bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Review on Main Technology of Exoskeletal Robot System for Upper Limb Rehabilitation
Authors: Zhao Liang
Published: August 2014

Major function of exoskeletal robot system for upper limbs rehabilitation is to assist patient to carry out upper limbs’ rehabilitation training. Main technology of exoskeletal robot system for upper limbs rehabilitation includes design of mechanical structure of exoskeletal robot, design of control system of exoskeletal robot and implemention of data and information transmission between exoskeletal robot and upper limbs of human body. Reviewing and analyzing the specific technical development and deficiency in field of exoskeletal robot system for upper limbs rehabilitation will be important way in improving and upgrading the technology in future. Current development trend of main technology is to advance degree of comfort, accuracy and effect in rehabilitation training. Further development trend of main technology henceforth is people-oriented, strengthening effect, improving efficiency, optimizing structure and reducing energy consumption that follow science-technology ethical claims.
Analysis of Adaptive Learning Knowledge Model Based on Cloud Computing
Authors: Li Wei Ying
Published: August 2014

There is a clear lack of respect about traditional network adaptive learning system teaching on individualized assessment knowledge and building tacit knowledge, and this paper presents a knowledge model that supports personalized knowledge assessment, knowledge stored in the cloud computing environment, and construct tacit knowledge for learning body, to provide a personalized learning services for learners to achieve user to adapt the system to adapt to the user's system and two-way adaptation, this paper has guiding significance for further studies of adaptive learning systems.
The Chemical Compositions and Origin Characters of Serpentine Jade from Different Deposits
Authors: Chen Qi , Wang Yong Ya , Gan Fu Xi
Published: August 2014

This work aims to explore the sources of raw materials of archaic serpentine jade artifacts by comparing their trace element content. The major and trace elements of serpentine jade samples from different deposits in China are determined by external-beam proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). Trace element concentrations are also measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy for comparison. The relationship between the trace element content and the mechanism of serpentine formation is discussed. The results indicate that Type I jade has a small amount of Ni in it and almost no Cr and Co while significant amount of Cr, Co and Ni was found in Type II jade. Thus, this could be used to distinguish the two kinds of serpentine jade formed by different mechanisms.
Fluorine Doping Effects on the Electric Property of BiFeO3 Thin Films
Authors: Xu Fang Long , Zhao Peng Jun , Zhang Jia Qi , Xiong Xin Qian
Published: August 2014

F doping BiFeO3-xFx (x=0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08) thin films were successfully fabricated on ITO/glass substrates by sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the un-doped BiFeO3 and F doping BiFeO3 thin films presented rhombohedral structure with the space group R3c. F-doping is found to significantly enhance the dielectric constant and decrease the leakage current density for x=0.08 compared with x=0. This study provides direct evidence that the multiferroic characteristics of BiFeO3 are sensitive to the anion doping, such as F, providing a convenient alternative to manipulate the electric polarization in multiferroic oxides.
Static and Dynamic Analysis of Annular Sector Plates Subjected to Arbitrary Boundary Conditions
Authors: Zhang Kai Peng , Yang Cheng , Wu Han
Published: August 2014

In this investigation, an improved Fourier series method (IFSM) is employed to predict the static and dynamic characteristics of annular sector plates with arbitrary boundary conditions. Regardless of boundary supports, the displacement function is invariantly expressed as a modified two-dimensional Fourier series containing sine and cosine function. It is capable of dealing with the possible discontinuities at elastic boundary edges. The unknown Fourier coefficients are treated as generalized coordinates, and determined using Rayleigh-Ritz method. Unlike most of the existing solution techniques, the current approach can be universally applied to a variety of edge restraints including all classical cases and their combinations. The accuracy and reliability of the current method are fully illustrated through all the numerical examples.
Experiment of a Flat Plate Solar Water Heater Collector with Modified Design and Thermal Performance Analysis
Authors: Hossain Shouquat , Abbas Ali Wadi , Selvaraj Jeyraj , Ahmed Ferdous , Rahim Nasrudin Bin Abd
Published: August 2014

An investigation is reported of the thermal performance of a flat plate solar water heater with a circulating absorber pipe surface. The thermal performance of the 2-side parallel serpentine flow solar water heater depends significantly on the heat transfer rate between the absorber surface and the water, and on the amount of solar radiation incident on the absorber surface. The modified pipe arrangement has a higher characteristic length for convective heat transfer from the absorber to the water, in addition to having more surface area exposed to solar radiation. It means during the operation of water heater, more solar energy is converted into useful heat. However, this modification has reduced the efficiency of the system marginally.
Research on Teaching Aid of Analog Circuits Based on Magnetic Element
Authors: Zeng Wei Liang
Published: August 2014

In the traditional teaching process of analog circuit course, the connected circuit element and current trend are not intuitive and students understand difficultly. In order to solve this problem, the teaching aid of analog circuit based on magnetic elements is researched and designed, including a DC power supply, some element modules and some connecting soft lights, both ends of the connecting soft light has a connecting plug connection, element module is comprised of bottom plate, switch, socket, input slot, output slot, symbol and permanent magnet, input slot and output slot are communicated together , switch and symbol are communicated together, permanent magnet is located at the bottom of the component module. By a plurality of component modules absorbed on the surface of iron blackboard that are marked with the symbol to make up the teaching circuit, by shining of connecting soft lights to simulate the current in the circuit, the teaching content of analog circuit is vividly demonstrated and understanding of students for teaching content is improved.
Renewable Energy Sources Used to Supply Pre-School Facilities with Energy in Different Weather Conditions
Authors: Alihodzic Rifat , Murgul Vera , Vatin Nikolay , Aronova Ekaterina , Nikolić Vojislav , Tanić Milan , Stanković Danica
Published: August 2014

Pre-school facilities are considered to be specific buildings in the matter of construction and renovation. Space-planning features in design for pre-school facilities create special conditions for solar power use to ensure heat and power supply. The article deals with estimation of incoming solar power in reference to the surfaces oriented in different cardinal directions under the weather conditions of the city of Saint-Petersburg (Russia) and the city of Nish (Serbia). A model of how to ensure power supply for a kindergarten of the city of Nish is presented on the basis of the calculations analysis. The cases with regard to completed projects designed to use renewable energy sources in order to supply pre-school facilities with energy in other weather conditions are given herein.
Influence of Silt Soil Layer on the Space Seismic Design Response Spectrum
Authors: Zhou Chang Xian , Zheng Shao Peng , Ye You Qian
Published: August 2014

Research status on soil layer earthquake response analysis is summarized using deterministic analysis methods and undeterministic analysis methods. Deterministic analysis methods are in troduced according to the order of development of the methods of soil layer earthquake response, the principle and some developments of equivalent linearization method are sketched, and the structure form and the development of nonlinear dynamic constitutive model is also introduced. Undeterministic analysis methods are introduced according to the hypothesis that the stochastic process can be applied expediently to soil layer earthquake response analysis. The stochastic process application to soil layer earthquake response analysis and the development are introduced. It is also pointed out the developing direction of the soil layer earthquake response analysis.
Research on Foundation Stability of Building Based on Foundation Bearing Capacity
Authors: Pei Han Rui
Published: August 2014

Foundation stability can ensure the building is safe and reliable. Reliability of the building depends not only on the reliability of structural members and the entire structure of the system. In this paper, there is the aspect of soil to make the analysis of the reliability and stability of the foundation of the issues involved temporarily upper structure. The paper takes subsidence areas as the engineering background, combines with its mining geological conditions and applies comprehensively soil mechanics, probability integration method, and numerical simulation method and so on. According to the theoretical calculating formula of ground bearing capacity in the soil mechanics theory, analyze the major influential factors of building ground bearing capacity in subsidence areas, and they are internal friction angle, cohesive, and foundation base buried depth, especially physical and mechanical properties of soil.
A Study on the Phenomenological Constitutive Model of Mg-12Gd-5Y-3Zn-0.6Zr Magnesium Alloy Forming at Elevated Temperature
Authors: Lu Guang , Zhang Zhi Min , Xue Yong , Li Bao Cheng
Published: August 2014

Quantities Mg-12Gd-5Y-3Zn-0.6Zr magnesium alloy billets were compressed with true strain 0.7 on hot process simulator at 350,400,450,480°C under strain rates of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 0.5s-1. A constitutive model with a few parameters is used to characterize the dynamic recrystallization strain softening of Mg-12Gd-5Y-3Zn-0.6Zr alloy, which comprehensively reflect the effects of the deformation temperature, strain and strain rate on flow stress.
Tests and Research on Characteristics of Shear Strength of Cement Improved Soil under Freeze-Thaw Cycle
Authors: Zhao An Ping , Tang Ai Ping , Sun Jing , Yu Xue Mei
Published: August 2014

Roadbed filling undergo at least one freeze-thaw cycle every year in seasonal frozen soil areas, which will lead subgrade to boiling, settlement, strength weakening etc. and has a strong impact on traffic safety and smooth, need to be solved urgently . In recent years, cement improved soil is applied to dissolve frost damage because it can be obtained locally, and has high performance and low price. However, how to evaluate strength of cement soil under repeated freeze-thaw cycles is the key to its further application in those regions. In the paper, the cement improved silty clay is selected as the object which is most common in Heilongjiang roadbed, many groups of freeze-thaw tests and direct shear tests are conducted at different conditions. From these tests, some conclusions about shear strength index and are obtained: 1. the first freeze-thaw cycle has important effect on cohesion of cement soil, during freeze-thaw cycle, the lower temperature is, the faster is decreasing. 2. decreases with freeze-thaw cycles increase, and there is a peak value existing after the seventh cycle, then reduce rapidly. 3. the internal friction angle appears decreasing – increasing–reducing– increasing trend during cycles but the range of change is little. 4. reduces smaller and increases more when temperature is lower.
Study on Evaluation Index of Hard Machining Materials Based on the Application Feature
Authors: Wu Zhi Yuan , Zhang Kang , Tang Xiu Jian , Tian Xin Li
Published: August 2014

For the same hard machining materials, the tool life, the axial distance for cutting and the material removal amount were adopted for the orthogonal test. The results show that the high tool life usually corresponds to low cutting parameters, which means the poor processing efficiency. The results have poor potential applications. The axial distance for cutting and the material removal amount can represent the machined surfaces and the removal quantity of materials, respectively, which can perfectly reflect the relation between cutting parameters and application effect. In the optimization test, the processing efficiencies by two evaluation parameters are all better than by tool life. But it's important to note that the results by two parameters are different, the special works still need to be made according to the real situation.
Strengthening and Application Research of Carburized and Subsequently Niobiumized 40CrNiMo Steel
Authors: Liu Jun , Yang Hao
Published: August 2014

The strengthening treatment of carburized and subsequently niobiumized 40CrNiMo steel used for cutting pick has been discussed, and the microstructure and composition of niobiumizing layer are investigated by metallographic microscope, SEM and EDS, and XRD, which are compared with conventional strengthening treatment specimens in lab and working situation respectively. The results indicate that the main phases are NbC and Nb6C5 in the niobiumized layer, and the loss of weight of carburized and subsequently niobiumizing strengthening specimens is 58.4% of conventional strengthening ones ,and the working service life of cutting pick is increased by 69.0% ~ 78.1%.
Effect of Bending Speed on Forming Quality of 0Cr21Ni6Mn9N Stainless Steel Tube NC Bending
Authors: Fang Jun , Lu Shi Qiang , Wang Ke Lu , Yao Zheng Jun
Published: August 2014

Based on the nonlinear FE platform ABAQUS, an elastic plastic 3D-FE model of 0Cr21Ni6Mn9N stainless steel tube was established to simulate the whole process, and its reliability was validated by experiment. Using the model, the effect of bending speed on forming quality was studied and the influence laws of bending speed on wrinkling wave ratio, wall thinning, cross section deformation and springback angle were revealed. The results show that the wrinkling wave ratio and springback angle decrease with the increasing of bending speed, while the effect of bending speed on wall thinning and cross section deformation are not significant. The maximum cross section deformation degree presents in the vicinity of the bending angle 30° along the bending direction and its position is almost unchanged with the variation of bending speed.
Experimental Study on Aggregate RAC
Authors: Tan Xiao Rong
Published: August 2014

With the transformation of China's urbanization and accelerated pace of urban agglomeration, increasing construction waste has brought the conflict between the development of urban and environmental degradation. To use recycled aggregate (RA) to a certain extent eased pollution on the environment. Because of the source of RA cause exist quality poor stability, dispersion and other shortcomings. By test, comparative analysis the differences indicators between recycled aggregate and natural aggregate, brick gravel content of recycled coarse aggregate performance indicators in particular made ​​a crushing value performance test. As the research properties of recycled aggregate and adapted to the local grading standards provide a frame of reference.
Preparation and Application of Water-Based Fire Retardant of Ammonium Phosphate
Authors: Zhang Xu , Li Dan , Xie Hua , Wang Di
Published: August 2014

The water-based fire retardant is one kind of additive type flame retardant, which uses water as the dispersion medium and improves the flame retardant performance of wood, fabric or cardboard by spraying or dipping. In this paper, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and diammonium phosphate were used as raw materials for preparing the water-based flame retardants according to four different proportions of 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50. Three kinds of fabrics were disposed with the retardant firstly, and then dried in the air, at last immersed in water, liquid soap and detergent solution with one hour. Air dried fabrics were characterized by differential thermal and thermal gravimetric analysis, and effect of water-based fire retardant of ammonium phosphate on the thermal decomposition properties also discussed on the basis of the experimental data. These results may have significant potential towards exploring preparation and application of other water-based flame retardants.
Dynamic Compression Behavior of Ti-6Al-4V Plates Prepared by a Single Electron Beam Cold Hearth Melted Ingot
Authors: Liu Rui , Hui Song Xiao , Ye Wen Jun , Yu Yang , Fu Yan Yan , Song Xiao Yun , Li Cheng Lin
Published: August 2014

Ti-6Al-4V plates in thickness of 8 mm were directly hot rolled and then heat treated in various routes by a single electron beam cold hearth melted (EBCHM) ingot, in which the weight percentage of recycled titanium scraps was at least about 50 wt%. The dynamic stress-strain behaviors of the plates with typical microstructures were investigated by Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar system at the strain rates of 2000 s-1~ 3000 s-1. The results show that the dynamic compression properties of EBCHM-ingot Ti-6Al-4V plates are relative to that of commercial VAR-ingot plates. The dynamic properties in normal direction of the plates are not sensitive to variations in the fraction of primary alpha phase.
Phase Chemistry and Thermal Chemistry on the Calcium-Containing Brine Systems
Authors: Bu Bai Hui , Li Fei , Guo Ya Fei , Wang Shi Qiang , Deng Tian Long
Published: August 2014

It is well known that phase equilibria and phase diagrams can successfully guide the comprehensive utilization of the salt lake resources. The researches on phase chemistry and thermal chemistry of the calcium-containing brine system are essential to promote the development of brines. In this paper, the progresses on the phase chemistry and thermal chemistry of the calcium-containing brine system around the world from 2007 up to now were summarized. The problems existed and the new trends in the future were also carried out.
Study on Nano-Diamond Cathode Field Emission and Characteristics of Luminescence by Electrophoresis
Authors: Li Wei Xia , Yang Yan Ning , Liu Qiao Ping , Ruan Xing Xiang , Zhang Fu Chun , Jiang Shuo
Published: August 2014

Cathode samples of titanium-based nanodiamond field emission were prepared by electrophoresis dispersed solutions in different formulas. Observe the surface and structure of the coating by using metaloscope, microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD); Test the field emission characteristic after annealing; Analyze the relation between the samples’ light photos and the uniformity of coating; Discuss the mechanism of the improved field emission characteristic after annealing. Under the same conditions the surface uniformity of diamond coating prepared by isobutyl alcohol is best,it is the minimum threshold electric field emission, 5.5 V/μm, the current density can reach to 85μA/cm2 at the field of 15V/μm. Field emission characteristic and luminescence could be best after annealing.
Investigation on the Fano Line Shaped Raman Modes of the Hydroxyl and Deuteroxyl Cobalt Chlorides
Authors: Liu Xiao Dong , Meng Dong Dong , Zheng Xu Guang , Xu Xing Liang , Gao Sen
Published: August 2014

The low temperature Raman spectroscopic (4000-95 cm–1) investigation on the hydroxyl cobalt chloride Co2(OH)3Cl and deuteroxyl cobalt chloride Co2(OD)3Cl polycrystalline samples has been performed from the room temperature down to 4 K closing to the liquid Helium temperature. Lineshapes of Raman modeEg(about 130 cm–1assigned to the normal symmetrically bending vibration mode of the [ClCo3] group for both kinds of samples) are found to be apparently asymmetric Fano lineshapes when the temperatures are below 230 K. This phenomenon is preliminarily attributed to the effect of electron-phonon coupling and a continuum of electronic states centered at about 16 meV with an upper limit 18.5 meV is suggested in this report.
Synthesis of Substituted Ethyl Argiosulfonylcarbamates
Authors: Wu Chun Jiang , Chen Chen , Sun Cheng Yu , Lei Fei , Fang Hai Hong , Zheng Peng Wu , Luo Rong , Zhu Wu Fu
Published: August 2014

A series of substituted ethyl argiosulfonylcarbamates were synthesized from substituted aromatics through three steps including chlorosulfonation, ammonolysis, nucleophilic addition and their structures were confirmed by1H NMR and MS spectrum. The results showed that the yields of compounds were higher than 80%.
Study on Corrosion of X80 Pipeline Steel in Different Water Content of Soil
Authors: Yu Shu Zhen , Xu Guang Jun , Song Han Hua , Zhu Xun , Lu Wen We , Cheng Yuan
Published: August 2014

The electrochemical corrosion of X80 pipeline steel in Xinzhou’s soil with different water content is tested and analyzed. The corrosion signal time and frequency domain figure show that the corrosion signal fluctuates all the time in 30 days’ test with low water content (14%). The slope of high-frequency linear segment in the potential PSD is smaller than it is at the beginning. In the soil with the middle water content (18%), the intense wave motion lasts for 15 days. The noise fluctuation only exists before the third days when in the high water content soil (22%). After the third day, linear drift can be observed but no transient peak. The slope of high-frequency linear segment changes obviously compared with the situation in the beginning. And the high-frequency white noise appears.
Preparation and Characterization of TiO2/Coconut-Activated Carbon Photocatalytic Materials
Authors: Zhao Chuan Bao , Shi Dong Mei , Lin Bo Tao , Jia Yan Qiang
Published: August 2014

Using Ti (OC4H9)4as the precursor,and GAC as carrier, making use of technology of hydrolyzation and natural assembling,TiO2/GAC composite material was preparated at the lower temperature.The characterization of obtained TiO2/Coconut-Activated Carbon’scrystal structure and appearance by XRD and SEM.The adsorption capacity and photocatalytic performance on phenol were measured.Results show that TiO2/GAC surface was well-distributed and remains a little interspace.A nanocrystal TiO2aerogel size is without 30nm.The sample shows lower adsorption compared to GAC.But photocatalytic efficiency was higher than GAC under the exposure of the sunlight or the violet.
The Crack Tip Fields for Anti-Plane Crack in FGPM of x Linear Function
Authors: Dai Yao , Chong Xiao , Huang Jin Cai
Published: August 2014

The higher order crack tip fields for an anti-plane crack in functionally graded piezoelectric materials (FGPMs) under mechanical and electrical loadings are studied. Different from previous analyses, all material properties of FGPMs are assumed to be linear functions of x parallel to the crack. The boundary conditions on crack surfaces are assumed to be the stress free and electrically impermeable. By using the eigen-expansion method, the problem is reduced to solving the system of ordinary differential equations. The higher order stress and electric displacement crack tip fields for FGPMs are obtained by solving the ordinary differential equations.
Fracture Prediction Simulation for Crystalline Polymer Using Homogenized Molecular Chain Plasticity and Craze Evolution Models
Authors: Hara Hideyuki , Shizawa Kazuyuki
Published: August 2014

The fracture of ductile polymers occurs on the boundary between the molecular chain-oriented and non-oriented regions after the neck propagation. This behavior is caused by the concentration of craze that is a microscopic damage typically observed in polymers. In addition, it is known that the ductility of polymers decreases both at a high and a low strain rates in comparison with that at a middle one. In this paper, FE simulations are carried out for a crystalline polymer subjected to the tensile load at some strain rates by use of a homogenized molecular chain plasticity model and a craze evolution equation based on the chemical kinetics. Furthermore, failure criteria are proposed from an experiment on fibril strength. A fracture prediction based on the craze accumulation and the failure of fibrils is demonstrated applying the criteria to the numerical results. It is indicated that the fracture occurs at a smaller strain under a high and a low strain rate conditions than under a middle one.
Effect of Asperity Plastic Deformation on the Interface Friction in Metal Forming
Authors: Wu Chu Han , Zhang Liang Chi , Li Shan Qing , Jiang Zheng Lian , Qu Pei Lei
Published: August 2014

This paper investigates the effect of the plastic deformation of surface asperities on the interface friction in metal forming involving multi-scale deformation with random surface topography. The equivalent interfacial layer (EIL) introduced by the authors previously was used to integrate the Reynolds equation with the plastic deformation of the randomly distributed surface asperities. The contributions of solid-lubricant interaction, lubricant viscosity and microscopic deformation were therefore included efficiently in a conventional macroscopic finite element analysis. The merit of the method was demonstrated by an investigation into the metal strip rolling, whose friction, lubrication and pressure distribution are otherwise hard to be characterized accurately.
Investigation on Intragranular Stress of Mg Including Several Twin-Bands Using Dislocation-Based Crystal Plasticity and Phase-Field Models
Authors: Kondo Ruho , Tadano Yuichi , Shizawa Kazuyuki
Published: August 2014

A coupled model based on crystal plasticity and phase field theories that express both plastic anisotropy of HCP metals and expansion/shrinkage of twin-bands is proposed in the present study. In this model, the difference of the hardening rate in each slip system is expressed by changing their dislocation mobility as a numerical parameter defined in the crystal plasticity framework. The stress calculated via crystal plasticity analysis becomes to the driving force of multi-phase filed equations that express the evolution of twin bands of several variants, which include both the growth and shrinkage. Solving this equation set, the rate of twinning/detwinning and the mirror-transformed crystal basis in the twinned/detwinned phase are obtained and then, crystal plasticity analysis is carried out again. Using the present model, a uniaxial cyclic loading simulation along [0001] direction on the specimen including two variants of twin-bands is carried out by means of finite element method (FEM). The results show that the detwinning stress decreases with increase of the pre-tensioned strain. This is caused by a residual compression stress resulting from the twin shearing that occurs in the vicinity of two twin boundaries approaching each other.
Investigation on the Improvement of Magnetic Properties by Hot Deformation Processes for NdFeB Magnets
Authors: Chen Yen Ju , Chang Chao Cheng , Hsiao Po Jen , Chang Can Xun
Published: August 2014

Traditionally, NdFeB magnets with high remanent flux density or high energy product could only be manufactured through altering the material compounds. In recent years, studies indicated that the magnet properties of NdFeB magnets could be improved through plastic deformation. These studies pointed out that the degree of plastic deformation is a key factor to improve magnetic properties. However, there are still many other process parameters that could affect the magnetic properties either positively or negatively. In this paper, process parameters such as strain, strain rate, and temperature are studied to illustrate their influences on the magnetic properties of NdFeB magnets. The magnetic property could be greatly improved when the preferred orientation appears on the microstructure of deformed NdFeB magnets. One of the experimental results showed that the energy product value had been increased by 76.7% when the effective strain value had reached 0.65. Experimental results also showed that strain rate is a dominating factor with regard to the flow stress of material. Through a proper combination of these parameters, one can obtain NdFeB magnets with their magnetic properties greatly improved.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Plastic Deformation of Diamond at an Elevated Temperature
Authors: Fung K.Y. , Tang C.Y. , Cheung Chi Fai , Law Wing Cheung
Published: August 2014

Single point diamond tools are commonly used for ultraprecision machining. At high cutting speeds, frictional contact and local heat may cause material damage to the diamond tool. The diamond crystal is softened and its mechanical strength decreases with the increase in temperature. Plastic deformation of diamonds was recently reported in some experimental studies. In this work, a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was implemented to predict the deformation of single crystal diamond at various temperatures. Diamond is brittle at room temperature, however, it starts to exhibit plastic dislocation at a temperature above 1200 K under a confining pressure. The condition in ultraprecision machining is indeed a temperature gradient distribution at the tool tip, between the maximum temperature at the tool-workpiece interface and the average temperature at the core. The simulation results predicted that diamond deformed plastically under the gradient between 1500K and 860K. It is surprising that secondary cracks were resulted from the gradient, as comparing to a single slip obtained in an evenly distributed temperature. Bond dissociation nucleated the fractures along the (111) shuffle planes, perfect dislocation merely occurred in the hot zone and sp3-to-sp2 disorder at the cool zone. The temperature gradient created a lattice mismatch and nucleated the secondary cracks. The results give an insight that a catastrophic fracture and local material damage can occur at a diamond tool tip at the cutting temperature above 1200 K, due to softening and graphitization.
Numerical Limit Load Analysis of Pipelines with Local Wall-Thinning
Authors: Xu Bing Ye , Liu Ying Hua , Du Xian He , Chen Gang
Published: August 2014

Local wall-thinning, which can be found frequently on the surfaces of pipelines, may not only reduce the load-carrying capacities of pipelines, but also cause serious industrial accidents. In this paper, through a large number of computational examples, the effects of axial, circumferential, small area and large area local wall-thinning with different sizes on load-carrying capacities and failure modes of pipelines under both internal pressure and bending moment were investigated and evaluated. By data fitting, an engineering computational formula for plastic limit loads of pipelines with local wall-thinning was presented.
Briefing of CSC and its R & D Activities for Metal Forming
Authors: Wang Shyi Chin
Published: August 2014

China Steel Corporation was founded in 1971 being the largest integrate steel mill in Taiwan. After several stages of expansion projects, its crude steel production has reached 16.5 million tons annually. CSC has made consistent efforts on its technology innovation mainly carried out by two R & D departments. One of the major tasks of its R & D activities is to establish the advanced technologies for the manufacturing better steels and aluminum alloys as well as product application technology for downstream users. This presentation will mainly brief the research activities of CSC in the field of metal forming including rolling, sheet metal forming and thermal mechanical simulations carried out at Gleeble 3800. Work rolls with continuously variable crown (CVC) were applied to produce hot-rolled strips having precise profile and flatness. Lubrication rolling technology with high speed steel rolls was developed to diminish the wearing of work rolls at hot strip mills. The campaign life of rolling cycle was greatly prolonged. Computer-aided engineering (CAE) simulation technology of sheet metal forming has been established which proved to be an effective way to deal with the sever spring back and breakage of the cold forming of high strength steel automobile parts. Hot stamping has also been developed to support the technology innovation of CSC’s downstream customers. Flow stress and microstructure evolution during hot rolling for aluminum alloys were investigated using a Gleeble 3800 simulator. Both high strength AA5182 for can end and low earing AA3104 for can body aluminum sheets have been successfully developed.
Open Cell Al-Si Foams by a Sintering and Dissolution Process
Authors: Gherasim Gabriel , Thalmaier György , Sechel Niculina , Cziple Florentina , Petrescu Valentin , Vida-Simiti Ioan
Published: August 2014

Open cell foams from AlSi12 alloy were successfully fabricated by the Sintering and Dissolution Process, using NaCl as space holder (60 %). The size of the aluminum alloy powder is less than 45 μm, while the space holder powder size is 315-500 μm, 630-800 μm and 800-1250 μm respectively. The appropriate quantities of alloy powder and salt were mixed and cold pressed at 250 MPa. The sintering process was done at 500 °C and 545 °C, in vacuum (10-5torr) for 10, 20 and 30 minutes respectively. The space holder was eliminated by holding the sintered samples in running hot water (70 °C). After the salt was dissolved, the samples were dried and the mass loss was analyzed. Keywords: Aluminum foam, Powder metallurgy, Sintering and dissolution process
Impact of the Point Spread Function on Maximum Standardized Uptake Value Measurements in Patients with Pulmonary Cancer
Authors: Gellee S , Page J , Sanghera B , Payoux P , Wagner Thomas
Published: August 2014

Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) from fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) scans is a semi quantitative measure that is increasingly used in the clinical practice for diagnostic and therapeutic response assessment purposes. Technological advances such as the implementation of the point spread function (PSF) in the reconstruction algorithm have led to higher signal to noise ratio and increased spatial resolution. The impact on SUVmax measurements has not been studied in clinical setting. We studied the impact of PSF on SUVmax in 30 consecutive lung cancer patients. SUVmax values were measured on PET-computed tomography (CT) scans reconstructed iteratively with and without PSF (respectively high-definition [HD] and non-HD). HD SUVmax values were significantly higher than non-HD SUVmax. There was excellent correlation between HD and non-HD values. Details of reconstruction and PSF implementation in particular have important consequences on SUV values. Nuclear Medicine physicians and radiologists should be aware of the reconstruction parameters of PET-CT scans when they report or rely on SUV measurements.
Homological Planes in the Grothendieck Ring of Varieties
Authors: Sebag Julien
Published: August 2014

In this note we identify the classes of Q-homological planes in the Grothendieck group of complex varieties K0(VarC). Precisely, we prove that a connected, smooth, affine, complex, algebraic surface X is a Q-homological plane if and only if [X] = in the ring K0(VarC) and Pic(X)Q := Pic(X) ⊗z Q = 0.
A posteriori calculation of δ18O and δD in atmospheric water vapour from ground-based near-infrared FTIR retrievals of H216O, H218O, and HD16O
Authors: Rokotyan N. V. , Zakharov V. I. , Gribanov K. G. , Schneider M. , Bréon F.-M. , Jouzel J. , Imasu R. , Werner M. , Butzin M. , Petri C. , Warneke T. , Notholt J.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. This paper investigates the scientific value of retrieving H218O and HDO columns in addition to H216O columns from high-resolution ground-based near-infrared spectra. We present a set of refined H216O, H218O, and HDO spectral windows. The retrieved H216O, H218O, and HDO columns are used for an a posteriori calculation of columnar δD and δ18O. We estimate the uncertainties for the so-calculated columnar δD and δ18O values. These estimations include uncertainties due to the measurement noise, errors in the a priori data, and uncertainties in spectroscopic parameters. Time series of δ18O obtained from ground-based FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectra are presented for the first time. For our study we use a full physics isotopic general circulation model (ECHAM5-wiso). We show that the full physics simulation of HDO and H218O can already be reasonably predicted from the H216O columns by a simple linear regression model (scatter values between full physics and linear regression simulations are 35 and 4‰ for HDO and H218O, respectively). We document that the columnar δD and δ18O values as calculated a posteriori from the retrievals of H216O, H218O, and HDO show a better agreement with the ECHAM5-wiso simulation than the δD and δ18O values as calculated from the H216O retrievals and the simple linear regression model. This suggests that the H218O and HDO column retrievals add complementary information to the H216O retrievals. However, these data have to be used carefully, because of the different vertical sensitivity of the H216O, H218O, and HDO columnar retrievals. Furthermore, we have to note that the retrievals use reanalysis humidity profiles as a priori input and the results are thus not independent of the reanalysis data.
Computation of a new mean dynamic topography for the Mediterranean Sea from model outputs, altimeter measurements and oceanographic in situ data
Authors: Rio M.-H. , Pascual A. , Poulain P.-M. , Menna M. , Barceló B. , Tintoré J.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. The accurate knowledge of the ocean's mean dynamic topography (MDT) is a crucial issue for a number of oceanographic applications and, in some areas of the Mediterranean Sea, important limitations have been found pointing to the need of an upgrade. We present a new MDT that was computed for the Mediterranean Sea. It profits from improvements made possible by the use of extended data sets and refined processing. The updated data set spans the 1993–2012 period and consists of drifter velocities, altimetry data, hydrological profiles and model data. The methodology is similar to the previous MDT by Rio et al. (2007). However, in Rio et al. (2007) no hydrological profiles had been taken into account. This required the development of dedicated processing. A number of sensitivity studies have been carried out to obtain the most accurate MDT as possible. The main results from these sensitivity studies are the following: moderate impact to the choice of correlation scales but almost negligible sensitivity to the choice of the first guess (model solution). A systematic external validation to independent data has been made to evaluate the performance of the new MDT. Compared to previous versions, SMDT-MED-2014 (Synthetic Mean Dynamic Topography of the MEDiterranean sea) features shorter-scale structures, which results in an altimeter velocity variance closer to the observed velocity variance and, at the same time, gives better Taylor skills.
Follow the money: A study of cashtags on Twitter
Authors: Hentschel Martin , Alonso Omar
Published: August 2014

The popularity of Twitter goes beyond trending topics, world events, memes, and popular hashtags. Recently a new way of sharing financial information is taking place in social media under the name of cashtags, stock ticker symbols that are prefixed with a dollar sign. In this paper we present an exploratory analysis of cashtags on Twitter. Specifically, we investigate how widespread cashtags are, what stock symbols are tweeted more often, and which users tweet about cashtags in general. We analyze relationships among cashtags and study hashtags in the context of cashtags. Finally, we compare tweet performance to stock market performance. We conclude that cashtags, in particular in combination with other cashtags or hashtags, can be very useful for analyzing financial information and provide new insights into stocks and companies.
“There’s no place for lulz on LOLCats”: The role of genre, gender, and group identity in the interpretation and enjoyment of an Internet meme
Authors: Miltner Kate M.
Published: August 2014

Internet memes are an increasingly widespread form of vernacular communication. This paper uses LOLCats, one of the most popular and enduring Internet memes, as a case study for exploring some of the social and cultural forces that contribute to memes’ popularity, both individually and as a whole. A qualitative audience study of 36 LOLCat enthusiasts indicates that individual memes can be used by multiple (and vastly different) groups for identity work as well as in–group boundary establishment and policing. This study also shows that as memes travel from subculture to the mainstream, they can be sites of contestation and conflict amongst different stakeholders looking to legitimize their claim to the canonical form.
A balancing act: The ideal and the realistic in developing Dryad’s preservation policy
Authors: Mannheimer Sara , Yoon Ayoung , Greenberg Jane , Feinstein Elena , Scherle Ryan
Published: August 2014

Data preservation has gained momentum and visibility in connection with the growth in digital data and data sharing policies. The Dryad Repository, a curated general–purpose repository for preserving and sharing the data underlying scientific publications, has taken steps to develop a preservation policy to ensure the long–term persistence of this archived data. In 2013, a Preservation Working Group, consisting of Dryad staff and national and international experts in data management and preservation, was convened to guide the development of a preservation policy. This paper describes the policy development process, outcomes, and lessons learned in the process. To meet Dryad’s specific needs, Dryad’s preservation policy negotiates between the ideal and the realistic, including complying with broader governing policies, matching current practices, and working within system constraints.
RESTRIÇÕES E IMPACTOS DA LEGISLAÇÃO AMBIENTAL NO MUNICÍPIO DE GUARAQUEÇABA, PR
Authors: Rochadelli Roberto , Silva Ivan Crespo , Kasseboehmer Ana Lívia , Schneider Alessandro Vinicios , Hosokawa Roberto Tuyoshy
Published: August 2014

O município de Guaraqueçaba, localizado no litoral norte do estado do Paraná, possui aspectos de notável relevância ambiental no contexto brasileiro, especialmente por apresentar uma considerável quantidade de unidades de conservação (UC’s), cujo objetivo é proteger o terceiro mais importante complexo lagunar-estuarino do mundo e sua vasta cobertura de Floresta Atlântica, com elevada biodiversidade. Por outro lado, a região abriga comunidades tradicionais caiçaras. O objetivo deste trabalho foi, a partir de três anos de observação e tomada de dados das comunidades locais, diagnosticar e analisar os diferentes impactos decorrentes das restrições geradas pelas unidades de conservação, tomando-se a Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) de Guaraqueçaba como centro de análise, bem como outros instrumentos legais de conservação atuantes nos municípios. Foram identificados impactos sociais, culturais e econômicos sobre a população, decorrentes dos instrumentos legais existentes, principalmente a APA de Guaraqueçaba e o Parque Nacional do Superagui. Os instrumentos restritivos da legislação ambiental, juntamente com as UCs existentes, criaram instabilidade entre os munícipes e forjaram conflitos ambientais, sendo desfavoráveis à melhoria da qualidade de vida da população local. A desconsideração do contexto local, na forma de saberes, condições sociais e econômicas, cultura, tradições e perspectivas, contribuiu para o agravamento dos conflitos identificados. AbstractEnvironmental law restrictions and impacts in Guaraqueçaba, PR. Guaraqueçaba city, located in the north coast of Paraná State, presents remarkable and relevant environmental issues, especially by aiming to protect one of the most important sea ecosystems of the world and its vast coverage of Atlantic Forest. On the other hand, the region shelters traditional communities. This research aimed to identify and analyze different recurrent impacts of the restrictions generated by the protected areas, having a Protected Area (APA) of Guaraqueçaba as the center of analysis, as well as the other conservation legal instruments in the city, considering its emblematic situation. It identified social, cultural and economic impacts on the Guaraqueçaba population caused by legal instruments, particularly the Guaraqueçaba APA and the Superagüi National Park. As one of the conclusions of the research is that restrictive law instruments and the existence of CU’s have created instability among the townspeople and had forged environmental conflicts, not favorable to the improvement of quality life of the local population. The disrespect in relation to the local context, as local knowledge, social and economic conditions, culture, traditions and its perspectives, has also contributed for the conflicts aggravation.Keywords: Conservancy units; environmental protection areas.
EFEITOS DE DIFERENTES SUBSTRATOS NA PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE Sebastiania commersoniana
Authors: Boene Horácia Celina Armando Mula , Nogueira Antonio Carlos , Sousa Nilton José , Kratz Dagma , Souza Paulo Vitor Dutra de
Published: August 2014

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade técnica da utilização de diferentes substratos para a produção de mudas de Sebastiania commersoniana e relacionar suas características físicas e químicas com a qualidade das mudas produzidas. Para tanto, foram formulados 22 substratos, os quais tiveram suas propriedades físicas e químicas avaliadas, sendo a semeadura realizada em tubetes de 120 cm³, acondicionados em casa de sombra, com irrigação controlada. Para a análise dos resultados, foram feitas avaliações de altura, diâmetro de colo, biomassa seca aérea e radicial, facilidade de retirada do tubete, agregação das raízes ao substrato, índice de qualidade de Dickson e relação altura e diâmetro de colo aos 180 dias. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, conclui-se que o melhor substrato testado foi o substrato comercial à base de casca de pinus. Os componentes renováveis, casca de arroz carbonizada, fibra de coco e substrato comercial à base de casca de pinus, apresentaram-se viáveis tecnicamente para produção de mudas de branquilho, enquanto que a casca de arroz carbonizada pura e vermiculita fina não apresentaram viabilidade. No que se refere às propriedades dos substratos, apenas a densidade aparente, pH, Ca e P apresentaram correlação com as variáveis biométricas das mudas. AbstractEffects of different substrates in production of Sebastiania commersoniana seedling. The aim of this research was to evaluate technical feasibility of using different substrates for production of seedlings of Sebastiania commersoniana and relate physical and chemical characteristics to the quality of the produced seedlings. In order to that, 22 substrates were formulated, with their physical and chemical properties evaluated, sowed in tubes of 120 cc, and put in shade, under controlled irrigation. For the results analysis, it evaluated height, stem diameter, air and radicial biomass, ease of removability, root aggregation to the substrate, Dickson quality index, and relation of height and diameter at 180 days. According to the obtained results, the best substrate tested was the commercial pine bark based substrate. The renewable components, carbonized rice hulls, coconut fiber, and commercial pine bark based substrate presented technical feasibility to produce Sebastiania commersoniana seedlings, on the other hand pure carbonized rice hulls and fine vermiculite did not. Towards the properties of the substrates, only bulk density, pH, Ca, and P correlated with biometric variables of the seedlings.Keywords: Branquilho; carbonized rice hulls; coconut fiber; pine bark; forest nursery.