bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PHF2 histone demethylase prevents DNA damage and genome instability by controlling cell cycle progression of neural progenitors
Authors: Pappa Stella , Padilla Natalia , Iacobucci Simona , Vicioso Marta , Álvarez de la Campa Elena , Navarro Claudia , Marcos Elia , de la Cruz Xavier , Martínez-Balbás Marian A.
Published: September 2019

Histone H3 lysine 9 methylation (H3K9me) is essential for cellular homeostasis; however, its contribution to development is not well established. Here, we demonstrate that the H3K9me2 demethylase PHF2 is essential for neural progenitor proliferation in vitro and for early neurogenesis in the chicken spinal cord. Using genome-wide analyses and biochemical assays we show that PHF2 controls the expression of critical cell cycle progression genes, particularly those related to DNA replication, by keeping low levels of H3K9me3 at promoters. Accordingly, PHF2 depletion induces R-loop accumulation that leads to extensive DNA damage and cell cycle arrest. These data reveal a role of PHF2 as a guarantor of genome stability that allows proper expansion of neural progenitors during development.
Differentiating and teaching the Chinese near-synonyms kongpa and pa
Authors: Huang Shu-Yu , Liou Yu-Chen
Published: September 2019

Previous research and data from learner corpora show that Chinese language learners have a hard time
differentiating kǒngpà (恐怕) and pà (怕). However, there has been little research analyzing the
differences between the two words. Therefore, this study aims to distinguish kǒngpà and pà when
both words denote worry toward a probable event. Adopting the corpus-based analysis approach, the researchers explain the semantic
and pragmatic differences between kǒngpà and pà. Based on the research findings, the researchers
propose discovery-oriented activities and drill practice to guide students to use the two words correctly. The researchers further
argue that research findings from corpora data should be included in textbooks and integrated into Chinese language
instruction.
Metacognitive self-perception in interpreting
Authors: Fernández Bravo Elena Aguirre
Published: September 2019

The ability of interpreters to engage in metacognitive activity enabling them to self-assess the changing purpose of their task and subsequent strategies can play a pivotal role in their global attainment levels. This paper argues that developing a high degree of metacognition can be key, not only for the expert’s interpreting performance, but also for trainees’ learning processes, helping them develop a more accurate professional self-concept and better self-regulation techniques. The study, carried out with 199 interpreting trainees, tested a tool to assess self-perceived metacognition levels. The measurement tool was developed on the basis of previous relevant academic contributions to the overlapping fields of Education, Interpreting and Psychology. According to the results of a factor analysis, self-perceived metacognition in interpreting trainees can be defined as a construct made up of four dimensions: self-knowledge perception, consolidation of one’s own set of criteria, development of a macro-strategy, and task-focused flow.
A systems theory perspective on the translation
process
Authors: Carl Michael , Tonge Andrew , Lacruz Isabel
Published: September 2019

The translation process has often been described as a sequence
of three steps, source text (ST) analysis, source-target transfer, and target
text (TT) generation. We propose a radically different view, in which the human
translation process consists of a hierarchy of interacting word and phrase
translations systems which organize and integrate as dissipative structures.
Activation of word (or phrase) translation systems is a non-selective subliminal
process in the translator’s mind not restricted to one language. Depending on
the entropy (i.e., the internal order) of the word translation systems, a human
translator spends more or less time and energy during the translation process,
which can be measured in the form of gaze patterns and production duration.
History, distribution and uses of citrus fruit.
Authors: Albrigo L. G. , Stelinski L. L. , Timmer L. W.
Published: September 2019

This chapter provides information on the areas of origin, history, distribution and production and uses of fruits of various Citrus species. The major citrus production areas are presented and current trends in production are also discussed.
Taxonomy, cultivars and breeding.
Authors: Albrigo L. G. , Stelinski L. L. , Timmer L. W.
Published: September 2019

This chapter focuses on the confusing and controversial taxonomic situation for Citrus and related genera and the role of molecular biology (biotechnological) advances in clarifying the genetic relationships between various Citrus species. A discussion of the major commercially important Citrus species and cultivars and traditional and current techniques in citrus breeding are also presented.
Plant husbandry.
Authors: Albrigo L. G. , Stelinski L. L. , Timmer L. W.
Published: September 2019

This chapter deals with citrus plant husbandry, including field and nursery practices, starting from site and seed selection, planting and seedling preparation, and propagation, to irrigation, fertilizer application, freeze protection, pruning, growth regulator use and weed control. Citrus nursery practices are almost all in protected cover, providing disease-free trees that are much more costly. Almost all plantings are high density to more quickly recover costs and provide economic returns before pests and diseases reduce productivity of the plantings. Due to serious diseases, especially HLB, costs of production are much higher than in the past. Pest and nutritional sprays plus ground fertilizers are now the major costs of production, with weed control usually the third most costly practice.
Fruit quality, harvesting and postharvest technology.
Authors: Albrigo L. G. , Stelinski L. L. , Timmer L. W.
Published: September 2019

Postharvest handling and processing of citrus fruits are economically important final steps in transferring fruit from the orchard to the consumer. Unlike most other fruit crops, a high percentage of the worldwide citrus crop is processed into frozen concentrated or single-strength juice products. This chapter deals with postharvest quality, harvesting and handling of citrus fruits, including the importance of biotic and abiotic problems, as well as packinghouse and processing techniques. Issues on food safety for both fresh and processed citrus are also mentioned.
Step length and grade effects on energy absorption and impact attenuation in running
Authors: Baggaley Michael , Vernillo Gianluca , Martinez Aaron , Horvais Nicolas , Giandolini Marlene , Millet Guillaume Y. , Edwards W. Brent
Published: September 2019

We sought to examine the effect of step length manipulation on energy absorption and impact attenuation during graded running. Nineteen runners (10F, 9M) ran on an instrumented treadmill at three step lengths (preferred and ±10% preferred) at each of five grades (0°, ±5°, and ±10°) while 3D motion data were captured. Speed was held constant at 3.33 m/s and step length was manipulated by syncing cadence to a metronome. Manipulating step length altered energy absorption (p ≤ 0.002) and impact attenuation (p < 0.0001) across all grades. Energy absorption at the knee joint was most responsive to step length manipulations [Δ range (±10%SL‐PrefSL) = 0.076–0.126 J/kg, p < 0.0001], followed by the ankle (Δ range = 0.026–0.100 J/kg, p = 0.001) and hip (Δ range = 0.008–0.018 J/kg, p < 0.006). Shortening step length reduced knee joint energy absorption at all grades with the smallest effect observed during uphill running (Δ ≥ −0.053 J/kg), while large reductions occurred during level (Δ = −0.096 J/kg) and downhill running (Δ ≥ −0.108 J/kg). Increasing step length resulted in greater knee joint energy absorption (p ≤ 0.037) across all grades of running. Impact attenuation was greatest at long step lengths (Δ = 2.708) and lowest at short step lengths (Δ = −2.061), compared to preferred. Overall, Step length influenced the energy absorption and impact attenuation characteristics of the lower extremity during level and graded running. Adopting a shorter step length may be a useful intervention to reduce knee joint loading, particularly during downhill or level running. Elongating step length placed a greater demand on the lower extremity joints, which may expedite the development of neuromuscular fatigue.
Blood flow restriction does not augment low force contractions taken to or near task failure
Authors: Buckner Samuel L. , Jessee Matthew B. , Dankel Scott J. , Mattocks Kevin T. , Mouser J. Grant , Bell Zachary W. , Abe Takashi , Bentley John P. , Loenneke Jeremy P.
Published: September 2019

Low‐load exercise performed to or near task failure appears to result in similar skeletal muscle adaptations as low‐load exercise with the addition of blood flow restriction (BFR). However, there may be a point where the training load becomes too low to stimulate an anabolic response without BFR. This study examined skeletal muscle adaptions to very low‐load resistance exercise with and without BFR. Changes in muscle thickness (MTH), strength, and endurance were examined following 8‐weeks of training with a traditional high‐load [70% 1RM,(7000)], low‐load [15% 1RM,(1500)], low‐load with moderate BFR [15%1RM + 40%BFR(1540)], or low‐load with greater BFR [15% 1RM + 80%BFR(1580)]. 1RM strength changes were greater in the 7000 condition [2.09 (95% CI = 1.35–2.83) kg] compared to all low‐load conditions. For isometric and isokinetic strength, there were no changes. For endurance, there was a main effect for time [mean pre to post change = 7.9 (4.3–11.6) repetitions]. At the 50% site, the mean change in MTH in the 7000 condition [0.16 (0.10–0.22) cm] was greater than all low‐load conditions. For the 60% site, the mean change in MTH [0.15 (0.08–0.22)] was greater than all low‐load conditions. For the 70% site there was a main effect for time [mean pre to post change = 0.09 (0.05–0.14 cm]. All groups increased muscle size; however, this response was less in all very low training conditions compared to high‐load training. 1RM strength increased in the 7000 condition only, with no other changes in strength observed.
Mammalian kinetochores count attached microtubules in a sensitive and switch-like manner
Authors: Kuhn Jonathan , Dumont Sophie
Published: September 2019

The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) prevents anaphase until all kinetochores attach to the spindle. Each mammalian kinetochore binds many microtubules, but how many attached microtubules are required to turn off the checkpoint, and how the kinetochore monitors microtubule numbers, are not known and are central to understanding SAC mechanisms and function. To address these questions, here we systematically tune and fix the fraction of Hec1 molecules capable of microtubule binding. We show that Hec1 molecules independently bind microtubules within single kinetochores, but that the kinetochore does not independently process attachment information from different molecules. Few attached microtubules (20% occupancy) can trigger complete Mad1 loss, and Mad1 loss is slower in this case. Finally, we show using laser ablation that individual kinetochores detect changes in microtubule binding, not in spindle forces that accompany attachment. Thus, the mammalian kinetochore responds specifically to the binding of each microtubule and counts microtubules as a single unit in a sensitive and switch-like manner. This may allow kinetochores to rapidly react to early attachments and maintain a robust SAC response despite dynamic microtubule numbers.
Interpretation of paleodepositional environment using biomarkers and carbon isotope (δ13C) in Talang Akar Formation, South Sumatra Basin, Indonesia
Authors: Jamaluddin  , Fuqi Cheng , Maria  , Syamsuddin Erfan , Umar Emi Prasetyawati
Published: September 2019

Talang Akar Formation is a proven hydrocarbon source rock in South Sumatra basin. The formation contains dominant shale at the top, with some sandstone interbeds. This study uses 3 crude oil sample and 10 well-cutting obtained from two well (SMT-1 & SMT-2) in Prabumulih oil field. We used biomarkers and carbon isotopes (δ13C) data to determine the paleodepositional environment of Talang Akar Formation. The biomarkers data were obtained from gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of normal alkanes, isoprenoids, triterpene, and steranes. Carbon isotopes (δ13C) include saturated and aromatic fractions. The pristine (Pr) to phytane (Ph) ratio is a good indicator of the depositional environment. Higher values of Pr/Ph ratio i.e. ≥3.0 indicate oxidizing conditions i.e. terrestrial while lower values in the range of 1.0-3.0 suggests siliciclastic-dominated marine conditions. However, very low values i.e. ≤ 1.0 indicate reducing conditions or fresh and brackish water conditions. The results in this research show that Pr/Ph ratios range from 7.90-16.66, characteristic of high wax crude oils, primarily originated in fluviatile and deltaic environment containing a significant amount of terrestrial organic matter. Similarly, the resultant ratios of Pr/n-C17 and Ph/n-C18 in SMT-1 and SMT-2 wells range from 0.91-10.72 and 0.11-1.29 respectively, which reflect that most of kerogen was derived from humic source and tend towards an oxidative environment of deposition. Cross-plot of carbon-13 isotopes (δ13C) shows saturated versus aromatic fraction. The resultant plot indicate a deltaic to marginal marine environment for SMT-2 well and a more marine environment for SMT-1 well. The oil/source rock correlation analysis using biomarker data shows that the oils in Prabumulih field is correlated with the oils in source rock of Talang Akar Formation. This study concludes that the source rock contains abundant humic organic matter that was deposited in a transitional (Fluvio-deltaic) to marginal marine environment under oxic conditions.
Poisson’s Ratio Distribution in A Geothermal Field
Authors: Ismullah Massinai Muhammad Fawzy , Basdar Purwansah BS , Kamah Muhammad Yustin , Massinai Muhammad Altin
Published: September 2019

Nowadays microearthquake or microseismic monitoring is powerful tool to investigate and evaluate the geothermal field. Each event of microseismic can be associated with permeable zone. One parameter can be used as a fracture indicator is Poisson’s Ratio. The simple method to get information about Poisson’s Ratio is Wadati Diagram. We applied this method in “A” Geothermal Field with 2 month recording microseismic data. The range of Poisson’s Ratio distribution is 0.11197 – 0.468463. The lower Poisson’s Ratio associated with un-fractured rocks and the higher indicate fractured rocks.
Geology and Genesis of the Tanco Isolated Hill on the Kerinci Lake, Jambi
Authors: Nabella F , Utama H W , Said Y M
Published: September 2019

Kerinci area is a small part of the Barisan Range where the Magmatic Arc Zones and a valley extending from the northwest to the southeast flanked by hills with steep slopes on both of sides that flank it. Isolated hill which is on the Kerinci Lake is the main focus to be studied because its existence is located in the middle of a part of the depression Kerinci Lake. In additions, in the vacinity of the research site there has never been research conducted both of in general and specifically. The research was conducted by interpreting the geological controlled by mechanism on isolated hill morphology forming based on geomorphoogical approach and petrographic analysis. Kerinci Lake on the south side of the research site is indicated as volcano - tectonic lake. The isolated hill is thought to be related to the formation of Kerinci Lake. In saveral location along the path of the Sumatran fault saveral lakes were found which were controlled by this fault. Sumatran fault formation is influenced by strike slip, while the formation of the lake is influenced by extensional stress. Based on it is existence, understanding the location of the research could be done analyzedg of volcanism and structural geology.
Application of water-sensitivity assessment procedure for outlining the urbanized Ciliwung watershed restoration plan
Authors: Sutjiningsih Dwita , Soeryantono Herr , Saleh Toha , Anggraheni Evi
Published: September 2019

Various studies show a close relationship between imperviousness and various biotic/abiotic elements of aquatic ecosystem. This phenomenon has been adapted to assess the water-sensitivity of a regional spatial plan at regency/city level. A generic assessment procedure based on the experience in Upper Ciliwung watershed is ready for application in other regions. The objective of this study is to apply the assessment procedure in set of subwatersheds, which covers all stream classifications, as specified in the reformulated impervious cover model. Using family biotic index as indicator of aquatic ecosystem quality, water quality index and habitat score as dependent variables, and impervious cover as independent variable, the regression equations are derived based on the data of 17 subwatersheds of Ciliwung watershed with imperviousness ranges of 5.23-91.10%. Based on the assessment result an outline of restoration plan can then be developed.
Development of Sesbania Slicing Machine for the Production of Artificial Flowers
Authors: Booddachan K , Bhuwakietkumjohn N , Paramethanuwat T , Sriwongras P
Published: September 2019

The objective of this research was to develop sesbania slicing machine. There were 3 machinery parts that have been developed; guide rail unit, sesbania feeding lever unit, and pick-up hook set lever unit. The guide rail was shaped into a rectangular unit with 15.4 cm width, 25 cm length, 10 cm height, and 0.5 cm thickness. The sesbania feeding lever unit was a rectangular shape of 50.5 mm width, 240 mm length. The machine was controlled by a 9 mm diameter lever, 330 mm length, and pulled by a guide rail with 24 mm width, 425 mm length. The pick-up hook lever unit set is a stainless steel U-shaped bar with 130 mm width, and 159 mm length which was controlled by a 9 mm diameter lever with 319 mm length. The results showed that the suitable revolution was 60 rpm which can slide sesbania wood at 10 seconds/part. The efficiency of the sesbaina slicing machine was 89 percent at 60 rpm. After the experiment of slicing sesbania parts, the obtained thickness of sesbania sheets were 0.6, 0.8, and 1 mm respectively. The results complied with the required criteria.
The Amount of Cassava Tuber Remained on Underground Stem after Chopped with Various Cross-Section and Diameter of Cylinder Blades
Authors: Suvanapa K , Wongpichet S
Published: September 2019

This study aims to test and compare the amount of cassava tubers which remained with underground stem after chopped with cylinder blades which had different cross-section and sizes (3x3 Treatments) by using “Kasetsart 50 cassava variety” with the age of 8 months old that planted in sandy loam in Kalasin Province. There are 30 cassava stalks per treatment were used as the sample. The implement of the test was Factorial in Completely Randomized Design. The results found that increasing of diameter of the cylinder blade from 6 – 8 cm caused the increasing amount of cassava tuber remained with underground stem, however, average tuber loss was just in range of 2.56-3.36% wt. (p-value = 0.003), but the increasing did not affect the amount of force used in cassava chopper. As for changing the cross section of cylinder blade (Square, Round and Hexagon), it caused changes in the amount of cassava tuber remained with underground stem after chopping, but there was no exact direction (p-value = 0.036). However, changing of cross section would cause changes of cassava chopper force (p-value = 0.001) that its directions were related to the length of perimeter of each cross-section.
Effect of temperature by infrared thermal treatment on the rice bran qualities
Authors: Jaianong N , Choomjaihan P
Published: September 2019

The objective of this research was to study the effect of the infrared heat treatment on the qualities of the rice bran. The rice bran with the initial moisture content of 12.9 %gwater·g−1
dry matter was heated under the high temperature generated from infrared radiation at 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140°C respectively and the target moisture content of rice bran after being heated was 5 % gwater·g−1
dry matter. The optimum condition of thermal treatment of rice bran respect to the quality of extracted oil and the energy consumption was determined. The results showed that the rice bran oil was extracted more at 140°C heat treatment than other temperature; additionally, the free fatty acid in extracted rice bran oil was smallest in amount. Nevertheless, the concentration of gamma oryzanol was not difference throughout the experiment. The mathematical model of drying kinetics was examined, and the appropriate model was the Logarithmic model which the R2 of 0.9955 – 0.9994 and the RMSE of 1.5×10−5-6.3×10−5
Drying in a desiccant wheel dehumidification system-assisted hot air dryer: desiccant wheel effectiveness and carrot drying
Authors: Cheevitsopon E , Jongyingcharoen J S
Published: September 2019

A desiccant wheel dehumidification system was used in this study to reduce humidity of the air supplied to a hot air dryer. Desiccant wheel effectiveness was determined based on the ideal adiabatic dehumidification process. Best results of adiabatic dehumidification effectiveness and adiabatic enthalpy effectiveness in the range of 0.89 to 0.99 were achieved. Specific adsorption of silica gel in the desiccant wheel was rotational speed dependent. The desiccant wheel system could reduce the relative humidity from 70 to 44%. Drying of cylindrical carrot in the desiccant wheel dehumidification system-assisted hot air dryer was also conducted in this study. The drying temperatures were varied from 80 to 120˚C. The desiccant material regeneration process reused exhaust drying air for heat exchanging with the regenerating air, higher drying temperature caused higher moisture evaporated from the desiccant material. Comparing between dehumidified hot air drying and conventional hot air drying, greater drying rates of dehumidified hot air drying were achieved at the drying temperatures of 100 and 120˚C.
Simulation and Application of Reuleaux Triangle In Geometric Measurement
Authors: Hu Xiao , Li Na , Liu BaiYu
Published: September 2019

The reuleaux triangle is studied and calculated by a large number of scholars because of its special properties of equal width, which has many applications in engineering, computer, biological science, etc. Geometry geodesy is a science that establishes mathematical models of geometric parameters for the earth. There are many designs and constructions using the shape of the reuleaux triangle in modern architecture. However, there are still few references in this part of the application modeling and research analysis. Therefore, based on the basic theory and special properties of the reuleaux triangle, the trajectory of the vertices and the center point are researched in the scene of rotate and scroll. Then, the geometric measurement algorithm based on the reuleaux triangle is proposed, which is applied to the measurement and calculation of the design of the earth building design. The algorithm solves the problem effectively that the building cannot be stabilized due to the height. Finally, the geometric position of the building at the ground point is determined. At the end of the paper, the geometry of Shanghai Central Building is simulated by MATLAB, and the effectiveness of the simulation algorithm is proved.
Research of green architecture—take Chinese traditional cave dwellings as an example
Authors: Li Wenting , Li Hongbao
Published: September 2019

Most of people on the Loess Plateau live in cave dwellings. Cave dwelling, as a traditional residential building in China, demonstrates the wisdom of traditional Chinese residents. Cave dwelling, which is mainly made of earth, is gradually built by the people of the Loess Plateau by integrating natural environment and their unique natural resources. To a certain extent, cave dwelling also embodies the philosophy of sustainable development, coexisting harmoniously with nature, conforming to nature and cultivating nature. The research on the design of traditional Chinese cave dwellings has played a certain role in the exploration of green architecture in the future. In this paper studies the traditional Chinese dwellings - cave dwellings comprehensively, describes from many perspectives like the historical background, practical role and long-term impact, which is of great practical significance.
Strategic Research on Green Buildings in Teaching Architecture Design in Severe Cold Areas
Authors: Chen Lisheng
Published: September 2019

With a series of standard specifications for energy-saving design and construction issued by the governments, green building has become an important direction for the development of building technology in the future. The climate of the north-eastern part of China is severely cold, so a lot of energy is consumed there, so the energy saving of building is even more severe. The main purpose of this paper is to explore the energy-saving application of teaching buildings in the northeast region in terms of design methods and construction techniques, and carries out energy-saving application, high-efficiency, comfort and green design research from the perspective of building users to promote the sustainable development of the construction industry.
Measured analysis of ground settlement deformation of underground tunnel
Authors: Geng Dongyang , Vojtasik Karel
Published: September 2019

In the subway tunnel construction. Studying the disturbance effects of construction on the surface and underground pipelines requires not only pre-estimation through theoretical and experimental analysis. And more importantly, dynamic forecasting is required through information obtained from the site during the construction process. Dynamic forecasting is of great significance in engineering. Based on the monitoring and analysis of the construction site of the underground excavation section of Shijiazhuang Metro Line 1, this paper studies the settlement curves of surface settlement and underground pipelines. By analyzing a large number of measured data, the empirical parameters applicable to Shijiazhuang area are summarized..
Comprehensive Evaluation of Sustainable Development of Real Estate Industry Based on Information Entropy Weight Method
Authors: Zeng Fengqing , Yin Yuru , Shen Feiyan , Yin Xinmai , Yang Luorao
Published: September 2019

Under the conditions of market economy, the healthy development of the real estate market is of great significance to the normal operation of the real estate economy and the sustainable development of the real estate economy. Therefore, it is necessary to be able to accurately evaluate the development of the real estate industry and adopt appropriate macro-control measures in time. Taking Xiamen as an example, this paper adopts the way to combine objective information entropy weight method with subjective order relationship analysis method to determine the weight of group decision makers on program attributes and balance the importance of each index. According to the comprehensive attribute value of each scheme, the weight of decision makers is calculated by using entropy weight method for giving the evaluation result of the scheme. The results show that the overall situation of the development of real estate industry in Xiamen is more optimistic, and the weight of each index after the normalization of land transfer price is the highest. Based on the research conclusions, this paper proposes corresponding assessment commendations as a reference for relevant parties.
Influences of proppant on fracture making ability and fracture conductivity in coalbed methane
Authors: Sun Bin , Guo Zixi , Zhang Yi , Zhen Huaibin , Zhang Shuling , Zeng Qinggang
Published: September 2019

The fracture conductivity is one of the most important factors affecting coalbed methane production. The size of proppant, the number of proppant placement layers and the embedment all affect the permeability, thus affecting the fracture conductivity. However, exist research ignored the influence of fracture width. Therefore, according to the formula for calculating the fracture width of acid fracturing, the formula for calculating the fracture width is deduced. According to Carman-Kozeny formula, the fracture conductivity calculation models with and without embedment are respectively established. Through conducting the flow experiment on the coal core, the influence of the number of placement layers and embedment degree on the fracture conductivity is analyzed. The results show that the larger the particle size of proppant is, the more layers are laid, and the wider the fracture width is, thus the greater the fracture conductivity is. The smaller the embedment degree of proppant, the greater the fracture conductivity.
Research on public institutions carbon quota allocation scheme in Shenzhen
Authors: Xinyi Fang , Junping Ji
Published: September 2019

The problem of high energy consumption in public institutions has become increasingly prominent, and China has not implemented carbon trading mechanisms in the public institutions at present. This paper firstly analyzes the energy consumption of public institutions in Shenzhen, and then formulates the carbon quota allocation scheme for public institutions in Shenzhen. The historical method and baseline method are used to allocate carbon quotas to public institutions in Shenzhen, and the energy consumption data calculated by the two methods are compared with real energy consumption data. The results show that there are large differences among public institutions, it is difficult to find a suitable baseline, and the historical method is more suitable for the initial allocation of carbon emission quotas. Finally, the effectiveness of the carbon quota allocation scheme is evaluated, hoping to provide a reference for the establishment of a carbon emission trading system for public institutions in Shenzhen.
Analysis and optimization of frequency modulation strategy for hydropower units
Authors: Yan Bo , He Jun , Wan Junsong
Published: September 2019

Analysis the deficiencies of typical control strategies for AGC regulation and primary frequency regulation on conventional hydropower units. The logical relationship between primary frequency regulation and AGC is optimized. A new regulation method is proposed and applied in a hydropower plant. Practice shows that the method can avoid contradiction between AGC load adjustment and primary frequency modulation, and improve the frequency modulation performance of the unit. The optimization finally satisfy the requirements of power grid assessment.
Acoustics Tomography Simulation for Probing Oil Reservoir
Authors: Shen Yedi , Ma Zhongli
Published: September 2019

In oil exploration, the acoustic wave is usually generated by the hammer stroke method and then propagates to the interior of the formation. Finally, the information of oil reservoirs is obtained by inverting the reflected compressional waves. In order to make full use of the echoes, we use the reflected shear wave to inverse the compressional wave velocity and compare it with the actual measured compressional wave velocity to serve as a quicklook oil detection. COMSOL Multiphysics, based on the finite element analysis, is used to simulate the propagation process of ultrasonic waves in the physical model, which is different from the previous simulation methods. Moreover, it can provide data for other imaging algorithms quickly.
Influence of the Test Current on Dynamic Resistance Measurements of SF6 Circuit Breakers
Authors: Lu Yufeng , Su Yi , Liang Zhaoting , Lu Yifan
Published: September 2019

In order to study the influence of the test current on the dynamic resistance measurement of the SF6 circuit breaker with different erosion degrees, simulated erosion experiment was carried on 126 kV SF6 circuit breaker. The result shows, that the higher the test current is, the smaller the resistance of arcing contact when the circuit breaker is of any degree of erosion, but there is always no obvious link between the arcing contact travel and the test current. In addition, the dispersion of the test results decreases with the increase of the test current. However, when the erosion of the circuit breaker is very serious, the dispersion of results will be great regardless of the value of the test current. Therefore, considering the influence of test current on contact resistance, in order to obtain actualarcing contact resistance and to reduce the dispersion of test results considering the influence of test current on contact resistance, the larger dynamic resistance test current should be chosen as much as possible, and the dynamic resistance test must be carried on many times when contact erosion is extremely serious, so that the state of arcing contact can be obtained according to the distribution of test results.
Self-thermoregulating Ferromagnetic FeNi filled Carbon Nanotubes for Magnetic Hyperthermia Cancer Therapy
Authors: Cui Xiyou
Published: September 2019

The mechanism of magnetic hyperthermia is introduced in this article. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have been used in magnetic hyperthermia cancer therapy. But its drawback is uncontrollable excess heat generation to ablate noamal cells. Recently a new method using ferromagnetic Fe/Ni alloy have been studied. In this article, I will introduce my research in fabricating multiwall carbon nanotubes filled with Fe/Ni alloy. It is indicated that this nanostructure has the potential to become a guaranteed cancer treatment.
Hydration of Aromatic Nitrile Catalyzed by a Polyoxopalladate
Authors: Wang Tao , Liu Dan , Dong Jing
Published: September 2019

An open-shell polyoxopalladate(II), TBA-Na-SrPd12(pent)3 (TBA = [(n-C4H9)4N]+, pent = [C5H9O2]-), was used as catalyst in the hydration of aromatic nitrile for the first time, because such structure exhibits ligand exchange ability. TBA-Na-SrPd12(pent)3 has been proven to be active for a series of substrates and interestingly the yield (22% ∼ 98%) is significantly influenced by the steric hindrance of aromatic nitriles. Furthermore, this polyoxopalladate can promote the hydration of benzonitrile under solvent-free conditions giving the yield of 99%.
Study on the Application and Material Properties of Lime-soil Compaction Pile Modified by Steel slag
Authors: Zhang Xiaolei
Published: September 2019

Relying on the test section of composite foundation with rigid-flexible and longshort piles in Xingheng expressway first phase project, the lime-soil compaction pile modified by steel slag was proposed to strengthen lake-phase soft soil with material properties analysis of steel slag. The modified characteristics, capacity and water resistance capability of the lime-soil compaction pile modified by steel slag were researched by series of mechanical tests. The construction effect and bearing capacity of lime-soil compaction pile modified by steel slag were evaluated by the static load tests and heavy dynamic penetration tests, which will provide technical reference for the further application of lime-soil compaction pile modified by steel slag.
A Hydrocarbon Migration and Accumulation Characteristics of the Chang 9 Reservoir Group of the Yanchang Formation in Upper Triassic of Ordos Basin
Authors: Gao Pengpeng , Gao Shengli , Wen Fenggang , Gao Fengbo
Published: September 2019

Groups of reservoirs were found in the deep zones of Upper Triassic Yanchang formation and the feature of hydrocarbon source rocks, the characteristics of overpressure and genesis mechanism of abnormal overpressure was studied in this paper. The factors of accumulation in lower part of Yanchang formation are different,which could be divided into three types: controlling reservoir, paleo structure controlling reservoir and reservoir controlled by pressure & paleo structure. It is shown that the reservoir distributed in where hydrocarbon source developed, the delta-front and gravity-flow sediment are the main areas for the ultra-low-permeability reservoirs and the places of low-overpressure are the preferential places for hydrocarbon migration & accumulation.
Simulation of rainfall runoff based on flood season stage
Authors: qian Li , qinghua Xu , huanfei Yu , linlin Hu , hui Teng , yunfei Chi , bing Geng
Published: September 2019

The staging simulation model is based on the flood season staging, which considering the weather system genesis and rainstorm characteristics. Moreover, the physical mechanism of rainfall runoff can be comprehensively considered, and the physical meaning of the parameter can be better reflected in different stages. In this paper, the Tingxia basins in the humid and semi-humid areas are selected, which the flood season can be divided into in plum rains period and the typhoon period, then the staged simulation model is constructed by the staged rate. Some statistical indicators are introduced to evaluate the effectiveness of the staging rainfall-runoff model in improving simulation accuracy, the simulation results are ideal, and the accuracy is improved.
Study on Cold Tolerance of Different Rootstocks of Melon Seedlings
Authors: Wang Haixia , Xie Yongdong , Yang Luxi , Yan Wenyi , He Zhongqun
Published: September 2019

The higher compatibility rootstocks of melon were selected and the influence of different rootstocks on increasing the cold resistance of grafted melon seedlings was investigated. The influence of different rootstocks on chilling tolerance of grafted melon seedlings and its physiological mechanisms were studied, including chilling injury index, content of chlorophyll, MDA, and electrolytic leakage under the different temperature (13°C/8°C, 9°C/4°C, 25°C/15°C) conditions. At the same time, Pumpkin ‘Japanese Cedar F1’, ‘Japanese Developed Root Sprouts Wood’, ‘Alam’ was used as rootstock for melon ‘Haojie 6’ in this experiment, and the own-root seedling was used as control. The results showed that Pumpkin ‘Alam’ used as rootstock material could improve the survival rate of grafted seedlings and the chilling tolerance of melon seedlings significantly.
Study on the tolerance to heavy metal Pb and Pb accumulation of Sedum aizoon L.
Authors: Xie Yongdong , Yan Wenyi , Yang Luxi , Wang Haixia , He Zhongqun
Published: September 2019

In this study, using Sedum aizoon L. as experimental materials. Through hydroponic experiment, the effects of different concentration of pb2+ solution (0, 20, 60, 100, 140mg·L−1) on growth and Lead absorption of Sedum aizoon L. was studied. The change law of SOD, POD, and CAT activity influence on chlorophyll. By using atomic absorption spectrometer, the accumulation of Pb was determined. Results showed that with the increase of Pb2+ concentration, the growth of root was inhibited, but plant height was firstly increase and then decrease, the greatest change was 20 mg·L−1. Compared with the control, chlorophyll content increased with concentration of Pb2+ first drop after increased. The activity of SOD, POD and CAT enzyme was increased first and then decreased. The Pb content of root increased with the increase of Pb2+ concentration, but Pb content of stem and leaf increased after the first drop, and the content was the largest when the Pb concentration was100 mg·L−1. The accumulation of Pb in Sedum aizoon L. in vivo as root > > stem > leaf. Sedum aizoon L. for Pb tolerated, with concentration of Pb2+ on the transfer coefficient of Pb2+ size order for 60 >100 >20 > 140> 0(mg·L−1).
A Study on the Relationship between Residential Environment Space and Residents’ Health in Hefei
Authors: Xiaogan Yu , Zhipeng Wang , Bingbing Zhai
Published: September 2019

The quantitative relationship between residential environment and residents’ health has been studied by taking the residential districts in Hefei new district of government administration as the research target. Data and information related to residential environment and residents’ health were obtained through field investigation and questionnaire survey. The correlation of each factor was tested by single factor variance analysis, and the multiple regression model was used to analyse residential areas. The richness of plant species was negatively correlated with the health of residents, the appreciation of plants was positively correlated with the health of residents, and the air quality was negatively correlated with the health of residents. In the design of residential area, we should strengthen the appreciation of plants, avoid overuse of plant varieties, and pay attention to the role of plants in improving air quality.
Research on Architecture Construction of Information System of Soil Environment under the Perspective of Big Data
Authors: Gao Yan , Zhao Hongbo , Hao Ruoshi , Cao Zhiyong , Liu Mengran
Published: September 2019

It is the demand of national big data development strategy in information construction of soil to utilize history data and monitoring data validly to deal with soil pollution prevention and promote the level of information management of soil environment. The necessity and feasibility of the construction of soil environment information system are analysed firstly. Then, relative technology in the framework construction process is introduced, especially the realization path of multi-variate data fusion, storage and services. The construction of the framework could provide data monitor and control for realizing comprehensive application of soil environment information.
Energy Flexible Buildings - The impact of building design on energy flexibility
Authors: Weiß T
Published: September 2019

Thermal load management has substantial theoretical potential for energy flexibility. To use the inherent flexibility in buildings, for example, district heating companies could temporarily control the heating system of buildings to switch-off or preheat dwellings in the morning to avoid using peak load gas boilers. The »thermal flexibility« in this study indicates the tolerance of buildings towards the changes of its heating system operation according to an external signal. The focus of this investigation is to give an overview of »thermal flexibility« of residential buildings in Austria from 1920 – 2020 with different envelope qualities, construction types and heating systems. Existing residential buildings in Austria usually have a high thermal mass within their massive brick or concrete primary structure, and therefore their indoor thermal conditions react slowly to operative changes in the supply of thermal energy. Depending on the buildings ability to retain or store heat inside the building envelope, space heating can be used to offer energy flexibility. Among other factors, especially the quality of the thermal envelope, the thermal capacity of the building, the sluggishness of the heat delivery system and passive solar gains are crucial for keeping indoor thermal comfort. Dynamic building simulation in IDA ICE is used to evaluate the potential of selected building typologies to shift heating loads away from peak demand periods. Potentials of various building archetypes according to the EU-Tabula building database to time-shift the operation of the heating system are pointed out respecting occupants’ comfort.
Dynamic Benchmarking of Building Strategies for a Circular Economy
Authors: Eberhardt L , Birgisdottir H , Birkved M
Published: September 2019

Increasing building demands from a growing world population puts enormous pressure on natural resources. Management of resource consumption and environmental impacts is therefore vital to secure contemporary and future well-being and progress. Circular Economy (CE) is perceived as an industrial economy model potentially minimizing resource consumption, waste production and environmental impacts by the means of increased material circularity e.g. reuse. In order to promote CE in buildings, there is a need for benchmarks to support building designers in choosing environmentally viable solutions. Although life cycle assessment (LCA) help policy makers and building practitioners to define such benchmarks, benchmark studies often rely on static LCA approaches. Hence, uncertain and unknown dynamic changes during a buildings’ long service life influencing the performance of long term sustainable building design principles are not accounted for. Through a literature review the paper at hand identified dynamic technological progress such as resource and energy consumption, energy grid mix, waste management, design and innovation and production efficiency as potentially essential to include when defining realistic CE building strategy benchmarks. How these dynamic factors may affect LCA results were demonstrated through a case study of a concrete column based on a range of possible scenarios. This included estimated future projections and the uncertainty relating to prospective assessments resulting in an output in the form of a span of possible future developments and environmental impacts instead of a single output. Based on the literature review and case study, main challenges of incorporating dynamism within building LCA benchmarking were identified.
Inventory of the existing residential building stock for the purpose of environmental benchmarking
Authors: Verellen E , Allacker K
Published: September 2019

The current renovation rate in Belgium is less than 1% and should be increased to 2, 5% to reach the European targets to reduce the GHG emissions by 2050. There is a need to rapidly increase the renovation rate and at the same time guarantee that these renovations reduce the environmental impact on our planet. In order to define environmental benchmarks for existing buildings and their renovation targets, a better understanding of the existing building stock is needed. In this paper, the approach used to model the existing building stock is presented for the specific case of Leuven. The methodological steps, challenges and data gaps are presented in detail. The proposed building stock model uses GIS data in order to gain insights in the geospatial distribution of the impacts of the stock. These spatial maps moreover allow to clearly visualise the impacts which can improve communication and contribute to policy actions.
Impact of dynamic CO2 emission factors for the public electricity supply on the life-cycle assessment of energy efficient residential buildings
Authors: Müller A , Wörner P
Published: September 2019

Climate change and its effects are the reasons for the energy transition in Germany and lead to an increasing exploitation of renewable energy sources. At the same time, energy efficient buildings reduce the heat demand significantly and allow for the operation of electricity based heating systems. With the aid of dynamic CO2 emission factors, the life-cycle assessment (LCA) for buildings can be adapted to reflect the fluctuating nature of renewable energy sources and the dynamics of heating power demand during the use phase more precisely. A case study using dynamic building simulation and static as well as dynamic emission factors for the year 2017 shows deviations of 3.4 % in the building’s GHG emissions. Furthermore, two emission factors for 2030 and 2050, which reflect the national 80 % carbon dioxide reduction target, are developed and applied to the case study. For these emission factors, the overall building’s GHG emissions decline drastically, whereas the deviation between the LCA using static or dynamic emission factors increases significantly. It can be seen that the application of a more dynamic approach for LCA adds substantial value to the investigation. However, further investigation on a broader set of dynamic input parameters for the LCA of energy efficient buildings seems to be reasonable.