bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of different platelet‐rich fibrin matrices for ridge preservation in multiple tooth extractions: A split‐mouth randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Castro Ana B. , Van Dessel Jeroen , Temmerman Andy , Jacobs Reinhilde , Quirynen Marc
Published: April 2021

Aim

To evaluate dimensional changes in the alveolar ridge and bone structure after tooth extraction when L‐PRF or A‐PRF+ was used in comparison to unassisted socket healing.

Materials and methods

Twenty patients in need of at least three tooth extractions in the aesthetic zone were included. L‐PRF, A‐PRF+ or control was randomly assigned, leaving one empty socket/edentulous site between conditions. CBCT scans were obtained immediately after tooth extraction and after 3 months of healing. Horizontal and vertical dimensional changes of the ridge and socket fill were calculated. Histological and micro‐CT analysis of bone biopsies were used to evaluate post‐surgical bone structural healing.

Results

Mean horizontal and vertical changes at 1‐mm below the crest (buccal and palatal side) were similar for the three sites (p > 0.05). For the socket fill, L‐PRF (85.2%) and A‐PRF+ (83.8%) showed superior values than the control (67.9%). The histological and radiological analysis reported more newly formed bone for the PRF groups, without any significant differences between both.

Conclusions

PRF matrices failed to reduce the dimensional changes after multiple tooth extractions in the premaxilla. After 3‐month healing, both PRF matrices showed radiographically a significant superiority for the socket fill. Histologically, they seemed to accelerate new bone formation.
Tunnel technique with connective tissue graft versus coronally advanced flap with enamel matrix derivate for root coverage: 5‐year results of an RCT using 3D digital measurement technology for volumetric comparison of soft tissue changes
Authors: Zuhr Otto , Akakpo Dodji , Eickholz Peter , Vach Kirstin , Hürzeler Markus B. , Petsos Hari ,   the Research Group for Oral Soft Tissue Biology & Wound Healing
Published: April 2021

Aim

Comparison of the clinical efficacy (digitally volumetric, aesthetic, patient‐centred outcomes) of tunnel technique (TUN) with subepithelial connective tissue graft (CTG) versus coronally advanced flap (CAF) with enamel matrix derivate (EMD) 5 years after gingival recession therapy.

Materials and methods

In 18 patients contributing 36 RT1 recessions, study models were collected at baseline and follow‐ups. Optical scans assessed recessions computer‐assisted [recession depth, recession reduction (RECred), complete root coverage (CRC), percentage of root coverage (RC), pointwise (pTHK) and mean areal (aTHK) marginal soft tissue thickness]. Root coverage aesthetic Score (RES) was used for aesthetic evaluation and visual analogue scales for patient‐centred data collection applied.

Results

Sixty months after surgery, 50.0% (TUN+CTG) and 0.0% (CAF+EMD) of sites showed CRC (p = 0.0118), 82.2% (TUN+CTG) and 32.0% (CAF+EMD) achieved RC, respectively (p = 0.0023). CTG achieved significantly better RECred (TUN+CTG: 1.75±0.74 mm; CAF+EMD: 0.50 ± 0.39 mm; p = 0.0009) and aTHK (TUN+CTG: 0.95 ± 0.41 mm; CAF+EMD: 0.26 ± 0.28 mm; p = 0.0013). RES showed superior outcomes (p = 0.0533) for TUN+CTG (6.86 ± 2.31) compared to CAF+EMD (4.63 ± 1.99). The study failed to find significant differences related to patient‐centred outcomes (TUN+CTG: 8.30 ± 2.21; CAF+EMD: 7.50 ± 1.51; p = 0.1136).

Conclusions

Five years after treatment, CTG resulted in better clinical and aesthetic outcomes than CAF+EMD. Increased THK was associated with improved outcomes for RECred and RC.
Filling the gaps: phylogeography of the self‐fertilizing Kryptolebias species (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) along South American mangroves
Authors: Lira Mateus G. S. , Berbel‐Filho Waldir M. , Espírito‐Santo Helder M. V. , Tatarenkov Andrei , Avise John C. , de Leaniz Carlos Garcia , Consuegra Sofia , Lima Sergio M. Q.
Published: April 2021

Mangrove killifishes of the genus Kryptolebias have been historically classified as rare because of their small size and cryptic nature. Major gaps in distribution knowledge across mangrove areas, particularly in South America, challenge the understanding of the taxonomic status, biogeographical patterns and genetic structuring of the lineages composing the self‐fertilizing “Kryptolebias marmoratus species complex.” In this study, the authors combined a literature survey, fieldwork and molecular data to fill major gaps of information about the distribution of mangrove killifishes across western Atlantic mangroves. They found that selfing mangrove killifishes are ubiquitously distributed across the Caribbean, Central and South American mangroves and report 14 new locations in South America, extending the range of both the “Central clade” and “Southern clade” lineages which overlap in the Amazon. Although substantial genetic differences were found between clades, the authors also found further genetic structuring within clades, with populations in Central America, north and northeast Brazil generally showing higher levels of genetic diversity compared to the clonal ones in southeast Brazil. The authors discuss the taxonomic status and update the geographical distribution of the Central and Southern clades, as well as potential dispersal routes and biogeographical barriers influencing the distribution of the selfing mangrove killifishes in the western Atlantic mangroves.
The Ligamentum condylicum posterius as a precursor structure of the Processus condylicus posterior, another Proatlas‐Manifestation of the human occipital bone
Authors: Wolf‐Vollenbröker Michael , Prescher Andreas
Published: April 2021

This article presents the results of a dissection series investigating a previously neglected ligamentous structure attached to the human occipital bone, the Ligamentum condylicum posterius or posterior condylar ligament, and relates these results to the manifestation of a likewise poorly recognized occipital bony variation, the Processus condylicus posterior. The dissection of 50 human cranio‐cervical junctions revealed the existence of the posterior condylar ligament in 98% of all cases, sometimes containing free elongated ossicles and osseous spurs at the insertion points at the occipital bone. In two cases the osseous formation of a Processus condylicus posterior became apparent (4%), which further provided the opportunity to study the behaviour of the ligament in these cases. In this article, we show and discuss that the posterior condylar ligament and osseous structures possibly derive from tissue that originates from the material of the dorsal arch of the Proatlas, a rudimentary vertebra between occipital bone and atlas. For this purpose, the Ponticulus atlantis posterior as another Proatlas‐manifestation, whose origin from the dorsal Proatlas‐arch is widely accepted in literature, is considered. This bony variant was found in 11 specimens (22%) in the present study and further served to classify and interpret the findings of the much rarer Processus condylicus posterior. As a result of this dissection series and a review of literature on this understudied topic, a typology of manifestations of the posterior condylar ligament, Processus condylicus posterior and related structures like free ossicles has been introduced.
Fas, Caspase‐8, and Caspase‐9 pathway‐mediated bile acid‐induced fetal cardiomyocyte apoptosis in intrahepatic cholestasis pregnant rat models
Authors: Song Zhaoyi , Tian Xinyu , Shi Qingyun
Published: April 2021

Aim

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a specific complication in the middle and late pregnancy and has been recognized as one of the high‐risk pregnancy for sudden fetal death. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of Fas, Caspase‐8, and Caspase‐9 pathways in the internal relations of fetal myocardial apoptosis in ICP rat models, thus resulting in fetal intrauterine death. Furthermore, we researched whether ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) promoted benefits in fetal cardiomyocyte apoptosis.

Materials and methods

To establish ICP rat models, on the 15th day of pregnancy, rats were injected 17α‐ethynyl estradiol (EE2). Meanwhile, in experimental group, pregnant rats were treated with EE2 + UDCA. All rats were sacrificed on the 21st day of pregnancy. The expression levels of Fas, Caspase‐8, and Caspase‐9 were examined by western blot and real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Fetal rat cardiac tissues were removed and stained for pathological evaluation. In addition, we observed fetal myocardial structure by using transmission electron microscopy.

Results

We detected high concentrations of bile acids and transaminase in the fetal circulation. And we found increased expression levels of Fas, Caspase‐8, and Caspase‐9 proteins and mRNA in the fetal cardiomyocyte in EE2‐treated group but not in control‐ or EE2 + UDCA‐treated groups. Furthermore, compared to controls, EE2‐treated rats exhibited severe fetal myocardial structure damage and the apoptotic bodies by using transmission electron microscopy. UDCA reversed the impairment of fetal cardiomyocytes.

Conclusion

Our study has led to research into the association between activation of Fas, Caspase‐8, and Caspase‐9 pathways and bile acid‐induced fetal cardiomyocyte apoptosis, which may be one of the mechanisms on fetal cardiac death in ICP. More importantly, UDCA may improve the adverse outcome of fetus.
Low uptake of isoniazid window prophylaxis in patients exposed to a health‐care worker with pulmonary tuberculosis in a paediatric ward
Authors: Sinnathamby Annushkha , Ang Samantha , Bagdasarian Natasha , Chan Hwang Ching , Chan Si Min
Published: April 2021

Aim

A nurse on a paediatric multidisciplinary ward was diagnosed with smear‐positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Children <2 years old, immunocompromised, or >40 h of contact (n = 173) were contact‐traced.

Methods

Children received clinical review, chest X‐ray, tuberculin skin test (TST; <5 years old) and/or an interferon‐gamma release assay (Quantiferon TB‐Gold, ≥5 years old). Infants <6 months old or children <5 years old screened <2 months from exposure were recommended isoniazid window prophylaxis (WP) until a repeat TST at 6 months old or 8–10 weeks after the last exposure to the index case, respectively. Empiric treatment for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) was individually considered for immunocompromised patients.

Results

Of 173 children (135 immunocompetent, 38 immunocompromised), two were uncontactable, seven refused screening and two immunocompromised children excluded.

Eight of 126 immunocompetent children were diagnosed with LTBI (initial TST positive n = 7, TST conversion n = 1); seven started isoniazid. Thirty‐two of 36 immunocompetent children were recommended WP; 15 accepted (one non‐compliant after 1 month). Six of seven immunocompromised children accepted empiric LTBI treatment due to severe immunosuppression/initial indeterminate Quantiferon TB‐Gold result. Of 15 immunocompromised children offered WP, only five accepted.

Conclusions

There was high acceptance of screening but low uptake of isoniazid WP in high‐risk children exposed to pulmonary tuberculosis. Perception of exposure risk and chemoprophylaxis should be explored further.
The Psychometric Properties of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for the DSM‐5 in Korean Adults Exposed to Natural Disasters1,2
Authors: Seo Woojeong , Cho Yongrae
Published: April 2021

This study was conducted to examine the factor structure and other psychometric properties of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Disorders‐Fifth Edition (PCL‐5) in Korean adults (N = 234) exposed to natural disasters. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated almost the same excellent fit with both the six‐factor Anhedonia model and the seven‐factor Hybrid model. However, no significant difference in model fit was found between the two models, supporting the parsimonious six‐factor Anhedonia model. In addition, the total scale and six subscales of the PCL‐5 demonstrated good or acceptable internal consistency and good convergent and discriminant validity. These results provide additional evidence for expanding the use of the PCL‐5 with non‐English‐speaking adults exposed to natural disasters. Implications for the use of this questionnaire in assessment and treatment contexts are discussed.
Pharmacokinetics of meloxicam, carprofen, and tolfenamic acid after intramuscular and oral administration in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
Authors: Turk Erdinc , Tekeli Ibrahim Ozan , Corum Orhan , Durna Corum Duygu , Kirgiz Fatma Ceren , Cetin Gul , Arslan Atessahin Dilek , Uney Kamil
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam (MLX), carprofen (CRP), and tolfenamic acid (TA) in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) following intramuscular (IM) and oral administration at doses of 1, 10, and 2 mg/kg, respectively. A total of 72 quails were randomly divided into 3 equal groups as MLX, CRP, and TA. Each group was separated into two sub‐groups that received IM and oral administration of each drug. Plasma concentrations of MLX, CRP, and TA were determined using HPLC‐UV and analyzed by non‐compartmental method. The t1/2ʎzand MRT of MLX, CRP, and TA after oral administration were similar to those after IM administration. The Vdarea/F of MLX, CRP, and TA after IM administration was 0.28, 2.05, and 0.20 L/kg. The Cl/F of MLX, CRP, and TA after IM administration was 0.12, 0.19, and 0.09 L/h/kg. MLX, CRP, and TA after oral administration showed significantly lower Cmaxand longer Tmaxcompared with IM administration. The relative bioavailability of MLX, CRP, and TA following oral administration in quails was 76.13%, 61.46%, and 57.32%, respectively. The IM and oral route of MLX, CRP, and TA can be used for the treatment of various conditions in quails. However, further research is necessary to determine the pharmacodynamics and safety of MLX, CRP, and TA before use in quails.
Freedom, diversity and the taste for revolt
Authors: Maimone Ansaldo Patti Dario , Marino Alba , Navarra Pietro
Published: April 2021

Do freedom and social diversity affect individual preferences for revolutionary action? In this paper, we study the interplay between subjective freedom, defined as autonomy in decision‐making, and social diversity, measured through the extent of religious and/or ethno–linguistic fractionalization. Our paper is based on three hypotheses about the impact of the above two variables and their interaction on individual preferences for revolt. Our hypotheses are tested using a dataset containing information on about 44,000 individuals and covering 51 different countries during the 1990–2003 period. Our research suggests that people that define themselves as free individuals are less likely to support revolutionary actions, while the extent of fractionalization mildly affects such a probability. Interestingly, subjective freedom moderates the impact of diversity on the individual preferences for revolt if the extent of fractionalization is below a certain threshold. Instead, when above, subjective freedom enhances the impact of diversity on the taste for revolt.
The Role of Language Teacher Metacognition and Executive Function in Exemplary Classroom Practice
Authors: HIVER PHIL , SOLARTE ANA C. SÁNCHEZ , WHITESIDE ZACH , KIM CLAUDIA J. , WHITEHEAD GEORGE E. K.
Published: April 2021

Metacognition is a topic of increasing interest in the field of instruction and learning, but its relation to actual teaching behaviors is seldom investigated in second language (L2) classroom research. The purpose of this study was to examine whether and how language teacher metacognition and executive function are linked to high‐leverage teaching practice. We recruited foreign and second language teachers (N = 937), including bilingual/ESL teachers, from public schools across the southern United States. We obtained a direct measure of teachers’ executive function and an indirect measure of metacognitive capacity. Using the Tripod (7Cs) framework, we also assessed specific aspects of high‐leverage teaching practice under 3 broad conceptual areas: personal support, curricular support, and academic press. We examined the mediating role of teacher metacognitive capacity between executive function and exemplary classroom practice, and tested an alternative model. Analyses returned stronger support for our hypothesized model over the alternative, indicating that teacher metacognition—teachers’ adaptive capacity to monitor, interpret, evaluate, and intervene on L2 classroom events—constitutes an important mediating condition for building classroom environments that are engaging, demanding, and supportive of learners’ L2 development.
Measuring early childhood development: considerations and evidence regarding the Caregiver Reported Early Development Instruments
Authors: McCoy Dana Charles , Seiden Jonathan , Waldman Marcus , Fink Günther
Published: April 2021

Reflecting a burgeoning political interest in supporting young children around the world, global demand for reliable, valid, and scalable assessments of early childhood development (ECD) is on the rise. One of the more popular sets of tools for measuring the ECD of children under age 3 is the Caregiver Reported Early Development Instruments (CREDI), which includes both a long form for research and evaluation and a short form for population‐level monitoring. In this commentary, we describe the goals and limitations of the CREDI, research to support its use as a population‐level ECD instrument, as well as the major gaps in its evidence base. We also discuss how the work of Alderman and colleagues (in this issue) addresses some of these outstanding gaps, highlighting several critical areas for future research.
Erionite asbestiform fibres and health risk in Aotearoa/New Zealand: A research note
Authors: Patel Janki Prakash , Brook Martin S.
Published: April 2021

Erionite is a naturally‐occurring fibrous zeolite mineral present in some rocks and soils. It is usually found in volcanic ash altered by weathering and groundwater, and recrystallised as zeolite. It is an “asbestiform” because it forms mineral fibres, and like asbestos, if inhaled, can lead to diseases like malignant mesothelioma (MM). Nevertheless, erionite is generally acknowledged as being more carcinogenic than asbestos minerals. Aotearoa/New Zealand has one of the highest MM rates in the western world. We describe preliminary results from erionite in Auckland, provide observations about asbestiform fibres and disease in the Aotearoa‐Pacific Island region, and briefly outline avenues for research.
Clinical guidelines for the treatment of congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Ito Miharu , Terui Keita , Nagata Kouji , Yamoto Masaya , Shiraishi Masayuki , Okuyama Hiroomi , Yoshida Hideo , Urushihara Naoto , Toyoshima Katsuaki , Hayakawa Masahiro , Taguchi Tomoaki , Usui Noriaki ,   Japanese Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Study Group
Published: April 2021

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a birth defect of the diaphragm in which abdominal organs herniate through the defect into the thoracic cavity. The main pathophysiology is respiratory distress and persistent pulmonary hypertension because of pulmonary hypoplasia caused by compression of the elevated organs. Recent progress in prenatal diagnosis and postnatal care has led to an increase in the survival rate of patients with CDH. However, some survivors experience mid‐ and long‐term disabilities and complications requiring treatment and follow‐up. In recent years, the establishment of clinical practice guidelines has been promoted in various medical fields to offer optimal medical care, with the goal of improvement of the disease’ outcomes, thereby reducing medical costs, etc. Thus, to provide adequate medical care through standardization of treatment and elimination of disparities in clinical management, and to improve the survival rate and mid‐ and long‐term prognosis of patients with CDH, we present here the clinical practice guidelines for postnatal management of CDH. These are based on the principles of evidence‐based medicine using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. The recommendations are based on evidence and were determined after considering the balance among benefits and harm, patient and society preferences, and medical resources available for postnatal CDH treatment.
In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy for monitoring actinic keratosis treated with 5‐aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy
Authors: Tan Lina , Zhang Yuezhong , Huang Jian , Tang Zhen , Tong Xiaoliang , Gao Lihua , Zeng Jinrong
Published: April 2021

Background

Actinic keratosis (AK) occurs frequently in sun‐exposed skin while its diagnosis and treatment were still in exploration.

Materials and methods

Thirty two patients with facial AK lesions were selected and examined with reflective confocal microscopy (RCM) firstly, followed by biopsy at the same site. RCM was used to observe AK lesions before 5‐aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA‐PDT) treatment, after the first treatment, after 4 treatments, and at 1 and 6 months follow‐up. Retrospective analysis of RCM images was performed.

Results

Thirty two AK cases showed initial RCM microscopic features including disorderly arranged epidermal cells (100%), atypical keratinocytes (100%), and blurry border between the epidermis and dermis (100%). 4 patients quitted trail. After treatments, 24 cases showed basically regular arrangement of epidermal cells, absent atypical keratinocytes, and clear border between epidermis and dermis, while 4 cases improved little. At 1 and 6 months follow‐up, 23 cases remained relapse‐free while 1 case developed recurrent symptoms. Effective rate of 4 ALA‐PDT treatments for AK was 100%; recurrence and cure rates were 4.2% and 82.1%, respectively.

Conclusion

ALA‐PDT is effective to treat AK, while RCM can be recommended for in vivo evaluating and monitoring the effect of ALA‐PDT on AK.
Patrimonio e Identidad: la quema de la estatua de Francisco de Aguirre
Authors: Cortés Ferreira Cleyton Edison
Published: April 2021

La presencia de estatuas de conquistadores hispanos es habitual en muchas ciudades chilenas y latinoamericanas, y conforman una parte de nuestro acervo patrimonial. Sin embargo, eso no significa que haya consenso en cuanto a su presencia en el espacio público. Este artículo analiza la quema de la estatua de Francisco de Aguirre en La Serena como un caso de subversión a las narrativas históricas hegemónicas de una ciudad que consagra una herencia colonial neutralizando la diversidad histórica y actual de su comunidad. Para ello, se realiza el seguimiento a la cobertura que un medio de prensa de la ciudad realiza sobre este hecho, concluyendo que esta figura histórica configura un patrimonio negativo que evidencia el trasfondo político del proceso de patrimonialización, y que instala la necesidad de constituir patrimonios culturales más representativos, diversos y que gestionen el conflicto en vez de eludirlo.
La plaza de mercado como escenario para la identificación de diversos fenómenos socioculturales e interculturales en el continente americano
Authors: Bravoa Rafael Ángel
Published: April 2021

Las galerías, plazas de mercado o mercados centrales, en sociedades rurales y urbanas, a través de Norte, Centro y Suramérica, se convierten en resguardos de conservación y resistencia cultural, donde se preservan expresiones del patrimonio material e inmaterial, contribuyendo a la protección de diversas expresiones de la tradición oral y la herencia alimentaria. En dichos contextos, igualmente, estos espacios comerciales dan lugar a unos procesos multiculturales e interculturales, los cuales se materializan a través de los objetos, productos, prácticas y creencias que estos lugares albergan. Utilizando la fotografía como principal herramienta de registro y recolección de información, se propone, a través de este trabajo, una aproximación taxonómica frente a las prácticas, productos y expresiones que se desarrollan en las plazas de mercado o mercados populares, identificando, a partir de estos elementos, una serie de diversos factores geográficos y socioculturales que en estos escenarios se materializan y evidencian.
Tecnologia 3D para ações de salvaguarda do patrimônio cultural: estudo de caso, reprodução das calçadas em mosaico à portuguesa de Porto Alegre (Brasil) em chocolate
Authors: Bolaños-Mora Adriana , Fillmann Maria Carolina , Pinto da Silva Fábio
Published: April 2021

Uno de los objetivos de este artículo es resaltar la importancia de salvaguardar el patrimonio cultural y cómo la tecnología del escáner 3D y la digitalización pueden contribuir a la investigación, producción y reproducción de productos gastronómicos. El objetivo de este estudio es recapitular la discusión actual sobre conocimientos y prácticas asociados al acto de comer, integrada a la disciplina del diseño y su modelo de proceso, combinando esto con el patrimonio, su necesidad de conocimiento y conservación a través de la estimulación de la percepción en los habitantes de las ciudades. Siendo parte de la historia de Porto Alegre (Brasil) y habiendo pasado bastante desapercibidos entre la gente, las aceras con mosaico portugués se convierten en tema de investigación de este artículo. Vivificar el patrimonio mediante la tecnología 3D sugiere una nueva materialización para informar y crear conciencia. La tecnología ayuda porque es un medio que permite que las imágenes visuales, a veces pasajeras, tengan un nuevo registro, lo que facilita la conexión con otros sentidos. Por consiguiente, reúne una carga de sensaciones que no es sólo memoria, sino también el tacto, el olfato y el gusto, pasando de lo imaginario a lo tangible. Por consiguiente, cambiar el paisaje de las calzadas con mosaico portugués en ese suelo (pisado, gastado e incluso ignorado) por aceras en una barra de chocolate, no sólo es acercarlas a la gente, sino que les permite tocarlas, degustarlas, apreciarlas mucho más. Acercarse e incluso comerlas. De este modo, se potencia la difusión y resignificación de este patrimonio. El patrimonio es una herencia que adquiere valor sólo cuando se vuelve asimilable.
Design Principles for Additive Manufacturing: Leveraging Crowdsourced Design Repositories
Authors: Hwang Dongwook , Blake Perez K. , Anderson David , Jensen Daniel , Camburn Bradley , Wood Kristin
Published: April 2021

Industry 4.0, as the fourth industrial revolution, represents significant challenges and numerous innovation opportunities for future product realization. A critical area of Industry 4.0 is the advancement of new design theories, design methods, and design principles to drive and enable the revolution with designers, engineers, teams, and organizations. This paper focuses on the advancement of a design theory and design principles for a growing manufacturing capability for Industry 4.0: additive manufacturing (AM). With high degrees of freedom, the field and use of AM requires design guidance and highly practical knowledge for supporting ideation processes, enabling understanding of capabilities, and creating a basis to innovative with the technology. Some design principles for AM exist in the literature; however, designers seek more fundamental and practical design guidelines for successfully creating and building their customized design artefacts, especially as Industry 4.0 moves forward. In this study, a crowdsourced repository for additively manufacturable components is used as the source of design data, within an empirical study, to extract practical design principles for AM. A total of 23 crowdsourced design principles for AM are extracted and clustered according to level specificity: (i) design for manufacturing, (ii) design for digital manufacturing, (iii) design for AM, and (iv) design for fused deposition modeling. These 23 AM design principles, as a foundation for AM design and Industry 4.0, are provided in a common framework; expressed for ready use by designers, developers, and researchers; and illustrated through some contemporary designs.
Influence of Varying the Stage Aspect Ratio on the Performance of Multi-Stage Savonius Wind Rotors
Authors: Saad Ahmed S. , Ookawara Shinichi , Ahmed Mahmoud
Published: April 2021

Although using a multi-stage rotor of Savonius vertical-axis wind turbine enhances the self-starting ability, it reduces the power coefficient. To improve power coefficient, the influence of varying the stage aspect ratio is investigated. Therefore, two-, three-, and four-stage Savonius rotors at stage aspect ratios ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 with increments of 0.25 are considered. To determine performance parameters such as coefficients of torque, power, and thrust, a comprehensive three-dimensional unsteady incompressible turbulent flow model using Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations along with a k–ω shear stress transport turbulence model is developed. The developed numerical model is validated utilizing the available experimental results. Moreover, a novel assessment technique relying on flow field characteristics such as pressure distribution in conjunction with streamlines around the proposed multi-stage Savonius rotor with various stage aspect ratios is carried out. The contribution of each stage on the performance of the whole rotor is computed and presented. The findings of the current study illustrate that utilizing a multi-stage rotor with stage aspect ratio equal to or greater than 1.0 significantly enhances the output power. By rising the stage aspect ratio within the range of 0.5–1.5, the peak coefficient of power boosts from 0.163 to 0.213 for a two-stage rotor and from 0.183 to 0.23 for a four-stage rotor. In addition, three-stage rotors with stage aspect ratio ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 show increased average static coefficient of torque from 0.196 to 0.272 with positive values at whole rotation angles. This improves the self-starting abilities of the multi-stage rotor and makes it suitable in areas where the wind is intermittent and very low. Furthermore, raising the stage aspect ratio from 0.5 to 1.5 significantly mitigates the oscillations of both torque and thrust coefficients throughout the entire cycle for all multi-stages. This lowers the mechanical vibrations and noise emission during operation conditions. Accordingly, multi-stage Savonius rotors with stage aspect ratio equal to or greater than 1.0 are highly recommended for practical applications.
Experimental Investigation on Friction and Wear Performance of C/C Composite Finger Seal
Authors: Yan-chao Zhang , Rui-min Zhou , Ming-hu Yin , Yong-tao Zhang , Hai-tao Hu , Ya-hui Cui
Published: April 2021

In order to find a good friction pair for the finger seal, the pin-on-disc friction tests matching the actual working conditions of finger seal are designed based on the performance simulation of finger seal and the similarity principle of PV value, in which the friction characteristics between pins with two different materials (C/C composite or cobalt-base alloy GH605) and discs with two different coatings (Cr3C2 or Al2O3) are tested and analyzed respectively; the test results show that the wear loss of all the friction pairs increases with the load increasing, but the friction coefficient of the C/C composite pin (no matter contacting with Cr3C2 or Al2O3 coating) is much less than that of GH605 pin; in the four kinds of friction pairs, the C/C–Cr3C2 pair has the greatest friction characteristics and least wear loss. Then, to verify the application feasibility of C/C composite in the finger seal further, the bench-scale performance test of the finger seal with C/C–Cr3C2 pair (the finger seal is made of C/C composite, and the rotor surface is coated with Cr3C2) is carried out with a self-developed testing rig; according to the leakage and wear results before and after the durability test lasted for 60 h, there is little distinct trace of destruction on the friction surfaces of finger seal with C/C–Cr3C2 pair after the durability test, which is in good agreement with the result of pin-on-disc friction test; besides, after the durability test, the static leakage of finger seal with C/C–Cr3C2 pair becomes lower than that before and is lower than that of finger seal made of GH605. The test results in this paper indicates that the C/C–Cr3C2 pair has nice friction characteristics and can be a good choice for the friction pair of the finger seal.
Deep embedded clustering of coral reef bioacoustics
Authors: Ozanich Emma , Thode Aaron , Gerstoft Peter , Freeman Lauren A. , Freeman Simon
Published: April 2021

Deep clustering was applied to unlabeled, automatically detected signals in a coral reef soundscape to distinguish fish pulse calls from segments of whale song. Deep embedded clustering (DEC) learned latent features and formed classification clusters using fixed-length power spectrograms of the signals. Handpicked spectral and temporal features were also extracted and clustered with Gaussian mixture models (GMM) and conventional clustering. DEC, GMM, and conventional clustering were tested on simulated datasets of fish pulse calls (fish) and whale song units (whale) with randomized bandwidth, duration, and SNR. Both GMM and DEC achieved high accuracy and identified clusters with fish, whale, and overlapping fish and whale signals. Conventional clustering methods had low accuracy in scenarios with unequal-sized clusters or overlapping signals. Fish and whale signals recorded near Hawaii in February–March 2020 were clustered with DEC, GMM, and conventional clustering. DEC features demonstrated the highest accuracy of 77.5% on a small, manually labeled dataset for classifying signals into fish and whale clusters.
The Acute Physiological and Perceptual Effects of Individualizing the Recovery Interval Duration Based Upon the Resolution of Muscle Oxygen Consumption During Cycling Exercise
Authors: Fennell Christopher R.J. , Hopker James G.
Published: April 2021

Purpose: There has been paucity in research investigating the individualization of recovery interval duration during cycling-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT). The main aim of the study was to investigate whether individualizing the duration of the recovery interval based upon the resolution of muscle oxygen consumption would improve the performance during work intervals and the acute physiological response of the HIIT session, when compared with a standardized (2:1 work recovery ratio) approach. Methods: A total of 16 well-trained cyclists (maximal oxygen consumption: 60 [7] mL·kg−1·min−1) completed 6 laboratory visits: (Visit 1) incremental exercise test, (Visit 2) determination of the individualized (IND) recovery duration, using the individuals’ muscle oxygen consumption recovery duration to baseline from a 4- and 8-minute work interval, (Visits 3–6) participants completed a 6 × 4- and a 3 × 8-minute HIIT session twice, using the IND and standardized recovery intervals. Results: Recovery duration had no effect on the percentage of the work intervals spent at >90% and >95% of maximal oxygen consumption, maximal minute power output, and maximal heart rate, during the 6 × 4- and 3 × 8-minute HIIT sessions. Recovery duration had no effect on mean work interval power output, heart rate, oxygen consumption, blood lactate, and rating of perceived exertion. There were no differences in reported session RPE between recovery durations for the 6 × 4- and 3 × 8-minute HIIT sessions. Conclusion: Individualizing HIIT recovery duration based upon the resolution of muscle oxygen consumption to baseline levels does not improve the performance of the work intervals or the acute physiological response of the HIIT session, when compared with standardized recovery duration.
Exercise as a Mitigator of Poor Mental Health Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adults
Authors: Pharr Jennifer R. , Flatt Jason D. , Chien Lung-Chang , Kachen Axenya , Olakunde Babayemi O.
Published: April 2021

Introduction: There is a positive association between exercise and improved mental health in the general population. Although there is a greater burden of psychological distress among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people, little is known about the association between exercise and mental health in this population. The authors explored the association between exercise and poor mental health reported by LGB adults in the United States. Methods: Our analyses used data from the 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey. Multiple regression analyses were used to determine the association between exercising and mental health days adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Data were available for 6371 LGB participants. LGB adults who participated in any exercise reported almost 1.0 day less of poor mental health in the past 30 days compared with LGB adults who did not exercise (P ≤ .01). LGB adults who met one or both of the physical activity guidelines had between 1.2 and 1.7 days less of poor mental health compared with those who did not meet the guidelines (P ≤ .01). Conclusion: Fewer days of poor mental health were reported by LGB adults who exercised. Determining whether physical activity interventions, including aerobic and strengthening exercises, could improve mental health outcomes in LGB adults should be studied.
Regular Voluntary Running Inhibits Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer Growth in Mice
Authors: Esteves Mário , Silva Carina , Pereira Sofia S. , Morais Tiago , Moreira Ângela , Costa Madalena M. , Monteiro Mariana P. , Duarte José A.
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Benefits of regular physical exercise were demonstrated as preventive and coadjuvant nonpharmacological anticancer therapy. However, the role of exercise in modulating prostate cancer behavior has yet to be established. Methods: Prostate tumors were induced in C57BL/6 male mice (n = 28) by subcutaneous inoculation of a suspension of murine androgen-independent RM1 cells (1.5 × 105 cells/500 μL phosphate-buffered saline) in the dorsal region. Mice were randomly allocated into 2 study groups: sedentary tumor-induced (n = 14) and exercised tumor-induced (n = 14). Exercise consisted of voluntary running in wheeled cages. Mice (n = 7 per group) were sacrificed either 14 or 28 days after cell inoculation to evaluate tumor weight and percentage of area occupied by immunohistochemistry stained cells for Ki-67 and TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling, used as surrogate markers of cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. Results: Compared with sedentary tumor-induced mice, the tumors developed by exercised tumor-induced mice were significantly smaller at 14 days (0.17 [0.12] g vs 0.48 [0.24] g, P < .05) and at 28 days (0.92 [0.73] g vs 2.09 [1.31] g, P < .05), with smaller Ki-67 and greater TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling stained areas (P < .05). Conclusion: These results suggest that regular voluntary running inhibits prostate cancer cell growth by reducing cell proliferation and enhancing apoptosis.
Critical Discourse Analysis as Theory, Methodology, and Analyses in Sport Management Studies
Authors: Sveinson Katherine , Hoeber Larena , Heffernan Caroline
Published: April 2021

Critical discourse analysis (CDA) is a theory, methodology, and type of analysis used across various fields, including linguistics, sociology, and philosophy. CDA focuses on how language is used; discourses are found within language, and knowledge is created through these discourses. CDA can be beneficial to sport management scholars who seek to question existing power structures. The purpose of this paper was to highlight the value and appropriateness of CDA forJournal of Sport Managementreaders in an effort to see this approach become more prevalent in the journal. The authors shared their perspectives about the lack of critical qualitative methodologies inJournal of Sport Management, presented theoretical foundations of CDA, showcased its application in sport management studies, and explored four theoretical, methodological, and analytical approaches for future use. The authors also provided suggestions for scholars to adopt discourse-related methodologies to enhance knowledge creation in their field. Finally, the authors acknowledged the limitations of this approach.
Connect-the-DOT from early stress to depression
Authors: Ferrarelli Leslie K.
Published: April 2021

Targeting the epigenetic enzyme DOT1L may reverse some behavioral effects of early-life stress.
Comparison of
In Vitro
Susceptibility of Delafloxacin with Ciprofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, and Other Comparator Antimicrobials against Isolates of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Authors: Brown Elliott Barbara A. , Wallace Richard J.
Published: April 2021

Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections are increasing globally.
Mycobacterium avium
complex (MAC) and
M. abscessus
complex are the most commonly reported NTM. Oral treatment options are limited, especially for the
M. abscessus
complex.
A Trigger Phosphodiesterase Modulates the Global c-di-GMP Pool, Motility, and Biofilm Formation in Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Authors: Martínez-Méndez Raquel , Camacho-Hernández Diego A. , Sulvarán-Guel Elizabeth , Zamorano-Sánchez David
Published: April 2021

c-di-GMP trigger phosphodiesterases (PDEs) could play a key role in controlling the heterogeneity of biofilm matrix composition, a property that endows characteristics that are potentially relevant for sustaining integrity and functionality of biofilms in a variety of natural environments. Trigger PDEs are not always easy to identify based on their sequence, and hence not many examples of these type of signaling proteins have been reported in the literature.
Infection of Bronchial Epithelial Cells by the Human Adenoviruses A12, B3, and C2 Differently Regulates the Innate Antiviral Effector APOBEC3B
Authors: Lejeune Noémie , Poulain Florian , Willemart Kévin , Blockx Zoé , Mathieu Sarah , Gillet Nicolas A.
Published: April 2021

The APOBEC3 family of cytosine deaminases has important roles in antiviral innate immunity and cancer. Notably, APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B are actively upregulated by several DNA tumor viruses and contribute to transformation by introducing mutations in the cellular genome.
mSphere of Influence: Drivers of Host-Associated Microbial Community Structure and Change
Authors: Hale Vanessa L.
Published: April 2021

Vanessa L. Hale studies the role of the microbiome in disease susceptibility in animal and human health.
Evenness-Richness Scatter Plots: a Visual and Insightful Representation of Shannon Entropy Measurements for Ecological Community Analysis
Authors: Gauthier Jeff , Derome Nicolas
Published: April 2021

Shannon’s entropy is a popular alpha diversity metric because it estimates both richness and evenness in a single equation. However, since its value is dependent on both those parameters, there is theoretically an infinite number of richness/evenness value combinations translating into the same index score.
Palinacousis: an eloquent symptom of temporal lobe lesion
Authors: Veilleux Catherine , El-Hage Gilles , L'Ecuyer Nathalie , Bojanowski Michel W
Published: April 2021

A 24-year-old woman was referred to us for an intracranial haemorrhage in the left temporal lobe caused by a ruptured cavernous malformation; the bleeding extended over the left Heschl’s gyrus and Wernicke area. On admission, the patient had global aphasia. A few days later, she spontaneously improved but remained with mild residual comprehensive dysphasia. She reported hearing, in her right ear, recently heard words, which is consistent with palinacousis. Auditory acuity testing was normal. EEG showed focal slowing in the left temporal region with no epileptiform activity. During awake surgery for resection of the cavernous malformation, stimulation of the superior temporal gyrus did not provoke palinacousis. The patient made good recovery with complete resolution of the aphasia and no recurrence of palinacousis. We aimed to review this phenomenon and to provide a systematic review of the current literature.
Severe stridor and profound weakness after cerebral malaria
Authors: Fuller Charlotte , Wooldridge Gavin , Liomba Alice , Ray Stephen Thomas James
Published: April 2021

Cerebral malaria (CM) is defined by WHO as coma (Blantyre Coma Score 2 or less) in a patient withPlasmodium falciparumparasitaemia and no alternative cause of coma identified. Mortality is approximately 15%–30% in African children and up to one-third of survivors have neurological sequelae. We present a patient with severe stridor and prolonged profound weakness during an intensive care admission with CM. These complications initially presented a diagnostic dilemma in our limited resourced setting. The stridor failed to improve with empiric steroids and a subsequent opportunistic ENT consult diagnosed vocal cord paresis. The weakness was so profound that the patient was unable to lift his head during the acute illness. The child received intensive physiotherapy, and at 1-month follow-up, the stridor and weakness had resolved.
Stroke mimic in an acute rehabilitation unit patient with associated hypomagnesaemia
Authors: Shan Mia X , Hanna Andrew , Villalpando Emmanuel G , Aragaki Dixie
Published: April 2021

This case report describes a patient who presented with acute left facial numbness and eyelid weakness prompting work-up, which demonstrated low suspicion for new stroke but revealed hypomagnesaemia as a potential differential diagnosis. Patient initially presented to the emergency department with left upper extremity weakness and was diagnosed with right basal ganglia infarction. Two weeks after transfer to the acute rehabilitation unit, patient suddenly complained of left facial numbness and eyelid weakness. However, brain imaging did not show any new acute infarct. Instead, laboratory results showed hypomagnesaemia at 1.50 mg/dL. Patient was therefore treated with intravenous magnesium leading to resolution of his symptoms. Up to 30% of acute stroke presentations are stroke mimics. Although hypomagnesaemia is less frequently seen as a mimic, its neuromuscular manifestations may present with similar symptoms. Patients will always benefit from a comprehensive evaluation for stroke symptoms, but it is important to consider the mimics as well.
Rare presentation of rectal duplication cyst as perineal hernia in an adult
Authors: Bhat Rahul , Choudhari Rajat Ravindrakumar , Prabhu Shivananda , Thejeswi Poornachandra
Published: April 2021

Rectal duplication cysts are rare congenital anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract. They can present with pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, infection or compressive symptoms on the rectum and urinary bladder. A 79-year-old man presented with a 8×5 cm swelling in the sacral region above the natal cleft with a positive cough impulse. During surgical exploration, there were two cysts with the posterior one presenting as the hernia. The cyst was excised and histopathological examination confirmed a diagnosis of rectal duplication cyst. Rectal duplications can lie anterior or more commonly posterior to the rectum. Differential diagnoses include dermoid cyst, diverticular cyst, sacrococcygeal teratoma or meningocele and endoscopic ultrasound is imaging of choice for diagnosis. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. This is a rare presentation of a rectal duplication cyst as a perineal hernia with only a handful of cases in literature.
Perforated gastric ulcer as the initial manifestation of hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Castle Cameron , Tietjens James
Published: April 2021

Primary hyperparathyroidism is characterised by autonomous production of parathyroid hormone resulting in hypercalcaemia. It is estimated that 12% of these patients present with peptic ulcer-related symptoms. The pathophysiological mechanism is not well established, but studies reveal serum calcium activating gastrin cell calcium receptors ultimately resulting in increased gastric acid production leading to peptic ulcer disease. A patient presented acutely to our service with peptic ulcer perforation in the context of incidentally elevated serum calcium levels. Further inpatient investigations lead to the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism as the first manifestation of this patient’s disease.