bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attenuation relations for strong seismic ground motion in Canada
Authors: Hasegawa H. S. , Basham P. W. , Berry M. J.
Published: June 2021

Strong seismic ground motion attenuation relations based primarily on Western United States data, in conjunction with intensity data from eastern and western Canada, are employed to derive new attenuation relations for horizontal strong seismic ground motion for application throughout Canada. The following peak acceleration (ap) and peak velocity (vp) relations are proposed for use in western Canada

a p ( cm sec − 2 ) = 10 e 1.3 M R − 1.5 v p ( cm sec − 1 ) = 0.00040 e 2.3 M R − 1.3

where M is magnitude and R hypocentral distance (km). The difference in the distance attenuation of Modified Mercalli intensity in eastern and western Canada, and an assumption of equivalent strong motion in the near field in the two regions, is applied to the western relations to derive the following relations proposed for use in eastern Canada

a p ( cm sec − 2 ) = 3.4 e 1.3 M R − 1.1 v p ( cm sec − 1 ) = 0.00018 e 2.3 M R − 1.0 .

The proposed relations are in reasonable agreement with the small amount of strong motion data available for western and eastern Canada. Within the accuracy justified by very scattered experimental data, peak vertical and sustained horizontal acceleration and velocity can be estimated as 23 of the peak horizontal values.

The magnitude and distance dependence of acceleration and velocity parameters are sufficiently different that the relative levels of ground motion bounds in different frequency ranges will depend on the dominant magnitudes of, and distance ranges to, the earthquakes contributing risk in various regions of Canada. The results indicate the importance of mapping risk for parameters in addition to simple peak acceleration, and suggest alternative methods of deriving ground motion bounds required for the development of design response spectra.
Peak horizontal acceleration and velocity from strong-motion records including records from the 1979 imperial valley, California, earthquake
Authors: Joyner William B. , Boore David M.
Published: June 2021

We have taken advantage of the recent increase in strong-motion data at close distances to derive new attenuation relations for peak horizontal acceleration and velocity. This new analysis uses a magnitude-independent shape, based on geometrical spreading and anelastic attenuation, for the attenuation curve. An innovation in technique is introduced that decouples the determination of the distance dependence of the data from the magnitude dependence. The resulting equations are

log A = − 1.02 + 0.249 M − log r − 0.00255 r + 0.26 P r = ( d 2 + 7.3 2 ) 1 / 2 5.0 ≦ M ≦ 7.7 log V = − 0.67 + 0.489 M − log r − 0.00256 r + 0.17 S + 0.22 P r = ( d 2 + 4.0 2 ) 1 / 2 5.3 ≦ M ≦ 7.4

where A is peak horizontal acceleration in g, V is peak horizontal velocity in cm/ sec, M is moment magnitude, d is the closest distance to the surface projection of the fault rupture in km, S takes on the value of zero at rock sites and one at soil sites, and P is zero for 50 percentile values and one for 84 percentile values.

We considered a magnitude-dependent shape, but we find no basis for it in the data; we have adopted the magnitude-independent shape because it requires fewer parameters.
Modeling and detecting interactions between earth tides and earthquakes with application to an aftershock sequence in the Pyrenees
Authors: Souriau Marc , Souriau Annie , Gagnepain Jannine
Published: June 2021

abstract

Assuming that earthquakes are governed by solid friction and that the fault plane solutions are known, a simplified model of correlation between the seismicity and a specified component of the tidal stress is proposed. In the case of an earthquake sequence with a uniform time distribution and with a prevailing focal mechanism, a test of statistical significance is derived from a binomial probability distribution.

This interaction model is checked over the aftershock sequence of a magnitude 5 earthquake which occurred within a seismic array in the Pyrenees on 29 February 1980. The tidal stress field, including the ocean tide effect, is computed for this area. The global time decrease of the seismicity is taken into account by a time transformation. In order to deal with the time and space complexity of the stress field, a moving window analysis is used. It is shown that during one 7-day period out of a total of 30 days, a positive correlation appears between earth tides and seismicity, in agreement with the proposed model.
P-wave complexity and fault asperities: The Borrego Mountain, California, earthquake of 1968
Authors: Ebel John E. , Helmberger Donald V.
Published: June 2021

Results from a synthetic seismogram analysis of the short-period P waves from the Borrego Mountain earthquake of 9 April 1968 (ML = 6.4) are used to model the strong-motion recording at El Centro. A short-period-long-period deconvolution analysis of the teleseismic P waves suggested that a two-source model would fit the data much better than the single-source model presented by Burdick and Mellman (1976). Forward and inverse modeling of the data demonstrated that two sources, each of less than 2-sec duration, the second occurring 2.2 sec after the first and both being at about 8-km depth, best fit the short-period waveforms. From this model, long-period synthetics were generated which were found to be quite compatible with the data. This source model was also used to synthesize the strong-motion SH displacement, velocity, and acceleration records from El Centro, California. The close match of synthetics and data is used to argue that short-period waveforms contain much information about asperities which play a crucial role in the near-source strong motions from an earthquake. The Borrego Mountain event probably began with the failure of a fault asperity. The evidence for this is the several-hundred-bars stress drops of the two short-period sources and the probable location of these sources in a place where there was almost no aftershock activity or postseismic creep on the fault.
Estimation of the peak horizontal ground acceleration based on peak accelerations of the components
Authors: Mostaghel N. , Ahmadi G.
Published: June 2021

Lower and upper bounds of the peak horizontal ground acceleration are obtained through the consideration of the peak accelerations of two horizontal orthogonal components of the ground motion. Since the bounded region is relatively narrow, it is proposed to use the mean of the upper and lower bound accelerations as the peak horizontal ground acceleration. This mean value is equal to 1.20 times the larger peak acceleration of the two horizontal components of the ground motion. To support the proposed value, a simplified statistical analysis is also employed which results in a mean plus one standard deviation value for the peak horizontal ground acceleration of 1.24 times the larger peak acceleration. These conclusions are also supported by comparison with 50 pairs of earthquake acceleration records. For the resultant acceleration, the 50 pairs of records yield a mean plus one standard deviation estimate of the order of 1.20 times the larger peak acceleration.
Single-station fault plane solutions
Authors: Langston Charles A.
Published: June 2021

abstract

Fault plane solutions are derived from systematic trial-and-error (“grid”) testing of three-component body waveform data from a single station. Modeling P and SH waveform data from five shallow events recorded teleseismically demonstrates that radiation pattern information contained within the interference of the direct wave and surface reflections and the overall relative amplitude between P and SH waveforms is sufficient to discriminate between fault type (e.g., strike-slip versus dip-slip) and often agrees with well-constrained first-motion studies. Events studied are the 9 April 1968 Borrego Mountain, California; 20 June 1978 Thessaloniki, Greece; 13 August 1978 Santa Barbara, California; 20 May 1979 Alaska; and 6 August 1979 Coyote Lake, California, earthquakes. It is also shown using data from the 27 July 1980 Sharpsburg, Kentucky, earthquake that inclusion of pP/P and sP/P polarity and amplitude information to an otherwise unconstrained first-motion study can significantly improve the quality of the fault plane solution. Although there are many potential problems (source multiplicity, directivity, etc.) which can prohibit finding a good model with these techniques and inclusion of data from many stations is clearly desirable, the results of this study suggest that sparse, high-quality waveform data sets may be as or more useful for obtaining source mechanisms than standard first-motion studies. At a minimum, they should be performed together as a consistency check. This procedure would be most useful in the common situation where only a few receivers are available for a particular event.
Earthquake mechanisms and tsunami generation: The Kurile Islands event of 13 October 1963
Authors: Ward Steven N.
Published: June 2021

abstract

Investigations of tsunamigenesis on a spherically symmetric and elastic Earth using normal mode summations and moment tensor line sources are extended to include general double-couple mechanisms so that computed tsunami waveforms can be compared with specific observations. Amplitudes of 19 tide gauge records of the Kurile Islands sea wave of 13 October 1963 are reproduced within a factor of 2 by either a single line source 250 km in length or by a triplet of parallel line sources separated by 42 km. Both models predict a strong beaming of tsunami strength with wave heights toward the northwest and southeast three to eight times larger than those in the northeast and southwest. For faults over 150 km in length, 2 of the 6 moment tensor components dominate tsunami production. This fact motivated the coining of a new parameter, tsunami moment Mt. By cataloging tsunami fields produced by suites of fault mechanisms, I find that Mt is approximately proportional to the tsunamigenic potential of earthquakes. Despite the critical role of fault mechanism in tsunami generation, many sources have nearly equal tsunami moment and nearly equal ability for sea wave excitation. Estimates of shallow source strength from measurements of elastic surface waves have questionable integrity at both long (>100 sec) and short (>30 sec) periods. Amplitudes of high-frequency waves suffer from saturation due to source size and duration, while low-frequency amplitudes are unstable with respect to small perturbations in fault mechanism because of the influence of the Earth's surface. Many tsunami earthquakes may be artifacts of underestimated source strength resulting from the inefficiency of shallow, nearly vertical dip-slip faults to produce long-period surface waves.
Mapping of crack edges by seismic methods
Authors: Achenbach J. D. , Norris A. , Viswanathan K.
Published: June 2021

abstract

The inverse problem of diffraction of elastic waves by the edge of a large crack has been investigated on the basis of elastodynamic ray theory and the geometrical theory of diffraction. Two methods are discussed for the mapping of the edge of a crack-like flaw in an elastic medium. The methods require as input data the arrival times of diffracted ultrasonic signals. The first method maps flash points on the crack edge by a process of triangulation with the source and receiver as given vertices of the triangle. By the use of arrival times at neighboring positions of the source and/or the receiver, the directions of signal propagation, which determine the triangle, can be computed. This inverse mapping is global in the sense that no a priori knowledge of the location of the crack edge is necessary. The second method is a local edge mapping which determines planes relative to a known point close to the crack edge. Each plane contains a flash point. The envelope of the planes maps an approximation to the crack edge. The errors due to inaccuracies in the input data and in the computational procedure have been illustrated by specific examples.
Preliminary microzonation of the Memphis, Tennessee, area
Authors: Sharma Sunil , Kovacs William D.
Published: June 2021

abstract

The city of Memphis, which is situated very close to the inferred epicenter of one of the three major 1811 to 1812 earthquakes, is in a potentially hazardous zone which will be susceptible to the usual seismic hazards. By recognizing the high level of seismicity in the New Madrid area, this study attempts to microzone the potential hazards by considering the following subjects: (i) the seismicity of the central United States; (ii) design earthquakes; and (iii) response analysis which allows construction of the necessary microzonation maps.

The seismicity of the region is evaluated from state-of-the-art literature as there is no recorded strong-motion data available for the central United States. Synthetically generated accelerograms, simulating the design earthquakes, were used to represent the ground motions which were applied at a depth of 45 m, below ground surface, at numerous sites in Memphis. The soil stratigraphy was conceptualized from borehole data, made available by local sources, and dynamic soil properties estimated from available empirical correlations.

The results of the response analysis were transformed into microzonation maps depicting: (i) zones showing qualitative estimates of ground response; (ii) zones showing the natural frequency of the soils; (iii) zones showing the peak spectral acceleration for 2 per cent damping ratio; and (iv) zones of liquefaction potential.

These maps are useful for preliminary design and are not intended to be used on a quantitative basis. Further investigation is necessary in determining the stratigraphy and soil properties for a site-specific design and analysis.
The solution of the dynamic field of the Haskell fault model reconsidered
Authors: List R. D.
Published: June 2021

abstract

A method of obtaining the displacement field of the Haskell model of an earthquake source, based on the well-known equivalence of seismic dislocations and body force, is described. It is shown that the solution of Madariaga (1978) can be generalized and that the two methods are equivalent for the problem of a rectangular dislocation expanding on a plane in an infinite space with a variable rupture speed and variable slip in the direction of rupture. One of the advantages of the equivalent body force method is that it can be used to readily obtain the transformed solution to the Haskell model in a half-space for a rectangular dislocation, expanding with variable rupture speed and variable slip.
The Sharpsburg, Kentucky, earthquake of 27 July 1980
Authors: Herrmann Robert B. , Langston Charles A. , Zollweg James E.
Published: June 2021

abstract

The Sharpsburg, Kentucky, earthquake was the second largest earthquake to have occurred in the United States, east of the Continental Divide, in the past 20 yr, having a seismic moment of 4.1 × 1023 dyne-cm. A surface-wave focal mechanism study defines a nodal plane striking N30°E, dipping 50°SE, and a nearly vertical nodal plane striking N60°W. P-wave first motion data indicate right-lateral motion on the nodal plane striking N30°E, with the pressure axes oriented east-west. These angles can be varied by ±10° without affecting the fit to the surface-wave data. The surface-wave solution is reinforced by a modeling of long-period seismograms at regional distances.

The P, pP, and sP polarities and amplitudes from the short-period vertical component array stack at NORSAR are used together with six unambiguous short-period P-wave first motions recorded in North America to test whether it is possible to constrain focal mechanism solutions with such data. These solutions are compatible with the surface-wave solution. Waveform modeling of the NORSAR data suggests a source pulse duration of 1.0 sec and constrains the depth to 12.0 km. To match mb estimates from NORSAR and Canadian stations, t*, for teleseismic P, must be 0.7 and 0.5, respectively, when the synthetics are scaled using the surface-wave seismic moment.

In spite of extensive coverage of the epicentral zone, fewer than 70 aftershocks were recorded. The largest aftershock and an mbLg = 2.2. Aftershock locations suggest that the nodal plane striking N30°E is the fault plane. An aftershock area of 30 to 50 km2 implies a stress drop of 2.8 to 6 bars and a dislocation of 2.0 to 3.4 cm.

Because of the variety of studies performed, this earthquake is presently the best-studied eastern North American seismic event with well-constrained estimates of focal depth, focal mechanism and seismic moment, and indications of the duration of the source time function and upper mantle P-wave t*.
A note on relocating the 1963 Watsonville earthquakes
Authors: Evans David G. , McEvilly Thomas V.
Published: June 2021

abstract

Events in the Watsonville earthquake sequence of August and September 1963 were found by Udias (1965) not to concentrate on the main San Andreas fault break. New locations are found using a more site-specific velocity model with carefully determined station adjustments. Resulting relocated hypocenters indicate that this sequence probably does not exhibit the anomalous spatial scatter found previously. The revised locations are found to be consistent with patterns of recent seismicity, based on dense network coverage, which show a tight coincidence with the San Andreas fault.
Seismic waves from a horizontal stress discontinuity in a layered solid
Authors: Abramovici F. , Kanasewich E. R. , Kelamis P. G.
Published: June 2021

abstract

The displacement components for a horizontal stress discontinuity along a buried finite fault in an elastic homogeneous layer on top of an elastic half-space are given analytically in terms of generalized rays. For a particular case of a concentrated horizontal force pointing in an arbitrary direction, detailed time-dependent expressions are given. For a simple model of a “crustal” layer over a “mantle” half-space, the numerical seismograms in the near- and intermediate-field show some interesting features. These include a prominent group of compressional waves whose radial component is substantial at distances four times the crustal thickness. All the dominant shear arrivals (s, SS, and sSS) are important and show large variations of amplitude as the source depth and receiver distance are varied. Some of the prominent individual generalized rays are shown, and it is found that they can be grouped naturally into families based on the number of interactions with the boundaries. The subdivision into individual generalized rays is useful for analysis and for checks on the numerical stability of the synthetic seismograms. Since the solution is analytic and the numerical evaluation is complete up to any desired time, the results are useful in comparing other approximate methods for the computation of seismograms.
The Dead Sea earthquake of 23 April 1979
Authors: Arieh E. , Rotstein Y. , Peled U.
Published: June 2021

abstract

The Dead Sea earthquake of 23 April 1979 (mb = 5.1) was felt throughout Israel and in parts of the neighboring countries. The epicentral distribution of this earthquake, its aftershocks, two of the largest Dead Sea earthquakes during the last 50 yr and recent microearthquake data suggest that an active segment of the Dead Sea rift fault system lies along the eastern part of the Dead Sea. A detailed intensity study shows a pronounced dependence of seismic intensities on ground characteristics. Strong motion seismograph measurements were obtained for the first time in the Levant countries and they suggest that peak ground accelerations are not significantly different from worldwide data.
Upper bounds on near-source peak ground motion based on a model of inhomogeneous faulting
Authors: McGarr A.
Published: June 2021

abstract

Two independent arguments indicate an upper bound of about 10 for the ratio ro/ri in the expressions for peak velocity v and peak acceleration a at close hypocentral distances R: v = (βΔτro/μR)[0.10(ro/ri) + 0.15] and a = (Δτ/ρR)[0.30(ro/ri)2 + 0.45], where ri is the radius of the most heavily loaded asperity that fails within an earthquake source region of radius ro, Δτ is the stress drop, β is the shear-wave velocity, μ is the modulus of rigidity, and ρ is the density; these relationships are for ground motion recorded in a whole-space. First, a recently reported data set was augmented by observations for six earthquakes in the magnitude range 4 ≦ ML ≦ 6.6, for which ground motion was recorded at a minimum of five sites at hypocentral distances of the order of 10 km; the new events include the 1979 Coyote Lake and 1979 Imperial Valley shocks. The entire data set of 22 events, spanning a range in seismic moment from 5 × 1016 to over 1026 dyne-cm, is consistent both with the bound ro/ri < 10 and with the previous conclusion that this ratio does not depend systematically on earthquake size. Second, a theoretical argument, using the result of Savage and Wood that the apparent stress acting on the earthquake fault plane is less than half of the stress drop, is made to the effect that ro/ri < 10. In addition, absolute limits, independent of earthquake size, for peak acceleration are related to the state of stress in the crust; for an extensional state of stress a ≦ 0.40 g and for a compressional stress state a ≦ 2.0 g, where a now represents the maximum horizontal acceleration as recorded at the surface directly above the seismic source.
Inelastic wave propagation in sodium chloride
Authors: Larson D. B.
Published: June 2021

abstract

Explosion-induced free-field ground motion measurements in sodium chloride closely follow simple cube root scaling laws over 10 orders of magnitude of explosion energy (from 0.6 to 2.2 ×1010 kJ). This observation has important implications for the use of scale model experiments in simulating many of the effects associated with large chemical and nuclear explosions. Small-scale experiments in polycrystalline sodium chloride have been conducted using chemical explosives with energies between 0.6 and 300 kJ. Measurements at various confining pressures up to 32.2 MPa show that both cavity volume and free-field motion produced by explosions in pressed salt are independent of confining pressure. Within a scaled slant range (the radial distance to the center of the energy source) of about 80 m/kt1/3, the salt undergoes shear failure of the matrix (deformation which is both inelastic and nonlinear). Beyond 80 m/kt1/3 and to 250 m/kt1/3 (where these data end), the deformation continues to be strongly inelastic, but the magnitude of this inelasticity appears to decrease with range. Furthermore, measurement at a slant range of 168 m/kt1/3 of the combined signals produced by two simultaneous charges (separated by 191 m/kt1/3) shows little, if any, deviation from linearity.
A linear programming approach to time-term analysis
Authors: Neil Bird D.
Published: June 2021

abstract

A linear programming approach to time-term analysis of seismic refraction data, one that is more adaptable than previous methods, has been developed. The travel-time equations are constraints to a choice of objective functions, which produce different models that fit the data. As examples: a “best-fit” model can be obtained by minimizing the L1 norm of the misfit errors; by maximizing and minimizing the sum of the time terms, the deepest and shallowest models can be derived. In addition, the method can be adapted to allow for refractor anisotropy without any assumptions on the form of the anisotropy.

Examples with sets of theoretical data illustrate the different ways in which the technique can be used. A set of travel times for the Pn phase from the northeast Pacific, previously interpreted to document compressional wave velocity anisotropy, exemplifies the application of the method.
PERTIMBANGAN PEMILIHAN STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH DENGAN ORIENTASI STUDENT ACTIVE LEARNING DI SMA
Authors: Mahardika Moch. Dimas Galuh
Published: June 2021

Today’s, learning paradigm has begun to be directed at student activities become learning centres. History learning, which is identical to the teacher’s domination with the lecture method, has begun to be transformed into empowering independently learning students activities, the goal is oriented towards student active learning. To implement this idea, it’s necessary to develop a history learning strategy expected to be achieved that goal. In developing learning strategies that are oriented towards student activities, some basic considerations that are elements in history learning must be considered to provide great opportunities for students to build their knowledge independently. This article is based on the study of literature, then produce an idea as a contribution to improving the quality of history learning.
El consumo responsable como una expresión de compromiso desde el principio de reciprocidad
Authors: Mejía Giraldo Juan Felipe
Published: June 2021

Este artículo tiene como objetivo discutir si el consumo responsable puede considerarse una expresión de compromiso desde el principio económico de la reciprocidad. Para esto, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de 24 publicaciones académicas a nivel de Iberoamérica que abordaban el consumo responsable, publicadas entre los años 2014 y 2020. Entre los hallazgos más destacados se pudo encontrar que, si bien existen incompatibilidades entre la conciencia sobre la importancia de un consumo responsable y los actos de compra, y, aunque el precio, la calidad y el prestigio asociado a una marca comercial siguen siendo los factores más influyentes a la hora de consumir, el comportamiento organizacional se comienza a perfilar como un factor diferenciador que podría llevar a las personas, sobre todo a los más jóvenes, a tomar decisiones de compra basadas en este elemento ante ofertas similares desde la noción de utilidad.
El neuromarketing y la comercialización de productos y servicios: origen y técnicas
Authors: Cortés Cuns Manuel
Published: June 2021

El neuromarketing es una disciplina emergente en el estudio del comportamiento del consumidor que, con el tiempo, ha ido ganando credibilidad y adopción en el ámbito de la publicidad y la comercialización de productos y servicios. Las neurociencias permiten obtener información de gran valor difícilmente alcanzable mediante técnicas tradicionales, y ayudan a entender el comportamiento del consumidor, identificando aquello que lo emociona, para influir en su mente a través de los sentidos y conseguir que se decida por un producto o un servicio cuando evalúa las diferentes alternativas posibles. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar un breve repaso teórico sobre el origen de esta disciplina y de las técnicas neurocientíficas más empleadas, con el objetivo de ofrecer productos y servicios a los clientes basándose en la información residente en sus cerebros.
THE EFFECT OF THE FLORAL APPLICATION OF GIBBERELLIC ACID ON UNPOLLINATED INFLORESCENCES OF THE DATE PALM CULTIVAR ASSIANE (Phoenix dactylifera L.): A CASE STUDY OF FIGUIG OASIS, MOROCCO
Authors:   Laboratory for Improvement of Agricultural Production, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences of Oujda, University of Mohammed Iᵉʳ, Oujda, Morocco, Baba Mourad , Mzabri Ibtissam ,   Laboratory for Improvement of Agricultural Production, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences of Oujda, University of Mohammed Iᵉʳ, Oujda, Morocco, Mimouni Jamal ,   Territorial Department of Figuig, National Agency for the Development of Oasis and Argan Tree Areas, Erfoud, Morocco, Kouddane Noureddine ,   Laboratory for Improvement of Agricultural Production, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences of Oujda, University of Mohammed Iᵉʳ, Oujda, Morocco, Berrichi Abdelbasset ,   Laboratory for Improvement of Agricultural Production, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences of Oujda, University of Mohammed Iᵉʳ, Oujda, Morocco
Published: June 2021

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Gibberellic Acid in mitigate the phenomenon of parthenocarpy and improve the fruit set in the date palm cultivar Assiane at Figuig Oasis in Morocco. For this, four different concentrations of Gibberellic Acid (GA3) viz., 5, 50, 100, and 200 ppm were applied on unpollinated inflorescences in two phases. The first dose of GA3 is applied at the time of spadices burst while the second one is applied after the seven days of the first one. The results obtained from the study showed that the application of gibberellic acid on unpollinated female inflorescences had a significant effect on the removal of parthenocarpy which resulting in the higher normal-looking fruits with normal seed and by promoting the maturity of parthenocarpic fruits. In the case of rate of thinning, the application of GA3 @ 5-100 ppm enhanced the flower drop, while the application at higher concentration i.e. 200 ppm promotes the retention and development of flowers. Further, the analysis of the ripe fruits sugars content by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) suggests that the application of GA3 did not have any significant effect on the sugar content and these treatments are not significantly different from the fruits of pollinated flowers.
SEROPREVALENCE OF INFECTIOUS BOVINE RHINOTRACHEITIS (IBR) IN NORTH EASTERN (NE) STATES OF INDIA
Authors:   ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru-560064, Karnataka, India, S. Patil Sharanagouda , Ravindran R. ,   College of Veterinary Science, GADAVASU, Ludhiana, Punjab, India, Sowjanyakumari R. ,   ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru-560064, Karnataka, India, Suresh K.P. ,   ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru-560064, Karnataka, India, Hiremath Jagadish ,   ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru-560064, Karnataka, India, Hemadri Divakar ,   ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru-560064, Karnataka, India, Shivamallu Chandan ,   Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, Karnataka, India, Rahman Habibar ,   Regional Representative for South Asia, ILRI, NASC Complex, Pusa, New Delhi, India
Published: June 2021

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is an infectious disease caused by BoHV-1 and belongs to the Herpesviridae family. IBR is endemic in India including north eastern states of the country. Hence the study was undertaken to understand the seroprevalence of IBR in north eastern parts of the country. A total of 3125 cattle (Holstein Friesian crossbred) serum samples from 35 districts of five north eastern states (Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Sikkim) of India were screened for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus antibodies using Avidin biotin ELISA. A two-stage random sampling methodology was followed for the collection of samples. Results from the present study revealed that the overall seropositivity was reported around 29.50% while the highest and lowest seropositivity of 43.39% and 16.66% were reported in the states of Sikkim and Assam respectively, followed by Mizoram (42.16%), Manipur (29.86%) and Meghalaya (27.40%). Cattle of higher age groups showed the highest seropositivity compared to younger ones. A higher percent of IBR antibodies in cattle of NE states is a cause of concern and a detailed study on IBR prevalence comprising of a large number of the bovine population need to be undertaken.
Derecho a la propia imagen y divulgación en prensa de fotos obtenidas de Facebook
Authors: Agüero Ortiz Alicia
Published: June 2021

La STC 27/2020 ha confirmado que la publicación de una fotografía obtenida del perfil de Facebook de un ciudadano anónimo por parte de un periódico, para ilustrar el suceso del que fue víctima, constituye una intromisión ilegítima en su derecho a la propia imagen. El Tribunal de Garantías alcanzó dicha conclusión tras rechazar que las redes sociales constituyan espacios abiertos al público, así como que la publicación de fotografías en abierto en las redes sociales comporte un consentimiento tácito para su utilización por terceros.
Helios-Negative Regulatory T Cells as a Key Factor of Immune Tolerance in Nonallergic Beekeepers
Authors: Ruiz-Leon B , Navas A , Serrano P , Espinazo M , Guler I , Alonso C , Jurado A , Moreno-Aguilar C
Published: June 2021

Background: Although exposure to stings has been identified as the leading risk factor for anaphylaxis due to Hymenoptera venom allergy, professional beekeepers receive hundreds of stings yearly without developing systemic reactions. Objective: This study aims to analyze the mechanisms underlying bee venom tolerance in beekeepers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Participants were recruited and classified into 3 groups: allergic patients (APs), who experienced systemic reactions after bee stings, with a positive intradermal test and specific IgE (sIgE) to Apis mellifera venom (AmV); tolerant beekeepers (TBKs), who received ≥50 stings/year; and healthy nonexposed controls (HCs). We measured serum levels of sIgE and specific IgG4 (sIgG4) to AmV, rApi m 1, rApi m 2, rApi m 3, Api m 4, rApi m 5, and rApi m10, as well as AmV-induced basophil degranulation, percentage of T-cell subsets, regulatory T cells (Treg), and IL-10 production. Results: Compared with TBKs, APs had high levels of sIgE to AmV and all its allergic components (P<.001), together with a high basophil activation rate (P<.001). Conversely, compared with APs, TBKs had higher levels of sIgG4 (P<.001) and IL-10 (P<.0001), as well as an enhanced CTLA-4+ Treg population (P=.001), expanded Helios– Treg (P<.003), and reduced type 1 helper T cells (TH1) (P=.008), TH2 (P=.004), and TH17 (P=.007) subsets. Conclusions: The profile of TBKs, which was strongly marked by Treg activity, differed from that of TBKs. This natural tolerance would be led by the expansion of inducible Helios– Treg cells at the peripheral level. The Helios– Treg population could be a novel candidate biomarker for monitoring tolerance.
Metamorphism Indicators for Establishing the Endogenic Fire Hazard of Coal Mining Plants in Mining
Authors:   the Department of Mining, Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University, Severodonetsk, Ukraine, Tarasov V. , Antoshchenko M. , Rudniev Ye. , Zolotarova O. , Davidenko N.
Published: June 2021

In coal mining, the problem of particular importance is the occurrence of endogenous fires and explosions of the methane-air mixture, which lead to the death of people. The aim of the study is to establish indicators that directly characterize the change in the elemental composition in the process of metamorphic transformations of coals and determine them tendency to spontaneous combustion. Statistical multivariate analysis showed that the degree of metamorphism is the most significant characteristic of the propensity of coal to oxidize. The sum of the content of the main components decreases inversely to the increase in carbon content over the entire range of coal conversion from a small degree of their metamorphism from coal to anthracites. The dependence of decrease in oxygen content with increased carbon is nonlinear. With carbon content of more than 88%, there is a slight decrease in the rate of oxygen reduction in comparison to its decrease at earlier stages of metamorphism. A significant correlation of carbon with oxygen and hydrogen is observed. A characteristic feature of coals containing up to 75% carbon is a wide range of changes in formation moisture and oxygen content in organic matter. It indicates minor transformations of coals at the early stages of metamorphism. One of the signs of an increase in the influence of metamorphic processes is a one-sided increase in the carbon content in organic matter and a functional decrease in the sum of the remaining components - hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen.
Representasi Tubuh Ideal Perempuan dalam Iklan Thermolyte Plus
Authors: Putri Salsabila Aulia , Novitasari Arinda , Khoirunnisa Hasna Arsita
Published: June 2021

Latar belakang masalah ini adalah kompleksitasnya mengenai standar kecantikan pada sosok perempuan. Perempuan yang ditunjang memiliki visual yang sempurna menjadi suatu tuntutan dalam perempuan untuk menampilkan sosok dirinya. Adapun penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk memaparkan mengenai tubuh ideal perempuan yang terdapat pada iklan Thermolyte Plus. Tubuh ideal perempuan sering kali direpresentasikan media massa dengan makna yang berbeda, dimana makna tersebut berbeda dengan makna sebenarnya tentang tubuh ideal pada perempuan. Kesepakatan yang terjadi dimasyarakat membuat adanya persepsi akan makna tubuh ideal perempuan sesuai dengan apa yang media tampilkan.  Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan kajian kritis dan juga menggunakan metode semiotika untuk menganalisis objek penelitian. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu iklan Thermolyte Plus merepresentasikan bahwa sosok perempuan ideal wajib memiliki tubuh yang langsing tanpa lemak berlebih karena dengan tubuh langsing tersebut akan membuat perempuan percaya diri untuk tampil.
Manajemen Produksi dan Siaran Streaming Ikom Radio Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Lamone Diego , Santoso Muhammad Fahdil , Al Farisi Muhammad Faruq
Published: June 2021

Latar belakang dari penelitian ini adalah adanya situasi pandemic Covid-19 yang membuat keadaan saat ini menjadi tidak normal dan membuat hampir semua kegiatan dilakukan dengan cara yang baru untuk dapat beradaptasi dengan situasi tidak normal ini. Dengan proses manajemen produksi yang baik, Ikom Radio dapat melakukan siaran streaming untuk dapat beradaptasi dengan situasi ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui bagaimana proses manajemen produksi siaran streaming Ikom Radio di masa pandemic Covid-19. Dalam penelitian ini membahas tentang manajemen Ikom Radio, segmentasi Ikom Radio dan proses produksi siaran streaming Ikom Radio selama pandemi Covid-19. Bahwasanya manajemen dari Ikom Radio berjalan baik dan lancar sehingga dapat bertahan di situasi pandemi dengan membuat program streaming yang khususnya ditargetkan kepada mahasiswa FISIPOL Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta.
Pengaruh Komite Audit Independen, Pengendalian Internal, dan Sikap terhadap Fraudulent Financial Reporting dengan Budaya Etis Organisasi sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi
Authors: Putri Vernanda Yulia Eka , Saud Ilham Maulana
Published: June 2021

Latar Belakang:Secara statistik, persentase kasus kecurangan laporan keuangan di Indonesia maupun secara global memang jauh lebih kecil daripada kecurangan-kecurangan lainnya. Namun, apabila dilihat dari dampak yang diakibatkan, kerugian yang timbul akibat adanya kasus kecurangan laporan keuangan ini jauh lebih besar dibandingkan kecurangan lainnya. Maka dari itu, diperlukan penelitian mengenai faktor-faktor yang dapat memicu karyawan untuk melakukan kecurangan laporan keuangan dengan memerhatikan aspek internal, eksternal perusahaan maupun dari individual karyawan.Tujuan:Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh komite audit independen, pengendalian internal, dan sikap (attitude) terhadap fraudulent financial reporting dengan budaya etis organisasi sebagai variabel pemoderasi.Metode Penelitian:Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah primer kuantitatif dengan subjek penelitian yaitu akuntan, pegawai keuangan, dan orang-orang yang bekerja di bidang keuangan serta berhubungan dalam pembuatan laporan keuangan. Dalam penelitian ini, sampel yang diambil sejumlah 167 responden dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah SmartPLS 3.0.Hasil Penelitian:Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komite audit independen berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan, Pengendalian Internal berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan, Sikap individu berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan, budaya etis organisasi tidak berpengaruh terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan, budaya etis organisasi berpengaruh negatif dalam memoderasi pengaruh sikap individu terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan.Keterbatasan Penelitian:Pada penelitian ini, luasnya sampel penelitian mengakibatkan tingkat populasi yang terwakilkan masih rendah.Keaslian/Novetly Penelitian:Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh budaya etis organisasi dalam memoderasi pengaruh sikap individu terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan.
Pengaruh Appearance dan Individualism terhadap Penggunaan E-filing dengan Kepuasan Pengguna sebagai Variabel Intervening (Studi Empiris pada Wajib Pajak UMKM di Provinsi Bengkulu)
Authors: Tahar Afrizal , Sabiqoh Alya Jilan , Ilmiati Nisa , Wulandari Demelia
Published: June 2021

Latar Belakang:Adanya penggunaan teknologi melalui sistem elektronik diharapkan dapat mempersingkat birokrasi yang dapat meningkatkan efisiensi waktu dan mengurangi biaya dalam melaporkan SPT pajak. Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, sektor UMKM telah berhasil menjadi penopang ekonomi di negara Indonesia. Di Indonesia terdapat 60 juta pelaku Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM), namun kontribusi UMKM dalam membayar dan melaporkan pajak masih sangat minim.Tujuan:Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh appearance, dan individualism terhadap penggunaan E-Filing dengan kepuasan pengguna sebagai variabel intervening.Metode Penelitian:Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan data primer yang dikumpulkan dari Wajib Pajak UMKM di Provinsi Bengkulu dengan teknik pengambilan sample yaitu purposive sampling. Penelitian dilakukan pada 150 Wajib Pajak (UMKM) pada 10 kabupaten di Provinsi Bengkuluyang kemudian diuji dengan alat analisis SEM-PLS melalui aplikasi SmartPLS versi 3.3.2.Hasil Penelitian:Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa appearance, individualism, dan kepuasan pengguna berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap penggunaan e-Filing. Sementara itu, kepuasan pengguna juga memediasi hubungan appearance dan individualism terhadap penggunaan e-Filing.Keterbatasan Penelitian:Responden pada penelitian hanya WP UMKM yang telah menggunakan e-Filing dan hanya mengambil UMKM yang ada di Provinsi Bengkulu.Keaslian/Novelty Penelitian:Penelitian ini merupakan kompilasi dari penelitian terdahulu dengan menambahkan kepuasan pengguna sebagai variable intervening.
Different dressing materials for pulpotomy: A review
Authors: Manzoor Rakhshuda , Bhatt Manohar , Kherwa Abhishek , Emmanuel Bibin Jacob , Manzoor Marikinda
Published: June 2021

Pulpotomy therapy for the primary dentition has developed along three lines: devitalization, preservation, and regeneration. Devitalization (mummification, cauterization) where the intent is to destroy vital tissue, is typified by formocresol and electrocautery. Preservation (minimal devitalization, noninductive), the retention of maximum vital tissue with no induction of reparative dentin, is exemplified by glutaraldehyde and ferric sulfate treatment. Regeneration (inductive, reparative), the stimulation of a dentin bridge, has long been associated with calcium hydroxide. Of the three categories, regeneration is expected to develop the most rapidly in the coming years. Advances in the field of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) have opened new vistas in pulp therapy. Human BMPs with dentinogenic properties are becoming available.
Biofilm: An emergent form of bacterial life-a review
Authors: Ancy Chacko Deepti , Dhaded Neha
Published: June 2021

Biofilm formation is a method for bacteria to adapt for its survival, to put it another way, it act as a shield and prevents bacterial eradication. Microbial biofilms are one of the major reasons for progession of periradicular pathology. The article aims to concise and stratify the literature about, various factors that leads to biofilm formation their adaptation mechanisms, biofilms role in progression of peri-radicular infections, models developed to create biofilms, observation techniques of endodontic biofilms, and the effects of root canal irrigants and medicaments as well as lasers on endodontic biofilms.
Dry eye disease associated with Primary Sjogren syndrome: An update
Authors: Maurya Rajendra P , Singh Vibha , Gupta Ashish , Singh Virendra P , Kumar Amit , Yadav Archana , Singh Shivangi
Published: June 2021

Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is a chronic, multisystem autoimmune disorder, characterized by mononuclear infiltration of exocrine glands and other organs, resulting in dry eye, dry mouth and extra-glandular systemic findings. Primary Sjögren syndrome is of particular interest to ophthalmologists as it constitutes an important differential diagnosis in conditions with dry eye disease. The ocular tests are of great importance for diagnosis and monitoring of primary sjogren’s syndrome. Also a better understanding of immunological mechanisms and molecular pathways have resulted in discovery of new therapeutics for local and systemic treatment. This article illustrates an update regarding pathogenesis, diagnosis, investigative procedures and treatment options for dry eye related to Sjogren’s syndrome.
A comparative study between ranibizumab and its first biosimilar razumab in terms of efficacy and safety in DME, RVO and wet AMD associated with CNVM
Authors: Preethi B  , Shilpa G  , Shah Dhwani Anil , Murthy Praveen R
Published: June 2021

To compare safety and efficacy of intravitreal therapy between anti vascular endothelial growth factor (Anti-VEGF) Ranibizumab and biosimilar Razumab in diabetic macular oedema (DME), wet age related macular degeneration (AMD) with choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO).

Prospective comparative study involved 60 eyes of 56 adults, randomized into 2 groups from September 2016 to November 2017. Group 1 (n=30) received Ranibizumab (0.5mg in 0.05ml) and group 2(n=30) Razumab (0.5mg in 0.05ml). Initial loading dose of one injection given to all subjects and a pro re nata schedule followed thereafter. Patients received maximum of 3 injections and were followed up to 12 weeks. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central foveal thickness (CFT) were considered for the primary outcome and adverse drug reactions (ADR) was considered in the secondary outcome. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The 12-week mean BCVA in group 1 was 0.39 (+-0.24); and in group 2 was 0.53 (+-0.37), which had improved significantly from baseline (group 1 p= 0.007, group 2 p <0.001). Inter group comparison was statistically insignificant (p=0.249). The 12 weeks mean CFT in group 1 was 308 (+-107.26) ; and group 2 was 307.60 (+- 87.15), which had improved significantly from baseline in both groups (p <0.001). Inter group difference was statistically insignificant (p=0.544). One patient in group 2 experienced an ADR (p=0.305).

In this study both Ranibizumab and Razumab were safe and efficacious.