bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and Design of PBL-Based Project Approach for Non-Major University Computing Courses
Authors: Choi Jung-In , Yang Sooyeon
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study is to analyze the learning outcomes and educational implications of introducing a new Problem-Based Learning project approach in a computing course for non-major students. The Problem-Based Learning project approach, designed by the research team, provides a teaching and learning strategy in which students collaborate to analyze and extend code within real-world problem contexts while systematically exchanging feedback. The study was conducted as a case study involving two groups of students: a control group comprising 30 students following traditional instructional methods and an experimental group consisting of 31 students employing the proposed approach. Educational outcomes were evaluated through both quantitative and qualitative analyses. The findings demonstrate that the Problem-Based Learning project approach facilitated a significantly more effective learning experience, fostering key skills such as communication, collaboration, and problem-solving. Furthermore, substantial improvements were observed in instructional effectiveness and the structure of practical activities. These findings suggest that the Problem-Based Learning project approach mirrors real-world practices, equipping students with essential computational thinking skills and a deeper understanding of foundational topics such as Python, data structures, and algorithms. This study provides valuable insights for the development of instructional strategies in computing courses for non-major students, emphasizing the importance of creating systematic learning environments that bridge theoretical knowledge and practical application through real-world problem-solving activities.
Study on Sensitivity of Uncertainty Factors in Seismic Demand Analysis of Continuous Girder Bridges with Seismic Isolation Design
Authors: Wang Ruotong , Liu Meng , Wang Junjie
Published: December 2024

In order to clarify the influence of the uncertain parameters of a bridge numerical model for seismic isolation design on the calculation results of structural seismic demand and to improve the accuracy of bridge seismic isolation design, a refined numerical model of a seismic isolation continuous girder bridge was established. The uncertainty of the model parameters was sorted out at two classification levels of the seismic isolation device system and the non-isolated system, and the sensitivity of the structural parameters was systematically analyzed by using the tornado diagram and the first-order second-moment method. The uncertain factors that have a great influence on the seismic response of the bridge structure in the seismic isolation design are bulk density coefficient, bearing friction coefficient, clay ultimate resistance, damping ratio, elastic modulus, clay ultimate deformation, and isolation bearing fusing force. The impact of the seismic isolation bearing’s melting force is particularly significant during periods of low peak acceleration. It was observed that the selection results remained largely unchanged despite the consideration of the collision effect. This finding serves as a valuable reference for the design and calculation of seismic isolation measures in continuous beam bridges.
An Improved YOLOv8 Model for Strip Steel Surface Defect Detection
Authors: Wang Jinwen , Chen Ting , Xu Xinke , Zhao Longbiao , Yuan Dijian , Du Yu , Guo Xiaowei , Chen Ning
Published: December 2024

In the process of steel strip production, the accuracy of defect detection remains a challenge due to the diversity of defect types, complex backgrounds, and noise interference. To improve the effectiveness of surface defect detection in steel strips, we propose an enhanced detection model known as YOLOv8-BSPB. First, we propose a novel pooling layer module, SCRD, which replaces max pooling with average pooling. This module introduces the receptive field block (RFB) and deformable convolutional network version 4 (DCNv4) to obtain learnable offsets, allowing convolutional kernels to flexibly move and deform on the input feature map, thus, more effectively extracting multi-scale features. Second, we integrate a polarized self-attention (PSA) mechanism to improve the model’s feature representation and enhance its ability to focus on relevant information. Additionally, we incorporate the BAM attention mechanism after the C2f module to strengthen the model’s feature selection capabilities. A bidirectional feature pyramid network is introduced at the neck of the model to improve feature transmission efficiency. Finally, the WIoU loss function is employed to accelerate the model’s convergence speed and enhance regression accuracy. Experimental results on the NEU-DET dataset demonstrate that the improved model achieves a classification accuracy of 81.3%, an increase of 4.9% over the baseline, with a mean average precision of 86.9%. The model has a parameter count of 5.5 M and operates at 103.1 FPS. To validate the model’s effectiveness, we conducted tests on the Kaggle steel strip dataset and our custom dataset, where the average accuracy improved by 2.3% and 5.5%, respectively. The experimental results indicate that the model meets the requirements for real-time, lightweight, and portable deployment.
Assessment of Health Risks from Agricultural Soils Contaminated with Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Across Different Land-Use Categories of Bangladesh
Authors: Sharmin Sumaya , Wang Qingyue , Islam Md. Rezwanul , Wang Weiqian , Wang Yanyan , Enyoh Christian Ebere , Rana Md. Sohel
Published: December 2024

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a matter of deep concern as they pose significant environmental and health hazards due to their persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxic effects. In soils, PAHs accumulate, contaminating ecosystems, entering food chains, and posing threats to plant and human health. This study conducted a comprehensive assessment of PAH contamination in agricultural soils (particle size < 20 µm) across various land-use categories and depths to determine contamination levels and associated health risks, as such comprehensive studies are very rare in Bangladesh. Soil samples were investigated using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The findings revealed that the concentrations of ∑16PAH ranged from 299 to 1928 µg/kg, with the lowest levels observed in research areas and the highest in industrial soils. Concentration trends were as follows: industrial areas > coastal areas > local market areas > rural areas > research areas. Higher concentrations were noted for individual PAHs such as Nap, Phe, BbF, and BkF (313.14 µg/kg ± 62.01 to 546.97 µg/kg ± 146.76), while the lowest concentrations were recorded for BghiP, DBahA, and Ind (1.25 µg/kg ± 1.10 to 5.74 µg/kg ± 3.77). PAH levels were highest in surface soils, following a depth sequence of 0–5 cm > 5–10 cm > 10–15cm. The results also showed that low-, intermediate-, and high-molecular-weight PAHs comprised 46.06–83.18%, 16.47–48.68%, and 0.23–6.51% of total PAHs, respectively. The source of PAHs was identified as integration of pyrogenic petrogenic. Children were found to have higher exposure through ingestion compared to adults, with lower exposure through inhalation and dermal pathways. The total incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for children ranged from 2.03 × 10−8 to 9.07 × 10−7, and for adults from 1.96 × 10−8 to 8.04 × 10−7. Both groups exhibited no carcinogenic risk, as per the USEPA threshold. These findings underscore the need for ongoing monitoring and management strategies to mitigate PAH contamination in agricultural soils, thus protecting environmental and public health concerns.
Edge-Aware Dual-Task Image Watermarking Against Social Network Noise
Authors: Jiang Hao , Wang Jiahao , Yao Yuhan , Li Xingchen , Kou Feifei , Tang Xinkun , Qi Limei
Published: December 2024

In the era of widespread digital image sharing on social media platforms, deep-learning-based watermarking has shown great potential in copyright protection. To address the fundamental trade-off between the visual quality of the watermarked image and the robustness of watermark extraction, we explore the role of structural features and propose a novel edge-aware watermarking framework. Our primary innovation lies in the edge-aware secret hiding module (EASHM), which achieves adaptive watermark embedding by aligning watermarks with image structural features. To realize this, the EASHM leverages knowledge distillation from an edge detection teacher and employs a dual-task encoder that simultaneously performs edge detection and watermark embedding through maximal parameter sharing. The framework is further equipped with a social network noise simulator (SNNS) and a secret recovery module (SRM) to enhance robustness against common image noise attacks. Extensive experiments on three public datasets demonstrate that our framework achieves superior watermark imperceptibility, with PSNR and SSIM values exceeding 40.82 dB and 0.9867, respectively, while maintaining an over 99% decoding accuracy under various noise attacks, outperforming existing methods by significant margins.
Development of Comprehensive Predictive Models for Evaluating Böhme Abrasion Value (BAV) of Dimension Stones Using Non-Destructive Testing Methods
Authors: Köken Ekin
Published: December 2024

Due to the global demand for dimension stones, fast and reliable evaluation tools are essential for assessing the quality of dimension stones. For this reason, this study aims to develop comprehensive tools for estimating the abrasion resistance of various dimension stones from Turkey. Non-destructive rock properties, including dry density (ρd), water absorption by weight (wa), and pulse wave velocity (Vp), were determined to build a comprehensive database for soft computing analyses. Three predictive models were established using multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS), M5P, and artificial neural networks (ANN) methodologies. The performance of the models was assessed through scatter plots and statistical indicators, showing that the ANN-based model outperforms those based on M5P and MARS. The applicability of the models was further validated with independent data from the existing literature, confirming that all models are suitable for estimating varying Böhme abrasion values (BAVs). A MATLAB-based software tool, called Böhme abrasion calculator (v1.00), was also developed, allowing users to estimate BAV values by inputting adopted non-destructive rock properties. This tool is available upon request, supporting the dimension stone industry and fostering future research in this field.
Research on Three-Dimensional Resistivity Imaging for Non-Conventional Electrode Arrays in Restricted Exploration Area
Authors: Liu Haifei , Zhao Yingjie , Zhang Yuhao , Li Xiaoqiang , Zhu Daowei
Published: December 2024

The 3D resistivity imaging surveying is adept at identifying structural details at various subsurface depths, and it can acquire valuable underground information even in complex geological environments. This technique has been widely applied in fields such as geological exploration, hydrogeology, and environmental monitoring. Currently, the 3D electrical resistivity surveys in the field are primarily deployed using regular grid and equidistant electrode layouts. However, when the survey area is influenced by obstacles or when the target being investigated is particularly complex, this may hinder the deployment of the electrode array in accordance with a rectangular grid. In some instances, it may even be impossible to position the electrodes directly above the target of investigation. The only viable option is thus to place electrodes around obstacles or special targets. In view of this, this paper studied unconventional electrode arrays and inversion imaging techniques of 3D electrical resistivity surveying in confined areas. It presents the design of three electrode arrays: “□”-shaped, “U”-shaped, and “L”-shaped. Furthermore, the study explores 3D resistivity finite element numerical simulation and inversion imaging techniques based on continuous electrical media. Finally, model experiments were conducted to verify the feasibility of these three special electrode arrays. We have applied the “□”-shaped electrode array to investigate the foundation structure of an ancient pagoda in Zhejiang Province, achieving promising results. This study provides valuable reference for the research and application of special observation in 3D electrical resistivity exploration.
Climate Variability and Adaptation Strategies in a Pastoralist Area of the Eastern Bale Zone: The Case of Sawena District, Ethiopia
Authors: Gebbisa Mesfin Bekele , Bacsi Zsuzsanna
Published: December 2024

This study was conducted in Sawena district, located in the Eastern Bale Zone of Ethiopia, with the aim of analyzing climate variability and identifying adaptation strategies. Secondary data covering the period from 1984 to 2023 were utilized, along with structured and unstructured questionnaires. Primary data were gathered from 350 pastoralist households across six kebeles through a household survey. This study used the Mann–Kendall test, Sen’s slope estimator, the coefficient of variation, descriptive statistics, and a multivariate probit model to analyze climate variability and adaptation strategies. The Mann–Kendall test, Sen’s slope estimator, and coefficient of variation analysis results showed significant rainfall increases in September, October, and November, with high winter variability and an upward autumn trend. Temperature analysis revealed consistent warming, with the greatest increases in September (0.049 °C/year) and summer (0.038 °C/year), and an annual mean rise of 0.034 °C per year, indicating climate shifts affecting pastoralist and agro-pastoral livelihood strategies and water resources that lead the area toward vulnerability. The descriptive results indicated that pastoralist households have adopted various adaptation strategies: 45.1% participate in seasonal livestock migration, 26.3% rely on productive safety net programs, 19% pursue livelihood diversification, and 9.7% engage in agroforestry. Multivariate analysis indicates that education, age, credit access, livestock ownership, asset value, and media exposure influence these strategies. The findings highlight the importance of policies to enhance climate resilience through diversification, sustainable land management, and improved access to resources like credit and markets, alongside strengthened education and targeted extension services.
Disaster-Causing Mechanism of the Continuous Failure of Deep Foundation Pits in Tropical Water-Rich Sandy Strata
Authors: Lu Ping , Shao Zheng , Han Jiangang , Wang Ying
Published: December 2024

To investigate the mechanisms underlying the continuous failure of deep foundation pits in tropical water-rich sandy strata, this study comprehensively examines a foundation pit project in Haikou city, China. Using the PLAXIS3D 24.1 software, a three-dimensional finite element numerical model was developed. The analysis integrates design schemes, field investigations, monitoring data, and other relevant information to elucidate the mechanisms of disaster damage, such as foundation pit water inrush, floor collapse, and sidewall failure. The results indicate that the water barrier layer is the thinnest at the elevator shaft foundation pit, with a rapid shortening of seepage paths following the extraction of steel sheet piles; the seepage velocity increases by approximately 120%, leading to groundwater breaching both the water barrier and cushion layers. The inadequate length of the suspended impervious curtain in the confined aquifer results in a maximum seepage velocity at the defect site that is 40 times greater than that at other locations, facilitating groundwater influx into the foundation pit. As the excavation deepens, significant alterations occur in the groundwater seepage field at the defect location in the water-resisting curtain, with the seepage velocity increasing from 6.4 mm/day outside the pit to 78.8 mm/day inside the pit, thereby threatening the stability of the pit foundation. Additionally, construction quality defects arising from the three-axis mixing method in the silty sand layer cause a downward shift in the maximum horizontal displacement of the supporting structure, with displacement increments near the defects reaching 63%. Unreasonable emergency pumping measures can lead to floor collapses and sidewall damage. The soil in the pit significantly affects the back pressure, but it is also affected by the distance, and the increase in seepage velocity in the elevator shaft remains under 1% and does not significantly impact the damaging incident.
Patch-Based Oil Painting Forgery Detection Based on Brushstroke Analysis Using Generative Adversarial Networks and Depth Visualization
Authors: Azimi Elhamsadat , Ashtari Amirsaman , Ahn Jaehong
Published: December 2024

Art authentication has traditionally required deep expertise and knowledge of an artist’s work. Recently, computer vision algorithms have shown promise in image processing tasks; however, creating an automated model for painting authentication remains a challenge in art preservation and history. The challenge is heightened as forgers cleverly create artworks that imitate the original artist’s unique brushstroke signature while introducing new content. To address this and to emphasize the importance of the artist’s unique brushstroke signature, we present a model leveraging conditional Generative Adversarial Networks, trained on in-depth visualization of an artist’s brushstroke style. Two methods including forgery scores computation using frequency analysis and trained discriminator models are proposed to identify counterfeiting. To visualize the depth of the brushstrokes datasets, we use the Reflectance Transformation Imaging technique. We evaluate the authentication of oil paintings by a contemporary Korean artist at the level of image patches in two scenarios. First, we distinguish an original painting from its corresponding counterfeit. Second, we detect a forged painting with creative content that mimics the original brushstroke signature. Results suggest that Generative Adversarial Networks trained on in-depth information have the potential to augment traditional methods in art authentication when utilized by connoisseurs.
Numerical Study on the Effects of Boundary Layer Suction on Flow in the Sectorial Transonic Cascade Under Imitated Near-Stall Condition
Authors: Liang Ruixing , Lu Huawei , Tian Zhitao , Wang Hong , Guo Shuang
Published: December 2024

In the experimental study of a compressor’s cascade under the near-stall condition, the test bench has the disadvantages of high risk and high maintenance cost. This paper explores a method of using the inlet guide vane to imitate near-stall conditions instead of the rotor. The suction groove is set in the sectorial cascade so as to explore the aerodynamic performance of the fluid and the change in the flow field structure. Three different schemes are proposed along the suction surface, and the results indicate that the EW2 scheme, which is located behind the separation starting point and near the vortex core of the separation vortex, has the best performance. The suction groove weakens the downwash caused by the boundary layer on the upper endwall, reducing the radial dimension of the corner and suppressing separation. Suction on the upper endwall also increases the pressure difference in the radial direction of the flow passage, resulting in a slight increase in the suction-side horseshoe vortex (HSV) at the hub. An overall loss reduction of 9.4% is achieved when the suction coefficient is 46%, and the corner separation is most effectively suppressed while ensuring that the HSV at the hub only slightly increases.
3D-Printed Accessories and Auxiliaries in Orthodontic Treatment
Authors: Paľovčík Marcel , Tomášik Juraj , Zsoldos Márton , Thurzo Andrej
Published: December 2024

The integration of 3D printing has transformed orthodontics, allowing for the creation of highly customized intraoral devices that support traditional orthodontic treatments. This review examines the innovations and applications of 3D-printed accessories in orthodontics, focusing on customization, precision, and workflow improvements. In-office 3D printing enables reduced dependence on external labs, enhancing efficiency and potentially lowering costs. Key topics include material properties, biocompatibility, and clinical applications, alongside an evaluation of both successes and limitations highlighted in recent studies. Unlike prior research focused on aligners and braces, this review centers on auxiliary devices, demonstrating how 3D printing can revolutionize these less-studied accessories in orthodontics. The rise of 4D memory shape materials signals a potential breakthrough in “smart orthodontics”, where directly printed devices can adapt over time. This innovation could lead to a new era of personalized dynamic orthodontic solutions with 3D-printed auxiliaries, providing unprecedented customization and expanding the scope of orthodontic care. Further research is essential to address challenges related to durability, biocompatibility, and long-term clinical performance to optimize 3D printing’s role in orthodontic treatments.
Relational Almost (ϕ,ψ)-Contractions and Applications to Nonlinear Fredholm Integral Equations
Authors: Alamrani Fahad M. , Algehyne Ebrahem A. , Alshaban Esmail , Alatawi Adel , Mohammed Hamid I. A. , Khan Faizan Ahmad
Published: December 2024

This paper deals with the fixed-point findings under relational strict almost (ϕ,ψ)-contraction. Our findings complement and strengthen prevailing results. In the course of the procedure, we also derive a related fixed point theorem for strict almost (ϕ,ψ)-contraction. We provide several illustrative examples to support the validity of our outcomes. We also argue about the possibility of a unique solution of a nonlinear Fredholm integral equation via our outcomes.
Research on the Fast Charging Strategy of Power Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on the High Environmental Temperature in Southeast Asia
Authors: Zhang Qin , Yu Yuyang
Published: December 2024

To address the problem of excessive charging time for electric vehicles (EVs) in the high ambient temperature regions of Southeast Asia, this article proposes a rapid charging strategy based on battery state of charge (SOC) and temperature adjustment. The maximum charging capacity of the cell is exerted within different SOCs and temperature ranges. Taking a power lithium-ion battery (LIB) with a capacity of 120 Ah as the research object, a rapid charging model of the battery module was established. The battery module was cooled by means of a liquid cooling system. The combination of the fast charging strategy and the cooling strategy was employed to comprehensively analyze the restrictions of the fast charging rate imposed by the battery SOC and temperature. The results indicate that when the coolant flow rate was 12 L/min and the inlet coolant temperature was 22 °C, the liquid cooling system possessed the optimal heat exchange capacity and the lowest energy consumption. The maximum temperature (Tmax) of the battery during the charging process was 50.04 °C, and the charging time was 2634 s. To lower the Tmax of the battery during the charging process, a charging rate limit was imposed on the temperature range above 48 °C based on the original fast charging strategy. The Tmax decreased by 0.85 °C when charging with the optimized fast charging strategy.
Optimization of Ale-Type Craft Beer Through the Addition of Cañihua Malt (Chenopodium pallidicaule) and Aguaymanto Juice (Physalis peruviana) Using a D-Optimal Experimental Design
Authors: Paucar-Menacho Luz Maria , Salvador-Reyes Rebeca , Simpalo-Lopez Wilson Daniel , Lavado-Cruz Alicia , Verona-Ruiz Anggie , Campos-Rodriguez Jordy , Acosta-Coral Katherine , Castillo-Martinez Williams Esteward , López-Rodriguez William , Quezada-Berrú Soledad
Published: December 2024

The global growth of the craft beer market has driven the use of native ingredients to improve the sensorial and nutritional qualities of the product. This study investigated the optimization of an Ale-type craft beer from Pilsen malt (PM) with the addition of cañihua malt (CM) and aguaymanto juice (AJ), using a D-optimal experimental design. The independent variables were CM (5–25%) and AJ (5–15%), which influenced the physicochemical, technological, and sensorial attributes of the beer. The results show that CM and AJ improve the physicochemical properties of the beer, such as foam stability and alcohol content, while maintaining comparable levels of specific gravity, turbidity, and bitterness with the control sample. The addition of AJ significantly altered the physicochemical profile of the beer, in particular by reducing pH and increasing acidity. Sensory analysis revealed positive consumer acceptance, with favorable evaluations of aroma, appearance, and body, particularly in samples containing moderate levels of CM and AJ. In addition, consumer purchase intention was high for these formulations. Optimization through the desirability function determined that the ideal ingredient concentrations were 74.52% PM, 15.55% CM, and 8.93% AJ. Within the ranges studied, it is concluded that the addition of CM and AJ successfully produced a craft beer with notable nutritional benefits and high sensory acceptability.
Biological Functions and Clinical Significance of the ABCG1 Transporter
Authors: Kotlyarov Stanislav , Kotlyarova Anna
Published: December 2024

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a large family of proteins that transport various substances across cell membranes using energy from ATP hydrolysis. ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 1 (ABCG1) is a member of the ABCG subfamily of transporters and performs many important functions, such as the export of cholesterol and some other lipids across the membranes of various cells. Cholesterol transport is the mechanism that links metabolism and the innate immune system. Due to its lipid transport function, ABCG1 may contribute to the prevention of atherosclerosis and is involved in the functioning of the lung, pancreas, and other organs and systems. However, the full clinical significance of ABCG1 is still unknown and is a promising area for future research.
Metabolic Activity in Human Intermuscular Adipose Tissue Directs the Response of Resident PPARγ+ Macrophages to Fatty Acids
Authors: Chen Xiaoying , Schubert Sebastian Ludger , Müller Aline , Pishnamaz Miguel , Hildebrand Frank , Nourbakhsh Mahtab
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a fatty acid-binding transcription activator of the adipokine chemerin. The key role of PPARγ in adipogenesis was established by reports on adipose tissue-resident macrophages that express PPARγ. The present study examined PPARγ+ macrophages in human skeletal muscle tissues, their response to fatty acid (FA) species, and their correlations with age, obesity, adipokine expression, and an abundance of other macrophage phenotypes. Methods: An ex vivo human skeletal muscle model with surgical specimens that were maintained without or with FAs for up to 11 days was utilized. Immunofluorescence analysis was used to detect macrophage phenotypes and mitochondrial activity. Preconfigured arrays were used to detect the expression of 34 different adipokines and chemokines. Results: Data from 14 adults revealed that PPARγ+ macrophages exclusively reside in intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), and their abundance correlates with the metabolic status of surrounding adipocytes during tissue maintenance in vitro for 9–11 days. Elevated fatty acid levels lead to significant increases in PPARγ+ populations, which are correlated with the donor’s body mass index (BMI). Conclusions: PPARγ+ macrophages represent a distinctly specialized population of regulatory cells that reside within human IMATs in accordance with their metabolic status. Thus, future in-depth studies on IMAT-resident PPARγ+ macrophage action mechanisms will elucidate the role of skeletal muscle in the pathogenesis of human metabolic dysfunction.
Explainable Machine Learning-Based Approach to Identify People at Risk of Diabetes Using Physical Activity Monitoring
Authors: Cichosz Simon Lebech , Bender Clara , Hejlesen Ole
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the utilization of patterns derived from physical activity monitoring (PAM) for the identification of individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through an at-home screening approach employing machine learning techniques. Methods: Data from the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were scrutinized, focusing on the PAM component. The primary objective involved the identification of diabetes, characterized by an HbA1c ≥ 6.5% (48 mmol/mol), while the secondary objective included individuals with prediabetes, defined by an HbA1c ≥ 5.7% (39 mmol/mol). Features derived from PAM, along with age, were utilized as inputs for an XGBoost classification model. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) was employed to enhance the interpretability of the models. Results: The study included 7532 subjects with both PAM and HbA1c data. The model, which solely included PAM features, had a test dataset ROC-AUC of 0.74 (95% CI = 0.72–0.76). When integrating the PAM features with age, the model’s ROC-AUC increased to 0.79 (95% CI = 0.78–0.80) in the test dataset. When addressing the secondary target of prediabetes, the XGBoost model exhibited a test dataset ROC-AUC of 0.80 [95% CI; 0.79–0.81]. Conclusions: The objective quantification of physical activity through PAM yields valuable information that can be employed in the identification of individuals with undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes.
Study on the Vibration Isolation Mechanism of Loofah Sponge
Authors: Tian Weijun , Li Xu , Wu Xiaoli , Kong Linghua , Wang Naijing , Cao Shasha
Published: December 2024

The loofah sponge has a complex, three-dimensional, porous mesh fiber structure characterized by markedly low density and excellent vibration isolation properties. In this study, loofah sponges made from dried Luffa cylindrica were divided into two components: the core unit and the shell unit, which were further subdivided into five regions. Static compression performance tests and vibration isolation analysis were conducted on the loofah sponge and its individual parts. Scanning models of the loofah sponge were generated using the RX Solutions nano-CT system in France, and finite element analysis was performed using the ANSYS Workbench. This study focused on the vibration isolation performance of the loofah sponge, examining energy absorption and isolation, as well as the vibrational strength of its isolation performance. The goal was to explore the functions and vibration isolation mechanisms of its different components. The results demonstrated that the loofah sponge structure exhibits rigid–flexible coupling, with the coordinated action of multiple parts producing highly effective energy absorption and isolation of the vibration intensity effect. Specifically, the core unit of the loofah sponge provides the best isolation effect of axial vibration intensity, with an acceleration vibration transfer of −60 dB at 300 Hz. Furthermore, both the core and shell unit structures combine to provide multidirectional low-frequency vibration isolation. This study of the loofah sponge’s vibration isolation mechanism provides a theoretical foundation and new insights for the design of bionic low-frequency vibration isolation devices.
The Research Progress of Single-Molecule Sequencing and Its Significance in Nucleic Acid Metrology
Authors: Wang Yajun , Liu Jingjing , Wang Zhendong , Zhang Mei , Zhang Yongzhuo
Published: December 2024

Single-molecule sequencing technology, a novel method for gene sequencing, utilizes nano-sized materials to detect electrical and fluorescent signals. Compared to traditional Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing technologies, it offers significant advantages, including ultra-long read lengths, rapid sequencing, and the absence of amplification steps, making it widely applicable across various fields. By examining the development and components of single-molecule sequencing technology, it becomes clear that its unique characteristics provide new opportunities for advancing metrological traceability. Notably, its direct detection capabilities offer a novel approach to nucleic acid metrology. This paper provides a detailed overview of library construction, signal generation and detection, and data analysis methods in single-molecule sequencing and discusses its implications for nucleic acid metrology.
Research on the Instability Mechanism and Control Technology of Gob-Side Entry in Deep Mines with Soft Rock
Authors: Ma Lu , Xing Luyi , Liu Chang , Cui Tongyuan , Qiao Xi , Miao Wang , Kong Peng
Published: December 2024

The gob-side entry driving in deep mines with soft rock exhibits a complex deformation and instability mechanism. This complexity leads to challenges in roadway stability control which greatly affects the coal mine production succession and safe and efficient mining. This paper takes the gob-side entry in Liuzhuang Coal Mine as the background. By adopting the method of theoretical analysis, a dynamic model of the roof subsidence in the goaf is established. The calculation indicates that achieving the stable subsidence of the basic roof and the equilibrium of the lateral abutment stress within the goaf requires a minimum of 108.9 days, offering a theoretical foundation for selecting an optimal driving time for the gob-side entry. The control technologies and methods of gob-side entry through grouting modification and high-strength support are proposed. Enhancing the length of anchor ropes and the density of bolt (cable) support to improve the role of the roadway support components can be better utilized, so the role of the support components of the roadway can be better exerted. The method of grouting and the reinforcement of coal pillars can effectively improve the carrying capacity of coal pillars. The numerical simulation is used to analyze the deformation law of gob-side entry. The study reveals significant deformation in the coal pillar and substantial roof subsidence, highlighting that maintaining the stability of the coal pillar is crucial for ensuring roadway safety. Following the grouting process, the deformation of the coal pillar and roof subsidence decreased by 16.7% and 7.1%, respectively. This demonstrates that coal pillar grouting not only mitigates pillar deformation but also provides effective control over roof subsidence. This study offers a quantitative calculation method to ascertain the excavation time of gob-side entry, and suggests that the application of high-strength support and the practice of coal pillar grouting can effectively maintain the steadiness of gob-side entry in deep mines with soft rock.
Research on the Lateral Resistance of Column Frames in the Tang Dynasty: A Case Study of the Straight Tenon Joints Under Varied Vertical Load Levels
Authors: Gan Xiang , Kong Fanxu , Wang Ziyi , Li Xinran , Meng Tingyu , Wang Jiayang , Wang Qin , Xie Jinqiu , Que Zeli
Published: December 2024

Column frames connected using Tang Dynasty straight tenon joints represent a unique structural system characterized by historical significance and architectural ingenuity. Consequently, an experimental model, resembling the straight tenon joint style of the Tang Dynasty Foguang Temple East Hall, was constructed using two square beams (Fangs) and three columns in this study. Through low-cycle repeated load tests, hysteretic curves, stiffness degradation, energy dissipation capabilities, and certain other indicators were analyzed under four distinct vertical load levels. The results reveal that increasing the vertical load can effectively improve the fullness of the hysteresis curve and the peak restoring force of the column frame. Moreover, a pronounced pinch effect was found in the hysteretic curve of the column frame, indicating that a higher vertical load can strengthen the frame’s restoring force within a specific range of horizontal displacement, thereby maintaining its structural stability. With increasing vertical loads, the maximum restoring force and stiffness of the column frame are elevated, enhancing the structure’s energy dissipation capacity and partially mitigating its stiffness degradation. However, it is noteworthy that as the horizontal load displacement increases, higher vertical loads result in a more rapid decline in the frame’s restoring force, reducing the effectiveness of improving the energy dissipation capabilities of the column frame.
Field Test on the Application of Industrial Solid Waste in the Grouting Process of Pre-Bored Grouted Planted Pile
Authors: Ma Junjie , Gong Xiaonan , Hu Xunjian , Lei Gang , Zhang Rihong
Published: December 2024

In the installation of pre-bored grouted planted (PGP) piles and other composite pile foundations, cement is commonly used in the grouting stage. However, the cement-production process generates significant CO2 emissions, which are not favorable for achieving low-carbon societal goals. This study explores the use of industrial solid waste (mineral powder and gypsum powder) mixed with cement as a grouting material in test pile TP1, while traditional cement grout was used in test pile TP2. Both test piles were instrumented with optical fiber sensors along their shafts. The findings indicate that the ultimate load-bearing capacity of TP1 was approximately 93% of that of TP2, signifying a 7% reduction when mineral and gypsum powder were added to cement. Additionally, TP1’s peak surface friction in various soil layers ranged from 1.29 to 2.79 times that of the bored pile, whereas TP2’s peak surface friction was about 1.42 to 3.10 times higher. The cement consumption for TP1 was roughly 65% less than for TP2, and the cost of grouting materials for TP1 was reduced by 35%. This study confirms that utilizing solid waste in the grouting stage of PGP piles is feasible, and optimizing material proportions may enhance future performance.
Predicting Postoperative Lung Cancer Recurrence and Survival Using Cox Proportional Hazards Regression and Machine Learning
Authors: Pu Lucy , Dhupar Rajeev , Meng Xin
Published: December 2024

Background: Surgical resection remains the standard treatment for early-stage lung cancer. However, the recurrence rate after surgery is unacceptably high, ranging from 30% to 50%. Despite extensive efforts, accurately predicting the likelihood and timing of recurrence remains a significant challenge. This study aims to predict postoperative recurrence by identifying novel image biomarkers from preoperative chest CT scans. Methods: A cohort of 309 patients was selected from 512 non-small-cell lung cancer patients who underwent lung resection. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was employed to identify risk factors associated with recurrence and was compared with machine learning (ML) methods for predictive performance. The goal is to improve the ability to predict the risk and time of recurrence in seemingly “cured” patients, enabling personalized surveillance strategies to minimize lung cancer recurrence. Results: The Cox hazards analyses identified surgical procedure, TNM staging, lymph node involvement, body composition, and tumor characteristics as significant determinants of recurrence risk, both for local/regional and distant recurrence, as well as recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) (p < 0.05). ML models and Cox models exhibited comparable predictive performance, with an area under the receiver operative characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) ranging from 0.75 to 0.77. Conclusions: These promising findings demonstrate the feasibility of predicting postoperative lung cancer recurrence and survival time using preoperative chest CT scans. However, further validation using larger, multisite cohort is necessary to ensure robustness and facilitate integration into clinical practice for improved cancer management.
Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II (CaMKII) Regulates Basal Cardiac Pacemaker Function: Pros and Cons
Authors: Vinogradova Tatiana M. , Lakatta Edward G.
Published: December 2024

The spontaneous firing of the sinoatrial (SA) node, the physiological pacemaker of the heart, is generated within sinoatrial nodal cells (SANCs) and is regulated by a “coupled-clock” pacemaker system, which integrates a “membrane clock”, the ensemble of ion channel currents, and an intracellular “Ca2+ clock”, sarcoplasmic reticulum-generated local submembrane Ca2+ releases via ryanodine receptors. The interactions within a “coupled-clock” system are modulated by phosphorylation of surface membrane and sarcoplasmic reticulum proteins. Though the essential role of a high basal cAMP level and PKA-dependent phosphorylation for basal spontaneous SANC firing is well recognized, the role of basal CaMKII-dependent phosphorylation remains uncertain. This is a critical issue with respect to how cardiac pacemaker cells fire spontaneous action potentials. This review aspires to explain and unite apparently contradictory results of pharmacological studies in the literature that have demonstrated a fundamental role of basal CaMKII activation for basal cardiac pacemaker function, as well as studies in mice with genetic CaMKII inhibition which have been interpreted to indicate that basal spontaneous SANC firing is independent of CaMKII activation. The assessment of supporting and opposing data regarding CaMKII effects on phosphorylation of Ca2+-cycling proteins and spontaneous firing of SANC in the basal state leads to the necessary conclusion that CaMKII activity and CaMKII-dependent phosphorylation do regulate basal cardiac pacemaker function.
Synthesis of Spherical and Layered Ag-SiO2-TiO2/TiO2-Ag Structures
Authors: Buzaev Aleksander A. , Tkachuk Valerya A. , Zakharkiva Alexandra M. , Borilo Lyudmila P.
Published: December 2024

Due to the unique properties of titanium dioxide (TiO2), titanium oxide catalysts hold significant potential for photo-oxidative processes involving organic substances in liquid media. The current research has focused on developing new preparation methods that enable the manipulation of the properties, structure, and geometric shape of catalysts to enhance their efficiency in targeted reactions. This study developed a method for preparing Ag-SiO2-TiO2/TiO2-Ag layered structures with a spherical shape, featuring particle diameters ranging from 232 to 653 μm and mesopores of 2–20 nm. This was achieved by combining sol–gel and template synthesis methods. A comprehensive analysis of the obtained materials was conducted using methods such as X-ray phase analysis, micro-X-ray spectral analysis, X-ray microanalysis, and scanning electron spectroscopy. The photocatalytic properties were assessed by measuring the degree of decomposition of methyl orange in a model oxidation reaction under light radiation. The obtained spherical Ag-SiO2-TiO2/TiO2-Ag layered structures demonstrated high efficiency in the photooxidation of methyl orange in the model reaction.
Laser-Induced Graphene-Based Gas Sensor with PEDOT:PSS/Gold–Platinum Nanocomposites for Highly Sensitive Detection of Methane
Authors: Sun Jiaying , Huang Zhuoru , Zhang Xiaojing , Xiong Hangming , Yu Weijie , Mou Shimeng , Zhu Wenwu , Wan Hao
Published: December 2024

Methane is a common intestinal gas that has been linked to a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. In this study, we prepared a LIG-based electrochemical sensor modified with PEDOT:PSS/Au-Pt nanocomposites for high-sensitivity methane detection. LIG’s high porosity, flexibility, and excellent electrical conductivity are beneficial for electrochemical detection. The PEDOT:PSS film is electrodeposited on the electrode surface to amplify the signal further. The synergistic effect of bimetallic nanocomposites can improve the electrochemical catalytic activity and increase the specific surface area and the advantages of active sites. The experimental results show that the LIG sensor has a wide linear detection range (2–500 ppm), a low detection limit (about 0.36 ppm), high sensitivity, and good repeatability. The sensor is easy to manufacture, is low-cost, operates at room temperature, has high sensitivity, has a low detection limit, and is expected to be used for methane breath detection in the future.
Evaluation of Corrosion Potential Stability of Stainless Steels in Dilute Electrolyte Solution for Application to a Quasi-Reference Electrode Used in Electrochemical Sensing System
Authors: Sawada Kyosuke , Okazaki Shinji , Inaba Tatsuki , Sakuma Motohiro , Azuma Koichi
Published: December 2024

To evaluate the long term corrosion potential stability of stainless steel (SS) in environmental water, the corrosion potential of SUS304, SUS316, SUS316L, and SUS430 was measured for 1 week in a solution of 0.9 mM NaHCO3 and 0.5 mM CaCl2, referred to as “sub-tap water.” The potential of the SSs upon initial immersion in sub-tap water was approximately 10 times less stable than the potentials of Fe and Cu. However, as immersion continued, the stability of the corrosion potential of the SS improved and became equivalent to those of Fe and Cu. The stability could be manipulated by pretreatment (pre-immersion) before samples were immersed in sub-tap water. The stability was increased by pre-immersion in an acidic solution but was reduced by a passivation treatment. The formation of iron oxides on the SS surface stabilized the potential, whereas surface enrichment with Cr led to instability. This behavior can also be inferred from a comparison of the polarization curves, where the passive current after the passivation treatment was the largest. This result is also speculatively attributed to the corrosion potential in sub-tap water decreasing over time after the passivation treatment. The charge transfer resistance likely contributes significantly to the potential stability, as indicated by an equivalent circuit analysis based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results showed that, when stabilizing the corrosion potential of SS, there is no need to reduce the charge transfer resistance as with existing reference electrodes. Stability is achieved when the surface thickness is such that the pseudo-capacitance in a dilute solution is less than 10 µF sα−1cm−2 and potential stability does not influence a few changes in the CPE1 value after potential stability is achieved. The results of this study show that SS can be used as a quasi-reference electrode material. We expect the findings presented herein to strongly affect the development of electrochemical sensors that can be easily used in long term continuous measurements and in situ applications.