bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Carbon Footprint Applied to Conceptual Engineering of Offshore Production Units
Authors: Basilio Leandro Pereira , Machado Priscilla Badega , Sousa Débora Calaza de , Barbosa Agremis Guinho , Juliano Diego Russo , Boeira Pauline Santa Rosa Simões Drummond , Andreotti Marcelo
Published: August 2021

As the environmental impact is critical for industry sustainability, early quantifying Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions of offshore units represents a central role and step-change improvement across the O&G value chain. Developing an overarching realistic model to estimate GHG emissions is a challenge due to the different methodologies available, the complexity of offshore installations, and the degree of uncertainty in the estimation of emission factors.

The present work focuses on the earlier stages of new development, notably in Front End Loading-1 (FEL-1) and FEL-2, i.e., opportunity identification and conceptual engineering studies, respectively. The primary objective of this study is to propose an innovative modeling methodology to quantify Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions in offshore production facilities. Since E&P companies consider current and future carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) emissions as a factor into capital projects economics, this study additionally proposes a semi-empirical model for OPEX calculation considering the impact related to emissions (on a CO2e basis).

Emissions of GHG in the O&G industry typically occur from one of the following general source classes: (i) combustion sources, including both stationary devices and mobile equipment; (ii) process emissions and vented sources; (iii) fugitive sources; and (iv) indirect sources. The projection of carbon emission costs along the asset life cycle is performed to simulate the economic impact of such emission on an OPEX perspective. After estimating the CO2e emissions, the procedure consists of using the "Carbon Emission Cost Projection" to calculate the cost of the CO2 emitted and penalize the OPEX of the evaluated alternative.

The proposed model can be used to estimate Carbon Footprint for each one of the several conceptual engineering alternatives evaluated during the conceptual phase of the project, improving not only the techno-economic analysis but also the decision-making process of Capital Projects in the O&G Industry.
Environmental Levels of thoron, radon and their progeny in Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Bigu J , McCallum B A , Grasty R L
Published: August 2021

Environmental measurements of thoron, radon, and their respective short-lived decay products were conducted in Dauphin, Manitoba, Canada for a three week period in the summer of 1991. In addition, measurements of wind speed, wind direction, temperature,
barometric pressure, humidity and rainfall were carried out. Radioactivity measurements were conducted at 10 cm, 40 cm, and 200 cm above the ground and were found to decrease with height. Diurnal variations were found in radon, thoron, and their progeny. Equilibrium ratios, which also showed diurnal
variations, ranged from 0.1 to 0.8. Strong correlations were found between wind speed and the above radioactivity variables. Thoron progeny to radon progeny ratios varied from 0.25 to 0.5. Thoron concentrations were higher than radon concentrations. The maximum radon concentration of about 40 Bq/m3
is significantly lower than the mean value of 82 Bq/m3 found for the previous season.
Delivering Effective E-Learning Course for Medical Students
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh R. , Shrivastava Prateek S.
Published: August 2021

E-learning has been recognized as an innovative and useful form of learning to the learners and bridges the gap between accessibility and affordability. Even though the number of e-learning courses is mushrooming in the current era, it becomes crucial to ensure that the courses are started after performing a thorough needs assessment and the identification of the potential takers of the course and should have the provision of active engagement of the learners to enhance their learning. A number of strategies have been suggested to ensure that e-learning programs remain interesting and to motivate and involve the learners regardless of their origin. In conclusion, e-learning has emerged as the new face of imparting medical education to students. However, the success and overall utility of the course will depend on the careful planning, involvement of a multidisciplinary team, and active engagement of the learners.
Misleading Endoscopic Airway Images – Who Does the Examination Matters!!!
Authors: Ganesan Gautham , Dhanasekaran Ramkumar
Published: August 2021

We report a 38-year-old female, post-oesophagectomy with transposed colon, presenting with dysphagia for oesophageal dilatation. General anaesthesia was requested for as the patient did not tolerate previous dilatation attempts under local anaesthesia. Endoscopic images provided by the otorhinolaryngologists and gastroenterologists showed a good view of the glottis, suggesting a possible easy intubation. But direct laryngoscopy after sedation and airway topicalisation revealed an airway with extensive adhesions that would have been impossible to intubate. The patient was awakened and planned for the procedure after tracheostomy. Endoscopic images done by non-anaesthesiologists should be interpreted with caution.
Simulator-based Videolaryngoscopy Training for Capacity Building in Intubation during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Agrawal Sanjay , Pathak Sharmistha , Bhardwaj Bharat Bhushan , Arora Poonam , Kabi Ankita , Kathrotia Rajesh , Rao Shalinee
Published: August 2021

Background:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has presented the healthcare sector with unique challenges. The use of a videolaryngoscope (VL) for intubation is one of the recommendations. The paucity of availability of VL outside the operation room results in lack of intubation skills with VL among clinicians. This study was undertaken to analyse the effectiveness of fast-tracked simulation-based training in enabling frontline resident doctors with skills of videolaryngoscopy.

Material and Methods:

Residents already trained in the skills of direct laryngoscopy underwent training on VL using the King Vision™ VL (channeled blade) through structured simulation-based training in batches of <20. Sessions included interactive lecture, demonstration by the instructor and supervised hands-on practice by residents on an airway manikin. Knowledge gained was assessed with multiple-choice questions through a pre-test and post-test. Skills gained were assessed through Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) and Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (DOPS). Feedback was taken from participants on a 3-point Likert scale.

Results:

190 residents were enabled with skills of videolaryngoscopy within 3 months. Overall mean pre-test scores of 6.16 ± 1.79 improved to 7.21 ± 2.02 in post-test scores and improvement in knowledge was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.0001). Skill assessment through DOPS revealed excellent performance by 72% of participants while 3% scored borderline. OSCE results showed overall good performance by residents across various clinical disciplines. 90.4% of participants responded that training gave them the confidence to perform videolaryngoscopy.

Conclusion:

A well-structured simulation-based training on videolaryngoscopy is effective in imparting indirect airway management skills to residents of various clinical specialties. Simulation-based fast-tracked training is an effective method to train a large number of clinicians within a limited period.
Awake Tracheal Intubation during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Nandi Rudranil , Bhajikhav Kruti , Gupta Nandita , Pal Angshuman Rudra , Desai Neha , Goswami Jyotsna
Published: August 2021

Background:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly affected routine healthcare including cancer care across the world. Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the most common cancer in India and has a good prognosis if treated surgically in early stages. HNC patients often present with difficult airway with reduced mouth opening requiring awake tracheal intubation (ATI). Health professionals are at a risk of getting infected with COVID-19 during ATI, a potential aerosol-generating procedure. We aimed to evaluate the modifications of ATI techniques used during the COVID-19 pandemic in our institution.

Methodology:

This retrospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary cancer care centre. All patients who had ATI performed between 25th March 2020 and 31st May 2020 were included in the study. The type of barrier methods used to prevent aerosol spread and the methods used to provide topical anaesthesia of the airway were documented and analysed.

Results:

Twenty-three patients underwent ATI during that period. Barrier methods such as aerosol box or transparent plastic drapes to prevent aerosol spread were used in 48% of patients. Lignocaine nebulisation and transtracheal lignocaine injection were administered in 70% and 87% of patients, respectively, during the study period. Spray-as-you-go lignocaine topicalisation and oral lignocaine spray for airway topicalisation were used in 22% and 39% of patients, respectively, during this period. Five techniques were used for ATI – conventional, under aerosol box (single anaesthesiologist and two anaesthesiologists) and under transparent plastic drape (in one technique, both airway topicalisation and intubation were done under the drape; in another, only intubation was performed under the drape).

Conclusions:

With modifications of the routine technique, ATI can be performed safely during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Induction agents and their role in low-immunological-risk kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Sathyan Swaraj , Sharma Ajay , Halawa Ahmed M.
Published: August 2021

Induction agents are widely used at the time of kidney transplantation to decrease the risk of rejection. While there is a strong immunological rationale supporting the use of induction immunosuppression, the clinical evidence demonstrating benefit in low-immunological-risk recipients in addition to current effective maintenance immunosuppression is less robust, especially in terms of improvement in long-term graft survival. This review aims to shed light on the immunological basis of use of induction immunosuppression, available options of induction agents and the current evidence and recommendation for their use in low-immunological-risk kidney transplant recipients.
Long-term outcome of kidney retransplants with different donor sources
Authors: Gheith Osama A. , Nagib Ayman Maher , Halim Medhat A. , Rida Suzann , Mahmoud Tarek , Nair Prasad , Alotaibi Torki
Published: August 2021

Background

It has been reported that the long-term survival of second transplants may be similar to that of primary transplants. Reports of retransplantation outcomes are scarce, especially in the middle east region. We aimed to present our experience with second renal transplant in Kuwait and compare the donor source among our retransplant recipients.

Patients and methods

Data of kidney retransplants, under follow-up at the Hamed Al-essa Organ Transplant Center of Kuwait, between 1980 and 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Out of 3038 kidney transplants, 198 (6.51%) were kidney retransplants. The number of kidney transplants from living donors was 150; from deceased donors, 48 and third transplants represented 15 cases. We compared living donor group 1 with deceased donor group 2 in terms of demographics, posttransplant complications and outcome.

Results

We observed that episodes of acute antibody-mediated rejection (nine cases, 18.7%, in group 1 vs. eight cases, 16.6%, in group 2, respectively) and T-cell-mediated rejection (14 cases, 9.33%, in group 1 vs.15 cases, 10%, in group 2, respectively) were more frequent among patients in group 2, but this did not reach statistical significance. In terms of the second graft outcome, we observed that the percentage of patients with failed grafts was higher among group 2 patients, but this did not reach statistical significance during their last follow-up, while the two groups were comparable in terms of patient outcome.

Conclusion

Both living donor and cadaveric renal allotransplants carry the same risk for graft rejection, either AMR or ACR. Meanwhile retransplants who received their kidneys from either living or deceased donors had experienced similar graft and patients’ outcomes. Therefore, retransplant either from living or deceased donor is considered a good option after first renal allograft loss.
Retinal findings in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis
Authors: Hagag Rasha Youssef , El-Attar Shimaa Hassan , Elrefaey Waleed , Nawar Amin E. , El gharbawy Nashwa M.
Published: August 2021

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an irreversible condition that leads to progression to end-stage renal disease that requires hemodialysis or kidney transplantation for patient survival and these patients are at risk of developing many complications. In the present study, the retinal findings in CKD patients on hemodialysis are evaluated.

Patients and methods

This is a cross-sectional noninterventional study that was carried out on CKD patients on hemodialysis for at least 3 months in the Nephrology Unit, Tanta University, Egypt; 160 eyes of 80 patients were included over 6 months. A complete ophthalmic evaluation was performed. Color fundus and spectral domain optical coherence tomography were performed at presentation.

Results

The visual acuity ranged from 6/6 to 6/18 in 80 eyes, which represents 50%, from 6/24 to 6/60 in 62 eyes, which represents 38.75%, and from less than 6/60 to perception of light in 18 eyes, which represents 11.25%. Fundus examination revealed that eight eyes were normal (5%). Hypertensive retinal changes occurred in 82 eyes with variable degrees of retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy was found in 30 (18.75%) eyes and macular degeneration was detected in 20 (12.5%) eyes. Retinal vasculitis occurred in two (1.25%) eyes, branch retinal vein occlusion was detected in six (3.75%) eyes, glaucomatous optic neuropathy was found in eight (5%) eyes and central retinal artery occlusion occurred in four (2.5%) eyes.

Conclusion

The most common visual problems in hemodialysis patients that lead to visual loss are hypertensive and diabetic retinopathy. Hence, it is mandatory to screen fundus changes in CKD to prevent loss of vision.
Reviewing Threats to Wild Rhodiola sachalinensis, A Medicinally Valuable yet Vulnerable Species
Authors: Brinckmann Josef A. , Cunningham Anthony B. , Harter David E. V.
Published: August 2021

Occurring in China, DPR Korea, Japan, and Russian Federation and classified in the Red List of Chinese Flora as a vulnerable species, Rhodiola sachalinensis Boriss. is used increasingly in cosmetics, dietary supplements, and Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the (i) conservation status, harvesting and trade levels of R. sachalinensis, (ii) current state of experimental and commercial farming, and (iii) evidence of substitution or interchangeable use of R. sachalinensis with other Rhodiola species. We assessed data from multiple disciplines and languages including studies on R. sachalinensis biology and ecology, information on impacts of wild harvest, management measures, and current levels of cultivation. Our assessment shows that while R. sachalinensis is increasingly produced by cultivation, wild populations are decreasing and face multiple threats. These include (a) habitat loss including due to oil and gas infrastructure development on Sakhalin island, (b) climate change impacts on alpine ecosystems, and (c) overexploitation of wild plants to satisfy the growing commercial demand. Assessments of the conservation status of R. sachalinensis should commence in each Range State, as well as resource assessments and monitoring of harvesting and trade of wild R. sachalinensis. Even with increased reliance on cultivation, biodiversity conservation, and genetic diversity in wild populations are relevant to future use of this species.
Developing advanced hospital pharmacy practice experiences in a Bachelor of Pharmacy programme in Jordan: A novel training programme and evaluation of student perceptions
Authors: Batarseh Yazan S. , Rouse Michael J. , AlEjielat Rowan , Khaleel Anas , Aluwidi Mohammad , Ayyad Diana , Haddadin Yara
Published: August 2021

Objective: To describe, introduce, and assess student perceptions of a structured clinical training programme for pharmacy students that meets the expectations of advanced pharmacy practice experiences of Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) programmes accredited by the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education.
Methods: A clinical training programme was held from July to September 2019. Training included hands-on hospital rotations focusing on essential pillars of pharmaceutical care including ensuring proper medical indication, effectiveness, safety, and patient adherence (total of 160 hours). The study population included 35 senior pharmacy students from the University of Petra.
Results: Qualitative answers from students showed positive responses associated with the programme’s pre-training orientation, clinical training, preceptors involved, and student’s clinical knowledge and skills.
Conclusion: The piloted introduction of a structured clinical training programme for pharmacy students was successful. Students reported positive evaluations and perceptions of clinical training sites and staff as well as their clinical and practical skills. The main challenge students encountered was transportation to the practice site.
Implementasi Metode Ripple Down Rules dalam Mendiagnosa Penyakit Lupus
Authors: Tajrin Tajrin , Rusydi Ibnu
Published: August 2021

Penyakit Systemic Lupus Erythethematosus atau Lupus eritematosus  sistemik suatu penyakit yang menyerang seluruh organ tubuh mulai dari ujung  kaki hingga ujung rambut, yang disebabkan oleh penurunan kekebalan tubuh  manusia, dan lebih dikenal penyakit sebagai autoimun. Penyakit ini sebenarnya  telah dikenal sejak jaman Yunani kuno oleh Hipokrates,  namun pengobatan  yang  tepat belum diketahui. Penyakit ini tidak menular, tetapi didapatkan hampir  seluruh penderita Systemic Lupus Erythematosus adalah  perempuan  (80%-89%)
FILLERS IN ACADEMIC DISCOURSE: AN ANALYSIS OF LECTURES FROM A PUBLIC UNIVERSITY IN GHANA
Authors: Lomotey Charlotte Fofo
Published: August 2021

One way of ensuring fluency in lesson delivery for students to follow its flow in the classroom is through the use of fillers. This study examines the use of fillers in lectures in a public university in Ghana. Specifically, it investigates the types of fillers used in the Ghanaian English-medium classroom and discusses the communicative functions the fillers perform. To achieve these, real-time lessons were recorded from 24 lecturers in the university. The data were subjected to orthographic transcription, categorization, and thematic analysis of fillers for their types and functions in the lessons. Results show that the lecturers used 51 unlexicalized and lexicalized fillers. The unlexicalized ones comprised um, er, and uh while the lexicalized types consisted of lengthened syllables, repetition, and single words. With respect to the communicative functions, the fillers were found to perform cognitive functions (stalling and hesitating), social functions (attention getting and feedback), and discourse-regulatory functions (as editing term and discourse closing). Based on these results, it is proposed that lecturers should understand the importance of fillers so as to use them to their benefit and that of their students.

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THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL AND NON-FINANCIAL VARIABLES ON UNDERPRICING
Authors: Mahardika Dyan Fajar , Ismiyanti Fitri
Published: August 2021

After the shares were introduced to the public by the underpricing company (IPO), the problem lies in the closing price on the first day which tends to be higher than the initial offering price. Various factors can influence the occurrence of underpricing, both external and internal, that occurs in Islamic stocks. This study examines more about the influence of financial and non-financial variables on underpricing shares, especially in Islamic stocks. The population used includes, among others, listed companies on the IDX with a sample of issuers that went public from 2015 to 2019. Data analysis in this study used multiple regression. The results of the study prove that block holders in a company have an effect on the level of underpricing. Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) have an effect on the underpricing variable. Return on Asset (ROA) harms the underpricing variable. There is an effect of the current ratio value on underpricing. Firm size has an effect on underpricing. Company age (firm age) has an effect on the underpricing variable.

JEL: D53; E44; G10

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THE EFFECT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN KOSOVO
Authors: Qabrati Isuf
Published: August 2021

Foreign direct investment plays a very important role in the economic development of countries, especially in countries in transition. Foreign direct investment is defined as any investment where the investor invests in a foreign country the factors of production including labor, financial capital, technology and professional management knowledge. FDI can ensure financial stability, promote economic development and improve social welfare. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of FDI on Kosovo's economic growth, for the years 2007-2017. In particular, the paper aims to measure the effect that FDI has had on GDP over the years, examining the impact of FDI by economic activities on economic growth, expressed in GDP. Two basic variables were used: the independent variable (FDI) and the dependent variable (GDP). To measure the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable, the data realized for these two variables were collected by the relevant public institutions. From the derived data, the results of the regression analysis show that FDI has a significant effect on economic growth. The change in economic growth depends almost entirely on the change in FDI by sectors of economic activity.

JEL: E20, E22

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LA BANQUE ISLAMIQUE ; NATURE SPECIFIQUE ET EVOLUTION / THE ISLAMIC BANK; SPECIFIC NATURE AND EVOLUTION
Authors: Asraoui Fadi Oukili , Hamich Mhamed , Lahiala Abdelfattah
Published: August 2021

La finance islamique est désormais une composante essentielle de la finance mondiale. Elle connait une croissance vertigineuse dans plusieurs pays musulmans à l’instar des pays de Golfe et de l’Asie Sud – Est. Elle a fait preuve d’innovation et a pu s’implanter dans plusieurs pays où elle cohabite avec la finance conventionnelle La finance participative, en se basant sur les percepts islamiques, peut présenter des opportunités qu’elle offrirait par sa contribution au financement des secteurs prioritaires. La finance islamique est une finance éthique qui s’inspire sur des valeurs morales et des enseignements de la Charia. Elle repose essentiellement sur l’interdiction des taux d’intérêt dans les opérations d’endettement (plus connu sous le nom de « riba »), et sur le principe de partage des pertes et des profits ; ce qui constitue les éléments distinctifs à l’égard de la finance conventionnelle.

Islamic finance is now an essential component of the global finance. It is experiencing dizzying growth in several Muslim countries such as the Gulf countries and Southeast Asia. It has demonstrated innovation and has been able to establish itself in several countries where it coexists with conventional finance

Crowdfunding, based on Islamic precepts, can present opportunities that it would offer through its contribution to funding priority sectors. Islamic finance is ethical finance that draws on moral values and the teachings of Sharia. It is essentially based on the prohibition of interest rates in debt transactions (better known as "riba"), and on the principle of profit and loss sharing; which constitutes the distinguishing elements with regard to conventional finance.

JEL: G21, G29

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PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT IN YOUTH SPORTS: PERCEIVED AND DESIRED BEHAVIOUR BY CHILDREN
Authors: Mastrorilli Gioacchino , Greco Gianpiero
Published: August 2021

Little is known about parent support and perceived pressures in sport. Therefore, we assessed the perceived and desired parental involvement by children and examined their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with any specific behaviour. By Parental Involvement in Sport Questionnaire (PISQ), discrepancy scores revealed that children reported excessive Active Involvement and Pressure, insufficient Praise and Understanding but satisfactory Directive Behaviour from their parents. Findings suggest that excessive parental involvement could be a source of pressure among children that would rather have greater parental participation characterized by praise and understanding. Thus, parents should be advised on how to support their children in a positive and non-invasive way, preventing burnout and dropout.

 

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THE DAVIDIC COVENANT IN EZEKIEL 34:23–31: INFLUENCE OF 2 SAMUEL 7:1–16 / L’ALLIANCE DAVIDIQUE DANS EZECHIEL 34:23–31: INFLUENCE DE SAMUEL 7:1–16
Authors: Budha Victor Lonu
Published: August 2021

Davidic Covenant is an important theme in the Old Testament. The first occurrence of this theme is in 2 Samuel 7:1–16. Since “no text is an island”, David appears again in the text of Ezekiel 34:23–31 as the promised ruler in a restored Israel. The divine restoration that God promises to his people putting the Davidic King at the center of God’s plan suggests the dependency of the text of Ezekiel on that of Samuel. The influence of the text of 2 Samuel 7 on that of Ezekiel 34 cannot be established based on isolated single or individual elements. However, the discussion in this paper shows that the two texts have numerous affinities, including literary, theological, and conceptual aspects. The text of Ezekiel emphasizes that the promise of restoration will come to realization under the leadership of the future ruler, David. The connections between Ezekiel 34:23–31 and 2 Samuel 7:1–16 are clear to the point that we might suggest that the text of 2 Samuel 7:1–16 had influence on the text of Ezekiel 34:23–31.

L’Alliance Davidique est un thème important de l’Ancien Testament. La première occurrence de ce thème se trouve dans 2 Samuel 7:1–16. Comme « aucun texte n’est une île », David apparaît à nouveau dans le texte d’Ézéchiel 34:23–31 en tant que souverain promis dans un Israël restauré. La restauration divine que Dieu promet à son peuple en plaçant le Roi Davidique au centre du plan de Dieu suggère la dépendance du texte d’Ézéchiel sur celui de Samuel. L’influence du texte de 2 Samuel 7 sur celui d’Ézéchiel 34 ne peut être établie sur la base d’éléments isolés ou individuels. Cependant, la discussion dans cet article montre en suffisance que les deux textes ont de nombreuses affinités, y compris les aspects littéraires, théologiques et conceptuels. Le texte d’Ézéchiel met l’accent sur le fait que la promesse de restauration se réalisera sous la direction du futur roi, David. Les liens entre Ézéchiel 34:23–31 et 2 Samuel 7:1–16 sont clairs au point que nous suggérons que le texte de 2 Samuel 7:1–16 a eu une influence sur le texte d’Ézéchiel 34:23–31.

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THE DEPICTION OF WOMEN IN THE SELECTED NOVELS OF NAGUIB MAHFOUZ
Authors: Ali Nukhrah Manal Hussein , Muthanna Ali Naji Gahlan , Biag Mirza Sultan
Published: August 2021

This paper represents the female factor and discusses the depiction of women in the view of the novelist. The paper also focuses on the concept of feminism in the era of Mahfouz and portrays a micro picture of women in Arabian society. Mahfouz attempts to examine in his novels male dominance and female resistance in Arabic society, mainly in Egypt and how women have been marginalized and relegated as secondary to men through the established traditions. The study also focuses on how women respond to these attitudes within the family and society. Furthermore, this study examines the reasons through which women turned to prostitution on one hand, and to investigate Arab women’s regression in achieving their complete rights on the other. During this study, we attempt to examine how Naguib Mahfouz addressed the issue of women extensively in various situations and on different social levels. Also, this study sheds light on how Mahfouz depicted the women who are subjected to exploitation and oppression. These women stand for the submissive wife, the sex object, the self-sacrificing women.

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SLAVE RESISTANCE AND DECOLONIZING CARIBBEAN HISTORY IN ANDREA LEVY’S THE LONG SONG
Authors: Byer Tia
Published: August 2021

Set during the final days of Slavery on the island of Jamaica, Andrea Levy’s 2010 novel, The Long Song is a neo-slave narrative that explores the nature of slave resistance and colonial historiographical control. When read through a postcolonial lens, The Long Song takes the form of a counter-discourse, where the main character of Miss July offers a corrective to the dominant white narratives of Caribbean history. This essay argues that the experience of resistance in Levy’s narrative is one of literary mimicry, analysing July’s written resistance as it answers back to and confronts the colonial narratives that disregard the oppressed individual experience from history. Levy, in reanimating the history of Jamaican slavery by aligning her text with the unheard ‘History From Below’ perspective, demonstrates and replicates the unreliable narratives orchestrated by those ‘From Above’. As such, both Levy and her fictional July employ a method of historiographic metafiction to reclaim the previously silenced voice of the Jamaican slaves that the hegemonic White Planter class seek to oppress and obliterate from historical record.

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DE LA METHODOLOGIE DE COLLECTE DES PROVERBES MOBA / ABOUT THE METHODOLOGY OF COLLECTING MOBA PROVERBS
Authors: Tchaa Pali , Damegal Lamboni
Published: August 2021

La présente étude est consacrée à la collecte des proverbes moba, une langue Gur du nord du Ghana et du Togo. Elle s’articule autour de la question suivante : Comment collecter le maximum de proverbes tels que utilisés par les locuteurs ? Elle est inscrite dans la démarche éclectique du philosophe de Potamon d'Alexandrie qui préconise l’emprunt aux divers systèmes leurs meilleures thèses conciliables et innovantes. A cet éclectisme, il faut ajouter que la prise en compte de toutes les couches sociales ainsi qu’une confiance permanente entre enquêteur et enquêtés ont constitué une condition nécessaire pour atteindre les objectifs escomptés. La collecte des proverbes moba a nécessité une préparation à la fois théorique et matérielle.

The focus of this study is the collection of Moba proverbs, a Gur language from northern Ghana and Togo. It is structured around the following question: How to collect as many proverbs as possible as used by the speakers? It is in line with the eclectic approach of the Potamon d'Alexandrie philosopher who advocates borrowing from the various systems their best reconcilable and innovative theses. To eclecticism, it must be added that taking into account all social strata as well as a permanent trust between interviewer and respondents was a necessary condition to reach the expected objectives. The collection of the moba proverbs required both theoretical and material preparation.

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TEACHING REMOTELY AND THE PROTECTION OF PUPILS: PRIVACY POLICY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF EDUCATION / DIDATTICA A DISTANZA E TUTELA DEGLI ALUNNI: RISPETTO DELLA PRIVACY ED EFFICACIA EDUCATIVA
Authors: Martena Paolo , De Riccardis Simone
Published: August 2021

In questo lavoro è stata descritta la risposta scolastica italiana alla situazione pandemica, sia da un punto di vista legislativo che pedagogico e didattico. In particolare, è stata analizzata la tutela della privacy degli alunni, delle famiglie e degli insegnanti e gli strumenti legislativi messi in atto. È stata, altresì presa in considerazione la situazione della Regione Puglia, Italia, dove numerose decisioni sono state prese in pochi mesi, a seguito della seconda ondata. Alcune di queste sono risultate in contrasto con il Ministero dell’Istruzione nazionale. Per avere una visione di insieme più completa, gli autori hanno anche posto l’attenzione sulla risonanza interiore che queste norme hanno avuto su due classi di Scuola secondaria di primo grado, usando la metodologia didattica del One Minute Paper. La scuola di riferimento è stata l’I.C. di Calimera, Caprarica e Martignano (Lecce, Puglia, Italia) I risultati del lavoro sono stati il punto di partenza per una discussione psicopedagogica.

This article analyses the response by schools to the current pandemic COVID-19, both from a legal point of view as well as pedagogical and educational. Particular attention has been paid to the issue of safeguarding the privacy of students, as well as that of their families and teachers, and the legislative instruments implemented. Also taken into consideration is the Apulia region, Italy where numerous decisions were taken in just a few months, following the second wave. Some of these are in direct contrast with the Italian Ministry of Education. In order to have a more complete, overall view, the authors, using information obtained with the educational tool One Minute Paper, also analysed the inner resonance these rules had on two middle-school classes. The classes in question are part of the I.C Calimera, Caprarica and Martignano (Lecce, Puglia, Italy). The results were used as a starting point for a discussion on psychopedagogy.

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RURAL WOMEN AND LIVELIHOODS: OPTIONS FOR POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN DROUGHT RISK AREAS OF BIKITA DISTRICT, ZIMBABWE
Authors: Jaka Hilda , Mafashu Elisha , Phiri Munyaradzi , Maruta Ephraim , Chazireni Evans
Published: August 2021

This paper examined the role of women in livelihoods for the reduction of poverty in drought risk areas of Zimbabwe, case of ward 5, Bikita district. There is an increase of rural women’s participation in economic activities to reduce poverty. The persistence of drought and economic collapse in Zimbabwe influenced the increased participation of rural women in productive activities. Rural women have become breadwinners in most households and have since adopted various livelihood activities to survive. These livelihoods should be able to cater for their daily household needs. A case study design was employed in this study. The study used questionnaires and semi-structured interviews as data collecting instruments. Livelihood activities found included seasonal farming, gardening, and money saving schemes, informal trading, and informal trading. Challenges faced contained within, persistent droughts, economic crisis, lack of economic opportunities, poor access to productive resources, erratic climatic changes and poor infrastructure and technological facilities.

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THE ETHICAL ANALYSIS OF ADAPTATION OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL APPROACH IN THE FIELD OF IMPACT EVALUATION FOR HUMANITARIAN PROJECTS
Authors: Shah Sada Hussain , Wassan Aijaz Ali , Hadi Abdul
Published: August 2021

Conducting and communicating research is a responsible intellectual job. A researcher would go analysing immense literature and would search for valid evidence. Prior to narrating an authentic statement. Correspondingly while selecting a method for study it is vital to opt for an approach that is ethically suitable in a defined context. While applied on a set of a populace, generally denoted to as a sample and/or universe. Therefore, social research would be a more laborious task. Hence, the social context is ever-changing in terms of time and space. Diverse methods of social research are being invented yearly. To compete with consistently changing social phenomena and needs of evidence. Operational research, evaluation, and screen monitoring are the most prominent approaches of modern social research. Hence, these naïve approaches of social research would undergo learning and adaptation. Community development projects and retrospective studies thereof are also being synthesized, with existing methods of social research. An identical practice is an adaptation of the Randomized Controlled Trial hereinafter (RCT) approach to conduct impact evaluations of humanitarian and development projects. Hitherto, RCT was being widely used by health researchers as a clinical research approach. Hence, an adaptation of this clinical research approach for field studies, particularly for the evaluation of humanitarian projects. Those are being implemented to provide survival support to vulnerable communities. It would require this approach to undergo some ethical adaptations. This research paper is developed to commence a wider literary discourse on requisite ethical adaptations for RCT to use in the evaluation of humanitarian projects. This research paper brings the findings from desk and field. To discuss key questions; where and how we can use RCT, and what ethical adaptations are necessary not to be forgone? This discourse is established on the usefulness of RCT, ethics of social research, ethics of evaluation, and humanitarian principles. The overarching purpose of this research paper is to facilitate the adaptation of RCT in the field of impact evaluation. While considering the ethical principles of the development sector and evaluation.

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AWARENESS AND ADOPTION OF INTELLIGENT RAILWAY TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN ZIMBABWE
Authors: Shambira Leonard , Mandiudza Memory
Published: August 2021

The study seeks to investigate the awareness and adoption of modern technologies which are collectively called (IRTS) Intelligent Railway Transport Systems by the NRZ (National railways of Zimbabwe) of Zimbabwe. Adoption of these technologies are on an increasing trend in developed and developing countries, installation and implementation of a railway system called RailTracker in Tanzania has improved railway services in that country, in Uganda and Kenya the Rift Valley Railway (RVR) has introduced GPS technology to track trains. In India a system is used to detect defects in rolling stock while they are on the run. Where these systems have been implemented, they have significantly improved the efficiency, safety and quality of service of railway operations. In Zimbabwe the rail network is an important transport infrastructure enabling movement of goods and passengers. Primary research was carried out using questionnaires and semi structured interviews, data was collected from 67 participants comprising Engineers, Technicians, Train Drivers and Station Managers. 98% of the technical participants indicated that they were aware of IRTS however the adoption of the systems by the NRZ is at 0%. 100% of the Managers indicated that they were aware of IRTS and the company is willing to adopt them but currently no system has been installed Secondary research was conducted to identify and study similar projects elsewhere, their success as well as the difficulties encountered during their implementation. Secondary data was collected from books and the Internet.

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MUSICAL ACTIVISM IN THE STRUGGLE TO END THE ANGLOPHONE SECESSIONIST CRISIS IN CAMEROON
Authors: Musah Christian Pagbe
Published: August 2021

In 2016, a crisis broke out in Cameroon provoked by secessionist agitations in the two Anglophone regions of the North West and South West. It has variedly been referred to as the Anglophone Crisis or the Ambazonian War. The crisis has affected and threatened the unity, territorial integrity, social cohesion and le vivre ensemble in Cameroon. It has shattered the economy, destroyed schools, villages, infrastructures and businesses leading to mass displacement of persons to the Francophone regions and neighbouring Nigeria. In fact, the crisis has inflicted huge anguish and damages on the masses and has left the populations in very precarious conditions and misery that demand humanitarian actions to their rescue. Appeals have been made from several stakeholders both nationally and internationally pressing on the government to seek and implement lasting solutions to the crisis. Some musicians and song composers through musical activism added their voices to the calls for peace by articulating and conveying the misfortunes, despair, miseries and sufferings of the poor masses, victims of the war. This was exhibited in the music titles, the lyrics or messages they passed across, their grieving faces in the video grams and their tones that were telling and compelling as they expressed their lamentations. The musicians via musical activism regretted the war, begged for peace, unity, cease-fire and veritable actions in seeking lasting solutions to the crisis. This article attempts an analysis of the content and messages of some of these musicians revealing the desperation and gravity of the crisis in Cameroon.

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INTERNAL AUDIT QUALITY AND PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA
Authors: Izedonmi F. I. O. , Olateru-Olagbegi Adeparubi
Published: August 2021

The broad objective of the study is to empirically examine the impact of internal audit quality on public sector management in Nigeria. Specifically, the study examined the relationship that existed between some variables of internal audit such as financial controls, management controls, public sector efficiency and public sector management. In the study, primary data was utilized through the administration of 150 copies of questionnaire to respondents in internal audit, ministries, departments, agencies, parastatals and commission in Ondo state, but 144 copies were received. Simple percentage, descriptive statistics and categorical (general) least square were used as data analysis techniques. The findings of the study revealed that; internal audit quality such as internal audit competence (COMP), internal objectivity (OBJEC), internal audit challenges (CHAL), and internal audit performance (PERF) had a positive and statistically significant relationship with financial controls in the selected public entities in Nigeria. Internal audit quality such as internal audit competence (COMP), internal audit objectively (OBJEC), internal audit challenges (CHAL), internal audit performance (PERF) had a positive and a statistically significantly relationship with the effective management controls in the selected public entities in Nigeria. Internal audit quality such as internal audit competence (COMP), internal audit objectively (OBJEC), internal audit challenges, internal audit performance (PERF) had a positive and statistically significant relationship with public sector service delivery in the selected public sector entities in Nigeria. The study recommends that both the internal auditors and the public sector management team should participate actively in the management of public sector entities thus lead to enhance managerial performance.

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THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA TECHNOLOGY WITH REFERENCE TO FACEBOOK ON WORK PERFORMANCE: ORGANISATIONAL FRAMEWORK AS MEDIATOR
Authors: Kanapathipillaii Kumaran
Published: August 2021

Social media such as Facebook has become an essential strategic tool for organisations. Facebook is a platform where a large pool of consumers would use to make purchase decisions. Organisations are designing and maintaining their Facebook account to expand their social networks and build relationships with the public. This research explains current situations regarding the influence of online social media technology with reference to Facebook on employees' work performance in Malaysia. The problem statement focuses on both the public and private sectors in Malaysia. Additionally, various literature was reviewed, indicating the relationship between social media (usage at work, sociability, and trust) and work performance. The mediating role of the organisational framework on the relationship between online social media technology (Facebook) and work performance was also scrutinised to formulate the research hypothesis. The findings of this research established a significant relationship between online social media (Facebook) and organisational framework and work performance. Conclusively, the hypothesis depicted that the organisational framework fully mediates the relationship between online social media technology (Facebook) and employees' work performance in public and private sectors in Malaysia. This study also verifies that both the public and private sector organisations that incorporate Facebook can enhance networking and information sharing, influencing employees' work performance, creating a stable organisational framework, generating value for customers, and improving employee relationships with all stakeholders. In conclusion, work performance can be heightened by a well planned and structured organisational framework. Additionally, through a well planned and implemented online social media technology such as Facebook, an organisation would have a smooth operating organisational framework and a workforce with enhanced performance.

 

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Enhancing Cognitive Development in Learning Chemical Symbol and Periodicity through Instructional Game
Authors: Aliyu Hassan , Raman Yasheni , Talib Corrienna Abdul
Published: August 2021

A digital instructional game with embedded multimedia was believed not limited to allowing the learner to visualize chemistry concepts while playing but enable them to collect relevant information that connects the understanding of the other. The subject was described as a core science area with multiple macroscopic, submicroscopic, and symbolic representations. Thus, the study intended to investigate the effectiveness of the instructional game in enhancing students' cognitive development in learning chemical symbols and periodicity of elements. An instructional tool called "Symperiod Board Game) The study was designed and developed, containing 20 test items distributed in three different levels in order of complexity from simple to complex. The between-group experimental research design was adopted for this study in which 20 Form IV students distributed into four groups was selected. The alpha value 0.830 of the Pearson correlation coefficient determines the strength of the instrument's reliability, hence used for data collection. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the results indicated that the cognitive development of the respondents' increases as students play the instructional game from level 1 to 3. Thus, the study reveals that a learner cannot understand a concept if he/she does not first remember it; similarly, he/she cannot apply knowledge and concepts if he/she does not understand them. It is imperative to conclude that the poor performance of students in chemistry can be associated with the quality of instruction provided by the teacher during classroom instructions.