bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Muslim Minority Movement in Southmost Thailand: From Periphery to the Centre
Authors: Suaedy Ahmad
Published: May 2014

This article, which focuses on observing individual and group actors in the social movement in South Thailand in a way that does not neglect the important contributions made by political actors as well as. By the insurgency and separatist movement, contends that insurgency, separatism, and violence are no longer the typical choice for those who strive for fundamental human rights in the Thai nation-state. Unfortunately, however, the central government of the Thai Kingdom has not been very responsive nor has it taken these demands seriously. It has shown a lack of political will in granting these actors more extensive rights as demanded on a global scale by recent developments in human rights and the rethinking of the concept of nationalism and national identity.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v17i1.467
Al-Ta’āruf ‘alā al-Islām al-‘Aqlānī: Dirāsah ‘an al-Maqālāt al-Ṣadirah fī al-Wasā’il al-Maṭbū’ah fī al-Fatrah al-Mumtaddah min 1911-1942
Authors: Emalia Imas
Published: May 2014

This article describes the efforts of several Islamic organizations like the Sarekat Islam (1911), Muhammadiyah (1912), and Persjarikatan Oelama (1913) in transforming the Javanese paradigm, particularly of those who were cultured in quackery and mysticism. The analysis in this article relies on news and articles that were published in newspapers and Islamic journals from 1911 to1942. This article also aims to discuss various crucial problems in Javanese society in the twentieth century, ranging from the social, political, economic, and cultural sphere to religious life. Moreover, this article also portrays the development of the press and local mass media in Java and how they carried out their missionary movements by using rational standardsDOI: 10.15408/sdi.v17i1.469
Survey Report: A Portrait of Muslims’ Socio-Religious Attitudes in Java
Authors: Burhanudin Jajat
Published: May 2014

This report is based on two surveys, a baseline and an impact one, conducted by the PPIM in the framework of gauging the impact of the Islam and Development Program of The Asia Foundation in Jakarta. The first (baseline) survey was carried out in July 2008, just before the program started, while the second one was made after the program had ended in August 2009.Designed to measure the impact of the program, there were two categories of survey respondents: program participants (500 in each survey), who were randomly selected from the list of the names of those who participated in the program. They were interviewed before (July 2008) and after having attended the program (August 2009). As a control group, another 500 respondents were also interviewed in each survey. They had been randomly selected from the Muslim population all over Java.The questions posed during the surveys were related to the contents of the program, and were intended to illicit respondents’ views on such contemporary issues as civic values, democracy, socio-political and religious tolerance, pluralism, gender equity, and Islamism. Muslim responses to these ideas were analyzed in a comparative perspective between the baseline and impact surveys, and between program participants and non-participants. With this perspective, the survey was directed to discover the extent to which the program was able to contribute to the strengthening of the contemporary ideas mentioned above and of democracy in Indonesian socio-political spheres.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v17i1.472
The Patterns of Religious Conflict In Indonesia (1990-2008)
Authors: Panggabean Samsu Rizal , Alam Rudi Harisyah , Ali-Fauzi Ihsan
Published: May 2014

The objectives of this study were to identify the patterns of religious conflicts in Indonesia and to identify policies taken by the security forces, in particular the police. In looking at patterns of religious conflicts, we sought to understand the type, level, development, spread, actors, and the background issues behind the conflicts. In addition, we look at the presence of security forces at the time of incidents, elements of security forces involved in the operations, and what security measures were taken. The analysis of this study focuses on religious conflicts. It is possible that one news item covered or reported more than one incidence.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v17i2.461
Naḥwa al-Tafattuḥi al-Islāmī: I’ādat binā’ al-Fikr al-Islāmī bi Indūnīsīyā
Authors: Tasman Tasman
Published: May 2014

This article discusses about Islamic thinking on religious diversity in Indonesia. Indonesia is one of the most pluralist countries in the world because of its diverse ethnic groups and religions. Although the majority of its population are Muslim, the country has become neither a religious nor a secular state. In this country, every citizen regardless of his or her religious background has the freedom to express their belief and faith as long as they abide to the religious tolerance established by the state (kerukunan hidup beragama), and does not impinge on other religious institutions.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v17i2.464
Religion and Dialogue in Indonesia: From the Soeharto Period to the Present
Authors: Mujiburrahman Mujiburrahman
Published: May 2014

The fact that Indonesia is a multi-religious country may lead us to question if there have been initiatives among di?erent religions to dialogue, and if so, who have been the main advocates of this dialogue, what were the issues being discussed and what are the results of the dialogue? This paper tries to answer these questions by analyzing the development of religious dialogue from the Soeharto period to the present. The historical overview will hopefully give us some lessons to learn for the future of dialogue in Indonesia and perhaps also in the neighboring countries.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v17i3.455
Al-Islām al-Mu’tadil wa Thaqāfat Bangka Belitung: Al-Manẓūrat al-Antrūbūlūjīyah
Authors: Zulkifli Zulkifli
Published: May 2014

This article explains moderate Islam in Bangka-Belitung culture from anthropological perspective. This article defines moderate Islam as in line with moderateness, compromises with a spirit to reject all forms of violence. Moderate Islam is the true character of Islam, because moderate Islam believes that Islam brings peace. Due to the limited studies in the form of anthropology, politics, economics, and history on Bangka-Belitung community, this article relies on limited sources. Thus, this article is based on personal observation and experience as an insider. Although it cannot escape from many shortcomings, insider observation has become one of the strategies to enrich this study and to understand the nuances of the holistic nature of this study.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v17i3.458
Focused Groups Discussion (FGD) on the Role of Muslim-Based Organization (MBO) in Contemporary Indonesia
Authors: Jahar Asep Saepudin
Published: May 2014

The general aim of this FGD is to analyze the roles of MBOs in Indonesia and the participation of MBOs in the socio-political development of the society. To obtain in-depth qualitative data, the FGD is focused on the two largest MBOs in Indonesia: NU and Muhammadiyah. This is because to the present, the two MBOs represent two mainstreams of Indonesian Islam: modernist and tradisionalist. The FGD also looked at other MBOs which develop in certain cities, such as Perti in Padang and NW in Mataram. These two MBOs are, in fact, traditionally close to NU.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v17i3.459
Ḥikāyat al-Sha‘bīyah al-Minangkabāwīyah Bundo Kanduang bayn al-Usṭūrah wa-al-Khurāfah: al-Manẓurah al-Dīnīyah
Authors: Zuriyati Zuriyati
Published: May 2014

This article discusses Bundo Kanduang folklore from a religious perspective. Folklore is a literary work that describes the life story of a figure or tells about the origin of a region which is intended to provide guidance for community. In some cases, it also becomes a medium to disseminate religious teachings or moral tenets. Despite these primary goals, folklore also aims to entertain the community through stories. This article ultimately attempts to understand the community's belief to Bundo Kanduang folklore from the Islamic orthodoxy point of view. Conservative Muslims tend to consider people's excessive belief to one figure or to treat him/her as a cult is a heresy (bid'ah) which contradicts Islamic teaching.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v18i1.443
Modernisasi, Tradisi, dan Identitas: Praktik Hukum Keluarga Islam Indonesia
Authors: Kharlie Ahmad Tholabi
Published: May 2014

Book Review: Euis Nurlaelawati, Modernization, Tradition, and Identity: The Kompilasi Hukum Islam and Legal Practice in the Indonesian Religious Court, Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2010.The introduction of the Compilation of Islamic Law (CIL) has to be seen in the context of the modernisation of Indonesia's Family Law. CIL was first introduced to accomodate the interests of Muslim families in Indonesia's legal system. CIL provides guidelines and references for judges at Religious Court in handling legal issues related to Muslim families. CIL was also introduced to provide Islamic judges alternative reference other than the conventional fiqh, which, in many cases, are not relevant to the current context of Muslim lives. Thus, substantially, CIL introduces new pluralistic norms to both judges and society in general.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v18i1.444
Islam, State and Society in Democratizing Indonesia: An Historical Reflection
Authors: Abdullah Taufik
Published: May 2014

Artikel ini merupakan refleksi historis atas Islam, negara, dan masyarakat Indonesia kontemporer. Sikap dan bentuk perilaku umat Islam digunakan sebagai prisma untuk melihat fenomena hubungan agama dengan negara-bangsa. Bentuk perilaku itu berkisar dari sikap yang paling sulit mentoleransi perbedaan-perbedaan betapapun kecilnya, sampai sikap terbuka terhadap apapun jenis pluralitas agama di dalam masyarakat. Bentuk sikap yang pertama menjadi minoritas kecil, dan menunjukkan dirinya melalui beragam perilaku kebencian. Sementara bentuk sikap yang kedua, yang menjadi mayoritas besar bangsa ini, dapat dibagi ke dalam dua kategori. Yang pertama tidak akan pernah ragu mengutuk jenis kekejaman apapun meski mengatasnamakan agama, dan yang kedua memberi kesan bahwa mereka masih sedikit memahami makna dan tujuan aksi kebencian tersebut.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v18i2.432
Al-Ṭarīqah al-Naqshabandīyah al-Khālidīyah fī Minangkabau: Dirāsat Makhṭūṭat al-Manhal al-‘Adhbī li Dhikr al-Qalb
Authors: Hadi Syofyan
Published: May 2014

This article provides new evidence that differs from the previous studies on the presence and dynamics of the teachings of Naqshabandiyah Khalidiyah sufi order in Minangkabau. The article shows that Naqshabandiyah Khalidiyah sufi order had come and develop in Minangkabau at the beginning of the 19th century through the east cost of West Sumatra under the influence and effort made by Shaykh Isma'il al-Khalidi al-Minangkabawi. This article therefore attempts to place Shaykh Isma'il al-Khalidi al-Minangkabawi in accordance with his role as the central figure of Naqshabandiyah sufi order in Minangkabau.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v18i2.435
Some Notes on Catalogue of Southeast Asian Kitabs of Sophia University
Authors: Heer Nicholas
Published: May 2014

Book Review: A Provisional Catalogue of Southeast Asian Kitabs of Sophia University compiled by Kawashima Midori, Arai Kazuhiro, Oman Fathurahman, Ervan Nurtawab, Sugahara Yumi and Yanagiya Ayumi, Tokyo: Institute of Asian Cultures - Center for Islamic Studies, Sophia University, 2010.Buku ini adalah katalog dari kitab-kitab cetak atau buku-buku Islam yang ditulis dalam bahasa Arab dan beragam bahasa di Asia Tenggara, serta dicetak di Asia Tenggara, Timur Tengah, dan Asia Selatan dengan menggunakan aksara Arab. Kitab-kitab itu dikumpulkan dalam periode Februari 2007 sampai Maret 2010 oleh para peneliti yang menjadi bagian dari proyek studi kawasan Islam yang disponsori oleh National Institutes of the Humanities di Jepang dan melibatkan lima institusi: Institute of Islamic Area Studies di Universitas Waseda, Fakultas Humaniora dan Sosiologi Universitas Tokyo, Institute of Asian Cultures di Universitas Sophia, The Toyo Bunko (Oriental Library), dan Fakultas Studi Kawasan Asia dan Afrika Universitas Kyoto.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v18i2.437
Not Secular Enough? Variation in Electoral Success of Post-Islamist Parties in Turkey and Indonesia
Authors: Hussein Jourdan Khalid
Published: May 2014

Artikel ini berusaha menjelaskan akar dari kesuksesan elektoral AKP dan PKS dan mengapa mereka berbeda-yang satu menjadi partai sangat besar di Turki dan yang satu hanya berhasil menjadi partai medium yang menjadi anggota koalisi dari partai berkuasa (Partai Demokrat). Artikel ini menganalisis kedua partai post-Islamist tersebut sebagai aktor politik rasional yang menggunakan beberapa macam strategi untuk mendapatkan kesuksesan elektoral mereka. Sejumlah pertanyaan yang hendak dijawab dalam artikel ini adalah: apa yang menjelaskan variasi kesuksesan elektoral di antara dua partai post-Islamist yang beroperasi di dua negara demokrasi dengan populasi Muslim terbanyak, mengapa partai AKP lebih sukses dari partai PKS, dan dalam kondisi apa dan sampai sejauh mana partai-partai post-Islamist bisa bertahan dan menjadi partai yang sukses dalam pemilu-pemilu di negara demokrasi Muslim.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v18i3.375
Al-Lontarā (al-Nuṣūṣ) al-Muktamilah li-Tārīkh Wajo: Nāẓrah Jadīdah fī Awwal Dukhūl al-Islām ilá Wajo
Authors: Ilyas Husnul Fahimah
Published: May 2014

This article discusses the reconstruction of Islam in Wajo by looking at Lontaraq Suqkuna Wajo of Datuk Sangaji Sengkang collection as the main source of the study. As a script, lontaraq is an evolutionary change of the Kawi script which has been being modified and has long been used as evidenced by the finding of inscription on the fort site of Somba Opu and Lagaligo epics written before 1600. Lontaraq script occupies an important position in the cultural history of Bugis Makassar. For Bugis, lontaraq has two meanings: (1) lontaraq as an history and science and (2) lontaraq as a writing.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v18i3.429
The Japan’s Award for PPIM UIN Jakarta
Authors: Thaha Idris
Published: May 2014

PPIM UIN Jakarta acted as an advisor for the Visiting Program for Pesantren Leaders held by the government of Japan. PPIM UIN Jakarta has a network with many pesantrens in Indonesia. Since 2002, PPIM is deliberately asked by the government of Japan's to select about 12 to15 kyais, nyais, religious teacher (ustad) from various modern, traditional, and salafi pesantrens in Indonesia to be sent to Japan. Until now, at least there are 90 kyais, nyais, and religious leaders who have been participated in the program. This year, PPIM recommends 17 names of pesantren leaders and religious teachers to the Embassy of Japan in Jakarta to be selected to participate in the program.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v18i3.431
Linking Identity to Collective Action: Islam, History and Ethnicity in the Aceh Conflict
Authors: Anshori Mohammad Hasan
Published: May 2014

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara di Asia Tenggara yang memiliki sejarah panjang konflik dan kekerasan etnis. Tumbangnya Orde Baru pada tahun 1998 memicu muncul dan makin besarnya eskalasi konflik dan kekerasan di berbagai daerah, seperti di Aceh, Ambon, Papua, dan Kalimantan Barat. Pada tahun 2002, semua konflik tersebut telah mengalami de-eskalasi, bahkan terselesaikan secara baik, kecuali konflik Aceh yang melibatkan Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (GAM) dengan Pemerintah Indonesia. Dibandingkan dengan konflik lain di Indonesia, konflik Aceh memiliki dua keunikan penting. Pertama, konflik tersebut secara umum digerakkan oleh dua gerakan separatis dengan dua ideologi yang berbeda, yaitu Darul Islam (1953-1959) yang cenderung Islamis, dan GAM (1976-2005) yang lebih sekuler. Kedua, konflik Aceh secara luas seringkali dianggap sebagai salah satu konflik yang paling lama dan paling banyak memakan korban di Asia.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v19i1.368
Al-Shaykh Aḥmad al-Rifā‘ī wa Siyāqīyat al-Sharī‘ah al-Islamīyah: Dirāsah ‘alá Kitab Takhyirah
Authors: Islam M. Adib Misbachul
Published: May 2014

Kitab Takhyirah is a tarjumah book comprises of Kiai Ahmad Rifa'i Kalisalak's thoughts on Islam from its various aspects, such as 'aqidah, shari'ah, and akhlaq. The book consists about ideas that can be considered provocative in the context of Islamic thinking in the nineteenth century especially in Java and generally in Nusantara. Through Takhyirah, Kiai Ahmad Rifa'i has disseminated his notions on the unification of the various doctrinal aspects of Islam. He is different from the general ulama who tend to separate one aspect of Islam with other aspects. For example, Kiai Ahmad Rifa'i argued that Islamic syariah includes usul (akidah aspect), fiqh (Islamic law aspect), and tasawuf (akhlak and spiritual aspect).DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v19i1.372
Intelektual Muslim Baru dan Kajian Islam
Authors: Azra Azyumardi
Published: May 2014

Book Review: Carool Kersten, Cosmopolitans and Heretics: New Muslim Intellectuals and the Study of Islam, London: Hurst & Company, 2011, xvi+324 pages.This book is a very important contribution to the study of Islam in Southeast Asia, especially Indonesia, a country with the largest Muslims population in the world. The inclusion of Nucholish Madjid in this work on the intellectual dynamics in the Muslim world has a symbolic significance that cannot be avoided. Until the last two decades, Indonesia and Southeast Asia Islam are not seen by most of the Islamic scholars as integral part of Islam and Muslim world. Islam and Muslim in this area are considered peripheral to Islam and Arabic Muslim entities. In fact, this region is home to the largest part of Muslims in the world with its prominent dynamics. Kersten's decision to include Indonesian Muslim intellectual, Nurcholish Madjid, to his work is motivated by his urge to address the imbalance representation on the studies of contemporary Islam and Muslim world.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v19i1.373
Digitalizing and Cataloging Islamic Manuscripts in Pesantren
Authors: Fadlan Muhammad Nida
Published: May 2014

Pesantren has become a vehicle for the ulama to spread Islam. Most importantly, in the past, their purpose was to use pesantren to propagate Islam and use kitabs as teaching materials to their students. The ulama had written various subjects they taught at pesantren on the diverse materials, such as paper, bark, bamboo, palmyra, and so on. Then, they instructed their students to copy the manuscripts so that the Islamic teachings containing on the manuscripts could be read by other Muslims. This process had been part of Islamization in Nusantara through santri-kyai relation and the production of manuscripts.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v19i1.374
From Kitab Malay to Literary Indonesian: A Case Study in Semantic Change
Authors: Riddell Peter G.
Published: May 2014

This paper discusses semantic movement as evidenced in Malay/Indonesian Islamic texts. The primary text in focus provides an example of ‘Abd al-Ra’ūf al-Singkīlī’s Malay commentary on the Quran, Tarjumān al-Mustafīd, produced around 1675. The study of the lexical data from this text is informed by comparative reference to three modern Indonesian texts of Sūrah Yūsuf: Mahmoed Joenoes’ rendering (1954), the official Indonesian government rendering drawn from Al-Quraan dan Terjemahnya (1974), and H.B. Jassin’s rendering (1978). The goal of this paper will be to answer two questions. First, the semantic range of certain lexical items used in the ‘Abd al-Ra’ūf Quran commentary compare with the norms of late 20th century literary Indonesian. Second, the semantic change of differences identified in this comparative process.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v19i2.362
Religion in Public Spaces in Contemporary Southeast Asia
Authors: Afrianty Dina
Published: May 2014

Religion is among the most overlooked factors in the development of nation-states in Southeast Asia. Some reasons for this include a bias emphasizing religious ideology in the study of anti-colonial organizations that dates to the origins of the politics of state formation; the influence of many ideas on the patterns of modern elite formations that stress the need for religion to shape national constitutions, and the fact that religion is difficult to neglect in shaping the behavior of masses in the region. Nevertheless, an early observation to the behavior of nations in Southeast Asia holds that religion influences the politics in public space varies from one country to another.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v19i2.367
Gender Awareness in Islamic Education: The Pioneering Case of Indonesia in a Comparison with Pakistan
Authors: Kull Ann
Published: May 2014

This article analyzes the development of gender awareness in Islamic education in Indonesia and Pakistan in general, and the inclusion of a gender perspective in particular. The current situation in Islamic education is a result of larger national contexts, not least concerning the factors focused upon in this study — educational reform, intellectual milieu, female student enrollment, political development and women’s rights movements. Traditionalist ulama and scholars educated in the Middle East have in both countries similarly questioned the Islamic knowledge and legitimacy of reformist scholars — women and men alike — and these opponents have been more influential in Pakistan than in Indonesia. The Indonesian gender regime in Islamic education is no longer fully male– dominated, and the patriarchal content in Islamic educational material is occasionally questioned and exchanged. However, in Pakistan the impact of women on the prevailing male–dominated gender regime and patriarchal content in Islamic education is at best seminal.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v19i3.354
Denial, Trivialization and Relegation of Pluralism: The Challenges of Managing Diversity in Multi–religious Malaysia and Indonesia
Authors: Ibrahim Azhar
Published: May 2014

This article attempts to discuss the various societal responses to religious diversity and pluralism in Malaysia and Indonesia. Its focus is on the Muslim–majority nations of Indonesia and Malaysia, where the idea of religious pluralism among Muslims has taken various shapes. While the state’s management of pluralism is so far characterized by politics of expediency and accommodation to ensure stability, law and order, and harmony, it is the societal or community responses that matter most. Advancing and nurturing the ideas of religious pluralism in social and religious discourse requires commitment in persistency and planning. This, in turn, calls for the need to know how the ideas of pluralism and religious diversity have been understood in society. The challenge of nurturing a substantive pluralism in society warrants recognition and support. This can be made in the realms of theological discourse, political will, educative approach, as well as institutional supportDOI: 10.15408/sdi.v19i3.355
Regulating Religion in Southeast Asia and the Pacific
Authors: Ropi Ismatu
Published: May 2014

Southeast Asia is one of the most diverse regions, with hundreds of ethnic groups, various religious beliefs and denominations, and different spoken languages and dialects. These different backgrounds pose serious challenges for the governments in Southeast Asia, not only on how they should manage those diversities in building the nation but also in ensuring a harmonious life. Many believe that cultural and racial diversities have the potential to create tension and conflict in the community. Thus, government and public officials have the responsibility to ensure that societies with different backgrounds embrace a sense of unity so that everyone shares their pride and attachment to their community and the nation. In sum, this is one of the main arguments why regulation (including in terms of religious life) is important. Hence, regulating religion is the most visible manifestation of the state–religion relationship, particularly in a state where religion dominates the political domain and plays an important role in legal and social systems.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v19i3.360
Buddhism in Muslim Indonesia
Authors: Steenbrink Karel
Published: May 2014

This article presents an overview of various ways in which Buddhists and Muslims have lived together in Indonesia since the arrival of Islam about 1200. It tells how Buddhism has slowly disappeared and become a religion for mainly the Chinese who, until the late 19th century, have often converted to Islam. This article analyzes the role of three key figures in the recent government–supported revival of Buddhism. These figures are the Chinese–Indonesian monk Ashin Jinarakkhita, the Balinese lay devotee and government official Oka Diputhera, and the Chinese–Indonesian businesswoman Sri Hartati Murdaya. They have tried to accommodate Buddhism to the Muslim–dominated nationalism of modern Indonesia. The result of the past five decades is that Buddhism has obtained a modest but safe position in independent Indonesia.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v20i1.346
Jadwal A‘māl al-Aḥzāb al-Islāmīyah fī Indonesia al-Mu‘āṣirah: Bayn al-Sharī‘ah wa al-Dīmūqratīyah
Authors: Tasman Tasman
Published: May 2014

This article discusses the responses of the proponents of political Islam toward the downfall of New Order regime and in creating political power at grassroots level. This trend has been marked by the demand to include those ‘seven words’ of the Jakarta Chapter of 1945 into the constitution. This aspiration has been represented by three major Islamic parties: United Development Party (PPP); the Crescent Star Party (PBB); and the Justice Party (PK). However, this political Islam aspiration has also been expressed by Muslim–based parties, namely the Nation’s Awakening Party (PKB) and the National Mandate Party (PAN). These two parties represent Indonesia’s largest Muslim organisations, Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) and Muhammadiyah respectively. PKB and PAN do not have agendas to implement Islamic sharī‘ah. The two parties consider that, theoretically, a relation between Islam and politics exists but not in the formal sense of a governmental system.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v20i1.351
Jejak-jejak Imperial dalam Beragam Nasionalisme Asia Tenggara
Authors: Ali-Fauzi Ihsan
Published: May 2014

Anthony Reid, Imperial Alchemy: Nationalism and Political Identity in Southeast Asia (New York: Cambridge University Press. 2010), xiii + 248 pages.Reid has long been widely known as a senior historian with a specialty in the history of Aceh, Sumatra, and the Indonesian revolution. Recently, he has begun to write about the history of Southeast Asia. Inspired by French historian Fernand Braudel, this work presents what Reid calls a “total history” of this region. In this approach wars, royal dynasties, and foreign traders are not prioritized over the diets, health, and pastimes of ordinary people. Through this work, Reid has begun to strengthen the study of Southeast Asia. As one of the pioneers and masters of the study of Asia and the Pacific, particularly Southeast Asia, Reid is uniquely positioned to offer new insights about this region’s history. In this book, Reid offers a new understanding of the historical data collected on the link between ethnic identity, nationalism, and history of Southeast Asia.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v20i3.516
First Example of a Continuous-Flow Carbonylation Reaction Using Aryl Formates as CO Precursors
Authors: Alonso Nerea , de Muñoz Juan M. , Egle Brecht , Vrijdag Johannes L. , De Borggraeve Wim M. , de la Hoz Antonio , Díaz-Ortiz Angel , Alcázar Jesús
Published: May 2014

The first continuous flow carbonylation reaction using aryl formates as CO precursor is reported. The reaction is practical, scalable and high yielding. The use of a flow protocol safely allows expanding the scope to activated chlorides, nitrogen heterocycles and to the selective introduction of an ester group in dihalo-derivatives. Further selective reduction of the ester formed to an aldehyde in flow is also described.
Interrelation between Light Emitting and Structural Properties of Si Nanoclusters Embedded in SiO2 and Al2O3 Hosts
Authors: Khomenkova L. , Kolomys O. , Strelchuk V. , Kuchuk A. , Kladko V. , Baran M. , Jedrzejewski J. , Balberg I. , Marie P. , Gourbilleau F. , Korsunska N.
Published: May 2014

The present work deals with the comparative investigation of Si-ncs embedded in SiO2 and Al2O3 dielectrics grown by RF magnetron sputtering on fused quarts substrate. The effect of post-deposition processing on the evolution of microstructure of the films and their optic and luminescent properties was investigated. It was observed that photoluminescence (PL) spectra of Six(SiO2)1-x films showed one PL band, which peak position shifts from 860 nm to 700 nm when the x decreases from 0.7 to 0.3. It is due to exciton recombination in Si-ncs. For Six(Al2O3)1-x films, several PL bands peaked at about 570-600 nm and 700-750 nm and near-infrared tail or band peaked at about 800 nm were found. Two first PL bands were ascribed to different oxygen-deficient defects of oxide host, whereas near-infrared PL component is due to exciton recombination in Si-ncs. The comparison of both types of the samples showed that the main radiative recombination channel in Six(SiO2)1-x films is exciton recombination in Si-ncs, while in Six(Al2O3)1-x films the recombination via defects prevails due to higher amount of interface defects in the Six(Al2O3)1-x caused by stresses.
XRF Study of Mexican Iron Gall Inks: Historical and Geographical Overview of their Chemistry
Authors: García Jocelyn Alcántara , Ruvalcaba Sil Jose Luis , Meeren Marie Vander
Published: May 2014

Over 2000 micro-X-Ray Fluorescence (μ-XRF) measurements of iron gall inks were collected at the General Archive of the Nation in Mexico (Archivo General de la Nación, AGN). The portable X-Ray system SANDRA permitted detection of common elements present in all iron gall inks (e.g.Ca, Fe, S, etc.) as well as characteristic traces and impurities (e.g.Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb, etc). The documents in the data set originate from all over Mexico and are dated between the 16thand 19thcenturies. All manuscripts were well preserved.

Extensive statistical processing of the relative X-Ray intensities revealed common features in groups of documents with the same provenance. Among the findings, there is a progressive trend to complex mixtures from the beginning of the 16thcentury to the 17th. A reverse trend was observed for the following century. Zinc, lead and seldom arsenic, chromium and mercury seem characteristic for northern areas whereas manganese seems common to the vast majority of studied inks.

As a general concern in conservation research, special attention was addressed to copper, as it is known to have additive effects to the degradation of cellulose. This metal seems fairly common to Mexican inks, especially during 18thcentury.

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first examination taken to such a large number of inks. This study contributes to the more-focused development of suitable treatments that tailor specific needs, since they are to be based on of ink’s composition. It sets a precedent for the study of these inks in the Americas and allows conservators and historians to gain further insight into the history of their usage in Mexico.
Comparative Spectroscopic Analysis of Maya Wall Paintings from Ek’Balam, Mexico
Authors: Alonso A. , Pérez N. A. , Sil J. L. Ruvalcaba , Casanova E. , Claes P. , Melo V. Aguilar , Cañetas J.
Published: May 2014

The Maya archaeological site of Ek’Balam is located in Yucatán, Mexico. This place is known for its artistic tradition of reliefs modeled in stucco as well as the rich pictorial and hieroglyphic texts. Although the mural played a key role in the artistic program architectural of elite groups, most of these remains have not been studied, either by its incomplete or fragile condition, or by localization in inaccessible substructures.

In this study, technical aspects of the mural paintings from rooms 12 and 50 of the main building of the site are addressed by the spectroscopic analysis of its materials. Optical microscopy was used to observe the layers superposition and pigment distribution, while the stucco and rock support were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF). Moreover, the chromatic palette composed of different colors and tones of red, yellow, orange, green, blue and black were analyzed mainly with non-invasive techniques using Raman and FTIR spectroscopies as well as XRF.

The information obtained from the combination of these analytical techniques, allowed a better understanding of the similarities and differences between these two rooms that were built during the last construction stage of the Acropolis. These results were also compared with previous analyses of mural painting of this site and other Maya paintings.
Analysis of Floors from Archaeological Site Chingú in Tula de Allende, Hidalgo State
Authors: Jiménez-Pérez Joel , Cruz Alicia Bracamontes , Correa Pacheco Zormy N. , Jiménez Pérez José L. , Orea Alfredo Cruz
Published: May 2014

Spectroscopy technique is used for various applications, for example in archaeology, in order to analyze samples of floors, including material excavation sites. In this work the floor samples that were found in two rooms belonging to a house in a residential Hispanic area, at different stratigraphic levels corresponding to the classical period, as well as samples that were collected in two deposits of lime (El Refugio and El Llano) around the site mentioned were analyzed. The characterization of the samples of the archaeological site Chingú in Tula de Allende in the state of Hidalgo was carried out by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to observe the morphology of the samples and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) to analyze the composition of cementitious material of the floors and natural material of lime deposits. Comparing these samples with other archaeological works of literature, the morphology and composition of manufactured floors will be discussed.
Novel Strategies for Biodetection: Preliminary Application to Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Anderson Aaron S. , Vu Dung M. , Sanchez Timothy , Iyer Srinivas , Mukundan Harshini
Published: May 2014

The sensor team at the Los Alamos National Laboratory is an integrated multidisciplinary group that develops both core technologies as well as accessory tools for efficient biodetection. We have developed a waveguide-based optical biosensor for the efficient and ultra-sensitive, rapid detection of biological agents. We have previously demonstrated the use of this technology for the detection of biomarkers associated with many diseases. Herein, we present the preliminary data demonstrating the extension of this technology to the discovery and detection of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). TBI afflicts a significant percentage of US troops deployed in Iraq and Afghanistan, but is difficult to diagnose efficiently. Currently, only neuropsychological questionnaires are being used for the diagnosis of this condition, which can range from mild concussion to severe brain damage. The ultimate goal of this project is to develop a rapid biomarker-based diagnostic for TBI in blood. However, this cannot be accomplished until a comprehensive repertoire of biomarkers secreted during brain injury is established. This requires an integrated biomarker discovery and detection approach that is sampled directly from human serum and cerebrospinal fluid.

The results reported here are preliminary steps in that direction wherein we aim to develop two different methods for the discovery of novel biomarkers of TBI in blood and cerebrospinal fluid, as well as develop assays for two biomarkers on an ultra-sensitive waveguide-based platform that was developed at LANL. We were able to evaluate two different methods for biomarker discovery: Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) and two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) in serum samples. In addition to development of depletion protocols to remove abundant proteins in serum, we were also able to detect spiked TBI biomarkers using both methods. However, the results clearly show that for protein biomarkers, MALDI MS is much more sensitive than 2-DE. We also developed a sandwich immunoassay on a waveguide-based platform for a TBI biomarker, procalcitonin, using commercially available antibodies. We show with our methods that we were able to directly detect procalcitonin from human serum. While our discovery and detection methods show promising results, these methods need to be further optimized before we can apply it to clinically relevant samples.
Language issues: An important professional practice dimension for Australian International Medical Graduates
Authors: McGrath Pam , Henderson David , Holewa Hamish
Published: May 2014

Issues associated with speech and language have been noted in the international literature as an important aspect of the process of integration for Australian International Medical Graduates (IMGs). This paper makes a contribution through the presentation of a sub-set of findings on the factors associated with speech and language practices for IMGs, taken from a qualitative study which examined the IMGs’ experience of integration into the Australian healthcare system. A purposive sample of 30 IMGs were interviewed via telephone. Participants were asked to share their experience with communicating in English with patients and other health professionals in the context of the Australian healthcare system. The taped interviews were transcribed verbatim and then coded and thematically analysed. The findings indicate that the months following the point of entry into a medical position are a critical time for the majority of IMGs in terms of difficulties with communicating in English. A range of suggestions to improve speech and language skills for IMGs is provided. The findings emphasize the importance of speech and language skills and the serious implications of this issue for the clinical practice of IMGs.
Beyond neutrality: Professionals’ responses to clients’ indirect complaints in a Therapeutic Community for people with a diagnosis of mental illness
Authors: Pino Marco , Mortari Luigina
Published: May 2014

Previous research has evidenced that in different institutional settings professionals are cautious when responding to clients’ indirect complaints and tend to avoid siding either with the clients/ complainants or the complained-of absent parties. In this article we use the method of Conversation Analysis to explore professional responses to clients’ indirect complaints in the context of a Therapeutic Community (TC) for people with diagnoses of mental illness in Italy. Although the TC staff members sometimes display a neutral orientation toward the clients’ complaints, as is the case in other institutional settings, in some instances they take a stance toward the clients’ complaints, either by distancing themselves or by overtly disaffiliating from them. We argue that these practices reflect the particular challenges of an institutional setting in which professionals engage with clients on a daily basis, have an institutional mandate of watching over them and are responsible for their safety. According to this interpretation, staff members’ nonneutrality toward clients’ complaints can be seen as a way of defending against the possibility, raised by the clients’ reports, that the staff members might be involved, albeit indirectly, in courses of action that have harmed or might harm the clients.
Causal accounts as a consequential device in categorizing mental health and substance abuse problems
Authors: Raitakari Suvi Maaria , Günther Kirsi , Juhila Kirsi , Saario Sirpa
Published: May 2014

Professionals in human service work are at the centre of complicated client cases. The ways client cases are constructed and the problems explained form the basis for professionals’ assessments, decisions, actions and interventions. In this article the ways professionals make sense of dual-diagnosis client cases are examined. Applying the concept of causal accounting, it is argued that ‘theories of cause’ are embedded in professional discourse and profoundly shape professionals’ understandings of social and health problems, as well as of their own roles and responsibilities and of what interventions and outcomes are possible. The data consist of 48 tape-recorded weekly team meetings among professionals in a supported housing unit targeted for clients with both mental health and substance abuse problems. It was found that professionals reason about the relationship between these two problems in four different ways: (1) substance abuse causes or makes mental health problems worse; (2) substance abuse eases mental health problems; (3) mental health problems cause or make substance abuse worse; or (4) good mental health reduces substance abuse. Causal account research makes visible the ways professionals do institutional work by categorizing clients, accounting for responsibilities as well as assessing their work and clients’ achievements according to moral expectations of a ‘good’ professional and a worthy client.
Análise de um radioimunoensaio iodado para determinação de 11-deoxicortisol
Authors: Madeira João Luiz de Oliveira , Bussmann Luciane Zgoda , Lima-Valassi Helena Panteliou , Mendonça Berenice Bilharinho de
Published: May 2014

Objetivo : Nosso objetivo foi comparar duas técnicas de dosagem do 11-desoxicortisol: a técnica de radioimunoensaio iodado, a qual foi validada neste trabalho, e a cromatografia líquida de alta performance seguida por espectrometria de massa em tandem (LC-MS/MS), sendo a última considerada o padrão-ouro para dosagem dos hormônios esteroides. Materiais e métodos : Para a comparação entre os resultados de 11-desoxicortisol, foram selecionadas 88 amostras. Resultados : A sensibilidade analítica do radioimunoensaio foi de 0,30 ng/mL, com linearidade e perfil de precisão inadequado (34% das amostras com CV ≥ 20%). Das 88 amostras selecionadas, apenas 54 apresentaram resultados mensuráveis em ambos os métodos. A comparação desses resultados, por meio da regressão de Deming, resultou em um coeficiente de correlação de 0,610, inclinação de 3,751, intercepção de 0,145, evidenciando a pobre correlação entre os resultados e a superestimação dos resultados pelo RIA. Conclusão : Concluímos que o método de dosagem de 11-desoxicortisol por radioimunoensaio iodado apresentou resultados inadequados nos diversos parâmetros avaliados, inviabilizando sua utilização como método de dosagem do 11-desoxicortisol. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(3):232-6
Emerging trends in management of propionic acidemia
Authors: Rafique Muhammad
Published: May 2014

Objetivo : To evaluate the therapeutic agents used during metabolic crises and in long-term management of patients with propionic acidemia (PA).Materials and methods : The records of PA patients were retrospectively evaluated.Results : The study group consisted of 30 patients with 141 admissions. During metabolic crises, hyperammonemia was found in 130 (92%) admissions and almost all patients were managed with normal saline, ≥ 10% dextrose, and restriction of protein intake. In 56 (40%) admissions, management was done in intensive care unit, 31 (22%) with mechanical ventilation, 10 (7%) with haemodialysis, 16 (11%) with vasopressor agents, and 12 (9%) with insulin. In the rescue procedure, L-carnitine was used in 135 (96%) patients, sodium bicarbonate in 116 (82%), sodium benzoate in 76 (54%), and metronidazole in 10 (7%), biotin in about one-quarter, L-arginine in one third, and antibiotics in three-quarter of the admissions. Blood/packed RBCs were used in 28 (20%) patients, platelets in 26 (18%), fresh frozen plasma in 8 (6%), and granulocyte-colony stimulating factors in 10 (7%) admissions. All patients were managed completely/partially with medical nutrition formula plus amino acid mixture, vitamins and minerals. For long-term management 24 (80%) patients were on L-carnitine, 22 (73%) on sodium benzoate, 6 (20%) on biotin, one half on alkaline therapy and 4 (13%) on regular metronidazole use. Almost all patients were on medical formula and regular follow-up.Conclusion : Aggressive and adequate management of acute metabolic crises with restriction of protein intake, stabilization of patient, reversal of catabolism, and removal of toxic metabolites are essential steps. Concerted efforts to ensure adequate nutrition, to minimize the risk of acute decompensation and additional therapeutic advances are imperative to improve the outcome of PA patients. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(3):237-42
Rare renal metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma: early clinical detection and treatment based on radioiodine
Authors: Qiu Zhong-Ling , Xue Yan-Li , Luo Quan-Yong
Published: May 2014

Objective : The aim of this study was to explore the clinical characteristics of renal metastatic cancer, the methods for its detection by radioiodine (131I), and the response to 131I treatment in fourteen patients with renal metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC).Subjects and methods : DTC patients (n = 2,955) that received treatment with 131I were retrospectively analyzed. Scans (131I-WBS, 31I-SPECT/CT and/or 18F-FDG-PET/CT) were performed after an oral therapeutic dose of 131I. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated based on changes in Tg and anatomical imaging changes at renal lesions.Results : Among these 14 patients, 11 had avidity for 131I, but three patients did not accumulate 131I after 131I treatment. In the 11 131I-positive renal lesions, 10 cases were detected by 131I-SPECT/CT combined with another imaging modality and one case by 131I-WBS combined with ultrasonography (US). In the three 131I-negative renal lesions, two cases were detected by 18F-FDG-PET/CT and one case by computed tomography (CT). In 11 patients with 131I-avid renal metastases, Serum Tg levels in 81.82% (9/11) patients showed a gradual decline, and 18.18% (2/11) of the patients showed a significant elevation. There was no marked difference in serum Tg before the last 131I treatment (Z = 0.157; p = 0.875). Only one patient presented partial response, eight patients exhibited stable disease, and renal metastases progressed in two patients showing progressive disease. No patients reached complete response.Conclusion : 131I-SPECT/CT, combined with another imaging modality after 131I-WBS, can contribute to the early detection of renal metastases of DTC. 131I therapy is a feasible and effective treatment for most DTC renal metastases with avidity for 131I. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(3):260-9
Iodine insufficiency in pregnant women from the State of São Paulo
Authors: Ferreira Sabrina Maria Saueia , Navarro Anderson Marliere , Magalhães Patrícia Künzle Ribeiro , Maciel Léa Maria Zanini
Published: May 2014

Objective : The intake of adequate amounts of iodine during pregnancy is essential for the neurological development of the fetus. The aim of this study was to assess iodine nutrition status in pregnant women from the state of São Paulo, Brazil.Material and methods : We analyzed urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in 191 pregnant and 58 non-pregnant women matched by age. We used the World Health Organization criteria to define sufficient iodine supply (median UIC: 150-249 µg/L among pregnant women, and 100-199 µg/L for non-pregnant women).Results : Median UIC of the pregnant women studied was lower than the recommended value (median = 137.7 µg/L, 95% CI = 132.9 – 155.9), while non-pregnant women had UIC levels within the appropriate range (median = 190 μg/L; 95% IC = 159.3-200.1). UIC was below 150 µg/L in 57% of the pregnant women.Conclusions : Although a larger sample is needed to consolidate these findings, these results raise concerns about the adequacy of the iodine supply of pregnant women in Brazil, especially considering the new determinations of the Brazilian government, which have recently reduced the concentrations of iodine in table salt to 15-45 mg/kg of salt. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(3):282-7