bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends in big data analyses by multicenter collaborative translational research in psychiatry
Authors: Onitsuka Toshiaki , Hirano Yoji , Nemoto Kiyotaka , Hashimoto Naoki , Kushima Itaru , Koshiyama Daisuke , Koeda Michihiko , Takahashi Tsutomu , Noda Yoshihiro , Matsumoto Junya , Miura Kenichiro , Nakazawa Takanobu , Hikida Takatoshi , Kasai Kiyoto , Ozaki Norio , Hashimoto Ryota
Published: October 2021

The underlying pathologies of psychiatric disorders, which cause substantial personal and social losses, remain unknown, and their elucidation is an urgent issue. To clarify the core pathological mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders, in addition to laboratory‐based research that incorporates the latest findings, it is necessary to conduct large‐sample‐size research and verify reproducibility. For this purpose, it is critical to conduct multicenter collaborative research across various fields, such as psychiatry, neuroscience, molecular biology, genomics, neuroimaging, cognitive science, neurophysiology, psychology, and pharmacology. Moreover, collaborative research plays an important role in the development of young researchers. In this respect, the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta‐Analysis (ENIGMA) consortium and Cognitive Genetics Collaborative Research Organization (COCORO) have played important roles. In this review, we first overview the importance of multicenter collaborative research and our target psychiatric disorders. Then, we introduce research findings on the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders from neurocognitive, neurophysiological, neuroimaging, genetic, and basic neuroscience perspectives, focusing mainly on the findings obtained by COCORO. It is our hope that multicenter collaborative research will contribute to the elucidation of the pathological basis of psychiatric disorders.
Hepatic artery reconstruction using an operating microscope in pediatric liver transplantation—Is it worth the effort?
Authors: Dziodzio Tomasz , Martin Friederike , Gül‐Klein Safak , Globke Brigitta , Ritschl Paul Viktor , Jara Maximilian , Hillebrandt Karl‐Herbert , Nösser Maximilian , Koulaxouzidis Georgios , Fehrenbach Uli , Gratopp Alexander , Henning Stephan , Bufler Philipp , Schöning Wenzel , Schmelzle Moritz , Pratschke Johann , Witzel Christian , Öllinger Robert
Published: November 2021

Introduction

In pediatric liver transplantation (pLT), hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) is associated with inferior transplant outcome. Hepatic artery reconstruction (HAR) using an operating microscope (OM) is considered to reduce the incidence of HAT.

Methods

HAR using an OM was compared to a historic cohort using surgical loupes (SL) in pLT performed between 2009 and 2020. Primary endpoint was the occurrence of HAT. Secondary endpoints were 1‐year patient and graft survival determined by Kaplan–Meier analysis and complications. Multivariate analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for HAT and adverse events.

Results

A total of 79 pLTs were performed [30 (38.0%) living donations; 49 (62.0%) postmortem donations] divided into 23 (29.1%) segment 2/3, 32 (40.5%) left lobe, 4 (5.1%) extended right lobe, and 20 (25.3%) full‐size grafts. One‐year patient and graft survival were both 95.2% in the OM group versus 86.2% and 77.8% in the SL group (p = .276 and p = .077). HAT rate was 0% in the OM group versus 24.1% in the SL group (p = .013). One‐year patient and graft survival were 64.3% and 35.7% in patient with HAT, compared to 93.9% and 92.8% in patients with no HAT (both p < .001). Multivariate analysis revealed HAR with SL (p = .022) and deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) (p = .014) as independent risk factors for HAT. The occurrence of HAT was independently associated with the need for retransplantation (p < .001) and biliary leakage (p = .045).

Conclusion

In pLT, the use of an OM is significantly associated to reduce HAT rate, biliary complications, and graft loss and outweighs the disadvantages of delayed arterial perfusion and prolonged warm ischemia time (WIT).
Seed viability and fatty acid profiles of five orchid species before and after ageing
Authors: Diantina S. , McGill C. , Millner J. , Nadarajan J. , Pritchard H. W. , Colville L. , Clavijo McCormick A.
Published: November 2021

Changes in seed lipid composition during ageing are associated with seed viability loss in many plant species. However, due to their small seed size, this has not been previously explored in orchids. We characterized and compared the seed viability and fatty acid profiles of five orchid species before and after ageing: one tropical epiphytic orchid from Indonesia (Dendrobium strebloceras), and four temperate species from New Zealand, D. cunninghamii (epiphytic), and Gastrodia cunninghamii, Pterostylis banksii and Thelymitra nervosa (terrestrial).

Seeds were aged under controlled laboratory conditions (3‐month storage at 60% RH and 20 °C). Seed viability was tested before and after ageing using tetrazolium chloride staining. Fatty acid methyl esters from fresh and aged seeds were extracted through trans‐esterification, and then analysed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.

All species had high initial viability (>80%) and experienced significant viability loss after ageing. The saturated, polyunsaturated, monounsaturated and total fatty acid content decreased with ageing in all species, but this reduction was only significant for D. strebloceras, D. cunninghamii and G. cunninghamii.

Our results suggest that fatty acid degradation is a typical response to ageing in orchids, albeit with species variation in magnitude, but the link between fatty acid degradation and viability was not elucidated. Pterostylis banksii exemplified this variation; it showed marked viability loss despite not having a significant reduction in its fatty acid content after ageing. More research is required to identify the effect of ageing on fatty acid composition in orchids, and its contribution to seed viability loss.
Psychophysiological correlates of pain resilience in anticipating, experiencing, and recovering from pain
Authors: Li Fenghua , Jackson Todd
Published: October 2021

Although researchers have documented behavioral and brain structure correlates of pain resilience, associated physiological responses have received little consideration. In this study, we assessed psychophysiological differences between high (HPR), moderate (MPR), and low (LPR) pain resilience subgroups during anticipation, experiencing, and recovery from laboratory pain. In an initial pain anticipation task, participants (79 women, 32 man) viewed visual cues to signal possible mild or intense shocks prior to receiving these shocks. Subsequently, in a pain recovery task, participants received uncued mild and intense shocks. Subjective appraisals were assessed during each task in tandem with continuous recording of skin conductance level (SCL), heart rate variability (HRV), and corrugator electromyography (cEMG). On physiological indexes, HPR subgroup members displayed significantly lower SCL than MPR and LPR subgroups did during anticipation and experiencing of pain while no resilience group effects were found for HRV or cEMG. During pain recovery, HPR and LPR subgroups displayed weaker SCL than the MPR subgroup did in the immediate aftermath of shock. However, HPR members continued to display lower SCL than other groups did over an extended recovery period. On self‐report measures, the LPR subgroup reported higher levels of anticipatory anxiety and expected pain than HPR and MPR subgroups did during the pain anticipation task. Together, results suggested higher pain resilience is characterized, in part, by comparatively reduced SCL during the course of anticipating, experiencing and recovering from painful shock.
Biocultural restoration improves delivery of ecosystem services in social‐ecological landscapes
Authors: Sena Pedro H. A. , Gonçalves‐Souza Thiago , Gonçalves Paulo H. S. , Ferreira Paulo S. M. , Gusmão Reginaldo A. F. , Melo Felipe P. L.
Published: October 2021

Increasing local people and indigenous communities' participation on restoration programs is widely recommended as a way to increase restoration long‐term benefits and local people's commitment with restored lands. Here, we demonstrate how traditional knowledge can provide crucial information on usefulness of plant species that increases direct value of forest and landscape restoration programs. Our study analyzed secondary data from 73 studies that assessed indigenous and local knowledge regarding plant's utility across the densely populated dry forest of the Brazilian Caatinga. Our results suggest that highly valued plants represent a relatively small number of useful species (52 out of 632 useful species) that account for more than half of the plant services (i.e. functional space represented by the uses people give to plants). Interestingly, these plants belonged to closely related lineages, suggesting that people must select plants based on phylogenetically conserved traits that provide utility. We propose that accounting for indigenous and local knowledge in early phases of restoration process such as species selection can both maximize classical restoration targets (e.g. species diversity) and increase delivery of ecosystem services to forest‐dependent people. Such an interdisciplinary integration moves us a step closer to ambitious targets set for global ecosystem restoration based on fair and inclusive participation of indigenous people and local communities.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐C*07:01:105 allele by two next‐generation sequencing methods
Authors: Walencik Alexandre , Calvo De Olmos Orane , Bonneville Francoise , Blanchet Gaelle , Cesbron‐Gautier Anne
Published: October 2021

The novel HLA‐C*07:01:105 allele was characterized using two next generation sequencing technologies.
MicroRNA840 (MIR840) accelerates leaf senescence by targeting the overlapping 3′UTRs of PPR and WHIRLY3 in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Ren Yujun , Li Mengsi , Wang Wanzhen , Lan Wei , Schenke Dirk , Cai Daguang , Miao Ying
Published: November 2021

MicroRNAs negatively regulate gene expression by promoting target mRNA cleavage and/or impairing its translation, thereby playing a crucial role in plant development and environmental stress responses. In Arabidopsis, the MIR840 gene is located within the overlapping 3′UTR of the PPR and WHIRLY3 (WHY3) genes, both being predicted targets of miR840* and miR840, the short maturation products of MIR840. Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function of MIR840 in Arabidopsis resulted in opposite senescence phenotypes. The highest expression levels of the MIR840 precursor transcript pre‐miR840 were observed at senescence initiation, and pre‐miR840 expression is significantly correlated with a reduction in PPR, but not WHY3, transcript levels. Although a reduction of transcript level of PPR, but not WHY3 transcript levels were not significantly affected by MIR840 overexpression, its protein levels were strongly reduced. Mutating the cleavage sites or replacing the target sequences abolishes the miR840*/miR840‐mediated degradation of PPR transcripts and accumulation of WHY3 protein. In support for this, concurrent knockdown of both PPR and WHY3 in wild‐type plants resulted in a senescence phenotype resembling that of the MIR840‐overexpressing plant. This indicates that both PRR and WHY3 are targets in the MIR840‐mediated senescence pathway. Moreover, single knockout mutants of PPR and WHY3 show a convergent upregulated subset of senescence‐associated genes, which are also found among those induced by MIR840 overexpression. Our data provide evidence for a regulatory role of MIR840 in plant senescence.
Greater trochanter osteotomy as a component of cementless total hip replacement: Five cases in four dogs
Authors: Silveira Catrina J. , Saunders W. Brian
Published: November 2021

Objective

To describe the surgical technique and report the long‐term outcome of greater trochanteric osteotomy (GTO) as a component of cementless total hip replacement (THR) in dogs with severe medialization of the greater trochanter or chronic craniodorsal hip luxation.

Study design

Short case series.

Animals

Four dogs treated with five THRs.

Methods

Data collected from medical records included signalment, indication for THR, duration of clinical signs, body weight, pre‐ and post‐operative radiographic assessment, surgical templating, osteotomy technique, THR implant selection, surgical time, complications, and long‐term clinical and radiographic follow‐up. Clinical outcomes were determined based on in‐hospital history, orthopedic examination, and radiographic evaluation.

Results

All five surgical procedures resulted in satisfactory long‐term clinical results at follow‐up a median of 48.2 months (range, 34–56 months) after THR. There were no minor complications and one major complication. One dog experienced post‐operative luxation unrelated to the GTO and was successfully treated with a cup revision.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance

GTO was effective in facilitating cementless THR in dogs with either severe medialization of the greater trochanter or chronic craniodorsal luxation.
Fractional Propagation of Short Light Pulses in Monomode Optical Fibers: Comparison of Beta Derivative and Truncated M-Fractional Derivative
Authors: Riaz Muhammad Bilal , Jhangeer Adil , Awrejcewicz Jan , Baleanu Dumitru , Tahir Sana
Published: October 2021

This study is dedicated to the computation and analysis of solitonic structures of a nonlinear Sasa–Satsuma equation that comes in handy to understand the propagation of short light pulses in the monomode fiber optics with the aid of beta derivative and truncated M- fractional derivative. We employ a new direct algebraic technique for the nonlinear Sasa–Satsuma equation to derive novel soliton solutions. A variety of soliton solutions are retrieved in trigonometric, hyperbolic, exponential, rational forms. The vast majority of obtained solutions represent the lead of this method on other techniques. The prime advantage of the considered technique over the other techniques is that it provides more diverse solutions with some free parameters. Moreover, the fractional behavior of the obtained solutions is analyzed thoroughly by using two and three-dimensional graphs. This shows that for lower fractional orders, i.e., β=0.1, the magnitude of truncated M-fractional derivative is greater whereas for increasing fractional orders, i.e., β=0.7 and β=0.99, the magnitude remains the same for both definitions except for a phase shift in some spatial domain that eventually vanishes and two curves coincide.
Enhancement of thermionic emission and conversion characteristics using polarization- and band-engineered n-type AlGaN/GaN cathodes
Authors: Kimura Shigeya , Yoshida Hisashi , Miyazaki Hisao , Fujimoto Takuya , Ogino Akihisa
Published: November 2021

Enhanced thermionic emission (TE) and conversion characteristics are observed by controlling spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization and the band diagram of n-type AlGaN/GaN thermionic cathodes. Reduction in the electron affinity and work function by the insertion of an N-polarity thin n-type AlGaN (n-AlGaN) film including tensile biaxial strain is confirmed by an ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy analysis. The obtained TE current from N-polarity n-AlGaN films grown on an n-type GaN (n-GaN) substrate is 0.29 mA at 500 °C in a Cs gas atmosphere in the vacuum gap between the cathode and a stainless steel anode. This TE current is 5.0 times and 1.6 times higher than that from the surface of Ga-polarity n-GaN substrate and that of the Ga-polarity n-AlGaN film on the substrate, respectively.
Interaction between Signal Pathways upon Formation of Plant Defense in Response to Environmental Stress Factors
Authors: Lubyanova A. R. , Bezrukova M. V. , Shakirova F. M.
Published: November 2021

In the course of evolution, plants have developed numerous specific regulatory signal pathways, which are hormonal for the most part. Phytohormones comprise not only such generally recognized endogenous growth regulators as abscisic acid, auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, brassinosteroids (BS), ethylene, salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonates but also recently described derivatives of apocarotenoids—strigolactones (SL). Signal pathways interact at the level of biosynthesis of messengers and their translocation as well as upon activation of target genes. Since abiotic and biotic environmental stressors negatively influence plant productivity, understanding of molecular mechanisms of regulation induced by stress agents may help researchers to produce stress-resistant and high-yielding plants using molecular techniques. This paper is a review of present-day literature dealing with the interaction and interference of nonhormonal and hormonal signals regulating growth and development of plants under ever-changing environmental conditions.
Effects of a lifestyle intervention programme after 1 year of follow-up among South Asians at high risk of type 2 diabetes: a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Muilwijk Mirthe , Loh Marie , Siddiqui Samreen , Mahmood Sara , Palaniswamy Saranya , Shahzad Khurram , Athauda Lathika K , Jayawardena Ranil , Batool Tayyaba , Burney Saira , Glover Matthew , Bamunuarachchi Vodathi , Panda Manju , Madawanarachchi Madawa , Rai Baldeesh , Sattar Iqra , Silva Wnurinham , Waghdhare Swati , Jarvelin Marjo-Riitta , Rannan-Eliya Ravindra Prasan , Wijemunige Nilmini , Gage Heather M , Valabhji Jonathan , Frost Gary S , Wickremasinghe Rajitha , Kasturiratne Anuradhani , Khawaja Khadija I , Ahmad Sajjad , van Valkengoed Irene GM , Katulanda Prasad , Jha Sujeet , Kooner Jaspal S , Chambers John C
Published: November 2021

Introduction

South Asians are at high risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We assessed whether intensive family-based lifestyle intervention leads to significant weight loss, improved glycaemia and blood pressure in adults at elevated risk for T2D.

Methods

This cluster randomised controlled trial (iHealth-T2D) was conducted at 120 locations across India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and the UK. We included 3684 South Asian men and women, aged 40–70 years, without T2D but with raised haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and/or waist circumference. Participants were randomly allocated either to the family-based lifestyle intervention or control group by location clusters. Participants in the intervention received 9 visits and 13 telephone contacts by community health workers over 1-year period, and the control group received usual care. Reductions in weight (aim >7% reduction), waist circumference (aim ≥5 cm reduction), blood pressure and HbA1C at 12 months of follow-up were assessed. Our linear mixed-effects regression analysis was based on intention-to-treat principle and adjusted for age, sex and baseline values.

Results

There were 1846 participants in the control and 1838 in the intervention group. Between baseline and 12 months, mean weight of participants in the intervention group reduced by 1.8 kg compared with 0.4 kg in the control group (adjusted mean difference −1.10 kg (95% CI −1.70 to −1.06), p<0.001). The adjusted mean difference for waist circumference was −1.9 cm (95% CI −2.5; to 1.3), p<0.001). No overall difference was observed for blood pressure or HbA1c. People who attended multiple intervention sessions had a dose-dependent effect on waist circumference, blood pressure and HbA1c, but not on weight.

Conclusion

An intensive family-based lifestyle intervention adopting low-resource strategies led to effective reduction in weight and waist circumference at 12 months, which has potential long-term benefits for preventing T2D. A higher number of attended sessions increased the effect on waist circumference, blood pressure and HbA1c.

Trial registration number

EudraCT: 2016-001350-18; ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT02949739.
Association of clinical competence, specialty and physician country of origin with opioid prescribing for chronic pain: a cohort study
Authors: Tamblyn Robyn , Girard Nadyne , Boulet John , Dauphinee Dale , Habib Bettina
Published: November 2021

Background

Although little is known about why opioid prescribing practices differ between physicians, clinical competence, specialty training and country of origin may play a role. We hypothesised that physicians with stronger clinical competence and communication skills are less likely to prescribe opioids and prescribe lower doses, as do medical specialists and physicians from Asia.

Methods

Opioid prescribing practices were examined among international medical graduates (IMGs) licensed to practise in the USA who evaluated Medicare patients for chronic pain problems in 2014–2015. Clinical competence was assessed by the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG) Clinical Skills Assessment. Physicians in the ECFMG database were linked to the American Medical Association Masterfile. Patients evaluated for chronic pain were obtained by linkage to Medicare outpatient and prescription files. Opioid prescribing was measured within 90 days of evaluation visits. Prescribed dose was measured using morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs). Generalised estimating equation logistic and linear regression estimated the association of clinical competence, specialty, and country of origin with opioid prescribing and dose.

Results

7373 IMGs evaluated 65 012 patients for chronic pain; 15.2% received an opioid prescription. Increased clinical competence was associated with reduced opioid prescribing, but only among female physicians. For every 10% increase in the clinical competence score, the odds of prescribing an opioid decreased by 16% for female physicians (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.94) but not male physicians (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.07). Country of origin was associated with prescribed opioid dose; US and Canadian citizens prescribed higher doses (adjusted MME difference +3.56). Primary care physicians were more likely to prescribe opioids, but surgical and hospital-based specialists prescribed higher doses.

Conclusions

Clinical competence at entry into US graduate training, physician gender, specialty and country of origin play a role in opioid prescribing practices.
Synergy betweenToxoplasma gondiitype I ΔGRA17immunotherapy and PD-L1 checkpoint inhibition triggers the regression of targeted and distal tumors
Authors: Zhu Yu-Chao , Elsheikha Hany M , Wang Jian-Hua , Fang Shuai , He Jun-Jun , Zhu Xing-Quan , Chen Jia
Published: November 2021

Background

In this study, we hypothesize that the ability of the protozoanToxoplasma gondiito modulate immune response within the tumor might improve the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint blockade. We examined the synergetic therapeutic activity of attenuatedT. gondiiRH ΔGRA17strain and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) treatment on both targeted and distal tumors in mice.

Methods

The effects of administration ofT. gondiiRH ΔGRA17strain on the tumor volume and survival rate of mice bearing flank B16-F10, MC38, or LLC tumors were studied. We characterized the effects of ΔGRA17on tumor biomarkers’ expression, PD-L1 expression, immune cells infiltrating the tumors, and expression of immune-related genes by using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, NanoString platform, and real-time quantitative PCR, respectively. The role of immune cells in the efficacy of ΔGRA17plus PD-L1 blockade therapy was determined via depletion of immune cell subtypes.

Results

Treatment withT. gondiiΔGRA17tachyzoites and anti-PD-L1 therapy significantly extended the survival of mice and suppressed tumor growth in preclinical mouse models of melanoma, Lewis lung carcinoma, and colon adenocarcinoma. Attenuation of the tumor growth was detected in the injected and distant tumors, which was associated with upregulation of innate and adaptive immune pathways. Complete regression of tumors was underpinned by late interferon-gamma-producing CD8+cytotoxic T cells.

Conclusion

The results from these models indicate that intratumoral injection of ΔGRA17induced a systemic effect, improved mouse immune response, and sensitized immunologically ‘cold’ tumors and rendered them sensitive to immune checkpoint blockade therapy.
An open-source machine learning framework for global analyses of parton distributions
Authors:   NNPDF Collaboration, Ball Richard D. , Carrazza Stefano , Cruz-Martinez Juan , Del Debbio Luigi , Forte Stefano , Giani Tommaso , Iranipour Shayan , Kassabov Zahari , Latorre Jose I. , Nocera Emanuele R. , Pearson Rosalyn L. , Rojo Juan , Stegeman Roy , Schwan Christopher , Ubiali Maria , Voisey Cameron , Wilson Michael
Published: October 2021

We present the software framework underlying the NNPDF4.0 global determination of parton distribution functions (PDFs). The code is released under an open source licence and is accompanied by extensive documentation and examples. The code base is composed by a PDF fitting package, tools to handle experimental data and to efficiently compare it to theoretical predictions, and a versatile analysis framework. In addition to ensuring the reproducibility of the NNPDF4.0 (and subsequent) determination, the public release of the NNPDF fitting framework enables a number of phenomenological applications and the production of PDF fits under user-defined data and theory assumptions.
Numerical simulation for magnetized transport of hybrid nanofluids with exponential space-based heat source
Authors: Alqarni M. S. , Waqas Hassan , Yasmin Sumeira , Muhammad Taseer
Published: October 2021

The prime aim of this investigation is to discuss the two-dimensional steady analysis of hybrid nanoliquids in the existence of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), thermally radiation and viscous dissipation effects over a linear stretchable sheet. Carbon nanotubes (SWCNT and MWCNT) with copper (Cu) are comprised in the propylene glycol-based fluid. The significance of propylene glycol-based fluid is affected under the exponential space-based heat source phenomenon. The remarkable role of propylene glycol on thermal transport of hybrid nanoliquids is influenced in the presence of temperature-dependent viscosity. The highly nonlinear governing partial differential structures are reduced to nonlinear ODEs by using suitable transformations. The transformed nonlinear ODEs of flow problem have been solved numerically by employing bvp4c (shooting) scheme with Lobatto-IIIA formula in MATLAB. The physical outcomes of involved parameters are obtained by utilizing the graphical and tabular data. The heat transport rate and the skin friction under the numerical data are also presented. From the results, we concluded that the velocity of fluid is declined for higher nanoparticles volume fraction. Velocity of fluid is declined with growing magnetic parameter. Furthermore, the temperature is upgraded with the growing thermal Biot number.
Electronic structure and electrical transport properties of MoS2single-walled nanotubes based on first principles
Authors: Yang Wen , Wang Lili , Mi Yiming , Zhong Guanghong , Ma Qiuju , Ouyang Jibing
Published: October 2021

The work theoretically calculated the electronic structure and electrical transport properties of two configurations of single-walled MoS2nanotubes: armchair nanotubes (ANTs) and zigzag nanotubes (ZNTs) based on the density functional theory and Boltzmann transport method. ANTs have an indirect one. while ZNTs have a direct bandgap structure. The Seebeck coefficient ([Formula: see text]), electrical conductivity ([Formula: see text] and power factor ([Formula: see text] were calculated as a function of carrier concentration, chemical potential and temperature using the Boltzmann transport method. The calculated power factor ([Formula: see text]) indicates that the most promising electronic properties were exhibited by [Formula: see text]-type ANTs and [Formula: see text]-type ZNTs. The [Formula: see text] of narrow bandgap (6, 6) (7, 7) (8, 8) semiconductors reached [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]WK[Formula: see text]m[Formula: see text] at room-temperature, respectively. (7, 7) nanotube have a maximum power factor of [Formula: see text]WK[Formula: see text]m[Formula: see text] at 950 K, and the maximum power factor of ANTs is almost twice that of ZNTs.
Synchronous Control Characteristics Analysis of Shield Propulsion Hydraulic System Based on Tracking Differentiator and Self-Adaptive Nonlinear PID
Authors: Li Sen , Cao Xiaohua
Published: October 2021

Aiming at the low precision problem of multi-cylinder cooperative propulsion control in different regions of shield propulsion hydraulic systems under conditions of large load changes, this paper proposes a tracking differentiator and self-adaptive nonlinear PID (TD-NPID) control method to improve the synchronous control characteristics of shield propulsion hydraulic systems. First, the working principles of shield propulsion hydraulic systems were analyzed, and a mathematical model and TD-NPID controller were developed. Then, a simulation model was developed in AMESim-MATLAB environment, and the synchronous dynamic performances of fuzzy PID control, conventional PID control, and TD-NPID control were compared and analyzed. The results demonstrated that the shield propulsion hydraulic system with TD-NPID control had better servo tracking ability and steady-state performance than the systems with fuzzy or conventional PID control, which verified the feasibility of the application of TD-NPID control for the synchronous control of shield propulsion hydraulic systems.
Vorticity-stabilized virtual elements for the Oseen equation
Authors: Beirão da Veiga L. , Dassi F. , Vacca G.
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we extend the divergence-free VEM of [L. Beirão da Veiga, C. Lovadina and G. Vacca, Virtual elements for the Navier–Stokes problem on polygonal meshes, SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 56 (2018) 1210–1242] to the Oseen problem, including a suitable stabilization procedure that guarantees robustness in the convection-dominated case without disrupting the divergence-free property. The stabilization is inspired from [N. Ahmed, G. R. Barrenechea, E. Burman, J. Guzman, A. Linke and C. Merdon, A pressure-robust discretization of Oseen’s equation using stabilization in the vorticity equation, SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 59 (2021) 2746–2774] and includes local SUPG-like terms of the vorticity equation, internal jump terms for the velocity gradients, and an additional VEM stabilization. We derive theoretical convergence results that underline the robustness of the scheme in different regimes, including the convection-dominated case. Furthermore, as in the non-stabilized case, the influence of the pressure on the velocity error is moderate, as it appears only through higher-order terms.
Generalized g-derivations on prime rings
Authors: De Filippis V. , Tiwari S. K. , Singh Sanjay Kumar
Published: October 2021

We introduce the definitions of g-derivations and generalized g-derivations on a ring R. The main objective of the paper is to describe the structure of a prime ring R in which g-derivations and generalized g-derivations satisfy certain algebraic identities with involution ∗, anti-automorphism and automorphism. Some well-known results concerning derivations, generalized derivations, skew derivations and generalized skew derivations in prime rings, have been generalized to the case of g-derivations and generalized g-derivations.
IMMEDIATE EFFECTS OF SEMI-CUSTOM INSOLES AND STRUCTURED KNEE SLEEVES ON LOWER EXTREMITY KINETICS AND KINEMATICS IN RECREATIONAL MALE ATHLETES WITH PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN
Authors: SINCLAIR JONATHAN KENNETH , BUTTERS BOBBIE
Published: October 2021

The aim of this experiment was to provide insight into the immediate influence of both semi-custom insoles and knee sleeves in recreational male runners/athletes suffering from patellofemoral pain and also to explore the association between the extent of patellofemoral pain and psychological wellbeing. Experiment 1 examined 17 male recreational runners with patellofemoral pain, in semi-custom insole and no-insole conditions. Experiment 2 examined 13 male recreational athletes with patellofemoral pain, undertaking run, [Formula: see text] cut and single-leg hop movements in knee sleeve and no-sleeve conditions. In both experiments, motion capture and ground reaction forces were collected, allowing kinetics and three-dimensional kinematics to be calculated alongside patellofemoral joint loading quantified using musculoskeletal modeling. In both experiments, patellofemoral pain symptoms were examined using the KOOS patellofemoral pain subscale and psychological wellbeing using the COOP-WONCA questionnaire. The findings from both experiments showed that pain symptoms significantly predicted psychological wellbeing ([Formula: see text] in experiment 1 and [Formula: see text] in experiment 2). Experiment 1 showed that orthoses significantly reduced tibial internal rotation range of motion (no-[Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) whilst also increasing the peak knee adduction moment (no-[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]N[Formula: see text]m/kg and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]N[Formula: see text]m/kg). The findings from experiment 2 revealed that the knee sleeve reduced the peak patellofemoral force (no-[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]BW and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]BW) in the run movement and the patellofemoral load rate in the cut movement (no-[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]BW/s and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]BW/s). Overall, the findings confirm that pain symptoms are predictive of psychological wellbeing in recreational male athletes with patellofemoral pain. Furthermore, the findings suggest that both insoles and knee sleeves may provide immediate biomechanical benefits in recreationally active individuals with patellofemoral pain, although when wearing insoles this may be at the expense of an increased knee adduction moment during running.
An Efficient Numerical Scheme for the Solution of a Stochastic Volatility Model Including Contemporaneous Jumps in Finance
Authors: Soleymani Fazlollah
Published: October 2021

The model of stochastic volatility with contemporaneous jumps is written for pricing under a partial integro-differential equation (PIDE) having a double integral and a nonsmooth initial value. To tackle this problem, first, a new radial basis function (RBF) as a convex combination of two known RBFs is given. Second, the weighting coefficients of the RBF generated finite difference (FD) method are contributed and the associated error equations are derived. To deal with the integral part, the new idea is to apply an estimate for the unknown function for every cell and do an integration of the density function. The contributed approach is competitive and reduces both the calculational efforts and elapsed time.
CatBoost — An Ensemble Machine Learning Model for Prediction and Classification of Student Academic Performance
Authors: Joshi Abhisht , Saggar Pranay , Jain Rajat , Sharma Moolchand , Gupta Deepak , Khanna Ashish
Published: October 2021

In every educational institution, predicting pupils’ performance is a vital responsibility. Due to this, a variety of data mining techniques, such as clustering, classification, and regression, are applied to anticipate the learner’s study behavior. By Machine Learning’s arrival, it has become vital to forecast students’ academic achievement, and this study attracts significant attention within the scientific community. In addition, the findings from this work have tremendous socio-economic consequences. One area of major research in the world of education today is educational data mining, which is the study of techniques to reveal hidden patterns in educational data. Data mining strategies succeed or fail to depend on the type and quality of the data that is being mined. Here, we provide a novel method that enhances the accuracy of prior student performance prediction by identifying and providing an explanation as to why it is rising. Using our robust machine learning ensemble models, we propose and evaluate a prediction model. The findings demonstrate that our CatBoost — an ensemble machine learning model — is superior to standard machine learning models with an accuracy of 92.27%. This new model was able to show itself to be dependable by the use of smote and hyperparameter optimization, which proved to be valuable methods and approaches. Additional features are significant as well. More critically, a unique method is utilized to increase model transparency. The SHAP values are a valuable part of the student performance prediction system, which we think should be integrated. For those educators tasked with using prediction models in education, we have found that there is a preference for models that offer both insightful insights and easy to understand predictions, as by utilizing our experiment the educator will be able to identify those students who are at early risk and inspire and encourage these students in a positive way.
Student Behavior Simulation in English Online Education Based on Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Wang Wenjing , Sandaran Shanti C. , Sabitha R. , Deepa Thilak K.
Published: October 2021

This article has been retracted.
Research on Enterprise Human Resource Decision-Making Technology based on Machine Learning Big Data Analysis Model
Authors: Zheng Xiaolong , Pan Li , Lu Bin , Hu Hanqing , Khurshid Adnan
Published: October 2021

This article has been retracted.
Gender Diversity in Computer Science at a Large Public R1 Research University: Reporting on a Self-study
Authors: Babeş-Vroman Monica , Nguyen Thuytien N. , Nguyen Thu D.
Published: November 2021

With the number of jobs in computer occupations on the rise, there is a greater need for computer science (CS) graduates than ever. At the same time, most CS departments across the country are only seeing 25–30% of women students in their classes, meaning that we are failing to draw interest from a large portion of the population. In this work, we explore the gender gap in CS at Rutgers University–New Brunswick, a large public R1 research university, using three data sets that span thousands of students across six academic years. Specifically, we combine these data sets to study the gender gaps in four core CS courses and explore the correlation of several factors with retention and the impact of these factors on changes to the gender gap as students proceed through the CS courses toward completing the CS major. For example, we find that a significant percentage of women students taking the introductory CS1 course for majors do not intend to major in CS, which may be a contributing factor to a large increase in the gender gap immediately after CS1. This finding implies that part of the retention task is attracting these women students to further explore the major. Results from our study include both novel findings and findings that are consistent with known challenges for increasing gender diversity in CS. In both cases, we provide extensive quantitative data in support of the findings.
Engineering Practical Lempel-Ziv Tries
Authors: Arroyuelo Diego , Cánovas Rodrigo , Fischer Johannes , Köppl Dominik , Löbel Marvin , Navarro Gonzalo , Raman Rajeev
Published: October 2021

The Lempel-Ziv 78 (
LZ78
) and Lempel-Ziv-Welch (
LZW
) text factorizations are popular, not only for bare compression but also for building compressed data structures on top of them. Their regular factor structure makes them computable within space bounded by the compressed output size. In this article, we carry out the first thorough study of low-memory
LZ78
and
LZW
text factorization algorithms, introducing more efficient alternatives to the classical methods, as well as new techniques that can run within less memory space than the necessary to hold the compressed file. Our results build on hash-based representations of tries that may have independent interest.
Extracellular Vesicles as Central Mediators of COPD Pathophysiology
Authors: Russell Derek W. , Genschmer Kristopher R. , Blalock J. Edwin
Published: November 2021

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex, heterogeneous, smoking-related disease of significant global impact. The complex biology of COPD is ultimately driven by a few interrelated processes, including proteolytic tissue remodeling, innate immune inflammation, derangements of the host-pathogen response, aberrant cellular phenotype switching, and cellular senescence, among others. Each of these processes are engendered and perpetuated by cells modulating their environment or each other. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are powerful effectors that allow cells to perform a diverse array of functions on both adjacent and distant tissues, and their pleiotropic nature is only beginning to be appreciated. As such, EVs are candidates to play major roles in these fundamental mechanisms of disease behind COPD. Furthermore, some such roles for EVs are already established, and EVs are implicated in significant aspects of COPD pathogenesis. Here, we discuss known and potential ways that EVs modulate the environment of their originating cells to contribute to the processes that underlie COPD.
Video Scene Information Detection Based on Entity Recognition
Authors: Qian Hui , Dai Mengxuan , Ma Yong , Zhao Jiale , Liu Qinghua , Tao Tao , Yin Shugang , Li Haipeng , Zhang Youcheng
Published: November 2021

Video situational information detection is widely used in the fields of video query, character anomaly detection, surveillance analysis, and so on. However, most of the existing researches pay much attention to the subject or video backgrounds, but little attention to the recognition of situational information. What is more, because there is no strong relation between the pixel information and the scene information of video data, it is difficult for computers to obtain corresponding high‐level scene information through the low‐level pixel information of video data. Video scene information detection is mainly to detect and analyze the multiple features in the video and mark the scenes in the video. It is aimed at automatically extracting video scene information from all kinds of original video data and realizing the recognition of scene information through “comprehensive consideration of pixel information and spatiotemporal continuity.” In order to solve the problem of transforming pixel information into scene information, this paper proposes a video scene information detection method based on entity recognition. This model integrates the spatiotemporal relationship between the video subject and object on the basis of entity recognition, so as to realize the recognition of scene information by establishing mapping relation. The effectiveness and accuracy of the model are verified by simulation experiments with the TV series as experimental data. The accuracy of this model in the simulation experiment can reach more than 85%.
Protective Effect of Fermented Camel Milk Containing Bifidobacterium longum BB536 on Blood Lipid Profile in Hypercholesterolemic Rats
Authors: El-Zahar Khaled M. , Hassan Mohamed F. Y. , Al-Qaba Suliman F.
Published: October 2021

The present study aimed to investigate synergistic health effects of camel milk and Bif. longum BB536 in rats with diet-induced obesity, impaired lipid profile, and hypercholesterolemia. Wistar rats received a high-fat (HF) diet plus 2 ml/day of either cow’s milk fermented with yogurt culture (CT), camel milk fermented with yogurt culture (CAT), camel milk fermented with Bif. longum BB536 (CAP), mixed cow’s and camel milk fermented with yogurt culture (CCAT), or cow’s milk and camel milk fermented with Bif. longum (CCAP). All fermented milk products significantly reduced HDL, albumin, and total protein. The percentage change in body weight gain was between −40% (CAP) and −24% (CT) and in serum triglycerides between −54% (CCAP) and −37% (CT); for the other parameters, changes caused by CCAP/CT were −40%/−22% (total cholesterol), +29%/+8% (HDL), −73%/−54% (LDL), −54%/−37% (VLDL), −52%/−14% (AST), −53%/−31% (ALT), +43%/+25% (albumin), +37%/+25% (total protein), −48%/−27% (urea), and −34%/−16% (creatinine). Camel or cow’s milk fermented with yogurt culture or Bif. longum significantly improved negative effects of the HF diet on body weight, blood lipid profile, serum proteins, liver and kidney markers, and severity of the metabolic syndrome. Milk and fermentation culture acted synergistically with camel milk and Bif. longum generally showed stronger positive effects./
Metric Dimension on Path-Related Graphs
Authors: Nazeer Saqib , Hussain Muhammad , Alrawajeh Fatimah Abdulrahman , Almotairi Sultan
Published: October 2021

Graph theory has a large number of applications in the fields of computer networking, robotics, Loran or sonar models, medical networks, electrical networking, facility location problems, navigation problems etc. It also plays an important role in studying the properties of chemical structures. In the field of telecommunication networks such as CCTV cameras, fiber optics, and cable networking, the metric dimension has a vital role. Metric dimension can help us in minimizing cost, labour, and time in the above discussed networks and in making them more efficient. Resolvability also has applications in tricky games, processing of maps or images, pattern recognitions, and robot navigation. We defined some new graphs and named them

s
−

middle graphs,

s

-total graphs, symmetrical planar pyramid graph, reflection symmetrical planar pyramid graph, middle tower path graph, and reflection middle tower path graph. In the recent study, metric dimension of these path-related graphs is computed.
Brain MRI Radiomics Analysis of School-Aged Children with Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Pu Yiwei , Li Songmei , Ma Siyu , Hu Yuanli , Hu Qinghui , Liu Yuting , Wu Mengting , An Jia , Yang Ming , Mo Xuming
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Radiomics could be potential imaging biomarkers by capturing and analyzing the features. Children and adolescents with CHD have worse neurodevelopmental and functional outcomes compared with their peers. Early diagnosis and intervention are the necessity to improve neurological outcomes in CHD patients. Methods. School-aged TOF patients and their healthy peers were recruited for MRI and neurodevelopmental assessment. LASSO regression was used for dimension reduction. ROC curve graph showed the performance of the model. Results. Six related features were finally selected for modeling. The final model AUC was 0.750. The radiomics features can be potential significant predictors for neurodevelopmental diagnoses. Conclusion. The radiomics on the conventional MRI can help predict the neurodevelopment of school-aged children and provide parents with rehabilitation advice as early as possible.
Reconfigurable Reflectarray Antenna: A Comparison between Design Using PIN Diodes and Liquid Crystals
Authors: Abbasi Muhammad Inam , Ismail Muhammad Yusof , Kamarudin Muhammad Ramlee , Abbasi Qammer H.
Published: October 2021

This work presents the design and analysis of active reflectarray antennas with slot embedded patch element configurations within an X‐band frequency range. Two active reflectarray design technologies have been proposed by digital frequency switching using PIN diodes and analogue frequency tuning using liquid crystal‐based substrates. A waveguide simulator has been used to perform scattering parameter measurements in order to practically compare the performance of reflectarray designed based on the two active design technologies. PIN diode‐based active reflectarray unit cell design is shown to offer a frequency tunability of 0.36 GHz with a dynamic phase range of 226°. On the other hand, liquid crystal‐based design provided slightly lower frequency tunability of 0.20 GHz with a dynamic phase range of 124°. Moreover, the higher reflection loss and slow frequency tuning are demonstrated to be the disadvantages of liquid crystal‐based designs as compared to PIN diode‐based active reflectarray designs.