bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Orthostatic Hypotension Induced by Sertraline Withdrawal
Authors: Amsden Guy W. , Georgian Frederick
Published: October 2023

Sertraline is a member of the newest class of antidepressants, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Due to its inherent selectivity and its lack of action with norepinephrine, dopamine, monoamine oxidase, and cholinergic receptors, this drug is unlikely to have any cardiovascular activity. A patient receiving sertraline for depression developed dizziness and orthostatic hypotension on repeated attempts to discontinue the drug. All other organic factors were ruled out. The hypotension was proved to be secondary to sertraline by repeated rechallenges. After a variety of attempted treatments, the agent was discontinued successfully through an extended titration period. This report should guide clinicians in treating patients with a similar problem.
Ex Vivo Expression of Angiogenic Growth Factors and Their Receptors in Human Penile Cavernosal Cells
Authors: Rajasekaran Mahadevan , Kasyan Armen , Allilain Warren , Monga Manoj
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT: Arteriogenic erectile dysfunction is associated with impairment of vascular perfusion to the erectile components of the penis. Animal studies have identified insulin‐like growth factor (IGF‐I) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as penile angiogenic growth factors, but the role of these factors in humans is not well understood. We evaluated the ex vivo expression of IGF‐I, VEGF, and their receptors (IGF‐IR, Flt‐1, and KDR) in human penile cavernosal smooth muscle cells (HCSMCs) to identify cellular and molecular pathways involved in the regulation of penile tissue vascularity. Primary culture was initiated with explants of human corpora cavernosa, and early passage (3–5) cells were used for these evaluations. Cultures were examined to verify the presence of smooth muscle cells and the absence of endothelial cell contamination. Specific monoclonal antibodies were used to localize growth factors and their receptors. To evaluate gene expression of VEGF, Flt‐1, and KDR, total RNA was extracted from cavernosal cells and subjected to reverse transcriptase—polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) using custom synthesized primers. To study the effect on cell proliferation, 10 000 cells/well were exposed to varying concentrations of VEGF (0–50 ng/mL). At specified time periods the cells were trypsinized and counted. IGF‐I and VEGF and their receptors were localized in the cultures, which were positive for the presence of smooth muscle cells and negative for endothelial cell contamination. RT‐PCR evaluation revealed the expression of four splice variants of VEGF messenger RNA (VEGFs 121, 145, 165, and 189) and two of its receptors (Flt‐1 and KDR). VEGF165 and VEGF121 were the most abundant forms of messenger RNA and Flt‐1 appeared to be the most prominent receptor type in these cells. Exposure to VEGF elicited a twofold to threefold increase in the proliferation of HCSMCs. HCSMCs express both IGF‐I and VEGF and their receptors, which may be important in the control of vascularity in human penile architecture.
Involvement of Cytoplasmic Free Calcium in Boar Sperm: Head‐to‐Head Agglutination Induced by a Cell‐Permeable Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Analog
Authors: Harayama Hiroshi , Okada Konosuke , Miyake Masashi
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT: When boar spermatozoa are incubated in a medium designed for in vitro fertilization, many of them become agglutinated at the acrosomes. We previously reported that bicarbonate and cyclic adenosine 3′,5′‐monophosphate (cAMP) promote agglutination. The aim of the present study is to examine the role of cytoplasmic free Ca2+ in boar sperm agglutination induced by a cell‐permeable cAMP analogue. Spermatozoa were collected from five mature boars, washed, and resuspended in a modified Krebs‐Ringer‐Hepes solution lacking calcium chloride. The sperm suspensions were incubated in a water bath (38.5°C) for 60 minutes and were then used to determine the percentages of head‐to‐head agglutinated spermatozoa. Percentages of head‐to‐head agglutinated spermatozoa in the samples rose significantly after incubation, from 28% to 61%‐62%, after adding to the medium a cell‐permeable, phosphodiesterase‐resistant cAMP analogue (cBiMPS, 10 μM) or an adenylyl cyclase stimulator (sodium bicarbonate, 5 mM) plus a cell‐permeable phosphodiesterase inhibitor (IBMX, 25 μM). However, the promoting effects of these reagents were blocked when spermatozoa were pretreated with a cell‐permeable Ca2+ chelator (BAPTA‐AM, 25 μM), whereas the same pretreatment with a cell‐impermeable Ca2+ chelator (BAPTA, 25 μM) had almost no influence on sperm agglutination. Adding thapsigargin, a potential Ca2+‐ATPase inhibitor, to the medium raised the percentages of agglutinated spermatozoa in a concentration‐dependent manner for concentrations up to 4 μM. When 4 μM thapsigargin and 10 μM cBiMPS were examined for their effects on free Ca2+ levels in sperm heads by using a cell‐permeable Ca2+ indicator (fluo‐3/AM), the samples incubated with both or either of these reagents contained many head‐to‐head agglutinated cells that exhibited intense fluorescence in the heads. In control samples incubated without these reagents by contrast, most spermatozoa were free (unagglutinated) cells and characterized by almost no or only slight fluorescence in the heads. Moreover, morphological observation of Giemsa‐stained preparations revealed that most agglutinated spermatozoa possessed darkly stained acrosomes, which distinguished them from acrosomereacted spermatozoa. This indicated that the sperm agglutination was not a result of the acrosome reaction. Furthermore, with indirect immunofluorescence of Ca2+‐ATPases, the mouse monoclonal antibody to this enzyme demonstrated high affinity to the acrosomes of permeabilized spermatozoa. Based on these results, we conclude that cytoplasmic free Ca2+ is involved in sperm head‐to‐head agglutination induced by a cAMP analogue.
Activation of G protein‐coupled receptor 39 alleviates neuropathic pain and chronic inflammation
Authors: Cheng Fang , Yan Fengfeng , Yang Aixing , Liu Jing , Ma Jianxin
Published: October 2023

Neuropathic pain (NP) is mainly caused by lesions or diseases of the somatosensory nervous system and triggers severe physical burdens to patients. It is claimed that activated microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation participates in the development of NP, which is regulated by p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor‐κappa B (NF‐κB) p65 signaling. G protein‐coupled receptor 39 (GPR39) is a trans‐membrane protein involved in the activation of cellular transduction pathways, and TC‐G 1008, a GPR39 agonist, is believed to have inhibitory effects on neuroinflammation. Our study will explore the possible alleviatory function of TC‐G 1008 on NP in a rat model. GPR39 was found markedly downregulated in the spinal dorsal horn of chronic constriction injury (CCI)‐stimulated rats. Rats were treated with CCI, followed by intranasal administration with 7.5 and 15 mg/kg TC‐G 1008 at 1, 25, 49, and 73 h postmodeling, respectively. Drastically lowered values of paw withdrawal threshold and paw withdrawal latency, upregulated ionized calcium‐binding adapter molecule 1, increased release of inflammatory cytokines, elevated spinal malondialdehyde levels, and reduced spinal glutathione peroxidase levels were observed in CCI‐stimulated rats, all of which were markedly alleviated and rescued by TC‐G 1008. Furthermore, the levels of p‐p38/p38 and p‑NF‑κB p65 were found signally repressed in the spinal dorsal horn of CCI‐stimulated rats, which was notably reversed by TC‐G 1008. Collectively, TC‐G 1008 markedly alleviated NP and neuroinflammation in CCI‐treated rats. Our findings provide an attractive future direction for the treatment of NP.
Testosterone restores TM3 and TM4 cell viability, reduces reactive oxygen species generation, and protects against atrazine‐induced stereological changes in rat testes
Authors: Mgbudom‐Okah Chidimma J. , Abarikwu Sunny O. , Wegwu Matthew O. , Henkel Ralf
Published: October 2023

In this study, we performed the stereological examination of rat testes and evaluated the protective effect of testosterone against atrazine (ATZ) toxicity in TM3 Leydig and TM4 Sertoli cells. Testosterone intake in rats increased the volumetric density of the seminiferous tubules; tubular diameter; germinal epithelial height; number of spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes, round spermatids, Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells; and Johnsen scores compared with the values after ATZ treatment (p < 0.05). Furthermore, testosterone increased the viability of TM3 cells and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in TM4 cells compared to the ATZ‐treated group. In conclusion, exogenous testosterone intake maintains testicular morphometry and spermatogenesis in rats, and minimizes cell death and ROS generation in testicular cell lines exposed to ATZ. However, TM4 cells are more responsive to testosterone‐mediated regulation of ROS generation induced by ATZ than TM3 cells.
Taurine promotes muscle fiber type transformation through CaN/NFATc1 signaling in porcine myoblasts
Authors: An Wenting , Huang Zhiqing , Mao Zhengyu , Jia Gang , Zhao Hua , Liu Guangmang , Chen Xiaoling
Published: October 2023

This study investigated the effect of taurine (TAU) on the muscle fiber type transformation in porcine myoblasts and its molecular mechanisms. The findings revealed that TAU augmented the protein expression of slow MyHC and the enzyme activities of oxidative metabolism markers like malate dehydrogenase and succinic dehydrogenase. Conversely, it curtailed the expression of fast MyHC and glycolytic metabolism enzyme activity of lactate dehydrogenase. Moreover, TAU elevated the expression of genes associated with oxidative fiber while diminishing the expression of those linked to glycolytic fibers, suggesting that TAU promoted the muscle fiber type transformation from glycolytic fiber to oxidative fiber. Additionally, TAU notably enhanced the expression of key molecules of calcineurin (CaN)/nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) signaling and the CaN activity in porcine myoblasts. However, CaN inhibitor cyclosporine A abolished these effects induced by TAU. Our results indicated that TAU regulated the muscle fiber type transformation from glycolytic to oxidative fiber by activation of CaN/NFATc1 signaling.
Evaluation of a smartphone‐operated point‐of‐care device using loop‐mediated isothermal amplification technology for rapid and remote detection of SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Meyers Eline , Park JeongHo , Coen Anja , Raman Leen , Heytens Stefan , Rhee Joowon , Padalko Elizaveta , Cools Piet
Published: October 2023

During the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, rapid and sensitive detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 has been of high importance for outbreak control. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) is the current gold standard, however, the procedures require an equipped laboratory setting and personnel, which have been regularly overburdened during the pandemic. This often resulted in long waiting times for patients. In contrast, reverse transcriptase loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (RT‐LAMP) is a simple, cost‐efficient, and fast procedure, allowing for rapid and remote detection of SARS‐CoV‐2. In the current study, we performed a clinical evaluation of a new point‐of‐care test system based on LAMP‐technology for SARS‐CoV‐2 detection, providing a result within 25 min (1copy™ COVID‐19 MDx Kit Professional system). We tested 112 paired nasopharyngeal swabs, collected in the COVID‐19 Ghent University Hospital test center, using the 1copy™ COVID‐19 MDx Kit Professional system, and RT‐PCR as the reference method. The test system was found to have a clinical sensitivity of 93.24% (69/74) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 84.93%–97.77%) and specificity of 97.37% (37/38) (95% CI: 86.19%–99.93%). Due to its easy smartphone operation and ready‐to‐use reagents, it ought to be easily applied in for instance general practices, pharmacies, nursing homes, schools, and companies. This would facilitate an efficient SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak control and quarantine policy, as diagnosis can occur sooner in a near‐patient setting.
Structural basis of the American mink ACE2 binding by Y453F trimeric spike glycoproteins of SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Ahn Hyunjun , Calderon Brenda M. , Fan Xiaoyu , Gao Yunrong , Horgan Natalie L. , Jiang Nannan , Blohm Dylan S. , Hossain Jaber , Rayyan Nicole Wedad K. , Osman Sarah H. , Lin Xudong , Currier Michael , Steel John , Wentworth David E. , Zhou Bin , Liang Bo
Published: October 2023

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) enters the host cell by binding to angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). While evolutionarily conserved, ACE2 receptors differ across various species and differential interactions with Spike (S) glycoproteins of SARS‐CoV‐2 viruses impact species specificity. Reverse zoonoses led to SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreaks on multiple American mink (Mustela vison) farms during the pandemic and gave rise to mink‐associated S substitutions known for transmissibility between mink and zoonotic transmission to humans. In this study, we used bio‐layer interferometry (BLI) to discern the differences in binding affinity between multiple human and mink‐derived S glycoproteins of SARS‐CoV‐2 and their respective ACE2 receptors. Further, we conducted a structural analysis of a mink variant S glycoprotein and American mink ACE2 (mvACE2) using cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM), revealing four distinct conformations. We discovered a novel intermediary conformation where the mvACE2 receptor is bound to the receptor‐binding domain (RBD) of the S glycoprotein in a “down” position, approximately 34° lower than previously reported “up” RBD. Finally, we compared residue interactions in the S‐ACE2 complex interface of S glycoprotein conformations with varying RBD orientations. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of SARS‐CoV‐2 entry.
Angiolipoma an Uncommon Breast Mass in Men
Authors: Fullenkamp Austin , Paolini Brielle , Spruill Laura , Lewis Madelene
Published: October 2023

Angiolipomas are uncommon benign masses of the breast which are rarely described in the male breast. They do not have a typical mammographic appearance and can present with concerning features such as microcalcifications or irregular borders. Ultrasound is helpful in evaluating these masses most commonly appearing as oval, circumscribed, and hyperechoic. Clinical, radiological, and pathological information needs to be carefully evaluated as angiolipomas can be confused with malignant pathology. Three cases of angiolipomas of the male breast are reported in this study with mammographic, sonographic, and pathologic correlation.
Electronic System Design for a Bespoke Sports Training Equipment
Authors: Tunsoiu Nicolae , Doicin Cristian‐Vasile , Ulmeanu Mihaela‐Elena , Dugăeșescu Ileana , Tunsoiu Maria‐Cristina
Published: October 2023

A complex smart product is usually made up of three main systems, namely the mechanical, electronic, and software systems. The current paper proposes a targeted design structure for the electronic system of a bespoke training equipment, so that it enables customized training strategies for ball sports. This is achieved through innovative technical solutions which enable customizable ball trajectories through programmed rotational angles of the launching system. In this case, the electronic system provides focused solutions to determine and project the specific ball trajectories, while ensuring a high degree of repeatability. Selecting the appropriate electronic components, which facilitate and enhance the capabilities of hardware components, is key in order to create a bespoke and modular training equipment concept. In order to actuate and control custom 3D printed components, an adaptable electronic system is designed. In this case, the electronic system commands the actuation of the motors and controls the acquisition of data from various sensors for the proper functioning of the product prototype. For the design and manufacturing of the bespoke sports training equipment, principal and secondary motors are used, which actuate several components: a custom 3D printed launch blade; a microcontroller; a gyroscope for position management and control; a sensor for sending commands from a remote control; an Arduino board for communication between motors and the software application; switching sources; motor drivers.
Heat Transfer in 3D‐Printed Polymer Cylindrical Parts
Authors: Hrițuc Adelina , Mihalache Andrei Marius , Slătineanu Laurențiu , Dodun Oana , Nagîț Gheorghe
Published: October 2023

Among the interesting thermal properties of polymeric materials is questionable their ability to transfer heat. The last decades have shown a significant expansion of manufacturing parts from polymeric materials using 3D printing processes. It is known that these processes allow changing the values of some input factors in the 3D printing workflow, which also leads to a change in the way the polymer material is arranged in part and, therefore, to a change in the capacity of the polymer material to transmit heat. To better understand how the variation of some input factors in the 3D printing process can change the way heat is transferred in test samples of polylactic acid (PLA) manufactured by 3D printing, a relatively simple device is designed whereby one of the surfaces of the test sample comes into contact with an aluminum alloy part heated using electrical resistance. Recording images using an infrared video camera helped to complete the information on how heat is transmitted through the test sample.
Design of high‐efficiency broadband power amplifier based on split‐ring resonator input matching network
Authors: Song Yu , Liu Guohua , Cheng Zhiqun
Published: October 2023

In this letter, a novel design method of split‐ring resonator (SRR) as the input matching network (IMN) of power amplifier (PA) is proposed. Compared with conventional microstrip lines, SRR is capable of providing necessary harmonic short‐circuit while achieving broadband impedance matching. Applying the even–odd‐mode theory, the impedance transformation characteristics of SRR are analyzed and show SRR can perform accurate impedance matching. To verify the proposed method, a PA is designed and implemented, the input impedance of 10‐W GaN transistor is well matched to the source impedance by the SRR IMN in the operation band of 1.0–3.0 GHz. The measurement results show that the maximum drain efficiency of PA can reach 79.5% with 41.8 dBm of average output power in the operation band.
Who must adapt to whom? Contested discourses on human–wolf coexistence and their impact on policy in Spain
Authors: Pettersson Hanna L. , Holmes George , Quinn Claire H. , Sait Steven M. , Blanco Juan Carlos
Published: October 2023

Emerging nature restoration agendas are increasing the pressure on rural communities to coexist with expanding wildlife, including large carnivores. There are different interpretations of coexistence, stemming from divergent ways of conceptualising and relating to nature. Yet there is limited understanding of how and why certain interpretations become dominant, and how this influences conservation policy and practice.

This question is highly relevant for the management of wolves in Spain. Until recently, the national strategy allowed certain regional autonomy in creating and enacting coexistence policy, including through culling and sport hunting. However, in 2021, the national government declared wolves strictly protected throughout the country, despite strong contestations about whether and why it was necessary.

We studied the discursive processes that co‐produced this policy shift. First, we explored interpretations among communities that share, or will share, space with wolves, using qualitative field data. Second, we triangulated local interpretations with framings in public media to identify prominent discourses about coexistence. Third, we traced how these discourses interacted with Spanish conservation policy: who was heard and why.

We highlight three prominent discourses: wolf protectionism, traditionalism and pragmatism, each proposing a distinct pathway to coexistence with wolves. Through our policy analysis, we illuminate a dominance of protectionism within national politics, which justified a centralised technocratic pathway while downplaying place‐based approaches. The resulting coexistence policy was highly contested and appears to have increased social conflict over wolves.

Our findings reveal knowledge hierarchies within Spanish policy frameworks that promotes ‘mainstream’ conservationists' narrow interpretation of what nature and coexistence should be. This has perpetuated an apolitical approach that is focussed on mediating direct impacts from wolves, rather than conflicting worldviews, and that undermines efforts to promote dialogue and local stewardship. While our research is centred on Spain, the findings are of broad relevance since they reveal structural barriers that constrain the incorporation of diverse knowledge systems into conservation policy, and subsequent transformations towards socially just and locally adapted coexistence programmes.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
PVDF/MWCNTs/RGO@Fe3O4/AgNWs composite film with a bilayer structure for high EMI shielding and electrical conductivity
Authors: Tan Yanyan , Xue Yu , Li Kuntian , Liu Shan , Tan Fang , Wu Xiao , Qin Qingqing , Lei Ting , Yang Yuanyuan , Qin Shuhao , Zhang Daohai
Published: October 2023

With the renewal of electromagnetic shielding materials, conducting polymer electromagnetic shielding composites stand out. In the article, ferric tetraoxide‐modified reduced graphene oxide (RGO@Fe3O4), silver nanowires (AgNWs) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K30) were blended to form a solution colloid, and polyvinylidene fluoride/carbon nanotubes (PVDF/MWCNTs)‐3 wt% composite film was used as the substrate, then the PVDF‐based bilayer composite films were prepared by vacuum‐assisted filtration (VNF).When RGO@Fe3O4 was added in the amount of 10 mL, the electrical conductivity of PVDF/MWCNTs/RGO@Fe3O4‐10 bilayer composite film is 1.7 × 101 S·m−1, the total electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMI SET) was 20.4 dB, of which the absorption loss accounted for 82.4%, and the specific electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (SSE/t) was 590.9 dB/(cm2·g−1). After the addition of 25 mL AgNWs, the electrical conductivity of PVDF/MWCNTs/RGO@Fe3O4/AgNWs‐25 bilayer composite film up to 4.9 × 104 S·m−1, the EMI SET was 94.4 dB, of which the absorption loss accounted for 85.4%, and the specific electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (SSE/t) was 3629.3 dB/(cm2·g−1). It indicates that the electromagnetic shielding mechanism of both bilayer composite films is dominated by absorption loss. The addition of RGO@Fe3O4/AgNWs increases the electrical conductivity and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the bilayer composite films more than RGO@Fe3O4. The successful preparation of this bilayer composite film makes it possible to form lightweight superconducting nanoparticles from high‐density metal‐modified carbon‐based materials, which provides an easy method for the preparation of highly conductive electromagnetic shielding composites.

Highlights

In this article, well dispersed highly conductive‐doped nanomaterials Fe3O4@RGO were prepared and characterized by hydrothermal synthesis.

In this article, silver nanowires with good conductivity and high aspect ratio were prepared and characterized by liquid phase polyol method.

In this article, three‐dimensional mesh PVDF‐based bilayer composite films with more excellent electromagnetic shielding properties were prepared by solution blending and vacuum‐assisted filtration using PVDF/MWCNTs‐3 wt% composite films as substrates.

In this article, the electromagnetic shielding mechanism of bilayer composite films is discussed from the knowledge of three‐dimensional aspects.
Robust multi‐walled carbon nanotubes@thermoplastic polyurethane porous films with conductive fabrics for wearable triboelectric nanogenerators
Authors: Wang Haoxuan , Yang Jingwen , Umer Syed , Zhu Ning , Yang Guang , Li Yafang , Yan Jing
Published: October 2023

For sustainable wearable applications, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) should have the features of flexibility, robustness, biocompatibility, and integration. For this purpose, flexible TENGs were proposed using thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film with a porous structure and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) was incorporated to enhance the output performance by forming microcapatitors. The conductive fabric was embedded in the friction layer as electrodes, convenient for integration and wearing. Benefiting from the porous structure and microcapatitor effect, the results showed that the output voltage and current of TENG based on the MWCNT@TPU porous composite film increased to 41 V, and 12.4 μA when the concentration of TPU was 18 wt% and the concentration of MWCNT was 0.3 wt%, from the original 9 V and 1.5 μA for TENG with dense TPU film. The harvested electric energy was enough to light up 148 LEDs or 18 COBs, as well as charging capacitors for powering micro‐electronics. In addition, the TENG could be used for sensing emergency situations and identifying objects. Generally, the designed TENG provides new insights into investigating porous materials with flexibility for high performance energy harvesters.

Highlights

A wearable, integratable and durable triboelectric layer was developed.

The triboelectric layer was optimized by incorporating carbon nanotubes.

The outputs of TENG were improved by porous structure and microcapatitor effect.

The TENG had a great potential in energy harvesting and protective alarm system.
Whole exome germline sequencing in early‐onset prostate cancer patients: Genomic findings and clinical outcomes
Authors: Siegelmann‐Danieli Nava , Neiman Victoria , Bareket‐Samish Avital , Berger Racheli , Peretz Asaf , Alapi Hillel , Tsur Erez , Patalon Tal , Beller Daniella , Rimler Galit , Chodick Gabriel , Shohat Mordechai
Published: October 2023

Background

Whole exome sequencing (WES) furthered our understanding of various tumors. We assessed the occurrence of germline likely pathogenic/pathogenic (LP/P) variants, disease features, and clinical outcomes in early‐onset prostate cancer.

Methods

This retrospective study (N = 134) included consecutive prostate cancer patients who donated blood samples for research purposes to the Kahn‐Sagol‐Maccabi biobank. Patients diagnosed at >65 years were excluded. Clinical characteristics were extracted from the medical records. Germline WES was performed with analysis reporting on oncogenetic, two immunogenic, and a secondary minimum list panels (121, 468, 76, and 59 genes, respectively).

Results

Median age at diagnosis was 61 (range 46–65) years; 131 (98%) were diagnosed with local disease. The median follow‐up time from diagnosis was 14 (range <1–25) years. Of the patients with local disease, 32 (24%) and 10 (8%) had biochemical and distant recurrences, respectively. Twenty‐five patients (19%) had ≥1 additional cancer (excluding non‐melanoma skin cancer), most frequently bladder (6), colorectal (5), and lymphoma (5). Seven (5%) deaths were reported, with only one related to prostate cancer. LP/P variants were identified in 8 patients (6%), all in genes from the oncogenetic panel: ATM, BRCA1 (in two patients), BRCA2 (in two patients), HOXB13, MUTYH, and MYH7. Of these eight patients, with a median follow‐up of 7 years (range <1–15), two (25%) had biochemical recurrences, one had (12.5%) distant recurrence, and no deaths were reported.

Conclusions

In this cohort of 134 early‐onset prostate cancer patients, we identified germline LP/P variants in an oncogenetic panel in 6% of participants, with no unique clinical outcome.
Discovery of tryptanthrin analogues bearing F and piperazine moieties as novel phytopathogenic antibacterial and antiviral agents
Authors: Zhang Guang‐Long , Wang Zhen‐Chao , Li Cheng‐Peng , Chen Dan‐Ping , Li Zhu‐Rui , Li Yan , Ouyang Gui‐Ping
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

Plant bacterial infections and plant viruses seriously affect the yield and quality of crops. Based on the various activities of tryptanthrin, a series of tryptanthrin analogues bearing F and piperazine moieties were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their biological activities against three plant bacteria and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).

RESULTS

Bioassay results indicated that compounds 6a–6l displayed excellent antibacterial activities in vitro and 6a–6c and 6g exhibited better antiviral activities against TMV than commercial ribavirin. In particular, 6b showed the most effect on Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) with a half‐maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 1.26 μg mL−1, compared with the commercial pesticide bismerthiazol (BT; EC50 = 34.3 μg mL−1) and thiodiazole copper (TC; EC50 = 73.3 μg mL−1). Meanwhile, 6a also had the best antiviral activity at 500 μg mL−1 for curative, protection, and inactivation purposes, compared with ribavirin in vivo.

CONCLUSION

Compound 6b could cause changes in bacterial morphology, induce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, promote apoptosis of bacterial cells, inhibit the formation of biofilm, and block the growth of Xoo cells. Proteomic analysis revealed major differences in the bacterial secretory system pathways T2SS and T6SS, which inhibited membrane transport. Molecular docking revealed that 6a and 6g could interact with TMV coat protein preventing virus assembly. These results suggest that tryptanthrin analogues bearing F and piperazine moieties could be promising candidate agents for antibacterial and antiviral use in agricultural production. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Seismic sensor‐based management of the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus in date palm plantations
Authors: Mendel Zvi , Voet Hillary , Modan Nimrod , Naor Ravid , Ment Dana
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

The red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, is one of the gravest threats to palm trees. The challenge in monitoring RPW primarily arises from the inconspicuous presence of larvae within the stem, which is often devoid of noticeable symptoms. This study looks at the use of seismic sensors in RPW management in commercial date palm plantations. It explores whether the data garnered from the sensor domain, and its translation into the health status of date palms, can reliably inform precise decision‐making.

RESULTS

Sensor and damage index values, as gauged by the Agrint IoTree seismic sensor, vividly mirrored RPW colonization activity. They also accurately portrayed the impact of three distinct insecticides: imidacloprid, phosphine, and entomopathogenic nematodes. The seismic values and damage index of healthy untreated palms strongly supported the decision to pursue tree recovery. Furthermore, this facilitated the computation of recovery pace discrepancies across the tested treatments, measured as the number of days required for tree restoration.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings underscore the practicality of employing seismic sensors, as exemplified by the IoTree system and its network services, to both monitor and assess palm tree health. Furthermore, it validates their efficacy in evaluating the efficiency of management strategies adopted against RPW, all grounded in a wealth of sensor‐derived data. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Systematic Study and Review of InP‐based Tera‐Hertz‐ICs Fabrication Process Technology for Beyond 5G/6G Wireless Communication Networks
Authors: Tsutsumi Takuya , Sugiyama Hiroki , Hamada Hiroshi , Jyo Teruo , Shiratori Yuta , Hoshi Takuya , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Nakajima Fumito
Published: October 2023

Next‐generation “Beyond 5G (B5G)/6G” wireless network systems have been researched and developed for meeting the rapid growth of mobile traffic. A high‐yield fabrication process of InP‐based transistors and tera‐hertz monolithic integrated circuits with 300 GHz operation is reported, which is a candidate frequency for “Beyond 5G/6G” network systems. The main focus is on a high‐yield and reproductive fabrication process of InP‐based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) while revisiting previous studies. The DC and radio frequency characteristics of fabricated InP‐HEMTs from the viewpoint of integrating circuits are described. Then, high‐frequency performances offt = 280 GHz andfmax = 860 GHz in the bias conditions ofVgs/Vds = 0.2/1.1 V with good uniformity are obtained. Finally, InP‐based 300 GHz‐band mixer and power amplifiers are introduced, to which a backside process is also applied for ensuring their stability and enhancing output power.
Conceptual framework for analyzing the sustainability of socio‐ecological systems with a focus on ecosystem services that support water security
Authors: Gomez‐Jaramillo Yésica , Berrouet Lina , Villegas‐Palacio Clara , Berrio‐Giraldo Linda
Published: October 2023

Water security is a global concern sharpened by the biggest humanity challenge of climatic crisis. With the end of designing and implementing efficient and sustainable water management strategies, it is necessary to recognize the interdependence and coevolution between natural and social systems and understand how the double way relationships between these systems shape sustainability. The socio‐ecological systems (SES) sustainability approach is an alternative to this end. Conceptual challenges have been identified in the analysis of the sustainability of SES. These challenges include (i) A lack of clarity in the definition of SES sustainability, (ii) the non‐inclusion of some inherent SES characteristics that determine critical thresholds, and (iii) a lack of conceptual frameworks for analyzing the sustainability of SES and water security‐related ecosystem services. This study proposes a conceptual framework, based on a strong sustainability approach, for analyzing SES sustainability focusing on water security and addressing the above‐mentioned challenges. This conceptual development includes three elements: (i) the key thresholds to ensure ecological functionality; (ii) the benefits that society derives from ecological functioning and; (iii) the two‐way relationship between natural capital and social systems. Analyzing these three elements helps identification of different sustainability states of SESs, focusing on water security, in the presence of endogenous or exogenous drivers of change. The conceptualization and operationalization of SES sustainability focusing on water security allows the analysis of the trajectories of change and provides insights into the required water management strategies in the target territory.
Computational Investigation of the Intermolecular Interactions between Decatungstate Acid and CX2O (X=H, F, Cl, and Br)
Authors: Doust Mohammadi Mohsen , Abbas Faheem , Louis Hitler , Zeb Zonish , Akem Martilda U. , Benjamin Innocent
Published: October 2023

This study explores intermolecular interactions between the polyoxometalate (POM) compound, decatungstate acid, and CX2O (X=H, F, Cl, and Br). Initial optimizations were conducted using the PBE0 and M06‐2X /Lanl2DZ level of theory, renowned for adsorption studies. Computational results revealed a notable sequential increase in binding affinity for reactive compounds on POM surfaces optimized with PBE0, TPSSH, M06‐2X, CAM‐B3LYP, and ωB97XD/Lanl2Dz methods. Interestingly, the findings indicated a high binding affinity between reactive compounds and POM surfaces, affirming M06‐2X functional suitability for studying decatungstate acid interactions. Additionally, adsorption energy (Eads) values were negative, indicating stable adsorption processes. Careful examination of quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), natural charge calculations, and hybridization calculations unveiled impressive intermolecular interactions, with non‐covalent interactions (NCIs) revealing deep blue iso‐surfaces in (CH2O@POM) and (CF2O@POM) complexes, indicating significant electrostatic force of interaction and presence of hydrogen bond interactions, enhancing POM surface‘s gas interaction capacity and smooth sensing. The analyzed complexes displayed slight increases in HOMO‐LUMO energy gap compared to POM, with the order of increase as follows: CH2O@POM (0.0819 eV)>CF2O@POM (0.0772 eV)>CBr2O@POM (0.0747 eV)>CCl2O@POM (0.0705 eV), suggesting POM′s suitability as an adsorbent. The study‘s major findings reveal the effective adsorption of CBr2O and CH2O facilitated by hydrogen bond interactions on the POM surface, making decatungstate acid a potential adsorbent for removing polluting gases from the atmosphere.
The Effect of DBU on Microstructure and CO2 Absorption of EmimCl‐TEG and BmimCl‐TEG Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Chen Tingting , Xu Yingjie
Published: October 2023

Microstructure of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on EmimCl or BmimCl ionic liquid (IL) and triethylene glycol (TEG) was studied by FT‐IR spectra. The influence of 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) on CO2 absorption behavior and mechanism of DESs was investigated. FT‐IR spectra of pure EmimCl‐TEG and BmimCl‐TEG DESs show that O−H⋅⋅⋅Cl− hydrogen bond interaction formed by IL and TEG gradually strengths with the increase in the molar ratio of IL to TEG, resulting in a corresponding increase in viscosity. Due to the lack of a chemical interaction site, the CO2 absorption capacity of pure DESs at 313.2 K and 1.0 bar is only between 0.15 and 0.56 mol kg−1. Surprisingly, the addition of equimolar DBU to DESs can significantly improve the CO2 absorption capacity, which is up to 2.94 mol kg−1 at the maximum and similar to that of amine‐functionalized DESs. CO2 absorption mechanism characterized by FT‐IR spectra indicates that DBU can form hydrogen bond with O−H of TEG, which leads to deprotonation of O−H of TEG into basic anion under the synergistic effect of O−H⋅⋅⋅Cl− hydrogen bond to achieve efficient CO2 chemisorption via carbonate formation. The obtained results provide a strategy for effectively improving the CO2 capture capacity of EmimCl‐TEG and BmimCl‐TEG DESs.
Hybrid Acid/Base Electrolytic Cell for Hydrogen Generation and Methanol Conversion Implemented by Bifunctional Ni/MoN Nanorod Electrocatalyst
Authors: Rao Chaoming , Wang Haijian , Chen Kai , Chen Haiyan , Ci Suqin , Xu Qiuhua , Wen Zhenhai
Published: October 2023

Combining the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) within an integrated electrolytic system may offer the advantages of enhanced kinetics of the anode, reduced energy consumption, and the production of high‐purity hydrogen. Herein, it is reported the construction of Ni─MoN nanorod arrays supported on a nickel foam substrate (Ni─MoN/NF) as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for electrocatalytic hydrogen production and selective methanol oxidation to formate. Remarkably, The optimal Ni─MoN/NF catalyst displays exceptional HER performance with an overpotential of only 49 mV to attain 10 mA cm−2 in acid, and exhibits a high activity for MOR to achieve 100 mA cm−2 at 1.48 V in alkali. A hybrid acid/base electrolytic cell with Ni─MoN/NF electrode as anode and cathode is further developed for an integrated HER–MOR cell, which only requires a voltage of 0.56 V at 10 mA cm−2, significantly lower than that of the HER–OER system (0.70 V). The density functional theory studies reveal that the incorporation of Ni effectively modulates the electronic structure of MoN, thereby resulting in enhanced catalytic activity. The unique combination of high electrocatalytic activity and excellent stability make the Ni─MoN/NF catalyst a promising candidate for practical applications in electrocatalytic hydrogen production and methanol oxidation.
Linkage Effect Induced by Hierarchical Architecture in Magnetic MXene‐based Microwave Absorber
Authors: Cai Lei , Jiang Haojie , Pan Fei , Liang Hongsheng , Shi Yuyang , Wang Xiao , Cheng Jie , Yang Yang , Zhang Xiang , Shi Zhong , Wu Hongjing , Lu Wei
Published: October 2023

Hierarchical architecture engineering is desirable in integrating the physical‐chemical behaviors and macroscopic properties of materials, which present great potential for developing multifunctional microwave absorption materials. However, the intrinsic mechanisms and correlation conditions among cellular units have not been revealed, which are insufficient to maximize the fusion of superior microwave absorption (MA) and derived multifunctionality. Herein, based on three models (disordered structure, porous structure, lamellar structure) of structural units, a range of MXene‐aerogels with variable constructions are fabricated by a top‐down ice template method. The aerogel with lamellar structure with a density of only 0.015 g cm−3 exhibits the best MA performance (minimum reflection loss: −53.87 dB, effective absorption bandwidth:6.84 GHz) at a 6 wt.% filling ratio, which is preferred over alternative aerogels with variable configurations. This work elucidates the relationship between the hierarchical architecture and the superior MA performance. Further, the MXene/CoNi Composite aerogel with lamellar structure exhibits >90% compression stretch after 1000 cycles, excellent compressive properties, and elasticity, as well as high hydrophobicity and thermal insulation properties, broadening the versatility of MXene‐based aerogel applications. In short, through precise microstructure design, this work provides a conceptually novel strategy to realize the integration of electromagnetic stealth, thermal insulation, and load‐bearing capability simultaneously.
Effectiveness of FRP confinement for low strength recycled aggregate concrete compressive members having optimized combination of fibers
Authors: Raza Ali , Elhag Ahmed Babeker , Ouni Mohamed Hechmi El , Arshad Muhammad
Published: October 2023

The quantity of recycled concrete aggregates is increasing day by day due to the enhanced demolition rate of old infrastructures, which is dangerous to the environment's sustainability. Therefore, it is essential to handle these recycled aggregates for sustainable development. Furthermore, due to the low compressive strength (COS) of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), it has always remained an active research area to ameliorate the mechanical performance of such concrete by either adding fibers and/or laterally confining with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (carbon‐FRP) wraps. The main objective of the current investigation is to improve the strength of hybrid fiber‐reinforced recycled aggregate concrete (HFRAC) transversely wrapped with carbon‐FRP wraps. The axial COS, axial strain, and compressive stress–strain graphs of the tested samples were assessed by manufacturing a total sum of 18 cylindrical samples wrapped with either one or two carbon‐FRP wraps. Two different grades of HFRAC were fabricated that is, 15 and 20 MPa containing hybrid fibers (steel and polypropylene fibers). The results showed that the transverse wrapping effectively ameliorated the axial strain, COS, and axial stiffness of HFRAC samples. By using a single layer of carbon‐FRP wraps, an enhancement of 115.7% was observed while using two layers of carbon‐FRP wraps, an enhancement of 130.7% was observed in the COS of 15 MPa group HFRAC samples. Similarly, by using a single layer of carbon‐FRP wraps, an enhancement of 37.4% occurred while using two layers of carbon‐FRP wraps, an enhancement of 112.6% occurred in the COS of 20 MPa group HFRAC samples. Hence, the lateral wrapping of low‐strength HFRAC is more efficient than the high‐strength HFRAC. A theoretical investigation based on the analysis of 11 different models was also performed to predict the COS of carbon‐FRP‐wrapped HFRAC samples.
Quantification of red soil macropores affected by slope erosion and sediment using computed tomography
Authors: Zhang Si‐Yi , He Bin , Hao Beibei , Lv Depeng
Published: October 2023

Soil structure is an important factor interacting with soil erosion and sediment processes. However, few studies have focused on the relationship between soil macroporosity and soil erosion across different terrains. The aim of this study was to quantify and compare soil properties and macroporosity characteristics in collapsing gully areas and to explore their impact on the formation and development of collapsing gullies. Soil cores were excavated at different positions of a typical collapsing gully and then scanned to analyze soil macropores. Soil properties and saturated hydraulic conductivity were also investigated. The results showed that the contents of sand, silt, and clay, the mean weight diameter of aggregates, and the infiltrate rates varied at different positions. The valley had the greatest macroporosity (1.09% ± 0.33%), the number (5919 ± 703), volume (1468 ± 194 mm3), and surface area (10.4 ± 2.6 m2) of macropores, as well as the mean volume (16.8 ± 7.4 mm3) of macropores >1 mm3, whereas these indices were lowest at the slope (0.15% ± 0.14%, 1189 ± 747, 266 ± 188 mm3, 1.7 ± 1.4 m2, and 10.6 ± 2.9 mm3, respectively). The macroporosity and the number of macropore decreased with increasing depth but were also influenced by the erosion and sediment processes. The processes of sediment and the roots of vegetation also influenced the orientation of the macropores. Macropore characteristics at different sites of the collapsing gullies affected the soil water infiltration and hydraulic conductivity and further affected the processes of water erosion and mass erosion.
Pen portraits of Presidents – Prof. Henry Charnock, CBE, FRS
Authors: Gould W. John
Published: October 2023

This paper reviews the life of Prof. Henry Charnock. He was a President of the Royal Meteorological Society (1982–1984) whose expertise spanned both the atmosphere and ocean. He started as a meteorological forecaster with the Royal Air Force during WWII and went on to study air–sea interaction and the structure of the upper ocean. He later exerted considerable influence on the shape of both United Kingdom and international marine science.
A Multi-Epoch Processing Strategy for PPP-RTK Users
Authors: Khodabandeh A. , Teunissen P. J. G. , Psychas D.
Published: October 2023

The present contribution aims to address why the stochastic model of the PPP-RTK user-filter is misspecified, and how one can limit the precision-loss associated with user parameter solutions. By developing tools for measuring the stated precision-loss under existing formulations of the user’s Kalman filter, we propose an alternative formulation that recursively delivers close-to-minimum-variance filtered solutions when certain conditions hold. Such conditions are discussed, and their impact on the user ambiguity-resolved positioning performance is illustrated by supporting numerical results.
Planets: A History of Observing Worlds and Changing Worldviews
Authors: Shindell Matthew
Published: October 2023

As cultural and scientific objects, the planets have been understood differently by people across cultures and time periods. The physical understanding of the planets, their origins, natures, movements, and relationship to Earth has changed considerably over time. An historical examination of these changes, beginning with a few examples from the ancient world and then focusing primarily on the European and American contexts from the medieval world to the present, illustrates that the planets are windows into the worldviews and preoccupations of the culture in which planetary ideas and understandings originated. There have also been changes to how historians understand the practice and purpose of planetary observations and theories during these periods, and these changes are addressed in each section.