bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and fluorescence properties of unsymmetrical 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole dyes
Authors: Kubota Yasuhiro , Koide Kenta , Mizuno Yuka , Nakazawa Masato , Inuzuka Toshiyasu , Funabiki Kazumasa , Sato Hiroyasu , Matsui Masaki
Published: December 2021

Despite being regioisomers, unsymmetrical 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles 5 and 6 showed significantly different absorption and fluorescence properties due to the difference of the resonance structure between 5 and 6.
In situ analysis of the nucleation of O- and Zn-polar ZnO nanowires using synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction
Authors: Cantelli Valentina , Guillemin Sophie , Sarigiannidou Eirini , Carlá Francesco , Bérini Bruno , Chauveau Jean-Michel , Fong Dillon D. , Renevier Hubert , Consonni Vincent
Published: December 2021

The very first steps of the formation of O- and Zn-polar ZnO nanowires grown by chemical bath deposition are studied using in situ synchrotron-based XRD with ex situ electron microscopy, casting a new light on the physicochemical processes at work.
A flame-retardant polyimide interlayer with polysulfide lithium traps and fast redox conversion towards safety and high sulfur utilization Li–S batteries
Authors: Zhou Zhiyu , Chen Zexiang , Zhao Yang , Lv Huifang , Wei Hualiang , Chen Bingbing , Gu Zengjie , Wang Yan
Published: December 2021

A flame-retardant polyimide interlayer is designed for Li–S batteries, which integrates electroconductive networks, lithium polysulfide traps and catalysts, using polyimide resin, multiwalled carbon nanotubes and nickel-plated stainless steel gauze.
Lattice distortion of crystalline-amorphous nickel molybdenum sulfide nanosheets for high-efficiency overall water splitting: libraries of lone pairs of electrons and in situ surface reconstitution
Authors: Shi Zhikai , Yu Zebin , Guo Juan , Jiang Ronghua , Hou Yanping , Chen Yushan , Chen Honglei , Wang Mi , Pang Han , Tang Wenjun
Published: December 2021

A novel, simple, and effective crystalline-amorphous strategy for lattice distortion of NiMoS4-12 is reported.
pH-Responsive size-shrinkable mesoporous silica-based nanocarriers for improving tumor penetration and therapeutic efficacy
Authors: He Yongju , Fan Xingyu , Wu Xiaozan , Hu Taishun , Zhou Fangfang , Tan Songwen , Chen Botao , Pan Anqiang , Liang Shuquan , Xu Hui
Published: December 2021

To overcome the nanomedicine penetration barrier across the dense tumor matrix, acidic tumor microenvironment-responsive size-shrinkable mesoporous silica-based nanomedicine is developed for enhancing drug tumor penetration and therapeutic efficacy.
Organic/inorganic hydrogels by simultaneous self-assembly and mineralization of aromatic short-peptides
Authors: Mañas-Torres Mari C. , Ramírez-Rodríguez Gloria B. , García-Peiro José I. , Parra-Torrejón Belén , Cuerva Juan M. , Lopez-Lopez Modesto T. , Álvarez de Cienfuegos Luis , Delgado-López José M.
Published: December 2021

Hybrid hydrogels with a tunable structure–function relationship were prepared by simultaneous self-assembly and mineralization of aromatic short-peptides. Sub-stoichiometric Ca concentrations resulted in nanoapatite oriented along the peptide fiber.
Facile fabrication of carbon microtube arrays from waste wood for use as self-supporting supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Luo Honggang , Si Rongrong , Li Changwei , Zhang Junliu , Li Peng , Tao Yubo , Zhao Xin , Chen Honglei , Jiang Jianchun
Published: December 2021

Porous carbon materials with microtube arrays have been fabricated from larch waste wood by coupling green delignification and multistage carbonization. The pore size of the sample was effectively controlled by multistage carbonization.
On the resistivity, temperature coefficient of resistance, and ampacity of Cu–CNT and Ni–CNT composites
Authors: Duhain Antoine , Lamblin Guillaume , Lenoble Damien
Published: December 2021

The annealing (at 1073 K under Ar) of Ni–CNT composite, featuring CNT being fully embedded in Ni, leads to a highly interconnected system (by Ni nodules) with a decreased resistivity, as opposed to Cu–CNT composite.
Molecule-like cluster magnetism and cationic order in the new hexagonal perovskite Ba4Sn1.1Mn2.9O12
Authors: Wu Junkun , Yan Xiaohui , Guo Wenbin , Wang Xiaoming , Yin Congling , Kuang Xiaojun
Published: December 2021

The new 12R hexagonal perovskite Ba4Sn1.1Mn2.9O12 shows molecular-like cluster magnetism and Sn/Mn cationic order.
Prediction of superconductivity in bilayer borophenes
Authors: Yan Luo , Ku Ruiqi , Zou Jing , Zhou Liujiang , Zhao Jijun , Jiang Xue , Wang Bao-Tian
Published: December 2021

Bilayer borophene B8 and B30 are BCS-superconductors withTcof 11.9 and 4.9 K, respectively.
Effect of the Wells–Dawson phosphomolybdic heteropolyacid on the conversion of glucose into glycolic acid
Authors: Cao Jiamin , Wang Xin , Zhang Yang , Xie Xin'an
Published: December 2021

The Wells–Dawson phosphomolybdic heteropolyacid had high activity and selectivity in the epimerization of glucose into mannose and the [2 + 4] retro-aldol reaction of glucose/mannose.
Mesocrystal TiO2 films: in situ topotactic transformation and application in dye-sensitised solar cells
Authors: Lei Bingyu , Valluvar Oli Arivazhagan , Ivaturi Aruna , Robertson Neil
Published: December 2021

Mesocrystal TiO2 films were obtained via an in situ topotactic transformation using printed NH4TiOF3 films as a precursor, and performed well in dye sensitised solar cells as either single-layer photoanodes or scattering layers.
Sustainable Energy & Fuels: 2022 and beyond
Authors: Rumbles Garry
Published: December 2021

A message from Garry Rumbles, Editor-in-Chief of Sustainable Energy & Fuels.
Current advances in solar-blind photodetection technology: using Ga2O3 and AlGaN
Authors: Varshney Urvashi , Aggarwal Neha , Gupta Govind
Published: December 2021

Recent advancements and applications of solar-blind ultraviolet photodetectors utilizing Ga2O3 and AlGaN materials.
Detection of the propargyl radical at λ 3 mm
Authors: Agúndez M. , Marcelino N. , Cabezas C. , Fuentetaja R. , Tercero B. , de Vicente P. , Cernicharo J.
Published: December 2021

We report the detection of the propargyl radical (CH2CCH) in the cold dark cloud TMC-1 in the λ 3 mm wavelength band. We recently discovered this species in space toward the same source at a wavelength of λ 8 mm. In those observations, various hyperfine components of the 20,2–10,1 rotational transition, at 37.5 GHz, were detected using the Yebes 40 m telescope. Here, we used the IRAM 30 m telescope to detect ten hyperfine components of the 50,5–40,4 rotational transition, lying at 93.6 GHz. The observed frequencies differ by 0.2 MHz with respect to the predictions from available laboratory data. This difference is significant for a radio-astronomical search for CH2CCH in interstellar sources with narrow lines. We thus included the measured frequencies in a new spectroscopic analysis to provide accurate frequency predictions for the interstellar search for propargyl at millimeter wavelengths. Moreover, we recommend that future searches for CH2CCH in cold interstellar clouds be carried out at λ 3 mm rather than at λ 8 mm. The 50,5–40,4 transition is about five times more intense than the 20,2–10,1 one in TMC-1, which implies that detecting the former requires about seven times less telescope time than detecting the latter. We constrain the rotational temperature of CH2CCH in TMC-1 to 9.9 ± 1.5 K, which indicates that the rotational levels of this species are thermalized at the gas kinetic temperature. The revised value of the column density of CH2CCH (including ortho and para species) is (1.0 ± 0.2) × 1014 cm−2, and thus the CH2CCH/CH3CCH abundance ratio is revised slightly higher, approaching one. This study opens the door to future detections of CH2CCH in other cold interstellar clouds, making it possible to further investigate the role of this very abundant hydrocarbon radical in the synthesis of large organic molecules, such as aromatic rings.
Utility of nail enamel for inking of surgical margins in oral biopsy: a comparative study
Authors: Kizhakkoottu Suvarna , Santhanam Archana , Sherlin Herald. J. , Jayaraj Gifrina , Don Kanchi Ravi
Published: December 2021

Background:India Ink is the most commonly used ink in surgical pathology. The main disadvantages of India Ink are longer drying time, monochrome, toxicity and cost. Because of these disadvantages, alternative materials have been suggested to replace India ink. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of nail enamel for inking of surgical margin and to compare it with India ink.Materials and methods:N = 20, which included 10 mucosal and 10 skin samples. Each selected margin is divided into 2 equal halves and one is inked with India ink and the other with nail enamel (Vernis A Ongles: Dark green). After routine processing and staining, the effectiveness of nail enamel and India ink were compared based on macroscopic and microscopic parameters.Results:Less drying time and visibility on paraffin wax block were excellent for nail enamel. Microscopic visibility of nail enamel was comparable with that of India ink. However, processing fluids contamination is the main drawback of nail enamel.Conclusion:Nail enamel can be used as an alternative to India ink because of its less drying time, ease of application, good visibility on wax blocks and microscopically, availability in multiple colours, cost effectiveness and non-toxicity.
A rare presentation of rhinosporidiosis on buccal mucosa − a case report
Authors: Santosh B.S. , Harish Kumar A. , Singh Rajdeep , Jose Jerin , Shivamrthy D.M. , Daniel Diana
Published: December 2021

Introduction:Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic mucocutaneous infection caused byRhinosporidium seeberi, which mainly affects the mucus membranes of the nose, oropharynx, skin, eyes, and genital mucosa. The purpose of this case report was to illustrate the importance of clinicians in understanding the unusual incidence of this fungal infection, clinical presentation, treatment modalities, and recurrence rate.Observations:A clinical case report showed rare occurrence of rhinosporidiosis in the lower third of the face. The lesion was surgically excised by electrocauterization at its base.Commentaries:The patient showed no signs of recurrence even after 3 years of follow-up. Further research should be carried out to analyze the role of genetic predisposition in causing zoonotic infection.Conclusion:Rhinosporidiosis should also be considered as the differential diagnosis when facial swelling is encountered.
Improved analytical model for cylindrical compression springs not ground considering end behavior of end coils
Authors: Cadet Guillaume , Paredes Manuel , Orcière Hervé
Published: December 2021

In a context of increased competition, companies are looking to optimize all the components of their systems. They use compression springs with constant pitch for their linear force/length relationship. However, it appears that the classic formula determining the global load-length of the spring is not always accurate enough. It does not consider the effects of the spring's ends, which can induce non-linear behaviour at the beginning of compression and thus propagate an error over the full load-length estimated. The paper investigates the entire behaviour of a cylindrical compression spring, not ground, using analytical, simulation and experimental approaches in order to help engineers design compression springs with greater accuracy. It is built with an analytical finite element method, considering all the geometry and force components of the spring. As a result, the global load-length of compression springs can be calculated with more accuracy. Moreover, it is now possible to determine the effective tri-linear load-length relation of compression springs not ground and thus to enlarge the operating range commonly defined by standards. This study is the first that enables the behaviour to be calculated quickly, by saving time on dimensioning optimisation and on the manufacturing process of compression springs not ground.
Trauerbegleitung
Authors: Rüter Luise , Welsch Katja , Elfgang Rita , Stern Cornelia
Published: December 2021

Vier Experten stellen Trauerbegleitung mithilfe von Trauerspaziergängen, Homöopathie, Gemmotherapie und Spagyrik vor.
Und? Was kannst du jetzt für mich tun?
Authors: Cardinal Claudia
Published: December 2021

Die Autorin beschreibt, wie sie eine krebskranke Klientin begleitet, deren baldiger Abschied vom physischen Leben unweigerlich bevorsteht. Der gemeinsame Prozess umfasst unter anderem die sogenannte LebensArt – eine Methode zur Erforschung der Einzigartigkeit der eigenen Persönlichkeit – als auch den Abschied von nahen Menschen. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit kommt in jeder Begleitung auch den sogenannten Abschiedsmonstern zu. Diese gilt es zu verwandeln, damit die Klienten in Frieden gehen können.
Begegnung zum Anfassen
Authors: Wortberg Marie
Published: December 2021

Achtsame Berührung vermittelt sterbenden und schwerkranken Menschen in der palliativen Pflege wohltuenden Kontakt, Innehalten und entlastende Hilfen. Konfrontiert mit der Endlichkeit des Lebens und auch Gefühlen von Verlust und Hilflosigkeit der Beteiligten, profitieren Pflegekräfte deutlich von der mit dem Konzept verbundenen (Selbst-) Fürsorge, Teamgesprächen und Unterstützungsangeboten. Drei Beispiele aus der Praxis verdeutlichen die Bedeutung des Innehaltens und des Kontakts für die Begleitung Sterbender.
Antiviral Treatments for Influenza
Authors: Palomba Emanuele , Castelli Valeria , Renisi Giulia , Bandera Alessandra , Lombardi Andrea , Gori Andrea
Published: December 2021

Influenza is an acute respiratory illness caused by the influenza A, B, and C viruses. It can occur in local outbreaks or seasonal epidemics, with possibility to spread worldwide in a pandemic when a novel strain with significant antigenic differences emerges. During the past years, several new drugs have become available, with different accessibility related to specific countries' approval. We have conducted a review of literature, analyzing the most recent data on efficacy and safety of drugs currently available to treat influenza, with a particular attention toward special populations. Efficacy and safety profile of neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, zanamivir, laninamivir, peramivir) and recently approved cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor baloxavir marboxil are reported in literature, but still little information is available about special populations such as critically ill patients and patients with a history of chronic respiratory disease. Moreover, the emergence of strains with reduced or no susceptibility to current drugs is a matter of concern, suggesting the need of constant monitoring of viral variants.
Complicação incomum de migração do pino intramedular durante a artroplastia total de joelho – Relato de caso
Authors: Londhe Sanjay Bhalchandra , Shah Ravi Vinod , Banka Paras
Published: December 2021

A artroplastia total do joelho (ATJ) é uma das cirurgias mais eficazes para alívio da dor e melhora da função no estágio final da artrose (quando ocorre contato entre os ossos). As várias complicações intraoperatórias da ATJ incluem fratura, lesão em tendão ou ligamentos, e complicações nervosas ou vasculares. Neste artigo, descrevemos uma complicação incomum: a migração do pino intramedular dentro do canal femoral durante a ATJ. Um paciente do sexo masculino de 72 anos foi submetido a ATJ com sistema de estabilização posterior e sacrifício do ligamento cruzado posterior. A porção distal do fêmur foi seccionada, e o equilíbrio foi verificado em extensão. Em seguida, um bloco anteroposterior (AP) cinco em um foi utilizado para seção anterior, posterior, de chanfro, e entalhe. Por apresentar uma saliência medial, o bloco foi deslocado em sentido lateral. Ao fazê-lo, os pinos também tiveram de ser deslocados, e um deles foi inadvertidamente inserido na abertura do canal medular do fêmur criado. Como instrumentos ortopédicos usuais, como pinça reta longa e saca-bocado pituitário não conseguiram remover o pino migrado, uma pinça laparoscópica extralonga foi usada sob controle fluoroscópico para localizar, agarrar e remover o pino migrado.
COVID-19 in Immunocompromised Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Stainer Anna , Amati Francesco , Suigo Giulia , Simonetta Edoardo , Gramegna Andrea , Voza Antonio , Aliberti Stefano
Published: December 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified as a novel coronavirus in Wuhan, Hubei province, central China, in December 2019, and is responsible for the 2019-to-present pandemic. According to the most recent data released by the World Health Organization, more than 200 million people have been infected by SARS-CoV-2 so far, and more than 4 million people died worldwide. Although our knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 is constantly growing, data on COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients are still limited. The aim of the present systematic review is to describe clinical picture, disease severity, proposed treatment regimen, and response to vaccination in patients with different types and severity of immunosuppression.
Ultralow thermal conductivity of thermoelectric compound Ag2BaGeSe4
Authors: Tang Y. X. , Hong A. J. , Zhai W. J. , Shao Y. , Lin L. , Yan Z. B. , Zhou X. H. , Lu X. M. , Chen C. , Jiang X. P. , Liu J.-M.
Published: December 2021

Due to their relatively low but potentially promising conversion efficiency, great efforts have been made in exploration of new thermoelectric materials, where ultralow thermal conductivity is usually desired without scarifying the power factor (PF). Cu-based quaternary chalcogenides, such as Cu2ZnSnSe4 and its analogs, have long been considered potential candidates for thermoelectric applications, while Ag-based counterparts with potentially ultralow thermal conductivity have rarely been studied. In this work, we report the thermoelectric properties of the Ag-based compound Ag2BaGeSe4. A series of polycrystalline Ag2+xBa1−xGeSe4 samples with x = 0–0.1 were synthesized via the vacuum melting method, and indeed, an ultralow thermal conductivity of as low as ∼0.35 W m−1 K−1 was achieved. It is found that Ag doping does benefit from the enhancement of carrier density, but this enhancement may be partially offset by the serious hole-killer effect at low (room) temperature, as revealed in the literature. However, the moderately enhanced electrical conductivity at high temperature contributes to a PF of ∼1.9 μW cm−1 K−2 and a figure of merit (ZT) value of up to ∼0.33 at 673 K for sample x = 0.075. The first-principles calculation indicates the preference of low-lying optical modes and avoided crossing effects, together with the high Grüneisen parameter and short relaxation time, all contributing to the ultralow thermal conductivity of this series.
Incidental finding of renal cell carcinoma in an asymptomatic patient on low-dose computed tomography screening for lung cancer
Authors: Jones Steven , Bauler Laura D. , Baumgartner Michael , Schauer Mark
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION In 2013, the United States Preventive Services Task Force recommended annual low-dose computed tomography (CT) screening for lung cancer in high-risk adults with a significant smoking history. These screenings result in large numbers of incidental findings, and although most of these do not warrant further investigation, there have been reported cases of incidental findings identified on CT screening that led to successful treatment of a previously undiagnosed comorbidity. CASE HISTORY Here, we report a case of papillary renal cell carcinoma that was detected incidentally on low-dose CT in an asymptomatic individual, a rare diagnosis considering that renal neoplasms account for <1% of incidental findings on these screenings. CONCLUSION This case highlights the value of investigating these incidental findings, with the goal of detecting underlying disease in some cases before it would have presented symptomatically.
Microbiome-mediated incapacitation of interferon lambda production in the oral mucosa
Authors: Rodriguez-Hernandez Carlos J. , Sokoloski Kevin J. , Stocke Kendall S. , Dukka Himabindu , Jin Shunying , Metzler Melissa A. , Zaitsev Konstantin , Shpak Boris , Shen Daonan , Miller Daniel P. , Artyomov Maxim N. , Lamont Richard J. , Bagaitkar Juhi
Published: December 2021

Here, we show that
Porphyromonas gingivalis
(
Pg
), an endogenous oral pathogen, dampens all aspects of interferon (IFN) signaling in a manner that is strikingly similar to IFN suppression employed by multiple viral pathogens.
Pg
suppressed IFN production by down-regulating several IFN regulatory factors (IRFs 1, 3, 7, and 9), proteolytically degrading STAT1 and suppressing the nuclear translocation of the ISGF3 complex, resulting in profound and systemic repression of multiple interferon-stimulated genes.
Pg
-induced IFN paralysis was not limited to murine models but was also observed in the oral tissues of human periodontal disease patients, where overabundance of
Pg
correlated with suppressed IFN generation. Mechanistically, multiple virulence factors and secreted proteases produced by
Pg
transcriptionally suppressed IFN promoters and also cleaved IFN receptors, making cells refractory to exogenous IFN and inducing a state of broad IFN paralysis. Thus, our data show a bacterial pathogen with equivalence to viruses in the down-regulation of host IFN signaling.
Lipid-loaded tumor-associated macrophages sustain tumor growth and invasiveness in prostate cancer
Authors: Masetti Michela , Carriero Roberta , Portale Federica , Marelli Giulia , Morina Nicolò , Pandini Marta , Iovino Marta , Partini Bianca , Erreni Marco , Ponzetta Andrea , Magrini Elena , Colombo Piergiuseppe , Elefante Grazia , Colombo Federico Simone , den Haan Joke M.M. , Peano Clelia , Cibella Javier , Termanini Alberto , Kunderfranco Paolo , Brummelman Jolanda , Chung Matthew Wai Heng , Lazzeri Massimo , Hurle Rodolfo , Casale Paolo , Lugli Enrico , DePinho Ronald A. , Mukhopadhyay Subhankar , Gordon Siamon , Di Mitri Diletta
Published: December 2021

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are correlated with the progression of prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCa). The mechanistic basis of this correlation and therapeutic strategies to target TAMs in PCa remain poorly defined. Here, single-cell RNA sequencing was used to profile the transcriptional landscape of TAMs in human PCa, leading to identification of a subset of macrophages characterized by dysregulation in transcriptional pathways associated with lipid metabolism. This subset of TAMs correlates positively with PCa progression and shorter disease-free survival and is characterized by an accumulation of lipids that is dependent on Marco. Mechanistically, cancer cell–derived IL-1β enhances Marco expression on macrophages, and reciprocally, cancer cell migration is promoted by CCL6 released by lipid-loaded TAMs. Moreover, administration of a high-fat diet to tumor-bearing mice raises the abundance of lipid-loaded TAMs. Finally, targeting lipid accumulation by Marco blockade hinders tumor growth and invasiveness and improves the efficacy of chemotherapy in models of PCa, pointing to combinatorial strategies that may influence patient outcomes.
The Sharma–Tasso–Olver–Burgers equation: its conservation laws and kink solitons
Authors: Hosseini K , Akbulut A , Baleanu D , Salahshour S
Published: December 2021

The present paper deals with the Sharma–Tasso–Olver–Burgers equation (STOBE) and its conservation laws and kink solitons. More precisely, the formal Lagrangian, Lie symmetries, and adjoint equations of the STOBE are firstly constructed to retrieve its conservation laws. Kink solitons of the STOBE are then extracted through adopting a series of newly well-designed approaches such as Kudryashov and exponential methods. Diverse graphs in 2 and 3D postures are formally portrayed to reveal the dynamical features of kink solitons. According to the authors’ knowledge, the outcomes of the current investigation are new and have been listed for the first time.
Fast Radio Bursts as Crustal Dynamical Events Induced by Magnetic Field Evolution in Young Magnetars
Authors: Horvath J. E. , Moraes P. H. R. S. , de Avellar M. G. B. , Rocha L. S.
Published: December 2021

We revisit in this work a model for repeating Fast Radio Bursts based of the release of energy provoked by the magnetic field dynamics affecting a magnetar’s crust. We address the basics of such a model by solving the propagation of the perturbation approximately, and quantify the energetics and the radiation by bunches of charges in the so-called charge starved region in the magnetosphere. The (almost) simultaneous emission of newly detected X-rays from SGR 1935+2154 is tentatively associated with a reconnection behind the propagation. The strength of f-mode gravitational radiation excited by the event is quantified, and more detailed studies of the nonlinear (spiky) soliton solutions are suggested.
Normalization in dynamic speckle analysis for non-destructive monitoring of speed of processes
Authors: Stoykova Elena , Nazarova Dimana , Nedelchev Lian , Levchenko Mikhail , Berberova-Buhova Nataliya , Ivanov Branimir
Published: December 2021

The paper is dedicated to analysis of normalized intensity-based pointwise algorithms for processing dynamic speckle images with spatially varying speckle statistics in non-destructive visualization of regions of faster or slower changes across an object. Both existing and newly proposed algorithms are analyzed. Extraction of speed of changes is done by acquiring correlated in time speckle images formed on the object surface under laser illumination. The studied algorithms have been applied to simulated low and high contrast speckle data. Their performance has been compared to processing of binary patterns as another approach for dealing with varying speckle statistics in the acquired images. The efficiency of the algorithms have been checked on the experimental data, including data in a compressed format. We have proven that the algorithms with normalization at successive instants by a sum of two intensities or a single intensity outperform as a whole the algorithms which apply the time-averaged estimates of the mean value and the variance of speckle intensity.
Performance Analysis of a Cloud Computing System using Queuing Model with Correlated Task Reneging
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Soodan Bhavneet Singh , Kuaban Godlove Suila , Czekalski Piotr , Sharma Sapana
Published: December 2021

Queuing theory has been extensively used in the modelling and performance analysis of cloud computing systems. The phenomenon of the task (or request) reneging, that is, the dropping of requests from the request queue often occur in cloud computing systems, and it is important to consider it when developing performance evaluations models for cloud computing infrastructures. Majority of studies in the performance evaluation of cloud computing data centres with the use of queuing theory do not consider the fact that the tasks could be removed from queue without being serviced. The removal of tasks from the queue could be due to the user impatience, execution deadline expiration, security reasons, or as an active queue management strategy. The reneging could be correlated in nature, that is, if a request is dropped (or reneged) at any time epoch, and then there is a probability that a request may or may not be dropped at the next time epoch. This kind of dropping (or reneging) of requests is referred to as correlated request reneging. In this paper we have modelled a cloud computing infrastructure with correlated request reneging using queuing theory. An M/M/1/N queuing model with correlated reneging has been used to study the performance analysis of the load balancing server of a cloud computing system. The steady-state as well as the transient performance analyses have been carried out. Important measures of performance like average queue size, average delay, probability of task blocking, and the probability of no waiting in the queue are studied. Finally, some comparisons are performed which describe the effect of correlated task reneging over simple exponential reneging.
Parameter identification of permanent magnet synchronous AC motor based on spectral method
Authors: Cong Yuhao , Ji Qingjiao , Hu Guang-Da
Published: December 2021

This paper establishes a mathematical model with random terms for a permanent magnet synchronous AC motor, which is a nonlinear system using d - axis current, q - axis current and the rotor electric angular speed as state variables. The numerical solution obtained by the Euler-Maruyama method is used as the measurement data. Aiming at the parameter identification of the system, a step-by-step identification method based on the spectral method discretize the system first and then using the least squares is proposed. This method is used to identify multiple parameters of the motor in the same model. In step-by-step identification, firstly by fixing the motor speed, the system is transformed into a linear system, which is used to estimate the resistance, inductance and flux linkage. After that, the speed is not fixed, for the electrical parameters are known, we can identify damping and inertia by using mechanical equations. Finally, the experimental results show that the relative errors of the parameters identified by the proposed method are smaller, which shows the effectiveness of this method for multi-parameter identification.
Wide-angle acousto-optic devices based on isotropic light scattering in biaxial crystals
Authors: Kupreychik M I , Balakshy V I , Pozhar V E
Published: December 2021

Using the example of a rhombic crystal of alpha-iodic acid, a detailed study of new variants of acousto-optic isotropic light scattering in oblique sections of biaxial crystals, whose refractive surface contains a concave portion, is carried out. For these cases, the frequency dependences of the Bragg angles and the ranges of acousto-optic interaction are calculated. The possibility of implementing a unique, simultaneously broadband and wide-angle variant of light scattering is established. It is shown that the two-dimensional transfer function of such acousto-optic geometry has a complex X-shaped structure that has no analogues among uniaxial crystals. The possibility of applying this diffraction regime in light beam spatial filtering devices is studied.
Analysis of chromatic aberrations influence on operation of the tunable AOTF-based source
Authors: Beliaeva A S , Romanova G E , Chertov A N
Published: December 2021

Developing a source with the possibility of tuning in wavelengths based on an acousto-optical tunable filter (AOTF), an essential factor is the ability to provide accurate color coordinates of the simulated color (in the case of developing a color standard for colorimetry) or the required wavelength (in the case of an application for spectral studies). As shown earlier, the choice of the principal layout – confocal or parallel beam path - primarily determines the dimensions and efficiency of using the luminous flux. However, these schemes also need to be analyzed for color or wavelength fidelity, considering other components used in the scheme. The analysis performed allows to identify the optimal scheme to ensure the required color reproduction accuracy and establish the requirements for correcting chromatic aberrations of the components.
2D scanning system of the acousto-optical deflector with high diffraction efficiency
Authors: Pichugina Y V , Garnov S V , Bulkin Y N
Published: December 2021

The paper considers advantages and special features of an acousto-optic method for the development of a functional device for spatial and temporal control of laser light and reports results of investigations to create a two-directional acousto-optic laser scanner with diffraction efficiency as high as 80 percent or better. An acousto-optic deflector on a paratellurite crystal operating under the Bragg diffraction condition with a lithium niobate piezoelectric acoustic transducer was developed and tested experimentally. The results of this work can serve as a basis for the development of prototype functional acousto-optic devices for spatial and temporal control of laser light and their application to create laser television images.
Optimization of operating modes of the weak absorption spectrometer
Authors: Korolenko P V , Vokhnik O M
Published: December 2021

The possibilities of improving the characteristics of a weak absorption spectrometer consisting of a frequency-tunable laser and an external analytical resonator with the test substance are analyzed. The influence of the scanning speed of the laser frequency on the choice of the spectrometer operating modes that provide the required resolution and the required sensitivity of spectral measurements is considered. Particular attention is paid to assessing the role of the interaction of modes in an analytical cavity on the structure of the recorded spectra. It was found that at a high rate of change in the laser frequency and superposition of fields of longitudinal modes, an improvement in the resolving power is combined with a certain decrease in the sensitivity and accuracy of recording weak spectral lines. It is shown that the optimization of the spectrometer operation modes requires correct accounting of the Q-factor of the analytical resonator and the line width of the probe radiation.
Development of a selective assembly card of the «Koadut» lens
Authors: Kachurin Yu.Yu. , Kananykhin O.A. , Levin I.A.
Published: December 2021

The work is devoted to the development of a selective assembly card of the «Koadut» lens, depending on the actual thickness of each of the seven lenses included in the optical scheme of the objective. Criteria for sorting options are substantiated, a macro for processing a file with the results of measurements of actual lens thicknesses, which forms an assembly card, is created. The macro was tested on a test file with a normal distribution of deviations from the nominal value of a batch of one hundred lenses.
Control system for glucose level regulation in peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Zhilo N M , Litinskaia E L , Bazaev N A
Published: December 2021

Kidney failure leads to the serious health issues associated with abnormal water-salt balance. In this case, peritoneal dialysis therapy is often prescribed: 1-2 liters of dialysis solution is administered in peritoneal cavity for 3-4 hours. During this time, due to diffusion and osmosis, toxins and excess water are transferred from blood to solution. One of the method’s downsides is the transition of glucose (osmotic agent) into the bloodstream, which leads to a gradual decrease in the fluid removal rate. To mitigate this problem, one must use the system, which will measure current glucose concentration and inject glucose into solution to compensate absorption. The paper proposes such a control system for automatic regulation of the glucose concentration in peritoneal dialysate solution. Its structure, elements, their functions and characteristics are discussed. Proposed system is capable to work autonomously or can be incorporated into wearable “artificial kidney” device.
Computational fluid dynamics simulation of hemolysis at different levels of circulatory support in the left ventricular assist device Sputnik
Authors: Romanova A , Telyshev D
Published: December 2021

Designing a ventricular assist device is a complex technological process, and testing a finished product requires a significant investment of money and time. Simulation allows research to conduct research early in the development of a device, thereby reducing time and material costs. In this work, the calculation of hemolysis in the left ventricular assist device Sputnik (Sputnik LVAD) is carried out. Three different levels of circulatory support were chosen. For the first level, the following parameters were selected: blood flow rate of 2 L/min. at a rotor speed of 8000 rpm; for the second - 4 L/min, 8500 rpm; for the third - 6 L/min, 9000 rpm. The distribution of scalar shear stresses and the index of hemolysis were obtained from the pathlines of the particles. When comparing three operating points of LVAD Sputnik, hemolysis indices were obtained using the Lagrangian model. The mean hemolysis indeces were 0.0284%, 0.0210%, 0.0155% for LVAD Sputnik operating at a fixed rate of 2, 4, 6 L/min at a pressure of 100 mm Hg, respectively. The calculation results show that the capacity of 6 L/min is better than 2 and 4 L/min.
Study of bioactive molecular systems by gas-phase electron diffraction: examples, limitations and possibilities
Authors: Altova E P , Rykov A N , Shishkov I F
Published: December 2021

The paper is aimed to the development of structural chemistry of biomolecules, which play essential role for living systems. The structures of biogenic amine, adrenaline, was determined using gas phase electron diffraction (GED) technique in comparison with tryptamine and noradrenaline investigation. Possibilities of method and its limitations are shown in application to bioactive molecular systems. The investigations of the molecules in gas phase allows us to find and describe details of their structures, molecular dynamic which leads to the behavior of the substances in the various processes.
A method for presenting biomedical images based on a model of receptive fields of human visual perception
Authors: Antsiperov V E , Kershner V A
Published: December 2021

The paper is devoted to the development of a new method for presenting biomedical images based on local characteristics of the intensity of their shape. The proposed method of image processing is focused on images that have low indicators of the intensity of the recorded radiation, resolution, contrast and signal-to-noise ratio. The method is based on the principles of machine (Bayesian) learning and on samples of random photo reports. This paper presents the results of the method and its connection with modern approaches in the field of image processing.
High-capacity strictly non-blocking optical switches based on new dual principle
Authors: Barabanova E A , Vytovtov K A , Vishnevsky V M , Podlazov V S
Published: December 2021

In this paper the new dual principle of designing high-capacity strictly non-blocking optical switches is presented for the first time. The new type of switches with decentralized control based on the dual principle has been developed for the first time too. In accordance with the scheme topology this type of switching system was called as the quasi-complete dual switch. It also is analysed the optical signals minimal transmission time that provide the non-blocking property of the new schemes. For the circuit and link complexity calculations the accurate analytical expressions are obtained for the first time. The numerical investigation shows that the proposed schemes significantly benefit in comparison with the well-known switches, for example, the crossbar and Clos schemes. The results of comparing of the dual switch and other types of self-routing switches throughput show an obvious advantage of the proposed scheme. It also is shown that the offered switch type can be considered as a perspective for high-capacity strictly non-blocking optical systems. Indeed, the strictly non-blocking property, the scalability, high throughput, and the decentralized control are the main advantages of offered switches.
Measuring the Continuity of a Gas-Liquid Flow in a Pipeline
Authors: Akhobadze G N
Published: December 2021

The principles of building a meter for the continuity of gas-liquid flows in pipelines have been proposed, based on the polarized electromagnetic wave characteristics. A two-component flow in a pipeline has been analyzed considering the cross-sectional area of the flow in the pipeline. The judgment about the flow continuity by the phase difference between the electromagnetic fields polarized parallel and perpendicular to the wave propagation direction has been justified. The naturally and artificially anisotropic flow continuity measuring study results are given. A polarization technique of electromagnetic wave birefringence in the isotropic medium has been considered, based on placing an isotropic medium in an electric field formed by two capacitor electrodes. The possibility of eliminating the parameter measuring errors induced by temperature impact on the electromagnetic wave refractive index in controlled media is shown based on two electrodes of a capacitor creating an electric field in the dielectric pipeline measuring section as an option for implementing flat reflectors of an open resonator. The study results can be used in the instrument-making industry in the development and implementation of smart contactless measuring instruments in the gas-liquid flow analysis and control.
Application of the digital image correlation method for diagnosing the condition of railway parts
Authors: Sharikova M O , Yu Poroykov A , Yu Marchenkov A
Published: December 2021

One of the main factors contributing to accidents in railway transport are fatigue fractures of rails, wheel axles and other critical parts of the rolling stock. Despite the widespread use of various physical control methods (eddy current, ultrasonic, magnetic), the causes of accidents are, as a rule, missing defects in the structural elements of the car bogie. The paper considers the application of the digital image correlation method to measure the spatial distribution of deformations. The results of laboratory tests of railway parts using this method are presented. The possibility of visualizing fatigue cracks in the test specimens is demonstrated. The results can be in demand both by scientific research organizations of the railway industry when solving expert problems, and by production and repair enterprises when carrying out regular diagnostic procedures.
Increase of the Informative Value of Magnetic Nondestructive Testing Using Vibration Induction Transducer on the Basis of Spectral Analysis
Authors: Nikolaev Yu L , Shkatov P N , Chernova A V , Akhmetshina E F , Samorukov A A
Published: December 2021

The ways of increasing the information content of magnetic flaw detection based on spectral analysis when registering magnetic fluxes of leakage from defects by a vibration induction probe (VIP) are considered. It is shown that the VIP signals, caused by the normal and tangential components of the strength of the magnetic scattering fluxes, are linearly independent, and the corresponding harmonic components of the spectra of these signals are weakly dependent on the noise component and carry information about the coordinates and parameters of the defect.
Crystallization Double-Layer Magneto-Active Films for Magnetophotonics
Authors: Mikhailova T V , Vysokikh Yu E , Shaposhnikov A N , Berzhansky V N , Krasnoborodko S Yu , Bulatov M F , Churikov D V , Karavainikov A , Belotelov V I
Published: December 2021

Magneto-optics, magnetophotonics and magnetoplasmonics stay at the edge of scientific interests last years due to their unique features to manage the light and electromagnet field. Bi-substituted iron garnet (Bi:IG) is one of most promising magneto-optical material for these applications in order to its high efficiency in visible and infrared spectra. The possibility to integrate Bi:IG films to silicon semiconductor process leads to creation nanoscale hight performance magneto-optical devices. Bi:IG structures of different composition might be deposited by vacuum deposition on different substrates. The investigation of crystallization process of Bi:IG double-layer films at a different process parameter on gadolinium gallium garnet and fused quartz substrates allowing to determine dependences and suggestions for integration Bi:IG to semiconductor process or multicomponent optical nanostructures.
Dynamic strain measurement of propeller shaft vibrations
Authors: Kushner G A
Published: December 2021

The paper proposes an approach to the registration of vibrations parameters to increase the reliability and predict the durability of technical systems with a continuously rotating shaft. For systems with stochastic loads, such as a ship’s shaft line, the actual measurement of shaft stresses and deformations is an actual way to prevent failures and non-destructive testing under operating conditions. The adaptation of the dynamic strain measurement method made it possible to develop a software and hardware complex for recording and analysing transverse, torsional and longitudinal vibrations of shafts. The design of a hardware complex consisting of a measuring mobile and stator modules connected by a wireless network that allows dynamic strain measurement is proposed. The connection diagram and the main metrological and technical characteristics of the modules are given. To test the operability of the hardware complex, an experimental installation was built that allows carrying out investigation of the shaft line vibrations in real operation conditions. Experimental data are presented, the analysis of which allows us to predict the durability of the system.
Advantages of graphene technologies in the design of antenna systems for the Internet of Things in the decimeter range of cellular operators (LTE, GSM, 5G)
Authors: Cherevko A G , Morgachev Y V
Published: December 2021

The characteristics and resistance to external influences of flexible graphene antennas are considered. In particular, the analysis of the influence of single and cyclic bends at different cycle times is carried out. Resistance to water of such antennas is analysed. The results of characteristics comparison of the literature data with the results obtained by the authors are presented. The design of a flexible graphene eco-friendly two-layer antenna on a paper substrate operating in the LTE frequency range has been proposed. The technology discussed in this report will help fill the gap in the literature in eco-friendly double-sided graphene printing technologies. The literature review shows that the development of graphene inks for printing on flexible substrates has made a breakthrough in the development of flexible electronics due to their unique advantages. The influence of edge effects on the change in the graphene surface resistance at the edges of the manufactured sample is estimated.
Selection of window functions for predicting the frequency pattern of vibrations of the technological process using an artificial neural network
Authors: Trufanov N N , Churikov D V , Kravchenko O V
Published: December 2021

The frequency pattern of the process is investigated by analyzing spectrograms constructed using the window Fourier transform. A set of window functions consists of a rectangular, membership, and windows based on atomic functions. The fulfillment of the condition for improving the time localization and energy concentration in the central part of the window allows one to select a window function. The resulting spectrograms are fed to the input of an artificial neural network to obtain a forecast. Varying the shape of the window functions allows us to analyze the proposed spectrogram prediction model.
Numerical simulation of a multi-beam cylindrical antenna in the GSM-900 frequency range
Authors: Balzovsky E V , Buyanov Yu I , Churikova T I
Published: December 2021

The results of numerical simulation of a linearly polarized cylindrical multi-beam antenna with six ports are presented. The frequency dependence of the port coupling coefficient is considered when one antenna port is excited. The characteristics of the antenna directivity in the frequency domain are given.
Investigation of the peculiarities of lattice structures forming in films magnetic fluid for various intensities of the orienting magnetic field
Authors: Yurchenko V , Zyatkov D , Cherepanov V
Published: December 2021

The processes of ordering and structuring of particles in a magnetic fluid (MF) arise in three cases: interactions of magnetic particles, internal forces of liquid and an external magnetic field of constant or variable magnitude. Processes of magnetic particles ordering in a magnetic fluid by interaction an external field are considered, and threshold of occurrence of a periodic lattice from particles with different size is established.