bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pet-Saúde em extensão como instrumento de sustentabilidade do enlace ensino-serviçocomunidade”: um relato de experiência dos discentes extensionistas de odontologia
Authors: Chaves Ramos Thayse Mayra , De Souza Coelho Alexandra Beatriz , De Oliveria Valeria , Miluska Suca Salas Mabel
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: o objetivo foi relatar a experiência das vivências de estudantes de Odontologia que participam deum projeto de extensão realizado na atenção básica. Metodologia: o projeto foi desenvolvido na Estratégiade Saúde da Família Santa Helena I na cidade de Governador Valadares-MG que atende em média 2.500habitantes, contendo como a participação de duas acadêmicas do curso de Odontologia e o apoio tutorial dedocentes da Universidade Federal de Juiz Fora campus Governador Valadares e da cirurgiã-dentista da ESF.As atividades foram realizadas visando atender as demandas dos usuários e do serviço que incluíram açõeseducativas e preventivas em sala de espera, visitas domiciliares, grupos operativos e programa de saúdecom escolares, nos quais foram explanados temas a respeito de diversas doenças crônicas. Resultados: pormeio das ações de promoção de saúde a visão discente sobre as condições de saúde e de vida da populaçãoda área de abrangência foi expandida, permitindo associar a teoria à prática e conhecer a importância docontexto no processo saúde doença. As atividades nas escolas visando à prevenção de doenças bucais permitiram o envolvimento direto com as atividades parte do programa de saúde escolar. Atividades em grupos operativos foram realizadas juntamente com os profissionais do Nasf, o que possibilitou a transmissão de conhecimentos. Conclusão: a participação no projeto de extensão do Pet-Saúde proporcionou as discentes uma experiência diferenciada no cenário de ensino-aprendizagem, tendo exemplos práticos da atuação na Atenção Primária de diversos profissionais da saúde.
Oral lesions detected during a population screening for prevention and early diagnosis of oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders
Authors: Tomo Saygo , Armelin Angela Maria Laurindo , Hernandes Ana Carolina Punhagui , Miyahara Glauco Issamu , Marques Taís Cristina Nascimento , Simonato Luciana Estevam
Published: October 2020

Objective: In this paper, we describe the results of an oral cancer prevention campaign for early detecting and diagnosing oral cancer and potentially malignant disorder. Subjects and method: The population screening was performed in one day in which population was recruited by local mass media communication means. Patients with suspicious lesions were referred for final diagnosis with a specialist in oral medicine andpathology. Results: Of 1.282 patients screened, 104 were referred for specialized care and 94 attended forfinal diagnosis. Of those, only one (1.06%) patient was diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma and25 (26.5%) with oral potentially malignant disorders, while the diagnosis rates for benign conditions andnormality variations were, respectively, 78.7% and 32.9%. Conclusion: These results suggest low awarenessregarding oral cancer within this population, flaws in the knowledge regarding oral cancer by dentists, andthe need for improvements in the access to the at-risk population for oral cancer.
Morphometric characteristics and hydrological dynamics in micro-basins with different land uses of cerrado soils in Mato Grosso
Authors: Magalhães Wellington Azambuja , Amorim Ricardo Santos Silva , Hunter Maria O’Healy , Bocuti Edwaldo Dias , Santos Tulio Gonçalves dos
Published: October 2020

Understanding the hydrologic regime, and monitoring runoff at the micro-basin scale is critical for understanding water availability, and for managing water resources in strategic biomes such as the cerrado. The objective of this research is to evaluate morphometric characteristics and the hydrologic regime and determine their relationships with soil characteristics and typical land-use in the cerrado biome. To reach this objective morphometric characterization, runoff and precipitation monitoring, and determination of the water retention curve were conducted in three micro-basins in the municipality of Campo Verde, Mato Grosso. These micro-basins each have a different, but regionally typical land-use and were selected strategically to represent this area of cerrado: agriculture, pasture and native vegetation. The results obtained allow for the analysis of the hydrologic regime throughout the period measured. Micro-basins with native vegetation and pasture, with greater altimetric range and more sandy soils, show greater erosion. Despite this, the micro-basin with pasture cover showed greater regulation of runoff. The micro-basin with agriculture showed less regularization of water flux due to the physical characteristics of the local soils.
Identification of Polymorphisms of Gene CSN2 of B Casein in Greek Cow Breeds (Holstein) by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism
Authors: Vougiouklaki Despina , Antonopoulos Dionysios , Allexeli Stella , Houhoula Dimitra
Published: October 2020

The research focused to detect and identify genetic polymorphisms in exon 7 of the β-casein CSN2 gene in blood samples from Greek Holstein cows. For this purpose, DNA was extracted from 120 blood samples of cows. The desired region of exon 7 was amplified by PCR, resulting in a 121 bp product. The PCR product was digested by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. The results suggest that the A1A2 genotype prevails over the others. Specifically, of the 120 cattle, 72 showed triple bands of 121 bp, 86 bp, and 35 bp indicating the A1A2 genotype. The 42 cattle showed a single band at 121 bp, indicating that they carried the A1A1 genotype. The remaining 6 showed only two bands of 86 and 35 bps, indicating that they carried the A2A2 genotype. In the total population of heterozygotes A1A2-0.60 were the most frequent, while homozygotes A2A2-0.06 were the least frequent ones. This suggests a slight superiority of allele A-0.65.
Comparison of Egg Quality Characteristics of Different Poultry Species
Authors: Wijedasa W. M. R. M. , Wickramasinghe Y. H. S. T. , Vidanarachchi J. K. , Himali S. M. C.
Published: October 2020

This study was conducted to compare external and internal quality attributes and some functional property parameters of eggs from five different poultry types/species namely, Sri Lankan village chicken & commercial chicken (Shaver brown), duck (Vigoa), quail (Japanese quail) and turkey (Turkey white). In addition, the impacts of cold storage (10 ºC), on commercial chicken eggs and Sri Lankan village chicken eggs, over a period of three weeks were evaluated. Yolk color, shape index, egg weigh and shell thickness values of the freshly laid eggs were significantly difference among the four species (P < 0.05). Yolk color of the village chicken egg was 7.30 which is significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of other species. Quail egg had the highest (P < 0.05) shape index value (80.90±0.01) and the lowest egg weight (9.47±5.64 g). Whereas, turkey egg had the lowest (P < 0.05) shape index value (69.20±0.02) and the highest egg weight (71.48±5.21 g). Village chicken eggs and quail eggs had significantly lower (P < 0.05) eggshell thickness than that of other poultry species. The lowest eggshell thickness (0.008±0.00 mm) was shown by quail eggs. Duck egg white had the highest (P < 0.05) viscosity and foam stability whereas, commercial egg had the lowest viscosity. Further, internal quality and functional quality traits from Sri Lankan village chicken eggs and Shaver brown eggs were decreased with the increasing storage period (3 weeks) at 10 ºC. Quail egg has the highest shape index and duck egg white has the highest viscosity and foam stability. Some of the egg quality traits are significantly affected by type/species of the bird and the storage time.
Market Design Considerations for Scarcity Pricing: A Stochastic Equilibrium Framework
Authors: Papavasiliou Anthony , Smeers Yves , d’Aertrycke Gauthier de Maere
Published: October 2020

Scarcity pricing is a mechanism for improving the valuation of reserve capacity in real-time electricity markets. The goal of scarcity pricing is to mitigate the missing money problem and enhance investment in flexible resources. The implementation of scarcity pricing is underway in a number of U.S. markets, including Texas and PJM. The implementation is also currently under consideration in Belgium. As the mechanism was originally conceived in the context of a U.S.-style two-settlement system, its implementation in a European setting poses a number of interesting market design dilemmas which can affect the back-propagation of scarcity prices to forward day-ahead markets for energy and reserve capacity. We propose a modeling framework for analyzing these market design choices based on stochastic equilibrium, and use this modeling framework in order to represent and analyze a wide range of market design proposals. We report results on a case study of the Belgian electricity market.
Over autonome auto’s, een bestuurderloze toekomst en nieuwe risico’s
Authors: Vellinga N.E.
Published: October 2020

Over autonome auto’s, een bestuurderloze toekomst en nieuwe risico’s

De komst van volledig zelfrijdende of autonome auto’s doet vele juridische vragen rijzen doordat zelfrijdende auto’s geen bestuurder hebben. Deze vragen rijzen onder meer ten aanzien van de toepassing van bepalingen van het RVV 1990 en de WVW 1994 die de bestuurder als normadressaat hebben. Daarnaast komen aspecten van cybersecurity aan bod in dit artikel. Er wordt in deze bijdrage onder meer een voorstel tot wijziging van artikel 6 WVW 1994 gedaan, om zo te voorzien in een bestuurderloze toekomst.
Viduriniosios kartos (gimusiųjų 1970-1984 m.) apsirūpinimo būstu galimybės Lietuvoje
Authors: Indriliūnaitė Rasa
Published: October 2020

Straipsnyje analizuojamos individualaus apsirūpinimo būstu galimybės Lietuvoje, apibrėžtos po nepriklausomybės atkūrimo šalyje susiformavusiu dualistinės būsto politikos modeliu, pasižyminčiu ribota valstybės atsakomybe už gyventojų būsto poreikius ir rinkos veikėjų kontroliuojamu privačiu būsto fondu. Daugeliui modernių būsto politikos sistemų pastaraisiais dešimtmečiais išgyvenant intensyvius kaitos procesus dėl finansinių krizių padarinių ir besitraukiančios gerovės valstybės keliamų iššūkių, tiek dualistinėse, tiek ir unitarinėse būsto sistemose stebimas augantis privataus būsto sektorius, mažėjanti valstybės parama būstui. Struktūriniai darbo rinkos kaitos, taip pat demografinės struktūros pokyčiai lemia sudėtingėjantį jaunesniųjų kartų atstovų apsirūpinimą būstu. Tyrėjai sutinka, kad vyresniosios generacijos būsto sektoriuje buvo labiau privilegijuotos, savo laiku turėdamos geresnes apsirūpinimo būstu galimybes. Straipsnyje siekiama atskleisti viduriniosios kartos (gimusiųjų 1970-1984 m.) atstovų galimybių kontekstą apsirūpinant būstu Lietuvoje. Šią kartą verta išskirti, kaip atskirą kohortą ir dėl menko tyrėjų dėmesio, ir dėl aktyviuoju šeiminio gyvenimo periodu jos patirtos sparčios visuomenės kaitos bei struktūrinių ekonominių ir politinių, tame tarpe ir būsto politikos pokyčių sąlygų, kurios skiria ją nuo vyresniųjų, gyvenusių sovietinės būsto aprūpinimo sistemos aplinkoje ir jauniausiųjų kartų – socializuotų liberalios ekonomikos ir dominuojančios privačios būsto nuosavybės sąlygomis.
Is Levinas a Platonist?
Authors: Roux Sylvain ,   Romanian Society for Phenomenology
Published: October 2020

Levinas’ relationship to Platonism is ambiguous. In Totality and Infinity, indeed, references to Plato’s writings are multiple and Levinas depicts Plato as following two diverging paths. On the one hand, Levinas considers Plato’s writings to be works that consecrate the primacy of identity over difference, of the Same over the Other. On the other hand, Platonism is presented as a philosophy of absolute transcendence due to its refusal to make the Good a simple ontological principle and to its attempt to free the Good from all forms of totality. The present study aims to show that, although Levinas criticizes the first path taken by Plato, he conceives of himself as partially in line with Plato’s philosophy of absolute transcendence, albeit in a paradoxical form. In this way, Levinas understands the meaning of the Platonic approach in an original way.
La Paideia phenomenologique entre Husserl et Fink
Authors: Rokoee Reza ,   Romanian Society for Phenomenology
Published: October 2020

The question of Paideia analysed in Jaeger’s pioneering study may be linked to Husserl’s question of the formation of the monadic self, intersubjectivity and the foundation of the community of human beings. Husserl’s phenomenological education manifests itself in the formation of an ego and a phenomenological community. In addition, Fink, having close intellectual links with Husserl, undertakes an in-depth analysis of the question of educa­tion as a sublime model of the Greek city. In this paper we propose a comparative analysis about Paideia between Husserl’s late writings since his Cartesian Meditations, and Fink’s relevant works.
Quelle biodiversité urbaine est observée sur les espaces verts, les friches et les cimetières ? Une illustration à Grenoble
Authors: GEOFFROY David , FONTAINE Benoît , BESNARD Aurélien
Published: October 2020

L’urbanisation engendre des pressions croissantes sur la biodiversité et participe à la déconnexion des citadins avec la nature. Entre autres se pose, dans ce contexte, la question de la biodiversité existante dans les villes. Pour apporter des éléments de réponse, une recherche a été développée dans les espaces végétalisés de l’agglomération grenobloise en 2014 et 2015. Afin de mesurer comment les types d’espaces verts et leurs modes de gestion influent sur la biodiversité, des relevés naturalistes ont été effectués dans divers espaces gérés de façon plus ou moins intensive. L’abondance et la diversité des Papilionoidea et des Araignées à toiles ont été comparées entre parcs, friches et cimetières au sein de l’agglomération grenobloise. D’autre part, uniquement pour les Papilionoidea, la comparaison a porté sur des espaces verts de Grenoble soumis à quatre modes de gestion distincts. La richesse et l’abondance sont plus élevées dans les friches périurbaines, puis urbaines, que tous les autres types de sites urbains. Les modes de gestion des parcs et cimetières influent sur l’abondance et la diversité observées et créent une gradation qualitative de la biodiversité selon l’intensité de la gestion. Les espaces végétalisés de l’agglomération constituent donc, au sein d’une matrice peu accueillante, un ensemble de sites potentiellement favorables à la biodiversité. Des modes de gestion respectueux sont efficaces pour développer la biodiversité présente.
SERVIÇOS COMPRADOS EM ESPECIALIDADES, EXAMES DE MÉDIA E ALTA COMPLEXIDADES: UM ESTUDO DOS GASTOS PÚBLICOS E DEMANDAS REPRIMIDAS NO MUNICÍPIO DE BENTO GONÇALVES – RS
Authors: Piuco Daiane , Bonato Melissa , Rosa Darlan Pase da
Published: October 2020

O município de Bento Gonçalves é responsável financeiro e administrativo pela saúde pública local, a começar p atenção básica, média e alta complexidade, usufruindo de recursos do Ministério da Saúde, Governo do Estado e recursos próprios. O objetivo geral do estudo foi avaliar os gastos com especialidades e exames de média e alta complexidade oferecidos aos pacientes SUS, através de serviços comprados. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa. A análise realizou-se no período de outubro de 2018 até setembro de 2019, por meio da tabulação de dados obtida do sistema G-MUS e demandas reprimidas no município. Os resultados evidenciaram que os gastos mensais com especialistas chegam a R$ 167.286.24, sendo que deste valor, os exames que mais geram custos são as ressonâncias magnéticas em 30%, seguindo para ecocardiograma bidimensional em 11% e em terceiro lugar estão as colonoscopias e endoscopias em 10% do valor total. Através dos dados analisados, os gestores poderão utilizar os recursos com um melhor aproveitamento, reduzindo custos e demandas reprimidas.
The female characters in Branislav Nušić's and Stefan Kostov's selected comedies
Authors: Isić Đurđina
Published: October 2020

The paper presents the results of research that included comparative study of the place and role of female characters in selected and representative comedies by Serbian comedigrapher Branislav Nušić (eng. MP, Suspicious person, Mrs Minister, Bereaved family, Dr, Deceased; srb. Narodni poslanik, Sumnjivo lice, Ožalošćena porodica, Dr, Pokojnik, Vlast) and Bulgarian comedigrapher Stefan Kostov (eng. Gold mine, Golemanov, Grasshoppers, Nameless comedy; blg. Zlamnama mina, Golemanov, Skakalci, Komediâ bez ime) in order to find similarities and differences in the process of comedigraphic shaping of female characters in the work of these two authors. The subject of the research was viewed primarily from a literary-theoretical point of view, and the dominant methods of study were comparative and analytical-synthetic. During the research, there was a differentiation of female characters in accordance with their motivational structures, psychological assemblies and the nature of the place and the role they play in the social environment in which they are located. Therefore, we can distinguish female characters who live in the province and who are fully representative of the small-town spirit, female characters who live in the capital and are a symbol of the modern age and female characters who dwell in the capital, but in fact, deeply down still carry a small-town view of the world. The structure of this paper is in line with this distinction. Conclusions made at the end of the study show that the representation of female characters in analyzed comedies of both comedigaphers is highly similar in its nature.
To the question of replacing low efficient ecosystems in the subarctic tundra with highly efficient (on the example of aboveground phytomass in Northern Yakutia – Егiорhorum роlуstасhiоn and Arctophila fulva)
Authors: Matveeva Izabella Petrovna , Sal'va Andrei Mikhailovich
Published: October 2020

This article covers the history of scientific research of the Nizhnekolymsk tundra, conducted over the period from 1970 to 1987 by the employees of the Institute of Biology of the Yakut Branch of the Academy of Sciences of USSR (Yakutsk). The subject of this research is the biochemical composition of plants from the family of sedge and grass – Егiорhorum роlуstасhiоn and Arctophila fulva) as the most common communities. It was conducted in tundra pastures in the lower reaches of the Kolyma River for rational economic management. One of the largest state owned farms of Yakutia “Nizhnekolymsky” specializes in reindeer herding – the traditional activity of indigenous peoples, was located in this area. In the past, this area was referred to as Hallerchinskaya tundra; it covered low left bank of the Kolyma River from delta to the forest boundary on the south and Konakovsky uplands in the west. Within the limits of Hallerchinskaya lowland in the rural locality of Pohodsk was located the “Nizhnekolymsky” geobotanical station. The method of models developed by staff members of the Institute of Biology was applied in monitoring the formation of aftergrass and determination of productivity reserve, as well as in selection of quadrats in the subarctic tundra. The main conclusions consists in the statement that the use of the such method for determining the phytomass reserve allowed conducting a prolonged observation over aftergrass formation in the same quadrats, and thereby discerning the natural development process towards reduction or increase of the studied species.
Features of the interpretation of female images of W. Shakespeare's late play "The Winter's Tale" in Christopher Wheeldon's ballet of the same name
Authors: Khokhlova Daria
Published: October 2020

The subject of this article is K. Wheeldon's interpretation of the female images of Shakespeare's "Winter's Tale" in the context of its ideological and figurative identity to the literary source. The research is carried out in order to determine the expressive means and elements of choreographic vocabulary used by the choreographer in the production of female roles, as well as their contextual comparison with the text of the original source. In the course of the research, the author of the article, due to the versatility of the problem of interpreting W. Shakespeare's play on the ballet stage, used an integrated approach. The theoretical basis of the work was the principles of critical and semantic analysis of choreographic vocabulary developed by historians and theorists of ballet art (Dobrovolskaya, Krasovskaya, Slonimsky, Lopukhov, Surits). In the process of source analysis, English-language reviews of the world premiere of the ballet were reviewed (quotes from the articles are translated by the author), as well as video materials from the archives of the London Royal Opera House and the Moscow Bolshoi Theater. In addition, the included observation method was used (based on personal experience of working with Wheeldon as a performer of the Loss part in a Bolshoi Theater performance), accompanied by an analysis of rehearsal recordings for March вЂ“ April 2019, which are in the author's archive. So, the detailed semantic analysis of the composition and choreographic vocabulary of female images of Shakespeare's late play "The Winter's Tale", interpreted by Wheeldon in the ballet of the same name, carried out in this article, was the main tool in the development of the scientific problem posed. The new results of the study include a significant groundwork in the aspect of identifying classical and innovative artistic elements of the dance language developed and used by Wheeldon, which allowed us to draw the following conclusions. Conceptually starting from Shakespeare's text, the choreographer adapts the interpretation of female images to a certain extent, guided by the expressive potential of conventional ballet art. At the same time, in the production of female roles, individualized plastic interpretations of the heroines become the main means of expression.
Disciplina y capitalismo en la genealogía foucaultiana de la modernidad (1973-1975)
Authors: Chamorro Emmanuel
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this paper is to reconstruct Foucault’s reflections on the birth of modernity, paying particular attention to the role of capitalism and discipline within it. The thesis we will defend is that in Foucault’s work in the first half of the 1970s—especially between 1973 and 1975—both dimensions appear as two aspects of the same continuum, thus establishing a necessary link between them. This approach, which contests certain Marxist positions, attempts to reveal that the research on disciplinary power can be conceived as a complement, and not a correction, of the analyses deployed by Marx in Das Kapital.
A Theory of Indexical Shift
Authors: Deal Amy Rose
Published: October 2020

A comprehensive overview of the semantics and syntax of indexical shift that develops a constrained typology of the phenomenon across languages.

The phenomenon of indexical shift—whereby indexicals embedded in speech or attitude reports draw their meaning from an attitude event rather than the utterance context—has been reported in languages spanning five continents and at least ten language families. In this book, Amy Rose Deal offers a comprehensive overview of the semantics and syntax of indexical shift and develops a constrained typology of the phenomenon across languages—a picture of variation that is both rich enough to capture the known facts and restrictive enough to make predictions about currently unknown data points. Deal draws on studies of indexical shift in a broad range of languages, focusing especially on Nez Perce, Zazaki, Korean, and Uyghur.

Using new data from fieldwork, Deal presents an in-depth case study of indexical shift in the Nez Perce language, and uses this evidence to propose a novel theoretical approach based on the meaning and grammar of shifty operators. She explores several dimensions of variation related to indexical shift across and within languages, showing how the cross-linguistic patterns can be explained (and constrained) within the shifty operator view. Finally, she contrasts indexical shift with surface-similar phenomena, clarifying the controls needed to test the constrained typology on new data sets.
A larger target leads to faster evolution
Authors: Yang Bing , Rifkin Scott A
Published: October 2020

The speed at which a cell fate decision in nematode worms evolves is due to the number of genes that control the decision, rather than to a high mutation rate.
Ecological stoichiometry of plant leaves, litter and soils in a secondary forest on China’s Loess Plateau
Authors: Wang Zongfei , Zheng Fenli
Published: October 2020

Ecological stoichiometry can reveal nutrient cycles in soil and plant ecosystems and their interactions. However, the ecological stoichiometry characteristics of leaf-litter-soil system of dominant grasses, shrubs and trees are still unclear as are their intrinsic relationship during vegetation restoration. This study selected three dominant plant types of grasses (Imperata cylindrica (I. cylindrica) and Artemisiasacrorum (A.sacrorum)), shrubs (Sophora viciifolia (S. viciifolia) and Hippophae rhamnoides (H. rhamnoides)) and trees (Quercus liaotungensis (Q. liaotungensis) and Betula platyphylla (B. platyphylla)) in secondary forest areas of the Chinese Loess Plateau to investigate ecological stoichiometric characteristics and their intrinsic relationships in leaf-litter-soil systems. The results indicated that N concentration and N:P ratios in leaf and litter were highest in shrubland; leaf P concentration in grassland was highest and litter in forestland had the highest P concentration. Soil C, N and P concentrations were highest in forestland (P < 0.05) and declined with soil depth. Based on the theory that leaf N:P ratio indicates nutritional limitation of plant growth, this study concluded that grass and shrub growth was limited by N and P element, respectively, and forest growth was limited by both of N and P elements. The relationships between the N concentration in soil, leaf and litter was not significant (P >0.5), but the soil P concentration was significantly correlated with litter P concentration (P < 0.05). These finding enhance understanding of nutrient limitations in different plant communities during vegetation restoration and provide insights for better management of vegetation restoration.
Heparin-binding protein as a novel biomarker for sepsis-related acute kidney injury
Authors: Pajenda Sahra , Figurek Andreja , Wagner Ludwig , Gerges Daniela , Schmidt Alice , Herkner Harald , Winnicki Wolfgang
Published: October 2020

Background

Sepsis-related acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with high morbidity and mortality among patients. Underlying pathomechanisms include capillary leakage and fluid loss into the interstitial tissue and constant exposure to pathogens results in activation of inflammatory cascades, organ dysfunction and subsequently organ damage.

Methods

To identify novel factors that trigger sepsis-related acute kidney injury, plasma levels of Granzyme A, as representative of a lymphocyte-derived protease, and heparin-binding protein as indicator for neutrophil-derived mediators, were investigated retrospectively in 60 sepsis patients.

Results

While no association was found between plasma levels of lymphocyte-derived Granzyme A and the incidence of sepsis-related AKI, sepsis patients with AKI had significantly higher plasma levels of heparin-binding protein compared to those without AKI. This applies both to heparin-binding protein peak values (43.30 ±  23.34 vs. 30.25 ±  15.63 pg/mL;p = 0.005) as well as mean values (27.93 ±  14.39 vs. 22.02 ±  7.65 pg/mL;p = 0.021). Furthermore, a heparin-binding protein cut-off value of 23.89 pg/mL was established for AKI diagnosis.

Conclusion

This study identifies the neutrophil-derived heparin-binding protein as a valuable new biomarker for AKI in sepsis. Beyond the diagnostic perspective, this offers prospect for further research on pathogenesis of AKI and novel therapeutic approaches.
Teaching Algebraic Word Problems through Constructivism: The Real Classroom Evidence
Authors: Boadi Augustine , Acquandoh Emmanuel , Adams Alfred Kofi , Kpai Henry , Atteh Evans
Published: October 2020

Aim: Due to constant effort by educators to find lasting solution to student’s poor performance in classrooms, there is the need to elaborate on the systematic processes that can be adopted and employed in mathematics classroom when teaching algebraic word problems to bring about meaningful learning in improving performance. Therefore, the study gathered data and analyzed it in the end to find out the effect of teaching through constructivism.

Study Design: Action research design was used for the study.

Methodology: The main instrument used for the study was test items (pre-test and post-test). The sample size for the study comprised of forty-six (46) students of which nineteen (19) were female students, and twenty-seven (27) were male students.

Results: In the pre–test (see Table 1), forty- two (42) out of the forty- six (46) students scored marks which are either less than half or half of the 30 marks for the test representing 91.3% of the total number of students as compared to the frequency distribution of the post – test scores (Table 2), where out of the forty six (46) students who took part in the test, thirty-eight (38) of them obtained more than half of the total mark of 30 for the test representing 82.7% of the total students number.

Conclusion: The findings from the results of the study confirmed that the use of constructivist approach of teaching and learning will assist the students to have the opportunity of using their own experience to create their conceptual understanding (ability and capability), which will consequently improve their academic performance. Therefore, it is recommended that regular professional development should be organized for mathematics teachers at all levels to refresh them on practical approaches to teaching mathematics through constructivism.
Targeted Nanotherapeutics for Respiratory Diseases: Cancer, Fibrosis, and Coronavirus
Authors: Majumder Joydeb , Minko Tamara
Published: October 2020

Systemic delivery of therapeutics for treatment of lung diseases has several limitations including poor organ distribution of delivered payload with relatively low accumulation of active substances in the lungs and severe adverse side effects. In contrast, nanocarrier based therapeutics provide a broad range of opportunities due to their ability to encapsulate substances with different aqueous solubility, transport distinct types of cargo, target therapeutics specifically to the deceased organ, cell, or cellular organelle limiting adverse side effects and increasing the efficacy of therapy. Moreover, many nanotherapeutics can be delivered by inhalation locally to the lungs avoiding systemic circulation. In addition, nanoscale based delivery systems can be multifunctional, simultaneously carrying out several tasks including diagnostics, treatment and suppression of cellular resistance to the treatment. Nanoscale delivery systems improve the clinical efficacy of conventional therapeutics allowing new approaches for the treatment of respiratory diseases which are difficult to treat or possess intrinsic or acquired resistance to treatment. The present review summarizes recent advances in the development of nanocarrier based therapeutics for local and targeted delivery of drugs, nucleic acids and imaging agents for diagnostics and treatment of various diseases such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, and coronavirus.
Association Between Emergency Medicine Clerkship Diversity Scholarships and Residency Diversity
Authors: Duong David K. , Samuels Elizabeth A. , Boatright Dowin , Wilson Taneisha
Published: October 2020

Objective

To improve resident diversity, emergency medicine (EM) residencies across the United States have implemented financial scholarships to attract visiting medical students underrepresented in medicine (URiM). The impact of these scholarships on changes in residency racial and ethnic diversity is currently unknown. In this study, we describe characteristics of these visiting elective scholarships for underrepresented students and evaluate changes in residency racial and ethnic diversity after program implementation.

Methods

From 2018 to 2019, we conducted a cross‐sectional survey of EM residency programs with a visiting clerkship rotation scholarship for medical students URiM. Programs were identified for study inclusion using the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine’s online directory of Visiting Elective Scholarship Programs for Underrepresented Minorities. Program characteristics were analyzed descriptively. Changes in residency racial and ethnic diversity were evaluated using an interrupted time series analysis.

Results

Of 34 programs contacted, 20 responded. While there was some variability in funding sources, scholarship amounts, and application review, most scholarships were similar in implementation practices. Of the 20 program respondents, nine were able to provide complete data on residency race and ethnicity and were included in the time series analysis. After program implementation, the time series analysis showed a significant increase in both underrepresented minority EM residents overall and Black and Latinx EM residents in particular.

Conclusion

Emergency medicine visiting clerkship scholarship programs for medical students URiM vary in funding type and application review but had similar implementation practices. Residency programs increased their racial and ethnic diversity after program implementation. Future investigations are needed to determine specific factors contributing to the successful implementation of scholarship programs.
Earlier detection of hypochondroplasia: A large single‐center UK case series and systematic review
Authors: Sabir Ataf H. , Sheikh Jameela , Singh Ananya , Morley Elizabeth , Cocca Alessandra , Cheung Moira S. , Irving Melita
Published: October 2020

Hypochondroplasia (HCH) is a rare autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia condition caused by FGFR3 mutations leading to disproportionate short stature. Classically HCH presents in toddlers or school‐age children, as limb‐to‐trunk disproportion and is often mild and easily overlooked during infancy. We report experiences from a single‐center UK HCH‐cohort of 31 patients, the rate of antenatal HCH detection in our cohort (13/31, 41.9%) and describe relevant case‐data for this subset of 13 patients. Inclusion criteria were patients with confirmed molecular HCH diagnosis (by age 3 years) and presenting with short long‐bones or large head size on antenatal ultrasound scan. We then conducted a systematic literature review using PUBMED and MEDLINE, analyzing patients with HCH and related antenatal findings. Antenatally suspected (with subsequent molecular confirmation) HCH has been reported 15 times in the literature (2004–2019). Key markers (consistent in both groups) included reduced; femur length, humeral length and increased; biparietal diameter and head circumference. HCH is increasingly detected both antenatally and in infancy, contrary to previous descriptions. This is likely due to greater HCH awareness, improved imaging, and easier molecular testing. Thus, one should consider HCH outside the classical presenting period. Studying the natural history of younger patients with HCH is important with the advent of several targeted FGFR3 therapies currently in trials for Achondroplasia, that may soon be trialed in HCH.
Full‐scale evaluation of critical control points and monitors at a reuse facility
Authors: Walker Troy , Boyle Nathan , Stanford Benjamin D , Owen Christine , Biscardi Paul G.
Published: October 2020

The hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) process is being widely adopted as a design, control, and operational methodology to maintain the reliability of delivering water quality that is safe for public health. This study applied the HACCP methodology to identify and assess the reliability of critical control points and critical monitors to manage acute and chronic health risks in potable reuse treatment trains. Specifically, a failure analysis was performed for full‐scale ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis critical control points to determine the reliability of critical monitors and their associated impacts on finished water quality. The results supported the use of ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis membranes as critical control points in potable reuse and identified the sensitivities of both current and emerging critical monitoring parameters, including turbidity, total organic carbon, ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm, conductivity, fluorescence, calcium, sulfate, sucralose, and pressure decay tests.
Identification of a 9‐gene prognostic signature for breast cancer
Authors: Tian Zelin , Tang Jianing , Liao Xing , Yang Qian , Wu Yumin , Wu Gaosong
Published: October 2020

Breast cancer (BRCA) is the most common cancer among women and is the second leading cause of cancer death in women. In this study, we developed a 9‐gene prognostic signature to predict the prognosis of patients with BRCA. GSE20685, GSE42568, GSE20711, and GSE88770 were used as training sets. The Kaplan–Meier plot was constructed to assess survival differences and log‐rank test was performed to evaluate the statistical significance. The overall survival (OS) of patients in the low‐risk group was significantly higher than that in the high‐risk group. ROC analysis indicated that this 9‐gene signature shows good diagnostic efficiency both in OS and disease‐free survival (DFS). The 9‐gene signature was further validated through GSE16446, GSE7390, and TCGA‐BRCA datasets. We also established a nomogram that integrates clinicopathological features and 9‐gene signature. The analysis of the calibration plot showed that the nomogram has good prognostic performance. More convincingly, real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) results indicated that the protective prognostic factors in BRCA patients were downregulated, whereas the dangerous prognostic factors were upregulated. The innovation of this article is not only constructing a prognostic gene signature, but also combining with clinical information to further establish a nomogram to better predict the survival probability of patients. It is worth mentioning that this signature also does not depend on other clinical factors or variables.
Electronic modulation and interface engineering of electrospun nanomaterials‐based electrocatalysts toward water splitting
Authors: Song Wei , Li Meixuan , Wang Ce , Lu Xiaofeng
Published: October 2020

Nowdays, electrocatalytic water splitting has been regarded as one of the most efficient means to approach the urgent energy crisis and environmental issues. However, to speed up the electrocatalytic conversion efficiency of their half reactions including hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), electrocatalysts are usually essential to reduce their kinetic energy barriers. Electrospun nanomaterials possess a unique one‐dimensional structure for outstanding electron and mass transportation, large specific surface area, and the possibilities of flexibility with the porous feature, which are good candidates as efficient electrocatalysts for water splitting. In this review, we focus on the recent research progress on the electrospun nanomaterials‐based electrocatalysts for HER, OER, and overall water splitting reaction. Specifically, the insights of the influence of the electronic modulation and interface engineering of these electrocatalysts on their electrocatalytic activities will be deeply discussed and highlighted. Furthermore, the challenges and development opportunities of the electrospun nanomaterials‐based electrocatalysts for water splitting are featured. Based on the achievements of the significantly enhanced performance from the electronic modulation and interface engineering of these electrocatalysts, full utilization of these materials for practical energy conversion is anticipated.
Reduced cardiac function is associated with cardiac injury and mortality risk in hospitalized COVID‐19 Patients
Authors: Chen Lu Q. , Burdowski Joseph , Marfatia Ravi , Weber Jonathan , Gliganic Kathleen , Diaz Nancy , Ramjattan Neiman , Zheng Haoyi , Mihalatos Dennis , Wang Lin , Barasch Eddy , Leung Amanda , Gopal Aasha , Craft Jason , Ren Xiaoli , Stergiopoulos Kathleen , Jeremias Allen , Petrossian George , Robinson Newell , Levine Joseph , Shlofmitz Richard A. , Gulotta Ronald J. , Muehlbauer Stefan M. , Lucore Charles L. , Cao J. Jane
Published: October 2020

Background

Cardiac injury is common in COVID‐19 patients and is associated with increased mortality. However, it remains unclear if reduced cardiac function is associated with cardiac injury, and additionally if mortality risk is increased among those with reduced cardiac function in COVID‐19 patients.

Hypothesis

The aim of this study was to assess cardiac function among COVID‐19 patients with and without biomarkers of cardiac injury and to determine the mortality risk associated with reduced cardiac function.

Methods/Results

This retrospective cohort study analyzed 143 consecutive COVID‐19 patients who had an echocardiogram during hospitalization between March 1, 2020 and May 5, 2020. The mean age was 67 ± 16 years. Cardiac troponin‐I was available in 131 patients and an increased value (>0.03 ng/dL) was found in 59 patients (45%). Reduced cardiac function, which included reduced left or right ventricular systolic function, was found in 40 patients (28%). Reduced cardiac function was found in 18% of patients without troponin‐I elevation, 42% with mild troponin increase (0.04‐5.00 ng/dL) and 67% with significant troponin increase (>5 ng/dL). Reduced cardiac function was also present in more than half of the patients on mechanical ventilation or those deceased. The in‐hospital mortality of this cohort was 28% (N = 40). Using logistic regression analysis, we found that reduced cardiac function was associated with increased mortality with adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 2.65 (1.18 to 5.96).

Conclusions

Reduced cardiac function is highly prevalent among hospitalized COVID‐19 patients with biomarkers of myocardial injury and is independently associated with mortality.
Electroporation technique for joint pain – Pilot feasibility study on TMD patients
Authors: Tartaglia Gianluca Martino , Gizdulich Andrea , Farronato Marco , Gupta Rishi Jay , Connelly Stephen Thaddeus
Published: October 2020

Objective(s)

It is well appreciated that traditional analgesic delivery routes used to treat pain associated with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) often have harmful unintended side effects as a consequence of systemic distribution. Further, localized delivery of analgesic medication via intra‐articular injections involves a different set of issues limiting their clinical viability. As an option, transdermal analgesic delivery provides for prolonged pain relief and flexibility in dose administration, while limiting systemic exposure and minimizing adverse events. Incorporation of a novel electroporation technique may further increase transdermal drug penetration into synovial tissue/fluid and enhance pain reduction. The present feasibility study compares the effectiveness of an electroporation‐enhanced transdermal application of diclofenac sodium to a conventional intra‐articular injection of triamcinolone acetonide suspension (corticosteroids) to treat patients with TMD associated pain.

Methods

Pre‐ and post‐treatment maximal incisal mouth opening (MIO), pain visual analog scale (VAS) and surface electromyography (EMG) of 22 patients treated with electroporation‐enhanced diclofenac and 37 patients treated with corticosteroids injections were collected and analyzed.

Results

In general, patients treated with electroporation exhibited better results in terms of pain improvement (corrected p‐value = .01) compared to the standard treatment, but both methods were similarly effective for improvement of MIO (corrected p‐value = .71) and improvement of all EMG indices (corrected p‐values ≥ .05).

Conclusion

The enhancing effect of electroporation in transdermal delivery of diclofenac sodium was demonstrated by decreased pain, increase MIO and EMG improvement to normal values. Its analgesic and inflammatory results are comparable with standard treatment offered by corticosteroids.
Sigma‐1 receptor antagonist (BD‐1063) potentiates the antinociceptive effect of quercetin in neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury
Authors: Espinosa‐Juárez Josué Vidal , Jaramillo‐Morales Osmar Antonio , Déciga‐Campos Myrna , Moreno‐Rocha Luis Alfonso , López‐Muñoz Francisco Javier
Published: October 2020

Neuropathic pain is characterized by the presence of hyperalgesia and allodynia. Pharmacological treatments include the use of antiepileptics such as pregabalin or gabapentin, as well as antidepressants; however, given the role of the sigma‐1 receptor in the generation and maintenance of pain, it has been suggested that sigma‐1 receptor antagonists may be effective. There are also other alternatives that have been explored, such as the use of flavonoids such as quercetin. Due to the relevance of drug combinations in therapeutics, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the combination of BD‐1063 with quercetin in a chronic sciatic nerve constriction model using the “Surface of Synergistic Interaction” analysis method. The combination had preferable additive or synergistic effects, with BD‐1063 (17.8 mg/kg) + QUER (5.6 mg/kg) showing the best antinociceptive effects. The required doses were also lower than those used individually to obtain the same level of effect. Our results provide the first evidence that the combination of a sigma‐1 receptor antagonist and the flavonoid quercetin may be useful in the treatment of nociceptive behaviors associated with neuropathic pain, suggesting a new therapeutic alternative for this type of pain.
Leaf shape in Populus tremula is a complex, omnigenic trait
Authors: Mähler Niklas , Schiffthaler Bastian , Robinson Kathryn M. , Terebieniec Barbara K. , Vučak Matej , Mannapperuma Chanaka , Bailey Mark E. S. , Jansson Stefan , Hvidsten Torgeir R. , Street Nathaniel R.
Published: October 2020

Leaf shape is a defining feature of how we recognize and classify plant species. Although there is extensive variation in leaf shape within many species, few studies have disentangled the underlying genetic architecture. We characterized the genetic architecture of leaf shape variation in Eurasian aspen (Populus tremula L.) by performing genome‐wide association study (GWAS) for physiognomy traits. To ascertain the roles of identified GWAS candidate genes within the leaf development transcriptional program, we generated RNA‐Seq data that we used to perform gene co‐expression network analyses from a developmental series, which is publicly available within the PlantGenIE resource. We additionally used existing gene expression measurements across the population to analyze GWAS candidate genes in the context of a population‐wide co‐expression network and to identify genes that were differentially expressed between groups of individuals with contrasting leaf shapes. These data were integrated with expression GWAS (eQTL) results to define a set of candidate genes associated with leaf shape variation. Our results identified no clear adaptive link to leaf shape variation and indicate that leaf shape traits are genetically complex, likely determined by numerous small‐effect variations in gene expression. Genes associated with shape variation were peripheral within the population‐wide co‐expression network, were not highly connected within the leaf development co‐expression network, and exhibited signatures of relaxed selection. As such, our results are consistent with the omnigenic model.