bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le pouvoir de la faiblesse. L’éthos mystique de Jeanne Guyon à la lumière de sa
correspondance1
Authors: Felter Vaucanson Bastian
Published: September 2024

Dans cet article j’interroge l’écriture épistolaire de la mystique Jeanne Guyon
(1648-1717) à partir de la théorie du discours de Dominique Maingueneau, notamment les
notions de « l’éthos incarné » et de « la scène d’énonciation ». Renvoyant aux travaux de
Michel de Certeau sur le discours mystique et à ceux des women’s studies sur la
rhétorique féminine de la spiritualité, l’article inscrit la théorie de Maingueneau dans le
référentiel théologique du xviie siècle,
permettant une analyse qui fait ressortir la performativité paradoxale de la présentation de
soi de Mme Guyon. Je soutiens que Mme Guyon devrait être considérée
comme l’une des grandes rhétoriciennes de son époque, à l’instar de Thérèse d’Avila, car
elle se présente avec grande habileté comme une défenderesse de l’éthos mystique en activant
le topos chrétien de la faiblesse – mais faiblesse qui, conformément au sens paulinien (1
co. 1 25-27), est en réalité un pouvoir d’agir. Admettant ouvertement que l’efficacité
spirituelle de son énonciation repose entièrement sur le bon vouloir du lecteur,
Mme Guyon institue une autorité foncièrement dépossédée, qui ne semble pouvoir
exister qu’en désignant ce qu’elle n’est pas. Or, c’est cette concession qui fonde la force
de persuasion du discours : énonciateur et co-énonciateur donnent un corps social à l’esprit
de faiblesse présupposé par le discours. La prétendue ignorance de Mme Guyon est,
en d’autres termes, un acte performatif par lequel elle gagne en agentivité.
Le « rabutinage » : enjeux rhétoriques et genrés d’une écriture familiale
Authors: Garel Julie
Published: September 2024

Comment Sévigné parvient-elle à faire sa place et à s’opposer au discours galant de son cousin Bussy-Rabutin, qui multiplie les incitations et sollicitations libertines ? Comment prend-elle place dans un agôn, substitut du point d’honneur – code aristocratique dont les femmes sont pourtant traditionnellement exclues – pour répondre au double défi masculin, politico-familial et rhétorique ? C’est d’abord en s’aménageant un éthos d’Amazone, figure d’un contre-pouvoir féminin, politique et familial. C’est aussi en s’appropriant des modèles héroïques par lesquels elle s’autorise à polémiquer avec son cousin, après l’affaire du portrait. Elle démontre ainsi sa valeur et ses compétences rhétoriques. Vers la fin de la correspondance, l’intrusion du féminin dans l’univers masculin du combat la conduit à s’interroger sur la faiblesse féminine dont elle feint de s’accuser : « Mais si j’avais été un homme, aurais-je fait cette honte à une maison où il semble que la valeur et la hardiesse soient héréditaires ? » (Lettre du 23 octobre 1683) Si ce jeu soulève la question de l’égalité des forces, il permet en réalité d’affirmer stratégiquement l’égalité des talents, le duel épistolaire ne pouvant se faire en effet qu’à armes égales.
Serotonin modulates infraslow oscillation in the dentate gyrus during Non-REM sleep
Authors: Turi Gergely F , Teng Sasa , Chen Xinyue , Lim Emily CY , Dias Carla , Hu Ruining , Wang Ruizhi , Zhen Fenghua , Peng Yueqing
Published: September 2024

Synchronous neuronal activity is organized into neuronal oscillations with various frequency and time domains across different brain areas and brain states. For example, hippocampal theta, gamma and sharp wave oscillations are critical for memory formation and communication between hippocampal subareas and the cortex. In this study, we investigated the neuronal activity of the dentate gyrus (DG) with electrophysiological and optical imaging tools during sleep-wake cycles. We found that the activity of major glutamatergic cell populations in the DG is organized into infraslow oscillations (0.01 – 0.03 Hz) during NREM sleep. Although the DG is considered a sparsely active network during wakefulness, we found that 50% of granule cells and about 25% of mossy cells exhibit increased activity during NREM sleep. Further experiments revealed that the infraslow oscillation in the DG is modulated by rhythmic serotonin release during sleep, which oscillates at the same frequency but in an opposite phase. Genetic manipulation of 5-HT receptors revealed that this neuromodulatory regulation is mediated by 5-HT1a receptors and the knockdown of these receptors leads to memory impairment. Together, our results provide novel mechanistic insights into how the 5-HT system can influence hippocampal activity patterns during sleep.
Normative evidence weighting and accumulation in correlated environments
Authors: Tardiff Nathan , Kang Jiwon , Gold Joshua I
Published: September 2024

The brain forms certain deliberative decisions following normative principles related to how sensory observations are weighed and accumulated over time. Previously we showed that these principles can account for how people adapt their decisions to the temporal dynamics of the observations (Glaze et al., 2015). Here we show that this adaptability extends to accounting for correlations in the observations, which can have a dramatic impact on the weight of evidence provided by those observations. We tested online human participants on a novel visual-discrimination task with pairwise-correlated observations. With minimal training, the participants adapted to uncued, trial-by-trial changes in the correlations and produced decisions based on an approximately normative weighting and accumulation of evidence. The results highlight the robustness of our brain’s ability to process sensory observations with respect to not just their physical features but also the weight of evidence they provide for a given decision.
Integration of sensory and fear memories in the rat medial temporal lobe: advancing research by Wong et al. (2019)
Authors: Wong Francesca S , Thomas Alina B , Killcross Simon , Laurent Vincent , Westbrook R Frederick , Holmes Nathan M
Published: September 2024

Wong et al. (2019) used a sensory preconditioning protocol to examine how sensory and fear memories are integrated in the rat medial temporal lobe. In this protocol, rats integrate a sound-light (sensory) memory that forms in stage 1 with a light-shock (fear) memory that forms in stage 2 to generate fear responses (freezing) across test presentations of the sound in stage 3. Here, we advance this research by showing that: 1) how/when rats integrate the sound-light and light-shock memories (online in stage 2 or at test in stage 3) changes with the number of sound-light pairings in stage 1; and 2) regardless of how/when it occurs, the integration requires communication between two regions of the medial temporal lobe: the perirhinal cortex and basolateral amygdala complex. Thus, “event familiarity” determines how/when sensory and fear memories are integrated but not the circuitry by which the integration occurs: this remains the same.
LncRNA Snhg3 Aggravates Hepatic Steatosis via PPARγ Signaling
Authors: Xie Xianghong , Gao Mingyue , Zhao Wei , Li Chunmei , Zhang Weihong , Yang Jiahui , Zhang Yinliang , Chen Enhui , Guo Yanfang , Guo Zeyu , Zhang Minglong , Ngowi Ebenezeri Erasto , Wang Heping , Wang Xiaoman , Zhu Yinghan , Wang Yiting , Li Xiaolu , Yao Hong , Yan Li , Fang Fude , Li Meixia , Qiao Aijun , Liu Xiaojun
Published: September 2024

LncRNAs are involved in modulating the individual risk and the severity of progression in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), but their precise roles remain largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of lncRNA
Snhg3
in the development and progression of MASLD, along with the underlying mechanisms.
In vitro
and
in vivo
experiments revealed that
Snhg3
is involved in lipid metabolism and steatosis. The result showed that
Snhg3
was significantly downregulated in the liver of high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice. Notably, palmitic acid promoted the expression of
Snhg3
and overexpression of
Snhg3
increased lipid accumulation in primary hepatocytes. Furthermore, hepatocyte-specific
Snhg3
deficiency decreased body and liver weight, alleviated hepatic steatosis and promoted hepatic fatty acid metabolism in DIO mice, whereas overexpression induced the opposite effect. Mechanistically,
Snhg3
promoted the expression, stability and nuclear localization of SND1 protein via interacting with SND1, thereby inducing K63-linked ubiquitination modification of SND1. Moreover,
Snhg3
decreased the H3K27me3 level and induced SND1-mediated chromatin loose remodeling, thus reducing H3K27me3 enrichment at the
Ppar
γ promoter and enhancing
Ppar
γ expression. The administration of PPARγ inhibitor T0070907 improved
Snhg3
-aggravated hepatic steatosis. Our study revealed a new signaling pathway,
Snhg3
/SND1/H3K27me3/PPARγ, responsible for MASLD and indicates that lncRNA-mediated epigenetic modification has a crucial role in the pathology of MASLD.
Med et nøkternt forhold til natur. Omtanke i naturkrisenes tid
Authors: Granås Brynhild
Published: September 2024

Plikten til å bruke allemannsretten «hensynsfullt og med tilbørlig varsomhet», omhandler også planter og dyr. Når denne artikkelen utforsker spørsmålet om hvordan vi egentlig bryr oss om natur i nord, er hverdagslivet utgangspunktet. Verdier folk tillegger flora og fauna, forteller om en omtanke som følger av et nært, men uromantisk forhold til natur. Det betyr likevel ikke at livet i den nordlige naturen er uten sine «magiske» øyeblikk.
Farmers' Insights on the Migration from Rural to Urban Areas in Bangladesh
Authors: Khanam Monira , Pervez A K M Kanak , Rahman Md Mostafizur
Published: September 2024

This research uses a qualitative methodology to investigate the complex dynamics of rural-urban migration among Bangladeshi farmers via in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The main objectives are to determine the main causes of migration, comprehend the difficulties farmers have when migrating, and evaluate the effects of migration on their communities and means of subsistence. According to the research, three main factors influence migration: social goals, environmental concerns, and economic incentives. Numerous obstacles, such as unstable work, skill gaps, excessive living expenses, and subpar housing, negatively impact the well-being of migrant farmers. Notwithstanding these obstacles, migration offers chances for greater access to services, skill development, and economic progress. The results underline the need for all-encompassing policy interventions, stressing the significance of job assistance, training programs, and sustainable rural development projects to help migrant farmers. To improve the resilience and well-being of migrant farmers and their communities, this study offers policymakers practical suggestions for creating more inclusive and prosperous migration policies.
Preparation of Geo-spatial Soil Fertility Map of KVK Farm, Gariyaband, Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Jayprakash  , Jatav Gourav Kumar , Sahu Jitendra Kumar , Chandel Yogendra , Choudhari Biplab
Published: September 2024

The present study was carried out during the year, 2023-24 at KVK farm Gariyaband, Chhattisgarh with the objectives to study the soil available macro and micro nutrients status of KVK farm Gariyaband. GPS based surface soil samples (0-15) at random sampling of studied area in each plot with the goal to create a GPS-based soil fertility map. The soil samples were analysed by standard procedures with respect to pH, EC, OC, macronutrients (N, P, K, S) and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, and B). The pH of soils of research farm varied from 6.02-7.13 with a mean of 6.45. It indicates that the pH of the soil is in the slightly acidic to neutral range. The electrical conductivity of the soil ranged from 0.10-0.25 dSm-1 with a mean of 0.14 dSm-1. This depicts that all of the samples were in fair range (<1.0 dSm-1) with no harmful effect of soil salinity. The organic carbon ranged from 0.24-0.66 %, with mean value 0.43 %. The available nitrogen ranged from 150.44-188.16 kg ha-1, with a mean of 170.95 kg ha-1. The available phosphorus varied from 13.38-31.63 kg ha-1 with mean of 22.60 kg ha-1. The available potassium varied from 335.10-440.72 kg ha-1, with mean of 389.94 kg ha-1. The available sulfur ranged from 22.5-53.48 kg ha-1, with mean value of 35.55 kg ha-1. Among micronutrients, the available iron, manganese, zinc, copper and boron varied from 8.84-35.90 mg kg-1 (mean 20.39 mg kg-1), 6.20-27.74 mg kg-1 (mean 17.79 mg kg-1), 0.60-1.44 mg kg-1 (mean 0.86 mg kg-1), 1.04-2.74 mg kg-1 (mean 1.85 mg kg-1), and 0.52-0.98 mg kg-1 (mean 0.71 mg kg-1), respectively. All the samples were found under sufficient fertility classes for micronutrients.
Real time 3‐D electron density reconstruction over Europe by using TaD profiler
Authors: Kutiev I. , Marinov P. , Belehaki A.
Published: July 2016

The TaD (Topside Sounder Model (TSM)‐assisted Digisonde) profiler, developed on the basis of the Topside Sounder Model (TSM), provides vertical electron density profiles (EDP) over Digisondes from the bottomside ionosphere up to Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) orbit heights. TaD EDP uses the Digisonde bottomside profile and extends it above the F2 layer peak, representing O+ distribution by α‐Chapman formula and H+ distribution by a single exponent. Topside scale height HT and transition height hT are taken from TSM, while the plasmasphere scale height Hp is defined as a function of HT. All profile parameters are adjusted to the current conditions comparing the profile integral with the GNSS vertical total electron content (TEC) retrieved from the European Reference Frame (EUREF) maps. To expand to three dimensions (3‐D), European maps of foF2 and hmF2 are produced, based on Digisonde data, with spatial resolution 1°×1° in latitude and longitude, and TaD profiles are calculated at each grid node. Electron density (ED) at any point of the 3‐D space is obtained by linear interpolation of TaD parameters between neighbor nodes. Samples of two dimensional (2‐D) electron density distribution (EDD) at different cross sections of the 3‐D space between 200 km and 1150 km over the mapping area are presented, along with distributions of the electron density along various raypaths of GNSS signals. The modeled 3‐D EDD is compared with vertical (vTEC) and slant (sTEC) TEC parameters calculated from individual GNSS receivers. The model error (relative deviation of model from the data), based on 6780 data values, is 10% for sTEC and 6% for vTEC.
Earlier snowmelt reduces atmospheric carbon uptake in midlatitude subalpine forests
Authors: Winchell Taylor S. , Barnard David M. , Monson Russell K. , Burns Sean P. , Molotch Noah P.
Published: July 2016

Previous work demonstrates conflicting evidence regarding the influence of snowmelt timing on forest net ecosystem exchange (NEE). Based on 15 years of eddy covariance measurements in Colorado, years with earlier snowmelt exhibited less net carbon uptake during the snow ablation period, which is a period of high potential for productivity. Earlier snowmelt aligned with colder periods of the seasonal air temperature cycle relative to later snowmelt. We found that the colder ablation‐period air temperatures during these early snowmelt years lead to reduced rates of daily NEE. Hence, earlier snowmelt associated with climate warming, counterintuitively, leads to colder atmospheric temperatures during the snow ablation period and concomitantly reduced rates of net carbon uptake. Using a multilinear‐regression (R2 = 0.79, P < 0.001) relating snow ablation period mean air temperature and peak snow water equivalent (SWE) to ablation‐period NEE, we predict that earlier snowmelt and decreased SWE may cause a 45% reduction in midcentury ablation‐period net carbon uptake.
Interbasin effects of the Indian Ocean on Pacific decadal climate change
Authors: Mochizuki Takashi , Kimoto Masahide , Watanabe Masahiro , Chikamoto Yoshimitsu , Ishii Masayoshi
Published: July 2016

We demonstrate the significant impact of the Indian Ocean on the Pacific climate on decadal timescales by comparing two sets of data assimilation experiments (pacemaker experiments) conducted over recent decades. For the Indian Ocean of an atmosphere‐ocean coupled global climate model, we assimilate ocean temperature and salinity anomalies defined as deviations from climatology or as anomalies with the area‐averaged changes for the Indian Ocean subtracted. When decadal sea surface temperature (SST) trends are observed to be strong over the Indian Ocean, the equatorial thermocline uniformly deepens, and the model simulates the eastward tendencies of surface wind aloft. Surface winds strongly converge around the maritime continent, and the associated strengthening of the Walker circulation suppresses an increasing trend in the equatorial Pacific SST through ocean thermocline shoaling, similar to common changes associated with seasonal Indian Ocean warming.
The association of hydrogen with sulfur on Mars across latitudes, longitudes, and compositional extremes
Authors: Karunatillake Suniti , Wray James J. , Gasnault Olivier , McLennan Scott M. , Deanne Rogers A. , Squyres Steven W. , Boynton William V. , Skok J. R. , Button Nicole E. , Ojha Lujendra
Published: July 2016

Midlatitudinal hydrated sulfates on Mars may influence brine pH, atmospheric humidity, and collectively water activity. These factors affect the habitability of the planetary subsurface and the preservation of relict biomolecules. Regolith at grain sizes smaller than gravel, constituting the bulk of the Martian subsurface at regional scales, may be a primary repository of chemical alteration, mechanical alteration, and biosignatures. The Mars Odyssey Gamma Ray Spectrometer with hundreds of kilometers of lateral resolution and compositional sensitivity to decimeter depth provides unique insight into this component of the regolith, which we call soil. Advancing the globally compelling association between H2O and S established by our previous work, we characterize latitudinal variations in the association between H and S, as well as in the hydration state of soil. Represented by H2O:S molar ratios, the hydration state of candidate sulfates increases with latitude in the northern hemisphere. In contrast, hydration states generally decrease with latitude in the south. Furthermore, we observe that H2O concentration may affect the degree of sulfate hydration more than S concentration. Limited H2O availability in soil‐atmosphere exchange and in subsurface recharge could explain such control exerted by H2O on salt hydration. Differences in soil thickness, ground ice table depths, atmospheric circulation, and insolation may contribute to hemispheric differences in the progression of hydration with latitude. Our observations support chemical association of H2O with S in the southern hemisphere as suggested by Karunatillake et al. (2014), including the possibility of Fe sulfates as a key mineral group.
Mechanical, Thermal, and Microscopic Profile of Novel Glass Fiber‐Reinforced Polyester Composites as a Function of Barium Sulfate Loading
Authors: Anjum Farheen , Gull Nafisa , Khan Shahzad M. , Munawar Muhammad A. , Islam Atif , Niazi Sajid I. , Zia Saba , Shafiq Muhammad , Butt Muhammad T. Z. , Jamil Tahir
Published: July 2016

The objective of this work was to fabricate laminated glass fiber‐reinforced polyester composites using different loadings of barium sulfate (BaSO4) to enhance their mechanical and thermal properties. Dispersion of BaSO4 in unsaturated polyester resin was prepared before impregnating it on glass fibers. These laminated composites were then subjected to analyze different mechanical and thermal properties. Mechanical properties of the composites were observed to be increased by increasing the BaSO4 loading up to 4 wt.%, beyond this a decreasing trend was observed. Flexural strength and flexural modulus of BaSO4‐infused glass fiber‐reinforced polyester composites increased up to 70.9% and 67.9% at 4 wt.% of BaSO4, respectively. Tensile strength (77 MPa) and tensile modulus (2023.4 MPa) of these composites were also augmented up to 4 wt.% of BaSO4, after that concentration these properties were also observed to be decreased. Impact strength and hardness of these composites have also been improved significantly in the same trend as compared to the control sample. Thermal stability as a function of temperature was also enhanced by increasing the BaSO4 concentration up to 4 wt.% after which thermal stability decreased. Fractography of these composites was evaluated by optical microscopy. Hence, BaSO4 in optimum concentration was proved a striking filler for the improvement of mechanical and thermal properties of glass fiber‐reinforced polyester composites for high strength and high temperature applications.
Enhancement of Dielectric Properties in Epitaxial Bismuth Ferrite–Bismuth Samarium Ferrite Superlattices
Authors: Maran Ronald , Yasui Shintaro , Eliseev Eugene , Morozovska Anna , Funakubo Hiroshi , Takeuchi Ichiro , Valanoor Nagarajan
Published: July 2016

Artificially layered bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3)/bismuth samarium ferrite (Bi1–x
Smx)FeO3 superlattices (SLs) are investigated for their dielectric properties. In short‐period (5–10 nm) SLs, the stabilization of an incommensurately modulated nanoscale mixture due to a strong interlayer coupling mechanism results in a large dielectric permittivity (ε
33 ≈ 170 at 1 MHz), reduced loss tangent, and increased tunability (τ ≈ 37%) for a samarium concentration range much larger than that for single‐layer (Bi1–x
Smx)FeO3 thin‐films. The enhanced dielectric tunability is observed across a large frequency and temperature range. Increasing the thickness of the SL layers reduces the strength of the interlayer coupling, which results in reductions in dielectric permittivity (ε
33 ≈ 150), increases in dielectric loss tangent and decreased tunability (τ ≈ 14%). A phenomenological model confirms that the enhanced dielectric properties, tunability and stabilization of the polar phase to higher Sm3+ concentrations over a wide range of temperatures and frequencies in the short period SLs is due to electrostatic coupling. Thus, the epitaxial short‐period SLs have significant potential as a highly tunable lead (Pb)‐free materials system in low‐to‐medium frequency applications. Electrostatic coupling effect between polar/non‐polar layers in SL structures could thus be a universal method to achieve enhanced dielectric properties.
Mandibular dysostosis without microphthalmia caused by OTX2 deletion
Authors: Latypova Xénia , Bordereau Sylvain , Bleriot Alice , Pichon Olivier , Poulain Damien , Briand Annaïg , Le Caignec Cédric , Isidor Bertrand
Published: July 2016

Mutations in OTX2 are mostly identified in patients with anophthalmia/microphthalmia with variable severity. The OTX2 homeobox gene plays a crucial role in craniofacial morphogenesis during early embryo development. We report for the first time a patient with a mandibular dysostosis caused by a 120 kb deletion including the entire coding sequence of OTX2, identified by array CGH. No ocular malformations were identified after extended ophthalmologic examination. Our data refine the clinical spectrum associated with OTX2 mutations and suggests that OTX2 haploinsufficiency should be considered as a possible cause for isolated mandibular dysostosis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Decarboxylative Coupling Reactions for the Synthesis of Propargyl Alcohols
Authors: Irudayanathan Francis Mariaraj , Kim Jimin , Song Kwang Ho , Lee Sunwoo
Published: July 2016

Propargyl alcohols have been directly synthesized by decarboxylative coupling reactions with an alkynyl carboxylic acid and an aldehyde/ketone in the absence of a transition‐metal catalyst. When the decarboxylative coupling reaction was conducted with Cs2CO3 in DMSO, the desired propargyl alcohols were formed in good yield. In addition, the reactions with 2,2,2‐trifluoroacetophenone and aryl alkynyl carboxylic acids gave trifluoromethylated propargyl alcohols.
Na3SbS4: A Solution Processable Sodium Superionic Conductor for All‐Solid‐State Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Banerjee Abhik , Park Kern Ho , Heo Jongwook W. , Nam Young Jin , Moon Chang Ki , Oh Seung M. , Hong Seung‐Tae , Jung Yoon Seok
Published: July 2016

All‐solid‐state sodium‐ion batteries that operate at room temperature are attractive candidates for use in large‐scale energy storage systems. However, materials innovation in solid electrolytes is imperative to fulfill multiple requirements, including high conductivity, functional synthesis protocols for achieving intimate ionic contact with active materials, and air stability. A new, highly conductive (1.1 mS cm−1 at 25 °C, Ea=0.20 eV) and dry air stable sodium superionic conductor, tetragonal Na3SbS4, is described. Importantly, Na3SbS4 can be prepared by scalable solution processes using methanol or water, and it exhibits high conductivities of 0.1–0.3 mS cm−1. The solution‐processed, highly conductive solidified Na3SbS4 electrolyte coated on an active material (NaCrO2) demonstrates dramatically improved electrochemical performance in all‐solid‐state batteries.
Activation of Platinum(IV) Prodrugs By Motexafin Gadolinium as a Redox Mediator
Authors: Thiabaud Gregory , McCall Rebecca , He Guangan , Arambula Jonathan F. , Siddik Zahid H. , Sessler Jonathan L.
Published: July 2016

Water‐soluble platinum(IV) prodrugs, which proved kinetically stable to reduction in the presence of physiological concentration of ascorbate, were quickly reduced to their active form, oxaliplatin, when co‐incubated with a macrocycle metallotexaphyrin (i.e., Motexafin Gadolinium (MGd)). The reduction of PtIV to PtII promoted by MGd occurs in cell culture as well, leading to an increase in the antiproliferative activity of the PtIV species in question. The mediated effect is proportional to the concentration of MGd and gives rise to an enhancement when the prodrug is relatively hydrophilic. MGd is known to localize/accumulate preferentially in tumor tissues. Thus, the present “activation by reduction” approach may allow for the cancer‐selective enhancement in the cytotoxicity of PtIV prodrugs.
Biosynthesis of palladium nanoparticles as a heterogeneous and reusable nanocatalyst for reduction of nitroarenes and Suzuki coupling reactions
Authors: Veisi Hojat , Nasrabadi Nesa Hajimoradian , Mohammadi Pourya
Published: July 2016

A facile and green route for the synthesis of palladium nanoparticles (Pd‐NPs) was developed utilizing non‐toxic and renewable natural green tea extract as the reducing, stabilizing and capping agent. The as‐prepared Pd‐NPs@Oak Gum catalyst was characterized using UV–visible spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The Pd‐NPs@Oak Gum catalyst could be used as an efficient and heterogeneous catalyst for Suzuki coupling reactions between phenylboronic acid and a range of aryl halides containing iodo, bromo and chloro moieties and also for the reduction of nitroarenes using sodium borohydride in an environmental friendly medium. Excellent yields of products were obtained with a wide range of substrates and the catalyst was recycled multiple times without any significant loss of its catalytic activity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chiral Sensing of Various Amino Acids Using Induced Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Europium(III) Complexes of Phenanthroline Dicarboxylic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Uchida Taka‐aki , Nozaki Koichi , Iwamura Munetaka
Published: July 2016

Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) was observed from [Eu(dppda)2]− (dppda=4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline‐2,9‐dicarboxylic acid) and [Eu(pzpda)2]− (pzpda=pyrazino[2,3‐f][1,10]phenanthroline‐7,10‐dicarboxylic acid) in aqueous solutions containing various amino acids. The selectivity of these complexes towards amino acids enabled them to be used as chiral sensors and their behavior was compared with that of [Eu(pda)2]− (pda=1,10‐phenanthroline‐2,9‐dicarboxylic acid). As these EuIII complexes have achiral D2d structures under ordinary conditions, there were no CPL signals in the emission assigned to f–f transitions. However, when the solutions contained particular amino acids they exhibited detectable CPL signals with glum values of about 0.1 (glum=CPL/2 TL; TL=total luminescence). On examining 13 amino acids with these three EuIII complexes, it was found that whether an amino acid induced a detectable CPL depended on the EuIII complex ligands. For example, when ornithine was used as a chiral agent, only [Eu(dppda)2]− exhibited intense CPL in aqueous solutions of 10−2 mol dm−3. Steep amino acid concentration dependence suggested that CPL in [Eu(dppda)2]− and [Eu(pzpda)2]− was induced by the association of four or more amino acid molecules, whereas CPL in [Eu(pda)2]− was induced by association of two arginine molecules.
Five‐year follow‐up of polymer‐free sirolimus‐ and probucol‐eluting stents versus new generation zotarolimus‐eluting stents in patients presenting with st‐elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Colleran Roisin , Kufner Sebastian , Harada Yukinori , Giacoppo Daniele , Cassese Salvatore , Repp Janika , Wiebe Jens , Lohaus Raphaela , Lahmann Annalena , Schneider Simon , Ibrahim Tareq , Laugwitz Karl‐Ludwig , Kastrati Adnan , Byrne Robert A. ,   for the Intracoronary Stenting and Angiographic Results: Test Efficacy of Sirolimus‐ and Probucol‐Eluting Versus Zotarolimus‐Eluting Stents (ISAR‐TEST 5) Investigators
Published: July 2016

Background

Patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing drug‐eluting stent (DES) implantation are at increased risk of late adverse events, partly explained by an exaggerated inflammatory reaction to durable‐polymer stent coatings.

Objectives

We sought to investigate whether implantation of polymer‐free DES would reduce this risk.

Methods

In the ISAR‐TEST 5 (the Intracoronary Stenting and Angiographic Results: Test Efficacy of Sirolimus‐ and Probucol‐ and Zotarolimus‐Eluting Stents) trial, patients were randomly allocated to receive a polymer‐free sirolimus‐ and probucol‐eluting stent or a new generation durable‐polymer zotarolimus‐eluting stent. We analyzed late clinical outcomes in the subgroup of patients presenting with STEMI. The primary endpoint was the combined incidence of cardiac death, target vessel‐related myocardial infarction or target lesion revascularization at 5 years.

Results

311 patients with STEMI were randomized to receive sirolimus‐ and probucol‐eluting stents (n = 215) or zotarolimus‐eluting stents (n = 96). At 5 years, there was no difference in the incidence of the primary endpoint in patients treated with sirolimus‐ and probucol‐eluting stents versus zotarolimus‐eluting stents (18.3% versus 20.1% respectively, hazard ratio = 0.87, 95% CI, 0.50–1.51; P = 0.62). Rates of the individual components of the primary endpoint were also comparable in both groups. The incidence of definite/probable stent thrombosis was 1.4% versus 1.0% respectively (hazard ratio = 1.35, 95% CI, 0.14–12.94, P = 0.80).

Conclusions

Long‐term outcomes of patients with STEMI treated with polymer‐free sirolimus‐ and probucol‐eluting stents versus durable‐polymer zotarolimus‐eluting stents were similar. Stent thrombosis rates were low and comparable in both treatment groups, with no events beyond 12 months.

Clinical Trial Registration: Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier NCT 00598533) © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dearomatization through Halofunctionalization Reactions
Authors: Liang Xiao‐Wei , Zheng Chao , You Shu‐Li
Published: July 2016

Recent advances in dearomatization through halofunctionalization reactions are summarized in this Minireview. Two general categories of strategies are currently employed in this field. On one hand, the reaction can be initiated with electrophilic halogenation at an alkyne or alkene moiety. The resulting halonium ion intermediate is then captured by a pendant aromatic ring at the ipso position, affording the dearomatization product. On the other hand, electrophilic halogenation can directly take place at a substituted arene, and the final dearomatization product is furnished by deprotonation or intramolecular nucleophilic trap. Highly enantioselective variants have been realized in the latter case by organocatalysis or transition metal catalysis. By applying these methods, various valuable halogenated polycyclic molecular architectures have been obtained from readily available starting materials.
Hydroboration of Phosphaalkynes by HB(C6F5)2
Authors: Longobardi Lauren E. , Johnstone Timothy C. , Falconer Rosalyn L. , Russell Christopher A. , Stephan Douglas W.
Published: July 2016

The hydroboration of phosphaalkynes with Piers’ borane (HB(C6F5)2) generated unusual phosphaalkenylboranes [RCH=PB(C6F5)2]2 that persisted as dimers in both solution and the solid state. These P2B2 heterocycles underwent ring opening when subjected to nucleophiles, such as pyridine and tert‐butylisocyanide, to yield monomeric phosphaalkenylborane adducts RCH=PB(C6F5)2(L). DFT calculations were performed to probe the nature of the interaction of phosphaalkynes with boranes.
Divergent Coupling of Alcohols and Amines Catalyzed by Isoelectronic Hydride MnI and FeII PNP Pincer Complexes
Authors: Mastalir Matthias , Glatz Mathias , Gorgas Nikolaus , Stöger Berthold , Pittenauer Ernst , Allmaier Günter , Veiros Luis F. , Kirchner Karl
Published: July 2016

Herein, we describe an efficient coupling of alcohols and amines catalyzed by well‐defined isoelectronic hydride MnI and FeII complexes, which are stabilized by a PNP ligand based on the 2,6‐diaminopyridine scaffold. This reaction is an environmentally benign process implementing inexpensive, earth‐abundant non‐precious metal catalysts, and is based on the acceptorless alcohol dehydrogenation concept. A range of alcohols and amines including both aromatic and aliphatic substrates were efficiently converted in good to excellent isolated yields. Although in the case of Mn selectively imines were obtained, with Fe—exclusively monoalkylated amines were formed. These reactions proceed under base‐free conditions and required the addition of molecular sieves.
Production of Ultracold 87Rb133Cs in the Absolute Ground State: Complete Characterisation of the Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage Transfer
Authors: Molony Peter K. , Gregory Philip D. , Kumar Avinash , Le Sueur C. Ruth , Hutson Jeremy M. , Cornish Simon L.
Published: July 2016

We present the production of ultracold 87RbCs molecules in the electronic, rovibrational and hyperfine ground state, using stimulated Raman adiabatic passage to transfer the molecules from a weakly bound Feshbach state. We measure one‐way transfer efficiencies of 92(1)% and fully characterise the strengths and linewidths of the transitions used. We model the transfer, including a Monte Carlo simulation of the laser noise, and find this matches well with both the transfer efficiency and our previous measurements of the laser linewidth and frequency stability.
Infrared Photodissociation Spectroscopy of C4N−, C6N− and C8N−
Authors: Stanca‐Kaposta E. Cristina , Schwaneberg Falko , Fagiani Matias R. , Lalanne Matthieu , Wöste Ludger , Asmis Knut R.
Published: July 2016

The gas‐phase vibrational spectroscopy of cold C2nN− (n=2–4) anions is investigated in the CC and CN multiple bond stretching region (1700–2250 cm−1) by means of infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectroscopy in a cryogenically cooled ion trap of the corresponding messenger‐tagged complexes. The IRPD spectra are assigned to N‐terminated linear structures with triplet ground states (3Σ−) based on a comparison with harmonic vibrational frequencies and intensities from density functional theory computations. In contrast to the polyacetylenic C2n+1N− anions, the linear C−C chains investigated here exhibit cumulenic character, which is most pronounced in C4N− and decreases with chain length. Additional intense transitions are observed for C6N− above 3000 cm−1 and are attributed to overtone and combination bands involving the CC stretching modes, based on anharmonic computations. The influence of a D2 tag on the vibrational features of C2nN− anions is shown to be small.
Lightweight Ionic Networks Composed of Li+ or Mg2+ Centres Linked Together by Dicarboxylate Ligands
Authors: White Keith F. , Abrahams Brendan F. , Hudson Timothy A. , Robson Richard
Published: July 2016

The combination of lightweight metal cations with a range of dicarboxylate ligands has led to the generation of ionic network materials that possess channels occupied by solvent molecules. The compounds [Li2(2,2‐bpdc)(DMF)2] and [Mg(2,2‐bpdc)(DMF)2] (2,2‐bpdc=2,2‐dipyridyl‐4,4‐dicarboxylate) adopt a similar structure in which parallel metal–carboxylate chains are linked to four equivalent chains to generate a 3 D network in which DMF molecules occupy channels. [Li4(3,5‐pdc)2(DMF)]⋅solvate (3,5‐pdc=3,5‐pyridine dicarboxylate) adopts a similar structure but the chains are more complex. As with the other structures, coordinated DMF molecules occupy network channels. [Li4(3,5‐pdc)2(DMF)]⋅solvate is able to adsorb carbon dioxide at elevated pressures with the adsorption following a type V isotherm; hysteresis is apparent upon desorption. The final compound, Li[Mg3OH(2,2‐bqdc)3(DMF/H2O)3]⋅solvate (2,2‐bqdc=2,2‐biquinoline‐4,4‐dicarboxylate) has a distinctly different structure in which a trio of magnesium centres bound to a central μ3‐hydroxide ion serves as a 6‐connecting, trigonal prismatic node within a 3 D network that has the point symbol, 4966. Solvent‐filled intraframework spaces represent over 50 % of the crystal volume and are occupied by highly disordered solvent and Li+ ions. Immersion of Li[Mg3OH(2,2‐bqdc)3(DMF/H2O)3]⋅solvate in a solution of Fe(2,2‐bipyridine)32+ results in the incorporation of the FeII complex into the large channels of the anionic network.
A Luminescent Zinc(II) Metal–Organic Framework for Selective Detection of Nitroaromatics, Fe3+ and CrO42−: A Versatile Threefold Fluorescent Sensor
Authors: Li Bao‐Hong , Wu Jian , Liu Jian‐Qiang , Gu Chu‐Ying , Xu Jing‐Wen , Luo Miao‐Miao , Yadav Reena , Kumar Abhinav , Batten Stuart R.
Published: July 2016

A new ZnII metal–organic framework, [Zn6(L)3(DMA)4]⋅5 DMA (H4L=[1,1′:3′,1′′‐terphenyl]‐3,3′′,5,5′′‐tetracarboxylic acid, DMA=dimethylacetamide), has been synthesized and characterized. The structure contains a three‐dimensional 3,4,4,6‐connected net with (4.62)2(66)(66)(42.610.83) topology and displays selective detection of nitrobenzene, CrO42− and Fe3+ ions. The present work thus indicates that this metal–organic framework could be a prospective candidate for developing novel luminescence sensors for the selective sensing of nitrobenzene, which can be used as a precursor for explosives. Furthermore, the photoluminescent properties of this material in different solvents and with various analytes were investigated and corroborated by theoretical calculations. The results were in good agreement with the experimental solvent‐dependent luminescence behavior.
Fuzzy predictive temperature control for a class of metallurgy lime kiln models
Authors: Feng Xugang , Huo Shicheng , Zhang Jiayan , Shen Hao
Published: July 2016

The combustion temperature and progress control problems are key factors to ensure the production quality of metallurgy lime kiln. The combustion process of lime kiln is a nonlinear and large time‐delay thermal process, so it is difficult to achieve satisfactory results by the traditional proportional integral derivative control, fuzzy control, or predictive control. This article analyses physics and chemistry mechanism of the combustion process and expounds the complex nonlinear, multivariable and large time‐delay characteristics, and the control target of the production system. Then, the mathematical model of combustion control system is deduced in view of the requirements of simulation. Based on these, the fuzzy predictive control scheme is employed. Through simulation, the control algorithm is verified to be effective. Finally, the industrial sleeve kiln as a practical example is used to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the control algorithm. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 249–258, 2016
Dynamic systems view of learning a three‐tiered theory in physics: robust learning outcomes as attractors
Authors: Koponen Ismo T. , Kokkonen Tommi , Nousiainen Maija
Published: July 2016

The process of learning scientific knowledge from the dynamic systems viewpoint is studied in terms probabilistic learning model (PLM), where learning accrues from foraging in the epistemic landscape. The PLM leads to the formation of attractor‐type regions of preferred models in an epistemic landscape. The attractor‐type states correspond to robust learning outcomes which are more probable than others. These can be assigned either to the high confidence in model selection or to the dynamic evolution of a learner's proficiency, which depends on the learning history. The results suggest that robust learning states are essentially context dependent, and that learning is a continuous development between these context dependent states. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 259–267, 2016
Interspecies metabolic diversity of harmaline and harmine in in vitro 11 mammalian liver microsomes
Authors: Li Shuping , Teng Liang , Liu Wei , Cheng Xuemei , Jiang Bo , Wang Zhengtao , Wang Changhong
Published: July 2016

The β‐carboline alkaloids harmaline and harmine are widely present in hallucinogenic plants with great potential for treating depression, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. The present study was to elucidate metabolic difference of harmaline and harmine in 11 mammalian liver microsomes in order to quantitate species‐specific metabolic profiles. Using the probe substrate reaction, the enzymatic activities for 8 CYP450 isozymes of 11 liver microsomes were characterized. Combining ultra performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐ESI‐Q/TOF‐MS) and ultra performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS) methods, 18 metabolites for harmaline and 11 for harmine were identified. The metabolism patterns differences of them presented discrepancy in the quality and quantity of metabolites. It was notable that O‐sulfate conjugation was detected in all species except sheep. The intrinsic clearance CLint, LM values for the metabolites harmine and harmol in rabbits (37.5 and 42.4 μL/min/mg) were higher than those in other animals, while dogs (16.2 and 16.7 μL/min/mg) and humans (16.0 and 16.3 μL/min/mg) exhibited similar in vitro metabolic clearance. These observations suggested that harmaline and harmine were rapidly metabolized in liver microsomes of rat, mouse, and rabbit; moderately metabolized in human and dog; while weakly metabolized in sheep. Comprehensive analysis of the metabolism indicated that dogs and humans showed considerable similarity in the elimination of parent drugs, metabolic profiles, and catalytic processes. To summarize, these findings illustrated that in vitro studies of harmaline and harmine metabolic profiles in different species are helpful for the proper selection and interpretation of animal models for pharmacological and toxicological evaluation, and will ultimately provide useful guidance for the development of β‐carboline alkaloids. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Multicapillary gel electrophoresis based analysis of genetic variants in the WFS1 gene
Authors: Elek Zsuzsanna , Dénes Réka , Prokop Susanne , Somogyi Anikó , Yowanto Handy , Luo Jane , Souquet Manfred , Guttman András , Rónai Zsolt
Published: July 2016

The WFS1 gene is one of the thoroughly investigated targets in diabetes research, variants of the gene were suggested to be the genetic components of the common forms (type 1 and type 2) of diabetes. Our project focused on the analysis of polymorphisms (rs4689388, rs148797429, rs4273545) localized in the WFS1 promoter region. Although submarine gel electrophoresis based approaches were also employed in the genetic tests, it was demonstrated that multicapillary electrophoresis offers a state of the art approach for reliable high‐throughput SNP and VNTR analysis. Association studies were carried out in a case–control setup. Luciferase reporter assay was employed to test the effect of the investigated loci on the activity of gene expression in vitro. Significant association could be demonstrated between all three polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes in both allele‐ and genotype‐wise settings even using Bonferroni correction. It is notable; however, that the three loci were in strong linkage disequilibrium, thus the observed associations cannot be considered as separate effects. Molecular analyses showed that the rs4273545 GT SNP played a role in the regulation of transcription in vitro. However, this effect took place only in the presence of the region including the rs148797429 site, although this latter locus did not have its own impact on the regulation of gene expression. The paper provides genotyping protocols readily applicable in any multiplex SNP and VNTR analyses, moreover confirms and extends previous results about the role of WFS1 polymorphisms in the genetic risk of diabetes mellitus.
Enhanced multicarrier techniques for narrowband and broadband PMR coexistence
Authors: Bulusu S. S. Chaitanya , Renfors Markku , Yli‐Kaakinen Juha , Shaiek Hmaied , Roviras Daniel
Published: July 2016

The coexistence of broadband systems with currently deployed professional mobile radio (PMR) communication systems like public protection and disaster relief has gained much deserved attention. Recently, it has been shown that a conventional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)‐based long‐term evolution (LTE) system needs sufficient guard‐band or additional filtering in order to coexist in a PMR band, even without considering the radio frequency (RF) impairments of the transmitter. In practice, it is imperative to take into account the RF impairments in radio communication systems, such as the non‐linear (NL) nature of a high power amplifier (PA). This paper aims at investigating some enhanced multicarrier techniques allowing the coexistence of narrowband and broadband PMR systems that can support asynchronism, have low latency, and be able to be operated with NL devices. The simulation results show that a LTE‐like post‐OFDM broadband system working with NL PA devices can still coexist with legacy PMR systems with high spectrum and energy efficiencies when proper PA linearisation techniques are applied in combination with effective peak‐to‐average power ratio reduction methods. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Family caregivers as partners in care transitions: The caregiver advise record and enable act
Authors: Coleman Eric A.
Published: July 2016

The objective of this Perspective was to provide guidance to hospitalists and hospital clinical leadership on how to implement the Caregiver Advise Record and Enable (CARE) Act, which has been passed into law in 30 US states and territories. Specifically, the objective is 3‐fold: (1) increase awareness among hospitalists and encourage them to begin to prepare for implementation, (2) explore the impetus for this legislation, and (3) provide a list of suggested resources geared to both family caregivers and healthcare professionals that may be helpful in preparation for implementing the CARE Act. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;11:883–885. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine