bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bilingual heritage language learning in China: Applying the Douglas Fir Group's transdisciplinary framework
Authors: Lu Yuan , Ke Chuanren
Published: October 2023

Through the application of the Douglas Fir Group's transdisciplinary framework, this study investigated how three levels of mutually dependent influence (i.e., the micro level of social action and interaction, meso level of sociocultural institutions and communities, and macro level of ideological structures) operate across time and space to shape a bilingual heritage language learner's study‐abroad (SA) experiences. Data were collected from standardized proficiency tests; language contact profiles; pre‐ and midprogram surveys; and interviews with the learner, classroom instructors, tutor–roommates, host family members, and the director of the SA program. The transdisciplinary framework enabled this study to expand its research focus and analytical scope, demonstrating that language learning was mediated by the three levels of mutually dependent influence in a dynamic and complex manner. This study has generated a richer understanding of multilayered complexity in heritage language development, advanced bilingual performance and proficiency, and bilingualism in language education and society.
Oral squamous cell carcinomas and oral potentially malignant disorders: A Latin American study
Authors: Gilligan Gerardo , Panico René , Lazos Jerónimo , Morelatto Rosana , Belardinelli Paola , Criscuolo Maria Ines , Bolesina Nicolas , Molina Ávila Ignacio , Pimentel Solá Juan Martin , Rivarola Emilce , Morgante Maria Jimena , Ingrassia Tonelli Maria Eugenia , Gimenez Javier , Doratti Pablo , Werner Laura Cecilia , Prado‐Ribeiro Ana Carolina , Brandão Thais Bianca , Vechiato‐Filho Aljomar Jose , Cuzzullin Maria Claudia , Saldivia‐Siracusa Cristina , Lopes Marcio Ajudarte , Agostini Michelle , Romañach Mario José , Abrahão Aline Corrêa , Fonsêca Thamyres Campos , Kaminagakura Estela , Anbinder Ana Lia , Santos Alves Kamilla , de Almeida Lança Maria Leticia , Sacsaquispe‐Contreras Sonia , Rodriguez Ibazetta Karem , Gerber‐Mora Roberto , Aranda Romo Saray , Tejeda Nava Francisco Javier , Cordero‐Torres Karina , Moreno Silva Ricardo , Gonzalez‐Arriagada Wilfredo , Toro Raiza , Silveira Felipe Martins , Gonzalez Natalia , Vargas Pablo Agustin , Santos‐Silva Alan Roger , Bologna‐Molina Ronell , Villarroel‐Dorrego Mariana , Martinez Benjamin , Piemonte Eduardo
Published: October 2023

Objective

To determine the frequency of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) associated or not with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD), and the epidemiological profile and traditional risk factors in Latin America.

Methods

A retrospective observational study was conducted in 17 Latin American centres. There were included cases of OSCC, analysing age, gender, OSCC and their association with previous OPMD. Clinicopathological variables were retrieved. The condition of sequential‐OSCC versus OSCC‐de novo (OSCC‐dn) was analysed concerning the aforementioned variables. Quantitative variables were analysed using Student's t‐test, and qualitative variables with chi‐square.

Results

In total, 2705 OSCC were included with a mean age of 62.8 years old. 55.8% were men. 53.75% of the patients were smokers and 38% were common drinkers. The lateral tongue border was the most affected site (24.65%). There were regional variations in OPMD, being leukoplakia the most frequent. Of the overall 2705 OSCC cases, 81.4% corresponded to OSCC‐dn, while s‐OSCC were 18.6%. Regarding lip vermillion SCC, 35.7% corresponded to de novo lip SCC and 64.3% were associated with previous OPMD.

Conclusions

In Latin America, OSCC‐dn seems to be more frequent with regional variations of some clinical and histopathological features. Further prospective studies are needed to analyse this phenomenon.
Differential heat‐response characteristics of two plastid isoforms of triose phosphate isomerase in tomato
Authors: Chen Chong , Zhang Meng , Ma Xiaocui , Meng Qingwei , Zhuang Kunyang
Published: October 2023

Heat stress causes dysfunction of the carbon‐assimilation metabolism. As a member of Calvin–Benson–Bassham (CBB) cycle, the chloroplast triose phosphate isomerases (TPI) catalyse the interconversion of glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate (GAP) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP). The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genome contains two individual SlTPI genes, Solyc10g054870 and Solyc01g111120, which encode the chloroplast‐located proteins SlTPI1 and SlTPI2, respectively. The tpi1 and tpi2 single mutants had no visible phenotypes, but the leaves of their double mutant lines tpi1tpi2 had obviously reduced TPI activity and displayed chlorotic variegation, dysplasic chloroplasts and lower carbon‐assimilation efficiency. In addition to altering carbon metabolism, proteomic data showed that the loss of both SlTPI1 and SlTPI2 severely affected photosystem proteins, reducing photosynthetic capacity. None of these phenotypes was evident in the tpi1 or tpi2 single mutants, suggesting that SlTPI1 and SlTPI2 are functionally redundant. However, the two proteins differed in their responses to heat stress; the protein encoded by the heat‐induced SlTPI2 showed a higher level of thermotolerance than that encoded by the heat‐suppressed SlTPI1. Notably, heat‐induced transcription factors, SlWRKY21 and SlHSFA2/7, which negatively regulated SlTPI1 expression and positively regulated SlTPI2 expression, respectively. Our findings thus reveal that SlTPI1 and SlTPI2 have different thermostabilities and expression patterns in response to heat stress, which have the potential to be applied in thermotolerance strategies in crops.
Forest recovery by direct seeding on the southern edge of the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: de Aragão Janecleia S. , Elias Fernando , das Neves Eder C. , Guilherme Frederico A. G.
Published: October 2023

Broad‐scale parameters are crucial for the restoration of forest to align with the United Nations resolutions for the “Decade on Ecosystem Restoration.” Direct seeding is a moderately priced, active method with potential use in forest recovery. This study evaluated the recovery of woody vegetation from 23 restored forests (RF) located on the southern edge of the Brazilian Amazon, a region known as the “Arc of Deforestation”. We ask: (1) What are the differences in abundance, species richness, and alpha diversity between seeded and regenerated species in RF? (2) How does the structure, floristic composition, species richness, and alpha diversity of RF compare with adjacent primary forests (PF)? After 12 years of intervention, our results reveal that RFs exhibited lower species richness, alpha diversity, aboveground biomass (AGB), basal area, and dissimilar floristic composition when compared to PFs. Recovery in PFs reached 40% for AGB, 55% for basal area, 24% for alpha diversity, and 60% for species richness. These findings indicate ongoing recovery of evaluated parameters, highlighting the success of the seeding method in restoring degraded riparian forests. We also observed similar species richness between seeded and regenerated species in RFs, yet absolute density, AGB, and alpha diversity were higher in seeded species. The notable presence of non‐seeded species in our plots provides evidence that direct seeding fosters spontaneous regeneration from the regional species pool. Our findings suggest that direct seeding is a viable option for restoring forest structure and diversity in areas with limited or no potential for passive regeneration.
The treatable traits approach to adults with obstructive airways disease in primary and secondary care
Authors: Thomas Mike , Beasley Richard
Published: October 2023

The treatable traits approach is based on the recognition that the different clinical phenotypes of asthma and chronic obstructive airways disease (COPD) are a heterogeneous group of conditions with different underlying mechanisms and clinical manifestations, and that the identification and treatment of the specific clinical features or traits facilitates a personalised approach to management. Fundamentally, it recognises two important concepts. Firstly, that treatment for obstructive lung disease can achieve better outcomes if guided by specific clinical characteristics. Secondly, that in patients with a diagnosis of asthma, and/or COPD, poor respiratory health may also be due to numerous overlapping disorders that can present with symptoms that may be indistinguishable from asthma and/or COPD, comorbidities that might require treatment in their own right, and lifestyle or environmental factors that, if addressed, might lead to better control rather than simply increasing airways directed treatment. While these concepts are well accepted, how best to implement this personalised medicine approach in primary and secondary care within existing resource constraints remains uncertain. In this review, we consider the evidence base for this management approach and propose that the priority now is to assess different prototype templates for the identification and management of treatable traits in both asthma and COPD, in primary, secondary and tertiary care, to provide the evidence that will guide their use in clinical practice in different health care systems.
Research on the impact of waterfront resources on rural leisure environment, economic development, and the awareness of physical and mental health of the elderly
Authors: Lin Hsiao‐Hsien , Lin Tzu‐Yun , Lin Jan‐Wei , Lo Chih‐Cheng , Li Qi‐Yuan , Lin Chao‐Yen , Lin Jao‐Chuan , Li Cheng‐Ping
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to analyse the impact of waterfront resources on the rural leisure environment, economic development, and physical and mental health awareness of the elderly. This study adopted a mixed research method. First, a questionnaire was designed, and 580 questionnaires were analysed using SPSS 26.0 statistical software with a basic statistical test, Pearson correlation coefficient. Then, we used semi‐structured interviews to collect the opinions of six respondents. Finally, the data were compiled and discussed by multivariate check analysis. The study found that although coastal resources can promote the rural economy, maintain community culture, build a comfortable living environment for the elderly and promote health and well‐being, they still affect the physical and mental health and well‐being of the elderly because of serious pollution, damage to the community environment and ecology, high prices and few leisure facilities. Therefore, reducing pollution, stabilizing prices, maintaining coastal biodiversity, controlling the consumption mechanism and providing a safe leisure environment will help promote the physical and mental health of the elderly, increase their enthusiasm and self‐confidence, and increase their sense of well‐being.
Na(+)‐Ca2+ exchange current in latent pacemaker cells isolated from cat right atrium.
Authors: Zhou Z , Lipsius S L
Published: October 2023

1. Single latent pacemaker cells were isolated from cat right atrium, and studied in a whole‐cell configuration using a nystatin‐perforated patch recording method. The nystatin method avoids alterations in intracellular Ca2+, cellular constituents and run‐down of ionic currents. 2. Depolarizing voltage clamp pulses from ‐40 mV elicited L‐type Ca2+ current (ICa) that exhibited an initial rapid phase of inactivation followed by a secondary slower inward current component that decayed over about 100 ms. The secondary inward component appeared as a slowly decaying inward tail current following short (10‐40 ms) depolarizing clamp steps. 3. Slowly decaying inward currents were abolished by internally dialysing pacemaker cells with 2 mM EGTA using a ruptured patch recording method. Inward tail currents were also abolished by exposure to 1 microM ryanodine and significantly decreased by replacing 85% of external Na+ with lithium, without effect on peak ICa. These findings identify a Na(+)‐Ca2+ exchange current (INa‐Ca) that is mediated by sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release. 4. Properties of INa‐Ca and ICa differed significantly: (i) ICa exhibited a bell‐shaped voltage dependence that peaked at 0 mV and decreased at more positive voltages. INa‐Ca was maximal at ‐10 mV and remained relatively constant at more positive voltages; (ii) a paired pulse protocol showed that the time course of INa‐Ca recovery (5 s) was significantly longer than that of ICa (2 s); (iii) cadmium (50 microM) induced an inhibition of ICa that did not correlate in time with changes in INa‐Ca. 5. The duration of depolarizing steps between 10 and 120 ms had no effect on the time course of INa‐Ca tail currents. 6. Isoprenaline > or = 5 x 10(‐8) M significantly increased peak ICa amplitude, peak INa‐Ca amplitude, accelerated INa‐Ca rate of decay and decreased the absolute time of INa‐Ca decay. 7. Free‐running pacemaker action potentials were clamped during diastole at either ‐40 or ‐70 mV (maximum diastolic potential) for variable periods of time. At times between 0.2 and 1 s, INa‐Ca exhibited a voltage‐dependent increase in amplitude over time, i.e. INa‐Ca recovered more rapidly from ‐70 mV than from ‐40 mV. At times > 2 s, INa‐Ca exhibited a voltage‐dependent decline in amplitude over time, i.e. from ‐40 mV INa‐Ca decreased by 10% of maximum whereas from ‐70 mV INa‐Ca decreased by 60% of maximum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Nifedipine‐ and omega‐conotoxin‐sensitive Ca2+ conductances in guinea‐pig substantia nigra pars compacta neurones.
Authors: Nedergaard S , Flatman J A , Engberg I
Published: October 2023

1. The membrane properties of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) neurones were recorded in guinea‐pig in vitro brain slices. 2. In the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX) a Ca(2+)‐dependent slow oscillatory potential (SOP) was generated. Application of 0.5‐20 microM nifedipine abolished both spontaneous and evoked SOPs. A tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA)‐promoted high‐threshold Ca2+ spike (HTS) was little affected by nifedipine. On the other hand, omega‐conotoxin applied either locally or via the perfusion medium (1‐10 microM) blocked a part of the HTS, but it did not alter the SOP. 3. In normal medium nifedipine blocked the spontaneous discharge, decreased the interspike interval (ISI) recorded during depolarizing current injections and selectively reduced the slow component of the spike after‐hyperpolarization (AHP). omega‐Conotoxin decreased both the rising and falling slopes of the normal action potential, reduced the peak amplitude of the spike AHP, and, in some of the neurones, reduced the ISI during depolarization. The Na+ spikes recorded in Ca(2+)‐free medium were not altered by omega‐conotoxin. 4. The SOP was not blocked by octanol (100‐200 microM), amiloride (100‐250 microM), or Ni2+ (100‐300 microM). However, at 500 microM Ni2+ attenuated the SOP. 5. Application of apamin (0.5‐2.0 microM) induced irregular firing or bursting, abolished the slow component of the spike AHP and reduced its peak amplitude. In the presence of TTX and apamin long‐duration plateau potentials occurred, which were subsequently blocked by nifedipine. 6. In Ca(2+)‐free, Co(2+)‐containing medium TTX‐sensitive spikes and voltage plateaux were generated by depolarizing current pulses. It is suggested that a persistent Na+ conductance underlies the plateaux, which may be co‐activated during the SOP. 7. The results suggest that the Ca2+ currents underlying the SOP and the HTS are different and that they activate at least two Ca(2+)‐dependent K+ conductances. These conductances play major roles in the maintenance of spontaneous discharge and in control of membrane excitability.
Consumo de cigarrillos electrónicos dentro de la noción de reducción del daño: un juego de la industria que debemos terminar
Authors: Calderón Cortés María Isabel , Henríquez Gianna María
Published: October 2023

Introducción. La industria del tabaco desde hace años genera productos con apariencia de menor daño bajo el supuesto de producir menor afectación en la salud humana o ayudar a dejar de fumar. Los cigarrillos electrónicos son el ejemplo más reciente de sus tácticas. La popularidad de estos dispositivos y su rápida aceptación en los niños y jóvenes es un problema de salud pública.
Objetivos. Exponer y analizar cómo la industria del tabaco históricamente ha omitido el impacto de sus productos en la salud humana por medio de productos que aparentemente son menos dañinos que el tabaco convencional.
Conclusiones. Los cigarrillos electrónicos no son inocuos y tampoco hay suficiente evidencia que los relacione como productos menos dañinos, por ende, el mensaje que transmite la industria del tabaco es equívoco. Estos nuevos dispositivos hacen parte de las estrategias para buscar nuevos adictos, su regulación es urgente en los países que actualmente atraviesan este problema de salud pública y para fortalecer el control del tabaco, es pertinente terminar el juego de la industria.
Disrupting astrocyte-neuron lactate transport prevents cocaine seeking after prolonged withdrawal
Authors: Chen Wenjun , Zhang Yan , Liang Jie , Zhang Zhongyu , Zhang Libo , Huang Enze , Zhang Guipeng , Lu Lin , Han Ying , Shi Jie
Published: October 2023

Energy supply, especially the transfer of lactate from astrocytes to neurons, is critical for neuronal plasticity. However, its role in the incubation of cocaine craving remains largely unknown. Using an extended-access self-administration model and in vivo
1
H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we found that lactate synthesis in the central amygdala (CeA) is required for the intensified cocaine craving after prolonged withdrawal. Furthermore, incubated cocaine seeking was associated with a selective increase in monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2) and MCT4 expression levels. Down-regulation of astrocytic MCT4 or neuronal MCT2 using targeted antisense oligonucleotides or cell type–specific shRNA attenuated cocaine craving and reduced the expression of plasticity-related proteins and excitatory synaptic transmission. Meanwhile, lactate administration rescued MCT4 but not MCT2 disruption–induced behavioral changes due to the inability of lactate to be transported into neurons. Together, our study highlights the critical role of astrocyte-neuron lactate transport in the CeA in the incubation of cocaine craving and suggests a potential therapeutic target for drug addiction.
Inhibition of neutrophil extracellular trap formation alleviates vascular dysfunction in type 1 diabetic mice
Authors: Liu Chao , Yalavarthi Srilakshmi , Tambralli Ajay , Zeng Lixia , Rysenga Christine E. , Alizadeh Nikoo , Hudgins Lucas , Liang Wenying , NaveenKumar Somanathapura K. , Shi Hui , Shelef Miriam A. , Atkins Kevin B. , Pennathur Subramaniam , Knight Jason S.
Published: October 2023

While neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have previously been linked to some diabetes-associated complications, such as dysfunctional wound healing, their potential role in diabetic vascular dysfunction has not been studied. Diabetic Akita mice were crossed with either

Elane
−/−

or

Pad4
−/−

mice to generate NET-deficient diabetic mice. By 24 weeks of age, Akita aortae showed markedly impaired relaxation in response to acetylcholine, indicative of vascular dysfunction. Both Akita-

Elane
−/−

mice and Akita-

Pad4
−/−

mice had reduced levels of circulating NETs and improved acetylcholine-mediated aortic relaxation. Compared with wild-type aortae, the thromboxane metabolite TXB
2
was roughly 10-fold higher in both intact and endothelium-denuded aortae of Akita mice. In contrast, Akita-

Elane
−/−

and Akita-

Pad4
−/−

aortae had TXB
2
levels similar to wild type. In summary, inhibition of NETosis by two independent strategies prevented the development of vascular dysfunction in diabetic Akita mice. Thromboxane was up-regulated in the vessel walls of NETosis-competent diabetic mice, suggesting a role for neutrophils in driving the production of this vasoconstrictive and atherogenic prostanoid.
A bacterial spermidine biosynthetic pathway via carboxyaminopropylagmatine
Authors: Xi Huachao , Nie Xiaoqun , Gao Fang , Liang Xinxin , Li Hu , Zhou Haiyan , Cai Yujie , Yang Chen
Published: October 2023

Spermidine, a ubiquitous polyamine, is known to be required for critical physiological functions in bacteria. Two principal pathways are known for spermidine biosynthesis, both of which involve aminopropylation of putrescine. Here, we identified a spermidine biosynthetic pathway via a previously unknown metabolite, carboxyaminopropylagmatine (CAPA), in a model cyanobacterium
Synechocystis
sp. PCC 6803 through an approach combining
13
C and
15
N tracers, metabolomics, and genetic and biochemical characterization. The CAPA pathway starts with reductive condensation of agmatine and
l
-aspartate-β-semialdehyde into CAPA by a previously unknown CAPA dehydrogenase, followed by decarboxylation of CAPA to form aminopropylagmatine, and ends with conversion of aminopropylagmatine to spermidine by an aminopropylagmatine ureohydrolase. Thus, the pathway does not involve putrescine and depends on
l
-aspartate-β-semialdehyde as the aminopropyl group donor. Genomic, biochemical, and metagenomic analyses showed that the CAPA-pathway genes are widespread in 15 different phyla of bacteria distributed in marine, freshwater, and other ecosystems.
A powered prosthesis supports weight-bearing stand-to-sit transitions
Authors: Matsiko Amos
Published: October 2023

Above-knee amputees were capable of weight-bearing symmetry during stand-to-sit transitions when using a powered prosthesis.
Community involvement in addressing the antibiotic crisis
Authors: Kolokithas Angelo , Merkel Brian , Hunnicutt David , Fenzl Lucy , Petersen Matthew
Published: October 2023

Increasing student interest and success in STEM education is a top priority for many postsecondary educational institutions. One well-documented approach to both priorities is to have students participate in a Course Undergraduate Research Experience (CURE). Faculty from several technical colleges and universities in Wisconsin teamed up with the Tiny Earth organization to offer a CURE to address the search for new antibiotics. Students enrolled in undergraduate microbiology courses engaged in research and participated in community outreach. To involve the community, faculty from various institutions joined an NFL team, the Green Bay Packers, and created the Tiny Earth in Titletown symposium. Here, students presented their work via scientific posters, to community and industry members, and networked with other scientists from around the region. The Tiny Earth in Titletown symposium started in 2018, was held again in 2019, and returned in 2022 following a 2-year hiatus due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Record attendance in 2022 suggests that community outreach and education may be helping restore trust in science that was lost during the pandemic.
Molecular mechanism of the interaction between
Megalocytivirus
-induced virus-mock basement membrane (VMBM) and lymphatic endothelial cells
Authors: He Jian-hui , Shen Wenjie , Han Deyu , Yan Muting , Luo Mengting , Deng Hengwei , Weng Shaoping , He Jianguo , Xu Xiaopeng
Published: October 2023

The
Megalocytivirus
genus, family Iridoviridae, is a group of large DNA viruses that pose significant threats to marine and freshwater fishes. In tissues, the
Megalocytivirus
-infected cells are attached by a layer of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), constituting a unique histopathological phenomenon.
Megalocytivirus
induces the formation of an extracellular structure on the surface of infected cells that is functionally similar to the host basement membrane (BM), known as the virus-mock basement membrane (VMBM). VMBM is composed of host BM component nidogen-1 and viral proteins VP23R and VP08R and specifically provides adhesive support for LECs. In the current study, the viral protein VP33L was identified as a novel component of VMBM, and the way it participates in VMBM assembly was investigated. The interactions between virus-encoded VMBM components and LEC-specific markers lymphatic vessel endothelial receptor-1 (LYVE-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3), which contribute to the selective adhesion of LECs on VMBM, were further analyzed. Moreover, the viral components of VMBM could regulate the proliferation and migration of LECs via the VEGFR-3 signaling, which partially explains the origin of LECs attached to infected cells. This study is important for revealing the pathogenesis of
Megalocytivirus
and potentially provides reference clues for exploring the interaction mechanism between endothelial cells and extracellular matrix in animals.

IMPORTANCE

Viruses are able to mimic the physiological or pathological mechanism of the host to favor their infection and replication. Virus-mock basement membrane (VMBM) is a
Megalocytivirus
-induced extracellular structure formed on the surface of infected cells and structurally and functionally mimics the basement membrane of the host. VMBM provides specific support for lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) rather than blood endothelial cells to adhere to the surface of infected cells, which constitutes a unique phenomenon of
Megalocytivirus
infection. Here, the structure of VMBM and the interactions between VMBM components and LECs have been analyzed at the molecular level. The regulatory effect of VMBM components on the proliferation and migration of LECs has also been explored. This study helps to understand the mechanism of LEC-specific attachment to VMBM and to address the issue of where the LECs come from in the context of
Megalocytivirus
infection.
A novel simian adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccine elicits effective mucosal and systemic immunity in mice by intranasal and intramuscular vaccination regimens
Authors: Zhang Panli , Luo Shengxue , Zou Peng , Deng Qitao , Wang Cong , Li Jinfeng , Cai Peiqiao , Zhang Ling , Li Chengyao , Li Tingting
Published: October 2023

The failure of COVID-19 vaccines to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission, a possibly critical reason was the lack of protective mucosal immunity in the respiratory tract. Here, we evaluated the effects of mucosal and systemic immunity from a novel simian adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccine (Sad23L-nCoV-S) in mice in comparison with Ad5-nCoV-S by intranasal (IN) drip and intramuscular (IM) injection vaccinations. As good as the well-known Ad5-nCoV-S vaccine, a single-dose IN inoculation of 1 × 10
9
PFU Sad23L-nCoV-S vaccine induced a similar level of IgG S-binding antibody (S-BAb) and neutralizing antibody (NAb) and higher IgA in serum, while IN route raised significantly higher IgG and IgA S-BAb and NAb in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and specific IFN-γ secreting T-cell response in lung compared with IM route, but lower T-cell response in spleen. By prime-boost vaccination regimens with different combinations of IN and IM inoculations of Sad23L-nCoV-S vaccine, the IN-involved vaccination stimulated higher protective mucosal or local immunity in BAL and lung, while the IM-involved immunization induced higher systemic immunity in serum and spleen. A long-term sustained mucosal and systemic NAb and T- cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 was maintained at high level over 32 weeks by prime-boost vaccination regimens with IN and IM routes. In conclusion, priming or boosting immunization with IN inoculation of Sad23L-nCoV-S vaccine could induce effective mucosal immunity and in combination of IM route could additionally achieve systemic immunity, which provided an important reference for vaccination regimens against respiratory virus infection.

IMPORTANCE

The essential goal of vaccination is to generate potent and long-term protection against diseases. Several factors including vaccine vector, delivery route, and boosting regimen influence the outcome of prime-boost immunization approaches. The immunization regimens by constructing a novel simian adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccine and employing combination of intranasal and intramuscular inoculations could elicit mucosal neutralizing antibodies against five mutant strains in the respiratory tract and strong systemic immunity. Immune protection could last for more than 32 weeks. Vectored vaccine construction and immunization regimens have positively impacted respiratory disease prevention.
A Lévy Walk Model not Affected by the Memory Error
Authors: Sakiyama Tomoko , Okawara Masao
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we investigate the influence of memory errors on a random walk model (the direction-comparison (DC) model), which was developed by the authors. In the DC model, a walker sometimes alters its directional rule, which is dependent on the directional inconsistency between the current direction and the past movement direction. Here, we introduced two different types of memory errors into the DC model: the recall error and the direction error. We found that the DC model was not influenced by a former type of error, suggesting that our model could be robust against some kinds of errors.
Global small solutions to the 3D compressible viscous non-resistive MHD system
Authors: Wu Jiahong , Zhai Xiaoping
Published: October 2023

Whether or not smooth solutions to the 3D compressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations without magnetic diffusion are always global in time remains an extremely challenging open problem. No global well-posedness or stability result is currently available for this 3D MHD system in the whole space [Formula: see text] or the periodic box [Formula: see text] even when the initial data is small or near a steady-state solution. This paper presents a global existence and stability result for smooth solutions to this 3D MHD system near any background magnetic field satisfying a Diophantine condition.
DISPERSAL IN PREY–PREDATOR SYSTEMS WITH PREY’S FEAR AND PREDATOR’S ADAPTIVE SEARCH
Authors: SONG WEITING , WANG SHIKUN , WANG YUANSHI
Published: October 2023

This paper considers predator–prey systems in which the predator adapts the search speed to prey’s density. The prey admits the cost of fear because of the predator and moves between source–sink patches to escape from predation. Using dynamical systems theory, we demonstrate equilibrium stability, uniform persistence and bifurcations in the system. It is shown that enhancing the search speed of predator and/or decreasing prey’s dispersal from the source to sink could promote persistence of the system, while increasing the fear cost would stabilize the system. Moreover, dispersal could make the prey persist in both source–sink patches, even drive the predator into extinction. The dispersal could also make the prey reach a total population abundance larger than that without dispersal, even larger than the carrying capacity. Asymmetry in dispersal plays a role in the persistence and abundance. A novel finding of this work is that dispersal may lead to results reversing those without dispersal. Numerical simulations illustrate and extend our results. This work is important in understanding complexity in predation systems.
MODELING AND ANALYZING DYNAMIC INFORMATION PROPAGATION ON SINA WEIBO IN A SEMI-DIRECTED NETWORK
Authors: YIN FULIAN , SHE YUWEI , YANG QIANYI , PANG HONGYU , HUANG YANJING , WU JIANHONG
Published: October 2023

In reality, the dissemination of information about COVID-19 vaccines typically involves a combination of opinion leaders and self-organizing networks, with each node being exposed to information in varying ways. However, conventional models often assume homogeneity in networks, treating all nodes as equal in terms of propagation probabilities within a fixed timeframe, thereby neglecting the inherent heterogeneity of social networks in information dissemination. To address this limitation, we propose a novel semi-directed network model, referred to as the susceptible-forwarding-immune model, which incorporates the complex structure of actual social networks and classifies nodes based on their mode of contact and the number of users they reach within a specific period. We calibrated and validated our model using real data on COVID-19 vaccine information from the Chinese Sina microblog, and our sensitivity analysis yielded insights into optimal strategies for disseminating such information.
Low Power but High Energy: The Looming Costs of Billions of Smart Devices
Authors: Wang Wenpeng , Sobral Victor A. Leal , Billah Md Fazlay Rabbi Masum , Saoda Nurani , Nasir Nabeel , Campbell Bradford
Published: October 2023

Individually, wall-powered Internet of Things devices are small: in form factor, in complexity, in function, and in power draw. However, at scale, and certainly at the scale optimistic forecasters project, these small devices add up to be a big energy problem. Just adding a single two watt sensor to each US building would add to more annual energy consumption than some small countries. Wall-powered IoT devices are also easier to create than their energy-constrained (i.e. battery-powered) counterparts, and marketed as more convenient (no hub required!), leading to their continued growth. Yet, unlike other energy consuming devices, there are no Energy Star (or equivalent) standards for smart devices. Despite having very infrequent active times, they draw power for functions like AC-DC conversion, wireless communication, and wakeup word detection continuously. Further, the discrete nature of devices and siloed nature of IoT ecosystems leads to significant redundancy in IoT devices.

We posit that new techniques are needed to reverse this trend. This includes new techniques for auditing devices, systems that leverage existing devices rather than requiring new ones, and architectures that have less reliance on the cloud (and the energy overhead of network usage and cloud compute). The IoT is pitched to improve energy efficiency and reduce users' carbon footprints, but we need a new research agenda to ensure the devices themselves are not the next problem.
Multidisciplinary Column: Lessons Learned from a Multidisciplinary Hands-on Course on Interfaces for Inclusive Music Making
Authors: Huber Jochen
Published: October 2023

This short article reports on lessons learned from a multidisciplinary hands-on course that I co-taught in the academic winter term 2021/2022. Over the course of the term, I co-advised a group of 4 students who explored designing interfaces for Musiklusion [1], a project focused on inclusive music making using digital tools. Inclusive participation in music making processes is a topic home to the Multimedia community, as well as many neighbouring disciplines (see e.g. [2,3]). In the following, I briefly detail the curriculum, describe project Musiklusion, outline challenges and report on the course outcome. I conclude by summarizing a set of personal observations from the course---albeit anecdotal---that could be helpful for fellow teachers who wish to design a hands-on course with inclusive design sessions.
Report from CBMI 2022
Authors: Bailer Werner , Thallinger Georg , Benois-Pineau Jenny
Published: October 2023

The 19th International Conference on Content-based Multimedia Indexing (CBMI) took place as a hybrid conference in Graz, Austria, from September 14--16, 2022, organized by JOANNEUM RESEARCH and supported by SIGMM. After the 2020 edition was postponed and held as a fully online conference in 2021, this was an important step back to a physical conference. Probably still as an effect of the COVID pandemic, the event was a bit smaller than in previous years, with around 50 participants from 18 countries (13 European countries, the rest from Asia and North America). About 60% were attending on-site, the other via web conference.
MPEG Column: 139th MPEG Meeting (Virtual/Online)
Authors: Timmerer Christian
Published: October 2023

The original blog post can be found at the Bitmovin Techblog and has been modified/updated here to focus on and highlight research aspects.
Bibliometric Analysis of Context, Trends, and Contents of Digital Health Technology Used in Dental Health
Authors: Buddhikot Chaitanya S. , Garcha Vikram , Shetty Vittaldas , Ambildhok Kadambari , Vinay Vineet , Deshpande Utkarsha , Wahjuningrum Dian Agustin , Luke Alexander Maniangat , Karobari Mohmed Isaqali , Pawar Ajinkya M.
Published: October 2023

Digital tools and apps are revolutionizing healthcare and provide creative answers to urgent problems. Through teamwork and the incorporation of digital technologies, dentistry has experienced a remarkable revolution. A large body of scholarly research backs up this trend. The context, trends, and content of digital health technology in oral and dental health are examined in our bibliometric analysis. Using targeted keywords and synonyms, an organized searching technique was used in the Scopus database, yielding 1942 articles that were extracted into a CSV file. To acquire insights into the content, trends, and context, visualization using VOSviewer 1.6.18 and a variety of analyses—including coauthorship, citation, cooccurrence of author keywords, bibliographic coupling, and cocitation—were executed. The analysis revealed that the USA and the UK contributed to a significant quantity of the literature, with newer contributions coming from nations like India. Cone Beam Computed Tomography, Dental Caries, and Artificial Intelligence were prominent keywords. It is important to note that BMC Oral Health was associated with a sizable number of the papers. This bibliometric analysis provides insightful information about the context, content, and trends of digital health in the field of oral and dental health. By implementing the right technology, policymakers can use this information to increase oral health, encourage dental literacy, and improve access to dental treatment. It is vital to take into account the wide variety of technologies and their classifications based on dental services and contextual variables.
Suppressing Milling Chatter of Thin-Walled Parts by Eddy Current Dampers
Authors: Hou Junming , Wang Baosheng , Hao Hongyan
Published: October 2023

Machining vibrations often occur when working with thin-walled workpieces. One effective method to mitigate these vibrations is by using a damper, which can enhance machining accuracy, surface finish, and tool life. However, traditional contact dampers have a drawback in that they require direct contact with the workpiece, leading to friction, wear, increased cutting forces, and reduced machining accuracy. In contrast, electromagnetic eddy current dampers are noncontact dampers that can effectively suppress machining vibrations without the need for physical contact. In this study, a method to suppress machining vibrations in thin-walled workpieces using electromagnetic eddy current dampers is proposed. By establishing a theoretical model for the electromagnetic damper, the damping force and equivalent damping of the damper are determined. Subsequently, the impact of electromagnetic dampers on frequency response functions and machining vibrations are investigated through hammer impact tests. The results indicate that increasing the surface damper voltage and reducing the air gap both enhance the equivalent damping of the electromagnetic eddy current damper. Moreover, cutting experiments are conducted to analyze the surface roughness of thin-walled workpieces with and without dampers. The results demonstrate that the eddy current damper can effectively increase the equivalent damping and provide the necessary damping force to suppress machining chatter. Overall, the proposed method utilizing electromagnetic eddy current dampers presents a promising solution for suppressing machining vibrations in thin-walled workpieces.
FIGURE 3 from High In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of BI-847325, a Dual MEK/Aurora Kinase Inhibitor, in Human Solid and Hematologic Cancer Models
Authors: Vuaroqueaux Vincent , Musch Alexandra , Peille Anne-Lise , Kelter Gerhard , Weichert Loreen , Metz Thomas , Hendriks Hans R. , Fiebig Heinz-Herbert
Published: October 2023

Association between cell line sensitivities to BI-847325 in vitro and their oncogenic alterations in the RAS/RAF/MAPK pathway. Top: Waterfall plot of BI-847325 Abs IC70 values (y-axis) per cell line (x-axis). The dashed black line separates the CLs that are sensitive (Abs IC70 < 0.19 µmol/L) from those that are less sensitive (Abs IC70 ≥ 0.19 µmol/L) to BI-847325. Dark blue: CLs derived from solid tumors; dark red: CLs from hematologic cancers. Bottom: Genomic alterations (gene amplifications and/or oncogenic mutations) in the MAPK pathway for each of the 253 CLs, characterized by whole-exome sequencing and Affymetrix genome-wide human SNP array 6.0 (SNP6.0). The percentage of CLs being altered for each gene is indicated on the left of the plot. The statistical significance of the association between the genomic alterations and the BI-847325 Abs IC70 values is indicated by asterisks on the right of the gene symbols.
Lung Cancer Presents at a Younger Age and Is Less Likely to be Curable in People Living with HIV
Authors: Bhikoo Raisa , Allwood Brian W. , Irusen Elvis M. , Koegelenberg Coenraad F.N.
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Globally, lung cancer remains the leading cause of malignancy-related death in men and women. There is increasing evidence that the risk for lung cancer in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) is higher than that of the general population. Given the high burden of PLHIV and lung cancer in Southern Africa, we aimed to compare the characteristics of PLHIV and HIV-negative lung cancer patients with regards to demographics, cell type, performance status, and tumour stage at presentation. Methods: All patients who presented to a large tertiary hospital over a 7-year period with a confirmed tissue diagnosis of primary lung cancer were included in a prospective registry. The patient demographics, HIV status, as well as the patients’ performance status according to the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) were documented. Results: The cohort consisted of 1,805 patients (mean age 60.0 years) of which 1,129 were male. In total, 133 were PLHIV and 1,292 were confirmed HIV-negative, while the remaining were categorised as HIV-unknown. PLHIV with lung cancer were found to be younger than the HIV-negative group (mean [±SD] 54.6 [9.3] versus 60.3 [10.1], p < 0.001). Notably, not a single PLHIV was diagnosed with resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and only 7 of 133 (6.5%) had potentially curable disease NSCLC (up to stage IIIB) compared to 240 of 1292 HIV-negative patients (27.7%, p < 0.001). Conclusion: PLHIV with lung cancer were diagnosed at a significantly younger age and were significantly less likely to have curable NSCLC at presentation.
FTO genotypes (rs9939609 T>A) are Associated with Increased Added Sugar Intake in Healthy Young Adults
Authors: Madrigal-Juarez Andrea , Martínez-López Erika , Sanchez-Murguia Tania , Magaña-de la Vega Lisset , Rodriguez-Echevarria Roberto , Sepulveda-Villegas Maricruz , Torres-Valadez Rafael , Torres-Castillo Nathaly
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs9939609 in the FTO gene has been associated with dietary intake and appetite traits, mainly in participants with obesity; however, it remains widely unexplored in normal weight participants. Thus, the aims of this study were (1) to compare the changes in subjective appetite sensations, ghrelin, and insulin concentrations according to the SNP rs9939609 T>A in FTO and (2) to compare dietary intake between rs9939609 genotype groups in normal weight young participants. Methods: We conducted a quasi-experimental study involving 88 normal weight participants to analyze subjective perception of appetite, hormonal response for hunger and satiety, and dietary intake according to the rs9939609 SNP. Participants received a standardized single breakfast. Visual analogue scales (VAS) were utilized for assessing the subjective perception of appetite at fasting and immediately after breakfast and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min postprandially. Glucose, lipid profile, ghrelin, and insulin were measured at fasting and at 120 min after breakfast. Dietary intake was assessed with a 3-day food record. The SNP was determined by allelic discrimination with TaqMan probes. To compare dietetic, biochemical, and the subjective appetite sensations, Student t test, ANCOVA test, and the repeated measures ANOVA were used. The linear regression model and the linear mixed model were used for the association analysis. Pearson correlation was used to test the correlation between two quantitative variables. Results: A total of 88 people participated, 81.8% were female, with a mean body mass index of 21.8 ± 2.0 kg/m2 and a mean age of 20.6 ± 2.0. Genotype frequencies of the rs9939609 SNP were 52% for the TT allele and 48% for the TA/AA. The subjective perception of appetite named hunger, fullness, satiety, desire to eat, and prospective food consumption were similar between genotypes of the rs9939609. Participants with the TA/AA genotype showed a higher intake of added sugar (p = 0.039) than TT participants. No differences were found in ghrelin, insulin, glucose, or lipid parameters between genotypes. Conclusion: Carriers of the A allele from FTO gene SNP rs9939609 may have an increased preference for foods, specifically for added sugars.
Is the Health of Older Americans With a GED Equivalent to Their Peers With a High School Diploma?
Authors: Fuller-Thomson Esme , Grossman Robin , MacNeil Andie
Published: October 2023

The aim of this study was to identify differences in the prevalence and odds of cognitive impairment, hearing impairment, vision impairment, limitations in activities of daily living (ADLs), and ambulation limitations among three groups of older American adults: high school dropouts, General Educational Development (GED) recipients, and high school graduates. This study used secondary analysis of the nationally representative 2017 American Community Survey. The sample included 20,489 GED recipients, 154,892 high school graduates, and 49,912 high school dropouts. Our findings indicate that there is a gradient in health outcomes among older Americans, with the highest prevalence and odds of cognitive impairment, hearing impairment, vision impairment, ADL limitations, and ambulation limitations among high school dropouts, followed by GED recipients, and the lowest among high school graduates. Although GED recipients have better health outcomes than high school dropouts, there is still a significant disparity in health status between GED recipients and high school graduates.
Privileged Omissions: The Impact of Discriminatory Inaction
Authors: Conyers Addrain , Carrizales Tony
Published: October 2023

Scholars commonly study bias and discrimination from the perspective of those discriminated against and, to some extent, the institutional practices that foster discrimination. The research on institutional oppression often excludes a concurrent area of discriminatory omissions. Research on privileged omissions as a discretionary bias provides a more holistic view of discretionary decisionmaking. The concept of discriminatory omissions has limited research, but this paper adds to scholarship in this critical area by providing analysis and calls upon public service practices to disrupt the unintended consequences of privileged omissions.