bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Counseling Biracial Students: A Review of Issues and Interventions
Authors: Moss Rochelle C. , Davis Deena
Published: December 2011

Racial identity and self‐concept development in biracial students are examined. Because of biracial students' high incidence of academic and behavioral problems, this article includes a compilation of strategies for school counselors as well as schoolwide programs designed to reduce prejudice toward and increase acceptance of these students. A case study is used to illustrate strategies.

Se examinaron la identidad racial y el desarrollo del autoconcepto en estudiantes birraciales. Debido a la alta incidencia de problemas académicos y de comportamiento por parte de estudiantes birraciales, este artículo incluye una recopilación de estrategias para consejeros escolares, además de programas escolares integrales designados para reducir los prejuicios contra estos alumnos e incrementar su aceptación. Se emplea un estudio de caso para ilustrar las estrategias.
The Influence of Hope on the Relationship Between Racial Discrimination and Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Banks Kira Hudson , Singleton Jennifer L. , Kohn‐Wood Laura P.
Published: December 2011

This study investigated how hope influences the relationship between discrimination and depressive symptoms. Results from participants' (N = 318) responses suggest that increased levels of hope were directly related to decreased levels of depressive symptoms. However, increased levels of hope were also related to a stronger relationship between discrimination and depressive symptoms.

Este estudio investigó cómo la esperanza influye en la relación entre discriminación y síntomas depresivos. Los resultados obtenidos a partir de las respuestas de los participantes (N = 318) sugieren que unos niveles más elevados de esperanza estuvieron directamente relacionados con unos niveles más bajos de síntomas depresivos. Sin embargo, los niveles superiores de esperanza también estuvieron relacionados con una relación más fuerte entre discriminación y síntomas depresivos.
Universal‐Diverse Orientation, Cognitive Complexity, and Sociopolitical Advocacy in Counselor Trainees
Authors: Wendler Alicia M. , Nilsson Johanna E.
Published: December 2011

The authors investigated counselor trainees' levels of cognitive complexity and sociopolitical advocacy as predictors of universal‐diverse orientation (UDO). Participants included 120 master's‐ and doctoral‐level trainees from 4 midwestern counseling psychology programs. Results revealed that, after accounting for multicultural social desirability and training experience, actual time spent engaging in sociopolitical advocacy activities uniquely predicted 1 subscale of UDO.

Los autores investigaron los niveles de complejidad cognitiva y defensoría sociopolítica de los consejeros en formación como indicadores de predicción de su orientación universal‐diversa (UDO, por sus siglas en inglés). Entre los participantes había 120 estudiantes de maestríay doctorado de 4 programas de psicología clínica en el Medio Oeste de EE.UU. Los resultados revelaron que, después de tomar en cuenta el atractivo social multicultural y la experiencia en formación, el tiempo real dedicado a la participación en actividades de defensoría sociopolítica solo predijo 1 sub‐escala de UDO.
Treatment‐Seeking Disparity Between African Americans and Whites: Attitudes Toward Treatment, Coping Resources, and Racism
Authors: Buser Juleen K.
Published: December 2011

African Americans seek mental health treatment at lower rates than Whites. This disparity has been attributed to African Americans' attitudes toward services, alternate coping, and differences in care. Research on microaggressions adds an important element to this literature. Including discussion of microaggressions in counseling training may illuminate subtle student biases.

Los individuos Afroamericanos buscan recibir tratamientos de salud mental en un índice menor que los Blancos. Esta disparidad ha sido atribuida a las actitudes de los Afroamericanos hacia los servicios, formas de afrontamiento alternativas, y a las diferencias en la asistencia. Las investigaciones sobre microagresiones añaden un elemento importante a esta documentación. Incluir la discusión sobre microagresiones en la formación de consejeros puede iluminar los sesgos sutiles de los estudiantes.
Associations Among Asian Americans' Enculturation, Emotional Experiences, and Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Wong Y. Joel , Tran Kimberly K. , Lai Andre
Published: December 2011

Using a computer‐based text analysis of 218 Asian Americans' writing samples, the authors found that enculturation as well as use of negative emotion and positive emotion words were associated with depressive symptoms. Enculturation was also found to moderate the relation between use of negative emotion words and cognitive‐affective depressive symptoms.

Utilizando un análisis de texto computerizado de muestras escritas por 218 individuos Asiático‐americanos, los autores hallaron que la asimilación cultural y el uso de palabras de emoción positivas y negativas están asociadas con síntomas depresivos. También se halló que la asimilación cultural modera la relación entre el uso de palabras de emoción negativas y los síntomas depresivos cognitivo‐afectivos.
Teaching Antiracism in Counselor Training: Reflections on a Course
Authors: Pieterse Alex L.
Published: December 2011

This article provides a descriptive review of an antiracism course taught within a counseling and development program. Adopting a reflective stance, the article presents the rationale for antiracism training, describes the course structure and content, and includes personal reflections from students and the instructor.

Este artículo proporciona una crítica descriptiva de un curso de antiracismo que se enseñó dentro de un programa de consejería y desarrollo. Adoptando una postura de reflexión, el artículo presenta los fundamentos para la formación en antiracismo, describe la estructura del curso y su contenido e incluye además reflexiones personales de los estudiantes y el profesor.
Comparing Japanese International College Students' and U.S. College Students' Mental‐Health‐Related Stigmatizing Attitudes
Authors: Masuda Akihiko , Hayes Steven C. , Twohig Michael P. , Lillis Jason , Fletcher Lindsay B. , Gloster Andrew T.
Published: December 2011

This study examined differences between Japanese international college students and U.S. college students on stigma toward people with psychological disorders, stigma tolerance in help seeking, and self‐concealment. Japanese international students had greater stigma toward individuals with psychological disorders than did their U.S. counterparts. No interrelationships between these variables, however, were found in the Japanese international student group.

Este estudio examinó las diferencias entre estudiantes universitarios internacionales japoneses y estudiantes universitarios estadounidenses en lo concerniente al estigma hacia las personas con trastornos psicológicos, la tolerancia del estigma al buscar ayuda y la auto‐ocultación. Los estudiantes internacionales japoneses mostraron un mayor estigma hacia los individuos con trastornos psicológicos que sus homólogos estadounidenses. Sin embargo, no se encontró ninguna interrelación entre estas variables en el grupo de estudiantes internacionales japoneses.
In the Therapist's Chair Is Clemmont E. Vontress: A Wounded Healer in Cross‐Cultural Counseling
Authors: Moodley Roy
Published: December 2011

In this interview, Clemmont E. Vontress, a pioneer of cross‐cultural counseling, reflects on his life and work. He shares personal stories about the people and events in his life that had a major impact on his theory formulation; research and clinical work; and publications in culture, race, ethnicity, and counseling.

En esta entrevista, Clemmont E. Vontress, un pionero de la consejería trans‐cultural, reflexiona sobre su vida y su trabajo. Comparte historias personales sobre la gente y los acontecimientos de su vida que tuvieron un impacto significativo en la formulación de su teoría; investigación y trabajo clínico; y publicaciones sobre cultura, raza, etnicidad, y consejería.
Vietnamese Immigrant and Refugee Women's Mental Health: An Examination of Age of Arrival, Length of Stay, Income, and English Language Proficiency
Authors: Brown Chris , Schale Codi L. , Nilsson Johanna E.
Published: December 2011

Vietnamese immigrant and refugee women (N = 83) were surveyed regarding their mental health, English language proficiency, age of arrival, length of stay, and income. English language proficiency and age of arrival correlated with reduced symptomatology. Moreover, English language proficiency was the sole predictor of somatic distress.

Se realizó una encuesta a un grupo de mujeres inmigrantes y refugiadas vietnamitas (N = 83) con respecto a su salud mental, nivel de inglés, edad de llegada, tiempo de estancia y nivel de ingresos. Su nivel de inglés y la edad de llegada mostraron correlación con una sintomatología reducida. Además, el nivel de conocimiento de inglés fue el único elemento capaz de predecir el malestar somático.
Coping With Discrimination: The Subjective Well‐Being of South Asian American Women
Authors: Liang Christopher T. H. , Nathwani Anisha , Ahmad Sarah , Prince Jessica K.
Published: December 2011

The relationship between coping strategies used by South Asian American women and subjective well‐being (SWB) was studied. Second‐generation women were found to use more support compared with 1st‐generation women. Problem‐solving coping was inversely related to age. Avoidance coping was found to predict SWB when controlling for age and generational status.

Se estudió la relación entre las estrategias de afrontamiento empleadas por mujeres americanas surasiáticas y el bienestar subjetivo (SWB, por sus siglas en inglés). Se descubrió que las mujeres de segunda generación emplean más apoyos que los que emplearon las mujeres de primera generación. El afrontamiento basado en la resolución de problemas fue inversamente proporcional a la edad. También se halló que el afrontamiento basado en la evitación puede predecir el SWB, cuando se controlan los datos de edad y estatus generacional.
The Influence of Acculturation and Enculturation on Mexican American High School Students' Decision to Apply to College
Authors: Castillo Linda G. , López‐Arenas Araceli , Saldivarxys Isaac M.
Published: December 2011

This study examined the influence of acculturation, enculturation, parental education level, financial concerns, and gender on 106 Mexican American high school students' decisions to apply to college. Results indicated that acculturation and female gender were significant predictors. Implications for interventions with Latino high school students are discussed.

Este estudio examinó la influencia de la aculturación, la enculturación, el nivel de educación de los padres, las preocupaciones financieras y el sexo del sujeto sobre la decisión de 106 estudiantes de secundaria mejicanos‐americanos de solicitar acceso a estudios universitarios. Los resultados indicaron que la aculturación y el sexo femenino mostraron una capacidad de predición significativa. Se discuten las implicaciones para intervenciones con estudiantes de secundaria latinos.
“Brother Where Art Thou?” African American Male Instructors' Perceptions of the Counselor Education Profession
Authors: Brooks Michael , Steen Sam
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of African American male counselor educators regarding the limited number of African American male faculty members in counselor education. Implications and suggestions on how universities can recruit and retain African American male faculty members are provided.

El propósito de este estudio fue investigar las percepciones de educadores en consejería afroamericanos con respecto al limitado número de miembros afroamericanos entre el profesorado para la educación de consejeros. Se proporcionan implicaciones y sugerencias sobre cómo las universidades pueden contratar y retener profesores varones afroamericanos.
Educational Hegemony, Traumatic Stress, and African American and Latino American Students
Authors: Goodman Rachael D. , West‐Olatunji Cirecie A.
Published: December 2011

The authors use traumatic stress theory to develop an ecosystemic understanding of hegemony and systemic barriers to educational success for culturally diverse students. Scholarship on trauma and systemic oppression are applied to students' academic experiences, and recommendations for improving educational outcomes include assessing for and ameliorating trauma in educational settings.

Los autores emplean teorías del estrés traumático para desarrollar un entendimiento ecosistemático de la hegemonía y las barreras sistémicas para el éxito académico de estudiantes culturalmente diversos. Se aplica el conjunto de las investigaciones sobre trauma y opresión sistémica a las experiencias académicas de los estudiantes, y las recomendaciones para mejorar el rendimiento educativo incluyen la evaluación y alivio de los niveles de trauma en entornos educativos.
Multiculturalism and Social Justice: Two Sides of the Same Coin
Authors: Ratts Manivong J.
Published: December 2011

The development of multicultural and advocacy competencies evolved out of the multicultural and social justice movements. To help readers more fully understand the complementary nature between these 2 sets of competencies and to connect both movements, this article introduces the Multicultural and Advocacy Dimensions model. Implications are also discussed.

El desarrollo de las competencias multiculturales y de defensoría surgió a partir de los movimientos multiculturales y de justicia social. Para ayudar a los lectores a comprender en más detalle la naturaleza complementaria entre estos 2 niveles de competencias y conectar ambos movimientos, este artículo introduce el modelo de Dimensiones Multiculturales y de Defensoría (MAD, por sus siglas en inglés). También se discuten sus implicaciones.
Capoeira as a Clinical Intervention: Addressing Adolescent Aggression With Brazilian Martial Arts
Authors: Burt Isaac , Butler S. Kent
Published: December 2011

Aggression in adolescents is harmful and emotionally devastating to youth and surrounding communities. This article integrates martial arts and therapeutic principles into a culturally sensitive model that cultivates change in the aggressive behaviors of disenfranchised adolescents. The art form of Capoeira is proposed for promoting positive behavioral change.

La agresión en los adolescentes es dañina y emocionalmente devastadora para los jóvenes y sus comunidades. Este artículo integra artes marciales y principios terapéuticos en un modelo culturalmente sensible que cultiva el cambio de los comportamientos agresivos de los adolescentes marginalizados. Se propone el arte de la Capoeira para promover un cambio positivo en el comportamiento.
Hugging, Drinking Tea, and Listening: Mental Health Needs of Turkish Immigrants
Authors: Sohtorik Yasemin , McWilliams Nancy
Published: December 2011

Twelve Turkish immigrants were interviewed in a hypothesis‐generating, qualitative investigation of their immigration experiences and mental health needs. Findings suggest high levels of psychological distress associated with homesickness, lack of English proficiency, problematic immigration status, difficulty adjusting to a new culture, and financial problems. Possible implications for clinicians are discussed.

Doce inmigrantes turcos fueron entrevistados en una investigación cualitativa para generar hipótesis sobre sus experiencias con la inmigración y sus necesidades en salud mental. Los hallazgos indican niveles altos de angustia psicológica asociada con la añoranza del hogar, la falta de dominio del inglés, estatus de inmigración problemático, dificultades para ajustarse a una nueva cultura y problemas económicos. Se discuten posibles implicaciones para los profesionales clínicos.
Latinas and Postpartum Depression: Role of Partner Relationship, Additional Children, and Breastfeeding
Authors: Hassert Silva , Kurpius Sharon E. Robinson
Published: December 2011

Breastfeeding, additional children, and partner relationship predicted postpartum depression among 59 Latinas who had an infant who was 6 months old or younger. The most powerful predictor was conflict with partner. Counselors working with Latinas experiencing postpartum depression should explore the partner relationship, particularly relationship conflict.

El amamantamiento, los otros hijos, y la relación de pareja pronosticaron la depresión postparto en 59 mujeres latinas que tenían un hijo de 6 meses de edad o menos. El factor de pronóstico más fuerte fue el conflicto con su pareja. Los consejeros que trabajen con mujeres latinas con depresión postparto deberían explorar la relación de pareja, sobre todo los conflictos en la relación.
Black Male Adolescents Navigating Microaggressions in a Traditionally White Middle School: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Henfield Malik S.
Published: December 2011

On the basis of qualitative case study analysis, this study offers in‐depth understanding of Black male middle school students' perceptions of racial microaggressions. It was found that Black male adolescents, depending on their backgrounds, are aware of different types of microaggressions. Implications for school counselors, teachers, and administrators are discussed.

Basándose en análisis cualitativos de estudios de caso, este estudio ofrece un entendimiento en profundidad de las percepciones por parte de estudiantes varones Negros en la escuela media de microagresiones raciales. Se halló que los varones Negros adolescentes, dependiendo de su origen, son conscientes de distintos tipos de microagresiones. Se discuten implicaciones para consejeros escolares, profesores y administradores.
Using Analogies to Enhance Self‐Awareness and Cultural Empathy: Implications for Supervision
Authors: Suthakaran V.
Published: December 2011

Self‐awareness is conceptualized as an important component of multicultural competence among counselors. Scholars have suggested that the promotion of self‐awareness and, relatedly, cultural empathy can be most effectively facilitated through the use of experiential learning. The use of analogies is presented as another method to promote multicultural competence during supervision.

La autoconciencia se conceptualiza como un componente importante de la competencia multicultural entre consejeros. Los académicos han sugerido que el fomento de la autoconciencia y, de forma relacionada, la empatía cultural puede ser facilitado de forma más efectiva a través del uso del aprendizaje basado en la experiencia. Se presenta el uso de analogías como otro método para fomentar la competencia multicultural durante la supervisión.
The Dynamics of Job‐Seeking Behavior
Authors: Stevens Nancy D. , Schneider L. Ronald
Published: December 2011

Job placement readiness as a continuum is discussed. High and low readiness are specifically treated. Personality characteristics and case histories of the two types are given.
The Dynamics of Vocational Sponsorship
Authors: Zralek Philip E.
Published: December 2011

Five forms of job entry and retention dealing with sponsoring authority are discussed. Based on personality types, they are compared to Heath's psychological model. Implications for vocational planning of clients are considered.
PREPARATION OF COLLEGE GRADUATES FOR THE EMPLOYMENT INTERVIEW
Authors: Brod Pearl
Published: December 2011

A large number of college students are lacking in the skills and techniques that are considered basic for a job interview. In order to investigate the problem systematically and objectively, a crude instrument was designed to be used in a structured interview with recruitment personnel. The need for assisting college students for employment interviews is apparent from the findings. Industry has expressed an interest in working cooperatively with the educators in setting up a program to prepare students at the college level for the job interview.
A STUDY OF WORK ATTITUDES AND VOCATIONAL CHOICE OF TEENAGERS ENROLLED IN THE OFFICE OF ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY'S NEIGHBORHOOD YOUTH CORPS
Authors: Morgan Janet
Published: December 2011

Forty‐eight teenagers enrolled in the In and Out‐of‐School Neighboorhood Youth Corps were presented with a questionnaire concerning their jobs in the Neighborhood Youth Corp (NYC), how they felt about them, what their future vocational plans were and general background questions.

The answers indicate that the NYC has been effective. The enrollees have positive attitudes toward work and vocational goals.

Although the two groups have different frames of reference regarding work (one group attending school full time and the other working full time), their views on all the topics discussed showed no significant differences.
COUNSELEES' RATINGS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EMPLOYMENT SERVICE COUNSELORS AND PROSPECTIVE HIGH SCHOOL COUNSELORS
Authors: Sie Maureen , Brown Duane
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this study was to determine whether differences exist between Employment Service counselors and prospective high school counselors in the following areas: perceptions of counselor as a person, perceptions of assistance received by the counselees in educational planning, vocational guidance, personal and social matters, and the use of tests in counseling. This study was designed also to find out whether NYC and HS background, sex of the counselees, and number of sessions attended by the counseled affected their ratings of counselor effectiveness.
EFFECTIVENESS OF A THREE‐WEEK INSTITUTE FOR EMPLOYMENT SERVICE COUNSELORS
Authors: Harren Vincent A. , Friedman S. Thomas
Published: December 2011

Forty‐three employment service counselors participated in a three‐week institute designed to improve their understanding of the conditions of poverty and of counseling theory and techniques. At the end of the institute, participants evaluated their experence favorably with substantial minority group criticisms, however, that (1) institute faculty were not sufficiently informed about Employment Service techniques and experiences and, that (2) not enough counseling practicum experiences were provided. Significant shifts in attitudes toward the poor were found at the end of the institute for 14 of 35 items of an attitude scale. For 6 of these 14 items, shifts in attitude were in the same direction and intensified after four and one‐half months of field experience.
JOB DEVELOPMENT FOR THE MENTALLY RESTORED PSYCHIATRIC PATIENT1
Authors: Searls Donald J. , Sternberg Alan L. , Wilson Lowell T. , Miskimins R. W.
Published: December 2011

The experiences of the placement department of the Mental Health and Manpower Project have demonstrated that an effective team can be created to develop job opportunities for the mentally restored psychiatric patient. Composed of a vocational counselor and a placement counselor, the team is effective in securing meaningful employment and developing re‐education programs in the community. While the vocational counselor provides the clinical information concerning the restored patient‐client, the placement counselor serves as a more personnel oriented individual in finding the appropriate kind of employment position. The team points to the potential that the mental health center possesses in involving the general community in its programs.
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY EMPLOYMENT SERVICE COUNSELING SUPERVISORS
Authors: Gladstein Gerald A.
Published: December 2011

Data from 24 counseling supervisors in the New York State Employment Service were obtained as part of an on‐going training program. Small groups through spontaneous discussion presented problems that they wanted to solve. The data were classified and tabulated according to common content. The findings show that these supervisors were bothered primarily by organizational and interpersonal difficulties. Although also concerned with “job‐task” problems, these represented a smaller proportion of their time involvement. Implications for management and training were discussed.
ADMINISTRATION EFFECTS ON THE S‐329 OF THE GATB USING THREE EXPERIMENTAL TREATMENTS
Authors: Bookout Dwayne V. T. , Hosford Ray E.
Published: December 2011

Does the administrator of a test have an effect on the results of a group taking a test? If so, does a warm positive administrator have a different effect than a cold aloof examiner? Is there a difference in the effect of a male and female administrator? These are the questions that this study was designed to investigate. One hundred forty females 22 years or over taking the clerical battery of the GATB as part of a civil service examination were randomly assigned to one of three test administrators: (1) a warm, positive administrator, (2) a neutral administrator and (3) a negative, aloof and unhelpful administrator. One male and one female employed each of the experimental treatments resulting in six treatment groups.

Findings: (1) Subjects taking the test administered by males did not achieve significantly different scores from those taking the test administered by females; (2) Warm positive administrator behavior produced significantly higher scores than negative administrator behavior; (3) Neutral administrator behavior produced significantly higher scores than negative administrator behavior; (4) Neutral and positive administrator behaviors were on the average equally effective in promoting high scores.
ADAPTING THE WIN EMPLOYABILITY ORIENTATION PROGRAM TO THE NEEDS OF A MEDIUM‐SIZED COMMUNITY: BELLINGHAM, WASHINGTON
Authors: Miller Keith L.
Published: December 2011

This is a description of a program instituted to fulfill the “Orientation” component of the Work Incentive Program, (WIN) but adapted to meet the realities and needs of a medium‐sized community. In the course of adaptations, certain elements of group counseling have been incorporated which have contributed substantially to the aims of the WIN Program. The salient features are identified for the purpose of illustrating what can be done at the local level.
WISCONSIN MANPOWER COUNSELORS AND MANPOWER SPECIALISTS' PERCEPTIONS OF EXISTING AND DESIRED COUNSELOR ACTIVITIES
Authors: Kramer Robert J. , Strutz Peter S. , Perrone Philip A.
Published: December 2011

Seventy‐three counselors and 72 manpower specialists in Wisconsin were surveyed to ascertain the perceptions both groups had regarding actual and ideal counselor function. A cross‐break analysis to determine if responses varied according to years in the employment service, office size, and educational background produced no differences. Counselors and manpower specialists were in close agreement. (Rho .96) in ranking the time assigned to 12 functions by the counselor and were closely agreed (Rho .94) in ranking how counselors should spend their time. Other similarities and differences were presented followed by a discussion of the implications these findings have for in‐service training.
THE VOCATIONAL ASPIRATIONS OF THE DISADVANTAGED AMERICAN GIRL
Authors: Harkness Charles A.
Published: December 2011

This paper is concerned with aspiration and level of aspiration of 415 girls drawn from the incoming population of an urban Job Corps Center. The paper indicates that there are both ethnic and educational considerations to be given in the employment counseling of the disadvantaged young person. The paper also points out the paucity of professional material devoted to the vocational counseling of the less‐than‐college prepared individual.
THE USE OF ADVOCACY AND CONFRONTATION COUNSELING THE DISADVANTAGED
Authors: Coffman David
Published: December 2011

Middle‐class counselors and disadvantaged clients appear to be alienated due to a basic difference in values. This alienation can be overcome by the counselor assuming the role of “social advocate.” Several examples are given to illustrate how social advocacy might be utilized. As the counseling relationship develops, and the client's trust and confidence strengthen, the counselor can begin to assert himself and confront the client concerning the unsolvable problems he presents as reasons for his unemployment and failure. Some differences exist as to counseling needs on the basis of sex and ethnic background. The confrontation program described would seem to be more effective with disadvantaged men than with disadvantaged women.
A COMPARISON OF THE MANIFEST PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS OF EMPLOYMENT SERVICE COUNSELING AND OFFICE MANAGERS
Authors: Hand Robert , Gade Eldon , Apostal Robert
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this study was to determine if there are significant differences in manifest psychological needs between office managers and counselors employed by the Minnesota Department of Employment Security.

A sample of 21 office managers and 21 counselors were paired according to the agency office they worked in. The Edwards Personal Preference Schedule was used to measure manifest needs and results were analyzed by use of the paired t test statistic.

The results indicated that seven of the fifteen variables showed a significant difference between the two groups. Counselors had a significantly higher mean average for autonomy, change, and heterosexuality while their office managers had significantly higher mean needs for deference, order, abasement, and endurance. The continued study of manifest need hierarchies was proposed as a basis for understanding, in part, the dynamics of the role interplay of various agency positions.
USE OF THE GATB “G” SCORE FOR PREDICTING ACHIEVEMENT ON THE GED
Authors: Klein Freda , Trione Verdun
Published: December 2011

The present study investigates the relationship of the GATB “G” with the GED. Practical and theoretical implications are involved.

Making use of samples from the Las Vegas, Nevada population, the study compares scores of individuals administered the GED and GATB. A substantial correlation for prediction purposes was devised to illustrate the use of the GATB “G” to predict, by interval, an individual's position on the GED. The expectancy table helps guide the Vocational Counselor with a constructive tool whereby he advises the next steps of action for an educationally deficient or proficient client.

The study recommends further replications to determine if such studies could guide agency policies whereby vocational counseling practice is improved and agency testing costs reduced.
THE TRAINING‐EMPLOYMENT VACUUM CYCLE
Authors: Hansen Carl E.
Published: December 2011

The training‐employment vacuum cycle program suggests: (1) Take the underemployed, non‐skilled worker, who has a feel for upward job mobility, and offer him the opportunities of our current job training programs. (2) Fill the job vacuum he creates by filling his job with a hard core unemployed individual. This will allow the unemployed individual immediate job gratification, fulfill his economic need and allow him to view work at an entry level position so he can judge from this vantage point the merits of further training. (3) After the unemployed individual has worked for a period of time the cycle would start over. He would then be offered training and another unemployed individual would be drawn into the vacated position.
FACTORS RELATED TO SUCCESS IN AN MDTA PROGRAM
Authors: Poppelbaum Martha C.
Published: December 2011

A study was undertaken to attempt to relate selected defined factors to success in a Manpower Development Training Center program. Subjects were disadvantaged or culturally deprived adults who were referred to a nurse aide‐orderly training course that consisted of both vocational and remedial education phases. Factors studied were an evaluation by the referring counselor in the stated interest of an individual taking the training, previous employment history (compiled by both type and duration), formal educational level, age when completing the course, expressed attitudes toward the course while enrolled, and aptitude test results.
WOMEN GOING BACK TO WORK: PRELIMINARY PROBLEMS1
Authors: Farley Jennie
Published: December 2011

Analysis of 422 applications submitted to an employment agency by married women suggests that some professional women who seek to reenter the labor force lack confidence, skill in presenting their credentials, and enough self‐assurance to present themselves in their own names. In this sample of women, the individual whose self‐image as an independent professional allowed her to defy Emily Post was more likely to get a job than was the individual who used her husband's name.
TRAINING AND COUNSELING OF THE OLDER WORKER1
Authors: Britton Jean O.
Published: December 2011

Mature workers are and will continue to be an important source of labor in the economy. By 1975 approximately one‐half of the labor force will be over 45 years of age. Problems of training, re‐training, and counseling these workers are examined in this paper in terms of some of their characteristics, such as slower work habits, decreased physical strength, adaptability, and lack of self‐confidence. Ways to alleviate or compensate for possible handicaps of older employees through training and counseling programs are suggested.
THE USE OF BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC SPEAKING ABILITY
Authors: Altbaum Carole A.
Published: December 2011

Research has shown that behavior can be successfully modified if behavioral goals are specified and the behavior is broken down into small workable units. The counselor and counselee can work together to state the desired outcome of the counseling process. This report presents a case study in which the method of successive approximations was used with a young male client to develop public speaking ability.
THE CHALLENGE OF WELFARE DEPENDENCY TO REHABILITATION1
Authors: Kunce Joseph T.
Published: December 2011

The relationship of welfare status and socioeconomic status (SES) to employment outcomes following prevocational programs for mentally retarded young adults was investigated. About three‐fourths of the clients who were neither on welfare nor from the lower SES were successful, about half of the clients who were either on welfare or from the lower SES were rehabilitated, and only about one‐fourth of the clients who were both on welfare and from the lower SES were rehabilitated. The findings suggest the need for continual improvement in strategies for overcoming the vocational deficiencies of highly “dependent” clients.
EMPIRICAL COMPARISONS OF COUNSELOR ORIENTATIONS
Authors: Akridge R. L. , Bergeron W. L.
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate counselor behaviors related to being “counseling oriented” in one's interaction with clients as opposed to being “placement oriented.” The levels of therapeutic conditions (accurate empathy, self congruence, unconditional positive regard, and intensity and intimacy of interpersonal contact) were all positively correlated with being counseling oriented (p<.01). The multiple correlation of the therapeutic conditions with being counseling oriented was .74 with accurate empathy accounting for the major portion of the variance. Further analysis of the frequency of specific counselor responses revealed that counselors who provide high therapeutic conditions, or those who are counseling oriented: (a) manifest a distinctly different pattern of responses; and, (b) are more active in the counseling relationship in terms of total responses.
A SOCIAL ENGINEERING APPROACH TO EMPLOYMENT COUNSELING
Authors: Stone J. Blair
Published: December 2011

Traditionally counseling has been concerned with client change. The point of view taken here is that the goals and clientele of employment counseling require concern with social change as well as client change.
REPRESENTATION OF THE WORLD OF WORK IN DAYTIME TELEVISION SERIALS
Authors: Gade Eldon M.
Published: December 2011

Daytime television serials were analyzed for their representation of the world of work. It was found that 80 percent of all jobs portrayed were in the professional, technical, and managerial category with a very high representation of jobs in the health fields. When occupations represented by men and women characters were separately analyzed, similar patterns of gross overrepresentation of the professional occupations and underrepresentation of clerical, sales, and benchwork categories were noted. This distortion of the world of work as portrayed on television serials was compared with the distortion already noted in the occupational literature.
NEW DIMENSIONS IN THE ANALYSIS OF THE INTEREST CHECK LIST (ICL)
Authors: Davis Stephen P.
Published: December 2011

This article is an expansion on the research reported by the author in the June 1971 issue of this journal. In that article it was shown that the ICL was biased in certain ways. In this article the author explains how he uses the ICL in such a way as to obviate its operational weaknesses.
GATB APTITUDE TESTING OF THE DEAF: PROBLEMS AND POSSIBILITIES
Authors: Botterbusch Karl F. , Droege Robert C.
Published: December 2011

This study, based on aptitude testing of 408 deaf high school students, provides evidence that a modified version of the GATB is a useful instrument for measuring the occupational aptitudes of deaf individuals.
A COMPARISON OF A DISADVANTAGED SAMPLE WITH A NATIONAL SAMPLE ON THE GATB
Authors: Helwig Andrew A.
Published: December 2011

The GATB is widely used in making vocational decisions. The norms are based on a national sample tested in 1952. In the study reported here the GATB results of a sample of disadvantaged individuals were compared to the results of the 1952 sample. Significant differences were obtained for five variables: name comparison, computation, vocabulary, tool matching, and arithmetic reasoning. In each case the scores of the national sample were higher.

The differences occurred on variables of an academic nature, although mean education was approximately the same in both samples. Some reasons for the differences are suggested in this article.
EXCESSIVE UNEMPLOYMENT CREATES EXCESSIVE SUFFERING AMONG BLACKS
Authors: Mogull Robert G.
Published: December 2011

Evidence suggests a causative relationship between excessive unemployment among blacks and subsequent costs that disproportionately afflict them. Costs that are generated by unemployment may be categorized as economic, social, and psychological. These costs are the result of poor employment opportunities. The purpose of this article is to review and illustrate some manifestations of disproportionate Negro unemployment.
PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION AS A SOURCE OF GAIN IN COUNSELOR COMMUNICATION
Authors: Harper John H. , McKenzie Joe M. , Magnus Robert
Published: December 2011

This study investigated the effectiveness of programmed materials in interpersonal relations in improving the facilitation levels of counselor communication. Thirty Employment Service counselors were pre‐tested by assessing response levels to representative client stimuli expression. The subjects were then given 10 hours of written, programmed instruction. Post‐test scores indicated that statistically significant gains were realized in the communication of empathy and respect.
ENTRY LEVEL HIRING STANDARDS IN RURAL CENTRAL MINNESOTA
Authors: Korkowski Clifford , Krueger Albert
Published: December 2011

In order to determine the hiring standards for entry level jobs used by employers in rural central Minnesota, a rating scale was developed. On the rating scale, 15 characteristics that seemed important for hiring purposes were included. The rating scale was mailed to 20 employers hiring over 30 employees. All 20 employers returned the rating scales. The results indicate that 100 percent of the employers consider attitude as very important or most important for hiring purposes. Ability (aptitude) was considered very important by 90 percent of the employers. Interests, appearance, and references were considered to be of average or more importance by 90 percent of the employers for hiring purposes. The results should assist entry level job seekers in making more effective applications for work.
SUPREME COURT DECIDES HIRING AND PLACEMENT PROCEDURES MUST BE VALID
Authors: Day James F.
Published: December 2011

The U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Griggs v. Duke Power Company (1971) will have important effects on industrial personnel practices that in time will be felt in government, schools, colleges, and other institutions and eventually will touch almost all Americans. In its decision the court admitted that tests are useful but stipulated that they must be valid or job related. The decision will do much to make qualification the all important factor in hiring and selection, and will tend to make race, religion, nationality, and sex irrelevant factors.
CORRELATIONS BETWEEN LENGTH OF STAY IN THE JOB CORPS AND READING ABILITY OF THE CORPSMEN
Authors: Taylor William H.
Published: December 2011

Data on sex, age, race, length of stay, and reading ability were collected on 116 subjects who dropped out of the Job Corps in 1970. The data were analyzed to determine if there were any correlation between length of stay and reading ability. The findings yielded no significant correlations. Certain weaknesses of the study are pointed out and a more promising experimental design, related to other research, is discussed.
EMPLOYMENT SERVICES FOR YOUTH
Authors: Murray Evelyn
Published: December 2011

Youth unemployment has remained a social and economic problem for over a quarter of a century. Experience in the U.S. Employment Service and in schools and other agencies in the community indicates that special advocates, i.e., youth employment specialists, are needed to work with youth and employers if young people are to get their full share of the job opportunities and are to achieve maximum utilization of their talents as new entrants into the labor market.
MASLOW'S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS IN RELATION TO EMPLOYMENT
Authors: Sullivan Dorothy R.
Published: December 2011

Maslow's hierarchy of needs (see Table 1) can be used as a working hypothesis concerning vocational development and as a motivator of employability development and career advancement. The prepotent or basic survival needs are more urgent than the other needs under equal deprivation, and until the prepotent needs are relatively satisfied, the other needs do not emerge as consistent motivators of behavior.
Counseling Outcomes: Counselor Characteristics and Client Results
Authors: VARGA LOU
Published: December 2011

Eighteen counselors in one of the administrative areas of the California Department of Human Resources and 697 of their closed cases were studied in order to discover whether differences in employability outcomes did exist. The study attempted to answer the following questions: (a) How many clients achieve employability during their relationships with employment counselors? (b) What is the final disposition of cases that are closed other than employable? and (c) To what degree do counselors engage in placement activities and what influence do these activities have on employable closures? The study provides evidence that some counselors had significantly more clients achieve employable status than did other counselors.
Effectiveness of the GATB and Counseling Combined: Reducing Vocational Training Dropout Rates
Authors: SEREDNESKY GEORGE E. , CAHILL LORINE , ENGELHART CHARLES I.
Published: December 2011

Seventy‐three male vocational trainees, aged 16 to 22 years, were assigned to one of two groups. The 36 trainees in Group 1 were assigned to a particular vocational course consistent with their GATB profiles and received 3 or more counseling sessions. The 37 trainees in Group 2 received neither prescreening nor counseling sessions but were assigned to their courses because of personal interest and in order to fill vacancies. A phi coefficient of .69, significant at the .01 level, between the combination preparation procedures (prescreening and counseling) and graduation from vocational course was obtained. Further analysis suggests that the combination of counseling and prescreening may reduce dropout rate to a greater extent than prescreening alone.
The WIN Program: Its Success with Female Trainees
Authors: THURSBY LYNN L.
Published: December 2011

This study was designed to examine the effectiveness of WIN with female trainees in a medium‐sized midwestern city. It examines some of the demographic variables of female enrollees in WIN and suggests how WIN counselors might profit from a knowledge of these variables.
Parental Behavior and Vocational Choice: A Comparison of Counselors and Engineers
Authors: WITTMER JOE , JEFFERS MARLIN SCHMIDT , PERSONS WILLIAM E.
Published: December 2011

This study compared the perceived parental behavior characteristics of 41 counselors in training and 33 fifth‐year engineering students in a test of a part of Roe's vocational choice theory, which suggests dichotomous pattern of vocational choice: “toward persons” (e.g., counseling) or “toward nonpersons” (e.g., engineering) categories that will have been determined by the nature of the early childhood socialization process. In essence, a person who has experienced a warm loving home situation is more likely to enter a “toward persons” occupation and an individual whose parent‐child relationship was emotionally cold will most likely gravitate toward a “toward nonpersons” occupation. Both groups were administered the Parent‐Child Relations Questionnaire developed by Roe and Siegelman. The findings lend considerable support to Roe's theory.
The Recruitment Specification
Authors: LIPSETT LAURENCE
Published: December 2011

Identifying the characteristics needed in a job applicant may be the most important step in hiring and most existing forms and procedures are inadequate for the task. A job description and a position description specify qualities of the applicant only by inference. The skills, knowledge, and abilities of a job specification do not give the recruiter sufficient guidelines to fill a complex position. This article proposes a “recruitment specification,” with guidelines that include not only a description of duties, skills, and physical demands, but also such personal qualifications as persuasiveness, creativity, and acceptance of routine. Also included in the specifications are factors in turnover and promotion, and any special factors like discipline, management style, motivators, and satisfiers.
Placement Counseling: Focus on the Community College
Authors: BROD PEARL , BROD NATHAN
Published: December 2011

Because of the vocational emphasis in the two‐year college, placement is even more important here than in other institutions. Statistics accentuate the employment needs of two‐year college students during their attendance at college and after graduation. Despite the needs, placement services have not been adequately developed. Counseling needs in the two‐year colleges are varied and complex. There is a need for career counseling, counseling for career flexibility, preparing for the job interview and how to keep a job, follow‐up, counseling and developing opportunities for minorities as well as concern with handicapped, veterans, and marginal students. Community awareness and participation is essential. To accomplish this, an adequate, well‐prepared staff is required.
Placement Outcomes Of Counseled Applicants
Authors: BRENNA DAVID W.
Published: December 2011

Several questions were investigated regarding the placement rates of counseled and uncounseled employment security applicants. A random sample of 221 inactive application cards was drawn from 12 employment security district offices. Comparisons were made between the counseled and uncounseled groups. It was found that counseled applicants typically had more employability barriers than did those who had not received counseling. Regardless of that fact, the placement rate of counseled applicants was almost twice that of the uncounseled. In general, as the number of counseling interviews increased there was a corresponding increase in the placement rate. This relationship was consistent with a variety of applicant groups.