bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXPLICIT PERIODIC WAVE SOLUTIONS AND THEIR BIFURCATIONS FOR GENERALIZED CAMASSA–HOLM EQUATION
Authors: LIU ZHENGRONG , TANG HAO
Published: September 2010

In this paper, through qualitative analysis and integration, we study the explicit periodic wave solutions and their bifurcations for the generalized Camassa–Holm equation [Formula: see text] When the parameter k satisfies k < 3/8 and the constant wave speed c satisfies [Formula: see text], we obtain two types of explicit periodic wave solutions, elliptic smooth periodic wave solution and elliptic periodic blow-up solutions. These solutions include a bifurcation parameter α which has four bifurcation values αi(i = 1, 2, 3, 4). When α tends to the bifurcation values, the elliptic periodic wave solutions become three types of other solutions, the hyperbolic smooth solitary wave solution, the hyperbolic blow-up solution and the trigonometric periodic blow-up solution. Especially, a new bifurcation phenomenon is found, that is, the periodic blow-up solution can become a smooth solitary wave solution when α varies. When k > 3/8, we guess that there is no other explicit solution except the explicit periodic blow-up solution.
JORDAN ISOMORPHISMS OF RADICAL FINITARY MATRIX RINGS
Authors: KUZUCUOGLU FERIDE , LEVCHUK VLADIMIR M.
Published: September 2010

We investigate Jordan isomorphisms of the ring of all finitary nil-triangular Γ-matrices with any chain Γ of indices over an associative ring.
KNOWLEDGE AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT IN CUSTOMER–SUPPLIER RELATIONSHIPS
Authors: PAASI JAAKKO , LUOMA TUIJA , VALKOKARI KATRI , LEE NARI
Published: September 2010

The purpose of the paper is to empirically study firms' practises of knowledge and intellectual property (IP) management in customer–supplier relationships. The work applies the qualitative methodology of multiple case studies, and the material was collected in semi-structured interviews with management personnel at 36 organisations in Finland and in the Netherlands. Almost every firm had innovation relationships with their customers and suppliers, but the forms these relationships took, and the kinds of practices they involved, varied greatly. As a result, the firms considered the management of knowledge and IP in these relationships very challenging. We argue that by distinguishing knowledge management in the exploration phase of new business from knowledge management in the exploitation phase of innovation outcome, the firms could manage the knowledge and IP better. Accordingly, the paper introduces three propositions to support the knowledge and IP management in customer–supplier relationships.
Why are long-term large-scale wireless sensor networks difficult
Authors: He Yuan , Mo Lufeng , Liu Yunhao
Published: September 2010

Wireless sensor networks in the past decade have achieved remarkable progress, while the real applications are still far from being long-term or large-scale. This paper presents GreenOrbs [1], the latest effort to explore the fundamental challenges of long-term large-scale wireless sensor networks. GreenOrbs supports a series of forestry applications. Based on the early experience with GreenOrbs, this paper further discusses the future research directions.
Highlights
Authors: Bao Xuan , Constandache Ionut , Choudhury Romit R.
Published: September 2010

Mobile phones are becoming convergent platforms for sensing, computation, and communication. A variety of human-centric applications are on the rise that take advantage of this convergence in innovative ways. This paper envisions Highlights, a collaborative videorecording system that takes advantage of this convergence. Ideally, when multiple phones in a social gathering run Highlights, the output is a short video-highlights of the occasion, created without human intervention. To achieve this, mobile phones must sense their surroundings and collaboratively detect events that qualify for recording. For each event, the phone with the best view must be activated, eventually resulting in multiple video-clips of different events. When joined together, the outcome can become a useful video-summary of the occasion. This paper reports early work towards this longer term project.
Broadcasting in DTN as an epidemic dynamics
Authors: Maiti A. , Peruani F. , Choudhury R. Roy , Ganguly N.
Published: September 2010

Broadcasting in DTNs is an important problem with various applications in disaster relief, rural networks, vehicular networks. Significant work has been done in epidemiology that have addressed similar problems in a different setting. A natural question is to understand the applicability of these well understood theories in DTNs. This poster abstract is an attempt towards making these connections. We study the effect of both omnidirectional and directional antenna in broadcasting. We derive an expression for the mean broadcasting time and study the information dissemination in the system using elements of classical epidemiology through rigorous simulations.
Economic Incentives and Global Fisheries Sustainability
Authors: Costello Christopher , Lynham John , Lester Sarah E. , Gaines Steven D.
Published: September 2010

Widespread global collapses of fisheries corroborate decades-old predictions by economists, made long before large-scale industrialization of the world's fisheries, that open access would have deleterious ecological and economic effects on fishery resources. Incentive-based alternatives (collectively called catch shares) have been shown to generate pecuniary benefits, but little empirical evidence exists for, or against, a link to global fisheries sustainability. We report and expand on an analysis of >11,000 fisheries worldwide, in which we investigated the causes of fisheries collapse from 1950 to 2003. Using a program evaluation design, we found that catch shares prevent and, in some specifications, reverse fisheries collapse. Subsequent scientific studies reinforce and challenge these findings, suggesting fruitful avenues for future research linking incentive-based resource management to sustainability.
KIOM‐79 Prevents Lens Epithelial Cell Apoptosis and Lens Opacification in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats
Authors: Kim Junghyun , Kim Chan-Sik , Sohn Eunjin , Kim Hyojun , Jeong Il-Ha , Kim Jin Sook
Published: September 2010

Damage of lens epithelial cells (LECs) has been implicated in cataract formation. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of KIOM‐79, a combination of four plant extracts, on LECs. We examined the levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), nuclear factor‐kappaB (NF‐κB) activation and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in LECs during cataract development using the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat, an animal model of type 2 diabetes. KIOM‐79 was orally administered by gavage to ZDF rats once a day for 13 weeks. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay, and NF‐κB activation and iNOS expression were studied by southwestern histochemistry and immunohistochemistry, respectively. In diabetic cataractous lenses, TUNEL‐positive LECs were markedly increased 20‐fold, and AGEs were highly accumulated (2.7‐fold) in LECs. In addition, both NF‐κB activation, and iNOS expression were significantly enhanced 3‐ to 5‐fold, respectively, compared to levels found in normal ZL rats. However, the administration of KIOM‐79 delayed the development of diabetic cataracts and prevented LEC apoptosis (70%) through the inhibition of AGEs, NF‐κB‐activation and iNOS expression. These observations suggest that KIOM‐79 is useful in inhibiting diabetic cataractogenesis and acts through an antiapoptotic mechanism to protect LECs from injury.
Photocatalytic Activity of Nanosized Cadmium Sulfides Synthesized by Complex Compound Thermolysis
Authors: Yu Yingchun , Ding Youxian , Zuo Shengli , Liu Jianjun
Published: September 2010

The nanosized cadmium sulfides (CdSs) containing different phase structures were synthesized via the complex compound thermolysis method using different molar ratio of thiourea to acetate cadmium (S/Cd) and characterized by XRD, TEM, UV-Vis, and IR spectra. The results of photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RB) show that the activity order of CdS concerning the phase compositions is of cubic>hexagonal>cubic + hexagonal, where the CdS with the cubic phase has the best photocatalytic degradation activity of RB due to its larger abilities of adsorption and absorbance and smaller particle size of about 10∼13 nm.
Complexity in the Missionary Experience: The Franciscan Missionaries of Mary in Upper Congo
Authors: Martin Phyllis
Published: September 2010

The contradictions that permeated the missionary experience can be lost through the use of words such as “encounter” and “civilizing.” This study seeks to illustrate the complementary and competing forces that impinged on the work of the Franciscan Missionaries of Mary sisters in Upper Congo. It emphasizes their commitment to social action and evangelism through work, their interaction with local women and local knowledge, the particular colonial rule they witnessed, and the imperial simplification of complexity at the 1931 Paris Exposition Coloniale Internationale. Les contradictions dont a été imprégnée l'expérience missionnaire risquent de perdre en acuité avec l'usage de mots comme « rencontre » et « processus de civilisation ». Le présent article cherche à illustrer les dynamiques de complémentarité et de compétition qui ont affecté le travail des Sœurs Franciscaines de Marie dans le bassin supérieur du Congo. Il souligne leur engagement pour l'action sociale et l'évangélisation par le travail, leur rapport avec les femmes locales et le savoir local, les spécificités du régime colonial auquel elles furent confrontées, ainsi que la simplification impériale de la complexité à laquelle il fut procédé lors de l'exposition coloniale internationale de Paris en 1931.
The Roles of External Forcings and Internal Variabilities in the Northern Hemisphere Atmospheric Circulation Change from the 1960s to the 1990s
Authors: King Martin P. , Kucharski Fred , Molteni Franco
Published: September 2010

The Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation change from the 1960s to the 1990s shows a strong positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and a deepening of the Aleutian low. The issue regarding the contributions of external forcings and internal atmospheric variability to this circulation change has not been resolved satisfactorily. Previous studies have found the importance of tropical SST forcing. Here, this hypothesis is examined again using relatively large ensembles of atmospheric general circulation model simulations of the twentieth-century climate forced only by historically varying SST. The resulting ensemble-mean amplitude underestimates the observed change by at least 70%, although the spatial pattern is reproduced well qualitatively. Furthermore, AGCM experiments are performed to investigate other driving factors, such as the greenhouse gases, sea ice, the stratospheric ozone, as well as the contribution from atmospheric internal variability. The increase in ensemble-mean trend amplitude induced by these additional drivers was not enough to substantially improve the agreement with the observed trend. However, the full distribution of simulated trends reveals that the ensemble members at the upper tail are much closer to the observed amplitude. In the “best” ensemble, the 95th percentile of the simulated NAO trend amplitude remains at about 80% of the observed trend amplitude, with nearly equal contributions from external forcings and internal variability. The results also indicate that a complete set of driving factors and a correct simulation of stratospheric trends are important in bridging the gap between observed and modeled interdecadal variability in the North Atlantic winter circulation.
Air Temperature and Anthropogenic Forcing: Insights from the Solid Earth
Authors: Dickey Jean O. , Marcus Steven L. , de Viron Olivier
Published: September 2010

Earth’s rotation rate [i.e., length of day (LOD)], the angular momentum of the core (CAM), and surface air temperature (SAT) all have decadal variability. Previous investigators have found that the LOD fluctuations are largely attributed to core–mantle interactions and that the SAT is strongly anticorrelated with the decadal LOD. It is shown here that 1) the correlation among these three quantities exists until 1930, at which time anthropogenic forcing becomes highly significant; 2) correcting for anthropogenic effects, the correlation is present for the full span with a broadband variability centered at 78 yr; and 3) this result underscores the reality of anthropogenic temperature change, its size, and its temporal growth. The cause of this common variability needs to be further investigated and studied. Since temperature cannot affect the CAM or LOD to a sufficient extent, the results favor either a direct effect of Earth’s core-generated magnetic field (e.g., through the modulation of charged-particle fluxes, which may impact cloud formation) or a more indirect effect of some other core process on the climate—or yet another process that affects both. In all three cases, their signals would be much smaller than the anthropogenic greenhouse gas effect on Earth’s radiation budget during the coming century.
Arctic Ocean Warming Contributes to Reduced Polar Ice Cap
Authors: Polyakov Igor V. , Timokhov Leonid A. , Alexeev Vladimir A. , Bacon Sheldon , Dmitrenko Igor A. , Fortier Louis , Frolov Ivan E. , Gascard Jean-Claude , Hansen Edmond , Ivanov Vladimir V. , Laxon Seymour , Mauritzen Cecilie , Perovich Don , Shimada Koji , Simmons Harper L. , Sokolov Vladimir T. , Steele Michael , Toole John
Published: September 2010

Analysis of modern and historical observations demonstrates that the temperature of the intermediate-depth (150–900 m) Atlantic water (AW) of the Arctic Ocean has increased in recent decades. The AW warming has been uneven in time; a local ∼1°C maximum was observed in the mid-1990s, followed by an intervening minimum and an additional warming that culminated in 2007 with temperatures higher than in the 1990s by 0.24°C. Relative to climatology from all data prior to 1999, the most extreme 2007 temperature anomalies of up to 1°C and higher were observed in the Eurasian and Makarov Basins. The AW warming was associated with a substantial (up to 75–90 m) shoaling of the upper AW boundary in the central Arctic Ocean and weakening of the Eurasian Basin upper-ocean stratification. Taken together, these observations suggest that the changes in the Eurasian Basin facilitated greater upward transfer of AW heat to the ocean surface layer. Available limited observations and results from a 1D ocean column model support this surmised upward spread of AW heat through the Eurasian Basin halocline. Experiments with a 3D coupled ice–ocean model in turn suggest a loss of 28–35 cm of ice thickness after ∼50 yr in response to the 0.5 W m−2 increase in AW ocean heat flux suggested by the 1D model. This amount of thinning is comparable to the 29 cm of ice thickness loss due to local atmospheric thermodynamic forcing estimated from observations of fast-ice thickness decline. The implication is that AW warming helped precondition the polar ice cap for the extreme ice loss observed in recent years.
A multiple climates approach to understanding business unit effectiveness
Authors: MacCormick Judith S , Parker Sharon K
Published: September 2010

We propose four theoretically competing climates that are important for business-unit performance: climates for external control, internal control, internal flexibility, and external flexibility. Using a sub-sample of 620 business units from multiple companies across different industries and countries, we identified mechanisms by which climates influence business performance, accounting for different stakeholder interests. Climate for external control related directly to perceived business performance; climates for external flexibility and internal control both related to customer loyalty, which in turn predicted perceived business performance. Importantly, we show the moderating role of context whereby climate for internal flexibility was positively associated with perceived business performance, but only when market volatility was high. Drawing on the notion of ambidexterity, business units with higher effectiveness measures for all stakeholders also had high levels of all four climates, concurrently. The study supports the value for organizational effectiveness of having multiple climates that collectively accommodate an internal- and external-focus, as well as control and flexibility.
Molecular analysis of the diversity of vaginal microbiota associated with bacterial vaginosis
Authors: Ling Zongxin , Kong Jianming , Liu Fang , Zhu Haibin , Chen Xiaoyi , Wang Yuezhu , Li Lanjuan , Nelson Karen E , Xia Yaxian , Xiang Charlie
Published: September 2010

Background

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an ecological disorder of the vaginal microbiota that affects millions of women annually, and is associated with numerous adverse health outcomes including pre-term birth and the acquisition of sexually transmitted infections. However, little is known about the overall structure and composition of vaginal microbial communities; most of the earlier studies focused on predominant vaginal bacteria in the process of BV. In the present study, the diversity and richness of vaginal microbiota in 50 BV positive and 50 healthy women from China were investigated using culture-independent PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and barcoded 454 pyrosequencing methods, and validated by quantitative PCR.

Results

Our data demonstrated that there was a profound shift in the absolute and relative abundances of bacterial species present in the vagina when comparing populations associated with healthy and diseased conditions. In spite of significant interpersonal variations, the diversity of vaginal microbiota in the two groups could be clearly divided into two clusters. A total of 246,359 high quality pyrosequencing reads was obtained for evaluating bacterial diversity and 24,298 unique sequences represented all phylotypes. The most predominant phyla of bacteria identified in the vagina belonged to Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria. The higher number of phylotypes in BV positive women over healthy is consistent with the results of previous studies and a large number of low-abundance taxa which were missed in previous studies were revealed. Although no single bacterium could be identified as a specific marker for healthy over diseased conditions, three phyla - Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria, and eight genera including Gardnerella, Atopobium, Megasphaera, Eggerthella, Aerococcus, Leptotrichia/Sneathia, Prevotella and Papillibacter were strongly associated with BV (p < 0.05). These genera are potentially excellent markers and could be used as targets for clinical BV diagnosis by molecular approaches.

Conclusions

The data presented here have clearly profiled the overall structure of vaginal communities and clearly demonstrated that BV is associated with a dramatic increase in the taxonomic richness and diversity of vaginal microbiota. The study also provides the most comprehensive picture of the vaginal community structure and the bacterial ecosystem, and significantly contributes to the current understanding of the etiology of BV.
Adequacy and quality of abdominal echographies requested by primary care professionals
Authors: Auladell Ma Antònia , Caballeria Llorenç , Pera Guillem , Rodríguez Lluís , Casas José Dario , Aznar Jesús , Miranda Dolores , Sánchez Carmen , Negrete Antonio , Castellví Josep Ma , Bernad Jesús , Canut Santiago , Aubà Josep , Aizpurua Miren Maite , Torán Pere
Published: September 2010

Background

The value of abdominal echography in primary care is great because it is innocuous, inexpensive, easy to perform and provides a great deal of information making this the first examination to be requested in cases of probable abdominal disease.However, too many abdominal echographies are probably requested overcrowding the Departments of Radiodiagnosis with not always justified petitions or with repetition of tests based on little clinical criteria.

Methods/Design

The aim of the study isto evaluate the adequacy and quality of abdominal echographies requested by primary care physicians in the Maresme County (North of Barcelona), develop guidelines for indicating echographies and reevaluate this adequacy after implementing these guidelines.

We will perform a two-phase study: the first descriptive, and retrospective evaluating the adequacy and quality of petitions for abdominal echographies, and in the second phase we will evaluate the impact of recommendations for indicating abdominal echographies for PC physicians on the adequacy and quality of echography petitions thereafter.

This study will be carried out in 10 primary care centresin the Maresme (Barcelona).

1067 abdominal echographies requested by primary care physicians from the above mentioned centres from January 2007 to April 2010 and referred to the Department of Radiology and the same number of applications after the intervention.

All the petitions for abdominal echographies requested will be analysed and the clinical histories will be obtained to determine demographic variables, the reason for the visit and for the echography petition and diagnostic orientation, clinical and echographic data, evaluation of the echographies according to the quality and variables characterising the professionals requesting the echographies including: age, sex, laboral situation, length of time in work post, formation, etc.

To achieve a consensus of the adequacy of abdominal echography, a work group including gastroenterologists, radiologists and general practitioners will be created following the nominal group. This will allow the design of guidelines for the indication of abdominal echography and posterior evaluation of their impact among physicians by diffusion and posterior reevaluation of the adequacy of the petitions.
In vivo assessment of the impedance ratio method used in electronic foramen locators
Authors: Rambo Marcos VH , Gamba Humberto R , Borba Gustavo B , Maia Joaquim M , Ramos Carlos AS
Published: September 2010

Background

The results of anin vivostudy on the "ratio method" used in electronic foramen locators (EFL) are presented. EFLs are becoming widely used in the determination of the working length (WL) during the root canal treatment. The WL is the distance from a coronal reference point to the point at which canal preparation and filling should terminate. The "ratio method" was assessed by many clinicians with the aim of determining its ability to locate the apical foramen (AF). Nevertheless,in vivostudies to assess the method itself and to explain why the "ratio method" is able to locate the apical foramen and is unable to determine intermediate distances were not published so far.

Methods

A developed apparatus applies an electrical current signal with constant amplitude of 10 μARMSthrough the endodontic file within the root canal. The applied current signal is composed by summing six sine waves, from 250 Hz to 8 kHz. Data were acquired with the endodontic file tip at 7 different positions within root canals. In the frequency domain the quotients between the amplitude of a reference frequency and the amplitudes of the other frequencies components were calculated. Twenty one root canals were analyzed in vivo, during the endodontic treatment of twelve teeth of different patients, with age between 20 to 55 years.

Results

For the range of frequencies used in the commercial EFLs and for distances ranging from -3 mm to -1 mm of the AF, the impedance of the root canal is mainly resistive. However, when the file tip gets closer to AF, the root canal electrical impedance starts to change from a mainly resistive to a complex impedance. This change in the measured root canal impedance starts when the file tip is near -1.0 mm from the AF, getting stronger as the file tip gets closer to the AF. This change in the impedance behavior affects the ratio (quotient) of the impedance measured at different frequencies. Through graphic analysis it is demonstrated why EFLs based on the ratio method are unable to accurately measure any distances between - 3.0 and -0.5 mm from the apical foramen. The only reliable measurement is the 0 mm distance, which is when the file tip is at the AF.

Conclusions

The electrical impedance values of 21 root canals werein vivostudied. The results confirm the ability of EFLs that are based on the ratio method to accurately locate the AF position and explain why they are unable to determine the file tip position along the root canal.
Analysis of Gγ-158(C→T) polymorphism in hemoglobin E/β-thalassemia major in Southern China
Authors: Liu Rong Rong , Wang Ming Yue , Lai Yong Rong
Published: September 2010

Background

The Gγ-158(C→T) polymorphism plays important function in the clinical variability of HbE/β-thalassemia. There is little known about Gγ-158(C→T) polymorphism in HbE/β-thalassemia major in Southern China. This study aimed to explore the association between HbE/β-thalassemia major and this polymorphism in Southern China.

Methods and Results

The frequency of the Gγ-158(C→T) polymorphism has been evaluated in 32 patients with HbE/β-thalassemia major from Southern China. Further analysis of the Gγ-158(C→T) polymorphism revealed the prominent frequency of this polymorphic pattern among HbE/β-thalassemia major patients (65.63%). The presence of this polymorphism was strongly correlated with the increase of HbF synthesis.

Conclusions

The frequency of the Gγ-158(C→T) polymorphism was relatively high in Southern Chinese patients with HbE/β-thalassemia major, often accompanying with high production of HbF. This feature appears to be different with reports in other races and regions.
Introduction to this special section: Seismic interpretation
Authors: Chopra Satinder , Herron Donald A.
Published: September 2010

Seismic reflection surveys are used extensively in exploration for oil and gas, coal and other mining, and the study of the Earth's deep crustal layers. The success of the technique for oil and gas exploration in both land and marine areas has led to continued advances in technology for gathering, processing, and interpreting the data. In fact, successful exploration requires integration of information from several disciplines, and it is seismic interpretation which brings them together. The interpretation workflow addresses structure, stratigraphy and sedimentation, seismic amplitude analysis, and assimilation of seismic attributes, rock physics analysis and visualization, all supported by relevant data from drilling, laboratory studies, and from other surveys such as aeromagnetic, gravity, and electromagnetic. Needless to say, good geological knowledge of any area of interest is required to realize the potential of the seismic reflection technique and to complete a thorough and consistent interpretation.
Integration of coherence and volumetric curvature images
Authors: Chopra Satinder , Marfurt Kurt J.
Published: September 2010

Volumetric attributes computed from 3D seismic data are powerful tools in the prediction of fractures and other stratigraphic features. Geologic structures often exhibit curvature of different wavelengths, providing different perspectives of the same geology. Tight (short-wavelength) curvature delineates details within intense, highly localized fracture systems. Broad (long-wavelength) curvature usually enhances subtle flexures on the scale of 100–200 traces that are difficult to see in conventional seismic, but often correlate to fracture zones below seismic resolution, and also collapse features and diagenetic alterations that result in broader bowls. We present a number of curvature examples demonstrating their interpretational value.
KNOX genes: versatile regulators of plant development and diversity
Authors: Hay Angela , Tsiantis Miltos
Published: September 2010

Knotted1-like homeobox (KNOX) proteins are homeodomain transcription factors that maintain an important pluripotent cell population called the shoot apical meristem, which generates the entire above-ground body of vascular plants. KNOX proteins regulate target genes that control hormone homeostasis in the meristem and interact with another subclass of homeodomain proteins called the BELL family. Studies in novel genetic systems, both at the base of the land plant phylogeny and in flowering plants, have uncovered novel roles for KNOX proteins in sculpting plant form and its diversity. Here, we discuss how KNOX proteins influence plant growth and development in a versatile context-dependent manner.
An interview with Ken Zaret
Authors: Senior Kathryn
Published: September 2010

Ken Zaret is Joseph Leidy Professor in the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, the Associate Director of the Institute for Regenerative Medicine, and the Co-Director of the Epigenetics Program at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. He agreed to be interviewed by Development and talks about his life as a scientist.
Latin Elegy in the Old Age of the World: The Elegiac Corpus of Maximianus
Authors: Uden James , Fielding Ian
Published: September 2010

The sixth-century poet Maximianus reintroduces the erotic themes that had been largely absent from Latin elegy since Ovid. But, in a departure from 'love elegy', Maximianus speaks as an old man who is no longer physically capable of love. This co-authored article argues that Maximianus' picture of the breakdown of the aging body alludes to the common late antique idea of the 'old age of the world'. But whereas the senectus mundi narrative locates its end-point in the sublimation of earthly desires, Maximianus' elegiac narrative offers no such resolution for the infirmity and impotence of physical existence.
Knowledge, Perceptions, and Practices: Mosquito-borne Disease Transmission in Southwest Virginia, USA
Authors: Butterworth Melinda , Kolivras Korine , Grossman Lawrence , Redican Kerry
Published: September 2010

La aparición y persistencia de las enfermedades son inherentemente fenómenos geográficos, y programas para prevenir ambos factores son más eficaces a una escala local. Específicamente, las enfermedades transmitidas por mosquitos a menudo pueden prevenirse con precauciones personales e individuales, sin embargo, la acción de prevención efectiva generalmente resultada de programas eficaces de salud pública que enseñan medidas preventivas. Este estudio utiliza los principios de la ecología de la enfermedad y el Modelo de Creencias en Salud para examinar las percepciones de las enfermedades transmitidas por mosquitos y acciones preventivas en el suroeste de Virginia, EE.UU. utilizando una encuesta. Los resultados sugieren un bajo conocimiento de las enfermedades transmitidas por mosquitos entre los participantes, a pesar de los recientes casos de encefalitis de La Crosse y la introducción del virus del Nilo Occidental en las aves. Además, el género, la edad, y el tiempo residiendo en el condado son vaticinadores significativos del conocimiento, la percepción de la eficacia de las medidas preventivas, y los comportamientos sanitarios, re-spectivamente. Estos resultados apoyan la aplicación del Modelo de Creencias en Salud dentro de un marco de la ecología de las enfermedades para estudiar las enfermedades infecciosas y ayudar en la adaptación de programas locales de salud pública.
A Shear Wave Velocity Tomography System for Geotechnical Centrifuge Testing
Authors: Kim Nam-Ryong , Kim Dong-Soo
Published: September 2010

In physical model tests using geotechnical centrifuge, it is important to evaluate soil properties during centrifugal acceleration due to the effect of stress conditions. A crosshole type shear wave velocity tomography testing system has been developed, and the distribution of maximum shear modulus in sand layers could be evaluated in the centrifuge. Piezoelectric bender elements are installed in the system as shear wave transmitters and receivers for travel time measurement. A driving and measurement system for bender element tests is prepared to be used under centrifuge operating environment. A series of tests using this system has been conducted with uniform sand samples, and the testing procedure and typical signals from bender elements are presented. Tomography inversion considering curved raypaths has been conducted using a total of 256 travel time data determined by measured signals because the first arrivals follow curved raypaths under a stress related linear variation in stiffness with depth. The maximum shear modulus variation with depth, or vertical effective stress, has been verified through comparison with resonant column test results, and the applicability of this system in general centrifuge testing has been confirmed.
Development of a Crack Sealant Adhesion Test (CSADT) Specification for Hot-Poured Bituminous Sealants
Authors: Al-Qadi Imad L. , Fini Elham H.
Published: September 2010

Current crack sealant specifications utilize a simple empirical bond test [ASTM D5329, “Standard Test Methods for Sealants and Fillers, Hot-Applied, for Joints and Cracks in Asphaltic and Portland Cement Concrete Pavements”] to measure a sealant’s ability to adhere to concrete briquettes. However, no correlation exists between the results of this standard test and a sealant’s field performance. To bridge the gap between sealants’ fundamental properties and field performance, performance-based guidelines for the selection of hot-poured crack sealants have been developed. This paper proposes a new test procedure to help assess the capability of sealants to adhere to the sides of cracks in pavement. The proposed crack sealant adhesion direct tensile (CSADT) test procedure calls for the use of a direct tensile tester with modifications to the end pieces and the specimen holder. Sealant is confined between two aluminum pieces, which will move apart at 0.05 mm/s until failure occurs. Failure load and the displacement at failure are recorded and then used to assess the sealant’s adhesion capability. A crack created on one side of the assembly during specimen preparation determines the initial failure location and ensures that the failure occurs at the interface and not within the sealant. The specimen preparation is designed to simulate sealant installation, and experimental conditions have been developed to represent crack openings during pavement contraction in cold weather. The repeatability of the suggested procedure was acceptable with an average coefficient of variation of 10.9 %. No significant difference existed between two operators or between two test setups.
Iron Supplements Reduce the Risk of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Marginally Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Berglund Staffan , Westrup Björn , Domellöf Magnus
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVE:

Low birth weight infants are at risk for iron deficiency (ID). Most LBW infants have marginally low birth weight (MLBW, 2000–2500 g) and it is not known whether they benefit from iron supplements. The objective of this trial was to study the effects of iron supplementation in MLBW infants.

METHOD:

In a randomized controlled trial, we assigned 285 healthy, MLBW infants to receive iron supplements at a dose of 0 (placebo), 1, or 2 mg/kg per day between 6 weeks and 6 months of age. Hemoglobin levels, ferritin levels, transferrin saturation, mean cell volume, and transferrin receptor levels were analyzed at 6 months. Growth and morbidity were monitored.

RESULTS:

Iron supplementation resulted in significant dose-dependent effects on hemoglobin and all iron status indicators at 6 months. The prevalence of ID at 6 months was 36% in the placebo group, 8.2% in the 1 mg/kg per day group, and 3.8% in the 2 mg/kg per day group (P < .001). The prevalence rates of ID anemia (IDA) were 9.9%, 2.7%, and 0%, respectively (P = .004). Among infants who were exclusively breastfed at 6 weeks, the prevalence of IDA was 18% in the placebo group. There were no significant differences between groups in growth or morbidity.

CONCLUSIONS:

MLBW infants have relatively high risks of ID and IDA, especially if they are breastfed. Iron supplementation at 2 mg/kg per day from 6 weeks to 6 months reduces this risk effectively, with no short-term adverse effects on morbidity or growth.
Postnatal Corticosteroids to Prevent or Treat Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Watterberg Kristi L. ,   Committee on Fetus and Newborn
Published: September 2010

This Policy Statement was reaffirmed January 2014 and September 2020.

The purpose of this revised statement is to review current information on the use of postnatal glucocorticoids to prevent or treat bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the preterm infant and to make updated recommendations regarding their use. High-dose dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg per day) does not seem to confer additional therapeutic benefit over lower doses and is not recommended. Evidence is insufficient to make a recommendation regarding other glucocorticoid doses and preparations. The clinician must use clinical judgment when attempting to balance the potential adverse effects of glucocorticoid treatment with those of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Peeling Back the Layers: Female Higher Ordination in Sri Lanka
Authors: Sasson Vanessa
Published: September 2010

The question of higher ordination for Therav?da women is a complicated one. Although thousands of Buddhist women in a number of different Therav?da countries pursue a life of homelessness and renunciation, the majority are not recognized as ordained renunciants by their surrounding male monastic orders. This paper explores some of the reasons behind the general reticence concerning higher ordination felt by many of the silm?tas interviewed, and focuses specifically on some of the socio-economic factors that may be affecting their decision-making process
Ensino de enfermagem no Rio Grande do Sul apartir de 1950
Authors: Corbellini Valéria Lamb , Ojeda Beatriz Sebben , Santos Beatriz Regina Lara dos , Creutzberg Marion
Published: September 2010

Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar como o ensino de graduação na enfermagem, no Rio Grande do Sul construiu o seu saber, desde o primeiro curso, a partir da década de 1950. O estudo envolveu enfermeiras docentes que vivenciaram esse período da história e, para análise documental, foi utilizada a análise de discurso. Os dados indicam, dentre eles, o currículo mais integrado que busca articular teoria/prática sem fragmentação do saber e a relação ensino-aprendizagem, na qual professor e aluno são sujeitos desse processo.
The epidemiologic paradox of low birth weight in Brazil
Authors: Silva Antônio Augusto Moura da , Silva Leopoldo Muniz da , Barbieri Marco Antonio , Bettiol Heloísa , Carvalho Luciana Mendes de , Ribeiro Valdinar Sousa , Goldani Marcelo Zubaran
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether the low birth weight (LBW) paradox exists in Brazil. METHODS: LBW and cesarean section rates between 1995 and 2007 were estimated based on data from SINASC (Brazilian Live Births Database). Infant mortality rates (IMRs) were obtained using an indirect method that correct for underreporting. Schooling information was obtained from census data. Trends in LBW rate were assessed using joinpoint regression models. The correlations between LBW rate and other indicators were graphically assessed by lowess regression and tested using Spearman's rank correlation. RESULTS: In Brazil, LBW rate trends were non-linear and non-significant: the rate dropped from 7.9% in 1995 to 7.7% in 2000, then increased to 8.2% in 2003 and remained nearly steady thereafter at 8.2% in 2007. However, trends varied among Brazilian regions: there were significant increases in the North from 1999 to 2003 (2.7% per year), and in the South (1.0% per year) and Central-West regions (0.6% per year) from 1995 to 2007. For the entire period studied, higher LBW and lower IMRs were seen in more developed compared to less developed regions. In Brazilian States, in 2005, the higher the IMR rate, the lower the LBW rate (p=0.009); the lower the low schooling rate, the lower the LBW rate (p=0.007); the higher the number of neonatal intensive care beds per 1,000 live births, the higher the LBW rate (p=0.036). CONCLUSIONS: The low birth weight paradox was seen in Brazil. LBW rate is increasing in some Brazilian regions. Regional differences in LBW rate seem to be more associated to availability of perinatal care services than underlying social conditions.
Escolaridade e inserção no mercado de trabalho
Authors: Letelier G. Maria Eugenia
Published: September 2010

Este artigo pretende situar a relação entre escolaridade e inserção no mercado de trabalho num período marcado pelo impacto das transformações produtivas (1988 e 1995), a partir da análise de dados do mercado de trabalho e escolaridade da População Economicamente Ativa - PEA - referentes à Grande Santiago (Chile) e Grande São Paulo (Brasil). Considera-se que, nesse período, foi elaborado um discurso que ressaltava o valor econômico da educação, sem suficiente sustentação empírica que ajudasse a verificar como a população é afetada pela dinâmica do mercado de trabalho e pelo aumento da oferta do sistema educacional. A competitividade internacional como meta é tida como tendência que dificulta a identificação das condições estruturais em que está inserida a relação entre educação e trabalho não permitindo, assim, conhecer a dinâmica dos atores sociais que se confrontam numa sociedade que constrói consensos excludentes em relação a numerosos setores. Para estes um maior nível educacional não assegurará melhores condições de vida enquanto não se modificarem as desigualdades originadas na estrutura do mercado de trabalho, pois justamente nesse período de transformações estão sendo geradas novas segmentações que tendem a aprofundar a desigualdade.
Reflexão sobre a prática e qualificação da formação inicial docente
Authors: Garrido Elsa , Carvalho Anna Maria Pessoa de
Published: September 2010

A pesquisa teve por objetivo registrar eventuais mudanças nas decisões instrucionais e nas representações sobre o ensino, resultantes de um trabalho sistemático de reflexão sobre a prática, em um curso de formação inicial de professores de Física. Na Faculdade, os participantes assistiam aos vídeos de seus desempenhos em classes do secundário, analisando, problematizando e propondo reformulações para suas práticas docentes. O estudo descreve as características que marcaram a interação professor-licenciandos, facilitando o processo de (re)construção e (re)formulação das representações e das práticas docentes.
Afetos e representações sociais: contribuições de um diálogo transdisciplinar
Authors: Pombo-de-Barros Carolina Fernandes , Arruda Angela Maria Silva
Published: September 2010

Este texto é resultado de uma pesquisa teórica cujos objetivos foram: explorar a afinidade entre a Teoria do Desenvolvimento Emocional, de Winnicott, e a Teoria das Representações Sociais, de Moscovici, e indicar o papel da afetividade na construção de representações sociais. Para dar sustentação ao diálogo das duas teorias, o texto aborda considerações de diferentes autores que se debruçaram sobre os processos de conhecer, perceber e interagir, e que defendem a complexidade dos fenômenos sociais e cognitivos e a necessidade de um paradigma transdisciplinar para investigá-los. Analisa, na conclusão, a presença do medo e da solidariedade nos resultados da pesquisa de Sandra Jovchelovitch sobre as representações sociais e a esfera pública no Brasil.
Psicoterapia de criança com alopecia areata universal: desenvolvendo a resiliência
Authors: Menezes Marina , López Mariana , Delvan Josiane da Silva
Published: September 2010

Este artigo apresenta um estudo de caso de uma criança portadora de alopecia areata universal, vitiligo e transtorno de ansiedade generalizada, atendida em clínica-escola de psicologia de 2002 a 2007. A abordagem terapêutica adotada foi a psicoterapia de orientação psicanalítica infantil e a orientação sistemática aos pais, objetivando a diminuição dos sintomas e o desenvolvimento de habilidades para o enfrentamento da doença crônica. No decorrer do processo, ao longo dos cinco anos de atendimento, a paciente adaptou-se positivamente à doença, ocorrendo a remissão dos sintomas de ansiedade e o desenvolvimento de comportamentos resilientes que indicaram a alta terapêutica.
Duas novas espécies de Lopesia Rübsaamen (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) do Brasil, com chave para as espécies
Authors: Rodrigues Alene Ramos , Maia Valéria Cid
Published: September 2010

Lopesia erythroxyli Rodrigues & Maia e Lopesia maricaensis Rodrigues & Maia, duas novas espécies de Cecidomyiidae que induzem galhas cônicas em gemas de Erythroxylum ovalifolium Peyr (Erythroxylaceae) e enrolamentos da borda da folha de Protium brasiliense (Spr.) Engl. (Burseraceae), são descritas e ilustradas (larva, pupa, macho, e fêmea) baseado em material do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Uma chave de segregação para as espécies conhecidas de Lopesia é dada.
Relação peso-comprimento e fator de condição de Oligosarcus hepsetus (Cuvier, 1829) no Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar - Núcleo Santa Virgínia, Mata Atlântica, estado de São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Gomiero Leandro Muller , Villares Junior Gilberto Aparecido , Braga Francisco Manoel de Souza
Published: September 2010

Foram analisados a relação peso-comprimento e o fator de condição de Oligosarcus hepsetus no Rio Grande do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar - Núcleo Santa Virgínia, São Paulo. A relação peso-comprimento foi estimada para imaturos, fêmeas e machos, através da expressão P = aCb. Os parâmetros a e b foram estimados após transformação logarítmica dos dados de peso e comprimento e subsequente ajuste de uma linha reta aos pontos pelo método dos mínimos quadrados. Para fêmeas e machos foram obtidas as equações da relação peso-comprimento por período do ano (outono, inverno, primavera e verão), utilizando o peso total e o peso sem as gônadas. O fator de condição dos imaturos foi mais alto do que para machos e fêmeas, possivelmente, devido ao gasto energético com o desenvolvimento dos ovócitos e em menor grau dos espermatozóides. Esta espécie apresentou maiores valores de fator de condição no outono devido ao acúmulo de gordura e nas demais estações estes valores diminuíram devido ao longo período reprodutivo. As condições ambientais da Mata Atlântica parecem ser primordiais para o desenvolvimento das estratégias reprodutivas apresentadas por Oligosarcus hepsetus.
Taxocenose de aves em um remanescente da Floresta com Araucária no Sudeste do Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Bispo Arthur Ângelo , Scherer-Neto Pedro
Published: September 2010

Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a comunidade de aves de um remanescente florestal de pequeno porte (10 ha) localizado no município de Tijucas do Sul, estado do Paraná, nos domínios da Floresta com Araucária. Durante o período de novembro de 1999 a abril de 2001 foram realizadas 15 amostragens de dois dias de duração no qual foram utilizados os métodos de amostragem por captura com redes de neblina e observações visuais e auditivas. Foram registradas 118 espécies de 35 famílias. De acordo com a freqüência de ocorrência cerca de 44% das espécies foram consideradas pouco freqüentes. As guildas tróficas mais representativas foram aquelas compostas por espécies onívoras, seguidas pelas insetívoras de folhagem. O método de captura com redes ornitológicas obteve 501 capturas de 47 espécies. As espécies capturadas apresentaram abundâncias relativas variando de 0,31 a 13,16% e o índice de equitabilidade foi de 0,83, demonstrando que a taxocenose apresenta uma baixa dominância. A estrutura da taxocenose registrada é a esperada para um fragmento de pequeno porte, com a maior abundância de guildas e espécies generalistas e com a presença de um grande número de espécies com baixa frequência de ocorrência. Apesar disso, a composição específica com uma grande presença de espécies silvícolas demonstra que o remanescente desempenha um importante papel na manutenção de espécies dependentes dos ambientes florestais.