bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of a COX‐2 inhibitor meloxicam on squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus in vivo
Authors: Liu Jun‐Feng , Zhang Shao‐Wei , Jamieson Glyn G. , Zhu Gui‐Jun , Wu Tie‐Cheng , Zhu Tie‐Nian , Shan Bao‐En , Drew Paul A.
Published: November 2007

Our previous study showed that aspirin induced apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells in vitro by inhibiting the pathway of NF‐kappaB downstream regulation of cyclooxygenase‐2. The purpose of this study was to determine if similar changes occurred in vivo in the tumors of patients with SCC of the esophagus who were given a preferential COX‐2 inhibitor, meloxicam. Fifty‐three patients who had an esophagectomy for SCC were allocated randomly to either a Treatment group (n = 25) or a control group (n = 28). Patients in the Treatment group were given 7.5 mg/day of meloxicam, for between 10 and 14 days before surgery. Patients in the control group did not take any type of NSAID during this time interval. Samples of the tumor taken from the resected specimens were collected. Proliferation and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. The concentration of 6‐keto‐prostaglandin F1α in cancer tissue was determined by radio‐immuno‐assay. Expression of COX‐2 mRNA was measured with RT‐PCR and COX‐2 protein levels with Western blot analysis. Nuclear NF‐kappaB and cytoplasmic IkappaB protein levels were determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and Western blot, respectively. There were significantly more apoptotic cells in the tumors of patients who were using meloxicam. It also decreased the levels of COX‐2 mRNA, COX‐2 protein and nuclear NF‐kappaB protein and increased the cytoplasmic IkappaB protein in the cancer. We conclude that meloxicam induces apoptosis in SCC of the esophagus in vivo by inhibiting the pathway of NF‐kappaB downstream regulation of COX‐2. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
15‐hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase suppresses K‐RasV12‐dependent tumor formation in Nu/Nu mice
Authors: Pham Hung , Eibl Guido , Vincenti Romina , Chong Benny , Tai Hsin‐Hsiung , Slice Lee W.
Published: November 2007

Oncogenic Ras mutations are early genetic events in colorectal cancer that induce cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) biosynthesis. PGE2, a downstream product of COX‐2, promotes cancer progression by modulating proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. 15‐hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) degrades PGE2 and is down‐regulated in colorectal cancer, suggesting that PGDH plays a role in regulating PGE2 levels and that PGDH over‐expression could attenuate Ras‐mediated tumorigenesis. Lentiviral transduction was used to express GFP (18.GFP), K‐RasV12 (18.K‐RasV12), PGDH (18.PGDH) or both K‐RasV12 and PGDH (18.K‐RasV12.PGDH) in nontumorigenic rat intestinal epithelial (IEC‐18) cells. 18.K‐RasV12 cells exhibited increased phosphorylation of MAP kinases and CREB, proliferation rates, COX‐2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES)‐1 expression and PGE2 and PGI2 levels. 18.PGDH and 18.K‐RasV12.PGDH cells had 104‐fold increases in PGDH activity with decreased PGE2 and PGI2 levels, COX‐2 and mPGES‐1 expression and proliferation rates. 18.GFP, 18.PGDH, and 18.K‐RasV12.PGDH cells were unable to grow in soft agar media whereas 18.K‐RasV12 cells exhibited anchorage‐independent cell growth. Xenografts of implanted 18.K‐RasV12 cells in nu/nu mice produced rapid (2 wk) tumors with uniform antibody staining for COX‐2 and mPGES‐1 throughout the tumor and elevated PGE2 levels. Xenografts of 18.K‐RasV12.PGDH cells exhibited delayed (8 wk) tumor formation with negligible COX‐2 and mPGES‐1 expression and significantly decreased PGE2 levels. 18.K‐RasV12.PGDH tumors had decreased staining of the proliferative marker, Ki‐67, and a significant increase in apoptosis in the central region of the tumor. Based on these data, we conclude that PGDH expression suppresses K‐RasV12‐mediated tumorigenesis in intestinal epithelial cells. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Potentially inappropriate prescribing to hospitalised patients
Authors: Radošević Nives , Gantumur Monja , Vlahović‐Palčevski Vera
Published: November 2007

Purpose

The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of potential drug–drug interactions (DDIs) in hospitalised patients in correlation with patient's age and number of drugs prescribed and to determine the prevalence of inappropriate drugs prescribed to elderly patients.

Methods

Drugs prescribed during 1 day to all hospitalised patients at seven wards of Department of Medicine in University Hospital Rijeka were recorded by reviewing patient medical charts. Potential DDIs were evaluated using a list of potentially harmful drug combinations compiled from the literature. Beers criteria were used to identify potentially inappropriate medications in patients aged 65 years or older.

Results

The study included 225 patients that received a total of 1301 drugs. Twenty‐two percent of the patients receiving drug therapy were prescribed drug combinations that are potentially harmful. The most common potentially harmful drug combination was an ACE inhibitor with a potassium supplement (33.9% of all combinations). In the multivariate analysis, age and number of drugs are significantly associated with potential DDIs (r = 0.8629). One quarter of elderly patients received a drug potentially inappropriate considering their age. The most commonly prescribed potentially inappropriate drug was amiodarone, followed by diazepam.

Conclusion

Polypharmacy and older age have been proven to be important risk factors for potential drug interactions. We identified a high rate of prescribing potentially inappropriate medications among elders. Results of this study indicate that particular caution should be given when prescribing drugs to patients already receiving drugs and to elderly patients, considering the risk of drug‐related problems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alkane oxidation by the system ‘tert‐butyl hydroperoxide–[Mn2L2O3][PF6]2 (L = 1,4,7‐trimethyl‐1,4,7‐triazacyclononane)–carboxylic acid’
Authors: Kozlov Yuriy N. , Nizova Galina V. , Shul'pin Georgiy B.
Published: November 2007

The kinetics of cyclohexane (CyH) oxygenation with tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) in acetonitrile at 50 °C catalysed by a dinuclear manganese(IV) complex 1 containing 1,4,7‐trimethyl‐1,4,7‐triazacyclononane and co‐catalysed by oxalic acid have been studied. It has been shown that an active form of the catalyst (mixed‐valent dimeric species ‘MnIIIMnIV’) is generated only in the interaction between complex 1 and TBHP and oxalic acid in the presence of water. The formation of this active form is assumed to be due to the hydrolysis of the MnOMn bonds in starting compound 1 and reduction of one MnIV to MnIII. A species which induces the CyH oxidation is radical tert‐BuO. generated by the decomposition of a monoperoxo derivative of the active form. The constants of the equilibrium formation and the decomposition of the intermediate adduct between TBHP and 1 have been measured: K = 7.4 mol−1 dm3 and k = 8.4 × 10−2 s−1, respectively, at [H2O] = 1.5 mol dm−3 and [oxalic acid] = 10−2 mol dm−3. The constant ratio for reactions of the monomolecular decomposition of tert‐butoxy radical (tert‐BuO. → CH3COCH3 + CH) and its interaction with the CyH (tert‐BuO. + CyH → tert‐BuOH + Cy.) was calculated: 0.26 mol dm−3. One of the reasons why oxalic acid accelerates the oxidation is due to the formation of an adduct between oxalic acid and 1 (K ≈ 103 mol−1 dm3). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Characterization of 3,4,5‐Triamino‐1,2,4‐triazolium and 1‐Methyl‐3,4,5‐triamino‐1,2,4‐triazolium Iodides
Authors: Darwich Chaza , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Klapötke Thomas M. , Miró Sabaté Carles
Published: November 2007

3,4,5‐Triamino‐1,2,4‐triazolium iodide (1) was obtained in good yield and purity and characterized using vibrational (IR, Raman) and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C, 15N), EA, MS, DSC, and X‐ray crystallography. The compound was synthesized by two different methods rendering two different polymorphs (α and β) as proved by X‐ray measurements, vibrational spectroscopy and DSC. 1‐Methyl‐3,4,5‐triamino‐1,2,4‐triazolium iodide (2) was synthesized by reaction of guanazine with methyliodide and fully characterized by the same techniques mentioned above. Both compounds showed to be suitable starting materials for the synthesis of guanazinium salts of energetic interest.
Zur Löslichkeit von Cobalt(IV) in Li8SiO6
Authors: Mühle Claus , Jansen Martin
Published: November 2007

On the Solubility of Cobalt(IV) in Li8SiO6

Li8SiO6 dissolves up to 2 at.‐%, cobalt(IV). Crystals of such solid solutions are transparent and of deep ruby red colour. Cobalt concentrations as determined by ICP‐OES, EDX and magnetic susceptibility measurements are in good accordance. The X‐ray powder diffraction and the magnetic properties confirm integration of Co4+ into the lithiumoxosilicate. These new results are indicating that the ruby red phase, previously addressed as “Li8CoO6”, is in fact cobalt doped Li8SiO6.
Komplexe der Alkalimetalltetraphenylborate mit makrocyclischen Kronenethern
Authors: Wilde Björn , Jaenschke Anja , Olbrich Falk
Published: November 2007

Complexes of the Alkali Metal Tetraphenylborates with Macrocyclic Crown Ethers

Alkali metal tetraphenylborates, MB(C6H5)4 (M = Li to Cs), react in tetrahydrofuran with macrocyclic crown ethers to give complexes of the general formula MB(C6H5)4(crown)m(THF)n. Suitable single crystals for X‐ray structure analysis were grown from a solvent mixture of tetrahydrofuran and n‐hexane. The salt like complexes [Li(12‐crown‐4)(thf)][B(C6H5)4] (1), [Na(15‐crown‐5)(thf)][B(C6H5)4] (2), and [Cs(18‐crown‐6)2][B(C6H5)4] · THF (6), the mononuclear molecular complexes [KB(C6H5)4(18‐crown‐6)(thf)] (3), [RbB(C6H5)4(18‐crown‐6)] (4), and [CsB(C6H5)4(18‐crown‐6)] · THF (5), and the compound [CsB(C6H5)4(18‐crown‐6)]2[Cs(18‐crown‐6)2][B(C6H5)4] (7), which contains a binuclear molecule ([CsB(C6H5)4(18‐crown‐6)]2) beside a [Cs(18‐crown‐6)2]+ cation and a [B(C6H5)4]− anion, are described. All compounds are charactarized by infrared spectra, elemental analysis, NMR‐spectroscopy, and X‐ray single crystal structure analysis.
Synthese, Struktur und Reaktivität von η3‐1,2‐Diphosphaallylkomplexen sowie von [{(η5‐C5H5)(CO)2W–Co(CO)3}{μ‐AsCH(SiMe3)2}(μ‐CO)]
Authors: Weber L. , Noveski G. , Stammler H.‐G. , Neumann B.
Published: November 2007

Syntheses, Structure and Reactivity of η3‐1,2‐Diphosphaallyl Complexes and [{(η5‐C5H5)(CO)2W–Co(CO)3}{μ‐AsCH(SiMe3)2}(μ‐CO)]

Reaction of ClP=C(SiMe2iPr)2 (3) with Na[Mo(CO)3(η5‐C5H5)] afforded the phosphavinylidene complex [(η5‐C5H5)(CO)2Mo=P=C(SiMe2iPr)2] (4) which in situ was converted into the η1‐1,2‐diphosphaallyl complex [η5‐(C5H5)(CO)2Mo{η3‐tBuPPC(SiMe2iPr)2] (6) by treatment with the phosphaalkene tBuP=C(NMe2)2. The chloroarsanyl complexes [(η5‐C5H5)(CO)3M–As(Cl)CH(SiMe3)2] [where M = Mo (9); M = W (10)] resulted from the reaction of Na[M(CO)3(η5‐C5H5)] (M = Mo, W) with Cl2AsCH(SiMe3)2. The tungsten derivative 10 and Na[Co(CO)4] underwent reaction to give the dinuclear μ‐arsinidene complex [(η5‐C5H5)(CO)2W–Co(CO)3{μ‐AsCH(SiMe3)2}(μ‐CO)] (11). Treatment of [(η5‐C5H5)(CO)2Mo{η3‐tBuPPC(SiMe3)2}] (1) with an equimolar amount of ethereal HBF4 gave rise to a 85/15 mixture of the saline complexes [(η5‐C5H5)(CO)2Mo{η2‐tBu(H)P–P(F)CH(SiMe3)2}]BF4 (18) and [Cp(CO)2Mo{F2PCH(SiMe3)2}(tBuPH2)]BF4 (19) by HF‐addition to the PC bond of the η3‐diphosphaallyl ligand and subsequent protonation (18) and/or scission of the PP bond by the acid (19). Consistently 19 was the sole product when 1 was allowed to react with an excess of ethereal HBF4. The products 6, 9, 10, 11, 18 and 19 were characterized by means of spectroscopy (IR, 1H‐, 13C{1H}‐, 31P{1H}‐NMR, MS). Moreover, the molecular structures of 6, 11 and 18 were determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Diverse Coordinative Functions of 4,4′‐Bipyridine Generating Abundant Weak Interactions and Novel Fluorescent Property in Cadmium(II)‐4‐sulfobenzoate Polymer
Authors: Zhang Li‐Ping , Zhu Long‐Guan
Published: November 2007

The cadmium(II) 4‐sulfobenzoate complex with 4,4′‐bipyridine, {[Cd2(4,4′‐bipy)4(4‐sb)2(H2O)3] · 4H2O}n, has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, DTA‐TG, fluorescence analysis, powder X‐ray analysis, and single‐crystal X‐ray structural determination. Structural analysis showed that the complex contains two Cd atoms in an unsymmetrical unit. The Cd1 atom displays a seven‐coordinated geometry, which is a capped anti‐trigonal prismatic structure, whereas the Cd2 atom has an octahedral coordination. The 4,4′‐bipyridine ligands in the complex have three coordination behaviors, i.e., monodentate, dimeric linker, and polymeric bridge, which is the first example showing three coordinative functions for 4,4′‐bipyridine ligands in one complex. Moreover, three coordinative functions of 4,4′‐bipyridine ligands in this polymer lead to abundant weak interactions and novel fluorescent properties, which is benefit for design and preparation of functional materials in specific usage.
Assessing apathy: The use of the Apathy Evaluation Scale in first episode psychosis
Authors: Faerden Ann , Nesvåg Ragnar , Barrett Elizabeth Ann , Agartz Ingrid , Finset Arnstein , Friis Svein , Rossberg Jan Ivar , Melle Ingrid
Published: November 2007

Background

Recently there has been a renewed interest in defining the boundaries and subdomains of the negative syndrome in schizophrenia and new scales have been asked for. Apathy is one of the symptoms in focus. The Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES) with its clinical version (AES-C) is one of the most used scales in an interdisciplinary context, but it has never previously been used in a population with first episode psychosis. The main aims of this study were to examine the psychometric properties of the AES-C and its relationship to the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).

Methods

A total of 104 patients with first episode psychosis from the ongoing Thematic Organized Psychosis Research (TOP) study were included.

Results

A factor analysis of the AES-C identified three subscales: Apathy, Insight and Social Contacts. Only the Apathy subscale showed satisfactory psychometric properties and showed acceptable convergent and discriminate properties by correlating strongly with the apathy-related items of the PANSS.

Conclusions

This study shows that the AES-C measures more than one dimension. The main factor, the Apathy subscale, can however be used to assess apathy in first episode psychosis patients in the ongoing work of refining the subdomains of the negative syndrome.
CONTINUITY, REVOLUTION OR EVOLUTION ON THE SLAVE COAST OF WEST AFRICA? ROYAL ARCHITECTURE AND POLITICAL ORDER IN PRECOLONIAL DAHOMEY
Authors: MONROE J. CAMERON
Published: November 2007

The Kingdom of Dahomey has played a central role in our understanding of political organization in West Africa in the era of the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Research has focused on two major questions: whether or not Dahomey possessed revolutionary qualities that allowed it to maintain order in this turbulent era, and the role of militarism in fostering stability. Mounting archaeological evidence from the Republic of Bénin can contribute to our understanding of Dahomean political dynamics over time. Spatial patterns in royal palace construction, materialized regionally and architecturally, are examined in this essay. These data suggest that Dahomey achieved real administrative advances in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, including the expansion of regional control and the successful integration of a complex administrative hierarchy.1
TOM AND TOAKAFO: THE BETSIMISARAKA KINGDOM AND STATE FORMATION IN MADAGASCAR, 1715–1750
Authors: ELLIS STEPHEN
Published: November 2007

The monarchies and other polities of precolonial Madagascar exerted a strong influence on each other. For this reason, in recent years it has become more interesting to trace their inter-relationship than to emphasize their autonomy. The Betsimisaraka kingdom, which flourished on Madagascar's east coast in the early eighteenth century, has generally been regarded as a polity standing rather outside the mainstream of state formation in Madagascar, not least because of the identity of its founder, the son of an English pirate. Research in European and South African archives demonstrates the close connection between the Betsimisaraka kingdom and the Sakalava kingdom of Boina.
Behc¸et's disease of the oesophagus
Authors: Levack B. , Hanson D.
Published: November 2007

A FORTY-TWO-YEAR-OLD man known to have Behçet's disease (two major and two minor symptoms) (Mason and Baines, 1969) presented with dysphagia, hoarseness and regurgitation of food. This was subsequently found to be due to a tracheo-oesophageal fistula consequent upon an area of Behçet's ulceration in the oesophagus. The fistula was excised, the defects in the trachea and oesophagus repaired, and the patient's recovery was uneventful.
Submucous resection
Authors: McNicoll W. D. , Scanlan S. G.
Published: November 2007

The combination of nasal septal deviation and Eustachian tube dysfunction, in the absence of any other pathology, constitutes the Nose–Ear Distress Syndrome.

We have undertaken a clinical assessment of the relationship between uncomplicated deviation of the nasal septum and Eustachian tube dysfunction in Naval Personnel who are serving in environments of primarily increased barometric pressure.

120 candidates to the Submarine, Diving and Aircrew branches of the Royal Navy who presented with the Nose–Ear distress syndrome were initially surveyed. None were able to equilibrate their middle ear pressures at an increased ambient pressure of 3 metres of water. Submucous resection was performed on 116, of whom 110 (94·83 per cent) were able to equilibrate their middle ear pressures at an increased ambient pressure of 9 metres of water post-operatively.

Xenon 133 Scintigraphy was performed on a further 25 recruits to delineate the post-nasal airflow. This investigation was performed pre- and post-operatively. Pre-operatively, Scintigraphy showed the presence of turbulence in the post-nasal space, while post-operatively the turbulence was absent. All the candidates were unable to equilibrate their middle ear pressures pre-operatively, but after submucous resection 24 (96 per cent) were able to equilibrate their middle ear pressures at an increased barometric pressure of 9 metres of water.
Hyoid bone fracture with pharyngeal lacerations
Authors: Eliachar Isaac , Goldsher Moshe , Golz Avishai , Z.Joachims Henry
Published: November 2007

Four cases of hyoid bone fracture with laceration of the pharynx are presented. The emergency treatment must aim at an exploration of the neck in an attempt to suture the lacerations of the pharyngeal musosa.The fractured hyoid bone may be left untouched in most cases.

The most common causes of fractures of the hyoid bone were previously considered to be violent strangulation and hanging.In the last two decades however, road accidents seem to have become the most important cause in patients who survive the initial impact of collision.

The biodynamics of injury to the pharynx and larynx in road accidents hava been adequately described by Nahum and siegel(1967). They concluded that the driver was the most commonly collides.

It is very easy to miss a fractured hyoid bone duing the urgent admission of a patient injured in a accident, since the more dramatic injures in a traffic in a traffic accident, since the more dramatic injuries are treated first and and a tracheostomy is often often perfomed to provide an airway.
The changing pattern of laryngeal tuberculosis
Authors: Hunter A. M. , Millar J. W. , Wightman A. J. A. , Horne N. W
Published: November 2007

Laryngeal tuberculosis is now an uncommon disease in the United Kingdom. A series of ten cases is reported. In contrast to the pre-chemotherapy era, when the disease was associated with advanced cavitated pulmonary tuberculosis and was highly infectious, it now presents in a manner similar to laryngeal carcinoma except that painful dysphagia is a prominent symptom. All such patients should have a chest X-ray carried out as part of their initial investigation. Sputum is almost always positive for tubercle bacilli on direct films. Direct laryngoscopy and biopsy are necessary if a carcinoma is suspected.

The change of pattern of the disease may be due to the fact that the larynx now usually becomes involved by haematogenous spread rather than by direct spread along the airways. Laryngeal tuberculosis is now no more infectious than pulmonary tuberculosis, and responds well to antituberculous chemotherapy. Symptoms resolve completely within three weeks if corticosteroids are given in combination.
Transcranial attenuation in bone conduction audiometry
Authors: Nolan Michael , Lyon David J.
Published: November 2007

Transcranial attenuation for bone conduction as a function of frequency (0.25 to 4 kHz.) was measured on a group of unilaterally deaf (n 15) and a group of normal (n = 35) ears. The results indicate a positive mean attenuation for all frequencies with a peak value of 13 db. for both groups at 2 kHz. Inter-subject variability was extremely large. This is considered to be a result of variability in skull bone thickness.
The diagnosis and surgical management of olfactory neuroblastoma: The role of craniofacial resection
Authors: Chapman P. , Carter R. L. , Clifford P.
Published: November 2007

The diagnosis and clinical management of olfactory neuroblastoma are discussed. Computerized tomography is a valuable means of assessing the pre-operative extent of disease and the efficacy of subsequent major surgery. The tissue diagnosis is facilitated by electron microscopy, demonstrating the presence of dence core vesicles and cytoplasmic filaments. Radiotherapy followed by craniofacial resection is the treatment of choice for olfactory neuroblastomas that are locally extensive at presentation.
Studies on the production of middle-ear effusion in the experimental animal
Authors: Khan Jamsheed A. , Campbell John C.
Published: November 2007

Middle-ear effusions have been produced following eustachian tube obstruction in guinea pigs. This was achieved by plugging the pharyngeal orifice of the tube by an atraumatic lateral transpalatal incision. General anaesthesia was used throughout the entire procedure. The presence of fluid in the middle-ear cavity was determined by observing:

(a) The appearance of pallor of the drum.

(b) Retraction of the tympanic membrance.

(c) Cloudiness of the tympanic bullae on radiographs obtained at weekly intervals, confirmed by:

(d) Subsequent myringotomy.

Serial smears of the induced effusions showed an absence of chronic inflammatory cells except in the case of one animal which developed bacterial otitis media. The presence of secretory cells was demonstrated in the actual epithelial layer and lamina propria but no discrete glands were found. Squamous metaplasia of the lining of the middle-ear cleft was noted. The fluid from the tympanic cavity appeared watery, faintly turbid and non-mucoid, and resembled the serious type of effusion found in man.
Uvulectomy in Nigeria
Authors: Ijaduola G. T. A.
Published: November 2007

The removal of the uvula for minor pharyngeal lesions is unusual in Western otorhinolaryngological practice. However, uvulectomy is a common procedure for ‘throat problems’ in Nirgeria and some other African countries by traditional surgeons. This is because it is believed that the elongated uvula is the root cause of all throat problems. These traditional surgeons are usually barbers by profession and only practice surgery on a part-time basis. Most of their patients do well but some have to be rushed to the hospital with severe post-operative bleeding. Attention of Europeans and other foreign otolaryngologists who may find themselves practising in any part of Arica is hereby drawn to the procedure.
Candida tropicalis meningitis: a case report
Authors: Chattopadhyay B.
Published: November 2007

A 54-year-old man presented with candida tropicalis meningitis after exploration of the mastoid. He responded well to the combined intravenous administration of amphotericin B and 5 fluorocytosine. But 5 fluorocytosine had to be withdrawn when the candida proved to be resistant to this antifungal agent. However, the patient made an uneventful recovery. This seems to be the first report of a candida tropicalis meningitis in an otherwise healthy adult patient in this country.

Infection of the meninges with candida remains rare (Black, 1970). Most of them are caused by candida albicans in patients with some other underlying conditions or those on prolonged antibiotic, corticosteroid, cytotoxic, immunosuppresive therapies. The purpose of this brief communication is to draw attention to its occurrence in a healthy patient following exploration of the mastoid for chronic suppurative middle-ear disease.
Tympanic membrane grafting with fascia, pericardium and vein
Authors: Hordijk Gerrit J. , Rietema Sietze J.
Published: November 2007

summary

Fascia and preserved homologous vein and pericardium have been used in consecutive order in 250 ear operations. Though successful closure of the defect, in cases with chronic ear infection, tended to be better with pericardium, auditory gain with pericardium seemed to be less than with fascia and vein. The differences, however, were not statistically significant. For the reason that it is easier to obtain, vein is the graft of choice in our institution when homologous graft is needed.
The treatment of head and neck carcinoma with Adriamycin and Belomycin using adjuvant hyperthermia
Authors: Fairman H. D.
Published: November 2007

Twenty-two cases of carcinoma of the head and neck (predominantly squamous), in a veriety of sites, were treated with an oncolytic regime of Adriamycin and Bleomycin. Adjuvant hyperthermia was given to all cases; differing techniques of drug administration were used, depending on whether a case had received previous irradiation. Twenty-one cases showed response to treatment. Post-irradiation cases fared less well than those in which radiotherapy was synchronised with treatment.
The management of patients undergoing synchronous combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy
Authors: Laskiewicz B. M.
Published: November 2007

This paper describes the management of patients undergoing synchronous combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy at King's College Hospital. It is based on the experience of treating 96 patients with carcinoma of the head and neck between 1974–1978.

A detailed account is given of the method of conducting the treatment. The routine assessment, investigations and follow-up are described, together with the complications due to individual drugs and general effects of combined therapy and their management. Great stress is laid on the need for active, intensive nursing care of these patients.
Results of surgery for nasal dermoids in children
Authors: Bradley P. J.
Published: November 2007

Thirty-Two patients who had surgical excision of a nasal dermoid in child-hood are reported. The patients are discussed according to the histological diagnosis and the extent of tissue involvement at the time of surgery. The results of surgery are acceptable in the majority of patients. However, a patient with a ‘complex’ ‘true’ nasal dermoid lesion is more likely to be dis-satisfied with the result of surgical excision. Parents should therefore be forewarned of the possible outcome of surgery for nasal for dermoid lesions in children.
Pathology as it relates to ear surgery
Authors: Belal A. , Sanna M.
Published: November 2007

Surgery is the treatment of choice in the management of glomus tumours. There are several different approaches to the surgical excision of these tumours, the choice depending on the size, site of origin and pattern of spread of the tumour. The patterns of glomus tumour invasion in the temporal bone are demonstrated by reviewing the histological findings in four temporal bones with glomus tumours. The surgical techniques used in the management of 14 glomus tumours are also discussed.
Synovial sarcoma of the pharynx and oesophagus
Authors: Palmer B. V. , Levene A. , Shaw H. J.
Published: November 2007

Two patients with synovial sarcomas of the pharynx and oesophagus respectively are reported and their clinical features are described. These tumours in the head and neck rarely metastasize to lymph nodes and their management is discussed.
Lactate dehydrogenase in human maxillary adenocarcinoma and in experimental adenocarcinoma in mice
Authors: Gołabek Wiesław , Franks Leonard M.
Published: November 2007

Total lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and isoenzyme pattern were studied in tumore tissue from eight patients with maxillary adenocarcinoma, chronic inflammatory mucosa from 12 patients, normal maxillary mucosa from 12 patients, and an experimental lung adenocarcinoma and normal lung tissue from 12 mice.

An increase in the total LDH activity and cathodic shift in LDH isoenzyme pattern was found in human maxillary adenocarcinoma as compared to normal and inflammatory mucosa. The inflammatory mucosa showed an increase in the total LDH activity and a normal isoenzyme pattern. The LDH alterations in the total LDH activity and a normal isoenzyme pattern. The LDH alterations in the experimental lung adenocarcinoma in mice were similar to those in the human tumours but they were much more marked.
Pseudotumoral mycobacterial infection in the head and neck: A clinical study
Authors: Lesser T. H. J. , Jefferis A. F. , Shaw H. J.
Published: November 2007

The clinical aspects of mycobacterial infection of the head and neck are considered as presenting in patients at a cancer hospital over the last 15 years. Some difficulties in diagonsis with respect to the evalution of tuberculosis in this region are discussed.

A total of 32 patients with evidence of infection were identified. Twenty-six of these with cervical lymphadenopathy are considered as a group; their clinical features and diagonsis are summarized and a note made of the recent change in the macroscopic quality of the notes removed.

Six cases are given particular attention; two with laryngeal, two with nasal or adenodial infection and two with atypical mycobacterial infection diagnosed on clinical grounds.
Tracheopathia osteoplastica in the larynx
Authors: Paaske Peter B. , Tang Ebba
Published: November 2007

Reports of tracheopathia osteoplastica localized to the larynx are few. Such a rare case is reported in a 66-year-old mald with life-long symptoms resulting in tracheotomy and resection of some of the osteoplastic tissue. A review of the disease and a discussion about actiology are described.
The investigation and management of petrous apex ersion
Authors: Flood L. M. , Kemink J. L. , Graham M. D.
Published: November 2007

Disease of the apex of the petrous temporal bone, while rarely encountered, can present a unique challenge to the otologist. Lesions tend to be advanced at presentation, as massive bony erosion can remain asymptomatic. When symptoms occur, they reflect involvement of the neurovascular contents of the temporal bone. The earliest clinical features, such as headache, facial numbness and middle-ear effusion, do not immediately suggest the site or gravity of the underlying pathology. Anterior extension of disease may produce ophthalmoplegia and diplopia whilst posterior spread involves the lower cranial nerves, within the internal auditory canal, jugular foramen and hypoglossal canal.
Unusual sites of schwannoma in the head and neck
Authors: Samet A. , Podoshin L. , Fradis M. , Simon J. , Lazarov N. , Boss H.
Published: November 2007

Two cases of schwannoma originating in unusual sites in the head and neck are reported. To the best of our knowledge ours is the first case of schwannoma in the nasopharyngeal area to be described. Schwannomas in the parotid area must be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of parotid tumours. The pertinent literature is reviewed.
The importance of nasal fractures during different growth periods of the nose
Authors: Grymer Luisa F. , Gutierrez Carolina , Stoksted Poul
Published: November 2007

Fifty-seven patients who had sustained nasal fractures during childhood were divided into three groups, according to the age at which the fracture had taken place. These three groups were based on the normal periods of development of the nose. They were compared with regard to possible sequelae after fracture. The results are discussed and an example from each group is shown.
The conical cartilage of the cat's middle ear
Authors: Khalil Mahmoud A. , Spector Myron
Published: November 2007

The object of this study was to investigate the anatomy, histology, and possible function of a conical structure found in the middle ear of the cat. This conical structure lies across the dorso-caudal compartment of the middle ear. It is directly related to the course of the chorda tympani nerve in the middle ear. Its base is attached by fibrous tissue to the dorso-caudal segment of the tympanic bone adjacent to the tympanic membrane. Its apex rests on the promontory just rostral to the round window niche. Histologically, it is cartilaginous tissue enveloped by a mudous membrane with no trace of bone. Portions of some conical cartilage specimens display extensive calcification. A previous hypothesis suggests that this structure conducts high frequency sounds directly from the tympanic membrane to the round window membrane. This seems unlikely because its length is shorter than the distance between the tympanic membrane and round window membrane. The conical cartilage may be a vestigial remnant of the second arch bar (Reichert's cartilage).
Branched and ploycystic thyroglossal duct anomaly
Authors: Tovi F. , Eyal A.
Published: November 2007

An unusual thyroglossal duct anomaly characterized by a branched tract terminating in two separate cysts is described. The patient presented with a long-standing fistula following previous incomplete excision.

Thyroglossal cysts are common congenital anomalies (Moussatos and Baffes, 1963; Allard, 1982), which do not usually present any diagnostic difficulty. However, they may sometimes present with unusual clinico-pathological features. In this report we describe a branching and polycystic thyroglossal duct abnormality occurring in a young woman with a history of previous surgery for a midline cervical mass.
The middle ear transformer mechanism: man versus mouse
Authors: McDonogh M.
Published: November 2007

The anatomy and physiology of the middle ear transformer mechanism in man and a species of rodent, desmodillus auricularis, are compared. This rodent's middle ear mechanism has a transformer ratio of 147: 1 as compared to 18, 3:1 in man—some 8 times greater. The reasons for this difference are given and possible applications to middle ear surgery are suggested.
Photography and the flexible fibreoptic rhinolaryngoscope
Authors: Lancer J. M.
Published: November 2007

Documentation of normal and pathological anatomy is important to all medical practitioners. The ability to visualize and photograph the upper respiratory tract has been revolutionized by the advent of the flexible fibreoptic rhinolaryngoscope (FFRL), which demonstrates a one-instrument capability for the examination and photodocumentation of the ears, nasal cavity, nasopharynx, larynx, hypopharynx and trachea (Selkin, 1984). If a large natural maxillary ostium, or surgical window, is present, the antrum may also be examined.
The role of the upper oesophageal sphincter in voice rehabilitation after laryngectomy and Staffieri's procedure
Authors: Vuyk H. D. , Klinkenberg-Knol E. , Tiwari R. M.
Published: November 2007

The Staffieri method was used for voice rehabilitation after total laryngectomy in our patients. Leakage of saliva has been a problem in some. It has been suggested that aspiration could be due to specific pressure relations in the pharynx, upper oesophageal sphincter and cervical oesophagus during deglutition (Mannet al., 1980). Regarding voice production, the upper oesophageal sphincter is probably the main sound source, functioning in essentially the same way as in oesophageal speech.

Intraluminal pressure recordings at rest and during swallowing were used in 16 Staffieri speakers and 9 oesophageal speakers. Upper oesophageal sphincter dysfunction was seen more often in Staffieri speakers with aspiration problems than in Staffieri speakers without aspiration problems, but the relation is not clearly understood. A definite relation could be established between upper oesophageal sphincter function in terms of relaxation and coordination and aerodynamic pressure measured in the tracheostoma, necessary to sustain phonation. After dilatation of the oesophagus, produced by the inflow of air, a reflex rise in the upper oesophageal sphincter pressure is thought to occur. The pressure necessary to sustain phonation probably depends on the extent to which this reflex mechanism occurs and on the ability of the patient to induce a relaxation of the upper oesophageal sphincter before air expulsion.

Selective myotomy will possibly lower the necessary pressure and enhance vocal rehabilitation. Whether this will solve a part of the aspiration problems in Staffieri speakers is completely unpredictable, as the relation of the motor function of the upper oesophageal sphincter and the aspiration problems is not well understood.
Experiences with the butterfly chart
Authors: Kirtane M. V. , Merchant S. N. , Medikeri S. B.
Published: November 2007

The bithermal caloric test remains, four decades after its first description, the single most valuable test of vestibular function. However, there are several variations described in the exact procedure of caloric stimulation and in the method of evaluating and representing the test results. For the past 10 years, we have followed a procedure using a constant standardized stimulus and a particular system for caloric nystagmus representation, viz., the Butterfly Chart, and have found it to be very satisfactory. This paper describes our experience with the use of the Butterfly Chart and its clinical application in over 4,500 cases.
Extraosseous osteogenic sarcoma of the parotid gland
Authors: Manning John T. , Raymond A. Kevin , Batsakis John G.
Published: November 2007

The first reported case of an extraosseous osteogenic carcinoma of the parotid gland is presented. The head and neck region is an unusual site for these unusual neoplasms, with approximately 5 per cent of all extraosseous osteogenic sarcomas originating in the soft tissues of the face and neck

The neoplasms may arise after a latent period following radiation therapy. The majority, however, arise de novo. As a group, extraosseous osteogenic sarcomas are very aggressive and lethal neoplasms with an average 5-year survival of 15.6 per cent (Rao et al., 1978)
Acinic cell carcinoma of the nasal cavity: Electron-optic and immunohistochemical observations
Authors: Ordonez Nelson G. , Batsakis John G.
Published: November 2007

The fourth example of an acinic cell carcinoma arising in the sinonasal tract is presented. Because of its unusual and atypical histologic appearance, correct diagnosis required electron microscopic analysis and the demonstration of intracellular amylase by immunohistochemical stains.
Inversion of the stapedial reflex in ossicular chain lesions
Authors: Gimsing Steen
Published: November 2007

In ears with minor conductive hearing loss of traumatic origin, it is sometimes possible to invert the deflection of the stapedial reflex by application of a small underpressure in the external auditory meatus of the injured ear (probe ear). This inversion can be explained by an ossicular discontinuity bridge by soft tissue.
Repair of pharyngo-cutaneous fistula using a bipedicled tubed flap
Authors: Shanmugham M. S.
Published: November 2007

The successful closure of a large pharyngo-cutaneous fistula by a bipedicled tubed flap is described. This procedure is technically simple and reliable. An advantage of this method is that both lining and covering are obtained in the same flap.
Long-term tympanic ventilation by Per-Lee tube
Authors: Gibb Alan G.
Published: November 2007

The fate of 32 Per-Lee ventilation tubes inserted by a single surgeon for secretory otitis media in children and adults is analysed over a 15-year period. There were no extrusions and 25 tubes were still functional at the time of the survey. The total ventilation time achieved by the 32 tubes was over 157 years. Seven tubes were removed on account of either obstruction or infection. Spontaneous healing of the tympanic membrane was uncertain following removal of the tube and a considerable degree of scarring was inevitable. Hearing improvement occurred while the tube was functioning and there were no cases of hearing deterioration. It is concluded that the Per-Lee tube is a suitable prosthesis for long-term middle-ear ventilation.
Hepatosplenomegaly in infectious mononucleosis, assessed by ultrasonic scanning
Authors: Dommerby H. , Stangerup S.-E. , Stangerup M. , Hancke S.
Published: November 2007

The present study aims at an assessment of hepato-splenomegaly in infectious mononucleosis (IM). In 29 patients admitted to the ENT department with IM, based on the typical clinical and laboratory findings, including a positive mononucleosis test in most cases, the size of the liver and spleen was estimated by ultrasonic scanning on days 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, 90 and 120 after admission. A control group of eight patients with peritonsillar abscess was included for comparison. The results showed that all patients had an enlarged spleen (mean enlargement: 50–60 per cent) but only a few were palpable. Half of the patients had enlargement of the liver (5–20 per cent), which was palpable in only 8 per cent. There was no correlation between the size of the spleen and that of the liver, not between the changes in the size of these organs. There was no enlargement of the liver or spleen in the control group. No correlation was found between the size, or changes in the size, of the organs and blood values such as lactatdehydrogenase and aspartatamino-transferase. There is, however, a striking parallelism between the curves for these parameters, which might indicate that the organs as well as the blood tests return to normal within 28 days. If this holds true, our warning to abstain from physical exercise and alcoholic intake may be limited to a period of about 1 month.
Involution of residual juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
Authors: Stansbie J. M. , Phelps P. D.
Published: November 2007

The apparent tendency of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma to involute with age has been known for many years but firm evidence of this has been lacking. This case report uses computerized tomography to provide the first documented evidence of this involution.
Linear measurements in middle ear surgery
Authors: Gibb Alan G. , Croll Thomas L.
Published: November 2007

Present methods of linear measurement in micro-surgical procedures in the middle ear are crude when judged in relation to the delicate structure and functioning of the normal ear.

Alternative methods of measurement employing the operating microscope are described. These depend on recording the travel of the microscope between two selected focal points and can be employed in both vertical and horizontal planes. Oblique distances can readily be calculated from the information provided. Minor alterations to existing microscopes would be required to ensure precise recording bv electronic or linear methods.
A new suspension device for laryngeal endoscopy in developing countries
Authors: Ijaduola Taiwo G. A.
Published: November 2007

In view of the various technical and electricity maintainance problems with endoscopes in any developing country, a new suspension device for laryngeal endoscopy with a straight-bladed anaesthetic laryngoscope has been described. The advantages of this system are its small size, cheap cost, lack of a chest piece and the use of a non-failing battery source. It also makes use of bipod stands already available in a tonsillectomy set. It can be used in the countryside, and in out-patient and mobile clinics.
Intracranial glossopharyngeal schwannoma, a tumour imitating an acoustic schwannoma.
Authors: Andersen T. , Ulsoe C. , Overgaard J. , Ringsted J.
Published: November 2007

Neurinomas originating from the ninth cranial nerve are rarely boserved. The early signs and symptoms of a glossopharyngeal neurinoma are rather discrete, and it can happen that a tunour here will often first be recognisd with the signs and symptoms of an expanding posterior fossa lesion—thus often closely resembling an aconstics neurinoma.
Acute bilateral total deafness complicating mumps
Authors: Bitnun S. , Rakover Y. , Rosen G.
Published: November 2007

While it is well known that mumps is a potential cause of deafness, it is not generally appreciated that it can produce total deafness. The damage is usually unilateral but bilateral disease has been recorded. A case is presented of severe bilateral hearing loss during a mumps epidemic in which, in spite of intensive conventional as well as lesser known therapy, no improvement occurred. In the absence of a successful therapeutic regime it is clearly advisable to intensify immunization in non-developed countries.
Current conservative treatment of childhood chronic secretony otitis media
Authors: Cherry John R.
Published: November 2007

A questionnaire on medical treatment of childhood secretory otitis was posted to all Consultant Otologists in the Thames Regions of the National Health Service. Questions dealt with indications for medical management, choice of treatment, and indications for omitting medical therapy in favour of immediate surgery, or giving no treatment at all. 86 questionnaires were completed. 81.4 per cent of respondents used medical treatment, but there was no consensus as to the drug or combination preferred. Oral decongestant preparations were the most popular. 87.1 per cent of users of medical therapy sometimes omitted it in favour of immediate surgery, most commonly because previous treatment by another practitioner appeared a failure. 63.1 per cent of all respondents left some cases completely untreated. The views of experienced otologists on the treatment of ‘glue ear’ vary widely, and there is no acceptable evidence to support any method of medical therapy. Large-scale trials are needed to clarify the position.
Syrup formulations for post-tonsillectomy analgesia:
Authors: Parker D. A. , Gibbin K. P. , Noyelle R. M.
Published: November 2007

Post-tonsillectomy analgesia from ibuprofen, aspirin and placebo is compared in a double-blind study. The results are reported showing ibuprofen to have greater therapeutic benefit than placebo whereas aspirin did not. Methods of providing pain relief after tonsillectomy and the relative clinical merits of ibuprofen and aspirin are discussed.
Vestibular abnormalities in patients with Bell's palsy
Authors: Uri Nechama , Schuchman Gerald
Published: November 2007

In order to assess the extent of the underlying pathology in Bell's palsy, the vestibular function of 24 patients was evaluated within the first week from the onset of facial paralysis. Seven patients had pathological findings by ENG and an additional three had subjective vestibular signs; four of these ten patients also showed abnormal auditory brain stem evoked potentials. There was no correlation between the severity of the paralysis or the prognosis for recovery and the presence of vestibular abnormalities.
Trans-septal approach to unilateral posterior choanal atresia
Authors: McIntosh William A.
Published: November 2007

A technique of trans-septal approach to unilateral bony choanal atresia in the older child or adult is described with the advantages of better exposure, less bleeding and better mucosal cover of raw bone than traditional methods. This seems to reduce post-operative re-stenosis at the site of the atresia.