bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combined Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry, Gas Chromatography–Infrared, and Computational Approach to Differentiate Constitutional Isomers of Methylpyridine Derivatives
Authors: Johnson Joshua T. , Marsh Brett , Zimmerman-Federle Hannah , Archer David , Bishop Michael , Fan Ziyan
Published: December 2024

Methylpyridine derivatives serve as crucial components and intermediates in agrochemical products, particularly synthetic auxin herbicides. Accurate structural elucidation of these compounds is required for regulatory compliance and successful product registration. While mass spectrometry (MS) techniques are commonly employed for structural analysis, their effectiveness decreases when dealing with isomeric compounds. In this study, we propose an integrated workflow that combines gas chromatography–infrared spectroscopy (GC-IR) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to enable structural elucidation of methylpyridine derivatives. GC-IR provides temporally resolved infrared (IR) spectra, enabling qualitative and quantitative analysis without compound isolation. GC-IR can effectively distinguish isomeric compounds by comparing IR spectra of energy-minimized structures calculated using DFT, even when the spectral differences are subtle. Our comprehensive approach leverages GC-MS, GC-IR, and DFT calculations, facilitating robust structural characterization of methylpyridine derivatives utilized in the production of diverse agrochemical products.
CAR T-cell therapies for T-cell malignancies: does cellular immunotherapy represent the best chance of cure?
Authors: Maciocia Nicola , Wade Brandon , Maciocia Paul
Published: December 2024

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has proven successful for B-cell lymphomas and leukemias. This success has inspired the development of CAR-T for T-cell malignancies. T-cell lymphomas and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) are highly heterogenous diseases but are united by poor prognosis in the relapsed/refractory setting and the lack of any novel, targeted therapies. CAR-T therapy is a promising solution for these diseases but carries a number of challenges, principally that target antigens are typically shared between malignant and normal T cells. This can cause issues with fratricide and T-cell aplasia. In this review we discuss the current state of CAR-T treatment for T-ALL and T-cell lymphomas, highlighting recent novel clinical data for T-cell malignancies and discuss lessons that can be learned for future research in this area.
Distinct patterns of cell adhesion, migration, and morphology in olfactory neuroepithelium cells of bipolar disorder patients
Authors: Delgado-Sequera Alejandra , Pérez-Revuelta Jose I. , Caballero-García Andres , Durán-Ruiz MªCarmen , Romero-Lopez-Alberca Cristina , García-Mompó Clara , González-Saiz Francisco , Rodríguez-Iglesias Manuel , Sanchez-Morillo Daniel , Robledo Patricia , Perez Victor , Berrocoso Esther , Hidalgo-Figueroa Maria
Published: December 2024

Background

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe, chronic mental illness that remains difficult to diagnose due to the lack of specific biomarkers, relying primarily on clinical assessments. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for improving prognosis and lowering suicide risk. This study aimed to identify biomarkers and therapeutic targets by utilizing olfactory neuroepithelium (ONE) cells from patients with BD and controls.

Methods

Immunofluorescence of ONE cells, along with proteomic and RNA sequencing analyses, was performed to investigate cytoskeletal changes and pathways involved in cell adhesion, movement, and morphology. Additionally, potential biomarkers were investigated in blood samples to improve clinical accessibility.

Results

Thus, according to functional assays, ONE cells derived from BD patients exhibited decreased substrate adhesion, reduced cell migration, and morphological changes compared to control cells. In addition, proteomic and RNAseq analyses in ONE cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) revealed alterations in pathways such as RhoA/PAK/Integrin and Actin Cytoskeleton Signaling, as well as significant changes in inflammatory and immunological pathways. AUROC analysis identified proteins like PTK2 as potential diagnostic biomarkers, showing altered expression in both ONE cells and PBMCs. PTK2 RNA expression correlated with distinct morphological traits in BD ONE cells.

Conclusions

In summary, this study identified cytoskeletal alterations, reduced adhesion, and disrupted migration patterns in BD ONE cells, highlighting molecular mechanisms underlying these changes and emphasizing PTK2’s role as a potential diagnostic biomarker for BD.
Translation and psychometric validation of the Heart Failure Symptom Tracker (HFaST)
Authors: Perez Maria Inês , Seringa Joana , Magalhães Teresa
Published: December 2024

Background

Heart Failure (HF) is a global public health issue with high morbidity and mortality rates. Symptom management improves HF patients’ quality of life and demonstrates a potential reduction in hospitalisation, particularly among individuals aged 65 and over. Early identification of patients at higher risk of hospitalisation is essential to guide patient-centred interventions. This study aimed to translate, cross-culturally adapt and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Heart Failure Symptom Tracker (HFaST) tool for the Portuguese population. Additionally, it aimed to test the hypothesis that higher scores of the HFaST are associated with increased hospitalisations due to HF decompensation.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted in two phases. The first phase involved the linguistic translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the HFaST tool into European Portuguese. Content validity was assessed by a panel of ten experts, who evaluated the clarity, relevance and equivalence of the pre-final version. A pre-test, using cognitive interviews with a sample of forty individuals was conducted to assess the item comprehensibility of the adapted tool. The second phase involved the psychometric validity in a sample of sixty HF patients. Participants completed a demographical and clinical assessment, the Portuguese version of the HFaST tool and the Portuguese version of the KCCQ-23 questionnaire. Additionally, the association between HFaST scores and HF hospitalisations were analysed.

Results

Equivalence between versions showed substantial to perfect agreement, with Fleiss’ k ranging from 0.678 to 1.000. Necessary adjustments were performed. Pre-test confirmed 95% comprehensibility. Internal consistency was acceptable, with a Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.724, moderate to strong inter-item correlations, and significant correlations between the HFaST and the KCCQ-23 items were observed. Higher HFaST scores were significantly associated with increased hospitalisations, highlighting its role as a predictive tool for clinical risk stratification.

Conclusions

The Portuguese version of the HFaST demonstrated to be a reliable and valid self-management tool for HF patients in Portugal. By predicting the likelihood of hospitalisation risk, the HFaST enables clinicians to implement early interventions, potentially reducing hospital admissions, improving patients’ outcomes and contributing to a better quality of life.

Clinical trial number

not applicable.
Accelerated risk of renal disease progression in pre-ESRD patients with proton pump inhibitors use: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Huang Chien-Huei , Tsai Chih-Jung , Su Chien-Chou , Yen Chi-Tai , Chen Ju-Ling , Cheng Ching-Lan
Published: December 2024

Background

Although Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) were mostly prescribed for gastrointestinal (GI) disease widely, there were numerous studies about PPIs and adverse renal outcome. Most evidence was to evaluate the risk of PPIs in patients with normal renal function and in the absence of the moderate to advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study focuses on the accelerated progression of renal function following proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) use, and the increased risks of acute kidney injury (AKI) among moderate to advanced CKD (pre-ESRD) patients.

Patients and methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted by including adult patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3b to 5 who initiated PPI or H2 blocker (H2B) therapy between 2011 and 2018. The risk of renal events was assessed using the Cox proportional hazard model to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Sensitivity analyses were performed, including propensity score matching, as-treated analysis, and subgroup analysis.

Results

The cohort comprised 83,432 pre-ESRD patients, with 5,138 treated with H2B and 1,051 with PPIs. The progression to ESRD was significantly more likely in patients using PPIs compared to those using H2B (adjusted HR, 1.495; 95% CI: 1.198–1.867). Specifically, omeprazole (adjusted HR, 1.784; 95% CI: 1.079–2.951) and esomeprazole (adjusted HR, 1.847; 95% CI: 1.332–2.561) were associated with a notably higher risk of ESRD and AKI.

Conclusions

The study highlights the significance of the accelerated renal risk, especially for moderate to advanced CKD patients, when prescribing PPIs and to implicate the clinicians prescribed PPIs and H2B in pre-ESRD patients.
Sex differences in hypertension incidence and risk factors: a population-based cohort study in Southern Iran
Authors: Rezaianzadeh Abbas , Johari Masoumeh Ghoddusi , Baeradeh Najibullah , Seif Mozhgan , Hosseini Seyed Vahid
Published: December 2024

Background

Hypertension (HTN) is a major global public health concern. This study aims to identify gender differences to inform more effective prevention strategies and targeted management approaches.

Methods

This prospective cohort study included 7,710 participants aged 40 to 70 years, with a mean follow-up duration of 5.2 years. HTN was defined using European hypertension management guidelines. A Cox regression model was employed to determine factors associated with HTN, adjusting for confounding variables effects.

Results

During the mean follow-up period of 5.2 years, the incidence rate of hypertension was 21.54 per 1,000 person-years, with females exhibiting a higher incidence than males. Several significant predictors of HTN were identified. In men, key risk factors included age (60–70 years, 2.83-fold increase, 95% CI 2.05–3.92), high waist-to-height ratio (5.63-fold increase, 95% CI 2.42–13.07), smoking (2.68-fold increase, 95% CI 1.04–6.91), and opium use (1.93-fold increase, 95% CI 1.06–3.49). In women, significant predictors included age (60–70 years, 3.65-fold increase, 95% CI 2.59–5.15), contraceptive drug use (1.24-fold increase, 95% CI 1.01–1.52), high waist-to-height ratio (1.87-fold increase, 95% CI 1.19–2.92), pre-HTN (3.64-fold increase, 95% CI 3.01–4.40), and kidney stones (1.32-fold increase, 95% CI 1.06–1.65).

Conclusion

This study identified key predictors of hypertension (HTN) with notable gender differences. For men, significant risk factors included age, high waist-to-height ratio, smoking, and opium use; for women, the prominent predictors were age, contraceptive use, pre-HTN, and kidney stones. These findings highlight the need for gender-specific strategies in HTN prevention and management, focusing on modifiable risk factors by gender.
Enhancing intercultural competence of German medical students through innovative teaching on medical ethics with a focus on Muslim patients – a pilot study
Authors: Tekbaş Aysun , Mauntel Arian , Lehmann Thomas , Tautenhahn Hans-Michael , Settmacher Utz , Festl-Wietek Teresa , Herrmann-Werner Anne
Published: December 2024

Background

Effective healthcare delivery in today's diverse society necessitates healthcare providers' adeptness in navigating cultural and religious nuances in patient care. However, the integration of cultural competence training into medical education remains inadequate, particularly concerning the care of Muslim patients. In response, we introduce a novel educational intervention aimed at enhancing intercultural proficiency among medical students, emphasizing care for Muslim patients.

Methods

The intervention comprised interactive seminars and simulated patient sessions. With a bespoke and the Cross-Cultural Competence of Healthcare Professionals (CCCHP-27) questionnaire the pre- and post-course intercultural competencies of n = 31 medical students of the Medical Faculty of Jena University were assessed. Additionally, there was a control group consisting of 34 students. Statistical analyses including descriptive statistics, paired samples t-tests, Wilcoxon tests, correlation analysis, Mann–Whitney U-tests, and multiple regression analysis were employed for data analysis.

Results

Results of the bespoke questionnaire reveal significant improvements in intercultural knowledge (median pre 1.0 (0.6 – 1.6), median post 2.2 (2.4-2.8), p < 0.001) and in knowledge regarding Muslim patients (median pre 1.0 (0.5 – 1.5), median post 2.5 (2-3), p < 0.001) following the course. Regarding the CCCHP-27, students demonstrated a significant improvement in their skills, with pre-assessment score of 4.10 (± 0.47) and post-assessment score of 4.38 (± 0.40), p = 0.001. Female participants and those with limited prior experience demonstrated greater gains (p = 0.005 and p = 0.053). Notably, the incorporation of a session with a simulated patient garnered favorable feedback, affirming the efficacy of practical application in consolidating learning outcomes.

Discussion

Our study emphasizes the importance of integrating intercultural competencies training into medical education and our findings underscore the efficacy of targeted educational interventions in enhancing intercultural competencies among medical students. For the assessment of intercultural competence, our bespoke questionnaire serves as a valuable addition to the German healthcare system.

Conclusion

Implementation of similar interventions into medical curricula nationwide is imperative to address the needs of diverse patient populations effectively.
Risk of mortality between warfarin and direct oral anticoagulants: population-based cohort studies
Authors: Wang Zixuan , Matthewman Julian , Tazare John , Yu Qiuyan , Cheung Ka Shing , Chui Celine S. L. , Chan Esther W. Y. , Bhaskaran Krishnan , Smeeth Liam , Wong Ian C. K. , Douglas Ian J. , Wong Angel Y. S.
Published: December 2024

Background

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been reported to be associated with a higher risk of mortality compared with an older alternative, warfarin using primary care data in the United Kingdom (UK). However, other studies observed contradictory findings. We therefore aimed to investigate the association between mortality and warfarin, compared with DOACs.

Methods

We conducted cohort studies using UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum and Hong Kong Clinical Data Analysis and Reporting System (CDARS) to identify the association between warfarin and hazard of mortality, compared to DOACs. Individuals with non-valvular atrial fibrillation aged ≥ 18 years who had first anticoagulant therapy (warfarin or DOAC) during 1/1/2011–31/12/2019 were included.

Results

Compared with DOAC use, a lower hazard of all-cause mortality was found in warfarin users (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.77–0.86) in CPRD; while a higher hazard was observed in warfarin users (HR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.24–1.39) in CDARS, versus DOAC users. In our exploratory analysis, consistent results were seen in both databases when stratified warfarin users by time in therapeutic range (TTR) using post-baseline measurements: a lower hazard of all-cause mortality in warfarin users with TTR ≥ 65% (CPRD: HR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.65–0.72; CDARS: HR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.77–0.96) and increased hazard in warfarin users with TTR < 65% (CPRD: HR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.05–1.23; CDARS: HR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.50–1.69), versus DOAC users.

Conclusions

The differences in hazard of all-cause mortality associated with warfarin compared with DOAC, in part may depend on anticoagulation control in warfarin users. Notably, this study is unable to establish a causal relationship between warfarin and mortality stratified by TTR, versus DOACs, requiring future studies for further investigation.
Effectiveness and feasibility of a theory-informed intervention to improve Mediterranean diet adherence, physical activity and cognition in older adults at risk of dementia: the MedEx-UK randomised controlled trial
Authors: Jennings A. , Shannon O. M. , Gillings R. , Lee V. , Elsworthy R. , Bundy R. , Rao G. , Hanson S. , Hardeman W. , Paddick S-M. , Siervo M. , Aldred S. , Mathers J. C. , Hornberger M. , Minihane A. M.
Published: December 2024

Background

Despite an urgent need for multi-domain lifestyle interventions to reduce dementia risk, there is a lack of interventions which are informed by theory- and evidence-based behaviour change strategies, and no interventions in this domain have investigated the feasibility or effectiveness of behaviour change maintenance. We tested the feasibility, acceptability and cognitive effects of a personalised theory-based 24-week intervention to improve Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence alone, or in combination with physical activity (PA), in older-adults at risk of dementia, defined using a cardiovascular risk score.

Methods

Participants (n = 104, 74% female, 57–76 years) were randomised to three parallel intervention arms: (1) control, (2) MD, or (3) MD + PA for 24 weeks and invited to an optional 24-week follow-up period with no active intervention. Behaviour change was supported using personalised targets, a web-based intervention, group sessions and food provision. The primary outcome was behaviour change (MD adherence and PA levels), and the secondary outcomes included feasibility and acceptability, cognitive function, cardiometabolic health (BMI and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure) and process measures.

Results

The intervention was feasible and acceptable with the intended number of participants completing the study. Participant engagement with group sessions and food provision components was high. There was improved MD adherence in the two MD groups compared with control at 24 weeks (3.7 points on a 14-point scale (95% CI 2.9, 4.5) and 48 weeks (2.7 points (95% CI 1.6, 3.7)). The intervention did not significantly change objectively measured PA. Improvements in general cognition (0.22 (95% CI 0.05, 0.35), memory (0.31 (95% CI 0.10, 0.51) and select cardiovascular outcomes captured as underpinning physiological mechanisms were observed in the MD groups at 24 weeks.

Conclusions

The intervention was successful in initiating and maintaining dietary behaviour change for up to 12 months which resulted in cognitive benefits. It provides a framework for future complex behaviour change interventions with a range of health and well-being endpoints.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03673722.
Prostanoid signaling in retinal cells elicits inflammatory responses relevant to early-stage diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Stark Amy K. , Penn John S.
Published: December 2024

Inflammation is a critical driver of the early stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and offers an opportunity for therapeutic intervention before irreversible damage and vision loss associated with later stages of DR ensue. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have shown mixed efficacy in slowing early DR progression, notably including severe adverse side effects likely due to their nonselective inhibition of all downstream signaling intermediates. In this study, we investigated the role of prostanoids, the downstream signaling lipids whose production is inhibited by NSAIDs, in promoting inflammation relevant to early-stage DR in two human retinal cell types: Müller glia and retinal microvascular endothelial cells. When cultured in multiple conditions modeling distinct aspects of systemic diabetes, Müller glia significantly increased production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), whereas retinal endothelial cells significantly increased production of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α). Müller glia stimulated with PGE2 or PGF2α increased proinflammatory cytokine levels dose-dependently. These effects were blocked by selective antagonists to the EP2 receptor of PGE2 or the FP receptor of PGF2α, respectively. In contrast, only PGF2α stimulated adhesion molecule expression in retinal endothelial cells and leukocyte adhesion to cultured endothelial monolayers, effects that were fully prevented by FP receptor antagonist treatment. Together these results identify PGE2-EP2 and PGF2α-FP signaling as novel, selective targets for future studies and therapeutic development to mitigate or prevent retinal inflammation characteristic of early-stage DR.
From ductal carcinoma in situ to invasive breast cancer: the prognostic value of the extracellular microenvironment
Authors: Hulahan Taylor S. , Angel Peggi M.
Published: December 2024

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a noninvasive breast disease that variably progresses to invasive breast cancer (IBC). Given the unpredictability of this progression, most DCIS patients are aggressively managed similar to IBC patients. Undoubtedly, this treatment paradigm places many DCIS patients at risk of overtreatment and its significant consequences. Historically, prognostic modeling has included the assessment of clinicopathological features and genomic markers. Although these provide valuable insights into tumor biology, they remain insufficient to predict which DCIS patients will progress to IBC. Contemporary work has begun to focus on the microenvironment surrounding the ductal cells for molecular patterns that might predict progression. In this review, extracellular microenvironment alterations occurring with the malignant transformation from DCIS to IBC are detailed. Not only do changes in collagen abundance, organization, and localization mediate the transition to IBC, but also the discrete post-translational regulation of collagen fibers is understood to promote invasion. Other extracellular matrix proteins, such as matrix metalloproteases, decorin, and tenascin C, have been characterized for their role in invasive transformation and further demonstrate the prognostic value of the extracellular matrix. Importantly, these extracellular matrix proteins influence immune cells and fibroblasts toward pro-tumorigenic phenotypes. Thus, the progressive changes in the extracellular microenvironment play a key role in invasion and provide promise for prognostic development.
Vector competence of Culex quinquefasciatus from Santiago Island, Cape Verde, to West Nile Virus: exploring the potential effect of the vector native Wolbachia
Authors: da Moura Aires Januário Fernandes , Tomaz Filipe , Melo Tiago , Seixas Gonçalo , Sousa Carla A. , Pinto João
Published: December 2024

Background

Culex quinquefasciatus plays a crucial role as a vector of West Nile virus (WNV). This mosquito species is widely distributed in Cape Verde, being found in all inhabited islands of the archipelago. However, no data are currently available on the susceptibility of the local mosquito population to WNV. This study aimed to assess the vector competence of Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes from Santiago Island, Cape Verde, for WNV and to explore the potential impact of its native Wolbachia on virus transmission.

Methods

Wolbachia-infected and uninfected Cx. quinquefasciatus female mosquitoes were exposed to WNV lineage 1 PT6.39 strain using a Hemotek membrane feeding system. Mosquito samples, including the body, legs, wings and saliva, were collected at days 7, 14 and 21 post-infection (dpi) to assess WNV infection through one-step quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR).

Results

Culex quinquefasciatus from Cape Verde exhibited high susceptibility to the tested strain of WNV. Also, treated females without their native Wolbachia exhibited significantly higher WNV load in their bodies and greater dissemination rate at 7 dpi than their wild-type counterparts carrying Wolbachia.

Conclusions

The high susceptibility to WNV of Cx. quinquefasciatus from Cape Verde poses a potential risk for virus transmission in the archipelago. However, Wolbachia infection in this mosquito species seems to confer protection against WNV dissemination in the early stages of viral infection. Additional research is required to uncover the mechanisms driving this protection and its potential impact on WNV transmission.

Graphical abstract
Establishing a unified global framework for studying dementia knowledge: insights from a narrative review
Authors: Lazarova Sophia , Petrova-Antonova Dessislava
Published: December 2024

Background

With the global population aging rapidly, dementia has become a pressing public health challenge, affecting the cognitive functions and daily activities of older adults worldwide. Enhancing literacy about dementia is a proactive prevention strategy, yet the effectiveness of educational programs can vary based on the target population’s background. Thus, understanding dementia knowledge levels across different communities and countries is essential for successful educational interventions. Despite the large аmount of studies, there is no common framework for studying dementia knowledge, leading to significant variability in methods and poor data comparability.

Methods

A narrative review is conducted to examine the methodological variability in studies of dementia knowledge and to propose a unified framework for future investigations. We hypothesize that significant differences will be evident in the methodologies employed, particularly regarding knowledge domains, research designs, influencing factors, and assessments of attitudes toward dementia.

Results

A total of 59 research publications published after 2000 were selected, revealing significant variability in approaches to studying dementia knowledge and confirming our hypothesis. We identified eight dementia knowledge domains and various sociodemographic and experiential correlates, along with commonly used complementary assessments. These findings were organized into a unified global framework comprising two core components—dementia knowledge domains and correlates—supplemented by a component addressing affective dispositions towards dementia and an action list to guide future research. The framework aims to provide a foundational basis for enhancing inter-study comparisons and deepening our understanding of dementia knowledge and attitudes across diverse communities.

Conclusion

Aligning methodologies for surveying dementia knowledge through a common framework can empower stakeholders to implement effective educational programs, fostering an informed and supportive environment for individuals affected by dementia.
Exploring the behavioural determinants of compliance in resilient high-caries-risk patients who improved caries severity
Authors: Wang Min Ching , Wu Ching Yi , Chen Wei Han , Liu Chieh Yu , Ho Yi Ching
Published: December 2024

Background

The caries severity in childhood may predict caries conditions in the future and even in adulthood in caries risk models. Nevertheless, the rate of recurrent caries after treatment of severe early childhood caries is high and correlated with behavioural factors, rather than clinical indicators. Compliance with the caries control programme has been demonstrated to prevent root caries development in head and neck cancer patients, suggesting that compliance with treatment protocols is a more important key to bringing about successful outcomes than treatment protocols themselves. However, only few studies defined the triggers of compliance in patients with long-term successful treatment outcomes, especially in children. Furthermore, driven forces of compliant behaviours from patients’ aspects have not been described in the dental literature before. Regarding the need to improve current caries control interventions for children, in this study, behavioural determinants that shaped compliance of resilient children were investigated with a qualitative study design, for its advantage in revealing what an individual really feels which incorporates their experience without restriction from previous literature. Resilience was defined as improvement in caries conditions between primary and mixed or permanent dentitions.

Methods

Interviews were performed with the patient group, including eight resilient children (M/F = 5/3) and their ten caregivers (M/F = 2/8), and the dentist group, including ten paediatric dentists (M/F = 6/4; clinical experience mean = 26.9 years, minimum = 16 years). Thematic analysis was used to identify main themes.

Results

Four themes were identified: (1) dental things/teeth are their priority, (2) normalising, (3) tiger parenting/conscientiousness, and (4) trust. These determinants were identically described by both the patient and dentist groups. Dentists' suggestions were the priority, providing the norms in daily life of resilient patients and their caregivers. These patients found no excuses for failing to take dentists' advice, not only because they trusted their dentists, but also because they and their caregivers were conscientious about putting dentists' orders into practice.

Conclusions

It is implementing suggested oral health behaviours daily, but not merely agreeing with professional advice, that alters the fate of teeth in these resilient patients.
Innovative silicon nanoparticle-based patches for athlete sweat analysis: exploring implications for training optimization
Authors: Ma Zengyu
Published: December 2024

This study introduces a groundbreaking approach in sports science through the development of silicon nanoparticle-enhanced patches for real-time sweat analysis in athletes. Central to this innovation is the synthesis of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) with a 60 nm average diameter, ensuring uniformity and effectiveness in sweat monitoring applications. The patches demonstrate exceptional biocompatibility and robust performance under the demanding conditions of athletic activity. In practical tests, they accurately detected sodium and potassium in sweat, showcasing a linear response with an R2 value close to 1 for concentration measurements. During on-body trials with athletes, the patches effectively monitored Na+ concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 2.95 mM, demonstrating sensitivity suitable for physiological monitoring. Notably, dermatological tests affirmed a 97% rate of non-reactivity among athletes, highlighting the patches’ safety for extended wear during training sessions. This technology marks a substantial leap in athlete monitoring, offering detailed, real-time insights into physiological states for optimizing training regimens and performance assessment.
Leveraging the Louvain algorithm for enhanced group formation and collaboration in online learning environments
Authors: Lee Minkyung , Sharma Priya
Published: December 2024

This study explores the dynamics of student interaction networks within an online asynchronous discussion forum, focusing on both whole group discussions and subgroup interactions distinguished by the Louvain algorithm, a renowned community detection method. Analyzing 2481 posts from 154 undergraduate students across three sections of a communications course centered on discussions about movie clips or social phenomena to enhance media literacy, this research aims to interpret the interaction patterns in these virtual spaces. Traditional methods of group formation, such as teacher intervention and self-selection, often fail to create balanced and effective groups, especially in large online courses. The Louvain algorithm, known for its efficiency in modularity optimization, identifies clusters based on actual student interaction patterns. By leveraging both global and local network analyses, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of interaction structures. The global network analysis offers a macro view of overall interaction structures, revealing diverse patterns despite identical course designs, suggesting the influence of unique group dynamics. The local analysis, focusing on the intricacies of node and edge connections, underscores that the Louvain algorithm's classifications correlate with heightened cohesiveness and collaborative potential. The results indicate that algorithmically detected groups exhibit strong internal communication and cohesiveness, as evidenced by high clustering coefficients, density values, and weighted degrees. These findings underscore the potential of network analysis to optimize online student interactions, providing valuable insights for refining educational design to promote student engagement and collaborative problem-solving. This research highlights the transformative potential of integrating advanced data-driven techniques in educational technology to improve group formation and collaborative learning outcomes, offering empirical insights for educators to enhance online interactions and expand pedagogical understanding.
„Bottoms-up“ portal venous recanalization TIPS (PVR-TIPS) utilizing a re-entry catheter
Authors: Loizides Alexander , Freund Martin , Zoller Heinz , Schäfer Benedikt
Published: December 2024

Background

Three patients with portal hypertension and gastrointestinal bleeding due to non-cirrhotic portal vein thrombosis were treated with portal venous recanalization transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (PVR-TIPS) via a trans-splenic access.

Main body

A “bottoms-up” retrograde puncture of the right hepatic vein was performed using a re-entry catheter to gain access to the right hepatic vein. In all patients a successful retrograde puncture of the right hepatic vein was achieved, thereby restoring the splenoportal tract.

Conclusion

Our cases present an alternative approach to treat chronic portal vein thrombosis expanding the possibilities of the PVR-TIPS procedure.
Evaluating the role of active TGF-β1 as inflammatory biomarker in Kashmiri (North-Indian) patients with systemic sclerosis: a case-control study
Authors: Ayub Sakeena , Shafi Tabasum , Rasool Roohi , Dangroo Mushtaq A. , Bindroo Muzaffar A. , Gull Ayaz , Al-Keridis Lamya Ahmad , Alshammari Nawaf , Saeed Mohd , Shah Zafar Amin
Published: December 2024

Background

As a master immune system regulator, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is closely linked to the complicated pathophysiology and development of systemic sclerosis (SSc), a multisystem fibrotic disease.

Objective

We aim to evaluate the transcriptional levels of TGF-β1 mRNA in PBMCs, assess the TGF-β1 serum levels of SSc patients, and compare them with those of healthy subjects.

Methods

PBMCs were isolated from whole blood of 50 SSc patients and in 30 healthy controls. After total RNA was extracted from isolated PBMCs, complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis was performed. Afterward, the expression of TGF-β1 mRNA was assessed using quantitative real-time PCR using the SYBR Green, GAPDH, and TGF-β1 specific primers. The serum levels of TGF-β1 were determined using a commercially available ELISA kit.

Results

There was a significant upregulation of TGF-β1 relative expression (p < 0.0001), when SSc patients were compared to the control group. The diffuse subgroup was more common in patients with elevated TGF-β1 mRNA expression (p < 0.0001). However, an insignificant difference was observed between the disease subsets of SSc. Serum TGF- β1 levels were upregulated in SSc patients (78.35 ± 23.16) compared to healthy subjects (61.06 ± 15.90), and were considerably higher in SSc patients with ILD (p < 0.01) and positive anti-topo-Isomerase antibody (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

In patients with SSc, elevated levels of TGF-β1 in serum and their correlation with clinical symptoms imply that this cytokine may serve as a marker for fibrotic and vascular involvement in SSc.
Ketupat: a culinary heritage of Indonesia in Eid Al-Fitr tradition
Authors: Setiarto R. Haryo Bimo , Herlina Vika Tresnadiana
Published: December 2024

Indonesia is renowned for its cultural diversity and traditions, which are closely related to religious practices. Among these, the kupatan tradition, a significant Muslim custom, symbolizes gratitude and is prominently observed during major Islamic celebrations, such as Eid Al-Fitr. Ketupat is a typical culinary heritage of this tradition. It is a rice-based dish wrapped in diamond-shaped of young coconut leaves (janur), reflecting a deep cultural and religious connection. This review explores the cultural significance of ketupat from socio-cultural and philosophical perspectives, as well as its cooking methods, physicochemical transformation, shelf-life, and safety aspects. It also addresses the challenges and future prospects for ketupat, including the difficulty of integrating modern technology without losing its cultural essence and the specialized skills required for crafting janur containers. The review suggests that focusing on sustainable production practices, product innovation, efficient processing methods, and effective promotion and marketing strategies could significantly enhance the future outlook for ketupat. This study will provide a crucial basis for future research on ketupat, emphasizing its long-term food value.
Mapping the digitalization in SMEs of Middle East region: trends and insights from bibliometric analysis
Authors: Tripathi Abhishek
Published: December 2024

Digitalization is very important for SMEs in the Middle East in order to remain competitive and sustainable in this region. Therefore, the study aims to examine the digitalization in SMEs of the Middle East region using bibliometric analysis by considering publication trends, top authors, journals, articles, countries, and major keywords. The researchers used the Scopus database for data extraction and VOSViewer for the bibliometric analysis of this study. The findings revealed that countries from the Middle East realized the importance of digitalization after 2015, and the research trend rose after 2019 with highest publication count till 2023–24 in this domain. Furthermore, the bibliometric analysis revealed Saudi Arabia being the most influential country due to the highest numbers of publications in this domain. Rana. N.P., as the most influential author from Qatar, revealed Sustainability (Switzerland) is the most influential journal, while “Digitalization and economic growth: A comparative analysis of sub-Saharan Africa and OECD economies” is the highly cited article, and Digital Transformation is the highly co-occurred keyword in relation to digitalization of SMEs in the Middle East. Based on these findings, the study proposed managerial implications for policymakers in SMEs of the target region, and avenues for future researchers in this domain.
Augmenting the safety and therapeutic efficacy of doxycycline and rifampicin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles against Brucella abortus using murine model
Authors: Himani K. M. , Anbazhagan Subbaiyan , Prakasan Lakshmi , Thomas Prasad , Kumar Akhilesh , Narayanan Krishnaswamy , Singh Praveen , Chaudhuri Pallab
Published: December 2024

Background

Prolonged therapy, hepatic damage, and the development of drug resistance are the limitations of doxycycline and rifampicin in the treatment of brucellosis. This study was designed to assess the effect of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) encapsulation of these antimicrobials against brucella. SLNs were prepared by a double emulsion method and characterized for entrapment efficiency, particle size distribution, drug release, infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. The encapsulated formulations were tested for stability, safety, and in vitro antimicrobial assay on brucella and brucella-infected mice models.

Results

The particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential of doxycycline encapsulated SLN size were 443.6 ± 3.03 nm, 0.858 ± 0.00, and + 26.5 ± 1.87 mV, respectively. The rifampicin SLN showed particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of 348.7 ± 3.35 nm, 0.234 ± 0.00, and + 22.9 ± 1.59 mV. The entrapment efficiency of doxycycline and rifampicin encapsulated SLN was 98% and 96%, respectively. The drug-loaded SLN retained the biophysical properties, drug loading, and entrapment efficiency after storage at 4 °C as well as 25 °C for 6 months. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy depicted effective encapsulation and the Differential scanning colorimetry thermogram revealed a negative interaction of drug and polymer. Drug release parameters were fitted well with the Korsmeyer–Peppas and Hixson–Crowell model (R2 ≥ .09). The MIC findings showed a reduction in MIC values of SLN-encapsulated rifampicin; whereas, doxycycline did not show any changes. The MBC value for free and SLN-encapsulated doxycycline and rifampicin did not show changes. SLN encapsulation did not show any cytotoxicity on murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.76 for both drugs. Doxycycline and rifampicin significantly reduced the CFU of B. abortus compared to the free drug (P > 0.05), resulting in less damage to the liver and kidneys.

Conclusions

The present study concludes that SLN encapsulation of doxycycline and rifampicin would be safe and effective for the prolonged treatment regimen against Brucella infection.

Graphical abstract
Enhancing seismic resilience of steel frames through a novel passive control system with non-buckling metal braces
Authors: Zhao Lanying , Chen Jiahao , Song Huimin
Published: December 2024

In this study, a novel passive control mechanism was proposed to enhance the seismic resilience of steel frames through the implementation of a new bracing system. This system involved the design of a non-buckling metal brace featuring both bean-shaped and rectangular cross-section apertures. Subsequently, the impact of various geometric parameters of this damper on its buckling resistance was investigated through computational simulations conducted using ABAQUS finite element software. The study also evaluated the influence of the new system specifications on the mechanical response of the steel frame. The findings revealed that the first buckling load for the brace with one bean-shaped groove and five bean-shaped grooves was determined to be 1.69 kN and 1.25 kN, respectively. This indicates a 25% reduction in the first buckling load with an increase in the number of bean-shaped grooves from one to three, rendering the brace susceptible to buckling. It gave values for rectangular groove braces as 1.67 kN and 1.06 kN, which is a 36% reduction. Another implication of the study is that the adaptability of the bean-shaped core depends on the individual frames, and an increment in the opening length improves the performance of the rectangular core.
Epidemiological characteristics and prevention and control strategies for Eimeria spp. in sheep and goats in China: a systematic review
Authors: Liu Manyu , Li Senyang , Huang Shucheng , Zhang Longxian , Jian Fuchun
Published: December 2024

Sheep and goat coccidiosis has a worldwide distribution and is an important disease on lambing farms. Infection with multiple Eimeria species can lead to severe intestinal damage in sheep/goats and economic losses on farms. Disease is a serious constraint to the healthy development of small ruminant farming. Studies published on PubMed, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang and the resulting references of selected studies were included. Risk factors affecting prevalence were analyzed and stratified by geographic location and climatic variables, age, sex, feeding model, season, sample year, breeds and environment. The total prevalence of coccidia in sheep and goats reached more than 60% in most regions, in which the dominant species in sheep were mainly E. parva, E. ovinoidalis, and E. parva and E. ahsata. East China had the lowest prevalence of coccidia infection in sheep (43.24%), and the dominant species were different from those in the other regions, mainly E. bakuensis and E. gonzalezi. Southwestern China and Central China had slightly less than 40.0% goat coccidia infection, and the dominant species in goats were mainly E. arloingi, E. aligevi, E. hirci and E. ninakohlyakimovae. Sheep/goats of different ages can be infected with coccidiosis, but lambs between 1 and 3 months of age are more susceptible to the disease. When lambs become infected, the pathogen spreads rapidly throughout the herd. Spring, summer and autumn are the seasons with a high incidence of this disease. Environmental pollution may be a significant factor in the development of coccidiosis in sheep raised in large-scale housing. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the species, morphology and geographic distribution of Eimeria species in sheep and goats, summary prevalence in different regions of China, risk factors affecting prevalence, and prevention and control strategies.
Altered Microbiome Signature in Cushing's Syndrome Persists Beyond Remission
Authors: Rubinstein German , Lagkouvardos Ilias , Intze Evangelia , Osswald Andrea , Zopp Stephanie , Braun Leah Theresa , Albani Adriana , Künzel Heike , Riester Anna , Beuschlein Felix , Reincke Martin , Ritzel Katrin
Published: December 2024

Context

Patients with Cushing's syndrome (CS) suffer from metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities caused by hypercortisolism. The human gut microbiome responds to different pathological conditions.

Objective

The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of chronic endogenous cortisol excess on the gut microbiome.

Methods

We prospectively recruited 18 patients with endogenous CS of different etiologies (mainly pituitary CS, n = 13). Patients provided a stool sample during active CS and 1 to 2 years after successful surgical treatment being in biochemical remission. In addition, 36 patients, in whom CS was excluded, served as an obese control group and 108 samples from healthy lean students were used as a reference group. Amplicons of the V3/V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene, from every sample, were sequenced and clustered into operational taxonomic units. The microbial profiles of CS patients were then compared to the control and reference groups using R scripts.

Results

In comparison to lean references, the gut microbiome of patients with florid CS demonstrated a disturbed microbial profile. Microbial dysbiosis of patients with CS was maintained even after biochemical remission following curative surgery.

Conclusion

Patients with CS have a distinct and disturbed gut microbiome that persists even after surgery, indicating a possible target for additional probiotic interventions to accelerate convergence to a healthy microbiome.
GLP-1 and Its Analogs: Does Sex Matter?
Authors: Börchers Stina , Skibicka Karolina P
Published: December 2024

While obesity and diabetes are prevalent in both men and women, some aspects of these diseases differ by sex. A new blockbuster class of therapeutics, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogs (eg, semaglutide), shows promise at curbing both diseases. This review addresses the topic of sex differences in the endogenous and therapeutic actions of GLP-1 and its analogs. Work on sex differences in human studies and animal research is reviewed. Preclinical data on the mechanisms of potential sex differences in the endogenous GLP-1 system as well as the therapeutic effect of GLP-1 analogs, focusing on the effects of the drugs on the brain and behavior relating to appetite and metabolism, are highlighted. Moreover, recent clinical evidence of sex differences in the therapeutic effects of GLP-1 analogs in obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease are discussed. Lastly, we review evidence for the role of GLP-1 analogs in mood and reproductive function, with particular attention to sex differences. Overall, while we did not find evidence for many qualitative sex differences in the therapeutic effect of clinically approved GLP-1 analogs, a growing body of literature highlights quantitative sex differences in the response to GLP-1 and its analogs as well as an interaction of these therapeutics with estrogens. What also clearly emerges is the paucity of data in female animal models or women in very basic aspects of the science of GLP-1—gaps that should be urgently mended, given the growing popularity of these medications, especially in women.