bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPORTAMENTO TEMPORAL DA EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIA EM MUNICÍPIOS DE SÃO PAULO E PROVÍNCIAS DE CUBA
Authors: Conde Esteban Choque , De Brito Ramilos Rodrigues , Sánchez Román Rodrigo Máximo , Montenegro Ranses José Vasquez
Published: September 2016

COMPORTAMENTO TEMPORAL DA EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIA EM MUNICÍPIOS DE SÃO PAULO E PROVÍNCIAS DE CUBA ESTEBAN CHOQUE CONDE1; RAMILOS RODRIGUES DE BRITO2; RANSES JOSÉ VÁZQUEZ MONTENEGRO3 E RODRIGO MÁXIMO SÁNCHEZ ROMÁN4 1Doutorando em Irrigação e Drenagem, UNESP/FCA, Botucatu, Brasil. email: condesteban@hotmail.com2Eng. Agrônomo, Doutorando em Irrigação e Drenagem, UNESP/FCA, Botucatu, Brasil.3Especialista em Meteorologia Agrícola, Instituto de Meteorologia La Habana, Cuba.4Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola, Professor UNESP/FCA, Botucatu, Brasil.  1 RESUMO A importância de determinar e modelar o comportamento temporal da Evapotranspiração de Referência (ETo) constitui-se na grande necessidade de gerar uma margem de confiança na programação e disponibilidade de água para irrigação, frente ao déficit hídrico das culturas agrícolas. O estudo foca-se na estimativa da ETo mediante a equação Penman-Monteith FAO-56, e a modelagem da tendência e comportamento temporal, mediante o método geoestatístico, baseado na análise de semivariograma e krigagem, nas localidades de Cuba (Güira de Melena, Bauta e Batabanó) e do Brasil (Franca, Piracicaba e São Paulo). Os resultados do ETo mostraram diferentes cenários, maiores amplitudes durante o solstício de verão e menores no solstício de inverno. Palavras chave: Evapotranspiração de referencia, Geoestatística, Krigagem  CHOQUE C., E.; BRITO, R. R.; VAZQUEZ M., R. J.; SÁNCHEZ-ROMÁN, R. M. TEMPORAL BEHAVIOR OF REFERENCE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN THE STATE OF SÃO PAULO AND PROVINCES OF CUBA  2 ABSTRACT The importance of determining and modelling the temporal behavior of Reference Evapotranspiration (ETo) lies in the need to generate a margin of confidence in programming and assess the availability of water for irrigation, considering future demands to diminish the water deficit for agricultural crops. The study focuses on the estimation of ETo by Penman-Monteith FAO-56 equation, and modeling the tendency and temporal behavior, by using semivariogram analysis and kriging as geo-statistical methods. The areas of study were Güira de Melena, Bauta and Batabanó in Cuba, and Franca, Piracicaba and São Paulo in Brazil. The results of the ETo showed several scenarios, larger amplitudes during the summer solstice and smaller in the winter solstice. Keywords: Reference evapotranspiration, Geostatistic, Kriging
Stress in Parents of a Child with Hemifacial Microsomia
Authors: Ongkosuwito Edwin , van der Vlies Lieneke , Kraaij Vivian , Garnefski Nadia , van Neck Han , Kuijpers-Jagtman Anne Marie , Hovius Steven
Published: September 2016

Objective:

Examine stress levels of parents of children with hemifacial microsomia (HFM) and the relationship of parental stress to child characteristics and cognitive coping strategies.

Design:

Prospective cross-sectional study.

Participants and Setting:

Parents with a child (age 3-19 years) with HFM (N = 31) were recruited through the Department of Orthodontics and the Craniofacial Center, Sophia-Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Intervention and Outcome Measures:

The adapted and shortened Dutch version of the parental stress index (NOSI-K) was used to measure parental stress, and the cognitive emotion-regulation questionnaire was used to measure cognitive coping strategies. Pearson correlations and a multiple regression analysis were performed.

Results:

The hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed associations between increased parental stress and learning difficulties and use of acceptance as a coping strategy. This suggests that problems other than the characteristic visual appearance of the child's face in HFM have a greater influence on parental stress.

Conclusions:

Learning difficulties of the child with HFM and parental acceptance affect stress in parents with a child with HFM the most and are important in the search for a targeted tailoring of intervention for parents with high levels of parental stress.
Los datos: la cancha donde se juega la democracia
Authors: Rincón Omar
Published: September 2016

La guerra de los datos existe. La guerra, por ahora, la va ganando el capital, las empresas y los gobiernos. Jobs-Zuckerberg-Page-Bezos-EE.UU. y todos los gobiernos están cerca del control total de los datos sobre los sujetos y la sociedad. Nos persiguen y encuentran gracias a nuestras intimidades conectadas. Lo peor, parecemos felices entregados a la vigilancia y el control. En este contexto, los datos son la cancha donde se está jugando la democracia. En este texto-ensayo se pasa del optimismo tecnológico (el big data es solo una tecnología y una maravilla que lo puede todo), a la ironía de la tecnología como dispositivo de poder y al cinismo del big data como ideología.
Otimização do Sorriso com Restaurações Diretas de Compósito Resinoso Nanoparticulado
Authors: Azevedo Natália , Galvão Gabriel , Nihi Valdeane Simone Cenci , Hoeppner Márcio Grama , Nihi Fábio Mitugui
Published: September 2016

Com o conhecimento das análises faciais, do sorriso e da harmonia dental, associados ao avanço das técnicas e materiais restauradores, tornouse possível solucionar alterações dentárias com a realização de restaurações diretas. Entre os tratamentos para restabelecer o equilíbrio do sorriso e a harmonia da beleza da face está o tratamento de fechamento de diastemas e a reanatomização por meio de restaurações diretas em dentes conóide, girovertidos e mal alinhados no arco dental. Baseados nas informações acima, o objetivo deste relato de caso foi apresentar a otimização do sorriso com restaurações diretas, utilizando resinas compostas. Paciente gênero feminino, 14 anos de idade, procurou a
Universidade Paranaense – UNIPAR com queixa de espaços entre os dentes. Após avaliações clínicas e radiográficas e com o objetivo de melhorar de forma rápida e conservadora, foram realizadas restaurações diretas nos elementos 11 e 21, modificando por meio do fechamento de diastema. Além disso, o proporcionamento restaurador do incisivo lateral conóide (12) e do canino (23), para suprir a agenesia do elemento 22 foi realizado. Foram utilizadas resinas compostas nanoparticuladas, associadas a um sistema adesivo convencional. O resultado alcançado demonstrou a possibilidade eficaz de tratamento restaurador direto, para devolver a harmonia do sorriso prejudicado por alterações de forma e posição, com a vantagem de ser uma técnica rápida, conservadora, reversível e de menor custo, quando comparado com restaurações indiretas.
Revisão Integrativa dos Diagnósticos de Enfermagem de Pacientes em Período Pós Operatório
Authors: Bertoncello Kátia Cilene Godinho , Sávio Bruna , Ferreira Juliana Martins , Nascimento Eliane Regina Pereira do
Published: September 2016

A prática baseada em evidências é uma abordagem que preconiza a utilização de resultados de pesquisas na prática clínica, sendo a revisão integrativa um de seus recursos. Dessa forma, tal processo foi empregado neste estudo com o objetivo de descrever a produção científica dos Diagnósticos de Enfermagem atribuídos aos pacientes em período pós-operatório nos últimos seis anos. Para a seleção dos artigos, utilizou-se a base de dados de Literatura Latino-Americana em Ciências de Saúde (LILACS), no período de janeiro de 2006 até março de 2012. A amostra desta revisão se constituiu de cinco artigos, selecionados em três etapas: leitura dos títulos, leitura dos resumos e dos que se encontravam disponíveis na íntegra em meio eletrônico. Dentro os artigos encontrados, tangentes aos principais diagnósticos dos pacientes em pósoperatório, constituindo o tema foco, foram encontrados os seguintes diagnósticos de enfermagem: Risco para infecção, Déficit de autocuidado para banho e Dor. Conclui-se com essa investigação, que a produção de artigos que tratam da temática Diagnósticos de Enfermagem para os pacientes em pós-operatório é pequena no Brasil, e ausente com ênfase nos Diagnósticos de Enfermagem para os pacientes em pós-operatório, não apenas para atender a nova legislação em vigor a respeito da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem, ,mas porque o profissional Enfermeiro é um dos principais responsáveis no atendimento inicial desses pacientes e necessita de ferramentas que potencializem este cuidado individualizado.
Minimally Traumatic Surgical Procedures in Periodontics: a Review
Authors: Schwartz-Filho Humberto Osvaldo , Brandt William Cunha , Roman-Torres Caio Vinicius Gonçalves
Published: September 2016

The concept of minimally invasive procedures can be extended to all fields of dentistry. Periodontics, in particular, has been reported as one of the areas with great benefits. This review aims to describe the use of minimally invasive procedures in periodontal surgery, its concepts, applications, and possible benefits from its use. For that, 682 articles published between 1950 and 2012 focused on minimally invasive periodontal surgery were evaluated. Of them, 669 studies did not describe clearly the procedures, and did not attend the inclusion criteria. The results showed that proper lighting promotes increased visual acuity during surgical procedures, favoring the precision associated with
microsurgical instruments specifically designed, allowing a more accurate manipulation of the soft and hard tissues. Surgical access avoids unnecessary tissues removal, optimizing the debridement, improving vascularisation, and therefore the possibility of obtaining primary healing of surgical wounds. The microsurgical approach can improve the predictability of different periodontal procedures, providing better results and cause less postoperative discomfort. However, few controlled methodologies on the use of instruments to promote minimally invasive procedures in periodontics have been found in literature. Therefore, studies are needed to determine whether microsurgical techniques can lead to a significant difference in the successful outcome. Most of the studies are based on observations and experiences of the authors, which clearly
show that there are advantages in having better lighting, better vision, and a more controlled and less traumatic technique.
Planificación y administración integral turística y hotelera en el posconflicto en Colombia
Authors: Segura Mateus Jairo Alonso
Published: September 2016

La Planificación y la Administración Turística y Hotelera como un efecto multiplicador para la transformación de los espacios en conflicto armado en territorios de paz, pueden ser hoy una realidad como emporio turístico y hotelero del siglo XXI gracias a las iniciativas que evocan la consolidación de una “paz recreativa, turística y hotelera” está en el país. Pensar en impactos beneficiosos que se pueden sembrar en zonas de gran valor turístico, natural y de recuperación del medio ambiente, de culturas y específicamente en los destinos que han sido víctimas del conflicto armado como lo han sido una mayoría de zonas de Colombia, son oportunidades para el desarrollo y practica del turismo, ecoturismo, producción artesanal, etnoturismo, de la recuperación de atractivos turísticos naturales y artificiales de alto valor nacional e internacional como ejes fundamentales para promover la innovación, la competitividad y potencializar este mercado.
La construcción de otras perspectivas de paz: “sumak kawsay”, “sumac camaña” y “buen vivir”
Authors: Cortez David , Meneses Pardo Ana Isabel
Published: September 2016

Acceso histórico sobre la construcción de una propuesta de paz desde las Constituciones Políticas de Ecuador (2008) y Bolivia (2009), en las cuales aparece vinculada a la consecución del “buen vivir” y el “vivir bien” de tradiciones indígenas kechuas y aymaras. En perspectiva genealógica y de análisis de discurso se plantea que para su elaboración se ha desarrollado un complejo diálogo en el cual confluyen cosmovisiones holísticas –ancestrales- de los pueblos indígenas sobre una convivencia armónica entre los seres humanos y la naturaleza (“sumak kawsay” y “sumac camaña”), así como también el legado conceptual moderno contemporáneo y la presencia de actores internacionales para una propuesta de “cultura de paz” (Naciones Unidas, 1999) que debería ser el resultado de la implementación integrada de vastos proyectos de democracia, desarrollo y sustentabilidad. Se presentan tres accesos: uno genealógico respecto al contenido del concepto paz desde tradiciones indígenas; un segundo acceso constitucional respecto a la paz concebida como “buen vivir”; y, un tercero, un ejemplo de su implementación en planes nacionales de desarrollo ecuatorianos.
El lugar del odio y del perdón en el proceso de paz colombiano
Authors: Gallego García Gloria María
Published: September 2016

Un análisis crítico de algunas confusiones que rondan el proceso de paz entre el Gobierno y las FARC, y que se refieren a los objetivos (¿La terminación del conflicto armado? ¿El perdón de las víctimas a los victimarios?), en procura de clarificar qué lugar corresponde al odio y al perdón. El gran objetivo del proceso de paz es la finalización del conflicto armado entre el Estado colombiano y las FARC y la consecución a largo plazo de la paz social, y no es –ni puede ser– el perdón, un acto reservado a la esfera íntima y autónoma de las víctimas, que está más allá de lo que pueden pactar las partes en conflicto (únicas llamadas a acordar el cese de hostilidades), no es articulable políticamente y no puede ser impuesto por medio de leyes ni a los victimarios (para que pidan perdón), ni las víctimas (para que perdonen).
The black female slave takes literary revenge: Female gothic motifs against slavery in Hannah Crafts’s "The Bondwoman’s Narrative"
Authors: Cucarella-Ramon Vicent
Published: September 2016

The Bondwoman’s Narrative is a novel that functions as a story made up from Hannah Crafts’s experiences as a bondwoman and thus merges fact and fiction giving a thoroughly new account of slavery both committed to reality and fiction. Following and taking over the Gothic literary genre that spread in Europe as a reaction toward the Romantic spirit, Crafts uses it to denounce the degrading slavery system and, mainly, to scathingly attack the patriarchal roots that stigmatize black women as the ultimate victims. It is my contention that Hannah Crafts uses the female Gothic literary devices both to attack slavery and also to stand as a proper (African) American citizen capable of relating to the cultural outlets that American culture offered aiming to counteract the derogatory stereotypes that rendered African American women at the very bottom of the social ladder.
I am nobody: fantasy and identity in Neil Gaiman’s "The Graveyard Book"
Authors: Chang Tsung Chi
Published: September 2016

With the popularity of fantasy literature in recent years, more and more writers of adolescent books shifted their attention to depicting the macabre and the bizarre. While authors of fantasy literature endeavor to show that something that is unreal, strange, whimsical, or magical nevertheless has an internal logic and consistency, at the same time, certain stereotypes typical of the realistic world are destabilized. In the imaginary world in which the events, settings, or characters are outside the realm of possibility, many ideas like love, truth, reality, and identity are constantly destabilized and contested. For example, in Neil Gaiman’s The Graveyard Book (2008), which garners him the Carnegie Medal and the Newbery Medal, the problem of personal identity is apparent in Nobody Owens, an orphan whose parents are killed by a man called “Jack” and whose survival depends on the mercy of the ghosts living in the graveyard that Nobody runs to and hides in to escape Jack. This paper aims to discuss how the protagonist of The Graveyard Book grapples with his bewilderment when confronted with the myth of his identity and how the elements of fantasy are incorporated to help untangle this coming-of-age mythology.
-ING suplementive clauses and discourse prominence in literary journalism
Authors: Martínez María-Ángeles
Published: September 2016

This study explores the role of –ing supplementive clauses as markers of discourse prominence in literary journalism. These apparently minor linguistic units - “Using them as cups, they sip the filthy water” (Time,14 January 2013: 18) - stubbornly resist sentence-level syntactic and semantic description (Hengenveld 1997; Greenbaum and Quirk 2007; Huddleston and Pullum 2007: 207; Biber et al. 2010: 829). However, suprasentential studies within a cognitive-functional paradigm suggest that phenomena such as profiling (Verhaert 2006) and discourse prominence (Martínez 2012) may be crucial to their understanding. In the analysis, based on a collection of reportages from the American journal Time, these constructions actually seem to be frequently attached to the most prominent discourse entities, and to often combine with one another in the highlighting of sequences of logically connected events and situations. This indicates that they might intervene in referential and focus management in discourse.
Miller, Christopher R. 2015. "Surprise. The poetics of the unexpected from Milton to Austen". Ithaca and London: Cornell University. VIII, 269 pp.
Authors: Santana Martínez Pedro
Published: September 2016

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Analysis of the results of ipsilateral hip and shaft femur fractures treated with reconstruction-type intramedullary nail or various plate combinations
Authors: Kashayi-Chowdoji rao Sreekanth , Chodavarapu Lalith Mohan , Buchupalli Bharath Reddy , Patnala Chandrasekhar , Chilakamarri Vijaya Krishna
Published: September 2016

Background: Ipsilateral femoral shaft and hip fractures are commonly encountered following high energy trauma. Despite many treatment methods, controversy exists regarding the optimal management of these fractures. This study was planned to compare reconstruction-type intramedullary nailing and various plate combinations on the fracture healing and functional outcome in patients with these fractures.

Methods: 25 patients with ipsilateral femoral shaft and hip fractures were operated by one of the  two modalities - cancellous lag screws or dynamic hip screw for fracture hip and compression plate fixation for fracture shaft of the femur (Group I, 13 patients) and Reconstruction-type intramedullary nailing  alone (Group II, 12 patients) -  depending on surgeon's preference. The functional results of the patients were assessed with the system used by Friedman and Wyman. Radiological and functional assessment was done by an independent evaluator blinded to the surgical procedure.

Results: The mean age was 33.6±4.03 in group I and 35.3±4.04 years in group II (p=0.70). The average follow up was 15 months. The average union time for femoral neck fracture was 15.75±0.89 and 16.48±1.40 (p=0.36) weeks and for fracture shaft was 19.27±1.18 and 20.06±1.16 (p=0.15) in group I and group II respectively. 10 patients (76.9%) in group I and 9 (75%) in group II showed good functional results. Two patients needed re-operation in group I and one patient in group II.
Conclusions: Ipsilateral femoral shaft and hip fractures can be treated satisfactorily either with nailing alone or various plate combinations with similar outcome.
Adding to Our Practice Toolkit: Using the ACTS Script to Address Stigmatizing Peer Behaviors in the Context of Maternal Substance Use
Authors: Marcellus Lenora , Poag Elizabeth
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) are a growing population in the NICU setting, and nurses report that caring for families can be challenging. Women who are pregnant and newly parenting who use drugs and alcohol typically face significant negative attitudes, judgment, and stigma within their communities and from providers when they access health care. When nurses witness biased behavior or communication from their peers, they may feel distressed and unprepared to address the situation. Using script guides or structured communication frameworks (e.g., SBAR) is one helpful strategy for rehearsing actions and responses. The ACTS script was developed specifically to address peer attitudes and stigma in relation to substance use during pregnancy.
An Exploration of Barriers Women Face in Balancing Motherhood and Education in Kenya
Authors: Musili Lucy Wanjiku
Published: September 2016

This study explores barriers women face in balancing motherhood and education in Kenya. Owing to the nature of this study, the research design was mainly qualitative and face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted by the researcher with 32 female students reported in their role as mothers of child (ren) eighteen years old or younger enrolled for postgraduate study at University of Nairobi using an interview guide. The study has three objectives:1) Evaluate experiences of mothers who study at postgraduate level; 2) Examine how women combine multiple roles of motherhood and education; and 3) Explore challenges that hinder women participation in postgraduate study. These study findings reveals that postgraduate student mothers experience conflict between various commitments like childcare, domestic, work and academic responsibilities. For example they juggled childcare and timetabling issues and, for some, their main challenge was a feeling of guilt for inability to spend quality time with their young families. These women however were able to overcome these difficulties with highly developed organization, time-management skills, family support and by sacrificing sleep and recreating time for their families. The women were strongly motivated by the desire for personal achievement, and the opportunity to create a better future for their families specifically their children. These study findings demonstrated that postgraduate study rewarded women with a sense of freedom, growth, pride and achievement, as well as developing their professional identity. It also provided them with a major opportunity to grow and develop their personal abilities while raising their children..
Impact of Military Actions on Sustainable Development in Iraq
Authors: Aliyas Ibraheem M .
Published: September 2016

The military actions in Iraq most challenge influenced to each life types especially on sustainable development which representing by environment such as (biosphere ;soil, water resources & air) ,social and economic,  spawned the negatively traces for all sectors  of sustainable development , in particular including: murder ,destruction of infrastructure, agricultural production, biodiversity, industrial production, education, health, and others. Where occurred three wars; 1980, 1991 and 2003. Until now Iraq suffers from their impacts, where protection of sustainable development could be strategic necessity today's. Human who lives above the Earth is main reason in impact on the environment whether by the reason war or Irrationally use of natural resources which produce; pollution, smoke, waste, and epidemics .There is no doubt that the environment is a natural habitat for all human activities so events current on the earth surface, therefore unaffected and affect them, just the human living in healthy lives atmosphere where causes of varying degrees from effects on the environment. Our research is trying to find out how the in fact that environmental pollution by the reason of war hampering sustainable development and threatening the lives of Population, in order to reach this goal, included this   research ;sociological , environmental,ecnomic security for the people of Iraq.   caused unrest killed more than 85,000 civilians in 2007, estimated the number of refugees 4.7 million (about 16% of Iraq's population) in April 2008, and two million Iraqis have fled to neighboring countries, they are now according to the International Red Cross and the statements in the humanitarian situation bad, as the number of people killed during the war were 1.3 million people and in the month of August 2008 Iraq took fifth in unstable countries index.
Health Information Systems: The Issues related to Governmental Initiatives, Political and Economics—A Theoretical Overview
Authors: Paul P. K. , Bhuimali A. , Ghose M. , E. Poovammal.
Published: September 2016

Health Information System or Medical Information Systems is an important and valuable concept which is mainly dedicated to the Health related issues and solutions. The Health Information System is combines with the management and also economical aspects for its real and healthy solutions. The Health Information System is the important name in most of the developed countries for their healthy and sophisticated healthcare systems. The Health Information System thus needs to be a valuable agenda in medical and clinical systems. The Health Information System is only possible with the initiation of the solid Health Informatics practice. The domain and knowledge field of Health Information System is deals with the fundamentals of Information Studies, Computing & Information Technologies, Management Sciences with the Bio Sciences such as Physiology, Life Science, Clinical and Health Management, Human Body etc. The Health Information System has many problems in the spectrum of technologies as well as in the field of economies etc. This is a kind of conceptual paper and mainly illustrated the issues of Governance, Policies, Economics etc for solid and healthy Health Information System building. 
Harnessing the Question–Behavior Effect to Enhance Colorectal Cancer Screening in an mHealth Experiment
Authors: Hagoel Lea , Neter Efrat , Stein Nili , Rennert Gad
Published: September 2016

Objectives. To assess whether asking questions about a future behavior changes this behavior (i.e., the question–behavior effect) when applied to a population-level intervention to enhance colorectal cancer screening.

Methods. In 2013, text-message reminders were sent to a national sample of 50 000 Israeli women and men aged 50 to 74 years following a fecal occult blood test invitation. Participants were randomized into 4 intervention groups (2 interrogative reminders, with or without reference to social context; 2 noninterrogative reminders, with or without social context) and a no-intervention control group. The outcome was fecal occult blood test uptake (n = 48 091, following attrition).

Results. Performance of fecal occult blood test was higher in the interrogative-reminder groups than in the other 3 groups (odds ratio = 1.11; 95% confidence interval = 1.05, 1.19); the effect size was small, varying in the different group comparisons from 0.03 to 0.06.

Conclusions. The question–behavior effect appears to be modestly effective in colorectal cancer screening, but the absolute number of potential screenees may translate into a clinically significant health promotion change.
Trends in HIV Infection Among Persons Who Inject Drugs: United States and Puerto Rico, 2008–2013
Authors: Mitsch Andrew John , Hall H. Irene , Babu Aruna Surendera
Published: September 2016

Objectives. To describe trends in HIV diagnoses and prevalence among persons who inject drugs (PWID), and trend variations by jurisdiction.

Methods. We used National HIV Surveillance System data to estimate the number of HIV diagnoses made during 2008 through 2013, and measured trends by estimated annual percent change; and persons living with diagnosed HIV infection at year-end 2008 to 2012, and measured trends in prevalence by the 2012–2008 arithmetic difference.

Results. During 2008 through 2013, the number of HIV diagnoses was stable among all persons (< 2% per year), and decreased among PWID (> 10% per year) overall and in 10 jurisdictions. The Black-to-White PWID diagnosis ratio was 2 to 1. During 2008 through 2012, the number of persons living with diagnosed HIV infection increased overall, was stable among PWID, and decreased in 14 jurisdictions.

Conclusions. Had the rate of decrease in diagnoses of HIV infection among PWID equaled that of all persons, an additional 1500 diagnoses would have occurred between 2008 and 2013. Prevalence was stable among PWID, and increased overall among all persons living with HIV infection. Pronounced racial inequities persist, particularly for Blacks, and appear to be diminishing.
Implementing an Evidence-Based Fall Prevention Intervention in Community Senior Centers
Authors: Li Fuzhong , Harmer Peter , Fitzgerald Kathleen
Published: September 2016

Objectives. To evaluate the impact of implementing an evidence-based fall prevention intervention in community senior centers.

Methods. We used a single-group design to evaluate the Tai Ji Quan: Moving for Better Balance (TJQMBB) program’s adoption, population reach, implementation, effectiveness, and maintenance among 36 senior centers in 4 Oregon counties between 2012 and 2016. The primary outcome measure, as part of the effectiveness evaluation, was number of falls as ascertained by self-report. Trained TJQMBB instructors delivered the program to community-dwelling older adults for 48 weeks, with a 6-month postintervention follow-up.

Results. TJQMBB was adopted by 89% of the senior centers approached and reached 90% of the target population. The program resulted in a 49% reduction in the total number of falls and improved physical performance. Participation was well maintained after the program’s completion. The average cost-effectiveness ratio for the 48-week program implementation was $917 per fall prevented and $676 per fall prevented for multiple falls.

Conclusions. TJQMBB is an effective public health program that can be broadly implemented in community senior centers for primary prevention of falls among community-dwelling older adults.
Predicting the Population Health Impacts of Community Interventions: The Case of Alcohol Outlets and Binge Drinking
Authors: Ahern Jennifer , Colson K. Ellicott , Margerson-Zilko Claire , Hubbard Alan , Galea Sandro
Published: September 2016

A substitution estimator can be used to predict how shifts in population exposures might change health. We illustrated this method by estimating how an upper limit on alcohol outlet density might alter binge drinking in the New York Social Environment Study (n = 4000), and provided statistical code and sample data.

The largest differences in binge drinking were for an upper limit of 70 outlets per square mile; there was a −0.7% difference in binge drinking prevalence for New York City overall (95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.2%, −1.3%) and a −2.4% difference in binge drinking prevalence for the subset of communities the intervention modified (95% CI = −0.5%, −4.0%).

A substitution estimator is a flexible tool for estimating population intervention parameters and improving the translation of public health research results to practitioners.
A Prospective Study of Social Isolation, Loneliness, and Mortality in Finland
Authors: Tanskanen Jussi , Anttila Timo
Published: September 2016

Objectives. To estimate the simultaneous effects of social isolation and loneliness on mortality.

Methods. We analyzed a representative Finnish sample (n = 8650) from the cross-sectional Living Conditions Survey of 1994, with a 17-year follow-up period (1995–2011), by using Cox regression models adjusted for several possible confounding variables. We examined the possible nonlinear threshold effect of social isolation on mortality.

Results. The analyses revealed that social isolation predicted mortality even after we controlled for loneliness and control variables. The connection between social isolation and mortality was linear in nature and there was no synergistic effect between social isolation and loneliness. The effect of loneliness became nonsignificant when studied simultaneously with social isolation.

Conclusions. This study reveals strong evidence for an adverse effect of social isolation on mortality. Social isolation and loneliness seem to have distinct pathways to mortality and health. The results imply that the risk of mortality exists along a continuum, affecting not only those who experience extreme social isolation, but also those who suffer from mild to progressively increasing intensity of isolation.
Defining Ethical Placemaking for Place-Based Interventions
Authors: Eckenwiler Lisa A.
Published: September 2016

As place-based interventions expand and evolve, deeper reflection on the meaning of ethical placemaking is essential.

I offer a summary account of ethical placemaking, which I propose and define as an ethical ideal and practice for health and for health justice, understood as the capability to be healthy.

I point to selected wide-ranging examples—an urban pathway, two long-term care settings, innovations in refugee health services, and a McDonald's restaurant—to help illustrate these ideas.
Moderation of the Relation of County-Level Cost of Living to Nutrition by the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
Authors: Basu Sanjay , Wimer Christopher , Seligman Hilary
Published: September 2016

Objectives. To examine the association of county-level cost of living with nutrition among low-income Americans.

Methods. We used the National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey (2012–2013; n = 14 313; including 5414 persons in households participating in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program [SNAP]) to examine associations between county-level cost-of-living metrics and both food acquisitions and the Healthy Eating Index, with control for individual-, household-, and county-level covariates and accounting for unmeasured confounders influencing both area of living and food acquisition.

Results. Living in a higher-cost county—particularly one with high rent costs—was associated with significantly lower volume of acquired vegetables, fruits, and whole grains; greater volume of acquired refined grains, fats and oils, and added sugars; and an 11% lower Healthy Eating Index score. Participation in SNAP was associated with nutritional improvements among persons living in higher-cost counties.

Conclusions. Living in a higher-cost county (particularly with high rent costs) is associated with poorer nutrition among low-income Americans, and SNAP may mitigate the negative nutritional impact of high cost of living.
Rim Fracture of a Tibial Base-Plate Due to Retained Cement as a Cause of Catastrophic Failure of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Sawatzke Alexander B. , Bollinger Alexander J. , Butler Paul D. , Roberts Karl C.
Published: September 2016

Case:

We report a case of catastrophic implant failure due to fatigue fracture of a well-functioning unicompartmental knee arthroplasty at 7 years in an active 55-year-old man, who presented with sudden onset of atraumatic knee pain and effusion. The patient underwent revision to total knee arthroplasty. Intraoperative findings included a metallic fragment fractured off the rim of the tibial base-plate and cement retained in the tibial tray.

Conclusion:

Retained cement in the tibial tray resulted in increased tibial tray contact stresses and fatigue fracture of the rim of the tray, creating a free metallic loose body that produced symptoms.
Ambient Seismic Imaging Throughout the Unconventional Field’s Life Cycle
Authors: Lacazette Alfred , Laudon Carolan
Published: September 2016

Technology Update

Newly developed ambient seismic imaging methods provide valuable information throughout the life cycle of an unconventional field. Methods developed by Global Geophysical Services enable new insights for exploration, development planning, fracture and refracture design, reservoir management, production forecasting, and reserves estimation.

Ambient seismic imaging has also been used to monitor conventional reservoirs, waterfloods, CO2 sequestration, mine stability, and water influx into mines. Additional applications include geothermal systems and induced seismicity monitoring.

Many assume that the term “ambient seismic” (imaging artificial or natural seismic emissions) is synonymous with “microseismic” (imaging earthquakes with a magnitude less than 0, i.e., microearthquakes or MEQs). However, advances in the understanding of natural and induced seismic emissions and new imaging and analytical methods have differentiated these terms.

Microseismic methods typically locate MEQs by use of classical seismological methods: polarization angles and arrival times of P and S waves. Thus, the term “microseismic” implies methods relying only on MEQs, the “dots-in-a-box” long familiar to fracturing engineers and development geologists.

In recent years, research has shown that the majority of the seismic energy radiated during a fracture treatment is in seismic phenomena other than MEQs. Other emission sources include longperiod, long-duration (LPLD) activity (Das and Zoback 2013a and 2013b), long-duration signals (LDS) (Sicking et al. 2014), and fluid resonance in the fracture system (Tary and van der Baan 2012).

These types of emissions cannot be analyzed with classical methods because they do not have distinct, noticeable first arrivals or recognizable P/S wave separation. Such emissions can persist or fade in and out for minutes to hours, rather than milliseconds, and therefore cannot be classified as distinct events such as MEQs. Furthermore, there may be other seismic phenomena that have yet to be identified and categorized.

Seismic emission tomography (SET) is an alternative to locating earthquakes with P and S wave arrivals and polarization angles. It is in wide use for surface monitoring and most recently for downhole monitoring. SET focuses total trace energy by means of ray tracing through the velocity model in short time steps (on the order of 100 ms), thus imaging energy from many types of seismic emissions, including MEQs, LPLD, LDS, fluid resonance, and possibly unknown phenomena.

Each computed SET time step produces a voxel-by-voxel depth image of seismic emissions in the same way that a 3D surface reflection seismic survey produces a 3D time image. MEQs located in individual time steps are termed “proxy hypocenters” because they represent brief, high-energy events. However, they are not identified uniquely as MEQs by classical methods.
University Research and Development Steady in Industry Downturn
Authors: Betz Jack
Published: September 2016

R&D on Campus

University research and development is continuing at a steady rate, despite sustained low oil prices. For now, money allocated by the oil and gas industry in previous years is still available for many academic institutions. However, oil prices may eventually take a toll on funding if they remain low when it is time for companies to renew their existing commitments. “Next year is when we will look and see if we have our sponsors, or (determine if) some of them cannot continue,” said Manika Prasad, associate petroleum engineering professor at Colorado School of Mines. Other universities around the world are facing the same pressures and uncertainties.

University of Aberdeen

Located near the North Sea in one of the world’s major oil and gas capitals, the University of Aberdeen employs more than 150 professors working on energy-related research.

“We are not just an oil and gas school at Aberdeen, we have a very broad range of sciences being taught and worked on. So, sometimes the interaction between them produces something unusual,” said John Scrimgeour, executive director of the university’s Aberdeen Institute of Energy.

University of Alberta

For decades, operators have attempted to use buried electromagnetic coils as an alternative to steamflooding in heavy oil reservoirs, but they consume a great deal of energy and take a long time to work.

Tayfun Babadagli, who heads the University of Alberta’s Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery and Reservoir Characterization group, is leading research to make electromagnetic heating a practical process with the use of nanotechnology.

Colorado School of Mines

As the industry’s ability to create numerical models of the subsurface continues to improve, one fact remains unchanged: Models are only as accurate as the data used to create them.

Manika Prasad, associate professor of petroleum engineering at the Colorado School of Mines, started the Rock Physics and Petrophysics of Organics, Clay, Shale, and Sand initiative in 2011 to improve the accuracy of subsurface models by creating standards for rock physics and geomechanical data collection.

Texas A&M University

This year, Texas A&M University’s Crisman Institute for Petroleum Research has been shifting its research focus toward projects that will improve recovery in shale reservoirs.

The institute was founded in 1982 with the broad directive of producing advances in upstream technology. However, the industry demand for goal-based research that offers a higher return on investment has led the faculty to narrow its mission.
Using Big Data Analysis Tools To Understand Bad Hole Sections on the UK Continental Shelf
Authors: Johnston Joe , Guichard Aurelien
Published: September 2016

Management

Research and analysis show that 90% of all data in the world today was created in the past 2 years alone. Already the growth of data volume outpaces the conventional capacity to analyze and understand, and the trend is only accelerating.

This trend is also occurring in the oil and gas industry with, for example, the continued growth in seismic channel counts, integration of multiphysics information, logging while drilling, and the constant flow of information from “intelligent wells” in “digital oil fields.”

Current data analysis and interpretation approaches follow well-established and rigid workflows, which study the same small set of relationships between entities. It is common, for example, to use core data in well log analysis or wellbore acoustic measurements in surface seismic interpretation. However, core data is never used alongside seismic data. As the data is growing in volume and variety, it is overwhelming traditional methods. What business opportunities are being missed?

Big Data

The term “big data” refers to more than simply a large volume of different types of data, both structured and unstructured, with varying degrees of accuracy. It also includes a suite of applications providing solutions and analysis. But big data is really a movement. The big data approach is said to be a data- centric method adept at uncovering otherwise invisible patterns and connections by linking disparate data types. It can search and analyze all data and size with great agility and without regard to user group or project area. Examples from other fields include a retailer analysis of buying patterns and automotive manufacturers predicting faults and failures.

Large volumes of data are nothing new to the oil and gas industry. The seismic business in particular has been successfully dealing with rapidly increasing volumes for a long time. For example, work by seismic equipment manufacturer Sercel suggests the channel count available for acquiring a seismic survey has been steadily increasing by one order of magnitude every 10 years.
Field-Development-Plan Optimization of a Giant Field for Recovery Improvement
Authors: Wilson Adam
Published: September 2016

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 171770, “Field-Development-Plan Optimization of a Giant Field for Plateau Extension and Recovery Improvement,” by Youcef Azoug, SPE, and Harshad Patel, Zakum Development Company, prepared for the 2014 Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, 10–13 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

To optimize the development plan of a giant carbonate reservoir offshore Abu Dhabi to extend the production plateau and improve recovery, detailed sector models were used to facilitate the large number of required simulation runs. The findings from those sector models were then incorporated in the full-field model (FFM). An optimized field-development plan is proposed, involving an infill drilling strategy and corresponding injection strategy. The injection strategy includes optimization of the future target reservoir pressure, to achieve the best field performance.

Introduction

The giant field discussed here was discovered in the 1960s. It is located offshore Abu Dhabi and is one of the largest oil fields in the world, covering an areal extent of 1200 km2, with an expected operating life exceeding 100 years. To ensure effective depletion of all regions of this very large field, the field has been managed by subdividing the reservoir into smaller regions. Fig. 1 shows a plan view of the reservoir and its subdivisions. The main crestal area of the reservoir is divided into 80 patterns. A target production rate has been established for each subdivision on the basis of the oil in place in that pattern/region.

Sector-Modeling Description and Strategy

Because of the large size of the FFM, long execution time is required; 5 to 6 days are typically required for each full simulation prediction case. A large number of predictions are needed to optimize development in such a large area. Therefore, to enable many runs in less time, this study was carried out with a combination of three tools: the FFM, 2D sector models, and 3D sector models.

Optimizing Vertical Well Placement

Vertical well placement in the reservoir is critical and guided by the water movement. The objective is to choose the best layers for the maximum-reservoir- contact (MRC) horizontal-well placement to ensure the best sweep efficiency and delay water breakthrough at the producers.

Several 2D sector models were created from different areas of the reservoir to study the water movement. In both the high-permeability and the low-permeability areas, the study concluded that the best placement for the horizontal drains for producers and injectors is in the bottom layers. This placement delayed water arrival and improved oil sweep.
Technology Focus: Tight Reservoirs (October 2015)
Authors: Kalfayan Leonard
Published: September 2016

Technology Focus

When the October 2014 Tight Reservoirs feature went to press, the WTI crude oil price was at or near USD 100/bbl. When the feature was published, the price, although already declining, was still more than USD 80/bbl. And the October 2014 feature noted the fast-paced growth in exploration and development of unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs and the associated need to determine how to accelerate and sustain longer-term production. Now, 1 year later and in a very different business climate with much lower hydrocarbon prices and greatly reduced well-drilling activity, there is a shift in focus. The need to understand, develop, and implement the means to increase reserves recovery (or to produce more from what we have while at the same time reducing costs) is now the priority.

In order to accomplish these more-prudent, more-sustainable objectives, increased attention is being placed on understanding fluid-flow behavior in tight and unconventional reservoirs, on perforating and stimulation optimization, on enhanced-oil-recovery methods applicable to such formations, and on modeling and forecasting economic production profiles and field economic limits in variable price environments. Estimates of tight-reservoir hydrocarbon reserves continue to vary with uncertainty. What is known with certainty, though, is that current recovery rates are low and the upside is substantial. So, overcoming the challenges to reach more-aggressive, stretch targets in recovery and cost efficiency will be well worth the effort. The present business environment, though painful, presents an opportunity for the future. But, as always, collaboration across and among operators, technology and service providers, and academia will be necessary.

The papers featured this month provide a few examples of innovation, technology advancements, and learnings that can be applied to achieve more-sustained and more-economic production and reserve recovery. JPT

 

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

SPE 171580 A New Methodology To Forecast Solution Gas Production in Tight Oil Reservoirs by Shaoyong Yu, ConocoPhillips Canada

SPE 171826 Perforating With Deep- Penetrating Guns Followed by Propellant Treatment Yields Results in Tight Reservoirs—UAE Case Study by M.N. Aftab, ADCO, et al.

SPE 172663 Impact of Perforation- Tunnel Orientation and Length in Horizontal Wellbores on Fracture- Initiation Pressure in Maximum-Tensile- Stress-Criterion Model for Tight Gas Fields in the Sultanate of Oman by Andreas Briner, PDO, et al.