bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A prospective cohort study assessing the clinical utility of the Cottle maneuver in nasal septal surgery
Authors: Bonaparte James P. , Campbell Ross
Published: July 2018

Background

A nasal septal deviation can have a significant detrimental effect on a patient's quality of life. Nasal valve collapse (NVC) often co-exists with a septal deviation. The Cottle maneuver is one of the most common methods to diagnose NVC; however, no study has assessed the efficacy of this physical exam finding. This study tests the hypothesis that patients with nasal obstruction due to a septal deviation with a negative pre-operative Cottle maneuver will demonstrate a greater improvement in their Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) score, compared to patients who demonstrate a positive pre-operative Cottle maneuver, when assessed at 12 months following a septoplasty with turbinate diathermy.

Methods

This was a prospective Cohort Study. The population was 141 patients with nasal obstruction due to a septal deviation with or without nasal valve collapse, excluding patients with bilateral complete nasal valve collapse. Patients were placed in cohorts according to the results of the Cottle maneuver (positive or negative). A NOSE questionnaire was administered at baseline and 12-months after a septoplasty with turbinate diathermy. Non-adjusted NOSE scores were used (score out of 20). An ANOVA was used to compare if there was a difference in outcomes between patient cohorts.

Results

One hundred and forty-one patients completed 12-month follow-up with 71.5% of patients demonstrating a positive Cottle maneuver at baseline. The mean (95% C.I.) difference in NOSE score at 12 months between patients with a positive Cottle versus a negative Cottle was 0.18 (− 1.6 to 1.92; p = 0.38).

Conclusion

In a univariate, single surgeon study, a positive Cottle Maneuver does not appear to influence outcomes in the described patient population compared to those with a negative Cottle Maneuver when undergoing a septoplasty.
Managing Infusion Reactions to New Monoclonal Antibodies in Multiple Myeloma: Daratumumab and Elotuzumab
Authors: Nooka Ajay K. , Gleason Charise , Sargeant Marva Ollivierre , Walker Michelle , Watson Melanie , Panjic Elyse Hall , Lonial Sagar
Published: July 2018

Monoclonal antibodies (elotuzumab and daratumumab) are the newest class of drugs that have proven to be efficacious antimyeloma agents. Although daratumumab, a CD38 monoclonal antibody, has established its efficacy as a single agent and in combination with immunomodulatory agents and proteasome inhibitors, elotuzumab (signaling lymphocytic activation molecule F7 monoclonal antibody) has proven activity in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone. Infusion-related reactions (respiratory and nonrespiratory) seem to be a common theme of adverse events with monoclonal antibodies, although the relative incidence differs across these two agents. Identifying the appropriate pre- and postinfusion medication strategies can help lower the rates of infusion-related reactions and facilitate reduction in infusion times. In this article, we review the incidence of the infusion-related reactions with elotuzumab and daratumumab and their clinical activity in myeloma, review our institutional experience of management of infusion-related reactions, and provide some practical mitigation strategies to reduce their incidence.
Linezolid-Induced Lactic Acidosis Sets Stage for Surgery to Rule Out Mesenteric Ischemia: A Case Report
Authors: Belani Kiran , Leibowitz Akiva , Bose Somnath
Published: July 2018

An 81-year-old woman with extensive peripheral vascular and coronary artery disease was admitted to the intensive care unit with a deep heel abscess and urinary tract infection. When cultures from the heel ulcer yielded vancomycin-resistant enterococci, she was started on the antibiotic linezolid. After several days of intravenous linezolid therapy, she developed severe lactic acidosis (pH 6.89) and elevation of pancreatic enzymes. An emergent exploratory laparotomy was performed to rule out mesenteric ischemia. Findings from the laparotomy were negative, and after elimination of other differential diagnoses, the metabolic acidosis was ultimately attributed to linezolid. Acidosis resolved after discontinuation of linezolid.
Focused Cardiac Ultrasound Determines Cause of Cardiovascular Collapse During Thoracic Surgery in a Patient With Undiagnosed Pulmonary Hypertension: A Case Report
Authors: Ironfield Craig M. , Cowie Brian S.
Published: July 2018

Patients with severe pulmonary hypertension (PHT) represent a high-risk population when undergoing noncardiac surgery. During thoracic surgery with 1-lung ventilation, atelectasis of the operative lung, and frequently associated hypoxemia, is likely to exacerbate PHT and precipitate acute right ventricular failure. We present a patient with previously undiagnosed PHT who suffered 2 cardiac arrests during emergent thoracic surgery for empyema. After successful resuscitation in the operating room, she subsequently required prolonged venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Focused transthoracic echocardiography to evaluate cardiac function was critical in the diagnosis of PHT and subsequent treatment with sildenafil and nifedipine when discharged from the hospital.
Parturient With Barnes Syndrome (Thoracolaryngopelvic Dysplasia) Undergoing Cesarean Delivery of a Neonate With Barnes Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Patel Shetal H. , Banzali Franklin M. , Post Rebecca J. , Nguyen Carolyn V. , Benoit Richard M. , Tieu David D. , Stranc Danielle S. , Hernandez Conte Antonio , Rudikoff Andrew G.
Published: July 2018

This case describes a parturient with Barnes syndrome, a rare disorder characterized by subglottic stenosis, thoracic dystrophy, and small pelvic inlet, who underwent cesarean delivery of a neonate diagnosed with Barnes syndrome. Live simulation training was performed by multidisciplinary team to prepare for the spinal anesthetic, personnel flow between 2 operating rooms, and management of various airway scenarios for the newborn. After delivery, the neonate underwent laryngoscopy–bronchoscopy with successful intubation in the operating room because of labored breathing. Airway evaluation revealed subglottic stenosis, tracheomalacia/bronchomalacia. Collaboration among perinatologists, obstetric/pediatric anesthesiologists, pediatric head and neck surgeons, and neonatologists was integral to perioperative management of both the mother and child.
Anesthetic Management of Staged Bilateral Adrenalectomy for Neuroendocrine Tumors in a Heart-Lung Transplant Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Liu Amy C. , Andrews Gareth , Ben-Menachem Erez
Published: July 2018

Neuroendocrine tumors may rarely present after organ transplantation, including cardiac transplant. Treatment is surgical resection with careful perioperative management to optimize blood pressure and intravascular volume. We present the anesthetic management of a patient who was diagnosed with bilateral neuroendocrine tumors soon after heart-lung transplantation and underwent successful staged bilateral adrenalectomy.
Peripheral Nerve Block Provides Effective Analgesia for a Patient With Peripheral Nerve Hyperexcitability Syndrome: Isaacs Syndrome Case Report
Authors: Asai Akinori , Kako Eisuke , Hasegawa Tatsuya , Sobue Kazuya
Published: July 2018

Isaacs syndrome is a rare peripheral nerve hyperexcitability syndrome. The painful discharges in Isaacs syndrome are abolished by the blockade of the neuromuscular junction but not by peripheral nerve blocks (PNB). However, the efficacy of PNB for intraoperative and postoperative analgesia among those with Isaacs syndrome is unknown. A 41-year-old woman with Isaacs syndrome underwent open reduction and internal fixation of radius fractures. Ultrasound-guided bilateral axillary brachial plexus blocks were performed, followed by general anesthesia. The patient required only a single low dose of rocuronium for intubation and surgery. On emergence from anesthesia, the patient was pain free for 6 hours and did not return to her preoperative pain state for 36 hours. PNB can be an effective means of postoperative pain control for patients with Isaacs syndrome.
Severe Disruption of Water and Electrolyte Balance After Appendectomy: A Case Report
Authors: Bossong Olga , Rudin Christoph , Szinnai Gabor , Erb Thomas O. , Moll Jens
Published: July 2018

Perioperative derangements of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis are rare complications in healthy children. Nonetheless, early diagnosis and treatment are mandatory to avoid a potentially life-threatening situation. However, the variety of underlying pathologies may prove to make accurate diagnosis challenging. This case report presents the management of an unexpected occurrence of a perioperative partial diabetes insipidus with massive fluid loss. Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are discussed in the context of laboratory findings, and an overview of the existing literature is given. Finally, we emphasize that a multidisciplinary approach is most appropriate for diagnosis, accurate treatment, and follow-up of the patient.
Epoprostenol Therapy for a Pediatric Patient With Subacute Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia and a Ventricular Assist Device Undergoing Heart Transplant: A Case Report
Authors: Navaratnam Manchula , Williams Glyn D. , Shuttleworth Paul , Almond Chris , Maeda Katsuide
Published: July 2018

Concerns remain regarding the use of direct thrombin inhibitors for cardiopulmonary bypass anticoagulation in pediatric patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia undergoing complex cardiac surgery. We describe the safe and effective use of epoprostenol sodium as an alternative therapy before heparin exposure for a pediatric patient with subacute heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and a ventricular assist device undergoing heart transplant.
Airway Fire During Left Internal Mammary Dissection in Cardiac Surgery: A Case Report
Authors: Kim Tiffany J. , Mascetti Carin , Ramsingh Davinder
Published: July 2018

Previous case reports describing fire during left internal mammary artery dissection involved patients with pulmonary blebs and did not involve the airway. We present a case of an airway fire, diagnosed by the sound of a pop, the appearance of a spark, and the development of an airway circuit leak in a patient with a 4-year-old tracheostomy scar who presented for coronary artery bypass with a left internal mammary artery. The case description is followed by a brief discussion of operating room fires and their management.
Cesarean Hysterectomy in a Parturient With Morbidly Adherent Placenta Complicated by Postoperative Ischemic Stroke Secondary to Vertebral Artery Dissection: A Case Report
Authors: Feldman Joshua Bradley , Kumaraswami Sangeeta
Published: July 2018

We report a case of cesarean hysterectomy in a parturient with morbidly adherent placenta that was complicated by an estimated blood loss of 25 L, with the usage of massive transfusion protocols. On the third postoperative day, symptomatology suggestive of a stroke was elicited. Imaging showed a right vertebral artery dissection with cerebellar, midbrain, and pontine infarcts. She showed gradual recovery in the following months with almost complete return to baseline function. We present this case to highlight vertebral artery dissection as a potential complication after peripartum massive blood transfusion and to consider the management decisions this scenario presents.
Potential trade-offs between biomineralization and immunity revealed by shell properties and gene expression profiles of two closely related Crassostrea species
Authors: Ivanina Anna V. , Borah Ballav M. , Vogts Angela , Malik Ifra , Wu Jingyao , Chin Adam R. , Almarza Alejandro J. , Kumta Prashant , Piontkivska Helen , Beniash Elia , Sokolova Inna M.
Published: July 2018

Species of Ostreidae family are key ecosystem engineers and many of them (including Crassostrea gigas and C. virginica) are commercially important aquaculture species. Despite similarities in their morphology and ecology, these two species differ in their ability to defend against pathogens potentially reflecting species-specific differential specialization of hemocytes on immune defense vs. biomineralization. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the expression levels of immune and biomineralization-related genes as well as mineralogical and mechanical properties of the shells and the calcium sequestration ability of the hemocytes of C. gigas and C. virginica. The expression of biomineralization related genes was higher in C. virginica than in C. gigas in multiple tissues including mantle edge and hemocytes, while the expression of immune genes was higher in the hemocytes of C. gigas. Hemocytes of C. virginica contained more calcium (stored intracellularly as calcium carbonate mineral) compared with those of C. gigas. Analysis of the adult shells showed that the crystallinity of calcite was higher and the laths of the foliated layer of the shell were thicker in C. virginica than in C. gigas. Mechanically the shells of C. virginica were stiffer, harder and stronger than those of C. gigas. Taken together, our results show that the species-specific differences in physiology (such as disease resistance and exoskeleton properties) are reflected at the cellular and molecular levels in differential specialization of hemocytes on potentially competing functions (immunity and biomineralization) as well as different expression profiles of other tissues involved in biomineralization (such as the mantle edge).
Dealer Liquidity Provision and the Breakdown of the Law of One Price: Evidence from the CDS–Bond Basis
Authors: Choi Jaewon , Shachar Or , Shin Sean Seunghun
Published: July 2018

We examine dealers’ liquidity provision against mispricing in the corporate bond market from 2005 to 2009. Dealers on average serve as stabilizing liquidity providers by trading against widening price gaps between corporate bonds and credit default swaps (the CDS–bond basis). However, dealers cut back on liquidity provision as they suffer losses, mispricing becomes wider, or the funding situation worsens, consistent with the limited capital capacity of financial intermediaries. We also show that the unwinding of basis arbitrage trading can amplify mispricing by documenting that bond returns following the Lehman collapse were very low for bonds with strong preexisting basis arbitrage activity and for bonds underwritten by Lehman Brothers. Liquidity demand due to the exit of arbitrageurs can be a major driver of disruption in credit markets.

This paper was accepted by Lauren Cohen, finance.
How to Calculate the Barycenter of a Weighted Graph
Authors: Gadat Sébastien , Gavra Ioana , Risser Laurent
Published: July 2018

Discrete structures like graphs make it possible to naturally and flexibly model complex phenomena. Since graphs that represent various types of information are increasingly available today, their analysis has become a popular subject of research. Yet, even an algorithm for locating the average position in graphs is lacking although this knowledge would be of primary interest for statistical analysis or representation problems. In this work, we develop a stochastic algorithm for finding the Fréchet mean of weighted undirected metric graphs. This method relies on a noisy simulated annealing algorithm dealt with using homogenization. We then illustrate our algorithm with three examples (subgraphs of a social network, subgraph of a collaboration and citation network, and a transport network).
Understanding Cancer
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: July 2018

This is the first in a series of articles regarding cancer. The series will address specific types of cancer, it will discuss the incidence and distribution of cancer, epidemiology, risks and possible causes, signs and symptoms, how a diagnosis is made and treatment options. The articles will also provide a glossary of terms and multiple-choice test questions.

Almost everyone knows someone with cancer and the healthcare assistant and associate practitioner (HCA and AP) will undoubtedly care for people with cancer. This article provides an overview of cancer—what it is and how it manifests itself.

Understanding key issues can help the HCA and AP ensure that the care they offer is safe and patient-centred.
Outcome measures of disease activity for rare autoimmune rheumatic diseases
Authors: Jones Alexis , Cotton Alice , Guinto Jesusa , Wilton James , Ciurtin Coziana
Published: July 2018

Systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, myositis and Sjögren's syndrome are rare, complex, multi-systemic rheumatic diseases associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Thorough assessments of disease activity are required to guide clinical management and assess response to new therapies in clinical trials. This article reviews the commonly used outcome measures to assess this group of diseases and discusses the limitations of their use.
Self-directed learning using clinical decision support: costs and outcomes
Authors: Walsh Kieran , Maloney Stephen
Published: July 2018

It is an axiom of research into cost and value in education that the way to deliver low cost education is to save on faculty cost, as this makes up the majority of the costs in most educational programmes. Thus, any savings that can be made to faculty costs will make a significant contribution to reducing overall cost. But this may not be the case with all programmes, or with all methods of learning. In particular, it may not be the case with self-directed learning. The cost of self-directed learning can be divided up into cost categories just like any other form of learning. As such, it will be made up of faculty cost, learner costs, infrastructure and facility costs, content costs and technology costs. However, in postgraduate education, these costs are largely the same as those that account for clinical care, as postgraduate learners learn as they work. To get maximum value from self-directed learning that will support clinical decisions, learners will need to have access to excellent clinical decision support resources that will facilitate self-directed learning.
LGBT: Your FAQs answered
Authors: Bates Adele
Published: July 2018

There are a range of LGBT issues and considerations in schools, and teachers may sometimes be unsure or concerned about how best to respond. Adele Bates answers some FAQs…
Matching Forensic Sketches to Mug Shot Photos Using a Population of Sketches Generated by Combining Geometrical Facial Changes and Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Akbari Farjad Shahrzad , Faez Karim
Published: July 2018

Matching mug shot photos to forensic sketches drawn according to verbal descriptions of eyewitnesses is a decisive point for criminal investigations. However, the incapability of a witness to precisely describe the appearance of a suspect and his/her reliance on a subjective aspect of the description often lead to imprecise and inadequate sketches. This necessitates the development of robust automated matching methods such that least dependency exists on the quality of original sketches. The focus of the paper is on enhancing the preprocessing phase, before the matching phase is applied, by generating a population of sketches out of each initial sketch via applying geometrical changes in facial areas. The population is then optimized using Genetic Algorithms (GA) by adopting the Structural SIMilarity (SSIM) index as the fitness function. The matching is finally applied to the best sketch produced by GA by employing the Local Feature-based Discriminant Analysis (LFDA) framework. The efficiency of the proposed hybrid approach in achieving correct matchings is evaluated against 88 sketch/photo pairs provided by the Michigan State Police Department and Forensic Art Essentials, and 100 sketch/black-and-white photo pairs from FERET database. The experimental results indicate that our proposed approach obtains fairly better results relative to the LFDA framework. Furthermore, we notice a significant improvement in the retrieval rate if sketch/photo pairs are first cropped to central facial areas before a matching technique is applied.
Effectiveness of Social Media in Monitoring Cadets’ Performance on Shipboard Training in Selected Maritime Schools Using System Quality Metrics
Authors: Mobo FRIEdr Froilan D.
Published: July 2018

The Shipboard Training in the selected Maritime Institution uses a distributed documentation partially manual process in monitoring the performance of the cadets that most likely causes the delay and inconsistency of reports. Their Department uses any Social Media Website in assessing/validating the reports on the performance of the cadets. The Department of Shipboard Training receives a summary of the report through Social Media Website.

Technology nowadays is overwhelming that resulted to change faster from a stand-alone system to a web based technology which is capable of supporting almost all of the computerized transactions using an open source mobile applet and Content Management Systems. Most of the organizations have embraced technology and have developed exceptional online programs that provide easy access and massive communication. These maritime schools entirely take after the IMO model courses as proclaimed by the 1978 tradition on Standards of Training, Certification and Watch keeping for seafarers (STCW), as altered in 1995, and are the main ones permitted by our legislature to lead and regulate baccalaureate courses with 3-year scholastics in addition to 1 year managed shipboard apprenticeship for deck and engine cadets.
Effects of encapsulation matrix on physical properties and germination viability of calcium-alginate encapsulated plbs of Grammatophyllum scriptum
Authors: PITOYO ARI , ANGGARWULAN ENDANG , ARIZA IKA
Published: July 2018

Pitoyo A, Anggarwulan E, Ariza I. 2017. Effects of encapsulation matrix on physical properties and germination viability of calcium-alginate encapsulated plbs of Grammatophyllum scriptum. Cell Bio Dev 1: 36-40. Grammatophyllum is a tropical epiphytic orchid commonly found in the moist areas of South-East Asia. Like most orchid species, the genus comprises species with a very small, micro-size seed mass and lacked endosperm.These plants commonly need an in vitro culture for mass propagation and seed germination. Upon germination, their undeveloped-embryos developed a globular mass cells, a protocorm. Occasionally, a structure similar to protocorm arises from tissue other than an embryo, thereby the term protocorm-like body (plb) were introduced. Here, we develop synthetic seed, hydrogel beads encapsulated G. scriptum plbs and possibility to germinate the seed and growth their embedded tissue.The objective of the research was to study the effects of the proportion of encapsulation matrix of G scriptum Bl.Synthetic seed made by complexation of sodium alginate with CaCl2 on physical properties and germination of protocorm-like bodies (plbs) embedded inside the hydrogel. The experiment was designed by a single factor-completely randomized design with the treatments of several combinations of Na-alginate/CaCl2ratios.The result showed that CaCl2 in all concentration except 25 mM formed spherical hydrogel beads in all level concentration of Na-alginate. Alginate in concentration 2% and 3% gave the optimum result represented by maximum germination index 100%.The formation of the new plbs varied among different explants even in single explant.The time of germination of each synthetic seeds was varied from 2 weeks until eight weeks after encapsulation.In conclusion, physical properties have no significant barrier for developing plbs to emergencies through penetration encapsulation matrix.
Pengaruh Ukuran Partikel Biomasa Lignoselulosa pada Pembuatan Bioetanol dan Biobutanol : Tinjauan
Authors: Aiman Syahrul
Published: July 2018

Bioetanol dan biobutanol dari biomasa lignoselulosa menjadi bahan bakarterbarukan yang sedang menarik perhatian banyak peneliti. Berbagai macambiomasa lignoselulosa yang berupa limbah pertanian, perkebunan,pengolahan hasil hutan, industri dan sampah kota telah diteliti untukdikonversi menjadi alkokol. Berbagai parameter proses mempengaruhiefisiensi dan efektifitas proses konversi biomasa limbah organik tersebutmenjadi alkohol. Salah satu parameter yang tidak banyak diperhatikan olehpeneliti di Indonesia adalah pengaruh ukuran partikel biomasa terhadaptingkat capaian proses konversi biomasa menjadi alkohol. Tinjauan iniditujukan untuk melihat pengaruh ukuran partikel biomasa lignoselulosaterhadap pembuatan bioetanol dan biobutanol sebagai bahan bakar.Peninjauan dilakukan melalui kajian pustaka (desk study) dan ditambahkandengan data primer hasil penelitian di Pusat Penelitian Kimia. Tinjauan inimemperlihatkan bahwa ukuran partikel biomasa mempengaruhi berat jenisunggun, viskositas campuran, luas permukaan spesifik yang kemudianmenentukan luas permukaan kontak. Disamping itu, proses penggilinganmempengaruhi porositas partikel biomasa dan menurunkan kristalinitasselulosa. Semuanya akan mempengaruhi digestabilitas selulosa selama proseshirolisa. Meskipun pengaruh ukuran partikel pada proses konversi masihkontroversi, dan masih menjadi bahan kajian para peneliti, tetapi sebagianbesar memperlihatkan bahwa semakin kecil ukuran partikel biomasa, sampaibatas tertentu, akan meningkatkan proses hidrolisa selulosa menjadi gulasehingga meningkatkan jumlah alkohol yang dihasilkan. Selainmempengaruhi tingkat capaian konversi, ukuran partikel biomasa jugamempengaruhi biaya proses.
Identifikasi Logam pada Endapan Lindi Hitam Hasil Samping Proses Bioetanol sebagai Salah Satu Konsep dalam Pemurnian Lignin
Authors: Setiawan Achmad Hanafi
Published: July 2018

Lignin merupakan polimer alam yang bersifat amorf, tidak beracun danmerupakan hasil samping dari proses delignifikasi pada proses bioetanolgenerasi kedua. Produk lignin dari proses ini biasanya masih mengandungselulosa, hemiselulosa, dan senyawaan anorganik, sehingga kontaminantersebut harus dihilangkan pada proses pemurnian. Penelitian ini difokuskanhanya pada penghilangan kotoran anorganik kecuali silika. Lindi hitamdiperoleh dari proses delignifikasi tandan kosong kelapa sawit yangdilakukan dengan menggunakan 5% (b/b) larutan NaOH dengan rasiopadatan dan larutan 1: 5, pada kondisi proses 150oC, 5 bar selama 30menit. Endapan lignin diperoleh dengan menambahkan 50% (v/v) asam sulfatke dalam dua larutan lindi hitam sedemikian hingga larutan mencapai hargapH = 12 dan pH = 1. Kemudian masing-masing larutan disentrifus padaputaran 4000 rpm selama 15 menit. Setelah disaring dan dikeringkan padasuhu 50oC selama 16 jam, sampel kemudian dikarakterisasi dengan TG/DTAdan hasilnya dikonfirmasi dengan uji TPC, sedangkan komposisi unsur-unsuranorganik yang terkandung dalam abu dianalisis dengan EDS, dan distribusipartikelnya diukur dengan PSA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sampelyang berasal dari larutan dengan pH = 12 menghasilkan 28% kadar abu danmengandung sembilan elemen yang jumlahnya berkisar antara 1,3-18,0%,sedangkan sampel yang berasal dari larutan dengan pH = 1 hanyamengandung 0,9% kadar abu dan mengandung empat unsur anorganik yangjumlahnya berkisar antara 0,2-1,8%. Terjadi penurunan rata-rata ukuranpartikel sampel dari 262 μm sampai 59 μm dengan perubahan kondisi larutandari pH = 12 ke pH = 1.
Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Udang untuk Menghasilkan Enzim Kitinase dari Streptomyces macrosporeus InaCC A454
Authors: Soeka Yati Sudaryati , Triana Evi
Published: July 2018

Kitinase (EC 3.2.1.14) adalah enzim yang dapat menghidrolisis ikatanpanjang polimer asetil-D-glukosamina (kitin) menjadi ikatan polimer kitinyang lebih pendek. Kitin banyak ditemukan pada cangkang hewaninvertebrata laut, terutama krustasea,serangga, moluska, dinding sel jamur.Limbah udang sangat penting sebagai sumber kitin. Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk menentukan karakteristik enzim kitinase yang dihasilkan olehaktinomisetes asal P. Belitung dengan substrat kitin dari limbah udang,meliputi waktu inkubasi, pengaruh pH, suhu optimum serta stabilitas.Pengaruh beberapa ion-ion logam sebagai aktivator atau inhibitor terhadapaktivitas enzim kitinase diukur dengan spektrofotometer pada λ 584 nm.Strain aktinomisetes diidentifikasi secara molekuler berdasarkan 16S rDNAsekuen. Aktivitas kitinase secara kualitatif diperlihatkan dengan adanya zonabening di sekitar koloni pada media yang mengandung 1% koloidal kitin.Hasil menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas tertinggi pada waktu inkubasi lima hari,suhu 50ºC dan pH 8 berturut-turut sebesar 0,0304 U/mL, 0,0312 U/mL dan0,0421 U/mL. Pengaruh ion logam dalam bentuk kationdivalen danmonovalen masing-masing pada konsentrasi 1 mM diaktifkan olehkationdivalen CaCl2, MnCl2, CuCl2 dan kation monovalen KCl, NaCl.Identifikasi molekuler berdasarkan sekuen16S rDNA menunjukkan bahwaisolat aktinomisetes ini adalah Streptomyces macrosporeus. Strain ini telahdidaftarkan di kultur koleksi InaCC dengan nomor koleksi A 454.
Simple Purification of Vetiver Oil by Multiglass Plate System for Quality Improvement
Authors: Yanto Evi , Agustian Egi , Sulaswatty Anny
Published: July 2018

Vetiver oil is one of essential oil from Indonesia which no synthetic substitute is available. The drawback of vetiver oil from Indonesia is smoky odor and dark appearance. To increase added value of Indonesian vetiver oil, therefore it is need method with cheap production, simple and easy to operate. Multiglass plate system (MGS) is one method to increase added value of vetiver oil. The aim of this research is to improve the vetiver oil quality in terms of appearance, odor and the physicochemical properties by MGS method and also optimize the operation condition on the vetiver oil yield and total vetiverol contents. The process parameters used on this research are to optimize the flow rate, angular and amount of glass plate. As a result, was obtained the optimum condition in 0.38 ml/sec of flow rate, 3o of glass plate angular and 5 of glass plate to increase 15% of total vetiverol contents, while the yields decreased until 5.6%. Refined vetiver oil by MGS are almost meet fulfill with Indonesia National Standard number 06-2386-2006 except total vetiverol contents and odor. Even though, the total vetiverol content increased and the odor became slightly smoky compare to raw material. Based on the results, MGS method can give higher purification of vetiverol of increase vetiver oil quality with easy to handle, low cost operation and also can moved to anywhere due to portable unit and mobile system.
Quo Vadis Turcjo – koniec europejskiego kierunku w polityce zagranicznej Turcji?
Authors: ADAMCZYK ARTUR
Published: July 2018

Turcja od czasu powstania republiki w 1923 r. ukierunkowana była na westernizację i budowanie ścisłych kontaktów z państwami europejskimi. Także po zakończeniu drugiej wojny światowej i powstaniu systemu dwublokowego zadecydowała o członkostwie w bloku państw kapitalistycznych jako sojusznik w ramach NATO oraz aspirant do członkostwa we Wspólnotach Europejskich. Rozpad systemu jałtańskiego i powstanie układu multipolarnego stał się wyzwaniem dla kształtowania nowych kierunków w polityce zagranicznej Turcji, osłabił równocześnie jej związki z Zachodem. Ankara uwierzyła bezkrytycznie we własny potencjał i możliwości pełnienia roli mocarstwa regionalnego i państwa euroazjatyckiego budującego swoje wpływy na obszarze dawnego Imperium Otomańskiego. Wydaje się jednak, że bezkrytyczna samoocena i wygórowane ambicje przerosły możliwości polityków tureckich.
Kryzys migracyjny w Unii Europejskiej z perspektywy Bałkanów Zachodnich
Authors: PODGÓRZAŃSKA RENATA
Published: July 2018

Uwzględniając złożony charakter migracji, artykuł koncentruje się na problemie percepcji kryzysu z punktu widzenia Bałkanów Zachodnich, a przede wszystkim na wskazaniu implikacji kryzysu migracyjnego dla państw tego obszaru. Artykuł nie ma na celu całościowej analizy problemu migracji, koncentruje się jedynie na wybranych kwestiach postrzeganych jako istotne. Implikacje kryzysu migracyjnego dla państw zachodniobałkańskich należy rozpatrywać na kilku poziomach. Po pierwsze, należy mieć na uwadze konsekwencje, jakie wywołuje kryzys migracyjny na poziomie poszczególnych państw, chociażby w kontekście ich bezpieczeństwa. Drugi poziom analizy, to relacje dwustronne i implikacje kryzysu dla ich charakteru i dynamiki. Trzeci, to współpraca regionalna państw Bałkanów Zachodnich. Czwarty zaś, to relacje UE – państwa Bałkanów Zachodnich. Kryzys migracyjny z perspektywy państw Bałkanów Zachodnich skłania do sformułowania kilku wniosków. Po pierwsze, oddziaływanie kryzysu migracyjnego na poszczególne państwa w regionie jest zróżnicowany. Po drugie, kryzys migracyjny uwypuklił mankamenty dotychczasowej współpracy państw regionu, akcentując różnice stanowisk i postaw w kontekście sposobów radzenia sobie z następstwami kryzysu. Po trzecie, żadne z państw regionu nie stanowi punktu docelowego dla imigrantów, a jedynie państwo tranzytowe w ich drodze do zasobniejszych państw zachodnich. Po czwarte, kryzys migracyjny może mieć dynamizujący wpływ na proces integracji z UE z zastrzeżeniem wypełniania przez państwa aspirujące wymogów formalnych.
Krytyczne spojrzenie na europejskie aspiracje Ukrainy i stanowisko Polski
Authors: PARTACZ CZESŁAW
Published: July 2018

Proklamowanie nowego państwa o nazwie Ukraina w 1991 roku zmieniło sytuację geopolityczną w Europie, ponieważ weszło ono do grona sześciu największych państw kontynentu. Już w 1994 roku Ukraina podpisała z UE układ o partnerstwie i współpracy. W latach 1998–2015 odbyło się piętnaście spotkań Ukraina–UE w celu wejścia tego państwa do struktur europejskich. Mimo niespełnienia przez nie kryteriów kopenhaskich, podpisano umowę stowarzyszeniową, ratyfikowaną przez część państw UE. W wyniku wielu procesów wewnętrznych i realizacji polityki według zasad skrajnych ideologii, Ukraina po ćwierćwieczu istnienia, stała się państwem upadłym, przeżartym przez korupcję, system oligarchiczno-mafijny i ideologię nacjonalizmu. Jest to państwo zagrożone rozpadem swego terytorium lub wejściem w orbitę wpływów Rosji, o co toczy się obecna wojna. Dążenia władz Ukrainy do wejścia w struktury UE są więc całkowicie nierealne i bezprzedmiotowe.
From revolution to resistance: a study on the discursive demise of the Egyptian Arab Spring
Authors: Bogomolov Alexander
Published: July 2018

From revolution to resistance: a study on the discursive demise of the Egyptian Arab Spring
Nordisk namnerenessanse i norske førenamn
Authors: Nedrelid Gudlaug
Published: July 2018

Nordisk namnerenessanse i norske førenamn
Nowy paradygmat dydaktyczny: komponent kreatywny
Authors: Nizhneva Natallia , Zaniewski Jan , Nizhneva-Ksenofontava Nadzieja
Published: July 2018

Nowy paradygmat dydaktyczny: komponent kreatywny
Frazy nominalne w narzędniku w języku polskim i ich odpowiedniki w języku niemieckim
Authors: Schatte Czesława , Schatte Christoph
Published: July 2018

Frazy nominalne w narzędniku w języku polskim i ich odpowiedniki w języku niemieckim
An Update on the Impact of Forging Residual Stress in Airframe Component Design
Authors: Ball Dale L.
Published: July 2018

In a recently concluded study, the effects of forging process–induced bulk residual stresses on fatigue life were evaluated at both the coupon and large component level. During this program, it was demonstrated that the extraction of confounding residual stress effects from material property data (especially fatigue crack growth rate data), coupled with the explicit inclusion of forging residual stresses in subsequent fatigue analyses, resulted in a significant improvement in the fidelity of those analyses. In the first phase of the program, coupon-level tests were carefully designed, executed, and analyzed, and it was shown that the newly developed methods resulted in analysis versus test life correlation ratios that were either within the United States Air Force (USAF) required scatter factor of 2, or were conservative. This is in contrast to a much broader scatter band (5x) for calculations made using traditional (non–residual-stress-informed) methods. The explicit residual stress method was incorporated into an integrated structural design/analysis tool suite that allows zoning of parts into residual stress–specific regions, automated generation of location-specific fatigue spectra, automated execution of fatigue crack initiation, fatigue crack growth, and residual strength analyses, and automated generation of fatigue-based design, allowable stresses, and margins of safety. In the second phase of the program, the residual stress design procedure was applied (to the furthest extent possible) to the design and manufacture of a large, fighter aircraft bulkhead. The objective of this phase of the program was to demonstrate, by way of two large component fatigue tests, that the technology would scale to the structural level, and that its use would result in components that are either lighter or more durable (or both) than their traditionally designed counterparts. In this article, we compare and contrast the traditional versus residual stress–informed design procedures, and we describe in detail the resulting baseline and “optimized” test articles. A full description of the fatigue tests, along with comparisons between detailed fatigue calculations and test findings, are given.
Experimental Measurements of J
c-Values for a Low Alloy Structural Steel Using Nonstandard Bend Specimens and Evaluation of the Reference Temperature, T
Authors: Barbosa Vitor Scarabeli , Ruggieri Claudio
Published: July 2018

This work experimentally investigates the cleavage fracture behavior of a high strength, low alloy structural steel using standard and nonstandard single-edge notched bend specimens, including nonstandard precracked Charpy-type configurations tested under three-point bending. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of geometry and loading mode on fracture toughness using nonstandard bend specimens under three-point and four-point loading. Fracture toughness testing conducted on various bend specimen geometries extracted from an ASTM A572, Standard Specification for High-Strength Low Alloy Columbium-Vanadium Structural Steel, Grade 50 steel plate provides the cleavage fracture resistance data in terms of the J-integral at cleavage instability, Jc. The experimental results show potential effects of specimen geometry and loading mode on Jc-values that can help to mitigate the effects of constraint loss often observed in smaller fracture specimens. An exploratory application derived from the master curve methodology to determine the reference temperature, T0, also provides additional support for using nonstandard bend specimens in routine fracture applications.
Problems in English Communicating Skills for Learners of English
Authors: Ahmed Dr. Ishag Adam Hassan
Published: July 2018

This paper is devoted to presenting the methods in English communicating skills for Learners of English in general and the problems specific to University of Bahri. English language major’s graduates then; it discusses the notion of communicative competence, and defines strategic competence. It also briefly deals with the various definitions of communication strategies and taxonomies of conversation strategies. Also, I give brief definition of the word conversation, that is the act of talking together or exchange ideas, opinions, skills, and information. As accustomed, speaking is natural and automatic but communication is an art which must be learned and practiced. Also the aim of this paper is to present you with suitable suggestions about how you can solve problems while reading English? In order to comply with this objective: we considered two variables. The first one is that within our daily practice at the university we have students with different abilities while reading English. Therefore, we need to help them increase the ability in reading comprehension. However, we don’t have enough teachers and needed resources to supply them with the help they need. The second variable is related to the fact that at University there are different centers where the students’ skills can improve and their reading comprehension skills deficiencies could be overcome by getting help from the teachers. This study is small component of a larger curriculum review exercise. The findings of study in general suggest that both students and English language lecturers were in agreement that Sudanese students had a problem in writing and speaking English and due to that the conversational problems are raised.      Finally, the paper concludes by representing the pedagogical implications of conversation strategies.
Set-up of the Electronic Database of Pediatric Cancer Patients in Pilot Medical Facilities: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Rykov Maxim Yu. , Turabov Ivan A. , Zheludkova Olga G.
Published: July 2018

Background. At present, there is no reliable statistical data (morbidity, mortality, one-year mortality, etc.) that characterize the state of medical care for children with cancers in the Russian Federation seen in due to the lack of an universal electronic database of patients. Objective. Improve the reliability of statistical data. Methods. In the clinical practice of two pilot medical facilities, an electronic database of pediatric cancer patients was introduced which allows: keep patient records with a diagnosis, key dates, follow-up data; analyze the treatment received earlier and assess its quality; make a treatment plan; obtain information on the availability of beds and the number of patients in various medical facilities; perform medical consultations involving the of specialists of the third level medical institutions. Patient (or legal representatives of the patient), has access to the «private cabinet» which provides information on the treatment plan including a schedule for taking medicines, as well as routing possibilities. Results. In the period of 6 months (09.17–02.18), information on 75 patients who received treatment from 2017 to the present was put into the electronic database. Conclusion. The electronic database provides reliable statistical data, helps monitoring the quality of medical care and routing patients. This results in reducing the budget costs and improving the survival of patients.
PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF DEVELOPMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN RELATION WITH CARDIOVASCULAR RISK (ESSE-RF IN KEMEROVSKAYA REGION)
Authors: Tsygankova D. P. , Shapovalova E. B. , Maksimov S. A. , Artamonova G. V.
Published: July 2018

Aim. Evaluation of cardiovascular risk factors influence on the development of cardiovascular events (hospitalization, coronary and carotid surgery, death) in prospective study.

Material and methods. Analysis was performed by the results of multicenter epidemiologic study “Epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors in Russian Federation (ESSE-RF)” in Kemerovskaya oblast, collected on a random sample of adult inhabitants, age 25-64 y. o. (n=1628). With the first screening, by interviewing, the data collected, on the main cardiovascular risk factors and objective data. In the prospective part of the study, in 4 years after primary screening, in participants and their families the data collected by phone interviewing, on cardiovascular events. Combinational endpoint was evaluated, by the class of cardiovascular pathology: death + hospitalization + surgery on coronary/carotid vessels. Combined influence of the studied factors was assessed with logistic regression.

Results. Among the parameters of objective study, statistically significantly influenced the probability of combination endpoint development the age (OR=1,06 in 95% CI 1,02-1,09), male gender (OR=3,79 in 95% CI 1,88-7,61); influence of anamnesis of myocardial infarction is close to significant (OR=2,43 in 95% CI 0,73-8,10). Of the questionnaire-based parameters, significant influences on the probability of combinational endpoint development depression (OR=2,38 in 95% CI 1,32-4,29). Close to significant — absence no family status (OR=1,75 in 95% CI 0,98-3,13) and decreased life quality by EUROQOL-EQ-5D (OR=1,21 in 95% CI 0,98-1,49).

Conclusion. A significant impact on the probability of cardiovascular diseases development during 4 year period of the study, do influence the age, male gender and depression.
DO CHILDHOOD CONDITIONS OF LIFE INFLUENCE COGNITION AT ADULT AGE?
Authors: Imaeva A. E. , Kapustina A. V. , Balanova Yu. A. , Muromtseva G. A. , Deev A. D. , Shalnova S. A. , Shkolnikov V. М.
Published: July 2018

Aim. To assess changes of cognitive function in population older 55 y. in relation with childhood life conditions.

Material and methods. The study is a part of prospective cohort trial “Stress, ageing and health”. Totally, 1816 participants included, of those 20% (358) with declined cognitive ability. Childhood life conditions were evaluated with the questions: “Characterize the place where you spent most of your childhood”, “Education level of your parent”, “When you were growing up, was your family wealth better or worse than average that times?”, “When you were growing up, how often you went to bed with hunger due to lack of food in your family?”. Life quality was measured with the score Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and decreased life quality was set if less than 24 points from 30. Associations were evaluated with logistic regression after correction for social and demographic parameters, alcohol intake status and diagnoses of arterial hypertension and stroke.

Results. With analysis of decreased cognitive function association and conditions of life, it was found that childhood in rural areas increases the risk of the problem 1,6 times (p=0,001). Higher education of father (not mother) decreases the risk of lower cognitive functioning by 45% (p=0,001). There were significant associations of hunger in childhood with decreased cognitive function (p=0,006). Also, the lower wealth in the family where participant was growing up, the higher risk of decreased cognitive functioning at later stage of life (HR 1,68 (95% CI 1,07-1,94) p=0,02).

Conclusion. Results of the current study witness on the presence of adverse childhood life circumstances and cognition decline at adulthood.
Irradiance and Radiant Exposures Delivered by LED Light-Curing Units Used by a Left and Right-Handed Operator
Authors: Soares Carlos José , Bragança Gabriel Felipe de , Pereira Renata Afonso da Silva , Rodrigues Monise de Paula , Braga Stella Sueli Lourenço , Oliveira Laís Rani Sales , Giannini Marcelo , Price Richard Bengt
Published: July 2018

Abstract The combination of the restoration location, the hand preference of the operator using the light-curing unit (LCU), and the design of the LCU all can have an impact on the amount of the light delivered to the restoration. To evaluate the effect of left-handed or right-handed users, the position of the operator (dentist or assistant), and the LCU design on the irradiance, radiant exposure and emission spectrum delivered to the same posterior tooth. Two light emitting diode (LED) LCUs were tested: an angulated monowave LCU Radii-Cal (SDI, Victoria, Australia) and a straight aligned multi-peak LCU Valo Cordless (Ultradent, South Jordan, UT, USA). The irradiance values (mW/cm2), radiant exposure (J/cm2) and emission spectrum were measured using a sensor in maxillary left second molar tooth. The irradiance and radiant exposure were analyzed using three-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test (a=0.05). The emission spectra (nm) were analyzed descriptively. The interaction between LCU design, operator position, and hand preference significantly influenced the irradiance and radiant exposure (P<0.001). In all cases, Valo delivered significantly higher irradiance than Radii-Cal. The handedness and the operator position affected the irradiance and radiant exposure delivered from Valo. Operator position and access affect the irradiance and radiant exposure delivered to the maxillary left second molar. The irradiance and radiant exposure can be greater when a right-hand operator is positioned on the right side of the chair and a left-hand operator is positioned on the left side of the chair. This may result in better resin composite polymerization.