bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the Water Absorption Diffusion Model and Kinetics of Pretreated Straw
Authors: Song Lei , Li Yuanna , Lei Tingzhou , Yang Yantao , Shen Yilin , Yang Mei , Wang Yunbo , Zheng Hesheng
Published: November 2024

To study the water absorption characteristics of corn, rice, and wheat straw after low-temperature pretreatment (120 ~ 200°C). This work introduces an internal particle diffusion model for the moisture adsorption mechanism and measures the water contact angle to assess hydrophobicity, establishing a linear relationship between the water absorption kinetic parameters and temperature. The results show that when the temperature rises to 200°C, the hygroscopicity reduction extent of corn straw, rice straw and wheat straw are 58.45%, 28.32% and 12.12%, respectively, significant increase in hydrophobicity. The three-stage internal particle diffusion equation can effectively describe the adsorption process of straw to moisture. At 70% humidity, the diffusion rate constant decreased and the boundary layer thickness increased. The ASABE equation can accurately predict the moisture content of corn straw; the water absorption process of rice and wheat straw conforms to the Peleg equation, which is significant for the subsequent large-scale high-quality utilization of straw.
Shear Strengthening of Pre-damaged Reinforced concrete (RC) Beams Using FRP Sheets
Authors: Alsayer Roaa Babiker , Solikin Mochamad , Osman Bashir H. , Harnaeni Senja Rum , Sunarjono Sir
Published: November 2024

Pre-damaged reinforced concrete (RC) beams require significant enhancement of flexural capacity and ductility to maintain structural integrity under sustained loads. Although current strengthening techniques using fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets show promise, there is a limited understanding of how to control the failure modes and stress distribution around the beams. This study addresses this gap by experimentally testing RC beams strengthened with Carbon Fiber Reinforcement polymer (CFRP) sheets and analyzing how it affects the failure in the beams subjected under prolonged loads. During the experiment, four beams under different loading conditions were tested. Before the process, cracking was generated, followed by repair with U-shaped CFRP, and the beam was tested further to failure. Throughout the process, the service load remains constant. Using the standard code "ACI Committee 440–2002", the results for the potential damage due to the service loads were compared with theoretical outcomes met by the code. From the results, both the prior damage level and the applied CFRP have a substantial impact on the beams’ failure mode and strengthening effectiveness. The strengthened beams demonstrate higher capacity of withstanding sustained loads, with a capacity increase ranging from 21.8–66.4%. Additionally, cracking widths at failure load were reduced by 25.6–82.7% when compared to the control beam. The findings contribute to a better knowledge of the structural behavior of FRP-strengthened reinforced concrete beams, providing useful insights for engineers and researchers in the field of structural rehabilitation and retrofitting.
Natural cellulose fibers from Agave Americana L. ASPARAGACEAE as an effective adsorbent for mercury in aqueous solutions
Authors: Sánchez-Moreno Hugo , García-Rodríguez Lourdes , Recalde Celso
Published: November 2024

This study investigated the use of functionalized cellulose fibers (FCF) derived from Agave Americana L. ASPARAGACEAE as an effective adsorbent for mercury removal from aqueous solutions. The composition, surface properties, and morphology of the FCF were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The effects of the pH, contact time, temperature, adsorbent dosage, and initial Hg(II) concentration on the adsorption process were studied. Under the optimized experimental conditions, FCF achieved a removal efficiency of over 92%, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 8.29 mg/g. The Langmuir isotherm model best described the equilibrium data, whereas the pseudo-second-order kinetic model was used to investigate the adsorption mechanism. Thermodynamic studies indicated a spontaneous and endothermic adsorption process. The effectiveness of the FCF was further demonstrated by its ability to remove approximately 91% of Hg from real mine water in Ecuador. These findings highlight the potential of Agave Americana L. fibers as promising, eco-friendly, and sustainable adsorbents for the remediation of mercury pollution in aqueous environments.
A comparison between two techniques for the management of Sulfamethoxazole in water: Adsorption and photocatalytic degradation
Authors: Elkomy Ahmed Salah , Abdel-wahab Mohamed Sh. , Shehata Nabila
Published: November 2024

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is one of the majority of vital antibiotic medications and is widely employed for the treatment of bacterial infections. This pharmaceutical residue has been detected in surface water and sewage wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Moreover, it has negative impacts on human and ecosystems. The main aim of this work is to remdiate water from SMX using two different water treatment techniques i.e. adsorption and photo-catalytic degradation by using silver phosphate. The materials were characterized using structural (e.g. EDX, FTIR and XRD), and morphological such as BET, and SEM analytical methods. The percentage of elimination of SMX at optimum solution pH, adsorbent dose, initial drug concentration and equilibrium time, was 95.15% by adsorption which corresponds to a maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) of 1299.7 mg g− 1 and the removal percentage of SMX was 98.2% according to the photocatalytic degradation with Qmax= 994.7 mg g− 1. Langmuir-Freundlich isotherms model is the best to describe the photo-degradation of SMX onto silver phosphate and Fritz Schlunder model is the best to describe the adsorption of SMX onto silver phosphate .
Internal Solitary Wave Generation Using A Jet-Array Wavemaker
Authors: Chu Jen-Ping , Lynett Patrick , Luhar Mitul
Published: November 2024

This paper evaluates the experimental generation of internal solitary waves (ISWs) in a miscible two-layer system with a free surface using a jet-array wavemaker (JAW). Unlike traditional gate-release experiments, the JAW system generates ISWs by forcing a prescribed vertical distribution of mass flux. Experiments examine three different layer-depth ratios, with ISW amplitudes up to the maximum allowed by the extended Korteweg-de Vries (eKdV) solution.
Phase speeds and wave profiles are captured via planar laser-induced fluorescence and the velocity field is measured synchronously using particle imaging velocimetry. Measured properties are directly compared with the eKdV predictions. As expected, small- and intermediate-amplitude waves match well with the corresponding eKdV solutions, with errors in amplitude and phase speed below 10%. For large waves with amplitudes approaching the maximum allowed by the eKdV solution, the phase speed and the velocity profiles resemble the eKdV solution while the wave profiles are distorted following the trough. This can potentially be attributed to Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities forming at the pycnocline. Larger errors are generally observed when the local Richardson number at the JAW inlet exceeds the threshold for instability.
Enhanced Action Recognition through Deep Spatiotemporal Learning Using 3D CNN and GRU
Authors: Bansal Neha , Bansal Atul , Gupta Manish
Published: November 2024

The issues revolve around efficiently analyzing large video data streams while minimizing computer complexity and performing processing in real-time. On the other hand, it becomes more difficult to quickly react to unusual actions because of this. Also, smart homes, security systems, assisted living facilities, and health monitoring might all benefit from the ability to recognize events from video sequences. The techniques used to analyse data are still under constant scrutiny, even if sensing technology has advanced, especially with respect to 3D video. By combining 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) with gated recurrent units (GRU), we have created a new method for learning spatiotemporal features in movies. We found that 3D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) acquire spatiotemporal information better than 2D CNNs using the UCF50 dataset. Using smaller 3x3x3 convolution kernels in a uniform design also improves performance. Furthermore, we found that 3D CNN with GRU integrated yields better accuracy than 3D CNN alone. The results show that GRU outperforms LSTM in terms of accuracy (89.89%) and calculation time (less than LSTM) when compared.
Hemozoin: a waste product after heme detoxification?
Authors: Sun Jun , Qin Xixi , Si Wenwen , Wang Fei , Li Yanna , Yan Xiaoli
Published: November 2024

Hemozoin is consider a waste byproduct of heme detoxification following hemoglobin digestion; consequently, the biological functions of hemozoin in hemozoin-producing organisms have often been overlooked. However, recent findings indicate that schistosoma hemozoin facilitates the transfer of iron from erythrocytes to eggs through its formation and degradation, thereby increasing interest in the role of malarial hemozoin. In this study, we compared the formation of schistosoma hemozoin and malaria hemozoin using transmission electron microscopy, which suggests why the trophozoite stage cannot eliminate hemozoin. Additionally, through transcriptome analysis of different stages of P. falciparum 3D7WT and P. falciparum 3D7C580Y- where the latter serves as a control with lower hemozoin production-we found that both exhibit similar expression patterns in genes related to DNA synthesis, iron, and heme utilization. Notably, during the trophozoite stage, expression levels of these genes in P. falciparum 3D7WT are higher than in P. falciparum 3D7C580Y, whereas during the schizont stage, they are lower. These results suggest that when P. falciparum 3D7 utilizes more heme and iron, it produces less hemozoin, whereas when it utilizes less heme and iron, it produces more hemozoin. Interrupting heme utilization and destructing hemozoin aggregation can result in parasite death. Additionally, the hemozoin released by schizonts can impair macrophage functions, or it is carried by gametocytes into the next host without being discharged as waste, suggesting that the release of malaria hemozoin protects merozoites from phagocytosis, and its transfer to the next host may fulfill the requirements for iron and heme during their development in mosquitoes.
Comparative susceptibility of wild and laboratory-reared Aedes and Anopheles larvae to Ivermectin®
Authors: OUEDRAOGO Cheick Oumar W. , SOME Fabrice A. , SAGNA Andre B. , SOUGUE Emmanuel , SOMA Dieudonné D. , NDIAYE Mady , COULIBALY Fangala Hamidou , POODA Sié H. , ZELA Lamidi , ROBERGE Christophe , NIANG El Hadji A. , MOULINE Karine , DABIRE Roch K.
Published: November 2024

Background
Administering ivermectin to humans and livestock renders their blood toxic for mosquitoes like Anopheles and Aedes, offering a promising approach for controlling these vectors. However, the impact of such treatment on larval stages exposed to the drug through contaminated breeding sites is not fully understood. This study looked at how ivermectin affects the development of Aedes and Anopheles larvae.
Methods
We exposed 4 instars laboratory-reared (An. gambiae Kisumu and Ae. aegypti Bora Bora) and wild-derived (An. coluzzii VK5 and Ae. aegypti Bobo) larvae to ivermectin-medium containing the molecule at concentrations ranging from 0 to 100 ng/ml for 24h, then transferred surviving larvae into ivermectin-free medium to monitor development until adult stage and female fecundity. Parameters measured were: larval survival, pupation dynamics, teneral emergence rates, and fecundity of the adult females in terms of numbers of eggs developed and laid. Two independent experiments were performed, each with four biological replicates. Data obtained for each life history parameter were compared between treatments to characterize ivermectin effects.
Results
Data indicated that highest ivermectin concentrations (100, 75, and 50 ng/ml) reduced larval survival by over 50% within 24 to 48 hours post-exposure, with varying effects across different strains. Wild-derived larvae showed lower susceptibility to ivermectin compared to laboratory larvae for both Anopheles and Aedes species. The concentrations leading to 50% larval mortality (4-day-LC50) were 3.65 and 1.86 ng/ml for Anopheles VK5 and Kisumu strains, and 15.60 and 2.56 ng/ml for Aedes Bobo and Bora Bora strains, respectively. Notably, while high concentrations severely impacted larval development, low concentration (1 ng/ml) appear to be a sublethal concentration and allowed for adult emergence. No significant effects on the number of laid eggs were observed across the different strains.
Conclusion
Overall, these data showed how development parameters of lab-raised and wild-derived Anopheles and Aedes larvae are affected differently by ivermectin, highlighting potential implications for vector control strategies and ecological concerns regarding non-target organisms and environment persistence. Further investigations are planned to understand existing mechanisms allowing wild-derived larvae to better survive than laboratory ones despite the presence of ivermectin in their breeding environment.
Rapid Sintering of High-efficiency Phosphor-in-Glass Films for Laser-driven Light Source
Authors: Wang Yuansheng , Wang Pengfei , Lin Hang , Chen Guoxin , Weng Weitong , Xu Yue , Lin Yi , Xu Ju , Cheng Yao
Published: November 2024

The advanced high-power-density laser-driven light source calls for all-inorganic phosphor-in-glass film (PiGF) composite as color converter to deal with the issues of durability and color tunability. One challenge remains for the PiGF is the thermal erosion and degradation of phosphor, as harsh condition or long duration time is required to densify the film for conventional sintering. With this regard, herein we develop a rapid thermal annealing (RTA) technique to prepare PiGF, attaining a high densification extent (porosity < 3%) by infrared annealing within seconds. A trivial interfacial reaction is detected, leading to almost intact phosphor particles and thus restrained luminous loss. Exemplified by the red-emitting Sr0.8Ca0.2AlSiN3:Eu2+ (SCASN:Eu), a record 91.2% internal quantum efficiency (IQE) in the RTA-processed PiGF and a remarkable luminous flux (LF) of 2379 lm and luminous efficacy (LE) of 140 lm/W can be achieved in the PiGF-based phosphor wheel. RTA reduces energy consumption and enables high-throughput sample screening. This preparation strategy also features material universality and design flexibility, hopefully exploring new opto-functional materials and applications.
Efficacy and Safety of Low-Dose Interleukin 2 for Behçet’s Syndrome: a phase 2 randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Tian Liu , Zhou Wenyan , Zhu Yan , Xia Weiyi , Chen Jiali , Xiao Xian , Huang Bo , Feng Ruiling , Yao Haihong , Chen Shi , Zhang Xiaoying , Shao Miao , Li Chun , Jia Yuan , Miao Miao , Jin Yuebo , Li Xue , Zhang Xia , Zhou Yunshan , Li Ru , Zhang Xuewu , Su Yin , Liu Huixin , Li Jing , Hu Fanlei , Guo Jianping , Sun Xiaolin , He Jing , Li Zhanguo
Published: November 2024

Behçet’s syndrome (BS), a chronic relapsing systemic vasculitis, leads to recurrent oral aphthous ulcers, severely impacting quality of life. We conducted a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Low-dose interleukin-2 (LD-IL-2) in BS patients. We randomly assigned BS patients (aged 18 to 70 years) with active oral ulcers to receive LD-IL-2 or placebo for 12 weeks (1:1 ratio). The primary endpoint was the oral ulcer count at week 12. Secondary endpoints included the changes in oral ulcer pain (100-mm VAS), overall disease activity and quality of life, genital ulcer count, and complete oral ulcer response rates, along with the change of CD4 + T cell subsets. A total of 60 randomly assigned participants received at least one dose of LD-IL-2 or placebo and 51 completed the trial. The mean number of oral ulcers at week 12 was significantly lower in the LD-IL-2 group than in the placebo group (0.69 ± 1.05 vs. 1.57 ± 0.90, P = 0.001). There were great reductions in oral ulcer pain, the Behçet’s Syndrome Activity Score, the Behcet's Disease Current Activity Index score as well as the Behçet’s Disease Quality of Life scale score in the LD-IL-2 group compared to the placebo group at week 12. No infections or severe adverse events were observed in either group. LD-IL-2 expanded regulatory T cells (Tregs) and decreased the ratio of effector T cell (Teff) to Tregs. LD-IL-2 therapy is an effective and safe treatment in BS patients and is associated with the modulation of Treg and Teffcells.ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT04065672.
Developing serum proteomics based prediction models of disease progression in ADPKD
Authors: Muller Roman-Ulrich , Balaban Hande Aydogan , Arjune Sita , Grundmann Franziska , Lackmann Jan-Wilm , Antczak Philipp
Published: November 2024

Background: Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is the most common genetic cause of kidney failure. Outcome prediction is essential to guide therapeutic decisions. However, currently available models are of limited accuracy. We aimed to examine the potential of serum proteomics for improved risk stratification in ADPKD.
Methods: We analyzed the serum proteome of the Screening Cohort (257 patients) using a semi-automated mass spectrometry pipeline and developed models predicting eGFR slope. These models were validated on the Internal/Temporal Cohort (466 patients) and the External Cohort (221 patients). Model performance was assessed by comparing predicted with observed eGFR slopes and compared to imaging- and clinical data based models (e.g. Mayo Imaging Classification (MIC)). Functional implications were explored using gene ontology and pathway analyses.
Findings: 398 proteins were identified in the Screening Cohort and a subset of 29 proteins was significantly associated with eGFR slope. Using LASSO-based selection resulted in an optimal protein-based linear prediction model containing six proteins (adjusted R² 0·31). This protein-based model outperformed the Clinical and MIC Models. Combining both molecular and clinical variables further increased the explained variance (adjusted R² 0·34). Predictive value was maintained in the Internal/Temporal Cohort. Also, the models - even though with reduced accuracy - still showed predictive capacity when using EDTA-plasma instead of serum in the External Cohort. Functional enrichment performed on the eGFR slope associated proteins revealed overrepresentation of GO:BP terms related to immune response, lipoprotein levels, metabolic processes and transport.
Interpretation: Proteomics is a powerful tool to improve outcome prediction in ADPKD. Importantly, the analyses showed clear added value when combined with currently existing models. Besides, such data harbor valuable information on biological processes associated with disease progression. It will now be important to move towards targeted validation in a prospective study.
Funding: Ministry of Science North Rhine-Westphalia, German Research Foundation
From Field to Plate: the Chain of Operation in Maroon Rice Cultivation in Suriname and French Guiana
Authors: Pinas Nicholaas Milliano , de Loosdrecht Marieke van , Schranz Eric , Andel Tinde van , Maat Harro
Published: November 2024

Maroons, descendants of enslaved Africans who escaped slavery between 1650 and 1863 in Suriname, have a unique rice farming system. Rice is one of their main staple crops, but although previously framed as primitive and destructive, Maroon agriculture has never been studied in detail. Here we analyze the chain of operation of Maroon rice farming, the sequence of activities instrumental in reaching a desired goal, rice production. We interviewed Maroon 99 farmers and collected rice varieties from 106 farmers. We asked about their personal and cultural motivations to cultivate rice, their varieties, how they obtained them, the sequence of farming activities, and the role of men, women, and adolescents during these activities. The operation chain is complex and differs slightly among communities and the areas where they reside. Practices are influenced by seasonality, local environmental conditions, personal conditions, religion, and ethnicity. In Maroon rice farming, the main goal is to maintain food security, sovereignty, and cultural identity, not only in the short term but also in the distant future. As such, our results contrast with previous research that has described Maroon farming practices as inferior, static, and lacking ecological connection to the land.
Feasibility study of electricity generation from grey water in high-rise buildings using different types of turbines.
Authors: Gowtham Sivasubramaniam , Atul Gopika Chincholi , M Uma Shankar
Published: November 2024

The use of energy harvesting caters to sustainable alternatives; to limit the dependency on non-renewable resources. Energy harvesting from high-rise buildings using sustainable means is gaining attention in recent research. Particularly taking into consideration, high-rise buildings in high-density urban environments, where energy modelling as been a case of extreme caution for the depleting water resources. Therefore, significance into rationalizing solutions for the problem created, should be of immediate concern and need. The paper incorporates, the feasibility of using different types of turbines to generate electricity from grey water in high raised buildings. An experimental study is carried out to simulate the scenario of a high-rise building and the best suited turbine is finalized by - energy output measurement and its commercial advantage based on the Indian scenario. A scaled down 3-d printed model is fabricated into mechanism constructed, to generate electricity. The method of dimensional analysis is used to relate to the scaled-up assembly of the turbines to hence correlate the results obtained. An additional design optimization of the turbines is also conducted suite the needs of the actual set-up.
Photobiomodulation in the Treatment of Pulmonary Fibrosis After Covid-19: A Prospective Study
Authors: Pereira Pâmela Camila , de Lima Carlos José , Villaverde Antonio Balbin , Fernandes Adriana Barrinha , Zângaro Renato Amaro
Published: November 2024

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a frequent long-term complication in post-COVID-19 patients, reducing lung capacity, unblocking pro-fibrotic cells and leading to lung scarring. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a promising technique in reducing inflammation and cytokine storm and is strongly indicated for post-COVID-19 patients to improve cardiopulmonary functions and reduce respiratory distress. Objective: To verify the efficacy of PBM in association with physical therapy rehabilitation in patients with post-COVID-19 PF. Materials and Methods. The cohort consisted of 30 patients undergoing treatment for COVID-19, distributed into three groups of 10 patients: PBM1, PBM2 and Sham. PBM used a vest containing 300 LEDs (l=940nm) distributed in 2088 cm², with a total optical power of 6 W, which was positioned over the thoracoabdominal region. Physiotherapy care was performed twice a week for 6 weeks, with FBM previously applied for 15 minutes. Pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary conditioning, dyspnea on exertion and SpO2% were assessed. Statistical analysis used two unpaired Student's t-tests, tailed with p<0.05. Results: Regarding MIP, MEP and FEV1, it was observed that the FBM1 group showed a statistically significant improvement in pulmonary recovery in relation to the FBM2 group, for the three variables. The analysis of lung capacity for the 6MWT (6-Minute Walk Test), FBM1 vs FBM2 and FBM1 vs Sham showed a statistical difference with p<0.001. Conclusion: FBM in association with cardiopulmonary rehabilitation after COVID-19 was extremely relevant for the recovery of pulmonary function in patients affected by PF.
Noncompliance with self-care behavior and associated factors among adult patients with heart failure in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Aytenew Tigabu Munye , Birhane Binyam Minuye , Kebede Solomon Demis , Asferie Worku Necho , Kassaw Amare , Asnakew Sintayehu , Ejigu Netsanet , Legas Getasew , Munie Birhanu Mengist , Zeleke Shegaw , Tiruneh Yenework Mulu
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Heart failure is a major public health concern and a leading cause of death among adults and elderly individuals worldwide. In Ethiopia, more than one-third of heart failure patients die annually. Although several primary studies have been conducted to determine the prevalence of noncompliance with self-care behavior among adult patients with heart failure in Ethiopia, these studies have reported different findings. Consequently, this study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of noncompliance with self-care behavior among patients with heart failure in Ethiopia. Methods: Searches were performed on the Google Scholar search engine, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases for relevant studies. A random-effects DerSimonian-Laird model was used to calculate the pooled prevalence of noncompliance with self-care behavior. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed to control marked heterogeneity, and a funnel plot was used to assess publication bias. Results: A total of 17 primary studies with a sample size of 5,528 participants were included in the final meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of noncompliance with self-care behavior among adult patients with heart failure was 59.70% (95% CI: 54.08, 65.32); I2 = 95.00%; P < 0.001). Comorbidities [AOR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.88, 3.07]; depression [AOR = 2.70, 95% CI: 1.76, 4.14]; educational level (primary school or lower) [AOR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.28, 2.30]; and poor social support [AOR = 2.77, 95% CI: 1.53, 5.03] were significantly associated with noncompliance with self-care behavior. Conclusions: The pooled prevalence of noncompliance with self-care behavior among heart failure patients was considerably high in Ethiopia. Comorbidities, depression, educational level (primary school or lower), and poor social support were the pooled independent predictors of noncompliance with self-care behavior in Ethiopia. Therefore, special attention should be given to patients with these identified risk factors. Moreover, healthcare providers should encourage heart failure patients to comply with all the recommended components of self-care behavior.
First reported case of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) caused by Fereydounia khargensis in an End-stage kidney disease patient
Authors: Zhang Qiuying , Xie Mingshui , Liu Yang , Chen Dandan , Xie Wenhang , Zhang Min , Zhou Lunhuan , Hu Zhimin
Published: November 2024

F. khargensis is a yeast and was first described in 2014 from environmental samples. F. khargensis belongs to the genus Fereydounia that grows as a yeast, was first identified in East Asia. The basidiomycetous yeast Fereydounia khargensis is recorded for the first time from living plants and in East Asia. Phylogenetic analysis indicates a relationship with smut fungi belonging to the order Urocystidales, where the monotypic Fereydouniaceae and the monogeneric Doassansiopsidaceae form the two most basal clades. In culture, this fungus produced cylindrical cells that reproduced by polar budding on short stalks. Production of ballistoconidia and blastospores was observed.
Dynamic Polyvariant Heuristics for Autonomous Ransomware Detection
Authors: Boughton Graeme , Hughes Florence , Ward Lucas , Carter Alexander
Published: November 2024

The escalating frequency and sophistication of ransomware attacks necessitate innovative detection methodologies. Traditional signature-based systems often falter against novel and polymorphic ransomware strains. Dynamic Polyvariant Heuristics (DPH) emerges as a novel approach, integrating dynamic analysis with machine learning to enhance detection capabilities. DPH systematically monitors system behaviors, extracting features indicative of ransomware activity, such as anomalous file modifications and network communications. These features inform machine learning classifiers trained on diverse datasets, enabling the identification of both known and emerging ransomware variants. Empirical evaluations demonstrate DPH's high detection accuracy, low false positive rates, and rapid response times, showing its potential for real-time threat mitigation. The system's adaptability to evolving ransomware tactics further highlights its robustness. Comparative analyses reveal DPH's superiority over existing detection methods, particularly in handling zero-day attacks. The integration of adaptive learning components allows continuous model updates, maintaining efficacy against emerging threats. These findings suggest that DPH offers a significant advancement in ransomware detection methodologies, contributing to the broader field of cybersecurity.
Comparing Learning Outcomes between Traditional Classroom Teaching and Online Learning Environments in Programming Education
Authors: Kouam Arthur William Fodouop
Published: November 2024

We employed a mixed-methods approach to investigate the learning outcomes in programming education, comparing traditional classroom instruction with online learning settings. The study examines the educational achievement, contentment levels, and involvement of 120 engineering students at a university in Northern France by integrating quantitative and qualitative data. The findings reveal significant correlations between the demographic characteristics of students and their level of interaction with teachers in both settings. Moreover, the study emphasizes a substantial discrepancy in understanding programming concepts between traditional classrooms and online learning environments. The thematic analysis elucidates each educational environment's merits (supervision, interaction) and drawbacks (a lack of follow-up). This research contributes to the existing information by providing novel insights into programming instruction. It emphasizes the importance of personalized support and instructional improvements to optimize student engagement and academic accomplishments. The findings have practical implications that can aid educators, policymakers, and curriculum creators in enhancing programming instruction for students' achievement. Further research should explore other variables influencing student accomplishment to fully understand the learning outcomes in programming education.
ESG Implications: Examining the Impact of Security Analysts' Coverage on Corporate Greenwashing Practices
Authors: Kouam Arthur William Fodouop
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the influence of security analysts' coverage on corporate greenwashing practices, a critical and underexplored area in the sustainability discourse. While previous research predominantly focused on regulatory and institutional mechanisms to combat greenwashing, this study emphasizes the unique role of security analysts as external governance mechanisms that can enhance corporate accountability. Analyzing empirical data across various industries reveals a significant negative relationship between analyst coverage and the prevalence and severity of greenwashing. High levels of security analysts' scrutiny correlate with improved sustainability practices, exceeding mere regulatory compliance and serving as a deterrent against misleading environmental claims. This research contributes original insights to the literature by integrating the dynamics of security analysts into the understanding of corporate governance and environmental responsibility. It highlights the need for organizations to engage proactively with analysts and fosters transparency in sustainability reporting. The implications of this study extend to policymakers and industry practitioners, suggesting that strengthening analyst coverage can support genuine sustainability efforts and enhance investor confidence. Overall, this study enriches the discourse on sustainability governance by illuminating market influencers' pivotal role in reshaping corporate behavior toward greater environmental integrity.
DFT Insights and molecular docking studies of new Hydrazino Schiff Bases as Potential Inhibitors Against SARS-CoV-19
Authors: Joshi Rachana
Published: November 2024

Three new Schiff bases derived from 1,2,4-triazole were synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H and 13C-NMR and UV–Vis studies. DFT based quantum chemical calculation have been performed at B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)/Def2-SVP(Sn) level of theory in order to get optimized geometry and electronic structure of the studied azomethines. The assignment and the nature of the electronic transitions observed in the UV–visible spectra were analysed using time-dependent calculations. HOMO→LUMO electronic transition are assigned to π→π* transition that is responsible for charge transfer spectra. The effectiveness of the compounds was discussed using molecular docking against SARS-CoV-2 target proteins, with compound 3 showing the most effective interaction with the target spike protein, with a binding energy of -8.66 kcal/mol. Results confirmed the inflexible nature of the docked compounds. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET), as well as bioactivity prediction confirmed the pharmaceutical activities of the lead compound. Findings of this research might help scientists to optimize compatible drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 patients.
“Bupe by the Book”: A study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial of library-facilitated telehealth to increase buprenorphine treatment among unstably housed individuals
Authors: Urada Lianne A. , Marienfeld Carla , Partch Megan , Garfein Richard S. , Strathdee Steffanie A. , Nicholls Melanie J. , Weitensteiner Ashley , Zuniga Maria Luisa , Davidson Peter , Pitpitan Eileen
Published: November 2024

Background:Accessing opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment is difficult for individuals in unstable housing. This population often uses public libraries for computer and internet access, which could provide telehealth access to OUD treatment. Therefore, we developed a novel 12-week library-facilitated telehealth intervention study called "Bupe by the Book" (BBB), which uses library resources to facilitate the initiation and retention of OUD treatment with buprenorphine.
Methods:This study involved a partnership between the San Diego Public Library and a federally qualified healthcare center attached to a homeless shelter (Father Joe's Villages (FJV) Village Health Center). We codesigned a pilot randomized controlled trial to evaluate a library-facilitated telehealth intervention in San Diego, California. We evaluated the intervention for its feasibility and acceptability and to obtain an estimate of the effect of the intervention on buprenorphine treatment outcomes. Individuals reporting homelessness and OUD (with or without other substance use) were eligible. Forty library patrons were recruited via flyers, screened for eligibility, and referred to the FJV Health Center for initial buprenorphine treatment intake visits. Participants who completed intake were enrolled and randomized to the library-facilitated telehealth condition, which involved the use of library internet and computer resources for follow-up visits to the clinic for buprenorphine treatment. The participants completed treatment follow-up in person or by phone in the control condition. Planned analyses (not powered to assess efficacy) will provide effect size estimates of the library-facilitated telehealth intervention on 1) buprenorphine use (measured in weekly urine drug screenings), 2) use of illicitly manufactured fentanyl (IMF) and other opioids (measured in weekly urine drug screens), 3) number of buprenorphine prescription pick-ups, 4) number and frequency of clinic visits, and 5) self-reported substance use, mental health, and quality of life measures at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks.
Discussion:
The findings from this pilot study may support the adoption of library-facilitated telehealth treatment as a feasible and acceptable strategy to engage and retain unstably housed people with OUD in buprenorphine treatment. The lessons from this pilot study include the importance of community‒academic partnerships in sustainably adapting interventions in community-based settings.
Trial registration: This trial was registered prospectively at ClinicalTrials.gov (registration number NCT05872386) on May 24, 2023.
Deception-Based Data Protection Using Multifile Encryption and Honey Diffusion
Authors: Sudarsan Bharadwaj , S Sandeep , Pugalendhi Ganeshkumar
Published: November 2024

The importance of encryption algorithms has greatly increased as an increasing amount of communication and storage are becoming digital. Typical encryption algorithms operate by encrypting a file or message with a key which is distributed to trusted parties. However, if a malicious or untrustworthy individual is able to discover the key, any data protected by these algorithms becomes compromised. To address this, deception-based algorithms have been suggested, where false or meaningless data is mixed together with real data so that malicious parties will be unable to determine whether any data they have managed to obtain is legitimate. In this paper, we present two novel deception-based algorithms, each designed to address the other's limitations. The first algorithm uses a multifile encryption algorithm that merges multiple files, each with their own key, into a single generator file that outputs one of the original files when given their corresponding password. The second algorithm, Honey Diffusion, uses a diffusion model that generates a near-exact replica of the real data when given the correct password, and similar but distinct data when given an incorrect password. We also demonstrate some use cases of these algorithms.
Examining the Influence of Personalization in Subscription-Based Crowdfunding: A Longitudinal Online Experimental Vignette Study
Authors:   , Joers Rizana
Published: November 2024

Retaining subscribers can be a challenging task. Subscription-based crowdfunding (SBC) differs from traditional crowdfunding with a specific focus on the creator (i.e., a subject) instead of a product or project (i.e., an object). Consequently, creators must engage in additional work to ensure their regular financial income. With effective retention and interaction strategies, creators can prevent the time-consuming acquisition of new subscribers while satisfying subscribers’ social needs. While previous research has highlighted the importance of subscriber retention, little attention has been paid to the concrete implementation of specific strategies. This master’s thesis examines whether personalized communication can influence subscriber loyalty and disclosure of personal information by increasing personal relevance. A longitudinal online experimental vignette study was conducted, which included a preparation survey and seven daily surveys. The data analysis consisted of two parts: crosscase analysis for each survey separately and longitudinal analysis to examine changes over time. The results indicated that personalization could help maintain subscriber loyalty and disclosure of personal information. Over time, differences in growth and initial values among individuals have been observed. This thesis may provide practical implications for creators and SBC platforms regarding the effects of different levels of personalization, in addition to its theoretical contributions to SBC research regarding interaction and retention strategies.
Critical Factors for SMEs’ Business Sustainability through the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Setiawati Rini , Mastarida Friska
Published: November 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought profound changes in the global economy, altering the dynamics between nature, people, government, and business. This transformation has particularly impacted Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). As vital contributors to the distribution of wealth and the foundation of numerous businesses worldwide, SMEs face various challenges in sustaining their operations in today’s competitive and globalized economy. The research aimed to explore the factors influencing the sustainability of SMEs from the Resource-Advantage Theory of Competition (RAToC) perspective. It applied a qualitative research through bibliometric analysis using Visualization of Similarities (VOS) viewer software with Scopus data from 2019 to 2023 and resulted in 560 relevant articles. The literature review reveals that successful SMEs in the post-COVID-19 era are capable of addressing challenges through innovation, adaptability, flexibility, and resource integration with a commitment to social responsibility. The keys to their success are the adept embrace of technological advancements, responsiveness to market changes, proactive seizing of new opportunities, and the cultivation of stakeholder engagement alongside prudent risk management. The research not only provides a nuanced understanding of dynamic strategies, but also offers profound insights into essential attributes, positioning SMEs to succeed within the continually evolving post-pandemic landscape. Therefore, it ensures their resilience and sustained growth in the future.
LABORATORY ELECTROCHEMISTRY “MYSTERY BOX”: FROM PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ OBSERVATIONS TO INFERENCES THROUGH PREDICT-OBSERVE-EXPLAIN STRATEGY
Authors: Morais Carla , André Cidália , Alves Joana , Girotto Jr. Gildo
Published: November 2024

Given the challenges associated with understanding electrochemistry content by engaging in prediction, observation, and explanation,
laboratory activities can foster active participation and critical thinking, enabling individuals to proactively confront and revise their
understanding. Since pre-service teachers should gain firsthand experience with predict-observe-based on a predict-observe-explain
strategy, we propose a laboratory activity presented as a “mystery box” related to concentration cells coupled with an Arduino-based
electronic data measurement system to identify how pre-service chemistry teachers move from observations to inferences in a
qualitative research. Data was collected by written records and oral explanations during the practical interactions. Results suggest that
the proposed laboratory activity allows pre-service chemistry teachers to access data and correct inferences related to electrochemistry
content, promoting critical thinking. Data also showed a connection between the macroscopic and symbolic domains, and pre-service
teachers recognized concepts associated with the activity, such as solution conductivity and the potential difference in chemical
reactions, interpreting the system with prior knowledge, like electron flow direction and concentration cell components. However,
additional strategies are needed for detailed and consistent observation and inference recording, enhancing the potential of such
activities in favoring electrochemistry education in high schools.
Development of an accessible analytical model for small-volume feces composting
Authors: Cotera Rivera Pablo , Bilton Amy M.
Published: November 2024

Developing small-volume composting systems can help improve sustainable sanitation and waste management at a household scale in constrained environments. In this work, an accessible analytical model that describes the container-based composting process is presented. The model focuses on the compost temperature as the main process parameter and was validated with an initial experiment and then used as a simulation tool for scaling a compost reactor with a mixture of feces and sawdust commonly found in dry toilets. Following literature thresholds for pathogen inactivation, the compost in the second experiment surpassed the required temperatures of 55 °C for more than 3 days. This work demonstrates that pathogen-inactivation temperatures can be achieved for a self-heating, container-based compost system at a household scale with a minimal experimental setup. Furthermore, the process can be described with an accessible analytical model that ensures ease of replication even in constrained environments.
Divergência genética em acessos de melão utilizando redes neurais artificiais
Authors:   , Melo Stefeson Bezerra de
Published: November 2024

O meloeiro (Cucumis melo L.) é uma espécie de grande importância econômica para o nordeste brasileiro, em especial no agropólo Mossoró-Assú. O estudo da divergência genética possibilita uma seleção preliminar de indivíduos com características superiores para obtenção de híbridos com maior efeito heterótico para serem introduzidos em programas de melhoramento genético. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a divergência genética entre 46 acessos de meloeiro para 22 variáveis quantitativas físico-químicas e morfoagronômicas, avaliados por meio da aplicação das técnicas de Redes Neurais Artificiais. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos na Horta Experimental do Departamento de Ciências Vegetais da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-árido - UFERSA, no município de Mossoró, Estado do Rio do Grande do Norte, nos períodos de 12/09/2006 a 5/12/2006 e de 15/08/2007 a 17/10/2007. Por meio das técnicas de Redes Neurais Artificiais, verificou-se a formação de quatro grupos para ambos os experimentos, como também para a média dos dois anos. Analisando os grupos constituídos das médias de 2006 e 2007. Em todos os grupos as variáveis do fruto foram as que obtiveram as maiores dispersões. Uma análise de discriminante foi utilizada para verificar a consistência dos grupos formados e observou-se que considerando as 22 variáveis houve 100% de acerto, isto é, para a função discriminante todos os acessos foram classificados corretamente. Adicionalmente também foi observada as distâncias entres os grupos, e o grupo 1 foi significativamente distante de todos os outros grupos, porém mais distante, geneticamente, do grupo 3. O grupo 2 é divergente em relação ao grupo 3 e similar ao grupo 4. O grupo 3 apresenta similaridade em relação ao grupo 4. E desta forma sugerimos possíveis cruzamentos entre os acessos 2, 13, 15, 16, 17, 27, 33, 36, 40, 43, 46 que seriam os mais promissores para novas populações de trabalho. As redes neurais artificiais se mostraram viáveis como método da análise da divergência genética no meloeiro e foi encontrada divergência genética para todos os grupos estudados, e com isso pode-se obter novos cruzamentos com o intuito de obter populações melhoradas