bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Making Sense of “Helping Friends”: “Flexing” Motivational Accounts of Cannabis Growing
Authors: Hammersvik Eirik
Published: August 2016

Using ethnographic fieldwork among cannabis growers and dealers, I investigate how they adjust their self-proclaimed motives for growing to fit others’ normative expectations. Scholars have typically interpreted the motivational accounts of offenders as either reports of what really happened or as ideal types. To scrutinize the complexity of their motives, I use narrative ethnography to show how they are situationally constructed. In particular, I show how one large-scale cannabis grower provides four motivational accounts in four separate settings to illustrate how these accounts are artfully created and situationally conditioned. All four accounts include the topic and utterance of “helping friends,” but they are used to signify very different and even contradictory meanings. To analyze how people can tell different and even competing stories without compromising their sense of being self-coherent, I introduce the concept of “flexing meaning.” The term flexing is a verbification of the word flexible, and it enables us to analyze how people and accounts create coherency and credibility by adjusting—flexing—meanings of established utterances and expressions. Using this case study, I discuss how people can make sense of and live by different and conflicting accounts without experiencing that they are being inauthentic.
Discourses and institutions in China’s maritime disputes
Authors: Summers Tim
Published: August 2016

This article examines discourses around China’s maritime disputes. It adopts an English School approach to international order, making use of institutions governing relations between states which are themselves discursive in nature. The article argues that discourse is a particularly important factor in maritime disputes given the ambiguities resulting from historical and ongoing changes in conceptions of maritime space and sovereignty. Further, although these changes have led the institution of international law to play a growing role in questions of maritime sovereignty and jurisdiction, the article argues that the application of these legal frameworks is itself partly discursive and creates ambiguities which inform maritime disputes between key states in East Asia. The article then considers an example of discursive contestation by examining the use of freedom of navigation in the positions taken and practised by the United States and their role in US–China maritime dynamics. It concludes by suggesting that contested discourses around maritime disputes in East Asia are best understood as part of an ongoing and dynamic process of the renegotiation of regional and international order in East Asia.
Nomograms for the design of light weight hollow helical springs
Authors: Bagaria William J , Doerfler Ron , Roschier Leif
Published: August 2016

The helical spring is a widely used element in suspension systems. Traditionally, the springs have been wound from solid round wire. Significant weight savings can be achieved by fabricating helical springs from hollow tubing. For suspension systems, weight savings result in significant transportation fuel savings. This paper uses previously published equations to calculate the maximum shear stress and deflection of the hollow helical spring. Since the equations are complex, solving them on a computer or spreadsheet would require a trial-and-error method. As a design aid to avoid this problem, this paper gives nomograms for the design of lightweight hollow helical springs. The nomograms are graphical solutions to the maximum stress and deflection equations. Example suspension spring designs show that significant weight savings (of the order of 50% or more) can be achieved using hollow springs. Hollow springs could also be used in extreme temperature situations. Heating or cooling fluids can be circulated through the hollow spring.
A study of stored energy in ultra-fined grained aluminum machined by electrical discharge machining
Authors: Mahdieh Mohammad S , Mahdavinejad Ramezan A
Published: August 2016

Due to light weight and high strength, industrial applications of ultra-fined grain materials are becoming prevalent. Ultra-fined grain materials are produced by severe plastic deformation techniques such as equal channel angular pressing, which impose large strains on ultra-fined grain microstructure, resulting in accumulation of the lattice defects and dislocations and consequently increasing the stored energy. Due to high stored energy of ultra-fined grain materials, they are thermodynamically unstable and prone to microstructural evolutions. In order to manufacture industrials parts, applying machining methods such as electrical discharge machining is necessary. Electrical discharge machining is a thermo-electrical process that erodes the surface of the workpiece by high temperature sparks. The surface of the workpiece is melted and then suddenly quenched into dielectric, and eventually a very hard and brittle layer, known as recast layer, is formed. The recast layer and heat-affected zone are the source of microstructural changes that affect the special properties of the ultra-fined grain materials and their stored energy. In this study, the bulk and local stored energy of electrical discharge machined ultra-fined grain aluminum samples are measured via differential scanning calorimetry technique and micro-hardness test. In the following, the effects of the electrical discharge machining process on ultra-fined grain aluminum are investigated. The results show that electrical discharge machining process alters the stored energy of the ultra-fined grain materials.
Service planning of product service system development with supplier involvement
Authors: Sheng Zhongqi , Liu Changsai , Xu Tao
Published: August 2016

Product service system is a new kind of manufacturing system paradigm, in which product and service are highly integrated and fully optimized. Supplier involvement in product service system development will greatly raise the productivity. Service planning of product service system development with supplier involvement is one of the critical steps in product service system development. The necessity of product service system development with supplier involvement in CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machine tool product service system is decided by the complexity of CNC machine tool product service system. The process model of CNC machine tool product service system development with supplier involvement is built in this paper first. Then, the maintenance service model is determined based on service blueprint, and the maintenance service planning is implemented. Next, the mode of recycling and remanufacturing is analyzed. And the feasibility of recycling and remanufacturing of parts is judged finally.
Numerical performance and safety analyses of a retainer-type ball valve for use in a high-pressure district heating pipeline
Authors: Yang Seung Deok , Kim Chul Kyu , Jeon Seok Yun , Yoon Joon Yong
Published: August 2016

The performance and safety of a retainer-type ball valve have been evaluated for use in a high-pressure pipeline to a district heating plant. The retainer-type ball valve is a developed valve improving the defects of the leaks that may occur in the general valves such as the floating ball valve or trunnion ball valve. To verify the valve design, a numerical analysis of the design has been applied to investigate safety factors and to determine the flow coefficients for the DN300 and DN400 standard sizes. The conditions used for the numerical analysis was based on the international standards ISO 5208, IEC 60534-2-3, and a high-pressure pipeline to a district heating plant. The structural analysis results comprise deformations, equivalent stresses, and safety factors, and the flow analysis results show the flow coefficient, the pressure distribution, the velocity vectors, and the flow patterns for each rotation angle. These results confirmed the characteristics and reliability of the retainer-type ball valve and, based on these studies, we proposed a retainer-type ball valve as a solution to solve the leakage problem .
Flexible air-breathing hypersonic vehicle control based on a novel non-singular fast terminal sliding mode control and nonlinear disturbance observer
Authors: Yang Xiaoqian , Li Jian , Dong Yi
Published: August 2016

A new control scheme for flexible air-breathing hypersonic vehicle is designed in this paper based on non-singular fast terminal sliding mode control and nonlinear disturbance observer. The proposed control scheme is derived from basic back-stepping method, which is capable of handling the higher-order nonlinear system, and a novel terminal sliding mode control method is designed for the last step to promise the finite time convergence and improve the steady-state precision. Meanwhile, a command filter is used to avoid the “explosion of complexity” in traditional back-stepping method. To overcome inevitable uncertainties as well as cross couplings between flexible and rigid modes, NDO is introduced to estimate diverse uncertainties. Thus flexible modes and uncertainties can be suppressed simultaneously. The convergence of overall closed-loop system states is proved via Lyapunov analysis. Numerical simulations show the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed control strategy.
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with secondary syphilis
Authors: Frunza-Stefan Simona , Acharya Gyanendra , Kazlouskaya Viktoryia , Vukasinov Paunel , Chiou Yushan , Thet Zeyar
Published: August 2016

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a condition associated with paradoxical worsening and/or new onset of an opportunistic infection in HIV patients following the initiation of anti-retroviral therapy or switching to more potent antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen. Although IRIS associated with many opportunistic infections (OIs) has been well reported, syphilis has very rarely been mentioned in this regard. A 52-year-old male, diagnosed with AIDS six weeks ago, presented with the disseminated non-pruritic painless skin rash. He denied any fever, cough, shortness of breath, and joint pain or swelling. The patient had no similar symptoms, genital ulcers, or any medical illness in the past. CD4 cell count and viral load were 40 cells/mm3 and 280,000 copies/ml, respectively, while screening tests for OIs including rapid plasma reagin test, quantiferon, cryptococcal antigen, and toxoplasma tests were negative at the time of HIV diagnosis. After three days of initiation of anti-retroviral therapy, he developed the above-mentioned skin rash. Repeat rapid plasma regain (RPR) test at this time was also negative. Punch biopsy of the skin lesion demonstrated findings suggestive of secondary syphilitic lesions, which was confirmed by immunostain. The repeat RPR, CD4 cell count, and viral load showed a titer of 1:256, 257 cells/mm3, and 5000 copies/ml, respectively. His skin rashes faded away, and RPR titer trended down on treatment with benzathine penicillin without discontinuation of ART. The presence of an IRIS response does not predict overall HIV or OI treatment responses, and discontinuation of ART is not generally recommended as the benefits of treating HIV infection outweighs the risk associated with IRIS.
A passivity criterion for real-time haptic simulation of viscoelastic soft tissues
Authors: Son Hyoung Il , Bhattacharjee Tapomayukh
Published: August 2016

Passivity analysis provides a convenient measure to assess the stability of haptic systems interacting with virtual environments. Passivity analysis of haptic sampled-data systems coupled with virtual environments requires knowledge of parameters of the employed environment model. Kelvin–Voigt models have been popularly used to describe viscoelastic behavior of soft tissues being simulated in a virtual environment. This paper employs a standard linear solid model that has been recently shown to be better suited to represent the behavior of the actual soft tissues, and provides passivity analysis of the haptic systems interacting with virtual viscoelastic soft tissues based on the standard linear solid model. The analysis results in a new criterion for design and control of passive haptic interfaces. The effect of the employed discretization method on passivity is also discussed. Experimental results show that the new passivity criterion is less conservative. This criterion increases the domain of soft-tissue environments that can be interacted with passively by the haptic interface.
A Gaussian random field model for similarity-based smoothing in Bayesian disease mapping
Authors: Baptista Helena , Mendes Jorge M , MacNab Ying C , Xavier Miguel , Caldas-de-Almeida José
Published: August 2016

Conditionally specified Gaussian Markov random field (GMRF) models with adjacency-based neighbourhood weight matrix, commonly known as neighbourhood-based GMRF models, have been the mainstream approach to spatial smoothing in Bayesian disease mapping. In the present paper, we propose a conditionally specified Gaussian random field (GRF) model with a similarity-based non-spatial weight matrix to facilitate non-spatial smoothing in Bayesian disease mapping. The model, named similarity-based GRF, is motivated for modelling disease mapping data in situations where the underlying small area relative risks and the associated determinant factors do not vary systematically in space, and the similarity is defined by “similarity” with respect to the associated disease determinant factors. The neighbourhood-based GMRF and the similarity-based GRF are compared and accessed via a simulation study and by two case studies, using new data on alcohol abuse in Portugal collected by the World Mental Health Survey Initiative and the well-known lip cancer data in Scotland. In the presence of disease data with no evidence of positive spatial correlation, the simulation study showed a consistent gain in efficiency from the similarity-based GRF, compared with the adjacency-based GMRF with the determinant risk factors as covariate. This new approach broadens the scope of the existing conditional autocorrelation models.
Preferential sampling and Bayesian geostatistics: Statistical modeling and examples
Authors: Cecconi Lorenzo , Grisotto Laura , Catelan Dolores , Lagazio Corrado , Berrocal Veronica , Biggeri Annibale
Published: August 2016

Preferential sampling refers to any situation in which the spatial process and the sampling locations are not stochastically independent. In this paper, we present two examples of geostatistical analysis in which the usual assumption of stochastic independence between the point process and the measurement process is violated. To account for preferential sampling, we specify a flexible and general Bayesian geostatistical model that includes a shared spatial random component. We apply the proposed model to two different case studies that allow us to highlight three different modeling and inferential aspects of geostatistical modeling under preferential sampling: (1) continuous or finite spatial sampling frame; (2) underlying causal model and relevant covariates; and (3) inferential goals related to mean prediction surface or prediction uncertainty.
An intuitive Bayesian spatial model for disease mapping that accounts for scaling
Authors: Riebler Andrea , Sørbye Sigrunn H , Simpson Daniel , Rue Håvard
Published: August 2016

In recent years, disease mapping studies have become a routine application within geographical epidemiology and are typically analysed within a Bayesian hierarchical model formulation. A variety of model formulations for the latent level have been proposed but all come with inherent issues. In the classical BYM (Besag, York and Mollié) model, the spatially structured component cannot be seen independently from the unstructured component. This makes prior definitions for the hyperparameters of the two random effects challenging. There are alternative model formulations that address this confounding; however, the issue on how to choose interpretable hyperpriors is still unsolved. Here, we discuss a recently proposed parameterisation of the BYM model that leads to improved parameter control as the hyperparameters can be seen independently from each other. Furthermore, the need for a scaled spatial component is addressed, which facilitates assignment of interpretable hyperpriors and make these transferable between spatial applications with different graph structures. The hyperparameters themselves are used to define flexible extensions of simple base models. Consequently, penalised complexity priors for these parameters can be derived based on the information-theoretic distance from the flexible model to the base model, giving priors with clear interpretation. We provide implementation details for the new model formulation which preserve sparsity properties, and we investigate systematically the model performance and compare it to existing parameterisations. Through a simulation study, we show that the new model performs well, both showing good learning abilities and good shrinkage behaviour. In terms of model choice criteria, the proposed model performs at least equally well as existing parameterisations, but only the new formulation offers parameters that are interpretable and hyperpriors that have a clear meaning.
Multiscale measurement error models for aggregated small area health data
Authors: Aregay Mehreteab , Lawson Andrew B , Faes Christel , Kirby Russell S , Carroll Rachel , Watjou Kevin
Published: August 2016

Spatial data are often aggregated from a finer (smaller) to a coarser (larger) geographical level. The process of data aggregation induces a scaling effect which smoothes the variation in the data. To address the scaling problem, multiscale models that link the convolution models at different scale levels via the shared random effect have been proposed. One of the main goals in aggregated health data is to investigate the relationship between predictors and an outcome at different geographical levels. In this paper, we extend multiscale models to examine whether a predictor effect at a finer level hold true at a coarser level. To adjust for predictor uncertainty due to aggregation, we applied measurement error models in the framework of multiscale approach. To assess the benefit of using multiscale measurement error models, we compare the performance of multiscale models with and without measurement error in both real and simulated data. We found that ignoring the measurement error in multiscale models underestimates the regression coefficient, while it overestimates the variance of the spatially structured random effect. On the other hand, accounting for the measurement error in multiscale models provides a better model fit and unbiased parameter estimates.
From Cumulative Strain to Available Resources: A Narrative Case Study of the Potential Effects of New Trauma Exposure on Recovery
Authors: Stige Signe Hjelen , Halvorsen Margrethe Seeger
Published: August 2016

This article presents a narrative case study of a client with a history of multiple traumas and severe symptomatology, coupled with an ongoing recovery process. A hermeneutical–phenomenological approach was used to analyze two interviews with the participant over a period of 1 year, following a trauma treatment program. Her husband’s suicide in between the two interviews allowed for an exploration of the possible effects of new trauma exposure on the process of recovery. Analysis of the data revealed how the participant’s early trauma experiences had resulted in escalating symptomatology. Through her relationship with her husband, she gradually became ready to engage in therapy in a way that allowed her to benefit from it. Her husband’s suicide forced her to reconsider her own part in her recovery, resulting in a strengthened feeling of inner security and self-efficacy parallel to what is seen in posttraumatic growth. The results contribute our understanding of individual processes of change and recovery, including processes of growth following cumulative trauma. Plausible mechanisms for growth in the present case was the ability to recognize and tolerate feelings, making sense of one’s own reactions, as well as a sense of control and trust in available resources.
Risk Factors for Readmission in Patients With Cancer Comanaged by Hospitalists
Authors: Shapiro Joshua S. , Humeniuk Michael S. , Siddiqui Mustaqeem A. , Bonthu Neelima , Schroeder Darrell R. , Kashiwagi Deanne T.
Published: August 2016

Little is known about which variables put patients with cancer at risk for 30-day hospital readmission. Comanagement of this often complex patient population by specialists and hospitalists has become increasingly common. This retrospective study examined inpatients with cancer comanaged by hospitalists, hematologists, and oncologists to determine the rate of readmission and factors associated with readmission. Patients in this cohort had a readmission rate of 23%. Patients who were discharged to a skilled nursing facility (odds ratio [OR] = 0.34) or hospice (OR = 0.11) were less likely to have 30-day readmissions, whereas patients who had surgery (OR = 3.16) during their index admission were more likely. Other factors, including patient demographics, cancer types, and hospitalization interventions and events, did not differ between patients who were readmitted and those who were not. These findings contribute to a growing body of literature identifying risk factors for readmission in medical oncology and hematology patients.
Learning in Public: Faculty and Student Opinions About Social Media in the Classroom
Authors: Hickerson Andrea , Kothari Ammina
Published: August 2016

For communication instructors charged with safely and constructively educating students, incorporating social media in communication coursework presents a variety of problems. Among them are how to grade social media and how to respond to students’ social media mistakes, knowing these mistakes and corrections could follow students into their careers. This project surveyed journalism faculty ( n = 125) and students ( n = 323) to learn how each assess the challenges and opportunities of using social media in journalism coursework. Both groups expressed concerns about privacy, but faculty were also concerned about the legal consequences of students making mistakes publicly online.
“Till Death Us Do Part”: Homicide Defenses for Women in Abusive Relationships—Similar Problems—Different Responses in Germany and Australia
Authors: Braun Kerstin
Published: August 2016

Cases in which women have killed their sleeping or otherwise inattentive abusive partners to “escape” domestic violence have arisen in both Germany and Australia. In this context, the availability of defenses including provocation and self-defense for abused defendants is controversially debated due to their traditional application and interpretation. It appears that these cases have driven law reform and changed judicial interpretation of defenses to some degree in Australia, whereas the situation in Germany remains stagnant. This article argues that while the situation in Australia is not without criticism, the recent legislative developments aimed at affording abused defendants greater access to defenses could serve as food for legal thought in the German debate.
Miracle drug: Brazil approves never-tested cancer medicine
Authors: Kuchenbecker Ricardo S , Mota Daniel M
Published: August 2016

Background

Brazil recently approved synthetic phosphoetanolamine, a popularly dubbed ‘cancer pill’, a substance that has been shown to kill cancer cells in lab animal models but was not yet formally accessed in humans, and thus despite the existence of any evidence of its efficacy and safety.

Methods

The authors describe the recent decision of Brazil to aprove phosphoetanolamine in the context of growing ‘judicialization’ to promote access to medicines and thus reinforcing a growing sense of legal uncertainty.

Results

The approval of phosphoetanolamine despite the existence of any evidence of its efficacy and safety represents to the authors one of the saddest and surrealistic episodes in Brazil’s recent public health history. Brazil’s current economic crisis is fueling the ‘judicialization’ to promote access to medicines and thus reinforcing a growing sense of legal uncertainty in the context of rising economic constrains and a progressive failing state. The authors state that the Phosphoetanolamine’s approval bill violates current legal prohibition of commercialisation of drugs without the Brazilian national drug regulatory agency’s approval and thus may represent a potential menace to Brazil’s pharmacogovernance and the country’s governance to health technology assessment at the Brazilian national health systems.

Conclusion

Phosphoetanolamine’s approval illustrates that the combination of flawed decision making, economic crisis and political interference may threaten weak governance mechanisms for drug regulation and health technology assessment and thus representing an extra burden in the sustainability of universal access-based national health systems.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness Versus Yoga
Authors: Falsafi Nasrin
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND: Depression and anxiety disorders are two of the most common mental disorders in the United States. These disorders are prevalent among college students. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of two different types of intervention practices (mindfulness vs. yoga) and a noninterventional control group in mitigating the effects of depression and/or anxiety in college students. METHOD: A sample of 90 students (both genders) over age 18 who had a diagnosis of anxiety and/or depression was recruited from 11,500 undergraduate college students in a mid-size university. The study’s design included stratified-randomized controlled repeated measures with three groups: a mindfulness intervention group, a yoga-only intervention group, and a noninterventional group. Participants were randomly assigned to the aforementioned three groups. Participants in the intervention groups received an 8-week training either in mindfulness or yoga. Depressive, anxiety, stress symptoms, self-compassion, and mindfulness were measured at baseline, Week 4, Week 8, and Week 12. RESULTS: Depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms decreased significantly ( p < .01) from baseline to follow-up conditions in both the mindfulness and yoga intervention groups. The changes in mindfulness scores were also significant in both groups. However, the changes in self-compassion scores were significant only in the mindfulness intervention group. No significant changes in the control group were demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this study can provide useful information to nurses and other health care providers. This study may have implications for a cost-effective treatment for depression and anxiety.
Influence of fiber orientation on solid particle erosion of uni/multidirectional carbon fiber/glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Bagci Mehmet
Published: August 2016

This article describes the development of unidirectional and multidirectional laminated composites consisting of thermoplastic epoxy resin reinforced with glass/carbon fiber, and studies their solid particle erosion behavior under different operating conditions. The erosion rates of the unidirectional carbon fiber/epoxy composites [0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°] and multidirectional glass fiber/epoxy composites ([0°/−90°/0°], [30°/−60°/30°], [45°/−45°/45°], [60°/−30°/60°], [90°/0°/90°]) were especially scrutinized based on their respective fiber orientations. In addition; the test specimens were evaluated at three different impingement angles of 30°, 60°, and 90° with an impact velocity of 34 m/s. Slightly rounded and irregular Al2O3 particles with an average diameter of 400 µm were used. An optimal fiber orientation combination was determined, which led to minimization of the erosion rate. Moreover, the variation of erosion rates with various laminate orientations were characterized by using X-ray diffraction patterns, 3D digital mapping method, and scanning electron microscopy.
Consent in surgery: Is there a Montgomery effect?
Authors: Wheeler Robert A
Published: August 2016

In the aftermath of Montgomery, hospitals across the UK have been bombarded by offers to ‘update’ their clinicians’ understanding of the ‘new consent law’. Even surgeons have now heard the story of Mrs Montgomery’s plight, and the Supreme Court’s reaction to the events that unfolded during the birth of her son. In truth, the reasonable surgeon has seen little change to the advice that he or she is offered when considering what should be disclosed when seeking a patient’s consent to surgery. From the non-lawyer’s perspective, the Lanarkshire case makes no alterations to the advice set down within the GMC’s guidance in 2008; itself, a synthesis grounded in another obstetric case from the last century.
Predicting indoor thermal sensation for the elderly in welfare centres in Korea using local skin temperatures
Authors: Bae Chihye , Lee Hyunjung , Chun Chungyoon
Published: August 2016

This study aims to develop a method to predict thermal sensation in elderly people. To identify the point on the body where skin temperature can best predict thermal sensation in elderly people aged 65 or older and develop a thermal comfort measurement model that can replace the psychological scale, experiments were conducted in a stainless steel wall finish climate chamber and at the seven senior welfare centres in Korea. The results of the climate chamber experiment with 30 healthy elderly people (15 males, 15 females) showed that there was a correlation between thermal sensation and local skin temperature on the back of the hand, the upper arm, the top of the foot and the cheek. This developed thermal sensation prediction model was then applied in a field study at senior welfare centres to verify whether the model could be applied to a large number of elderly subjects in different locations. The field study with 294 elderly people (111 males, 183 females) shows that cheek and back of the hand skin temperatures were useful in predicting thermal sensation in the elderly, and predicted thermal sensation based on the skin temperature of the cheek had the strongest correlation with thermal sensation among the participants.
The benefits of an eco-productive green roof in Bogota, Colombia
Authors: Galarza-Molina Sandra , Torres Andrés , Rengifo Pervys , Puentes Angela , Cárcamo-Hernández Eliana , Méndez-Fajardo Sandra , Devia Carlos
Published: August 2016

In peri-urban areas of Bogota, people harvest and use untreated rainwater. Initial research indicates that water collected from roofs contains high turbidity values, as well as high concentrations of total suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand 5-Day and heavy metals. Moreover, these areas do not generally have access to public sewer systems. An eco-productive green roof with the aim of reducing poverty and improving the quality of life of the communities located peri-urban areas of Bogota has been described and examined. These eco-roofs are made with cheaply attainable materials (e.g. recycled plastic bottles). The aim of this study was to understand the hydrological benefits of this type of green roof. We built an experimental set-up consisted of six independent eco-roof modules planted with different crop plant species and a reference roof to serve as a control. The results obtained showed that the crop type had significant influence over the results of both hydrological behaviour and pollutant concentrations measured on the runoff from roofs. The eco-roof can retain up to 65% of the runoff volume and can reduce the runoff peak up to 80%; the eco-roof helped in retaining high concentrations of zinc. The results obtained represent a meaningful positive impact for the eco-roofs tested for stormwater harvesting and suggest that these systems could offer hydrological benefits that might help re-establish hydrological values for marginal urban areas.
Managing protean diversity
Authors: Marfelt Mikkel Mouritz , Muhr Sara Louise
Published: August 2016

Recently, global workforce diversity and its management have received criticism for not paying attention to the contextual influence stemming from socially constructed dialectics of power and politics. These contextual dynamics, however, tend to be viewed as external to the organization. In this article, we follow the call for critically investigating the contexts influencing diversity management by analyzing the development of a global human resource management project initiated to promote a culturally diverse workforce. We find that despite good intentions, as well as support from the top management, the project dissolves through micropolitics and power dynamics. We contribute to the critical literature on workforce diversity by identifying how organizational contextual dynamics influence the way the concept of workforce diversity is constructed and understood at work. Based on these findings, we develop the concept of protean diversity to better understand how to manage the ever-changing and unstable nature of contemporary workforce diversity.
The dynamics of language and ethnicity in Mauritius
Authors: Sambajee Pratima
Published: August 2016

The link between ethnicity and language is well established in research but its contextual, perceptual and variable nature demands that this connection be re-examined in each attempt to understand a nation. This article is about Mauritius, a postcolonial context where French and British colonization has left salient features which continue to influence the dynamics around language and ethnicity in the country. By describing its demographic characteristics and its linguistic and political situation, I draw on the case of Kreol, the unofficial national language to examine the dynamics of language and ethnicity in a country where two colonial languages continue to dominate ideology. To compensate for the lack of appropriate theoretical framework in existing research on Mauritius, I use Homi Bhabha’s and Ashis Nandy’s postcolonial theoretical framework to uncover various forms of resistance and their influence on organizations.
Young people and the formation of attitudes towards the police
Authors: Sindall Katy , McCarthy Daniel J. , Brunton-Smith Ian
Published: August 2016

Much is now known about public trust and confidence in the police, especially regarding the important role of procedural justice in police–citizen engagements. However, less is known about perceptions of the police amongst young people and how their views are formed. We use survey data from more than 1500 young people aged 10–15 years whose parents were also interviewed in the Crime Survey for England and Wales (2010–12) to explore the extent that children’s views of the police correspond with those of their parents. We find a strong and consistent link between the views of children and their parents – a relationship moderated by perceptions of police visibility, experience of victimization and the age of the child.
Organizing the finances for and the finances from transnational corporate bribery
Authors: Lord Nicholas , Levi Michael
Published: August 2016

This article analyses the finances for and the finances from corporate bribery in international business transactions and how they are organized. Transnational corporate bribery involves non-criminal commercial enterprises that operate in licit markets but that use corrupt means to win or maintain business contracts in foreign jurisdictions. This article first considers what needs to be financed, how much finance is needed, and how the bribes can be generated and distributed. Second, the article considers the different forms of proceeds that emerge out of the bribery, how offenders must conceal the derivation of funds from these crimes while also retaining control over them, and how they must overcome particular obstacles. Finally, the article discusses responses to the proceeds of bribery and related anti-money laundering provisions, before analysing actual and potential mechanisms for intervening with the finances for and from transnational corporate corruption.
Comparable 2-Year Restenosis Rates Following Subintimal and Intraluminal Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation for Femoropopliteal Chronic Total Occlusion
Authors: Ishihara Takayuki , Takahara Mitsuyoshi , Iida Osamu , Soga Yoshimitsu , Hirano Keisuke , Yamauchi Yasutaka , Zen Kan , Kawasaki Daizo , Nanto Shinsuke , Yokoi Hiroyoshi , Uematsu Masaaki ,   on behalf of the ZEPHYR Investigators
Published: August 2016

Purpose: To report midterm outcomes after subintimal vs intraluminal drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation for femoropopliteal (FP) chronic total occlusion (CTO). Methods: This subanalysis of the prospective, multicenter ZEPHYR study (ZilvEr PTX for tHe Femoral ArterY and Proximal Popliteal ArteRy) included 176 patients (mean age 74±8 years; 130 men) with 192 de novo FP CTOs that were evaluated by intravascular ultrasound after successful guidewire crossing. The primary outcome was the 2-year restenosis rate after subintimal (n=73) or intraluminal (n=119) DES implantation. Propensity score matching extracted 61 matched pairs (mean age 75 years; 49 men) for patency analysis to minimize baseline intergroup differences. Restenosis rates are reported with the 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The 1-year restenosis rates in the groups with subintimal and intraluminal DES implantation were 45% (95% CI 32% to 59%) and 35% (95% CI 22% to 49%), respectively (p=0.352), whereas the corresponding rates at 2 years were not significantly different (p=0.648) at 56% (95% CI 41% to 71%) and 51% (95% CI 34% to 68%). Baseline characteristics had no significant interaction effect on the association of subintimal angioplasty with restenosis risk. Conclusion: In FP CTO, 2-year restenosis rates were comparable after subintimal or intraluminal DES implantation.
Arterial Clamping Increases Central Renal Cryoablation Efficacy: An Animal Study
Authors: Nonboe Lasse L. , Nielsen Tommy K. , Høyer Søren , Graumann Ole , Frøkiær Jørgen , Borre Michael
Published: August 2016

Introduction:

The minimally invasive treatment of small renal masses with cryoablation has become increasingly widespread during the past 15 years. Studies with long-term follow-up are beginning to emerge, showing good oncological control, however, tumors with a central and endophytic location seem to possess an increased risk of treatment failure. Such tumors are likely to be subjected to a high volume of blood giving thermal protection to the cancerous cells. Arterial clamping during freezing might reduce this effect but at the same time subject the kidney to ischemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of renal artery clamping during cryoablation in a porcine survival model.

Methods:

Ten Danish Landrace pigs (approximately 40 kg) underwent bilateral laparoscopic cryoablation with clamping of the right renal artery during freezing. The cryoablation consisted of a standard double-freeze cycle of 10-minute freeze followed by 8 minutes of thaw. Arterial clamping subjected the right kidney to 2 cycles of ischemia (10 minutes) with perfusion in between. After surgery, the animals were housed for 14 days prior to computed tomography perfusions scans, radioisotope renography, and bilateral nephrectomy.

Results:

No perioperative or postoperative complications were experienced. Mean differential renal function was 44% (95% confidence interval: 42-46) in the clamped right kidney group and 56% (95% confidence interval: 54-58) in the nonclamped left kidney group, P < .05. The ±5% technical inaccuracy is not accounted for in the results. Mean maximum temperature between freeze cycles was 5.13°C (95% confidence interval: −0.1 to 10.3) in the clamped right kidney group and 22.7°C (95% confidence interval: −16.6 to 28.8) in the nonclamped left kidney group, P < .05. Mean cryolesion volume, estimated on computed tomography perfusion, was 12.4 mL (95% confidence interval: 10.35-14.4) in the clamped right kidney group and 6.85 mL (95% confidence interval: 5.57-8.14) in the nonclamped left kidney group, P < .05. Pathological examination shows a higher degree of vital cells in the intermediate zone of the cryolesions in the nonclamped left kidneys when compared with the clamped right kidneys.

Conclusion:

Arterial clamping increases cryolesion size by approximately 80%, and pathologic examinations suggest a decreased risk of vital cells in the intermediate zone. The clamped kidneys showed no sign of injury from the limited ischemic insult. This study was limited by being a nontumor model.
Culturally Responsive Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Authors: Zigarelli Julia C. , Jones Janine M. , Palomino Cinthia I. , Kawamura Reiko
Published: August 2016

This case study provides an analysis of culturally responsive cognitive behavioral therapy with a 15-year-old African American female. The focus of this case study is on the course of treatment and how it was influenced by the implementation of the Jones Intentional Multicultural Interview Schedule (JIMIS)—a process that was completed at the beginning of treatment. A total of 20 therapy sessions were recorded and transcribed for the analysis. The research team analyzed the data qualitatively by identifying culturally salient codes that were stated within each session and coding transcripts using Dedoose software version 6.1.18. Results showed that four culturally salient codes were prominent throughout treatment and that these codes were strongly related to African American culture: gender norms, informal kinship, socioeconomic status, and race/ethnicity. The connections between the coded themes, the cultural values of the client, as well as the implications for treatment outcomes are described. This study provides evidence of the value of initiating discussion of cultural factors at the beginning of treatment to shape the direction of evidence-based treatment. The study also suggests that integrating cultural factors with African American clients is important and does not reduce the quality of care or diminish from the fidelity of the evidence-based treatment. Based on these findings, recommendations for researchers and clinicians are also discussed.
Anti-inflammatory Effects of Phyllanthus emblica L on Benzopyrene-Induced Precancerous Lung Lesion by Regulating the IL-1β/miR-101/Lin28B Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wang Cheng-cheng , Yuan Jia-rui , Wang Chun-fei , Yang Nan , Chen Juan , Liu Dan , Song Jie , Feng Liang , Tan Xiao-bin , Jia Xiao-bin
Published: August 2016

Background. Phyllanthus emblica L (PEL), a well-known medical plant, has been used in Asian countries for a long time. Increasing evidence suggests that it can prevent the tumorigenesis of cancer associated with nonresolving inflammation. However, the possible anti-inflammatory mechanism responsible for preventing tumorigenesis of precancerous lung lesions is not well elucidated. Materials and methods. Male A/J mice were randomly divided into 5 groups with 10 mice in each group: (1) blank group (saline), (2) benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] group, (3) and (4) B(a)P + PEL (5 g/kg/d, 10 g/kg/d, administered by gavage), (5) B(a)P + celecoxib (30 mg/kg/d, administered by gavage). Nodes on the lung surface were observed and calculated. The levels of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-α), IL-1β, miR-101, and Lin28B protein levels were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results. PEL extract treatment significantly reduced the number of nodes on the lung surface and attenuated B(a)P-induced levels of proinflammatory cytokines MIP-2, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in lung tissue. The protein expressions of COX-2 and HIF-α were significantly decreased by the treatment of PEL. In addition, both PEL extract and celecoxib markedly upregulate the expression of miR-101 while downregulating IL-1β and Lin28B levels. Conclusion. Our study indicated that treatment with PEL extract can not only protect the lung from inflammatory injury but effectively prevent precancerous lung lesions through regulating the IL-1β/miR-i101/Lin28B signaling pathway.
Out-of-vehicle time-of-arrival-based localization in ultra-wide band
Authors: Kukolev Pavel , Chandra Aniruddha , Mikulášek Tomáš , Prokeš Aleš
Published: August 2016

The article presents out-of-vehicle channel measurement results in ultra-wide band spanning 3–11 GHz bandwidth using a vector network analyzer for localization applications. Experiments for different distances and different angles around the parked car are carried out. From the power delay profiles, the distance between the antennas is calculated exploiting the linear dependence of distance with line-of-sight delay peak. The coordinates of a transmitting antenna are found with the help of two receiving antennas following a two-dimensional time-of-arrival-based localization technique. A comparison of the calculated coordinates with the original exhibits an error of less than 6% which establishes the suitability of the proposed approach in locating other neighboring cars.
The Association Between Marijuana Usage and Discrimination Among Adult Black Men
Authors: Parker Lauren J. , Benjamin Troyana , Archibald Paul , Thorpe Roland J.
Published: August 2016

Black men may use marijuana as an externalizing coping mechanism to handle the chronic stress of discrimination. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between everyday and major discrimination and marijuana use among a national sample of Black men. Using the National Survey of American Life, logistic regression analyses was used to determine the association between recent marijuana use and everyday discrimination, major discrimination, and a fully adjusted model that include everyday and major discrimination among adult Black men ( n = 1,833). Additionally, a multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the association between the frequency of marijuana usage and everyday discrimination and major discrimination among men who used marijuana in the past year. Everyday discrimination was not associated with marijuana use. In the fully adjusted model, men who experienced major discrimination had a higher odds of marijuana use ( OR: 1.19, 95% CI [1.05, 1.34]), than those who did not control for everyday discrimination and covariates of interest. Among recent marijuana users, men who used almost every day had a decreased risks for major discrimination (RRR: 0.72, 95% CI [0.56, 0.92]), compared with men who used less than once a month. The findings suggest that recent marijuana use among Black men is associated with experiences of major discrimination. Interestingly, men who used almost every day had a decreased risk for major discrimination. Marijuana may be used as a coping mechanism.