bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study of production outsourcing strategies of dual oligopoly manufacturers based on quality investments
Authors: Wang Yang , Deng Tongbo , Cheng Huibing
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Self-production and outsourcing are two important production strategies for manufacturers, and the production capacity and investment capacity of manufacturers and suppliers play a decisive role in the quality of products. This study aims to analyze the manufacturer’s best production strategy and the drivers of outsourcing in the context of quality.

Methods: This study constructs production outsourcing game models for duopoly manufacturers, examines the trade-offs between self-production and outsourcing when suppliers have the ability to invest in quality, explores the requirements and implications of outsourcing and compares the differences between “one-to-one” and “one-to-many” outsourcing structures.

Results: First, outsourcing can reduce the level of product quality and that a necessary condition for manufacturers’ outsourcing is a strong advantage in the supplier’s production costs. Second, duopoly manufacturers may face a prisoner’s dilemma as a result of outsourcing. Finally, compared to two independent suppliers, outsourcing to a common supplier can increase the level of product quality by exploiting the centralization effect and increase the firm’s profits when the market’s competition intensity is low.

Conclusion: First, the production strategy balance of duopoly manufacturers is closely related to the outsourcing structure, production efficiency and investment efficiency. Second, duopoly manufacturers choose outsourcing may fall into the prisoner’s dilemma, and outsourcing has the risk of quality reduction.
Characterization of three lamp genes from largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides): molecular cloning, expression patterns, and their transcriptional levels in response to fast and refeeding strategy
Authors: Yang Yan-Lin , Zeng Wan-Hong , Peng Yong , Zuo Shi-Yu , Fu Yuan-Qi , Xiao Yi-Ming , Huang Wen-Li , Wen Zheng-Yong , Hu Wei , Yang Yu-Ying , Huang Xiao-Feng
Published: April 2024

Lysosomes-associated membrane proteins (LAMPs), a family of glycosylated proteins and major constituents of the lysosomal membranes, play a dominant role in various cellular processes, including phagocytosis, autophagy and immunity in mammals. However, their roles in aquatic species remain poorly known. In the present study, three lamp genes were cloned and characterized from Micropterus salmoides. Subsequently, their transcriptional levels in response to different nutritional status were investigated. The full-length coding sequences of lamp1, lamp2 and lamp3 were 1251bp, 1224bp and 771bp, encoding 416, 407 and 256 amino acids, respectively. Multiple sequence alignment showed that LAMP1-3 were highly conserved among the different fish species, respectively. 3-D structure prediction, genomic survey, and phylogenetic analysis were further confirmed that these genes are widely existed in vertebrates. The mRNA expression of the three genes was ubiquitously expressed in all selected tissues, including liver, brain, gill, heart, muscle, spleen, kidney, stomach, adipose and intestine, lamp1 shows highly transcript levels in brain and muscle, lamp2 displays highly expression level in heart, muscle and spleen, but lamp3 shows highly transcript level in spleen, liver and kidney. To analyze the function of the three genes under starvation stress in largemouth bass, three experimental treatment groups (fasted group and refeeding group, control group) were established in the current study. The results indicated that the expression of lamp1 was significant induced after starvation, and then returned to normal levels after refeeding in the liver. The expression of lamp2 and lamp3 exhibited the same trend in the liver. In addition, in the spleen and the kidney, the transcript level of lamp1 and lamp2 was remarkably increased in the fasted treatment group and slightly decreased in the refed treatment group, respectively. Collectively, our findings suggest that three lamp genes may have differential function in the immune and energetic organism in largemouth bass, which is helpful in understanding roles of lamps in aquatic species.
Synergistic approach of PCR-based fragment length analysis and amplicon deep sequencing reveals rich diversity of S-alleles in sweet cherries from the Caucasian region of origin
Authors: Schröpfer Susan , Schuster Mirko , Quero-Garcia José , López-Ortega Gregorio , Flachowsky Henryk
Published: April 2024

Introduction

The self-incompatibility system in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) prevents fertilization with own or genetically related pollen, and is genetically determined by the multi-allelic S-locus. Therefore, determining S-alleles is crucial for plant breeding and fruit production, as it enables the selection of compatible combinations of S-genotypes for successful pollination.

Methods

In this study, S-alleles were identified in a total of 260 genotypes from the Caucasian region, the species’ center of origin. S-allele genotyping was conducted using PCR fragment length analysis with the standard marker PaConsI-F/R2 and reference genotypes, complemented by sequence analysis through amplicon deep sequencing.

Results and discussion

The genotypes collected from Azerbaijan and Turkey exhibit a high allelic richness at the S-locus, particularly compared to modern sweet cherry cultivars worldwide. Nine previously undescribed S-alleles were identified and designated as S45, S46, S47, S48, S49, S50, S51, S52 and S53. Given the expected high diversity for other traits, this plant material represents a valuable resource for further breeding research and introgression of new traits in future breeding programs. Furthermore, our results underscore that fragment length alone may not be sufficient for unambiguous assignment of S-alleles due to minimal length differences between different alleles. To address this issue, an S-allele reference ladder was developed using the rich diversity for precise assignment of the S-alleles. This tool can be applied in future experiments as a robust and cost-effective method for accurate S-genotyping across different runs and laboratories. Additionally, several selected S-genotypes were planted in a trial field and will be maintained as an S-allele reference collection.
Incorporating uncertainty within dynamic interoceptive learning
Authors: Brand Katja , Wise Toby , Hess Alexander J. , Russell Bruce R. , Stephan Klaas E. , Harrison Olivia K.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Interoception, the perception of the internal state of the body, has been shown to be closely linked to emotions and mental health. Of particular interest are interoceptive learning processes that capture associations between environmental cues and body signals as a basis for making homeostatically relevant predictions about the future. One method of measuring respiratory interoceptive learning that has shown promising results is the Breathing Learning Task (BLT). While the original BLT required binary predictions regarding the presence or absence of an upcoming inspiratory resistance, here we extended this paradigm to capture continuous measures of prediction (un)certainty.

Methods

Sixteen healthy participants completed the continuous version of the BLT, where they were asked to predict the likelihood of breathing resistances on a continuous scale from 0.0 to 10.0. In order to explain participants' responses, a Rescorla-Wagner model of associative learning was combined with suitable observation models for continuous or binary predictions, respectively. For validation, we compared both models against corresponding null models and examined the correlation between observed and modeled predictions. The model was additionally extended to test whether learning rates differed according to stimuli valence. Finally, summary measures of prediction certainty as well as model estimates for learning rates were considered against interoceptive and mental health questionnaire measures.

Results

Our results demonstrated that the continuous model fits closely captured participant behavior using empirical data, and the binarised predictions showed excellent replicability compared to previously collected data. However, the model extension indicated that there were no significant differences between learning rates for negative (i.e. breathing resistance) and positive (i.e. no breathing resistance) stimuli. Finally, significant correlations were found between fatigue severity and both prediction certainty and learning rate, as well as between anxiety sensitivity and prediction certainty.

Discussion

These results demonstrate the utility of gathering enriched continuous prediction data in interoceptive learning tasks, and suggest that the updated BLT is a promising paradigm for future investigations into interoceptive learning and potential links to mental health.
Temporal binding and sense of agency in major depression
Authors: Vogel David H. V. , Jording Mathis , Weiss Peter H. , Vogeley Kai
Published: April 2024

Background

Alterations in the experience of controlling oneself and one’s environment are of high relevance to understanding the psychopathology of depression. This study investigated the relationship between Temporal Binding for action-event sequences, sense of agency, self-efficacy and symptom severity in Major Depressive Disorder.

Method

We employed the Sense of Agency Scale (SoAS) and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) to assess explicit Sense of Agency and self-efficacy in a group of 42 persons diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) [20 identifying as female, 19 as male; mean age 37.8 years (± 13.3)] and 40 control persons without a psychiatric diagnosis (CG) [22 identifying as female, 20 as male; mean age 38.0 years ( ± 13.3)]. Depressive symptom severity was measured using the BDI-II. We additionally performed a temporal binding paradigm as a potential correlate to Sense of Agency. Participants partook in a time estimation task judging three intervals (250ms, 450ms, 650ms) while either observing or causing stimulus presentations. The underestimation of intervals following intentional actions causing stimulus presentations (compared to merely observing the stimulus presentation) is interpreted as temporal binding.

Results

SoAS scores demonstrated an inverse correlation with depressive symptoms (CG: p=.032, R2=.113; MDD: p<.001, R2=.260) and a positive correlation with GSE scores (CG: p<.001, R2=.379; MDD: p<.001, R2=.254). We found distinct differences in temporal binding between healthy participants and the Major Depressive Disorder group without significant correlation between temporal binding and the SoAS or GSE scores. The data suggest group differences in time estimation particular pertaining to time intervals involving intentional action and increasingly complex multisensory stimuli.

Discussion

We investigated parameters of subjective control, namely Sense of Agency and Self Efficacy. Here, we were able to reveal their inverse relationship with depressive symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder, highlighting a profound experience of loss of control with increasing symptom load. Deficits in experiencing control, particularly involving intentional motor actions (and more complex multisensory stimuli), appear to be more pronounced in Major Depressive Disorder, involving not only negative self-efficacy expectations but also an altered Sense of Agency and temporal binding. Temporal binding and SoAS scores did not correlate, adding to the growing evidence that the two measures may not be directly related. We propose that future research be directed at this contiguous relationship between Sense of Agency and Self Efficacy in Major Depressive Disorder.
Peace through health: traditional medicine meditation in the prevention of collective stress, violence, and war
Authors: Schneider Robert H. , Dillbeck Michael C. , Yeola Gunvant , Nader Tony
Published: April 2024

In the midst of global armed conflicts, notably the Israel-Hamas and Ukraine-Russia wars, there is an urgent need for innovative public health strategies in peacebuilding. The devastating impact of wars, including mortality, injury, disease, and the diversion of healthcare resources, necessitates effective and durable interventions. This perspective aligns with WHO recommendations and examines the role of evidence-based meditation from Ayurveda and Yoga in public health to mitigate collective stress and prevent collective violence and war. It highlights the Transcendental Meditation program, recognized for reducing stress, with contemporary evidence supporting its effectiveness in mental health, mind–body disorders, cardiovascular disease, and public health. Empirical studies with cross-cultural replications indicate that these Traditional Medicine meditation practices can reduce collective stress and prevent collective violence and war activity while improving quality of life. The mechanisms of group meditation in mitigating collective violence are explored through public health models, cognitive neuroscience, population neuroscience, quantum physics principles, and systems medicine. This perspective suggests that Transcendental Meditation and the advanced TM-Sidhi program, as a component of Traditional Medicine, can provide a valuable platform for enhancing societal well-being and peace by addressing brain-based factors fundamental to collective stress and violence.
Variations in domestic energy efficiency by property, neighbourhood and local authority type: where are the largest challenges for the net-zero transition of the UK’s residential stock?
Authors: Buyuklieva Boyana , Oléron-Evans Thomas , Bailey Nick , Dennett Adam
Published: April 2024

Achieving net zero in the UK requires radical improvements in energy efficiency in housing combined with the decarbonisation of domestic heating. Achieving the energy efficiency goals requires a systems approach which takes account of variations at the level of individual properties but also the levels of neighbourhood and the local governance context. Our study provides insights into the scale of the challenge and how this varies by spatial context using property-level energy efficiency measures from Energy Performance Certificates data between 2008–22 and covering approximately half of the residential stock in England and Wales. We use a series of multi-level models to provide insights into how differences in energy efficiency are related to factors at each scale. Our findings show that, while the great majority of variation lies at the property level, there is some variation at the neighbourhood (output area—OA) level. Controlling for property characteristics, energy efficiency is slightly higher in neighbourhoods characterised by more disadvantaged populations. There is little evidence, therefore, that more affluent groups are either choosing to move into more energy-efficient housing or making a significant effort to invest in energy efficiency. While government support has been targeted at more disadvantaged groups, this suggests that more will need to be done to motivate or require more widespread action if the UK is to meet its net zero targets. There is only small variation at the local authority (LA) level suggesting little difference in the range or effectiveness of strategies by that tier of governance, but also that all households face similar challenges going forwards.
Predicting clinical endpoints and visual changes with quality-weighted tissue-based renal histological features
Authors: Tam Ka Ho , Soares Maria F. , Kers Jesper , Sharples Edward J. , Ploeg Rutger J. , Kaisar Maria , Rittscher Jens
Published: April 2024

Two common obstacles limiting the performance of data-driven algorithms in digital histopathology classification tasks are the lack of expert annotations and the narrow diversity of datasets. Multi-instance learning (MIL) can address the former challenge for the analysis of whole slide images (WSI), but performance is often inferior to full supervision. We show that the inclusion of weak annotations can significantly enhance the effectiveness of MIL while keeping the approach scalable. An analysis framework was developed to process periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Sirius Red (SR) slides of renal biopsies. The workflow segments tissues into coarse tissue classes. Handcrafted and deep features were extracted from these tissues and combined using a soft attention model to predict several slide-level labels: delayed graft function (DGF), acute tubular injury (ATI), and Remuzzi grade components. A tissue segmentation quality metric was also developed to reduce the adverse impact of poorly segmented instances. The soft attention model was trained using 5-fold cross-validation on a mixed dataset and tested on the QUOD dataset containing n=373 PAS and n=195 SR biopsies. The average ROC-AUC over different prediction tasks was found to be 0.598±0.011, significantly higher than using only ResNet50 (0.545±0.012), only handcrafted features (0.542±0.011), and the baseline (0.532±0.012) of state-of-the-art performance. In conjunction with soft attention, weighting tissues by segmentation quality has led to further improvement (AUC=0.618±0.010). Using an intuitive visualisation scheme, we show that our approach may also be used to support clinical decision making as it allows pinpointing individual tissues relevant to the predictions.
“He is just Ken:” deconstructing hegemonic masculinity in Barbie (2023 Movie)
Authors: Yakalı Dikmen
Published: April 2024

Scholars have consistently explored Barbie in various contexts, often subjecting it to critical analysis. However, the release of the Barbie 2023 Movie has shifted our focus from Barbie to Ken, marking the first occasion when Barbie has provided a platform for exploring representations of masculinity both in the patriarchal society and in popular culture. This article aims to investigate how the 2023 Barbie movie deconstructs symbols of hegemonic and toxic masculinity and its performative aspects within the framework of (post)feminist discourse. It examines how the movie satirically employs symbols of traditional, hegemonic masculinity to challenge normative masculine ideals prevalent in our patriarchal society. The movie -through its popularity- significantly contributes to mainstream postfeminist media culture, creating a platform where discussions on masculinity, its associated crises, and the broader gender wars, along with their existential ramifications, become unavoidable. Exploring the ways masculinities are problematized and contested within postfeminist media culture, I argue that Ken, within this narrative, is positioned as the latest icon of postfeminist masculinity, symbolizing a critical juncture in the ongoing discourse on gender roles and identities.
Precision soft tissue balancing: grid-assisted pie-crusting in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Rezaei Arash , Moon John , Lichtig Asher , Mera Barbara , Drake Brett , Choubey Apurva S. , Kim Sunjung , Tueni Nicole , Piponov Hristo , Koh Jason , Karam Joseph , Amirouche Farid
Published: April 2024

Introduction

The varus and valgus knee deformities result from imbalance in tension between medial and lateral soft tissue compartments. These conditions need to be addressed during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, there is no consensus on optimal soft-tissue release techniques for correcting varus and valgus deformities during TKA. We assessed the efficacy of a novel grid-based pie-crusting technique on soft-tissue release.

Methods

Cadaver knees were dissected, leaving only the femur and tibia connected by an isolated MCL or the femur and fibula connected by an isolated LCL. Bone cuts were made as performed during primary TKA. Mechanical testing was performed using an MTS machine. A 3D-printed 12-hole grid was placed directly over the MCL and LCL. Using an 18-gauge needle, horizontal in-out perforations were made 3 mm apart. Deformation and stiffness of the ligaments were collected after every 2 perforations. Means were calculated, and regression analyses were performed.

Results

A total of 7 MCL and 6 LCL knees were included in our analysis. The mean medial femorotibial (MFT) space increased from 6.018 ± 1.4 mm–7.078 ± 1.414 mm (R2 = 0.937) following 12 perforations. The mean MCL stiffness decreased from 32.15 N/mm–26.57 N/mm (R2 = 0.965). For the LCL group, the mean gap between the femur and ﬁbula increased from 4.287 mm–4.550 mm following 8 perforations. The mean LCL stiffness decreased from 29.955 N/mm–25.851 N/mm. LCL stiffness displayed a strong inverse relationship with the number of holes performed (R2 = 0.988).

Discussion

Our results suggest that using this novel grid for pie-crusting of the MCL and LCL allows for gradual lengthening of the ligaments without sacrificing their structural integrity. Our proposed technique may serve as a valuable piece in the soft-tissue release toolkit for orthopaedic surgeons performing TKA in varus and valgus deformed knees.
Are two beneficial mutations (p.Q249R and 90-bp Indel) within the ovine BMPRIB gene associated with growth traits?
Authors: Xu Hongwei , Akhmet Nazar , Luo Yunyun , Guo Zhenggang , Pan Chuanying , Song Enliang , Malmakov Nurlan , Akhatayeva Zhanerke , Lan Xianyong
Published: April 2024

Background

The problem of achieving economic efficiency in sheep breeding can be largely solved by increasing sheep productivity. Recently, the BMPRIB gene has been revealed by GWAS as a potential candidate gene for sheep body morphometric traits. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether genetic polymorphisms (p.Q249R SNP and 90-bp deletion) in the BMPRIB gene are associated with sheep growth traits.

Methods

PCR-based genotyping was performed on 1,875 sheep, including 1,191 Guiqian semi-fine wool (GQSFW), 560 Luxi Blackhead (LXBH), 55 Lanzhou fat-tailed (LZFT), and 69 Weining (WN) sheep. Genotype–phenotype association was assessed using the independent samples t-test and ANOVA. The significance level was set at αoriginal < 0.05. The threshold p-value for significance was adjusted after correction for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni correction.

Results

After the Bonferroni correction, it was found that individuals with FecB+/FecB+ genotypes of the p.Q249R had significantly better growth traits in LXBH ewe lambs, including the body length, chest width, paunch girth, cannon circumference, and hip width (P<0.0005). Meanwhile, associations were observed between 90-bp deletion polymorphism and several growth traits (body length, body height, chest depth, and canon circumference) in GQSFW ewe adults after the Bonferroni correction (P < 0.0002), and individuals with the “DD” genotypes had greater growth traits.

Conclusion

Our findings align with the experimental observations from GWAS, which identified the BMPRIB gene as a potential candidate gene for body measurement traits. These findings not only confirm the previous study's results but also expand on them. Therefore, further investigations regarding the impact of BMPRIB polymorphisms on growth traits are necessary in other sheep breeds.
Impact of Everolimus Initiation and Corticosteroid Weaning During Acute Phase After Heart Transplantation on Clinical Outcome: Data from the Korean Organ Transplant Registry (KOTRY)
Authors: Lee Kyu-Sun , Kim Hyungseop , Lee Sun Hwa , Choi Dong-Ju , Yoon Minjae , Jeon Eun-Seok , Choi Jin-Oh , Kang Jeehoon , Lee Hae-Young , Jung Sung-Ho , Oh Jaewon , Kang Seok-Min , Lee Soo Yong , Ju Min Ho , Kim Jae-Joong , Kim Myoung Soo , Cho Hyun-Jai
Published: April 2024

The effect of changes in immunosuppressive therapy during the acute phase post-heart transplantation (HTx) on clinical outcomes remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of changes in immunosuppressive therapy by corticosteroid (CS) weaning and everolimus (EVR) initiation during the first year post-HTx on clinical outcomes. We analyzed 622 recipients registered in the Korean Organ Transplant Registry (KOTRY) between January 2014 and December 2021. The median age at HTx was 56 years (interquartile range [IQR], 45–62), and the median follow-up time was 3.9 years (IQR 2.0–5.1). The early EVR initiation within the first year post-HTx and maintenance during the follow-up is associated with reduced the risk of primary composite outcome (all-cause mortality or re-transplantation) (HR, 0.24; 95% CI 0.09–0.68; p < 0.001) and cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) (HR, 0.39; 95% CI 0.19–0.79; p = 0.009) compared with EVR-free or EVR intermittent treatment regimen, regardless of CS weaning. However, the early EVR initiation tends to increase the risk of acute allograft rejection compared with EVR-free or EVR intermittent treatment.
Adopting Artificial Intelligence Technology for Network Operations in Digital Transformation
Authors: Min Seoungkwon , Kim Boyoung
Published: April 2024

This study aims to define factors that affect Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology introduction to network operations and analyze the relative importance of such factors. Based on this analysis of critical factors, a rational decision-making framework is suggested to promote network operations with AI technology. As affecting factors were derived based on related previous studies, the study model was designed to consist of 22 attribute factors under 6 key factors: relative advantage, compatibility, top management support, organizational readiness, competitive pressure, and cooperative relation. The questionnaire was designed and analyzed using the Delphi method and Analytics Hierarchy Process (AHP) method based on the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework. To collect data, a survey was conducted among 30 experts in network operations and AI. The importance of attribute factors was in the order of ‘goals and strategies’, ‘commitment of resources’, ‘leadership competency’, ‘financial readiness’, and ‘technology readiness’. As the importance of factors was analyzed comparatively between the demander group and provider group, organizational factors were important in the demander group. In contrast, technological factors were important in the provider group. In conclusion, there was a difference in perspectives between demanders and providers regarding adopting AI technology to network operations.
Challenges of Digital Solutions in Sugarcane Crop Production: A Review
Authors: Molin José Paulo , Wei Marcelo Chan Fu , da Silva Eudocio Rafael Otavio
Published: April 2024

Over the years, agricultural management practices are being improved as they integrate Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and Precision Agriculture tools. Regarding sugarcane crop production, this integration aims to reduce production cost, enhance input applications, and allow communication among different hardware and datasets, improving system sustainability. Sugarcane mechanization has some particularities that mandate the development of custom solutions based on digital tools, which are being applied globally in different crops. Digital mechanization can be conceived as the application of digital tools on mechanical operation. This review paper addresses different digital solutions that have contributed towards the mechanization of sugarcane crop production. The process of digitalization and transformation in agriculture and its related operations to sugarcane are presented, highlighting important ICT applications such as real-time mechanical operations monitoring and integration among operations, demonstrating their contributions and limitations regarding management efficiency. In addition, this article presents the major challenges to overcome and possible guidance on research to address these issues, i.e., poor communication technologies available, need for more focus on field and crop data, and lack of data interoperability among mechanized systems.
Reduced Tillage, Application of Straw and Effective Microorganisms as Factors of Sustainable Agrotechnology in Winter Wheat Monoculture
Authors: Kotwica Karol , Gałęzewski Lech , Wilczewski Edward , Kubiak Waldemar
Published: April 2024

In the aspect of the sustainable development of agrocenoses, the proper management of plant residues remaining after harvesting, the appropriate selection of tillage and maintaining high microbiological activity of soil are particularly important. Therefore, a four-year two-factor experiment with winter wheat monoculture was conducted. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of 18 cultivation technologies variants on weed infestation and yield structure of winter wheat grown in a 4-year monoculture. Six methods of tillage and management of residues after harvesting forecrops (first factor) and the use of microbiological preparations (second factor) were tested. The experiment showed that simplified tillage (elimination of plowing) had an adverse effect on the weed infestation of the field and most of the tested plant characteristics, including the yield. In terms of yield, the best solution was to leave the forecrop straw mulch on the field surface until plowing was carried out before sowing, regardless of the use of microbiological preparations. The application of preparations containing effective microorganisms brought beneficial effects only when the shredded straw of the forecrop was mixed with the soil using a grubber.
Learner Engagement and Demographic Influences in Brazilian Massive Open Online Courses: Aprenda Mais Platform Case Study
Authors: Silva Júlia Marques Carvalho da , Pedroso Gabriela Hahn , Veber Augusto Basso , Maruyama Úrsula Gomes Rosa
Published: April 2024

This paper explores the dynamics of student engagement and demographic influences in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). The study analyzes multiple facets of Brazilian MOOC participation, including re-enrollment patterns, course completion rates, and the impact of demographic characteristics on learning outcomes. Using survey data and statistical analyses from the public Aprenda Mais Platform, this study reveals that MOOC learners exhibit a strong tendency toward continuous learning, with a majority re-enrolling in subsequent courses within a short timeframe. The average completion rate across courses is around 42.14%, with learners maintaining consistent academic performance. Demographic factors, notably, race/color and disability, are found to influence enrollment and completion rates, underscoring the importance of inclusive educational practices. Geographical location impacts students’ decision to enroll in and complete courses, highlighting the necessity for region-specific educational strategies. The research concludes that a diverse array of factors, including content interest, personal motivation, and demographic attributes, shape student engagement in MOOCs. These insights are vital for educators and course designers in creating effective, inclusive, and engaging online learning experiences.
Improving Human Diets and Welfare through Using Herbivore-Based Foods: 1. Human and Animal Perspectives
Authors: Caradus John R. , Chapman David F. , Rowarth Jacqueline S.
Published: April 2024

Human health and diet are closely linked. The diversity of diets consumed by humans is remarkable, and most often incorporates both animal and plant-based foods. However, there has been a recent call for a reduced intake of animal-based foods due to concerns associated with human health in developed countries and perceived impacts on the environment. Yet, evidence for the superior nutritional quality of animal-sourced food such as meat, milk, and eggs, compared with plant-based foods, indicates that consumption of animal-sourced food should and will continue. This being the case, the aim here is to examine issues associated with animal-sourced foods in terms of both the quantification and mitigation of unintended consequences associated with environment, animal health, and herd management. Therefore, we examined the role of animal proteins in human societies with reference to the UN-FAO issues associated with animal-sourced foods. The emphasis is on dominant grazed pastoral-based systems, as used in New Zealand and Ireland, both with temperate moist climates and a similar reliance on global markets for generating net wealth from pastoral agricultural products. In conclusion, animal-sourced foods are shown to be an important part of the human diet. Production systems can result in unintended consequences associated with environment, animal health, and herd management, and there are technologies and systems to provide solutions to these that are available or under refinement.
Evaluation of Alacepril Administration in Canine Patent Ductus Arteriosus According to Plasma Chymase Activity
Authors: Shimada Kazumi , Hirose Miki , Hamabe Lina , Takai Shinji , Jin Denan , Yilmaz Zeki , Kocaturk Meric , Tanaka Ryou
Published: April 2024

Chymase in the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) actively contributes to cardiac disease progression. Chymase is activated to produce angiotensin II during tissue injury and is involved in hemodynamics. A recent study demonstrated that plasma chymase activity reflects hemodynamic changes and aids in understanding patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) pathophysiology. The present study examined the relationship between plasma chymase activity and the administration of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Alacepril was administered to 13 puppies with PDA. Conventional echocardiographic parameters and non-invasive blood pressure were measured before and after medication. Plasma chymase activity was calculated using the colorimetric absorbance method. Plasma chymase activity significantly increased, but blood pressure significantly decreased. We detected an increase in plasma chymase activity due to ACE inhibition in PDA cases treated with alacepril. Plasma chymase activity was affected and altered by alacepril. In veterinary medicine, plasma chymase activity may be a novel method for assessing the pathology of and therapy for cardiac diseases.
Scent Detection Threshold of Trained Dogs to Eucalyptus Hydrolat
Authors: Turunen Soile , Paavilainen Susanna , Vepsäläinen Jouko , Hielm-Björkman Anna
Published: April 2024

Dogs’ (Canis lupus familiaris) sense of smell is based on a unique anatomy and physiology that enables them to find and differentiate low concentrations of odor molecules. This ability is exploited when dogs are trained as search, rescue, or medical detection dogs. We performed a three-part study to explore the scent detection threshold of 15 dogs to an in-house-made Eucalyptus hydrolat. Here, decreasing concentrations of the hydrolat were tested using a three-alternative forced-choice method until the first incorrect response, which defined the limit of scent detection for each tested dog. Quantitative proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to identify and measure the contents of ten commercial Eucalyptus hydrolats, which are used in a dog scent training sport called “nose work”. In this study, the dogs’ limit of detection initially ranged from 1:104 to 1:1023 but narrowed down to 1:1017–1:1021 after a training period. The results show that, with training, dogs learn to discriminate decreasing concentrations of a target scent, and that dogs can discriminate Eucalyptus hydrolat at very low concentrations. We also detected different concentrations of eucalyptol and lower alcohols in the hydrolat products and highlight the importance of using an identical source of a scent in training a dog for participation in canine scent sport competitions and in olfactory research.
Effect of Ginger Root Extract on Intestinal Oxidative Status and Mucosal Morphometrics in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Apalowo Oluwabunmi O. , Minor Radiah C. , Adetunji Adedeji O. , Ekunseitan Deji A. , Fasina Yewande O.
Published: April 2024

This study was designed to assess the effect of ginger root extract (GRE) supplementation on the oxidative status and intestinal mucosal development in broiler chickens for 6 weeks. Day-old chicks (Ross 708 strain, n = 432) were distributed into six treatments with six replicate of twelve birds each: Negative CON (basal), MX (basal diet + bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) 0.055 g/kg diet), GRE-1 (basal diet + 0.375% GRE), GRE-2 (basal diet + 0.75% GRE), GRE-3 (basal diet + 1.5% GRE), GRE-4 (basal diet + 3% GRE). Growth indices, goblets cell count, mucin (MUC2) in ileum tissue, antioxidant (SOD, CAT, and GPX) in ileum and liver, biological antioxidant potential (BAP), and reactive oxygen metabolite level in blood and intestinal villi measurement were determined. Body weight (BW) was highest (p < 0.05) in all groups except GRE-4, body weight gain (BWG) was best in GRE-1, while FCR was least in all groups except GRE-4. Optimum MUC2 gene expression, SOD, CAT, blood antioxidants, and intestinal morphometric values were observed in GRE-3. The inclusion of ginger root extract up to 1.5% improved growth and reduced oxidative stress while enhancing mucosal development in broiler chicks.
A Single-Port, Multiple-Access, Custom-Made Device Used in Laparoscopically Assisted Cryptorchidectomy in Standing Horses—A Preliminary Study
Authors: Silva Rafaela das Mercês , Araújo Luiz Henrique Vilela , Cardoso Thiago da Silva , Franco Stephany Lorrane Ishida , Gurgel Heytor Jales , Cerqueira Pedro Henrique Lira , Carvalho Lucas Santos , Novais Luis Gustavo e Silva , Gonçalves José Leandro da Silva , Sousa Loise Araújo de , Albuquerque Rodrigo dos Santos , Dutra Marcos Duarte , Ferreira Tatiane Teles Albernaz , Silveira José Alcides da , Silva Marco Augusto Machado , Monteiro Francisco Décio de Oliveira , Teixeira Pedro Paulo Maia
Published: April 2024

This study evaluates a new multiport device with single access to the abdominal cavity produced with routine hospital supplies that could be applied to laparoscopically assisted cryptorchidectomy in standing horses. Initially, the new device was evaluated on five cadavers of bovine fetuses (n = 5), placed assisted in a minilaparotomy performed in the flank region. Subsequently, the device was evaluated in four cryptorchid horses treated during the hospital routine. During the evaluation of the new device, the possibilities of exploring the abdominal cavity, inspection, and intra-abdominal manipulation with two Babcock forceps were verified. The possibilities were described, and surgical time data were recorded and analyzed using descriptive statistics. In the cadavers, a wide exploration of the abdominal cavity was possible, with a laparoscopic inspection through the right paralumbar fossa and manipulation of intra-abdominal structures with Babcock forceps inserted by the new device. In cryptorchid horses, laparoscopically assisted cryptorchidectomy with a new device was feasible in two patients, and in the others, it allowed the diagnosis of adhesions and ectopic locations in the inguinal region of testicles retained in the cavity. Therefore, the new device was efficient in exploring the inguinal region of cryptorchid horses in the standing position. The present study is preliminary and can support future studies that aim to improve the developed prototype.
Studies of a Naturally Occurring Selenium-Induced Microcytic Anemia in the Przewalski’s Gazelle
Authors: Ran Yang , Li Yuanfeng , Shen Xiaoyun
Published: April 2024

Due to the fencing of the Przewalski’s gazelle (Procapra przewalskii), the microcytic anemia incidence rate continues to increase. The primary pathological symptoms include emaciation, anemia, pica, inappetence, and dyskinesia. To investigate the cause of microcytic anemia ailment in the Przewalski’s gazelle, the Upper Buha River Area with an excessive incidence was chosen as the experimental pasture, and the Bird Island Area without microcytic anemia disease was chosen as the control field. Then, the mineral contents in the soil, forage, blood, and liver, as well as the blood routine parameters and biochemical indexes were measured. The findings showed that the experimental pasture had much lower Se content in the soil and forage than the control field (p < 0.01), while the impacted pasture had significantly higher S content in the forage. The damaged gazelles had considerably lower Se and Cu contents and higher S content in the blood and liver than the healthy gazelles (p < 0.01). The presences of Hb, HCT, MCV, and MCH were significantly decreased compared to those in healthy gazelles (p < 0.01). The experimental group had a significantly lower level of GSH-Px activity in their serums compared to the control group (p < 0.01). In the treatment experiment, ten gazelles from the affected pasture were orally administered CuSO4, 6 g/animal once every 10 days for two consecutive times, and all gazelles were successfully cured. Therefore, it is possible that low Se content in the soil induced an increase in the absorption of S content by forage, leading to the deficiency of secondary Cu in the Przewalski’s gazelles, resulting in microcytic anemia.
Current Epidemiological Status and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Serratia marcescens
Authors: Cosimato Ilaria , Santella Biagio , Rufolo Sandra , Sabatini Paola , Galdiero Massimiliano , Capunzo Mario , Boccia Giovanni , Folliero Veronica , Franci Gianluigi
Published: April 2024

The spread of antibiotic resistance represents a serious worldwide public health issue, underscoring the importance of epidemiology research in determining antimicrobial strategies. The purpose of this research was to investigate antibiotic resistance in Serratia marcescens isolates from clinical samples over seven years at the University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona” in Salerno, Italy. S. marcescens is an important opportunistic pathogen associated with a wide spectrum of clinical diseases, including pneumonia, keratitis, meningitis, and urinary tract and wound infections. Outbreaks of nosocomial infections by S. marcescens strains have been documented in high-risk settings, mainly affecting immunocompromised patients and newborns. The primary objective of this study is to assess the rates of antibiotic resistance over the years to deal with a future emergency which includes the failure of various therapies due to antibiotic resistance. During the investigation, a total of 396 species of S. marcescens were isolated from various clinical samples, mainly from broncho-aspirates and sputum (31.6%) and blood cultures (21.5%). Antibiotics that showed the greatest susceptibility included ceftazidime/avibactam, amikacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and selected members of the cephalosporin class. However, a disconcerting trend of increasing rates of carbapenem resistance was outlined over the observation period. The absence of effective countermeasures, combined with growing antibiotic resistance that negates the effectiveness of multiple antibiotics, highlights the potential for S. marcescens infections to trigger serious clinical complications and increased mortality rates. The surveillance of Serratia marcescens infections constitutes a pivotal element in refining empiric therapy to mitigate the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance.
The Calculation of Maximum Electric Field Intensity in Brain Tissue Stimulated by a Current Pulse through a Microcoil via Capacitive Coupling
Authors: Alzahrani Mohammed , Roth Bradley J.
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this paper is to calculate the maximum electric field in the brain tissue surrounding a microcoil. The microcoil is represented as a wire coupled capacitively to the surrounding tissue. For a 1 mA, 3 kHz current in the wire, the value of the electric field intensity in the tissue is approximately 4 mV/m. The intensity of the electric field is proportional to the frequency, the capacitance per unit area, and the square of the wire length. The electric field produced by this coil by electromagnetic induction is in the order of 0.002 mV/m. Therefore, the electric field produced by capacitive coupling is much greater than the electric field produced by induction. Methods to distinguish between capacitive and magnetic stimulation are discussed.
Design of Unmanned Road Widths in Open-Pit Mines Based on Offset Reaction Times
Authors: Han Liu , Liu Peng
Published: April 2024

In an effort to enhance the efficiency and safety of open-pit mines, this study explores the optimization of end slope road parameters and slope structures, specifically focusing on unmanned driving lanes. A significant aspect of the study is the development of a truck trajectory offset model, which considers the different reaction times between automated sensors and human drivers in adapting to environmental changes. To test these concepts, the study uses numerical simulations to confirm the stability of the proposed end slope designs. Using Victory West Mine No. 1 as a case study, the research determines the optimized width for unmanned driving lanes and the maximum angle for the safe steepening of end slopes. The findings indicate that the optimized unmanned lane width for NTE240 mining dump trucks is 1743 mm, allowing for a 2-degree increase in the slope angle at the south end slope. This optimization leads to a steep mining stripping volume of 3.2735 million m3 and a coal output of 2.49628 million tons, maintaining a stripping ratio of 1.31 m3/t. These results demonstrate that unmanned driving road width optimization not only ensures slope safety but also significantly boosts the economic benefits of steep mining in open-pit mines.
Evaluation of the Impact of VR Rural Streetscape Enhancement on Relaxation–Arousal Responses Based on EEG
Authors: Ren Hongguo , Wang Yujun , Zhang Jing , Zheng Ziming , Wang Qingqin
Published: April 2024

As the quality of life and the spiritual and cultural well-being of the inhabitants progress, the current rural infrastructure has challenges in adequately addressing the physical and psychological requirements of individuals. This work presents a method for evaluating rural habitats by utilizing electroencephalography (EEG) signals and virtual reality (VR) technology to address the existing gap in physiological data evaluation in rural areas. We choose as experimental images the current situation (C1–C5) scenes of five rural main street nodes as well as the comparative transformation scenes (T1–T5). It then assesses the subjects’ subjective cognition and level of relaxation–arousal responses using the α/β value in the EEG data and the three subjective scale indexes of “Interest”, “Comfort”, and “Vitality”. The study’s findings demonstrated the following: 1. All three scores increased in the transformation scenarios, and subjects’ subjective assessments varied significantly across all five sets of scenes. 2. In all α/β values where significant differences existed, every electrode demonstrated a relaxation response in the transformation scenes (T1–T5) compared to the current scenes (C1–C5), whereas the T8 electrode demonstrated the only arousal response. 3. The Pz electrode in the parietal lobe area was found to be the most sensitive to the visual response to the green landscape and the form of the building façade along the street, and the T8 electrode in the right temporal lobe area was the most sensitive to the response to the overall perception of the surrounding environment, according to a comparison of the longitudinal α/β value. More options for rural streetscape design as well as fresh insights and methodologies for assessing the rural human environment in the future are anticipated from this study.