bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intravenous Thrombolysis 4.5–9 Hours After Stroke Onset: A Cohort Study from the TRISP Collaboration
Authors: Altersberger Valerian L. , Sibolt Gerli , Enz Lukas S. , Hametner Christian , Scheitz Jan F. , Henon Hilde , Bigliardi Guido , Strambo Davide , Martinez‐Majander Nicolas , Stolze Lotte J. , Heldner Mirjam R. , Grisendi Ilaria , Jovanovic Dejana R. , Bejot Yannick , Pezzini Alessandro , Leker Ronen R. , Kägi Georg , Wegener Susanne , Cereda Carlo W. , Ntaios Georges , De Marchis Gian Marco , Bonati Leo H. , Psychogios Marios , Lyrer Philippe , Räty Silja , Tiainen Marjaana , Wouters Anke , Caparros François , Heyse Miriam , Erdur Hebun , Padjen Visnja , Zedde Marialuisa , Arnold Marcel , Nederkoorn Paul J. , Michel Patrik , Zini Andrea , Cordonnier Charlotte , Nolte Christian H. , Ringleb Peter A. , Curtze Sami , Engelter Stefan T. , Gensicke Henrik ,   the TRISP collaborators
Published: April 2023

Objective

To investigate the safety and effectiveness of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) >4.5–9 hours after stroke onset, and the relevance of advanced neuroimaging for patient selection.

Methods

Prospective multicenter cohort study from the ThRombolysis in Ischemic Stroke Patients (TRISP) collaboration. Outcomes were symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, poor 3‐month functional outcome (modified Rankin scale 3–6) and mortality. We compared: (i) IVT >4.5–9 hours versus 0–4.5 hours after stroke onset and (ii) within the >4.5–9 hours group baseline advanced neuroimaging (computed tomography perfusion, magnetic resonance perfusion or magnetic resonance diffusion‐weighted imaging fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery) versus non‐advanced neuroimaging.

Results

Of 15,827 patients, 663 (4.2%) received IVT >4.5–9 hours and 15,164 (95.8%) within 4.5 hours after stroke onset. The main baseline characteristics were evenly distributed between both groups. Time of stroke onset was known in 74.9% of patients treated between >4.5 and 9 hours. Using propensity score weighted binary logistic regression analysis (onset‐to‐treatment time >4.5–9 hours vs onset‐to‐treatment time 0–4.5 hours), the probability of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (ORadjusted 0.80, 95% CI 0.53–1.17), poor functional outcome (ORadjusted 1.01, 95% CI 0.83–1.22), and mortality (ORadjusted 0.80, 95% CI 0.61–1.04) did not differ significantly between both groups. In patients treated between >4.5 and 9 hours, the use of advanced neuroimaging was associated with a 50% lower mortality compared with non‐advanced imaging only (9.9% vs 19.7%; ORadjusted 0.51, 95% CI 0.33–0.79).

Interpretation

This study showed no evidence in difference of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, poor outcome, and mortality in selected stroke patients treated with IVT between >4.5 and 9 hours after stroke onset compared with those treated within 4.5 hours. Advanced neuroimaging for patient selection was associated with lower mortality. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:309–320
Discovery and Biosynthesis of Cihunamides, Macrocyclic Antibacterial RiPPs with a Unique C−N Linkage Formed by CYP450 Catalysis
Authors: An Joon Soo , Lee Hyunbin , Kim Hyungyu , Woo Seungyeon , Nam Hyunsung , Lee Jayho , Lee Ji Yun , Nam Sang‐Jip , Lee Sang Kook , Oh Ki‐Bong , Kim Seokhee , Oh Dong‐Chan
Published: April 2023

Cihunamides A–D (1–4), novel antibacterial RiPPs, were isolated from volcanic‐island‐derived Streptomyces sp. The structures of 1–4 were elucidated by 1H, 13C, and 15N NMR, MS, and chemical derivatization; they contain a tetrapeptide core composed of WNIW, cyclized by a unique C−N linkage between two Trp units. Genome mining of the producer strain revealed two biosynthetic genes encoding a cytochrome P450 enzyme and a precursor peptide. Heterologous co‐expression of the core genes demonstrated the biosynthesis of cihunamides through P450‐mediated oxidative Trp‐Trp cross‐linking. Further bioinformatic analysis uncovered 252 homologous gene clusters, including that of tryptorubins, which possess a distinct Trp‐Trp linkage. Cihunamides do not display the non‐canonical atropisomerism shown in tryptorubins, which are the founding members of the “atropitide” family. Therefore, we propose to use a new RiPP family name, “bitryptides”, for cihunamides, tryptorubins, and their congeners, wherein the Trp‐Trp linkages define the structural class rather than non‐canonical atropisomerism.
Self‐Polarization Triggered Multiple Polar Units Toward Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Ethanol with High Selectivity
Authors: Zhang Yangyang , Chen Yanxu , Wang Xiaowen , Feng Yafei , Zhang Huaikun , Zhang Genqiang
Published: April 2023

Electrochemical conversion of CO2 to highly valuable ethanol has been considered a intriguring strategy for carbon neutruality. However, the slow kinetics of coupling carbon‐carbon (C−C) bonds, especially the low selectivity ethanol than ethylene in neutral conditions, is a significant challenge. Herein, the asymmetrical refinement structure with enhanced charge polarization is built in the vertically oriented bimetallic organic frameworks (NiCu‐MOF) nanorod array with encapsulated Cu2O (Cu2O@MOF/CF), which can induce an intensive internal electric field to increase the C−C coupling for producing ethanol in neutral electrolyte. Particularly, when directly employed Cu2O@MOF/CF as the self‐supporting electrode, the ethanol faradaic efficiency (FEethanol) could reach maximum 44.3 % with an energy efficiency of 27 % at a low working‐potential of −0.615 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (vs. RHE) using CO2‐saturated 0.5 M KHCO3 as the electrolyte. Experimental and theoretical studies suggest that the polarization of atomically localized electric fields derived from the asymmetric electron distribution can tune the moderate adsorption of *CO to assist the C−C coupling and reduce the formation energy of H2CCHO*‐to‐*OCHCH3 for the generation of ethanol. Our research offers a reference for the design of highly active and selective electrocatalysts for reducing CO2 to multicarbon chemicals.
Sodium Carbazolide and Derivatives as Solid‐State Electrolytes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yu Yang , Wang Jintao , Qin Zhaoxian , Lv Yingtong , Pei Qijun , Chen Tan Khai , Zhang Tengfei , Wu Anan , He Teng , Wu Hui , Lipton Andrew S. , Chen Ping
Published: April 2023

Replacing widely used organic liquid electrolytes with solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) could effectively solve the safety issues in sodium‐ion batteries. Efforts on seeking novel solid‐state electrolytes have been continued for decades. However, issues about SSEs still exist, such as low ionic conductivity at ambient temperature, difficulty in manufacturing, low electrochemical stability, poor compatibility with electrodes, etc. Here, sodium carbazolide (Na‐CZ) and its THF‐coordinated derivatives are rationally fabricated as Na+ conductors, and two of their crystal structures are successfully solved. Among these materials, THF‐coordinated complexes exhibit fast Na+ conductivities, i.e., 1.20×10−4 S cm−1 and 1.95×10−3 S cm−1 at 90 °C for Na‐CZ‐1THF and Na‐CZ‐2THF, respectively, which are among the top Na+ conductors under the same condition. Furthermore, stable Na plating/stripping is observed even over 400 h cycling, showing outstanding interfacial stability and compatibility against Na electrode. More advantages such as ease of synthesis, low‐cost, and cold pressing for molding can be obtained. In situ NMR results revealed that the evaporation of THF may play an essential role in the Na+ migration, where the movement of THF creates defects/vacancies and facilitates the migration of Na+.
Who Binds Better? Let Alphafold2 Decide!
Authors: Varga Julia K. , Schueler‐Furman Ora
Published: April 2023

Deep learning is revolutionizing structural biology to an unprecedented extent. Spearheaded by DeepMind's Alphafold2, structural models of high quality can be generated, and are now available for most known proteins and many protein interactions. The next challenge will be to leverage this rich structural corpus to learn about binding: which protein can contact which partner(s), and at what affinity? In a recent study, Chang and Perez have presented an elegant approach towards this challenging goal for interactions that involve a short peptide binding to its receptor. The basic idea is straightforward: given a receptor that binds to two peptides, if the receptor sequence is presented with both peptides together at the same time, AlphaFold2 should model the tighter binding peptide into the binding site, while excluding the second. A simple idea that works!
Influence of the Time Scale on the Reaction Mechanism of CO Oxidation over a Au/TiO2 Catalyst
Authors: Wang Xianwei , Bürgi Thomas
Published: April 2023

Knowledge of the reaction mechanism is key for rational catalyst improvement. Traditionally mechanistic studies focus on structure and the reaction conditions like temperature, pH, pressure, etc., whereas the time dimension is often overlooked. Here, we demonstrate the influence of time on the mechanism of a catalytic reaction. A dual catalytic mechanism was identified for the CO oxidation over Au/TiO2 by time‐resolved infrared spectroscopy coupled with modulation excitation spectroscopy. During the first seconds, CO on the gold particles is the only reactive species. As the reaction proceeds, the redox properties of TiO2 dominate the catalytic activity through electronic metal‐support interaction (EMSI). CO induces the reduction and reconstruction of TiO2 whereas oxygen leads to its oxidation. The activity of the catalyst follows the spectroscopic signature of the EMSI. These findings demonstrate the power of studying short‐time kinetics for mechanistic studies.
Pore Size Modulation in Flexible Metal‐Organic Framework Enabling High Performance Gas Sensing
Authors: Wang Chuan‐Zhe , Chen Jie , Li Qiao‐Hong , Wang Guan‐E , Ye Xiao‐Liang , Lv Jia , Xu Gang
Published: April 2023

Pore size plays a critical role in determining the performance of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) in catalysis, sensing, and gas storage or separation. However, revealing the pore‐size/property relationship remains extremely challenging because ideal structure models possessing different pore sizes but having the same components are lacking. In this work, a solvent‐coordination directed structure swelling method was developed for modulating the ratio between the large and narrow pore phases of a flexible MOF, MIL‐88B. Pore‐size‐dependent gas sensitivity and selectivity were studied for the first time in the MIL‐88B samples. The optimized MIL‐88B‐20 % sample showed one of the best sensing performances among all the reported MOF‐based H2S‐sensing materials. This work not only provides a method to synthesize ideal structure models for revealing the relationship between pore‐size and properties, but also may inspire the development of high‐performance gas sensing materials.
Trialkoxysilane Exchange: Scope, Mechanism, Cryptates and pH‐Response
Authors: Hollstein Selina , Erdmann Philipp , Ulmer Andreas , Löw Henrik , Greb Lutz , von Delius Max
Published: April 2023

The dynamic covalent chemistry (DCvC) of the Si−O bond holds unique opportunities, but has rarely been employed to assemble discrete molecular architectures. This may be due to the harsh conditions required to initiate exchange reactions at silicon in aprotic solvents. Herein, we provide a comprehensive experimental and computational account on the reaction of trialkoxysilanes with alcohols and identify mild conditions for rapid exchange in aprotic solvents. Substituent, solvent and salt effects are uncovered, understood and exploited for the construction of sila‐orthoester cryptates. A sharp, divergent pH‐response of the obtained cages renders this substance class attractive for future applications well beyond host‐guest chemistry, for instance, in drug delivery.
Performance and application of microbial fuel cells with sodium alginate/agar/activated carbon composite as efficient biocompatible anode
Authors: Zhu Pengcheng , Zhuo Shumin , Zhang Weiying , Ying Xiaoguang , Huang Jianying , Li Xiao
Published: April 2023

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a potential biotechnology for simultaneous degradation of organic wastewater and power generation. In this paper, a biocompatible composite is constructed around a copper mesh with sodium alginate/agar and activated carbon (CM‐SA/AC) and acts as an efficient anode for MFCs after being microbe immobilized. The power performance of the MFC with CM‐SA/AC anode is investigated. The results show that the addition of activated carbon is conducive to the immobilization of bacteria on CM‐SA/AC anode and fast start‐up of MFCs. The power density reaches 1088.6 mW/m2, which is 2.03 times and 1.75 times that of CM‐SA (without activated carbon) anode and carbon felt anode, respectively. In case of a candied wastewater treatment, the MFC with immobilized CM‐SA/AC anode exhibits a much higher power density (724.5 mW/m2) than that with carbon felt anode (145.0 mW/m2), together with a longer stabilization time and a smaller charge‐transfer resistance. The total removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD) reaches 79.4 ± 0.65%. The present study will facilitate the development of inexpensive and biocompatible anodes to facilitate the application of MFCs in wastewater treatment.
Fabrication of Ce‐doped Hollow NiCo2O4Nanoprisms with Heterointerface from MOF‐Engaged Strategy for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Liu Qingyi , Kang Fuyun , He Tianyu , Liu Liangliang , Tang Yu
Published: April 2023

The reasonable design and controlled synthesis of efficient and hollow nanocatalysts with plentiful heterointerface and fully exposed active sites to accelerate the electron transfer and mass transfer process for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is highly desirable for water splitting by electrolysis. Herein, a metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐engaged strategy is developed to prepare Ce‐doped hollow mesoporous NiCo2O4nanoprisms (NiCo2O4/CeO2HNPs) for enhanced OER. Due to the advanced synthesis strategy generating a large number of interfaces between NiCo2O4and CeO2, as well as modulated electrons of the active center by the synergistic action of multi‐metals, the obtained catalyst exhibits excellent OER performance with a small overpotential of 290 mV at current density (J) of 10 mA cm−2. Spinel/Perovskite hollow nanoprisms synthesized by a similar way demonstrates the versatility of our strategy. This work may provide new insights into the development of rare earth‐doped hollow polymetallic spinel oxide catalysts.
Real‐time game‐theoretic model predictive control for differential game of target defense
Authors: Sani Mukhtar , Hably Ahmad , Robu Bogdan , Dumon Jonathan
Published: April 2023

This paper evaluates experimentally a novel strategy for solving a variant of the differential game of target defense in presence of obstacles. The game is widely applied in the areas of military defense for protecting important equipment such as a ship, an aircraft, a moving vehicle, or a sensitive installation from a malicious attacker. The state‐of‐the‐art approaches mostly employ an offline optimization strategy that is only applicable to holonomic robots. Moreover, most of the approaches could not autonomously avoid obstacles or take into account uncertainties. As a consequence, this paper presents an online optimization technique, by designing a trade‐off parameter that integrates game theory with the model predictive control, which allows a nonholonomic defender to intercept the attacker while simultaneously defending the target. Simulations under different conditions as well as several indoor laboratory experiments validate the proposed approach. Moreover, performance is compared with a standard model predictive control approach.
Planung und Neubau einer Straßenbrücke aus Carbonbeton – Carbonbeton „The Next Step“
Authors: Lorenz Enrico , Peter Alexander , May Sebastian , Bösche Thomas
Published: April 2023

In der ostsächsischen Ortschaft Wurschen (Landkreis Bautzen) wurde im Jahr 2021 Sachsens erste Straßenbrücke aus Carbonbeton errichtet. Durch den Einsatz der neuartigen Carbonbetonbauweise sollen der Erhaltungsaufwand sowie die Wartungszyklen für Brückenbauwerke verringert und die Nutzungsdauer gegenüber dem heutigen Brückenbestand aus Stahlbeton deutlich gesteigert werden. Die hochzugfesten und unter den nutzbaren Spannungsbereichen nahezu ermüdungsresistenten Carbonbewehrungen sind hierbei aufgrund ihrer Beständigkeit gegenüber Bewehrungskorrosion für den Einsatz im Bereich des Brückenbaus prädestiniert. Die Planung des Bauwerks wurde unter Beachtung der im Rahmen der langjährigen Forschungen der Institute für Massivbau der Technischen Universität Dresden und der Rheinisch‐Westfälisch Technischen Hochschule Aachen ermittelten Bemessungs‐ und Konstruktionsgrundlagen durchgeführt. Die bauliche Umsetzung der Baumaßnahme erfolgte in Ortbetonbauweise unter Verwendung von Carbonflächenbewehrungen (Carbongittern), Carbonstabbewehrungen und üblichen Konstruktionsbetonen. Im Anschluss an die erfolgreiche Fertigstellung des Bauwerks konnte die Tragfähigkeit der Straßenbrücke aus Carbonbeton durch Belastungsversuche mit einem umfangreichen Messprogramm bestätigt werden. Die planmäßige Verkehrsfreigabe des Bauwerks erfolgte im Dezember 2021.
Sulfones Bearing Perfluorinated Pyridine Group: Synthesis and Photocatalytic Reaction with α‐(Trifluoromethyl)styrenes
Authors: Savchenko Artem G. , Zubkov Mikhail O. , Kokorekin Vladimir A. , Hu Jinbo , Dilman Alexander D.
Published: April 2023

A photocatalytic protocol for the reductive coupling of tetrafluoropyridyl‐substituted sulfones with α‐(trifluoromethyl)styrenes in the presence of zinc and sodium iodide is reported. Sulfones were obtained by oxidation of the corresponding sulfides catalyzed by molybdenum or ruthenium salts. A combination of sulfonyl fragment and electron depleting fluorinated pyridyl group is a key feature determined properties of these sulfones. Their propensity to undergo single electron reduction and to form electron donor‐acceptor complexes with N‐arylamines were evaluated. Plausible pathways of fragmentation of radical anion generated after single electron reduction of sulfones were analyzed, and the pathway leading to the formation of the alkyl radical and the sulfinate anion was found preferable.
Synthesis of Tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines by a Manganese‐Catalysed Oxidative Pictet–Spengler Reaction
Authors: Shao Zhihui , Zhang Xiaoyu , Li Xinyan , Wang Weilin , Ding Jiaqiao , Cui Bing , Zhao Mingqin
Published: April 2023

Herein, an efficient and green procedure for the synthesis of tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines via dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols with tryptamines is reported. The reaction was carried out under mild conditions in the presence of a catalytic amount of the iPrPNP−Mn catalyst and a weak base (Na2CO3). This method tolerated a variety of benzylic and aliphatic alcohol substrates with different functional groups and afforded diverse products in good to excellent isolated yields using tryptamines. Using this strategy, we successfully synthesised pharmaceutical molecules harman, harmaline, and harmine in a concise manner.
Trinuclear PdII Complexes with a C3‐Symmetric Triethynylbenzene‐Based Tris‐NHC Ligand: Catalytic Benefits
Authors: Mondal Bhaskar , Naskar Rajat , Dey Aditya , Sinha Narayan , Hahn F. Ekkehardt , Maity Ramananda
Published: April 2023

A new C3‐symmetric tris‐imidazolium tribromide salt 3, featuring 1,3,5‐substituted triethynylbenzene, was used for the preparation of a trinuclear PdII pyridine‐enhanced precatalyst preparation stabilization and initiation‐type (PEPPSI) complex by triple C2 deprotonation followed by the addition of PdCl2. Trinuclear PdII complex possessing a combination of NHC and PPh3 ligands has also been synthesized. The corresponding mononuclear palladium(II) complexes have also been synthesized for the comparison purpose. All these complexes have been characterized by using NMR spectroscopy and ESI mass spectrometry. The molecular structure of the trinuclear palladium(II) complex bearing mixed carbene and pyridine donor ligands has been established by using single crystal XRD. All the palladium(II) complexes have been used as pre‐catalysts, which gave good to excellent yields in intermolecular α‐arylation of 1‐methyl‐2‐oxindole and Sonogashira coupling reaction. Catalytic studies indicate an enhanced activity of the trinuclear PdII complex in comparison to the corresponding mononuclear PdII complex for both catalytic transformations. The better performance of the trinuclear complex has also been further supported by preliminary electrochemical measurements. A negative mercury poison test was observed for both the aforementioned catalyses and therefore, it is likely that these organic transformations proceed homogeneously.
A Transparent, Healable and Recyclable Alicyclic Poly(ether‐b‐amide) Multiblock Copolymer with Ultrahigh Toughness
Authors: Lu Weijian , Zhu Ping , Zhao Ying , Wang Dujin , Dong Xia
Published: April 2023

Self‐healing polyamide multiblock copolymer with robust mechanical properties is highly desired. Here, an alicyclic diamine monomer, isophoronediamine (IPDA), with asymmetric structure and substantial steric hindrance was incorporated into the backbone of poly(ether‐b‐amide) multiblock copolymer. Based on the phase‐lock effect, the mechanical properties and segmental mobility of copolymers can be modulated on a large scale via adjusting the molecular weight of hard segments. An extraordinary tensile strength of 32.0 MPa and an excellent elongation at break of 1881 % were simultaneously achieved, which leaded to a record‐high toughness of 328.9 MJ m−3 for self‐healable polyamide elastomers. The synergism between the dynamic H‐bonding networks and the diffusion of polymer chains contributed to a balance between the mechanical performance and self‐healing efficiency of copolymers. Due to the adjustable mechanical performance, rapid scratch self‐healing ability and superior impact resistance, the resultant copolymers showed great potential in the fields of protective coatings and soft electronics.
Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry With Collision Induced Dissociation of Uranyl Peroxide Nanoclusters Containing Various Uranyl Bridging Ligands
Authors: Rodriguez Virginia G. , Burns Peter C.
Published: April 2023

Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry with collision‐induced dissociation (ESI‐MS/MS) was utilized to study the gas phase fragmentation of uranyl peroxide nanoclusters with hydroxo, peroxo, oxalate, and pyrophosphate bridging ligands. These nanoclusters fragment into uranium monomers and dimers with mass‐to‐charge (m/z) ratios in the 280–380 region. The gas phase fragmentation of each cluster studied yields a distinct UO6− anion attributed to the cleavage of a uranyl ion bound to 2 peroxide groups, along with other anions that can be attributed to the initial composition of the nanoclusters.
Etheno‐bridged Azaacene Spiro Dimers
Authors: Ahrens Lukas , Rominger Frank , Freudenberg Jan , Bunz Uwe H. F.
Published: April 2023

We present the synthesis of two sets of spiro‐connected azaacene dimers. Their geometry and electronic coupling are critically determined by a secondary linker, i. e., an etheno‐ and an ethano‐bridge. The core fragment of the etheno‐bridged dimer corresponds to a conformationally locked cis‐stilbene. Optoelectronic properties, single crystal X‐ray structures and stability with respect to oxidation of the conjugated and non‐conjugated dimers are reported and compared. The conjugated dimers exhibit smaller optical gaps and bathochromically shifted absorption maxima, but are prone to unexpected oxygen addition, dearomatizing one of the azaacene substituents.
Historical pesticide applications for the treatment of eastern spruce budworm infestations in New Brunswick
Authors: Heartz Shane , MacLean David A. , Johns Rob C. , Carleton Drew , Amos‐Binks Luke , Anderson Quinn , Yu Yue , Lewis Andrew D. , Lavigne Dan , Burant Joseph B. , Edge Christopher B.
Published: April 2023

Pesticides have been used in Canada since 1945 as part of large‐scale aerial spray applications to control insect pests on forested lands. Some of the pesticides used historically were efficacious, nonselective, persistent, and have led to serious impacts on the environment. A well known, and extensively documented example is the large‐scale aerial spray programs in New Brunswick, Canada. From 1952 to 1993, 97% of the 6.2 million ha of the forested lands of New Brunswick were treated with at least one application of one insecticide, the majority of which were applied to control outbreaks of eastern spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana). The most well known insecticide was dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), applied from 1952 to 1968, which still persists in treated soils and adjacent water bodies, and caused the individual and cumulative ecosystem effects that can still be measured today. The insecticides that replaced DDT were nonpersistent and unlikely to be found today. However, during the years of application some of the insecticides were likely to have impacted local ecosystems to some degree. To aid future studies on the efficacy and environmental impact of these insecticides we created a digital spatial data set of known pesticide application in New Brunswick forestry from 1952 to 1993. The data set includes active ingredient, formulation, application rate, tank mix, aircraft type, and other ancillary information. The current version of the data is available on the New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources and Energy Development, GIS Open Data Page and in the supplemental material. Use of the data set for academic and educational purposes is encouraged, provided that both this data paper and the data source are properly cited; the Government of New Brunswick should be acknowledged as the data source (Open Government License http://www.snb.ca/e/2000/data-E.html).
Advances in electrolyzer design and development for electrochemical CO2 reduction
Authors: He Ruinan , Xu Nengneng , Hasan Israr Masood ul , Peng Luwei , Li Lulu , Huang Haitao , Qiao Jinli
Published: April 2023

In view of global energy transition and environmental issues, electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to high value‐added chemicals by using clean renewable electricity, as an advanced carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technology, demonstrates a promising approach to reach the carbon neutrality with additional economic benefits as well. Over the past decade, various new valid catalysts in electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECO2R) have been designed and intensively investigated. Unfortunately, constructing appropriate ECO2R electrolyzer with high conversion rate and long‐term stability to unleash the full potential benefits of electrocatalysts remains a recognized challenge, especially as it has not yet attracted attention. This review summarizes the progress of ECO2R reactor and their corresponding structure characteristics/ electrochemical performance. Besides, the current challenges and bottlenecks of CO2RR reactor are discussed. We aim to introduce the advances in ECO2R electrolyzer in detail to offer enlightenment for large‐scale industrial application of ECO2R.

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Social acceptance of policy instrument design during times of crisis
Authors: Fossati Flavia , Trein Philipp
Published: April 2023

Disasters create challenges for governments as they need to design effective and legitimate policy instruments to deal with the crisis. In this paper, we analyze social acceptance of regulations and financial investments in crisis governance, taking the example of the COVID‐19 pandemic. By using data from two survey experiments in Switzerland, we show that respondents support rules that temporarily centralize decision‐making power to the national level but object to regulations that would make contact tracing efforts mandatory. The data shows also that citizens support financial investments of tax money to prevent future crises. Those who are afraid of the health consequences of the crisis are especially favorable to stricter regulations and financial investment, whereas economic worries related to the crisis specifically and political ideology in general barely explain variance in support for crisis responses. In general, this research contributes to our understanding of how survey experiments can be used to analyze social acceptance of policy instrument design.
A risk‐targeted seismic performance assessment of elephant‐foot buckling in walls of unanchored steel storage tanks
Authors: Vasquez Munoz Luz Elizabeth , Dolšek Matjaž
Published: April 2023

Unanchored steel storage tanks are used in industrial plants to store oil and other petrochemical liquids. In a major earthquake, such tanks may sustain different types of damage, including elasto‐plastic buckling in the shape of an elephant's foot, which is the object of the research. The methodology introduced in this paper consists of cloud‐based 1D site response analysis (SRA) and pushover‐based seismic performance assessment of the tank wall using a 3D non‐linear model of the tank. The SRA, which considers the recorded ground motions on the rock outcrop and the sample of interval shear‐wave velocity profiles, is carried out to estimate spectral accelerations at the tank impulsive period. By adopting the code‐based model of hydrodynamic pressures, the seismic demand on the tank wall is then calculated by pushover analysis. The risk‐targeted decision model is used for safety verification. The proposed methodology is demonstrated through an example of a large liquid storage tank for which it is shown that the fragility function for peak ground acceleration at the rock outcrop is on the left side of the target fragility function, indicating that the tank cannot be considered safe from elephant‐foot buckling. The introduced assessment process is relatively simple if the cloud‐based SRA is automated. However, further experimental and numerical investigations are required to confirm the validity range of the pushover analysis for the seismic performance assessment of tanks.
Lacking time: A case study of student and faculty perceptions of academic workload in the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Hilliger Isabel , Astudillo Gabriel , Baier Jorge
Published: April 2023

Background

To avoid the spread of COVID‐19, most engineering programs rapidly shifted to emergency online education, and prior research has associated online education with academic overload. Before the pandemic, engineering curricula were already packed with content and course assignments, so more studies should explore how the unprecedented conditions of remote learning affected the intensive academic workload of engineering programs.

Purpose/Hypothesis

This study addresses the following research question: How did the COVID‐19 pandemic affect the perceptions of engineering instructors and students regarding their academic workload? Thus, the main research objective is to explore the influence of COVID‐19 on the perceived academic workload, extrapolating lessons learned for engineering education settings.

Design/Method

During 2020, we developed a single‐case study to understand academic workload in 22 engineering majors at a large Latin American university. We triangulated different sources of institutional and research‐focused evidence, including two instructor surveys (n = 110), two student surveys (n = 2218), two student focus groups (n = 18), and workload measurement surveys (n = 3131).

Results

Both instructors and students experienced academic overload since the outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Throughout the first year, instructors became capable of accommodating course activities and assignments to students' particular circumstances. Regardless of these efforts, students continue perceiving academic overload, particularly affecting those who experience connectivity issues or frequent problems with their personal computer or tablet.

Conclusions

Further efforts are needed to support course planning and self‐regulated learning in engineering education. In these lines, lessons learned were captured and shared to inform engineering education research and practice beyond the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Clinical guideline highlights for the hospitalist: The use of blended diets in children with enteral feeding tubes
Authors: Carpenter Ariel , Pfarr Marie A.
Published: April 2023

GUIDELINE TITLE: The Use of Blended Diets in Children With Enteral Feeding Tubes: A Joint Position Paper of the ESPGHAN Committees of Allied Health Professionals and Nutrition

RELEASE DATE: January 1, 2023

PRIOR VERSION(S): n/a

DEVELOPER: ESPGHAN Committees of Allied Health Professionals and Nutrition

FUNDING SOURCE: ESPGHAN Committees of Allied Health Professionals and Nutrition

TARGET POPULATION: Pediatricians, Pediatric Hospitalist
Thermosensitive Microneedles Capable of On Demand Insulin Release for Precise Diabetes Treatment
Authors: Jiang Sihao , Bian Jiayi , Shi Xintong , Hu Yong
Published: April 2023

As a novel painless and minimally invasive transdermal drug delivery method, microneedles have solved the challenges of microbial infection and tissue necrosis associated with multiple subcutaneous injections in patients with diabetes. However, traditional soluble microneedles cannot switch drug release on and off according to the patient's needs during long‐term use, which is one of the most critical elements of diabetes treatment. Herein, an insoluble thermosensitive microneedle (ITMN) that can control the release of insulin by adjusting the temperature, enabling the precise treatment of diabetes is designed. Thermosensitive microneedles are produced by in situ photopolymerization of the temperature‐sensitive compound N‐isopropylacrylamide with the hydrophilic monomer N‐vinylpyrrolidone, which is encapsulated with insulin and bound to a mini‐heating membrane. ITMN are demonstrated to have good mechanical strength and temperature sensitivity, can release significantly different insulin doses at different temperatures, and effectively regulate blood glucose in type I diabetic mice. Therefore, the ITMN provides a possibility for intelligent and convenient on‐demand drug delivery for patients with diabetes, and when combined with blood glucose testing devices, it has the potential to form an integrated and precise closed‐loop treatment for diabetes, which is of great importance in diabetes management.
Memantine Use and Cognitive Decline in Huntington's Disease: An Enroll‐HD Study
Authors: Ogilvie Amy C. , Schultz Jordan L.
Published: April 2023

Background

Memantine is an N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that is used to treat moderate to severe Alzheimer's Dementia (AD) and has been speculated to provide clinical benefits in Huntington's disease (HD).

Objective

To assess the effectiveness of memantine on the trajectory of cognitive decline in individuals with manifest HD.

Methods

Using participants from the Enroll‐HD study, the primary analysis compared trajectories in cognition over a 5‐year period using linear mixed effect models of prevalent and incident memantine users who were propensity‐score‐matched with non‐users on measures of disease progression and demographics.

Results

In the primary analysis there were no significant differences in the trajectories between memantine users and non‐users on any primary outcomes of interest.

Conclusions

Memantine use was not associated with any clinical benefit for individuals with manifest HD. Further studies are warranted to assess the impact of memantine on clinical outcomes in HD.
Early intervention program tackles MH issues in older adults
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: April 2023

Observing that older adults have high rates of late‐onset mental health challenges, like anxiety and depression, and low rates of identification and treatment, Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) for Older Adults continues to move forward following a program update late last year.
Technical note: Delivery benefit and dosimetric implication of synchrotron‐based proton pencil beam scanning using continuous scanning mode
Authors: Liang Xiaoying , Beltran Chris J. , Liu Chunbo , Shen Jiajian , Li Heng , Furutani Keith M.
Published: April 2023

Background

Discrete spot scanning (DSS) is the commonly used method for proton pencil beam scanning (PBS). There is lack of data on the dose‐driven continuous scanning (DDCS).

Purpose

To investigate delivery benefits and dosimetric implications of DDCS versus DSS for PBS systems.

Methods

The irradiation duty factor, beam delivery time (BDT), and dose deviation were simulated for eight treatment plans in prostate, head and neck, liver, and lung, with both conventional fractionation and hypofractionation schemes. DDCS results were compared with those of DSS.

Results

The DDCS irradiation duty factor (range, 11%–41%) was appreciably improved compared to DSS delivery (range, 4%–14%), within which, hypofractionation schemes had greater improvement than conventional fractionation. With decreasing stop ratio constraints, the DDCS BDT reduction was greater, but dose deviation also increased. With stop ratio constraints of 2, 1, 0.5, and 0, DDCS BDT reduction reached to 6%, 10%, 12%, and 15%, respectively, and dose deviation reached to 0.6%, 1.7%, 3.0%, and 5.2% root mean square error in PTV DVH, respectively. The 3%/2‐mm gamma passing rate was greater than 99% with stop ratio constraints of 2 and 1, and greater than 95% with a stop ratio of 0.5. When the stop ratio constraint was removed, five of the eight treatment plans had a 3%/2‐mm gamma passing rate greater than 95%, and the other three plans had a 3%/2‐mm gamma passing rate between 90% and 95%.

Conclusions

The irradiation duty factor was considerably improved with DDCS. Smaller stop ratio constraints led to shorter BDTs, but with the cost of larger dose deviations. Our finding suggested that a stop ratio of 1 constraint seems to yield acceptable DDCS dose deviation.
Negative association between workplace violence and patient safety behaviour in male, but not female, nursing interns: A cross‐section study
Authors: Yang Qianqian , Yang Linlin , Yang Chunling , Chen Yue , Wu Xia , Li Liu
Published: April 2023

Aim

The aim of the study was to compare the associations between workplace violence and patient safety behaviour between male and female nursing interns.

Design

A cross‐sectional survey.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey was carried out at three general hospitals in Shandong Province in China to collect data from 466 nursing interns. We evaluated the associations between workplace violence and patient safety behaviours in men and women using multiple linear regressions.

Results

Sex moderated the association between workplace violence and patient safety behaviour (B = 1.046, [SE = 0.477]; p = 0.029). Among male nursing interns, there was a significant association between workplace violence and patient safety (B = −1.353, 95% CI [−2.556, −0.151]; p = 0.028). In male nursing interns, verbal violence and sexual violence were significantly negatively associated with patient safety (B = −1.569, SE = 0.492, p = 0.002; B = −45.663, SE = 5.554, p < 0.001). No significant association was found in female nursing interns.

Patient or Public Contribution

This study did not have a patient or public contribution.
The associations of psychological burnout and time factors on medication errors in rotating shift nurses in Korea: A cross sectional descriptive study
Authors: Im Cheongin , Song Suyoung , Kim Kyoungja
Published: April 2023

Aim

To describe the associations of psychological burnout and time factors on hospital nurses' medication errors.

Design

A cross‐sectional survey design was used.

Methods

A structured questionnaire pertaining to psychological burnout, time factors and medication error was administered to 200 bedside nurses working at two tertiary university hospitals in Korea. The associations between the psychological burnout, time factor and medication error were analysed with the zero‐inflated negative binomial regression for over‐dispersed and over‐abundant zeros count data.

Results

Higher psychological burnout, shorter meal time during duty and longer weekly overtime were associated with an increased likelihood of medication error of nurses working in tertiary university hospitals. For medication safety, nurse managers should provide appropriate administrative support to nurses to cope with psychological burnout of nurses. Work time management should also be considered as human factors to satisfy the needs of nurses, such as securing meal times and maintaining a low level of weekly overtime.
Report examines decrease in tenure‐track faculty, increase in grad student employment
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: April 2023

The number of graduate student employees increased 44% from fall 2002 to fall 2021, compared to a 19% increase among both full‐ and part‐time faculty. That finding comes from a recent report and analysis by the American Association of University Professors.
Characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoate‐based composites derived from waste cooking oil and agricultural surplus
Authors: Altun Müslüm , Çelebi Mithat , Şen Sinan , Kökpınar Öznur , Kaçoğlu Hanife Songül
Published: April 2023

Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), member of the polyhydroxyalkanoate family, was generated from waste vegetable oil in a lab‐scale bioreactor and filled with pistachio shell (S) flour to produce fully agro‐industrial waste derived biodegradable low‐cost composites via melt mixing. To improve the interfacial interaction, maleic anhydride (MA) grafted PHBV (PHBV‐MA) was used as a compatibilizer and pretreatment of S (TS) was realized with silanization+alkalization process. The effects of filler percentage, compatibilizer, and S modification on the mechanical, thermal, morphological, water absorption, and biodegradability properties of the composite were studied. The crystallization percentage and temperature of PHBV were found to be higher in the composites, as compared with neat PHBV, due to nucleation effect of S/TS fillers. The increased tensile strength/modulus were achieved with composites including both PHBV‐MA compatibilizer and TS filler. The PHBV/PHBV‐MA/TS composite reinforced with 40% TS filler increased the tensile strength and modulus of the neat PHBV by 62.1% and 45.3%, respectively. Morphological analysis revealed that samples containing PHBV‐MA, or TS, have better surface wetting and interfacial adhesion than those without. The biodegradation of composites was studied over a 180 days of burial in soil. Biodegradation increased in tandem with the increase of the filler ratio in the PHBV composite from 20% to 40%. Biocomposites with 40% S/TS filler lost more than 90% of their weight, while the neat PHBV lost only 23.5%. Water absorption studies confirmed the biodegradability findings, with TS slightly reducing absorption capacity among the 40% filled samples due to the hydrophobicity effect of the silanization pretreatment.
Performance of comprehensive first trimester fetal anatomy assessment
Authors: Pruthi Vagisha , Abbasi Nimrah , Thakur Varsha , Shinar Shiri , O’Connor Anne , Silver Rachel , Simpson Tasha , Van Mieghem Tim
Published: April 2023

Objective

Ultrasound assessment of the fetal anatomy and fetal echocardiography are feasible in the first trimester of pregnancy. This study was designed to assess the performance of a comprehensive fetal anatomy assessment in a high‐risk population at a tertiary fetal medicine unit.

Methods

A retrospective review of high‐risk patients undergoing comprehensive fetal anatomy ultrasound assessment between 11 weeks and 13 + 6 weeks of gestation was conducted. Findings of the early anatomy ultrasound scan were compared with those of the second trimester anatomy scan, and birth outcomes or post‐mortem results.

Results

Early anatomy ultrasounds were performed in 765 patients. The sensitivity of the scan for detecting fetal anomalies compared to the birth outcome was 80.5% (95% CI 73.5–86.3) and specificity was 93.1% (95%CI 90.6–95.2). Positive and negative predictive values were 78.5% (95% CI 71.4–84.6) and 93.9% (95% CI 91.4–95.8), respectively. The most missed and overdiagnosed abnormalities were ventricular septal defects. The second trimester ultrasound had sensitivity of 69.0% (95% CI 55.5–80.5) and specificity of 87.5% (95% CI 84.3–90.2).

Conclusions

In a high‐risk population, early assessments had similar performance metrics as the second trimester anatomy ultrasound. We advocate for a comprehensive fetal assessment in the care of high‐risk pregnancies.
Factors associated with cancer patients' distinct death‐preparedness states
Authors: Wen Fur‐Hsing , Hsieh Chia‐Hsun , Chou Wen‐Chi , Su Po‐Jung , Hou Ming‐Mo , Shen Wen‐Chi , Chen Jen‐Shi , Chang Wen‐Cheng , Tang Siew Tzuh
Published: April 2023

Background/Objective

Facilitating death preparedness is important for improving cancer patients' quality of death and dying. We aimed to identify factors associated with the four death‐preparedness states (no‐preparedness, cognitive‐only, emotional‐only, and sufficient‐preparedness) focusing on modifiable factors.

Methods

In this cohort study, we identified factors associated with 314 Taiwanese cancer patients' death‐preparedness states from time‐invariant socio‐demographics and lagged time‐varying modifiable variables, including disease burden, physician prognostic disclosure, patient‐family communication on end‐of‐life (EOL) issues, and perceived social support using hierarchical generalized linear modeling.

Results

Patients who were male, older, without financial hardship to make ends meet, and suffered lower symptom distress were more likely to be in the emotional‐only and sufficient‐preparedness states than the no‐death‐preparedness‐state. Younger age (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 0.95 [0.91, 0.99] per year increase in age) and greater functional dependency (1.05 [1.00, 1.11]) were associated with being in the cognitive‐only state. Physician prognostic disclosure increased the likelihood of being in the cognitive‐only (51.51 [14.01, 189.36]) and sufficient‐preparedness (47.42 [10.93, 205.79]) states, whereas higher patient‐family communication on EOL issues reduced likelihood for the emotional‐only state (0.38 [0.21, 0.69]). Higher perceived social support reduced the likelihood of cognitive‐only (0.94 [0.91, 0.98]) but increased the chance of emotional‐only (1.09 [1.05, 1.14]) state membership.

Conclusions

Death‐preparedness states are associated with patients' socio‐demographics, disease burden, physician prognostic disclosure, patient‐family communication on EOL issues, and perceived social support. Providing accurate prognostic disclosure, adequately managing symptom distress, supporting those with higher functional dependence, promoting empathetic patient‐family communication on EOL issues, and enhancing perceived social support may facilitate death preparedness.