bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Cloud Liquid Water Path Trends Using a Multidecadal Record of Passive Microwave Observations
Authors: Manaster Andrew , O’Dell Christopher W. , Elsaesser Gregory
Published: April 2017

In this study, observed cloud liquid water path (LWP) trends from the Multisensor Advanced Climatology of Liquid Water Path (MAC-LWP) dataset (1988–2014) are compared to trends computed from the temporally coincident records of 16 global climate models (GCMs) participating in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). For many regions, observed trend magnitudes are several times larger than the corresponding model mean trend magnitudes. Muted model mean trends are thought to be the result of cancellation effects arising from differing interannual variability characteristics and differences in model physics–dynamics. In most regions, the majority of modeled trends were statistically consistent with the observed trends. This was thought to be because of large estimated errors in both the observations and the models due to interannual variability. Over the southern oceans (south of 40°S latitude), general agreement between the observed trend and virtually all GCM trends is also found (about 1–2 g m−2 decade−1). Observed trends are also compared to those from the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP). Like the CMIP5 models, the majority of modeled AMIP trends were statistically consistent with the observed trends. It was also found that, in regions where the AMIP model mean time series better captures observed interannual variability, it tends to better capture the magnitude of the observed trends.
Sea Level Variability around Japan during the Twentieth Century Simulated by a Regional Ocean Model
Authors: Sasaki Yoshi N. , Washizu Ryosuke , Yasuda Tamaki , Minobe Shoshiro
Published: April 2017

Sea level variability around Japan from 1906 to 2010 is examined using a regional ocean model, along with observational data and the CMIP5 historical simulations. The regional model reproduces observed interdecadal sea level variability, for example, high sea level around 1950, low sea level in the 1970s, and sea level rise during the most recent three decades, along the Japanese coast. Sensitivity runs reveal that the high sea level around 1950 was induced by the wind stress curl changes over the North Pacific, characterized by a weakening of the Aleutian low. In contrast, the recent sea level rise is primarily caused by heat and freshwater flux forcings. That the wind-induced sea level rise along the Japanese coast around 1950 is as large as the recent sea level rise highlights the importance of natural variability in understanding regional sea level change on interdecadal time scales.
Spatial and Temporal Variability of the Three-Dimensional Flow around African Easterly Waves
Authors: Brammer Alan , Thorncroft Chris D.
Published: April 2017

This study presents a large-scale trajectory analysis of African easterly waves (AEWs) across West Africa and the eastern Atlantic. Back trajectories were initialized at multiple pressure levels from in and around the vortex center of the AEW troughs to reveal the source regions of environmental inflow. The trajectory analysis highlights a changing influence of environmental air on AEW troughs. Over West Africa, monsoonal flow dominates with source regions of air from the southwest and east to northeast influencing the trough. As the AEW troughs leave West Africa, flow from the northwest becomes increasingly important. Cluster analysis highlighted that the contribution of trajectories from the northwest increased as the AEW troughs move westward and that this cluster also had high variability in environmental characteristics.

Correlation analysis of outgoing longwave radiation around the troughs with environmental characteristics 72 h earlier was conducted on 443 AEWs. This analysis reveals that the impact of the various source regions on convective activity within the AEW troughs is consistent with the cluster trajectory analysis. While the AEW troughs were over West Africa, convection was sensitive to midlevel equivalent potential temperature [Formula: see text] around the trough and to the northeast of the trough axis. Over the West African coast and Cape Verde basin, the correlation analysis captures the changing flow regime with sensitivity to [Formula: see text] west of the trough axis at midlevels and northwest at low levels. These results highlight that the cool and dry low-level northerly trade winds over the Canary and Cape Verde basin can be a crucial influence on AEWs as they leave West Africa.
Social Traces of Generic Humans Increase the Value of Everyday Objects
Authors: Job Veronika , Nikitin Jana , Zhang Sophia X. , Carr Priyanka B. , Walton Gregory M.
Published: April 2017

Past research finds that people behave as though the particular qualities of specific, strongly valenced individuals “rub off” on objects. People thus value a sweater worn by George Clooney but are disgusted by one worn by Hitler. We hypothesized that social traces of generic humans can also adhere to objects, increasing their value. Experiments 1 and 2 found that simply marking that consumer products (mugs, giftwrap) were made by generic strangers (e.g., “by people using machines” vs. “by machines run by people”) increased their perceived value. Experiment 3 demonstrated that this effect was mediated by thoughts about attention the object received from other people, which, in turn, led people to see the object as possessing more positive social qualities (e.g., friendly), increasing valuation. The results suggest that generic humans are perceived positively, possessing warm social qualities, and these can “rub off” and adhere to everyday objects increasing their value.
The acute effects of baobab fruit (Adansonia digitata) on satiety in healthy adults
Authors: Garvey Rebecca , Clegg Miriam , Coe Shelly
Published: April 2017

Background:

The baobab fruit is high in both dietary fibre and polyphenols and therefore may increase satiety. The aim of the study was to measure the effects of baobab fruit extract on satiety.

Methods:

The study was conducted on 20 healthy participants. The study was a one-day single-blind crossover design. Participants were randomised to either a test smoothie consisting of 15 g of baobab extract or a control smoothie without the addition of baobab. Subjective ratings of satiety were taken on visual analogue scales immediately pre-consumption and then post-consumption, and energy intake at a post ad libitum meal was recorded.

Results:

Subjective measures of hunger were reduced following the test smoothie compared with the control ( p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in calorie intake at an ad libitum meal.

Conclusions:

This research has positive implications for the use of baobab for reducing hunger, possibly having a positive effect on weight maintenance.
Knowledge of healthy foods does not translate to healthy snack consumption among exercise science undergraduates
Authors: McArthur Laura H , Valentino Antonette , Holbert Donald
Published: April 2017

This cross-sectional survey study compared the on- and off-campus snack choices and related correlates of convenience samples of exercise science (ES) ( n = 165, M = 45%, F = 55%) and non-exercise science (NES) ( n =160, M = 43%, F = 57%) undergraduates. The hypothesis posed was that knowledge of healthy foods will not translate to healthier snack consumption by the ES students, and that the snack choices and related correlates of ES and NES students will be similar. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires completed in classrooms (ES sample) and at high-traffic locations on-campus (NES sample). Chi-square and t-test analyses compared ES and NES students on snack correlates. Snacks consumed most often by the ES and NES students on-campus were health bars/squares ( n = 56 vs. n = 48) and savory snacks ( n = 55 vs. n = 71), and off-campus were savory snacks ( n = 60 vs. n = 71) and fruits ( n = 41 vs. n = 34). Over half of both samples believed their snack choices were a mix of unhealthy and healthy. Fruits were considered healthier snacks and chips less healthy by both samples, and fruits were the most often recommended snack. About 20% believed these choices would impact their health unfavorably, and about two thirds self-classified in the action stages for healthy snacking. Since knowledge about healthy food choices did not translate to healthy snack selection, these students would benefit from interventions that teach selection and preparation of healthy snacks on a restricted budget.
Attachment (in)security and threat priming influence signal detection performance
Authors: Sakman Ezgi , Sümer Nebi
Published: April 2017

This study examined whether the subliminal priming of threat and attachment figure availability interfere with cognitive attentional performance in conditions of uncertainty among individuals with differing attachment orientations. University students ( N = 225) first completed a scale to identify names of their significant attachment figures (WHOTO) and self-report measures of attachment anxiety and avoidance and were then administered a computerized signal detection task assessing their cognitive attentional performance under conditions of threat and attachment figure availability priming. Findings revealed that both attachment anxiety and avoidance posed risk factors for cognitive performance but in different patterns. While attachment avoidance made individuals more prone to errors in missing a signal that was present, attachment anxiety increased the error rate for false alarms. These findings are discussed in relation to previous work in the field and their implications for potential cultural differences.
Reflections on the transnational and comparative imperial history of Asia
Authors: Perdue Peter C
Published: April 2017

Two prominent approaches to the history of empires and nation-states are comparative imperial history [CIH] and transnational history [TNH]. Each group of historians has actively promoted their perspective, but the two have had little interaction. Furthermore, in the history of East Asia, nationalist perspectives have dominated over transnational approaches until very recent times. This article points to new studies that examine Chinese imperial and national history from transnational and comparative perspectives, and encourages further work, including an ecological and environmental viewpoint, that will foster this trend.
Empire in three keys
Authors: Steinmetz George
Published: April 2017

Germany was famously a latecomer to colonialism, but it was a hybrid empire, centrally involved in all forms of imperial activity. Germans dominated the early Holy Roman Empire; Germany after 1870 was a Reich, or empire, not a state in the conventional sense; and Germany had a colonial empire between 1884 and 1918. Prussia played the role of continental imperialist in its geopolitics vis-à-vis Poland and the other states to its east. Finally, in its Weltpolitik – its global policies centered on the navy – Germany was an informal global imperialist. Although these diverse scales and practices of empire usually occupied distinct regions in the imaginations of contemporaries, there was one representational space in which the nation-state was woven together with empire in all its different registers: the Berlin trade exhibition of 1896. Because this exhibition started as a local event focused on German industry, it has not attracted much attention among historians of colonial and world fairs. Over the course of its planning, however, the 1896 exhibition emerged as an encompassing display of the multifarious German empire in all its geopolitical aspects. The exhibition attracted the attention of contemporaries as diverse as Georg Simmel and Kaiser Wilhelm. In contrast to Simmel and later theorists, I argue that it represented the empire and the nation-state, and not simply the fragmenting and commodifying force of capitalism. In contrast to Timothy Mitchell, I argue that the exhibit did not communicate a generic imperial modernity, but made visible the unique multi-scaled political formation that was the German empire-state.
Reflecting on theGlobal Report on Adult Learning and Educationin the “Post-Truth Society”
Authors: Walters Shirley , Watters Kathy
Published: April 2017

This article contextualizes and reviews the third global report on adult learning and education (ALE) released by UNESCO in 2016. The authors suggest that it is a visionary document, which is articulated through the bringing together of data from a range of areas that are usually kept apart. They recognize the report as a bold attempt to project what role ALE plays, or could play, within a holistic philosophy and approach to lifelong learning. They argue that given the ambitious nature of the task, and the inevitable tensions and contradictions that exist within a report of this nature, the report both fails to present a robust picture of ALE and succeeds as an advocacy document toward achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. They recognize that the political and pedagogical work undertaken by the third Global Report on Adult Learning and Education is at an early stage. Alongside this work, they argue for the importance of the broader nonformal and informal ALE, including popular education, as a means of challenging the “post-truth society.”
Une pensée d’archipel face aux orientations mondiales selon Édouard Glissant
Authors: Lipiński Kamil
Published: April 2017

Résumé

Cet article propose une perspective pour une discussion consacrée à la théorie du postcolonial et à la pensée d’Édouard Glissant mettant l’accent sur l’archipel comme une stratégie de résistance face aux transformations mondiales. Cette contre-poétique de la pensée d’archipel s’appuie sur les formes d’opacité et de transparence visant à approprier l’influence continentale dans le processus d’hybridation et de créolisation. L’auteur vise à approcher la réalité des colonisés en établissant des dichotomies comme celle de l’identité rhizome / identité racine ou de la pensée archipélique / pensée continentale dans l’objectif d’illustrer les mouvements mondiales, complexes, hétérogènes, organiques, virevoltants. Les réflexions consacrées à la figure de la Relation permettent de reconstruire la tradition des ancêtres en temps d’un déplacement « rhizomatique » des personnes et la diffusion des langues dans une espace multiculturelle.
Holocene temperature and precipitation variability on the central Tibetan Plateau revealed by multiple palaeo-climatic proxy records from an alpine wetland sequence
Authors: Cheung Man-Ching , Zong Yongqiang , Zheng Zhuo , Liu Zhonghui , Aitchison Jonathan C
Published: April 2017

This study has reconstructed the Holocene environmental history of central Tibetan Plateau, a transitional area between monsoon-dominated Asia and Westerlies-dominated Asia, to examine the interplay between the two circulation systems and effects of other potential mechanisms on the temporal variability of Holocene climatic conditions in the study area. Specifically, this study has produced a twin record of palaeo-hydrology and palaeo-temperature from an alpine wetland sediment sequence using two sets of lipid-based biomarker indices: n-alkanes and branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (bGDGTs). The results show that (1) the Asian summer monsoon has supplied moisture that helped initiate the wetland habitat around 8000 cal. yr BP, about 2000 years later than locations along the southeastern edge of the plateau; (2) a significant decline in moisture supply is evident since the Medieval Warm period; (3) the Westerlies have transmitted variability of the North Atlantic climate to the study area, resulting in periodic increases in evaporation and causing short-term expansion or contraction of the wetland and (4) the palaeo-air temperature change follows closely that of global sea level and sea surface temperature, implying a link to global ice volume change throughout the Holocene. This study concludes that the Holocene climate history of central Tibetan Plateau is a result of monsoonal moisture supply interacted with the Westerlies variability, while the palaeo-temperature has followed changes in global ice volume during the present warm interglacial.
Northeast Siberian ice wedges confirm Arctic winter warming over the past two millennia
Authors: Opel Thomas , Laepple Thomas , Meyer Hanno , Dereviagin Alexander Yu , Wetterich Sebastian
Published: April 2017

Arctic climate has experienced major changes over the past millennia that are not fully understood in terms of their controls and seasonality. Stable isotope data from ice wedges in permafrost provide unique information on past winter climate. Recently, an ice-wedge record from the Lena River Delta suggested for the first time that Siberian winter temperatures increased throughout the Holocene, contradicting most other Arctic palaeoclimate reconstructions which are likely biased towards the summer. However, the representativeness of this single record and the spatial extent of its reconstructed winter warming signal is unclear. Here, we present a new winter temperature record based on paired stable oxygen (δ18O) and radiocarbon age data spanning the last two millennia from the Oyogos Yar coast in northeast Siberia. The record confirms the long-term winter warming signal as well as the unprecedented temperature rise in recent decades. This confirmation demonstrates that winter warming over the last millennia is a coherent feature in the northeastern Siberian Arctic, supporting the hypothesis of an insolation-driven seasonal Holocene temperature evolution followed by a strong warming likely related to anthropogenic forcing.
Effects of cadmium on Bcl-2/Bax expression ratio in rat cortex brain and hippocampus
Authors: Mahdavi S , Khodarahmi P , Roodbari NH
Published: April 2017

To investigate the underlying mechanism of neurotoxicity of cadmium, we examined the effects of intraperitoneal injection of cadmium on messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) and Bax (Bcl2-associated x) genes and caspase-3/7 activation in rat hippocampus and frontal cortex. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats weighing 200–250 g were randomly divided into four groups. Control group received saline and three other groups received cadmium at doses of 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg (body weight) for 15 successive days. One day after the last injection, the hippocampus and frontal cortex were dissected and removed and then the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax genes was evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction and apoptotic studies was done using caspase-3/7 activation assay. Cadmium reduced the mRNA level of Bcl-2 in the control group at doses of 1 ( p < 0.01), 2 and 4 mg/kg ( p < 0.001) in rat hippocampus and cortex cells. The mRNA level of Bax increased significantly compared to the control group at the doses of 1 ( p < 0.05), 2 and 4 mg/kg ( p < 0.001) in rat hippocampus. The mRNA level of Bax was increased significantly compared to the control group at the doses of 2 and 4 mg/kg ( p < 0.001) in rat cortex cells. Cadmium increased caspase-3/7 activity at doses of 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg in rat hippocampus. Caspase-3/7 activity was increased significantly at dose of 4 mg/kg in rat cortex. This decreased Bcl-2/Bax mRNA ratio induces cell apoptosis. Apoptotic effect of cadmium may be through the mitochondrial pathway by the activation of caspase-3/7.
Job Satisfaction Scale: Adaptation and Validation Among Indian IT (Information Technology) Employees
Authors: Sharma Praveen Kumar , Misra Rajnish Kumar , Mishra Prachee
Published: April 2017

Job satisfaction (JS) of employees has been studied in the past by various researchers beginning in the 1930s till date. Each of these research works went on to add a perspective to JS and its measurement. The measures of JS captured various dimensions from Minnesota satisfaction questionnaire to JS survey. Further, these measures have been standardized on working professionals in various domains except the emerging field of information technology (IT). The purpose of this study was to develop and adapt a scale measuring JS of IT employees in India. The facets of JS were identified through literature and verified through experts in IT domain. The initial scale consisting of 23 items identified from the existing scales was administered on 410 employees of three IT companies in India. The scale was standardized through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). It was used to determine the factor structure and convergent and discriminant validity. Exploratory factor analysis yielded six factors: pay, training, promotion, recognition, supervision and job security. A final standardized questionnaire consists of 23 items on JS. The reliability estimates were 0.92, and convergent and discriminant validity also met all the criteria respectively. The resultant scale can be used on IT professionals in India.
The Prevention of Child Maltreatment Through the Nurse Family Partnership Program: Mediating Effects in a Long-Term Follow-Up Study
Authors: Eckenrode John , Campa Mary I. , Morris Pamela A. , Henderson Charles R. , Bolger Kerry E. , Kitzman Harriet , Olds David L.
Published: April 2017

We examine maternal life-course mediators of the impact of a nurse home visitation program on reducing child maltreatment among participants in the Elmira trial of the Nurse Family Partnership program from the first child’s birth through age 15. For women having experienced low to moderate levels of domestic violence, program effects on the number of confirmed maltreatment reports were mediated by reductions in numbers of subsequent children born to mothers and their reported use of public assistance. Together, the two mediators explained nearly one half of the total effect of nurse home visiting on child maltreatment. The long-term success of this program on reducing child maltreatment can be explained, at least in part, by its positive effect on pregnancy planning and economic self-sufficiency.
First Births to Maltreated Adolescent Girls: Differences Associated With Spending Time in Foster Care
Authors: King Bryn
Published: April 2017

Few studies have examined early parenting among girls receiving child welfare services (CWS) or disentangled the relationship between maltreatment, spending time in foster care, and adolescent childbirth. Using population-based, linked administrative data, this study calculated birth rates among maltreated adolescent girls and assessed differences in birth rates associated with spending time in foster care. Of the 85,766 girls with substantiated allegations of maltreatment during adolescence, nearly 18% subsequently gave birth. Among girls who spent time in foster care, the proportion was higher (19.5%). Significant variations ( p < .001) were observed in the rate of childbirth across demographic characteristics and maltreatment experiences. When accounting for all of the covariates, spending time in foster care was associated with a modestly higher rate of a first birth (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 1.10; 95% confidence interval = [1.06, 1.14]). While age at first substantiated allegation of maltreatment and race/ethnicity were significant predictors of adolescent childbirth, specific maltreatment experiences were associated with minimal or no differences in birth rates. The findings of this study suggest that the experience of spending time in care may not be a meaningful predictor of giving birth as a teen among CWS-involved adolescent girls and highlight subgroups of this population who may be more vulnerable to early childbirth.
“Throughness”: A Story About Songwriting as Auto/Ethnography
Authors: Carless David
Published: April 2017

A recent special issue of Qualitative Inquiry (December 2016) throws a welcome spotlight on the place of songs within qualitative research. In this essay, I share a story that contributes to the gathering conversation around music and songs as a (perhaps unique) form of qualitative inquiry. My contribution focuses specifically on song writing as a form of research, which has received limited attention to date within the qualitative inquiry literature. The story is inspired by recent explorations of songwriting as reflexive practice, and I share it with the aim of expanding understanding and inviting further dialogue on the processes of writing (songs as) qualitative research.
Glucose Variations and Activity Are Strongly Coupled in Sleep and Wake in Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Farabi Sarah S. , Carley David W. , Quinn Lauretta
Published: April 2017

Background:

Glucose variations are common throughout sleep and wakefulness in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The objective of this investigation was to characterize the time-varying coupling between glucose and unstructured physical activity over a 60-hr period in young adults with T1DM. The hypothesis was that coupling would differ during sleep versus wakefulness and would exhibit circadian variations.

Method:

Young adults with T1DM treated with an insulin pump participated in the study. Glucose variations were monitored with a continuous glucose monitoring system, and activity was assessed using an activity-monitoring band worn on the nondominant wrist. Simultaneous glucose and physical activity data across a continuous 60-hr period were used for analysis. Wavelet coherence analysis was employed to quantify the coupling between physical activity and glucose. Cosinor analysis was used to assess whether glucose/activity coherence exhibited significant circadian variations.

Results:

Participants comprised 23 adults, aged 18−30 years, with T1DM. Coherence analysis demonstrated substantial coupling between physical activity and glucose variations during both wakefulness and sleep. For rapid (10–30 min) fluctuations, mean coherence was higher during sleep than wakefulness ( F = 10.86, p = .003). Rapid glucose variations consistently led to changes in activity ( p = .001) during sleep but not during wake. Cosinor analysis revealed significant circadian modulation of glucose/activity coupling, especially for fluctuation periods 2–4 hr.

Conclusions:

Unstructured physical activity and glucose variations demonstrated strong time- and frequency-dependent coupling over a 60-hr period in young adults with T1DM, with sleep/wake differences and circadian modulation evident in this relationship.
Primary Synovial Sarcoma of the Orbit
Authors: Xu Pei , Chen Jianbin
Published: April 2017

Purpose:

To describe the clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemical characteristics and therapies of a rare case of primary synovial sarcoma in the orbit.

Design:

Retrospective interventional case report.

Participant:

A 6-year-old girl with pathologically proven synovial sarcoma in the orbit. The diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry.

Methods:

The patient was treated with right lateral orbital and right temporal tumor resection, followed by chemotherapy. She was followed up every 3 months for 1 year.

Results:

The tumor was excised, and the patient received 5 courses of chemotherapy. She did well during the initial first-year follow-up with no recurrent signs.

Conclusions:

We reported the sixth case of primary synovial sarcoma in the orbit and the first case of a 6-year-old girl.
Prof Lalit Prakash Agarwal (1922-2004)—The Planner of the First-Ever National Blindness Control Program of the World
Authors: Tripathy Koushik
Published: April 2017

Prof Lalit Prakash Agarwal drafted the National Programme for Prevention of Visual Impairment and Control of Blindness (now called National Programme for Control of Blindness) in India in 1976, first of its kind in the world. With his vision well ahead of his time, he brought the concept of super-specialty in Indian ophthalmology. He founded Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, the apex governmental ophthalmological center of India. His contributions to modern Indian Ophthalmology were so profound that we may not be mistaken by calling him “the father of modern Indian Ophthalmology.”
Wear properties of diamond-like carbon coatings with silicon and chromium as adhesion layer using a high frequency reciprocating rig
Authors: Maiti Raman , Mills Robin
Published: April 2017

The application of diamond-like carbon coatings to bearing surfaces is widespread from machining to bio-implants and has resulted in significant study of coating properties. The aim of this investigation was to determine the performance of two diamond-like carbon coatings, using chromium and silicon as adhesion layers. Linear reciprocating wear tests were carried out at room temperature using an AISI 440C steel ball reciprocating against the diamond-like carbon-coated metal substrate. The performance of the coatings under different contact pressures (500–3000 MPa); peak sliding velocities (28–378 mm/s); and stroke length, (1.5–4 mm). An electric resistance measurement was used to monitor coating failure owing to the dielectric nature of the tested coatings. An increase in contact pressure resulted in a decrease in number of cycles to failure for both the coatings. However, the number of cycles to failure increased proportionally with sliding speed. In addition, artifacts on the coating and blister formation generated coating debris which acted as a third body during the wear process. The debris caused complete delamination of the coatings initially at the ends of the wear scar. The silicon adhesion layer-coating samples were found to provide a greater resistance to failure due to it being thicker, harder, and more elastic as compared to samples having a chromium adhesion layer.
Miniature town models and memory: An example from the European borderlands
Authors: Mikula Maja
Published: April 2017

Focusing on a miniature replica of Umag/Umago in Istria, made in 1970 by exiled master craftsman Beniamino Favretto (1901–1986) and currently exhibited at the Civico Museo della Civiltà Istriana, Fiumana e Dalmata in Trieste, the author argues that miniature town models can be highly effective catalysts of imaginative emplacement in today’s arguably ‘placeless’ society. Taking a cue from the groundbreaking volume edited by Arjun Appadurai, The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective (1986), the author first considers the ‘social life’ of Favretto’s miniature and its fortunes within the community it was produced for, which the miniature itself helped to sustain. She then proceeds by explaining the power of three-dimensional ‘miniature worlds’ to conjure up the idea of ‘home’ through their structural peculiarities, including their frozen temporality and the particular optic vantage point they afford to the viewer, also through their hybrid character as simultaneously works of art, playthings and religious objects.
China’s emerging demand and development of a key base metal: Zinc in the Ming and early Qing, c. 1400–1680s
Authors: Chen Hailian , Souza George Bryan
Published: April 2017

The history of zinc in general and its contribution to China’s material culture during the late Ming and early Qing period in particular is obscure. Specific issues have remained understudied, especially the historical demand for and production of this metal, as well as the locations of zinc mines. This article is the result of collaborative research that approaches these issues by employing and examining the historical development of zinc’s commodity chain, in general, and by focusing on the early demand, in particular, for this metal. The authors discuss the emergence of demand for metallic zinc as a mint metal in the Ming, which spatially influenced the development and shift of zinc mining development from Guangdong province northwards and finally to Guizhou province in the Ming–Qing transition. Based upon primary Chinese texts, this article geographically situates the locations of zinc bearing ore (calamine) deposits that directly resulted in investing and developing zinc mines over this period.
A review of mass-transfer models and mechanistic studies of semi-volatile organic compounds in indoor environments
Authors: Mao Yun-Feng , Li Zhuo , Zhang Yin-Ping , He Ya-Ling , Tao Wen-Quan
Published: April 2017

Semi-volatile organic compounds from artificial products can persist for long periods in indoor environments, and several semi-volatile organic compounds can lead to human diseases via inhalation, ingestion and dermal pathways. Mass-transfer models are an excellent alternative to experimental testing for predicting the transportation of semi-volatile organic compounds in indoor environments. This report presents a comprehensive review of mass-transfer models for semi-volatile organic compound transportation in indoor environments, assuming that semi-volatile organic compounds are well mixed and exhibit uniform properties in the indoor space. The mass-transfer models, including emission and surface/particle sorption models, and methods for determining material emission and mass flux on sorptive and airborne surfaces are discussed. Factors affecting the emission rate and gaseous concentration are analysed, including the airflow rate, surface sorption, particles, temperature and humidity. Finally, a few research needs are highlighted in this review.
Decoding youth DNA: The relationship between social engagement and news interest, news media use and news preferences of Dutch millennials
Authors: Drok Nico , Hermans Liesbeth , Kats Karijn
Published: April 2017

There is a growing concern in Western democracies about the decline in young people’s use of news media. Some scholars see it as a result of a diminishing interest in social issues and even of a more general deterioration in civic culture. Others claim that young people still feel socially engaged but that they turn their back to mainstream news media because they are increasingly irrelevant to them. This study focuses on the question how Dutch millennials’ social engagement relates to their news interest, their news media use and their news preferences. It concludes that the relation between young people’s social engagement and their news interest is still strong. Furthermore, it shows that social engagement is clearly related to the use of most national news media, including the use of Facebook. However, social engagement is not so much related to the use of most local/regional news media. Finally, findings show that social engagement is positively related to a citizen-oriented approach of news but not to a consumer-oriented approach. Overall, the study provides insights that can broaden our understanding of the complex relationship between news interest, news media use and news preferences of young people and their engagement with society. Next to that, it can help professional journalism to get (re)connected with the up-growing generation.
Gender and the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Kim Eun Mee
Published: April 2017

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) began in 2016 with great hopes that they will promote social development, economic development, and environmentally sustainable development with the motto, “Leave No One Behind” (UN 2016). In particular, SDGs’ goal 5, “Achieve Gender Equality and Empower All Women and Girls” (UN 2016). However, persistently high gender gap was found in many countries around the world whether they are developed or developing. The 2016 Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI), which examines gender inequality across four key areas of health, education, economy and politics, showed that the gender gap widened in many countries, and the gap in “economic participation and opportunity” showed the largest gender gap compared to health, education and political participation (World Economic Forum 2016). Interestingly, the GGGI do not match the global ranking of countries based on their GDP size, GDP per capita, or even the level of poverty. Thus, in order to deal with the underlying causes of deep-rooted and persistent gender inequality we must develop more culturally nuanced and contextualized approaches in the SDGs to tackle gender inequality (Song & Kim 2013). Gender inequality is simply not acceptable in the world where half of the world’s citizens are not provided with the same rights as the other half. It is also economically less productive to rely on only half of the world’s labor force to help eradicate poverty. Education, employment, and full empowerment of women and girls must be a priority for the SDGs.
The politics of historical vision: Use of the past in the Analects
Authors: Kim Youngmin
Published: April 2017

This paper is about how the historical vision of Confucius was constructed in the Analects of Confucius. This analysis concentrates on its particular aspects like the notion of Zhou (1046–256 BCE) – the historical dynasty from which Confucius takes much of his guidance on culture, virtue, and refinement. The first part of this paper is to open up a space for a multidimensional and conceptually rich approach to what we might call Confucius’ ‘vision of history’. It challenges some problematic assumptions and approaches that have constituted an obstacle to inquiry into the study of Confucius’ thought – among them, the idea that Confucius was a ‘traditionalist’ who sought to bring back the ritual practices of the early Zhou. Then, I proceed to present a fine-grained textual analysis of the Analects and consider some broader conceptual issues involved in it. In particular, I argue that Confucius’ recognition of meta-knowing infuses the subject with new depths, which link Confucian ritual performance with agency and self-consciousness. In the next section, by establishing as an object of inquiry the imaginary category of ‘Zhou’, rather than the ‘factual’, evidentiary category of ‘Zhou’, I position Confucius’s vision in a comprehensive discussion of political identity.
Arthro-Coda: Poetic Notes (Re)forming Patti Lather’s “Top Ten+ List: (Re)thinking Ontology in (post) Qualitative Research”
Authors: McKnight Lucinda
Published: April 2017

This poem forms a diffraction of Patti Lather’s article listing ten learnings from the ontological turn. This work is intended to be read alongside Lather’s original article, so the reader can appreciate how poetry and prose form and entangle reciprocally. Ostensibly coalescing as notes from a face-to-face, simultaneously video-conferenced meeting to discuss Lather’s list, this poem pulls together fragments from multiple intra-actions and pushes meaning apart, as do the human and other speakers it calls into being. It avoids dramatic claims to making a difference, but suggests an infinitesimal, insect antennae shift via the ways it may brush against the reader’s skin and increase awareness of the more-than-human. This may even activate a tiny wriggle-release from a stuck place. Lather’s list emerges through the narrows of poetic inquiry as changed, alternatively accessible, more intensely affective, yet still resonant with her advice and spiky with further, many-legged, tangential questions.
Aural Ritual
Authors: Gloviczki Peter Joseph
Published: April 2017

I am fascinated by the potential for moments to reveal broader themes within media and everyday life. In this short article, I use autoethnography to explore the aural ritual of listening to a memorial tribute to media celebrities on nightly television news. I hope this article encourages others to use sensory investigation as a methodological tool within the autoethnographic tradition in communication research.
Decentralized control for harmonic drive–based modular and reconfigurable robots with uncertain environment contact
Authors: Dong Bo , Li Yan , Liu Keping
Published: April 2017

In this article, a decentralized control strategy is presented for harmonic drive–based modular and reconfigurable robots with uncertain environment contact. Unlike conventional methods that rely on robot–environment contact model or force/torque sensing, this article addresses the problem of controlling modular and reconfigurable robots in contact with uncertain environment using only encoder data of each joint module. By employing a control-oriented harmonic drive model, the dynamic model of modular and reconfigurable robot is formulated as a synthesis of interconnected subsystems, in which the interconnected joint couplings are with small magnitudes. Based on the integral sliding mode control technique and the adaptive super-twisting algorithm, the decentralized controller is designed to compensate model uncertainty in which the up-bound is unknown. The stability of the modular and reconfigurable robot system is proved using Lyapunov theory. Finally, simulations are conducted for 2-degree-of-freedom modular and reconfigurable robots with different configurations under the situations of dynamic contact and collision to investigate the advantage of the proposed approach.
Digital revascularization and replantation using the wide-awake hand surgery technique
Authors: Wong JKF , Lin CH , Chang NJ , Chen HC , Lin YT , Hsu CC
Published: April 2017

The use of local anaesthesia and adrenaline for hand surgery is gaining popularity; however, where vascularity is impaired, wide-awake surgery is considered a contraindication. We present our case series of five digital devascularizations and eight amputations that underwent surgery using the ‘wide-awake’ anaesthetic technique. A temporary digital tourniquet (< 20 min) was used in three cases to identify structures quickly. The anastomoses were performed under local anaesthesia without a tourniquet. All cases had successful re-establishment of blood flow with good perfusion to the digital tips; no cases were re-explored because of vascular crisis. Four cases had minor superficial soft tissue necrosis that healed secondarily. We conclude that digital revascularization and replantation can be performed under local anaesthesia with use of adrenaline and without detriment to the traumatized digit provided careful patient selection and adequate operator experience are available.

Level of evidence: IV
Coastal Exploitation Throughout Marismas Nacionales Wetlands in Northwest Mexico
Authors: Rubio-Cisneros Nadia T. , Aburto-Oropeza Octavio , Jackson Jeremy , Ezcurra Exequiel
Published: April 2017

The consequences of human exploitation on wetlands remain unresolved for many regions. Marismas Nacionales wetland in Northwest Mexico is a Ramsar site and a Biosphere Reserve at Mexico. By integrating literature sources, fisheries data, and field studies, this study shows how long-term coastal exploitation has contributed to subsequent declines in fishery resources and the wetland health. Oysters declined in prehistoric times and potentially recovered during the Spanish occupation. Further, overexploitation of oyster banks in the mid-19th century diminished oysters’ populations by early 20th century. Then, inshore fishing cooperatives flourished and exploited shrimp and finfish. These fisheries seemed sustainable until outboard motors and nylon nets populated estuaries. Government subsidies and free-market policies of late 20th century exacerbated fishing effort and disrupted social organization of fishing cooperatives which lead to widespread illegal and unsustainable fishing practices. Currently, the seemingly subtle shifts in artisanal fishing techniques have modified Marismas’ food webs. These results can help develop conservation guidelines for wetlands ecosystem services and be a reference for managers in other countries where long-term data of wetlands exploitation is limited.
Digitization of Old Chinese Bibles (pre-1950s)
Authors: Wong Simon
Published: April 2017

The program “Digitization of Old Chinese Bibles,” likely the largest digitization program for Chinese Bibles ever undertaken, began in August 2014 under the auspices of the Digital Bible Library (DBL), an initiative of the United Bible Societies with the aim of gathering, validating, and safeguarding Scripture texts and publication assets ( https://thedigitalbiblelibrary.org/home/ ). The completion of Phase I in April 2016 also marked the launch of Phase II of the program. By the time the present article is published, a majority of twenty-two Chinese Bibles (full or New Testament) will have been full-text digitized and uploaded to DBL for wider distribution. The final goal of the digitization program is to digitize all thirty-three extant complete Chinese New Testaments or full Bibles—whether in Wenli (classical) Chinese or Mandarin Chinese—published prior to the 1950s. The purpose of the article is to report on this program, what it entails, and the challenges it faces.
Bases and Models Revisited: The Importance of Using Different Types of Reference Translations
Authors: Bascom Robert A.
Published: April 2017

In a 1979 article in The Bible Translator, Harold Fehderau developed a basic theoretical outline for what subsequently became common practice in many Bible translation projects—consulting both a formal “base” translation and a functional “model” translation in the language(s) of wider communication in the region. The starting point for this approach is the fact that most translation projects worldwide did not (and still do not) work directly with the source languages, but rather work(ed) with the biblical text by way of a single intermediate translation in the language(s) of wider communication within the local context. The clear advantage of this practice is that translators will by definition be translating from the text they are best able to understand, which presumably gives them the best chance to represent the original text well. But there are pitfalls to this method, some of which Fehderau alluded to in his article. One such pitfall will now be examined, from a consultant visit to the Tojolabal translation project being carried out in southern Mexico.
Metaphors of Human Longevity in Psalm 90.5: A Case of זמר/זרם Metathesis and ם = נו Ligature
Authors: Pinker Aron
Published: April 2017

This paper suggests that the difficulties associated with the interpretation of Ps 90.5a (זְרַמְתָּם שֵׁנָה יִהְיוּ) can be resolved if a זמר/זרם metathesis and the ligature ם = נו is assumed. These assumptions result in the reading זְמַרְתָּן וְשֵׁנָה יִהְיוּ, meaning “You trimmed them [i.e., the years of life], and a sleep they are,” which provides a cogent grammatical text, making only minimal changes to the MT. The verse contains three metaphors that describe human longevity by comparing it to the shortness of a nap (שֵׁנָה), the dawn (בֺּקֶר), and the transience of a blade of grass (חָצִיר).
Algorithmic memory and the right to be forgotten on the web
Authors: Esposito Elena
Published: April 2017

The debate on the right to be forgotten on Google involves the relationship between human information processing and digital processing by algorithms. The specificity of digital memory is not so much its often discussed inability to forget. What distinguishes digital memory is, instead, its ability to process information without understanding. Algorithms only work with data (i.e. with differences) without remembering or forgetting. Merely calculating, algorithms manage to produce significant results not because they operate in an intelligent way, but because they “parasitically” exploit the intelligence, the memory, and the attribution of meaning by human actors. The specificity of algorithmic processing makes it possible to bypass the paradox of remembering to forget, which up to now blocked any human-based forgetting technique. If you decide to forget some memory, the most immediate effect is drawing attention to it, thereby activating remembering. Working differently from human intelligence, however, algorithms can implement, for the first time, the classical insight that it might be possible to reinforce forgetting not by erasing memories but by multiplying them. After discussing several projects on the web which implicitly adopt this approach, the article concludes by raising some deeper problems posed when algorithms use data and metadata to produce information that cannot be attributed to any human being.