bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
State-Dependent Population Coding in Primary Auditory Cortex
Authors: Pachitariu Marius , Lyamzin Dmitry R. , Sahani Maneesh , Lesica Nicholas A.
Published: February 2015

Sensory function is mediated by interactions between external stimuli and intrinsic cortical dynamics that are evident in the modulation of evoked responses by cortical state. A number of recent studies across different modalities have demonstrated that the patterns of activity in neuronal populations can vary strongly between synchronized and desynchronized cortical states, i.e., in the presence or absence of intrinsically generated up and down states. Here we investigated the impact of cortical state on the population coding of tones and speech in the primary auditory cortex (A1) of gerbils, and found that responses were qualitatively different in synchronized and desynchronized cortical states. Activity in synchronized A1 was only weakly modulated by sensory input, and the spike patterns evoked by tones and speech were unreliable and constrained to a small range of patterns. In contrast, responses to tones and speech in desynchronized A1 were temporally precise and reliable across trials, and different speech tokens evoked diverse spike patterns with extremely weak noise correlations, allowing responses to be decoded with nearly perfect accuracy. Restricting the analysis of synchronized A1 to activity within up states yielded similar results, suggesting that up states are not equivalent to brief periods of desynchronization. These findings demonstrate that the representational capacity of A1 depends strongly on cortical state, and suggest that cortical state should be considered as an explicit variable in all studies of sensory processing.
KChIP-Like Auxiliary Subunits of Kv4 Channels Regulate Excitability of Muscle Cells and Control Male Turning Behavior during Mating inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Chen Xin , Ruan Mei-Yu , Cai Shi-Qing
Published: February 2015

Voltage-gated Kv4 channels control the excitability of neurons and cardiac myocytes by conducting rapidly activating-inactivating currents. The function of Kv4 channels is profoundly modulated by K+channel interacting protein (KChIP) soluble auxiliary subunits. However, thein vivomechanism of the modulation is not fully understood. Here, we identified threeC. elegansKChIP-like (ceKChIP) proteins, NCS-4, NCS-5, and NCS-7. All three ceKChIPs alter electrical characteristics of SHL-1, aC. elegansKv4 channel ortholog, currents by slowing down inactivation kinetics and shifting voltage dependence of activation to more hyperpolarizing potentials. Native SHL-1 current is completely abolished in cultured myocytes of Triple KO worms in which all three ceKChIP genes are deleted. Reexpression of NCS-4 partially restored expression of functional SHL-1 channels, whereas NCS-4(efm), a NCS-4 mutant with impaired Ca2+-binding ability, only enhanced expression of SHL-1 proteins, but failed to transport them from the Golgi apparatus to the cell membrane in body wall muscles of Triple KO worms. Moreover, translational reporter revealed that NCS-4 assembles with SHL-1 K+channels in male diagonal muscles. Deletion of eitherncs-4orshl-1significantly impairs male turning, a behavior controlled by diagonal muscles during mating. The phenotype of thencs-4null mutant could be rescued by reexpression of NCS-4, but not NCS-4(efm), further emphasizing the importance of Ca2+binding to ceKChIPs in regulating native SHL-1 channel function. Together, these data reveal an evolutionarily conserved mechanism underlying the regulation of Kv4 channels by KChIPs and unravel critical roles of ceKChIPs in regulating muscle cell excitability and animal behavior inC. elegans.
Brightness–Color Interactions in Human Early Visual Cortex
Authors: Xing Dajun , Ouni Ahmed , Chen Stephanie , Sahmoud Hinde , Gordon James , Shapley Robert
Published: February 2015

The interaction between brightness and color causes there to be different color appearance when one and the same object is viewed against surroundings of different brightness. Brightness contrast causes color to be desaturated, as has been found in perceptual experiments on color induction and color-gamut expansion in human vision. However, it is not clear yet where in the cerebral cortex the brightness–color interaction that causes these major perceptual effects is located. One hypothesis is that brightness and color signals are processed separately and in parallel within the primary visual cortex V1 and only interact in extrastriate cortex. Another hypothesis is that color and brightness contrast interact strongly already within V1. We localized the brightness–color interaction in human V1 by means of recording the chromatic visual-evoked potential. The chromatic visual-evoked potential measurements decisively support the idea that brightness–color interaction arises in a recurrent inhibitory network in V1. Furthermore, our results show that the inhibitory signal for brightness–color interaction is generated by local brightness contrast at the boundary between target and surround, instead of by the luminance difference between the interior of the color target and its large background.
Augmentation of M-Type (KCNQ) Potassium Channels as a Novel Strategy to Reduce Stroke-Induced Brain Injury
Authors: Bierbower Sonya M. , Choveau Frank S. , Lechleiter James D. , Shapiro Mark S.
Published: February 2015

Cerebral ischemic stroke is a worldwide cause of mortality/morbidity and thus an important focus of research to decrease the severity of brain injury. Therapeutic options for acute stroke are still limited. In neurons throughout the brain, “M-type” K+currents, underlain by KCNQ subunits 2–5, play dominant roles in control over excitability, and are thus implicated in myriad neurological and psychiatric disorders. Although KCNQ channel openers, such as retigabine, have emerged as anti-epilepsy drugs, their effects on ischemic injury remain unknown. Here, we investigated the protective effects of M-channel openers on stroke-induced brain injury in mouse photothrombotic and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) models. Both photothrombosis and MCAo led to rapid, predictable, and consistently sized necrotic brain lesions, inflammatory responses, and behavioral deficits. Administration of three distinct M-channel openers at 0–6 h after ischemic injury significantly decreased brain infarct size and inflammation, and prevented neurological dysfunction, although they were more effective when administered 0–3 h poststroke. Thus, we show beneficial effects against stroke-induced brain injury and neuronal death through pharmacological regulation of ion channels that control neuronal excitability.
Synaptic Circuit Organization of Motor Corticothalamic Neurons
Authors: Yamawaki Naoki , Shepherd Gordon M.G.
Published: February 2015

Corticothalamic (CT) neurons in layer 6 constitute a large but enigmatic class of cortical projection neurons. How they are integrated into intracortical and thalamo-cortico-thalamic circuits is incompletely understood, especially outside of sensory cortex. Here, we investigated CT circuits in mouse forelimb motor cortex (M1) using multiple circuit-analysis methods. Stimulating and recording from CT, intratelencephalic (IT), and pyramidal tract (PT) projection neurons, we found strong CT↔ CT and CT↔ IT connections; however, CT→IT connections were limited to IT neurons in layer 6, not 5B. There was strikingly little CT↔ PT excitatory connectivity. Disynaptic inhibition systematically accompanied excitation in these pathways, scaling with the amplitude of excitation according to both presynaptic (class-specific) and postsynaptic (cell-by-cell) factors. In particular, CT neurons evoked proportionally more inhibition relative to excitation (I/E ratio) than IT neurons. Furthermore, the amplitude of inhibition was tuned to match the amount of excitation at the level of individual neurons; in the extreme, neurons receiving no excitation received no inhibition either. Extending these studies to dissect the connectivity between cortex and thalamus, we found that M1-CT neurons and thalamocortical neurons in the ventrolateral (VL) nucleus were remarkably unconnected in either direction. Instead, VL axons in the cortex excited both IT and PT neurons, and CT axons in the thalamus excited other thalamic neurons, including those in the posterior nucleus, which additionally received PT excitation. These findings, which contrast in several ways with previous observations in sensory areas, illuminate the basic circuit organization of CT neurons within M1 and between M1 and thalamus.
Regulation of Mechanosensation inC. elegansthrough Ubiquitination of the MEC-4 Mechanotransduction Channel
Authors: Chen Xiaoyin , Chalfie Martin
Published: February 2015

InCaenorhabditis elegans, gentle touch is sensed by the anterior (ALM and AVM) and posterior (PLM) touch receptor neurons. Anterior, but not posterior, touch is affected by several stress conditions via the action of AKT kinases and the DAF-16/FOXO transcription factor. Here we show that a ubiquitination-dependent mechanism mediates such effects. AKT-1/AKT kinase and DAF-16 alter the transcription ofmfb-1, which encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase needed for the ubiquitination of the mechanosensory channel subunit MEC-4. Ubiquitination of MEC-4 reduces the amount of MEC-4 protein in the processes of ALM neurons and, consequently, the mechanoreceptor current. Even under nonstress conditions, differences in the amount of MFB-1 appear to cause the PLM neurons to be less sensitive to touch than the ALM neurons. These studies demonstrate that modulation of surface mechanoreceptors can regulate the sensitivity to mechanical signals.
Action Perception Is Intact in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Cusack James P. , Williams Justin H.G. , Neri Peter
Published: February 2015

Autistic traits span a wide spectrum of behavioral departures from typical function. Despite the heterogeneous nature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), there have been attempts at formulating unified theoretical accounts of the associated impairments in social cognition. A class of prominent theories capitalizes on the link between social interaction and visual perception: effective interaction with others often relies on discrimination of subtle nonverbal cues. It has been proposed that individuals with ASD may rely on poorer perceptual representations of other people's actions as returned by dysfunctional visual circuitry and that this, in turn, may lead to less effective interpretation of those actions for social behavior. It remains unclear whether such perceptual deficits exist in ASD: the evidence currently available is limited to specific aspects of action recognition, and the reported deficits are often attributable to cognitive factors that may not be strictly visual (e.g., attention). We present results from an exhaustive set of measurements spanning the entire action processing hierarchy, from motion detection to action interpretation, designed to factor out effects that are not selectively relevant to this function. Our results demonstrate that the ASD perceptual system returns functionally intact signals for interpreting other people's actions adequately; these signals can be accessed effectively when autistic individuals are prompted and motivated to do so under controlled conditions. However, they may fail to exploit them adequately during real-life social interactions.
A Path to Acceptance
Authors: Peters Erica J.
Published: February 2015

In the face of racial hostility and discrimination, Chinese immigrant restaurateurs and community leaders in San Francisco, in addition to satisfying the appetites and social needs of their fellow immigrants, employed a variety of strategies to draw a desirable class of white patrons and, at the same time, to win tolerance and acceptance.
The Importance of Place and Place-Makers in the Life of a Los Angeles Community
Authors: Molina Natalia
Published: February 2015

This article looks at restaurants as urban forms of public space in which ethnic entrepreneurs act as place-makers. The author highlights El Nayarit, a Mexican restaurant in the Echo Park section of Los Angeles, from 1947 to the present, as a nucleus of a community where racial, ethnic, class, and generational boundaries were breached. This restaurant and its spin-off enterprises also helped to define the neighborhood as ethnic space. In contrast, urban redevelopment and gentrification, beginning in the 1990s, have resulted in erasure of the area’s history and the sense of space in which ethnic identity and multiethnic bonds were once fostered.
Tumour nuclear oestrogen receptor beta 1 correlates inversely with parathyroid tumour weight
Authors: Haglund Felix , Rosin Gustaf , Nilsson Inga-Lena , Juhlin C Christofer , Pernow Ylva , Norenstedt Sophie , Dinets Andrii , Larsson Catharina , Hartman Johan , Höög Anders
Published: February 2015

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrinopathy, frequently caused by a parathyroid adenoma, rarely by a parathyroid carcinoma that lacks effective oncological treatment. As the majority of cases are present in postmenopausal women, oestrogen signalling has been implicated in the tumourigenesis. Oestrogen receptor beta 1 (ERB1) and ERB2 have been recently identified in parathyroid adenomas, the former inducing genes coupled to tumour apoptosis. We applied immunohistochemistry and slide digitalisation to quantify nuclear ERB1 and ERB2 in 172 parathyroid adenomas, atypical adenomas and carcinomas, and ten normal parathyroid glands. All the normal parathyroid glands expressed ERB1 and ERB2. The majority of tumours expressed ERB1 (70.6%) at varying intensities, and ERB2 (96.5%) at strong intensities. Parathyroid carcinomas expressed ERB1 in three out of six cases and ERB2 in five out of six cases. The intensity of tumour nuclear ERB1 staining significantly correlated inversely with tumour weight (P=0.011), and patients whose tumours were classified as ERB1-negative had significantly greater tumour weight as well as higher serum calcium (P=0.002) and parathyroid hormone levels (P=0.003). Additionally, tumour nuclear ERB1 was not expressed differentially with respect to sex or age of the patient. Levels of tumour nuclear ERB2 did not correlate with clinical characteristics. In conclusion, decreased ERB1 immunoreactivity is associated with increased tumour weight in parathyroid adenomas. Given the previously reported correlation with tumour-suppressive signalling, selective oestrogen receptor modulation (SERMs) may play a role in the treatment of parathyroid carcinomas. Future studies of SERMs and oestrogen treatment in PHPT should consider tumour weight as a potential factor in pharmacological responsiveness.
Diagnosis and Prognosis of the Hearing Impairment Risk
Authors: Gabriel-Dragoş Vasilescu
Published: February 2015

This paper describes a methodological approach on the analysis and on the statistical and probabilistic assessment of the hearing impairment risk, based on the hazards quantified as risk predictors, in order to establish the modalities for assessing the caution limits related to the acceptability ranges. The research has been achieved within the PN 45 07 01 15 project in the framework of the NUCLEU/2009-2010 program.The statistical approach is based on the rational quantification of what exists and can be observed, the probabilistic part of this fact representing the extrapolation to what it can be reasonably deduced from these statistics of hearing impairment occurrence probability. This project has a national and international interest, entailing the increase of occupational health and safety level and ensuring sustainable environmental quality and comfort at workplaces.
Management of Security Risk in the Energy Field
Authors: Gabriel Vasilescu  , Passca Mihaela  , Mihail Vătăsescu  , Ciprian Jitea
Published: February 2015

An integrated method for an efficient internal auditing of OHS applicable to the work systems met in hydrotechnical and hydroelectrical operations has been devised as part of the program NUCLEU/2010-2011 – Project PN 07 45 01 12.
This project represents an approach in compliance with the European and national requirments aiming at increasing OHS level for companies involved in water construction works and also provides sustainability to the related environment.
Development of Artificial Neural Network Models for Biogas Production from Co-Digestion of Leachate and Pineapple Peel
Authors: Souwalak Jaroenpoj  , Qiming Jimmy Yu  , James Ness
Published: February 2015

The processes of anaerobic digestion and co-digestion are complicated and the development of computational models that are capable of simulation and prediction of anaerobic digester performances can assist in the operation of the anaerobic digestion processes and the optimization for methane production. The artificial neural network approach is considered to be an appropriate and uncomplicated modelling approach for anaerobic digestion applications. This study developed neural network models to predict the outcomes of anaerobic co-digestion of leachate with pineapple peel using experimental data. The multilayered feed forward neural network model proposed was capable of predicting the outcomes of biogas production from the anaerobic co-digestion processes with a mean squared error for validation of 2.67 x 10-2 and a R value for validation of 0.9942. The approach was found to be effective, flexible and versatile in coping with the non-linear relationships using available information.
Change of Staphylococcus Aureus and Salmonella During Storage Period of Food Wastes in China
Authors: Panyue Zhang  , Hao Wu  , Fan Li  , Juan Li  , Gaopeng Li  , Jianhua Wang
Published: February 2015

ood wastes, such as animal feedstuff, may result in risks of disease spreading. Changes of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella in the food wastes during storage period were investigated in this paper. Staphylococcus aureus were tested by plate count and coagulase test, and Salmonella were tested by plate count and PCR assay. Results showed that both Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella existed in the food wastes. After 48 h storage at 20 oC and 37 oC, the amount of Staphylococcus aureus decreased from 103 - 105 CFU/g to 102 and 0 CFU/g respectively. The amount of Salmonella decreased from 5.5x106 - 4.6x107 CFU/g to a range between 2.0x104 and 2.0x105 CFU/g after 48 h storage at 20 oC, and it was less than 20 CFU/g after 48 h storage at 37 oC. The two pathogenic bacteria would be restricted by pH decrease, which was caused by the fermentation of the food wastes.
Time Series in the Study of Seismic Regime of Vrancea (Romania) Seismic Zone
Authors: R.Z. Burtiev
Published: February 2015

In the series of monthly number of earthquakes is present long-term systematic component. The assumption about stationary of the average value and the variance is rejected. Statistically significant autocorrelation coefficients mean that the time series is not random, and there is some connection between successive levels. In order to predict a series of exponential smoothing method was used. Best model is simple seasonal for the logarithm of the levels, and Winters additive for the square root level of the original series. The research of time series confirms that the ARIMA (0, 1, 2) x (1, 0, 1) s model can be used to the analysis and prediction of uniform non-stationary time series with a nonlinear trend, such as a polynomial of low degree. Prediction for 2012 is computed using simple Simple seasonal, Winters and ARIMA models.
New record and distribution extension of the rare Atlantic Forest endemic Abrawayaomys ruschii Cunha & Cruz, 1979 (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae)
Authors: Maestri Renan , Kubiak Bruno Busnello , Galiano Daniel , Freitas Thales Renato Ochotorena de , Marinho Jorge Reppold
Published: February 2015

We recorded three individuals of Abrawayaomys ruschii Cunha & Cruz, 1979 in Chapecó, Santa Catarina state, expanding the known geographic distribution of the species in approximately 370 km west from its nearest locality. It is the second record of the species in this type of physiognomy, characterized by the transition of Seasonal Deciduous and Mixed Ombrophilous forests. Additionally, this is the closest record, about 200 km east, from the recently described Abrawayaomys chebezi Pardiñas, Teta & D’Elía, 2009.
Calotes emma Gray, 1845 (Squamata: Agamidae): range extension and new addition to the reptilian fauna of Tripura, northeast India
Authors: Majumder Joydeb , Agarwala B. K.
Published: February 2015

Two new records of Calotes emma Gray, 1845, are reported from Srirampur and Homnpui in the state of Tripura, northeast India. These records are the first from Tripura. Present locality records extended the known distribution of C. emma in Southeast Asia.
New state record of gall midge species (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) associated with Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess (Calophyllaceae)
Authors: Proença Barbara , Maia Valéria Cid
Published: February 2015

Five gall midges species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) are recorded for the first time in Pirenópolis (Goiás, Brazil, Cerrado biome): Contarinia gemmae, Lopesia caulinaris, L. conspicua, and L. elliptica, as well as an unidentified species of Cecidomyiidae, causative agent of marginal leaf galls. All of these species are associated with Calophyllum brasiliense (Calophyllaceae). Previous records included only Southern Brazil and now, the geographic distribution of these species is widened to the Midwest Region.
Organic Hydrogel Templates for Tunable Mesoporous Silica Hybrid Materials
Authors: Kahn Jennifer L. , Eren Necla Mine , Campanella Osvaldo , Voytik-Harbin Sherry L. , Rickus Jenna L.
Published: February 2015

Porous coatings at the surface of living cells have application in human cell transplantation by controlling the transport of biomolecules to and from the cells. Sol-gel-derived mesoporous silica materials are good candidates for such coatings, owing to their biocompatibility, facile solution-based synthesis conditions, and thin film formation. Diffusion and transport across the coating correlates to long-range microstructural properties, including pore size distribution, porosity, and pore morphology. Here, we investigated collagen-fibril matrices with known biocompatibility to serve as templating systems for directed silica deposition. Type 1 collagen oligomers derived from porcine skin are extensively characterized such that we can predict and customize the final collagen-fibril matrix with respect to fibril density, interfibril branching and viscoelasticity. We show that these matrices template and direct the deposition of mesoporous silica at the level of individual collagen fibrils. We varied the fibril density, silicic acid concentration, and time of exposure to silicifying solution and characterized the resulting hybrid materials by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and rheology. Microstructural properties of the collagen-fibril template are preserved in the silica surface of hybrid materials. Results for three different collagen fibril densities, corresponding to shear storage moduli of 200 Pa, 1000 Pa, and 1600 Pa, indicate that increased fibril density increases the absolute amount of templated silica when all other silica synthesis conditions are kept constant. Additionally, mechanical properties of the hybrid material are dominated by the presence of the silica coating rather than the starting collagen matrix stiffness.
Modeling of Ductile Fracture at Engineering Scales: A Mechanism-Based Approach
Authors: Gao Xiaosheng , Zhou Jun , Zhai Jinyuan
Published: February 2015

This paper summarizes the work we conducted in recent years on modeling plastic response of metallic alloys and ductile fracture of engineering components, with the emphasis on the effect of the stress state. It is shown that the classical J2 plasticity theory cannot correctly describe the plasticity behavior of many materials. The experimental and numerical studies of a variety of structural alloys result in a general form of plasticity model for isotropic materials, where the yield function and the flow potential are expressed as functions of the first invariant of the stress tensor and the second and third invariants of the deviatoric stress tensor. Several mechanism-based models have been developed to capture the ductile fracture process of metallic alloys. Two of such models are described in this paper. The first one is a cumulative strain damage model where the damage parameter is dependent on the stress triaxiality and the Lode parameter. The second one is a modification to the Gurson-type porous plasticity models, where two damage parameters, representing void damage and shear damage respectively, are coupled into the yield function and flow potential. These models are shown to be able to predict fracture initiation and propagation in various specimens experiencing a wide range of stress states.
Oxide-Assisted Semiconductor Nanowire Growth
Authors: Lee S.T. , Wang N. , Zhang Y.F. , Tang Y.H.
Published: February 2015

Semiconductor wires with nanometer widths have attracted much attention in recent years for their potential applications in mesoscopic research and nanodevices. Since the 1960s, Si whiskers grown from the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) reaction have been extensively studied. In the VLS reaction, Au particles are generally used as the mediating solvent on a Si substrate since Au and Si form a molten alloy at a relatively low temperature. Si in the vapor phase diffuses into the liquid-alloy droplet and bonds to the solid Si at the liquid-solid interface, which results in the growth of Si whiskers. The diameter of the whisker is determined by the diameter of the liquid-alloy droplet at its tip. Si whiskers generally grow along ⟨111⟩ directions epitaxially on Si(111) substrates in the form of single crystals by the VLS reaction.

In different materials systems, however, a variety of whisker forms can be obtained. For example, GaP whiskers display rotational twins around their ⟨111⟩ growth axes, while GaAs whiskers grow in the form of the wurtzite structure.

Thus far, the synthesis of one-dimensional nanostructured materials on a large scale remains a challenge. In recent years, many efforts have been made to synthesize Si nanowires by employing different methods such as photolithography and etching techniques and scanning tunneling microscopy. One method of particular interest is a recently developed laser ablation of metal-containing semiconductor targets, by which bulk quantities of semiconductor nanowires can be readily obtained. Our recent studies show that oxides play a dominant role in the nucleation and growth of high-quality semiconductor nanowires in bulk quantities by laser ablation, thermal evaporation, or chemical vapor deposition. A new growth mechanism called oxide-assisted nanowire growth has therefore been established. The ability to synthesize large quantities of high-purity (no contamination), ultra-long (in millimeters), and uniform-sized semiconductor nanowires (a few nanometers to tens of nanometers in diameter) from this new technique offers exciting possibilities in fundamental and applied research.
Detecção do mofo-branco no feijoeiro, utilizando características espectrais
Authors: Boechat Lorena Temponi , Pinto Francisco de Assis de Carvalho , Paula Júnior Trazilbo José de , Queiroz Daniel Marçal , Teixeira Hudson
Published: February 2015

Neste trabalho, objetivou-se estudar a resposta espectral de plantas de feijoeiro à infecção por Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, fungo causador do mofo-branco. Foram conduzidos dois ensaios, no delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições, no primeiro ensaio, e seis tratamentos e quatro repetições, no segundo. Medidas de reflectância espectral do dossel do feijoeiro, entre os comprimentos de ondas de 400 a 850 nm, foram tomadas aos 60, 71, 91 e 102 dias após a emergência (DAE), no primeiro ensaio, e aos 13, 27, 34, 56, 71 e 91 DAE, no segundo. Os dados espectrais foram transformados em índices de vegetação: da diferença normalizada (NDVI), da diferença de verde normalizado (GNDVI) e ajustado para o solo (SAVI). A severidade do mofo-branco foi avaliada, visualmente, aos 102 DAE, no primeiro ensaio, e aos 92 DAE, no segundo. Houve correlação significativa apenas no segundo ensaio, entre a severidade da doença e o NDVI, aos 71 DAE. A resposta espectral do feijoeiro pode ser utilizada para a detecção da ocorrência do mofo-branco e, consequentemente, como ferramenta no manejo integrado.
Seletividade de produtos naturais comerciais a Trichogramma pretiosum (Riley, 1879) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)
Authors: Luckmann Daiane , Gouvea Alfredo de , Potrich Michele , Silva Everton Ricardi Lozano da , Puretz Barbara , Dallacort Sidinei , Gonçalves Thiago Evandro
Published: February 2015

A seletividade de produtos naturais a parasitoides é pouco conhecida. Em vista disso, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a seletividade de produtos naturais comerciais a Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Os produtos utilizados foram Baicao®, Orobor® e Topneem®, nas concentrações recomendadas pelos fabricantes, e pulverizados sobre cartelas contendo ovos esterilizados de Anagasta kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Teste com chance de escolha para parasitismo foi realizado, confinando-se uma fêmea de T. pretiosum com duas cartelas, uma pulverizada com o produto e outra considerada testemunha, avaliando-se a percentagem de parasitismo. O teste sem chance de escolha consistiu na pulverização dos tratamentos, em cartelas, previamente ou posteriormente ao parasitismo. Em ambos os testes, avaliaram-se o número de ovos parasitados, a percentagem de emergência e a longevidade de adultos. No teste com chance de escolha, os produtos Topneem® e Baicao® provocaram redução do parasitismo de T. pretiosum. No teste sem chance de escolha, Baicao®, pulverizado previamente sobre cartelas contendo ovos de A. kuehniella, interferiu negativamente na emergência de T. pretiosum. Houve redução do número de ovos parasitados quando Baicao® foi pulverizado no tratamento pré-parasitismo. Orobor® é seletivo a T. pretiosum nas condições de realização do experimento e não afetou negativamente os parâmetros avaliados. Baicao® não foi seletivo para T. pretiosum, afetou a maioria dos parâmetros avaliados e foi classificado como levemente nocivo quanto à toxicidade aos adultos do parasitoide, em condições de laboratório.
Análise de fatores e regressão bissegmentada no estudo da adaptabilidade e estabilidade de cenoura
Authors: Carvalho Agnaldo Donizete Ferreira de , Silva Giovani Olegario da , Pereira Ricardo Borges , Pinheiro Jadir Borges
Published: February 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a estabilidade e a adaptabilidade de oito genótipos de cenoura (três cultivares e cinco populações), em 17 ambientes, nas regiões nordeste, centro-oeste, sudeste e sul do Brasil, nos anos agrícolas 2009/10, 2010/11 e 2011/12. Os experimentos foram conduzidos entre novembro e janeiro de cada ano, conforme o calendário agrícola dos produtores. A parcela experimental foi composta de área igual a 1,0 m², em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. Os tratos culturais foram similares aos usados pelos produtores. Na colheita, as raízes comercializáveis foram quantificadas e os valores transformados para t ha-1. Realizouse a análise de variância e, posteriormente, a análise de fatores e a análise de regressão bissegmentada, visando ao estudo de estabilidade e adaptabilidade. Nenhum genótipo apresentou adaptabilidade ampla. A análise de fatores conseguiu agrupar menos de 50% dos ambientes avaliados. O genótipo ideal não foi encontrado pela análise de regressão. O cultivar 'BRS Planalto' foi o mais adaptado, pelo método da regressão bissegmentada, enquanto, pela análise de fatores, 'Brasília', CNPH-600 e CNPH-589 mostraram-se mais adaptados. Os resultados obtidos por essas metodologias demonstram a dificuldade de recomendação de um cultivar para todas as regiões produtoras e que programas regionalizados devem ser iniciados. A utilização dos dois métodos associados permite a tomada de decisões mais segura acerca do comportamento dos genótipos de cenoura.
Adubação verde com crotalária consorciada ao minimilho antecedendo a couve-folha sob manejo orgânico
Authors: Corrêa André Luiz , Abboud Antônio Carlos de Souza , Guerra José Guilherme Marinho , Aguiar Luiz Augusto de , Ribeiro Raul de Lucena Duarte
Published: February 2015

Este experimento foi realizado em Seropédica, RJ, com três tratamentos de cultivos para adubação verde, compostos por milho, consórcio de milho com crotalária e crotalária, em blocos ao acaso. Durante o crescimento, realizou-se a colheita de minimilho. Após o corte das plantas, os tratamentos foram combinados com duas formas de preparo do solo: plantio direto e preparo convencional, em esquema de subparcelas, com posterior plantio de couve-folha. As avaliações constaram de produção de matérias fresca e seca e acúmulo de nutrientes da parte aérea dos adubos verdes; produtividade, peso de palha e número de espigas; acúmulo de nutrientes nas espigas; comprimento, diâmetro e peso de espigas de minimilho e número de espigas por planta; produtividade, número de folhas, área foliar, matéria seca, produtividade por colheita, área específica por colheita e acúmulo de N na couve-folha, e balanço de N no sistema. O monocultivo de milho proporcionou produtividade e número de espigas de minimilho comerciais maiores (respectivamente 797,2 kg ha-1 e 123.785 un ha-1), bem como maior acúmulo de N, P, Ca e Mg nas espigas despalhadas e de N, K e Ca na palha das espigas. O consórcio proporcionou maior número de espigas por planta (0,91). A maior produção de biomassa foi proporcionada pelo consórcio de crotalária e milho (7,43 Mg ha-1). O acúmulo de nitrogênio proporcionado pelo consórcio foi superior ao do monocultivo de milho e equivalente ao do monocultivo de crotalária. Na couvefolha, houve diferença apenas na emissão de folhas (1.967.083 un ha-1), com superioridade do plantio direto.
Effect of biostimulant application on production and flavonoid content of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.)
Authors: Machado Vivian Pupo de Oliveira , Pacheco Ana Claudia , Carvalho Marcia Eugenia Amaral
Published: February 2015

The production of medicinal plants as raw material for industry must associate quality with biomass formation and, with this purpose, the application of plant growth regulators has been studied in these crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a biostimulant on growth, inflorescence production and flavonoid content in marigold. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse and the treatments consisted of increasing doses of the biostimulant (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 mL L-1) applied by foliar spraying in ten consecutive applications. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, with six treatments and ten repetitions. The number of leaves and flowerheads and dry matter of roots increased linearly with increasing doses of the growth promoter, with 20%, 36.97% and 97.28% increases, respectively, compared with the control. The total dry mass and shoot dry mass showed maximum values at the highest dose tested of 15 mL L-1 (with increases of 40.09% and 46.30%, respectively). Plant height and flavonoid content reached the highest values at a dose of 6 mL L-1. The biostimulant promoted the development of marigold and positively influenced the synthesis of the secondary compound of medicinal interest. Among the tested doses, the application of rates between 6 and 9 mL L-1 of the biostimulant is recommended for more efficient large-scale production of marigold.
Rooting of hardwood cuttings of Roxo de Valinhos fig (Ficus carica L.) with different propagation strategies
Authors: Nava Gilmar Antônio , Wagner Júnior Américo , Mezalira Eder Junior , Cassol Darcieli Aparecida , Alegretti Alexandre Luis
Published: February 2015

The objective of this study was to evaluate the substrate, cuttings collection time, the position and the cutting depth, and the propagation environment on rooting of 'Purple Valinhos' fig tree cuttings in Southwestern Paraná, Brazil. Two experiments were carried out at UTFPR, Câmpus Dois Vizinhos, with hardwoods cuttings from Roxo de Valinhos fig tree. The first experiment used a randomized block design, in 3 x 3 x 2 factorial (substrate x environment x collection time), with four replications of 10 cuttings per plot. The cuttings were collected in the first fifteen days of July and August. The substrates were sand, soil and the mixture of these [1:1 (v / v)]. The environments used were open sky, tunnel with plastic cover and tunnel with half-shade black net cover. The second experiment used a randomized block design, 2 x 2 x 3 factorial (shoot cutting position x soil cover x shoot cutting depth), with four replications of 12 cuttings per plot. In the factor position, the vertically (0 º inclination) and inclined (45 º inclination) shoot cuttings were evaluated. Soil cover was tested with mulching plastic cover or not. The tested depths were 1/3, 1/2 and 2/3 in relation to the total length of the shoot cutting. In both experiments, the following were analyzed: rooting and mortality indices, number of leaves and primary shoots, length of the three largest roots per cutting. It was conclude that, the protected environment with plastic cover on sand as substrate must recommended for the rooting of fig estaca, collecting them in the first half of July. The inclination position and cutting depth of the estaca and the substrate coverage with plastic mulching did not influence the results.
Profundidade de semeadura e superação de dormência no crescimento inicial de sementes de Brachiaria dictyoneura (Fig. & De Not.) Stapf (1919) cv. Llanero
Authors: Zuffo Alan Mario , Andrade Fabrício Ribeiro , Silva Luana Maria Alves da , Menezes Karen Oliveira de , Silva Roberto Lustosa da , Piauilino Adelfran Cavalcante
Published: February 2015

O Brasil é o maior produtor, consumidor e exportador de sementes de espécies forrageiras de clima tropical. Objetivou-se, com este estudo, avaliar o desenvolvimento inicial de Brachiaria dictyoneura cv. Llanero, em função da profundidade de semeadura e dos métodos de superação de dormência. O trabalho foi realizado em casa de vegetação, em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e em esquema de parcela subdividida. Os tratamentos aplicados às parcelas foram cinco, com as profundidades de semeadura de 0,0; 2,0; 4,0; 6,0 e 8,0 cm e, nas subparcelas, os métodos de superação da dormência com e sem escarificação. Cada parcela experimental foi constituída de 25 sementes. A partir do 10º dia de semeadura iniciou-se a contagem de plantas emergidas, a fim de se determinar o índice de velocidade de emergência e, aos 35 dias posteriores à semeadura, avaliou-se a emergência das plântulas, a altura de plantas e a matéria seca da parte aérea. As sementes de B. dictioneura semeadas em torno de 4,0 cm de profundidade e submetidas à escarificação mecânica apresentaram melhor desenvolvimento em todos os parâmetros avaliados. A semeadura superficial e aquela em profundidades abaixo de 4,0 cm mostraram-se ineficientes para o desenvolvimento inicial de B. dictioneura.
Cross-cultural adaptation to Brazil of Medication Adherence Rating Scale for psychiatric patients
Authors: Moreira Icaro Carvalho , Bandeira Marina , Pollo Tatiana Cury , Oliveira Marcos Santos de
Published: February 2015

Objective The purpose of this research was to make a cross-cultural adaptation of the Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) for psychiatric patients to the Brazilian context. Methods The procedure consisted of four phases: translation of the original scale, back-translation, review by an Expert Committee and Pre-test study with a patients’ sample. Results The Expert Committee corrected the items’ translation when necessary and modified the scale administration format and its instructions from self-report to face-to-face interview form in order to ensure easy understanding by the target population. During Pre-test, the instructions and most of the items were properly understood by patients, with the exception of three of them which had to be changed in order to ensure better understanding. The Pre-test sample was composed by 30 psychiatric patients, with severe and persistent disorders mainly single (46.7%), female (60.0%), with a mean age of 43.8 years old and an average of five years of education. Conclusion The Brazilian version of MARS scale is now adapted to the Brazilian Portuguese language and culture and is easily understood by the psychiatric target population. It is necessary to do further research to evaluate the scale psychometric qualities of validity and reliability in order to use it in Brazil.
A influência do nascimento prematuro no vínculo mãe-bebê
Authors: Pontes Gabriela Arruda Reinaux , Cantillino Amaury
Published: February 2015

Objetivo Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre o parto vivenciado como traumático em decorrência da prematuridade e o vínculo mãe-bebê. Métodos Um questionário de dados biossociodemográficos (idade, escolaridade, raça, estado civil, trabalho), obstétricos e do parto, elaborado pela própria pesquisadora com variáveis categóricas, foi utilizado para a caracterização dos dados maternos. Uma entrevista clínica estruturada foi aplicada para caracterizar o parto prematuro como traumático utilizando o Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) – Critério A e a escala de Ligação mãe-bebê, validada na literatura na versão portuguesa, para avaliar o vínculo mãe-bebê prematuro. Resultados O parto prematuro foi tomado como traumático em 43 (71,7%) das puérperas analisadas. O sentimento de ligação materna “Triste” e a variável se a pesquisada trabalhava ou não foram as únicas que mostraram associação significativa com a ocorrência do parto prematuro traumático. Conclusão O parto prematuro pode ser considerado uma experiência traumática para a mãe e pode influenciar negativamente o desenvolvimento do vínculo mãe-bebê. Direções para pesquisas futuras são discutidas.
Diferenças nos aspectos cognitivos entre idosos praticantes e não praticantes de exercício físico
Authors: Dias Roges Ghidini , Streit Inês Amanda , Sandreschi Paula Fabricio , Benedetti Tânia Rosane Bertoldo , Mazo Giovana Zarpellon
Published: February 2015

Objetivo Comparar o desempenho cognitivo de idosos praticantes e não praticantes de exercícios físicos. Métodos Este estudo transversal foi realizado com 104 idosos, sendo 64 pertencentes ao Grupo Praticantes de exercícios físicos (G1) e 40 pertencentes ao Grupo não Praticantes (G2), cadastrados em Centros de Saúde. Foram aplicados o Miniexame de Estado Mental (MEEM) para avaliar o estado cognitivo e uma ficha para caracterização da amostra. Posteriormente, aplicou-se a Bateria de Avaliação Cognitiva Computadorizada (CogState) para avaliação do desempenho cognitivo dos idosos. Utilizaram-se o teste U Mann-Whitney para comparação dos grupos e o cálculo da medida de efeito d de Cohen, para verificar se a prática de exercício físico influencia no desempenho cognitivo. Para análise descritiva, utilizaram-se dados expressos em média, desvio-padrão, mediana e percentil. Admitiu-se nível de significância de 5%. Resultados A pontuação no MEEM apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa entre grupos. Quanto ao desempenho cognitivo, medido pelo CogState, os grupos diferiram significativamente para todas as variáveis analisadas, apresentando o G1 o melhor desempenho nos testes de tempo de reação simples, de escolha e de atenção assistida; já o G2 obteve melhor desempenho nos testes de memória de curto prazo e de trabalho. Conclusões Idosos praticantes de exercícios físicos demonstram possuir melhor desempenho para o tempo de reação simples, tempo de reação de escolha e atenção assistida, quando comparados aos idosos não praticantes.
Avaliação da satisfação dos pacientes e familiares em um serviço de saúde mental na cidade de Rio Branco, Acre
Authors: Miranda Priscila Oliveira de , Souza Orivaldo Florêncio de , Ferreira Terezinha de Freitas
Published: February 2015

Objetivo Avaliar a satisfação dos pacientes e familiares atendidos em um serviço ambulatorial de saúde mental da cidade de Rio Branco, Acre. Métodos Foi realizado um estudo transversal com uma amostra de 160 pacientes e 160 familiares. Para coleta de dados, foram utilizadas as versões abreviadas das Escalas de Satisfação com os Serviços de Saúde Mental – SATIS-BR para pacientes e familiares, e um questionário sociodemográfico e clínico. Foram feitos análises estatísticas descritivas, cálculos das médias e desvios-padrão dos escores de satisfação global e das subescalas, e análises bivariadas utilizando o programa SPSS, versão 17. Resultados Os resultados da média de satisfação global dos pacientes e familiares revelaram que eles estão satisfeitos com o serviço de saúde mental. As subescalas dos pacientes: competência e compreensão da equipe e acolhida da equipe e ajuda recebida foram elevadas. No entanto, a subescala condições físicas e conforto do serviço apresentou uma menor média de satisfação. Também apresentaram um elevado nível de satisfação as subescalas para os familiares: resultados do tratamento, acolhida e competência da equipe e privacidade e confidencialidade. Foi identificado que pacientes mais velhos e que não tinham tido crises estavam mais satisfeitos. Assim como os familiares mais jovens também tinham maior nível de satisfação. Conclusão Os resultados apontam para necessidades de melhorias nos aspectos relacionados a infraestrutura, conforto e aparência dos serviços, bem como a criação de estratégias que favoreçam maior participação do familiar no tratamento do paciente.
Prevalência de transtornos mentais entre crianças e adolescentes e fatores associados: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Thiengo Daianna Lima , Cavalcante Maria Tavares , Lovisi Giovanni Marcos
Published: February 2015

Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática para identificar os transtornos mais prevalentes na infância e adolescência e possíveis fatores associados. Métodos Várias bases eletrônicas de dados foram pesquisadas. Foram considerados critérios de inclusão: estudos epidemiológicos de base populacional; observacionais; com instrumentos validados; publicados em inglês, espanhol ou português; e que obtiveram pontuação acima de 12 pontos conforme critérios metodológicos do Checklist for Measuring Quality. Resultados Os transtornos mais frequentes encontrados pelos estudos, respectivamente, foram: depressão, transtornos de ansiedade, transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH), transtorno por uso de substâncias e transtorno de conduta. Fatores que mais se mostraram associados aos diferentes transtornos foram: fatores biológicos, fatores genéticos e fatores ambientais. Conclusão O conhecimento desses transtornos e seus potenciais fatores de risco trazem a possibilidade de desenvolvimento de programas de intervenção focados em prevenir ou atenuar os efeitos destes.