bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevention of surgical fires in facial plastic surgery
Authors: Alani Harith , Southwell-Keely James , Moisidis Elias , Haddad Roger , Clarke Frederick , Kernohan Michael
Published: September 2019

Introduction: The objective of this review is to draw attention to the risk factors, causes and prevention of surgical fires in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery performed under local anaesthesia and sedation using a review of the literature.Method: Comprehensive search terms were developed, and PubMed and MEDLINE® searches were performed, including articles published in the last 25 years (1993–2018). Reference review was also undertaken. Eligible manuscripts described surgical fires involving patients undergoing surgical procedures under local anaesthesia in the head and neck region.Results: Risk factors forming the three arms of the fire triangle are detailed. High oxygen concentration in proximity to the surgical field where electrocautery is being used is the most common combination leading to surgical fire accidents. Conclusion: Summary recommendations for the prevention of surgical fires are presented. Preventing the development of an oxidiser-enriched environment is the main risk-reducing measure. Identifying high-risk cases and improving communication between the surgical, anaesthetic and nursing staff who control the arms of the fire triangle are very important measures in avoiding theses catastrophic events.
Reporting quality of systematic review abstracts in articles hand and wrist pathology: a review
Authors: Shen Amanda Yang , Ware Robert S , O'Donohoe Tom J , Wasiak Jason
Published: September 2019

Background: An increasing number of systematic reviews are published on an annual basis. Although perusal of the full text of articles is preferable, abstracts are sometimes relied upon to guide clinical decisions. Despite this, the abstracts of systematic reviews have historically been poorly reported. We evaluated the reporting quality of systematic review abstracts within hand and wrist pathology literature. Methods: We searched MEDLINE®, EMBASE and Cochrane Library from inception to December 2017 for systematic reviews in hand and wrist pathology using the 12-item PRISMA-A checklist to assess abstract reporting quality. Results: A total of 114 abstracts were included. Most related to fracture (38%) or arthritis (17%) management. Forty-seven systematic reviews (41%) included meta-analysis. Mean PRISMA-A score was 3.6/12 with Cochrane reviews having the highest mean score and hand-specific journals having the lowest. Abstracts longer than 300 words (mean difference [MD]: 1.43, 95% CI [0.74, 2.13]; p <0.001) and systematic reviews with meta-analysis (MD: 0.64, 95% CI [0.05, 1.22]; p = 0.034) were associated with higher scores. Unstructured abstracts were associated with lower scores (MD: –0.65, 95% CI [–1.28, –0.02]; p = 0.044). A limitation of this study is the possible exclusion of relevant studies that were not published in the English language. Conclusion: Abstracts of systematic reviews pertaining to hand and wrist pathology have been suboptimally reported as assessed by the PRISMA-A checklist. Improvements in reporting quality could be achieved by endorsement of PRISMA-A guidelines by authors and journals, and reducing constraints on abstract length.
A keystone solution for major head and neck reconstructions
Authors: Behan Felix
Published: September 2019

This feature lists a range of cases, demonstrated by supplementary video discussion, that explain the refinements of the keystone perforator island flap (KPIF) technique applied to specific sites of the head and neck, with a focus on the elderly.
When the P A C E acronym is applied (pain-free, aesthetic outcome, minimal complications, economical) the KPIF technique is a respectable alternative to microvascular surgery, particularly in the elderly, with minimal returns to theatre for vascular impedance problems which are not infrequent in microvascular reconstructions.
Pemanfaatan Isolat Selulosa Ampas Tebu sebagai Chelating Agent (CAT) Zat Pewarna pada Jajanan Anak Sekolahan (JAS)
Authors: Abdullah Romario , Bilondatu Karmila , Tulie Wina Zulfiana , Kunusa Wiwin Rewini
Published: September 2019

This study aims to detect synthetic dyes in JAS (School Children Snacks) using a chelating

agent (CAT) from bagasse waste. Instrumentation used in the analysis was spectronic 20D.

Sugarcane pulp cellulose products as CAT adsorbent rhodamine B coloring agent, metanil

yellow and tartrazine in JAS were applied to 10 types of soft drink samples circulating in the

market in Gorontalo City. The method used is the adsorption method. The adsorption capacity

produced by cellulose with 75% content and α-cellulose content was 37.8% for sample 1 (56%)

sample 2 (12%), sample 3 (83%), sample 4 (54%), sample 5 (45%) , sample 6 (54%), sample 7

(51%), sample 8 (27%), sample 9 (69%) and sample 10 (25%). The adsorption capacity

produced by cellulose was 88.4% and α-cellulose content was 45.2% for sample 1 (56%)

sample 2 (12%), sample 3 (83%), sample 4 (54%), sample 5 (45%) , sample 6 (54%), sample 7

(51%), sample 8 (27%), sample 9 (69%) and sample 10 (25%).
QSAR Study of Indolylisoxazoline Analogues for Their Antiprostat Activity
Authors: Kilo Jafar La , Kilo Akram La
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

Quantitative Structure-Activity relationship study of 13 Indolylisoxazoline analogues as antiprostat agent using multiple linear regression (MLR) has been done. Geometri optimization of Indolylisoxazoline analogues using molecular mechanics (MM+) method. The best QSAR model from regression analysis is log IC50 Pred = 30,877 - 71,847 x qC10 + 165,070 x qC11 + 70,106 x qC13 with most influents descriptor to antiprostat activity are qC10, qC11 dan qC13.
RELAÇÃO CONSUMO E CIDADANIA NAS VIVÊNCIAS DE LAZER NAS CIDADES: EM BUSCA DE UMA MAIOR DEMOCRATIZAÇÃO
Authors: Veloso Lopes Versiani Isabela , De Andrade Matos-Sobrinho José , Pereira Silva e Nascimento Geusiani , Karoline Araújo Lopes Tacyana
Published: September 2019

Em um mundo dominado pelas relações capitalistas de trabalho e consumo, falar em lazer, sobretudo nas cidades, expõe contradições de toda ordem, especialmente quando se enfatiza sua dimensão crítica e emancipatória. Na busca por compreender melhor esse quadro, o presente ensaio tem por objetivo refletir sobre a relação entre o consumo e a idéia de cidadania, relacionando-a ao campo do lazer. Com influência de correntes de pensamento que analisam essa mútua correspondência nas democracias contemporâneas, analisa-se a tênue relação sobre o impacto do consumo e sua influência sob o sentimento de cidadania e a inclusão na política, exemplificada através de questões referentes ao lazer nas cidades. Nesse contexto, o lazer é compreendido como um fenômeno moderno, que estabelece relações diretas com o modo de produção capitalista inserido na sociedade de consumo. Mas, ao mesmo tempo, o lazer também é um direito social, que pode ser analisado em estrita relação com a dimensão humana e como instrumento de transformação social. Conclui-se que o grande impacto do consumo, também no campo do lazer, resulta na urgente necessidade de superação de sua condição hegemônica apenas como mercadoria e submetido à lógica econômica para que possibilite seu desenvolvimento social e político enquanto dimensão da cidadania.
Pensar espacialmente la diócesis de Buenos Aires (siglo XVII - principios del XIX)
Authors: Barral María Elena
Published: September 2019

La investigación acerca de la Iglesia rioplatense ha sido estimulada por otros campos historiográficos, como los estudios agrarios, la historia de la justicia, la historia misional o de los espacios fronterizos, entre otros. Un sondeo acerca de estas interacciones muestra que si, por un lado, permitieron complejizar sus abordajes, por el otro, desatendieron, con frecuencia, la articulación de los espacios locales con las jurisdicciones más amplias. Este descuido no es exclusivo de los trabajos más recientes y la mayoría de “las historias de la Iglesia” han referido a la diócesis de manera muy laxa e insuficiente. Este artículo privilegia el estudio de los dispositivos religiosos en la construcción del obispado de Buenos Aires y propone una cartografía que ayude a restituir los perfiles históricos del territorio diocesano.
ГдебылпохороненВитусБеринг?
Authors: Okhotina-Lind N
Published: September 2019

В 1991 году на острове Беринга археологи раскопали шесть могил. Одна, могила 6, была идентифицирована как могила капитанаКоммандера Витуса Беринга, скончавшегося 8 декабря 1741 года. Остальные пять могил считались принадлежащими членам экипажа Второй Камчатской экспедиции. Эти отождествления никогда не проверялись и не оспаривались, тем не менее реконструированные лицевые характеристики черепа в могиле 6 в целом были признаны представляющими череп Витуса Беринга и в настоящее время широко известны из многочисленных бюстов. В статье рассматриваются и анализируются все известные письменные источники, касающиеся гибели и захоронений членов экипажа экспедиции, а также антропологические данные, опубликованные археологами. В результате доказывается, что ни утверждение о том, что в одной могиле находились кости Витуса Беринга, ни идентификация остальных пяти не выдерживают критики. Кроме того, антропологические данные полностью опровергают утверждение археологов о том, что это был некрополь Второй Камчатской экспедиции . Соответственно, портрет, созданный на основе черепа в могиле 6, никак нельзя отождествить с Витусом Берингом. Следовательно, место захоронения исследователя до сих пор неизвестно.

In 1991 on Bering Island archeologists excavated six graves. One, grave 6, was identified as the grave of CaptainCommander Vitus Bering, who died December 8, 1741. The remaining five graves were considered to belong to crewmen of the Second Kamchatka expedition. These identifications have never been verified nor contested, nonetheless the reconstructed facial characteristics of the skull in grave 6 has generally been acknowledged as representing those of Vitus Bering and are now widely known from numerous busts. In the article all known written sources, pertaining to the deaths and burials of crew members of the Expedition, are considered and analyzed, as are the anthropological data published by the archaeologists. As a result, it is demonstrated that neither the claim that one grave contained the bones of Vitus Bering nor the identifications of the remaining five stands up to criticism. Furthermore, the anthropological data entirely disproves the archaeologists claim that this was the necropolis of the Second Kamchatka expedition . Accordingly, the portrait created on the basis of the skull in grave 6 cannot possibly be identified with Vitus Bering. Hence the burial place of the explorer is still unknown.
NUTRITION AS A RISK FACTOR FOR OCCURRENCE OF OCCUPATIONAL MORBIDITY IN METALLURGICAL WORKERS AND PREVENTION MEASURES
Authors: Efremov V.M. , Danilova Yu.V. , Turchaninov D.V. , Zanina M.Ya.
Published: September 2019

We considered nutrition factor (nutrition structure, food safety in conjunction with working conditions and the actual nutrition of metallurgical workers – PJSC «Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works») and its place in the structure development of occupational morbidity of metallurgical workers. The irrational nature of workers’ nutrition has been established with a predominant intake of saturated fats, sodium chloride, inadequate intake of a number of vitamins (A, D, folic acid) and bioelements (calcium). Hygienic recommendations on the correction of the nutritional structure depending on the identified deviations and its prevention measures are substantiated.
PROVISION OF HEALTH-SAVING NUTRITION OF
PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN IN ORGANIZED GROUPS OF THE SVERDLOVSK REGION
Authors: Pryanichnikova N.I. , Dubenko S.E. , Mazhaeva T.V.
Published: September 2019

The paper discusses the organized nutrition of preschool children living in adverse environmental conditions, from the point of view of the actual provision of their physiological need for food and biologically active substances to save health. Various methods were used in the work to assess nutrition, health, as well as the vitamin and mineral supply of the body by a non- invasive method using the VITASTIQ-2 device. According to the results of the study difficulties were identified in providing children with a diverse healthy diet already at the stage of children’s nutrition. Also we revealed an imbalance in the food set, which leads to an increased content of sodium and simple carbohydrates, to an insufficient amount of essential amino acids and vitamin B1. The integral index of usefulness of the chemical composition for a daily diet is calculated by the author’s method. It is noted that due to the food that is not eaten by children in preschool educational institutions, they have an imbalance in the intake of biologically active substances, which reduces the protective and adaptive reserves of the child to adverse environmental factors. In order to correct diets, group and individual recommendations were proposed, as well as recommendations at the level of education departments and municipal administrations.
EXPERIENCE OF OCCUPATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT CONNECTED WITH EFFECT OF THE COOLING MICROCLIMATE IN THE СONDITIONS OF MODERNIZATION OF THE METALLURGICAL ENTERPRISE
Authors: Bazarova E.L. , Fedoruk A.A. , Roslaya N.A. , Osherov I.S. , Babenkо A.G.
Published: September 2019

The paper presents results of occupational risk assessment connected with effect of the cooling microclimate at workers of a range of professions of modernised sites of metallurgical manufacture. Occupational risk depending on working conditions is categorized from negligible to high one. Impact of reduced air temperature authentically raised risk of development pathologies of respiratory organs, systems of blood circulation, digestion, a skin, visual and acoustical analyzers, musculoskeletal, urogenital and blood disorder pathology.
Agro-morphological and molecular characterization of traditional scented Radhatilak rice of lower Gangetic plains of West Bengal
Authors: Roy Koushik , Ghosh Mrityunjay , Das B , Paul A , De DK , Ghose TK
Published: September 2019

Radhatilak, an indigenous tall-indica type scented rice, is presently cultivated in small pockets in 3-4 districts within lower gangetic plains of West Bengal, India. With a view to register as a farmers' variety, its agro-morphological characterization was done at 'C' Block Farm, B.C.K.V., Kalyani, West Bengal during kharif (wet) season of 2012, 2013 and 2014 following DUS test guidelines of Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Authority (PPV&FRA). The variety has late heading (115-120 days) and late maturity (140-150 days), which produces long-statured plants (130-140 cm height) with no anthocyanin colouration on leaf blade and sheath, nodes and internodes. The colour of lemma and palea is golden-yellow with red or reddish-purple spot at tip at maturity, while sterile lemma is red in colour. The awnless grains are short in length (6.3 mm) with very low test weight (10.95 g). The white- coloured kernels are short-bold in shape with low amylose (18.6%), medium gelatinization temperature (alkali value 3.3) and medium-strong aroma. Twenty three SSR markers were used for DNA amplification profiling of Radhatilak rice against non-aromatic international check variety IR 36. The study could identify two markers (RM 339 and RM 341) which can clearly distinguish Radhatilak and IR 36 (182.39 vs. 143.09 bp and 135.39 vs. 174.97 bp, respectively).
Genetic analysis of yield and quality traits through generation mean analysis in rice
Authors: Sreelakshmi Ch , Ramesh Babu P
Published: September 2019

The present investigation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) was undertaken to study the magnitude of gene action in two cross combinations for eleven yield and twelve quality traits deploying generation mean analysis following six parameter model for parents (P1 and P2), F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 generations during three crop seasons. The results of the scaling tests revealed that the additive-dominance model was inadequate for all of the characters evaluated in both the crosses suggested the existence of epistasis in the inheritance of these characters. Mean values of both the crosses revealed significant for most of the traits except effective bearing tillers per plant, SCMR, harvest index, kernel length and kernel L/B ratio in the cross BPT 5204 x IR 64. Major contribution of duplicate epistasis was revealed by the two crosses, for most of the characters. Few traits revealed complementary epistasis in both the crosses. The present study demonstrates the importance of additive, dominance and epistatic gene effects for the inheritance of almost all the yield as well as quality characters studied.
Effect of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on secondary and micronutrient content in rice at various growth periods
Authors: Rao Puli Mohana , Prasad PRK , Ravindra Babu P , Narasimha Rao KL , Subbaiah G
Published: September 2019

A field experiment was conducted on fine texture soils to find out the effect of different sources of nutrients on secondary (Ca and Mg) and micro nutrient (Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn) content in rice at various growth periods. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design in kharif season with four treatments and replicated five times. The treatments consisted of M1 (RDF - Control), M2 (10 t FYM ha-1 + RDF), M3 (1.5 t vermicompost ha-1 + RDF), M4 (Green manuring + RDF). The nutrient content in rice at various growth periods was significantly increased with the application of 100 % NPK in combination with FYM @ 10 t ha-1. However, it was on par with that of green manuring together with 100 % NPK during both the years of the study.
Response of rice genotypes under different zinc fertilization strategy
Authors: Ramani VP , Kumar Dileep , Shukla AK , Patel RA
Published: September 2019

Soil zinc (Zn) deficiency limits crop growth and yield besides its low concentration in grain and straw. Growing of Zn efficient cultivars with high crop yield at low Zn supply would represent a sustainable approach to crop production. Therefore, to evaluate Zn efficiency of rice genotypes, twenty eight different rice genotypes were evaluated under various treatments like three levels of Zn viz. low (without Zn), medium (10 kg Zn ha-1 soil) and high (20 kg Zn ha-1 soil + three foliar sprays of 0.5% Zn). Zinc efficiency index of all genotypes ranged from 65.5 to 102.6 % and Zn uptake efficiency ranged from 53.8 to 107 % with a mean value of 87.1 and 76.5 %. Cultivar GR-101 was having the highest Zn efficiency index as well as Zn efficiency compared to other genotype. Based on grain yield and Zn efficiency, the genotypes Ashoka-20, Narmad, GR-12, GR-3, GR-1 and GR-2 were classified as efficient and responsive, genotypes GR- 11, SLR -51214. GAUR-10 and GR-13 as efficient and non responsive, whereas, genotypes GR-101, GR-104, GR-102 and Lalkad as inefficient and responsive. The Gurjari, AAUDR-1, K-Kamod, GR-9, GR-5, P-2003 SK-20 and GR-7 genotype were classified as inefficient and non responsive. The efficient and responsive genotypes are most desirable as they would produce higher yield under low Zn concentration in soil and responded well under external application of Zn sources.
Pelatihan Media Pembelajaran dengan Ms. Office Power Point bagi Guru SMA IT Plus BAZMA Brilliant Dumai
Authors: Alimudin Erna , Yuliati Tri , Nugraha Nur Budi
Published: September 2019

Teachers are currently required to use learning media, in accordance with government regulations. Learning media are used for teaching materials for student learning. Learning evaluation can consist of questions or quizzes using multiple choice quiz. Evaluation of student learning by using learning media is one of the things which teachers of IT PLUS BAZMA Briliant High School. Therefore, STT Dumai held community service for IT PLUS BAZMA Brilliant High School Teachers, namely, Training to Make Multiple Choice Test Using Ms. Office Power Point for IT Plus Bazma Brilliant High School Teachers on Wednesday, January 30, 2018. Training provided for three materials, namely techniques and things to consider in making Power Point, the use of features in Power Point, and make a quiz with Power Point. The training was attended by 19 teachers and held for approximately 2 hours. The training begins with the implementing material ending with practice. The material given by sequence is in accordance with the desired goals, namely making learning material and also student learning.
Ciencias de la implementación: de la evidencia a la práctica
Authors: Suárez-Obando Fernando , Gómez-Restrepo Carlos , Castro Sergio
Published: September 2019

La amplia gama de evidencias científicas que respaldan diversas intervenciones clínicas no son suficientes para que dichas intervenciones se utilicen en la práctica. De tal modo que la Medicina Basada en la Evidencia debe dar el paso hacia la Practica Basada en la Evidencia, a través de procesos de implementación que permitan desplegar y contextualizar intervenciones en salud respaldadas por la evidencia. Para tal fin se ha desarrollado la Ciencia de la implementación, la cual investiga los factores que influencian el uso efectivo y completo de las innovaciones científicas en la práctica, intentando maximizar los beneficios de las intervenciones en salud. Esta ciencia se define como el estudio de los métodos que promueven la incorporación sistemática de hallazgos de investigación en la rutina clínica, con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad y efectividad de los servicios e intervenciones en salud. El propósito de este artículo es introducir el concepto de Ciencia de la Implementación en relación con la epidemiología clínica y establecer las razones por las cuales existe una imperiosa necesidad de su desarrollo. Además, tiene el propósito de explicar el porqué de la necesidad de acelerar la aplicación efectiva de la Medicina Basada en Evidencia y definir los principales modelos que precisan el ámbito de trabajo de esta ciencia, incluyendo: las particularidades de los estudios de implementación, sus diferencias con los estudios clásicos de la epidemiología clínica, los modelos de implementación y evaluación, así como la definición de los desenlaces esperados en un estudio de implementación.
Factores asociados al abandono de terapia antirretroviral de alta efectividad en pacientes con VIH SIDA en un hospital de tercer nivel
Authors: Vergara Vela Erika Paola , Granada Ana Maria , Vanegas Claudia Rocio , Forero Elizabeth , Silva Claudia
Published: September 2019

Introducción: la baja adherencia en el tratamiento antirretroviral de alta efectividad TARGA se

asocia a peores desenlaces en salud; además de las comorbilidades infecciosas, muchos pacientes con

VIH/SIDA presentan asociado psicopatología, farmacodependencia y problemas socioeconómicos.

Existe alta frecuencia de abandono a la terapia en nuestro medio.

Objetivo: identificar las variables asociadas al abandono de terapia TARGA en pacientes con

VIH de un hospital de tercer nivel en Colombia.

Métodos y resultados estudio descriptivo corte transversal: se incluyeron 51 pacientes pertenecientes

al programa durante un año; 12 pacientes (23%) tuvieron adherencia al tratamiento, 32

(62%) tenían antecedente de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y 33 (64%) tenían asociada alguna

patología psiquiátrica. Los factores que se asociaron a la no adherencia fueron la psicopatología y

la pobre red de apoyo.

Conclusión: En la población a estudio se documenta alta tasa de abandono a la terapia TARGA,

probablemente asociado a enfermedad mental y pobre red social.
FORMATION OF POPULATION MORBIDITY WITH SALMONELLOSIS CAUSED BY SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS IN REGIONS WITH INCOMPLETE SUPPLY OF LOCAL POULTRY PRODUCTS
Authors: Shubin F. N. , Rakov A. V. , Kuznetsova N. A. , Yakubich T. V. , Snetkova I. P.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Study plasmid characteristics of S. enteritidis strains in patients and features of epidemiology of the infection in regions with incomplete supply of population with local poultry production. Materials and methods. Plasmid analysis of microbe strains isolated from 382 patients and 8 samples of products was carried out, and significance of plasmid types in population morbidity was evaluated. Identification of salmonella was carried out by conventional methods, plasmid specter - by Kado C.I. and Liu S.T. (1981) method. Results. 98.4% of strains contained virulence plasmid p38, and 80.1% of strains also had small plasmids. Sakhalin strains were divided into 16 plasmid types (D=0.794), and strains from Jewish AO - 10 (D=0.834). Uniformity of strains in patients during infection outbreaks and in transmission factors was detected. Conclusion. Features of salmonellosis in the studied subjects of Russian Federation are determined by higher risk of import of products containing salmonella. Monitoring based on plasmid analysis is an effective base for epidemiologic control.
FEATURES OF MICROBIOCENOSIS OF NOSE MUCOUS MEMBRANE DURING ATOPIC AND POLYPOUS RHINOSINUSITIS
Authors: Kolenchukova O. A. , Smirnova S. V. , Lazareva A. M.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Study of microbiocenosis of nose mucous membrane during allergic rhinosinusitis. Materials and methods. Patients with polypous (PRS) and atopic (ARS) rhinosinusitis were examined, as well as a control group. Standard general clinical methods taking differential diagnostics of atopic diseases and rhinitis into consideration were used for the PRS and ARS diagnosis. Results. Microbial content during different forms of rhinosinusitis has varying directionality that is determined by different pathogenetic mechanisms. ARS microflora has a significantly extended range and was characterized by an increase of concentration of opportunistic microorganisms not characteristic for normoflora. Microbial composition for PRS was significantly depleted by a lack of certain permanent members of microflora, whereas the quantity of opportunistic bacteria was significantly above normal. Conclusion. Disturbance of microbiocenosis in patients with allergic rhinosinusitis was detected, more pronounced in the PRS group. Staphylococcus strains isolated from patients with ARS and PRS possess pathogenic properties in equal ratios, wherein the percentage of strains in ARS group that have persistence properties is higher than in other studied groups. This could give evidence regarding their role in development of inflammatory process on the nose mucous membrane.
COMPLEX IMMUNOGLOBULIN PREPARATION FOR THERAPY OF PERTUSSIS IN YOUNG CHILDREN
Authors: Novikova L. I. , Petrova M. S. , Aleshkin V. A. , Skirda T. A. , Volkov A. V. , Matveevskaya N. S. , Bochkareva S. S. , Sinchugova T. V. , Panurina R. L. , Zueva M. M. , Naumova M. A. , Voronova I. S. , Bunin S. V. , Borisova O. Yu. , Pimenova A. S.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Study the possibility of inclusion of complex immunoglobulin preparation (CIP) possessing specific activity against pertussis exotoxins into complex therapy of pertussis infection in young children. Materials and methods. 2 groups of children with pertussis younger than 3 years were examined. The main group (50 individuals) received CIP per os - 1 dose 1 - 2 times per day for 5 days, comparison group (34 children) received only basic therapy. Evaluation of clinical effectiveness of CIP was carried out, the content of anti-pertussis class G antibodies and total IgE in patients were studied. Results. A good clinical effectiveness of the preparation was shown, as well as immune modulating activity against humoral immune response to pertussis infection. Conclusion. The detected positive effect of CIP on pertussis course in children has indicated a principally novel use of this per oral drug form.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CONDITION OF FULL-TERM NEWBORNS FROM THE GROUP OF HIGH PERINATAL RISK DURING VACCINATION PERIOD IN THE MATERNITY HOSPITAL
Authors: Bashmakova N. V. , Litvinova A. M. , Kuznetsova O. A.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Evaluation of the volume of immune prophylaxis work at the stage of administering aid to newborns at the early neonatal period. Materials and methods. Case-control type cohort retrospective study was carried out, 160 medical reports of deliveries and histories of development of illness of newborns during the period of March-October 2014 were analyzed. Statistical treatment of data was carried out using Statistica 7.0 package. Results. Principal nosologic units in pregnant women and their newborn children, volumes of primary vaccination (against viral hepatitis B, tuberculosis) in maternity hospitals in children with perinatal pathology and healthy newborns, reasons for medical counterindications were determined. Conclusion. The process of vaccination in perinatal center has its own features: a high amount of medical counterindications and thus a low coverage of primary vaccination of newborns, not exceeding 40%. Each child requires individual approach, the question of sequence and calendar of vaccination is solved taking into consideration the health condition. Healthy newborns are vaccinated according to the national vaccination calendar except those children whose parents reject vaccination.
REVIEW OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC SITUATION ON HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME (HERS) IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN 1990-2015
Authors: Ivanova A. V. , Popov N. V. , Kuklev E. V. , Adamov A. K. , Scherbakova S. A.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Analyze HFRS morbidity in Russian Federation during the last 25 years (1990 - 2015). Materials and methods. Official statistics of Federal Service for Surveillance or. Consumers' Rights Protection and Human Weillbeing (CPS), including Federal Centre o: Hygiene and Epidemiology, were used for the analysis, as well as materials from regiona departments of CPS and centers of hygiene and epidemiology. Epidemiologic analysis wa: the main method. Statistical treatment of the results obtained was carried out using generally accepted methods of variation statistics with elements of system analysis. Results. For the studied period (1990 - 2015) 194 116 cases of HFRS were registered. Morbidity was registered in 8 federal districts of the Russian Federation in 58 subjects. The most intense epidemiologic situation was noted in Privolzhsky Federal District, that accounted for 86.4% of toti HFRS morbidity during the studied period. Analysis of morbidity was carried out in eve' federal district, most epidemically unfavorable territories are shown. Conclusion. The dau rresented on HFRS morbidity reflect unfavorable situation for this disease in Russian . deration. Measures to prevent the emergence of diseases to reduce the general level of morbidity in Russian Federation are presented.
SUBSPECIES DIFFERENTIATION OF YERSINIA PESTIS STRAINS BY PCR WITH HYBRIDIZATION-FLUORESCENT DETECTION
Authors: Nikiforov K. A. , Oglodin E. G. , Kukleva L. M. , Eroshenko G. A. , Germanchuk V. G. , Devdanani Z. L. , Kutyrev V. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Develop a method of differentiation of Y.pestis strains of different subspecies based on PCR with hybridization-fluorescent detection in real-time. Materials and methods. DNA target search for differentiation of subspecies of plague causative agent was carried out by Mauve 2.3.1, Mega 5.0 and BLAST algorithm based on comparison offull-genome sequences of Y.pestis strains. Primers and TaqMan probes were calculated for the DNA targets found, conditions of PCR with hybridization-fluorescent detection - optimized. Results. DNA targets carrying marker mutations for the caucasus, altai, gissar, ulegei subspecies, strains from Talass alpine plague reservoir were detected. The effectiveness of the DNA targets found and the developed approach of subspecies differentiation is confirmed on 101 Y.pestis strains of different subspecies, isolated from natural foci of Russia, near and far abroad. Conclusion. The developed approach based on PCR with real-time detection allows for a rapid and effective differentiation of Y.pestis strains of various subspecies.
EFFECT OF EXTRACHROMOSOMAL ELEMENTS OF HEREDITY ON TOXIC PROPERTIES OF YERSINIA PESTIS
Authors: Demidova G. V. , Sokolova E. P. , Zyuzina V. P. , Rykova V. A. , Morozova I. V. , Podladchikova O. N. , Tynyanova V. I.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Elucidation of the role of extrachromosomal elements of heredity in manifestations of toxic properties of Yersinia pestis. Materials and methods. The study was carried out in vaccine strain Y. pestis EV76 (pMTl, pCDl, pPCPl) and non-plasmid variants of vaccine EV76 (pMTl\ pCDl', pPCPl') and virulent 231 (рМТГ, pCDl’, pPCPl') strains of Y. pestis. Presence of functionally active form of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the incubation medium of the bacteria was evaluated via toxicity of supernatant of Y. pestis for intact animals (infection-toxic shock) and mice sensitized by D-GalN. Results. 37°C cultures of Y. pestis EV76 containing a full amount of plasmids were established to release LPS into the environment. Non-plasmid variants of both vaccine and virulent strains of Y. pestis pMTl', pCD Г, рРСР 1 do not have this ability. Separation of LPS from cell wall was detected in live bacteria of plague infectious agent. This process is assumed to be coupled with translocation of proteins coded by pMTl, pCDl, pPCPl plasmids from the cell into the environment. Conclusion. Functional interconnection between extrachromosomal elements of heredity and toxic activity of Y. pestis LPS is established for the first time.
INCLUSION OF SITE-SPECIFIC MUTATIONS INTO CONSERVATIVE SEGMENTS OF РА-GENE RESULTS IN ATTENUATION OF VIRULENT INFLUENZA VIRUS STRAIN A/WSN/33
Authors: Rtischev A. A. , Mintaev R. R. , Kost V. Yu. , Koptyaeva I. B. , Akopova I. I. , Lisovskaya K. V. , Markushin S. G.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Study the possibility of obtaining attenuated variants of influenza virus by including specially selected site-specific mutations into a conservative sequence of PA-gene (terminal segment of COOH-domain of the PA-gene) of a virulent strain. Materials and methods. А/ WSN/33 - a virulent strain of influenza virus was used in the study. I nclusion of site-specific mutations into PA-gene of the A/WSN/33 virulent strain was carried out using a two-step mutation PCR. Cloning was carried out using GoldenGate reaction. 8-plasmid transfection system based on pHW2000 vector was used. Transformation was carried out in rubidium competent bacterial cells of DH5a strain. Transfection was done using Lipofectamine LTX (Invitrogen) reagent in a 293T and MDCK cells’ co-culture. Results. Transfectants with F658A substitution in the COOH-domain of the PA-gene were shown to acquire ts-phenotype and sharply reduce the ability to reproduce in mice lungs. Introduction of F658A substitution into COOH-domain of the PA-gene in combination with introduction of ts-mutations from ca influenza virus strains into the genome of the virulent strain resulted in obtaining transfectants that have phenotypic characteristics typical for live influenza vaccine candidates. Conclusion. The ability to obtain attenuated variants of influenza viruses by introducing specially selected site-specific mutations into conservative sequence of the PA-gene is shown.
PREVALENCE OF GENETIC MARKERS OF RESISTANCE TO ANTIBIOTICS IN BIOFILM-FORMING STRAINS OF OBLIGATE AND ELECTIVE ANAEROBES
Authors: Tsarev V. N. , Ippolitov E. V. , Nikolaeva E. N.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Comparative study of frequency of detection of genetic markers of resistance to antibiotics forming in anaerobic bacteria under the conditions of mixed biofilms in a clinical setting and comparison of data of phenotypic and genotypic methods of study. Materials and methods. 66 strains of bacteria forming biofilm with PCR detection of antibiotics were studied: Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus salivarius, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and anaerobic pathogens - Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Parvinonas micra, Prevotella intermedia. Modelling of microbial biofilms in vitro and scanning electron microscopy were carried out. Results. The studied strains of resident and pathogenic microbiota were established to have genes that code resistance to P-lactam antibiotics, carbapenems, macrolides, tetracyclines. Genetic markers of resistance to p-lactam antibiotics (STX-M и МЕСА - cepha-losporines), including carbapenems (VIM and NDM, but not Oxa-48), glycopeptides (VanA and VanB), macrolides (ERM), tetracycline (Tet) and QNRB plasmids (fluoroquinolones) were detected in strains by PCR. Conclusion. The most frequently used preparations in dental practice - metronidazole and lincomycin (for the last 20 - 30 years) have shown the highest number of resistant strains - 52.3 and 22.7%, respectively. The frequency of detection of genetic markers of resistance to other studied preparations did not exceed 2.5 - 11.4%. Minimal quantity of resistant strains of anaerobic bacteria was detected for carbapenems and fluoroquinolones.
DEFINITION OF THE OPTIMUM MODES OF OPERATION OF AIR-MONITORING.INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF PATHOGENIC BIOLOGICAL AGENTS IN MODEL EXPERIMENTS
Authors: Efremenko D. V. , Kuznetsova L. V. , Ostapovich V. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. To experimentally define the optimum modes of operation ofthe nonspecific detector IBAC integrated with Cl00 sampler and BioCapture sampler in model experiments during' the work in various environmental conditions and at dispersion of the biological aerosol. Materials and methods. The nonspecific detector IBAC with the C100 sampler and the BioCapture sampler were used for air-monitoring test on existence of pathogenic biological agents (PBA). For preparation of the bioaerosols the strain of Salmonella typhimurium 9640 and a bull seralbumin were used. Results. It is experimentally established that programming of IBAC on turning on the bioalarm system when maintaining concentration of bioaerosol in air above threshold level during 10 sec. is optimum. Its sensitivity makes 1 xlO3 m.c./ml of aerosol at this mode. The possibility of operation of air-monitoring instrumentation in various environmental conditions inside and outside is shown. Conclusion. As a result of the experiment the effectiveness of usage of the nonspecific detector IBAC with the Cl 00 sampler and BioCapture sampler for air-monitoring on existence of PBA is proved. IBAC with C100 can be used as an inventory of the station of air-monitoring during the public events, and BioCapture is suitable for equipment of the groups of epidemiological investigation.
PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF USING THE EFFECT OF SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN SCATTERING IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF VIRAL INFECTIONS
Authors: Borisova O. V. , Fayzuloev E. B. , Marova A. A. , Kukushkin V. I. , Zverev V. V.
Published: September 2019

This review presents the latest advances in the use of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) immunoassay, which can be used to detect viral markers. As in the case of conventional immunoassays, these methods are often based on «sandwich-type» solid phase immunoassay. In recent years the necessary components of the immunochemical methods with SERS detection is SERS-active substrates to create a variety of approaches have been developed. Despite the difficulty of achieving high sensitivity and specificity in the analysis of clinical samples, a number of successful examples with promising results have been demonstrated.
LIGANDS FOR SELECTIVE REMOVAL OF LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES FROM GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA
Authors: Kopitsyna M. N. , Morozov A. S. , Bessonov I. V. , Pisarev V. M. , Lobakova E. S. , Bukharin O. V.
Published: September 2019

Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are highly toxic molecules released during the lysis of bacterial cells. They play important role in the pathogenesis of sepsis, and can contaminate pharmaceuticals, so removing them from aqueous solutions and biological fluids is an extremely important task. Structure of LPS and its toxicity for various animals are presented in this review. Various low- and high-molecular ligands, suitable for efficient binding and removal LPS from solutions are studied and demonstrated. The main attention is paid to the relationship between the chemical structure of the ligand and its ability to form strong complexes with LPS and the principles of creating selective ligands for the depyrogenation of pharmaceutical substances and the creation of hemoperfusion columns for the sepsis therapy.
SUPRESSION OF BIOFILMS OF OPPORTUNISTIC BACTERIA IN URINARY CATHETERS
Authors: Rybalchenko O. V. , Erman M. V. , Orlova O. G. , Pervunina T. M. , Kapustina V. V. , Pariyskaya E. N.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Study regularities of development of bacterial biofilms in opportunistic bacteria in urinary catheters, as well as a possibility of their suppression by an officinal preparation of plant origin - Kanefron and nitrofuran class preparation - Furamag. Materials and methods. Escherichia coli Ml7 and Staphylococcus aureus 193 cultures were cultivated as biofilms on an inner surface of Foley latex catheter. Effect of Kanefron and Furamag on the ability of these strain to form biofilms was evaluated, as well as suppression of already developed biofilm of E. coli M17 and S. aureus 193 on urine catheters. Determination of bactericidal effect of preparations during incubation of microorganisms on the surface of urine caterers was carried out by Koch method. Morphologic and i ultrastructure changes in bacterial cells and biofilms were studied by transmission and scanning j electron microscopy. Results. A pronounced bactericidal effect of Kanefron and Furamag on the formed bacterial biofilms was detected. Inhibiting effect on growth and development of biofilms of the strains was noted. Destructive changes in cells and biofilms during the effect of the studied preparations are shown on electron microscopy level. Conclusion. The detected bactericidal effect of officinal preparation of plant origin - Kanefron and nitrofuran class preparation - Furamag on opportunistic bacteria on Foley urine catheters allows not only to suppress biofilm formation process of E. coli M17 и S. aureus 193 compared with classic antiseptic methods, but also effectively destroy already formed biofilms that must prevent development of catheter-associated infections and result in enhancement of recuperation of patients with diseases of the urinary tract.
RECOMBINANT ANTIGENS OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA: EFFECT ON IMMUNE RESPONSE IN MICE
Authors: Mikhaylova N. A. , Kalinichenko E. O. , Soldatenkova A. V. , Akhmatova N. K.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Study the effect of recombinant antigens of P. aeruginosa on key effectors of the immune system. Materials and methods. Mice were immunized intraperiotoneally with 25 jig of OprF and 50 jig of anatoxin sorbed on aluminium hydroxide gel with a 2 week interval. 7 days after the last immunization spleen lymphocyte subpopulation structure was evaluated by flow cytometry. Cytokine levels in mice sera were studied after a single immunization with recombinant OprF and anatoxin at 4, 8, 24 hours and 14 days by flow cytometry using FlowCytomix Mouse Thl/Th2 10 plex. Results. OprF recombinant antigens and anatoxin affect molecular-cell mechanisms of immune response resulting in alteration of expression of differentiating and activating molecules as well as synthesis of Thl/Th2/Thl7/Th21/Th22 cytokines in mice that are necessary for effective presentation of the antigen. Conclusion. Complex of recombinant OprF and anatoxin facilitated formation of complete immune response against pseudomonas.
HORIZONTAL TRANSMISSION OF PAROTITIS VACCINE STRAIN FROM VACCINATED TO CLOSE CONTACTS
Authors: Otrashevskaya E. V. , Kulak M. V. , Bukin E. K. , Gorbunov M. A. , Ignatyev G. M.
Published: September 2019

Aim. A controlled study was carried out regarding horizontal transmission of the vaccine strain of parotitic virus (PV). Materials and methods. 20 couples took part in the study. Monitoring of both spouses was carried out for 42 days after a single vaccination of one of them, levels of specific IgM and IgG in sera and virus-neutralizing IgG in sera and saliva were studied in dynamics, PV RNA was also determined in sera and saliva samples. Amplified fragments of F, SH, NP and HN genes of PV were sequenced. Results. Transfer of PV vaccine strain was registered in all the couples except for one. Except a single contact spouse, all the rest demonstrated formation of a specific immune response. At month 4 of the observation, group of vaccinated spouses differed significantly from a group of contact spouses only by total content of specific IgG and their avidity. Conclusion. Horizontal transmission of PV strain was demonstrated in couples after vaccination of one of the spouses and resulted in formation of specific immunity in 95% of contact individuals.
FREQUENCY OF DETECTION OF ANTIBODIES TO HEPATITIS C VIRUS AMONG CONVENTIONALLY HEALTHY POPULATION OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Soboleva N. V. , Karlsen A. A. , Kozhanova T. V. , Kichatova V. S. , Klushkina V. V. , Isaeva O. V. , Ignatyeva M. E. , Romanenko VV. .. , Oorzhak N. D. , Malinnikova E. Yu. , Kyuregyan K. K. , Mikhaylov M. I.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Determine the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) among conditionally healthy population of Russian Federation. Materials and methods. Sera samples obtained from conditionally healthy population of the Russian Federation from 5 geographically distant regions with different levels of morbidity for hepatitis C were studied: Sverdlovsk, Rostov, Moscow regions, Tyva and Sakha (Yakutia) Republics. 4764 samples were studied in total obtained from individuals of 10 age groups: younger than 1, 1 - 4, 5 - 9, 10 - 14,15 - 19, 20 - 29, 30 - 39, 40 - 49,50 - 59, olderthan 60 years. Anti-HCV were determined by commercial ELISA. Results. The total prevalence of anti-HCV in 5 regions of Russian Federation was 2.6% (126/4764). The highest frequency of detection of anti-HCV was detected in Tyva and Yakutia Republics and was 3.3%, in other regions this parameter varied from 1,7 (Moscow region) to 3% in Sverdlovsk region. Peak parameters of anti-HCV detection among population in various regions were connected with various age groups: olderthan 60 years in Tyva and Yakutia Republics (11 and 9.9%, respectively), 40 - 49 in Moscow region (6.2%), 1 - 4 and 30 - 39 years in Sverdlovsk region (5.9 and 4.9%, respectively) and 20 - 39 in Rostov region (3.9%). Conclusion. Results of anti-HCV detection in various age cohorts of conditionally healthy population of Russian Federation give evidence regarding high morbidity with HCV of almost all the age groups in the interval from 20 to older than 60 years. Age cohorts were detected in each of the studied regions for which inclusion into regional screening programs is feasible.
LICENSED ANTHRAX VACCINES AND EXPERIMENTAL PREPARATIONS AT THE STAGE OF CLINICAL TRIALS
Authors: Mikshis N. I. , Popova P. Yu. , Semakova A. P. , Kutyrev V. V.
Published: September 2019

High pathogenicity of anthrax agent combined with unique insensitivity of its spore forms to environmental stresses class it among extremely dangerous biological agents. Registered and effectively used anthrax vaccines made invaluable contribution to the improvement of epidemiological situation around the world. Nevertheless, neglect of non-specific prophylaxis may result in dramatic scenarios and require large-scale measures on rectification of the consequences. Efforts on the development of next-generation vaccines are aimed at safety build-up, decrease in frequency of administration, and enhancement of manufacturing technologies. The review contains the key information on licensed anthrax vaccines designed for medical use, both in the territory of the Russian Federation and abroad. Among multiple experimental developments emphasized have been preparations manufactured by various biopharmaceutical companies in compliance with GMP standards, at different phases of clinical trials in 2016.