bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topical Application of Aprepitant Inhibits Erlotinib-induced Facial Dermatitis/Hair Loss
Authors: Tong Mak Iu , H. Kramer Jay , J. Chmielinska Joanna , B. Weglicki William
Published: March 2024

Erlotinib, an EGFR-TKI, has been used as an effective anti-tumorigenesis agent against several cancers including lung, colon, head and neck. However, it has been reported to cause significant and severe cutaneous side effects. Our previous studies implicated substance P, a neuropeptide, as a significant mediator of skin toxicity. Our present study was designed to determine if the topical application of aprepitant, a specific substance P receptor blocker, would be protective against these skin side effects. Erlotinib in the diet was administered to the rats for 12 weeks. Facial rash and hair loss began to occur after 6 weeks and were most severe at 12 weeks when animals were sacrificed. Topical treatment of aprepitant to the facial area 3 times a week showed dose-dependent and progressive inhibition up to 70% of the induced dermatitis/hair loss. These results were comparable to the effects produced by oral doses in our prior study. At sacrifice, we also found significant elevations of neutrophil superoxide, that were inhibited by topical aprepitant, along with elevated plasma 8-isoprostane levels, that were also suppressed. Facial skin samples revealed increased leukocyte (CD11b positive) infiltration in the erlotinib-treated rats, which were substantially reduced by the topical aprepitant. In conclusion, the indicators of reactive oxidative species (ROS) suggest that neurogenic inflammation played a critical role in causing EGFR-TKI-induced toxicity; it also confirmed that the systemic inhibition of ROS production due to blockade of substance P action was significantly protective against the dermatitis/hair loss pathology.
MODEL EKONOMI PENGELUARAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI (Kasus di Kecamatan Bogor Barat, Kota Bogor)
Authors: Wiratama Azhar Dhika , Rochaeni Siti , Wati Dewi Rohma
Published: March 2024

Wilayah Kota Bogor masih memiliki ribuan penduduk dengan mata pencaharian di sektor pertanian. Rumah tangga petani merupakan unit ekonomi dengan tujuan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan rumah tangga melalui pengambilan keputusan produksi pertanian. Penellitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui karakteristik rumah tangga petani, (2) menganalisis pola pengeluaran rumah tangga petani, (3) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi pengeluaran rumah tangga petani. Jumlah sampel yang diperlukan sebagai data primer adalah sejumlah 76 orang anggota rumah tangga petani, pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik proportionate stratified random sampling. Data yang telah diperoleh kemudian ianalisis menggunakan statistic deskriptif untuk menjawab tujuan (1) dan (2). Tujuan (3) didapatkan melalui analisis persamaan simultan dengan metode estimasi 2SLS. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa anggota rumah tangga petani di Kecamatan Bogor Barat memiliki usia rata-rata yang masih produktif. Pola pengeluaran rumah tangga petani didominasi oleh pengeluaran konsumsi pangan yang mencapai 58,41%. Variabel dalam penelitian yang sangat memengaruhi berbagai persamaan adalah vaiabel pendapatan disposibel. Pendapatan disposibel ini perlu menjadi perhatian bagi rumah tangga petani dalam menentukan prioritas pengeluaran rumah tangga baik konsumsi maupun investasi.
CO-INTEGRASI HARGA ANTARA PASAR PRODUSEN DAN KONSUMEN GULA PASIR DI KABUPATEN JEMBER: SEBUAH ANALISIS VECTOR ERROR CORRECTION MODEL (VECM)
Authors: Magfiroh Illia Seldon , Zainuddin Ahmad , Setyawati Intan Kartika , Rahman Rena Yunita , Suciati Luh Putu
Published: March 2024

Harga gula pasir sebagai komoditas utama di Kabupaten Jember terus mengalami fluktuasi selama beberapa bulan terakhir ini. Perubahan harga gula tersebut tentu akan berimplikasi terhadap penurunan daya beli masyarakat dan daya jual produsen. Selain itu, Harga di tingkat produsen seharusnya dapat terdeliver dengan baik hingga ke tingkat konsumen, demikian juga harga di tingkat konsumen seharusnya dapat dideliver dengan baik ke tingkat produsen. Selama ini harga gula di Kabupaten Jember terdapat margin yang sangat tinggi. Berdasarkan hal tersebut menjadi penting meneliti terkait volatilitas harga dan integrasi pasar gula di Kabupaten Jember. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah menganalisis volatilitas harga komoditi gula pasir di Kabupaten Jember dan menganalisis integrasi pasar vertical dari produsen ke konsumen gula pasir di Kabupaten Jember. Data yang digunakan adalah data harga gula di tingkat produsen dan konsumen di Kabupaten Jember berupa data time series bulanan dengan periode waktu 53 series. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah ARCH-GARCH untuk volatilitas harga dan model Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) untuk mengetahui integrasi pasar produsen dan konsumen. Komoditas gula pasir memiliki kecenderungan lebih volatile pada harga konsumen. Terdapat integrasi jangka panjang pada pasar gula di Kabupaten Jember.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN AGRIBISNIS RUMPUT LAUT EUCHEUMA SPINOSUM DI KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR
Authors: Fadli Fadli , FR Aeko Fria Utama
Published: March 2024

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang dikenal sebagai negara maritim dan dikenal sebagai penghasil rumput laut terbesar di dunia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (a) untuk melihat faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi dalam pengembangan agribisnis rumput laut di Kabupaten Lombok Timur, dan (b) menyusun strategi pengembangan agribisnis rumput laut eucheuma spinosum di Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Penelitian rumput laut komoditas eucheuma spinosum ini dilakukan di Desa Seriwe, Kecamatan Jerowaru, Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Penelitian mulai dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus sampai Desember tahun 2022. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis IFE, EFE, IE, dan SWOT. Hasil analisis IFE dan EFE menunjukkan nilaiskor IFE sebesar 2,75 dan total skor EFE sebesar 2,87. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa pengembangan rumput laut di Kabupaten Lombok Timur berada pada kuadran IV pada matriks IE. Kuadran IV tersebut menunjukkan bahwa strategi yang diperlukan dalam pengembangan agribisnis rumput laut di Kabupaten Lombok Timur adalah grow and build strategy. Sedangkan, pada analisis SWOT diperoleh alternatif strategi S-O, S-T, W-O, dan W-T.
ANALISIS EFISIENSI EKONOMI USAHATANI JAGUNG PADA LAHAN IRIGASI AIR POMPA DI KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR
Authors: Yulita Herni , Sa'diyah Halimatus
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Menganalisis besar biaya dan pendapatan usahatani jagung pada lahan irigasi air pompa di Kabupaten Lombok Timur; (2) Menganalisis efisiensi penggunaan faktor produksi usahatani jagung pada lahan irigasi air pompa di Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik observasi dan wawncara. Unit analisis dalam penelitian ini yaitu petani yang berusahatani jagung pada lahan irigasi air pompa di Kecamatan Pringgabaya Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Pringgabaya Utara, Desa Labuhan Lombok dan Desa Gunung Malang. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (1) Rata-rata biaya produksi pada ushatanai jagung lahan irigasi air pompa di Kecamatan Pringgabaya Kabupaten Lombok Timur adalah sebesar Rp 10.538.892 per hektar, dan rata-rata pendapatan yang diterima oleh petani jagung adalah sebesar Rp 33.021.584 per hektar; (2) Efisiensi penggunaan faktor produksi usahatani jagung pada lahan irigasi air pompa di Kecamatan Pringgabaya Kabupaten Lombok Timur terdapat beberapa faktor produksi yang penggunaanya belum efisien dan tidak efisien. Faktor produksi yang penggunaannya belum efisien yaitu luas lahan (X1), benih (X2), sapporo (X6), dan tenaga kerja (X8). Sedangakan untuk yang faktor produksi yang penggunaanya tidak efisien yaitu pupuk urea (X3), pupuk phonska (X4), roundup (X5) dan air (X7).
SIFAT FISIS DAN SIFAT MEKANIS KAYU KENANGA (Cananga ordorata) DAN SENGON (Paraserienthes falcataria) TERMODIFIKASI PANAS
Authors: Lestari Dini , Ningsih Rima Vera , Shabrina Hasyyati , Fahrussiam Fauzan
Published: March 2024

Kenanga and sengon wood are known for their inferior properties, necessitating effort to enhance their quality. In Wood Industry, thermal modification was used to enhance wood properties especially dimensional stability. The objective of this research was to evaluated the effect of wood species and thermal modification on physical and mechanical properties of wood. The wood modified by steam treatment at temperature of 1260C at pressure of 0.14 MPa for 1 hour. The physical properties tested included density, moisture content, volumetric swelling, and anti-swelling efficiency. The mechanical properties tested were the modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture. The mechanical properties of the wood were tested according to ASTM D 143-05 (1996), and all parameters were compared between the thermal-modified wood and the control. The results showed that the density and moisture content parameters were only influenced by wood species while thermal modification and interaction of wood species and thermal modification did not affect density and moisture parameters. Furthermore, heat modification significantly improved the dimensional stability of the wood, as evidenced by a decrease in volumetric swelling and anti-swelling efficiency value higher than 40%. Additionally, heat modification slightly enhanced the mechanical properties of kenanga and sengon wood as seen from the increased values of modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture values.
Oblatio Capitis ac Membrorum
Authors: Andrade Djalma Rodrigues de
Published: March 2024

Em virtude das palavras da Consagração, o Senhor Jesus se põe sôbre a ara do Sacrifício, em estado de Vítima. Nesse instante, em meio a silêncio prenhe de mistério, o Celebrante, “disiunctis manibus” – como o estatui a rubrica do Missal Romano – profere determinadas orações, durante as quais se realiza a oblação do Cristo Vitima pelo Cristo Sacerdote e por tôda a Igreja unida a Êste...
Existence of Nongeometric Pro-$p$ Galois Sections of Hyperbolic Curves
Authors: Hoshi Yuichiro
Published: March 2024

We construct a nongeometric pro-

p

Galois section of a proper hyperbolic curve over a number field, as well as over a

p

-adic local field. This yields a
negative answer
to the pro-

p

version of the anabelian Grothendieck Section Conjecture. We also observe that there exists a proper hyperbolic curve over a number field which admits
infinitely many
conjugacy classes of pro-

p

Galois sections.
Tempered Fundamental Group and Metric Graph of a Mumford Curve
Authors: Lepage Emmanuel
Published: March 2024

The aim of this paper is to give some general results on the tempered fundamental group of
p
-adic smooth algebraic varieties (which is a sort of analog of the topological fundamental group of complex algebraic varieties in the
p
-adic world). The main result asserts that one can recover the metric structure of the graph of the stable model of a Mumford curve from the tempered fundamental group of the curve. We also prove the birational invariance, invariance under algebraically closed extensions and a Kunneth formula for the tempered fundamental group. We describe the tempered fundamental group of an abelian variety and link the tempered fundamental group of a curve to the tempered fundamental group of its Jacobian variety.
The impact of digital transformation on business development strategies: Trends, challenges, and opportunities analyzed
Authors: Olorunyomi Stephen Joel  , Adedoyin Tolulope Oyewole  , Olusegun Gbenga Odunaiya  , Oluwatobi Timothy Soyombo
Published: March 2024

Digital transformation has become a crucial driver of business development, reshaping industries and redefining how companies operate. This review analyzes the trends, challenges, and opportunities arising from this transformative process. Companies are increasingly adopting digital technologies such as cloud computing, AI, IoT, and big data analytics to streamline operations, improve customer experiences, and drive innovation. Digital transformation has led to a focus on understanding and meeting customer needs through personalized experiences and targeted marketing strategies. COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of remote work and digital collaboration tools, leading to new ways of working and collaborating across teams and organizations. Many organizations struggle with outdated legacy systems and infrastructure, making it challenging to integrate new digital technologies. As companies collect and analyze more data, ensuring data privacy and security has become a major concern. There is a growing demand for professionals with digital skills, but many organizations face challenges in finding and retaining talent. Digital transformation enables companies to collect and analyze vast amounts of data, providing valuable insights into customer behavior and preferences. Automation and digital technologies can streamline processes, reduce costs, and improve efficiency. Digital transformation opens up new opportunities for innovation and the development of new business models, enabling companies to stay competitive in a rapidly changing market. Digital transformation is reshaping business development strategies, driving innovation, and creating new opportunities for growth. However, it also presents challenges, such as legacy systems, data security, and skills gaps, that organizations must address to fully realize the benefits of digital transformation.
A case study of BYJU’S failure
Authors: Samrat Ray  , Kaviya Jain  , Piyush Birru  , Ruchika Mohata
Published: March 2024

Once an education IT pioneer, BYJU'S, failure convoluted startup workers, investors. Byju failed due to financial mismanagement. Bad decisions and inconsistent financing prevented the corporation from paying its obligations. Company disagreements and leadership instability hurt BYJU'S operations. Due to negative press, BYJU'S brand suffers, its reputation suffered from data breaches, false advertising, and forced purchases. When the economy is terrible, earning more is tougher. These issues must be addressed for the future of technology. Businesses must be frugal, transparent, and financially aware. Customise marketing and market segmentation to accommodate everyone. Openness to new ideas and flexibility are needed to compete in a fast-changing market. Innovation, perseverance, and morality help Ed-tech overcome problems and capture opportunities. Businesses may learn from BYJU'S errors to grow sustainably, establish trust, and lead in the fast-paced, competitive educational technology business. Ed-tech must innovate after Byju failed. The company couldn't innovate; therefore, it struggled to compete and survive. Edtech companies must be inventive, customer-focused, and adaptable to compete in a competitive, ever-changing business. Learning from setbacks and encouraging resilience and creativity may help ed-tech companies thrive.
AUDIOVISUALIZATION OF CABARET CULTURE IN SILENT FILMS OF THE 1900s–1920s
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, MARTYNOVA DARIA O.
Published: March 2024

This article is based on a presentation delivered at the 51st Ludmila Verbitskaya International Philological Conference. The study explores the phenomenon of audiovisualization of cabaret culture in silent films of the 1900s to 1920s, examining how it conveyed the concept of the tape to viewers. Notably, there have been no Russian studies dedicated to examining the influence of cabaret on early cinema. In contrast, Western film critics have predominantly focused on the role of cabaret performers, perceiving early cinema as an art form characterized by hysteria, a logical extension of cabaret and its various forms of entertainment. This paper aims to demonstrate, however, that the inclusion of cabaret poses and gestures in films was intentional, serving to enhance the viewing experience and reflect upon the socio-cultural phenomena of the turn of the century, as well as to provide a means of exposing mores through a distinct gestural neurotic system. The research findings indicate that early cinema, particularly films featuring cabaret dances, functioned as polycode texts, accumulating blocked or previously experienced memories through actions and images. It can be argued that the tendency and attraction to the primitive, which was popular in the 1910s and 1920s, first manifested itself in the grassroots dances and was audiovisually expressed through dance movements. The cancan initially incorporated a pathological gestural language, which later became associated with regression in the context of its convergence with African dances, mesmeric practices, and quack discourse.
Building Foundations for Successful Service Design Implementation
Authors: Anderson Kim
Published: March 2024

Service design implementation is an area of growing interest for
both practitioners and organisations. By fostering a service design mindset, organisations can not only transform external outcomes but also internal culture.
ASPECTS OF TOURISM PERFORMANCE IN V4 COUNTRIES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE COVID 19 PANDEMIC FOR FUTURE MANAGEMENT AND QUALITY
Authors:   The University of Prešov, Faculty of Management and Business, Department of Tourism and Hotel Management, Konštantínova, Prešov, Slovakia, DZUROV VARGOVÁ Tünde , MATUŠÍKOVÁ Daniela ,   The University of Prešov, Faculty of Management and Business, Department of Tourism and Hotel Management, Konštantínova, Prešov, Slovakia, ŠAFFOVÁ Ivana ,   The University of Prešov, Faculty of Management and Business, Department of Tourism and Hotel Management, Konštantínova, Prešov, Slovakia
Published: March 2024

Tourism is a very dynamic industry and can change rapidly under the influence of various factors. This causes pressure for flexible solutions in terms of managing tourism at the national level and ensuring its quality, and thus its sustainable attractiveness for both domestic and foreign tourism. Tourism performance has changed significantly under the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic, and based on this, the aim of this paper was to analytically evaluate the development of tourism performance in the Visegrad Four countries. Based on the use of the approximation method and the regression method, it evaluates the performance in the period 2013-2021 (latest available data) with the TTCI and TTDI Indexes and predicts the possible performance for the next year 2023 under the influence of the aforementioned pandemic. The results of the study point to different performance within the four countries. The country with the most stable tourism management potential and potentially the best performance appears to be the Czech Republic, and the worst performing is the Slovak Republic.
Participation of γ-aminobutyric acid in cell signaling processes and plant adaptation to abiotic stressors
Authors:   Yuriev Plant Production Institute, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Kolupaev Yuriy E. ,   Poltava State Agrarian University, Kokorev Oleksandr I. ,   Yuriev Plant Production Institute, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Shevchenko Mykola V. ,   State Biotechnological University, Marenych Mykola M. ,   Poltava State Agrarian University, Kolomatska Valeriia P. ,   Yuriev Plant Production Institute, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine
Published: March 2024

Adaptation of plants to stress factors occurs with the participation of stress phytohormones, signaling network and plant neurotransmitters. Among the latter, in particular, γ-aminobutyric acid (γ-aminobutyric acid – GABA) is a non-proteinogenic four-carbon amino acid found in many prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Its functions in plants have been actively studied only in the past decade. During this period, a lot of information has been accumulated about the protective effect of exogenous GABA on plants of various taxonomic groups under the influence of stress factors of various nature. The first national review is devoted to the analysis and generalization of data on the mechanisms of stress-protective action of GABA in plants. The ways of synthesis and metabolism of GABA in plant cells and the mechanisms of activation of these processes under stressful conditions are described. It is noted that the main way of GABA formation in plants is decarboxylation of glutamate by means of glutamate decarboxy­lase. Possible mechanisms of GABA reception and signal transmission to the genetic apparatus are discussed. Special attention is paid to the analysis of new data on the role of calcium in the activation of GABA synthesis and the realization of its physiological effects. Possible mechanisms of GABA’s influence on the functioning of mitochondria, its role in maintaining redox homeostasis under stressful conditions are discussed. At the same time, data on the increase in the expression of genes encoding the catalytic subunit of NADPH oxidase under the influence of GABA are presented. Functional connections between GABA and nitric oxide as a signaling mediator are considered. The effect of exogenous GABA on the main protective reactions of plants is characte­rized: the state of the antioxidant system, the accumulation of multifunctional low-molecular protectors, the synthesis of dehydrins and chaperones. The data on the phenomeno­logy of the effects of GABA under the main abiotic stresses are presented: the effects of extreme temperatures, drought and salinity on plants. The prospects for the practical use of GABA as a compound that combines the functions of an energy metabolite and a signaling mediator are noted.
Public Opinion on School Funding and Teacher Salaries: The Information Gap Explained?
Authors: Willems Jurgen , Andersson Fredrik O.
Published: March 2024

We evaluate public opinion on the sufficiency of school funding and teacher salaries in the United States, using a representative survey (n = 12,151). Data were collected during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020/2021), with schools and teachers having a reduced role due to homeschooling. While opinions are diverse for sufficiency of school funding, most respondents indicated that teacher salaries should increase. For respondents who received additional information about average school funding and teacher salaries, the overall opinion about funding and salaries being insufficient was less strong. Furthermore, this information effect differs as per respondents’ demographic variables.
Kipchaks in the Steppe of the Tobol Region in the 15th – 17th centuries
Authors: Abil Yerkin
Published: March 2024

The ethnic and political processes on the territory of the Julus Dzhuchi during the decentralization of this state association attract the attention of researchers both by the complexity of reconstruction and the importance of their understanding for the objective representation of the historical past. The article analyzes the places of the association “Kipchak” or “kipshak" in the history of ethnopolitical formations of the period of decentralization of the the Julus Dzhuchi.
Compliance Level and Side Effects in the Treatment of Tuberculosis Patients: A Study from Indonesia
Authors: Sukmawan Yedy Purwandi , Rahayuningsih Nur , Hidayat Melinda
Published: March 2024

Indonesia has the second largest Tuberculosis (TB) burden in the world. One of the solutions to reduce this prevalence is medication compliance and avoiding side effects. However, compliance level and side effects data on TB patients in Indonesia are still limited. Therefore, the study aimed to determine compliance levels and medication side effects in tuberculosis susceptible drugs patients. Medication Morisky Adherence Scale-8 (MMAS-8) and Naranjo algorithm scale were used to determine the compliance level and the side effects, respectively. Seventy-six patients were involved in this study (male 64.47%, mean age 45.68 y.o, and 98.68% living with family). The compliance level of low, medium, and high were 5.28%, 40.79%, and 53.93%, respectively. Thirty-five (46.05%) patients experienced side effects, which involved a high probable category (37.15%) was tingling, a probably category (42.85%) was nausea, itch, myalgia, and tingling, and a possible category (20.01%) was cough and myalgia. We didn’t find any correlation between compliance with age, sex, education level, and occupations. However, education level slightly correlated with compliance (p 0.066). The compliance level is still low, provides an education and side effects prevention and treatment may increase the compliance level. These compliance and side effects data give a solution to reduce the prevalence of TB in Indonesia.
From Securing the State Security to Regional Disorder: An Exploration of Instability in North Eastern Kenya
Authors: Awiti Victoria Phildah , Wanyama Fredrick Ouma , Owiso Michael Omondi
Published: March 2024

From the colonial time to date, North Eastern Kenya has witnessed sporadic incidents of instability characterised by conflict and insecurity. Scholarly studies have attributed instability to state capacity that includes structural weaknesses such as inability to monopolize the use of violence, poor border controls and ineffective law enforcement. However, such studies do not explain why the state does not function to its optimal capacity in the region. This paper argues that instability in North Eastern Kenya is a deliberate creation of disorder by the state. Measures taken by both the colonial and post-colonial governments to secure their interests have subsequently rendered the region unstable. It argues that the colonial government in an attempt to secure the white highlands used the Northern Frontier District as a buffer zone with minimal investment. Similarly, the post-colonial government curved it out as a security zone to tame insurgency and denied it the necessary attention required to make it safe and secure.
Outdoor learning in urban schools: Effects on noise and physiological stress
Authors: goldenberg gemma , Atkinson Molly , Dubiel Jan , Wass Sam
Published: March 2024

Natural outdoor environments reduce physiological stress. But in an urban school context, does outdoor learning still have beneficial effects even where nature exposure is more limited? The current, pre-registered study used wearable devices including heart rate monitors and actigraphs to examine physiological stress in 4-5 year old children across 8 matched indoor and outdoor sessions (N= 76 children, N= 601 sessions in total). Results revealed that children’s resting heart rates while seated and listening to a teacher were significantly lower when outside compared to indoors (p < .001, d=.512). Children also moved more while seated during indoor sessions (p<.001, d=.546). Despite activities and resources being matched across conditions, outdoor learning sessions were significantly quieter than indoor ones, both when children were seated, listening to a teacher (p=.004, d=-.455) and when actively engaged in play and learning activities (p < .001, d=1.064). There was a significant positive correlation between noise levels and resting heart rate in the indoor condition (r(97)= .364, p<.001) but not in the outdoor condition. These findings suggest that learning outdoors, even in urban settings, associates with lower physiological stress in children and that this effect may partly be due to reduced noise. The lack of correlation between noise and resting heart rate outdoors may indicate that being outside buffers children against the stressful effects of excess noise.
Notes for a New Legal Research Pedagogy
Authors: Mignanelli Nicholas
Published: March 2024

Do societal power structures shape the organization of legal information? Do they embed biases in legal research tools? If so, how can the insights of critical legal theory assist us in contending with this phenomenon? An entire body of scholarly literature using the lenses of critical legal studies, feminist legal theory, and Critical Race Theory to examine legal information and the legal research process has grown up around answering these questions. However, the theories, methods, and strategies proffered by the scholars writing in this area are rarely taught in the legal research classroom.I begin this Essay with a discussion of the place of the legal research course in the law school curriculum and the prevailing ideology that animates contemporary legal research pedagogy. Next, I provide an overview of the scholarly movements challenging this ideology, namely Critical Legal Research and critical legal information literacy, and recount my experience teaching a legal research course designed to convey the concepts they promote. Finally, I briefly attempt to map a new legal research pedagogy that emphasizes the context in which legal information is produced, organized, and disseminated and encourages law students to reimagine the legal research process as the creation of new legal knowledge.
Not always as advertised: Different effects from viewing safer gambling (harm prevention) adverts on gambling urges
Authors: Newall Philip Warren Stirling , Weiss-Cohen Leonardo , Torrance Jamie , Bart Yakov
Published: March 2024

Public concern around gambling advertising in the UK has been met not by government action but by industry self-regulations, such as a forthcoming voluntary ban on front-of-shirt gambling sponsorship in Premier League soccer. “Safer gambling” (harm prevention) adverts are one recent example, and are TV commercials which inform viewers about gambling-related harm. The present work is the first independent evaluation of safer gambling adverts by both gambling operators and a charity called GambleAware. In an online experiment, we observed the change in participants’ (N = 2,741) Gambling Urge Scale (GUS) scores after viewing either: a conventional financial inducement gambling advert, a gambling operator’s safer gambling advert, an advert from the GambleAware “bet regret” campaign, an advert from the GambleAware “stigma reduction” campaign, or a control advert that was not about gambling. Relative to a neutral control advert, GUS scores increased after viewing a financial inducement or an operator’s safer gambling advert. In comparison to the neutral control condition, GUS score changes were similar after viewing a bet regret advert, but showed a significant decrease after viewing a stigma reduction advert. Those at higher risk of harm reported larger decreases in GUS after watching a bet regret or stigma reduction advert. Overall, this study introduced a novel experimental paradigm for evaluating safer gambling adverts, uncovered a potential downside from gambling operators’ safer gambling adverts, and revealed variation in the potential effectiveness of charity-delivered safer gambling adverts.
The Influence of Water and Air Temperature on Wheelchair Triathlon Performance: A Retrospective Analysis of Elite Competition Data
Authors: Borg David N , Gibson Alexander David , Bach Aaron James Edward , Beckman Emma , Tweedy Sean M , Stewart Ian
Published: March 2024

Aims: Impaired thermoregulatory function is a clinical feature of many health conditions that affect triathletes using wheelchairs and consequently, individual athlete performances may fluctuate according to environmental temperature. We aimed to determine the effect of 1) water temperature on wheelchair triathlon swim time, and 2) air temperature on handcycle and wheelchair run (push) time. Methods: Published race records from 2017 to 2023 (n = 49 events) were extracted from the World Triathlon website. Bayesian negative binomial regression was used to separately model the nonlinear relationships between water temperature and swim time, and air temperature and handcycle and push time. Age, sex, sport class, whether wetsuits were worn (swim model) and swim time (handcycle and push model) were included as fixed effects. The models accounted for differences in race tactics and water conditions or course geography. Results: Over the observed water temperature range of 15.7–30.5 °C, male swim time (mm:ss) improved from 14:13 min (95% credible interval [CrI] = 12:27, 16:09) to 12:35 min (95% CrI = 11:00, 14:19). Female swim time improved from 15:33 min (95% CrI = 13:24, 17:55) to 12:46 min (95% CrI = 11:03, 14:38). It was unclear whether handcycle and push time slowed over the observed air temperature range of 14–33 °C. Conclusion: Given the known negative influence of high environmental temperatures on endurance exercise in able bodied athletes, the effect of heat on wheelchair triathlon performance requires ongoing consideration, including investigating whether subgroups of Para athletes are at increased risk of performance declines and significant heat illness.
Knot in low heat Schwarzschild black hole
Authors: Hadi Miftachul
Published: March 2024

We propose a topological object, a gravitational knot, could exist in low heat Schwarzschild black hole (Newton's theory of gravitation) by assuming that the Ricci curvature tensor especially the metric tensor consists of a scalar field i.e. a subset of the Ricci curvature tensor. The Chern-Simons action is interpreted as such a knot.
A Bayesian Region of Measurement Equivalence (ROME) Approach for Establishing Measurement Invariance
Authors: Zhang Yichi , Lai Mark H. C. , Palardy;Palardy Gregory J
Published: March 2024

Measurement invariance research has focused on identifying biases in test indicators measuring a latent trait across two or more groups. However, relatively little attention has been devoted to the practical implications of noninvariance. An important question is whether noninvariance in indicators or items results in differences in observed composite scores across groups. The current study introduces the Bayesian Region of Measurement Equivalence (ROME) as a framework for visualizing and testing the combined impact of partial invariance on the group difference in observed scores. Under the proposed framework, researchers first compute the highest posterior density intervals (HPDIs)—which contain the most plausible values—for the expected group difference in observed test scores over a range of latent trait levels. By comparing the HPDIs with a predetermined range of values that is practically equivalent to zero (i.e., region of measurement equivalence), researchers can determine whether a test instrument is practically invariant. The proposed ROME method can be used for both continuous indicators and ordinal items. We illustrated ROME using five items measuring mathematics-specific self-efficacy from a nationally representative sample of tenth graders. Whereas conventional invariance testing identifies a partial strict invariance model across gender, the statistically significant noninvariant items were found to have a negligible impact on the comparison of the observed scores. This empirical example demonstrates the utility of the ROME method for assessing practical significance when statistically significant item noninvariance is found.
Design with Sustainable Materials: Predicting Consumer Perception of Biobased Composites
Authors: Thundathil Manu , Nazmi Ali Reza , Shahri Bahareh , Emerson Nick , Huber Tim , Müssig Jörg
Published: March 2024

The product designer’s role in promoting sustainable materials is crucial, as designers make material selections for products on behalf of consumers. This role is even more critical in the case of sustainable materials like biobased composites, as a legacy of poor perception of aesthetics and value handicaps these materials. In this study, we examine this assertion of designers’ ability to empathise with consumers and investigate if their perception of biobased composites aligns with that of consumers. A perception framework for biobased composites proposed in prior research is applied to predict consumer perception of materials in this study. The roles of various visual/tactile factors that affect crucial perceptual attributes (beauty, naturality, strength and value) are also examined. An evident perceptual incongruity between designers and consumers was observed, diminishing the claim of designers’ ability to empathise with consumers in the remit of biobased composites. It is also seen that the proposed perception framework generates reliable predictions of consumer perception for biobased composites and can thus assist designers in material selection. This approach can help designers select materials that better align with consumer expectations, furthering the use of sustainable materials in product design.
Stop using d′ and start using da: Part II. Empirical Recognition Memory Data Reveal Type-I Error Rates of Different Sensitivity Measures
Authors: Levi Adva , Rotello Caren M. , Goshen-Gottstein Yonatan
Published: March 2024

The selection of an accuracy (sensitivity) measure is a pivotal decision faced by recognition-memory researchers. Despite an abundance of measures developed over the years with the intention of measuring sensitivity independent of participants' bias, Monte Carlo simulations found all commonly used sensitivity measures to be invalid because they are confounded with bias (Rotello et al., 2008; Levi et al., 2024). The one valid measure was our proposed version of the signal-detection measure, d-sub-a (denoted da). Empirical confirmation in real-world experiments is critical, however, to establish the validity of any measure, including da. The goal of the current investigation was to use empirical data to test the validity of da, as well as other common sensitivity measures, as indices of sensitivity. We ran a large-scale recognition experiment, where sensitivity was not manipulated at encoding. Using implied base-rate, bias was manipulated at test. For valid measures, erroneous significant results should be observed at a rate of approximately 5% when testing iso-sensitive conditions. We repeatedly ran the experiment to derive rates of Type I errors. da, but no other measure (Pr, A′, and d′), demonstrated the desired 5% false-discovery rate across different sample sizes. Together with the results of our simulations, these new findings provide unassailable evidence that da is a valid sensitivity measure for recognition-memory tasks, offering an easy solution to the prevailing measurement crisis in recognition memory.
Who deserves economic relief? Examining Twitter/X debates about Covid-19 economic relief for small businesses and the self-employed in Germany
Authors: Hilmar Till
Published: March 2024

The economic shock of the Covid-19 crisis has disproportionately impacted small businesses and the self-employed. Around the globe, their survival during the pandemic often relied heavily on government assistance. This article explores how economic relief to business is understood through the lens of deservingness in the public. It examines the case of Germany, where the government has responded to the pandemic by implementing an extensive support programme. Notably, in this context, the self-employed are typically outsiders to the state insurance system. Combining computational social science methods and a qualitative analysis, the article focuses on the debate about direct subsidies on the social media platform Twitter/X between March 2020 and June 2021. It traces variation in the patterns of claim making in what is a rich debate about pandemic state support, finding that this discourse is characterised by the concern that economic relief threatens to blur existing boundaries of worth in society. The reciprocity principle of deservingness theory is pivotal in asserting business identities in times of crisis, yet it also reveals a fundamentally ambiguous relationship with the principle of need. Additionally, the claim of justice-as-redress, as a novel dimension of reciprocity, surfaces as an important theme in this debate.
Gayatri Mantra Writing Technique - a technique to develop a very good memory very quickly
Authors: Krishna Gopal , Kumar Sanjit
Published: March 2024

We propose a new technique – Gayatri Mantra Writing Technique – for developing a very good memory very quickly. We invented it in 2022 in order to help the 1st author’s 72 year old mother develop a very good memory because she was unable to remember even her phone number since 12 years from 2010 onward after buying her phone. And when it solved her memory problem in just 3 months’ 15 minute a day (totalling 22.5 hours) practice, we tried it ourselves and taught it to many others and we all found very good improvement in their memory.
Psychological Factors that Influence Behavioral Intentions towards Bottled Green Tea in the Japan Market
Authors: Demetrakos Christopher , Romero-Perez Shannen , Nakato Itsuki , Kyutoku Yasushi , Dan Ippeita
Published: March 2024

What factors influence consumer choice is an ongoing debate. This study delved into Japanese consumers’ perceptual model of bottled green tea beverages in the fiercely competitive market, exploring the psychological factors that lead to behavioral intentions using an extended Mehrabian and Russell Stimulus-Organism-Response model. The model extension incorporated a panoply of factors that we laid against behavioral intentions, among which we explored ones with significant influence. In Study 1, we executed a screening survey, and after surveying 381 valid participants, we identified factors significant to purchase intent and built a model via structural equation modeling. In Study 2, we validated the model, analyzing how Japanese consumers make purchase decisions in a commoditized marketplace with many beverage options. Our results demonstrated that while a variety of factors would be related to Behavioral Intention, most notable among them was Reward, comprising facets such as taste, satisfaction, addictiveness, and desire. It was further affected by Mood, Perceived Quality, and Nostalgia. Our findings bring to light the importance of hedonic factors as they drive consumer choice by emphasizing the intrinsic value of sensory enjoyment and gratification in the experience of consuming green tea beverages. This study would provide practical marketing insight as to how bottled green tea, and possibly other beverage products, in a red ocean market, can be positioned and marketed to Japanese consumers in the most effective way.
Re-conceptualizing solitude in the digital era_Uncorrected pre-print
Authors: Campbell Scott W. , Ross Morgan Quinn
Published: March 2024

Pre-print, actual page numbers not yet assigned
Phonetic properties of chimpanzee, gorilla, and orangutan hoots tell a uniform story and point to new frontiers
Authors: Ekström Axel G. , Nellissen Lara , Bortalato Tatiana , Crockford Catherine , Edlund Jens , Masi Shelly , Zuberbühler Klaus , Lameira Adriano , Wittig Roman W. , Grawunder Sven , Moran Steven
Published: March 2024

We present a first–ever comparison of phonetic properties across vocalizations by great apes. We show that “hoot–like” calls by (males of) all non–human great ape genera – chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans – overlap with those of human back rounded vowels. Our work underlines the importance of studying the production of calls. Observations from both comparative vocal morphology (non–human great apes have short–and–narrow pharynges and tongues contained in the oral cavity) and observations of vocalizing animals indicate they likely achievethese qualities desperately.
Measuring Mathematical Skills in Early Childhood: A Systematic Review of the Psychometric Properties of Early Maths Assessments and Screeners
Authors: Outhwaite Laura Ann , Aunio Pirjo , Leung Jaimie K. Y. , Van Herwegen Jo
Published: March 2024

Successful early mathematical development is vital to children’s later education, employment, and wellbeing outcomes. However, established measurement tools are infrequently used to, i) assess children’s mathematical skills and ii) identify children with or at-risk of mathematical learning difficulties. In response, this pre-registered systematic review aimed to provide an overview of measurement tools that have been evaluated for their psychometric properties for measuring the mathematical skills of children aged 0-8 years. The reliability and validity evidence reported for the identified measurement tools were then synthesised, including in relation to common acceptability thresholds. Overall, 41 mathematical assessments and 25 screeners were identified. Our study revealed five main findings. Firstly, most measurement tools were categorised as child-direct measures delivered individually with a trained assessor in a paper-based format. Secondly, the majority of the identified measurement tools have not been evaluated for aspects of reliability and validity most relevant to education measures, and only 15 measurement tools met the common acceptability thresholds for more than two areas of psychometric evidence. Thirdly, only four screeners demonstrated an acceptable ability to distinguish between typically developing children and those with or at-risk of mathematical learning difficulties. Fourthly, only one mathematical assessment and one screener met the common acceptability threshold for predictive validity. Finally, only 11 mathematical assessments and one screener were found to concurrently align with other validated measurement tools. Building on this current evidence and improving measurement quality is vital for raising methodological standards in mathematical learning and development research.
Intra and interindividual Connectivity Analyses (IICA) A neuropsychological method to improve creativity in teams
Authors: Karim Ahmed , Cataltepe Selviya , Usman Fizza , Khedr Eman , Khalil Radwa
Published: March 2024

Creativity is usually conceived as generating ideas or problem solutions that are both novel and potentially useful. In particular, if new teams are formed, e.g., in a company, they would benefit if (a) each team member can apply as many of his/her strengths as possible in the company and (b) the team members can cooperate and combine as many of their strengths as possible. Discovering such human resource potential in a company is a crucial creative task. Several neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that divergent thinking is associated with higher functional connectivity between different brain regions. However, psychological methods to improve awareness and regulation of neurocognitive processes involved in creativity (i.e., metacognition of creativity) and thereby boost such functional connections remain elusive.Based on neuropsychological findings from creativity research, we propose a metacognitive training for promoting creativity called intra- and interindividual connectivity analysis (IICA).In a role-play, participants were divided into two groups. Each group was tasked with finding out how to apply their strengths beneficially in a company (for example, a psychiatric clinic). The fluency and originality of their ideas were measured as dependent variables of creativity. In the experimental group, the proposed intra- and interindividual connectivity analysis (IICA) method was carried out, while the control group was supposed to solve the task using the common brainstorming method. The results show that IICA led to significantly higher fluency and originality rates than the control group. These data suggest that IICA can be a promising metacognitive method to promote team creativity and cooperation potential. Future studies should validate the effect of this method in further companies and investigate the neurobiological foundations of our approach using neurophysiological methods and computational modeling.