bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECTIVENESS OF INDIVIDUALIZED APPROACH FOR PHYSIOTHERAPY OF CHRONIC SHOULDER PAIN AND PHYSICAL FUNCTIONING IN ELITE ATHLETES WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES
Authors: Eremiev Martin , Krumov Bobi , Lyudmilova Irena , Popova Nadezhda , Lubenova Daniela
Published: December 2020

Objective: Тo study the potential effectiveness of individual physiotherapy program for wheelchair athletes with shoulder girdle persistent pain and dysfunctions. Materials and methods: Thirteen athletes, members of the Bulgarian National Teams in wheelchair basketball and track and field athletics, with mean age 40.6 ± 10.9 participated in the study. The studied athletes had had a history of persistent pain and shoulder girdle dysfunctions for more than 6 months. Individual physiotherapy programs were applied to the participants for a period of two weeks. The selection of techniques was based on the initial assessment and evaluation. The participants were evaluated before treatment, after the first week of treatment, and at the end of the period with the use of the following specific questionnaires and tests: Goniometry of shoulder flexion and horizontal adduction, Apley’s Scratch test, Active compression test of O’Brien (ACT), Athletic shoulder outcome rating scale and Wheelchair User’s Shoulder Pain Index (WUSPI). Results: Post­treatment effects demonstrated a significant (p<.05) increase in shoulder fl exion (14.6° for the right and 12.7° for the left) and horizontal adduction (21.9° for the right and 18.8° for the left). A corresponding increase in the scores for the Athletic shoulder outcome rating scale was found with 10.92 points difference to the initial score (p<.05). The WUSPI demonstrated a non­signifi cant improvement of 0.69 points. The results of ACT and Apley scratch test showed a non­signifi cant decrease of 23.1% for the right shoulder and, 15.4% decrease for the left shoulder after 7 days of treatment. Those results remained unchanged in post-treatment testing. Conclusion: This study showed that the individual physiotherapy programs are effective in the management of wheelchair athletes with chronic shoulder pain. The involvement of Mulligan’s manual therapy techniques combined with other types of exercises for the shoulder and the trunk are beneficial for wheelchair athletes with chronic shoulder pain.
Identifikasi Anatomi Aksara Lampung
Authors: Indrayati Refita Ika , Migotuwio Namuri
Published: December 2020

Writing system in a form of script is an integral part ofcommunication. Its existence enabling history, idea and knowledgeto spread beyond one’s land and passed from one generation to theother. As a part of Indonesian culture, Lampung script of HadLampung must be preserved. But in reality, the usage of this script isfading from society. The difficult writing system and wide-spreadusage of Latin alphabet as standard in Indonesian language aresome of the factors why Lampung script is not a popular writingsystem in Lampung. This research is trying to fill the gap betweenthe effort of conservation and the lack of documentation about localscript. This study uses Type Design Parameter by Mohanty toidentify and categorize Lampung script anatomy. This identificationcan be guideline recommendation for Lampung script basedtypography design and other purposes.
Perancangan Motion Graphic Dampak Plastik Di Laut
Authors: Bagas Pratama Eduard , Carollina Donna
Published: December 2020

Discussion about the problem of world waste, especially plastic wastein the sea, is currently a seriously problem, especially in Indonesia.Indonesia is the second-largest contributor to plastic waste in theworld. Plastic waste in the sea takes 500-1000 years to completelydecompose. So that efforts need to be made to reduce the use ofplastic to prevent the destruction of Indonesia's marine ecosystem.The effort made by the writer is to design motion graphics. Motiongraphics become an educational medium for junior high schoolchildren about the impact of plastic in the ocean along with solutionsthat can be applied in everyday life.
Two new species of the subgenus Arqueozodes of Lasionota from Aysén Patagonian steppe Region in Chile (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)
Authors: Cid-Arcos Mauricio , Campodonico Juan F.
Published: December 2020

Two new species of Lasionota Mannerheim, 1837 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) are described from the Patagonian steppes in the Aysén Region, Chile: L. (Arqueozodes) cidburmeisteri sp. nov. and L. (A.) aonikenk sp. nov. The subgenus Arqueozodes Moore, 1997
therefore contains tree species and a key to them is proposed.
High-throughput free surface electrospinning using solution reservoirs with different depths and its preparation mechanism study
Authors: Yin Jing , Ahmed Adnan , Xu Lan
Published: December 2020

This paper presented a self-made spherical section free surface electrospinning (SSFSE) using solution reservoirs with different depths for obtaining high-throughput production of nanofibers, and studied its preparation mechanism. The effects of the solution reservoir depth on the SSFSE process as well as the quality and yield of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers were investigated experimentally using high-speed camera, precise electronic balance and scanning electron microscopy, and were analyzed theoretically by response surface methodology (RSM) and numerical simulation. The values predicted by the established RSM model and the electric field simulation results obtained by Maxwell 3D were all consistent with the experimental data, which showed that the solution reservoir depth had little effects on the quality of PAN nanofibers, but had great effects on the yields of them. When the maximum depth of solution reservoir was 4.29 mm, the PAN nanofibers prepared have the best quality and the highest yields.
DETERMINATION OF THE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS' OPINIONS ABOUT CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) GLOBAL OUTBREAK
Authors: ŞENGÜN Gökhan , TOPTAŞ Veli
Published: December 2020

The rapid spread of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic has become a global threat. In this context, this study aimed to determine the university students' opinions about the COVID-19 global outbreak. The research was conducted on 344 university students from different universities in Turkey for the 2019-2020 academic year’s spring term. Within the scope of the research, literature, researches, and current publications on COVID-19 were examined. The scanning model was used because it aimed to describe the current situation as it is. In the study, the Questionnaire for Determining the Opinions of University Students on the COVID-19 Global Outbreak prepared by the researchers was used to collect data. Such research was needed due to the lack of sufficient research on university students' views on the COVID-19 global pandemic. As a result of the research, it was determined that university students have positive opinions as well as negative views about the COVID-19 global pandemic. 214 of the university students (62,2%) stated that they were worried about the epidemic, 277 (80,8%) were upset when they thought of COVID-19, and 287 (83.4%) stated that they found COVID-19 fatal. As a result of the research, approximately 92% of university students stated that they were affected by COVID-19. On the other hand, 12 (3,5%) of the participants stated that they were confident in the protection from COVID-19 and 332 (96,5%) were not confident. 16 of the participants (4.7%) stated that they were not psychologically affected by COVID-19, while 328 (95,3%) were psychologically affected. Of the university students, 158 (46,3%) were psychological, 140 (41,1%) sociologically, 28 (8,2%) economically and 18 (4,4%) They stated that they were affected by the direction. In this study, looking at the impact of COVID-19 on the family relationships of university students, 93 (27,2%) of the participants stated that it was negatively affected, 112 (32,7%) did not affect it, and 137 (40,1%) positively affected. Due to the strong family ties in Turkish culture, the negative impact is considered to be low As a result of this research, university students also stated that although they were negatively affected by the COVID-19 global pandemic, they also had positive aspects such as the development of family relationships.
COVID-19 SÜRECİNDE OKUL MÜDÜRLERİNİN TEKNOLOJİK LİDERLİĞİ
Authors: TURAN Selçuk
Published: December 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı, COVICOVIDD-19 sürecinde okul müdürlerinin teknolojik liderlik davranışlarını ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma, var olan bir durumu ortaya koymayı amaçlayan betimsel bir çalışmadır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, 2019-2020 eğitim-öğretim yılında Zonguldak il merkezi ile, Devrek ve Ereğli ilçelerinde ilkokul, ortaokul ve liselerde görev yapan 13 okul müdürü oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verileri, okul müdürleriyle yapılan yüz yüze görüşmelerle toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden içerik analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulguları, okul müdürlerinin COVID 19 sürecinde, eğitim teknolojileri yoluyla uzaktan eğitimi yönetirken müfredatın devamını sağlamayı, öğrencilerin okuldan kopmamalarını sağlamayı ve öğretmenlerin teknoloji konusunda mesleki gelişimlerini desteklemeyi amaçladıklarını göstermektedir. Araştırma bulguları ayrıca okul müdürlerinin, öğrencilerin teknolojik kaynaklara erişiminde eşitliği sağlamak için evinde interneti olmayan öğrencilere basılı kaynaklar sağladığını, teknolojik araç gereç temin ettiklerini, EBA kullanımı konusunda destek sağladıklarını göstermektedir.
A Graph-based Evolutionary Algorithm for Automated Machine Learning
Authors: Qi Fei , Xia Zhaohui , Tang Gaoyang , Yang Hang , Song Yu , Qian Guangrui , An Xiong , Lin Chunhuan , Shi Guangming
Published: December 2020

As an emerging field, Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) aims to reduce or eliminate manual operations that require expertise in machine learning. In this paper, a graph-based architecture is employed to represent flexible combinations of ML models, which provides a large searching space compared to tree-based and stacking-based architectures. Based on this, an evolutionary algorithm is proposed to search for the best architecture, where the mutation and heredity operators are the key for architecture evolution. With Bayesian hyper-parameter optimization, the proposed approach can automate the workflow of machine learning. On the PMLB dataset, the proposed approach shows the state-of-the-art performance compared with TPOT, Autostacker, and auto-sklearn. Some of the optimized models are with complex structures which are difficult to obtain in manual design.
Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Online untuk Berita dan Kegiatan Esports
Authors: Artahsasta Tirza , Andreas  , Junaedi Hartarto
Published: December 2020

Tema esports tidak asing lagi bagi dunia. Kegiatan bermain game yang awalnya hanya hiburan telah berkembang menjadi kompetisi hingga menjadi karir. Indonesia pun tidak tertinggal dan dapat bersaing dengan pemain dari seluruh dunia. Untuk dapat mencapai tahap itu tentu dibutuhkannya wadah pemain pemula untuk bertanding dan berlatih. Sangat jarang ditemui di Indonesia wadah untuk pemain menengah kebawah atau turnamen kecil yang menerima peserta dengan nama tim yang terkenal. Diharapkan dengan penelitian ini dapat menambah wadah untuk pemain pemula dan meningkatkan prestasi esports di Indonesia. Sistem ini dibuat untuk mengatasi kurangnya efisiensi dan efektivitas dalam pengiklanan, pendaftaran serta transaksi yang diperlukan untuk pengadaan event esports. Dalam sistem ini juga terdapat proses yang mengolah data agar pengguna lebih mudah memahami dan menganalisa. Mengurangi peluang penipuan transaksi dengan melakukan transaksi di dalam sistem yang diamatan langsung oleh admin serta alamat transaksi resmi yang dicantumkan pada sistem. Berdasarkan hasil uji coba yang dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan adanya sebuah aplikasi website esports dapat mempermudah penyampaian informasi kepada pelanggan dan alur pengiklanan, pendaftaran serta transaksi menjadi lebih teratur. Sistem ini memudahkan admin mengatur data berita serta data event yang akan diadakan, sedang berjalan dan sudah selesai. Selain itu dengan sistem pengolah data dapat juga memudahkan admin memantau aktifitas yang terjadi serta kondisi website dari waktu ke waktu.
A new species of the genus Parabitecta Hering, 1926 from Northern Vietnam and Southwestern China, with notes on the taxonomy of the genus Manulea Wallengren, 1872 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini)
Authors: Volynkin Anton V. , Saldaitis Aidas
Published: December 2020

The Lithosiina genus Parabitecta Hering, 1926 is re-described. A new species, Parabitecta secunda Volynkin & Saldaitis sp. nov. is described from Northern Vietnam and Southwestern China. The type species of the genus, Parabitecta flava Hering, 1926 is illustrated in details. The genus group name Setema de Freina & Witt, 1984 previously treated as the subgenus of Manulea Wallengren, 1863 is upgraded to the generic level.
Resenha à obra “Responsabilidade Civil por Dano Enorme”
Authors: Cavet Caroline Amadori
Published: December 2020

O livro é dividido em seis capítulos, iniciando a exposição sobre as diversas formulações éticas, âmago da responsabilidade, ao longo do tempo, e as noções gerais sobre a teoria da responsabilidade civil. Após essa contextualização histórica e doutrinária, narram-se as transformações socioeconômicas da sociedade contemporânea e seus desdobramentos na responsabilidade civil, com o surgimento do dano enorme, o que exige a busca por novas respostas.
ÇENGİNÂMEDEN TAŞANLAR: ENDERÛNLU FÂZIL’IN ŞARKILARINDA ÇENGİLER
Authors: BEYHAN Esra , YAZAR İlyas
Published: December 2020

18. yüzyılın Nedîm ve Sâbit çizgisine yakın görülen şairi Enderûnlu Fâzıl, kendi aşk maceralarını anlattığı Defter-i Aşk, kadınlar kitabı olarak nitelendirilen ve farklı milletlerden kadınların özelliklerinin anlatıldığı ve Osmanlı tarihinde toplatılmasıyla iz bırakan Zenannâme, 18. yüzyıl İstanbul'unun namlı köçeklerinin çeşitli vasıflarıyla anlatıldığı Çenginâme (Rakkasnâme) ve farklı milletlerden erkeklerin özelliklerinin anlatıldığı Hûbannâme eserleri yanında Divan Edebiyatı geleneği paralelinde, diğer eserlerine göre daha ağır başlı kaleme aldığı hacimli bir Divan'a sahiptir. Şairin eserleri içinde Divan, Defter-i Aşk ve Çenginâme’si kendi yaşantısından izler taşıdığı için ayrı bir yer tutmaktadır. Defter-i Aşk’ının Şehlevendim’i, Çenginâme’sinin Yasemen’i, Anton’u ve daha pek çok güzeli Divan’ının muhtelif manzumelerinde karşımıza çıkmakta hem şairin hem de İstanbul’un renkli yaşantısının izlerini taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmayla şairin Divan'ı ve Çenginâme'si ayrıntılı biçimde incelenerek betimsel bir araştırma yapılmış ve şairin Divan’ı ile Çenginâme’si arasında Fâzıl'ın şarkıları vasıtasıyla kurulan ilişkiyi ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır.
MODERN TRENDS IN THE TREATMENT OF FOCAL CARTILAGE DEFECTS OF THE KNEE
Authors: Egiazaryan K. A. , Lazishvili G. D. , Ratyev A. P. , Sirotin I. V. , But-Gusaim A. B. , Danilov M. A. , Shpak M. A.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the current trend of modern orthopedics – the surgical treatment of local full-thickness defects in the hyaline cartilage of the knee joint. This pathology is diagnosed in 5-10% of patients with diseases and injuries of the knee joint.Materials and methods: The authors of the article presented one of the most modern and available technologies for the restoration of cartilage defects – the technology of matrix-induced autochondrogenesis (AMIC – autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis). This operation technique was used in 63 patients. The article presents the indications and technique of surgery, considers possible errors, complications, criteria for evaluating treatment outcomes.Results: treatment outcomes in terms of up to 13 years were studied in 56 patients. Good treatment results were observed in 53 patients. In all cases, high-quality and regeneration of the cartilaginous surface of the femoral condyles was achieved.Conclusion: Analysis of the outcomes of treatment of patients after implantation of collagen membranes in various modifications allows the authors of the article to recommend this technique for widespread use in clinical practice.
Active Galactic Nucleus Ghosts: A Systematic Search for Faded Nuclei
Authors: Esparza-Arredondo Donaji , Osorio-Clavijo Natalia , González-Martín Omaira , Victoria-Ceballos César , Haro-Corzo Sinhué A. R. , Reyes-Amador Omar Ulises , López-Sánchez Jafet , Pasetto Alice
Published: December 2020

Physical processes such as reignition, enhancement, and fading of active galactic nuclei (AGN) are not entirely understood because the timeline of these events is expected to last many years. However, it is well known that the differences in the energy budget between AGN components, like the optical ionizing region and the mid-infrared (MIR) dust echoes, can be interpreted as a hint of AGN evolution. Here we present a catalog of 88 AGN candidates showing hints of the fading and rising of their activity in the nearby universe. We use AGN scaling relations to select them from an initial sample of 877 candidates using publicly available optical, X-ray, and MIR luminosities. We then use the multiwavelength information to discard sources contaminated with extranuclear emission and those with an X-ray luminosity not well corrected for absorption. We find that 96% of our candidates are fading sources. This result suggests a scenario where the universe had its peak of AGN activity somewhere in the past and is dominated by a fading phase at the present time. Alternatively, the fading phase is longer than the rising phase, which is consistent with galaxy merger simulations. Around 50% of these fading candidates are associated with merging or interacting systems. Finally, we also find the existence of jets in ∼30% of these candidates and that the preferred AGN dust geometry is torus-like instead of wind-like. Our results are compatible with the fading of nuclear activity, expected if they are in an inefficient state.
Legolas: A Modern Tool for Magnetohydrodynamic Spectroscopy
Authors: Claes Niels , Jonghe Jordi De , Keppens Rony
Published: December 2020

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) spectroscopy is central to many astrophysical disciplines, ranging from helio- to asteroseismology, over solar coronal (loop) seismology, to the study of waves and instabilities in jets, accretion disks, or solar/stellar atmospheres. MHD spectroscopy quantifies all linear (standing or traveling) wave modes, including overstable (i.e., growing) or damped modes, for a given configuration that achieves force and thermodynamic balance. Here, we present Legolas, a novel, open-source numerical code to calculate the full MHD spectrum of one-dimensional equilibria with flow, balancing pressure gradients, Lorentz forces, centrifugal effects, and gravity, and enriched with nonadiabatic aspects like radiative losses, thermal conduction, and resistivity. The governing equations use Fourier representations in the ignorable coordinates, and the set of linearized equations is discretized using finite elements in the important height or radial variation, handling Cartesian and cylindrical geometries using the same implementation. A weak Galerkin formulation results in a generalized (non-Hermitian) matrix eigenvalue problem, and linear algebraic algorithms calculate all eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors. We showcase a plethora of well-established results, ranging from p and g modes in magnetized, stratified atmospheres, over modes relevant for coronal loop seismology, thermal instabilities, and discrete overstable Alfvén modes related to solar prominences, to stability studies for astrophysical jet flows. We encounter (quasi-)Parker, (quasi-)interchange, current-driven, and Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities, as well as nonideal quasi-modes, resistive tearing modes, up to magnetothermal instabilities. The use of high resolution sheds new light on previously calculated spectra, revealing interesting spectral regions that have yet to be investigated.
Detection and annotation of plant organs from digitised herbarium scans using deep learning
Authors: Younis Sohaib , Schmidt Marco , Weiland Claus , Dressler Stefan , Seeger Bernhard , Hickler Thomas
Published: December 2020

As herbarium specimens are increasingly becoming digitised and accessible in online repositories, advanced computer vision techniques are being used to extract information from them. The presence of certain plant organs on herbarium sheets is useful information in various scientific contexts and automatic recognition of these organs will help mobilise such information. In our study, we use deep learning to detect plant organs on digitised herbarium specimens with Faster R-CNN. For our experiment, we manually annotated hundreds of herbarium scans with thousands of bounding boxes for six types of plant organs and used them for training and evaluating the plant organ detection model. The model worked particularly well on leaves and stems, while flowers were also present in large numbers in the sheets, but were not equally well recognised.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF REFURBISHMENT VERSUS DEMOLITION AND RECONSTRUCTION: A COMPARATIVE LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF AN ITALIAN CASE STUDY
Authors: Pittau Francesco , Giacomel Dayana , Iannaccone Giuliana , Malighetti Laura
Published: December 2020

In the building sector, new standards for energy efficiency are reducing the energy consumption and the carbon emissions for building operation to nearly zero. As a result, the greenhouse gas emissions and related environmental impacts from materials production, and especially insulation, are becoming key factors. In the near future, most of the building stock is expected to be refurbished and a great amount of construction materials will be consequently required. A relevant share of waste is generated from building construction and demolition and limiting the volume is a priority of the EU community. In this work the renovation of industrial buildings in a dismissed area located in Lecco, Italy, was considered as a case study. Five alternative construction systems (EPS, WOOD, ROCK, PU, HEMP) for renovating the building envelopes were assumed, and a life cycle assessment (LCA) adopted in order to measure the environmental impact of each alternative. The results were compared with a scenario which included demolition and reconstruction of a similar building with the same net volume and thermal resistance. The results showed that timber and concrete are the most environmentally friendly materials to rebuild the structures in case of demolition, contrary to steel which leads generally to higher environmental impacts, except land use. In general, EPS, WOOD and HEMP technological alternatives accounted for the highest scores, both in terms of burdens on the ecosystems and on depletion of resources, while ROCK accounted for the lowest scores. Finally, refurbishment scenarios generally accounted for a lower global warming potential (GWP) even if demolition, waste treatment and the benefit from recycling/reuse are taken into account.
LEED CERTIFICATION AND PATIENT WELLBEING IN GREEN HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
Authors: Golbazi Maryam , Aktas Can B.
Published: December 2020

Beyond resource efficiencies, green buildings aim to create healthy indoor environments for building occupants. In terms of improving occupant well-being, a unique case emerges for healthcare facilities, whose patients may be at a vulnerable state. In the U.S., the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system has become the most widely recognized certification system for green buildings, including green healthcare facilities and buildings. Hospitals with high total scores in the LEED rating system are green buildings but may not necessarily be the optimal green healthcare environment from a patient’s wellbeing perspective. Certified health-care facilities were analyzed in terms of their credit valuation to assess whether health-care facilities prioritize specific criteria that influence patient wellbeing and recovery time. Analysis of results indicate hospitals may be valuing the level of certification more than those credits that were deemed relevant for patient wellbeing and rate of recovery, either due to lack of information or due to economic constraints. To consolidate the previous results and to compare the performance of LEED certified green hospitals to the national average, the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) survey was analyzed for patients’ perspectives on the healthcare facility. Results indicate higher satisfaction in green hospitals’ overall patient care performance as well as a greater tendency to recommend green hospitals to others compared to the national average. No statistical significance was found for hospital cleanliness and quietness between green hospitals and the national average.

HIGHLIGHTS
L’église médiévale de Saint-Julien-de-Vouvantes
Authors: Lehuédé Thibaut
Published: December 2020

L’église médiévale de Saint-Julien-de-Vouvantes a été détruite à la fin du xixe siècle. De nombreux vestiges de cet édifice ont cependant été sauvegardés et permettent de réaliser une étude avancée sur les pratiques dévotionnelles de l’aristocratie bretonne de la fin du Moyen Âge qui fut le principal promoteur de cette église. Saint-Julien, grand site de pèlerinage des marches bretonnes, bénéficie en effet du patronage des Grands du duché ; ce qui explique la grande qualité d’exécution des pièces conservées. L’analyse des nombreux témoignages héraldiques laisse entrevoir une récupération du culte par les ducs de Bretagne, puis par le roi de France. Saint Julien se rattache effectivement aux saints guerriers, et donc à des enjeux politiques et nationaux, qui trouvent un écho particulier au sein de l’aristocratie bretonne. Il s’agit ici de dresser l’état des connaissances relatives à ce sanctuaire mal connu et de réévaluer son importance ; tout en essayant de dégager, à partir de l’étude de la sculpture et du vitrail, les différentes phases de la chronologie du site, de la fin du xive siècle au début du xvie siècle.
L’auberge et le cabaret comme forum marchand (Haut-Maine, xviiie siècle)
Authors: Musset Benoît
Published: December 2020

Les auberges de l’époque moderne ne sont pas que des débits de boissons ou des lieux de restauration. Les historiens ont montré depuis plusieurs années leur dimension sociale. Nous proposons d’examiner leur rôle structurant dans les circulations marchandes à partir de l’exemple du Maine au xviiie siècle. Tout d’abord, le réseau des auberges est très dense, avec une auberge (ou un cabaret) par village et un nombre élevé de ces établissements dans les bourgs et villes de marchés et de foires. Ces auberges servent de cadre aux activités marchandes : négociation des contrats, évaluation des marchandises, conclusion des marchés, mais aussi recherche d’informations sur les acheteurs ou les vendeurs, sur les prix, sur les denrées à vendre ou à acheter… Les auberges génèrent des affaires entre marchands de passage et aussi entre l’aubergiste (ou hôte) et ses clients. Ces acteurs marchands sont impliqués dans de nombreuses petites affaires comme acheteurs, vendeurs ou associés. Enfin, l’auberge est un lieu public où se font et se défont les affaires. C’est un lieu d’acculturation mais aussi de contrôle collectif de l’économie marchande, où se croisent et se surveillent des marchands, des artisans, des laboureurs, le plus souvent des hommes. En ce sens, elle est la scène d’un véritable théâtre marchand où chacun est invité à jouer un rôle, tour à tour acheteur, vendeur, mais aussi entremetteur, médiateur ou conseiller.
Réfugiés et diplomatie humanitaire
Authors: Kévonian Dzovinar
Published: December 2020

En quoi la mutation de la question des réfugiés au début du xxe siècle provoque-t-elle son entrée dans le champ des relations internationales ? En quoi peut-on alors parler des débuts d’une diplomatie humanitaire en temps de paix concernant les réfugiés ? Comment l’étude de la scène proche-orientale et des plans d’établissement de la Société des Nations dans les années vingt permet-elle de saisir sur le terrain la nature et les limites de cette diplomatie ? Voici quelques-unes des questions posées par cet ouvrage qui contribue à la socio-histoire des relations interna­tionales, fondée sur une approche pluridisciplinaire des migrations forcées au XXe siècle.Dans le Proche-Orient des années 1918-1923, les réfugiés en Glide, Syrie et Liban s’intègrent dans la politique orientale de la France comme éléments de la stratégie de guerre, puis des rivalités territoriales et enfin, après 1921, du jeu minoritaire. La mise en pratique des plans interna­tionaux d’établissement des réfugiés arméniens puis assyriens en Syrie et au Liban entre 1927 et 1938, l’intervention du Comité international de la Croix-Rouge lors de la révolte druze (1925-1926) permettent d’analyser les lignes de force qui traversent le réseau humanitaire européen. Plus généralement, la réflexion menée interroge la mutation qui affecte la question des réfugiés au lendemain de la Première Guerre mondiale : mouvements de masse, essor sans précédent de l’apatridie, dénationalisations forcées, dans un contexte marqué par la nationa­lisation des sociétés européennes et l’augmentation de l’intervention étatique.
La guerre nucléaire de Staline à Krouchtchev
Authors: Romer Jean-Christophe
Published: December 2020

L’apparition de l’arme nucléaire a provoqué une rupture épistémologique évidente dans la pensée militaire et a imposé aux puissances qui détenaient cette arme, l’acquisition d’une culture stratégique spécifique.A un moment où le discours stratégique subit, en URSS, une profonde mutation, il convenait de s’interroger sur les sources et le processus d’élaboration de la première doctrine stratégique soviétique de l’ère nucléaire. Cette stratégie s’est le plus souvent résumée à la doctrine élaborée par le maréchal Sokolovskij, au début des années soixante. Or, l’exposé d’une doctrine ne surgit pos du néant mais résulte d’un long cheminement, tenant compte de contraintes d’ordre de politique intérieure, internationale et de l’idéologie dominante, spécifiques de la société soviétique.En renversant un certain nombre d’idées reçues telles la représentativité du manuel de Sokolovskij ou la perception de la menace principale, le présent ouvrage étudie ce cheminement depuis l’explosion de la première bombe atomique jusqu’à l’entrée de l’URSS dans la logique du nucléaire.
Preliminary field notes on the ancient ceramics of Ladakh
Authors: Broglia de Moura Samara
Published: December 2020

Cet article vise à donner un bref aperçu de la recherche menée depuis 2015 sur les céramiques du Ladakh. Depuis cette date, des prospections et des études de la céramique ont été menées sur 60 sites archéologiques répartis dans cinq sous-régions du Ladakh : le Bas et Haut Ladakh, le Changthang, le Purig et le Zanskar. Cette recherche vise à démontrer les aspects diachroniques et synchroniques des céramiques du Ladakh, c’est-à-dire les changements de productions durant les différentes périodes et les relations matérielles et culturelles que le Ladakh a pu avoir avec ses voisins dans différents cadres chronologiques.
Triloknath revisited. Recent results from field research
Authors: Kozicz Gerald
Published: December 2020

The Triloknath temple of Tunde in the Chandrabhaga valley of Lahul holds a special position among the religious monuments of the western Himalayan region. It is a place of Buddhist and Hindu worship. This unusual co-existence of the two religious belief systems results from a two-fold identification of the main cult image as Avalokiteśvara or Śiva. The article will address this situation from an architectural perspective.
The Onpo Lhakhang of Sumur. Notes on the neglected Nyingmapa tradition of Nubra
Authors: Kozicz Gerald
Published: December 2020

For more than two hundred years, the Nubra valley of Ladakh has been pervaded by a socio-religious network that is related to the Nyingmapa tradition and existed beside the large-scale monastic system of the dominant Gelugpa. This system manifested itself in a two-fold manner. First, through a selected group of families whose members were “astrologers” (Tib. onpos) and sometimes also “traditional medical practitioners” (Tib. amchis). Second, the system took shape through a number of stupas which shared a specific iconographic topic: the “zhitro” mandala. In the center of the system was – and still is – the Onpo Lhakhang of Sumur.
Novel COVID-19 Mortality Rate Prediction (MRP) Model for India Using Regression Model With Optimized Hyperparameter
Authors: Dhamodharavadhani S.  , Rathipriya R.
Published: December 2020

The main objective of this study is to estimate the future COVID-19 mortality rate for India using COVID-19 mortality rate models from different countries. Here, the regression method with the optimal hyperparameter is used to build these models. In the literature, numerous mortality models for infectious diseases have been proposed, most of which predict future mortality by extending one or more disease-related attributes or parameters. But most of these models predict mortality rates from historical data. In this paper, the Gaussian process regression model with the optimal hyperparameter is used to develop the COVID-19 mortality rate prediction (MRP) model. Five different MRP models have been built for the U.S., Italy, Germany, Japan, and India. The results show that Germany has the lowest death rate in 2000 plus COVID-19 confirmed cases. Therefore, if India follows the strategy pursued by Germany, India will control the COVID-19 mortality rate even in the increase of confirmed cases.
Different administration methods of endostar combined with second-line chemotherapy in advanced malignancies
Authors: Chen Shaoping , Yang Jianmei , Gao Xin , Liu Qiang , Wang Xunguo , Guo Yanchun , Liu Ruibao , Wang Fang
Published: December 2020

Background:

This study aimed to compare the therapeutic efficacy and the side effects of different endostar administration methods in patients with advanced malignancy who underwent second-line chemotherapy.

Methods:

98 patients with advanced malignancies were divided into 2 groups based on the delivery methods of endostar, including drip intravenous administration of endostar (DE) group and continuous intravenous administration of endostar (CE) group. Response rate (RR), disease control rate (DCR), and quality of life (QOL) of the patients were examined to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy, and toxicity reactions were analyzed to evaluate the adverse effects.

Results:

Compared with the DE group, the therapeutic efficacy of CE has been slightly improved, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (P > 0.05). Additionally, no different incidence rate was observed in toxic reactions, including leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and hepatic function damage, between the DE and CE groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

In conclusion, no significant difference was observed between the traditional intravenous drip of endostar group and the intravenous drip followed by continuous pumping of endostar group in the patients with advanced malignancies.
Sequential chemotherapy after definitive radiotherapy in markedly elderly patients with advanced esophageal cancer
Authors: Watanabe Shigenobu , Ogino Ichiro , Kunisaki Chikara , Hata Masaharu
Published: December 2020

Background:

Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is the standard treatment for advanced esophageal cancer, but it may be more invasive in the elderly and definitive radiotherapy (RT) alone may be selected. This study assessed the significance of sequential chemoradiotherapy (SCRT) in elderly esophageal cancer patients.

Methods:

We reviewed 87 patients aged 75 years and older, who were treated using definitive radiotherapy without concurrent chemotherapy for esophageal cancer. A total dose ranging from 50.4 to 63 Gy (median, 58.8) was delivered to the primary lesion and the involved lymph nodes. This study compared patients who received SCRT with those who received RT alone among 40 patients with stage III or IVA cancer. Descriptive statistics were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and the generalized Wilcoxon test.

Results:

The total progression-free survival (TPFS), progression-free survival outside the irradiation field, and overall survival were significantly longer after SCRT (n = 15) than after definitive RT alone (n = 25; P = 0.0041 and 0.0098), whereas the progression-free survival in the irradiation field was not significantly different between the two groups. The TPFS was significantly shorter in patients who received RT alone than in those who received SCRT (P = 0.0372). There were no grade 4 or higher adverse events in the patients who received SCRT.

Conclusion:

SCRT was associated with a reduced relapse rate, suggesting that it should be considered for markedly elderly patients with advanced esophageal cancer.
The classification of hyperelliptic threefolds
Authors: Catanese Fabrizio , Demleitner Andreas
Published: December 2020

We complete the classification of hyperelliptic threefolds, describing in an elementary way the hyperelliptic threefolds with group

D_4

. These are algebraic and form an irreducible 2-dimensional family.
Improved bounds for the dimensions of planar distance sets
Authors: Shmerkin Pablo
Published: December 2020

We obtain new lower bounds on the Hausdorff dimension of distance sets and pinned distance sets of planar Borel sets of dimension slightly larger than

1

, improving recent estimates of Keleti and Shmerkin, and of Liu in this regime. In particular, we prove that if dim

_H(A) > 1

, then the set of distances spanned by points of

A

has Hausdorff dimension at least

40/57 > 0.7

and there are many

y\in A

such that the pinned distance set

\{ |x-y|\colon x\in A\}

has Hausdorff dimension at least

29/42

and lower box-counting dimension at least

40/57

. We use the approach and many results from the earlier work of Keleti and Shmerkin, but incorporate estimates from the recent work of Guth, Iosevich, Ou and Wang as additional input.
Improved Hardy and Hardy–Rellich type inequalities with Bessel pairs via factorizations
Authors: Duy Nguyen Tuan , Lam Nguyen , Triet Nguyen Anh
Published: December 2020

Using the factorizations of suitable operators, we establish several identities that give simple and direct understandings as well as provide the remainders and “virtual” optimizers of several the Hardy and Hardy–Rellich type inequalities.
The inverse sieve problem for algebraic varieties over global fields
Authors: Menconi Juan Manuel , Paredes Marcelo , Sasyk Román
Published: December 2020

Let

K

be a global field and let

Z

be a geometrically irreducible algebraic variety defined over

K

. We show that if a big set

S\subseteq Z

of rational points of bounded height occupies few residue classes modulo

\mathfrak{p}

for many prime ideals

\mathfrak{p}

, then a positive proportion of

S

must lie in the zero set of a polynomial of low degree that does not vanish at

Z

. This generalizes a result of Walsh who studied the case when

S\subseteq \{0,\ldots ,N\}^{d}

.
A note on almost maximal chain rings
Authors: Albrecht Ulrich , Santillán-Covarrubias Francisco Javier
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses maximal and almost maximal rings in a non-commutative setting. Annihilators ideals in chain rings and their relationship to the concept of self-injectivity are investigated. In particular, a two-sided chain ring is right self-injective if and only if it is right co-Hopfian and a left maximal ring. Finally, localizations of chain rings are discussed.
$\mathcal P_1$-covers over commutative rings
Authors: Bazzoni Silvana , Le Gros Giovanna
Published: December 2020

In this paper we consider the class

\mathcal P_1(R)

of modules of projective dimension at most one over a commutative ring

R

and we investigate when

\mathcal P_1(R)

is a covering class. More precisely, we investigate Enochs' Conjecture, that is the question of whether

\mathcal P_1(R)

is covering necessarily implies that

\mathcal P_1(R)

is closed under direct limits. We answer the question affirmatively in the case of a commutative semihereditary ring

R

. This gives an example of a cotorsion pair

(\mathcal P_1(R), \mathcal P_1(R)^\perp)

which is not necessarily of finite type such that

\mathcal P_1(R)

satisfies Enochs' Conjecture. Moreover, we describe the class

\varinjlim \mathcal P_1(R)

over (not necessarily commutative) rings which admit a classical ring of quotients.
A mixed version for a Fuchs’ Lemma
Authors: Breaz Simion
Published: December 2020

We prove a version for mixed groups for a Fuchs’ result about connections between the cancellation property of a group and the unit lifting property of its (Walk-)endomorphism rings.
$\aleph_k$-free cogenerators
Authors: Dugas Manfred , Herden Daniel , Shelah Saharon
Published: December 2020

We prove in ZFC that an abelian group

C

is cotorsion if and only if Ext

(F,C) = 0

for every

\aleph_k

-free group

F

, and discuss some consequences and related results. This short note includes a condensed overview of the

\bar\lambda

-Black Box for

\aleph_k

-free constructions in ZFC.
A matrix description for torsion free abelian groups of finite rank
Authors: Fomin Alexander A.
Published: December 2020

We describe torsion free abelian groups of finite rank applying matrices with polyadic entries. This description can be considered as a modification of the classic description by A. I. Mal'cev.
On a new cotorsion pair
Authors: Fuchs László , Lee Sang Bum
Published: December 2020

In cotorsion theories, the cotorsion pairs

\mathcal {SF,MC}

of strongly flat and Matlis-cotorsion modules, and

(\mathcal {F,EC})

of flat and Enochs-cotorsion modules play important roles.We introduce a new cotorsion pair that in general lies properly between these two (in the partial order generally accepted for cotorsion pairs), and discuss its properties over commutative rings. In particular, we characterize the commutative rings over which this is a perfect cotorsion pair. Our results may shed more light on the relation between the two old cotorsion pairs.
The ideal theory of intersections of prime divisors dominating a normal Noetherian local domain of dimension two
Authors: Heinzer William , Olberding Bruce
Published: December 2020

Let

R

be a normal Noetherian local domain of Krull dimension two. We examine intersections of rank one discrete valuation rings that birationally dominate

R

. We restrict to the class of prime divisors that dominate

R

and show that if a collection of such prime divisors is taken below a certain “level,” then the intersection is an almost Dedekind domain having the property that every nonzero ideal can be represented uniquely as an irredundant intersection of powers of maximal ideals.
Free subgroups with torsion quotients and profinite subgroups with torus quotients
Authors: Lewis Wayne , Loth Peter , Mader Adolf
Published: December 2020

Here “group” means abelian group. Compact connected groups contain

\delta

-subgroups, that is, compact totally disconnected subgroups with torus quotients, which are essential ingredients in the important Resolution Theorem, a description of compact groups. Dually, full free subgroups of discrete torsion-free groups of finite rank are studied in order to obtain a comprehensive picture of the abundance of

\delta

-subgroups of a protorus. Associated concepts are also considered.
Quasibases for nonseparable $p$-groups
Authors: Mutzbauer Otto , Toubassi Elias , Vodopivec Andrija
Published: December 2020

This paper is an extension of the work developed in [4] on quasibases of abelian

p

-groups and based on the doctoral dissertation ofAndrija Vodopivec [5].We introduce the ideas of a

\delta

-combination and height of an inductive quasibasis and show that the height of a quasibasis is invariant for related inductive quasibases. Moreover, an abelian

p

-group is separable if and only if the heights of all

\delta

-combinations are zero. Finally, we show that an abelian

p

-group is not reduced if and only if there exists a

\delta

-combination with infinite height.
Linear forms in a playful universe
Authors: Wald Burkhard
Published: December 2020

Instead of the axiom of choice, we assume that every set of reals has the Baire property. It is shown that under this condition the concept of slenderness known from the theory of abelian groups becomes meaningful for vector spaces.
Iterated blowups of two-dimensional regular local rings
Authors: Wiegand Roger , Wiegand Sylvia
Published: December 2020

We explore sequences of iterated blowups of two-dimensional regular local rings. Classical results of Zariski and Abhyankar show that the directed union of blowups of this type is a valuation ring.We show that the value group of such a valuation ring is determined by the irrational number

\gamma

that is the value of an infinite continued fraction associated to the sequence of blowups.
Antibiotics resistance in Sub Saharan Africa; literature review from 2010 – 2017
Authors: Balala A. , Huong T.G. , Fenwick S.G.
Published: December 2020

Antibiotics saves millions of lives in human and animal from bacterial infections, but resistance has been occurred and spreading borderless which pose health and economic problems. This study aimed to describe epidemiology (prevalence) of antibiotic resistant bacteria in human and animals and describing risk factors with strategic control efforts in Sub-Sahara Africa countries. Total 72 articles published from 2010 to 2017 were reviewed which reported on bacterium resistance to commonly-used antibiotics of different groups. Majority of isolated bacteria were highly resistant to b-lactams, Tetracycline and Sulphonamide, moderate resistant to Gentamycine and Aminoglycoside with low resistant to cephalosporin and quinolones for bacteria isolated from human while isolates from animal have high resistance to majority of antibiotic. High antibiotic resistant was associated by presence of weak/no regulation and irrational antibiotics use in Animal and Human health system, despite there is paucity of published data from central and southern African countries, lack of data sharing among laboratories and presence of few initiatives on control strategies of antimicrobial resistance while most of them are faced by resource limitations (skilled personnel, Equipments and Fund allocation). This study recommend that awareness on rational antibiotic use must be created, strong regulation to limit accessibility of antibiotics over the counter prescription, strengthening laboratory based diagnosis and surveillance, Infection control and prevention in hospitals with strong biosafety and biosecurity in animal farms are crucial. Adoption of “One Health Approach” is very important through multisectoral involvement, information sharing and networking.
Foreword
Authors: Kambarage D.M.
Published: December 2020

Tanzania Veterinary Association, hereby commonly referred to as TVA has been organising scientific conferences on annual basis ever since 1983. The three-day and theme-guided annual scientific conferences often provide unique opportunities for professionals to be updated about scientific or technological advancements; able to share experiences and make useful  recommendations to the ministry and stakeholders.  Of recent, TVA has recognized the unique importance of One Health (OH) approaches in surveillance and mitigation of public health risks, notably infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance.   OH approaches are premised on the fact that between 60-80% of public health risks have sources in animals. Other public health risks emanate from foods of crop origin and poor agricultural husbandry practices.  Environmental pollution is also key to human health and broadly ecosystem health. These inter-linkages thereby call for close collaboration between human, animal, plant and environmental health systems in safeguarding the health of mankind and the ecosystem.