bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of gabapentin on slow‐wave sleep period in critically ill adult patients: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Susantitapong Kanyarat , Dilokpattanamongkol Pitchaya , Sutherasan Yuda , Liamsombut Somprasong , Suthisisang Chuthamanee
Published: May 2024

Sleep deprivation is a prevalent problem in critically ill patients, which leads to delayed recovery and delirium. Slow‐wave sleep (SWS) is essential to energy restoration, tissue repair, and immune system strengthening. This study aimed to investigate the effects of gabapentin on SWS in critically ill patients. We performed a prospective open‐label randomized controlled study to compare SWS and the clinical outcomes of gabapentin versus a control intervention in critically ill adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) within 24 h. The patients' characteristics and sleep‐related outcomes were recorded. The sleep‐related outcomes, namely, bispectral analysis (BIS), the Richards‐Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ), and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) levels, were evaluated. Furthermore, clinical outcomes and safety were assessed. Sixty patients from 348 cases were eligible for randomization. On day 3 of the study, patients in the gabapentin group had significantly increased SWS (66.79 vs. 0.00 min; p < 0.001), total sleep time (TST) (331.39 vs. 46.16 min; p = 0.001), RCSQ score (55.05 ± 20.18 vs. 32.80 ± 15.31; p < 0.001), and IGF‐1 concentrations (84.33 ± 12.40 vs. 44.00 ± 10.20 ng/mL, p < 0.001) compared with the control group. Improvements in clinical outcomes, such as delirium, ICU‐free days, and mechanical ventilator‐free days, were observed; however, these differences did not reach statistically significant. Gabapentin at bedtime increased SWS, TST, and IGF‐1 concentrations in critically ill patients. This regimen might be beneficial to critically ill patients for improving their sleep quality.
Fatigue response of auxetic structures: A review
Authors: Parente João M. , Reis Paulo N. B. , Berto Filippo
Published: May 2024

The fatigue behavior of auxetic metamaterials is an interesting and recent research topic that will deserve future attention. How different geometries can interact with cyclic loadings is still an open question for these kinds of structures. Therefore, this review aims to provide an update on the state of the art on the fatigue response of auxetic structures, showing which research questions are open and possible future developments. As will be evident from this review, there is still room for further improvements that will allow these structures to become much more attractive for load‐bearing applications.
Modeling and Evaluation of PFOS Retention in the Unsaturated Zone above the Water Table
Authors: Hort Hiroko M. , Stockwell Emily B. , Newell Charles J. , Scalia Joseph , Panday Sorab
Published: May 2024

Understanding the retention of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the vadose zone is vital to the management of impacted sites. This paper examines PFAS retention in the unsaturated zone above the water table using a mathematical model, MODFLOW‐USG‐Transport PFAS or “USGT‐PFAS.” The USGT‐PFAS model incorporates adsorption onto air‐water interfaces, providing a more comprehensive understanding of PFAS retention near the water table and release to groundwater. Modeling of a hypothetical perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) site under various idealized site conditions illustrated that the impacts on PFOS retention from smallest to largest were water table fluctuations, low episodic recharge, constant recharge, moderate episodic recharge, constant recharge with water table fluctuations, and high episodic recharge. PFOS retention also varied by sand type, with greater retention occurring in simulations incorporating coarse sand with low capillary potential versus fine sand with high capillary potential. PFAS management strategies were also explored, including the adaptation of gas sparging, a method traditionally used for volatile organic compounds. Gas sparging can concentrate PFAS in groundwater and the vadose zone around the water table, facilitating retention or removal. Model simulations for a simplified hypothetical site demonstrated that PFAS can be substantially retained in the unsaturated zone once gas sparging results in an upward concentration of PFAS in groundwater and the unsaturated zone near the water table. Modeling can aid in understanding PFAS behavior but requires simulation of multiple interrelated processes to correctly predict PFAS fate and transport in subsurface conditions.
Is it worth it? Using DEA to analyze the efficiency gains and costs of merging university departments: a case study of the Complutense University of Madrid
Authors: Santín Daniel , Tejada Juan
Published: May 2024

The aim of this paper is to analyze the benefits of the university department merger undertaken by the Complutense University of Madrid (UCM) in 2017. The merger led to a new structure in which the original 184 departments were reduced to 97. To do this, we use the data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate the efficiency gains of a merger process decomposing efficiency into three savings effects: learning, harmony, and scale effects. They decomposed efficiency into three savings effects: learning, harmony, and scale effects. Additionally, we introduce a new regulatory effect, which accounts for other potential recursive savings not included in the DEA analysis. Our results suggest that the merger process undertaken by the UCM achieved savings of around 20.5 million euros, approximately 6.6 million euros, which is accounted for by the regulatory effect. These savings will reproduce and accumulate annually over time. The results also show that, as a result of the intense negotiations, academic staff based at faculties engaged in the merger process may have taken more days of sick leave than academics from unmerged faculties in 2017, although the increase is not significant at standard levels.
Effect of early catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure
Authors: Tóth Patrik , Arnóth Bence , Komlósi Ferenc , Szegedi Nándor , Salló Zoltán , Perge Péter , Osztheimer István , Merkely Béla , Gellér László , Nagy Klaudia Vivien ,   and members of the SU EP Study Group
Published: May 2024

Introduction

According to current guidelines, pulmonary vein isolation as first‐line therapy should be considered for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), however, optimal timing of the procedure is still unknown in patients with heart failure (HF). We aimed to evaluate the effect of early catheter ablation (CA) in patients with HF and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) below 50%.

Methods

We analyzed data from a structured registry comprising 227 patients with paroxysmal or persistent AF and HF with LVEF < 50% who underwent radiofrequency CA between 2015 and 2022. Early CA was defined as a procedure performed within 12 months of AF diagnosis. The median follow‐up duration was 1748 (1176.3–2353.5) days, with a minimum follow‐up of 365 days. Our endpoints were AF recurrence after a 3‐months blanking period and all‐cause mortality.

Results

Among the 227 patients with a median age of 64.3 years, 97 (42.7%) experienced AF recurrence and 55 (24.2%) died during the follow‐up period. The median LVEF was 40% for early CA and 38% for delayed CA (p = .053). Early CA significantly reduced AF recurrence (HR = 0.25 [0.15–0.42], p < .001), however, the timing of procedure did not affect all‐cause mortality (p = .16). These findings were consistent regardless of AF subtype or the burden of comorbidities, as assessed by the CHA2DS2‐VASc score.

Conclusion

The timing of CA of AF appears to be an important factor in patients with HF. Early CA reduced AF recurrence, although it does not impact all‐cause mortality. We found similar results regardless of AF subtype or burden of comorbidities.
Do maternal allocations towards offspring quality and quantity ameliorate the effects of predators on offspring survival?
Authors: Ugine Todd A. , Mutz Jessie , Underwood Nora , Thaler Jennifer S.
Published: May 2024

Reproductive allocation is often balanced between the quantity and quality of offspring. Ecological stresses, like exposure to predators, can cause organisms to shift their allocations along this continuum. While the consequences of such plastic shifts for offspring performance are often untested, they are critical to understanding the potential long‐term benefits of manipulating predation risk as an agricultural pest management technique. Predation risk induces reductions in egg production and increases in nutritional condition due to maternal provisioning in Colorado potato beetles (Leptinotarsa decemlineata, CPB). Here, we tested whether reductions in density or increases in offspring condition, which may increase per‐capita larval survival, can compensate for the reduction in total egg production, especially when offspring are exposed to predators. In two field trials, we manipulated density and condition of larval CPB and measured survival through development to adulthood in field cages with and without predaceous stink bugs (Podisus maculiventris). As expected, cages with the higher initial larval densities had more larvae and adults surviving in the treatments without predators – about 30%–50% survival across densities. When predators were present, this relationship did not hold because of density‐dependent predation. Larval condition interacted with density and impacted larval survival in both trials albeit in different ways. In trial 1, unprovisioned beetles had higher survival at the higher densities; in trial 2, provisioned beetles had higher survival across densities. Synthesis and Applications: Overall, our test of the effects of predation risk via manipulations of larval density and condition revealed few net compensatory benefits to the prey of reduced density and higher condition. Benefits to the prey of shifts in allocation from the quantity to quality of offspring may depend on factors that influence the strength of density dependence, including predation intensity. Our results suggest a new strategy of taking advantage of the reductions in prey density due to non‐consumptive effects of predators as a pest management approach to protect plants.
It's never too late to be financially literate: Evaluating a financial education intervention for adults in Italy
Authors: Iannotta Gabriele , Cannistrà Marta , Agasisti Tommaso
Published: May 2024

Financial education represents a powerful tool for improving economic literacy of citizens. This paper presents results from an experiment providing a group of 136 workers in an Italian university (administrative staff) an online, synchronous course. Classes were organized in 5 sessions of 2h each and covered basic topics about personal finance. The effectiveness of the course is assessed through a rigorous randomized controlled trial (RCT). In addition to the analysis of improvements in financial knowledge, financial self‐efficacy and the role of prior attitudes and behaviors were explored. Participants obtained post‐test scores statistically higher than individuals in the control group, with an average effect size of 0.55 SD. The effect is particularly relevant for participants starting with low levels of financial knowledge. Moreover, two novel findings emerge: financial self‐efficacy increases (0.51 SD) after the course, and pre‐treatment individuals' financial attitudes and behaviors shed further light on the financial learning process.
First report of Botrytis cinerea causing flower blight on macadamia in South Africa
Authors: Jami Fahimeh , Duma Sanelisiwe , Fourie Gerda , Botha Gerhard , Schoeman Maritha
Published: May 2024

Macadamia cultivation plays significant role in the economy of South Africa. Despite its importance, the industry grapples with disease‐related challenges, notably flower blight, which threatens substantial economic losses by affecting yield and nut quality. In 2022, diagnostic services at the Agricultural Research Council and the Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute received macadamia flowers displaying blight symptoms. Employing two methods for fungal isolation, 25 isolates were obtained which were classified into one group based on morphological characteristics. DNA analysis identified the isolates as Botrytis cinerea. The pathogenicity testing was conducted on macadamia flowers to confirm Koch's postulates. This is the first report of B. cinerea affecting Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche in South Africa, underlining its potential threat to the industry.
Effects of the low Fowler's sleep position and methazolamide treatment on sleep bruxism: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhong Zhijun , Li Qi , Zou Xueliang , Ouyang Qian , Zhang Ling , Liu Xinting , Luo Yaxing , Yao Dongyuan
Published: May 2024

Intracranial pressure is one of the determinants of sympathetic activities, and sleep bruxism is associated with increased sympathetic activities. This study aimed to investigate effects of the low Fowler's sleep position and methazolamide treatment on the occurrence of rhythmic masticatory muscle activities/sleep bruxism episodes in patients with sleep bruxism in a randomized controlled trial. Polysomnographic recordings were performed on the patients with sleep bruxism sleeping in the low Fowler's (15°–30°) or supine position (n = 11), and with methazolamide or placebo treatment (100 mg, 3–4 hr before bedtime, P.O., n = 9), and changes in sleep variables and heart rate variance during sleep in the low Fowler's position or with methazolamide treatment were determined. Sleep bruxism index, number of masseter muscle electromyographic bursts per hour of sleep, ratio of rhythmic masticatory muscle activities/sleep bruxism duration to the total sleep duration, index of total limb movements, index of limb movements with rhythmic masticatory muscle activities, and number of sleep bruxism clusters per hour of sleep in the low Fowler's position and after methazolamide intake were significantly smaller (p < 0.05–0.001) than those in the supine position and after placebo intake, respectively. The low‐frequency heart rate variance powers during non‐rapid eye movement sleep stage 2 (N2) in the low Fowler's position and with methazolamide treatment were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those during sleep in the supine position and with placebo treatment, respectively. In conclusion, sleep in the low Fowler's position and methazolamide treatment were associated with significant decreases in the occurrence of rhythmic masticatory muscle activities/sleep bruxism episodes, which might be due to a reduction in intracranial pressure and sympathetic activities mainly during non‐rapid eye movement sleep stage 2.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis combining adolescent and adult data to evaluate weight loss and the effect of age following the laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Karasko Danielle
Published: May 2024

Obesity is a grave concern within the United States, resulting in lost productivity, increased medical costs, and comorbidities with lifelong repercussions. The laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is a treatment option for obesity. The following meta‐analysis sought to combine adolescent and adult literature to determine the overall effect of the sleeve gastrectomy on weight loss, to evaluate the effect of age at the time of surgery on weight loss, and to describe and explore variation in weight loss by sample characteristics. Overall weight loss was assessed at proximal and distal points, a dichotomous moderator variable analysis was conducted with subjects ≤21 years of age and >21 years of age, and a meta‐regression assessing % male, % female, and baseline BMI was conducted to assess moderator variables. The laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy was effective at facilitating weight loss with effect sizes varying from 0.916 to2.816. Age, biological sex, and baseline BMI were not found to have an impact on weight loss. The clinical consequences of prolonged obesity are evident and earlier intervention may be justified to counter the long‐term effects caused by obesity related comorbidities. Standardized reporting of comorbidities and the effect of bariatric surgery on comorbid conditions is essential to allow further analysis.
Novel species, morpho‐molecular identification and pathogenicity of Allophoma (Didymellacaeae) causing leaf spots of true mangroves and mangrove associates in Thailand
Authors: Aumentado Herbert Dustin R. , Armand Alireza , Chethana K. W. Thilini , Phukhamsakda Chayanard , Norphanphoun Chada , Hyde Kevin D. , Jones E. B. Gareth , Jayawardena Ruvishika S.
Published: May 2024

True mangroves and mangrove associates are salt‐tolerant trees and shrubs that serve a critical role in preserving the ecological balance of tropical and subtropical estuarine environments. However, they are not immune to the damage caused by fungal pathogens. In this study, leaves exhibiting leaf spot symptoms were gathered from mangrove estuary and forests in Prachuap Khiri Khan, Thailand. Through morphological and multilocus phylogenetic analyses (LSU, ITS, RPB2 and TUB2) along with genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition, we identified Allophoma acanthi sp. nov. from Acanthus ilicifolius. Additionally, A. minor was identified as the causative agent of leaf spots in true mangrove and mangrove associate species, namely, Acanthus ilicifolius, Combretum sp., Hibiscus tiliaceus, Intsia bijuga, Lumnitzera racemosa and Sonneratia alba. We also provide evidence to support the synonymization of A. thunbergiae with A. minor. All eight isolates of Allophoma species in this study demonstrated pathogenicity to their original hosts with varied virulence, confirming Koch's postulates. Our findings contribute to the understanding of fungal pathogens affecting true mangroves and mangrove associates.
Revisiting the 2019 Oranga Tamariki inquiries: What did we learn, and what might that mean for the future of child protection in Aotearoa?
Authors: Fitzmaurice-Brown Luke
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Widespread protests against Oranga Tamariki in 2019 led to six separate reviews in the following two years, the majority of which specifically focused on tamariki and whānau Māori. Now that the dust has settled on those reviews, what can be learned by revisiting them?
Approach: This article analyses the key themes of each of the reviews. It finds that there are areas of concern common to all six, but that there is a major split within them on how to achieve the necessary long-term changes. Some of the reviews suggest that improvements can be made within the current system, while others suggest that only radical transformation will improve outcomes for tamariki and whānau Māori.
Conclusions: Understanding the split between the reviews is important given the views of numerous child-protection researchers that more structural changes to the child-protection system are required if we are to address underlying problems. If the issues are more fundamental, then claims to reform may not only be inadequate, but they may also make the problem worse, by sustaining the systems which cause the underlying harms in the first place. The split in the approach of the reports reveals that it is not just “What do children and whānau need?” that matters, it is also “who gets to decide what children and whānau need?” Understanding these issues from a structural perspective remains crucial, and future reviews of the child-protection system which fail to address those underlying problems are unlikely to lead to effective long-term change.
Self-care methods of social workers working in end-of-life care
Authors: Gallagher Suzi , Cooper Lareen
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION: Most people experience some form of grief and loss during their lifetimes; some even choose to work amongst it every day. Navigating through the effects of this can be an arduous task on a personal level, but what about on a professional level? Social workers are becoming more prominent in end-of-life settings and, whilst they often are well versed in self- care, how does this change when working around death and dying on a daily basis? This study sought to explore these questions and gain a greater understanding of social workers.
METHODS: This is a qualitative research study where three semi-structured interviews of social workers working in end-of-life (EOL) care were conducted to explore their perspectives of self- care regarding their profession, and to gain a greater understanding of what is beneficial for them and what requires more work.
FINDINGS: All participants had both personal and professional self-care journeys that have enabled them to avoid burnout or compassion fatigue during their careers. Whilst each participant had had some form of training on death and dying or grief and loss, there was a clear lack of job-specific training to support them through their work.
CONCLUSION: This research report highlighted three key themes for EOL social workers: personal experience of death and dying; their own self-care strategies and practices; and limitations around specific training on death and dying. Results of this study urge social workers and education providers to seek out further training development and opportunities in EOL care.
The Routledge handbook of social work and addictive behaviors
Authors: Jackson Suzette
Published: May 2024

Review of The Routledge handbook of social work and addictive behaviors by Audrey L. Begun and Margaret M. Murray (Eds.).Routledge, 2022. ISBN 9781032336619, pp.664, Paperback, NZD86.10; Hardback, NZD376 https://www.routledge.com/The-Routledge-Handbook-of-Social-Work-and-Addictive-Behaviors/Begun-Murray/p/book/9781032336619
Nurturing the political agency of young people in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Hay Amanda , Wijeysingha Vincent , Stanley-Clarke Nicky
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION: Young people’s voices are often coloured by past experiences with significant others in their lives, such as parents, friends, peers, and teachers. These experiences can have long-lasting effects on their beliefs about their capabilities, place, value, and identity in society. This qualitative-exploratory research explored the development of young people’s political agency through social and political activism to provide further understanding around how and why young people politically engage to better nurture their political agency.
METHOD: A small, qualitative-exploratory Master’s research project explored young peoples’ experiences of political participation and how these affected their political agency. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with six politically active young people and analysed thematically to identify four key themes.
FINDINGS: The research found that young people’s understandings of the political world were inconsistent with widespread beliefs about their ability to contribute. The participants in this study were actively engaged in activities within broad civic and political contexts around issues of significance to them. The research also found that social contexts, access to political experiences, and connection to social and political issues were critical in nurturing their political agency.
CONCLUSION: The findings suggest formal political institutions frame young people’s participation differently. They also advocate a cultural shift in civic and political settings to consistently provide genuine space for young people’s active participation.
Single-Photon Level Quantum Memory in an Isotopically Pure 143Nd3+:Y7LiF4 Crystal
Authors: Akhmedzhanov R. A. , Gushchin L. A. , Nizov N. A. , Nizov V. A. , Sobgayda D. A. , Zelensky I. V.
Published: May 2024

In an isotopically pure 143Nd3+:Y7LiF4 crystal we demonstrate an optical quantum memory on a single photon level using the atomic frequency comb memory protocol. Using weakened laser pulses we demonstrate storage efficiency of 6.5% with the storage time of $$ \sim $$60 ns and signal to noise ratio of around 3.
Magnetic Component of Quasi-Coherent Mode of Plasma Fluctuations in Ohmic Plasma of the T-10 Tokamak
Authors: Sergeev N. S. , Melnikov A. V. , Eliseev L. G.
Published: May 2024

In this work the phenomenon of the quasi-coherent mode of plasma fluctuations in purely ohmic plasmas of the T-10 tokamak is investigated. The plasma magnetic fluctuation spectra along with spectra of relative electron density oscillations and plasma potential fluctuation spectra were studied. The presence of both electrostatic and magnetic components of the quasi-coherent mode has been established in the core and as well at the edge regions of the plasma column. This fact allows one to consider the quasi-coherent mode as one of the types of electromagnetic turbulence of fusion plasma.
Cost-effectiveness of incentives for physical activity in coronary heart disease in Germany: pre-trial health economic model of a complex intervention following the new MRC framework
Authors: Mohebbi Damon , Ogurtsova Katherine , Dyczmons Jan , Dintsios Markos , Kairies-Schwarz Nadja , Jung Christian , Icks Andrea
Published: May 2024

Objectives

The German Incentives for Physical Activity in Cardiac Patients trial is a three-arm, randomised controlled trial for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD). Guidance for developing complex interventions recommends pre-trial health economic modelling. The aim of this study is to model the long-term cost-effectiveness of the incentive-based physical activity interventions in a population with CHD.

Methods

A decision-analytical Markov model was developed from a health services provider perspective, following a cohort aged 65 years with a previous myocardial infarction for 25 years. Monetary and social incentives were compared relative to no incentive. Intervention effects associated with physical activity were used to determine the costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained, incremental cost-effectiveness and cost–utility ratios. The probability of cost-effectiveness was calculated through sensitivity analyses.

Results

The incremental QALYs gained from the monetary and social incentives, relative to control, were respectively estimated at 0.01 (95% CI 0.00 to 0.01) and 0.04 (95% CI 0.02 to 0.05). Implementation of the monetary and social incentive interventions increased the costs by €874 (95% CI €744 to €1047) and €909 (95% CI €537 to €1625). Incremental cost–utility ratios were €25 912 (95% CI €15 056 to €50 210) and €118 958 (95% CI €82 930 to €196 121) per QALY gained for the social and monetary incentive intervention, respectively. With a willingness-to-pay threshold set at €43 000/QALY, equivalent to the per-capita gross domestic product in Germany, the probability that the social and monetary incentive intervention would be seen as cost-effective was 95% and 0%, respectively.

Conclusions

Exercise-based secondary prevention using inventive schemes may offer a cost-effective strategy to reduce the burden of CHD.
Variant classification changes over time in the clinical molecular diagnostic laboratory setting
Authors: Hahn Elan , Mighton Chloe , Fisher Yael , Wong Andrew , Di Gioacchino Vanessa , Watkins Nicholas , Mayers Justin , Bombard Yvonne , Charames George S , Lerner-Ellis Jordan
Published: May 2024

Background

Variant classification in the setting of germline genetic testing is necessary for patients and their families to receive proper care. Variants are classified as pathogenic (P), likely pathogenic (LP), uncertain significance (VUS), likely benign (LB) and benign (B) using the standards and guidelines recommended by the American College of Medical Genetics and the Association for Molecular Pathology, with modifications for specific genes. As the literature continues to rapidly expand, and evidence continues to accumulate, prior classifications can be updated accordingly. In this study, we aim to characterise variant reclassifications in Ontario.

Methods

DNA samples from patients seen at hereditary cancer clinics in Ontario from January 2012 to April 2022 were submitted for testing. Patients met provincial eligibility criteria for testing for hereditary cancer syndromes or polycystic kidney disease. Reclassification events were determined to be within their broader category of significance (B to LB or vice versa, or P to LP or vice versa) or outside of their broader category as significance (ie, significant reclassifications from B/LB or VUS or P/LP, from P/LP to VUS or B/LB, or from VUS to any other category).

Results

Of the 8075 unique variants included in this study, 23.7% (1912) of variants were reassessed, and 7.2% (578) of variants were reclassified. Of these, 351 (60.7%) variants were reclassified outside of their broader category of significance. Overall, the final classification was significantly different for 336 (58.1%) variants. Importantly, most reclassified variants were downgraded to a more benign classification (n=245; 72.9%). Of note, most reclassified VUS was downgraded to B/LB (n=233; 84.7%).

Conclusions

The likelihood for reclassification of variants on reassessment is high. Most reclassified variants were downgraded to a more benign classification. Our findings highlight the importance of periodic variant reassessment to ensure timely and appropriate care for patients and their families.
Smoothies, bone broth, and fitspo: the historicity of TikTok postpartum bounce-back culture
Authors: Johnson Bethany L , Quinlan Margaret M , Curry Audrey
Published: May 2024

TikTok, a now iconoclastic social media platform, hosts millions of videos on health, wellness and physical fitness, including content on postpartum wellness and ‘bouncing back’. At present, few studies analyse the content of postpartum videos urging viewers to bounce-back or the potential influence of these videos. Given the acknowledged relationship between social media use and adverse mental health outcomes (eg, lowered self-esteem, increased stress, disordered eating risk), an investigation of bounce-back-related postpartum content on TikTok explores important intersections between wellness and fitness cultures and the embodied experience of postpartum recovery. Using a qualitative thematic analysis of bounce-back videos (n=175), we explore three themes: (1) Smoothies: eat, but don’t be fat; (2) Bone broth: bounce-back with today’s wellness trends; (3) Fitspo: moving your body matters. Importantly, videos recycle historically constructed thinking about what makes a ‘good’ or ‘bad’ body, invoke vintage diet-culture tropes (ie, drinking water to fill up before eating), and maintain potentially dangerous expectations for caregivers rooted in historical gender, race and class constructs. This results in a postfeminist mishmash of modern maternity practices and traditional hierarchies. Unpacking the historicity of TikTok content assists health practitioners, scholars and users in understanding the potential impacts of video content on new parents, as well as how to flag and contextualise potentially harmful content. Future studies should examine other TikTok subcultures, including teen mothers and trans parents, and explore the messaging directed at and the impact on those communities.
SPMSD: An Partitioning-Strategy for Parallel General Sparse Matrix-Matrix Multiplication on GPU
Authors: Cui Huanyu , Wang Nianbin , Han Qilong , Wang Ye
Published: May 2024

SpGEMM (General Sparse Matrix-Matrix Multiplication) is one of the kernels of an algebraic multi-grid method, graph algorithm, and solving linear equations. Due to the non-uniformity of some sparse matrices, the existing parallel SpGEMM algorithms suffer from load imbalance, lead to a decrease in computational efficiency. This paper proposes a new algorithm, SPMSD (SpGEMM Based on Minimum Standard Deviation). The algorithm is developed based on a hash table and partition strategy. First, the number of intermediate results in the matrix is divided into multiple blocks based on a new partition strategy to ensure the minimum standard deviation among blocks. Second, the input matrix is transformed according to the result of the partition strategy. Finally, SPMSD performs the parallel computing of SpGEMM based on the advantages of fast insertion and also fast access storage of the hash table and the calculation process controls the insertion and merging of intermediate results according to the offset to avoid the shortage of atomic operations. These experiments indicate the execution of SPMSD is faster than the existing cuSPARSE libraries by 7.4x. Compared with the Out of Core method, SPMSD improves the computational performance by 1.2x, SPMSD memory utilization is decreased by 0.19x.
Thermal characterization of Sutterby nanofluid flow under Riga plate: Tiwari and Das model
Authors: Shah Syed Asif Ali , Qayyum Sidra , Nadeem Sohail , Alzubadi Hanadi , Ahammad N. Ameer , Awan Aziz Ullah , Alroobaea Roobaea
Published: May 2024

This investigation uses the Tiwari and Das nanofluid model to enhance the heat transfer rate in Sutterby nanofluid over a Riga plate. The effects of heat source/sink, viscosity dispersion, and mass flow for water-based fluids are also considered in this work. Sutterby fluid has been utilized to investigate the rheological features of nanofluids. The transverse Lorentz force produced by the Riga plate assists in the flow down the plate by producing an electromagnetic field. The main aim of this investigation is to evaluate the presence of two different types of nanoparticles in water, specifically silicon carbide [Formula: see text] and copper [Formula: see text]. Dimensionless variables are first used to convert the mathematical model into a non-dimensional form. The similarity approach is then used to further rewrite the non-dimensional partial differential equations into a set of similarity equations. The bvp4c function in MATLAB software provides a numerical solution to these equations. The effects on temperature and velocity profiles of many physical factors, including the Reynold number, heat source/sink, and Deborah number, have been analyzed and presented. Furthermore, using tables, a detailed analysis of the skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt numbers is conducted. The results show that convective flow is suppressed when solid nanoparticles are added to the base fluid. The velocity distribution improves as Deborah and Reynold’s numbers get a higher value. Also, the temperature field improves by incrementing exponential and thermal heat source/sink parameters.
Rational Schur Superalgebras
Authors: Riesen Andrew
Published: May 2024

We develop and study the generalization of rational Schur algebras to the super setting. Similar to the classical case, this provides a new method for studying rational supermodules of the general linear supergroup [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, we establish a Schur-Weyl duality result for rational Schur superalgebras and conclude that under certain conditions these objects will be semisimple.
The Monsky Matrices and Non-congruent Numbers
Authors: Li Guilin , Qin Hourong
Published: May 2024

We give some sufficient conditions for non-congruent numbers in terms of the Monsky matrices. Many known criteria for non-congruent numbers can be viewed as special cases of our results.
Zassenhaus Lemma, Schreier Refinement Theorem, and Jordan–Hölder Theorem for Gyrogroups
Authors: Khachorncharoenkul Prathomjit , Maungchang Rasimate , Suksumran Teerapong
Published: May 2024

In this article, we extend the Zassenhaus lemma (also called the butterfly lemma) and the Schreier refinement theorem to the case of gyrogroups. In addition, we use these results to prove the Jordan–Hölder theorem for gyrogroups as well as some theorems regarding subgyrogroup lattices.
Endomorphism Algebras of Support τ-Tilting Modules
Authors: Hu Yonggang , Zhou Panyue
Published: May 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a finite dimensional [Formula: see text]-algebra and [Formula: see text] be a support [Formula: see text]-tilting right [Formula: see text]-module. In this note, we give lower and upper bounds for the global dimension of the endomorphism algebra [Formula: see text] under some mild conditions. Finally, we give some examples to illustrate that both the upper and lower bounds can be reached.
On the Infinite-Dimensional Modular Lie Superalgebras of O -Type
Authors: Xu Xiaoning , Zhao Jing
Published: May 2024

The natural filtrations of infinite-dimensional Lie superalgebras of [Formula: see text]-type over a field of positive characteristic are proved to be invariant under automorphisms by studying ad-nilpotent elements. We observe that two Lie superalgebras of [Formula: see text]-type are isomorphic if and only if the integers in the definition of these Lie superalgebras are intrinsic. Thereby, all the Lie superalgebras of [Formula: see text]-type are classified in the sense of isomorphism.
PACMHCI V8, ETRA, May 2024 Editorial
Authors: Duchowski Andrew , Kiefer Peter , Krejtz Krzysztof , Laubrock Jochen
Published: May 2024

We are excited to provide the third issue of the Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction focusing on contributions from the ACM Eye Tracking Research and Applications (ETRA) community. ETRA is the premier eye-tracking conference bringing together researchers from across disciplines to present advances in eye-tracking systems and methods, oculomotor research, eye movement data analysis, gaze-based interaction, and eye-tracking applications. A total of 25 full papers were accepted for ETRA 2024 (June 4 - 7, 2024, in Glasgow, U.K.), selected from 68 submissions after a rigorous reviewing process (37% acceptance rate). Depending on the topic fit and authors' preferences, accepted papers were split into two issues. 19 accepted papers are presented in this issue, and 6 will be included in an issue of the Proceedings of the ACM on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques. We want to thank all members of the Editorial Board and all external reviewers for their effort and dedication, as well as all authors for their high-quality contributions.
GazeIntent: Adapting Dwell-time Selection in VR Interaction with Real-time Intent Modeling
Authors: Narkar Anish S. , Michalak Jan J. , Peacock Candace E. , David-John Brendan
Published: May 2024

The use of ML models to predict a user's cognitive state from behavioral data has been studied for various applications which includes predicting the intent to perform selections in VR. We developed a novel technique that uses gaze-based intent models to adapt dwell-time thresholds to aid gaze-only selection. A dataset of users performing selection in arithmetic tasks was used to develop intent prediction models (F1 = 0.94). We developed GazeIntent to adapt selection dwell times based on intent model outputs and conducted an end-user study with returning and new users performing additional tasks with varied selection frequencies. Personalized models for returning users effectively accounted for prior experience and were preferred by 63% of users. Our work provides the field with methods to adapt dwell-based selection to users, account for experience over time, and consider tasks that vary by selection frequency.
Impact of Design Decisions in Scanpath Modeling
Authors: Emami Parvin , Jiang Yue , Guo Zixin , Leiva Luis A.
Published: May 2024

Modeling visual saliency in graphical user interfaces (GUIs) allows to understand how people perceive GUI designs and what elements attract their attention. One aspect that is often overlooked is the fact that computational models depend on a series of design parameters that are not straightforward to decide. We systematically analyze how different design parameters affect scanpath evaluation metrics using a state-of-the-art computational model (DeepGaze++). We particularly focus on three design parameters: input image size, inhibition-of-return decay, and masking radius. We show that even small variations of these design parameters have a noticeable impact on standard evaluation metrics such as DTW or Eyenalysis. These effects also occur in other scanpath models, such as UMSS and ScanGAN, and in other datasets such as MASSVIS. Taken together, our results put forward the impact of design decisions for predicting users' viewing behavior on GUIs.
On Task and in Sync: Examining the Relationship between Gaze Synchrony and Self-reported Attention During Video Lecture Learning
Authors: Bühler Babette , Bozkir Efe , Deininger Hannah , Gerjets Peter , Trautwein Ulrich , Kasneci Enkelejda
Published: May 2024

Successful learning depends on learners' ability to sustain attention, which is particularly challenging in online education due to limited teacher interaction. A potential indicator for attention is gaze synchrony, demonstrating predictive power for learning achievements in video-based learning in controlled experiments focusing on manipulating attention. This study (N=84) examines the relationship between gaze synchronization and self-reported attention of learners, using experience sampling, during realistic online video learning. Gaze synchrony was assessed through Kullback-Leibler Divergence of gaze density maps and MultiMatch algorithm scanpath comparisons. Results indicated significantly higher gaze synchronization in attentive participants for both measures and self-reported attention significantly predicted post-test scores. In contrast, synchrony measures did not correlate with learning outcomes. While supporting the hypothesis that attentive learners exhibit similar eye movements, the direct use of synchrony as an attention indicator poses challenges, requiring further research on the interplay of attention, gaze synchrony, and video content type.
Unveiling Deceptive Intentions: Insights from Eye Movements and Pupil Size
Authors: Foucher Valentin , Huckauf Anke
Published: May 2024

Recognition of deceptive intentions from the eyes has been of appealing interest in the last decades but is still unresolved. Here, we report the development of a paradigm based on the Concealed Information Test enabling the study of various kinds of deception, that is, faking and concealing. Based on a card game, we compared fixation as well as pupil behaviour while participants were instructed to fake, conceal, or tell the truth. We realized two different layouts of stimulus presentation. Fixations differed between concealing versus faking and telling the truth; pupil size additionally unveiled the object of deception. We infer that various kinds of deceptive behaviour must be carefully distinguished, and contribute to how to use gaze measures as indicators of deceptive intentions.
Impact of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Dataset Curation on Solid Oxide Cell Degradation Assessment
Authors: Mänken Christian , Uecker Jan , Schäfer Dominik , de Haart L. G. J. (Bert) , Eichel Rüdiger-A.
Published: May 2024

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has become a standard measurement technique for detecting degradation in single cells and stacks of solid oxide cells (SOCs). Depending on the experimental setup and test equipment, instabilities and unexpected results can be observed in EIS measurements. For example, in the low-frequency range, instabilities can be induced by feed gas flow fluctuations. Another phenomenon are parasitic, inductive impedances that degrade the high-frequency range. To compensate for such influences in large EIS data sets, we propose a specially developed EIS data curation pipeline. Based on the results of its application, we demonstrate the impact on the quantitative and qualitative attribution of electrochemical processes from EIS using equivalent circuit modeling and distribution of relaxation times. Furthermore, the substantial differences in the temporal evolution of the latter during long-term experiments are highlighted for EIS measurements obtained at the SOC stack and single cell level. In addition, the significant misestimation of aging rates, especially with respect to the fuel electrode and the high-frequency series resistance, is shown when comparing EIS measurements, few of which exhibit a parasitic inductive impedance.
Evaluation of Copper Sulfate Electroplating Solution and Film Using a New Method of Fluorescence Measurement
Authors: Koga Toshiaki , Sakata Yoshitaro , Takeshita Michinori , Terasaki Nao
Published: May 2024

Control of plating bath conditions is an important issue on production lines. In this research, we developed a method for measuring and evaluating plating solutions using Janus Green B (JGB), a common additive, as a probe. It was discovered that when electricity was applied to a copper sulfate electroplating solution containing JGB as an additive, red fluorescence was generated. This is because the azo group of JGB is reductively cleaved by monovalent copper (Cu(I)) to produce a phenazine dye with red fluorescence. The fluorescence intensity depended on the energization current and time and was proportional to the concentration of JGB added. The fluorescence intensity indicates the rate of decrease in the concentration of JGB and can predict the deterioration of the quality of the plated film produced with the solution in a very early stage, and especially the occurrence of unevenness. Fluorescence is a simple and sensitive method of measurement that facilitates on-time and in situ measurement and evaluation of plating baths at the production site and is a useful method of bath management.
Electrodeposition of MnAs-Based Thin-Film as a Possible Promising Candidate in Spintronics Applications
Authors: Pappaianni Giulio , Giurlani Walter , Bonechi Marco , Calisi Nicola , Cortigiani Brunetto , Bazzicalupi Carla , Caneschi Andrea , Fontanesi Claudio , Innocenti Massimo
Published: May 2024

A thin film material obtained by Mn As co-electrodeposition was electrochemically deposited. Electrodeposition was chosen because is a versatile and easily scalable technique with low costs, and achievable under ambient conditions in water solution. These advantages are often unmatched by the typical production routes of spintronic materials. The use of different substrates was investigated, and the optimal deposition conditions were sought to reach the required morphology and composition, considering also the influence of pH and O2. The deposition conditions were optimized using multivariate analysis. The samples were characterized morphologically, crystallographically, and compositionally with SEM-EDS, XRD, and XPS, suggesting that the deposit chemical composition was predominantly constituted by MnAs and MnO2. Magnetic characterization performed with a SQUID magnetometer showed that the sample disclose a ferromagnetic component. MnAs and MnO2 are known to have properties suitable for applications in spintronics, making this system interesting as an alternative for spintronic-based devices.
Distance Spectra of Some Double Join Operations of Graphs
Authors: Manjunatha B. J. , Rakshith B. R. , Prakasha K. N. , Sayinath Udupa N. V.
Published: May 2024

In literature, several types of join operations of two graphs based on subdivision graph, Q-graph, R-graph, and total graph have been introduced, and their spectral properties have been studied. In this paper, we introduce a new double join operation based on H1,H2-merged subdivision graph. We compute the spectrum of a special block matrix and then use it to describe the distance spectra of some double join operations of graphs. At last, we give several families of distance equienergetic graphs of diameter 3.