bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
National Innovation System and Economic Development in Nigeria
Authors: Leo Mr. Jonathan Gimmy
Published: August 2022

The paper analyzed the National Innovation System (NIS) and economic development in developing countries like Nigeria. The objectives of the paper were to examine the nature of innovation systems in Nigeria. It also investigates the effects of NIS on economic growth and development in Nigeria. The review of literature suggests that NIS is more than just technological innovations, it includes the interrelationships between firms, governmental institutions, NGOs, and international institutions who engage in one form of R&D activity or the other in a country. The paper employed both descriptive statistics and generalized linear models (GLM) to explain the NIS and economic development in Nigeria. The results from the descriptive analysis revealed that the nature of the Nigerian innovation system is weak and still evolving. It reveals that low performance and high variations in NIS indicators such as industrial design applications, patent right applications, trademark applications, methodology assessment of statistical capacity, high technology exports, ICT goods exports, ICT goods imports and ICT services exports, and agricultural raw materials exports and imports in Nigeria. The regression results also revealed that NIS (R&D expenditures) is a significant positive determinant of economic growth and development in Nigeria. The paper also showed that human capital, industrial production, stock market capitalization, trade openness, foreign direct investment, and exchange rate regimes are significant determinants of economic growth and development in the NIS in Nigeria. Projecting economic growth and development to higher levels and achieving the projections remains the main objective of government policies in Nigeria.
Effect of cocoyam and water yam flour blends on the chemical and mineral composition of dry soup mix
Authors: D.E. Udo , G.C. Omeire , B.C. Mmuosinam , S.O Obeleagu , V.S. Igwe , U.B. Okon
Published: August 2022

The effect of cocoyam and water yam flour blends on the chemical and mineral composition of dry soup mix was studied using a two-factor simple lattice design of response surface methodology (RSM). The cocoyam and water yam flour mix ratios are 100:0, 0:100, 50:50, 75:25, and 25:75. Moisture, protein, ash, crude fiber, fat, carbohydrate, amylose, amylopectin, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus were all taken into consideration during the optimization process. On crude fiber, fat content, carbohydrate, calcium, and phosphorus, the linear influence of cocoyam and water yam flour was significant (p<0.05). Moisture, protein, ash, crude fiber, fat, amylose, amylopectin, and magnesium all exhibited a significant (p<0.05) effect on the mix's binary regression coefficient. The binary effect of the blend, on the other hand, decreased the moisture content and crude fiber significantly (p<0.05). On two component mix plots, the blends' linear and binary impacts were graphically depicted. The resulting models were validated at a significance level of 0.05. Furthermore, a desirability of 0.493 was chosen for outcome optimization. The optimization criteria were met by the response variables. The optimal values were: 69.84 g cocoyam, 30.15 g water yam, 5.84% moisture, 11.04% protein, 3.69% ash, 2.18% crude fiber, 2.00% fat, 75.34% carbohydrate, 24.77% amylose, 84.24% amylopectin, 9.17% calcium, 4.71% magnesium, and 79.83% phosphorus. The optimized values were further analyzed to ascertain 95% confidence. According to the findings, cocoyam and water yam flour blends with appropriate chemical and mineral composition can be created and used successfully in the food processing industry
MODIFIKASI ALGORITMA KRIPTOGAFI CAESAR CIPHER MENJADI ALGORITMA KRIPTOGRAFI ASIMETRIS DENGAN METODE AGILE
Authors: Oper Nabila , Balafif Sabri , To’o Fathonah Al-Khaliq.Z
Published: August 2022

: Dalam mengirim pesan perlu diperhatikan mengenai keamanan isi pesan tersebut, maka dari itu, di butuhkan sebuah metode untuk mengamankan informasi dengan aman. Algoritma kriptografi merupakan sebuah metode yang bukan hanya melindungi tapi juga mengubah informasi yang ada sehingga meskipun informasi tersebut diketahui pihak yang tidak bertanggung jawab informasi ini belum tentu bisa dimengeri oleh pihak yang tidak bertanggung jawab tersebut. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode Agile yang bertujuan mempermudah pemahaman dalam penerapan algoritma kriptografi caesar cipher asimetris. Dalam Melakukan pengujian algoritma kriptografi asimetris, penelitian ini menggunakan bahasa pemrograman python untuk melakukan implementasian. Hasil akhir dari penelitian ini adalah kriptografi asimetris bisa melakukan enkripsi dan dekripsi sama dengan kriptografi caesar cipher simetris meskipun algoritmanya berubah yang awalnya simetris menjadi asimetris.
Comparative Study of Nationalism and National Identity Paradigms between India and Pakistan
Authors:   Asia Social Science Academy, He Hongmei , Zhou Shaoqing
Published: August 2022

Whether viewed from theoretical hypothesis or historical experience, nationalism and national identity are the two pillars during the process of nation-state building. After the “partition of India”, the nationalist forces of India and Pakistan have also grown stronger. At the same time, it has greatly influenced the national identity of the people of India and Pakistan and has had a profound impact on the process of nation-state building in India and Pakistan.
Behavior Logic of Burmese Army Taking over Power in 2021——Based on Cost-Benefit Analysis
Authors:   Asia Social Science Academy, Cui Lei , Wang Miao
Published: August 2022

Since Myanmar started the process of transforming its political system, the country has progressively developed a political structure of dual power centers (Diarchy), with the NLD and the military taking turns holding the reins of power. Both sides are engaged in what might be described as a a military-political game, and fight without breaking. However, on February 1, 2021, when the new federal parliament of Myanmar conducted its first meeting, the Myanmar military decided to take over the rule, and the country entered a one-year state of emergency, known as the "February 1" Incident. As a result of this action by Myanmar’s military, a political environment that was stable has been disrupted. The causes are discussed in academic circles. There are objective reasons that the development and changes of political environment at home and abroad have greatly reduced the political space of the Burmese army, and there are subjective reasons that Min Onlai’s personal political ambition or his fear of war crimes trial after retirement should not be underestimated. This instance of political power seizure has been researched by scholars. there is no dearth of explanatory power, yet there are still some flaws. Therefore, this paper based on a cost-benefit analysis conducted from the viewpoint of the Burmese military, that the cost of taking over the regime is less than its benefit. Therefore, when the net income is positive, there is a high probability of taking over the regime.
A Model for Effective Management of Students Records in the Academic Registrars’ Offices in Kenyan Universities
Authors: Metto Elizabeth , Kinuthia Benson N. , Mwita Miriam
Published: August 2022

The delivery of records management services in businesses is significantly influenced by records management models. However, many colleges don't take into account the implementation models while designing records management programs. In order to provide a model that universities can utilize to execute records management, this study examined the records management methods used by the universities in Kenya. Data was gathered via a questionnaire.  The findings shows that the best model that can be proposed to ensure effective management of student records in the academic registrar’s office in Kenyan universities should  take cognizance of the differences between public and private universities. In private and new universities, there is no need for standardization of storing records and creation and classification of records. Conversely, there was no need for creation and classification of records, storing records, use of information technology and challenges faced in the management of student records in old and new universities. The challenges faced in the management of student records and retrieval and communication of records should be harmonized between both private and public universities as well old and new universities. Exchange of best practices in these areas should also be undertaken in these areas. Once these areas are addressed, the effective management of students’ records in the universities would be realized.
Measurement report: Intensive biomass burning emissions and rapid nitrate formation drive severe haze formation in Sichuan basin, China: insights from aerosol mass spectrometry
Authors: Bao Zhier , Zhang Xinyi , Li Qing , Zhou Jiawei , Shi Guangming , Zhou Li , Yang Fumo , Xie Shaodong , Zhang Dan , Zhai Chongzhi , Li Zhenliang , Peng Chao , Chen Yang
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Haze pollution is a severe environmental problem, caused by elevation of fine particles (aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm, PM2.5), which is related to secondary aerosol formation, unfavourable synoptic conditions, regional transport, etc. The regional haze formation in basin areas, along with intensive emission of precursors, high relative humidity and poor dispersion conditions, is still limitedly understood.In this study, a field campaign was conducted to investigate the factors resulting in haze formation in Sichuan Basin (SCB) during winter in 2021. The fine aerosol chemical composition was characterised by using a time-of-flight aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ToF-ACSM) with the aim of inorganic and organic aerosol characterisation and source apportionment. The average concentration of non-refractory fine particles (NR-PM2.5) was 98.5 ± 38.7 μg/m3, and organics aerosols (OA), nitrate, sulphate, ammonium, and chloride occupied 40.3, 28.8, 10.6, 15.3 and 5.1 % of PM2.5. Three factors, including a hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), a biomass burning OA (BBOA), and an oxygenated OA (OOA), were identified by applying the positive matrix factorisation (PMF) analysis, and they constituted 24.2, 24.2 and 51.6 % of OA on average, respectively. Nitrate formation was promoted by gas-phase and aqueous-phase oxidation, while sulphate was mainly formed through aqueous-phase. OOA showed strong dependence on Ox, demonstrating the contribution of photooxidation to OOA formation. OOA concentration increased as aerosol liquid water content (ALWC) increased within 200 μg/m3 and kept relatively constant when ALWC > 200 μg/m3, suggesting the insignificant effect of aqueous-phase reactions on OOA formation. Among the three haze episodes identified during the whole campaign, the driving factors were different: the first haze episode (H1) was driven by nitrate formation through photochemical and aqueous-phase reactions, and the second haze episode (H2) was mainly driven by the intense emission of primary organic aerosols from biomass burning and vehicle exhaust, while the third haze episode (H3) was mainly driven by reactions involving nitrate formation and biomass burning emission. HOA and BBOA were scavenged, while OOA, nitrate, and sulphate formation were enhanced by aqueous-phase reactions during fog periods, which resulted in the increase of O:C from pre-fog to post-fog periods. This study revealed the factors driving severe haze formation in SCB, and implied the benefit of controlling nitrate as well as intense biomass burning and vehicle exhaust emission to the mitigation of heavy aerosol pollution in this region.
Survival probabilities of atmospheric particles: comparison based on theory, cluster population simulations, and observations in Beijing
Authors: Tuovinen Santeri , Cai Runlong , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Kulmala Markku , Jiang Jingkun , Yan Chao , Kontkanen Jenni
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) events are regularly observed in urban Beijing, despite high concentrations of background particles which, based on theory, should inhibit NPF due to high values of coagulation sink (CoagS). The survival probability, which depends on both CoagS and particle growth rate (GR) is a key parameter in determining occurrence of NPF events, as it describes the fraction of newly formed particles that survive from a smaller diameter to a larger diameter. In this study, we investigate and compare survival probabilities from 1.5 to 3 nm (J3/J1.5), from 3 to 6 nm (J6/J3) and from 6 to 10 nm (J10/J6) based on analytical formulae, cluster population simulations, and atmospheric observations from Beijing. We find that survival probabilities based on the cluster population simulations and one of the analytical formulae are in a good agreement. However, at low ratios between the background condensation sink (CS) and GR, and at high concentrations of sub-3 nm clusters, cluster-cluster collisions efficiently lower survival probabilities in the cluster population simulations. Due to the large concentrations of clusters and small particles required to considerably affect the survival probabilities, we consider it unlikely that cluster-cluster collisions significantly affect atmospheric survival probabilities. The values of J10/J6 observed in Beijing show high variability, most likely due to influences of primary particle emissions, but are on average in a relatively good agreement with the values based on the simulations and the analytical formula. The observed values of J6/J3 are mostly lower than those predicted based on the simulations and the analytical formula, which could be explained by uncertainties in CS and GR. The observed values of J3/J1.5 at high CS/GR are much higher than predicted based on the simulations and the analytical formula. We argue that uncertainties in GR or CS are unlikely to solely explain the observed values of J3/J1.5 under high CS conditions. Thus, further work is needed to better understand the factors influencing survival probabilities of sub-3 nm atmospheric particles in polluted environments.
Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol models response to different amount and altitude of SO2 injections during the 1991 Pinatubo eruption
Authors: Quaglia Ilaria , Timmreck Claudia , Niemeier Ulrike , Visioni Daniele , Pitari Giovanni , Brühl Christoph , Dhomse Sandip , Franke Henning , Laakso Anton , Mann Graham , Rozanov Eugene , Sukhodolov Timofei
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Recent model inter-comparison studies highlighted model discrepancies in reproducing the climatic impacts of large explosive volcanic eruptions, calling into question the reliability of global aerosol model simulations for future scenarios. Here, we analyse the simulated evolution of the stratospheric aerosol plume following the well observed June 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption by six interactive stratospheric aerosol microphysics models in comparison to a range of observational data sets. Our primary focus is on the uncertainties regarding initial SO2 emission following the Pinatubo eruption in 1991, as prescribed in the Historical Eruptions SO2 Emission Assessment experiments (HErSEA), in the framework of the model intercomparison project ISA-MIP. Six global models with interactive aerosol microphysics took part in this study: ECHAM6-SALSA, EMAC, ECHAM5-HAM, SOCOL-AERv2, ULAQ-CCM and UM-UKCA. Model simulations are performed by varying SO2 injection amount (ranging between 5 and 10 Tg-S), and the altitude of injection (between 18–25 km). We find that the common and main weakness among all the models is that they can not reproduce the persistence of the sulfate aerosols in the stratosphere. Most models show a stronger transport towards the extratropics in the northern hemisphere, at the expense of the observed tropical confinement, suggesting a much weaker subtropical barrier in all the models, that results in a shorter e-folding time compared to the observations. Moreover, the simulations in which more than 5 Tg-S of SO2 are injected show a large surface area density a few months after the eruption compared to the values measured in the tropics and the in-situ measurements over Laramie. This results in an overestimation of the number of particles globally during the build-up phase, and an underestimation in the Southern Hemisphere, which draws attention to the importance of including processes as the ash injection and the eruption of Cerro Hudson.
Contrasting strategies of nutrient demand and use between savanna and forest ecosystems in a neotropical transition zone
Authors: Scalon Marina Corrêa , Oliveras Menor Imma , Freitag Renata , Peixoto Karine S. , Rifai Sami W. , Marimon Beatriz Schwantes , Marimon Junior Ben Hur , Malhi Yadvinder
Published: August 2022

Abstract. The total demand for and uptake of nutrients by vegetation is rarely quantified or compared across vegetation types. Here, we describe different
nutrient use and allocation strategies in neotropical savanna (cerrado) and transitional forest (cerradão) tree communities composed of
different species, report leaf nutrient resorption and calculate ecosystem-level nutrient use efficiency. We couple net primary productivity (NPP)
estimates with nutrient stoichiometry to quantify nutrient demand and nutrient flows at the whole-stand scale for different components of vegetation
biomass. Species from the two vegetation communities showed similar mean nutrient concentrations and nutrient resorption efficiency, except for wood
P concentration that was fourfold higher in cerrado than cerradão species. The cerradão showed higher canopy NPP, while fine roots and
wood NPP were similar for the two vegetation types. Nutrient requirement in the two vegetation types was dominated by the demands of the canopy,
with canopy resorption generally contributing more than 50 % of the total canopy demand for nutrients, while less than 35 % of N,
P, K, Ca and Mg were allocated to wood or fine roots. Proportionally, cerrado showed higher nutrient demand from
fine roots (over 35 % of the total nutrient demand) and for the wood component (over 13 % of the total nutrient demand), while
∼ 60 %–70 % of the cerradão nutrient demand was allocated to the canopy. The proportional difference in nutrient allocation to the
different biomass components suggests cerrado species allocate less nutrients to a given fine root biomass, but more nutrients to a given wood
biomass. Our findings suggest that cerradão species are more limited in P and K than cerrado species, inducing higher resorption
to compensate for low uptake. Moreover, we found that N uptake for cerradão was higher with lower N use efficiency, i.e. the
amount of production per nutrient unit, leading higher N demand compared to the cerrado. This difference in nutrient dynamics explains how
similar soils and the same climate dominated by savanna vegetation can also support forest-like formations. Tree species composition is likely the
major factor regulating nutrient use, limiting vegetation transitions and influencing nutrient demand at landscape scales.
Measurements of natural airflow within a Stevenson screen and its influence on air temperature and humidity records
Authors: Burt Stephen
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Climate science depends upon accurate measurements of air temperature and
humidity, the majority of which are still derived from sensors exposed
within passively ventilated louvred Stevenson-type thermometer screens. It
is well-documented that, under certain circumstances, air temperatures
measured within such screens can differ significantly from “true” air
temperatures measured by other methods, such as aspirated sensors.
Passively ventilated screens depend upon wind motion to provide ventilation
within the screen and thus airflow over the sensors contained therein.
Consequently, instances of anomalous temperatures occur most often during
light winds when airflow through the screen is weakest, particularly when in
combination with strong or low-angle incident solar radiation. Adequate
ventilation is essential for reliable and consistent measurements of both
air temperature and humidity, yet very few systematic comparisons to
quantify relationships between external wind speed and airflow within a
thermometer screen have been made. This paper addresses that gap by
summarizing the results of a 3-month field experiment in which airflow
within a UK-standard Stevenson screen was measured using a sensitive sonic
anemometer and comparisons made with simultaneous wind speed and direction
records from the same site. The mean in-screen ventilation rate was found to
be 0.2 m s−1 (median 0.18 m s−1), well below the 1 m s−1
minimum assumed in meteorological and design standard references, and only
about 7 % of the scalar mean wind speed at 10 m. The implications of low
in-screen ventilation on the uncertainty of air temperature and humidity
measurements from Stevenson-type thermometer screens are discussed,
particularly those due to the differing response times of dry- and wet-bulb
temperature sensors and ambiguity in the value of the psychrometric
coefficient.
Precipitation fate and transport in a Mediterranean catchment through models calibrated on plant and stream water isotope data
Authors: Sprenger Matthias , Llorens Pilar , Gallart Francesc , Benettin Paolo , Allen Scott T. , Latron Jérôme
Published: August 2022

Abstract. To predict hydrologic responses to inputs and perturbations, it is important to understand how precipitation is stored in catchments, released back to the atmosphere via evapotranspiration (ET), or transported to aquifers and streams. We investigated this partitioning of precipitation using stable isotopes of water (18O) at the Can Vila catchment in the Spanish Pyrenees mountains. The isotope data covered four years of measurements, comprising >550 rainfall and >980 stream water
samples, capturing intra-event variations. They were complemented by
fortnightly plant water isotope data sampled over eight months. The isotope
data were used to quantify how long it takes for water to become
evapotranspiration or to be discharged as streamflow using StorAge
Selection (SAS) functions. We calibrated the SAS functions using a
conventional approach fitting the model solely to stream water isotope
data and a multi-objective calibration approach in which the model
was simultaneously fitted to tree xylem water isotope data. Our results showed that the conventional model-fitting approach was not able to constrain the model parameters that represented the age of water
supplying ET. Consequently, the ET isotope ratios simulated by the
conventionally calibrated model failed to adequately simulate the observed
xylem isotope ratios. However, the SAS model was capable of adequately
simulating both observed stream water and xylem water isotope ratios, if
those xylem water isotope observations were used in calibration (i.e., the
multi-objective approach). The multi-objective calibration approach led to a more constrained parameter space facilitating parameter value
identification. The model was tested on a segment of data reserved for
validation showing a Kling–Gupta Efficiency of 0.72 compared to the 0.83
observed during in the calibration period. The water-age dynamics inferred from the model calibrated using the
conventional approach differed substantially from those inferred from the
multi-objective calibration model. The latter suggested that the median ages of water supplying evapotranspiration is much older (150–300 d) than what was suggested by the former (50–200 d). Regardless, the modeling results support recent findings in ecohydrological field studies that highlighted both subsurface heterogeneity of water storage and fluxes and the use of relatively old water by trees. We contextualized the SAS-derived water ages by also using young-water-fraction and endmember-splitting approaches, which respectively also showed the contribution of young water to streamflow was variable but sensitive to runoff rates and that ET was largely sourced by winter precipitation that must have resided in the subsurface across seasons.
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC PROCESSING AND FRUITION OF PRODUCTS IN OPEN-SOURCE ENVIRONMENT APPLIED TO THE CASE STUDY OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARK OF POMPEII
Authors: Ferrando I. , Berrino E. , Federici B. , Gagliolo S. , Sguerso D.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. The paper presents the geomatic survey campaign carried out in the Domus V of Pompeii Archaeological site, the photogrammetric processing of the collected images and the following fruition of the deriving products deploying open-source software. Among all the produced results, the orthophotos of the vertical walls of one of the Domus V rooms are made available through a “master/slave” GIS environment, where each orthophoto is uploaded in a “slave” project whose visualization is triggered by querying the corresponding geometry representing the wall in the “master” project. This strategy allows to include the display of the third dimension, i.e., the altimetric one, within a traditional GIS environment, so to constitute a 3D GIS representation. This is particularly useful to realize a catalogue of all the archaeological site in the future to be viewed, queried and exploited also by non-specialists in geomatics or archaeology fields of knowledge.
RINX: A SOLUTION FOR INFORMATION EXTRACTION FROM BIG RASTER DATASETS
Authors: Kakkar D. , Blossom J. , Guan W.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Processing Earth observation data modelled in a time-series of raster format is critical to solving some of the most complex problems in geospatial science ranging from climate change to public health. Researchers are increasingly working with these large raster datasets that are often terabytes in size. At this scale, traditional GIS methods may fail to handle the processing, and new approaches are needed to analyse these datasets. The objective of this work is to develop methods to interactively analyse big raster datasets with the goal of most efficiently extracting vector data over specific time periods from any set of raster data. In this paper, we describe RINX (Raster INformation eXtraction) which is an end-to-end solution for automatic extraction of information from large raster datasets. RINX heavily utilises open source geospatial techniques for information extraction. It also complements traditional approaches with state-of-the- art high-performance computing techniques. This paper discusses details of achieving big temporal data extraction with RINX, implemented on the use case of air quality and climate data extraction for long term health studies, which includes methods used, code developed, processing time statistics, project conclusions, and next steps.
Multi-annual temperature evolution and implications for cave ice development in a sag-type ice cave in the Austrian Alps
Authors: Wind Maria , Obleitner Friedrich , Racine Tanguy , Spötl Christoph
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Ice caves are, similar to mountain glaciers, threatened by the warming climate. To better understand the response of perennial ice in caves to a changing climate, we analysed the thermal characteristics of a sag-type ice cave in the Austrian Alps (Hundsalm ice cave), based on long-term temperature measurements for the period 2008–2021. Observations show a warming trend in all parts of the cave as well as a distinct seasonal pattern with two main regimes, i.e. an open (winter) and a closed (summer) period. During the closed period, a persistent stable stratification prevails that largely decouples the cave from the external atmosphere. The open period is characterised by unstable to neutral stratification, which is an effect of convection during episodes when cold air can penetrate into the cave. Criteria to detect corresponding periods are investigated. Vertical temperature profiles also provide hints on corresponding circulation patterns and the spatial temperature variability in the cave. The positive air temperature trend is reflected in a decrease in perennial cave ice, derived from stake measurements. Besides surface melting, we find compelling evidence of basal melting of ice. The observed ablation rates can be well reproduced by applying a modified degree-day model, which, however, is less feasible regarding mass balance. Overall, we conclude that Hundsalm ice cave is highly impacted by regional warming, which will lead to the disappearance of its perennial ice deposits within the next decades.
Thickness of multi-year sea ice on the northern Canadian polar shelf: a second look after 40 years
Authors: Melling Humfrey
Published: August 2022

Abstract. This paper presents a systematic record of multi-year
sea-ice thickness on the northern Canadian polar shelf, measured during the
autumn and early winter of 2009–2010. The data were acquired by submerged
sonar moored in the Penny Strait where they measured floes drifting south from
the notional “last ice area” until 10 December, when the ice stopped
moving for the remainder of the winter. Old ice comprised about half of the
1669 km long survey. The average thickness of old ice within 25 km segments
of the survey track was 3–4 m; maximum keels were 12–16 m deep. Floes with
high average draft were of two types, one with interspersed low draft
intervals and one without. The presence or absence of thin patches
apparently distinguished large floes formed via the aggregation of smaller
floes of various ages and deformation states from those of a more homogeneous
age and deformation state. The former were larger and of somewhat lower mean
thickness (1–5 km; 3.5–4.5 m) than the latter (400–600 m; 6.5–14 m). A
calculated accretion of new ice onto the multi-year floes measured in the
autumn of 2009 was used to seasonally adjust the observations to thicknesses
expected by late winter, when comparative data were acquired in the 1970s.
The adjusted mean thickness for all 25 km segments with 4/10 or more old
ice was 3.8 m (sample deviation of 0.5 m), a value indistinguishable within
sampling error from values measured in the up-drift area during the 1970s.
The recently measured ice-draft distributions were also very similar to
those from the 1970s. These results suggest that the dynamical processes
that create very thick multi-year ice via ridging close to the study area
have been less influenced by climate change than the thermodynamic processes
behind the formation and decay of thinner level floes. The hazards posed by
such ice therefore persist regionally, although the risk has decreased with
the decrease in old-ice concentration during recent decades.
Stratospheric modulation of Arctic Oscillation extremes as represented by extended-range ensemble forecasts
Authors: Spaeth Jonas , Birner Thomas
Published: August 2022

Abstract. The Arctic Oscillation (AO) describes a seesaw pattern of variations in atmospheric mass over the polar cap. It is by now well established that the
AO pattern is in part determined by the state of the stratosphere. In particular, sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are known to nudge the
tropospheric circulation toward a more negative phase of the AO, which is associated with a more equatorward-shifted jet and enhanced likelihood for
blocking and cold air outbreaks in mid-latitudes. SSWs are also thought to contribute to the occurrence of extreme AO events. However, statistically
robust results about such extremes are difficult to obtain from observations or meteorological (re-)analyses due to the limited sample size of SSW
events in the observational record (roughly six SSWs per decade). Here we exploit a large set of extended-range ensemble forecasts within the
subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) framework to obtain an improved characterization of the modulation of AO extremes due to stratosphere–troposphere
coupling. Specifically, we greatly boost the sample size of stratospheric events by using potential SSWs (p-SSWs), i.e., SSWs that are predicted to
occur in individual forecast ensemble members regardless of whether they actually occurred in the real atmosphere. For example, the S2S ensemble of
the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts gives us a total of 6101 p-SSW events for the period 1997–2021. A standard lag-composite analysis around these p-SSWs validates our approach; i.e., the associated composite evolution of stratosphere–troposphere
coupling matches the known evolution based on reanalysis data around real SSW events. Our statistical analyses further reveal that following p-SSWs,
relative to climatology, (1) persistently negative AO states (>1 week duration) are 16 % more likely; (2) the likelihood for extremely
negative AO states (<-3σ) is enhanced by about 40 %–80 %, while that for extremely positive AO states (>+3σ) is
reduced to almost zero; (3) approximately 50 % of extremely negative AO states that follow SSWs may be attributable to the SSW, whereas about
one-quarter of all extremely negative AO states during winter may be attributable to SSWs. A corresponding analysis relative to strong
stratospheric vortex events reveals similar insights into the stratospheric modulation of positive AO extremes. However, conclusions in terms of causality remain difficult, in part due to unconsidered confounding factors.
Probing the lower continental crust with the petrology and geochemistry of Queensland xenoliths
Authors:   , Emo Robert B.
Published: August 2022

This thesis investigated the poorly constrained composition and evolution of the lower continental crust in Queensland through geochemistry, geochronology, and petrological modelling. The analysis of deep crustal rocks brought to the surface by explosive volcanism shows that the lower crust in Queensland is nearly devoid of many geologically significant trace elements. The modelling demonstrates that this lower crust formed through solid-melt interactions at the base of the crust. The combined data show that this depleted, hybridised crust could be more common than previously recognised and that hybridisation is likely a major driver of continent formation.
Understanding mechanisms of change of Intensive Short Term Dynamic Psychotherapy
Authors:   , Hoviatdoost Pejman
Published: August 2022

This program of research is the first to systematically evaluate a key process in Intensive Short Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP). The study developed a new methodology for identifying unlocking and the findings suggest that "unlocking" and "defense restructuring" may represent mechanisms of change in ISTDP case studies. A series of case studies revealed the nuances of "unlocking" and "defense restructuring" in a clinical setting. The findings of this research increase the overall understanding of mechanisms of change in ISTDP, contributing to the current body of scientific research in the area of psychotherapy process and outcome research.
"I'm a person of value": People with intellectual disability negotiating paid support relationships
Authors:   , Nicoll Madonna A.
Published: August 2022

Changing philosophies affect change in how people with disability are supported. In Australia, paid workers provide most formal services in people’s homes. However, the experience of support from the perspective of those accessing services is concealed. This qualitative research analysed accounts of people with intellectual disability to reveal their experiences of support. Contrasting dominant social narratives of dependence, ‘being a person of value’ was a central theme in the perception and presentation of self in support relationships. These findings call for support agencies to offer greater respect, person-centredness, choice and control to people with intellectual disability.
Computational exploration of low-dimensional materials with novel electronic and ferroic/multiferroic properties
Authors:   , Zhang Lei
Published: August 2022

Low-dimensional materials with novel electronic and ferroic properties play a crucial role in the development of next-generation nanoscale functional devices and have drawn extensive research attentions. By using state-of-art first-principles calculations, Monte Carlo simulations, and structural revolution algorithms, four new low-dimensional materials were predicted showing promising applications in electronics or spintronics and two strategies were proposed to introduce ferroelectricity and realize strong electromagnetic coupling in experimentally fabricated low-dimensional materials, which may accelerate the discovery and design of novel functional low-dimensional materials.
Exploring the use of complementary and alternative medicine in Australian adult patients undergoing anti-cancer treatment
Authors:   , Jones Ellen Hung
Published: August 2022

This project was a step forward in gaining insights into the factors that may influence cancer patients’ decisions about complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use while undergoing anti-cancer treatment. The thesis demonstrated pharmacists are in an advantageous position to provide evidence-based clinical pharmacy services relating to medication safety and judicious use of CAM to patients throughout their cancer journey.
Polluted identity and obstructed escape: A critical analysis of the therapeutic alliance in a spinal cord injury rehabilitation unit
Authors:   , Lovric Aadarshna E.
Published: August 2022

The qualitative research presented in this thesis explored what factors influence and shape therapeutic alliances (TAs) in an Australian spinal cord rehabilitation unit (SIU) through two studies. The first study involved in-depth interviews with people with spinal cord injury (SCI) who were inpatients of a SIU. The second study involved semi-structured interviews with practitioners in the same SIU. Results suggest that the inpatient world is a liminal one and that TAs with practitioners are central to emerge from liminality. Institutional power caused disruption resulting in institutionalised liminality. A model of the TA is presented and recommended for SCI rehabilitation programs.
Using room-temperature liquid metals as a new reaction environment
Authors:   , Crawford Jessica F.
Published: August 2022

When conducting a chemistry experiment, reactions are often completed in a liquid solvent. This thesis investigates the outcome of using liquid metals as a new reaction environment. Galinstan is an alloy comprised of 68.5% gallium, 21.5% indium and 10% tin that can remain a liquid at room temperature and is extremely useful due to its flexibility and conductivity. This thesis shows that liquid metals can be used to synthesise new 2D materials that catalyse oxygen production during water splitting, form new materials that can catalyse ammonia production from abundant nitrate sources and facilitate the degradation of organic dye pollutants.
First principles investigations on transition metal based electrocatalysts for efficient clean energy conversion
Authors:   , Kour Gurpreet
Published: August 2022

This dissertation relates to the application of density functional theory to the design of novel nanoelectrocatalysts for various electrochemical reduction reactions such as carbon dioxide reduction reactions, carbon monoxide reduction reactions and nitrogen reduction reactions. Many electrocatalysts with high activity, excellent selectivity and stability were designed and engineered using first principle calculations. These findings could potentially guide the experimentalists for creating clean and sustainable energy resources.
The impact of the road environment and mobile phone distraction on driving behaviour
Authors:   , Onate Vega Lady Diana
Published: August 2022

The thesis investigated the impact on driver behaviour of task complexity: driving demands (the constantly changing road and traffic environment) and secondary task demands (mobile phone use). Driver performance in a simulator was measured under presence and absence of pedestrians and oncoming traffic, different types of mobile phone distraction (cognitive and visual-manual) and when driving through different road geometries. The effect of road geometry on driver behaviour was greater than the effect of mobile phone distraction. Regulations and legislation on mobile phones should focus on visual-manual phone tasks, while enforcement and warning signs should target downhill and uphill curve sections.
How interjections increase customer satisfaction, purchase intent and loyalty
Authors:   , Sheehan Benjamin
Published: August 2022

This research suggests that interjections e.g., “wow”, “aww”, and “hmm”, shape consumer attitudes and behaviours. Seven experiments demonstrate that consumers are more satisfied, willing to purchase, and loyal when service agents (human or chatbot) use interjections. Consumers respond positively to interjections because they feel listened to, feel the agent is in a positive mood, and feel the agent is human. The effect holds across a range of contexts and stages of the purchasing process. The findings shed light on a range of psychological processes while providing a straightforward means of enhancing satisfaction, purchase intent, and loyalty.
Nanomaterial synthesis and surface treatment by atmospheric pressure cold plasmas
Authors:   , Adikaram Mudiyanselage Janith S.
Published: August 2022

The main goal of this study was to demonstrate the potential of atmospheric pressure cold plasmas to synthesize nanoparticles and surface treatments. Silver nanoparticles and carbon quantum dots were selected for this work. The use of silver nanoparticles in bactericidal applications has been tested. In addition, carbon quantum dots are used to manufacture a low-cost metal ion sensor for the detection of copper in drinking water. The second part of the study investigated the chemical reactions that occur in plasma treated mesoporous tin oxide films. These are used to increase the efficiency of dye sensitized solar cells.
Autologous skin cell suspensions & partial thickness paediatric burns
Authors:   , Bairagi Anjana
Published: August 2022

This program of doctoral research is an evaluation of partial thickness paediatric burn injuries managed with autologous skin cell suspensions. The status of paediatric burns treated with autologous skin cell suspensions, re-epithelialisation of acute medium to large size burns and re-pigmentation of split-thickness skin graft donor sites in children is explored. Additionally, non-excisional debridement under general anaesthesia and stereophotogrammetry of burns in children as well as, donor site colorimetry is also investigated. In so doing, preliminary evidence is established for the improvement of outcomes in children with acute, medium to large sized thermal injuries.
Iban Ajat: Digitisation framework for the conservation of a Sarawak traditional dance
Authors:   , Jong Sze Joon
Published: August 2022

Sarawak Iban's cultural heritage is endangered. Therefore the conservation of its traditional dances is imperative. This study aims to demonstrate how a hybridised research strategy is essential for the conducting of culturally sensitive preservation. My research centres on applications of Motion Capture technology, for the leveraging of observations of the Ajat Dance – through a focus on elemental gyrational manoeuvres. My study does not claim to be a 'panacea'. Rather it showcases the importance of acquiring and incorporating digital oeuvres into one's documentary practices. Through its proof-of-concept involving a 3D simulation, I offer a digitisation framework for delivering decolonised cultural preservation.
A study of emotions and social bonds during transformative pedagogy in a Bhutanese 10th-grade physics class
Authors:   , Choegyal Sonam
Published: August 2022

This study explored students’ emotional engagement (i.e., emotions and social bonds) in a Bhutanese 10th-grade physics class during classroom instruction that includes transformative pedagogy. Data for this study were generated through diaries, video recordings, and interviews. A combination of ethnomethodology and interpretive techniques were employed to analyze the data. The findings of this study revealed that cooperation and mindful interactions during transformative pedagogy elicited pleasant experiences in the teacher and students. This study has generated a conceptual framework for interpreting emotions and social bonds from Bhutanese perspectives. The implications of this research are relevant to methodology and teaching practice.
Effects of ageing and resistance training on intrinsic motor neurone excitability
Authors:   , Bet Da Rosa Orssatto Lucas
Published: August 2022

This thesis examined the age-related impairments in the function of motor neurones, the connection between our spinal cord and the muscles, and the use of exercise as a therapy to counteract this dysfunction. Older adults have reduced function of the motor neurones, which could contribute to muscle weakness and physical function impairments observed in this population. Exercise can be used as medicine to restore motor neurone function, contributing to improvements in muscular strength and general physical function in older adults.
High performance hybrid structural column with rubberised concrete under axial compressive loading
Authors:   , Khusru Shovona
Published: August 2022

Every year millions of tyres are disposed of worldwide in landfill resulting in the rise of an environmental burden. This thesis demonstrates the development of a sustainable novel hybrid double skin tubular column utilizing the scrap tyre rubbers. The proposed column made with rubberised concrete infill, filament wound FRP outer tube and steel inner tube, has been studied extensively through experimental testing, finite element modelling and parametric studies, to understand the structural performance under axial loading. This column, compared to the traditional column will be sustainable and beneficial at the locations demanding improved ductility, energy absorption and corrosion resistance.
School-community partnerships: Bhutanese principals' impact on community involvement in schools
Authors:   , Tashi Sonam
Published: August 2022

This study investigated the effect of School-Community Partnerships model for school improvement in Bhutan, and the challenges faced by both schools and communities in relation to the implementation of the policies and programs on democratic governance. Using qualitative methodology the study collected data from school and community leaders to understand how SCP may support the transition to new democratic leadership. The findings indicate a complex mix of variables such as, complementarity of national and school level leadership, cultural sensitivity and, empowerment and accountability which have capacity to strengthen SCP and thus require significant capacity development by the government.
EFFECTIVENESS OF THYMOKINO IN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW IN RAT MODELS
Authors:   b Yozgat Bozok Üniversity, Faculty of Health Sciences, Yozgat/ Turkey,, AKARSU Rukiye HÖBEK
Published: August 2022

This study is a systematic review and was prepared according to the PRISMA checklist and Cochrane guide. Science Direct, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Springer Link, Networked Digital Library of Theses & Dissertations, Ovid, CINAHL, Pubmed, Cochrane Library, using the Proquest database “Alzheimer Disease”, “Alzheimer”, “A.D”., “Thymoquinone” , “TQ”, “Nigella Sativa”, “NS” etc. Search was made using keywords. The abstracts of 251 theses, which were scanned between March and April 2022 and constitute the universe, were systematically examined and 18 articles suitable for the purpose of the research formed the sample of the research.