bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die Sache mit den Schlümpfen. Der Zusammenhang von Genderrepräsentation und Geschlechterverteilung im Kinderfernsehen
Authors: Götz Maya
Published: December 2019

Wie am Beispiel der Schlümpfe deutlich wird, zeigt sich im Kinderfernsehen die Tendenz, dass Männer eine Welt von männlichen Wesen mit nur einer weiblichen Figur erfinden, die dann zumeist noch in Abhängigkeit von diesen männlichen Figuren steht. Wie aber machen es Frauen, die Geschichten für das Kinderfernsehen erfinden? In einer quantitativen Inhaltsanalyse des deutschen Kinderfernsehens wird nachgewiesen, dass Frauen Geschichten für Kinder kreieren, die näher am real existierenden Geschlechterverhältnis sind, diversere Figuren erzählen, was den ethnischen Hintergrund betrifft, und eher an der Realität der Kinder bleiben. Bei den Problemlösestrategien greifen sie neben Kommunikation häufig auf Magie zurück, während Männer Kampf und MINT-Zugänge wählen.
Wie kommt Gott auf die Leinwand? Gottesdarstellungen im populären Kino
Authors: Henke Thomas
Published: December 2019

Das Kino ist einer der wichtigsten sinnstiftenden Geschichtenerzähler, Mythenproduzenten und Bilderlieferanten der gegenwärtigen Kultur. Es produziert Bilder von Mensch und Welt, Tod und Teufel, Himmel und Hölle - und von Gott. Die uralten Geschichten von Gut und Böse, Schuld und Vergebung, Sünde und Erlösung werden in immer neuen Variationen im Kino erzählt. Der vorliegende Beitrag bietet eine Orientierungshilfe in der Vielfalt der Gottesdarstellungen an und entwickelt dafür ausgehend von Filmbeispielen sechs Kategorien filmischer Inszenierungen Gottes.
Vom Abwehren zum Zuhören. Kirchenkommunikation im Wandel und neue Formate kirchlicher Kommunikation
Authors: Schützeneder Jonas
Published: December 2019

Die Kommunikation seitens der Kirche und kirchennahen Institutionen steht vor einer entscheidenden Herausforderung: Wie können Gläubige, Interessenten und Kritiker in der Gegenwart angesprochen und eigene Themen erfolgsversprechend in der Öffentlichkeit platziert werden? Während die kirchliche Kommunikation lange Zeit auf Abwehr und/oder Ignorieren von Kritik ausgelegt war, findet an dieser Stelle in manchen Bistümern ein Umdenken statt. Der vorliegende Beitrag skizziert deshalb aktuelle Herausforderungen und beschreibt anhand von drei Beispielen aus der Praxis Lösungsansätze, die dokumentieren, dass kirchliche Kommunikation in der digitalen Moderne auf neue Formate und einen konstruktiven Diskurs mit allen Gesellschaftsschichten unabhängig vom Glauben setzen muss.
Adolf Rosenberger – Motorsportpionier und Mitbegründer der Weltmarke Porsche
Authors: Havemann Nils
Published: December 2019

Adolf Rosenberger was a German-Jewish pioneer of auto racing whose biography was almost forgotten after World War II. This article describes his important role as the co-founder, managing director and fund-raiser of the Porsche GmbH. It also covers the reasons why he was pushed out of the company in 1935.
Sei innovativ, Verwaltung! – Weichenstellungen und Impulse zur Innovationsfindung
Authors: Hill Hermann
Published: December 2019

Disruptive Gefahren und neue Entwicklungen, wie die Digitalisierung, erfordern auch vermehrt Innovationen von Verwaltungen. Der Beitrag will, unter Hinweis auf aktuelle Beispiele, Verwaltungen ermuntern, innovativ zu sein. Dazu werden Weichenstellungen und Impulse zur Innovationsfindung aufgezeigt.
Was bringt, was bewirkt Open Government?
Authors: Wewer Göttrik
Published: December 2019

Die Open Government Partnership hat zuletzt einige Anstrengungen unternommen, die Zweifel zu zerstreuen, ob ein offeneres Regieren und Verwalten wirklich das bringt, was sich manche davon erhoffen. Ob man darin einen erfolgreichen Reformansatz sieht, hängt unter anderem davon ab, welche Ziele damit erreicht werden sollen, welche Maßstäbe angelegt werden und wie diese Kriterien überprüft werden. Sofern sie Open Government nicht als einen Selbstzweck ansehen, sondern als ein Mittel zum Zweck, um höhere Ziele zu erreichen, wollen die globale Plattform, die deutsche Regierung und die politischen Aktivisten, die für sich in Anspruch nehmen, für die so genannte Zivilgesellschaft zu sprechen, vordergründig das Gleiche, aber bei genauerem Hinsehen verfolgen sie doch auch unterschiedliche Interessen. Unabhängige Forschung könnte hinsichtlich der Erwartungen, Erfolgskriterien und Bewertungen eines offeneren Regierens und Verwaltens mehr Klarheit in die Diskussion bringen.
Performance Measurement für kommunale Wohnungsunternehmen aus der Perspektive des Beteiligungscontrollings
Authors: Oelmann Laura , Trumpp Christoph , Günther Thomas
Published: December 2019

Die zielgerichtete Steuerung kommunaler Unternehmen gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung. Mit einem leistungsfähigen Beteiligungscontrolling sollen die Risiken begrenzt und die Transparenz über die wirtschaftliche Lage der Unternehmen erhöht werden. Kommunale Wohnungsunternehmen sind dabei eine wesentliche Gruppe öffentlicher Unternehmen im Beteiligungsportfolio vieler Städte und Gemeinden. Die explorative Studie für 15 kommunale Wohnungsunternehmen in Sachsen entwickelt einen ganzheitlichen kennzahlenbasierten Controllingansatz. Er eignet sich für die Integration in Jahresabschluss und Wirtschaftsplan sowie für ein unterjähriges Berichtswesen. Die Leistungsbeurteilung der untersuchten Unternehmen in Sachsen weist auf strukturelle Probleme gerade der kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen hin, die sich in hohen Leerständen und geringer Profitabilität widerspiegeln. Hier ist der Gesellschafter Kommune gefordert, ganzheitliche und langfristige Unternehmensstrategien zu entwickeln. Das im Rahmen der Studie entwickelte Kennzahlenset liefert dafür erste Ansatzpunkte.
Die Wiederbelebung der Mitarbeiterwohnungsidee bei kommunalen Unternehmen
Authors: Thomas Axel
Published: December 2019

Die Deutsche Bahn macht‘s vor: Der Staatskonzern sucht händeringend neue Mitarbeiter und sieht einen Lösungsweg darin, Mitarbeitern nicht nur einfach einen Job, sondern auch günstige Wohnungen aus eigenem, neu aufzubauendem Bestand anzubieten. Einer der größten öffentlichen Arbeitgeber will eine „Wohnraumoffensive“ starten und reaktiviert ein Thema, das eine lange Tradition in Deutschland hat: die Mitarbeiterwohnung. Bis vor 20 Jahren war sie integraler Bestandteil der betrieblichen Sozialpolitik, fiel aber dem Shareholder-Value-Gedanken auch in öffentlichen Unternehmen zum Opfer. Die Unternehmen trennten sich flächenstark von Wohnungsbeständen. Das Thema wird nun angesichts des Mangels an bezahlbarem Wohnraum und steigenden Mieten neu gedacht und hat zahlreiche steuerliche und arbeitsrechtliche Facetten. Mitarbeiterwohnungen sind in der Lage, erneut wertvolle Bei träge für die Personal- und Standortpolitik einer Kommune und eines kommunalen Unternehmens zu liefern.
Debattenbeitrag: Anwendungsorientierte Verwaltungswissenschaft aus fachfremder Sicht
Authors: Schumacher Dieter
Published: December 2019

Die von Professor Tino Schuppan als Mitherausgeber dieser Zeitschrift eröffnete Debatte zu mehr Anwendungsorientierung der Verwaltungswissenschaft und zur Überwindung disziplinärer Fachgrenzen regt zu einer „Sicht von außen“ an, d.h. aus fachfremder, aber interdisziplinärer Perspektive und mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der realen Verwaltungswelt. Vor diesem Hintergrund beschreibt der Bei trag Sichtweisen und Methoden, mit denen in anderen Kontexten Erkenntnisgewinn und die Kommunikation zwischen Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft stimuliert wurden, die aber unschwer auf Verwaltungssachverhalte übertragbar sind. Der Transfer erfordert freilich einen Verzicht auf traditionelle akademische Rituale und fachdisziplinäre Akribie. Besondere Erwähnung finden Erkenntnisse und Verlautbarungen aus Nachbardisziplinen, aus den Naturwissenschaften und aus dem nichtwissenschaftlichen Literaturbetrieb.
Corporate Governance Code and Corporate Governance Implications for Business: A Critique of Nigeria’s 2016 and 2018 Codes
Authors: Ojogbo S. E. , Nwano T. C.
Published: December 2019

Corporate governance is the system by which companies are directed and controlled. Board of directors are responsible for the governance of a Nigerian company. However, the shareholders of a Nigeria company have power of oversight over the board. This power is exercised by a majority of shareholders. It is this separation of ownership and control that makes good corporate governance imperative to protect shareholders against corporate board misbehaviour, as well as to protect minority shareholders against the opportunism of corporate insiders (board of directors and majority shareholders). Even though corporate law is the primary legislation that regulates the corporation, corporate governance codes have become important corporate governance standards that helps to guide the board and promote effective managerial engagement with shareholders to promote corporate accountability. The Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria (FRCN) issued two corporate governance codes in two years - the National Code of Corporate Governance 2016 and the Nigerian Code of Corporate Governance 2018. This shows a clear intention to promote good corporate governance in the country. This essay identifies the peculiar corporate governance challenges in Nigeria, and reviews the two corporate governance codes to show how they address the peculiar challenges. The paper undertakes a criticism of the 2018 and compares to the 2016 Code and corporate governance regulations in other regulations. This criticism highlights the weaknesses in the code and the need for a review. The essay thus suggests a review of the 2018 to provide for Independent Non-Executive Directors dedicated to the interest of minority shareholders as an important first step towards providing access to corporate boards for minority shareholders, as a strategy for promoting corporate accountability. The paper concludes that since the very essence of a corporate governance code is to promote good corporate governance and accountability, any corporate governance Code for Nigeria must address the peculiarity of the Nigerian corporate environment for it to be able to achieve this purpose.
Die neue Marktinfrastruktur im OTC Derivatehandel
Authors: Weber Max
Published: December 2019

In response to the recent global financial crisis, in 2009 the G20 agreed on the introduction of a mandatory clearing requirement for over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives through a central counterparty (CCP) by the end of 2012. In this study, the author examines this new market infrastructure and its resilience in times of crisis. While doing so, he focuses on the relationship between law and financial (in)stability and adopts some key findings from academic analyses of the crisis. This reveals that the rigid enforcement of (financial) contracts in times of crisis may destabilise the financial system. As a result, the binding effect of contractual agreements such as margin calls—implemented as a safety mechanism—must be relaxed, if necessary. This situation is aggravated by the design of CCPs as they concentrate the risks of the OTC derivatives market and have thus become systemically important nodes. In addition, the author identifies reverse interests within the clearing system to the detriment of financial stability. Ultimately, he proposes the modification of the current system by integrating the CCP into a public–private partnership.
Gender Parity in Gainful Employment and Other Gender Trends in the Job Market for Recent Pathology Graduates
Authors: Shyu Irene , Johnson Kristen A. , George Melissa R. , Gratzinger Dita , Brissette Mark D. , Childs John M. , Conran Richard M. , Dixon Lisa R. , McCloskey Cindy B. , Prieto Victor G. , Roberts Cory A. , Rojiani Amyn M. , Timmons Charles F. , Hoffman Robert D.
Published: December 2019

Context.—

Gender-based barriers to equal salary, career advancement, and leadership still exist in medicine. Herein we provide the first report of data comparing the experiences of men and women seeking their first nonfellowship position in pathology.

Objective.—

To identify gender trends regarding pathologists taking their first job after training and the relationship to various demographic factors, job search satisfaction, and outcome.

Design.—

Aggregate data from the College of American Pathologists Graduate Medical Education Committee Job Market surveys (2015–2018) were analyzed across multiple domains including residency focus, number and subspecialty of fellowships completed, and extent to which expectations were met in regard to work duties, geographic preference, benefits, and salary. These data were examined in the context of assessing gender-based differences.

Results.—

Comparable results were identified in all measured outcomes according to gender. There were no differences between gender and medical school type, relocation, residency training focus, number of fellowships completed, overall satisfaction with position accepted, salary, or extent to which the position met expectations. Similarly, there were also no discrepancies between gender and the geographic region in which positions were accepted, practice setting, practice subspecialty, partnership track, length of job search, or difficulty finding a position.

Conclusions.—

Analysis from 4 years of job market survey data shows equivalent results between men and women looking for their first nonfellowship position in pathology. There were no significant differences with regard to difficulty finding a position, overall satisfaction with the position accepted, salary, benefits, or access to partnership track.
Clinical Decision Support for Ovarian Carcinoma Subtype Classification: A Pilot Observer Study With Pathology Trainees
Authors: Gavrielides Marios A. , Miller Meghan , Hagemann Ian S. , Abdelal Heba , Alipour Zahra , Chen Jie-Fu , Salari Behzad , Sun Lulu , Zhou Huifang , Seidman Jeffrey D
Published: December 2019

Context.—

Clinical decision support (CDS) systems could assist less experienced pathologists with certain diagnostic tasks for which subspecialty training or extensive experience is typically needed. The effect of decision support on pathologist performance for such diagnostic tasks has not been examined.

Objective.—

To examine the impact of a CDS tool for the classification of ovarian carcinoma subtypes by pathology trainees in a pilot observer study using digital pathology.

Design.—

Histologic review on 90 whole slide images from 75 ovarian cancer patients was conducted by 6 pathology residents using: (1) unaided review of whole slide images, and (2) aided review, where in addition to whole slide images observers used a CDS tool that provided information about the presence of 8 histologic features important for subtype classification that were identified previously by an expert in gynecologic pathology. The reference standard of ovarian subtype consisted of majority consensus from a panel of 3 gynecologic pathology experts.

Results.—

Aided review improved pairwise concordance with the reference standard for 5 of 6 observers by 3.3% to 17.8% (for 2 observers, increase was statistically significant) and mean interobserver agreement by 9.2% (not statistically significant). Observers benefited the most when the CDS tool prompted them to look for missed histologic features that were definitive for a certain subtype. Observer performance varied widely across cases with unanimous and nonunanimous reference classification, supporting the need for balancing data sets in terms of case difficulty.

Conclusions.—

Findings showed the potential of CDS systems to close the knowledge gap between pathologists for complex diagnostic tasks.
The text in the context of the Tartu Semiotic School: problems and prospects
Authors: Lotman M. Yu.
Published: December 2019

In this article, I discuss problems associated with the emergence and development of the concept of text, which is central to the Tartu-Moscow Semiotic School (TMS). The first prob­lem is the interrelation between statics and dynamics. From the perspective of classical struc­turalism, the language system is a static entity. The generation of a text, however, is a dy­namic process. Therefore, language should contain the possibility of dynamics. The TMS of­fered a twofold solution to this dilemma. Firstly, the text was assumed to have a polysemiotic nature: the verbal text is encoded not by one, but by several sign systems. Secondly, there was an idea of the activity, memory, and responsibility of the text. The two major lines of research within the TMS developed accordingly. The first one focused on polysemiotic systems and mechanisms: the theory of poetic language, translation theory, and intersemiotic interactions in various fields of biosemiotics. The second one explored interactions between the text and the discourse, the semiotics of history, ideology, etc.
The philosophy of the text as texts of philosophy
Authors: Tulchinskii G. L.
Published: December 2019

The conceptualization of the philosophy of the text requires a preliminary idea about the ways of the textual presentation of philosophy as such. At the same time, philosophical views per se are difficult to classify and systematize — at best, they are arranged by eras and cultural-ethnic factors. In this regard, it seems fruitful and justified not to build various rationalistic constructions but to take an open look at the very existence of philosophizing. From such perspectives, philosophy appears not so much a single, monolithic, and strictly ordered system as a ‘system of systems’ that are interrelated, interconnected, and reminiscent of Ludwig Wittgenstein's ‘family of language games’. Philosophy is a universal, ultimate understanding of the world, society, human beings, and their self-determination in this rea­lity. In this interpretation, being in itself appears as a text. Philosophizing as such is reali­zed in various forms of textualization, which are the focus of this article. Verbal textualization (sing­le words, paremia, aphoristics, parables, detailed plots, hermeneutic interpretations, con­ceptual systems) does not exclude visual, activity-driven textualizations and their mutual translations. Philosophy is capable of taking on diverse, dissimilar forms. It is as diversified as the paths of human self-determination, self-awareness, self-explanation, and self-justification. The­refore, the claims to exclusiveness and validity of any one way to textualize philosophizing do not seem justified.
‘Reaching out’ beyond the text: philosophical notes
Authors: Klyukanov I. E.
Published: December 2019

In this article, I define the concept of text and briefly discuss the related concepts of speech and discourse. I demonstrate how the humanities treat texts and examine the structur­al-semiotic and the hermeneutic approach. Further, I identify both the differences between these approaches and the similarities in the ways they interpret texts. I argue that the philo­sophical approach seeks to go beyond the text as far as possible without leaving it altogether and stress that the divide between the humani­ties approach and the philosophical approach to the text lies in their methods. I emphasise that language has a synthesizing role within the philosophical approach to the text. Finally, I draw attention to the ‘science of communication’, within which the message as a whole is conceptualized.
Exploring the nature, attributes and consequences of forgiveness in children: A qualitative study
Authors: Ahirwar Geeta , Tiwari Gyanesh Kumar , Rai Pramod Kumar
Published: December 2019

Researchers have unanimously suggested forgiveness to be closely linked with a host of positive life outcomes for people across all developmental periods. The scientific endeavours have largely been confined to the study of adults’ forgiveness mostly employing quantitative methods and, thus, have oversighted the study of children’s forgiveness despite its similar and noticeable relevance to their life outcomes. To bridge this gap, this study aims to explore the nature, attributes and perceived consequences of forgiveness for children. The study was carried out on full-time mothers of 4 male (5-10 years) and 4 female (4.50-9.50 years) children of the same local community. The mothers were interviewed about the nature of perceived wrongdoings, emotional, social and cognitive concomitants of forgiveness of their children. The contents of the interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim followed by their analysis by the Thematic Analysis Method. The findings showed that the children’s transgression related to their immediate and tangible realities of life. The significant others played a facilitative role in their learning phase of forgiveness. The children easily accepted their wrongdoings. Some personality attributes regulated the understanding of their wrongdoings. Moreover, children’s forgiveness was more explicit and, thus, easy to understand spontaneously. The understanding and acceptance of wrongdoings of the children were generally guided by their preferences, relationships, moods and concreteness. In essence, the children’s forgiveness evinced close links with their social, emotional and interpersonal developments. The findings have been discussed considering the current empirical findings pertaining to the children’s forgiveness and some cultural concerns. The implications and directions for future research have been discussed along with some limitations.
I am physically and personality-wise warmer when wearing round eyeglasses: Shape priming influences personality judgments and estimated temperature
Authors: Okamura Yasuto , Ura Mitsuhiro
Published: December 2019

Shapes are considered to be related to different personality traits, and particularly, in terms of metaphorical associations, the round shape has been related to the warmth trait, and the square shape to the competence trait. The present study used a pre-post design to replicate these associations. Moreover, it was investigated whether round shapes enhanced the estimation of physical warmth as suggested by contemporary debates on cross-modal correspondences. The results indicated that the round shape increased the perception of warmth (p = .004) and the square shape enhanced the perception of competence (p = .025), which confirmed round-warm and square-competent associations. Furthermore, estimates of the room temperature were higher in the round condition, compared to the square condition (p = .023). The theoretical implications of these findings and directions for further research are discussed.
Рецензия на монография: „психология на семейните отношения“ с автор наташа ангелова
Authors: Krastev Ivan
Published: December 2019

Отзивът на монография „Психология на семейните отношения” с автор д-р Наташа Ангелова представя обобщени резултати от направено от авторката научно изследване, като също се споменават и по-основните теоретични концепции, върху които се е спряла при изграждане на изследователската си концепция. Монографията „Психология на семейните отношения” е насочена към представянето на един по-динамичен подход към семейството, обхващащ както обобщаване на историческата перспектива в развитието на семейната група, така и конкретизиране на индивидуалните преживявания на членовете на семейството и адаптирането към изискванията, които тази социална група има към членовете си. Наташа Ангелова е провела четири независими изследвания с общо 1680 човека, чрез които са събрани данните представени в монографията. Проучванията са направени в период от няколко години от 2011 г. до 2017 г. Дизайнът на цялостното изследване е свързан с проучване на седем основни фактора (преживяване на самота, мотивация за афилиация, копинг стратегии, локализация на контрола, оптимизъм и негативни очаквания, времевата ориентация, справяне в конфликтни ситуации).
Age differences in aggression in Bulgarian primary school age children
Authors: Koprinkova-Ilieva Iva Ivanova
Published: December 2019

In order to study the age differences of the status of aggression from the beginning to the end of the primary school age, 244 typically developing Bulgarian children were examined with the adapted for Bulgarian population questionnaire for measurement of aggression and depression in primary school age children. The total sample was divided into 2 age groups: first graders’ group (6-8 years, Mean age = 6.99, SD = 0.189; N = 82; 42 girls) and fourth graders’ group (9-11 years; Mean age = 10.23, SD = 0.450; N = 162; 79 girls). It was suggested that age-related differences in aggression status were present in the age range considered. It was also assumed that there were some gender differences in the participants’ aggressive status. The results did not reveal any statistically significant differences between the two age groups in the mean aggression scores, suggesting no essential aggression change in this age period. As regards to the effect of the participant’s gender, some statistically significant differences between the age subgroups in the mean aggression scores were found, with the boys demonstrated higher aggression than girls, suggesting that the subjects’ sex was a factor with significant effect on the level of aggression in this age period.
Pretesting a political skill scale in a sample of teacher-leaders from polytechnics in northeast Nigeria
Authors: Salisu Bala , Awang Siti Rahmah
Published: December 2019

Although the Political Skill Inventory (PSI) is the benchmark measure of the political skill construct, the existence and frequent use of other measures suggest that the PSI fails to cover the content domain of the construct comprehensively. This study utilised the extant political skill measures in developing a robust and parsimonious political skill scale for assessing the political sensitivity of teacher-leaders in higher education. Cognitive tests, behaviour coding and respondent debriefing were conducted to evaluate a 38-item pool on political skill in a sample of 36 teacher-leaders drawn from nine polytechnics situated in Northeast Nigeria. The scale's interrater agreement was computed using Fleiss' κ statistic based on categorical data from five expert reviews. The results of our analyses revealed a 15-item Political Skill Scale (PSS) that reflects the social competence teacher-leaders need in performing the largely voluntary roles of teacher leadership. This work contributes towards contextual mapping of the political skill construct in an African setting. It also offers a new political skill measure.
The recognition of canine pain behaviours, and potentially hazardous Catch-Neuter-Return practices by animal care professionals
Authors: Bacon HJ , Walters H , Vancia V , Waran N
Published: December 2019

The assessment of animal welfare is reliant upon the application of animal- and resource-based indicators. Animal-based indicators (physical, physiological and behavioural) are considered to be more representative of an animal's welfare state but are more difficult for an assessor to interpret. In order to build a robust composite framework for the assessment of welfare of dogs (Canis familiaris) within Catch-Neuter-Return (CNR) programmes, including both resource- and animal-based indicators, it is necessary to first evaluate whether appropriate capture and handling techniques plus behavioural, animal-based indicators can be reliably assessed by staff working in CNR programmes. Results of a video-based survey of experienced dog management staff and CNR practitioners are reported and indicate that staff experienced in canine CNR are reliably able to agree on acceptable and unacceptable handling and capture techniques. However, there is only fair agreement between observers in positively recognising pain. Thus, dog welfare in CNR may be at risk unless staff are effectively trained at recognising behavioural indicators of poor welfare including pain behaviours. This paper suggests that non-invasive, visual indicators of pain, such as facial tension and body posture, may be a reliable and effective approach to recognising post-operative pain in street dogs.
The dialogic relationship between literary texts and paintings and its application to Literary Education in High School
Authors: Toutziaraki Marianna
Published: December 2019

The object of the present paper is the functional utilisation of the artistic image in the teaching of literature in Secondary Education. The proposal for the introduction of paintings to literary education is founded on Bakhtin’s principle of dialogism. The wider spirit of the theory of dialogism allows us to detach the literary text from the solitude of its autonomy, connecting it not only to other literary texts but also to other forms of art, which unfold within a particular historical and cultural context. One example of the dialogic relationship between literature and painting could be the dialogue between Kostas Karyotakis’ poem ‘We are just some…’ and Egon Schiele’s paintings, which was deployed in a teaching session for Greek eleventh graders. The teaching course, which is described thoroughly in the article, gave prominence to the dialogic relationship between the poetic text and the artistic images on a thematic, on a style and on a sociohistorical level. It also brought out the students’ role as active participants in the dialogue between the poem and the paintings and as crucial agents of the completion and the renewal of their meaning. This sample teaching has proven that the utilisation of the visual artwork material can be fully incorporated into the implementation framework of the current teaching methods of literature, can reignite pupils' own interest in the ideas and expressive ways of poetry and initiate them successfully into the fundamental issues of art in general.
N on European Cultural Heritages in Poetry for Young People (In and Out of School)
Authors: Alonso Maria Luisa
Published: December 2019

The provision of education in schools can play an important role in managing social change brought about by the varied cultural legacies of migration. Poetry can be especially well-suited to encouraging awareness, reflection and debate about cultural difference. This article reflects on ideas that could be impeding such acknowledgement in school poetry selections and teaching strategies and highlights poetry’s overlooked suitability to engage young people in the expression of cultural difference in a progressively globalized world where cultivating cross-cultural understanding and tolerance needs to be at the top of our agendas
Bartomeu de Tresbens, metge i astròleg de Pere el Cerimomiós: aproximació biogràfica i diplomatari
Authors: Ferragud Carmel , Giralt Sebastià
Published: December 2019

A biographical approach to Bertomeu de Tresbens, a physician and astrologer who worked for King Pere el Cerimoniósof Aragon and for his son infant Joan, later known as Joan I el Caçador. This biography is built on a thorough reseachbased on all documentation on him found in archives –principally in the Archive of the Crown of Aragon–, as well ason the information contained in all his astrology works. We place Tresbens in his Occitan origin and in the economic,political and social contexts of the time when he had been documented in territories of the Crown of Aragon. Thus, theman behind the most important Catalan oeuvre on astrology is brought to light. We have studied particularly his careerregarding his relationship with the monarchy and with the town of Cervera, whose local government planned to employhim as a physician. Finally, we present an original edition of all documentation found in archives regarding Tresbens usedin this paper.
A Medieval Catalan Horticultural Treatise, "Memòria de les maneres de les llaurons": Introduction, Critical Edition, Translation, Notes and Glossary
Authors: Capuano Thomas M.
Published: December 2019

The seven known witnesses to a hitherto unpublished medieval Catalan horticultural treatise, Memòria de les maneres de les llaurons, are compared and analyzed. A critical edition is presented, with introduction, notes, English translation and glossary. In an appendix, a synoptic edition provides transcriptions of all accessible witnesses to this text.
El lai “Si bé, Fortuna, has dat lo torn”: Edició crítica del poema en català de la novel·la "Triste deleitación"
Authors: Marfany Marta
Published: December 2019

The Castilian novel Triste deleitación, written in the late fifteenth century by an author from the Crown of Aragon,includes several letters and poems. One of these poems, “Sy bé, Fortuna, as dat lo torn”, is written in Catalan. This articlepresents the poem’s annotated critical edition, which reports how it is indebted to the Catalan lyrical tradition. Writtenin an evolved form of the French lai cultivated by various Catalan poets, the poem is clearly influenced by Pere Torroella’slai “Qui volrà veure un pobre estat”, and linked to two other similar lais also dependent on Torroella’s. This edition iscompleted by a translation into modern Catalan.
Foundations and Foundation Myths of the Troubadours
Authors: Pfeffer Wendy
Published: December 2019

A review of several origin myths relating to the creation of medieval Occitan lyric poetry. We see a preference for a “great man theory” of origins, though the “great man” may be a fictional woman. Medieval and early Renaissance Occitan authors, including Uc de Saint Circ, Guilhem Molinier, and Jean de Nostredame, used differing origin myths to validate literature in a language that was perceived not to carry the prestige of twelfth- and thirteenth-century Latin or fifteen- and sixteenth-century French.
Defining Life as a Non-Essentialist Natural Kind
Authors: Soler Parra Jaime
Published: December 2019

Abstract: The increasing number of proposals to define the concept of life in biology has led some authors to consider this task useless and without sense. All sceptics base their argument on the idea that life is a natural kind with a strong metaphysical commitment. Considering this, the aim of this paper is to explore the concept of life as a non-essentialist natural kind. It is intended to highlight that complex scientific concepts are better understood from points of view that are not constrained by the rigid frameworks of essentialism and the realism/conventionalism dichotomy. 
Keywords: natural kind, definition of life, essentialism, operational definitions.
Semàntica i pragmàtica, contingut i context
Authors: Gimeno-Simó Joan
Published: December 2019

Resum: Aquest article té com a objectiu resumir els punts principals del debat sobre la divisió entre semàntica i pragmàtica. S’hi expliquen les tres principals postures dins la disputa i s’hi proporciona un esquema general per determinar quines teories encaixen a cadascuna d’elles. L’article conclou amb una breu discussió sobre la naturalesa de la noció de contingut i el seu rol al debat.
Paraules clau: minimisme, contextualisme, relativisme, contingut explícit.
 
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to summarize the main lines of the debate about the semantics-pragmatics divide. The three main contenders in the dispute are explained, and a general schema for fitting theories into each of them is provided. This article concludes with a brief discussion on the nature of the notion of content and its role in this debate. 
Keywords: minimalism, contextualism, relativism, explicit content.
B cells extract antigens at Arp2/3-generated actin foci interspersed with linear filaments
Authors: Roper Sophie I , Wasim Laabiah , Malinova Dessislava , Way Michael , Cox Susan , Tolar Pavel
Published: December 2019

Antibody production depends on B cell internalization and presentation of antigens to helper T cells. To acquire antigens displayed by antigen-presenting cells, B cells form immune synapses and extract antigens by the mechanical activity of the acto-myosin cytoskeleton. While cytoskeleton organization driving the initial formation of the B cell synapse has been studied, how the cytoskeleton supports antigen extraction remains poorly understood. Here we show that after initial cell spreading, F-actin in synapses of primary mouse B cells and human B cell lines forms a highly dynamic pattern composed of actin foci interspersed with linear filaments and myosin IIa. The foci are generated by Arp2/3-mediated branched-actin polymerization and stochastically associate with antigen clusters to mediate internalization. However, antigen extraction also requires the activity of formins, which reside near the foci and produce the interspersed filaments. Thus, a cooperation of branched-actin foci supported by linear filaments underlies B cell mechanics during antigen extraction.
Repressive H3K9me2 protects lifespan against the transgenerational burden of COMPASS activity in C. elegans
Authors: Lee Teresa Wei-sy , David Heidi Shira , Engstrom Amanda Kathryn , Carpenter Brandon Scott , Katz David John
Published: December 2019

In Caenorhabditis elegans, mutations in WDR-5 and other components of the COMPASS H3K4 methyltransferase complex extend lifespan and enable its inheritance. Here, we show that wdr-5 mutant longevity is itself a transgenerational trait that corresponds with a global enrichment of the heterochromatin factor H3K9me2 over twenty generations. In addition, we find that the transgenerational aspects of wdr-5 mutant longevity require the H3K9me2 methyltransferase MET-2, and can be recapitulated by removal of the putative H3K9me2 demethylase JHDM-1. Finally, we show that the transgenerational acquisition of longevity in jhdm-1 mutants is associated with accumulating genomic H3K9me2 that is inherited by their long-lived wild-type descendants at a subset of loci. These results suggest that heterochromatin facilitates the transgenerational establishment and inheritance of a complex trait. Based on these results, we propose that transcription-coupled H3K4me via COMPASS limits lifespan by encroaching upon domains of heterochromatin in the genome.
Vasohibin1, a new mouse cardiomyocyte IRES trans-acting factor that regulates translation in early hypoxia
Authors: Hantelys Fransky , Godet Anne-Claire , David Florian , Tatin Florence , Renaud-Gabardos Edith , Pujol Françoise , Diallo Leila H , Ader Isabelle , Ligat Laetitia , Henras Anthony K , Sato Yasufumi , Parini Angelo , Lacazette Eric , Garmy-Susini Barbara , Prats Anne-Catherine
Published: December 2019

Hypoxia, a major inducer of angiogenesis, triggers major changes in gene expression at the transcriptional level. Furthermore, under hypoxia, global protein synthesis is blocked while internal ribosome entry sites (IRES) allow specific mRNAs to be translated. Here, we report the transcriptome and translatome signatures of (lymph)angiogenic genes in hypoxic HL-1 mouse cardiomyocytes: most genes are induced at the translatome level, including all IRES-containing mRNAs. Our data reveal activation of (lymph)angiogenic factor mRNA IRESs in early hypoxia. We identify vasohibin1 (VASH1) as an IRES trans-acting factor (ITAF) that is able to bind RNA and to activate the FGF1 IRES in hypoxia, but which tends to inhibit several IRESs in normoxia. VASH1 depletion has a wide impact on the translatome of (lymph)angiogenesis genes, suggesting that this protein can regulate translation positively or negatively in early hypoxia. Translational control thus appears as a pivotal process triggering new vessel formation in ischemic heart.
Molecular structures of the human Slo1 K+ channel in complex with β4
Authors: Tao Xiao , MacKinnon Roderick
Published: December 2019

Slo1 is a Ca2+- and voltage-activated K+ channel that underlies skeletal and smooth muscle contraction, audition, hormone secretion and neurotransmitter release. In mammals, Slo1 is regulated by auxiliary proteins that confer tissue-specific gating and pharmacological properties. This study presents cryo-EM structures of Slo1 in complex with the auxiliary protein, β4. Four β4, each containing two transmembrane helices, encircle Slo1, contacting it through helical interactions inside the membrane. On the extracellular side, β4 forms a tetrameric crown over the pore. Structures with high and low Ca2+ concentrations show that identical gating conformations occur in the absence and presence of β4, implying that β4 serves to modulate the relative stabilities of ‘pre-existing’ conformations rather than creating new ones. The effects of β4 on scorpion toxin inhibition kinetics are explained by the crown, which constrains access but does not prevent binding.
Mutations that improve efficiency of a weak-link enzyme are rare compared to adaptive mutations elsewhere in the genome
Authors: Morgenthaler Andrew B , Kinney Wallis R , Ebmeier Christopher C , Walsh Corinne M , Snyder Daniel J , Cooper Vaughn S , Old William M , Copley Shelley D
Published: December 2019

New enzymes often evolve by gene amplification and divergence. Previous experimental studies have followed the evolutionary trajectory of an amplified gene, but have not considered mutations elsewhere in the genome when fitness is limited by an evolving gene. We have evolved a strain of Escherichia coli in which a secondary promiscuous activity has been recruited to serve an essential function. The gene encoding the ‘weak-link’ enzyme amplified in all eight populations, but mutations improving the newly needed activity occurred in only one. Most adaptive mutations occurred elsewhere in the genome. Some mutations increase expression of the enzyme upstream of the weak-link enzyme, pushing material through the dysfunctional metabolic pathway. Others enhance production of a co-substrate for a downstream enzyme, thereby pulling material through the pathway. Most of these latter mutations are detrimental in wild-type E. coli, and thus would require reversion or compensation once a sufficient new activity has evolved.
Talking About Sustainability in Teacher Preparation in Finland and the United States
Authors: Wiksten Susan
Published: December 2019

This article reports on empirical research findings from a case study of teacher education in Finland and the United States. A sociological perspective was deployed for investigating how the concept of sustainability was addressed in two teacher education programs. One of the programs was located in Finland and the other in the US. The study was carried out in 2015 and 2016. Seventeen semi-structured, open-ended, audio-recorded interviews form the core of the research materials. A thematic analysis of interviews was conducted for identifying articulations related to sustainability in subject-matter specialized teacher preparation. Findings from this study contribute to research on teacher preparation. Notably, by articulating how context-specific culture and social norms contribute to local models of teacher education. Findings from this study indicate that teacher training practices in Finland have encouraged students to articulate sustainability in relation to critical thinking, whereas in the US, sustainability has been articulated in relation to social justice. The key point supported by the evidence is that sustainability was by teachers and teacher educators conceptualized as being about the popularization of knowledge about ecology and biodiversity. The kind of communication that was by teachers and teacher educators described as effective for popularizing knowledge about scientific phenomena were forms of teaching that expanded on content-specific knowledge by connecting it to ethical and civic frameworks of the societies in which students live.
Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using a Mentha spicata extract and evaluation of its anticancer and cytotoxic activity
Authors: Torres-Martínez Yuridia , Arredondo-Espinoza Eder , Puente Carlos , González-Santiago Omar , Pineda-Aguilar Nayely , Balderas-Rentería Isaías , López Israel , Ramírez-Cabrera Mónica A.
Published: December 2019

In this study, silver nanoparticles (NP) were synthesized by two methods: using an aqueous extract of Mentha spicata leaves and using citrate ions as stabilizing agent, and the cytotoxicity and anticancer activity of both NP were evaluated in vitro. The particles synthesized with the aqueous extract were spherical with a size ranging from 15 to 45 nm. These NP decreased cell viability in all of the cells studied; however, the IC50 could only be estimated in the Chang liver cells (IC50 = 21.37 µg/mL). These particles also decreased the generation of reactive oxygen species in Chang and SiHa cells. Additionally, the dispersions decreased the activity of caspase-3. There was no significant difference between the biological activities of the NP obtained with the aqueous extract and the NP synthesized using citrate ions. This study showed that an aqueous extract of M. spicata is an excellent alternative for the synthesis of silver NP. These NP showed cytotoxicity and anticancer activity in vitro. Although more experiments are required, the cell death occurs probably through a mechanism different from apoptosis.
Expression and prognostic analyses of early growth response proteins (EGRs) in human breast carcinoma based on database analysis
Authors: Fei Yuchang , Yu Huan , Huang Shuo , Chen Peifeng , Pan Lei
Published: December 2019

Background

Early growth response proteins (EGRs), as a transcriptional regulatory family, are involved in the process of cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and even carcinogenesis. However, the role of EGRs in tumors, their expression levels, and their prognostic value remain unclear.

Methods

Using the Oncomine database, Kaplan–Meier Plotter, bcGenExMiner v4.2, cBioPortal, and other tools, the association between the survival data of breast carcinoma (BC) patients and transcriptional levels of four EGRs was investigated.

Results

According to the Oncomine database, in comparison to normal tissues, the expression level of EGR2/3 mRNA in BC tissues was decreased, but there was no difference in the expression level of EGR4 mRNA. On the basis of the Scarff-Bloom-Richardson (SBR) grading system, the downregulated expression level of EGR1/2/3 and upregulated expression level of EGR4 were correlated with an increased histological differentiation level, with significant differences (p < 0.05). Kaplan–Meier curves suggest that a reduction in EGR2/3 mRNA expression is related to recurrence-free survival (RFS) in BC patients. In addition, the mRNA expression level of EGR1/2/3 was related to metastatic relapse-free survival (MRFS) in BC patients with metastatic recurrence (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

EGR1/2/3 can be utilized as an important factor for evaluating prognosis and may be relevant to diagnosis. EGR4 may play a role in the occurrence and development of BC. The specific function and mechanism of EGRs in BC deserve further study.
Cochlear Implantation via the Transmeatal Approach in an Adolescent with Hunter Syndrome—Type II Mucopolysaccharidosis
Authors: Kim Hantai , An Jun Young , Choo Oak-Sung , Jang Jeong Hun , Park Hun Yi , Choung Yun-Hoon
Published: December 2019

Type II mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS II) commonly known as Hunter syndrome, is a rare X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by iduronate-2-sulfatase deficiency, which in turn causes otorhinolaryngological manifestations, including sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Previously, the median survival age of patients with MPS was approximately 13.4 years. However, in the era of enzyme replacement therapy and other multidisciplinary care modalities, the life expectancy has increased. Herein, we report a rare case of an adolescent with MPS II who underwent SNHL treatment with cochlear implantation (CI). Based on unexpected findings of mastoid emissary veins and overgrowth of the vessels around the temporal bone, CI was performed using the transmeatal approach instead of the conventional transmastoid method, to avoid damage to the vessels. The average hearing threshold after CI was 35 dB and no surgical complications were encountered. Adolescent MPS II may present vessel abnormalities, which can reduce the success rate of surgery. In patients with MPS II with SNHL, CI should be performed under careful monitoring of vessel overgrowth. Moreover, with regard to feasibility of CI in adolescent patients with MPS II with SNHL, surgical techniques such as the transmeatal approach should be selected based on adequate assessment of the case.