bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Waste Water Management and Reuse among RO Users: With Special Reference to Sharadha Nagar, Lucknow, India
Authors: Kumar Ranjeet , Loknath
Published: October 2023

Reusing this reject (wastewater) can help conserve water resources and reduce environmental impact. RO reject water is often best suited for non-potable applications. To know what is the perception of people towards RO reject water, the researcher conducted a descriptive study on the localities falling under Sharda Nagar of Lucknow. Based on the results obtained from the study, it was revealed that except EWS families, all types of LIG, MIG and HIG families use municipal water supplies as well as individual submersible pumps for water supplying, MIG and HIG households consume excess water for activities like plants, gardens, household washing, washing machines and vehicle washing which can be compensated by RO rejected water. But according to the data collected, only 33% of the households use RO. That is, in the houses where RO is installed, 270 litres of water is wasted in a month for the drinking water of one person. According to this, the amount of water wastage also increases depending on the number of the family.
Strategic Choice and Organizational Performance of SMEs in Mombasa County, Kenya
Authors: Muli Moses Kioko
Published: October 2023

This research assessed the manner that choice affects Mombasa County SMEs’ performance and specifically assess manner in which innovation, relationship development and product positioning influence performance of Mombasa based SMEs. In the research, in addition to employing. quantitative approach, descriptive research design also adopted while targeting the 209 SMEs in Mombasa County; from which of 136 them formed the sample size; premeditated by means of formula as Mugenda and Mugenda submit. The research employed proportionate sampling and to select respondents. In this research, data from primary sources was gathered using a closed-ended questionnaire that was distributed out using a drop-and-pick method. The quantitative analysis method was used in this study to provide descriptive and inferential statistics. The study concludes that at 0.05 level of significance, each of innovation strategy (β= 0.259; p = 0.002), positioning strategy (α=0.215; p= 0.019), knowledge acquisition strategy County (β=0.196; p = 0.005), and knowledge acquisition strategy (α =0.242; p= 0.0.37) has positively significant influence on organizational performance of SMEs in Mombasa County. The study recommends that the SMEs in Mombasa County that should; invest significantly in their innovation strategy to increase its productivity, strengthen their product positioning strategy; pay more attention on the relationship development strategy; concentrate on building its knowledge acquisition strategy
Improving Teacher Performance through Strengthening Learning Organization, Transformational Leadership and Achievement Motivation
Authors: Pujilestari Yulita , Rubini Bibin , Sunaryo Widodo
Published: October 2023

Effective teacher performance plays a crucial role in enhancing the quality of education and the academic achievements of students. There are various strategies to improve teacher performance, and this study focuses on the relationship between three key factors: learning organization, transformational leadership, and achievement motivation, with the aim of identifying, examining, and enhancing their influence on teacher performance in public junior high schools in South Tangerang City. The study also seeks to provide relevant recommendations for teachers. The research involved 217 teachers from SMPN in South Tangerang City, selected through a multistage random sampling technique. A quantitative research approach with a correlational research method was employed, examining the relationships between independent and dependent variables using SITOREM (Scientific Identification Theory to Conduct Operation Research in Education Management) analysis. Based on the SITOREM analysis, 14 areas requiring improvement were identified, which can serve as recommendations for enhancing teacher performance. These areas encompass quality, timeliness, effectiveness, quantity, efficiency, building a shared vision, team learning, intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation, individualized consideration, strong desire, willpower, the need for success, and the need to work. In conclusion, the study highlights that teacher performance can be enhanced through the strengthening of learning organizations, the adoption of transformational leadership styles, and fostering achievement motivation among educators. These improvements are vital in achieving better educational outcomes for students.
Baobab (Adansonia digitata) Pulp and Mango Seeds as New Adsorbents for the Removal of Pb (II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Kenneth Rome , Kalu Kalu M. , Haruna Naibi A. , Chinedu Emmanuel K. , Atiku Ismaila , Emmanuel Michael
Published: October 2023

Baobab pulp (Adansonia digitata) and mango seeds were employed in the synthesis of activated carbon, serving as a cost-efficient adsorbent for the elimination of Pb (II) ions from aqueous solutions. The carbonization of baobab pulp and mango seeds was executed within a muffle furnace at 500°C for 2 hours and 30 minutes, followed by activation using orthophosphoric acid. Batch adsorption experiments encompassed assessments of initial metal ion concentration, adsorbent dosage, contact time, pH, and temperature, aimed at optimizing conditions to achieve maximal adsorption. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacities for Pb(II) were determined as 18.69 mg/g for Baobab activated carbon (BAC) and 16.02 mg/g for Mango seed activated carbon (MAC) at a concentration of 500 mg/l.

Adsorption data were subjected to analysis using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models. Among these models, Langmuir exhibited superior fit, as indicated by a correlation coefficient (R²) exceeding 0.99. Kinetic evaluation encompassed Pseudo-first-order, Pseudo-second-order, and Intra-particle diffusion models, with the Pseudo-second-order model emerging as the most appropriate. This finding suggests that the adsorption process is primarily governed by chemisorption, potentially serving as the rate-limiting step.

Thermodynamic investigations revealed the spontaneity, endothermic nature, and heightened randomness at the solid-solution interface of the adsorption process. Further assessment involved desorption experiments to ascertain the reusability and lifespan of the adsorbents. The outcomes underscore the potential of activated carbon derived from baobab pulp and mango seeds as economical and efficient adsorbents for Pb (II) ion removal.
A Bayesian Nonparametric Modeling Approach to Settlement Patterns of Pastoralists Population in Kenya
Authors: Langat Amos Kipkorir , Ofori Michael Arthur , Baranon Mouhamadou Djima , Biftu Daniel Bekalo , Mwalili Samuel Musili
Published: October 2023

Pastoralists' settlement patterns in Kenya have been studied for decades using various statistical and mathematical models. However, traditional models have often relied on restrictive assumptions, such as the normality of the data or the linearity of relationships. In this paper, we apply a Bayesian nonparametric approach to model the settlement patterns of pastoralists in Kenya, allowing for more flexible and realistic representations of the data. We first collected settlement data for pastoralists in Kenya and compiled a database of environmental covariates, such as distance to water sources, vegetation cover, and road networks. We then applied a Bayesian nonparametric clustering method to identify distinct settlement patterns and tested the performance of the model against other commonly used clustering techniques. Our results indicate that the Bayesian nonparametric approach outperforms other clustering techniques in terms of model fit and accuracy in identifying distinct settlement patterns. Additionally, we conducted a spatial regression analysis to investigate the relationship between settlement patterns and environmental covariates, revealing that distance to water sources and road networks are significant predictors of settlement patterns. Overall, our study highlights the usefulness of Bayesian nonparametric methods in modelling settlement patterns of pastoralists in Kenya and provides valuable insights into the relationship between environmental factors and settlement patterns.
Influence of the Landlords–Tenants Relationship on Compliance with Commercial Property Lease Arrangement in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Audu Adedamola Fisayo , Olaniyi Olusola Kehinde , Afolabi Cecilia Omolola
Published: October 2023

Main Purpose: This study focused on investigating the influence of landlord-tenant relationships on commercial property lease compliance in Abuja, Nigeria. The study was borne from the various impending issues militating against achieving the objectives of either the landlord or the tenant in the study area.

Research Methods: A total of one hundred and twenty-five (125) copies of questionnaires were administered to Estate Surveying and Valuation firms in Abuja with one hundred and three (103) retrieved representing an 82.4% retrieval rate. The retrieved questionnaires were analyzed using frequency distribution, Weighted Mean Score, and Chi-Square Test further subjected to a Fisher’s Exact Test.

Main Contributions: The study observed that there is a relationship between landlord-tenant relationship and compliance with lease arrangement in the study area (with a p-value of 0.001 for the Fisher's Exact Test at 0.05 significance level). In view of this, Estate surveyors and valuers are advised to ensure the maintenance of a cordial and mutual relationship in sequence with the proviso of the tenancy agreement between landlords and tenants in order to avoid non-compliance.
Soil Fertility Evaluation of Some Kola Plantations in Kwara and Kogi States, Nigeria for Enhanced Productivity
Authors: Ibiremo O. S. , Taiwo N. , Iloyanomon C. I. , Ogunlade M. O. , Fagbami O.
Published: October 2023

This study was carried out to assess the soil fertility condition of some selected kola plantations in Kwara and Kogi States. Ten core soil samples at 0-20cm and 20-40cm depth were randomly collected in each plantation using soil auger and bulked into composite samples to obtain representative soil samples. The soil samples were air dried, sieved through 2mm sieve and some physical and chemical properties were determined following standard laboratory procedures. Thesoil texture of the plantations studied in Kwara and Kogi States were either loamy sand or sandy soils. Soil organic carbon contents of both states were lower than the critical value of 30.00g/kg soil considered to be optimum and ideal for tree crop plantation. This indicates that there has been a great loss of organic matter from the soil reflecting the sandy texture of the plantations. The low organic matter content and slightly acidic soil could affect major nutrients availability and may result in nutrient imbalance. Nitrogen content of some of the location studied were low, this could be because sandy soil under high rainfall are prone to N deficiency which may have affected N leaf content as well, this makes N fertilizer application necessary because N is needed for vegetative growth and profitable yields. Available P and exchangeable cation (Mg and Ca) were found adequate for most of the plantations. The kola leaf N contents were below critical levels of 1.09% recommended for kola.Variation in soil nutrient content of top soil and sub soil of some of the plantation shows that an adequate fertilizer management system specifically directed to address the need of the soil is required.
Phytochemical Analysis, Antifungal and Antibacterial Screening of Aegle marmelos: A Guyana Floral Extract
Authors: Tewari Brij Bhushan , Gomatinayagam Subramanian
Published: October 2023

The plant material, leaves of Aegle marmelos were collected from Cove and John Ashram, Georgetown, Guyana.  Leaves are dried in oven at 50-55 ºC for 72 h.  The moisture content is calculated.  The dried leaves were grounded and extracted in each acetone, ethanol and   methanol solvents. Extracts were collected and evaporation of solvent was done on rotavapour.  The antimicrobial and antifungal activity of leaf extract were examined by well diffusion, poison plate, paper disc plate and streak plate methods. In Aegle marmelos leaves extract studies, maximum and minimum antimicrobial potential was observed for methanol and acetone solvents, respectively. Antimicrobial   potential of leave extract were also found to be maximum and minimum in Candida albicans   and Escherichia coli, respectively in most   assay studies. The phyto constituents, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenol, steroids and phytosteroids were found to present in methanol leave extract of Aegle marmelos.  Present study is focus on phytochemical analysis, antifungal and antibacterial screening of Aegle marmelos   leaves extracts.
Safeguarding Agriculture: A Comprehensive Review of Plant Protection Strategies
Authors: Koshariya Ashok Kumar , Sharma Neha , Satapathy Satya Narayan , Thilagam P. , Akanksha  , Laxman T. , Rai Sumit , Singh Bal veer
Published: October 2023

The rapidly evolving landscape of agriculture faces myriad challenges, including pests, diseases, and environmental factors that jeopardise global food security. The urgency of these challenges necessitates innovative plant protection strategies that are both effective and environmentally sustainable. This review offers a comprehensive examination of the advancements and considerations in plant protection, from traditional methods to modern technological approaches. Traditional practices, although eco-friendly, often fall short in efficacy and scalability. The advent of chemical solutions such as pesticides revolutionised plant protection but brought about environmental and health concerns. Biological controls offer a middle-ground, leveraging natural predators and bio-pesticides to combat agricultural threats. Technology is playing an increasingly critical role in shaping the future of plant protection. Sensor technologies and drones are enabling precision agriculture, enhancing the monitoring and application of protection measures. Genetic engineering holds the promise of creating crops resistant to pests and diseases, albeit amid ethical and safety debates. Integrated Pest Management (IPM), a balanced, eco-friendly approach, is gaining traction, supported by case studies that validate its effectiveness and adaptability. Meanwhile, policy and regulation are evolving to better govern the use of chemicals, promote sustainability, and address the impacts of climate change on agriculture. This review explores future trends, particularly the influence of emerging technologies such as nanotechnology and IoT, and potential shifts in global policies towards more sustainable practices. It argues for the imperative of integrating these multifaceted approaches, guided by robust policies and regulations, to achieve the dual objectives of high agricultural yield and environmental conservation. It aims to provide a holistic understanding and guide future directions in plant protection strategies, emphasising the importance of adaptability, sustainability, and integration in facing the challenges of tomorrow.
Assessment of Exotic Sesame (Sesamum indicum) Accessions through Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Sonaniya Rahul , Bisen Rajani , Sonaniya Pallavi
Published: October 2023

The present research conducted over 96 exotic sesame accessions with five checks, to identify the minimum number of components, which could explain maximum variability out of the total variability using Principal Component Analysis (PCA); The investigation was performed under Project Co-ordinating Unit (Sesame and Niger) Research Farm, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) during kharif 2018 using Augmented block design. Among the studied traits, Component 1 had the contribution from the traits viz., number of primary branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, oil content and seed yield/plant, which accounted 30.71% to the total variability. Days to flower initiation and days to 50% flowering had contributed 17.11% to the total variability in component 2. The remaining variabilities of 11.26%, 9.94%, 7.48% and 6.73% were consolidated in PC3, PC4, PC5 and PC6 respectievely by various traits like number of secondary branches/plant, capsule length, days to maturity, thousand seed weight and plant height . The cumulative variance of 83.23% of total variation among 12 characters was explained by the first six axes. On the basis of PC scores PC1, PC3 and PC5 accounting mainly to yield and quality traits containing accesions viz., EC-334998, ES-38, EC-346426, EC-334958, EC-340538, RT-351 and GT-10 might be further utilized in breeding programme.
In-vitro Assessment of Different Culture of Media on the Isolation and Purification of Cauliflower Alternaria Leaf Spot Disease Caused by Alternaria brassicicola (Schwein)
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Ratan Ved , Chaurasiya Ajay , Singh Vivek , Kumar Naimish , Singh Pankaj , Pratap Gajendra , Verma Bipin
Published: October 2023

Alternaria leaf spot of cauliflower caused by Alternaria brassicicola (Schwein.) Wiltshire, is a significant disease of cauliflower in the Kanpur region. In the current study the pathogenic fungus was purified from infested cauliflower leaves on potato dextrose agar medium, Following inoculation on healthy cauliflower seedlings the pathogenicity of the causal agent was demonstrated. The results revealed that the fungus was Alternaria brassicicola based on common symptoms on foliage, microscopic findings, and culture characteristics of the fungus. Based on microscopic observation, the causal agent was identified as Alternaria brassicicola (Schwein.) Wiltshire. To proceed to the isolation and purification of the fungus, eight culture media were tested among which the potato dextrose agar medium was found most suitable and encouraged maximum radial mycelial growth (89.07mm) of A. brassicicola. The second best was Corn Meal Agar medium (67.46mm), followed by  Potato carrot agar medium (54.83 mm), Rose Bengal agar  (53.00 mm), Czapex dextrose agar  (40.40 mm), Yeast Extract Agar (32.28 mm), and Nutrient Agar (24.28 mm), While minimum (22.16 mm) growth was recorded in Starch Agar. Thus, potato dextrose agar can therefore be used in the isolation, purification and pathogenicity of A. brassicicola.
Soil Fertility Indicators in Crop-Livestock-Forest Integration Systems
Authors: Ferreira Lusiane de Sousa , Oliveira Vinicius de Souza , Marchiori Johnatan Jair de Paula , Gomes Matheus de Paula , Ferreira Tatiane Cristovam , Vargens Fernanda Nery , Bolsoni Evellyn Zuqui , Carriço Eduarda , Holtz Anderson Mathias
Published: October 2023

Aiming at agricultural production in a sustainable, satisfactory manner and with less impact on the environment, cultivation systems such as crop-livestock integration, crop-livestock-forest integration, direct planting systems and agroforestry have been adopted. Crop-Livestock-Forest Integration Systems allow the increase in agricultural production without the need to convert new areas to agriculture, increasing the diversification of agricultural production on rural properties and applying different scales of agricultural enterprises. Thus, crop-livestock-forest integration systems are an important alternative for the sustainable expansion of Brazilian agriculture, reducing negative environmental impacts.
Impact of Sulphur Nanoparticles on Growth and Biological Yield of Groundnut-Mustard Crop Sequence Under Sandy Loam Soils of Central Gujarat
Authors: Yadav Suwa Lal , Patel K. C. , Kumar Dileep , Birla Devilal , Makwana Sanjay N. , Yadav Indra Raj , Yadav Manish , Lakshman  , Inwati Devendra Kumar , Gulaiya Shani
Published: October 2023

In the present era of farming, the farmers were not using the secondary fertilizers for supplementing the sulphur nutrient and groundnut and mustard crops require the higher amount of sulphur. While, the traditional sulphur fertilizers have very low nutrient use utilization efficiency, moreover nano fertilizers have high nutrient use efficiency. So, the present experiment was conducted with using the different sources of sulphur. The existing experiment was conducted at Anand Agricultural university, Anand, in 2021-22 using completely randomized design with 11 treatments replication 4 times. The results reveal that the significantly higher plant height at 30 DAS was registered with the application of RDF + sulphur nanoparticles @ 4 mg S/kg (T10), than rest of the treatments. The significantly higher plant height, branches/plant and biological yield of groundnut-mustard cropping sequence was obtained with the fertigation of RDF + sulphur nanoparticles @ 3 mg S/kg soil, 50% at basal & 50% at 30 DAS (T9). It can be concluded that application of 3 mg S/kg soil, 50% at basal & 50% at 30 DAS can be an optimum dose of sulphur in pot experiment through fertigation under sulphur deficient soil.
Design and Manufacture of Rainfall Measuring Instruments Based on Android Smartphone and ATmega328P Microcontroller Using Hall Effect Sensor
Authors: Adhari Eko , Gunawan Anak Agung Ngurah , Wibawa I. Made Satriya , Putra I. Ketut
Published: October 2023

Aims: To produce low-cost measuring instruments with high accuracy, which are expected to be used as a reference in developing rainfall observation instruments to reduce observation costs.

Study Design: Design of Rainfall measuring instruments based on Android Smartphone and ATmega328P microcontroller using hall effect sensor.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Physics, Udayana University, and Indonesian Agency of Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG), Region-III Badung, from June 2022 to August 2022.

Methodology: Calibration is done by comparing the output value of the rainfall measuring instruments using hall effect sensor and the BMKG calibration standard tool. The calibrated parameter is rainfall. The relationship between the measurement values of the design tool and the standard tool is determined using linear regression method to obtain a correction equation.

Results: Rainfall measuring instruments based on Android Smartphone and ATmega328P microcontroller using hall effect sensor have been produced. The measurement accuracy obtained for the rainfall parameter is 97.97% with uncertainty (U95) of 0.06 mm/min. The accuracy value indicates that the resulting tool has a good level of accuracy to the standard tool.

Conclusion: In this research, has been produced a rainfall measuring instrument at a low-cost with high accuracy and precision, which has been calibrated with BMKG standard tool.
Central registry concerns growing among OTP providers and patients
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2023

The “central registry” is a state‐run system in every state with opioid treatment programs (OTPs) and is designed with one purpose: to keep patients from enrolling in more than one program. The model central registry is New York's, set up decades ago by John Phillips, long retired from the state but an active member and co‐president of Stop Stigma Now. Legally, a central registry preserves the confidentiality of patient information, and collects no information other than what is needed to prevent multiple enrollments. It collects nothing about dose, pregnancy status, and so on.
National Coalition to Liberate Methadone: Part 8 Rulemaking
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2023

Below are some of the comments from the National Coalition to Liberate Methadone to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) proposed rule on Part 8 (see https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.33643 for more).
Electrochemical Storage of Ammonium Versus Metal Ions in Bimetallic Hydroxide for Sustainable Aqueous Batteries
Authors: Liu Chang , Li Mengxue , Meng Jianming , Hei Peng , Wang Jing , Song Yu , Liu Xiao‐Xia
Published: October 2023

Aqueous batteries with high safety and cost efficiency usually employ metallic cations as charge carriers. Recently, ammonium (NH4+) ion batteries using the nonmetal NH4+ as a charge carrier exhibit distinct electrochemical features from conventional aqueous batteries. Herein, the electrochemical performances of a bimetallic hydroxide material are systematically studied with different charge carriers in the electrolytes, including NH4+, as well as the conventional monovalent metallic cations K+ and Na+, respectively. Electrochemical results indicate that the charge storage process using NH4+ as the working ions exhibits a higher discharge plateau, smaller electrochemical polarization, and larger discharge capacity than that using conventional metallic charge carriers. Experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations suggest that the strong interaction between NH4+ and the electrode material, as well as the low NH4+‐ion diffusion barrier lead to these superior electrochemical features. The assembled NH4+‐ion battery exhibits a good energy density of 123 Wh kg(cathode+anode)−1 at the power density of 480 W kg(cathode+anode)−1. These fundamental findings are important for developing good safety, low‐cost, and high‐energy aqueous batteries with sustainable NH4+ charge carriers.
Fully Printed Electrolyte‐Gated Transistor Formed in a 3D Polymer Reservoir with Laser Printed Drain/Source Electrodes
Authors: Cadilha Marques Gabriel , Yang Liang , Liu Yan , Wollersen Vanessa , Scherer Torsten , Breitung Ben , Wegener Martin , Aghassi‐Hagmann Jasmin
Published: October 2023

In solution processed electronic devices it is crucial that the deposited inks are properly aligned and that all post‐processing steps are compliant with each other. Moreover, shorter channel lengths are highly beneficial to increase the device performance. Herein, laser printing of metals and polymer reservoirs allows to print sub‐micrometer sized channel lengths while confining functional inks into these small gaps. Therefore, a manufacturing concept and optimized material stack, suitable for combined inkjet and laser printing are proposed. A nanoparticulate indium oxide (In2O3) semiconductor is inkjet printed into and constrained by a 3D laser written polymer (pentaerythritol triacrylate, PETA) reservoir. Inside the 3D printed polymer reservoir, platinum (Pt) electrodes, that are further routed over the reservoir walls, are laser printed by a metal reduction process. The transistor fabrication is completed by a second inkjet printed layer of composite solid polymer electrolyte and an organic top‐gate layer (PEDOT:PSS). This concept does not exceed annealing temperatures higher than 100 °C, and is compatible with a range of substrates. The characterized electrolyte‐gated field‐effect transistor show a reasonable on/off‐ratio in the range of 104 with negligible leakage currents. This materials and hybrid device manufacturing scheme has believed great potential for bioelectronics, lab‐on‐a‐chip applications and others.
Highly Visible–NIR Transparent Metamaterial‐Window for Broadband Microwave Absorption and Shielding
Authors: Zhang Yaqiang , Li Haonan , Ge Jiahao , Zhang Chi , Li Jingzhou , Zhang Cheng , Deng Ruixiang , Zhang Yang , Dong Hongxing , Zhang Long
Published: October 2023

Optically transparent metamaterial absorbers have unexceptionally encountered a great challenge in further improving optical transparency ranging from visible (Vis) to near‐infrared (NIR) and environmental applicability, due to the limitations of constituent materials and multilayer structures. To overcome this limitation, a highly Vis‐NIR transparent metamaterial‐window with outstanding microwave broadband absorption and practical durability is proposed in this paper, which adopts a typical sandwich structure consisting of a cross‐ and cross‐ring‐shaped resonator and a reflective backplane, separated by a quartz glass. Experimental results indicate that the proposed metamaterial‐window achieves >80% absorptivity, covering a wide frequency range of 6.6–13.8 GHz with a relative bandwidth of 70.59%, while the measured shielding effectiveness is >16.94 dB, at 4.0–16.0 GHz. In addition, the corresponding physical mechanism is revealed by exploiting a classical multiple reflections interference model. More significantly, both the patterned resonator and backplane layers are formed by microscale gold meshes with high Vis‐NIR transmittance and environmental resistance, thereby enabling excellent salt spray corrosion resistance and high‐temperature stability, as well as an average optical transmittance of ≈87.35% at 400–1 800 nm. These advantages endow the design a promising candidate for addressing anti‐electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic shielding both in military and civilian.
Virtual Volumetric Additive Manufacturing (VirtualVAM)
Authors: Weisgraber Todd H. , de Beer Martin P. , Huang Sijia , Karnes John J. , Cook Caitlyn C. , Shusteff Maxim
Published: October 2023

Tomographic volumetric additive manufacturing (VAM) produces arbitrary 3D geometries by exposure of a rotating volume of photopolymer resin to tomographically‐patterned illumination. This enables high speed, layer‐less printing of parts from a wide range of photopolymers not amenable to layer‐by‐layer processes. Since the entire geometry is produced at once over the course of a few seconds to minutes, molecular diffusion length scales become significant to the printing process. Understanding these molecular reaction and diffusion processes is imperative for advancing VAM to a usable technology. These processes are experimentally very difficult to monitor and measure. Herein, VirtualVAM ‐ a simulation framework for modeling the tomographic VAM process, is developed and experimentally validated. VirtualVAM simulates reaction, diffusion, and heat generation processes over the course of a print with single‐voxel resolution. From a few experimentally‐determined input parameters and a set of images for projection, VirtualVAM is able to generate a large spatio‐temporal data set for any given tomographic VAM print. Using VirtualVAM,  a number of experimentally‐unattainable aspects of the VAM process are investigated such as single‐voxel conversion profiles, effect of molecular oxygen, and stopping time determination. VirtualVAM also enables the optimization of exposure patterns to further improve contrast between in‐part and out‐of‐part delivered dose.
Multiplexed Optogenetics with Striped Organic LEDs
Authors: Ciccone Giuseppe , Weber Jens P. , Meloni Ilenia , Kleemann Hans , Leo Karl , Murawski Caroline
Published: October 2023

Optogenetic stimulation of living systems enables control of neuronal functions with extraordinary cell‐type specificity. The expression of more than one optogenetic actuator grants the possibility to mediate cellular activity via activation and inhibition upon illumination, with a spatial resolution that is hardly matched by electrical and pharmacological paradigms. In addition, delivering light with adequate spatial resolution is of utmost importance to achieve precise control over targeted cells. To this aim, the design strategy and realization of micro‐structured dual‐color organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are presented with a high degree of light confinement, reaching optical power densities up to 1 mW mm−2, microsecond response speed, and device heat‐up below 3 °C upon constant drive conditions at high brightness. The devices are applied for localized stimulation of Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster) larvae expressing BiPOLES as a bidirectional light‐sensitive actuator. The results suggest the presence of an anterior‐posterior hierarchy for motoneuron signal procession, which is concluded from behavioral observations upon simultaneous and timely controlled activation and inhibition of neuronal activity in different larval segments. Thus, the devices are highly effective in generating complex light patterns for multi‐color optogenetics and lay the basis for cell‐specific multiplexed optogenetics in freely moving animals.
The Influence of Polyethylene Oxide Degradation in Polymer‐Based Electrolytes for NMC and Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Herbers Lukas , Minář Jaroslav , Stuckenberg Silvan , Küpers Verena , Berghus Debbie , Nowak Sascha , Winter Martin , Bieker Peter
Published: October 2023

A multilayered ternary solid polymer electrolyte (TSPE) is presented. First, the influence of polyethylene oxide degradation on cell failure, development of subsequent volatile degradation products, and cell impedance is analyzed. The low electrochemical stability window/oxidative stability (≥3.8 V) results in side‐chain oxidation and loss of active material. Subsequently, electrolyte stability is improved and a thin‐film (≤50 μm) TSPE with three functional layers is developed to match the wide‐ranging electrolyte requirements toward Li metal anodes and different cathode materials like LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2and LiFePO4(NCM622, LFP). The high‐voltage stability of ≥4.75 V makes the TSPE a promising candidate in high‐voltage applications. Because of high Coulombic efficiencies in NMC622‖Li metal (99.7%) and LFP‖Li metal (99.9%) cells, the presented electrolyte enables stable long‐term cycling with great capacity retention of 86% and 94%, respectively. The temperature stability of >300 °C and the capability to prevent high surface area Li and dendrite formation (even at an areal capacity utilization of >40 mAh cm−2) contribute to high safety under a wide range of conditions.
Intelligent Soft Robotic Grippers for Agricultural and Food Product Handling: A Brief Review with a Focus on Design and Control
Authors: Liu Yuxuan , Hou Jixin , Li Changying , Wang Xianqiao
Published: October 2023

Advances in material sciences, control algorithms, and manufacturing techniques have facilitated rapid progress in soft grippers, propelling their adoption in various fields. In this review article, a comprehensive overview of the design and control aspects of intelligent soft robotic grippers tailored specifically for agricultural product handling is provided. Soft grippers have emerged as a promising solution for handling delicate and fragile objects. In this article, the recent progress in various gripper design, including fluidic and mechanical grippers, is elucidated and the role of advanced control approaches in enabling intelligent functions, such as object classification and grasping condition evaluation, is explored. Moreover, the challenges and opportunities pertaining to implementation of soft grippers in the agricultural industry are thoroughly discussed. While most demonstrations of soft grippers and their control strategies remain at the experimental stage, in this article, it is aimed to provide insights into the potential applications of soft grippers in agricultural product handling, thereby inspiring future research in this field.
Pathogenic variants in the Longitudinal Early‐onset Alzheimer's Disease Study cohort
Authors: Nudelman Kelly N. H. , Jackson Trever , Rumbaugh Malia , Eloyan Ani , Abreu Marco , Dage Jeffrey L. , Snoddy Casey , Faber Kelley M. , Foroud Tatiana , Hammers Dustin B. ,   DIAN/DIAN‐TU Clinical/Genetics Committee, Taurone Alexander , Thangarajah Maryanne , Aisen Paul , Beckett Laurel , Kramer Joel , Koeppe Robert , Kukull Walter A. , Murray Melissa E. , Toga Arthur W. , Vemuri Prashanthi , Atri Alireza , Day Gregory S. , Duara Ranjan , Graff‐Radford Neill R. , Honig Lawrence S. , Jones David T. , Masdeu Joseph C. , Mendez Mario , Musiek Erik , Onyike Chiadi U. , Riddle Meghan , Rogalski Emily , Salloway Stephen , Sha Sharon J. , Turner R. Scott , Wingo Thomas S. , Wolk David A. , Carrillo Maria C. , Dickerson Bradford C. , Rabinovici Gil D. , Apostolova Liana G. ,   the LEADS Consortium
Published: October 2023

Introduction

One goal of the Longitudinal Early‐onset Alzheimer's Disease Study (LEADS) is to investigate the genetic etiology of early onset (40–64 years) cognitive impairment. Toward this goal, LEADS participants are screened for known pathogenic variants.

Methods

LEADS amyloid‐positive early‐onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) or negative early‐onset non‐AD (EOnonAD) cases were whole exome sequenced (N = 299). Pathogenic variant frequency in APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, GRN, MAPT, and C9ORF72 was assessed for EOAD and EOnonAD. Gene burden testing was performed in cases compared to similar‐age cognitively normal controls in the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) study.

Results

Previously reported pathogenic variants in the six genes were identified in 1.35% of EOAD (3/223) and 6.58% of EOnonAD (5/76). No genes showed enrichment for carriers of rare functional variants in LEADS cases.

Discussion

Results suggest that LEADS is enriched for novel genetic causative variants, as previously reported variants are not observed in most cases.

Highlights

Sequencing identified eight cognitively impaired pathogenic variant carriers.

Pathogenic variants were identified in PSEN1, GRN, MAPT, and C9ORF72.

Rare variants were not enriched in APP, PSEN1/2, GRN, and MAPT.

The Longitudinal Early‐onset Alzheimer's Disease Study (LEADS) is a key resource for early‐onset Alzheimer's genetic research
Projectivities of Informationally Complete Measurements
Authors: Shu Hao
Published: October 2023

The physical problem behind informationally complete (IC) measurements is determining an unknown state statistically by measurement outcomes, known as state tomography. It is of central importance in quantum information processing such as channel estimating, device testing, quantum key distribution, etc. However, constructing such measurements with good properties is a long‐standing problem. In this work, projective realizations of IC measurements are investigated. Conditions of informational completeness are presented with proofs first. Then the projective realizations of IC measurements, including proposing the first general construction of minimal projective IC measurements (MPICM) in no prime power dimensional systems, as well as determining an unknown state in via a single projective measurement with some kinds of optimalities in a larger system, are investigated. Finally, The results can be extended to local state tomography. Some discussions on employing several kinds of optimalities are also provided.
High‐Affinity Hybridization of Complementary Aromatic Oligoamide Strands in Water
Authors: Koehler Victor , Bruschera Gabrielle , Merlet Eric , Mandal Pradeep K. , Morvan Estelle , Rosu Frédéric , Douat Céline , Fischer Lucile , Huc Ivan , Ferrand Yann
Published: October 2023

We prepared a series of water‐soluble aromatic oligoamide sequences all composed of a segment prone to form a single helix and a segment prone to dimerize into a double helix. These sequences exclusively assemble as antiparallel duplexes. The modification of the duplex inner rim by varying the nature of the substituents borne by the aromatic monomers allowed us to identify sequences that can hybridize by combining two chemically different strands, with high affinity and complete selectivity in water. X‐ray crystallography confirmed the expected antiparallel configuration of the duplexes whereas NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry allowed us to assess precisely the extent of the hybridization. The hybridization kinetics of the aromatic strands was shown to depend on both the nature of the substituents responsible for strand complementarity and the length of the aromatic strand. These results highlight the great potential of aromatic hetero‐duplex as a tool to construct non‐symmetrical dynamic supramolecular assemblies.
Direct Assembly of Metal‐Phenolic Network Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Xu Wanjun , Lin Zhixing , Pan Shuaijun , Chen Jingqu , Wang Tianzheng , Cortez‐Jugo Christina , Caruso Frank
Published: October 2023

Coordination assembly offers a versatile means to developing advanced materials for various applications. However, current strategies for assembling metal‐organic networks into nanoparticles (NPs) often face challenges such as the use of toxic organic solvents, cytotoxicity because of synthetic organic ligands, and complex synthesis procedures. Herein, we directly assemble metal‐organic networks into NPs using metal ions and polyphenols (i.e., metal‐phenolic networks (MPNs)) in aqueous solutions without templating or seeding agents. We demonstrate the role of buffers (e.g., phosphate buffer) in governing NP formation and the engineering of the NP physicochemical properties (e.g., tunable sizes from 50 to 270 nm) by altering the assembly conditions. A library of MPN NPs is prepared using natural polyphenols and various metal ions. Diverse functional cargos, including anticancer drugs and proteins with different molecular weights and isoelectric points, are readily loaded within the NPs for various applications (e.g., biocatalysis, therapeutic delivery) by direct mixing, without surface modification, owing to the strong affinity of polyphenols to various guest molecules. This study provides insights into the assembly mechanism of metal‐organic complexes into NPs and offers a simple strategy to engineer nanosized materials with desired properties for diverse biotechnological applications.
Decorated DNA‐Based Scaffolds as Lateral Flow Biosensors
Authors: Brannetti Simone , Gentile Serena , Chamorro‐Garcia Alejandro , Barbero Luca , Del Grosso Erica , Ricci Francesco
Published: October 2023

Here we develop Lateral Flow Assays (LFAs) that employ as functional elements DNA‐based structures decorated with reporter tags and recognition elements. We have rationally re‐engineered tile‐based DNA tubular structures that can act as scaffolds and can be decorated with recognition elements of different nature (i.e. antigens, aptamers or proteins) and with orthogonal fluorescent dyes. As a proof‐of‐principle we have developed sandwich and competitive multiplex lateral flow platforms for the detection of several targets, ranging from small molecules (digoxigenin, Dig and dinitrophenol, DNP), to antibodies (Anti‐Dig, Anti‐DNP and Anti‐MUC1/EGFR bispecific antibodies) and proteins (thrombin). Coupling the advantages of functional DNA‐based scaffolds together with the simplicity of LFAs, our approach offers the opportunity to detect a wide range of targets with nanomolar sensitivity and high specificity.
Sensitive and high laser damage threshold substrates for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering based on gold and silver nanoparticles
Authors: Mayr Felix , Zimmerleiter Robert , Farias Patricia M. A. , Bednorz Mateusz , Salinas Yolanda , Galembek André , Cardozo Olavo D. F. , Wielend Dominik , Oliveira Dyego , Milani Raquel , Brito‐Silva Tania M. , Brandstetter Markus , Padrón‐Hernández Eduardo , Burgholzer Peter , Stingl Andreas , Scharber Markus C. , Sariciftci Niyazi Serdar
Published: October 2023

Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a sensitive and fast technique for sensing applications such as chemical trace analysis. However, a successful, high‐throughput practical implementation necessitates the availability of simple‐to‐use and economical SERS substrates. In this work, we present a robust, reproducible, flexible and yet cost‐effective SERS substrate suited for the sensitive detection of analytes at near‐infrared (NIR) excitation wavelengths. The fabrication is based on a simple dropcast deposition of silver or gold nanomaterials on an aluminium foil support, making the design suitable for mass production. The fabricated SERS substrates can withstand very high average Raman laser power of up to 400 mW in the NIR wavelength range while maintaining a linear signal response of the analyte. This enables a combined high signal enhancement potential provided by (i) the field enhancement via the localized surface plasmon resonance introduced by the noble metal nanomaterials and (ii) additional enhancement proportional to an increase of the applicable Raman laser power without causing the thermal decomposition of the analyte. The application of the SERS substrates for the trace detection of melamine and rhodamine 6G is demonstrated, which shows limits of detection smaller than 0.1 ppm and analytical enhancement factors on the order of 104 as compared to bare aluminium foil.
Boronic acid functionalized silica‐coated Fe3O4 as a novel magnetically separable catalyst for the synthesis of hydrazinyl thiazoles
Authors: Yadav Archana , Zond Rutuja , Jadhav Sushilkumar , Hangirgekar Shankar , Sankpal Sandeep
Published: October 2023

A novel silica‐coated magnetite supported boronic acid functionalized nanocatalyst (Fe3O4@SiO2‐Pr‐N=CH‐C6H4B[OH]2) was synthesized using a simple synthetic protocol. The catalyst was fully characterized by using Fourier transform‐infrared (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis‐differential thermal analysis (TGA‐DTA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) techniques. The structural investigations revealed that the catalyst is nano‐sized (average crystallite size 13 nm), spherical, thermally stable, and magnetic in nature having a magnetic saturation of 51.26 emu/g. The catalytic activity of Fe3O4@SiO2‐Pr‐N=CH‐C6H4B(OH)2 was explored in the synthesis of hydrazinyl thiazoles via one‐pot, three‐component reaction of phenacyl halide, thiosemicarbazide and aryl aldehyde in EtOH:H2O (50:50, v/v) at room temperature and it gave above 90% yields of hydrazinyl thiazoles. The catalyst being magnetically separable can be reused six times with the retention of catalytic activity. The present approach offers the advantages of operational simplicity, shorter reaction time, ambient reaction condition, facile separation of catalyst, and higher yields of the products.
Π‐Character of Chromium Germylyne Complex in the Reactions with Enone, Butadiene, and Alkynes: Formation of Germacycles through [2+4] Cycloaddition with Conjugated Molecules
Authors: Nagata Koichi , Omura Hirotaka , Hashimoto Hisako
Published: October 2023

Germylyne complex Cp*(OC)2Cr≡Ge{C(SiMe3)3} (1) reacted with methyl vinyl ketone to give an η3‐allyl complex 2 with an oxagermacyclopentenyl ring. An analogous η3‐allyl complex 3 with a germacyclopentenyl ring was obtained by the reaction with butadiene, a non‐polar conjugated molecule, under photoirradiation. These reactions are accompanied by cleavage of the Cr≡Ge triple bond. On the other hand, the reactions of complex 1 with alkynes under photoirradiation resulted in clean substitution of a CO ligand of 1 to afford (η2‐alkyne)germylyne complexes, where the Cr≡Ge triple bond is intact.
Cellulase cocktail saccharification and fermentation of jackfruit waste for biobutanol production: Statistical optimization and techno‐economic analysis
Authors: C Trilokesh , Uppuluri Kiran Babu
Published: October 2023

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam) waste (JFW), a lignocellulosic biomass, is a potential raw material that can be tapped to produce energy and valuable products for human use. In the present work, biobutanol production was studied using jackfruit waste. Initially, the jackfruit waste was pretreated using acid and alkaline agents and hydrolyzed to produce fermentable sugars. The hydrolyzed jackfruit waste was fermented using Clostridium acetobutylicum NCIM 2877 to produce biobutanol. Among the studied pretreatments, sulfuric acid pretreatment produced a maximum sugar yield of 84.21 ± 2.6 mggds−1 in the acid liquor. Enzyme hydrolysis of pretreated jackfruit waste produced a total glucose yield of 215.12 ± 13.44 mggds−1 after optimization. After detoxification using activated charcoal, the JFW hydrolysate produced a maximum biobutanol titer and yield of 1.60 ± 0.5 g L−1, and 106.59 ± 5.1 mg/gglucose, respectively. Central composite design optimization of acetone‐butanol‐ethanol fermentation produced a maximum biobutanol titer of 5.6 ± 0.2 g L−1 (250.00 ± 11.4 mg/gglucose) and total solvent titer of 7.28 ± 0.3 g L−1 (325.00 ± 13.1 mg/gglucose). A 31 ton annual biobutanol production from JFW, simulated using SuperPro Designer, revealed the unit production cost and payback time to be $10.49/kg and 8.94 years.
Zur Theorie der Polarisationsspannung bei der Elektrolyse geschmolzener Salze
Authors: Drossbach Paul
Published: October 2023

Es wird eine Anzahl von Randwertproblemen, die sowohl für die Theorie der Einzelpotentiale wie für die Theorie der Meßmethode der Polarisationsspannung mit überlagertem Wechselstrom von Bedeutung sind, behandelt.