bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of early use of antimicrobial on the health and performance of Holstein calves in the first month of life
Authors: Martin Camila C. , Basqueira Natália S. , Ramos Jean S. , Silva Karen N. , Baccili Camila C. , Brandão Paulo E. , Gomes Viviani
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT: The early use of antimicrobial therapy has been introduced in many farms to prevent diarrhea and respiratory disease in young calves; however, there is controversy about whether this practice has a beneficial effect on the health of these animals. This study evaluated the influence of the early use of antimicrobials on the health and performance of neonatal Holstein calves. Twenty-six Holstein calves were screened and divided into two groups, according to the administration (ATB+), or not (ATB-) of tulathromycin (2.5mg/kg, subcutaneously) within the first 12 hours of life. Calves were evaluated by general clinical examination, fecal score, respiratory score, and external palpation of the umbilical region, besides fecal output of dry matter. Anemia was determined by using an automatic system and, also, using a commercial kit for iron dosage. Diarrhea was diagnosed by a centrifuge-flotation technique using a sugar solution (Cryptosporidium) and multiplex semi-nested RT-PCR (rotavirus/coronavirus). The performance of the calves was estimated by Daily Weight Gain (DWG). The young dairy calves were evaluated within 12 hours of birth (≤12h) and at 3-5th (D3-5), 7-9th (D7-9), 13-15th (D13-15), 20-23rd (D20-23), and 27-30th (D27-30) days of life. No difference was noted between the ATB+ and ATB- groups concerning heart rate, respiratory frequency, and rectal temperature. Erythrogram showed a higher frequency of anemia in ATB- group (P=0.016) at the D3-5 check-up; lower values of serum iron were also observed simultaneously (P=0.051). Thirteen cases of respiratory disease were detected during this study; however, no significant difference was observed between the groups in this regard. The frequency of diarrhea (fecal score 2-3) was high in both groups, peaking at D13-D15. No differences were noted between the groups regarding the frequency of diarrhea when considering the dry fecal matter. The predominant etiological agent for diarrhea was Cryptosporidium spp.. The DWG was similar between groups, with maximum weight reduction on D13-15. The administration of tulathromycin in prophylactic dose (2.5mg/kg) at birth decreased the frequency of anemia but did not influence weight gain or the prevalence of diarrhea.
Neonatal diarrhea and rotavirus A infection in beef and dairy calves, Brazil, 2006-2015
Authors: Medeiros Thais N.S. , Lorenzetti Elis , Massi Rodrigo P. , Alfieri Alice F. , Alfieri Amauri A.
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT: Calf diarrhea causes substantial economic losses in the cattle industry worldwide. Bovine rotavirus A (RVA) is the main viral agent that leads to enteric infection and diarrhea outbreaks in calves throughout the world. The aim of this retrospective (2006-2015) study was to determine the frequency of RVA detection in diarrheic fecal samples from beef and dairy calves from the three main cattle-producing regions of Brazil. Diarrheic fecal samples (n=1,498) of 124 beef and 56 dairy cattle herds from the Midwest, South, and Southeast geographical regions of Brazil were evaluated using the silver-stained polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (ss-PAGE) technique. RVA double stranded-RNA was identified by the ss-PAGE technique in 410 (27.4%) fecal samples. The frequency of positive samples found in beef calves (31.9%; 328/1,027) was higher than the frequency found in diarrheic fecal samples from dairy calves (17.4%; 82/471). RVA infection was identified in calves from the three Brazilian geographical regions analyzed. However, the frequency of positive diarrheic calves in the Midwest region (39.4%), predominantly beef calves, was higher than in the South (19.4%) and Southeast (17.6%) regions. The temporal distribution of RVA-infected calves evaluated by two five-year periods (2006-2010, 24.5%; 2011-2015, 28.8%) demonstrated a very similar frequency of RVA in both periods. Considering the wide regional and temporal scope of this study, it can be concluded that RVA remains an important etiology of neonatal diarrhea in calves of Brazilian cattle herds.
Plasma cholinesterase activity as an environmental impact biomarker in juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas)
Authors: Fonseca Leandro A. , Orozco Andres M.O. , Souto Pollyanna C. , Dornelas Lorraine R.S. , Filho Wilson P.C. , Girardi Fabricia M. , Ermita Pedro A.N. , Fagundes Valéria
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the enzymatic activity of plasma cholinesterase in Chelonia mydas marine turtles belonging to two populations, according to their capture sites, under the absence and probable influence of anthropic effects. A total of 74 animals were used and later divided into two groups, based on the capture site. Blood samples were collected from all captured animals, which were then released into the sea at the site of capture. A descriptive statistical analysis of the plasma cholinesterase activity values and an analysis comparing these values based on the capture site were performed. Samples of heparinized plasma from animals captured at the two different sites were analyzed. Plasma cholinesterase activity ranged from 121 to 248U/L, with a mean and standard deviation of 186.1±30.68U/L. When comparing plasma cholinesterase activity values in individuals based on the capture site, a significant difference was observed. Establishing reference values for different sea turtle populations is necessary to interpret future sampling results and to allow sea turtles to be used as sentinels of ecosystem health. Future studies are needed to evaluate other populations and the activity of plasma cholinesterase in juvenile marine turtles, in relation to environmental contamination.
Bovine tuberculosis: diagnosis in dairy cattle through the association of analyzes
Authors: Dametto Leonardo Luiz , Santos Ezequiel Davi dos , Santos Luciana R. , Dickel Elci L.
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT: Tuberculosis is a chronic anthropozoonosis of worldwide occurrence, caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its variants. In Brazil, the National Program for the Control and Eradication of Brucellosis and Tuberculosis in cattle, is responsible for diagnosing and the correctly allocate positive animals, but there is still a lack of definitive diagnosis of the disease. This study described the use of five diagnostic tools that can be used, preferably together, for the confirmation of suspected cases. These tools included the clinical examination comparative cervical tuberculin test, macroscopic findings during the slaughtering and histopathology of the damaged tissues followed by histochemistry. We evaluated a total of 211 dairy cattle, where 15.1% (32/211) had classic clinical signs of bovine tuberculosis, 74 (35%) showed reactivity in the comparative cervical tuberculin test. Of the total number of animals, 141 (66.8%) were referred for sanitary slaughter due to legal and control issues in the outbreaks of the disease. In the follow-up of slaughtering and inspection of viscera and carcasses, 74 (52.5%) had macroscopic lesions compatible with bovine tuberculosis, while 67 (47.5%) showed no visible changes. During the inspection, fragments of lymph nodes and liver and lung parenchyma were collected from five cattle with macroscopic lesions and five with no lesions. The histopathological analysis showed numerous areas of caseous necrosis with or without central calcification and granulomatous inflammatory infiltrate. In the special staining of Ziehl-Neelsen, numerous acid-fast bacilli were evidenced in all cases.
Insulin dysregulation in horses with induced obesity
Authors: Ribeiro Rodrigo M. , Ribeiro Debora S.F. , Paz Cahuê Francisco R. , Gobesso Alexandre A.O. , Faleiros Rafael R.
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT: Insulin deregulation (ID) is a central player in the pathophysiology of equine metabolic syndrome (EMS), which is associated with generalized and/or regional obesity. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the alterations in the hormonal profile in horses exposed to a hypercaloric diet. A total of nine Mangalarga Marchador adult horses with initial body condition score (BCS) of 2.9±1/9 (mean±SD) were submitted to a high calorie grain-rich diet for 5 months. The data was collected before the start of the experiment and every 15 days until the end of the experiment and glucose and insulin concentrations were measured in the plasma. Proxies G:I, RISQI, HOMA-IR and MIRG were calculated. The low-dose oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed and the total area under the glucose (GTA) and insulin (ITA) curves at three different timepoints (before inducing obesity, after 90 days and after 150 days) was used. Analysis of variance of the results was performed considering the time effects and the means were compared with repeated measures by the Tukey’s test (P≤0.05). The ID was observed during the first 90 days of the experiment and was characterized as a decompensated ID, showing an increase of basal glucose and insulin plasma levels, changes in all proxies and a significant increase in GTA (P<0.001) and ITA (P<0.05). However, a clear compensation of the ID was evident after 150 days of experiment, which was supported by data from the insulin secretory response of β cells of the pancreas that showed an increase in insulin plasma levels, after fasting or exposure to gastric glucose, with a concomitant decrease in fasting glucose and fructosamine levels, and a decrease of GTA and marked increase of ITA (P<0.0001) in the dynamic test. These findings confirm the occurrence of hyperinsulinemia associated with insulin deregulation in Mangalarga Marchador horses exposed to hypercaloric diets.
Spontaneous and experimental poisoning by Froelichia humboldtiana in cattle
Authors: Silva Filho Givaldo B. , Chaves Hisadora A.S. , Albuquerque Raquel F. , Souza Paulo E. , Vieira Maria E.Q. , Nascimento Ana L.O. , Lima Stephanie C. , Mendonça Fábio S.
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT: The aim of this work was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of two outbreaks of spontaneous poisoning caused by Froelichia humboldtiana in cattle in Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil and reproduce experimentally this poisoning in cattle. Spontaneous poisonings of primary photosensitization occurred in two farms at the municipalities of Cachoeirinha and São Caetano and affected twenty-two adult bovines and two suckling calves after the rainy season. All bovines have recovered 21 days after they were removed from the pasture. To reproduce experimental poisoning, three cows and a calf were maintained in a pasture with 1ha composed by F. humboldtiana during 14 days. Clinical signs and skin lesions were similar in both spontaneous and experimental poisoning and consisted of cutaneous itching and hyperemia of non-pigmented areas of skin that evolved into edema, exudative dermatitis and extensive areas of skin necrosis. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), total, direct and indirect bilirubin were normal in all cattle examined. Histologically, lesions consisted of epidermal necrosis, hyperkeratosis with large amounts of degenerate neutrophils and acanthosis. In the dermis, edema and inflammatory infiltrate composed of eosinophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells mainly around the blood vessels were observed. In the experimental group, clinical signs of photosensitization were observed after the third day of F. humboldtiana consumption. The suckling calf displayed mild clinical signs of photodermatitis on the 8th day of the experiment. It was estimated that the average consumption of F. humboldtiana necessary to initiate clinical signs in each adult bovine was 78kg.
Primary nonlymphoid gastrointestinal neoplasms in dogs in Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Slaviero Mônica , Argenta Fernando F. , Ehlers Luiza P. , Lorenzo Cíntia De , Pavarini Saulo P. , Driemeier David , Sonne Luciana
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT: Gastrointestinal neoplasms (GIN) are uncommon in dogs, but they mainly show malignant behavior and poor prognosis. The types of GIN in dogs and their frequency, as well as their epidemiological and histopathological characteristics were analyzed through a retrospective study of biopsies from 24.711 dogs from 2005 to 2017. Additionally, histological sections of neoplasms were subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC) using antibodies against pancytokeratin, vimentin, smooth muscle actin, c-Kit, S-100, CD31, CD79αcy, and neuron-specific enolase. Of the total samples from dogs analyzed, 88 corresponded to GIN. Neoplasms occurred more frequently in purebred dogs (64.8%, 57/88), males (53.4%, 47/88), with a median age of 10 years. The intestine was affected by 84.1% (74/88) of the cases. Of these, the large intestine was the most affected (67.6%, 50/74). Most of the neoplasms had malignant behavior (88.6%, 78/88). Regarding the classification of neoplasms, 46.6% (41/88) of the diagnoses corresponded to epithelial, 46.6% (41/88) were mesenchymal, 5.7% (5/88) were hematopoietic, and 1.1% (1/88) was neuroendocrine. The most frequently diagnosed neoplasms were papillary adenocarcinoma (19.3%, 17/88), leiomyosarcoma (17.0%, 15/88), gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) (12.5%, 11/88), and leiomyoma (5.0%, 8/88). Adenocarcinomas were located mainly in the rectum, whereas leiomyosarcomas and GISTs developed mainly in the cecum. Epithelial neoplasms showed a greater potential for lymphatic invasion whereas mesenchymal neoplasms appeared to be more expansive with intratumoral necrosis and hemorrhage. Immunohistochemistry was found to be an important diagnostic technique for the identification of infiltrating cells in carcinomas and an indispensable technique for the definitive diagnosis of sarcomas.
Fatigue index and anaerobic power obtained in different surfaces types
Authors: Santos Walmir Romário dos , Dechechi Clodoaldo José , Silva Isac Alexandre Ferreira da , Gomes Matheus Machado , Correia Gustavo Augusto Fernandes , Paes Pedro Pinheiro , Santos Wlaldemir Roberto dos
Published: April 2020

Abstract Due to the high intensity of competitive sports, the anaerobic power is a very important physical capacity for most sports. However, the diverse surfaces were these sports may interfere in the performance of this capacity. In running-based sports, the Running Anaerobic Sprint Test – RAST is largely used to evaluate anaerobic power. Considering the specificity of each sport, it is suggested to apply this test on the surface that it is played. Thus, the aim of the present study is to analyze the performance of RAST on different surfaces. The sample was composed by 10 subjects, mean age 20.2 ± 0.9 years old, mean height 1.8 ± 0.1 meters, mean body weight 77.4 ± 15.9 kg, and practice time of 6.0 ± 2.0 years. RAST was conducted on three different surfaces (hard, grass and sand). The maximum and minimum power and the fatigue index were compared between the surfaces. The results indicate that maximum and minimum power were lower in sand when compared to grass and hard surfaces. However, the fatigue index did not change. So, we observed that the surface is an important factor in RAST performance.
Relativizing effects of high intensity interval training vs continuous moderate
Authors: Silva Bruno Nicanor Mello da , Galliano Leony Morgana , Vecchio Fabrício Boscolo Del
Published: April 2020

Abstract The production of systematic reviews and meta-analysis increased substantially. In this sense, we highlight those comparing Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) and High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT). It is known that meta-analyses of well-conducted studies are considered as a superior level of scientific evidence; therefore, it is relevant to critically analyze all those articles, especially speaking about the absence of differences between MICT and HIIT reported in previous studies. Widely, analyzing studies included in a meta-analysis frequently is possible to identify a lack of crucial information to the understanding of the exercise intervention, and this can skew readers interpretation and may conduct an equivocate comprehension of the results. In meta-analysis regarding the effects of MICT and HIIT in body composition, the relativization of the full length of training time of each intervention is frequently lacking. Data from previously published meta-analysis was reanalyzed, verifying higher relative reductions of body fat percentage to the HIIT group in comparison to the MICT group when considered the duration of interventions. In this sense, we suggest that all meta-analysis about this subject need not only to provide complete analysis in body composition but also consider analysis relativized of time spent training.
Physical fitness test performance probability with increasing age: suggestions for practical applications in military physical training
Authors: Medeiros Felipe Jorge de , Lourenço João Victor Domingos , Aedo-Muñoz Esteban , Perez Diego Ignacio Vanenzuela , Santos Marco Antonio Ferreira dos , Brito Ciro José , Miarka Bianca
Published: April 2020

Abstract This article analyzes the Physical Fitness Test (PFT) which is performed by the Brazilian Navy to check the physical parameters of its military members in order to present the performance of probabilities with increasing age. We analyzed 702 PFT data in this study, separated into three groups based on the age of those assessed by the PFT, as follows: young adults (YA, n=91, age range between 20-30 years), adults (A, n=243, age range between 30-40 years) and mature adults (MA, n=368, age range between 40-50 years old). PFT measurements were: Body Mass Index (BMI), 100 m freestyle swimming, 3,200 m running, 1 min sit-ups, Pull-up on the bar and Push-up test. The main results indicated significant differences between groups when compared Body mass (YA: 79.1±11.4kg and A: 82.1±14kg < MA: 84.1±12.3kg), BMI (YA: 25.4±2.9 < A: 26.4±4.3 < MA: 27.5±4),Pull-ups (YA: 10.8±4.6 freq./min < A: 10±3.6 freq./min < MA: 8.5±4.7 freq./min), 3,200 m running time (YA: 1282,1±172,4s < A: 1421±199.8s < MA: 1566.7±192.4s) and 100 m swimming time (YA: 140.1±45.6s < A: 149.7±37.9s < MA: 180.8±50s) and the regression analysis demonstrated that 3,200 m running and pull-ups were the most affected variable of aging process (p<0.05). In summary, it is possible to carry out a practical application, considering aging process and the decline of the aerobic capacity and the upper limbs strength-power in Military Physical Training.
CARE FOR PRETERM CHILD IN HOUSE: FATHERLY EXPERIENCES
Authors: Mathiolli Carolina , Parada Cristina Maria Garcia de Lima , Ferrari Rosangela Aparecida Pimenta , Zani Adriana Valongo
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: to apprehend the paternal experiences related to the care provided to the preterm child at home by comparing the parents participating or not in the care protocol. Method: a qualitative research, conducted from July to October 2017, with 24 parents of preterm infants after discharge from a teaching hospital in the state of Paraná, Brazil, who participated or not in a care protocol during the period of hospitalization. The analysis was performed through the Collective Subject Discourse. Results: the parents who had the opportunity to participate in the protocol at the hospital reported that this care was important so that they could help their partners with their children at home. However, the parents participating or not in the protocol realize that the mother has a greater bond because of the possibility of greater time availability and because they are the nursing mothers and refer to work as a barrier to child care. Conclusion: the parents participating in the protocol report that it had a positive impact on their child care at home, in contrast, non-participating parents reported that having been included or not in the protocol did not interfere with their conduct at home. However, both groups agree that cultural factors and work are barriers to child care.
BACTERIA FOR COTTON PLANT PROTECTION: DISEASE CONTROL, CROP YIELD AND FIBER QUALITY1
Authors: FERRO HENRIQUE MONTEIRO , SOUZA RICARDO MAGELA DE , LELIS FLAVIA MARA VIEIRA , SILVA JULIO CARLOS PEREIRA DA , MEDEIROS FLÁVIO HENRIQUE VASCONCELOS DE
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT Ramulosis (Colletotrichum gossypii var. cephalosporioides) is an important fungal disease of cotton in Brazil, exclusively controlled by fungicide application. Therefore, sustainable management of ramulosis is essential. This work aimed to evaluate the potential of three bacterial strains, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (UFLA285), Bacillus velezensis (UFLA401), and Paenibacillus lentimorbus (MEN2), for the biocontrol of ramulosis in cotton and their effects on yield and fiber quality. Seed treatment (ST), foliar spray, and soil drenching application methods were used (separately or combined) under greenhouse and field conditions. Chemical treatments recommended against ramulosis and water were used as controls. Under greenhouse conditions all strains reduced the disease incidence. While B. velezensis UFLA401 and P. lentimorbus MEN2 reduced the incidence by 56.6% and 45.7%, respectively, independent of the application method, B. amyloliquefaciens UFLA285 reduced the disease by about 60% when applied as a foliar spray or ST + foliar spray. Two field trials were performed and all bacterial strains reduced ramulosis incidence. In the first year, B. velezensis UFLA401 sprayed on the plants reduced incidence by 22.3% and ST + two foliar sprays resulted in the best performance, decreasing ramulosis by 57%. In both seasons the yield increased by using either bacterial or chemical treatments compared to the water control. The combination B. velezensis UFLA401 and P. lentimorbus MEN2 sprays provided better fiber quality than chemical treatment. Therefore, Bacillus sp. (UFLA285 and UFLA401) and P. lentimorbus MEN2 are potential tools to reduce ramulosis, increase cotton yield and fiber quality.
Bioherbicidal action of Phoma dimorpha fermented broth on seeds and plants of Senna obtusifolia 1
Authors: Chaves Neto José Roberto , Mazutti Marcio Antonio , Zabot Giovani Leone , Tres Marcus Vinícius
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT The weed Senna obtusifolia causes severe damages to pasture areas in Brazil, due to its high production and seed spread. This study aimed to evaluate the bioherbicidal action of Phoma dimorpha fermented broth in the pre-emergence and post-emergence of S. obtusifolia. The experimental design was completely randomized, with two treatments, one with and other without the application of the fermented broth. The bioherbicidal effects were measured in bioassays of pre-emergence (germination percentage), detached leaves (phytotoxicity) and post-emergence (phytotoxicity, plant height and fresh plant mass). The application of the fermented broth provided a pre-emergence bioherbicidal action, inhibiting the seed germination in 100 %. In detached leaves, it caused leaf necrosis and death on the ninth day after the application. In the post-emergence, this application caused moderate symptoms, such as leaf spots and reduction in the weed plant size. It was concluded that the P. dimorpha fermented broth has a potential herbicidal action and, therefore, represents an alternative in the development of bioproducts for a sustainable weed control in pastures.
Soil water availability for drip-irrigated common bean crop
Authors: Santos Edson Fagne dos , Santos Silvanio Rodrigues dos , Carvalho Abner José de , Aspiazu Ignácio , Oliveira Polyanna Mara de
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT Minimum limits of soil water storage should be established for the irrigation management of crops, in order to satisfactorily provide water to plants. This study aimed to define the soil water availability factor (f factor) that provides the maximum agronomic yield and maximum water-use efficiency for drip-irrigated common bean cultivars. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, with four replications. The treatments were arranged in split plots, with the plots consisting of f factors (0.20, 0.35, 0.50, 0.65 and 0.80) and subplots consisting of common bean cultivars (BRS Pérola and BRS Estilo). The use of f factors between 0.30 and 0.35 is recommended for common bean crops to obtain the maximum agronomic yield and maximum water-use efficiency. The BRS Estilo cultivar presents a water-use efficiency 16 % higher than the BRS Pérola.
Herbicidal bioactivity of natural compounds from Lantana camara on the germination and seedling growth of Bidens pilosa
Authors: Gindri Diego Medeiros , Coelho Cileide Maria Medeiros , Uarrota Virgilio Gavicho , Rebelo Andrey Martinez
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT Lantana camara (L.) is considered one of the main invasive plants, and the allelochemicals produced by this species can be defined as bioactive secondary metabolites that mediate chemical interactions between the plant and other organisms and, therefore, play an important role in its succession and establishment. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of L. camara aqueous extracts on the germination and growth behavior of Bidens pilosa (L.) by evaluating physiological parameters (germination rate, germination speed index, seedling performance and structure and membrane integrity), as well as the extract metabolic profile. The extract reduced the germination speed index and seedling growth rate and promoted abnormalities in the geotropism and root development in both populations. The third germination phase was highly affected (more than the phases I and II). Lantadene A and B are the possible compounds conferring the herbicidal properties, and the L. camara extract has a potential to be used in the development of a new environmentally-friendly herbicide.
Essential oils activity from plants of the Brazilian Caatinga on the vegetable leafminer
Authors: Oliveira Andréa Costa , Costa-Lima Tiago Cardoso , Souza Ana Valéria Vieira , Gonçalves-Gervásio Rita de Cássia Rodrigues
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT Liriomyza sativae (Blanchard) is a worldwide polyphagous pest for horticultural and ornamental crops, whose chemical control is the major method adopted. However, botanical insecticides in the form of essential oils (EOs) are presented as promising alternatives. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of EOs from the species Croton sonderianus Muell. Arg., Croton conduplicatus Kunth., Lippia gracilis Schauer and Lippia schaueriana Mart. on the biological aspects of L. sativae adults and immature stages (larva and pupa). The results showed larval and pupal mortality after the immersion of leaves with newly hatched L. sativae larvae in EOs solution from L. gracilis and L. schaueriana leaves. The EOs from C. conduplicatus stem bark and leaf and from C. sonderianus stem bark extended the leafminer pupal stage duration, while those from C. conduplicatus leaves and C. sonderianus stem bark decreased the oviposition and feeding punctures in no-choice tests. Only C. conduplicatus confirmed the effect in the free-choice test, showing to be the most promising in the study. This way, EOs from L. gracilis and L. schaueriana leaves show an insecticide activity on L. sativae larvae, and those from C. conduplicatus leaves reduce the leafminer oviposition and feeding punctures in melon plants.
Use of agro-industry residues as substrate for the production of Euterpe precatoria seedlings
Authors: Araújo Cleyton Silva de , Lunz Aureny Maria Pereira , Santos Vanderley Borges dos , Andrade Neto Romeu de Carvalho , Nogueira Sônia Regina , Santos Rayane Silva dos
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT The availability of single assai palm (Euterpe precatoria) seedlings with good quality is a fundamental requirement to expand the cultivation of the species. This study aimed to assess the use of fruit agro-industry residues as substrate for producing single assai seedlings. The experiment was carried out under nursery conditions, in a completely randomized design, with four replications and eight plants per plot. Fifteen treatments were evaluated: a commercial substrate, four dry and crushed agro-industrial residues (Brazil nut shell, acerola pit, assai pit and cupuassu peel) and ten combinations of these materials in the proportion of 1:1. The following variables were also measured: shoot height; stem diameter; number of leaves; shoot, root and total dry mass; and Dickson Quality Index score. The substrate formulated with Brazil nut shell + acerola pit stood out for promoting a higher growth and dry biomass, resulting in seedlings with a better quality. The pure assai pit residue was not efficient for producing seedlings, but it showed a good potential when mixed in equal proportion with other materials (e.g. Brazil nut shell and cupuassu peel).
Physiological and antioxidant changes in sunflower seeds under water restriction
Authors: Morais Thais de Castro , Pinheiro Daniel Teixeira , Martinez Paola Andrea Hormaza , Finger Fernando Luiz , Dias Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos
Published: April 2020

Abstract: Seed vigor may be determinant for field performance, especially under water restriction conditions. Sunflower is a crop subject to these conditions in the field and, therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological and antioxidant changes in sunflower seeds under water restriction. Two lots of sunflower seeds (cv. Hélio 253) with different vigor levels were used. After initial characterization, seeds were placed to germinate under water potentials of 0.0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6 and -0.8 MPa and evaluated by tests of germination, first germination count, shoot length and primary root length. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, POX and APX were also evaluated at 0, 2, 4 and 6 days after sowing. Water restriction led to a decrease in germination and slower seedling growth, regardless of seed vigor level. SOD activity was similar in the two lots, with reduction in activity four days after sowing. CAT activity was affected differently during germination in the two lots, and it was generally higher in the most vigorous lot. In higher vigor seeds, there was lower POX activity in water restriction treatments compared to the control. In general, seeds of lower vigor have lower capacity for activation of antioxidant enzymes, especially peroxidases.
Türkiye'nin Sağlık ve Sosyal Harcamaları: Sosyal Hizmet Perspektifinden Retrospektif Karşılaştırmalı Bir Çalışma
Authors: ERKUL Ercem , YILDIRIM Buğra
Published: April 2020

1980’li
yılların başında sosyal devlet anlayışının azaldığı ve liberal ekonominin kılık
değiştirerek neoliberal politikalar adı altında hüküm sürdüğü bir süreç, hem
gelişmekte olan hem de gelişmiş ülkeler için başlamış oldu. Bu ülkelerin kamu
ve özel sektör ekonomileri daralmış, iç ve dış borçları artmış ve neoliberal
politikaları savunan ülkeler karşısında adeta onlar zayıf kalmışlardı. Bu bağlamda,
neoliberal politikaların gün yüzüne çıktığı 1980 yılı, Türkiye’ye ilişkin
sağlık ve sosyal harcamaların değerlendirilmesinde başlangıç yılı seçilmiştir.
Öte yandan, çalışmada sağlık ve sosyal harcamaların seçilmesinin nedeni ise
sosyal hizmet bakış açısının Ekonomik Kalkınma ve İşbirliği Örgütü (OECD)
verileri kullanılarak yapılacak olan değerlendirmeye yansıtılmak istenmesidir.
Dolayısıyla bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’nin sağlık ve sosyal harcamalarının
sosyal hizmet bakış açısı temelinde OECD verileri kullanılarak retrospektif
karşılaştırmalı şekilde incelenmesidir.
Algılanan Dışsal Prestijin Duygusal Emek Üzerindeki Etkisinde Örgütsel Özdeşleşmenin Aracılık Rolü: Konaklama İşletmelerinde Bir Araştırma
Authors: DENİZ Gaye , AYDOĞAN Enver
Published: April 2020

Bu
çalışmanın amacı, konaklama işletmelerindeki işgörenlerin dışsal prestij
algılarının sergiledikleri duygusal emek üzerindeki etkisinde örgütsel
özdeşleşmenin aracılık rolünü ortaya koymaktır. Nevşehir ilinde bulunan turizm
işletme belgeli dört ve beş yıldızlı konaklama işletmelerinde çalışan 506
işgören alan araştırmasına dâhil edilmiştir. Araştırmada kullanılan veriler,
işgörenlere uygulanan anket yöntemi ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizi için
merkezi eğilim ölçüleri, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi, korelasyon analizi ve
yapısal eşitlik modellemesi gibi istatistiksel analiz yöntemleri
kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, grup içi özdeşleşmenin duygusal
çelişki üzerinde tam aracılık, duygusal çaba üzerinde ise kısmi aracılık etkisi
bulunmaktadır. Son olarak, ulaşılan bulguların örgütsel ortamlarda
doğurabileceği sonuçlar değerlendirilerek, gerek araştırmacılara gerekse
yöneticilere birtakım önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Türkiye’de Muhasebe Meslek Mensuplarının Bireysel Girişimcilik Yönelimi Araştırması
Authors: ÖZDOĞAN Burak
Published: April 2020

Yüzyıllardır
tüm değişimlere uyum sağlamayı başaran muhasebe mesleği ve meslek mensupları,
içinde yaşadığımız yüzyılın en temel gerçekliği haline gelen dijitalleşme ve
beraberinde gelişen girişimcilik kültüründen yoğun biçimde etkilenmektedir.
Meslek mensuplarının, muhasebeciliğin geleceğinde söz sahibi olabilmesi için bu
değişime ayak uydurması ve geleneksel SMMM ya da büro sahibi rolünü teknoloji
merkezli girişimci rolüyle değiştirmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma ile
Türkiye’de muhasebe meslek mensuplarının bireysel girişimcilik yönelimlerinin
tespiti amaçlanmıştır. 393 meslek mensubunun yanıtladığı anket sonuçlarına göre
Türkiye’deki meslek mensuplarının bireysel girişimcilik yöneliminin yüksek
olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, girişimci olma niyeti yüksek meslek
mensuplarının bireysel girişimcilik yönelimi, girişimci olma niyeti düşük olan
meslek mensuplarına göre daha yüksek olarak ölçülmüştür.
Klasik Yönetim ve Kapalı Sistem mi? 1925 Yılından Önce Yazılmış Yönetim Ders Kitaplarında Açık Sistem İmaları
Authors: COŞKUN Recai
Published: April 2020

Çalışma, yönetim-organizasyon
kitaplarında yer alan, klasik yönetimin “kapalı sistem” yaklaşımını
benimsediğine ilişkin önermeyi Taylor, Fayol ve Weber’in eserleri ile 1925’ten
önce yazılmış İngilizce ders kitapları üzerinden nitel içerik çözümlemesi
yoluyla sorgulanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda Taylor, Fayol ve Weber’in eserleri
yanında beş tane günümüz Türkçe ders kitabı, sekiz tane günümüz İngilizce ders
kitabı ve on üç tane 1925 yılından önce yazılmış İngilizce ders kitabı
incelenmiştir. Birinci bulgu, incelenen günümüz Türkçe ders kitaplarının
hepsinde klasik yönetim ile kapalı sistem eşleştirilirken, İngilizce kitaplarda
bu türden bir yakıştırma yapılmamıştır. İkinci bulgu, Türkçe kitap yazarlarının
Taylor, Fayol ve Weber’in eserlerini yeterince incelemeden, haklarında
genellemeler yaptıklarıdır. Yine, klasik yönetimin çalışanları bir makine gibi
gördüklerine dair ifadenin de doğru olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Üçüncü bulgu, incelenen
1925 öncesi İngilizce ders kitaplarında örgütün dış çevresine yönelik ayrıntılı
bilgilere yer verildiğini göstermiştir. Son olarak, eksik eleştirel perspektif
nedeniyle, çok sayıda birbiriyle çelişir ifadenin günümüz ders kitaplarında yer
aldığı saptanmıştır. Bu bulgulara dayalı olarak ders kitaplarında ve ilgili
yazında Klasik Yönetim ile ilgili söylemde kökten değişikliklerin yapılması
önerilmiştir.
Yapısal ve Psikolojik Güçlendirmenin Kariyer Tatmini ve Yenilikçi İş Davranışı Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: CİNDİLOĞLU DEMİRER Mihriban
Published: April 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı yapısal ve psikolojik
güçlendirmenin kariyer tatmini ile yenilikçi iş davranışı üzerindeki etkisini
belirlemektir. Araştırma hipotezlerini test etmek amacıyla, üretim
işletmelerinde beyaz yakalı olarak görev yapan çalışanlardan anket yöntemi ile
veriler toplanmıştır. Analiz sonuçları incelendiğinde, yapısal ve psikolojik
güçlendirmenin kariyer tatmini ve yenilikçi iş davranışı üzerinde pozitif bir
etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada aynı zamanda iki model
karşılaştırma yapılarak incelenmiştir. Birinci model, yapısal güçlendirmenin
kariyer tatmini ve yenilikçi iş davranışı arasındaki ilişki üzerinde psikolojik
güçlendirmenin aracılık etkisinin olup olmadığıdır. İkinci model, yapısal ve
psikolojik güçlendirmenin yenilikçi iş davranışı üzerinde kariyer tatmininin
aracılık etkisinin olup olmadığıdır. Modelleri test etmek amacıyla hiyerarşik
regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Bu analizler sonucunda psikolojik güçlendirmenin
ve kariyer tatmininin değişkenler arasında aracılık rolü olduğu tespit
edilmiştir.
Araştırma Görevlilerinin Örgütsel Destek Algıları ve Örgütsel Bağlılıkları Arasındaki İlişkide Lider-Üye Etkileşiminin Aracılık Etkisi
Authors: DİNÇ Ertan , BİRİNCİOĞLU Nihan
Published: April 2020

Örgütsel bağlılığın, araştırma görevlilerinin verimliliği, performansı ve iş tatmini gibi iş çıktıları üzerinde önemli etkilere sahip olduğu düşünülmektedir Bu sebeple çalışmanın amacı, araştırma görevlilerinin örgütsel destek algıları ve örgütsel bağlılık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki ve bu iki kavram arasındaki ilişkide araştırma görev-lileri ve danışmanları arasındaki iletişimin aracılık etkisini incelemektir. Böyle bir ilişkinin test edilmesi için Baron ve Kenny’ nin aracılık (mediation) analiz modeli kullanıl-mıştır. Örneklem olarak devlet üniversitesinde ki 225 araştırma görevlisi seçilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak ise anket yöntemi seçilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın analizin bulguları ise, araştırma görevlilerinin örgütsel bağlılıkları ile örgütsel destek algıları arasında anlamlı ve pozitif bir ilişkinin olduğunu, lider-üye etkileşiminin bu ilişkide kısmi aracılık etkisi gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur.
Gelir Eşitsizliği ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Geçiş Ekonomileri Üzerine Panel Veri Analizi
Authors: ŞENGÜR Mehmet
Published: April 2020

Üretim
süreçleri sonucunda yaratılan değeri ifade eden gelirin, bireyler arasındaki
dağılımı bakımından ülke ekonomilerini önemli ölçüde etkilediği iler
sürülmektedir. Gelir dağılımını etkileyen çok sayıda ve çeşit te unsur
bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma da ekonomik büyümenin gelir dağılımının üzerindeki
etkileri geçiş ekonomisine sahip seçilen on ülke için 1995-2013 yıllarına ait
ekonomik büyüme ve Gini değerleri kullanılarak statik panel veri yöntemi ile
analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın temel amacı Kuznets  ters-U hipotezinin geçiş ekonomileri için
geçerliliğini test etmektir. Yapılan çalışmanın bulgularına göre, geçiş
ekonomisine sahip ülkelerde Kuznets’in ters-U hipotezine uygun olarak ekonomik
gelişmenin ilk aşamalarında gelir eşitsizliğinin arttığı tespit edilmiştir.
Gelişmenin sonraki aşamalarında ise ekonomik büyümenin gelir eşitsizliğini
azaltıcı bir etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kontrol değişkenlerinden
eğitime katılım oranının istatiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu görülmüştür. Kamu
harcamalarının gelir eşitsizliği üzerinde etkisi istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir
sonuç vermemiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, incelenen geçiş ekonomilerine sahip
ülkelerde Kuznets’in ters-U hipotezini desteklemektedir.
A Conceptual Model Proposal for Co-Creation of Social Value: Insights from Social Entrepreneurs
Authors: ACAR ERDUR Duygu , AFACAN FINDIKLI Mine
Published: April 2020

This study suggests a conceptual model of collaboration the between business organizations and social entrepreneurs for the co-creation of social value. The study is based on a qualitative research. The data is obtained by semi-structured interviews with nine social entrepreneurs in Turkey. Deriving from the data, nine propositions are generated that identifies how these two distinct actors can collaborate. Findings reveal that social entrepreneurs can provide social mission, awareness of specific needs, a focus on various problems and innovative problem solving ability in this collaboration. On the other hand, organizations can ensure financial resource, business insight and recognition to the social entrepreneurs. Additionally, our findings show that the network platforms have facilitator role in this collaboration. The findings of the study reveal that the engagement of organizations and social entrepreneurs may eliminate each other’s disadvantages and may provide long term social value.
Türkiye’de Yargı ile Siyaset İlişkisinin Kuvvetler Ayrılığı Perspektifinden Analizi
Authors: ULUÇAKAR Mustafa , ÇINAR Mehmet Fatih
Published: April 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de siyaset yargı ilişkisini, bu ilişki çerçevesinde yargı bağımsızlığı ve tarafsızlığı kavramlarının nasıl yapılandığını kuvvetler ayrılığı perspektifinden analiz etmektedir. Günümüz Türkiye’sinde yargı ile siyaset arasındaki ayrımın giderek daha fazla silikleştiğine dair iddialar artmaktadır. Bu iddialar yargı siyaset ilişkinin olması gereken noktadan saptığı noktasında yoğunlaşmakta ve kuvvetler ayrılığı ilkesinin hukuksal değerinin ulusal ve uluslararası yargı bağımsızlığı düzenlemeleri açısından incelenmesini gerektirmektedir. Çalışma, yöntem olarak nitel ve betimleyici bir araştırmadır. Çalışma verisi ikincil kaynaklar-literatür taraması (Anayasa Mahkemesi Kararları, Resmî Gazete arşivleri, ilgili yasal mevzuat, ilgili literatür, gazete arşivleri, konuyla ilgili araştırmalarda yer alan istatistiksel veriler) yoluyla elde edilmiş ve analitik bir değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuştur.
Kristal Viyolet boyar maddesinin renk giderimi ile çift frekans (20 kHz+640 kHz) ultrasonik sisteminin optimum koşullarının belirlenmesi
Authors: EREN Zeynep , O'SHEA Kevin
Published: April 2020

Su ve atıksu arıtımında tek frekans ultrasonik oksidasyon uygulaması son yıllarda başarılı bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Ultrasonik oksidasyon sistem parametrelerinin optimize edilmesi ile ilave bir kimyasal gerektirmeden su ortamındaki kirleticilerin arıtılmasını etkin bir şekilde sağlamaktadır. Bununla birlikte, son yıllarda ultrasonik oksidasyon sistemlerinin verimliliğini artırmak için düşük ve yüksek frekans ultrasonik kaynaklar birleştirilerek çift frekanslı ultrasonik sistemler elde edilmektedir. İki yada daha fazla frekansa sahip olan bu sistemler kavitasyonel ürün olarak adlandırılabilecek oksidasyonda rol alan aktif radikal türlerini artırmakta ve hedef kirleticilerin daha yüksek verimle arıtılmasını sağlamaktadır. Çift frekans uygulamaları ayrıca aktif radikal türlerinin çözelti faza difüzyonunu kolaylaştırmakta ve böylece sıvı fazdaki kirleticiler için daha fazla aktif radikal bulunması anlamına gelmektedir. Bu çalışma 20 kHz düşük ve 640 kHz yüksek frekansa sahip iki ultrasonik kaynağın eşzamanlı olarak çalıştırılması ile elde edilen Çift Frekans Ultrasonik Sistemin (ÇFUS) optimum işletme parametrelerini Kristal Viyolet (KV) boyar maddesinin parçalanması üzerinden belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ultrasonik sistemin güç optimizasyonu kalorimetrik deneylerle yapılacaktır.
ChIP-SICAP v1
Authors: Rafiee Sina
Published: April 2020

Chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry (ChIP-MS) suffers from unexpected proteins that bind to chromatin during the cell lysis and immunoprecipitation (IP). The so-called hitchhikers of chromatin are hardly washed away by gentle washing steps applied to a normal IP protocol. We employed DNA end-labeling by Terminal Transferase (TdT) to purify proteins specifically bound to chromatin. Using this double purification strategy, chromatin fragments are released from IP beads, and re-captured by streptavidin beads. Thus, we can apply stringent conditions to remove the hitchhikers of chromatin, and to identify authentic proteins co-localized with the protein of interest. We call this protocol Selective Isolation of Chromatin-Associated Proteins (SICAP). So far, ChIP-SICAP was successfully applied to different cell lines such mouse ES cells, mouse fibroblast cells, HEK 293T, HeLa, U2OS as well as mouse and human tissues. Here, we share the most updated version of our protocol. If you have any questions please feel free to email us.
SAPONIN - Emergency Medicine Protocol Covid19 v1
Authors: Di Maio Paola
Published: April 2020

Covid19 has been proven to be highly susceptible to common soap. https://scitechdaily.com/does-soap-actually-kill-the-coronavirus-heres-the-chemistry-video/ The soap dissolves the coating of the virus molecules and destroys the virus, thus being the most effective, fastest and least expensive way to decontaminate by washing hands In patients already affected by the virus however, where it has spread to their bloodstream and lungs, require effective ways of using a comparative method like washing hands to their internal organs This protocol lists herbs which naturally contain saponin. Saponin is the active compound in common soap. It is found in nature, and although its direct consumption is not advised, in appropriate dilution, it does not generally have harmful effects
Emergency Phytotheraphy Field Practice Protocol Covid19 Materials and Methods v1
Authors: Di Maio Paola
Published: April 2020

In the absence of adequate medical care due to shortage of staff and facilities, as the spread of Covid19 virus reaches unprecedented spread rate and death toll, medical facilities and staff are not adequate to supply the necessary care to the wider population. Extreme measures are necessary to avoid the loss of life among those who do not have access to adequate care facilities and medications The EM protocols published here combine emergengy medicince, field clinical practitioner and fitotheraphy appraoch using antiviral and anti inflammatory compounds extracted from widely available herbs plus standard procedures used for respiratory disorders such as inhalation and vaporization. The protocol is being released for general adoption with the intent to set up clinical trials and initiate the synthesys of a compoud suitable for intravenous administration. Please contact the author if you d like to report results, suggest changes or collaborate on a formula
EMERGENCY MEDICINE PROTOCOL: Sanitization of PP v1
Authors: Di Maio Paola
Published: April 2020

During Covid19 emergency, there is a shortage of PPE and items which would normally be single use/disposable may have to be utilized over a prolonged period of time This protocol prescribes simple steps for the sterilization of masks, gloves and other PPE that should be sanitized after each use to minimise contamination
Application of BiMax, POLS, and LCM-MBC to Find Bicluster on Interactions Protein between HIV-1 and Human
Authors: Bustamam Alhadi , Siswantining Titin , Kaloka Tesdiq P. , Swasti Olivia
Published: April 2020

Biclustering, in general, is a process of clustering genes and conditions simultaneously rather than clustering them separately. The purpose of biclustering is to discover a subset from experimental data. Further, biclustering results can be analyzed from a biological perspective. Biclustering can also be used for protein-protein interaction. In protein-protein interaction, biclustering can cluster interactions based on rows and columns. In this research, we applied three biclustering algorithms based on graph approach, Binary inclusion-Maximal (BiMax), local search framework based on pairs operation (POLS), and (LCM-MBC) to clustering data of protein-protein interaction between HIV-1 and human. We change the interaction protein-protein interaction data into binary then divided into two datasets called HV positive and HV negative. Then compare the biclustering results of each dataset using heatmap and analyze them with GO terms. From dataset HV positive, BiMax found 30 biclusters, LCM-MBC 31 biclusters, and POLS 13 biclusters. From dataset HV negative, BiMax found eight biclusters, LCM-MBC 14 bicluster, and POLS 10 biclusters. Based on the results of the heatmap, all bicluster entry from BiMax is a protein that interacts, whereas biclusters entry of LCM-MBC and POLS still have proteins that do not interact. It can be concluded that BiMax algorithm is good for clustering protein-protein interaction, especially for binary data.