrated the impact of hatch distance and laser power on surface quality. The combination of additive manufacturing of Crofer 22 APU and screen printing of 8YSZ simplifies the preparation of metallic supports for Pd-based membranes, reducing fabrication time and cost by shortening the number of preparation steps. This technique offers a promising approach for scaling up membranes and membrane reactors.
Freeform 3D deposition of small diameter copper tubes using a powder-binder feedstock
Authors: Rane Kedarnath , Strano Matteo
Published: October 2024

Copper is an interesting material for many applications including thermal management devices, which make often use of copper piping. This study proposes a method for the freeform deposition of a copper-binder feedstock, extruded through an additive manufacturing machine. Several tubes have been printed using a special nozzle and varying process parameters. The dimensional results of the deposited specimens at the green state and the physical properties of the tubes after debinding and sintering have been measured. The results demonstrate that piping in serpentine layout can be deposited by extrusion and sintered, even with sharp bends without significant ovalization of the cross-section.
Tungsten Concentrations in Mittersill Scheelite Ore Quantified with X-Ray Computed Tomography
Authors: Hansson K. S. Alexander , Högdahl Karin , Bergqvist Mikael , Norell Jesper , Schött Johan , Stansvik Elvis , Häggström Christian
Published: October 2024

Drill cores from the Mittersill tungsten mine, also called Felbertal, were scanned with a drill core scanner using X-ray computed tomography (XCT) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Matrix amphiboles and quartz stand out as peaks in the XCT attenuation histogram, whereas the main ore mineral scheelite has distinctly high attenuation. Volumetric concentrations of the XCT high attenuation phase show an excellent correlation with tungsten lab assay values for 56 samples. One outlier, which can be attributed to a high bismuth concentration, as observed with the drill core scanner, needs a correction term to fall close to the linear relation formed by all other samples. The results suggest the technique could be used for rapid tungsten analysis in this, or similar, geological settings. It is evident that scheelite shows up as high attenuation values in the XCT data, which enables further ore characterization studies in 3D.
Sugarcane straw biochar: effects of pyrolysis temperature on barite dissolution and Ba availability under flooded conditions
Authors: Viana Douglas G. , Soares Matheus B. , Alleoni Luís Reynaldo F. , Egreja Filho Fernando B. , Duckworth Owen W. , Regitano Jussara Borges
Published: October 2024

Reductive dissolution of barium (Ba) sulfate in wetland soils may increase Ba bioavailability in the environment, yet no information is available regarding Ba remediation using biochar. This study investigated the effectiveness of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) straw biochar pyrolyzed at 350 °C (BC350), 550 °C (BC550), and 750 °C (BC750) in inhibiting barite dissolution and, consequently, Ba availability in a soil artificially spiked with barite and flooded for 365 days. Increasing pyrolysis temperature alters the carbon structure, and increases dehydration and depolymerization, resulting in more stable biochar that releases less DOC (8.6-fold decrease from BC350 to BC750). Additionally, high-temperature biochar (BC750) had 1.7 times higher carbon (C) content, 2.4 times higher ash content, and a 13.1 times greater specific surface area (SSA) than low-temperature biochar (BC350). Amending soil with BC750 increased pH but did not promote reducing conditions, and thus did not promote barite dissolution. Conversely, greater DOC in low-temperature biochar, particularly BC350, favored reducing conditions and increased barite dissolution by 23%, with BC550 also showing an 18% increase. This enhancement led to a greater pool of Ba sorbed into more labile exchangeable sites. In summary, pyrolysis temperature affects biochar attributes, which in turn influences the soil geochemical environment and Ba speciation. Low-temperature biochar (BC350) shows potential as an amendment to increase the bioavailable Ba pool in assisted remediation programs, such as biochar-assisted phytoremediation.

Graphical Abstract
Biochar aging, soil microbiota and chemistry of charcoal kilns in Mediterranean forests
Authors: Iacomino Giuseppina , Idbella Mohamed , di Costanzo Luigi , Amoroso Giandomenico , Allevato Emilia , Abd-ElGawad Ahmed M. , Bonanomi Giuliano
Published: October 2024

Charcoal kilns, old structures used for charcoal production in the forest, preserve a charcoal-enriched topsoil representing a suitable proxy for studying the long-term effect of biochar addition to soil. Two kiln platforms located at Gelbison and Vesole mountain sites in Southern Italy were selected due to their comparable climates but distinct parent rocks. We conducted standard soil chemical analyses and used next-generation sequencing to explore bacterial and fungal microbiome. Anthracology identified charcoal species, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) characterized charcoal particles. Reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS) assessed biochar surface oxidation. Additionally, a bioassay with soybean, maize, and Tomato investigated the impact of kiln soil on plant performance. Our results showed that kiln soils did not exhibit higher pH, cation exchange capacity, or greater richness in cations. EDS and FTIR analyses showed that charcoal buried in forest soil for decades undergoes significant oxidation, with increased O/C ratio and the presence of oxygenated functional groups. Charcoal surfaces were selectively enriched with Ca2+ on limestone substrate sites but with Al and Si over sedimentary (flysch) substrate. While differences in the kiln soil and its surroundings were noticeable, they were not drastic in terms of microbial diversity and composition. Surprisingly, the bioassay indicated that the kiln microbiota had a more positive impact on plant growth compared to external forest soil. In conclusion, this study highlights the unique nature of kiln microsites and begins to unveil the enduring effects of charcoal accumulation on soil chemistry and microbiota in forest soil.

Graphical Abstract
New insights into synergistic interactions of root-knot nematode and wilt causing fungi on pigeon pea in sandy loam soil
Authors: Ansari Rizwan Ali , Mahmood Irshad , Rizvi Rose , Zakeel Mohamed Cassim Mohamed
Published: October 2024

A study under pot conditions was undertaken to know the relationship between plant biomass and inoculum densities of Meloidogyne incognita. Similarly, plant biomass—Fusarium udum relationship was also observed. Results revealed that increased inoculum densities resulted in corresponding decrease in plant biomass markers. Compared to control plants, 2000 nematode inoculation caused significant damage in phytobiomass (23.07–26.32%) of pigeon pea. 2.0 g F. udum inoculation caused significant impairment in different plant growth characteristics (22.96–26.02%) over control plants at P < 0.05. The interactive study revealed that concomitant, M. incognita + F. udum inoculation caused the maximum reduction (33.68–56.66%) in plant biomass. Next to this, M. incognita inoculation 15 days prior to F. udum and F. udum inoculation 15 days prior to M. incognita caused an impairment of (28.55–50.11%) and (23.99–43.33%), respectively. However, they were statistically either at par or non-significant over each other. Disease assay revealed that M. incognita multiplication rate was correspondingly augmented upon the rise of nematode concentration, conversely, the reproduction factor was progressively decreased. Pathogens interactive facet revealed that M. incognita inoculated plants showed a higher root galls (99.40), eggs (79.20), fecundity (199.80), and nematode population (13,785.60). The presence of F. udum suppressed nematode multiplication ability. However, concomitant inoculation of M. incognita and F. udum aggravated percent wilt severity (65.48%) thus exhibiting a synergistic interaction between the vascular pathogens.
A Novel Method for Identifying Landslide Surface Deformation via the Integrated YOLOX and Mask R-CNN Model
Authors: Wan Chenghui , Gan Jianjun , Chen Anbang , Acharya Prabin , Li Fenghui , Yu Wenjie , Liu Fangzhou
Published: October 2024

The detection of landslide areas and surface characteristics is the prerequisite and basis of landslide hazard risk assessment. The traditional method relies mainly on manual field identification, and discrimination is based on the lack of unified quantitative standards. Thus, the use of neural networks for the quantitative identification and prediction of landslide surface deformation is explored. By constructing an integrated model based on YOLO X-CNN and Mask R-CNN, a deep learning-based feature detection method for landslide surface images is proposed. First, the method superimposes Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) oblique photography data (UOPD) and Internet heterosource image data (IHID) to construct a landslide surface image dataset and landslide surface deformation database. Second, an integrated model suitable for small- and medium-scale target detection and large-scale target edge extraction is constructed to automatically identify and extract landslide surface features and to achieve rapid detection of landslide surface features and accurate segmentation and deformation recognition of landslide areas. The results show that the detection accuracy for small rock targets is greater than 80% and that the speed is 57.04 FPS. The classification and mask segmentation accuracies of large slope targets are approximately 90%. A speed of 7.89 FPS can meet the needs of disaster emergency response; this provides a reference method for the accurate identification of landslide surface features.
Evidential pluralism in the social sciences: What can be established in case study research?
Authors: Runhardt Rosa W.
Published: October 2024

This article responds to Yafeng Shan and Jon Williamson’s 2022 volume Evidential Pluralism in the Social Sciences, focusing on the applicability of Evidential Pluralism in the field of case study research through the use of examples from political science. The article argues that Shan and Williamson’s guidance on (a) what evidence one needs to establish causation in singular case studies and (b) what one may conclude at the population level once one has done so is lacking in some important respects. Therefore, this article will speak to the wider community of social scientists and methodologists who are sympathetic to using a plurality of evidence in case study research, but who still want guidance of how to do so in a philosophically grounded manner.