bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXTENT OF DAMAGE TO COCONUT PALMS CAUSED BY SUPER CYCLONE IN ORISSA AND PATTERN OF THEIR RECOVERY
Authors: D.K. Dash  , D.P. Ray  , H. Hameed Khan
Published: May 2020

During the Super cyclone (October, 1999) in the coastal districts of Orissa, 26,836 hectares of coconut garden having 46,96,300 palms were severely affected. A survey of affected palms in the selected villages classified the palms as (i) uprooted (11.3 percent) (ii) palms with complete crown damage (23.3 percent) (iii) palms with severe damage to the crown   (32 percent) and (iv) palms with partial crown damage (34 percent). The affected palms lost most of their valuable leaves and spadices in their varying stages of development. The recovery of palms started after 2 months of damage in the form of production of new leaves. The spadices production started after 4-5 months of damage. The number of palms entered the fresh reproductive stage is of low percent, which may lead to in 2-3 years delay in nut production by the palm. Regular manuring with organics and inorganics, adequate plant protection are suggested to rejuvenate the palms.
USEFULNESS OF EARLY DIAGNOSTIC METHODS FOR EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF BASAL STEM ROT (GANODERMA) DISEASE OF COCONUT
Authors: A. Karthikeyan  , S. Mohan  , R. Bhaskaran
Published: May 2020

Chemodiagnostic methos EDTA and TTC  tests and physiological parameters electrical conductivity and relative water content are useful to detect the basal stem rot disease in coconut palms, 4 - 14 months before visual symptom expression.  The critical values of these tests  for symptom expression have been fixed.  In coconut trees, root sampling from  any directions at 15 - 30 cm depth is optimum for early detection tests.  Coconut palms without symptoms but showing higher values in diagnostic tests responded well to treatments by registering lesser disease index and higher  nut yield than the treated palms with  external symptoms.
DNA fingerprinting to distinguish the coconut type, San Ramon
Authors: C.K. Bandaranayake  , W.B.S. Fernando  , A. Fernando  , N. Herath
Published: May 2020

San Ramon, an introduced type of coconut from Philippines, has long been in Sri Lanka. San Ramon has the advantage of producing high copra, high oil, and high-quality timber and also seemed to be less variable for bunch characters. In addition, it is a type of coconut having an ability to withstand long droughts and also coconut mites. Due to these outstanding beneficial characters, San Ramon has been used as a parent for effecting various crosses to transmit the drought tolerance nature and high copra outturn, to the offspring. The physical structure of San Ramon palms is much comparable to tall type coconuts though there are some specific characters predominantly seen in favourable environments. On top of these circumstances, it is not easy to separate San Ramon from other Talls and virtually impossible to distinguish pure San Ramon from San Ramon crosses by means of only morphological markers. Therefore, a molecular finger-printing method was attempted to distinguish pure San Ramon using already developed 10 coconut SSR primers. The results indicate the possibility of distinguishing pure San Ramon from its crosses with the help of 2 coconut SSR primers, CNZ6 and CNZ44.
Studying Spiritual Intelligence As a Predictor on Meaningfulness and Life Satisfaction
Authors: Söylemez Aydın , Koç Mustafa
Published: May 2020

Spiritual intelligence, one of the several types of intelligence, is defined as an individual’s ability to find meaning in life. The aim of the current study is to investigate the effect of spiritual intelligence on meaningfulness and life satisfaction. Being a descriptive study, we followed a relational screening model while collecting research data. The study group consisted of 388 undergraduate students and adults with a bachelor’s degree living in the cities of Istanbul, Kocaeli, and Zonguldak. Spiritual intelligence, meaningfulness, and life satisfaction scales were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics as well as both correlational and regression analyses were used to analyze the data obtained by the research. The analyses demonstrated that spiritual intelligence has a positive and significant relationship with meaningfulness (.365) and life satisfaction (.219). In the regression analysis, we observed that spiritual intelligence influenced both meaningfulness (R2=0.133) and life satisfaction (R2=.048). We expect that this study will contribute to intelligence and spirituality-oriented disciplines, like psychological counselling and the psychology of religion.
Understanding Veterans Through the Lens of Dialogical Psychology and Theology
Authors: Grimell Jan
Published: May 2020

A dialogical self theory framework has shown to be a promising methodology in the pursuit of mapping and gridding the psychological topography among military personnel during transition from military to civilian life and thereby advance the understandings of self-identity work in the process. This article demonstrates this methodology through a case study example drawn from a longitudinal research project that followed nineteen Swedish service members with annual interviews over a three-year period as they transitioned to civilian life. This case study example evolves into a discussion about a potential vulnerability that may be inherit among service members with distinct religious/spiritual/ethical positions in the self when or if those I-positions perceive themselves to be violated as a result of military service. The implication of such violations or transgressions may result in a type of spiritual injury that disconnects the spiritual capacity of the self to varying degrees. It is proposed that such spiritual injury is typically followed by monologue instead of dialogue. Theological concepts of forgiveness and acceptance may gradually restore the dialogical capacity between a violated position(s) and a traumatized military position within the self. Acceptance and dialogical evolution may then begin to heal the spiritual damage.
Comparing Behavioral Health Graduate Students in Spiritual and Religious Competence
Authors: Park Jennifer S. , Arveson Kathleen , Newmeyer Mark , Underwood Lee A.
Published: May 2020

When it comes to the integration of spirituality and religion within mental health training, standards remain ambiguous, particularly in non-religious affiliated institutions and individual practitioners. The aim of this study sought to examine the competence levels of mental health graduate students utilizing the Revised Spiritual Competence Scale II (SCS-R-II) and the Spiritual and Religious Competency Assessment (SARCA). Participants were recruited by contacting over 68 program directors of both Christian and secular accredited counseling, psychology, and social work schools in the United States and through the Counselor Education and Supervision Network Listserv and American Psychological Association of Graduate Students directory. 125 students with varying degrees of professed religious affiliation, completed the survey. Counselor trainees scored highest on both measures, yet without statistical significance. Students with very strong personal religious affiliation and attendees of Christian affiliated schools scored statistically higher on both measures. Findings indicated Christian institutions and trainees who professed very high Christian affiliation seemed to possess greater competence at integrating spiritual and religious constructs within mental health counseling. However, the results are limited due to sample size. Further, results pointed to convergent validity for the SCS-R-II and SARCA. Implications and future recommendations for behavior science educators and clinicians are discussed.
Parallelisms between Jungian Archetypes with Ibn ‘Arabi’s Concept of Ayani-Sabita
Authors: Şirin Turgay
Published: May 2020

This study attempts to put forth the relationship between Carl Gustav Jung’s concept of the archetype and Muhyiddin Ibn ‘Arabi’s concept of Ayani-sabita. In this context, the nature of the concepts of Muhyiddin Ibn ‘Arabi’s Ayani-sabita and Jung’s concept of the archetype are examined, as well as the similarities and differences between each of the two concepts, by researching the issues of the relationship of these concepts with existence and humans. Attention is attempted to be drawn in the study’s results to the topics that the concept of Ayani-sabita, which is often unrecognized in the literature on psychology, can contribute to contemporary psychology, arriving at the conclusion that this concept may be one that can contribute to the science of psychology just as Jung’s archetype concept.
Partner Violence in Muslim Marriages: Tips for Therapists in the US
Authors: Bridge Esra Nihan , Duman Nesrin
Published: May 2020

Partner violence in Muslim marriages is one of the most challenging subjects in the therapy setting for both therapists and Muslim clients. Due to the lack of studies and the negative reputation of Muslim families’ in Western culture, many therapists may carry stereotypes about partner violence in Muslim societies. Moreover, as a result of these same reasons, many Muslim clients might be hesitant to seek help or share their negative experiences. In family therapy, therapists would benefit from knowing what Muslim marriages are like and from learning to respect their clients’ cultural values. Understanding Muslim families better can be valuable in the therapy setting for many Muslim clients by helping therapists recognize abuse and enabling clients to seek help for partner violence. The current study aims to guide therapists in understanding marriages, cultural values, and partner violence in terms of Muslim marriages; to prepare them for challenges in therapy; and also to encourage future studies focused on preventing and combatting intimate partner violence.
Erratum: Correcting the Name of the Spiritual Well-Being Scale as the Three-Factor Spiritual Well-Being Scale
Authors: Kardaş Selami
Published: May 2020

None
Adapting the Scale for Spiritual Intelligence to Turkish
Authors: Erduran-Tekin Özge , Ekşi Halil
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study is to adapt the Scale for Spiritual Intelligence Scale developed by Kumar and Mehta (2011) into Turkish and to examine its reliability and validity. Data have been collected from four different study groups involving a total of 1,098 high school students (440 females and 658 males). In Turkey, the exploratory factor analysis of the Scale for Spiritual Intelligence’s original structure, which consists of six factors, only appears to have occurred in four cases. The goodness-of-fit statistics obtained as a result of the confirmatory factor analysis performed on one sample using this structure are X2 = 335.17, SD = 145 (X2 / SD = 2.33), RMSEA = 0.052, SRMR = 0.049, GFI = 0.93, CFI = 0.90, AGFI = 0.91. Whether or not a statistically significant difference exists in the scores for the lower and upper 27th-percentile groups was examined in order to look at the discriminators of the scale; a statistically significant difference has been detected in favor of the upper segment. As a result of the criterion validity study, a significant positive correlation has been found between the Scale for Spiritual Intelligence and the Meaning in Life Scale (Demirbaş, 2010). According to the obtained linguistic equivalence results, the Turkish form of the scale is seen to be equivalent to the original English form. Cronbach’s alphas of internal consistency and reliability were calculated as .86 and .85 for both samples. Research results reveal the Turkish form of Scale for Spiritual Intelligence to be a valid and reliable instrument that can be used in scientific studies to be carried out in Turkey.
The Relationship of Spiritual Coping with Resilience and Perceived Stress: Validation of the Dutch Spiritual Coping Questionnaire
Authors: Jans-Beken Lilian
Published: May 2020

The aim of this study is to translate and validate the Spiritual Coping Questionnaire in Dutch (SCQ-nl), compare this questionnaire with a religious coping questionnaire, and assess the levels of religious and spiritual coping in association to resilience and perceived stress because these are important determinants in mental health issues. The Dutch-speaking respondents (N = 651, Mage = 45, SDage = 14, range = 18-80) answered the SCQ, Brief RCOPE, Perceived Stress Scale, and Brief Resilience Scale. Validation of the SCQ shows it to be a reliable and valid questionnaire for assessing positive and negative spiritual coping in Dutch-speaking individuals. Although the positive and negative religious coping scales are associated with positive and negative spiritual coping questionnaires, religious coping was not predictive of perceived stress or resilience. Multiple regression analyses demonstrate positive spiritual coping to be associated with lower perceived stress and higher resilience levels and negative spiritual coping to be associated with higher perceived stress and lower resilience levels in Dutch-speaking individuals. The outcome of this study is that the SCQ-nl is a valid and reliable measure for assessing positive and negative spiritual coping in scientific psychological research and descriptively in clinical practice.
Multi-Cultural Counseling and Spiritual Interventions
Authors: Keçeci Berra , Ekşi Halil
Published: May 2020

With the start of individuals from different cultures and subcultures taking part in the same society, the process of understanding and recognizing cultures has found its place in psychology and counseling. While multicultural counseling evaluates the counselor’s cultural values in the counseling environment, various ideas have been formed to address spirituality. This article summarizes the place of counseling in the psychology literature, along with perspectives on dealing with religion and spirituality. It then aims to examine the process of multiculturalism and multicultural counseling in terms of spirituality and traditional approaches.
Disability and Spirituality
Authors: Aydoğdu Bilge Nuran
Published: May 2020

Disability as a concept has been defined and explained from different perspectives over the years and cannot be regarded just with an individual focus. It should also be considered environmentally and socially. Spirituality and religion have a significant importance culturally for people with disabilities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain the term disability in detail, its religious and spiritual aspects, and the use of these concepts in the rehabilitation process. Research has demonstrated spirituality and religion to be two terms that are a powerful and effective personal resource for accepting and dealing with issues regarding disability. According to studies, individuals have furthermore reported having a disability to provide them with a benefit of gaining a different point of view toward life. Because religion and spirituality are vital psychological resources that cannot be underestimated, they have been used in rehabilitation psychology as a coping mechanism. For this reason, this paper aims to provide knowledge about the concept of disability, its relationship with religion and spirituality, and its use in rehabilitation psychology.
Islamic Spiritual Counseling Techniques
Authors: KESKİNOĞLU Muhammet Şerif , EKŞİ Halil
Published: May 2020

In this study, some Islamic counseling techniques that can be used in psychology have been integrated into the spiritual counseling process. It is thought that introducing and starting to use spiritual counseling techniques based on Islam, would be beneficial to Islamic societies like Turkey. Transferring rich spiritual knowledge in Islam to the therapy process and approaching problem solutions by utilizing the client’s spirituality can contribute to a more effective counseling process. A new point of view is aimed to be brought to spiritual consultants evaluating the values of spiritual counseling in the process of application of using sacred texts, pray, worship, contemplation, patience, gratitude, listening to hymn etc. It is aimed to transfer how they could use the techniques of spiritual counseling in the cultural sensitivity context into psychology consultants in their interventions to spirit. Also, practical interventions and empirical researches in spiritual counseling discussed with theoretical and ethical issues in the name of providing convenience to spiritual consultants. Results show the feasibility and utility of spiritual counseling techniques.
Spiritual Dimension in Art Therapy
Authors: Kırca Beyza
Published: May 2020

Spiritually-oriented art therapy interventions are based on a holistic, therapeutic approach that aims to enable people who are in fragmented states to achieve integrity, unity, harmony, and balance by taking all the mental, emotional, physical, and spiritual dimensions of human nature into account using the medium of art and its creative processes. Art is considered intrinsically spiritual by many artists and art therapists, and the history of art and its relationship to treatment is as old as human history; however, open consideration of the spiritual dimension in therapeutic settings, particularly in art therapy interventions, is relatively new. Reviewing the emergence of spiritually-oriented art therapy interventions and their mechanisms of change is considered useful for seeing how they enable holistic transformation. These mechanisms have been determined as self-realization and understanding, transcendence, meaning-making and searching for a purpose, and achieving integrity through the holistic wellbeing approach.
The Role Of Bank Interest Rate In The Competıtıve Emergıng Markets To Provıde Fınancıal and Economıc Stabılıty
Authors: DİNÇER Hasan , YÜKSEL Serhat , KARTAL Mustafa Tevfik
Published: May 2020

Financial
and economic stability are two main significant concepts of the countries. Many
different actions are taken in order to reach this objective. In this process,
interest rate plays a key role because it mainly affects the cost of
investments and consumption decisions of the parties. Therefore, the
determinants of interest rate should be identified to have more effective financial
market. This study aims to determine the influencing factors of bank interest
rate in Turkey. Within this framework, seven different independent variables
are selected based on literature review. Moreover, quarterly data of these
variables for the periods between 2001:01 and 2018:02 is taken into the
consideration. Furthermore, multivariate adoptive regression splines (MARS)
model is used in the analysis process. The findings show that inflation, foreign
debt, budget deficit, current account deficit and high oil price are the main
determinants of high interest rate in Turkey. Therefore, it is obvious that
Turkish government should take some actions to minimize these macroeconomic
problems. In this context, inflation targeting plan should be implemented more
effectively with the coordination of the government and central bank.
Additionally, budget discipline should be maintained in order to prevent budget
deficit. Furthermore, the government should take some measures to reduce the
demand for imported goods, so current account deficit can be decreased. With
the help of these actions, it can be more possible to decrease interest rate in
Turkey. Lower interest rate has an increasing effect on the investment which
contributes sustainable financial and economic growth.
İkinci Dünya Savaşı Sonrasında Türkiye Ekonomisi ve Marshall Planının Ekonomiye Etkileri
Authors: ŞENEL UZUNKAYA Seçil
Published: May 2020

İkinci
Dünya Savaşı Dünya üzerindeki birçok ülkeyi olumsuz yönde etkilemiştir. Söz
konusu olumsuz etki ülkelerin ekonomisi üzerinde de meydana gelmiştir. Bahsi geçen
bu savaşın ardından çoğu ülkenin resesyona girdiği görülmektedir. Belirtilen bu
süreçte Türkiye ekonomisi de olumsuz gelişmeler yaşamıştır. İlgili
olumsuzlukları minimum seviyeye indirebilmek için Türkiye Marshall Planı olarak
da anılan ekonomik yardımları kabul etmiştir. Belirtilen bu süreç hem geçmişte
hem de günümüzde sıklıkla tartışılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada da İkinci Dünya Savaşı
sonrasındaki Türkiye ekonomisinin ve kabul edilen Marshall planının detayları
analiz edilmiştir. Ülkenin ekonomisi adına önem arz eden bu tarihsel konunun
incelenmesi ile literatüre katkı sağlanması hedeflenmektedir.
Türkiye’de İşsizlik ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: 1980-2018 Dönemi için Ekonometrik Bir Uygulama
Authors: SALMAN Gökhan , KILIÇ Jiyan
Published: May 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye ekonomisinde 1980-2018 yılları arasında gerçekleşen ve tüm dünya ülkelerinin en önemli makro ekonomik göstergeleri içerisinde yer alan işsizlik ve ekonomik büyüme değişkenlerinin birbirleriyle olan etkileşimlerinin analiz edilmesidir. Bu bağlamda analiz neticesinde ortaya çıkacak sonuç ile ülke ekonomisinin istihdam ve büyüme performansına katkı sağlanmasına yardımcı olabilecek politika önerilerinin sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada 1980-2018 döneminde işsizlik ve ekonomik büyüme değişkenleri yıllık değişkenler itibariye ele alınmış ve 39 gözlem değeri ile vektör otoregresif modelin kuruluş aşamaları başarılı bir şekilde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda ilgili yıllar için ilk olarak ADF birim kök testleri yapılmış ve birtakım ekonometrik testlerin ardından nedensellik ilişkilerinin tespiti ile çalışma sonlandırılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda herhangi bir nedensellik ilişkisi saptanmadığı için 1980-2018 dönemi 1980-1999 ve 2000-2018 olmak üzere iki alt döneme indirgenerek analiz uygulamaları yeniden işleme konulmuş olup söz konusu dönem analizlerinde de herhangi bir nedensellik ilişkisine rastlanılmamıştır.
The Case for Stimulating a Planetary Protection Framework for Emerging Private Space Activities
Authors: Profitiliotis George
Published: May 2020

The emergence of private space activities is pushing the boundaries of the space industry with technological innovations that may soon enable the targeting of the novel market segments of space research and exploration, space resources utilization, and human access to space. Planetary protection is defined as a set of guidelines that aim to prevent the forward contamination of celestial bodies with biological material from Earth and the backward contamination of the terrestrial biosphere with extraterrestrial biological material. Significant questions are expected to be raised in the future with respect to potential forward and backward contamination issues of emerging private space activities. Unfortunately, the jurisdiction over and the enforcement of forward and backward contamination prevention measures to private space endeavors are currently facing policy and regulatory gaps and ambiguities. The key challenges with the current planetary protection policy landscape indicate that these contamination issues of private space activities can indeed have lasting negative impacts on social, economic, and environmental equity, sustainable development on Earth, and the sustainable exploration and development of other celestial bodies.

Drawing on its multidisciplinary expertise, the UN system is favorably positioned to play a key role in stimulating a novel planetary protection framework for emerging private space activities. Firstly, it can provide an international forum for the harmonization and agreement on such a framework. Secondly, it can create a financing mechanism to fund international research and development consortia of public and private organizations under a pre-competitive collaboration scheme for planetary protection technologies. Thirdly, it can establish a process of civic engagement to promote the meaningful participation of the civil society in the formulation of this framework. A prudent consideration of this matter may not only counteract the inequitable distribution of any unintended negative consequences, but may also facilitate economic development in a respectful, sustainable, and responsible manner.
Thatcher, Reagan, and Northern Ireland
Authors: Sanders Andrew
Published: May 2020

The election of Ronald Reagan in 1980 reinforced one of the most famous international alliances, often known as the “special relationship”, and this chapter explores the ways in which Reagan was often caught between the direction of the US Congress, in particular Speaker of the House Tip O’Neill and Senator Ted Kennedy, and British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. The changing dynamics of the conflict in Northern Ireland saw electoral politics rise to prominence, particularly following the 1981 hunger strike that saw ten republican prisoners starve to death, with two of the men elected to public office in London and Dublin. The influence of both O’Neill and Reagan on the 1985 Anglo Irish Agreement, a significant moment in the developing peace process, is also examined in this chapter, as is the issue of the extradition of IRA on-the-runs from the US to the UK.
Conclusion
Authors: Sanders Andrew
Published: May 2020

This final chapter draws together the complicated narrative of United States involvement in Northern Ireland. It seeks to explore patterns of intervention and non-intervention and draw out recurring themes from the near-half-century under examination in the book. It concludes by considering the continuing importance of full investment in the maintenance and development of the peace process by all actors and the dissolution of the Stormont Assembly in January 2017.
Beyond Diplomacy
Authors: Ruz Andrés Baeza
Published: May 2020

Great Britain formally recognised the Independence of Chile in 1831. This was the outcome of a long process of formal negotiations that began as early as 1813, when the first Chilean diplomatic envoys were sent to London to get support from Britain and to open up commercial relations. Such negotiations took place in a context of warfare both in Europe and Spanish America. Chileans did not initially succeed in the negotiations because Britain declared its neutrality in the conflict between Spain and its colonies and did not accept to negotiate with Chilean envoys as representatives of a state that did not exist. This chapter analyses the diplomatic negotiations between British and Chilean state actors about the recognition of Chile’s independence, focusing in the contested images and representations about Chile that circulated in the period and the role played by the United States.
Northern Ireland
Authors: Loughlin James
Published: May 2020

This chapter assesses comparatively the attitude to Northern Ireland of Oswald Mosley and Enoch Powell, both seen as right wing politicians, if of varying degrees of extremism. For Mosley Powell was seen as a threat to his own position as a public figure, one whose controversial speech on immigration at Birmingham in 1968 attracted the kind of public support long unavailable to him, a pariah figure in British politics. Yet both were authoritarian figures, convinced of the certitude of their own opinions and with little time for dissentient views. On Northern Ireland, however, they exhibited significant differences. Mosley’s experience of British policy during the Irish War of Independence gave him an informed outlook on the kind of repressive and morally reprehensible measures it was necessary to avoid, and that a solution to the problem would require some kind of constitutional modification. Powell, in contrast, developed a paranoid conspiracy mindset, seeing the United Kingdom under threat from enemies within and without and with Northern Ireland just the latest site of conflict; and like the extreme Right offering a limited ‘law and order’ solution to the Troubles.
The National Front (I)
Authors: Loughlin James
Published: May 2020

This chapter assesses the efforts of the National Front to exploit the Ulster problem as it sought to expand on its progress in Britain in the early 1970s and it activities in Northern Ireland thereafter. For some loyalists such early progress had initially suggested that the NF might be a valuable ally in their struggle against the Provisional IRA. However, as its fortunes in Britain diminished in the 1970s –and with it any prospect that it could significantly influence British public opinion in their interest - the NF connection appeared less as a help than a hindrance and unwelcome not least when the level of Catholic membership in its leadership was discovered. However, the persistence of the Ulster conflict, especially a series of developments from 1980, seen as a British betrayal of Northern Ireland, ensured that it would continue to attract the NF’s interest. And yet it was never entirely clear for much of this period what its involvement was for – to assist loyalist organisations or to replace them. Nor did changes of organisation and operation in the early to mid-1980s do much to progress NF interests in the region.
Sylvain George’s Minor Mode, or Cinema at the Margins of its Fragile Community
Authors: Milne Anna-Louise
Published: May 2020

This chapter explores the ‘minor’ subjectivity of Sylvain George’s film-work, drawing on Deleuze and Guattari’s notion of minor literature and Henri Michaux’s ‘left-handed’ poetics. It claims that George’s unstable camera work, combined with the oscillation between the objectives of documentary observation and the sequences of lyrical expressionism, disrupt the traditional topographer’s position, resulting in a dynamic relation of inclusion. It closes by suggesting that this ‘minor’ mode, marked by its recurrent estrangement from the ‘real,’ is a crucial vehicle for capturing the complexity of the contemporary landscape of informal refugee camps in and around the cities of northern France.
French Edgeland Poetics
Authors: Armstrong Joshua
Published: May 2020

As the natural spaces of the European countryside are increasingly micro-managed and diminished, they lose their timeless pastoral feel and come to serve, rather, as amorphous liminal spaces where one urban site ends and another begins: ‘edgelands,’ as British poets Roberts and Farley call them. And yet, as philosopher Edward Casey points out, there can be no oikos—no ‘ecology,’ no ‘dwelling’—without edges. And therefore, although we typically pay little attention to them, such edges, in their silent, unnoticed way, crucially subtend, give shape to, and have much to reveal about the urban environments we inhabit. In Jean Rolin’s Les Événements (2015), the focus of this chapter, we follow a narrator whose attempt to escape a near-future France in the throes of civil war takes him across the back roads of just such a countryside. Avoiding the senseless war, the narrator navigates an edgeland network of fields, ditches, and rivers. There, where long-abandoned industrial sites neighbour shopping centre parking lots, and where, in Rolin’s fiction, highways serve as battle fronts, Rolin sketches the unique and melancholic topography of an unnoticed, undervalued, and fragile ecosystem just as threatened by industry and urban sprawl as by the ravages of war.
Erin’s Acres
Authors: Moynihan Sinéad
Published: May 2020

This chapter considers the extent to which the Returned Yank surfaces in narratives treating of land acquisition, distribution, ownership and development in Ireland in the second half of the twentieth century. It identifies two overlapping motifs in Returned Yank narratives that have been stated, restated and reworked in various historically-contingent ways from at least the 1930s, through the Lemassian turn, through the Celtic Tiger years: first, the extent to which the Returned Yank who returns to Ireland to buy property symbolises widespread ambivalence concerning the role of the post-independence Land Commission in Irish life; second, the degree to which narratives of land-purchasing (or ‘land-grabbing’) Returned Yanks become abstracted in the 1960s and beyond to the extent that s/he (usually he) comes to symbolise U.S. investment in Ireland more generally.
The Story and the World (Jean Rouaud)
Authors: Hollister Lucas
Published: May 2020

This chapter examines how the ‘return to the story’ has been used to further an anti-modernist agenda and to delegitimize avant-garde or experimental mid-century novelistic aesthetics. Specifically, it examines the work of Jean Rouaud, a writer whose investment in the ‘story’ is exemplary of a wholehearted adoption of an anti-modernist conception of literary return. Putting Rouaud’s sprawling and digressive essayistic adventure novel The Imitation of Happiness (2006) into dialogue with Rouaud’s fictional and essayistic production since the early 2000s, this chapter problematizes the literary historical narrative that underpins Rouaud’s ‘rehabilitation’ of the adventure novel. It then zooms out to consider how this anti-modernist emphasis on adventurous fiction is echoed in the rhetoric of the famous littérature-monde manifesto. A short analysis of littérature-monde then demonstrates how the return to the story functions not only as a literary history but also as a cultural map. This chapter concludes with a critique of the anti-modernist literary historical narrative of the ‘return to the story.’
Ghosts (Jean Echenoz)
Authors: Hollister Lucas
Published: May 2020

In this chapter, I examine how Jean Echenoz transforms and repurposes popular genres—specifically crime fiction and the war novel--in subtly political manners. Through readings of Echenoz’s (anti-)mystery novel A Year (1997) and his short war novel 1914 (2012), I show how Echenoz smuggles biopolitical and spectral problematics into his works, enlarging the conceptual scope of popular story forms and genre fictions. My reading of Echenoz positions him not as a writer that brings us back to the pleasures of story, but rather as a writer who demonstrates how we can alter the generic conventions and narrative strategies of popular violent fiction in order to account for biopolitical exclusion and mediated phantom pain. Echenoz is thus a writer who shows us some ingenious strategies for rethinking the uses of forms and genres.
Conclusion: Beyond Return
Authors: Hollister Lucas
Published: May 2020

This conclusion shows how the different positions staked out by the writers in Beyond Return trace a trajectory that leads from anti-modernist resumption or rehabilitation (a willful regression that positions itself as a post-critical progression) through ‘bathmological’ meta-discursive gestures (a critical repetition that changes the meaning of conventions and forms) and finally to spectral poetics which blur the very possibility of defining a clear discursive position or literary self-identity. I thus suggest that Jean Rouaud, Jean-Patrick Manchette, Jean Echenoz, and Antoine Volodine are authors that exemplify different approaches to the metaphor of return, ranging from narrow historical readings of literary aesthetics to more oppositional uses of form and radically decontextualized conceptions of literarity. Against the contextual reductionism of closed national histories of the contemporary, this study concludes by suggesting how different engagements with popular fictional forms allow us to imagine alternative literary historical narratives and new political readings of French literature.
‘It Is One Story’
Authors: Pak Chris
Published: May 2020

Alternative histories create a ludic space where a game of allusion, extrapolation and speculation is played. Kim Stanley Robinson’s (2002) The Years of Rice and Salt depicts a world that might have developed had European civilisation been eradicated by the Black Death. This chapter examines how Robinson uses science fiction, utopia and the alternate history to examine and challenge assumptions about progress, memory, identity, culture and storytelling. It investigates how The Years of Rice and Salt portray the actors who make up the story of history, how this history is characterised and what repercussions these explorations have for reading the stories that make up contemporary “real-world” history.
Hunting the Methodist Vixen
Authors: Winckles Andrew O.
Published: May 2020

Chapter One lays out the broad conceptual stakes of the book’s argument, reviews the existing literature on Methodism, Romanticism, and women’s writing, and points to some of the modes of analysis that are pursued in the rest of the book. Furthermore, it lays out the rationale for examining women like Mary Wollstonecraft and Felicia Hemans, who would not have identified as evangelicals, in the context of evangelical women. The goal is not to trace influence, necessarily, but instead to examine how evangelical discourse came to permeate many different aspects of British culture. More broadly speaking this chapter explores of the stakes of the volume and lays out a conceptual framework for understanding how specific changes to the protocols of mediation that Methodists in general, and Methodist women in particular, pioneered can be mapped onto women’s writing more broadly during the long eighteenth-century.
A European Culture Exists
Authors: Kristeva Julia
Published: May 2020

Julia Kristeva’s essay looks to yet another form of polyvalent and multilingual universalism: European identity. To address the contemporary malaise and crises that mark the current state of many countries within the European Union, including France, Kristeva proposes an embrace of a European identity that allows for the flourishing of national cultures, national pride, and multilingualism.
Osnabrück Station to Jerusalem
Authors: Cixous Hélène
Published: May 2020

Hélène Cixous’s text grapples with a familial history that is removed from her in both time in space. It is a narrative marked by personal loss, the brutalities of history, and baffling lacunae and ambiguities. Deeply influenced by the importance of canonical literature and familial storytelling, Cixous’s text presents a tableau of migration, opaque and mysterious family chronicles, tragedy, exile, and the impossibility of knowing where is home.
‘African philosophy’ The History of an Expression
Authors: Diagne Souleymane Bachir
Published: May 2020

Souleymane Bachir Diagne’s text is on the history of what has been called ‘African philosophy,’ a phrase with origins in the early post-World War II period. Diagne begins by tracing the complex history and legacy of the book Bantu Philosophy (1949), which was written by the philosopher and theologian Placide Tempels, a Franciscan missionary and Belgian citizen. Diagne argues that that text represented an important break with the way in which Africa had been ignored and set aside in philosophical circles (a practice that Diagne traces to Hegel). From there, he outlines how currents in African philosophy first imitated, and then later broke with, Tempels’s model. He concludes with observations on current trends in African philosophy, which above all focus on democratic transitions, human rights, the future of the arts, citizenship, and languages in use on the continent today.
Philosophy and Contemporary Reality Beyond the Event?
Authors: Balibar Etienne
Published: May 2020

Etienne Balibar’s essay explores the category of the ‘event’ in contemporary philosophy as well as what he calls its ‘essential, strategic function.’ Balibar offers a critique of what he calls eventialism (an –ism in the sense of existentialism, structuralism, and so on), alongside a consideration of the relation between philosophy and contemporary reality (actualité). He identifies a turn in twentieth-century philosophy’s consideration of the event, which resulted in a ‘crucial equivalence between the problem of being and that of time.’ He traces these intertwined questions of ontology and historicity—and their paradoxes—through the legacies of Hegel and Heidegger. Then turning to Foucault and Althusser, Balibar highlights what Judith Butler calls the ‘performative contradiction’ in their writing to underscore the paradoxes that arise from the philosophers’ attempts to articulate their relation to contemporary reality.
Jacques Derrida’s Pedagogical Imperative for the Sciences
Authors: Reilly Brian J.
Published: May 2020

Brian J. Reilly’s text is on Derrida and the sciences. His essay is centered around a question: Why should today’s undergraduate science majors read Derrida? A related question would be whether we can teach them to, in Lawrence Kritzman’s terms, ‘transcend the institutional foreclosure on alterity’ facilitated by disciplinary divisions, and thereby be hospitable to difference. Reilly explores this question via an investigation into a 1959 debate between ‘an inhospitable scientist’—that is, the Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget—and a likewise inhospitable Derrida.
To Larry Kritzman
Authors: Kristeva Julia
Published: May 2020

A tribute to Lawrence D. Kritzman, this volume’s honoree.
Education and Violence in the Black Decade
Authors: Twohig Erin
Published: May 2020

This chapter asks how literature portrays classroom scenes during times of trauma and political crisis, and whether literary depictions of historical moments of trauma can, themselves, be pedagogical. It focuses in particular of literary portraits of the Black Decade of the 1990s. a time when students and teachers inside classrooms were targets of violence. The literary classroom depicting this time became a vacant or fractured space, replaced by direct encounters outside the school between teachers and students, writers and readers. Novels depicting the 1990s feature teachers and students meeting in bars and cafés, young girls who read and teach each other at home, and former teachers writing to their students from exile. Along with two central novels, Wahiba Khiari’s Nos silences (Our silences) and Bashir Mefti’s Ghurfat al thikrayat (The room of memories), this chapter discusses Nacira Belloula’s Visa pour la haine (Visa for hatred), Boualem Sansal’s Le serment des barbares (The barbarians’ oath), and Ahlam Mosteghanemi’s Al aswad yaliq bik (Black becomes you). The portraits of education in these works are applicable beyond the context of the Black Decade, as they show how novels bear witness to and reach readers in a hostile political and educational environment.
Conclusion
Authors: Twohig Erin
Published: May 2020

The five chapters of Contesting the Classroom show how authors have reimagined and renegotiated literature’s place within the schools that create future generations of readers. In many cases, these reimaginations are suffused with palpable anxiety over the state of education. Yet they also creatively rethink the educational endeavor, and literature’s relationship to it. Indeed, a common thread in the novels examined in this work is the idea that literature's pedagogical potential does not stop at the doors of the classroom, nor is it limited by traditional classroom definitions of pedagogy. Accordingly, the conclusion of this work poses a series of questions in the spirit of these texts, that open themselves up to other spaces of encounter besides the public school classroom, and other forms of pedagogical writing besides linear narrative prose. In what spaces outside of the classroom do students encounter local literature? And what are the unexpected genres and styles, beyond the print narrative, that engage with education? New locations of pedagogical encounter discussed include small publishers, book fairs, and online spaces; other genres include photography and song.
Modes of Feminine Resistance and Testimony in the Wake of the Mudawana Reform and the Arab Uprisings
Authors: Hachad Naïma
Published: May 2020

Chapter 6 analyzes Qandisha, A Collaborative Feminine Magazwine, a webzine founded by Moroccan journalist and blogger Fedwa Misk in 2011 and Naïma Zitan’s Dialy (2012), a play in colloquial Moroccan-Arabic (Darija), as exemplars of how women’s activism and cultural production reinvigorated and gendered contemporary discourses of contestation. Dialy, originally conceived as an adaptation of Eve Ensler’s The Vagina Monologues (1996), uses testimonies collected during encounters and workshops involving a hundred and fifty Moroccan women of different ages and from different socioeconomic backgrounds to inscribe in the public sphere major transitions in a woman’s life such as menstruation, sexual relations, marriage, pregnancy, and childbearing. Qandisha has attracted a significant number of writers, readers, and commentators who post their texts in French, Arabic, Darija, and English from all over Morocco as well as from Algeria, France, and Tunisia about sexuality, rape, sexual orientation, and individual freedom. Anonymity, easy access, the dissolution of boundaries (between locales, languages, readers, and writers) have all provided women with endless possibilities for self and collective representation. This chapter analyzes the content and the reception of Dialy and Qandisha to illustrate contemporary divisions around women’s rights and sexuality in the Moroccan context, as well as the uneasy cohabitation between the Moroccan society’s diverse make-up and transnational feminist discourses and global technologies.
The Atlantic State of Violence: State of Exception, Colonial/Civil Wars, and Concentration Camps
Authors: Gabilondo Joseba
Published: May 2020

This article is a first attempt to elaborate a Hispanic reading and relocation of Europe and modernity in an Atlantic space/time that is neither European nor modern, and can be denominated Atlantic transmodernity (Dussel). The goal is not to refashion a more problematic Europe and modernity, even in a postcolonial fashion, by provincializing it (Chakrabarty), but rather to create a new geopolitical space, the Hispanic Atlantic, and a temporality, an Atlantic transmodernity, that turns the idea of Europe/modernity into an ideological effect produced by the geopolitics of the Atlantic. In order to do so, the article concentrates, on the one hand, on 19th-century Spanish history of the state of exception, and, on the other, on the not-so-well known history of the inception of the concentration camp in Cuba between 1896 and 1898.
Iberian Studies: The Transatlantic Dimension
Authors: Santana Mario
Published: May 2020

The emergence of Iberian Studies as a challenge to the paradigm of Hispanism has not only forced a revision of the cultural and linguistic relations within the Iberian Peninsula, but also raised some questions about the significance of the transatlantic dimension in our field. There is no question that, both institutionally and intellectually, most programs of Spanish and Portuguese are grounded on a much touted “community of language,” and that for as long as Peninsular Hispanism, Transatlantic Studies, and Latin Americanism remain bound to the ideology of monolingualism, the close association among literatures of both sides of the Hispanic Atlantic seems secured. But this linguistic grounding is precisely what Iberian Studies needs to deconstruct in order to implement its own epistemological agenda.
Iberian Studies, which articulates the need to go beyond Spanish (and Portuguese) to properly understand the internal complexity of Iberian culture(s), may indeed widen the oceanic gap between the two blocks into which our discipline has been traditionally divided. However, the intellectual projects of Iberianism, Transatlanticism, and Latin Americanism —to the extent that they depend on the disruption of Hispanism for a successful production of new knowledge— may benefit from a common institutional location and sustained critical dialogue.