bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Fenestration and Tunnel Method” a Modification for the Holmium Laser Transurethral Prostatectomy of Large-Volume Prostates >80 ml: A Retrospective Study Based on 1-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Tao Yu-Cheng , Wei Zi-Wei , Chen Qi , Chen Yan-Bo , Gu Meng , Wang Zhong
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study was to promote the holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) technology for large-volume prostates (>80 ml) and compare it with the traditional method, we modified the technique and applied this technology to clinical practice. A retrospective study comprising 118 patients who underwent HoLEP surgery from February 2018 to December 2019 was conducted in our center. Group A consisted of 57 patients with large-volume prostate (>80 ml) who received modified “fenestration and tunnel method” from February 2019 till December 2019, while group B consisted of 61 patients who received the traditional trivalvular operation method from February 2018 to December 2018 for comparison. Control subjects are selected such that they match the cases concerning certain characteristics, and perioperative data, voiding outcomes, and complications were evaluated at 1- and 12-month follow-up. The international prostatic symptomatic score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL), and maximum flow rate (Qmax) at 1 month and 12 months were both significantly improved compared with the preoperative baseline, and no significant differences were found between Groups A and B. The mean enucleation time, operation time, catheter indwelling duration, and hemoglobin decrease during the operation of Group A showed superiority compared with Group B ( p<.05). The modified “fenestration and tunnel method” of HoLEP was statistically superior to the traditional trivalvular method in terms of the operation time, enucleation time, catheter indwelling duration, and hemoglobin decrease. For large-volume prostates (>80 ml), modified HoLEP was suggested to be a better treatment option.
Association of post-intervention pressure gradient with symptom-free at 6 months in idiopathic intracranial hypertension with venous sinus stenosis treated by stenting
Authors: Wang Sujie , Tong Xu , Li Xiaoqing , Liu Lian , Liu Zhenqiang , Mo Dapeng , Wang Yilong
Published: April 2022

Objective

This study aimed to identify the key factors that might affect the clinical outcome of patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and Venous sinus stenting (VSS).

Methods

We performed an analysis of a prospectively collected database of patients with IIH and VSS who underwent stenting. The trans-stenotic pressure gradient was measured before and after intervention. In additional, patients’ baseline characteristics, procedure details and clinical outcomes at 6-month follow-up (including changes in headache, visual impairment, papilledema, etc.) were recorded. The effects of post-intervention pressure gradient on symptom-free at 6 months were explored using logistic regression analysis, generalized additive model and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results

Of 101 patients included in this study, the median pressure gradient across stenosis decreased from 19 mmHg before intervention to 2 mmHg after intervention. At 6 months, symptom-free was observed in 58 cases (57.4%). Multivariable logistic analysis and generalized additive model showed that post-intervention pressure gradient (increased by 1 mmHg) was independently and linearly correlated with symptom-free (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.67–0.94). Moreover, the post-intervention pressure gradient revealed moderate discrimination with an area under ROC curve of 0.68 (95% CI = 0.57–0.78). Similar associations were observed for the disappearance of headache and papilledema, but not for the visual recovery.

Conclusion

The post-intervention pressure gradient may be a valid and reliable predictor of 6-month clinical outcome in patients with IIH and VSS treated by stenting. Nevertheless, external validation with blinded outcome is still needed to confirm its performance before clinical application.
Venous sinus stenting for the treatment of acute blindness in a patient with idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Monteiro Andre , Fritz Alexander G , Cappuzzo Justin M , Waqas Muhammad , Levy Elad I , Siddiqui Adnan H
Published: April 2022

We present a case of acute onset of blindness treated with venous sinus stenting in the hyperacute period (24–48 h). The patient had not been diagnosed previously with idiopathic intracranial hypertension and presented at an outside facility with a short history of headache, nausea, vomiting and visual deficits. Initial management included lumbar punctures for pressure relief. Unfortunately, the patient's condition deteriorated and she experienced the rapid onset of blindness. Within 24–48 h of blindness onset, she was transferred to our institution for emergent endovascular stenting of the venous sinuses. The intervention resulted in improvement of symptoms and recovery of visual acuity over a short-term follow-up period.
Comparison of microcatheter and pressure wire for venous sinus manometric evaluation of patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Wang Sujie , Tong Xu , Li Xiaoqing , Liu Lian , Liu Zhenqiang , Mo Dapeng , Wang Yilong
Published: April 2022

Background

Venous sinus manometry performed by microcatheter to assess candidacy for venous sinus stenting in patients with idiopathic cranial pressure (IIH) can be tiring, time-consuming and unreliable. Pressure wire is widely used to measure coronary pressure and evaluate coronary stenosis severity, but venous sinus manometry using the pressure guide wire has only been reported in one case, and few studies have examined the accuracy of this approach.

Objective

To compare venous manometry performed by microcatheter with by pressure wire under awake setting in patients with IIH.

Methods

The manometry results of 30 patients with IIH were recorded by Rebar-27 microcatheter and a pressure wire under awake setting. The mean venous pressures (MVPs) and trans-stenosis pressure gradients were obtained and compared between microcatheter and pressure wire. Paired t-test) were used to evaluate the data between the two groups.

Results

MVPs in superior sagittal sinus (SSS) and torcula were slightly higher with microcatheter, though without statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). MVPs in transverse sinus (TS) and sigmoid sinus (SS) were significantly higher with microcatheter (p < 0.05). Trans-stenotic pressure gradient with microcatheter was significantly higher than with pressure wire (p＜0.001).

Conclusions

Intracranial venous pressure measured with the microcatheter and pressure wire showed a moderate difference. Compared with the traditional microcatheter method，the pressure wire is safe, fast and effective method to identify the patient needing intervention.
Measurements and numerical simulations for cast temperature field and early-age thermal stress in zero blocks of high-strength concrete box girders
Authors: Zhang Pei , Xiong Huiting , Wang Runmin
Published: April 2022

The measurements and simulations using finite element software are carried out on the cast temperature field as well as the related thermal stress field in zero blocks of segmental high-strength concrete box girder. The thermodynamic parameters, to some extent dominating the effectiveness of the simulation, are determined carefully in terms of the statistical data, the empirical formulas as well as the measured data in an actual project, which leads to reliable simulation results by means of the finite element software. The comparison between the calculated and measured values of temperature field shows that the maximum error among all measuring points is only 1.71%. Meanwhile, the predicted directions of principal tensile stress coincide with the actual directions of the observed cracks well. Based on the above work, the common features of the cast temperature field caused by heat of hydration are obtained for this kind of structures. The relationships of the cast temperature field, the thermal stress, and the early-age cracks are discussed quantitatively in order to provide reasonable suggestions for temperature control and crack prevention in similar projects.
A review on the deeper understanding of inflammation and infection of the thoracic aorta
Authors: Cox Kofi , Sundaram Ritika Dilip , Popescu Mara , Pillai Kiran , Kermali Muhammed , Harky Amer
Published: April 2022

Objective

To review the current literature regarding infection and inflammation of the thoracic aorta and to summarise its aetiologies, pathogenesis and clinical presentation. Additionally, the authors sought to compare diagnostic methods and to analyse the different management options.

Method

A comprehensive electronic search using PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus and Google Scholar was conducted to find relevant journal articles with key search terms including: ‘aortitis’, ‘thoracic aortic infection’ and ‘surgical management of infected thoracic aortic aneurysms’. Prominent publications from 1995 till present (2021) were analysed to achieve a deeper understanding of thoracic aorta infection and inflammation, and the information was then collated to form this review.

Results

The literature review revealed that infectious causes are more prominent than non-infectious causes, with Gram positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus, Enterococcus and Streptococcus accounting for approximately 60% of the infections. The authors also noted that Staphylococcus Aureus was associated with poorer outcomes. Key diagnostic tools include MRI and multi-slice CT imaging, which are useful imaging modalities in defining the extent of the disease thus allowing for planning surgical intervention. Surgical intervention itself is extremely multifaceted and the rarity of the condition means no large-scale comparative research between all the management options exists. Until more large-scale comparative data becomes available to guide treatment, the optimal approach must be decided on a case-by-case basis, considering the benefits and drawback of each treatment option.

Conclusion

A high index of suspicion and a comprehensive history is required to effectively diagnose and manage infection and inflammation of the thoracic aorta. Differentiating between infectious and inflammatory cases is crucial for management planning, as infectious causes typically require antibiotics and surgical intervention. Over the years, the post treatment results have shown significant improvement due to earlier diagnosis, advancement in surgical options and increasingly specific microbial therapy.
Network Pharmacology Integrated with Molecular Docking Elucidates the Mechanism of Wuwei Yuganzi San for the Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Zhang Qunhui , Guo Yang , Zhang Dejun
Published: April 2022

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacological mechanism of Wuwei Yuganzi San (WYS) in treating coronary heart disease (CHD) using network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods: The main active components, related targets, and the target genes related to WYS were investigated by the databases Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology and related articles. Information on the target genes of CHD was acquired through the OMIM database and GeneCards database, and the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus DataSets (GSE71226) were used to acquire target genes of CHD. A Venn diagram was used to show the common targets of WYS and CHD. The compound-target-disease network was built up by Cytoscape 3.7.2, and the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was acquired through the STRING database. ClusterProfiler and Pathview packages in RStudio software were used to conduct gene ontology enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis to reveal the underlying mechanism. Finally, AutoDock Vina software was used to assess the binding affinity of significant ingredients and hub genes. Results: Thirty-four key ingredients of WYS in CHD were screened, which related to 59 targets in CHD. According to the results of enrichment analysis, 59 items in the biological process, 15 items in the molecular function, 10 items in the cellular component, and 52 signaling pathways were associated with efficacy. These processes and pathways were essential for cell survival and were related to several crucial factors of CHD, including a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17), aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2 (AKR1C2), albumin (ALB), protein kinase B (AKT1), and alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (ADH1C). Based on the outcomes of the PPI network, we selected ADAM17, AKR1C2, ALB, AKT1, ADH1C, and putative ingredients (sennoside D_qt, quercetin, and procyanidin B-5,3'- O-gallate) to perform molecular docking validation. From the molecular docking outcomes, some vital targets of CHD (including ADAM17, AKR1C2, ALB, AKT1, and ADH1C) could be related to form a stable combination with the putative ingredients of WYS. Conclusions: The network pharmacology and molecular docking study elucidated basically the mechanism of WYS in the treatment of CHD.
Clinical Problem-Solving: 72-Year-Old Woman With Multifocal Strokes and an Intracardiac Mass
Authors: Roy Alexis T. , Gheihman Galina , Berkowitz Aaron L.
Published: April 2022

We present the case of a 72-year-old female with multifocal strokes found to have multiple, mobile intracardiac masses. We discuss the differential diagnosis and evaluation of intracardiac masses, and the challenges in management of the ultimately diagnosed etiology of stroke in this patient.
Can algorithmic recruitment systems lawfully utilise automated decision-making in the EU?
Authors: Parviainen Henni
Published: April 2022

Algorithmic recruitment systems are emerging in the EU job market. Such systems could technically rely on AI and automated decision-making, but it is unclear whether it is lawful. In addition to other rules, the ambiguously worded GDPR Article 22 regulates automated decision-making. It remains unresolved whether the main rule in GDPR Article 22(1) grants applicants a right not to be subject to automated decisions or prohibits employers from making automated decisions. Further, it appears undetermined as to what counts as automated decision-making under GDPR Article 22(1) and whether the GDPR Article 22(2) exceptions to the main rule apply in a recruitment context. This article examines the legal boundaries set by GDPR Article 22(1) and (2) on the use of automated decision-making in algorithmic recruitment systems. The aim is to clarify whether employers in the EU are allowed to use algorithmic recruitment systems with automated decision-making capabilities. The examination indicates that, even if deemed a prohibition, GDPR Article 22 does not completely disallow such systems. Instead, the analysis suggests that automated decision-making could be allowed for recruitment under the contractual necessity exception of Article 22(2)(a), for instance, in a case where it would be impossible to go through the abundance of applications by hand in a reasonable time and manner. However, the explicit consent exception of Article 22(2)(c) would only apply in an extremely limited number of recruitment cases, if ever. Consequently, it seems that regardless of the rather strict legal boundaries, algorithmic recruitment systems could utilise automated decision-making in certain limited cases and after diligent assessments. Automated decision-making could be worthwhile, for example, in mass scale recruitment processes which could not reasonably be handled without automation.
Memory-based change management: Using the past to guide the future
Authors: Do Boram , Lyle Matthew C. B.
Published: April 2022

Scholars have suggested that individual change recipients affectively respond to change events but have yet to examine how change recipients’ memories influence those affective responses. Drawing from prior scholarship on memory, we propose that two theoretically distinct forms of memory – explicit and schematic – produce different forms of affective and behavioral responses when recipients process change events consciously or non-consciously. Given this proposed importance of memory to affective and behavioral responses, we then develop a stage model of memory-based change management, which we define as the managing of change recipients’ responses to change events through memory work. We theorize four discrete strategies – guided consolidating, schematic re-framing, contextual delimiting, and selective re-instating – that, based on recipients’ memory-based actions during particular stages of a change, would be likely to enhance positive affective responses and support for change. Plain Language Summary This paper explains how memories of organizational change influence affective and behavioral responses to ongoing change initiatives. We identify two types of memories related to change contexts: 1) abstracted, comprehensive schematic memory (i.e., “change is chaotic”) and 2) anecdotal, specific explicit memory (i.e., “I was demoted in a restructuring process last year”). We suggest that, when change events are highly ambiguous, schematic memories non-consciously influence employees’ general moods and a broad range of work behaviors which may or may not relate to the change (i.e., feeling unpleasant for an unknown reason and becoming less cooperative with coworkers than usual). When change events are less ambiguous, explicit memories play a larger role by eliciting discrete emotions triggering change-targeted behaviors (i.e., feeling angry at a change agent and confronting them about it). Since these responses are rooted in memory, we further suggest how change agents can manage affective and behavioral responses through four types of memory-based change management. We explain how during four stages of change – gestation, preparation, implementation, and aftermath – change agents can engage in guided consolidating (i.e., having recipients behaviorally engage in sharing positive experiences of change), schematic re-framing (i.e., framing a change as a continuation of past precedent), contextual delimiting (i.e., generalizing positive memories of change while isolating negative ones) and selective reinstating (i.e., having recipients selectively recall positive experiences in the recent change initiative), respectively. Our model complements existing studies focusing on the conscious, future-oriented processing of change events to provide an alternative view of change management.
Adenopathy and extensive skin patch overlying plasmacytoma syndrome—the clue to early diagnosis of polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes: A case series and literature review
Authors: Sanchez Elizabeth Guevara , Ramos César , Ratnarajah Kayadri , Bravo Francisco P , Del Solar Manuel A , Le Michelle , Netchiporouk Elena
Published: April 2022

Importance:

Adenopathy and extensive skin patch overlying plasmacytoma syndrome is a paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by a cutaneous vascular patch overlying a plasmacytoma and systemic manifestations. It is thought to be an early stage of polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes syndrome, which is a rare, but potentially fatal multisystemic disease that is associated with plasma cell dyscrasia. Thus, a high index of suspicion is required to identify patients with adenopathy and extensive skin patch overlying plasmacytoma as they may present with early polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes, which is curable if detected early.

Objective:

To report additional cases of adenopathy and extensive skin patch overlying plasmacytoma syndrome, describe dermatoscopic and histologic findings of the cutaneous patch and review all up to date literature on adenopathy and extensive skin patch overlying plasmacytoma syndrome.

Design:

Case series from a single tertiary care center.

Participants:

Here, we present the second case series of three patients with adenopathy and extensive skin patch overlying plasmacytoma syndrome who all meet the diagnostic criteria for polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes. The diagnosis was suspected based on the presence of the violaceous cutaneous patch along with symptoms of systemic involvement (fatigue, weight loss, weakness). Dermoscopy revealing regular dilated parallel capillaries was suggestive of a benign/reactive vascular process. Histopathology in all three cases showed reactive vascular proliferation with a characteristic 90° branching. To date only 20 cases of adenopathy and extensive skin patch overlying plasmacytoma have been published, including ours. All patients presented with cutaneous lesions (violaceous patch and others) and most, at least 15/20, met the diagnostic criteria for polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes. When clinical follow-up was reported, most patients had a favorable prognosis with partial or complete symptom resolution following treatment of the underlying plasmocytoma.
The historical approach to marketing and consumption: Contributions and research programmes
Authors: Gorge Helene , Galluzzo Anthony
Published: April 2022

The historical approach is too rarely used in our discipline, while it offers many advantages for marketing and consumer research. In particular, the historical approach offers the following contributions: (1) to grasp the density and discontinuities of consumption phenomena, which is necessary for the mobilisation of certain theoretical perspectives; (2) to challenge new theoretical proposals and instituted chronologies and (3) to feed managerial thought through the historicising of marketing and consumption issues and strategies. Based on these reflections and a review of the work in our discipline, we propose research programmes that deserve to be developed and enriched by the historical approach.
The postfeminist entrepreneurial self and the platformisation of labour: A case study of yesheng female lifestyle bloggers on Xiaohongshu
Authors: Guo Jia
Published: April 2022

Yesheng (野生), which literally translates to ‘wild growing’, is a Chinese internet term to describe social media creators who do not have contracts with multichannel network companies and operate their accounts independently. Drawing from in-depth interviews with eight current and former yesheng female lifestyle bloggers on the Chinese social media platform Xiaohongshu (小红书), this article examines gendered entrepreneurial labour in relation to the platformisation of Chinese digital networks through the case study. On the one hand, taking gender and class formation into account, I propose that yesheng female lifestyle bloggers showcase a kind of postfeminist entrepreneurialism with Chinese specificities, which is encouraged by the development of Chinese social media platforms and the wanghong economy. On the other hand, yesheng bloggers’ entrepreneurial labour is governed, regulated and commercialised by powerful social media platforms. Situated in a broader context of gender politics in contemporary China, this article demonstrates the complexities of gendered entrepreneurialism and the platformisation of labour from the perspective of feminist media studies.
Relational platform entrepreneurs: Live commerce and the 818 Jiazu
Authors: Lu Isabel Fangyi , Wang Lili
Published: April 2022

This paper explores the emerging platform entrepreneurship through an observational case study of one of the most prominent Kuaishou influencers, Xin Youzhi, and his 818 jiazu. Jiazus are influencer communities on Kuaishou, a Chinese livestreaming and e-commerce platform. Examining platform entrepreneurs through a relational lens, we illustrate the organisation and operation of the 818 jiazu and its interaction with the followers, the Kuaishou platform and the Chinese state. Identifying relations of mutuality, autonomy and domination, we find that 818 kiazu’s rise and fall manifest the relationality and contingency of entrepreneurial labours in the Chinese platform economy. We argue that Kuaishou jiazu can be understood as relational entrepreneurs who need new sociotechnical skills to navigate various relationships with the platform, users and state regulations. Our study contributes to understanding the organisation and practices of livestreamers by foregrounding the entrepreneurial agency of the influencer community.
#ShoutYourAbortion on Instagram: Exploring the Visual Representation of Hashtag Movement and the Public’s Responses
Authors: Kim Yunhwan , Lee Sunmi
Published: April 2022

The goal of the current study was to explore the visual representation of #ShoutYourAbortion hashtag movement on Instagram. The photos’ content and embedded texts in the photos were examined. And the photos were clustered using k-means clustering algorithm, and the resulting clustered were compared using the same criteria above. Photo features which shows the content- and pixel-level characteristics were extracted and used for comparison between clusters. The photo features were also used to examine their relationships with the public’s responses. It was found that text was the main type of content, and the texts presented in photos were mainly about stories told in first person point of view as a woman. The photos were grouped into two clusters, which differed in terms of content and photo features. And the public’s responses were found to be related to photo features. The results are expected to contribute to the understanding of hashtag movements via photos and making photos in hashtag movements more appealing to the public.
The Mood Repair Effect of Positive Involuntary Autobiographical Memory Among Japanese Adults: An Experimental Study
Authors: Hashimoto Junya , Kanayama Noriaki , Miyatani Makoto , Nakao Takashi
Published: April 2022

Involuntary autobiographical memories are memories of personal events that come to mind without an intentional attempt at retrieval. Previous studies have shown that positive involuntary autobiographical memory retrieval improves negative mood, known as the mood repair effect, in daily life. However, the cues relating to involuntary autobiographical memories were not controlled in these previous studies, and the mood repair effect has not been shown experimentally. Therefore, this study aimed to experimentally examine the mood repair effect of positive involuntary autobiographical memory among Japanese adults. After a pilot study to select cue words, we examined whether positive involuntary autobiographical memory retrieval could improve negative mood. As a result, mood improvement was enhanced by positive memory being recalled involuntarily, while mood improvement was shown with and without the retrieval of the positive involuntary autobiographical memory. Therefore, the mood repair effect by positive IAM was shown even after preventing the influence of the emotional valence of retrieval cues. From these results, the mood repair effect of positive involuntary autobiographical memory retrieval was experimentally demonstrated among Japanese adults.
Embodying Moral Space: Exploring a Care Ethical Constellation Tool for Moral Deliberation
Authors: Baur Vivianne , Breed Marieke , Visse Merel
Published: April 2022

This paper explores whether and how moral space, as the unfolding of an expressive-collaborative process, can be fostered in a way that engages embodied, affective experiences in relational practices of responsibility. A care ethical constellation is a tool that aims to shed light on relational needs and responsibilities as experienced by participants in an institutional context. We present the theoretical backgrounds of this tool. Then the use of the tool in an eldercare organization is reflected on through a hermeneutical phenomenological analysis. We answer the following questions: (1) How are identities, relationships, and values in this organizational context experienced, as elucidated by the care ethical constellation? (2) Can this care ethical constellation be considered a suitable tool to foster moral space? Our findings show how this tool brought to the fore previously hidden experiences of distance and power struggles between several groups in the organization. It also sheds light on values at stake: a longing for connection and a shared sense of humanness. In the Discussion we look through a lens of “precariousness” to rethink the experience of power struggle, and to deepen our insight into the “political” of a political care ethics. There is a reflection on valuable features, challenges, and requirements concerning this tool for fostering a moral space that productively works with political care ethics in organizations. By inviting participants to share embodied experiences and paying attention to the political hegemonies at play, this approach highlights the embodied dimensions of political care ethics.
The Role of Consumer’ Social Capital on Ethical Consumption and Consumer Happiness
Authors: Ruo-Fei Shi , Zeng Jing-Yun , Jin Chang-Hyun
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the components of consumer’ social capital which are social participation, social networking, and reciprocity and also analyzed how the social capitals possessed by consumers affect ethical consumption behaviors, and examine how ethical consumption behaviors affect consumer happiness. The samples were randomly extracted from a list of consumer panels registered with a multinational survey institute. Within the budget limit of this study, 2,000 persons were extracted considering the sample size. The main page of the questionnaire requested the subjects to answer to the question asking whether they had any experience in using ethical products or brands. Those who answered no were requested to quit answering the questionnaire. The total number of valid samples was 1,509. Social trust, social participation, and reciprocity, which are the components of social capitals, were found to have positive effects on eco-friendly ethical consumption behaviors, and social-economic-oriented ethical consumption behaviors. Eco-friendly and social-economic-oriented ethical consumption behaviors were found to affect consumer happiness. In additional analyses too, social capitals were found to affect the determination of consumer happiness to some extent. The findings of this study provide valuable information for the investigation of the causal relationships between the system of organization of the ethical consumption behaviors of consumers and the predisposing factors or outcomes of consumer happiness.
Mediatized Engagements with Technologies: “Reviewing” the Video Assistant Referee at the 2018 World Cup
Authors: d’Andréa Carlos , Stauff Markus
Published: April 2022

This article presents the implementation of the Video Assistant Referee (VAR) as an example of the increasingly layered mediatization of sports. We argue that, while integrated into the established broadcasting protocols, VAR becomes an object of explicit reflection and popular debate—and increasingly so, when football and its TV coverage are discussed on “technologies of engagement” like Twitter. Combining the concept of mediatization with insights from Science and Technology Studies, this article discusses how and why sports systematically contribute to what we call “mediatized engagements with technologies.” The combination of football’s “media manifold” comprising epistemic technologies, television, and social media with its knowledgeable and emotionally invested audience inevitably limits the “black-boxing” of a refereeing technology. Our case study analyses how fans, journalists, and others evaluate VAR in action on Twitter during the men’s 2018 FIFA World Cup. Based on a multilingual dataset, we show, among other examples, how the media event displays the technology as a historical innovation and analyze why even the allegedly “clear and obvious” cases of its application create controversies. In conclusion, the article discusses how the layered mediatization of sports, its partisanship, and ambivalent relationship with technologies stimulate engagement far beyond the fair refereeing issue.
The Career-Related Parental Involvement Scale: Development and Validation Among College Senior Emerging Adults in India and the U.S.
Authors: Alexander Achu Johnson , Lowe Katie
Published: April 2022

The senior year in college is a pivotal time for emerging adults as they plan and make career decisions for their post-college lives. During this challenging transition, parents may be a safeguard; however, little research identifies how parents are involved in their emerging adult’s career development. The present study examined career-related parental involvement (CRPI; for mothers and fathers separately) from the perspective of graduating seniors in India and the US to develop and validate a new CRPI scale. Participants (India n = 1544; US n = 247) completed the CRPI scale and other related measures. Findings suggest that the 20-item CRPI scale represents three dimensions of career involvement across cultures and parents: Support, Interference, and Disengagement. Results supported the scale’s convergent and concurrent validity (e.g., negative association between disengagement and parent-emerging adult relationships). Notable role differences between parents were observed across cultures. Implications include the use of this scale across diverse cultures.
Guidelines for Diagnosing and Quantifying Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
Authors: Moore Brian C. J. , Lowe David A. , Cox Graham
Published: April 2022

This paper makes recommendations for the diagnosis and quantification of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) in a medico-legal context. A distinction is made between NIHL produced by: steady broadband noise, as occurs in some factories; more impulsive factory sounds, such as hammering; noise exposure during military service, which can involve very high peak sound levels; and exposure to very intense tones. It is argued that existing diagnostic methods, which were primarily developed to deal with NIHL produced by steady broadband noise, are not adequate for the diagnosis of NIHL produced by different types of exposures. Furthermore, some existing diagnostic methods are based on now-obsolete standards, and make unrealistic assumptions. Diagnostic methods are proposed for each of the types of noise exposure considered. It is recommended that quantification of NIHL for all types of exposures is based on comparison of the measured hearing threshold levels with the age-associated hearing levels (AAHLs) for a non-noise exposed population, as specified in ISO 7029 (2017), usually using the 50th percentile, but using another percentile if there are good reasons for doing so. When audiograms are available both soon after the end of military service and some time afterwards, the most recent audiogram should be used for diagnosis and quantification, since this reflects any effect of the noise exposure on the subsequent progression of hearing loss. It is recommended that the overall NIHL for each ear be quantified as the average NIHL across the frequencies 1, 2, and 4 kHz.
Cultivating “Webside Manner” at the UME-GME Transition Point During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Novel Virtual Telemedicine Curriculum
Authors: Samuels Roya , McGeechan Stacy , Allmer Erin , Castiglione Joseph , Chen Jack , Sayres Stephanie , Bernstein Henry , Barone Stephen
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Telemedicine use in the US has continued to grow over the past few years with the development of new technology and in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This has led to a growing need for formal training in telemedicine for clinicians in order to improve communication skills and provide better patient outcomes.

METHODS

A self-directed, five-unit online curriculum focused on telemedicine essentials was developed through discussions among Pediatric clinical educators and adapted from literature in telemedicine education. Improvement of communication skills was determined through evaluations of interns randomly assigned to either the telemedicine curriculum or the control group, which was then compared to their baseline encounters.

RESULTS

Interns who completed the telemedicine curriculum showed significant improvement in communication scores compared to those who did not complete the curriculum.

CONCLUSION

Results from the study show the effectiveness of a formal telemedicine curriculum in improving critical communication skills for application in telemedicine.
Seeing like a Zone: Privately deputized sovereignty within Toronto’s Sanctuary City
Authors: skaidra sasha
Published: April 2022

Scholarship is split between seeing the Sanctuary City movement in a progressivist light of anti-border civil society movements, or, viewed as another iteration of citizenship controls. Critics point out how Sanctuary Cities, wherein municipalities provide services regardless of immigration status, do little to guarantee security for undocumented peoples who are at constant risk of deportation. Those who are optimistic about the movement’s emancipatory potential celebrate Sanctuary Cities’ ability to challenge the policing of migration. Why are the interpretations of Sanctuary City policies so polarized? I argue Sanctuary City literature suffers from trying to resolve the contradictions of state-based citizenship, devolving the challenge to the city, thus obscuring how state officials, business, and civil society actors can each possess local sovereignty control over urban space. My paper develops the metric of ‘private deputized sovereignty’ to trace how local policy discretion can implement or contest control over citizenship enforcement powers. I investigate how ‘private deputized sovereignty’ emerges from zoning technology inherent to urban spatial production. Conceptually, I introduce ‘seeing like a zone’ as a heuristic to challenge methodological nationalism and cityism which assume sovereignty resides with corporeal structures. In applying zoning analysis to Toronto’s Sanctuary City policy, the paper identifies economic and sanctuary zones where jurisdictional exceptions empowers local authorities, civil society, and/or private actors to either grant amnesty or exile migrants. Toronto being located within an immigrant federal state and being a global city offers a case for multiscalar analysis where migrants’ well-being and harm depends on the ‘privately deputized sovereign’s’ zoning choices in workplaces, healthcare, schools and the street.
Ocular adverse effects of therapeutic biologics
Authors: Neves da Silva Helio V. , Placide John , Duong Anne , Ronquillo Yasmyne , McCabe Shannon , Moshirfar Majid
Published: April 2022

Biological drugs, termed biologics, are medications that contain or are derived from a living organism (human, animal, or microorganism). With new biological agents being approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) every year, clinicians need to know potential ocular adverse effects that are associated with these drugs. This review provides an overview of ocular adverse effects of biological medications used to treat both ophthalmic and non-ophthalmic diseases. We searched PubMed for relevant case reports, case series, reviews, and clinical trials reporting ocular adverse effects caused by biologics. This review was conducted in June 2021 and investigated the drugs listed in the most updated (April 2021) FDA Purple Book Database of Licensed Biological Products. This review focuses on monoclonal antibodies, interleukins, and receptor fusion proteins. We explore ocular side effects of 33 biological drugs, stating whether they are frequent, common, or rare.
Echocardiographic Assessment of Mitral Annular Disjunction With Cross-Correlation by Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Case Series
Authors: Kallstrom Eric , Rampoldi Michael , Hartwell Carlton
Published: April 2022

Mitral valve (MV) pathology, along with its associated peripheral anatomy, is one of the most common categories of heart disease. Two-dimensional (2D) transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) plays a prominent role in the detection and management of various types MV disease, specifically mitral annular disjunction (MAD). MAD is defined as a structural abnormality of the mitral annulus fibrosus, causing a noticeable gap between the atrial wall-mitral valve junction and the basilar portion of the left ventricular free wall (LV). The integral role that cardiac sonographers play in identifying MAD cannot be underscored, as well as the risk of easily overlooking this unique abnormality. Often associated with mitral valve prolapse (MVP), accurate documentation of MAD amid an echocardiographic study can have positive implications on patient prognosis. This case series highlights the echocardiographic characteristics of MAD, to raise awareness of this often forgotten feature of myxomatous mitral valves, which can indeed cause adverse patient outcomes. It is important to demonstrate correlational features with additional imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT).
Reconsidering treatment guidelines for acute myocardial infarction during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gao Jing , Lu Peng-Ju , Li Chang-Ping , Wang Hui , Wang Ji-Xiang , Zhang Nan , Li Xiao-Wei , Zhao Hai-Wang , Dou Jing , Bai Miao-Na , Shi Yu-Tian , Zhao Jia , Zan Chun , Liu Yin
Published: April 2022

Background

COVID-19 affects healthcare resource allocation, which could lead to treatment delay and poor outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on AMI outcomes.

Methods

We compared outcomes of patients admitted for acute ST-elevation MI (STEMI) and non-STEMI (NSTEMI) during a non-COVID-19 pandemic period (January–February 2019; Group 1, n = 254) and a COVID-19 pandemic period (January–February 2020; Group 2, n = 124).

Results

For STEMI patients, the median of first medical contact (FMC) time, door-to-balloon time, and total myocardial ischemia time were significantly longer in Group 2 patients (allp < 0.05). Primary percutaneous intervention was performed significantly more often in Group 1 patients than in Group 2 patients, whereas thrombolytic therapy was used significantly more often in Group 2 patients than in Group 1 patients (allp < 0.05). However, the rates of and all-cause 30-day mortality and major adverse cardiac event (MACE) were not significantly different in the two periods (allp > 0.05). For NSTEMI patients, Group 2 patients had a higher rate of conservative therapy, a lower rate of reperfusion therapy, and longer FMC times (allp < 0.05). All-cause 30-day mortality and MACE were only higher in NSTEMI patients during the COVID-19 pandemic period (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

COVID-19 pandemic causes treatment delay in AMI patients and potentially leads to poor clinical outcome in NSTEMI patients. Thrombolytic therapy should be initiated without delay for STEMI when coronary intervention is not readily available; for NSTEMI patients, outcomes of invasive reperfusion were better than medical treatment.
Diagnosis, management, and outcome of cardiac sarcoidosis and giant cell myocarditis: a Swedish single center experience
Authors: Bobbio Emanuele , Hjalmarsson Clara , Björkenstam Marie , Polte Christian L. , Oldfors Anders , Lindström Ulf , Dahlberg Pia , Bartfay Sven-Erik , Szamlewski Piotr , Taha Amar , Sakiniene Egidija , Karason Kristjan , Bergh Niklas , Bollano Entela
Published: April 2022

Background

Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) and giant cell myocarditis (GCM) are rare diseases that share some similarities, but also display different clinical and histopathological features. We aimed to compare the demographics, clinical presentation, and outcome of patients diagnosed with CS or GCM.

Method

We compared the clinical data and outcome of all adult patients with CS (n = 71) or GCM (n = 21) diagnosed at our center between 1991 and 2020.

Results

The median (interquartile range) follow-up time for patients with CS and GCM was 33.5 [6.5–60.9] and 2.98 [0.6–40.9] months, respectively. In the entire cohort, heart failure (HF) was the most common presenting manifestation (31%), followed by ventricular arrhythmias (25%). At presentation, a left ventricular ejection fraction of < 50% was found in 54% of the CS compared to 86% of the GCM patients (P = 0.014), while corresponding proportions for right ventricular dysfunction were 24% and 52% (P = 0.026), respectively. Advanced HF (NYHA ≥ IIIB) was less common in CS (31%) than in GCM (76%). CS patients displayed significantly lower circulating levels of natriuretic peptides (P < 0.001) and troponins (P = 0.014). Eighteen percent of patients with CS included in the survival analysis reached the composite endpoint of death or heart transplantation (HTx) compared to 68% of patients with GCM (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

GCM has a more fulminant clinical course than CS with severe biventricular failure, higher levels of circulating biomarkers and an increased need for HTx. The histopathologic diagnosis remained key determinant even after adjustment for markers of cardiac dysfunction.
Effectiveness of workshops to teach a home-based exercise program (BEST at Home) for preventing falls in community-dwelling people aged 65 years and over: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial
Authors: Bates Amanda , Furber Susan , Sherrington Cathie , van den Dolder Paul , Ginn Karen , Bauman Adrian , Howard Kirsten , Kershaw Michelle , Franco Lisa , Chittenden Cathy , Tiedemann Anne
Published: April 2022

Background

Falls are a significant public health issue. There is strong evidence that exercise can prevent falls and the most effective programs are those that primarily involve balance and functional exercises, however uptake of such programs is low. Exercise prescribed during home visits by health professionals can prevent falls however this strategy would be costly to deliver at scale. We developed a new approach to teach home exercise through group-based workshops delivered by physiotherapists. The primary aim was to determine the effect of this approach on the rate of falls among older community-dwelling people over 12 months. Secondary outcomes included the proportion of people falling, fear of falling, physical activity, lower limb strength, balance and quality of life.

Methods

A randomised controlled trial was conducted among community-dwelling people aged ≥65 in New South Wales, Australia. Participants were randomised to either the intervention group (exercise targeting balance and lower limb strength) or control group (exercise targeting upper limb strength).

Results

A total of 617 participants (mean age 73 years, +SD 6, 64% female) were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 307) or control group (n = 310). There was no significant between-group difference in the rate of falls (IRR 0.91, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.29, n = 579, p = 0.604) or the number of participants reporting one or more falls (IRR 0.99, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.29, n = 579, p = 0.946) during 12 month follow-up. A significant improvement in the intervention group compared to control group was found for fear of falling at 3, 6 and 12 months (mean difference 0.50, 95% CI 0.2 to 0.8, p = 0.004; 0.39, 95% CI 0.001 to 0.8, p = 0.049; 0.46, 95% CI 0.006 to 0.9, p = 0.047, respectively), and gait speed at 3 months (mean difference 0.09 s, 95% CI 0.003 to 0.19, p = 0.043). No statistically significant between-group differences were detected for the other secondary outcomes.

Conclusions

There was no significant intervention impact on the rate of falls, but the program significantly reduced fear of falling and improved gait speed. Other exercise delivery approaches are needed to ensure an adequate intensity of balance and strength challenge and dose of exercise to prevent falls.