bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemberdayaan Petani Jagung oleh Stakeholders di Nagari Kataping Kecamatan Batang Anai Kabupaten Padang Pariaman
Authors: Ardila Deni , Eriyanti Fitri
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibiting factors and forms of empowerment of corn farmers by Stakeholders in nagari Kataping Kecamatan Batang Anai Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. The backround of this research is that there are still many nagari Kataping communities who do not yet know how to process corn after harvest. This research uses qualitative research methods with descriptive type. The technique of this research is purposive sampling. The informants of this guidelines the form of structured questions and documentation. Data validity test in this study uses data source triangulation techniques because the comparison and back-checking of the degree of information obtained through different sources. Data analysis techniques throught three stages, namely the stage of data reduction, the stage of data presentation, and the stage of drawing conclusions. The results of this study are the forms of empowerment of corn farmers by Stakeholders and the inhibiting factors for the cultivation of corn farmers by Stakeholders in the nagari Kataping Kecamatan Batang Anai Kabupaten Padang Pariaman.
Is Nigeria Really “Big for Nothing”? Matters Arising from Kevin Nwabugwu Echeruo’s 1969 Propaganda Poster
Authors: Inyang Etiido Effiongwilliam , Nnamdi Basil S.
Published: November 2019

The audacious declaration “Big for nothing” in Kevin Echeruo’s propaganda poster during the Nigerian civil war offers illumination to the forgotten undercurrents that drove the 30-month war which in the last fifty years has contributed to the setting of agenda for separatist polemics in the Nigeria nation-state. Using largely the iconographic approach to visual description and interpretation, this study examines the cultural codes and representational conventions that inform contemporary artistic representational style as a cultural practice. The illustration not only approximates to one of the early visual indicators on the divisive national challenge rendered in highly coded visual and linguistic rhetoric of hegemonic power struggle by the elite class, but also a significant metaphor of contemporary frustration on nationhood and nationality for most Nigerians. Accordingly, this article broaches on the parameters of patriotism, nationality and self-determination to posit that the illustration represents the extremes of citizen dissatisfaction couched in a radical artistic narrative of a caricature. It submits that the strength of national allegiance and cohesiveness is a function of the reciprocity to its citizens.
The Role of Memory and Language in Transformation: Crucial Issues in American Indigenous Poetry
Authors: Kristianto Bayu
Published: November 2019

The integration of the personal and the political has been an engaging topic in analyses of literary texts by authors whose works are known for their political content and activism, as well as an emphasis on social justice. Literary audiences in the United States have been familiar with Joy Harjo and John Trudell, two well-known contemporary Indigenous poets, who have voiced out the concerns of Indigenous people in the face of colonization and injustice happening in their homeland. Within the fusion of the personal and the political, as well as the mythical, the idea of transformation is paramount for Indigenous authors since to move from the state of being colonized to one of being decolonized, transformation is undoubtedly crucial. This paper focuses on the role of memory and the power of language in the process of transformation in the three poems by Joy Harjo and John Trudell. The analysis uses a qualitative methodology in the form of a close reading of literary texts to uncover the interconnectedness of memory and language in transformation. I argue that Native poets experience personal transformation that is critically influenced by the role of ancestral memory and social and historical consciousness in the broader context of Indigenous people’s struggle and resistance, as well as the power of language to see reality differently and affect its change. The analysis is intended to show to what extent the concepts of memory and language are critical in the process of decolonization and the manners in which these texts can be empowering for both Indigenous and non-Indigenous audiences in response to forms of injustice through the integration of the personal, the political, and the mythical.
I am Malala: A Woman’s Struggle for Her Rights in Education
Authors: Pramesti Putri , Widayanti Maria Johana Ari
Published: November 2019

The right to experience an education is a basic right for everyone to have. Men and women should have the same opportunities to get a proper education. However, some society seem to differentiate the opportunity for men and women’s education. One of the society that differentiates this is Pakistan. The novel, I Am Malala novel, which is written by Malala Yousafzai is one of those that deals with the inequality of women in education. This article discussed about a research that used qualitative method to describe about woman’s rights in education by using Liberal Feminism. The result of the novel’s analysis showed the struggle of the main character, Malala, who received a number of wrong perceptions from her society, family and tradition about the position of women. The wrong perception became the reason why she suffered from the inequality of education between man and woman.
SUSTAINABILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY OF SOCIAL ENTERPRISE
Authors: Ab Samad Nur Hayati , Arshad Roshayani , Asat Siti Haliza , Kasim Nawal
Published: November 2019

Sustainability and accountability are pervasive issues for social entrepreneurial non-profit organisations (NPOs), which are also known as social enterprises as they seek to balance their social mission with financial responsibility. With the increased in the scope and size of the social enterprise, there is also increased need for accountability and organisational sustainability. Thus, in order to successfully fulfil these needs, social enterprises need to identify the relevant factors of sustainability that relates closely with accountability and organisational performance. This study aims to examine the extent social enterprise’s sustainability based on the factors identified using self-constructed sustainability index. The four main factors are leadership capacity, adaptive capacity, management and technical capacity and financial viability. Content analysis was used to measure the sustainability index from the information disclosed in the annual reports by 210 organisations registered under the Registry of Societies (ROS) in Malaysia for the year 2010. Findings from the study indicates that most of the social enterprises are aware that effective leadership is vital for organisational sustainability. However, management and technical aspects tend to be neglected possibly due to lack of adequate resources and facilities to adapt to current changes. Overall, this study highlights that in order to survive in the future, the social enterprise need to appropriately address relevant factors that influence financial accountability and organisational sustainability especially on management and technical aspect in order to survive in the future.
EFFECTIVE CROSS HEDGING: EVIDENCE FROM PHYSICAL CRUDE PALM OIL AND ITS INTER-RELATED AGRICULTURAL FUTURES CONTRACTS
Authors: Ahmad Noryati , Zainudin Ahmad Danial , Abdul Rahim Fahmi , S F Ho Catherine
Published: November 2019

Since its establishment, Crude Palm Oil futures contract (FCPO) has been used to directly hedge its physical crude palm oil (CPO). However, due to the excessive speculation activities on crude palm oil futures market, it has been said to be no longer an effective hedging tool to mitigate the price risk of its underlying physical market. This triggers the need for market players to find possible alternatives to ensure that the hedging role can be executed effectively. Thus this investigation attempts to examine whether other inter-related grains and oil seed futures contracts could serve as effective cross-hedging mechanisms for the CPO. Weekly data of inter-related futures contracts from Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) and Dalian Commodity Exchange (DCE) are employed to cross hedge the physical crude palm oil prices. The study starts from 2006 until 2016. Empirical results indicate that FCPO is still the best futures contract for hedging purposes while Chicago Soybean (CBOTBO) provides second best alternative if cross-hedging is considered.

Keywords: Crude palm oil, Crude palm oil futures, Cross Hedging, Optimal Hedge Ratio, Effective Hedging
SUSTAINING BUSINESSES IN A GLOBAL TURBULENT ENVIRONMENT: THE ROLE OF INFORMATION SHARING
Authors: Idris Sidah , Mohezar Suhana
Published: November 2019

This study aims to investigate the impact of technology capability and logistics integration commitment on information sharing as well as global supply chain competitiveness. Data were collected from 177 local manufacturing firms that are competing in global markets. The findings indicate that logistics integration commitment is significantly related with information sharing and global supply chain competitiveness. This study however, fails to establish a relationship between technology capability and global supply chain competitiveness. The findings also highlight information sharing as a mediator.
ACCOUNTING GRADUATES: ARE THEY STILL ACCOUNTANTS?
Authors: K Ghani Erlane , Muhammad Kamaruzzaman , Mat  Tarmezi Nur Azrin , Mohd Ali Mazurina , Abdullah Nabilah
Published: November 2019

This study examines the accounting graduates of a public university in Malaysia. Specifically, this study examines whether the accounting graduates of a public university in Malaysia are in the accounting profession or whether they are in a profession that is not related to accounting. This study also determines whether the accounting graduates’ demographic profile influence their profession. This study utilises online questionnaire on 1003 accounting graduates in the largest public university in Malaysia. The accounting graduates graduated from the period between 2007 and 2017. The results show that most of the accounting graduates are working as accountants or accounting related positions in various industries. Surprisingly, this study shows an alarming sign of accounting graduates not in the accounting profession. This study also shows that the accounting graduates’ demographic profile in terms of gender, age and work sector influence their choice of profession. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing some awareness on the factors influencing the accounting graduates’ choice of profession. The findings in this study could assist the universities to identify strategies in hindering the accounting graduates from leaving to another profession.
MANAJEMEN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI PESANTREN: PERSPEKTIF EPISTEMOLOGI
Authors: Isnaini Rahmatun Lukluk
Published: November 2019

Management of Islamic education in pesantren needs to return to its historical roots in order to confirm the identity, character, distinctiveness and uniqueness. There is a spirit that is timeless, even the underlying model of ideal education in the contemporary era. Development of Islamic epistemology for education should be able to give birth to a generation of Muslims who worships in the field of religion and experts in the field of science and technology. pesantren as an educational institution of Islam with a good management should be able to play its role to achieve this goal. Whereas in fact there who think that pesantren have not been able to put its strategic position in the development of science in accordance with the times. Nevertheless, the existence of Islamic educational institutions such as pesantren is evidence that pesantren have been organized in a good management so that it can survive in changing times from time to time. More precisely knowing Islamic education management in pesantren from the perspective of epistemology may illustrate that pesantren will continue to be needed to confront the changing times.
Animales, teorías feministas posmodernas y prácticas artísticas.
Authors: Ferrer Álvarez Mireia
Published: November 2019

Este artículo pretende mostrar cómo algunas teorías feministas posmodernas como el ecofeminismo y el posthumanismo, de autoras como Françoise d'Eaubonne, Alicia Puleo, Donna Haraway o Rosi Baridotti han contribuido a la crítica contra las prácticas androcéntricas basadas en el dominio sistémico de devastación y explotación del otro/a/os, perpetuando la jerarquía y autoridad del hombre.  Frente a ello estas autoras han propuesto un nuevo modelo de relación orgánica y de convivencia entre cultura y naturaleza, capaz de superar los modelos binarios, inspirado en el respeto a la diversidad de sexos y especies.Estos principios se hayan, así mismo, en las prácticas artísticas de algunas autoras como Bonnie Ora Sherk, Olga Diego o María Llopis. Prácticas que transitan por la performance, la instalación o el Movimiento Auténtico.
Meditaciones sobre lo humano en lo animal. “Ali, der Schimmelhengst”, el autorretrato equino de Alfred Kubin
Authors: Sola Jiménez Rocío
Published: November 2019

El Expresionismo alemán se caracterizó, entre otros muchos aspectos, por la introducción de lo espiritual y del concepto de empatía dentro de la práctica artística. Con el paso de los años, estas ideas se extendieron más allá del ámbito estético, aplicándose a la percepción de la naturaleza y del reino animal. El artista austriaco, Alfred Kubin, uno de los fundadores del grupo El Jinete Azul, continuará la estela que dejó el colectivo tras su disolución en 1914. Casi dos décadas después, Kubin retomó el ideario expresionista en una de sus obras más curiosas: “Ali, der Schimmelhengst”, una pequeña narración escrita e ilustrada por él donde, a través de la mirada del caballo blanco, cuestiona lo trascendente de la existencia, el destino y la naturaleza de la condición humana.
Prospects of green economy as a new paradigm of development
Authors: Pakina A. A. , Gorbanyov V. A.
Published: November 2019

Transition of the world development to the post-industrial phase is accompanied by the global challenges, which could be solved within the "green economy". The basic principles of a "green economy" (GE) correspond to the concepts of balanced development and of rational nature use: the "green economy's" concept focuses on the idea of living standards improvement and economic growth while reducing the environmental damage. The indicators of GE reflect the complexity of the integrated assessment of economic, environmental and social outcomes. Since the common approach to such assessment has not yet been adopted, the development of global and national economies is often compared with the dynamics of their energy or resource intensity. This approach allows to take into account the "life cycle" of products and to allocate the responsibility of countries for environmental damage. Foreign experience can be used to implement the ideas of GE in Russia and CIS countries. Most experts are sceptical about these prospects due to its dependence on fossil fuels. Nevertheless, the experience of some regions of Russia and Kazakhstan shows the viability of strategies based on the renewable energy sources. Elaboration of financing mechanisms for "green" development is equally important. Such mechanisms must be adapted to meet the environmental needs of society, with attention to the losses from natural disasters and environmental damage. Today, national environmental management strategies are based on the transition to a resource-efficient low-carbon economy, and contribute a lot to the search for opportunities for the practical implementation of this concept.
The problem of “harm” in the theory of international relations
Authors: Gadzhiev M. A.
Published: November 2019

The article provides an analytical review of the literature on the issue of harm in the theory of international relations, as a result of which this issue has been supplemented and expanded. The issue has initially been posed by Andrew Linklater as a question of physical harm to humans in the context of a state-centered international system. Audra Mitchell entered into a discussion with A. Linklater from the standpoint of post-humanism. From her point of view, harm should be evaluated not only and not so much from the human point of view, but from the perspective the whole world, the totality of animate and inanimate nature, including humanity. Alex Hoseason called into question the nature of causal relations in the theories of A. Linklater and A. Mitchell. From his point of view, in complex social systems, such as international system, non-linear causal relationships and multiple causality prevail. In addition, based on the philosophy of critical realism, Alex Hoseason suggested that not only actors in international relations, but also social structures can cause harm. This narrative is further developed by problematique of biopolitics. Political governance of biological aspects of the life of the population is directly related to the problem of physical harm in the sense that biopolitics, on the one hand, is aimed at maintaining the physical health of the population, on the other hand, politics is still at the core of biopolitics, so sometimes it can turn against all or part of its population as happened in Nazi Germany. Today, biopolitics at the global level is implemented in the UN development programs, in various international and transnational initiatives to promote international development, as well as in global health governance. Expanding the problematique of harm to biopolitics brings us back to the original anthropocentric model of harm proposed by A. Linklater, nevertheless, this step allows us to analyze not only the causes of harm, but also approaches to reducing it.
Trajectory of Steady Growth or Next Disbalance of Mechanisms of the World Economy
Authors: Smirnov E. N. , Kirillov V. N.
Published: November 2019

Main objective of the article – assessment of problems and opportunities of speeding up of world economic growth in the context of the crisis phenomena and turbulence in economy. Complication and reformatting of the economic relations between the countries represents serious challenges for modern economic dynamics. Methodological approach of the authors is based on assessment of the defining influence of new factors on delay of economic activity and economic development. The thesis about the defining impact of international trade on economic growth is called into question. It was analyzed the value and a role of the international companies as growth catalysts in the conditions of new technological revolution. It is established that risks of development of the world economy continue to increase, and the main of them – in decline in labor productivity in the developed countries, uncertainty concerning interest rates and economic policy of the states, the universal growth of sovereign and corporate debt of the states. It is shown that China has the increasing problems with the growth; however the flexibility of its economic policy allows to connect additional mechanisms of speeding up of social and economic development. In the European Union economic growth depends on the solution of problems of consolidation of the budgetary process, decrease in a debt, and in general – on reforming of the existing model of social and economic development. Prospects of economic dynamics will depend in many respects on stability of trade relations between the countries, and on the effective international cooperation directed to overcoming imbalances of the modern world economy. Opportunities and problems of an exit of developing countries to a trajectory of sustained economic growth in the conditions of digitalization and digital transformations in the world economy are estimated. Aggravation of a problem of inequality in the conditions of digitalization of the world economy is possible to overcome, however a number of measures in the sphere of industrial, innovative and regulatory policy is necessary. Also at the international level serious reforms in the sphere of financial regulation and taxation are necessary. The conclusions received as a result of the research have important practical importance as overcoming the problems stated above and also trade political differences between the countries will make economic growth steady and inclusive.
РАЗМЫШЛЕНИЯ НАД СТАТЬЕЙ В.В. МЕНШУТКИНА И В.Ф. ЛЕВЧЕНКО «КОГНИТИВНАЯ МОДЕЛЬ КОЭВОЛЮЦИИ БИОСФЕРЫ И ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО ОБЩЕСТВА»
Authors: Сергеев Ю.Н. , Кулеш В.П.
Published: November 2019

Без аннотации
Analisis Politik Milenial : Persepsi Siswa SMA Terhadap Dinamika Politik Pada PEMILU 2019 di Indonesia
Authors: Rohim Mulkanur , Wardana Amika
Published: November 2019

Generasi milenial pada analisis politik, memiliki empat sumber dalam membentuk persepsi politiknya yaitu media sosial, keluarga, teman dan sekolah. Milenial direpresentasikan pada siswa SMA dengan sampel Siswa SMA di Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan grounded theory. Hasilnya pembahasan isu politik dilakukan dengan diskusi, perdebatan dan akses informasi. Dari isu politik tersebut membentuk persepsi pada individu yang melalui tahapan seleksi, interpretasi dan berakhir pada Pembulatan. Namun persepsi yang terbentuk bukan terpaku pada isu politik yang dibahas tetapi lebih pada sosialisasi yang sudah diterima individu sebelumnya. Oleh karena itu media sosial sebagai sumber informasi utama sekarang ini hanyalah sebagai penegas pada persepsi yang sudah terbentuk atau sebagai pembahasan kontradiksi pada persepsi yang sudah terbentuk.
Politik Patronase dan Klientelisme Purnawirawan Tni Pada Pemilu Legislatif
Authors: Anggoro Teguh
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh maraknya purnawiran TNI yang menjadi Caleg di DPRD KotaBanjar, Jawa Barat. Pola patronase dan klientelisme masih menjadi idola para purnawirawan untukmendulang suara. Mereka masih terjebak pada pola patronase dan klientelisme yang banyakdimainkan oleh politisi sipil lainnya. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat sejauhmana pola patronase dan klintalisme yang dijalankan oleh purnawirawan TNI dalammemenangkan pemilu legislatif di Kota Banjar Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kota BanjarProvinsi Jawa Barat, dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian ini akan menggalilebih jauh terhadap fenomena patronase dan klientelisme yang dilakukan purnawirawan. Hasilpenelitian menunjukan, dijalankannnya pola patronase dan klientelisme oleh para purnawirawan.Pola patronase sebatas pada pemberian pribadi (individual gift) dan politik ‘gentong babi’ (porkbarrel). Selain pola patronase, pola klintelisme juga masih menjadi idola mereka untuk memobilisasimasssa pada setiap sosialisasi/kampanye.
Pengaruh Media Tanam Terhadap Respon Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Genotipe Moringa Oleifera (L)
Authors: Ekawati Ida , Wati Henny Diana
Published: November 2019

Media tanam  pada tanaman kelor (Moringa Oleifera) berperan penting terhadap keberlangsungan pertumbuhan tanaman dan akar. Tanaman kelor tumbuh baik di perkarangan tanpa adanya penambahan unsur hara terhadap media tanam. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh media tanam terhadap respon pertumbuhan dan produksi daun kelor. Hasil macam perlakuan media tanam yang berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap beberapa parameter yang diamati yaitu jumlah tunas dan panjang akar. Sementara yang menunjukkan pengaruh nyata dan sangat nyata adalah parameter tinggi tunas dari bibit asal stek batang pada tanaman kelor.
Analisis Efisiensi Usahatani Jahe di Desa Lenteng Barat
Authors: Waris Abd
Published: November 2019

Tanaman jahe merupakan salah satu tanaman rempah-rempah yang diperdagangkan di dunia jahe diekspor dalam bentuk jahe segar, jahe kering, dan minyak atsiri. Tanaman jahe sangat layak untuk dikembangkan atau dibudidayakan di Kabupaten Sumenep untuk memberi peningkatan pendapatan bagi petani. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) Untuk mengetahui rata-rata keuntungan petani dalam berusahatani jahe di Desa Lenteng Barat Kecamatan Lenteng Kabupaten Sumenep. (2) Untuk mengetahui efisiensi petani dalamberusahatani jahe di Desa Lenteng Barat Kecamatan Lenteng Kabupaten Sumenep. Penentuan daerah penelitian dilakukan secara sengaja (Purposive Sampling) (Nazir, 1989). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Lenteng Barat Kecamatan Lenteng Kabupaten Sumenep. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode Purposive Sampling sebanyak 30 0rang. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis biaya, pendapatan, penerimaan, dan R/C Ratio. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Usahatani jahe di Desa Lenteng Barat menguntungkan sebesar Rp.20.130.455 persatu kali produksi, usahatani jahe di Desa Lenteng Barat efisien dengan nilai R/C Ratio 3,0.
The «Black Swans» of new liberalism
Authors: Denil′khanov A. Kh.
Published: November 2019

The term «Black Swan», which is metaphorically used by the modern American scientist Nassim Nicholas Taleb in his theoretical research, means inexplicable randomness of events, their predictability and unpredictability for the expert, but the consequences of which are of great importance. In other words, these are important accidents that, according to N. Taleb, affect the result of the experiment and the course of history. In the Russian state there were many global events, each of which could be described as a «Black Swan». The article analyzes only two of them, which have occurred in modern history and have led to disastrous consequences for both Russia and the world, through the prism of the methodology of historical development and political discourse. The political and ideological platform of these events were the ideas of liberalism, the embodiment of which caused unforeseen, stochastic consequences, which became the object of this study. The author substantiates the conclusion that the intellectual part of the Russian society in the development of new concepts of political and state structure was guided by speculative theories and implemented mental schemes in the absence of real objective and subjective prerequisites, turning these processes into socio-political experiments. In the field of practical policy, according to the author, special attention should be paid to the factor of personal responsibility of actors in the development of political strategy and tactical decision-making.
Pengaruh Variasi Waktu Inkubasi Terhadap Kadar Hemoglobin Metode Drabkin’s Dengan Mikro Lab 300
Authors: YUSNIATI YUSNIATI
Published: November 2019

Pemeriksaan hemoglobin dalam darah mempunyai peranan yang penting dalam diagnosa suatu penyakit. Hemoglobin juga berperan penting dalam mempertahankan bentuk sel darah merah yang bikonkaf, dimana jika terjadi ganguan pada bentuk sel darah merah  maka keluwesannya dalam melewati kapiler jadi berkurang. Manfaat  lainnya  adalah untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya gangguan kesehatan pada pasien, misalnya kekurangan hemoglobin, perkembangan penyakit yang yang berhubungan dengan anemia dan polisitemia. Di laboratorium sering kita jumpai   mengabaikan masa inkubasi dalam pemeriksaan Hb. Masa inkubasi yang  seharusnya 10 menit menjadi berkurang dan terkadang  sampel pemeriksaan Hb  dibaca setelah melewati masa inkubasi karena banyak jumlahnya sampel yang akan diperiksa atau  masalah teknis lainnya, sehingga dikhawatirkan mengeluarkan hasil pemeriksaan yang tidak akurat.  Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental. Sampel berupa  darah manusia berjumlah  20 sampel. Pemeriksaan Kadar Hb  menggunakan 5 variasi waktu 10, 20, 30, 40 dan 50 menit. Pemeriksaan Kadar Hb dengan metode Drabkin`s menggunakan alat spektrofotometer digital (Mikro lab 300). Data dianalisis dengan   uji  Normalitas dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Anova. Berdasarkan hasil  penelitian didapatkan rerata kadar hemoglobin darah (gr/dl) dengan waktu inkubasi  10 menit adalah 14,23 ±2,17, waktu inkubasi 20 menit  adalah 14,20 ±2,16, waktu inkubasi 30 menit adalah 14,19 ±2,15, waktu inkubasi 40 menit adalah 14,20 ±2,15 dan waktu inkubasi 50 menit adalah 14,22 ±2,15.   Hasil Uji Anova didapatkan nilai p = 1, secara statistik tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan kadar Hb dengan variasi waktu inkubasi. Metode Drabkin`s sangat baik digunakan untuk pemeriksaan Hb karena cukup stabil sampai waktu inkubasi 50 menit.
Introduction of software tools for epidemiological surveillance in infection control in Colombia
Authors: Hernandez-Gomez Cristhian , Vallejo Marta , Motoa Gabriel , Blanco Victor M , Correa Adriana , De la Cadena Elsa , Villegas Maria Virginia
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI) are a challenge for patient safety in the hospitals. Infection control committees (ICC) should follow CDC definitions when monitoring HAI. The handmade method of epidemiological surveillance (ES) may affect the sensitivity and specificity of the monitoring system, while electronic surveillance can improve the performance, quality and traceability of recorded information.
Objective: To assess the implementation of a strategy for electronic surveillance of HAI, Bacterial Resistance and Antimicrobial Consumption by the ICC of 23 high-complexity clinics and hospitals in Colombia, during the period 2012-2013.

Methods: An observational study evaluating the introduction of electronic tools in the ICC was performed; we evaluated the structure and operation of the ICC, the degree of incorporation of the software HAI Solutions and the adherence to record the required information.
Results: Thirty-eight percent of hospitals (8/23) had active surveillance strategies with standard criteria of the CDC, and 87% of institutions adhered to the module of identification of cases using the HAI Solutions software. In contrast, compliance with the diligence of the risk factors for device-associated HAIs was 33%.
Conclusions: The introduction of ES could achieve greater adherence to a model of active surveillance, standardized and prospective, helping to improve the validity and quality of the recorded information.
Porphyromonas gingivalis Fim-A genotype distribution among Colombians
Authors: Moreno Sandra Milena , Jaramillo Adriana , Parra Beatriz , Botero Javier Enrique , Contreras Adolfo
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Porphyromonas gingivalis is associated withperiodontitis and exhibit a wide array of virulence factors, including fimbriae which is encoded by the FimA gene representing six known genotypes.Objetive: To identify FimA genotypes of P. gingivalis in subjects from Cali-Colombia, including the co-infection with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia.Methods: Subgingival samples were collected from 151 people exhibiting diverse periodontal condition. The occurrence of P. gingivalis, FimA genotypes and other bacteria was determined by PCR.Results: Porphyromonas gingivalis was positive in 85 patients. Genotype FimA II was more prevalent without reach significant differences among study groups (54.3%), FimA IV was also prevalent in gingivitis (13.0%). A high correlation (p= 0.000) was found among P. gingivalis, T. denticola, and T. forsythia co-infection. The FimA IIgenotype correlated with concomitant detection of T. denticola and T. forsythia.Conclusions: Porphyromonas gingivalis was high even in the healthy group at the study population. A trend toward a greater frequency of FimA II genotype in patients with moderate and severe periodontitis was determined. The FimA II genotype was also associated with increased pocket depth, greater loss of attachment level, and patients co-infected with T. denticola and T. forsythia.
Modelo de correlación farmacocinético In vitro-in vivo para el aseguramiento de la calidad de medicamentos antirretrovirales
Authors: Rojas Gómez Ricardo , Restrepo Valencia Piedad
Published: November 2019

Introducción: Los modelos de correlación In vitro-in vivo (IVIVC) son parte integral del proceso de investigación y desarrollo de fármacos. La capacidad de predecir con exactitud el perfil in vivo a partir de las observaciones in vitro tiene diversas aplicaciones durante el desarrollo exitoso de una formulación.Objetivo: Desarrollar un modelo integral para predecir la absorción in vivo de fármacos antirretrovirales con base en estudios de permeabilidad, solubilidad in vitro e in vivo y demostrar su correlación con la farmacocinética en humanos.Métodos: Se desarrollaron y validaron las técnicas bioanalíticas para valorar las propiedades biofarmacéuticas de Estavudina, Lamivudina y Zidovudina. Se evaluó las cineticas de disolución, la permeabilidad en monocapas celulares Caco-2 y la farmacocinética de absorción in vivo en conejos y voluntarios sanos.Resultados: Los valores de AUC acumulados en el sistema de células Caco-2, en la disolución y en el modelo animal, fueron correlacionados con los valores de AUC acumulados en el humano. Con lo anterior se demostró una relación directamente proporcional entre los resultados in vitro con respecto a los obtenidos en la fase de absorción tanto en el humano como en el modelo animal.Conclusiones: Los métodos analíticos y procedimientos aplicados en la IVIVC demostraron las correspondencias directas entre sí, con altos niveles de correlación. Se proponen estos modelos IVIVC como métodos alternativos costo/efectivos para la valoración de las propiedades biofarmacéuticas que determinan la biodisponibilidad, en el desarrollo de productos, en el aseguramiento de la calidad y como pruebas de bioequivalencia en los programas de farmacovigilancia.
La prevención de la preeclampsia: un estudio de casos y controles anidado en una cohorte
Authors: Alzate Alberto , Herrera Rodolfo , Pineda Lucia Maracelly
Published: November 2019

Introducción:La preeclampsia es la principal causa de mortalidad materna y bajo peso al nacer en países en vías de desarrollo. Empezar la suplementación de calcio en la semana 14 de gestación es indicada para prevenir la enfermedad. Recientes avances en prevención de preeclampsia han sugerido la suplementación de calcio y la combinación de calcio con ácido linoleico conjugado.Objetivo:Estimar el efecto protector de la suplementación de calcio (CC), comparado con la suplementación de calcio más ácido linoleico conjugado (CC+ALC) en mujeres embarazadas primigravidas con relación al desarrollo de preeclampsia.Metodos:Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles anidado en una cohorte retrospectiva de mujeres embarazadas primigravidas que asistieron al programa de control prenatal entre el año 2010 hasta el años 2014. La historia clínica de 387 casos de preeclampsia fueron comparadas con 1,054 controles en pacientes embarazadas primigestantes, normotensas. Las gestantes expuestas fueron consideradas como aquellas gestantes que recibieron solo calcio, en el primer periodo de evaluación, o calcio más ácido linoleico conjugado, segundo periodo de evaluación, desde las semanas 12 a la 16 del embarazo. Los posibles factores de confusión se controlaron admitiendo solo las primigestantes y estratificando, por edad, educación y grupo étnico de la paciente.Resultados:La edad promedio de las pacientes fue de 26.4 años (rango 13-45), 85% con etnia mestiza y educación secundaria completa. La exposición a CC+ALC tuvo un efecto protector en las adolescentes (13 a 18 años) (OR= 0.00, IC 95%= 0.00-0.44; p= 0.005), mientras que la exposición a CC no modificó la incidencia de preeclampsia (OR= 0.96, IC 95% %= 0.73-1.27; p= 0.82).Conclusión:1. La suplementación de solo calcio durante el embarazo no tuvo efecto preventivo para la preeclampsia, 2. La suplementación con calcio y ácido linoleico conjugado previno la aparición de preeclampsia en adolescentes.
La prevención primaria de la preeclampsia: ¿mito o realidad?
Authors: Herrera Julian Alberto
Published: November 2019

La preeclampsia es una enfermedad descrita hace más de un siglo, propia de la especie humana, de causa desconocida, que comparte con la aterosclerosis, los factores de riesgo, las alteraciones bioquímicas, el origen multifactorial y la disfunción endotelial; la reducción de la letalidad por aterosclerosis se logra con prevención secundaria; en preeclampsia el diagnóstico temprano y su resolución obstétrica oportuna (prevención secundaria) evita que la gestante llegue a la etapa final, en su historia natural, con superposición aguda de placas ateroscleróticas en las arterias espiraladas, induciendo una falla multisistémica y un riesgo de muerte materna1. Este esquema asistencial hospitalario implementado en Colombia, logró una reducción en la mortalidad materna en un 9%, y complementado con un esquema preventivo prenatal ambulatorio (Modelo Biopsicosocial) diseñado para evitar el progreso de la disfunción endotelial logró incrementar esta reducción hasta un 25%................
Las visitas de equipos de cuidados paleativos. Estudio cualitativo mediante observación participante
Authors: Alfaya Góngora María del Mar , Bueno Pernias María José , Montoro César Hueso , Mancilla Plácido Guardia , Montoya Juárez Rafael , García Caro María Paz
Published: November 2019

Objetivos: Conocer cómo se produce el encuentro clínico en la atención a los enfermos por parte de un equipo de Cuidados Paliativos, y qué elementos lo condicionan, indicando si son favorables o desfavorables en función de las expectativas  y los sentimientos de los distintos participantes. Método: Estudio de casos cualitativo, realizado mediante observación participante. Se realizaron 12 observaciones de los encuentros de los equipos de cuidados paliativos con los pacientes y familiares en diferentes entornos (domicilio, hospital y consulta). El tipo de visitas fueron de seguimiento o primera visita, programadas o a demanda. Se realizó un análisis de contenido de las observaciones. Resultados: El análisis mostró una actividad normal de seguimiento de una unidad de cuidados paliativos centrada en el control de síntomas, la comunicación de información y el asesoramiento sobre pautas terapéuticas y cuidados. Se observó que los escenarios condicionan la expresión de los pacientes y el modo de relación. Como condiciones favorables del encuentro clínico destacan la afabilidad y la gratitud. Las condiciones desfavorables fueron el deterioro por la cercanía de la muerte, los objetivos poco realistas de los familiares y la escasez de recursos. Conclusión: Las visitas domiciliarias de equipos básicos en Cuidados Paliativos tienen un importante papel, y parecen estar centradas en el control de síntomas y condicionadas por los recursos disponibles.
Abordagem farmacológica em lesão central de células gigantes: Relato de caso
Authors: Loureiro Ariana Maria Luccas Costa , Da Silva Cibele Leite , Nunes Lavínia Souza de Oliveira , Theotonio Pedro Emanuel Sales , Santana Suellen Fernandes , Franco Áurea Valéria de Melo , Nogueira Pedro Thalles Bernardo de Carvalho
Published: November 2019

Objetivo: Relatar o processo diagnóstico da Lesão Central de Células Gigantes e as opções de terapias farmacológicas disponíveis como alternativa para o tratamento cirúrgico enquanto conduta de primeira escolha. Estudo de Caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, 24 anos, apresentava aumento de volume assintomático em região de corpo mandibular direito. A conduta inicial foi a realização da biópsia incisional e após a análise histológica foi necessário solicitar exames laboratoriais para distúrbios paratireoides a f im de descartar a possibilidade do Tumor Marrom. Os resultados se apresentaram dentro dos padrões de normalidade e uma vez elucidado o diagnóstico de Lesão Central de Células Gigantes foi iniciado o tratamento com injeções intralesionais de triancinolona. Com 09 meses do início do tratamento, a paciente encontra-se com remissão significativa da lesão e ao exame tomográfico observa-se neoformação óssea satisfatória. Considerações Finais: A Lesão Central de Células Gigantes demanda de um extenso processo diagnóstico e dispõe de tratamentos cirúrgicos e/ou farmacológicos, cabe ao profissional responsável pelo caso ponderar a melhor abordagem para cada paciente.
Information Service of Web Resource “Books in Russian Published Abroad, 1927—1991”
Authors: Sukhotina Milena L.
Published: November 2019

The article considers the main prerequisites for the creation of the online bibliographic resource based on the unique collection of foreign publications in Russian collected by the experts of the Russian State Library (RSL).

Specialists of the Research Scientific Department of Bibliography have been working since 2001 to create the local database (DB) of books published abroad in Russian. In 2017, on the basis of DB, there was developed the new web resource, from 2018 placed on the website of Rosinformkultura of RSL in open access.

The purpose of the research work is to study the distribution of new web resource service and the completeness of information-library services to users. The article for the first time covers the technological capabilities of the resource and its service component. The author analyses the statistical data of access and use of the resource and reveals the key regions on access among the eight regions of the Russian Federation. The article presents classification of queries among the main search fields most actively used when working with the DB. The author considers the specific features of information search in various data areas, including — personalia, title, keywords, geographical names, publishers, and presents distribution of materials in DB by 16 thematic areas, the largest of which are publications of fiction works. There are given the examples of search queries. Data collection is carried out in automated way using the log files of resource accesses.

The article emphasizes that for the first time the users are provided with online access to previously inaccessible information about sources devoted to the Russian emigration, life and creative heritage of scientific intelligentsia reflected in printed publications. The author concludes that information service of web resource has several advantages compared to traditional library-information services: the ability to remotely access the resource, no time limit work with it, not necessarily a personal visit to the library, cover of a wider range of users, raise of social status and image of the library. The results of study confirm the demand for new web resource of RSL among users.
Demystifying and Unravelling the Factual Molecular Structure of the Biopolymer Sporopollenin
Authors: Mikhael Abanoub , Jurcic Kristina , Schneider Celine , carr David , Fisher Gregory L. , Fridgen Travis D. , Diego-Taboada Alberto , Mackenzie Grahame , BANOUB JOSEPH
Published: November 2019

Sporopollenin is a natural, highly cross-linked biopolymer composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which forms the outer wall of pollen grains. Sporopollenin is resilient to chemical degradation. Because of this stability, its exact chemical structure and the biochemical pathways involved in its biosynthesis remains a mystery and unresolved. We have identified and characterized the molecular structure of the clean, intact sporopollenin using soft ionization mass spectrometric and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. These analyses showed that sporopollenin contained a poly(hydroxyacid) dendrimer-like network, which accounted for the sporopollenin empirical formula. In addition, the identified hydroxy acid monomers contained a beta diketone moiety, which most probably accounts for the known antioxidant activity of sporopollenin. Moreover, our elucidation studies allowed us to identify a unique circular polyhydroxylated tetraketide polymer. This polymer acted as the rigid backbone on which the poly(hydroxyacid) network can be built, forming the scaffold of the spherical sporopollenin exine.
Synthesis of Ordered Microporous/Macroporous MOF-808 through Modulator-Induced Defect Formation, and Surfactant Self-Assembly Strategies
Authors: Ardila-Suárez Carolina , Molina V. Daniel R. , Alem Halima , Baldovino Medrano Víctor Gabriel , Ramírez-Caballero Gustavo E
Published: November 2019

Ordered materials with interconnected porosity allow the diffusion of molecules within their inner porous structure to access the active sites located in the microporous core. As a follow-up of our work on engineering of MOF-808, in this contribution, we study the synthesis of defective MOF-808 using two different strategies: the use of modulators and the surfactant-assisted synthesis to obtain materials with ordered and interconnected pores. The results of the study indicated that (i) modulators agents led to formation of microporous/mesoporous MOFs through the formation of missing linker defects and (ii) the self-assembly of CTAB surfactant produced ordered microporous/macroporous network which enhanced crystallinity. However, the surface properties of the materials seem to be unaffected by the use of surfactants during synthesis. These results contribute to the development of ordered materials with a broad range of pore size distributions and give rise to new opportunities to extend the applications of MOF-808.
Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Indazoles with a C3-Quaternary Chiral Center Using CuH Catalysis
Authors: Ye Yuxuan , Kevlishvili Ilia , Feng Sheng , Liu Peng , Buchwald Stephen L.
Published: November 2019

C3-substituted 1H-indazoles are useful and important substructures in many pharmaceuticals. Methods for direct C3- functionalization of indazoles are relatively rare, compared to reactions developed for the more nucleophilic N1 and N2 positions. Herein, we report a highly C3-selective allylation reaction of 1H-N-(benzoyloxy)indazoles using CuH catalysis. A variety of C3-allyl 1H-indazoles with quaternary stereocenters were efficiently prepared with high levels of enantioselectivity. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the indazole addition to copper allyl complex proceeds through an enantioselectivity-determining six- membered Zimmerman-Traxler-type transition state. The enantioselectivity is governed both by the ligand-substrate steric interac- tions and the steric repulsions with the pseudoaxial substituent in the six-membered allylation transition state.
Machine Learning Reactivity in the Chemical Space Surrounding Vaska's Complex
Authors: Friederich Pascal , dos Passos Gomes Gabriel , De Bin Riccardo , Aspuru-Guzik Alan , Balcells David
Published: November 2019

Machine learning models, including neural networks, Bayesian optimization, gradient boosting and Gaussian processes, were trained with DFT data for the accurate, affordable and explainable prediction of hydrogen activation barriers in the chemical space surrounding Vaska's complex.
The Influence of Ozone: Superstoichiometric Oxygen in Atomic Layer Deposition of Fe2O3 Using tert-Butylferrocene and O3
Authors: Schneider Joel , Baker Jon , Bent Stacey
Published: November 2019

This work demonstrates a mechanistic study of iron oxide deposited by ALD, revealing a growth mechanism involving uptake of superstoichiometric oxygen. Material characterization shows ozone exposure can be used to convert the crystallographic phase and domain orientation of the materials. This mechanism has implications for wider classes of ozone-based ALD processes and can generalize to other systems.
Assessing the Calculation of Exchange Coupling Constants and Spin Crossover Gaps Using the Approximate Projection Model to Improve Density Functional Calculations
Authors: Sheng Xianghai , Thompson Lee , Hratchian Hrant
Published: November 2019

This work evaluates the quality of exchange coupling constant and spin crossover gap calculations using density functional theory corrected by the Approximate Projection model. Results show that improvements using the Approximate Projection model range from modest to significant. This study demonstrates that, at least for the class of systems examined here, spin-projection generally improves the quality of density functional theory calculations of $J$-coupling constants and spin crossover gaps. Furthermore, it is shown that spin-projection can be important for both geometry optimization and energy evaluations. The Approximate Projection model provides an affordable and practical approach for effectively correcting spin-contamination errors in such calculations.