bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of key quality attributes in Salvia miltiorrhiza standard decoction using a Gaussian process regression model
Authors: Zou Huosheng , Zhang Zixia , Zhang Hongxu , Chen Yuan , Zhang Hui , Yan Jizhong
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Nonstationary, nonlinear mass transfer in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) extraction poses challenges to correlating process characteristics with quality parameters, particularly in defining clear parameter ranges for the process.

Objectives

The aim of the study was to provide a solution for quality consistency analysis in TCM preparation processes.

Materials and methods

Salvia miltiorrhiza was taken as an example for 15 batches of standard decoction. Using aqueous extract, alcoholic extract, and the content of salvianolic acid B as herb material key quality attributes, multiple nonlinear regression, Gaussian process regression, and artificial neural network models were employed to predict the key quality attributes including the paste yield, the content of salvianolic acid B, and the transfer rate. The evaluation criteria were root mean square error, mean absolute percentage error, and R2.

Results

The Gaussian process regression model had the best prediction effect on the paste yield, the content of salvianolic acid B, and the transfer rate, with R2 being 0.918, 0.934, and 0.919, respectively. Utilizing Gaussian process regression model confidence intervals, along with Shewhart control and intervals optimized through process capability index analysis, the quality control range of the standard decoction was determined as follows: paste yield, 25.14%–33.19%; salvianolic acid B content, 2.62%–4.78%; and transfer rate, 56.88%–64.80%.

Conclusion

This study combined the preparation process of standard decoction with the Gaussian process regression model, accurately predicted the key quality attributes, and determined the quality parameter range by using process analysis tools, providing a new idea for the quality consistency standard of TCM processes.
DDI‐Transform: A neural network for predicting drug‐drug interaction events
Authors: Su Jiaming , Qian Ying
Published: April 2024

Drug‐drug interaction (DDI) event prediction is a challenging problem, and accurate prediction of DDI events is critical to patient health and new drug development. Recently, many machine learning‐based techniques have been proposed for predicting DDI events. However, most of the existing methods do not effectively integrate the multidimensional features of drugs and provide poor mitigation of noise to get effective feature information. To address these limitations, we propose a DDI‐Transform neural network framework for DDI event prediction. In DDI‐Transform, we design a drug structure information feature extraction module and a drug bind‐protein feature extraction module to obtain multidimensional feature information. A stack of DDI‐Transform layers in the DDI‐Transform network module are then used for adaptive learning, thus adaptively selecting the effective feature information for prediction. The results show that DDI‐Transform can accurately predict DDI events and outperform the state‐of‐the‐art models. Results on different scale datasets confirm the robustness of the method.
Tracheobronchomalacia following allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Panpruang Pitirat , Eksombatchai Dararat , Boonsarngsuk Viboon
Published: April 2024

Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) occurs due to the weakening of cartilaginous part of the trachea, resulting in compromised airway function and leading to symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and inability to clear secretions. Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is the most prevalent late noninfectious pulmonary complication in patients who underwent allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Therefore, patients experiencing progressive dyspnea and chronic cough after allogenic HSCT, with new obstructive pattern on pulmonary function test, are typically diagnosed with post‐transplant BOS. However, it is important to note that TBM can also manifest as an obstructive defect pattern on pulmonary function test. Tracheomalacia has been reported as a rare complication of allogenic stem cell transplantation. We present two patients who developed TBM following allogeneic HSCT and were initially treated for post‐transplant BOS but did not experience symptom improvement. However, after treatment with continuous positive airway pressure, their symptom subsided.
Rethinking LEO constellations routing
Authors: Grislain Paul , Auddino Alexia , Barraqué Anna , Lamothe François , Hotescu Oana , Lacan Jérôme , Radzik José , Lochin Emmanuel
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the unsplittable multicommodity flow (UMCF) as a routing algorithm for LEO constellations. Usually, LEO routing schemes enable the Floyd–Warshall algorithm (shortest path) to minimize the end‐to‐end latency of the flows crossing the constellation. We propose to solve the UMCF problem associated with the system as a solution for routing over LEO. We use a heuristic algorithm based on randomized rounding known in the optimization literature to efficiently solve the UMCF problem. Furthermore, we explore the impact of choosing the first/last hop before entering/exiting the constellation. Using network simulation over Telesat constellation, we show that UMCF maximizes the end‐to‐end links usage, providing better routing while minimizing the delay and the congestion level, which is an issue today over new megaconstellations.
Public expenditure and economic sustainability: Does institutional quality matter?
Authors: Kpegba Silas Apealete , Atisu Lord Kelvin Kofi , Nketiah Sarfo Kelvin , Oppong Clement , Akwaa‐Sekyi Ellis Kofi
Published: April 2024

This study aims to provide an empirical insight into whether institutional quality moderates the impact of public expenditure on economic sustainability among the Sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries. Using a quantitative and explanatory research design, this study sourced a 20‐year longitudinal dataset on 48 SSA countries from the World Development Indicators (WDI) and World Governance Indicators (WGI) databases from 2003 to 2022. Both Pooled OLS and System GMM econometric techniques were employed for analysis. It was found that public expenditure and institutional quality positively and significantly influence economic sustainability. However, institutional quality was found to negatively and significantly moderate this relationship. The practical implication suggests nations may face a trade‐off between maintaining institutional quality and ensuring long‐term economic sustainability. The moderation effect of institutional quality is novel in nature and adds to the body of existing literature.
Distributional imputation for the analysis of censored recurrent events
Authors: Fairfax Sarah R. , Yang Shu
Published: April 2024

Longitudinal clinical trials for which recurrent events endpoints are of interest are commonly subject to missing event data. Primary analyses in such trials are often performed assuming events are missing at random, and sensitivity analyses are necessary to assess robustness of primary analysis conclusions to missing data assumptions. Control‐based imputation is an attractive approach in superiority trials for imposing conservative assumptions on how data may be missing not at random. A popular approach to implementing control‐based assumptions for recurrent events is multiple imputation (MI), but Rubin's variance estimator is often biased for the true sampling variability of the point estimator in the control‐based setting. We propose distributional imputation (DI) with corresponding wild bootstrap variance estimation procedure for control‐based sensitivity analyses of recurrent events. We apply control‐based DI to a type I diabetes trial. In the application and simulation studies, DI produced more reasonable standard error estimates than MI with Rubin's combining rules in control‐based sensitivity analyses of recurrent events.
High‐Throughput, Label‐Free Detection of DNA Origami in Single‐Cell Suspensions Using origamiFISH‐Flow
Authors: Alexander Shana , Wang Wendy Xueyi , Tseng Chung‐Yi , Douglas Travis R. , Chou Leo Y.T.
Published: April 2024

Structural DNA nanotechnology enables custom fabrication of nanoscale devices and promises diverse biological applications. However, the effects of design on DNA nanostructure (DN)‐cell interactions in vitro and in vivo are not yet well‐characterized. origamiFISH is a recently developed technique for imaging DNs in cells and tissues. Compared to the use of fluorescent tags, origamiFISH offers label‐free and structure‐agnostic detection of DNs with significantly improved sensitivity. Here, the origamiFISH technique is extended to quantify DNs in single‐cell suspensions, including in nonadherent cells such as subsets of immune cells, via readout by flow cytometry. This method, referred to as origamiFISH‐Flow, is high‐throughput (e.g., 10 000 cells per second) and compatible with immunostaining for concurrent cell‐type and cell‐state characterization. It is shown that origamiFISH‐Flow provides 20‐fold higher signal‐to‐noise ratio for DN detection compared to dye labeling approaches, leading to the capture of >25‐fold more DN+ cells under single‐picomolar DN uptake concentrations. Additionally, the use of origamiFISH‐Flow is validated to profile the uptake of various DN shapes across multiple cell lines and splenocytes, as well as to quantify in vivo DN accumulation in lymphoid organs. Together, origamiFISH‐Flow offers a new tool to interrogate DN interactions with cells and tissues, while providing insights for tailoring their designs in bio‐applications.
A Multifunctional Herb‐Derived Glycopeptide Hydrogel for Chronic Wound Healing
Authors: Zhang Xinyi , Wu Ye , Gong Heng , Xiong Yan , Chen Yu , Li Lin , Zhi Biao , Lv Saiqun , Peng Tao , Zhang Hui
Published: April 2024

Chronic wounds constitute an increasingly prevalent global healthcare issue, characterized by recurring bacterial infections, pronounced oxidative stress, compromised functionality of immune cells, unrelenting inflammatory reactions, and deficits in angiogenesis. In response to these multifaceted challenges, the study introduced a stimulus‐responsive glycopeptide hydrogel constructed by oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide (OBSP), gallic acid‐grafted ε‐Polylysine (PLY‐GA), and paeoniflorin‐loaded micelles (MIC@Pae), called OBPG&MP. The hydrogel emulates the structure of glycoprotein fibers of the extracellular matrix (ECM), exhibiting exceptional injectability, self‐healing, and biocompatibility. It adapts responsively to the inflammatory microenvironment of chronic wounds, sequentially releasing therapeutic agents to eradicate bacterial infection, neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS), modulate macrophage polarization, suppress inflammation, and encourage vascular regeneration and ECM remodeling, playing a critical role across the inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases of wound healing. Both in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed the efficacy of OBPG&MP hydrogel in regulating the wound microenvironment and enhancing the regeneration and remodeling of chronic wound skin tissue. This research supports the vast potential for herb‐derived multifunctional hydrogels in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Evidence of the Monopolar‐Dipolar Crossover Regime: A Multiscale Study of Ferroelastic Domains by In Situ Microscopy Techniques
Authors: Scott John J. R. , Lu Guangming , Rodriguez Brian J. , MacLaren Ian , Salje Ekhard K.H. , Arredondo Miryam
Published: April 2024

The elastic interaction between kinks (and antikinks) within domain walls plays a pivotal role in shaping the domain structure, and their dynamics. In bulk materials, kinks interact as elastic monopoles, dependent on the distance between walls (d−1) and typically characterized by a rigid and straight domain configuration. In this work the evolution of the domain structure is investigated, as the sample size decreases, by the means of in situ heating microscopy techniques on free‐standing samples. As the sample size decreases, a significant transformation is observed: domain walls exhibit pronounced curvature, accompanied by an increase in both domain wall and junction density. This transformation is attributed to the pronounced influence of kinks, inducing sample warping, where “dipole–dipole” interactions are dominant (d−2). Moreover, a critical thickness range that delineates a crossover between the monopolar and dipolar regimens is experimentally identified and corroborated by atomic simulations. These findings are relevant for in situ TEM studies and for the development of novel devices based on free‐standing ferroic thin films and nanomaterials.
Understanding suicide prevention among Black college men
Authors: Wilton Leo
Published: April 2024

The objectives of this article are to examine the epidemiology of suicide for Black college men; social determinants of mental health, mental health inequities, and suicide prevention for Black college men; role of mental health utilization for Black college men; role of culture in addressing mental health needs for Black college men; racial trauma and mental health for Black college men; role of socio‐economic barriers for Black college men; mental health needs of Black college men amid the COVID‐19 pandemic; mental health needs of African and Caribbean college men; mental health needs of Black gay, bisexual, queer, and trans+ college men; and implications for colleges and universities in addressing the mental health needs of Black college men.
Mortal Man: How a Black male initiative changed me
Authors: Sewell Caleb Austin
Published: April 2024

In this article, I use an autobiographical narrative case study to discuss my journey with my mental health and the ways that being a part of a Black men's initiative—first as a member, next as a peer mentor, and lastly, as the teaching assistant—helped me to undo some of the neglectful and toxic ways that I was avoiding my body, mind, and soul while pursuing my undergraduate degree. This article calls for campus leaders and administrators to understand and prioritize the need for Black men's initiatives. These initiatives create a crucial space for Black men at historically White institutions to access a culturally situated environment that can ultimately support their wellness.
Asymptomatic testicular torsion in a descended cat testicle
Authors: Joyce Kristian
Published: April 2024

An incidental testicular torsion was discovered during orchiectomy of an approximately 4‐month‐old intact male kitten. His spermatic cord was twisted numerous times, which caused necrosis and swelling of the right teste. Despite these changes, the patient had no signs of pain or clinical signs typical of testicular torsion that is seen in other species. The owner of the kitten reported that the kitten was eating normally and did not show any signs of pain. The physical examination of the kitten did not reveal any tenderness upon palpation of the enlarged testicle. This case illustrates that testicular torsion is possible even in the absence of pain or discomfort in cats.
Femoral arterial cannulation for surgical repair of stanford type A aortic dissection
Authors: Juvonen Tatu , Vendramin Igor , Mariscalco Giovanni , Jormalainen Mikko , Perrotti Andrea , Hervé Amélie , Mazzaro Enzo , Gatti Giuseppe , Pettinari Matteo , Peterss Sven , Buech Joscha , Nappi Francesco , Pinto Angel G. , Rodriguez Lega Javier , Pol Marek , Rocek Jan , Kacer Petr , Rukosujew Andreas , Wisniewski Konrad , Piani Daniela , Demal Till , Conradi Lenard , Ferrante Luisa , Rinaldi Mauro , Quintana Eduard , Pruna‐Guillen Robert , Gerelli Sebastien , Di Perna Dario , Fiore Antonio , Folliguet Thierry , Acharya Metesh , El‐Dean Zein , Field Mark , Kuduvalli Manoj , Onorati Francesco , Francica Alessandra , Mäkikallio Timo , Dell’Aquila Angelo M. , Mustonen Caius , Raivio Peter , Rosato Stefano , Biancari Fausto
Published: April 2024

Background

The benefits and harms associated with femoral artery cannulation over other sites of arterial cannulation for surgical repair of acute Stanford type A aortic dissection (TAAD) are not conclusively established.

Methods

We evaluated the outcomes after surgery for TAAD using femoral artery cannulation, supra‐aortic arterial cannulation (i.e., innominate/subclavian/axillary artery cannulation), and direct aortic cannulation.

Results

3751 (96.1%) patients were eligible for this analysis. In‐hospital mortality using supra‐aortic arterial cannulation was comparable to femoral artery cannulation (17.8% vs. 18.4%; adjusted OR 0.846, 95% CI 0.799–1.202). This finding was confirmed in 1028 propensity score‐matched pairs of patients with supra‐aortic arterial cannulation or femoral artery cannulation (17.5% vs. 17.0%, p = 0.770). In‐hospital mortality after direct aortic cannulation was lower compared to femoral artery cannulation (14.0% vs. 18.4%, adjusted OR 0.703, 95% CI 0.529–0.934). Among 583 propensity score‐matched pairs of patients, direct aortic cannulation was associated with lower rates of in‐hospital mortality (13.4% vs. 19.6%, p = 0.004) compared to femoral artery cannulation. Switching of the primary site of arterial cannulation was associated with increased rate of in‐hospital mortality (36.5% vs. 17.0%; adjusted OR 2.730, 95% CI 1.564–4.765). Ten‐year mortality was similar in the study cohorts.

Conclusions

In this study, the outcomes of surgery for TAAD using femoral arterial cannulation were comparable to those using supra‐aortic arterial cannulation. However, femoral arterial cannulation was associated with higher in‐hospital mortality than direct aortic cannulation.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov registration code: NCT04831073.
Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and termites (Blattodea: Termitoidae) in the diet of wild white‐bellied pangolin (Phataginus tricuspis) in forest‐savanna habitats of Cameroon
Authors: Difouo Ghislain F. , Simo Franklin T. , Kekeunou Sévilor , Fokou Oscar R. , Ndoh Lyiong Giscard , Olson David
Published: April 2024

The white‐bellied pangolin Phataginus tricuspis (Rafinesque 1821) is a semiarboreal species occurring in tropical sub‐Saharan Africa. It is the world's most trafficked African pangolin species based on volumes recorded in seizures. Reintroduction of confiscated live pangolins and ex‐situ rearing are being explored worldwide as a conservation action. However, the husbandry of seized animals is challenging as the diet of the white‐bellied pangolin is poorly known and little studied. We analyzed the stomach contents of dead white‐bellied pangolins from two forest‐savanna protected areas. Stomach content samples from 13 white‐bellied pangolin specimens contained ~165,000 Arthropoda, mostly Hymenoptera (60.34%) and Blattodea (39.66%). Overall, we identified 39 termite and 105 ant species consumed as prey by pangolins. Individual pangolins examined had fed on a maximum of 31 ant species and 13 termite species. The termite and ant species richness varied significantly across the pangolins' last consumed meal. We recorded 24 ant genera dominated by Crematogaster (relative importance [RI] = 17.28). Out of 18 termite genera recorded, the genus Pseudacanthotermes (RI = 17.21) was the most important prey. Ten ant species were preferentially eaten by white‐bellied pangolin, with Crematogaster acis being the most common prey species. Four species of termite were most frequently eaten with Pseudacanthotermes militaris being the most abundant. The mean abundance of ants and termites varied among pangolin individuals. The season did not influence the mean abundance of termites eaten by pangolin individuals. However, ant abundance in stomach contents was significantly higher in the dry season. An improved understanding of pangolin feeding behavior and prey selection may help inform conservation husbandry efforts. For example, nutritional analysis of the food eaten by wild pangolins can guide the development of nutritional diets for captive pangolins.
Proximal humeral fractures in children - controversies in decision making
Authors: Schippers Philipp , Gercek Erol , Schneidmüller Dorien , Strohm Peter C. , Ruckes Christian , Wegner Erik , Baranowski Andreas , Dietz Sven-Oliver
Published: April 2024

Background

Proximal humeral fractures in children are rare and usually treated non-operatively, especially in children younger than ten. The decision between operative and non-operative treatment is mostly based on age and fracture angulation. In the current literature, diverging recommendations regarding fracture angulation that is still tolerable for non-operative treatment can be found. Besides, there is no consensus on how fracture angulation should be determined. This study aimed to determine whether leading experts in pediatric trauma surgery in Germany showed agreement concerning the measurement of fracture angulation, deciding between operative and non-operative treatment, and choosing a treatment modality.

Methods

Twenty radiographs showing a proximal humeral fracture and the patient’s age were assessed twice by twenty-two senior members of the “Section of Pediatric Traumatology of the German Association for Trauma Surgery”. Experts determined the fracture angulation and chose between several operative and non-operative treatment modalities. The mean of individual standard deviations was calculated to estimate the accuracy of single measurements for fracture angulation. Besides Intra-Class Correlation and Fleiss’ Kappa coefficients were determined.

Results

For fracture angulation, experts showed moderate (ICC = 0.60) interobserver and excellent (ICC = 0.90) intraobserver agreement. For the treatment decision, there was fair (Kappa = 0.38) interobserver and substantial (Kappa = 0.77) intraobserver agreement. Finally, experts preferred ESIN over K-wires for operative and a Gilchrist over a Cuff/Collar for non-operative treatment.

Conclusions

Firstly, there is a need for consensus among experts on how fracture angulation in PHFs in children should be reliably determined. Our data indicate that choosing one method everybody agrees to use could be more helpful than using the most sophisticated. However, the overall importance of fracture angulation should also be critically discussed. Finally, experts should agree on treatment algorithms that could translate into guidelines to standardize the care and perform reliable outcome studies.

Level of evidence

III.
The relationship between symptomatic status and aneurysm wall enhancement characteristics of single unruptured intracranial aneurysm
Authors: Chen Zi , Zhang Wei , Li Fang-li , Lu Wen-biao
Published: April 2024

Objective

We aimed to analyze the aneurysm wall enhancement (AWE) characteristics of a single unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) and observe the relationship between the symptoms of a single UIA and the aneurysm wall.

Methods

In our hospital, 85 patients diagnosed with a single UIA using computed tomography angiography (CTA) were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into symptomatic and asymptomatic groups, including 46 asymptomatic and 39 symptomatic aneurysms. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of the vascular wall (HR-MR-VWI) was utilized to ascertain the presence, degree, and extent of AWE and thick-wall enhancement. In addition to AWE characteristics, morphological parameters of aneurysms, such as maximal size, shape, height, neck width, aspect ratio (AR), and size ratio (SR), were scanned using CTA. The differences in the parameters of a single UIA between the two groups were compared. An investigation explored the correlation between the symptom status of a single UIA and AWE.

Results

We observed a correlation between symptom status and maximal size, height, and neck width for a single UIA, the presence or absence of AWE, and the levels and boundaries of AWE and thick-wall reinforcement. This study found that the AWE range was independently correlated with symptom status in the multivariate regression analysis.

Conclusion

A larger AWE range was an independent risk factor for the onset of symptoms in a single UIA.
The effect of weld heat input on the microstructure and mechanical properties of wire arc additively manufactured 15-5PH stainless steel
Authors: Sword J Iain , Galloway Alexander , Toumpis Athanasios
Published: April 2024

Precipitation hardening (PH) stainless steels, such as 15-5PH, have a high strength combined with excellent corrosion resistance. These properties make them valuable in critical industries such as defence, construction, aerospace, energy and maritime. Recent advancements in additive manufacturing (AM) technology enable the rapid and cost-effective production of components. In the case of 15-5PH components manufactured using wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), the as-deposited mechanical properties are not suitable at present for industrial applications. This paper explores the mechanical properties of this process and alloy combination without post weld heat treatment with the aim of eventual adoption in this condition by industry. The impact of weld heat input on the microstructure and mechanical properties of stainless steel 15-5PH produced using WAAM was investigated. The microstructure was examined using hardness testing in addition to optical and electron microscopy. Furthermore, mechanical properties were measured with tensile and impact testing. Investigations were conducted on material produced using weld heat inputs of 0.223 kJ/mm and 0.565 kJ/mm. These results indicate that reducing the weld heat input leads to a minor decrease in strength but an 80% increase in impact toughness. This reduction in weld heat input is correlated with a 50% reduction in volume fraction of δ-ferrite while also noting a 55% increase in carbide precipitates. In addition, the fracture surfaces were predominantly cleavage or quasi-cleavage in morphology.
Relationship of Aortopulmonary Collaterals and Pulmonary Artery Development During Staged Single Ventricle Reconstruction
Authors: Staehler Helena , Schaeffer Thibault , Georgiev Stanimir , Schmiel Melvin , Stern Christoph , Di Padua Chiara , Piber Nicole , Hager Alfred , Ewert Peter , Hörer Jürgen , Ono Masamichi
Published: April 2024

To evaluate the relationship of aortopulmonary collaterals and the development of central pulmonary arteries during staged palliation. A total of 287 patients, who underwent staged palliation with bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt and total cavopulmonary connection between 2008 and 2019, had available angiography. Pulmonary artery index was calculated using pulmonary angiography as described by Nakata and colleagues. Aortopulmonary collaterals were observed in 47 (16%) patients at stage II palliation, in 131 (46%) at total cavopulmonary connection, and afterwards in 49 (7%). The interventional closure of aortopulmonary collaterals was performed before stage II in 12 (4%) patients, before Fontan completion in 38 (13%), and afterwards in 39 (14%). Presence of aortopulmonary collaterals before stage II was not associated with the pulmonary artery index (129 vs. 150 mm2/m2, p = 0.176) at stage II. In contrast, aortopulmonary collaterals before the Fontan completion were associated with lower pulmonary artery index (154 vs. 172 mm2/m2, p = 0.005), and right pulmonary artery index (99 vs. 106 mm2/m2, p = 0.006). Patients who underwent interventional closure of aortopulmonary collaterals before total cavopulmonary connection had lower pulmonary artery index (141 vs. 169 mm2/m2, p < 0.001), lower right pulmonary artery index (93 vs. 106 mm2/m2, p = 0.007), and left pulmonary artery index (54 vs. 60 mm2/m2, p = 0.013) at Fontan completion. The presence of aortopulmonary collaterals did not influence pulmonary artery size by the time of stage II. However, presence of aortopulmonary collaterals was associated with under-developed pulmonary arteries at Fontan completion, especially in patients who needed interventional closure of aortopulmonary collaterals.
The influence of varying Cu doping concentrations on the microstructure, phase evolution and surface wettability of ceramic glazes modified with nano Cu-ZnO
Authors: Acikbas Gokhan , Calis Acikbas Nurcan , Ubay Elif , Karaer Huseyin
Published: April 2024

This study intended to develop nano Cu-doped nano ZnO-modified ceramic glazes. In this scope, nano-sized ZnO and nano Cu powders were incorporated into a commercial glaze composition and then the modified glaze was applied to the surface using the spraying method. The glazed tiles were sintered in a laboratory furnace at 1210oC for 10 min. The surfaces of the sintered samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. X-Ray diffractometer, surface profilometer and contact angle goniometer. The study examined the influence of varying levels of Cu doping on the microstructural evolution and formation of phases, surface roughness, as well as the contact angle. Additionally, wettability conversion experiments were conducted under UV light. As a result, the addition of Cu increased the presence of Willemite crystals and also increasing the quantity and size of Plagioclase crystals. The contact angle of the sintered commercial glaze coated surface was measured to be 51.8o. However, when nano ZnO was added, the contact angle reduced to 44.4o. Likewise, the contact angle of the Cu doped nano ZnO coated surfaces decreased even further to approximately 33o. The inclusion of nano ZnO in commercial glaze resulted in a decrease in the Ra value, while doping Cu led to a modest increase in the Ra value. UV irradiation resulted in a reduction in the contact angles of all surfaces.
Computational imaging with randomness
Authors: Horisaki Ryoichi
Published: April 2024

Imaging is a longstanding research topic in optics and photonics and is an important tool for a wide range of scientific and engineering fields. Computational imaging is a powerful framework for designing innovative imaging systems by incorporating signal processing into optics. Conventional approaches involve individually designed optical and signal processing systems, which unnecessarily increased costs. Computational imaging, on the other hand, enhances the imaging performance of optical systems, visualizes invisible targets, and minimizes optical hardware. Digital holography and computer-generated holography are the roots of this field. Recent advances in information science, such as deep learning, and increasing computational power have rapidly driven computational imaging and have resulted in the reinvention these imaging technologies. In this paper, I survey recent research topics in computational imaging, where optical randomness is key. Imaging through scattering media, non-interferometric quantitative phase imaging, and real-time computer-generated holography are representative examples. These recent optical sensing and control technologies will serve as the foundations of next-generation imaging systems in various fields, such as biomedicine, security, and astronomy.
Integration of the expanded disability status scale with ambulation, visual and cognitive tests
Authors: Sarnataro Alessio , Cuomo Nunzia , Russo Cinzia Valeria , Carotenuto Antonio , Lanzillo Roberta , Moccia Marcello , Petracca Maria , Morra Vincenzo Brescia , Saccà Francesco
Published: April 2024

Introduction

The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is usually calculated through a neurological examination with self-reported performance. This may lead to incorrect assessment of Functional System scores (FSs). Aim of our study was to estimate the difference between EDSS obtained during routine visits, or after specific tests.

Methods

We enrolled 670 MS patients that underwent a regular neurology consultation, and visual evaluation using optotype tables, ambulation evaluation with a rodometer, and cognitive assessment with the Brief International Cognitive assessment for MS (BICAMS). We calculated a new integrated EDSS (iEDSS) using the refined values of the FS and compared it to the standard EDSS.

Results

Visual, cerebral and ambulation FSs were significantly higher compared with the self-reported counterpart [+ 1.169 (95%CI 1.077, 1.262; p < 0.001), + 0.727 (95%CI 0.653, 0.801; p < 0.001) and + 0.822 (95%CI 0.705, 0.939; p < 0.001), respectively]. Mean iEDSS was higher than EDSS (+ 0.642; p < 0.001). Visual acuity tests worsened the EDSS in 31% of cases, cognitive tests in 10%, ambulation measurement in 35%, all three measurements in 59% of cases.

Conclusions

Objective measurement of FSs results in a more accurate EDSS score in almost two-thirds of cases. This could lead to a more thorough evaluation of patients in the transition or progressive phase.
Critical Gaps in Assisted Outpatient Treatment Research in the United States
Authors: Hancq Elizabeth Sinclair , Munetz Mark , Silver Shanti C. , Parker Hope A. , Bonfine Natalie
Published: April 2024

In 2023, the White House included the implementation and improvement of assisted outpatient treatment in a list of under-researched strategies to support recovery and long-term treatment engagement for people with serious mental illness. Assisted outpatient treatment is a community-based, court-ordered, mental health treatment program for a subset of individuals with serious mental illness who have a history of difficulty adhering to treatment and staying well while living in the community. There is research supporting the use of assisted outpatient treatment for this specific population, however, the majority focuses on limited geographic regions, specific program organizations, and is outdated. Meanwhile, assisted outpatient treatment programs have increasingly been adopted by counties and states across the country. More research is needed to ensure that assisted outpatient treatment programs are being implemented in the most effective and equitable way possible. In this paper, the authors identify several key gaps in the current literature base relating to the effectiveness and implementation of assisted outpatient treatment.
Local Similarity Theory as the Invariant Solution of the Governing Equations
Authors: Wacławczyk Marta , Yano Jun-Ichi , Florczyk Grzegorz M.
Published: April 2024

The present paper shows that local similarity theories, proposed for the strongly-stratified boundary layers, can be derived as invariant solutions defined under the Lie-group theory. A system truncated to the mean momentum and buoyancy equations is considered for this purpose. The study further suggests how similarity functions for the mean profiles are determined from the vertical fluxes, with a potential dependence on a measure of the anisotropy of the system. A time scale that is likely to characterize the transiency of a system is also identified as a non-dimensionalization factor.
Investigating the impact of technology-supported 3E learning model in disaster education
Authors: Arıkan Alaattin , Bilen Mert , Aladağ Elif
Published: April 2024

This research aimed to investigate the effect of a technology-supported 3E learning model on middle school students’ knowledge of disasters and their attitudes towards disaster preparedness. To this end, it used an explanatory sequential mixed methods design. Quantitative and qualitative data were used to describe how the technology-supported 3E learning model changes the learning environment. A pretest-posttest control group quasi-experimental design was used in the quantitative part of the research, and a case study was used in the qualitative part. The experimental procedure lasted for six weeks. The sample consisted of 33 fifth-grade students attending a public school. The Disaster Preparedness Attitude Scale, an achievement test, and an interview form were used as data collection tools. The analysis results showed that the experimental group achieved statistically significantly higher scores in the posttest and the retention test of the Disaster Preparedness Attitude Scale, and the achievement test compared to the control group. Additionally, according to student views, the technology-supported 3E learning model is more helpful in acquiring skills and values, provides the opportunity to learn by experiencing, increases students’ motivation, and facilitates effective disaster education. These results indicate that conducting activities on a subject that concerns the whole society, such as disasters, using advancing and innovative technological devices, preparing lesson plans, and demonstrating their effectiveness in education will make a significant contribution to the literature.
Deciphering the physical meaning of Gibbs’s maximum work equation
Authors: Hanlon Robert T.
Published: April 2024

J. Willard Gibbs derived the following equation to quantify the maximum work possible for a chemical reaction

$${\text{Maximum work }} = \, - \Delta {\text{G}}_{{{\text{rxn}}}} = \, - \left( {\Delta {\text{H}}_{{{\text{rxn}}}} {-}{\text{ T}}\Delta {\text{S}}_{{{\text{rxn}}}} } \right) {\text{ constant T}},{\text{P}}$$

Maximum work

=

-
Δ

G
rxn

=

-

Δ

H
rxn

-

T

Δ

S
rxn

constant T

,
P

∆Hrxn is the enthalpy change of reaction as measured in a reaction calorimeter and ∆Grxn the change in Gibbs energy as measured, if feasible, in an electrochemical cell by the voltage across the two half-cells. To Gibbs, reaction spontaneity corresponds to negative values of ∆Grxn. But what is T∆Srxn, absolute temperature times the change in entropy? Gibbs stated that this term quantifies the heating/cooling required to maintain constant temperature in an electrochemical cell. Seeking a deeper explanation than this, one involving the behaviors of atoms and molecules that cause these thermodynamic phenomena, I employed an “atoms first” approach to decipher the physical underpinning of T∆Srxn and, in so doing, developed the hypothesis that this term quantifies the change in “structural energy” of the system during a chemical reaction. This hypothesis now challenges me to similarly explain the physical underpinning of the Gibbs–Helmholtz equation

$${\text{d}}\left( {\Delta {\text{G}}_{{{\text{rxn}}}} } \right)/{\text{dT}} = - \Delta {\text{S}}_{{{\text{rxn}}}} \left( {\text{constant P}} \right)$$

d

Δ

G
rxn

/
dT
=
-
Δ

S
rxn

constant P

While this equation illustrates a relationship between ∆Grxn and ∆Srxn, I don’t understand how this is so, especially since orbital electron energies that I hypothesize are responsible for ∆Grxn are not directly involved in the entropy determination of atoms and molecules that are responsible for ∆Srxn. I write this paper to both share my progress and also to seek help from any who can clarify this for me.
Crossings and collisions – Exploring how roe deer navigate the road network
Authors: Märtz Johanna , Brieger Falko , Bhardwaj Manisha
Published: April 2024

Context

To investigate the major impact of roads on wildlife, most studies focus on hot-spots of wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVC) to identify areas in need of mitigation measures. However, on road stretches where the frequency of WVC is low, a question arises: is this because those locations are 'safe’ places for wildlife to cross the road with little risk of collisions; or is it because individuals avoid approaching and crossing the road in these locations?

Objectives

In this study, we addressed this gap by evaluating how roe deer crossings are related to WVC risk across the road network.

Methods

We used 56 076 WVC locations between 2013 and 2017 to predict the spatiotemporal risk zones in response to environmental, road-related and seasonal predictors using Species-Distribution Modelling (SDM). We compared the predictive WVC risk to the location of 20 744 road crossing by 46 GPS-collared roe deer individuals.

Results

We found that the risk of WVC with roe deer tends to be higher on federal roads that are present in a density of approximate 2.2 km/km2 and surrounded by broad-leafed forests and demonstrate that SDMs can be a powerful tool to predict the risk of WVC across the road network. Roe deer crossed roads more frequently in high WVC risk areas. Temporally, the number of WVC changed throughout the year, which can be linked to roe deer movement patterns rather than landscape features. Within this study, we did not identify any road segments that were a complete barrier to roe deer movement.

Conclusions

The absence of complete barriers to roe deer movement detected in the present study, might be due to the low spatial variation of the landscape, coupled with the high individual variation in movement behaviour. By applying our approach at greater spatial scales and in other landscape contexts, future studies can continue to explore the potential barrier impacts of roads on landscape connectivity. Exploring the relationship between crossing activity and collision risk can improve one’s ability to correctly identify road stretches that require mitigation measures to improve connectivity versus reduce collisions.
A pose estimation for motion tracking of infants cerebral palsy
Authors: Ali Manal Mostafa , Mohamed Samer I.
Published: April 2024

The General Movements Analysis (GMA) has demonstrated noteworthy promise in the early detection of infantile Cerebral Palsy (CP). However, it is subjective and requires highly trained clinicians, making it costly and time-consuming. Automation of GMA could potentially enhance accessibility and further our comprehension of infants’ full-body movements. This paper investigates the feasibility of using 2D and 3D pose estimation strategies to observe and scrutinize the infant’s comprehensive body movement attributes to improve our perspective to consider joint movement and positions over time as an alternative to GMA for early CP prediction. The study includes comprehensive movement analysis from video recordings for accurate and efficient analysis of infant movement by computing various metrics such as angle orientations at different predicted joint locations, postural information, postural variability, movement velocity, movement variability, and left–right movement coordination. Along with antigravity movements are assessed and tracked as indicators of CP. We employed a variety Machine Learning (ML) algorithms for CP classification based on a series of robust features that have been developed to enhance the interpretability of the model. The proposed approach is assessed through experimentation using the MINI-RGBD and RVI-38 datasets with a classification accuracy of 92% and 97.37% respectively. These results substantiate the efficacy of employing pose estimation techniques for the precocious prediction of infantile CP, highlighting the importance of monitoring changes in joint angles over time for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.
The electoral effect of pork barrel politics: evidence from England
Authors: Lattmann Johannes
Published: April 2024

This study examines the effect of the allocation of centralised funding on electoral support for the incumbent by utilising the introduction of the “Towns Fund” in England in 2019 as a natural experiment. For causal identification, I leverage a difference-in-difference design to examine the electoral effect of this fund. My findings suggest that providing funding to constituencies significantly increased the vote share of the Conservative Party in the General Election in 2019. However, in a subset of constituencies in which the Labour Party constitutes the incumbent, the findings can not be replicated for all specifications and robustness checks. Furthermore, I do not find consistent support that the effect is stronger in economically deprived constituencies. Similarly, the results suggest that the voting outcome depends on the total amount of funding being received, however, this finding does not reach statistical significance. These results complement the literature by providing empirical evidence for pork barrel as a functioning means for vote buying for the Conservative government in 2019 in England. Furthermore, this paper emphasises that partisanship should be considered as a mediating variable when analysing the political effect of providing place-based funding.
Comparison of reversed-phase, hydrophilic interaction, and porous graphitic carbon chromatography columns for an untargeted toxicometabolomics study in pooled human liver microsomes, rat urine, and rat plasma
Authors: Hemmer Selina , Manier Sascha K. , Wagmann Lea , Meyer Markus R.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Untargeted metabolomics studies are expected to cover a wide range of compound classes with high chemical diversity and complexity. Thus, optimizing (pre-)analytical parameters such as the analytical liquid chromatography (LC) column is crucial and the selection of the column depends primarily on the study purpose.

Objectives

The current investigation aimed to compare six different analytical columns. First, by comparing the chromatographic resolution of selected compounds. Second, on the outcome of an untargeted toxicometabolomics study using pooled human liver microsomes (pHLM), rat plasma, and rat urine as matrices.

Methods

Separation and analysis were performed using three different reversed-phase (Phenyl-Hexyl, BEH C18, and Gold C18), two hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) (ammonium-sulfonic acid and sulfobetaine), and one porous graphitic carbon (PGC) columns coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Their impact was evaluated based on the column performance and the size of feature count, amongst others.

Results

All three reversed-phase columns showed a similar performance, whereas the PGC column was superior to both HILIC columns at least for polar compounds. Comparing the size of feature count across all datasets, most features were detected using the Phenyl-Hexyl or sulfobetaine column. Considering the matrices, most significant features were detected in urine and pHLM after using the sulfobetaine and in plasma after using the ammonium-sulfonic acid column.

Conclusion

The results underline that the outcome of this untargeted toxicometabolomic study LC-HRMS metabolomic study was highly influenced by the analytical column, with the Phenyl-Hexyl or sulfobetaine column being the most suitable. However, column selection may also depend on the investigated compounds as well as on the investigated matrix.

Graphical abstract
Can Incidental Gastric GISTs During Bariatric Surgeries Change the Primary Plan of Surgery? A Single Team Experience and a Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Abokhozima Ahmed , Zidan Mohamed H. , Altabbaa Hashem , Abo Elmagd Ahmed , Alokl Mohammed , Fathy Fatmaelzahraa , Amgad Ahmed , Al Shaqran Osama , Eissa Mahmoud Hammad , Selim Aliaa
Published: April 2024

As bariatric surgeries (BS) increase, more incidental findings are liable to be discovered. Incidental gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) during BS can be found in around 0.7% of the cases. In this article, we have performed a systematic review of the literature and added our data to those of the review to review a conceptual treatment strategy to both improve patient outcomes and decrease the risk of overall cancer. With the rise of new bariatric techniques, we have proposed a new classification to BS to enhance our description of the treatment strategy.

Graphical Abstract