bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Quality of Life of Cervical Cancer Patients Using ECOG-Performance Status Scale
Authors: Lingappanoor Shubham , Manupati Geetha Rani , Meesala Vasthalya , Yaragani Padma , Bachu Brahmani , Anchuri Shyam Sunder
Published: August 2019

Background: Cervical cancer is becoming one of the emerging health burdens for womenhood and India accounts for one-third of the cervical cancer deaths globally. More than 80% of women with cervical cancer are diagnosed at an advanced stage. In this study, we aimed to assess the Quality of Life (QOL) of patients with cervical cancer after treatment and to examine the factors affecting their QOL.

Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective observational study, included 218 cervical cancer patients. The study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Warangal of Telangana State. The impact of socioeconomic factors and clinical factors on the QOL of the patients were studied using Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-Performance status (ECOG-PS) scale. The protocol was approved by KIEC-KMC, Warangal. The statistical analysis was performed by using Fischer's Exact test, a value of p<.05 was considered as significant.

Results: Out of 218 patients 189 were alive and 29 were deceased. Patient of age group 21-40 years, patients from urban areas, from upper socioeconomic status (SES), patients with literacy, without any social habits had good QOL, where as patients in labour forces had poor QOL and are statistically significant. Patients with early stage at diagnosis and patients underwent surgical treatment along with chemoradiation therapy had good QOL yet, these results are statistically insignificant.

Conclusion: The lack of access to preventive and definitive care by the health care sectors, poor socioeconomic status, educational status of the women and awareness regarding the disease and its treatment patterns resulted in poor follow up, low adherence to the treatment, which accentuated the cervical cancer burden. Hence, enhancing the above listed factors could be beneficial in improving QOL of cervical cancer patients.
A Reificação das Relações Sociais: Fragmentação das Subjetividades no Processo de Produção e Reprodução do Capital
Authors: CARVALHO ANA PAULA MONTEIRO DE , SANTOS JOSÉ DERIBALDO GOMES DOS , Rabelo Josefa Jackline
Published: August 2019

O objetivo do artigo é recuperar, dos escritos do jovem Lukács, a categoria da Reificação; forma mais desenvolvida de alienação. A categoria explica a capacidade da sociabilidade capitalista em apropriar-se das subjetividades, na evolução da produção e reprodução social, garantindo-lhe a paradoxal longevidade destrutiva. O objeto foi analisado a partir das premissas do método onto-histórico estruturado por Marx, que investiga a gênese e o desenvolvimento da sociedade que reduziu o ser social ao movimento de produção das mercadorias. A investigação aponta para processos reificadores que dificultam a apreensão da totalidade, imprescindível para a autoconsciência do ser social como produtor de sua realidade.
Corpos Dóceis: a Influência do Capital/Trabalho no Sistema Penitenciário
Authors: Andrae Diogo De Calasans Melo , Fonseca Brian Gentil , De Assis Santos Francine Katarine
Published: August 2019

O presente artigo objetiva tratar da relação entre o capital e o trabalho no sistema carcerário para a formação de corpos dóceis em nossa sociedade. Com esse objetivo, imperiosa se faz a análise quanto à gênese do sistema carcerário em suas épocas, a relação entre o capital/trabalho e o proletariado – analisando as condições materiais para a sua formação – a dependência real que essa relação vem a causar na classe proletária, a visão de pensadores da crítica ao direito, a subsunção real e equivalência subjetiva, não sem antes tecer uma crítica ao direito para análise de fenômenos determinantes na relação intrínseca entre a forma jurídica e a forma mercantil.
Gramsci: Trabalho, Educação e Escola Unitária
Authors: Nogara Junior Gilberto
Published: August 2019

Nosso objetivo é discutir sobre algumas ideias que são imputadas ao italiano Antonio Gramsci (1891–1937), tais como: o trabalho como princípio educativo, a escola como trincheira avançada na guerra de posições (SAVIANI, 2013) e a construção da Escola Unitária já no modo de produção capitalista (MACHADO, 1988; SOARES, 1996; SOARES, 2000). A primeira ideia, de fato, foi Gramsci quem cunhou a partir do contexto italiano marcado pela Reforma Gentille, efervescência do operariado fabril italiano e ascensão do fascismo. A segunda se trata de uma inversão da tática gramsciana que tinha como caminho a preparação subjetiva das massas para a revolução fora da educação formal. E a terceira é decorrente de uma transposição teórica e temporal.

GRAMSCI: TRABAJO, EDUCACIÓN Y ESCUELA UNITARIA

El objetivo es discutir sobre algunas ideas que se imputan al italiano Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937), tales como: el trabajo como principio educativo, la escuela como trinchera avanzada en la guerra de posiciones (SAVIANI, 2013) y la construcción de la Escuela Unitaria ya en el modo de producción capitalista (MACHADO, 1988; SOARES, 1996; SOARES, 2000). La primera idea, de hecho, fue Gramsci quien acuñó a partir del contexto italiano marcado por la Reforma Gentille, efervescencia del operario italiano y ascenso del fascismo. La segunda se trata de una inversión de la táctica gramsciana que tenía como camino la preparación subjetiva de las masas para la revolución fuera de la educación formal. Y la tercera es consecuencia de una transposición teórica y temporal.

 

GRAMSCI: WORK, EDUCATION AND UNITARY SCHOOL

Our aim is to discuss some ideas that are imputed to the Italian Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937), such as: work as an educational principle, school as an advanced trench in the war of positions (SAVIANI, 2013) and the construction of the Unitary School already in the capitalist mode of production (MACHADO, 1988; SOARES, 1996; SOARES, 2000). The first idea, in fact, was Gramsci who coined from the Italian context marked by the Gentille Reformation, the effervescence of the Italian factory laborer and the rise of fascism. The second is an inversion of the Gramscian tactics which had as its way the subjective preparation of the masses for revolution outside of formal education. And the third is due to a theoretical and temporal transposition.
León Trotsky na Revista Germinal
Authors: Aranha Otávio Luiz Pinheiro
Published: August 2019

Na edição comemorativa de 10 anos da Germinal, perguntamos sobre qual a presença teórica das obras e escritos de León Trotsky no interior da revista. Para tal, objetivamos identificar quais publicações e autores da revista utilizaram obras de Trotsky em seu referencial, que obras de Trotsky foram usadas nessas publicações e que relações guardam entre si. Analisamos 311 textos publicados nas seções Debate, Artigos e Clássicos, nos quais encontramos 8 textos de 11 autores que usaram alguma obra ou escrito de Trotsky em seu referencial. Identificamos as obras que foram abordadas e analisamos suas relações com os textos. Concluímos da necessidade premente em estudar e pesquisar as obras deste marxista clássico.
A Resistência dos Estudantes no Modo de Produção Capitalista: considerações sobre o Movimento Estudantil Secundarista
Authors: Leme Renata Bento
Published: August 2019

Resumo: A sociedade capitalista, com o modo de produção que visa à acumulação de capital, acaba por gerar grandes conflitos entre duas classes antagônicas: classe trabalhadora e classe dominante, e o Estado tende a gerir as políticas públicas a fim de atender interesses da classe dominante. Entretanto, a exploração demasiada por esse sistema, culminará na organização dos sujeitos explorados que, unidos em movimentos sociais, contestará a ordem vigente. Aos trabalhadores resta a resistência e a reivindicação de seus direitos. Este texto tem o objetivo de discutir sobre como a organização da sociedade capitalista culmina na resistência de estudantes, que integram o Movimento Estudantil Secundarista. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica que se embasa na metodologia do Materialismo Histórico.
A educação profissional como objeto de pesquisa na Revista Germinal
Authors: Costa Filho Izaias
Published: August 2019

Objetiva-se, com este texto, fazer balanço dos documentos publicados pela Revista Germinal sobre o tema da Educação Profissional. Almeja-se apresentar, tanto do ponto de vista quantitativo quanto do qualitativo, o escopo dos manuscritos que os autores submeteram ao debate sobre o referido tema.  Dessa maneira, colabora-se com a edição de comemoração de 10 anos da Germinal ao se apontar qual o espaço que os estudos ocupam para a Educação Profissional e seus sentidos.
Germinal e pedagogia histórico-crítica: compromisso com a luta pela emancipação humana
Authors: Orso Paulino José
Published: August 2019

Este artigo apresenta um balanço dos 10 anos da Revista Germinal: Marxismo e Educação em Debate, em que procuramos verificar a relação existente entre a Germinal e a Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica (PHC) considerando as principais categorias de análise do materialismo histórico dialético. Primeiramente averiguamos como surgiu a PHC e a Germinal, depois nos atemos aos principais pressupostos e categorias defendidas por ambas e, na sequência, examinamos as produções veiculadas pela Germinal para conferir se de fato tem sido coerente com a perspectiva marxista e materialista histórica e se constituído num espaço de divulgação da PHC. Por fim, procuramos sopesar a importância desta revista, sobretudo para o âmbito acadêmico, tanto como fonte de pesquisa e defesa do marxismo, como da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica (PHC), que é a principal teoria pedagógica existente na atualidade. Para isso, analisaremos o conjunto das edições e artigos publicados pela Germinal e, em especial, as dedicadas à PHC.
Germinal: Marxismo e Educação em Debate: 10 anos!!
Authors: Taffarel Celi Nelza Zulke
Published: August 2019

Comitê Editorial avalia 10 anos de Germinal.
10 anos de Germinal: Marxismo e Educação em Debate
Authors: Lombardi José Claudinei
Published: August 2019

Editores avaliam os 10 anso de Germinal.
Aniversario y balance
Authors: Mariátegui José Carlos
Published: August 2019

Amauta llega con este número a su segundo cumpleaños. Estuvo a punto de naufragar al noveno número, antes del primer aniversario. La admonición de Unamuno -"revista que envejece, degenera"- habría sido el epitafio de una obra resonante pero efímera. Pero Amauta no había nacido para quedarse en episodio, sino para ser historia y para hacerla. Encarar con esperanza el porvenir. De hombres y de ideas, es nuestra fuerza.
Development of a general logistic model for disease risk prediction using multiple SNPs
Authors: Long Cheng , Lv Guanting , Fu Xinmiao
Published: August 2019

Human diseases are usually linked to multiloci genetic alterations, including single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Methods to use these SNPs for disease risk prediction (DRP) are of clinical interest. DRP algorithms explored by commercial companies to date have tended to be complex and led to controversial prediction results. Here, we present a general approach for establishing a logistic model‐based DRP algorithm, in which multiple SNP risk factors from different publications are directly used. In particular, the coefficient β of each SNP is set as the natural logarithm of the reported odds ratio, and the constant coefficient β0 is comprehensively determined by the coefficient and frequency of each SNP and the average disease risk in populations. Furthermore, homozygous SNP is considered a dummy variable, and the SNPs are updated (addition, deletion and modification) if necessary. Importantly, we validated this algorithm as a proof of concept: two patients with lung cancer were identified as the maximum risk cases from 57 Chinese individuals. Our logistic model‐based DRP algorithm is apparently more intuitive and self‐evident than the algorithms explored by commercial companies, and it may facilitate DRP commercialization in the era of personalized medicine.
The Relation Between Disease Activity, Patient‐Reported Outcomes, and Grip Force Over Time in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Rydholm Maria , Wikström Ingegerd , Hagel Sofia , Jacobsson Lennart T. H. , Turesson Carl
Published: August 2019

Objective

The objective of this study is to identify early predictors of future reduced grip force in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to identify early predictors of grip force over time.

Methods

In a structured follow‐up of an inception cohort of patients with early RA, average grip force values of the dominant hand were evaluated and compared with the expected based on age‐ and sex‐specific reference values. Potential predictors of reduced grip force (less than 50% of expected) at 5 years were examined using logistic regression. Differences in percentage of expected grip force values over the study period and differences in change over time, by baseline disease parameters, were estimated using mixed linear‐effects models.

Results

Among 200 patients with early RA, 44% had reduced grip force 5 years after diagnosis. Baseline characteristics that predicted reduced grip force at 5 years included high scores for the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (odds ratio 1.54 per SD; 95% confidence interval 1.13‐2.11), high scores for pain and patient global assessment, and low grip force. C‐reactive protein levels, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, the 28‐joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28), rheumatoid factor, anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies, joint counts, and synovitis of individual joints in the dominant upper extremity did not predict reduced grip force. Patients with baseline synovitis of the wrist or metacarpophalangeal joints or patients with a high DAS28 had lower estimated grip force at inclusion but also greater improvement of grip force over time.

Conclusion

Patient‐reported outcomes predicted reduced grip strength 5 years after diagnosis. This underlines the prognostic importance of disability in early RA. Joint counts and synovitis in individual joints may change rapidly in early RA and appear to be less predictive of long‐term hand function.
Type I Interferon Predicts an Alternate Immune System Phenotype in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Thanarajasingam Uma , Muppirala Anoohya N. , Jensen Mark A. , Ghodke‐Puranik Yogita , Dorschner Jessica M. , Vsetecka Danielle M. , Amin Shreyasee , Makol Ashima , Ernste Floranne , Osborn Thomas , Moder Kevin , Chowdhary Vaidehi , Niewold Timothy B.
Published: August 2019

Objective

Type I interferon (IFN) is important to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis, but it is not clear how chronic elevations in IFN alter immune function. We compared cytokine responses after whole blood stimulation with Toll‐like receptor (TLR) agonists in high‐ and low‐IFN SLE patient subgroups.

Methods

SLE patients and nonautoimmune controls were recruited, and SLE patients were categorized as either high or low IFN. Whole blood was dispensed into tubes coated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), oligonucleotides with cytosine‐guanine repeats, Resiquimod, IFN‐α, and IFN‐α + LPS. Cytokine production in patient sera and after whole blood TLR stimulation was measured by multiplex assay, and type I IFN was assessed using a functional assay.

Results

Circulating plasmacytoid dendritic cell numbers were specifically reduced in high‐IFN SLE patients and not in low‐IFN SLE patients. In serum, we observed that the correlations between cytokines in serum differed to a much greater degree between the high‐ and low‐IFN groups (P < 0.0001) than the absolute cytokine levels differed between these same groups. In stimulated conditions, the high‐IFN patients had less cytokine production in response to TLR ligation than the low‐IFN SLE patients. LPS produced the most diverse response, and a number of interactions between type I IFN and LPS were observed.

Conclusion

We find striking differences in resting and stimulated cytokine patterns in high‐ vs. low‐IFN SLE patients, which supports the biological importance of these patient subsets. These data could inform personalized treatment approaches and the pathogenesis of SLE flare following infection.
Additive Manufacturing of Precision Biomaterials
Authors: Guzzi Elia A. , Tibbitt Mark W.
Published: August 2019

Biomaterials play a critical role in modern medicine as surgical guides, implants for tissue repair, and as drug delivery systems. The emerging paradigm of precision medicine exploits individual patient information to tailor clinical therapy. While the main focus of precision medicine to date is the design of improved pharmaceutical treatments based on “‐omics” data, the concept extends to all forms of customized medical care. This includes the design of precision biomaterials that are tailored to meet specific patient needs. Additive manufacturing (AM) enables free‐form manufacturing and mass customization, and is a critical enabling technology for the clinical implementation of precision biomaterials. Materials scientists and engineers can contribute to the realization of precision biomaterials by developing new AM technologies, synthesizing advanced (bio)materials for AM, and improving medical‐image‐based digital design. As the field matures, AM is poised to provide patient‐specific tissue and organ substitutes, reproducible microtissues for drug screening and disease modeling, personalized drug delivery systems, as well as customized medical devices.
Single Nickel Atoms on Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Enabling Enhanced Kinetics of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhang Linlin , Liu Daobin , Muhammad Zahir , Wan Fang , Xie Wei , Wang Yijing , Song Li , Niu Zhiqiang , Chen Jun
Published: August 2019

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have arousing interest because of their high theoretical energy density. However, they often suffer from sluggish conversion of lithium polysulfides (LiPS) during the charge/discharge process. Single nickel (Ni) atoms on nitrogen‐doped graphene (Ni@NG) with Ni–N4 structure are prepared and introduced to modify the separators of Li–S batteries. The oxidized Ni sites of the Ni–N4 structure act as polysulfide traps, efficiently accommodating polysulfide ion electrons by forming strong Sx
2−⋅⋅⋅NiN bonding. Additionally, charge transfer between the LiPS and oxidized Ni sites endows the LiPS on Ni@NG with low free energy and decomposition energy barrier in an electrochemical process, accelerating the kinetic conversion of LiPS during the charge/discharge process. Furthermore, the large binding energy of LiPS on Ni@NG also shows its ability to immobilize the LiPS and further suppresses the undesirable shuttle effect. Therefore, a Li–S battery based on a Ni@NG modified separator exhibits excellent rate performance and stable cycling life with only 0.06% capacity decay per cycle. It affords fresh insights for developing single‐atom catalysts to accelerate the kinetic conversion of LiPS for highly stable Li–S batteries.
AFM‐Based Spin‐Exchange Microscopy Using Chiral Molecules
Authors: Ziv Amir , Saha Abhijit , Alpern Hen , Sukenik Nir , Baczewski Lech Tomasz , Yochelis Shira , Reches Meital , Paltiel Yossi
Published: August 2019

Local magnetic imaging at nanoscale resolution is desirable for basic studies of magnetic materials and for magnetic logic and memories. However, such local imaging is hard to achieve by means of standard magnetic force microscopy. Other techniques require low temperatures, high vacuum, or strict limitations on the sample conditions. A simple and robust method is presented for locally resolved magnetic imaging based on short‐range spin‐exchange interactions that can be scaled down to atomic resolution. The presented method requires a conventional AFM tip functionalized with a chiral molecule. In proximity to the measured magnetic sample, charge redistribution in the chiral molecule leads to a transient spin state, caused by the chiral‐induced spin‐selectivity effect, followed by the exchange interaction with the imaged sample. While magnetic force microscopy imaging strongly depends on a large working distance, an accurate image is achieved using the molecular tip in proximity to the sample. The chiral molecules' spin‐exchange interaction is found to be 150 meV. Using the tip with the adsorbed chiral molecules, two oppositely magnetized samples are characterized, and a magnetic imaging is performed. This method is simple to perform at room temperature and does not require high‐vacuum conditions.
Volumetric Bioprinting of Complex Living‐Tissue Constructs within Seconds
Authors: Bernal Paulina Nuñez , Delrot Paul , Loterie Damien , Li Yang , Malda Jos , Moser Christophe , Levato Riccardo
Published: August 2019

Biofabrication technologies, including stereolithography and extrusion‐based printing, are revolutionizing the creation of complex engineered tissues. The current paradigm in bioprinting relies on the additive layer‐by‐layer deposition and assembly of repetitive building blocks, typically cell‐laden hydrogel fibers or voxels, single cells, or cellular aggregates. The scalability of these additive manufacturing technologies is limited by their printing velocity, as lengthy biofabrication processes impair cell functionality. Overcoming such limitations, the volumetric bioprinting of clinically relevant sized, anatomically shaped constructs, in a time frame ranging from seconds to tens of seconds is described. An optical‐tomography‐inspired printing approach, based on visible light projection, is developed to generate cell‐laden tissue constructs with high viability (>85%) from gelatin‐based photoresponsive hydrogels. Free‐form architectures, difficult to reproduce with conventional printing, are obtained, including anatomically correct trabecular bone models with embedded angiogenic sprouts and meniscal grafts. The latter undergoes maturation in vitro as the bioprinted chondroprogenitor cells synthesize neo‐fibrocartilage matrix. Moreover, free‐floating structures are generated, as demonstrated by printing functional hydrogel‐based ball‐and‐cage fluidic valves. Volumetric bioprinting permits the creation of geometrically complex, centimeter‐scale constructs at an unprecedented printing velocity, opening new avenues for upscaling the production of hydrogel‐based constructs and for their application in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and soft robotics.
The Future of Cardiovascular Stents: Bioresorbable and Integrated Biosensor Technology
Authors: Hoare Daniel , Bussooa Anubhav , Neale Steven , Mirzai Nosrat , Mercer John
Published: August 2019

Cardiovascular disease is the greatest cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is the underlying pathology responsible for two thirds of these deaths. It is the age‐dependent process of “furring of the arteries.” In many scenarios the disease is caused by poor diet, high blood pressure, and genetic risk factors, and is exacerbated by obesity, diabetes, and sedentary lifestyle. Current pharmacological anti‐atherosclerotic modalities still fail to control the disease and improvements in clinical interventions are urgently required. Blocked atherosclerotic arteries are routinely treated in hospitals with an expandable metal stent. However, stented vessels are often silently re‐blocked by developing “in‐stent restenosis,” a wound response, in which the vessel's lumen renarrows by excess proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, termed hyperplasia. Herein, the current stent technology and the future of biosensing devices to overcome in‐stent restenosis are reviewed. Second, with advances in nanofabrication, new sensing methods and how researchers are investigating ways to integrate biosensors within stents are highlighted. The future of implantable medical devices in the context of the emerging “Internet of Things” and how this will significantly influence future biosensor technology for future generations are also discussed.
Nordic OCD & Related Disorders Consortium: Rationale, design, and methods
Authors: Mataix‐Cols David , Hansen Bjarne , Mattheisen Manuel , Karlsson Elinor K. , Addington Anjené M. , Boberg Julia , Djurfeldt Diana R. , Halvorsen Matthew , Lichtenstein Paul , Solem Stian , Lindblad‐Toh Kerstin ,   Nordic OCD and Related Disorders Consortium (NORDiC), Haavik Jan , Kvale Gerd , Rück Christian , Crowley James J.
Published: August 2019

Obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder, yet its etiology is unknown and treatment outcomes could be improved if biological targets could be identified. Unfortunately, genetic findings for OCD are lagging behind other psychiatric disorders. Thus, there is a pressing need to understand the causal mechanisms implicated in OCD in order to improve clinical outcomes and to reduce morbidity and societal costs. Specifically, there is a need for a large‐scale, etiologically informative genetic study integrating genetic and environmental factors that presumably interact to cause the condition. The Nordic countries provide fertile ground for such a study, given their detailed population registers, national healthcare systems and active specialist clinics for OCD. We thus formed the Nordic OCD and Related Disorders Consortium (NORDiC, www.crowleylab.org/nordic), and with the support of NIMH and the Swedish Research Council, have begun to collect a large, richly phenotyped and genotyped sample of OCD cases. Our specific aims are geared toward answering a number of key questions regarding the biology, etiology, and treatment of OCD. This article describes and discusses the rationale, design, and methodology of NORDiC, including details on clinical measures and planned genomic analyses.
Civic discourse on Facebook during the Australian same‐sex marriage postal plebiscite
Authors: Chen Peter J.
Published: August 2019

In 2017 the Australian Government undertook a national survey to determine public support for the legalisation of same‐sex marriage. This raised concerns the ‘plebiscitary' act may create harms to two groups: LGBTI people and those religious people with strong attachment to heteronormative marriage. Justifying the process, the Government advanced the possibility of civil dialogue generative of understanding. While instances of hate speech in public spaces were reported, this paper examines comparatively private speech during the period. Based on an analysis of posts to relevant Facebook pages, this analysis found opponents to same‐sex marriage were more highly mobilised online, and considerable differences in the character of online debate for and against the proposed changes. Importantly, while uncivil and ‘hate' speech were part of online conversations, the overall quantum of this uncivil discourse was lower than many feared. Additionally, the process did not generate considerable democratic dialogue around policy alternatives and rationales, particularly among ‘Yes' campaign supporters who were more homogenous in their acceptance of dominant campaign framing of the issue than their opponents. Significantly for ongoing public debates about public values like educational access and freedom of expression, opponents to change focused their arguments against same‐sex marriage around a subset of unrelated issues: free speech, religious freedoms, and diversity in public schools.
Desulfinative palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of arylsulfonyl hydrazides with aryl bromides under air
Authors: Liu Qingling , Yang Bo
Published: August 2019

A highly efficient and mild palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of arylsulfonyl hydrazides and aryl bromides for the selective synthesis of unsymmetrical biaryls has been developed. This methodology has the advantages of easily accessible starting materials, functional group tolerance and a wide range of substrates, which provide rapid access to biaryls derivatives. In this protocol, abundant and stable aryl bromides serve as the aryl sources by coupling reaction of the aryl group generated from arylsulfonyl hydrazides via in situ release of nitrogen and sulfur dioxide. No external oxidants or acids are needed for this kind of transformation.
Photocatalytic properties of CuO/(001)‐TiO2 composites synthesized by the vapor–thermal method
Authors: Sun X.Y. , Zhang X. , Sun X. , Liu C. , Qian N.X. , Rao R. , Wang M. , Ma Y.Q.
Published: August 2019

Composites of (001)‐face‐exposed TiO2 ((001)‐TiO2) and CuO were synthesized in water vapor environment at 250°C with various Cu/Ti molar ratios (RCu/Ti). The resulting CuO/(001)‐TiO2 composites were characterized using a variety of techniques. The synthesis under high‐temperature vapor allows close contact between CuO and (001)‐TiO2, which results in the formation of heterojunctions, as evidenced by the shift of valence band maximum towards the forbidden band of TiO2. An appropriate ratio of CuO can enhance the absorption of visible light and promote the separation of photogenerated carriers, which improve the photocatalytic performance. The degradation rate constant Kapp increased from 5.5 × 10−2 to 8.1 × 10−2 min−1 for RCu/Ti = 0.5. Additionally, the results showed that superoxide radicals (•O2−) play a major role in the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue.
Economic model predictive control for the operation optimization of water distribution networks with risks
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Zheng Yi , Li Shaoyuan , Zou Yuanyuan
Published: August 2019

For water distribution networks (WDNs) with risks of insufficient water supply, some users' water demand is affected. Because the operation cost is positively related to the number of users whose water demand cannot be met, making the most of the limited water sources to meet the water demand of as many users as possible is the key to reduce the related cost in the operation optimization. Considering the time‐varying of users' water demand and the dynamic characteristics of WDNs, real‐time dynamic operation optimization of WDNs is required. In this paper, an economic cost function which connects the cost incurred by the risks and the controllable pressure is proposed based on the distribution of users and the corresponding water supply method. An EMPC strategy with the ability to guarantee the closed‐loop stability is adopted for the optimization problem. Performance of the proposed methods is illustrated based on the simulation of the Newtown case at different risk levels. Simulation results show that the extra cost decreases greatly in the situation with risks by applying the proposed pressure‐related economic function and the EMPC strategy.
High potential for reducing folic acid‐preventable spina bifida and anencephaly, and related stillbirth and child mortality, in Ethiopia
Authors: Dixon Meredith , Kancherla Vijaya , Magana Tony , Mulugeta Afework , Oakley Godfrey P.
Published: August 2019

Background

Recent surveillance studies in Ethiopia show an epidemic of spina bifida and anencephaly, two major neural tube birth defects that are severe and life‐threatening. Our objective was to estimate proportional reductions in current stillbirth and child mortality rates in Ethiopia through folic acid‐based interventions to prevent spina bifida and anencephaly.

Methods

Using secondary data from multiple sources, we estimated percent reductions in stillbirth, neonatal, infant, and under‐five child mortality rates that would have occurred in Ethiopia in the year 2016 had all folic acid‐preventable spina bifida and anencephaly been prevented; and the contributions of these reductions toward Ethiopia's Year 2030 Every Newborn Action Plan (ENAP) goal on stillbirth, and sustainable development goal (SDG) on child mortality rates. The 2016 prevalence of spina bifida and anencephaly in Ethiopia was assumed as 13 per 1,000 total births, with the prevention goal reaching 0.5 per 1,000 total births.

Results

Folic acid interventions in Ethiopia would have prevented about 41,610 cases of folic acid‐preventable spina bifida and anencephaly‐affected pregnancies during the year 2016. We estimate that this prevention is associated with reduction of 31,830 stillbirths and 7,335 under‐five child deaths annually. The proportional contribution of this prevention toward achieving Ethiopia's ENAP goal is 54% for stillbirth, and toward SDG is 4.5% for neonatal‐ and 6.8% for under‐five mortality.

Conclusions

Spina bifida and anencephaly contribute to substantial stillbirths and child death in Ethiopia. Large‐scale fortification of foods like wheat flour and salt can help achieve Ethiopia's ENAP and SDG targets addressing preventable stillbirth, neonatal, and under‐five mortality.
Whole cell biosynthetic activity of Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris) GS115 strains engineered with transgenes encoding Chromobacterium violaceum ω‐transaminase alone or combined with native transketolase
Authors: Henríquez Maria‐José , Braun‐Galleani Stephanie , Nesbeth Darren N.
Published: August 2019

Whole cell biocatalysis is an ideal tool for biotransformations that demand enzyme regeneration or robustness to fluctuating pH, osmolarity and biocontaminant load in feedstocks. The methylotrophic yeast Komagataella phaffii is an attractive alternative to Escherichia coli for whole cell biocatalysis due to its genetic tractability and capacity to grow to up to 60% wet cell weight by volume. We sought to exploit high cell density K. phaffii to intensify whole‐cell chiral amino‐alcohol (CAA) biosynthesis. We engineered two novel K. phaffii GS115 strains: one by inserting a Chromobacterium violaceum ω‐transaminase CV2025 transgene, for strain PpTAmCV708, and a second strain, PpTAm‐TK16, by also inserting the same CV2025 transgene plus a second transgene for a native transketolase. At high cell density, both strains tolerated high substrate concentrations. When fed three low cost substrates, 200 mM glycolaldehyde, 200 mM hydroxypyruvate and 150 mM methylbenzylamine, PpTAm‐TK16 whole cells achieved 0.29 g L−1 hr−1 space–time yield of the acetophenone by‐product, a 49‐fold increase of the highest levels reported for E. coli whole cells harboring the equivalent pathway. When fed only the low‐cost substrate, 150 mM methylbenzylamine, strain PpTAmCV708 achieved a 105‐fold increase of reported E. coli whole cell biocatalysis performance, with a space–time yield of 0.62 g L−1 hr−1 of the CAA, 2‐amino‐1,3,4‐butanetriol (ABT). The rapid growth and high biomass characteristics of K. phaffii were successfully exploited for production of ABT by whole‐cell biocatalysis at higher levels than the previously achieved with E. coli in the presence of the same substrates.
Barriers and facilitators to shared decision‐making in child and youth mental health: Exploring young person and parent perspectives using the Theoretical Domains Framework
Authors: Hayes Daniel , Edbrooke‐Childs Julian , Town Rosa , Wolpert Miranda , Midgley Nick
Published: August 2019

Objective

Young people and parents want to be more active in treatment decisions. Using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), which segments behaviour change into barriers and facilitators across fourteen domains, the aim of this study is to explore the barriers and facilitators to shared decision‐making (SDM) from young people and their parents’ perspectives.

Method

The sample comprised nine young people who presented with internalising difficulties and ten parents of young people with internalising difficulties across two sites in England. Interviews were conducted, and transcripts were analysed using a deductive thematic analysis.

Results

Overall, 15 barriers to and facilitators for SDM in child and youth mental health were identified. Under capability, these included an awareness of SDM, forgetting discussions or not asking questions, clinician listening skills and communication skills. For opportunity, these included the availability of treatment options, availability of understandable resources, staff shortages, the environment being conducive to SDM, and if the school, or parents of young people, facilitated decisions. For motivation, these included whether SDM was thought to empower individuals, result in better treatment, or individuals making the ‘wrong’ decision, as well as whether individuals felt capable to be involved in treatment decision‐making, whether young people lacked capacity, and whether they could make decisions due to enhanced emotional states.

Conclusions

Barriers and facilitators across capability, opportunity and motivation were identified. Interventions which target these barriers and facilitators may facilitate young people and their parents’ involvement in decision‐making.
Submicron Co9S8/CoS/Carbon Spheres Derived from Bacteria for the Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Guo Xingmei , Zhang Wei , Zhang Di , Qian Silu , Tong Xiangzhi , Zhou Dongcheng , Zhang Junhao , Yuan Aihua
Published: August 2019

Synthesizing non‐noble metal electrocatalysts with both high activity and high stability for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is of great significance in the fuel cell and metal‐air battery industries. Herein, a facile method is explored to fabricate submicron Co9S8/CoS/C spheres by using Streptococcus thermophiles as a template. The electrocatalytic activity for the ORR with an onset and half‐wave potential of 0.87 and 0.79 V, respectively, vs. RHE approaches that of commercial Pt/C catalyst. The durability and methanol tolerance are better than those of the commercial catalyst. The good performance could be attributed to the coupling effect between Co9S8/CoS and the bio‐carbon substrate, as well as the robust submicron sphere morphology. Benefiting from the structural diversity of bacteria, this method can be extended to the synthesis of sulfide catalysts with other elaborate architectures.
Targeting an EGFR Water Network with 4‐Anilinoquin(az)oline Inhibitors for Chordoma
Authors: Asquith Christopher R. M. , Maffuid Kaitlyn A. , Laitinen Tuomo , Torrice Chad D. , Tizzard Graham J. , Crona Daniel J. , Zuercher William J.
Published: August 2019

Quinoline‐ and quinazoline‐based kinase inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have been used to target non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and chordomas with varying amounts of success. We designed and prepared compounds to probe several key structural features including an interaction with Asp855 within the EGFR DGF motif and interactions with the active site water network. EGFR target engagement was then evaluated in a cellular assay, with the inhibitors then profiled in representative cellular models of NSCLC and chordomas. In addition, structure–activity relationship insight into EGFR inhibitor design with potent dimethoxyquin(az)olines identified compounds 1 [N‐(3‐ethynylphenyl)‐6,7‐dimethoxyquinolin‐4‐amine], 4 [N‐(3‐ethynylphenyl)‐6,7‐dimethoxyquinazolin‐4‐amine], and 7 [4‐((3‐ethynylphenyl)amino)‐6,7‐dimethoxyquinoline‐3‐carbonitrile]. We also identified 6,7‐dimethoxy‐N‐(4‐((4‐methylbenzyl)oxy)phenyl)quinolin‐4‐amine (compound 18), which is the most potent inhibitor (IC50=310 nm) of the UCH‐2 chordoma cell line to date.
Localization of area prostriata and its connections with primary visual cortex in rodent
Authors: Lu Weiye , Chen Shengqiang , Chen Xiexian , Hu Jinmeng , Xuan Aiguo , Ding Song‐Lin
Published: August 2019

Area prostriata (Pro) has been found to play important roles in the rapid processing of moving stimuli in the far peripheral visual field. However, the specific neural substrates responsible for these functions remain unknown. In this study, we first examined the location, extent, and topography of the rodent equivalent of the primate Pro based on cytoarchitecture and molecular markers. We then identified its intimate connections with the primary visual cortex (V1) using retrograde and anterograde tracers. Our main finding is that medial V1, which receives peripheral visual information, has strong reciprocal connections with the Pro in both rat and mouse while lateral V1 has significantly fewer such connections. The direct V1 inputs to the Pro provide at least one of the shortest pathways for visual information to reach the Pro, and may be crucial to the fast processing of unexpected stimuli in the peripheral visual field.
Oral status and aesthetics after nonsurgical periodontal treatment: Do patient's perception and dentist's evaluation agree?
Authors: Kaufmann Manuela Elena , Hofer Deborah , Wiedemeier Daniel B. , Attin Thomas , Schmidlin Patrick R.
Published: August 2019

Objectives

Periodontal healing is often accompanied by side effects, which may cause an aesthetic deficit. The present investigation was focussed to compare patient's subjective perception of their posttherapy aesthetics with the objective measures of the results.

Materials and methods

Survey results from patients (subjective parameters) on oral status and aesthetics were compared against routine clinical parameters and corresponding survey results from treating dentists (objective parameters), both before and after periodontal treatment. Subjective outcome parameters were then suitably transformed and compared with the objective ones to investigate the agreement between patients' perception and actual outcomes.

Results

Objective recordings of periodontal status by the dentist and subjective awareness of the patient are quite contradictory to each other for almost all participants. Further, it was found that their aesthetics in the front were better after treatment, but dentist professionals targeted for future treatment needs.

Conclusions

In this study, it was found that patients improved aesthetically on the upper jaw front after the therapy, which was not shared by the dentists. This discrepancy was due to the clinicians' view on more aesthetic corrective procedures than on patients' need.
Exploring the contribution of exercise dependence to eating disorder symptoms
Authors: Brosof Leigh C. , Williams Brenna M. , Levinson Cheri A.
Published: August 2019

Objective

Exercise dependence is a set of cognitive and behavioral symptoms that constitute a reliance on exercise and is related to eating disorder (ED) symptoms. There are seven components of exercise dependence: tolerance, withdrawal, continuance, lack of control, reduction in other activities, time, and intention effects. Exercising in response to negative affect (NA) is a key feature of dysfunctional exercise in the EDs. However, it is unknown which specific components of exercise dependence relate to ED symptoms, above and beyond NA.

Method

The current study (N = 168 individuals with EDs) investigated which components of exercise dependence relate to ED symptoms both cross‐sectionally and prospectively.

Results

In cross‐sectional data, we found that withdrawal, tolerance, and time were associated with ED symptoms, above and beyond NA. Prospectively over 1 month, when adjusting for baseline ED symptoms and NA, we found that lack of control, withdrawal, and time positively predicted ED symptoms.

Discussion

These findings inform future research on how exercise dependence relates to ED symptoms, showing that withdrawal and time are uniquely associated with ED symptoms both cross‐sectionally and over time.
Modeling the emergence of migratory corridors and foraging hot spots of the green sea turtle
Authors: Dalleau Mayeul , Kramer‐Schadt Stephanie , Gangat Yassine , Bourjea Jérôme , Lajoie Gilles , Grimm Volker
Published: August 2019

Environmental factors shape the spatial distribution and dynamics of populations. Understanding how these factors interact with movement behavior is critical for efficient conservation, in particular for migratory species. Adult female green sea turtles, Chelonia mydas, migrate between foraging and nesting sites that are generally separated by thousands of kilometers. As an emblematic endangered species, green turtles have been intensively studied, with a focus on nesting, migration, and foraging. Nevertheless, few attempts integrated these behaviors and their trade‐offs by considering the spatial configurations of foraging and nesting grounds as well as environmental heterogeneity like oceanic currents and food distribution. We developed an individual‐based model to investigate the impact of local environmental conditions on emerging migratory corridors and reproductive output and to thereby identify conservation priority sites. The model integrates movement, nesting, and foraging behavior. Despite being largely conceptual, the model captured realistic movement patterns which confirm field studies. The spatial distribution of migratory corridors and foraging hot spots was mostly constrained by features of the regional landscape, such as nesting site locations, distribution of feeding patches, and oceanic currents. These constraints also explained the mixing patterns in regional forager communities. By implementing alternative decision strategies of the turtles, we found that foraging site fidelity and nesting investment, two characteristics of green turtles' biology, are favorable strategies under unpredictable environmental conditions affecting their habitats. Based on our results, we propose specific guidelines for the regional conservation of green turtles as well as future research suggestions advancing spatial ecology of sea turtles. Being implemented in an easy to learn open‐source software, our model can coevolve with the collection and analysis of new data on energy budget and movement into a generic tool for sea turtle research and conservation. Our modeling approach could also be useful for supporting the conservation of other migratory marine animals.
Novel microfluidic device integrated with a fluidic‐capacitor to mimic heart beating for generation of functional liver organoids
Authors: Wu Jiaxu , Hirai Yoshikazu , Kamei Ken‐Ichiro , Tsuchiya Toshiyuki , Tabata Osamu
Published: August 2019

Liver organoids hold a great potential to understand liver development and contribute for drug screening and toxicological testing. However, conventional methods to generate organoids provide insufficient liver functions and less reproducibility, due to lack of controllability of cellular microenvironmental cues. To tackle these issues, we focus on one of the environmental cues, pressure stimuli by heart beating, and develop a microfluidic‐based cell culture platform integrating a fluidic capacitor to produce pressure stimuli with hydrostatic pressure. Furthermore, we demonstrate a numerical simulation based on equivalent circuit model for designing the device parameters with sufficient accuracy. This device concept will provide insights into physical micro‐environmental regulation on organoid development.