bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pain sensitivity in relation to frequency of migraine and tension-type headache with or without coexistent neck pain: an exploratory secondary analysis of the population study
Authors: Ashina Sait , Bendtsen Lars , Burstein Rami , Iljazi Afrim , Jensen Rigmor Hoejland , Lipton Richard B.
Published: September 2022

Objectives

We aimed to investigate whether coexistent self-reported neck pain influences cephalic and extracephalic pain sensitivity in individuals with migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) in relation to diagnosis and headache frequency.

Methods

A population of 496 individuals completed a headache interview based on ICHD criteria, providing data collected by self-administered questionnaires, assessments of pericranial total tenderness score (TTS) and pressure pain thresholds (PPT). Stimulus-response (SR) functions for pressure vs. pain were recorded. Presence of neck pain in the past year was assessed by the self-administered questionnaire. We categorized participants by primary headache type. We also categorized participants into 3 groups by headache frequency: chronic (≥15) or episodic (<15 headache days/month) headache and controls. TTS, PPTs and the area under the SR curve were compared between subgroups using Generalized Linear Models with pairwise comparisons controlling for age and sex.

Results

Individuals with chronic followed by episodic headache had higher TTS than controls (overall p≤0.001). The difference between chronic and episodic headache subgroups was significant in the group with neck pain (p≤0.001) but not in the group without neck pain. In individuals with neck pain, mean TTS was higher in coexistent headache (migraine and TTH), 23.2 ± 10.7, and pure TTH, 17.8 ± 10.3, compared to pure migraine, 15.9 ± 10.9 and no headache 11.0 ± 8.3 (overall p<0.001). Temporal and finger PPTs did not statistically differ among the chronic headache, the episodic headache and controls in individuals with and without neck pain. Temporalis and trapezius SR-functions showed that tenderness was increased in individuals with chronic headache to higher degree than in those with episodic headache, and more so in those with neck pain.

Conclusions

Coexistent neck pain is associated with greater pericranial tenderness in individuals with chronic headache and to a lesser degree in those with episodic headache. Sensitization may be a substrate or consequence of neck pain and primary headache, but a longitudinal study would be needed for further clarification.
Ablaufoptimierung in einer Halbleiterfertigung
Authors: Schneidewind Jan , Lorenz Björn
Published: September 2022

Bei der Ablaufplanung automatisierter Anlagen wird häufig ein regelbasiertes, iteratives Verfahren angewandt. In dieser Studie wird am Beispiel einer Nassbank aus der Halbleiterindustrie gezeigt, welches Potenzial dadurch verloren geht und wie die Ablaufplanung optimiert werden kann. Des Weiteren wird untersucht, wie sich durch Anpassungen am Aufbau der Anlage die durchschnittliche Durchlaufzeit noch weiter reduzieren lässt.
Arqueologia, lugar de fala e conexões afrodiaspóricas
Authors: Pereira de Moraes Irislane , Alves Costa Luciana , Lopes de Jesus Luciana
Published: September 2022

Neste trabalho nos reunimos para compartilhar pertencimentos e experiências de pesquisa arqueológica de base comunitária vivenciadas no território quilombola dos Povos do Aproaga, situado no nordeste paraense - Amazônia. Em parceria com a Associação Quilombola Unidos dos Rio Capim (AQURC) temos nos dedicado a reconhecer a memória e a existência quilombola, e a ressaltar os seus respectivos processos de aquilombamento da terra. Ao percebermos a arqueologia enquanto uma ciência branca e eurocêntrica permeada por racismo e colonialidades, tornou-se premente a concepção de formas alternativas à lógica colonial operante nos seus modos de pensar e pesquisar. Assumimos a afrorreferencialidade, a ancestralidade e a representatividade etnico-racial enquanto pressupostos da abordagem teórico-metodológica, dos objetivos e da equipe de pesquisa. Afinal, mais que descolonizar a arqueologia, trata-se da criação de espaços seguros para nossa atuação intelectual comprometida com nossas comunidades afrodiaspóricas junto à emergência de reconhecimentos de nossas histórias a partir das cosmopercepções e epistemologias negras.
Uma arqueologia do abandono
Authors: Lika Hattori Márcia
Published: September 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é propor uma reflexão sobre o abandono institucional e a materialização da colonialidade no racismo estrutural e classismo sob corpos a partir de formas de violência de estado que são naturalizadas. Analiso especificamente como se constrói a cidadania na morte, a partir de um olhar sobre o tratamento de funcionários e instituições de corpos categorizados como “desconhecidos” pela burocracia estatal durante a ditadura empresarial militar brasileira. Essa análise tem como eixo central a compreensão de colonialidade onde ações opressoras são sustentadas sob a racialização e racionalização que se perpetuam no mundo pós-colonial sobre os sujeitos subalternizados.
Conexões atlânticas e persistências indígenas
Authors: M. Panich Lee , Omoni Hartemann Gabby
Published: September 2022

Embora a Califórnia se situe na costa do Pacífico da América do Norte, a sua história colonial tem laços duradouros com o Atlântico. Este artigo examina a arqueologia destas conexões atlânticas com uma consideração dos impactos da colonização euro-americana e da persistência indígena. As primeiras explorações europeias da região começaram no século XVI, quando a região foi reivindicada tanto pela Inglaterra como pela Espanha, mas os contatos com as comunidades indígenas californianas foram isolados e de curta duração. Mais tarde, no século XVIII, os missionários que trabalhavam para a Coroa Espanhola estabeleceram uma rede de missões através da Califórnia e da península da Baja California. Embora as missões tenham tido impacto em quase todas os aspectos da vida indígena, evidências arqueológicas e históricas demonstram como os nativos conseguiram manter suas tradições culturais e laços com seus lugares ancestrais. Depois dos Estados Unidos terem ganho o controle da Califórnia em meados do século XIX, as pessoas nativas californianas enfrentaram novos desafios, incluindo a violência dirigida em muitas partes da região. Apesar dos desafios metodológicos, as abordagens arqueológicas emergentes proporcionam uma visão de como os povos indígenas perseveraram dentro dessas situações de mudança e como podemos honrar a persistência indígena atualmente.
Escavando a violência colonial
Authors: Omoni Hartemann Gabby
Published: September 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo abordar criticamente a colonialidade arqueológica e aponta a necessidade urgente de mudanças epistemológicas no conhecimento arqueológico. Concebida como uma desobediência epistemológica afroguianesa, a Arqueologia Griótica representa uma tentativa de distanciar-se da reiteração disciplinar da violência colonial. Esta abordagem e o engajamento de duas comunidades, Moun’Roura e Moun’Wayam, permitiram abrir espaço para o conhecimento, as memórias, e as percepções de mundo afroguianesas e indígenas no âmbito do trabalho arqueológico realizado em Habitation La Caroline, um sítio de escravização na Guiana.
Dose reduction evaluation in radiosensitive tissues for head CT scans using two phantoms and bismuth eye shielding
Authors: Fernandes Lorena Cunha , Prata Mourão Arnaldo
Published: September 2022

Computed tomography is the imaging technique that most contributes to increasing the population average dose. Head scanning protocols have a very high dose in patients due to the small thicknesses of the slice for 3D image reconstruction. In this sense, radiosensitive tissues, such as the eye lenses and the thyroid, receive significant doses, as they are close to or in the irradiated field. The objective of this work is to present data on the variation of absorbed dose in the eye lenses and thyroid, with and without the use of bismuth eye shielding in head CT scans, and also to analyze the best dose-to-noise ratio in order to observe whether there is a decrease in image quality capable of rendering the proposed protocols useless. The method is based on head scans testing optimized protocols for the radiology service. Two male phantoms, one anthropomorphic and the other made in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), were used in the tests and radiochromic films were used to measure the absorbed dose values. The films were placed in the eye lenses and thyroid regions. Scans were performed on a GE CT scanner with 64-channel, Light Speed model. The obtained data allowed to observe the dose variation in the tissues and to conclude which of used protocols presented has the best noise-to-dose ratio for the use of the bismuth eye shielding. The results obtained will be important to suggest a complementary procedure for the optimization of head CT scans.
Disposal Date Calculator for Radioactive Material
Authors: Rodrigues Junior Ary de Araujo
Published: September 2022

A computer program in PHP was developed to become easier the disposal calculus for radioactive material of low and medium radiation levels according to CNEN-801 (Low and medium radiation level waste management). The user selects some inputs as: the radionuclide name, its physical state, activity and obtains among others outputs:  the number of days for disposal and disposal date. There is an option for calculation without considering the radionuclide where the parameters are only the half-life, initial and disposal activity. It can be accessed by the Internet or downloaded from a repository to be installed on the users computer or server. The program language can be chosen between Portuguese and English.
Thermal degradation and spectroscopy characterizations of TPS/PBAT blends irradiated by Cobalt-60 source
Authors: Pereira de Castro Dione , De Andrade e Silva Leonardo Gondim
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to prepare blends of natural polymers of TPS with PBAT by reactive extrusion with irradiation process, using the plasticizers (castor oil and glycerol) to evaluate the thermal and chemical properties. The blends were submitted to the irradiation process using a Cobalt-60 source at a 25 kGy dose and then characterized by FTIR and DSC analysis. According to the results obtained in the FTIR tests, the blends did not undergo chemical changes during the irradiation process and, thus, maintained their properties. In the DSC tests, it was observed that the blends F2 (castor oil) and F3 (castor oil and TWEEN® 80) showed higher values of heat flow for degradation than the samples F0 (glycerol) and F1 (glycerol and TWEEN® 80), probably due to the chemical interaction of castor oil and its constituents. There was no thermal variation in the irradiation process between blends F0 and F1 or F2 and F3. It was concluded that it is feasible to replace castor oil with glycerol in TPS/PBAT blends, and the irradiation using a Cobalt-60 source, not changed the final properties analyzed.
Critical Velocity Experimental Assessment in Flat Plate Fuel Element for Nuclear Research Reactor
Authors: Andrade Delvonei Alves , Gonzalez Mantecón Javier , Navarro de Mesquita Roberto , Mattar Neto Miguel , Ernesto Umbehaun Pedro , Maximo Torres Walmir
Published: September 2022

Aluminum-coated plates, containing a uranium silicide (U3Si2) meat dispersed in an aluminum matrix, are commonly used in the fuel elements of Material Testing Reactors (MTRs).  These fuel elements are typically comprised of narrow channels formed by parallel flat plates, which allow coolant flow to remove the heat of fission reactions. It is important to mention that the thickness of the plates is much smaller than their width and height. The high flow rates needed to ensure efficient fuel-element cooling may cause fuel-plate mechanical failures due to instability induced by the flow in the channels. In the case of critical velocity, excessive permanent deflections of these plates can cause blockage of the flow channels and lead to overheating.  An experimental facility that simulates a plate-like fuel element with three coolant channels was developed for this work. The test-section dimensions were based on the Fuel Element design of the Brazilian Multipurpose Reactor (RMB), project being coordinated by the National Commission of Nuclear Energy (CNEN). Experiments were performed to reach Miller's critical velocity condition. This critical condition was reached at 14.5 m/s leading to consequent plastic deformation of the fuel plates
Artificial intelligence to evaluate diagnosed COVID-19 chest radiographs
Authors: Takara Bruno , Freitas Felipe , Bacelar Alexandre , Salomon Alva Sanchez Mirko , Lykawka Rochelle
Published: September 2022

We present a Machine Learning algorithm based on Python which can be used to aid COVID-19 diagnosis. This algorithm employs Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) of ResNet-18 architecture from thoracic X-ray images to build a trained dataset that enables further comparisons between common pulmonary diseases and COVID-19 diagnosed patients to classify the radiological findings as being due the COVID-19 or other pathologies. We discuss the importance of setting the right parameters related to training and what they might represent in clinical procedures. We used a dataset containing 942 COVID-19 labeled radiographs from HCPA - Hospital das Clínicas de Porto Alegre and compared it to a public dataset from NIH Clinical Center containing images of pulmonary diseases. Lastly, our trained model had an accuracy of 81.76% for the imbalanced classes and an accuracy of 46.94% for the balanced classes, when compared to other pulmonary diseases such as pneumonia, edema, mass, consolidation, and fibrosis. These results disclose the difficulty of diagnosing COVID-19 from a chest radiograph as it resembles other pulmonary illnesses and makes room for further research in this matter.
Evaluation of a Direct Ion Storage dosimeter efficiency to measure dose during interventional cardiology procedures
Authors: Nelson Sanchez Munoz Bergman , Daruich de Souza Carla , Ricardo Pires Silvio , Pereira Barbosa Adriano Henrique , Bitelli Medeiros Regina
Published: September 2022

Intracardiac electrophysiological invasive procedures guided by fluoroscopy aim to study the cardiac depolarization process. Depending on the complexity of the clinical case, both patients and professionals are subjected to radiation for a prolonged period. This work evaluated if a direct ions storage (DIS) dosimeter could measure occupational doses in different regions of the physician's body during these procedures. Doses were monitored close to the left eye (LE), right eye (RE), extremity (left ankle), and thorax, as well as the environmental dose, positioning the dosimeter in the center of the equipment gantry. These doses were evaluated in 31 procedures using 01 DIS dosimeter in each region. The Mann-Whitney U test demonstrated that the values obtained in the different regions represent different samples, while the Spearman test demonstrated that there is no evidence that there is a correlation between the data recorded in the different regions. DIS was effective in recording the doses in the LE region and the doses of dispersed radiation (Arc), with the values obtained: (30 quartile / maximum): LE (0.07 / 0.20 mSv); Arc (0.38 / 1.53 mSv). It was not possible to compare occupational doses between different regions of the physician's body, limiting its use as a complementary monitor in the control of occupational doses.
Workplace radiation dose monitoring in diagnostic radiography Centres of the Lake Zone Regions of Tanzania
Authors: Ngulimi Miguta Faustine , Mwimanzi Jerome Mbwilo , Ndovi Siwidhani Thomas
Published: September 2022

Occupational radiation doses in diagnostic radiography Centres of the Lake Zone Regions of Tanzania were measured and analyzed. Thermoluminiscent Dosimeters (TLDs) were distributed to 17 radiation workers from 8 selected medical centres over a period of three (3) months. The estimated ambient doses in the Centers was measured by using a calibrated survey meter RAM DA-3-2000 of TAEC under SSDL Laboratory. The individual dose recorded ranged from 0.09 to 1.12 mSv which were all below the ICRP limit of 5mSv for 3 months. The radiation dose (ambient) recorded at 1 m from the control lead glass window ranged from 2.15 µSv/h to 7.27 µSv/h. The ambient doses were compared to the limit of 7.5 µSv/h set by ICRP. Higher values of ambient doses and indivudual doses were observed in some centres which entails improper radiation safety and protection measures in radiation cantres. But with the use  of protective gears, radiation workers receive lower doses hence abide with ALARA principle.
Algoflora of the Kuyalnik Estuary: current state and long-term dynamics
Authors:   Physical-Chemical Inst. for Environ. and Human Protection of the Ministry of Educat. and Sci. of Ukraine, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 3, Preobrazhenskaya Str., Odessa 65082, Ukraine, Ennan A.A.-A. , Shikhaleeva G.M. ,   Physical-Chemical Inst. for Environ. and Human Protection of the Ministry of Educat. and Sci. of Ukraine, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 3, Preobrazhenskaya Str., Odessa 65082, Ukraine, Tsarenko P.M. ,   Physical-Chemical Inst. for Environ. and Human Protection of the Ministry of Educat. and Sci. of Ukraine, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 3, Preobrazhenskaya Str., Odessa 65082, Ukraine,   M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 2, Tereshchenkivska Str., Kyiv 01004, Ukraine, Kiryushkina H.M. ,   Physical-Chemical Inst. for Environ. and Human Protection of the Ministry of Educat. and Sci. of Ukraine, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 3, Preobrazhenskaya Str., Odessa 65082, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

The results of the analysis of retrospective and original researches of algoflora of a hyperhaline Kuyalnyk Estuary (KE) for the 150-year period are resulted. The current state and long-term variability of the species composition and structure of algae of aquatic and soil forms of the estuary, the peculiarities of their ecotopic confinement to the factors of salinity, pH, saprobity are given. During the many years of research in the waters of KE 237 algal taxa from 10 divisions, 13 classes, 34 orders, 72 families, 98 genera, and in soil ecotopes of the estuary – 99 taxa from 50 genera, 29 families, 17 orders, 5 classes and 4 departments were found. In the modern period (2001–2018) there are 123 taxa of algae – representatives of 61 genera, 43 families, 22 orders, 7 classes and 4 divisions, in soil ecotopes – 93 species from 4 divisions were registered in the estuary. In all periods of research in the aquatic ecotopes of the estuary, representatives of Bacillariophyta dominate, and in the soil ecotopes of the coast – Cyanoprokaryota, of which 54 taxa were given for the first time for KE. It is shown that hypergalinic KE is characterized by both intraannual and interannual variability of algal species composition. It was found that the main factor limiting the biodiversity of algae is the salinity of their growth environment. The data obtained allowed to determine the features of the development of seasonal complexes of species and the dynamics of their interannual changes in 2001–2018, taking into account the hydrochemical conditions in certain years. The cosmopolitan (71%) and boreal (25%) groups predominate in relation to the biogeographical distribution of algae.
Marcophytobenhos of Beresansky Estuary, its costal waters and sea shore of Beresan Island
Authors:   I.I. Mechnikov Odesa National University, Department of Botany, 2 Dvorianska Str., Odesа 65026, Ukraine, Tkachenko F.P. , Artemenko А.О. ,   I.I. Mechnikov Odesa National University, Department of Botany, 2 Dvorianska Str., Odesа 65026, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

The papers reports results of long-term monitoring of macrophytobenthos of the Beresansky Estuary and its coastal waters. The features of the distribution of macrophyte algae in the estuary and adjacent marine areas, including Berezan Island, were analyzed in connection with changes in their salinity and pollution. A total of 32 species of macrophyte algae from 4 divisions, 6 classes, 10 orders, 13 families and 17 genera were found in the Berezan Estuary. Chlorophyta (17 species) lead in species diversity, Rhodophyta (9) rank second, and Ochrophyta third (5). Charophyta were represented by one species. Both on the sea coast of the estuary and near the coast of Berezan Island, 13 species of macrophyte algae of almost identical composition were found, in particular, 8 species of green algae, 5 and 4 of red algae, respectively, and one species of brown algae. Increasing the salinity level of the Berezan Estuary by more than two times (up to 13.8‰) in recent decades caused changes in the species composition of the phytobenthos: charophytes and some freshwater green algae have disappeared, while marine red and brown algae have appeared.
Mathematical Modeling of the Optimal Training Load in the Sailing
Authors:   International Research and Training Centre of Information Technologies and Systems of the NAS and MES of Ukraine, Savchenko-Syniakova Yevheniya A. , Savchenko Kostiantyn Yu. ,   National University of Ukraine on Physical Education and Sport
Published: September 2022

Introduction. Sailing is a sport that places high demands on the physical fitness of an athlete. Despite the fact that this sport has been practiced for a very long time, experts have not paid due attention to assessing the impact of the athlete’s load during training on his physical fatigue. The use of mathematical modeling methods at the stage of training athletes to select the optimal load will make training more effective. In order to determine the modeling method, which will allow quite simply and easily to find the dependence of the optimal physical load on the physiological indicators of athletes, a review of the most popular modeling methods in sports was carried out. The purpose of this article is to study the problem of modeling the optimal training load in sailing in order to find an effective method for building models of the dependence of the athlete’s fatigue indicators on the indicators characterizing the athlete’s condition. Results. A number of indicators characterizing the choice of optimal physical activity in sailing are given. An approach to the construction of a mathematical model for choosing the optimal physical load for yachtsmen during training is proposed. Conclusions. The article explores approaches to modeling the processes that occur during the selection of a training load in sports. Based on a review of existing methods, an inductive approach was chosen to build models for choosing the optimal load in sailing. It is planned that with the help of this approach, models of the dependence of indicators characterizing physical activity on indicators characterizing the state of athletes will be obtained, which will be given in subsequent works.
Simple and Visual Algorithm for Factorizing Integer Numbers
Authors:   V.M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of NAS of Ukraine, Bilyk Viktor K.
Published: September 2022

An iterative algorithm for decomposing an integer composite number C into prime factors X1 and X2 is proposed in which the properties of Vieta’s theorem are used for the reduced quadratic equations X2+B·X·C = 0, when the first approximation in iterative computation is taken equal to the square root of the composite number C, then is С, and B is equal to the rounded up to a larger integer from the number С, that is, B = C. In this case, the calculations are carried out by linearly increasing the approximations by one.
Current state and prospects of organic production development in Ukraine: looking to the future
Authors:   State Institution “Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine”, Prokopenko Kateryna , Udova Liudmyla ,   State Institution "Kundiiev Institute of Occupational Health of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine"
Published: September 2022

The article substantiates the importance of the production of organic agricultural products as a component of a healthy lifestyle, as well as ensuring the preservation and restoration of the environment. The authors reveal the ecological, economic and social benefits of organic production, in particular, preservation of the nation’s natural and health; reproduction of soil fertility; increased competitiveness of domestic producers on internal and foreign markets; improving the welfare of the rural population, etc. It is stated that organic production includes the conscious use of soil as an ecosystem; application of production methods and preventive protection of crops. It is established that presently the interest of consumers in the consumption of environmentally friendly foods, whose production has no negative impact on the environment, is currently growing. The study of the global organic market shows an active growth in both the number of organic producers and the output of organic products. The market of organic products in Ukraine is at an early stage of development, but there is a steady trend towards increased number of organic producers, expanded range of certified products, and increased exports of organic foodstuffs. The authors analyze a number of factors hindering the development of organic production in Ukraine, in particular, the lack of public awareness of the properties of organic foods and their difference from conventional ones; shortage of qualified specialists in producing organic foods; insufficient solution of logistical problems; low purchasing power of the population, etc. The key changes in EU legislation on organic production are considered, one of the important innovations being the possibility of using "group certification", which allows small farmers to unite, produce and jointly pass the certification of organic products. Emphasis is placed on the prospects of this model for Ukrainian producers. The study shows the possibility of using organic foods in schools based on the example of the positive experience of EU countries – for the growing a healthy, conscious and responsible generation that will take care of the future of the state.
Modern approaches in the development of biocompatible titanium alloys with a high level of performance properties
Authors: Voron Mykhailo , Schwab Serhiy , Selin Roman
Published: September 2022

The analysis of the main aspects of titanium alloys for endoprosthetics creation were overviewed from the point of most optimum complex of operational characteristics – biocompatibility and mechanical properties. Known biomedical alloys, which are still widely used, often contain toxic components – Al, V, Fe, Cr and Co. Obviously, the maximum biocompatibility is achieved by alloying titanium with non-toxic elements, the list of which among base metals is very limited: Zr, Nb, Ta, Sn, Mo. The combination of the task of ensuring maximum biocompatibility and high mechanical properties requires finding the optimal chemical compositions of alloys. It is important to follow the modern condition of ensuring the minimum modulus of elasticity of the alloy for endoprosthesis, which significantly increases the safety and durability of its exploitation. During the processing of literature sources it was determined that these requirements are best met by next alloys: Ti-13Nb-13Zr, Ti24Nb-12Zr and Ti-(24-26)Nb-(4-8)Zr-(7-8Sn). Their tensile strength is at the level of 800–1000 MPa, and modulus of elasticity – at the level of 45–65 GPa. Approaches and methods of additional reduction of elasticity modulus with simultaneous increase of strength are considered. It is established that the most effective ways are based on intensive plastic deformation, grain refining after recrystallization and heat treatment, which includes hardening and short-term aging.
Ecos del 15-M. PODEMOS y su práctica política: Vamos, las Moradas y los Círculos
Authors: López-Carrillo Óscar-Ramón
Published: September 2022

El campo de estudio del presente artículo es la plataforma política española PODEMOS. Este sujeto social ejecuta una práctica política novedosa que permite discutir sobre la forma partido-movimiento, se habla específicamente de las Moradas —como punto neurálgico de reunión—, los Círculos —como la consolidación del trabajo militante— y Vamos—como una plataforma que conecta a la ciudadanía con el partido—. Asimismo, el artículo es elaborado con la propuesta de la metodología en movimiento, y por ende se recupera la voz de algunos participantes de este partido político, extractos de etnografías realizadas durante la observación participante, y atisbos de la pesquisa realizada por el registro hemerográfico, documental y de redes sociales (virtuales) durante el trabajo de campo.
Crack propagation resistance of TiAl alloys
Authors: Pippan R. , Hohenwarter A.
Published: September 2022

In their temperature window of application, TiAl alloys typically fail in a semi-brittle manner. For this material class, the Griffith concept, developed initially for ideal brittle materials, has to be adapted by additional dissipative contributions to the fracture resistance: plastic deformation, crack bridging, the work to deform and fracture shear ledges, and crack bifurcation. These additional terms in the fracture resistance induce a pronounced R-curve effect or in other words, a crack extension-dependent fracture resistance for monotonic and cyclic loading. In order to deliver guidelines to optimize the microstructural design and to enhance the fracture resistance of TiAl alloys, model systems, including a polysynthetically twinned TiAl, a designed fully lamellar and a near-gamma TiAl alloy are discussed in terms of their fracture mechanism using the energy and stress intensity approach.

Graphical abstract
Influence of new phytoregulators on oilseed flax growth, development, yielding capacity, and product quality
Authors: Dmitrevskaya I. I. , Grigoryeva M. V. , Belopukhov S. L. , Zharkikh O. A. , Seregina I. I. , Osipova A. V.
Published: September 2022

The use of phytoregulators is a modern way of producing crops to increase yields and product quality. The components of phytoregulators have a beneficial effect on the growth and development of plants and help to withstand unfavorable environmental factors, stress, lack of mineral nutrition, soil fatigue, and the action of a wide range of pesticides. The research is aimed to investigate the influence of three phytoregulators: Cherkaz, Floravit, EcoFus on two varieties of flax: Severny and LM 98. We conducted a 3-year, field experiment with flax. In the so-called herringbone stage of the plant growth, the flax seedlings were treated the investigated phytoregulators. Flax plants were analyzed for yields. The method of near-infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze the content of lipids and proteins in flax seeds after harvesting. The oil content in flax seeds was determined. Using chromatography, we analyzed each variant of the experiment from the point of view of fatty acid composition. The application of phytoregulators increased the seed yield by 14-19% and the short fiber yield by 9-20% relative to control. The protein content in the seeds of the experimental samples Floravit and Cherkaz increased by 2.3-2.5% and by 1.5% in the experiments with EcoFus relative to the control. The lipid content in flax seeds increased by 5-5.6% (Floravit), by 3.5-3.95% (EcoFus), and by 4.7-5.1% (Cherkaz) relative to control. The oil ratio in flax seeds of the LM 98 and Severny varieties averaged 35.5-45.5%. An increase in the oil yields was 2.8-6.9% for Floravit, 2-4.1% for EcoFus, and 4.4-4.9% for Cherkaz relative to control. The application of Floravit, Cherkaz and EkoFus in flaxseed cultivation contributed to an increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids in oil: the content of ω-3 fatty acids ranged 61.90-63.10% compared to control 54.70%. Floravit proved to be the most effective of the three tested phytoregulators. The studies carried out over three years allow us to conclude that the use of new phytoregulators contributes to an increase in the quality and flaxseed yield and the flax fiber yield. Floravit was the most effective preparation and can be used for pre-sowing seed treatment and during the growing season.
Nephrotic Syndrome Gene TBC1D8B Is Required for Endosomal Maturation and Nephrin Endocytosis in Drosophila
Authors: Milosavljevic Julian , Lempicki Camille , Lang Konrad , Heinkele Helena , Kampf Lina L. , Leroy Claire , Chen Mengmeng , Gerstner Lea , Spitz Dominik , Wang Minxian , Knob Andrea U. , Kayser Séverine , Helmstädter Martin , Walz Gerd , Pollak Martin R. , Hermle Tobias
Published: September 2022

Significance Statement

Variants in TBC1D8B cause isolated nephrotic syndrome. TBC1D8B protein interacts with the slit diaphragm protein nephrin, but the pathogenesis remains unclear. We used Drosophila to elucidate the functional role of the recently discovered disease-causing gene. A null allele of Tbc1d8b in Drosophila exhibits a nephrocyte-restricted phenotype similar to patient presentation. Tbc1d8b protein localizes to mature early and late endosomes and promotes endosomal maturation and degradation, and is further required for nephrin transport. Expression of the murine ortholog rescues loss-of-function of the Drosophila TBC1D8B, which indicates evolutionary conservation. Discovery of two novel variants in TBC1D8B in a cohort of 363 patients with FSGS and functional validation in Drosophila suggest that TBC1D8B variants significantly underlie hereditary FSGS.

Background

Variants in TBC1D8B cause nephrotic syndrome. TBC1D8B is a GTPase-activating protein for Rab11 (RAB11-GAP) that interacts with nephrin, but how it controls nephrin trafficking or other podocyte functions remains unclear.

Methods

We generated a stable deletion in Tbc1d8b and used microhomology-mediated end-joining for genome editing. Ex vivo functional assays utilized slit diaphragms in podocyte-like Drosophila nephrocytes. Manipulation of endocytic regulators and transgenesis of murine Tbc1d8b provided a comprehensive functional analysis of Tbc1d8b.

Results

A null allele of Drosophila TBC1D8B exhibited a nephrocyte-restricted phenotype of nephrin mislocalization, similar to patients with isolated nephrotic syndrome who have variants in the gene. The protein was required for rapid nephrin turnover in nephrocytes and for endocytosis of nephrin induced by excessive Rab5 activity. The protein expressed from the Tbc1d8b locus bearing the edited tag predominantly localized to mature early and late endosomes. Tbc1d8b was required for endocytic cargo processing and degradation. Silencing Hrs, a regulator of endosomal maturation, phenocopied loss of Tbc1d8b. Low-level expression of murine TBC1D8B rescued loss of the Drosophila gene, indicating evolutionary conservation. Excessive murine TBC1D8B selectively disturbed nephrin dynamics. Finally, we discovered four novel TBC1D8B variants within a cohort of 363 patients with FSGS and validated a functional effect of two variants in Drosophila, suggesting a personalized platform for TBC1D8B-associated FSGS.

Conclusions

Variants in TBC1D8B are not infrequent among patients with FSGS. TBC1D8B, functioning in endosomal maturation and degradation, is essential for nephrin trafficking.
Dealing with the Heterogeneity of Interpersonal Relationships in the Middle Ages. A Multi-Layer Network Approach
Authors: de Valeriola Sébastien , Ruffini-Ronzani Nicolas , Cuvelier Étienne
Published: September 2022

Investigating the case of the Investiture Struggle in the diocese of Cambrai–Arras (c. 1100), this article aims at exploring some crucial issues for historians using social network analysis in the study of heterogeneous relationships. The study proceeds along three lines of enquiry. First, by establishing a hierarchy in the different types of relationships mentioned in the sources, it determines which of them are the most important to model and understand the structure of the network. Second, it demonstrates it is unnecessary to consider co-witnessing relationships (i.e. to be witnesses of a same charter) in the modelling of networks. Indeed, co-witnessing relationships do not help to improve our understanding of the structure of the parties at stake in a conflict. Finally, this paper deals with the importance of rank order in the witness lists. It demonstrates that, in the case of Cambrai, rank order does not have an influence on the global structure of the network. In other words, all individuals in the same witness list play a similar role in the network in terms of party structuring.
How Do U.S. Life Insurers Manage Liquidity in Times of Stress?
Authors: Foley-Fisher Nathan , Heinrich Nathan , Verani Stéphane
Published: September 2022

In this note, we describe U.S. life insurers’ liquidity management when the COVID-19 pandemic broke. We show that life insurance companies immediately created cash buffers to manage potential liquidity shocks.
Bank Deposit Flows to Money Market Funds and ON RRP Usage during Monetary Policy Tightening
Authors: Morgan Luke , Sarver Anthony , Tase Manjola , Zlate Andrei
Published: September 2022

Using the historical experience from past monetary tightening cycles and the market-expected path of the federal funds rate for the current tightening cycle, we project that the flows from bank deposits to money market funds (MMFs) would be relatively small, at about $600 billion through the end of 2024, or about 3 percent of current bank deposits. Of these potential inflows to MMFs, about $100 billion are projected to flow into the overnight reverse repo (ON RRP) facility, or about 7 percent of MMFs’ recent take-up. Other factors such as the private demand for repo funding and the net supply of Treasury bills are expected to have more substantial effects on MMFs’ take-up at the ON RRP facility than the inflows from bank deposits.
Preliminary notes on topicality and recent pandemic poetry
Authors: Diala Isidore
Published: September 2022

In this article I appraise the aesthetic and ideological implications of the use of the topical as source material for literary creation, with special focus on poetry. I underscore how the shared knowledge between the writer and the audience influences the craft of poetry and is equally crucial for the reception of a work of art. I link postcolonial writers’ fixation on the topical to Edward Said’s influential revaluation of Western historiography and privileging of the political in literary scholarship. I demonstrate my thesis primarily by examining selected poems from the anthology World on the Brinks: An Anthology of Covid-19 Pandemic (2020) as an instance of literary responsiveness to a topical global experience. I highlight and appraise the poets’ obvious allusions to, replications, appropriations, and interrogations of well documented discourses on the Covid-19 pandemic as a contestation of imperialistic theories and assumptions, and show how the topical and its discourses fundamentally influence the reception of the work of art. Focusing on the poets’ examination of the international politics of healthcare, and dispensing of palliatives, I interrogate the politics of the notion of common humanity vaunted in the wake of the pandemic’s exposure of the intangibility of territorial borders. In this article I equally reflect on the mechanisms of the survival and transformation of the topical in poetry.
Some new perspectives on the Soweto uprising: H. M. L. Lentsoane’s poem “Black Wednesday” (“Laboraro le lesoleso”)
Authors: Krog Antjie
Published: September 2022

The epic poem about the Soweto uprising, “Laboraro le lesoleso”, written in Sepedi (Northern Sotho) by H. M. L. Lentsoane has only recently been translated into English by Biki Lepota as “Black Wednesday” and published in the anthology Stitching a whirlwind (2018). In this article I suggest that, by discarding English, some crucial shifts from the bulk of protest poetry written in English must have taken place. Lentsoane wants to speak directly to fellow mother tongue speakers and not a national or broader African or international ear. It becomes clear that, by deploying various strategies based in orality, the poet manages to contribute new material and new approaches to creative texts of black protest during the apartheid years, e.g., a release from specific apartheid content about their oppression that every indigenous speaker had common knowledge of; an adherence to orality in terms of presentation, vocabulary, and form; and a linkage with the ancestors and a release from trying to reach the conscience of whites. This manifests through the poem’s particular perspective and emphasis as narrative, as telling, combined with vivid visceral poetic imagery of the event. The poem evocatively captures the unfolding of incidents while at the same time shifting the focus to an ancestral demand to stand up for righteousness in a universal field of justice.
Die intellektuele geskiedenis van bruin intelligentsia: ’n herbesoek aan P. J. Philander (1921–2006)
Authors: Van Wyk Steward
Published: September 2022

The intellectual history of Coloured intelligentsia in the middle of the previous century is often characterised by a sharp division between moderates and radicals. The historiography of Coloured people is relatively limited but a few scholars have studied their intellectual formation against the background of historical circumstances, their specific biography and institutional operations. In this article I give a broad overview of the intellectual history and historiography of Coloured intelligentsia. I focus in more detail on the poet and educationist P. J. Philander. He is associated with the moderate grouping and characterised as a political gradualist who favoured steady and incremental changes in the political towards democracy. I argue for further engagement with the ideas and actions of the poet and propose that liberal sentiments in his life and work provide further and important perspectives. This would also explain his disenchantment with the apartheid regime and his consequent decision to emigrate to the United States of America where he pursued a long and illustrious career as an educator at a Quaker School in New York. I analyse two texts with an autobiographical purview to indicate these strands of liberal influence and thought.
Battling statues enter into dialogue at the Gouvernorat du Haut-Katanga
Authors: Kapanga Kasongo Mulenda
Published: September 2022

In this article I analyze the political bifocal discourse that the display of Congolese political figures reveals at the Gouvernorat du Haut-Katanga (State House of the Province of Haut-Katanga) in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo that was inaugurated in 2018. The display reflects the potency of a discourse dictated by a period of time’s circumstances reflective of new ways of thinking. It is the performative self-affirmation focusing on the politics of proximity and not exclusively that of distanciation seen in its worst form in ethnic cleansing. Within the global atmosphere marked by public demonstrations heightened by the death of George Floyd (1973–2020) calling for the toppling of monuments honoring Robert E. Lee; Cecil Rhodes; George Colston’s in Bristol, England; King Leopold II in Belgium; honoring busts of King Leopold next to Doňa Beatriz Kimpa Vita’s; and Moïse Tshombe’s next to Patrice-Emery Lumumba’s, inevitably leads observers to question the arrangement. It articulates in plain sight a twofold political discourse positing, on one hand, its unitary aspiration, on the other hand, the uniqueness of the Katanga province with its strengths, its expectations, and its vulnerabilities. My analysis relies on Michel Foucault’s concept of discourse, on Pierre Nora’s notion of lieux de mémoire, and François Hartog’s idea of presentism. Hartog’s presentism accommodates an analytical exercise that uncovers a discourse of continuity allowed by the necessities of the present. Specific discursive elements become building blocks towards the aspiration to social stability reflected and re-articulated throughout the materiality and rationalizing of figural  representations.
To listen with decolonial ears: Hein Willemse, hidden histories, and the politics of disruptive intervention
Authors: Milton Viola c. , Marx-Knoetze Hannelie
Published: September 2022

In this article, we canvass some of the ideas around Hein Willemse’s focus on hidden histories, conscious oppositionality, and literature that falls outside the canon, which began to coalesce following contemporary calls for decolonial approaches in the (South) African academy. While the decolonial turn has focused attention on shared histories within Global South contexts, it is through Willemse’s postcolonial teachings that we first came to understand the importance and meaning of reclaiming the lost African ontological space. This article is, therefore, located in postcolonial and decolonial scholarship in the sense that it is not driven by a particular method but rather by questions that emerged from larger social contexts. We draw on Willemse’s visionary understanding of the importance of hidden histories and what it might mean to listen with postcolonial and/or decolonial ears. This, amongst other things, requires an acute awareness of history, heritage, and legacies both in society and in the academy. We incorporate a random selection of his work to unpack how his disruptive intervention serves to reformulate the idea of Afrikaans and Afrikaans literature in ways that are more inclusive of those silenced by the apartheid project, including Africa and the Global South at large.
The power of exclusion in the works of André Brink and Assia Djebar
Authors: Steenekamp Carina
Published: September 2022

South African author André Brink and the Algerian Assia Djebar have been described as a uo of literature and struggle. Various parallels exist between the authors’ oeuvres: both authors strive to create a chain of voices for those who have been ignored or silenced; they attempt to re-evaluate the colonial experience while problematising the complexities of present-day South Africa and Algeria; their narratives foreground language, space, and power struggles between coloniser and colonised, master and slave, man and woman. Their characters represent a desire for freedom and the need for resistance in the quest for liberation. In this article I focus on the comparable role of space, and more specifically spaces of exclusion, in a selection of the authors’ works. Postcolonial theories serve as a framework for establishing Brink and Djebar’s similar stance regarding the notion of exclusion. Amongst others, Homi Bhabha’s concept of the ‘beyond’ and Édouard Glissant’s notion of ‘relation’ are employed to strengthen arguments made concerning the characters’ desire for movement which results from them being excluded from certain spaces. In this article I demonstrate how their characters feel attracted to cross borders that exclude in a quest for inclusion. An endless, open, and powerful movement is the result of the opposing forces of exclusion and attraction their characters experience.
La drépanocytose au prisme de la médecine créole haïtienne
Authors: DAMUS Obrillant
Published: September 2022

La médecine créole est un système de soins aux dimensions complexes qui joue un rôle important dans la lutte contre la drépanocytose en Haïti. Quels que soient le niveau d’éducation, l’origine sociale et la situation économique des malades drépanocytaires, elles recourent aux soins traditionnels afin de combattre les symptômes de leur maladie chronique. Grâce à leur capacité de se représenter cette dernière, les exclues des pouvoirs publics et de la parole de s’abandonner au désespoir, dans la mesure où elles mettent au service de l’action leurs représentations reflétant le pluralisme médical et linguistique caractéristique de leur société. Quelles sont les représentations associées à l’anémie falciforme ? Quelles sont les réponses concrètes apportées par les malades à cette maladie en vue de prévenir et de soulager ses symptômes ? Comment la médecine créole participe-t-elle à la prise en charge des survivantes ? L’objectif principal de cet article est de montrer que la médecine populaire constitue un outil fertile pour agir dans les limites des représentations de la maladie en question.