bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do regulators overestimate the costs of regulation?
Authors: Simpson R. David
Published: November 2014

It has occasionally been asserted that regulators typically overestimate the costs of the regulations they impose. A number of arguments have been proposed for why this might be the case. The most widely credited is that regulators fail sufficiently to appreciate the effects of innovation in reducing regulatory compliance costs. Most existing studies have found that regulators are more likely to over- than to underestimate costs. While it is difficult to develop summary statistics to aggregate the results of different studies of disparate industries, one such measure is the average of the ratio of ex ante estimates of compliance costs to ex post estimates of the same costs. This ratio is generally greater than one. In this paper I argue that neither the greater frequency of overestimates nor the fact that the average ratio of ex ante to ex post cost estimates is greater than one necessarily demonstrates that ex ante estimates are biased. There are several reasons to suppose that the distribution of compliance costs could be skewed, so that the median of the distribution would lie below the mean. It is not surprising, then, that most estimates would prove to be too high. Moreover, Jensen’s inequality implies that the expected ratio of ex ante to ex post compliance costs would be greater than one. I propose a regression-based test of the bias of ex ante compliance cost estimates, and cannot reject the hypothesis that estimates are unbiased. Failure to reject a hypothesis with limited and noisy data should not, of course, be interpreted as a strong argument to accept the hypothesis. Rather, this paper argues for the generation of more and better information. Despite the existence of a number of papers reporting ex ante and ex post compliance cost estimates, it is surprisingly difficult to get a large sample with which to make such comparisons.
El diálogo entre enunciación y género: una perspectiva desde la hispanística
Authors: Quesada Santiago del Rey
Published: November 2014

In this work we offer both a pragmatic-discursive and a genre-determined characterization of the dialogue, a polysemic term which converges the universal dimension of the concept and the historical aspect. In the field of Hispanic Studies, we establish, firstly, a link between the terms dialogue and conversation, the semantic similarity of which has often favored their synonymic use even in specialized writings. Secondly, we refer to the literary dialogue, specifically in regards to its essence as a genre which was cultivated in the European Renaissance. Related to this, we explain concepts like “orality” and “conversational fiction”, and we examine the features that characterize the dialogue as a genre. Subsequently, we present several brief historical considerations about the genre from Antiquity to Renaissance, the period in which a lot of dialogical texts began to emerge following Erasmus’ Colloquia and their translations. Finally, we discuss the connections between dialogue and argumentation.
Tensiones entre normatividad lingüística y descripción gramatical en la reciente producción gramatical de la Real Academia Española
Authors: Paredes Elena Méndez Gª de
Published: November 2014

Linguistic normativity (usually identified with notions such as prescription or language correction) is hard to match with the idea of descriptive or explanatory grammar. This is because the grammatical encoding itself is already a first stage of the regulation. However, tensions between norm and description in the Nueva gramática de la lengua española result from the academic context in which such work is compiled: Academies are socially expected to be regulative, but the linguistic ideology of the persons in charge of the codification work make it difficult for the NGLE to meet these requirements and the social expectations. Notwithstanding, it is not always possible to dodge normativity and avoid value judgment over certain uses of Spanish, though the difficulty appears when trying to reach an agreement regarding an objective way of giving regulatory orientations. This paper deals with the necessity of understanding the concepts of descriptive grammar and normative grammar as two poles in a continuum of normativity through which codification always traverses, which can vary according to the grammatical aspect in question. It also examines extensively the Nueva gramática de la lengua española, in order to find out and analyze in which parts of the descriptions “shaded” normative judgments are offered, relating these to the topics of regulation and correction which have been recurrent throughout the history of the regulation of Spanish.
‘Never seen before, and never to be seen’: Fray Francisco’s La conquista del Perú and the Royal Celebrations for Ferdinand VI
Authors: Barbón María Soledad
Published: November 2014

Since 1723, the year that the nuptials of Prince Luis Fernando with Louise Elizabeth d’Orléans were celebrated in the viceroyalty of Peru, the indigenous population of Lima had been contributing as a separate guild with its own festivities to monarchical celebrations. At the heart of these new festivities was the royal procession of twelve Incas, impersonated by local coastal lords, who paraded around the plaza mayor offering their crowns to the Spanish king in a gesture of submission. This procession of Inca kings was also performed in 1748 in honor of the proclamation of Ferdinand VI. The official festival report sent to Spain, however, suggests that the Indians of Lima had originally intended to organize a different spectacle to their new monarch, something “never seen before, and never to be seen”. I propose that the anonymous author of the report is referring to Fray Francisco del Castillo’s La conquista del Perú, a play that had been commissioned from him by the Indians specifically for the proclamation of Ferdinand VI. Based on this assumption this article analyzes the comedia and its corresponding loa against the backdrop of previous royal celebrations in Lima under the Bourbon reign and vis-à-vis the Inca Garcilaso’s Comentarios reales (1609) and Historia general del Perú (1617). I intend to show that the historical context, as well as the inter-textual relationship with Fray Francisco’s most important source, bring to the fore the potentially dangerous ambiguities of the play and allow a hypothesis to be put forward that may explain why neither loa nor comedia were performed in 1748.
La mise en place de la philologie et de la linguistique romanes dans l’Allemagne du 19e siècle
Authors: Francois Jacques
Published: November 2014

The outstanding evolution of Romance linguistics from Lorenz Diefenbach’s first comparative morphological study (1831) to the Grundriss der romanischen Philologie (1904), edited by Gustav Gröber, can be explained by four factors: (1) the amount of “linguistic monuments” inventoried from the 16th century onwards, (2) the adherence of all German Romance scholars, first of all Friedrich Diez, to the principles of comparative historical linguistics as initiated by Bopp and Grimm, (3) the establishment of comparative Indo- European, German, Romance and Slavic linguistics at German universities, and (4) the early emancipation of linguistics from philology in Germany. Despite Gaston Paris and Graziadio Ascoli, neither French nor Italian Romance scholars where able to compete with the German (including Austrian and Swiss) researchers. Moreover, between the first and the second comparative enterprises which combined historical grammar and etymological lexicography, respectively by Friedrich Diez and Wilhelm Meyer-Lübke, the work of Hugo Schuchardt on Romance dialectology and creolistics opened up the field of geolinguistics as developed by the Swiss Jules Gilliéron.
Le genre grammatical en français : approche basée sur l’usage
Authors: Jeanmaire Guillaume
Published: November 2014

Apart from the “good French” set by normative grammar, there is the “French” which native speakers unconsciously acquire by ear, resorting to acquisition processes employed by L1 that intuitively apply clues which are at the same time contextual, graphophonic, morphologic and semantic. Our approach is based on the feminine mark, which is the “final” -e. We propose a distribution of gender based on the graphophonic and morphophonologic appearance of the nouns and present a maximal systemization of principles governing distribution based on the morphophonologic rule of Cassal (1876). We show, by scanning through different varieties and modes, how innovations (vacillating) spread in a “historical language” (written / spoken) and eventually gain acceptance in the “exemplary” “standard” (the “good” usage). The “exemplary” “standard” therefore follows the evolution of language, and, in time, the “exemplary” variety (usage, “standard”) follows that which is common in popular usage (variety, “standard”).
Urbane Jagdgesellschaft. Zur Hetzjagd (chasse à courre) als Inszenierungsmuster bürgerlicher Ambition im Stadtroman des 19. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Traninger Anita
Published: November 2014

When the royal privilege of hunting was abolished in the wake of the French Revolution, a host of manuals and introductory primers soon emerged that instructed the bourgeois novices, eager to make sense of the arcane practices and gnostic terminology behind the hunt, in the rules of the pursuit. Evidence of the complexity of this culture abounds in the vast body of literature consulted by Flaubert for his Légende de saint Julien l’Hospitalier. Yet despite its new accessibility to the bourgeoisie, hunting continued to be firmly associated with aristocratic prestige. At the same time, it is precisely the raw yet controlled desire that underwrites the pack of dogs’ chase of deer or boar that emblematically captures the nature of bourgeois aspiration. In this article, I show how hunting provided, both literally and metaphorically, a pattern for the narration of bourgeois ambition in urban settings, which is demonstrated with a view to Zola’s novels La Curée and Son Excellence Eugène Rougon.
Spanish slurs and stereotypes for Mexican-Americans in the USA: A context-sensitive account of derogation and appropriation
Authors: Croom Adam M.
Published: November 2014

Slurs such as spic, slut, wetback, and whore are linguistic expressions that are primarily understood to derogate certain group members on the basis of their descriptive attributes (such as their race or sex) and expressions of this kind have been considered to pack some of the nastiest punches natural language affords. Although prior scholarship on slurs has uncovered several important facts concerning their meaning and use –including that slurs are potentially offensive, are felicitously applied towards some targets yet not others, and are often flexibly used not only derogatorily to convey offense towards out-group members but also non-derogatorily to convey affiliation with in-group members– the literature remains largely focused on slurs that typically target African Americans (nigger), male homosexuals (faggot), and sexually active females (slut). Since no account of slurs that typically target Hispanics or Mexican-Americans has so far been proposed, here I offer the first systematic and empirically informed analysis of these that accounts for both their derogatory and appropriative use. Importantly, this article reviews over a dozen Spanish stereotypes and slurs and explains how the descriptive attributes involved in a stereotype associated with a slur can contribute to the predication of certain content in the application of that slur toward its target in context. This article further explains how the psychological effects of stereotype threat and stereotype lift can be initiated through the application of a relevant slur towards its target in context as well.
Schnelle Materialanalyse mit Lasern
Authors: Beresko Christian , Dietz Thomas , Kohns Peter , Ankerhold Georg
Published: November 2014

Laseroptische Verfahren zur schnellen berührungsfreien Materialanalyse
besitzen ein breites industrielles Anwendungsspektrum. Wir zeigen an
ausgewählten Beispielen die Möglichkeiten der laserinduzierten
Plasmaspektroskopie zur dreidimensionalen Elementanalyse (3D-LIBS) und
beschreiben interessante Anwendungsfelder der Raman-Spektroskopie zur
Identifikation molekularer Strukturen organischer und anorganischer
Verbindungen.
Laserbasierte On-line-Analyse von Biogasen mit einer Raman-Sonde
Authors: Schlüter Sebastian , Seeger Thomas , Popovska-Leipertz Nadejda , Leipertz Alfred
Published: November 2014

Die Zusammensetzung von Rohbiogas unterliegt prozessbedingt
Fluktuationen, die nachgelagerte Prozesse störend beeinflussen können. In
dieser Studie wird ein brenngasunabhängiges, auf den Grundlagen der linearen
Raman-Streuung basierendes Messsystem vorgestellt, das in der Lage ist, bei
geringem Gasdruck alle relevanten Biogaskomponenten innerhalb einer kurzen
Messzeit zu identifizieren und deren Konzentration hochgenau und präzise zu
bestimmen.
Super-Photolumineszenz-Effekte in GaN-Schichten bei erhöhter Temperatur
Authors: Prall Christoph , Noevermann Ingo , Rueter Dirk
Published: November 2014

LEDs gelten als umweltfreundliche Beleuchtungstechnik. Für die
Massenanwendung arbeiten die LED-Hersteller an einer Senkung der
Kosten bzw. einer Erhöhung der Ausbeute, insbesondere bei der
aufwendigen LED-Kristallbeschichtung auf den Wafern. Während der
Beschichtung (MOCVD) werden optische In-situ-Messgeräte zur
Überwachung des Prozesses genutzt. Die hier vorgestellte Untersuchung
beschäftigt sich mit dem Einfluss von Super-Photolumineszenz-Effekten
bei einer möglichen In-situ-Prozesskontrolle in der MOCVD.
Lack of utility of SDHB mutation testing in adrenergic metastatic phaeochromocytoma
Authors: Sue Mariko , Martucci Victoria , Frey Florina , Lenders Jacques W M , Timmers Henri J , Pęczkowska Mariola , Prejbisz Aleksander , Swantje Brede , Bornstein Stefan R , Arlt Wiebke , Fassnacht Martin , Beuschlein Felix , Robledo Mercedes , Pacak Karel , Eisenhofer Graeme
Published: November 2014

Objective

Testing for succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) mutations is recommended in all patients with metastatic phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs), but may not be required when metastatic disease is accompanied by adrenaline production. This retrospective cohort study aimed to establish the prevalence of SDHB mutations among patients with metastatic PPGLs, characterised by production of adrenaline compared with those without production of adrenaline, and to establish genotype–phenotype features of metastatic PPGLs according to underlying gene mutations.

Design and methods

Presence of SDHB mutations or deletions was tested in 205 patients (114 males) aged 42±16 years (range 9–86 years) at diagnosis of metastatic PPGLs with and without adrenaline production.

Results

Twenty-three of the 205 patients (11%) with metastatic PPGLs had disease characterised by production of adrenaline, as defined by increased plasma concentrations of metanephrine larger than 5% of the combined increase in both normetanephrine and metanephrine. None of these 23 patients had SDHB mutations. Of the other 182 patients with no tumoural adrenaline production, 51% had SDHB mutations. Metastases in bone were 36–41% more prevalent among patients with SDHB mutations or extra-adrenal primary tumours than those without mutations or with adrenal primary tumours. Liver metastases were 81% more prevalent among patients with adrenal than extra-adrenal primary tumours.

Conclusion

SDHB mutation testing has no utility among patients with adrenaline-producing metastatic PPGLs, but is indicated in other patients with metastatic disease. Our study also reveals novel associations of metastatic spread with primary tumour location and presence of SDHB mutations.
The agreement between 3D, standard 2D and triplane 2D speckle tracking: effects of image quality and 3D volume rate
Authors: Trache Tudor , Stöbe Stephan , Tarr Adrienn , Pfeiffer Dietrich , Hagendorff Andreas
Published: November 2014

Comparison of 3D and 2D speckle tracking performed on standard 2D and triplane 2D datasets of normal and pathological left ventricular (LV) wall-motion patterns with a focus on the effect that 3D volume rate (3DVR), image quality and tracking artifacts have on the agreement between 2D and 3D speckle tracking. 37 patients with normal LV function and 18 patients with ischaemic wall-motion abnormalities underwent 2D and 3D echocardiography, followed by offline speckle tracking measurements. The values of 3D global, regional and segmental strain were compared with the standard 2D and triplane 2D strain values. Correlation analysis with the LV ejection fraction (LVEF) was also performed. The 3D and 2D global strain values correlated good in both normally and abnormally contracting hearts, though systematic differences between the two methods were observed. Of the 3D strain parameters, the area strain showed the best correlation with the LVEF. The numerical agreement of 3D and 2D analyses varied significantly with the volume rate and image quality of the 3D datasets. The highest correlation between 2D and 3D peak systolic strain values was found between 3D area and standard 2D longitudinal strain. Regional wall-motion abnormalities were similarly detected by 2D and 3D speckle tracking. 2DST of triplane datasets showed similar results to those of conventional 2D datasets. 2D and 3D speckle tracking similarly detect normal and pathological wall-motion patterns. Limited image quality has a significant impact on the agreement between 3D and 2D numerical strain values.
The ‘Inextricabilis Syndrome’: a case with no solution
Authors: Khachatryan Tigran , Beigel Roy , Arsanjani Reza , Siegel Robert J
Published: November 2014

We describe a case of a 58-year-old man with cardiogenic shock who underwent triple vessel coronary artery bypass and a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. His course was complicated by stroke, worsening mitral regurgitation, aortic regurgitation, and multiple cardiac thrombi while on the device. We provide the details of the patient's hospital course, management, and echocardiographic findings. We also discuss the utility of echocardiography before LVAD insertion and its role for continued monitoring after insertion.

Learning points

Ventricular assist devices (VADs) are used as bridge to decision, transplant, recovery, or destination therapy in patients with advanced heart failure and cardiogenic shock.

VADs improve survival and the quality of life but have significant associated complications.

Echocardiography plays an essential role before VAD insertion and for postoperative cardiac monitoring. Information provided by echocardiography is used in device selection, consideration for corrective surgical interventions, and device explantation.
Liver immune responses to inflammatory stimuli in a diet-induced obesity model of zebrafish
Authors: Forn-Cuní Gabriel , Varela Monica , Fernández-Rodríguez Conrado M , Figueras Antonio , Novoa Beatriz
Published: November 2014

Obesity- and metabolic syndrome-related diseases are becoming important medical challenges for the western world. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a manifestation of these altered conditions in the liver, and inflammation appears to be a factor that is tightly connected to its evolution. In this study, we used a diet-induced obesity approach in zebrafish (Danio rerio) based on overfeeding to analyze liver transcriptomic modulation in the disease and to determine how obesity affects the immune response against an acute inflammatory stimulus such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Overfed zebrafish developed an obese phenotype, showed signs of liver steatosis, and its modulation profile resembled that observed in humans, with overexpression oftac4,col4a3,col4a5, lysyl oxidases, and genes involved in retinoid metabolism. In response to LPS, healthy fish exhibited a typical host defense reaction comparable to that which occurs in mammals, whereas there was no significant gene modulation when comparing expression in the liver of LPS-stimulated and non-stimulated obese zebrafish at the same statistical level. The stimulation of obese fish represents a double-hit to the already damaged liver and can help understand the evolution of the disease. Finally, a comparison of the differential gene activation between stimulated healthy and obese zebrafish revealed the expected difference in the metabolic state between healthy and diseased liver. The differentially modulated genes are currently being studied as putative new pathological markers in NAFLD-stimulated liver in humans.
Effect of Preparation Conditions on Cellulose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber
Authors: Ching Yern Chee , Ng Tuck Sean
Published: November 2014

The effects of chlorite bleaching on the properties of cellulose derived from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fiber were investigated in this work. Cellulose was extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber via chlorite bleaching, alkali treatment, and acid hydrolysis. Cellulose was extracted by varying the bleaching duration, which corresponded to 4, 8, or 12 h. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed that the lignin and hemicellulose were significant removed after the bleaching process, whereas no spectral differences were observed in the samples with the increase of bleaching durations. The main removal of the lignin and hemicellulose components had occurred during the bleaching process. There was only slight additional removal of lignin and hemicellulose during the further extraction process with alkali and acid hydrolysis. The peaks at 1740 cm-1 and 1246 cm-1 which represent hemicellulose and lignin, respectively, were not present in the final extracted cellulose. The cellulose yield contents did not increase with the increasing of bleaching duration from 4 h to 12 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the crystallinity and the 200 peak of OPEFB had increased after the bleaching process. Analysis of the visible light transmittance of cellulose, after a bleaching duration of 12 h, demonstrated the highest transmittance due to the disintegration of the fibers. By increasing the bleaching duration, the temperature at 50% weight loss of OPEFB increased, suggesting that the thermal stability of cellulose had improved.
Miejsce Samoobrony RP w typologii partii politycznych
Authors: Lisiakiewicz Rafał
Published: November 2014

Samoobrona RP (Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland), headed by its charismatic leader, Andrzej Lepper, was one of the most interesting parties on the Polish political scene throughout the first decade of the 21st century. Its success and ultimate collapse can be attributed to the political situation in Poland, the party’s unique political appeal and the way it conducted itself – all factors that make it difficult to classify the party. In this article the author shines a light on the fundamental problems concerning the typology of Samoobrona RP
Zagrożenie bezpieczeństwa i porządku publicznego działaniami w cyberprzestrzeni jako przesłanka wprowadzenia stanów nadzwyczajnych ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem bezpieczeństwa finansowego
Authors: Frańczuk Magdalena
Published: November 2014

This paper outlines issues related to the possibility of introducing one of the states of emergency specified by the Polish Constitution in response to cyber activity and cyber attacks that threaten public safety and security. To examine the issue, the definition of cyberspace is analysed. The author also highlights the danger of the cyberspace threat in today’s globalised world. In this context, both national and international regulations are discussed. The paper also focuses on the concept of financial security in the country. Because the term “financial security” is not defined explicitly in either the Constitution or subordinate legislation, an attempt is made to produce an appropriate definition. Cyber operations and cyber attacks that may cause a direct threat to a country’s financial system, ultimately posing a threat to the financial security of citizens, are of particular interest.
Podmioty odpowiedzialne za ponoszenie wydatków i ciężarów na nieruchomość wspólną we wspólnotach mieszkaniowych i spółdzielniach mieszkaniowych
Authors: Kaźmierczyk Aneta
Published: November 2014

The purpose of this article is to analyse the class of persons liable for paying the cost of the common property in community housing and housing cooperatives. The first part of the article looks at the source of the obligation to bear the cost of common property by its owners. The outline also presents the types of these costs. The next section presents the regulations outlining the entities responsible for paying the cost of common property. Due to difficulties in interpreting the group of entities, the issue of the difference between contract lending for use and precarium relationships were subject to analysis.
Funkcje zamówień publicznych – organ administracji jako „inteligentny klient”
Authors: Piotrowska Aldona
Published: November 2014

Administrative functions make up a particular type of system that fulfills a creative role with regard to social relations. The changing perspective on the functions of the state has meant that public procurement can perform a variety of functions. Analysis of legal standards, jurisprudence, and European Commission recommendations shows that the following public procurement functions are performed:– economic functions – orders are rational and public funds are used efficiently;– social functions – serve to realise social objectives, shape the social order and civicsociety;– eco-friendly functions – are used to achieve environmental goals;– innovation functions – serve pro-innovation objectives (especially pre-commercial procurement).The main goal of public procurement is to optimally use public funds. To make that happen, the administration should act as a „smart client” and use a variety of public procurement functions.
A New Conception of Information Literacy for the Digital Environment in Higher Education
Authors: Markless Sharon
Published: November 2014

This paper outlines the author’s intellectual journey towards a deeper understanding of the nature of information literacy and how IL learning can be supported. This work was stimulated by a consultancy in one UK university to recommend an appropriate IL framework for use on their VLE. The journey described here considers relevant principles of learning, the place of student reflection in IL learning, what IL in HE should encompass, the importance of context in developing IL, and the influence of the digital environment, especially Web 2.0. The main features of existing IL frameworks in HE are critiqued. A new IL framework is then offered along with a rationale for its appearance and use. The conclusion looks forward to continuing development of the ideas covered here.
Uncertainty Dimensions of Information Behaviour in a Group Based Problem Solving Context
Authors: Hyldegård Jette
Published: November 2014

This paper presents a study of uncertainty dimensions of information behaviour in a group based problem solving context. After a presentation of the cognitive uncertainty dimension underlying Kuhlthau’s ISP-model, uncertainty factors associated with personality, the work task situation and social settings are introduced. These different dimensions of uncertainty are explored in a longitudinal case study of three groups of LIS students (two groups with tree females and one group with three females and one male) while they were preparing a project assignment. It is explored to what extent group members’ experiences of uncertainty differ from the individual information seeker in Kuhlthau’s ISP-model, and how this experience may be related to personal, work task and social factors. A number of methods have been employed to collect data on each group member during the assignment process: a demographic survey, a personality test, 3 process surveys, 3 diaries and 3 interviews. It was found that group members’ experiences of uncertainty did not correspond with the ISP-model in that other factors beyond the mere information searching process seemed to intermingle with the complex process of knowledge construction and meaning making. Personal factors and work task factors also caused manifestations of uncertainty, though under strong influence from social factors like familiarity with other group members and the group work process. It is concluded that the uncertainty concept is a multi-dimensional phenomenon, which should not be studied out of context. On the other hand, this complexity of the uncertainty concept also represents a methodological and practical challenge to the researcher as well as the practioner.
The reflective information literacy educator
Authors: Whitworth Andrew
Published: November 2014

The shift in perception, from librarians as providers of information to librarians as educators in the effective use of information, requires the profession to become aware of differing approaches to the development of teaching and of the professional consciousness of educators: also of the way certain forms of teaching and CPD are privileged over others within higher education institutions, and why. This paper reports on and synthesises a range of theoretical works in this area, to explain how becoming an effective information literacy educator requires not just an awareness of practice, but developing it, through a continous interaction between theory and practice. The librarian-as-educator must engage in professional development practices which, ultimately, require the continuous questioning of the very foundations of IL, and work actively towards raising awareness of these processes throughout their institutions.
Changing anatomies of Information Literacy at the postgraduate level: refinements of models and shifts in assessment
Authors: Spiranec Sonja , Banek Zorica Mihaela
Published: November 2014

In this paper fundamental principles that might inform an approach to Information Literacy (IL) on the postgraduate level will be identified. Those are based on following premises:the aims of postgraduate/doctoral studies are different in comparison to earlier educational levels and face specific challenges due to the heterogeneity of student populationsIL frameworks have  to acknowledge and address this challenge by  adjusting to specific needs of postgraduate students who operate in new information realmsnew modes of assessment are needed as a result of revolutionary changes in information landscapes and patterns of generation and use of scientific informationTeaching students in the scientific method and culture has long been recognized as the major focus of postgraduate education, an important precondition for research practices is the adequate performance in the realm of information handling and information management, i.e., information literacy. IL on postgraduate levels has a strong focus on the universe of scientific information, which itself went through tremendous changes in the last decade, particularly as a result of the appearance of the Web 2.0 (e.g. Science 2.0, Research 2.0). Such profound changes suggest renewed conceptions and focal points of IL at the postgraduate level which will take into account the fluid nature of current information environments. After discussing changes in information landscapes brought about the Web 2.0 and examining transformed premises of scientific work within such environments, the authors will plea for re-conceptualizations of IL on the postgraduate level and propose new principles of IL frameworks and modes of assessment that will recognize this transformation.
The SEA-change Model in Information Literacy: Assessing Information Literacy Development with Reflective Writing
Authors: Sen Barbara Anne , McKinney Pamela
Published: November 2014

Reflective writing is a key professional skill, and the University of Sheffield Information School seeks to develop this skill in our students through the use of reflective assessments. Reflection has been used as a means of supporting Information Literacy development in the Higher Education context and recent pedagogical IL frameworks highlight the important role of reflection. This paper presents an analysis of Undergraduate students’ reflective writing on one module. The writing is mapped against two models of reflection to understand the nature and depth of the students’ reflection and through this understand their Information literacy development, with the overall aim of improving the teaching and learning experience for the future. Key findings are that students did reflect deeply and identified a number of ways in which they felt their IL had developed (e.g. developing a knowledge of specialist sources), ways they could have improved their information literacy practices (e.g. through storing information in a more organised fashion), and ways that we could improve our teaching (e.g. by providing appropriate scaffolding for the activities).
The Changing Role of Digital Tools and Academic Libraries in Scholarly Workflows: A Review
Authors: Favaro Sharon , Hoadley Christopher
Published: November 2014

In this paper, we review the literature on how information literacies are manifested in scholarly workflows for undergraduates, graduate students, and scholars, and the need to support integrating library resources into their knowledge practices, and how available tools support their needs. We argue that research is needed on how libraries and digital tools both support, and indeed teach, knowledge-building practices across the entire lifecycle of knowledge. Finally, we advocate for studying researcher and student workflows as a way to both improve the tools we make available, and more importantly, to inform us on the role(s) libraries can play in the shifting practices of research in an information-rich world.
A Tese da Singularidade Brasileira Revisitada: Desafios Teóricos Contemporâneos
Authors: Tavolaro Sergio B. F.
Published: November 2014

A tese da singularidade brasileiraé a ideia-força mais penetrante do pensamento social brasileiro. Como nenhuma outra, ela tem logrado circunscrever e orientar a agenda de reflexão e pesquisa acerca da experiência social no país. Vislumbrada como singular em relação a outras, a sociedade brasileira é tornada uma categoria analítica e, na mesma proporção, em um objeto de investigação privilegiado, merecedor de esforços explicativos e interpretativos específicos. Por meio de uma análise de alguns dos mais célebres exercícios de interpretação do Brasil, o presente artigo pretende revisitar essa tese, interpelando-a em algumas de suas principais manifestações, com o propósito inicial de identificar os elementos que a consubstanciam. Almeja, em segundo lugar, avaliar como ela reage aos crescentes desafios lançados contra o discurso sociológico da modernidade por elaborações teóricas contemporâneas, dentre as quais o debate em torno da modernidade global, das modernidades múltiplas, da condição pós-colonial e da decolonialidade do saber/poder.
Estrutura Social e Segregação em São Paulo: Transformações na Década de 2000
Authors: Marques Eduardo
Published: November 2014

Este artigo investiga as transformações da segregação residencial em São Paulo na década de 2000. O trabalho analisa classes sociais geradas a partir da classificação ocupacional EGP, de forma a testar hipóteses presentes sobre a dinâmica recente de classes e espaços. Os dados mostram que a metrópole paulistana continua intensamente segregada e estruturada em torno de um claro padrão de evitação entre grupos sociais posicionados nos polos da estrutura social. Entretanto, embora as transformações dos anos 2000 tenham trazido maior exclusividade às áreas habitadas pelas elites, tenderam a aumentar a heterogeneidade no restante da cidade, contribuindo para maior mistura social nos espaços intermediários e nas periferias.
O Momento do Político: Evento, Indecidibilidade e Decisão
Authors: Mendonça Daniel de
Published: November 2014

A ruptura de práticas ou de regimes políticos é assunto comumente presente nas teorias políticas pós-estruturalistas. Rupturas são entendidas como eventos ou deslocamentos que alteram substancialmente estruturas, pois marcam o limite da manutenção de ordens políticas. Contudo, momentos de ruptura (ou de crise) não devem ser tratados como necessariamente negativos, mas como possibilidades de mudanças importantes. São características ontológicas do político, ou seja, não há ordem que se assente numa base última, imutável. Toda ordem é sempre contingente, precária e resultado de um processo hegemônico, de uma decisão, um ato eminentemente político tomado num campo indecidível. Tendo em vista principalmente as obras de Badiou, Laclau e Rancière este trabalho fará uma incursão teórica para marcar o momento em que estruturas políticas são postas em xeque a partir de eventos de ruptura.
Violência no trabalho em saúde: a experiência de servidores estaduais da saúde no Estado da Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Silva Iracema Viterbo , Aquino Estela M. L. , Pinto Isabela Cardoso de Matos
Published: November 2014

Este estudo teve por objetivo estimar a prevalência de violência autorreferida no trabalho em saúde. Estudo transversal realizado com uma amostra de 679 servidores estaduais (Bahia, Brasil), por meio de entrevistas face a face e uso de questionário. Dos entrevistados, 25,9% (IC95%: 22,6%-29,2%) referiram pelo menos uma das modalidades de violência investigadas, sendo a agressão verbal (19,4%) a mais frequente. As mulheres na faixa etária de 25 a 39 anos apresentaram um acréscimo de 80% na ocorrência de violência em relação às mais velhas (OR = 1,8; IC95%: 1,1-3,0), enquanto que as médicas também foram as mais atingidas (OR = 2,5; IC95%: 1,2-12,5). Entre os homens, ter de 25 a 39 anos (OR = 3,9; IC95%: 1,9-16,4) e trabalhar como auxiliar ou técnico em enfermagem (RP = 3,9; IC95%: 1,1-13,2) aumentou quase quatro vezes a ocorrência de violência no trabalho em saúde. Este estudo pode trazer contribuições importantes para a visibilidade da violência no setor saúde e fornecer subsídios para a formulação de políticas de atenção aos trabalhadores com repercussão na qualidade do atendimento prestado à população.
Body composition assessment using DXA in six-year-old children: the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
Authors: Zanini Roberta V. , Santos Iná S. , Gigante Denise P. , Matijasevich Alicia , Barros Fernando C. , Barros Aluísio J. D.
Published: November 2014

The aim of this study was to describe fat (FM) and lean body mass (LBM) in six-year-old children from the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort, stratified by gender. Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry was used to measure FM and LBM, FM and LBM indexes, and percentage (%) of FM and LBM. Mean measures of adiposity were higher among girls (6.3kg, 4.2kg/m2 and 23.4% vs. 5kg, 3.3kg/m2 and 18%) while LBM measures were higher among boys (19.3kg, 13kg/m2 and 78.5% vs. 17.7kg, 12.2kg/m2 and 73.2%). In both boys and girls mean measures of adiposity increased with socioeconomic status and maternal education. Mean measures of adiposity were higher among white-skinned children while %LBM was higher among black-skinned children. Preterm compared to full-term children showed lower mean measures of adiposity and LBM. Female sex, white skin color and higher socioeconomic conditions are associated with higher adiposity in childhood.
Mapping of capacities for research on health and its social determinants in Brazil
Authors: Borde Elis , Akerman Marco , Pellegrini Filho Alberto
Published: November 2014

This article describes tendencies in research on social determinants of health (SDH) and health inequities in Brazil (2005-2012) and maps research system structures to analyze capacities for research on health and its social determinants. Brazil has a strong national research system and counts on a wealth of research in the field of SDH drawing on a long tradition of research and political commitment in this area. While innovative strategies seeking to strengthen the links between research, policy and practice have been developed, the impact of SDH research continues to be largely restricted to the academic community with notable but still insufficient repercussions on public policy and the social determinants of health inequities. SDH research in Brazil will therefore need to become even more responsive to social urgencies and better attuned to political processes, enhancing its capacity to influence strategic policy decisions affecting health inequities and mobilize strategic agendas for health equity.
"Antes e depois da LMC": experiências e dimensões da leucemia mieloide crônica como uma ruptura biográfica
Authors: López Yeimi Alexandra Alzate , Trad Leny Alves Bonfim
Published: November 2014

O artigo analisa as experiências de enfermidade de pacientes com leucemia mieloide crônica (LMC), centrando nas dimensões que apontam a chegada da doença como uma ruptura biográfica. Este estudo qualitativo baseou-se na análise das narrativas de seis pacientes, com idades entre 23 e 62 anos, usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e pacientes de um hospital – centro de referência em atenção hematológica na cidade de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Nos resultados apresenta-se a experiência de ruptura com base em três categorias (1) os significados da doença e a LMC como ameaça; (2) rupturas físicas, sociais e as experiências estigmatizantes; (3) a percepção de um “antes” e um “depois” da LMC, apontando para as mudanças no self, nas relações sociais e na vida cotidiana. Concluiu-se que os impactos biográficos, sociais e dos sistemas de saúde (considerando o custo das medicações) atualizam e ampliam questões como o acesso a tratamentos, assim como o enfrentamento do certo e do incerto, em que o “conhecido” da LMC encontra-se pouco acessível ao estoque de conhecimento da vida cotidiana.
"Carne crua e torrada": a experiência do sofrimento de ser queimada em mulheres nordestinas, Brasil
Authors: Arruda Cristiani Nobre de , Braide Andrea Stopglia Guedes , Nations Marilyn
Published: November 2014

No Nordeste brasileiro, a morte por fogo é uma ameaça onipresente e banalizada entre mulheres empobrecidas. Este estudo antropológico descreve a experiência do sofrimento de ser queimada. Em 2009, foram investigados seis casos “ricos em informação” no Centro de Queimados, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Entrevistas etnográficas abertas com informantes-chave, narrativas de experiências vividas e observação participante na clínica e no domicílio foram realizadas. Utilizamos os métodos Análise de Conteúdo, Sistemas de Signos, Significados e Ações e Interpretação Semântica Contextualizada. Revelou-se que as metáforas emergentes são carregadas de significância cultural da “monstruosidade” e da violência de gênero pelo fogo – inscrita impiedosamente no corpo feminino. O “acidente por combustível” (álcool) esconde a cruel realidade de “carne crua e torrada”. A cicatriz é capaz de desfigurá-las em “não-pessoas”, maculando sua reputação moral e gerando a rejeição social. No Nordeste brasileiro, a vulnerabilidade social provocada pela sequela da queimadura exige uma política de humanização do cuidado.
Avaliação dos sistemas de informações sobre nascidos vivos e óbitos no Brasil na década de 2000
Authors: Frias Paulo Germano de , Szwarcwald Célia Landmann , Lira Pedro Israel Cabral de
Published: November 2014

Resumo No Nordeste brasileiro, a morte por fogo é uma ameaça onipresente e banalizada entre mulheres empobrecidas. Este estudo antropológico descreve a experiência do sofrimento de ser queimada. Em 2009, foram investigados seis casos “ricos em informação” no Centro de Queimados, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Entrevistas etnográficas abertas com informantes-chave, narrativas de experiências vividas e observação participante na clínica e no domicílio foram realizadas. Utilizamos os métodos Análise de Conteúdo, Sistemas de Signos, Significados e Ações e Interpretação Semântica Contextualizada. Revelou-se que as metáforas emergentes são carregadas de significância cultural da “monstruosidade” e da violência de gênero pelo fogo – inscrita impiedosamente no corpo feminino. O “acidente por combustível” (álcool) esconde a cruel realidade de “carne crua e torrada”. A cicatriz é capaz de desfigurá-las em “não-pessoas”, maculando sua reputação moral e gerando a rejeição social. No Nordeste brasileiro, a vulnerabilidade social provocada pela sequela da queimadura exige uma política de humanização do cuidado.
Determination and forecast of agricultural land prices
Authors: Reydon Bastiaan Philip , Plata Ludwig Einstein Agurto , Sparovek Gerd , Goldszmidt Rafael Guilherme Burstein , Telles Tiago Santos
Published: November 2014

The aim of this study is to discuss and apply hedonic methodology for the determination and forecast of land prices in specific markets. This is important due to the fact that there is no official or reliable information in Brazil on current prices in land market transactions. This hedonic price methodology uses a multiple regression model which has, as an explanatory variable, the price per hectare and independent variables related to physical attributes (soil, climate and terrain), production (systems of production, location, access), infrastructure of the property and expectations (regional scenario, local investments). Application of the methodology to a Homogeneous Zone of the state of Maranhão, in Brazil, generated a parsimonious model, in which five independent variables were responsible for 70% of the variance in the price of agricultural land.
Os determinantes da inflação brasileira recente: estimações utilizando redes neurais
Authors: Summa Ricardo Figueiredo , Macrini Leonardo
Published: November 2014

O presente artigo busca avaliar os determinantes da inflação brasileira recente, mais especificamente a partir de 1999, quando é instituído o Sistema de Metas de Inflação (SMI). Utilizando um modelo de Redes Neurais, avaliamos: (1) se as pressões de demanda, medidas pelo hiato do produto e do desemprego, têm impacto claro e sistemático sobre a inflação; (2) se a "inflação importada", incluindo a inflação dos produtos transacionáveis em dólares e a variação da taxa de câmbio nominal, exerce influência significativa sobre a inflação; e (3) se o canal de custo da taxa de juros se verifica empiricamente no caso brasileiro. Concluímos que os impactos mais relevantes sobre a inflação brasileira, nesse período estudado, vêm da inércia inflacionária, da "inflação importada" e da variação da taxa básica nominal de juros.
Efeitos da crise financeira de 2008 sobre o desemprego nas regiões metropolitanas brasileiras
Authors: Silva Fábio José Ferreira da , Fonseca Neto Fernando de Aquino
Published: November 2014

O artigo analisa os desdobramentos da crise do subprimesobre o desemprego nas regiões metropolitanas brasileiras pesquisadas pela Pesquisa Mensal do Emprego (PME/IBGE). A metodologia utilizada, de decomposição da variação do desemprego em contribuições da oferta e demanda por mão de obra, indica que os reflexos da crise não devem ser entendidos como brandos, como se poderia supor pela elevação aparentemente modesta da taxa de desemprego. Encontramos que a retração da demanda por mão de obra foi a mais intensa registrada com os dados da atual metodologia da pesquisa, que se inicia em março de 2002. A elevação do desemprego foi contida pela desaceleração da oferta de mão de obra, beneficiada pela menor pressão exercida pela PEA feminina. Setorialmente, a perda de postos de trabalho concentrou-se na indústria, sobretudo na indústria de transformação.