bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decreased vitamin D increase the risk for subclinical hypothyroidism in individuals with T2DM: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Fang Yaling , Wen Xin , You Hui , Huang Yueye , Qu Shen , Wang Xingchun , Bu Le
Published: January 2025

Background

Vitamin D is crucial for regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism. More studies have revealed its role in chronic diseases. Our study aimed to examine the relationship between thyroid function and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

730 patients with T2DM were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Among them, 118 subjects were classified as obese, while 613 were classified as non-obese. Thyroid and 25 hydroxyvitamin D(25(OH)D) levels were measured. Patients were categorized into lower and higher VD groups based on the median. Thyroid function was compared between groups and their association was analyzed.

Results

Body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TCH), triglyceride (TG), and free fatty acid (FFA) were significantly lower in the higher VD group compared to the lower VD group (all p < 0.05). In the higher VD group, free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels were significantly elevated (4.45 ± 0.93 vs. 4.95 ± 1.52 ng/mL, p < 0.001), while total triiodothyronine (TT4) (104.84 ± 21.17 vs. 99.99 ± 23.64 ng/mL, p = 0.008) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (2.88 ± 7.03 vs. 2.06 ± 1.72 ng/mL, p = 0.046) levels were significantly reduced compared to the lower VD group. VD showed a significant negative correlation with BMI, Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and FFA (r = −0.093, p = 0.016; r = −0.082, p = 0.036; r = −0.099, p = 0.011; r = −0.125, p = 0.001). FT3 and FT4 showed significant positive correlations with VD (r = 0.248, p < 0.001; r = 0.086, p = 0.025), while TT4 and TSH exhibited significant negative correlations (r = −0.103, p = 0.011; r = −0.080, p = 0.033). After adjusting for height, BMI, HGB, TCH, TG, FFA, and LDL, FT3 and FT4 remained significantly positively associated with VD (r = 0.227, p < 0.001; r = 0.089, p = 0.030), while TT4 and TSH continued to show significant negative associations (r = 0.091, p = 0.033; r = −0.081, p = 0.049). Linear regression analysis revealed a significant positive association between VD and FT3 (β = 4.144, p < 0.001) and negative associations with TT4 (β = −0.167, p < 0.001) and TSH (β = −0.412, p = 0.020). Logistic regression analysis indicated that VD serves as a protective factor against subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) (OR 0.987, 95% CI 0.974–0.999, p = 0.035), even after adjusting for BMI, FBG, FINS, TCH, and HDL (OR 0.986, 95% CI 0.974–0.999, p = 0.041). T2DM patients with SCH had lower 25(OH)D levels compared to those without SCH (46.45 ± 4.76 vs. 45.40 ± 5.84 ng/mL, p = 0.029).

Conclusion

These results suggest a dual relationship between VD and thyroid function. T2DM patients with SCH exhibited reduced VD levels.
Natural killer cell engagers for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Nikkhoi Shahryar Khoshtinat , Li Geng , Hatefi Arash
Published: January 2025

This review article explores the rapidly evolving field of bi-, tri-, and multi-specific NK cell engagers (NKCEs), highlighting their potential as a cutting-edge approach in cancer immunotherapy. NKCEs offer a significant advancement over conventional monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) by enhancing Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC). They achieve this by stably and selectively binding to both NK cell activating receptors and tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). Unlike traditional mAbs, which depend on the relatively transient interaction between their Fc region and CD16a, NKCEs establish more robust connections with a range of activating receptors (e.g., CD16a, NKG2D, NKp30, NKp46, NKG2C) and inhibitory receptors (e.g., Siglec-7) on NK cells, thereby increasing cancer cell killing efficacy and specificity. This review article critically examines the strategies for engineering bi-, tri-, and multi-specific NKCEs for cancer immunotherapy, providing an in-depth analysis of the latest advancements in NKCE platform technologies currently under development by pharmaceutical and biotech companies and discussing the preclinical and clinical progress of these products. While NKCEs show great promise, the review underscores the need for continued research to optimize their therapeutic efficacy and to overcome obstacles related to NK cell functionality in cancer patients. Ultimately, this article presents an overview of the current landscape and future prospects of NKCE-based cancer immunotherapy, emphasizing its potential to revolutionize cancer treatment.
Targeting the kynurenine pathway: another therapeutic opportunity in the metabolic crosstalk between cancer and immune cells
Authors: Kang Irene , Theodoropoulos George , Wangpaichitr Medhi
Published: January 2025

The pivotal role of metabolic reprogramming in cancer-related drug resistance, through the tryptophan-catabolized kynurenine pathway (KP), has been particularly underscored in recent research. This pathway, driven by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), facilitates immune evasion and promotes tumor progression by fostering an immunosuppressive environment. In Phase III investigation of the combination of IDO1 inhibition with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), the combination therapy was not efficacious. In this review, we revisit current advances, explore future directions, and emphasize the importance of dual inhibition of the KP rate-limiting enzymes IDO1 and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase-2 (TDO2) in appropriate patient populations. We propose that dual inhibition may maximize the therapeutic potential of KP inhibition. Additionally, we delve into the complex cellular interactions in cancer and metabolic dependencies within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Insights from preclinical studies, recent clinical trials, and promising therapeutic combinations will be discussed to elucidate and promote a clear path forward for the direction of KP research into cancer-related outcomes.
Characterizing the plasma protein binding profiles of chemistry diversified antisense oligonucleotides in human and mouse plasma using an ultrafiltration method
Authors: Yun Cassandra , Fukami Kazuki , Shinkyo Raku , Jiang Rongrong (Rosa)
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Plasma protein binding plays a significant role in influencing the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of drugs. This study focuses on examining two pairs of sequence-matched ASOs: phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) and 2’-O-methoxyethyl/phosphorothioate (MOE/PS)-modified ASOs, to assess their plasma protein binding profiles.

Methods

The binding of both PMO and MOE/PS-modified ASOs was investigated using an ultrafiltration method combined with hybridization electrochemiluminescence, allowing for the measurement of the unbound fraction (fu) in both mouse and human plasma. To further characterize the interaction between ASOs and plasma proteins, individual binding measurements were taken for five major proteins in human plasma: human serum albumin, α1-acid glycoprotein, human γ-globulin, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein.

Results

The results showed a notable difference in plasma protein binding between the two types of ASOs, with MOE/PS-modified ASOs exhibiting significantly higher binding compared to PMOs. The fu, plasma values revealed no significant species difference between mouse and human plasma. Additionally, a saturation point for fu, plasma was observed in MOE/PS-modified ASOs at concentrations above 1 μM, whereas PMOs did not show saturation even at concentrations up to 10 μM. Notably, human γ-globulins were found to have a predominant binding affinity for both MOE/PS and PMO ASOs at physiological concentrations, surpassing human serum albumin, the most abundant plasma protein.

Discussion

The results suggest that the chemistries of the ASOs, particularly their modifications, are key determinants of their binding profiles. The study also highlights the important, though previously overlooked, role of human γ-globulins in the plasma protein binding of ASOs. This could have implications for understanding ASO distribution and tissue disposition, which may inform the development and optimization of ASO-based therapies.
Drivers of innovation value: simulation for new drug pricing evaluation based on system dynamics modelling
Authors: Xing Qian , Cheng Wendi , Wang Wei , Jin Chunlin , Wang Haiyin
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Paying for the innovative value of drugs is an important means of mitigating healthcare system duplication and enhancing patient health. Assessing and exploiting the factors influencing innovation premium to forecast trends and shortcomings within the pharmaceutical innovation ecosystem.

Methods

Utilizing system dynamics, this research constructs a decision evaluation system for new drug pricing in Japan. It integrates various decision-making factors across dimensions such as value premium, marketability premium, pediatric premium, and SAKIGAKE premium, employing Vensim PLE software for simulation purposes.

Results

Under the current policy framework, pharmaceutical innovation is on the rise, with significant policy effects observable after 5 years. The most substantial growth in value occurs in medications for rare diseases and niche markets, with effects varying in the short to medium term and stabilizing over the long term. Sensitivity analysis highlights that factors like combination therapies, faster mechanisms of action, and novel therapeutic parts notably influence the value dimension. Other significant factors include obtaining national certifications, addressing indications lacking standard treatments, and demonstrating superior efficacy. The study also identifies underexploited opportunities related to the use of evidence in pricing decisions.

Conclusion

Clinical outcomes are pivotal in shaping drug pricing, influencing both patient and healthcare provider preferences, and thereby affecting market uptake and competitive dynamics. Regulatory frameworks that prioritize unmet medical needs or superior drug efficacy are essential. Future enhancements to the model should incorporate more real-world evidence and expand regulatory considerations to better reflect the dynamic nature of the healthcare sector and support equitable, outcome-based drug pricing.
Development and pan-cancer validation of an epigenetics-based random survival forest model for prognosis prediction and drug response in OS
Authors: Yin Chaoyi , Chi Kede , Chen Zhiqing , Zhuang Shabin , Ye Yongsheng , Zhang Binshan , Cai Cailiang
Published: January 2025

Background

Osteosarcoma (OS) exhibits significant epigenetic heterogeneity, yet its systematic characterization and clinical implications remain largely unexplored.

Methods

We analyzed single-cell transcriptomes of five primary OS samples, identifying cell type-specific epigenetic features and their evolutionary trajectories. An epigenetics-based Random Survival Forest (RSF) model was constructed using 801 curated epigenetic factors and validated in multiple independent cohorts.

Results

Our analysis revealed distinct epigenetic states in the OS microenvironment, with particular activity in OS cells and osteoclasts. The RSF model identified key predictive genes including OLFML2B, ACTB, and C1QB, and demonstrated broad applicability across multiple cancer types. Risk stratification analysis revealed distinct therapeutic response patterns, with low-risk groups showing enhanced sensitivity to traditional chemotherapy drugs while high-risk groups responded better to targeted therapies.

Conclusion

Our epigenetics-based model demonstrates excellent prognostic accuracy (AUC>0.997 in internal validation, 0.832–0.929 in external cohorts) and provides a practical tool for treatment stratification. These findings establish a clinically applicable framework for personalized therapy selection in OS patients.
Excess ventilation and chemosensitivity in patients with inefficient ventilation and chronic coronary syndrome or heart failure: a case–control study
Authors: Eser Prisca , Käesermann Dominic , Calamai Pietro , Kalberer Anja , Stütz Laura , Huber Sarina , Duffin James , Wilhelm Matthias
Published: January 2025

Background

In patients with chronic coronary syndromes (CCS), increased ventilation/carbon dioxide production (V̇E/V̇CO2) slope has been found to predict disease progression and mortality, similarly to patients with heart failure (HF); however, increased chemosensitivity, a well-established predictor for mortality in patients with HF, has rarely been assessed in patients with CCS.

Method

Patients with CCS, HF with reduced ejection fraction (EF < 50%), healthy controls (45+ years), and young healthy adults (<35 years) were recruited. For patients, a V̇E/V̇CO2 slope ≥36 was an inclusion criterion. The Duffin rebreathing method was used to determine the resting end-expiratory partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PETCO2), ventilatory recruitment threshold (VRT), and slope (sensitivity) during a hyperoxic (150 mmHg O2) and hypoxic (50 mmHg O2) rebreathing test to determine the central and peripheral chemosensitivity.

Results

In patients with CCS, HF, controls, and young healthy adults, median V̇E/V̇CO2 slopes were 40.2, 41.3, 30.5, and 28.0, respectively. Both patient groups had similarly reduced hyperoxic VRT (at PETCO2 42.1 and 43.2 mmHg) compared to 46.0 and 48.8 mmHg in the control and young healthy adults. Neither hypoxic VRT nor hyper- or hypoxic slopes were significantly different in patients compared to controls. Both patient groups had lower resting PETCO2 than controls, but only patients with HF had increased breathing frequency and rapid shallow breathing at rest.

Conclusion

In patients with HF and/or CCS and excess ventilation, central chemoreflex VRT was reduced independently of the presence of HF. Low VRTs were related to resting excess ventilation in patients with CCS or HF; however, rapid shallow breathing at peak exercise was present only in patients with HF.

Clinical trial registration number

NCT05057884.
A mixed methods exploration of self-presentation, authenticity, and role model function on Instagram: perspectives from female influencers in Germany
Authors: Zimmermann Daniel , Schneider Colleen , Kaspar Kai
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Social media influencers focussing on beauty, fashion, and fitness topics (BFFI) are important opinion leaders on Instagram. Nevertheless, they are criticized for their potential negative influence on their followers' physical and mental health due to their potentially biased self-presentation. Previous research has mainly focused on followers' perceptions of influencers' self-presentation, leaving a gap regarding the influencers' views.

Method

The present survey included 26 female BFFIs from Germany (18–35 years old), with 16 self-reported micro-influencers (10,000–100,000 followers) and ten macro-influencers (>100,000 followers), representing (semi-)professionals in this domain. 17 influencers saw their main focus in the field of fitness, 16 in fashion, and 13 in beauty. The survey included demographic information, open-ended questions, established and self-developed rating scales, and a social desirability assessment to examine the BFFIs' perceptions of their goals, self-presentation, and role model function. Quantitative data was examined via inter-correlation matrix and ANOVA, and qualitative data was analyzed via an established approach for qualitative content analysis.

Results

Influencers pursue mostly self-realization (50% of participants gave at least one related answer) and commercial goals (50%). While they generally perceive their self-presentation as authentic (84.6%) and positive (76.9%), they still see room for improvement in content creation (61.5%) and self-presentation (30.8%). Fear of negative feedback, absence of positivity and motivation, wrong cooperation partners (30.8% each) and insecurity (23.1%), among others, may lead to a less authentic self-presentation and use of picture editing. The tendency toward socially desirable responses (impression management) is negatively connected to the reported frequency of image editing tools used and attempts to appear authentic. Influencers reported several examples of responsible and irresponsible behaviors and strategies to avoid negative effects on their followers. The type of influencer (micro or macro level) showed a significant effect on the importance attributed to one's own role as an influencer.

Discussion

The complex findings suggest potential conflicts between the influencers' goals and the expectations of followers and cooperation partners. Influencers find themselves in a dual role as users and producers. This results in concrete behavioral challenges for them, but also in implications for established theories of media use.
Mobile Toolbox sequences task: development and validation of a remote, smartphone-based working memory test
Authors: Slotkin Jerry , Kaat Aaron J. , Young Stephanie Ruth , Dworak Elizabeth M. , Novack Miriam A. , Shono Yusuke , Adam Hubert , Nowinski Cindy J. , Pila Sarah , Hosseinian Zahra , Varela Diaz Maria , Almonte-Correa Anyelo , Alperin Keith , Camacho Monica R. , Landavazo Bernard , Nosheny Rachel L. , Weiner Michael W. , Gershon Richard C.
Published: January 2025

Objective

The ability to assess cognitive skills remotely is increasing with the widespread use and availability of smartphones. The Mobile Toolbox (MTB) is a measurement system that includes Sequences, a new measure of working memory designed specifically for smartphones. This study describes the development of Sequences and presents the studies conducted to evaluate its psychometric properties.

Methods

We developed a new measure of working memory that can be self-administered remotely using an iOS or Android smartphone. In Sequences, a series of numbers and letters are shown on the screen one at a time, and the participant must first tap the letters they see in alphabetical order, followed by tapping the numbers in ascending numerical order. The Sequences measure was evaluated for usability and feasibility across two pilot studies and then assessed in this validation study (which included a total sample size of N = 1,246). Psychometric properties of the new measure were evaluated in three studies involving participants aged 18–90 years. In Study 1 (N = 92), participants completed MTB measures in a laboratory setting. They were also administered both an equivalent NIH Toolbox (NIHTB) measure along with external measures of similar constructs. In Study 2 (N = 1,007), participants were administered NIHTB measures in the laboratory and then completed MTB measures remotely on their own devices. In Study 3 (N = 147), participants completed MTB measures twice, remotely on their own devices, with a 2–week interval between sessions.

Results

Sequences exhibited moderately high correlations with a comparable NIHTB test and external measures of a similar construct, while exhibiting a lower correlation with an unrelated test, as hypothesized. Internal consistency was high, but test-retest reliability was moderate. When controlling for age, phone operating system (iOS vs. Android) and sex assigned at birth did not significantly impact performance; however, there was a significant difference between individuals who completed college and those with a high school education or lower.

Conclusion

The results support the validity of Sequences as a measure of working memory for remote self-administered use. The internal consistency was strong, with moderate test-retest reliability that is likely a function of the test's unproctored self-administration method. The findings suggest that Sequences is appropriate for use with adults aged 18–90 years in remote self-administered designs that focus on group results.
Enhancing wellbeing among pre-service teachers through a mindfulness-based social and emotional learning curriculum: a quasi-experimental study in China
Authors: Wu Yunpeng , Qin Liping
Published: January 2025

Background

Integrating mindfulness practices and Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) into teacher education can significantly enhance educators’ wellbeing, resilience, and effectiveness. However, the cultural specificity of such interventions, particularly in the Chinese educational context, requires careful adaptation and examination.

Objective

This study aims to design, implement, and evaluate a culturally adapted MBSEL curriculum for Chinese pre-service teachers. It investigates the program’s effectiveness in improving mindfulness, self-compassion, and life satisfaction, contributing to the literature on integrating mindfulness and SEL in teacher education within a specific cultural setting.

Methods

Employing a quasi-experimental design, the study involved a sample of 41 Chinese pre-service teachers divided into an experimental group (n = 22) and a control group (n = 19). The MBSEL program’s impact on participants’ mindfulness, self-compassion, and life satisfaction was assessed using pre- and post-intervention measures.

Results

The results of repeated measures analyses of variance indicated significant improvements in mindfulness, self-compassion, and life satisfaction among participants in the experimental group compared to the control group. These outcomes underscore the effectiveness of the culturally adapted MBSEL program in enhancing key aspects of pre-service teachers’ wellbeing and professional readiness.

Discussion

The study demonstrates that a culturally adapted MBSEL curriculum effectively enhances mindfulness, self-compassion, and life satisfaction among Chinese pre-service teachers. This emphasizes the necessity of cultural sensitivity in developing mindfulness and SEL interventions for teacher education. Moreover, the success of the MBSEL program suggests its potential for global integration, urging policymakers and educators to prioritize culturally tailored approaches to enhance teacher wellbeing and educational outcomes.
Development of the children's primitive reflex integration assessment scale
Authors: Wang Meng , Yu Jing , Li Hongyao , Zhao Chongran , Li Yichao , Yang Xinyue
Published: January 2025

Objective

Non-integrated primitive reflexes (PRs) in children can lead to issues in motor function and psychological wellbeing, while prior studies have shown correlations between PR integration and neurodevelopmental disorders in children. However, measurement methods for PR integration remain unestablished. Therefore, in the present study, we describe the development of a measurement scale for PR integration, a novel assessment tool to evaluate PR integration in children.

Methods

Combining a literature review, practical experience, and results of specialized group discussions, a preliminary draft of the Children's Primitive Reflex Integration Measurement Scale (CPRIMS) was formulated. Employing a convenience sampling method, participants were selected from first and second-grade students in three primary schools in Liaoning province, Shenyang city, from May to July 2023. Item Discrimination Method (IDM), Critical Ratio Method (CRM), and Internal Consistency Coefficient Method (ICCM) were used for item analysis of pilot testing data. For formal testing data, Cronbach's α assessed the reliability of the scale, while fit indices such as chi-square value/degrees of freedom (χ2/df), Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA), and Comparative Fit Index (CFI), along with tests of construct validity, evaluated the scale's validity.

Results

Overall, 555 participants were selected, 234 children with a mean age of 7.59 ± 0.71 years participated in the pilot testing, while 321 children with a mean age of 7.73 ± 0.71 years participated in the formal testing. CPRIMS comprises seven dimensions and seventeen items, including the Moro reflex (MR), Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR), Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR), Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR), Spinal Galant Reflex (SGR), Spinal Perez Reflex (SPR), and Landau Reflex (LR), explaining 88.2% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a good model fit (χ2/df = 1.631, RMSEA = 0.044, NFI = 0.950, CFI = 0.980, IFI = 0.932, TLI = 0.972). Cronbach's α coefficients for the seven dimensions ranged from 0.730 to 0.945, demonstrating strong reliability.

Conclusion

CPRIMS, which includes dimensions such as MR, ATNR, STNR, TLR, SGR, SPR, and LR, demonstrates strong reliability and validity, indicating that this measure could serve as a reliable and effective tool for assessing the integration levels of PRs in children aged 6 to 9 years old.
Harmonizing the past: EEG-based brain network unveil modality-specific mechanisms of nostalgia
Authors: Shuxiang Hu , Ying Liu , Qizong Yue , Huan Zhao , Maoping Zheng
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Nostalgia is a complex emotional experience involving fond memories of the past and mild sadness, characterized by positive emotions associated with reflecting on previous events. It can awaken emotional memories of loved ones or significant events, contributing to an increase in positive emotions. An unresolved question regarding nostalgia is whether different channels of nostalgia input exhibit distinct mechanisms.

Methods

This study examined the emotional and neural effects of nostalgia using various sensory channels through behavioral experiments and electroencephalography (EEG) measurements conducted with college students in China. Participants' emotions were elicited using nostalgic and non-nostalgic stimuli presented through three different sensory channels: auditory (sound only), visual (e.g., still images or synchronized lyrics related to music), and audiovisual (a combination of sound and visual elements, such as music videos).

Results

The results demonstrated that nostalgic stimuli elicited significantly higher levels of emotional arousal, pleasure, nostalgia, and dominance compared to non-nostalgic stimuli. At the neural level, nostalgic stimuli enhanced the connection strength, global and local efficiency, and diminished eigenpath length of brain networks in the alpha and gamma bands. Additionally, nostalgia through the auditory channel induced higher activity intensity in the theta and gamma bands and increased brainwave amplitudes in the alpha bands. The audiovisual channel was capable of triggering stronger alpha-wave responses than the visual channel alone.

Discussion

These findings suggest that nostalgia effectively triggers positive emotional states and enhances cognitive processing. The audiovisual channel, in particular, showed advantages in eliciting alpha-wave responses. Further research is needed to explore the potential of nostalgia as an adjunctive therapeutic tool.
Psychiatric assessment in image-based sexual abuse case: a case report on imputability in personality disorder with narcissistic traits
Authors: Lodde Lorenzo , Zandara Claudia , Martella Andrea , Manchia Mirko , Paribello Pasquale , Mascia Irene , Pinna Martina
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Crimes committed on the Internet and social networks are rising, and the phenomenon is complex. Knowledge of context would be useful for professionals in cases that need psychiatric assessment. We report on a case of a 27-year-old young adult who is accused of image-based sexual abuse and other crimes, for whom the examining judge requested psychiatric assessment.

Methods

We conducted anamnestic collection (family, physiological and pathological, psychiatric, and toxicological), direct evaluation of the examinee, assessment of acquired health records, psychodiagnostic tests (i.e. graphic tests: Machover test, Koch test), Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2, Pathological Narcissism Inventory, State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory 2, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Thematic Apperception Test.

Results

The clinical forensic assessment led to a diagnosis of Unspecified Personality Disorder (predominantly narcissistic traits) according to the DSM-5 criteria. Direct assessment showed a tendency to simulate or exaggerate symptoms, confirmed by the invalidation of the MMPI-2. In addition, the psychodiagnostic test showed a tendency to aggressive behavior and difficulty in identifying and describing emotions and feelings (alexithymia).

Conclusions

This case highlights the importance of being familiar with the context of the Internet and social networks, where a rising number of crimes are committed. Forensic psychiatrists will be increasingly involved in evaluating cases related to the online world, which requires a basic knowledge of its characteristics and dynamics.
Proximity-based solutions for optimizing autism spectrum disorder treatment: integrating clinical and process data for personalized care
Authors: Vignapiano Annarita , Monaco Francesco , Landi Stefania , Steardo Luca , Mancuso Carlo , Pagano Claudio , Petrillo Gianvito , Marenna Alessandra , Piacente Martina , Leo Stefano , Ingenito Carminia Marina , Bonifacio Rossella , Di Gruttola Benedetta , Solmi Marco , Pontillo Maria , Di Lorenzo Giorgio , Fasano Alessio , Corrivetti Giulio
Published: January 2025

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) affects millions of individuals worldwide, presenting challenges in social communication, repetitive behaviors, and sensory processing. Despite its prevalence, diagnosis can be lengthy, and access to appropriate treatment varies greatly. This project utilizes the power of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL), to improve Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnosis and treatment. A central data hub, the Master Data Plan (MDP), will aggregate and analyze information from diverse sources, feeding AI algorithms that can identify risk factors for ASD, personalize treatment plans based on individual needs, and even predict potential relapses. Furthermore, the project incorporates a patient-facing chatbot to provide information and support. By integrating patient data, empowering individuals with ASD, and supporting healthcare professionals, this platform aims to transform care accessibility, personalize treatment approaches, and optimize the entire care journey. Rigorous data governance measures will ensure ethical and secure data management. This project will improve access to care, personalize treatments for better outcomes, shorten wait times, boost patient involvement, and raise ASD awareness, leading to better resource allocation. This project marks a transformative shift toward data-driven, patient-centred ASD care in Italy. This platform enhances treatment outcomes for individuals with ASD and provides a scalable model for integrating AI into mental health, establishing a new benchmark for personalized patient care. Through AI integration and collaborative efforts, it aims to redefine mental healthcare standards, enhancing the well-being for individuals with ASD.
HIV-related stigma among young men who have sex with men in HIV care in Plateau State Nigeria
Authors: Afolaranmi Tolulope O. , Chaplin Beth , Zoakah Ayuba I. , Kanki Phyllis J.
Published: January 2025

Background

HIV-related stigma is often expressed as irrational behaviors, negative attitudes, and unfavorable judgments toward people living with or at risk of HIV which remains very common in low- and middle-income countries including Nigeria. This study assessed the level of HIV-related stigma and its associated factors among Young Men who have Sex with Men (YMSM) in HIV care.

Methodology

This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 122 YMSM to assess the level of HIV-related stigma and its associated factors among YMSM in HIV care using respondent driven sampling between July 2023 and April 2024. Quantitative method of data collection was employed and SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The mean age of the study participants was 22.2 ± 2.0 years with 56 (45.6%) being 22 years and below. The total HIV- related stigma score for the participants was 121.9 ± 18.8 with high-level of stigma reported among 40 (32.8%) of the participants. Significant variation in the mean total HIV-related stigma score was found with duration on HIV treatment with those who had been on treatment for >3 years having a mean score of 117.8 ± 15.2 compared to 110.3 ± 20.1 for those who had been on treatment for <2 years (mean difference: −7.50; 95% Confidence interval: −14.45, −5.51; p = 0.035).

Conclusion

This study found a high level of HIV-related stigma among the YMSM in HIV care which is significantly influenced by the duration of time in HIV care.
The advancement of primary care dentistry in Hungary: progress of the dental cluster model since 2021 legislation
Authors: Sztrilich András , Kaposvári Csilla , Túri Gergő , Teller Rita , Vingender István
Published: January 2025

Background

Considerable changes in health policy in the area of publicly funded primary dental care in Hungary over the past 25 years have shaped primary care dentists’ financing, training and working conditions and the forms of association between dental providers. This study aims to describe the advancement of primary care dentistry in Hungary and the progress of the dental cluster model since the 2021 legislation.

Methods

A mixed method study was designed that included a scoping review of the literature in December 2023 to collect information on the health policy developments of Hungary’s publicly funded primary dental care system; (b) secondary data analysis was carried out to assess the development of primary care dentistry and the formation and operation of dental cluster practices in Hungary.

Results

Primary care dental clusters in Hungary were established to allow active professional cooperation within the dental clusters to improve the population’s access to preventive dental services and the quality of services. From its legislative base until December 31, 2023, 74 primary dental clusters were formed nationwide, representing 30% of dental practices. On average, the primary dental clusters contain nine practices. There is an uneven geographical distribution of primary dental clusters by counties. Up to the date of this research, primary care dental clusters were set up exclusively in the form of consortia. Adult and mixed dental practices, practices from county towns, county capitals and the capital city, as well as practices from districts with more dentists in the proportion of the population were more likely to join a dental group practice.

Conclusion

Monitoring and evaluating of the operation, performance and impact of primary care dental clusters in the future will provide important information about the Hungarian model.
Enhancing postharvest quality of bananas: comparative study on the use ZnO and Ag2O nanoparticles and ZnO/Ag2O composites
Authors: Aruwajoye Noluthando Noxolo , Sanusi Isaac Adeyemi , Aruwajoye Gabriel Sanjo , Mditshwa Asanda , Tesfay Samson Zeray
Published: January 2025

The ‘Cavendish’ banana is cultivated for its flavor and nutritional value, but its climacteric nature leads to rapid ripening and reduced shelf life. Preserving postharvest quality is crucial for minimizing losses and ensuring consumer satisfaction. Nanoparticles such as ZnO and Ag2O have shown promise in extending the shelf life and maintaining the quality of perishable fruits. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ZnO- and Ag₂O-enriched edible coatings on the postharvest physicochemical quality of ‘Cavendish’ bananas stored at ambient temperature. Bananas were treated with five different formulations: (1) moringa extract alone (MG), (2) moringa extract combined with carboxymethyl cellulose and glycerol (MG + CMC + GLY), (3) carboxymethyl cellulose and glycerol with Ag2O nanoparticles (Ag2O), (4) carboxymethyl cellulose and glycerol with ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO), and (5) carboxymethyl cellulose and glycerol with a combination of Ag2O and ZnO nanoparticles (Ag2O + ZnO). The effects on key quality parameters, including weight loss, color retention, total soluble solids, total acidity, pH, and peel structure, were assessed. At the end of the storage period, the fruits treated with ZnO + Ag₂O nanoparticles demonstrated a significantly lower decay incidence of 44.44% than the control (100%). Similarly, nanoparticle-enriched treatments maintained higher L* (1.46-fold), b*(1.38-fold), and ho (1.11-fold) values than the control treatment. Remarkably, the Ag2O + ZnO composite formulation showed the most significant positive effects on total acidity, pH, and stomatal cell integrity toward improving banana quality. This study highlights the potential of ZnO/Ag2O composites as effective postharvest treatments to enhance banana quality and extend shelf life, providing a promising approach to reduce postharvest losses and ensure fruit quality during storage and transportation.
Evaluating biomarkers in canine cytotoxic interface dermatitis reactions to account for clinical and histopathological similarities and differences
Authors: Kannan Shriya , Wong Neil B. , Ryan Grace E. , James Nia E. R. , Ajayi Ayodeji , Lubov Janet E. , David Clement N. , Wrijil Linda , Robinson Nicholas A. , Hughes Kelly , Almela Ramon M. , Richmond Jillian M.
Published: January 2025

Cytotoxic interface dermatitis (CID) is a pattern reaction predominantly at the dermo-epidermal junction that encapsulates numerous chronic non-communicable inflammatory skin conditions in which the basal keratinocytes are attacked by T-cell infiltrate leading to apoptosis, lymphocytic satellitosis and vacuolar degeneration. Though many diseases include CID, the type of clinical presentation and tissue patterns expressed from disease to disease varies. In this study, we evaluate the commonalities and discrepancies in significantly expressed biomarkers across several CID conditions to examine their impact on clinical presentations in canines. Among the uniquely expressed genes in each disease, we observed significantly expressed IFNG in Discoid Lupus Erythematosus, TRAT1 in Epitheliotropic Lymphoma, and CXCL8 and CSF3R in pemphigus affected dogs. With this knowledge, we may be able to use molecular signatures in combination with current treatment practices to develop a more targeted treatment plan for patients with CID.
Microbial ecology of sandflies—the correlation between nutrition, Phlebotomus papatasi sandfly development and microbiome
Authors: Vaselek Slavica , Alten Bulent
Published: January 2025

The role and the impact of the microbial component on the biology, ecology, and development of sandflies is largely unknown. We evaluated the impact of larval nutrition on laboratory-reared sandflies in correlation to the abundance of food, light starvation, and food with/without live microbiome, by monitoring the survival and development of immature stages, and the longevity of adult sandflies. Within this study we examined 360 larvae, 116 pupae, and 120 adult flies of Phlebotomus papatasi for the microbial gut content. The data showed that the presence of a live and diverse microbiome plays a role in the development and survival of larvae. The mortality rate of the larvae was higher, and larval development was longer for sandflies maintained on microbiome-depleted medium, in comparison to the larvae fed with medium containing alive and complex microbiome. Actively feeding larvae reduce microbial abundance and diversity of the medium. The microbial content of the larval gut depends on the composition of the rearing medium, indicating a potential attraction to certain bacteria. The microbial content of the pupa gut was severely diminished, with overall survival of two bacterial species in adult insects - Ochrobactrum intermedium (found in 95% of dissected adults) and Bacillus subtilis (16%). Further microbial studies may aid in developing biological control methods for sandfly larval or adult stages.
Design and Field Evaluation of an End Effector for Robotic Strawberry Harvesting
Authors: Ochoa Ezekyel , Mo Changki
Published: January 2025

As the world’s population continues to rise while the agricultural workforce declines, farmers are increasingly challenged to meet the growing food demand. Strawberries grown in the U.S. are especially threatened by such stipulations, as the cost of labor for such a delicate crop remains the bulk of the total production costs. Autonomous systems within the agricultural sector have enormous potential to catalyze the labor and land expansions required to meet the demands of feeding an increasing population, as well as heavily reducing the amount of food waste experienced in open fields. Our team is working to enhance robotic solutions for strawberry production, aiming to improve field processes and better replicate the efficiency of human workers. We propose a modular configuration that includes a Delta X parallel robot and a pneumatically powered end effector designed for precise strawberry harvesting. Our primary focus is on optimizing the design of the end effector and validating its high-speed actuation capabilities. The prototype of the presented end effector achieved high success rates of 94.74% in simulated environments and 100% in strawberry fields at Farias Farms, even when tasked to harvest in the densely covered conditions of the late growing season. Using an off-the-shelf robotic configuration, the system’s workspace has been validated as adequate for harvesting in a typical two-plant-per-row strawberry field, with the hardware itself being evaluated to harvest each strawberry in 2.8–3.8 s. This capability sets the stage for future enhancements, including the integration of the machine vision processes such that the system will identify and pick each strawberry within 5 s.
Methane/Air Flame Control in Non-Premixed Bluff Body Burners Using Ring-Type Plasma Actuators
Authors: Bagherighajari Fatemeh , Abdollahzadehsangroudi Mohammadmahdi , Páscoa José C.
Published: January 2025

Enhancing the combustion efficiency and flame stability in conventional systems is essential for reducing carbon emissions and advancing sustainable energy solutions. In this context, electrohydrodynamic plasma actuators offer a promising active control method for modifying and regulating flame characteristics. This study presents a numerical investigation into the effects of a ring-type plasma actuator positioned on the co-flow air side of a non-premixed turbulent methane/air combustion system—an approach not previously reported in the literature. The ring-type plasma actuator was designed by placing electrodes along the perimeter of the small diameter wall of the air duct. The impact of the plasma actuator on the reacting flow field within the burner was analyzed, with a focus on its influence on the flow dynamics and flame structure. The results, visualized through velocity and temperature contours, as well as flow streamlines, provide insight into the actuator’s effect on flame behavior. Two operating modes of the plasma actuators were evaluated: co-flow mode, where the aerodynamic effect of the plasma actuators was directed downstream; and counter-flow mode, where the effects were directed upstream. The findings indicate that the co-flow actuation positively reduces the flame height and enhances the flame anchoring at the root, whereas counter-flow actuation slightly weakens the flame root. Numerical simulations further revealed that co-flow actuation marginally increases the energy release by approximately 0.13%, while counter-flow actuation reduces the energy release by around 7.8%.
Testing Performance of Modeling and Simulation Code of Liquid Propellant Supply System Using Method of Characteristics
Authors: Seo Ji Hoe , Kim Hye In , Roh Tae-Seong , Lee Hyoung Jin
Published: January 2025

The primary objective of a liquid propellant supply system is to supply propellant to the engine, enabling stable mission performance. Therefore, the system design must aim at minimizing factors that may contribute to instability while satisfying the specified requirements. Modeling and simulation (M&S) techniques are typically used to achieve efficient design, offering advantages such as the ability to simulate various conditions without constraints, thereby reducing initial development costs and time. Consequently, the performance and accuracy of the M&S program can significantly impact the overall development process. In this study, the method of characteristics (MOC) is used to effectively calculate internal flow in pipes, thereby developing an M&S code with excellent accuracy and performance. The efficiency of the developed in-house code is evaluated by comparing the simulation results with those of a commercial program. Additionally, a water supply experiment is conducted, and the experimental results are compared with the two simulation outcomes for validation. The comparative analysis highlights the superior performance and accuracy of the in-house code over the commercial program, with the in-house code demonstrating an average accuracy improvement of approximately 2% to 3% and with computational performance being approximately 1.7 times faster.
Exploring the Influence of Environmental and Crop Management Factors on Sorghum Nutrient Composition and Amino Acid Digestibility in Broilers
Authors: Sasia Santiago , Bridges William , Boyles Richard E. , Arguelles-Ramos Mireille
Published: January 2025

This exploratory study expected crop management and climatic factors to significantly influence the nutrient composition and amino acid digestibility of tannin-free sorghum grain determined in broilers of 3 wks of age. Using data from six tannin-free sorghum samples harvested across the southeast USA, Pearson correlations were analyzed (r ≥ |0.8|; p < 0.05). Standardized ileal amino acid digestibility (SIAD) was determined in a previous study using eight replicate cages with 13 birds per sorghum sample. SIAD values were correlated with nitrogen fertilization, yield, seeding rate, and climatic data obtained by surveying the crop growers and from weather stations. Nitrogen fertilization positively correlated with dry matter and starch. Yield was positively associated with SIAD, while seeding rate was negatively correlated with dry matter and Lys. Fiber, particular neutral detergent fiber, showed an inverse relationship with SIAD. No significant correlations with climatic factors were found, which was likely due to the close proximity of growing locations (r ≤ |0.8|; p > 0.05). Despite the limitations of a small sample size (n = 6) and genetic variability within and between each sorghum sample, these findings provide preliminary insights into managing sorghum cultivation to enhance its nutritional value for poultry. Future research should explore larger datasets, from further locations apart, and standardized data collection measurements to be able develop predictive models for grain quality improvement.
Picking-Point Localization Algorithm for Citrus Fruits Based on Improved YOLOv8 Model
Authors: Liang Yun , Jiang Weipeng , Liu Yunfan , Wu Zihao , Zheng Run
Published: January 2025

The citrus picking-point localization is critical for automatic citrus harvesting. Due to the complex citrus growing environment and the limitations of devices, the efficient citrus picking-point localization method becomes a hot research topic. This study designs a novel and efficient workflow for citrus picking-point localization, named as CPPL. The CPPL is achieved based on two stages, namely the detection stage and the segmentation stage. For the detection stage, we define the KD-YOLOP to accurately detect citrus fruits to quickly localize the initial picking region. The KD-YOLOP is defined based on a knowledge distillation learning and a model pruning to reduce the computational cost while having a competitive accuracy. For the segmentation stage, we define the RG-YOLO-seg to efficiently segment the citrus branches to compute the picking points. The RG-YOLO-seg is proposed by introducing the RGNet to extract efficient features and using the GSNeck to fuse multi-scale features. Therefore, by using knowledge distillation, model pruning, and a lightweight model for branch segmentation, the proposed CPPL achieves accurate real-time localization of citrus picking points. We conduct extensive experiments to evaluate our method; many results show that the proposed CPPL outperforms the current methods and achieves adequate accuracy. It provides an efficient and robust novel method for real-time citrus harvesting in practical agricultural applications.