bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Invasive fungal infections in children with rheumatic diseases
Authors: Kozlova O. P. , Kostik M. M. , Kuznetsova M. D. , Dubko M. F. , Snegireva L. S. , Shavkin A. L. , Ligostaeva E. A. , Kopchak O. L. , Ignatieva S. M. , Bogomolova T. S. , Klimko N. N.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. In children with rheumatic diseases, severe fungal infections (invasive mycoses – IM) are not well understood.

Objectives. To analyze risk factors, disease course of IM in children with systemic rheumatic diseases.

Materials and methods. For diagnosis of IM were used criteria EORTC/MSGERC, 2019. We reviewed the literature over the past 15 years on IM in children with rheumatic diseases from the international databases Pubmed and Web of Science.

Results. In retrospective multicenter study were included 8 children with IM and systemic rheumatic diseases: ANCA-associated vasculitis (n=4), systemic lupus erythematosus (n=3), juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (n=1). Median age was 13,5 (8-17) y., boys – 67%. Invasive aspergillosis was diagnosed in 5 patients and invasive candidiasis – 3. The risk factors of invasive mycoses were high rheumatic disease activity (100%), corticosteroids (prednisolone ≥ 0,3 mg/kg/d) use for ≥21 d (87,5%), immunosuppressive therapy (87,5%), recent (≤ 2 weeks) pulse steroid therapy (75%), hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (62,5%), prolonged (≥ 10 days) severe neutropenia (≤ 0,5х109/l) (62,5%), and prolonged (≥10 days lymphopenia (≤ 1,0х109/l) (37,5%). In patients with invasive aspergillosis the involved organ was the lung, in patients with invasive candidiasis a candidemia was diagnoses. All patients received antifungal therapy. The overall 30 days survival rate was 37,5%.

Сonclusions. Children with high rheumatic diseases activity and intensive treatment with immunosuppressive agents should be considered as patients with a high risk of invasive mycoses with a high mortality.
Herd immunity of sars-cov-2 among the population of Kalinigrad region amid the COVID-19 epidemic
Authors: Popova A. Yu. , Ezhlova E. B. , Melnikova A. A. , Babura E. A. , Mikheenko O. P. , Lyalina L. V. , Smirnov V. S. , Molchanova J. R. , Gorbatova Ya. V. , Kharitonova M. N. , Zubova A. N. , Pogrebnaya T. N. , Danilova V. I. , Kukharchuk S. V. , Dudinskaya E. V. , Arbuzova T. V. , Lomonosova V. I. , Totolian A. A.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic was announced by WHO in February 2020. In the Kaliningrad region, the first case (imported) was registered in early March 2020, the beginning of the epidemic increase fell on the 14th week. 2020, and the peak incidence was reached in the 22nd week of the year, after which there was a steady decrease in the number of cases. The study of population immunity was carried out at the 32nd week during the period of the lowest level of intensity of the epidemic process.

Purpose of the study. Assessment of the assessment of the level of population immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus among the population of the Kaliningrad region during the period of the epidemic incidence of the population of COVID-19.

Materials and methods. The study was carried out as part of the first stage of the Rospotrebnadzor program to assess population immunity to SARS-CoV-2 among the population of the Russian Federation. The selection of volunteers for the study was carried out by a questionnaire survey and subsequent randomization. The analysis includes the results of a survey of 2675 people. The number of volunteers in age groups ranged from 314 to 493 people. The results obtained were processed by the methods of variation statistics.

Results. The results obtained showed that the average seroprevalence in the population was 50.2%, while the highest seroprevalence was found in the child age group 1-17 years (66.9%) and among persons aged 18-29 (57.0). No significant gender differences were found (men – 48,3 ± 1,6%, women – 51,1 ± 1,1%). The distribution of the proportion of seropositive people in the settlements of the region varied from 33,9% to 59.6%. The largest share of seroprevalence in the representative samples was found among people engaged in art / creativity (55,3%), the smallest – among educational workers (42,0%). Among COVID-19 convalescents, the level of humoral immunity reached 94,6%. Most of the seropositive volunteers (95,2%) did not have any symptoms of COVID-19, that is, they belonged to the category of asymptomatic carriers.

Output. The results of a survey of a representative cohort of volunteers in the Kaliningrad region showed that they are characterized by a high level of population immunity, which makes it possible to expect a decrease in.
Humoral immunity to pertussis among mother-baby dyads
Authors: Samodova O. V. , Krieger E. A. , Karamyan V. G. , Rogushina N. L. , Brovkova K. P.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Infants younger than 3 months old are at high risk of severe pertussis, complications and pertussis-associated mortality. Newborns receive protection against pertussis from maternal antibodies transferred predominantly during late pregnancy. Neither disease, nor vaccination provides lifelong immunity against pertussis. So most of women have low antibody concentrations, leaving their newborn infant at a higher risk for disease in the first months of life.

The aim of this study was to assess the concentration of antibodies against Вordetella pertussis among mother-baby dyads.

Methods. We performed a cross-sectional study including 119 mother-baby dyads. Maternal antibodies were measured in venous blood specimens during the last trimester of pregnancy for women and in cord blood for newborn infants.

Results. The median age was 30 (25; 34) years. The half of participants had unknown vaccination status (49,6%). Only 12,6% had a protective level (>18 U/mL) of anti-pertussis antibodies, 74,8% of participants had a nonprotective (<14 U/mL) level and 12,6% had an equivocal (14–18 U/mL) antibody concentrations. All newborns of seropositive women and 11,5% infants of women with an equivocal titers receive protection against pertussis. Transplacental transport ratio of antibodies against pertussis was higher in newborns of seropositive women.

Conclusion. We revealed a huge proportion of pregnant women (87,4%) and newborns (77,3%) susceptible to pertussis. Maternal antibody level against pertussis was the major predictor of the antibody level in the infant.
Film Farbe Fläche.
Authors: Rakin Jelena
Published: January 2021

Die nachträgliche Kolorierung des schwarzweißen Materials war in der Stummfilmepoche eine verbreitete Praxis. Die Filme wurden hand- oder schablonenkoloriert, viragiert und getont. Die häufig ostentativ ausgestellte Materialität der aufgetragenen Farbe stand in einem Spannungsverhältnis zum fotografischen Bild und bewirkte eine spezifische Dynamik zwischen dem Eindruck von Flächigkeit und Plastizität. Kolorierungen kamen in Serpentinentanzfilmen, den ornamentalen Motiven der Féerien, in Trickfilmen oder Moderevuen besonders zur Geltung. In dieser Hinsicht weisen die applikativen Farbtechniken des Films viele Parallelen zu anderen farbigen Bildmedien der Epoche auf (wie Gebrauchsgrafik oder Modeillustration). Zudem zeigt der kolorierte Film seine Nähe zur industrialisierten Ästhetik, vornehmlich zur visuellen Form kommerzieller Farbpaletten. In dieser Studie wird die farbige Fläche des kolorierten Films im Kontext einer intermedialen Geschichte des Ästhetischen untersucht. Farbe als Attraktion, ostentative Materialität und Element medialer Selbstreflexion der Kunst tritt aus dieser Perspektive als eine Sinnfigur der chromatischen Moderne und der populären visuellen Kultur des frühen 20. Jahrhunderts hervor.
Fanaticism of Madzhab in Interpretation: Study of The Book of Aḥkam al-Qur’an By al-Jaṣṣaṣ
Authors: Afifah Farida Nur
Published: January 2021

Tafsir ʼAḥkam Al-Qurʻan is one of the works of Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Razi al-Jaṣaṣ, that is interesting to research. In addition to his fanatical interpretation of the Hanafi madzhab, this interpretation is also often perceived as incompatible with the verse spoken (out of context). It’s used as a reference to society in the middle ages, where the Qur'an was dominated by its use for political, madzhab, or ideological purposes to defend certain interests. In addition to the important book, it’s unique in terms of its characteristics, therefore it will examine the Tafsir ʼAḥkam Al-Qurʻan in terms biography of al-Jaṣaṣ, the background of interpreting writing, interpretation methods, systematics and discussion of the book, as well as some examples of the interpretation of the book. This article uses descriptional method of analysis library. As for the results of this study al-Jaṣṣaṣ in compiling his book is inconsistent in terms of patterns, methods, or systems. al-Jaṣṣaṣ who is too fanatical in his madzhab has an effect on his interpretation based on reason. Many interpretations are poured out of his own mind and sometimes go astray. He also gave a scathing comment to another madzhab who disagreed with al-Jaṣaṣ.
Morphofunctional characteristics of cutaneous connective tissue scars in women with past history of childbirth after cesarian delivery
Authors: Mishina ES , Zatolokina MA , Mnikhovich MV , Kharchenko VV
Published: January 2021

The inevitable outcome of skin injuries caused by a variety of external factors is the formation of a connective tissue scar. A scar can deform when exposed to stretching, pressure or repeat surgeries and undergo structural changes leading to its dehiscence. Scar dehiscence is a common problem seen in women with a past history of cesarean delivery. There have been comprehensive studies of uterine scars formed after the C-section, but the morphology of cutaneous C-section scars has not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to look into the morphology of connective tissue scars in multiparas with a past history of cesarean delivery. Specimens of cutaneous scars were collected from 30 women after the C-section. Within one age group, fiber thickness was directly proportional to the number of previous deliveries. Comparison of different age groups with the same number of previous deliveries revealed the thinning of collagen fibers and the increased density of type III collagen fibers. The most pronounced changes were observed in women with a history of 3 or more deliveries. We hypothesize that a connective tissue scar undergoes structural transformation, becomes thinner, and its fibers dissociate due to repeated skin stretching, which might indirectly suggest the dehiscence of the postoperative scar.
Diagnostics of Linear Electric Circuits by Nodes with the Minimal Number of Unknown Parameters
Authors:   Ul’yanovsk State Technical University (USTU), KURGANOV Sergey A. , FILARETOV Vladimir V. ,   Ul’yanovsk State Technical University (USTU)
Published: January 2021

The star method and the links-tree method used for electric circuit diagnostics are improved. To decrease the number of experiments and measurements, it is proposed to carry out diagnostics by nodes with the lowest degree. The approach is illustrated by examples of diagnosing circuits with nodes accessible and inaccessible for measurements. In the circuits having nodes accessible for measurements it is proposed to carry out measurements on the tree branches composed of branches incident to the nodes with the lowest degree. It is exactly such branches that are selected as the top-priority ones for diagnostics. By diagnosing their parameters it becomes possible to decrease the necessary number of experiments and, hence, the number of measurements. For diagnosing the next branches that are incident to nodes with a higher degree, additional experiments may not be needed, because the parameters of certain branches are already known. In the configurations the scheme of which is partially inaccessible for measurements, diagnostics of branch parameters is additionally based on drawing up the circuit determinants of compensated schemes in the system’s inaccessible part. The practical aim of the article is to achieve a fewer number of experiments and measurements in diagnosing linear electric circuits.
Értelmezési anomáliák a Bécsi Vételi Egyezmény kártérítési gyakorlatában
Authors: Boros Sándor
Published: January 2021

A dolgozat az ENSZ, az áruk nemzetközi adásvételi szerződéseiről szóló egyezményének a kártérítési joggyakorlatával kapcsolatos értelmezési anomáliákról szól.

Az Egyezmény rendelkezései univerzális jellegűek, így egységes értelmezést és alkalmazást követelnek meg a részes államok bíróságaitól, ezért a szabályok értelmezésével és a joghézagok kitöltésével foglalkozó 7. Cikk elengedhetetlen az Egyezmény sikeres alkalmazásához. Dolgozatomban a vonatkozó ítélkezési gyakorlat elemzésével, elsősorban arra kerestem választ, hogy a különböző országok ítészei érvényesítik-e az Egyezmény univerzialitását, a kártérítés értékelése tekintetében. A kérdés megválaszolása érdekében az Egyezmény kártérítési joggyakorlatát a 7. Cikk által támasztott értelmezési alapelvek relációjában értékeltem. Ennek keretén belül a 74. Cikk joggyakorlatának szisztematikus felülvizsgálatát végeztem el, összesen 144 jogesetet elemezve, a 2006-tól 2016-ig terjedő időszak tekintetében. 

A felülvizsgálat eredménye azt mutatja, hogy kilenc olyan döntés született amikor a bíróság nemzeti kárfelelősségi doktrínát, jogintézményt, jogszabályt, vagy joggyakorlatot alkalmazott a 74. Cikk értelmezése során. Ez a megközelítés nyilvánvalóan nem segíti elő az egységesség megvalósítását. A nemzetközileg egységes szabályozás ugyanis csak akkor valósul meg, ha azt egységesen alkalmazzák. A 7. Cikk által támasztott értemezési követelményekből az következik, hogy az Egyezmény rendelkezéseit autonóm módon, a lehetséges nemzeti felfogástól megkülönböztetve szükséges értelmezni. A dolgozat keretében feltárt jogi problémák azokat a kérdéseket próbálják kiemelni, amelyek nagyobb figyelmet igényelnek a bíróságok részéről, erősítve ezzel az Egyezmény univerzális jellegét.
szellemi alkotások jogának szabályozási kérdései
Authors: Csécsy György
Published: January 2021

A tanulmány megállapítja, hogy a szellemi alkotásokra vonatkozó szabályozásban a polgári jogi szabályok dominanciája érvényesül. A régi Polgári Törvénykönyv kifejezte a kapcsolódást a szellemi alkotások jogával és szabályozta a know-how jogvédelmét, a joganyag ugyanakkor az ahhoz szervesen kapcsolódó külön jogszabályokban volt fellelhető. Az új Polgári Törvénykönyv, a 2013. évi. V. törvény már nem a szellemi alkotásokhoz fűződő jogok, hanem a „szerzői jog és iparjogvédelem” címet viseli, a know-how pedig az üzleti titok egyik fajtájaként részesült védelemben. A szerzői jog homogén jellegét megtöri a 2016. évi XCIII. törvény, amely a közös jogkezelésről rendelkezik. Az iparjogvédelem területén a legproblematikusabb jogintézmény a know-how volt. Az új Polgári Törvénykönyv szabályai után megszületett 2018. évi LIV. törvény új fejezetet nyit a know-how szabályozása terén. Ezzel kapcsolatban a törvény a 2016/943/EU Irányelvet ülteti át a magyar jogba. A jogalkotó tehát azt a megoldást választotta, hogy az üzleti titok védelmére vonatkozó új fogalmi megközelítést, jogintézményeket és eljárási szabályokat nem a Polgári Törvénykönyvben, hanem egy új jogszabály megalkotása útján tette azokat a nemzeti jog részévé. Ezzel a természetes és jogi személyek magántitkai változatlanul személyiségi jogi védelmet, míg az üzleti titok és a know-how a szellemi tulajdonjogi védelem logikájára és szankciórendszeré épülő védelmet élveznek majd.
Self-Driving Cars and Criminal Liability
Authors: Csitei Béla
Published: January 2021

After clarifying the concepts of automated and autonomous vehicles, the purpose of the study is to investigate how reasonable the criminal sanction is arising from accidents caused by autonomous vehicles. The next question to be answered is that the definition of the crime according to the Hungarian law may be applied in case of traffic related criminal offences caused by automated and autonomous vehicles. During my research I paid special attention to two essential elements of criminal offence, namely the human act and guilt. Furthermore, I strived for finding solution for the next problem, as well: if the traffic related criminal offence is committed by driving an autonomous vehicle, how to define the subject of criminal liability.
Hol a határ? - Gondolatok az aktív bírói szerepfelfogás egyes kérdéseiről
Authors: Dr. Kiss Attila
Published: January 2021

A polgári perrendtartásról szóló 2016. évi CXXX. a permenedzser bíró képét vezette be a magyar perjogban. E felfogás szerint a bírónak aktívan részt kell vennie az eljárás során, amely nem csupán a jogalkotó szándéka, hanem nemzetközi elvárás is egyben. A bíróság közrehatási tevékenysége elnevezésű alapelv arra hatalmazza fel és kötelezi a bírót, hogy a felek eljárástámogatási kötelezettségének teljesítéséhez járuljon hozzá a per koncentrálása érdekében. Ez azt is jelenti, hogy anyagi pervezetést kell alkalmaznia, amennyiben a felek perfelvételi nyilatkozatai hiányosak, homályosak, nem kellően részletezettek vagy éppen ellentmondóak. Ugyanakkor ez az aktív közrehatás semmiképp sem jelenthet jogi tanácsadást, ugyanis a bíró nem veheti sem a felek, sem a jogi képviselők feladatait. A bírói aktivitás célja a felek igényérvényesítési lehetőségének és a jogvédelem megfelelő szintű biztosítása. Az aktív bíró képe eredetileg az 1895-ben törvényi szintre ültetett osztrák szociális perjogmodellből származik. Azonban a magyar perjogtól sem idegen e felfogás, hiszen az 1911. évi I. törvénycikk (Plósz-féle Pp.) is szintén a bírói aktivitáson alapult. A tanulmány célja, hogy meghatározza az aktív bírói szerepfelfogás lényegét és rendeltetését. Ezentúl megvizsgálom, hogy milyen helyzetekben és milyen eljárási szakaszokban indokolt a bírói közrehatás. Továbbá elsősorban egyes jogértelmező testületek állásfoglalásainak elemzésével a bíró aktivitás korlátjait is meghatározni szándékozom.
special requirements applicable to the management of national assets, with a special respect to the requirement of transparency
Authors: Lehoczki Zóra Zsófia
Published: January 2021

The Fundamental Law of Hungary states that the property of the Hungarian State and of municipal governments shall be considered national assets. National assets shall be managed and protected for the purpose of serving the public interest, satisfying common needs and preserving natural resources, taking also into account the needs of future generations. Economic operators – such as companies - owned by the State or municipal governments shall conduct business prudently and independently, in accordance with the relevant legislation, under the requirements of legality, efficiency and effectiveness. The special requirements regarding the management and safeguarding are laid down in Act CXCVI of 2011 on National Assets (hereinafter: National Assets Act) and Act CVI of 2007 on State Property (hereinafter: State Property Act) also contains a few requirements in its preamble.

Based on the above, national assets shall be managed and protected in a special way, compared to privately owned assets. Publicly owned enterprises play a very important role in the national economy, since they provide a significant amount of GDP, they employ numerous people, they usually provide public services and last but not least they manage public funds. As a consequence, these companies shall also manage their assets with respect to the special requirements. In our article, we introduce these requirements by examining their content and also their relationship towards each other.

One of the most important requirements is transparency, since these enterprises manage public funds and according to the Fundamental Law, every organization managing public funds shall publicly account for the management of those funds. Public funds and national assets shall be managed according to the principles of transparency and of corruption-free public life. Data relating to public funds or to national assets shall be recognized as data of public interest. We lay a special emphasis on transparency by introducing the relating regulation and also by summarizing the most prominent statements of court decisions from the last few years. In their judgements the courts interpreted the requirement of transparency in connection with state-owned enterprises and the relationship between transparency and the protection of business secrets and business interests of the companies.
Waste Reduction by Improved Quality Control And Hadzad Analysis And Critical Control Point (HACCP) Implementation: A Case Study From Edfina Company For Presrved Foods, Alexandria, Egypt
Authors: El-Tanboly El-Sayed , El-Hofi Mahmoud , Abd-Rabou Nabil , Youssef Youssef Bahr , Ibrahim Osama , Kholif Adel
Published: January 2021

Under the Under the project Support for Environmental Assessment and Management (SEAM), This project is being implemented by Reduction of Milk Losses at Miser Company for Dairy and Food, Mansoura, Egypt. It was implemented under the National Industrial Pollution Prevention Programmers (NIPPP). NIPPP focuses on the introduction and promotion of low-cost improvement measures, which can be easily and quickly implemented by factories. It also emphasizes the importance of economic benefits of any such intervention, particularly those with short pay-back periods. A summary of how these improvements were identified and the underlying problems solved, follows. Waste minimization through improved quality control procedures was implemented at Edfina Company for Preserved Foods, Alexandria, Egypt. A number of interventions costing LE 65,200 (Egyptian Pound) have yielded annual savings of LE 382,622. Quality control training and the implementation of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) system will lead to improved product quality and further savings. Although it is difficult to quantify at this stage further savings of LE 550,000 could be expected in the short term.
Further generalized refinement of Young’s inequalities for τ -mesurable operators
Authors: Ighachane Mohamed Amine , Akkouchi Mohamed
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we prove that if a, b > 0 and 0 ≤ v ≤ 1. Then for all positive integer m

(1) - For v ∈

v
∈

[

0
,

1

2

n

]

v \in \left[ {0,{1 \over {{2^n}}}} \right]

, we have

(

a

v

b

1
-
v

)

m

+

∑

k
=
1

n

2

k
-
1

v

m

(

b

m

-

(

a

b

2
k
-
1

-
1

)

m

2

k

)

2

≤

(

v
a
+

(

1
-
v

)

b

)

m

.

{\left( {{a^v}{b^{1 - v}}} \right)^m} + \sum\limits_{k = 1}^n {{2^{k - 1}}{v^m}{{\left( {\sqrt {{b^m}} - \root {{2^k}} \of {\left( {a{b^{2k - 1}} - 1} \right)m} } \right)}^2} \le {{\left( {va + \left( {1 - v} \right)b} \right)}^m}.}

(2) - For v ∈

v
∈

[

2

n

-
1

2

n

,
1

]

v \in \left[ {{{{2^n} - 1} \over {{2^n}}},1} \right]

, we have

(

a

v

b

1
-
v

)

m

+

∑

k
=
1

n

2

k
-
1

(

1
-
v

)

m

(

a

m

-

(

b

a

2
k
-
1

-
1

)

m

2

k

)

2

≤

(

v
a
+

(

1
-
v

)

b

)

m

,

{\left( {{a^v}{b^{1 - v}}} \right)^m} + \sum\limits_{k = 1}^n {{2^{k - 1}}{{\left( {1 - v} \right)}^m}{{\left( {\sqrt {{a^m}} - \root {{2^k}} \of {\left( {b{a^{2k - 1}} - 1} \right)m} } \right)}^2} \le {{\left( {va + \left( {1 - v} \right)b} \right)}^m},}

we also prove two similar inequalities for the cases v ∈

v
∈

[

2

n

-
1

2

n

,

1
2

]

v \in \left[ {{{{2^n} - 1} \over {{2^n}}},{1 \over 2}} \right]

and v ∈

v
∈

[

1
2

,

2

n

+
1

2

n

]

v \in \left[ {{1 \over 2},{{{2^n} + 1} \over {{2^n}}}} \right]

. These inequalities provides a generalization of an important refinements of the Young inequality obtained in 2017 by S. Furuichi. As applications we shall give some refined Young type inequalities for the traces, determinants, and p-norms of positive τ-measurable operators.
La alteración de la salud del trabajador como factor de discriminación en las relaciones laborales: discapacidad y enfermedad
Authors:   Universidad de La Laguna (España), Rodríguez Padrón Patricia Orlanda
Published: January 2021

The concept of disability, which is not unitary in our legal system, is in constant evolution, and proof of this is the recent jurisprudence of the TJUE, which in the field of occupation and employment, has meant the configuration of a flexible concept of disability, which allows for the extension of the legal protection of Council Directive 2000/78/EC, of 27 November 2000, relating to the establishment of a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation, to those workers who suffer from ailments which, despite not being administratively classified as a disability, are worthy of this special protection. This doctrine is a novelty since, even though it is limited to labour relations, it abandons the traditional conception of disability as a permanent and irreversible situation.
MORPHOMETRIC FEATURES OF UNPAIRED BRANCHES OF THE ABDOMINAL AORTA IN TERMS OF AGE AND SEX
Authors:   Gomel State Medical University, Gomel, Belarus, Vvedenski D. V. , Grishechkin V. Yu. ,   Gomel State Medical University, Gomel, Belarus, Zhdanovich V. N. ,   Gomel State Medical University, Gomel, Belarus
Published: January 2021

Background. Currently, there is an increasing interest in studying the anatomical structure of the unpaired branches of the abdominal part of the aorta in connection with the development of transplantology, endovascular and minimally invasive surgery. Objective. To study changes in the morphometric parameters of unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta in men and women at different age periods of adult life. Material and methods. An analysis of 190 (93 men and 97 women) computer scans of unpaired aortic branches was performed.Results. It has been established that individual morphometric parameters of unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta in men and women change significantly with age. Conclusion. In general, a number of morphometric indicators of unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta change significantly with age. The data obtained are important for carrying out X-ray endovascular interventions.
GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS: GENETIC MARKERS OF INSULIN RESISTANCE, DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA AND MANAGEMENT TACTICS
Authors:   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus, Nikonova L. V. , Tishkovskiy S. V. ,   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus, Butrim O. S. ,   Children's Clinic No 2 Grodno, Grodno, Belarus
Published: January 2021

Gestational diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder in pregnant women. An in-depth study of the pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of gestational diabetes mellitus will allow more accurate prediction of the course, adverse perinatal and long-term metabolic consequences, and will also contribute to the development of effective technologies for the prevention and management of this pathology.
MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY OF COMBINED ECHINOCOCCAL LUNG AND LIVER CYSTS
Authors:   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus, Sushko A. A. , Salmin R. M. ,   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus, Mahiliavets E. V. ,   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus, Salmina A. V. ,   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus, Olejnik A. O. ,   Grodno University Clinic, Grodno, Belarus
Published: January 2021

The article describes the observation of a clinical case of a combination of echinococcal lung and liver cysts in a patient born in 1961. Brief information is given on the features of etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, differential diagnosis and treatment of this pathology, according to modern literature data. The study of the given clinical case indicates that multispiral computed tomography with contrast makes it possible to differentiate echinococcal cysts with a high degree of accuracy. The two-stage method of surgical treatment of combined lesions of echinococcal cysts of the lungs and liver by video-assisted resection of the lower lobe of the right lung and subsequent laparoscopic resection of the liver with an interval of three months during treatment with ambendazole is characterized by a high degree of radicalism and rehabilitation potential.
THE IMPORTANCE OF COMPENSATION OF MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES IN PERSONS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN THE ERA OF COVID-19
Authors:   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus, Yakubova L. V.
Published: January 2021

According to a number of studies, patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have an increased risk of adverse course and death from COVID-19. The deficiency in the daily consumption of micronutrients, especially potassium and magnesium, is considered to be a non-infectious "epidemic" of the 21st century. The paper presents the results of studies indicating an increased risk of developing CVD (arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, arrhythmias) and mortality from them in the presence of a deficiency in the consumption of potassium and magnesium, as well as their reduced content in the body. It provides an overview of published data on the importance of maintaining normal levels of potassium and magnesium in the body to reduce CVD risk and mortality.
Metabolic predictors of ischemic stroke: Protein C, D-dimers, macroand microelements (review)
Authors: Клименко Л.Л. , Скальный А.В. , Благонравов М.Л. , Мазилина А.Н. , Буданова М.Н. , Грабеклис А.Р.
Published: January 2021

Гематологические нарушения и гиперкоагуляционные состояния лежат в основе механизма ишемизации мозговой ткани. На образование и структуру фибрина влияют двухвалентные ионы, что в конечном итоге приводит к изменению вязкости крови, тромбоцитозу и нарушению процесса свертывания. Изменение макро- и микроэлементного баланса служит маркером нейротрофических нарушений в работе мозга задолго до их клинических проявлений: дисбаланс металло-лигандного гомеостаза является неблагоприятным фоном для дебюта ишемического инсульта. Поэтому исследование многоступенчатых гомеостатических механизмов, обеспечивающих связь кровоснабжения мозга с его метаболизмом и функцией, является ключевым пунктом при анализе патогенетических процессов нарушения мозгового кровообращения. Высокая энергетическая потребность мозга зависит от нормального кровоснабжения и постоянной регионарной перфузии. В многофакторной системе свертывания крови ключевое место занимают специфические белки - протеин С и D-димеры, а также макро- и микроэлементы.

Hematological disorders and hypercoagulability underlie the mechanism of brain ischemia. The formation and structure of fibrin are affected by divalent ions, which ultimately leads to changes in blood viscosity, thrombocytosis, and coagulopathy. Changes in the balance of macro- and microelements can predict neurotrophic disorders in the brain long before their clinical manifestation, since the disturbed metal-ligand homeostasis is an unfavorable factor for the onset of ischemic stroke. Thus, studying the multi-stage homeostatic mechanisms for the interplay of cerebral circulation and brain metabolism and function is essential for understanding the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular disorders. Normal blood supply and constant regional perfusion provide for the high brain demand for energy. Specific proteins, including protein C and D-dimers, as well as macro- and microelements, play a key role in the multifactorial coagulation system.
Extension of the CL&Pol Polarizable Force Field to Electrolytes, Protic Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Padua Agilio , Goloviznina Kateryna , Costa Gomes Margarida , Gong Zheng
Published: January 2021

The polarizable CL&Pol force field presented in our previous study, Transferable, Polarizable Force Field for Ionic Liquids (J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2019, 15, 5858, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00689), is extended to electrolytes, protic ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, and glycols. These systems are problematic in polarizable simulations because they contain either small, highly charged ions or strong hydrogen bonds, which cause trajectory instabilities due to the pull exerted on the induced dipoles. We use a Tang-Toennies function to dampen, or smear, the interactions between charges and induced dipole at short range involving small, highly charged atoms (such as hydrogen or lithium), thus preventing the ``polarization catastrophe''. The new force field gives stable trajectories and is validated through comparison with experimental data on density, viscosity, and ion diffusion coefficients of liquid systems of the above-mentioned classes. The results also shed light on the hydrogen-bonding pattern in ethylammonium nitrate, a protic ionic liquid, for which the literature contains conflicting views. We describe the implementation of the Tang-Toennies damping function, of the temperature-grouped Nosé-Hoover thermostat for polarizable molecular dynamics and of the periodic perturbation method for viscosity evaluation from non-equilibrium trajectories in the LAMMPS molecular dynamics code. The main result of this work is the wider applicability of the CL&Pol polarizable force field to new, important classes of fluids, achieving robust trajectories and a good description of equilibrium and transport properties in challenging systems. The fragment-based approach of CL&Pol will allow ready extension to a wide variety of protic ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents and electrolytes.
The orthodontist and obstructive Sleep Apnea - an orthodontic perspective
Authors: Bosy Thankam Mathew  , Raghunath N  , Girish  , Ferin Fathima  , Meenakshi S  , Pradeep S
Published: January 2021

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a recurrent respiratory condition related to sleep, characterised by sporadic narrowing and pharyngeal airway obstruction, with adverse effects on sleep efficiency and gaseous exchange. OSA is a poorly identified medical disorder where the diagnosis of undiagnosed patients involves a thorough history and concentrated physical assessment. The combination of anatomical and neuromuscular risk factors in the pathogenesis of OSA has resulted in a varied approach to its management. Individuals with OSA often feel unrested, fatigued, and sleepy during the daytime. These declines in daytime function can translate into higher rates of job-related and motor vehicle accidents. Screening to identify unrecognized OSA followed by appropriate treatment might improve sleep quality and normalize the AHI and oxygen saturation levels to prevent adverse health outcomes. The role of orthodontist in screening and cure is treasured in the multidisciplinary administration of OSA. The aim of this assessment is to summarize the recent information’s on the unique contributors to OSA with a centre of attention on diagnostic strategies and various orthodontic appliances which may also be considered for the cure of OSA and designed to offer guidance to practising orthodontists on the suggested role of the speciality of orthodontics in the management of obstructive sleep apnea.
Comparison of two different techniques of mobilization in mechanical neck pain with decrease temporomandibular joint mobility
Authors: Iqbal  , Priyanka Rishi  , Siddharth Sen
Published: January 2021

Pain in the anatomic region of neck is known as mechanical neck pain which is primarily caused by overuse of a normal anatomical structure, secondary to injury and deformity of anatomical structure. Also, mechanical neck pain can be defined as generalized neck pain provoked by sustained neck postures, neck movement, and pain on palpation of cervical musculature without pathologies. Restrictions of the neck movement occur and forced movement on the neck may worsen the pain. Mechanical neck pain is also known as nonspecific neck pain. It is a common complaint which affects 45-54% of the general population. The incidence of neck pain is higher in women (15%) than men (9%). High prevalence of neck pain was reported in desk job workers. 1-year prevalence of neck pain and work-related neck pain was reported as 43.3% and 28.3%. To compare the effect of Maitland and Mulligan mobilization with myofascial release on mechanical neck pain with decreased temporomandibular joint mobility. Total 45 subjects were selected and divided into three groups by random sampling method. This study concludes that Maitland mobilization and Mulligan mobilization are effective in mechanical neck pain with TMJ disability.
A Survey To Evaluate Patients’ Acceptance To Various Fixed Functional Appliance
Authors: Akriti Tiwari  , Ravindra Kumar Jain  , Remmiya Mary Varghese
Published: January 2021

Fixed functional appliances correct class II malocclusion by bringing the mandible forward into a new position. Patients using Fixed Functional Appliances complain of difficulty in oral hygiene, soft-tissue irritation, appliance breakage, and difficulty in mastication. Hence, the aim of this study was to conduct a survey evaluating patients’ acceptance of various fixed functional appliances in a university set up. This questionnaire-based study was a university-based setting which consisted of 10 closed-ended and open-ended questions out of which 2 were open-ended questions and 8 were close-ended. It covered discomfort, difficulty in speech, brushing, mastication, oral hygiene and fracture of the appliance. Descriptive statistics were performed. Chi-square test was used to determine the discomfort experienced due to the duration of wear. The significance level for the p-value was set at 0.05. Chi-square test reported that statistically, the insignificant association observed between duration of wear and level of discomfort (p>0.31).  All functional appliances have their own disadvantages and discomfort, which is dependent on the intricate fabrication as well as their implementation. Within the limits of the study, it was observed that discomfort was more in the initial few days but reduced over a period of time as the patients got adapted to the appliance.
Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth: Sausage of Medicinal Properties
Authors: Jubilee R  , Komala M
Published: January 2021

Nature had been serving humanity from ages by providing with the food and resources of our well-being. It was serving with medicines and herbs that are used to heal many disorders.  There were numerous lead molecules that had been isolated from natural sources, especially plants. Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth is a widely distributed plant in Africa.  Savage tree or the cucumber plant is the common name of the plant. It belongs to the family Bignoniaceae. The plant is a native plant of Africa which is confined to the south, central and West African regions. Preliminary phytochemical screening was performed for the plant revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, carbohydrates and sapogenetic glycosides. The plant has been reported to contain flavonoids, aldehyde iridioids, coumarins like dihydroisocoumarin, naphthoquinones like pinnatal, isopnnatal, kigelinole and isokigelinole. It had been investigated and proven to possess various chemicals that treat inflammations, cancers, psoriasis, dysentery and bacterial infections.
DEMOGRAPHIC PHASE SPACE OF THE TVER REGION FROM 1989 TO 2020 AND TVER REGION POPULATION
Authors: Кудинов Алексей Никифорович , Михеев Сергей Александрович , Рыжиков Владимир Николаевич , Цветков Виктор Павлович , Цветков Илья Викторович
Published: January 2021

Авторами предложен метод исследования особенностей демографической динамики на основе демографического фазового пространства. Целью работы является анализ динамики народонаселения Тверской области и оценка возможности ее стабилизации в будущем с использованием демографического фазового пространства. Научная новизна работы состоит в применении нового метода исследования особенностей демографической динамики на основе демографического фазового пространства на интересующем промежутке времени. В статье построены кусочно-линейные функции, которые непрерывно аппроксимируют временные ряды численности народонаселения и скорости изменения численности народонаселения Тверской области с 1989 по 2020 гг. Сконструировано демографическое фазовое пространство Тверского региона с 1989 по 2020 гг. Получены аналитические выражения, описывающие динамику тренда численности народонаселения Тверской области. Найдена асимптотическая стабилизация численности народонаселения Тверского региона на уровне 1.0998 млн человек к 2060 году.

The article proposes a method for studying the features of demographic dynamics based on the demographic phase space. The aim of the work is to analyze the dynamics of the population of the Tver region and to assess the possibility of its stabilization in the future using the demographic phase space. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the application of a new method for studying the characteristics of demographic dynamics based on the demographic phase space at the specific time interval. The article constructs piecewise linear functions that continuously approximate the time series of the population and the rate of change in the population of the Tver region from 1989 to 2020. The authors present a demographic phase space of the Tver region from 1989 to 2020t. An analytical expression describes the dynamics of the trend in the population of the Tver region. The investigation highlights an asymptotic stabilization of the population of the Tver region at the level of 1.0998 million people by 2060.
THE IMPACT OF CYCLICAL GOVERNMENT DEBT RELATIONS ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SPACE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Тишин Илья Владимирович
Published: January 2021

Статья посвящена вопросам влияния государственных долговых отношений на трансформации финансовой системы Российской Федерации. Цель работы - обозначить проблему цикличности развития долговых отношений в России. Ее можно рассматривать как общую форму и тенденцию долговых отношений государства, однако актуальным является изучение особых факторов, модифицирующих циклы, что особенно применительно к современному этапу становления социально-экономического пространства. Научная новизна работы заключается в выявлении тенденций российской экономики, происходящих на фоне (а частично и по результатам) кризиса циклического развития долговых отношений государства. В данном случае речь идет о, своего рода, институционально-механической трансформации в финансовом секторе экономики, в рамках которой происходит внедрение ряда новых, пока еще не характерных для российских условий, инструментов.

The article is devoted to the impact of government debt relations on the transformation of the financial system. The purpose of the research is to outline the problem of cyclical government debt relations. It can be considered as a general form and tendency of state debt relations, however, the study of special factors, modifying cycles, which is applicable to the modern stage of the socio-economic space, is also relevant. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the identification of trends in the Russian economy, taking place against the background of the cyclical government debt relations crisis. We are talking about a kind of institutional-mechanical transformation in the financial sector of the economy. This transformation stimulates the introduction of new instruments.
PECULIARITIES OF FINANCIAL BEHAVIOR OF RUSSIAN HOUSEHOLDS IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Authors: Николайчук Ольга Алексеевна , Евлоева Аминат Хасановна
Published: January 2021

Статья посвящена изучению особенностей поведения российских домашних хозяйств на современном этапе. На основе теоретических подходов различных школ экономической мысли обобщены стратегии поведения домохозяйств. Целью исследования является определение финансового поведения современных домашних хозяйств, соотнесение текущего положения с теоретическими подходами. Научная новизна полученных результатов заключается в выявлении особенностей и объективных причин поведения российских домашних хозяйств.

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of behavior of Russian households at the present stage. Based on the theoretical approaches of various schools of economic thought, household behavior strategies are summarized. The aim of the study is to determine the financial behavior of modern households, to correlate the current situation with theoretical approaches. The scientific novelty of the results obtained consists in identifying the peculiarities and objective reasons for the behavior of Russian households.
ANALYSIS OF RECREATIONAL TOURISM IN THE REPUBLIC OF SAKHA (YAKUTIA)
Authors: Рац Галина Ивановна , Тихонова Яна Петровна
Published: January 2021

Лечебно-оздоровительный туризм выделяют как один из наиболее перспективных видов туризма. В мире развивается все большее количество методов лечения с использованием лечебно-оздоровительных природных ресурсов. Целью исследования является анализ состояния лечебно-оздоровительного туризма в Республике Саха (Якутия), на основе которого можно определить перспективы развития данной отрасли. Рассмотрены основные санаторные туристские дестинации, количество и категории оздоровленных, плановые объемы медицинской помощи в санаториях, а также направления стратегического развития лечебно-оздоровительного туризма. Научная новизна заключается в детальной интерпретации лечебно-оздоровительного туризма как отдельного вида туризма на определенной территории.

Health tourism is distinguished as one of the most promising types of tourism. A growing number of treatments are being developed in the world using health-improving natural resources. The purpose of the study is to analyze the state of medical and recreational tourism in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), on the basis of which it is possible to determine the prospects for the development of this industry. The main sanatorium tourist destinations, number and categories of health-improving ones, planned volumes of medical care in sanatoriums, as well as directions of strategic development of health-improving tourism are considered. The scientific novelty consists in a detailed study of the accurate interpretation of health tourism as a separate type of tourism in a certain territory.
THEORY OF FIRMS: EVOLUTION AND CONTEMPORARY DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS
Authors: Тебекин Алексей Васильевич
Published: January 2021

Рассмотрены этапы эволюции теории фирм, как составляющей микроэкономической теории, по следующим направлениям: причины возникновения фирмы, границы деятельности фирмы, организационная структура фирмы, неоднородность действий фирмы, доказательства для различных теорий фирмы. Цель статьи состоит в оценке особенностей использования положений теории фирм в текущих экономических реалиях. Научная новизна исследования заключается в демонстрации существенных отличий условий функционирования фирм в постиндустриальную эпоху по сравнению с индустриальной и доиндустриальной эпохами, когда и были сформированы базовые положения теории фирм, что создает определенные проблемы для их использования и требует их дальнейшего развития.

The stages of the evolution of the theory of firms as a component of microeconomic theory are considered in such areas as: the reasons for the emergence of the firm, the boundaries of the firm, the organizational structure of the firm, the heterogeneity of the firm's actions, evidence for various theories of the firm. The purpose of the work was to assess the features of using the provisions of the theory of firms in the current economic realities. The problems of development of the theory of firms in modern conditions are investigated. The scientific novelty of the research lies in demonstrating significant differences in the conditions for the functioning of firms in the post-industrial era compared to the industrial and pre-industrial eras, when the basic provisions of the theory of firms were formed, create certain problems for using a number of basic provisions of the theory of firms, requiring their further development.