bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Will high-dose heparin affect blood loss and inflammatory response in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass?
Authors: Braatz Erik , Sesartic Vanja , Liska Jan
Published: June 2020

Introduction:

We performed a randomized study to investigate if a high versus a standard dose of heparin dose during cardiopulmonary bypass could affect intra- and post-operative bleeding and reduce the inflammatory response.

Methods:

A total of 30 patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting were randomized into high or standard dose of heparin during cardiopulmonary bypass. Blood loss was documented peri- and post-operatively, and interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and C3 were measured in conjunction with cardiopulmonary bypass.

Results:

Data from 29 patients were analyzed after exclusion of one patient. The mean initial bolus and total heparin doses were 43,000 ± 5,800 IU versus 35,000 ± 4,100 IU, (p < 0.001), and 58,000 ± 9,500 IU versus 45,000 ± 7,900 IU, (p < 0.001) in the intervention and the control group, respectively. The median intra-operative bleeding was 150 mL (interquartile range 100-325) in the control versus 225 mL (IQR 200-350) in the intervention group, p = 0.15. The median chest tube blood loss 12 hour post-operatively was 300 mL (interquartile range 250-385) in the control versus 450 mL (IQR 315-505) in the intervention group, p = 0.029. There was no significant difference between the control group and the intervention group during cardiopulmonary bypass for the measured inflammatory markers interleukin-6 (p = 0.98), tumor necrosis factor-α (p = 0.72), or C3 (p = 0.13).

Conclusion:

This small study showed a small increase of post-operative bleeding associated with higher heparin dosage in conjunction with cardiopulmonary bypass but did not demonstrate an effect of heparin on the inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass.
The Great Ormond Street Hospital immunoadsorption method for ABO-incompatible heart transplantation: a practical technique
Authors: Issitt Richard , Crook Richard , Shaw Michael , Robertson Alex
Published: June 2020

Traditionally, ABO-incompatible heart transplantation was accomplished using a plasma exchange technique to remove recipient plasma containing donor-incompatible anti-A/B isohaemagglutinins. However, this technique exposed patients to large volumes of allogeneic blood and blood products (up to three times the patient’s circulating volume). In 2018, we published the first reported case of an ABO-incompatible heart transplant using an intraoperative immunoadsorption technique which minimises the exposure to blood products by specifically targeting anti-A/B isohaemagglutinins. We have subsequently used this technique in all children undergoing ABO-incompatible heart transplantation and become convinced of its efficacy in this population while observing no adverse effects. This article outlines the practical details required to perform the technique in order to avoid hyperacute rejection.
The arrest of sociology
Authors: Baehr Peter
Published: June 2020

A new book from Colin Campbell, the distinguished British sociologist, asks a disquieting question: Has sociology progressed? Campbell concludes that our discipline has made little progress in the past half-century. This essay describes what Campbell means by progress, and the factors that, on his account, impede it. The discussion focuses on one such obstacle: the politicization of the university. The older current of ideological advocacy, that Campbell highlights, is today bolstered by a newer development: ideological policing. This is a posture that attacks free expression and viewpoint diversity. The fate of sociology hinges on colleagues grasping the dangers of such policing and finding ways to check it. Remedial measures are suggested.
Neoliberalism: Venturing into the labyrinth
Authors: Lafferty George
Published: June 2020

This review essay addresses one of the most widely used terms in contemporary social science debates: neoliberalism. The term has been engaged increasingly to depict the uncertainties of our contemporary era, from the global political economy to our everyday lives. Despite this widespread usage, though, it lacks any generally accepted interpretation or meaning. These two edited collections provide opportunities to explore the complex and diverse theories, policies and settings within which neoliberalism has assumed its multiple forms. The essay evaluates how the recognition of complexity and diversity within neoliberalism and its interpretations might help us to achieve greater clarity and mutual comprehension.
Ultrasonographic characteristics of medullary thyroid carcinoma according to nodule size: application of the Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System and American Thyroid Association guidelines
Authors: Hahn Soo Yeon , Shin Jung Hee , Oh Young Lyun , Park Ko Woon
Published: June 2020

Background

Few studies have categorized ultrasound (US) findings of various sized medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTCs) according to updated guidelines.

Purpose

To evaluate and compare the differences in US findings of MTC according to nodule size, using the Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (K-TIRADS) and American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines.

Material and Methods

The study included 119 patients with 129 MTC nodules, which were surgically confirmed at our institution between March 1999 and September 2017. Nodules were divided into large (≥1.0 cm) and small (<1.0 cm) groups. US images were analyzed according to the K-TIRADS and ATA guidelines. The differences in US characteristics between small and large nodules were compared using Fisher’s exact or Chi-square tests.

Results

Of 129 MTC nodules, 84 (65.1%) were large nodules and 45 (34.9%) were small nodules. According to the nodule size, small MTC nodules were classified more commonly as high suspicion by K-TIRADS and ATA (95.6% and 93.3%, respectively) ( P < 0.001), but presented neither cystic change, isoechogenicity, nor low suspicion category by K-TIRADS and ATA. In contrast, large MTC nodules showed more frequently cystic change (15.5%), isoechogenicity (16.7%), smooth margins (50%), or low or intermediate suspicion US features by K-TIRADS and ATA (59.6% and 36.0%, respectively) (all P values < 0.001).

Conclusion

Most small MTC nodules are classified as high suspicion on US, whereas large MTC nodules are diagnosed more frequently as low or intermediate suspicion by K-TIRADS and ATA.
Preliminary analysis of serum electrolytes and body mass index in patients with and without urolithiasis
Authors: Zhang Zaixian , Xu Qingquan , Huang Xiaobo , Liu Shihe , Zhang Chuanyu
Published: June 2020

Objectives

To compare body mass index (BMI); serum parameters; and urine parameters between patients with and without urolithiasis.

Methods

Data from 1164 patients admitted to our Department of Urology from January 2011 to July 2013 were retrospectively reviewed; 714 patients (age, 5–87 years; male:female ratio, 1.8:1) exhibited urolithiasis, and 450 patients (age, 12–94 years; male:female ratio, 3.8:1) did not. Blood and urine were collected from patients the morning after hospital admission. Serum and urine parameters were checked by an automatic biochemistry analyzer. Statistical analysis included the Mann–Whitney U test and binary logistic regression.

Results

Serum sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, and carbon dioxide combining power significantly differed between groups. In male patients, serum sodium, calcium, and phosphorus levels were higher in the urolithiasis group, whereas serum potassium and urine pH levels were lower. In female patients, serum sodium was higher in the urolithiasis group. BMI was higher in the urolithiasis group in all patients, male and female. Respective β-values of serum sodium and BMI in male patients were 0.077 and 0.084; in female patients, these values were 0.119 and 0.102.

Conclusions

Changes in serum sodium and BMI may be involved in the pathogenesis and treatment of urolithiasis.
Meta-analysis of 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter gene promoter region polymorphism and post-stroke depression
Authors: Wang Yukai , Liu HongYu , Jiang Yan , Shi Xinxiu , Shao Yankun , Xu Zhong Xin
Published: June 2020

Objective

To investigate the relationship between 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter gene promoter region ( 5-HTTLPR) gene polymorphism and post-stroke depression (PSD).

Methods

We searched the CNKI, China Science and Technology Journal, China WanFang, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for studies of the relationship between 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and PSD. Data were evaluated using Stata software.

Results

The L allele was significantly related to the S allele (OR = 0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.49–0.65). The dominant genotype LL + LS was related to SS (OR = 0.48, 95%CI 0.39–0.59), the recessive genotype LL was related to LS + SS (OR = 0.39, 95%CI: 0.30–0.51), the homozygous genotype LL was related to SS (OR = 0.24, 95%CI 0.18–0.33), and the heterozygous genotype LS was related to SS (OR = 0.55, 95 CI 0.44–0.68). All the differences were significant. Ethnicity subgroup analysis showed significant differences among the five genotypes in both Asians and Caucasians. Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) subgroup analysis showed that, after removal of a non-HWE-conforming control group, all five genotypes were significant and genotypes LL, LS + LL, and LS and L allele had beneficial effects on recovery from PSD.

Conclusion

5-HTTLPR gene polymorphism is strongly associated with PSD, and the LL, LS + LL, and LS genotypes and L allele may protect against this condition.
Association of sirtuin-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression with tumor progression and poor prognosis in liposarcoma
Authors: Wu Hongzeng , Zhang Qianqian , Zhao Yi , Xu Fengzhou , Zhang Jinming , He Hongyan , Wang Xu , Feng Helin
Published: June 2020

Objectives

A relationship exists between sirtuin-1 expression and growth and survival of malignant tumors. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of sirtuin-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in patients with liposarcoma by examining associations between their expression levels and clinical outcomes.

Methods

Clinical and histopathological characteristics and follow-up and survival information were retrospectively reviewed for 42 liposarcoma cases. Sirtuin-1 and VEGF protein expression levels were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and their associations with clinical parameters were analyzed using the Spearman-rho test. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify potential prognostic factors. Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed to analyze overall survival.

Results

Sirtuin-1 and VEGF protein expression levels were significantly associated with histological grade, metastasis, and American Joint Committee on Cancer stage. A significant positive correlation was observed between sirtuin-1 and VEGF expression levels (R = 0.677). In univariate analysis, sirtuin-1 and VEGF expression were correlated with shorter overall survival, but the association was significant only for sirtuin-1 (hazard ratio = 3.752, 95% confidence interval 1.553–9.062) in multivariate analysis.

Conclusion

Sirtuin-1 and VEGF expression levels are significantly correlated with progression of liposarcoma, and sirtuin-1 expression significantly predicts a poor prognosis in patients with liposarcoma.
Drug therapy problems identified among older adults placed in a nursing home: the Croatian experience
Authors: Šola Katarina Fehir , Mucalo Iva , Brajković Andrea , Jukić Ivona , Verbanac Donatella , Vladimir Knežević Sanda
Published: June 2020

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and type of drug therapy problems (DTPs) in older institutionalized adults.

Method

We conducted a cross-sectional observational study from February to June 2016 at a 150-bed public nursing home in Croatia, where comprehensive medication management (CMM) services were provided. A rational decision-making process, referred to as the Pharmacotherapy Workup method, was used to classify DTPs.

Results

Data were prospectively collected from 73 residents, among which 71% were age 75 years or older. The median number of prescribed medications per patient was 7 (2–16) and polypharmacy (> 4) was recorded for 54 (74.0%) patients. A total 313 DTPs were identified, with an average of 4.3 ± 2 DTPs per patient. The most frequent DTP was needing additional drug therapy (n = 118; 37.7%), followed by adverse drug reaction (n = 55; 17.6%). Lactulose (14.4%), tramadol (6.7%), and potassium (6.4%) were the medications most frequently related to DTPs.

Conclusion

The high prevalence of DTPs identified among older institutionalized adults strongly suggests the need to incorporate new pharmacist-led CMM services within existing institutional care facilities, to improve the care provided to nursing home residents.
Prior Academic Achievement as a Predictor of Non-Cognitive Variables and Teacher and Parent Expectations in Students With Learning Disabilities
Authors: Núñez Jose C. , Rodríguez Celestino , Tuero Ellián , Fernández Estrella , Cerezo Rebeca
Published: June 2020

Research has suggested that the relationship between previous academic achievement and student variables is mediated by parent and teacher expectations of the child’s ability and future success. The goal of this study was to analyze the mediating role of teachers’ expectations and teachers’ perceptions of parents’ expectations between previous academic achievement and variables in students with Specific Learning Disorders (SLD) that are significant for school learning. The participants were 230 students with SLD from Spain, between 10 and 14 years old. Extrinsic variables influenced the students’ intrinsic variables even more than the students’ own experiences of academic success or failure. The way in which teachers in the child’s academic life respond to prior results and the expectations they form can affect their instruction and, ultimately, the children’s motivation, involvement, and persistence in learning.
Gender, Race, and Experiences of Workplace Incivility in Public Organizations
Authors: Smith Amy E. , Hassan Shahidul , Hatmaker Deneen M. , DeHart-Davis Leisha , Humphrey Nicole
Published: June 2020

Workplace incivility can have deleterious effects on individuals and organizations such as decreased job satisfaction and commitment, employee turnover, and reductions in morale and performance. Moreover, these effects can be exacerbated for women and employees of color. However, few studies have examined predictors of incivility in public sector organizations. This study explores how public employees’ incivility experiences vary across social categories, specifically by gender and race. Data were collected with a survey from all employees of four local governments in North Carolina. The results of hierarchical linear modeling show that women experience more incivility than men, and that men and women of color experience fewer incidences of incivility than White men and women. We also find that race moderates the relationship between gender and workplace incivility. Specifically, women of color experience more incivility than men of color, but less incivility than White women. Finally, women are more likely than men to experience incivility in departments where women constitute the majority of the workforce. Implications of these results for human resource management in public organizations are discussed.
The physico-mechanical properties of γ-irradiated ethylene propylene diene rubber/high styrene butadiene rubber nanocomposites
Authors: Abdel-Aziz MM , Attia Mona K
Published: June 2020

The mechanical properties of γ-irradiated ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM)/high styrene-butadiene rubber (HSBR) blends were investigated with special reference to the effects of blend ratio. Among the blends, the one with 80/20 EPDM/HSBR has been found to exhibit the highest tensile, hardness, thermal, and abrasion properties. The effect of γ-irradiation dose on the mechanical properties namely tensile strength and elongation at break was investigated. The effect of silane coupling agent on the mentioned properties of the EPDM/HSBR blend was studied. The results showed that the mechanical and the thermal properties of the γ-irradiated EPDM/HSBR blend improved with the addition of the silane coupling agent due to the increase in the cross-linking density. The inclusion of both the 30 phr fumed silica and N, N- m-phenylenedimaleimide coagent in the 80/20 EPDM/HSBR nanocomposite irradiated to 150 kGy leads to a synergistic effect. Thermogravimetric analysis was carried out to analyze the thermal stability of the nanocomposites. The mechanical properties have been interpreted in terms of the morphology of the blends as attested by scanning electron microscope.
Time-domain reflectometry–based real-time slope stability monitoring in opencast mines: A review
Authors: Kumar Ajay
Published: June 2020

Time-domain reflectometry plays a crucial role in slope stability. Slope stability factors are an important parameter in the mining regions over opencast mine slope failure. Conventional methods are oldest as well as poorest risk assessments for monitoring and predication over slope failure conditions. Time-domain reflectometry application has been used among various fields of research at different areas of interest. But, it is implemented in mining area at opencast mines for phonographic review over slope failure conditions. This is a recent technology with low cost, which uses a wireless transmission system for high-risk assessment over slope stability measurement by received signal strength indicator. Moreover, this research is more suitable for monitoring of slope stability as well as less complex about time-domain reflectometry application of installation and real-time slope stability monitoring. The review case of time-domain reflectometry application is linked into the mining area. So, this result is best suitability of time-domain reflectometry and the Internet of things for real-time slope stability monitoring in opencast mines.
The “placebo” paradox and the emotion paradox: Challenges to psychological explanation
Authors: Hutchinson Phil
Published: June 2020

Philosophical debates about how best to explain emotion or placebo are debates about how best to characterise and explain the distinctive form of human responsiveness to the world that is the object of interest for each of those domains of inquiry. In emotion research, the cognitive theory of emotion faces several intractable problems. I discuss two of these: the problem of epistemic deficit and the problem of recalcitrant emotions. Cognitive explanations in Placebo Studies, such as response-expectancy and belief-based explanations, also face the problem of epistemic deficit in addition to the problem of logically self-destructive true belief. While such considerations might motivate a retreat to affect, this brings its own problems. I argue that it is a particular version of cognitivism, representational cognitivism (Rep-Cog), that generates the paradoxes we encounter in emotion and placebo research. I propose that turning to nonrepresentational accounts of cognition will dissolve these paradoxes. As I move toward conclusion, I propose drawing on the ethnomethodological tradition to respecify human responsiveness to loci of significance in the lifeworld by undertaking ethnographies of members’ own situated methods for making intelligible and accountable their attitudinal and nonattitudinal responsiveness to loci of significance in their environment.
Adiponectin in onset and progression of T2DM with cardiac dysfunction in rats
Authors: Gupta C , Bubber P , Fahim M , Saidullah B , Omanwar S
Published: June 2020

Cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients have low level of adiponectin, however, till now the role of adiponectin in progression of ‘T2DM with cardiac dysfunction’ in animal model has not been characterized. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to develop and characterize T2DM animal model with cardiac dysfunction and to study the role of cardiac adiponectin expression in cardiac dysfunction. For this, Wistar rats (M/F) were fed a high-fat diet for different time periods: 3, 4 and 5 weeks and given a single, low-dose streptozotocin (25mg/kg), intraperitoneal injection 1 week prior to the experiments. Rats in T2DM group (3 weeks) developed hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, oxidative stress with normoinsulinaemia and mild cardiac dysfunction suggesting onset of T2DM with cardiac dysfunction. Extended high-fat feeding, that is, 4 and 5 weeks induced insulin resistance accompanied with cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac dysfunction and reduced baroreflex sensitivity indicating development of T2DM with cardiac dysfunction. Cardiac adiponectin expression did not change in rats of T2DM group (3 weeks), however, it significantly decreased in rats of two T2DM groups (4 and 5 weeks) along with increased intracellular adhesion molecule-1 levels. Thus, the present study for the first time indicates that in the present T2DM animal model, as T2DM progresses cardiac adiponectin expression also decreases which might be the precipitating factor for cardiac hypertrophy and decrease in baroreflex sensitivity, which induces cardiac dysfunction.
Collective Narcissism and Its Social Consequences: The Bad and the Ugly
Authors: Golec de Zavala Agnieszka , Lantos Dorottya
Published: June 2020

Collective narcissism is a belief that one’s own group (the in-group) is exceptional but not sufficiently recognized by others. It is the form of “in-group love” robustly associated with “out-group hate.” In contrast to private collective self-esteem (or in-group satisfaction, a belief that the in-group is of high value), it predicts prejudice, retaliatory intergroup aggression, and rejoicing in the suffering of other people. The pervasive association between collective narcissism and intergroup hostility is driven by a biased perception of the in-group as constantly threatened and out-groups as hostile and threatening. Collective narcissism is associated with hypersensitivity to provocation and the belief that only hostile revenge is a desirable and rewarding response. It arises when the traditional group-based hierarchies are challenged and empowers extremists as well as populist politicians. Instead of alleviating the sense of threat to one’s self-importance, it refuels it. The association between collective narcissism and intergroup hostility is weakened by experiences that fortify emotional resilience (e.g., positive identification with a community).
Factors Influencing Consumer Intention to Shop Online in Nigeria: A Conceptual Study
Authors: Usman Muhammad Umar , Kumar Pawan
Published: June 2020

Undoubtedly internet technology has become crucial to the global economic growth process as it comes with enormous opportunities. Presently, the focus is shifting to online shopping in the electronic commerce system globally. Online shopping is a growing phenomenon that has become a popular means of shopping particularly common in developed nations. Despite series of studies conducted across the globe investigating consumers’ intentions towards online shopping, no much research has been done pertaining the exploration of such factors. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the influential factors determining consumers’ intention to accept online shopping in Nigerian context. The paper develops a conceptual framework that will provide a better understanding of consumer purchase intention. Secondary data was used oversight in the study. We undertake a critical review of relevant literature in order to arrive at our conceptual model. The paper revealed that online shopping intention and its continuity depend on consumers’ attitude that is eventually impacted by the identified factors. The proposed conceptual framework presents good theoretical platform for empirical grounded study on internet shopping in the study area.
Apple’s Tale: The Engagement and Sense-Making of Apple’s Story-Based Advertisements
Authors: Lim Frendy , Puspita Virienia
Published: June 2020

This study aims to examine the storytelling of Apple’s three story-based advertisements, namely Share Your Gift, Real Stories and Welcome Home. It is discovered that the three advertisements position Apple products as the heroes of the stories, contain dramatic or exaggerated events and narrate a universal problem known by the majority of the society. These points then contribute to the three advertisements’ narrative probability and fidelity introduced in Walter Fisher’s (1985b) narrative paradigm. After the analysis, it is found that all the three of Apple’s story-based advertisements discussed in this study contain adequate narrative probability and fidelity, making Apple’s selling message in these advertisements believable.
Component Analysis of Training and Goal Setting, Self-Monitoring, and Tactile Prompting on Early Childhood Educators’ Behavior-Specific Praise
Authors: Markelz Andrew , Riden Benjamin , Hooks Sara D.
Published: June 2020

Multicomponent interventions have successfully increased early childhood teachers’ rates of behavior-specific praise (BSP); however, package interventions do not allow for nuanced examinations of intervention components. We examined the effects of an intervention package with training, goal setting, self-monitoring, and tactile prompting on early childhood teachers’ BSP rates using an add-in, multiple probe, component analysis. In addition, we measured child on-task behaviors to assess the relation between increased BSP rates and children behavior. We used visual analysis and found that each component increased teachers’ BSP rates; two out of three teacher participants needed the most intense intervention (tactile prompting) to reach mastery criterion. Variable generalized BSP statements to other children in the class occurred between baseline and intervention components. The percentage of child on-task behaviors systematically increased in relation to higher BSP rates.
Pregnancy Termination in the Case of an Orofacial Cleft: An Investigation of the Concept of Reproductive Autonomy
Authors: Hens Kristien , Hens Greet
Published: June 2020

Objective:

To describe ethical approaches to the issue of pregnancy termination after prenatal detection of cleft lip ± palate.

Results:

Gynecologists and cleft surgeons are sometimes confronted with the demand for a pregnancy termination after ultrasound detection of an isolated cleft lip/cleft palate. In this article, we discuss different ethical theories and principles that can be applied to the dilemma at hand. We formulate recommendations that will respect the right to autonomy of the pregnant woman and at the same time acknowledge that a termination of pregnancy for a cleft lip may in most cases not be the best option.

Conclusion:

The recognition of each person’s right to reproductive autonomy also entails that clinicians should make sure that prospective parents are provided with up-to-date and relevant clinical information.
Subnational State Capacity and the Repression of Protest: Evidence from Mexico
Authors: Sullivan Heather
Published: June 2020

While protests occurring in nationally democratic contexts rarely represent fundamental threats to the central state, they still need management when and where they occur. Thus, this paper suggests that, especially in federal countries, to explain the repression of protest, we must examine subnational politics. Subnational political elites, often tasked with protest management, can engage protesters and call for police restraint, but their capacity and authority affect their ability to carry out these tasks. The paper tests the theory using original event-level data on Mexican protests and responses and leverages within-country variations in democracy and state capacity. The paper shows that where subnational governments have bureaucratic capacity and where citizen linkages to the state cause them to see state agents as relevant, problem-solving authorities, protest events are less likely to be managed using a repressive response. In addition, the paper highlights a key difference between explanations of overall human rights violations and repressive responses to protest, namely, that electoral competition is not a significant factor reducing the likelihood of repressive responses to protest.
“Pauci-Hemosiderotic” Fibrolipomatous Tumor: A Mimicker of Various Lipomatous Lesions
Authors: Pang C. Y. , Wong Edmund , Liao J. W. , Chan John K. C. , Cheuk Wah
Published: June 2020

Hemosiderotic fibrolipomatous tumor is a rare soft tissue tumor that preferentially affects the dorsum of foot, shows recurrent t(1;10) translocation targeting TGFBR3 and OGA ( MGEA5) genes, and has a high recurrence potential. Hemosiderin deposits, mature adipocytes, and interspersed spindle cells are the 3 cardinal morphologic features of this tumor. We describe a “pauci-hemosiderotic” example involving the left wrist of a 45-year-old female, posing a diagnostic pitfall. The tumor comprised mature adipose tissue traversed by variably thick fibrous septa containing short fascicles of spindle cells. Prominent small- to medium-sized blood vessels were present, often with perivascular fibrosis or aggregates of foamy histiocytes, sometimes associated with red cell extravasation. Hemosiderin was not conspicuous, but fine deposits could be found focally on careful search and with the aid of Perls stain. The diagnosis was further confirmed by diffuse expression of CD34 and presence of OGA translocation by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Pathologists should be aware that hemosiderin deposition can be scanty and focal in hemosiderotic fibrolipomatous, but the rich vasculature with a “damaged” appearance is a useful diagnostic clue.
Potential Development Contribution of Fisheries Reform: Evidence From Pakistan
Authors: Kaczan David J. , Patil Pawan G.
Published: June 2020

Mismanagement threatens the productivity and sustainability of an increasing number of capture fisheries globally, hindering these resources’ ability to contribute to socioeconomic and environmental outcomes such as those embodied in the Sustainable Development Goals. Using Pakistan as a case study, we assess the contribution that improved management of Pakistan’s marine fisheries can make to development through economic growth, productivity, employment, and resource sustainability. Using a bioeconomic model based on a recent stock assessment, we find large projected benefits of fisheries reform relative to business as usual. However, projected production volume is not higher than current output, which is inflated by ongoing overfishing. Aquaculture is found to have potential for substantial and complementary socioeconomic benefits. We highlight how Pakistan’s fisheries mirror global trends of plateauing wild capture and falling productivity and suggest key policy changes and investments along the value chain that can underpin more productive and sustainable fisheries in this context.
Electrocardiographic Changes Associated With Ibrutinib Exposure
Authors: Fradley Michael G. , Welter-Frost Allan , Gliksman Matthew , Emole Josephine , Viganego Federico , Lee Dae Hyun , Shah Bijal , Chavez Julio C. , Pinilla-Ibarz Javier , Schabath Matthew B.
Published: June 2020

Although ibrutinib-associated atrial and ventricular arrhythmias have been well described, there is little information about ibrutinib’s effects on other electrocardiographic parameters, particularly the QT interval. Using our database of 137 patients treated with ibrutinib, we retrospectively identified 21 patients in whom an electrocardiogram (ECG) was obtained both prior to and after ibrutinib exposure. All traditional ECG parameters as well as QT dispersion were manually measured by an electrophysiologist. Compared to baseline ECGs, post ibrutinib ECGs demonstrated QT interval shortening from 386 ms to 356 ms ( P = .007), corrected QT interval shortening using Bazett’s formula from 446 ms to 437 ms ( P = .04), and corrected QT interval shortening using Fridericia’s formula from 425 ms to 407 ms ( P = .003). QT dispersion also increased post ibrutinib exposure compared to baseline (39.8 ms vs 57.3 ms, P = .002). There was no significant change in other ECG parameters. In conclusion, both the absolute and corrected QT intervals significantly shortened after ibrutinib exposure, while there was a significant increase in QT dispersion. These findings may point to a common underlying electrophysiologic mechanism of ibrutinib-associated arrhythmias.
Machine Learning in Cardiology—Ensuring Clinical Impact Lives Up to the Hype
Authors: Russak Adam J. , Chaudhry Farhan , De Freitas Jessica K. , Baron Garrett , Chaudhry Fayzan F. , Bienstock Solomon , Paranjpe Ishan , Vaid Akhil , Ali Mohsin , Zhao Shan , Somani Sulaiman , Richter Felix , Bawa Tejeshwar , Levy Phillip D. , Miotto Riccardo , Nadkarni Girish N. , Johnson Kipp W. , Glicksberg Benjamin S.
Published: June 2020

Despite substantial advances in the study, treatment, and prevention of cardiovascular disease, numerous challenges relating to optimally screening, diagnosing, and managing patients remain. Simultaneous improvements in computing power, data storage, and data analytics have led to the development of new techniques to address these challenges. One powerful tool to this end is machine learning (ML), which aims to algorithmically identify and represent structure within data. Machine learning’s ability to efficiently analyze large and highly complex data sets make it a desirable investigative approach in modern biomedical research. Despite this potential and enormous public and private sector investment, few prospective studies have demonstrated improved clinical outcomes from this technology. This is particularly true in cardiology, despite its emphasis on objective, data-driven results. This threatens to stifle ML’s growth and use in mainstream medicine. We outline the current state of ML in cardiology and outline methods through which impactful and sustainable ML research can occur. Following these steps can ensure ML reaches its potential as a transformative technology in medicine.
Corneal perforation associated with isolated ocular lichen planus: a case report
Authors: Gomez-Elizondo Daniela E , Lopez-Martinez Mariana , Ruiz-Lozano Raul Eduardo , Valdez-Garcia Jorge E , Hernandez-Camarena Julio C
Published: June 2020

Introduction:

To report a case of unilateral corneal perforation due to isolated ocular lichen planus.

Methods:

Interventional case report. Informed consent by the patient was obtained to publish clinical images. A 64-year-old male presented with severe vision loss and a 2-week history of corneal perforation treated with penetrating keratoplasty in the left eye. He had a longstanding diagnosis of severe chronic dry eye disease. On the initial assessment a visual acuity of 20/50 in the RE and HM perception in the left eye were documented. Biomicroscopy revealed subepithelial fibrosis on the tarsal conjunctiva and clinical signs of severe dry eye disease in both eyes. A clear corneal button and a white cataract were observed in the left eye. No other skin or mucosal lesions were observed.

Results:

An excisional biopsy of the bulbar conjunctiva was performed under topical anesthesia. Direct immunofluorescence analysis revealed a linear deposit of fibrinogen in the basement membrane consistent with ocular lichen planus. Clinical improvement was achieved using aggressive topical lubrication, corneal epithelial regenerators, topical tacrolimus, and immunosuppressive therapy with systemic corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide.

Conclusion:

Isolated ocular lichen planus is an extremely infrequent presentation of lichen planus often indistinguishable from other cicatricial conjunctivitis. Corneal perforation is a severe complication associated with severe dry eye, not previously reported with ocular lichen planus. An adequate clinical assessment and histopathologic diagnosis are crucial to lead prompt treatment and prevent sight-threatening complications.
Mentalization-based treatments with children and families: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Byrne Gary , Murphy Síle , Connon Graham
Published: June 2020

Objectives:

Over the past decade, mentalization-based treatment (MBT) approaches have been developed specifically for children, adolescents and families. This study provides a systematic review of MBT applicable to both children and families.

Method:

Five databases were searched to identify reports of MBT studies published up to February 2020. Studies were screened and reported according to PRISMA guidelines.

Results:

A total of 34 studies were included in this review. Of these, 14 focused on parent–child dyads, two on child therapy, seven applied the approach to parenting, four evaluated the application of MBT to the school environment and seven focused on adolescent populations.

Conclusion:

Despite methodological shortcomings and heterogeneity in design, the existing literature does provide tentative support for the use of MBT approaches for these populations, specifically in increasing mentalizing/reflective functioning. Further controlled and methodologically rigorous studies are required.
Holding the mirror up to converted languages: Two grammars, one lexicon
Authors: Meakins Felicity , Pensalfini Rob
Published: June 2020

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions:

This article describes an unusual result of language contact occurring in North-Central Australia, where extensive long-term contact between speakers of the genetically unrelated Jingulu and Mudburra has resulted in a high degree of lexical borrowing, with little if any change to syntactic or morphological structure in either language. What is particularly unusual about this borrowing is that it is bidirectional, with almost equal numbers of words being borrowed from Jingulu into Mudburra as vice versa. This situation mirrors that of converted languages, where two varieties have come to share a grammar through contact, but retain separate lexicons.

Design/methodology/approach:

We use a comparative database to establish the direction of noun borrowings between these languages.

Data and analysis:

The comparative database consists of 871 nouns shared by Jingulu and Mudburra and also includes 571 corresponding nouns from a number of geographically and phylogenetically neighbouring languages: Wambaya, Gurindji, Jaminjung, Jaru, Warlmanpa and Warumungu.

Findings/conclusions:

We show that for nouns alone, Mudburra and Jingulu share 65% of their forms. What makes the Jingulu-Mudburra situation even more unusual is the relatively balanced bidirectional nature of borrowings, with 32% of shared nouns originating in Mudburra and 24.5% from Jingulu (for the remaining 43.5%, direction of borrowing could not be determined).

Originality:

We suggest that that this situation of bidirectional borrowing represents a hitherto unreported type of language hybridisation scenario, which we dub ‘lexical convergence’.

Significance/implications:

We claim that this unusual situation is the result of long-term cohabitation of the two groups, a shared cultural life and relative socio-political equality between the two groups. We venture that these may be requisite to the sort of extensive bidirectional borrowing and maintenance of individual grammatical systems found in lexical convergence more generally.
Machine learning algorithms for predicting occupants' behaviour in the manual control of windows for cross-ventilation in homes
Authors: Park Junseok , Jeong Bongchan , Chae Young-Tae , Jeong Jae-Weon
Published: June 2020

The manual control of windows is one of the common adaptive behaviours for occupants to adjust their indoor environment in homes. The cross-ventilation by the window opening provides a useful tool to control the thermal comfort and indoor air quality in homes. The objective of this study was to develop a modelling methodology for predicting individual occupant's behaviour relating to the manual control of windows by using machine learning algorithms. The proposed six machine learning algorithms were trained by the field monitoring data of 23 sample homes. The predictive performance of the machine learning algorithms was analysed. The algorithms predicted the occupant's behaviour more precisely compared with the logistic model. Among the algorithms, K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN) shows the best fitness with the monitored data set. The driving parameters of the manual control of windows in each sample home can be clearly drawn by the algorithms. The proposed machine learning algorithms can help to understand the influence of the occupant's behaviour on the indoor environment in buildings.
Ingestible sensors, data, and pharmaceuticals: Subjectivity in the era of digital mental health
Authors: Flore Jacinthe
Published: June 2020

This article examines a notable innovation of digital mental health: Abilify MyCite, approved by the United States’ Food and Drug Administration in 2017. This antipsychotic is equipped with an ingestible sensor which communicates with a wearable patch, smartphone app, and online portal. The article approaches Abilify MyCite as an assemblage of technologies: trackers, sensors, patches, apps, programming, smartphones, and the Internet. Drawing on science and technology studies and new materialism, it examines the production of subjectivity in the era of digital mental health. Through this case study, the article offers a theoretical framework for understanding how subjectivity and knowledge of mental health and illness are transformed through the combination of technology and pharmaceuticals, and the entanglement of human and non-human actors. I propose viewing mental health and illness in times of digital mental health as technological world-making, where sensors, objects, knowledge, and subjectivity emerge together in more-than-human worlds.
An ‘outsider within’: considering positionality and reflexivity in research on HIV-positive adolescent mothers in South Africa
Authors: Adeagbo Morolake Josephine
Published: June 2020

Using a feminist theoretical framework, this article reflects on the issues of power between ‘the researched’ and ‘the researcher’ and highlights the problematic of shared identities and dissimilarities. The article considers the epistemological challenges encountered by a Black female (mother) ‘foreigner’ researcher and the gendered implications of the insider–outsider binary in conducting doctoral research. Additionally, this article presents the personal reflections of the ‘outsider within’ during data collection, in order to contribute to ongoing dialogue on researchers’ reflexivity and positionality in qualitative research. It is the researcher’s responsibility to make a conscious effort in comprehending how paramount her position is, in order to negotiate and reflect relevant spaces during fieldwork. This article concludes that the insider/outsider dynamics do not necessarily work against the researcher/researched but could be appreciated for adding nuance and ambiguity to research.
Predictors of patient-reported outcomes at discharge in patients with heart failure
Authors: Rasmussen Anne A , Johnsen Søren P , Berg Selina K , Rasmussen Trine B , Borregaard Britt , Thrysoee Lars , Thorup Charlotte B , Mols Rikke E , Wiggers Henrik , Larsen Signe H
Published: June 2020

Background:

It is well-established that heart failure has a negative impact on quality of life. However, little is known about patient-related predictors of health-related quality of life, anxiety and depression, symptoms and illness perception among patients with heart failure.

Aim:

To study the association between patient-related predictors and patient-reported outcome measures at discharge from hospital in a cohort of patients with heart failure.

Methods:

We used data from 1506 patients with heart failure, participating in the national DenHeart Survey of patient-reported outcome measures in patients with heart disease. The potential patient-related predictors included demographic, administrative, clinical and socioeconomic factors. The patient-reported outcome measures included six questionnaires: the Short Form-12, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the EuroQol five-dimensional, five-level questionnaire, the HeartQoL, the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire and the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale. Data were linked to national patient registry data and medical records. We performed multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses.

Results:

In adjusted linear regression analyses we found that a length of hospital stay of >2 days was associated with worse scores across questionnaires, except for the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire. Higher comorbidity level was associated with worse scores across all questionnaires, whereas low social support was associated with worse scores across questionnaires, except for the physical domain of the Short Form-12 and the HeartQoL global score.

Conclusions:

This study identified length of hospital stay > 2 days, a higher comorbidity level and low social support to be associated with worse scores across questionnaires at discharge from a cardiac-related hospitalisation in patients with heart failure.
Oncogenic and Circadian Effects of Small Molecules Directly and Indirectly Targeting the Core Circadian Clock
Authors: Lin Hui-Hsien , Robertson Kelly L. , Bisbee Heather A. , Farkas Michelle E.
Published: June 2020

Circadian rhythms are essential for controlling the cell cycle, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis, and hence are tightly linked to cell fate. Several recent studies have used small molecules to affect circadian oscillations; however, their concomitant cellular effects were not assessed, and they have not been compared under similar experimental conditions. In this work, we use five molecules, grouped into direct versus indirect effectors of the circadian clock, to modulate periods in a human osteosarcoma cell line (U2OS) and determine their influences on cellular behaviors, including motility and colony formation. Luciferase reporters, whose expression was driven via Bmal1- or Per2-promoters, were used to facilitate the visualization and quantitative analysis of circadian oscillations. We show that all molecules increase or decrease the circadian periods of Bmal1 and Per2 in a dose-dependent manner, but period length does not correlate with the extent of cell migration or proliferation. Nonetheless, molecules that affected circadian oscillations to a greater degree resulted in substantial influence on cellular behaviors (ie, motility and colony formation), which may also be attributable to noncircadian targets. Furthermore, we find that the ability and extent to which the molecules are able to affect oscillations is independent of whether they are direct or indirect modulators. Because of the numerous connections and feedback between the circadian clock and other pathways, it is important to consider the effects of both in assessing these and other compounds.