bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green Pump Development Based on the Analysis of Unsteady Flow
Authors: Shao Chun Lei , Gu Bo Qin , Chen Ye
Published: March 2009

Centrifugal pump is a kind of important industrial installation for fluid delivery. The
research on the unsteady flow in centrifugal pump is very meaningful to reducing vibration. Particle
image velocimetry (PIV) system and test pump designed for PIV measurement were introduced. The
experimental scheme and the methods of numerical simulation were discussed. PIV technique was
used to measure the unsteady velocity field near the volute tongue under the mode of external
synchronization. The unsteady pressure field was simulated by using Sliding Mesh (SM) model
provided by Fluent. The results show that the velocity and pressure fluctuate periodically with the
rotation of impeller. Partial fluid flows back to the impeller passage and the velocity in the inlet of
diffusion tube decreases significantly due to shunt effect of the volute tongue. On the section VIII, the
magnitude and fluctuation range of velocity show a decreasing trend in radial direction. The
fluctuation of circumferential velocity is related to the position of high-speed flow in impeller
passage, and the fluctuation of radial velocity is influenced by blade interference and Coriolis force.
The static pressure increases and the dynamic pressure decreases in the radial direction of volute. The
velocity and the pressure on the section VIII and the outlet total pressure fluctuate intensively when
the blade tail end passes the section VIII and the volute tongue. The vibration of pump can be reduced
by increasing the volute tongue mounting angle and decreasing the blade outlet mounting angle
properly.
Development of a New Flux for Aluminium Gas Welding
Authors: Achebo Joseph I. , Ibhadode A.O. Akii
Published: March 2009

A new flux based on NaCl – CaCl2 – CaF2 – Na3AlF6 was developed for the gas
welding of aluminium and its alloys. The flux was generated by the application of the Hadamard
multivariate chemical composition model. The model uses a 8 x 8 matrix and a full factorial
analysis to generate several compositions within given ranges of the constituent flux elements.
Mechanical and field tests were carried out on weldments made with the flux. The tensile strength,
Izod impact strength and hardness of the all – weld metal were 310MPa, 5.35J and 100BHN. The
weld deposition efficiency was 90.3%.The new flux and two popular commercial fluxes were given
to five expert aluminium welders to use for three months, and were requested to rate the
performances. The results showed that there was an agreement between the responses of the
welders that the new flux performed better than the commercial versions available in Nigeria.
Harmonious Design Method for Product Development
Authors: Li Xiao Peng , Ren Zhao Hui , Sun Wei , Li C.F. , Wen Bang Chun
Published: March 2009

With the development of science and technology, harmonious design will be one of the
latest trends in modern mechanical products development. Based on the harmonious design method,
the well synthesized quality products will be invented. It will have little negative influence on society
and the natural environment, and the high utilization rate of resources and the most comprehensive
benefits in the full lifecycle from planning, designing, manufacturing, packaging, and discarded. The
harmonious state can be obtained between products with political, economic, cultural, legal,
scientific, natural and social environments. The harmonious design is investigated from the harmony
of design methods; the harmony of product function with performance; and the harmony of product
with product, with human, with technology, with society environment and with natural environment.
And the evaluation of harmonious degree and management system are studied in this work, too. Based
on system engineering and economic, cultural, legal, scientific, natural and social environment
factors, the formula of the complete system of products design is established. Therefore, the new
vitality and higher market competitiveness of product can be achieved. Not only the design is for
human but also for nature, for the harmony of human and nature.
Thermal Stability of CoTi-Substituted Manganese-Zinc Ferrites
Authors: Ji Hai Ning , Lan Zhong Wen , Yu Zhong , Li L.Z. , Xu Z.Y. , Wu S.J.
Published: March 2009

In this paper, several new main compositions are presented with Mn2+ substituted by Ti4+
and Co2+ in Manganese-zinc ferrites in consideration of the strong influence of Ti4+ and Co2+ on
thermal stability by different mechanisms. Moreover, the effects of these substitutions on such
parameters as permeability, electrical resistivity, density, and power loss are analyzed. The
experimental results show that the proper substitution of Ti4+ or Co2+ in manganese-zinc ferrites can
increase the thermal stability remarkably. Furthermore, the effects of composition of Ti4+ and
Co2+substitutions have interactive process, especially when Manganese-zinc ferrites with high
thermal stability in 20°C~140°C are achieved when the substitution of Ti4+ is 0.10mol%and Co2+ is
0.05mol%.
Reliability-Based Optimization Robust Design of Electronic System
Authors: Zhang T.X.
Published: March 2009

The theory of reliability sensitivity analysis and reliability-based optimization robust
design are extended to discuss the reliability design of electronic system. Firstly, a method of
measuring the relative importance (sensitivity analysis) of each element of system is studied. And
then, after establishing the mathematic model for reliability optimization, a procedure for robust
design is examined. Finally, a numeric example is presended to illustrate the procedure of sensitivity
analysis and robust design. After optimization, the mean life of system has increased than before, and
the cost has been greatly reduced; on the other hand, the sensitivity of system reliability to the mean
life of components also has decreased. The result shows that the proposed methodology is useful for
system design and quality improvement.
A Method for the Calculation of the Mean Time To Failure (MTTF) of Repairable System
Authors: Zhu Jian Xin , Wang Li J. , Bao Shi Yi , Wang W.P. , Gao Zeng Liang
Published: March 2009

The ability of executing assigned function of repairable system under certain condition is
quite different from that of single unit due to redundant configuration. It is well understood that
proper management strategy can greatly prolong the mean time to failure (MTTF) of repairable
system. By introducing operating cycle or partial test interval, repair time and maintenance
efficiency, the MTTF of classic 1oo1, 1oo2 and 2oo3 redundant systems is studied in this paper. It
is found that periodical maintenance can dramatically improve the availability of repairable system,
while the efficiency of maintenance has great influence on the MTTF of repairable system.
A Reliability-Based Approach to Assess Fatigue Behaviour Based on Small Incomplete Data Sets
Authors: Luo Chu Yang , Xiong Jun Jiang , Shenoi R.A.
Published: March 2009

This paper outlines a new technique to address the paucity of data in determining fatigue
life and performance based on reliability concepts. Two new randomized models are presented for
estimating the safe life and pS-N curve, by using the standard procedure for statistical analysis and
dealing with small sample numbers of incomplete data. The confidence level formulations for the safe
and p-S-N curve are also given. The concepts are then applied for the determination of the safe life
and p-S-N curve. Two sets of fatigue tests for the safe life and p-S-N curve are conducted to validate
the presented method, demonstrating the practical use of the proposed technique.
A Method of Fuzzy Probability under Small Sample
Authors: An Hai , An Wei Guang , Zhao Y.L. , Song Zheng Ji
Published: March 2009

Based on BAYES data processing theory, a new method of fuzzy probability is proposed
for the parameter reliability of small sample. Prior distribution of fuzzy parameter is obtained by
stochastic weighted method, then posterior distribution of fuzzy parameter is got by the method of
conjugate distribution. In the end, the formula of fuzzy membership function is constructed, and
probability of fuzzy events is solved.The study of this paper aims at the membership function which is
deduced in the condition that mean is known and deviation is unknown in normal population
distribution. At the same time using information of small sample of actual experiment, the study fully
utilizes prior information, so, it is convincing to evaluate reliability of fuzzy parameter. It is obviously
economical.
Disk Brake Element Chatter Analysis and Strength Evaluation for Railway Vehicle System
Authors: Gao Hao , Dai H.Y.
Published: March 2009

Friction brake is still an absolutely necessary way of brake in high speed vehicle today.
Complex nonlinear vibration phenomena appear in friction brake system because of dry friction
between friction pairs. The resulted brake squeal and brake chatter may cause strength failure and
fatigue damage of the disk brake element. Therefore, it is necessary to consider chatter in strength
calculation and structure life prediction of disk brake element. In this paper, the finite element model
of disk brake element is built. Vibration displacements and dynamic stresses are calculated for chatter
character analysis and strength evaluation.
Plasma Non-Transferred Arc Cladding of Alumina Powder on Mild Steel-Parameters Optimization Using Taguchi Method
Authors: Bushroa A.R. , Ying C.C.
Published: March 2009

This research described the optimization of the process parameters for clad coating of
alumina (Al2O3) powder on AISI 1018 mild steel utilizing plasma non-transferred arc cladding
process using Taguchi method and Pareto ANOVA analysis. Four factors were selected which were
plasma arc current, plasma torch velocity, distance between nozzle and layer and ratio of alumina
powder to binder. The analysis of the results showed that the optimal combination for high
microhardness were distance between nozzle and layer at 3 mm and plasma torch velocity at 0.03
mm.
Composites of Pet and PBT/PP with Bentonite
Authors: Perera R. , Rosales C. , Araque M.A. , Coelho M.A.
Published: March 2009

The need for solid-waste management has pushed the development of alternative systems for
recycling and revalue used plastic containers. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is being widely
used as raw material for beverage bottles. However, as has been widely reported, PET undergoes
degradation and hydrolysis when reprocessed. On the other hand, poly(butylene terephthalate)
(PBT) is another thermoplastic polyester with easy processability but high brittleness and cost.
Hence, it has been blended with other polymers such as polypropylene to overcome its
disadvantages. In this work, bentonite was incorporated into recycled PET and PBT/polypropylene
blends by extrusion. Rheological and tensile properties and processability of the composites thus
prepared were studied. Results showed a strong newtonean character of extrudates of recycled PET
and higher viscosities and a more pseudoplastic behavior and improved reprocessability when
bentonite was added to PET. Furthermore, inclusion of the filler increased its initial degradation
temperature, as observed during rheological testing. All composites displayed a brittle behavior.
However, the tensile properties of PET composites were not strongly deteriorated. There was a
slight increase in the Young’s modulus values and in the tensile strength, with unnoticeable effects
on the elongation at break. The Young’s modulus values of PBT/PP composites were not
significantly affected.
Analytical Solutions for Crack-Tip Higher Order Stress Fields in Thermal Barrier Coating
Authors: Dai Yao , Sun Chang Qing , Qi Sun , Tan Wei
Published: March 2009

Analytical expressions for crack-tip higher order stress functions for a plane crack in a
special functionally graded material (FGM), which has an variation of elastic modulus in 1 2 power
form along the gradient direction, are obtained through an asymptotic analysis. The Poisson’s ratio of
the FGM is assumed to be constant in the analysis. The higher order fields in the asymptotic
expansion display the influence of non-homogeneity on the structure of crack-tip fields obviously.
Furthermore, it can be seen from expressions of higher order stress fields that at least three terms must
be considered in the case of FGMs in order to explicitly account for non-homogeneity effects on the
crack- tip stress fields. These results provide the basis for fracture analysis and engineering
applications of this FGM.
The Discontinuous Higher Order Fields for Anti-Plane Crack at Interface
Authors: Dai Yao , Li Shi Min , Tan Wei
Published: March 2009

The high order discontinuous asymptotic fields similar to the Williams’ solutions to
crack problems in homogeneous materials are obtained by asymptotic analysis for an anti-plane
problem in non-homogeneous materials and the crack at the physical weak-discontinuous interface.
These results provide a theoretical basis for engineering application of weak-discontinuity fracture.
Flame Stabilization and Emissions of a Natural Gas/Air Ceramic Porous Burner
Authors: Djordjevic Neda , Habisreuther Peter , Zarzalis Nikolaos
Published: March 2009

Increasingly stringent regulations for limiting pollutant emissions for both aircraft and
industrial gas turbines enforce further reduction of NOx emissions while maintaining flame
stability. Application of premixed flames offers the possibility to reduce these emissions, but
nevertheless it is strongly connected with flame instability risks. A possible solution to ensure the
stability of premixed flames is to provide enhanced heat recirculation employing porous inert
material. Experimental determination of flame stability and emissions of a porous burner containing
a reticulate ceramic sponge structure are reported and the influence of the structural properties of
the porous matrix on stable operating range was investigated. It was found, that the flame stability
limit was significantly higher compared with free flame burners and nitric oxide (NOx) emissions
were below 10 ppm for all cases.
Toxicology Studies of a Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle In Vivo
Authors: Liu Shi Yuan , Han Yu , Yin Long Ping , Long Ling , Liu Rui
Published: March 2009

Objectives: This report presents toxicological profile available on a superparamagnetic
iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticle in vivo.
Fabrication of Organic Silk Fibroin/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Composite Cryogels by Freeze-Drying Method
Authors: Kwon Soon Min , Kim Hun Sik , Jin Hyoung Joon
Published: March 2009

The multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) incorporated organic silk fibroin cryogels
were fabricated through sol-gel process of aqueous silk fibroin solution, followed by freeze-drying.
The MWCNT incorporated silk fibroin hydrogel was prepared by the regeneration of silk fibroin
using an aqueous silk fibroin solution in which MWCNTs were dispersed by in-situ methods. The
morphology and microstructure of the silk fibroin network structure were characterized using field
emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The
FESEM and TEM images show that the cryogels had three-dimensional network structures and the
MWCNTs were well embedded in the network structures of regenerated silk fibroin. The porous
properties of the MWCNT incorporated silk fibroin cryogels were investigated by nitrogen
adsorption-desorption technique. The MWCNTs increased the proportions of micropores and
mesopores in the silk fibroin cryogels when they were introduced in the appropriate amounts.
Nanosize Copper Dispersed Ionic Liquids as an Electrolyte of New Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Fu Lin , Sun I Wen , Wang H. Paul , Huang C.H.
Published: March 2009

To enhance the electrical conductivity of the electrolyte in a newly-developed
dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), the Cu@C (metallic copper core in the carbon shell) nanoparticles
dispersed in a room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) (e.g., [bmin][BF6]) has been studied in the
present work. By the pulsed-field gradient spin-echo NMR method, the self-diffusion coefficients
of cations and anions in the RTIL have been determined. The self-diffusion coefficient of cations
is increased by 40% at 300 K. It is also found that the electrical conductivity of the Cu@C
dispersed (0.08%) RTIL is increased by 30% (1.96→2.38 ms/cm). It seems that that the nanosize
Cu@C dispersed RTIL is a very effective electrolyte especially used in the DSSCs.
Periodic and Chaotic Motions of a Simply Supported FGM Plate with Two Degrees-of-Freedom
Authors: Hao Yu Xin , Zhang Wei , Yang Jie , Chen Li Hua
Published: March 2009

In this paper, we use the asymptotic perturbation method to investigate the nonlinear
oscillation and chaotic dynamic behavior of a simply supported rectangular plate made of
functionally graded materials (FGMs). We assume that the plate is made from a mixture of ceramics
and metals with continuously varying compositional profile such that the top surface of the plate is
ceramic rich, whereas the bottom surface is metal rich. The equations motion of the FGM plate with
two-degree-of-freedom under combined parametrical and external excitations are obtained by using
Galerkin’s method. Based on the averaged equation obtained by the asymptotic perturbation method,
the phase portrait and waveform are used to analyze the periodic and chaotic motions. It is found that
the FGM plate exhibits chaotic motions under certain circumstances.
Fourier Transform Infrared Study on Sol-Gel Derived Manganese-Doped Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Natasha A.N. , Sopyan Iis , Zuraida A.
Published: March 2009

Manganese is one of metallic elements which appear in biological apatite like bone and
teeth. Its important effect on the growth and development of bone has been well known. Here, we
have synthesized manganese-doped hydroxyapatite (HA) via sol-gel method. White ammoniacal
solution of monomers were refluxed until white gel formed, followed by drying and calcination at
500 – 900°C. Four different concentration of manganese (2, 5, 10 and 15 mol%) were successfully
incorporated into HA crystals. XRD analysis showed that the crystallinity increased with the
increased amount of manganese. SEM measurement also showed that individual particles become
bigger with the increasing content of Mn. Tricalcium phosphate appeared as an additional phase
when calcined at 800°C. It was also proven that the incorporation of manganese reduced the peak
intensity of tricalcium phosphate. FTIR analysis is in good agreement with the results from XRD
measurement where the peaks of OH (630 cm-1) and PO4
3-
(565 cm-1, 601 cm-1, 960 cm-1, 1020 cm-1
and 1100 cm-1) bands of HA phase show higher intensity with the increasing concentration of
manganese. FTIR measurement also showed that the presence of HPO4
2- (880cm-1) decreased in
intensity with the increased Mn content, showing that the anion exist in less crystalline phase of
HA.
Mechanical Behavior of Non Sintered and Sintered Steel Wool
Authors: Masse Jean Philippe , Beyer K. , Bouvard Didier , Bouaziz Olivier , Bréchet Yves , Salvo Luc
Published: March 2009

Entangled materials are similar to cellular materials, with regard to their low density and
discrete architecture. In this work steel wool (sintered in a furnace for various time at two
temperatures) and non sintered steel wool are investigated. Experimental mechanical compression
tests were performed on both materials. Compression stress and Young’s modulus are extracted and
compared with the time and temperature of sintering, and initial density. The results are analyzed
using a classical Toll’s model. A special attention is paid to the value of the exponent which relates
stress and Young’s modulus to density. This exponent ranges from 3 to 5 for non sintered wool, and
is close to 3 for the stress law and 4 for the Young’s modulus law for sintered wool.
Noise Reduction by Using Composite Plate
Authors: Chau C.W. , Choy Y.S. , Lau Kin Tak , Liu Yang
Published: March 2009

The plate silencer1 which consists of an expansion chamber with two side branch cavities
covered by a light panel can achieve a desirable noise reduction in broadband theoretically. The
concept is similar to drum silencer2. To attain optimal noise reduction, either the membrane should
be of minimal weight while retaining very high tension or the panel should be kept with very high
bending stiffness that is dependent on its geometry and mechanical properties. To achieve such goal,
various kinds of composite system such as carbon fibers or aluminum were mounted on light core
foam. A design of the composite panel which can provide a reduction in panel weight as well as
enhance the bending stiffness, is introduced in this project. Predictions of the new model are to be
compared with the normal foam plate in the aspects of noise reflection capability and performance
of noise abatement apart from the material properties.
Characterisation and Novel Applications of Fibrillar Polymer Composites
Authors: Bhattacharyya Debes , Shields R.J. , Fakirov S.
Published: March 2009

Polymer-reinforced polymer composites have been successfully created from blends of
engineering and commodity plastics. These microfibril reinforced composites (MFCs) contain
molecularly oriented in-situ fibrils, evenly dispersed throughout a homogeneous matrix. MFCs have
several potential applications in a range of areas including food packaging materials and biomedical
scaffolds. This paper provides an overview of the characterisation of several MFCs derived from
polyethylene/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PE/PET) blends. It investigates the tensile properties of
MFCs with different microfibril orientations as a result of various consolidation techniques. It also
describes a study on the oxygen permeability of moulded MFC films and evidence of biological cell
growth on microfibrillar polymer structures.
Temperature Effects on Guided Wave Structural Damage Detection
Authors: Park Chan Yik , Jun Seung Moon
Published: March 2009

Guided wave structural damage detection is one of promising candidates for the future
aircraft structural health monitoring systems. There are several advantages of guided wave based
damage detection: well established theoretical studies, simple sensor devices, large sensing areas,
good sensitivity, etc. However, guided wave approaches are still vulnerable to false warnings of
detecting damage due to temperature changes of the structures. Therefore, one of main challenges is
to find an effective way of compensating temperature changes and to imply it to existing damage
detect algorithms. In this paper, a simple method for applying guided waves to the problem of
detecting damage in the presence of temperature changes is presented. In order to examine the
effectiveness of the presented method, delaminations due to low-velocity impact on composite plate
specimens are detected. The results show that the presented approach is simple but useful for
detecting structural damage under the temperature variations.
Surface Morphological Changes Accompanying Dissolution of Bioactive Glass: Effect of Residual Stress
Authors: Nychka John A. , Li Ding
Published: March 2009

We report our observations concerning the time evolution of surface morphology occurring during
the in vitro immersion of bioactive glass surfaces in contact with phosphate buffer solution. We
compare regions under intentionally produced residual stresses via micro-indentation to those where
no indentation was performed. The sign of the residual stress is shown to be important for
predicting dissolution behaviour; compression retards dissolution, whereas tension enhances
dissolution. We analyze our results with a simple model for the work of bond dissociation. We
report that a highly constrained residual compressive stress state, such as in an indent, leads to a
work deficit in comparison to tension, which accounts for the slower dissolution rate of compressed
bioactive glass. Such a mechanochemical effect suggests that the presence of residual stresses from
the manufacture of biomedical implants and devices could lead to accelerated or delayed dissolution
and that careful control of residual stresses should be sought for predictable performance in
dissolvable materials.
In Vitro Bioactivity of Potassium Titanate Whiskers
Authors: Li Yan Bao , Lin Qing , Chen Jun Sheng , Lan Xiang Hui , Lu Chun Hua , Li Dong Xu , Xu Zhong Zi
Published: March 2009

The bioactivity of potassium titanate whiskers (PTW) was evaluated by soaking in
simulated body fluids (SBF, Kokubo solution). At first, PTW was chemically treated by 1 M HCl and
1 M NaOH solutions at 60 oC for 48 h, respectively. Then PTW before and after treated were soaked
in SBF solution and cultured at 37 oC for different times. The apatite deposit on PTW was examined
by FTIR and SEM/EDX. The results showed that there was not apatite deposit on the raw PTW even
after soaked for 14 days while apatite appeared on the treated PTW after soaked for only 7 days. This
implies that treatment by HCl/NaOH solutions can improve the in vitro bioactivity of PTW. The
possible mechanism is that more Ti–OH groups occur after treatment and induce Ca2+ and PO4
3-
aggregate and accelerate to deposit of apatite. The bioactive PTW with good biocompatibility is a
potential candidate as reinforcing agent to improve the mechanical properties of calcium phosphate
ceramics or cements.
Bio-Fabrication of Patterned Cellulose Nano-Fibers
Authors: Wang Gang , Chen Xu Feng , Shi Xu Dian , Yu Long Jiang , Liu Bi Feng , Yang Guang
Published: March 2009

In this paper, a new approach for controllable bio-fabrication of patterened cellulose
nano-fibers has been proposed by micro-fluidic techniques, via the combination of biological
technology and nanotechnology. We attempted to make sure whether A. xylinum can regularly move
within micro-fluidic channels and further to clarify how the flow can direct and control the assembly
of cellulose nano-fibers. The movement of A. xylinum within the micro-fluidic channels was observed
in vivo by real time video microscopy. The well-patterned materials have great potential utility in
tissue engineering.
Characteristics and Chemical Stability of the Bioactive Titania Layer Formed on Ti, Ti-6Al-4V and NiTi SMA through a Low Temperature Oxidation Process
Authors: Sun Tao , Wang Min
Published: March 2009

To improve the biocompatibility and bioactivity of titanium and titanium alloys, a titanium
oxide layer was synthesized on Ti, Ti-6Al-4V and NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) using a
H2O2-oxidation and hot water aging technique. The surface of these metals before and after the
oxidation treatment was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive
X-ray spectroscopy. Because of the synthetic titanium oxide surface layer, the Al and V contents on
the surface of as-oxidized Ti-6Al-4V decreased significantly. Similarly, the Ni content on the surface
of as-oxidized NiTi SMA was also significantly reduced. Potentiodynamic polarization curves
indicated that the synthetic titania layer was more chemically stable than the spontaneous titania film
on the metals. Among the three metals, the oxide layer on Ti was the most stable chemically. The in
vitro bioactivity of as-oxidized metals was assessed through incubation in simulated body fluid
(SBF). Compared to as-oxidized Ti-6Al-4V and NiTi SMA, as-oxidized Ti was the most bioactive.
Adsoption CD34 Antibody onto the Col/Hep Coating Film on Titanium to Improve Cytocompatibility of Titanium
Authors: Chen Jia Long , Li Quan Li , Chen Jun Ying , Huang Nan
Published: March 2009

This study deals with improving the cytocompatibility of titanium by a coating with
heparin(hep), collagen(col) and CD34 antibody. Collagen and heparin molecules were adsorbed
onto a titanium surface using a layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. The col/hep coating
were formed by alternating deposition of negatively charged heparin and positively charged
collagen based on electrostatic interactions. Finally the CD34 antibody was absorbed onto the
surface of col/hep coating by electrostatic interactions. The chemical composition and surface
topography were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning
electron microscopy (SEM). The fluorescence microscopy images proved that the CD34 antibody
was existed on the surface of the col/hep coating. The SEM results and the MTT test results showed
that, compared to the surface of col/hep coating and the surface of titanium, the CD34 surface had
better endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) attachment and proliferation. The EPCs on the CD34
surface displayed the morphology of flat endothelium, and a confluent cell layer after cultured for
2d. This study suggested that this method maybe have good potential for surface modification of
cardiovascular devices.
Study the Restenosis after Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty(PTCA) in the Organ Culture System
Authors: Zhao An Sha , Zhang Hai Yan , Chen Jun Ying , Cai Guang Jun , Huang Nan
Published: March 2009

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty(PTCA) has become increasingly important
in the therapy of coronary artery disease. However, the high restenosis occurrence of 20%～30% in
patients limits the applications of this method, but the pathogenesis of restenosis has not yet been fully
understood.In this paper, static organ culture system was set up to study the process of restenosis
formation after PTCA. The common carotid arteries of atherosclerotic rabbits after PTCA were
cultured in the artery organ-culture system and maintained in culture for 7 days. After 1d, 2d, 3d, 4d,
5d, 6d and 7d, MTT-test showed that the activity of vessels in the organ culture system unchanged.
Pathology and histological technic were applied to check the intimal morphology especially the
endothelial denudation and intimal hyperplasia. The concentration of chemical cytokines NO
releasing in the process of restenosis were measured .The results showed the method of static organ
culture could be successfully applied to keep the activity of culture arteries and study the process of
restenosis formation after PTCA. The endothelial denudation and inflammatory cytokines releasing
had intimately relationship with the restenosis after PTCA.
Influence of Hydrogen-Plasma Treatment on Blood Compatibility of Titanium Oxide Films
Authors: Yang Zhong Hai , Xu Yi , Yang Ping , Leng Yong Xiang , Huang Nan
Published: March 2009

Non-stoichiometric titanium dioxide (TiO2-x) thin films were obtained by unbalanced
reactive pulsed magnetron sputtering and subsequently modified by hydrogen plasma. To investigate
the influence of hydrogen plasma on the properties of the films, time and temperature were changed
during the process with a fixed vacuum pressure of 10 Pa. The film structure, composition, resistance
and blood compatibility were studied. The results that the concentration of Ti4+ decreases with the
increasing of treated time and substrate temperature, which results in existence of oxygen vacancy
and increase of conductivity. It is found that Ti-O film treated in 110°C plasma for 15min represents
the lowest thrombosis risks, which could be mainly attributed to its characteristic of n-type
semiconductor caused by appropriate oxygen vacancy forming in hydrogen plasma treatment.
Preparation of Lactic Acid Based Polyurethanes Modified by Castor Oil
Authors: Fu Biao , Xiao Lin , Yu Long Jiang , Yang Guang
Published: March 2009

A series of biodegradable lactic acid based Polyurethanes modified by castor oil
(PLBA-PUs) have been successfully prepared by using a two steps method as follow: Firstly
prepolymers with hydroxyl terminated are synthesized by copolymerization of L-lactic acid and 1,
4-butandiol (BD), and then react with castor oil (C.O.) and hexamethylene diisocynate (HDI). The
effects of BD/LA monomer ration and C.O./prepolymers mole ratio on the molecular weight and
mechanical properties of PLBA-PUs are investigated. The polymers obtained are characterized by
gel permeation chromatography, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 13C NMR, differential
scanning calorimeter (DSC) and tensile testing. Their average molecular weight is over 280,000.
They display excellent mechanical properties, such as a tensile strength as high as 31MPa, a tensile
modulus as low as 20 MPa, and an elongation at break of 176%. Due to the biocompatibility, these
PUs could find applications in biomedical fields, such as soft-tissue engineering.
Mechanical Mechanisms of Chemical Mechanical Polishing
Authors: Danyluk Steven , Ng Sum Huan
Published: March 2009

This paper describes a mechanical mechanism of chemical mechanical polishing (CMP)
and the model is applied to the polishing of silicon substrates by polyurethane pads and slurries
containing fumed silica as is typically done in the manufacture of integrated circuits.
The model utilizes the concept that the polishing pad surface contains asperities that support the
normal load on the wafer, and that friction and hydrodynamic forces influence wear. The
interfacial fluid pressure can significantly influence the normal pressures on the wafers and its
effects modify the wear rate predictions.
Tribological Properties of a Partially Transformed Carbon Layer from SiC
Authors: Bae Heung Taek , Choi Hyun Ju , Jeong Ji Hoon , Lim Dae Soon
Published: March 2009

The frictional coefficient and wear rate of CDC layer were significantly lowered by
chlorine gas treatment at high temperatures due to the formation of a carbon layer. A severe to mild
wear transition occurred, depending on the reaction temperature. In this study, the effect of the
fraction of transformed carbon layer on the tribological properties has been investigated. The
fraction of transformed carbon layer was controlled by varying the reaction temperature of the
hydrogen and chlorine gas mixture. The degree of the transformed layer was measured using
Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Raman spectroscopy. The mechanical properties of the
partially transformed layer were measured by using a micro-Vickers hardness tester. The variation
of the fraction of the transformed carbon was correlated with the tribological and mechanical
properties.
Effects of Surfactant Concentration on Step Height Reduction of SiO2 in Chemical Mechanical Polishing with Ceria Slurry
Authors: Cho Byung Jick , Lee Y.M. , Shin D.H. , Lim Dae Soon , Shin J.H. , Park J.Y. , Choi Yong Soo
Published: March 2009

Ceria based slurries with and without PVP were prepared for the polishing of patterned
and blanket wafers. The changes in the cross-sectional profiles of the oxide as a function of the
polishing time and surfactant concentration were analyzed, in order to understand the mechanism by
which the step height of the oxide is reduced during the CMP process. The reduction in the
thickness as a function of the polishing time varied with the PVP surfactant concentration in the
patterned wafer. When the surfactant concentration was increased to 0.8wt%, the material removal
rate of oxide in the patterned wafer approached a maximum. The maximum removal rate observed
at a surfactant concentration of 0.8wt% was explained by the competing effects of the increasing
number of active particles and the increasing thickness of the viscous layer due to the addition of
surfactant.
Effect of Supported Transition Metal on CO Sensing Performance Using SnO2 in Reducing Atmosphere
Authors: Yamaura Hiroyuki , Nakaoka Mari , Yahiro Hidenori
Published: March 2009

CO sensing properties of various transition metal oxide-loaded SnO2 sensors were investigated in
a reducing atmosphere such as wet H2 gas. Among transition metal oxide-loaded SnO2 sensors used
in the present study, 5wt%CuO-loaded SnO2 sensor exhibited the highest sensitivity to 1% CO in wet
50% H2 at around 150 °C, while it showed no sensitivity in dry 50% H2. From XRD analysis, CuO
was reduced to metallic Cu in a reducing atmosphere at above 150 °C. H2-temperature-programmed
reduction (H2-TPR) and diffuse reflectance fourier transform infrared (DRIFT-IR) spectroscopy
measurements were carried out to discuss the sensor response mechanism.
Investigation on Fe3Al Corrosion Behavior in Simulating Marine Biofilm Environment
Authors: Chang Xue Ting , Yin Yan Sheng , Wang Tao , Yin Cheng Wei , Cheng Sha , Liu Tao
Published: March 2009

In terms with the natural structure and property of microbe film, microbe film was
simulated by Calcium Alginate gel Acetic acid, manganese dioxide, sodium sulfide were added
separately into sodium chloride solution to simulate different bacteria culture systems. The
corrosion behavior of Fe3Al was characterized based on the analysis of open circle potential,
polarization curves, and electrochemical impedance. The corrosion potential of simulating SRB was
0.6V negative-moved in comparison with that of the other two bacteria. The results indicate that
Fe3Al electrodes were much easier eroded by SRB environment.
Positive Temperature Coefficient Behavior of the Graphite Nanofibre and Carbon Black Filled High-Density Polyethylene Hybrid Composites
Authors: Li Qi , Kim Jong Wan , Shim Tae Hee , Jang Yun Ki , Lee Joong Hee
Published: March 2009

The graphite nanofiber (GNF) and carbon black filled high-density polyethylene (HDPE)
hybrid nanocomposites were prepared by solution mixing and melt blending techniques. The effect
of addition of GNF on the positive temperature coefficient (PTC) behavior of the nanocomposites
was investigated. The incorporation of small amount of GNF into HDPE/CB composites showed a
significant improvement in PTC intensity and repeatability of the hybrid nanocomposites. The
maximum PTC intensity was observed for the HDPE/CB/GNF (80/20/0.25) nanocomposite with a
relatively low room temperature resistivity.
Magnetorheological Fluids Behaviour in Tension Loading Mode
Authors: Mazlan Saiful Amri , Issa Ahmed , Olabi Abdul Ghani
Published: March 2009

In this paper, the behaviours of three types of MR fluids under quasi-static loadings in
tension mode were investigated. One type of water-based and two types of hydrocarbon-based MR
fluids were activated by a magnetic field generated by a coil using a constant value of DC electrical
current. Experimental results in terms of stress-strain relationships showed that the MR fluids had
distinct unique behaviours during the tension process. A high ratio of solid particles to carrier liquid
in the MR fluid is an indication of high magnetic properties. The water-based MR fluid had a
relatively large solid-to-liquid ratio. At a given applied current, a significant increase in tensile
stress was obtained in this fluid type. On the other hand, the hydrocarbon-based MR fluids had
relatively lower solid to liquid ratios, whereby, less increases in tensile stress were obtained. The
behaviours of MR fluids were dependent on the relative movement between the solid magnetic
particles and the carrier fluid. A complication occurs because, in the presence of a magnetic field,
there will be a tendency of the carrier fluid to stick with the magnetic particle
Crack Growth Characteristics Evaluation Method in Ceramics Based on DT Technique
Authors: Hitoo Tokunaga , Kinoshita Hiroyuki , Ikeda Kiyohiko , Kaizu Koichi
Published: March 2009

A new method to evaluate the relationship between stress intensity factor KI and crack
growth rate V of ceramics which is based on Double-Torsion (DT) technique was proposed. Materials
were soda-lime glass, glass ceramics and alumina ceramics. Plate type DT specimens were prepared,
and rectangular section guide groove was introduced in the upper surface of specimen. As a crack
propagation test, a constant loading rate test was performed. Furthermore, a crack growth behavior
was monitored by a compliance method. As the results, it was found that the clack growth behavior
can be detected with high accuracy by using the proposed method. And it was confirmed that crack
growth characteristic over wide range of crack growth rate can be evaluated by single experiment.
Furthermore, since the method is based on a simple measurement system, it is considered that the
method has a good availability for KI-V evaluation in ceramics.
Self-Healing of Cracks in Epoxy Composites
Authors: Yin Tao , Rong Min Zhi , Zhang Ming Qiu
Published: March 2009

To provide epoxy based composites with self-healing ability, two-component healing
system consisting of urea-formaldehyde walled microcapsules containing epoxy (30~70µm in
diameter) and CuBr2(2-MeIm)4 (the complex of CuBr2 and 2-methylimidazole) latent hardener was
synthesized. When cracks were initiated or propagated in the composites, the neighbor
micro-encapsulated epoxy would be damaged and released. As the latent hardener is soluble in epoxy,
it can be well dispersed in epoxy composites during composites manufacturing, and hence activate the
released epoxy wherever it is. As a result, repair of the cracked sites is completed through curing of
the released epoxy. The present work indicated that the plain weave glass fabric laminates using the
above self-healing epoxy as the matrix have been provided with self-healing capability.
Sensitivity in Large Deflection of Bossed and Pre-Tensioned Layered Plate under Lateral Load
Authors: Chen Chun Fu , Wu Yu Chou
Published: March 2009

Mechanical sensitivity of a bossed and clamped layered isotropic circular plate with
pretension in large deflection is evaluated. The approach extends Von-Karman’s plate theory for
large deflection to a symmetrically layered plate with a center boss. The derived nonlinear
governing equations are solved using a finite difference method incorporating a numerical iteration
scheme in finding the lateral slope and radial force resultant. The obtained geometrical responses
are further manipulated to calculate the associated mechanical sensitivity. For a 3-layered plate
with nearly the same layer moduli, the results correlate well with those following available
formulation for a single-layer isotropic plate. The developed approach is then implemented for
various initial tensions, lateral pressures as well as different boss sizes and ratios between the layer
moduli. The obtained numerical results show that, initial tension appears to have the strongest
influence upon the radial variation of mechanical sensitivity over the top surface of the bossed
layered plate. While both the size of center boss and magnitude of lateral pressure can still have
a significant effect, the mechanical sensitivity seems to be insensitive to the change of the ratio
between layer moduli for a bossed and symmetrically layered plate.
Using Catalyst and Electrolysis Diaphragm Method to Produce Multiple Oxidants to Remove the Scaling and Slime in Cooling System
Authors: Yao Kuo Shan , Chang Chen Yu , Cheng Ta Chih , Hsieh Yung Hsu , Weng Shi Ren
Published: March 2009

Increasing cycle of water circulation in industrial cooling water system caused
accumulation of dissolving materials in circulating water. Subsequently, the problems including
scaling, fouling, corrosion and slime occurred. The multiple oxidants including chlorine dioxide,
ozone, peroxide hydrogen, and chlorine were prepared using diaphragm electrolysis method to
alleviate the problems above in the cooling system. Meanwhile multiple oxidants can also inhibit the
accumulation of biological dirt and erosion effectively. The efficiency of multiple oxidants to inhibit
precipitation of magnesium carbonate and calcium carbonate can be increased by adjustment of pH
value in the whole pipeline system to reduce corrosion rate of the pipeline and to achieve
energy-water saving goal. The results showed that the high efficiency of chlorine dioxide mixture was
an excellent bio-corrosion inhibitor and bio-accumulation bactericide. The residue concentration of
mixture oxidants are at the range of 0.05 ~ 0.25 mg ClO2/L that is high enough to restrain the growth
of micro-organisms.
Bio-Chemical Sensor Based on Smart Material
Authors: Babchenko A. , Chernyak V. , Levantovsky M. , Vilge E. , Babchenko L.
Published: March 2009

In this paper we report results for an intrinsic evanescent field sensor based on nonregular
plastic optical fiber with smart polymer film containing Malachite Green
MG+([PhC(C6H4NMe2)3]+) as an absorption reagent, which coats the fiber's thermally imperfected
area. Thermal imperfections were created by touching the fiber with a heated metal rounded tip.
The changes in color and absorption characteristics of the polymer film depend on the acidic and
basic environmental properties of the sensing area. An imperfected plastic optical fiber with
Malachite Green coating has been presented for the detection of ammonia vapor. We discuss some
experimental results that confirm our theoretical predictions. The combination of different thermal
imperfection topologies and film’s thickness enabled the design of a bio-chemical sensor with high
sensitivity and linearity over a wide measurement range. Additional increase of the evanescent field
interaction can be achieved by implementing the imperfection area on a bent fiber.
Optimization of Preparation of the TiO2 Photocatalytic Reactor Using the Taguchi Method
Authors: Cheng Ta Chih , Chang Chen Yu , Yao Kuo Shan , Hsieh Yung Hsu , Hsieh Ling Ling , Wang Pin Syuan
Published: March 2009

In this study, titanium dioxide thin film was prepared using the modified chemical vapor
deposition. The parameters employed to control the preparation of the catalyst include the
temperature of water bath, the Ti(OC3H7)4/H2O ratio, the flow rate of carrier gas, the oxidation
temperature, the oxidation time, the calcination temperature, the rotating speed of furnace, and the
speed of geared motor. The orthogonal arrays in the design of experimental method proposed by
Taguchi were adopted to conduct the multiple-factor experiment. The conversion rate of salicylic
acid in the aqueous or heterogeneous phase photocatalysis experiment was employed to identify the
optimal conditions for assembly. The results indicated that a higher conversion ratio of the organic
substance could be achieved under catalytic oxidation temperature of 400°C, calcination temperature
of 550°C, and spraying speed of 30 rpm and the optimal experimental conditions obtained in this
study were irradiation with intensity of 2.9 mW cm-2 on salicylic acid at concentration of 250 mg L-1
by both agitation and aeration processes (dissolved oxygen level = 8.2mg O2 L-1) at pH 5, which could
achieve optimal hydroxyl radical yield of 5.1 ×10-17 M.
Using FEM Analysis for Evaluating Lifetime of the Turbine Blades Repaired by Different Kinds of Titanium and Nickel Alloys
Authors: Korjakins Aleksandrs , Gluhihs Sergejs , Popovs Andrejs , Tiskunov Aleksandr
Published: March 2009

With increasing attention being devoted to the problem of reducing service costs for a wide range of
turbines and compressors, an attractive option is repair of damaged blades, instead of replacing
them by new ones. A lot of different methods are used to repair blades and other parts of turbines
and compressors. The processes of laser metal deposition (LMD) and direct laser forming (DLF)
are modern methods used to repair blades made of titanium alloys. In the present study, the finite
element analysis (FEM) has been applied to determine the stress-strain state of the repaired blades
in service conditions. Different forms and sizes of the damaged zones have been analyzed. Several
kinds of alloys, such as Incoloy 903, Carlson C800 and Inconel 718, appropriate for the LMD and
DLF methods, have been utilized in repairing the blades. Two kinds of blades, with and without
cooling hollows, have been examined. Lifetime of the repaired turbine has been evaluated by
comparing the results obtained from the modal and stress-strain state analyses of the repaired and
original parts. The results allow evaluating influence of sizes and forms of the damaged zones, as
well as choice of the alloys applied, on lifetime of the repaired blades.