bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Translating in vitro CFTR rescue into small molecule correctors for cystic fibrosis using the Library of Integrated Network‐based Cellular Signatures drug discovery platform
Authors: Strub Matthew D. , Ramachandran Shyam , Boudko Dmitri Y. , Meleshkevitch Ella A. , Pezzulo Alejandro A. , Subramanian Aravind , Liberzon Arthur , Bridges Robert J. , McCray Paul B.
Published: December 2021

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lethal autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. The common ΔF508‐CFTR mutation results in protein misfolding and proteasomal degradation. If ΔF508‐CFTR trafficks to the cell surface, its anion channel function may be partially restored. Several in vitro strategies can partially correct ΔF508‐CFTR trafficking and function, including low‐temperature, small molecules, overexpression of miR‐138, or knockdown of SIN3A. The challenge remains to translate such interventions into therapies and to understand their mechanisms. One approach for connecting such interventions to small molecule therapies that has previously succeeded for CF and other diseases is via mRNA expression profiling and iterative searches of small molecules with similar expression signatures. Here, we query the Library of Integrated Network‐based Cellular Signatures using transcriptomic signatures from previously generated CF expression data, including RNAi‐ and low temperature‐based rescue signatures. This LINCS in silico screen prioritized 135 small molecules that mimicked our rescue interventions based on their genomewide transcriptional perturbations. Functional screens of these small molecules identified eight compounds that partially restored ΔF508‐CFTR function, as assessed by cAMP‐activated chloride conductance. Of these, XL147 rescued ΔF508‐CFTR function in primary CF airway epithelia, while also showing cooperativity when administered with C18. Improved CF corrector therapies are needed and this integrative drug prioritization approach offers a novel method to both identify small molecules that may rescue ΔF508‐CFTR function and identify gene networks underlying such rescue.
MnP Films with Desired Magnetic, Magnetocaloric, and Thermoelectric Properties for a Perspective Magneto‐Thermo‐Electric Cooling Device
Authors: Hung Chang-Ming , Madhogaria Richa Pokharel , Muchharla Baleeswaraiah , Clements Eleanor M. , Duong Anh Tuan , Das Raja , Huy Pham Thanh , Cho Sunglae , Witanachchi Sarath , Srikanth Hariharan , Phan Manh-Huong
Published: December 2021

A new magneto‐thermo‐electric cooling device (MTECD) comprising a central magnetocaloric (MC) material (e.g., Gd) sandwiched by two thermoelectric (TE) materials (e.g., MnP) is proposed. The presence of the TE materials in the MTECD guides the heat flow direction and enhances heat pulsation. In this case, the usage of a ferromagnetic TE material that combines large TE with small MC properties within a similar temperature region can enhance the magnetic flux density and heat exchange efficiency. Herein, it is shown that MnP nanorod‐structured films with desired magnetic, MC, and TE properties are very promising for use in MTECDs. The films are grown on Si substrates at 300, 400, and 500 °C using molecular beam epitaxy. The 400 °C sample shows a desired TE and MC combination. A large power factor of 24.06 μW m−1 K−2 is achieved at room temperature. In this temperature region, the film exhibits a small MC effect (−ΔSM ≈0.64 J kg−1 K and ΔTad ≈0.3 K at μ0H = 2 T) but ferromagnetism that gives rise to the enhanced MC effect of the central MC material. These properties can enable the MTECD to operate at high frequency.
Photochromism in Isotopically Labeled Oxygen‐Containing Yttrium−Hydride and Deuteride Thin‐Film Systems
Authors: Moro Marcos V. , Aðalsteinsson Sigurbjörn M. , Moldarev Dmitrii , Wolff Max , Primetzhofer Daniel
Published: December 2021

Photochromic mono‐ and bilayered thin films of oxygen‐containing isotope‐labeled yttrium−hydride (i.e., protium and deuterium) are synthesized via reactive Ar sputtering. Selected samples are encapsulated with transparent diffusion barriers. Combining depth‐resolved nondestructive ion beam‐based techniques for composition and optical spectrophotometry, material mobility in the samples during illumination and over time is investigated. The results reveal that deuteride thin films exhibit a strong photochromic response equivalent to hydrogenated systems. No evidence of long‐distance light‐induced hydrogen mobility or thermal diffusion is found. The findings thus show that photochromism is not connected to long‐distance material transport. The observations for encapsulated samples also exclude direct material exchange with the environment and any environmental influence on material mobility.
The sensitivity of probabilistic convective‐scale forecasts of an extratropical cyclone to atmosphere–ocean–wave coupling
Authors: Gentile Emanuele S. , Gray Suzanne L. , Lewis Huw W.
Published: December 2021

The benefits of dynamical atmosphere–ocean–wave coupling in probabilistic weather forecasts generated using convective‐scale ensemble prediction systems are to date unknown. We investigate the respective impacts of atmosphere–ocean–wave coupling, and initial condition (IC), lateral boundary condition (LBC), and stochastic physics perturbations within a convective‐scale ensemble coupled system for an extratropical cyclone case study. Towards this aim, we developed the first 18‐member, 2.2 km grid spacing ensemble regional coupled system (Ensemble‐RCS) with domain covering the British Isles and surrounding seas. Ensemble‐RCS coupled and uncoupled simulations of cyclone (February 2020) were performed. Adding stochastic perturbations to the model physics parametrizations enhances the ensemble spread of the uncoupled atmosphere‐only ensemble driven by IC and LBC perturbations, while slightly reducing (by up to 0.5 ms) the median of the ensemble 95th percentile 10‐m wind speeds from its value of about 24 ms at peak time. A substantial proportion of this impact is attributable to Charnock parameter perturbations alone. By coupling the atmosphere‐only ensemble, with stochastic physics, to the ocean, the ensemble median and spread is mainly unaffected. However, additional coupling to waves reduces the median wind speed by 1 ms, which leads to reductions of up to 70% in strong wind strike probability, and halving of the spatial coverage of high values (>50%) of this probability. Finally, we demonstrate the usefulness of two metrics originally developed for precipitation verification – the neighbourhood‐based Fraction Skill Score (FSS) and the object‐based Structure, Amplitude, Location (SAL) – for examining the spread in convective‐scale ensemble forecasts. It is concluded that coupling has a consistent impact across the ensemble members. Remarkably, the impact of coupling to waves is found to be comparable in size to that of adding IC, LBC and stochastic physics perturbations to the uncoupled atmosphere‐only ensemble simulation, implying that the dynamical coupling to ocean and sea‐state are important aspects of model uncertainty.
Assessing observation network design predictions for monitoring Antarctic surface temperature
Authors: Tardif Robert , Hakim Gregory J. , Bumbaco Karin A. , Lazzara Matthew A. , Manning Kevin W. , Mikolajczyk David E. , Powers Jordan G.
Published: December 2021

Networks of observations ideally provide adequate sampling of parameters to be monitored for climate and weather forecasting applications. This is a challenge for any network, but is particularly difficult in the harsh environment of the Antarctic continent. We evaluate a network design method providing objective information on station siting for optimal sampling of a variable, here taken to be surface air temperature. The method uses the concept of ensemble sensitivity to predict locations reducing the most total ensemble variance, that is, uncertainty, across the continent. The method is applied to a network of frequently‐reporting stations, and validation is performed using results from assimilating station observations. A cost‐efficient “offline” data assimilation framework is used to allow testing over a large sample of experiments, including a large number of randomly chosen networks that serve as a null hypothesis. Network design predictions agree well with observed error reductions from assimilation. The important role of stations on the East Antarctic Plateau in monitoring surface air temperature is evident in network design and data assimilation results, followed by stations in West Antarctica and the Ross Ice Shelf region. Antarctic coastal and Peninsula stations are found to provide the smallest information content integrated over the continent. Validation results are also robust to covariance localization, an essential factor for ensemble methods. Optimal networks outperform randomly chosen‐networks in all cases, by up to nearly 50%, depending on the size of the network and the covariance localization distance.
Effect of hypothyroidism and thyroid autoimmunity on the ovarian reserve: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hasegawa Yuko , Kitahara Yoshikazu , Osuka Satoko , Tsukui Yumiko , Kobayashi Mio , Iwase Akira
Published: December 2021

Background

Evidence suggests that hypothyroidism and thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) are possibly associated with ovarian dysfunction. This meta‐analysis aimed to investigate whether hypothyroidism and/or TAI affect the ovarian reserve and evaluated using the anti‐Mullerian hormone (AMH).

Methods

PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register databases from inception to October 2020 were searched to identify relevant studies. Studies comparing the AMH levels between the control and the affected groups were included in the data synthesis. The primary endpoint in the meta‐analysis was AMH levels compared with the controls.

Main findings

Nine trials were included in the analysis. The AMH levels were significantly lower in the adults with euthyroid TAI (mean difference −0.12, [95% CI: −0.18 to −0.06]). The AMH levels tended to be lower in subclinical hypothyroidism and overt hypothyroidism than in the control group, although the differences were not significant. The AMH levels were significantly higher in the euthyroid TAI group in the adolescents (mean difference 2.51, [95% CI 1.82 to 3.21]).

Conclusion

TAI and hypothyroidism may affect the ovarian reserve. The opposite effects on AMH levels depending on age suggest that TAI may be implicated in the depletion of follicles in adults following extensive activation of primordial follicles in adolescence.
Gender and Immunosuppression Impact on Merkel Cell Carcinoma Diagnosis and Prognosis. A Population Based Cohort Study
Authors: Keeling E. , O'Leary E. , Deady S. , O Neill J. P. , Conlon P. J. , Moloney F. J.
Published: December 2021

Background

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a rare cutaneous neuroendocrine endocrine tumour is increasing in incidence, and continues to carry a poor prognosis.

Objectives

The objectives of this study were to examine all Irish cases of MCC from 1 January 1994 over 2 decades, focusing on gender and organ transplantation recipients (OTRs). Cases were identified from the National Cancer Registry of Ireland. Covariates of interest included age, body site, period of diagnosis, deprivation-status and history of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC).

Results

In total 314 MCC cases were identified. A female predominance was noted (53.8%). Comparison between age-standardised rates between the earliest period (1994–1996) with the latest period (2012–2014) showed an increase of 105% in total. The trend in age-standardised incidence rates were noted to be increasing significantly (p = 0.0004). Average age at diagnosis was 77.6 years (male 75.1 years, female 79.7 years). Overall, the majority of MCC cases presented on the head and neck (n = 170, 54.1%). Differences in anatomical location of MCCs were noted between genders. Males were found to be more likely to have a history of previous NMSCs (males n = 73 [57.9%], females n = 53 [42.1%]). Thirty-one percentage of patients died from MCC, average survival was 3.5 years in those who died of this malignancy. Ten organ transplant recipients developed MCC. OTR who developed MCC were diagnosed at a younger average age of 65.1 years. Standardized incidence ratio for MCC in OTR was 59.96. A higher proportion of OTR died from MCC (70%), with a shorter median survival of 0.14 years. In competing risks regression, gender was not significantly associated with risk of dying, females having a non-significantly higher hazard of dying. Organ transplant recipients and patients from less deprived areas were at greater risk of dying from MCC.

Conclusions

This population based study provides epidemiological, clinical and outcome data for MCC over a 20-year period.
Extraction of Lysozyme from Chicken Albumen Using Polyelectrolyte Complexes
Authors: van Lente Jéré J. , Lindhoud Saskia
Published: December 2021

Cells use droplet‐like membrane‐less organelles (MLOs) to compartmentalize and selectively take‐up molecules, such as proteins, from their internal environment. These membraneless organelles can be mimicked by polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) consisting of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. Previous research has demonstrated that protein uptake strongly depends on the PEC composition. This suggests that PECs can be used to selectively extract proteins from a multi‐protein mixture. With this in mind, the partitioning of the protein lysozyme in four PEC systems consisting of different weak and strong polyelectrolyte combinations is investigated. All systems show similar trends in lysozyme partitioning as a function of the complex composition. The release of lysozyme from complexes at their optimal lysozyme uptake composition is investigated by increasing the salt concentration to 500 mm NaCl or lowering the pH from 7 to 4. Complexes of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and poly(acrylic acid) have the best uptake and release properties. These are used for selective extraction of lysozyme from a hen‐egg white protein matrix. The (back)‐extracted lysozyme retains its enzymatic activity, showing the capability of PECs to function as extraction media for proteins.
Mehrkernige Hohlprofil‐Verbundstützen
Authors: Chanou Mohamed , Naujoks Bernd
Published: December 2021

Stützen in Verbundbauweise zeichnen sich gegenüber herkömmlichen Stahlbetonstützen durch höhere Tragfähigkeiten aus. Ihre Bemessung für den Kaltzustand ist in DIN EN 1994‐1‐1 geregelt. Einen gebräuchlichen Verbundstützentyp stellt die Hohlprofil‐Verbundstütze dar. Durch den Einsatz mehrerer kreisrunder Stahlkerne als Einstellprofile, die sich im Hinblick auf Anzahl und Anordnung im Querschnitt variabel gestalten lassen, wird das Stützentragverhalten wesentlich verbessert. Der mehrkernige Verbundstützentyp wird jedoch nicht vom Anwendungsbereich des in DIN EN 1994‐1‐1 beschriebenen vereinfachten Nachweisverfahrens für den Nachweis der Gesamtstabilität abgedeckt. Das Regelwerk erlaubt zwar die Bemessung mithilfe des komplexen allgemeinen Bemessungsverfahrens, jedoch ist dieses mit einem hohen numerischen Berechnungsaufwand verbunden. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird in Anlehnung an das vereinfachte Verfahren nach DIN EN 1994‐1‐1 ein Konzept für ein Rechenverfahren erarbeitet. Im Rahmen des definierten Anwendungsbereichs ermöglicht dieses eine baupraktische Bemessung des mehrkernigen Stützentyps bei planmäßig zentrischem Druck sowie bei kombinierter Beanspruchung aus Druck und Biegung. Grundlage für die Herleitung sind umfangreiche theoretische Untersuchungen zur Beurteilung des Tragverhaltens des Verbundstützentyps.
Chemical Modifications in Nucleic Acids for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications
Authors: Fàbrega Carme , Aviñó Anna , Eritja Ramon
Published: December 2021

The last decade has witnessed the blooming of nucleic acids for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. In the present article, we describe the most important results from our group in this area covering the international context that surrounded this research. These include the study of modifications at the terminal and internal positions of siRNA duplexes to enhance nuclease resistance, increase loading of the antisense strand to RISC and avoid side effects such as activation of immune response and sense strand misloading. Then, we describe the design of novel lipid, carbohydrate and peptide conjugates to enhance cellular uptake. Finally, we describe the use of nanostructures for drug delivery and for the controlled deposition of matter on surfaces. We invite the readers to submerge into a highly interdisciplinary discipline that combines organic chemistry, biochemical assays, pharmacology issues as well as materials chemistry and structural studies in order to increase the applications of nucleic acids.
DNA damage and cell apoptosis induced by fungicide difenoconazole in mouse mononuclear macrophage RAW264.7
Authors: Li Ruirui , Liu Bin , Xu Wenping , Yu Lvnan , Zhang Cheng , Cheng Jiagao , Tao Liming , Li Zhong , Zhang Yang
Published: December 2021

Difenoconazole (DFC) is a typical triazole fungicide. Because of its effective bactericidal activity, it has been widely used in agricultural products such as fruits and vegetables. This study revealed the cytotoxic effect of fungicide DFC on mouse monocyte macrophage RAW264.7. The results showed that the IC50 value of DFC on RAW264.7 cells was 37.08 μM (24 h). DFC can significantly inhibit the viability of RAW264.7 cells, induce DNA damage and enhance apoptosis. The established cytotoxicity test showed that DFC‐induced DNA double strand breaks in RAW264.7 cells. DFC‐treated cells showed typical morphological changes of apoptosis, including chromatin condensation and nuclear lysis. In addition, DFC can induce the release of Cyt c, promote the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential and increase the Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio in RAW264.7 cells. Through this research, people further understand the toxicity of DFC and provide a more scientific basis for its safety application and risk management.
Use of a new device for gasless endosurgery in a laparoscopic diaphragmatic hernia repair ex vivo canine model: A pre‐clinical study
Authors: Brun Maurício V. , Sánchez‐Margallo Juan A. , Machado‐Silva Marco A. , Sánchez‐Margallo Francisco M.
Published: December 2021

Objectives

To test the feasibility of a new device for gasless laparoscopy in providing working space for diaphragmatic hernia repair in an ex vivo canine model as a pre‐clinical study.

Study design

Technical feasibility study.

Animal

Eight beagles and two greyhound cadavers (not client‐owned).

Methods

The new device was used for abdominal traction in gasless laparoscopic reconstruction of diaphragmatic hernias produced in dog cadavers. It consists of three main parts (vertical and horizontal rods, a three‐piece structure, and a 3D‐printed unit that incorporates slots for haemostatic forceps). Composite hernias (two incisions of about 4 cm) were closed by an intra‐corporeal suture [suture group (GS), n = 5] or by a central suture and a polypropylene mesh [mesh group (GM), n = 5]. Surgical steps were T1 (primary port access up to third port placement), T2 (defect development), and T3 (diaphragmatic reconstruction). Total surgical time (TT) was also recorded.

Results

The defect was successfully developed and reconstructed in all cadavers. To close the defect, 7.0 ± 0.7 crossed mattress sutures were required in the GS, and 15.2 ± 1.9 hernia staples and one intra‐corporal suture were used in the GM. T3 was longer (p = 0.0076) in GS (50.00 ± 16.46 min) than in GM (23.24 ± 5.25 min). TT was 87.22 ± 19.23 min in GS and 66.45 ± 6.38 min in GM (p = 0.0547).

Conclusions

Gasless laparoscopic diaphragmatic hernia repair using the developed device is feasible in the canine cadaver model. Both suture and mesh graft techniques for experimental diaphragmatic herniorrhaphy can be performed using this new device in this pre‐clinical model.

Clinical significance

This new device for gasless laparoscopy allows diaphragmatic herniorrhaphy by intra‐corporeal suture or mesh implantation in ex vivo canine model. The device demonstrates potential for future use in clinical cases.
Politics of attributing extreme events and disasters to climate change
Authors: Lahsen Myanna , Ribot Jesse
Published: December 2021

Climate change certainly shapes weather events. However, describing climate and weather as the cause of disasters can be misleading, since disasters are caused by pre‐existing fragilities and inequalities on the ground. Analytic frames that attribute disaster to climate can divert attention from these place‐based vulnerabilities and their socio‐political causes. Thus, while politicians may want to blame crises on climate change, members of the public may prefer to hold government accountable for inadequate investments in flood or drought prevention and precarious living conditions. To be both strategic and moral, framing choices must therefore be sensitive to context‐dependent political meanings and particularities, and to how the values implicit within analytic frames about the causes of disasters shape policy responses. Such sensitivity requires multicausal analysis of weather‐linked disasters to illuminate a broader range of means to reduce the damages associated with climate change and weather extremes. Through examples from around the world, and especially Brazil, we discuss how and why climate‐centric disaster framing can erase from view—and, thus, from policy agendas—the very socio‐economic and political factors that most centrally cause vulnerability and suffering in weather extremes and disasters. We also offer a theoretical discussion of why attribution is not neutral. Analytic frameworks always embed choices about factors that matter, and thus are inherently normative and consequential for understandings of responsibility and action.

This article is categorized under:

Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Climate Science and Decision Making

Highlight

Attributing crises only to climate is inadequate from a mechanical, moral, and strategic policy points of view.
Plant Community Response and Implications for Wildlife Following Control of a Nonnative Perennial Grass
Authors: Harper Craig A. , Gefellers J. Wade , Buehler David A. , Moorman Christopher E. , Zobel John M.
Published: December 2021

Restoration of early successional plant communities dominated by nonnative plant species is a central focus of many state and federal agencies to improve habitat for wildlife associated with these communities. Restoration efforts largely have concentrated on controlling nonnative species followed by planting native grasses and forbs. However, there are numerous establishment problems associated with planting that warrant evaluation of alternative approaches for restoration. We conducted a field experiment to compare vegetation composition and structure as related to habitat for focal wildlife among plant communities established by planting (Planted) native grasses and forbs and revegetation from the seedbank (Seedbank) without planting following control of tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus) at 15 replicated sites in Tennessee and Alabama, USA. Planted and Seedbank treatments produced similar plant communities. Vegetation structure providing cover for nesting and brooding northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) and wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) was similar between Seedbank and Planted treatments except native grass cover was greatest in Planted, and we recorded greater openness at ground level in Seedbank than Planted or tall fescue control (Control). Abundance of northern bobwhite food plants and selected white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) forage were similar between Planted and Seedbank treatments, but nutritional carrying capacity for deer was greatest in Seedbank. Despite similarities in food abundance, and even though all forbs included in the planting mixtures were food plants, the majority of food plants in Planted were from the seedbank. The compositional and structural characteristics deemed most influential in previous studies to selection of breeding sites by dickcissel (Spiza americana), field sparrow (Spizella pusilla), grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum), Henslow's sparrow (Ammodramus henslowii), and northern bobwhite were similar in Planted and Seedbank. Tall fescue Control was most similar to characteristics of eastern meadowlark (Sturnella magna) breeding sites. Revegetation following Seedbank produced a plant community that provided habitat for many wildlife species equal to or better than Planted and was 3.7 times less expensive than Planted. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Duck Nest Density and Survival in Post‐Conservation Reserve Program Lands
Authors: Rischette Alexander C. , Geaumont Benjamin A. , Elmore R. Dwayne , Schauer Christopher S. , Sedivec Kevin K. , Hovick Torre J.
Published: December 2021

Fluctuations in both commodity prices and conservation policy have reduced producer enrollment into the U.S. Department of Agriculture Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) in the northern Great Plains. Reductions of CRP hectares result in reduced nesting cover for upland nesting ducks as perennial cover is often converted to row crops. Working landscapes that include livestock grazing and haying as management options can maintain perennial grass cover and continue to provide habitat for many wildlife species while simultaneously creating a commodity. To assess the potential of working landscapes for waterfowl conservation, we estimated density and survival of duck nests in post‐CRP fields used for cattle grazing, haying, and crop production over a 9‐year study period in southwestern North Dakota, USA. We used the chain‐drag method to locate 477 nests of 6 duck species. The density analysis was separated into 2 periods to correspond to changes in treatments (i.e., 2006–2011 and 2013–2015). Mean ± SE nest density was lowest in crop fields (0.01 ± 0.01 nests/ha−1), which differed from idle (0.33 ± 0.06 nests/ha−1), season‐long grazed ( 0.18 ± 0.02 nests/ha−1), and haying (0.15 ± 0.04 nests/ha−1). We found no evidence that density was affected by grassland treatment from 2013–2015. Daily nest survival increased with nest age and vegetation height but was lower for nests located in crop fields. Based on our findings, it appears that livestock grazing could be a viable option for waterfowl conservation in post‐CRP fields if nesting vegetation height is considered in grazing plans. Loss of CRP may be mitigated by working landscapes that offer a management alternative to crop production. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Evaluation of Gum‐line Recession for Aging Lynx (Lynx canadensis)
Authors: Peers Michael J. L. , Majchrzak Yasmine N. , Studd Emily K. , Menzies Allyson K. , Kukka Piia M. , Konkolics Sean M. , Boonstra Rudy , Boutin Stan , Jung Thomas S.
Published: December 2021

Accurate age estimates of wildlife are important for both research and management purposes. Despite the value of determining the age of individuals, cost effective and minimally‐invasive approaches are lacking for most species. Assessment of gum‐line recession is a minimally‐invasive, cost‐effective method used for aging some felids; however, its reliability is unknown. Here, we evaluate the utility of gum‐line recession for aging Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis), using carcasses collected during the winters of 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 from trappers in Yukon, Canada. The purpose of our study was to 1) assess the repeatability of measuring gum‐line recession within and between observers, 2) compare measurements of gum‐line recession to estimates of age obtained from cementum annuli analysis, and 3) test for differences in mean gum‐line recession between age‐classes of lynx (i.e., young, prime adult, and old adults). We found that although estimated gum‐line recession was repeatable within an observer, it was not between observers, and did not correlate strongly with estimated age based on cementum annuli. Significant differences in mean gum‐line recession were found between age classes. We conclude that gum‐line recession does not provide an accurate estimate of age in Canada lynx and that other methods would be required if tooth extraction is not desirable. However, gum‐line recession may be useful for determining age class of lynx. Finally, we recommend similar assessments of precision and observer bias when measuring gum‐line recession to estimate the age of other species. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Reproductive outcomes after bariatric surgery in women
Authors: Micic Dragan D. , Toplak Hermann , Micic Dusan D. , Polovina Snezana P.
Published: December 2021

The presence of obesity may significantly influence female fertility through various mechanisms. Impairment of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis in obese women may induce anovulation and infertility. Obesity may have an effect on women’s spontaneous and assisted conception rates, increased miscarriage rates, premature labor, stillbirth and perinatal risks, and menstrual irregularity. It has been suggested that weight loss improves reproductive outcomes due to fertility amelioration and an improvement in menstrual irregularity and ovulation. It is still not known which weight reduction procedures (changes in lifestyle, pharmacological management or bariatric intervention) result in optimal outcome on infertility. Currently, bariatric surgery is defined as the best available method for the management of obesity and its associated diseases.

We have analyzed literature facts about effects of bariatric surgery on the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and sexual dysfunction in obesity and pregnancy in obesity. Immediate positive effects of bariatric surgery are evident at the moment, while for long-term outcomes more prolonged follow-up investigations should be done.
Identification of Youthful Neurocognitive Trajectories in Adults Aging with HIV: A Latent Growth Mixture Model
Authors: Saloner Rowan , Lobo Judith D. , Paolillo Emily W. , Campbell Laura M. , Letendre Scott L. , Cherner Mariana , Grant Igor , Heaton Robert K. , Ellis Ronald J. , Roesch Scott C. , Moore David J. ,   for the CHARTER Study Group, Grant Igor , Letendre Scott L. , Ellis Ronald J. , Marcotte Thomas D. , Franklin Donald , McCutchan J. Allen , Smith Davey M. , Heaton Robert K. , Atkinson J. Hampton , Dawson Matthew , Fennema-Notestine Christine , Taylor Michael J. , Theilmann Rebecca , Gamst Anthony C. , Cushman Clint , Abramson Ian , Vaida Florin , Sacktor Ned , Rogalski Vincent , Morgello Susan , Simpson David , Mintz Letty , McCutchan J. Allen , Collier Ann , Marra Christina , Storey Sher , Gelman Benjamin , Head Eleanor , Clifford David , Al-Lozi Muhammad , Teshome Mengesha
Published: December 2021

Despite the neurocognitive risks of aging with HIV, initial cross-sectional data suggest a subpopulation of older people with HIV (PWH) possess youthful neurocognition (NC) characteristic of SuperAgers (SA). Here we characterize longitudinal NC trajectories of older PWH and their convergent validity with baseline SA status, per established SuperAging criteria in PWH, and baseline biopsychosocial factors. Growth mixture modeling (GMM) identified longitudinal NC classes in 184 older (age ≥ 50-years) PWH with 1–5 years of follow-up. Classes were defined using ‘peak-age’ global T-scores, which compare performance to a normative sample of 25-year-olds. 3-classes were identified: Class 1Stable Elite (n = 31 [16.8%], high baseline peak-age T-scores with flat trajectory); Class 2Quadratic Average (n = 100 [54.3%], intermediate baseline peak-age T-scores with u-shaped trajectory); Class 3Quadratic Low (n = 53 [28.8%], low baseline peak-age T-scores with u-shaped trajectory). Baseline predictors of Class 1Stable Elite included SA status, younger age, higher cognitive and physiologic reserve, and fewer subjective cognitive difficulties. This GMM analysis supports the construct validity of SuperAging in older PWH through identification of a subgroup with longitudinally-stable, youthful neurocognition and robust biopsychosocial health.
Husserl on Minimal Mind and the Origins of Consciousness in the Natural World
Authors: Marosan Bence Peter
Published: December 2021

The main aim of this article is to offer a systematic reconstruction of Husserl’s theory of minimal mind and his ideas pertaining to the lowest level of consciousness in living beings. In this context, the term ‘minimal mind’ refers to the mental sphere and capacities of the simplest conceivable subject. This topic is of significant contemporary interest for philosophy of mind and empirical research into the origins of consciousness. I contend that Husserl’s reflections on minimal mind offer a fruitful contribution to this ongoing debate. For Husserl, the embodied character of subjectivity, or consciousness, is essential for understanding minimal mind. In his view, there is an a priori necessary constitutive connection between the subjective and objective aspects of the body, between Leib and Körper, and this connection is especially important for exploring minimal mind from a phenomenological perspective. Thematically, the essay has three main parts. In Sect. 2, I present an overview of how minimal mind is framed in contemporary philosophy of mind and empirical research. I then analyse Husserl’s conception of embodiment with regard to the problem of minimal mind in Sect. 3. Finally, I present a more detailed investigation into Husserl’s account of minimal mind, highlighting features from his descriptions of animal mind and consciousness in early infancy (Sects. 4 and 5).
Gender Differences in the Work and Home Spheres for Teachers, and Longitudinal Associations with Depressive Symptoms in a Swedish Cohort
Authors: Stengård Johanna , Mellner Christin , Toivanen Susanna , Nyberg Anna
Published: December 2021

The high level of stress among teachers is a frequently reported problem globally but less is known about how demands and resources among teachers affect depressive symptoms, and to what extent gender differences in these conditions can explain potential differences in depressive symptoms. The present study investigated gender differences in teachers’ self-reported depressive symptoms, and differences in their demands and resources in both work and home spheres. Associations between demands and resources, respectively, and depressive symptoms as well as gender differences in these associations were examined. Results from univariate and parallel growth modelling (N = 1,022), using data from six time points (2008 to 2018), found higher levels of depressive symptoms, higher emotional and quantitative work demands, and more time doing unpaid work among female teachers, whereas male teachers reported more time on leisure activities. Emotional and quantitative work demands were associated with depressive symptoms at baseline, and these associations also developed in parallel over time. Leisure time had a negative association with depressive symptoms at baseline. There were no gender differences in the strength of these associations. Findings suggest that gender differences in teachers’ depressive symptoms could be attributable to women’s greater demands in the work sphere and fewer resources in the home sphere than men as opposed to their being more vulnerable to workplace stressors.
A Comparison of Sparse and Non-sparse Techniques for Electric-Field Inversion from Normal-Component Magnetograms
Authors: Mackay Duncan H. , Yeates Anthony R.
Published: December 2021

An important element of 3D data-driven simulations of solar magnetic fields is the determination of the horizontal electric field at the solar photosphere. This electric field is used to drive the 3D simulations and inject energy and helicity into the solar corona. One outstanding problem is the localisation of the horizontal electric field such that it is consistent with Ohm’s law. Yeates (Astrophys. J.836(1), 131, 2017) put forward a new “sparse” technique for computing the horizontal electric field from normal-component magnetograms that minimises the number of non-zero values. This aims to produce a better representation of Ohm’s law compared to previously used “non-sparse” techniques. To test this new approach we apply it to active region (AR) 10977, along with the previously developed non-sparse technique of Mackay, Green, and van Ballegooijen (Astrophys. J.729(2), 97, 2011). A detailed comparison of the two techniques with coronal observations is used to determine which is the most successful. Results show that the non-sparse technique of Mackay, Green, and van Ballegooijen (2011) produces the best representation for the formation and structure of the sigmoid above AR 10977. In contrast, the Yeates (2017) approach injects strong horizontal fields between spatially separated, evolving magnetic polarities. This injection produces highly twisted unphysical field lines with significantly higher magnetic energy and helicity. It is also demonstrated that the Yeates (2017) approach produces significantly different results that can be inconsistent with the observations depending on whether the horizontal electric field is solved directly or indirectly through the magnetic vector potential. In contrast, the Mackay, Green, and van Ballegooijen (2011) method produces consistent results using either approach. The sparse technique of Yeates (2017) has significant pitfalls when applied to spatially resolved solar data, where future studies need to investigate why these problems arise.
The Reproductive Transition: Effects on Viral Replication, Immune Activation, and Metabolism in Women with HIV infection
Authors: Abelman Rebecca , Tien Phyllis C.
Published: December 2021

Purpose of Review

To describe research advances in the menopausal transition (MT) and its effects on HIV replication, immune activation, and metabolic parameters in women living with HIV (WLWH).

Recent Findings.

Physiologic changes due to declines in ovarian reserve characterize the MT. Evidence suggests that estrogen depletion influences HIV replication and the latent reservoir. Changes in markers of immune activation, waist circumference, and neurocognition, independent of chronologic age, occur before the final menstrual period (FMP). HIV effects on gut microbial translocation and adipose tissue, as well as health disparities in WLWH may contribute. Improved biomarker sensitivity to predict FMP provides opportunities to study MT in WLWH.

Research is needed to determine the effects of MT and HIV on virologic and clinical outcomes, using accurate assessments to predict the FMP and menopausal stages. These findings could inform the timing of interventions to prevent early onset of adverse outcomes in WLWH.
New Ediacaran fossils from the Ukraine, some with a putative tunicate relationship
Authors: Martyshyn Andrej , Uchman Alfred
Published: December 2021

Sack-like body fossils Finkoella ukrainica gen. et sp. nov. and F. oblonga sp. nov., and reticulate fossil Pharyngomorpha reticulata gen. et sp. nov. are described from the upper Ediacaran shallow-marine deposits of Ukraine, which are no younger than 557 Ma. The first two resemble the flattened bodies of tunicates showing mainly the outline of tunica, while the third is considered as a fragment of the pharyngeal basket of a tunicate. F. ukrainica is represented by smaller individuals interpreted as juveniles, which may occur in clusters together with less numerous larger individuals. The larger forms are interpreted as adults, some of which show the preserved oral/atrial syphons and possible traces of internal organs bulging through the tunica. Moreover, Burykhia sp. from the uppermost Ediacaran of the same region is presented. This is the second and younger occurrence of the genus Burykhia, which is preserved as a possible fragment of the pharyngeal basket. All the fossils are preserved as the “death masks” between microbial mats, and their appearance depends partly on the relation to the parting surface on which they are observed. The presented new taxa along with the literature data reinforce the possibility that tunicates originated already in late Ediacaran.
Consolidation of volcanic tuffs with TEOS and TMOS: a systematic study
Authors: Pötzl Christopher , Rucker Stine , Wendler Eberhard , Siegesmund Siegfried
Published: December 2021

In this study, nine volcanic tuffs from Armenia, Germany and Mexico were treated with two commercially available consolidants on base of silicic acid ester, as well as different pretreatments with an anti-swelling agent and/or primer components. Prior to the treatment, the tuffs were analyzed regarding their petrography and mineralogy, with a greater focus on their clay mineral content. The effect of the consolidation was evaluated by comparative analyses of petrophysical properties and weathering behavior before and after the treatments. The main goals of this study were to identify a general suitability of different consolidating treatments for different types of tuff, evaluating tartaric acid as a primer component for tuff consolidation and to pursue the approach of finding a molecular answer for apparent tuff consolidation problematics, by testing a consolidation agent with smaller molecule sizes than current products on the market: tetramethoxysilane (TMOS).
The impact of diagenesis on the reservoir quality of the early Cretaceous Lower Goru sandstones in the Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan
Authors: Dar Qamar UZ Zaman , Pu Renhai , Baiyegunhi Christopher , Shabeer Ghulam , Ali Rana Imran , Ashraf Umar , Sajid Zulqarnain , Mehmood Mubashir
Published: December 2021

The sandstone units of the Early Cretaceous Lower Goru Formation are significant reservoir for gas, oil, and condensates in the Lower Indus Basin of Pakistan. Even though these sandstones are significant reservoir rocks for hydrocarbon exploration, the diagenetic controls on the reservoir properties of the sandstones are poorly documented. For effective exploration, production, and appraisal of a promising reservoir, the diagenesis and reservoir properties must be comprehensively analyzed first. For this study, core samples from depths of more than 3100 m from the KD-01 well within the central division of the basin have been studied. These sandstones were analyzed using petrographic, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopic analyses to unravel diagenetic impacts on reservoir properties of the sandstone. Medium to coarse-grained and well-sorted sandstone have been identified during petrographic study. The sandstone are categorized as arkose and lithic arkose. Principal diagenetic events which have resulted in changing the primary characters of the sandstones are compaction, cementation, dissolution, and mineral replacement. The observed diagenetic processes can be grouped into early, burial, and late diagenesis. Chlorite is the dominant diagenetic constituent that occurs as rims, coatings, and replacing grains. The early phase of coating of authigenic chlorite has preserved the primary porosity. The recrystallization of chlorite into chamosite has massively reduced the original pore space because of its bridging structure. The current study reveals that diagenetic processes have altered the original rock properties and reservoir characteristics of the Lower Goru sandstone. These preliminary outcomes of this study have great potential to improve the understanding of diagenetic process and their impact on reservoir properties of the Lower Goru sandstone in the Lower Indus Basin and adjoining areas.
Effects of 5 Years Aerobic Exercise on Cognition in Older Adults: The Generation 100 Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zotcheva Ekaterina , Håberg Asta Kristine , Wisløff Ulrik , Salvesen Øyvind , Selbæk Geir , Stensvold Dorthe , Ernstsen Linda
Published: December 2021

Objective

The objective of this study was to investigate whether a 5-year exercise intervention and change in peak oxygen uptake ($$V{\text{O}}_{{2{\text{peak}}}}$$

V

O

2
peak

) is associated with cognitive function in older adults.

Methods

Nine hundred and forty-five participants (48% women, mean age at study end 78.2 ± 2.02 years) from the Generation 100 Study were randomized 2:1:1 to a control group, moderate-intensity continuous training or high-intensity interval training twice weekly for 5 years. Peak oxygen uptake was measured using ergospirometry at baseline and after 5 years. Global cognition and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale (MoCA) after 5 years.

Results

Compared to the control group, the combined moderate-intensity continuous training plus high-intensity interval training (ExComb) group did not have significantly different cognitive scores (beta value 0.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] − 0.17, 0.69) or odds of MCI (odds ratio 0.86, 95% CI 0.66, 1.13). Men in the ExComb group had 0.80 points higher MoCA (95% CI 0.21, 1.40) and 32% lower odds of MCI compared with male controls (95% CI 0.47, 0.99), with no such findings in women. In the total sample, each 1 metabolic equivalent of task increase in $$V{\text{O}}_{{2{\text{peak}}}}$$

V

O

2
peak

corresponded to 0.46 points higher MoCA (95% CI 0.25, 0.67) and 27% lower odds of MCI (95% CI 0.63, 0.85). Compared to $$V{\text{O}}_{{2{\text{peak}}}}$$

V

O

2
peak

stable, participants whose $$V{\text{O}}_{{2{\text{peak}}}}$$

V

O

2
peak

increased did not have significantly different cognitive scores (beta value 0.24, CI − 0.68, 1.15) or odds of MCI (odds ratio 0.70, 95% CI 0.36, 1.34), whereas participants whose $$V{\text{O}}_{{2{\text{peak}}}}$$

V

O

2
peak

decreased had 0.64 points lower MoCA (95% CI − 1.15, − 0.14) and 35% higher odds of MCI (95% CI 0.98, 1.87).

Conclusions

Overall, exercise was not significantly associated with cognition among older adults. However, maintaining or increasing $$V{\text{O}}_{{2{\text{peak}}}}$$

V

O

2
peak

appeared to benefit cognition.

Clinical Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01666340.
Computational Assessment of the Expression-Modulating Potential for Non-Coding Variants
Authors: Shi Fang-Yuan , Wang Yu , Huang Dong , Liang Yu , Liang Nan , Chen Xiao-Wei , Gao Ge
Published: December 2021

Large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) studies have identified multiple non  -  coding variants associated with genetic diseases by affecting gene expression. However, pinpointing causal variants effectively and efficiently remains a serious challenge. Here, we developed CARMEN, a novel algorithm to identify functional non-coding expression-modulating variants. Multiple evaluations demonstrated CARMEN’s superior performance over state-of-the-art tools. Applying CARMEN to GWAS and eQTL datasets further pinpointed several causal variants other than the reported lead single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). CARMEN scales well with the massive datasets, and is available online as a web server at http://carmen.gao-lab.org.
Unusual Sting by a Nonindigenous Caterpillar in Europe
Authors: Torrents Romain , Reynoard Julien , Schmitt Corinne , Glaizal Mathieu , de Haro Luc , Simon Nicolas
Published: December 2021

On the French island of Corsica, a 57-y-old woman without significant medical history was stung on the left thumb while she was taking care of an ornamental Ficus benjamina plant. Immediately, she felt intense pain in her hand. She saw a strange caterpillar, later identified by the local poison center as Acharia stimulea. The pain in her hand was evaluated as 8 of 10 using the numerical pain rating scale; only a slight erythema was visible on her skin. Symptoms disappeared within 2 h with use of local anti-inflammatory ointment and oral painkillers. Three other caterpillars emerged out of the soil of the potted plant during the following week. This sting by a saddleback caterpillar is exceptional in Corsica. French garden store owners and healthcare professionals should be informed that caterpillars can be imported across the oceans to Europe on different plants.