bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Analgesic Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Quadratus Lumborum Block Versus Ultrasound-Guided Caudal Block for Hip Surgery in Pediatrics: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Salim Islam M. , Rahwan Shimaa M. EL. , Elyazd Mohamed M. Abu , Elnasr Lobna M. Abo
Published: April 2021

Background: Ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum (QL) block, is local anesthetic technique providing perioperative somatic, perhaps even visceral, analgesia for patients of all ages. The aim of this study is to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided anterior QL block versus ultrasound-guided caudal block in pediatric patients undergoing hip surgery.

Patients and Methods: This prospective, randomized study was carried out on seventy patients aged 1-7 years, of both with ASA physical status I or II scheduled for elective surgical correction of developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH).

Anterior QL Block Group: Patients received ipsilateral ultrasound-guided anterior QL block after induction of general anesthesia using of bupivacaine 0.25% (0.5 mL/kg).

Caudal Block Group: Patients received ultrasound-guided caudal block after induction of general anesthesia using of bupivacaine 0.25% (0.75 mL/kg). Postoperative pain scores were assessed on admission to PACU and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18 and 24 h postoperative. Total intraoperative fentanyl (µg) consumption, total postoperative rescue analgesic (morphine) consumption, time to the first rescue analgesic administration and Parent satisfaction were assessed. Heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure had been recorded pre–operative, every 15 min intra-operative , and postoperative on admission to PACU and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18 and 24 h postoperative. Any undesirable side effects during the first 24 hours such as, bradycardia, hypotension, local hematoma at the side of injection, nausea and vomiting had been recorded.

Results: The median FLACC score was significantly lower in anterior QL block group than caudal block group at 4,6,8 and 12h postoperative (P<0.001). Total intraoperative fentanyl (µg) consumption was insignificant different between both groups (P=0.862). Post-operative morphine consumption was significantly lower in anterior QL group compared to caudal group (P<0.001). Time to first postoperative analgesic requirement was significantly prolonged in anterior QL block group compared to caudal block group (P < 0.001). The incidence of nausea and vomiting was insignificantly different between both groups (P > 0.999).

Conclusions: Ultrasound-guided anterior QL block provided effective and long lasting postoperative analgesia than ultrasound-guided caudal block with lesser postoperative analgesic consumption in pediatric patients undergoing surgical correction of DDH.
Strength Development, Muscle and Tissue Damage in Different Training Models
Authors: Akbulut Taner , Çinar Vedat , Öner Salih , Erdoğan Ramazan
Published: April 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of during six weeks core and weight lifting trainings on strength development, muscle and tissue damage which may occur.

Method: The research group consisted of sixteen volunteers who participated in the same age group. Participants were divided into two groups, core training group (n: 8) and weight lifting training group (n: 8). Participants continued to the program for the group to which the belonged lasted for three days a week for six weeks. Participant’s performance measures (Back and leg strength, hand grip strength, vertical jump) were taken and blood samples were taken twice at rest before and at the end of the training sessions. AST, ALT, LDH, CK and CK-MB levels were determined in the blood samples taken. SPSS 22 package program was used in the analysis of the obtained data. Paired samples t test was used for intra-group comparisons.

Results: When intra-group analyses are made; there were significant differences in the leg strength, vertical jump, CK and CK-MB values of the weight lifting training group, it was determined that only differences in back and leg strength values occurred in the core training group(p<0,05).

Conclusion: As a result, both core and weight lifting training have led to some improvement in strength parameters. It can be said that especially weight lifting training also causes muscle damage as well as strength development.
The Effects of Topical Olive Oil on the Pain Intensity among Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Ghaysouri Abas , Iri Golbahar , Meisami Amirhosein , Borji Milad , Soltany Behrouz
Published: April 2021

Given the importance of relieving pain and disability experienced by the patients, the present study aimed to study the Effects of topical olive oil on the pain intensity among patients with knee osteoarthritis. The patients were randomly assigned into the experimental (28 patients) and control groups (27 patients). Firstly, in tropical olive oil (TOO) group, a high-quality olive oil, branded as Famila was used and in the control group, Diclofenac gel was applied. In experimental groups, 5 drops of herbal oils were applied to the knee thrice a day at morning, noon and evening and the knees were covered with a nylon sheet for more absorption. The patients were followed up for 4 weeks and their capability and pain intensities were evaluated prior the study, during the first week, the second week and the fourth week with Visual Analogue Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical tests by SPSS V. 16 software. According to the findings, also the Mean (SD) pre-intervention Pain score in experimental group A was 8.10(0.91), which decreased to 1.78(0.78) after the intervention and in the control group from 8.55(0.69) to 3.85(0.98). Due to the greater effect of olive oil compared to Diclofenac gel on reducing pain of patients with KOA, it is recommended that patients use olive oil. Further studies are also recommended.
Androgen receptor signalling confers clonogenic and migratory advantages in urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder
Authors: Luna‐Velez Maria V. , Dijkstra Jelmer J. , Heuschkel Marina A. , Smit Frank P. , van de Zande Guillaume , Smeets Dominique , Sedelaar J. P. Michiel , Vermeulen Michiel , Verhaegh Gerald W. , Schalken Jack A.
Published: April 2021

Bladder urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) incidence is about three times higher in men compared with women. There are several indications for the involvement of hormonal factors in the aetiology of UCC. Here, we provide evidence of androgen signalling in UCC progression. Microarray and qPCR analysis revealed that the androgen receptor (AR) mRNA level is upregulated in a subset of UCC cases. In an AR‐positive UCC‐derived cell line model, UM‐UC‐3‐AR, androgen treatment increased clonogenic capacity inducing the formation of big stem cell‐like holoclones, while AR knockdown or treatment with the AR antagonist enzalutamide abrogated this clonogenic advantage. Additionally, blockage of AR signalling reduced the cell migration potential of androgen‐stimulated UM‐UC‐3‐AR cells. These phenotypic changes were accompanied by a rewiring of the transcriptome with almost 300 genes being differentially regulated by androgens, some of which correlated with AR expression in UCC patients in two independent data sets. Our results demonstrate that AR signals in UCC favouring the development of an aggressive phenotype and highlights its potential as a therapeutic target for bladder cancer.
Desulfococcaceae
Authors: Watanabe Miho , Fukui Manabu , Kuever Jan
Published: April 2021

De.sul.fo.coc.ca.ce'ae. N.L. masc. n.
Desulfococcus
, type genus of the family; suff. ‐
aceae
, ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Desulfococcaceae
, the family of
Desulfococcus
.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfobacteria / Desulfobacterales / Desulfococcaceae

Cells are oval to lemon shaped and occur singly, in pairs, or as multicellular filaments. Gram‐stain‐negative. Endospores are not observed. Motility is restricted to filaments by gliding, and other forms are nonmotile. Strict anaerobes with a respiratory type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophic. Simple organic compounds such as formate, fatty acids, dicarboxylic acid, or aromatic compounds (some species) serve as sole electron donors and carbon sources and are oxidized to CO
2
via the anaerobic C
1
‐pathway (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase [CODH] or Wood–Ljungdahl pathway). Chemolithoautotrophic growth on H
2
and CO
2
might occur. Sulfate and often also sulfite and thiosulfate serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to sulfide. Fermentation of organic compounds is restricted to the genus
Desulfococcus
. Mesophilic. The major menaquinones are MK‐7 and MK‐9. Desulfoviridin is only present in the genus
Desulfonema
. Cytochromes of the c type might occur. The family currently accommodates two genera. Members of this family are found in anoxic sediments of freshwater, brackish water, and marine systems.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 38.2–58.3 (
T
m
, LC, genome).

Type genus
:
Desulfococcus
Widdel 1981
VP
(Effective publication: Widdel 1980).
Smithellaceae
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan
Published: April 2021

Smith.el.la.ce'ae. N.L. fem. n.
Smithella
, type genus of the family; suff. ‐
aceae
, ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Smithellaceae
, the family of
Smithella
.

Desulfobacterota / Syntrophia / Syntrophales / Smithellaceae

Cells are rod shaped and elongated and occur singly or in pairs. Gram‐stain‐negative. Endospores are not observed. Weakly motile. Strict anaerobes with fermentative and syntrophic types of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophic. Grows in pure culture on crotonate as energy source; other organic compounds such as butyrate, propionate, malate, and fumarate are only used in syntrophic association with H
2
‐ or formate‐utilizing microorganisms. Mesophilic and neutrophilic. The major menaquinone, polar lipids, and fatty acids are not known. The family currently accommodates a single genus
Smithella
. Seems to be present only in methanogenic environments in which propionate is degraded, such as anaerobic digestors and oil fields.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: Not reported.

Type genus
:
Smithella
Liu et al. 1999
VP
.
Desulfosudaceae
fam. nov.
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan
Published: April 2021

De.sul.fo.su.da.ce'a.e. N.L. fem. n.
Desulfosudis
, a type genus of the family; suff. ‐
aceae
, ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Desulfosudaceae
, the family of
Desulfosudis
.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfobacteria / Desulfobacterales / Desulfosudaceae

Cells are rod shaped and occur singly or in pairs. Gram‐stain‐negative. Endospores are not observed. Nonmotile. Strict anaerobes with a respiratory type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophs. Long chain alkanes and alkenes and short and long‐chain fatty acids are oxidized to CO
2
via the anaerobic C
1
‐pathway (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase [CODH] or Wood–Ljungdahl pathway). Sulfate serves as terminal electron acceptor and is reduced to sulfide. Neutrophile, with the optimal pH range for growth of 7.0–7.2. Mesophile, with the optimal temperature for growth of 28°C. The major menaquinone and polar lipids are not known. The cellular fatty acid profiles depend on the growth substrates. The family currently accommodates a single genus
Desulfosudis
. The type strain of the genus was isolated from an oil/water separator of an oilfield close to Hamburg, Northern Germany. Seems to be present only in oil‐polluted anoxic marine systems.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 56.2 (genome).

Type genus
:
Desulfosudis
gen. nov. Galushko and Kuever, 2020.
An algebraic, distributed state observer for continuous‐ and discrete‐time linear time‐invariant systems with time‐varying communication graphs
Authors: Ortega Romeo , Nuño Emmanuel , Bobtsov Alexey
Published: April 2021

In this paper we address the problem of distributed state
estimation of continuous‐ and discrete‐time stable, LTI systems. The
classical observer canonical form representation of the system dynamics is used
to identify the observable states for each node (agent). The main novelty of
our contribution is to obviate the need of the asymptotically (or finite‐time)
local Luenberger observers. Instead, following the generalized parameter
estimation‐based observer design approach, we use the state transition matrix
of the system to translate the problem of reconstruction of the observable
states into one of parameter estimation‐‐‐namely, the initial conditions
of the associated trajectory. Exploiting the local observability property of
the agents we prove that, with a simple sample‐and‐hold or finite summation
operation, it is possible to estimate these parameters algebraically.
Consensus strategies are then used to fuse the parameter estimates of all
agents to reconstruct the complete state vector. Asymptotic or finite
convergence time of the observer are established for several scenarios for the
graph, including time‐varying, switching and with transmission delays.
Worlds Without End
Authors: Cousins Mark
Published: April 2021

In this, his last essay, the late iconoclast Mark Cousins, former Head of History and Theory Studies at the Architectural Association in London, explores the gaps between making architecture, abstracting it in model form, talking about it and writing about it. He reveals a schism in which words become slippery as we inhabit multiple worlds.
Everything You See is Yours: Step Towards the Certainty of Uncertainty
Authors: Spyropoulos Theodore
Published: April 2021

Director of the Architectural Association Design Research Lab (AADRL) and co‐founder of Minimaforms in London, Theodore Spyropoulos describes the necessity to construct artificially intelligent environments that explore our technological sphere so that we may better understand and actively participate in the emerging complexities.
Model & Fragment: On the Performance of Incomplete Architectures
Authors: Brejzek Thea , Wallen Lawrence
Published: April 2021

Concurrently arguing from the perspectives of theatre and architecture, Professors Thea Brejzek and Lawrence Wallen, of the University of Technology Sydney, examine the model as an architectural fragment, revealing its performative and worldmaking potential.
Models as Objects: The Installation as Architectural Encounter
Authors: Craig James A , Ozga‐Lawn Matt
Published: April 2021

Transgressing traditional conceptions of the model and architectural intervention, in the work of their practice Stasus James A Craig and Matt Ozga‐Lawn seek to create a sense of suspended pleasure by partially accommodating the viewer in their installations, giving rise to fleeting fluctuations in the perception of the architecture and its site history.
From Mimicry to Coupling: Some Differences, Challenges and Opportunities of Bio‐Hybrid Architectures
Authors: Ayres Phil
Published: April 2021

Phil Ayres is an associate professor at the Centre for Information Technology and Architecture (CITA) in Copenhagen. Here he discusses bio‐hybrid structures and their novel applications in creating ‘greener’ worldmodelling architectural outcomes at odds with established formal tectonic tropes.
The White Cube in Virtual Reality
Authors: Battista Kathy
Published: April 2021

The evolution of augmented, mixed and virtual realities has opened up opportunities for some artists to construct work that in the past would have required expensive sets. Art historian and curator Kathy Battista shows us some examples of these new creative models of practice and the speculative worldmodelling they have produced.
Backgarden Worldbuilding: The Architecture of the Model Village
Authors: Aling Mike
Published: April 2021

Guest‐Editor Mike Aling describes his infatuation with the model, particularly the long tradition of the British model village and its often‐surreal manifestations. He focuses on some of his favourites and introduces us to his own contemporary model village – Groenwych.
Ullmann‐Goldberg and Buchwald‐Hartwig C−N Cross Couplings: Synthetic Methods to Pharmaceutically Potential N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Seifinoferest Behnoush , Tanbakouchian Arezoo , Larijani Bagher , Mahdavi Mohammad
Published: April 2021

The Carbon‐Nitrogen bond formation has always been an important and useful tool in drug discovery. Its wide applications in synthesizing N‐heterocycles, known as the most prevalent moiety in the active pharmacophores, have attracted increasing attention from researchers. In recent years many works were devoted to finding new and more rapid and effective chemo‐ and regio‐selective methods for the synthesis of N‐containing heterocycles. Buchwald‐Hartwig and Ullman‐Goldberg are two proven efficient methods for synthesizing five, six, and seven‐membered heterocycles found abundantly in literature. Here, we study these two amination methods more precisely, based on the reaction conditions and the products.
Shorter distal forelimbs benefit bipedal walking and running mechanics: Implications for hominin forelimb evolution
Authors: Yegian Andrew K. , Tucker Yanish , Gillinov Stephen , Lieberman Daniel E.
Published: April 2021

Objectives

Brachial index is a skeletal ratio that describes the relative length of the distal forelimb. Over the course of hominin evolution, a shift toward smaller brachial indices occurred. First, Pleistocene australopiths yield values between extant chimpanzees and humans, with further evolution in Pliocene Homo to the modern human range. We hypothesized that shorter distal forelimbs benefit walking and running performance, notably elbow and shoulder joint torques, and predicted that the benefit would be greater in running compared to walking.

Materials and methods

We tested our hypothesis in a modern human sample walking and running while carrying hand weights, which increase the inertia (mass and effective length) of the distal forelimb, simulating a larger brachial index.

Results

We found longer distal forelimbs and the added mass increased elbow muscle torque by 98% while walking and 70% in running, confirming our hypothesis that shorter distal forelimbs benefit walking and running performance. Shoulder muscle torque similarly increased in both gaits with the addition of hand weights due to elongation of the effective forelimb length. Normalized elbow torque, which accounted for the effect on shoulder torque caused by the experimental manipulation, increased by 16% while walking but 52% while running, indicating that shorter distal forelimbs provide a greater benefit for running by approximately three‐fold.

Discussion

Selection for economical bipedal walking in Australopithecus and endurance running in Homo likely contributed to the shift toward relatively smaller distal forelimbs across hominin evolution, with modern human proportions attained in Pleistocene Homo erectus and retained in later species.
Heteroatom Cycloaddition at the (BN)2Bay Region of Dibenzoperylene
Authors: Fingerle Michael , Dingerkus Juliane , Schubert Hartmut , Wurst Kai M. , Scheele Marcus , Bettinger Holger F.
Published: April 2021

Cycloaddition‐dehydration involving a BNBN‐butadiene analogue at the bay region of a dibenzoperylene and a non‐enolizable aldehyde provides a novel strategy for incorporation of the oxadiazadiborinane (B2N2CO) ring into the scaffold of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon resulting in highly emissive compounds.
Designing Polymer‐in‐Salt Electrolyte and Fully Infiltrated 3D Electrode for Integrated Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Liu Wenyi , Yi Chengjun , Li Linpo , Liu Shuailei , Gui Qiuyue , Ba Deliang , Li Yuanyuan , Peng Dongliang , Liu Jinping
Published: April 2021

Solid‐state lithium batteries (SSLBs) are promising owing to enhanced safety and high energy density but plagued by the relatively low ionic conductivity of solid‐state electrolytes and large electrolyte–electrode interfacial resistance. Herein, we design a poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP)‐based polymer‐in‐salt solid electrolyte (PISSE) with high room‐temperature ionic conductivity (1.24×10−4 S cm−1) and construct a model integrated TiO2/Li SSLB with 3D fully infiltration of solid electrolyte. With forming aggregated ion clusters, unique ionic channels are generated in the PISSE, providing much faster Li+transport than common polymer electrolytes. The integrated device achieves maximized interfacial contact and electrochemical and mechanical stability, with performance close to liquid electrolyte. A pouch cell made of 2 SSLB units in series shows high voltage plateau (3.7 V) and volumetric energy density comparable to many commercial thin‐film batteries.
Simple Non‐Fused Electron Acceptors Leading to Efficient Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Wen Tian‐Jiao , Liu Zhi‐Xi , Chen Zeng , Zhou Jiadong , Shen Ziqiu , Xiao Yiqun , Lu Xinhui , Xie Zengqi , Zhu Haiming , Li Chang‐Zhi , Chen Hongzheng
Published: April 2021

Despite the remarkable progress achieved in recent years, organic photovoltaics (OPVs) still need work to approach the delicate balance between efficiency, stability, and cost. Herein, two fully non‐fused electron acceptors, PTB4F and PTB4Cl, are developed via a two‐step synthesis from single aromatic units. The introduction of a two‐dimensional chain and halogenated terminals for these non‐fused acceptors plays a synergistic role in optimizing their solid stacking and orientation, thus promoting an elongated exciton lifetime and fast charge‐transfer rate in bulk heterojunction blends. As a result, PTB4Cl, upon blending with PBDB‐TF polymer, has enabled single‐junction OPVs with power conversion efficiencies of 12.76 %, representing the highest values among the reported fully unfused electron acceptors so far.
Water recovery from flue gas using polyether block amide 2533/sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) composite membrane
Authors: Zhang Zhichao , Wang Wei , Liu Xi , Li Yuanling , Zhang Peng , Shi Yaping , Xu Xin
Published: April 2021

Recycling water from flue gas of coal‐fired power plants is of great significance to save energy and water resources and reduce environmental pollution. In the present work, two potential polymers (polyether block amide 2533(PEBAX 2533) and sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK)) were investigated and showed high water vapor permeability and selectivity, respectively. Combined with the advantages of the two materials, a novel PEBAX 2533/SPEEK composite membrane with an ultra‐thin SPEEK selection layer on the outer surface of the high permeable PEBAX 2533 layer was prepared by dip coating. The composite membranes were assembled into a membrane capsule module and tested directly in artificial and real flue gas. The condensed water vapor fluxes were 1006.9 g/m2.h in artificial flue gas and 600–900 g/m2.h on average in real flue gas during a period of 30 days, exhibiting good water vapor permeability and durability in real flue gas.
Fast heuristic approach for control of complex authentication systems
Authors: Toragay Oguz , Silva Daniel F.
Published: April 2021

In secure networks, the authentication process, which verifies a user's identity, is a sensitive operation. Balancing the authentication process's security and usability while keeping operating costs low is a major challenge. We investigate this process in a secure system that has multiple authentication methods available. The goal is to find a fast and easy‐to‐implement approach to assign incoming requests to authentication methods in a way that balances cost, usability, and security. We model the system as a continuous‐time, infinite‐horizon Markov Decision Process. Then, we propose a new, fast heuristic approach to solve the problem, as the curse of dimensionality limits the effectiveness of exact methods. The proposed heuristic uses closed‐form approximations to define threshold policies that are easily implementable. Numerical experiments show that our approach yields robust, near‐optimal solutions, with high accuracy, for a wide range of problem instances.
Advances in biochemistry and the biotechnological production of taxifolin and its derivatives
Authors: Thuan Nguyen Huy , Shrestha Anil , Trung Nguyen Thanh , Tatipamula Vinay Bharadwaj , Van Cuong Duong , Canh Nguyen Xuan , Van Giang Nguyen , Kim Tae‐Su , Sohng Jae Kyung , Dhakal Dipesh
Published: April 2021

Taxifolin (dihydroquercetin) and its derivatives are medicinally important flavanonols with a wide distribution in plants. These compounds have been isolated from various plants, such as milk thistle, onions, french maritime, and tamarind. In general, they are commercially generated in semisynthetic forms. Taxifolin and related compounds are biosynthesized via the phenylpropanoid pathway, and most of the biosynthetic steps have been functionally characterized. The knowledge gained through the detailed investigation of their biosynthesis has provided the foundation for the reconstruction of biosynthetic pathways. Plant‐ and microbial‐based platforms are utilized for the expression of such pathways for generating taxifolin‐related compounds, either by whole‐cell biotransformation or through reconfiguration of the genetic circuits. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the biotechnological production of taxifolin and its derivatives.
Supramolecular Interaction of Molecular Cage and β‐Galactosidase: Application in Enzymatic Inhibition, Drug Delivery and Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Mondal Avijit , Bhat Imtiyaz Ahmad , Karunakaran Subbaraj , De Mrinmoy
Published: April 2021

Enzyme inhibitors play a crucial role in diagnosis of a wide spectrum of diseases related to bacterial infections. We report here the effect of a water‐soluble self‐assembled PdII8 molecular cage towards β‐galactosidase enzyme activity. The molecular cage is composed of a tetrapyridyl donor (L) and cis‐[(en)Pd(NO3)2] (en=ethane‐1,2‐diamine) acceptor and it has a hydrophobic internal cavity. We have observed that the acceptor moiety mainly possesses the ability to inactivate the β‐galactosidase enzyme activity. Kinetic investigation revealed the mixed mode of inhibition. This inhibition strategy was extended to control the growth of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The internalization of the Pd(II) cage inside the bacteria was confirmed when bacterial solutions were incubated with curcumin loaded cage. The intrinsic green fluorescence of curcumin made the bacteria glow when put under an optical microscope. Furthermore, this curcumin loaded molecular cage shows an enhanced antibacterial activity. Thus, PdII8 molecular cage is quite attractive due to its dual role as enzyme inhibitor and drug carrier.
A longitudinal case series of IM ketamine for patients with severe and enduring eating disorders and comorbid treatment‐resistant depression
Authors: Schwartz Terry , Trunko Mary Ellen , Feifel David , Lopez Emily , Peterson Danika , Frank Guido K. W. , Kaye Walter
Published: April 2021

Severe and enduring eating disorders (EDs) have the highest mortality rate of all psychiatric illnesses (Arch Gen Psychiatry, 2011, 68, 724), especially when comorbid with treatment‐resistant depression (TRD) (Psychiatr Res, 2016, 244, 45). We report on four patients with enduring EDs and TRD treated with repeat ketamine over 12 + months, showing improvement in depression with only modest changes in ED symptoms.
L'effet persuasif de l'intégration du prénom et de la photographie d'employés potentiels dans une publicité de recrutement
Authors: Pfiffelmann Jean , Soulez Sébastien
Published: April 2021

While targeting job postings is a common practice for recruiters, they can now personalize their ads by embedding the recipients' names and photographs in the advertisement. Research shows divergent results on the effects of personalization. This experiment, conducted among 236 participants, assesses the combined effect of recruitment advertisement personalization and job targeting on attitudinal reactions. Our results show that personalization and targeting help increase self‐referencing, which in turn positively influences the attitude about the advertisement, click intention, and job‐pursuit intention. However, personalization has a negative main effect on these attitudinal reactions.
PM10 Concentration, Its Potentially Toxic Metals Content, and Human Health Risk Assessment in Hamadan, Iran
Authors: Joshirvani Amad , Samarghandi Mohammad Reza , Leili Mostafa
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine the health risks from some potentially toxic metal content of PM10 on the residents of Hamadan, Iran. The mean concentration of PM10 is 122.55 µg m–3, and for Pb, Cd, and Cr it is 7.44, 1.78, and 2.72 ng m–3, respectively. PM10 levels of 22% of the samples are higher than the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Pb and Cd levels are within the standard/guideline limits, whereas Cr levels exceed the guideline value in 53% of the samples. Health risks from toxic elements of PM10 are estimated using hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI), and the cancer risk is evaluated based on lifetime daily cancer risk (CR). Both HQ and HI are <1; furthermore, children are at an increased health risk according to obtained HQ and HI values. Cr and Cd present potentially carcinogenic health risks, while CR from Pb is within the acceptable limits. Although both HQ and HI are obtained <1, conducting such health risk assessment studies really is needed to determine the air quality in different cities such as Hamadan and the obtained data can be used as general guidance for decision makers to manage the air quality.
Inspecting the Mechanism of Fragment Hits Binding on SARS‐CoV‐2 Mpro by Using Supervised Molecular Dynamics (SuMD) Simulations
Authors: Bissaro Maicol , Bolcato Giovanni , Pavan Matteo , Bassani Davide , Sturlese Mattia , Moro Stefano
Published: April 2021

Computational approaches supporting the early characterization of fragment molecular recognition mechanism represent a valuable complement to more expansive and low‐throughput experimental techniques. In this retrospective study, we have investigated the geometric accuracy with which high‐throughput supervised molecular dynamics simulations (HT‐SuMD) can anticipate the experimental bound state for a set of 23 fragments targeting the SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease. Despite the encouraging results herein reported, in line with those previously described for other MD‐based posing approaches, a high number of incorrect binding modes still complicate HT‐SuMD routine application. To overcome this limitation, fragment pose stability has been investigated and integrated as part of our in‐silico pipeline, allowing us to prioritize only the more reliable predictions.
Racial disparity in head and neck cancer
Authors: Thomas Giovana R.
Published: April 2021

Health care disparity in cancer is a well‐recognized entity that is still poorly understood. Disparities in head and neck cancer outcomes for African Americans in the United States have been documented. Access to care is a targetable area of research and interventions to lessen health care disparities in head and neck cancer for our most vulnerable populations.
Brain‐wide mapping of presynaptic inputs to basolateral amygdala neurons
Authors: Morikawa Shota , Katori Kazuki , Takeuchi Haruki , Ikegaya Yuji
Published: April 2021

The basolateral amygdala (BLA), a region critical for emotional processing, is the limbic hub that is connected with various brain regions. BLA neurons are classified into different subtypes that exhibit differential projection patterns and mediate distinct emotional behaviors; however, little is known about their presynaptic input patterns. In this study, we employed projection‐specific monosynaptic rabies virus tracing to identify the direct monosynaptic inputs to BLA subtypes. We found that each neuronal subtype receives long‐range projection input from specific brain regions. In contrast to their specific axonal projection patterns, all BLA neuronal subtypes exhibited relatively similar input patterns. This anatomical organization supports the idea that the BLA is a central integrator that associates sensory information in different modalities with valence and sends associative information to behaviorally relevant brain regions.
Treatment of oral fungal infections using photodynamic therapy: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Roomaney Imaan Amina , Holmes Haly Karen , Engel Mark E.
Published: April 2021

Objectives

This systematic review evaluated the evidence for the effectiveness of Photodynamic therapy (PDT) in treating oral fungal infections, as an alternative to conventional antifungal medications.

Methods

Five randomized control trials (168 participants) comparing the treatment of oral fungal infections using met with our inclusion criteria. Clinical and microbiological improvement was assessed by random‐effects meta‐analysis. Methodological quality assessment and heterogeneity were performed using peer‐reviewed criteria. PROSPERO registration: CRD42017076.

Results

PDT showed statistically non‐significant increased clinical efficacy (risk ratio (RR) = 1.47 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.68; 3.17]; three studies, n = 108 participants, I2 = 50%) and mycological efficacy (mean difference (MD) = 0.54 [95%CI, −0.71; 1.79]; three studies, n = 100; I2 = 39%) at 30 days, as compared with conventional antifungal therapy. Lack of standardization of treatment parameters and variability in the assessment of outcomes was observed across the studies. All included studies had a moderate to low risk of bias.

Conclusions

PDT showed comparable effectiveness at treating oral fungal infections, particularly denture stomatitis. The small number of studies in this review, small sample size and variability of methods and outcome measures across studies, highlight the need for more standardized studies with longer follow‐up periods to enable recommendation of PDT as an alternative to conventional antifungal therapy.
Mass‐tag barcoding for multiplexed analysis of human synaptosomes and other anuclear events
Authors: Gajera Chandresh R. , Fernandez Rosemary , Montine Kathleen S. , Fox Edward J. , Mrdjen Dunja , Postupna Nadia O. , Keene Christopher Dirk , Bendall Sean C. , Montine Thomas J.
Published: April 2021

Mass‐tag cell barcoding has increased the throughput, multiplexing, and robustness of multiple cytometry approaches. Previously, we adapted mass cytometry for cells to analyze synaptosome preparations (mass synaptometry or SynTOF), extending mass cytometry to these smaller, anuclear particles. To improve throughput and individual event resolution, we report here the application of palladium‐based barcoding in human synaptosomes. Up to 20 individual samples, each with a unique combinatorial barcode, were pooled for labeling with an antibody cocktail. Our synaptosome protocol used six palladium‐based barcoding reagents, and in combination with sequential gating increased the identification of presynaptic events approximately fourfold. These same parameters also efficiently resolved two other anuclear particles: human red blood cells and platelets. The addition of palladium‐based mass‐tag barcoding to our approach improves mass cytometry of synaptic particles.
Gains or losses? A quantitative estimation of environmental and economic effects of an ecological compensation policy
Authors: Zhang Qian , Hong Jiayu , Wu Feng , Yang Yu , Dong Congcong
Published: April 2021

Ecological compensation is an innovative and effective tool to explore the coordinated development of socioeconomic prosperity and ecological protection, especially for a watershed crossing different regions. It converts the externalities of ecosystem services into practical financial incentives for local stakeholders. This empirical study applies a quantitative policy evaluation approach to evaluate the environmental and economic effects of an ecological compensation policy, using the paddy land–to–dry land (PLDL) program implemented in China’s Miyun Reservoir watershed as an example. The study is based on responses to a 2017 questionnaire regarding agricultural production inputs and outputs administered to 269 households in Hebei Province, where the PLDL program has been operational for over 10 yr. The results show that the program has reduced nitrogen usage by 24% on average in 2017 and decreased the total nitrogen emission load by 16.98 tons for the entire case area, which accounts for approximately 18.6% of the total nitrogen load reduction of the Miyun Reservoir basin. However, the upstream households involved in this program have experienced agricultural income losses higher than that allowed for by the current compensation criterion. Therefore, this paper discusses the factors that should be considered in the process of determining ecological compensation criteria. In particular, the paper proposes a differential compensation scheme based on the environmental effect at the individual level to avoid a standard payment for all households irrespective of their different contributions. This differential compensation payment scheme facilitates the fair treatment of environmental contributors and maximizes environmental benefits through an equitable allocation of limited ecological compensation funds. This study serves as a theoretical and practical reference for further improvement of the current ecological compensation policy in China. The study also sheds light on practices for estimating ecological compensation criteria and formulating ecological compensation policies for other regions or countries in the future.
Landscape epidemiology of Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans: reconciling data limitations and conservation urgency
Authors: Beukema Wouter , Erens Jesse , Schulz Vanessa , Stegen Gwij , Spitzen‐van der Sluijs Annemarieke , Stark Tariq , Laudelout Arnaud , Kinet Thierry , Kirschey Tom , Poulain Marie , Miaud Claude , Steinfartz Sebastian , Martel An , Pasmans Frank
Published: April 2021

Starting in 2010, rapid fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) population declines in northwestern Europe heralded the emergence of Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal), a salamander‐pathogenic chytrid fungus. Bsal poses an imminent threat to global salamander diversity owing to its wide host range, high pathogenicity, and long‐term persistence in ecosystems. While there is a pressing need to develop further research and conservation actions, data limitations inherent to recent pathogen emergence obscure necessary insights into Bsal disease ecology. Here, we use a hierarchical modeling framework to describe Bsal landscape epidemiology of outbreak sites in light of these methodological challenges. Using model selection and machine learning, we find that Bsal presence is associated with humid and relatively cool, stable climates. Outbreaks are generally located in areas characterized by low landscape heterogeneity and low steepness of slope. We further find an association between Bsal presence and high trail density, suggesting that human‐mediated spread may increase risk for spillover between populations. We then use distribution modeling to show that favorable conditions occur in lowlands influenced by the North Sea, where increased survey effort is needed to determine how Bsal impacts local newt populations, but also in hill‐ and mountain ranges in northeastern France and the lower half of Germany. Finally, connectivity analyses suggest that these hill‐ and mountain ranges may act as stepping stones for further spread southward. Our results provide initial insight into regional environmental conditions underlying Bsal epizootics, present updated invasibility predictions for northwestern Europe, and lead us to discuss a wide variety of potential survey and research actions needed to advance future conservation and mitigation efforts.
Microhabitats associated with solar energy development alter demography of two desert annuals
Authors: Tanner Karen E. , Moore‐O’Leary Kara A. , Parker Ingrid M. , Pavlik Bruce M. , Haji Sophia , Hernandez Rebecca R.
Published: April 2021

Political and economic initiatives intended to increase energy production while reducing carbon emissions are driving demand for solar energy. Consequently, desert regions are now targeted for development of large‐scale photovoltaic solar energy facilities. Where vegetation communities are left intact or restored within facilities, ground‐mounted infrastructure may have negative impacts on desert‐adapted plants because it creates novel rainfall runoff and shade conditions. We used experimental solar arrays in the Mojave Desert to test how these altered conditions affect population dynamics for a closely related pair of native annual plants: rareEriophyllum mohavenseand commonE. wallacei. We estimated aboveground demographic rates (seedling emergence, survivorship, and fecundity) over 7 yr and used seed bank survival rates from a concurrent study to build matrix models of population growth in three experimental microhabitats. In drier years, shade tended to reduce survival of the common species, but increase survival of the rare species. In a wet year, runoff from panels tended to increase seed output for both species. Population growth projections from microhabitat‐specific matrix models showed stronger effects of microhabitat under wetter conditions, and relatively little effect under dry conditions (lack of rainfall was an overwhelming constraint). Performance patterns across microhabitats in the wettest year differed between rare and common species. Projected growth ofE. mohavensewas substantially reduced in shade, mediated by negative effects on aboveground demographic rates. Hence, the rare species were more susceptible to negative effects of panel infrastructure in wet years that are critical to seed bank replenishment. Our results suggest that altered shade and water runoff regimes associated with energy infrastructure will have differential effects on demographic transitions across annual species and drive population‐level processes that determine local abundance, resilience, and persistence.
Network investigation of eating disorder symptoms and positive and negative affect in a clinical eating disorder sample
Authors: Wong Valerie Z. , Christian Caroline , Hunt Rowan A. , Levinson Cheri A.
Published: April 2021

Objective

Growing literature suggests that emotions influence the maintenance of eating disorder (ED) symptoms. However, most research has studied the relationship between ED symptoms and affect broadly (i.e., negative affect [NA], positive affect [PA]), rather than examining models comprised of multiple specific affective states (e.g., upset, proud).

Method

The current study (N = 196 individuals with EDs) used network analysis to examine the most interconnected (i.e., central) NA and PA states in EDs and test the complex associations between specific NA, PA, and ED symptoms. We estimated two networks: one with affective states only and another with affective states and ED symptoms.

Results

Feeling distressed, afraid, attentive, and determined were the most central symptoms in the affect‐only network. ED symptoms related to overvaluation of weight and shape, including affect‐based ED symptoms (i.e., guilt about eating), were central in the network of affect and ED symptoms. Guilt about eating and shame were central bridge symptoms across affect and ED symptom clusters, meaning that they were each strongly connected across clusters, and may represent important pathways among affect and ED symptoms.

Discussion

Limitations include the cross‐sectional and between‐person nature of these analyses, from which we cannot derive causal or within‐persons processes. Clinical interventions that target central and bridge symptoms (e.g., fear, shame) may disrupt the reinforcing cycle of NA in EDs that may contribute to ED behaviors. Future research should examine relationships among affective states and ED symptoms in longitudinal and intraindividual network models to develop more effective treatments for EDs.
Adaptive and nonadaptive plasticity in changing environments: Implications for sexual species with different life history strategies
Authors: Romero‐Mujalli Daniel , Rochow Markus , Kahl Sandra , Paraskevopoulou Sofia , Folkertsma Remco , Jeltsch Florian , Tiedemann Ralph
Published: April 2021

Populations adapt to novel environmental conditions by genetic changes or phenotypic plasticity. Plastic responses are generally faster and can buffer fitness losses under variable conditions. Plasticity is typically modeled as random noise and linear reaction norms that assume simple one‐to‐one genotype–phenotype maps and no limits to the phenotypic response. Most studies on plasticity have focused on its effect on population viability. However, it is not clear, whether the advantage of plasticity depends solely on environmental fluctuations or also on the genetic and demographic properties (life histories) of populations. Here we present an individual‐based model and study the relative importance of adaptive and nonadaptive plasticity for populations of sexual species with different life histories experiencing directional stochastic climate change. Environmental fluctuations were simulated using differentially autocorrelated climatic stochasticity or noise color, and scenarios of directional climate change. Nonadaptive plasticity was simulated as a random environmental effect on trait development, while adaptive plasticity as a linear, saturating, or sinusoidal reaction norm. The last two imposed limits to the plastic response and emphasized flexible interactions of the genotype with the environment. Interestingly, this assumption led to (a) smaller phenotypic than genotypic variance in the population (many‐to‐one genotype–phenotype map) and the coexistence of polymorphisms, and (b) the maintenance of higher genetic variation—compared to linear reaction norms and genetic determinism—even when the population was exposed to a constant environment for several generations. Limits to plasticity led to genetic accommodation, when costs were negligible, and to the appearance of cryptic variation when limits were exceeded. We found that adaptive plasticity promoted population persistence under red environmental noise and was particularly important for life histories with low fecundity. Populations producing more offspring could cope with environmental fluctuations solely by genetic changes or random plasticity, unless environmental change was too fast.
Catalytic N‐Acylation of Cyclic Amines by Arylglyoxylic Acids via Radical‐Radical Cross‐Coupling
Authors: Rahaman Ajijur , Kumar Singh Anupam , Gupta Aniket , Bhadra Sukalyan
Published: April 2021

A methodical mechanistic investigation allowed for the catalytic N‐acylation of secondary cyclic amine counterparts by arylglyoxylic acids through radical‐radical coupling. The reaction proceeds via a twofold SET‐promoted Cu(I)/Cu(II) catalytic cycle under mild conditions. An analogous reaction variant allows for the N‐acylation in a one‐pot fashion directly starting from a secondary cyclic amine even in the presence of a second amine or hydroxy group.
The reliability of geometric Brownian motion forecasts of S&P500 index values
Authors: Sinha Amit K.
Published: April 2021

This manuscript extends the literature on the application of geometric Brownian motion. Forecasted drift and diffusion terms estimated separately and recursively are plugged into the framework to forecast S&P500 index values. Expected index values are estimated from 100,000 simulated index values and probabilities. The results of comparing expected index values with actual values indicate that although reliable predictions of S&P500 index values can be obtained at monthly, quarterly, and annual frequencies, the reliability may decrease in that order.