bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Role for Nuclear F-Actin Induction in Human Cytomegalovirus Nuclear Egress
Authors: Wilkie Adrian R. , Lawler Jessica L. , Coen Donald M.
Published: August 2016

Herpesviruses, which include important pathogens, remodel the host cell nucleus to facilitate infection. This remodeling includes the formation of structures called replication compartments (RCs) in which herpesviruses replicate their DNA. During infection with the betaherpesvirus, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), viral DNA synthesis occurs at the periphery of RCs within the nuclear interior, after which assembled capsids must reach the inner nuclear membrane (INM) for translocation to the cytoplasm (nuclear egress). The processes that facilitate movement of HCMV capsids to the INM during nuclear egress are unknown. Although an actin-based mechanism of alphaherpesvirus capsid trafficking to the INM has been proposed, it is controversial. Here, using a fluorescently-tagged, nucleus-localized actin-binding peptide, we show that HCMV, but not herpes simplex virus 1, strongly induced nuclear actin filaments (F-actin) in human fibroblasts. Based on studies using UV inactivation and inhibitors, this induction depended on viral gene expression. Interestingly, by 24 h postinfection, nuclear F-actin formed thicker structures that appeared by super-resolution microscopy to be bundles of filaments. Later in infection, nuclear F-actin primarily localized along the RC periphery and between the RC periphery and the nuclear rim. Importantly, a drug that depolymerized nuclear F-actin caused defects in production of infectious virus, capsid accumulation in the cytoplasm, and capsid localization near the nuclear rim, without decreasing capsid accumulation in the nucleus. Thus, our results suggest that for at least one herpesvirus, nuclear F-actin promotes capsid movement to the nuclear periphery and nuclear egress. We discuss our results in terms of competing models for these processes.

IMPORTANCE
The mechanisms underlying herpesvirus nuclear egress have not been fully determined. In particular, how newly assembled capsids move to the inner nuclear membrane for envelopment is uncertain and controversial. In this study, we show that HCMV, an important human pathogen, induces actin filaments in the nuclei of infected cells and that an inhibitor of nuclear F-actin impairs nuclear egress and capsid localization toward the nuclear periphery. Herpesviruses are widespread pathogens that cause or contribute to an array of human diseases. A better understanding of how herpesvirus capsids traffic in the nucleus may uncover novel targets for antiviral intervention and elucidate aspects of the nuclear cytoskeleton, about which little is known.
Nanoscale deformation twinning in xenotime, a new shocked mineral, from the Santa Fe impact structure (New Mexico, USA)
Authors: Cavosie Aaron J. , Montalvo Pedro E. , Timms Nicholas E. , Reddy Steven M.
Published: August 2016

Shock microstructures in refractory accessory minerals such as zircon and monazite provide crucial evidence for deciphering impact-related deformation in a wide variety of planetary materials. Here we describe the first occurrence of shock deformation in xenotime, YPO4, from a shocked quartz–bearing shatter cone in granite at the Santa Fe impact structure (New Mexico, USA). Backscattered electron imaging shows that shocked xenotime grains near the surface of a shatter cone contain multiple orientations of closely spaced planar fractures. High-resolution electron backscatter diffraction mapping reveals that some of the planar microstructures in {112} contain deformation twin lamellae that range from 50 nm to 200 nm in width on the polished surface and occur in up to three crystallographic orientations. Other features attributed to impact, such as planar low-angle boundaries and planar deformation bands, record crystal-plastic deformation. Shatter cone formation and co-existing shocked quartz constrain minimum shock pressure experienced by the xenotime grains to 5–10 GPa. An upper limit of 20 GPa is tentatively assigned based on the absence of YPO4 polymorphs and shock twins in co-existing zircon. We propose that {112} deformation twins in xenotime constitute a diagnostic record of shock metamorphism, similar to {112} twins in zircon; they have not previously been reported in nature and occur in a rock with conspicuous evidence of shock deformation. Documentation of deformation twins in xenotime, a widely applied U-Pb geochronometer, can be used to identify hypervelocity deformation in shocked rocks, detrital grains, and other materials, and may be particularly ideal for recording low-pressure (<20 GPa) impact conditions that do not produce diagnostic shock microstructures in zircon.
Palliative chemotherapy among people living in poverty with metastasised colon cancer: facilitation by primary care and health insurance
Authors: Gorey Kevin M , Bartfay Emma , Kanjeekal Sindu M , Wright Frances C , Hamm Caroline , Luginaah Isaac N , Zou Guangyong , Holowaty Eric J , Richter Nancy L , Balagurusamy Madhan K
Published: August 2016

Background

Many Americans with metastasised colon cancer do not receive indicated palliative chemotherapy. We examined the effects of health insurance and physician supplies on such chemotherapy in California.

Methods

We analysed registry data for 1199 people with metastasised colon cancer diagnosed between 1996 and 2000 and followed for 1 year. We obtained data on health insurance, census tract-based socioeconomic status and county-level physician supplies. Poor neighbourhoods were oversampled and the criterion was receipt of chemotherapy. Effects were described with rate ratios (RR) and tested with logistic regression models.

Results

Palliative chemotherapy was received by less than half of the participants (45%). Facilitating effects of primary care (RR=1.23) and health insurance (RR=1.14) as well as an impeding effect of specialised care (RR=0.86) were observed. Primary care physician (PCP) supply took precedence. Adjusting for poverty, PCP supply was the only significant and strong predictor of chemotherapy (OR=1.62, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.56). The threshold for this primary care advantage was realised in communities with 8.5 or more PCPs per 10 000 inhabitants. Only 10% of participants lived in such well-supplied communities.

Conclusions

This study's observations of facilitating effects of primary care and health insurance on palliative chemotherapy for metastasised colon cancer clearly suggested a way to maximise Affordable Care Act (ACA) protections. Strengthening America's system of primary care will probably be the best way to ensure that the ACA's full benefits are realised. Such would go a long way towards facilitating access to palliative care.
Unpalatable, yet unprotected: trout reduce survival and development rate of rare toad tadpoles despite chemical defense
Authors: Lanier Wendy E. , Bestgen Kevin R. , Funk W. Chris , Bailey Larissa L.
Published: August 2016

Unpalatable prey species often have toxins that protect from direct consumption. However, negative effects of prey manipulation by predators are rarely considered and may understate impacts to unpalatable species. When both prey and predator are species of concern, stronger understanding of the predator–prey relationship is warranted. We explored direct and indirect effects of greenback cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii stomias) on boreal toad (Anaxyrus boreas boreas) tadpole survival, growth, and development, as well as postmetamorphosis survival and growth. We found exposure to O. clarkii stomias delayed metamorphosis by 1–2.5 days and reduced tadpole survival by up to 25%, even though only a single tadpole was consumed. Tadpoles from captive-bred eggs had lower survival, growth, and greater loss in body condition after metamorphosis compared with tadpoles from wild eggs. We found that O. clarkii stomias do not innately avoid A. boreas boreas but instead strike tadpoles to determine prey palatability and repeated gustation likely reduced survival. Our results shed light on unresolved issues with A. boreas boreas captive breeding and demonstrate the nonconsumptive negative impacts of predators.
In situ identification and quantification of protein-hydrolyzing ruminal bacteria associated with the digestion of barley and corn grain
Authors: Xia Yun , Kong Yunhong , Huang Heping , Yang Hee Eun , Forster Robert , McAllister Tim A.
Published: August 2016

In this study, BODIPY FL DQ™ casein staining combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to detect and identify protein-hydrolyzing bacteria within biofilms that produced active cell-surface-associated serine- and metallo-proteases during the ruminal digestion of barley and corn grain in cows fed barley-based diets at 2 different levels. A doublet coccoid bacterial morphotype associated with barley and corn grain particles fluoresced after BODIPY FL DQ™ casein staining. Bacteria with this morphotype accounted for 3%–10% of the total bacteria attached to surface of cereal grain particles, possibly indicative of an important role in the hydrolysis of the protein matrix within the endosperm. However, the identity of these predominant proteolytic bacteria could not be determined using FISH. Quantitative FISH revealed that known proteolytic species, Prevotella ruminicola, Ruminobacter amylophilus, and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, were attached to particles of various cultivars of barley grain and corn, confirming their role in the proteolysis of cereal grains. Differences in chemical composition among different barley cultivars did not affect the composition of proteolytic bacterial populations. However, the concentrate level in the basal diet did have an impact on the relative abundance of proteolytic bacteria and thus possibly their overall contribution to the proteolysis of cereal grains.
Three pion nucleon coupling constants
Authors: Ruiz Arriola E. , Amaro J. E. , Navarro Pérez R.
Published: August 2016

There exist four pion nucleon coupling constants, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] which coincide when up and down quark masses are identical and the electron charge is zero. While there is no reason why the pion–nucleon–nucleon coupling constants should be identical in the real world, one expects that the small differences might be pinned down from a sufficiently large number of independent and mutually consistent data. Our discussion provides a rationale for our recent determination [Formula: see text] based on a partial wave analysis of the [Formula: see text] self-consistent nucleon–nucleon Granada-2013 database comprising 6713 published data in the period 1950–2013.
Cancelable Fingerprint Cryptosystem Using Multiple Spiral Curves and Fuzzy Commitment Scheme
Authors: Sandhya Mulagala , Prasad Munaga V. N. K.
Published: August 2016

The increased use of biometric-based authentication systems in a variety of applications has made biometric template protection an important issue. Unlike conventional systems, biometric cannot be revoked or changed. This made template protection a critical issue to be considered in the recent years. This paper proposes a cancelable fingerprint cryptosystem using multiple spiral curves and fuzzy commitment scheme. The method is built by combining cancelable biometrics and biometric cryptosystems. First, we compute transformed minutiae features using multiple spiral curves. Further, these transformed features are encrypted using fuzzy commitment scheme. Hence, a secure template is obtained. Experimental results and analysis prove the credibility of proposed method with recently presented methods of fingerprint template protection.
Hybrid Invasive Weed Optimization Algorithm for Parameter Estimation of Pharmacokinetic Model
Authors: Deng Tan , Li Kenli
Published: August 2016

Given that the traditional methods of estimating pharmacokinetic parameters are constrained by the sensitivity of their initial value and incapability of evolutionary algorithm to determine search range, this paper proposes a hybrid invasive weed optimization (HIWO) algorithm by combining the Hooke–Jeeves (HJ) and invasive weed optimization (IWO) algorithm. Using the HIWO algorithm for the parameter optimization by the experiment of extravascular administration two-compartment model, we can see that the proposed method is not only better than traditional feathering method (FM) in terms of numerical stability, but also better than HJ and IWO in terms of error minimization. The experimental results show that HIWO algorithm is a feasible method to optimize the pharmacokinetic parameters, which has higher precision and stronger robustness than the other techniques.
Kalman Filtering Solution Converges on a Personal Computer
Authors: Battaglin Paulo David , Barreto Gilmar
Published: August 2016

Instantaneous observability is used to watch a system output with very fast signals as well as it is a system property that enables to estimate system internal states. This property depends on the pair of discrete matrices [Formula: see text] and it considers that the system state equations are known. The problem is that the system states are inside and they are not always accessible directly. A process, which is a time-varying running program in four parts composes the system under investigation here. It is shown it is possible to apply Kalman filtering on a digital personal computer’s system with particularly the four parts like the ones under investigation. A computing process is performed during a period of time called latency. The calculation of latency considers it as a random variable with Gaussian distribution. The potential application of the results attained is the forecasting of data traffic-jam on a digital personal computer, which has very fast signals inside. In a broader perspective, this method to calculate latency can be applied on other digital personal computer processes such as processes on random access memory. It is also possible to apply this method on local area networks and mainframes.
Chiral phase transitions in the linear sigma model in the Tsallis nonextensive statistics
Authors: Ishihara Masamichi
Published: August 2016

In this paper, we studied chiral phase transitions in the Tsallis nonextensive statistics which has two parameters, the temperature [Formula: see text] and entropic parameter [Formula: see text]. The linear sigma model was used in this study. The critical temperature, condensate, masses and energy density were calculated under the massless free particle approximation. The critical temperature decreases as [Formula: see text] increases. The condensate at [Formula: see text] is smaller than that at [Formula: see text]. The sigma mass at [Formula: see text] is heavier than the mass at [Formula: see text] at high temperature, while the sigma mass at [Formula: see text] is lighter than the mass at [Formula: see text] at low temperature. The pion mass at [Formula: see text] is heavier than the mass at [Formula: see text]. The energy density increases remarkably as [Formula: see text] increases. The [Formula: see text] dependence in the case of the [Formula: see text]-expectation value is weaker than that in the case of the conventional expectation value with a Tsallis distribution. The parameter [Formula: see text] should be smaller than [Formula: see text] from energetic point of view. The validity of the Tsallis statistics can be determined by the difference in [Formula: see text] of the restriction for [Formula: see text] when the interaction is weak, because the parameter [Formula: see text] is smaller than [Formula: see text] in the case of the conventional expectation value with a Tsallis distribution.
PULSE HOSPITALIZATION TO CONTROL SIS DISEASES ON FARMS: ECONOMICS EFFECTS
Authors: CÓRDOVA-LEPE FERNANDO , ROBLEDO GONZALO , SOLIS M. EUGENIA
Published: August 2016

This paper introduces a mathematical model of control for an animal epidemic outbreak in an ideal farm. What has been considered for this is poultry, aquaculture or livestock affected by an infectious disease (without immunity), which moderately threatens its economic performance and the local biosecurity. In this context, a control strategy is proposed, which is described by a sequence of rotative partial quarantines, where a fraction of the infected livestock is isolated to receive special care (hospitalization). A parametric threshold is obtained, ensuring a future healthy livestock. Furthermore, some economic and epidemiologic consequences have been studied.
A NOTE ON SDRE CONTROL APPLIED IN PREDATOR–PREY MODEL: BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SPIDER MITE PANONYCHUS ULMI
Authors: TUSSET ANGELO MARCELO , PICCIRILLO VINÍCIUS , BALTHAZAR JOSE MANOEL
Published: August 2016

The spider mite Panonychus ulmi (P. ulmi) is one of the most important pests of apple plantations. Studies suggested that spider mite Neoseiulus californicus (N. californicus) is able to control spider mite P. Ulmi, minimizing the risk of having leaves with high index of injury, therefore avoiding economic damage. In this work, we consider a predator–prey system, where the prey is the mite P. ulmi and its predator is the spider mite N. californicus. The coefficients for the Lotka–Volterra model with competition between predators are obtained. Here, we will use the state-dependent riccati equation (SDRE) control technique to design a state feedback control, and to determine a state observer. In both cases, it is necessary to solve the quadratic optimal control problem for nonlinear systems. Numerical simulations shown that both approaches are efficient to stabilize the system in a desired point below the critical concentration, allowing us to minimize the level of economic damage.
On the spectral distribution of distance-k graph of free product graphs
Authors: Arizmendi Octavio , Gaxiola Tulio
Published: August 2016

We calculate the distribution with respect to the vacuum state of the distance-[Formula: see text] graph of a [Formula: see text]-regular tree. From this result we show that the distance-[Formula: see text] graph of a [Formula: see text]-regular graphs converges to the distribution of the distance-[Formula: see text] graph of a regular tree. Finally, we prove that, properly normalized, the asymptotic distributions of distance-[Formula: see text] graphs of the [Formula: see text]-fold free product graph, as [Formula: see text] tends to infinity, is given by the distribution of [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a semicirlce random variable and [Formula: see text] is the [Formula: see text]th Chebychev polynomial.
GENE EXPRESSION OF BOVINE PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLSIN VITROCHALLENGED WITHMYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS
Authors: Cheng Yafen , Chou Chung-Hsi , Tsai Hsiang-Jung
Published: August 2016

Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) is causative agent of tuberculosis in cattle and humans populations. To understand its effects on gene expression profiles, we conducted an in vitro time-course study to identify transcriptional changes in infected bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), using quantitative RT-PCR. We discovered a likely involvement of C-type lectin domain family 4, member E (CLEC4E) in triggering a series of negative intracellular signaling via Syk/CARD9 pathway for cytokines, as early as 24 h post-infection (hpi). This is the first report confirming induction of CLEC4E and the Syk/CARD9 pathway in PBMCs in response to M. bovis infection, and these findings support the view that M. bovis inhibits signaling pathways of antimycobacterial host defense in bovine cells. In addition, M. bovis infection in PBMCs may suppress apoptosis by interfering with TNF-[Formula: see text] signaling. This study, contributes to a better understanding of M. bovis-reduced signal transduction and microbial changes in PBMCs earlier than 24 hpi.
Simple Non‐Radioactive Methods of Analysis of Polymorphic Markers Flanking Human Apolipoprotein C‐III Gene
Authors: Surguchov Andrei P. , Liu Shao-Bin , Patsch Wolfgang
Published: August 2016

We describe two rapid non‐radioactive methods for the analysis of polymorphic markers in the flanking region of the human apolipoprotein CIII gene. The polymorphic markers comprise previously described variable sites located upstream from the coding region of the gene (C‐641→A, G‐630→A, T‐625→deletion, C‐482→T, and T‐455→C) and a polymorphic SstI /SacI site in the apoC‐III 3′ untranslated region. The first method is allele‐specific amplification (ASA) with primers complementary to the normal (“wild‐type”) allele or to the variable (“mutant”) allele at their 3′ ends. The other is allele‐specific oligonucleotide hybridization (A SO hybridization) with pairs of probes labeled by digoxigenin. Comparison with sequencing data showed that both methods are reliable for polymorphism analysis.
Irregular Distortion of The Erythrocytes (Acanthocytes, Spur Cells) in Senile Dementia
Authors: Goodall H. B. , Reid A. H. , Findlay D. J. , Hind C. , Kay J. , Coghill G.
Published: August 2016

An excess of irregularly di storted red cells with spiked forms (acanthocytes. spur cells) has been found in a substantial minority of patient s with seni le dementia of Alzheimer type (7 of 50 patients, 3 of 21 men and 4 of 29 women). Of 100 control patients, 42 men and 58 women), 5 (men and 2 women) showed comparable distortion, but, of these, one man may well have incipient dementia and the others had serious organic di seases which may be associated with comparable erythrocytic changes. The cause of the distortion is not yet clear, but the presence of occasional giant erythrocytes in the absence of general macrocytosis suggests a possible abnormality of cell membrane synthes is. This distortion may be a useful marker in patients with loss of memory. Whether it is a manifestation of a haemopoietic clone or a constitutional anomaly associated with Alzheimer’s disease remains to be seen.
Attitudes Toward Predictive Testing for Alzheimer’s Disease in a Student Population
Authors: Welkenhuysen M. , Evers-Kiebooms G. , Van den Berghe H.
Published: August 2016

Attitudes toward predictive testing for Alzheimer’s disease and knowledge about this disease were investigated in a group of medical and psychology students. Overall, knowledge was poor and their own chance of getting Alzheimer’s disease was mostly perceived as small. About half the students thought the development of a predictive test for Alzheimer’s disease important, while the other half held the opposite view. Considerable variability was also observed in the judgement of the (dis)advantages of such a test. Only a minority of the students would like to have had a predictive test themselves. Important arguments against a predictive test concerned the absence of a treatment for Alzheimer’s disease and the emotional burden of a positive test result. Arguments in favour dealt with the ability to make plans for the future and to prepare oneself for the disease. The divergence in attitudes and opinions reflects the complexity of predictive testing for Alzheimer’s disease. Stepwise regression revealed that knowledge about Alzheimer’s disease and, to a lesser extent, risk perception are significant predictors of attitudes toward predictive testing. However, they only explain a small part of the variance in attitudes. Moreover, why attitudes are less positive when knowledge and perceived susceptibility increase is not clear.
Epidemiology of Community‐Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Marrie Thomas J
Published: August 2016

Community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common and a serious illness. Streptococcus pneumoniae accounts for about half of all cases of CAP. Atypical pneumonia, ie, pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Chlamydia pneumoniae. Legione species or viruses, is more common among patients treated on an ambulatory basis where these pathogens can collectively cause up to half of all cases of pneumonia. Changes in patient and microbe populations alter The epidemiology of pneumonia. Aspiration and Gram‐negative rod pneumonia tend to be more common in nursing home populations. The emergence of macrolide‐ and beta‐lactam‐resistant S pneumoniae has major implications for the approach to patients with CAP.
Antibacterial Activity of Grepafloxacin
Authors: Wiedemann B , Heisig P
Published: August 2016

Grepafloxin has an extremely broad spectrum of activity. Its activity against Gram‐positive bacteria exceeds that of currently available quinolones. Grepafloxacin‐resistant mutants seem to occur less frequently than ciprofloxacin ‐ or ofloxacin‐resistant mutants, and the increase in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against the former mutants is less than that of the latter. This applies only to the relative differences (in dilution steps); the absolute values are similar. Grepafloxacin kills Gram‐positive bacteria at concentrations little above the MIC. Its pharmacodynamic profile against pneumococci is promising, favouring use of this drug for respiratory tract infections.
Study on NO Heterogeneous Reduction Mechanism under Gasification Condition
Authors: Huang Xiangyong , Zhang Chengbin , Li Xiaochuan , Huang Che
Published: August 2016

Chemisorption of NO and successive heterogeneous reduction mechanisms on the well-defined char models under carbon/char-CO2gasification condition were investigated using density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-31G (d) level of theory. The characteristics of gasification process were concluded and incorporated into the theoretical calculations by establishing three gasification char models and taking into account the presence of CO in ambient gas pool. The results indicate that both the configuration of char model and adsorption mode have significant influence on the NO adsorption energy. Intensive gasification surface is likely to be thermally unfavorable and the O-down mode is regarded as the most inactive approach for NO’s adsorbing. Finally, NO heterogeneous reduction mechanisms on the three char models under gasification are proposed based on detailed analysis on thermodynamic data and atomic bond populations.
In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Nanoparticles: A Comparison between Particle Size and Cell Type
Authors: Sahu Devashri , Kannan G. M. , Tailang Mukul , Vijayaraghavan R.
Published: August 2016

The reduction in size of Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Silicon dioxide (SiO2) particles from micron to nano scale offers unique physical characteristics on one hand while making them cytotoxic on other hand. The present study was aimed at comparing cytotoxic effects of ZnO and SiO2 nanoparticles with their micron size and secondary aim was to compare responses of these particles to two different cell types, namely, human lung epithelial cells (L-132) and human monocytes (THP-1). The L-132 and THP-1 cells were exposed to nano and micron size of ZnO and SiO2 particles with different concentrations (5–500 μg/mL) for 24 h, and cytotoxicity was analyzed by MTT assay, live-dead staining, and TC-50 was calculated. ZnO and SiO2 particles showed concentration-dependent cytotoxicity in both cell lines. In size-dependent study, ZnO particles exhibited nearly equal toxicity profile in L-132 cells while in THP-1 cells nano ZnO showed more toxicity than its micron size. The SiO2 particles showed more toxicity in their nano size than micron size in both cell lines. Human monocytes, THP-1 cells, were more sensitive towards the toxicity of both particles than human lung cells, L-132. The results highlight the difference of cytotoxicity between particle sizes and differential sensitivity of cells towards the particles of same composition. In conclusion, ZnO and SiO2 particles exhibited concentration-dependent toxicity, which was more in their nano size than micron counterpart. However, the toxic response varies depending on type of cell exposed due to differential sensitivity.
Stabilization of Networked Control Systems with Induced Delays and Actuator Saturation
Authors: Zhang Luo , Chen Mou , Wu Qingxian , Wu Bei
Published: August 2016

The problem of state feedback stabilization is studied for networked control systems (NCSs) subject to actuator saturation and network-induced delays. To facilitate the controller design, the NCSs are modeled as a class of discrete-time systems with bounded delays and input saturation. Based on Lyapunov-Krasovskii theory and free weighting matrix approach, the sufficient condition is derived in terms of linear matrix inequality for the asymptotic stability. Finally, the effectiveness of the developed control approach is proved through numerical examples.
From Normal Skin to Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Quest for Novel Biomarkers
Authors: Voiculescu Vlad , Calenic Bogdan , Ghita Mihaela , Lupu Mihai , Caruntu Ana , Moraru Liliana , Voiculescu Suzana , Ion Alexandra , Greabu Maria , Ishkitiev Nikolay , Caruntu Constantin
Published: August 2016

Squamous cells carcinoma (SCC) is the second most frequent of the keratinocyte-derived malignancies after basal cell carcinoma and is associated with a significant psychosocial and economic burden for both the patient himself and society. Reported risk factors for the malignant transformation of keratinocytes and development of SCC include ultraviolet light exposure, followed by chronic scarring and inflammation, exposure to chemical compounds (arsenic, insecticides, and pesticides), and immune-suppression. Despite various available treatment methods and recent advances in noninvasive or minimal invasive diagnostic techniques, the risk recurrence and metastasis are far from being negligible, even in patients with negative histological margins and lymph nodes. Analyzing normal, dysplastic, and malignant keratinocyte proteome holds special promise for novel biomarker discovery in SCC that could be used in the future for early detection, risk assessment, tumor monitoring, and development of targeted therapeutic strategies.
The Effects of Declining Fertility on Household Socioeconomic Conditions in Tanzania: A Comparative Study of Urban versus Rural Areas of Kwimba District, Mwanza Region
Authors: Masanja George Felix , Lwankomezi Emmanuel , Emmanuel Chrisant
Published: August 2016

This study examined the effects of declining fertility on household socioeconomic and health conditions in Tanzania, using a comparative survey of urban versus rural areas of Kwimba District in Mwanza region. Cross-sectional cum causal-comparative research design was adopted for the study. The target population is comprised of all females of the childbearing age residing in Kwimba District. The study utilized a stratified random sampling technique to pick two areas in the district while disproportionate random sampling technique was used to select 196 respondents. A questionnaire was used to elicit information from the respondents. Multivariate analyses were adopted to answer the three research questions of the study. The findings of this study revealed that women of the childbearing age from the two study sites in the district exhibited a small difference regarding fertility inequalities and socioeconomic and health conditions. This study also discovered a significant relationship between critical socioeconomic variables and women’s improved socioeconomic status in the communities. These findings, therefore, provide an explanation for the onset of fertility decline which has consequently led to some demonstrated demographic dividend at a household level. The paper recommends enhancement of social transformation and women empowerment in both rural and urban environments for sustained improved living conditions.
The Effect of Long-Term Exercise on the Production of Osteoclastogenic and Antiosteoclastogenic Cytokines by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and on Serum Markers of Bone Metabolism
Authors: Smith J. Kelly , Dykes Rhesa , Chi David S.
Published: August 2016

Although it is recognized that the mechanical stresses associated with physical activity augment bone mineral density and improve bone quality, our understanding of how exercise modulates bone homeostasis at the molecular level is lacking. In a before and after trial involving 43 healthy adults, we measured the effect of six months of supervised exercise training on the spontaneous and phytohemagglutinin-induced production of osteoclastogenic cytokines (interleukin-1α, tumor necrosis factor-α), antiosteoclastogenic cytokines (transforming growth factor-β1 and interleukins 4 and 10), pleiotropic cytokines with variable effects on osteoclastogenesis (interferon-γ, interleukin-6), and T cell growth and differentiation factors (interleukins 2 and 12) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We also measured lymphocyte phenotypes and serum markers of bone formation (osteocalcin), bone resorption (C-terminal telopeptides of Type I collagen), and bone homeostasis (25 (OH) vitamin D, estradiol, testosterone, parathyroid hormone, and insulin-like growth factor 1). A combination of aerobic, resistance, and flexibility exercises done on average of 2.5 hours a week attenuated the production of osteoclastogenic cytokines and enhanced the production of antiosteoclastogenic cytokines. These changes were accompanied by a 16% reduction in collagen degradation products and a 9.8% increase in osteocalcin levels. We conclude that long-term moderate intensity exercise exerts a favorable effect on bone resorption by changing the balance between blood mononuclear cells producing osteoclastogenic cytokines and those producing antiosteoclastogenic cytokines. This trial is registered with Clinical Trials.gov Identifier:NCT02765945.
A Novel Oxidative Stress Mediator in Acute Appendicitis: Thiol/Disulphide Homeostasis
Authors: Ozyazici Sefa , Karateke Faruk , Turan Umit , Kuvvetli Adnan , Kilavuz Huseyin , Karakaya Burak , Ozaltun Pınar , Alısık Murat , Erel Ozcan
Published: August 2016

Aim. To investigate the role of a novel oxidative stress marker, thiol/disulphide homeostasis, in patients diagnosed with acute appendicitis (AA).Methods. In this study, seventy-one (43 male and 28 female) patients diagnosed with AA and 71 (30 male and 41 female) healthy volunteers were included. Age, gender, body mass index (BMI), haemoglobin (Hb), white blood cell (WBC), c-reactive protein (CRP), and thiol/disulphide homeostasis parameters (native thiol, total thiol, disulphide, disulphide/native thiol, native thiol/total thiol, and disulphide/total thiol ratios) were compared between the groups. Thiol/disulphide homeostasis was determined by a newly developed method by Erel and Neselioglu.Results. The native thiol, total thiol, and the native thiol/total thiol ratio levels were statistically significantly decreased in the AA compared with the control group (p<0.001). Disulphide level and the ratios of disulphide/native thiol and disulphide/total thiol were higher in the AA group than in the control group (p<0.001). There was a negative correlation of CRP with native thiol, total thiol, and native thiol/total thiol ratio while there was a positive correlation of CRP with disulphide/native thiol and disulphide/total thiol in the AA group. In the stepwise regression model, risk factors as disulphide/native thiol (OR = 1.368;p=0.018) and CRP (OR = 1.635;p=0.003) were determined as predictors of perforated appendicitis compared to the nonperforated group.Conclusion. This is the first study examining the thiol/disulphide homeostasis as a diagnostic aid in AA and establishing thiol/disulphide homeostatis balance shifted towards the disulphide formation due to thiol oxidation. Further studies are needed to optimize the use of this novel oxidative stress marker in AA.
Primary Investigation for the Mechanism of Biatractylolide from Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma as an Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor
Authors: Xie Yong-Chao , Ning Ning , Zhu Li , Li Dan-Ning , Feng Xing , Yang Xiao-Ping
Published: August 2016

Biatractylolide was isolated from ethyl acetate extract of dried Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma root by multistep chromatographic processing. Structure of biatractylolide was confirmed by 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR. The IC50 on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was 6.5458 μg/mL when the control IC50 value of huperzine A was 0.0192 μg/mL. Molecular Docking Software (MOE) was used to discover molecular sites of action between biatractylolide and AChE protein by regular molecular docking approaches. Moreover, biatractylolide downregulated the expression of AChE of MEF and 293T cells in a dose‐dependent manner. These results demonstrated that the molecular mechanisms of inhibitory activities of biatractylolide on AChE are not only through binding to AChE, but also via reducing AChE expression by inhibiting the activity of GSK3β.
Wide-Range Enhancement of Spectral Response by Highly Conductive and Transparentμc-SiOx:H Doped Layers inμc-Si:H and a-Si:H/μc-Si:H Thin-Film Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Pei-Ling , Chen Po-Wei , Hsiao Min-Wen , Hsu Cheng-Hang , Tsai Chuang-Chuang
Published: August 2016

The enhancement of optical absorption of silicon thin-film solar cells by the p- and n-typeμc-SiOx:H as doped and functional layers was presented. The effects of deposition conditions and oxygen content on optical, electrical, and structural properties ofμc-SiOx:H films were also discussed. Regarding the dopedμc-SiOx:H films, the wide optical band gap (E04) of 2.33 eV while maintaining a high conductivity of 0.2 S/cm could be obtained with oxygen incorporation of 20 at.%. Compared to the conventionalμc-Si:H(p) as window layer inμc-Si:H single-junction solar cells, the application ofμc-SiOx:H(p) increased theVOCand led to a significant enhancement in the short-wavelength spectral response. Meanwhile, the employment ofμc-SiOx:H(n) instead of conventional ITO as back reflecting layer (BRL) enhanced the external quantum efficiency (EQE) ofμc-Si:H single-junction cell in the long-wavelength region, leading to a relative efficiency gain of 10%. Compared to the reference cell, the optimized a-Si:H/μc-Si:H tandem cell by applying p- and n-typeμc-SiOx:H films achieved aVOCof 1.37 V,JSCof 10.55 mA/cm2, FF of 73.67%, and efficiency of 10.51%, which was a relative enhancement of 16%.
Colloidal Gold Probe-Based Immunochromatographic Strip Assay for the Rapid Detection of Microbial Transglutaminase in Frozen Surimi
Authors: Fan Daming , Li Yi , Gu Zhennan , Huang Jianlian , Zhou Wenguo , Zhang Wenhai , Zhao Jianxin , Zhang Hao
Published: August 2016

Adding microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) to frozen surimi to enable the surimi to be sold as a higher-grade product at a higher price defrauds surimi product manufacturers and undercuts legitimate industry prices. Therefore, it is important to develop an accurate method of detecting the presence of MTGase in surimi. In this study, an immunochromatographic strip assay with a colloidal gold antibody probe was successfully developed and used to rapidly and qualitatively detect MTGase in surimi samples. The results were obtained in less than 10 min. The limit for the qualitative detection of MTGase using the immunochromatographic strip assay was identified as 1.0 μg/mL. The results of the immunochromatographic strip analysis of frozen surimi samples were verified by comparison with the results of a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The colloidal gold probe-based immunochromatographic strip assay was thus found to be a rapid, economical, and user friendly method of detecting MTGase in surimi.
The PARP Inhibitor AZD2461 Provides Insights into the Role of PARP3 Inhibition for Both Synthetic Lethality and Tolerability with Chemotherapy in Preclinical Models
Authors: Oplustil O'Connor Lenka , Rulten Stuart L. , Cranston Aaron N. , Odedra Rajesh , Brown Henry , Jaspers Janneke E. , Jones Louise , Knights Charlotte , Evers Bastiaan , Ting Attilla , Bradbury Robert H. , Pajic Marina , Rottenberg Sven , Jonkers Jos , Rudge David , Martin Niall M.B. , Caldecott Keith W. , Lau Alan , O'Connor Mark J.
Published: August 2016

The PARP inhibitor AZD2461 was developed as a next-generation agent following olaparib, the first PARP inhibitor approved for cancer therapy. In BRCA1-deficient mouse models, olaparib resistance predominantly involves overexpression of P-glycoprotein, so AZD2461 was developed as a poor substrate for drug transporters. Here we demonstrate the efficacy of this compound against olaparib-resistant tumors that overexpress P-glycoprotein. In addition, AZD2461 was better tolerated in combination with chemotherapy than olaparib in mice, which suggests that AZD2461 could have significant advantages over olaparib in the clinic. However, this superior toxicity profile did not extend to rats. Investigations of this difference revealed a differential PARP3 inhibitory activity for each compound and a higher level of PARP3 expression in bone marrow cells from mice as compared with rats and humans. Our findings have implications for the use of mouse models to assess bone marrow toxicity for DNA-damaging agents and inhibitors of the DNA damage response. Finally, structural modeling of the PARP3-active site with different PARP inhibitors also highlights the potential to develop compounds with different PARP family member specificity profiles for optimal antitumor activity and tolerability. Cancer Res; 76(20); 6084–94. ©2016 AACR.
Interleukin-30 Promotes Breast Cancer Growth and Progression
Authors: Airoldi Irma , Cocco Claudia , Sorrentino Carlo , Angelucci Domenico , Di Meo Serena , Manzoli Lamberto , Esposito Silvia , Ribatti Domenico , Bertolotto Maria , Iezzi Laura , Natoli Clara , Di Carlo Emma
Published: August 2016

The inflammatory tissue microenvironment that promotes the development of breast cancer is not fully understood. Here we report a role for elevated IL30 in supporting the breast cancer cell viability and invasive migration. IL30 was absent in normal mammary ducts, ductules, and acini of histologically normal breast and scanty in the few stromal infiltrating leukocytes. In contrast, IL30 was expressed frequently in breast cancer specimens where it was associated with triple-negative and HER2+ molecular subtypes. In stromal leukocytes found in primary tumors or tumor-draining lymph nodes, which included mainly CD14+ monocytes, CD68+ macrophages, and CD33+/CD11b+ myeloid cells, IL30 levels increased with disease stage and correlated with recurrence. A negative correlation was determined between IL30 expression by nodal stromal leukocytes and overall survival. In vitro studies showed that human recombinant IL30 upregulated expression of a pro-oncogenic program, including especially IL6 in both triple-negative and HER2+ breast cancer cells. In triple-negative breast cancer cells, IL30 boosted a broader program of proliferation, invasive migration, and an inflammatory milieu associated with KISS1-dependent metastasis. Silencing of STAT1/STAT3 signaling hindered the regulation of the primary growth and progression factors in breast cancer cells. IL30 administration in vivo fostered the growth of triple-negative breast cancer by promoting proliferation and vascular dissemination of cancer cells and the accumulation of intratumoral CD11b+/Gr1+ myeloid cell infiltrates. Overall, our results show how IL30 regulates breast cancer cell viability, migration, and gene expression to promote breast cancer growth and progression and its impact on patient outcome. Cancer Res; 76(21); 6218–29. ©2016 AACR.
VEGF Neutralization Plus CTLA-4 Blockade Alters Soluble and Cellular Factors Associated with Enhancing Lymphocyte Infiltration and Humoral Recognition in Melanoma
Authors: Wu Xinqi , Giobbie-Hurder Anita , Liao Xiaoyun , Lawrence Donald , McDermott David , Zhou Jun , Rodig Scott , Hodi F. Stephen
Published: August 2016

Immune recognition of tumor targets by specific cytotoxic lymphocytes is essential for the effective rejection of tumors. A phase I clinical trial of ipilimumab (an antibody that blocks CTLA-4 function) in combination with bevacizumab (an antibody that inhibits angiogenesis) in patients with metastatic melanoma found favorable clinical outcomes were associated with increased tumor endothelial activation and lymphocyte infiltration. To better understand the underlying mechanisms, we sought features and factors that changed as a function of treatment in patients. Ipilimumab plus bevacizumab (Ipi-Bev) increased tumor vascular expression of ICAM1 and VCAM1. Treatment also altered concentrations of many circulating cytokines and chemokines, including increases of CXCL10, IL1α, TNFα, CXCL1, IFNα2, and IL8, with decreases in VEGF-A in most patients. IL1α and TNFα induced expression of E-selectin, CXCL1, and VCAM1 on melanoma tumor-associated endothelial cells (TEC) in vitro and promoted adhesion of activated T cells onto TEC. VEGFA inhibited TNFα-induced expression of ICAM1 and VCAM1 and T-cell adhesion, which was blocked by bevacizumab. CXCL10 promoted T-cell migration across TEC in vitro, was frequently expressed by melanoma cells, and was upregulated in a subset of tumors in treated patients. Robust upregulation of CXCL10 in tumors was accompanied by increased T-cell infiltration. Ipi-Bev also augmented humoral immune responses recognizing targets in melanoma, tumor endothelial, and tumor mesenchymal stem cells. Our findings suggest that Ipi-Bev therapy augments immune recognition in the tumor microenvironment through enhancing lymphocyte infiltration and antibody responses. IL1α, TNFα, and CXCL10, together with VEGF neutralization, contribute to Ipi-Bev–induced melanoma immune recognition. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(10); 858–68. ©2016 AACR.
Obesity Management in Europe: Current Status and Objectives for the Future
Authors: Uerlich Magdalena F. , Yumuk Volkan , Finer Nick , Basdevant Arnaud , Visscher Tommy L.S.
Published: August 2016

Objective: This study aims at assessing the status of obesity management in the European region and identifying future goals and objectives of professionals working in the field of obesity. Methods: Presidents of all 31 EASO-affiliated (EASO = European Association for the Study of Obesity) national associations for the study of obesity were asked to invite 5 obesity experts from their country to participate in a survey. A total of 74 obesity professionals out of 23 countries participated. Questions addressed the development of guidelines, the status of obesity management, and goals and objectives for the future in obesity management. Further, EASO's three vice-presidents participated in in-depth, semi-structured interviews, in which they were asked to provide their reflection on the survey data. Results: Most countries define obesity as a clinical and chronic disease, but various differences in obesity management standards exist across Europe. Existing guidelines mainly focus on the acute treatment of obesity rather than on long-term approaches. Conclusion: Multidisciplinary approaches for obesity management and the collaboration between general practitioners and hospitals as well as between professionals at the local level and networks of obesity management centers need to be improved across Europe. Good practices and evidence are available.
Формування навичок гігієни ротової порожнини у дітей середнього шкільного віку
Authors: Mandziuk T. B.
Published: August 2016

Child’s dental health is an integral part of his overall health. Its formation is influenced by large number of different factors. Prevention of dental diseases remains a pressing problem. Despite the achievements of medicine, the widespread implementation of modern methods and means of prevention and treatment into clinical pedodontics, the incidence of caries and its complication is one rise worldwide.
A Física em São Carlos: primeiras décadas
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Belda Francisco Rolfsen , Faria Roberto Mendonça ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Física de São Carlos
Published: August 2016

Este livro registra a empolgante trajetória dos pioneiros da física em São Carlos, desde o contexto de sua chegada à Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos EESC, em 1956, até o final do primeiro ciclo acadêmico da USP na cidade, no início dos anos 1970, com a criação e consolidação do Instituto de Física e Química de São Carlos IQSC.