bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional organization of the neonatal thalamus across development depicted by functional MRI
Authors: Kebiri Hamza , Delavari Farnaz , Van De Ville Dimitri , Jorge João , Bach Cuadra Meritxell
Published: January 2025

The thalamus is a central component of the brain that is involved in a variety of functions, from sensory processing to high-order cognition. Its structure and function in the first weeks of extrauterine life, including its connections to different cortical and subcortical areas, have not yet been widely explored. Here, we used resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 730 newborns from the developing Human Connectome Project to study the functional organization of the thalamus from 37 to 44 post-conceptual weeks. We introduce KNIT: K-means for Nuclei in Infant Thalamus. The framework employs a highly granular vector space of 40 features, each corresponding to functional connectivity to a brain region, usingk-meansclustering and uncertainty quantification through bootstrapping to delineate thalamic units. Although the different clusters showed common patterns of increased connectivity to the superior temporal gyrus, the parietal, and the frontal cortex, implying an expected decrease in specialization at that age, they also show some specificity. That is, a pulvinar unit was identified, similar to the adult thalamus. Ventrolateral motor and medial salience units were also highlighted. The latter appeared around 41 weeks of age, while the former showed at least from 37 weeks, but had a decrease in volume through age, replaced mostly by a dominant dorsal thalamic unit. We also observed an increase in clustering robustness and in hemispheric bilateral symmetry with age, suggesting more specialized functional units. We also found a burst in global thalamic connectivity around 41 weeks. Finally, we demonstrate the benefits of this method in terms of granularity compared to the more conventional winner-takes-all approach.
Cholinergic Modulation of Chandelier Cells via Heteromeric Nicotinic Receptors in Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Martinez-Marquez Emilio , Reyes-Leon Santiago , Garcia-San-Jose Flores , Lopez-Begines Santiago , Nieto-Gonzalez Jose L , Garcia-Junco-Clemente Pablo
Published: January 2025

Chandelier cells (ChCs) are a distinct subtype of GABAergic interneurons that form vertical arrays of presynaptic boutons targeting the axon initial segment (AIS) of pyramidal neurons (PNs). They are particularly abundant in prefrontal cortex, where cholinergic inputs modulate cognitive functions and shape ChC axonal development. However, the effects of the cholinergic system on ChC activity in the adult brain remain largely unexplored. Here, using a genetic intersectional strategy (VipR2-Pvalb-Ai65) in adult mice, we selectively labeled ChCs in the secondary motor cortex (M2). Immunohistochemistry and electrophysiology confirmed morphological and functional properties distinguishing them from basket cells. We found that these ChCs exhibit an inward current in response to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists. Pharmacological blockade and fluorescent in situ hybridization revealed that this effect is primarily mediated by heteromeric nAChRs containing β2 subunits, with a smaller contribution from α3 subunits. Optogenetic stimulation of basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic axons evoked inward currents in ChCs, confirming a functional cholinergic drive. Furthermore, in vivo two-photon calcium imaging revealed a strong correlation between ChC activity and behavioral markers of arousal, including locomotion and pupil dilation. Importantly, the application of nicotinic receptor antagonists significantly diminished ChC activity during movement. Together, these results indicate that ChCs are modulated by cholinergic input via heteromeric nAChRs, emphasizing their importance in facilitating state-dependent cortical dynamics.
Incorporating grey relational analysis into decomposition ensemble models for forecasting air passenger demand
Authors: Hu Yi-Chung , Wu Geng , Tsai Jung-Fa
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Linear addition is commonly used to generate ensemble forecasts for decomposition ensemble models but traditionally treats individual modes with equal weights for simplicity. Using Taiwan air passenger flow as an empirical case, this study examines whether incorporating weighting for individual single-mode forecasts assessed by grey relational analysis into linear addition can improve the accuracy of the decomposition ensemble models used to forecast air passenger demand.

Design/methodology/approach

Data series are decomposed into several single modes by empirical mode decomposition, and then different artificial intelligence methods are applied to individually forecast these decomposed modes. By incorporating the correlation between each forecasted mode series and the original time series into linear addition for ensemble learning, a genetic algorithm is applied to optimally synthesize individual single-mode forecasts to obtain the ensemble forecasts.

Findings

The empirical results in terms of level and directional forecasting accuracy showed that the proposed decomposition ensemble models with linear addition using grey relational analysis improved the forecasting accuracy of air passenger demand for different forecasting horizons.

Practical implications

Accurately forecasting air passenger demand is beneficial for both policymakers and practitioners in the aviation industry when making operational plans.

Originality/value

In light of the significance of improving the accuracy of decomposition ensemble models for forecasting air passenger demand, this research contributes to the development of a weighting scheme using grey relational analysis to generate ensemble forecasts.
Global virtual teams projects and developing AI literacy: a mixed-methods study on preparing students for the international technology-infused workplace
Authors: Swartz Stephanie , Luck Susan , Sharma Soni
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study describes a short-term project designed for students to develop important skills needed for artificial intelligence (AI) literacy and to understand how the concepts of AI literacy may be viewed in different countries.

Design/methodology/approach

This mixed-methods study sets out to investigate students’ perceptions on the use of AI-generated communication in the workplace, particularly the use of ChatGPT for business communication. We discuss student responses to questions regarding AI-generated business communication according to the diamond model of AI literacy.

Findings

This study’s findings reflect students’ awareness of the use of AI at their workplace, their perceptions of the benefits and challenges of AI-generated business communication, as well as their perceived need for institutionalizing policies at their respective companies. The study reports on potential differences in cultural attitudes regarding generative AI.

Research limitations/implications

This study involved a project with a limited sample. It involved students in the United States of America, Germany and India and was replicated. Despite the sample size, we feel it has relevance for underlining opportunities for AI literacy skills in higher education (HE) institutions, especially in terms of heightening awareness of cultural appropriateness, sensitivity towards data privacy needs and developing students' intercultural communication skills.

Originality/value

The following study addresses the need for institutions of HE to develop students’ AI literacy, including how concepts of AI literacy may be viewed differently and how AI-generated business communication must be adapted to suit diverse environments. The study encourages instructors to incorporate AI tools in their curricula by illustrating one best use-case for developing students’ abilities to utilize this technology for professional business communication.
Analysis of challenges of lean six sigma and cyber physical system integration using CODAS
Authors: Vigneshvaran R. , Vinodh S.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Organisations are looking for a concept that can solve traditional as well upgraded production problems with current resources and technology, and this can be addressed by integration of lean six sigma (LSS) with Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies. This reduces complexity in the manufacturing process through digital technologies. Cyber physical system (CPS) is considered as primary I4.0 technology with which all other technologies are associated to extend. CPS can integrate with other prevailing manufacturing approaches like lean, LSS and so on. LSS, on the other hand, is a team-focussed performance improvement strategy which is widely used by the industries to identify problems, eliminate waste to meet customer requirements. The study aims at analysis of challenges for LSS and CPS integration.

Design/methodology/approach

Integrating LSS and CPS will solve both traditional and modern manufacturing problems. To integrate these technologies, organisational requirements need to be assessed. These requirements are posed as challenges in this study. Their priority weights are analysed, and challenges are prioritised using fuzzy Combinative Distance-based Assessment (CODAS) method. Sensitivity analysis is employed to assess the robustness of the results.

Findings

The result of this study enables top management to integrate LSS and CPS. In this study, 20 challenges were identified, and they are assessed to compute their relative assessment score. Requirement of new tools and methods with 0.6 score ranks first followed by interplay with big data and requirement of new communication protocol. The result highlighted the need for integration of LSS and CPS, proper utilisation of information and communication technologies, and cyber security management as the main impediments that need to be addressed to implement CPS in an LSS environment.

Originality/value

The analysis of challenges of LSS and CPS integration using MCDM tool is the original contribution of the authors.
Orchestrating the digital symphony: the impact of data-driven orientation, organizational culture and digital maturity on big data analytics capabilities
Authors: Orero-Blat Maria , Palacios-Marqués Daniel , Leal-Rodríguez Antonio L.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to explore the factors that influence the development of big data analytics capabilities (BDAC) in organizations, an area that has received limited attention in the academic literature.

Design/methodology/approach

Employing partial least squares structural equation modeling, this research scrutinizes the interconnections between various antecedents and BDAC. Notably, it examines the mediating roles of organizational culture (OC) and digital maturity (DM) in the nexus between managerial data orientation and BDAC.

Findings

Analysis indicates that OC and DM play crucial roles in enhancing the efficacy of managerial data orientation on BDAC. The sequential mediation by these factors underscores the importance of nurturing an appropriate OC and advancing DM to optimize the benefits of managerial data orientation towards BDAC.

Practical implications

The findings bear significant implications for organizational practice. They underscore the necessity of enhancing managerial analytical skills and commitment to digital transformation. Furthermore, the study highlights the critical need for aligning OC with strategic objectives and the digital context. The formulation of a cultural strategy that advocates for a data-driven mindset and champions digital initiatives is essential for fostering BDAC development, thereby bolstering organizational performance and competitiveness in the big data era.

Originality/value

This study enriches the body of literature by illuminating the overlooked antecedents of BDAC. It extends the discourse on the human-centric aspects of digital transformation, offering insights into how managerial data orientation can be effectively translated into improved BDAC. This innovative angle deepens our comprehension of the strategies through which organizations can leverage big data technology for value creation and informed decision-making, emphasizing the pivotal role of OC and the requisite digital competencies and resources.
Exploring the Dynamic Interplays of Morphological Awareness and Reading Skills in Chinese Children
Authors: Wang Zhenliang , Ding Wan , Xie Ruibo , Wu Xinchun , Wenren Shiqing , Xia Yue
Published: January 2025

Theoretical work has suggested close associations between morphological awareness (MA) and reading skills in Chinese; however, the nature and direction of these time‐ordered links are little known. This study examined the interplays of MA and reading skills using a continuous‐time modeling approach to three waves of two‐year longitudinal data from first‐ (N = 149; 69 girls) and third‐grade (N = 142; 74 girls) Chinese children. Results showed that (a) increases in MA predicted subsequent increases in reading skills (i.e., word‐reading accuracy, word‐reading fluency, and sentence‐reading comprehension) and vice versa, (b) age only moderated the predictive effect of MA on sentence‐reading comprehension, and (c) the magnitude of these effects was time‐sensitive. The theoretical and educational implications of these findings are discussed.
Haplotype Phasing of Biallelic WNT10B Variants Using Long‐Read Sequencing in Split‐Hand/Foot Malformation Syndrome
Authors: Pozojevic Jelena , Kakar Naseebullah , Sczakiel Henrike L. , Kruse Nathalie , Händler Kristian , Balachandran Saranya , Sreenivasan Varun , Mensah Martin A. , Spielmann Malte
Published: January 2025

Split‐hand/foot malformation syndrome (SHFM) is a congenital limb malformation that is both clinically and genetically heterogeneous. Variants in WNT10B are known to cause an autosomal recessive form of SHFM. Here, we report a patient born to unrelated parents who was found to be a compound heterozygote for missense variants in WNT10B: c.994C>T, p.(Arg332Trp) and c.638T>G, p.(Phe213Cys). The variants were identified using long‐read PacBio sequencing, which enabled phasing and confirmed that they were located on different alleles. The maternally inherited variant p.(Arg332Trp) has been previously reported, whereas the paternally inherited variant p.(Phe213Cys) is novel and absent from the gnomAD database. Our findings highlight the utility of long‐read haplotype phasing, which provides valuable insights in determining the biallelic nature of variants in recessive disorders when parental DNA samples are unavailable.
The Indigenous Range of the Tiger (Panthera tigris)
Authors: Sanderson Eric W. , Miquelle Dale G. , Harihar Abishek , Breitenmoser Urs , Breitenmoser‐Würsten Christine , Cooper David M. , Faziolahi Kaveh , Fisher Kim , Goodrich John , Gray Thomas N. E. , Kang Aili , Kitchener Andrew C. , MacMillan Douglas C. , Ostrowski Stephane , Royte Lucinda , Thapa Kanchan , Yamaguchi Nobuyuki
Published: January 2025

Aim

Indigenous range maps are fundamental documents in biogeography, phylogeny and conservation. We define the indigenous range of a species as ecoregions (or parts of ecoregions) where the species was likely found before humans became a major factor shaping the species' distribution, beginning at a time when the geographical alignment of the continents and the prevailing climate are (or at least were) roughly consistent with current conditions. We developed a structured, generally applicable method to map a species' indigenous range and applied this process to the tiger (Panthera tigris).

Location

Terrestrial Asia.

Methods

To guide our mapping, we synthesised a database of over 70,000 tiger observations with dates and locations. We developed a structured Delphi process to assign categories of indigenous range to ecoregions aided by a climate niche model. We analysed tiger habitat change at the ecoregional scale using the anthropogenically modified biomes (‘Anthrome 12K’) dataset to suggest dates of first significant human impact. Finally, we estimated extirpation dates for ecoregions where tigers have been extirpated.

Results

We found the tiger once occupied a likely indigenous resident range of approximately 11.5 million km2, crossing 116 ecoregions. We also mapped an additional c. 11.7 million km2 of exploratory range and 1.2 million km2 of possible resident range. Collectively these areas overlap with 36 modern countries. Significant human disruption of the species' habitat seems to have begun over 6000 years ago in some areas, but in other regions has yet to materialise. In few arid ecoregions, human activities appear to have modestly increased habitat availability in the past, yet overall tigers have lost between 90% and 95% of their indigenous range over the last 8500 years.

Main Conclusions

We define the ‘indigenous range’ of a species, develop a replicable biogeographical procedure, apply the procedure to the tiger and discuss transferability to other species.
How to Identify Priority Sites for Invasive Alien Species Policy and Management
Authors: Clarke David A. , Clarke Rohan H. , McGeoch Melodie. A.
Published: January 2025

Aim

Identifying priority species and introduction pathways has long been a goal of national and international policy for reducing and mitigating the impacts of invasive alien species (IAS). Although identifying priority sites for invasion management is included within Target 6 of the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, methods for doing so that capture both site sensitivity (i.e., the level of biodiversity value) and susceptibility to invasion have received little attention. Here we describe and implement a data‐driven approach to priority site identification that integrates spatial conservation planning and biodiversity modelling techniques.

Location

Australia.

Methods

We use the modelled distributions of 5113 Australian native species and 12 invasive alien insect species as a case study for demonstrating a data‐driven approach for identifying priority sites for the purposes of IAS surveillance and management. The approach consists of three components, namely the identification of sensitive, susceptible and subsequently their overlap (i.e., priority sites). We also compare our approach with a proposed alternative for use as priority sites, Australia's key biodiversity area (KBA) network.

Results

Numerous sensitive sites were identified across Australia using a large and taxonomically diverse set of native species and areas of known conservation importance. Most IAS distributions had a high degree of overlap with sensitive sites, with 10 out 12 species having median site sensitivities above 0.70. We also demonstrate that, by comparison, using KBA's as priority sites can underestimate the potential threat of environmentally invasive alien insects.

Main Conclusions

Given that sites most susceptible to invasion may not be the most sensitive, implementing site‐based prioritisation approaches should account for both components of priority site identification to guide IAS management and most effectively mitigate their environmental impacts. The approach demonstrated here can be applied at multiple national and sub‐national scales and improve the efficiency of interventions for IAS.
Unlocking Mechanisms for Soil Organic Matter Accumulation: Carbon Use Efficiency and Microbial Necromass as the Keys
Authors: Yang Yang , Gunina Anna , Cheng Huan , Liu Liangxu , Wang Baorong , Dou Yanxing , Wang Yunqiang , Liang Chao , An Shaoshan , Chang Scott X.
Published: January 2025

Soil microorganisms transform plant‐derived C (carbon) into particulate organic C (POC) and mineral‐associated C (MAOC) pools. While microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) is widely recognized in current biogeochemical models as a key predictor of soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, large‐scale empirical evidence is limited. In this study, we proposed and experimentally tested two predictors of POC and MAOC pool formation: microbial necromass (using amino sugars as a proxy) and CUE (by 18O‐H2O approach). Soil sampling (0–10 and 10–20 cm depth) was conducted along a climatic transect of 900 km on the Loess Plateau, including cropland, grassland, shrubland, and forest ecosystems, to ensure the homogeneous soil parent material. We found the highest POC and MAOC accumulation occurred in zones of MAT between 5°C and 10°C or MAP between 300 and 500 mm. Microbial necromass C was more positively related to POC than MAOC (p < 0.05), suggesting that microbial residues may improve POC pool more strongly compared to MAOC pool. Random forest and linear regression analyses showed that POC increased with fungal necromass C, whereas bacterial necromass C drove MAOC. Microbial CUE was coupled with MAOC (p < 0.05) but decoupled with POC and SOC (p > 0.05). The POC have faster turnover rate due to the lack of clay protection, which may lead to the rapid turnover of microbial necromass and thus their decoupling from the CUE. In this sense, the SOC accumulation is driven by microbial necromass, whereas CUE explains MAOC dynamics. Our findings highlight the insufficiency of relying solely on microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) to predict bulk SOC storage. Instead, we propose that CUE and microbial necromass should be used together to explain SOC dynamics, each influencing distinct C pools.
Evaluation of preventive medicine amongst people living with human immunodeficiency virus attending a hospital‐based care setting
Authors: Perera Manoshi , Gilroy Nicole , Lewis David A. , Ferguson Patricia E.
Published: January 2025

Background

With improved outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) due to the use of anti‐retroviral therapy, ensuring adequate preventative healthcare and management of HIV‐related comorbidities is essential.

Aims

To evaluate adherence with recommended guidelines for comorbidity and immunisation status screening amongst people living with HIV within a hospital‐based setting across two timepoints.

Methods

A single‐centre retrospective case series was conducted at a hospital between 2011 and 2021. Inclusion criteria were ≥18 years, confirmed diagnosis of HIV and commencement of care within study period. Medical data were reviewed over two 12‐month periods to capture comorbidity screening and vaccination adherence using established guidelines (Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine, Alfred Screening tool and Australian Technical Advisory Group recommendations). Descriptive statistics were obtained with IBM spss (version 29.0).

Results

Of 102 patients, 82 (80.4%) were male and 55 (53.9%) born overseas. Nineteen (18.6%) patients entered in 2011, with a median of 36.5 months from service entry to exit. Within 12 months of entry 56 (55.4%) participants had influenza vaccination recorded. Within the last 12 months, 94.8% had recorded COVID‐19 vaccination, with improvements in pneumococcal (72.3%) and hepatitis B (82.8%) since service entry. Recording of comorbidity screening was >90% for blood pressure, weight and renal function at both timepoints, however, suboptimal (<10%) for substance misuse, cognitive and osteoporosis screening.

Conclusions

There is a disparity amongst comorbidity screening and documentation of vaccination status. Further measures are required to target improvements in immunisation, bone health, substance misuse and cognitive impairment screening.
The Quiet Learner of the UK Art Classroom
Authors: Ryder Mags
Published: January 2025

This paper investigates the perceptions and implications of quietness among students in the UK classroom, challenging the prevalent notion that vocal participation equates to engagement and success. Despite concerns from educators and parents about quiet students' engagement, this research explores how silence and quietness function as integral components of classroom dynamics. Through interviews with Year 11 students, the paper examines students' views on their quietness and its role in learning. The literature review reveals diverse conceptualisations of quietness, ranging from an absence of speech to positive social disengagement, attentive listening and creativity. Theoretical frameworks such as Figured Worlds and Flow Theory are employed to understand how students' identities and learning experiences are shaped by their quietness. The findings conclude that the negative perceptions of quiet students arise from a misunderstanding of quietness, advocating for a progressive view that recognises the benefits of 'quiet ways' in teaching and learning. Further research with educators is proposed to explore their perceptions of student quietness and its impact on educational practices. This study contributes to a nuanced understanding of classroom participation, challenging traditional expectations of vocal engagement.
Effect of In Situ Acid Erosion on Structural and Optical Properties of Nanoparticulated Bisacrylic Resin With Different Surface Treatments
Authors: Mendonça Isabela Dornelas Neves , de Oliveira Limirio João Pedro Justino , Foltran Thiago Scudeler , Campaner Marcio , Nascimento Victor Alves , de Souza Albergardi Ana Beatriz , Sampaio Gabriel Nunes , Pesqueira Aldieris Alves
Published: January 2025

Objective

To evaluate the influence of in situ acid erosion on the structural and optical properties of nanoparticulate bisacrylic resin with different surface treatments, evaluating surface roughness (Ra), knoop microhardness (KHN), color change (ΔE, ΔL, ΔC, ΔH), contrast (CR) and translucency (TP).

Methods

Eighty specimens were made (n = 10 per group) and the following surface treatments were applied: UP—unpolished; Ap—polishing with Astropol rubber tips (Ivoclar); SB—Biscover LV surface sealant (Bisco) and SP—Palaseal surface sealant (kulzer). For the in situ experiment, 10 volunteers wore an intraoral appliance containing eight specimens (two specimens per experimental group), with only one specimen from each experimental group being subjected to the acid process. They were immersed in 150 mL of cola‐based soda (pH = 2.3), 4 × 5 min/day for 14 consecutive days evaluating surface roughness (Ra), knoop microhardness (KHN), color change by CIEDE2000 (ΔE, ΔL, ΔC, ΔH), contrast (CR) and translucency (TP).

Results

The SB and SP groups adopted the lowest Ra values, with a significant difference from the others. The SB group had the highest values of KHN and NP the lowest, with a significant difference from the others. The SP group had the highest values of ΔE00, being the only one with a significant difference from the others. In all analyses, there was no significant change between the groups without and with acid administration.

Conclusion

The surface sealants were able to improve the surface roughness and microhardness of the bisacrylic resin, however, the Palaseal sealant generates unacceptable color change. The acid injection did not significantly influence the properties of the material, regardless of the surface treatment performed.
Self‐Compassion and Psychosocial Well‐Being After Traumatic Births: Caring for the Midwife
Authors: Musseri Navon Yael , Malakov Chani , Woloski Wruble Anna , Abu Ahmad Wiessam , Zusman Nurit , Liebergall Wischnitzer Michal
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Midwives report high rates of exposure to traumatic births that can negatively affect their psychosocial well‐being. Self‐compassion can be considered as a tool to promote psychosocial well‐being. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of midwives’ exposure to traumatic births and explore midwives’ self‐compassion and its correlation to their psychosocial well‐being in relation to experiences of traumatic births.

Methods

In a cross‐sectional correlational study, data were collected using an electronic questionnaire by way of social networks and the website of the Israel Midwives Association. Inclusion criteria were certified Israeli midwives working in a hospital delivery room and able to read and write Hebrew. The questionnaire was composed of 4 parts: a demographic section, a traumatic events in perinatal care list, a self‐compassion scale–short form, and a psychosocial health and well‐being tool (short form of Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire).

Results

The most common traumatic event reported was death. Self‐compassion and psychosocial health and well‐being were found to be at a medium‐high level (mean [SD], 40.66 [6.5]; 38.33 [13.03]), and correlated significantly (r = 0.339; P < .001). There was a significant interaction effect between low self‐compassion (mean, ≤3.17) and exposure to traumatic birth in the last year on psychosocial well‐being compared with those who were not exposed to traumatic birth in the last year (F2,103 = 3.25; P = .043). No significant effect was found in those women with medium (mean, 3.18‐3.67) or high (mean, ≥3.68) self‐compassion.

Discussion

Self‐compassion is related to the psychosocial health and well‐being of midwives exposed to traumatic birth. Self‐compassion can be learned and should be considered for inclusion in midwives’ basic and continuing education.
Sub‐Microliter 1H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for In Vivo High‐Spatial Resolution Metabolite Quantification in the Mouse Brain
Authors: Abaei Alireza , Deelchand Dinesh K. , Kassubek Jan , Roselli Francescois , Rasche Volker
Published: January 2025

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) offers a non‐invasive, repeatable, and reproducible method for in vivo metabolite profiling of the brain and other tissues. However, metabolite fingerprinting by MRS requires high signal‐to‐noise ratios for accurate metabolite quantification, which has traditionally been limited to large volumes of interest, compromising spatial fidelity. In this study, we introduce a new optimized pipeline that combines LASER MRS acquisition at 11.7 T with a cryogenic coil and advanced offline pre‐ and post‐processing. This approach achieves a signal‐to‐noise ratio sufficient to reliably quantify 19 distinct metabolites in a volume as small as 0.7 μL within the mouse brain. The resulting high spatial resolution and spectral quality enable the identification of distinct metabolite fingerprints in small, specific regions, as demonstrated by characteristic differences in N‐acetylaspartate, glutamate, taurine, and myo‐inositol between the motor and somatosensory cortices. We demonstrated a decline in taurine and glutamate in the primary motor cortex between 5 and 11 months of age, against the stability of other metabolites. Further exploitation to cortical layer‐specific metabolite fingerprinting of layer I–III to layer VI–V in the primary motor cortex, with the latter showing reduced taurine and phosphoethanolamine levels, demonstrates the potential of this pipeline for detailed in vivo metabolite fingerprinting of cortical areas and subareas.

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The King Is Dead – Long Live Who? A Family and Firm Embeddedness Perspective on Succession after the CEO‐Owner's Sudden Death
Authors: Eddleston Kimberly A. , Sieger Philipp , Chirico Francesco , Baù Massimo
Published: January 2025

When the CEO‐owner of an SME suddenly dies, who should take over? Integrating the social embeddedness perspective with research on crisis management, we theorize that an SME's financial health gets progressively worse before it stabilizes and recovers, reflecting an inverse U‐shaped relationship between time since the CEO‐owner's sudden death and an SME's financial distress. We then explore how successors' family and firm embeddedness moderate this relationship. Using a longitudinal sample of Swedish SMEs, we find general support for our theorizing. While nonfamily successors lead to less financial distress than family successors immediately following a CEO‐owner's sudden death, the opposite occurs in the long term. Further, successors with high firm embeddedness are associated with less financial distress than those with low firm embeddedness in both the short‐ and long‐term. Additionally, our post‐hoc analyses reveal that successors with high firm embeddedness, independent of their family embeddedness, outperform those low in firm embeddedness. Family successors lacking firm embeddedness report the highest financial distress, whereas family successors with high firm embeddedness experience the lowest. Our social embeddedness perspective on succession after the CEO‐owner's sudden death therefore contends that successor embeddedness explains differences in an SME's financial health, with the importance of successor firm tenure overshadowing the effect of family status.
Study of Children Aged Under 2 Years Admitted With RSV at Four Australian Hospitals [2021–2022]
Authors: Crawford Nigel W. , Alafaci Annette , Clark Julia E. , Francis Joshua R. , Blyth Christopher C. , Pienaar Catherine , Minney‐Smith Cara , Dougherty Sonia , Panditha Anjalee , Francis Laura , Barr Ian G.
Published: January 2025

Aims

Primary aim was to review severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) hospitalisations caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in children aged < 2 years in paediatric hospitals in Australia. Secondary aims included RSV subtyping, assessing RSV seasonality and contributing to the World Health Organisation's RSV surveillance programme.

Methods

We prospectively reviewed the medical records of children (< 2 years of age) with a confirmed SARI who were admitted to one of four major Australian paediatric hospitals and had a respiratory sample analysed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). A detailed dataset was completed for RSV positive cases.

Results

Between 1 January 2021 and 31 December 2022, 2290 RSV (laboratory‐confirmed) admissions were identified (53.4% of all SARI admissions). Approximately 50% of all RSV cases were aged 0–6 months. RSV‐A predominated in 2021 with peak infections observed in summer while in 2022 RSV‐B predominated with peak infections in the more traditional winter months.

The median total length of stay (LOS) for RSV positive admissions was 46 h (IQR: 22–82 h). 9% of these children required an ICU admission with a prolonged median LOS 68 h (IQR: 40–112 h). Respiratory support utilisation was consistent over the 2 years. 1.8% required mechanical ventilation; 4.6% continuous positive airway pressure; 23.3% high flow oxygen; and 50.8% low flow oxygen.

Conclusions

RSV in children continues to cause a significant disease burden at Australian tertiary paediatric centres. Ongoing hospital surveillance is required to document the impact of RSV preventative therapies that have become available in 2024.
A Structural Decomposition of Imports in Argentina: The Role of Autonomous Demand, Income Distribution, and Productive Integration (1953–2018)
Authors: Landau Matías Torchinsky
Published: January 2025

Foreign currency scarcity stands as one of the most significant constraints on growth for small open economies. This article investigates the determinants of import growth, the main source of demand for foreign currency, by introducing a novel adaptation of structural decomposition analysis, rooted in a Sraffian supermultiplier growth model. The decomposition is applied to Argentina's input‐output matrices spanning 1953–2018. Findings reveal that autonomous demand is the primary long run determinant of imports, through its influence on output. While the role of income distribution in the long run is neglectable, it holds significance in the short term. The process of deindustrialization, initiated in the mid‐70s, has amplified the influence of autonomous demand on imports. This further reduced the external space to boost demand and output through increased government spending and/or higher real wages.
Two TAL Effectors of Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum Induce Water Soaking by Activating GhSWEET14 Genes in Cotton
Authors: Shah Syed Mashab Ali , Haq Fazal , Huang Kunxuan , Wang Qi , Liu Linlin , Li Ying , Wang Yong , Khan Asaf , Yang Ruihuan , Khojasteh Moein , Xu Xiameng , Xu Zhengyin , Chen Gongyou
Published: January 2025

Bacterial blight of cotton (BBC) caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum (Xcm) is an important and destructive disease affecting cotton plants. Transcription activator‐like effectors (TALEs) released by the pathogen regulate cotton resistance to the susceptibility. In this study, we sequenced the whole genome of Xcm Xss‐V2‐18 and identified eight tal genes: seven on the plasmids and one on the chromosome. Deletion and complementation experiments of Xss‐V2‐18 tal genes demonstrated that Tal1b is required for full virulence on cotton. Transcriptome profiling coupled with TALE‐binding element prediction revealed that Tal1b targets GhSWEET14A04/D04 and GhSWEET14D02 simultaneously. Expression analysis confirmed the independent inducibility of GhSWEET14A04/D04 and GhSWEET14D02 by Tal1b, whereas GhSWEET14A04/D04 is additionally targeted by Tal1. Moreover, β‐glucuronidase and Xa10‐mediated hypersensitive response assays indicated that the effector‐binding element (EBEs) are required for the direct and specific activation of the candidate targets by Tal1 and Ta1b. These insights enhance our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of bacterial blight in cotton and might lead to improved resistance through EBEs disruption or a TALE‐trap strategy.
Repeatability of lipid layer thickness using LipiView® following removal of contact lenses and its relationship to comfort
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Masoudi Simin , Vijay Ajay Kumar , Naduvilath Thomas John , Dumpati Srikanth , Raj Ankit , Willcox Mark
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To assess the repeatability of lipid layer thickness (LLT) measurement using the LipiView® interferometer after daily disposable contact lens (CL) wear and correlation with ocular comfort in soft contact lens wearers.

Methods

A prospective study was conducted over two consecutive months, wherein CL wearers (n = 20) wore either Somofilcon A or Verofilcon A daily disposable CLs in a crossover design, switching lenses after 1 month. The pre‐corneal tear film LLT was measured at the end of each month after CLs had been worn for at least 6 h. Using the LipiView® interferometer, three measurements of the LLT (average, maximum and minimum) were recorded. Subjects' symptoms were evaluated with the Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire‐8 (CLDEQ‐8) and correlations sought between post‐lens pre‐corneal tear film LLT and symptoms.

Results

The average, maximum and minimum intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of LLT measurements at baseline were 0.57, 0.39 and 0.66, respectively, indicating poor (ICC < 0.4) to moderate (≥0.4, <0.75) repeatability. Coefficients of repeatability (CR) were 20.4, 24.8 and 20.8, respectively. After daily disposable CL wear, the ICC values were 0.66, 0.72 and 0.63 (indicating moderate repeatability), with CR values of 25.7, 32.0 and 23.3, respectively. Although all the ICC values of the pre‐corneal LLT increased after daily disposable lens wear indicating improved repeatability, the CR values also increased, indicating larger spread of data. However, in both cases, these increases were not significantly different from baseline. There were no significant differences in pre‐corneal LLT between the two lens types and no significant correlation with comfort scores (baseline: r = −0.11, p = 0.67; Verofilcon A lenses: r = 0.19, p = 0.45; Somofilcon A lenses r = 0.13, p = 0.62) for either lens.

Conclusions

The repeatability of average, maximum and minimum LLT measurements performed by LipiView remained stable during CL wear. There was no significant correlation between LLT and comfort scores.
High Detection Rate of Posterolateral Tibial Plateau Fractures and Poor Functional Outcomes in Type IIIB Impaction Fractures After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture and Reconstruction
Authors: Jiang Shijie , Ren Weizhi , Zhu Ruixia , Dimitriou Dimitris , Cheng Rongshan , Jia Xiaojun , Zheng Dong , Wang Yuji , Xu Wei
Published: January 2025

Objective

The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures has been increasing annually. However, clinical surgeons have overlooked the impaction fractures of the posterolateral tibial plateau and lateral femoral condyle in patients with ACL ruptures. The purpose of the present study was to report the detection rate of the posterolateral tibial plateau impaction fractures in patients with ACL ruptures, and to evaluate the functional outcomes of patients following ACL reconstruction (ACLR) without treatment of the tibial fractures at a 2‐year postoperative follow‐up.

Methods

Four hundred eighty‐eight patients treated for ACL ruptures between January 2016 and June 2020 were retrospectively reviewed, and the posterolateral tibial plateau impaction fractures were classified based on MRI assessment. The detection rate of the posterolateral tibial plateau impaction fractures was calculated, and the functional outcomes (SF‐12 Mental Component Summaries, SF‐12 Physical Component Summaries, Tegner, Lysholm, IKDC, and KOOS) were evaluated at a 2‐year postoperative follow‐up.

Results

The detection rate of posterolateral tibial plateau impaction fractures was 41.6% among ACL ruptures. Of these, 285 cases (58.4%) had no fractures, 98 cases (20.1%) had type I impaction fractures, 41 cases (8.4%) had type IIA impaction fractures, 15 cases (3.1%) had type IIB impaction fractures, 22 cases (4.5%) had type IIIA impaction fractures, and 27 cases (5.5%) had type IIIB impaction fractures. Patients with type IIIA or IIIB impaction fractures showed an increased detection rate of contact mechanism compared to the other subgroups. Significant differences in Tegner (postoperation) and KOOS (QOL) were found between no fracture and type IIIB impaction fractures in patients following ACLR.

Conclusions

The detection rate of posterolateral tibial plateau impaction fractures in patients with ACL ruptures was high. Patients with type IIIB impaction fractures following ACLR had poor functional outcomes.
Development of Public Health Center‐Based Culturally Tailored Hypertension Self‐Care Intervention Among Adults in Rural Ghana
Authors: Konlan Kennedy Diema , Lee Hyeonkyeong , Jang Yeonsoo , Lee Seung Eun , Kim Soyoon
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Develop a primary health care‐based nurse‐led culturally tailored hypertension self‐care intervention for rural residents.

Design

The culturally tailored hypertension self‐care intervention was developed using a six‐step intervention mapping approach that involved: needs assessment using literature review and interviews; setting program goals using integrated thematic synthesis method; selecting intervention modules through the process dimension of the self‐care theory of chronic illness; producing program components and materials by developing intervention modules using the motivational interviewing and behavior change techniques; planning program adoption by encouraging sustainable behavior; and evaluation using the education content validity index in health and the intervention acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility scale.

Measurements

Education content validity index in health and the intervention acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility scale.

Intervention

The culturally tailored hypertension self‐care intervention modules included health literacy, adherence to therapy, continuous monitoring, reduction of the modifiable risk factors of hypertension; self‐care management strategies, and strategies for sustaining behavior.

Results

The culturally tailored hypertension self‐care intervention addresses community‐based facilitators and barriers to self‐care behavior and ultimately blood pressure control as described in the process dimension of the self‐care theory of chronic illness.

Conclusion

This culturally tailored hypertension self‐care intervention is to be implemented by nurses working in primary health care settings in Ghana where they have direct access to and daily interaction with patients with uncontrolled hypertension.
Phylogenomics reveals the timescale of diversification in Amblycera
Authors: Najer Tomáš , Doña Jorge , Buček Aleš , Sweet Andrew D. , Sychra Oldřich , Johnson Kevin P.
Published: January 2025

Recently, genomic approaches have helped to resolve phylogenetic questions in many groups of parasitic organisms, including lice (Phthiraptera). However, these approaches have still not been applied to one of the most diverse groups of lice, Amblycera. To fill this gap, we applied phylogenomic methods based on genome‐level exon sequence data to resolve the relationships within and among the families of Amblycera. Our phylogenomic trees support the monophyly of the families Ricinidae and Laemobothriidae. However, the families Trimenoponidae and Gyropidae are not monophyletic, indicating that they should be merged into a single family. The placement of Trinoton is unstable with respect to Boopiidae and Menoponidae, and we suggest recognizing Trinotonidae as a separate family. At the genus level, the genera Colpocephalum, Hohorstiella, Menacanthus and Ricinus were recovered as paraphyletic. Regarding generic complexes, the tree revealed the Menacanthus complex to be monophyletic, but the Colpocephalum complex paraphyletic, including genera not traditionally placed in this group. Dating analysis suggests that the divergence among families of Amblycera occurred shortly after the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary 66 Mya. Cophylogenetic analyses revealed many host‐switching events during the diversification of Amblycera, indicating that the evolutionary history of Amblycera does not tightly mirror that of its hosts. Ancestral host reconstructions revealed that the ancestral host of Amblycera was most likely a bird, with two host switching events to mammals. By combining phylogenomics, molecular dating and cophylogenetic analyses, we provide the first large‐scale picture of amblyceran evolution, which will serve as a basis for future studies of this group.
Carbapenemase‐Producing Enterobacterales: An Increasing Threat to Australian Liver Transplant Recipients
Authors: Kamaladasa Dinuli , Liu Ken , Dolan Leanne , Hal Sebastiaan J van , Lee Andie , Marinelli Tina
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Carbapenemase‐producing Enterobacterales (CPE) are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in liver transplant recipients (LTRs). There is a paucity of data regarding CPE colonization and infection in Australian LTRs.

Methods

A single‐center retrospective cohort study of CPE was performed in LTRs from 2015 to 2024. LTRs underwent targeted screening and a period of enhanced screening to evaluate the incidence of CPE colonization. CPE infections were identified via clinical samples. All CPE isolates underwent whole genome sequencing. CPE isolation rates in LTRs were compared to the general hospital population and trends over time were analyzed.

Results

There were 31 episodes of CPE isolation (5 community acquired, 26 healthcare associated) from 28 LTRs. Nine episodes of CPE infection were found: urinary tract (n = 3), bloodstream (n = 3), wound/abscess (n = 2), and Salmonella gastroenteritis (n = 1). The remaining 22 episodes represented new CPE colonization. CPE Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common bacterial species (n = 12) with the New Delhi metallo‐β‐lactamase (n = 13), the most common CPE gene detected. CPE isolation rates in LTRs increased over the study period (p = 0.06). The overall rate of CPE infection was significantly higher in LTRs than the general hospital population (1.92 vs. 0.30 per 10 000 occupied bed days, p = 0.04). Enhanced CPE screening identified an additional eight episodes of CPE colonization in 415 patients screened (1.9%).

Conclusion

CPE is an emerging threat for Australian LTRs and there is an urgent need to optimize strategies to prevent CPE colonization and infection in LTRs.

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