bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Central Injection of Substance P Antagonizes the RF Amide-Related Peptide-3 Impacts on Hypothalamic KISS-1 and GnRH Gene Expressions in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Rahdar Parastoo , Khazali Homayoun
Published: January 2019

Background: Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone and its mammalian orthologues (RFRP: RF amid related peptide) are known to inhibit the secretion of gonadotropins. In addition, substance P (SP) a member of tachykinin’s family is demonstrated that can increase the firing rate of kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin (KNDy) neurons and provokes the of secretion gonadotropins. In this experimental study we investigated the effects of co-administration of RFRP-3 and SP on the expression of KISS-1 and GnRH genes in male rats. Methods: forty-two mature Wistar rats were randomly allocated in 7 groups (n=6 in each group). Animals in each group intracerebroventricularly received either saline+DMSO, 1nmol SP, 5 nmol RFRP-3, 1nmol SP plus 5 nmol RFRP-3, 1 nmol SP plus10 nmol RF9 (RFRP-3 receptor antagonist), 1 nmol SP plus 1 nmol P234 (kisspeptin receptor antagonist) plus 5 nmol RFRP-3 or 1 nmol SP plus 5 nmol CP-96,345 (SP receptor antagonist) plus 5 nmol RFRP-3 in final volume of 3 µl. After two hours following injections hypothalamic samples were collected for evaluating the expression of target genes by real-time PCR technique. Results: Injections in SP and SP plus RF9 groups increase the expression of the both GnRH and KISS-1 genes (P<0.05). Injections in RFRP-3 group and SP plus RFRP-3 plus SP antagonist group significantly decrease the expression of both GnRH and KISS-1 genes (P<0.05). Injections of SP plus RFRP-3 group and SP plus RFRP-3 plus P234 group did not significantly change the expression of GnRH and KISS-1 genes. Conclusion: The results indicate that SP antagonizes the effects of RFRP-3 on the expression of Hypothalamic KISS-1 and GnRH genes.
Neuroprotective Effect of 4T1 and Sertoli Cells Co-Transplantation in Animal Model of Brain Ischemia
Authors: Milanizadeh Sara , Aliaghaei Abbas , Bigdeli Mohammad Reza
Published: January 2019

Aim: Introducing neurotrophic factors are among several new approaches to enhance neural resistance to the ischemic condition. Cancer cells such as 4T1 are one of the strongest cells with high viability in transplanted area. 4T1 cells are invasive breast carcinoma cells derived from spontaneous tumors in mouse Balb/C which their pathologic effects are limited to Balb/C species. Sertoli cells (SCs) can be a proper candidate for increasing transplanted cells survival. These cells not only suppress the immune system, but also secret growth factors. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible neuroprotective effect of 4T1 transplantation on middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model alone and with SCs co-transplanted. Material and Methods: Rats were divided into five experimental groups: control, sham, SCs, 4T1 and 4T1+SCs treated groups. Cells were transplanted into the right striatum by using stereotaxic surgery. Ischemic surgery was done after five days. 24 hours after reperfusion, neurological severity score, infarct volume, brain edema, and blood-brain barrier permeability were assessed in different areas of the brain including cortex, striatum and piriform cortex-amygdala (Pir-Amy). Results: This study demonstrates that SCs and 4T1 transplantation ameliorate neurological deficits and reduce infarct volume, brain edema and blood-brain barrier permeability compared to the control group. Conclusion: Introducing cancer cell transplantation as a source of neurotrophic factors to enhance neural survival can be a new approach in cell therapy.
The Global Burden of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in Tuberculosis Infected Patients and Related Financial Aspects
Authors: Sargazi Atefeh , Sepehri Zahra , Nadakkavukaran Jim Prigil Kumar , Aali Negar , Danesh Masoomeh , Sargazi Aliyeh
Published: January 2019

The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an infectious disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Approximately about 37 million people are infected by this virus with the rate of 1.2 million deaths per year. The mortality rate is high among HIV infected patients in the first 6 months of treatment.1 Immune deficient cases are at the high risk of any opportunistic infection. AIDS has been closely linked with tuberculosis (TB) disease, so almost one third of total mortality is related to this co-infection. In this regard, tuberculosis is used as a diagnostic index for AIDS.2 AIDS is not only associated with high mortality and morbidity, but it affects social life with related stresses and anxieties.3 Considering vast influence of HIV-TB over peoples’ lives, the present study aimed to estimate direct global burden of HIV infection on the patients with TB in a one-year period in 2014.
The Role of Ionizing Radiation in Cellular Signaling Pathways, Mutagenesis, and Carcinogenesis
Authors: rezaiekahkhaie sakine , Rezaie Keikhaie Khadije
Published: January 2019

One of the negative effects of ionizing radiation is the alteration of cellular signaling pathways which lead to carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis. In this review, we discussed the impacts of ionizing radiation on cells and cellular signaling pathways. In this regard, exposure to radiation can directly or indirectly alter cellular signaling pathways. Remarkably, irradiated cells release special mediators into cellular matrix, aberrating cell-cell and cell-environment interactions. Most notably, these mediators include nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cell growth factors which contribute to cellular interactions between irradiated cells and their neighbor cells, a phenomenon known as radiation-induced bystander effect. DNA molecule is the most important cellular compartment damaged by ionizing radiation. On the other hand, the ability of irradiated cells to repair the damaged DNA is very low. Therefore, DNA alternations are passed to the next generations, and ultimately lead to carcinogenesis. The study of ionizing radiations and their impacts on biological systems is of remarkable importance to divulge their impacts on cellular signaling pathways.
Genetic and Phylogenetic Diversity of Escherichia coli Strains Collected From Fecal Specimens of Patients Admitted to Zabol Hospitals
Authors: Firoozkoohi Aliyeh , Ghalehnoo Zahra Rashki
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Escherichia coli is one of the most prevalent bacterial species which cause gastrointestinal and digestive tract infections in humans and livestock. This study examined genotypic diversity of the E. coli isolates taken from fecal specimens in Zabol using random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method and phylogenetic background.Materials and Methods: In this study, 100 isolates were collected from human samples and identified by the common biochemical tests. The isolates were categorized into four main phylogenetic groups including group A (28 isolates), group B1 (7 isolates), group B2 (48 isolates), and group D (17 isolates). Two primers (H1 & H2) were used to study the genetic variation of E. coli and the electrophoresis band pattern was analyzed by the NTSYS.Results: The analysis of the difference in isolates using the RAPD technique showed a genetic similarity between 14% and 100%.Conclusion: The phylogenetic groups B2 and A were more frequent in fecal isolates. In addition, the number of isolates related to phylogenetic groups B1 and D was significantly lower than that of the other groups.
Assessment of Hepatic and Lipid Profiles Following 12 Weeks of Aerobic Exercise in Overweight Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Tartibian Bakhtyar , Malandish Abbas , Afsargharehbagh Roghaiyeh , Eslami Rasoul , Sheikhlou Zeinab
Published: January 2019

Introduction: The impact of aerobic training on liver function by modulating hepatic enzymes and lipid profiles in overweight women is uncertain. The aim of our study was to examine the impact of 12-week aerobic exercise training on hepatic and lipid profiles and cardiorespiratory indices in overweight women aged over 50 years.Methods: Thirty sedentary and overweight postmenopausal women (PMW) over 50 years old were randomly divided into 2 groups: exercise (Ex, n=15) and control (C, n=15) groups. The Ex group performed moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (60 min/d, 3 days/week at 65%-70% of maximal heart rate reserve [HRmax]) for 12 weeks. The C group participated in no intervention during a 3-month period and maintained their normal daily lifestyle. The serum levels of hepatic and lipid profiles were assessed at baseline and after week 12. Descriptive and inferential (ANCOVA test) statistics were used to analyze the data using SPSS software version 23.0 at a significance level of P < 0.05. Results: After 12 weeks of exercise intervention, the serum levels of hepatic and lipid profiles were not significantly different in the Ex group compared to the C group (P > 0.05). However, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), walking-jogging time to exhaustion (WJTE), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) significantly increased in the Ex group (P < 0.05). In contrast, systolic blood pressure (SBP) significantly decreased in the Ex group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results demonstrated that 12-week moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (jogging and walking) at 65%-70% of HRmax did not affect the liver function without modulating hepatic enzymes and lipid profiles in overweight women over 50 years old, whereas cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) by modulating VO2max, WJTE, and SBP was improved.
A Comparative Study on the Antinociceptive Effects of Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors on Sciatic Nerve Ligation Induced Neuropathic Pain in Mice
Authors: Bazi Ali , Poodineh Zahra , Behdani Bentolhoda , Rigi Mehrafrooz , Arezoomandan Hamideh , Sahragard Fatemeh , Miri Fatemeh , Anvari Najla , Jahanpanah Anita , Tabrizian Kaveh
Published: January 2019

Introduction: The role of phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors in reducing neuropathic pains is uncertain. In this study, the antinociceptive effects of theophylline, milrinone, and tadalafil were investigated on sciatic nerve ligation-induced neuropathic pain (NP).Methods: Male mice (25-30 g) were purchased and housed in controlled environmental conditions before and during the experiments. The mice received identical diet and water ad libitum. Two weeks after sciatic nerve ligation, either theophylline (75 mg/kg), milrinone (4.5 mg/kg), or tadalafil (20 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally (IP) injected for either 1, 3, or 7 consecutive days. Antinociceptive effects were evaluated using the hot plate test. Negative controls received time course IP injections of saline (5 mL/kg). A single dose of imipramine (40 mg/kg,) was intraperitoneally administrated to the mice in the positive control group. Results: As was found for this study, a single-dose IP injection of either theophylline (75 mg/kg), milrinone (4.5 mg/kg), or tadalafil (20 mg/kg) on day 14th following sciatic nerve ligation induced significant antinociceptive effects at 30 minutes (P < 0.01), 60 minutes (P < 0.01), and 90 minutes (P < 0.05) compared to the control (saline– treated) animals. Accordingly, both 3- (on days 12–14) and 7-day (on days 8– 14) IP injections of tadalafil (20 mg/kg) induced significant antinociceptive effects at 30 minutes (P < 0.05), 60 minutes (P < 0.01), and 90 minutes (P < 0.01) after sciatic nerve ligation compared to the control (saline–treated) animals. However, the 3- and 7-day IP injections of theophylline and milrinone did not reveal any significant differences compared to the control group. Conclusion: Taken together, the results of this study suggested that selective PDE inhibitors that act predominantly on cGMP pathway, may contribute to the management of sciatic nerve ligation–induced pain.
Evaluating the Effect of Metal Interference in Inhibition of Biofilm Formation by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolated From Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Khazaei Fatemeh , Talebi Somayeh , Hosseni Farzaneh
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Bacteria that are able to form biofilms can lead to chronic antibiotic-resistant infections and immunomodulatory effects. Iron and other bivalent metals are essential requirements for biofilm formation by bacteria. Escherichia coli is the most predominant agent causing urinary tract infection (UTI). This study aimed to assess the effects of bivalent metals (iron, zinc, cobalt, and copper) on biofilm formation by E. coli isolated from hospitalized patients suffering from UTI. Methods: A total of 110 E. coli were isolated from 200 UTI patients referred to Farmanieh hospital in Tehran, Iran. E. coli was confirmed by culture specific media, biochemical tests, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. To determine the antibiotic resistance, the Kirby-Bauer disk method was used and the biofilm formation was assessed using microtiter plate assay and electron microscopy. Finally, the data were analyzed via paired t test using the SPSS software. Results: Based on our results, out of 110 urine samples containing E. coli, the highest and the lowest resistance were observed to ampicillin (90%) and amikacin (53%), respectively. The biofilm development was intensified in the presence of glucose and iron. The results also indicated that biofilm formation was inhibited by the use of bivalent metal ions including zinc, cobalt, and copper, with the maximum effect obtained for zinc (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Our work led us to conclude that zinc, cobalt, and copper can inhibit biofilm formation by bacterial strains in medicine.
The Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Enzymatic and Osmoprotectant Alternations in Different Moringa peregrina Populations Under Drought Stress
Authors: Foroutan Leila , Solouki Mahmood , Abdossi Vahid , Fakheri Barat Ali
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori as a desert tree has economic, nutritional, and medicinal properties, and is constantly encountered with drought stress. In addition, the role of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in regulating the drought stress which induces biochemical processes is uncertain in this plant. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the biochemical alternations, namely, enzymatic and osmoprotectant which are induced by ZnO-NPs in ten populations of M. peregrina under drought stress. Materials and Methods: Moringa peregrina seeds were collected from southeast of Iran in 2014. The young plants were exposed to drought stress by withholding irrigation (until 50% filed capacity [FC]) 40 days after germination followed by spraying 0 (as control), 0.05, and 0.1% of the ZnO-NPs. Results: The alternations of Na/K ratio, enzymes activities, and osmoprotectant content varied under drought stress depending on the M. peregrina populations. Generally, drought stress significantly enhanced peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities, as well as proline content in untreated plants. Further, the Na/K ratio and carbohydrates content significantly decreased under the drought stress. Furthermore, ZnO-NP treatment significantly enhanced POD and PPO activities, as well as proline and carbohydrates content under both well-watered (100% FC) and drought stress conditions (50% FC), and at the concentration of 0.05% rather than 0.1%, ZnO-NPs was more effective. Conclusion: Overall, ZnO-NP treatment could effectively improve the drought tolerance by enhancing the enzymes activities and osmoprotectant content in different M. peregrina populations under drought stress. Therefore, foliar application of ZnO-NPs at 0.05% concentration could be a recommended treatment for growing different M. peregrina populations under drought stress conditions.
Identification of blaVIM, blaIMP and blaSPM-1 Metallo-β-Lactamase Genes in Bacillus subtilis Strains Isolated From Raw Milk and Cheese Samples
Authors: Ghazaei Ciamak , Azizpour Aidin -
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Studies on bacterial resistance to common antibiotics are often based on bacteria isolated from patients, with less attention towards foodborne bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance pattern and the presence of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) genes viz blaVIM, blaIMP, and blaSPM-1, in the Bacillus subtilis strains isolated from raw milk and cheese samples. Methods: A total of 100 raw milk and cheese samples (50 of each) were collected from the centers of production and distribution of dairy products in Ardabil city in 2017. Bacillus subtilis colonies susceptible to antibiotics were identified by conventional methods. Kirby-Bauer method was used to measure the antibiotic susceptibility and MBL E-test technique was used for detecting MBL enzymes. Presence of blaVIM, blaIMP, and blaSPM-1 MBL genes in the bacterial strains was investigated using PCR. Results: The results showed that 25 (59.52%) isolates from raw milk samples and 16 (43.24%) isolates from cheese samples produced MBL enzyme. The MBL-producing isolates exhibited high level (100%) of antibiotic resistance, except for cefixime (67.40%) and cefotaxime (64.60%). All MBL-producing isolates expressed blaVIM gene, while blaIMP and blaSPM-1 genes were not detected. Conclusion: Based on our results, molecular detection of MBL genes can be used as a complementary method along with common phenotypic diagnostic methods in the samples of dairy products, tested positive for MBL.
Homesickness, Depression and Happiness in University Students of Hamadan, Iran
Authors: Moeini Babak , Abasi Hamid , Afshari Maryam , Haji Hosseini Morteza , Ghaleiha Ali
Published: January 2019

Background and aims: Students are exposed to multiple various mental disorders. One of the most important difficulties the students encounter are homesickness and depression the occurrence of which cause less happiness in the students. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship among 3 factors of homesickness, depression, and happiness in dormitory students of Hamedan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 387 dormitory students of Hamedan University of Medical Sciences from January to April 2016. The participants of the study were selected through stratified random sampling technique with proportional allocation. Data were collected through self-reporting and four questionnaires including demographic data questionnaire, homesickness Benfleet questionnaire, University Students Depression Inventory (USDI), and Oxford happiness questionnaire. A quantitative analysis of the inquiry was performed using SPSS software, version 23. Results: The results showed that depression had an indirect relationship (-0.6) with happiness. That is, by increasing the depression scores happiness will decrease. In addition, depression had a significantly direct relationship (0.3) with homesickness. It implies that an increase in homesickness score leads to an increase in depression score. Moreover, homesickness had a significantly indirect relationship (-0.2) with happiness. Namely, an increase in homesickness, results in a decrease in happiness. Conclusion: In view of the results obtained and given the importance of mental health of the students in dormitories, it seems that the reasons related to homesickness and depression should be recognized and included in intervention and prevention programs. Besides, appropriate interventions must be designed and implemented in this regard.
The Relationship of Perceptions, Self-efficacy, and Junk Food Consumption With Demographic Variables in Female Students in Shahrekord
Authors: Tavassoli Elahe , Reisi Mahnoush , Alidosti Masoumeh , Heydarabadi Akbar Babaei
Published: January 2019

Background and aims: Inappropriate or imbalanced consumption of foods may lead to several health problems, especially among adolescents, the complications of which will remain for several years. This study aimed to investigate perceptions, self-efficacy, and the status of junk food consumption and their relationship with demographic variables in female high school students in Shahrekord using Health Belief Model (HBM). Methods: This is a descriptive- analytic study conducted in academic year 2016-2017. Three hundred twenty-three adolescent girls (second grade high school students of Shahrekord) were selected through cluster sampling method. A standard questionnaire, according to the structures of health belief model (perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy) and a checklist for assessment of junk food consumption was used to collect data. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 16 and descriptive as well as analytic tests. Results: The mean age of the participants was 16.03 ± 1.24 years old. The mean scores of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy in proper consumption of junk foods were 55.66 ± 20.95; the mean frequency of junk food consumption among the students was reported to be 6.17 ± 3.18 times. There was a significantly inverse associations among perceived self-efficacy, severity, and benefit and junk food consumption. The mean frequency of junk food consumption in the schools under investigation was 6.67 ± 3.62 times. Conclusion: Considering the consumption of relatively high amounts of junk foods, the students’ low levels of knowledge and perception and the effect of peer groups, it is necessary to promote students’ nutritional knowledge, change adolescents’ diet, and pay more attention to packaging of healthy foods and making them more attractive
Predictors of Quality of Work Life and Job Performance in Clinical Staff in Qazvin, Iran
Authors: Kalhor Mehri , Samieerad Fatemeh , Garshasbi Mahbobeh , Mafi Maryam , Ranjkesh Fatemeh
Published: January 2019

Background and aims: Hospital staff are the main personnel of healthcare who play an important role in improving the health of the society. Quality of working life can affect job performance in clinical staff. This study aimed to examine the relationship between quality of work life and job performance in clinical staff working at Kosar hospital, Qazvin. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted (during July to October 2016) on 163 clinical staff working at Kosar hospital of Qazvin, after obtaining the consent from the authorities. Data were collected using three questionnaires: demographic characteristics, Walton quality of work life, and Paterson’s job performance questionnaires. Subjects were selected using census methods. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 23 and Stata software, version 11. Statistical testes which were applied for the analysis include Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression (MLR). Level of significant was considered at P<0.05. Results: No significant correlation was found between the quality of work life and job performance in clinical staff (P=0.715, r=0.029). The results of linear regression model showed that work experience (β=3.67, P=0.04), type of employment (β=11.3, P<0.001), and shift work (β=60.49, P<0.001) can significantly predict occupational performance in clinical staff. In addition, shift work (β=32.27, P<0.001) can be regarded as a significant predictor of work life quality in clinical staff. Conclusion: The present study could not support the relationship between quality of work life and job performance; however, the results revealed that some demographic and organizational factors were related to quality of work life and job performance.
Features of Neck Pain and its Related Factors Among Patients With Cervical Spondylosis
Authors: Binti Karim Nayeema , Chowdhury Asha Aklima , Aminul Islam Md. , Mandal Anup , Islam Taslima , Rahaman Kh. Shafiur
Published: January 2019

Background and aims: The prevalence of cervical spondylosis is rising. The objective of this study was to figure out the various features and their related factors among cervical spondylosis patients in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted enrolling 40 patients from NITOR (National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedic Rehabilitation) in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data were collected from the physiotherapy department of NITOR using convenient sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Patients who were diagnosed with cervical spondylosis were included in this study. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Descriptive analysis was done using frequency measures, mean and percentages. Results: Among our respondents, the majority of them were female (62.5%). Majority of the participants were in the age group of 35 to 50 years (62.5%). Many of them were urban population engaged in service or housewives. Stressful job (55%), duration of working hour >8 hours (62.5%) were the most common characteristics among patients. The main location of pain was in the shoulder (82.5%) followed by the neck (77.4%) and forearm (70%). Most patients had intermittent pain (57.5%), numbness (55%), tingling sensation (47.5%) and paresthesia (42.5%). Moderate type of pain (65%), the involvement of both upper limbs (35%) and radiating pain to shoulder (72.5%) were the most reported features by patients. No response to medication was also observed. Conclusion: Being female, middle age group, stressful occupation, location and radiation of pain to shoulder are some of the common features revealed in this study. The findings will help the practitioner to plan their treatment goals and techniques considering the characteristics of patients.
Introduction to Competing Risk Model in the Epidemiological Research
Authors: Alipour Abbas , Shokri Abolghasem , Yasari Fatemeh , Khodakarim Soheila
Published: January 2019

Background and aims: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health challenge worldwide, with adverse consequences of kidney failure, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and premature death. The CKD leads to the end-stage of renal disease (ESRD) if late/not diagnosed. Competing risk modeling is a major issue in epidemiology research. In epidemiological study, sometimes, inappropriate methods (i.e. Kaplan-Meier method) have been used to estimate probabilities for an event of interest in the presence of competing risks. In these situations, competing risk analysis is preferred to other models in survival analysis studies. The purpose of this study was to describe the bias resulting from the use of standard survival analysis to estimate the survival of a patient with ESRD and to provide alternate statistical methods considering the competing risk. Methods: In this retrospective study, 359 patients referred to the hemodialysis department of Shahid Ayatollah Ashrafi Esfahani hospital in Tehran, and underwent continuous hemodialysis for at least three months. Data were collected through patient’s medical history contained in the records (during 2011-2017). To evaluate the effects of research factors on the outcome, cause-specific hazard model and competing risk models were fitted. The data were analyzed using Stata (a general-purpose statistical software package) software, version 14 and SPSS software, version 21, through descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: The median duration of follow-up was 3.12 years and mean age at ESRD diagnosis was 66.47 years old. Each year increase in age was associated with a 98% increase in hazard of death. In this study, statistical analysis based on the competing risk model showed that age, age of diagnosis, level of education (under diploma), and body mass index (BMI) were significantly associated with death (hazard ratio [HR]=0.98, P<0.001, HR=0.99, P<0.001, HR=2.66, P=0.008, and HR=0.98, P<0.020, respectively). Conclusion: In analysis of competing risk data, it was found that providing both the results of the event of interest and those of competing risks were of importance. The Cox model, which ignored the competing risks, presented the different estimates and results as compared to the proportional sub-distribution hazards model. Thus, it was revealed that in the analysis of competing risks data, the sub-distribution proportion hazards model was more appropriate than the Cox model.
Molecular Genetics and Epidemiology of Vitiligo: A Minireview
Authors: Aghaeii Shahrzad , Amiri Masoud , Aghaei Maryam , Nilforoushzadeh Mohammad Ali
Published: January 2019

Background and aims: Vitiligo is an acquired, idiopathic, and common depigmentation disorder of the skin that affects people of all ages and both sexes equally worldwide. Although etiology of the disease is unknown, there are theories such as environment and genetic factors. Methods: In this article, we collected and summarized the appropriate manuscripts regarding the epidemiology and genetics using the terms vitiligo and genetic epidemiology in PubMed and Google Scholar. Results: Studies showed the highest prevalence of disease in African countries, but with regard to the distribution of disease in different areas, environmental factors were as important as other causes of vitiligo, and 3 genes of FOXP3, XBP1 and TSLP had the most association with the disease. Conclusion: It seems that recognition of the genetic basis of vitiligo will supply new insight into the therapies for it. Therefore, more genetic studies are needed to discover the genes and causes linked to clinical aspects of this disease.
Self-healing Concrete and Environmental Health
Authors: Amiri Mehrdad , Majrouhi Sardroud Javad , Golsoorat Pahlaviani Ali
Published: January 2019

Nanotechnology will serve as a suitable solution to achieve high performance in future construction. Using this new technology results in creativity and innovation in the construction industry. One of these new technologies is the smart concrete which has received much emphasis in recent years. Many research and experiments have been conducted in scientific research centers around the world in this regard. It is an undeniable fact that concrete structures are prone to cracking. Natural processes have caused cracks in the concrete through which harmful substances entered the concrete leading to steel corrosion. To tackle this issue through the conventional method of concrete restorative, materials, especially polymers which are also harmful to the environment, are used. An alternative that the scientists have achieved is to employ bacteria in concrete through which to produce self-healing concrete and also to reduce the problems regarding the maintenance of concrete for the environment. Bacteria contribute to the durability and performance of the concrete and increase the service life of the concrete.
The Effect of Twin Birth on Neonatal and Infant Mortality Rates: A Systematic Review
Authors: Jafarian Saleh , Amiri Masoud , Mobasheri Mahmoud
Published: January 2019

Background and aims: Twin birth may account for higher mortality rates in infants and neonates. To investigate the potential relationship between twin birth and infant and neonatal mortality rates (NMRs), a systematic review was conducted. Methods: To gather the evidence for the relationship between twin birth and its potential effect on mortality during infancy and neonatal periods, a systematic review was conducted. The most important used databases were PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, Cochrane and Springer. Then, the databases were searched by appropriate keywords. After reviewing and evaluating the collected studies, trends in the different countries were compared. Results: A total of 13 790 related studies were found, of which 128 studies were selected in the first step. The studies which were not related to the subject, in addition to repetitive studies, were excluded from the search in the second step based on inclusion and exclusion criteria by reviewing the abstract and, in some cases, the full article. Finally, 7 studies entered the last step. Conclusion: This study showed that the mortality could be higher among twins than among non-twins, especially among boys.
Renoprotective impact of angiotensin 1-7: Is it certain?
Authors: Nematbakhsh Mehdi
Published: January 2019

The two important arms of renin angiotensin system (RAS) are angiotensin II (Ang II) and angiotensin1-7 (Ang1-7). Both of these peptides are present in the kidney, while the renal hemodynamic responses to these peptides act differently in kidney circulation. For this short-review, we used a variety of sources including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Although in normal physiological condition, Ang1-7 has been known as an inactive agent in the renal system, however in past years many experimental and clinical reports indicated the protective role of Ang1-7 in renal hemodynamics and functions under different circumstances. In the current article, the possible renoprotective role of Ang1-7 was briefly reviewed.
Protective effects of olive in renal failure; a review on current knowledge
Authors: Babaeenezhad Esmaeel , Ahmadvand Hassan , Mohammadrezaei Kkorramabadi Reza , Bagheri Shahrokh , Khosravi Peyman , Jamor Parisa
Published: January 2019

Context: The pathogenesis of renal damage as a risk factor of renal failure can be due to oxidative stress resulting from an imbalance between the production of free radicals and antioxidants. Therefore, antioxidant therapy can be a good strategy to decrease the effects of such diseases. Hence, the aim of this review was to evaluate the protective effect of olive oil as an herb rich in antioxidant compounds on kidney damage in previous studies. Evidence Acquisitions: Present review is based on scrutinizing the contents of relevant papers searched in PubMed, Google Scholar, EBSCO, Embase, directory of open access journals (DOAJ), Web of Science and Scopus. Results: Numerous studies have introduced herbal treatments, being rich sources of antioxidants, as appropriate alternatives for several diseases, including renal damage, when considering the pathogenesis of the diseases. The olive has also been recommended as a plant that has different therapeutic effects, and its therapeutic effects on the kidneys are mentioned in several studies, including the reduction of renal damage parameters and an increase in the antioxidant power of enzymes in the body. Conclusions: Considering the numerous studies on animal models, particularly rats and renal cell lines, olive oil can be used as a reliable method for the treatment of various kidney damages. However, further studies are also recommended in humans.
Increased level of advanced glycation end-products in renal transplant patients is associated with decreased measured GFR and grafted kidney function
Authors: Shahbazian Heshmatolah , Salehipour Bavarsad Samaneh , Yaghooti Hamid , Saadati Seyyed Mostafa , Olapour Samaneh
Published: January 2019

Background: Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) cause proinflammatory responses and macromolecular damages. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) are protein biomarkers for oxidative stress. Levels of AGEs and AOPPs increase with the progression of chronic renal dysfunction. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to measure these species in patients with renal transplantation and to analyze their correlation with the measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal function parameters. Patients and Methods: Eighty renal transplant patients and normal subjects were recruited. GFR was measured by the two-sample plasma method with technetium-99m-labeled diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (TC99m-DTPA) clearance. Biochemical measurements included creatinine, cystatin C, urea, total protein, and pentosidine. Serum AGEs were determined using a fluorometric assay and AOPPs were estimated spectrophotometrically. Results: The measured GFR found to be significantly decreased in renal transplant patients compared to the control subjects (P< 0.001). Levels of AGEs, AOPPs, serum creatinine, and cystatin C were increased in renal transplant patients with lower values of measured GFR (mGFR). A significant association between the levels of AGEs species (serum fluorescence and pentosidine) and mGFR when adjusted for creatinine and other risk factors in multiple linear regression model analysis was found (P=0.05 and P=0.001, respectively). Conclusions: This study demonstrated increased levels of pentosidine and AGEs in transplant recipients were associated with decreased mGFR. Their accumulation can be predictive for the progression of chronic allograft loss of function.
Aerobic exercise and unripe grape extract as antioxidant do not protect the kidney against cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity
Authors: Kasae Sayyedehnikta , Keshavarz Saeid , Mazaheri Bahar , Zolfaghari Behzad , Talebi Ardeshir , Nematbakhsh Mehdi
Published: January 2019

Background: Nephrotoxicity is the cisplatin therapy side effect due to stress oxidative formation and lack of antioxidants. Objectives: The role of aerobic exercise and three different doses of unripe grape extract as an antioxidant on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity were studied Materials and Method: Seventy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into groups of control, cisplatin (2.5 mg/kg/d for 7 days), aerobic exercise + cisplatin and unripe grape extract and also aerobic exercise + unripe grape extract. Aerobic exercise was administered in period of 7 weeks (5 days/week, 1 h/d), and unripe grape extract was used in three different doses of 20, 100, 200 mg/ kg/d for period of 7 weeks. Results: Cisplatin elevated the serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and malondialdehyde (MDA), and also kidney weight and kidney tissue damage score and decreased body weight and the kidney tissue levels of nitrite significantly (P<0.05), but aerobic exercise or unripe grape extract did not alter the parameters toward normal levels. Conclusions: Based on these findings, aerobic exercise and antioxidant such as unripe grape extract may not protect the kidney against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity during anti-cancer therapy
Is renal amyloidosis uncommon in Egypt? A-25-year study
Authors: Labib Amal , Shakweer Marwa M , Salman Manal I , Seif Elham I
Published: January 2019

Background: Renal amyloidosis is a well-known disease. The forms of amyloidosis that are frequently associated with renal involvement are AL and AA amyloidosis. In Theodor Bilharz Institute, in Egypt, 2.5% of the total number of renal biopsies examined showed amyloidosis including secondary type in 80% and primary type in 20% of cases. Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of amyloidosis among Egyptian renal patients within 25 years and to screen the amyloid type whether AA or AL. Materials and Methods: Demographic and pathological data of archived renal biopsies presented to Ain Shams University hospitals in 25 years (1990-2015) were the material of this study. The diagnosis of all renal biopsies included in the study was confirmed by electron microscopy (EM). Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of paraffin blocks for amyloid typing was carried out on archived material from (2010-2015). Results: Of a total number of 3962 biopsies examined; 118 were renal amyloidosis (2.97%). IHC typing of the screened samples revealed positive staining for amyloid A protein in 14 cases (73.68%). Light chain AL amyloidosis was found in 5 cases (26.3%). Conclusions: Renal amyloidosis is not uncommon in Egypt. AA amyloidosis represents the commonest type of renal amyloidosis in this study. The most common underlying disease was systemic inflammatory diseases, on top of familial Mediterranean fever (FMF).
Effect of alpha-lipoic acid on antioxidant gene expression and kidney injury in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Jamor Parisa , Ahmadvand Hassan , Ashoory Hesam , Babaeenezhad Esmaeel
Published: January 2019

Background: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is involved in the initiation, progression, and complications of atherosclerosis in diabetic patients. Objectives: In the current study, the impact of alpha-lipoic acid (LA), a natural antioxidant and a cofactor in the enzyme complexes on MPO, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level, histopathology of kidney and expression of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), GPx and CAT which are involved in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS), was evaluated in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: In this study, 30 male Rattus norvegicus rats randomly divided into three groups; control (C), non-treated diabetic (NTD), and LA-treated diabetics (LATD) was induced by alloxan monohydrate (100mg/kg; subcutaneous [SC]). Then treatment was performed with alphaLA (100 mg/kg intraperitoneal (i.p) daily to 6 weeks). Blood sample of animals collected to measure levels of MPO, CAT and GPx activity GSH and MDA. Kidney paraffin sections were prepared to estimate histological studies and to measure quantitative gene expression SOD, GPX and CAT in kidney. Results: Induction of diabetes led to a significant increase in MPO and MDA, reduced GSH level and GPx and CAT activities (P < 0.05). However, treatment with alpha-LA led to a significant elevation in GPx, CAT and GSH levels with a reduction in MPO activities and MDA levels (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis results showed increased expressions of GPx, CAT and SOD enzyme in the treatment group compared with the diabetic control group. Histopathological lesions such as increased glomerular volume and lymphocyte infiltration were attenuated in the alpha-LA treated group. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that alpha-LA supplementation is effective in preventing complications induced by oxidative stress and atherosclerosis in diabetic rats.
The effect of long-acting PDE-5 inhibitor on renal ischemia/ reperfusion injury in Wistar rats; a study on serum cystatin C and renal histopathological findings
Authors: Siregar Safendra , Romdam Tjahjodjati , Stanzah Henry , Firmansyah Irfan
Published: January 2019

Background: Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is often a complication of bleeding shock, renal dysfunction and renal vessel operation. Nitric oxide (NO) as an important vasodilator is produced by endothelial cells. NO stimulates the generation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Phosphodiesterase (PDE) is an intracellular enzyme which hydrolyzes cGMP into an inactive metabolite. It effectively decreases cGMP level. PDE is an intracellular enzyme which hydrolyzes cGMP into an inactive metabolite. It effectively decreases cGMP level. Therefore, an inhibition of PDE can increase cGMP level. PDE5 inhibitor is a compound which inhibits or acts antagonistically against biosynthesis or act of PDE. PDE5 inhibitor is now commonly used for the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension and erectile dysfunction. According to some latest researches, long-acting PDE5 inhibitor (Tadalafil) reduces renal I/R injury in experiments with Wistar rats. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of long-acting PDE5 inhibitor on renal I/R injury in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Rats were divided into three groups; sham group, a right nephrectomy was performed. Control group, a right nephrectomy was performed followed by an occlusion on left renal pedicle for 60 minutes and a perfusion was performed for 60 minutes. Tadalafil group; the same treatment was performed as to group control, plus administering tadalafil as a PDE5 inhibitor (10 mg/kg), given by a nasogastric tube 60 minutes before the operation. A left nephrectomy was performed on the mice to determine the value of cystatin C level and histopathology. Results: The mean necrosis of tubular renal cells indicates that highest mean necrosis of tubular renal cells was at group control (mean score, 8.6±0.84), and the lowest mean necrosis of tubular renal cells was at sham group (mean score, 4.4±0.52) which indicates a significant difference between the sham and control groups (P<0.05). For the tadalafil group mean score of renal tubular necrosis cell was 6.9±1.45, which also indicates a significant difference between this group with sham group and control (P<0.05). Highest mean cystatin C levels related to group control, mean score was 1.51 ± 0.13 mg/dL, which indicates a significant difference with the sham group (P<0.05), but there is no significant difference with the tadalafil group. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the administration of PDE5 inhibitor (tadalafil) improves reperfusion ischemic injury. Although it did not decrease the level of cystatin C, it significantly reduced tubular necrosis.
Does curcumin or metformin attenuate oxidative stress and diabetic nephropathy in rats?
Authors: Asadi Soheila , Goodarzi Mohammad Taghi , Karimi Jamshid , Hashemnia Mohammad , Khodadadi Iraj
Published: January 2019

Background: Since the importance of oxidative stress in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) has previously been established, the therapeutic effects of various natural antioxidant agents or synthetic drugs have so far been investigated. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of curcumin (a natural polyphenol) and metformin (a common therapeutic medicine for type 2 diabetes) on oxidative status in kidney of type 1 diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study 60 male Wistar rats were divided into 10 groups. Type 1 diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. Rats received chow diet and treated with either normal saline in control (N) and diabetic control (D) groups or different doses of metformin (Met) (300 or 500 mg/kg body weight) or curcumin (Cur) (50 or 150 mg/kg body weight) in N+Met300, N+Met500, N+Cur50, N+Cur150, D+Met300, D+Met500, D+Cur50, and D+Cur150 groups. Urinary creatinine, urea, and protein were measured. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase were assessed in kidney tissues. Results: Both metformin and curcumin showed significant effects on urinary creatinine, urea, and protein levels (P value for all was <0.001). Unlike metformin, curcumin completely restored TAC and TOS (P<0.001), and MDA (P=0.012) in kidney tissues and significantly recovered the activities of SOD (P= 0.003), GPx (P< 0.001), and catalase (P=0.011). Conclusions: Curcumin was found more effective than metformin in attenuating oxidative status in DN.
Impact of fibroblast growth factor-23 on blood pressure and pulse pressure in hemodialysis patients; a multicenter study
Authors: Minoo Farzanehsadat , Jamshidi Mahdieh , Ramezanzadeh Elham , Najafi Mohammadtaghi , Alamdari Azam
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Hypertension seems to be a major problem in dialysis patients. Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) appears to be a risk factor for mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Objectives: This study aims to investigate FGF-23 and its association with blood pressure and pulse pressure among hemodialysis patients. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional multicenter study was performed on 135 patients aged 18 years and over with ESRD treated with hemodialysis. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure of all patients was measured. FGF-23, uric acid, Na and K were measured using blood test and fasting. We used univariate and multivariate linear and non-linear regression. Results: The mean age of patients was 56.45±13.64 years. Around 60% of patients were male. The mean and median FGF-23 in patients was 855.07±43.33 pg/mL and 762.6 pg/mL (IQR=456.6-1430.3) respectively. After adjustment for age, gender, dialysis time, uric acid, Na, K and kt/V, FGF-23 had quadratic association with pulse pressure. We found, each 10-unit (pg/mL) increase in FGF-23 was significantly associated with 0.50 mm Hg decrease in minimum pulse pressure (P=0.002) and 0.42 mm Hg decrease in mean pulse pressure (P= 0.009). Conclusions: FGF23 had a significant association with dialysis vintage and a significant reverse association with minimum and mean pulse pressure.