bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential Use of Agro/Food Wastes as Biosorbents in the Removal of Heavy Metals
Authors: Ahmad Faizan , Zaidi Sadaf
Published: November 2020

The production of large quantities of agro/food wastes from food processing industries and the release of pollutants in the form of heavy metals from various metallurgical industries are the grave problems of the society as well as serious threats to the environment. It is estimated that approximately one–third of all food that is produced goes to waste, meaning thereby that nearly 1.3 billion tonnes of agro/food wastes are generated per year. This readily available and large amount waste can be utilized for the removal of toxic metals obtained from metallurgical industries by converting it into the adsorbents. For example, mango peel showed adsorption capacity of 68.92 mg/g in removing cadmium II ions. Similarly, coconut waste showed a higher adsorption capacity of 285 and 263 mg/g in removing cadmium and lead ion, respectively. Biosorption and bioaccumulation are recommended as novel, efficient, eco-friendly, and less costly alternative technologies over the conventional methods such as ion exchange, chemical precipitation, and membrane filtration, etc. for the removal of toxic metal ions. Because of the presence of metal-binding functional groups, the industrial by-products, agro-wastes and microbial biomass are considered as the potential biosorbents. Thus they can be used for the removal of toxic metal ions. This chapter highlights the available information and methods on utilizing the agro/food waste for the eradication of toxic and heavy metal ions. Furthermore, this chapter also focuses on the sorption mechanisms of different adsorbents as well as their adsorbing capacities.
Synergic Influence of Parameters Involved in the Polymeric Nanoparticle Preparation on the Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Silva Figueiredo Barbara , Noval de Souza Ferreira Julyana , Viktória Viana Vasconcelos Vannyla , Ponate de Souza Priscila , Vergna De Angeli Rafaela , Romero da Silva André
Published: November 2020

The challenge was always great for lipophilic photosensitizer use in the photodynamic therapy (PDT) for treatment of internal body diseases. Photosensitizer metabolism in liver, incompatibility of the molecules in the gastric acid, aggregation in the bloodstream, opsonization of molecules and phagocyting process hamper the application of the free lipophilic photosensitizer in disease treatment using PDT. This problem has been partially resolved using the drug delivery system to encapsulate the photosensitizer. Many studies have been reported using polymeric nanoparticles to encapsulate the lipophilic photosensitizer showing excellent results for PDT, but few nanoparticulate formulations are available at the pharmacies. The absence of deep knowledge about the influence of synergic effect of parameters used in the nanoparticle preparation on its properties, the photobleaching process of encapsulated photosensitizer and the molecule aggregation into the nanoparticle can decrease the photodynamic efficacy for the lipophilic photosensitizer. Our research group has studied the influence of many parameters on the nanoparticulate properties of several encapsulated phthalocyanines and porphyrin using factorial design, evaluating the free and encapsulated compound aggregation, efficacy to reduce the viability of cancer cells, the photooxidation of the biomolecules and the influence of photobleaching. This work shows the most important results to be consider in the optimization of the polymeric nanoparticle.
DNA Damage and Glutathione Peroxidase Activity in Liver and Kidney Cells in Wistar Rats Exposed to Terbuthylazine (TERB) for 28 Consecutive Days
Authors: Kašuba Vilena , Micek Vedran , Pizent Alica , Tariba Lovaković Blanka , Želježić Davor , Kopjar Nevenka , Milić Mirta
Published: November 2020

The potential of low doses of the chloro-triazine herbicide terbuthylazine to induce DNA damage and impair activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was evaluated in kidney and parenchymal and non-parenchymal liver cells of adult male rats. In a 28-day study, terbuthylazine was applied daily by oral gavage at doses: 0.004, 0.4 and 2.29 mg/kg bw/day. Tail Intensity (T Int) and Tail Length (TL) were used as descriptors of DNA damage. In the kidney, Tail Int was significantly different in all treated groups, while TL was different in 0.4 and 2.29 mg/kg bw/day groups, compared to controls. Significant differences in TL were recorded in parenchymal and non-parenchymal liver cells of all treated groups. Tail Int was significantly different from controls in non-parenchymal liver cells at all applied doses and in parenchymal cells at terbuthylazine doses of 0.004 and 2.29 mg/kg bw/day. A significant increase in GPx activity was observed only in the kidney at doses 0.4 and 2.29 mg/kg bw/day compared to the controls indicating its possible role in the protection of kidney from free radicals. It appears that repeated exposure to low doses of terbuthylazine could cause DNA instability in kidney cells and in parenchymal and non-parenchymal liver cells in rats.
Analysis of Exogenous Poisoning by Pesticide in the State of Bahia-Brazil during the Period from 2007 to 2017
Authors: Silva Souza Karolayne , Steffany Leite Miranda Flávia , Roberta Freire da Silva Milena , Rodrigo Dias de Assis Caio , Artur de Queiroz Cavalcanti de Sá Rafael , de Oliveira Santos Marcilio , Gomes da Silva Jordany , Sirleide de Souza Kelma , Oliveira de Veras Bruno , Betânia Melo de Oliveira Maria
Published: November 2020

Brazil is one of the main exporters of agricultural products and is one of the largest consumers of pesticides in the world. Bahia stands out in irrigated agriculture, with growth at the national and international level exports. The aim of this study is to describe and analyze the spatial distribution, and the epidemiological profile of the population with confirmed cases of pesticides intoxication in the state of Bahia-Brazil, from 2007 to 2017. It is an ecological and retrospective study of a series, with secondary data collected at the Department of Informatics of the System Of Health (DATASUS), on notifications and confirmed cases of pesticide poisoning in the state in 2007 to 2017. In Bahia, about 1,632 notifications of exogenous pesticide poisoning in the investigated period, confirming about 1137 cases. The main age group affected by these intoxications were related to 20-39 years of age. The results of this study show the increase in the number of notified and confirmed cases in Bahia during years from 2007 to 2017, thus suggesting the carrying out of research on the subject in this and other Brazilian states, in order to monitor and evaluate the causes of these pesticide poisoning, and improve health promotion.
The Potential of Remote Sensing to Assess Conditioning Factors for Landslide Detection at a Regional Scale: The Case in Southeastern Colombia
Authors: Alexander Correa-Muñoz Nixon , Andrea Murillo-Feo Carol
Published: November 2020

This landslide detection research applied remote sensing techniques. Morphometry to derive both DEM terrain parameters and land use variables. SAR interferometry (InSAR) for showing that InSAR coherence and InSAR displacement obtained with SRTM DEM 30 m resolution were strongly related to landslides. InSAR coherence values from 0.43 to 0.66 had a high association with landslides. PS-InSAR allowed to estimate terrain velocities in the satellite line-of-sight (LOS) in the range − 10 to 10 mm/year concerning extremely slow landslide displacement rates. SAR polarimetry (PolSAR) was used over L-band UAVSAR quad-pol data, obtaining the scattering mechanism of volume and surface retrodispersion more associated with landslides. The optical remote sensing with a multitemporal approach for change detection by multi-year Landsat (5, 7 and 8)-NDVI, showed that NDVI related to landslides had values between 0.42 and 0.72. All the information was combined into a multidimensional grid product and crossed with training data containing a Colombian Geologic Service (CGS) landslide inventory. A detection model was implemented using the Random Forest supervised method relating the training sample of landslides with multidimensional explanatory variables. A test sample with a proportion of 70:30 allowed to find the accuracy of detection of about 70.8% for slides type.
Bioethanol-Diesel Blends Used in Diesel Engines and Vehicles under Transient Operation
Authors: Armas Vergel Octavio , Cárdenas Dolores , García-Contreras Reyes , Mata Carmen
Published: November 2020

This book chapter describes, the experiences of different experimental works related to the study of the effect of bioethanol-diesel fuel blends directly used on a study about the integrity of some parts of a diesel injection system, and on performance and regulated emissions of engines and/or vehicles under different transient conditions. The experiences described are carried out in an engine test bench, two public busses under urban transportation and a construction machine in an actual railway construction. A bioethanol-diesel fuel blend with 10% v/v of bioethanol was used for engine testing to study the potential effect on performance and emissions. Later, a blend with around 8% v/v of alcohol concentration was selected to carry out the experimental work with an injection system and with busses and construction machinery. This work points out the most important advantages and disadvantages of the use of bioethanol blended with diesel fuel. The most important strength is the potential of these fuel blends for reducing particle matter without penalty in nitrogen oxides emissions. As main weakness can be cited the need for adding a stabilizer additive which restricts the desirable increase of bioethanol content in the blend.
Advance in Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Cai Xiaojie , Gao Jie , Liu Yanfang , Wang Ming , Ma Qiulian , Gong Aihua , Wang Dongqing , Zhu Haitao
Published: November 2020

Pancreatic carcinoma is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the word wild. Although the advance in treatment this disease, the 5-years survival rate is still rather low. In the recent year, many new therapy and treatment avenues have been developed for pancreatic cancer. In this chapter, we mainly focus on the following aspect: 1) the treatment modality in pancreatic cancer, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy; 2) the mechanism of pancreatic cancer treatment resistance, especially in cancer stem cells and tumor microenvironment; 3) the diagnosis tools in pancreatic cancer, including serum markers, imaging methods and endoscopic ultrasonography. Novel molecular probes based on the nanotechnology in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer are also discussed.
Role of Toll-Like Receptor (TLR)-Signaling in Cancer Progression and Treatment
Authors: Babu Prasad Shyam , Kumar Rahul
Published: November 2020

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the most essential pattern recognition receptors in mediating the effects of innate immunity. It plays a pivotal role in inducing immune response against a number of pathogens, various diseases conditions including pathogenesis of cancer. Inflammation is often associated with the development and progression of most of cancer, where TLRs interplay very crucial roles. Moreover, TLRs activation can impact the initiation, progression and treatment of cancer by modulating the inflammatory microenvironment. Rapidly growing number of evidences related to TLRs function and expression in cancer cells, suggests its critical association with chemoresistance and tumourigenesis. The current chapter describes the development of various agonist and antagosist for TLRs and their application in cancer therapeutics. The aim of this book chapter is to highlights basic features of TLRs, and its role in cancer progression. It also addresses, how a defect in the TLRs signaling pathway can contributes towards carcinogenesis and recent development of cancer therapeutics that target TLR signaling pathways.
Effectiveness of a Probiotic for Functional Chronic Constipation: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Wu Xiaobin
Published: November 2020

Context: The metabolic effects of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 administration in the treatment of functional chronic constipation are unknown. Objectives: The purpose of this review is to investigate the function of L. reuteri DSM 17938 in bowel movements and stool consistency in children and adults diagnosed with functional chronic constipation. Methods: Five electronic databases were used to search for the English version of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) published between 2000 and 2018 that investigated the metabolic functions of 4–8 weeks of a dietary L. reuteri DSM 17938 intervention in children and adults diagnosed with functional chronic constipation. The risk of bias was evaluated in eligible studies, and a random-effects model was used to perform a meta-analysis for qualitative and quantitative analyses. Results: Five high-quality RCTs involving 737 participants were included in the review. L. reuteri DSM 17938 supplementation was effective in increasing bowel movements (mean difference = 1.12; 95% CI 0.85, 1.39, P < 0.00001) in patients with functional chronic constipation. However, no significant differences in stool consistency from baseline were observed following L. reuteri DSM 17938 supplementation (0.98; 95% CI 0.66, 1.44, P = 0.90). Conclusions: There were significant differences in bowel movements between the experimental and placebo groups, and no significant differences in stool consistency. In addition, there were no adverse effects of the L. reuteri DSM 17938 treatment reported. These results demonstrate the beneficial effects of L. reuteri DSM 17938 in functional chronic constipation patients in comparison with placebo.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Dermoscopy of Actinic Keratosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Valdés-Morales Karla L. , Peralta-Pedrero María Luisa , Jurado-Santa Cruz Fermín , Morales-Sanchez Martha Alejandra
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Dermoscopy is a tool that aids clinicians in the diagnosis of actinic keratosis; however, few diagnostic accuracy studies have determined its sensitivity and specificity for this diagnosis.

Objective: Determine the diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy on actinic keratosis.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted on EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus and the Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials from inception to August 2019.

Results: We screened 485 titles and abstracts. Two studies comprising 219 actinic keratoses were eligible for qualitative analysis. The number and heterogeneity of included studies limited a quantitative analysis.

Conclusions: Studies that focus specifically on the diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy for actinic keratosis are lacking.
Concerning the COVID-19 Event
Authors: Harman Graham ,   DePaul University
Published: November 2020

This article focuses on Alain Badiou’s surprisingly moderate response to the COVID-19 pandemic. It is shown that his dismissal of the virus as a familiar problem best dealt with by bureaucratic managers stems from an overly idealist approach to one of his key philosophical topics: the event.
Padrão de consumo de álcool entre trabalhadores de um colégio técnico-agrícola: um estudo transversal
Authors: Soares Lorena Sousa , Silva Manuela Paz Melo e , Rocha Ruth Cardoso , Silva Grazielle Roberta Freitas da , Nogueira Lídya Tolstenko , Figueiredo Maria Do Livramento Fortes
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: traçar o padrão de consumo de álcool entre trabalhadores de um colégio técnico-agrícola de uma cidade nordestina brasileira. Método: pesquisa quantitativa, transversal e descritiva com 30 trabalhadores, com amostragem censitária. Elencou-se como critérios de elegibilidade: ser servidor público concursado na instituição e com vínculo empregatício de, pelo menos, seis meses. A coleta ocorreu por meio da aplicação do Teste para Identificação de Problemas relacionados ao Uso de Álcool e os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. Resultados: verificou-se que 73% dos trabalhadores consumiram álcool nos últimos 12 meses; que o maior padrão de consumo de risco e nocivo ocorreu entre homens, com idades entre 30 e 39 anos, casados, com pós-graduação completa, com renda entre três e cinco salários mínimos. Conclusões: o padrão de consumo de álcool identificado foi de que os participantes consumiram bebidas alcoólicas nos últimos 12 meses com padrão de risco e nocivo.
Perspectivas adotadas pelos cuidadores na interação com a criança institucionalizada
Authors: Gabatz Ruth Irmgard Bärtschi , Schwartz Eda , Milbrath Viviane Marten
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: compreender as perspectivas do cuidador a partir de sua interação com as crianças institucionalizadas. Método: pesquisa qualitativa que utilizou a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados e o Interacionismo Simbólico para elaboração e análise dos dados. Os dados foram coletados de abril a julho de 2015, por meio de uma entrevista intensiva, com 15 cuidadoras em uma instituição de acolhimento infantil. Resultados: são apresentados em três categorias: Aprendendo a valorizar sua vida e sua família; Mudando a forma de ver e lidar com os outros; Percebendo a criança como ser capaz de mudar sua realidade. Considerações finais: identificou-se que na interação com a criança institucionalizada, a cuidadora passa a adotar novas formas de ver e agir no mundo, valorizando mais sua vida e sua família, além de desenvolver mais paciência, compaixão e amor por outras pessoas em condições de vulnerabilidade.
Intervenções de enfermagem prescritas para pacientes adultos internados em unidade de terapia intensiva
Authors: Stralhoti Kalliny de Oliveira Nathiara , Matos Fabiana Gonçalves de Oliveira Azevedo , Alves Débora Cristina Ignácio , Oliveira João Lucas Campos de , Berwanger Djulia Camila , Anchieta Drieli Wawzeniak de
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: identificar as intervenções de enfermagem prescritas para pacientes adultos internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Método: estudo documental, transversal,  do tipo mapeamento cruzado, realizado em hospital público de ensino. Foram avaliados 29 prontuários que continham registros de prescrições de enfermagem realizados na admissão do paciente na referida unidade. As intervenções prescritas (n=725) foram mapeadas de acordo com a Nursing Interventions Classification e analisadas por estatística descritiva. Resultados: as 725 intervenções prescritas estavam contidas em 18 “intervenções de enfermagem”, nove “classes” e três “domínios”. As intervenções “Cuidados da Pele: tratamentos tópicos”, “Controle da Pressão”, “Supervisão” e “Controle de Infecção”; as classes “Controle de Pele/Feridas” e “Facilitação do Autocuidado” e os domínios “Fisiológico Complexo” e  “Fisiológico Básico” foram os mais frequentes. Conclusões: as prescrições dos enfermeiros intensivistas relacionavam-se à promoção e manutenção das necessidades humanas fisiológicas e de segurança.
Capacidade funcional de idosos residentes em zona urbana
Authors: Cardoso Joana Darc Chaves , Oliveira Adriana Delmondes de , Cunha Carla Rafaela Teixeira , Silva Katia Moreira da
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: analisar a capacidade funcional dos idosos residentes em zona urbana. Método: estudo transversal, desenvolvido no município de Cuiabá- Mato Grosso. A amostra foi de 573 idosos. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. Resultados: Houve predomínio de idosos na faixa etária de 60 a 69 anos (45,9%) e que residiam com outras pessoas (89,5%). A maioria dos homens era casado ou tinha companheira (72,8) e as mulheres eram viúvas (43,6%). Os homens idosos eram mais independentes para realizar suas atividades diárias (72,4%), enquanto as mulheres eram mais dependentes (41,7%). Conclusão: considera-se relevante incorporar a avaliação da Capacidade Funcional na consulta de enfermagem ao idoso, com a finalidade de prevenir e minimizar os prejuízos da dependência funcional.
Vivência do homem diante do adoecimento pelo câncer: implicações para o cuidado em saúde
Authors: Paiva Andyara Do Carmo Pinto Coelho , Felipe Tiago Da Silva , Paiva Luciano Côrtes , Mendonça Erica Toledo , Luiz Franciane Silva , Carbogim Fábio Da Costa
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: compreender como o homem vivencia o processo de adoecimento do câncer, desde o diagnóstico até o tratamento. Método: estudo descritivo, exploratório e qualitativo, realizado com dez homens em tratamento oncológico, em um município do interior de Minas Gerais, entre março e maio de 2017. Os dados foram coletados a partir de entrevistas gravadas, posteriormente transcritos na íntegra e submetidos a análise temática do conteúdo. Resultados: emergiram duas categorias: ‘‘A descoberta do diagnóstico, o tratamento e as mudanças no cotidiano: enfrentamentos e ressignificações’’ e ‘‘O cuidado oferecido pela equipe de saúde’’. Conclusão: a vivência de uma doença oncológica é permeada por negação, raiva, angústia, tristeza e temor. O homem se depara com possibilidade de morte, ameaça ao seu futuro e dificuldades para se adaptar à nova vida. A família, amigos e os profissionais de saúde são importantes para o controle e o enfrentamento da doença.
Pesquisa com métodos mistos na enfermagem: experiência na pós-graduação
Authors: Oliveira João Lucas Campos de , Magalhães Ana Maria Müller de , Nishiyama Juliana Aparecida Peixoto , Vituri Dagmar Willamowius , Marcon Sonia Silva , Matsuda Laura Misue
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: relatar a experiência de planejamento e execução de uma pesquisa com métodos mistos na pós-graduação stricto senso em enfermagem. Método: relato de experiência de pesquisa vinculada a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem do Paraná e grupo de estudos na área gestão em saúde e enfermagem. O processo de planejamento e execução da investigação ocorreu no período de março de 2015 a dezembro de 2017. Resultados: o estudo foi sistematizado pelo método misto na estratégia explanatória sequencial. A experiência, descrita em três momentos/etapas: Pré-concepção, na qual realizou-se aproximação primária com a vertente metodológica; Planejamento do projeto de pesquisa, fase em que houve intensa imersão ao delineamento de estudo e objeto, culminando ao desenho de pesquisa, e; Execução, onde os procedimentos e fases da investigação planejados foram operacionalizados. Considerações Finais: apesar de desafiadora, a experiência foi profícua porque se mostrou factível à robustez dos resultados de pesquisas na enfermagem.
Conhecimento da pessoa com transtornos mentais sobre o tratamento medicamentoso
Authors: Alcantara Camila Bonfim de , Ferreira Aline Cristina Zerwes , Capistrano Fernanda Carolina , Kaled Manuela , Vale Caio Cézar da Fonseca , Maftum Mariluci Alves
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: identificar o conhecimento da pessoa com transtorno mental sobre o tratamento medicamentoso. Método: pesquisa observacional transversal desenvolvida com 300 pessoas em tratamento em dois Centros de Atenção Psicossocial de Curitiba, Paraná. Os dados foram coletados por entrevista estruturada e consulta à prescrição de medicamentos em prontuário. Foi realizada análise descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: a maioria dos participantes apresentou conhecimento insuficiente quanto ao nome dos medicamentos (64%), dose (91,9%) e frequência de administração (82,6%). Houve associação entre conhecimento insuficiente sobre a terapêutica medicamentosa e uso de medicamentos para comorbidades, desconhecimento do diagnóstico, depressão, idade avançada, autoadministração dos medicamentos, consumo de álcool e informações fornecidas pela enfermagem ou psicólogos. Conclusões: destaca-se que, principalmente, a autoadministração de medicamentos, transtornos depressivos e uso de medicamentos para outras condições de saúde podem estar relacionadas ao nível de conhecimento insuficiente da terapêutica medicamentosa, representando possíveis obstáculos a adesão e uso seguro dos medicamentos.
A sexualidade feminina na consulta de enfermagem: potencialidades e limites
Authors: Assunção Munyra Rocha Silva , Dias Isabel Helena Pereira , Costa Andréia Cristina Barbosa , Godinho Mônica Lá- Sallete Costa , Freitas Patrícia Scotini , Calheiros Christianne Alves Pereira
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: identificar as potencialidades, limites e necessidades relacionadas à sexualidade de mulheres durante a consulta de enfermagem. Método: estudo descritivo e exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 14 enfermeiras atuantes em Estratégias de Saúde da Família, de um município do Sul de Minas Gerais. Resultados: a assiduidade nas consultas de enfermagem, o vínculo estabelecido e a experiência profissional foram considerados potencialidades; os limites foram: a primeira abordagem do assunto, a existência de tabus e questões culturais e as funções burocráticas do enfermeiro. Perceberam-se, como necessidades, uma maior capacitação profissional, a orientação da população e a implementação de políticas públicas, programas e protocolos. Conclusão: para promover a saúde da mulher é necessário um olhar mais atento e seguro do enfermeiro, pois a sexualidade deve ser vista como parte indissociável da vida feminina.
Pessoas com deficiência no cenário rural: concepção dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde
Authors: Zeni Daiane , Costa Marta Cocco da , Rockemback Fabiana Aparecida , Schenkel Deborah Tainara , Arboit Jaqueline , Honnef Fernanda
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: descrever as concepções dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde sobre as pessoas com deficiência Enfermeira, Doutora em Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)/Docente substituta do Departamento de Enfermagem, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. E-mail: jaqueline.arboit@hotmail.com ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6610-5900que vivem em contexto rural. Método: pesquisa descritivo-exploratória de abordagem qualitativa, realizada em quatro municípios da região noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Participaram treze Agentes Comunitários de Saúde. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre janeiro e fevereiro de 2018 por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, analisadas pela modalidade temática. Resultados: as concepções dos profissionais estão ancoradas especialmente nas palavras “dificuldade”, “atenção”, “cuidado”, “desprezo” e “acesso”. Ademais, desvelam o conhecimento insuficiente acerca das pessoas com deficiência residentes no cenário rural, ao desconhecerem os diferentes tipos de deficiências existentes ou apontarem condições que não se enquadram em sua conceituação. Conclusão: evidenciou-se a necessidade premente de instrumentalização destes profissionais de saúde sobre o tema, a fim de proporcionar uma atenção à saúde com base na integralidade e equidade.
Significados expressos por acompanhante sobre a sua inclusão no parto e nascimento assistido por enfermeiras obstétricas
Authors: Quaresma Michele De Lima Janotti , Viana Ádane Domingues , Rocha Cristiane Rodrigues da , Figueiredo Nébia Maria Almeida de , Machado Wilian César Alves , Tonini Teresa
Published: November 2020

Objetivos: descrever as características do acompanhante da parturiente no centro obstétrico de uma maternidade do município do Rio de Janeiro e compreender o significado atribuído por eles à sua presença no parto e nascimento assistido por enfermeiras obstétricas. Método: abordagem qualitativa e caráter descritivo. Realizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas com 31 acompanhantes, após vivenciarem parto assistido por enfermeira obstétrica. Os dados coletados foram organizados sistematicamente e submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Resultados: a participação do acompanhante no parto está garantida às parturientes; sua escolha envolve o interesse dos familiares, principalmente dos parceiros, em compartilhar esse momento. A assistência prestada por enfermeiras obstétricas é identificada como facilitadora para inclusão dos familiares, incorporando sua presença à realização de cuidados voltados para conforto e alívio da dor no trabalho de parto. Conclusão: a interação entre enfermeiras obstétricas e acompanhantes proporcionou aos participantes conforto e segurança com o parto normal, sentimentos de gratidão e satisfação.
Vivências e significados da Consulta do Enfermeiro em puericultura: análise à luz de Wanda Horta
Authors: Siega Cheila Karei , Adamy Edlamar Kátia , Toso Beatriz Rosana Gonçalves de Oliveira , Zocche Denise Antunes de Azambuja , Zanatta Elisangela Argenta
Published: November 2020

Objetivos: analisar os significados atribuídos à Consulta do Enfermeiro em puericultura na Atenção Primária à Saúde à luz da Teoria de Wanda Horta e conhecer as vivências desses profissionais acerca da sua operacionalização. Método: pesquisa-ação com 15 enfermeiros atuantes na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Dados coletados por entrevistas semiestruturadas, organizados, considerando a análise de conteúdo e interpretados à luz da Teoria. Resultados: revelaram-se três categorias: história pregressa e atual da criança e sua família; Etapas para a implementação do cuidado sistematizado e Dificuldades para realizar a Consulta do Enfermeiro em puericultura na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Conclusão: em suas vivências os enfermeiros relatam dificuldades que culminam na fragmentação da Consulta, entretanto, a significam como oportunidade para conhecer a criança e família na sua integralidade. A operacionalização sistemática da Consulta em puericultura proporciona o empoderamento profissional, qualificação da assistência e fortalecimento da profissão como ciência do cuidado.
Questões de gênero na consulta pré-natal de enfermagem: percepções das enfermeiras residentes
Authors: Nascimento Caroline Macedo do , Barbosa Dayane Da Silva Palha , Pereira Adriana Lenho de Figueiredo , Mouta Ricardo José De Oliveira , Silva Sandra Cristina De Souza Borges
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: descrever as percepções das enfermeiras em processo de qualificação para a assistência pré-natal acerca das questões de gênero na consulta de enfermagem. Método: estudo qualitativo e realizado com enfermeiras em qualificação na modalidade de residência nos serviços da atenção pré-natal do município do Rio de Janeiro. As entrevistas semiestruturadas ocorreram de outubro a novembro de 2016. Aplicou-se a análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: normas de gênero são relacionadas com valores e comportamentos tradicionais na maternidade e paternidade. Iniquidades de gênero são vistas como causa das violências às mulheres e do limitado envolvimento masculino na gestação. Há restrições na abordagem do gênero nos serviços, apesar de haver homens que buscam uma paternidade mais ativa e casais homoafetivos que recorrem ao atendimento pré-natal. Conclusão: propostas de intervenção com perspectiva de gênero são necessárias na assistência pré-natal e serem aplicadas na qualificação profissional, em âmbito individual e coletivo.
A avaliação em filosofia na perspectiva da igualdade e da emancipação: “vontade”, “atenção” e “busca”
Authors: Nogueira Suédson Relva , Teixeira Neto José
Published: November 2020

Fruto da pesquisa feita no Mestrado Profissional em Filosofia (PROF-FILO), Núcleo da Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), o artigo tem por objetivo apresentar a parte teórico-filosófica e os resultados da ação educativo-filosófica que aconteceu na Escola Estadual Professora Calpúrnia Caldas de Amorim (EECCAM). Utilizamos como aporte teórico principal O mestre ignorante de J. Rancière. Apesar de considerar a experiência docente do pesquisador e as perspectivas pedagógicas (HOFFMANN, 2009; 2010; LUCKESI, 2010; 2011), a abordagem filosófica do tema exigiu direcionar a pesquisa para uma questão inicial “O que é a Filosofia?”, pois as escolhas didáticas, metodológicas, os conteúdos e as abordagens no ensino-aprendizagem da Filosofia decorrem e devem estar ligadas às possíveis e subjetivas respostas que o/a professor/a de Filosofia dá a essa questão inicial (BOAVIDA, 1996; CERLETTI, 2003; 2009; TOMAZETTI, 2014). As metodologias utilizadas na pesquisa foram a bibliográfica, com análise da obra principal e de obras secundárias e, para a ação educativo-filosófica, a qualitativa, com pesquisa-ação como abordagem (LAVILLE, 1999; SEVERINO, 2007; GHEDIN; FRANCO, 2011; MINAYO, 2012). Foi possível constatar, na ação educativa-filosófica, que mais do que compreender as ideias contidas em O mestre ignorante, os/as participantes puderam aprender sobre o ensino, a aprendizagem e a avaliação da Filosofia no nível médio; puderam também aprender sobre os papéis dos/as professores/as e alunos/as, principais personagens da ação educativa; e, acima de tudo, a ação educativa-filosófica possibilitou aos/às participantes da pesquisa, cada um à sua medida, reconhecer alguns aspectos de suas próprias capacidades intelectuais.
Researchers' Seedbeds for the Development of Research Skills in Universities
Authors: C. Rodríguez-Vargas Martha , O. Alcázar-Aguilar Oscar , L. Gil-Cueva Silvia , Garay-Argandoña Rafael , M. Hernandez Ronald
Published: November 2020

The objective of this study is to demonstrate the effects of the application of the pedagogical strategy "researcher's seedbed" in the development of research skills in universities. This research is of quasi-experimental, longitudinal and prospective design, where 2 groups were formed: control and experimental, of 18 students each. A validated instrument was used to measure the research competences, as well as a rubric for the evaluation of the research projects. It began with a pre-test, and after 14 weeks of the development of the strategy, through different educational sessions, the post-test was administered. Likewise, the research projects carried out were evaluated. The results obtained showed that the pedagogical strategy had a positive effect on the development of research skills, with the highest evaluation being found in 40% of the students, with statistically significant differences between the control and experimental groups (Mann Whitney U, p=0.007), and between the pre-test and post-test (Wilcoxon, p=0.00). In the development of cognitive and procedural competence, an effect was also found in the strategy, but not in the attitudinal competence (Mann Whitney U, p=0.496). The application of this study is based on the fact that the formation of research groups in universities strengthens formative research in higher level students. This study shows the benefits of the implementation of strategies for the development of research competencies, since the product will be to train professionals with a scientific culture in favor of society.
Coercion, Violation of Privacy and Everyday Difficulties as the Cause of Patient Refusal Treatment in Psychiatric Hospitals in Russia
Authors: K. Rzhevskaya Natalia , A. Ruzhenkov Viktor , V. Ruzhenkova Victoria , S. Moskvitina Ulyana , A. Kolosova Marina
Published: November 2020

Treatment in a psychiatric hospital is accompanied by a restriction of independence, violation of privacy, coercion, which causes displeasure of patients. The aim of the study was to verify the scale of everyday problems, violations of privacy and coercion in a psychiatric hospital to develop recommendations for the organization of a therapeutic environment. The study included 191 patients in a psychiatric hospital. Anonymous questionnaire was used. Statistical processing of the database was carried out by nonparametric methods. The majority of patients (67%) estimated the conditions of stay in a psychiatric hospital at 7-10 points (10-point scale), but half of them complained about the need for self-purchase of drugs. A full night's sleep was disturbed by the snoring of others (56.5%), an uncomfortable bed (36.6%), bright light (26.2%). The poor diet was indicated by 45.5% of patients. Patients indicated coercion by medical staff: retention (11.5%), forced administration of drugs (12%), coercion to consent to treatment (22%), refusal to discharge from hospital (35.1%). It was reported that there was a violation of privacy in the toilet (36.6%), difficulties to observe the intimate hygiene (16.8%). These problems caused patients to refuse inpatient treatment if there was the possibility of outpatient treatment (65.2% of men and 52.6% of women). Despite the low level of claims of patients to living conditions, it is important to respect their rights in psychiatric hospitals to privacy, creating a comfortable living space, the organization of differentiated methods of observation by medical staff.
The Struggle for Symbolic Space: The Choice of the Patron-Spirit of the City of Kazan
Authors: Sergeev Sergey , Sergeeva Zulfia
Published: November 2020

In the article, the concept of “genius of a place” is defined as a historical or mythological character of particular importance for the locality, possible applicants for the role of “genius of a place” in Kazan are considered, the political and social mechanisms that determine the nomination of one or another applicant are identified. The authors suggest that the “genius of the place” of Kazan is not a certain static, formed, and integral image. The population of Kazan is heterogeneous, and the various groups of its constituents — the administrative and managerial elite and the intelligentsia, conservatives and liberals, Russians and Tatars — have their idea of what the “genius of the place” of Kazan should look like. Researchers come to the conclusion that the “genius of the place” is an embodied group sociocultural ideal, and the struggle and conflicts taking place in a symbolic form partly prevent the transformation of existing intergroup contradictions into real ethnosocial and ethnopolitical conflicts.
English Business Slang as a Component of the Business Language (in a Comparative Aspect with Russian Business Slang)
Authors: Sh. Shakirova Dilyara , K. Ismagilova Gulyusa
Published: November 2020

In business dealing in an English-speaking background, you can often find some abbreviations, acronyms, and special vocabulary exceptionally related to business and business life. The present article is concerned with the problem of the formation and use of English business slang in modern English business discourse in respect of the comparative aspect with Russian-language slang. We have analyzed the following main problems: theoretical aspects of the concept of “slang”, special aspects of the study of this issue by modern linguists, the use of slang in business discourse. We have made conclusions about the compositional, structural, lexical, and semantic features of the business language, and also analyzed the role of English business slang.
Calming Ethnic Conflicts: The Role of the form of Government
Authors: Zaznaev Oleg , Sidorov Viktor
Published: November 2020

This article discusses the causation between forms of government, on the one hand, and ethnic conflicts on the other. This topic has received little attention in political science. The article gives a critical review of academic discussions on the relationship between ethnic conflicts and forms of government. How to calm ethnic conflict through the combination of institutions that represent ethnic groups’ interests and provide peaceful ethnic dialogue? Which institutional design prevents ethnic conflicts? Prevention and resolution of ethnic conflicts are the functions of political institutions in a multi-ethnic society. Calming ethnic conflict could come from both an institutional and a non-institutional manner. The form of government is the institutional mechanism for managing ethnic conflicts, along with the decentralization of power and the electoral system. Empirical and theoretical observations show that ethnic conflict is more likely to happen in parliamentary systems than presidential ones, but other political institutional arrangements are important too. The authors present arguments for supporting this conclusion.
The Problem of Own and Alien in Dovlatov's Cycle “Suitcase”
Authors: Mahbobzadh Sara , Harisovna Nasrutdinova Liliya , Munjal Girish
Published: November 2020

The article deals with various aspects of the reception of the concepts "Own" and "Alien" in S. Dovlatov's "Suitcase" cycle: material, ideological, philosophical, socio - and ethnocultural, etc. Special attention is paid to the reception of the categories of Soviet and official as not-Own. An important component of the problem of Own and Alien in the "Suitcase" cycle is also the attitude of the hero-narrator to Soviet and American culture. Widely articulated desire to associate his biography and professional activities allows us to conclude about the hero’s attempt to position himself as a person outside the Soviet system. The appeal to the realities of culture helps the author to identify their value orientations and express their attitude to people and the world. Certainly, the significance of the problem of the correlation of Own and Alien in the literary heritage of S. Dovlatov is predetermined by his status as a dissident writer and an immigrant writer. However, the writer is not characterized by a tendency toward the antithetic character of creating an opposition between Own and Alien. In the art world of S. Dovlatov, there are no types of "stigmatized Alien" and "hostile Alien". Moreover, the model of his interaction with the world is defined as "Own among your Own".
Gender-Based Violence: Typology and Solutions
Authors: Danilovna Shaibakova Kamila
Published: November 2020

There are a few solutions that could at least influence the decrease of GBVAW. One of them is raising awareness, informing people about their rights and opportunities to seek help and support is crucial. Victims of GBV often experience psychological problems which come together with stigma, shame and feeling of deserving the violence. Raising awareness could be done differently, using different platforms. The social media took its stand in solving important social issues. Celebrities, influencers, micro-influencers cover the topics of GBVAW and information on how to seek help. Undoubtedly, the work of NGOs and women shelters are important as never. Thus, Educational pages, just as other pragmatic apparatuses committed to handling lewd behavior, savagery as well as sexual orientation correspondence is a need. One of the ways to raise awareness and empower women and girls is to encourage victims to speak out and seek help both legal and psychological as well as the support of the family and friends. Therefore, one of the paramount importance is to erase the shame and stigma around the GBVAW. Undoubtedly, the legal framework shall support women in their intentions to seek help. Unfortunately, this became one of the most significant problems for several countries. In numerous states, enactment tending to sex based savagery against ladies is non-existent, deficient or ineffectively actualized. As well as seeking financing to sustain the women’s shelters and hotline. That became apparent during the lockdown, a lot of the women’s support centers had to close due to the shortage of financing. COVID-19 in addition to making a lot of harm to the state of GBVAW in the world at the same time brought new ideas to fight with it. Thus, during the lockdown, some of the police forces introduced special apps for reporting a GBVAW crime. Thus, an aggressor could not understand that a report had been made. This model of reporting is an excellent tool to seek help especially when a situation is highly dangerous.
The Essence of Project Education at the English Lessons in Higher Education Institution
Authors: Mustafina R.F. , Ilina M.S. , Shcherbakova I.A.
Published: November 2020

The article reveals the essence of project education in the classroom in the foreign (English) language of students of non-linguistic specialties of the University. Project training is considered by the author as one of the effective teaching methods that allows you to transform academic knowledge into real life experience of students. The author draws attention to the fact that the inclusion of project activities in the educational process of students of the university contributes to the formation and development of information skills that quite effectively fits into the educational process, carried out in the form of a workshop, effective if all the stages of the project activities that necessarily include the presentation. The implementation of project training was carried out on the basis of the University. A sample of the study consisted of 20 first-year students of profile "Lawyer". The study took place in three stages. At the organizational stage, primary diagnostics of the communicative competence development level was carried out through testing and a communicative case. At the second stage, the project activity was carried out within one semester within the framework of the four topics in accordance with the thematic plan of the English language program: “Trip planning”, “The development of the ecological situation”, “Which is better: city or in the countryside?”, “Young people in modern society”. At the third stage, re-diagnosis was carried out by means of testing and a communicative case.
Radio Broadcasting Experience and Development Prospects (European Scientific Dialogue)
Authors: A. Ryazantsev Vadim , V. Polonskiy Andrey , I. Karpenko Irina , I. Radchenko Elena , M. Narozhnyaya Svetlana
Published: November 2020

The paper presents an analysis of various opinions concerning radio-industry development issues, given new IT processes implemented in mass media. The authors study the technological evolution of radio broadcasting in terms of analyzing its main development stages. They provide an assessment of listeners’ high confidence in radio broadcasts as compared to other mass media sources. Focus is placed on promoting sonic brands in the sphere of media-communication. The researchers also pay special attention to podcasting as a new way to listen to audio-content. The advantages and possible consequences of podcasting influence on radio-industry are assessed. The research is based on the expert discussion on radio broadcasting issues which took place at “Radiodays Europe 2019”.
Language Indigenization in Terms of Language Contacts (Based on the Nigerian English Variant)
Authors: Baghana Jerome , N. Prokhorova Olga , V. Chekulai Igor , G. Voloshina Tatiana , A. Sheyfel Natalia
Published: November 2020

The purpose of the article is to identify the specifics of the English language Indigenization procedure on the territory of Nigeria, one of the largest countries in West Africa. The research work has the complex system to analyze the cultural and linguistic processes, which are manifested in the study under the influence of cultural factors and its influence on the language functioning. The practical work part is based on the analysis of the language thematic groups “National food” and “National clothes” presenting the specific features of Nigerian English. The results show, Nigerian English has a wide range of words denoting local realities and reflecting the adaptation of the English language to the Nigerian culture peculiarities, which are the process of indigenization. All in all, English words with new lexical meanings, words from Nigerian languages, and Portuguese loanwords have been used for naming local food and clothing elements.
Limited Sanity in the Legislation of Russia and Europe
Authors: Yu. Zhilina Natalia , S. Burtsev Andrey , I. Lyakhova Anzhelika , V. Savelieva Irina , S. Shumilina Oksana
Published: November 2020

This article presents the author’s analysis of the problem of limited sanity in the criminal law theory and practice of Russia and Europe. The author established that the problem of limited sanity, despite its long history, has not yet been developed in many countries, and that the boundaries of the concept of limited sanity are extremely vague and indefinite. However, the experience of some foreign countries in terms of ensuring security measures can be used in the Russian Federation.