bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insulin Injection Into Lipohypertrophic Tissue: Blunted and More Variable Insulin Absorption and Action and Impaired Postprandial Glucose Control
Authors: Famulla Susanne , Hövelmann Ulrike , Fischer Annelie , Coester Hans-Veit , Hermanski Lidia , Kaltheuner Matthias , Kaltheuner Lars , Heinemann Lutz , Heise Tim , Hirsch Laurence
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVE

Lipohypertrophy (LHT) is common in insulin-treated patients but its exact impact on insulin absorption and action is unclear.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In this crossover study, 13 patients with type 1 diabetes received subcutaneous abdominal injections of 0.15 units/kg insulin lispro into LHT (confirmed by examination and ultrasound) and normal adipose tissue (NAT). On one day, a euglycemic clamp was performed with two injections each into LHT and NAT, and on another day one injection per region was given before a standardized mixed meal (75 g carbohydrates), all in randomized order.

RESULTS

Compared with NAT, LHT reduced insulin absorption (mean area under the insulin concentration curve [AUCINS0–4h] 131 vs. 165 h * mU/L [LHT vs. NAT]; Cmax 61 vs. 79 mU/L, P < 0.02, respectively) and effect (areas under glucose infusion rate [GIR] curves [AUCGIR0–4h 625 vs. 775 mg/kg, P < 0.05]) but increased intrasubject variability ([coefficient of variation] AUCINS0–4h 52 vs. 11%, Cmax 55 vs. 15%, AUCGIR0–4h 57 vs. 23%, all P < 0.01). Postprandial blood glucose (BG) concentrations were ≥26% higher with LHT (AUCBG0–5h 731 vs. 513 mg * h/dL, BGmax 199 vs. 157 mg/dL, 2-h BG 150 vs. 104 mg/dL, 5-h BG 145 vs. 81 mg/dL, all P < 0.05) and maximum concentrations occurred later. Hypoglycemia (BG ≤50 mg/dL) occurred numerically less frequently with LHT injection (two vs. six patients), whereas profound hyperglycemia (BG ≥300 mg/dL) only occurred with LHT injection (two patients). Tmax-INS did not differ between LHT and NAT in either study.

CONCLUSIONS

Insulin absorption and action are blunted and considerably more variable with LHT injection, leading to profound deterioration in postprandial glucose control.
Residual Tensile Property of Plain Woven Jute Fiber/Poly(Lactic Acid) Green Composites during Thermal Cycling
Authors: Katogi Hideaki , Takemura Kenichi , Akiyama Motoki
Published: July 2016

This study investigated the residual tensile properties of plain woven jute fiber reinforced poly(lactic acid) (PLA) during thermal cycling. Temperature ranges of thermal cycling tests were 35–45 °C and 35–55 °C. The maximum number of cycles was 103 cycles. The quasi-static tensile tests of jute fiber, PLA, and composite were conducted after thermal cycling tests. Thermal mechanical analyses of jute fiber and PLA were conducted after thermal cycling tests. Results led to the following conclusions. For temperatures of 35–45 °C, tensile strength of composite at 103 cycles decreased 10% compared to that of composite at 0 cycles. For temperatures of 35–55 °C, tensile strength and Young’s modulus of composite at 103 cycles decreased 15% and 10%, respectively, compared to that of composite at 0 cycles. Tensile properties and the coefficient of linear expansion of PLA and jute fiber remained almost unchanged after thermal cycling tests. From observation of a fracture surface, the length of fiber pull out in the fracture surface of composite at 103 cycles was longer than that of composite at 0 cycles. Therefore, tensile properties of the composite during thermal cycling were decreased, probably because of the decrease of interfacial adhesion between the fiber and resin.
Correcting Spatial Variance of RCM for GEO SAR Imaging Based on Time-Frequency Scaling
Authors: Yu Ze , Lin Peng , Xiao Peng , Kang Lihong , Li Chunsheng
Published: July 2016

Compared with low-Earth orbit synthetic aperture radar (SAR), a geosynchronous (GEO) SAR can have a shorter revisit period and vaster coverage. However, relative motion between this SAR and targets is more complicated, which makes range cell migration (RCM) spatially variant along both range and azimuth. As a result, efficient and precise imaging becomes difficult. This paper analyzes and models spatial variance for GEO SAR in the time and frequency domains. A novel algorithm for GEO SAR imaging with a resolution of 2 m in both the ground cross-range and range directions is proposed, which is composed of five steps. The first is to eliminate linear azimuth variance through the first azimuth time scaling. The second is to achieve RCM correction and range compression. The third is to correct residual azimuth variance by the second azimuth time-frequency scaling. The fourth and final steps are to accomplish azimuth focusing and correct geometric distortion. The most important innovation of this algorithm is implementation of the time-frequency scaling to correct high-order azimuth variance. As demonstrated by simulation results, this algorithm can accomplish GEO SAR imaging with good and uniform imaging quality over the entire swath.
Stereodynamic tetrahydrobiisoindole “NU-BIPHEP(O)”s: functionalization, rotational barriers and non-covalent interactions
Authors: Storch Golo , Pallmann Sebastian , Rominger Frank , Trapp Oliver
Published: July 2016

Stereodynamic ligands offer intriguing possibilities in enantioselective catalysis. “NU-BIPHEPs” are a class of stereodynamic diphosphine ligands which are easily accessible via rhodium-catalyzed double [2 + 2 + 2] cycloadditions. This study explores the preparation of differently functionalized “NU-BIPHEP(O)” compounds, the characterization of non-covalent adduct formation and the quantification of enantiomerization barriers. In order to explore the possibilities of functionalization, we studied modifications of the ligand backbone, e.g., with 3,5-dichlorobenzoyl chloride. Diastereomeric adducts with Okamoto-type cellulose derivatives and on-column deracemization were realized on the basis of non-covalent interactions. Enantioselective dynamic HPLC (DHPLC) allowed for the determination of rotational barriers of ΔG‡298K = 92.2 ± 0.3 kJ mol−1 and 99.5 ± 0.1 kJ mol−1 underlining the stereodynamic properties of “NU-BIPHEPs” and “NU-BIPHEP(O)s”, respectively. These results make the preparation of tailor-made functionalized stereodynamic ligands possible and give an outline for possible applications in enantioselective catalysis.
Investigation of recreational vehicles maneuverability on forest roads by computer-aided driving analysis
Authors: Akgul Mustafa , Demir Murat , Ozturk Tolga , Topatan Hakan , Budak Y. Emre
Published: July 2016

Forest road planning is a time-consuming and complicated process both because it requires environmentfriendly road building, and due to the requirement to observe economic costs. This costs will be increase depending on maneuverability requirements of vehicle dimension. The main aim of this study is to analyze maneuverability of recreational vehicles on forest roads that primarily serve utilization of vehicles intended for production as well as geometrical characteristics of roads on computer environment. Both dynamic horizontal driving analysis and dynamic vertical driving analysis can be made with Autopath driving analysis module of Plateia 2013 software. Computer-aided horizontal driving analysis, which is used in examination of opportunities for utilization of available roads by different vehicle types, appears as an effective method for the decision maker in consideration of geometrical standards of vehicles during decision-making process. Graphical report is another output of driving analysis which visually presents vehicle maneuverability. In this context, Maneuverability of automobile, midibus and bus were analyzed on forest road with 4 m platform width. As a results of this study, it was concluded that computer-aided driving analysis is a beneficial tool in decision making process for re-planning of forest roads. As a consequence, it is considered that driver safety, as well as project costs, would increase by utilization of driving analysis during forest road planning and design.
Effect of intelligent transport systems on traffic safety
Authors: Vaitkus Audrius , Strumskys Mantvydas , Jasiūnienė Vilma , Jateikienė Laura , Andriejauskas Tadas , Skrodenis Dovydas
Published: July 2016

One of the biggest problems of constantly growing transport sector is traffic safety. Innovative technologies are an effective tool to deal with the following issue. In order to ensure efficient and coordinated development of intelligent transport systems, it is essential to know their individual performance and impact on traffic safety. This article gives the summary of the effect of intelligent transport systems on road traffic safety. The aim of the research is to highlight intelligent transport systems and intelligent transport systems applications which have the greatest positive impact on traffic safety. To achieve this aim, meta-analysis of previous studies and analysis of experts interviews was carried out. The research consider the following thirteen driver support and control systems regarding their potentials to reduce the number of fatalities: average speed control system, stationary speed cameras, “Alcolock” ‒ application of drunk driver detection, “eCall” system, variable speed limit sign, red light violation detection cameras, forbidden maneuver detection system, vehicle identification system, variable message boards, intelligent road studs, incident detection system, weighin- motion system and seat belt control system.
Advantages of laser scanning systems for topographical surveys in roads engineering
Authors: Aksamitauskas Vladislovas Česlovas , Kriaučiūnaitė-Neklejonovienė Vilma , Rekus Donatas , Ruzgienė Birutė , Puodžiukas Virgaudas , Stanionis Arminas
Published: July 2016

The objective of the work is to assess the advantages of the laser scanning system in the topographical surveys. The analysis and assessment of two methods, the classical total station method and mobile laser scanning are presented in the article. The results of the performed investigations have been compared, the technological characteristics and accuracy of the investigations have been presented, as well as the procedure of the topographic image formation, possibilities and efficiency have been assessed. The real-life topographic survey’s projects on the analysis of roads and streets (components) have been used where the ground surface, the components of the roads and the surrounding objects have been analysed. The analysis provides information on the availability and potential of the investigated methods and the final attained accuracy due to a certain number of the control points. The obtained results indicate that the main differences of the methods revealed when compiling the topographical images for urban or rural areas are the speed of measurements and data processing, level of detail of the results and various possibilities of the method implementation.
TERRESTRIAL EFFECTS OF NEARBY SUPERNOVAE IN THE EARLY PLEISTOCENE
Authors: Thomas B. C. , Engler E. E. , Kachelrieß M. , Melott A. L. , Overholt A. C. , Semikoz D. V.
Published: July 2016

Recent results have strongly confirmed that multiple supernovae happened at distances of ∼100 pc, consisting of two main events: one at 1.7–3.2 million years ago, and the other at 6.5–8.7 million years ago. These events are said to be responsible for excavating the Local Bubble in the interstellar medium and depositing 60Fe on Earth and the Moon. Other events are indicated by effects in the local cosmic ray (CR) spectrum. Given this updated and refined picture, we ask whether such supernovae are expected to have had substantial effects on the terrestrial atmosphere and biota. In a first look at the most probable cases, combining photon and CR effects, we find that a supernova at 100 pc can have only a small effect on terrestrial organisms from visible light and that chemical changes such as ozone depletion are weak. However, tropospheric ionization right down to the ground, due to the penetration of ≥TeV CRs, will increase by nearly an order of magnitude for thousands of years, and irradiation by muons on the ground and in the upper ocean will increase twentyfold, which will approximately triple the overall radiation load on terrestrial organisms. Such irradiation has been linked to possible changes in climate and increased cancer and mutation rates. This may be related to a minor mass extinction around the Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary, and further research on the effects is needed.
THE VARIABILITY OF HCN IN TITAN’S UPPER ATMOSPHERE AS IMPLIED BY THE CASSINI ION-NEUTRAL MASS SPECTROMETER MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Cui J. , Cao Y.-T. , Lavvas P. P. , Koskinen and T. T.
Published: July 2016

HCN is an important constituent in Titan’s upper atmosphere, serving as the main coolant in the local energy budget. In this study, we derive the HCN abundance at the altitude range of 960–1400 km, combining the Ion-Neutral Mass Spectrometer data acquired during a large number of Cassini flybys with Titan. Typically, the HCN abundance declines modestly with increasing altitude and flattens to a near constant level above 1200 km. The data reveal a tendency for dayside depletion of HCN, which is clearly visible below 1000 km but weakens with increasing altitude. Despite the absence of convincing anti-correlation between HCN volume mixing ratio and neutral temperature, we argue that the variability in HCN abundance makes an important contribution to the large temperature variability observed in Titan’s upper atmosphere.
FERMI GBM OBSERVATIONS OF LIGO GRAVITATIONAL-WAVE EVENT GW150914
Authors: Connaughton V. , Burns E. , Goldstein A. , Blackburn L. , Briggs M. S. , Zhang B.-B. , Camp J. , Christensen N. , Hui C. M. , Jenke P. , Littenberg T. , McEnery J. E. , Racusin J. , Shawhan P. , Singer L. , Veitch J. , Wilson-Hodge C. A. , Bhat P. N. , Bissaldi E. , Cleveland W. , Fitzpatrick G. , Giles M. M. , Gibby M. H. , von Kienlin A. , Kippen R. M. , McBreen S. , Mailyan B. , Meegan C. A. , Paciesas W. S. , Preece R. D. , Roberts O. J. , Sparke L. , Stanbro M. , Toelge K. , Veres P.
Published: July 2016

With an instantaneous view of 70% of the sky, the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) is an excellent partner in the search for electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational-wave (GW) events. GBM observations at the time of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) event GW150914 reveal the presence of a weak transient above 50 keV, 0.4 s after the GW event, with a false-alarm probability of 0.0022 (2.9σ). This weak transient lasting 1 s was not detected by any other instrument and does not appear to be connected with other previously known astrophysical, solar, terrestrial, or magnetospheric activity. Its localization is ill-constrained but consistent with the direction of GW150914. The duration and spectrum of the transient event are consistent with a weak short gamma-ray burst (GRB) arriving at a large angle to the direction in which Fermi was pointing where the GBM detector response is not optimal. If the GBM transient is associated with GW150914, then this electromagnetic signal from a stellar mass black hole binary merger is unexpected. We calculate a luminosity in hard X-ray emission between 1 keV and 10 MeV of

1.8

−
1.0

+
1.5

×

10

49

erg s−1. Future joint observations of GW events by LIGO/Virgo and Fermi GBM could reveal whether the weak transient reported here is a plausible counterpart to GW150914 or a chance coincidence, and will further probe the connection between compact binary mergers and short GRBs.
Objectifs, démarches et supports pour réfléchir sur le genre : quelles ressources pour les enseignants ?
Authors: Bruno Pierre , Mongenot Christine
Published: July 2016

La polémique sur les ABCD de l'égalité a conduit le ministère de l'Éducation nationale à leur substituer un « Plan d'action pour l'égalité entre filles et garçons à l'école ». Les auteurs s'interrogent sur la portée de cette substitution, principalement dans le cadre de l'enseignement du français, en analysant d'une part le discours d'accompagnement destiné aux enseignants – mais peut-être aussi aux parents – puis d'autre part les « outils » censés permettre des approches genrées des situations d'apprentissage et des supports à mobiliser. L'article souligne l'approche nuancée offerte dans la brochure Les concepts en jeu , tout en pointant certaines ambigüités réelles dans d'autres parties du discours tenu. De la même manière, l'abandon de propositions de séquences ou de séances précises au profit de simples « pistes » dans les documents mis en ligne sur CANOPÉ favorise une pédagogie parfois diffuse, et n'évite pas l'écueil de quelques simplifications en focalisant l'action pour l'égalité sur le repérage des stéréotypes sexués. La mise en œuvre d'une action pour l'égalité, étayée par l'outil conceptuel du genre, n'allant pas de soi, la prudence de ces nouveaux outils et/ou leur repli sur des activités phares comme le repérage des stéréotypes ne risquent-ils pas de constituer une limite effective au libre exercice d'une approche critique genrée des situations didactiques, ou des productions orales ou écrites qu'elles suscitent ?
Genre et dynamique interactionnelle dans la salle de classe : permanences et changements dans les modalités de distribution de la parole
Authors: Jarlégan Annette
Published: July 2016

Nombreuses sont aujourd'hui les recherches qui ont montré que les pratiques enseignantes participent activement à la fabrication de différences entre filles et garçons. Elles ont mis en évidence différents facteurs, le plus souvent non perçus par les protagonistes, par le biais desquels les élèves apprennent les qualités qu'il semble normal de posséder, selon que l'on est un garçon ou une fille. Les interactions verbales maitre-élève(s) constituent l'un de ces facteurs. La contribution compare les résultats de deux recherches, menées à 12 ans d'intervalle, qui ont étudié l'impact du sexe de l'élève et celui du sexe de l'enseignant sur la fréquence et la qualité des interactions individualisées maitre-élève(s) durant les séquences d'enseignement-apprentissage. Ces interactions sont étudiées dans des classes de CM2 à partir d'observations in situ . L'existence de similitudes mais également de divergences entre les deux études sont mises en évidence.
Genre, clichés, stéréotypes : la parole donnée aux enfants
Authors: Biren Aude
Published: July 2016

L'analyse des écarts d'orientation scolaire entre filles et garçons ou les disparités dans le monde du travail témoignent d'une socialisation encore fortement différenciée et stéréotypée. L'environnement social, familial et éducatif contribue, même inconsciemment, à transmettre aux enfants des clichés genrés. Sur cette problématique, la compagnie Entrées de jeu a créé un débat théâtral soutenu par la fédération de Paris de la Ligue de l'enseignement à destination de classes du cycle 2 de l'école primaire. Dans un premier temps, l'article décrit le processus d'élaboration de ce débat théâtral ; dans un second temps, il rend compte de façon empirique de certaines séances en présentant une typologie de réactions et de propositions d'enfants. Ce relevé permet enfin d'envisager l'écart entre leurs représentations sur les stéréotypes de genre et nos représentations d'adultes médiateurs sur les objectifs de l'action mise en place.
Du revenu de base maintenant au revenu de base souhaitable
Authors: Hyafil Jean-Éric
Published: July 2016

S’il est difficile de lever à court terme les freins – avant tout géopolitiques – qui empêchent de mettre en œuvre un revenu de base d’un montant « élevé », il faudrait néanmoins commencer par mettre un œuvre un revenu de base, même d’un montant équivalent à l’actuel RSA. Cela doit et peut se faire dès maintenant. Cet article explique comment, étape par étape.
La réalité du revenu d’existence dans le Brésil post-Lula
Authors: Cocco Giuseppe , Pedrosa Silvio
Published: July 2016

Cet article vise à évaluer la portée des politiques sociales réellement existantes dans le Brésil de la période Lula, du point de vue du débat général sur le revenu d’existence. Soit deux questions : ces politiques sociales – notamment les transferts monétaires – ont-elles été pensées dans la perspective d’un revenu d’existence ? Le revenu d’existence pourrait-il fonctionner comme angle privilégié de réorganisation et d’intégration de ces politiques sociales ? L’histoire de Bolsa Família , instauré dans le Brésil de Lula, montre qu’il est d’origine néolibérale et que le véritable enjeu est d’appréhender les lignes de conflit qui séparent sa précaire existence empirique actuelle de sa constitution comme base d’une nouvelle démocratie.
Politique d’activation 2.0
Authors: Pulkka Ville-Veikko
Published: July 2016

En 2015, le Premier ministre finlandais commandait une étude préliminaire sur l’introduction d’un revenu de base. Cet article présente ses résultats provisoires. Il analyse les diverses options envisagées, les implications de l’introduction d’un revenu de base quant aux incitations ou désincitations à prendre un emploi, ainsi que les reconfigurations plus lointaines qu’une telle introduction entrainerait dans le fonctionnement des allocations sociales.
Visualités, virtualités et trauma
Authors: Zeitz Anne
Published: July 2016

Selon certains auteurs, les technologies militaires contemporaines – automatisation croissante de la vision et intégration d’images de synthèse – font émerger de nouvelles temporalités. Le réalisateur allemand Harun Farocki et l’artiste israélien Omer Fast articulent le lien entre temporalité, virtualité, trauma et monde militarisé. À partir de leurs œuvres et de ces notions, il s’agit ici d’analyser différentes interprétations du remaniement de la temporalité et de la subjectivité à l’ère des guerres high-tech.
Volonté générale 2.0 ?
Authors: Fuchida Masashi , Iida Yoshiho
Published: July 2016

La crise de la démocratie d’aujourd’hui a remis en cause la notion même de la solidarité. Le philosophe japonais, Hiroki Azuma, dans Volonté générale 2.0 , présente un argument qui repense les conditions de participation et de présence de la politique. En prenant pour fil conducteur la notion rousseauiste de « volonté générale », il essaie de mettre à jour cette notion classique, en se référant au développement de la technologie informatique. Notre article vise à mesurer la portée politico-philosophique de la « volonté générale 2.0 ».
Étude de deux indicateurs de difficulté de mise en place de l’allaitement maternel : la fatigue maternelle et le comportement non optimal du bébé au sein
Authors: Saidi Latifa , Godbout Pierre
Published: July 2016

Les problèmes de mise en place de l’allaitement maternel (AM) sont communs et sont associés à un risque accru de cessation de l’AM. Les principaux motifs pour le sevrage au début de l’allaitement sont la fatigue de la mère et le comportement non optimal du nouveau-né au sein (CNOS). Le but de cette étude est de décrire le niveau de fatigue des femmes allaitantes ayant accouché à terme d’un bébé en santé en milieu hospitalier et le CNOS, et d’examiner la relation entre ces deux variables. Il s’agit d’une étude descriptive, corrélationnelle et transversale réalisée auprès de femmes allaitantes ayant donné naissance à un bébé singleton, en santé et né à terme au CHU de Moncton entre juin et septembre 2013. Les échelles Fatigue Continuum Form et Infant Breasfeeding Assesement Tool sont respectivement utilisées pour mesurer la fatigue et le CNOS. L’analyse de corrélation a été réalisée en utilisant le coefficient de Spearman (r). Les associations bivariées ont été explorées à l’aide du test de khi-carré (χ 2 ). Soixante-quatre couples mères-enfants ont été inclus pour cette étude. 64,1 % des mères ressentent une fatigue modérée. La fatigue maternelle était associée à la parité (p=0,003), au niveau d’éducation de la mère (p=0,043), au poids de naissance du bébé (p=0,035), au délai de la première mise au sein (p=0,001) et à la fréquence d’allaitement au J0 (p=0,037). La prévalence du CNOS était de 57,8 % au J0 et 25 % au J1. Il était associé à la fréquence d’allaitement inférieure à huit fois dans les 24 premières heures (J0 (p=0,001) et J1 (p=0,003)), à la primiparité (J1) (p=0,046), aux types de mamelons (J1) (p=0,010), à l’expérience antérieure d’allaitement (J1) (p=0,046), au peau à peau dans la salle d’accouchement (J1) (p=0,041) et au délai de la première mise au sein (J1) (p=0,027). Une corrélation significative a été constatée entre la fatigue maternelle et le CNOS J0 (r=0,196 ; p=0,029) et entre le CNOS à J0 et le CNOS à J1 (r=0,661 ; p<0.001). Une surveillance particulière des couples mères-enfants à risque est nécessaire afin de bénéficier d’un soutien supplémentaire lors de leur hospitalisation ainsi qu’un suivi après la sortie de l’hôpital.
Formation formelle et culture dans les leçons de pédagogie de Georg Simmel
Authors: Amat Matthieu
Published: July 2016

Résumé Cet article présente certains aspects des leçons de pédagogie de Georg Simmel, synthèse singulière entre des tendances pédagogiques à première vue opposées : la valorisation résolue de la vie et de l’individualité – de l’élève, de l’enseignant et de leur relation – qui les rattache aux pédagogies dites « modernes » ou « actives » et la centralité maintenue d’objets considérés comme porteurs d’une valeur objective et transcendant à un certain degré la vie individuelle. Nous montrons que la formation de la personnalité, même lorsqu’on la conçoit comme seulement formelle ou fonctionnelle, centrée sur le développement de capacités, requiert la confrontation avec des contenus objectifs historiquement transmis, la formation formelle appelant une éducation diffuse. Nous tâchons ensuite de dessiner une figure plus complète de la formation, qui dépasse l’opposition de la forme et du contenu au moyen du concept de relation, et que l’on nommera culture.
Entre théorie et pratique, la place du tact : notes pour une formation de soi-même
Authors: Théodoropoulou Elena K.
Published: July 2016

Résumé Au fur et à mesure que le sujet entre dans le monde de sa propre formation, il crée un milieu praxique dans lequel il prend la responsabilité de soi-même à travers les actes de (sa) formation. Une fois assumée par le sujet, la formation devient un exercice réflexif intense renvoyant d’une part à la « métamorphose de soi par soi » et d’autre part à la relation entre l’activité du sujet et la réalité pratique. Le texte met en relief certains aspects des enjeux que le processus d’une formation de soi implique, surtout en ce qui concerne la tension entre théorie et pratique. Dans ce cadre, le Tact peut être considéré comme une capacité pratique à la fois de jonction et de distinction des fils innés qui traversent l’intention et les actes de formation de soi. Le travail de la philosophie de l’éducation serait plutôt d’introduire et de défendre systématiquement l’ impetus de la pensée, au sein même des prétentions contradictoires relatives à l’hégémonie de la théorie ou de la pratique. À contre-courant d’une promotion de la praxis volontariste qui semble en général correspondre, à travers l’histoire de l’éducation, à une métaphysique de la présence, la philosophie de l’éducation pourrait être invoquée pour explorer l’alternative du « Je préférerais ne pas… » agir.
Commercial and Open Access Integrated Information Search Tools in Indian Libraries
Authors: Dhamdhere Sangeeta N. , Lihitkar Ramdas
Published: July 2016

A library portal is single-user interface for accessing a wide variety of electronic resources, both within and outside the library. A few federated search engines like EBSCO Discovery service, Summon (web scale discovery service), Knimbus, Mendeley, FedGate, ABCD open source software, Google CSE etc. are being used by libraries to give access to all subscribed or free online e-resources as well as library catalogues, archives' and other reading materials in the library to save the time of readers and give easy access to multiple databases and resources through federated search tool. In distance learning and online education environment libraries need to provide the right information on a single platform to its users from all resources or databases available in the library in a minimum of time. In this chapter the author discusses about the selected commercial as well as open source discovery tools used in Indian Libraries.
Responsive Library Website Design and Adoption of Federated Search Tools for Library Services in Developing Countries
Authors: Fagbohun Michael Opeoluwa , Nwokocha Nwanne Mary , Itsekor Victoria , Adebayo Oyeronke
Published: July 2016

Library attention has been shifted away from only physical services, since much of its operations are now going virtual, and almost everything about library activities now compete for online attention. Librarians have no choice than to conform to the trend since the major concern of library is to meet the need of its clienteles at all cost. Moreover, the paradigm shift in information ecosystem is now e-discovery tools. Responsive website design and federated search tools are part of the tools adopted to meet and satisfy information needs of library users in this era of information exploration. This chapter looks at the concept of responsive website design and federated search, components of responsive websites design, need for adoption of responsive website design for libraries in developing countries, federated search products and vendors, benefits of federated search technology, dichotomy between open search and federated search, adoption of federated search tools in developing countries, issues to consider with the federated search tool.
Adoption and Use of Discovery Tools by Selected Academic Libraries in Zimbabwe
Authors: Bhebhe Sindiso , Ngwenya Similo
Published: July 2016

The chapter discusses the adoption and use of e-discovery tools by three selected academic libraries in Zimbabwe. Through the use of a multiple case study a study was carried out to identify factors that led to the adoption and use of discovery tools by the three selected academic libraries. The study sought to find out the reasoning behind the selection of e-discovery tools, to assess the challenges and opportunities met in the use of e-discovery tools and to evaluate the impact brought about by the use of discovery tools. The study drew its theoretical framework from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (Davis, 1989). The TAM best explains the adoption of numerous technologies ranging from software packages to various online services. Some of the findings revealed that all the three libraries chose to use the EBSCO discovery tools even though it is expensive for them.
Online Coaching as Teacher Training
Authors: Stenbom Stefan , Cleveland-Innes Martha , Hrastinski Stefan
Published: July 2016

Using the Internet for educational purposes is now commonly accepted. More challenging is the realization of this potential, particularly in the K-12 education environment. According to the growing literature on this topic, using Internet technology during K-12 teacher training will provide more knowledge and skills for teachers wishing to use Internet technology in their own classrooms. In an adaption of the online Community of Inquiry, a revised framework for one-to-one online teaching was developed. In the Relationship of Inquiry framework, the elements of cognitive, teaching, social, and emotional presence outline the educational experience of one student receiving learning support from one teacher. The framework was tested with pre-service teachers using the Math Coach program which offers help with mathematics just-in-time via instant messaging.
Factors Influencing International Student Success in a K-12 Blended Learning Program
Authors: Levesque Annette , Reid Doug
Published: July 2016

This research explored the experiences of foreign students enrolled in the Canada eSchool distance learning program. The study included one secondary school in Nigeria and three in Malaysia that had students enrolled in a program based on a blended learning model. A mixed mode data analysis model including qualitative and quantitative data analysis was undertaken. The purpose of the study was to examine factors that influence student success in blended learning programs accessed by foreign students. Results indicated that students in the study were most successful if they were self-disciplined and had access to a variety of local supports including: an effective learning environment with access to quality technology; assistance in the development of English as a second language; and support in navigating pedagogical transitions between educational systems. In theory, the results of this study point to a connection between the local and Canadian support communities for foreign students enrolled in Canadian blended distance education programs, and their academic success.
Barriers to Obtaining Sera and Tissue Specimens of African-American Women for the Advancement of Cancer Research
Authors: Strissel Katharine J. , Nicholas Dequina A. , Castagne-Charlotin Myriam , Ko Naomi , Denis Gerald V.
Published: July 2016

African-American women, a historically understudied and underserved group, have increased risk for triple-negative breast cancer and obesity-associated disease. Obesity-associated metabolic diseases share a common link of low grade chronic inflammation, but not all obese women have metabolic disturbances or are inflamed. One goal of our ongoing research is to identify blood biomarkers that can predict increased risk of breast cancer in women who have obesity or metabolic dysfunction. However, vulnerable populations that stand to benefit most from advances in biomedical research are also underrepresented in research studies. The development of effective, novel approaches for cancer prevention and treatment will require significant basic medical research effort to establish the necessary evidence base in multiple populations. Work with vulnerable human subjects at a safety net hospital enabled us to comment on potential obstacles to obtaining serological and tissue specimens from African-American women. Here, we report some unexpected barriers to participation in our ongoing research study that might inform future efforts.
In vitro comparison of impact of different bleaching Agents on the microhardness of Enamel
Authors: Pujari Sudarshan C , Dey Subhra , Pandey Vinisha , Awasthi Neha
Published: July 2016

Background

Various agents are used these days for increasing the esthetics. One such procedure is bleaching that offers various advantages, as it is minimal invasive and cheap option to color the teeth and remove stain. The altered enamel after the bleaching process shows surface demineralization and porosities. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different bleaching agents on the microhardness of enamel.

Materials and methods

A total of 100 freshly human extracted maxillary premolar teeth were selected for the study. Teeth with sound tooth structure were included for the study. All the specimens were randomly divided into four groups with 25 specimens in each group depending upon the type of bleaching agent used: Group A, artificial saliva (Control group); Group B, 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP); Group C, 25% HP; Group D, 10% carbamide peroxide (CP). Knoop Hardness Number (KHN) was calculated at 24, 48-hour, and 7-week interval.

Results

Results showed no statistical significant differences between the microhardness of enamel of different groups (p < 0.005). A slight fall in the value of KHN was seen in all the groups, except for the control group, although the results were statistically nonsignificant (p > 0.005).

Conclusion

Although nonsignificantly, all the bleaching solutions produced some amount of alterations in the microstructure of enamel. More studies with higher study groups and more advanced estimation technologies are required to minimize microstructure alterations and promote for better outcome of bleaching procedures.

How to cite this article

Dey S, Pandey V, Kumar A, Awasthi N, Sahu A, Pujari SC. In vitro comparison of impact of different bleaching Agents on the microhardness of Enamel. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(3):258-262.
Multivariate characterization of morphological traits in West African cattle
sires
Authors: Traoré Amadou , Koudandé Delphin O. , Fernández Iván , Soudré Albert , Álvarez Isabel , Diarra Siaka , Diarra Fousseyni , Kaboré Adama , Sanou Moumouni , Tamboura Hamidou H. , Goyache Félix
Published: July 2016

Abstract. A total of 183 adult sires belonging to nine West African cattle breeds sampled in 67 villages of Mali, Burkina Faso and Benin were assessed for 16 body measurements and 18 qualitative traits. Within type of cattle (zebu, sanga or taurine), the different breeds analysed showed large differences in body measurements. In general, taurine breeds had lower average values than the zebu breeds while sanga cattle tended to have intermediate values. Principal component analysis identified three factors characterising body measurements. Factor 1 summarised the information provided by those traits characterising the size of the individuals and explained 59.0 % of the variability. Factor 2 tended to gather information characterising the body width and explained 8.0 % of the variation. Less representative, Factor 3 (6.6 % of the variability) had no clear interpretation. Qualitative traits did not allow to distinguish among either cattle groups or breeds. Two Correspondence Analysis Dimensions computed on qualitative traits (explaining 26.2 and 15.5 % of the variability, respectively) did not allow to differentiate between zebu, sanga or taurine cattle breeds. Our results confirm that, in the framework of a general appearance, body measurements are the main criteria for differentiating West African cattle breeds. Furthermore, the current research has not allowed to identify breeding preferences on qualitative type traits in West African cattle sires. Therefore, homogenisation of the appearance of individuals within cattle breed is not expected.
Out of the Closet and Into the Archives: A Partnership Model for Community-Based Collection and Preservation of LGBTQ History
Authors: Loveland Barry , Doran Malinda Triller
Published: July 2016

A special project to save Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer/Questioning history at Dickinson College is discussed. The project may serve as a model for others wishing to recover LGBTQ history.
PROFILE OF BREASTFEEDING, COMPLEMENTARY FOOD, CURRENT CONSUMPTION FREQUENCY AND TENDENCY TO OVERWEIGHT IN CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS FROM CURITIBA
Authors: SANTOS Daniele Barbosa , WILLE Grace Maria Ferreira de Castro , Barreira Sandra
Published: July 2016

O objetivo foi verificar o perfil do aleitamento, alimento complementar e frequência de consumo atual dos pré-escolares de Curitiba, PR, para subsidiar a formulação de estratégias para combater a obesidade infantil. Um estudo transversal envolvendo crianças usuárias de unidades de saúde ou matriculadas em escolas públicas e particulares no município de Curitiba realizada de junho a dezembro de 2014. Fez-se uso de questionário para conhecer dados socioeconômicos, recordatório alimentar do primeiro ano de vida e frequência de consumo alimentar atual. Grande parte das famílias curitibanas não seguem as recomendações de: aleitamento, tanto a exclusividade quanto a duração; início de alimento complementar, pois introduzem precocemente água, chá, papa, açúcar; consideram sua  alimentação saudável; não estão preocupadas com o excesso de peso dos filhos e não controlam muito o acesso às guloseimas e industrializados. Considerando que a obesidade é multifatorial, a população estudada, independente do poder aquisitivo, tem perfil para aumentar a prevalência do sobrepeso. Faz-se necessário sensibilizar as famílias para que a criança cresça em meio a nutrição adequada para o seu bom desenvolvimento, adquirindo bons hábitos alimentares e, assim, prevenindo novos casos e evitando que indivíduos com sobrepeso venham a se tornar obesos.
QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF MENUS OF PREPARATIONS IN A UNIVERSITY RESTAURANT
Authors: FLORINTINO Camila , MAZUR Caryna Eurich
Published: July 2016

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade nutricional e sensorial das preparações de cardápios pelo método AQPC em um Restaurante Universitário de Guarapuava, Paraná. A Unidade de Alimentação fornece em média 400 refeições no período do almoço do tipo self-service por peso. Os dados foram coletados durante 15 dias nos meses de outubro e novembro de 2014. A análise do cardápio foi realizada por meio do método AQPC, segundo os critérios elaborados por Veiros e Proença (2003). Foi observada a oferta diária de pelo menos um tipo de vegetal folhoso na salada e um doce como sobremesa. Na maioria dos dias avaliados houve monotonia das cores e alimentos ricos em enxofre. Não houve presença de fritura nas preparações, assim como oferta de frutas como sobremesa. As cores iguais que apareciam mais de três alimentos eram as cores verde, branco e amarelo que estavam presentes todos os dias (100%; n=15). A média dos alimentos ricos em enxofre era de, pelo menos, 1 alimento por dia. Não houve associação de doce com frituras, mas em quase todos os dias houve oferta de doces como sobremesa. Foi possível observar que a presença de frituras e carnes gordas foi baixo, assim como alimentos ricos em enxofre e oferta de vegetais folhosos todos os dias, mesmo repetido, são considerados pontos positivos para estimular hábitos alimentares saudáveis aos comensais. Mas, ainda, é necessário que seja ofertado mais frutas como sobremesa e a diminuição na oferta de doces.
APPLICATION OF INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY COUPLE WITH MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION FOR DRUG QUALITY CONTROL - REVISION
Authors: MADEIRA Camilla Regina de souza , PIANTAVINI Mário Sérgio , TRINDADE Angela Cristina Leal Badaró
Published: July 2016

A espectroscopia na região do infravermelho (próximo e médio) pode ser aplicada como alternativa para determinar o teor de substâncias ativas em formas farmacêuticas. A análise quantitativa de fármacos por infravermelho, empregando a técnica de reflectância difusa, apresenta vantagens quando comparada a outras técnicas, como rapidez, menor custo, não utilização de solvente orgânico e determinação direta de um ou mais fármacos, na presença de interferentes. Apesar das vantagens, o espectro obtido por esta técnica apresenta alta complexidade de sinal, devido ao grande número de modos de vibração, e baixa seletividade, pela sobreposição de sinais analíticos. Logo, determinações univariadas são dificultadas, sendo necessário a aplicação de ferramentas quimiométricas, tais como a calibração multivariada. O método mais utilizado é o dos mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS - Partial Least Squares), podendo ser empregado para a determinação de um único fármaco (PLS1) ou determinação simultânea de dois ou mais fármacos (PLS2). A validação de modelos multivariados aplicados a medicamentos vem sendo realizada de forma não padronizada, considerando-se parâmetros estabelecidos para normas univaridas e figuras de mérito cabíveis para métodos multivariados, pois ainda não está regulamentada por órgãos fiscalizadores nacionais, tais como ANVISA.
EVOLUTION OF PHYTOCHEMICAL RESEARCH APPLIED THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE GENUS THREATENED WITH EXTINCTION DALBERGIA.
Authors: DALARMI Luciane , SILVA Cristiane Bezerra da , OCAMPOS Fernanda Maria Marins , OLIVEIRA Daniella Maria Soares de , BURCI Ligia , MIGUEL Obdulio Gomes , ZANIN Sandra Maria W. , MIGUEL Marilis Dallarmi
Published: July 2016

O gênero Dalbergia pertence à família Fabaceae (Leguminosae) e caracterizam-se como árvores, arbustos e trepadeiras lenhosas amplamente distribuídas em regiões tropicais e subtropicais. No Brasil encontram-se em biomas ameaçados de extinção, mata atlântica e cerrado. Várias espécies são tradicionalmente utilizadas como analgésico, anti-inflamatório, antimicrobiano, anti-diarreico, anti-ulcerogênico, repelente,  larvicida e inseticida de mosquitos. Esta revisão é uma compilação das atividades biológicas das várias espécies do gênero Dalbergia.
PROSPECTION OF FIXED OILS FROM BRAZILIAN AND AFRICAN FLORA IN SUSTAINABLE COSMETOLOGY
Authors: MATOS I. O. , DOURADO D. , PEREIRA N. P.
Published: July 2016

O Brasil tem uma flora biodiversa que vem norteando o setor de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento das empresas cosméticas no âmbito inovador das matérias-primas que constituem os produtos para os cuidados da pele. Os óleos fixos são obtidos dos frutos ou apenas das sementes e são ricos em triglicerídeos conferindo propriedades emolientes. Estes vêm sendo extraídos das plantas que trazem sustentabilidade para comunidades através da agricultura familiar, como aquelas da Amazônia e do Nordeste brasileiro, que participam efetivamente desde a produção à exportação. No continente africano existe também uma diversidade de óleos fixos sendo explorada que traz competitividade ao setor industrial cosmético de grande escala. A comparação pode ser feita entre as diversidades de óleos da flora brasileira e da África, visto que ambas apresentam semelhanças e usam a agricultura familiar como meio de sustentabilidade em mesmo patamar, mostrando potencialidade no desenvolvimento mundial quanto a busca de novos óleos fixos que vislumbram a cosmetologia sustentável.
PHARMACEUTICAL CARE IN IDENTIFYING OF THE DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS IN PATIENTS OF A BASIC HEALTH UNIT IN DIAMANTE D`OESTE-Pr
Authors: DA SILVA C. C. , PAULA C. S.
Published: July 2016

Interação medicamentosa corresponde à resposta farmacológica ou clínica que ocorre pela interferência da ação de um determinado medicamento sobre o efeito de outro, além de alimentos ou qualquer substância química quando administrados concomitantemente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi evidenciar a ocorrência de interações medicamentosas existentes no tratamento de pacientes hipertensos residentes no município de Diamante D`Oeste-Pr, bem como reforçar a importância do profissional farmacêutico no acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico. Foi possível observar a ocorrência de 13 interações medicamentosas, destas 2 (15,4%) foram classificadas como maiores, 7 moderadas e 1 menor. Em todos os casos a conduta clínica recomendada foi o acompanhamento do paciente para observação de sinais ou sintomas específicos da interação. Destaca-se a importância do farmacêutico realizando o acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico ofertando seus cuidados aos portadores de hipertensão arterial, para alcançar resultados definidos que melhorem a qualidade de vida do paciente.
AGRANULOCYTOSIS RELATED TO THE USE OF DIPYRONE: A REVIEW
Authors: PIRES Franciele Deluque , OlLIVEIRA Vinícius Bednarczuk
Published: July 2016

A prática da automedicação é um método muito utilizado pela população mundial, nos últimos anos (28%) dos casos de intoxicação no país foram ocasionados por uso de medicamentos, dentre os mais utilizados está o fármaco dipirona. Conhecendo a disponibilidade do medicamento em questão ocasionar reações adversas como agranulocitose, sentiu-se a necessidade de um estudo comparativo relacionando o uso do fármaco como causa da discrasia sanguínea, para que o presente artigo possa auxiliar e incentivar a novas pesquisas direcionadas ao tema abordado. Utilizou-se de pesquisas bibliográficas que tratassem do assunto proposto, assim como material auxiliar disponível em sites de estudos acadêmicos.  As reações adversas ocasionadas pelo medicamento dipirona em pacientes suscetíveis, independente da dose administrada, são reações de hipersensibilidade, tendo como as mais graves, embora bastante raros choques e discrasias sanguíneas. Caracteriza-se como agranulocitose uma redução total do número de granulócitos circulantes no sangue periférico, definido como contagem de neutrófilos inferior a 500/mm3 é uma discrasia aguda do sangue a qual submete ao individuo elevado risco de adquirir infecções preocupantes, considerada uma patologia rara sua incidência varia entre 1,7-7,0 casos/milhão de pessoas/ano.  Com base nos estudos realizados pode se considerar que o uso da dipirona está frequentemente relacionado aos casos de agranulocitose, porém com uma baixa incidência na população. Para que se possa de fato estabelecer um parecer favorável em relação ao risco/beneficio com a possibilidade do órgão responsável efetuar a remoção ou permanência do fármaco na lista de medicamentos livres de prescrição, se fazem necessários novos estudos envolvendo grandes populações.