bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidencias de validez, fiabilidad e invarianza factorial de una escala breve de empatía para niños peruanos
Authors: Ventura-León José , Landa-Barzola Manuel , Valencia Pablo , Tocto-Muñoz Shirley , Manzanares-Medina Eduardo
Published: September 2021

La empatía es conceptualizada como la conciencia de las emociones y cogniciones de los demás y resulta importante en el contexto escolar para el favorecimiento de la convivencia y prevención de conductas agresivas. En ese sentido, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo examinar las evidencias de validez, fiabilidad e invarianza factorial de una escala breve de empatía básica (BES) en niños peruanos. Por ende, participaron 838 niños y niñas entre 8 y 12 años de edad (M = 9.95; DE = 1.13) de seis instituciones educativas, algunos colegios fueron utilizados para el análisis exploratorio y otros para confirmar. Se administró la BES que fue adaptada para niños (BES-I). Respecto al análisis de datos, se efectuó un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y confirmatorio (AFC), además del análisis de invarianza factorial, para finalmente examinar la fiabilidad mediante el coeficiente omega (ω). Los resultados del AFE sugieren una medida bidimensional oblicua (cognitivo y afectivo). Del mismo modo, el AFC reafirmó estos resultados por presentar buenas bondades de ajuste (CFI ≥ .97, RMSEA ≤ .04); estos hallazgos son coherentes con los postulados teóricos que sugieren que la empatía es un constructo compuesto por factores específicos y no por un solo factor. La invarianza factorial de acuerdo con el sexo demostró que la BES-I mide lo mismo en niños y niñas y la fiabilidad obtenida mediante el coeficiente ω fue superior a .65, lo cual indica que es aceptable. Se concluye que la BES-I es un instrumento breve que puede resultar valioso en la comprensión de la empatía infantil en futuras investigaciones.
Global practices and prospects of strategic accounting methods for the Russian banks
Authors:   Perm State University, Kotova Xenia Yurievna , Lapteva Anastasiya Alekseevna ,   Perm State University
Published: September 2021

Fluctuating economic environment and the development of digital technologies highlight the need to update strategic accounting and analysis methods aimed at assessing the reliability of banks and ensuring their sustainable development. The article systematized modern tools for strategic accounting of banking activities, the tools being globally applied by regulatory authorities and potential investors to assess the efficiency of banking activities, to identify the areas for development and to adjust the strategy chosen by the banks, to obtain comprehensive information on the creditworthiness of credit users. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the prospects for the strategic accounting methods in the activities of the Russian banks and to develop the indicators that increase the assessment reliability in management decision making. The study shows that the challenges faced by the Russian banking practices in adapting the advanced international approaches are related to the significant differences in the business models of credit institutions, the lack of ratings for corporate governance and bank reputation, the underdeveloped assessment approaches to the creditworthiness of credit users with regard to their industry, and the lack of reporting information under IFRS. Practices of strategic accounting for banks activities are upgraded by digital technologies as simulation tools for a large number of processes and as tools aimed to reduce the number of routine operations, to improve the accuracy of calculations, to process and store large databases for effective interaction and information exchange. A comprehensive rating assessment should include both financial indicators and information characterizing the efficiency of the bank performance, its reputation, its external environment and the impact of the economic, political context, environmental and social aspects of banking activities. The novelty of the research is to substantiate the prospects for the development of strategic accounting in the banking sector and to expand the system of indicators to assess the financial condition and reliability of banks, ensuring that findings and predictive assessments are more objective for informed management and investment decision making. The results of the research can be useful for investors, banking supervision authorities, banking specialists, risk management experts, and scientists interested in developing strategic accounting tools in banks. Further research is linked to the need to solve the problem of ensuring reliability and homogeneity of information used in compiling tank ratings, as well as to develop specialized software and applications for the outside users to perform a comparative analysis of banks reliability and for the bank management to monitor activities and to adjust the development strategy.
Theory of institutional and economic disfunctions in the Russian school: Retrospective and prospective views
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sukharev Oleg Sergeevich
Published: September 2021

The article challenges the stereotype which underestimates the accomplishments of the national scientists which generate and develop the current institutional and economic dysfunction theory and provide the pragmatic opportunities for the dysfunction theory. The research aims to consider the contribution of the modern Russian institutional economic school into generating and developing the institutional effects theory with the focus on its tool segment - the theory of economic and institutional dysfunctions. Methodologically, the article is based on the economic theory of institutions, provisions of the modern theory of institutional effects, including the institution dysfunctions, management theories for the economic systems of different complexity levels, as well as the comparative analysis, elements of mathematical modeling, and solutions of the differential equations. Tool capabilities of the dysfunction theory are illustrated for the developing of management recommendations, a measurement device is created to identify a dysfunction and to apply it in order to access the quality of the institutions and economic systems, the possibilities for applying the dysfunctions in the institutional modeling are defined. To do this, a function equation for the financial support of the institution is obtained to examine the connections between the institution monetization, the quality of their functions and their dysfunctions. The differences between the lock-in and dysfunction effects which characterize their connections with the categories, including stability, efficiency/inefficiency, institutions’ quality, are specified, and a dysfunction is defined as a dynamically changing condition, while lock-in can be static. The article points out the key prospective developments of the institutional and economic dysfunction theories: 1) better tools for measuring the dysfunctions; 2) evaluation of the institutional efficiency and functional potential of the institutions, as well as the quality of the institutions and economic systems; 3) dysfunction modeling, including at the level of its connection with the macroeconomic parameters. Further research into the Russian institutional school of the economic science is seen in the development of the dysfunction theory and its methodological tools for its application to analyze different socio-economic phenomena.
Rent-based income redistribution in developed market economies
Authors:   University of Louisville, Izyumov Alexei , Vahaly John ,   University of Louisville
Published: September 2021

Public-sector workers in many countries earn more, on average, than their private-sector peers with similar characteristics. In terms of economic theory, these rewards represent economic rents most of which paid by a nation’s taxpayers. In contrast to economic rents accruing to recipients at the top of income distribution, most of these payments flow from one group of workers to another. For this reason, we call these payments “horizontal” economic rents. The level of horizontal rents is analyzed in this paper for 28 OECD countries, mostly representing Europe, based on public-private sector pay gap data from a number of studies. We found that measured as a ratio of public-sector overpayments to GDP, the highest horizontal rents are paid to government workers in Mediterranean EU countries. These rents are relatively low in larger EU countries, such as Germany and the United Kingdom and negative in Scandinavian countries, possibly reflecting the recognition of the non-monetary benefits of public employment, such as job security. Analyzing the determinants of horizontal rents, we found that their levels are lower in countries with stronger trade unions, as measured by trade-unions density and higher in countries with larger foreign-born populations. Macroeconomic variables, including GDP per capita, trade openness, labor force participation and government indebtedness were found to not measurably influence the level of horizontal rents. Further research is seen to be connected with a wider range of the countries under analysis, including the developing countries, and the other groups of employees with the horizontal economic rent, as well as the possible ways to decrease or to invalidate it as regards the practices analysis of the countries with the negligible or negative rent such as Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Portugal, and Iceland.
Essential characteristics of the categories and concepts in the training process in the digital economy
Authors:   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simchenko Nataliia Aleksandrovna , Anisimova Natalia Yurevna ,   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University
Published: September 2021

Methodological changes in the modern economy could not keep up with the rapid economic global changes. An appropriate scientific approach should also be provided for the transformations taken place in production and labor relations in the epoch of digitalization. The purpose of the present article is to justify, to systematize, and to develop the categories and concepts for the training process under the digitalization of the economic activities and production and labour relations. The article reveals the impact of different scientific theories in economics on the development of the essential characteristics of the training process; its correlation with the concepts of human resources, human capital, intellectual capital has been described. The need to use a systemic-process approach to analyze the training process as a multi-faceted and multi-tied process in digital economy is justified. The article shows that the existing categories and concepts in the training process fail to reflect the content of industrial and labor relations arising in digitalization and successfully maintaining the digital economy institutions. The article concludes that digital economy should perceive the training process as a new level of resourcing which is an intellectual and professional one, and as an intersectoral development and effective performance of human capital with the purpose to provide the quantitative and qualitative equilibrium at the labor market and its entities. The pool of employees is the object of the training process, while tailored units, divisions and services with their particular authorities, rights and duties including the law-binding ones to support the peopleware are the subjects of the training process. Therefore, the digital economy is transforming the industrial system of the production and labour relations both by adjusting them to digitalization and by generating new types of labour. Structural economic transformations trigger the changes in the essence and the content of the training process and the performance of all participants at the labour market. The essential characteristics of the categories and concepts in the training process in the digital economy should be clarified to set a methodological basis for further scientific studies in the new economic reality.
Strategic planning methodology for public support efficiency in agriculture
Authors:   Penza State University, Samygin Denis Yuryevich
Published: September 2021

Food security maintained with the least budget resources remains to be a topical issue at the current stage of the country’s development. Public support as a strategic planning tool can determine the production of goods which require the least agricultural resources and the minimum expenditures on the citizens’ side to achieve the food security targets. Therefore, there is a need to re-view the criteria for subsidies in agriculture as regards their utilization. The main methodological approaches to the evaluation of the public support efficiency were summarized and critically analyzed to reveal that their imitation capabilities fail to be applied in the strategic planning practices. The purpose of the study was to theoretically justify and to develop the methodological recommendations aimed to improve the evaluation and the planning of the subsidies efficiency in agriculture with regard to the regions’ agriculture potential. The proposed methodology defines the indicators of the profit, pay-off period, capacity and cost-efficiency of the subsidies with regard to the natural and economic conditions of the economic activities as the natural ground for the competitive advantages for the producers in different RF territories, which is seen to be a unique feature of the methodology. To test it, the RF regions are grouped by their cadastral values of 1 ha agricultural land into 5 units. The study found that this factor does not impact the efficiency of the public support, which means a low exploitation of the regions’ strategic potential to solve the food security tasks. Strategic planning tools applied to distribute the budget in agriculture with the focus on more products with the most profitable production output in the context of the particular region and their availability for the consumers will increase the efficiency of the budget spending. The development of these managerial decisions is seen to be the area of the author’s further research.
Experiencias de la diversidad en las fronteras del yo y la antropología.
Authors: Lara Largo Sofía
Published: September 2021

La experiencia consciente de la diversidad es una manera privilegiada de hacer frente a las más grandes contradicciones de lo humano y a los desafíos de la vida en compañía de otros. Este es un relato amable del nacimiento de esta idea antropológica que solamente fue posible gracias a la vivencia antropológica. Es decir, en aquel momento en que la antropología deja de ser un oficio y se entierra en los oídos, las manos, los ojos y la boca. Las ideas importantes suelen tardar en concretarse, es difícil aprehenderlas, domesticarlas. Este relato es una oportunidad de capturar la idea que vuela entre mi experiencia diaria, mi imaginación y mi memoria. Esta idea se ha convertido en la razón implícita y silenciosa que me empuja todos los días a levantarme a luchar en y desde mi oficio. Mi narración pretende restituir algunos momentos en los que esta idea ha florecido y se ha expresado de manera a veces sutil y otras veces furiosa.
Antropologías y etnografías de los caminos. Introducción al dossier
Authors: Caraballo Acuña Vladimir
Published: September 2021

Pensados como escenarios de trámite, como rutas que conectan dos puntos o simplemente como trasfondo, los caminos evocan una estabilidad tal que permiten darlos por sentado. Algo similar ocurre con el caminar, que puede ser entendido como un acto de locomoción, un paseo a bordo del propio cuerpo con el que se salva la distancia entre un origen y un destino. Sin embargo, las indagaciones antropológicas sobre la materialidad de las superficies y de los cálculos que las soportan —políticos, técnicos, económicos, etc.— han mostrado que los caminos, o específicamente las carreteras —roads—, no sólo son espacios de trámite entre dos lugares, sino infraestructuras con capacidad de producirlos (Dalakoglou y Harvey, 2012; Harvey, 2012; Harvey y Knox, 2015). De forma similar, en las últimas décadas han habido elaboraciones antropológicas sobre el caminar como un acto complejo en el que se conoce el mundo (Ingold, 2004, 2010); es decir, una práctica por medio de la cual se crea al caminante (Ingold, 2007; Ingold y Vergunst, 2008; Szakolczai y Horvath, 2018). Para nuestro interés, la producción del etnógrafo como un interlocutor pedestre (Hall y Smith, 2013, 2016; Pink, 2007, 2008; Smith, 2019) que afecta y es afectado por el contexto en el que trabaja. Algo que resulta capital si queremos tener presentes los cuestionamientos a las coordenadas espaciales (Ferguson y Gupta, 1997, 2008) y temporales (Fabian, 1983) con las que se ha entendido el “campo” de las prácticasetnográficas y de las antropologías (Krotz, 1993; Lins-Ribeiro y Escobar, 2008; Restrepo, 2012)
El señuelo patrimonial. Pensamientos post-arqueológicos en el camino de los incas
Authors: Bernal Monroy Diana
Published: September 2021

Este libro presenta una discusión sobre la gestión del patrimonio cultural en un ensayo polémico y provocativo de Cristóbal Gnecco. La propuesta de análisis es comentada por siete autores de los países del Camino de los incas. Algunos de los comentaristas hicieron parte del proceso de postulación del Camino de los incas y otros han trabajado y recorrido partes del mismo. El volumen constituye la segunda entrega de la colección Diálogos en Patrimonio Cultural de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia.
La vida orillera: agitaciones violentas y arremetidas del mar en el Pacífico colombiano
Authors: Galindo Orrego Maria Isabel
Published: September 2021

A orillas del océano Pacífico colombiano la vida sucede en un escenario conmocionado por las agitaciones del agua y de la tierra. En el litoral, la fuerza del mar suscita una inestabilidad constitutiva de sus mundos en tanto las vidas orilleras luchan, obstinadas, con dicha alteración. Colapso y creación trabajan como latencias que hacen pesada y aprietan la vida, pero que no impiden su florecimiento. Desde el encuentro etnográfico entendido como una relación vital que se cría en conversación con otros, esta reflexión se acerca a La Barra, población costera de Buenaventura. Seguimos las huellas de un devenir abrazado a la marea y a las dificultades que imponen otras fuerzas violentas. Esto es dado, dicen los barreños refiriéndose a su playa, pero es también arrebatado ya que no sólo el mar se lo lleva todo.
El cuerpo mochilero. Metáforas de la movilidad contemporánea
Authors: Anta Félez José-Luis
Published: September 2021

Este ensayo de reflexión establece las bases del cuerpo viajero subsumido en una mochila, lo que da lugar a una nueva biocorporalidad: el cuerpo mochilero. Se establecen las bases de qué es el objeto mochila y cuál es su contexto de base en el andar y el hacer camino. El cuerpo mochilero se observa en la realidad de diferentes caminos: de orden material, desde la mochila en el Camino de Santiago (rutas de peregrinación cristiana de origen medieval por el Norte de España) hasta la que se da en el de las grandes gestas deportivas; pero también de orden ideacional, desde el cuerpo mochilero como aspiración del recorrido por el mundo en forma de orden capitalista, hasta la mochila como bagaje en el andar de la vida.
Tn5 based tagmentation library prep protocol, high throughput v1
Authors: Grace Sprehn Charlotte , Enbody Erik , Zan Yanjun , Andersson Leif
Published: September 2021

A very cost effective library preparation for whole-genome Illumina-based sequencing was previously demonstrated by by Picelli et al (Picelli et al., 2014). In this protocol, we optimized the Picelli et al protocol for very high throughput and is capable of generating libraries in 2x 96 well plates every 2 days. This protocol is adapted slightly from a protocol by Zan and Carlborg for high throughput library preparation (https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.rt8d6rw), but optimized for a project focused on high throughput of Darwin's finch samples (https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.19.426595v1).
Multiplex SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR protocol v1
Authors: H L Krijger Peter , A Hoek Tim , Boersma Sanne , I P M Donders Lieke , M C Broeders Maaike , Pieterse Mark , W Toonen Pim , Logister Ive , M P Verhagen Bram , J A M Verstegen Marjon , W van Ravesteyn Thomas , J T M Roymans Rene , Mattiroli Francesca , Vandesompele Jo , Nijhuis Monique , Meijer Stefan , van Weert Anton , Dekker Edwin , J Dom Fred , Ruijtenbeek Rob , B J van der Velden Lieven , H B van de Bovenkamp Jeroen , Bosch Martijn , de Laat Wouter , E Tanenbaum Marvin
Published: September 2021

An in-house multiplex RT-qPCR , targeting SARS-CoV-2and PDV as internal control [1][2], developed on QuantStudio 7 Pro Real-Time PCR Systems using Life Technologies Taqman FastVirus 1-step mastermix with E-gene primers and probe as described by Corman et al. and N1 primers and probes as described by the CDC[3, 4]. 1.Clancy, A. eta al., The development of a qualitative real-time RT-PCR assay for the detection of hepatitis C virus European Journal Microbial Infectious Diseases, 2008. 276(12): p.1177. 2.Wolters, F., et al., Multi-center evaluation of cepheid xpert® xpress SARS-CoV-2 point-of-care test during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Journal of Clinical Virology, 2020. 128: p. 104426 3.Corman, V.M., et al., Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR. Euro Surveill, 2020. 25(3). 4.Lu, X., et al., US CDC Real-Time Reverse Transcription PCR Panel for Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.Emerging Infectious Disease journal, 2020. 26(8): p. 1654.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE SCIENTIFIC AND METHODICAL APPARATUS OF DISCLOSURE OF UNCERTAINTY IN THE PROBLEMS OF INTERACTION
Authors: Borovik O.V. , Borovik D.O.
Published: September 2021

For a large class of systems analysis tasks, an important issue is the disclosure of uncertainties. This is due to the variety of goals, properties and characteristics of the studied objects. Today, the task of revealing the uncertainty of conflicts in the tasks of choosing the goals of plans and plans in the process of interaction of partners or opposition of competitors or opponents remains relevant. There are methods in systems analysis that allow you to solve these problems in some cases. They are based on the application of methods of mathematical analysis and probability theory. However, these methods are applicable only to problems in which the number of partners and the arguments of the objective functions that determine the purpose of their activities coincide. Since in practice, as a rule, such a restriction is not met, it is important to find approaches to solving problems of disclosing the uncertainty of conflicts in the tasks of choosing the goals of plans and plans in the process of interaction of partners arbitrary number of partners and arguments of their target functions.

The paper formalizes the problem of revealing uncertainty in the interaction of partners, in which the number of arguments of the objective functions is not necessarily equal to the number of partners. The analysis of the existing approach to the solution of the formulated problem in the absence and presence of situational uncertainty for two and any number of partners is also carried out. Based on the application of technical constraints, an approach to solving the problem is proposed and software and algorithmic support for its implementation is formed. This approach is based on the preliminary formation of the area of acceptable solutions (Pareto area) and the subsequent search for a rational solution in this area. The proposed approach can be applied to solving the problem of disclosing the uncertainty of conflicts both in the absence and in the presence of situational uncertainty. Software-algorithmic implementation of the author's approach to solving the research problem allows to automate individual stages of problem solving.
METHODS OF IDENTIFICATION AND COMPREHENSIVE DIAGNOSIS OF TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Yakymchuk N.M. , Toroshanko A.I.
Published: September 2021

The article formulates the main tasks of management of information networks and telecommunications services in terms of ensuring their reliable operation. The telecommunication network is considered as a complex system consisting of many components, each of which has its own characteristics of operation during operation. The main functions of the telecommunication network control system are determined: fault detection and network status diagnostics, network device administration, forecasting and elimination of congestion and other possible deviations in network functioning, ensuring coordinated interaction between different types of control systems for providing telecommunication services with specified quality.

Methods of analysis and management of networks are essentially a kind of identification methods, i.e. the current assessment of the parameters and condition of complex technical systems. There is a close relationship between identification and diagnostic tasks. The methods for solving these problems largely depend on the class to which the identification object can be assigned. Computer and telecommunication networks belong to the class of distributed systems with delays in signal and control information. Methods of retrospective identification are used to analyze the state of such systems.

The influence of delays of signal and control information on the efficiency of search and determination of places of failures, overloads and emergency modes in communication networks is investigated. The results of computer simulation are given. The approach based on regular control of parameters and condition of network nodes taking into account delays of receipt of information on parameters and a condition of a concrete network node and delays of the control information necessary for adjustment of parameters of a network node as control object has found further development.
Advisory Board on potential import substitution of follitropin alfa preparations in IVF cycles
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: September 2021

On July 17, 2021, Advisory Board with the participation of more than 60 leading reproductive specialists and healthcare executives was held. The primary task was to discuss the real world data on the first Russian biosimilar follitropin alfa and the possibilities of import substitution of follitropin alfa drugs. The information about drug development stages, experience of usage in ovarian stimulation for artificial insemination and assisted reproductive technologies (ART), the results of the largest Russian study in reproduction "FОLLITROPIN" (2020), where biosimilar recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) was studied in 5484 IVF cycles in real clinical practice, experience of drug use in leading ART medical centers have been provided in research reports. After discussion the Advisory Board Resolution has been developed.
Intensity of lipid peroxydation processes and activity of antioxidational ferments in erythrocytes at initial forms of vascular brain diseases
Authors: Javorskaya V. A. , Malakhov V. A. , Belous А. М.
Published: September 2021

Level of spontaneous POL (over the accumulation of malonic dialdegid and dienic conjugates) and activity of antioxidational ferments of glutationreductase and glutationperoxidase, and also passive transport of Ca2+ in erythrocytes allowed to discover that the level of spontaneous POL was high along with lowering of activity of glutation-containing ferments and Ca2+ accumulation in erythrocytes. High activity of POL, lowering of activity of physiological antioxidational system, accumulation of Ca2+ in erythrocytes are considered by the authors as violation of cytomembranous homeostasis in the present group of patients.
Bladder dysfunction in organic diseases of the nervous system (pathophysiology, clinical picture, treatment)
Authors: Bogdanov Е. I.
Published: September 2021

Urinary disorders often occur with lesions of the central and peripheral nervous system. Sometimes the analysis of the nature of neurogenic bladder syndrome (LUT) makes it possible to make a topical and nosological neurological diagnosis.
International classification of headaches, cranial neuralgia and facial pain
Authors: Nasibullin R. E. , Gorozhanin V. N.
Published: September 2021

International classification of headaches, cranial neuralgia and facial pain, migraine, tension headaches.
Sanatorium treatment of epilepsy patients at the stage of industrial rehabilitation
Authors: Pyrkov P. P.
Published: September 2021

Each person with all the complex set of personal characteristics is in close contact with the environment, called by EN Haeckel [10] ecology. Therefore, it is impossible to carry out the entire complex of medical and social rehabilitation of patients in isolation from the environment. As for patients with neuropsychiatric diseases, the optimization of their social functioning is impossible without the inclusion of positive environmental factors in the therapeutic program.
Mendelevich V.D. Psychiatric propaedeutics: a guide for doctors and students. - Kazan: Povolzhsky Book Center, 1995.- 376 pages
Authors: Dmitrieva Т. В.
Published: September 2021

The monograph of Doctor of Medical Sciences V.D. Mendelevich is addressed to novice doctors and medical students on probation in the field of psychiatry. It is written in the form of a clinical guideline, which required the author of an appropriate approach to the selection of material and the development of a presentation style in which the results of research (both known and his own) are maximally unified and schematized.
Anxiety as one of the factors determining the rate of multiple sclerosis progressing
Authors: Skorometz A. A. , Zaslavsky L. G.
Published: September 2021

Results of psychologic examination of 61 patient with multiple sclerosis diagnosed by Poser criteria are described. In most part of patients an increased level of both egocentric and reactive anxiety in comparison with findings of control group of healthy subjects and group of patients with some other neurologic pathology is with certainty determined. It is found that multiple sclerosis in patients with intense egocentric (congenital) anxiety is taking more malignant course. It is concluded that conducting psychologic testing of multiple sclerosis patients on the early stage for probable assessment of the further course of the disease and working out of more individual tactics of treatment is expedient.
Psychogenic disorders in children with perinatal injury of CNS: ethiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, correction
Authors: Belousova M. V.
Published: September 2021

Peculiarities of occurence of psychogenic disorders in children are explored, and efficiency of psychotherapy is estimated. In clinical picture of psychogenic disorders anxiety-depressive (59,0%), cerebroasthenic (61,5%) and phobic (8,6%) syndromes prevailed. In 34% of children increased level of anxiety was noted. In 87% of children low physiologic stress resistance was found. Use of psychotherapy in correction of psychogenic disorders was found to be effective. The performed analysis of psycho- traumatic effects makes it possible to recommend use of psychotherapeutic procedures adapted for the given age in combined therapy of psychogenic disorders.
Dependence of congenital anomalies of development of nervous and other systems on environmental factors
Authors: Ismagilov M. F. , Ivanov A. V. , Pospelov S. G. , Karpukhin E. V.
Published: September 2021

119 852 case histories of children born within the period of 1970 1996 in different regions of the Republic of Tatarstan were analyzed. Congenital developmental anomalies (for 100 000 children) in gastrointestinal tract are found in 55,4, urogenital system 24,2, cardiovascular system 8,7, central nervous system 7,6, respiratory system 4,1 children. Direct dependency of congenital developmental anomalies on the combination of all the unfavourable environmental factors is determined.
Features of clinical symptom formation in autonomic dysfunction in childhood
Authors: Shvarkov S. B. , Moiseev G. F. , Machulina A. I. , Chernikova O. V. , Cheremisina S. F. , Alisova G. M.
Published: September 2021

Vegetative pathology was detected in 72.5% of children in Moscow. According to WHO criteria, these children are at risk of developing psychosomatic diseases in the adult period.
Muscular-fascial hypertonia and the state of psycho-vegetative status in female workers of the garment industry
Authors: Sakhovskaya E. A.
Published: September 2021

The study involved 60 female workers in the garment industry with the same intensive working conditions and different work experience in production. The severity of the clinical manifestation of local muscle-fascial hypertonia (MFH), the peculiarities of their psychological and vegetative status were studied. In 36 (60.0%) female workers, pronounced clinical manifestations of MPH were revealed; 24 seamstresses were healthy. In 23 patients with MFG, clinically relevant vertebral syndrome at the cervical or thoracic level was determined.
Structural response results from the October 29, 1968, earthquake in the Koyna-Pophali region, India
Authors: Agrawal P. N.
Published: September 2021

abstract

In September, 1968, six ‘Roorkee Seismoscopes’ and two ‘Multiple Structural Response Recorders’ were installed in the Koyna and Pophali area, Maharashta, India. These have recorded the earthquake of 5.2 magnitude which occurred in the region on October 29, 1968. The structural response results obtained and some other relevent inferences possible on the basis of these records are reported here. They indicate the utility of these simplified earthquake recording devices for structural engineering requirements.
The origin of precursors to core waves
Authors: Husebye Eystein , Madariaga Raúl
Published: September 2021

The origin of the precursors of the core waves in the range 105°-142° is studied. Between 105° and 125° a long tail is observed after the P wave diffracted by the core. In the range 130° ≦ Δ ≦ 142° we usually observe short-period onsets a few seconds before PKIKP; these are the waves called P(GH). Reflection at a discontinuity in the outer core, near the inner-core boundary, is shown to produce the P(GH) branch. Reflections in the outer core are rejected as a mechanism for the tail of the P diffracted wave. A theoretical study of diffraction of P by the core shows that higher modes of diffracted waves cannot explain the observations of the tail of P diffracted. We conclude, by elimination, that it is due to reflections or multiple paths in the upper mantle.
T-Phase data on Kamchatka/Kurils earthquakes
Authors: Evernden J. F.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Seismic and hydroacoustic data for Kamchatka/Kuril earthquakes of January 1 to July 31 1965 are analyzed in terms of detectability of hydroacoustic signals as a function of seismic magnitude, depth of focus and epicenter locations. An improved calculation procedure for estimating location of hydroacoustic epicenters is presented which results in a clear and simple interpretation of the combined seismic-hydroacoustic data as they relate to “epicenter” calculations.
Fourier integrals and quadrature-introduced aliasing
Authors: Bakun W. H. , Eisenberg A.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Computation of Fourier transforms of oscillatory signals by refined quadrature rules using uneven weighting schemes leads to spurious spectral estimates. The degree of spectral contamination can be estimated as a function of frequency by an analysis in terms of aliasing.

In particular, the extended Simpson's rule introduces a secondary −13 amplitude aliasing across a folding frequency equal to 12 the Nyquist frequency. This secondary folding frequency is clearly related to the pseudo-sampling interval introduced by the quadrature weighting scheme.

Quadrature-introduced aliasing results in spectral contamination within the principal band (0 to fN Hz). An example has been given to demonstrate the quadrature-introduced aliasing and discussed in terms of seismic signals.
Effects of varying anisotropy coefficient on SH-wave dispersion
Authors: Upadhyay S. K. , Negi Janardan G.
Published: September 2021

The characteristic frequency equation for SH-wave propagation in an anisotropic, inhomogeneous-layered structure lying between two isotropic, homogeneous half-spaces is obtained by applying the Thomson-Haskell matrix method. A particular case is studied to analyze the effects of varying anisotropy on SH-wave dispersion. Numerical analysis is performed for a representative set of data to distinguish between the cases of increasing, uniform, and decreasing anisotropy coefficien in the medium.
A refraction study of the crustal structure in southern Norway
Authors: Sellevoll Markvard A. , Warrick Richard E.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Two seismic profiles across southern Norway have yielded a crustal structure with a good correlation between average topographic elevation and crustal thickness. The Mohorovicic discontinuity was deepest at 36 to 38 km beneath the central portion of the mountain range and shallowest at 28 to 30 km beneath the coast-line of western Norway. The depth and structure of the Conrad discontinuity is uncertain. Observed velocities include Pg between 6.0 and 6.3 km/sec, Pb of 6.5 km/sec, and Pn of 8.05 km/sec.
Interaction of infill walls and concrete frames during earthquakes
Authors: Stratta J. L. , Feldman J.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Observations are given on the behavior of infilled walls during the Peruvian earthquake. Six recommendations are made to help reduce interaction between infilled walls and concrete frames.
Structural effects of the Peru earthquake
Authors: Berg Glen V. , Husid L. Raul
Published: September 2021

abstract

Selected engineering aspects of the earthquake are discussed, particularly of steel frames, reinforced concrete, and adobe buildings. Some critical comments on failure are given and pattern of damage discussed.
The focusing of earthquakes
Authors: Jackson P. S.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Many regions subjected to uniform seismic excitation are characterized by relatively small areas of intense damage. This paper examines the effects of geological inhomogeneity, and the related focusing of seismic rays, as a possible cause of this phenomenon. The analysis uses the progressing wave technique to calculate ray paths and amplification factors for typical geological configurations.
Dynamic properties of timber school buildings
Authors: Rea Dixon , Bouwkamp Jack G.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Dynamic tests were conducted on four buildings of the old McKinley School in Santa Clara County, California. The buildings, single-story timber structures, were vibrated by means of an eccentric-mass type vibration generator to determine their resonant frequencies, associated mode shapes, and damping factors. The test results from two of the buildings are used to illustrate the dynamic behavior of such structures.

Typically, the buildings had three basic modes of vibration that have been designated transverse, longitudinal, and flexure of the roof diaphragm. The resonant frequencies of transverse and longitudinal modes ranged from 7 to 10 cps, and the damping factors varied from 3 to 4 per cent. The resonant frequencies of the flexure modes of the roof diaphragms ranged from 6 to 10 cps and the damping factors from 1 to 3 per cent.
Influence of base-rock characteristics on ground response
Authors: Lysmer John , Bolton Seed H. , Schnabel Per B.
Published: September 2021

abstract

The response characteristics of nine typical soil deposits over different types of base rock are studied in order to evaluate the influence of the base-rock characteristics on the surface accelerations. The study shows that the spectra for the surface accelerations are virtually independent of the properties of the base rock provided the latter is homogeneous. However, layering of the base rock may influence the surface acceleration spectra to an appreciable extent and certain types of analytical procedures may give grossly erroneous results for such cases.
Response of a viscoelastic sphere due to a point source at the center
Authors: Alterman Z. , Schoenberg M. , Yaacobi D.
Published: September 2021

abstract

The problem of the response to a pulse at the center of a solid sphere, assuming general linear viscoelastic behavior, is presented, and the formal series solution is given. The solution is computed for a sphere with Kelvin behavior in shear and compression, and the propagation and reflection of an attenuating spherical wave is shown. The series solution is shown to converge, and properties of the solution are discussed.
A real frequency, complex wave-number analysis of leaking modes
Authors: Watson Thomas H.
Published: September 2021

Leaking-mode dispersion and attenuation is computed for two single-layer models. Roots of the dispersion relation are obtained in the complex wave-number plane, using real frequency as the independent variable. At low frequencies the root loci on the (+, +) sheet determine the fundamental propagating mode plus a series of attenuated standing-wave modes in the vicinity of the source. As frequency increases, the complex roots on all four sheets migrate through the wave-number plane, producing (successively) organ-pipe modes, PL modes, and normal modes. For higher frequencies, the modes exhibit a tendency to couple with pure P- (and S-) type motion in the wave guide. These effects are related to similar phenomena which occur for the case of the free elastic plate.

Results are also calculated for a six-layer continental model. Here the pseudo-modes on the (+, −) sheet noted by Cochran et al. (using real wave-number analysis) are found to be decoupled P- and S-related modes whose phase-velocity curves freely intersect one another when frequency is assumed real.
Surface-wave and body-wave magnitudes of some Sino-Soviet nuclear explosions and earthquakes
Authors: Gupta Harsh K. , Sitaram M. V. D. , Narain Hari
Published: September 2021

abstract

Body-wave and surface-wave magnitudes have been determined for Sino-Soviet nuclear explosions and earthquakes in nearby regions using National Geophysical Research Institute's seismological observatory data. On a Ms versus mb plot, the two are clearly distinguished. The following relations hold good between Ms and mb.

M S = 0.70 m b + 1.88 for earthquakes ,

and

M S = 1.06 m b − 1.46 for explosions .

A comparison with an analogous study involving only continental seismic paths for North American explosions and earthquakes shows that our findings are consistent for earthquakes whereas for explosions, NGRI Ms values are systematically lower.
A shallow-faulting model
Authors: King Chi-Yu
Published: September 2021

abstract

Particle motion was examined along the surface trace of a kinematic faulting model in which rupture starts at a point at a shallow depth and spreads with a circular front along a vertical fault plane. The center may either be fixed in position or move in prescribed paths as the radius expands at a constant rate. The offset is a cosine function of a constant shape of the radius. It was found that when rupture is free to spread in all directions along the fault plane, the displacement-time curves are approximately finite ramps. When rupture propagation is hindered in some direction, the displacement curves near the point of hindrance have an abrupt beginning followed by a gradual approach to final value. The apparent rupture along the surface trace shows an initial speed much higher than the actual rupture speed. Kinks are introduced in some displacement curves when the mode of propagation is suddenly changed.
Observation of crustal tilt preceding an aftershock at San Fernando, California
Authors: Sylvester Arthur G. , Pollard Dwigt D.
Published: September 2021

Anomalous drift of a theodolite plate-level bubble was observed about 5 hr before two of the stronger aftershocks of the San Fernando earthquake of February 9, 1971. The phenomenon may be related to crustal tilting during the accumulation of strain prior to the aftershocks.
Quasi-static magnetic field changes associated with the CANNIKIN nuclear explosion
Authors: Hasbrouck W. P. , Allen J. H.
Published: September 2021

abstract

As a result of the CANNIKIN nuclear explosion, the magnetic field several kilometers from the epicenter appears to have been permanently altered. Within 30 sec after detonation, a proton magnetometer 3 km away recorded a 9-gamma step increase in total magnetic field. Continuous difference recordings between the station at a distance of 3 km from the epicenter and one at 9 km showed that a 7.0-gamma average increase was maintained between these locations for 8 days after the shot. Along a 12-km traverse centered across a portion of a fault 1.6 km from ground zero, postshot-minus-preshot magnetic field difference readings decreased semi-sinusoidally from a high value of +13 gammas in the shot-contained block to a low value of −11 gammas in the distal block. Within 15 m to either side of the fault trace, a 15-gamma wedge-shaped magnetic low was observed. The magnetic effects can be reasonably interpreted as being caused by either shot-produced residual stresses or shot-caused alterations of remanent magnetization.
Preliminary results of ground deformation measurements near the CANNIKIN explosion
Authors: Dickey D. D. , McKeown F. A. , Bucknam R. C.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Ground deformation around the CANNIKIN underground nuclear explosion was studied by means of geodetic measurements, observation of tilt in lakes, and analysis of high-speed motion pictures. The lengths of 53 lines of the order of 1 km long located as many as 7 km from ground zero (GZ) were measured before and after the explosion. Principal strains calculated from the observed changes in length indicate northeast-oriented extension, which is interpreted as reflecting, in part, the release of tectonic strain. Information from an incomplete remeasurement of level lines indicates as much as about 1 m of residual uplift along nearly 2 km of the Bering coast adjacent to the explosion site. Measurements of tilt at six lakes differ in magnitude and direction from the values expected to be produced by expansion of the explosion cavity, but seem to be related to the influence of geological structures near the lakes. High-speed motion pictures indicate that the ground surface in the GZ area had risen vertically about 8 m by 1.4 sec after the explosion and had returned to within about 1 m of its original elevation by 4 sec after the explosion.
Visible geological effects of the CANNIKIN event
Authors: Morris R. H. , Gard L. M. , Snyder R. P.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Postshot field investigations indicate that most of the visible geological effects produced by the CANNIKIN event are limited to an area of a 2-km radius from ground zero (GZ). Two stages of fracturing are recognized, one at shot time that induced a maximum of 0.6 m vertical displacement along the Teal Creek Fault located 1,070 m northwest of GZ, and one inferred to have occurred at collapse time (38 hr later). The three principal directions of fractures are east-northeast, northwest, and north and are related to pre-existing faults and lineaments. Major displacement along a fault located 760 m southeast of GZ is inferred to have occurred during collapse. Preliminary surveys indicate that the collapse sink is asymmetric with relation to GZ. The oval subsidence area is 1,270 by 915 m and the surface low, located 366 m southeast of GZ, subsided about 20 m. Several lakes are forming in the sink area.

A portion of the intertidal platform along the Bering coast was uplifted about 1 m and major rock slides occurred along the cliffs within this zone of uplift. Elsewhere, minor rockfalls, slides and tundra slumps occurred along cliffs or steep slopes.

Lake beds have been fractured and, in some cases, the lakes have drained.