bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation Study for Optimization Design on Vertical Axis Wind Turbine blades
Authors: Pangemanan Arie S. , Siregar Houtman P. , Suryaman Maman
Published: March 2019

In this article is conducted research to harness wind energy which is firstly generated by vehicle / truck that is runing on the public road highway. To take advantage of wind energy of the moving truck is designed, otherwise advisor had some ideas during the proposal defense change into fixed vertical axis wind turbine. The purpose of this evaluation study is to get optimization for the design blades of the vertical axis fixed wind turbine and finding the best blades installed and angle of attack will result in highest lift/drag ratio. While other test parameters such as air pressure, wind speed and others are held constant. In this evaluation study the angle of attack are used ranging begin from 45 and until 90 degrees. Evaluation result showed that the best blades install and angle of attack that gives the best lift/drag ratio is 5 blades at AoA ninety degree. Blades diameter of the designed wind turbine are 0.35 m and the number of blades which is the best in analytical of CFD techniques in the designed wind turbine are five pieces. The speed of the wind which is used to test the blades is 8 m/s on turbine rotation 80 rpm. The evaluation study has suceeded to do parametric optimization of the turbine blades. The optimised blades have been ready to re-designed assamble with another componens of the wind turbine to construct the prototype but there some problems / handicaps during the changes the prootype of turbine from movable to fixed wind turbine. The assambled vertical axial wind turbine postponed to further be tested in order to know its performance. CFD simulation has been performed with ten different VAWT designed models. Moving mesh and fluid flow simulation have been developed in CFD software FLUENT. The findings of these numerical simulations provided pressure contour, velocity contour, C D or C L
Influence of Process Parameters on HVOF Coating Quality: A Review
Authors: Yunanto Aluisius Ganang
Published: March 2019

The application as well as study of HVOF (High-Velocity Oxy-Fuel) coating has been grown recently by many researchers. There have been several researchers approaching the HVOF parameters such as, temperature, oxygen and fuel flow, oxygen and fuel ratio, powder flow rate etc. The more researchers found the relationship between the process parameters to the quality response such as porosity, adhesive strength and oxide content. The understanding of the process parameter to quality improves the qualification process in the more efficient way and lead to the opportunity to explore the dynamic control design during the coating process. While the qualification process that involving the more robust process parameter references improve the quality assurance of the process. This paper summarises the earlier finding in order to identify the relationship of the process parameters to the output quality. It describes the important of maintaining the process parameters as part of the quality assurance. The author are now assisting the qualification process of HVOF coating and the study of the process parameters is aimed to improve the qualification process in the sense of effectively and efficiently.
Establishing a Rural School of Nursing in Lebanon: A Practical Model
Authors: Saleh Fred
Published: March 2019

Background: Rural nursing practice and education remain a difficult task to achieve in first world countries, let alone in a third world country like Lebanon. The latter sustained 15 years of civil war, followed by ongoing political and economic instability. North and South Lebanon, and Bekaa are rural sites, and are considered the most socioeconomically-disadvantaged geographic locations in the country. This includes severe shortage in Nursing practice and education. Purpose: The aim of this study is to share the experience in the provisional establishment of a School of Nursing in rural Lebanon, hoping that such an initiative would help in lessening the severity in the shortage of qualified nurses rurally, and, thus, in improving health care. Method: The model followed is based on four main pillars, namely approaching the locals, establishing the matrix, designing the curriculum, and setting-up research priorities. Each of these pillars consists of various components at different levels. Results: Approaching the locals and establishing the matrix are essentials and prerequisites for the other two main pillars. The former is time-consuming, requires well-trained human resources, and takes a big proportion of the time allocated to the project. Establishing the matrix, designing the curriculum, and setting-up research priorities are equally-important, and each has its own peculiarities and requirements that are summarized in this manuscript. Conclusion and implications: Setting-up a rural School of Nursing in Lebanon is not a privilege. It is rather a necessity, and requires careful planning and allocation of significant human and non-human resources. However, the experience is very much enjoyable, has a unique flavor, and provides the best solution for the severe shortage in qualified nurses from which the local villages suffer.
Forensic Nursing Education and Practice in Lebanon: Current Status and Future Perspectives
Authors: Saleh Fred , Ismail Nadia
Published: March 2019

Background: Civil war followed by endless socioeconomic hardships and political instabilities have taken their toll on the Lebanese people. As a result, their physical, mental, and psychosocial wellbeing have been significantly jeopardized. This has been demonstrated in the significant increase in the stress-related disorders, many of which are underreported. Mental health and forensic medicine specialists are still in low number in the country, and their services are too expensive to be approached by the people in need. As such, establishing Forensic Nursing Education and Practice in Lebanon seems to be a necessity. Purpose: The aim of this study is to survey Forensic Nursing education and practice in Lebanon. Method: We conducted two separate comprehensive PubMed and Medline searches using MeSH terms “Forensic Nursing education” AND “Lebanon”, and “Forensic Nursing practice” AND “Lebanon”. In parallel, we reviewed the catalogues and the related description of courses of the nursing programs currently offered by the various universities, colleges, technical institutions, and hospitals in Lebanon in relation to Forensic Nursing education. Finally, we reviewed the Lebanese Law for the existence of legislations governing the practice of Forensic Nursing in Lebanon. Results: Our results revealed that Forensic Nursing education still lacks in the nursing degree programs offered by the various universities, colleges, technical institutions, and hospitals in Lebanon. Moreover, legislations governing the practice of Forensic Nursing still do not exist. Conclusion and implications: Introducing Forensic Nursing in the nursing programs offered in Lebanon seems to be an urgent need. This should be followed by establishing a track in Forensic Nursing licensed practice that is accompanied by proper government legislations.
Evaluación del cambio del contenido de los constructos personales de una muestra depresiva que ha pasado por un proceso psicoterapéutico
Authors: Gonzalez Beatriz , Saúl Luis Angel
Published: March 2019

El propósito de este estudio es realizar un análisis del contenido de los constructos personales, evaluados con la Técnica de Rejilla (TR), en personas con depresión (PD).  Mediante la categorización de los constructos a través del Sistema de Categorías de Constructos Personales (SCCP), los resultados de un primer estudio indican que los aspectos emocionales son especialmente notorios para las PD. Con el objetivo de conocer el papel que la dimensión afectiva está desempeñando en el mantenimiento de la problemática depresiva se realiza un estudio longitudinal que nos permite explorar en qué medida estos constructos se modifican como resultado de un proceso terapéutico, y se realiza una comparación con una muestra no clínica (NC). Los principales resultados de este estudio muestran que no se producen cambios significativos entre la evaluación anterior y posterior al proceso terapéutico; sin embargo, si existen diferencias significativas entre la evaluación posterior al proceso terapéutico y el grupo NC. Concluimos, que la focalización de las PD en la dimensión afectiva, no parece desempeñar un papel muy relevante en el mantenimiento de la sintomatología depresiva, aunque sí se trataría de un estilo cognitivo que predispone a expresar este tipo de sintomatología.
Las Terapias de Reunificación Familiar: Un Enfoque Narrativo
Authors: Ramos Gutiérrez Ricardo
Published: March 2019

Las Terapias de Reunificación Familiar son tratamientos familiares indicados de forma más o menos imperativa a las familias que buscan el retorno de menores que les han sido previamente retirados por sospecha o evidencia de maltrato. Habitualmente la relación de la familia con los servicios es problemática y esta relación alcanza al terapeuta que es visto como una prolongación de los Servicios de Protección. En este contexto el proceso terapéutico no puede limitarse a tratar la reacomodación de las relaciones de los padres y los hijos después de haber vivido separados por periodos de tiempo habitualmente largos. El terapeuta debe incluir en su foco la mejoría de las relaciones entre la familia y los profesionales, así como la de las relaciones interprofesionales, dado que la terapia es una condición necesaria, pero no suficiente para el retorno, por lo que algunos de esos profesionales van a seguir estando presentes en la vida de la familia. Basado en un Modelo denominado Narrativo y Temático, que se desglosa en el texto, se desarrolla una Guía para la intervención que trata de tener en cuenta la complejidad de estos casos problemáticos y multiasistidos, y que se ilustra con un ejemplo clínico.
Tolerance or a War on Shadows: John Milton’s Paradise Lost, the English Civil War, and the kaleidoscopic early modern frontier
Authors: Fernée Tadd Graham
Published: March 2019

This article comprises two sections. The first analyses John Milton’s Paradise Lost in terms of the frontier dividing Providence and Chaos. Chaos is represented in violent images of the colonial world, the English Civil War, and Scientific Revolution cosmology. Providence intends to justify the ways of God in history. Milton’s retelling of the traditional Biblical Fall allegorises the 17th century Scientific Revolution, English society overwhelmed by market forces, and early modern nation-building wars. The second section analyses the English Civil War, focusing on Providence and Natural Rights. The Natural Rights defence of pluralism was the work of political refugees, attempting to curtail atrocities done in the name of Providence. Providence, meanwhile, was a political weapon, amidst new forces of capitalism, dynastic rivalry, and nationalism. This article examines Milton’s poetic visions, and the institutions and actions that characterized his political life in the English Revolution, and their interconnection.
Alice in the Wonderland of Science: Intertextual Figures in Scientific Articles
Authors: Meyers Charlène
Published: March 2019

Since numerous scientific and mathematical concepts can unsurprisingly be found in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, the book itself has been a great source of inspiration for many scientists. This paper gives an overview of how Alice finds her way into scientific articles. More precisely, it discusses intertextual figures that refer to Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland in a corpus of 29 scientific articles from disciplines including psychology, medicine or astrophysics. Results show that intertextual figures tend to be more explicit in the field of physics and medicine than those found in the field of psychology. Crucially, observations show that intertextual figures found in the collected scientific articles serve different purposes depending on the discipline that makes use of them.
Rethinking Inversion in English Syntax
Authors: Boyadzhieva Ellie
Published: March 2019

The article deals with some internal theoretical controversies in the concept and the use of the term inversion in English syntax as used in some descriptive and most pedagogical grammars of Modern English. The analysis focuses mainly on the formation of interrogative and emphatic negative structures in English by applying some basic concepts of generative grammar. The aim of the analysis is to explain the transposition of the subject and the verbal predicate by following the Occam Razor' s principle of scientific description requiring the employment of a minimal number of principles and technicalities in the course of analysis which results in higher explanatory adequacy. This aim is achieved through the application of the terms operator and operator fronting in the cases of both obligatory and reversive inversion. The obligatory visualization of the operator in a series of syntactic structures is also discussed and a general rule is formulated.
Female 'Weight' in the Nigerian Fiction: Iyayi's ‘Violence’ and Ibezute's ‘Dance of Horror’
Authors: Okereke Emmanuel
Published: March 2019

This article is a masculinist examination of Festus Iyayi’s Violence and Chukwuma Ibezute’s Dance of Horror. The article despises the ideological stance of some feminists – that women are unfairly treated in society and in literature by men. It explores women’s relationship with men and contends that every woman is in control of her man and society around her. The article shows how women use marriage, love, sex, their body, social status, kitchen and cradle influence to hold men to ransom. The article, however, recommends that men should not act on their women’s unverifiable and manipulative claims. In all, the article concludes that women are oppressive and exploitative to men.
The graduation paper in Translation Studies: Nuances of critical thinking
Authors: Bobăilă Iulia , Mihăescu Manuela , Pelea Alina
Published: March 2019

Critical thinking skills play a vital role in a knowledge society and have a direct influence on the quality of teaching and learning. We aim at highlighting the way in which the graduation paper in Translation Studies can become an excellent opportunity to encourage students to test the applicability of key concepts from this field and to tackle research systematically. Based on our experience of supervising graduation papers on translation studies-related topics, we have identified students’ typical approaches and recurring difficulties. This allows us to suggest possible solutions for the problems encountered, depending on each stage of the process. Our purpose as supervisors is to endow students with the cognitive flexibility they need in order to draw up an adequate research plan, use translation assessment criteria creatively and hone their critical skills for future real-life situations.
Academic teaching in Translation and Interpreting in Russia: Student expectations and market reality
Authors: Malenova Evgeniya
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study is to develop a framework for translator and interpreter competence in an ever-changing professional environment and provide recommendations to improve academic teaching in translation and interpreting in Russian universities in order to meet the needs of the language industry. To this end, the author discusses the results of three surveys carried out in 2017-2018. In the first survey, chief executives and vendor managers of major Russian translation companies share their experience of hiring university graduates. In the second survey, young professionals entering the Russian translation and interpreting market reflect on their university experience versus the expectations they had when enrolling in translation and interpreting programs. In the third survey, teachers of translation and interpreting from Russian universities reflect on existing academic programs in translation and interpreting.
FORMATION OF UNIVERSALITIES OF THE EDUCATIONAL AND HUMANITARIAN DISCOURSE OF THE INFORMATION SOCIETY: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL DIMENTIONS
Authors: Chernykh Tatyana
Published: March 2019

The essence of the methodological principles that help formulate educational and humanitarian discourse is found and explanation of the construct of “educational and humanitarian discourse”, its orientation under the conditions of the information society is explained. The universals of the educational and humanitarian discourse of the information society are revealed, namely search for meaning in all spheres of life, intercultural interaction and communicative process of the information society. Scientific novelty of the research is that the analysis of the humanitarian culture as one of the universals of educational and humanitarian discourse is presented. The universals of the “multidimensionality of the humanitarian culture”, as well as the interdependence and interrelation representing the multidimensional person, who lives in the multidimensional world of the information society, are analyzed.
GPs’ perspectives on colorectal cancer screening and their potential influence on FIT-positive patients: an exploratory qualitative study from a Dutch context
Authors: Bertels Lucinda , van der Heijden Sientje , Hoogsteyns Maartje , Dekker Evelien , van Asselt Kristel , van Weert Henk , Knottnerus Bart
Published: March 2019

Background

In the Dutch colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programme, individuals receive a faecal immunochemical test (FIT) to do at home. After a positive FIT result, a follow-up colonoscopy is recommended to identify CRC or advanced adenomas (AA). GPs may influence their patients’ decisions on adherence to follow-up by colonoscopy.

Aim

To explore GPs’ perspectives on the CRC screening programme and their potential influence on FIT-positive patients to follow up with the recommended colonoscopy.

Design & setting

Semi-structured interviews among GPs in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Method

GPs were approached using purposive sampling. Analysis was performed on 11 interviews using open coding and constant comparison.

Results

All interviewed GPs would recommend FIT-positive patients without obvious contraindications to adhere to a follow-up colonoscopy. If patients were likely to be distressed by a positive FIT result, most GPs described using reassurance strategies emphasising a low cancer probability. Most GPs stressed the probability of false-positive FIT results. Some described taking a positive screening result in CRC screening less seriously than one in breast cancer screening. Most GPs underestimated CRC and AA probabilities after a positive FIT result. When told the actual probabilities, some stated that this knowledge might change the way they would inform patients.

Conclusion

These results imply that some of the interviewed GPs have too low a perception of the risk associated with a positive FIT result, which might influence their patients’ decision-making. Simply informing GPs about the actual rates of CRC and AA found in the screening programme might improve this risk perception.
Effectiveness of delivering integrated COPD care at public healthcare facilities: a cluster randomised trial in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Muhammad Amir , Khan Nida , Walley John D , Khan Muhammad Ahmar , Hicks Joseph , Ahmed Maqsood , Sheikh Faisal Imtiaz , Ali Muhammad , Manzoor Farooq , Khan Haroon Jehangir
Published: March 2019

Background

In Pakistan chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) prevalence is 2.1% in adults aged >40 years. Despite being a health policy focus, integrated COPD care has remained neglected, with wide variation in practice.

Aim

To assess whether enhanced care at public health facilities resulted in better control of COPD, treatment adherence, and smoking cessation.

Design & setting

A two-arm cluster randomised controlled trial was undertaken in 30 public health facilities (23 primary and 7 secondary), across three districts of Punjab, between October 2014–December 2016. Both arms had enhanced diagnosis and patient recording processes. Intervention facilities also had clinical care guides; drugs for COPD; patient education flipcharts; associated staff training; and mobile phone follow-up.

Method

Facilities were randomised in a 1:1 ratio (sealed envelope independent lottery method), and 159 intervention and 154 control patients were recruited. The eligibility criteria were as follows: diagnosed with COPD, aged ≥18 years, and living in the catchment area. The primary outcome was change in BODE (Body mass index, airway Obstruction, Dyspnoea, Exercise capacity) index score from baseline to final follow-up visit. Staff and patients were not blinded.

Results

Six-month primary outcomes were available for 147/159 (92.5%) intervention and 141/154 (91.6%) control participants (all clusters). The primary outcome results cluster-level analysis were as follows: mean intervention outcome = -1.67 (95% confidence intervals [CI] = -2.18 to -1.16); mean control outcome = -0.66 (95% CI = -1.09 to -0.22); and covariate-adjusted mean intervention–control difference = -0.96 (95% CI = -1.49 to -0.44; P = 0.001).

Conclusion

The findings of this trial and a separate process evaluation study support the scaling of this integrated COPD care package at primary and secondary level public health facilities in Pakistan and similar settings.
Sterol 12α-Hydroxylase Aggravates Dyslipidemia by Activating the Ceramide/mTORC1/SREBP-1C Pathway via FGF21 and FGF15
Authors: Pathak Preeti , Chiang John Y. L.
Published: March 2019

Sterol 12α-hydroxylase (CYP8B1) is required for the synthesis of cholic acid in the classic bile acid synthesis pathway and plays a role in dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. However, the mechanism of the involvement of Cyp8b1 in dyslipidemia and insulin resistance is not known.
CYP8B1 mRNA and protein expression are elevated in diabetic and obese (db/db) mouse liver. In this study adenovirus-mediated transduction of CYP8B1 was used to study the effect of Cyp8b1 on lipid metabolism in mice. Results show that Ad-Cyp8b1 increased 12α-hydroxylated bile acids
and induced sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (Srebp-1c)-mediated lipogenic gene expression. Interestingly, Ad-Cyp8b1 increased ceramide synthesis and activated hepatic mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-p70S6K signaling cascade and inhibited AKT/insulin signaling
in mice. Ad-Cyp8b1 increased free fatty acid uptake into mouse primary hepatocytes. Ceramides stimulated S6K phosphorylation in both mouse and human primary hepatocytes. In high-fat diet-fed mice, Ad-Cyp8b1 reduced fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), activated intestinal farnesoid X receptor
(FXR) target gene expression, increased serum ceramides, VLDL secretion, and LDL cholesterol. In high-fat diet-induced obese (DIO) mice, Cyp8b1 ablation by adenovirus-mediated shRNA improved oral glucose tolerance, increased FGF21, and reduced liver triglycerides, inflammatory cytokine expression,
nuclear localization of Srebp-1c and phosphorylation of S6K. In conclusion, this study unveiled a novel mechanism linking CYP8B1 to ceramide synthesis and mTORC1 signaling in dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, via intestinal FXR-mediated induction of FGF15 and liver FGF21. Reducing cholic
acid synthesis may be a potential therapeutic strategy to treat dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Observations of the Ultraviolet-bright Star Barnard 29 in the Globular Cluster M13 (NGC 6205)
Authors: Dixon William V. , Chayer Pierre , Reid I. N. , Miller Bertolami Marcelo Miguel
Published: March 2019

We have analyzed spectra from FUSE, COS, GHRS, and Keck HIRES of the UV-bright star Barnard 29 in M13 (NGC 6205). By comparing the photospheric abundances derived from multiple ionization states of C, N, O, Si, and S, we infer an effective temperature

 = 21,400 ± 400 K. Balmer-line fits yield a surface gravity

 = 3.10 ± 0.03. We derive photospheric abundances of He, C, N, O, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar, Ti, Cr, Fe, Ni, and Ge. Barnard 29 exhibits an abundance pattern typical of the first-generation stars in M13, enhanced in oxygen and depleted in aluminum. An underabundance of C and an overabundance of N suggest that the star experienced nonconvective mixing on the red giant branch (RGB). We see no evidence of significant chemical evolution since the star left the RGB; in particular, it did not undergo third dredge-up. Previous workers found that the star’s far-UV spectra yield an iron abundance about 0.5 dex lower than its optical spectrum, but the iron abundances derived from all of our spectra are consistent with the cluster value. We attribute this difference to our use of model atmospheres without microturbulence, which is ruled out by careful fits to optical absorption features. We derive a mass M
*/M
⊙ = 0.45–0.55 and luminosity

 = 3.26–3.35. Comparison with stellar-evolution models suggests that Barnard 29 evolved from a zero-age horizontal branch star of mass M
*/M
⊙ between 0.50 and 0.55, near the boundary between the extreme and blue horizontal branches.
Subpercent Photometry: Faint DA White Dwarf Spectrophotometric Standards for Astrophysical Observatories
Authors: Narayan Gautham , Matheson Thomas , Saha Abhijit , Axelrod Tim , Calamida Annalisa , Olszewski Edward , Claver Jenna , Mandel Kaisey S. , Bohlin Ralph C. , Holberg Jay B. , Deustua Susana , Rest Armin , Stubbs Christopher W. , Shanahan Clare E. , Vaz Amali L. , Zenteno Alfredo , Strampelli Giovanni , Hubeny Ivan , Points Sean , Sabbi Elena , Mackenty John
Published: March 2019

We have established a network of 19 faint (16.5 mag < V < 19 mag) northern and equatorial DA white dwarfs (WDs) as spectrophotometric standards for present and future wide-field observatories. Our analysis infers spectral energy distribution (SED) models for the stars that are tied to the three CALSPEC primary standards. Our SED models are consistent with panchromatic Hubble Space Telescope photometry to better than 1%. The excellent agreement between observations and models validates the use of non-LTE DA WD atmospheres extinguished by interstellar dust as accurate spectrophotometric references. Our standards are accessible from both hemispheres and suitable for ground- and space-based observatories covering the ultraviolet to the near-infrared. The high precision of these faint sources makes our network of standards ideally suited for any experiment that has very stringent requirements on flux calibration, such as studies of dark energy using the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope and the Wide-field Infrared Survey Telescope.
A Second Galaxy Missing Dark Matter in the NGC 1052 Group
Authors: van Dokkum Pieter , Danieli Shany , Abraham Roberto , Conroy Charlie , Romanowsky Aaron J.
Published: March 2019

The ultra-diffuse galaxy NGC1052-DF2 has a very low velocity dispersion, indicating that it has little or no dark matter. Here we report the discovery of a second galaxy in this class, residing in the same group. NGC1052-DF4 closely resembles NGC1052-DF2 in terms of its size, surface brightness, and morphology; has a similar distance of

; and also has a population of luminous globular clusters extending out to

from the center of the galaxy. Accurate radial velocities of the diffuse galaxy light and seven of the globular clusters were obtained with the Low Resolution Imaging Spectrograph on the Keck I telescope. The velocity of the diffuse light is identical to the median velocity of the clusters,

, and close to the central velocity of the NGC 1052 group. The rms spread of the globular cluster velocities is very small at

. Taking observational uncertainties into account we determine an intrinsic velocity dispersion of

, consistent with the expected value from the stars alone (

) and lower than expected from a standard NFW halo (

). We conclude that NGC1052-DF2 is not an isolated case but that a class of such objects exists. The origin of these large, faint galaxies with an excess of luminous globular clusters and an apparent lack of dark matter is, at present, not understood.
Two new species in the genus Kuvera Distant, 1906 (Hemiptera, Cixiidae, Cixiinae) from China
Authors: Luo Yang , Liu Jing-Jie , Feng Ji-Nian
Published: March 2019

Two new species (Kuverahuoditangensissp. n.andKuveralongwangshanensissp. n.) in the family Cixiidae from China are described and illustrated. The generic characteristics are redefined. A checklist to all species ofKuveraworldwide and an identification key to the Chinese species are provided. A map of the geographic distribution ofKuveraspecies is also provided.
Factors Related to Medication Self-Management in African American Older Women
Authors: Ellis Julie L. , Kovach Christine R. , Fendrich Michael , Olukotun Oluwatoyin , Baldwin Vanessa K. , Ke Weiming , Nichols Barbara
Published: March 2019

Individuals with multiple chronic diseases are often prescribed medications for each condition and thus must manage a drug regimen. Medication self-management is challenging for most individuals with chronic diseases, but it can be especially difficult for African American older women. This study investigated how medical mistrust, caregiver role strain, and other relevant variables may be associated with medication self-management behaviors (MSMB) among African American older women, and whether goal congruence and self-efficacy mediated the relationship between the predictor variables and MSMB. A sample of 116 African American older (age >50 years) women from central Milwaukee participated in this correlational, cross-sectional study. Although goal congruence and self-efficacy were not found to act as mediators, the main finding was that goal congruence, self-efficacy, and age predicted 30% of the variance in MSMB. The results suggest that it is essential to strengthen individual self-efficacy, determine the goals that individuals have for their medication regimen, and develop support mechanisms to help patients attain these goals to better manage chronic disease.

[Res Gerontol Nurs. 2019; 12(2):71–79.]
Distributed Denial of Service Attacks and Defense in Cloud Computing
Authors: Kushwah Gopal Singh , Ranga Virender
Published: March 2019

Cloud computing has now become a part of many businesses. It provides on-demand resources to its users based on pay-as-you-use policy, across the globe. The high availability feature of this technology is affected by distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack, which is a major security issue. In this attack, cloud or network resources are exhausted, resulting in a denial of service for legitimate users. In this chapter, a classification of various types of DDoS attacks has been presented, and techniques for defending these attacks in cloud computing have been discussed. A discussion on challenges and open issues in this area is also given. Finally, a conceptual model based on extreme learning machine has been proposed to defend these attacks.
Security Challenges in Fog Computing
Authors: Devi Anshu , Kait Ramesh , Ranga Virender
Published: March 2019

Fog computing is a term coined by networking giant Cisco. It is a new paradigm that extends the cloud computing model by conferring computation, storage, and application services at the periphery of networks. Fog computing is a gifted paradigm of cloud computing that facilitates the mobility, portability, heterogeneity, and processing of voluminous data. These distinct features of fog help to reduce latency and make it suitable for location-sensitive applications. Fog computing features raise new security concerns and challenges. The existing cloud security has not been implemented directly due to mobility, heterogeneity of fog nodes. As we know, IoT has to process large amount of data quickly; therefore, it has various functionality-driven applications that escalate security concerns. The primary aim of this chapter is to present the most recent security aspects such as authentication and trust, reputation-based trust model, rogue fog node and authentication at different level, security threats, challenges, and also highlights the future aspects of fog.
5G
Authors: Sharma Nidhi , Sharma Rajeev Mohan
Published: March 2019

The tactile internet works on opportunities, critical services, and skill-set transfer instead of data. The global scenario is how realistically a machine/device is going to communicate with the other machine/device. Machine/device connectivity in IoT architecture relies on scalability, signal simplification, low cost and long-term sensors for energy efficiency, and improved battery lifetime. While 5G designs are guided by increased user networking demands in the field of industrial automation, precision agriculture, and augmented reality, researchers are forced to consider the unison of new technologies instead of incremental additions to the LTE specifications.
Faces or Fingers
Authors: Kilpatrick Cynthia D.
Published: March 2019

The use of synchronous sessions in online teaching is rising. In many online courses, students attend webinars, live lectures, and other audio/video sessions built to enhance course content. As more classes move online, there is a need for research that shows the effectiveness of synchronous sessions in both content mastery and community building. This chapter compares student participation in synchronous sessions in an online TESOL methods course in an effort to build community among class members. The synchronous methods compared include video webinars through Blackboard Collaborate (face chats), events in a private Facebook group (finger chats), and synchronous instant messaging (finger chats). Discussion focuses on interaction and community building in the different modes of synchronous chat. The chapter concludes with some suggestions for best practices that can benefit teachers who are looking for ways to enhance participation and build community in synchronous sessions in online courses.
Live Sessions and Accelerated Online Project-Based Courses
Authors: Bezboruah Karabi C.
Published: March 2019

This chapter assesses the incorporation of synchronous and asynchronous instructional techniques in two project-based graduate level courses in an online public administration program. These courses are eight weeks long and taken sequentially, and have a variety of assignments requiring synchronous and asynchronous interactions with instructor and peers. It evaluates the application of synchronous instructional techniques and asks if synchronous sessions result in higher student engagement and collaborative activity. Further, the study examines if synchronous sessions matter to online graduate level students. Results indicate that synchronous sessions complement asynchronous assignments by enhancing interaction with instructor and peers, and assisting with course concepts. Students benefited from these sessions and were greatly in favor of having them. However, these sessions are challenging to schedule requiring intensive pre-implementation planning and instructor engagement. It was found that both synchronous and asynchronous techniques add value to online learning.
Online Synchronous Activities to Promote Community of Inquiry in Two Nursing Courses
Authors: Roye Jennifer , Cauble Denise M.
Published: March 2019

This chapter presents specific teaching strategies to enhance the learner experience in two online nursing courses through the use of synchronous learning activities. Online instruction often leaves the learner feeling disconnected and void of a sense of community. The community of inquiry (CoI) theory will be discussed, offering methods to increase the sense of community in the online learner. Specific exemplars will include the use of online synchronous case-based learning using pre-designed case studies and the inclusion of peer learning activities performed within a video conferencing platform.
“I Found Myself Retweeting”
Authors: Delello Julie A. , Consalvo Annamary L.
Published: March 2019

This chapter describes a mixed-method, multiple case study that examined ways in which synchronous educational Twitter chats were used, first, to enhance graduate and undergraduate university student learning, second, to build professional networks, and third, to provide a loosely regulated means to achieving self-determined professional development goals. Findings suggest that while difficult at the onset, participation in Twitter educational chats was an enhancement to students' overall course learning experience. Specifically, university students' use of chats for educators helped them achieve social presence in this virtual environment, as well as to better understand the connections between positive student-teacher relationships and K12 student learning. Included are recommendations for use of Twitter synchronous educational chats in the college classroom as well as future directions in research.
Synchronous Online Learning
Authors: McGinn Amy L.
Published: March 2019

This chapter explores graduate students' experiences with synchronous online learning at a private liberal arts university in the U.S. With the increasing popularity of online learning in higher education in the last decade, in-depth studies focusing on teaching and learning in a synchronous environment are needed. The author seeks to develop an understanding of synchronous learning from the perspective of students using the community of inquiry model to frame students' experiences. The students surveyed for this chapter were practicing K-12 teachers enrolled in a graduate program in educational technology. Because of students' practical knowledge of teaching, learning, and best practices for instruction, their experiences in online courses provide valuable information about the impact of synchronous online learning. This chapter sheds light on the learning needs of graduate students in a synchronous environment. This chapter also provides recommendations for how synchronous tools can be leveraged for maximum positive influence on student learning within a community of inquiry.
On Efficiency Rising of the Technological LED Lighting for the Floor Poultry Keeping
Authors: Gallyamova Tatyana R. , Vozmischev Aleksey L. , Khokhriakov Nicolai V. , Baltachev Vladimir G. , Ponomaryova Svetlana Y.
Published: March 2019

A method for solving the problem of the uniform LED illumination for the floor maintenance of birds is proposed. On the basis of physical modeling, the dependences have been obtained between the geometric dimensions of the poultry house and the coefficient of uniformity of illumination with the purpose of optimization of the parameters on which the energy consumption and quality of illumination depend. The method has been used to estimate the values of the optimal parameters of the functioning system. Thus, in the poultry house of 78m x 18m, four lines of LED lamps have been installed for illumination, 40 pieces per each line. With the computer calculations of illuminance, estimates of the optimal values have been obtained: the total number of LEDs is equal to 1920 and allocated over 120 lamps instead of 160 previously used, which allows predicting a fall in actual energy consumption by 25% with an irregular illumination coefficient being 1.13. Based on the developed and manufactured LED lamp, the applicability of the mathematical model has been experimentally justified.
Use of an Elastic-Damping Mechanism in the Tractor Transmission of a Small Class of Traction (14 kN)
Authors: Senkevich Sergey Evgenevich , Sergeev Nikolay Viktorovich , Vasilev Evgeniy Konstantinovich , Godzhaev Zakhid Adygezalovich , Babayev Vugar
Published: March 2019

Each modern tractor should be adapted to perform an increasing number of various traction, transportation, and other works. Therefore, their designs are becoming more complex. To improve tractor productivity, the power-to-weight ratio and the speed of its units are constantly increasing. This inevitably improves dynamic loading of the chassis and the transmission parts, the level of the generated oscillations, which increases the vibration load of the transmission. One of the promising ways to solve this problem is to introduce elastic links into the tractor transmission closer to an engine or a clutch. Installed closer to the engine, the elastic element in the transmission of the tractor absorbs the impact of the shocks, protecting the tractor engine from large dynamic loads. The material of the chapter contains studies confirming the efficiency of the use of an elastic mechanism (closer to the engine) in the tractor transmission of a small class of traction (14 kN).
Supporting Faculty in Culturally Responsive Online Teaching
Authors: Artze-Vega Isis , Delgado Patricia Elizabeth
Published: March 2019

Only recently have we begun to ask what it means for online educators to work at proactively establishing culturally responsive pedagogy and learning experiences in their online classrooms. This chapter contributes to this dialogue by focusing on upon the work of those charged with supporting faculty: faculty developers, including instructional designers. After examining the current state of faculty development in the area of culturally responsive pedagogy online and the challenges therein, the authors offer an institutional case study illustrating several mechanisms through which one substantial Hispanic-serving institution has supported faculty in this critical, challenging work. Although faculty development regarding cultural responsiveness is fraught with challenges, this chapter illustrates manners in which the intersection of online professional development and cultural responsiveness brings powerful opportunities to engage and empower both faculty and students, and shares recommendations for doing so.
Culturally Responsive Pedagogy, National Culture, and Online Instruction
Authors: Starr-Glass David
Published: March 2019

Cultural diversity is the anticipated norm in online learning environments that include international students, or which are part of international educational programs. Expressions of national culture inevitably shape the ways in which international students respond to the learning experience and perform within it. This chapter considers the roles and responsibilities of the culturally responsive online instructor in creating and facilitating online distance learning spaces that are inclusive, diverse, and supportive. It reviews a conceptual framework, derived from Hofstede's culture model, which may be useful in recognizing and anticipating national culture difference. The chapter also provides suggestions and recommendations to assist the instructor/facilitator in leading culturally different students to a place where they can learn successfully.
Cultural Diversity in Online Learning
Authors: Kumi-Yeboah Alex , Dogbey James , Yuan Guangji , Amponsah Samual
Published: March 2019

This chapter explored the perceptions of minority graduate students about cultural diversity and the challenges they face in online learning environments. Thirty-five minority graduate students enrolled in online graduate programs in education in the Southeastern United States participated in the study. A qualitative research design using interviews and observations was used to collect and analyze the data. Findings revealed four themes: (1) the need to recognize and use multicultural resources for knowledge building in the online learning environment, (2) the need for more diversity inclusion in online learning, (3) collaborative learning activities as effective instructional strategy to promote cultural diversity in online environments, and (4) the lack of multicultural contents, communications, language barriers, and culturally relevant activities hinder online learning. The findings demonstrate the need for online instructors to recognize cultural differences of students and diverse cultural experiences they bring to the online learning environments.
Strategies for Teaching Online Higher Education Courses With an Eye Towards Retention
Authors: Baron Annette , McNeal Kelly
Published: March 2019

Online courses and programs have increased in enrollment across diverse demographics due to their accessibility and flexibility. Faculty roles currently include a commitment to meeting the learning needs of a diverse online classroom in order to positively impact student outcomes and retention. Engagement and retention are fostered when online communities support culturally relevant pedagogy that includes multimedia learning and assessment, choice, and interactive, guided dialoguing where students can express their personal cultural discourse and integrate their learning with their own cultural stance.
Urban STEM Education
Authors: Huderson Brandy , Huderson Ashley
Published: March 2019

Students in underserved urban communities often lack access to educational opportunities in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math). Evidence reveals a lack of STEM access in urban environments, displaying a clear pattern impacting predominantly impoverished neighborhoods the hardest. The issue of STEM education in urban schools reflects an increased interest in expanding and diversifying the future workforce to compete in a STEM-centered future. STEM has been positioned as a critical part of urban education reform efforts and a potential vehicle to broadening participation in STEM. In various US cities, schools labeled as failing are being repurposed as selective STEM-intensive academies to build a STEM education infrastructure. In this chapter, the authors discuss the barriers associated with urban STEM education and how this underserved population is a vital vehicle to increase diversity in STEM.
Improving STEM Career Aspirations in Underrepresented Populations
Authors: Rockinson-Szapkiw Amanda J. , Caldwell Logan R.
Published: March 2019

The United States preK-12 educational system is uniquely positioned to assist elementary students, especially girls and minorities, in experiencing achievement and developing a self-efficacy in STEM, and consequently producing students who pursue STEM degrees in college and STEM careers. Thus, this chapter uses Gottfredson's Theory of Circumscription and Compromise and Bandura's concept of self-efficacy to identify barriers to STEM career aspirations that girls and minorities face in urban settings. These theories and research are also used to identify strategies for urban teachers and professional school counselors to improve elementary girls and minorities' STEM career aspiration.
Aeronautical Impact of Epoxy/Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposite
Authors: Kausar Ayesha
Published: March 2019

Epoxy resin has been employed as an important matrix for aerospace composite and nanocomposite. In this chapter, latent and essential features of carbon nanotube (CNT) nanofiller have been considered with reference to aeronautical application. Consequently, epoxy/carbon nanotube nanocomposite are conversed here for space competency. Inclusion of CNT in epoxy resin affected the prerequisite features of space nanocomposite. Dispersion of nanotube has been altered using suitable processing technique. Uniform nanotube network formation affects mechanical, electrical, and other physical properties of nanocomposite. Key application areas in this regard are flame and thermal stability, strength, lightning strike resistance, and radiation shielding of space vehicles. Further investigations to optimize structure and properties of multiscale epoxy/CNT nanocomposite are needed for future success in the field. Hence, towards the end, challenges and future prospects of epoxy/CNT nanocomposite have also been deliberated for the improvement of nanomaterial properties for aerospace relevance.