bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HISTOPATOLOGIA COMPARATIVA EM FÍGADOS DE BOVINOS, BUBALINOS E OVINOS INFECTADOS POR Fasciola hepatica
Authors: BOSTELMANN S.C.W. , LUZ E. , THOMAZ-SOCCOL V. , CIRIO S. M.
Published: December 2014

Através técnicas de rotina para histopatologia foram examinados fígados de bovinos, bubalinos e ovinos infectados por Fasciola hepatica. As colorações utilizadas foram Hematoxilina- Eosina, Tricrômico de Schorr, Tricrômico de Mallory e Azul de Toluidina. As principais lesões observadas foram cortes de parasitas em ductos biliares, fibrose portal, hiperplasia de ducto biliar, fibrose de parede de ducto biliar e infiltração por linfócitos, plasmócitos, eosinófilos e neutrófilos. Lesões de ductos biliares mais calibrosos são observados mais acentuadamente em bovinos e bubalinos que em ovinos. No entanto, a eosinofilia está presente de forma mais acentuada em ovinos que nas demais espécies. Comparando os resultados obtidos, conclui-se que a fasciolose em bovinos e bubalinos se trata de uma doença crônica. Nos ovinos o predomínio de eosinófilos caracteriza fase inicial de fasciolose crônica. Hepatopathology of infection by Fasciola hepatica in cattle, buffaloes and sheep Abstract A histopathological study on hepatic lesions caused by Fasciola hepatica has been carried out three domestic ruminants: cattle, buffalos and sheep. Liver samples were processed by routine histological methods. The staining procedures included hematoxilin-eosine, Schorr (triple staining), Mallory (triple staining) and toluidine blue. The most frequent lesions found were the following ones: parasite sections inside the billiary ducts, portal system fibrosis and billiary duct hyperplasia. Lymphocytes, plasmocytes, eosinophils and neutrophils, characteristics of a chronic disease, were found in bovines and bubalines. The presence of eosinophils in sheeps was characteristic of the initial phase of a chronic fascioliasis.
QUANTIFICAÇÃO HISTOLÓGICA DA ESPERMATOGÊNESE DE RATOS WISTAR TRATADOS COM DIMETIL SULFÓXIDO
Authors: ALMEIDA L.M. , WEISS R.R. , CASTRO C.S. , BÜCHELE J.
Published: December 2014

Avaliaram-se através de histologia testicular quantitativa os efeitos da ação do Dimetil Sulfóxido (DMSO) na espermatogênese de 28 ratos adultos albinos da raça Wistar. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos - Controle e Experimental - e submetidos a dois tipos de tratamento: no primeiro tratamento, o Grupo Experimental (10 animais) recebeu aplicações tópicas de DMSO no jarrete, duas vezes ao dia, na dosagem de 1 g/kg-1 de peso vivo, durante sete dias consecutivos; no segundo tratamento, o Grupo Experimental (7 animais) recebeu aplicações tópicas de DMSO no escroto duas vezes ao dia, na dosagem de 1 g/kg-1 de peso vivo, durante 54 dias consecutivos; os Grupos Controles (8 e 3 animais) receberam aplicações de solução salina friccionada na pele do jarrete e do escroto duas vezes ao dia, por período equivalente ao dos tratamentos, respectivamente. Proporções volumétricas dos componentes do parênquima testicular, diâmetro dos túbulos seminíferos, contagem dos elementos celulares do epitélio seminífero e rendimento intrínseca da espermatogênese não apresentaram diferença significativa entre os grupos Controles e Experimentais. O processo espermatogênico não sofreu alteração após a aplicação do DMSO. Histological quantification of spermatogenesis in dimethyl sulfoxide treated wistar rats Abstract In order to provide a more accurate analysis on the effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on spermatogenesis in mammals, an experiment was carried out with albino Wistar rats. A total of 28 rats, 78 days old and average weight of 325 g were divided in one control group and two experimental groups - G1 and G2. Rats from G1 were treated with topic applications of DMSO in the hock twice a day at a dosage of 1.0 g/kg of live weight for 7 consecutive days. Rats from G2 received topic applications of DMSO at the scrotum twice a day at a dosage of 1.0 g/kg of live weight for 54 consecutive days. The control group was swabbed with saline on the hock and the scrotal skin twice a day for the same period as the treatment of G1 and G2 groups. Volumetric proportions of the testicular parenchyma, diameter of the somniferous tubules, counting of cell types in the somniferous epithelium and intrinsic spermatogenesis yield showed no significant differences (P
UTILIZAÇÃO DO HALQUINOL COMO PROMOTOR DE CRESCIMENTO E COADJUVANTE NO CONTROLE DA COCCIDIOSE EM FRANGOS DE CORTE
Authors: CARDOSO M. A. B , FLEMMING J. S. , FLEMMING F. F.
Published: December 2014

O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi o de estudar a influência da utilização do halquinol (uma mistura de 5,7-dicloro-8-quinolinol, 5-cloro-8 quinolinol e 7-cloro-8-quinolinol) como promotor de crescimento, bem como sua possível ação no controle da coccidiose, em frangos de corte. Foram analisados parâmetros como ganho de peso, conversão alimentar, viabilidade e índice de eficiência produtiva. Foram constituídos 6 tratamentos, num total de 2880 aves criadas em piso, com diferentes níveis da droga na ração. Observou-se que a utilização do halquinol como promotor de crescimento não alterou significativamente (P>0.05) o ganho de peso, a conversão alimentar e a viabilidade das aves. A associação do halquinol a outros promotores de crescimento também não influenciou positivamente (P>0.05) os parâmetros zootécnicos avaliados. No segundo estudo, num experimento em gaiolas procurou-se avaliar a ação do halquinol no controle da coccidiose, comparando-se a ação de 30 g/ton do produto associado ou não ao coccidiostático maduramicina frente à inoculação de diferentes Eimerias. Foram utilizadas 40 aves criadas em gaiolas que receberam um inoculo misto de E.tenella, E. acervulina e E. máxima, sendo então realizado escore de lesões. Como resultado observou-se que a utilização do halquinol potencializa a ação da maduramicina no controle da E. acervulina, não apresentando entretanto qualquer efeito no controle da E. máxima e E.tenella. Utilization of halquinol as a growth promoter and coadjuvanto on coccidiosis control in broilers Abstract The main purpose of this stud was to invetigate the clorade-8-hidroxiquinolim (halquinol) drug influence as a promoter of growth, as well as it´s possible action in the coccidiosis control in chicken for human consumption. Some parameters have been analised such as weight gain, food conversion ,viability and produtive efficiency index. Six treatments were undertaken, on a total of 2880 birds raised on flat surface with different levels of drug in then feed .It was noted that the utilization of halquinol as a promoter of growth didn´t alter significantly (P>0.05) the weight gain, the feed conversion and the viability of the birds. The addition of halquinol to other growth promoters also didn´t influence positively (P>0.05) the evalueted zootechnical parameters. In the second study, during a bird cage experiment there was no attempt to evaluate the halquinol action in the control of coccidiosis by comparing the of 30 g/ton of clorade-8-hidroxiquinolin (halquinol) associade or not with maduramicine coccidiostatic during the Eimerias innoculation. There were utilize 40 cages raised birds wich received a mixed E. tennela, E. acervulina e E. maxima inoculum, and was performed a lesion count. As a result it was observed that the utilization of halquinol potencializes the maduramicine action in the control of E. acervulina; however no showing any effect in the control of E.maxima and E. tenella.
SEGMENTOS ANÁTOMO-CIRÚRGICOS ARTERIAIS DA GLÂNDULA MAMÁRIA EM CÃES (Canis familiaris, Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: LUIZ C. R. , MIGLINO M. A. , SANTOS T. C.
Published: December 2014

Trinta complexos mamários (60 antímeros) de cadelas adultas, sem raça definida, foram estudados após injeções com substância látex e através de radiografias. Os segmentos anátomo-cirúrgicos arteriais foram identificados e nomeados de acordo com a localização das glândulas mamárias irrigadas, como se segue: as Aa. 4ª e 5ª perfurantes penetram na mama 1 em 85% dos casos - segmento torácico; 6ª e 7ª perfurantes penetram na mama 2 em 48,33% - segmento toraco-abdominal; A. epigástrica cranial superficial tem divisão intraparenquimal em: 1. rr. retrógrados à mama 2 em 51,66% - segmento toraco-abdominal cranial; 2. rr. terminais à mama 3 em 73,32% - segmento toraco-abdominal caudal. A A. epigástrica caudal superficial divide-se em 2 sub-segmentos: 1. seus rr. primários e rr. labiais ventrais à mama 5 e 4 em 96,66% - segmento inguino-abdominal caudal; 2. rr. terminais à mama 3 em 51,66% - segmento inguino-abdominal cranial. Foram evidenciadas anastomoses em 78,33%, todavia estas podem não ser significativas nas mastectomias. Arterial anatomosurgical segments of the mammary glands in dogs (Canis familiaris, Linnaeus, 1758) Abstract Thirty mammary complexes (sixty antimers) from cross bred multiparous bitches, were injected with latex and then studied by means of radiology and dissection. The different anatomo-surgical arterial segments thus obtained were identified and designated according to the anatomical zone of irrigation of each mammary gland as follows: 1. Thoracic segment, by means of the fourth and fifth perforant arteries, penetrates the first mammary gland in 85% of the cases; 2. Thoracoabdominal segment, by means of the sixth and seventh perforant arteries, penetrates the second mammary gland in 48.33 % of the cases. This segment can also be divided as follows: 2.1. Retrograde branches of the cranial superficial epigastric artery that penetrates the second mammary gland in about 51.66% of the cases, as the toracoabdominal cranial segment; 2.2. Terminal branches of the last artery penetrate the third mammary gland in 73.32% of the cases, as the toracoabdominal caudal segment. 3. Inguinoabdominal segment may also possess two sub-- segments: 3.1. Caudal superficial epigastric artery with primary branches penetrating the fourth mamma and the ventral labial branches, penetrating the fifth mamma in 96.66% of the cases, as inguinoabdomninal caudal segment. 3.2. Terminal branches of the caudal superficial epigastric artery penetrates the third mamma in 51.66% of the cases as inguinoabdominal cranial segment. The anastomosis observed in 78.33% of the cases may not have significance in mastectomy.
BLOQUEIO DO PLEXO BRAQUIAL EM CÃES UTILIZANDO BUPIVACAÍNA
Authors: PEREIRA M.T.C. , CARVALHO S.F.M.
Published: December 2014

Com o objetivo de se avaliar os efeitos da anestesia regional do membro torácico de cães utilizando bupivacaína, 10 cães sem raça definida, foram submetidos ao bloqueio do plexo braquial. Foi notado relaxamento muscular, perda de sensibilidade e analgesia de todo o membro. O estudo mostrou que esta é uma anestesia fácil de ser realizada e uma alternativa quando o paciente não pode se submeter a uma anestesia geral. Brachial plexus block in dogs using bupivacaine Abstract To evaluate the effects of regional anaesthesia in the brachial plexus of dogs using bupivacaine, 10 mixed breed dogs were submitted to brachial plexus blockage. Muscular relaxation, lost of sensibility signs and analgesia of the limb were noticed. The present study has shown that regional anaesthesia is easy to perform being an alternative procedure when the dog has no condition to be submitted to general anaesthesia.
COMPOSIÇÃO DA FORRAGEM E OS PARÂMETROS DE GORDURA DO CREME DE LEITE E DA MANTEIGA
Authors: FLEMMING J.S. , BRUM J.V.F. , FREITAS J.R.S. , MAIORKA A. , PIEKARSKI P.R.B. , MONTANHINI NETO R. , CARVALHO A. , DALLAGNOL E.M.
Published: December 2014

Na região sul do Brasil, no fim do inverno e início da primavera as pastagens estão em início de crescimento, apresentando alto teor de extrato etéreo, rico em ácidos graxos insaturados, com baixo teor de fibra estrutural e baixo teor de matéria seca, proporcionando queda de produção e alteração da composição de ácidos graxos do leite. Em estudo conduzido em uma indústria de laticínios na região metropolitana de Curitiba procurou-se correlacionar as variações nutricionais estacionais das forragens e a sua influência nos teores de gordura e acidez do leite. Foram coletadas amostras de forragens nos meses de julho, agosto e setembro de 2001. As alterações verificadas pela mudança de tipo de forragem (Brachiaria decumbens e Lolium multiflorum) determinaram alterações significativas (P
APPLICATION OF KJELDAHL AND DUMAS COMBUSTION METHODS FOR NITROGEN ANALYSIS
Authors: SADER A.P.O. , OLIVEIRA S.G. , BERCHIELLI T.T.
Published: December 2014

O método padrão de Kjeldahl vem sendo substituído pelo método de combustão Dumas na determinação do nitrogênio total (NT) em alimentos. Estes procedimentos foram utilizados para avaliar amostras de rotina em laboratórios de nutrição animal (concentrados, forragens, excreta e conteúdo duodenal). A covariável nitrato (N-NO3) interferiu na determinação do NT em função da metodologia empregada. Foi observada uma correlação positiva entre os métodos utilizados para cada grupo avaliado: ingredientes volumosos, Kjeldahl-N = 1.1661 + 0.9216 Dumas-N (R2=0.99); alimentos energéticos, Kjeldahl-N = 0.6376 + 0.9445 Dumas-N (R2=0.72) e alimentos protéicos, Kjeldahl- N = 6.5638 + 0.8615 Dumas-N (R2=0.97). As médias para NT dos alimentos, ajustadas para a covariável, não diferiram entre os métodos (P > 0,05). O desvio padrão do teor de N dentro e entre os métodos utilizados estão dentro dos intervalos permitidos pela literatura, o que, associado ao fato da metodologia de Dumas consistir em uma técnica não poluente ao ambiente, indica ser esta metodologia capaz de substituir com vantagens o procedimento de Kjeldahl em análises de rotina em laboratórios de nutrição animal. Abstract The Kjeldahl procedure has been replaced by Dumas combustion procedure for total N determination in feeds. These methods were compared using routine samples in the animal nutrition laboratory (concentrates, forages, excreta and duodenal content). NO3-N covariate interfered on total N determination according to the procedure used. A significant correlation for crude protein (CP) content was observed between methods used for each group: grass silage component, Kjeldahl-N = 1.1661 + 0.9216 Dumas-N (R2=0.99); energy feeds, Kjeldahl-N = 0.6376 + 0.9445 Dumas-N (R2=0.72) and protein feeds, Kjeldahl-N = 6.5638 + 0.8615 Dumas-N (R2=0.97). Means for total N contents from components, adjusted by covariance, were not different (P > 0.05) between both methods. Considering that the standard deviation for N content obtained by the two methods stayed within the intervals observed in the literature, corroborated by the fact that Dumas combustion procedure using the analyzer LECOFP 528 LC is not harmful to the environment it was concluded, that this method can replace with advantages the Kjeldahl procedure in routine animal nutrition N analyzes.
EFEITOS GENÉTICOS E AMBIENTAIS SOBRE PESOS À DESMAMA DE BOVINOS DA RAÇA NELORE MOCHA, NA REGIÃO PECUÁRIA OESTE SÃO PAULO  PARANÁ
Authors: SOUZA M.C.A. , FERRAZ FILHO P.B. , SILVA L.O.C. , SOUZA J.C. , MALHADO C.H.M.
Published: December 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar efeitos de ambiente e genéticos direto e materno sobre o pesos à desmama de bovinos Nelore Mocho nascidos e criados na região pecuária Oeste São Paulo - Paraná. Pelo método dos quadrados mínimos foram avaliados os fatores ambientais, estação e ano de nascimento, sexo do bezerro e a idade da vaca ao parto. Os efeitos genéticos foram estimados pelo método da máxima verossimilhança restrita por intermédio de um modelo estatístico contendo os efeitos aleatórios, genético direto, materno e de ambiente permanente, e o erro, além dos efeitos fixos de grupos contemporâneos (fazenda, sexo, estação e ano de nascimento do animal) e a covariável idade da vaca ao parto (efeito linear e quadrático). O peso médio observado foi de 160 ± 24kg com coeficiente de variação de 14,7%. O sexo da cria, o ano e a estação de nascimento e a idade da vaca, influenciaram significativamente (P
CAPA
Authors: Bahl Miguel
Published: December 2014

CAPA
БҮДҮҮН НООСНЫ ХЯЛГАСЛАГ ШИРХЭГТИЙГ ГЭМТЭЭГЧ ШАВЬЖТАЙ ХИМИЙН АРГААР ТЭМЦСЭН ТУРШИЛТЫН ДҮН
Authors: Норовсүрэн Л. , Ганбат Г. , Мягмар Ч.
Published: December 2014

Бид бүдүүн ноосны хялгаслаг ширхэгтийг гэмтээгч хивэн эрвээхийтэй химийн аргаар тэмцэх туршилтанд Каратэ инсектицидийг 0.4мл/м2, 0.6мл/м2, 0.8мл/м2 тунгаар 4 хувилбар, 5 давталтаар лабораторийн нөхцөлд туршив. Туршилтын дүнгээс үзэхэд Каратэ инсектицид нь хивэн эрвээхийтэй тэмцэхэд 0.8мл/м2 тундаа 97.9-99.0%-ийн техникийн үр дүн үзүүлж байгаа нь ашигтай тун болохыг харуулж байна.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v12i1.245
МАХНЫ ЧИГЛЭЛИЙН ХОНЬ, ҮХРИЙН GDF 8 ГЕНИЙН СУДАЛГАА
Authors: Ундармаа Б. , Алтангэрэл Д. , Лхагвасүрэн С.
Published: December 2014

Манай оронд махны чиглэлээр зонхилон үржүүлж буй хонь, үхрийн давхар булчинжилтыг хариуцагч меостатин генийн хэсэгт мутаци үүссэн эсэх талаар хийсэн судалгааны үр дүн бага учир бид энэ чиглэлийн нарийвчилсан судалгаа хийх зорилгын хүрээнд эхний шатанд меостатин генийн хувьсамжит хэсгийг өвөрмөц праймер ашиглан илрүүллээ.Уг судалгаанд махны чиглэлийн Үзэмчин үүлдрийн хонь тус бүрээс 10 цус, Сэлэнгэ үүлдрийн үхэр тус бүрээс 5 салст, нийт 15 дээжийг шинжиллээ. Шинжилгээнд ирсэн дээжний үзэмчин хонины цуснаас ялгасан ДНХ-ийн 3, сэлэнгэ үхрийн салстаас ялгасан 4, нийт 7 дээж нь ПГУ-ын дүнд 299 bp урттай бүтээгдэхүүн олширч, гельд толбо илэрсэн бөгөөд үүний үр дүнд меостатин генийг үргэлжлүүлэн судлах боломж бүрдэж байна.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v12i1.246
СЭЛЭНГЭ ҮҮЛДРИЙН ӨСВӨР ҮХРИЙГ БОРДСОН ҮР ДҮН
Authors: Эрдэнэчимэг А. , Тогтохбаяр Н. , Гэндарам Х.
Published: December 2014

Махны чиглэлийн өсвөр үхэрт зориулсан уураг амин дэм, эрдэсээр баялаг багсармал тэжээл үйлдвэрлэж Сэлэнгэ үүлдрийн өсвөр үхрийг бордоход хоногийн нэмэгдэл жин бяруунд 422 г, шүдлэнд 363 г байсан бол нядлагын гарц бяруунд 49.18, шүдлэнд 54.91 % байлаа.Бидний судалгаа хийсэн бяруу өвсийг 95.60 %, шүдлэн 95.24 % харин багсармал тэжээлийг аль ч насных 100 % идэж байна.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v12i1.249
АНАЛИЗ СОСТОЯНИЯ ЖИВОТНОВОДСТВА МОНГОЛИИ И РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН
Authors: Казкенова А. , Айнаканова Б.
Published: December 2014

Животноводство Монголии и Казахстана всегда считалось одним из основных направлений в агропромышленном секторе. Оно также является важным экономическим рычагом, ведь для сельского населения животноводство – это, прежде всего, источник занятости и доходов. В последнее десятилетие, именно упорное развитие агропромышленного сектора помогло сельским районам улучшить экономическую позицию.Монголия и Казахстан обладают огромными возможностями в этой сфере, так как территорий для развития этого сектора предостаточно. Более того, в настоящее время большое внимание уделяют развитию животноводства, для того чтобы увеличить численность скота и поднять продуктивность, а также расширить земли под пастбище и их оснащение. Кроме того очень важно, чтобы потребность в молоке и в молочных продуктах городов и сел была покрыта за счет внутренного своего производства.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v12i1.252
ЖОНШНЫ УУРХАЙН БИОЛОГИЙН НӨХӨН СЭРГЭЭЛТЭНД ЭМ-КОМПОСТ БҮХИЙ ХӨРСӨНД УРГУУЛСАН ОЛОН НАСТ ӨВСЛӨГ УРГАМЛЫН ӨСӨЛТ, ХӨГЖИЛТ
Authors: Нацагдорж Д. , Батдэлгэр Б. , Батмөнх Л. , Саран Ж.
Published: December 2014

Уул уурхайн үйлдвэрлэл нь эдийн засагт эерэг үр нөлөөтэй ч байгаль орчны нөхөн сэргээлтийг зайлшгүй хамт хэрэгжүүлэх шаардлагатай салбар юм. Манай улсад уул уурхайн салбарын нөхөн сэргээлтийн асуудлыг олон жил орхигдуулсан нь байгаль орчинд төдийгүй хүн амын эрүүл мэндэд сөргөөр нөлөөлөх хэмжээнд хүрээд байгаа билээ. Тиймээс цаашид цаг алдалгүйгээр нөхөн сэргээлтийн асуудлыг шийдвэрлэх шаардлага тулгарч байна.Үүнтэй уялдан бид Хэнтий аймгийн Дархан сумын нутагт орших Хажуу-улаан 2 нэртэй хайлуур жоншны уурхайн 45 гектар талбайг сонгож 2008-2012 онд ЭМ-компост ашиглаж биологийн нөхөн сэргээлтийг олон наст өвс, модлог ургамлаар явуулах зорилго тавьж дараахь зорилтыг дэвшүүлсэн. Судалгааны ажлын үр дүнд 45 га талбайн 89 % нь бүрэн, 10 орчим хувь нь дунд зэргийн түвшинтэй нөхөн сэргээгдсэн болно. Судалгаагаар хээрийн бүсийн нөхцөлд уурхайн үйл ажиллагаанд өртсөн талбайн хөрсний үржил шим бүрэн алдагдаж, бүтцийн хүрээнд бүрэн элэгдэл эвдрэлд орж сайтар хийгдсэн техникийн нөхөн сэргээлтийн дараа цаг алдалгүй биологийн нөхөн сэргээлт хийвэл үр дүнтэй болох нь батлагдаж байна.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v12i1.253
ТӨМСНИЙ СЕЛЕКЦИЙН ЭХ МАТЕРИАЛ ГАРГАХ АЖЛЫН ҮР ДҮНГЭЭС
Authors: Нямгэрэл Х. , Оргодол Х. , Оюун-Эрдэнэ С.
Published: December 2014

Хөдөө аж ахуйн таримал ургамлын ургацыг нэмэгдүүлж түүний бүтээгдэхүүнт чанарыг дээшлүүлэхэд өөрийн орны хөрс цаг уурын нөхцөлд тохирсон сорт тариалах нь чухал. Дэлхийн улс орнуудад хүлээн зөвшөөрснөөр таримлын ургацын өсөлтөнд нөлөө үзүүлдэг хүчин зүйлсээс хамгийн бага зардалтай, өгөөж сайтай нь селекцийн аргаар шинэ сорт бүтээх явдал юм. Уламжлалт селекцийн /эрлийзжүүлэг/ аргаар төмсний шинэ сорт гаргахад наад зах нь 12-15 жилийн хөдөлмөр зарцуулдаг болохыг дэлхийн практик харуулж байна. Бид 2012 оноос эрлийзжүүлэгийн аргаар төмсний сортын эх материал гаргах, шилэн сонголт хийж тус орны хөрс, цаг уурын нөхцөлд тохирсон шилдэг удам шалгаруулах ажил хийж байна. Энэ ажлын дүнд 46 хослолын2190 булцууны бүл, 6 хослолын 31 шинэ клон бий болгов.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v12i1.259
БУУДАЙН ҮРИЙН МӨӨГӨНЦӨРИЙН ӨВЧНИЙ СУДАЛГАА
Authors: Долгорсүрэн Х. , Энхжаргал Б.
Published: December 2014

Манай орны хүн амын хүнсний гол таримал бол улаан буудай. Буудай тариалж буй талбай, хураан авч байгаа ургацын хэмжээгээрээ газар тариалангийн үйлдвэрлэлд тэргүүн байрыг эзэлдэг бөгөөд үр тарианы ургамлыг 30 гаруй зүйлийн өвчин өвчлүүлж, ургацыг дунджаар 2.6-10.7 хувиар бууруулж байна.Монгол оронд голлон тариалдаг Халх гол-1, Орхон, Дархан-34, Дархан-74 сортыг сонгон авч үрийн өвчний халдварлалт, голлох Alternaria, Helminthosporium, Penicilium, Fusarium өвчнийг илрүүлэн цэвэр өсгөвөр гарган авлаа.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v12i1.266
АГРОПАРК АГРОЦЕНОЗИД БАЙЦААНЫ ХИВЭН ЭРВЭЭХЭЙН ЭСРЭГ ШИНЭ ТӨРЛИЙН БИОЛОГИЙН БА ХИМИЙН БЭЛДМЭЛИЙГ ТУРШСАН СУДАЛГААНЫ ДҮНГЭЭС
Authors: Мөнгөнцацал А. , Ундармаа Д.
Published: December 2014

Дэлхийн улс орнуудад төдийгүй манай оронд ургуулж байгаа хүнсний ногоонуудаас байцаа нь хамгийн их хөнөөлт шавьжийн гэмтэлд өртөгддөг таримал бөгөөд энэхүү судалгаагаар байцааг хамгийн их гэмтээж, ургацанд сөргөөр нөлөөлдөг хөнөөлт шавьж байцааны хивэнгийн /Plutella xylostella L/ хөнөөлийг бууруулах, тархалт нягтралыг багасгахын тулд ил талбайн нөхцөлд био-инсектицүүдийг химийн шинэ төрлийн бэлдмэлтэй харьцуулан сориход Лепидоцидийн 1 л/га тун нь 83,4%, Битоксибациллины 2 кг/га нь тун нь 90.3%, харин химийн бэлдмэл Тараны 0,15 л/га тун нь 88.3% -ийн техник үр дүнг тус тус үзүүллээ. Хувилбаруудын ургацыг хяналттай харьцуулахад био-бэлдмэлүүд 92,5-97,5цн/га, химийн бэлдмэл нь 67,5 цн/га-аар ургацыг тус тус нэмэгдүүлж хамгаалсан байна. Биологийн бэлдмэлүүд нь химийн бэлдмэлээс дутхааргүй үр нөлөө үзүүлж байгаа нь Монгол оронд төдийгүй Дэлхий даяар хүнсний аюулгүй байдлыг ихээр ярих болсон энэ үед химийн бодисын хэрэглээг багасгаж, биологийн бэлдмэлийг хослуулан хэрэглэх боломжтойг харуулж байна.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v12i1.269
БАРУУН БҮСЭД ТАРХСАН ГОЦ ХӨНӨӨЛТ ЧАЦАРГАНЫ ЯЛААГ СУДАЛСАН ДҮНГЭЭС
Authors: Сайнзаяа Ц. , Ундармаа Д.
Published: December 2014

Бидний судалгааны явцад чацарганы ялаа нь 6-р сарын сүүл 7-р сарын эхээр хүүхэлдэйн үе шатнаас гарч 7-р сарын дундуур эвцэлдэж 7-р сарын сүүлээр өндгөө шахаж эхэлдэг нь ажиглагдав. Чацарганы талбай дахь ялааны тооны хөдлөл зүйн судалгаагаар чацарганы ялааны нисэлт 6 сарын 3-р арав хоногоос эхэлж, ид нисэлт нь 7 сарын 2 ба 3-р арав хоногт тохиож байгааг тогтоов. 8 сарын 1 арав хоногоос эхлэн нисэлтийн эрчим буурч, улмаар 9 сарын эхний арав хоногуудад дуусаж байгаа нь судлагдлаа.Чацарганы ялаа нь агаарын температур 18 хэмээс дээш, хөрсний температур 20 хэмээс дээш халсан үед хүүхэлдэйнээс гарч нисэж эхлэх бөгөөд 22-23 хэм болоход идэвхтэй нисэж, тархалтын тоо нь эрс нэмэгдэн олширч байна.Чацарганы ялааны нисэлтийг агаарын болон хөрсөн дэх дулааны хэмтэй хамаарлын судалгаа явуулахад /R²=0.934/-/R²=0.942/ буюу хүчтэй хамааралтай болохыг тогтоолоо. Харин чацарганы ялааны гаралт, тархалт нь хур тунадасны хэмжээнээс сул хамааралтай /R² = 0.324/ ид нисэлтийн үеээр орсон бороо ялааны эсрэг хэрэглэсэн хамгаалалтын хүчийг сулруулж ургац алдахад шууд нөлөө үзүүлж байлаа.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v12i1.271
ХӨДӨЛГҮҮРИЙН ТОСНЫ МЕХАНИК ШИНЖ ЧАНАР БА ЭД АНГИЙН ЭЛЭГДЭХ ХАНДЛАГА
Authors: Даваасүрэн Г. , Гантулга Г. , Цэрмаа Ү.
Published: December 2014

Аливаа машин техник , тэдгээрийн агрегат, зангилаа эд ангийн удаан эдлэхүй, найдвартай ажиллагааг хангах, ашиглалтын үр ашгийг дээшлүүлэх гол хүчин зүйлүүдийн нэг нь тосолгоо, тосолгооны материал байдаг учраас түүний үүрэг, ач холбогдол асар их билээ. Тосолгооны материалын үндсэн зориулалт нь машины элементүүдийн элэгдлийн эрчмийг бууруулахад оршино. Иймээс манай оронд нийтлэг хэрэглэж байгаа хөдөлгүүрийн тосонд шинжилгээ хийж гарсан үр дүнг энэхүү өгүүлэлд багтаав.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v12i1.274
ИНЖЕНЕРИЙН ЧИГЛЭЛЭЭР СУРАЛЦАЖ БАЙГАА ОЮУТНЫ ТЕХНИК СЭТГЭХҮЙГ СУДАЛСАН ДҮНГЭЭС
Authors: Отгон Ч.
Published: December 2014

Өнөө үед инженер, техникийн ажилтныг бэлтгэх үйл ажиллагааны чанарт илүү анхаарч байгаа бөгөөд тэднийг амжилттай суралцах нөхцлийг бүрдүүлэхэд сэтгэцийн үзэгдлийг судлан хөгжүүлэх, нэн ялангуяа танин мэдэхүйн үйл болох техник сэтгэхүйн хөгжлийг судалж, хөгжүүлэх шаардлага зүй ѐсоор урган гарч байна. Иймд инженерийн мэргэжлийн оюутны техник сэтгэхүйн түвшинг судалсан үр дүнг танилцуулж байна.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v12i1.275
ДУУ ЧИМЭЭНИЙ ОНОШЛOГООГООР СУУДЛЫН АВТОМАШИНЫ УРД ДУГУЙН ХОЛХИВЧИЙН ЭЛЭГДЛИЙГ ТОДОРХОЙЛОХ
Authors: Ундармаа З. , Бямбадорж Ч. , Болоев П.А.
Published: December 2014

Уг судалгааны хүрээнд автомашины дугуйны булны холхивчийн элэгдлийг дуу чимээгээр оношлох асуудлыг авч үзсэн. Автомашины дугуйг 39 км/ц хурдтай эргүүлэн холхивчоос үүсэх дуу чимээг Sound levelmeter багажаар хэмжиж,үр дүнг микрометрээр хэмжсэн үзүүлэлттэй харьцуулан үнэмшлийн түвшинг баталгаажуулав. Машины гүйлтийн хэмжээнээс хамаарч холхивчийн дуу чимээ өөрчлөгдөх зүй тогтол, хамааралын тэгшитгэлийг тодорхойлов.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v12i1.276
МОНГОЛ ОРНЫ ХЭЭРИЙН ХАРГАНА-ХЯЛГАНАТ БЭЛЧЭЭРИЙН УРГАМАЛЖЛЫН ЗҮЙЛИЙН БҮРЭЛДЭХҮҮНИЙ НӨХӨН СЭРГЭЛТ
Authors: Оюунсувд С. , Ундармаа Ж.
Published: December 2014

Монгол орны нийт нутаг дэвсгэрийн 70 орчим хувь нь (Байгаль орчны төлөв байдлын тайлан, 2001, 2003) ямар нэгэн байдлаар доройтсон гэх ба үүнийг илрүүлж, үнэлэх хэрэгтэй байгаа билээ. Малын бэлчээр хэвэндээ байгаа, аль эсвэл гадаад дотоод хүчин зүйлсийн улмаас доройтсон болон сэргэж хэвэндээ орсныг илэрхийлж чадах нь зөвхөн бэлчээрийн ургамал юм (Манибазар, 2006). Иймд нэгэнт доройтсон бэлчээр байгалийн нөхөн сэргэх чадвартай эсэхийг юуны өмнө илрүүлэх нь чухал юм. Бэлчээрийн ургамлын нөхөн сэргэх чадварыг илрүүлэхийн тулд тухайн бэлчээрийн ургамлын зүйлийн бүрэлдэхүүн, арви, тусгаг бүрхэц, өндөр, үзэгдэл зүй, ургацын судалгааг зайлшгүй хийх шаардлагатай байдаг. Иймд бид бүхэн Дундговь аймгийн Сайнцагаан сумын доройтлын янз бүрийн түвшин дэх Харгана-Хялганат бэлчээрт дээр өгүүлсэн ургамалжлын нарийвчилсан бүх судалгааг 2004 оноос хойш тасралтгүй гүйцэтгэж байна. Харин энэхүү өгүүлэлд Харгана-Хялганат бэлчээрийн ургамалжил нь зүйлийн бүрэлдэхүүний хувьд нөхөн сэргэлт хэрхэн явагдаж буй судалгааны үр дүнг харуулав. Хээрийн Харгана-Хялганат хүчтэй доройтсон бэлчээрийг 8 жил малын хөлөөс чөлөөлж хашаалахад сэргэлт огт ажиглагдаагүй, дунд зэрэг доройтсон бэлчээрт сэргэлт аажим илэрч, бага доройтсон бэлчээрийг малын хөлөөс чөлөөлөхөд сэргэлт илэрсэн. Харин байнгын ашиглалттай дээрх хувилбаруудад сэргэлт ажиглагдсангүй.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v12i1.281
ОРХОНЫ ХӨНДИЙН БАЙГАЛИЙН ЦОГЦОЛБОРТ ГАЗРЫН УРГАМАЛЖИЛТЫН СУДАЛГАА (ХАРХОРИН СУМЫН ЖИШЭЭН ДЭЭР)
Authors: Эрдэнэчимэг Д. , Бүрэнжаргал О.
Published: December 2014

Орхоны хөндийн байгалийн цогцолборт газрын ургамлан бүлгэмдлийн судалгааг Хархорин сумын жишээн дээр Мойлт, Намаг, Их элстий, Баянзүрх зэрэг газруудад хийж гүйцэтгэв. Судалгааны явцад ургамлын зүйлийн бүрэлдэхүүн, тусгаг бүрхэц, ургац зэрэг үзүүлэлтийг тодорхойлж бэлчээрийн доройтлын байдалд үнэлгээ өгөв. Судалгааны үр дүнгээр төв суурин газарт ойр орших Мойлтын амны бэлчээр хүчтэй талхлагдсан байсан бол сумын төвөөс харьцангуй хол зайд орших Намаг, Их Элстийн бэлчээр дунд зэрэг талхлагдсан, харин Баянзүрхийн бэлчээр бага ашиглагдсан буюу соргог бэлчээрт хамаарч байна.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v12i1.283
Chlorate Challenges for Water Systems
Authors: Alfredo Katherine , Stanford Ben , Roberson J. Alan , Eaton Andrew
Published: December 2014

Chlorate, currently included in the US Environmental Protection Agency's monitoring of unregulated contaminants and on the contaminant candidate list, could potentially receive a regulatory determination in the near future. This article, using available literature along with past and current monitoring data, assesses the presence of chlorate in drinking water and the potential impact of its regulation. The article gives specific attention to the variety of threshold concentrations that appear most often in the literature—210, 700, and 840 μg/L—and evaluates the effect a regulatory requirement at each of these values would have on utilities. The research indicated that potential regulatory thresholds > 700 μg/L would be violated by only < 10% of utilities. The effects of regional conditions and type of disinfection used depend greatly on the adopted thresholds. Utilities in the southern region of the United States and those using chloramination are most at risk if a low maximum contaminant level is adopted.
Research Commentary: Working at the Boundaries of Mathematics Education and Statistics Education Communities of Practice
Authors: Groth Randall E.
Published: December 2014

Statistics education has begun to mature as a discipline distinct from mathematics education, creating new perspectives on the teaching and learning of statistics. This commentary emphasizes the importance of coordinating perspectives from statistics education and mathematics education through boundary interactions between the two communities of practice. I argue that such interactions are particularly vital in shared problem spaces related to the teaching and learning of measurement, variability, and contextualized problems. Collaborative work within these shared problem spaces can contribute to the vitality of each discipline. Neglect of the shared problem spaces may contribute to insularity and have negative consequences for research and school curricula. Challenges of working at the boundaries are considered, and strategies for overcoming the challenges are proposed.
The Development of Children's Algebraic Thinking: The Impact of a Comprehensive Early Algebra Intervention in Third Grade
Authors: Blanton Maria , Stephens Ana , Knuth Eric , Gardiner Angela Murphy , Isler Isil , Kim Jee-Seon
Published: December 2014

This article reports results from a study investigating the impact of a sustained, comprehensive early algebra intervention in third grade. Participants included 106 students; 39 received the early algebra intervention, and 67 received their district's regularly planned mathematics instruction. We share and discuss students' responses to a written pre- and post-assessment that addressed their understanding of several big ideas in the area of early algebra, including mathematical equivalence and equations, generalizing arithmetic, and functional thinking. We found that the intervention group significantly outperformed the nonintervention group and was more apt by posttest to use algebraic strategies to solve problems. Given the multitude of studies among adolescents documenting students' difficulties with algebra and the serious consequences of these difficulties, an important contribution of this research is the finding that—provided the appropriate instruction—children are capable of engaging successfully with a broad and diverse set of big algebraic ideas.
Conceptualizing Mathematically Significant Pedagogical Opportunities to Build on Student Thinking
Authors: Leatham Keith R. , Peterson Blake E. , Stockero Shari L. , Van Zoest Laura R.
Published: December 2014

The mathematics education community values using student thinking to develop mathematical concepts, but the nuances of this practice are not clearly understood. We conceptualize an important group of instances in classroom lessons that occur at the intersection of student thinking, significant mathematics, and pedagogical opportunities—what we call Mathematically Significant Pedagogical Opportunities to Build on Student Thinking. We analyze dialogue to illustrate a process for determining whether a classroom instance offers such an opportunity and to demonstrate the usefulness of the construct in examining classroom discourse. This construct contributes to research and professional development related to teachers' mathematically productive use of student thinking by providing a lens and generating a common language for recognizing and agreeing on a critical core of student mathematical thinking that researchers can attend to as they study classroom practice and that teachers can aspire to notice and build upon when it occurs in their classrooms.
Screening Panel-Reactive Antibody Negative, Single-Antigen Positive: A Case Report
Authors: Jawdat Dunia , Qurashi Salem Al , Sayyari Abdulla Al , Hajeer Ali H.
Published: December 2014

Sensitized patients remain a challenge for successful transplant. Virtual crossmatch is used to determine the presence or absence of donor-specific antibodies. A 60-year-old woman with a negative screening for panel-reactive antibodies (PRA) received an A*11, A*68 type kidney with a negative anti-human globulin/complement-dependent cytotoxicity (AHG-CDC) crossmatch. Her transplant course was complicated by delayed graft function, and she required hemodialysis. On day 8 after receiving the transplant, she had a kidney biopsy that showed features of antibody-mediated rejection/severe acute tubular necrosis, which was treated by plasmapheresis for 5 sessions and intravenous immunoglobulin (2 g/kg). Her serum level of creatinine decreased from 6.7 to 3.6 mg/dL (600–320 μmol/L). Panel-reactive antibody by Luminex was repeated and again was negative. Single-antigen detection was tried next. Surprisingly, A*11:02 came up positive with a mean fluorescence intensity of 9500. High-resolution donor HLA type was A*68:01 and A*11:01. A*11:02 is not part of the screening Luminex PRA whereas the 11:01 allele is. Serologically, HLA-A11 has 2 defined splits, A11.1 and A11.2, which encode A*11:01 and A*11:02, respectively. In this case, the A*11:02 antibody does not seem to be responsible for the increasing creatinine level. However, if the donor had been A*11:02, a humeral rejection would have occurred and been missed by a virtual crossmatch. Thus virtual crossmatch may not work at all times. Screening for PRA by single antigens is suggested even in PRA-negative cases, if only virtual crossmatch is to be used.
Donors in Chains: Psychosocial Outcomes of Kidney Donors in Paired Exchange
Authors: Serur David , Charlton Marian , Lawton Michelle , Sinacore Joseph , Gordon-Elliot Janna
Published: December 2014

Background

Kidney paired donation chains are initiated by nondirected donors and propagated by donors within the chain of transplants, or chain donors.

Objective

To compare psychosocial and functional outcomes, and to test coercion, of chain donors in paired exchange versus traditional directed donors who have an established relationship with the recipient.

Methods

Thirty chain donors from a transplant center who were part of the National Kidney Registry paired exchange program were compared with 34 traditional donors who donated around the same time. Participants completed online surveys: the post-donation section of the Living Donor Expectancies Questionnaire was used to assess psychosocial and functional outcomes 1 to 6 years after donation. A survey to assess coercion was used as well.

Results

Chain donors and traditional donors were similar in terms of sex, race, age, and time after donation. The 2 groups had similar altruistic motives in donating their kidney, and both types of donors mentioned psychological benefits. No differences were found on questions regarding psychosocial outcomes save for the “quid pro quo scale” ( P = .01), which suggested that the traditional donors felt more that the recipients are indebted to them. The 2 groups did not differ significantly in the coercion measure. Pressure to donate and stress of donation were not greater in chain donors than traditional donors ( P = .60).

Conclusion

Kidney donors in kidney paired donation chains do as well as traditional donors psychosocially without any increased tendency toward experiencing coercion.
De Novo Renal Cell Carcinoma in an Allograft Kidney Treated with Nephron-Sparing Surgery: A Case Report
Authors: Numakura Kazuyuki , Satoh Shigeru , Tsuchiya Norihiko , Saito Mitsuru , Nara Taketoshi , Huang Mingguo , Tsuruta Hiroshi , Akihama Susumu , Inoue Takamitsu , Narita Shintaro , Habuchi Tomonori
Published: December 2014

The development of primary malignant tumors is a distressing complication of organ transplant. However, the emergence of de novo renal cell carcinoma from a kidney allograft is rare. A 60-year-old man underwent living kidney transplant from a spousal donor. Six years after the transplant surgery, computed tomographic evaluation confirmed the presence of a 2.8-cm-diameter solid mass in the lower pole of the allograft. Partial allograft nephrectomy was performed, and the margin surrounding the normal parenchyma was resected. The serum level of creatinine did not decrease. Here, we report a case of renal cell carcinoma in an allograft kidney that was successfully treated with nephron-sparing surgery.
Perceptions of Transplant Surgery among Living Liver Donors in Japan
Authors: Morooka Yuki , Umeshita Koji
Published: December 2014

Context

To minimize impaired psychosocial outcomes among living liver donors, it may be useful to obtain their views about being a donor with respect to their specific backgrounds.

Objective

To describe the perceptions of living liver donors with respect to transplant surgery and to determine whether any differences in perceptions were related to the recipient's age or prognosis.

Design, Setting, and Patients

In total, 240 living liver donors (mean age, 44.4 years) openly and freely described their views on transplant.

Results

Content analysis of the descriptions revealed 4 categories: grateful for the benefits of living donor liver transplant (n = 143, 59.6%), facing the limitations of living liver transplant (n = 125, 52.1%), donor stress (n= 105, 43.8%), and crucial preoperative period (n = 75, 31.2%). The frequency of descriptions of gratitude for the benefits of transplant differed significantly between adult-to-adult and adult-to-child transplants: donors to children (ie, recipients <18 years old) were more grateful than were donors to adults (ie, recipients ≥18 years old). In addition, descriptions of gratitude differed significantly depending on the recipient's prognosis: donors with recipients who survived were more grateful and experienced fewer difficulties than did donors with recipients who died.

Conclusions

In general, living liver donors were satisfied with transplant surgery but experienced living donor liver transplant as a burden, which was affected by the transplant outcome and the age of the recipient.
The Role of Prophylactic versus Selective Ureteric Stenting in Kidney Transplant Patients: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Ordon Michael , Ghiculete Daniela , Stewart Robert , Pace Kenneth T. , Honey R. John D'A.
Published: December 2014

Objective

To evaluate the role of prophylactic versus selective ureteric stenting in the development of postoperative ureterovesical complications in kidney transplant recipients.

Methods

Records of 614 transplant patients seen from January 2006 to May 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. The primary outcome was the rate of ureterovesical complications, defined as the development of ureteric obstruction or a ureterovesical anastomotic leak. The secondary outcomes were the rate of urinary tract infections and forgotten stents. Using a χ2 test, we compared the primary and secondary outcomes across the selective and prophylactic cohorts. Logistic regression was used to compare the 2 cohorts while adjusting for potential confounders.

Results

The selective and prophylactic cohorts consisted of 258 and 330 patients, respectively. Unadjusted analysis showed that the prophylactic group had a significantly lower rate of ureterovesical complications than did the selective group (2.12% vs 6.20%; odds ratio, 0.33; P = .01). After adjustment for differences in sex and donor type, the prophylactic group still had a lower risk for ureterovesical complications (odds ratio, 0.30; P = .009). Rates of urinary tract infections and forgotten stents did not differ significantly between the 2 groups.

Conclusions

Prophylactic stenting is associated with a significantly lower rate of ureterovesical complications than is selective stenting.
Family Caregivers' inside Perspectives: Caring for an Adult with a Left Ventricular Assist Device as a Destination Therapy
Authors: Marcuccilli Linda , Casida Jesus (Jessie) , Bakas Tamilynn , Pagani Francis D.
Published: December 2014

Context

Understanding the experience of caring for an adult with a left-ventricular assist device as a destination therapy (LVAD-DT) remains in its infancy.

Objective/Design

A hermeneutic-phenomenological inquiry guided by van Manen's methods was used to explore the LVAD-DT family caregiving experience.

Participants/Setting

Seven family caregivers (1 man and 6 women) 50 to 74 years old who cared for an adult with an LVAD-DT in home settings. Recruitment and data collection occurred in an outpatient mechanical circulatory support center in the Midwest.

Methods

Data were collected by means of face-to-face interviews using open-ended questions and 1 follow-up interview. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis consisted of writing, rewriting, and reflecting across participants' data, which produced themes illustrating the experience and meaning of caring for an adult with an LVAD-DT. Themes were consensually validated. Procedures for trustworthiness are described.

Results

Five main themes were identified from participants' experiences: (1) advanced heart failure is a life-changing event, (2) self-doubt about LVAD caregiving improves over time, (3) lifestyle adjustments come with time, (4) persistent worry and stress, and (5) caregiving is not a burden—it's a part of life. These main themes were elucidated by 8 subthemes in which participants described a process of adjustment despite persistent worry and stress and eventually accepted caregiving as part of their lives. Future studies are needed to explore caregiver burden, adaptation, and the effects of caregiving outcomes, such as emotional and physical health and overall quality of life.
Facilitators and Barriers of Medication Adherence in Pediatric Liver and Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Claes Anouck , Decorte Anneloes , Levtchenko Elena , Knops Noel , Dobbels Fabienne
Published: December 2014

Objective

Many young transplant patients (≤11 years old) struggle to take their immunosuppressive and co-medications correctly, yet it remains unclear which factors positively or negatively affect medication adherence. Research studies on determinants in this age group are scarce, have methodological flaws, and focus exclusively on immunosuppressants or on barriers rather than on facilitators.

Methods

This study used a consecutive mixed-methods (qualitative + quantitative) design. Semistructured interviews with parents of 10 pediatric liver or kidney transplant recipients 2 to 11 years old on adherence facilitators and barriers were conducted, complemented by quantification of adherence to the immunosuppressants and co-medications, and completion of the “immunosuppressive medication adherence barriers” self-report instrument.

Results

A median of 19 (range, 10–29) barriers was reported: the most commonly encountered were forgetfulness (70%), vomiting (70%), bad taste (60%), and interruptions in routine (60%). Parents reported a median of 15 facilitators (range, 6–26), including using practical aids (100%), having medication with you at all times (100%), having to take fewer medications (80%), and experiencing fewer regimen changes over time (80%). No clear distinction between immunosuppressants or co-medications was made.

Conclusions

This study provides several new insights based on peer experience to support future patients and their parents in medication adherence.
SENTIDO Y OTRO (AUTRUI) EN DELEUZE
Authors: Castro-Serrano Borja , Vargas Gonzalo Montenegro
Published: December 2014

La cuestión del otro (autrui) en Deleuze se confunde con la doble tarea de articular una nueva perspectiva sobre el sentido al mismo tiempo que cuestionar la imagen tradicional del pensar. Ello abre tempranamente un territorio para pensar dicha cuestión en su obra. Así, si bien el asunto es tratado sistemáticamente sólo a partir de Différence et répétition (1968) y Logique du sens (1969), ya en Proust et les signes (1964) se insinúan algunos de sus elementos fundamentales. En estas tres obras se juega, en efecto, la idea que nos interesa abordar en este estudio: la de que el territorio del otro es el sentido. Ello no evita introducir también algunas precisiones relativas al rostro y el modo como ello obliga a reformular los vínculos con el sentido. Lo sugerente del francés es que establece un tipo de pensamiento que se instala en la apertura al otro, pero sin que ello implique necesariamente entrar en el registro de la moral ni del conocimiento.
ABORDAGEM ANTIRREPRESENTACIONISTA DA CIÊNCIA COGNITIVA INCORPORADA
Authors: Candiotto Kleber Bez Birolo
Published: December 2014

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a postura antirrepresentacionista da abordagem incorporada da cognição em sua tentativa de fazer frente às possíveis limitações da ciência cognitiva clássica. Tal abordagem, propagada a partir da década de 1980, teve suas raízes na perspectiva ecológica de Gibson, com a noção de affordances, podendo uma versão mais acentuada ser identificada no texto Radical embodied cognitive science, de Chemero, em que o autor procura apontar a desnecessidade das representações mentais para a compreensão da cognição, tendo como apoio a noção de affordances, porém numa perspectiva distinta de Gibson. Ao apresentar a distinção conceitual de affordances entre os autores em questão, pretende-se, por fim, discutir a contribuição epistemológica da abordagem radical de cognição incorporada de Chemero para o futuro da ciência cognitiva.
RAZÃO E CIÊNCIA APÓS OS DESAFIOS CÉTICOS
Authors: Toledo Gustavo Leal
Published: December 2014

O presente artigo visa dar continuidade ao debate levantado no livro Razão Mínima (2004), no qual diversos autores abordam o papel da razão a partir das críticas céticas. A partir de uma explicação do papel das crenças no ceticismo pirrônico, pretende-se analisar qual conceito de razão e de ciência poderiam sobreviver a tais críticas. Será defendida, então, uma visão comunitária de razão e ciência. Nela, o que consideramos racional só pode ser entendido a partir de uma perspectiva coletiva e tipicamente humana.