bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE INDONESIAN ALCOVE AT THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY: Art, Culture Areas, and the Mead‐Bateson Bali Project
Authors: Mohan Urmila
Published: November 2021

abstract

Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson were iconic figures whose contributions to visual anthropology are well documented, but what is less well known is their role as collectors and curators of Indonesian objects. The American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) houses a large Balinese collection with numerous textiles, paintings, carvings, and puppets. Some of these objects were housed in permanent exhibits, such as the AMNH’s Hall of Pacific People (HOPP), curated by Mead, or displayed temporarily in the Museum of Modern Art’s traveling exhibit, curated by Bateson. Against this backdrop, this article adds to the critical discussion of curating, anthropological history, and categorization schemes in Western museums by exploring how Bali and Java came to be so prominent in the AMNH’s Indonesian alcove. Stimulated by visitor responses to exhibits, museum archives, ethnographic notes, and actual physical displays, it traces how Mead and Bateson’s study (1936–1938) of “culture areas” and traits such as “art” in Bali influenced the representation of Indonesia. The alcove’s emphasis on art and aesthetics as forms of cultural equanimity and consistency can be related to prevailing hierarchies of religion and technological development as well as how ahistoricism became an anthropological device of freezing, categorizing, and representing. [Bali, Margaret Mead, Gregory Bateson, art, ahistoricism]
Beyond audit: Embracing QI methodology to drive improvements in lung‐protective ventilation
Authors: Watkin Daniel , Welhengama Chamene , Watmore James , Normanton Robert , Watson Joseph , Wallis Alex , Irvine Michael , Main Norman , Crews Maryam
Published: November 2021

Background

Mechanical ventilation supports patients with respiratory failure during critical illness. Evidence suggests that excessive tidal volumes (regarded as >8 mL/kg predicted body weight [PBW]) cause lung damage through increased lung stretch and alveolar inflammation. Lung‐protective ventilation strategies have been shown to decrease morbidity and mortality, and that all patients should receive tidal volumes between 6 and 8 mls/kg PBW. Despite this, studies demonstrate that fewer than half of patients in critical care successfully receive lung‐protective ventilation.

Aim

The primary aim was to reduce tidal volumes delivered to all patients receiving mandatory ventilation, with a target of >85% of tidal volumes delivered to be compliant with lung‐protective ventilation strategies by the end of November 2019.

Methods

A multidisciplinary team of nurses and doctors, based in a UK tertiary hospital, utilized the Institute for Healthcare Improvement's (IHI) quality improvement methodology to improve compliance with lung‐protective ventilation.

Results

Baseline data demonstrated that only 60.1% of tidal volumes recorded were compliant with lung‐protective ventilation. Quality improvement (QI) methodology was utilized to systematically diagnose the aetiology of poor compliance and to produce and implement solutions. Real‐time data collection and reporting were utilized to monitor and report improvement. Following 8 months of continuous data collection and repeated PDSA cycles, sustainable compliance with lung‐protective ventilation for >85% of tidal volumes was achieved.

Conclusions

The use of QI methodology to implement low tidal volume ventilation has shown a significant improvement in the delivery of lung‐protective ventilation. Using QI methodology is central to this sustained improvement and offers a useful tool to systematically approach complex clinical problems.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Lung protective ventilation is critically important in the management of ventilated patients, although compliance in intensive care is variable. Here, we describe how quality improvement methodology can lead to consistent and sustainable improvement in the delivery of lung protective ventilation.
Rice SEPALLATA genes OsMADS5 and OsMADS34 cooperate to limit inflorescence branching by repressing the TERMINAL FLOWER1‐like gene RCN4
Authors: Zhu Wanwan , Yang Liu , Wu Di , Meng Qingcai , Deng Xiao , Huang Guoqiang , Zhang Jiao , Chen Xiaofei , Ferrándiz Cristina , Liang Wanqi , Dreni Ludovico , Zhang Dabing
Published: November 2021

The spatiotemporal control of meristem identity is critical for determining inflorescence architecture, and thus yield, of cereal plants. However, the precise mechanisms underlying inflorescence and spikelet meristem determinacy in cereals are still largely unclear.

We have generated loss‐of‐function and overexpression mutants of the paralogous OsMADS5 and OsMADS34 genes in rice (Oryza sativa), and analysed their panicle phenotypes. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, electrophoretic mobility‐shift and dual‐luciferase assays, we have also identified RICE CENTRORADIALIS 4 (RCN4), a TFL1‐like gene, as a direct downstream target of both OsMADS proteins, and have analysed RCN4 mutants.

The osmads5 osmads34 mutant lines had significantly enhanced panicle branching with increased secondary, and even tertiary and quaternary, branches, compared to wild‐type (WT) and osmads34 plants. The osmads34 mutant phenotype could largely be rescued by also knocking out RCN4. Moreover, transgenic panicles overexpressing RCN4 had significantly increased branching, and initiated development of c. 7× more spikelets than WT.

Our results reveal a role for OsMADS5 in panicle development, and show that OsMADS5 and OsMADS34 play similar functions in limiting branching and promoting the transition to spikelet meristem identity, in part by repressing RCN4 expression. These findings provide new insights to better understand the molecular regulation of rice inflorescence architecture.
Poverty and vulnerability transitions in Myanmar: An analysis using synthetic panels
Authors: Ferreira Ines A. , Salvucci Vincenzo , Tarp Finn
Published: November 2021

While Myanmar achieved distinct progress in economic growth and poverty reduction over the past decade, extreme natural events; economic, political, and social crises; and the ongoing COVID‐19 shock pose serious challenges. This study complements previous analyses of poverty and vulnerability by providing a dynamic perspective for the period 2015–2017. Given the lack of longitudinal household data, the analysis relies on the synthetic panels approach to further our understanding of transitions between different states—poverty, vulnerability, non‐poverty—and the characteristics of the households associated with these transitions. Among the main results, we find that there was a relatively high probability for people, who were poor in 2015 to exit poverty in 2017, and that the probability of remaining in a vulnerable situation was non‐negligible. Moreover, the results point to important differences in the probability of transitioning between different states depending on household and location characteristics. While the COVID‐19 shock has likely increased the proportion of households in the vulnerable and poor groups, these results highlight the need to focus on households with specific characteristics that make them more at risk of remaining or falling into poverty than the rest of the population in a context of diminishing poverty rates and localized vulnerability pockets.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia presenting as gingival swelling and tooth mobility
Authors: Hamdan Ahmad A. , Bouchard Philippe , Hamdan Ahmad I. , Hassona Yazan
Published: November 2021

Chronic‐lymphocytic‐leukemia (CLL) is the most prevalent leukemia in developed countries, caused by monoclonal proliferation of CD5+ B‐cells and accumulation of mature‐appearing‐neoplastic lymphocytes in blood, bone marrow, and secondary lymphoid organs. Oral manifestations of CLL are infrequent and rarely reported in literature. We report a new case of a 67‐year old man who presented with the complaints of tooth mobility and gingival swelling. Extra‐oral examination was remarkable for cutaneous pallor and bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy involving the submandibular, and deep cervical lymph nodes on both sides of the neck. Complete blood count revealed normal red blood cell count (4.25 × 106/μl), normal platelet count (136 × 103/μl) and increased white blood cell count (25.3 × 103/μl). Differential white blood cell count showed marked lymphocytosis (88%), and blood film revealed the presence of leukocytosis, with small mature‐looking lymphocytes, and mild thrombocytopenia. A flow cytometry immune‐phenotyping revealed that 55% of peripheral blood cells were monoclonal B‐lymphocytes expressing CD19, CD20, CD23, CD200, CD22, CD5, CD38, CD11c, sIgD and Kappa light chain confirming the diagnosis of CLL. Oral healthcare professionals should consider systemic causes, such as CLL, in the differential diagnosis of generalized tooth mobility and gingival swelling, particularly in patients with associated symptoms such as lymphadenopathy, fever, weight loss, and general fatigue.
“We Don't Fear HIV. We Just Fear Walking around Pregnant.”: A Qualitative Analysis of Adolescent Sexuality and Pregnancy Stigma in Informal Settlements in Kisumu, Kenya
Authors: Miller Lara E. , Zamudio‐Haas Sophia , Otieno Beatrice , Amboka Sayo , Odeny Damaris , Agot Irene , Kadede Kevin , Odhiambo Hannington , Auerswald Colette , Cohen Craig R. , Bukusi Elizabeth A. , Truong Hong‐Ha M.
Published: November 2021

In Kenya, adolescent pregnancy rates are high, contraception utilization is low, and adolescent sexuality is stigmatized. We describe how perceptions of sexuality and pregnancy stigma influence decision‐making among adolescents in the informal settlements of Kisumu. We used purposive sampling to recruit 120 adolescent boys and girls aged 15–19 for focus group discussions. A semistructured interview guide was used to elicit social norms and community attitudes about sexual and reproductive health. We analyzed the data using the Framework Approach. The social stigma of adolescent sexuality and the related fear of pregnancy as an unambiguous marker of sexual activity emerged as main themes. This stigma led adolescents to fear social retribution but did not lead to more frequent contraception use due to additional stigma. The intensity of this fear was most acutely expressed by girls, leading some to seek unsafe, sometimes fatal, abortions, and to contemplate suicide. Fear of pregnancy outweighed fear of contracting HIV that was viewed as both treatable and less stigmatized. Our findings illustrate how fear of pregnancy among these adolescents is driven primarily by fears that their community will discover that they are sexually active. Interventions are urgently needed to address adolescent sexual stigma and to prevent negative outcomes.
The Narrative‐Crisis Model of suicide and its prediction of near‐term suicide risk
Authors: Cohen Lisa Janet , Mokhtar Radwa , Richards Jenelle , Hernandez Michelle , Bloch‐Elkouby Sarah , Galynker Igor
Published: November 2021

Despite decades of research, much remains unknown about the transition from chronic to imminent suicidal risk. In the context of COVID‐19, this question is even more urgent. The present study tests a novel, stepwise model of this transition, termed the Narrative‐Crisis Model. This model proposes that, in people with chronic risk factors, stressful life events can trigger a specific progression of cognitive‐affective responses (the suicidal narrative and the suicide crisis syndrome), resulting in increased near‐term risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior (STB). Identification of each step in this progression provides opportunities for more precise interventions. Concurrent validity was tested with 732 psychiatric patients and predictive validity with 524 participants, assessed one to two months later. Chronic risk factors were measured with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Relationship Styles Questionnaire, and UPPS‐P Impulsive Behavior Scale; acute risk factors with the Stressful Life Events Questionnaire, Suicide Narrative Inventory, and Suicide Crisis Inventory. The Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale was administered at the initial research assessment and follow‐up. Indirect effects were significant for the full model and most pathways, in both concurrent and prospective analyses. In sum, this study provides empirical support for a novel, stepwise model of the progression from chronic to near‐term suicidal risk.
The effects of plateau subduction on plate bending, stress and intraplate seismicity
Authors: Zhang Jiangyang , Zhang Fan , Yang Hongfeng , Lin Jian , Sun Zhen
Published: November 2021

The influence of subducting plateaux on inter‐plate earthquakes has been extensively studied. However, its effects on plate bending, stress distribution and intraplate earthquakes remain unclear. Here we model the deflection of a subducting oceanic plate with an oceanic plateau regarded as a high flexure rigidity body near the trench using a thin plate model. Dozens of models were carried out to study the effects of the distance between plateau and trench on flexural bending and stress with variable flexural rigidity. We find that the influence of plateau depends on its location with respect to the trench axis and it begins to affect the plate bending when its distance from the trench axis is ~70–120 km. It changes the bending stress distribution and causes concentrated deformation to the trench‐ward of the plateau. After the plateau starts to subduct, pre‐existing bending faults may be reactivated by the differential forces caused by the lateral variation in slab buoyancy between the shallower seamounts/plateaus and the deeper slab.
RBC alloimmunization and daratumumab: Are efforts to eliminate interferences and prevent new antibodies necessary?
Authors: Lee Edward S. , Hendrickson Jeanne E. , Tormey Christopher A.
Published: November 2021

See article on page 3468–3472, in this issue
Stability of ex vivo coagulation factor activity in never‐frozen and thawed refrigerated canine plasma stored for 42 days
Authors: Chee Weiqin , Sharp Claire R. , Boyd Corrin J. , Claus Melissa A. , Smart Lisa
Published: November 2021

Objective

The primary objective of this study was to document coagulation factor activity in canine “NEVER‐FROZEN” and “THAWED” refrigerated plasma for the purposes of defining recommended expiration dates. We hypothesized that NEVER‐FROZEN and THAWED refrigerated plasma would maintain >50% activity of coagulation factors V (FV), VII (FVII), VIII (FVIII), IX (FIX), X (FX), and von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF) and a concentration of fibrinogen above the lower bound of the reference interval (>0.982 g/L) for greater than 14 days but less than 42 days.

Design

Prospective laboratory‐based study.

Setting

University teaching hospital blood bank.

Animals

Ten canine plasma units derived from healthy client‐owned blood donors.

Interventions

Serial sampling (days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, 28, 32, 35, 39, 42) from NEVER‐FROZEN and THAWED refrigerated canine plasma units was conducted for measurement of activities of FV, FVII, FVIII, FIX, FX, vWF, and fibrinogen concentrations using the ACL TOP 300. Plasma was defined as “suitable for transfusion” at a given time point if the entire 95% confidence interval for each factor was above 50% activity and above a fibrinogen concentration of 0.982 g/L.

Measurements and main results

The lower bounds of the FVIII and vWF confidence intervals were above 50% up to and including day 32 for NEVER‐FROZEN refrigerated plasma and day 28 for THAWED refrigerated plasma. Confidence intervals for FV, FVII, FIX, and FX remained above 50% activity at all time points. The lower bound of the fibrinogen concentration was <0.982 g/L on day 39 for NEVER‐FROZEN refrigerated plasma and on day 35 for THAWED refrigerated plasma.

Conclusions

Refrigerated canine plasma from these 10 dogs retained coagulation factor activity above the limit that we defined as suitable for transfusion for up to 32 days when NEVER‐FROZEN and 28 days when THAWED. Further studies should evaluate the clinical outcomes and effects on coagulation factor activity of dogs receiving refrigerated plasma transfusions.
Nontraumatic hemoabdomen and pancytopenia secondary to myelolipoma in a cat
Authors: Haak Carol E. , Zumbo Brittany , Allen Julie , Kunz Brittany
Published: November 2021

Objective

(1) To report an unusual etiology for nontraumatic hemoabdomen in cats, and (2) to describe onset and recovery from severe, unexpected pancytopenia seen after surgical removal of a large intra‐abdominal myelolipoma.

Case Summary

A 14‐year‐old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was presented for emergent treatment of suspected nontraumatic hemoabdomen. A hyperechoic mass, with ultrasonographic echogenicity similar to fat, was found in the right cranial abdomen and believed to be associated with the mesentery. Cytological examination of abdominal fluid identified marked extramedullary hematopoiesis within the hemorrhagic effusion. Exploratory laparotomy identified a hepatic mass, which was resected, and revealed to be a hepatic myelolipoma on histopathological examination. The patient's initial recovery was uneventful. However, continued hyporexia resulted in readmission 4 days postoperatively, at which time the patient was found to have a profound, tri‐lineage pancytopenia, and cytological evidence indicative of bone marrow recovery. The pancytopenia resolved with continued medical management and supportive care.

New or Unique Information Provided

Ruptured myelolipoma is not a commonly considered differential for nontraumatic hemoabdomen in cats. Furthermore, severe pancytopenia is unexpected following surgical resection of a myelolipoma. This case provides a unique clinical presentation of both nontraumatic hemoabdomen and bone marrow recovery.
Comparative Assessment of Engine Vibration, Combustion, Performance, and Emission Characteristics Between Single and Twin-Cylinder Diesel Engines in Unifuel and Dual-Fuel Mode
Authors: Chandekar Akash Chandrabhan , Deka Sushmita , Debnath Biplab Kumar , Babu Pallekonda Ramesh
Published: November 2021

The persistent efforts among the researchers are being done to reduce emissions by the exploration of different alternative fuels. The application of alternative fuel is also found to influence engine vibration. The present study explores the potential connection between the change of the engine operating parameters and the engine vibration pattern. The objective is to analyze the effect of alternative fuel on engine vibration and performance. The experiments are performed on two different engines of single cylinder (SC) and twin-cylinder (TC) variants at the load range of 0–34 Nm, with steps of 6.8 Nm and at the constant speed of 1500 rpm. The single cylinder engine, fueled with only diesel mode, is tested at two compression ratios (CRs) of 16.5 and 17.5. However, the twin-cylinder engine with a constant compression ratio of 16.5 is tested at both diesel unifuel and diesel-compressed natural gas (CNG) dual-fuel modes. Further, in dual-fuel mode, tests are conducted with compressed natural gas substitutions of 40%, 60%, and 80% for given loads and speed. The engine vibration signatures are measured in terms of root mean square (RMS) acceleration, representing the amplitude of vibration. The combustion parameters considered are cylinder pressure, rate of pressure rise, heat release rate (HRR), and ignition delay. At higher loads, the vibration amplitude increases along with the cylinder pressure. The maximum peak cylinder pressure (PCP) of 95 bar is found in the case of the single cylinder engine at the highest load condition that also produced a peak vibration of 3219 m/s2.
Automated audiovisual behavior recognition in wild primates
Authors: Bain Max , Nagrani Arsha , Schofield Daniel , Berdugo Sophie , Bessa Joana , Owen Jake , Hockings Kimberley J. , Matsuzawa Tetsuro , Hayashi Misato , Biro Dora , Carvalho Susana , Zisserman Andrew
Published: November 2021

Deep learning using audiovisual data from chimpanzee percussive behaviors enables action recognition in the wild.
Lactate supports a metabolic-epigenetic link in macrophage polarization
Authors: Noe Jordan T. , Rendon Beatriz E. , Geller Anne E. , Conroy Lindsey R. , Morrissey Samantha M. , Young Lyndsay E.A. , Bruntz Ronald C. , Kim Eun J. , Wise-Mitchell Ashley , Barbosa de Souza Rizzo Mariana , Relich Eric R. , Baby Becca V. , Johnson Lance A. , Affronti Hayley C. , McMasters Kelly M. , Clem Brian F. , Gentry Matthew S. , Yan Jun , Wellen Kathryn E. , Sun Ramon C. , Mitchell Robert A.
Published: November 2021

Macrophages use mitochondrial lactate metabolism for ACLY-dependent histone acetylation, immune suppression, and tumor progression.
Morphological consequences of climate change for resident birds in intact Amazonian rainforest
Authors: Jirinec Vitek , Burner Ryan C. , Amaral Bruna R. , Bierregaard Richard O. , Fernández-Arellano Gilberto , Hernández-Palma Angélica , Johnson Erik I. , Lovejoy Thomas E. , Powell Luke L. , Rutt Cameron L. , Wolfe Jared D. , Stouffer Philip C
Published: November 2021

Since 1980, 30 to 69% of species have shown reductions in mass, increases in wing length, and decreases in mass:wing ratio.
Single-cell multiomics defines tolerogenic extrathymic Aire-expressing populations with unique homology to thymic epithelium
Authors: Wang Jiaxi , Lareau Caleb A. , Bautista Jhoanne L. , Gupta Alexander R. , Sandor Katalin , Germino Joe , Yin Yajie , Arvedson Matthew P. , Reeder Gabriella C. , Cramer Nathan T. , Xie Fang , Ntranos Vasilis , Satpathy Ansuman T. , Anderson Mark S. , Gardner James M.
Published: November 2021

Extrathymic Aire-expressing cells are hematopoietic migratory DC–like populations with homology to medullary thymic epithelium.
The Mount Hood fault zone, active faulting at the crest of the dynamic Cascade Range, north-central Oregon, USA
Authors: Madin Ian P. , Streig Ashley R. , Bennett Scott E.K.
Published: November 2021

The Mount Hood fault zone is a N-trending, ~55-km-long zone of active faulting along the western margin of the Hood River graben in north-central Oregon. The Mount Hood fault zone occurs along the crest of the Cascade Range and consists of multiple active fault segments. It is presently unclear how much Hood River graben extension is actively accommodated on the fault zone, and how Cascade intra-arc extension accommodates regional patterns of clockwise rotation and northwest translation of crustal blocks in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Evidence for Holocene activity on the Mount Hood fault zone was discovered in 2009 after acquisition of high-resolution lidar topography of the area. This trip will visit sites displaying evidence of Holocene surface rupture on fault strands within the Mount Hood fault zone. Day 1 starts with a two-hour drive from Portland to Mount Hood, a 3429-m-high glaciated active volcano, where we will visit sites south of the summit along the Twin Lakes fault segment, including several fault scarps and two sites where dating of offset buried soils constrains the timing of the most recent surface-rupturing event to the Holocene. Day 1 includes two hikes of ~1 km and will be partly cross-country. The trip will overnight at the historic Timberline Lodge, an architectural masterpiece from the Civilian Conservation Corps (1933–1942) era, located at tree line on the southern flank of Mount Hood. Day 2 will visit sites north of the summit, stopping along the Blue Ridge fault segment to view the site of 2011 paleoseismic trenches and an offset glacial moraine. We will visit an unusual uphill-facing scarp in coarse talus along the Gate Creek fault segment near the north end of the Mount Hood fault zone. We will conclude Day 2 with a short hike into the Mark O. Hatfield Wilderness along the Gate Creek fault segment to view evidence of a surface-rupturing earthquake that occurred only a few centuries ago, illuminated by a nearby paleoseismic trench hand-dug in 2020. Our neotectonic and paleoseismic data are among the first efforts to document and characterize seismic sources within the Mount Hood fault zone. However, even with our new age data, fault slip rates and earthquake recurrence remain poorly constrained. With our limited earthquake timing data, it is not clear whether all segments of the Mount Hood fault zone rupture together as a ≥ M 7 earthquake, or alternatively, if the fault segments rupture independently in a sequence of smaller ~M 6–sized events.
Fifteen-minute consultation: A structured approach to children with parapneumonic effusion and empyema thoracis
Authors: Dykes Joanna Kirstin B , Lawton Adam , Burchett Saskia , Gupta Atul
Published: November 2021

Parapneumonic effusion is defined as the accumulation of pleural fluid associated with lung infection/pneumonia. Parapneumonic effusions can be uncomplicated or complicated. They are caused by the spread of infection and inflammation to the pleural space, and can develop into empyema thoracis—frank pus in the pleural space. Chest radiograph and thoracic ultrasound are the key imaging modalities for the diagnosis of parapneumonic effusion. Management aims are reducing inflammation and bacteria in the pleural cavity, and enabling full lung expansion. Broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics, with the addition of chest tube drainage and fibrinolytic therapy for larger collections, are the mainstays of management. This article provides a clear, evidence-based and structured approach to the assessment and management of parapneumonic effusion/empyema thoracis in children and young people.
Pembrolizumab as adjuvant therapy in a patient with Lynch syndrome with synchronous mixed clear cell carcinoma of ovarian origin and endometroid endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Batty Kathleen , Li Minmin , Baron-Hay Sally
Published: November 2021

A 48-year-old woman was diagnosed with synchronous mixed clear cell carcinoma of ovarian origin and endometroid endometrial carcinoma after presenting with intermenstrual bleeding for 2 years prior. Shortly after diagnosis she became progressively unwell requiring intensive care unit admission with respiratory failure, pleural effusions and pulmonary emboli. Following a total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, laparotomy and emergency percutaneous thrombectomy, she remained critically unwell and was deemed not safe for chemotherapy. Given a high index of suspicion for Lynch syndrome, the patient was treated with adjuvant pembrolizumab and achieved a complete response. Lynch syndrome was subsequently confirmed through germline genetic testing. The patient made an excellent recovery and remains disease-free at 23 months.
Safety and performance of a suprachoroidal sensor for telemetric measurement of intraocular pressure in the EYEMATE-SC trial
Authors: Szurman Peter , Mansouri Kaweh , Dick H. Burkhard , Mermoud Andre , Hoffmann Esther M , Mackert Marc , Weinreb Robert N , Rao Harsha Laxmana , Seuthe Anna-Maria
Published: November 2021

Aim

To investigate the safety and performance of a telemetric suprachoroidal intraocular pressure (IOP) sensor (EYEMATE-SC) and the accuracy of its IOP measurements in open angle glaucoma (OAG) patients undergoing simultaneous non-penetrating glaucoma surgery (NPGS).

Methods

Prospective, multicentre, open-label, single-arm, interventional clinical trial. Twenty-four eyes of 24 patients with OAG regularly scheduled for NPGS (canaloplasty or deep sclerectomy) were simultaneously implanted with an EYEMATE-SC sensor. Six-month follow-up on the sensor’s safety and performance as well as on the level of agreement between the EYEMATE-SC measurements and IOP measurements with Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT).

Results

The eyes underwent canaloplasty (n=15) or deep sclerectomy (n=9) and achieved successful implantation of the sensor. No device migration, dislocation or serious device-related complications occurred. A total of 367 comparisons were included in the IOP agreement analysis. The overall mean difference between GAT and EYEMATE-SC measurements was 1.31 mm Hg (lower limit of agreement (LoA) 7.55 mm Hg; upper LoA –4.92 mm Hg). The maximum difference of 2.5 mm Hg ±3.96 (LoA 0.30–2.29) was reached on day 10 and continuously improved to an agreement of –0.15 mm Hg ±2.28 (LoA –1.24 to 0.89) after 6 months. Accordingly, the percentage of eyes within an IOP difference of ±5 mm Hg improved from 78% (day 3) to 100% (6 months).

Conclusions

After 6 months, the EYEMATE-SC sensor was safe and well tolerated, and allowed continual IOP monitoring.

Trial registration number

NCT03756662.
Prevalence and factors contributing to dental caries in 12–15-year-old school adolescents in northeast China
Authors: Li Jian , Zhang Kaiqiang , Lu Zhenfu
Published: November 2021

Objectives

The present study investigated the prevalence and factors contributing to dental caries in 12–15-year-old adolescents in northeast China to provide information for dental caries promotion programmes.

Design, setting and participants

A cross-sectional survey including caries examination and questionnaire was performed in Liaoning province, China. 3731 12–15-year-old school adolescents participated in the survey. School adolescents were randomly selected and received a clinical oral examination and completed questionnaires that assessed their oral health-related behaviours and attitudes.

Results

Overall, 3731 12–15-year-old school adolescents participated in the survey. The prevalence of dental caries in these adolescents was 53.65%, and the mean number of decayed–missing–filled teeth (DMFT) in the adolescents was 1.64±2.38 in northeast China, which was higher than the mean in China as a whole. A remarkable difference in DMFTwas exhibited between age groups, region and gender (p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age, region, gender and father’ education were related to the occurrence of caries in these adolescents.

Conclusion

The 12–15-year-old school adolescents assessed exhibited a high prevalence of dental caries and low awareness of oral health. It is critical to protect permanent teeth, and oral and dental health education and promotion should be more comprehensively integrated into school courses for these adolescents.
Meditation involving people with cancer, medical staff and witnesses: a pilot study exploring improvement in wellness and connectedness
Authors: Prevost V , Clarisse Bénédicte , Leconte Alexandra , Delorme Claire , Benoit Sandrine , Tran Titi
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Mindfulness meditation is likely to promote better management of stress, pain and negative emotions. We propose to address the benefit of meditation in an open setting associating people with cancer (target population), medical staff and witnesses (neither patient nor medical staff). This study aims (1) to evaluate the effects of meditation on wellness improvement and (2) to identify criteria and modalities for a subsequent randomised study.

Methods and analysis

We propose a longitudinal pilot study consisting of a non-randomised experimental preintervention/postintervention survey. The intervention consists in delivering a meditation programme (12 weekly meditation sessions of 1.5 hours each), specifically adapted to our target population and addressing our research hypothesis in an open setting involving people with cancer, medical staff and witnesses (equally distributed in two groups of 15 participants). The main objective is to evaluate participants’ adherence to the programme. The effects of meditation will be evaluated on stress, quality of life, feeling of personal effectiveness, on the development of mindfulness and empathy, and on satisfaction and perception of a change in quality of life. We will also measure the putative added value of ‘meditating together’. This study is expected to allow validating the evaluation tools and refining the modalities of the workshops. We expect to demonstrate the evolution that this meditation-based intervention induces in the participants. We aim to promote bridge-building, between patients, medical staff but also others. In this way, one’s own suffering may be understood in the light of others’ suffering, thereby promoting the sense of otherness and giving insights into ‘living better with’. This exploratory study will investigate the relevance of this hypothesis, which could then be explored by a randomised study.

Ethics and dissemination

The protocol was approved by the local ethics committee (Comité de Protection des Personnes Est II). Trial findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

NCT04410185.
Investigating the effect of relationship satisfaction on postpartum women’s health-related quality of life in Burkina Faso: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Lokubal Paul , Calvert Clara , Cousens Simon , Daniele Marina , Ganaba Rasmané , Filippi Veronique
Published: November 2021

Introduction

The period following childbirth poses physiological, physical, social and psychological challenges to women that may affect their quality of life. Few studies in Africa have explored women’s health-related quality of life (HrQoL) and its determinants in postpartum populations, including the quality of women’s relationships with their male partners. We investigated whether relationship satisfaction was associated with better HrQoL among postpartum women in Burkina Faso, 8 months after childbirth.

Methods

We analysed data from 547 women from the control arm of a randomised controlled trial in Burkina Faso. The study outcome was a woman’s HrQoL, assessed using the cross-culturally validated WHOQOL-BREF tool, with response categories adapted for Burkina Faso. The exposure was relationship satisfaction measured using questions adapted from the Dyadic Adjustment Scale and Marital Assessment Test tools. We calculated the median HrQOL scores for the study sample, overall and for each domain of HrQOL (physical, psychological, social and environmental). The association between relationship satisfaction and HrQoL was examined using multiple linear regression models with robust SEs.

Results

Postpartum women had high median HrQoL scores in the physical (88.1), psychological (93.1), social (86.1) and environmental (74.0) domains and overall HrQoL (84.0). We found that higher relationship satisfaction is associated with increased HrQoL. After adjusting for potential confounders, we found that for each point increase in relationship satisfaction score, the increase in HrQoL was 0.39 (p<0.001) for the overall HrQoL; 0.32 (p=0.013) for the physical domain; 0.25 (p=0.037) for the psychological domain; 0.46 (p<0.001) for the social domain and 0.49 (p<0.001) for the environmental domain.

Conclusion

Higher relationship satisfaction is associated with higher HrQoL scores. Policies should aim to support women to cope with the challenges of childbirth and childcare in the postpartum period to improve postpartum women’s HrQoL.
Sexual harassment and organisational silencing in nursing: a cross-sectional study in Greece
Authors: Papantoniou Panagiotis
Published: November 2021

Objective

This study investigates the frequency of sexual harassment among female nurses in the Greek health system and the nurses’ reluctance to report their experiences.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Greece.

Participants

1264 female nurses of working age across different settings responded to the Sexual Experiences Questionnaire (SEQ) web-based format between October 2020 and February 2021. The period investigated by the SEQ was the participant’s entire professional life. The final sample consisted of 1217 nurses with valid data on the frequency of sexually harassing behaviours (gender harassment, unwanted sexual attention, sexual coercion) and the reasons for not reporting sexual harassment.

Main outcome measures

The frequency of sexual harassment was measured in a 5-point Likert Scale (1: very often, 2: often, 3: occasionally, 4: rarely, 5: never), the decision to report/not report sexual harassment was measured in a yes/no format and the impact of sexual harassment on the physical, mental and job-related performance was measured in a 5-point Likert Scale (1: very positively, 2: positively, 3: moderately, 4: negatively, 5: very negatively).

Results

70% of the nurses have experienced sexual harassment at least once in their working lives, while the most frequent type is gender harassment. Male doctors are the most common perpetrators. T-tests and analysis of variance showed that private and younger nurses were more likely to experience sexual harassment while divorced nurses with 1–5 years of experience dealt with sexually coercive behaviours more frequently. 30% did not report sexual harassment because of the fear of negative consequences and beliefs that no action will be taken against the perpetrator. Multiple regression analyses showed that unwanted sexual attention and sexual coercion explain the victim’s physical and job-related adverse outcomes. Cronbach’s α was 0.939.

Conclusions

The results show that sexual harassment rates are high in the Greek health system, while many victims do not report their experiences to the authorities. This emphasises the need to implement drastic measures on behalf of the National Health Service (NHS) policy makers towards helping victims speak up without the fear of negative consequences. Nurse managers are called to implement effective policies against sexual harassment.
‘Stressed, uncomfortable, vulnerable, neglected’: a qualitative study of the psychological and social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on UK frontline keyworkers
Authors: May Tom , Aughterson Henry , Fancourt Daisy , Burton Alexandra
Published: November 2021

Objectives

Non-healthcare keyworkers face distinct occupational vulnerabilities that have received little consideration within broader debates about ‘essential’ work and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was therefore to explore the impact of the pandemic on the working lives and mental health and well-being of non-healthcare keyworkers in the UK.

Design

In-depth, qualitative interviews, analysed using a reflexive thematic analysis.

Setting

Telephone or video call interviews, conducted in the UK between September 2020 and January 2021.

Participants

23 participants aged 26–61 (mean age=47.2) years employed in a range of non-healthcare keyworker occupations, including transport, retail, education, postal services, the police and fire services, waste collection, finance and religious services.

Results

Keyworkers experienced adverse psychological effects during the COVID-19 pandemic, including fears of COVID-19 exposure, contagion and subsequent transmission to others, especially their families. These concerns were often experienced in the context of multiple exposure risks, including insufficient personal protective equipment and a lack of workplace mitigation practices. Keyworkers also described multiple work-related challenges, including increased workload, a lack of public and organisational recognition and feelings of disempowerment.

Conclusions

In efforts to reduce psychosocial concerns among non-healthcare keyworkers, there is a need for appropriate support during the COVID-19 pandemic and in preparation for other infections (eg, seasonal influenza) in the future. This includes the provision of psychological and workplace measures attending to the intersections of personal vulnerability and work conditions that cause unique risks and challenges among those in frontline keyworker occupations.
Health and well-being in small island communities: a cross-sectional study in the Solomon Islands
Authors: Furusawa Takuro , Pitakaka Freda , Gabriel Spencer , Sai Akira , Tsukahara Takahiro , Ishida Takafumi
Published: November 2021

Objectives

This study explored the health problems of inhabitants of small South Pacific Islands under the influence of climate change, focusing on three communities in the Solomon Islands.

Design

Cross-sectional study of the Solomon Islands’ populations.

Setting

A field survey was conducted in Taro Island, a small, urbanised island with a whole-community relocation plan; Manuopo community of Reef Islands, a small remote island on an atoll environment and Sasamungga, an intermediately urbanised community on a larger island. The Sasamungga community was used for comparison.

Participants

Each community’s participants were recruited through local health authorities, and 113, 155 and 116 adults (aged 18+ years) from Taro, Manuopo and Sasamungga, respectively, participated voluntarily.

Methods

Each participant’s body height, weight and body mass index were measured. A drop of blood was sampled for malaria testing; glycated haemoglobin and C reactive protein levels, measured from another drop of blood, were markers for diabetes and inflammation, respectively. The Primary Care Screening Questionnaire for Depression measured depressive mental states.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Regarding health status, the dependent variables—communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases and mental state—and independent variables—differences in communities and socioeconomic status—were measured through health check-ups and interviews of individual participants.

Results

Taro Island inhabitants had a higher risk of obesity (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.27, p=0.0189), and Manuopo inhabitants had a higher risk of depression (1.25, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.44, p=0.0026) than Sasamungga inhabitants. Manuopo inhabitants recognised more serious problems of food security, livelihood, place to live and other aspects of daily living than other communities’ inhabitants.

Conclusions

The three small island communities’ observation identified different health problems: the urbanised community and remote community had a high risk of non-communicable diseases and mental disorders, respectively. These health problems should be monitored continuously during future climate-related changes.
Performance comparison of asphalt emulsion stabilized granular base modified with cement or asphaltenes
Authors: Uddin Muhammad Misbah , Kamran Farshad , Hashemian Leila
Published: November 2021

Asphalt emulsion is a common material used for pavement base course stabilization, and cement is usually added as an active filler to improve the stability of asphalt emulsion mixtures further. However, using cement in these mixes has several drawbacks, including high material costs and environmental issues. On the other hand, asphaltenes is a waste by-product derived from the processing of Alberta oil-sands bitumen that could be used for the same purpose. This investigation compares the impact of cement and asphaltenes as additives to asphalt emulsion-stabilized layers. To compare the performance properties, cement- and asphaltenes-modified mixtures are prepared at different concentrations. The performance properties of the modified mixtures are investigated by conducting a series of tests including Marshall stability, indirect tensile strength, IDEAL-CT, and tensile strength ratio. In addition, to evaluate low-temperature cracking resistance of the mixtures, indirect tensile strength test is conducted at 0 °C and –10 °C.
Chemostratigraphy as a tool for sequence stratigraphy in the Devonian Hare Indian Formation in the Mackenzie Mountains and Central Mackenzie Valley, Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Harris Brette S. , LaGrange Maya T. , Biddle Sara K. , Playter Tiffany L. , Fiess Kathryn M. , Gingras Murray K.
Published: November 2021

The Hare Indian Formation (HIF) is a late Eifelian to Givetian organic-rich mudstone constituting the lower portion of the Horn River Group (HRG), which has been minimally scrutinized in the literature. This paper proposes depositional environments and a sequence stratigraphic framework for the HIF. Using composition data collected via energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence, geochemical proxies inform detrital input, silica source, and paleoredox conditions. Cross-plots and chemostratigraphic profiles of detritally sourced Al, Ti, and K and redox-sensitive Mo and V inform depositional and stratigraphic constraints. Silica proportions vary, indicating that sediment was derived from detrital and biogenic sources. Al, Ti, and K distributions increase upwards, showing increased continentally sourced minerals. Redox-sensitive metals are highest in the Bluefish Member (BM), suggesting intermittent euxinia. Based on the presence of continental and pelagic sediments, the sedimentary environment is interpreted as proximal- to mid-shelf. These proxies guide systems tract interpretations. Si and redox-sensitive metal concentrations peak higher in the BM, accompanied by lowered concentrations of Al, Ti, and K, suggesting a maximum flooding surface. At the top of the Prohibition and Bell Creek members, redox-sensitive enrichments are lower with higher concentrations of Al, Ti, and K, suggesting a maximum regressive surface. Transgression occurred during the initial deposition of the BM, followed by regression for the remainder of the HIF. The sedimentology of the HIF can be difficult to decipher; the use of chemostratigraphy supports its geological history (including sedimentation trends and a local record of relative sea level) using methods that may be applied to other fine-grained successions.
Modeling and Optimization Analysis for Base-Excited Magnetostrictive Vibration Harvester
Authors: Liu Huifang , Li Wencheng , Sun Xingwei , Chang Yunlong , Gao Yifei
Published: November 2021

Due to the low vibration frequency and weak vibration energy in natural environment, the vibration energy harvester is faced with the problem of low power and low adaptability and becoming particularly difficult in actual conditions. It is necessary to improve the harvesting capacity and efficiency by optimizing the parameters of the harvester, making full use of the energy of low and unstable atmospheric vibrations. In this paper, a mathematical model is established for the cantilever magnetostrictive vibration harvester under the base excitation, including the mechanical deformation of the composite beam, and the electromagnetic results produced thereof. The mechanical-magneticelectric energy conversion relationship is duly taken into account. The additional weight, coil parameters, external resistance and other parameters of the harvester are optimized and analyzed through numerical simulation. In addition, the theoretical results are analyzed and discussed via comparison with experiments. Finally, the effects of the above factors are assessed, which allows us to obtain the optimal winding length, number of turns of the coil, and optimal tip additional mass. The experiment result shows that the optimized magnetostrictive harvester can output 12.07[Formula: see text]mW power to the external resistor under the condition of 1[Formula: see text]g acceleration mechanical vibration, with normalized power density reaching 40.2[Formula: see text]mW/cm3/g. Moreover, the optimized magnetostrictive harvester can successfully supply power for the LED display screen of the temperature sensor and a low-power thermometer.
Health Status Prediction with Local-Global Heterogeneous Behavior Graph
Authors: Ma Xuan , Yang Xiaoshan , Gao Junyu , Xu Changsheng
Published: November 2021

Health management is getting increasing attention all over the world. However, existing health management mainly relies on hospital examination and treatment, which are complicated and untimely. The emergence of mobile devices provides the possibility to manage people’s health status in a convenient and instant way. Estimation of health status can be achieved with various kinds of data streams continuously collected from wearable sensors. However, these data streams are multi-source and heterogeneous, containing complex temporal structures with local contextual and global temporal aspects, which makes the feature learning and data joint utilization challenging. We propose to model the behavior-related multi-source data streams with a local-global graph, which contains multiple local context sub-graphs to learn short-term local context information with heterogeneous graph neural networks and a global temporal sub-graph to learn long-term dependency with self-attention networks. Then health status is predicted based on the structure-aware representation learned from the local-global behavior graph. We take experiments on the StudentLife dataset, and extensive results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed model.