bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The House as Holder
Authors: O'Meara Simon
Published: January 2022

This and the next chapter concern the interior of the Kaʿba, both asking what and how the Kaʿba houses and thereby fulfils a basic function of architecture: to shelter and hold. This chapter argues that the total emptiness of the Kaʿba in terms of cultic content and its near emptiness in terms of material content are part of the Kaʿba’s function as a placeholder of the symbolic order of Islam – a function similar to the function of zero in cultures historically stamped by visualising technologies based on linear perspective. The chapter is divided into three parts. First, an account of what the early Islamic sources say the Kaʿba held before the advent of Islam, what they say this content was for, and what they allege the Prophet did with it upon his conquest of Mecca. Second, a discussion of the sources’ claim that the Prophet evacuated most of this content, and an analysis of pre-modern diagrammatic miniature paintings of the Kaʿba which substantiate this claim. Third, an interpretation of the resultant emptied Kaʿba as the placeholder of a void that is (1) functional in Islamic culture, anchoring the symbolic order of Islam, and (2) constitutive of the Kaʿba’s mystery.
The House as Dwelling
Authors: O'Meara Simon
Published: January 2022

This chapter continues the previous chapter’s inquiry into the housing function of the Kaʿba, looking at a little-known purpose of the black robe that covers the Kaʿba, the Kiswa. Referring to descriptions and depictions of the Kaʿba by travellers, pilgrims and miniature painters, the chapter argues that a particular way of hanging the Kiswa signals when within the House a divine presence is imagined to dwell. Divided into two parts, part one presents a history and description of the Kiswa and investigates its relationship to the Kaʿba, asking whether the Kiswa is integral to the Kaʿba or an afterthought and if it veils or reveals the Kaʿba. Part two analyses the dynamics of the Kiswa, showing how the different ways it is hung during the Islamic year serve either to animate the Kaʿba from without or to prompt the perception that the Kaʿba has been animated from within – quickened. The first type of animation is shown to be figurative only, the elevated Kiswa breaking up the otherwise unbroken solidity of the Kaʿba’s walls. The second type of animation is shown to verge on the literal, and at times cross into it.
Conclusion
Authors: O'Meara Simon
Published: January 2022

This conclusion reviews briefly the principal findings of each of the book’s chapters, but more lengthily reviews their secondary findings. This is because only the former are reviewed at each chapter’s end. These secondary findings include the likelihood that the Kaʿba played a ritual role for the proto-Muslim community of Believers from a very early period, contrary to revisionist claims, and the remarkable degree to which the canon of Islamic architecture comprises buildings whose epigraphic programmes, foundation documents and mentions in contemporary texts make comparisons to the Kaʿba. The conclusion ends with a discussion of the Kaʿba’s absence in Islamic architectural scholarship and the importance of decolonising academic knowledge to prevent similar lacunae from developing.
The Unfolding of the Syrian Refugee Crisis in Turkey: From Temporariness to Permanency
Authors: Kaya Ayhan
Published: January 2022

This chapter scrutinizes how the policy and discourse in respect to refugees have developed in Turkey since the beginning of the mass migration of Syrians in 2011. Refugees were initially welcomed for a short-term stay, however it became evident after some time that the situation was not temporary but becoming more and more permanent. The Turkish state under the Justice and Development Party rule immediately adapted to this situation by revitalizing a religious discourse of hospitality. Based on the findings of an Horizon 2020 research project (RESPOND), the chapter claims that that there is a parallel between the state of temporariness granted to the Syrian refugees by the Turkish government and the Islamic set of discourses and policies generated by the government in the second half of the 2000s leading to the de-Europeanization of Turkey. The chapter also argues that the break-up of Turkey’s European perspective has partly contributed to the destabilization of the Middle East and the emergence of the Syrian crisis.
The North Amazon Border: Haitian Flow to Brazil and New Policies
Authors: Tonhati Tânia , Cavalcanti Leonardo
Published: January 2022

The chapter argues that to understand contemporary borders, there is a need to go beyond the geographical and physical ‘fences’, checkpoints and office counters. Based on a case study of the recent migration flow of Haitians to Brazil, from 2010 to 2015, the chapter explores how the North Amazon border, long forgotten by the Brazilian government, has become a place of migration, negotiation, resilience and political attention. Haitians moved from being a few dozen immigrants to Brazil in 2010 to become the main immigrant group in the formal labour market in the country in 2013, overtaking the classic migration flows to Brazil, such as the Portuguese. This resulted in a search of the Brazilian government for new policies and strategies to ‘control’ and ‘regulate’ this flow and the border. In conclusion, the unexpected migration of Haitians to Brazil set the country into global mobility and enlarged the complexity of Brazil’s migration history.
Hölderlin’s Local Abstraction: The Natural-Historical Sublime in ‘Voice of the People’
Authors: Dornbach Márton
Published: January 2022

In Hölderlin’s river poems, the symbolic investment of rivers with a sublimity that transcends particulars stands in tension with the geographical and historical specificity of the landscapes being evoked. This tension between abstraction and concreteness determines both the composition history and the formal structure of the ode ‘Voice of the People’. My reading clarifies the poetic logic that drives the transition from the opening generic image of rivers to the river Xanthos that shaped the history of the eponymous city remembered in the narrative extension of the final version. Based on the linkage suggested by Hölderlin between the determining force of nature and the hazards of cultural transmission, I argue that the poem stages a meditation upon the relation of succession that connects modernity to a Greek antiquity defined by exposure to a natural dimension whose affinity with the absolute threatens the separateness and artifice of human life. Against the backdrop of contemporary appropriations of Plutarch, Hölderlin’s recourse to Parallel Lives in the narrative extension invites an allegorical reading that grasps the vexing relation between post-revolutionary France and Hölderlin’s Germany as an identity-in-difference articulated in terms of the difference-in-identity between antiquity and modernity.
The Transition Between the Possible and the Real: Nature as Contingency in Hölderlin’s ‘The declining fatherland …’
Authors: Lemke Anja
Published: January 2022

This essay deals with the transformed view of the relationship between humanity and nature that Hölderlin gained in his Empedokles project, which becomes a historical-philosophical model in the essay fragment ‘The declining fatherland’. This model allows the fragment to conceive of revolutionary upheavals from the modern paradigm of reality and possibility in the sense of contingency rather than from the schema of tragic entanglement. In place of trying to restore the original intimacy with nature, there arises an attempt to find forms of representation for dealing with the loss of such intimacy. The ‘all of nature’ as the foundation of human existence no longer appears to humanity as the other of temporality and history but instead emerges as part of history. Thus, totality of being can only be experienced in historical upheaval as the transition between possibility and reality in which this upheaval is experienced as the violent intrusion of contingency. It is the task of poetry to put this modern experience of contingency into words by showing how the formation of meaning takes place as a precarious processing of actualized possibility through the establishment of differences.
‘Can You Hear My Cry?’ Representing War and Trauma in Picturebooks for Peace from China, South Korea, and Japan
Authors: Tan Fengxia , Nelson Claudia
Published: January 2022

This article discusses the Picturebooks for Peace series, a collaboration between China, South Korea, and Japan focusing primarily upon World War II. In examining this series, we ask what these works are testifying to, how they represent trauma, and how picturebooks from countries with distinct political and cultural outlooks have been conceived and received in the different milieus. Our major contention is that it is through the manipulation of time and space that the creators of these works seek to persuade readers of the validity of their message. We look first at the picturebooks from China and South Korea, which share an ideological position inasmuch as they use the trauma caused by the Japanese invasion and its aftermath (including the Korean War) to criticise war's inhumanity. The second part of the article deals with the four Japanese picturebooks, which reflect on the reasons for or essence of war. The article then discusses the narrative and aesthetic devices these books employ to represent war.
Empathy as Mandate: Revisiting the Debates over Modern Chinese Children's Literature (1919–1949)
Authors: Yu Ningbing
Published: January 2022

This paper reviews the most important debates in modern Chinese children's literature (1919–1949), revealing that empathy serves as a key to understanding the nature of those competing discourses. Modern Chinese children's literature mandated empathy as its core value, which develops into an idealised image of the child but keeps betraying that romanticised commitment with reactionary responses in political turbulences. The paradox of empathy interacts with the multiple identities of children embedded in the historic logic of modern China, revealing the (im)possibility of empathy itself.
Escritura en Niños de Bajos Recursos: Aspectos psicolingüísticos
Authors: Martínez Martínez Aura Jazmin , García Rodríguez Luisa Fernanda
Published: January 2022

En el presente estudio se determinó las características de la escritura en niños de 8 – 10 años de edad cronológica, a través de la aplicación de la Evaluación de los procesos escritores PROESC.       Se utilizó una metodología de enfoque cualitativo, de tipo descriptivo y  corte transversal en la que se partió de  la recolección de datos  y la categorización de las manifestaciones presentadas por los sujetos de la investigación.Se toma como muestra una población de 30  sujetos de estrato socioeconómico 1, que cursan de tercero a quinto de primaria y que no presentan una patología neurolingüística, ni dificultad motora.En los resultados se registra dentro de la caracterización que existe el manejo de la conversión fonema grafema, la descomposición de silabas, realizan diferenciación de la letra, silaba, palabra y frase, a su vez se evidencia escaza fluidez de ideas, el manejo inadecuado de la  construcción sintáctica y omisión de palabras funcionales.Las   prácticas pedagógicas que se desarrollan en los centros educativos deben establecer un propósito que permita la preparación del niño para el aprendizaje de la escritura; este debe estar encaminado hacia el desarrollo de los procesos neurológicos, neuropsicológicos y psicolingüísticos que permitirán el adecuado desempeño escolar.
Cociente de Contacto (CQ) y Frecuencia Fundamental (Fo) en Profesionales de la Voz: [estudio piloto]
Authors: Jerez Rodrigo Maximiliano
Published: January 2022

El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar los efectos de la edad y el género en el comportamiento vibratorio de los pliegues vocales durante la emisión de una vocal sostenida en tres grupos etarios definidos de profesionales de la voz basado en valores obtenidos por medio de electroglotografía (EGG). Participaron de este estudio 40 sujetos (25 mujeres y 15 varones) divididos en tres grupos. Los parámetros de análisis fueron cociente de contacto (CQ) y frecuencia fundamental (Fo). No se reportaron relaciones significativas entre las variables en cuestión. Los hallazgos sugieren que un uso adecuado de la voz sumado a un entrenamiento sistemático, tal como en el caso de las voces profesionales, tiene un impacto positivo y podría favorecer la conservación de la función vocal luego de iniciado el proceso normal de envejecimiento.
Modelos Teóricos de Rehabilitación en Salud y la Práctica Fonoaudiológica: Una mirada desde los componentes de la CIF
Authors: Daza Timana Gloria Esperanza , López Higuera Amparo , Mosquera Ruiz Magda Gissel , Erazo Ortiz Jessica Mildred , Pino Diaz Enith Adriana , Barreto Fernández Yersi Estefani Estefani , Morales Rivera Sussy Laura
Published: January 2022

El Programa de Fonoaudiología de la Universidad del Cauca, realizó la revisión del modelo de intervención que desde las prácticas de formación se asume, considerando los componentes de la Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, de la Discapacidad y de la Salud. Se realizó una investigación que contemplo el uso de recursos cuantitativos y cualitativos para realizar el análisis de 80 planeaciones de estudiantes de las prácticas integral I y II. Se concluyó qué aunque el Programa de Fonoaudiología, ha estado influenciado por el modelo médico biológico, parece estar en estado de transición hacia modelos que contemplan la participación integrada del sujeto, sus necesidades psicológicas y del ambiente.
Adultos en situación de discapacidad
Authors: Montoya Benavides Jessica Andrea , Rodríguez Olaya Nadya Carolayn , Aguilar Arias Andrea , Bolaños Rojas María Eugenia
Published: January 2022

Este estudio responde a la necesidad de usar y divulgar la información del Registro de Localización y Caracterización de Personas con Discapacidad –RLCPD- en el Departamento del Valle del Cauca. El Objetivo fue caracterizar población con discapacidad mayor de 18 años 2009-2014. Se utilizó como método el estudio descriptivo de población con discapacidad mayor de 18 años reportada en el RLCPD. Incluyó variables sociodemográficas, de salud, discapacidad y participación social. Se presenta como resultados que durante el periodo analizado se reportaron 31.818 personas en los 42 municipios del Departamento, 80% residentes en cabeceras municipales. La distribución por sexo fue homogénea y el grupo con mayor concentración fue el de mayores de 60 años (n=11393). 67% reportó alguna deficiencia en estructuras o funciones; 49% limitaciones en la actividad y 87% reportó restricciones en la participación. Se evidenciaron barreras en la residencia (44.2%), en espacios públicos (49%) y en establecimientos (60%). La mayor causa de discapacidad fue la enfermedad general (32%), seguida de accidentes (12%). El uso de ayudas técnicas fue reportado por el 64% de la población registrada. Finalmente, aunque se identificó que las restricciones en la participación tienen un alto porcentaje, el 58.4% del total de la población reporta que participa en actividades familiares.
Association Between Occupational Voice Use and Occurrence of Voice Disorders: A meta-analysis
Authors: Cantor Cutiva Lady Catherine
Published: January 2022

Purpose: This meta-analysis has two aims: 1) to provide a quantitative assessment of the occurrence of voice disorders among different occupational voice users, 2) and to determine whether being an occupational voice user (teacher, broadcaster, call-center worker, etc.) is associated with an increased occurrence of voice disorders. Method: A random-effect meta-analysis of the available scientific literature was conducted on the occurrence of voice disorders among occupational voice users. Comprehensive literature searches were conducted using two computerized databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, and Scielo. As a measure of association, the odds ratio (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was used. Heterogeneity was assessed by chi-square and I2 and draw in forest plots. Results: Voice disorders are related with occupational voice use independently of type of prevalence with a pool OR of 2.39 for current voice disorders, 1.88 for 12-months prevalence, and 2.43 for life-time and unspecified recall period. Heterogeneity test (I2) among these articles is 68% for current voice disorders, 0% for 12-months voice disorders, and 66% for life-time and unspecified recall period. Although around 70% of the total number of included publications assessed the occurrence of voice disorders among teachers as occupational voice users, an analysis per occupation was performed to identify possible influence of this factor in the occurrence of voice disorders. Studies that include just teachers as the group of occupational voice users (n=12) reported ORs ranging from 1.20 to 4.61. Heterogeneity test (I2) among these articles is 17%. Studies that include telemarketers, newsreaders, and sellers as the group of occupational voice users (n=6) reported ORs ranging from 0.85 when future vocal professionals were compared future non-vocal professionals to 4.58 when newsreaders were compared with non-newsreaders. Heterogeneity test (I2) among these articles is 40%. Conclusion: Occupational voice users have a higher likelihood of having voice disorders. Results of this meta-analysis show that teachers had a slightly lower likelihood (pool OR=1.95) than telemarketers, broadcasters, and sellers (pool OR=2.75) for having a voice disorder regardless the type of prevalence. Nevertheless, due the weak to moderate quality of the included studies, the results should be taken with caution.
Rehabilitación Fisiológica de la Voz: Terapia de Resistencia en el Agua
Authors: Manzano Aquiahuatl Carlos
Published: January 2022

La terapia de resistencia en el agua forma parte  del grupo de ejercicios de tracto vocal semiocluido que corresponden a la tendencia fisiológica de la rehabilitación vocal.  La  terapia de resistencia en el agua implica una constricción o alargamiento artificial del tracto vocal a través de popotes (pajitas) de uso comercial  o diferentes dispositivos como tubo finlandés, Lax Vox®, Doctor Vox®, Mask Vox®  y Pocket Vox® .  Los beneficios  acústicos, aerodinámicos y biomecánicos de la terapia de resistencia en el agua son producidos por el equilibrio obtenido entre la fonación, resonancia y respiración. El objetivo principal de la terapia de resistencia en el agua  no es el dispositivo ni el método; es  la obtención de una máxima economía vocal mediante el desarrollo de un aprendizaje sensoriomotor para la generación de un patrón vocal adecuado.
Digitalización de la Línea Funcional de la Deglución
Authors: Vargas Garcia Miguel Antonio , Vengoechea Jorge Luis , Eusse Solano Paola Andrea
Published: January 2022

La iniciativa busca digitalizar la propuesta de línea funcional de la deglución con líquidos como estrategia de cribado en la atención fonoaudiológica. La planificación metodológica de la propuesta, sustenta el desarrollo de una investigación proyectiva que se estructura de manera digital bajo el concepto de sistema de información en etapas fundamentadas bajo el modelo de desarrollo evolutivo; 1. Requerimiento; 2. Diseño; 3. Prototipo; 4. Testeo; 5. Informe final. Se desarrolla la aplicación bajo un lenguaje de programación orientado a Objetos Java para ser ejecutado en dispositivos móviles con Android; el prototipo permite realizar la calificación de la función valvular y arroja al final de la prueba una impresión diagnóstica, basada en la propuesta diagnóstica que sugiere la iniciativa de línea funcional. La propuesta de digitalización flexibiliza su accionar al pensar en dar respuesta no solo a una concepción valvular de la deglución, sino también a la concepción de las fases deglutorias o las unidades funcionales. Se proyecta como una estrategia evaluativa, pero también como un instrumento de apoyo para fundamentar las acciones de tratamiento basado en el análisis del descenso de la línea.
Palabras claves: Fonoaudiología; Evaluación; Tecnología.
Asociación entre Fonoaudiología, Psicología, y Odontología en la Patología del Bruxismo
Authors: Contreras Manrique Liliana , Contreras Manrique Rocío de Belén , Ovalle Lizcano Tatiana Valentina
Published: January 2022

El estudio presenta la asociación fonoaudiológica, psicológica y odontológica en la patología del bruxismo en los jóvenes universitarios; siendo relevante los movimientos y estabilidad en la producción del habla, la articulación témporomandibular, la articulación fonética, integrado por el trabajo en equipo de salud. Se detectó la ansiedad psíquica y ansiedad somática mediante el cuestionario de Hamilton. Es prevalente los síntomas psíquicos a partir del diagnóstico clínico y se observa la ansiedad con características de preocupaciones, tensión, insomnio, estrés, seguidamente se observó en la muestra los síntomas somáticos de desgaste de dientes en los estudiantes que presentan carillas dentales, maloclusión dentales, zumbido y dolores fuertes de oídos, acompañados de dolores maxilofacial como consecuencia de estas alteraciones en la articulación témporomandibulares, que van a incidir sobre el proceso del habla, especialmente en los procesos de articulación de los fonemas, resonancia y prosodia. Precisamente; la estabilidad mandibular es una condición que permite que la lengua se mueva de manera fina y disociada; sin embargo, los pacientes expresan en la historia clínica que son bruxómanos. Se aplicó la metodología descriptiva con un enfoque cuantitativo; siendo la muestra estudiada de 100 estudiantes universitarios, con un muestreo no probabilístico e intencional o por conveniencia
Oscilopatología en Trastornos del Espectro Autista
Authors: Morales Rojas Daniela Alexandra
Published: January 2022

El lenguaje como vehículo del desarrollo humano incide de importante manera en los procesos sociales, que figuran de forma determinante en el establecimiento de condiciones de vida y bienestar óptimas. Estudios modernos han encontrado que las habilidades que hacen del lenguaje una actividad de compleja integración multisensorial están determinadas por los ritmos de oscilación de las diferentes ondas cerebrales descritas desde las neurociencias. En la literatura se ha descrito un patrón anormal de oscilaciones, responsable de las deficiencias comunicativas en individuos con Trastornos del Espectro Autista y que junto con sus déficits sociales dan como resultado un perfil típicamente característico. Las ondas cerebrales demuestran tener incidencia en la manera en que se regulan los estados mentales que posibilitan tareas de alta demanda cognitiva como el aprendizaje, la comunicación y la comprensión del discurso, dificultades generalizadas en esta población. Los hallazgos aquí presentados, producto de una juiciosa revisión bibliográfica,  se caracterizan dentro de la fonoaudiología haciendo posible aterrizar los procesos de intervención a las necesidades lingüísticas y cognitivas específicas de estos individuos, valiéndose de mecanismos biológicos y dando como posible resultado, procedimientos de mayor relevancia y eficacia, que mejoren la calidad de vida de los usuarios y motiven, además, a los profesionales en fonoaudiología y área afines, a ampliar su conocimiento en este interesante campo.
Abordaje Fonoaudiológico de la Deglución en el Síndrome de Enclaustramiento
Authors: Vargas Garcia Miguel Antonio , Eusse Solano Paola , Alvarado Meza Jimy , Santoya Figueroa Olga
Published: January 2022

En el Síndrome de Enclaustramiento (Locked-In Syndrome, LIS) las manifestaciones clínicas son preponderantemente de orden motor, situación que requiere de la intervención del Fonoaudiólogo, dado el compromiso comunicativo y de la biomecánica deglutoria. La disfagia en el Locked-In Syndrome está dada por la desconexión sensorial y motriz de las estructuras anatómicas de la deglución, alterando la secuencia neuromotora y sensitiva del proceso deglutorio debido a la desconexión pontina. Dadas las características multicéntricas de la deglución, la intervención fonoaudiológica debe darse oportunamente, donde el eje fundamental de la intervención fonoaudiológica debe estar en la secuencialidad de los procesos neurofisiológicos; adoptando como estrategia fundamental el manejo de consistencias, para el fortalecimiento sensorial y motor de la deglución. Al intervenir las necesidades sensoriomotoras orales en pro de la alimentación, y usando como estrategias terapéuticas la modificación de consistencias, manejo de volúmen, postura, aditamento para suministro de alimento y tiempos de ingesta, se minimizan los riesgos en el proceso de alimentación y se pudo llegar a mantener un estado nutricional y de hidratación óptimo para la recuperación física general, desarrollado paralelamente con mejores procesos de interacción familiar que impactan positivamente la calidad de vida.
Caracterización Y Tipos De Errores Articulatorios En Pacientes Con Labio Y Paladar Hendido Bogotá( Colombia)
Authors: Jara Moreno Yasmir Brisel , Sarmiento Viasus Olga Isabel
Published: January 2022

Introducción: La condición de labio y paladar hendido (LPH) es una malformación abundante al nivel mundial; en Colombia la presentan 16 por cada 10000 nacidos vivos, resultando mayormente en Trastorno del habla por presencia de Articulaciones compensatorias.

Objetivo: Caracterizar a la población colombiana residentes en Bogotá respecto a errores articulatorios y fonemas afectados por el antecedente de LPH.

Materiales y métodos: Se incluyeron 108 historias clínicas de pacientes evaluados en el año 2016 tomando datos de valoración fonoaudiológica y adaptación de Universal Parameters for Reporting Speech Outcome in individuals with Cleft Palate.

Resultados: El 75% de la población requiere terapia de habla predominando la presencia de oclusión glotal y distorsión de los fonemas dentoalveolares oclusivo /t/ y fricativo /s/. El 41,66% de ellos presenta fistula e hipernasalidad. El desempeño del sexo femenino es significativamente inferior. Una mayor presencia de errores en los grupos de: PH y rango de edad de 7 a 36 años.

Conclusiones: Los profesionales de fonoaudiología deben centrarse en la intervención temprana de personas con LPH para lograr un adecuado desempeño en deglución, audición, lenguaje y habla para así disminuir secuelas y repercusiones en su calidad de vida.
Fundamentos y Método de las Revisiones Sistemáticas
Authors: Berra Silvina
Published: January 2022

La práctica profesional requiere el manejo de la evidencia científica actualizada sobre los asuntos en los que a diario se deciden diagnósticos o intervenciones. Las revisiones sistemáticas (RS) son síntesis  cualitativas y, a veces, cuantitativas sobre la evidencia disponible respecto de un tema puntual. Este trabajo contextualiza su origen en el movimiento de la medicina basada en la evidencia y las define como un tipo de investigación orientada a buscar, evaluar y sintetizar conocimiento científico previamente producido. A fin de comprender la importancia de la exhaustividad y la rigurosidad del método, se distingue una RS de una revisión narrativa. El método de RS se presenta en una serie de fases o pasos que abarca desde el planteo de una pregunta de investigación, pasando por las estrategias de búsqueda y técnicas e instrumentos para la evaluación de calidad, extracción y análisis de datos, la posibilidad de un metanálisis y, finalmente la interpretación de resultados. Dentro de los criterios de evaluación de la evidencia científica, un pilar fundamental de este tipo de investigación, se explican la validez interna, la precisión y la validez externa de los resultados como componentes de la calidad, y la cantidad y la consistencia de la evidencia científica, a partir de las cuales se pueden establecer las recomendaciones.
Clasificación Del Nivel De Riesgo Por Errores Funcionales de la Deglución (CRAF)
Authors: Vargas Garcia Miguel Antonio , Cely Arboleda Angelica , Suarez Juliza Tatiana , Vélez Gutiérrez Diego Alejandro
Published: January 2022

La disfagia es conocida como la dificultad o incapacidad a la hora de la ingesta de alimentos, la cual es analizada desde diferentes puntos ya que puede ser generada por factores anatómicos, sean estos de nacimiento o adquiridos, causas psicológicas o funcionales. El quehacer profesional en disfagia permite clasificar la severidad de la disfagia, pero no la calificación del riesgo de los distintos errores funcionales durante la ingesta. A razón de ello, este escrito propone clasificar el nivel de riesgo por errores funcionales de la deglución.

La investigación se planteó desde una naturaleza prospectiva con relación de validez, a través del método Delphi, mediante la cual se postuló una lista de errores funcionales de la deglución para ser validada por 6 jueces expertos en el área. Se realizó una propuesta en una matriz, que les permitió evaluar los distintos errores funcionales divididos en las fases deglutorias y los niveles de riesgo para repercutir en disfagia, según los ítems de suficiencia, relevancia, coherencia y claridad. Se obtuvo una lista de 38 errores validados, los cuales se fundamentan como riesgo, dado que al materializarse fomentan en la secuencia deglutoria una mayor probabilidad de penetración/aspiración de alimento hacia vía aérea. El consenso de la clasificación de estos errores según el riesgo, será una herramienta útil para profesionales del área. Se concluye, a través de la diferencia mínima significativa (LSD) de Fisher para medias, una lista de riesgos por errores funcionales de la deglución, en orden descendente según la severidad del riesgo que representa el error en la ingesta.
Diseases of Cannabis sativa Caused by Diverse Fusarium Species
Authors: Gwinn Kimberly D. , Hansen Zachariah , Kelly Heather , Ownley Bonnie H.
Published: January 2022

The potential of species of Fusarium to cause significant economic losses in Cannabis sativa due to plant diseases and mycotoxin residues is the subject of this review. Sixteen species of Fusarium, reported as associated with cannabis production, are classified in six species complexes: Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, F. incarnatum-equiseti, F. sambucinum, F. tricinctum, and F. fujikuroi. Taxonomy in this genus is the subject of debate, and removal of species in the F. solani Species Complex to the genus, Neocosmospora, has been proposed. Many species associated with C. sativa are also opportunistic pathogens of humans and animals. Species of Fusarium produce a myriad of mycotoxins, including at least three (deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and fumonisin B) deemed the most important mycotoxins in human and animal foods. These chemicals vary from the very simple chemicals (moniliformin and butanolide) to the structurally complex depsipeptides (beauvericin and enniatin B) and trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol and its acetylated derivatives, diacetoxyscirpenol, and T-2-toxin). The robust strategies for disease management (e.g., exclusion of the pathogen, control of environment, and host resistance) are in development for this new crop and have primarily relied on management systems for other crops. Biopesticides have been labeled for use on C. sativa; however, few efficacy trials have been performed. Host resistance to these pathogens and transmission are also understudied. The new markets for C. sativa and its derivative products require knowledge for control of these important fungal diseases to provide safe products for human consumption.
Chemical Group-Based Metabolome Analysis Identifies Candidate Plasma Biomarkers Associated With Residual Feed Intake in Beef Steers
Authors: Taiwo Godstime , Idowu Modoluwamu , Collins Shelby , Sidney Taylor , Wilson Matthew , Pech-Cervantes Andres , Ogunade Ibukun M.
Published: January 2022

We applied chemical group-based metabolomics to identify blood metabolic signatures associated with residual feed intake in beef cattle. A group of 56 crossbred growing beef steers (average BW = 261.3 ± 18.5 kg) were adapted to a high-forage total mixed ration in a confinement dry lot equipped with GrowSafe intake nodes for period of 49 d to determine their residual feed intake classification (RFI). After RFI determination, weekly blood samples were collected three times from beef steers with the lowest RFI [most efficient (HFE);n= 8] and highest RFI and least-efficient [least efficient (LFE);n= 8]. Plasma was prepared by centrifugation and composited for each steer. Metabolome analysis was conducted using a chemical isotope labeling (CIL)/liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, which permitted the analysis of metabolites containing amine/phenol-, carboxylic acid-, and carbonyl-chemical groups, which are metabolites associated with metabolisms of amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates, respectively. A total number of 495 amine/phenol-containing metabolites were detected and identified; pathway analysis of all these metabolites showed that arginine biosynthesis and histidine metabolism were enriched (P< 0.10) in HFE, relative to LFE steers. Biomarker analyses of the amine/phenol-metabolites identified methionine, 5-aminopentanoic acid, 2-aminohexanedioic acid, and 4-chlorolysine as candidate biomarkers of RFI [false discovery rate ≤ 0.05; Area Under the Curve (AUC) > 0.90]. A total of 118 and 330 metabolites containing carbonyl- and carboxylic acid-chemical groups, respectively were detected and identified; no metabolic pathways associated with these metabolites were altered and only one candidate biomarker (methionine sulfoxide) was identified. These results identified five candidate metabolite biomarkers of RFI in beef cattle which are mostly associated with amino acid metabolism. Further validation using a larger cohort of beef cattle of different genetic pedigree is required to confirm these findings.
Gene Expression-Based Predication of RNA Pseudouridine Modification in Tumor Microenvironment and Prognosis of Glioma Patients
Authors: Wang Lin-jian , Lv Peipei , Lou Yongli , Ye Jianping
Published: January 2022

Aberrant expression of methyltransferases and demethylases may augment tumor initiation, proliferation and metastasis through RNA modification, such as m6A and m5C. However, activity of pseudouridine (Ψ) modification of RNA remains unknown in glioma, the most common malignant intracranial tumor. In this study, we explored the expression profiles of the Ψ synthase genes in glioma and constructed an efficient prediction model for glioma prognosis based on the CGGA and TCGA datasets. In addition, the risk-score signature was positively associated with malignancy of gliomas and the abundance of tumor-infiltrating immune cells such as macrophages M0 and regulatory T cells (Tregs), but negatively associated with the abundance of monocytes, NK cell activation and T cell CD4+ naive. In terms of mechanism, the risk-score signature was positively associated with the expression of inflammatory molecules such as S100A11 and CASP4 in glioma. Overall, this study provided evidence for the activity of RNA Ψ modification in glioma malignancy and local immunity.
Mapping Critical Residues in ATG11’s Coiled-Coil 2 Domain that Block Multiple Interactions and Disrupt Selective Autophagy
Authors: Meyer Mitchell D. , Winzeler Jasmine , Taylor Sophia M. , Kilgore Alex , Edicha Kimberly , Chitwood Chase , Spearin Zachary , Silvia S. K. Nadia Rahman , Chakraborty Ronith , Smith Jesse E. , Kennedy Bridget , Zois Carson , Cawthon Hayley , Gilruth Mukiri , Backues Steven K.
Published: January 2022

Selective autophagy is a conserved subcellular process that maintains the health of eukaryotic cells by targeting damaged or toxic cytoplasmic components to the vacuole/lysosome for degradation. A key player in the initiation of selective autophagy in S. Cerevisiae (baker’s yeast) is a large adapter protein called Atg11. Atg11 has multiple predicted coiled-coil domains and intrinsically disordered regions, is known to dimerize, and binds and organizes other essential components of the autophagosome formation machinery, including Atg1 and Atg9. We performed systematic directed mutagenesis on the coiled-coil 2 domain of Atg11 in order to map which residues were required for its structure and function. Using yeast-2-hybrid and coimmunoprecipitation, we found only three residues to be critical: I562, Y565, and I569. Mutation of any of these, but especially Y565, could interfere with Atg11 dimerization and block its interaction with Atg1 and Atg9, thereby inactivating selective autophagy.
Molecular Mechanisms of Clonorchis sinensis-Host Interactions and Implications for Vaccine Development
Authors: Koda Stephane , Zhu Xing-Quan , Zheng Kui-Yang , Yan Chao
Published: January 2022

Infections caused by Clonorchis sinensis remain a significant public health challenge for both humans and animals, causing pyogenic cholangitis, cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, biliary fibrosis, and even cholangiocarcinoma. However, the strategies used by the parasite and the immunological mechanisms used by the host have not yet been fully understood. With the advances in technologies and the accumulated knowledge of host-parasite interactions, many vaccine candidates against liver flukes have been investigated using different strategies. In this review, we explore and analyze in-depth the immunological mechanisms involved in the pathogenicity of C. sinensis. We highlight the different mechanisms by which the parasite interacts with its host to induce immune responses. All together, these data will allow us to have a better understanding of molecular mechansism of host-parasite interactions, which may shed lights on the development of an effective vaccine against C. sinensis.
Deletion of Asrgl1 Leads to Photoreceptor Degeneration in Mice
Authors: Zhou Yu , Tian Wanli , Jiang Xiaoyan , Yang Huining , Jiang Zhilin , Li Xiao , Jiang Dan , Sun Kuanxiang , Yang Yeming , Liu Wenjing , Zhu Xianjun
Published: January 2022

The asparaginase and isoaspartyl peptidase 1 (ASRGL1) is an L-asparaginase and beta-aspartyl peptidase enzyme that may be involved in the formation of L-aspartate, a neurotransmitter that can operate as an excitatory neurotransmitter in some brain regions. Although variants in ASRGL1 have been reported in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients, the in vivo functions and mechanisms of ASRGL in RP remains unknown due to the lack of suitable disease models. To explore the role of ASRGL in RP, we generated an Asrgl1 knockout mouse model (Asrgl1 KO) using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique. Asrgl1 ablation in mice led to an attenuated electroretinogram (ERG) response around 8 months. The thickness of the outer nuclei layer (ONL) started to decrease around 9 months in Asrgl1 KO mice and gradually intensified at 12 and 15 months. Immunostaining revealed thinner inner segment (IS) and thinner outer segment (OS) as well as the progressive degeneration of rod and cone cells in Asrgl1 KO mice. One hundred forty-nine transcriptional differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found by RNA-seq in Asrgl1 KO retina. These DEGs were linked to a number of biological processes that were considerably enriched, including gastrointestinal disease and organismal injury and abnormalities. By analysis of canonical pathways, glucocorticoid receptor signaling was the most significant canonical pathway altered in Asrgl1 KO retina. Several molecules, including NFE2L2, IL-4, Foxp3, and Fos, were in the central nodes of the interaction network in Asrgl1 KO retina. In summary, our study provided a knockout mouse model for a better understanding of the molecular mechanism for ASRGL1-related RP.
The Role and Therapeutic Value of Syndecan-1 in Cancer Metastasis and Drug Resistance
Authors: Guo Sen , Wu XinYi , Lei Ting , Zhong Rui , Wang YiRan , Zhang Liang , Zhao QingYi , Huang Yan , Shi Yin , Wu Luyi
Published: January 2022

Metastasis and relapse are major causes of cancer-related fatalities. The elucidation of relevant pathomechanisms and adoption of appropriate countermeasures are thus crucial for the development of clinical strategies that inhibit malignancy progression as well as metastasis. An integral component of the extracellular matrix, the type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein syndecan-1 (SDC-1) binds cytokines and growth factors involved in tumor microenvironment modulation. Alterations in its localization have been implicated in both cancer metastasis and drug resistance. In this review, available data regarding the structural characteristics, shedding process, and nuclear translocation of SDC-1 are detailed with the aim of highlighting strategies directly targeting SDC-1 as well as SDC-1-mediated carcinogenesis.
Comprehensive Expression Analysis of Cardiac Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 in Health and Pressure-induced Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: Eitner Fiona , Richter Beatrice , Schwänen Saskia , Szaroszyk Malgorzata , Vogt Isabel , Grund Andrea , Thum Thomas , Heineke Joerg , Haffner Dieter , Leifheit-Nestler Maren
Published: January 2022

Enhanced fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in patients with chronic kidney and heart disease. Experimentally, FGF23 directly induces cardiac hypertrophy and vice versa cardiac hypertrophy stimulates FGF23. Besides the bone, FGF23 is expressed by cardiac myocytes, whereas its synthesis in other cardiac cell types and its paracrine role in the heart in health and disease is unknown. By co-immunofluorescence staining of heart tissue of wild-type mice, we show that Fgf23 is expressed by cardiac myocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Cardiac Fgf23 mRNA and protein level increases from neonatal to six months of age, whereas no age-related changes in bone Fgf23 mRNA expression were noted. Cardiac myocyte-specific disruption of Fgf23 using Cre-LoxP system (Fgf23fl/fl/cre+) caused enhanced mortality, but no differences in cardiac function or structure. Although pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) resulted in a slightly worse phenotype with a more severe reduced ejection fraction, higher end-systolic volume and more enlarged systolic LV diameter in Fgf23fl/fl/cre+ mice compared to controls, this was not translated to any worse cellular hypertrophy, fibrosis or chamber remodeling. TAC induced Fgf23 mRNA expression in whole cardiac tissue in both genotypes. Interestingly, co-immunofluorescence staining revealed enhanced Fgf23 synthesis in cardiac fibroblasts and endothelial cells but not in cardiac myocytes. RNA sequencing of isolated adult cardiac myocytes, cardiac fibroblasts and endothelial cells confirmed significantly higher Fgf23 transcription in cardiac fibroblasts and endothelial cells after TAC. Our data indicate that Fgf23 is physiologically expressed in various cardiac cell types and that cardiac fibroblasts and endothelial cells might be an important source of FGF23 in pathological conditions. In addition, investigations in Fgf23fl/fl/cre+ mice suggest that cardiac myocyte-derived FGF23 is needed to maintain cardiac function during pressure overload.
Highly Efficient One-Step Protein Immobilization on Polymer Membranes Supported by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Schmidt Martin , Abdul Latif Amira , Prager Andrea , Gläser Roger , Schulze Agnes
Published: January 2022

Immobilization of proteins by covalent coupling to polymeric materials offers numerous excellent advantages for various applications, however, it is usually limited by coupling strategies, which are often too expensive or complex. In this study, an electron-beam-based process for covalent coupling of the model protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) onto polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) flat sheet membranes was investigated. Immobilization can be performed in a clean, fast, and continuous mode of operation without any additional chemicals involved. Using the Design of Experiments (DoE) approach, nine process factors were investigated for their influence on graft yield and homogeneity. The parameters could be reduced to only four highly significant factors: BSA concentration, impregnation method, impregnation time, and electron beam irradiation dose. Subsequently, optimization of the process was performed using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). A one-step method was developed, resulting in a high BSA grafting yield of 955 mg m−2 and a relative standard deviation of 3.6%. High efficiency was demonstrated by reusing the impregnation solution five times consecutively without reducing the final BSA grafting yield. Comprehensive characterization was conducted by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and measurements of zeta potential, contact angle and surface free energy, as well as filtration performance. In addition, mechanical properties and morphology were examined using mercury porosimetry, tensile testing, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Advancements in Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Seed Oils for Biodiesel Production
Authors: Wu Shengjiang , Gao Chuanchuan , Pan Hu , Wei Kesu , Li Delun , Cai Kai , Zhang Heng
Published: January 2022

With the increasing demand for fossil fuels, decreasing fossil fuel reserves and deteriorating global environment, humanity urgently need to explore new clean and renewable energy to replace fossil fuel resources. Biodiesel, as an environmentally friendly fuel that has attracted considerable attention because of its renewable, biodegradable, and non-toxic superiority, seems to be a solution for future fuel production. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), an industrial crop, is traditionally used for manufacturing cigarettes. More importantly, tobacco seed is also widely being deemed as a typical inedible oilseed crop for the production of second-generation biodiesel. Advancements in raw material and enhanced production methods are currently needed for the large-scale and sustainable production of biodiesel. To this end, this study reviews various aspects of extraction and transesterification methods, genetic and agricultural modification, and properties and application of tobacco biodiesel, while discussing the key problems in tobacco biodiesel production and application. Besides, the proposals of new ways or methods for producing biodiesel from tobacco crops are presented. Based on this review, we anticipate that this can further promote the development and application of biodiesel from tobacco seed oil by increasing the availability and reducing the costs of extraction, transesterification, and purification methods, cultivating new varieties or transgenic lines with high oilseed contents, formulating scientific agricultural norms and policies, and improving the environmental properties of biodiesel.
SARS-COV-2 Variants: Differences and Potential of Immune Evasion
Authors: Hirabara Sandro M. , Serdan Tamires D. A. , Gorjao Renata , Masi Laureane N. , Pithon-Curi Tania C. , Covas Dimas T. , Curi Rui , Durigon Edison L.
Published: January 2022

The structural spike (S) glycoprotein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) plays an essential role in infection and is an important target for neutralizing antibody recognition. Mutations in the S gene can generate variants of concern (VOCs), which improve “viral fitness” through selective or survival advantages, such as increased ACE-2 receptor affinity, infectivity, viral replication, higher transmissibility, resistance to neutralizing antibodies and immune escape, increasing disease severity and reinfection risk. Five VOCs have been recognized and include B.1.1.7 (U.K.), B.1.351 (South Africa), P.1 (Brazil), B.1.617.2 (India), and B.1.1.529 (multiple countries). In this review, we addressed the following critical points concerning VOCs: a) characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 VOCs with mutations in the S gene; b) possible evasion of variants from neutralizing antibodies generated through vaccination, previous infection, or immune therapies; c) potential risk of new pandemic waves induced by the variants worldwide; and d) perspectives for further studies and actions aimed at preventing or reducing the impact of new variants during the current COVID-19 pandemic.