bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Harnessing Community Science to Support Implementation and Success of Nature-Based Solutions
Authors: Cabling Ludwig Paul B. , Dubrawski Kristian L. , Acker Maleea , Brill Gregg
Published: November 2024

Community science (CS), a type of community-based participatory research, plays a crucial role in advancing wide-reaching environmental education and awareness by leveraging the collective power of volunteer participants who contribute to research efforts. The low barriers of entry and well-established methods of participatory monitoring have potential to enable community participant involvement in applications of nature-based solutions (NbS). However, a better understanding of the current state of community-based approaches within NbS could improve feasibility for researchers and practitioners to implement community-based approaches in NbS. Based on the current literature, we discern five community science approaches that support NbS: (1) Environmental monitoring to determine baseline conditions; (2) Involvement of participants in NbS development and planning through discussions and workshops (i.e., co-design of NbS); (3) Using existing CS databases to support NbS design and implementation; (4) Determining the impacts and measuring effectiveness of NbS; and (5) Participation in multifunctional activities. While there are various avenues of participation, we find that CS-driven environmental monitoring (i.e., actions that involve observing, measuring, and assessing environmental parameters and conditions over time) emerges as a cornerstone of planning, implementing, and maintaining the success of NbS. As the proliferation of NbS implementation continues, future work to integrate community-based monitoring studies in NbS applications has potential, albeit far from guaranteed, to improve place-based and local societal and ecological outcomes.
A Teamwork-Based Protocol for a Holistic Approach to Selecting a Sustainable Mine Dewatering Management Plan
Authors: Bajić Dragoljub , Bajić Sanja , Trivan Jelena , Figun Ljubica , Milovanović Jelena
Published: November 2024

The primary objective of the protocol is to establish and develop several scientific methodological procedures applicable to the design and selection of a suitable mine dewatering management plan. A significant challenge and contribution of the research lies in the initial hypothesis, which posits the feasibility of organizing a multidisciplinary team to collaboratively determine the optimal solution for long-term mine dewatering. Protection against groundwater is a highly complex hydrogeological challenge, particularly in mining operations. Mines are inherently dynamic systems, constantly expanding both horizontally and vertically, from the very beginning of mining, also reaching significant depths. Given the inherent uncertainty in geologic systems, such as ore deposits, the entire dewatering process requires continuous “learning” and hierarchical problem-solving. Addressing these complexities involved forming a team of experts, leveraging their knowledge and experience, as well as several methodological procedures based on applied mathematics in geosciences and mining engineering, such as numerical modeling and simulation, fuzzy optimization and decision analysis. These circumstances necessitated continual adjustment to evolving operating conditions and prompted the development of a protocol for effective dewatering planning and mineral ore protection against groundwater. Such a protocol generates alternative mine dewatering solutions and considers their individual characteristics. Additionally, it defines and analyzes multiple criteria for evaluating the solutions and selecting a method that ensures optimal decision-making. The applied methods constitute a holistic system, represented by a single protocol, which includes an interdisciplinary approach to creating sustainable groundwater management strategies.
Impacts of Climate and Land-Use Change on Fraction Vegetation Coverage Based on PLUS-Dimidiate Pixel Model
Authors: Shi Hong , Yang Ji , Liu Qijuan , Li Taohong , Chen Ning Chris
Published: November 2024

Climate and land-use change are key factors of vegetation dynamics, and impacts arising from both of them need to be further studied. This study simulated the fraction of vegetation coverage in 2050 through coupling the Patch-Generating Land Use Simulation (PLUS) model and the Dimidiate Pixel model and explored the effects of climate and land-use change on fraction vegetation coverage in the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle region. The findings indicated that: (1) fraction vegetation coverage was mainly restored over the 2000–2020 period, accounting for 59.38% of the investigation area. Under the SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios, fraction vegetation coverage increased by 40.57% and 46.38%, respectively. (2) under the SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios, the superposition effect of climate and land use change on fraction vegetation coverage significantly outweighed the compensation effect. Specifically, the superposition effect of climate and land use change on fraction vegetation cover accounted for 90.69% and 90.57% of the total area, respectively. Conversely, the compensation effect constituted a relatively minor proportion, representing 9.31% and 9.43% of the total area, respectively. (3) the positive superposition effect of climate changes and land use on fraction vegetation coverage was 35.47% and 40.90%, respectively, while the negative superposition effect was 55.22% and 49.67%, respectively. These findings aimed to offer guidance for the execution of vegetation restoration initiatives in the upstream region.
Techno-Economic Factors Impacting the Intrinsic Value of Behind-the-Meter Distributed Storage
Authors: Hopley Ingrid , Ghahramani Mehrdad , Aziz Asma
Published: November 2024

With the increasing adoption of renewable energy, there is a growing need for efficient storage solutions. Battery storage is becoming an essential tool for maintaining grid reliability and handling the variable nature of renewable energy sources. This research focuses on behind-the-meter, grid-connected household systems in Western Australia, adopting a consumer perspective to evaluate the financial viability of residential batteries. Using the HOMER Grid for techno-economic modeling, eight factors influencing financial viability were analyzed, with results validated through two external case studies. The findings suggest that photovoltaic (PV) systems paired with batteries can be cost-effective at current prices, depending on load profiles, tariffs, and grid sale limits. However, many factors lie outside the consumer’s control, contributing to significant financial uncertainty and limiting widespread battery adoption. Eliminating flat tariffs could make PV + Battery systems financially viable, although this may negatively affect other consumers on the grid. Even with a 30% reduction in battery price, PV-only systems remain optimal for many households. This study concludes that addressing and reducing consumer uncertainty is essential for encouraging the wider adoption of residential battery storage systems. At the same time, non-financial motivations such as energy independence or environmental concerns may drive early adopters in the interim.
Does Foreign Direct Investment and Institutional Quality Promote Welfare in Pakistan? Evidence from Non-Linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag Co-Integration
Authors: Sohail Muhammad Tayyab , Qayum Maria , Khan Muhammad Kaleem
Published: November 2024

A significant amount of available research employs panel data analysis to evaluate the association between foreign direct investment, the quality of institutions, and human development parameters, meaning that there are currently relatively few studies on the topic that focus on one country in particular. It is crucial to investigate this relationship in the context of an individual or single country because different countries have different aspects, different access to statistics, and different political and economic environments. To contribute to the paucity of research on the topic of an individual-country viewpoint, the present investigation looks into the relationship between well-being (HDI) in Pakistan and foreign direct investment (FDI) and institutional quality (INQ) over the years 2002 to 2022. To investigate both the positive and negative co-integrated parameters, we utilized the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) method. The findings support the asymmetric long- and short-term relationships between foreign direct investment and well-being as well as the long-term associations between institutional quality and well-being. Every percent increase in institutional quality leads to a 0.662 percent rise in well-being. Conversely, a 1% decrease in institutional quality leads to a 0.212 percent decline in well-being. Given Pakistan’s evolving economic performance, financial resources are necessary for all forms of economic endeavours. Nonetheless, the findings of the investigation indicate that neither the long-term effects of foreign direct investment and the short- and long-term effects of institutional quality on well-being are inconsistent. In terms of legislation, the primary goals are supposed to be to advance institutional quality (INQ) and foreign direct investment (FDI), with the goal of ensuring Pakistan’s sustained well-being.
Value Objective, Game Analysis and Approach to Rule of Law for Comprehensive Supervision of Agricultural Natural Resource Assets in China
Authors: Zhang Wenfei , Zhao Leilei
Published: November 2024

The establishment of the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China marks the integrated installation of centralized and unified supervision of agricultural natural resource assets. It is of great practical significance to explore comprehensive systems of supervision of agricultural natural resource assets with the aim of super-ministry system restructuring; this could provide support for the development of new quality agricultural productivity. This paper mainly discusses the value objective and the approach of the rule of law concerning comprehensive supervision of agricultural natural resource assets in China with the aim of super-ministry system restructuring and codification. It combines a normative analysis of law with an economic analysis to address the current laws and regulations concerning the supervision of agricultural natural resource assets and summarize the existing problems of the supervision system. From the perspective of game equilibrium, the paper explores the reasonable expected utility of multiple entities under comprehensive supervision of agricultural natural resource assets. The results show the following: (1) The value objective of comprehensive supervision of agricultural natural resource assets should include process-oriented, multi-participation asset accretion and technological innovation. (2) Different supervision departments have different objectives and interests with respect to taking risks. (3) From the perspective of game equilibrium, an effective balance between development and use and comprehensive supervision of agricultural natural resource assets calls for a reconstruction of the structure of rights (powers) and for practical systematic selection. Therefore, this research recommends that efforts to improve the legal systems of comprehensive supervision of agricultural natural resource assets in China should take comprehensive supervision legislation as an approach to solving the issues and should also take comprehensive central and local cohesion as realization mechanisms, highly integrated and coordinated in legislation, while allocating to various institutions responsibility for the efficient use of agricultural natural resource assets, and the protection of rural green ecological environment, to promote the revitalization of rural ecology, and the security of agricultural resources.
Influence of Environmental Factors and Genotype on Natural Variation in the Chemical Composition of Maize Seeds
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Lee Sang-Gu , Park Soo-Yun , Park Hyoun-Min , Kim Eun-Ha , Oh Seon-Woo , Jung Jung-Won , Choi Hanyoung , Oh Tae-Young , Go Young-Sam , Kim Moon-Jong
Published: November 2024

It is well known that environmental factors, management strategy, and genotype can affect the composition of maize seeds. For this reason, eight maize conventional varieties from Korea were grown over three years, 2021, 2022, and 2023, in three sites, Daegu, Hongcheon, and Suwon of South Korea, to describe the natural variation in the maize seed composition. The results indicate a sizable variation in component contents such as proximate, minerals, and fatty acid among the various varieties, which was more pronounced at the Daegu and Suwon cultivation sites and varieties. Since the DO3, JDO, and KIO are the dominant varieties, showing significantly higher accumulation of proximate (14.3%, 15.2%, and 13.1%), minerals (13.1%, 16.6%, and 14.7%), amino acids (17.01%, 15.1%, and 13.5%), and fatty acids (14.3%, 13.9%, and 15.1%) components, when comparing the genotype effects on seed composition. On the other hand, a significantly higher level of seed components, such as proximate (37.2%, 33.4%), minerals (38.5%, 33.4%), amino acid (38.3%, 33.1%), and fatty acids (36.5%, 33.9%), were found in the maize seeds grown in Daegu and Suwon when compared to Hongcheon. This may be possible due to the soil geochemical properties of Daegu and Suwon. Moreover, the comparison of cultivation years did not show a significant contribution to seed composition; however, a slight or moderate difference was found between the year 2023 and the years 2021 and 2022 of cultivation. An analysis of variability percentage and a principal component analysis showed that the compositions of maize seeds were influenced by genotype, location, and the interplay between genotype and location. In conclusion, compositional diversity in maize was influenced by the interaction between genotype, location, and environment.
Study on the Spatial Pattern and Zoning of Ecological Vulnerability in Island and Territorial Waters Based on VSD Model—A Case Study of Juehua Island
Authors: Li Jingwen , Yuan Yitong , Zhang Yan , Liu Ming
Published: November 2024

Research on the ecological vulnerability of islands can identify ecologically fragile areas, thereby providing support for the refined management of the ecological and environmental protection of islands and the rational development and utilization of island spaces. Using the ecosystem of Juehua Island (China) in Liaodong Bay and its surrounding marine regions as the study target, this work develops an ecological vulnerability index system for island sea areas based on the VSD model. The analytic hierarchy approach is used to calculate the weights of the indices, and the geographical pattern, zoning, and driving reasons for the ecological vulnerability of Juehua Island and its marine regions in 2019 are investigated. The findings indicate that the regional distribution of ecological vulnerability on Juehua Island varies greatly. In general, the vulnerability of the island land is spatially distributed as “high around and low in the middle”, with the surrounding sea region being non-vulnerable. The regional distribution of ecological vulnerability has considerable spatial agglomeration properties. The ecological vulnerability in the research region is primarily driven by the net primary production of the island land and the environmental quality of the marine water. Furthermore, specific ideas and strategies for the overall administration of Juehua Island have been proposed.
X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Compounds Simultaneously Containing Zinc and Iron: Alert on Fe 2p Region
Authors: Ferraria Ana Maria , do Rego Ana Maria Botelho
Published: November 2024

Many interesting materials in a broad range of applications have in their composition the coexistence of zinc and iron. Their characterization by XPS should identify and quantify both elements. The most intense regions for these elements Zn 2p and Fe 2p are, therefore, used to accomplish that purpose. By using sphalerite as an example of a material where Zn and Fe may coexist and using XPS with two different X radiation sources to study them, it is demonstrated that the Fe 2p region, when the iron is the minor component, may be seriously affected by the Auger Zn L3M1M23 structure. The sphalerite (Zn1−xFexS) here studied has x ≈ 0 and is a good example to show how an XPS spectrum obtained with the X-ray Al Kα, the most used radiation in monochromatic equipment, leads to a wrong assignment of the structures existing in the binding energy region of Fe 2p. The simultaneous use of Mg Kα radiation showed that the Fe 2p is below the XPS detection in this specific sample of sphalerite. Its attested absence reveals that the structure detected, when using Al Kα in the “Fe 2p” region, is assigned to a zinc Auger multiple peak and not to the expected 2p photoelectron doublet peak of iron.
Building Brand, Building Value: The Impact of Customer-Based Brand Equity on Airline Ticket Premium Pricing
Authors: Santos Carolina , Dias Álvaro Lopes , Pereira Leandro
Published: November 2024

This study examines the impact of Customer-based Brand Equity (CBBE) on passengers’ Willingness to Pay Premium (WPP) for airline tickets, comparing low-cost and flag airlines. The research is prompted by the competitive nature of the industry and the need to comprehend passenger preferences, focusing on brand image, brand awareness, and service attributes as key variables influencing CBBE. The survey data collected from 489 recent travelers were analyzed through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) and Multigroup Analysis (MGA), generating two quantitative analyses: first, the model was analyzed for airlines in general, and second, a multi-group analysis was performed to understand how the model behaves through price tiers. The findings indicate the significant influence of the chosen variables on both CBBE and WPP. A distinguishing factor lies in the differentiation between low-cost and flag airlines, revealing differing impacts on CBBE and WPP. This research contributes to the branding literature by expanding CBBE’s application to services, especially in the airline sector. It also builds on existing knowledge of WPP’s importance in service industries. Segmenting airline price tiers offers actionable insights for management strategies. In conclusion, this study augments the knowledge of CBBE, providing valuable managerial implications, guiding brand-tailored strategies to increase passengers’ willingness to pay premium.
Sustainable Governance on the Belt and Road Initiative Toward a Carbon-Zero, Regional, Eco-Friendly Logistics Hub: A Difference-In-Differences Perspective
Authors: Xia Tian , Li Siyu , Ma Yunning , Choi Yongrok , Lee Hyoungsuk
Published: November 2024

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) proposed by China in in 2013 prioritizes environmental sustainability and regional economic development from a global perspective. Although the BRI has achieved considerable economic progress in many cities and regions, research on its environmental impacts is still insufficient, with limited attention paid to domestic urban areas in particular. Existing studies have focused primarily on carbon emissions, ignoring the broader environmental impacts of industrial emissions, such as those from smart transportation. To address this gap, this study adopts four major pollutant emissions—carbon dioxide (CO2), industrial particulate matter, industrial sulfur dioxide (SO2), and industrial wastewater emissions—as indicators to assess pollution levels in urban environments. Adopting panel data from 281 Chinese cities from 2003 to 2021, this study employs the difference-in-differences (DID) method to estimate the effect of the BRI on urban environmental pollution. This study is based on the following hypotheses: Hypothesis 1. BRI implementation has reduced urban pollution emissions. Hypothesis 2. Advancements in science and technology will drive the implementation of the BRI. Hypothesis 3. A proactive government response can significantly reduce urban environmental pollution. The main findings of this study are as follows. First, BRI implementation significantly reduces urban environmental pollution by 1.05%. Second, the policy effects of the BRI are more pronounced in the eastern and western regions and in larger cities, implying that geopolitical- and market-oriented strategies are important for regional performance. Third, scientific and technological progress positively affects pollution reduction in urban environments. Fourth, the BRI contributes to strengthening government intervention, which subsequently improves sustainable governance, reduces urban environmental pollution, and promotes regional economic cooperation. Our findings will serve as a crucial reference for future policymaking endeavors toward eco-friendly logistics cooperation in the region.
Annual and Seasonal Variability of Trichloromethane in Drinking Water of Kunshan City 2016–2022 and Associated Health Risks
Authors: Liang Xiaojun , Qian Guohua , Wang Yihan , Chen Mengyao , Liu Yang , Zhao Ping , Li Junling , Wang Yuan , Liu Yuyan
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the annual pollution characteristics of trichloromethane (TCM) in Kunshan City’s tap water from 2016 to 2022. This research analyzed 566 tap water samples from centralized water supply units, utilizing the GB 5749-2006 Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water as the evaluation benchmark. Data analysis employed non-parametric tests and Spearman’s correlation analysis using Excel 2017 and SPSS 26.0. The results indicated a 100% compliance rate with the TCM limit (0.06 mg/L), with median annual concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 6.4 μg/L. Significant inter-annual variations were observed (H = 222.5, p < 0.01), with the lowest levels in 2019 and the highest in 2020. Quarterly analysis revealed significant seasonal differences (H = 94.0, p < 0.01), peaking in the third quarter (8.0 μg/L) and bottoming in the first quarter (3.5 μg/L). TCM concentrations showed significant correlations with annual and quarterly trends, turbidity, and chlorides (|rs| > 0.3, p < 0.01) but not with pH (rs = −0.0025, p = 0.55). While Kunshan City’s drinking water demonstrates satisfactory TCM levels, an increasing annual trend and higher concentrations in the latter half of the year warrant continued monitoring and investigation. In this study, we assessed the health risks for households in Kunshan, China, due to trichloromethane (TCM) in drinking water. The overall carcinogenic risk from multiple exposure pathways was slightly above the ideal level, while the non-carcinogenic risk was within an acceptable range.
Trend and Factors Associated with Medical–Surgical Complications in Patients Discharged from Leprosy Multidrug Therapy at the Specialized Regional Hospital in Macenta, Guinea, from 2012 to 2021
Authors: Hébélamou Jean , Grovogui Fassou Mathias , Manet Hawa , Povogui Lavilé , Béavogui Ismael , Kourouma Karifa , Sow Abdoulaye , Delamou Alexandre
Published: November 2024

This study analyzed the trend and factors associated with medical–surgical complications in patients discharged from leprosy multidrug therapy at the Centre Hospitalier Régional Spécialisé (CHRS), in Macenta, Republic of Guinea. This was a retro 2012 (n = 54) and 2013 (n = 35) and then a slight decrease between 2014 (n = 34) and 2017 (n = 26). From 2019 (n = 18) to 2021 (n = 1), a significant d spective study using routine secondary data from 2012 to 2021. The most represented age group ranged from 25 to 59 years (73.8%), with a male predominance of 72.6%. Farmers represented 60.7% of the patients, 74.5% of the patients had plantar wounds, and 48.8% resided in the N’zerekore region. A trend analysis showed an overall significant decrease in the number of patients with complications between ecline was found. In the patients with leprosy reactions, there was a reduction in numbers from 48 in 2012 to 2 in 2014, with a predominance in men. There were significant associations between region, plantar perforation disease (p = 0.013), and physical disability (p = 0.029) and between year and leprosy reaction after the cure (p < 0.001). In summary, there was a high proportion of patients with plantar ulcers, which predominantly affected farmers, and a significant proportion with leprosy reactions and physical disabilities. Community awareness around leprosy and capacity building of the providers in terms of appropriate management may contribute to improving patients’ quality of life.
Emergence of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 3 in Portugal (2024)
Authors: Barros Sílvia C. , Henriques Ana Margarida , Ramos Fernanda , Luís Tiago , Fagulha Teresa , Magalhães André , Caetano Inês , Abade dos Santos Fábio , Correia Filipa O. , Santana Carlos C. , Duarte Ana , Villalba Ruben , Duarte Margarida D.
Published: November 2024

In September 2024, bluetongue virus serotype 3 (BTV-3) was first identified in Portugal, specifically in the Alentejo region (Évora District), using molecular diagnostic methods. The initial case involved a sheep exhibiting severe clinical symptoms, including head oedema, prostration, nasal discharge, and significant respiratory distress. A subsequent case was documented in another sheep from a different farm within the same district, which presented with high fever (41.5 °C), nasal discharge, and arthritis, ultimately resulting in mortality. Within one month of these initial detections, additional cases in both sheep and cattle were reported in neighbouring districts, indicating the virus rapid spread within the region. In response to this emerging threat, extensive monitoring efforts are being undertaken to delineate the distribution of BTV-3, and vaccination campaigns targeting this serotype have been initiated. These measures aim to mitigate the impact of the virus on livestock health and prevent further transmission.
Morbillivirus Canis Infection Induces Activation of Three Branches of Unfolded Protein Response, MAPK and Apoptosis
Authors: Colina Santiago Emanuel , Williman Macarena Marta , Tizzano Marco Antonio , Serena María Soledad , Echeverría María Gabriela , Metz Germán Ernesto
Published: November 2024

Morbillivirus canis, commonly named Canine distemper virus (CDV), is a morbillivirus implicated in several signs in the Canidae family. In dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), common signs of infection include conjunctivitis, digital hyperkeratosis and neuropathologies. Even with vaccination, the canine distemper disease persists worldwide so the molecular pathways implicated in the infection processes have been an interesting and promising area in new therapeutic drugs research in recent years. It is known that in the process of virus infection, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) loses its homeostasis, inducing stress and the subsequent unfolded protein response or UPR in which three ER-trans-membrane proteins are implicated: PERK, IRE1 and ATF6. Moreover, in prolonged ER stress, the apoptosis is induced through the CHOP, as a final step of viral infection. Cell culture and molecular techniques such as RT-qPCR and RT-PCR were used in the present study. We demonstrate the activation in vitro of the three UPR pathways after infection with an attenuated strain of CDV. Also, the implication of a MAPK pathway through the p38 protein and the apoptotic CHOP was demonstrated to contribute to the process of infection. Even more, our study suggested that CDV replication occurs in a PERK-dependent manner.
A Possible Protective Effect of IgA Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Bronchoalveolar Lavage in COVID-19 Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Di Stefano Mariantonietta , Mirabella Lucia , Cotoia Antonella , Faleo Giuseppina , Rauseo Michela , Rizzo Anna Chiara , Fiore Josè Ramon , Cinnella Gilda , Serviddio Gaetano
Published: November 2024

SARS-CoV-2 infection induces a humoral immune response, producing virus-specific antibodies such as IgM, IgG, and IgA. IgA antibodies are present at mucosal sites, protecting against respiratory and other mucosal infections, including SARS-CoV-2, by neutralizing viruses or impeding attachment to epithelial cells. Since SARS-CoV-2 spreads through the nasopharynx, the specific IgAs of SARS-CoV-2 are produced quickly after infection, effectively contributing to virus neutralization. Dimeric IgA has been reported to be 10 to 15 times more potent than its equivalent IgG, suggesting that this isotype may be particularly interesting in developing new monoclonal antibodies and/or new vaccines efficiently neutralizing the virus at the mucosal sites. It is still unclear whether IgA antibodies in BAL might play a role in the disease course and if their presence may have a prognostic significance. However, a harmful effect on diseases with high IgA titers has been reported. This study evaluated mucosal-specific IgA and IgG profiles in BAL of patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory failure admitted to the ICU. We included 57 patients (41 males and 16 females), admitted to the ICU of the University of Foggia. We used a commercially available ELISA assay to evaluate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA antibodies in plasma and BAL of the 57 hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 respiratory failure. However, 40/57 BAL and plasma from infected patients were available for the ELISA test; the remaining specimens were unsuitable. IgG and IgA antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were detectable in 37 (92.5%) and 40 (100%) plasma specimens, respectively. IgG antibodies were found in a single sample, while IgAs were detected in 19 of 40 BAL samples analyzed. Correlations between these parameters and patient outcomes reveal a signature associated with survival. Interestingly, a statistically significant inverse correlation was found between the mortality rate and the presence of IgA to SARS-CoV-2 in BAL specimens. None of the 19 patients with a positive IgA died, compared to 7 out of 12 patients with a negative IgA-BAL (p: <0.0004). Despite being limited in size, this study suggests a significant protective effect of mucosal immunity in COVID-19 patients, even in advanced disease stages, and a role of IgA in the defense against the virus, as well as the possible use of effective vaccines and therapeutic strategies based on IgA antibodies.
COVID-19 Testing Behavior as a Predictor of COVID-19 Vaccination in Southeastern Louisiana: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Al-Dahir Sara , Barri Saba , Heyer Klaus , Taylor Ashley M. , Khalil Ala’a , Belkhouche Mohamed , Hamed Ibrahim , Cosenza Liliana , Jwayyed Malack , Saad Malaak , Gerard Tina , Craig Leslie S. , Sarpong Daniel F. , Salmon Daniel
Published: November 2024

Background: Global COVID-19 vaccination effort faces the challenges of vaccine hesitancy and resistance, rooted in misinformation and institutional distrust. Addressing these barriers with customized messaging is essential, yet the relationship between vaccine hesitancy and other health-seeking behaviors, like COVID-19 testing, has been underexplored. Method: This study assessed COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Southeastern Louisiana across 10 pharmacies and clinics in areas with historically high rates of COVID-19 infection. Using a longitudinal cohort design from Fall 2022 through Fall 2023, a total of 377 participants from diverse backgrounds were surveyed while seeking routine care at partner organizations. Baseline data was collected on demographics, vaccine knowledge, attitudes, and test-seeking behaviors. Information on COVID-19 testing and vaccination were self-reported and verified, as applicable, in the patient’s medical records. All data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, log-binomial to yield risk ratios, and an ordinal logistic regression for vaccine series completion. Results: Among the 377 participants, 207 were unvaccinated while 170 received the vaccine. Among the unvaccinated individuals, 53 received a half-dose, 97 a full dose, and 14 a booster. Notably, 75% of unvaccinated and 89% of vaccinated participants underwent COVID-19 testing. Individuals who were tested were 1.71 times more likely to be vaccinated (95% CI 1.03, 2.84), while previous vaccine refusal was associated with lower vaccine acceptance (0.77; 95% CI 0.54, 1.09). In the bivariate and multivariate analysis, COVID-19 testing behavior was positively associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Conclusions: Exploring the connection between COVID-19 testing and vaccination provides valuable insights for future public health messaging to mitigate vaccine hesitancy.
Microfluidic-Chip-Based Formulation and In Vivo Evaluations of Squalene Oil Emulsion Adjuvants for Subunit Vaccines
Authors: Bhangde Shashank , Fresnay-Murray Stephanie , Garretson Tyler , Ashraf Asma , O’Hagan Derek T. , Amiji Mansoor M. , Lodaya Rushit N.
Published: November 2024

Background: Adjuvants play a crucial role in improving the immunogenicity of various antigens in vaccines. Squalene-in-water emulsions are clinically established vaccine adjuvants that improve immune responses, particularly during a pandemic. Current manufacturing processes for these emulsion adjuvants include microfluidizers and homogenizers and these processes have been used to produce emulsion adjuvants to meet global demands during a pandemic. These processes, however, are complex and expensive and may not meet the global needs based on the growing populations in low- and middle-income countries. At the forefront of adjuvant research, there is a pressing need to manufacture emulsion adjuvants using novel approaches that balance efficacy, scalability, speed of production, and cost-effectiveness. Methods: In this study, we explored the feasibility of a microfluidic chip platform to address these challenges and evaluated the adjuvanticity of the emulsion adjuvant prepared using the microfluidic chip process in CB6F1 mice model, and compared it with a control formulation. We developed and optimized the process parameters to produce emulsion adjuvants with characteristics similar to SEA160 (control formulation). Results: The resulting emulsion prepared using the microfluidic chip process (MC160) when mixed with ovalbumin, maintained antigen structural integrity. Immunogenicity studies in a CB6F1 mouse model, with the Cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B (CMV gB) antigen, resulted in humoral responses that were non-inferior between MC160 and SEA160, thereby validating the microfluidic chip approach for manufacturing emulsion adjuvants. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate a proof of concept for using microfluidic chip platforms for formulating emulsion adjuvants, offering a simpler manufacturing platform that can be deployed to low- and middle-income countries for rapid production, improving adjuvant access and aiding in pandemic preparedness.
Occurrence, Risks, and Removal Methods of Antibiotics in Urban Wastewater Treatment Systems: A Review
Authors: Zhu Liping , Lin Xiaohu , Di Zichen , Cheng Fangqin , Xu Jingcheng
Published: November 2024

Antibiotics, widely used pharmaceuticals, enter wastewater treatment systems and ultimately the aquatic environment through the discharge of wastewater from residential areas, hospitals, breeding farms, and pharmaceutical factories, posing potential ecological and health risks. Due to the misuse and discharge of antibiotics, the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in water bodies and significant changes in microbial community structure have direct toxic effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health. This paper summarizes the occurrence of antibiotics in wastewater treatment systems and their ecological and health risks, focusing on the impact of antibiotics on aquatic microorganisms, aquatic plants and animals, and human health. It points out that existing wastewater treatment processes have poor removal capabilities for antibiotics and even become an important pathway for the spread of some antibiotics. In terms of detection technology, the article discusses the application of immunoassays, instrumental analysis, and emerging sensor technologies in detecting antibiotics in sewage, each with its advantages and limitations. Future efforts should combine multiple technologies to improve detection accuracy. Regarding the removal methods of antibiotics, the paper categorizes physical, chemical, and biodegradation methods, introducing various advanced technologies including membrane separation, adsorption, electrochemical oxidation, photocatalytic oxidation, and membrane bioreactors. Although these methods have shown good removal effects in the laboratory, there are still many limitations in large-scale practical applications. This paper innovatively takes urban wastewater treatment systems as the entry point, systematically integrating the sources of antibiotics, environmental risks, detection technologies, and treatment methods, providing targeted and practical theoretical support and technical guidance, especially in the removal of antibiotics in wastewater treatment, on a scientific basis. Future efforts should strengthen the control of antibiotic sources, improve the efficiency of wastewater treatment, optimize detection technologies, and promote the formulation and implementation of relevant laws and standards to more effectively manage and control antibiotic pollution in the aquatic environment.
Rancangan Penyuluhan tentang Manajemen Pemeliharaan Ayam Kampung Super dengan Sistem Semi Intensif
Authors: Ramadhanti Janisha Dwi , Syamsuddin Ach. , Isyunani Isyunani
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemberian pakan ayam kampung super dengan campuran ransum komersial 55% dan dedak padi 45% terhadap bobot badan, menyusun rancangan penyuluhan tentang manajemen pemeliharaan ternak ayam kampung dengan sistem semi intensif, dan menganalisis rancangan penyuluhan tentang manajemen pemeliharaan ternak ayam kampung dengan sistem semi intensif. Kegiatan penyuluhan yang dilakukan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan kelompok tani sasaran yaitu Kelompok Tani Buruan Sae Al-Hidayah Kecamatan Ujungberung Kota Bandung dengan jumlah responden sebasar 22 orang. Metode   penelitian   yang   digunakan   adalah   deskriptif   kuantitatif   dimana   data   yang digunakan adalah data primer  dan  sekunder.  Pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi dan penyebaran kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pakan ayam kampung super dengan campuran ransum komersial 55% dan dedak padi 45% terhadap bobot badan menghasilkan berat akhir sebesar 266 gram selama 4 minggu. Rancangan  penyuluhan meliputi penyusunan  sasaran,  tujuan,  materi,  metode,  media  dan evaluasi  yang  disesuaikan dengan  karakteristik  responden. Hasil evaluasi penyuluhan berada pada tahap mengsintesis dengan jumlah persentase sebesar 66%. Hasil Analisis rancangan penyuluhan diketahui bahwa penyuluhan yang dilakukan sudah sesuai dan dapat diterima oleh sasaran yaitu meliputi materi, metode, media dan evaluasi penyuluhan.
What is the COVID-19 Scenario for Psychiatric Conditions in Older Adults? A Narrative Review
Authors: Barzegar Habibeh , Fathian Mohammad , Nakhlband Ailar , Fakhari Ali
Published: November 2024

Objectives: Given the high prevalence of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), this study assessed its negative impact on mental health in older adults. Design: Narrative review. Settings: Global. Outcome measures: Post COVID psychiatric conditions. Results: Mental disorders could emerge as neuro-psychiatric consequences of COVID-19 as the result of brain damage or even as the direct symptoms of virus attack to the central nervous system (CNS) or as the consequences of immune response/drug drawbacks. It was found that older individuals may experience psychiatric disorders due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Common psychological symptoms observed in COVID-19 patients were post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, delirium, sleep disturbances, and depression. On the other hand, these mental health symptoms could also signal the initial phases of COVID-19 in elderly individuals. Conclusions: It is essential to remain vigilant in recognizing psychiatric conditions as either clinical manifestations of COVID-19 or complications resulting from the infection.
Effect of Saffron and Melissa officinalis L. Supplementation on Glycemic Parameters and Lipid Profile in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Double-Blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Sadighi Behnam , Yarani Reza , Taheri-Targhi Somaiyeh , Sanaie Sarvin , Shakouri Seyed Kazem , Mobasseri Majid , Yousefi Zahra , Araj-Khodaei Mostafa
Published: November 2024

Background: Diabetes is one of the most common diseases in modern societies. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is rising and is expected to reach 440 million people by 2030. Although effective steps have been taken in diabetes treatment using common chemical drugs, these drugs are often followed by numerous side effects, necessitating the search for new medications with natural origin, especially those derived from traditional and complementary medicine. Methods: In this double-blind clinical trial, 90 type 2 diabetic patients were randomly divided into three groups: saffron (30 patients), Melissa officinalis (29 patients), and placebo (28 patients). After obtaining informed written consent from each patient, blood samples were collected from all participants, and the corresponding drug was delivered to each patient. After the participants took the medications for three months, blood samples were taken again to analyze the biochemical parameters. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24, employing both descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: At the outset of the investigation, no significant differences existed among the three groups regarding the pertinent variables. The results showed that saffron supplement and M. officinalis significantly decreased fasting blood sugar (FBS) (P<0.001), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) (P<0.05), triglyceride (P<0.05), and total cholesterol (P<0.001) compared to pre-intervention stage. No significant effects were observed for other parameters. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that lemongrass and saffron extracts significantly affected the control of FBS, HbA1c, triglycerides, and blood cholesterol levels in type 2 diabetes patients, suggesting their administration alongside other treatments.
Medicinal Plants for Improving Cognitive Function: A Review
Authors: Sadighi Behnam , Taheri-Targhi Somaiyeh , Yousefi Zahra , Araj-Khodaei Mostafa
Published: November 2024

Background: Cognition is critical for functional independence as people age. Neurodegenerative dementias are more likely to affect older adults due to the aging process. The inadequate response of conventional therapeutic approaches, besides numerous side effects, can cause patients to explore complementary and alternative medical options. This study aimed to introduce the most common medicinal herbs used in Persian medicine for the prevention and treatment of cognitive impairments. Methods: In order to identify medicinal herbs for the treatment and prevention of cognitive diseases, manuscripts were searched by keywords such as "Nesyan", "Fesad-al-Zekr", and "Zekr". Afterwards, the scientific names and pharmacological properties of selected plants were also searched in scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Results: The results of the review indicate that herbal remedies could be effective in treating cognitive impairment and dementia. The neuroprotective, antioxidant, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities are the basis for how these remedies work. Conclusion: The neuropharmacological effects of medicinal plants on numerous pathways make them promising candidates for future drugs or adjunct therapies in combination with established pharmaceuticals; however, further clinical research is required to establish the safety and effectiveness of these treatments.
Enhancing dental education in Iran: Strategies and innovations for improved oral health outcomes
Authors: Shahraki Mehrdad , Amirpour Haradasht Sadra
Published: November 2024

Dental education in Iran has undergone significant changes in recent years. However, dental education in Iran has faced challenges such as outdated curricula, insufficient funding, and inadequate training facilities, impacting the quality of education and preparedness of dental graduates. This article presents a mixed-methods study that identifies strategies to enhance dental education in Iran, drawing from international literature and insights from dental educators. Key strategies include curriculum revision prioritizing hands-on clinical experience, technology integration through artificial intelligence (AI), VR, and nanotechnology, utilization of social media for engagement, and implementation of mentoring programs. These strategies offer unique opportunities to improve educational quality, student preparedness, and oral health outcomes. By implementing these recommendations, dental education in Iran can evolve to meet the needs of the population and produce skilled professionals capable of delivering high-quality oral healthcare services. It is imperative for dental schools in Iran to prioritize the adoption of these strategies to elevate the standard of dental education and promote better oral health outcomes nationwide.
Bridging the gap in biomedical engineering education by integrating local context
Authors: Quon Stephanie , Low Sarah
Published: November 2024

Background: Biomedical engineering combines engineering principles and life sciences to solve medical and biological challenges. Despite its potential, a gap exists in biomedical engineering education between the fields of health and engineering, often resulting in limited interdisciplinary understanding and collaboration. Methods: This paper explores current challenges in biomedical engineering education and reviews approaches to integrate health and engineering through a local-context framework. This framework emphasizes situating biomedical engineering education within the specific regulatory, cultural, and clinical environments of the students’ region. Results: Findings indicate that integrating local context into biomedical engineering curricula enables students to better understand the practical intersection between medicine and engineering in their communities. This integration enhances students’ ability to design healthcare solutions that are culturally relevant, sustainable, and better aligned with local regulatory and clinical standards. Conclusion: Addressing the health-engineering gap in biomedical engineering education by incorporating local context fosters the development of effective healthcare solutions, instills social responsibility, and promotes cross-disciplinary collaboration.
Oyun Teorisinde Denetim Amaçlı Bir Değerin Aksiyomatik Karakterizasyonu
Authors: Öztürk Mahmut Sami
Published: November 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı adalet aksiyomunun kullanılması neticesinde işbirlikçi oyun teorisindeki etkili çözümlerden biri olan Shapley değerinin yeni bir karakterizasyonun elde edilmesidir. Adalet aksiyomu, iki oyuncunun kazançlarının aynı oranda değişmesini gerektirmektedir. Adalet aksiyomu kaynakların dağıtılması konusunda ve karar alma aşamalarında eşitlik, hakkaniyet ve adalet prensiplerini dikkate aldığı için denetim açısından önem taşımaktadır. Oyun teorisi bünyesinde denetim ise oyun teorisinin kontrol mekanizmasını oluşturmakta ve sistemlerin etkinliğini artırılmasında önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Çalışmada adalet aksiyomlarının yanı sıra kazanç-kayıp aksiyomu ve null oyuncu özelliği ile Shapley değeri yeniden tanımlanmaktadır. Shapley değerini aksiyomatik karakterize etmek için çeşitli önermeler kullanılmakta ve ana teorem ispatları yapılarak aksiyomatik karakterizasyon neticelendirilmektedir.