bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of the protein composition on the structure and viscoelasticity of polymer-like gluten gels
Authors: Ramos Laurence , Banc Amélie , Louhichi Ameur , Pincemaille Justine , Jestin Jacques , Fu Zhendong , Appavou Marie-Sousai , Menut Paul , Morel Marie-Hélène
Published: January 2021

We investigate the structure of gluten polymer-like gels in a binary mixture of water/ethanol, 50/50 v/v, a good solvent for gluten proteins. Gluten comprises two main families of proteins, monomeric gliadins and polymer glutenins. In the semi-dilute regime, scattering experiments highlight two classes of behavior, akin to standard polymer solution and polymer gel, depending on the protein composition. We demonstrate that these two classes are encoded in the structural features of the proteins in very dilute solution, and are correlated with the presence of proteins assemblies of typical size tens of nanometers. The assemblies only exist when the protein mixture is sufficiently enriched in glutenins. They are found directly associated to the presence in the gel of domains enriched in non-exchangeable H-bonds and of size comparable to that of the protein assemblies. The domains are probed in neutron scattering experiments thanks to their unique contrast. We show that the sample visco-elasticity is also directly correlated to the quantity of domains enriched in H-bonds, showing the key role of H-bonds in ruling the visco-elasticity of polymer gluten gels.
The thermodynamic stability and mechanical properties of TiC
x
N1−x
(0 ⩽
x ⩽ 1) compounds by cluster expansion method and first-principles calculations
Authors: Chen Yijie , Xu Canhui , Hu Shuanglin , Zhao Xiaojun , Xiao Lairong , Cai Zhenyang
Published: January 2021

The thermodynamic stability and mechanical properties of titanium carbonitrides TiC
x
N1−x
(0 ⩽ x ⩽ 1) are investigated by a combination of the universal cluster expansion method and the first-principles calculations. By considering the ordering of the N/C distributions on the anion sublattice sites of TiC
x
N1−x
, a binary diagram of the heat of formation is constructed, and seven kinds of ground-state structures are predicted in the whole range of 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 1. These predicted ground-state TiC
x
N1−x
structures are further proved to be dynamically and mechanically stable by examining their phonon dispersion spectra and elastic constants. Further studies indicate that the mechanical and thermodynamic properties of the ternary TiC
x
N1−x
structures are generally better than those of the binary TiC or TiN, while the differences within the ternary systems are insignificant. The possible origin of the enhancement of the mechanical and thermodynamic properties of the predicted ground-state TiC
x
N1−x
are discussed together with the electronic structures.
Exact solution to sodium-iridate-BCS– Hubbard model along the symmetric line: non-trivial topology in the ferromagnetic order
Authors: Bi Shihao , He Yan , Li Peng
Published: January 2021

We study the sodium-iridates model on the honeycomb lattice with both BCS pairing potential and Hubbard interaction term. It is shown that this model can be exactly solved with appropriate choices of amplitude of pairing gaps, where the interacting terms are transformed to external field terms. The band structures of these exact solutions on both torus and cylinder geometry are discussed in great details. It is found that the ground state assumes an anti-ferromagnetic configuration, which breaks the time reversal symmetry spontaneously and renders the superconductor topologically trivial. On the other hand, the nontrivial topology is preserved with ferromagnetic configuration and can be characterized by the isospin Chern number.
An optimized design for a field-of-view splitting-based long-gauge-length optical extensometer using two rhombic prisms
Authors: Gu Jian , Zhu Feipeng , Bai Pengxiang , Lei Dong
Published: January 2021

Although the field-of-view (FOV) splitting strategy, based on the reflective image technique, can effectively enhance the gauge length of an optical extensometer, its elements, including a right-angled optical prism and two plane mirrors, require meticulous adjustment before a measurement. In this research, we propose an optimized FOV splitting scheme that uses two identical rhombic prisms. Each rhombic prism can displace a beam of light without changing its direction. Therefore, two symmetrically positioned rhombic prisms converge the light that traverse from two separate regions of an object, which realizes the FOV splitting and greatly simplifies the adjustment of the optical elements. Based on such a FOV splitting scheme, we develop an enhanced optical extensometer. Repeated tensile and cyclic loading-unloading tests are conducted to validate the feasibility and reliability of the proposed extensometer. The experimental results that are obtained using the proposed method are in excellent agreement with those using a strain gauge, which indicates that the optimized FOV splitting scheme is easy to implement and it has high assembly accuracy. Finally, a tensile failure test of a cast-iron specimen is conducted; the measured results indicate that the proposed method is appropriate for measuring the strain of brittle materials in practical applications.
Imaging irregular structures using electrical capacitance tomography
Authors: Chen Zhao , Chen Meng , Wang Jiangjiang , Liu Rongzheng , Shao Youlin , Liu Bing , Tang Yaping , Liu Malin , Yang Wuqiang
Published: January 2021

Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is widely used in research for different applications, e.g. in the petroleum, pharmaceutical and power industries, due to its nonintrusive and noninvasive features and low cost. So far, ECT has been successfully used with regular structures, such as circular and square shapes. However, in some cases, the measurement electrodes cannot be mounted directly on an irregular structure, high temperature objects or corrosive objects. In this work, a method is proposed for ECT to be used with an irregular structure, by filling the gap between the irregular structure and a regular ECT sensor wall. Accordingly, a split matrix method is proposed for image reconstruction. The characteristics of sensitivity maps with the filling method and different structures are investigated. To calculate sensitivity maps, two methods are used: the perturbation method and the potential method, and their effects on image quality are compared. The results show that there is no obvious difference between these two methods for imaging construction, but the potential method is more efficient than the perturbation method. Among different shapes, an image of a triangular object has a large deformation due to its sharp angle and hence the filling method is not suitable for imaging a triangular object. The split matrix method modified by relaxation factors is suitable for irregular structures in general and can generate satisfactory images. A hardware system based on an impedance analyser and a software package have been developed and used to validate the proposed methods. The experimental results show that the proposed method is promising for imaging two-phase flows in irregular structures.
Porous 3D graphene aerogel co-doped with nitrogen and sulfur for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Chen Yinan , Hao Huilian , Lu Xuekun , Li Wenyao , He Guanjie , Shen Wenzhong , Shearing Paul R , Brett Dan J L
Published: January 2021

Heteroatom-doped carbon materials with a high specific area, a well-defined porous structure is important to high-performance supercapacitors (SCs). Here, S and N co-doped three-dimensional porous graphene aerogel (NS-3DPGHs) have been synthesized in a facile and efficient self-assembly process with thiourea acting as the reducing and doping agent solution. Operating as a SC electrode, fabricated co-doping graphene, i.e. the sample of NS-3DPGH-150 exhibits the highest specific capacitance of 412.9 F g−1 under 0.5 A g−1 and prominent cycle stabilization with 96.4% capacitance retention in the back of 10 000 cycles. Furthermore, based on NS-3DPGH-150, the symmetrical supercapacitor as-prepared in 6 M KOH displays a superior energy density of 12.9 Wh kg−1 under the power density of 249 W kg−1. Hence, NS-3DPGHs could be considered as an excellent candidate for SCs.
Ni(OH)2 derived Ni-MOF supported on carbon nanowalls for supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Jiahao , Wang Zizhun , Deng Ting , Zhang Wei
Published: January 2021

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are expected to be promising pseudocapacitve materials because of their potential redox sites and porous structures. Nevertheless, the conductivity inferiority of MOF strongly decreases their structural advantages, therefore resulting in unsatisfying electrochemical performance. Herein, we propose an efficient strategy to enhance conductivity and thus electrochemical properties, in Ni(OH)2 is electrochemically deposited on carbon nanowalls as the precursor for oriented MOF. The synthesized vertically oriented MOF sheets show an almost triple high capacitance of 677 F g−1 than MOF powder of 239 F g−1 at the current density of 2 A g−1. Correspondingly, an asymmetric supercapacitor is fabricated, which can deliver a maximum energy density of 20.7 Wh kg−1 and a maximum power density of 23 200 W kg−1. These promising results indicate that modulating the conductivity of MOF is the key step to pursuit upgrading electrochemical performance.
Optimal rare-earth (La, Y and Sm) doping conditions and enhanced mechanism for photocatalytic application of ceria nanorods
Authors: Xia Xuewen , Li Junqi , Chen Chaoyi , Lan Yuan-Pei , Mao Xisong , Bai Fusheng
Published: January 2021

Morphological tuning or additional cation doping is one of the potential and simple methods to enhance the photocatalytic properties of ceria, in which rare-earth element doped ceria nanorods (CeO2-RE NRs) are expected to be a promising photocatalyst with high activity. But the optimal doping conditions, including the variety and concentration of RE elements are ambiguous, and the contribution of doped RE ions to the enhancement of photocatalytic activity needs to be further studied. In this work, we doped La, Y and Sm with a wide range of 0%–30% into CeO2 NRs, and investigated the phase, morphology, band gap, oxygen vacancy concentration, PL spectra and photocatalytic activity variation under different doping conditions. All synthesized CeO2-RE NRs possessed a good nanorod morphology except the 15 and 30% Y-doped samples. The energy band gaps of the synthesized samples changed slightly; the 10% CeO2-RE NRs with the narrowest band gaps possessed the higher photocatalytic performance. The most outstanding photocatalyst was found to be the 10% Y-doped CeO2 NRs with a methylene blue photodegradation ratio of 85.59% and rate constant of 0.0134 min−1, which is particularly associated with a significant higher oxygen vacancy concentration and obviously lower recombination rate of photogenerated e−/h+ pairs. The doped RE ions and the promotion of oxygen vacancy generation impede the recombination of photogenerated carriers, which is proposed as the main reason to enhance the photocatalytic property of CeO2.
Highly epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7−δ
films grown on gradient La2−x
Gd
x
Zr2O7-buffered NiW-RABiTS using all sol–gel process
Authors: Li Limin , Lei Li , Zhao Gaoyang , Deng Bo , Yan Fuxue , Li Chengshan
Published: January 2021

The overall purpose of this work is to develop a reliable and low-cost technique for fabrication of coated conductors (CCs) on the flexible substrates, and to understand the effects of oriented growth and microstructure on the superconducting performance of CCs in-depth. The investigations of gradient La2−x
Gd
x
Zr2O7 buffer architecture and YBa2Cu3O7−δ
(YBCO) film on Ni-5at%W rolling-assisted biaxially textured substrate using all sol–gel process are reported. Combining x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, it is revealed that the gradient buffer architecture with increased lattice constant along the direction of film growth has an excellent c-axis orientation, while the inversed gradient architecture with decreased lattice constant shows the deteriorated orientation, indicating that the highly epitaxial growth mechanism most likely related to the interfacial lattice matching degree. The detailed analysis of YBCO films grown on gradient La2−x
Gd
x
Zr2O7 under different deposition parameters, and the influence of microstructure on electrical properties are systematically discussed using x-ray diffraction, rocking curve test, scanning electron microscopy and TEM observations. Finally, the excellent biaxial texture YBCO film on gradient La2−x
Gd
x
Zr2O7 buffer architecture is prepared at a proper heat-treatment temperature of 780 °C, and the full width at half maximum of ϕ-scan and ω-scan are 5.9° and 6.4°, respectively. The critical transition temperature T
c,onset of the as-prepared YBCO film is 90 K. With elevating the temperatures, the appearance of a large number of weak-link and amorphous regions, being indicative of the microstructural collapse, is mainly responsible for the reduced superconductivity.
Towards the optimisation of direct laser acceleration
Authors: Hussein A E , Arefiev A V , Batson T , Chen H , Craxton R S , Davies A S , Froula D H , Gong Z , Haberberger D , Ma Y , Nilson P M , Theobald W , Wang T , Weichman K , Williams G J , Willingale L
Published: January 2021

Experimental measurements using the OMEGA EP laser facility demonstrated direct laser acceleration (DLA) of electron beams to (505 ± 75) MeV with (140 ± 30) nC of charge from a low-density plasma target using a 400 J, picosecond duration pulse. Similar trends of electron energy with target density are also observed in self-consistent two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. The intensity of the laser pulse is sufficiently large that the electrons are rapidly expelled along the laser pulse propagation axis to form a channel. The dominant acceleration mechanism is confirmed to be DLA and the effect of quasi-static channel fields on energetic electron dynamics is examined. A strong channel magnetic field, self-generated by the accelerated electrons, is found to play a comparable role to the transverse electric channel field in defining the boundary of electron motion.
Closed-loop EEG study on visual recognition during driving
Authors: Aydarkhanov Ruslan , Ušćumlić Marija , Chavarriaga Ricardo , Gheorghe Lucian , del R Millán José
Published: January 2021

Objective. In contrast to the classical visual brain–computer interface (BCI) paradigms, which adhere to a rigid trial structure and restricted user behavior, electroencephalogram (EEG)-based visual recognition decoding during our daily activities remains challenging. The objective of this study is to explore the feasibility of decoding the EEG signature of visual recognition in experimental conditions promoting our natural ocular behavior when interacting with our dynamic environment. Approach. In our experiment, subjects visually search for a target object among suddenly appearing objects in the environment while driving a car-simulator. Given that subjects exhibit an unconstrained overt visual behavior, we based our study on eye fixation-related potentials (EFRPs). We report on gaze behavior and single-trial EFRP decoding performance (fixations on visually similar target vs. non-target objects). In addition, we demonstrate the application of our approach in a closed-loop BCI setup. Main results. To identify the target out of four symbol types along a road segment, the BCI system integrated decoding probabilities of multiple EFRP and achieved the average online accuracy of 0.37 ± 0.06 (12 subjects), statistically significantly above the chance level. Using the acquired data, we performed a comparative study of classification algorithms (discriminating target vs. non-target) and feature spaces in a simulated online scenario. The EEG approaches yielded similar moderate performances of at most 0.6 AUC, yet statistically significantly above the chance level. In addition, the gaze duration (dwell time) appears to be an additional informative feature in this context. Significance. These results show that visual recognition of sudden events can be decoded during active driving. Therefore, this study lays a foundation for assistive and recommender systems based on the driver’s brain signals.
Transition from no-ELM response to pellet ELM triggering during pedestal build-up—insights from extended MHD simulations
Authors: Futatani S. , Cathey A. , Hoelzl M. , Lang P.T. , Huijsmans G.T.A. , Dunne M. , JOREK Team the , ASDEX Upgrade Team the , EUROfusion MST1 Team the
Published: January 2021

Pellet edge localized mode (ELM) triggering is a well-established scheme for decreasing the time between two successive ELM crashes below its natural value. Reliable ELM pacing has been demonstrated experimentally in several devices, increasing the ELM frequency considerably. However, it was also shown that the frequency cannot be increased arbitrarily due to a so-called lag-time. During this time, after a preceding natural or triggered ELM crash, neither a natural ELM crash occurs nor is it possible to trigger an ELM crash by pellet injection. For this article, pellet ELM triggering simulations are advanced beyond previous studies in two ways. Firstly, realistic E × B and diamagnetic background flows are included. And secondly, the pellet is injected at different stages of the pedestal build-up. This allows us to recover the lag time for the first time in simulations and investigate it in detail. A series of nonlinear extended MHD simulations is performed to investigate the plasma dynamics resulting from an injection at different time points during the pedestal build-up. The experimentally observed lag-time is qualitatively reproduced. In particular, a sharp transition is observed between the regime where no ELMs can be triggered and the regime where pellet injection causes an ELM crash. Via variations of pellet parameters and injection time, the two regimes are studied and compared in detail, revealing pronounced differences in the nonlinear dynamics. The toroidal mode spectrum is significantly broader when an ELM crash is triggered, enhancing the stochasticity and therefore also the losses of thermal energy along magnetic field lines. In the heat fluxes to the divertor targets, pronounced toroidal asymmetries are observed. In the case of high injection velocities leading to deep penetration, the excitation of core modes like the 2/1 neoclassical tearing mode is also observed.
Atomic structural and electronic bandstructure calculations for borophene
Authors: Krowne Clifford M , Sha Xianwei
Published: January 2021

Density of states (DOS) and electronic bandstructure diagrams with ε(k) versus k are found for particular allotropes of borophene with much improved accuracy by ab initio quantum calculations using hybrid functionals of several types. The particular types of hybrid functionals are delineated in detail. Varying levels of k-point discretization are utilized to evaluate accuracy. Structural relaxation has been carefully applied prior to electronic bandstructure simulations. Results indicate whether or not one has regions in k-space which display Dirac type non-gapped behavior or parabolic gapped behavior. This work is required in order to determine what types of electronic uses 2D single atomic layer borophene is appropriate for in modern nanoscopic devices.
How I Diagnose Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Amador Catalina , Feldman Andrew L
Published: January 2021

Objectives

This review describes our approach to the diagnosis of all 4 anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) entities.

Methods

ALCLs are a group of CD30-positive mature T-cell lymphomas with similar morphologic and phenotypic characteristics but variable clinical and genetic features. They include systemic ALK-positive ALCL, systemic ALK-negative ALCL, primary cutaneous ALCL, and the recently described provisional entity breast implant–associated ALCL.

Results

In cases with classic features, the diagnosis of ALCL is often straightforward. However, variant histology, the importance of clinical history, and multiple antigenic aberrancies all present challenges to accurate diagnosis and subclassification.

Conclusions

A systematic approach to the diagnosis of ALCL and awareness of potential mimics are critical to avoid misdiagnosis. It is also crucial to correctly identify localized forms of ALCL to avoid classification as systemic ALCL and subsequent overtreatment.
Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Wang Michael C , Lloyd-Jones Donald M
Published: January 2021

Hypertension is a highly prevalent and causal risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Quantitative cardiovascular (CV) risk assessment is a new paradigm for stratifying hypertensive patients into actionable groups for clinical management and prevention of CVD. The large heterogeneity in hypertensive patients makes this evaluation complex, but recent advances have made CV risk assessment more feasible. In this review, we first describe the prognostic significance of various levels and temporal patterns of blood pressure (BP). We then discuss CV risk prediction equations and the rationale of taking global risk into account in hypertensive patients. Finally, we review several adjunctive biomarkers that may refine risk assessment in certain patients. We observe that, beyond individual cross-sectional measurements, both short-term and long-term BP patterns are associated with incident CVD; that current CV risk prediction performs well, and its incorporation into hypertension management is associated with potential population benefit; and that adjunctive biomarkers of target organ damage show the most promise in sequential screening strategies that target biomarker measurement to patients in whom the results are most likely to change clinical management. Implementation of quantitative risk assessment for CVD has been facilitated by tools and direct electronic health record integrations that make risk estimates accessible for counseling and shared decision making for CVD prevention. However, it should be noted that treatment does not return an individual to the risk of someone who never develops hypertension, underscoring the need for primordial prevention in addition to continued innovation in risk assessment.
Representation of Women on Plastic Surgery Journal Editorial Boards in the United States
Authors: Pflibsen Lacey R , Foley Brittany M , Bernard Robert W , Lee Gordon K , Neville Matthew R , Almader-Douglas Diana , Noland Shelley S
Published: January 2021

Background

During the past decade, a growing number of women have pursued medical careers, including in plastic surgery. However, female physicians have tended to be underrepresented in a variety of leadership roles in their respective specialties.

Objectives

The authors sought to evaluate the representation of female plastic surgeons on the editorial boards of high-impact plastic surgery journals.

Methods

The gender of editorial board members on 3 high-impact plastic surgery journals was evaluated from 2009 and 2018. The number of women on each editorial board was then compared with the number of board-certified female plastic surgeons (BCFPS) and board-certified female academic plastic surgeons (BCFAPS), a subgroup of BCFPS.

Results

There were 555 unique editorial board members from Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Aesthetic Surgery Journal, and Annals of Plastic Surgery from 2009 to 2018. During that period, 72 editors (13.0%) were women. At the beginning of the study, there were significantly fewer female editors than expected based on proportionate representation of BCFPS and BCFAPS to all board-certified plastic surgeons (P = 0.007 and 0.007, respectively). During the study, there was a 177% increase in women holding editorial board positions. At study end, women were adequately represented on all 3 editorial boards compared with their population data (BCFPS and BCFAPS).

Conclusions

During the 10 years of this study (2009-2018), editorial boards have overcome the underrepresentation of women on, and female plastic surgeons are currently adequately represented on the top 3 high-impact journal editorial boards.
Intractable Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Prolonged Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Replication in a Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Modified T-Cell Therapy Recipient: A Case Study
Authors: Hensley Matthew K , Bain William G , Jacobs Jana , Nambulli Sham , Parikh Urvi , Cillo Anthony , Staines Brittany , Heaps Amy , Sobolewski Michele D , Rennick Linda J , Macatangay Bernard J C , Klamar-Blain Cynthia , Kitsios Georgios D , Methé Barbara , Somasundaram Ashwin , Bruno Tullia C , Cardello Carly , Shan Feng , Workman Creg , Ray Prabir , Ray Anuradha , Lee Janet , Sethi Rahil , Schwarzmann William E , Ladinsky Mark S , Bjorkman Pamela J , Vignali Dario A , Duprex W Paul , Agha Mounzer E , Mellors John W , McCormick Kevin D , Morris Alison , Haidar Ghady
Published: January 2021

A chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell therapy recipient developed severe coronavirus disease 2019, intractable RNAemia, and viral replication lasting >2 months. Premortem endotracheal aspirate contained >2 × 1010 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA copies/mL and infectious virus. Deep sequencing revealed multiple sequence variants consistent with intrahost virus evolution. SARS-CoV-2 humoral and cell-mediated immunity were minimal. Prolonged transmission from immunosuppressed patients is possible.
Stress-associated neurobiological activity associates with the risk for and timing of subsequent Takotsubo syndrome
Authors: Radfar Azar , Abohashem Shady , Osborne Michael T , Wang Ying , Dar Tawseef , Hassan Malek Z O , Ghoneem Ahmed , Naddaf Nicki , Patrich Tomas , Abbasi Taimur , Zureigat Hadil , Jaffer James , Ghazi Parastou , Scott James A , Shin Lisa M , Pitman Roger K , Neilan Tomas G , Wood Malissa J , Tawakol Ahmed
Published: January 2021

Aims

Activity in the amygdala, a brain centre involved in the perception of and response to stressors, associates with: (i) heightened sympathetic nervous system and inflammatory output and (ii) risk of cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that the amygdalar activity (AmygA) ratio is heightened among individuals who develop Takotsubo syndrome (TTS), a heart failure syndrome often triggered by acute stress. We tested the hypotheses that (i) heightened AmygA precedes development of TTS and (ii) those with the highest AmygA develop the syndrome earliest.

Methods and results

Individuals (N=104, median age 67.5 years, 72% female, 86% with malignancy) who underwent clinical 18 F-FDG-PET/CT imaging were retrospectively identified: 41 who subsequently developed TTS and 63 matched controls (median follow-up 2.5 years after imaging). AmygA was measured using validated methods. Individuals with (vs. without) subsequent TTS had higher baseline AmygA (P=0.038) after adjusting for TTS risk factors. Further, AmygA associated with the risk for subsequent TTS after adjustment for risk factors [standardized hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.643 (1.189, 2.270), P=0.003]. Among the subset of individuals who developed TTS, those with the highest AmygA (>mean + 1 SD) developed TTS ∼2 years earlier after imaging vs. those with lower AmygA (P=0.028).

Conclusion

Higher AmygA associates with an increased risk for TTS among a retrospective population with a high rate of malignancy. This heightened neurobiological activity is present years before the onset of TTS and may impact the timing of the syndrome. Accordingly, heightened stress-associated neural activity may represent a therapeutic target to reduce stress-related diseases, including TTS.
A qualitative study of the perceptions of mental health among the Traveller community in Ireland
Authors: Villani Jacopo , Barry Margaret M
Published: January 2021

Irish Travellers are a minority ethnic group who experience a high prevalence of mental health problems and a rate of suicide six times higher compared to the general Irish population. This study explores Travellers’ perceptions of mental health and its determinants. It also identifies the most relevant factors for promoting positive mental health and wellbeing among this socially excluded group. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed to explore participants’ perceptions of mental health and mental health needs. Four focus groups were conducted with a total of 25 adult members of the Travelling community. Inductive thematic analysis was undertaken to identify and interpret the main themes emerging from the participants’ responses. Travellers conceptualize mental health mostly in negative terms and showed a lack of awareness of the concept of positive mental health. Travellers showed a strong awareness of the social determinants of mental health identifying employment, better education, suitable accommodation, a reduction of discrimination and improved trust and social cohesion as important determinants that need to be addressed to improve their mental health status. The centrality of cultural identity and social–emotional skills emerged as key factors in promoting positive mental health among Travellers. The findings suggest that Travellers’ mental health is multidimensional and requires a socio-ecological approach that addresses the wider determinants of health. Community mental health promotion initiatives should focus on reducing discrimination, enhancing social and emotional wellbeing and self-esteem, improvement of living conditions, reduced mental health stigma, and the promotion of Traveller culture and positive self-identity.
Educators’ perceived mental health literacy and capacity to support students’ mental health: associations with school-level characteristics and provision in England
Authors: Mansfield Rosie , Humphrey Neil , Patalay Praveetha
Published: January 2021

Conceptual frameworks for school-based, preventive interventions recognise that educators’ capacity is, in part, dependent on school-level characteristics. This study aimed to (i) examine the factor structure and internal consistency of the Mental Health Literacy and Capacity Survey for Educators (MHLCSE); (ii) assess responses in relation to supporting students’ mental health; (iii) describe schools’ mental health provision in terms of designated roles, training offered, and perceived barriers; (iv) investigate variance in MHLCSE outcomes explained by schools; and, (v) explore school-level predictors of educators’ perceived MHL and capacity after controlling for individual-level characteristics. A multi-level, cross-sectional design involving 710 educators across 248 schools in England was used, and secondary analyses of baseline data collected as part of the Education for Wellbeing Programme were conducted. Mental health provision data was available for 206 schools, of which 95% offered training to some staff, and 71% had a designated mental health lead. Secondary schools offered significantly more training than primary schools. Significant barriers included lack of capacity in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) and within school, and communication challenges between agencies. The amount of training offered by schools significantly predicted educators’ awareness and knowledge of mental health issues, treatments and services, legislation and processes for supporting students’ mental health and comfort providing active support, with increased training predicting higher scores. However, little variance was explained by schools (1.7–12.1%) and school-level variables (0.7–1.2%). Results are discussed in relation to current mental health and education policy in England.
Learning a deep convolutional neural network via tensor decomposition
Authors: Oymak Samet , Soltanolkotabi Mahdi
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we study the problem of learning the weights of a deep convolutional neural network. We consider a network where convolutions are carried out over non-overlapping patches. We develop an algorithm for simultaneously learning all the kernels from the training data. Our approach dubbed deep tensor decomposition (DeepTD) is based on a low-rank tensor decomposition. We theoretically investigate DeepTD under a realizable model for the training data where the inputs are chosen i.i.d. from a Gaussian distribution and the labels are generated according to planted convolutional kernels. We show that DeepTD is sample efficient and provably works as soon as the sample size exceeds the total number of convolutional weights in the network.
Zero Cycles on a Product of Elliptic Curves Over a p-adic Field
Authors: Gazaki Evangelia , Leal Isabel
Published: January 2021

We consider a product $X=E_1\times \cdots \times E_d$ of elliptic curves over a finite extension $K$ of ${\mathbb{Q}}_p$ with a combination of good or split multiplicative reduction. We assume that at most one of the elliptic curves has supersingular reduction. Under these assumptions, we prove that the Albanese kernel of $X$ is the direct sum of a finite group and a divisible group, extending work by Raskind and Spiess to cases that include supersingular phenomena. Our method involves studying the kernel of the cycle map $CH_0(X)/p^n\rightarrow H^{2d}_{\acute{\textrm{e}}\textrm{t}}(X, \mu _{p^n}^{\otimes d})$. We give specific criteria that guarantee this map is injective for every $n\geq 1$. When all curves have good ordinary reduction, we show that it suffices to extend to a specific finite extension $L$ of $K$ for these criteria to be satisfied. This extends previous work by Yamazaki and Hiranouchi.
Gender representation in U.S. biomedical informatics leadership and recognition
Authors: Griffin Ashley C , Leung Tiffany I , Tenenbaum Jessica D , Chung Arlene E
Published: January 2021

Objective

This study sought to describe gender representation in leadership and recognition within the U.S. biomedical informatics community.

Materials and Methods

Data were collected from public websites or provided by American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) personnel from 2017 to 2019, including gender of membership, directors of academic informatics programs, clinical informatics subspecialty fellowships, AMIA leadership (2014-2019), and AMIA awardees (1993-2019). Differences in gender proportions were calculated using chi-square tests.

Results

Men were more often in leadership positions and award recipients (P < .01). Men led 74.7% (n = 71 of 95) of academic informatics programs and 83.3% (n = 35 of 42) of clinical informatics fellowships. Within AMIA, men held 56.8% (n = 1086 of 1913) of leadership roles and received 64.1% (n = 59 of 92) of awards.

Discussion

As in other STEM fields, leadership and recognition in biomedical informatics is lower for women.

Conclusions

Quantifying gender inequity should inform data-driven strategies to foster diversity and inclusion. Standardized collection and surveillance of demographic data within biomedical informatics is necessary.
The Antitrust Market Does Not Exist: Pursuit of Objectivity in a Purposive Process
Authors: Eben Magali
Published: January 2021

There is no such thing as an ‘antitrust market’. Markets are merely analytical tools, which serve to structure available evidence and enable a comprehensive answer to a particular question. They do not exist as such in the real world but are figments of our intellectual imagination. In that capacity, they can be immensely useful. A pursuit of objectivity in the process of product market definition remains in vain as long as we fail to acknowledge that the utility of antitrust markets lies precisely in their reductive and purposive nature. This article makes two main arguments. The first argument is simple, yet far-reaching: antitrust market definition is useful because it is a method to enable the answer to a question. The implication is that the market is defined by reference to that particular question, rather than as an independent and neutral object. Market definition is ‘purposive’. In the context of competition investigations, this question can concern, but does not have to be limited to, determinations of market power. The second argument is that market definition, even though purposive, does not need to be subjective. Objectivity in market definition can be achieved by aspiring to process objectivity, rather than to objective outcomes.

JEL codes: K21; L40; A00
Chlorogenic acid ameliorates mice clinical endometritis by activating Keap1/Nrf2 and inhibiting NFκB signalling pathway
Authors: Gao Feng , Fu Kaiqiang , Li Huatao , Feng Yanni , Tian Wenru , Cao Rongfeng
Published: January 2021

Objectives

Clinical endometritis is a common reproductive disorder in mammals that seriously endangers animal health and causes economic losses worldwide. This study aims to use lipopolysaccharide and Trueperella pyogenes exotoxin as modelling reagents (LC) to perfuse the mouse uterus in order to establish a model of clinical endometritis and to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA).

Methods

In this study, five LC uterine perfusions were selected to model clinical endometritis. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of CGA were clarified. Through HE staining, proinflammatory cytokines, blood testing, NFκB and Keap1/Nrf2 signalling pathways and other index changes to explore the protection mechanism of CGA.

Key findings

After CGA treatment, the appearance, inflammatory damage and blood indicators of the mouse uterus returned to normal. Simultaneously, CGA could inhibit the activation of NFκB and reduce the release of inflammatory cytokines; CGA could also activate Keap1/Nrf2, promote the dissociation of Keap1 and Nrf2 and significantly increase the expression of the downstream genes HO-1 and NQO1.

Conclusions

The above results together explain that five LC uterine perfusions can be used to establish a mouse model of clinical endometritis. CGA can treat clinical endometritis by activating Keap1/Nrf2 and inhibiting the NFκB signalling pathway.
A particle-linkage model for elongated asteroids with three-dimensional mass distribution
Authors: Santos L B T , Marchi L O , Aljbaae S , Sousa-Silva P A , Sanchez D M , Prado A F B A
Published: January 2021

The goal of this paper is to develop a simplified model to describe the gravitational fields of elongated asteroids. The proposed model consists of representing an elongated asteroid using a triple-particle-linkage system distributed in the three-dimensional space and it is an extension of previous planar models. A nonlinear optimization method is used to determine the parameters of our model, minimizing the errors of all the external equilibrium points with respect to the solutions calculated with a more realistic approach, the Mascon model, which are assumed to give the real values of the system. The model considered in this paper is then applied to three real irregular asteroids: 1620 Geographos, 433 Eros, and 243 Ida. The results show that the current triple-particle-linkage three-dimensional model gives better accuracy when compared to the axisymmetric triple-particle-linkage model available in the literature, and provides an advantage in terms of accuracy over the mass point model, while keeping computational time low. This model is also used to carry out simulations to characterize regions with solutions that remain bounded or that escape from around each asteroid under analysis. We investigated initial inclinations of 0° (direct orbits) and 180° (retrograde orbits). We considered the gravitational field of the asteroid, the gravitational attraction of the Sun, and the SRP. Our results are then compared to the results obtained using the Mascon gravitational model, based on the polyhedral shape source. We found good agreement between the two models.
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: reconciling strong emission line metallicity diagnostics using metallicity gradients
Authors: Poetrodjojo Henry , Groves Brent , Kewley Lisa J , Sweet Sarah M , Sanchez Sebastian F , Medling Anne M , López-Sánchez Ángel R , Brough Sarah , Cortese Luca , van de Sande Jesse , Vaughan Sam , Richards Samuel N , Bryant Julia J , Croom Scott M , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Goodwin Michael , Lawrence Jon S , Owers Matt S , Scott Nicholas
Published: January 2021

We measure the gas-phase metallicity gradients of 248 galaxies selected from Data Release 2 of the SAMI Galaxy Survey. We demonstrate that there are large systematic discrepancies between the metallicity gradients derived using common strong emission line metallicity diagnostics. We determine which pairs of diagnostics have Spearman’s rank coefficients greater than 0.6 and provide linear conversions to allow the accurate comparison of metallicity gradients derived using different strong emission line diagnostics. For galaxies within the mass range 8.5 < log (M/M⊙) < 11.0, we find discrepancies of up to 0.11 dex/Re between seven popular diagnostics in the metallicity gradient–mass relation. We find a suggestion of a break in the metallicity gradient–mass relation, where the slope shifts from negative to positive, occurs between 9.5 < log (M/M⊙) < 10.5 for the seven chosen diagnostics. Applying our conversions to the metallicity gradient–mass relation, we reduce the maximum dispersion from 0.11 dex/Re to 0.02 dex/Re. These conversions provide the most accurate method of converting metallicity gradients when key emission lines are unavailable. We find that diagnostics that share common sets of emission line ratios agree best, and that diagnostics calibrated through the electron temperature provide more consistent results compared to those calibrated through photoionization models.
The intracluster magnetic field in the double relic galaxy cluster Abell 2345
Authors: Stuardi C , Bonafede A , Lovisari L , Domínguez-Fernández P , Vazza F , Brüggen M , van Weeren R J , de Gasperin F
Published: January 2021

Magnetic fields are ubiquitous in galaxy clusters, yet their radial profile, power spectrum, and connection to host cluster properties are poorly known. Merging galaxy clusters hosting diffuse polarized emission in the form of radio relics offer a unique possibility to study the magnetic fields in these complex systems. In this paper, we investigate the intracluster magnetic field in Abell 2345. This cluster hosts two radio relics that we detected in polarization with 1–2 GHz Jansky Very Large Array observations. X-ray XMM–Newton images show a very disturbed morphology. We derived the rotation measure (RM) of five polarized sources within ∼1 Mpc from the cluster centre applying the RM synthesis. Both, the average RM and the RM dispersion radial profiles probe the presence of intracluster magnetic fields. Using the thermal electron density profile derived from X-ray analysis and simulating a 3D magnetic field with fluctuations following a power spectrum derived from magneto-hydrodynamical cosmological simulations, we build mock RM images of the cluster. We constrained the magnetic field profile in the eastern radio relic sector by comparing simulated and observed RM images. We find that, within the framework of our model, the data require a magnetic field scaling with thermal electron density as B(r) ∝ ne(r). The best model has a central magnetic field (within a 200 kpc radius) of 2.8$\pm 0.1 \ \mu$G. The average magnetic field at the position of the eastern relic is $\sim 0.3 \ \mu$G, a factor 2.7 lower than the equipartition estimate.
Comparing inclination-dependent analyses of kilonova transients
Authors: Heinzel J , Coughlin M W , Dietrich T , Bulla M , Antier S , Christensen N , Coulter D A , Foley R J , Issa L , Khetan N
Published: January 2021

The detection of the optical transient AT2017gfo proved that binary neutron star mergers are progenitors of kilonovae (KNe). Using a combination of numerical-relativity and radiative-transfer simulations, the community has developed sophisticated models for these transients for a wide portion of the expected parameter space. Using these simulations and surrogate models made from them, it has been possible to perform Bayesian inference of the observed signals to infer properties of the ejected matter. It has been pointed out that combining inclination constraints derived from the KN with gravitational-wave measurements increases the accuracy with which binary parameters can be estimated, in particular breaking the distance-inclination degeneracy from gravitational wave inference. To avoid bias from the unknown ejecta geometry, constraints on the inclination angle for AT2017gfo should be insensitive to the employed models. In this work, we compare different assumptions about the ejecta and radiative reprocesses used by the community and we investigate their impact on the parameter inference. While most inferred parameters agree, we find disagreement between posteriors for the inclination angle for different geometries that have been used in the current literature. According to our study, the inclusion of reprocessing of the photons between different ejecta types improves the modeling fits to AT2017gfo and, in some cases, affects the inferred constraints. Our study motivates the inclusion of large ∼ 1-mag uncertainties in the KN models employed for Bayesian analysis to capture yet unknown systematics, especially when inferring inclination angles, although smaller uncertainties seem appropriate to capture model systematics for other intrinsic parameters. We can use this method to impose soft constraints on the ejecta geometry of the KN AT2017gfo.
Dynamical evolution of massive perturbers in realistic multicomponent galaxy models I: implementation and validation
Authors: Bonetti Matteo , Bortolas Elisa , Lupi Alessandro , Dotti Massimo
Published: January 2021

Galaxies are self-gravitating structures composed by several components encompassing spherical, axial, and triaxial symmetry. Although real systems feature heterogeneous components whose properties are intimately connected, semi-analytical approaches often exploit the linearity of the Poisson’s equation to represent the potential and mass distribution of a multicomponent galaxy as the sum of the individual components. In this work, we expand the semi-analytical framework developed in Bonetti et al. (2020) by including both a detailed implementation of the gravitational potential of exponential disc (modelled with a sech2 and an exponential vertical profile) and an accurate prescription for the dynamical friction experienced by massive perturbers (MP) in composite galaxy models featuring rotating disc structures. Such improvements allow us to evolve arbitrary orbits either within or outside the galactic disc plane. We validate the results obtained by our numerical model against public semi-analytical codes as well as full N-body simulations, finding that our model is in excellent agreement to the codes it is compared with. The ability to reproduce the relevant physical processes responsible for the evolution of MP orbits and its computational efficiency make our framework perfectly suited for large parameter-space exploration studies.