bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Investigation on Small Hole Drilling-Grinding in Glass and Ceramic
Authors: Quan Yan Ming , Chen Jia Jia , Xu Hao
Published: August 2010

Making holes in glass or ceramic with conventional twist drills is difficult because of the hard and brittle properties of the workpieces, but the drilling-grinding process with diamond core-tools has found application in the field due to its high efficiency and low cost. However, small hole drilling-grinding with the core tools is still a challenge because the small core tools have a limited strength and chip-removal capacity. In this paper, the small hole drilling-grinding in glass and ceramic by diamond core-tools with 4mm diameter is experimentally investigated, the drilling-grinding force and heat are measured and calculated, the performances of two types of electroplating diamond core tools are compared.
Effect of Shear and Thermal Characteristics on Chemical Mechanical Polishing
Authors: Tsai Hung Jung , Horng Jeng Haur , Tsai Hung Cheng , Chiu Shun Jung , Huang Pay Yau
Published: August 2010

Chemical mechanical polishing has been widely used to achieve global planarization of wafers. In this paper, an improved designed test rig is used to acquire the signals on chemical mechanical polishing. The shear force and temperature-rise are measured during chemical mechanical polishing process. The polishing temperature is measured by T-type thermocouples screwed behind the polishing interface of the carrier. The shear force is measured by a load transducer mounted on the lever and connected with the polishing head. The parameters including down force, rotation speed, particle size and volume flow rate of slurry are investigated. The experimental results provide a good index to end-point-detection. The theoretical simulation by the average lubrication equation coincides with the experimental results. This study contributes to the understanding of chemical mechanical polishing mechanism.
Two Dimensional Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Chemo-Mechanical Grinding of Si Wafer
Authors: Wang Zhen Zhong , Wu Yong Bo , Zhou Li Bo , Guo Yin Biao , Wu Chen Xu
Published: August 2010

As a new fixed-abrasive machining method, chemo-mechanical grinding (CMG) is developed from chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), with the obvious advantage of geometric accuracy determinacy and no slurry. To improve material removal rate and enhance the popularity of CMG, this paper introduces a combined grinding method, i.e., two dimensional ultrasonic vibration assisted CMG (2D-UACMG). Si wafer is taken as the workpiece and the influence of ultrasonic vibration modes and process parameters on the surface roughness and the material removal is examined. The results show 2D-UACMG can obtain better surface quality with little surface damage at nanometer level compared with the conventional CMG without the ultrasonic vibration.
A Study on Multi-Objective Optimization of Abrasive Blasting Systems
Authors: Pi Vu Ngoc , Duc Tran Minh
Published: August 2010

This paper introduces a study on a multi-objective optimization problem of abrasive blasting systems. The aim of the study is to find the optimum exchanged diameter of boron carbide nozzles. In the study, the effects of several parameters such as the maximum nozzle diameter, the nozzle wear and the cost components on the optimum initial nozzle diameter were taken into account. From the study, a regression model for determination of the optimum initial diameter of boron carbide nozzles was introduced.
Experimental Investigation on Effects of Passivants in the Abrasive-Free Polishing of Copper Film
Authors: Tsai Jhy Cherng , Lin Wei Ching
Published: August 2010

Abrasive Free Polishing (AFP) is a polishing technology without abrasives and widely employed in copper-base semiconductor fabrications. This paper investigates the effect of passivants, added to the slurry, on the material removal rate (MRR) and the non-uniformity (NU) via experiments. Two kinds of passivants, Benzotriazole (BTA) and citric acid (CA) are added to the slurry for the experiments. Experimental results showed that the MRR increases when polishing pressure increases while NU decreases at the same time. Both MRR and NU tends to increase when rotational speed increases, though MRR and NU at 40 rpm are lower than that at 30 and 50 rpm in the slurry with CA. Experimental data also showed that AFP using the slurry with CA performs better than that with BTA.
Development of Three-Dimensional Dynamometer for Wafer Grinder
Authors: Zhu Xiang Long , Kang Ren Ke , Wang Yong Qing , Guo Dong Ming
Published: August 2010

Grinding forces during grinding silicon wafer have great influences on the accuracy, surface quality and grinding yield of the wafer. It is necessary to develop an accurate and reliable grinding dynamometer for measuring and monitoring the grinding process of the large and thin wafer. In this work, a new 3D (three-dimensional) grinding dynamometer using piezoelectric sensors is designed and developed, which is used for a wafer grinder based on wafer rotating grinding method. The calibrating experiments of the 3D grinding dynamometer are carried out. The FEA and modal analysis are made and compared with the results of mode testing. Furthermore, the static performance parameters of the dynamometer are obtained from the loading experiment. The experiment results indicate that the 3D grinding dynamometer can measure axial, radial and tangential grinding force of grinding wheel with high sensitivity, good linearity, good repeatability and high natural frequency, and fully satisfied requirement for measuring and monitoring of the grinding force in wafer grinding process.
Study on Application of Taguchi Method to Ultrasonic-Aided Spin Welding of Heterogeneous Plastic Materials
Authors: Shu Kuen Ming , Chang Chih Shiang , Chuang Wei Jun , Wang Shi Iun , Jang Yau Yheng
Published: August 2010

The Taguchi Method was applied in this study to discuss the mechanical strength of heterogeneous plastic materials by ultrasonic-aided spin welding. Two heterogeneous plastic workpieces were rotated by a high speed motor, to make the top of conducting energy angle generate the high temperature due to friction. When the thermoplastic material reached the heat distortion temperature, a proper pressure was exerted on another material, the surface would be welded in a semi-melted state. Then the process conditions of ultrasonic welding were arranged by using the standard orthogonal table of Taguchi Method, and the temperature of the contact friction surface could be increased by the excitation of ultrasonic transducers as well as magnified and displaced by sound wave welding head. The optimal value of tensile strength was obtained by using the Large-the-Best characteristic of the Taguchi Method to obtain the important control factors of this experiment; a validation experiment was carried out by using the adjusted factors.
Investigation of Eco-Friendly Fixed-Abrasive Polishing with Compact Robot
Authors: Ogawa Sachiko , Okumura Shinpei , Hirogaki Toshiki , Aoyama Eiichi , Onchi Yoshiaki
Published: August 2010

Rising demand for sustainable development motivated our eco-friendly polishing method. In this study, fixed-abrasive polishing using a compact robot was proposed based on a new approach that includes the idea of secondary tools. The effectiveness of using a compact robot was investigated by life cycle assessment for eco-friendly polishing processing. The actual polishing process was carried out with low pressure to determine the potential of the proposed polishing method. As a result, low-environmental-load processing was achieved by machine downsizing without affecting the processing results by designing an independent pressure mechanism along the equipment’s main axis. The nano-surface could also be obtained with this method for glass material.
Research on the With-In Wafer Non-Uniformity (WIWNU) of the Large Quadrate Optic in the Fast Polishing Process
Authors: Guo Yin Biao , Yang Wei , Chen Zhen , Peng Yun Feng
Published: August 2010

In this paper, the with-in-wafer non-uniformity (WIWNU) of the lager quadrate optic in the fast polishing process (FPP) is discussed from the machine side. At the machine side, the non-uniform stress on the wafer surface is the major reason for the non-uniform material removal rate which results in the WIWNU. Stresses arise mainly from two sources, namely the pressure exerted by the polishing pad and shear stress due to the relative motion between the wafer and pad. Based on the special chemical mechanical polishing FPP, the kinematic motion of the wafer is analyzed and the non-uniform stress is analyzed by a 3D axisymmetric quasi-static model. The WIWNU can be reduced by adjusting the stress.
Gear Finishing and Modification Compound Process by Pulse Electrochemical Finishing with a Moving Cathode
Authors: Pang Gui Bing , Xu Wen Ji , Zhou Jin Jin , Li Dian Ming
Published: August 2010

Gears’ surface quality and modification characteristic have an important influence on its working performance. Pulse Electrochemical Finishing (PECF) could get excellent surface topography. In this project, PECF with a scanning cathode is used to finishing the cylinder gear. Tooth profile modification is realized by PECF with an uneven interelectrode gap distribution along the tooth profile and tooth lead modification is realized by PECF with a variable moving velocity of the cathode. The experimental results show that the tooth surface roughness could be decreased from Ra 3.9μm to Ra 0.35μm, which means that the PECF process possesses the finishing ability for the raw surface tooth, and the difference of material removal of PECF with an uneven interelectrode gap distribution could be 46μm and the material removal could be controlled by regulating the moving velocity of the cathode, which means tooth profile and lead modification could be realized by PECF.
Numerical Simulation on Two-Step Isothermal Glass Lens Molding
Authors: Yin Shao Hui , Zhu Ke Jun , Wang Yu Fang , Chen Feng Jun , Wang Yu
Published: August 2010

Glass lens molding is an effective approach to produce precision micro aspheric glass lens at high efficiency. In this paper, a new two-step isothermal glass molding process was proposed. The mechanisms of new molding process were analyzed. Finite element simulation was conducted to analyze the key factors such as the pressing load, die damage, molding time and residual stress of lens during the traditional molding and the two-step isothermal molding. The results showed that the two-step isothermal glass lens molding process may decrease residual stress and improve stress and strain distribution. Furthermore, prolong the service life of die.
Elliptical Ultrasonic Assisted Grinding (EUAG) of Monocrystal Sapphire – Wear Behaviors of Resin Bond Diamond Wheel
Authors: Wu Yong Bo , Liang Zhi Qiang , Wang Xi Bin , Lin Wei Min
Published: August 2010

This paper describes the wear behaviors of a resin bond diamond wheel in elliptical ultrasonic assisted grinding (EUAG) of monocrystal sapphire. The EUAG is a new grinding method proposed by the present authors in which an elliptical ultrasonic vibration is imposed on the workpiece by using an elliptical ultrasonic vibrator. In our previous work, an experimental apparatus mainly composed of the vibrator was produced and grinding experiments were conducted involving sapphire workpiece. In this paper, further investigations focusing on the wear behaviors of resin bond diamond wheel in EUAG of sapphire were carried out experimentally. The obtained results showed that: (1) the wheel wear process can be divided to three regions according to the variation trend of grinding forces, i.e., an initial region, a steady region, and a deteriorated region; (2) in the initial and steady regions, the grinding forces and the ratio of the normal grinding force to the tangential grinding force in EUAG are much smaller than that in conventional grinding (CG), but in deteriorated region, the grinding forces in EUAG are increased significantly up to be larger than that in CG whereas the grinding forces ratio has few difference between those in EUAG and CG; (3) in all the regions, the work-surface in EUAG is much smoother than that in CG whereas the wheel wear has little influence on the work-surface roughness; (4) the wheel wear in CG is mainly caused by the attrition wear and the macro-fracture and pullout of abrasive grains, while in EUAG by the micro-fracture and cleavage of abrasive grains.
Effect of Wheel Arrangement on Ground Surface Topography in Horizontal-Axis-Type Rotary Surface Grinding
Authors: Kubo Akihiko , Tamaki Junichi , Sharif Ullah A.M.M.
Published: August 2010

Two grinding methods, parallel grinding and cross grinding, were applied to the horizontal-axis-type rotary surface grinding of silicon and tungsten carbide. It was found that the cross grinding method results in better ground surface roughness than parallel grinding for the silicon wafer and that an isotropic ground surface topography is achieved for both silicon and tungsten carbide by cross grinding.
Intermittent Grinding of Advanced Ceramic with the T-Tool Grinding Wheel
Authors: Tawakoli Taghi , Azarhoushang Bahman
Published: August 2010

The application of advanced ceramics in high-tech industries is increasing considerably due to their superior properties. However the difficulties involved and manufacturing costs have been impediments to the widespread replacement of metals by the advanced ceramics. One of the main targets in grinding of these materials is increasing the machining efficiency while preserving the surface integrity. Hence in order to reduce the grinding forces and temperatures and increase the material removal rate, a specially designed segmented wheel (T-Tool) has been developed. Reducing the static cutting edges via segmenting the wheel which automatically leads to reduction of momentarily engaging cutting edges results in a reduction of rubbing and plowing regimes and therefore a decrease in the specific grinding energy. The obtained results show that the application of the T-Tool wheel can increase the G-ratio and decrease the grinding forces considerably. A decrease of up to 35% of grinding forces has been achieved.
Investigation on Material Property of Electrically Conductive Polycrystalline Composite Diamond (EC-PCD)
Authors: Iwai Manabu , Ninomiya Shinichi , Sugino Gaku , Suzuki Kiyoshi
Published: August 2010

Electrically conductive polycrystalline composite diamond (EC-PCD) material, which consists of electrically conductive diamond grits, has recently been developed for the purpose of providing the material with both excellent tool property and machinability. This paper deals with the material property and the wear characteristics of EC-PCD. The result shows that the EC-PCD is superior in heat resistance compared with the conventional PCD. And the EC-PCD shows low frictional wear at high temperature in sliding test against stainless steel disk. Furthermore, in a cutting test of aluminum alloy, the EC-PCD cutting tool shows the same wear characteristics as the conventional PCD tool.
Processing EC-PCD by Constant-Force Grinding Assisted with EDM
Authors: Sugino Gaku , Iwai Manabu , Sano Tadakazu , Ninomiya Shinichi , Suzuki Kiyoshi
Published: August 2010

A new PCD (electrically conductive PCD: EC-PCD) consisting of electrically conductive diamond particles has recently been developed. The authors have proposed a complex grinding assisted with electrical discharge machining (EDM) where discharge machining and grinding are used in combination during material removal to realize high efficiency, low and stable grinding force and low wheel wear for the EC-PCD. In this study, the effect of constant-force grinding in a complex grinding assisted with electrical discharge machining of EC-PCD was investigated. As a result, it was found that higher material removal rate, higher grinding ratio and better surface condition were obtained on EC-PCD compared with standard PCD (S-PCD) in the constant-force grinding.
Ultra High Speed Turning of Inconel 718 with Sialon Ceramic Tools
Authors: Zheng Guang Ming , Zhao Jun , Song Xin Yu , Yan Cao Qing , Li Yue En
Published: August 2010

This paper explores the wear mechanisms of a Sialon ceramic tool in ultra high speed turning of Nickel-based alloy Inconel 718. Microstructures of the chips are also investigated. Stereo optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) are employed to observe worn surfaces of the tool produced by various wear mechanisms and morphological features of chips. In addition, the elemental compositions of wear products are evaluated by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). As a result of the study, wear mechanisms identified in the machining tests involve adhesive wear and abrasive wear. At the initial stage of cutting process, crater wear and flank wear are the main wear patterns. At the rapid wear stage, the SEM and EDS results showed that the adhered elements of Inconel 718 alloy on the tool rake face such as Ni, Fe and Cr accelerated the tool wear rate. Meanwhile, it was found that the chip morphology was serrated type under ultra high speed cutting condition, furthermore, the tendency of serration of the chip increased with the increase in cutting speed and feed rate.
Condition Monitoring in a Machine Tool Spindle Using Wireless Sensor
Authors: Ho Chao Ching , Kuo Tzu Hsin , Tsai Tsung Ting
Published: August 2010

The development of robust condition monitoring system for a machine tool spindle is an important task because the spindle has a significant effect on the processing quality. This paper presents the architecture of data acquisition system for detecting spindle vibration in turning processes in order to develop an on-line condition monitoring system. In this work, a solar-powered wireless sensor system is installed inside the spindle and is used to monitor the machine tool processing state in real time, thereby improving the processing quality. Accelerometer sensors are employed to estimate tool wear; these sensors monitor the vibration of the spindle. The vibration monitoring data of the high-speed spindle is wirelessly transmitted to an external information device in real time. As an alternative to sensors that employ wired power transmission, a solar energy transmission system has been developed to provide the required electric power to the sensor system. The experimental results show that the proposed system successfully measures the vibration frequency of the rotational machine tool spindle.
CIMDW – A New Technique of Corona Ignited Micro-Discharge in Microwelding
Authors: Liao Yunn Shiuan , Lin J.Y. , Chung Y.C. , Yang T.Y.
Published: August 2010

Microtechnologies have been vigorously developed recently. Micro products have been widely used in many fields, for instance, the sensors in electronic, medical, optical and automotive applications. Thermocouples, which are used for temperature measurement, are usually fabricated by utilizing the joining technology of argon arc welding. However, the weld bead is so big that the conductivity and repeatability of temperature signals would be degraded. Laser welding may fix the weld bead problem, but the cost of equipment is relatively high. This study is about butt-welding thin brass wire of 250 m by mean of micro discharge. At first a low temperature plasma torch is formed to ignited arc, then discharge happens to complete the welding. Argon is added at ambient atmosphere during the welding process. The joined interfaces and heat affect zone of the welding is examined by optical and scanning electronic microscopies. Tensile and hardness tests as well as the microscopy examination indicate that this technology is feasible for thin brass welding. The features of this technology include low cost, easy to maneuver, and applicable in industry. This CIMDW technology offer choice for the applications of micro discharge in the field of microtechnology.
Grindability of Micro Pyramid-Structured Surface for Various Hard and Brittle Materials
Authors: Xie Jin , Lu Y.X. , Zhuo Y.W.
Published: August 2010

A novel grinding approach of micro pyramid-structured surface is proposed by using a 60º V-tip of #600 diamond grinding wheel in CNC system. The research objective is to understand the micro grindability of various hard and brittle materials including quartz glass, silicon, SiC ceramics and WC alloy. First, a CNC mutual-wear truing approach was developed to sharpen the wheel V-tip; then, the wheel V-tip was employed to pattern the micro pyramidal array on workpiece surface along CNC tool paths; finally, the machined micro-structured surface and its form accuracy and aspect ratio were investigated. It is shown that this CNC mutual-wear truing approach can not only produce a V-shaped diamond grinding wheel, but also sharpen the diamond grain edges on the wheel V-tip. This wheel V-tip may be used to machine the micron-scale pyramid arrays on silicon, SiC ceramics and WC alloy surfaces with CNC level reticulated cross tool paths, the depth of cut of 1 m and on-machine V-tip form-truing process. Although the average form error of machined micro-structured surface is very small, its pyramidal tops and groove bottoms appear very large form errors, which are dominated by the wheel V-tip sharpness and the grinding conditions, respectively. This leads to a decrease in the aspect ratio by about 38%, 30% and 14% in contrast to the ideal one of 0.87 for silicon, SiC ceramics and WC alloy, respectively.
Grinding Characteristic Research of High Efficiency Deep Grinding for Viscous Material
Authors: Sheng Xiao Min , Guo Li , Tang Kun , Mi Hai Qing , Yu Jian Wu , Chen Tao
Published: August 2010

Focusing on the characteristic of hard-to-grinding for viscous materials, such as titanium alloy, systemic process experiments were done about grinding viscous materials, such as TC4 titanium alloy, under the high efficiency deep grinding (HEDG). Based on the analysis to the changing and characteristic of unit area grinding force F' with maximum undeformed chip thickness hmax and equivlent cutting thickness aeq , this paper discussed the changing of its material removal mode and analyzed the changing and characteristic of grinding force ratio N, specific grinding energy es with corresponding parameters further. Then, it was analyzed about the consumption of grinding power on the process of HEDG for TC4 titanium alloy. The experiment results reveal that application of HEDG can improve machining efficiency of grinding viscous materials.
Effect of Aged AlN Reinforced Al-Si Alloys on Dry Sliding Wear Behaviour
Authors: Ghazali Mariyam Jameelah , Wahab Mahamad Noor , Daud Abdul Razak , Ghani Jaharah A.
Published: August 2010

Dry sliding wear properties of aluminum nitride (AlN) reinforced aluminum silicon (Al-Si) alloy were investigated by using a pin-on-disc configuration tester. In this work, different weight percentages (5 and 10 wt%) of AlN was added into the Al-Si alloys. The samples were prepared by a stir casting process via a bottom pour technique which was then aged with a T6 condition prior to the wear test. Detailed analyses on the morphologies were conducted using scanning electron microscope (SEM) with the aid of an energy dispersive x-ray analyser (EDX). Prior to the heat treatment, the distribution of hard aluminum nitride particles that surrounded the Si phase had improved the hardness of the composites by 15%. The hardness value was found to be significantly increased about 80% for aged samples compared to un-aged samples. This was mainly contributed from precipitations of Si grain and intermetallic compounds; Mg2Si and FeSiAl5 formation in the alloys. Thus, a significant increased in wear resistance up to 56% was also observed especially at the highest applied load of 70N. Surface investigation by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that a combination of abrasion and adhesion wear mechanism was dominant for both un-aged and aged samples.
Study on the Cutting Force, Temperature and Residual Stress in Milling the New Rotor Steel
Authors: Chen Ming , Zou Bin , Zhang Shu Qiao , Rong Bin , Liu Gang
Published: August 2010

According to the morphological characteristic of the new rotor steel, the cutting temperature and cutting forces generated by milling were investigated. The cutting temperature and forces resulted in the changes of the microstructure and residual stress of the machined surface. The tensile residual stress in the machined surface was affected more remarkably by the cutting temperature than cutting forces. In the microstructure of the machined surface, the larger plastic deformation in the machined surface and martensitic damage in the subsurface were also observed, which favored the higher tensile residual stress.
Electromigration Analysis and Electro-Thermo-Mechanical Design for Package-on-Package (POP)
Authors: Hsu Hsiang Chen , Ju Shen Wen , Lu Jie Rong , Wan Yue Min
Published: August 2010

An electro-thermo coupling finite element model is developed to investigate the electromigration and electro-thermo-mechanical effects on electronic packaging. Sn4.0Ag0.6Cu (SAC405) solder ball are commonly used on POP package in this research. Current density arising in the Copper trace above SAC405 solder ball implies the hot spot where results in an electromigration along the current direction. Finite element predictions reveal the peak electro-thermo-mechanical effective stress is located at the regions where electromigration potentially occurred. Current crowding, temperature distribution and electro-thermo induced effective stress distribution are predicted. A submodel scheme is applied for evaluation of equivalent life time of solder ball. Reliability analysis on electro-thermo-mechanical for SAC405 solder ball is evaluated.
Study on Deformation and Damage of Single Crystal MgO by Micro-Scratch
Authors: Dong Zhi Gang , Kang C.W.
Published: August 2010

Scratch experiments were performed on MgO (001) plane along different crystallographic orientations with the gradually increased forces to investigate the deformaton and damage of MgO. The normal and lateral forces during scratch, as well as the topography characteristics of the residual scratch along different crystallographic orientations were compared and analyzed. The cracks propagation around the scratch were studied. The patterns of cracks and scratches were found to be very different when scratching along different crystallographic orientations. The mechanism of cracks forming beside the scratches on single crystal MgO was discussed.
Experimental Study on Friction Characteristics of Hot-Pressing Matrix and Granite under Dry Sliding Conditions
Authors: Duan Long Chen , Xu Shao Lin , Shi Hao , Li Jun Ping
Published: August 2010

In order to understand the friction characteristics of hot-pressing bit matrix and granite under dry sliding conditions, the influence law of hardness and diamond concentration to the friction coefficient was analyzed and discussed with the data of friction coefficient and torque under different conditions. Three groups of hot-pressing matrix samples of different hardness and three groups of hot-pressing matrix samples with different diamond concentration were chosen. The friction and wear tests were carried out between hot-pressing matrix samples and granite samples. The results showed that the friction torque and coefficient firstly increased, and then decreased with the increase of hardness in dry friction experiments between granite sample and matrix sample without diamond. Compared with data from matrix sample without diamond, the friction torque and friction coefficient decreased significantly when test was carried between granite sample and impregnated diamond matrix sample. The friction torque and coefficient increased with the increase of diamond concentration.
Dressing of Monolayer Brazed Diamond Wheel for Grinding Li-Ti Ferrite
Authors: Su Hong Hua , Fu Yu Can , Xu Jiu Hua , Ding Wen Feng , Xu Hong Jun
Published: August 2010

The monolayer brazed diamond tools have recently been used increasingly in hard-brittle materials grinding because of their excellent grinding performances as long tool life, high material removal rate and large inter-grit chip space, etc. However, they possess an inherent shortcoming of the high roughness of the grinding surface. This work is an attempt to reduce the over-protruded grits of the monolayer brazed diamond wheel so that precision grinding operations can be executed effectively. In this investigation, the monolayer brazed diamond wheels with regular distribution pattern of grit have been dressed by a special conditioning process and used in precision grinding experiments on Li-Ti ferrite. The outcome of this attempt appeared highly encouraging. A substantial improvement of the ground surface roughness could be achieved with the dressed monolayer brazed diamond wheels.
Tool Wear of PVD Coated Carbide Tool when Finish Turning Inconel 718 under High Speed Machining
Authors: Yazid M.Z.A. , Che Hassan C.H. , Jaharah A.G. , Gusri A.I. , Ahmad Yasir M.S.
Published: August 2010

This paper reports the results of an experimental works, where Inconel 718, a highly corrosive resistant, nickel-based super alloy, was finish-turning under high speed conditions. The machining processes were carried out at three different cutting conditions (DRY, MQL 50 ml/h and MQL 100 ml/h), three levels of cutting speed (Vc=90, 120 and 150 m/min), two levels of feed rate (f=0.10 and 0.15 mm/rev) and two levels of cutting depth (d=0.30 and 0.50 mm). The tool wear and flank wear progression were monitored, measured and recorded progressively at various time intervals. The experiments indicated that MQL condition performs better than dry condition in term of tool life. Most of the tool failures during machining were due to gradual failure where abrasive and notching wear on the flank face was the dominant followed by, fracture on the flank edge and nose radius. Tool failure due to crater wear was not significant. Wear mechanism such as abrasive and adhesion were observed on the flank face and diffusion wear was observed on the rake face.
A Sustainability-Based Building Material Manufacturing Project for Post-Disaster Reconstruction: A Case Study
Authors: He Wei Yi , Yin Yi Lin , Zhong Wei
Published: August 2010

During a post-earthquake restoration and reconstruction process, a building material project could be initiated to respond the short supply speedily for social welfare. At the same time, the project would be generally profitable but less sustainable. By a case study, a trade-off process pertinent to raw material and manufacturing alternative with a building brick project is explored, and then an environmentally sustainable manufacturing system for meeting building brick demands is revealed by an economic analysis.
Effect of Finishing Temperature on Mechanical Properties of a Nb-Microalloyed Steel Sheet
Authors: Khaki Daavood Mirahmadi , Akbarzadeh A. , Abedi Amir
Published: August 2010

Thermo mechanical processing and controlled rolling of microalloyed steel sheets are affected by several factors. In this investigation, finishing temperature of rolling which is considered as the most effective parameters on the final mechanical properties of hot rolled products has been studied. For this purpose, three different finishing temperatures of 950, 900 and 850 °C below the non-recrystallization temperature and one temperature of 800 °C in the intercritical range were chosen. It is observed that decreasing the finishing temperature causes increase of strength and decrease of total elongation. This is accompanied by more grain refinement of microstructure and the morphology was changed from polygonal ferrite to acicular one. Findings of this research provide suitable connection among finishing temperature, microstructural features, and mechanical properties of hot rolled Nb-microalloyed steel sheets.
The Study on the Mechanical Characteristics of FRP Strengthened RC Beam
Authors: Zhang Xue Jun , Chen Xiao Zhen
Published: August 2010

The mechanical model of the FRP Strengthened RC beam is studied in this paper. According to the static equivalence principle, the equivalence elastic modulus of the FRP strengthened RC beam simplified model is obtained; by using modal equivalence principle, the equivalence density of the model is also obtained. The result of virtual FRP strengthened RC beam shows that the method in this paper can be used widely with high accuracy.
Study on the Anti-Sliding Attenuation Law of "Super-12.5" Up-Layer Bituminous Pavement
Authors: Cheng Ying Wei
Published: August 2010

The study on the Anti-sliding attenuation law of the up-layer bituminous pavement is of great practical significance. Through analyzing the effect factors which affect the anti-sliding performance of the up-layer bituminous pavement, combining with the investigation data of on-the-spot traffic volume and the testing data of on-the-spot transverse force coefficient, aiming at "Super-12.5" up-layer bituminous pavement this paper established an attenuation model of the anti-sliding performance. Using which, we can forecast the change of anti-sliding performance and serve the construction and maintenance of bituminous pavement.
Solvents Effect on the Structure and Properties of Thermosensitive Polyurethane/Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Networks
Authors: Lv Hai Ning , Qian Cheng , Xue Yuan , Cai Zai Sheng
Published: August 2010

poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPPAm) is a thermally sensitive polymeric material which exhibits large volume transition at temperatures around its lower critical solution temperature (LCST). To get a thermosensitive semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Networks(semi-IPNs), N- isopropylacrylamide (NIPPAm) was dispersed and synthesized with different crosslinking agent amount in thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU) solution. The resulting films were characterized in terms of swelling ration, surface contact angle, and scanning electron micrograph (SEM). The results showed that filming medium has great affect on the structure and swelling of PU/PNIPPAm composite film and the amount of crosslinking agent influents the miscibility of PU and PNIPPAm. Ethanol as filming medium makes the phase separation behavior of PNIPPAm insignificant in the films.
Research on Influence of Cavity Depth on Load Capacity of Heavy Hydrostatic Bearing in Variable Viscosity Condition
Authors: Zhang Yan Qin , Yang Xiao Dong , Li Hong Mei , Jiang Hui , Yu Xiao Yang , Shi Zhi Min
Published: August 2010

Owing to setting viscosity of lubrication oil as a constant value will lead errors in hydrostatic bearing calculation, the influence of cavity depth on load capacity of heavy static bearing is analyzed in variable viscosity condition. Firstly, viscosity-temperature equations of oil film are established; secondly, viscosity-temperature curve is fitted by B-Spline; finally, using finite volume method, hydrostatic pressure field and dynamic pressure field of heavy hydrostatic bearing is calculated with different cavity depth at the same velocity, and influence of cavity depth on load capacity is revealed. The results show that, were the cavity depth shallow enough(≤2mm), hydrostatic pressure and dynamic pressure of cavity would decline rapidly with the cavity depth increasing; whereas, were cavity deep enough(≥2mm), hydrostatic pressure and dynamic pressure of cavity would change little with the cavity depth extending. This numerical simulation reflects real distribution of bearing pressure appropriately, and provides a theoretical basis for hydrostatic bearing design and lectotype.
Process Optimization and Structural Characterization of Fe3Si Layer by Pulse Electrodeposition
Authors: Yang Hai Li , Gao Ai Min , Zhang Yu Zhu , Li Yun Gang , Tang Guo Zhang , Jia Kuo Wang , Wang Fu Jia
Published: August 2010

Fe3Si layer was prepared by pulse eletrodeposition of Si on the surface of non-oriented steel in molten salts. With an orthogonal test the optimal process parameters were determined: the formulation of salts was NaCl:KCl:NaF:SiO2=1:1:3:0.3(mole ratio), current density of 60 mA/ cm2, duty cycle of 30%, pulse period of 1000 s and a deposition time of 50 min, respectively. The compositional depth profile, the structure, the surface morphology and cross sectional micrograph of the layer were studied by glow discharge spectrometry (GDS), X ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscope (OM). The results showed that Si in the layer existed in the form of the gradient distribution. The phase structure of the layer was composed of the single-phase Fe3Si. The layer composed of equiaxed grains. The surface appeared smooth and dense, and with uniform thickness.
Application of Ultrasonic Wave Technology to Evaluate the Corrosion Depth of Concrete in Acid Rain Environment
Authors: Fan Ying Fang , Hu Zhi Qiang , Liu Jiang Lin
Published: August 2010

Deterioration of concrete exposed to acid rain environment will take a significant effect on the load carrying capacity and durability of the concrete structures. To evaluate the corrosion depth of concrete in acid rain environment, an experimental study was performed with ultrasonic wave technology in the laboratory. In the experiment, sulfate and nitric acid solutions are mixed to simulate the 3 pH levels (pH 3.5, pH 2.5 and pH 1.5) acid rain environments respectively. After being exposed to the simulated acid rain solutions for certain periods, a series of tests (including ultrasonic nondestructive test, Computerized Tomography (CT) test, compressive tests, etc.) were conducted. Damage depth, mass loss, axial compressive strength, and meso-structure of the concrete specimen under different corrosion state were achieved. It was shown that ultrasonic testing is a reliable nondestructive method to measure the damage depth of concrete. A bilinear regression model is proposed to predict the damage depth of concrete, which is in good correlation with testing results from both ultrasonic testing and CT test.
Effects of Sampling Substrate for Carbon Nanotubes Synthesis
Authors: Ding Zhao Yong , Sun Bao Min , Guo Yong Hong , Xu Bing Hao
Published: August 2010

Pyramid shaped pyrolysis flame is a new method for carbon nanotubes synthesis. Oxy-acetylene flame outside the frustum of pyramid shaped reactor provides the necessary high temperature environment, while carbon monoxide is used as the source of carbon, iron pentacarbonyl (Fe(CO)5) as the source of catalyst precursor in reactor. In this experimental, substrate is the platform on which carbon nanotubes produced. The locations of 304 stainless steel and 201 stainless steel as substrates stayed in flame, 304 stainless steel pretreated or not, and different thickness of red copper and brass were studied. The results of 304 stainless steel substrate at the height of 10mm are the best, comparing with others at 7mm, 5mm, and 0mm heights. Although using 201 stainless steel as substrates has the same results, the results of it are not as good as 304 stainless steel. Pretreated 304 stainless steel as substrate can gain better properties of carbon nanotubes. Different thickness of brass and red copper can not get carbon nanotubes, only copper oxide on the surface of red copper while particles on brass.
Study on Schemes for Seamless Multicast Handover in the Proxy Mobile IPv6 Based on Wireless Networks
Authors: Yue Xue Jun , Hong Tian Sheng , Cai Kun , Li Jia Nian
Published: August 2010

The research was carried on centered about the key technology in the Proxy Mobile Ipv6 networks. The frame based on multi-level domains multicast agent was proposed. And the multi-level domains multicast agent who can be collocated easily was also introduced. The different service area of multi-level domains multicast agent is overlapped which can avoid “single point of failure.” The router advertisements of Ipv6 discovered the dynamic change of availed multi-level domains multicast agent and network topology. An ASMM (Auto Study Mobile Multicast) program was proposed on the based frame of multi-level domains multicast agent. The way of sending multicast data in outer region can be chosen neatly taking advantage of the number of mobile host in outer region according to the network situation in this program instead of sending multicast data in only one mode which achieved seamless handover. In recent years, the rapid development of internet and mobile networks makes people demand the combination of internet and mobile networks more and more eagerly which can provide extensive business for mobile users. And multicast is a very promising technology in mobile network. It can enable a group of mobile users to receive the message from the same business source at the same time which improved network efficiency greatly [1]. The mobile multicast technology is facing many problems. Firstly, all multicast technology was designed for fixed host; the multicast tree established on these agreements can be changed easily. And it will cost much if it is changed; Secondly, The mobile multicast technology not only considers the dynamic change of every group members but also the location dynamic change of every group members [2, 3]. So, the mobile multicast technology is a research focus at present. IETF and many researchers proposed much mobile multicast agreement. But these agreements have different inadequateness.
Design and Implementation of Video Acquisition System Based on Embedded Linux
Authors: Ming Hou , Qi Chen
Published: August 2010

Through the research of current video data acquisition, this paper presents a design program for the video data acquisition system based on Linux system. The system has a modular design idea, and the various parts of which are coordinated with each other to form a complete image video acquisition system. The real-time multi-task mechanism of Linux operating system can not only meet the real time requirement, but also has good scalability.
Effect of Annealing Atmosphere on the Mg2Si Film Growth Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Xiao Qing Quan , Xie Quan , Zhao Ke Jie , Yu Zhi Qiang
Published: August 2010

Semiconducting Mg2Si films were fabricated on Si (111) substrates by magnetron sputtering and subsequent annealing, and the effects of annealing atmosphere on the Mg2Si film growth were studied. The structural and morphological properties of Mg2Si films were investigated by the means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that annealing atmosphere was an important factor that affected the growth of Mg2Si thin films, and vacuum annealing was not suitable for preparing Mg2Si thin films. Only Si (111) substrate diffraction peaks were observed, and no Mg2Si diffraction peak was observed when the first six Mg/Si samples were annealed under vacuum annealing condition. However, many Mg2Si diffraction peaks were observed besides the Si substrate diffraction peaks when the second six Mg/Si samples were annealed under Ar gas atmosphere. In addition, compact and smooth Mg2Si thin films annealed under Ar gas atmosphere were obtained.
Directly Catalytic Decomposition of H2S to Sulfur and Hydrogen under Microwave Conditions
Authors: Ren Li Li
Published: August 2010

The catalytic decomposition of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) under microwave heating was studied. The effect of microwave supply power on H2S decomposition rate was investigated over MoS2 catalyst and found that 100W was an optimal microwave supply power for this reaction. That is to say, the pathway of H2S decomposition under microwave conditions is different with that under conversional conditions. The activities of Co catalyst with different supports were also compared. The results show that under microwave heating conditions, comparing with Co/ZSM-5 and Co/X-zeolite, Co/5A has a higher activity for decomposition of H2S.
Anti-Shock Optimization of a Certain Gas Turbine Foundation by DDAM
Authors: Xie Zui Wei , He Shao Hua , Wu Xin Yue
Published: August 2010

The Dynamic Design Analysis Method (DDAM) calculation principles and procedures are addressed for a system with two degrees of freedom (DOF). The basis of the U.S. Navy DDAM design input spectrum is introduced. Shock response analysis by DDAM for a certain gas turbine foundation is conducted, followed by the displacement and stress response of key parts, such as the flexible supporter. Furthermore, weak positions of the foundation in shock environment are found. The shock isolation ability of metal-rubber originally used as the vibration isolator is also verified by comparison. Finally, design guidelines for the anti-shock optimization of the foundation are given.
Finite Element Analysis of Adhesively Bonded Single-Lap Joints
Authors: He Xiao Cong
Published: August 2010

Adhesive bonding is a high-speed fastening technique which is suitable for joining advanced lightweight sheet materials that are dissimilar, coated and hard to weld. Major advances have been made in recent years in adhesive bonding technique. Latest literature relating to finite element analysis (FEA) of adhesively bonded single-lap joints (SLJs) is reviewed in this paper. The recent development in FEA of SLJs is described with particular reference to three major factors that influence the success of adhesive bonding technique: failure mechanism, environmental effects and mechanical behavior. The main FE methods used in FEA of SLJs are discussed and illustrated with brief case studies from the literature. Areas where further useful progress can be made are also identified.
Investigations on the Crack of Centrifugal Casting High-Speed Steel Rolls
Authors: Jiang Zhi Qiang , Feng Xi Lan , Feng Xian Zhang
Published: August 2010

A study on solidification process of centrifugal cast high-speed steel (HSS) rolls and the crack forming condition is discussed. The result was represented that the crack forming was because of the solidification layer strength of HSS roll was low, and a clearance between the solidification layer and the mould, and the solidification layer of HSS roll could not endure a large centrifugal pressure. In common centrifugal casting, the free solidification constriction of HSS rolls was difficult, which accelerated the crack propagation. The appearance of mesosphere and axial solidification was unfavorable to obtaining the compact roll structures, which accelerated HSS rolls to crack.
Ontology-Based Workflow Semantic Representation and Modeling Method
Authors: Shao Wei Ping , Wang Chun Yan , Hao Yong Ping , Zeng Peng Fei , Xu Xiao Lei
Published: August 2010

An ontology-based workflow (workflow-ontology) representation method was proposed after analyzing that not only structure information but also semantic information were needed in a workflow model. Workflow-ontology concepts were composed by class and subclass of the workflow. Concepts’ properties including their values and characteristics were redefined, and then, workflow-ontology modeling method was put forward based on the ontology expresses and definitions above. With the example of applying in products examined and approved workflows, the corresponding workflow-ontology model (WFO) was built.
Synthesis of C-Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanocomposite for the Fast Removal of Dye Pollutants in Water Resources
Authors: Cao Yang , Zhou Shu Xiang , Guo Qing Zhong
Published: August 2010

Environmental pollution is a serious issue for human being. In the present study, we propose a C-Fe3O4 composite magnetic nanoparticles for the adsorption of dye pollutants. Since carbon shows high affinity for dye molecules and Fe3O4 shows benign response to a magnet, the material is suitable for remediation of environmental pollution in a convenient way. The material was prepared and was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen sorption and powder X-ray diffraction. As a model dye, methyl red was used to evaluate the adsorption performance of the nanocomposite. The result demonstrates that the composite material can adsorb methyl red efficiently and it can be easily recovered by an external magnet, which simply the operational process in comparison with traditional centrifugation or filtration. It is a promising material for environmental remediation.