bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Warped Accretion Disks and Quasars with Episodic Periodicity of Long-term Variations
Authors: Peng Yue-Chang , Wang Jian-Min , Du Pu , Zhai Shuo , Li Yan-Rong
Published: December 2024

It has been found from long-term monitoring campaigns that some quasars are undergoing quasiperiodic variations (most of them with damped amplitudes) in optical bands, but how to explain the origin of such light-curve variations still remains an open question. In this paper, we use the warped accretion disks model to explain the quasiperiodical variations. This model employs a free-bending wave traveling in an accretion disk, which causes the orientation of the central part of the disk to oscillate from the line of sight, resulting in a quasiperiodical variation. We numerically solve the governing equation of warp propagation and calculate the simulated R-band light curves, finding that the periodical light curves generated by this model have damped amplitudes. To compare with observations, we select SDSSJ134820.42+194831.5 as a preliminary example from a sample of periodic quasar candidates by combining CRTS with other public survey data and fitting its light curve with different observational angles. Our result gives a reduced χ
2 ≃ 2.4, implying that the model might give insights into the future application of the warped disk model.
First Calculations of Starspot Spectra Based on 3D Radiative Magnetohydrodynamics Simulations
Authors: Smitha H. N. , Shapiro Alexander I. , Witzke Veronika , Kostogryz Nadiia M. , Unruh Yvonne C. , Bhatia Tanayveer S. , Cameron Robert , Seager Sara , Solanki Sami K.
Published: December 2024

Accurate calculations of starspot spectra are essential for multiple applications in astronomy. The current standard is to represent starspot spectra by spectra of stars that are cooler than the quiet star regions. This implies approximating a starspot as a nonmagnetic 1D structure in radiative–convective equilibrium, parametrizing convective energy transport by mixing-length theory. It is the inhibition of convection by the starspot magnetic field that is emulated by using a lower spot temperature relative to the quiet stellar regions. Here, we take a different approach, avoiding the approximate treatment of convection and instead self-consistently accounting for the interaction between matter, radiation, and the magnetic field. We simulate spots on G2V, K0V, and M0V stars with the 3D radiative magnetohydrodynamics code MURaM and calculate spectra (R ≈ 500 from 250 to 6000 nm) using ray-by-ray radiative transfer with the MPS-ATLAS code. We find that the 1D models fail to return accurate umbral and penumbral spectra on K0V and M0V stars, where convective and radiative transfer of energy is simultaneously important over a broad range of atmospheric heights, rendering mixing-length theory inaccurate. However, 1D models work well for G2V stars, where both radiation and convection significantly contribute to energy transfer only in a narrow region near the stellar surface. Quantitatively, the 1D approximation leads to errors longward of 500 nm of about 50% for both umbral and penumbral flux contrast relative to quiet star regions on M0V stars and less than 2% (for umbrae) and 10% (for penumbrae) for G2V stars.
The CIViL* Survey: The Discovery of a C iv Dichotomy in the Circumgalactic Medium of L* Galaxies
Authors: Garza Samantha L. , Werk Jessica K. , Berg Trystyn A. M. , Faerman Yakov , Oppenheimer Benjamin D. , Bordoloi Rongmon , Ellison Sara L.
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates C iv absorption in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of L⋆ galaxies and its relationship with galaxy star formation rates. We present new observations from the C iv in L⋆ galaxies survey (PID#17076) using the Hubble Space Telescope/Cosmic Origins Spectrograph. By combining these measurements with archival C iv data (46 observations total), we estimate detection fractions for star-forming (sSFR > 10−11 yr−1) and passive galaxies (sSFR ≤ 10−11 yr−1 ) to be 72

−
18

+
14

% [21/29] and 23

−
15

+
27

% [3/13], respectively. This indicates a significant dichotomy in C iv presence between L⋆ star-forming and passive galaxies, with over 99% confidence. This finding aligns with J. Tumlinson et al., which noted a similar dichotomy in O vi absorption. Our results imply a substantial carbon reservoir in the CGM of L⋆ galaxies, suggesting a minimum carbon mass of ≳3.03 × 106
M
⊙ out to 120 kpc. Together, these findings highlight a strong connection between star formation in galaxies and the state of their CGM, providing insight into the mechanisms governing galaxy evolution.
Termination Shock Particle Streaming Upstream at New Horizons
Authors: Powell Erick , Opher Merav , Bair Ethan , Hill Matthew , Nikoukar Romina , Giacalone Joe , Dialynas Konstantinos , Richardson John D. , Brandt Pontus C. , Singer Kelsi N. , Stern S. Alan , Provornikova Elena , Verbiscer Anne J. , Poppe Andrew R. , Parker Joel Wm. ,   New Horizons Heliospheric Team
Published: December 2024

A couple years before Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 (V2) crossed the termination shock (TS), instruments on board both spacecraft observed high intensities of accelerated termination shock particles (TSPs) beaming in opposite directions. This phenomenon was explained by magnetic field lines connecting the spacecraft to the TS prior to the crossings. The opposite streaming of TSPs is due to an east–west asymmetry of the TS caused by the interstellar magnetic field building up on the outside of the heliopause. Here, we examine the magnetic connectivity for New Horizons (NH) ahead of the TS with a global MHD model with steady solar wind conditions. Our model predicts that NH will observe particles streaming in the same direction as V2 (+T direction in the RTN coordinate system), 1.0 ± 0.7 au from the TS. We then estimate the average speed of the TS during the V2 TS crossing to be 2.5 au yr−1 outward, based on the timing and distance of the TS at the onset of the TSP observations and the crossing itself. Using this speed, we find that NH will have a 0.2 yr warning prior to crossing the TS if the TS is moving inward at the time of the crossing and a 2.4 yr warning if the TS is moving outward.
Three-dimensional Global Hybrid Simulation of Magnetosheath Jets at Mercury
Authors: Guo Jin , Lu San , Lu Quanming , Ren Junyi , Ma Jiuqi , Slavin James A. , Sun Weijie , Zhong Jun , Gao Xinliang , Hajra Rajkumar , Wang Rongsheng
Published: December 2024

Plasma high-speed jets are common in Earth’s magnetosheath, and they significantly perturb the magnetosheath and affect the magnetosphere. The space environment of Mercury, characterized by the bow shock, magnetosheath, and magnetosphere, shares many similarities with that of Earth, so high-speed jets may also be formed in Mercury’s magnetosheath. Here we examine the formation of magnetosheath jets using a three-dimensional global hybrid simulation. The simulation results demonstrate that magnetosheath jets may be formed by the passage of upstream compressive structures through the bow shock. The number and size of the jets are significantly smaller than those at Earth because of Mercury’s smaller magnetosphere size. Under the impact of magnetosheath jets, Mercury’s magnetopause undergoes significant deformation up to

0.19

R

M

(

R

M

is Mercury’s radius). These simulation results are expected to be tested by the BepiColombo mission.
Limiting Rotation Rate of Neutron Stars from Crust Breaking and Gravitational Waves
Authors: Morales J. A. , Horowitz C. J.
Published: December 2024

Neutron stars are not observed to spin faster than about half their breakup rate. This limiting rotational frequency may be related to the strength of their crusts. As a star spins up from accretion, centrifugal forces stress the crust. We perform finite-element simulations of rotating neutron stars and find that the crust fails at rotation rates about half the breakup rate. Given uncertainties in microphysics, we have not determined the crust configuration after this failure. Instead, we argue that the crust may fail in an asymmetric way and could produce a configuration with a significant ellipticity (fractional difference in moments of inertia). If the ellipticity is large, a rotating star will radiate gravitational waves that may limit further spin-up. These stars may be promising sources for LIGO/VIRGO and next-generation gravitational-wave detectors.
Efficacy of the 28S rDNA barcode in differentiating Caribbean octocorals
Authors: Senofsky Sloan , Zamudio Isabel , Pan Brittany , McFadden Catherine
Published: December 2024

The ecological landscape of Caribbean reefs is rapidly changing as octocorals fill the void left by declining scleractinian populations. Effective molecular barcodes are necessary to accurately identify these octocorals and monitor this shifting ecosystem. We tested the efficacy of the 28S rDNA as a barcode compared to the most commonly used mtMutS barcode on a collection of octocorals from across the Caribbean. Based on pairwise genetic distance values, 28S appeared to be more effective at differentiating species within the families Plexauridae and Gorgoniidae, while mtMutS was slightly more effective at distinguishing species of Pterogorgiidae. However, the standard 28S rDNA primers did not amplify all species as effectively as mtMutS, especially those belonging to the genus Eunicea. A shorter 28S barcode developed for eDNA applications distinguished species as effectively as the complete 28S barcode.
Evaluation of awareness of mold infections in stored maize (Zea mays L.) and groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) in Anseba, Debub and Maekel Regions (Zoba) of Eritrea
Authors: Okumu Oliver O. , Sethumadhava Rao , Melika Even Z. , Divora Teklemariam M. , Samuel P. G. , Even Brhane F. , Yasmin Said J. , Abel Tsegay T.
Published: December 2024

Survey on farmers’ awareness of mould infection in maize and groundnuts were conducted in various villages in Anseba, Debub and Maekel regions of Eritrea during the summer period between July and December 2023. We administered questionnaires to various farmers in the study areas to assess their knowledge and awareness of mold infections during storage. Maize and groundnut samples were collected for further analysis in the laboratory. It was observed that majority of the farmers had limited knowledge about the timing of infection, contamination, and risks associated with molds. However, more than half (57%) of the respondents were able to identify spoilt grains through rotting (48%), visible insects (21%), and discolouration (10%). The respondents reported several uses for infected grains: approximately 34% consumed them, 26% fed them to livestock and 18.4% sold them to unsuspecting customers. None of the interviewed farmers were aware of the term “mycotoxins” or the associated health hazards while 67% of the respondents did not know measures for controlling mould fungal infection. There was a positive correlation (p ≤ 0.001, r = 0.804) between farmers’ knowledge of mold fungi and their ability to understand mycotoxin contamination. Laboratory analysis revealed the presence of Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. parsiticus, Fusarium verticilloides and Penicilium spp. Grains from Koffo storage structure had the highest incidence of mold infection in comparison with other traditional storage structures. These findings indicate a general lack of knowledge about mold fungal infections and the risks among the respondents. Thus, the findings underscore the need for tailored interventions through the ministry of agriculture to promote good agricultural practices aimed at reducing mold and mycotoxin contaminations.
Quand l’aliment se fait langage
Authors: Dumet Nathalie , Louchard Chardon Christine
Published: December 2024

Comment entendre et comprendre ce qui s’exprime pour la personne âgée hospitalisée autour de l’alimentation ? Comment en tenir compte dans la prise en charge soignante ? À partir du cas de Mme Comer, hospitalisée en service de Soins de Suite et Réadaptation (SSR), les auteurs montrent comment la fixation du sujet sur certains aliments constitue un support essentiel de la continuité de Soi au grand âge et une lutte contre la désorganisation à laquelle l’autre, le soignant, est activement convié.Après avoir rappelé, d’une part, l’importance de l’alimentation à l’hôpital pour le sujet âgé et, d’autre part, les grandes fonctions et significations psychoaffectives de l’alimentation, l’étude du cas de Mme Comer permet d’illustrer la manière dont la régression s’opère pendant le temps long de l’hospitalisation et vient reconvoquer les imagos et figures parentales, les modalités primaires de liens et la prédominance de l’oralité. L’enjeu pour la patiente n’est pas tant, ou pas seulement, la consommation de l’aliment lui-même que l’accueil et l’écoute par un autre de sa demande. Le rapport à l’alimentation et les conflits autour de celle-ci s’inscrivent fondamentalement dans une adresse à un autre, en l’occurrence ici au soignant. Cet article a pour finalité de soutenir les professionnels dans leur réflexion et leur positionnement en éclairant les dynamiques intra- comme inter-psychiques à l’œuvre lors de situations alimentaires sources d’incompréhension en institution.
« C’est mieux à la résidence ! » Témoignage de repas partagés en ADJ Alzheimer
Authors: Berque Marianne
Published: December 2024

L’alimentation en Ehpad est au croisement de différents services très encadrés ; chacun applique ses contraintes qui s’accumulent et deviennent difficiles à coordonner avec l’équilibre psycho-corporel, qui devrait pourtant être recherché par tous les intervenants dans une vision holistique de la personne. Ainsi, les résidents en pâtissent, mais aussi les soignants et les cuisiniers.Dans ce contexte, le rythme de l’Accueil de jour Alzheimer offre ce que ne permet pas toujours l’Ehpad : un équilibre entre vie en société et intimité, une continuité de soi, un accompagnement évolutif. La démarche, basée sur l’observation et l’écoute des besoins de chacun, fait appel à la créativité et parfois simplement à un retour à des pratiques humaines ancestrales qui ont été écrasées par la société de consommation. Ce modèle à petite échelle peut-il donner des pistes pour des structures plus grandes ? Des projets surgissent, mais le sujet ne semble pas encore suffisamment organisé pour devenir pérenne et nécessiterait que l’ensemble des personnes concernées se rassemblent pour y réfléchir, ensemble.
20 years of LTER Slovenia
Authors: Pipan Tanja , Aljančič Magdalena
Published: December 2024

Research infrastructures dedicated to long-term ecosystem research are important to support the assessment of the impacts of global change on landscapes, ecosystems and society. The European Long-Term Ecological Research Network (LTER Europe) is an initiative with the main objective of improving the understanding of the processes that shape ecosystems and socio-ecological systems under the influence of global change. In this paper we briefly present the twenty years of research since Slovenia joined this initiative and the main challenges and research activities carried out within the LTER Slovenia consortium.
Sulfuric acid speleogenesis in Greece
Authors: Lazaridis Georgios Theodoros , Melfos Vasilios , Papadopoulou Lambrini , Onac Bogdan P. , Stergiou Christos L. , Maravelis Angelos G. , Voudouris Panagiotis , Dora Despoina , Fitros Michalis , Papaioannou Haritakis , Vouvalidis Konstantinos
Published: December 2024

Manifestations of sulfuric acid speleogenesis (SAS) documented in several caves in the areas of Aghia Paraskevi, Konitsa, W. Peloponnese, Elassona, Lavrion and Kammena Vourla in Greece are examined and discussed in this work. Carbonate and sulfate samples collected from caves in Aghia Paraskevi and western Peloponnese areas were investigated using methods, such as fluid inclusion, scanning electron microscopy, carbon, sulfur and oxygen stable isotopes, X-ray powder diffraction, and chemical analysis. The examined caves are mainly developed at or in the proximity of the local water table and they are related to hydrothermal springs and geothermal fields. In addition to the documentation of SAS in one case study from Aghia Paraskevi, calcite spar with a homogenization temperature peak at 280°C, indicates an early speleogenetic stage that involves meteoric-origin hydrothermal fluids under deep-seated settings. Sulfur isotope composition of sulfates (–4 ‰) is indicative for pyrite oxidation. The Konitsa caves represent a system developed at multiple altitudes that is related to the evolution of Sarantaporos River. The caves in West Peloponnese are located in two different geotectonic units. However, the caves in both units are active and share common characteristics, such as their development near sea level, morphology and fracture-guided pattern, and the presence of gypsum with δ34S values (average –26 ‰) that are plausibly related to hydrocarbons and bacterial activity. Morphological and geochemical aspects of the caves in these two regions suggest long-lasting, multiphase speleogenetic systems.
Arhitektura kranjskih in štajerskih »Nemcev« v luči umetnostnih povezav s češkimi deželami
Authors: Lazarini Franci
Published: December 2024

Prispevek obravnava izbrana arhitekturna naročila nemško govoreče skupnosti na Kranjskem in Štajerskem na prehodu 19. v 20. stoletje. Osredotoča se na izbrane primere javnih stavb, in sicer nemške hiše (družabna središča nemške skupnosti), gledališča in evangeličanske verske objekte, pri čemer je izpostavljena tudi propagandna vloga omenjenih objektov. Poseben poudarek pa je namenjen umetnostnim povezavam z nemško skupnostjo v čeških deželah (zlasti na Moravskem in v Sudetih), ki se kaže tako v zgledovanju po tamkajšnjih zgradbah kot v delovanju istih arhitektov.
Utrjevanje meščanstva na Slovenskem konec 19. in v začetku 20. stoletja ob primeru družine Oblak z Vrhnike
Authors: Vodopivec Barbara
Published: December 2024

Prispevek na primeru družine Oblak z Vrhnike osvetljuje določene elemente utrjevanja meščanstva na Slovenskem konec 19. in v začetku 20. stoletja, kot so gimnazijska in univerzitetna izobrazba, ustrezna zaposlitev, življenjski slog in medsebojne sorodstvene povezave. Pri tem še posebej izpostavlja življenjsko pot sodnika Augustina Oblaka (1867–1935). Na ta način prispevek poglablja razumevanje sloja, ki je sooblikoval urbanistično, arhitekturno in umetnostno podobo takratnega prostora. Družina Oblak je bila sorodstveno povezana z močnimi družinami na Vrhniki, v Logatcu in Škofji Loki, kar omogoča vpogled v življenje meščanstva na prelomu stoletja ne le v središčih, kot je bila Ljubljana, ampak tudi v manjših krajih na Slovenskem. Vidne osebnosti gospodarskega, intelektualnega, kulturnega in družbenopolitičnega življenja iz teh družin so prispevale tudi k umetnostnemu naročništvu, kar je v prispevku, v katerem se prepletata pristopa biografskega raziskovanja in zgodovinopisja, ilustrirano z izbranimi primeri.
From Traditional to Technological
Authors: Chaudhary Neetu , Jain Preeti , Sharma Chandrika
Published: December 2024

In the age of rapid technological advancement, artificial intelligence (AI) has begun to play a transformative role in various sectors, including education. This chapter, “The Evolving Role of Teachers in the AI-Powered Classroom,” explores how AI technologies are reshaping the educational landscape and the role of teachers. This chapter begin with an overview of AI in education, we then provide a historical context, tracing the evolution of teaching methods and technology, and the impact of early educational technologies. The chapter examines the current state of AI in education along with the benefits and challenges they bring to the classroom. Ethical considerations will also be addressed, including privacy concerns, equity and access issues, and the critical role of teachers in advocating for ethical AI use. Through case studies of AI-powered classrooms, we offer insights from educators and students, sharing lessons learned from these implementations.
Enhancing Digital Competencies of Teachers
Authors: Yadav Seema
Published: December 2024

This chapter explores the critical role of digital literacy and technology in modern education, focusing on the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and digital competencies in teaching and learning. It highlights the necessity for educators to develop digital skills to effectively incorporate technology into their pedagogical practices and enhance educational outcomes. The study emphasizes that digital literacy encompasses not only technical proficiency but also the ability to critically evaluate and use digital tools ethically and creatively. It discusses the challenges faced by educators, including varying levels of digital competency and the need for continuous professional development. Additionally, it examines how digital storytelling and other innovative practices can engage students and improve learning experiences. The chapter concludes by underscoring the importance of a supportive educational environment and ongoing training to ensure that both educators and students thrive in the digital age.
An Intelligent UTI Forecast Model in Fog Empowered Environment Using Regularized XGBoost Ensemble Approach in Quantum Computing
Authors: Subashini R. , Saravanabhavan C. , Ramya K.
Published: December 2024

Urinary tract infections offer a substantial risk to renal health, making it imperative to detect and treat kidney infections at an early stage in order to avoid consequences. This research presents an intelligent system that was developed for the purpose of predicting urinary tract infections at an earlier stage. A Regularized Ensemble XGBoost model technique is utilized by the framework for the purpose of data encoding and pathogenic risk factor calculations on the Quantum computation platform. Furthermore, the framework makes use of Internet of Things-based sensors for the purpose of data collection. In the subsequent step, the results of the analysis, along with the health information of the users, are saved in a cloud archive for future reference. For the purpose of validating the system's performance, extensive experiments were carried out through the utilization of real-time patient data.
Career Path Recommender Using Quantum Machine Learning
Authors: Dhamayanthi Dhamayanthi , Shahid Aheel K. N. , Fareesha Ameerutheen P. A. , Nantha Kumar S. , Roshan Safica A. , Sugan M.
Published: December 2024

This paper introduces a groundbreaking professional course recommender system empowered by using quantum gadget mastering techniques. Leveraging the standards of quantum computing, our system, QuantumCareer, revolutionizes the accuracy and performance of professional steering. By analyzing a dataset of IT professionals in Saudi Arabia, QuantumCareer outperforms traditional fashions with quantum help vector machines and neural networks. Through big testing, our system demonstrates advanced predictive competencies, supplying tailored career guidelines primarily based on individual skills. QuantumCareer represents a significant leap forward in the realm of career steering, supplying individuals with personalized insights to navigate the complexities of the activity marketplace and make informed selections about their expert trajectories
Geo Spatial Query System Using Quantum NLP
Authors: Asiya Rahima A. , Amalraj Arul A. , Shanofer G. G. , Tamizharasan S. S. , Ganapathy D. D. , Arun Rathnaraj C.
Published: December 2024

Geo spatial query system using quantum NLP seeks to redefine query processing capabilities using a state-of-the-art toponym recognition system using Quantum Natural Language Processing (NLP) Developed using Python and the NLTK library, improves user interaction by using toponyms a presented in natural language. In addition to traditional models, it integrates quantum NLP analytics to optimize query processing. Key improvements include NLP library integration, Flask-based UI, and fuzzy matching algorithms for location detection. This new approach solves a major shortcoming of the existing system, and provides a sophisticated and intuitive user experience. Users enter questions, and the system provides answers with contextual information drawn from the entire list of sources.
Product Integrity Assurance on E-Marketplace Using Quantum Blockchain
Authors: Angeline Ranjithamani D. , Subbulakshmi M. K. , Harshini T. , Ramya V. , Sam Aaron T. , Bharath Srithar T.
Published: December 2024

Product Integrity Assurance using quantum blockchain technology introduces new online shopping platform design to enhance user experience and trust. By quantum principles and advanced algorithms, the platform enhances security, refines product displays, and ensures trustworthy customer feedback. The platform maintains up-to-date catalogs secured by a quantum blockchain, providing data integrity. Blockchain also strengthens secure payment options, ensuring a reliable online shopping experience. Utilizing clustering algorithms, the platform generates personalized product recommendations based on user feedback, promoting informed purchase decisions and sorting algorithms ensure efficient product discovery, saving users valuable time. The paper highlights the role of quantum techniques in refining product displays based on customer reviews. This exploration emphasizes how Quantum-Enhanced Product Integrity Assurance transforms security, transparency, and user satisfaction in the e-marketplace
Smart Home Cloud Gateway Using Quantum Computing
Authors: Theivanathan G. , Bharath P. , Nithish Kumar R. K. , Roshan Hussain A.
Published: December 2024

The project undergoes a significant transformation, building upon the initial groundwork laid in the previous stage. Notably, improvements are introduced in two key areas, enhancing the overall home automation and remote access system. Firstly, the system's remote access solution undergoes a crucial upgrade. Cloudflare Tunneling, specifically Twingate, is replaced by Tailscale-A secure networking solution. This change is implemented to fortify remote connectivity, ensuring a seamless and encrypted communication channel between virtual instances within the Proxmox environment. Tailscale's efficiency in networking is chosen to streamline and secure remote access. Secondly, the home automation platform sees a substantial advancement. The existing Home Assistant OS is upgraded to Casa OS, now deployed as a Docker image.
Thyroid Gland Classification With Diagnosis System Using TL Algorithms and Quantum Computing
Authors: Lakshmi prabhaa B. , Murugan A.
Published: December 2024

Thyroid nodules are a sign of several thyroid disorders, and medical image analysis is essential to their early identification and diagnosis. In existing framework using algorithms for machine learning and QC, such Random Forest and Support Vector Machine to classify the thyroid nodules. In this work, we suggest a novel use of transfer learning algorithms for the classification of thyroid nodules. Transfer learning makes use of neural network models that have already been trained on sizable datasets to modify them for particular tasks that require less data. To extricate significant elements from thyroid ultrasound filters, we utilize a forefront convolutional brain organization (CNN) that has been pre-prepared on different clinical pictures. Using a specific dataset of images of thyroid nodules and Quantum computing, the model is refined to maximize its performance for precise classification.
UV Ray Calibration-Based Precise Smart Agriculture Using Quantum Computing
Authors: Kavitha S. , Suganya Priyadharshini P. , Deepika S. , Arthi G.
Published: December 2024

In agriculture, the incorporation of smart technologies has inaugurated a fresh era characterized by precision and efficiency. Our research introduces an innovative system for smart agriculture, designed to meticulously control the agricultural environment by harnessing the capabilities of cutting-edge sensors. The UV Sensor ML8511 is employed to gauge ultraviolet (UV) radiation levels, optimizing artificial lighting in controlled environments. By utilizing deep learning algorithms and data sets, our system ensures that plants benefit from optimal light conditions, fostering robust photosynthesis carefully monitoring environmental temperatures. Our system employs an Internet of Things (IoT) interface. This interface facilitates remote monitoring and control, granting users access to real-time data, alerts, and the ability to fine-tune growing conditions through a user-friendly web or mobile platform.
Driving Agricultural Performance by Leveraging Digital Technologies in Agriculture 4.0
Authors: Singh Sandeep , Tewari Anurag , Sharma Aparna , Bansal Ajit
Published: December 2024

Agri-food sustainability has grown to be the globe's most important issue throughout the years. Technologies that promote environmentally friendly agricultural farming have proven effective in reducing poverty brought on by increased food demand. Agri-food system uses have been significantly altering the global landscape recently as consequence of internal and external variables. The forthcoming contribution of study is that we can utilize it for enhancing economic efficiency, better control mechanism and improved decision making. This study will prove beneficial to the users and other stakeholders like technology providers, experts and society at large. Furthermore, this study provided guidelines for further research on the proposed concept. The conclusions drawn in the study will be helpful to researchers, experts, smart technology suppliers and policy makers who ultimately are responsible for supporting the evolution to extra sustainable and cultured agri-business practices.
A Hybrid Technique to Secure Logistics Information Through Blockchain and NTRUEncrypt
Authors: Ramani Kasarapu , Bindu G. B. Hima , Manju A. B. , Silpa Chalichalamala
Published: December 2024

Advancements in Industry 4.0 led to the tremendous expansion of the global logistics industry. Simultaneously, logistics processing is integrated by Cloud Computing, IoT (Internet of Things) devices, and Big Data Technologies. Real-time and accurate data safeguards efficient product transportation, timely delivery to customers, and effective supply chain management for the companies. The exchange of confidential customer and product data among various logistics operations stakeholders presents the risk of illegal access, which may result in fraudulent activities or the production of counterfeit goods. Hybrid cryptosystems, which include quantum-resistant and classical algorithms, can be utilized to protect against both types of attacks throughout the transition phase. This chapter presents the blockchain in a post-quantum environment by adding more security layers, including multi-signature schemes with quantum-resistant hashing. This chapter proposes a hybrid technique of Blockchain and NTRUEncrypt to logistics information security.
AI-Driven Threat Detection in Cloud Environments
Authors: Jyothsna V. , Sandhya E. , Kamalapuram Khaja Baseer , Bhasha P.
Published: December 2024

In cloud computing, integrating artificial intelligence (AI) is crucial for enhancing cybersecurity. As organizations move to the cloud, they encounter advanced threats that traditional security measures often miss. AI, through machine learning and deep learning, significantly improves threat detection and response times. This chapter discusses AI-based systems like anomaly detection, predictive analytics, and automated responses, highlighting their effectiveness in real-world scenarios. It also addresses challenges such as data privacy, quality training data, and adversarial attacks. Future trends are explored, emphasizing AI's evolution to counter new threats by adapting to emerging attack vectors and continuously learning from data. This chapter provides valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and decision-makers to enhance cybersecurity strategies with AI in cloud environments, helping them better prepare for the evolving threat landscape.
Benefits and Challenges of Metaverse in Healthcare Industry
Authors: Madhavi K. Reddy , Sohan Sai P. , Kamineni Saradhi , Patel Ashok , Kaleru Shiva , Goundar Sam
Published: December 2024

Metaverse and healthcare working together introduces a lot of attractive possibilities as well as challenges. On the positive side, the metaverse can make online doctor appointments more interesting and personal. It also enables the remote monitoring of patients thereby making healthcare more accessible. Training for doctors and nurses can improve with realistic practices using the metaverse. And, with the virtual world of the metaverse, scientists can work across countries in a virtually induced workplace where they will research and formulate special drugs. But, using the metaverse in healthcare comes with challenges. Patient information security and confidentiality should be handled with great caution. Using the metaverse can be challenging due to technology issues. Accessibility by all to these newly developed healthcare services is just as important. And we must follow the rules and moral guidelines in healthcare while using the metaverse. Along with healthcare and the metaverse, recognizing both positive and negative aspects will help improve healthcare for all individuals.
Cutting-Edge Approaches to Data Protection and Encryption in Cloud Computing Security
Authors: Krishna E. S. Phalguna , Sandhya E. , Priya Kokkeragadda Lasya
Published: December 2024

Cloud computing, or internet computing, is rapidly evolving, making security a critical concern for users and organizations. This chapter explores advanced encryption techniques—quantum-resistant, attribute-based, and homomorphic encryption—to protect data against identity management issues, data theft, and cyber-attacks. It also examines secure multi-party computation and zero-trust architectures to enhance data integrity and confidentiality. Additionally, the integration of AI and machine learning for real-time threat detection, blockchain for decentralized security, and the importance of compliance with standards like GDPR and CCPA are discussed.
Essential Concepts and Strategies for Effective Cybersecurity Defense
Authors: Bharathi M. , Tabassum Saleha , Madhurima V. , Sandhya Kumari G. , Sunitha Gurram , Tangudu Naresh
Published: December 2024

Cybersecurity is an essential aspect of modern life, and it encompasses a wide range of topics and concepts that are critical to understanding and combating cyber threats. One of the fundamental aspects of cybersecurityis understanding the basic principles of how computers and networks work, as well as the different types of vulnerabilities and attacks that can be used by hackers to gain unauthorized access. Hackers are individuals or groups who use their knowledge and skills to gain unauthorized access to computer systems and networks. There are various types of hackers, including black hat, white hat, and gray hat hackers, each with their own motivations and techniques. Malware, which is short for malicious software, is a type of software that is designed to harm or exploit computer systems and networks. There are various types of malware, including viruses, worms, trojans, and ransomware, each with their own methods of infecting and damaging systems.
Ransomware Detection Using Ensemble of Deep Learning Models
Authors: Avanija J. , Balachandrasai M. C. , Balaji Viswaksena , Suryapogu Prashanth , Bharani M. , Venkat Sai M.
Published: December 2024

As technology evolves, the cyber wars are increasing very fast. One of the most dangerous threats is ransomware. As the ransomware threats keep increasing, it demands more advanced equipment. Inception Net and dense Net will help in detecting the ransomware. This chapter gives a new approach that combines the strengths and capabilities of both pre-trained models (Inception Net and Dense Net). Inception Net was used here because it shows its effectiveness in image analysis. Mainly, it is used in visual data that belongs to potential ransomware attacks as a feature extractor. Whereas the other model is dense Net. It has a feature that can analyze sequenced and structured data. This innovative approach increases the capacity for detecting ransomware threats around different types of data sets. Mainly, it will encourage a strong defense against dangerous cyber threats.
Digital Transformation in Spanish Universities
Authors: Tevar Óscar Aguado , Díaz-Marcos Luis , de Blanes Sebastián María García
Published: December 2024

Digital transformation has driven the use of tools like Power BI in education, offering advanced data analysis and visualization capabilities. This study examines the feasibility of designing a dashboard to analyze key indicators for master's program graduates in Spanish universities. The main goal was to identify, structure, and visualize metrics to uncover trends and patterns. Four phases guided the methodology: data collection and validation of 14 files with variables like gender, modality, branches, and regions; definition of generic KPIs to outline broad metrics on graduates by type of university and location; creation of specific KPIs for in-depth analysis and chart configuration; and defining the steps to set up an interactive Power BI dashboard. Conclusions emphasize Power BI's value in democratizing data access and fostering data-driven decision-making. Limitations include reliance on high-quality data and technical training. This study offers a replicable approach, key indicators, and adaptable dashboards to enhance university management and higher education effectiveness.
Fostering Emotional Intelligence for Competency Development in Nursing Education
Authors: Reis da Silva Tiago Manuel Horta
Published: December 2024

Emotional intelligence (EI) is critical in nursing education to prepare students for the complexities of modern healthcare. This chapter explores the role of EI in fostering essential competencies such as resilience, effective communication, decision-making, and leadership among nursing students. It examines educational strategies, including experiential learning, mentorship, and simulation-based training, that integrate EI development into curricula. Additionally, the chapter discusses the impact of EI on student engagement, interprofessional collaboration, and clinical practice readiness. Highlighting evidence-based approaches and future directions, it emphasises the transformative potential of EI in developing future-ready nurses equipped to excel in dynamic healthcare environments.
UNITUTOR-ProBInAd
Authors: García José Luis Aguilera , Macías Gómez María Escolástica , Redondo-Duarte Sara , Cedeño Yara Elizabeth Gordillo , Lumbreras Cristina Casado
Published: December 2024

Universities are increasingly recognized as key actors in addressing societal challenges, particularly through their contributions to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as part of their social responsibility. In response, many institutions have institutionalized service-learning as a pedagogical approach, combining academic learning with social engagement to develop both students' professional skills and foster their growth as socially responsible citizens. This chapter presents a service-learning experience conducted by the ISYFDI research group with students from the Faculties of Education and Psychology at the Complutense University of Madrid during the 2022/2023 and 2023/2024 academic years. The chapter begins with a theoretical review of the pedagogical principles underlying service-learning and examines its role in promoting the holistic development of university students. Subsequently, a service-learning experience is described (UNITUTOR-ProBInAd 1 and 2 project), aimed at the promotion of well-being in childhood and adolescence.
Comparison of Breast Cancer Management and Outcomes in a Single Cancer Surgical Unit in Teaching Hospital- Batticaloa, Sri Lanka: A Retrospective Analysis of Two Time Periods (2016-2018 vs. 2022-2024)
Authors: Thilakaratna W. M. S. Buddhika , Renos M. H. , Janani K. , Sakashan S. , Jayasinghe E. A. D. N.
Published: December 2024

Objective: To compare the clinical characteristics, management approaches, and surgical outcomes of breast cancer patients treated at this institution during two distinct time periods (2016–2018 and 2022–2024).Methods: A retrospective review of breast cancer cases was conducted. A total of 93 female patients were included in each period, categorized into early invasive breast carcinoma (EIBC), locally advanced breast carcinoma (LABC), and metastatic breast carcinoma (MBC). Treatment modalities, including neoadjuvant chemotherapy, breast conservation, sentinel lymph node biopsy, and breast reconstruction, were compared between the two cohorts.Results: In the 2022–2024 period, there were fewer cases of early invasive breast carcinoma (44.1% vs. 53.8%) and a higher incidence of locally advanced breast carcinoma (45.2% vs. 33.3%). The use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for LABC increased significantly (30.2% vs. 19.3%), and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) was more frequently performed (26.9% vs. 6.5%). Positive SLNB results led to axillary clearance in 7 cases during the later period, whereas no cases in the earlier cohort required further intervention. Breast conservation rates decreased (33.3% vs. 39.8%) in 2022–2024 which is due to a raised aged population with medical comorbidities, but 6 patients underwent breast reconstruction post-mastectomy compared to none in 2016–2018.Conclusions: The shift in breast cancer presentation and management between 2016–2018 and 2022–2024 at this institution reflects evolving treatment strategies. Increased use of SLNB and breast reconstruction are notable, as well as a higher uptake of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in LABC. Further study is required to assess the long-term impact of these changes on patient outcomes and quality of life.Breast cancer-related awareness, associated comorbidities and sociocultural norms of the patients might have affected the patient preferences of management options. In addition, the availability of the Mammogram, chemotherapy, intervention radiologist, and methylene blue for the Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy (SLNB) might have affected the diagnostic stage and surgical options.
Unveiling A Rare Presentation of WHO Grade 1 Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Distal Ileum Leading to Subacute Intestinal Obstruction
Authors: Praneev G. , Sutharshan V. , Varothayan S.
Published: December 2024

No abstract available
AC-YOLO: citrus detection in the natural environment of orchards
Authors: Xiao Xu , Wang Yaonan , Jiang Yiming , Wu Haotian , Zhang Zhe , Wang Rujing
Published: December 2024

In the natural environment, the shape and color of fruits can vary greatly due to various factors, and the growth of fruits is irregular, shaded by leaves and branches, and there are phenomena such as overlapping fruits. The complex background causes the difficulty of fruit recognition by the picking robot to increase, which affects the positioning of subsequent picking points, greatly increasing the difficulty of picking, and even causing damage to the end effector. To address such issues, this study adopts panoramic photography to capture images of citrus fruit trees, and proposes an AC-YOLO based citrus recognition method in the natural environment of orchards. Firstly, in the Resblock module of the YOLOv4 backbone feature extraction network, the AC network structure is integrated with different levels of feature mapping to fuse context information as small targets. At the same time, a self-attention mechanism is introduced to suppress the impact of complex backgrounds and underlying noise, improving the detection ability of small target citrus; Finally, the Mish activation function is used to replace Leaky Re LU, improving the generalization ability of the model and improving the accuracy of citrus detection. The panorama image is divided into sub images, and an improved YOLOV4 model is used for recognition. By comparing the orange recognition effects of different network models such as Fast R-CNN, Center Net, YOLOV4 series algorithms, and YOLOV5 series algorithms on the panorama image, the improved YOLOV4 network model has an accuracy rate of 96.19%, a recall rate of 95.47%, and an average accuracy of 97.27%, Compared with the original YOLOv4 model, it has increased by 1.07, 2.59, and 2.02 percentage points respectively. This method has a good recognition effect for citrus in the natural environment of orchards.
Focused Overview of the 2024 Global Initiative for Asthma Guidelines
Authors: Hoque Farzana , Nayak Ravi
Published: December 2024

Asthma affects over 300 million people across the globe and involves chronic airway inflammation, reversible expiratory airflow limitation, and heightened airway responsiveness. Although asthma research and treatment have made substantial progress in recent years, both over- and under-diagnosis of asthma are frequent. In this overview, we highlight key updates from the 2024 Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines for optimal patient-centered asthma care. This article outlines the latest findings on asthma and its treatments, offering recommendations for evidence-based clinical practice.
Impact of Sleep Loss in Residency – A Reflection
Authors: Kim Grace E.
Published: December 2024

Sleep is one of the most fundamental aspects of human life, attributed as one of the most vital aspects for the overall fitness, including cell repair, thermoregulation, immune function, energy conservation, and memory. Moreover, yet millions of people worldwide are increasingly getting less than the recommended 7–9 h of sleep every night, which in effect results in detrimental effects in one’s memory, physical health, and emotional stability. Healthcare workers have the second highest percentage of sleep deprivation at 45% while the importance of sleep is heavily emphasized during medical training, there still seems to be a gap with the way residents’ duty hours are allocated given the work hour limit goes up to 28 h per shift. This paper discusses resident duty hours from a perspective from a former resident.
Cataract surgical coverage in Indian population aged 50 years and above
Authors: Vashist Praveen , Sarath S , Gupta Vivek , Gupta Noopur , Senjam Suraj S , Shukla Pallavi , Grover Sumit , Shamanna B R , Vemparala Rajshekhar , Wadhwani Meenakshi , Bhardwaj Amit , Titiyal Jeewan S
Published: December 2024

Objectives:

The objectives of the study were to obtain the current estimates of cataract surgical coverage (CSC) at varying thresholds of vision and gender variations across districts in diverse Indian populations aged ≥50 years.

Methods:

Data collected from the national blindness survey from 31 Indian districts between 2015 and 2019 were analyzed. CSC at varying thresholds of presenting visual acuity <3/60, <6/60, and <6/18 were estimated along with gender variations across districts in population ≥50 years of age.

Results:

The survey coverage was 93.5%, with 85,135 participants examined. The overall CSC at best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) <3/60, <6/60, and <6/18 in the Indian population was 93.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 91.5–94.7), 88.9% (95% CI: 86.5–90.9), and 72.6% (95% CI: 69.1–75.9), respectively. CSC was highest in the north and lowest in the northeast administrative zone at all BCVA cut-offs. Khera district had the highest CSC at BCVA <3/60 (99.1%) and <6/60 (97.9%), whereas Kapurthala district had the highest CSC at <6/18 (88%). Nalbari district had the lowest CSC at BCVA <3/60 (78%) and <6/60 (70.2%), and Nayagarh had the lowest CSC at <6/18 (45.6%). Overall, males had higher CSC than females. Gender variation was highest in Thoubal at BCVA <3/60 (18.7%) and <6/60 (19.2%). At BCVA <6/18, gender variation was highest in Thrissur (15.9%), with males (85.5%) found to have 15.9% higher CSC than females (69.6%).

Conclusions:

CSC improved for 3/60 and 6/60 cut-offs, but remained low for 6/18 BCVA cut-off in India, with district- and gender-based inequities that need health system interventions.