bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Terrorism, Religious and Ethnic Intolerance Issues in the Syllabuses and Textbooks of Bengali and English Medium and Madrasha Education in Bangladesh An Appraisal
Authors: Hoque NM Sajjadul
Published: August 2014

Bangladesh, a seventh largest populous and fourth largest Muslim country in the World, is often facing the problems of terrorism, religious and ethnic intolerance. There are many cases of terrorist activities, religious and ethnic intolerance in the recent past. Like many of the post-colonial societies, various national policies were adopted towards facing the challenges of terrorism, religious and ethnic intolerance in Bangladesh. One of the most important policies was formulating National Education Policy (NEP)-2010 though there are a large number of contradictions about the implementation of the NEP. Needless to say peoples of Bangladesh are the victims of terrorism, religious and ethnic intolerance. The Author’s perception is education itself a catalyst for social change and it is a powerful instrument in the process of overcoming the problems. In other words, author of this paper believe that syllabuses and text books of both general and madrasha education streams of Bangladesh have significant role in educating people to counter terrorism, religious and ethnic intolerance. However, an attempt has been made in this paper through reviewing the current syllabuses and text books of general and madrasha education streams and also through assessing the peoples’ opinions of Bangladesh to know whether the syllabuses and text books are adequately addressing the issues of terrorism, religious and ethnic intolerance or not. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hjsa.v6i0.10715   Himalayan Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.6 2014: 146-165
Educational Status of Muslim Women: A Sociological Analysis of Kundhar, Pokhara, Kaski
Authors: Bhusal Shanti
Published: August 2014

This research analyses the educational status of Muslim women aged between 16-40 years of Kundhar area that lies in ward numbers 10 12 and 13Pokhara sub metropolitan Kaski. A total of 60 Muslim women aged between 16-40 years were purposively selected as respondents. It primarily focuses on the participation of the women in education and the obstacles they face in attaining it. Marriage and religious beliefs have been found as the main factors hindering educational achievement for these women. These factors have limited the role of many respondents to being a house wife only. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hjsa.v6i0.10718   Himalayan Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.6 2014: 203-210
The work of Lon Fuller: A promising direction for jurisprudence in the twenty-first century
Authors: van der Burg Wibren
Published: August 2014

This is a review article of Rundle, Forms Liberate and Brunnée & Toope, Legitimacy and Legality in International Law. It puts both books in perspective, in the context of a modest Fuller revival since 1994. Rundle successfully reclaims Fuller from the distorted picture that arose in the wake of the Hart–Fuller debate and argues for taking the form of law seriously. Brunnée and Toope provide a convincing account of the emergence of international law by elaborating a Fullerian framework.
Strange bedfellows
Authors: Leckey Robert
Published: August 2014

This article addresses important, neglected questions of legal craft in relation to rights challenges to legislation, especially equality claims. It considers the perspective from which to assess multiple parts of a complex scheme in a challenge under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Is the challenge best framed against the scheme as a whole – all or nothing – or against the separate parts? The framing or perspective can have serious implications for the outcome. Furthermore, a private litigant, motivated by self-interest in her individual circumstances, may frame the challenge in a way that does not advance a larger group’s interests or even harms them. To study these matters, the article focuses on Quebec (Attorney General) v A, which upheld the exclusion of unmarried couples from provincial marriage law. Adding to the existing concerns about the prominence of corporate litigants and the class biases of judges, that appeal exemplifies another type of rights case in which money talks.
2014 Guideline for the Management of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (AFib)
Authors: Haque Harisul
Published: August 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/uhj.v9i1.19429 University Heart Journal Vol. 9, No. 1, January 2013; 1-2
Platelet Distribution width is an Early Indicator of Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Pervin Silpi , Islam Md Saiful , Ferdoushi Sheuly , Hossain Mosharaf , Sultana Tuhin , Hoque Md Harisul , Ahmed Chowdhury Meshkat , Ahmed AN Nashimuddin
Published: August 2014

Objective: This cross sectional study was conducted in the dept. of clinical pathology in collaboration with dept. of cardiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) and Bangladesh Institute of Research & Rehabilitation of Diabetes Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM) to evaluate the role of platelet distribution width (PDW) in diagnosing acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Patients & Methods: A total of 142 patients were selected for the study. Of them 79 were cases (patients with acute coronary syndrome) and 63 were controls (patients with non cardiac chest pain). The cardiologist established the diagnosis by clinical examination, ECG and biochemical markers especially troponin I. A structured questionnaire was used which addressed all the variables of interest. Blood samples of the selected patients were taken to investigate their platelet distribution width level and to find its association with ACS. The blood samples was taken properly and processed in a Haematology auto analyzer within 2 hours of collection, which again rechecked manually by peripheral blood film. Statistical analyses were done using mean± standard deviation (SD), t-test, Chi-square (x2) with 95% confidence interval. Test of validity done by receiver operative characteristic curves.Result: In the present study, platelet counts were 273.1±50.15 x 109/L in patients with ACS and 290.78±74.86 x 109/L in control subjects. Platelet counts were slightly low in patients with ACS compared to control subjects. There were no statistical significant differences between the groups in unpaired t- tests. MPV was 12.48±1.17 fl and 10.45±0.66 fl in patients with ACS and control subjects. PDW was 16.23±2.56 fl and 11.89±1.42 fl in patients with ACS and control subjects. Both MPV and PDW were statistically significant between the groups (P<0.001) in unpaired t-test. Patients with acute coronary syndrome the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of platelet counts, MPV and PDW were obtained by ROC curve and compared with control subjects. The best cut off value of platelet count, MPV & PDW were >225 x 109/L, > 10.7 fl and >12.7 fl respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive value of platelet counts, MPV and PDW were 83%, 28.1%, 42.3%, 37.6%, 64%; 90.6%, 49.4%, 64.8%, 51.6%, 89.8%; and 94.3%,52.8%, 69%,54.9%, 94.1% respectively. In our study, we found that PDW had higher sensitivity and specificity in contrast to MPV. These PDW are used as predictor for early detection of ACS and risk stratification when other cardiac biomarkers are negative.Conclusion: The PDW is an early indicator to diagnose ACS and correlates with the prognosis of ACS. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/uhj.v9i1.19430 University Heart Journal Vol. 9, No. 1, January 2013; 3-8
Correlation of the ECG changes (ST segment depression with or without T wave inversion in lateral leads 1, avl. V4-V6) with coronary angiographic findings in ACS patients
Authors: Azam Mohammad Golam , Al-Baker SME , Rahman Zillur , Rahman Md M , Ahmed Chowdhury M , Benarjee SK , Ahsan Syed Ali , Siddique Abu , Aziz Mostafizul , Ahmed Nishat , Hoque Md Harizul
Published: August 2014

No Abstract Available.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/uhj.v9i1.19431 University Heart Journal Vol. 9, No. 1, January 2013; 9-12
Status of Lipid Profile among the Hypertensive Patients in Bangladesh
Authors: Reza CM , Kabir ASMA , Biswas Tuhin , Choudhury Kamrun Nahar , Rahman Md Zahidur , Hussain Deen AS , Ghosh Shantonu Kumar
Published: August 2014

Back ground: Hypertension and dyslipidemia are associated with oxidative stress and are major causes of cardiovascular disease amounting to 30% of global death rate. It is widely accepted that cardiovascular disease is associated with hypertension and increased blood levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides. In contrast, a low level of high density lipoprotein (HDL) is a risk factor for mortality from cardiovascular disease. Hypertension is a major public health problem in developed and developing countries. Methods: This study was a cross sectional study in which 159 diagnosed hypertensive patient and 75 with normal blood pressure (normotensive) were enrolled. These patients sought a through health cheek up including blood pressure assessment between May 2012 to April 2013 in Tairunnessa Memorial Medical College and Hospital. Lipid parameter total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein ( LDLc) and high density lipoprotein (HDLc) were estimated by enzymatic colorimetric test. Results: The mean of Systolic blood pressure and Diastolic blood pressure of hypertensive were higher than normotensive (p<0.001). The serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-C in hypertensive subject were higher than normotensive and statistically significant (p<0.001). Serum HDL-C was significantly lower (p<0.001) in hypertensive patients than in normotensive. Conclusion: Analytical results of the study revealed that hypertensive patients have been found to have close association with dyslipidemia. Hypertension and dyslipidemia can be modified either by proper life style changes or medical management or by the combination of the both. This study suggests that hypertensive patients need measurement of blood pressure and lipid profile at regular interval to prevent heart diseases and stroke. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/uhj.v9i1.19505 University Heart Journal Vol. 9, No. 1, January 2013; 13-17
Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Left-sided Accessory Atrioventricular Pathways at Atrial Insertion Sites
Authors: Hashem S , Hossain M , Ali MA , Chowdhury AK , Ahsan Habib SM , Khalequzzaman M , Akhtaruzzaman M , Nabi S , Choudhury TA , Sharafat NI
Published: August 2014

Background: This study assessed the efficacy and safety of techniques used to ablate left-sided accessory atrioventricular pathways at atrial insertion sites by retrograde aortic approach. Radiofrequency catheter ablation of left-sided accessory pathways by way of retrograde aortic approach can be highly successful. Methods: This study were done in the department of Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Dhaka from June 2009 and March 2010, a total 30 patients with recurrent SVT who has left sided accessory atrioventricular pathways found after electrophysiological study, underwent attempted radiofrequency catheter ablation of one or more accessory atrioventricular pathways by retrograde aortic approach. The ablation catheter was inserted into the femoral artery and passed retrogradely across the aortic valve .Once an optimal target site has been identified, radiofrequency energy at a pre-selected temperature of 55 - 60 0 C and power output set at 50 watts was delivered through the ablation catheter. Loss of preexcitation or interruption of the tachycardia within 5 seconds of RF application was considered effective and RF current was continued in this location 30 to 60 seconds. Ablation success was defined at completion of procedure as acutely successful or unsuccessful on the basis of successful elimination of all ablation targets. Results: During EP study it was found that 9 patients had concealed accessory pathways and 21 had manifest pre-excitation. WPW left-lateral pathway was present in 10 (33.3%), concealed left lateral in 08 (26.7%), WPW left posterior in 11 (36.7%), concealed left posterior in 1 (3.3%). Out of 30 accessory pathways, 24 were successfully interrupted with radiofrequency catheter ablation with a primary success rate of 80 %. The ratio of atrial/ ventricular electrogram in successful sites was 0.83 ±0.27 (0.53-1.46). There were no major complications with retrograde aortic approach. Six failed patients were ablated via transseptal method. Conclusion: The retrograde atrial insertion approach to left-sided accessory pathway ablation is very safe and high effective, especially suitable for the failed patients by using retrograde ventricular insertion ablation procedure and by using single-catheter ablation of accessory pathway. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/uhj.v9i1.19507 University Heart Journal Vol. 9, No. 1, January 2013; 18-24
Assessment of Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Complications in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Stage III-V before Dialysis
Authors: Khan MK , Rashid HU , Yesmine S , Mahmoo IH , Habib SMA , Hossain A
Published: August 2014

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease is a major public health and clinical problem throughout the world including Bangladesh. The prevalence of cardiovascular complications is much higher in patients with CKD regardless of stages than normal population. Considering this view, a cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Nephrology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, with an aim to assessing the cardiovascular complications & associated risk factors among the patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage III-V before dialysis. Methods: A total of 109 patients were selected consecutively who had a diagnosis of CKD and an estimated GFR of less than 60 ml/min/1.73m2 of stages III to V and who had not received any form of renal replacement therapy, during a period of June 2006 to July 2007. Results: The study included 63 males and 46 females with age ranging from 18 to 65 years having a mean age 45.5±12.2 years. Left ventricular failure, left ventricular hypertrophy (by ECG and echocardiography), cardiomegally by X-ray were identified as significant cardiovascular complications among the patients of CKD stage V (p<0.05). However , logistic regression analysis revealed that hypertension and CKD stages appeared to be the important predictors of cardiovascular complications p<0.05). Data analysis found that hypertension, smoking and anemia appeared to be important risk factors for cardiovascular complications in CKD patients (p<0.05) by bi-variate analysis. Conclusion: Though the study findings did not generalize the CKD patients in Bangladesh due to small sample size, however, heart failure and left ventricular hypertrophy significantly appeared to be the main cardiovascular complications in CKD stage V compared to other two stages (stage III and IV)(p<0.05). Anemia, hypertension were identified as important risk factors (p<0.05). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/uhj.v9i1.19508 University Heart Journal Vol. 9, No. 1, January 2013; 25-32
Pharmacological Therapy in Smoking Cessation
Authors: Mahmood Manzoor , Hoque Harisul , Rahman Md Mukhlesur , Zaman SM Mustafa , Salim Md Abu , Arzu Jahanara , Adhikary Dipal Krishna
Published: August 2014

No abstract.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/uhj.v9i1.19509 University Heart Journal Vol. 9, No. 1, January 2013; 33-39
Fibrinogen and Coronary Artery Disease  A Review
Authors: Ahmed Mohsin , Chowdhury Nazir Ahmed , Sofdar Gulshan , Rahman Md Zillur , Majumder Abdullah Al Shafi
Published: August 2014

No AbstractDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/uhj.v9i1.19510 University Heart Journal Vol. 9, No. 1, January 2013; 40-46
Antithrombotic Strategies in Perioperative Period
Authors: Hasan Md Nazmul , Siddique Md Abu , Banerjee Sajal Krishna , Ahsan Syed Ali , Rahman AKM Fazlur , Ahmed Choudhury Meshkat , Kabir Mohammad Faisal Ibn , Hoque Md Harisul
Published: August 2014

Antithrombotic therapy (Warfarin, Aspirin,Clopidogrel etc.) are routinely used in prevention and treatment of various cardiovascular diseases. In patients who are having a surgical or other invasive procedure, interruption of antithrombotic therapy is typically required to minimize the risk for perioperative bleeding. It involves balancing the risk of periprocedural bleeding with continued treatment against the thrombotic risk with suspension of treatment and use of bridging anticoagulation therapy. The need for bridging is driven by patients estimated risk for thromboembolism and the bleeding risk of invasive procedure. Treatment with subcutaneous low-molecular- weight heparin or intravenous unfractionated heparin at a therapeutic dose before and after the procedure recommended as bridging anticoagulation therapy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/uhj.v9i1.19511 University Heart Journal Vol. 9, No. 1, January 2013; 47-51
Pericarditis with Atrial Septal Defect with Bilateral Haemorrhagic Ovarian Cyst: A Case Report
Authors: Salekin Mohammad Serajus , Khan Omar Sadeque , Urme Sharmin Jahan , Adhikary Asit Baran , Aftabuddin Md
Published: August 2014

We are reporting a case of bilateral haemorrhagic ovarian cyst with pericarditis with atrial septal defect (ASD) in a 32 years female. Diagnosis of ASD was incidental when she was under evaluation for bilateral haemorrhagic ovarian cyst. Diagnosis was confirmed by echocardiography. ASD was closed by Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) patch. Pericardium was found full of multiple small whitish granular nodules. So pericardium was discarded as a patch. Pericardium was sent for histopathology and histopathology reveals chronic pericarditis. Postoperative course was uneventful with marked improvement of symptoms. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/uhj.v9i1.19512 University Heart Journal Vol. 9, No. 1, January 2013; 52-53
Tissue Valve Replacement for Severe Calcified Pulmonary Stenosis: First time in BSMMU
Authors: Bulbul Rezwanul Haque , Khan Omar Sadeque , Sunny Mohammad Samir Azam , Sarker Swadesh Ranjan , Nuruzzaman Mostafa
Published: August 2014

Pulmonary valve replacement for pulmonary regurgitation is a common practise. Pulmonary stenosis relief or after release of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, progressive pulmonary regurgitation leading to biventricular failure is a big problem. If early pulmonary valve replacement done by homograft or tissue valve then we can overcome this problem. In our case report we have done pulmonary valve replacement by Edward life science Tissue valve for calcified pulmonary valve. And our patient showed a good response after valve replacement. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/uhj.v9i1.19514 University Heart Journal Vol. 9, No. 1, January 2013; 54-55
Multiple Myxomas in Right Ventricle  A Case Report of Carneys Syndrome
Authors: Fatema Nilufar , Ahmed Sheikh Foyez , Azad Nazim Al , Jannat Maftahul , Haque Md Azizul , Islam Md Tauhidul , Siddique Md Abu , Banerjee Sajal Krishna , Rahman AKM Fazlur , Ahsan Syed Ali , Ahmed Choudhury Meshkat , Shafiuddin Md , Haque Md Hasirul
Published: August 2014

No AbstractDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/uhj.v9i1.19515 University Heart Journal Vol. 9, No. 1, January 2013; 56-58
Tetralogy of Fallot with Anomalous Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery : A Rare Repair  A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Rahman Md Mazibur , Roy Siba Pada , Uddin Jalal
Published: August 2014

Surgical total correction of Fallots tetralogy (TOF) with coronary artery anomalies is associated with an increased risk for mortality and morbidity. We performed Trans-ventricular and Trans-annular autologous pericardial patchplasty with the incorporation of a monocusp valve at pulmonary annular level after excision of parietal and septal bands and anastomosis of left internal mammary artery (LIMA) at the distal segment of deliberately sacrificed left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in a 20-year young male patient in whom the LAD coronary artery arose from the right sinus of valsalva anomalously just next to the right coronary artery (RCA). The large ventricular septal defect (VSD) was closed with Dacron patch but the small atrial septal defect (ASD) was closed directly with suture. A large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and a major aortopulmonary collateral (MAPCA) were ligated before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The patient was discharged without any problem. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/uhj.v9i1.19516 University Heart Journal Vol. 9, No. 1, January 2013; 59-63
Bicuspid Aortic Valve Presenting with Severe Stenosis and Regurgitation - A Case Report with Review
Authors: Hasan Md Nazmul , Siddique Md Abu , Banerjee Sajal Krishna , Ahmed CM , Sheikh Naveen , Hoque Md Harisul
Published: August 2014

Bicuspid aortic valves (BAV) are cardiac valvular anomaly, occurring in 12% of the general population. It is twice as common in males as in females.In many cases, a bicuspid aortic valve will cause no problems.However BAV may become calcified later in life, which may lead to varying degrees of severity of aortic stenosis that will manifest asmurmurs. If the leaflets do not close correctly, aortic regurgitation can occur. These mixed clinical finding sometimes confuses physician and culminating to considering other differentials, needs further more subsequent investigation and imaging, thus prolonging evaluation time and delaying decision making for treatment plan. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/uhj.v9i1.19517 University Heart Journal Vol. 9, No. 1, January 2013; 64-66
A Case of Acute ST elevated Myocardial Infarction Managed with Primary PCI: Launched Case of University Cardiac Center
Authors: Ahsan Sayed Ali , Hasan Md Nazmul , Siddique Md Abu , Banerjee Sajal Krishna , Salim Md Abu
Published: August 2014

Coronary reperfusion with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) or fibrinolytic therapy improves outcomes in patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or an MI with a new or presumably new left bundle branch block or a true posterior MI. If performed in a timely fashion, PPCI is the reperfusion therapy of choice compared to fibrinolysis because it achieves a higher rate of TIMI 3 flow. Here we describe a case of acute ST elevated inferior myocardial infarction managed with primary percutaneous coronary intervention as a launching case in the University Cardiac Center ofBangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/uhj.v9i1.19518 University Heart Journal Vol. 9, No. 1, January 2013; 67-69
Would medical students enter an exclusion zone in an infected district with a high mortality rate? An analysis of book reports on 28 (secondary publication)
Authors: Hwang Kun , Hong Hyung Sun , Heo Won Young
Published: August 2014

This study aimed to ascertain whether medical students would enter a closed area where there was a raging epidemic of an infectious disease with a high fatality rate, and includes reasons for the students entering or refusing to enter. Participants included 50 second-year medical students. They were assigned to read a novel entitled 28, written by Youjeong Jeong, and discuss it in groups. Using their book reports, their decisions of whether or not to enter Hwayang, the city from the novel, and the reasons for their decisions were analyzed; we furthermore investigated the factors affecting their decisions. Among the 50 respondents, 18 students (36%) answered that they would enter, and the remaining 32 students (64%) answered that they would not enter the zone. The reasons given for entering were responsibility (44%), sense of ethics (33%), social duty (17%), and sense of guilt (6%). The reasons the students provided for not entering were inefficiency (44%), worry regarding family (28%), needlessness of sacrifice (19%), and safety not ensured (9%). Students who had four or fewer family members were more likely to enter Hwayang than were students who had five or more family members (odds ratio, 1.85). Students who had completed over 100 hours of volunteer work were more likely to enter Hwayang than were students who had volunteered less than 100 hours (odds ratio, 2.04). Owing to their “responsibility” as a doctor, 36% of medical students answered that they would enter an exclusion zone in an infected district with a high fatality rate. However, 64% answered they would not enter because of “inefficiency.” For the medical students it is still a question ‘To enter or not to enter?’
A Proportional Odds Model of Particle Pollution
Authors: Chimka Justin , Ozdemir Ege
Published: August 2014

A linear regression model of particle pollution and an ordered logistic regression model of the relevant index were selected for observations in the US city of Los Angeles, California. Models were used to forecast Air Quality Index (AQI) from a sample, and were compared and contrasted. Methods are comparable overall but markedly different in their powers to predict certain categories. Linear regression models of AQI through particle pollution are more favored to predict moderate air quality; ordered logistic regression models of AQI directly are more favored to predict good air quality.
A Catheter-Based Acoustic Interrogation Device for Monitoring Motility Dynamics of the Lower Esophageal Sphincter
Authors: Lu Qian , Yadid-Pecht Orly , Sadowski Daniel , Mintchev Martin
Published: August 2014

This paper presents novel minimally-invasive, catheter-based acoustic interrogation device for monitoring motility dynamics of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). A micro-oscillator actively emitting sound wave at 16 kHz is located at one side of the LES, and a miniature microphone is located at the other side of the sphincter to capture the sound generated from the oscillator. Thus, the dynamics of the opening and closing of the LES can be quantitatively assessed. In this paper, experiments are conducted utilizing an LES motility dynamics simulator. The sound strength is captured by the microphone and is correlated to the level of LES opening and closing controlled by the simulator. Measurements from the simulator model show statistically significant (p < 0.05) Pearson correlation coefficients (0.905 on the average in quiet environment and 0.736 on the average in noisy environment, D.O.F. = 9). Measuring the level of LES opening and closing has the potential to become a valuable diagnostic technique for understanding LES dysfunction and the disorders associated with it.
Les relations inter-organisationnelles dans le domaine de la défense nationale
Authors: Manigart Philippe
Published: August 2014

Pour cette recherche, l’auteur a bénéficié d’un contrat de chargé de recherches au FNRS et d’une bourse de recherche de l’OTAN. Ce Courrier Hebdomadaire a été rédigé alors que l’auteur était à l’Institut Universitaire Européen de Florence en tant que boursier Jean Monnet.
L'émergence de l'étude d'impact comme norme de gouvernance en Europe : genèse, diffusion et acteurs
Authors: Lianos Ioannis , Karliuk Maksim
Published: August 2014

Résumé Cet article présente les enjeux propres aux études d’impact en Europe. Il propose une introduction historique et dresse un panorama des différentes pratiques des études d’impact. L’accent est mis sur la procédure de diffusion de cette innovation stratégique que constitue l’étude d’impact en Europe continentale et sur quelques réflexions à propos d’une possible dépendance au sentier dans le développement des institutions de l’étude d’impact. Le rôle des différents acteurs impliqués dans la procédure de l’étude d’impact est également analysé.
Le patchwork de la pratique des études d'impact en Europe : proposition de taxinomie
Authors: Lianos Ioannis , Fazekas Mihaly
Published: August 2014

Résumé Les études d’impact sont devenues un outil majeur et novateur en matière de politiques publiques en Europe au cours de la dernière décennie. Ce phénomène est apparu au côté d’autres instruments, comme les indicateurs, en lien avec le développement de la culture de l’évaluation des politiques publiques ainsi que de la production normative. Bien que l’existence d’une grande variété de pratiques et d’interprétations rende difficile tout effort pour en donner une définition précise, cette contribution dresse une typologie des études d’impact en Europe fondée sur une analyse empirique de sa pratique par l’Union européenne dans 25 de ses États membres, tout en apportant une réflexion théorique portant sur l’interaction de cette forme d’expertise avec la politique.
Les études d'impact des réglementations de l'Union européenne : état des lieux et pistes de réforme
Authors: Renda Andrea
Published: August 2014

Résumé Il y a une dizaine d’années, la Commission européenne a adopté, pour la première fois, une procédure exhaustive d’étude d’impact qui avait pour objectif de renforcer la qualité des propositions législatives élaborées par ses services. Dans la foulée, le Parlement européen et le Conseil se sont officiellement engagés à adopter des procédures similaires lors de la révision des propositions de la Commission. Par la suite, les lignes directrices d’étude d’impact édictées en 2005 et 2009, le comité d’étude d’impact créé en 2007, la transition vers une « réglementation intelligente » et, enfin, la « réglementation affûtée » ont conduit à la consolidation de cette étape au sein du processus d’élaboration politique de la Commission, même si une certaine confusion demeure toujours en ce qui concerne la méthodologie, le focus général et le niveau de transparence. Plus inquiétant, le Parlement et le Conseil n’ont pas réussi, pendant plusieurs années, à mettre en œuvre leurs propres études d’impact, malgré leur engagement. Si le Parlement est parvenu, en 2012, à créer sa première direction de l’évaluation de l’impact ex ante , le Conseil paraît loin de franchir ce pas. Le présent texte se penche également sur les défis actuels, en proposant dix propositions de réforme.
Les études d'impact et l'analyse « coûts-avantages » : modèles américains et traditions juridiques françaises
Authors: Rose-Ackerman Susan , Perroud Thomas
Published: August 2014

Résumé L’intérêt accru porté à la procédure de l’étude d’impact en France illustre les tensions entre les conceptions traditionnelles du droit administratif et les tendances contemporaines. L’expertise de la fonction publique et son isolement par rapport aux questions politiques quotidiennes visaient traditionnellement à préserver la vision républicaine française de l’intérêt général face aux pressions partisanes et court‑termistes des acteurs politiques. Alors que la confiance dans la fonction publique fait l’objet d’une constante érosion, l’État se trouve face à une aspiration grandissante à plus d’ouverture et de participation publique d’une part, et à une demande accrue de justification plus systématique et objective de l’action publique d’autre part. Les développements à venir ne sont pas clairement définis, mais tous les éléments sont réunis pour consolider les récentes réformes qui confirment une montée en puissance de l’étude d’impact dans le processus d’élaboration des politiques publiques.
L'institutionnalisation des etudes d'impact en Europe centrale et orientale
Authors: Staroňová Katarina
Published: August 2014

Résumé  Il est reconnu depuis longtemps que, pour promouvoir de meilleures politiques ou des politiques « intelligentes », les décideurs politiques devraient disposer de meilleures informations ou connaissances et élaborer ces politiques en s’appuyant sur des données factuelles. Tel est précisément ce que permet l’étude d’impact de la réglementation. Elle devrait, à ce titre, être intégrée plus largement dans les procédures de prise de décision. Cependant, au quotidien, ce dispositif technico‑instrumental de résolution des problèmes n’est souvent que peu appliqué à la conception des politiques publiques. Cet article analyse et compare les procédures formelles d’études d’impact de la réglementation dans neuf pays d’Europe centrale et orientale et propose quatre modèles d’institutionnalisation de cet outil : technico‑instrumental, stratégique, symbolique et de non‑usage. Si l’étude d’impact a été renforcée ces dernières années, certaines procédures ont été mal appliquées de sorte qu’elle joue toujours un faible rôle dans la prise de décision.
Le juge et les études d'impact
Authors: Alemanno Alberto
Published: August 2014

Résumé Cette contribution vise à explorer le rôle que le juge est amené à jouer dans le cadre des études d’impact de projets de loi ou d’actes réglementaires, et tout particulièrement leurs interactions, qui sont de plus en plus fréquentes. Elle montre comment ces instruments d’évaluation de l’impact législatif améliorent la rationalité et le caractère démocratique du processus décisionnel, mais aussi sa transparence et son accessibilité au public, tout en le soumettant à un contrôle juridictionnel de plus en plus approfondi. Au vu de l’utilisation accrue des instruments d’étude d’impact par les juridictions, celles‑ci – lorsqu’elles sont amenées à décider de la légalité d’une mesure législative – ne se focalisent plus exclusivement sur le résultat du processus décisionnel, mais davantage sur la procédure ayant amené à l’adoption de l’acte en cause. Après avoir systématisé les différentes possibilités de « rencontres » entre les études d’impact, d’une part, et les juridictions, d’autre part, cet article identifie – à travers une analyse de la jurisprudence développée par des juridictions nationales et internationales – les conséquences normatives résultant de ces rencontres. Nous démontrerons que si l’inclusion des études d’impact dans le processus décisionnel empêche les décideurs politiques de prendre des décisions irrationnelles, leur intégration progressive dans le contrôle juridictionnel amène les juges à ne plus décider sur la base d’intuitions ou d’anecdotes, mais plutôt à se fonder sur des arguments empiriquement solides. Ce procédé vertueux est susceptible d’améliorer le cycle d’élaboration des politiques publiques.
L'étude d'impact au Parlement français : un instrument de mutation du rôle des assemblées dans le processus législatif ?
Authors: Combrade Bertrand-Léo
Published: August 2014

Résumé L’article a pour objet d’analyser l’influence sur le travail parlementaire de l’obligation de mener une étude d’impact des projets de loi introduite par la révision constitutionnelle de 2008 . Cinq ans d’application de la réforme révèlent les prémices d’une évolution du rôle des assemblées dans le processus législatif. Si l’étude d’impact n’améliore pas substantiellement les conditions d’élaboration de la loi, elle constitue un référentiel permettant au Parlement d’exercer un contrôle plus vigilant de l’« activité législative du Gouvernement ». La réforme se révèle donc en mesure de favoriser un certain « retour » du Parlement dans le processus législatif, mais par le biais d’une mutation de son rôle.
De la critique de l'asile à la gestion de l'offre en santé mentale : une désinstitutionnalisation à la française de la psychiatrie ?
Authors: Eyraud Benoît , Velpry Livia
Published: August 2014

Résumé Les débats sur les pratiques psychiatriques se réfèrent souvent au terme d’institution, dont l’hôpital est emblématique. Caractérisée par la politique de sectorisation, la réforme de la psychiatrie en France ne relève a priori pas d’une « désinstitutionalisation », terme largement utilisé dans les pays anglo‑saxons pour décrire la politique de fermeture des asiles psychiatriques. Cet article fournit pourtant des éléments suggérant qu’il y a bien une désinstitutionalisation de la pratique psychiatrique. À partir de l’exemple de l’hôpital du Vinatier, il montre que les transformations de l’organisation du soin psychiatrique ont été régulées par un double processus de réduction du mandat psychiatrique et de rapprochement avec les politiques de santé.
De l'horreur du sang à l'insoutenable souffrance animale
Authors: Baldin Damien
Published: August 2014

L’article retrace, depuis le 19 e  siècle, l’histoire de la mise à mort des animaux de boucherie qui est dominée par deux grandes émotions : l’horreur du sang qui s’écoule lors de la saignée de la bête et la sensibilité toujours plus grande à la souffrance des animaux. Au 19 e  siècle, les abattoirs remplacent peu à peu les tueries pour rendre l’écoulement du sang invisible dans l’espace public. Cette invisibilité acquise, les autorités cherchent, au siècle suivant, à mettre en place un abattage sans souffrance pour les bêtes. L’étude de ces évolutions permet de révéler la construction historique des seuils de tolérance sociales et politiques en matière d’abattage et des régimes de sensibilité qui conditionnent l’acceptation de cette mise à mort.
Le coq et le klaxon, ou la France à la découverte du bruit (1945-1975)
Authors: Granger Christophe
Published: August 2014

Les années 1950 et 1960, travaillées par de nouvelles exigences de bien-être, sont aussi celles d’une intolérance accrue au tumulte sonore de la vie moderne. Le motif, articulé vingt ans plus tôt, trouve alors une cohérence nouvelle. Le bruit se fait « fléau social ». Les médecins en scrutent les méfaits sur l’organisme, ils contribuent au tracé des vigilances nouvelles et légitiment les inquiétudes collectives. Tandis que le silence reprend place parmi les signes de distinction sociale, tandis que des associations se montrent habiles à ériger la « lutte contre le bruit » en juste cause, les pouvoirs publics instituent un moderne « droit au silence ». La réglementation des normes sonores, l’interdiction du klaxon en ville ou l’extension des dommages et intérêts en matière de bruits ordonnent cette entreprise historique de pacification sonore des existences. Cet article, qui éclaire un épisode des sensibilités contemporaines, entend questionner plus largement les mécanismes qui président aux déplacements des seuils de tolérance et les logiques sociales dont ils sont le produit historique.
Naissance de l'amour parental dans le Japon du début du 20 e siècle
Authors: Jones Mark , Poncharal Bruno
Published: August 2014

Au Japon, entre les années 1890 et 1920, les promoteurs d’un nouveau style de parentalité proclamèrent fièrement qu’une émotion, l’amour, devait être un nouvel ethos directeur de la famille. Selon les partisans de l’amour, l’émotion devait inspirer chaque moment de l’attention parentale dirigée vers l’enfant. Cependant, la naissance de ce nouvel idéal d’un amour centré sur l’enfant était loin de constituer un processus simple ou évident. L’amour parental, comme toutes les émotions, n’est pas un sentiment intemporel, mais un sentiment marqué par des circonstances historiques particulières. La version de l’amour parental qui s’est développée au Japon au début du 20 e  siècle était analytique et scientifique, réaliste et clinique, elle était alors nommée « amour rationnel ». Et il fallut beaucoup de temps et d’efforts à ses promoteurs pour définir cette émotion, affirmer sa nécessité et comprendre son rôle dans l’éducation des enfants au Japon. Cette période de réorientation émotionnelle donna naissance non seulement à un nouveau style émotionnel de parentalité, mais aussi à une « communauté émotionnelle » de mères aimant rationnellement.
La fabrique d'un intolérable
Authors: Taïeb Emmanuel
Published: August 2014

Étudiant la disparition des exécutions publiques au cours de la Troisième République, cet article émet l’hypothèse selon laquelle ce qui relève en apparence du somatique interroge en permanence les fonctionnements sociaux. Afin d’analyser ce que le corps fait au politique et à cette technologie punitive particulière qu’est l’élimination physique des criminels, il interroge les conditions d’utilisation de ce matériau historique spécifique que sont les sensibilités. Il explore leurs usages et la police dont elles font l’objet dans le passé. Cette police joue subtilement sur ce qu’il est légitime de ressentir face au spectacle de la guillotine, et prescrit de « bonnes manières » de le voir. C’est notamment par ce biais que le rituel sanglant est progressivement institué comme un intolérable. L’article montre finalement que ce qui change est moins la mise à mort que la façon de l’éprouver et de la regarder.
Analyse pragmatique de titres de presse écrite britannique : médiation entre pouvoir politique et lectorat
Authors: Legalery Jean-Louis
Published: August 2014

L’analyse pragmatique et sémantique de titres de une de quotidiens et hebdomadaires britanniques, depuis la victoire travailliste aux élections législatives de mai 1997 et la nomination de Tony Blair à la tête du nouveau gouvernement, conduit à considérer les rapports qui s’instaurent entre les signes linguistiques et leurs utilisateurs. Les titres de première page classent et hiérarchisent l’information. Ils sont au carrefour de deux missions contradictoires : produire un signal graphique, censé être aisément et rapidement identifiable, et fournir aux lecteurs un message significatif. La signification peut tout d’abord être liée à la taille des titres et à leur position sur la première page. Elle peut aussi être déterminée par les associations lexicales et structurelles, plus particulièrement considérées selon l’analyse fonctionnelle de Halliday. Enfin, les choix sémantiques renforcent la spécificité d’un titre. La médiation que crée le langage se fonde sur sa conception politique et sociale. À la lumière des travaux de Gumperz, Lakoff et Bourdieu, la médiation des titres de une, par le biais d’une analyse pragmatique, peut également caractériser le langage comme vecteur de pouvoir.
Dynamiser les apprentissages dans un contexte institutionnel
Authors: Aranda Eugénie
Published: August 2014

Cet article porte sur les possibilités de dynamisation des apprentissages malgré les contraintes institutionnelles, en privilégiant l’autonomisation par le recours à des tâches appropriées, l’intégration de stratégies pertinentes et l’extension en travail sur projet.
Le CNRS et la sociologie
Authors: Lautman Jacques
Published: August 2014

Ce texte est le témoignage, avec biais subjectif assumé, d’un ancien acteur lourd des sciences sociales au CNRS, membre élu du Comité national de 1968 à 1980, responsable d’un programme pluridisciplinaire de 1978 à 1982, directeur scientifique-adjoint du Département sciences sociales (1981-82), chef du Département devenu des sciences humaines et sociales de 1986 à 1991. En 1989, à l’occasion du cinquantenaire du CNRS il a créé, avec l’historien Antoine Prost, la série « Cahiers pour l’histoire du CNRS » qui a connu onze livraisons grâce à Jean-Claude Picard. Par après il eut encore, dans ses diverses fonctions, à interagir avec le CNRS jusqu’en 2004. Sa réflexion porte sur la période qu’il a vécue au sein du Département ou dont il a été le témoin critique.
Le traité de l’Élysée et les relations scientifiques franco-allemandes
Authors: Defrance Corine , Pfeil Ulrich
Published: August 2014

Selon une publication officielle de 2013 des ministères français et allemands de la Recherche, la coopération scientifique bilatérale aurait commencé en 1963 après la signature du traité de l’Élysée et se serait développée en lien avec le processus de construction européenne. Cet article se propose de remettre en question ce « récit officiel ». Nous présenterons d’abord l’état de la coopération scientifique en 1963, montrant que des initiatives avaient été prises auparavant en dépit du poids du passé. Ensuite, nous examinerons l’affirmation selon laquelle la coopération scientifique franco-allemande serait la base de la coopération européenne en montrant les interactions entre bilatéralisme franco-allemand et multilatéralisme européen.
A Novel Role for Histone Deacetylase 6 in the Regulation of the Tolerogenic STAT3/IL-10 Pathway in APCs
Authors: Cheng Fengdong , Lienlaf Maritza , Wang Hong-Wei , Perez-Villarroel Patricio , Lee Calvin , Woan Karrune , Rock-Klotz Jennifer , Sahakian Eva , Woods David , Pinilla-Ibarz Javier , Kalin Jay , Tao Jianguo , Hancock Wayne , Kozikowski Alan , Seto Edward , Villagra Alejandro , Sotomayor Eduardo M.
Published: August 2014

APCs are critical in T cell activation and in the induction of T cell tolerance. Epigenetic modifications of specific genes in the APC play a key role in this process, and among them histone deacetylases (HDACs) have emerged as key participants. HDAC6, one of the members of this family of enzymes, has been shown to be involved in regulation of inflammatory and immune responses. In this study, to our knowledge we show for the first time that genetic or pharmacologic disruption of HDAC6 in macrophages and dendritic cells results in diminished production of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 and induction of inflammatory APCs that effectively activate Ag-specific naive T cells and restore the responsiveness of anergic CD4+ T cells. Mechanistically, we have found that HDAC6 forms a previously unknown molecular complex with STAT3, association that was detected in both the cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments of the APC. By using HDAC6 recombinant mutants we identified the domain comprising amino acids 503–840 as being required for HDAC6 interaction with STAT3. Furthermore, by re–chromatin immunoprecipitation we confirmed that HDAC6 and STAT3 are both recruited to the same DNA sequence within the Il10 gene promoter. Of note, disruption of this complex by knocking down HDAC6 resulted in decreased STAT3 phosphorylation—but no changes in STAT3 acetylation—as well as diminished recruitment of STAT3 to the Il10 gene promoter region. The additional demonstration that a selective HDAC6 inhibitor disrupts this STAT3/IL-10 tolerogenic axis points to HDAC6 as a novel molecular target in APCs to overcome immune tolerance and tips the balance toward T cell immunity.
Heme Oxygenase-1 Dysregulates Macrophage Polarization and the Immune Response to Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Gobert Alain P. , Verriere Thomas , Asim Mohammad , Barry Daniel P. , Piazuelo M. Blanca , de Sablet Thibaut , Delgado Alberto G. , Bravo Luis E. , Correa Pelayo , Peek Richard M. , Chaturvedi Rupesh , Wilson Keith T.
Published: August 2014

Helicobacter pylori incites a futile inflammatory response, which is the key feature of its immunopathogenesis. This leads to the ability of this bacterial pathogen to survive in the stomach and cause peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. Myeloid cells recruited to the gastric mucosa during H. pylori infection have been directly implicated in the modulation of host defense against the bacterium and gastric inflammation. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an inducible enzyme that exhibits anti-inflammatory functions. Our aim was to analyze the induction and role of HO-1 in macrophages during H. pylori infection. We now show that phosphorylation of the H. pylori virulence factor cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) in macrophages results in expression of hmox-1, the gene encoding HO-1, through p38/NF (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 signaling. Blocking phagocytosis prevented CagA phosphorylation and HO-1 induction. The expression of HO-1 was also increased in gastric mononuclear cells of human patients and macrophages of mice infected with cagA+ H. pylori strains. Genetic ablation of hmox-1 in H. pylori–infected mice increased histologic gastritis, which was associated with enhanced M1/Th1/Th17 responses, decreased regulatory macrophage (Mreg) response, and reduced H. pylori colonization. Gastric macrophages of H. pylori–infected mice and macrophages infected in vitro with this bacterium showed an M1/Mreg mixed polarization type; deletion of hmox-1 or inhibition of HO-1 in macrophages caused an increased M1 and a decrease of Mreg phenotype. These data highlight a mechanism by which H. pylori impairs the immune response and favors its own survival via activation of macrophage HO-1.