bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Preliminary Survey of Amphibians and Reptiles in around Gulbarga University Campus, Karnataka, India
Authors: Jadesh Murali , Kamble Parshuram , Manjunath K. , Ravikiran K. , Padashetty Sharanappa
Published: October 2022

The study involves survey of amphibian and reptile in and around Gulbarga University Campus. Survey was conducted from Jan 2012 to March 2013. The survey methods involved careful visual estimation of amphibians and reptilian in all the possible habitats present in the study area. The objective of the study included evaluate of species composition, relative abundance and distribution of amphibian and reptile of the chosen area. During survey a total of 16 species of herpetofauna identified belonging to 12 families, which includes 9 species of snakes, 4 species amphibians, 3 species of lizards
Bioaccumulation of Cadmium and Lead in the Muscle Tissue of Mullus barbatus in Skikda and Jijel Bays Eastern Algeria
Authors: Atoui Sofiane , Djerrou Zouhir , Boughrira Abdelhak , Kada Mohamed
Published: October 2022

The bays of Skikda and Jijel present an ecosystem of great biological diversity and a significant economic interest (fishing and trading ports, industrial zones and tourism). They are threatened by the inputs of industrial effluents that are loaded with different substances, especially heavy metals. These pollutants have the distinction of being toxic and non-biodegradable, they accumulate in the different levels of the food chain which represents a danger for human health. The present work aimed to evaluate the impact of metal pollution in both bays via the study of the bioaccumulation of heavy metals namely, cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in red mullet Mullusbarbatus Linnaeus, 1758. Forty two (42) fish samples were obtained from 4 sites, 2 from bays of Skikda and 2 from bays of Jijel. After preparation, lyophilisation and mineralisation, samples were analysed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) for detection of Cd and Pb concentrations in µg/g of dry weights. Lead has reached the values of 141.666±5.238 and 89±3.464 µg/g in Skikda sites and 20±1.527 and 10±0.577 µg/g in Jijel sites, while Cd has reached 0.76±0.023 and 0.3±0.011 µg/g in Skikda, with lowest values in Jijel 0.116±0.008 and 0.1±0.005 µg/g. The highest levels were recorded in the areas that are subject to anthropogenic pollution, namely the port areas and the oil industry (Skikda bays). While the low concentrations were found in less polluted areas like Jijel bays. The results obtained in this study are alarming and reflect significant level of pollution especially in the bays of Skikda. Preventive and remedial measures and awareness raising are needed.
First Report of the Earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus (Müller, 1857) from Punjab, India
Authors: Singh Sharanpreet , Singh Jaswinder , Sharma Ayushi , Vig Adarsh Pal , Ahmed Shakoor
Published: October 2022

The earthwormPontoscolex corethrurus(Müller, 1857) is reported for the first time from Punjab, India. This species was first described by German naturalist Fritz Müller in 1857 from Santa Catarina state of Brazil. It is commonly found in gardens, cropland and fallowlands. It tolerates wide range of climatic and edaphic factors due to its endogeic ecological category.P. corethrurushas high efficiency for organic matter assimilation and has ability to live in new habitat due to which it can survive even in very poor soil. The life cycle of this species is well documented and this species has economic importance due to its use in waste management.
Integrated Usage of Farm Yard Manure and Urea Improves Wheat Yield and Soil Properties
Authors: Khan Shahbaz , Mazhar Syed Adnan , Irshad Soahil , Nawaz Muhammad , Bashir Saqib , Saddiq Muhammad Sohail , Bushkh Ali
Published: October 2022

Optimum usage of fertilizers is an important factor that defines the fate of crop yield by confirming the accessibility of nutrients in soil. Imbalance use of fertilizer not only reduces the crop productivity but also adversely affects the soil properties. A one-year experiment was carried out to explore the impact of different levels of farm yard manure and urea on soil properties, growth and yield of wheat crop. Treatments were application of nitrogen at i) 125 kg ha-1 from urea, ii) 80 kg ha-1 of nitrogen from urea + 10 tons of farm yard manure ha-1 and iii) 20 tons of farm yard manure ha-1. Wheat cultivar Sehar-2006 was used in the experiment. All the treatments’ combination affected crop growth, economic yield and soil properties. However, maximum positive impact of combined use of farm yard manure and urea was observed. Results indicated that productive tillers per unit area (16%), plant height, number of spikelets per spike (12.5%) and economical yield (11%) were greatly enhanced by combined usage of urea and farm yard manure as compared to sole application of urea. Combined application of urea and farm yard manure also positively affected the soil bulk density, particle density, percent porosity and soil saturated hydraulic conductivity as compared to either sole use of urea or farm yard manure. Combined usage of farm yard manure and urea are suggested better to produce higher economical yield along with improved soil properties.
Roof Runoff Water as Source of Pollution: A Case Study of Some Selected Roofs in Orlu Metropolis, Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Ibe Francis Chizoruo , Ibe Bridget Onyekachi
Published: October 2022

Samples collected from different runoffs; AR, GMR, TR, ASR, and DR for aluminum roof, galvanized metal roof, thatch roof, asbestos roof and ambient rainfall respectively were analyzed for pH, conductivity, turbidity, TDS, TSS, NO3-, PO43-, Cd, Cu, Fe, Zn and Pb. The result indicates that the mean concentration of the parameters analyzed ranged from 5.8± 0.39 –7.10±0.70, 22.25±11.70-79.99± 3.40μScm-1, 1.47±0.43 - 46.53±1.60mg/l, 11.90±0.93 - 59.83±1.62NTU,15.53±0.70 - 204.53±5.08mg/l, 0.93±0.06 - 2.55±0.13 mg/l, 1.33±0.22 - 7.30±0.57mg/l respectively for pH, conductivity, TDS, turbidity, TSS, PO43- and NO3-, and the levels of the heavy metals (in mg/l); Cd, Cu, Fe, Zn and Pb ranged from 0.0023±0.001– 0.0521±0.004, 0.052±0.01–0.2483±0.02, 0.0348±0.01–1.1120±0.07, 0.0161±0.01-0.8093±0.02 and 0.0106±0.01-0.0499±0.002 respectively. Ranking of the heavy metal in roof runoff is in the order; Fe>Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb. The result compared with WHO standard showed elevated level of the parameters analyzed with Cd and Pb exceeding the limit. Though the result of this study showed some variability which is an indication of the type of roofing material; air quality of the environment and industrial activity going on in the area. It could be deduced from the result that roof runoff may be a non point source of environmental pollution owning to the release of heavy metals and other pollutants into the environment, and increased concentration of some of the pollutants as reported by this study suggests that roof runoff water could impact negatively to the environment and if consumed without being treated may be injurious to human health.
Information and Communication Technology: A Variable Tool for Mitigating Climate Change and Improving Crop Production
Authors: Magawata Dahiru
Published: October 2022

Climate change is widely rec ognized as one of the most complex challenges that humankind has to face in the next decades. As agriculture is likely to suffer the biggest impacts, sound adaptation processes are required to sustain agricultural production and food system as a whole. IPCC, the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change, stressed the ability of decision-makers to manage information as an important factor determining the chance for a community to adapt to climate change. We all know that information and communications technologies (ICTs) have revolutionized our world. ICTs are also very vital to confronting the problems we face as a planet the threat of climate change. Indeed ICTs are part of the solution. Already these technologies are being used to cut emissions and help countries adapt to the effects of climate change. This is one of the reasons why the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) can play an important role in this challenge
Gamma Radiation Treated Chitosan Solution for Strawberry Preservation: Physico-Chemical Properties and Sensory Evaluation
Authors: Jesmin Sakila , Al-Jubayer Abdullah , bin Eusuf Saad , Kamal A.H.M. , Islam Jahid M.M. , Ferdoush Farzana , Kabir Shariff E. , Khan Mubarak A.
Published: October 2022

The research was designed to extend shelf life of stored strawberry by bioactive chitosan coating. Strawberry fruits were dipped for 2 min in different concentration of irradiated chitosan (300, 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm) solution which were subjected to different gamma radiation doses (30, 40, 50 and 60 kGy) while uncoated fruits were served as control. Samples were packed in zip bags and stored in 4°C and kept for observation. Fruits treated with 50 kGy irradiated chitosan at 1500 ppm concentration showed significant delays in the change of weight loss, decay percentage, pH, and ascorbic acid content as compared with the uncoated control fruits. Samples stored in 4°C and packed in zip bags showed an increased shelf life up to 21 days whereas control samples with same condition could maintain edible quality only up to 3 days. Compared to the controls, all coating formulations had positive effect on the inhibition of cell wall degrading enzymes. These findings suggest that the use of irradiated chitosan coatings can be very useful for extending the shelf-life and maintaining quality of strawberry fruit.
Thermal Analytical Characteristics by TGA-DTA-DSC Analysis of Carica papaya Leaves from Kachchh
Authors: Ram Vijay R. , Ram Pravin N. , Khatri Taslimahemad T. , Vyas Suhas J. , Dave Pragnesh N.
Published: October 2022

An experimental study on Carica papaya leaves was carried out in Thermo gravimetric analyzer (TGA), Differential Thermal Analyzer (DTA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC) analyzer to investigate the effects of reaction atmosphere on thermal chemical characteristics. Experimental results show that In DSC curve, Endothermic peak at 101 °C is attributed to dehydration/Water loss from surface and pores of the powder sample. Step at 215 °C is associated with second order phase transition such as Glass Transition and it should be further confirmed in second heating (During heat- cool- heat cycle). Endothermic peak at 336 °C is associated protease thermal decomposition /Beta Cyclodextrin breakdown. In the TGA Curve, The initial 4 % weight loss is due to water loss from surface/pores of powder sample. Second weight loss between 200-450 °C is associated to degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose.
Reproductive Features of Roach, Bream and Common Carp of Zaporozhian (Dnipro) Reservoir in Contemporary Environmental Conditions
Authors: Marenkov Oleh
Published: October 2022

Over the past 50 years, the complete histological study of carp fish gonads was first carried out at Zaporozhian Reservoir. In conditions of environmental transformation of the reservoir the regularities of oogenesis and gonadogenesis, passing sexual cycles were found and the ecology of spawning carp fish was investigated. The adaptive potential of the carp fish reproductive systems, which is expressed through the asynchrony of reproductive products development as well as the functional peculiarities of the fish spawning process, was brought to light. Both environmental assessment and faunal analysis of biodiversity and distribution of young fish of Zaporozhian Reservoir were carried out. The growth and development of the fish larvae dwelling within the industrial agglomerations of Dnipropetrovsk city are found to be under anthropogenic influence. The efficiency of the use of artificial spawning nests for the carp fish spawning was studied, and practical recommendations for their installation and operation in the waters of the reservoir were elaborated.
Microbiological Assessment of Abattoir Effluent on Water Quality of River Katsina-Ala, Nigeria
Authors: Addy Vershima Jose , Kabough Terkimbi Jonathan , Mohammed Haruna K. , Aliyu Ibrahim
Published: October 2022

Gram-negative bacteria isolated from the abattoir effluent on surface water of River Katsina-ala in rainy and dry seasons were Escherichia coli; Klebsiella spp; Proteus vulgaris; Salmonella typhi and Gram-positive bacterium isolated was Streptococcus faecalis. In rainy season, the lowest mean bacterial count was from E.coli (0.0067+0.031 CFU/ml) and highest mean bacterial count from Salmonella typhi (0.0262+0.0079 CFU/ml). In the dry season, lowest mean bacterial count was from Proteus vulgaris (0.0081+ 0.0047 CFU/ml) and the highest from Streptococcus faecalis (0.0097+ 0.05 CFU/ml). The presence of Escherichia coli indicates possible faecal contamination. The results revealed that bacterial load was within the accepted maximum limit by WHO (2004); nevertheless, the disease causing bacteria pose threat to human health when water from the river is consumed without treatment.Keywords: microbiological; abattoir; water quality; effluent; River Katsina-ala
Seasonal and Annual Probabilistic Forecasting of Water Levels in Large Lakes (Case Study of the Ladoga Lake)
Authors: Myakisheva Natalia V. , Gaidukova Ekaterina V. , Shanochkin Sergei V. , Batmazova Anna A.
Published: October 2022

The production functions of water-dependent sectors of the economy can include the water level in the lake as a natural resource. This characteristic must be able to reliably predict for the effective functioning of sectors of the economy. In the article the main attention is paid to the methods of forecasting based on the extrapolation of natural variations of the large lakes water level. As an example, is considered. In this paper, it is assumed that the level varies accordingly to a stochastic multi-cycle process with principal energy-containing zones in frequency bands associated with seasonal and multi-annual variations. Hence, the multi-year monthly and yearly averaged time series are represented by the ARIMA (auto-regression integrated moving average) processes. Forecasts are generated by using of the seasonal ARIMA-models, which take into account not only the seasonal but also the evolution non-stationarity. To compare the forecasts and the actual values, the relative errors are computed. It is shown that implementation of the models mainly allows receiving good and excellent forecasts. Subject Classification Numbers: UDC 556.555.2.06(4)
Pharmacognostical and Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of the Leaf Extract of Jasminum auriculatum Vahl
Authors: Gowdhami T. , Rajalakshmi A.K. , Sugumar N.
Published: October 2022

Jasminum
auriculatum belonging to the family Oleaceae are reported to have good medicinal values in traditional system of medicines. The present study deals with pharmacognostical examination of morphological and microscopical characters and phytochemical investigations of Jasminumauriculatum leaves including determination of loss on drying, ash values and extractive values. The preliminary phytochemical screening of powdered drug was also carried out, the qualitative chemical examinations revealed the presence of various phytoconstituents like alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, saponins, carbohydrates, Glycosides, protein, mucilages, phenols ,tannins and flavonoids.
Antibacterial Activity of Extracts of Leaves of Nerium indicum in Combination with Antibiotics
Authors: Vyas Piyush , Suthar Arvind , Joshi Deepkumar
Published: October 2022

Methanol and ethanol extract showed antibacterial activity in range of 0-11 at 10 mg/mL at against all tested bacterial species. Methanol extract with amoxicillin exhibited effective inhibition E. coli. This combination showed antagonistic effect against B. subtilis and S. aureus. Interaction of ethanol extract with amoxicillin also showed effective inhibition against E. coli and decreased activity against B. subtilis and S. aureus.Methanol extract did not show inhibition against P. aeruginosa but it enhanced activity of ciprofloxacin on combination. Ethanol extract also exhibited effective inhibition against P. aeruginosa on combination with ciprofloxacin. But antagonist effect was observed on interaction of both extract with ciprofloxacin against other bacterial species.Interaction of methanol and ceftazidime showed mostly decreased or indifferent effect against all bacterial species. Ethanol extract with ceftazidime resulted in higher inhibition against E. coli. Combination of methanol extract with erythromycin showed higher inhibition against E. coli and also very effective inhibition against S. aureus. This combination resulted in decreased activity against B. subtilis. Ethanol extract with erythromycin also showed synergistic effect against S. aureus and effective inhibition against E. coli. These results indicate that both methanol and ethanol extract has potential to enhance the combination effect with erythromycin against S. aureus and E. coli.
Implications of Global Warming on Changing Trends in Crop Productivity - A Review
Authors: Banerjee Shamayita , Banerjee Priya , Mukhopadhyay Aniruddha
Published: October 2022

Evidence of changes in weather parameters like ambient temperature, precipitation, wind flow, etc., are prominently visible across the world. These changes have been reported to effect global crop yield. This review compiles both direct and indirect effects of climate change on global crop productivity with highlights on existing local and global scenarios. As a conclusion, it may be stated that thorough understanding of agricultural techniques and analysis of global change factors is highly essential for achieving sustainable agricultural yield over the upcoming years
Pharmacogistic Studies on Root of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis
Authors: Sivaranjani R. , Ramakrishnan K. , Bhuvaneswari G.
Published: October 2022

The present study reveals the pharmacognostic studies root of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L) Vahl. The objectives of the present work comprises of collection, identification, macroscopical, Ph of aqueous solution, soluble ash, alcohol soluble extractive, flouresence analysis of root. The root section was taken and microscopical studies were carried out, the root shows derived from the cork, the periderm tissue is formed, which replaces the epidermis in the outer layer. The next tissue identified inwards was the cortex. Sclerenchyma was seen as a ring in the roots, while as a group, formed from a group of cells, in the mature ones. In the middle, xylem tissue occupies a large area, just below the phloem tissue.
Nutrition Physiology of Juveniles Individuals of Pumpkinseed  Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Samara Bay (Ukraine)
Authors: Nesterenko O.S. , Marenkov Oleg M. , Pylypenko Ye.S.
Published: October 2022

The article presents the results of studies physiology of nutrition of juveniles individuals of pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Zaporizhzhia (Dnipro) reservoir. histological structure, morphometric parameters of digestive system and nutrition biology were investigated. The material for work were collected during scientific research in June-July 2016–2017. The ichthyological sampling was carried out in the Samara Bay of the Zaporizhzhia (Dnipro) reservoir. Researches of structure of digestive system were conducted using histological methods, researches of nutrition were conducted using ichthyological and hydrobiological methods The height of the intestinal epithelium of the pumpkinseed`s juveniles varies from 15.5 microns to 51.9 microns and on average is 32.59 ± 9.03 microns, the area of secretory goblet cells of the intestine reaches 198.61 ± 36.55 μm2. It was revealed that the pumkinseed’s juveniles only feed on phytoplankton. Research results can be useful for further study on the fish nutrition, especially sexual matured. Also, nutrition studies can help to find biomeliorative methods to combat the pumpkinseed, because the species is in competition with industrially valuable species of fish for fodder.
Zooplankton of Mokraya Sura River
Authors: Yakovenko Vladymir , Fedonenko Elena
Published: October 2022

Structural and functional characteristics of zooplankton as well as the results of biotesting were researched to indicate the ecological status of Mokraya Sura river sites. Zooplankton sampling was performed at the sites of Mokraya Sura river in autumn 2014 and in spring 2015. Species composition and abundance of zooplankton showed that zooplankton is most depressed at the upper sites of the river due to joint effect of slime accumulation eutrophication and industrial sewage. Biotesting results estimated water quality of the site near aeration plant sewage emergency discharge as most polluted of the river sites where large abundance and biomass of zooplankton were created mostly by planktonic rotifers. Large figures of filter-seeding crustaceans as well as low saprobity index indicate improvement in water quality at the sites 3 km and 2 km upstream from the river mouth.
Anti-Dermatophytic Activity of Garlic (Allium sativum) Extracts on some Dermatophytic Fungi
Authors: Mercy Kanu Anulika , Ijeoma Ihekwumere , Emmanuel Kalu Jonah
Published: October 2022

Dermatophytic infection is a common infection that constitutes public health problem among children. Anti dermatophytic activity of aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of garlic (Allium sativum) was investigated against isolates of dermatophytic fungi obtained from sixty primary school children in Aba. The well in agar diffusion technique was used to determine the sensitivity patterns of the test organisms. The results were compared with the activity of a known antifungal drug nystatin. The isolates included Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton verrucosum and Epidermophyton floccosum. The result of the antifungal activity of garlic showed high but varied levels of antifungal effectiveness on the different species of the dermatophytes at four different concentrations of 12.5 %, 25 %, 50 % and 100 % used. T. rubrum was the most susceptible followed by M. gypseum, T. mentagrophytes, T. verrucosum and E. floccosum respectivey. The diameter zones of inhibition exhibited by the extracts against test fungal species ranged between 4.50 mm and 30.67 mm. Further purification and extraction of active principle of garlic would give an antidermatophytic activity comparable to standard antifungal drugs
Characterization of Conventional Cooking Stoves in South Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Bello R.S. , Onilude M.A.
Published: October 2022

Performance characterization of some selected conventional cook stoves in South Eastern Nigeria had been carried out. Three conventional cook stoves (3-stone stove, charcoal stove and sawdust stove) were selected and evaluated. Their performances were compared with those of improved stove. The results show that the time spent in cooking 1 Kg of rice/(yam) is significantly different in all the conventional stoves under test; (maximum 0.75 (0.44) kg/hr for 3-stone stove and minimum 0.61 (0.35) hr/kg for charcoal). Fuel utilization also differs for instance lesser quantity of charcoal would be required to cook the same quantity of food on the charcoal stove than the open fire stove. Also the specific fuel consumption value of charcoal stove is lesser than all other stoves. The 3-stone stove have higher specific fuel consumption values indicative of more fuel consumption but lower thermal efficiency. This indicates a poor performance when compared to other improved stoves such as kerosene stove with higher thermal efficiency of 64.38 %.
Time-Dependent Model to Mimic Acetylcholine Induced Vasodilatation in Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Sahrawat Tammanna R. , Chatterjee Deepyan
Published: October 2022

Computational approaches for spatial modeling of dynamics of the intercellular distribution of molecules can parse, simplify, classify and organize the spatiotemporal richness of any biochemical pathway and demonstrate its impact on the cells function by simply coupling it with the downstream effecters. One such online system biology modeling package is Virtual cell that provides a unique open source software and it’s used for making mathematical models to simulate the cytoplasmic control of molecule that interact to produce certain cellular behavior. In our present study, a spatial model for time dependent acetylcholine induced relaxation of vascular endothelial cells lining the lumen of blood vessel that regulate the contractility of the arteries was generated. The time-dependent action of neurotransmitter acetylcholine for total time period for 1 second was studied on the endothelial cell at an interval of every 0.05 seconds. Such time simulated spatial models may be useful for testing and developing new hypotheses, interpretation of results and understand the dynamic behavior of cells.
Influence of GA3 and IAA and their Frequency of Application on Seed Germination and Seedling Quality Characters
Authors: Subash M. , Rafath Haseena , Lalitha J.
Published: October 2022

Effect of plant growth regulators on seed germination and seedling characters in terms of root length and shoot length. The seeds of sesame variety TVM – 1 were treated with different concentration of gibberlic acid (1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 mg/l) and indole acetic acid (1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 mg/l). From the results, it was observed that the GA3 and IAA at 2.0mg/l had regulatory effect on seed germination and seedling characters. Maximum germination, root length and shoot length was observed at 2.0mg/l in GA3 and 2.0mg/l in IAA than control. And GA3 at 2.0gm/l was found to be more efficient to modify seed germination and seedling characters when compared to IAA and control.
A Comparison of Phytotoxic Potential among the Crude Extracts from Parthenium hysterophorus L. Extracted with Solvents of Increasing Polarity
Authors: Pati Ujjal Kumar , Chowdhury Ashim
Published: October 2022

There is a worldwide search for the safe, effective and eco-friendly compounds of plant origin to combat the weed species and other pests which are responsible for the great impact on the growth and productivity of agricultural crops. In this present study, a comparison was made to evaluate the phytotoxicity potential of sequentially extracted solvent (hexane, ethyl-acetate, methanol) extracts of Parthenium hysterophorus L. (aerial parts) in vitro through bench-top seed germination assay (Vigna radiata L.). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) were done for statistical analysis of the data. The study reveals that germination, growth and vigour was significantly (P<0.05) reduced by ethyl-acetate and methanol extracts. The present study concluded that phytotoxicity of ethylacetate and methanolic crude extracts of Parthenium hysterophorus could be exploited as potential bioherbicide for future weed management programme and the development of bioherbicide for commercial use.
Sexual Dimorphism of Flathead Mullet (Mugil cephalus) from Northern Mindanao Rivers Using Geometric Morphometric Analysis
Authors: Silos Rose Ann , Hernando Brent Joy , Juario Juzavil , Patiño Sheryl , Casas Princess Angelie , D’Zeim Arreza Jazzie , Responte Angelo , Vedra Sonnie A.
Published: October 2022

Sexual dimorphism is biologically important for determining the morphological traits of marine species. Flathead mullet (Mugilcephalus) was examined based on the patterns of sexual dimorphism from the two rivers in Northern Mindanao. The samples were collected from Cagayan de Oro River and Mandulog River to investigate phenotypic divergence and sexual dimorphism in two different populations of wild-caught M. cephalus using geometric morphology based on landmark basis. A total of 17 landmarks were identified to describe the left and right body shapes of the specimen using the TpsRelw (version 1) to obtain the warp scores of each population. Results of the Relative Warp Analysis show no significant variation in the body shape within the sexes in the respective sampling sites. Results of the discriminant function analysis (DFA) show that in Cagayan de Oro River there is no significant variation in the body shape of mullets between sexes suggesting no sexual dimorphism in the flathead mullets in Cagayan de Oro River. In contrast , Discriminant Function Analysis show that there is significant variation in body shape between sexes in Mandulog River in Iligan City suggesting presence of sexual dimorphism in the area which can be due to the presence of abundant and highly diverse predator species in Mandulog River. Sexual dimorphosm can be used by fishes as an adaptive mechanism to maximize predator-escape performance and survival capacity. Furthermore, there is a significant shape variation between populations of mullets in Cagayan de Oro and Mandulog River which can be interpreted as due to geographic isolation which serves as physical barrier on the gene pool. In conclusion, many factors could account for variation in body shape of Mugilcephalus including predation and biogeographical barriers.
Ethno Medicinal Value of Plants in Thanjavur District, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Jayakumar Kaliyamoorthy
Published: October 2022

The present investigation has been carried out to find the ethno medicinal value of plants in Thanjuvur District of Tamil Nadu, India. This study of ethno medicinal value of plants and cure the various disease of around the Thanjuvur District. Ancient methods of treatment by ethno medicinal value of various types of trees, shrubs, herbs and underground modification such as root, stem, bark, leaves, flowers, fruits and seed. The ethno medicinal value of plants make grounded plant parts, and juices used to cure the various diseases like, cough, cold, asthma, eye disease, ulcer, jaundice, rheumatic arthritis, memory stimulants, wound healing and cardiovascular disease. We have identified and reported more than 38 species of medicinally important plants belonging to 25 families.
Feeding Ecology and Reproductive Biology of some Economically Important Fish Species in the Tono Reservoir, Ghana
Authors: Akongyuure Daniel Nsoh
Published: October 2022

The study of feeding ecology and reproductive biology ensures that the right management measures are applied for best output of fish stocks. Selection of good fish species for culture is also made possible through feeding and reproductive studies. Ghana over-relies on the culture of Nile tilapia and African catfish because there is no reliable scientific information on potential fish species that can be included for fish farming. The current study sought to investigate food habits and reproductive characteristics of economically important fish species in the Tono Reservoir of Northern Ghana. Monthly sampling was carried out from January, 2015 to December, 2016 (24 months). Specimens were obtained using cast net and gillnets of varying mesh sizes. Specimens were immediately transported to the laboratory in a chilled iced chest of temperature 4 for morphometric measurements and microscopic analysis of gut content and gonads. Thirty-three (33) individual food items were identified from all the fish species. Phytoplankton was the most important diet (Index of Relative Importance, IRI = 1923) whereas zooplankton was the least important diet (IRI = 35) out of the five major categories of food items identified from all the fish species. The major peaks of gonadosomatic index (GSI) of females were noted in February – March and June – July. Over 80 % variation of fecundity was explained by the predictors (standard length, fish weight and gonad weight) for Clarias gariepinus and Auchenoglanis occidentalis. All the fish species were classified as omnivores and they spawned more than once in a year making all of them good candidates for aquaculture. Management measures should focus on regulating agricultural activities close to the reservoir and fishing activities in the reservoir for sustainable fish production and exploitation.
Nucleic Acid Content in Different Tissues of the Fish N. notopterus in Relation to Sex
Authors: Ravikiran K. , Kulkarni R.S.
Published: October 2022

Nucleic acid content in different tissues in the freshwater fish N.notopterus in relation to sex was studied during Pre-spawning phase of the reproductive cycle. The fish were scarified and the tissues such as brain, liver, kidney and gonads removed and processed for determination of nucleic acids. It is observed that the nucleic acid content in different tissues of female fish has lower values than males. The results obtained in the present study may provide a contribution to the knowledge of the characteristics of nucleic acid as parameters of sexing the fish. The study also indicates that although male fish have higher values than female fish, both the sexes are biochemically and nutritionally better.
Responses of Flavonoids, Phenolics, and Antioxidant Activity in Rice Seedlings between Japonica and Indica Subtypes to Chilling Stress
Authors: Rayee Ramin , Xuan Tran Dang , Tran Hoang Dung , Fakoori Naqib Ahmad , Khanh Tran Dang , Dat Tran Dang
Published: October 2022

Chilling is one of the major abiotic stress which limites yield and quality of many crops. The seedlings of rice varieties namely Koshihikari (Japonica subtype) chilling tolerant, and the susceptible NMR2 (Indica subtype) were treated at 25/15 °C and 5/4 °C day/night to determine the growth parameters, phenolic contents, and antioxidant activity. It was found that in all treatments, the growth of MNR2 including root and shoot lengths, and leaf and root weights were inhibited at greater levels than Koshihikari. There were seven phenolic acids identified in leaves of Koshihikari including caffeic acid, vanillin, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, benzoic acid, ellagic acid, and cinamic acid, but only benzoic acid and ellagic acid were found in leaves of MNR2. In contrast, only vanillic acid and ellagic acid were observed in roots of Koshihikari, whilst ellagic acid and cinnamic acid were found in roots of MNR2. It was found that rice reduced amount of phenolic acids but promoted quantity of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) and level of antioxidant activity in chilling stress, although the level of responses varied between Japonica and Indica subtypes. Tolerant rice possessed greater bound flavonoids, phenolics and phenolic acids, but susceptible rice accumulated greater free TPC and TFC in reduced temperature. Findings of this study highlighted that phenolic constituents in bound forms of phenols, polyphenols, and flavonoids may play an active role in rice plants than phenolic acids under chilling stress but need further elaboration.
Responses of Maize Varieties to Salt Stress in Relation to Germination and Seedling Growth
Authors: Hassan Nuurismaan , Hasan Md. Kamrul , Shaddam Md. Obaidullah , Islam Mohammad Sohidul , Barutçular Celaleddin , EL Sabagh Ayman
Published: October 2022

A pot experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Department of Agronomy, Hajee Mohamad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Bangladesh during 2016 to evaluate the response of maize varieties at germination and seedling growth stages under salt stress. The seeds of the BARI (Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute) developed four maize varieties viz. Barnali, Khoi Vutta, Mohor and BARI Maize 5 were placed in plastic pots (each of 25 cm length and 12 cm width) on sand bed irrigated with tap water (control), 100 and 200 mM NaCl salt solutions. It was replicated in thrice with completely randomized design (CRD). Salinity stress significantly affected the germination characters and seedling growth parameters of maize varieties. The germination percentages (GP) and germination rate (GR) reduced significantly with increasing salinity, and the variety Khoi Vutta showed the highest GP and GR followed by Barnali and Mohor showed the lowest GP and GR followed by BARI maize 5. Under high salinity level, seedling growths characteristics like shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weight of shoot and roots reduced remarkably in the variety Mohor indicating salt susceptible while the minimum reduction of the aforementioned traits was observed in the variety Khoi Vutta demonstrating high salt tolerant variety. The studied varieties can be ranked on the basis of salt tolerance as Khoi Vutta > Barnali > BARI Maize 5 > Mohor from the experiment.
Various Biochemical Changes of African Marigold Seedlings under Sugar Mill Effluent Stress
Authors: Vaithiyanathan T. , Sundaramoorthy P.
Published: October 2022

Sugar mill is one of the agro based industry and great significant in rural economy of developing countries. It creates environmental pollution by produced waste during sugar production. In the present work deals with the analysis of various change of biochemical in African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) at 15 DAS under the different concentrations (control, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) of sugar mill effluent. Results of this study determined that the lower concentration (10%) of sugar mill effluent increased photosynthetic pigment and biochemical contents of African marigold and it decreased at higher concentrations of the sugar mill effluent. The lower concentrations of sugar mill effluent used for irrigation.
Identifying Overlapping Phylogenetic and Geographic Roots of HIV – 1 Evolution through Computational Analyses
Authors: Singh Pankaj Kumar , Banik Rahul , Chakraborty Hirak Jyoti , Das Sasti Gopal , Ganguli Sayak , Datta Abhijit
Published: October 2022

HIV-1 or Human Immuno Deficiency Virus-1 is the main causative agent of Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Human host infected with HIV - 1 extensively harbours many viral variants but very little is known about the difference in pattern[17] of evolution of phylogenetic lineages of HIV-1 non recombinant, normal inter subtype recombinant and main two specific recombinant forms of HIV-1 i.e., Circulating Recombinant Forms (CRFs) and Unique Recombinant Forms (URFs). This study is mainly concerned with study of the difference in evolutionary lineages of non-recombinant and recombinant sequences of HIV-1 genome sequences and identification of geographically rich areas which has reported high degree of HIV-1 occurrence and variety. Total 1550 HIV-1 genome sequences were obtained from HIV Los Alamos Database. The sequences were aligned using MAFFT (Multiple Alignment using Fast Fourier Transform) web server tool. Alignment was carried out using 10 different set of alignment parameter values. After alignment the aligned file was used for constructing N-J phylogenetic tree using Clustal X2 tool. Phylogenetic analysis was performed keeping in mind the category to which the sequence belongs. Upon analysis it was observed that the clade containing the probable ancestor belongs remained constant in all cases of different alignment values. Non recombinant isolates, inter subtype recombinants, CRFs, URFs all followed different patterns of evolution. Non recombinant sequences were found geographically specific and subtype specific to some extent whereas, normal recombinants were subtype specific and less geographically specific. CRFs showed variation among the pattern of their evolution. At some instances the sequences occurred as sister taxa of non-recombinant or normal inter subtype recombinant sequences, while at some instances as sister taxa of other CRFs where they were geographically specific. Three CRFs existed as completely diverged sequences. URFs were four in number; two of them were Indian isolates of while other two were Japanese isolates. URFs were found to be totally geographically specific. Geography wise high rate of variation was observed in India and Japan as these two countries had sequences belonging to all of the above categories. Cameroon and South Africa have very large number isolates and a considerable amount of genetic variation among isolates but they lack URFs.
Environmental Health Hazards and Rural Community Development in Abia State of Nigeria
Authors: Modebelu M.N. , Isiwu Edward
Published: October 2022

The study assessed the influence of environmental hazards on the development of rural communities in Abia State. Three research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. The population of the study was 1,772 executive members of 175 Community Development Associations from where a sample of five hundred and nine executive members from 70 Community Development Associations was drawn. Self-structured questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. It was face validated by two experts in Educational Administration and Educational Measurement/ Evaluation from Abia State University, Uturu. The reliability of the instrument was tested on 25 executive members of Ayamele and Ifite-Ogwari Community Development Associations, both are Local Government Areas in Anambra State. Reliability coefficient of 0.88 was obtained using Cronbach Alpha estimate. The data were analyzed by computing and comparing the mean scores and standard deviation. Also, the null hypotheses were tested using t-test statistics. The findings of the study revealed the influence of deforestation, agricultural development and industries and technology on the environment. The study therefore recommended among others that Abia State Government should organize seminars, workshop and conferences for Community Development Associations executive members and other community leaders on the issues concerning environmental protection.
State of Environmental Awareness in Northeastern Montenegro: A Review
Authors: Rajović Goran , Bulatović Jelisavka
Published: October 2022

Public participation so far is not dedicated adequate attention in areas environmental protection. The objective of this work is to consider environmental awareness in northeastern Montenegro, on the example of municipalities Berane, Petnjica, Andrijevica, Plav and Gusinje. In accordance with the concept of sustainable development it is necessary is directed population on raising awareness on environmental protection. When the public better acquainted with the environmental problems, will be are able to help in solving them.
Phytochemical Properties of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa, L.) Plants Grown under Bio and Mineral Fertilizers in Different Types of Soil
Authors: Ghabour Samir S.I. , Mohamed Saad A. , El-Yazal Sawsan A. Saif , Moawad Hasan M.H.
Published: October 2022

The aim of this study was to clarify the phytochemical property evaluation of Roselle plants grown under bio Azotobacterine (Azotobacterchroococcum) and phosphorein (Bacillus polymyxa) and mineral (N, P and K fertilizers at the rates of 25, 50 and 100% from the doses recommended by Ministry of Agriculture) fertilizers applied in different types of soil. Samples of Roselle plants were obtained from different soils (clay soil at Dar El-Ramad farm, sandy loam and saline loamy sand soil at Demo farm, Faculty of Agriculture) at El-Fayoum governorate conditions. Moreover, some of the phytochemical properties (N, P and K percentage in roselle herb and its uptake, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B and carotenoids), anthocyanin pigment and pH value) of roselle plants (Hibiscus sabdariffa, L.) under different soils were determined. The data obtained showed that, bio and mineral (NPK) fertilizers increased the above compositions of roselle plants under different soils of experiment. The maximum increase of these compositions was obtained by the treatment clay soil × 100% NPK + bio fertilizers, followed by clay soil × 50% NPK + bio fertilizers as compared to saline loamy sand soil × non fertilizer treatment, although, the differences between these treatments and mineral fertilizer at the rate of 100% NPK alone were insignificantly. Therefore, it is economically and environmentally recommended to inoculate roselle seeds with mixture of Azotobacter + Bacillus and fertilize these inoculated plants with 50% NPK for improve chemical compositions (N, P and K percentage in roselle herb and its uptake, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B and carotenoids), anthocyanin pigment and pH value) of roselle plants under clay soil. Key words: Roselle, Hibiscus sabdariffa L., nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, biofertilization, soil type, salinity, chemical composition.
Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants in Kalrayan Hills, Eastern Ghats, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Manikandan S. , Lakshmanan G.M. Alagu
Published: October 2022

An ethnomedicinal survey among the kalrayan hills, Salem district, Tamil Nadu during September 2010 to February 2012. A total of 64 species of ethnomedicinal plants belonging to 34 families and 10 species of ethno veterinary plants belonging to 10 families were reported with the help of standard flora among local healers, village head man and elderly tribal persons. The medicinal plants used by village people, tribal and are arranged alphabetically followed by botanical name, family name, local and English name and their therapeutic uses
Primary Productivity of Kumshi Reservoir, Kalaburagi District, Karnataka
Authors: Fameeda Shaik , Rajashekhar M. , Parveen Zeba , Vijaykumar K.
Published: October 2022

In the present investigation, primary productivity of Kumshi reservoir of Kalburagi District has been studied for the period of two years (2012-2014). The results reveals that, gross primary productivity of Kumshi reservoir followed an increasing trend through the northeast monsoon season towards summer season, whereas, net primary productivity of Kumshi reservoir is followed a more or less similar trend of increasing towards northeast monsoon season and summer season, while community respiration of reservoir also followed a similar trend of oscillation increasing trend towards summer and northeast monsoon season during the study period.
Biogas as Resources of Energy
Authors: Yimer S. , Sahu O.P.
Published: October 2022

The objective of the study described the importance of biogas and its importance. The biogas generally obtained from the waste. The so-called wastes that we discard and suffer with the consequences of improper management are of course partly huge energy and fertilizer sources that can support energy demands of cities greatly. Urban waste disposal is a serious challenge in all cities in the developing world, and its accumulation is an additional health hazard. Reliable and generally accepted disposal of the comparatively large amounts of digestate produced is necessary if biogas production is to be implemented. In this regard's discussion has been about the biogas production reaction involves, design and applications
In Vitro Mass Propagation of Withania somnifera Dunal Using Seaweed Extract
Authors: Kannan T.M. Sathees , Sownthariya S. , Anbazhakan S.
Published: October 2022

The present study was aimed to develop a cost-effective and efficient protocol for mass propagation of high-quality seedlings through tissue culture by using seaweed extract as biostimulants instead of synthetic chemicals. The nodal explant of field grown W. somnifera estabilised on Murashige and Skoogs medium (MS) and Gamborg B5 medium supplemented with six concentration of 2,4 D. The percentage of culture response from the nodal explant ranged from 44 to 80 and 3.0 mg l-1 2,4 D found to be best for callus induction. MS media containing different concentration of seaweed extract (10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 %) were tested individually for shoot induction. The medium supplemented with 40 % seaweed extract exhibited maximum number of shoots with about 8.6 shoots/ callus and 80 % seaweed extract exhibited 4.3 shoots/ callus. It is evident from this study that seaweed extracts can be used as substitute for synthetic growth hormones for micropropagation of medicinally important plant W. somnifera for clonal propagation and conservation.