bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHANGING FOOD HABIT - A RE-EVALUATION
Authors: Gopal K Niranjana , S.S Athri , R Jishnu
Published: December 2021

The supporting pillar of our body includes food, sleep & Bramacharya (Stay in conduct). A proper, optimum and skilful use of these triad maintains the integrity, physical, immunological strength, complexion, growth, nourish- ment, till full length of life. Among them food acts as the foundation or rather energy provider for the other two components. Most health problems develop due to the wrong eating habits and cooking methods.
When we look back, to 1970’s Kerala state had already achieved the criteria similar to the health status which was to be achieved in 2000 as per the WHO criteria. But unfortunately, the condition got altered and the state got into the list of top ten among the lifestyle disorders.
Foods are altered, treated, processed, coloured, sulphurated, embalmed, adulterated, preserved, pickled, cooked sterilised and pasteurized leading to deprivation of nutritional values, which is the curse of this age. The modern society got merged into the regimens of tea, coffee, cold- drinks, instant food, bottled and canned foods, alcohol consumption, smoking, drug addiction and so on. The commercial advertisement seems to bind a ready sale to the credulous miss informed public about the nutrition supplements. There is a high demand among the public for imported vegetables, fruits etc which actually do not suit the climate of India.
This article will throw the light in the necessity of rethinking the suitability according to seasons, places, climates, occupation, way of life etc, which is the matter of the hour. This in turn will ponder over the problem in a verycritical manner and analyse various merits and demerits to rearrange them for the upliftment of good health and living.
Keywords: food, Nidra (Sleep)
AYURVEDIC APPROACH TO COVID-19
Authors: Gupta Rachna , Chowdhary Amit
Published: December 2021

Today the whole world community is facing an unprecedented pandemic of novel corona virus disease (COVID- 19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV- 2). The disease has spread glob- ally with more than 20.3 million confirmed cases and 2, 22000 deaths in India only as of May 4, 2021. Despite worldwide efforts, the pandemic is continuing to spread, and no system of medicine has any evidence-based treatment for COVID-19 as yet. The dimensions of pandemic require an urgent harnessing of all knowledge sys- tems available globally. Drawing attention on the Ayurveda classics, contemporary scientific studies, and experi- ential knowledge on similar clinical settings, depending on the stage of infection among individuals, in a popula- tion, Ayurveda system of medicine requires immediate implementation. It will facilitate learning, generate evi- dence and shall be a way forward.
Keywords: COVID-19, Pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, Ayurveda, Immunity
ANALYSIS OF NIDANAS ON ASRIGDHARA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING
Authors: Fathima Noor , K.V Mamatha , Sirigere Nikitha
Published: December 2021

Asrigdhara/ Raktapradara is one among the Artavavyapath mentioned by our Acharyas. It can be a symptom in any disease or a disease in itself. The Tridoshakara nidanas mentioned in our classics leads to the manifestation of the disease, the pre-existing Srotodushti in the Garbhashaya and Artavavaha srotas. Any uterine bleeding outside the normal volume, duration, regularity or frequency outside of pregnancy is considered abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). Heavy menstrual bleeding defines prolonged or heavy cyclic menstruation. Objectively menstruation last- ing longer than 7 days or exceeding 80mL of blood loss are determining values. The causes of AUB can either be structural (PALM- Polyp, Adenomyosis, Leiomyoma, Malignancy) or non- structural (COEIN- Coagulopathy, Ov- ulatory dysfunction, Endometrial, Iatrogenic and Not yet classified). Abnormal uterine bleeding among women has a global prevalence of between 3-30% accounting for about one third of outpatient gynecology visits. This condition affects the quality life of women with socioeconomic and psychological well-being. The Nidanas, Samprapti of Asrigdhara and pathophysiology of abnormal uterine bleeding has been elaborately discussed in the present article which is need of the hour. Keywords: Asrigdhara, Artavavyapath, Tridoshakara nidanas, Artavavaha srotas, Abnormal uterine bleeding.
ALLEVIATING KNEE JOINT DISORDERS WITH AYURVEDIC JANU DHARA THERAPY – A REVIEW ARTICLE
Authors: Narine Avvinish , Garg Rajendra , Choudhary Kshiteeja , Mangal Gopesh
Published: December 2021

Janu Dhara is an Ayurvedic procedure where lukewarm medicated oil is poured over the knee joint for a certain period with the help of a Dhara Patra. The word Janu refers to knee and Dhara means to pour, mainly medicated oil. It is a very unique procedure mentioned as ‘Snehayukta Swedana’ due to the fact that it comprises both Snehana (therapeutic oleation) and Swedana (sudation therapy). The Taila (oil) used for this procedure does the Snehana and due to the Agni Samyoga in this procedure it has the resulting Swedana effect. Janu Dhara is advised in painful conditions caused mainly by Vata Dosha, usually for degenerative diseases, stiffness associated with bone, joint and or musculoskeletal pains, it relieves swelling and inflammation in the knee joint. At the end of the procedure perspiration is noticed and an increased range of motion can be observed. Previous clinical studies also suggest the efficacy of Janu Dhara in knee joint pain. Janu Dhara helps to tone muscles, provides lubrication and improves the working mobility of the joint.
Keywords: Ayurveda, Janu Dhara, Knee Joint, Panchakarma
CLINICAL APPLICATION OF DASHVIDHA PARIKSHA
Authors: Tiwari Lalit , Tiwari Shashi Kant
Published: December 2021

Ayurveda is the science which describe various method to examine the Rogi (patient). These methods are patient friendly because these does not require any complicate procedure and not costly to patient. It is necessary to as- sess the Bala (Strength) of the patient before starting the treatment. The best way to assess the Bala of patient is Dashvidha Pariksha as described by Acharya Charak. If physician does not examine the patient properly, he can give wrong treatment to patient. With the help of Dashvidha Pariksha we can assess the Bala of both Roga (Dis- ease) and Rogi (patient). VikritiPariksha (Examination of disease) is used to assess the Balaof Roga while other nine Pariksha are used to assess the Bala of Rogi (patient). On the basis of assessment of Dashvidha Pariksha physician can plan proper treatment for patient.
Keywords: Dashvidha Pariksha, Bala, Roga, Rogi.
AYURVEDIC PERSPECTIVE OF SHLESHMAJA KRIMI WSR TO INTESTINAL HELMINTHS
Authors: Dhasmana Rashi , KumarSingh Sanjay , Tanna Ila
Published: December 2021

Krimi has been known as disease causing agent since ancient times. The vast details of pathology of each Krimi is not found in our classics but the classification, morphology, etc are very well described. Acharya Charaka classi- fied Krimi into twenty types which come under two broad groups -Bahya and Abhyantara. Abhyantara Krimi be- ing sub-classified into Shleshmaja, Purishaja & Raktaja Krimi. Among these varieties of Krimi, Shleshmaja Kri- mi can be closely correlated with Intestinal Helminths. Modern Pharmacology consists of a variety of anthelmin- tic drugs which are efficient enough to treat helmintic infections but still recurrence of these infections is seen very commonly. The three-fold treatment of Ayurveda – Apkarshana, Prakruti Vighata & Nidana Parivarjana, as mentioned in Charaka Samhita can prove to be very helpful in eradicating such infections or Shleshmaja Krimiro- ga. Present study is an attempt to understand about Shleshmaja Krimi wsr to Intestinal Helminths.
Keywords: Shleshmaja, Krimi, Intestinal, Helminths, Treatment.
CONCEPTUAL STUDY OF PUNARNAVASHTAKA KSHEERABASTI IN GARBHINI SHOTHA (EDEMA IN PREGNANCY.)
Authors: Adhave Vibha Sheshrao , Nawale Vijay
Published: December 2021

Pregnancy is most beautiful phase of a women’s life its incredible journey that leads to great emotional fulfillment to women and Having a successful motherhood and continuation of pregnancy till term is very important. Garbhini Shotha (Edema in Gravidarum) is one of the most commonly found in Garbhini (Gravidarum) which mentioned in Garbhopadrava (Complications in pregnancy). There are 8 Upadravas (Complications) are mentioned in Harita Sanhita. On the basis of signs and symptoms Garbhini Shotha correlates with Pregnancy induced Hypertension (PIH) in Modern science. Number of causes have been Proposed but none of them has been proved It May leads to Preeclampsia which is life threatening convulsive disorder. Modern science has treatment on that, but it is not satisfactory it can lead side effects also so that I have tried to explain that Punarnavashtak Ksheerbasti this Ayur- vedic Medicine can overcome this problem by its Shothaghna (removing swelling) and anti-hypertensive Properties. This drug act with their different Properties on basis of causative factors of disease in early stages.
Keywords: Garbhini Shotha, Punarnavashtak Ksheerbasti, Punarnavashtaka Kwatha, Edema in pregnancy
“KERALIYA VISHESHA CHIKITSA WITH SPECIAL REFRENCE TO KAYASEKA”
Authors: Kabra Gayatri , G. Nair Parvathy , P P Pradeep Kumar , D Sudhakar
Published: December 2021

Kayaseka is speciality of keraliya Panchakarma which is modified form of Parisheka Sweda. It has both Snehana and Swedana effect. It yields good results in upper motor neuron lesion with spasticity and rigidity. It is indicated in traumatic conditions, musculoskeletal diseases and rejuvenation therapy. It has equivalent effect as that of Abhyantar Snehapana with appropriate selection of oil and proper techniques.
Keyword: Keraliya Panchakarma, Kayaseka, Pizhi chil, Spasticity, Rigidity, Musculoskeletal disease.
AYURVEDA APPROACH IN THE MANAGEMENT OF TRICHOMONAL VAGINITIS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO KAPHAJA YONIVYAPADA - A REVIEW
Authors: K Singh Neelam , Alok S Sengar , Bipin B Khuntia
Published: December 2021

Trichomonal vaginitis is a common sexually transmitted infection that can cause vaginitis, cervicitis and urethritis. Persistent and recurrent infections are frequent in women, potentially due to the lack of routine screening recommendations for this pathogen, chronic nature of some infections and drug resistance. Modern treatment involves the use of systemic and local antibiotics which create a number of inconveniences during their usage. There are few alternative treatment options for persons with a metronidazole allergy or treatment failure. Ayurveda provides many alternatives and can prove a boon to the ailing humanity not only by curing the disease but also by preventing their recurrences. In Ayurvedic texts, various conditions giving rise to white discharge per vaginum had been described. The signs and symptoms of Shleshmala Yonivyapada are more or less similar to Trichomonal vaginitis. In recent decades, numerous efforts have been made to select, extract, and find the mechanism of plant compounds against pathogens of sexually transmitted diseases. In this article, management of Trichomonas vaginitis reviewed through an Ayurvedic text is elaborated in detail.

Keywords Ayurveda, Kaphaja Yonivyapada, Trichomonal vaginitis, Yonistrava
ROTATOR CUFF TENDON INJURY - AN AYURVEDA MANAGEMENT WITH JALOUKAVACARANA
Authors: K.G Bhavya , M.J George
Published: December 2021

Most shoulder pain is related to muscle or tendon strain. Chronic pain is often triggered by prior injuries, especially if original injury was severe or was not allowed to heal completely. Shoulder injury can cause weakness, tenderness and loss of full joint mobility. More common and less traumatic causes include lifting, reaching and pulling move- ments that strain the muscles and tendons or sprain ligaments surrounding the shoulder joint. Injury may or may not be realized during the activity. Various conditions like shoulder joint impingement, frozen shoulder, and rotator cuff tendinitis have resembling symptoms under the umbrella of disease Avabahuka described in Ayurveda. Leech application was carried out in first stage where there is reduced vascular supply. Here a case report of a female aged 31years old, who had an acute on chronic rotator cuff strain from strenuous activity underwent three sittings of Jaloukavacarana.
Keywords: Rotator cuff tendon injury, Avabahuka, Jaloukavacarana.
ROLE OF VIRECHANA IN THE EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS W.S.R. TO PRAMEHA - A CASE STUDY
Authors: Joshi Vaishnavi , Huparikar Rajendra
Published: December 2021

Diabetes Mellitus refers to a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycemias. Depending upon factors contributing to hyperglycemia include reduced insulin secretion, glucose utilization and increased glucose production. Diabetes mellitus is now become most common among all diseases in the present era. In India, this is increasing rapidly and seems that India is going to be capital of Diabetes Mellitus in next coming years. According to Ayurvedic texts, Acharya Charaka has explained about Prameha which can be com- pared with Diabetes Mellitus. The main symptom of Prameha is ‘Prabhuta Aavila Mutrata. Tridosha dushti in Prameha progressively leads to affect Rasa, Meda, Shukra, Ambu, Lasika, Majja and Oja. All these affected Dosha and Dushya influence Basti and manifest the symptom like ‘Prabhuta Avila Mutrata’. Virechana was giv- en in this case because Acharya Charak has mentioned dushti of Kapha, Pitta and Vata is present in Prameha. Phalashruti of Virechana says that there is elimination of Dosha in the sequence of Vit (mala), Pitta, Kapha, Anil. Hence role of Virechana is important in the Chikitsa of Prameha.
Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Prameha, Samshodhan, Virechan.
A REVIEW OF JALUKAVACHARANA (LEECH THERAPY) IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THROMBOSED HAEMORRHOIDS - CASE REPORTS
Authors: A.P Basima , H Rejani , M.J George
Published: December 2021

Haemorrhoids are dilated veins within the anal canal in the subepithelial region formed by radicles of superior, middle and inferior rectal veins. It is a common ano-rectal disease. Thrombosed hemorrhoid is a painful swelling in the anal tissues caused by a clot in one or more small veins in the anal canal. According to modern science, there are many operative and non-operative procedures for the management of haemorrhoids. Most of the operative pro- cedures are not patient friendly, cause high economic burden and associated with complications like pain, bleeding and recurrence. Acharya Vagbhata defines Arsas (haemorrhoids) as an abnormal growth which obstructs the anal canal and troubles continuously like an enemy. Shalyatantra deals with Sastra karma (surgical procedures), Anusas- tra karma (parasurgical procedures) and conservative management in the different types of diseases. Jaluka is con- sidered as best among Anusastra. Acharya Vagbhata indicates Jalukavacharana in haemorrhoids when they are hard and swollen. The present article deals with Jalukavacharana in two patients having thrombosed haemorrhoids attended in outpatient department of VPSV Ayurveda College Kottakkal. Application of Jaluka (leech) provided improvement in features like pain, edema, tenderness and discoloration of mass.
Keywords: Thrombosed haemorrhoids, Arsha, Raktamokshana, Jalukavacharana.
Nefsin (Canın) Korunması İlkesine Muhalif Bazı Rivayetler ve Tahlili
Authors: ŞİŞMAN Merve
Published: December 2021

İslâm dininin korumayı amaçladığı beş temel unsur vardır. Bunlar; din, akıl, can, mal ve nesil güvenliğidir. Zarurât-ı hamse olarak da ifade edilen bu hususlar her insanın eşit şekilde sahip olduğu güvenlik haklarıdır. Ancak söz konusu hususların temini diğer insanların hakları ihlal edilmediği takdirde geçerli olmaktadır. Dolayısıyla kişiye karşı işlenen bazı suçlarda birtakım cezaî yaptırımlar din veya devlet tarafından uygulanagelmiştir. İslâm hukukunda kişilere uygulanan bazı cezaların kaynağı ise elbette Kur’an ve sünnettir. Kur’an’da suça mukabil verilen öldürme cezasına bakıldığında kısas cezası karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Rivayetlerde yer alan bu cezalandırma türünün ise çeşitlilik arz ettiği görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada nefsin korunması ilkesine muhalif olarak gelen bazı hadislerde yer alan “öldürme” emirlerine yer verilmiştir. Çalışmada öncelikle suç ve ceza kavramları ele alınmıştır. Ardından “öldürme” emri ile ilgili bazı rivayetlerin sened ve metin tahlili yapılarak, rivayetlerin sıhhat durumuna ve konu ile ilgili değerlendirmelere yer verilmiştir. Burada çalışmanın sınırları açısından sadece amelî konularda bazı hadisler ele alınmıştır.
Identification of the relationship between nursing students’ kolb learning styles and problem-solving skills
Authors: Seda Sahan  , Ayşegul Yildiz  , Sevil Sahin
Published: December 2021

Introduction: In order to maintain nursing care in the most effective and quality way in There lationship between patient and nurse and nurses to manage this dynamic process, problem solving skills must be developed. Individuals in the learning environment are people who are independent from each other and have different characteristics and share the same environment. Objectives: To determine the learning styles of individuals and to manage the education process. Method: This study was planned to determine There lationship between the learning styles and problem solving skills of the students who received nursing education. The universe of There search consisted of 130 students in İzmir Bakırçay University Faculty of Health Sciences Nursing Department. In the study, the data were collected between 1-29 February 2020. Results: It was determined that 26.9% of the students participating in the study were male and 73.1% were female. It was observed that 33.8% of the students had learning style that parses, 22.3% changes, 28.5% assimilates and 15.4% places. It was determined that the problem solving skills of the students were moderate according to the score they received from the problem solving inventory (X = 82,09). There was a significant relationship between participants' general problem solving approach levels and Kolb learning style groups (p = 0.04). Conclusion: It is thought that the education given to students' learning styles will support their problem solving skills and the success rate will increase.
Formulation of Nanostructured lipid particles
Authors: Kavita Rani  , Amit Kumar J. Raval  , Dinesh Kaushik  , Rajesh Khathuriya
Published: December 2021

Lipid nanocarriers are developed as an alternative to polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes and emulsions. NLCs are the second generation lipid carriers developed to overcome problems associated with Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and are utilized in various therapeutic approaches. NLCs were used for the delivery of lipophilic drugs .Biocompatible nature of lipids is responsible for its development as a good drug delivery. It was found to be having excellent characteristics over other lipid formulations.
A current update on viral classification, diagnosis and available treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Gift Eyareosowo Oden  , Himmat Singh  , Santosh Kumar Singh  , Abhay Raizada  , Gaurav Gupta
Published: December 2021

In December of 2019, an outbreak of a disease began at Wuhan, China and would later be named the coronavirus disease2019 (covid-19) by the World Health Organization and further declared a global pandemic. Since the onset of this disease, the pattern of day to day activities had been disrupted in a bid to curb this menace to society. This paper work touches on basic viral classification, as well as structure of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the main causative agent of covid-19. This review work also sheds light on symptoms associated with this disease, mode of transmission, method of diagnosis and medications available in treating the symptoms. Potential vaccines available in India are also discussed here.
Faktor - Faktor Pendukung Keputusan Rujukan Pasien pada Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat Pertama (FKTP) dengan metode Analytical Hierrarchy Process (AHP)
Authors: Magdalena Hilyah , Santoso Hadi , Meliansari Dita
Published: December 2021

Pratama Bakti Timah Clinic is one of the First Level Health Facilities (FKTP) that provides health services to the community in the Pangkalpinang area and its surroundings. In these health service activities, when a patient requires special medical care in terms of medical services, medical personnel, medical support, outpatient services, and inpatient services, the patient will be referred to a higher health facility. Considering the various factors that cause patients to be referred and there are several hospitals that are referred to, this condition is a multi-criteria and multi-alternative condition. To overcome this, it is necessary to design a decision support system that will make it easier for medical administration service officers at the Primary Clinic. The decision support system is designed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method which is able to accommodate multi-criteria and multi-alternative decision making. The results of data processing showed that the most important factor in the referral of FKTP patients at the Pratama Clinic was the outpatient service factor with a weight of 30.7%, the second factor was medical services 24.4%, the third factor was medical personnel 17.5%, the fourth factor was supporting medical services 15.9%, and the last is inpatient services 11.4%. While the first referral hospital is RSUD Ir. Soekarno with a weight of 31.1%, then Depati Hamzah Hospital with a weight of 27.5%, then Bakti Timah Hospital with 27.3%, and Bakti Wara Hospital with 14.1%.
Penerapan Asosiasi Algoritma Apriori Pada Data Penjualan Alat-Alat Listrik Dan Tekhnik
Authors: Atadjawa Regina Pihu , Haryanti Tuti , Kurniawati Laela
Published: December 2021

The incompatibility of information in reporting productsthat are sold, and data storage is very large, business people, especially in the sales business are required to find an appropriate strategy that can increase sales and marketing of products sold, one of which is by using electronic product sales data. Therefore, anapplication is needed that is able to sort and select data, so that information can be obtained that is useful for users, namely data mining. Associate patterns can be used to place products that are often purchased together into an area that is close together so as to facilitate the customer in finding the desired product and designing the appearance of products in the catalog. The method used is theApriori Algorithm method, with the help ofTanagra 1.4.50 tools and processing transaction data using Microsoft Excel 2007.
Simulation of Internal Pipe Flows in Gasoline Port Fuel Injection System under Steady State Condition
Authors: IKPE Aniekan , EKANEM Kufre , ETUK Ekom
Published: December 2021

Fluid flow models developed for pipe flows in gasoline port fuel injection system with different number of injectors working under steady state condition was simulated in this study using Flow Master Software. Using existing equations, theoretical analysis were computed for the same flow parameters and the results obtained for each parameter for both the simulation and theoretical approach were compared accordingly. The results obtained for theoretical approach and that of simulation had not shown much correlation due to the assumptions and computational errors. The pipe flow was simulated under steady state and the inlet pressure flowing across the circular pipe increased per unit time while fluctuations characterised by sinusoidal pattern were observed on the plot of total pressure at bends against time. The normal pressure while flowing along the pipe duct increased proportionally with the pipe length but suddenly experience a decline and picks up again as it encounters a bend. The mass flow rate of gasoline was observed to increases gradually as the simulation time progressed. For the three simulated outcomes, decrease were observed as the flow approaches bends along the circular pipe. Hence, the use of FLOWMASTER software in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFDs) can help in predicting flow characteristics in hydraulic computations.
Influence of Working Capital Management and Policy to Profitability of Retail Trading Sector in Indonesia
Authors:   School of Business and Management Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia, Tjandra Eric
Published: December 2021

Working Capital (WC) is an important aspect of any firms because of its correlation to risk (liquidity) and return (profitability). This research examines the influence of WC Management and Policy (WCMP) to profitability of 21 listed retail trading sector firms in Indonesia from 2011-2020 using panel data regression. In this research, WC Management (WCM) is measured by Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC) and its components which are Days Sales Outstanding (DSO), Days Inventory Outstanding, and Days Payable Outstanding (DPO); WC Policy is measured current assets divided by total assets or referred to as WC Investment Policy (WCIP) and current liabilities divided by total assets or referred to as WC Financing Policy (WCFP); and profitability is measured by Earnings Before Interest, Tax, Depreciation, and Amortization Margin (EBITDAM). The results show that firms can increase EBITDAM by shortening CCC, primarily through shortening DIO and lengthening DPO. Further, firms may improve EBITDAM by adopting a conservative WC Policy instead of an aggressive one, which means having higher current assets and lower current liabilities with respect to total assets.
Adult Still's disease: New horizons
Authors: Nasonov E. L. , Feist E.
Published: December 2021

Still's disease in children (systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis - JIA) and adult Still's disease (ASD) are considered as systemic autoinflammatory diseases of unknown etiology, which are based on similar immunopathogenetic mechanisms associated with genetically determined disorders of the mechanisms of innate immunity. ASD was first described 50 years ago by the English rheumatologist Eric George Lapthorne Bywaters. The molecular basis of ASD immunopathogenesis is the activation of innate immunity associated with NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent mechanisms of inflammation, characterized by the overproduction of “pro-inflammatory” cytokines - interleukin (IL) 1 and IL-18, inducing the synthesis of other proinflammatory inflammatory mediators. A review of new data concerning the mechanisms of immunopathology, clinical polymorphism, laboratory biomarkers and the possibilities of ASD pharmacotherapy is presented.

Particular attention is paid to the prospects for the use of monoclonal antibodies to IL-1β - canakinumab. The problems associated with the generality of clinical and laboratory disorders, pathogenetic mechanisms and pharmacotherapy of ASD and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are considered.
Course and outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseases: Preliminary data from the NIIR/APP-COVID-19 registry and literature review
Authors: Nasonov E. L. , Belov B. S. , Lila A. M. , Aronova E. S. , Gridneva G. I. , Kudryavtseva A. V. , Sokol E. V. , Torgashina A. V. , Vinogradova I. B. , Abdulganieva D. I. , Zimenko A. Yu.
Published: December 2021

The materials of the Russian NIIR/ARP-COVID-19 database, which included adult (over 18 years old) patients with immuno-inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IIRD) who underwent COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), and a literature review concerning the course and outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with these diseases, are presented. From July 17, 2020 to April 23, 2021, 156 messages were received and analyzed. The study group was represented mainly by women (75%). The average age of patients was 52.0±14.8 years, of which 53 (33.9%) patients were aged 60 years and older. The most frequent clinical manifestations of COVID-19 were fever (62.2%), cough (40.4%), anosmia (37.8%), shortness of breath (33.3%). During the course of COVID-19, computed tomography of the chest organs was performed in 143 patients. When assessed on an “empirical” visual scale, stage 0 of lung lesion was observed in 49 (34.3%) patients, stage 1 in 40 (28%), stage 2 in 35 (24.5%), stage 3 in 19 (13.2%), stage 4 in 0. In the study group, a favorable outcome was observed in 137 (97.9%) patients. Fatal outcome was registered in 3 patients. The effect of COVID-19 on the course of IIRD was assessed in 131 patients: in 52 (39.7%) patients, the course of IIRD worsened, in 1 (0.8%) it improved, in 78 (59.5%) there was no effect. Literature data on the risk of infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the course and outcomes of COVID-19 in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases are contradictory, which dictates the need to continue collecting data on the rheumatological problems of COVID-19 in the Russian patient population, taking into account international experience.
The effect of therapy on subclinical atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries in patients with calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition disease and osteoarthritis (pilot study)
Authors: Eliseev M. S. , Zhelyabina O. V. , Chikina M. N. , Markelova E. I. , Kirillova I. G. , Korsakova Yu. O. , Kobriseva A. A.
Published: December 2021

Endothelial dysfunction associated with chronic microcrystalline inflammation plays a role in the progression of atherosclerosis in calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition diseases (CPPD).

The aim of the study was to assess the dynamics of the development of atherosclerosis based on changes in the thickness of the intima-media complex (ICIM) of the carotid arteries (CA) in patients with CPPD receiving long-term anti-inflammatory therapy (colchicine, methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine).

Materials and methods. 26 patients with CPPD and 26 patients with osteoarthritis aged over 18 years old were included. Exclusion criteria: age >65 years; presence of cardiovascular diseases. The blood lipid spectrum, hs-CRP level, anthropometric parameters were determined for all, and Doppler ultrasound ultrasonography of the carotid arteries (CA) was performed. Patients were followed up for not <6 months, assessed ICIM CA at 1 visit, then patients with CPPD, at the discretion of the attending physician, were prescribed methotrexate at a dose of 15 mg per week, hydroxychloroquine 200 mg 1 time per day or colchicine 0.5 mg 2 times a day. Patients could take NSAIDs if they were in pain. The SCORE index has been calculated for everyone.

Results. Initially, ICIM values did not differ in patients with CPPD and OA. Initially, ICIM>0.9 mm were detected in 11 of 22 (50%) patients with CPPD and in OA in 8 of 19 (42%) (p=0.39). In dynamics, patients with CPPD revealed a decrease in the number of patients with ICIM>0.9 mm from 42 to 18%. At the same time, in 8 patients with CPPD, ICIM>0.9 mm was combined with a CRP level >0.2 mg/l. Out of 22 patients with CPPD, 14 (64%) patients showed a decrease in the mean values of ICIM, in 2 (9%) patients - an increase, in 5 patients the mean values of ICIM did not change. After 6 months of therapy, out of 11 patients with CPPD with ICIM >0.9 mm, after 6 months of therapy, in 7 cases there was a decrease in the indicator less than the specified value, in 5 of them a decrease in serum CRP level <2 mg/l was recorded. In patients with CPPD, the serum CRP level significantly decreased; in patients with OA, it did not change. Out of 19 patients with OA, 9 (47%) patients showed an increase in the mean ICIM over time, while the rest did not change. In those treated with hydroxychloroquine, a decrease in the mean ICIM parameters was observed in 5 out of 6 (83%) patients, colchicine - in 6 out of 9 (67%) patients, methotrexate - in 4 out of 7 (57%) patients.

With CPPD, the result of therapy with colchicine, methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine in relation to the development of the initial signs of atherosclerosis according to Doppler ultrasound ultrasonography of CA can be realized based on the presence of chronic inflammation.
Progression of sacroiliitis in men and women according to the cohort of early axial spondyloarthritis (CORSAR) over 3 years of follow-up
Authors: Timokhina D. G. , Dubinina T. V. , Demina A. B. , Krichevskaya O. A. , Erdes Sh. F.
Published: December 2021

Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory disease with predominant involvement of the sacroiliac joints (SIJ) and/or the spine. Despite the fact that the prevalence of axSpA is almost the same in men and women, there is evidence of a delay in diagnosis and a more severe course of the disease in females. The available reports on the progression of structural changes in the SIJ in men and women with early axSpA are contradictory. Meanwhile, the analysis of radiographic progression in the SIJ has fundamental importance both for timely diagnosis and for assessing the effectiveness of therapy in axSpA. Such studies have not yet been carried out in the Russian Federation.

Objective: to assess the radiographic progression of sacroiliitis (SI) over 3 years in men and women with early axSpA.

Material and methods. The study included patients from the cohort of early axSpA CORSAR, formed at the V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology. Currently, it includes 175 patients with axSpA. We analyzed the data of 64 patients, followed for at least 3 years. To assess the radiographic progression of the disease at baseline and after 3 years, the sum of X-ray stages of SI in the left and right SIJ was determined (the total stage of SI). Progression was assessed by the change in the total stage of SI in the right and left SIJ (0-8) during the observation period. We also calculated the proportion of patients with deterioration (increase in the total stage of SI by at least 1 stage), with improvement (decrease in the total stage of SI by at least 1 stage) and without progression. In order to fully exclude the error in measuring the radiographic progression of SI, we counted patients with “net” progression, that is, the proportion of patients with improvement was subtracted from the proportion of patients with deterioration.

Results. Among 64 patients with early axSpA, there were 37 (57.8%) men and 27 (42.2%) women. For 3 years, the median of the total stage SI in men was 0 [0; 1], in women - 0 [0; 2] (p>0.05). When assessing the progression of the total stage SI over 3 years, no significant differences were found between the number of men and women with improvement, with deterioration, “net” progression and without progression. Men with early axSpA showed a higher level of C-reactive protein (CRP) at baseline, women had higher BASDAI and ASDAS CRP values after 3 years. In 8% of patients, there was a regression of X-ray signs of SI.

Conclusion. The radiographic progression of SI in patients with early axSpA does not depend on gender and disease activity. In some patients with early axSpA, reverse development of structural damage to the SIJ is possible.
The effect of late diagnosis on survival and risk of vascular complications in Takayasu's arteritis patients
Authors: Borodina I. E. , Popov A. A. , Shardina L. A.
Published: December 2021

Aim. To assess the effect of late diagnosis on survival and risk of vascular complications in Takayasu's arteritis (TA) patients.  Methods. 183 patients with TA who were treated at the Sverdlovsk Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1 during the period from 01.01.1979 to 31.04.2018 were examined. There were 139 women and 44 men included, median age at the time of diagnosis being 35 [24; 44] years in females and 34 [26.5; 42] years in males and a median interval from the first symptoms onset to the diagnosis of 3 [1; 7] and 4 [1.5; 8] years respectively. The diagnosis of TA met the ACR criteria (1990).

Results. During the follow-up period, 31 deaths were observed (18 in males and 13 in females). The median age of death for women was 36 [32-44] years, for men - 50 [40-57] years. Cardiovascular complications were recorded in 72 patients (27 men and 45 women). Vascular complications and namely acute cerebrovascular accident observed in 31 (43%) patients, including ischemic stroke in 24 (35%), transient ischemic attack in 3 (3%) and hemorrhagic stroke in 4 (6%) were the most frequent. Arterial thromboses were registered in 32 (44%) cases. In 162 (88.5%) patients, the diagnosis was established more than six months after the appearance of the first symptoms.

At the primary physician visit in 71 (39%) patients, the initial diagnosis was erroneous. The most common symptoms they had were regarded as a manifestation of arterial hypertension (in 18% cases). 4 years or more interval from the onset of TA symptoms to diagnosis was associated with a significant cardiovascular events odds increase (OR=1.8; 95% CI: 1.07-3.34) and premature death by the 5th year of follow-up (OR=2.9; 95% CI: 1,27-6,55).

Conclusion. In the retrospective TA cohort setting, late diagnosis verification and delayed treatment initiation were associated with an increased risk of premature death and severe vascular complications, described earlier in other samplings. Timely diagnosis and as early as possible appropriate treatment administration can prevent the disease progression and disabling complications occurrence.
Mehmet Akif İnan’ın Sûfî Kişiliği
Authors: TENİK Ali
Published: December 2021

Mehmet Akif İnan, Türkiye sendikacılığının önde gelen bir siması olarak bilinmesinin yanı sıra şâir ve yazarlığıyla da toplumun ekseriyeti tarafından tanınan bir şahsiyettir. Fakat sûfî kişiliği pek bilinmemektedir. Yapılan araş-tırmada İnan’a daha mücadeleci ve aktif karakter sağlayan hakikat, bilinmeyen tasavvuf ve tarîkat yönüdür. O, tasavvuf terbiyesinin kazandırdığı ahlâkla, insanlara önceden gösterdiği fedakârlığın daha fazlasını gösterir. İnan, tasavvuf ilmiyle benlik dönüşümünü gerçekleştirdikten sonra hem sendika çalışmalarında hem yazılarında ve şiirlerinde neslin kendi öz kültürü ve medeniyetiyle yetişmesi için gayret göstermiştir. İnan’ın tarîkata intisabı yakın çevresi tarafından hayretle karşılanırken, tasavvufun kendisine kazandırdığı hal ile insanları kucaklaması, onların dertlerini paylaşması, arkadaşları tarafından "entelektüel derviş" olarak vasıflandırılır. Bu konuda yakın arkadaşları ve kendisini tanıyanlardan birçok eleştiri almıştır. Bu çalışmada, İnan’ın hayatı, eserleri, hayat mücadelesi ve pek bilinmeyen sûfî kişiliği ele alınmaktadır.
Synthesis of carbon nanostructures using microwave enhanced chemical vapor deposition
and its potential application to ammonia sensing
Authors: Kure Nicodemus , Yunusa Zainab , Niza Hamidon , Daniel Isaac Hyuk , Lakin Ibrahim
Published: December 2021

In this paper, Carbon Nanostructures (CNS) were directly synthesized on gallium
orthophosphate (GaPO4). An alternative microwave enhanced chemical vapor deposition
(MECVD) technique was used to synthesized the CNS via commercial microwave oven with
operating power of 600 W at 2.45 GHz. Microwave heating provides the temperature for
catalytic decomposition of polyethylene at 750 °C for 4 minutes under atmosperic pressure of 0.81 mbar. Characterization of the as-grown CNS was carried out using Raman spectroscopy and Field Emission Scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Raman spectroscopic investigation reveals the CNS quality of 0.92 and the field emission Scanning electron microscope (FESEM) analysis shows twisted hollow-like CNS structures. The material was deployed as a sensor without any post treatment so as to investigate its potential application in the sensor industry. Different concentrations of ammonia (NH3) gas from 0.06% to 1% were exposed.
Investigation of Groundwater Potential Using Electromagnetic Method at a Basement Complex Area of University of Abuja, Gwagwalada
Authors: Adokiye Onoka , Abu Mallam
Published: December 2021

The Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic Method (VLF-EM) was used in view of detecting fractured or weathered zones within the University of Abuja Staff Quarters, Gwagwalada, Federal Capital Territory. The VLF -EM data measured along seventeen profiles of 400m at inter profile distance of 25m and interstation separation of 10m were done using the Scintrex ENVI Instrument. The VLF-EM survey revealed features significant to groundwater potential as conductive zones in the Fraser Filter maps and current density pseudosections. Three distinct zones were delineated based on the current density distribution. The fresh basement terrain corresponds to the highly resistive zone with current density value less than -20. The intermediate zone has current density value range of -20 to 25 typical of rocks and soil component which are slightly resistive to slightly conductive and corresponds to the partially saturated units. The third zone is highly conductive with current density value greater than 30 which includes the saturated weathered or fractured basement, fault zones, clay units and
saturated sandy units within the study area. The north eastern, north western (profiles 1-8) and some parts of the southern region (profiles 16 and 17) of the study area show higher conductive zones than the central parts of the study area. This survey has helped in detecting sites that are suitable for groundwater exploration by identifying water bearing fractures and weathered zones in the study area. The areas with high conductivity response are areas with conductive overburden material such as clayey soil, saturated soil, water filled fractures and faults or weathered zone within the basement.
Effect of Doping Concentration on Structural Stability and Formation Energy of the Fluorine Doped Hexagonal Molybdenum Dioxide (MoO2). A First Principle Study.
Authors: Tanko Yakubu , Shuaibu Alhassan , Abdulrahman Aminu , Olusola Oyedare , Isa Mustapha , Yamusa Aminu
Published: December 2021

The structural properties of undoped and Fluorine doped Hexagonal Molybdenum dioxide (MoO2) with different doping concentrations have been calculated using Density Functional Theory (DFT) within Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) as implemented in Quantum Espresso (QE). The calculated results were for the formation energy of 4.17%, 8.33%, 12.5%, of F doped MoO2 are 232.5eV, 463.0eV, and 698.5eV respectively, which show the variation of energy based on the increase in the doping concentration that led to having the breakage of bond in the structure of the compound. The undoped and 4.17% of F doped MoO2 have three free atoms, which maintain the stability of the structure, but when the doping concentration was
increased, the bond breaks simultaneously which led to having four and five free atoms for 8.33%, and 12.5% of F doped MoO2 respectively. This makes 4.17% of F doped MoO2 with 17.09Ry more stable. Similarly, the bond length of undoped MoO2 was 2.2505pm, but when doped with 4.17% of F it changes to 2.3030pm which indicates a greater stability of the structure concentrations of the dopant above 4.17% reduced the bond length, which made the structure less stable.
Electrical Resistivity Investigation of the Bedrock Geometry of the Northern Sector of Kujama Prison Farm Kaduna, Nigeria
Authors: Ocheja Esther , Dogara Matoh , Aboh Hyacinth , Dawai Amina
Published: December 2021

An electrical resistivity investigation was carried to investigate the bedrock geometry of the northern part of Kujama Prisons Farm Kaduna using the Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) method. The study is aimed at obtaining information on the subsurface layering for future civil engineering works. The area covered was 200,000 sqm having five (5) profiles with six (6) geophysical investigative points on each profile and separated 100 m apart. Ohm-Mega resistivity meter was used for the Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and Thirty (30) points were established. To interpret the VES data, Res 1D iterative software, surfer 11 and Oasis Montaj software were used and it revealed three to five subsurface layers having Topsoil thickness between 0.3 - 2 m and resistivity between 104 - 4824 Ωm also, the last layer considered as the weathered/fractured/fresh basement has an infinite thickness with resistivity ranging from 45 - 10173 Ωm and the average overburden thickness of the area found to be 17.8 m. The VES found fresh basement at points A3(6151 ΩM), A6(5089 ΩM), B3(1067 ΩM), E5(10173 ΩM) and E6(1100 ΩM). From the study it is suggestive that the bedrock geometry has been irregularly configured over geological times due to effects of intense weathering. Therefore, the investigation revealed the study area may be considered for civil works of low bearing capacity.
Detection Efficiency of a NaI (Tl) Gamma Spectrometry System for Measurement of Low
Level Radioactivity
Authors: Ebibuloami Biere , Ayorinde Ogunremi , Oluwagbenga Aina , Kugbere Emumejaye , Adeola Olaoye , Olalekan Mustapha
Published: December 2021

Qualitative analysis of radionuclides requires the use of reliable gamma-ray detection system. The NaI(Tl) detector has been widely used and still one of the most used detectors today. It is therefore imperative to validate the reliability of the 5x5 cm2 NaI(Tl) gamma spectrometry system used in carrying out gamma-ray analysis of soil samples in the Radiation and Health Laboratory, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Nigeria. The gamma ray spectrometer is housed in a 5 cm thick cylindrical lead shield. Calibration was executed using standard materials produced under the auspices of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Resolution and detection limit (LD) of the detector were determined using full width at half the maximum of the energy peak of 137Cs and background signal level of the reference materials respectively. Counting efficiencies of the detector was calculated using energies of 1460 keV, 1764keV and 2615 keV for 40K, 226Ra and 232Th respectively. Secondary samples, RGMIX1 and RGMIX2 were formulated and counted to calculate activity concentrations using the
NaI(Tl) detector. Resolution of the detector was calculated to be 7.8% of 137Cs, which is good for a NaI(Tl) detector. The counting efficiency of the detector is seen to depend on the gamma ray energy. The results from this work shows that the detector system is suitable gamma spectrometry, and will give quality measurements when used for quantitative determination of radionuclides in environmental samples. The efficiency and resolution of the NaI(Tl) detector should also be determined using photon energies obtained from other radioactive sources.
Distal Hipospadias Cerrahisinde Daha İyi Bir Görünüme Yol Açan Modifikasyon: Frenuloplasti
Authors: SUZEN Alev , KARAKUŞ S. Cüneyt
Published: December 2021

Distal hipospadias cerrahisinde yaygın olarak kullanılan tekniklere eklediğimiz frenuloplasti modifikasyonu ile ilgili sonuçlarımızı sunmak. Haziran 2008 ile Aralık 2019 tarihleri arasında frenuloplasti ile modifiye edilmiş distal hipospadias cerrahisi uygulanan 306 çocuk geriye dönük olarak incelendi. Bizim tekniğimizde, üretral plağa kadar uzanan çepeçevre sünnet insizyonu yerine, koronal sulkusun yaklaşık 1 cm proksimalinden posterior ve lateralden insize edildikten sonra bu insizyon anteriorda oblik seyreden mukokutanöz bileşke boyunca devam ettirilerek frenular kanatlar oluşturuldu. Frenuloplasti modifikasyonunun başarılı bir şekilde uygulanması için glans yeterince disseke edildi. Üretroplasti sonrası glans kanatları ve frenular kanatlar gergin olmayacak şekilde yaklaştırıldı. Penis derisini ventralde glansın hemen altına dikmek yerine frenulum oluşturuldu ve sünnetli bir çocuğun penisine benzer bir görünüm elde edildi. Hastaların ortalama yaşı 3.93±3.3 yıl idi. Ortalama takip süresi 19±6.17 aydı. Hastaların 15'inde (%4.9) glanüler, 72'sinde (%23.5) koronal, 143'ünde (%46.7) subkoronal ve 67'sinde (%21.9) penil yerleşimli üretral meatus mevcuttu. Dokuz (%2.9) hastada megamatus ve intakt prepisyum tespit edildi. 16 (%5.2) olguda MAGPI, 264 hastada (%86.3) TIPU, 17 olguda üretral mobilizasyon/ilerletme ve 9 hastada GAP tekniği kullanıldı. 28 (%9.2) hastada komplikasyon meydana geldi. Hastaların 11’inde (%3.6) üretrokutanöz fistül oluşumu, 17’sinde (%5.6) meatal darlık ve 1 (%0.3) olguda onarımda ayrılma gözlendi. Meatusun yerinden ve kullanılan hipospadias onarım tekniğinden bağımsız olarak kullanılabilen frenuloplasti modifikasyonu, normal sünnetli penis görünümü oluşturarak tatmin edici kozmetik sonuçlar sağlamaktadır.