bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutrient-Sensitive Reinforcement Learning in Monkeys
Authors: Huang Fei-Yang , Grabenhorst Fabian
Published: January 2023

In reinforcement learning (RL), animals choose by assigning values to options and learn by updating these values from reward outcomes. This framework has been instrumental in identifying fundamental learning variables and their neuronal implementations. However, canonical RL models do not explain how reward values are constructed from biologically critical intrinsic reward components, such as nutrients. From an ecological perspective, animals should adapt their foraging choices in dynamic environments to acquire nutrients that are essential for survival. Here, to advance the biological and ecological validity of RL models, we investigated how (male) monkeys adapt their choices to obtain preferred nutrient rewards under varying reward probabilities. We found that the nutrient composition of rewards strongly influenced learning and choices. Preferences of the animals for specific nutrients (sugar, fat) affected how they adapted to changing reward probabilities; the history of recent rewards influenced choices of the monkeys more strongly if these rewards contained the their preferred nutrients (nutrient-specific reward history). The monkeys also chose preferred nutrients even when they were associated with lower reward probability. A nutrient-sensitive RL model captured these processes; it updated the values of individual sugar and fat components of expected rewards based on experience and integrated them into subjective values that explained the choices of the monkeys. Nutrient-specific reward prediction errors guided this value-updating process. Our results identify nutrients as important reward components that guide learning and choice by influencing the subjective value of choice options. Extending RL models with nutrient-value functions may enhance their biological validity and uncover nutrient-specific learning and decision variables.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRL is an influential framework that formalizes how animals learn from experienced rewards. Although reward is a foundational concept in RL theory, canonical RL models cannot explain how learning depends on specific reward properties, such as nutrients. Intuitively, learning should be sensitive to the nutrient components of the reward to benefit health and survival. Here, we show that the nutrient (fat, sugar) composition of rewards affects how the monkeys choose and learn in an RL paradigm and that key learning variables including reward history and reward prediction error should be modified with nutrient-specific components to account for the choice behavior observed in the monkeys. By incorporating biologically critical nutrient rewards into the RL framework, our findings help advance the ecological validity of RL models.
From Cancer Microenvironment to Myofibroblasts
Authors: Cervantes-Valencia Jesus Lizbeth , Kao Robert M.
Published: January 2023

One of the important mechanisms in cancer cell metastasis is the cellular function of a specific cell type called myofibroblast cells. Myofibroblast cells are unique cell types that play an important role in the cancer cell microenvironment. As a step toward integrating the latest peer-reviewed cancer research findings into a general biology remote learning setting, we developed an innovative guest speaker talk to engage first-year undergraduates to develop a prediction on tumor microenvironment. In our article, we describe integrated remote approaches using Jamboard and reflective mentoring to validate and reflect on undergraduate team responses within an inclusive and equitable framework. These teaching and mentoring strategies provide a framework for senior undergraduates to be transformative role model scholars that inspire the next generation of Latinx and Native American undergraduates in important topics related to health and environment and the process of science for general biology undergraduates.
The Continuum of Eco-Anxiety Responses: A Preliminary Investigation of Its Nomological Network
Authors: Lutz Paul K. , Passmore Holl-Anne , Howell Andrew J. , Zelenski John M. , Yang Ying , Richardson Miles
Published: January 2023

In the face of mounting environmental issues, people around the world are reporting the experience of difficult emotions such as anxiety and worry, or what is increasingly referred to as eco-anxiety. It is often acknowledged that symptoms of eco-anxiety can range in severity or fall along a continuum. Such a proposition has important implications, as it may help to explain why some forms of eco-anxiety are more mal(adaptive) than others. In five studies (Total N = 2939) across three countries (Canada, China, United Kingdom), we examined how measures that may encompass a continuum of environment-related worry and anxiety were associated with each other and with measures of environmental concern, an older concept that may capture the less severe end of eco-anxiety responses. We also explored if these various measures were differentially linked to aspects of mental health and a pro-environmental orientation. Results revealed that measures of eco-anxiety and environmental concern were often moderately-strongly correlated. Eco-anxiety measures exhibited relatively consistent relationships with greater ill-being but mixed relationships with indices of well-being. There was some evidence of more severe eco-anxiety measures being associated with poorer mental health and environmental concern measures being associated with better mental health. Measures of both eco-anxiety and environmental concern evidenced larger and more consistent relationships with indices of a pro-environmental orientation, with the most severe eco-anxiety measure exhibiting some notably weaker relationships. Together, the present work provides preliminary insights into the nomological network of the continuum of eco-anxiety responses and its integration into future work on eco-anxiety.
the Effectiveness of the Rehabilitation Program on the ROM Articulatio Genu Post-Surgery Meniscus Menisectomy Patients at SPPOI Eminence Jakarta
Authors: Zahroh Isna Lailatuz , Firdyansyah Teddy , Khamdani Yazid Rizki
Published: January 2023

Meniscus tear is the second-highest knee injury after ligament injury. Post-surgery meniscus menisectomy is one of the acts performed when the meniscus is injured or torn. After surgery requires a beneficial rehabilitation program to restore knee function as previously required, minimize the risk of Osteoarthritis (OA) and prevent further imposition on the knee. The study is a quantitative experiment using purposive sampling with one group of pre-test post-test. Population all patient SPPOI Eminence. The sample 10 people with details of 7 men and 3 women. Average results of Flexi ROM Articulatio Genu pre-test 98,40o±5,19 with extension ROM Articulatio Genu pre-test 6,60o±1,65. Further, rehabilitation programs (composed of modality therapy, manual therapy, and strengthening) were given a result of flexion ROM Articulatio Genu post- test 135,40o±4,88 and extension ROM Articulatio Genu post-test 1,70o±1,41. Data analysis showed an increase in degrees of flexion 34o and a decrease in extension 4,90o. Complete the T- test with Paired Sample T-test value flexion ROM Articulatio Genu with P ≤ 0,05 and value extension ROM Articulatio Genu with P ≤ 0,05. The rehabilitation programs consisted of modality therapy, manual therapy, and strengthening is effective to increase Range of Motion of Articulatio Genu in SPPOI Eminence patient.
Differences in the Effect of Active Recovery Post Long Duration Interval Training towards Lactate in Young Men with Blood Type O and A
Authors: Bangsa Yohanes de la Cruz Gilang Putra , Arhab Abiyyu Bari
Published: January 2023

Accumulation of lactate in the blood can cause fatigue and decreased physical performance. Therefore, proper recovery after physical activity is needed. This study aims to determine the effect of long duration interval training (LDIT) and active recovery on blood lactate and to determine the difference in the decrease in lactate levels between blood groups O and A after active recovery. This research is included in comparative research. The independent variable in this study was active recovery, and the dependent variable in this study was blood lactate levels (mmol/L). The sample in this study was taken from the NFC Academy which has a population of 35 members. Sampling was done by purposive randomized sampling, and obtained 16 members who are declared eligible and willing to be the research sample. Then the sample was given LDIT physical activity and active recovery. Data analysis used the T-Test difference test with the help of SPSS 25 software. The results in this study showed a significant increase in blood lactate levels after doing LDIT exercise. After performing active recovery, lactate levels from both groups decreased significantly. It can be said that the two groups had no difference in the effect of active recovery after doing physical activity.
The Benefit of Milk Consumption on Athletes
Authors: Yudha Saddam Dwi Wira , Pamungkas Agung Yera Setyo , Purnamawati Az Zahra Asri , Andriansyah Muhamad , Rustiadi Tri
Published: January 2023

Milk provides nutrition for athletes both during training and during competition. Currently, many athletes are aware that drinking milk can improve athlete performance. Athletes must have knowledge of good nutrition. So that it can be applied in the lives of athletes. The purpose of this study was to find out what benefits can be obtained if athletes consume milk both during competition and training. The research methodology uses secondary data for the last 10 years from various library sources such as Google Scholar. The results of this study are milk can improve the performance of athletes both during matches and training. By consuming milk, the body's health can improve and the body's condition is more prime.
A preliminary screening system for diabetes based on in-car electronic nose
Authors: Weng Xiaohui , Li Gehong , Liu Ziwei , Liu Rui , Liu Zhaoyang , Wang Songyang , Zhao Shishun , Ma Xiaotong , Chang Zhiyong
Published: January 2023

Studies have found differences in the concentration of volatile organic compounds in the breath of diabetics and healthy people, prompting attention to the use of devices such as electronic noses to detect diabetes. In this study, we explored the design of a non-invasive diabetes preliminary screening system that uses a homemade electronic nose sensor array to detect respiratory gas markers. In the algorithm part, two feature extraction methods were adopted, gradient boosting method was used to select promising feature subset, and then particle swarm optimization algorithm was introduced to extract 24 most effective features, which reduces the number of sensors by 56% and saves the system cost. Respiratory samples were collected from 120 healthy subjects and 120 diabetic subjects to assess the system performance. Random forest algorithm was used to classify and predict electronic nose data, and the accuracy can reach 93.33%. Experimental results show that on the premise of ensuring accuracy, the system has low cost and small size after the number of sensors is optimized, and it is easy to install on in-car. It provides a more feasible method for the preliminary screening of diabetes on in-car and can be used as an assistant to the existing detection methods.
Incentives in Pediatric Research in Developing Countries: When Are They Too Much?
Authors: Khoo Erwin Jiayuan , Duenas Devan M. , Wilfond Benjamin S. , Gelinas Luke , Matheny Antommaria Armand H.
Published: January 2023

When incentives are offered to parents and their children to partake in research, there are concerns that parents may be unduly influenced by the incentives, and the children may be exploited. We present a case from a low- and middle-income country and consider the ethical issues that arise when the children are asked to participate in a multinational, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the effects of a nutritional supplement on growth. The first commenter, from Malaysia, notes that their residents might not share Americans’ expectations regarding children’s role in the consent process from a cultural perspective, which may alter the analysis of the concerns. The authors of the second commentary emphasize the use of incentives that benefit the child participant rather than their parent or are provided directly to the child participant to address the concerns. The third commentator discusses the importance of minimizing the study’s risks and balancing the benefits and the risks, which attenuates the concerns.
Comunicación cartográfica, cartología y el modelo de Ratajski
Authors: Siabato Willington , Triana-Zárate Gabriel
Published: January 2023

En este editorial se reseña el modelo de Ratajski (1977) porque, a pesar de todos los cambios tecnológicos involucrados en las técnicas de producción cartográfica, su visión del proceso de comunicación cartográfica, del mapa como elemento central de este proceso y de las interacciones entre la realidad, el emisor y el receptor, sigue vigente 45 años después de su publicación. El modelo cartográfico de Lech Ratajski y las relaciones (i) realidad observada - cartógrafo - mapa y (ii) mapa - usuario - realidad interpretada son conceptos que todo geógrafo y todo profesional relacionado con la composición cartográfica debería tener siempre presente en el desarrollo de su quehacer diario.
Territorio y materialismo histórico-geográfico: aproximaciones y nuevas perspectivas
Authors: Ceroni Acosta Mauricio Bruno
Published: January 2023

En la geografía marxista mundial, y en particular en Latinoamérica, existen muy pocos estudios que dan cuenta de un análisis profundo sobre la comprensión de la materialidad y su relación con el territorio; más bien son los análisis del espacio social los que han protagonizado los debates en la geografía crítica. El propósito de este artículo es indagar y reflexionar sobre el concepto de territorio dentro del materialismo histórico-geográfico, para contribuir al debate de un concepto clave en la geografía. Se partió de los principales autores referentes de la geografía marxista y se les analizó en función de los principales textos que profundizan sobre el concepto de territorio en la geografía crítica, en especial la escuela brasileña y francesa. Lo que evidencia el análisis es que, por un lado, es fundamental comprender y definir a la materialidad como esencia del territorio y, por otro lado, conceptualizar a la materia de forma dinámica permite comprender de manera más amplia la relación entre la sociedad y la naturaleza.
Contribuições da cromatografia circular de Pfeiffer para análise da saúde do solo
Authors: Barros Carlos Eduardo , Franco Fernando Silveira
Published: January 2023

A degradação do solo é um processo proveniente dos manejos adotados pela agricultura industrial, que configura uma crise ecológica e social. Nesse caso, a agroecologia, enquanto movimento, ciência e prática, valoriza e respeita as condições edafoclimáticas dos ecossistemas. As práticas agroecológicas demandam métodos que auxiliem aos agricultores a avaliar a saúde de seus solos. A cromatografia de Pfeiffer constitui uma ferramenta de diagnóstico, cujo método é simples e de baixo custo. O presente artigo objetivou a compreensão do estado da saúde do solo em quatro usos da terra (um sistema agroflorestal, um plantio de banana com adubação verde, uma área em pousio e um fragmento florestal) em um sítio certificado biodinâmico, no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Os resultados obtidos de modo qualitativo e quantitativos permitem afirmar que os solos da área do fragmento e do sistema agroflorestal foram os mais saudáveis. A cromatografia foi um método eficiente na análise da saúde dos solos tropicais, com potencialidade de uso por agricultores familiares.
Una aproximación multidimensional al análisis de los impactos causados por las condiciones de la pandemia de Covid-19 en el Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá, Colombia
Authors: Da Silveira Arruda Natália , Zea Gallego María Clara , González Zapata Hernán Darío , Valencia Cardona Kimberly Alejandra
Published: January 2023

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar los análisis y resultados de la percepción de impactos que sufrieron los habitantes del Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá en materia de salud física y emocional, económica, y de violencias de género o intrafamiliar debido a la pandemia de Covid-19 en el primer semestre de 2020. El proyecto fue desarrollado por miembros del Semillero de Investigación GeoLab de la Escuela Ambiental de la Universidad de Antioquia. Los datos fueron colectados por medio de una encuesta virtual que permitió, desde un enfoque cuantitativo, la creación de índices multivariados con el fin de caracterizar los niveles de bienestar de las personas. El análisis geoespacial posibilitó el ejercicio de correlacionar los impactos de los participantes con sus condiciones sociodemográficas y espaciales. De esta manera, se plantea que los impactos tienen una naturaleza aditiva que se conjugan con las vivencias de las personas y sus condiciones de vida previas a la pandemia.
Green Products Purchase Intention in Chilean Consumers: Comparing Three Models Using Structural Equations
Authors: Sandoval-Díaz José , Neumann Langdon Patricio
Published: January 2023

The objective of this study was to compare three models: the theory of reasoned action (tra), the theory of planned behavior (tpb), and its extended form (etpb), to predict the intention of Chilean consumers for purchasing green products. Five hundred people were surveyed, establishing an inter-rater reliability analysis, and a discriminant, convergent and construct validity using three structural equation models (sem). The results showed that the etpb model is useful to explain the consumption behavior intention for green products based on a triple bottom line, whose main contribution is the indirect effect of environmental concern (ec) on the model. The study found that of the three variables, perceived behavioral control (pbc) was the strongest predictor of purchase intention (pi), followed by attitude (att). In conclusion, both the etpb model and the green products purchase intention instrument contribute to broaden the studies about consumer behavior in sustainable marketing in Chile.
Detección morfológica de la podredumbre carbonosa en soja y maíz en Misiones, Argentina
Authors: Lavilla M. , De Lucía A. , Heck M. , Fariza S.
Published: January 2023

Introducción. La podredumbre carbonosa causada por Macrophomina phaseolina es un patógeno que sobrevive en el suelo mediante microesclerocios (fase de Sclerotium bataticola). Este patógeno afecta a diferentes cultivos, entre los que se destancan la soja (Glycine max L. Merrill) y el maíz (Zea mays L.), por su importancia en la Argentina. Objetivo. Demostrar que el causante de las muertes de las plantas de soja y de maíz en los años de sequía en la provincia de Misiones es la prodredumbre carbonosa. Materiales y métodos. Se recolectaron muestras de diferentes localidades de la provincia de Misiones, Argentina, durante febrero de 2022. Mediante la observación a ojo desnudo de plantas enfermas y con el auxilio de microscopia estereoscópica y microscoscopio óptico se determinó la identidad del patógeno presente. Resultados. Se detectó la presencia de microesclerocios compatibles con S. bataticola como agente causal de podredumbre carbonosa en las muestras de maíz y soja, en todas las muestras de la provincia de Misiones. Conclusión. La podredumbre carbonosa causada por M. phaseolina se encuentra presente en los cultivos de soja y de maíz en la provincia de Misiones, Argentina.
Design of experiments and Derringer's desirability function in optimisation and validation of RP-HPLC method for the analysis of enrofloxacin and its impurities
Authors: Dokmanović Jelena , Kasagić-Vujanović Irena , Gagić Žarko , Nikolić Katarina , Čarapić Marija , Agbaba Danica
Published: January 2023

Using the Design of Experiments methodology (Response-Surface Methodology and Derringer's Desirability Function), a simple, fast and robust RP-HPLC method was developed for the analysis of enrofloxacin (EFC), its impurity A (fluoroquinolonic acid, FQ) and impurity B (ciprofloxacin, CPX). Gradient elution of samples was performed on a Zorbax Eclipse XDB C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of 32 mM phosphate buffer pH 3.5 – methanol (0 min-19.6% methanol; 15.5 min-19.6% methanol; 29.5 min-80% methanol; 30 min-19.6% methanol; 35 min-19.6% methanol), delivered at a flow rate of 1.5 mL min−1, wavelength of detection 278 nm (for EFX and CFX) and 265 nm for FQ. A good linear response was achieved in the range 15–35 μg mL−1 (EFX) and LOQ-150% for impurities (CFX and FQ). Other validation parameters were also tested: precision, accuracy, sensitivity and robustness. The developed method was shown to be simple, practical and suitable for the analysis of EFC and its impurities (CPX, FQ) in veterinary drugs.
A practical and single-use ITO-PET based immunosensing platform for detection of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha biomarker
Authors: ÖZCAN Burcu
Published: January 2023

This investigation displays a novel, practical indium tin oxide- polyethylene terephthalate (ITO-PET) based electrochemical biosensor for the Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNFα) biomarker determination. The ITO-PET electrode is a very advantageous preferred semiconductive electrode material. It has a lot of great features such as easy to prepare, cheapness, flexibility, stability. It also allows determining an analyte at very low concentrations and provides a great wide concentration range for analyte analysis. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) were used for the evaluation of biosensors, including the immobilization procedure, the investigation of the optimum conditions, and the characterization of biosensors. The immunosensor's electrode surface morphology during the immobilization process was observed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). In addition, Impedance measurement at a single frequency was used to characterize anti-TNFα and TNFα interactions (SFI). The clinical effectiveness of the developed biosensor was investigated by testing it with real human serum samples. Moreover, the fabricated immunosensor presents long shelf life, analysis of the antigen concentrations at picogram level (0.02 pg mL-1 -2.56 pg mL-1), reproducibility, reusability (11 times) and high sensitivity.
Strategies of Desacralization of Writers by Means of Merch
Authors: Podoliaka N. S.
Published: January 2023

Purpose. The purpose of the research is to outline the strategies of desacralization of writers by means of merch, to determine the positive and negative aspects of the search for new meanings in the reproduction of cult figures. Theoretical basis. The article examines merch as a tool that encourages people to change sacred meanings and ideas about writers as bearers of the sacred for Ukrainians. The source base of the study is the works devoted to the problems of the sacred in philosophical thought, as well as the process of desacralization in art and literature. The peculiarities of the destruction of tendencies regarding the notions in the perception of writers as idols of the nation, the formation and emergence of new meanings regarding sacred figures are highlighted and described. The relevance of this study is due to active searches in business, propaganda, agitation for the use of literary practice, transformation and new contexts of literary idols. Originality. Until now, the change in the processes of sacralization and desacralization of writers by means of merch has not been considered as a reversal of worldview in culture, vectors of changes in the dominants of spirituality in the world picture. It turned out that the metacategory of the sacred has been studied by many scholars, both foreign and domestic, in recent years. The problems of the sacred are in the centre of attention of sociologists, philosophers, literary critics, and culturologists, but merch as a basis for the desacralization of man was not considered in publications in the field of mass communication theory. Scientists considered the worldview vectors of the sacred and desacralization as processes that are inherent not only in postmodernity, but also those that accompanied Ukrainian culture during previous periods. It is determined that the most noticeable manifestations of desacralization are the reproduction of the figure of Kobzar, moreover, in quite unusual and even provocative images of him. However, the majority of Ukrainians positively perceive the updated images of the prophets of the Ukrainian nation and talk about the permanence of their worldview, despite the change and reinterpretation of many years of later development. Conclusions. Conscious desacralization of literary images is gradually gaining momentum. We observe a tendency to positive perception of merch with the figures of T. Shevchenko, I. Franko, H. Skovoroda, Lesia Ukrainka in a new interpretation: during the war, on the barricades – wherever the struggle for Ukrainian statehood is taking place. From the results of the survey it becomes clear that stereotypical perceptions of writers need to be changed, but only if it is an organic fusion with value imperatives, only emphasizes and affirms the spiritual greatness of Man and serves the growth of Ukrainian society and every Ukrainian.
Freedom as an Anthropological Problem in the Christian Philosophy of Aurelius Augustine and Hryhorii Skovoroda
Authors: Potsiurko M. M.
Published: January 2023

Purpose. The study aims to define and comprehend the phenomenon of freedom as an anthropological problem in the Christian philosophical heritage of A. Augustine and H. Skovoroda. The objectives of the study are: a) to identify the main aspects of the problem of freedom in the Christian philosophy of Augustine; b) to clarify the essence and specificity of understanding of freedom in the philosophical anthropology of H. Skovoroda; c) to compare the peculiarities of the statement of the problem of freedom by Augustine and Skovoroda. Theoretical basis. The achievement of the purpose is based on theoretical-methodological, historical-philosophical and comparative analysis of the content of the concept of freedom within the philosophical views of A. Augustine and H. Skovoroda. Also, the analysis of the original sources of the thinkers has allowed to formulate the theoretical and practical significance of their ideas in this field and their importance for the further development of world philosophy. Originality. It has been confirmed that in the religious philosophy of Augustine, freedom appears on an immanent-spiritual plane and is a phenomenon manifested as a person’s ability of self-determination in his actions. Augustine explains freedom by raising the question of free will, evil, salvation, predestination and divine grace. It is substantiated that the analysis of the problem of freedom in the philosophy of H. Skovoroda presupposes an understanding of the main components of his philosophical and anthropological theory: ontological (the doctrine of "two natures" and "three worlds"); gnoseological (the concept of self-knowledge); ethical (the problem of happiness, good, etc.). It is determined that human freedom in the work of both philosophers is defined in conceptual and semantic aspects as a moral and ethical choice between good and evil. It is established that both Augustine and Skovoroda emphasize the discovery by man of the moral, spiritual law and life in accordance with its norms – this is a kind of idea of positive freedom ("freedom for"), and the call to escape from the world of evil is the idea of negative freedom ("freedom from"). Conclusions. Thus, we continued the historical-philosophical study of the peculiarities of the understanding of the concept of human freedom in Ukrainian philosophical thought, which is manifested by comparing it with the theoretical heritage of world philosophy, with the spiritual and philosophical experience of the past. The ideological kinship of the concepts of freedom of Aurelius Augustine and Hryhorii Skovoroda is obvious.
Artefatos e atos corporais de memória: arte e vida para pensar a fina linha do presente
Authors: Barretto Eleonora Frenkel
Published: January 2023

Propõe-se uma análise comparativa de produções artísticas, chamadas artefatos e atos corporais de memória, que possuem em comum a expressão de traumas coletivos latino-americanos, desde o genocídio físico e cultural promovido pela colonização às ditaduras militares, passando pela crise de migrações contemporânea. Um dos pressupostos apresentados é o de que tanto o arquivo (a literatura em livro, p.e.) quanto o repertório (as práticas incorporadas) constituem modos legítimos de transmissão de memória. São pensados o romance de Meruane, Sistema nervioso (2019), o documentário de Guzmán, Nostalgia de la luz (2010), poemas e performances de Vicuña e Galindo, a escultura de Fontes e o ato de busca de ossos no deserto pelas mulheres de Calama como performance. Apresenta-se como segundo pressuposto o de que estes artefatos e atos corporais de memória interpelam o real de modo contundente e que contribuem para elaborar traumas coletivos, ou, para “sair da cripta”: desatar os nós de memória e vivenciar socialmente o luto.
NUMERICAL STUDY ON HEAT TRANSFER WITHIN A ROCK-AIR-WATER-ICE SYSTEM UNDER CRYOGENIC CONDITIONS
Authors: Huang Chengyu , Dong Bo , Li Weizhong , Wang Wenhua
Published: January 2023

A numerical heat transfer model which couples heat conduction, natural convection, and the freezing process is built with ANSYS FLUENT. Then, 2D simulations of heat transfer in a rock-air-water-ice system under cryogenic conditions are conducted by using the model for studying the heat transfer mechanism in the reservoir stratum during cryogenic fracturing. The effects of air and water on the local temperature evolution are analyzed from the aspect of thermophysical properties, natural convection, and the water freezing process. For thermophysical properties, it is found that the influence of volumetric heat capacity is significant in the early stage of heat transfer, while in a long-term heat transfer process the effect of thermal conductivity is dominant. Natural convection alters the cold energy distribution and exerts different influences on the local temperature variation, and these effects could be weakened due to the presence of water. The release of latent heat due to water freezing delays the decrease of local temperature, while the newly formed ice phase accelerates the decrease of local temperature due to its relatively high thermal conductivity compared with that of water. Besides, the effect of water distribution on heat transfer is analyzed. Variation in water distribution alters the range and intensity of the impact brought by natural convection and water freezing, affecting temperature evolution. The combined effect of natural convection and water freezing affects the local temperature variation differently, depending on the time and position concerned.
Torsional strength limitation of reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Lee Jung-Yoon , Kim Na-Yeong , Shin Dongik , Byun Hyun-Woo , Kim Kil-Hee
Published: January 2023

In order to promote stirrup yielding prior to concrete crushing and avoid over-reinforcement failure modes in reinforced concrete (RC) members, current design codes stipulate limits on the maximum amount of shear and torsional reinforcement. Studies have shown that the shear strength limits introduced based on the plane-truss approach estimate the maximum shear strength and shear failure mode with reasonable accuracy. However, the torsional strength limits derived based on the space-truss analogy and thin-walled tube theory generally overestimate the maximum torsional strength. In this study, the difference between the limiting values introduced in current design codes on the maximum shear and torsional strengths was evaluated by analysing the test results of 406 shear and 153 torsional members. Additionally, experimental tests were conducted on 22 RC beams subjected to torsional moments in order to measure the strain rate of the web concrete directly and investigate the torsional strength limits. The torsional strength limits derived based on the space-truss model overestimated the actual maximum torsional strength. Based on these observations, a lower limit for the maximum torsional strength is proposed in order to avoid over-reinforced torsional failure.
Lineage Tracing and Single-Nucleus Multiomics Reveal Novel Features of Adaptive and Maladaptive Repair after Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Gerhardt Louisa M.S. , Koppitch Kari , van Gestel Jordi , Guo Jinjin , Cho Sam , Wu Haojia , Kirita Yuhei , Humphreys Benjamin D. , McMahon Andrew P.
Published: January 2023

Significance Statement

Understanding the mechanisms underlying adaptive and maladaptive renal repair after AKI and their long-term consequences is critical to kidney health. The authors used lineage tracing of cycling cells and single-nucleus multiomics (profiling transcriptome and chromatin accessibility) after AKI. They demonstrated that AKI triggers a cell-cycle response in most epithelial and nonepithelial kidney cell types. They also showed that maladaptive proinflammatory proximal tubule cells (PTCs) persist until 6 months post-AKI, although they decreased in abundance over time, in part, through cell death. Single-nucleus multiomics of lineage-traced cells revealed regulatory features of adaptive and maladaptive repair. These included activation of cell state–specific transcription factors and cis-regulatory elements, and effects in PTCs even after adaptive repair, weeks after the injury event.

Background

AKI triggers a proliferative response as part of an intrinsic cellular repair program, which can lead to adaptive renal repair, restoring kidney structure and function, or maladaptive repair with the persistence of injured proximal tubule cells (PTCs) and an altered kidney structure. However, the cellular and molecular understanding of these repair programs is limited.

Methods

To examine chromatin and transcriptional responses in the same cell upon ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), we combined genetic fate mapping of cycling (Ki67
+) cells labeled early after IRI with single-nucleus multiomics—profiling transcriptome and chromatin accessibility in the same nucleus—and generated a dataset of 83,315 nuclei.

Results

AKI triggered a broad cell cycle response preceded by cell type–specific and global transcriptional changes in the nephron, the collecting and vascular systems, and stromal and immune cell types. We observed a heterogeneous population of maladaptive PTCs throughout proximal tubule segments 6 months post-AKI, with a marked loss of maladaptive cells from 4 weeks to 6 months. Gene expression and chromatin accessibility profiling in the same nuclei highlighted differences between adaptive and maladaptive PTCs in the activity of cis-regulatory elements and transcription factors, accompanied by corresponding changes in target gene expression. Adaptive repair was associated with reduced expression of genes encoding transmembrane transport proteins essential to kidney function.

Conclusions

Analysis of genome organization and gene activity with single-cell resolution using lineage tracing and single-nucleus multiomics offers new insight into the regulation of renal injury repair. Weeks to months after mild-to-moderate IRI, maladaptive PTCs persist with an aberrant epigenetic landscape, and PTCs exhibit an altered transcriptional profile even following adaptive repair.
Lesión intraepitelial de alto grado y su relación con neoplasias intracervicales y cáncer de cérvix
Authors: Osorio Castaño Jhon Henry , Jaramillo Córdoba Yurani Marcela
Published: January 2023

Introducción: el propósito del estudio fue identificar las características sociales y clínicas de las mujeres con lesión intraepitelial de alto grado y su relación con neoplasias intracervicales y cáncer de cérvix. Métodos: estudio observacional con intención analítica donde se incluyeron todas las mujeres con la alteración descrita en el período 2013-2019. Se analizaron variables cualitativas y cuantitativas y se realizó un análisis bivariado con cálculo de OR para identificar asociaciones. Resultados: el 29.8% pertenecían al grupo de 30 a 39 años, el 36.6% accedieron en los primeros treinta días a la colposcopia, 5.4% tuvieron un diagnóstico de cáncer y 31.4% de neoplasia de alto grado, el régimen subsidiado y cambios mayores o sugestivo de cáncer en la colposcopia se asociaron a cáncer o neoplasias grado II/III. Conclusión: la lesión intraepitelial de alto grado se considera una alteración de riesgo para la aparición de cáncer de cérvix y neoplasia intracervical.
Estándares de calidad de los laboratorios de las Empresas Sociales del Estado en el departamento del Atlántico
Authors: León Peña María C , Madariaga Vega Zamira , Stefanell De León Ingrid
Published: January 2023

Objetivo: Evaluar el cumplimiento del criterio de Organización y Gestión según la Resolución 1619 del 2015 en laboratorios clínicos de Empresas Sociales del Estado en el departamento del Atlántico. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo constituida por 20 laboratorios clínicos de las Empresas Sociales del Estado que integran la red pública del Departamento del Atlántico, a las cuales se les realizó auditoría mediante la herramienta de verificación de Estándares. Posteriormente se sistematizaron y analizaron los datos. Resultados: Según el análisis de los datos, el requisito con mayor cumplimiento por parte de los laboratorios participantes fue el de Aseguramiento del Método con 100%. El requisito que aportó el mayor número de participantes que incumplieron, fue el de Trazabilidad Metrológica. Conclusiones: Los laboratorios objeto de estudio no cumplieron el 100% de los requisitos aun cuando la implementación de las estandarizaciones de calidad según la resolución 1619 de 2015 son de carácter obligatorio, por tanto no pueden garantizar la confiabilidad de los resultados en estas instituciones.
Identificación de las tendencias del estado actual de la extraedad en el acceso a la educación básica en Colombia aplicando inteligencia artificial
Authors: Ordoñez Hugo , Ordoñez Cristian , Buchelis Victor
Published: January 2023

Objetivo: Proponer un modelo de predicción basado en inteligencia artificial para predecir la tendencia de extraedad en la matricula el sistema educativo colombiano. Metodología: El sistema educativo colombiano ha experimentado un cambio fundamental de transformación. En consecuencia, la ampliación de la matrícula refleja también cambios en la composición de la población según edad, donde se tiene que los rangos tentativos de edad poco comunes para acceder a la educación. Por ejemplo, un estudiante de segundo grado debe tener entre 7 y 8 años de edad, si tiene entre 9 o más años, es un estudiante en extraedad. El escenario de extraedad está vinculado a dos aspectos: 1), ingreso tardío al sistema educativo. 2) Altas tasas de repitencia. En este sentido, la extraedad se convierte en una dificultad de contexto favorable para la exclusión escolar. Resultados: El modelo fue evaluado con las métricas coeficiente de determinación (R2), raíz del error cuadrático medio (RMSE) y error porcentual absoluto medio (MAPE). Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que el modelo puede servir de base para la toma de decisiones a entes gubernamentales para la implementación de políticas orientadas estrategias pedagógicas, estrategias didácticas, en miras de la diminución de la extraedad. Conclusiones: El modelo propuesto, pude servir de base en el ministerio de educación para la implementación de políticas de orientación administrativas para la atención educativa de la población en extraedad, joven, adulta y adulta mayor con discapacidad intelectual y psicosocial, en el marco de la inclusión y la equidad en la educación tanto rural como urbana.
Modelo Estadístico para determinar los factores académicos en los Resultados de las Pruebas Saber Pro
Authors: Narváez Zúñiga Alberto Fabio
Published: January 2023

Objetivo: Diseñar un modelo estadístico que determine los factores académicos sobre resultados de las Pruebas Saber Pro. Metodología: El estudio de técnicas de relaciones multivariables y de aprendizaje fueron empleadas para establecer un mecanismo de relación entre un conjunto de variables académicas y sociodemográficas y su influencia con el resultado de la prueba Saber Pro, a través de un diseño y selección de un modelo estadístico multivariable que determine en forma óptima los factores académicos que inciden en los resultados de las pruebas Saber Pro. Resultados: Se apreció que no existen diferencias significativas entre los modelos y la realidad reflejada en la muestra de la validación a excepción de la prueba PCME que el modelo de Random Forest no prueba hipótesis de validación. Se identificó que el modelo de regresión lineal multivariante no muestra diferencias significativas en ninguna de las pruebas, al contrario del modelo Random Forest si muestra diferencias para ciertos valores de α en ING y FPI además de rechazar hipótesis de igualdad para la prueba PCME. Conclusiones: Cualquiera de las técnicas utilizadas en el estudio puede ayudar a realizar un modelo predictivo que sea capaz de permitir a la institución generar estrategias para lograr crear políticas orientadas a mejorar el rendimiento de los estudiantes. Sin embargo, la técnica de regresión lineal multivariante de acuerdo a las pruebas de hipótesis es la mejor posicionada en este estudio.
A Subsoil use rights in Russia: from origins to modern times
Authors: Allanina Liliya
Published: January 2023

The article considers subsoil use rights in Russia, starting from their origins and ending with modern problems. The authors conduct a comprehensive analysis of laws governing the formation, alteration, and termination of subsoil use rights, as well as the relevant scientific literature and law enforcement practice on this issue, identifying several urgent issues and suggesting ways to solve them. The study is based on the work of authorized bodies that control the activities of subsoil users, discussion of draft laws, generalization of modern judicial and arbitration practice, licensing, and other materials. The regulatory framework was formed by laws and other legal acts of pre-revolutionary Russia, the USSR, the Russian Federation, and constituent entities of the Russian Federation and international legislation regulating subsoil use relations.
Política pública de convivencia escolar colombiana desde la perspectiva de los docentes
Authors: Miranda Medina Carlos Federico , Rodríguez Burgos Karla Eugenia , Morcote González Olga Sofia
Published: January 2023

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las percepciones que tienen los docentes de secundaria sobre la implementación de la política pública de convivencia escolar en Colombia, bajo la Ley 1620 de 2013. Se aplicó un estudio cuantitativo donde se diseñó, validó y aplicó un cuestionario a 50 maestros de 4 escuelas secundarias oficiales y 2 no oficiales para los grados 9, 10 y 11, en la ciudad de Tunja, departamento de Boyacá en Colombia. La Implementación Institucional de la Política Pública de Convivencia Escolar en las escuelas secundarias mostró que los docentes tienen una media de 1.86 y una desviación estándar de .756, así como también se encontraron diferencias significativas relacionadas con la edad (χ² = 22.362 p = .008 < .05). Por lo tanto, se puede concluir que, desde la percepción de los docentes, la implementación institucional de la Política de Convivencia de las Escuelas Públicas ha sido efectiva
Alcance de la supresión de la función conciliatoria a las Comisarías de familia en Colombia
Authors: Gallego Henao Luz Eliana , Moreno Amaya Diana Alexandra , Nieto Ríos Wilson Alberto
Published: January 2023

El artículo analiza los métodos alternativos de resolución de Conflictos-MASC de cara a los retos y problematizaciones que afronta la administración de justicia alternativa con la supresión de la función conciliatoria a las comisarías de familia en casos de violencia familiar. La metodología se basa en revisión documental y bibliográfica respecto a las normas constitucionales y legales que regulan la conciliación y el impacto socio-jurídico que la normativa imprime en términos de acceso y descongestión judicial por la mengua de instituciones y funcionarios facultados para conciliar en asuntos de violencia intrafamiliar. Los resultados indican que la Constitución Política de 1991, consagró una estructura excepcional y transitoria para la resolución de las controversias a través de la conciliación y ello facilita la protección de derechos de carácter fundamental, pero también de contenido económico. Se concluye que la eliminación de la función conciliatoria a las comisarías de familia en casos de violencia familiar disminuye el efecto de los mecanismos alternativos, siendo necesario crear políticas públicas que respondan a este impacto negativo y evaluar de forma escalonada el alcance de la ley en términos de competencias, especialidades y aumento de solicitudes.
El papel del facilitador de conflictos en la reconfiguración de la masculinidad del sujeto violentador en un proceso de justicia restaurativa
Authors: Escalera Silva Luz Alejandra , España Lozano Jesús
Published: January 2023

En este estudio de diseño cualitativo, se aplicaron 20 entrevistas a hombres que actualmente se desempeñan como facilitadores de conflictos en varias Fiscalías del país, con la finalidad de conocer a través de la narrativa del facilitador cuál es su percepción de masculinidad y cómo esta percepción influye en su labor profesional al desahogar un procedimiento de justicia restaurativa cuando una de las partes es un hombre violento. El análisis de la información se realizó desde un enfoque temático siguiendo la propuesta de Braun y Clarke (2006), para la organización y el tratamiento de la información se empleó el software cualitativo Atlas.Ti. Entre los hallazgos más significativos pudimos conocer cuál es la percepción que los facilitadores tienen de conceptos como masculinidad y sus características, nuevas masculinidades y su relación con la resolución de conflictos, y, cómo entorno a estos conceptos, es posible reestructurar el papel que como facilitador le corresponde en los procesos de justicia restaurativa.
Tolerancia institucional de la violencia contra las mujeres
Authors: Fernández-Matos Dhayana Carolina , Buitrago Beatriz , Almanza-Iglesia Maury , Villanueva-Hincapié Carlos
Published: January 2023

Objetivo: Analizar los imaginarios y creencias de las funcionarias y funcionarios públicas/os del departamento de La Guajira sobre las violencias contra las mujeres basada en género y la tolerancia institucional ante este fenómeno. Método: Se usó una metodología cuantitativa mediante una encuesta autoadministrada. El tipo de muestreo fue por conveniencia y participaron 94 personas: 63 mujeres y 31 hombres. Los resultados obtenidos se compararon con los promedios de las mediciones nacionales de la tolerancia institucional realizadas en 2010, 2015 y 2021. Resultados: El 87% no está de acuerdo en ver a la maternidad como la única fuente de realización de las mujeres. El 46% consideró que “cuando los hombres están bravos es mejor no provocarlos”. Una de cada cuatro de las personas entrevistadas (25%) estuvo de acuerdo con que las mujeres golpeadas se mantienen en una relación violenta porque les gusta ser maltratadas. El 29% en que la manera de vestirse de una mujer, si lo hace de forma provocativa, puede ser motivo de que le falten el respeto. Conclusiones: el Estado, a través de las instituciones públicas del departamento de La Guajira con competencias directas e indirectas en la atención, prevención y erradicación de las violencias contra las mujeres basadas en el género, debe tomar medidas encaminadas a erradicar estereotipos y patrones culturales ya que, su persistencia, contribuye con que esta problemática esté presente en el territorio.