bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thr55 phosphorylation of p21 by MPK38/MELK ameliorates defects in glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism in diet-induced obese mice
Authors: Seong Hyun-A. , Ha Hyunjung
Published: May 2019

Murine protein serine-threonine kinase 38 (MPK38)/maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK), an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-related kinase, has previously been shown to interact with p53 and to stimulate downstream signaling. p21, a downstream target of p53, is also known to be involved in adipocyte and obesity metabolism. However, little is known about the mechanism by which p21 mediates obesity-associated metabolic adaptation. Here, we identify MPK38 as an interacting partner of p21. p21 and MPK38 interacted through the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) binding region of p21 and the C-terminal domain of MPK38. MPK38 potentiated p21-mediated apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in a kinase-dependent manner by inhibiting assembly of CDK2-cyclin E and CDK4-cyclin D complexes via induction of CDK2-p21 and CDK4-p21 complex formation and reductions in complex formation between p21 and its negative regulator mouse double minute 2 (MDM2), leading to p21 stabilization. MPK38 phosphorylated p21 at Thr55, stimulating its nuclear translocation, which resulted in greater association of p21 with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), preventing the PPARγ transactivation required for adipogenesis. Furthermore, restoration of p21 expression by adenoviral delivery in diet-induced obese mice ameliorated obesity-induced metabolic abnormalities in a MPK38 phosphorylation-dependent manner. These results suggest that MPK38 functions as a positive regulator of p21, regulating apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and metabolism during obesity.
A data set of inland lake catchment boundaries for the Qiangtang Plateau
Authors: Yan Denghua , Li Meng , Bi Wuxia , Weng Baisha , Qin Tianling , Wang Jianwei , Do Pierre
Published: May 2019

A catchment is the basic unit for studying hydrologic cycle processes and associated climate change impacts. Accurate catchment delineation is essential in the field of hydrology, environment, and meteorology. Traditionally, catchment delineation is most easily carried out where the outflow area can be easily determined because of a well-defined outlet. The obstacle of the current study is to determine accurately the catchment boundary of lakes that are internally draining and, therefore, lack a well-defined outflow (i.e. inland lakes). This study describes a catchment delineation method which demarcated all the catchments of the lakes in the Qiangtang Plateau, especially for the inland lakes and their closed catchments. Lake catchment boundaries determined for the Qiangtang Plateau provide a significant advancement for water resource and climate change evaluation and agriculture production in the area.
A tumor targeting oncolytic adenovirus can improve therapeutic outcomes in chemotherapy resistant metastatic human breast carcinoma
Authors: Sakhawat Ali , Ma Ling , Muhammad Tahir , Khan Aamir Ali , Chen Xuechai , Huang Yinghui
Published: May 2019

Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy in women, which remains untreatable once metastatic. The treatment of advanced breast cancer is restricted due to chemotherapy resistance. We previously investigated anti-cancer potential of a tumor selective oncolytic adenovirus along with cisplatin in three lung cancer cells; A549, H292, and H661, and found it very efficient. To our surprise, this virotherapy showed remarkable cytotoxicity to chemo-resistant cancer cells. Here, we extended our investigation by using two breast cancer cells and their resistant sublines to further validate CRAd’s anti-resistance properties. Results of in vitro and in vivo analyses recapitulated the similar anti-tumor potential of CRAd. Based on the molecular analysis through qPCR and western blotting, we suggest upregulation of coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) as a selective vulnerability of chemotherapy-resistant tumors. CAR knockdown and overexpression experiments established its important involvement in the success of CRAd-induced tumor inhibition. Additionally, through transwell migration assay we demonstrate that CRAd might have anti-metastatic properties. Mechanistic analysis show that CRAd pre-treatment could reverse epithelial to mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells, which needs further verification. These insights may prove to be a timely opportunity for the application of CRAd in recurrent drug-resistant cancers.
An ultrasensitive and simple assay for the Hepatitis C virus using a reduced graphene oxide-assisted hybridization chain reaction
Authors: Fan Jialong , Yuan Liqun , Liu Qingxin , Tong Chunyi , Wang Wenmiao , Xiao Feng , Liu Bin , Liu Xuanming
Published: May 2019

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease, which affects 2–3% of the world population.
Plasmon-enhanced two-photon excitation fluorescence of rhodamine 6G and an Eu-diketonate complex by a picosecond diode laser
Authors: Rabor Janice B. , Kawamura Koki , Kurawaki Junichi , Niidome Yasuro
Published: May 2019

A low-power picosecond diode laser was used for two-photon excitation fluorescence enhancement by plasmonic materials.
Development of methionine methylation profiling and relative quantification in human breast cancer cells based on metabolic stable isotope labeling
Authors: Liao Han , Zang Qingce , Lv Qinglin , Gao Yang , Zhao Zitong , He Jiuming , Zhang Ruiping , Song Yongmei , Chen Yanhua , Abliz Zeper
Published: May 2019

An efficient methodology for methionine methylation metabolic profiling and relative quantification in breast cancer cells by 13CD3-methionine metabolic labeling.
Frontiers in electrochemical sensors for neurotransmitter detection: towards measuring neurotransmitters as chemical diagnostics for brain disorders
Authors: Ou Yangguang , Buchanan Anna Marie , Witt Colby E. , Hashemi Parastoo
Published: May 2019

This critical review highlights significant technical advances and in vivo studies from the last five years that facilitate the development of diagnostic tools for brain disorders.
Single-component frameworks for heterogeneous catalytic hydrolysis of organophosphorous compounds in pure water
Authors: Garibay Sergio J. , Farha Omar K. , DeCoste Jared B.
Published: May 2019

Amine linkers incorporated in Zr-MOFs aid in organophosphorous chemical warfare agent hydrolysis under solely aqueous conditions
Homo and heteroassembly of amide-based [2]rotaxanes using α,α′-dimethyl-p-xylylenediamines
Authors: Lopez-Leonardo C. , Martinez-Cuezva A. , Bautista D. , Alajarin M. , Berna J.
Published: May 2019

The selective formation of [2]rotaxanes affords two out of seven possible interlocked isomers thanks to a marked conformational preference.
Template-induced nucleation for controlling crystal polymorphism: from molecular mechanisms to applications in pharmaceutical processing
Authors: Parambil Jose V. , Poornachary Sendhil K. , Heng Jerry Y. Y. , Tan Reginald B. H.
Published: May 2019

The major factors governing template-induced nucleation of molecular crystals are assessed, highlighting applications in pharmaceutical manufacturing and formulation processes where the templating effect is used to promote crystal nucleation and for controlling crystal polymorphism.
Delocalization energy retrieved from the current density tensor
Authors: Monaco Guglielmo , Zanasi Riccardo
Published: May 2019

The anisotropy of the magnetically induced current density tensor can be computed by its original formulation, known in the literature as ACID, or by its revised definition, AACID, which takes into account the asymmetric nature of the tensor. In polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, the excess of the integrated value of AACID over that computed for isolated ethylenes correlate with the Hückel delocalization energy.
Comparative study of the crowding-induced collapse effect in hard-sphere, flexible polymer and rod-like polymer systems
Authors: Chen Anpu , Zhao Nanrong
Published: May 2019

A systematic Langevin simulation is performed to study the crowding-induced collapse effect on a probed chain in three typical systems: hard sphere (HS), flexible polymer and rod-like polymer.
Novel hierarchical Sn3O4/BiOX (X = Cl, Br, I) p–n heterostructures with enhanced photocatalytic activity under simulated solar light irradiation
Authors: Hu Jianling , Li Xingyang , Wang Xiaodan , Li Quanshui , Wang Fengping
Published: May 2019

Sn3O4/BiOX (X = Cl, Br, I), a series of p–n-heterojunction-based photocatalysts, were prepared by a combination of an ultrasonic-assisted precipitation–deposition method and hydrothermal method.
Ethylene-glycol ligand environment facilitates highly efficient hydrogen evolution of Pt/CoP through proton concentration and hydrogen spillover
Authors: Li Jiayuan , Liu Han-Xuan , Gou Wangyan , Zhang Mingkai , Xia Zhaoming , Zhang Sai , Chang Chun-Ran , Ma Yuanyuan , Qu Yongquan
Published: May 2019

Unique ethylene glycol ligand environments are utilized to overcome the HER kinetic limitation of CoP modified by a low Pt loadingvialocal proton concentration and subsequent hydrogen spillover.
Sensitivity of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to cadmium stress is associated with phototaxis
Authors: Yu Zhen , Zhang Teng , Hao Rui , Zhu Yi
Published: May 2019

A negatively phototactic alga accumulated less Cd than the normal one.
Effects of typical engineered nanomaterials on 4-nonylphenol degradation in river sediment: based on bacterial community and function analysis
Authors: Xu Piao , Chen Ming , Lai Cui , Zeng Guangming , Huang Danlian , Wang Han , Gong Xiaomin , Qin Lei , Liu Yuanyuan , Mo Dan , Wen Xiaofeng , Zhou Chengyun , Wang Rongzhong
Published: May 2019

Iron oxide nanoparticles incorporation promoted 4-nonylphenol degradation, taking advantage of their good biocompatibility and stimulation in iron reducing microbes and expression of iron-regulated proteins.
The pH and concentration dependent interfacial interaction and heteroaggregation between nanoparticulate zero-valent iron and clay mineral particles
Authors: Wang Yanlong , Yang Kun , Chefetz Benny , Xing Baoshan , Lin Daohui
Published: May 2019

Heteroaggregation with clay mineral particles (CMPs) is significant to the environmental application and fate of increasingly produced nanoparticulate zero-valent iron (nZVI).
Tunable internal quantum well alignment in rationally designed oligomer-based perovskite films deposited by resonant infrared matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation
Authors: Dunlap-Shohl Wiley A. , Barraza E. Tomas , Barrette Andrew , Dovletgeldi Seyitliyev , Findik Gamze , Dirkes David J. , Liu Chi , Jana Manoj K. , Blum Volker , You Wei , Gundogdu Kenan , Stiff-Roberts Adrienne D. , Mitzi David B.
Published: May 2019

RIR-MAPLE enables thin-film deposition of organic–inorganic materials with tunable synergistic photophysics.
Multifunctional supramolecular self-assembly system for colorimetric detection of Hg2+, Fe3+, Cu2+ and continuous sensing of volatile acids and organic amine gases
Authors: Cao Xinhua , Li Yiran , Yu Yicheng , Fu Shiying , Gao Aiping , Chang Xueping
Published: May 2019

A multifunctional supramolecular self-assembly system was prepared for colorimetric detection of Hg2+, Fe3+, Cu2+ and continuous sensing of volatile acids and organic amine gases through three different modes.
Synthesis from a layered double hydroxide precursor for a highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Wan Jian , Ye Wen , Gao Rui , Fang Xiaoyu , Guo Zhenguo , Lu Yanluo , Yan Dongpeng
Published: May 2019

A hybrid of Co3Se4 and FeSe2 prepared via a facile hydrothermal method achieves an efficient OER activity during water splitting.
High-performance ultrathin mixed-matrix membranes based on an adhesive PGMA-co-POEM comb-like copolymer for CO2 capture
Authors: Kim Na Un , Park Byeong Ju , Lee Jae Hun , Kim Jong Hak
Published: May 2019

High-performance membranes are prepared based on UiO-66-NH2 nanoparticles dispersed in an adhesive PGMA-co-POEM comb-like copolymer. The membranes show excellent separation performance (CO2 permeance of 1320 GPU and CO2/N2 selectivity of 30.8).
Visualization of fast “hydrogen pump” in core–shell nanostructured Mg@Pt through hydrogen-stabilized Mg3Pt
Authors: Lu Chong , Ma Yanling , Li Fan , Zhu Hong , Zeng Xiaoqin , Ding Wenjiang , Deng Tao , Wu Jianbo , Zou Jianxin
Published: May 2019

A core–shell nanostructured Mg@Pt composite, consisting many of icosahedral Mg particles as the core with nano-sized Pt particles distributed homogeneously on different surfaces, was synthesized through an arc plasma method followed by the generic solid-state method.
Solar-blind ultraviolet photodetection of an α-Ga2O3 nanorod array based on photoelectrochemical self-powered detectors with a simple, newly-designed structure
Authors: Zhang Junhua , Jiao Shujie , Wang Dongbo , Ni Shiming , Gao Shiyong , Wang Jinzhong
Published: May 2019

A newly-designed photoelectrochemical self-powered detector is applied to an α-Ga2O3 nanorod array to realize the detection of solar-blind ultraviolet light (wavelengths below 300 nm) and fast response (rise time of 0.076 s and decay time of 0.056 s).
High efficiency warm white organic light-emitting diodes with precise confinement of charge carriers and excitons in the exciplex host system
Authors: Ying Shian , Yuan Jiakun , Zhang Shuai , Sun Qian , Dai Yanfeng , Qiao Xianfeng , Yang Dezhi , Chen Jiangshan , Ma Dongge
Published: May 2019

A high-performance WOLED with stable spectrum emission was achieved by the ratio regulation between the HTM and ETM in the exciplex host system.
Compact terahertz detector based on lightweight 3D‐printed lens packaging
Authors: Qiao Haidong , Liu Hao , Mou Jinchao , Liu Songzhuo , Wang Bing , Guo Dalu , Lv Xin
Published: May 2019

This Letter presents a compact and lightweight terahertz detector with a 3D‐printed lens packaging, exhibiting a high responsivity between 1100 and 2190 V/W from 210 to 230 GHz. The detector is comprised of an antenna‐coupled detector, a 3D‐printed lens and a read‐out circuit. The antenna‐coupled detector with a GaAs Schottky diode is printed on a dielectric laminate. To extract the detected signal more efficiently within a smaller footprint, a pair of folded lines with high impedance are designed. Moreover, a 3D‐printed nylon lens together with a back‐shorting reflector is proposed for radiation gain enhancement and mechanical robustness. A maximum voltage responsivity Rv of 2190 V/W and a minimum noise equivalent power of 2.6 pW/√Hz are achieved at 223 GHz. The measured radiation patterns agree well with the simulated results.
Lateral and vertical power transistors in GaN and Ga2O3
Authors: Hilt Oliver , Bahat Treidel Eldad , Wolf Mihaela , Kuring Carsten , Tetzner Kornelius , Yazdani Hossein , Wentzel Andreas , Würfl Joachim
Published: May 2019

Vertical silicon carbide transistors and lateral gallium nitride (GaN) transistors for power‐electronic applications currently target applications with different voltage and power ratings. Meanwhile, research and development activities continue on vertical GaN transistors and new gallium oxide (Ga2O3) transistors. What are their perspectives in the application and how do they compete against each other and against established transistor technologies? This study discusses the specific characteristics of lateral and vertical GaN and Ga2O3 transistors to assess their strengths and weaknesses.
Adaptive PSO with optimised firefly algorithms for secure cluster‐based routing in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Pavani Movva , Trinatha Rao Polipalli
Published: May 2019

One of the important considerations in a sensor network is energy consumption. Cluster‐based routing protocols are often proposed to reduce energy consumption. However, clusters are vulnerable due to malicious nodes. Malicious nodes inject fake messages to cluster‐header, which increases communication overhead and energy consumption. Secure cluster‐based routing is one of the most required solutions to consume more energy during data transmission. In this study, the authors propose a secure cluster‐based routing protocol (SCBRP) that uses adaptive particle swarm optimisation (PSO) with optimised firefly algorithms during data transmission in a wireless sensor network. The objective of this study is to minimise energy consumption over an individual node to improve the whole network lifetime. The proposed SCBRP is based on the hexagonal sensor network architecture, and it is designed by three processes to include energy‐efficient clustering, secure routing, and security verification. The performance of the proposed SCBRP is evaluated using NS‐3, and it is estimated by different metrics such as encryption time, decryption time, energy consumption, packet drop rate, and network lifetime. The simulation results are compared with the previous approaches and finally, the authors’ proposed SCBRP is proved that it obtained better performance than previous approaches.
Resilience of data centre power system: modelling of sustained operation under outage, definition of metrics, and application
Authors: Müller Uwe , Strunz Kai
Published: May 2019

A novel criterion for quantifying the resilience of power systems supplying data centres is formulated to measure the system's ability to sustain functionality even during an outage. By comparative analysis of two alternative data centre power systems covering apparatus of electrical power supply and environmental control, it is shown that reliability and availability alone are insufficient as metrics to gauge different designs. The gap is bridged by the proposed resilience analysis to further evaluate situations of single and double outages. As a complement to the indicators of single point of failure and double point of failure, respectively, and security criteria, the novel metrics of a single point of reduced availability and double point of reduced availability are proposed. These criteria identify those single subsystems or subsystem pairs causing system availability to drop below requested levels in periods when they are out of service. The metrics so offer information on the overall system's availability during times of maintenance and failures. Thanks to this understanding, it is shown that a guided reduction of the number of subsystems considering their relative importance can lead to designs offering desirable trade‐offs in terms of complexity, reliability, availability, and resilience.
Segmented, modular synchronous reluctance direct‐drive minimising the drive‐train costs
Authors: Weiss Claude P. , Lange Tobias , De Doncker Rik W.
Published: May 2019

High‐torque motors in direct‐drive applications are advantageous especially with regard to the current trend of compact, cost‐effective system integration. This paper discusses the concept of segmenting a synchronous machine and the resulting beneficial motor modularisation. Thereby, high‐efficient, inverter‐driven torque motors are possible, preferably for a speed range of up to 3000 rpm. The output power can be scaled from a few kilowatt up to higher power levels. This modularised, high‐efficient motor enables a new dimension of system integration for many industries and applications. The motor segmentation, furthermore, allows an overall drive system cost optimisation while reducing the maintenance intensive components. How the drive‐train cost changes when using a segmented motor is compared to a conventional belt‐driven system.
Fortgeschrittenes Plattenepithelkarzinom: Komplettremission unter PD-1-Antikörper-Therapie
Authors: Gellrich F. , Beissert S. , Meier F.
Published: May 2019

Für lokal fortgeschrittene oder metastasierte Plattenepithelkarzinome waren die Behandlungsmöglichkeiten bisher begrenzt. Mit Cemiplimab steht ein monoklonaler Antikörper gegen den programmed death-1-Rezeptor (PD-1) zur Verfügung, welcher in Amerika zur Behandlung des lokal fortgeschrittenen oder metastasierten Plattenepithelkarzinoms zugelassen ist.

In der vorgestellten Kasuistik wurde ein 74-jähriger Patient aufgrund eines fortgeschrittenen Plattenepithelkarzinoms mit multiplen, teils inoperablen Tumorrezidiven mit Cemiplimab behandelt. Unter der Therapie trat eine Komplettremission ein. Nach Beginn der Therapie wurde der Patient mit Fieber unklarer Genese, epileptischen Anfällen und neurologischen Ausfällen stationär aufgenommen. Eine immunvermittelte Meningoezephalitis wurde diagnostiziert. Unter zeitnaher hochdosierter systemischer Kortikoidtherapie bildeten sich die neurologischen Defizite vollständig zurück.

Unter der Therapie mit PD-1-Antikörpern kann auch bei fortgeschrittenen oder metastasierten Plattenepithelkarzinomen eine anhaltende Komplettremission erreicht werden. Unter der Therapie mit Immun-Checkpoint-Inhibitoren können schwere immunvermittelte Nebenwirkungen auftreten. Zeitnahes interdisziplinäres Management mit frühzeitiger Diagnosestellung und Therapieeinleitung sind essenziell, um bleibende Schäden zu verhindern.
Therapie der schweren Psoriasis vulgaris et arthropathica in der Schwangerschaft
Authors: Berndt K. , Schneiderat S. , Heyne S. , Beissert S. , Abraham S.
Published: May 2019

Die Psoriasis vulgaris stellt eine häufige, chronisch entzündliche Hauterkrankung dar. Bis zu einem Drittel der Betroffenen leiden zusätzlich unter Psoriasis-Arthritis, einhergehend mit schmerzhaften Gelenkentzündungen, die unbehandelt zur Gelenksdestruktion führen können 1. Trotz eines enormen Fortschritts in den Möglichkeiten der Systemtherapie stellen schwere Verläufe, insbesondere in der Schwangerschaft, immer noch eine Herausforderung dar. Wir berichten über den Fall einer 32-jährigen schwangeren Patientin mit seit dem Jugendalter bestehender, schwerer Psoriasis vulgaris et arthropathica. Unter kombinierter Lokal-, UV- sowie Systemtherapie mit Certolizumab pegol (Cimzia®) konnte eine stabile Krankheitskontrolle erreicht und in der 40. Schwangerschaftswoche ein gesundes Mädchen entbunden werden.
The Terroir of Cannabis: Terpene Metabolomics as a Tool to Understand Cannabis sativa Selections
Authors: Mudge Elizabeth M. , Brown Paula N. , Murch Susan J.
Published: May 2019

The phytochemical diversity of Cannabis chemovars is not well understood, and many chemovars were created in informal breeding programs without records of parentage or the criteria for selection. Key criteria for selection sometimes included aroma notes and visual cues, which some breeders associated with pharmacological activity. We hypothesized that the process of selection for scents believed to be related to specific tetrahydrocannabinol levels has resulted in modified terpene biosynthesis in these chemovars. Thirty-two cannabinoids, 29 monoterpenes and 38 sesquiterpenes were measured in 33 chemovars from 5 licensed producers. A classification system based on cannabinoid content was used with targeted metabolomic tools to determine relationships in the phytochemistry. Three monoterpenes, limonene, β-myrcene, and α-pinene, and two sesquiterpenes, caryophyllene and humulene, were abundant in the majority of chemovars. Nine terpenes were present in tetrahydrocannabinol-dominant chemovars. Three monoterpenes and four sesquiterpenes were predominantly found in cannabidiol-containing chemovars. Low abundance terpenes may have been the aromatic cues identified by breeders. The medicinal activity of some of the terpenes is likely to contribute to the pharmacological effect of specific chemovars. Together, these data demonstrate the synergy of compounds in Cannabis chemovars and point to the need for additional research to understand the phytochemical complexity.
Role of Tissue Factor in Tumor Progression and Cancer-Associated Thrombosis
Authors: Rondon Araci M. R. , Kroone Chantal , Kapteijn Maaike Y. , Versteeg Henri H. , Buijs Jeroen T.
Published: May 2019

It has been long-established that cancer and thrombosis are linked, but the exact underlying pathological mechanism remains to be unraveled. As the initiator of the coagulation cascade, the transmembrane glycoprotein tissue factor (TF) has been intensely investigated for its role in cancer-associated thrombosis and cancer progression. TF expression is regulated by both specific oncogenes and environmental factors, and it is shown to regulate primary growth and metastasis formation in a variety of cancer models. In clinical studies, TF has been shown to be overexpressed in most cancer types and is strongly associated with disease progression. While TF clearly associates with cancer progression, a prominent role for TF in the development of cancer-associated thrombosis is less clear. The current concept is that cancer-associated thrombosis is associated with the secretion of tumor-derived TF-positive extracellular vesicles in certain tumor types. To date, many therapeutic strategies to target TF—both in preclinical and clinical phase—are being pursued, including targeting TF or the TF:FVIIa complex by itself or by exploiting TF as a docking molecule to deliver cytotoxic compounds to the tumor. In this review, the authors summarize the current understanding of the role of TF in both cancer progression and cancer-associated thrombosis, and discuss novel insights on TF as a therapeutic target as well as a biomarker for cancer progression and VTE.
Entscheider-Blog: Ein Jahr Spahn - viel geschafft, viel Verwirrung gestiftet
Authors: Krohne Christian
Published: May 2019

Häufig wirkte es im ersten Jahr der GroKo so, als wäre Bundesgesundheitsminister Jens Spahn der Einzige, der so richtig Lust aufs Regieren hätte.
Neues klinisches Arbeitsplatzsystem im UKE: Die Zukunft der elektronischen Patientenakte
Authors: Siebener Marco
Published: May 2019

Das Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE) war die erste Universitätsklinik in Deutschland, die eine elektronische Patientenakte einführte. Jetzt soll eine neue Lösung entstehen. Im Fokus dabei: die weitere Vernetzung der Klinik mit Patienten, anderen medizinischen Einrichtungen und der Forschung.
Experimental investigation of behavior of bullets dynamics and production of RONS in helium APPJs-liquid interaction: The effect of additive gas components
Authors: Liu Zhijie , Wang Wei , Liu Dingxin , Zhou Chunxi , He Tongtong , Xia Wenjie , Kong Michael G.
Published: May 2019

The understanding of plasma-liquid interactions is of major importance in biomedicine and to better adjust the biological processes induced on/in the biological target by atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJs). In order to investigate the physical mechanism of the interaction, the discharge visualization, electrical characteristics, the behavior of bullets dynamics, and the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in gas and liquid phases are diagnosed when different working gas APPJs are impinging on liquid. The experimental results show that a small amount of N2 or O2 added in He working gas would significantly change the morphology of jet plume and affect the current amplitude due to the promotion of penning ionization. For bullet propagation, the shape and velocity of the bullet display a huge difference, and it may be strongly dependent on the electric field formed by surface charges deposited on the liquid surface; by comparing touching and not touching the liquid surface, the APPJs impinging on the water illustrate a higher emission intensity of reactive species, particularly OH intensity that is due to the water vapor evaporating into the plasma; for the aqueous RONS (H2O2, NO3−, and NO2−) produced in liquid, it is found that the more the H2O2 production is generated in He + O2 APPJ the higher the NO3− and NO2− concentrations are obtained in He + N2 APPJ. Additionally, the liquid activated by H e + N2 APPJ shows the strongest acidification efficiency due to the more concentrations of HNO3 and HNO2 formation.
Electrical and structural characterization of shallow As acceptors in natural p-type 2H-MoS2
Authors: Toledo J. R. , de Oliveira R. , Vaz P. H. , Brandão F. D. , Ribeiro G. M. , González J. C. , Krambrock K.
Published: May 2019

Hexagonal molybdenite (MoS2) is one of the most promising two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors, known with n-type and p-type conduction, with possible applications in electronic, opto-electronic, and spintronic devices. In this work, highly pure geological samples of 2H-MoS2 were investigated by temperature-dependent electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and Hall effect measurements. The low-temperature (<55 K) EPR spectra were consistently explained as holes (S = 1/2) trapped on shallow As acceptors on sulfur sites leading to a four-line hyperfine-split spectrum (75As: I = 3/2, 100%) in axial symmetry and with a concentration of 5(1) ppm (∼2 × 1017 cm−3). Electrical measurements indicate p-type conduction with a free carrier concentration of about 5 × 1017 cm−3 at room temperature and an ionization energy of 52 meV associated with the shallow As acceptors, which is consistent with the ionization energy determined from the hydrogenic model of shallow acceptors in 2H-MoS2. These values are in strong contrast to the unrealistic value of 0.7 meV reported in the literature obtained from the analysis of temperature-dependent EPR measurements. Possible explanations are related to temperature-dependent spin-lattice relaxation effects, affecting strongly EPR line intensities and making impossible their use in obtaining the ionization energy.
Strain deformation in GaAs/GaAsBi core-shell nanowire heterostructures
Authors: Matsuda T. , Takada K. , Yano K. , Shimomura S. , Ishikawa F.
Published: May 2019

We present the growth and strain deformation of sharp-facetted GaAs/GaAsBi core–shell heterostructure nanowires on a Si (111) substrate. The nanowires have a 90 nm wide GaAs core surrounded by an 80 nm thick GaAsBi shell. The sample was analyzed using microbeam synchrotron x-ray diffraction to resolve the local strain status at the GaAs/GaAsBi heterointerface. GaAsBi showed identical lattice constants for its vertical and lateral lattice planes. From the lattice constants, the Bi concentration in GaAsBi was estimated to be approximately 1.3%. In contrast, the GaAs core showed biaxial strain deformation, exhibiting an enlarged vertical lattice constant identical to that of the GaAsBi shell. These layers are coherently grown at the sidewalls of the nanowires, preserving identical vertical lattice constants between the constituent layers in the heterostructure.
Numerical tests of coherence-corrected surface hopping methods using a donor-bridge-acceptor model system
Authors: Sifain Andrew E. , Wang Linjun , Tretiak Sergei , Prezhdo Oleg V.
Published: May 2019

Surface hopping (SH) is a popular mixed quantum-classical method for modeling nonadiabatic excited state processes in molecules and condensed phase materials. The method is simple, efficient, and easy to implement, but the use of classical and independent nuclear trajectories introduces an overcoherence in the electronic density matrix which, if ignored, often leads to spurious results, such as overestimated reaction rates. Several methods have been proposed to incorporate decoherence into SH simulations, but a lack of insightful benchmarks makes their relative accuracy unknown. Herein, we run numerical simulations of common coherence-corrected SH methods including Truhlar’s decay-of-mixing (DOM) and Subotnik’s augmented SH using a Donor-bridge-Acceptor (DbA) model system. Numerical simulations are carried out in the superexchange regime, where charge transfer proceeds from a donor to an acceptor as a result of donor-bridge and bridge-acceptor couplings. The computed donor-to-acceptor reaction rates are compared to the reference Marcus theory results. For the DbA model under consideration, augmented SH recovers Marcus theory with quantitative accuracy, whereas DOM is only qualitatively accurate depending on whether predefined parameters in the decoherence rate are chosen wisely. We propose a general method for parameterizing the decoherence rate in the DOM method, which improves the method’s reaction rates and presumably increases its transferability. Overall, the decoherence method of choice must be chosen with great care and this work provides insight using an exactly solvable model.
Edge state selection by modulating E × B shearing profile in toroidally confined plasmas
Authors: Zhang Y. , Guo Z. B. , Xu X. Q. , Chen J. G.
Published: May 2019

We investigate how the E × B shearing profile impacts the energy transport induced by the MHD mode in the edge of H-mode plasmas. By enhancing the outer layer (ψnor ≈ 0.9–1) shear, the growth rate spectrum γ(n) gets narrowed with the fastest growth rate having a lower toroidal mode number. In the nonlinear stage, the MHD fluctuations tend to reach a coherent, oscillating state, which is analogous to a quiescent(Q) H mode state with edge-harmonic-oscillations. By enhancing the inner layer (ψnor ≈ 0.7–0.8) shear, γ(n) shifts to lower n, and its width does not change much. In the nonlinear stage, the edge fluctuations tend to stay in an incoherent, oscillating state, which is analogous to a turbulent QH-mode state. We also explore the underlying physics of the results and show that they are closely related to the different cross-phase dynamics of the edge MHD fluctuations induced by the variation of the edge E × B shearing profile.
Demonstration and analysis of a 600 V, 10 A, 4H-SiC lateral single RESURF MOSFET for power ICs applications
Authors: Yun Nick , Lynch Justin , Sung Woongje
Published: May 2019

This paper reports the demonstration of a 600 V 4H-SiC lateral MOSFET with a large current handling capability (10 A). To achieve a high breakdown voltage in a lateral architecture, a REduced SURface Field (RESURF) structure was implemented to alleviate surface electric field crowding. A single RESURF (P-top) design on an N-drift on a 6-in. N+ substrate demonstrated a voltage supporting capability of 120 V/μm, resulting in a breakdown voltage of 600 V. The total width of 198 mm for the interdigitated gate fingers was designed to accomplish the high current capability. It turned out that, for relatively low voltage SiC lateral MOSFETs (<600 V), more focus needs to be placed on achieving a low channel, contact, metal, and JFET region resistance than a low drift layer resistance to further improve the on-resistance. Device design, fabrication, and electrical characterization of the proposed 600 V, 10 A, 4H-SiC lateral single RESURF MOSFETs are discussed in this paper.
Light confinement and high current density in UVB laser diode structure using Al composition-graded p-AlGaN cladding layer
Authors: Sato Kosuke , Yasue Shinji , Ogino Yuya , Tanaka Shunya , Iwaya Motoaki , Takeuchi Tetsuya , Kamiyama Satoshi , Akasaki Isamu
Published: May 2019

In this study, we investigated laser characteristics via photoexcitation and electro-optical characteristics via current injection in ultraviolet (UV)-B laser diodes. To achieve light confinement and high current injection, an Al composition-graded 260-nm thick p-type Al0.9→0.45Ga0.1→0.55N cladding layer was designed, which exhibited a calculated light confinement factor of 3.5%. Laser oscillation with a threshold at 275 kW/cm2 at 297 nm was obtained via the photoexcited measurement. A prototype device for current injection was designed using the p-Al0.9→0.45Ga0.1→0.55N cladding layer and an additional Al composition-graded 75-nm thick p-type Al0.45→0Ga0.55→1N layer for the p-type contact layer. The maximum current density in the device reached 41.2 kA/cm2, which is the highest ever reported value among light-emitting devices operating in the UVB and ultraviolet-C regions. The peak wavelength of the emission spectrum obtained from the mirror facet was 300 nm, corresponding to the double quantum wells, without any significant droop. Further, a subpeak emission at 275 nm was observed, which is likely caused by the waveguide layer by electron overflow.
Convergence of formal Dulac series satisfying an algebraic ordinary differential equation
Authors: Gontsov R. R. , Goryuchkina I. V.
Published: May 2019

A sufficient condition is proposed which ensures that a Dulac series that formally satisfies an algebraic ordinary differential equation (ODE) is convergent. Such formal solutions of algebraic ODEs are quite common: in particular, the Painlevé III, V and VI equations have formal solutions given by Dulac series; they are convergent in view of the sufficient condition presented.

Bibliography: 13 titles.
Implementation constraints limit benefits of restoration treatments in mixed-conifer forests
Authors: Lydersen Jamie M. , Collins Brandon M. , Hunsaker Carolyn T.
Published: May 2019

Forest restoration treatments seek to increase resilience to wildfire and a changing climate while avoiding negative impacts to the ecosystem. The extent and intensity of treatments are often constrained by operational considerations and concerns over uncertainty in the trade-offs of addressing different management goals. The recent (2012–15) extreme drought in California, USA, resulted in widespread tree mortality, particularly in the southern Sierra Nevada, and provided an opportunity to assess the effects of restoration treatments on forest resilience to drought. We assessed changes in mixed-conifer forest structure following thinning and understorey burning at the Kings River Experimental Watersheds in the southern Sierra Nevada, and how treatments, topography and forest structure related to tree mortality in the recent drought. Treatments had negligible effect on basal area, tree density and canopy cover. Following the recent drought, average basal area mortality within the watersheds ranged from 5 to 26% across riparian areas and 12 to 44% across upland areas, with a range of 0 to 95% across all plots. Tree mortality was not significantly influenced by restoration treatments or topography. Our results suggest that the constraints common to many restoration treatments may limit their ability to mitigate the impacts of severe drought.
Full squat produces greater neuromuscular and functional adaptations and lower pain than partial squats after prolonged resistance training
Authors: Pallarés Jesús G. , Cava Alejandro M. , Courel‐Ibáñez Javier , González‐Badillo Juan José , Morán‐Navarro Ricardo
Published: May 2019

The choice of the optimal squatting depth for resistance training (RT) has been a matter of debate for decades and is still controversial. In this study, fifty‐three resistance‐trained men were randomly assigned to one of four training groups: full squat (F‐SQ), parallel squat (P‐SQ), half squat (H‐SQ), and Control (training cessation). Experimental groups completed a 10‐week velocity‐based RT programme using the same relative load (linear periodization from 60% to 80% 1RM), only differing in the depth of the squat trained. The individual range of motion and spinal curvatures for each squat variation were determined in the familiarization and subsequently replicated in every lift during the training and testing sessions. Neuromuscular adaptations were evaluated by one‐repetition maximum strength (1RM) and mean propulsive velocity (MPV) at each squatting depth. Functional performance was assessed by countermovement jump, 20‐m sprint and Wingate tests. Physical functional disability included pain and stiffness records. F‐SQ was the only group that increased 1RM and MPV in the three squat variations (ES = 0.77–2.36), and achieved the highest functional performance (ES = 0.35–0.85). P‐SQ group obtained the second best results (ES = 0.15–0.56). H‐SQ produced no increments in neuromuscular and functional performance (ES = −0.11–0.28) and was the only group reporting significant increases in pain, stiffness and physical functional disability (ES = 1.21–0.87). Controls declined on all tests (ES = 0.02–1.32). We recommend using F‐SQ or P‐SQ exercises to improve strength and functional performance in well‐trained athletes. In turn, the use of H‐SQ is inadvisable due to the limited performance improvements and the increments in pain and discomfort after continued training.
Selective probing of magnetic order on Tb and Ir sites in stuffed Tb2Ir2O7  using resonant x-ray scattering
Authors: Donnerer C , Rahn M C , Schierle E , Perry R S , Veiga L S I , Nisbet G , Collins S P , Prabhakaran D , Boothroyd A T , McMorrow D F
Published: May 2019

We study the magnetic structure of the ‘stuffed’ (Tb-rich) pyrochlore iridate Tb2+x
Ir2−x
O7−y 
(x ∼ 0.18), using resonant elastic x-ray scattering (REXS). In order to disentangle contributions from Tb and Ir magnetic sublattices, experiments were performed at the Ir L
3 and Tb M
5 edges, which provide selective sensitivity to Ir 5d and Tb 4f  magnetic moments, respectively. At the Ir L
3 edge, we found the onset of long-range

magnetic order below

K, consistent with the expected signal of all-in all-out (AIAO) magnetic order. Using a single-ion model to calculate REXS cross-sections, we estimate an ordered magnetic moment of

at 5 K. At the Tb M
5 edge, long-range

magnetic order appeared below  ∼

K, also consistent with an AIAO magnetic structure on the Tb site. Additional insight into the magnetism of the Tb sublattice is gleaned from measurements at the M
5 edge in applied magnetic fields up to 6 T, which is found to completely suppress the Tb AIAO magnetic order. In zero applied field, the observed gradual onset of the Tb sublattice magnetisation with temperature suggests that it is induced by the magnetic order on the Ir site. The persistence of AIAO magnetic order, despite the greatly reduced ordering temperature and moment size compared to stoichiometric Tb2Ir2O7, for which

K and

, indicates that stuffing could be a viable means of tuning the strength of electronic correlations, thereby potentially offering a new strategy to achieve topologically non-trivial band crossings in pyrochlore iridates.
Regional connectivity and spatial densities of drifting fish aggregating devices, simulated from fishing events in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean
Authors: Scutt Phillips J , Escalle L , Pilling G , Sen Gupta A , van Sebille E
Published: May 2019

The increased use of drifting Fish Aggregating Devices (dFADs) by tuna purse seine fleets in recent years has supported considerable catches of these species. A greater understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of these objects as they drift with ocean currents is critical for understanding historical changes in fishing power, spatial management, and examining the effect of ambient dFAD density on catch and effort. Here, dFAD dynamics were estimated for all floating object sets made by purse seiners in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean during 2016 and 2017. The drift trajectories of these floating objects prior to the observed fishing events were estimated by seeding virtual Lagrangian particles within a state-of-the-art hydrodynamics model, and simulating their movements backwards in time. Resulting trajectory distributions are similar to observed dFAD trajectories from the same period. The approach provides spatial density estimates in areas where observed dFAD data are incomplete, particularly in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of Howland and Baker Islands, and certain high seas areas. We provide estimates of inter-EEZ connectivity of dFADs, which highlight the fact that dFADs set upon in small EEZs such as Nauru and Howland and Baker Islands are likely to have drifted from neighbouring EEZs less than one month prior to fishing. dFADs typically transited multiple EEZs, with a median of 4 and a maximum of 14, when assuming a drift-time of six months. Moreover, between 4 and 22% of dFAD sets made in the WCPO were estimated to have originated from the Eastern Pacific Ocean, depending on drift-time. We examine our results in the context of the improved management and assessment of dFAD fisheries, providing a methodology to estimated relative dFAD density over historical periods to support analyses of catch and effort. The sensitivity of these estimates to hydrodynamic models, including the proposed SKIM doppler radar altimetry method, is discussed.
The Gender Pay Gap in Academia: Evidence from the Ohio State University
Authors: Chen Joyce J. , Crown Daniel
Published: May 2019

We utilize human resources data from The Ohio State University to assess the gender wage gap. We find a persistent gap of 11% among regular, tenure‐track faculty after accounting for fiscal year, race, clinical appointments, experience, and department. While the presence of a statistically significant gender wage gap is robust, the magnitude of the gap varies substantially depending on how the sample of interest is defined. In assessing gender wage gaps, researchers and universities must be attentive to issues of attrition and classification. Transparency regarding how estimates are affected by sample exclusions and variable definitions will yield insight into possible sources of gender bias.
How Plastic Surgeons Value Professionalism: Using Q Methodology to Explore the Prioritization of Professionalism
Authors: Chiu Chiung-hsuan , Pan Su-chin , Lin Yi-chieh
Published: May 2019

Background

Medicine is no longer limited to the treatment of diseases—the use of plastic surgical techniques as a commodity to improve the appearance of healthy people has become a trend, and plastic surgeons who invest in the market of cosmetic medicine have quickly gained considerable benefits. Will the transformation of the role of plastic surgeons from aesthetic restoration to commercial embellishment damage the creation and maintenance of their sense of professionalism?

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to determine, by utilizing Q methodology, which aspects of professionalism plastic surgeons value.

Methods

Q methodology is a mixed research method employed to study subjectivity through factor analysis. This study analyzes a rank-ordering of participants’ level of agreement with a set of subjective statements related to a given topic. Q statements were developed on the basis of a literature review, expert panels, and medical organizations’ codes of conduct. After face and construct validity checks, as well as a pilot test, we interviewed 31 attending plastic surgeons. Data were collected from April to May 2017.

Results

This study concluded that the main types of medical professionalism held by the respondents can be represented in 4 factors: (1) mastery of clinical skills, (2) leadership and management, (3) knowledge sharing, and (4) multifaceted.

Conclusions

Respondents in this study highly emphasized surgical skill and sought to maintain good relationships with their patients based on their settings. Although they were reluctant to place community service as a top priority, our respondents tended to emphasize the healer aspect over commercialization.