bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hegemonies with(out) Dominance
Authors: Platt Kevin M. F.
Published: May 2024

This chapter looks into hegemonies with and without dominance. Law and policy governing education worked to constrict the place of the Russian language and culture in Latvia over the past decades. The diminished stature of the Russian books in the Latvian National Library elicited a sense of loss to some Russian speakers. During the era of Soviet occupation, Latvian language and culture were subject to the seemingly inexorable encroachment of Russian language and culture. The chapter explains that the Russkaia biblioteka and the Biblioteka im. Zadornovykh expressed a need for other modes of political imagination and social organization. It also mentions that the current excess of displaced monuments demonstrates history's persistent fragmentation.
Afterword
Authors: Platt Kevin M. F.
Published: May 2024

This chapter looks into the flood of Russian-language media organizations that resettled in Latvia in 2022. It explains the rapid escalation of repressive measures against independent and oppositional voices within the Russian Federation following the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Latvia's new sites of Russophone cultural activity continue to appear after being propelled by new episodes of geopolitical and social transformation following the breakup of the Soviet Union and state socialist world three decades ago. The chapter cites that the effects of the intensification of contradiction and conflict between opposed worlds are acutely expressed in the Russian border zone. It mentions how Orbita continues to present in the mode of performative translation.
A Marshall Plan for the Blind of Europe
Authors: Galmarini Maria Cristina
Published: May 2024

This chapter reveals a neat distinction between disability and politics that was artificial in relation to Western-based organizations. It considers the Second World War as an important catalyst for developments in disability internationalism. Disability advocates of the interwar period capitalized on regrouping and revamping their efforts in stronger and more systematic ways, while new cohorts of activists mobilized internationally. The chapter cites a few works written on postwar upsurge in disability internationalism that suggest an interpretation that aligns with recent historiography on other postwar internationalist projects. It highlights the ideological origins and partiality that underlay the World Council for the Welfare of the Blind.
East German and Soviet Membership in the World Council
Authors: Galmarini Maria Cristina
Published: May 2024

This chapter provides a study of the relationship between diplomacy and disability advocacy. It explores how the issue of East German and Soviet membership entwined with the notion of blind people's agency and the need to have a more diverse and multisided space for the production of disability knowledge. Politics crucially informed blind advocacy, sometimes interfering with it and at others contributing to its growth. The chapter argues that addressing the geopolitical problem of the presence of the Union of the Blind and Low-Sighted and authority of the All-Russian Society of the Blind in the World Council had positive effects on increasing blind people's agency and diversifying debates over the best ways to improve blind people's lives.
Ambassadors of Social Progress or Obstacles to Integration?
Authors: Galmarini Maria Cristina
Published: May 2024

This chapter focuses on the relations that activists of the All-Russian Society of the Blind (VOS) established with their Western colleagues after their organization's entry into the World Council. At the apex of VOS's international glory, its activists came to embody social progress for many blind people around the world. Yet some World Council members also questioned the Soviet system's capacity to truly integrate blind people. The chapter discusses some of the paradoxes that underlay VOS's closer contacts with the West in the late 1960s and early 1970s. This was a time of fluidity and energetic debates, which VOS activists failed to harness to effect policy changes in their national context.
A Slow Reckoning
Authors: Klimentov Vassily
Published: May 2024

This book examines the Soviet Union's and the Afghan communists' views of and policies toward Islam and Islamism during the Soviet–Afghan War (1979–1989). As the book demonstrates, the Soviet and communist Afghan disregard for Islam was telling of the overall communist approach to reforming Afghanistan and helps explain the failure of their modernization project. The book reveals how during most of the conflict, Babrak Karmal, the ruler installed by the Soviets, instrumentalized Islam in support of his rule while retaining a Marxist–Leninist platform. Similarly, the Soviets at all levels failed to give Islam its due importance as communist ideology and military considerations dominated their decision making. This approach to Islam only changed after Mikhail Gorbachev replaced Karmal by Mohammad Najibullah and prepared to withdraw Soviet forces. Discarding Marxism–Leninism for Islam proved the correct approach, but it came too late to salvage the Soviet nation-building project. The book also shows how Soviet leaders only started seriously paying attention to an Islamist threat from Afghanistan to Central Asia after 1986. While the Soviets had concerns related to Islamism in 1979, only the KGB believed the threat to be potent. The Soviet elites never fully conceptualized Islamism, continuing to see it as an ideology the United States, Iran, or Pakistan could instrumentalize at will. They believed the Islamists had little agency and that their retrograde ideology could not find massive appeal among progressive Soviet Muslims. In this, they were only partly right.
Conclusion
Authors: Klimentov Vassily
Published: May 2024

This chapter concludes that the Soviet–Afghan War has been a crucial issue within the Muslim world. It highlights the importance of the war since it helped with the emergence of Islamic solidarity by providing a consensus on Afghanistan. The assessment of Soviet policy in Afghanistan parallels the Soviet domestic realm since the Kremlin went through a double reckoning process during the Soviet–Afghan War after realizing that Islamism could challenge the Soviet state. The chapter explains how the definition of Islamism as a threat to the state, particularly Russia's Islamist moment, emerged only belatedly and before the Second Chechen War. It cites that the Islamist threat would become central in defining Russia's national security after the rise to power of Yevgeny Primakov and then Vladimir Putin.
Chapter XVI
Authors: Bakin Kyokutei
Published: May 2024

This chapter details Ōtsuka Bansaku Kazumori's escape from the battlefield and his travels to many roads over the course of a day and a night while bearing many wounds. In the hermitage that Bansaku took shelter, he heard the priest Bungyū and a maiden talking and realized the man plans to murder him in secret and take his belongings. Bansaku was able to kill the evil monk and spared the life of the maiden, who was then revealed to be Tatsuka, the daughter of Lord Tanzō Naohide of the I. The chapter recounts how Bansaku and Tatsuka fled Nenge Hermitage that was then consumed by flames when Tatsuka neglected to put out the fire when they left. It mentions Ōtsuka Shōsaku's daughter Kamezasa, who had been living unobtrusively for many years with her mother and displayed no concern for the plight of her family in being besieged.
Chapter XVII
Authors: Bakin Kyokutei
Published: May 2024

This chapter highlights the fulfilment of Ōtsuka Bansaku Kazumori's desire for the birth of a son and both his wife, Tastuka, and child were in the soundest of health when it happened. Bansaku named their child Shino, in celebration of what they hoped would be his long life. Tatsuka raised their son as a girl and dressed him in girl's clothing, believing this would keep their son safe until the boy reached the age of fifteen. The chapter talks about Hikiroku and Kamezasa, who scorned Tatsuka and Bansaku's decision to raise Shino as a girl and mocked them for not being proud of producing a son. When Tatsuka fell ill and died, Bansaku revealed to his son why his mother has been raising him as a girl.
Chapter XX
Authors: Bakin Kyokutei
Published: May 2024

This chapter narrates Shino's attempt to kill himself in the garden of his house when he was stopped by Nukasuke, Hikiroku, and Kamezasa. Shino's aunt and uncle tried to convince him not to plunge the blade in his belly, implying that they tried their best to save him and his father from the consequences of their transgression. Hikiroku regretted not letting Bansaku know of his true feelings while he was alive and offered to adopt Shino as a son by marrying him to his daughter Hamaji, ensuring the continuance of his ancestral bloodline. The chapter recounts how Shino was convinced not to kill himself and Hikiroku and Kamezasa gave Bansaku a proper funeral. Shino promised to stay in his uncle and aunt's household when the forty-nine days of his late father's intermediacy had passed.
Chapter XXV
Authors: Bakin Kyokutei
Published: May 2024

This chapter tells how Hikiroku almost drowned in the Kaniwa River, although it was an accident that was fabricated to steal Shino's Rainmaker. Hikiroku spoke to Shino and requested him that the accident should not be mentioned to Kamezasa as she will never cease speaking of it. Hikiroku and Kamezasa thought they had succeeded in stealing Rainmaker from Shino but Samojirō tricked them and had actually exchanged the sword with an ordinary one that he trickled river water with to make it seem like it magically created dew drops. The chapter details Hamaji and Shino's intimate conversion the night before he would leave with Gakuzō to go to Koga. Hamaji tried to convince Shino to take her with him on his journey but he refused and revealed that he has known his aunt and uncle's plan to get rid of him so that she can marry Kyūroku.
Chapter XXVI
Authors: Bakin Kyokutei
Published: May 2024

This chapter begins with Shino and Gakuzō leaving the inn they stayed for the night to part ways. Shino tells Gakuzō that when he arrives at Koga, he will explain the circumstances to his Lordship, reveal his late father's dying will, present the precious blade Rainmaker, and hope he is given employ so he could stay. Back at the household, Hikiroku and Kamezasa sighed with great relief after Shino went away and will never return alive as they expected Gakuzō to kill him. The chapter details how Hikiroku met with Gobaiji to talk about Kyūroku's underling marriage to Hamaji, although the girl had become ill and bedridden after Shino's departure. After much argument and debate, including a threat from Hikiroku to take his own life, Hamaji finally agreed to marry Kyūroku.
The Fable and the Problem of Jewish Literature
Authors: Zwiep Irene E.
Published: May 2024

This chapter looks at how previous Jewish scholars have dealt with the fable as non-Jewish Jewish literature. It juxtaposes two seminal paradigms of Jewish philology: the early rabbinic exegesis and the critical historicism of the Wissenschaft des Judentums. It also explores how the two seminal paradigms recognized the fable as a literary unit of mixed provenance and found ways to reconcile the genre's cultural hybridity with the demands of Jewish scholarship. The chapter analyzes the literature of the Sages and considers the classical passage from the Babylonian Talmud, Berakhot 61b, where Rabbi Akiva tries to boost Jewish morale by telling a traditional guile-and-folly fable. The equation of Torah with water was a favored cliché among early Jewish exegetes, who used to interpret Israel's forty years in the desert as imminent apostasy and their anxiety about the journey's water supply as a spiritual thirst for the divine word.
Synchronizing smart city nodes using Skew Integrated Timestamp (SIT)
Authors: Hashmi Muhammad Usman , Hussain Muntazir , Shah Asghar Ali , Babar Muhammad , Qureshi Basit
Published: May 2024

Time synchronization among smart city nodes is critical for proper functioning and coordinating various smart city systems and applications. It ensures that different devices and systems in the smart city network are synchronized and all the data generated by these devices is consistent and accurate. Synchronization methods in smart cities use multiple timestamp exchanges for time skew correction. The Skew Integrated Timestamp (SIT) proposed here uses a timestamp, which has time skew calculated from the physical layer and uses just one timestamp to synchronize. The result from the experiment suggests that SIT can be used in place of multiple timestamp exchanges, which saves computational resources and energy.
Exploring the Socioeconomic Dynamics and Technological Adaptation among Farmers: Implications for Sustainable Agricultural Development and Rural Livelihoods in Jaipur, India
Authors: Jakhar Meenakshi , Sharma R. N. , Badhala B.S. , Tetarwal Jhabar Mal
Published: May 2024

The research was conducted in Jaipur district of Rajasthan. There are 23 AAO departments under the jurisdiction of Deputy Commissioner of Agriculture, Jothwara (Jaipur). Among these, 4 AAO departments viz. Hingonia, Jobner, Boraj and Bichun were deliberately chosen for this study because the AAO circle is next to SKNAU, Jobner is within a radius of 20 km, researchers from the school respectively many people are making technological improvements in nearby villages and farmers are also active. A total of 120 participants were selected from these four AAO circles. Judging from the entire health history of farmers benefiting from Nongtang, the majority of farmers benefiting from Nongtang are middle-aged (35 to 51 years old) (58.33%). Primary school graduates (20.00%), farmers are union members (37.50%), their share of average annual income (77.50%) is Rs. 1,26,781 to Rs. 4,72,303 and farmers share small land. category (38.33%). Moreover, most of the beneficiary farmers (44.17%) have moderate farming experience ranging from 15 to 31 years, (23.19%) farmers use PM Kisan application, (70.00%) farmers use information technology, (68%) 34) consider agriculture as the main business. job. The relationship between income and technological change shows that there is a positive relationship between education level, social participation, annual income, insured land, agriculture, agricultural practice and knowledge. The beneficiary's social profile indicates education, community involvement, annual income, land ownership, farm practice use, and data-effective and relevant job creation and annual income. The correlation between the profile of the beneficiaries and their social variables shows a positive relationship between the level of education, social participation, and annual income. There is a significant relationship between the use of agricultural practices and the change in personal property and the education level of family members. Agricultural knowledge and information are important and positively related to changes in household members' education levels and ownership of agricultural equipment.
Analysis of Socio-economic Impacts of COVID-19 on Agricultural Practices Using Stepwise Regression
Authors: S. Manju Prem , M. Mohanraj , M. A. Sneha , Priyadarsinee Swadhin , J. Pooja Krishna
Published: May 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted rural farming communities, revealing significant shifts in economic factors, production methods, and farm management practices. This study, conducted in Chikkaballapur district, Karnataka, delves into the socio-economic ramifications of the pandemic on agricultural practices and the livelihoods of farmers. Utilizing a stepwise regression analysis approach, the research identifies influential variables such as changes in farm management, production, and health and sanitation facilities. Data were collected from 50 respondents during the pandemic's peak, employing statistical measures like mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation for comprehensive analysis. The findings underscore the intricate relationships between various factors affecting rural livelihoods and highlight the need for targeted interventions and policy measures. The study emphasizes the critical need for tailored policy interventions to address the socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 on agricultural practices. Specifically, policy recommendations include enhancing access to agricultural extension services, promoting digital agricultural solutions, investing in healthcare infrastructure, supporting economic diversification, and strengthening social protection mechanisms. By aligning policy interventions with the findings and indicators observed in the research, policymakers can effectively support rural farming communities in navigating the challenges posed by the pandemic and building resilience for the future.
Yield Gap Analysis of Common Bean through On-Farm Demonstrations in Central Rift Valley (CRV) of Ethiopia
Authors: Roba Belay , Miruts Fistum
Published: May 2024

This study proposes to analyze the yield gap of common bean varieties through on-farm demonstrations in the central Rift Valley of Ethiopia. The districts were purposefully selected based on their common bean production potential. A total of sixteen (16) trial farmers were selected from potential haricot bean-growing kebeles. Two improved common bean varieties, SAB-632 and SAB-736, and one standard check (Nasir) were planted on a plot size of 0.125ha. The result shows the highest mean yield was 26 qt/ha for SAB-632 in Shalla, followed by (24.4 qt/ha) at Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha district. The increase in productivity of SAB-632 at Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha and Adama district over respective standard checks was 20.35 % and 51.5 % respectively. The mean extension gap was 5.7 qt/ha in SAB-632, while -1.07 qt/ha was in SAB-736 variety. In addition the mean technology index was 7.7 % in the SAB-736, while it was 32 % for SAB-736 varieties. Across all locations, SAB-632 varieties have a technology index of less than 15 % indicating that their performance by these varieties in those district conditions was more than satisfactory. There is a need to adopt and scale up SAB-632 on a larger scale to enhance the adoption of variety.
Assessing Service Quality and Passenger Satisfaction: A Quantitative Study of Sea Transportation on the Padang Mentawai
Authors: Saransi Faisal , Erlinda Nelfi
Published: May 2024

Sea transportation is a vital component of the transportation network, with the Ship Sabuk Nusantara 68 serving as a key sea transport vessel under the Indonesian National Shipping Limited Liability Company (PT) (PELNI). Operating between Padang City and Mentawai Island, this passenger ship plays a crucial role in connecting these destinations. However, despite its importance, complaints regarding the quality of sea transportation services, particularly on the KMP Sabuk Nusantara 68 route between Padang and Mentawai, have been voiced by passengers.In response to these concerns, this research was conducted to assess the levels of service quality and passenger satisfaction. The study aimed to identify priority factors for enhancing service performance and passenger satisfaction. Employing a quantitative method, researchers utilized questionnaires as research instruments, with data analyzed using the Likert scale and the Important and Performance Analysis (IPA) methodology.The findings revealed that overall service quality was satisfactory, with passenger satisfaction levels reaching 89.12%. However, further improvements are still needed, particularly in areas such as ship cleanliness, which emerged as a critical aspect requiring immediate enhancement. Therefore, while passengers are generally content with the services provided, there is still room for improvement to ensure a consistently high level of service performance and passenger satisfaction.
Exploring the Influence of Social Media on Hotel Patronage in Cape Coast: An Empirical Study
Authors: Spio-Kwofie Adelaide , Hagan Eudora , Abdulai Seidatu , Ayine Charity Lariba
Published: May 2024

In Ghana, a huge gap exists in the literature on how social media influences the patronage of hotels especially in Cape Coast. The study sought to determine how social media contributes to the patronage of hotels in the Cape Coast metropolis. The study employed both quantitative and descriptive statistics in the data analysis. The study considered 5 hotels and 65 respondents from the study area. Convenience sampling techniques were used to select 65 respondents from the population. Questionnaires were the key data collection methods used in the study. The results revealed that social media influences hotel patronage. It was evident from the study that social media influences the patronage of hotels in the sense that most people are now very active on social media where they turn to seek information especially when they are away from home and need a place to sleep. Among the media platforms considered, Facebook was found to be the most used social media platform used by guest when searching for hotels. It was concluded that social media has made it easier to access information about products and services and prospective customers get to go through reviews by other customers which helps in decision making. Also, social media helps increase the profit margins of the hotel which is an indication that social media is widely utilised by guests of the hotel. It is recommended that hotels should devote much time and resources to the usage of social media platforms to increase brand awareness of their products and services. Again, further study should be conducted into factors that influence guest choices of a peculiar hotel.
Some Convergence Theorems of Henstock-Kurzweil-Dunford-Stieltjes Integral and Henstock-Kurzweil- Pettis-Stieltjes Integral of Banach-Valued Functions on \(\mathbb{R}\)
Authors: Mangubat Darwin P. , Flores Greig Bates C.
Published: May 2024

Let X be an arbitrary Banach space. The establishment of the Henstock-Kurzweil-Dunford-Stieltjes (HKDS) Integral and Henstock-Kurzweil-Pettis-Stieltjes (HKPS) Integral of an X-valued function over \(\mathbb{R}\) shows a viable and more generalized integration process utilizing the notion of dual spaces and weakly measurable functions. In this manuscript, the authors have discussed about some convergence theorems of Henstock- Kurzweil-Dunford-Stieltjes Integral and Henstock-Kurzweil-Pettis-Stieltjes Integral of X-valued functions on \(\mathbb{R}\) via uniform convergence with respect to the integrand and integrator.
Characteristics of Insulating Panels Realised from Coconut Palm Fibres for Low-Temperature Thermal Insulation
Authors: Mededji Daniel Segla , Sogbochi Elie , Djossou Ayihaou Armand , Cherkaoui Omar , Fagbemi Latif Adeniyi , Sohounhloue Dominique Codjo Koko
Published: May 2024

In recent years, there has been growing interest in issues relating to pollution and energy consumption, and the resulting regulations have led the construction sector to focus on thermal insulation. The application of bio-based insulation materials can help to minimise the environmental impact of buildings by reducing energy demand both during construction and over the lifetime of the building. Agroforestry biomass plays an interesting role, as its use can reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The aim of this work is to produce insulating panels from agroforestry by-products for low-temperature thermal insulation applications.  The insulating panels in this study are produced from coconut palm fibres and their thermophysical properties are determined. They were produced using a human-motricity press and the temperature rise was controlled using the hot-tape method. Characteristics such as calorific value and modelling of temperature rise as a function of time to calculate thermal conductivity, thermal effusivity and diffusivity were determined. The calorific value varies from 3668.0 to 4135.0 and from 3742.0 to 4186.0 cal.g-1 when the moisture content is 11.28 and 10.61%, respectively. The thermal conductivity, effusivity and thermal diffusivity are 0.4 W.m-1.K-1, 760.30 J.m-2.°C-1.s-1/2 and 2.73.10-7 m.s-1, respectively. In view of these results, coconut fibre represents a potential precursor to produce insulating panels.
Seasonal Incidence of Major Insect Pests of Chilli and Their Correlation with Weather Parameters
Authors: Borgohain Arundhati , Rajkumari Prarthna , Borah Nirmali , Borah Birinchi Kumar
Published: May 2024

Study Design: Randomised Block Design (RBD) with three (3) replications.
Place and Duration of Study: Biswanath College of Agriculture, Assam Agricultural University, Assam,India. The experiment was conducted during Rabi 2022-23.
Methodology: Suryamukhi variety of chilli from packages of practices for Organic crops of Assam was used for this investigation. Three sucking pests viz, Aphis gossypii, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Amrasca biguttula biguttula and one fruit borer Helicoverpa armigera was found infesting the chilli plants. Weather parameters such as maximum temperature, minimum temperature, average relative humidity, rainfall and bright sunshine hours were correlated with the insect populations.
Results: Aphids were positively correlated with sunshine hours (r=0.503*), thrips showed negative correlation with average relative humidity (r= -0.620*), jassids had a negative correlation with minimum temperature (r=-0.701*) and fruit borer showed negative correlation with sunshine hours (r= -0625**). Rainfall had no significant effect on incidence of pest population in chilli.
Conclusion: Insect pest populations are highly influenced by weather parameters. Through this research we can develop new pest management strategies according to their appearance and peak activity period.
Effect of Irrigation Regimes and Applied Nitrogen Levels on Growth and Physiological Responses of Ryegrass
Authors: Hazarika Nilotpal , Sharma Karuna Kanta
Published: May 2024

A field experiment was conducted at the Instructional-cum-Research (ICR) Farm, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with three replications. The treatments consisted of five levels of irrigation in main plot viz., I0:Rainfed, I1: Irrigation at critical growth stages, I2: Irrigation at IW:CPE ratio of 1.0, I3: Irrigation at IW:CPE ratio of 1.2 and I4: Irrigation at IW:CPE ratio of 1.4 along with four levels of N- N0: 0 kg N/ha, N1: 30 kg N/ha, N2: 60 kg N/ha and N3: 90 kg N/ha in sub- plots. The soil of the experimental site was sandy loam in texture, medium in organic carbon, available N and available P2O5, acidic in reaction and low in available K2O. The result revealed that the highest leaf area index (LAI) recorded in irrigation at IW:CPE ratio of 1.4 at all the three cuts respectively during both the years. The crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) of ryegrass as influenced by different irrigation regimes were found to be non-significant at 30 DAS while at later growth stages i.e. 45 DAS, 60 DAS, 90 DAS and 120 DAS were significantly influenced during both the years. The application of irrigation at IW:CPE of 1.4 produced higher value of CGR, RGR but the highest NAR was recorded in rainfed treatment. The data on LAI as influenced by different N levels was found to be significant in all three cuts. Application of 90 kg N/ha recorded the highest LAI. The CGR, RGR and NAR as influenced by different N levels were found to non significant at 30 DAS but significantly influenced at later growth stage i.e. 45 DAS, 60 DAS, 90 DAS and 120 DAS during both the years. The highest data on CGR and RGR were recorded in 90 kg N/ha but the highest NAR was found in 0 kg N/ha.
Effect of Phosphorus and Salicylic Acid on the Growth and Yield of Green Gram (Phaseolus radiata L.)
Authors: Singh Sudhanshu , Kumar Abhiranjan , Ranjan Abhishek , Dawson Joy
Published: May 2024

A field experiment was conducted during the Zaid (summer) season of 2023 at the Crop Research Farm Department of Agronomy. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with 10 treatments and replication thrice. The treatments consisted of 3 levels of phosphorus (30, 40 and 50 kg/ha) and 3 levels of Salicylic acid (500,750 and 1000 ppm) along with recommended doses of nitrogen and potash and a control (25-40-25 kg N-P-K/ha). Phosphorus at 50 kg/ha and Salicylic acid at 1000 ppm recorded maximum plant dry weight (9.34 g) at 45 DAS, pods per plant (25.69), seeds per pod (13.49), test weight (40.24), seed yield (13.75q/ha).
Advancements in Genetic Enhancement: CRISPR/Cas-Mediated Genome Editing in Leguminous Crops
Authors: Roy Anik , Sandhu Rubby
Published: May 2024

Legumes play a crucial role in human nutrition and sustainable agriculture due to their high protein content and health-promoting phytochemicals. To accelerate genetic gain in yield, stress resilience, and nutritional quality, extensive efforts are underway. Recent advancements in genomic resources have paved the way for the application of cutting-edge breeding technologies like genomic selection and genome editing in legume crops. This review focuses on the latest advancements in CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing technology, specifically tailored for improving traits in legume crops. While successful gene-editing methods have been established for crops like soybean, cowpea, and chickpea, challenges remain, particularly in overcoming the recalcitrance of certain legumes to gene transfer and regeneration in vitro. Strategies to enhance transformation and regeneration rates through modifications in culture methods and DNA delivery are discussed. Despite the potential benefits of gene editing in legume breeding, regulatory barriers pose significant challenges. A comparison of regulatory environments in different regions sheds light on the importance of favourable regulations and public acceptance for realizing CRISPR's potential in enhancing global food security. Additionally, leguminous crops are vital for their nutritional properties, nitrogen-fixing abilities, and contribution to sustainable agriculture. Traditional breeding methods focused on increasing yield, while recent advancements in genome editing techniques, notably CRISPR-Cas technology, have revolutionized the improvement of agronomic traits in legumes. This chapter provides insights into the application of genome editing tools for enhancing traits such as stress tolerance, yield, and seed content in grain legumes. Furthermore, it discusses the challenges and prospects associated with enhancing grain legumes using molecular breeding techniques. Genome editing has been successfully employed in diverse legumes, including model species like Medicago and widely cultivated crops such as soybean and chickpea, offering exciting opportunities for enhancing agronomic characteristics.
Effect of Tillage Practices and Fertilization Levels on Nutrient Uptake and Content in Grain and Straw of Wheat under Rice-Wheat Cropping System
Authors: Yadav Rohit , Yadav R. A. , Siddiqui M. Z. , Kumar Sanjeev , Yadav Mohit , Babu Sanjay , Kumar Yogesh , Sachan Ravindra
Published: May 2024

The present investigation was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm, CSAUAT, during rabi 2021-22 and 2022-23. The experiment was laid out into Split plot design with three replicates. The parameters were observed plant viz. nitrogen content in grain and straw (%), nitrogen uptake in grain and straw (kg ha-1), phosphorus content in grain and straw (%), phosphorus uptake in grain and straw (kg ha-1), potassium content in grain and straw (%), nitrogen uptake in grain and straw (kg ha-1). Basis on the pooled data the results of study revealed that in case of tillage practices maximum nitrogen content in grain and straw (1.80 and 0.53%), Nitrogen uptake in grain and straw (93.34 and 36.26 kg ha-1). Phosphorus content in grain and straw (0.31 and 0.20%) Phosphorus uptake in grain and straw (16.23 and 13.80 kg ha-1), Potassium content in grain and straw (0.42 and 1.38%), Potassium uptake in grain and straw (22.15 and 93.88 kg ha-1) respectively was reported in conventional tillage whereas in case of various fertility levels maximum nitrogen content in grain and straw (1.83 and 0.59%), Nitrogen uptake in grain and straw (100.31 and 35.06 kg ha-1). Phosphorus content in grain and straw (0.35 and 0.25%) Phosphorus uptake in grain and straw (18.16 and 16.63 kg ha-1) respectively, Potassium content in grain and straw (0.45 and 1.41%), Potassium uptake in grain and straw (24.97 and 101.03 kg ha-1) respectively with the application of 125% RDF+ tebunconzole.
Highly Dispersed Palladium–Polypyrrole Nanocomposites: In‐Water Synthesis and Application for Catalytic Arylation of Heteroaromatics by Direct C–H Bond Activation
Authors: Zinovyeva Veronika A. , Vorotyntsev Mikhail A. , Bezverkhyy Igor , Chaumont Denis , Hierso Jean‐Cyrille
Published: February 2011

Pd@PPy hybrid catalytic materials are synthesized in water via redox polymerization reaction of pyrrole with [Pd(NH3)4Cl2]. The nanocomposites formed are composed of highly dispersed palladium particles which are either zerovalent or easily reducible, and are embedded in spherical polypyrrole globules. A unique combination of high palladium dispersion (NP size: 2.4 nm) and elevated palladium content (35 wt%) is obtained. The components of these novel nanocomposites are characterized by means of FTIR, XPS, XRD, SEM, and TEM microscopy techniques. The process of formation in solution is also monitored using UV‐visible and DLS techniques. The application of these novel hybrid nanomaterials in the palladium‐catalyzed direct arylation of heteroaromatics is reported. High efficiency in C–C bond formation is obtained using these materials. Furans and thiophenes are arylated by using bromoarenes. Pd@PPy nanocomposites can efficiently couple n‐butyl furan and n‐butyl thiophene with bromobenzene and bromoquinoline, as well as with activated or deactivated electron‐poor and electron‐rich functionalized bromoarenes. Thus, a clean reaction process is developed that combines the absence of organic ligand in catalytic reactions and easy recovery of Pd@PPy nanocomposite via simple filtration. Preliminary kinetic and post‐catalysis studies suggest a molecular or colloidal soluble active species. These very active species are efficiently delivered by the nanocomposites and susceptible to a surprisingly uniform back redeposition within the polypyrrole support.
The West African climate system: a review of the AMMA model inter‐comparison initiatives
Authors: Ruti P. M. , Williams J. E. , Hourdin F. , Guichard F. , Boone A. , Van Velthoven P. , Favot F. , Musat I. , Rummukainen M. , Domínguez M. , Gaertner M. Á. , Lafore J. P. , Losada T. , Rodriguez de Fonseca M. B. , Polcher J. , Giorgi F. , Xue Y. , Bouarar I. , Law K. , Josse B. , Barret B. , Yang X. , Mari C. , Traore A. K.
Published: February 2011

We review the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) model inter‐comparison activities for West Africa. The Model Inter‐comparison Project is an evaluation exercise of how global and regional atmospheric models represent seasonal and intra‐seasonal variations of the climate and rainfall over the Sahel. The Land surface Model Inter‐comparison Project in turn focuses on modelling critical land surface processes over West Africa and on their link with the atmosphere. The CHEmistry Model Inter‐comparison Project (CHEMIP) is a comparison of the tropospheric composition as simulated by a number of Chemical Transport Models (CTM) and Chemistry‐Climate Models. We highlight the main model limitations and provide recommendations for future development. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Mesoscale water cycle within the West African Monsoon
Authors: Peugeot C. , Guichard F. , Bock O. , Bouniol D. , Chong M. , Boone A. , Cappelaere B. , Gosset M. , Besson L. , Lemaître Y. , Séguis L. , Zannou A. , Galle S. , Redelsperger J‐L.
Published: February 2011

We review the main studies on mesoscale water cycle from the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) project. The estimations of precipitation and evapotranspiration, which are the coupling terms between the atmosphere and the surface water cycles, are addressed. Advances in the evaluation of the various components of atmospheric and surface water budgets are reported, and the yearly surface budgets for the Benin and Niger AMMA mesoscale sites are given as examples. The major outcomes and limitations of atmosphere‐surface model coupling exercises are also reported. The paper concludes with suggestions on the research directions on which the community should make future efforts. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
AMMA's contribution to the evolution of prediction and decision‐making systems for West Africa
Authors: Polcher Jan , Parker Douglas J. , Gaye Amadou , Diedhiou Arona , Eymard Laurence , Fierli Federico , Genesio Lorenzo , Höller Hartmut , Janicot Serge , Lafore Jean‐Philippe , Karambiri Harouna , Lebel Thierry , Redelsperger Jean‐Luc , Reeves Claire E. , Ruti Paolo , Sandholt Inge , Thorncroft Chris
Published: February 2011

The AMMA (African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis) project set out to better understand the geophysical processes which govern the evolution of the monsoon and provide the science needed to improve prediction and decision‐support systems. The control exerted by weather and climate on agronomic production, water resources and public health was studied to evaluate the potential for populations to adapt. AMMA made advances which have the potential to improve forecasts from weather to climate scales. Translating them into operational tools for decision making will require improvements to the observational networks, and stronger support for the organizations which generate and disseminate application forecasts. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
A Flexible Porphyrin–Annulene Hybrid: A Nonporphyrin Conformation formeso‐Tetraaryldivacataporphyrin
Authors: Pacholska‐Dudziak Ewa , Szterenberg Ludmiła , Latos‐Grażyński Lechosław
Published: February 2011

An annulene–porphyrin hybrid, the diaaza‐deficient porphyrin 5,10,15,20‐tetraaryl‐21,23‐divacataporphyrin, has been synthesized by an extrusion of tellurium atom(s) from 5,10,15,20‐tetraaryl‐21,23‐ditelluraporphyrin under treatment with HCl. In addition, a monoaza‐deficient 5,10,15,20‐tetraaryl‐21‐tellura‐23‐vacataporphyrin was formed in the same reaction. The two new members of the vacataporphyrin family were characterized by X‐ray crystallography, as well as UV/Vis and NMR spectroscopy. These aromatic molecules preserve the fundamental structural and spectroscopic features of the parent tetraarylporphyrin. The X‐ray crystal structures of 21,23‐divacataporphyrin and 21‐tellura‐23‐vacataporphyrin show typical porphyrin patterns. The molecules are not strictly planar and show distortion of the annulene moieties. The N22⋅⋅⋅N24 distances (5.23 and 5.09 Å) are considerably longer than in regular porphyrins. For 21,23‐divacataporphyrin, variable‐temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy data allowed the identification of divacataporphyrin stereoisomers differentiated by the geometry of the butadiene bridges. The forms remain in thermodynamic equilibrium.
L‐α alanine crystals: theoretical and experimental morphology and habit modifications in CaCO3 solution
Authors: Massimino F. , Bruno M. , Rubbo M. , Aquilano D.
Published: February 2011

Empirical potential has been modified for α‐alanine intermolecular interaction, in order to perform a Periodic Bond Chain (PBC) analysis. Equilibrium and growth shapes have been predicted in vacuum and the equilibrium shape has been successfully modified by the solvent interaction. α‐alanine crystals have been prepared both in pure and in CaCO3 aqueous solution. Then, habit modification was observed and surface morphology analysis has been carried out on metallized crystals. Epitaxial model acting at the α‐alanine/ CaCO3 interfaces is also proposed. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Accurate measurement of deposition rates for growth of Bi‐based oxide thin films
Authors: Zhang Bingsen , Qi Yang
Published: February 2011

Bi‐based oxide thin films are important superconducting materials because of its wide applicability, high transition temperatures, and low toxicity. To achieve high quality Bi‐based oxide thin films by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), the composition is a key parameter. Here, Bi, Cu, Cu/Sr and Cu/Ca thin films on glass substrates prepared by MBE have been examined by using both X‐ray reflectivity and surface profiler. The thickness and surface roughness were obtained through calculation and simulation. In comparison with the film thicknesses measured by these two methods, they are in good agreement. The lines of thickness deposition rate (R) versus source temperature (T) are according with LogR=a+b/T based on Clausius‐Clapeyron equation. Moreover, the Bi2.1CaySr1.9‐yCuO6+δ thin films with different composition and thickness were successfully prepared by MBE by applying the thickness deposition rate lines. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
PseudoBartter syndrome in eating disorders
Authors: Bahia Amit , Mascolo Margherita , Gaudiani Jennifer L. , Mehler Philip S.
Published: February 2011

Objective:

PseudoBartter's syndrome, a complex pattern of seemingly unrelated metabolic abnormalities, is frequently seen in patients with eating disorders, particularly those who indulge in purging behaviors. We present two cases that, despite divergent background histories and clinical presentations, possess the unifying pathophysiology that ultimately leads to this syndrome.

Method:

Case report and review of literature pertaining to Bartter's and PseudoBartter's syndromes.

Results:

Purging behaviors commonly result in a state of profound dehydration and chloride depletion that leads to the metabolic abnormalities characteristic of inheritable sodium and chloride renal tubular transport disorders. In the eating disorder patient, these abnormalities lead to a propensity towards marked edema formation.

Discussion:

The metabolic and clinical manifestations of PseudoBartter's syndrome are seen more commonly than previously thought. It is important to appreciate that a complex self‐perpetuating pathophysiology leads to the hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis characteristic of PseudoBartter syndrome. The metabolic abnormalities characteristic of this phenomenon should therefore be viewed in this context and the resulting predilection towards marked edema formation should be borne in mind. © 2011 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012)
Perception of control during episodes of eating: Relationships with quality of life and eating psychopathology
Authors: Jenkins Paul E. , Conley Colleen S. , Rienecke Hoste Renee , Meyer Caroline , Blissett Jacqueline M.
Published: February 2011

Objective:

Experience of loss of control (LOC) during eating is an important indicator of pathology, although this concept has not received a great deal of research attention. The present study explores how quality of life (QoL) is related to LOC during eating.

Method:

Three hundred and thirty‐nine female university students completed measures of eating pathology, general psychiatric symptomatology, and QoL. They were subsequently categorized according to the degree of LOC experienced during eating into one of five groups: no binge eating (NBE); objective overeating (OOE); objective binge eating (OBE); subjective binge eating (SBE); and a mixed OBE/SBE group (Mixed).

Results:

Individuals who experienced LOC during eating reported significantly poorer QoL and more psychiatric symptoms.

Discussion:

In a nonclinical female sample, LOC during eating appeared to be a more important marker of pathology and poorer self‐reported QoL than the amount of food eaten. © 2011 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012)
Investigating the Phospholylcarbene to Phosphinine Conversion
Authors: Chen Hui , Li Jin , Wang Huaiqiu , Liu Hui , Duan Zheng , Mathey François
Published: February 2011

A DFT study suggests that the conversion of arsolylcarbenes into arsenines as described by Märkl proceeds via arsabenzvalenes. A similar conversion does not work with phospholylcarbenes. However, we have found that, in some cases, 1‐diazoalkylphosphole sulfides are converted into phosphinine sulfides whose in situ reduction by triphenylphosphite affords the dicoordinate phosphinines.
Numerical investigation of tube furnace toxicity measurement method (ISO 19700)
Authors: Mahalingam A. , Jia F. , Wang Z. , Patel M. K. , Galea E. R.
Published: February 2011

ISO TS 19700 describes a test method for the generation of fire effluent and the identification and measurement of its constituent combustion products. The method has been previously accepted as a British Standard (BS 7990:2003) and as an IEC Standard (IEC 60695‐7‐50), which involves the decomposition of materials or products under various decomposing conditions occurring in different types and stages of real fires. It uses a moving test specimen and a tube furnace at different temperatures and air flow rates as the fire model. Simulations of flow and combustion conditions inside the tube (Purser) furnace were carried out and validated with the measurements. The objective of the present study is to demonstrate the validity of using computational fluid dynamics (CFD)‐based fire field modelling techniques to predict the fire environment inside the tube furnace. These numerical investigations are also used to verify critical experimental operating parameters that affect the performance of the tube furnace and understand the modus operandi of the tube furnace toxicity method. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of the GWCE and mixed P − P1 formulations in finite‐element linearized shallow‐water models
Authors: Roux D. Y. Le , Walters R. , Hanert E. , Pietrzak J.
Published: February 2011

The appearance of spurious pressure modes in early shallow‐water (SW) models has resulted in two common strategies in the finite element (FE) community: using mixed primitive variable and generalized wave continuity equation (GWCE) formulations of the SW equations. One FE scheme in particular, the P − P1 pair, combined with the primitive equations may be advantageously compared with the wave equation formulations and both schemes have similar data structures. Our focus here is on comparing these two approaches for a number of measures including stability, accuracy, efficiency, conservation properties, and consistency. The main part of the analysis centres on stability and accuracy results via Fourier‐based dispersion analyses in the context of the linear SW equations. The numerical solutions of test problems are found to be in good agreement with the analytical results. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unsteady three‐dimensional boundary layer flow due to a stretching surface in a micropolar fluid
Authors: Ahmad K. , Nazar R. , Ishak A. , Pop I.
Published: February 2011

In this paper, the unsteady three‐dimensional boundary layer flow due to a stretching surface in a viscous and incompressible micropolar fluid is considered. The partial differential equations governing the unsteady laminar boundary layer flow are solved numerically using an implicit finite‐difference scheme. The numerical solutions are obtained which are uniformly valid for all dimensionless time from initial unsteady‐state flow to final steady‐state flow in the whole spatial region. The equations for the initial unsteady‐state flow are also solved analytically. It is found that there is a smooth transition from the small‐time solution to the large‐time solution. The features of the flow for different values of the governing parameters are analyzed and discussed. The solutions of interest for the skin friction coefficient with various values of the stretching parameter c and material parameter K are presented. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.