bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calibration and sensitivity analysis of a novel water flow and pollution model for future city planning: Future Urban Stormwater Simulation (FUSS)
Authors: Prodanovic V. , Jamali B. , Kuller M. , Wang Y. , Bach P. M. , Coleman R. A. , Metzeling L. , McCarthy D. T. , Shi B. , Deletic A.
Published: February 2022

Planning for future urban development and water infrastructure is uncertain due to changing human activities and climate. To quantify these changes, we need adaptable and fast models that can reliably explore scenarios without requiring extensive data and inputs. While such models have been recently considered for urban development, they are lacking for stormwater pollution assessment. This work proposes a novel Future Urban Stormwater Simulation (FUSS) model, utilizing a previously developed urban planning algorithm (UrbanBEATS) to dynamically assess pollution changes in urban catchments. By using minimal input data and adding stochastic point-source pollution to the build-up/wash-off approach, this study highlights calibration and sensitivity analysis of flow and pollution modules, across the range of common stormwater pollutants. The results highlight excellent fit to measured values in a continuous rainfall simulation for the flow model, with one significant calibration parameter. The pollution model was more variable, with TSS, TP and Pb showing high model efficiency, while TN was predicted well only across event-based assessment. The work further explores the framework for the model application in future pollution assessment, and points to the future work aiming to developing land-use dependent model parameter sets, to achieve flexibility for model application across varied urban catchments.
An influent generator for WRRF design and operation based on a recurrent neural network with multi-objective optimization using a genetic algorithm
Authors: Li Feiyi , Vanrolleghem Peter A.
Published: February 2022

Nowadays, modelling, automation and control are widely used for Water Resource Recovery Facilities (WRRF) upgrading and optimization. Influent generator (IG) models are used to provide relevant input time series for dynamic WRRF simulations used in these applications. Current IG models found in literature are calibrated on the basis of a single performance criterion, such as the mean percentage error or the root mean square error. This results in the IG being adequate on average but with a lack of representativeness of, for instance, the observed temporal variability of the dataset. However, adequately capturing influent variability may be important for certain types of WRRF optimization, e.g., reaction to peak loads, control system performance evaluation, etc. Therefore, in this study, a data-driven IG model is developed based on the long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network and is optimized by a multi-objective genetic algorithm for both mean percentage error and variability. Hence, the influent generator model is able to generate a time series with a probability distribution that better represents reality, thus giving a better influent description for WRRF design and operation. To further increase the variability of the generated time series and in this way approximate the true variability better, the model is extended with a random walk process.
Exosomes and their Cargo as a New Avenue for Brain and Treatment of CNS-Related Diseases
Authors: Benameur Tarek , Panaro Maria Antonietta , Porro Chiara
Published: February 2022

Extracellular Vesicles (EVs), which belong to nanoscale vesicles, including microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes, are now considered a new important tool for intercellular neuronal communication in the Central Nervous System (CNS) under physiological and pathological conditions. EVs are shed into blood, peripheral body fluids and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by a large variety of cells.

EVs can act locally on neighboring and distant cells. EVs represent the fingerprints of the originating cells and can carry a variety of molecular constituents of their cell of origin, including protein, lipids, DNA and microRNAs (miRNAs).

The most studied EVs are the exosomes because they are ubiquitous and have the capacity to transfer cell-derived components and bioactive molecules to target cells. In this minireview, we focused on cell-cell communication in CNS mediated by exosomes and their important cargo as an innovative way to treat or follow up with CNS diseases.
Formulation and Antibacterial Potential of Sarang Semut (Myrmecodia pendans) against Oral Pathogenic Bacteria: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Primasari Ameta , Apriyanti Eti , Ambardhani Nurul , Satari Mieke Hemiawati , Herdiyati Yetty , Kurnia Dikdik
Published: February 2022

Background:

Dental diseases are generally caused by oral bacteria such asEnterococcus faecalis,Streptococcus mutans, andStreptococcus sanguinis. These bacteria have resistance to synthetic drugs; thus, it is required to discover new antibacterial agents. Sarang Semut (Myrmecodia pendans) has been empirically used as a medicinal plant to treat various conditions, including those caused by pathogenic bacteria.

Objective:

The present study was aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of Sarang Semut extracts againstE. faecalis,S. mutans, andS. sanguinis.

Materials and Methods:

Sarang Semut was extracted with several solvents to yieldn-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts. Each extract and combination were adjusted for assay with chlorhexidine, fosfomycin, and quercetin and used as positive controls.

Results:

Then-hexane extract showed activity with inhibition zone values of 7.15 and 10.45 ppm againstE. faecalisandS. mutansat 1%, respectively. All combination extracts could inhibit the growth ofE. faecalisandS. sanguinis. The synergistic effects resulting from the combination of extract-fosfomycin were also presented in this evaluation, with the strongest shown by water-fosfomycin againstS. mutans, with inhibition zones of 28.5 mm at 1%.

Conclusion:

Sarang Semut extracts demonstrated antibacterial activity against oral pathogenic bacteria. These results offer alternative natural sources for the new antibacterial drug candidate.
Pulse Oximetry and Three-Dimensional Analysis in Evaluating Immature Permanent Teeth Apexogenesis: Two Case Reports
Authors: Vu Tien Thuy , Nguyen Minh Truong , Sangvanich Polkit , Thunyakitpisal Pasutha
Published: February 2022

Background:

Apexogenesis is a vital pulp therapy that aims to preserve pulp vitality and maintain root formation in not-fully-formed permanent teeth with exposed pulp from trauma or caries. To achieve success, reliable diagnostic tools are required to assess the pulp health and tooth development stage, design an appropriate treatment plan and evaluation, and follow-up. Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive method for monitoring pulp oxygen saturation, which corresponds to pulp vitality.

Case Presentation:

This case report describes the successful apexogenesis of two pulp exposure-immature permanent teeth treated with acemannan, an implantable natural biomaterial extracted from aloe vera. Based on pulp oxygen saturation level, clinical evaluation, and radiographic examination, the teeth were asymptomatic with preserved pulp vitality and continued root development.

Conclusion:

Therefore, as an auxiliary tool, pulse oximetry could be useful for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-ups of apexogenesis therapy.
Anatomical Evaluation of Mandibular Premolars in Saudi Population: An In Vivo Cone-beam Computed Tomography Study
Authors: Mashyakhy Mohammed , Jabali Ahmad , AbuMelha Abdulaziz , Almasrahi Mahmoud Yahia , Alshahrani Mubarak Ali , Alamir Abdulwahab , Alkahtany Mazen , Bhandi Shilpa
Published: February 2022

Background:

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) offers a three-dimensional (3D) image of the anatomical structures in the maxillofacial region. CBCT can provide images with sufficient spatial resolution and low radiation dose in endodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the root canal morphology of mandibular premolars in a Saudi sub-population by showing the importance of cone-beam computed tomography radiographic analysis in detecting varieties of the root canal system.

Methods:

A total of 776 mandibular first and second premolars were analyzed. Teeth that have completed root development and apical closure were included. To accurately evaluate the external and internal morphologies of the teeth, three sections (i.e., the serial axial, coronal, and sagittal sections) were acquired for each tooth. Data are presented in terms of frequencies and percentages. The chi-squared test was used to determine the differences between two sides (right and left). A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

Among the 397 mandibular first premolars, 99.5% had one root, 69.5% had one canal, and 29.5% had two canals. In terms of root canal configuration, 69.5%, 6.3%, 22.2%, and 0.3% of the teeth had Vertucci type I, type III, type V, and type VII canal configurations, respectively. Similarly, among the mandibular second premolars, 100% had one root, 96.8% had one canal, and 2.1% of teeth had two canals. Most of the samples (96.8%) had Vertucci type I canal configuration, and 1.6% and 0.8% of the teeth had Vertucci type III and type V canal configurations, respectively. In both groups of teeth, no statistically significant differences were observed between the right and left sides (P> 0.05).

Conclusion:

Mandibular premolars could have challenged internal morphology, and CBCT small field of view is advised in case periapical x-ray is inconclusive.
CRYSTALLINE AND DIGESTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF HEAT MOISTURE TREATED AND ANNEALED LESSER YAM (Dioscorea esculenta) STARCH
Authors:   Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Purwokerto, Ayuningtyas Lakmi Putri , Benita Ashri Mukti ,   Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Purwokerto, Triastuti Desy ,   Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Purwokerto
Published: February 2022

Hydrothermal modification is a physically safe modification applied in a food product to enhance its functional properties and to extend the starch application in the food industry. Heat Moisture Treatment (HMT) and Annealing (ANN) affect the starch’s functional properties in its crystalline and digestive characteristics. Native starch is modified by HMT with 25% moisture content and 4 hours heating time, by ANN with starch and water ratio of 1:3 (w/w), and 10 hours at 50°C. Modified lesser yam starch by HMT and ANN have different crystalline and digestive characteristics from its native, although the modification do not change its granule morphology. The diffraction pattern of HMT starch is changed from A-type to A+B-type, but not on the ANN starch. Starch content and digestive value decreased, while amylose and resistant starch content increased compared to native starch. Hydrothermally modified starch could be considered as a raw material in thermally stable functional foods.
Coarse reduced model selection for nonlinear state estimation
Authors: Nichols James
Published: February 2022

State estimation is the task of approximately reconstructing a solu- tion u of a parametric partial differential equation when the parameter vector y is unknown and the only information is m linear measurements of u. Cohen et al. [arXiv:2009.02687, Nov. 2020] proposed a method to use a family of linear reduced spaces as a generalised nonlinear reduced model for state estimation. A computable surrogate distance is used to evaluate which linear estimate lies closest to a true solution of the pde problem. In this article we propose a strategy of coarse computation of the surrogate distance while maintaining a fine mesh reduced model, as the computational cost of the surrogate distance is large relative to the reduced modelling task. We demonstrate numerically that the error induced by the coarse distance is dominated by other approximation errors.
References

P. Binev, A. Cohen, W. Dahmen, R. DeVore, G. Petrova, and P. Wojtaszczyk. Convergence rates for geedy algorithms in reduced basis methods. SIAM J. Math. Anal. 43.3 (2011), pp. 1457–1472. doi: 10.1137/100795772.
P. Binev, A. Cohen, W. Dahmen, R. DeVore, G. Petrova, and P. Wojtaszczyk. Data assimilation in reduced modeling. SIAM/ASA J. Uncert. Quant. 5.1 (2017), pp. 1–29. doi: 10.1137/15M1025384
A. Cohen, W. Dahmen, O. Mula, and J. Nichols. Nonlinear reduced models for state and parameter estimation. arXiv:2009.02687 [cs, math] (2020). url: http://arxiv.org/abs/2009.02687 (visited on 01/07/2021)
A. Cohen, D. Wolfgang, R. DeVore, and J. Nichols. Reduced basis greedy selection using random training sets. ESAIM: Math. Model. Num. Anal. 54 (2020), pp. 1509–1524. doi: 10.1051/m2an/2020004.
J. S. Hesthaven, G. Rozza, and B. Stamm. Certified reduced basis methods for parametrized partial differential equations. SpringerBriefs in Mathematics. Springer, 2016. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-22470-1.
Y. Maday, A. T. Patera, J. D. Penn, and M. Yano. A parameterized-background data-weak approach to variational data assimilation: formulation, analysis, and application to acoustics. Int. J. Num. Meth. Eng. 102.5 (2015), pp. 933–965. doi: 10.1002/nme.4747.
Analysis of Migraine Pathophysiology by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors:   Department of Neurosurgery, Headache Clinic, Mito Medical Center, Mito Kyodo General Hospital, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, Shibata Yasushi , Goto Masayuki ,   Degree Programs in Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, Ishiyama Sumire ,   Faculty of Health Sciences, Tsukuba University of Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
Published: February 2022

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to investigate migraine pathophysiology because it is a non-invasive technique. The main aim of clinical imaging for patients with headaches is to exclude secondary headaches due to organic lesions. Conventional structural imaging techniques such as routine MRI demonstrate white matter lesions, changes in gray matter volume or cortical thickness, and cerebral blood flow in patients with migraine. Changes in metabolite levels are observed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Diffusion tensor imaging, neurite orientation dispersion, density imaging, and functional MRI reveal dynamic real-time functional changes in brain microstructures. These analyses have been applied not only for comparing patients with migraine and healthy controls but also for understanding the dynamic changes in brain function during the cyclic migraine ictal phase. Although these analyses have demonstrated migraine pathophysiology, there are still many limitations. Following the improvement in imaging technology, further research on this topic is in progress.
The Use of Technology Among Persons With Memory Concerns and Their Caregivers in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Study
Authors: Albers Elizabeth A , Mikal Jude , Millenbah Ashley , Finlay Jessica , Jutkowitz Eric , Mitchell Lauren , Horn Brenna , Gaugler Joseph E
Published: February 2022

Background

Stay-at-home orders and other public health measures designed to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 have increased isolation among persons with memory concerns (PWMCs: individuals diagnosed with cognitive impairment or Alzheimer disease or related dementias). The pandemic has also exacerbated challenges for family members who care for PWMCs. Although technology has demonstrated the potential to improve the social connections and mental health of PWMCs and their family caregivers (CGs), previous research shows that older adults may be reluctant to adopt new technologies.

Objective

We aimed to understand why and how some PWMCs and their CGs altered their use of mainstream technology, such as smartphones and fitness trackers, and assistive technology to adapt to lifestyle changes (eg, increased isolation) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

Using data collected in 20 qualitative interviews from June to August 2020 with 20 PWMCs and family CG dyads, we assessed changes in and barriers to everyday technology use following the implementation of COVID-19 mitigation strategies in the United States. Zoom videoconferencing was utilized to conduct the interviews to protect the health of the participants who were primarily older adults.

Results

Using qualitative thematic analysis, we identified 3 themes that explained motivations for using technology during a pandemic: (1) maintaining social connections, (2) alleviating boredom, and (3) increasing CG respite. Results further revealed lingering barriers to PWMC and CG adoption of technologies, including: (1) PWMC dependence upon CGs, (2) low technological literacy, and (3) limitations of existing technology.

Conclusions

This in-depth investigation suggests that technology can provide PWMCs with more independence and offer CGs relief from CG burden during periods of prolonged isolation.
Understanding Mental Health Professionals’ Perspectives and Practices Regarding the Implementation of Digital Mental Health: Qualitative Study
Authors: Mendes-Santos Cristina , Nunes Francisco , Weiderpass Elisabete , Santana Rui , Andersson Gerhard
Published: February 2022

Background

Despite the potential of digital mental health to provide cost-effective mental health care, its adoption in clinical settings is limited, and little is known about the perspectives and practices of mental health professionals regarding its implementation or the factors influencing these perspectives and practices.

Objective

This study aims to characterize in depth the perspectives and practices of mental health professionals regarding the implementation of digital mental health and explore the factors affecting such perspectives and practices.

Methods

A qualitative study using in-depth semistructured interviews with Portuguese mental health professionals (N=13)—psychologists and psychiatrists—was conducted. The transcribed interviews were thematically analyzed.

Results

Mental health professionals deemed important or engaged in the following practices during the implementation of digital mental health: indication evaluation, therapeutic contract negotiation, digital psychological assessment, technology setup and management, and intervention delivery and follow-up. Low-threshold accessibility and professionals’ perceived duty to provide support to their clients facilitated the implementation of digital mental health. Conversely, the lack of structured intervention frameworks; the unavailability of usable, validated, and affordable technology; and the absence of structured training programs inhibited digital mental health implementation by mental health professionals.

Conclusions

The publication of practice frameworks, development of evidence-based technology, and delivery of structured training seem key to expediting implementation and encouraging the sustained adoption of digital mental health by mental health professionals.
The Influence of SARS-CoV-2 Variants on National Case-Fatality Rates: Correlation and Validation Study
Authors: Barletta William A
Published: February 2022

Background

In 2021, new variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus appeared with increased transmissibility and virulence as compared with the original wild variant. The first variants of concern (VoCs), Alpha (B1.1.7) and Gamma (P.1), first appeared in the United Kingdom and Brazil, respectively. The Delta (B.1.617.2) variant, seen in India in October 2020, dominated COVID-19 infections across all regions through the second half of 2021.

Objective

This research explores the degree to which SARS-CoV-2 VoCs generate waves of fluctuations in case-fatality rates (CFRs) across countries in several regions, increase the risk of mortality to persons with certain comorbidities, and decrease the risk of mortality as the percentage of fully vaccinated populations increases.

Methods

This analysis introduces a measure of the temporal dynamics of COVID-19 infections in the form of a proxy CFR (pCFR), which can be compared among countries. It uses economic and demographic data reported by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund, plus publicly available epidemiological and medical statistics reported to the relevant national and international public health authorities. From these ecological data, pandemic average and daily COVID-19 CFRs and their correlations with potential cofactors were computed for 2021, a year dominated by the spread of World Health Organization–designated VoCs. The study does not investigate disease pathology; rather, it compares the daily case rates and pCFRs to reveal underlying contributing factors that vary from country to country and region to region.

Results

The in-depth global regression analysis of cofactors found that the strongest single correlation with COVID-19 fatality was 0.36 (SD 0.02) with P<.001 for chronic kidney disease. No other single physiological cofactors display positive correlations exceeding 0.26 (SD 0.26), with P=.008 (asthma) and P=.01 (coronary disease). The study confirms that the pCFR is a valuable metric for tracking waves of infection due to different VoCs within countries.

Conclusions

The influence of social, economic, and medical cofactors on the CFR due to VoCs remains qualitatively similar, albeit strengthened, to the levels found for the wild strain. The strong regional variations of the influence of all cofactors observed for the wild strain persists in infections for all VoCs with very strong correlation coefficients seen in the Middle East for asthma (0.76), coronary heart disease (0.60), lung disease (0.70), and chronic kidney disease (0.52). Strong regional variations emphasize the influence on COVID-19 mortality due to regional differences in national economics, patterns of health care policies, and variations in cultural practices and environment. The pCFR-based analysis reveals clear patterns of the spread of VoCs across regions, but there is little evidence for the spread of the Lambda and Mu (B.1.621) variants of interest outside of South America.
Diseño art déco en productos de higiene personal y domésticos en la etapa posrevolucionaria para la clase media en la Ciudad de México, 1925-1945
Authors: Magaña Fajardo Carolina
Published: February 2022

El objetivo de este texto es exponer cómo la higiene se convirtió en un elemento fundamental del diseño y de la organización social en la etapa posrevolucionaria en la Ciudad de México. Para demostrarlo, trazaremos tres líneas convergentes. La primera concerniente a la propuesta filosófica, educativa y de diseño nacionalista mexicano llevada a cabo por José Vasconcelos con la política pública versada en la higiene; la segunda en relación a cómo los innovadores descubrimientos científicos, tecnológicos e industriales produjeron nuevas aportaciones en el campo del diseño y en la medicina; y la tercera en torno a la forma en que esta iniciativa se reflejó en la cotidianidad de los habitantes de la Ciudad de México a través de los objetos de higiene personal, de limpieza doméstica y en el diseño art déco de interiores de la casa habitación de la clase media.Este texto presenta una investigación cualitativa que inicia por el método descriptivo, analítico y por momentos históricos. Además, se basa en elementos hemerográficos y documentales del periódico El Universal de 1935, Revista de Revistas de 1927, Paquita de 1939, El Quijote de 1925 y El Niño 1921.
Implementasi Metode Inquiry dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Asror Fuad Mafatichul
Published: February 2022

Pendidikan agama Islam merupakan salah satu bidang pembelajaran yang tidak dapat diinternalisasikan secara instan, namun pendidikan agama Islam menjadi bagian dari hal terpenting yang harus ditanamkan sejak dini kepada generasi Islam. Perkembangan jaman dan teknologi yang sangat pesat perlu diimbangi dengan penanaman pendidikan agama Islam yang lebih kuat. Oleh sebab itu, metode pembelajaran konvensional yang sudah tidak relevan dengan perkembangan dan kebutuhan jaman seharusnya dikembangkan dan dikolaborasikan dengan metode pembelajaran yang dapat memberikan fasilitas terhadap peserta didik dalam mengembangkan pikiran untuk dapat memunculkan ide dan menemukan solusi atas permasalahan yang terjadi salah satunya dengan penerapan metode inquiry. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji metode inquiry dalam proses pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode inquiry merupakan pembelajaran yang berpusat pada sikap keilmuan siswa dalam memutuskan masalah yang dihadapi, sehingga spekulasi atau ide yang ditemukan dapat diterapkan di lapangan. Karakteristik pembelajaran inquiry yakni berpikir kritis, memfasilitasi, fleksibel, berdasarkan metodologi interdisipliner, terbuka, mengatasi masalah, tanggung jawab pribadi, dang pengaturan sendiri. Mampu mendorong siswa untuk berpikir lebih kritis dan tidak membatasi ruang kreatifitas siswa dalam menalar pelajaran. Penerapan metode ini yaitu guru sebagai fasilitator dalam menentukan tema pembelajaran dan siswa berpikir aktif dan kreatif dalam menyelesaikan segala persoalan dalam pembelajaran. Metode ini sangat penting sebagai alternatif untuk mengatasi problem dan proses pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam.
A Designed Energy Management System (EMS) for an Off- Grid Residential Microgrid
Authors:   Centre for Distributed Power and Electronic Systems (CDPES), Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) PO Box 1906, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa., Cyubahiro Olivier Kiraga , Giraneza Martial ,   Centre for Distributed Power and Electronic Systems (CDPES), Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) PO Box 1906, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa., Abo-Al-Ez Khaled ,   Centre for Distributed Power and Electronic Systems (CDPES), Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) PO Box 1906, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa., Khan Mohamed Tariq E. ,   Centre for Distributed Power and Electronic Systems (CDPES), Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) PO Box 1906, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa.
Published: February 2022

This paper proposes an Energy Management System (EMS) of an off-grid residential microgrid comprised of a solar photovoltaic array, wind turbine, and a battery-based energy storage system for a residential building in a remote area. The aim is to design a less complex energy management system that addresses energy resources dispatch challenge in a hybrid residential microgrid. It equitably dispatches resources and manages the generated energy to meet the residential load. The management control system algorithm is implemented using the state machine and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment for validation. Three scenarios are simulated, they emulate various contingencies scenarios that might rise due to the intermittency nature of the renewable resources. Simulation results show that the proposed energy management system achieves its design objectives. It maintains the power supply and demand balance, through an appropriate scheduling of resources even during contingency due to the intermittence nature of the renewable resources
Organic production as part of a sustainable local food supply chain
Authors:   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Aleksejeva Lasma , Pelse Modrite ,   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Hauka Agnese ,   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies
Published: February 2022

Organic farming is a sustainable food production system that involves best environmental practices, a high level of biodiversity protection, conservation of natural resources, high animal welfare standards and production according to the desires of a certain group of consumers to consume foods produced by using natural products and processes. The research aims to assess the availability of organic food in the local food supply chain. The research found that the production of organic food is driven by the growing consumer interest in healthy and high-quality food. Consumers prefer short food supply chains to buy organic food from local producers. The range of available organic foods is affected by various micro and macro environmental factors every year. An analysis of organic foods by degree of processing revealed that there were available mostly unprocessed foods (fresh fruit and vegetables) or minimally/basically processed foods (milk, dairy products, pastries); therefore, the products have low levels of saturated sugars, salt and trans fats.
Demand for social farming services in Latvia: dementia care in Rūjiena municipality
Authors:   University of Latvia, Zobena Aija , Lace Daira ,   State Social Care Centre “Zemgale”, Latvia
Published: February 2022

The aim of the study is to explore potential demand for social care services offered by social farming in Latvia by studying the experience of families caring for family members with dementia. Social farming is both a new and a traditional concept. It originates from the traditional rural self-help networks that were well established in rural areas before the modernisation of agriculture and the rise of the public welfare system. Social agriculture covers at least three dynamic areas of society – rural development, social entrepreneurship and the growing demand for social care services, and it is closely linked to the concept of multifunctional agriculture. As a form of social entrepreneurship, social farming could create the opportunity to reconnect farmers with their local communities through the opening of their farms as part of the social support system of the community. Caring for people with dementia is a particular challenge. Currently in Latvia, families where one of the family members has dementia have only two options - to place their relatives in a care institution or to take care of them in the family. Foreign experience shows that social care farms can provide care services to people with early dementia. This paper, exploring demand for these services in Latvia, is based on the case study of families caring for persons with dementia in Rūjiena municipality in April 2020.
Systematic Heritability and Heritability Enrichment Analysis for Diabetes Complications in UK Biobank and ACCORD Studies
Authors: Kim Juhyun , Jensen Aubrey , Ko Seyoon , Raghavan Sridharan , Phillips Lawrence S. , Hung Adriana , Sun Yan , Zhou Hua , Reaven Peter , Zhou Jin J.
Published: February 2022

Diabetes-related complications reflect longstanding damage to small and large vessels throughout the body. In addition to the duration of diabetes and poor glycemic control, genetic factors are important contributors to the variability in the development of vascular complications. Early heritability studies found strong familial clustering of both macrovascular and microvascular complications. However, they were limited by small sample sizes and large phenotypic heterogeneity, leading to less accurate estimates. We take advantage of two independent studies—UK Biobank and the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes trial—to survey the single nucleotide polymorphism heritability for diabetes microvascular (diabetic kidney disease and diabetic retinopathy) and macrovascular (cardiovascular events) complications. Heritability for diabetic kidney disease was estimated at 29%. The heritability estimate for microalbuminuria ranged from 24 to 60% and was 41% for macroalbuminuria. Heritability estimates of diabetic retinopathy ranged from 6 to 33%, depending on the phenotype definition. More severe diabetes retinopathy possessed higher genetic contributions. We show, for the first time, that rare variants account for much of the heritability of diabetic retinopathy. This study suggests that a large portion of the genetic risk of diabetes complications is yet to be discovered and emphasizes the need for additional genetic studies of diabetes complications.
Perbandingan Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Picture and Picture dan NHT Dalam Pembelajaran IPS Tingkat SD
Authors: Sulaksana I Made , Wibawa I Made , Arini Ni
Published: February 2022

Kurang maksimalnya guru dalam memanfaatkan model pembelajaran dan penggunaan alat peraga selama proses pembelajaran IPS serta kurangnya motivasi belajar akan sangat berpengaruh pada keberhasilan siswa. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, diperlukan model pembelajaran yang tepat agar siswa mampu mengikuti pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbandingan efektivitas dari penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe picture and picture dan NHT untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar IPS tingkat SD. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian meta analisis dengan cara review naratif dan sistematik artikel ilmiah. Subjek penelitian ini adalah model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe picture and picture dan NHT pada mata pelajaran IPS tingkat SD. Metode pengumpulan data yang dilaksanakan melalui penulusuran jurnal online dari google scholar dengan total 10 artikel yang dipilih dari setiap tipe pembelajaran membahas 5 artikel ilmiah. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis data statistik deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan nilai gain yang diperoleh dari hasil penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe picture and picture memiliki nilai rata-rata 2,83, sedangkan pada tipe NHT memiliki nilai rata-rata 19,74. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe NHT lebih efektif untuk diimplementasikan dalam pelajaran IPS siswa SD. Implikasi penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan motivasi belajar, kemampuan berpikir kritis, siswa akan aktif selama pembelajaran dan dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Aplikasi MaCa Materi Pecahan Berorientasi Teori Belajar Ausubel Muatan Matematika
Authors: Rasvani Ni Luh , Wulandari I Gusti Agung
Published: February 2022

Pemanfaatan teknologi dibidang pendidikan belum sepenuhnya optimal sehingga mempengaruhi proses pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang berdampak pada kualitas pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengembangan media pembelajaran aplikasi MaCa (Materi Pecahan) berorientasi Teori Belajar Ausubel muatan matematika. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah jenis penelitian pengembangan dengan menggunakan model ADDIE. Subjek penelitian ini adalah validitas media pembelajaran aplikasi MaCa (Materi Pecahan) berorientasi Teori Belajar Ausubel muatan matematika. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode non tes yang diberikan kepada tiga pakar ahli serta siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu berupa lembar angket validasi untuk mengetahui kelayakan aplikasi dan angket respon siswa untuk mengetahui kemenarikan aplikasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah menunjukkan persentase hasil dari validitas oleh ahli media 91,66%, ahli desain 93,75%, ahli isi mata pelajaran sebesar 87,5%, dan respon siswa dari hasil uji coba produk perorangan sebesar 98,48% dan uji coba produk kelompok kecil 93,93%. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah media pembelajaran aplikasi MaCa (Materi Pecahan) berorientasi Teori Belajar Ausubel muatan matematika dinyatakan sangat baik dan layak untuk dapat digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran. Implikasi penelitian ini adalah dapat membuat siswa lebih aktif dan kreatif sehingga dapat memudahkan proses pembelajaran serta mengoptimalkan pencapaian belajar siswa
Pola Asuh Orang Tua dan Motivasi Belajar Berhubungan Erat terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA
Authors: Sari Ni Luh , Sudarma I , Japa I Gusti
Published: February 2022

Kendala yang dialami orangtua dalam membimbing anak untuk belajar dapat berpengaruh terhadap rendahnya motivasi dan hasil belajar IPA siswa khususnya pada muatan IPA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan antara pola asuh orangtua dan motivasi belajar terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian expost facto. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 143 siswa. Teknik pengambilan data dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi sederhana dan regresi ganda dengan menggunakan SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola asuh orangtua, motivasi belajar, dan hasil belajar saling mempengaruhi. Apabila dijabarkan adalah sebagai berikut; pertama terdapat hasil yang signifikan antara pola asuh dengan hasil belajar yang diperoleh nilai Fhitung > Ftabel (0,908 >0,163), kedua terdapat hubungan signifikan antara motivasi dengan hasil belajar yang diperoleh nilai Fhitung> Ftabel (0,166 >0,163), ketiga terdapat hubungan signifikan antara pola asuh dan motivasi terhadap hasil belajar IPA yang diperoleh nilai Fhitung > Ftabel (0,166 >0,163). Jadi, terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pola asuh orang tua dan motivasi belajar terhadap hasil belajar IPA siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar secara terpisah dan simultan. Penelitian ini berdampak terhadap perbaikan berupa upaya orangtua, guru, dan masyarakat untuk menanamkan konsep diri yang positif terhadap anak melalui pola asuh yang baik untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar dan hasil belajar siswa.
Peran Ekstrakurikuler Pramuka Dalam Membentuk Karakter Peduli Sosial Siswa
Authors: Rahmayani Suri , Ramadan Zaka Hadikusuma
Published: February 2022

Penurunan perilaku sosial terhadap anak kerap terjadi pada masa sekarang, beberapa individu lebih sibuk mengabadikan momen sebut dengan memvidio, memotret, atau menyebarkan pada jejaring media sosial. Oleh sebab itu diperlukan wadah untuk pembentukan karakter, yang mana pembentukan karakter berawal dari keluarga, lingkungan serta sekolah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis peran ekstrakurikuler pramuka dalam membentuk karakter peduli sosial di sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan sumber data primer dari siswa, kepala sekolah seta pembina pramuka. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Untuk memperoleh keabsahan data yang objektif, maka teknik analisis menggunakan uji kreadibilas triangulasi sumber. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik Miles dan Huberman yaitu data collection, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penyimpulan data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ektrakurikuler pramuka berperan untuk membentuk karakter peduli sosial pada siswa hal tersebut ditunjukan dengan kegiatan kepramukaan yang bertujuan membangun karakter siswa, upaya yang dilakukan oleh pembina serta dukungan warga sekolah. Implikasi penelitian ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan sikap peduli sosial peserta didik maupun karakter lainnya dalam mematuhi peraturan. Selain itu dapat meningkatkan sikap saling menghormati dan menghargai baik sesama teman maupun kepada pembina dan guru.
Oksidacijski i antimikrobni učinci alicina
Authors: Bartulović Rafaela , Feher Turković Lana , Mojsović Ćuić Ana
Published: February 2022

Alicin (dialil-tiosulfinat ili
dialil-disulfid-oksid, C6H10OS2) je obrambeni organosumporni spoj koji pronalazimo u bijelome
luku (Allium
sativum L.) te u drugim vrstama roda Allium poput crvenoga luka (Allium cepa L.). Alicin se proizvodi pri oštećenju tkiva češnjaka iz aminokiseline aliina
(S-alil cistein-sulfoksid) u reakciji koja je katalizirana enzimom aliinazom.
Smatra se glavnom komponentom bijeloga luka koji se proučava i upotrebljava u medicinske
svrhe još od davnina. Karakterističan i lako prepoznatljiv miris
bijeloga luka potječe upravo od alicina. Alicin je
molekula sa širokim spektrom bioloških aktivnosti. Kao tiosulfinat,
pripada reaktivnim sumpornim spojevima (RSS) te ulazi u redoks-reakciju s
tiolnim skupinama u glutationu i proteinima, što se smatra esencijalnim za
njegovu biološku aktivnost. Pokazao je nedvojbene
korisne učinke na ljudsko zdravlje, među kojima su najvažniji antimikrobni i antiparazitni učinci. Posebna pozornost u istraživanjima posvećuje se i njegovim antikancerogenim,
antidijabetičkim, imunomodulatornim, antioksidacijskim
i kardioprotektivnim učincima. Alicin pokazuje potencijal
za prevenciju i tretiranje nekoliko bolesti, uključujući diabetes melitus, kardiovaskularne bolesti i rak.
Vjeruje se da takav biološki učinak ima upravo zbog svojih
antioksidacijskih i imunomodulatornih svojstava. Jasno je da alicin ima široku i zanimljivu primjenu u
medicini, odakle i detaljna rasprava o njegovu ogromnom potencijalu u ovom pregledu.
Buduće primjene trebale bi se usmjeriti
na farmaceutsku formulaciju alicina, njegovu isporuku te kompatibilnost s
hranom i lijekovima zbog njegove biosinteze, nestabilnosti, hlapljivosti i
reaktivnosti.
Neck circumference and incidence of cerebrovascular disease over 12 years among Korean adults
Authors: Han Jae-Seon , Kim Yun-Hee
Published: February 2022

Objectives: Neck circumference is associated with a distinctive fat storage process that confers additional metabolic risk. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the correlation between baseline neck circumference and the incidence of cerebrovascular disease using a prospective community-based sample of Korean adults over 12 years of follow-up, after controlling for selected covariates.Methods: Participants with non-cerebrovascular disease were divided into 4 groups (Q1–Q4) based on their baseline neck circumference. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the relationship between neck circumference and cerebrovascular disease incidence over a 12-year period.Results: Among this study’s 3,662 participants, 128 (3.50%) developed cerebrovascular disease. The incidence of cerebrovascular disease increased from 2.2% in Q1 to 4.3% in Q2, 2.5% in Q3, and 5.0% in Q4. When compared to Q1, the relative risks of cerebrovascular disease development were 0.57 (95 % CI, 0.25–1.31), 0.86 (0.38–1.96), and 0.79 (0.30–2.07) in man and 1.86 (0.66–5.20), 3.50 (1.25–9.86), and 4.71 (1.50–14.77) in woman in Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively, after adjusting for most risk factors related to cerebrovascular disease.Conclusion: The relationship between neck circumference and cerebrovascular disease was stronger in woman than in man, indicating potential differences between the sexes. These results are meaningful for evaluating and surveilling neck circumference as a promising tool for identifying subgroups of vulnerable and at-risk populations.
"1940 – Transylvanian Institutions and Personalities Promoting Romanian Culture after the Vienna Arbitration "
Authors:   Faculty of Philosophy and History, Department for International Studies and Contemporary History, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Todorescu Doru Cristian
Published: February 2022

Following the German-Italian decision of August 30, 1940, Romania was forced to cede half of Transylvania, including Cluj. Following this decision, the University of Cluj was forced to take refuge. With regard to the place of evacuation, it was established that three faculties of the “King Ferdinand I” University of Cluj, i.e., the Faculty of Law, the Faculty of Letters and Philosophy, and the Faculty of Medicine, be located in Sibiu, while the Faculty of Sciences in Timisoara. After finding the spaces, and especially after Iuliu Hatieganu took over the mandate of the rector of the university, the academic community of Cluj regained its internal balance. The courses were held in accordance with the curricular standards of that time, and the scientific and journalistic activity of teachers, researchers and students was, throughout the entire period of the refuge, remarkable.
Family Archives in the 16th Century. The Mikola Family Archive
Authors: LUPESCU MAKÓ Mária
Published: February 2022

In April 1573, after the death of the head of the family, Ferenc Mikola, the elders of the Mikolas gathered in Someşeni to take over the family archive from his widow. The action carried out according to the custom, but also to the legislation of the country took place in the presence of witnesses, later a proving act being issued. The present study aims to investigate the process of handing over the noble family archives in Transylvania from the end of the Middle Ages and during the sixteenth century. In this context, the ways of keeping and ordering the charters during the researched period, as well as the circumstances of the formation of the noble family archives will be examined. The focus will be on the presentation of a case study, that of the Mikola family archive. Starting from the charter issued in April 1573, we shall briefly present the Mikola family, their family archive, but also the witnesses of the archive’s transmission. Among the latter, we shall pay a special attention to Ferenc Dávid, the parish priest of Cluj and superintendent. The second title carried by the religious reformer shall provide the opportunity to reflect on the formation of the Reformed and Unitarian Churches in Transylvania.
 
Article history: Received 3.11.2020; Revised 25.03.2021; Accepted 20.05.2021; Available online 03.02.2022.
 
Rezumat: Arhive familiale în secolul al XVI-lea. Arhiva familiei Mikola. În aprilie 1573, după moartea capului familiei, Ferenc Mikola vârstnicii familiei Mikola s-au adunat la Someşeni pentru a prelua de la văduva acestuia arhiva familiei. Acţiunea desfăşurată potrivit cutumei, dar şi legislaţiei ţării a avut loc în prezenţa martorilor, ulterior eliberându-se şi un act doveditor. Studiul de faţă îşi propune să cerceteze procedeul predării arhivelor familiare nobiliare din Transilvania de la sfârşitul Evului mediu şi pe parcursul secolului al XVI-lea. În acest context vor fi prezentate modalităţile de păstrare şi ordonare a documentelor în perioada cercetată, precum şi împrejurările formării arhivelor familiare nobiliare. Accentul va fi pus pe prezentarea unui studiu caz, cel al arhivei familiei Mikola. Pornind de la documentul din aprilie 1573, vom prezenta pe scurt familia Mikola, arhiva familiei, dar şi martorii acţiunii de predare a arhivei. Dintre aceştia din urmă îi vom acorda o atenţie deosebită lui Ferenc Dávid, preotul paroh al oraşului Cluj şi superintendent. Titlul din urmă purtat de reformatorul religios va oferi ocazia să reflectăm şi asupra formării Bisericilor Reformate şi Unitariene din Transilvania.
Cuvinte cheie: familia Mikola, arhive familiale, arhiva Mikola, păstrarea documentelor, Transilvania, secolul al XVI-lea, Biserica Unitariană.
Gagnagöt í spurningakönnunum meðal íslenskra unglinga
Authors: Haraldsson Hans , Kjartanasdóttir Ingibjörg
Published: February 2022

Á Íslandi eru reglulega lagðar fyrir allmargar spurningakannanir um líðan unglinga, hegðun þeirra, umhverfi, nám og starf. Spurningalistarnir í þessum könnunum eru gjarnan langir og fela stundum í sér krefjandi svarverkefni. Þetta leiðir til hættu á kerfisbundnum gagnagötum sem geta bjagað niðurstöður. Í þessari grein eru gagnagöt í þremur unglingakönnunum; ESPAD, HBSC og viðhorfa- og bakgrunnsspurningalista PISA-könnunarinnar greind út frá staðsetningu spurningar og spurningaformi. Bæði athuguðum við brottfall þar sem svarandi hætti þátttöku áður en hann lauk við að svara listanum og gagnagöt sem hljótast af því að svarendur hoppa yfir spurningar. Hlutfall gagnagata er töluvert í öllum könnunum en breytilegt eftir staðsetningu, formi og efni spurninga. ESPAD-spurningalistinn virðist heldur of langur og PISA-spurningalistinn allt of langur fyrir markhópa kannananna. Í HBSC má greina nokkuð skýr tengsl á milli spurningaforma og líkinda á að svar vanti, sérstaklega hjá yngri svarendum. Það er of lítill breytileiki í spurningaformum í hinum könnununum til að hægt sé að greina áhrif spurningaforma frá áhrifum staðsetningar. Brottfall er minna úr HBSC en hinum könnununum, mögulega vegna þess að spurningaform eru fjölbreyttari. Gagnagöt vegna þess að svarendur hoppa yfir spurningar eru hins vegar ekki mikið færri þegar tillit er tekið til lengdar. Brottfall og tilhneiging til að hoppa yfir spurningar hefur skýr tengsl við kyn svaranda í öllum könnunum og bekk svaranda í HBSC. Í ESPAD má greina skýrt samband áhættuhegðunar sem spurt er um snemma í könnuninni við bæði líkur á að svarendur falli úr könnun og hoppi yfir spurningar. Það eru því nokkrar vísbendingar um að gagnagöt séu kerfisbundin og geti valdið umtalsverðum bjaga á niðurstöðum. Möguleikar á að stytta og einfalda kannanir eru teknir til umfjöllunar undir lok greinarinnar.