bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Engineering Local Graphitic Domains to Balance Defect Active Site and Electronic Conduction Ability in Coal‐Derived Carbon Anode for Superior Potassium Ions Storage
Authors: Jiang Jiangmin , Chen Ziyu , Chen Yaxin , Zhuang Quanchao , Ju Zhicheng , Zhang Xiaogang
Published: April 2024

Potassium‐ion hybrid capacitors (PIHCs) are regarded as one of the promising candidates for large‐scale energy storage technologies. Nevertheless, the lack of suitable anode materials combined with fast ion diffusion kinetics and favorable cycle stability restricts their application. Herein, a catalyst‐confined graphitization strategy is proposed to synthesize low‐cost coal‐based carbon anodes, which have controllable heteroatom co‐doping and rich defect sites, together with local graphitic domains. Density functional theory calculations and kinetic analysis are performed to uncover the coupling effect for heteroatom dual‐doping and defective structures. Importantly, the introduction of graphitic domains ensures good electric conductivity and charge transfer kinetics while preserving rich defects and active sites. The optimized NC‐950 exhibits superior potassium storage capacity, which delivers a high reversible specific capacity (363.3 mAh g−1), impressive rate capability (93.9 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1), and stable cycling performance. As a practical device application, the PIHCs (NC‐950//AC) are assembled using the NC‐950 anode and commercial activated carbon (AC) cathode, which exhibits the maximum energy density of 97.0 Wh kg−1 and excellent cycling stability (10 000 cycles). Significantly, this work unveils a new pathway to developing low‐cost and fast reaction kinetics carbon anode for advanced electrochemical supercapacitors.
Reversal Tuning of Liquid Metal Motor under Rotating Magnetic Field
Authors: Zhou Yingxin , Li Nan , Zhao Xi , Liu Jing
Published: April 2024

Liquid metal motors are unconventional transformable machines whose motion control is important for microfluidics, drug delivery, and small‐scale robots. Without an external field, aluminum‐fueled liquid metal motors can achieve autonomous propulsion, but the random direction limits their applications. Here, the study reports a fundamental discovery of directionally reversing such liquid metal motors through a rotating magnetic field tuning approach. Systematic experiments reveal that the motor overcomes irregular Brownian motion and the volume limitation of liquid metals in magnetic control. Depending on its volume, the motor exhibits three different responses: moving opposite to the rotating magnet for smaller volumes, spinning in place at medium sizes, and moving with the magnet for larger ones. This phenomenon is attributed to the interaction of electromagnetic remote inductions, electrochemical reactions, and fluid dynamics. Rapidly changing magnetic fields induce currents and Ampere's force in the motor, restricting the locations of chemical reactions. Surface tension gradient and bubble recoil dominate the motion of small motors opposite to the magnet. As practical illustrations, this magnetically controlled motor displays advantages in rapid fluid mixing. Overall, the present finding significantly improves the controllability of liquid metal motors and would generate profound impacts on developing future small soft robots.
Engineering Triple‐Phase Interfaces around the Anode toward Practical Alkali Metal–Air Batteries
Authors: Ge Bingcheng , Hu Liang , Yu Xiaoliang , Wang Lixu , Fernandez Carlos , Yang Nianjun , Liang Qinghua , Yang Quan‐Hong
Published: April 2024

Alkali metal–air batteries (AMABs) promise ultrahigh gravimetric energy densities, while the inherent poor cycle stability hinders their practical application. To address this challenge, most previous efforts are devoted to advancing the air cathodes with high electrocatalytic activity. Recent studies have underlined the solid–liquid–gas triple‐phase interface around the anode can play far more significant roles than previously acknowledged by the scientific community. Besides the bottlenecks of uncontrollable dendrite growth and gas evolution in conventional alkali metal batteries, the corrosive gases, intermediate oxygen species, and redox mediators in AMABs cause more severe anode corrosion and structural collapse, posing greater challenges to the stabilization of the anode triple‐phase interface. This work aims to provide a timely perspective on the anode interface engineering for durable AMABs. Taking the Li–air battery as a typical example, this critical review shows the latest developed anode stabilization strategies, including formulating electrolytes to build protective interphases, fabricating advanced anodes to improve their anti‐corrosion capability, and designing functional separator to shield the corrosive species. Finally, the remaining scientific and technical issues from the prospects of anode interface engineering are highlighted, particularly materials system engineering, for the practical use of AMABs.
Scalable Fabrication of Ionic‐Conductive Covalent Organic Framework Fibers for Capturing of Sustainable Osmotic Energy
Authors: Pan Wang‐Xiang , Chen Liang , Li Wan‐Ying , Ma Qun , Xiang Hengxue , Ma Ning , Wang Xu , Jiang Yi , Xia Fan , Zhu Meifang
Published: April 2024

High‐performance covalent organic framework (COF) fibers are demanded for an efficient capturing of blue osmotic power because of their excellent durability, simple integration, and large scalability. However, the scalable production of COF fibers is still very challenging due to the poor solubility and fragile structure of COFs. Herein, for the first time, it is reported that COF dispersions can be continuously processed into macroscopic, meter‐long, and pure COF fibers using a wet spinning approach. The two presented COF fibers can be directly used for capturing of osmotic energy, avoiding the production of composite materials that require other additives and face challenges such as phase separation and environmental issues induced by the additives. A COF fiber exhibits power densities of 70.2 and 185.3 W m−2 at 50‐fold and 500‐fold salt gradients, respectively. These values outperform those of most reported systems, which indicate the high potential of COF fibers for capturing of blue osmotic energy.
In Situ Polymerization Facilitating Practical High‐Safety Quasi‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Rui Xinyu , Hua Rui , Ren Dongsheng , Qiu Feng , Wu Yu , Qiu Yue , Mao Yuqiong , Guo Yi , Zhu Gaolong , Liu Xiang , Gao Yike , Zhao Chang , Feng Xuning , Lu Languang , Ouyang Minggao
Published: April 2024

Quasi‐solid‐state batteries (QSSBs) are gaining widespread attention as a promising solution to improve battery safety performance. However, the safety improvement and the underlying mechanisms of QSSBs remain elusive. Herein, a novel strategy combining high‐safety ethylene carbonate‐free liquid electrolyte and in situ polymerization technique is proposed to prepare practical QSSBs. The Ah‐level QSSBs with LiNi0.83Co0.11Mn0.06O2 cathode and graphite–silicon anode demonstrate significantly improved safety features without sacrificing electrochemical performance. As evidenced by accelerating rate calorimetry tests, the QSSBs exhibit increased self‐heating temperature and onset temperature (T2), and decreased temperature rise rate during thermal runaway (TR). The T2 has a maximum increase of 48.4 °C compared to the conventional liquid batteries. Moreover, the QSSBs do not undergo TR until 180 °C (even 200 °C) during the hot‐box tests, presenting significant improvement compared to the liquid batteries that run into TR at 130 °C. Systematic investigations show that the in situ formed polymer skeleton effectively mitigates the exothermic reactions between lithium salts and lithiated anode, retards the oxygen release from cathode, and inhibits crosstalk reactions between cathode and anode at elevated temperatures. The findings offer an innovative solution for practical high‐safety QSSBs and open up a new sight for building safer high‐energy‐density batteries.
Room‐Temperature Antisymmetric Magnetoresistance in van der Waals Ferromagnet Fe3GaTe2 Nanosheets
Authors: Hu Guojing , Guo Hui , Lv Senhao , Li Linxuan , Wang Yunhao , Han Yechao , Pan Lulu , Xie Yulan , Yu Weiqi , Zhu Ke , Qi Qi , Xian Guoyu , Zhu Shiyu , Shi Jinan , Bao Lihong , Lin Xiao , Zhou Wu , Yang Haitao , Gao Hong‐jun
Published: April 2024

Van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnetic materials have emerged as a promising platform for the development of 2D spintronic devices. However, studies to date are restricted to vdW ferromagnetic materials with low Curie temperature (Tc) and small magnetic anisotropy. Here, a chemical vapor transport method is developed to synthesize a high‐quality room‐temperature ferromagnet, Fe3GaTe2 (c‐Fe3GaTe2), which boasts a high Tc = 356 K and large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Due to the planar symmetry breaking, an unconventional room‐temperature antisymmetric magnetoresistance (MR) is first observed in c‐Fe3GaTe2 devices with step features, manifesting as three distinctive states of high, intermediate, and low resistance with the sweeping magnetic field. Moreover, the modulation of the antisymmetric MR is demonstrated by controlling the height of the surface steps. This work provides new routes to achieve magnetic random storage and logic devices by utilizing the room‐temperature thickness‐controlled antisymmetric MR and further design room‐temperature 2D spintronic devices based on the vdW ferromagnet c‐Fe3GaTe2.
Exploring Electrostatic Confinement Transport in MoS2/WSe2 Heterostructure via Triple‐Gated Point Contact Device
Authors: Phan Nhat Anh Nguyen , Uddin Inayat , Le Thi Hai Yen , Aoki Nobuyuki , Kim Hye Jung , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Kim Gil‐Ho
Published: April 2024

The exponential development in quantum phenomena is directly correlated with the decreasing size of nano‐semiconductor transistors. Consequently, the use of a quantum structure that deviates from traditional transistor types becomes imperative. Electrostatically defined nanoscale devices within 2D semiconductor heterostructures serve as foundational elements for diverse quantum electrical circuits. Van der Waals heterostructures, distinguished by atomically flat interfaces and inherent 2D characteristics, offer advantages such as large‐scale uniformity, flexibility, and portability over conventional bulk semiconductor heterostructures. Herein, the intricate electronic behavior of a MoS2/WSe2 encapsulated heterostructure governed by split‐gate and middle‐gate configurations is investigated, revealing a distinctive step‐like current profile at a low temperature of 77 K. The observed four regimes in the current highlight the impact of quantum confinement induced by reduced lateral dimensions, coupled with precise electrostatic confinement controlled by gate voltages. The temperature dependence of the phenomena emphasizes the role of thermal effects on carrier scattering mechanisms. In addition, the pinch‐off characteristics with different temperatures, middle‐gate voltages, and drain biases are explored. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of electrostatic effects in 2D transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures and holds promise for the development of advanced electronic devices with tailored confinement for enhanced functionalities.
Liquid Metal‐Coated Textile with P(AAm‐co‐AA) Ionogel Encapsulation to Mitigate Electromagnetic Radiation Pollution
Authors: Wang Yichao , He Mengjuan , Tang Jingli , Huang Liqian , Wang Xueli , Yu Jianyong
Published: April 2024

Conductive textiles with electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding functionality are highly desirable for growing flexibility requirements of EMI shielding devices. Most extant shielding coatings on textiles rely on rigid nanomaterials, which are susceptible to detachment, and generate a great deal of reflected EM waves. Thus, there is a high demand for shielding coatings on textiles that are stretchable, stable, and capable of suppressing the secondary reflection toward incident EM waves. Liquid metal is a particularly suitable candidate owing to its high electrical conductivity and excellent conformality. Herein, a straightforward coating strategy is developed for fast fabrication of Ion/Clay‐F that is reinforced with ionogel encapsulation. Especially, the method enables the direct transformation of fluid‐like liquid metal into a clay‐like state and the preparation of ionogel sealings from monomer solutions. The resulting Ion/Clay‐F exhibits promising features, including high total EMI shielding effectiveness (SET) (highest value of 49.3 dB for a single layer and an average value of 73.0 dB for three layers), low reflectivity (0.404), improved tensile strength (13.16 MPa) and tolerance in a wide range of temperatures (−18–100 °C). Remarkably, such Ion/Clay‐F outperforms pure cotton fabric in terms of thermal management, delivering superior heat dissipation and thermal insulation properties.
Exploring Conductive Filler‐Embedded Polymer Nanocomposite for Electrical Percolation via Electromagnetic Shielding‐Based Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Qureshi Nilam , Dhand Vivek , Subhani Shaik , Kumar Rajendran Senthil , Raghavan Nagarajan , Kim Sanghoon , Doh Jaehyeok
Published: April 2024

This review delves into the progress made in additive manufacturing through the incorporation of conductive fillers in nanocomposites. Emphasizing the critical role of percolation and conductivity, the study highlights advancements in material selection, particularly focusing on carbon nanotubes with low percolation thresholds. The practical applications of these nanocomposites in additive manufacturing polymer composites are explored, emphasizing the understanding of percolation thresholds. Furthermore, the present review paper investigates the potential of these materials as lightweight alternatives for electromagnetic interference shielding (EMI), particularly in key sectors such as automotive and aerospace industries. The integration of advanced materials, modeling techniques, and standardization is discussed as pivotal for successful implementation. Overall, the review underscores the significant strides in enhancing electrical properties and electromagnetic interference shielding capabilities through the strategic use of conductive filler nanocomposites in additive manufacturing.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Two‐fold Annulation Reaction of 2,6‐Dihalogenobiphenyls with o‐Chloroaromatic Carboxylic Acids to Access (Aza)dibenzo[fg,op]tetracenes
Authors: Zhu Ji‐Fa , Li Song , Long Xin‐Yuan , Shi Yingbo , Wang Bi‐Qin , Feng Chun , Ni Hai‐Liang , Xiang Shi‐Kai
Published: April 2024

A palladium‐catalyzed two‐fold annulation reaction of 2,6‐dihalogenobiphenyls with o‐chloroaromatic carboxylic acids has been developed. This method enables the synthesis of various dibenzo[fg,op]tetracenes and azadibenzo[fg,op]tetracenes. Preliminary investigations indicate that the resulting product, dimethyl 5,6,12,13‐tetrakis(hexyloxy)dibenzo[fg,op]tetracene‐2,9‐dicarboxylate, demonstrates favorable liquid‐crystalline properties.
The ARPKD Protein DZIP1L Regulates Ciliary Protein Entry by Modulating the Architecture and Function of Ciliary Transition Fibers
Authors: Chen Huicheng , Wu Zhimao , Yan Ziwei , Chen Chuan , Zhang Yingying , Wang Qiaoling , Gao Yuqing , Ling Kun , Hu Jinghua , Wei Qing
Published: April 2024

Serving as the cell's sensory antennae, primary cilia are linked to numerous human genetic diseases when they malfunction. DZIP1L, identified as one of the genetic causes of human autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), is an evolutionarily conserved ciliary basal body protein. Although it has been reported that DZIP1L is involved in the ciliary entry of PKD proteins, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, an uncharacterized role of DZIP1L is reported in modulating the architecture and function of transition fibers (TFs), striking ciliary base structures essential for selective cilia gating. Using C. elegans as a model, C01G5.7 (hereafter termed DZIP‐1) is identified as the sole homolog of DZIP1L, which specifically localizes to TFs. While DZIP‐1 or ANKR‐26 (the ortholog of ANKRD26) deficiency shows subtle impact on TFs, co‐depletion of DZIP‐1 and ANKR‐26 disrupts TF assembly and cilia gating for soluble and membrane proteins, including the ortholog of ADPKD protein polycystin‐2. Notably, the synergistic role for DZIP1L and ANKRD26 in the formation and function of TFs is highly conserved in mammalian cilia. Hence, the findings illuminate an evolutionarily conserved role of DZIP1L in TFs architecture and function, highlighting TFs as a vital part of the ciliary gate implicated in ciliopathies ARPKD.
Toward Reliable Synthesis of Superconducting Infinite Layer Nickelate Thin Films by Topochemical Reduction
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Llorente Araceli , Raji Aravind , Zhang Dongxin , Divay Laurent , Gloter Alexandre , Gallego Fernando , Galindo Christophe , Bibes Manuel , Iglesias Lucía
Published: April 2024

Infinite layer (IL) nickelates provide a new route beyond copper oxides to address outstanding questions in the field of unconventional superconductivity. However, their synthesis poses considerable challenges, largely hindering experimental research on this new class of oxide superconductors. That synthesis is achieved in a two‐step process that yields the most thermodynamically stable perovskite phase first, then the IL phase by topotactic reduction, the quality of the starting phase playing a crucial role. Here, a reliable synthesis of superconducting IL  nickelate films is reported after successive topochemical reductions of a parent perovskite phase with nearly optimal stoichiometry. Careful analysis of the transport properties of the incompletely reduced films reveals an improvement in the strange metal behavior of their normal state resistivity over subsequent topochemical reductions, offering insight into the reduction process.
Recent Progress on Copper‐Based Bimetallic Heterojunction Catalysts for CO2 Electrocatalysis: Unlocking the Mystery of Product Selectivity
Authors: Huang Jiabao , Zhang Xinping , Yang Jiao , Yu Jianmin , Chen Qingjun , Peng Lishan
Published: April 2024

Copper‐based bimetallic heterojunction catalysts facilitate the deep electrochemical reduction of CO2 (eCO2RR) to produce high‐value‐added organic compounds, which hold significant promise. Understanding the influence of copper interactions with other metals on the adsorption strength of various intermediates is crucial as it directly impacts the reaction selectivity. In this review, an overview of the formation mechanism of various catalytic products in eCO2RR is provided and highlight the uniqueness of copper‐based catalysts. By considering the different metals' adsorption tendencies toward various reaction intermediates, metals are classified, including copper, into four categories. The significance and advantages of constructing bimetallic heterojunction catalysts are then discussed and delve into the research findings and current development status of different types of copper‐based bimetallic heterojunction catalysts. Finally, insights are offered into the design strategies for future high‐performance electrocatalysts, aiming to contribute to the development of eCO2RR to multi‐carbon fuels with high selectivity.
Tailwater recovery systems can improve water quality: An area ripe for research in cranberry agriculture
Authors: Kennedy Casey D. , Omer Austin , Wiegman Adrian R. H. , Welsh Molly K. , Millar David , Buda Anthony R.
Published: April 2024

Tailwater recovery (TWR) systems, which divert phosphorus‐rich drainage water from cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) farms into reservoirs, have the potential to improve water quality of freshwater lakes in Massachusetts. However, residents and environmentalists have questioned the potential water quality benefits of TWR systems. In the southeastern United States, research shows that TWR systems decrease agricultural inputs of phosphorus (P) to surface water by 23%–92%. Additionally, a case study in Massachusetts demonstrated the efficacy of TWR and other best management practices in reducing P concentrations in White Island Pond. Although TWR systems appear effective as part of a P management strategy, more research is needed to quantify their environmental benefits and allay public concerns. We propose filling three critical research gaps to strengthen and broaden support for TWR systems in cranberry agriculture in Massachusetts: (1) quantifying physical properties, (2) quantifying water storage potential, and (3) quantifying P retention capacity.

Core Ideas

Excess phosphorus (P) from cranberry farms may contribute to the eutrophication of freshwater lakes.

Agricultural tailwater recovery (TWR) systems are increasingly used to conserve water and improve water quality.

Earth removal, critical to create TWR ponds and provide sand for cranberry farms, has drawn public opposition.

Research and case studies indicate TWR systems may decrease P inputs from cranberry farms to surface water.

Long‐term monitoring, research, and stakeholder engagement are needed to assess efficacy of cranberry TWR systems.
Boosting Efficient Ammonium Rejection and Water Evaporation Rate by Solar‐Driven Hydrogel Evaporation
Authors: Wang Yitong , Mu Xiaojiang , Zhou Jianhua , Song Lingjun , Li Xiangyang , He Fengmei , Wang Xiaoyang , Miao Lei
Published: April 2024

Solar‐driven evaporation using hydrogels and photothermal materials is a promising freshwater harvesting technology. However, due to the difficulty of removing volatile pollutants through evaporation and the fact that the evaporation efficiency has reached its limit, further improving efficiency becomes challenging. Therefore, a material simultaneously possessing low water evaporation enthalpy as well as the ability to inhibit volatile pollutants is desired. In this work, a dense inhibitory layer on the hydrogel framework of polyacrylamide introduced into polyvinyl alcohol is designed to enhance its suppression of volatile pollutants and regulate the water state. This not only reduces the energy demand for evaporation but also makes it more effective in treating wastewater containing volatile pollutant ammonia nitrogen. Finally, a high evaporation rate of 3.0 kg m−2 h−1 and an excellent ammonium rejection rate of 90% for high concentration ammonia wastewater are obtained under 1 kW m−2 illumination. This work opens up new avenues of application for the use of photothermal materials in the use of clean solar energy for the separation of freshwater and volatile small molecules.
Stock assessment and reproductive biology of bluespotted seabream Pagrus caeruleostictus (family: Sparidae)
Authors: Clottey Michelle Naa Kordei , Aggrey‐Fynn Joseph , Blay John , Kwasi Arizi Evans
Published: April 2024

Bluespotted seabream Pagrus caeruleostictus, a member of the family Sparidae, is one of the high‐priced seabream species in Ghana. Although the fish has been exploited in the Gulf of Guinea for over hundreds of years, there is scanty information on the state of the fish stock. Hence, we sought to investigate the exploitation status and aspects of the reproductive biology of the species by collecting monthly length and weight data for 18 months (February 2016 to July 2017). These data were fitted to growth and mortality models. The sexual maturity, fecundity and spawning seasons were also determined within the same period. The growth model of the fish revealed that the asymptotic length (L∞) and growth coefficient (K) values determined were 52.7 cm (total length) and 0.52 year−1, respectively. The mortality models also showed that the fishing mortality (F) of the fish was 2.20 year−1, whereas its natural mortality (M) was 0.83 year−1, with F/M > 0.5 indicating that the fish is over‐exploited. The lengths at first sexual maturity (Lm) of the males and females were 36.2 and 28.0 cm, respectively. Pagrus caeruleostictus, which was found to be highly fecund, had two spawning periods in a year, occurring in September and March, both with unimodal ova diameter frequency distributions. Based on these findings, we recommend that catch limits and other appropriate management measures (e.g. temporal and spatial closures) should be prescribed for the seabream fishery in the Gulf of Guinea to ensure the sustainability of the fishery.
Electron Donor‐Acceptor (EDA) Complex Enabled C−C Cross‐Coupling Reactions of α‐Amino Radicals
Authors: Barik Padmanava , Behera Subhra Sriharsa , Nanda Santosh Kumar
Published: April 2024

Electron‐donor acceptor (EDA) complex has been an integral part of visible‐light photocatalysis and is different from the traditional photoredox catalysis, which requires an exogenous photocatalyst, typically a colored compound to initiate the photocatalytic cycle. Interestingly, the EDA‐complex photochemistry has found profound use in activating the inert α‐C−H bonds of amines. The strategy relied upon the formation of colored EDA‐complex between the donor (amine) and acceptor (Lewis acid), which upon harvesting light energy perform a SET process to generate radical cation and anion intermediates. The radical cation then loses the activated acidic proton (because of the SET, the acidity of α‐proton increases by lowering the BDE) to form α‐amino radical, which then participates in various C−C coupling cascades. In this review, different conceptual approaches for the generation of α‐amino radicals and their coupling for the C−C bond‐forming reaction under EDA‐complex triggered photocatalysis will be discussed with particular emphasis on the reaction mechanism from 2018 onwards.
Ultrasound assessment of acute Achilles tendon rupture and measurement of the tendon gap
Authors: Fenech Michelle , Ajjikuttira Aiyapa , Edwards Heath
Published: April 2024

Achilles tendon rupture is a common sports‐related injury which can carry significant morbidity to patients. Ultrasound remains the workhorse of imaging as it can confirm and localise the extent of Achilles tendon injury. The sonographic anatomy, both normal and ruptured sonographic appearances, as well as sonographic technique must be appreciated to accurately image and report findings, critical to patient management. Particular attention should be applied to the measurement of the diastasis between acutely ruptured tendon ends as this information can assist with informing the decision of conservative vs. operative management. Further work is necessary to standardise the measurement technique including correlating the degree of plantarflexion of the foot with the sonographic tendon gap measures.
Enhancing the performance of poly(ethylene oxide) solid electrolytes through synergistic interaction of starch and butanedinitrile
Authors: Zhao Tuo , Yang Jingjing , Cai Lifan , Zhu Wanxin , Wu Xinming , Shao Le
Published: April 2024

Solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) is one of the key materials being researched as the core component of all‐solid‐state lithium batteries, which are safer and helpful for higher energy densities. Although there has been extensive research, unifying electrochemical performance with environmental requirements is the new requirement of SPE. Here, natural and harmless starch is used as a filler to modify PEO‐based SPE, which are prepared using a simple solution casting method. Characterizations show that the electrochemical and mechanical properties of SPEs are both significantly improved through the interaction among PEO, starch and SN. The tensile strength increases by about 50%. The ionic conductivity reaches to 4.8 × 10−5 S cm−1 at 30°C, with the Li+ transfer number is 0.2 at 80°C. The electrochemical window of PEO/LiClO4/starch/SN SPE is about 5 V. For the Li/PEO/LiClO4/starch/SN SPE/Li symmetric cell, it gives stable lithium plating/stripping at 80°C for over 900 h at a current density of 0.1 mA cm−2. These results provide a new idea for the green development of solid‐state electrolytes.
4D printing of dual‐responsive high‐performance shape memory polymer inspired by sunflowers
Authors: Shan Wubin , Liang Lei , Wu Linmei
Published: April 2024

A dual‐responsive shape memory polymer, inspired by the heliotropic behavior of sunflowers, holds promise for innovative research, amalgamating the distinctive traits of shape memory polymers with nature's sunflower dynamics. In this investigation, we crafted a heat and light dual‐responsive shape memory polymer through liquid crystal display 3D printing technology, employing a meticulously formulated resin composition. The resin comprised epoxy acrylate as an oligomer, hydroxyethyl methacrylate as a monomer, and phenylic(2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide as a photo initiator. To confer light responsiveness, graphene oxide particles were integrated into the polymer matrix, designed to selectively absorb light wavelengths and instigate the shape memory effect upon light exposure. The resultant shape memory polymer showcased exceptional mechanical robustness and manifested superior responsiveness to temperature and light stimuli. This light‐responsive shape memory polymer, drawing inspiration from sunflowers, presents numerous potential applications, such as transfer printing, as demonstrated.
Development of co‐electrospun membrane composed poly(l‐co‐d,l‐lactic acid) and natural rubber with potential application in dermal dressing
Authors: Pinto Marcelo Formigoni , V. Quevedo Bruna , Komatsu Daniel , de Moraes Stephen Christina , Duarte Marcia Adriana Tomaz , Duek Eliana Aparecida de Rezende
Published: April 2024

Wound healing represents a global challenge for the healthcare system, resulting in substantial costs and physical and emotional impacts on individuals. There is an increasing demand for innovative alternatives to treat this condition. The co‐electrospinning technique enables the production of porous membrane composed of natural and synthetic polymers, which exhibit unique functions and adjustable mechanical properties that assist in the tissue healing process. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the physical–chemical, mechanical, and biological properties of membrane composed of poly(l‐co‐d,l‐lactic acid) (PLDLA) co‐electrospun with different concentrations of natural rubber (NR) (1.5%, 2.0%, and 2.5%). Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed the porous surface of the membranes. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of NR in the material. The low Young's modulus obtained in the mechanical tensile test for the PLDLA membrane co‐electrospun with 1.5% NR indicated its elastic capacity under low tension. The results corroborate with the differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis, which highlights the compatibility between polymers at this specific proportion, as well as in vitro biocompatibility. The findings underscore the potential of PLDLA and NR co‐electrospun membranes as promising candidates for formulating biomaterials for applications such as dermal dressings.
Molecularly imprinted hydrazidine‐derived poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐divinylbenzene for enantio‐recognition of S‐fenoprofen
Authors: Alhawaiti Abeer A. , Almutairi Fahad M. , Elsayed Nadia H.
Published: April 2024

The drug fenoprofen (FN) is available in two forms, R‐ and S‐enantiomers, which need to be separated for optimal therapeutic use. A novel poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐divinylbenzene) (PNB)‐based polymer sorbent designed specifically for S‐fenoprofen (S‐FN) enantioseparation was synthesized. This process began with creating low cross‐linked PNB microparticles through suspension polymerization. Next, hydrazine was introduced to react with the prevalent nitrile groups. The produced cationic hydrazidine‐functionalized polymer particles (HYD‐P) were then combined with anionic S‐FN. The imprinting of S‐FN was achieved by further cross‐linking with glutaraldehyde, which interacted with the NH2 groups. Subsequent acidic elution released the S‐FN enantiomers, leaving behind their specific receptor‐like cavities in the imprinted polymer particles (S‐FN‐P). The properties of the resulting polymers were analyzed using Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR), 13C NMR, and x‐ray diffraction. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the surface structures of the sorbents. Under optimal conditions at pH 7, the sorbent showed an adsorption capacity of 240 mg/g for S‐FN. The chiral separation of the FN racemate achieved high enantiomeric excess (ee) levels, with 96% for R‐FN during loading and 94% for S‐FN during recovery.
Highly Stretchable Polyurethane Porous Membranes with Adjustable Morphology for Advanced Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Hussain Arshad , Mehmood Andleeb , Raza Waseem , Faheem Muhammad , Saleem Adil , Kashif Majeed Muhammad , Iqbal Rashid , Aziz Md. Abdul
Published: April 2024

A highly flexible, tunable morphology membrane with excellent thermal stability and ionic conductivity can endow lithium metal batteries with high power density and reduced dendrite growth. Herein, a porous Polyurethane (PU) membrane with an adjustable morphology was prepared by a simple nonsolvent–induced phase separation technique. The precise control of the final morphology of PU membranes can be achieved through appropriate selection of a nonsolvent, resulting a range of pore structures that vary from finger–like voids to sponge–like pores. The implementation of combinatorial DFT and experimental analysis has revealed that spongy PU porous membranes, especially PU−EtOH, show superior electrolyte wettability (472%), high porosity (75%), good mechanical flexibility, robust thermal dimensional stability (above 170 °C), and elevated ionic conductivity (1.38 mS cm−1) in comparison to the polypropylene (PP) separator. The use of PU−EtOH in Li//Li symmetric cell results in a prolonged lifespan of 800 h, surpasing the longevity of PU or PP cells. Moreover, when subjected to a high rate of 5 C, the LiFePO4/Li half‐cell with a PU−EtOH porous membrane displayed better cycling performance (115.4 mAh g−1) compared to the PP separator (104.4 mAh g−1). Finally, the prepared PU porous membrane exhibits significant potential for improving the efficiency and safety of LMBs.
‘What happens then?’: A 6‐month follow‐up on students accessing a university counselling service
Authors: Bani Marco , Zorzi Federico , Russo Selena , Ardenghi Stefano , Rampoldi Giulia , Strepparava Maria Grazia
Published: April 2024

Introduction

University psychological counselling services represent a frontline defence to detect, treat or refer students with a wide range of (clinical and non‐clinical) difficulties. Nevertheless, only few studies describe their impact on academic self‐efficacy and report follow‐up data. Evidence on students' actual access to further psychological support in times of hardship is also scant and most needed. This study aimed to fill these gaps, exploring the stability of improvement in clinical conditions in a wide sample of university students and reporting post‐intervention referrals to mental health services.

Methods

In a longitudinal study, 218 students who accessed a psychological counselling service at the University of Milano‐Bicocca between 2015 and 2019 completed an assessment at the beginning (T0), conclusion (T1) and 6 months after (T2) a brief cognitive behavioural intervention. The assessment included psychological symptoms, general distress, emotion dysregulation and academic self‐efficacy. Information about students' choices to continue a psychological intervention in other services was also collected and contrasted with the counsellor's indication.

Results

At follow‐up, the improvement in academic self‐efficacy remained stable, with more than 60% of the students maintaining a reliable clinical change, and nearly half of them reporting having accessed (or being willing to contact) a mental health service outside the university services.

Conclusion

These findings highlight the key role of counselling services in addressing students' distress and academic performances in the long term and in building bridges with mental health services outside the university system for students who need longer and specialised treatment.
Two New Phenylpropanoid Compounds from Lilium Brownii and Their Anti‐monoamine Oxidase Activity
Authors: Hui Chengcheng , He Shuaibo , Ji Mengshan , Zhang Yuhang , Wang Haibo , Wang Xiaowei , Guo Tao
Published: April 2024

Baihe is a commonly used Chinese medicine for the treatment of neurological disorders. Clinically, the bulbs of Lilium brownii are used to act as Baihe. In the study, two new phenylpropanoid compounds including 3‐O‐acetyl‐1‐O‐caffeoylglycerol (1) and 3‐O‐acetyl‐1‐O‐p‐coumaroylglycerol (2) were isolated from the bulbs of L. brownii. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic method and the effect on monoamine oxidase activity was determined using an enzyme labeling method. The results show 1 and 2 have anti‐monoamine oxidase activity with 20.96 % and 22.31 % inhibition rates at 50 μg/ml, respectively.
Click, Compute, Create: A Review of Web‐based Tools for Enzyme Engineering
Authors: Tripp Adrian , Braun Markus , Wieser Florian , Oberdorfer Gustav , Lechner Horst
Published: April 2024

Enzyme engineering, though pivotal across various biotechnological domains, is often plagued by its time‐consuming and labor‐intensive nature. This review aims to offer an overview of supportive in silico methodologies for this demanding endeavor. Starting from methods to predict protein structures, to classification of their activity and even the discovery of new enzymes we continue with describing tools used to increase thermostability and production yields of selected targets. Subsequently, we discuss computational methods to modulate both, the activity as well as selectivity of enzymes. Last, we present recent approaches based on cutting‐edge machine learning methods to redesign enzymes. With exception of the last chapter, there is a strong focus on methods easily accessible via web‐interfaces or simple Python‐scripts, therefore readily useable for a diverse and broad community.
Comparison of Classical and Green RPLC Methods in the Determination of pKa Values of Some Piperazine Group Antihistamines
Authors: Nane İkbal Demet , Çubuk Demiralay Ebru , Daldal Y. Doğan
Published: April 2024

In this study, protonation constant values and liquid chromatographic behaviors of hydrophobic cyclizine, chlorcyclizine, hydroxyzine, cinnarizine, cetirizine, meclizine, and buclizine in some water‐organic solvent binary mixtures were examined for the first time using classical and green reverse phase liquid chromatography methods. In the isocratic study, the relationship of the retention time and mobile phase pH in water‐organic solvent binary mixtures containing acetonitrile (45, 50, 55, 60, 65%, v/v), methanol (60, 65, 70, 75%, v/v) and ethanol (45, 50, 55, 56, 59, 60, 62, 65%, v/v) were determined at 37 °C. In the study, XBridge C18 and Gemini NX C18 columns suitable for the chemical properties of basic compounds were used. The obtained liquid chromatographic data were analyzed using the linear solvation energy relationship methodology and the SOLVER program. The aqueous protonation constant values of the investigated compounds were calculated using the linear relationship between the protonation constant data calculated in studied binary mixtures and some macroscopic constant values of the solvents used. The greenness of methods developed using three different solvents was evaluated with the Analytical Greenness Metric Approach, the Green Analytical Procedures Index, and the Green Solvent Selection Tool approaches.
Use of Unprecedented Intramolecular 1, 3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction in meso‐Nitrile Oxide‐Containing BODIPYs as a New Pathway for the Preparation of Fused NIR Platforms
Authors: Zatsikha Yuriy V. , Prasannan Dijo , Scharge Briana , Herbert David E. , Gerasimchuk Nikolay N. , Zeller Mattias , Nemykin Victor N.
Published: April 2024

Meso‐nitrile oxide group in 1,7‐Diphenyl‐containing BODIPYs can be involved in highly unusual [3+2] intramolecular cycloaddition reaction with the formation of the dihydrobenzo[d]isoxazole‐containing BODIPYs. Oxidation of these compounds results in the formation of unprecedented either benzisoxazole‐ or benzo[b]azepine‐fused fully conjugated NIR absorbing BODIPYs. The photophysical properties and electronic structures of the target compounds were studied by an array of experimental and theoretical methods.
Recent Development of Transition Metal Complexes as Chemotherapeutic Hypoxia Activated Prodrug (HAP)
Authors: Jagathesan K. , Roy Sovan
Published: April 2024

Hypoxia is a state characterized by low concentration of Oxygen. Hypoxic state is often found in the central region of solid tumors. Hypoxia is associated with abnormal neovascularization resulted in poor blood flow in tissues and increased proliferation of tumor cells, imbalance between O2 supply and O2 consumption in tumor cells, high concentration of proton and strong reducibility. And, these abnormalities enhance the survival potency of the hypoxic tumours and increase the resistance towards chemotherapy and radiotherapy. One of the approach for treating hypoxic region of tumour is to use reducing environment of hypoxic tumours for reducing a molecule (hypoxia activated prodrug, HAP) and as a result the active drug will be released in hypoxic region in a controlled manner from the prodrug and kill the hypoxic tumour. Co(III) and Pt(IV) complexes with monodentate active drug molecule in the axial position can be reduced to Co(II) and Pt(II) moieties and as a result, the axial ligands (active drug) could come out from the metal center and could show its anticancer activity. In this review we have highlighted the research articles where transition metal‐based complexes are used as chemotherapeutic hypoxia activated prodrug molecules which are reported in last 5 years.
Enhanced Performance of Fe/WO3 Terahertz Dielectric Lenses
Authors: Khanfar Hazem Kholoqi , Qasrawi Atef Fayez
Published: April 2024

Herein transparent iron nanosheets deposited by the ionic coating technique onto glass and WO3 dielectric lenses are studied and characterized. The thickness of Fe nanosheets is varied in the range of 70–350 nm. It is observed that the transmittance and reflectance of the Fe nanosheets are highly affected by the layer roughness. Coating of iron nanosheets onto WO3 dielectric lenses increases the light absorption of WO3 by more than 240 times and red‐shifts the energy bandgap. Remarkable enhancements in the dielectric constant and in the optical conductivity are achieved via Fe coatings. In addition, iron coated dielectric lenses show higher terahertz cutoff limits varying in the range of 1.0–30 THz. Iron nanosheets remarkably increase the free charge carrier density and plasmon frequency in the infrared range of light. Moreover, the temperature dependent electrical conductivity shows high temperature stability and an increased electrical conductivity by more than 7 orders of magnitude by coating WO3 with 70 nm thick Fe nanosheets. The stability of the electrical conductivity at low temperatures and the wide range of terahertz cutoff limits in addition to the well‐enhanced light absorbability makes the iron coated tungsten oxide dielectric lenses promising for multifunction optoelectronic applications.
Study of the Corrosion Behavior of Cathode Current Collector in LiFSI Electrolyte
Authors: Yuan Zijie , Wang Yongjing , Chen Yaqi , Zhu Xiaodong , Xiong Shizhao , Song Zhongxiao
Published: April 2024

Cycling aging is the one of the main reasons affecting the lifetime of lithium‐ion batteries and the contribution of aluminum current collector corrosion to the ageing is not fully recognized. In general, aluminum is corrosion resistant to electrolyte since a non‐permeable surface film of alumina is naturally formed. However, corrosion of aluminum current collector can still occur under certain conditions such as lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI)‐based electrolyte or high voltage. Herein, we investigates the corrosion of aluminum current collector in the electrolyte of 1.2 M LiFSI in ethylene carbonate (EC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) mixed solvents. The electrochemical results shows that the corrosion current of aluminum is enhanced by cycling time and potential, which is correlated with the surface species and morphology. The formation of AlF3, which is induced by deep penetration of F− anions through surface passivation film, leads to internal volume change and the surface crack in the end. Our work will be inspiring for future development of high‐energy‐density and high‐power‐density lithium‐ion batteries in which the LiFSI salt will be intensively used.
Boring systematics: A genome skimmed phylogeny of ctenostome bryozoans and their endolithic family Penetrantiidae with the description of one new species
Authors: Decker Sebastian H. , Saadi Ahmed J. , Baranyi Christian , Hirose Masato , Lemer Sarah , Sombke Andy , Aguilera Felipe , Vieira Leandro M. , Smith Abigail M. , Waeschenbach Andrea , Schwaha Thomas
Published: April 2024

Ctenostomes are a group of gymnolaemate bryozoans with an uncalcified chitinous body wall having few external, skeletal characters. Hence, species identification is challenging and their systematics remain poorly understood, even more so when they exhibit an endolithic (boring) lifestyle. Currently, there are four Recent families of endolithic bryozoans that live inside mineralized substrates like mollusk shells. In particular, Penetrantiidae Silén, 1946 has received considerable attention and its systematic affinity to either cheilostomes or ctenostomes has been debated. Species delimitation of penetrantiids remains difficult, owing to a high degree of colonial and zooidal plasticity. Consequently, an additional molecular approach is essential to unravel the systematics of penetrantiids, their phylogenetic placement and their species diversity. We therefore sequenced the mitochondrial (mt) genomes and two nuclear markers of 27 ctenostome species including nine penetrantiids. Our phylogeny supports the Penetrantiidae as a monophyletic group placed as sister taxon to the remaining ctenostomes alongside paludicellids, arachnidioids and terebriporids. The boring family Terebriporidae d'Orbigny, 1847 were previously considered to be among vesicularioids, but our results suggest an arachnidioid affinity instead. Ctenostome paraphyly is supported by our data, as the cheilostomes nest within them. A Multiporata clade is also well supported, including the former victorelloid genus Sundanella. Altogether, this study provides new insights into ctenostome systematics, assists with species delimitation and contributes to our understanding of the bryozoan tree of life.
MicroRNAs targeting TGF‐β signaling exacerbate central nervous system autoimmunity by disrupting regulatory T cell development and function
Authors: Rau Christina N. , Severin Mary E. , Lee Priscilla W. , Deffenbaugh Joshua L. , Liu Yue , Murphy Shawn P. , Petersen‐Cherubini Cora L. , Lovett‐Racke Amy E.
Published: April 2024

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) signaling is essential for a balanced immune response by mediating the development and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and suppressing autoreactive T cells. Disruption of this balance can result in autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) targeting TGF‐β signaling have been shown to be upregulated in naïve CD4 T cells in MS patients, resulting in a limited in vitro generation of human Tregs. Utilizing the murine model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, we show that perinatal administration of miRNAs, which target the TGF‐β signaling pathway, enhanced susceptibility to central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity. Neonatal mice administered with these miRNAs further exhibited reduced Treg frequencies with a loss in T cell receptor repertoire diversity following the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in adulthood. Exacerbated CNS autoimmunity as a result of miRNA overexpression in CD4 T cells was accompanied by enhanced Th1 and Th17 cell frequencies. These findings demonstrate that increased levels of TGF‐β‐associated miRNAs impede the development of a diverse Treg population, leading to enhanced effector cell activity, and contributing to an increased susceptibility to CNS autoimmunity. Thus, TGF‐β‐targeting miRNAs could be a risk factor for MS, and recovering optimal TGF‐β signaling may restore immune homeostasis in MS patients.