bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correction: A “double-locked” probe for the detection of hydrogen sulfide in a viscous system
Authors: Kong Fanpeng , Wang Xiaoxiu , Bai Jundong , Li Xiao , Yang Chao , Li Ying , Xu Kehua , Tang Bo
Published: June 2021

Correction for ‘A “double-locked” probe for the detection of hydrogen sulfide in a viscous system’ by Fanpeng Kong et al., Chem. Commun., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01819a.
Residue-specific binding mechanisms of PD-L1 to its monoclonal antibodies by computational alanine scanning
Authors: Wen Wei , Huang Dading , Bao Jingxiao , Zhang John Z.H.
Published: June 2021

Programmed cell death 1 receptor (PD-1) on the surface of T cells and its ligand 1 (PD-L1) are immune checkpoint proteins.
Directing evolution of novel ligands by mRNA display
Authors: Kamalinia Golnaz , Grindel Brian J. , Takahashi Terry T. , Millward Steven W. , Roberts Richard W.
Published: June 2021

In this review, Kamaliniaet al.discuss mRNA display and its role in peptide and protein design.
Speciation and separation of platinum(iv) polynuclear complexes in concentrated nitric acid solutions
Authors: Suzuki Tomoya , Otsubo Ukyo , Ogata Takeshi , Shiwaku Hideaki , Kobayashi Tohru , Yaita Tsuyoshi , Matsuoka Mitsuaki , Murayama Norihiro , Narita Hirokazu
Published: June 2021

The larger species among the Pt(iv) polynuclear complexes formed in heated, concentrated, nitric acid solutions exhibited preferential adsorption onto anion-exchange resins.
Benzyne addition to a metal–carbon multiple bond
Authors: Barnett Harrison J. , Hill Anthony F.
Published: June 2021

Benzyne (dehydrobenzene) is shown to add across the RhC multiple bond of a dirhodium carbido complex to afford a cyclometallated μ-benzylidyne complex.
Encapsulation of lead halide perovskite quantum dots in mesoporous NaYF4 matrices with enhanced stability for anti-counterfeiting
Authors: Che Hailin , Dang Peipei , Wei Yi , Cheng Ziyong , Lin Jun
Published: June 2021

The NaYF4:Yb,Tm-PQDs nanocomposites with high luminescence and stability were successfully constructed by a simple hydrolysis-encapsulation strategy.
An ultrafast process for the fabrication of a Li metal–inorganic solid electrolyte interface
Authors: Kitaura Hirokazu , Hosono Eiji , Zhou Haoshen
Published: June 2021

A strategy to use a reactive process using ultrasonication has been suggested for the ultrafast fabrication of Li metal–inorganic solid electrolyte interface.
Visible-light-promoted thiocyanation of sp2 C–H bonds over heterogeneous graphitic carbon nitrides
Authors: Chen Wei , Li Tingzhen , Peng Xinwen
Published: June 2021

Mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (mpg-C3N4) is developed as a practical heterogeneous photocatalyst for C–S bond formation.
Preferred zinc-modified melamine phytate for the flame retardant polylactide with limited smoke release
Authors: Wang Dong , Wang Yang , Zhang Xuhui , Li Ting , Du Mingliang , Chen Mingqing , Dong Weifu
Published: June 2021

The higher flame retardancy and smoke suppression effects for PLA/MPAZn20were mainly ascribed to the condensed phase during combustion.
Influence of intramolecular π–π and H-bonding interactions on pyrazolylimine nickel-catalyzed ethylene polymerization and co-polymerization
Authors: Sun Yao , Chi Mingjun , Bashir Muhammad Sohail , Wang Yusong , Qasim Muhammad
Published: June 2021

Pyrazolylimine-based nickel catalysts bearing intramolecular π–π and H-bonding interactions show high activity, thermal stability, and Mn of polyethylene.
General fabrication of RuM (M = Ni and Co) nanoclusters for boosting hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalysis
Authors: Yuan Mengyu , Wang Cheng , Wang Yong , Wang Yuan , Wang Xiaomei , Du Yukou
Published: June 2021

RuM (M = Ni and Co) nanoclusters supported by carbon fiber cloths are prepared as an efficient electrocatalyst for the HER.
Engineering sulfur vacancies into Fe9S10 nanosheet arrays for efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution
Authors: He Wenjun , Cheng Jianing , Gao Yaohui , Liu Caichi , Zhao Jianling , Li Ying , Hao Qiuyan
Published: June 2021

The development of Earth-abundant transition metal sulfide electrocatalysts with excellent activity and stability toward the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is critical but challenging.
Recent advances in the transition metal-free oxidative dehydrogenative aromatization of cyclohexanones
Authors: Deng Kun , Huang Huawen , Deng Guo-Jun
Published: June 2021

This review focuses on the transition metal-free oxidative dehydrogenative aromatization reactions of cyclohexanones, with an emphasis on the scope and limitations, as well as the mechanisms of these reactions.
Iridium-catalyzed regioselective hydrosilylation of internal alkynes facilitated by directing and steric effects
Authors: Gao Weiwei , Ding Huan , Yu Tian , Wang Zhen , Ding Shengtao
Published: June 2021

Iridium-catalyzed regioselective hydrosilylation of internal alkynes facilitated by directing and steric effects is demonstrated.
Donor–acceptor based two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks for near-infrared photothermal conversion
Authors: Zhang Yue , Wu Guiyuan , Liu Hui , Tian Rui , Li Yan , Wang Danbo , Chen Renzeng , Zhao Jinyu , Liu Shipeng , Li Zhibo , Zhao Yingjie
Published: June 2021

Two 2D COFs containing both electron acceptors and donors were prepared successfully. The charge-transfer process results in distinct near-infrared absorption properties which make them good NIR photothermal materials.
HSPA1A-siRNA nucleated gold nanorods for stimulated photothermal therapy through strategic heat shock to HSP70
Authors: Kim Beom-Su , Kumar Dinesh , Park Chan Hee , Kim Cheol Sang
Published: June 2021

The surface-modified gold nanorods (GNRs) with siRNA and mPEG (mPEG@siRNA@GNR) as hot plasmonic nano-assemblies for highly efficient NIR-triggered photothermal combination therapy through strategic HSPA1A gene silencing against HSP70.
Progress and recent trends in the direct selenocyanation of (hetero)aromatic C–H bonds
Authors: Hassanpour Akbar , Ghavidelaghdam Elham , Ebadi Abdol Ghaffar , Poor Heravi Mohammad Reza , Vessally Esmail
Published: June 2021

Concise overview on the synthesis of biologically and synthetically important aromatic and heteroaromatic selenocyanates through the direct selenocyanation of (hetero)aromatic C–H bonds with an emphasis on the reaction mechanisms.
Visible light driven photocatalytic degradation of aqueous acetamiprid over nitrogen and graphene oxide doped ZnO composites
Authors: Sayury Miyashiro Carolina , Hamoudi Safia
Published: June 2021

The present investigation focused on the photocatalytic degradation of acetamiprid in aqueous solutions under visible light over bare ZnO as well as N- and N-GO-doped ZnO photocatalysts.
The controlled synthesis and DFT investigation of novel (0D)–(3D) ZnS/SiO2 heterostructures for photocatalytic applications
Authors: Sanad Mohamed F. , Shalan Ahmed Esmail , Ahmed M. A. , Messih M. F. Abdel
Published: June 2021

A ZnS/SiO2 photocatalyst was synthesized with different molar ratios using a low-cost sol–gel wet chemical procedure exhibited superior performance in the photodegradation of organic dyes under UV irradiation.
Construction of hierarchical CoP@Ni2P core–shell nanoarrays for efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution in alkaline solution
Authors: Jin Hao , Liu Shuo , Pei Lang , Li Gao , Ma Zhanfeng , Bai Wangfeng , Wu Shiting , Yuan Yong-Jun , Zhong Jiasong
Published: June 2021

Benefiting from their structural and compositional merits, the as-synthesized CoP@Ni2P core–shell nanoarrays exhibit excellent electrocatalytic activity and long-term stability for HER in 1 M KOH.
Rational design of magnetically separable core/shell Fe3O4/ZnO heterostructures for enhanced visible-light photodegradation performance
Authors: Pham Hoai Linh , Nguyen Van Dang , Nguyen Van Khien , Le Thi Hong Phong , Ta Ngoc Bach , Pham Do Chung , Tran Quoc Toan , Dang Van Thanh
Published: June 2021

Magnetically separable core/shell Fe3O4/ZnO heteronanostructures (MSCSFZ) were synthesized by a facile approach, and their application for enhanced solar photodegradation of RhB was studied.
Simultaneous assistance of molecular oxygen and mesoporous SO3H–alumina for a selective conversion of biomass-derived furfural to γ-valerolactone without an external addition of H2
Authors: Karnjanakom Surachai , Bayu Asep , Maneechakr Panya , Samart Chanatip , Kongparakul Suwadee , Guan Guoqing
Published: June 2021

Sustainable production of γ-valerolactone was achieved without humins formation via a simultaneous integration of molecular oxygen/mesoporous SO3H–alumina catalyst in the presence of 2-butanol.
Renormalized thermoelectric figure of merit in a band-convergent Sb2Te2Se monolayer: full electron–phonon interactions and selection rules
Authors: Chen Ying , Wu Yu , Hou Bowen , Cao Jiang , Shao Hezhu , Zhang Yiming , Mei Haodong , Ma Congcong , Fang Zhilai , Zhu Heyuan , Zhang Hao
Published: June 2021

Based on the full electron–phonon couplings analysis and the solution to the Boltzmann transport equation, Sb2Te2Se monolayer is expected to be a high-performance thermoelectric material with high zT values of 1.28/1.86 for p/n doping at 300 K, respectively.
Recent progress in electrocatalysts and electrodes for portable fuel cells
Authors: Neaţu Ştefan , Neaţu Florentina , Chirica Iuliana M. , Borbáth Irina , Tálas Emília , Tompos András , Somacescu Simona , Osiceanu Petre , Folgado M. Antonia , Chaparro Antonio M. , Florea Mihaela
Published: June 2021

This review highlights the recent progress in designing electrocatalysts for producing high performance fuel cells with truly potential applicability to be used in portable devices.
Constructing an electron-rich interface over an Sb/Nb2CTx–MXene heterojunction for enhanced electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction
Authors: Li Xingchuan , Luo Yaojing , Li Qingqing , Guo Yali , Chu Ke
Published: June 2021

The coupling of Sb and Nb2CTxcould generate an electron-rich interface, which could effectively promote N2activation and hydrogenation while restricting the competing hydrogen evolution.
“Bubble-in-bowl” structured metal phosphide@N, P codoped carbon via bio-assisted combustion synthesis for high-performance potassium-ion hybrid capacitors in a wide temperature range
Authors: Li Xia , Wu Yu , Yan Dukang , Xie Mingxue , Zhang Sen , Deng Chao
Published: June 2021

The CoP@NPC BIB anode with fast kinetics, high durability and good reliability favors the high performance PIHCs.
Candidate box fusion based approach to adjust position of the candidate box for object detection
Authors: Cao Jie , Ren Wei , Zhang Hong , Chen Zuohan
Published: June 2021

The method of object detection has been applied to all aspects
in our lives. Although object detection methods based on deep learning have
been widely used in various fields, there are still some overlooked problems in
the candidate box selection stage. The detection results of traditional
candidate box selection methods can only select a relatively optimal maximum
candidate box. If the maximum candidate box is still not accurate enough, this
type of methods will not be able to do adjust it. To solve this problem, an
object detection method based on the multiple candidate box fusion is proposed.
The method can not only retain the maximum candidate box and delete the non‐maximum
candidate box, but also adjust the position of the maximum candidate box again.
Thereby a more accurate maximum candidate box can be obtained. In order to
verify the generalization ability of the method, the candidate box fusion
method is combined with the two object detection frameworks: faster R‐CNN model and
YOLOv3 model. The results of these experiments prove that the proposed method
can achieve higher detection accuracy and complete the object detection task
more effectively.
Jet-driven AGN feedback on molecular gas and low star-formation efficiency in a massive local spiral galaxy with a bright X-ray halo
Authors: Nesvadba N. P. H. , Wagner A. Y. , Mukherjee D. , Mandal A. , Janssen R. M. J. , Zovaro H. , Neumayer N. , Bagchi J. , Bicknell G.
Published: June 2021

It has long been suspected that powerful radio sources may lower the efficiency with which stars form from the molecular gas in their host galaxy, however so far, alternative mechanisms, in particular related to the stellar mass distribution in the massive bulges of their host galaxies, have not been ruled out. We present new, arcsecond-resolution Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) CO(1−0) interferometry, which probes the spatially resolved, cold molecular gas in the nearby (z = 0.08), massive (Mstellar = 4 × 1011 M⊙), isolated, late-type spiral galaxy 2MASSX J23453269−044925, which is outstanding for having two pairs of powerful, giant radio jets, and a bright X-ray halo of hot circumgalactic gas. The molecular gas is in a massive (Mgas = 2.0 × 1010 M⊙), 24 kpc wide, rapidly rotating ring, which is associated with the inner stellar disk. Broad (FWHM = 70−180 km s−1) emission lines with complex profiles associated with the radio source are seen over large regions in the ring, indicating gas velocities that are high enough to keep the otherwise marginally Toomre-stable gas from fragmenting into gravitationally bound, star-forming clouds. About 1−2% of the jet kinetic energy is required to power these motions. Resolved star-formation rate surface densities derived from Galaxy Evolution Explorer and Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer fall by factors of 30−70 short of expectations from the standard Kennicutt–Schmidt law of star-forming galaxies, and near gas-rich early-type galaxies with signatures of star formation that are lowered by jet feedback. We argue that radio Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) feedback is the only plausible mechanism to explain the low star-formation rates in this galaxy. Previous authors have already noted that the X-ray halo of J2345−0449 implies a baryon fraction that is close to the cosmic average, which is very high for a galaxy. We contrast this finding with other, equally massive, and equally baryon-rich spiral galaxies without prominent radio sources. Most of the baryons in these galaxies are in stars, not in the halos. We also discuss the implications of our results for our general understanding of AGN feedback in massive galaxies.
Limits on the contribution of early endogenous radiolysis to oxidation in carbonaceous chondrites’ parent bodies
Authors: Bouquet Alexis , Miller Kelly E. , Glein Christopher R. , Mousis Olivier
Published: June 2021

Context.Carbonaceous chondrites have undergone alteration in their parent bodies and display oxidized secondary phases, including sulfates in CI and CM chondrites. The cause of the formation of these sulfates is yet to be determined.

Aims.This study investigates the potential of endogenous radiolysis of water (i.e., radiolysis caused by radionuclides present in the rock) on the parent bodies of carbonaceous chondrites. Radiolysis may have contributed to the enhanced degree of oxidation of CI and CM chondrites, and we also examined CV chondrites as a case with no measured sulfates.

Methods.We quantified the oxidants produced by radiolysis and how much of the sulfur content could be oxidized to form sulfates by this method. The amount of oxidants was calculated using a radiolytic production model developed and used for Earth and planetary applications that takes into account relevant physical parameters (water-to-rock ratio, grain density) and composition (amount of radionuclides, sulfur content).

Results.For CM and CI parent bodies, even using a very favorable set of assumptions, only slightly more than 1% of the available sulfur can be oxidized into sulfates by this process, significantly below the amount of sulfates observed in these chondrites.

Conclusions.Endogenous radiolysis is unlikely to have significantly contributed to the abundance of sulfate in CI and CM meteorites. The hypothesis of oxidation of sulfur by large quantities of O2accreted with primitive ice, on the other hand, is quantitatively supported by measurements of O2in comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.
MaNGA galaxies with off-centered spots of enhanced gas velocity dispersion
Authors: Pilyugin L. S. , Cedrés B. , Zinchenko I. A. , Pérez Garcia A. M. , Lara-López M. A. , Nadolny J. , Nefedyev Y. A. , González-Otero M. , Vílchez J. M. , Duarte Puertas S. , Navarro Martinez R.
Published: June 2021

Off-centered spots of the enhanced gas velocity dispersion,σ, are revealed in some galaxies from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory survey (MaNGA). Aiming to clarify the origin of the spots of enhancedσ, we examine the distributions of the surface brightness, the line-of-sight velocity, the oxygen abundance, the gas velocity dispersion, and the Baldwin-Phillips-Terlevich spaxel classification in seven galaxies. We find that the enhancedσspots in six galaxies can be attributed to a (minor) interaction with a satellite. Three galaxies in our sample have a very close satellite (the separation in the sky plane is comparable to the optical radius of the galaxy). The spots of enhancedσin those galaxies are located at the edge of the galaxy close to the satellite. The spots of enhancedσin three other galaxies are related to bright spots in the photometricBband within the galaxy, which can be due to the projection of a satellite in the line of sight of the galaxy. The oxygen abundances in the spots in these three galaxies are reduced. This suggests that the low-metallicity gas from the satellite is mixed with the interstellar medium of the disk, that is, the gas exchange between the galaxy and its satellite takes place. The spectra of the spaxels within a spot are usually H II-region-like, suggesting that the interaction (gas infall) in those galaxies does not result in appreciable shocks. In contrast, the spot of the enhancedσin the galaxy M-8716-12703 is associated with an off-centered active galactic nucleus-like radiation distribution. One can suggest that the spot of the enhancedσin the M-8716-12703 galaxy is different in origin, or that the characteristics of gas infall in this case differs from that in other galaxies.
Water Quality Assessment of West Tarum Canal for Drinking Water Supply
Authors: Utami Ayu Widya , Martono Dwi Nowo , Agustina Haruki
Published: June 2021

West Tarum Canal (WTC) is a canal that drains raw water from the Jatiluhur Dam. Nearly 81% of the raw water for drinking water used by Jakarta’s people comes from this canal. However, various land uses such as agriculture, industry, settlements, and infrastructure development impact WTC’s water quality. This research aims to assess WTC’s water quality in 2016-2020 based on water quality standards set by the Government and using the STORET method. The results of this research indicate that the concentrations of TDS (142-351 mg/L), Fe (0.1-0.15 mg/L), Mn (0.03-0.1 mg/L) are meet the standards, while DO (3.6-4.9 mg/L), BOD (4-10 mg/L), COD (13-30 mg/L) are not meet the standards. Almost all monitoring points have pH values between 5.75-7.68 that are meet the standards. The STORET score of WTC is from -26 to -38 with an average of -30, which indicates that WTC’s water quality is moderately polluted. Water contamination in WTC will burden the drinking water processing and ultimately affect the community’s ability to pay for drinking water. This research also shows the need for integrated management of WTC from upstream to downstream and the need to increase collaboration between stakeholders in carrying out this management.
Linking Green Human Resource Management Practices with Green Employee Behavior: The Role of Environmental Knowledge as a Mediator
Authors: Jermsittiparsert Kittisak
Published: June 2021

Past empirical researches have shown concern regarding the importance of creation of knowledge among green human resources management (GHRM) practices and employees’ green behavior (EGB). The main objective of current research is to investigate environmental knowledge (EK) as a mediator among GHRM practices and green behavior of Thai public sector higher educational institutions lecturers. The crosssectional research determines the process through which GHRM practices affect the EGB in Thai public sector higher educational institutions by the mediating role of EK. In this research, GHRM practices involves green recruitment and selection, green training, green pay and rewards, green involvement and participation and green performance management and EGB is assessed through environmental management system. In order to evaluate the relationship from 375 useable responses, partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) technique was used. The results of this research indicate that EK has a full mediating effect on GHRM practices and GEB. The results provided theoretical contributions in the form of AMO theory.
Climate change and religion: from ethics to sustainability action
Authors: Luhur Prianto Andi , Nurmandi Achmad , Qodir Zuly , Jubba Hasse
Published: June 2021

This library research aims to: 1) explore the ethical aspects of the environment in climate change events, 2) map the moral values and philosophy of religion in climate change actions, 3) integrate the ethical, moral and philosophical aspects of religion by presenting new knowledge in sustainability actions. In this study, there are three concepts of environmental ethics, namely, the anthropocentric view, ecocentrism view, and religious, moral view. The anthropocentric view makes humans own and control natural resources exploitatively. The ecocentrism view places humans and the universe connected in a web of life. Moral religion sees problems born from human consciousness caused by sin and holiness. The way to solve the problems is to follow the “middle way,” which advocates simplicity in consumption and the fulfillment of basic human needs. This approach builds a new order by combining the application of technology, law, and global ethics from an anthropocentric perspective—the ecocentrism view with everything having an intrinsic value. For example, the practice of intelligence and meditation uses religious, moral values for sustainable actions. Such as with the experience of various Islamic religion-based organizations in Indonesia.
A new delegation design for EU governance: how preference cohesiveness of multiple principals shapes the European Commission’s discretion in trade negotiations
Authors: Heldt Eugenia C.
Published: June 2021

The Lisbon Treaty enhanced the role of the European Parliament in free trade agreements. This article offers a comprehensive theoretical and empirical account of this new delegation design in EU trade governance. Specifically, it addresses the question how the preference cohesiveness of multiple principals—the Council of Ministers as a de jure principal and the Parliament as a de facto principal—shapes the Commission’s discretion in negotiating trade agreements. Exploring these two conjectures through a combination of primary materials and interviews, this contribution posits that those configurations of low degree of cohesiveness within the Council and high cohesiveness within the Parliament or high cohesiveness of the Council and low cohesiveness within the Parliament increase Commission discretion. A configuration of low cohesiveness within and between multiple principals, by contrast, is more likely to lead to paralysis of the negotiation process.
Elastic response of wire frame glasses. II. Three-dimensional systems
Authors: King David A. , Doi Masao , Eiser Erika
Published: June 2021

We study the elastic response of rigid wire frame particles in concentrated glassy suspensions to a step strain by applying the simple geometric methods developed in Paper I. The wire frame particles are comprised of thin rigid rods of length L, and their number density, ρ, is such that ρL3 ≫ 1. We specifically compare rigid rods to L-shapes made of two equal length rods joined at right angles. The behavior of wire frames is found to be strikingly different from that of rods. The linear elasticity scales like ρ3L6 for L-shaped particles, whereas it scales proportional to ρ for rods and the non-linear response shows a transition from shear hardening to shear softening at a critical density ρc∼K/kBTL6, where K is the bending modulus of the particles. For realistic particles made of double stranded DNA, this transition occurs at densities of about ρL3 ∼ 10. The reason for these differences is that wire frames can be forced to bend by the entanglements with their surroundings, whereas rods always remain straight. This is found to be very important even for small strains, with most particles being bent above a critical strain γc∼ρL3−1.
Design and performance of a molten fluoride salt-compatible optical thermophysical property measurement system
Authors: Robertson Sean G. , Short Michael P.
Published: June 2021

Accurate knowledge of molten salt thermophysical properties is crucial to optimize the efficiency, safety, and reliability of molten salt based energy applications. For molten fluorides, currently of high interest for fission and fusion reactors, data regarding these properties are either poor or non-existent. Thermal diffusivity and sound speed in particular play important roles in the modeling of a reactor’s steady state, transient, and accident scenarios. Fluoride salt-compatible property measurement systems have thus far been the bottleneck in accurately obtaining these properties. We present the design of an optical system optimized for molten fluoride salt thermophysical property measurement, along with characterization of its thermal performance. Demonstration of system capabilities is achieved through acquisition of sound speed and thermal diffusivity in lithium chloride (LiCl), showing excellent agreement with literature data.
Navier–Stokes equations with rovibrational state-resolved transport flux closure
Authors: Subramaniam Sharanya , Stephani Kelly A.
Published: June 2021

In the time since the Navier–Stokes equations were introduced more than two centuries ago, their application to problems involving real gas effects has relied on appropriate closure for the mass, momentum, and energy transport fluxes via the constitutive laws. Determination of the corresponding transport coefficients, most readily obtained through generalized Chapman–Enskog theory, requires knowledge of the intermolecular potentials for rotationally and vibrationally excited molecules. Recent advances in computational chemistry provide extraordinary detail of interactions involving rovibrationally excited molecules, offering a means for transport flux closure with unprecedented accuracy. Here, the bracket integrals for rovibrationally resolved molecular states are developed, and the resulting transport flux closure is presented for the rovibrationally resolved Navier–Stokes equations. The accompanying continuum breakdown parameters are also derived as a rigorous metric to establish the range of applicability of the aforementioned equations in flow conditions approaching the rarefied regime.
Investigating the potential of east/west vertical bifacial photovoltaic farm for agrivoltaic systems
Authors: Imran Hassan , Riaz Muhammad Hussnain
Published: June 2021

The sustainable supply of food, energy, and water resources under the additional pressures caused by climate change is a global grand challenge. In Pakistan and many other developing countries, population growth and escalating demands for clean energy, food, and water also impose mounting pressure on agricultural land, necessitating the rapid development of innovative, holistic, and climate-compatible solutions. Here, we use a self-consistent electrical–optical–thermal model to explore the potential of east/west (E/W) vertical bifacial photovoltaic (PV) farms for state-of-the-art agrivoltaic (AV) systems—an innovative production system that enables solar energy generation over crops—an approach that can solve key obstacles in solar energy growth for Pakistan and the world whilst ensuring food–water–climate security. We compare the performance of E/W vertical bifacial PV farms with north/south (N/S) tilted bifacial PV farms for PV energy production and ground irradiance available for crops. We show that optimally designed E/W vertical bifacial PV farms provide spatial homogeneity for crop light. We further explore the effect of soiling on PV energy yield and show that due to their inherent resilience to soiling losses, E/W vertical PV farms could reduce the water budget and could be the potential candidates to be mounted in AV systems particularly in the regions having scarce water supply.
A constitutive equation for Rouse model modified for variations of spring stiffness, bead friction, and Brownian force intensity under flow
Authors: Sato Takeshi , Kwon Youngdon , Matsumiya Yumi , Watanabe Hiroshi
Published: June 2021

We derived a constitutive equation for the Rouse model (the most frequently utilized bead-spring model) with its spring constant κ, bead friction coefficient ζ, and the (squared) Brownian force intensity B being allowed to change under flow. Specifically, we modified the Langevin equation of the original Rouse model by introducing time (t)-dependent κ, ζ, and B (of arbitrary t dependence), which corresponded to the decoupling and preaveraging approximations often made in bead-spring models. From this modified Langevin equation, we calculated time evolution of second-moment averages of the Rouse eigenmode amplitudes and further converted this evolution into a constitutive equation. It turned out that the equation has a functional form, σ(t)=∫−∞tdt′{κ(t)/κ(t′)}M(t,t′)C−1(t,t′), where σ(t) and C−1(t,t′) are the stress and Finger strain tensors, and M(t,t′) is the memory function depending on κ(t′), ζ(t′), and B(t′) defined under flow. This equation, serving as a basis for analysis of nonlinear rheological behavior of unentangled melts, reproduces previous theoretical results under specific conditions, the Lodge–Wu constitutive equation for the case of t-independent κ, ζ, and B [A. S. Lodge and Y. Wu, “Constitutive equations for polymer solutions derived from the bead/spring model of Rouse and Zimm,” Rheol. Acta 10, 539 (1971)], the finite extensible nonlinear elastic (FENE)-Peterlin mean-Rouse formulation for the case of t-dependent changes of the only κ reported by Wedgewood and co-workers [L. E. Wedgewood et al., “A finitely extensible bead-spring chain model for dilute polymer solutions,” J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 40, 119 (1991)], and analytical expression of steady state properties for arbitrary κ(t), ζ(t), and B(t) reported by ourselves [H. Watanabe et al., “Revisiting nonlinear flow behavior of Rouse chain: Roles of FENE, friction reduction, and Brownian force intensity variation,” Macromolecules 54, 3700 (2021)]. It is to be added that a constitutive equation reported by Narimissa and Wagner [E. Narimissa and M. H. Wagner, “Modeling nonlinear rheology of unentangled polymer melts based on a single integral constitutive equation,” J. Rheol. 64, 129 (2020)] has a significantly different functional form and cannot be derived from the Rouse model with any simple modification of the Rouse–Langevin equation.
The effect of the duration of treatment with antioxidants on age-related hearing loss
Authors: Mohammadkhani Ghassem , Tavanai Elham
Published: June 2021

Background and aims

The effect of antioxidants depends on several factors, including the type, dose, timing, and treatment duration. Several studies have demonstrated that antioxidants can prevent age-related hearing loss (ARHL), however, a few studies have focussed on the role of factors influencing the effects of antioxidant therapy. This study aimed to investigate the effect of duration of treatment on ARHL using an herbal antioxidant, silymarin, in a D-galactose-induced ageing rat model.

Method

40 three-months-old Wistar rats were divided into four groups: a short-term silymarin-treated group that received 500 mg/kg/day D-galactose (8 consecutive weeks) +200 mg/kg/day silymarin (4 consecutive weeks), long-term silymarin-treated group received 500 mg/kg/day D-galactose (8 consecutive weeks)+ 200 mg/kg/day silymarin (8 consecutive weeks), placebo group received 500 mg/kg/day D-galactose + placebo (propylene glycol; 8 consecutive weeks), and control group received normal saline (8 consecutive weeks). Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) was measured at 4, 8, 12, and 16 kHz frequencies before and after the intervention.

Results

No significant differences were found in ABR absolute and inter-peak latencies between groups. In contrast, there was a significant difference in ABR threshold shift between the placebo and the long-term silymarin-treated groups at 4 and 16 kHz frequencies (p ≤ .05), but without a similar difference through comparison with the short-term silymarin-treated group (p > .05). Additionally, a significant decrease in ABR amplitude of PI and PII was observed in the placebo group at 4 kHz frequency compared to the long-term silymarin-treated group (p ≤ .05), but not to the short-term silymarin-treated group (p > .05).

Conclusion

The present study results indicate that the duration of treatment with antioxidants influences the successful prevention and treatment of ARHL. Consequently, this factor must be considered in the antioxidant therapy of ARHL. However, further studies are required to fully evaluate the effects of optimal treatment duration with antioxidants on ARHL along with the other influencing factors.
An explorative analysis of Azerbaijan’s Covid-19 policy response and public opinion
Authors: Aliyev Khatai
Published: June 2021

In responding to the Covid-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, some policy responses to suppress and mitigate the disease’s socio-economic effects have been more effective than others. Despite resource wealth Azerbaijan has a problem with public trust in institutions, which is revealed in the responses to Covid-19, especially its economic impacts. This research employs a mixed-method approach to explore Azerbaijan’s Covid-19 policy response and its socio-economic effects. An explorative analysis reveals the country’s poor level of preparedness before the pandemic and ambiguous public opinion on the government’s anti-pandemic policies. A substantial part of the population reports low self-perceived satisfaction with life, their financial situation and social environment, and significant concerns about the strict quarantine regime’s long duration and high probability of being unemployed. In addition, people’s satisfaction with life, financial situation, and social environment are statistically significant correlates of public opinion on Azerbaijan’s Covid-19 policy response. Therefore, the government should reconsider its current Covid-19 policy responses for future crisis management policies. Long-term disruption of economic life could have high socio-economic costs and repercussions for well-being, create institutional distrust and bring further instabilities. Enhancing public trust in the state should be a top priority in the government agenda.
Angular Momentum Josephson Effect between Two Isolated Condensates
Authors: Zhuang Wei-Feng , Huang Yue-Xin , Gong Ming
Published: June 2021

We demonstrate that the two degenerate energy levels in spin–orbit coupled trapped Bose gases, coupled by a quenched Zeeman field, can be used for angular momentum Josephson effect. In a static quenched field, we can realize a Josephson oscillation with a period ranging from millisecond to hundreds of milliseconds. Moreover, by a driven Zeeman field, we realize a new Josephson oscillation, in which the population imbalance may have the same expression as the current in the direct-current Josephson effect. When the dynamics of the condensate cannot follow up the modulation frequency, it is in the self-trapping regime. This new dynamic is understood from the time-dependent evolution of the constant-energy trajectory in the phase space. This model has several salient advantages compared to the previous ones. The condensates are isolated from their excitations by a finite gap, thus can greatly suppress the damping effect induced by thermal atoms and Bogoliubov excitations. The oscillation period can be tuned by several orders of magnitude without influencing other parameters. In experiments, the dynamics can be mapped out from spin and momentum spaces, thus it is not limited by the spatial resolution in absorption imaging. This system can serve as a promising platform for matter wave interferometry and quantum metrology.
Coherent Control of High Harmonic Generation Driven by Metal Nanotip Photoemission
Authors: Zhang Hongdan , Liu Xiwang , Jin Facheng , Zhu Ming , Yang Shidong , Dong Wenhui , Song Xiaohong , Yang Weifeng
Published: June 2021

Steering ultrafast electron dynamics with well-controlled laser fields is very important for generation of intense supercontinuum radiation. It can be achieved through coherent control of the symmetry of the interaction between strong-field laser fields and a metal nanotip. We employ a scheme of two-color laser pulses combined with a weak static field to realize the control of a single quantum path to generate high harmonic generation from a single solid-state nanoemitter. Moreover, a smooth and ultrabroad supercontinuum in the extreme ultraviolet region is obtained, which can produce a single attosecond pulse. Our findings are beneficial for efficient generation of isolated sub-100 as XUV pulses from solid-state sources.
Bayesian Optimization for Wavefront Sensing and Error Correction
Authors: Qian Zhong-Hua , Ding Zi-Han , Ai Ming-Zhong , Zheng Yong-Xiang , Cui Jin-Ming , Huang Yun-Feng , Li Chuan-Feng , Guo Guang-Can
Published: June 2021

Algorithms for wavefront sensing and error correction from intensity attract great concern in many fields. Here we propose Bayesian optimization to retrieve phase and demonstrate its performance in simulation and experiment. For small aberration, this method demonstrates a convergence process with high accuracy of phase sensing, which is also verified experimentally. For large aberration, Bayesian optimization is shown to be insensitive to the initial phase while maintaining high accuracy. The approach’s merits of high accuracy and robustness make it promising in being applied in optical systems with static aberration such as AMO experiments, optical testing shops, and electron or optical microscopes.
Symmetry-Dependent Kinetics of Dislocation Reaction
Authors: Chen Hong Yu , Wang Lei , Zhang Tian Hui
Published: June 2021

Reactions between dislocations are investigated in two-dimensional colloidal crystals. It is found that, because of the conservation of total Burgers vectors, the kinetics of the reaction is dependent on the the symmetry of the crystal lattice. Merging is possible only when the total Burgers vector of the reacting dislocations is in line with existing crystal lines. In non-merging reactions, the number of dislocations cannot be reduced but the interacting dislocations can exchange their Burgers vectors and migrate to different gliding lines. The changing of gliding lines promises additional annihilation in multi-dislocation reactions. The bonding of non-merging dislocations determines the configuration and the orientation of the grain boundaries. The findings in this study may shed new light on understanding of dislocations and have potential applications in fabrication of crystalline materials.
Current-induced H-shaped-skyrmion creation and their dynamics in the helical phase
Authors: Knapman R , Rodrigues D R , Masell J , Everschor-Sitte K
Published: June 2021

Inevitable for the basic principles of skyrmion racetrack-like applications is not only their confined motion along one-dimensional channels but also their controlled creation and annihilation. Helical magnets have been suggested to naturally confine the motion of skyrmions along the tracks formed by the helices, which also allow for high-speed skyrmion motion. We propose a protocol to create topological magnetic structures in a helical background. We furthermore analyse the stability and current-driven motion of the skyrmions in a helical background with in-plane uniaxial anisotropy fixing the orientation of the helices.
Edge-illumination x-ray phase-contrast imaging
Authors: Olivo Alessandro
Published: June 2021

Although early demonstration dates back to the mid-sixties, x-ray phase-contrast imaging (XPCI) became hugely popular in the mid-90s, thanks to the advent of 3rd generation synchrotron facilities. Its ability to reveal object features that had so far been considered invisible to x-rays immediately suggested great potential for applications across the life and the physical sciences, and an increasing number of groups worldwide started experimenting with it. At that time, it looked like a synchrotron facility was strictly necessary to perform XPCI with some degree of efficiency—the only alternative being micro-focal sources, the limited flux of which imposed excessively long exposure times. However, new approaches emerged in the mid-00s that overcame this limitation, and allowed XPCI implementations with conventional, non-micro-focal x-ray sources. One of these approaches showing particular promise for ‘real-world’ applications is edge-illumination XPCI: this article describes the key steps in its evolution in the context of contemporary developments in XPCI research, and presents its current state-of-the-art, especially in terms of transition towards practical applications.
Electronic structure and optical properties of Na2KSb and NaK2Sb from first-principles many-body theory
Authors: Amador Raymond , Saßnick Holger-Dietrich , Cocchi Caterina
Published: June 2021

In the search for novel materials for vacuum electron sources, multi-alkali antimonides and in particular sodium-potassium-antimonides have been recently regarded as especially promising due to their favorable electronic and optical properties. In the framework of density-functional theory and many-body perturbation theory, we investigate the electronic structure and the dielectric response of two representative members of this family, namely Na2KSb and NaK2Sb. We find that both materials have a direct gap, which is on the order of 1.5 eV in Na2KSb and 1.0 eV in NaK2Sb. In either system, valence and conduction bands are dominated by Sb states with p- and s-character, respectively. The imaginary part of the dielectric function, computed upon explicit inclusion of electron–hole interactions to characterize the optical response of the materials, exhibits maxima starting from the near-infrared region, extending up to the visible and the ultraviolet band. With our analysis, we clarify that the lowest-energy excitations are non-excitonic in nature and that their binding energy is on the order of 100 meV. Our results confirm the potential of Na2KSb and NaK2Sb as photoemissive materials for vacuum electron sources, photomultipliers, and imaging devices.
Estimating the most probable transition time for stochastic dynamical systems
Authors: Huang Yuanfei , Chao Ying , Wei Wei , Duan Jinqiao
Published: June 2021

This work is devoted to the investigation of the most probable transition time between metastable states for stochastic dynamical systems with non-vanishing Brownian noise. Instead of minimizing the Onsager–Machlup action functional, we examine the maximum probability that the solution process of the system stays in a neighbourhood (or a tube) of a transition path, in order to characterize the most probable transition path. We first establish the exponential decay lower bound and a power law decay upper bound for the maximum of this probability. Based on these estimates, we further derive the lower and upper bounds for the most probable transition time, under suitable conditions. Finally, we illustrate our results in simple stochastic dynamical systems, and highlight the relation with some relevant works.
Distribution of periodic points of certain Gauss shifts with infinite invariant measure
Authors: Boca Florin P , Siskaki Maria
Published: June 2021

This paper investigates the periodic points of the Gauss type shifts associated to the even continued fraction (Schweiger) and to the backward continued fraction (Rényi). We show that they coincide exactly with two sets of quadratic irrationals that we call E-reduced, and respectively B-reduced. We prove that these numbers are equidistributed with respect to the (infinite) Lebesgue absolutely continuous invariant measures of the corresponding Gauss shift.
Bicycle paths, elasticae and sub-Riemannian geometry
Authors: Ardentov Andrei , Bor Gil , Le Donne Enrico , Montgomery Richard , Sachkov Yuri
Published: June 2021

We relate the sub-Riemannian geometry on the group of rigid motions of the plane to ‘bicycling mathematics’. We show that this geometry’s geodesics correspond to bike paths whose front tracks are either non-inflectional Euler elasticae or straight lines, and that its infinite minimizing geodesics (or ‘metric lines’) correspond to bike paths whose front tracks are either straight lines or ‘Euler’s solitons’ (also known as syntractrix or convicts’ curves).
Three-dimensional shear driven turbulence with noise at the boundary
Authors: Fan Wai-Tong Louis , Jolly Michael , Pakzad Ali
Published: June 2021

We consider the incompressible 3D Navier–Stokes equations subject to a shear induced by noisy movement of part of the boundary. The effect of the noise is quantified by upper bounds on the first two moments of the dissipation rate. The expected value estimate is consistent with the Kolmogorov dissipation law, recovering an upper bound as in (Doering and Constantin 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett.
69 1648) for the deterministic case. The movement of the boundary is given by an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process; a potential for over-dissipation is noted if the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process were replaced by the Wiener process.
Infinite DLR measures and volume-type phase transitions on countable Markov shifts
Authors: Beltrán Elmer R , Bissacot Rodrigo , Endo Eric O
Published: June 2021

We consider the natural definition of DLR measure in the setting of σ-finite measures on countable Markov shifts. We prove that the set of DLR measures contains the set of conformal measures associated with Walters potentials. In the BIP case, or when the potential normalizes the Ruelle’s operator, we prove that the notions of DLR and conformal coincide. On the standard renewal shift, we study the problem of describing the cases when the set of the eigenmeasures jumps from finite to infinite measures when we consider high and low temperatures, respectively. For this particular shift, we prove that there always exist finite DLR measures, and we have an expression to the critical temperature for this volume-type phase transition, which occurs only for potentials with the infinite first variation.
The time-averaged spin-Hall conductivity in two-dimensional spin–orbit coupled systems: the role of spin dynamics
Authors: Chen Tsung-Wei , Hsu Hsiu-Chuan
Published: June 2021

We investigate the spin-Hall conductivity (SHC) in the two-dimensional spin–orbit coupled systems by taking spin precession into account. The influence of spin precession on the spin-Hall current in the presence of disorder is investigated. Perturbation method leads to the result that the spin dynamics is composed of Larmor (periodic) and non-Larmor (non-periodic) precession. The non-Larmor component of spin is found to be the same result obtained from the Kubo formula in the short time limit. The Larmor component of spin, i.e., spin precession in the unperturbed system, was neglected in the previous studies, but it plays an important role in the linear response theory. The Larmor precession of spin should be zero after time average over several complete periods because there is no specific orientation perpendicular to the plane. By using the requirement of vanishing time-averaged Larmor precession of spin, we calculate the time-averaged non-Larmor SHC for k-cubic Rashba system by using the conventional definition of the spin current. Our result is 2.1(q/8π) which is very close to the experimental value 2.2(q/8π) by Wunderlich et al [2005 Phys. Rev. Lett.
94, 047204], where −q is the electric charge.