bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of bioreactor landfill technology to municipal solid waste management: Asian perspective
Authors: Chiemchaisri Chart , Joseph Kurian
Published: August 2020

In recent years, due to the advance in knowledge of landfill behaviour and decompositionprocesses of municipal solid waste (MSW), there has been a strong thrust to upgrade existinglandfill technology from a storage/containment concept to a process-based approach, in otherwords, as a bioreactor landfill. Operating landfills as bioreactors and hence enhancing thestabilization of wastes is one such option that has been elaborately investigated and hadalready been in practice in the U.S. and European countries, As compared to many developedcountries, the concept of leachate recirculation is still relatively new to Asia, Nevertheless,there are laboratory scale and pilot scale researches including few full-scale implementationof this technology in Asia, Research and development activities relating to aspects of landfillbioreactors are keeping the interest of scientists and engineers alive and enriching theliteratures. Findings of bioreactor landfill research have resulted in generation of enormousdata and their publication in variety of journals and books, Collating data from such diversesources would help understand the bioreactor landfill concept, benefits to be derived, designand operational issues, possible solutions to many of these issues, ongoing researches, etc,This paper is an attempt to present an overview in this direction in Asian perspective.
Carbon credit estimation from composting of municipal solid waste in India
Authors: Kumar Sunil
Published: August 2020

Management of municipal solid waste (MSW) is a complex problem for being faced all overthe world, Rapid urbanization and industrialization have led to scarcity of land and otherresources in urban areas and have increased the problem of disposal of the waste generated,The total MSW generation will continuously rise due to the outgoing urban growth,Uncontrolled haphazard dumping of MSW on the outskirts of towns and cities has createdoverflowing landfills, which are not only impossible to reclaim, but also have induced seriousenvironmental implications through contributions to ground water pollution and globalwarming, Successful composting of MSW is also practiced in a few pockets in some cities ofIndia but due to low compost quality, the market is very low. Moreover, the Government ofIndia is detennined to promote only composting technology for treatment of MSW as per therecommendation of Hon'ble Supreme Court of India based on the views from ExpertCommittee.MSW generally has a considerable fraction of biodegradable materials, even though theproportions vary from region to region. Biotreatment has, for many decades, been thepreferred method for effectively treating the biodegradable waste, Composting is an ancient,environmental friendly and globally recognized method of biotreatment and bioprocessing ofMSW, Composting generates a recycled organic product and minimizes the waste quantityleft for disposal, thereby reducing the demand for landfill sites, Different fractions of thebiodegradable organic components eventually mineralize to CO2 and H20 at different rates,The present paper describes the theoretical and experimental estimation of CO2 emission fromcomposting of MSW in India, which gives tentative estimation of carbon credit fromcomposting of MSW,
Management of open dumps in Asia challenges and opportunities
Authors: Joseph Kurian , Nagendran R.
Published: August 2020

The open dump approach, a primitive version of municipal solid waste disposal remains thepredominant option in most of the Asian countries. Problems of shortage of cover, lack ofleachate collection and treatment, inadequate compaction of wastes, poor site design andragpickers working and setting the refuse on fire to recover valuable inorganic items arecommon at such dumps. It is essential that an appropriate status quo analysis is carried outand an achievable, acceptable and affordable strategy and action plan are developed forimplementation in a phased manner. This paper presents the steps that may be initiated tosteadily move from open dumps towards controlled dumps and later to sustainable landfillsbased on the lessons learned from the on going project on "Sustainable Solid Waste LandfillManagement in Asia" under the Asian Regional Research Programme on EnvironmentalTechnology funded by Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency andCoordinated by Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand.The first step in upgrading open dumps to sanitary landfills involves reducing nuisances suchas odors, dust, vermin, and birds. The principle of landfill mining may be used as the driver toconvert this challenging task into an opportunity. The possible outcome would includerecovery of space for future landfills, soil fraction for growing non edible crops as well aslandfill cover material and the plastics for making refuse derived fuel. A natural remediationtechnique such as phytoremediation using higher vascular plants, though slow, is also worthconsidering.
Characterization, quantification and management situation of medical waste in Nepal
Authors: Majumder Ahmad Kamruzzaman , Khanal Sanjay Nath , Chaudhary Gyanendra , Bhochhibhoya Silu , Yadav Sunita Kumari , Vaidya Ashma , Wenju Rabi
Published: August 2020

Waste management is always a serious problem in developing country like Nepal, Medicalwaste has become a matter of major concern at present with the growth of health facilities inboth public and private sectors of Nepal, It is a serious concern, as most of its waste goes tomunicipal waste management system, There is no proper or separate waste handling, dumpingor incinerating practice for hazardous or hospital waste in Nepal, This study aimed to evaluatethe characterization, quantification and management situation of various health care centers inNepal, A study on the waste characterization and quantification as well as existing wastemanagement system was conducted in six different hospitals and nursing homes of Nepalduring 2004 to 2007, These hospitals has been serving about 0,25 million patients in averageevery year, The methodology involved in the study is the collection of the waste from eachward, segregation, characterization into infectious, non-infectious waste groups andquantification. In each hospital investigation was conducted for 7-15 days, Existingmanagement practice were directly observed and documented, Necessary infonnation wasalso collected through fonnal and infonnal consultations with different stakeholders of theconcern hospitals, This study found that the average daily waste generation in surveyedhospitals is 69,35 kg, The average per capita waste generation in these hospitals is 0.66 kg inwhich infectious waste was 0, 13 kg/day/person and non-infectious waste was 0,53kg/day/person, The average infectious waste was almost 22,07% and non- infectious wastewas 77.93% in the surveyed hospitals, Application of strong policies and legislation measuresfor proper management of the medical waste is highly needed
Flash co-pyrolysis of biomass with biopolymers: a preliminary evaluation
Authors: Cornelissen T. , Jans M. , Yperman J. , Reggers G. , Schreurs S. , Thewys T. , Carleer R.
Published: August 2020

The influence of biopolymers on the pyrolysis yields is investigated using a semi-continuoushome-built pyrolysis reactor. All biopolymers show their specific benefits during the overallco-pyrolysis process. In a first attempt, each pyrolysis (pure willow and all I: I w/w ratiowillow/biopolymer blends) is evaluated based on nine objectives. Afterwards, ThomasSaaty's Analytic Hierarchy Process is used in order to obtain an objective ranking of thedifferent biopolymer options. The flash co-pyrolysis of I: I willow/PHB(Polyhydroxybutyrate) is the most performant option, while I: I willow/PLA (Polylactic acid),I:I willow/Biopearls and I: I willow/Potato starch show increased potential as well. The factthat biopolymers, despite their biodegradability, are considered as waste makes the flash copyrolysis of willow and biopolymers an additional necessity.
Enhancement of waste stabilization ponds efficacy using local fixed film materials
Authors: Al-Sa 'ed R.M. , Mahmoud N. , Abu-Madi A. , Zimmo O.R.
Published: August 2020

This paper evaluates the feasibility of using local rock filter as natural media in waste stabilization ponds, A pilot-scale algae-rock filter ponds (ARPs) system was investigated, in parallel with algae-based ponds (ABPs) over a period of 6 months to evaluate the treatment efficacy of both systems. Each system entailed 4 equal ponds in series and was continuously fed with domestic wastewater from Birzeit University. The removal rates of organic matter, nutrients and faecal coliforms were monitored within each treatment system. The results obtained revealed that ARPs system was more efficient in the removal of organic matter (TSS and COD; 86% and 84%, respectively) and fecal coliforms (4 log10) than ABPs (81%, 81%, 3 log10, respectively). Nitrogen was reduced in the ARPs to an average of24 mg N/1; in contrast the ABPs effluent contained 32 mg N/1. Compared to ABP system, passive aerated ARPs option is an efficient, a low-cost and land-saving alternative with effluent quality suitable for restricted agricultural use in rural areas.
Inclusion of the fibres reinforcement effect in the analysis of slope stability in msw landfill - application to bandeirantes landfill case
Authors: Borgatto Andre Vinicius Azevedo , Mahler Claudio Fernando
Published: August 2020

In Germany, in the 1990 decade, new models of stability analysis in sanitary landfills hadbeen developed. These models were based in the study of reinforcement effect of the fibrespresent in the composition of the MSW. This reinforcement comes from materials as plastics,papers, cardboards, rubber, wood and textiles. The reinforcement in the MSW shear strengthcan be denominated as fibrous cohesion or pseudo-cohesion. For the inclusion of thisreinforcement it is necessary to classify the waste according to its morphology. Percentage ofmaterials with dimension I + dimension 2 will indicate the values to be used. For thisclassification the German technical recommendation GDA E 1-7 should be followed [I] .According to this recommendation, in stability analyses of sanitary landfills, the modelconsidering the reinforcement effect of the fibres should be used. It intends to bring a betterunderstand of the factors that had lead into failures in the past in landfills (back-analysis). Inaddition to that, this model can be used in designing of new landfills and studies to makehigher landfills areas in operation.In this work, the failure occurred in the Bandeirantes landfill located in Sao Paulo city, Brazil,was used as an application model. Besides that, Bandeirantes case was carried out as anextension of the study developed by [2] using the Gennan model of stability analysis. For theaccomplishment of the back-analysis contained in this work, it was used a software developedin Germany (GGU-Stability) which considers in its calculations the fibres reinforcementeffect through the inclusion of a new strength parameter - angle of internal tensile forces (s).The results had shown that, in the time when the waste started to slide down, only the frictioncomponent was responsible for the shear strength. Therefore, the cohesive activatedcomponent was contributed by the fibres reinforcement, as a consequence of the landfill wasteage.
Phytoremediation and metal uptake in food plants
Authors: Greger Maria , Neuschutz Clara , Landberg Tommy , Göthberg Agneta , Nyqvist Johanna , Dabrowska Beata
Published: August 2020

This paper reviews some of our resent findings on metal uptake in phytotechnology and foodplants. The Cd concentration in wheat grains can be decreased by pytoextraction by Salixprior to wheat cultivation. Water spinach commonly grown in nutrient rich waste water areable to form methyl-Hg in new leaves, but high nutrient level in cultivation medium decreasesthe metal concentration in the plant. Wetland plants grown on mine tailings are able todecrease the formation of acid mine drainage from the tailings. Submerged plants can increasethe retention of metals in wetlands treating metal polluted water, but the efficiency dependson the quality of the inlet water. Plants can be used to prevent leakage of metals and nutrientsfrom dry covers containing sewage sludge on mine tailing impoundments. If the sealing layerbelow the cover layer consists of fly ash root penetration can be prevented while if it containsa mixture of sewage sludge and fly ash roots will grow into the sealing layer. Macro algae asfertilizers in agriculture increase the biomass production but also transfer Cd to the crop.Therefore, algae should be used in production of non food crops, however, not suitable forhemp cultivation.
Remediation of oil-contaminated soil
Authors: Kapelkina Ludmila P. , Bakina Ludmila G. , Chugunova Marina V.
Published: August 2020

The great quantities of the produced and transported oil cause high risk of accidental spill. The accidental oil spills are classified according to the significance and location of the site (green area of the city, protection zone, thinly populated land, etc.), volume of the spilled oil, size of the oil-contaminated site, availability for remediation (transport communications), and the type of oil-contaminated soil.The choice of the remediation method depends on this classification and on time, passed from the moment of the accident. The cleanup of oil spill can be divided into three principal stages: the localization of the contaminated site, the collection and utilization of the spilled oil and recultivation of the contaminated soil. The liquidation works must be done after localization of the spill, namely, it is the collection and pumping of the oil with mechanical devices and subsequent oil return in the technological process.It is known that mechanical and physico-chemical sanitation methods can not completely purify the oil-contaminated soils. The total purification is possible only as a result of oil biodegradation (biochemical oxidation). There are two main approaches to oil biodegradation:I)stimulation of aboriginal microflora activity by formation of optimum conditions for itdevelopment; 2) introduction of the active hydrocarbons-oxidizing microbes (biopreparations)into contaminated soil.During the field experiments the various maneuvers of oil-contaminated soil recultivation have been tested: loosening; fertilizing and liming; cleaning with biopreparations; sowing of plants stable to oil.
Functional schemes for biomass use in autonomous heat power complexes of Kaliningrad region
Authors: Berkova Elena , Selin Viktor
Published: August 2020

Energy deficiency of Kaliningrad region compels to look for the ways of using non-traditionaland renewable energy resources in the regional energy balance. One of the perspectiveresources is biomass which includes wood waste of forestry activity, solid domestic waste andcombustible industrial refuse, wastes of animal husbandry, poultry breeding and plantgrowing and etc. Based on preliminary estimation, biofuel can replace more than 85,000 tonsof equivalent fuel per year. Functional scheme of autonomous heat power complexes forKaliningrad region was worked out Resource base of these complexes will be large-scaleagroindustial enterprises, poultry factories, fur farms, timber enterprises and small individualfan11S. At such objects different organic waste materials of animal and plant origin will besubjected to ecological clean without waste processing with the production of biogas,natural fertilizers, heat energy and electricity. Combination of biogas units with wind energyturbines, solar collectors and heat pumps will allow complete application of traditional fueland energy resources.
Training ecologist and building up professional competence among ecology students
Authors: Dolgopolov Alexey , Rud Vasiliy , Cheremisin Alexey , Davidov Vadim
Published: August 2020

This study attempts to analyze problems which have the process of success fom1ing of highquality professionals-ecologists in university, The adaptation of the students to future life isthe widening of horizon of meaning, the development of the professional skills. It is socialsand linguistics ability of ecologic and many other too. Teachers must to make skills ofstudents to plan their time, to plan their activity and skills to acquire new infonnation and newmethods of economic management, We develop mental abilities for one mark. We need tohave the result of economical nature,Management of activity of members of working group during performance of numerous kindsof research works at field conditions (for example at municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill) orin laboratory conditions puts before the lecturer of environmental disciplines (for example"Waste Management") some difficult pedagogical tasks: to generate stable professional skillsof students on application of means of the analysis of an environmental ( ecological) situation,on data processing and on development of strategy of effective processing waste, The sphereof the ecological communications includes rules of speech repertoire application, ways ofinfluence on a potential recipient (a student, a partner and an ecologist-curator), adequatespeech fomrnlae of submission of commands and fonnulae of reaction to the acting ecologicalinfom1ation, The lecturer should create at students flexible speech skills of possession ofRussian language with a view of adequate and duly reaction to the received ecologicalinfonnation, to organize training in field conditions to correct forms of analysis, of forecastand fom1alization of the data of ecological examination with the help of means of Russianlanguage.
Characterization and coincineration of waste in a paper milla case study
Authors: Tamaddon Feraydoon , Hogland William
Published: August 2020

A considerable amount of Plastic & Paper Waste (PPW) is accumulated in papermanufacturing and recycling mill during the pulping process, The composition of the wasteshows that it is a valuable waste-fuel, however, with high moisture content. This waste islandfilled at the landfill site in the vicinity of the paper mills and has caused considerableproblems in the form of leachate, In order to examine the operational and environmentaleffects of co-incineration of PPW with woodchips, coal and sludge, a study was undertaken atLund University, A detailed and complete analysis and characterization of the waste wasincluded in the study, Throughout 14 hours full-scale operation in a 40 MW circulatingfluidized bed combustor (CFS), samples of gas, particulate matters, ashes and slag were takenat different parts of the incinerator. All the process data, continuous flue-gas data, thetemperature and humidity were monitored throughout the test via a data acquisition systemand displayed on a real-time basis,The results of the gas analysis show some increase in PCB and PCDD/PCDF in the flue-gascompared with the normal operation (incineration of woodchips +sludge+ coal as fuel). The 3 3values (PCB=0.053ng/m , TCDDcquiv=0.009ng/m ) are, however, still far below that of the 3 limit (0.1 ng/m ). The average of total hydrocarbons (THC) in the emission gas was found tobe 35 ppm based on dry gas, which was three times higher than normal operation. Analysis ofthe ash shows a high concentration of soluble chlorine in comparison with normal operation(2500 ppm vs, 500 ppm) and this is due to the high concentration of chlorine in the testedfraction of PPW which is about 3 wt.%. The concentration of heavy metals in the ash andslag was found to be at the same level as normal operation.
Photolysis and advanced oxidation treatment of pharmaceuticals in tap water and treated sewage
Authors: Hansen Kamilla , Andersen Henrik R. , Kosjek Tina , Heath Ester , Kaas Povl , Ledin Anna
Published: August 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the removal efficiency of six phannaceuticals byphoto-degradation and the advanced oxidation process (AOP), UV/H2O2. The sixphannaceuticals were the four NSAIDs ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen and ketoprofen, thepharmacological active metabolite of the lipid lowering agent, clofibrin, clofibric acid, and theanticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, carbamazepine.Treatment experiments were perfom1ed using a UV lamp optimized for photochemicaltreatment in a flow through set-up. For the AOP experiments 60 mg/L H2O2 was added to thewater before treatment. The treatment effectiveness is evaluated based on the ElectricalEnergy per Order (EEO) (unit kWh!m\ which is defined as the electrical energy consumedper unit volume of water treated required for 90% removal of the investigated compound.It was found that four of the six phannaceuticals were completely removed in tap water byboth UV treatment and the AOP. The exceptions were ibuprofen and carbamazepine, whichexhibited a relationship between UV dose and removal. The electrical energy per order, EEOwas detennined to 8.2 kWh/ml (UV) and 3. 7 kWh/ml (UV /H2O2 ) for ibuprofen.In the wastewater effluent the removal by UV irradiation was almost complete for ketoprofen,while the other compounds show dependency of flow rate/UV dose. Ibuprofen was thecompound that needed the highest UV dose to remove 90% (EEO = 33.4 kWh/ml) wherenaproxen and clofibric acid required 9.6 kWh/ml and 5.5 kWh/ml, respectively. Ketoprofenand diclofenac needed considerable less energy than clofibric acid. Ibuprofen and naproxen isbiodegradable and will be removed in biologically treated wastewater. Therefore, the relevantestimate of the needed treatment is the energy use for removal of clofibric acid which required5.5 kWh/ml for 90% removal.
Biological method for the detoxification of spent monoethanolamine solutions
Authors: Liuzinas Rapolas , Jankevicius Karolis , Salkauskas Mudis , Jakubenas Regimantas , Paskevicius Algimantas , Mikalajunas Mykolas
Published: August 2020

Monoethanolamine (MEA) solutions are widely used in for gas cleaning from carbon dioxidefor many industrial purposes. Spent MEA solutions should be properly decontaminated andsafely disposed. As these processes proceed at high temperature, the MEA solutions produceand accumulate tars and other degradation products as well as heavy metals from thecorroding equipment.This report presents a biological method for the detoxification of spent MEA solutions. Asolution is mixed with soil in order to inoculate aerobic microorganisms decomposing organicsubstances; and the obtained substrate is spread on a flat and properly hydro-isolated ground.To strengthen the vitality and increase activity of the microorganisms, the substrate is aerated,humidified, fertilized and its pH is monitored and controlled. When the MEA concentration isreduced, vascular plants (Calamagrostis epigejos, Secale cereale, Salix viminalis) areimplanted in the substrate, and their growth concludes the detoxification.
Zooindication and ecological conditions of the Vistynetskoe lake
Authors: Shibaeva Maria , Pronkina Evgeniya , Slepenkova Julia , Elfimova Olesija , Matveeva Evgeniya , Masjutkina Elena
Published: August 2020

The Vistynetskoe Lake has glacial origin and it is located in the south-eastern part of theKaliningrad region. According to its natural status, the lake belongs to oligotrophic type ofreservoirs with mesotrophic features.The total surface area of the lake is 16. 7 km 2, with an average depth of 15.5 m, and maximumlength and maximum width 8.1 km and 4.2 km respectively. The latest researches in this arewere carried out in summer 2006. The water quality was estimated pursuant to the Pantle andBukk's method as modified by Sladechek, and Zooplankton, zoobentos and macrophyteorganisms were used as bioindicators for ecological conditions of the lake.By that period, I 15 species of zooplankton were found, among them diaptomus Heterocopeappendiculata.Similar species of zooplankton dominate by number of species, by their biomass and theirnumber is 3-4.143 species of zooplankton were found in the Vistynetskoe Lake during the whole researchperiod.Total area of the macrophyte overgrowth is less than 17% of the lake surface. Bushes havequalitative and quantitative differences in length and depth distribution. By the overgrowththe Vistynetskoe lake is similar to other bigger lakes in southern part of Lithuania.The Chara, Pondweed, Elodea dominate among the submerged vegetation.The saprobity index calculated for zoobentos and zooplankton does not exceed 1.6 . Itcorresponds to oligo-P-mesosaprobic class of water quality. But there are some points wherethe level of saprobity changes to polysaprobic.Thus, by the level of zooplankton and zoobentos development the Vistynetskoe lake is closerto mesotrophic type of reservoirs.
Regulations of wastes generation Kaliningrad region meat-processing and furniture enterprises
Authors: Zaid Dmitry
Published: August 2020

In 1999-2005 meat-processing and furniture industry was actively developed. Simultaneouslywith growth of these industrial sectors it is necessary to solve problems of perniciousinfluence on the environment. These problems can be separated into legislative and technical.In terms of law, the problem of waste products in these enterprises is a standardization ofgeneration and allocation of waste products. Recently, majority of enterprises were notinformed about the necessity of compliance with the demand and they were breaking the lawdeliberately. Currently, the problems of regulation within the sphere of waste products arewaste generation accounting, licensing and settlement of accounts.Technical problem of studied aspect is the necessity of modern recycling equipment andmethods usage. This makes difficulties for enterprises to perform an efficient activity inwastes disposal and involves them into flow process as well. The process of collecting andremoving wastes from wood chipboards and reutilization of those when producing veneer isnon-value-adding due to long distance from the furniture enterprises of Kaliningrad Region toenterprises, which produce wood chipboards.Meat processing industry in Kaliningrad Region has some problems with removal of wastesfrom the main production, which can be fewer than I 0% from the crudes, entering into theenterprise. During the period of 2000 - 2003, animal wastes were carried out by gratuitousassignment of these wastes into animal food in fur fanning and pig fanns. However,currently, the amount of meat processing enterprises has increased, that has been broughtabout by considerable growth of wastes. At the same time, the number of animal farms wascut down.To sum up, currently, the issue of wastes placement from meat processing industries is not anactual problem because of ban import of meat-on-bone into Russian Federation. Whereas, theissue of removing waste products can become sharp due to the great demand on the crudesand the agriculture government support.
Substantiation of conceptual models for assessing and managing the environmental and economic costs of warehouse complexes of distribution centers
Authors: Idilov Ibragim , Abdulvagapova Ayna , Abubakarova Madina
Published: August 2020

The article presents a study on changes in conceptual approaches to the assessment and management of environmental and economic costs of enterprises in the logistics system, taking into account the establishment in Russia of priority in the development of global corporations towards the formation of a system of warehouse complexes of distribution centers.
QUIZIZZ AND SMARTPHONES: WARM-UP STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ CLASS PARTICIPATION
Authors: Toledo Soto María José , Díaz Larenas Claudio Heraldo
Published: August 2020

Due to the impact of the internet and technology on the millennials generation, the teaching and learning process must be integrated by both trends, as they can increase university students’ motivation as well as their levels of class participation. This integration can be achieved through potential and authentic pedagogical strategies: warm-up activities using smartphones and a technological tool called Quizizz. The objectives of this study were: 1) to identify if students increased their class participation after using quizzes and smartphones as a warm-up strategy, and 2) to explore the perceptions of the students about their level of class participation. Data were collected with the application of three instruments (the teacher's diary, a classroom map, a students' perception scale) and also a combination of a qualitative and a quantitative data analysis. The results of this study pointed out that all of the 47 participants improved their willingness to participate in class. However, their own perceptions about participation did not show any particular change. In other words, the students´ willingness to participate in class positively changed, but their own perceptions about participation remained the same before and after the application of these strategies.
Knowledge level and attitude for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection and HPV vaccines among medical school students
Authors: KILIÇ Derya , DOLMA Esin , GÜNEY İrem , ACAR Emine , GUR Ege , KIDAM Büşra Nur , GÜLER Ömer Tolga
Published: August 2020

Amaç: Serviks kanseri dünya çapında kadınlar arasında önemli bir sağlık sorunudur. Diğer yaygın kanserlerin aksine, insan papilloma virüsü (HPV) tabanlı tarama stratejileri ile neredeyse tamamen önlenebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin HPV enfeksiyonu ile ilgili bilgi düzeylerini ve HPV aşısı ile ilgili düşüncelerini analiz etmektir.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma, eğitimlerinin ilk 3 yılındaki tıp fakültesi öğrencilerini ve birinci derece yakınları ile yürütüldü. Yapılan anketin temel verileri arasında HPV enfeksiyonu ve ilişkili hastalıkların bilgi düzeyi, HPV aşısı hakkındaki bilgi düzeyi ve HPV aşısına karşı tutum hakkında 29 çoktan seçmeli soru bulunmaktaydı.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan 191 öğrenciden 158 (% 82.7)’inin HPV enfeksiyonunu duyduğu, 66 öğrenci yakınının 38 (% 57.6)' inin HPV enfeksiyonunu duyduğu ve bu iki grup arasında anlamlı fark bulunduğu saptandı (p
Pouring LB Agar Plates - Chem 584 v1
Authors: The Nonprofit Plasmid Repository Addgene , Christensen Ken
Published: August 2020

The following protocol is for making LB agar plates for the purpose of bacterial selection (500mL of LB agar makes about 25 LB agar plates). For the full abstract and additional resources, please visit https://www.addgene.org/plasmid_protocols/bacterial_plates/
Nasopharyngeal Pooling Pre-RNA Extraction v1
Authors: not provided emilypellegrini
Published: August 2020

These procedures are based on FDA recommendations to validate a pooling procedure. All steps are to be run in triplicate.
A CREAM CONTAINING LINOLEIC ACID, 5%DEXPANTHENOL AND CERAMIDE IN THE TREATMENT OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS v1
Authors: Somjorn Phatthanan , Nunticha Komnamoon not provided , Salinee Rojhirunsakool not provided , Silada Kanokrungsee not provided , Montree Udompataikul not provided
Published: August 2020

Abstract Introduction: Nowadays, moisturizers contain non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents help for treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). Defensil (black currant seed oil, sunflower oil, and balloon vine), a new anti-inflammatory, obtained from plant extracts remain had a few study for AD. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of moisturizer containing 3% Defensil, 5% dexpanthenol and ceramide (LDC) with 5% urea cream in treatment of childhood AD. Methods: Thirty-eight patients with diagnosis of atopic dermatitis by UK working party’s criteria were recruited in randomized, controlled, double-blinded 4-week study. The patients were received with twice-daily application of LDC cream on one side of the body and 5% urea cream on the opposite side. The clinical severity was assessed by modified scoring of atopic dermatitis (SCORAD). Median time to remission wasanalyzed by survival analysis. Results: Thirty-seven out of 38 patients accomplished the protocol. The clinical modified SCORAD significantly improved from baseline in both groups (p <0.001) after 2 and 4 weeks. Furthermore, LDC group significantly reduced severity of disease better than 5% urea group (P=0.043). The mean difference SCORAD scores were -13.83 (± 1.83) and -13.04 (± 3.22) respectively. Stratum corneum hydration (SCH) was enhanced from baseline in both group (p<0.001) but no statistically significant difference between both groups. Median time to remission had no statistically significant difference (P=0.703). Conclusion:The effectiveness of LDC cream is better than 5% urea cream for improving clinical atopic dermatitis.It was suggested that moisturizer containing LDC could be used for the treatment of mild-to-moderate childhood atopic dermatitis.
Space, Religious Diversity, and Negotiation Processes
Authors: Lefebvre Solange
Published: August 2020

After a literature review of space, urbanity, and religion, this article identifies some descriptive categories and analytical frameworks to theorize problems faced by religious minorities, especially Muslims, in obtaining space for their cemeteries and places of worship. A second section focuses on debates and an analysis related to these themes in the province of Quebec (Canada), especially in the City of Montreal, showing that while spatial dimensions rarely constitute an analytical category, this aspect is nevertheless a continual source of tension. The article illustrates how dysfunctional administrative processes have dominated the public scene in recent years. A case study shows how a few actors are exploiting provincial regulations in order to oppose public decisions that seek to accommodate the needs of Muslims, using a process for approving amendments to zoning bylaws by way of referendum. After a brief examination of the case related to a Muslim cemetery in a village near Quebec City, to shed light on the recent debates surrounding regulations, the article analyzes the decision-making process resulting in a failure to modify zoning regulations in order to welcome new places of worship in a borough of Montreal. While analyzing administrative and legal aspects, the article also exposes the complexity of the social and spatial dynamics at stake. Our conclusion is that any successful public policy on diversity must employ multilayered strategies, particularly to support space regulations with foundational intercultural and interreligious initiatives. It also brings attention to the perverse effect of some local participatory procedures, whereby a few actors maneuver to mobilize citizens, in order to resist the religious pluralization of space.
Creating a Psychologically Safe Environment for Interaction between the Teacher and the Parents of Pupils as One of the Conditions for the Formation of a Single Educational Space for the Development of a Preschooler
Authors: Kazarova E.G.
Published: August 2020

The article analyzes the degree of public understanding of the role of parents and teachers in the education and upbringing of a preschooler, substantiates the relevance of the problem associated with understanding of this role. The article also considers the structure of psychological safety of interaction of a kindergarten teacher with parents of pupils. The interaction among the participants of the educational process is considered as one of the conditions for the formation of unified educational space for the development of preschool children both in a family and in a kindergarten. The article provides practical recommendations upon the creation of psycho-pedagogical conditions for safe interaction among the participants of pre-school educational process. Specific possibilities of participation of parents in the activities of the kindergarten are considered. The question of self-regulation of the emotional state of teachers, prevention of their emotional burnout and conflict is raised. The proposed recommendations can be used in the professional activities of teachers and teacher-psychologist of a preschool educational institution.
Development of a Psychological Support System in Preschool Education
Authors: Samkova I.A.
Published: August 2020

Changes in modern preschool education raise the question of the role and place of the teacher-psychologist in the preschool educational organization, of the place and significance of the psychological service as a whole in the system of preschool education. The article provides a brief overview of the historical background of the formation of the psychological education service; its general characteristic is given and the specifics of the psychological service in the preschool educational organization are highlighted. The concept of psychological support in the educational process is disclosed, as well as the currently existing models for organizing the activities of a teacher-psychologist in kindergarten are described. The article also highlights the main problems of the preschool psychological education service and outlines possible solutions.
THE SEIZURE OF NON-CASH FUNDS THROUGH THE USE OR THREAT OF VIOLENCE
Authors: Bashkov A. V.
Published: August 2020

The article analyzes the issue of qualification of theft of non-cash funds through the use of violence or the threat of its use. It is proposed to Supplement the current resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court on November 30, 2017 No. 48 «On judicial practice in cases of fraud, misappropriation and embezzlement» explanation of the qualification of violent methods of taking non-cash funds.
The state of gene pool of the basic forest-forming species of the white sea watershed (on the example of a Picea × fennica (Regel) kom. And Pinus sylvestris L.)
Authors: Ilinov Aleksey A. , Raevsky Boris V. , Chirva Olga V.
Published: August 2020

Background. The genetic diversity of forest tree species populations is a key factor contributing to their resistance against negative effects of human activity, and the global climate change. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the state of gene pools of the main forest-forming species in the White Sea watershed.

Materials and methods. Five populations of Norway spruce and seven populations of Scotch pine have been selected within the Arctic zone of the European part of Russia (the western part of the White Sea watershed), along with two boundary ones located near the northern borders of the abovementioned species areas. The analysis of the spruce samples had been performed using five nuclear SSR loci, while for the pine samples it was four. DNA fragments were separated on a sequencer CEQ 8000. The main criteria of the genetic diversity (A99%, Ho, He) and F-statistics were calculated.

Results. The marginal spruce populations were characterized by the largest magnitude of the genetic diversity (Ho = 0.46; He = 0.47) and isolation (FST = 0.33) compared to other populations of the same species. The differences were statistically significant. All pine populations studied demonstrated a higher level of genetic diversity (Ho = 0.50, He = 0.63) compared to spruce populations. The differences between the boundary and in-area populations were not statistically reliable (FST = 0.04).

Conclusion. Our investigation revealed a sufficiently high level of spruce and pine northern populations genetic diversity making them able to withstand expected negative effects of anthropogenic activity and global climate change.
PROTOCOL No. XIX.
Administrative appointment on November 28, 1891
Authors: Krasovskiy A. Ya.
Published: August 2020

32 members attended.
Small gynecological surgery
Authors: Kuhn F.
Published: August 2020

So widely used in the recent past, small gynecological operations in our time, the time of large operations, are more and more losing their meaning. The author explains this mainly by the fact that our diagnostic tools have recently increased and improved significantly. We know something that was not known to our predecessors, namely that not all so-called uterine diseases have the starting point of the uterus itself, or that uterine disease is only secondary. Thanks to the success of diagnostics, we are relieved of many not only unnecessary, but often dangerous for patients manipulations in the uterus, which were previously considered inevitable.
TO QUESTIONS OF MODERN GYNECOLOGY
Authors: Kupidonov V.
Published: August 2020

London. Having visited German and French gynecologists, everywhere I met more or less strict adherence to asepsis and antiseptics during operations, only in England there are, however, only two gynecologists who decided to stop the use of antiseptics in their operative practice and postoperative results are not only no worse, but even better. The operators are Lawson Tait (in Birmingham) and Bantock (in London). Interested to see personally the production of operations without antiseptics, I decided to visit Bantock's clinic.
THE CASE OF HERNIAE OVARICAE BILATERALIS
Authors: Aue G. X.
Published: August 2020

The patient, 19 years old, a girl, was admitted to the Surgical Department of the Institute on December 9, 1891. 12 years ago, by chance, while dressing up as a mother, the patient was noticed in the latter a swelling in both groins the size of a pigeon's egg.
About hydrastinin
Authors: Brandt A.
Published: August 2020

At the suggestion of prof. Lhlein's author experimented at the Giessen clinic with Hydrastininum muriaticum. This drug was offered to patients or by mouth in the form of gelatin capsules, the size of a decent pill, containing 0.025 Hydrast. muriat., or under the skin in the form of a sterilized solution containing 0.025-0.1 of this agent. When applying this agent inside or under the skin, the author did not observe any side effects. The functions of the gastrointestinal canal were not disturbed, there were no abscesses at the injection site.
To the treatment of miscarriages
Authors: Fisher A.
Published: August 2020

The number of observed miscarriages is 60; 8 of them had a fever (38-41 ) before admission to the author's use, and one patient died 2 hours later after the decomposition of the decomposed ovum (septic peritonitis) was removed from the uterus. The remaining 52 cases gave 3.7% morbidity and 0 mortality.
A case of uterine rupture during childbirth due to head dropsy of the fetus. Recovery
Authors: Krasnopolskiy F.
Published: August 2020

Having made a brief review of uterine ruptures during pregnancy and childbirth, both voluntary and traumatic, the author describes a case of rupture that was under his supervision, the interest of which is that the rupture occurred spontaneously in the early period of labor, without previous threatening symptoms and ended in recovery with conservative treatment.
Complications of the postpartum period by excessive accumulation of gases in the intestines due to the retraction of the intestines in the Douglas space
Authors: Krasnopolskiy F.
Published: August 2020

In a 22-year-old woman, after a normally proceeding childbirth, on the 3rd day of a normally proceeding postpartum period, rapidly progressive abdominal distention began to be found; 11/2 tablespoons of castor oil are given; indulgence did not come. On the 4th day, the size of the abdomen corresponded to the end of pregnancy; the stomach is painless; attempts to insert the probe into the rectum did not reach the goal: at a known insignificant height, the probe encountered an insurmountable obstacle. On the 5th day, the swelling progressed with good general condition, T 37.0-37.5, P 80 per minute.
To the question of the ethiology and therapy of ureterovaginal fistulas
Authors: Ruzi D.
Published: August 2020

The causes of uretero-vaginal fistulas can be not only various obstetric operations, but also some and gynecological; Among the latter, the first place is occupied by vaginal extirpation of the uterus affected by cancer.
On operations with already developed uterine cancer
Authors: Brandt A.
Published: August 2020

According to the author, in contrast to the existing opinion that the parts affected by cancer can only be thoroughly removed if the neoplasm is limited only to the uterus and does not move to the adjacent parts, the possibility of radically operating even in cases where the disease has spread to a greater or lesser extent is not excluded. the surrounding uterus tissue.
Analysis of the COVID-19 epidemic: an additional narrative; an alternative response
Authors: Rennebohm Robert
Published: August 2020

According to the current prevailing narrative, the virus responsible for the COVID epidemic is exceptionally deadly and contagious possibly as deadly, contagious and dangerous as the 1918 Spanish flu and, in the absence of prolonged lockdown measures, has had the potential to kill a million or more people in the USA alone. At the other end of the explanatory spectrum a counter narrative has greatly minimized the threat posed by COVID and sees little need for major public health intervention or social change. A disciplined scientific analysis suggests an additional narrative that navigates a reasonable path between fear driven prescriptions and dismissive reassurance. This middle ground narrative suggests that the intrinsic deadliness of the COVID virus is above average when compared to many of the seasonal flu viruses of the past decade, but similar to that of the 20172018 flu virus, which killed an estimated 61,000 people in the USA. It also emphasizes that the intrinsic deadliness of many current social arrangements has contributed to COVID deaths and that there is need for major social change. This article suggests that neither the narrative of fear that prescribes excessive social control, or a narrative of dismissive reassurance that disregards need for fundamental social change, are based on good science. The article raises concerns that the prolonged lockdown/re-lockdown approach is misguided and likely to cause an enormous number of unnecessary deaths both a greater number of cumulative COVID deaths, as well as deaths of despair, deaths from worsening poverty and hunger, and deaths from inadequate attention for non-COVID health issues, particularly in disadvantaged communities and countries. An alternative response to the COVID epidemic is presented.
Role of extracellular vesicles in nephrology. Prospective use in therapy of kidneys and urinary tract diseases
Authors: Vashchenko Vladimir I. , Shabanov Petr D.
Published: August 2020

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent heterogeneous population of the microparticles liberated by almost all live cages which are widely investigated recently in various biological and medical areas. They usually consist of two basic types (exosomes and microvesicles) and recently draw the increasing attention in quality mesenges of the cellular alarm system. Really, these vesicles can influence on cages-recipients, transferring and delivering difficult complexes of biomolecules (the lipids, proteins, coagulation factors, antigene, nucleinic acids), protected from enzymatic to degradation in environment. Importance EVs has been shown in pathophysiology several bodies, in particular, in kidneys where various types of cages нефрона allocate EVs which mediate their communication with underlaying cages urinogenous ways. By numerous researches it is established that EVs are involved in cellular communications during the regenerative and pathological processes occurring in a kidney. During the last years also it has been proved that vesicles play an important role in normal physiology of kidneys. Though many mechanisms EVs at illnesses are still studied insufficiently, in particular, in kidneys, opening of a role of additional mechanisms can help to throw light on the biological processes proceeding in kidneys. Eventually, extracellular vesicles, allocated with nephritic cages, collect in urine, becoming, thus, the big resource as markers of illnesses urinogenous a path and the perspective noninvasive diagnostic tool at nephritic illnesses. In the present review we discuss the latest data about a role EVs in pathophysiology of kidneys and their potential prospects in diagnostics and therapy of nephritic illness.