bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Idiomatic Expression in Song Lyrics from Arianna Grande Album Positions
Authors: Ristanti Putri , Nugrahani Dyah , Sukmaningrum Rahmawati
Published: January 2023

A song is a literary work that can describe a person’s feelings. Many songwriters write the song lyrics according to the feelings they felt at the time. This research aims to (1) classify the types of idiom expressions that were found in song lyrics of the album Positions by Arianna Grande. (2) find out the dominant types of idiom expression found in song lyrics of album Positions by Arianna Grande’s. (3) identify the meaning of idiom expression found in song lyrics of album Positions by Arianna Grande. This research is included in qualitative descriptive research. Researchers have implemented several steps, are a follows: downloading all songs of album Positions from website, searching te scripts lyrics songs, listening to the songs as data for the research been carefully, finding the idiomatic expression in Positions album by Arianna Grande, classifying the idiomatic expression based on the types, finding the idiomatic meanings in Positions album by Arianna Grande. The result of the analysis, the researcher found 16 songs that used the idiomatic expression 22 songs used the types of idiomatic expression phrasal verb. Then, the researcher found 8 songs that used the types of idiomatic expression, preposition verb. In addition, the researcher found 9 songs types of idiomatic expression that used partial idioms. The researcher concluded a percentage: phrasal verb (56.40%), preposition verbs (20.50%), and partial idioms (23.10%). The dominant type of idiomatic expression used in the “Position” album was the phrasal verb type, with the highest percentage of 56.40%.
The Problems Encountered by Non-English Department Students in Speaking English
Authors: Tantri Yulia Galuh , Romadlon Farid Noor , Nurcahyo Agung Dwi
Published: January 2023

Speaking is one of the difficult English skills for non-English department students. This is because students must understand how to produce good and correct sentences to pronounce. To produce a sentence, they must master a lot of vocabulary and master how to pronounce it. In addition, to be able to master speaking skills, students must also have self-confidence. This research aimed to know the problems encountered by Non-English Department students in speaking English and their causes and to find out the problem-solving encountered by non-English majoring students in speaking English. The researcher used descriptive qualitative research with a questionnaire and an interview to collect the data. The results of this study indicate that almost all students find problems (linguistic and nonlinguistic) in speaking English. Linguistic problems that are often found are a lack of grammar, poor pronunciation, and the last is lack of vocabulary. The non-linguistics are anxiety, shyness & lack of confidence. The factors causing the problem of speaking English in this study were low motivation, habits & mother tongue, lack of practice & opportunity, and fear of making mistakes. To solve the problem of speaking English is to improve vocabulary and pronunciation skills. Some ways to improve it are by listening and singing English songs, watching English movies to understand English sentences, and using Google Translate to look up the meaning of difficult words and how to pronounce them. In addition, to improve their speaking skills, sometimes students also practice speaking in English with their friends or independently.
Examining the Effect of Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) on Students’ Reading Comprehension
Authors: Wongsuwan Napon , Regiana Afiifah Abrora
Published: January 2023

The study's overarching goal is to determine whether or not CIRC instruction has a statistically significant effect on students' ability to comprehend narrative literature. In this study, we used a one-group, pre-post-test design for our experiments. Students from SMP Hasanuddin 6 Semarang's eighth grade made up the study's sample population. Twenty-four pupils from VII A were involved as the sample of this study. A reading test was carried out as this study's primary instrument of data collection. Before being taught using the CIRC method, students had a mean score of 40.91, indicating that their reading ability in narrative text was inadequate and needed improvement; after being taught using the CIRC method, students had a mean score of 64.12, indicating that their reading ability in narrative text was good and had already improved. In other words, the CIRC technique works well for teaching students to read narrative texts.
Association of SARS-CoV-2 viral load distributions with individual demographics and suspected variant type: results from the Liverpool community testing pilot, England, 6 November 2020 to 8 September 2021
Authors: Hughes David M , Cheyne Christopher P , Ashton Matthew , Coffey Emer , Crozier Alex , Semple Malcolm G , Buchan Iain , García-Fiñana Marta
Published: January 2023

Background

The PCR quantification cycle (Cq) is a proxy measure of the viral load of a SARS-CoV-2-infected individual.

Aim

To investigate if Cq values vary according to different population characteristics, in particular demographic ones, and within the COVID-19 pandemic context, notably the SARS-CoV-2 type/variant individuals get infected with.

Methods

We considered all positive PCR results from Cheshire and Merseyside, England, between 6 November 2020 and 8 September 2021. Cq distributions were inspected with Kernel density estimates. Multivariable quantile regression models assessed associations between people’s features and Cq.

Results

We report Cq values for 188,821 SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals. Median Cqs increased with decreasing age for suspected wild-type virus and Alpha variant infections, but less so, if not, for Delta. For example, compared to 30–39-year-olds (median age group), 5–11-year-olds exhibited 1.8 (95% CI: 1.5 to 2.1), 2.2 (95% CI: 1.8 to 2.6) and 0.8 (95% CI: 0.6 to 0.9) higher median Cqs for suspected wild-type, Alpha and Delta positives, respectively, in multivariable analysis. 12–18-year-olds also had higher Cqs for wild-type and Alpha positives, however, not for Delta. Overall, in univariable analysis, suspected Delta positives reported 2.8 lower median Cqs than wild-type positives (95% CI: 2.7 to 2.8; p < 0.001). Suspected Alpha positives had 1.5 (95% CI: 1.4 to 1.5; p < 0.001) lower median Cqs than wild type.

Conclusions

Wild-type- or Alpha-infected school-aged children (5–11-year-olds) might transmit less than adults (> 18 years old), but have greater mixing exposures. Smaller differences in viral loads with age occurred in suspected Delta infections. Suspected-Alpha- or Delta-infections involved higher viral loads than wild type, suggesting increased transmission risk. COVID-19 control strategies should consider age and dominant variant.
Study of the Northern Urals in the Documentary Heritage of Academician E. S. Fedorov
Authors:   Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation, Filippova Tatyana P.
Published: January 2023

The article focuses on studying the role of scientific community in study of the development of the northern territories of Russia at the turn of the 20th century. Expanding the source base of this area of research is one of the key tasks of the author. An integral part of the history of scientific knowledge is documentary heritage of scientists who conducted field research in the northern territories of the country. The turn of the 20th century was a defining period in understanding the North of Russia, when scientific and government circles heightened their interest in the resource potential of these territories. The article is based on thematic and chronological analysis of archival sources and published works of the famous scientist, crystallographer, mineralogist E. S. Fedorov (1853–1919); it reviews his expeditions involving geological examination of the Northern Urals. From 1884 to 1889, following the instructions of the Mining Department, the scientist conducted detailed study of this little-studied territory in search for mineral deposits and mapped the area. It has been established that informative sources on scientific activities of E. S. Fedorov in the Northern Urals are documents from his personal provenance fond stored at the St. Petersburg Branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The most informative is his correspondence with his wife L.V. Fedorova over the years of expeditions. E. S. Fedorov in detail described to his wife the course of expeditions and the living conditions in his trips. Memoirs of L.V. Fedorova “Our days, joys, and sorrows,” preserved in the fond and later published, deserve special attention: they detail E.S. Fedorov’s scientific work throughout his life. The author has analyzed publications of E. S. Fedorov presenting results of his northern expeditions. They include detailed diary entries made at the time, which are very useful, as they contain not only geological information, but also facts of the expedition’s activities, living conditions, E. S. Fedorov’s impressions of the trips. The analysis of sources permits to assess main tasks and results of E. S. Fedorov’s scientific research in the Northern Urals, to study the conditions of field work. It has been established that E. S. Fedorov’s research laid the foundations for further scientific development of the Northern Urals territory. The documentary heritage of the scientist is an important component in the history of scientific knowledge of the North of Russia.
Review of S. O. Schmidt's Letters to S. M. Tomsinsky from the Fond of the State Archive of the Perm Krai: 1963–82
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, Nuykina Elena Yu.
Published: January 2023

The article reviews letters of the outstanding Russian scientist, educator, and public figure Sigurd Ottovich Schmidt (1922–2013) to the Perm historian Solomon Markovich Tomsinsky (1905–84). The letters are stored in S. M. Tomsinsky’s personal provenance fond in the State Archive of the Perm Region. Chronologically, 23 letters cover the period from 1963 to 1982 . The letters are typewritten, their authenticity is confirmed by S. O. Schmidt's personal signature. The main topic of correspondence is creation in Perm of the Department of the Archeographic Commission of Academy of Sciences of the USSR and of the Ural Archeographic Yearbook. The letters testify to active participation of Sigurd Ottovich in these processes. In 1968, when he was the head of the Archeographic Commission of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, Schmidt’s first letter to S. M. Tomsinsky proposes an idea of creating the Commission’s branch in Perm, as is the case with Vologda and Siberia, and of establishing a publication similar to “Archeographic Yearbook” on “local” topics, but of a broader profile. The letters discuss structure of the proposed anthology, its status, composition of the editorial board. The letters indicate that S. O. Schmidt attached great importance to the educational component of historical science, in which connection he expressed his wish for involvement of a wide range of authors from various scientific centers in Moscow, Leningrad, the Ural region, Siberia. He advised to involve employees of archives, museums, local historians (for example, B. N. Nazarovsky, L. S. Kashikhin). As a professor, he considered it important to publish students’ and postgraduates’ papers in the yearbook. In general, S. O. Schmidt’s wishes were respected, and in 1971 the first “Ural Archeographic Yearbook” was published and highly appreciated by him. Also S. O. Schmidt’s letters shared his scientific plans, offered brief information on work trips, mentioned acquaintances and colleagues. Discussion of books that S. M. Tomsinsky sent to Sigurd Ottovich held a special place in the correspondence. Sharing his impressions, the author raised the problem of local history studies; he considered several publications in the context of his own or his correspondent's scientific interests and also judging on their contribution to the development of national historical thought and to the broadening of its agenda. The correspondence bespeaks of warm relations between two scientists. The letters contain information on their professional interests and highlight the process of creating the “Ural Archeographic Yearbook,” being an important source testifying to versatile interests of S. O. Schmidt and his contribution to the national historical science.
Affaire of the American Consul Moser (1915) in Light of Previously Unpublished Documents from the Fonds of the State Archive of the Irkutsk Region
Authors:   Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation, Sinichenko Vladimir V. , Belozertsev Sergey M. ,   East-Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
Published: January 2023

The history of Russian-American relations is full of various dramatic moments. There were periods of strategic partnership and alliance, but also those of aggravation of diplomatic and trade relations during the so-called Cold War. One thing persists from the moment the United States was formed in the 18th century to early 21st century: Russia and the United States have been allies in all military conflicts or maintained mutual neutrality. At the same time, as history shows, among political and bureaucratic elites of the United States, there have always been opponents of Russia as a geopolitical entity who provided direct assistance to its military opponents. One of these episodes occurred in 1915, when Moser, the American consul in the city of Harbin located on the territory of the Chinese Eastern Railway — a highway that ran along Manchuria and connected Chita with Vladivostok — found himself an object of cultivation of the Irkutsk Gubernia Gendarmerie Directorate. The article introduces into scientific use a document which permits to assess the degree of involvement of the American diplomat in the release of German prisoners of war, which caused a diplomatic demarche of Russia, expulsion of the consul, and, accordingly, a diplomatic scandal in Russian-American relations in 1915. This document is court opinion of November 6, 1915 of the investigator for especially important cases of the Irkutsk District Court M.S. Strazov based on secret survey of the captain of a separate corps of border guards, assistant to the head of the department at the gendarmerie-police directorate of the Chinese Eastern Railway A. M. Bokastov who had carried out the surveyance; on protocol of interrogation of non-commissioned officer Karl Schultz who fled the Russian camp in Western Siberia (in the city of Tara, Tobolsk gubernia) and was supported by the American diplomat; and on protocol of interrogation of J. E. Mandelstam accused of organizing this escape. Through the agency of their employees insinuated in groups of German officers who fled from the Russian camps in Siberia to China territories, the heads of gendarmerie directorate learned that the American diplomat not only supplied prisoners of war with money for escape, but also recommended them to makers of falsified documents and guides transporting runaways. Cultivation undertaken in 1915 by the Irkutsk Gubernia Gendarmerie Directorate resulted in arrest of Russian subjects of German and Jewish origin who, for various reasons, participated in organization of escapes of German and Austro-Hungarian prisoners of war from concentration camps located in Siberia and in the Far East.
The History of Liability for Sexual Services in Russia in the 18th – Early 20th Century: Materials from the State Archive of the Kursk Region
Authors:   Branch of the Voronezh Institute of Economics and Law in Stary Oskol, Stary Oskol, Russian Federation, Bidzyan Dzhema R. , Sheveleva Svetlana V. ,   South-West State University, Kursk, Russian Federation
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the study of regional aspects of fighting prostitution in the 18th – early 20th century drawing on materials of the State Archive of the Kursk Region. The time period has been chosen for ambivalence of legislator regulating the market of sex services (swinging from prohibitions to permission), as the discussion of prostitution legalization has rekindled following certain legislative changes. In addition, there is an increase in scientific interest in local history in certain areas. The basis for the study is several studies of regional practices of regulation of the sexual services market. The authors’ approach makes it possible to reconstruct the full picture of the developments in state policy concerning sex industry in the specified historical period. This case-study the Kursk region determines the nature of the policy and analyzes the application of norms regulating the industry (in the periods of legislative tolerance to prostitution) or suppressing it (in the periods of prohibition). The study has drawn a picture of state policy implementation in the sphere of sexual services at its regional level. Drawing on materials from the State Archive of the Kursk Region reflecting application of regulations on prostitution in the Kursk gubernia, the authors have analyzed legislator’s and law enforcement officer’s attitude to prostitution. The Kursk gubernia have been chosen for this study as it was a typical region of the European part of Russia during said period, and as there is practically no scientific research on this issue. Main sources on the application of law introducing liability for sexual services are materials from the State Archive of the Kursk Region. The study has used methods of generalization, systematization, analysis, chronological method, comparative law research, etc. Its novelty is determined by introduction of new materials into scientific use and also by its complex approach. It is concluded that, throughout their historical development, norms in the field of sexual services expressed the attitude of the authorities to sexual services availability: from tolerance via administrative regulation to administrative and/or criminal prohibition. During the periods of legislative prohibition, positive dynamics in fighting prostitution can be observed, though a number of socio-political changes hindered effective regulation of sex industry.
The River Terminal in the Historic Architectural Complex of Nizhny Novgorod
Authors:   Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Construction, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation, Gordin Alexey A. , Gordina Elena D. ,   Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University named after R. E. Alekseeva, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
Published: January 2023

The authors focus on the evolution of architectural appearance of the Nizhny Novgorod River Terminal. The building on the spit of the Volga and Oka rivers attracts the attention of guests of the Volga region capital. The River Terminal is an adornment of the Nizhne-Volzhskaya embankment and one of the symbols of Nizhny Novgorod. The topic of the presented article is most relevant in connection with the recent 800th anniversary of Nizhny Novgorod. Our goal is to consider the evolution of architectural appearance of the Nizhny Novgorod River Terminal and also the transformations of its composition in the context of historical development. The main source base of the article is technical documentation, which is stored in the State Archive of Special Documentation of the Nizhny Novgorod Region (GASDNO) and is being introduced into scientific use for the first time. The authors express their gratitude to O. A. Ukhlina, the chief methodologist of the department for the use of documents and information work of the GASDNO. Another valuable source is materials of the periodical press. Undoubtedly, the topic is interdisciplinary. Presently, scientific works consider the Nizhny Novgorod (Gorky) River Terminal mainly from a technical and architectural position. This circumstance determines the scientific novelty of the article. The chronological framework covers the 1930s-2000s. In the years of the first five-year plans, when the city of Gorky became a major industrial center of the country, its need for development of water transport and river infrastructure increased significantly. In the 1930s architect P. Saburov developed the first draft of the River Terminal building, which remained unrealized. During the Great Patriotic War and in the post-war period, there was no terminal in Gorky, and only after the end of the restoration period, in the 1950s, the task to carry out the design of the terminal was set anew. The team of the Leningrad Design Institute for River Transport headed by M.I. Churilin and L.S. Smirnova developed the new project, permitting the construction to begin in 1959. Externally, the station reminds a ship, as its main facades are elongated along the river and the street, and it rises along its central axis in stepped volumes. Since its opening in 1964, the River Terminal has received thousands of passengers per year and Gorky has become a major tourist center. In 1987, the River Terminal was seriously damaged by fire; in 2003 it was restored upon the project of V. Romanova.
On publishing of collective monography «History of Ukraine»
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russian Federation, Bezborodov Alexander B.
Published: January 2023

Review is devoted to published in 2022 collective monography «History of Ukraine» in which in details actual, directly hot problem was highlighted. Historiographic review presented in monography had been prepared on high professional level. High attention was directed to control of Ukrainian elites on mechanisms of forming principally «new» historical knowledge and to inclusion of educational system, cultural institutions, media enterprises to this process. Special attention according to reviewer opinion must be addressed to specific forms of using by representatives of Ukrainian administration of nationalist methods with the aim of concentration of Ukrainian policy on meaningless confrontation with Russia. Detailed analysis of facts gave to authors of monography possibility to reveal reasons of human catastrophe in Donbass. This catastrophe according to opinion of authors of monography was in many aspects appeared in result of influence of world informational infrastructure with help of which it became possible to use historical policy in geopolitical interests of large states and firstly of Western European countries which actually direct collective mind not only of some social groups and population of their countries but also of users of information in all over the world. The accent in monography was made on necessity existing for contemporary Russian historical community for giving answers on massive invasion of Ukrainian historical mythology; the so-called historical conceptions, ideological interpretations and large narrative constructions and to form energetic reactions on facts of falsification real history of Russia and of Ukraine. Basic points and results formulated by authors as based on massy base of sources. Monography includes very reach fact material and this quality allows its readers to deeply understand features of forming Ukrainian state system.
Staff Composition of Experts and Jewelers of the Soviet State Repository of Valuables (Gokhran) in the 1920s
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russian Federation, Knyazeva Anastasiya A.
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the study of staff changes in the State Repository of Valuables (Gokhran) of the RSFSR in the 1920s. It reviews personal files of the employees who carried out examination, assessment, classification, and description of valuables, and also processes resulting in emergence of new activity areas of the Goskhran. The expansion of valuables composition coming to the Gokhran led to emergence of new positions. The article examines professional qualities and competence of the Gokhran employees working with valuables of national importance. It details the biography of the main Gokhran expert N. A. Dmitriev. The methodological basis of the work is comparative-historical, systematic, descriptive methods, as well as method of archival heuristics. Scientific research of the Gokhran history does not pay enough attention to its jewelers training level, which was of great importance as working with valuables involved sorting, evaluating, separating diamonds, precious metals, systematizing valuables by kind and quality; it was a responsible job requiring special knowledge and skills, especially in the 1920s, when the directions of the Gokhran's activities were changing and the requirements to its personnel were heightened. The author has studied documents from the Russian State Archive of Economics (fond 2324 “State Bank of the RSFSR,” fond 7632 “State Repository of Valuables of the People's Commissariat of Finance of the USSR,” fond 7733 “Ministry of Finance of the USSR”), the Central State Archive of the City of Moscow (fond R-1204 “Moscow Jewelry Partnership,” fond R-1906 “Moscow Loan Treasury”). The documents prove competence of employees and high level of professionals working in the Gokhran. A comprehensive study of archival documents on personnel and on organizational and administrative documentation has permitted to identify patterns in the Gokhran personnel formation, to study the employees’ biographies. Masters from large jewelry firms Lorie, Faberge, Khlebnikov worked in the Gokhran. They were knowledgeable in types of precious metals processing and familiar with the world market of precious metals and stones. Increased variety of valuables, acquisition of church and Romanov treasures led to appearance of narrow specialists in the Gokhran. The contribution of this research to historical science is determined by its novelty. Involvement of a wide range of archival documents that have not been previously used in scientific research allows readers to learn the names of people who worked with valuables of national importance.
DIGITIZATION OF ARCHIVAL RECORDS. A SOLVED TASK OR A TASK OF THE FUTURE
Authors:   Institute of Records Management and Archives Administration, Degtyareva Irina A.
Published: January 2023

The paper considers the history and current state of the process of digitization of analog documents in the Russian Federation. A comparative analysis of the current issues of digitization of analog documents in foreign countries and in Russia is carried out. The basis for the research is composed by the articles of Russian and foreign experts, which highlight the experience of archives in digitizing analog documents. The author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to conduct a largescale discussion by the archivists of federal state archives and the archives of the subjects of the Russian Federation of the current issues connected with the process of digitization of analog documents. The accumulated experience of digitizing analog documents in Russia shows that the most important issues for activating the process of high-quality digitization of analog documents, directly related to the possibility of their subsequent use, are the issues related to the creation of a unified state digitization program, among the tasks of which there can be: the need to summarize the work done in that direction in the regions; the identification of the “pain points” (in particular, the need to create a unified regulatory and methodological framework); the consideration of financing issues that will allow the archives to be provided with qualified IT specialists and the necessary equipment; the possibility of concluding contracts with the third-party organizations that might be responsible for the digitization entrusted to them; etc. Archives for the most part have not yet faced the issues of accepting initially digital documents for state storage. It is necessary to use the existing situation to resolve the accumulated difficulties with digitization that require the discussion at the all-Russia level. After all, until now, an average of about 5% of documents in need of digitization have only been digitized in the archives. Thus, if one proceeds from the number of digitized analog documents indicated by the regional archives, the challenges of digitization have not lost their relevance
GEOGRAPHY OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE MOSCOW ALTAR GOSPELS IN THE 1630S. BASED ON THE MATERIALS FROM THE ARCHIVES OF THE BOOK PRINTING DEPARTMENT
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Borisov Maksim Yu.
Published: January 2023

The article deals with the reconstruction for the distribution geography of the distribution of the four editions of the printed Moscow Gospel in the 1630s. The corpus of the sales records of the Receipt Books of the Book Printing Department served as the main source for the study; the records are now kept in the Russian State Archives of Ancient Acts (F.1182). Over the course of ten years, the representatives of all estates had made more than a thousand purchases of the Gospels, most of which remained in the capital. However, a significant number of the Gospels were dispersed around the country. The source study analysis using the quantitative method made it possible to reveal the wide information potential of the sales records and to form a holistic picture of the distribution of a printed book in 8 historical and geographical regions. Most of the customers were recorded from the Zamoskovny and Zaotsky regions, which suffered more than other areas during the Time of Troubles and then developed most actively. The research made it possible to confirm the leading role of the ancient cultural and economic centers in the dissemination of the printed Scripture, the buyers of which were mainly urban representatives. It turned out that significant purchases were often made by those cities which, during the Time of Troubles, were subjected to the most severe devastation and in subsequent years made great progress.
KHAIRI GIMADI. A PORTRAIT SKETCH. DEDICATED TO THE 110TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE TATAR HISTORIAN’S BIRTH (1912–1961)
Authors:   Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Galimzyanova Alina T.
Published: January 2023

The article is the first research work on the biography of Khairi Gimadi, who was a bright representative of the Soviet school of historians, whose activities took place at the time of tighter ideological pressure on the Tatar intelligentsia. Kh. Gimadi’s works on the history of the Tatar ASSR were created in the context of the ongoing campaigns against “bourgeois objectivism” and “cosmopolitanism”, linguistic and political economic discussions. Being a loyal communist, he often had to sacrifice his scientific principles, and it ultimately led to the disillusionment with the current system and the tragic death of the historian. The article uses the method of oral history (in-depth interview), which played an important role in building a holistic picture of the life of Kh. Gimadi. For the first time, the personal file of the historian is introduced into a scientific circulation, the documents from which allow us to trace the pedagogical, scientific, and socio-political activities of the scholar. The most valuable are the memoirs and letters of Kh. Gimadi. These records are kept in his children’s personal archives and reflect the childhood and adolescence of the future historian: they describe in detail the years of mass famine in the Volga region, children homelessness, the work of the Children’s commissions and orphanages. The materials of the article may be useful for the researchers studying the development of the Humanities during the period of late Stalinism, the daily life of the Soviet children of the 1920s and the intelligentsia of the 1940s and 1950s.
Meaning of Caring for Someone Dying in ICU
Authors: Camargo Plazas Pilar
Published: January 2023

The mystery of death is part of the enigma of life itself. In nursing, being next to someone dying makes us more aware of our strengths and limitations while caring for someone who walks into the unknown. As nurses, we are affected by these experiences, so how do we deal with them? What is the essence of caring for someone dying in the ICU? What makes each experience unique? Through the experience of being with someone as they are dying, we discover our limits, our finiteness. We cannot deny death’s disruptive and silent spirit that embodies us, yet death, like other aspects of life, is unique; it appears to teach us that life goes on, that life cannot wait for us.
Embodying digital spaces in a clinical encounter
Authors: Line Blixt  , Kari Nyheim Solbrække  , Wenche Schrøder Bjorbækmo
Published: January 2023

What is it like to interact in a clinical setting when a technological device is participating?  This inquiry was conducted in a primary healthcare setting, with the aim of shedding light on clinicians’ and patients’ experiences regarding the use of a tablet-with-app, intended for a more systematic assessment, as well as electronic registration and storing of patient data.
In this paper, we present an account of four experiential exemplars of adopting an eTool in a clinical setting. The “faciality” of the digital device seems to be important to both patients and clinicians, as well as the interaction between them. The “face” can be used for engaging in conversation, addressing awkward topics, communicating, or inviting involvement. The face can also be used for just resting the eyes or lowering the gaze to maintain a low profile during the clinical encounter. Concurrently, the size, the shape, and the backside of the eTool’s face can mediate distance.
We expand the notion of “screen sharing” and suggest that humans’ ability to move from one mode to another and embody digital spaces in the clinical encounter seems enhanced by their ability to include the eTool’s face in their interaction. This knowledge can be used in the development of digital tools for teaching, as well as for health professions.
Editorial: Phenomenology, Publishing and Democracy
Authors: Saevi Tone
Published: January 2023

Editorial
Erectile dysfunction in patients with liver cirrhosis.
Authors:   City Clinical Hospital named after D.D. Pletnev, Mechik V.S. ,   Moscow, Russia, Efremov E.A. ,   Department of Urology, Andrology and Oncology of Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Head of the International Center for Andrology; Moscow, Russia, Monakhov D.V. ,   Department of Faculty Surgery of the Pediatric Faculty of Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Moscow, Russia, Kasatonova E.V. ,   N.A. Lopatkin Scientific Research Institute of Urology and Interventional Radiology – Branch of the National Medical Research Centre of Radiology of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation; Moscow, Russia, Kaprin A.D. ,   National Medical Research Centre of Radiology of Ministry of health of Russian Federation; Moscow, Russia
Published: January 2023

Introduction. In this literature review we discuss the etiology, risk factors, and features of erectile dysfunction management in men with liver disease and cirrhosis. Materials and methods. A search to identify original articles and reviews in PubMed, еLibrary, ScienceDirect, Scopus, EMBASE databases suitable for the purposes of this review was conducted by combining the following terms: «hepatitis», «liver disease», «cirrhosis», «erectile dysfunction», «sexual dysfunction» in Russian and English. Results. Clinically significant erectile dysfunction in liver disease can be detected in more than half of patients with cirrhosis, but usually elude the attention of doctors and researchers. Although erectile dysfunction is not a life-threatening disorder, its impact on quality of life is important. Patients with cirrhosis often suffer from comorbidities that are also known to be involved in the etiopathogenesis of sexual dysfunction. While treating ED in cirrhotic patients is a clinical challenge, almost all studies are epidemiological or assess risk factors. Conclusions. The variety of symptoms and the significant deterioration in the quality of life need a multidisciplinary approach and timely intervention. There is a need to evaluate the quality of sexual life in men as part of the examination protocol for liver disease.
Modern methods of minimally invasive treatment of premature ejaculation.
Authors:   International Medical Center «URO-PRO», Krasnodar, Russia, Mirkin Ya.B. , Nevsky A.A. ,   International Medical Center «URO-PRO», Rostov-on-Don, Russia
Published: January 2023

Introduction. Premature (early) ejaculation is a common male sexual problem. Despite a significant number of proposed methods, there is still no consensus among doctors about the most effective methods of conservative and surgical treatment of this pathology. Materials and methods. The results of publications of domestic and foreign authors devoted to various approaches to the surgical treatment of premature ejaculation were analyzed: circumcision, injections of fillers into the glans penis, various techniques for performing selective dorsal neurotomy, injection of botulinum toxin into the bulbospongiosus muscle, radiofrequency neuromodulation of the dorsal nerve of the penis, selective cryoablation of the dorsal nerve of the penis. Results. The most controversial surgical techniques for the treatment of premature ejaculation. Indications for surgery, technical performance are still variable, and the results are difficult to predict. Selective dorsal neurotomy, radiofrequency ablation, and cryoablation seem promising. It is necessary to develop standard approaches to the selection of patients and the method of performing operations based on a sufficient number of clinical studies. Conclusion. Despite the sufficient number of proposed methods for the surgical treatment of premature ejaculation, it is necessary to standardize approaches to the selection of patients and the choice of surgical technique.
Vesico-vaginal fistulas: modern concepts of diagnosis and treatment.
Authors:   department of urology of N.I. Pirogov clinic of advanced medical technologies of St. Petersburg State University, Suchkov D.A. ,   Saint-Petersburg, Russia, Shakhaliev R.A. ,   department of urology of N.I. Pirogov Clinic of advanced medical technologies of St. Petersburg State University; Saint-Petersburg, Russia, Shkarupa D.D. ,   N.I.Pirogov Clinic of advanced medical technologies of St. Petersburg State University; Saint-Petersburg, Russia, Shkarupa A.G. ,   N.I. Pirogov Clinic of advanced medical technologies of St. Petersburg State University; Saint-Petersburg, Russia, Kubin N.D. ,   department of urology of N.I. Pirogov Clinic of advanced med- ical technologies of St. Petersburg State University; Saint-Petersburg, Russia, Gadzhiev N.K. ,   N.I.Pirogov Clinic of advanced medical technologies of St. Petersburg State University; Saint-Petersburg, Russia, Shulgin A.S. ,   department of urology of N. I. Pirogov Clinic of advanced medical technologies of St. Petersburg State University; Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Published: January 2023

Introduction. Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) is a pathological communication between the urinary bladder and the vagina. The lack of common approaches to the treatment choice, its timing and postoperative management of patients makes this disorder one of the challenges of modern urogynecology. Materials and methods. Relevant publications were searched using the PubMed database, the Google Scholar search system, and the scientific electronic library eLibrary.ru. Results. VVF is the most common form of urogenital fistulas. In developed countries, the formation of VVF mainly are the result of surgical trauma or radiation therapy, but in developing ones the majority of VVF have an obstetric etiology. There are different classifications of VVF; however, there is no overall accepted one that is suitable for predicting treatment efficacy and long-term outcomes regardless of etiology of VVF. Treatment of VVF with long-term bladder drainage should be performed only for small, benign and unformed VVF. Surgical closure of VVF is the primary method of treatment. Surgery can be performed using abdominal and vaginal access. Regardless of the access, a positive result (closure of the fistula) on average is achieved in 90,8% of cases. The treatment of post-radiation fistulas is more challenged and associated with a high failure rate. Conclusion. Despite of the variety of VVF treatment options, unfortunately, there is no the perfect one yet due to the variability of VVF ethiology, the lack of unified curative approaches and the shortage of studies comparing different therapies.
Renal infarction. Analysis of 12 cases of acute renal artery occlusion.
Authors:   urology department of Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Mamaev I.E. ,   Moscow, Russia, Saipulaev G.Sh. ,   urology department of Moscow city hospital n.a. V.M. Buyanov; Moscow, Russia, Stepanenko K.V. ,   radiology department of Moscow city hospital n.a. V.M.Buyanov; Moscow, Russia, Kotov S.V. ,   urology and andrology department of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Moscow, Russia
Published: January 2023

Introduction. Kidney infarction (KI) is a rare condition that most often develops as a result of renal artery thromboembolism and causes complete or partial loss of renal function. The diagnosis of this pathology is challangable. Objective. To analyze the features of diagnosis, clinical, laboratory and instrumental characteristics of renal infarction. To assess delayed changes in the renal parenchyma in patients with renal infarction. Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis of data from 12 patients with KI who were admitted to V.M. Buyanov Moscow City Clinical Hospital from 2018 to 2021 and consequent prospective analysis of the results of examination of these patients between 2 and 34 months after KI were done. Result. The mean age of the patients was 60,4 years. Eight patients were admitted to the hospital with surgical diagnoses. None of the patients was correctly diagnosed in the first 12 hours from the onset of the disease. Seven patients had atrial fibrillation. The most informative diagnostic method was contrastenhanced renal computed tomography (CT) scan. The average lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level was 1563,4 U/L, creatinine - 149,5 μmol/L. Discussion. Evaluation of functioning parenchyma during the control examination showed that it volume was equal to volume of the parenchyma not involved in the infarction at the time of primary hospitalization. Delayed investigation also showed mild violation of the evacuation function on the affected side. Conclusions. Atrial fibrillation is the main risk factor for renal infarction development. Contrast-enhanced CT remains the most valuable method for detecting acute renal artery occlusion. Late diagnosis of the infarction is the main reason of futility of endovascular correction. It requires vigilance of urologists and surgeons in relation to this problem.
Encrusted pyelitis.
Authors:   urology department of Moscow city hospital n.a. V.M. Buyanov, Mamaev I.E. ,   Moscow, Russia, Akhmedov K.K. ,   urology department of Moscow city hospital n.a. V.M. Buyanov; Moscow, Russia, Sushkova Y.V. ,   urology department of Moscow city hospital n.a. V.M. Buyanov; Moscow, Russia, Kotov S.V. ,   urology and andrology department of the N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Moscow, Russia
Published: January 2023

Introduction. Encrusted pyelitis is a rare clinical form of urolithiasis. It represents a formation of stones on the mucosa of collecting system because of violation of epithelial function. Encrusted pyelitis characterized by formation of multiple planar stones intimately soldered to the epithelial lining. Generally, accepted methods of surgical removal of stones is not effective in such case and different approach is required. Clinical case. Presented a clinical case of successful treatment of patient with encrusted pyelitis by chemolytic therapy. It carried out by irrigating the collecting system with a solution injected through nephrostomy drain. Discussion. Analysis of the literature on encrusted pyelitis shows that due to the rare occurrence of this pathology, there is no standardized approach to the treatment of this group of patients, and publications are limited to the analysis of clinical observations. A number of scientific papers confirmed effect of chemolytic therapy in these situations. Conclusion. A patient with encrusted pyelitis underwent several courses of chemolytic therapy with good results. Stone free status is achieved. It is important to note that chemolysis was effective only in relation to those stones that were on the way of the irrigation solution from the supply nephrostomy tube to the discharge one.
Nephrolithiasis and the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke.
Authors:   Laboratory of Electronic Health, Institute of Digital Medicine, Sechenov University, Alfimov А.Е. ,   Moscow, Russia, Shaderkin I.A. ,   Laboratory of Electronic Health, Institute of Digital Medicine, Sechenov University; Moscow, Russia, Lebedev G.S. ,   Department of Information and Internet Technologies at Sechenov University; Moscow, Russia, Leontiev O.V. ,   Department of Therapy and Integrative Medicine, IDPO «Extreme Medicine» Federal State Budgetary Institution All-Russian Center for Emergency and Radiation Medicine named after A.M. Nikiforov of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia; Moscow, Russia
Published: January 2023

Introduction. The article discusses the results of studies and meta-analyses that have studied the risks of coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke in patients with urinary stone disease (USD). The purpose of this review is to critically analyze the available studies on the association of USD with CHD and stroke, as well as to evaluate USD among other cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and to assess the role of USD metaphylaxis in reducing this risk. Materials and methods. The authors conducted a search in international and domestic specialized databases of scientific publications, 657 publications were found. For this review, 75 articles were selected that were published no later than April 1, 2021. Results. Despite conflicting research results and high statistical heterogeneity, all meta-analyses have shown that patients with USD have an increased risk of coronary artery disease, MI, and stroke by about 20-40%. In comparison with other risk factors for CVD, USD represents a moderate risk, which dictates not only the need to identify and correct «high» risk factors in patients with USD, but also the need for effective metaphylaxis. There are no studies to support the efficacy of USD metaphylaxis in reducing the risk of CVD. However, it can be assumed that effective metaphylaxis, especially in young patients, using remote technologies, will not only reduce the risk of urolithiasis recurrence, but also help correct metabolic disorders that trigger pathophysiological processes common with CVD. The possibility that simple and inexpensive interventions that reduce the risk of recurrent urolithiasis may also reduce the risk of MI and stroke, the most common cause of death and disability, warrants further study. Conclusions. To increase the effectiveness of USD metaphylaxis, it is possible to use remote monitoring with automatic data processing and regular feedback.