bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interdisciplinary insights into navigating the maze of landscape multifunctionality
Authors: Fors Hanna , Berlin Anna , Gottlieb Uliana , Kågström Mari , Weldon James , Zhang Jasmine
Published: February 2024

Increasing demands for land to deliver multiple and sometimes conflicting services to people and nature have led to the development of an extensive body of research focussed on multifunctional landscapes. However, this has created both insight and confusion, as authors from a variety of disciplines have independently tackled the question of how to manage the trade‐offs and synergies inherent in landscapes that are required to produce multiple functions and services.

We employed an interdisciplinary perspective to formulate some key questions that researchers of multifunctional landscapes can use to identify blind spots.

Our process resulted in a question‐based analysis support scheme that supports reflection and recursive thinking about multifunctional landscapes, beginning with objective setting and visions for addressing it, grounded in baseline mapping, then assessing landscape functions and their single and multiple interactions; as well as the analysis of sensitivity to spatial and temporal dimensions.

Other key points identified are the need for clarity and examination of unstated assumptions, from aims to definitions; accounting for scale; incorporating stakeholder needs throughout the process and applying suitable methods of measurement and aggregation. The focus on asking guided questions derives from the insight that there is no universal correct approach to multifunctional landscapes; the aim should instead be to find the most appropriate methods for the given circumstances and goals.

Policy implications. Tackling current and future socio‐ecological challenges is an interdisciplinary undertaking, necessitating collaborative efforts between research fields that each bring valuable and distinct insights. To effectively combat these challenges, multifunctional landscapes require a clear process and focused objective in their implementation. Multifunctionality should be seen as a means to an end, rather than an end in itself.

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Self‐harm by single‐ and multi‐agent medication poisoning in a retrospective analysis of a Poison Control Center database from January 2018 to December 2022
Authors: Milella Michele Stanislaw , Petraccia Luisa , Pirelli Francesca , Foti Giuseppe , Sapio Maria , Berardi Rosaria , Caprioli Daniele , Pugliese Francesco , Vivino Gabriella
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Medication poisoning is the most common method of self‐harm. Longitudinal studies incorporating pre‐ and post‐COVID‐19 pandemic data are required to describe the phenomenon and to evaluate the long‐term impact on mental health.

Methods

Calls to the Poison Control Center of Policlinico Umberto I Hospital ‐ Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, were analyzed retrospectively for characteristics and clinical presentation of cases of interest from January 2018 to December 2022.

Results

A total of 756 cases of self‐harm by medication poisonings were recorded in the study period. A reduction in rate of cases in 2020 was followed by a return to pre‐pandemic levels by 2021. When separately analyzing single‐ and multi‐agent cases, occurrence of cases involving just one medication increased since early 2021, with a peak in 2022 (7.8% of total calls, 95% CI 6.2–9.5, from 4.9%, 95% CI 4.1–5.8 in 2018). This increase in the rate of cases, mostly of none or mild severity, was driven by youth aged 12–21, in which the relative proportion of single‐ versus multi‐agent cases showed an increasing trend since 2020 (from 42.6% in 2018 to 78.6% in 2022). Acetaminophen was the medication most frequently involved and benzodiazepines the largest class. A psychiatric background was increasingly seen in 2022, especially in age group 12–21.

Conclusion

Single‐agent medication self‐harm may be an increasingly prevailing phenomenon. Young adolescents with a psychiatric background might be most vulnerable to this behavior in the COVID‐19 pandemic aftermath. Healthcare professionals should expect favorable clinical outcome and improve both counseling and psychotherapy supervision in individuals at risk.
Accelerated degradation of photovoltaic modules under a future warmer climate
Authors: Poddar Shukla , Rougieux Fiacre , Evans Jason P. , Kay Merlinde , Prasad Abhnil A. , Bremner Stephen P.
Published: February 2024

Solar photovoltaic (PV) module deployment has surged globally as a part of the transition towards a decarbonized electricity sector. However, future climate change presents issues for module degradation due to prolonged exposure to outdoor conditions. Here, we identify key degradation mechanisms of monocrystalline‐silicon (mono‐Si) modules and empirically model their degradation modes under various climate scenarios. Modules tend to degrade faster due to the thermal degradation mechanism. We estimate that the weighted average degradation rate will increase up to 0.1%/year by 2059. On assessing the impacts of module degradation on future PV power generation and levelized cost of energy, we project up to 8.5% increase in power loss that leads to ~10% rise in future energy price. These results highlight the need to climate‐proof PV module design through careful material selection and improvements in the module manufacturing process. In particular, we recommend the use of heat dissipation techniques in modules to prevent degradation due to overheating.
Collagen‐cellulose‐poly(l‐lactide) scaffold by electrospinning and plasma‐assisting fabrication for bone tissue engineering applications
Authors: Ziblim Zulka , Thapsukhon Boontharika , Choommongkol Vachira , Boonyawan Dheerawan , Inthanon Kewalin , Khantamat Orawan , Ruangsuriya Jetsada
Published: February 2024

Novel biomaterials suitable for bone tissue engineering are currently in demand, and reformulating natural and synthetic biomaterials has caught scientists' attention. Cellulose and collagen have been utilized in biomedical fields. This research aimed to fabricate collagen‐cellulose‐poly(l‐lactide) (Col‐Cel‐PLL) scaffold using collagen, cellulose, and poly(
l‐lactide) through electrospinning and radiofrequency plasma treatment and to examine the scaffold's physicochemical and biological properties. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed its chemistry, and scanning electron microscopy showed fine interconnecting microfibrous fibers; it was super‐hydrophilic with low crystallinity (25.59%) and great Young's modulus (163.940 ± 8.008 MPa), and it was reasonably degraded. Regarding biological properties, the scaffold was biocompatible by supporting cell attachment and viability. Cells on the Col‐Cel‐PLL produced high total protein levels and collagen deposition. However, the alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly low.
Longitudinal changes of swallowing safety and efficiency in infants with spinal muscular atrophy who received disease modifying therapies
Authors: Leon‐Astudillo Carmen , Brooks Olivia , Salabarria Stephanie M. , Coker Mackenzi , Corti Manuela , Lammers Jenna , Plowman Emily K. , Byrne Barry J. , Smith Barbara K.
Published: February 2024

Background

Dysphagia is a common feature of the natural history of patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Literature regarding swallowing safety and efficiency is scarce in patients with SMA, particularly in the era of newborn screening programs and disease‐modifying therapies.

Objective

To describe the longitudinal changes of swallowing safety and efficiency in children with SMA who received one or more disease modifying therapies

Methods

Case series of patients with SMA followed at the University of Florida from 1 May 2019 to 31 December 2022 who had two or more videofluoroscopy swallowing studies (VFSS), with the first being within 30 days of their first treatment. Data extracted from the electronic health record included: neuromotor outcomes, VFSS penetration aspiration scores (PAS), presence of abrnormal oral or pharyngeal residue, clinical history, and timing of disease‐modifying therapies administration.

Results

Seven subjects were included (five male); three were diagnosed via newborn screen. Median age at diagnosis was 10 days (range: 4–250). Median age at initial VFSS was 29 days (range: 9–246), and age at the last VFSS was 26.1 months (range: 18.2–36.2). All subjects received onasemnogene‐abeparvovec (OA); four received additional therapies. PAS at diagnosis was abnormal in four subjects. Six subjects required feeding modifications after VFSS results. Of these, three had silent aspiration (PAS 8) and three of them improved after treatment.

Conclusions

Swallowing safety and efficiency can be impaired in patients with SMA despite early treatment. Larger, prospective studies are needed to define optimal timiing of longitudinal instrumental evaluations.
Key interaction networks: Identifying evolutionarily conserved non‐covalent interaction networks across protein families
Authors: Yehorova Dariia , Crean Rory M. , Kasson Peter M. , Kamerlin Shina C. L.
Published: February 2024

Protein structure (and thus function) is dictated by non‐covalent interaction networks. These can be highly evolutionarily conserved across protein families, the members of which can diverge in sequence and evolutionary history. Here we present KIN, a tool to identify and analyze conserved non‐covalent interaction networks across evolutionarily related groups of proteins. KIN is available for download under a GNU General Public License, version 2, from https://www.github.com/kamerlinlab/KIN. KIN can operate on experimentally determined structures, predicted structures, or molecular dynamics trajectories, providing insight into both conserved and missing interactions across evolutionarily related proteins. This provides useful insight both into protein evolution, as well as a tool that can be exploited for protein engineering efforts. As a showcase system, we demonstrate applications of this tool to understanding the evolutionary‐relevant conserved interaction networks across the class A β‐lactamases.
In silico modeling and simulation of organ‐on‐a‐chip systems to support data analysis and a priori experimental design
Authors: Milani Nicoló , Parrott Neil , Galetin Aleksandra , Fowler Stephen , Gertz Michael
Published: February 2024

Organ‐on‐a‐chip (OoC) systems are a promising new class of in vitro devices that can combine various tissues, cultured in different compartments, linked by media flow. The properties of these novel in vitro systems linked to increased physiological relevance of culture conditions may lead to more in vivo‐relevant cell phenotypes, enabling better in vitro pharmacology and toxicology assessment. Improved cell activities combined with longer lasting cultures offer opportunities to improve the characterization of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) processes, potentially leading to more accurate prediction of human pharmacokinetics (PKs). The inclusion of barrier tissue elements and metabolically competent tissue types results in complex concentration‐time profiles (in vitro PK) for test drugs and their metabolites that require appropriate mathematical modeling of in vitro data for parameter estimation. In particular, modeling is critical to estimate in vitro ADME parameters when multiple different tissues are combined in a single device. Therefore, sophisticated in silico data analysis and a priori experimental design are highly recommended for OoC experiments in a manner not needed with standard ADME screening. The design of the experiment should be optimized based on an investigation of the structural characteristics of the in vitro system, the ADME features of the test compound and any available knowledge of cell phenotypes. This tutorial aims to provide such a modeling framework to inform experimental design and refine parameter estimation in a Gut‐Liver OoC (the most studied multi‐organ systems to predict the oral drug PKs) to improve translatability of data generated in such complex cellular systems.
Effect of La Spatial Uniformity on Ferroelectric Properties of HfO2 Films Deposited by Atomic Layer Deposition Method
Authors: Jeong Juyoung , Han Yoogeun , Joo Jaeyoung , Sohn Hyunchul
Published: February 2024

In this study, the effect of supercycle scheme for La‐doping in HfO2 films by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on their ferroelectric properties is investigated along with the variation of La distribution in HfO2 films. La is doped into HfO2 films by two ALD supercycle methods: metal‐oxidant‐dopant‐oxide (MODO) and metal‐dopant‐oxidant (MDO). Secondary ion mass spectrometry analys is shows that the MDO supercycle method results in a uniform distribution of La in the depth direction, while the MODO supercycle method results in depth‐dependent segregation of La in the HfO2 film. For similar La concentrations, HfO2 films doped with La by the MDO supercycle show a higher percentage of orthorhombic phase with higher oxygen vacancy concentrations than films by the MODO supercycle. For 3% La, the HfO2 film by MDO shows a remanent polarization (2Pr) of ≈31 μC cm−2 at ± 4 MV cm−1, which is twice as large as the remanent polarization of 15 μC cm−2 for the HfO2 film by MODO. In addition, the La‐doped HfO2 film by MDO with a larger fraction of orthorhombic phase shows a smaller wake‐up effect than the La‐doped HfO2 film by MODO.
Tuning the Bandgap and Topological Phase Transition in Bilayer Van der Waals Stanane by Electric Field
Authors: Zhao Yifei , Li Zhongyao
Published: February 2024

For very few special 2D materials, electric field can be used to realize the topological phase transition from normal insulator (NI) into topological insulator (TI). To design the low‐power electronic devices based on 2DTIs, tunable and practical 2DTIs may be necessary. Herein, a model of electric field‐tunable 2DTIs based on bilayer van der Waals semiconductors is proposed. The bilayer semiconductors can be tuned by electric field from NIs into TIs. As a good candidate of the predicted 2DTIs, the possible topological phase transition of bilayer stanane (SnH) under electric field using first‐principles calculations is studied. The calculations suggest that bilayer stanane can be converted from NI into TI by vertical electric field. The topological bandgap can be up to about 22.8 meV, which is giant for the electric field‐tunable 2DTIs. It can be further enlarged by vertical pressure. This discovery provides new possibilities for converting NIs into TIs by electric field and creating multifunctional topological field‐effect transistors by tunable 2DTIs.
On sample size calculation in drug interaction trials
Authors: Meyvisch Paul , Ebrahimpoor Mitra
Published: February 2024

Drug–drug interaction (DDI) trials are an important part of drug development as they provide evidence on the benefits and risks when two or more drugs are taken concomitantly. Sample size calculation is typically recommended to be based on the existence of clinically justified no‐effect boundaries but these are challenging to define in practice, while the default no‐effect boundaries of 0.8–1.25 are known to be overly conservative requiring a large sample size. In addition, no‐effect boundaries are of little use when there is prior pharmacological evidence that a mild or moderate interaction between two drugs may be present, in which case effect boundaries would be more useful. We introduce precision‐based sample size calculation that accounts for both the stochastic nature of the pharmacokinetic parameters and the anticipated width of (no‐)effect boundaries, should these exist. The methodology is straightforward, requires considerably less sample size and has favorable operating characteristics. A case study on statins is presented to illustrate the ideas.
Anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects of Berberis vulgaris and its constituent berberine, experimental and clinical, a review
Authors: Shakeri Farzaneh , Kiani Sahar , Rahimi Golnoosh , Boskabady Mohammad Hossein
Published: February 2024

Berberis vulgaris (B. vulgaris or barberry) is a medicinal plant that has been used for various purposes in traditional medicine. Berberine is one of the main alkaloids isolated from B. vulgaris and other plants. Both B. vulgaris and berberine have shown anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects in different experimental models and clinical trials. This review aims to summarize the current evidence on the mechanisms and applications of B. vulgaris and berberine in modulating inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune responses. The literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases until August 2023. The results indicated that B. vulgaris and berberine could inhibit the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), interleukin 6 (IL‐6), and interleukin‐17 (IL‐17), and enhance the expression of anti‐inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 10 (IL‐10) and transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), in various cell types and tissues. B. vulgaris and berberine can also scavenge free radicals, increase antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and reduce lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. B. vulgaris and berberine have been reported to exert beneficial effects in several inflammatory, oxidative, and immune‐related diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune diseases, allergic diseases, and infections. However, more studies are needed to elucidate the optimal doses, safety profiles, and potential interactions of B. vulgaris and berberine with other drugs or natural compounds.
Anticancer and chemopreventive potential of Morinda citrifolia L. bioactive compounds: A comprehensive update
Authors: Kitic Dusanka , Miladinovic Bojana , Randjelovic Milica , Szopa Agnieszka , Seidel Veronique , Prasher Parteek , Sharma Mousmee , Fatima Rabab , Arslan Ateşşahin Dilek , Calina Daniela , Sharifi‐Rad Javad
Published: February 2024

Morinda citrifolia L., commonly known as Noni, has a longstanding history in traditional medicine for treating various diseases. Recently, there has been an increased focus on exploring Noni extracts and phytoconstituents, particularly for their effectiveness against cancers such as lung, esophageal, liver, and breast cancer, and their potential in cancer chemoprevention. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of in vitro and in vivo studies assessing Noni's impact on cancer, alongside an exploration of its bioactive compounds. A systematic review was conducted, encompassing a wide range of scientific databases to gather pertinent literature. This review focused on in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as clinical trials that explore the effects of Noni fruit and its phytoconstituents—including anthraquinones, flavonoids, sugar derivatives, and neolignans—on cancer. The search was meticulously structured around specific keywords and criteria to ensure a thorough analysis. The compiled studies highlight Noni's multifaceted role in cancer therapy, showcasing its various bioactive components and their modes of action. This includes mechanisms such as apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, antiangiogenesis, and immune system modulation, demonstrating significant anticancer and chemopreventive potential. The findings reinforce Noni's potential as a safe and effective option in cancer prevention and treatment. This review underscores the need for further research into Noni's anticancer properties, with the hope of stimulating additional studies and clinical trials to validate and expand upon these promising findings.
Understanding what drives genetic study participation: Perspectives of patients, carers, and relatives
Authors: Swietlik Emilia M. , Fay Michaela , Morrell Nicholas W.
Published: February 2024

Genetic research's growing importance in understanding pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and developing effective treatments prompted the RAPID‐PAH study. This study sought feedback from stakeholders who participated in two genomic studies to enhance genetic study delivery and clinical integration. Stakeholders from nine UK PH centres, representing various roles, ages, genders, and mutation statuses, took part in 53 semi‐structured interviews and focus groups. Transcripts were thematically coded using inductive analysis. Clustering analysis was conducted to identify patient groups that shared attitudes. In this paper, we focus on patients', carers', and relatives' perspectives. The key interview themes revealed insights into participants' attitudes toward genetic research and testing more generally, expertise and knowledge of the disease itself, motivations and barriers to participating in genetic research, awareness of and interest in consent procedures and the use of personal and genetic data, as well as the process of communicating individual genetic results. Factors influencing genetic research participation included altruistic motives, personal diagnostic experiences, and family‐related hopes. Clustering analysis produced distinct clusters based on the presence of barriers and motivators for research participation; however, hardly any patients shared identical sets of attitudes, emphasising the need for personalised approaches to recruitment. Most patients reported poor engagement with study‐related materials. Patients who received individual genetic results expressed satisfaction with the process, whereas those who did not were disappointed with the lack of feedback. Reflecting on patient perspectives, we offer recommendations to improve the genetic study delivery process. Enhancing genetic research integration into clinical practice requires tailored engagement, clear communication, and support from healthcare stakeholders.
Mapping doctoral dissertations in an educational leadership programme: A longitudinal examination of knowledge construction in the last two decades
Authors: Arar Khalid , Yilmaz Munube , Koschoreck James W.
Published: February 2024

This paper offers a meta‐analysis scoping study of doctoral dissertations completed in the last 20 years in one doctoral programme of Educational Leadership (EL) at a higher education institution in Texas, aiming at identifying topical foci, epistemology, methodology and main themes. Therefore, we systematically collected, documented, securitised and analysed completed dissertations following the steps identified by PRISMA guidelines. The review aimed to answer the following four questions: (1) What are the general trends of doctoral dissertations in the studied programme? (2) What is the topical foci of these dissertations? (3) What are the prevailing epistemological constructs and genres informing this work? (4) What are the gaps in this research focus within the scope of educational leadership and policy? Based on our analysis, four main key themes were identified: educational leadership and policy, public education, equity and social justice, and race and ethnicity. Further implications, utility of research and future dissertations in educational leadership in this programme and other similar programmes are fully discussed.
Analysis of cell–cell interaction between mural granulosa cells and cumulus granulosa cells during ovulation using single‐cell RNA sequencing data of mouse ovary
Authors: Shirafuta Yuichiro , Tamura Isao , Shiroshita Amon , Fujimura Taishi , Maekawa Ryo , Taketani Toshiaki , Sugino Norihiro
Published: February 2024

Purpose

We investigated the interactions between mural granulosa cells (MGCs) and cumulus granulosa cells (CGCs) during ovulation after the LH surge.

Methods

We performed clustering, pseudotime, and interactome analyses utilizing reported single‐cell RNA sequencing data of mouse ovary at 6 h after eCG‐hCG injection.

Results

Clustering analysis classified granulosa cells into two distinct populations, MGCs and CGCs. Pseudotime analysis divided granulosa cells into before and after the LH surge, and further divided them into two branches, the ovulatory MGCs and the ovulatory CGCs. Interactome analysis was performed to identify the interactions between MGCs and CGCs. Twenty‐six interactions were acting from CGCs toward MGCs, involving ovulation and steroidogenesis. Thirty‐six interactions were acting from MGCs toward CGCs, involving hyaluronan synthesis. There were 25 bidirectional interactions, involving the EGFR pathway. In addition, we found three novel interactions: Ephrins–Ephs pathway and Wnt–Lrp6 pathway from CGCs to MGCs, associated with steroidogenesis and lipid transport, respectively, and TGF‐β–TGFBR1 pathway from MGCs to CGCs, associated with hyaluronan synthesis.

Conclusions

MGCs and CGCs interact with each other in the preovulatory follicle after the LH surge, and their interactions have roles in corpus luteum formation, oocyte maturation, and follicle rupture.
Secure memory adaptive event‐triggered filter design of nonlinear network system under hybrid network attacks with application to tunnel diode circuit
Authors: Dai Xinqiang , Lu Hongqian , Zhou Wuneng
Published: February 2024

This article investigates the problem of secure memory adaptive event‐triggered filter design for nonlinear network systems under hybrid network attacks. First, the introduction of memory adaptive event‐triggered mechanism and numerical quantization is employed to enhance system performance, optimize network channel utilization, and prevent network congestion. Second, we consider the impact of deceptive attacks and DoS attacks occurring in the network channel on data transmission, which form the hybrid network attacks studied in this article. Subsequently, based on the established error model, we derive sufficient conditions for the mean‐square exponential stability of the system under a given performance index using Lyapunov–Krasovskii function and linear matrix inequality (LMI) techniques. Furthermore, the filter parameters are determined using the LMI method. Finally, we illustrate the feasibility and generality of the conclusions through numerical simulation examples and a tunnel diode circuit system.
Multiple Subcutaneous Abscesses by Corynebacterium Amycolatum in a Patient with Severe Idiopathic Aplastic Anaemia
Authors: Shintani Yuka , Fukushima-Nomura Ayano , Funakoshi Takeru , Sakurai Masatoshi , Kato Jun , Fukuyama Masahiro , Inazumi Toyoko , Ohkusu Kiyofumi , Takahashi Hayato
Published: February 2024

Corynebacterium amycolatum is a part of the normal skin flora and has been underestimated as a pathogen. However, in recent years, the species has gained recognition as an important pathogen causing severe infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Nevertheless, identifying these organisms at the species level is difficult in routine clinical microbiology, leading to limited knowledge of their clinical manifestations in infectious diseases. In this study, we report a rare case of multiple subcutaneous abscesses in a patient with severe neutropenia, wherein C.amycolatum was identified as the causative organism through genotyping tests. This case highlights the importance of this organism as an aetiological agent of severe skin infections in patients with compromised immune systems.
Residual water and interfacial bonding effects on the mechanical performance of CNT/fly ash geopolymer binder
Authors: Sekkal W. , Zaoui A.
Published: February 2024

Nowadays, geopolymers are advanced alternatives to cementitious materials, where their excellent chemical and fire resistance are some of its most appealing properties. Fly ash geopolymers enable the use of industrial waste materials while converting them into a novel binding material. Their production is accompanied by a much lower CO2 emission when compared to Portland cement. Reinforcing fly ash geopolymers with carbon nanotubes would significantly strengthen its microstructure and with this enhancing the long‐term mechanical and durability performance. The aim of this work is to use reactive molecular dynamics simulation method to optimize the mechanical properties of fly ash geopolymers with nano‐reinforced carbon nanotubes (CNTs). During this study, the impact of humidity and interfacial bonding strength between carbon nanotube and geopolymer is investigated. Our findings show that structural transformations under hydration process comes from the weakening of AlO bond, leading to the elongation of AlO and NaOH bonds, forming aluminum and sodium hydroxyls. Conversely, silicate is not sensitive to water and exhibits hydrophobic behavior. In addition, our results show that there is an optimal value of water content (7.17 wt.%) that makes the geopolymer nanostructure strengthen. The related elastic modulus rises by 21.56%, 20.60%, and 18.41% for Si/Al ratio of 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Inserting carbon nanofillers to fly ash nanostructure has remarkably shown an interesting strength enhancement. More precisely, when interfacial bonding concentration is around 19.36%, it is observed a positively increasing of the compressive strength, shear, indentation and elastic modulus with 39%, 65.2%, 72.3%, and 144.85%, respectively. Reduced density gradient supports that the interaction between carbon nanotube and fly ash geopolymer is dominated by a van der Waals one.
Seasonal variation of surface water quality and streamflow in Rispana: A tributary of Ganges river, India
Authors: Pant Manish , Singh Jabrinder
Published: February 2024

To evaluate the seasonal changes in quality and quantity of river Rispana (a tributary of river Ganges—Dehradun region of India) water quality index (WQI) was calculated at four major locations by using the weighted arithmetic method. Sixteen samples in all were taken throughout the pre‐monsoon (April 2022), monsoon (July 2022), post‐monsoon (November 2022), and the Winter season (January 2023). The major parameters, namely, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solids (TDS), E‐coliform, sulphate, total alkalinity (TA), total hardness (TH), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) were considered for calculation of WQI. The WQI varied from minimum 44.53 (good) at site 1 – Kairwaan Gaon during monsoon season to maximum 302.69 (unfit for drinking) at site 4 – Mothrowala during the pre‐monsoon period. In 75% samples quality of water was unfit for domestic purpose and the contributing factors are DO, BOD, and Coliform which exceeds permissible limit in all samples. The major factors attributed for decline in the Rispana water quality are discharge of sewage, commercial sites effluent, and urban runoff. Pre‐monsoon, monsoon, post‐monsoon, and winter had average total coliform levels of 1849.6, 2419.6, 2419.6, and 1546.25, respectively, in MPN units. The average value of E‐coli for the four season vary from 1306.8 to 1888.1 MPN. The pollution load (physico‐chemical parameters and bacteriological factors) increases as the river Rispana flows to downstream in urban locations. Streamflow was observed as very lean except monsoon season (~1500 cfs) due to more extraction of Rispana's fresh water in upstream and unplanned changes in its catchment basin; thus establishes an extensive decline in availability of fresh water sources (Domestic use) in downstream Dehradun city area. In monsoon season, more streamflow (rain water influx) maintains the WQI also in good‐moderate category. The land use/land cover – LULC analysis in Rispana basin area, depicted 71% enhancement in urbanization (24.16%–41.55%) takes place in 15 years’ span (2003–2017). The study establishes the potential causes (natural and anthropogenic) for Rispana deterioration and provides a baseline (quality index) for aquatic and ecological rejuvenation of its watershed by executing a proper management strategy with people participation. This work contributes discernments for effective water resource management to address the smart city objectives and sustainable development goal‐SDG:6, urban and municipal authorities must take cognizance for revival of this domestic water resource.
Making Artificial Intelligence Your Friend, Not Your Foe, in the Literacy Classroom
Authors: Hutchison Amy
Published: February 2024

The recent development of ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence application that mimics human language, has many educators questioning its place in the classroom. This article provides suggestions for instructional uses of ChatGPT in the literacy classroom so that teachers can empower students to use this tool safely and effectively for learning.
Analysis of blood composition by porcine breeding cycle
Authors: Lee Seongju , Lee Sang Chul , Jeon Yubyeol
Published: February 2024

Background

Pigs for biomedical research are administered commercial fluids made for human consumption when they receive intravenous (IV) fluid therapy. Although pigs and humans have slightly different bodily fluid compositions, the composition shift happens at the same rate as their rapid growth.

Objective

The study aimed to analyse the composition of porcine blood according to breeding cycle using a portable blood analyser and provides data for developing customized IV fluids for pigs.

Methods

Pigs were sorted 25, 50, 100 and 120 days after birth, and sows were classified into candidate, pregnant and farrowing groups. A blood sample was collected from the external jugular vein and analysed using the EPOC blood analysis system using haematological, biochemical and gas parameters.

Results

There was no difference among pig groups by age, but hematocrit and haemoglobin amounts decreased in sows after farrowing, but their concentrations were higher as compared to pigs. Glucose gradually reduced as age increased in pigs and during pregnancy in sows.

Conclusion

This study provided a comprehensive analysis of porcine blood composition by breeding cycle and highlighted the importance of glucose supplementation for IV fluid therapy in pigs.
Surgical treatment and outcome of haematomyelia with a traumatic cause in a dog and a cat
Authors: Guo Shanshan
Published: February 2024

Two surgically treated haematomyelia cases were documented. One dog and one cat were presented for acute progressive paraplegia following a fall from height incident.

Neurological examinations suggested a L4–S3 myelopathy in both cases. Radiography and magnetic resonance imaging in both cases revealed no fracture or subluxation of the spine, but well‐defined intramedullary mass lesions in lower lumbar regions compatible with haemorrhage and haematoma formation. Exploratory surgeries were performed over the lesions. Dark‐red friable masses were removed via myelotomy. Histopathological examinations revealed organizing haematomas at the acute to subacute stage. Postoperatively, both cases improved and regained ambulation. The dog walked normally but remained urinary and faecal incontinent 9 months after the surgery. The cat was continent and ambulatory with a paraparetic gait 5 months after the surgery. In both cases, the outcomes and the patients’ quality of life were considered satisfactory by the owners.
Gentlemen, you can't fight in here. Or can you?: How cyberspace operations impact international security
Authors: Maesschalck Sam
Published: February 2024

The military now views cyberspace as a new warfare domain, with constant cyber operations potentially causing significant consequences. Internationally, countries are heavily involved in cyberspace, but international law lags behind this evolution, raising questions about its application and retaliation measures. This article investigates international law in cyberspace and cyber operations in warfare and terrorism, exploring recent calls for increased legislation. The impact of cyberspace nonregulation on international security is examined from both positive and negative perspectives. It argues that solving anonymity and attribution issues requires state collaboration, with an initial step of cooperation against cyber‐terrorism. The conclusion emphasizes the necessity of cyberspace regulation and legislation for international and national security, offering a starting point for discussion.
A follow‐up assessment of wildlife‐permeable fences used in the reintroduction of bison
Authors: Watt Dillon , Whittington Jesse , Heuer Karsten
Published: February 2024

Fences are an important tool for anchoring reintroduced species to a target area, and there is a need to understand their effect on other wildlife species. However, little is understood about the response of wildlife to newly constructed fences over time. We evaluated fences used in the reintroduction of plains bison Bison bison to Banff National Park, Canada. These fences were designed to contain reintroduced bison while allowing for the free passage of other wildlife. In 2020, we provided an assessment of the permeability of several fence designs. Here, we investigated longer‐term fence effects and addressed the emerging question of whether wildlife adapt their behaviours to navigate fences more effectively over time. We used an expanded array of remote cameras and a before‐after‐control‐impact design to evaluate changes in detection probability for 12 species. Next, we tested for changes in crossing rates and travel speeds of migratory elk Cervus canadensis using 22 years of GPS collar data. Finally, we examined whether species detections or elk movements changed over time after fences were constructed. Changes in detection probability near fences were inconsistent between species. Elk fence crossing rates decreased after fence construction, and travel speeds slowed by a negligible amount. However, these effects were temporary – wildlife learned to cross fences more efficiently over time. Elk movement metrics followed a non‐linear pattern after the appearance of fences and began returning to pre‐fence states after approximately two years. Our study provides new information on the implementation of fences for conservation objectives while minimizing impacts on sympatric wildlife.
Klimawandel und Gesundheit
Authors: Augustin Jobst , Burkart Katrin , Endlicher Wilfried , Herrmann Alina , Jochner-Oette Susanne , Koppe Christina , Menzel Annette , Mücke Hans-Guido , Sauerborn Rainer
Published: February 2024

Die Autorinnen und Autoren betrachten in diesem Kapitel mögliche direkte und indirekte gesundheitliche Auswirkungen des Klimawandels in Deutschland und die jeweils spezifischen Anpassungsmaßnahmen. Thematisiert werden besonders klimasensible Erkrankungen, die im Zusammenhang mit Hitze und Kälte, UV-Strahlung, Pollenflug, Luftverschmutzung und Infektionserregern stehen. Abschließend wird auf wichtige gesundheitliche Aspekte des Klimaschutzes verwiesen, vor allem auf gesundheitliche co-benefits und die Rolle von nachhaltigen, resilienten Gesundheitssystemen.
CircYthdc2 generates polypeptides through two translation strategies to facilitate virus escape
Authors: Zheng Weiwei , Wang Linchao , Geng Shang , Xu Tianjun
Published: February 2024

It is known that about 10 circular RNAs (circRNAs) can encode functional polypeptides in higher mammals. However, it is not clear whether the functional polypeptides that can be translated by circRNAs are only the products of the evolution of higher animals, or also widely exist in other lower organisms. In addition, it is also unclear whether the two ways of translating polypeptides using IRES and m6A in the one circRNA are exclusive or coexistent. Here, we discovered a novel circRNA derived from the 3′-5′ RNA helicase Ythdc2 (Ythdc2) gene in lower vertebrate fish, namely circYthdc2, which can translate into a 170 amino acid polypeptide (Ythdc2-170aa) through IRES sequence or m6A modification, and is involved in antiviral immune of fish. Moreover, SCRV infection can promote circYthdc2 translate Ythdc2-170aa. Then, we found that both Ythdc2-170aa and Ythdc2 can promote the degradation of STING by promoting the ubiquitination modification of K11 and K48 link of STING, and weaken the host’s antiviral innate immunity. Notably, when circYthdc2 is abundant, Ythdc2 preferentially degrades circYthdc2 and no longer promotes the degradation of STING. Further studies have shown that circYthdc2 is highly conserved from lower vertebrates to higher mammals, and human circYthdc2 can also encode the same polypeptide and play a similar function to that of fish circYthdc2. This discovery confirms for the first time that the ability of circRNA to encode functional proteins is evolutionarily conserved, and finds that the ways of polypeptide translation by the same circRNA were diverse, which is of great significance for further elucidating the function and evolution of circRNAs in vertebrates.
Multiplicity results for Hamiltonian systems with Neumann-type boundary conditions
Authors: Fonda Alessandro , Mamo Natnael Gezahegn , Obersnel Franco , Sfecci Andrea
Published: February 2024

We prove some multiplicity results for Neumann-type boundary value problems associated with a Hamiltonian system. Such a system can be seen as the weak coupling of two systems, the first of which has some periodicity properties in the Hamiltonian function, the second one presenting the existence of a well-ordered pair of lower/upper solutions.
On Closed Geodesics in Lorentz Manifolds
Authors: Allout S. , Belkacem A. , Zeghib A.
Published: February 2024

We construct compact Lorentz manifolds without closed geodesics.
Long-term functional outcomes in polytrauma: a fundamentally new approach is needed in prediction
Authors: Meakes Simone , Enninghorst Natalie , Weaver Natasha , Hardy Benjamin M. , Balogh Zsolt J.
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Modern trauma care has reduced mortality but poor long-term outcomes with low follow-up rates are common with limited recommendations for improvements. The aim of this study was to describe the impact of severe injury on the health-related quality of life, specifically characterise the non-responder population and to identify modifiable predictors of poorer outcomes.

Methods

Five-year (2012–2016) prospective cohort study was performed at a level 1 trauma centre. Baseline Short-Form Health Survey (SF36) was collected at admission, and at 6 and 12 months postinjury together with demographics, injury mechanism and severity, psychosocial wellbeing, and return to work capacity.

Results

Of the 306 consecutive patients [age 52 ± 17 years, male 72%, ISS 21 (17, 29), mortality 5%], 195 (64%) completed questionnaires at baseline, and at 12 months. Preinjury physical health scores were above the general population (53.1 vs. 50.3, p < 0.001) and mental health component was consistent with the population norms (51.7 vs. 52.9, p = 0.065). One year following injury, both physical health (13.2, 95% CI 14.8, 11.6) and mental health scores (6.0, 95% CI 8.1, 3.8) were significantly below age- and sex-adjusted preinjury baselines. Non-responders had similar ISS but with a lower admission GCS, and were more likely to be younger, and without comorbidities, employment, or university education.

Conclusion

Contrary to their better than population norm preinjury health status, polytrauma patients remain functionally impaired at least 1 year after injury. The identified high risk for non-responding group needs more focused efforts for follow-up. A fundamentally different approach is required in polytrauma research which identify modifiable predictors of poor long-term outcomes.
Frankfurter Konzept einer stationären Cochleaimplantat-Frührehabilitation
Authors: Bruschke Stefanie , Zeh Roland , Baumann Uwe , Helbig Silke , Stöver Timo
Published: February 2024

Hintergrund

Mit der im Jahr 2020 aktualisierten AWMF-Leitlinie zur Versorgung mit einem Cochleaimplantat (CI) wurde erstmals der gesamte Prozess einer CI-Versorgung definiert. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden die Machbarkeit und die Ergebnisse einer sehr frühen Rehabilitationsmaßnahme (Reha) untersucht.

Methodik

Es wurden 54 Patienten in die Interventionsgruppe (IG) eingeschlossen, bei der die Reha innerhalb von 14 (maximal 28) Tagen nach der Implantation eingeleitet wurde. In eine Kontrollgruppe (KG, n = 21) wurden Patienten mit deutlich längerer Wartezeit eingeschlossen. Neben dem Beginn und der Dauer der Reha wurde das mit CI erreichte Sprachverstehen zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten innerhalb von 12 Monaten erfasst. Zusätzlich wurde mit Fragebögen der Aufwand der Anpassung des CI-Prozessors und die Zufriedenheit der Patienten mit dem Ergebnis sowie dem Zeitpunkt des Beginns der Reha ermittelt.

Ergebnisse

Die Wartezeit zwischen Implantation und Beginn der Reha lag in der IG bei 14 Tagen und in der KG bei 106 Tagen (Mediane). Es konnten 92,6 % der Patienten der IG die Reha innerhalb von 14 Tagen antreten. Der Effekt der Reha lag in der IG bei 35 und in der KG bei 25 Prozentpunkten (Freiburger Einsilbertest). Nach 6 und 12 Monaten (M) CI-Nutzung zeigten beide Gruppen sowohl in der Testbedingung in Ruhe (IG/KG 6M: 70 %/70 %; 12M: 70 %/60 %, Freiburger Einsilbertest) als auch im Störgeräusch (IG/KG 6M: −1,1 dB SNR/–0,85 dB SNR; 12M: −0,65 dB SNR/0,3 dB SNR, Oldenburger Satztest) vergleichbare Ergebnisse. Die mittels des Fragebogens Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ) erfassten Ergebnisse für die Einschätzung der Hörqualität zeigten nach 6 Monaten eine bessere Bewertung in der IG, die sich nach 12 Monaten an die Ergebnisse der KG anglich. Die IG war mit dem Zeitpunkt des Beginns der Reha deutlich zufriedener als die KG. Alle anderen aus Fragebögen ermittelten Daten zeigten keine Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Gruppen.

Schlussfolgerung

Der sehr frühe Beginn einer stationären Reha nach Cochleaimplantation ist erfolgreich umsetzbar. Die Reha konnte innerhalb von 7 Wochen nach der Implantation abgeschlossen werden. Der Vergleich der Ergebnisse der Tests des Sprachverstehens vor und nach der Reha zeigte eine deutliche Steigerung. Somit ist ein deutlicher Reha-Effekt nachweisbar. Die Aufnahme der CI-Rehabilitation in den Katalog der Anschlussheilbehandlungen ist somit wissenschaftlich begründet und damit dringend zu empfehlen.
Feasibility of prevention of type 2 diabetes in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Kengne Andre P. , Ramachandran Ambady
Published: February 2024

Type 2 diabetes is a leading cause of global mortality and morbidity. Nearly 80% of individuals with diabetes live in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where nearly half of those with the condition remain undiagnosed. The majority of known cases have sub-optimal clinical outcomes. Moreover, large populations with impaired glucose tolerance and/or impaired fasting glucose contribute to the rapid increase in type 2 diabetes. Globally, priority should be given to limit the population with diabetes, especially in LMICs, alongside actions to optimise the care of people diagnosed with diabetes. Primary prevention studies in LMICs have generated evidence to show the efficacy and scalability of strategies to fully prevent or delay the development of diabetes in high-risk groups. However, these are mainly limited to certain countries in Asia, particularly China and India. The studies have indicated that prevention policies are effective in populations with a high risk of type 2 diabetes, and they also have long-term benefits, not only for the risk of type 2 diabetes but also for the risk of associated metabolic disorders, such as CVDs. For the effective conduct of national programmes, innovative mechanisms must be implemented, such as the use of information technology, joint efforts of multiple teams implementing similar programmes, and involvement of governmental and non-governmental partnerships. Continuous monitoring and long-term studies are required to assess the utility of these programmes. The effectiveness of such programmes in LMICs has not been proven over the longer term, except in China. Despite the available evidence, the feasibility of prevention strategies for type 2 diabetes in LMICs at population level remains an enigma. There remain challenges in the form of cultural, societal and economic constraints; insufficient infrastructure and healthcare capacity; and the non-fully elucidated natural history and determinants of type 2 diabetes in LMICs.

Graphical Abstract