bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vasile Alecsandri: Unique Aspects of the Biographical Itinerary vs. Recovery of the Writer's Memory
Authors:   Free International University of Moldova, Ichim-Radu Mihaela Nicoleta
Published: November 2021

Among the writers of his generation, Alecsandri is the most comprehensive one, expressing not only the patriotic aspirations and desires, but also the discoveries from the universe of the private life and trying to make himself noticed in almost all the main literary genres and species. By different circumstances, Alecsandri gets to travel through Moldavia, Wallachia, Bucovina and Transylvania, to the European part of Turkey, to Italy, Austria, Germany, France, Spain, Great Britain, North of Africa, either for personal pleasure, to accompany Elena Negri, who was trying to find a more favourable climate for her fragile health, or for official business. All these travels and each of them separately are part of the development of his creation, leaving marks in his fiction and poetry and “it is printed on the screen of the human experience which defines his public and private personality”. In one of these travels, Alecsandri will discover the folk poetry, discovery which will profoundly mark his destiny as a writer and it will also have immeasurable consequences on the entire development of the Romanian literature from the last century, but also from the years to follow. As a result of the translations into French, German and English of the folk poems or of some of his original poems, Alecsandri becomes one of our first modern writers who became famous also abroad, being accessible to the foreign world.
Romanian Francophony, the Beautiful Stranger
Authors:   ", Gradu Diana ,   Alexandru Ioan Cuza",   Univeristy, Romania
Published: November 2021

French in Romanian space meant much more than mastering a linguistic instrument, being the expression of adherence to a whole series of values, ideas and ideals specific to modern European nations. Romanian intellectuals and political elites chose French as an idiom for the expression of freedom, modernity and the belonging of Romanian space to the Europe of free nations. The francophone dimension of Romania developed especially during the first half of the 20th century. It was at this time that Bucharest became little Paris”. Many Romanian writers then chose to create the most significant part of their work in French. Illustrious names, including those of Constantin Brancusi, Eugène Ionesco, Mircea Eliade, Georges Enesco, Emil Cioran, have since become part of the Francophone cultural heritage. The French-speaking component of Romanian history, built over two centuries of history, has been able to resist even under the conditions of great precariousness imposed under totalitarianism, after the Second World War. Immediately after the return of democracy, Romania joined, as a full member, the institutional Francophonie (1993), returning to the Francophone family to which it was attached in an extremely rich past.
Sjeverna granica Panonaca i rijeka Drava / The northern border of the Pannonians and the river Drava
Authors: Kovács Péter
Published: November 2021

In his paper the author analyses the change of the Pannon and Pannonian tribes in the province of Pannonia during the early Principate and the northern border of the Pannonian tribes that was, according to the generally accepted view, the Drava river. Based on the written and epigraphic sources (including the new Roman finds from  county of Somogy) and the LTD finds, the author concludes that the ethnic border was  north of the river in county Somogy as no late Celtic settlements and cemeteries can be  pointed out south of Kaposvár.
Gornja Tuzla – prahistorijsko naselje sjeveroistočne Bosne / Gornja Tuzla - Prehistoric settlement of Northeastern Bosnia
Authors: Brigić Dženan
Published: November 2021

Gornja Tuzla is located on far slopes mountain Majevica, with upper streamof  river Jala, aroun 10km from todays city of Tuzla, in the direction of northeast. This is a rather devastated locality, where the most damage has been done to youngest layer. Most of settlement, whose surface Čović estimates aroun 12 i1 5ha, based on findings of pottery fragments on the ground. Even today, at the bottom of tell, one can see a many fragments of local reddsish pottery from starčevo type. Đuro Basler was the first one who determined the existance of prehistoric settlement when he found grave from iron age. Later, Benac and Čović visited Gornja Tuzla and 1955. Čović opened a first probe, and after learning that cultural layers are going deeper into the ground, he opened another probe 1956, and 1957 where he digged all the way to the sterile soil. Next year, 1958. he opened the biggest probe, probe II (1958) and in that probe he determined complete stratigrapy of neolithich settlement Gornja Tuzla. According to his analysis, VI and deepest layer belongs to Stačevo culture of middle neolithic, and younger layers to the Vinča culture, and the youngest one to eneolithic culture which proved the continuity of life. Second and last  excavation has been done in the years 2008/2009 when smaller probe was opened  bu the results of research have never been published. Gornja Tuzla represents one of the most important settlements in Bosnia and Hercegovinia considering that with  Obre I, has the deepest layers which dates from periodo of middle neolitihic and has  the key role in understanding period of transition from middle neolitihic Starčevo  to young neolithic Vinča culture.
O adaptaciji latinskih imena i nekih rimskih tehničkih termina / On the Adaptation of Latin Names and some Roman Technical Terms
Authors: Beljan Dijana
Published: November 2021

The topic of this paper is Latin personal names and their adaptation into South Slavic languages based on a shtokavian standard (Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian and Montenegrin), with examples and proposed solutions.  According to tradition, Latin names were first read and written phonetically, a process in which the original name was completely distorted, as its root was masked. A problem arises when researchers come into contact with rarer or newer names, either Greek or Latin, and, not paying attention to the rules of adaptation, adapt the new names by modelling them after similar names according to the Latin nominative or incorrectly read the root of the name and write them down phonetically.  This requires a permanent solution, which, we believe, lies in the original writing  which preserves the root of the name and leaves open the possibility of both pronunciations: the original Roman (classical) pronunciation, and the simplified (traditional) pronunciation brought about in the Middle Ages, e.g. Caesar-Caesara-s  Caesarom [Kajsar-Kajsara-s Kajsarom / Cezar-Cezara-s Cezarom]. In order to apply or, at least, attempt to apply this, it is necessary to become acquainted with the nature of the Latin language, which has its own principles of writing and pronunciation, especially with regard to ancient Rome as the subject of scholarly writing and publication. This, of course, cannot by applied to newlycoined technical terms from the fields of medicine, pharmaceuticals, and information technology, as they do not date from the classical period, but are rather modern  coined words which have a traditional approach to Latin and, while they are often  incorrectly coined, are not the subject of this paper. Examples are added which are incorrectly coined from the fields of government, law and religion, which are also adopted haphazardly and written according to the researcher’s discretion.
Izvještaj sa naučnog skupa povodom pedesetogodišnjice smrti prof. dr. Esada Pašalića
Authors: Selimović Arnela
Published: November 2021

Report
Cezarov posjet Iliriku 57. /56. g. pr. Kr. / Caesar’s visit to Illyricum in 57/56 B.C.
Authors: Bilić-Dujmušić Siniša , Milivojević Feđa
Published: November 2021

This article is dealing with the chronology and subject of Caesar’s first visit to Illyricum. Namely, at the beginning of winter in 57 B.C. Gaius Julius Caesar, the governor of Illyricum and the two Gauls, set off to Illyricum with the intent to visit the local communities and to acquaint himself with the area. However, in Gaul suddenly broke out the rebellion of the Veneti and their allies. Caesar’s subordinate  commander in the area, Publius Licinius Crassus, informed Caesar about these  events. As he was quite distant, Caesar ordered military ships to be built on the  river that flows in the Atlantic Ocean (Liger fl.) and told Crassus he will proceed  to the army cum primum per anni tempus potuit. This seemingly short episode during Caesar’s governorship of Illyricum is attested with only a few words in the third  book of Commentarii de Bello Gallico (bell. Gall. III, VII – IX). Although noticed  in modern historiography, to date no significant scholarly attention or satisfactory  analysis has been paid to it. In modern historiography it is mentioned exclusively  in the works dealing with a far wider context. There is only an overview, with a prevailing opinion that due to the war with the Veneti Caesar had to adjourn his  short visit to Illyricum or that he did not even arrive there. Yet with the analysis  of general historical circumstances, specific chronology of the period and Caesar’s  work on Gallic wars, an exactly different conclusion is to be made. Here the authors  give new interpretation of Caesar’s words and contemporary information on the  political events in Rome. Thus proving not only that Caesar’s departure to war with  the Veneti cannot be chronologically associated with his departure to Illyricum, but  that Caesar indeed visited Illyricum; that his visit lasted much longer than it has  been considered so far; and that his reasons for the visit stemmed from the significance of the province in Caesar’s plans for future engagements.
Characteristic Imaging Finding and Spot Radiological Diagnosis in A Young Man with Acute Breathlessness and Chest Pain
Authors: Mishra Mayank , Kumar Subodh
Published: November 2021

Septic pulmonary embolism (SPE) is a serious complication of fulminant bacteraemia, usually seen in immunocompromised persons or intravenous drug abusers [...]
Inhaled Budesonide for Mild COVID-19. Is There More to It Than Just Airways?
Authors: Rathi Sahaj , Ish Pranav , Kalantri Ashwini , Kalantri Shriprakash
Published: November 2021

As healthcare systems in many countries buckle under the immense pressure of rising COVID cases, a drug which can reduce emergency visits would be a huge boon [...]
On-Admission versus In-Hospital Thromboembolism Due to COVID-19 Infection. What Is the Particular Characteristic of Those with Early Thrombotic Events?
Authors: Sadeghi Somayeh , Keivany Elaheh , Nasirian Maryam , Nasri Peiman
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Increasing evidence has declared a hypercoagulable state in the coronavirus 2019 infection (COVID-19), while the etiology has remained a question. For the first time, the current study has aimed to compare the contributors of thromboembolism among those whose primary manifestations of COVID-19 were thrombosis vs the patients with a thrombotic event during the period of hospitalization. Material and methods: This case-control study has been conducted on 267 COVID-19 patients, including 59, 48, and 160 ones with an on-admission, in-hospital, and without a thrombotic event, respectively. The events were defined as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), ischemic cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), or acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The demographic, physical examination, clinical and laboratory assessments of the groups were compared. Results: The DVT (OR: 5.18; 95% CI: 1.01–26.7), AMI (OR: 11.1; 95% CI: 2.36–52.3), and arterial thrombosis (OR: 5.93; 95% CI: 0.63–55.8) were significantly associated with an on-admission thrombosis compared to those who presented in-hospital events. Lower levels of oxygen saturation were the only significant predictor index inversely associated with on-admission thrombosis compared to those with an event during the hospital admission period. Conclusion: PTE development was the most common in-hospital thrombotic event, whereas other thromboembolism types were remarkably more often among cases with on-admission events. Oxygen saturation was the only predictor of premature thrombosis that was inversely associated with outpatient events.
New Method of Materials Flow Calculation for Double-String SLCI Type Cement Plant (Part 1: The Whole Clinker Plant)
Authors: Darmanto Prihadi Setyo , Muzakki Izzan Hakim , Astina I Made , Juangsa Firman Bagja , Amalia Alfi , Syahlan Arief
Published: November 2021

Materials flow values are instrumental in many industries for controlling and simulating processes, designing new equipment as well as modifying existing plants. They are sometimes impossible to determine by direct measurement in an operating plant due to the very high temperatures. This study attempted to overcome the difficulties associated with this measurement by proposing a new method to calculate materials flow of a double-string suspension preheater type of cement plant with separate line and in-line calciners (SLC-I), with heat balance error less than 1%. This study was divided into two sequential parts, with the first part presented in this paper. The methodology of the first part was to solve the conservation law of the main clinker plant equipment, supported by Bogue’s equation, the heat of calcination, and the thermodynamic properties of the related materials. The least-square method was employed for solving the overdetermined system equations obtained in the second part. The results of the first part were: the ratio of heat formation to specific heat consumption was 52.13% (> 50%), and the gas exhausted from the plant yielded more than 117 MW heat equivalent, which can potentially be recovered for electricity production.
Explainable U-Net model forMedical Image Segmentation
Authors: Poudel Sahadev , Lee Sang-Woong
Published: November 2021

In this nutshell, we propose a simple, efficient, and explainable deep learning-based U-Net algorithm for the MedAI challenge, focusing on precise segmentation of polyp and instrument and transparency on algorithms. We develop a straightforward encoder-decoder-based algorithm for the task above. We make an effort to make a simple network as much as possible. Specially, we focus on input resolution and width of the model to find the best optimal settings for the network. We perform ablation studies to cover this aspect.
Gestehungskosten refinanzieren
Authors: Tybussek Kai
Published: November 2021

Auskömmliche Pflegesätze tragen den Löwenanteil zur wirtschaftlichen Führung von Diensten und Einrichtungen der Pflege und der Eingliederungshilfe bei. Deshalb ist den Verhandlungen mit den Kostenträgern höchste Aufmerksamkeit zu schenken.
Overhead-Kosten nachhaltig und rechtssicher finanzieren
Authors: Nagy Attila , Huffziger Anne
Published: November 2021

Eine professionelle betriebswirtschaftliche und fachliche Steuerung aller Unternehmensbereiche ist heute in der Sozialwirtschaft unabdingbar, um rechtlichen Anforderungen lückenlos gerecht zu werden, Risiken zu vermeiden und ein gutes Leistungsangebot sicherzustellen. Dazu ist es erforderlich, ein optimiertes Gesamtsystem zu schaffen mit einer optimalen Aufgabenteilung zwischen zentralen und dezentralen Einheiten. Doch neue gesetzliche Bestimmungen erschweren die Refinanzierung der Overhead-Bereiche bei sozialen Leistungsanbietern weiter. Attila Nagy und Anne Huffziger von der rosenbaum nagy unternehmensberatung zeigen gangbare Wege aus dieser Zwickmühle auf.
Kündigungsschutz für den »besonderen Vertreter«
Authors: Lochelfeldt Sven
Published: November 2021

Viele Vereine haben neben dem ehrenamtlichen Vorstand eine hauptamtliche Geschäftsführung. Im Konfliktfall stellt sich dann oft die Frage, ob dieser »besondere Vertreter« den allgemeinen Regeln beim Kündigungsschutz unterliegt.
The Mari Lwyd Has Entered the Chat: Intangible Heritage in the Age of Covid-19
Authors: Howell David
Published: November 2021

Covid-19 and lockdown measures severely limited social movement and interaction. These protective measures had significant impacts on intangible cultural heritage. In a global context, living and performance based forms of heritage largely ceased, causing damaging interruptions for the continuity of traditional practice. Many traditional practitioners and community groups turned to online video sharing platforms as a means of continuing and communicating their cultural forms. This chapter explores the potential and limitations of digital media as a means of maintaining intangible heritage in extreme scenarios, and questions what lessons need to be learned by heritage practitioners when considering these forms of media as part of heritage safeguarding strategies.
Application of Supplementary Cementitious Materials in Precast Concrete Industry
Authors: Akhnoukh Amin
Published: November 2021

Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) are increasingly incorporated into the concrete mix design. Silica fume, fly ash, and multi-wall carbon nanotubes are used to improve concrete mix properties. The objective of this chapter is to decipher the impact of different SCMs on the fresh and hardened concrete properties, including concrete flowing ability, initial strength, final strength, modulus of elasticity, and modulus of rupture. In addition, the impact of SCMs on mitigating the alkali-silica reactivity of concrete and increasing the hardened concrete long-term performance is investigated. Developed concrete mixes, incorporating SCMs, are used in fabricating different precast/prestressed bridge girders. The impact of improved concrete properties on precast girder performance in increased flexure, shear, and span-to-depth ratio significantly improves project sustainability and reduces the overall project life cycle cost.
Binaural Reproduction Based on Bilateral Ambisonics
Authors: Ben-Hur Zamir , Alon David , Berebi Or , Mehra Ravish , Rafaely Boaz
Published: November 2021

Binaural reproduction of high-quality spatial sound has gained considerable interest with the recent technology developments in virtual and augmented reality. The reproduction of binaural signals in the Spherical-Harmonics (SH) domain using Ambisonics is now a well-established methodology, with flexible binaural processing realized using SH representations of the sound-field and the Head-Related Transfer Function (HRTF). However, in most practical cases, the binaural reproduction is order-limited, which introduces truncation errors that have a detrimental effect on the perception of the reproduced signals, mainly due to the truncation of the HRTF. Recently, it has been shown that manipulating the HRTF phase component, by ear-alignment, significantly reduces its effective SH order while preserving its phase information, which may be beneficial for alleviating the above detrimental effect. Incorporating the ear-aligned HRTF into the binaural reproduction process has been suggested by using Bilateral Ambisonics, which is an Ambisonics representation of the sound-field formulated at the two ears. While this method imposes challenges on acquiring the sound-field, and specifically, on applying head-rotations, it leads to a significant reduction in errors caused by the limited-order reproduction, which yields a substantial improvement in the perceived binaural reproduction quality even with first order SH.
Interdisciplinary Reverse Planning in Orthodontics
Authors: Nakagawa dos Santos Guilherme , Lenzi de Araujo Charles , Cassiano Pucci da Silva Ramos Romeu
Published: November 2021

Most adult patient cases are multidisciplinary cases, so it’s planning can become difficult when we need to connect many dentistry fields to achieve ideal results. The interdisciplinary reverse planning is a well-known topic for dental rehabilitation professionals, so this chapter will address the role of orthodontics in reverse digital planning, improving longevity, reducing biological impacts and helping to communicate with patients, other doctors and dental technicians. 3D CAD technology allows us to plan these complex cases before the patient starts treatment, this tool will be essential to orchestrate the exact moment to start orthodontic, prosthetic and/or surgical interventions, so the workflow becomes ordenate and the outcome will be aligned with aesthetics and functional aspects and in harmony with facial references.
Basic Information about Carbenes
Authors: Tuna Subasi Nuriye
Published: November 2021

In organic chemistry, good knowledge of the chemistry of reactive intermediates is very important in understanding organic chemistry, which has a systematic like mathematics. Having this information, it is possible to predict the reactions and the products to be formed on the reactive intermediates. Otherwise, it becomes impossible to learn organic chemistry, which has a very wide scope. This chapter of the book will be a guide that summarizes the essential information about carbene, one of the important reactive intermediates. It is planned to include the following sub-headings in this chapter: Carbene definition and properties, Nomenclature of carbenes, Structure and reactivity of carbenes, Carbene synthesis, Carbene reactions.
Soliton Like-Breather Induced by Modulational Instability in a Generalized Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation
Authors: Abdoulkary Saïdou , Mohamadou Alidou
Published: November 2021

We consider the nonlinear Schrödinger equation modified by a rational nonlinear term. The model appears in various studies often in the context of the Ginzburg-Landau equation. We investigate modulational instability by means of a linear stability analysis and show how the nonlinear terms affect the growth rate. This analytical result is confirmed by a numerical simulation. The latter analysis shows that breather-like solitons are generated from the instability, and the effects of the nonlinear terms are again clearly seen. Moreover, by employing an auxiliary-equation method we obtain kink and anti-kink soliton as analytical solutions. Our theoretical solution is in good agreement with our numerical investigation.
Fusarium Soilborne Pathogen
Authors: Dusengemungu Leonce
Published: November 2021

Fusarium species are among the most persistent species of soilborne fungal pathogens. They cause severe economic damage in different agricultural production (potato, wheat, rice, etc.) due to the mycelia and chlamydospores that play a role during the infection of host plants. Our review has explored various studies on Fusarium species. The mechanisms involved in enhancing the protective ability of the Fusarium strain have been discussed. Furthermore, the current chemical and biological control methods to minimize Fusarium species’ impact on crops were highlighted. Future directions in the attempt to improve the control of Fusarium soilborne pathogens have been discussed.
Management Accounting Practices and E-Business Model in the US Walmart Corporation
Authors: Mohammad Alsharari Nizar
Published: November 2021

This study aims to explain management accounting practices and E-Business model in the US Walmart Corporation. This study uses qualitative methods and websites methodologies underpinning the interpretive approach to explain a detailed case study in the United States. This study found that Walmart uses a management accounting system for efficient store planning, controlling, and other management-related activities to enhance organizational effectiveness and performance. The diffusion of managerial accounting information is very important for the budgeting process and costing of all departments. The efficiency of an accounting system is crucial for the performance and sustainability of Walmart’s business. This study can be considered one of the few studies examining the management accounting practices in the United States case study, Walmart Corporation. Integrating E-business technology with accounting practices and other organizational domains is excellent evidence for the 21st Century Approaches to Management and Accounting literature.
Formation of Nanostructures on the Solid Surface
Authors: V. Vakhrushev Alexander
Published: November 2021

Forming nanostructures on the solids surface is one of the promising nanotechnological processes. It has been established that changes in the atomic structure of the solid surface due to the nanostructures formation result both in a significant change in various physical properties of the surface, and in an increase in its durability, strength, hardness, wear resistance. There are many different methods for forming nanostructures on solid surfaces: surface modification with nano-elements (nanoparticles, fullerenes and fullerites, graphene and nanotubes), formation of a nanocomposite layer on the surface, forming quantum dots and whiskers on the surface, implanting ions into the solid surface, laser surface treatment and other processes. The above processes are very complex and for their optimization require detailed research both by experimental and theoretical methods of mathematical modeling. The aim of this chapter was to provide a comparative review of different methods of forming nanostructures on the solids surface and mathematical modeling of these processes various aspects.
Digital Technology to Preserve Heritage Structures
Authors: Hold Steve
Published: November 2021

Heritage masonry structures such as castles, ancient sea walls, breakwaters and lighthouses have existed for centuries but more than ever in this current era need to be preserved and quite often strengthened to be able to survive natural and manmade destructive forces. This chapter uses examples of digital technology to not only strengthen and preserve such structures but by advocating the use of the internet offers archive access to what these structures are, what has caused their deterioration and what has been done to strengthen them for future generations to see. By also using archive research into their construction in a combination with digital models of the structures the examples in this chapter show others how the use of LiDAR, drones and GPR have been able to secretly and sensitively strengthen and preserve these structures. The examples in this chapter range from a Neolithical tomb to castles and breakwaters dating from the middle ages and unique engineering examples from the UK’s Victorian age of engineers. Now that these worked examples of preservation and strengthening have been stored and become available visually through the internet to those interested and working in this field by using such modern digital tools, they are now able to enter a new paradigm of Heritage preservation.
Pathophysiology, Natural History and Approaches to Treatment and Prevention of Radiation Proctitis
Authors: (Eric) Kiat Yeoh Eng
Published: November 2021

Chronic radiation proctitis (CRP), characterized by increased frequency and urgency of defecation, fecal incontinence and rectal bleeding, is an under-estimated cause of morbidity after pelvic irradiation for urological and gynecological malignant diseases. Despite improvements in radiotherapy technology, 90% of patients have persistent long term symptoms and 50% of all patients report impairment of quality of life after pelvic radiotherapy. Research by an Australian group of clinician scientists, including prospective, longitudinal and retrospective studies as well as a randomized trial of two current approaches used for the treatment of haemorrhagic radiation proctitis over a time span exceeding two decades, have provided important insights into the prevalence, pathophysiology natural history and treatment of CRP. The findings have important implications for the management and amelioration if not prevention of CRP. Data from 4 selected studies conducted by the Australian group, each characterizing changes in anorectal function and anal sphincteric morphology, are first presented. This is followed by discussion of how the findings have led to the development of more rational therapeutic interventions for CRP and how novel approaches designed to reduce the prevalence of CRP when combined could lead to its elimination in the foreseeable future.
Genetic Polymorphism and Prostate Cancer: An Update
Authors: Siddiqui Surayya , I. Puranik Sridevi , Akbar Aimen , C. Ghagane Shridhar
Published: November 2021

Genetic polymorphism and prostate cancer (PC) are the most pernicious and recurrently malignancy worldwide. It is the most dominating cause of cancer related casualty among men in the US. Asian countries are inflicted with PC at an alarming rate though still the prevalence of PC is lower than European and American men. Some of the genetic and environmental factors that might play a role in PC risk include: age genetic predilection, family history, race/ethnicity, lifestyle, and dietary habits and non-dietary environmental risk factors such as smoking. Socio-economic factors including economic, scholastic and intellectual factors do not, intrinsically seem to straight away influence the risk of acquiring PC. Other genetic changes that may support an increased risk of developing PC include HPC1, HPC2, HPCX, CAPB, ATM,s HOXB13 and mismatch repair genes. PC occurrence rates are highly variable. Almost all PC mortalities are due to metastatic disease, generally through tumors the progress to be hormone refractory or castrate resistant. PC, developing research has acknowledged a number of candidate genes and biological pathways associated with PC. Indirect pathways such as P13K/AKT signaling pathway is one of most well known alternate pathway in PC Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is widely known to be potent stimulator of angiogenesis. The over expression of EGFR in a very large majority of cases is accompanied by the succession of PC, implying that this may play a mechanistic role. Numerous occupational factors have been proposed to cause PC. Some of the risk factors include; farmers/agricultural workers, pesticides, shift work and flight personnel. PC treatment can be done through surgery, radical prostatectomy is the main type of surgery. Risks of injury are many – reactions to anesthesia, loss of blood, blood clumps in the legs/lungs, injury to surrounding organs, infection at the site of surgery and many more. The other treatments are hormone therapy, chemotherapy and radio therapy chemotherapy. Chemotherapeutic drugs are typically used one at a time for PC such as transurethral resection of prostate (TURP). Some of the chemotherapeutic drugs are Docetaxel, Cabazitaxel, Mitoxantrone and Estramustine. Among the score of biomarkers being studied, numerous markers and techniques deserve awareness and acceptability for both patients and urologists in clinical practice.
Minor Compounds of Palm Oil: Properties and Potential Applications
Authors: Gonzalez-Diaz Alexis , Alberto García-Núñez Jesús
Published: November 2021

The oil contained in ripe fruits produced by cultivars of African oil palm Elaeis guineensis Jacq., as well as that obtained from fresh fruit bunches of certain inter-specific hybrid cultivars derived from crossbreeding between Elaeis oleifera (Kunth) Cortés and E. guineensis Jacq., have shown to be lipid substrates rich in valuable phytochemicals with exceptional biological properties and functional applications for multiple human health tasks. Eight isoforms of vitamin E (four tocopherols and four tocotrienols), α- and β-carotene, squalene, and various phenolic structures, make up the largest group of minor compounds in palm oil and are essential nutrients with physiological functions that include, but are not limited to their antioxidant properties. Vitamin E regulates the redox (oxidation-reduction) balance in the body, and compounds such as squalene and carotenoids are ubiquitously distributed throughout the body, including cell membranes and lipoproteins. Several studies suggest that regular intake of foods rich in this group of phytonutrients minimizes the reactivity of oxidative chemical species at the cellular level and serves as an effective adjunct in the treatment of oxidative stress.
Hypothyroidism Therapy
Authors: Abassi Wissal , Ouerghi Nejmeddine , Bouassida Anissa
Published: November 2021

Hypothyroidism refers to the common pathological disorder of thyroid hormone deficiency. The successful therapy for hypothyroidism is levothyroxine (LT4) administration, which is the same as thyroxine but produced synthetically. Serum thyrotropin (TSH) normalization with LT4 replacement therapy in hypothyroidism is generally needed to restore a euthyroid state. The daily dose of thyroxine therapy depends on various factors, such as body weight, age, and severity. It also differs from hypothyroidism during pregnancy to congenital hypothyroidism. The presence of various comorbidities may exist such as myxoedema coma, coronary artery disease, obesity, anemia and COVID-19 which necessitate individualized treatment. LT4 intolerance manifested with sympathetic hyperactivity may appear during the first hours after the LT4 administration. It requires starting with very low doses of LT4 that should be increased gradually, and reaching normal TSH may take several months. The sympathetic hyperactivity may be attributable to the presence of uncorrected iron-deficiency anemia that worsens by the use of thyroid hormone.
A Philology of Survival
Authors: Zechner Dominik ,   DePaul University
Published: November 2021

Focusing on the works of Theodor W. Adorno, Walter Benjamin, and particularly Werner Hamacher, this essay seeks to develop an understanding of “survival” as the medial condition of linguistic structures. In the course of the past century and beyond, the term “survival” has repeatedly been deployed in discussions around the ontological status of linguistic entities. Most prominently, Benjamin finds in “survival” the essence of what he calls “translatability.” He decidedly puts the term in quotations marks to signal its linguistic nature, which prompts Hamacher to speak of “survival in citation.” This article thus attempts to demonstrate that the term “survival” is not reducible to its biological or phenomenal implications, and reintroduces it as the fundamental concept of a renewed understanding of philology. In three sections, the essay discusses linguistic technification, translation, and irony as three modes that bring the survival of language to the fore.
Living Existentially
Authors: Ang Jennifer Mei Sze ,   DePaul University
Published: November 2021

John Cooper and Pierre Hadot suggest that contemporary philosophy can no longer be regarded as a way of life as it has become an academic discipline of study that is theoretical and abstract. According to them, for philosophy to be considered a way of life, it has to be able to shape one’s understanding of the world, guide how one should respond from moment to moment, and reach an existential level in defining one’s being. In this article, I discuss how Jean-Paul Sartre’s existentialist philosophy is a way of life that has been overlooked by Cooper and Hadot. I show that Sartre’s existentialism presents an interconnected perspective of human existence and human development in history, is able to guide our philosophical reasoning about our everyday decisions, and offers a practical guide to living an authentic life through assuming responsibility for our life choices and engaging with our situations.
Philosophy’s Persuasiveness of Death
Authors: Heneghan Fiacha ,   DePaul University
Published: November 2021

In his seminars on the death penalty, Derrida argues that Kant’s defense of that punishment is the most rigorous and systematically philosophical. For that same reason, he says, the arguments are especially vulnerable to deconstruction. I argue, in detail, that Derrida’s deconstruction fails if Kant’s distinction between the noumenal and the phenomenal is respected, which Derrida’s arguments do not specifically challenge. I close with some considerations for philosophical opponents of the death penalty. Derrida seeks a condemnation of capital punishment that is, in its way, a priori, disassembling its justification at the conceptual level. I suggest that contingent and empirical condemnations of capital punishment may be sufficient.
Minds, Machines, and Molecules
Authors: Brunet T.D.P. , Halina Marta ,   University of Arkansas Press
Published: November 2021

Recent debates about the biological and evolutionary conditions for sentience have generated a renewed interest in fine-grained functionalism. According to one such account advanced by Peter Godfrey-Smith, sentience depends on the fine-grained activities characteristic of living organisms. Specifically, the scale, context and stochasticity of these fine-grained activities. One implication of this view is that contemporary artificial intelligence (AI) is a poor candidate for sentience. Insofar as current AI lacks the ability to engage in such living activities it will lack sentience, no matter what its coarse-grained functions. In this paper, we review the case for fine-grained functionalism and show that there are contemporary machines that fulfil the fine-grained functional criteria identified by Godfrey-Smith, and thus are candidates for sentience. Molecular machines such as Brownian computers are analogous to metabolic activity in their scale, context and stochasticity, and can serve as the basis of AI. Molecular computation is a promising candidate for artificial sentience according to contemporary philosophical accounts of sentience.
Developing Valid Behavioral Indicators of Animal Pain
Authors: Irvine Elizabeth ,   University of Arkansas Press
Published: November 2021

Identifying which nonhuman animal species are capable of feeling pain is important both for understanding pain mechanisms more generally and for informing animal welfare regulations, particularly in genera that are not yet widely protected. A common way to try to provide evidence of pain experiences is through behavioral indicators. In this paper I use a very simple interventionist approach to experimentation, and the contrast case provided by C. elegans, to argue that behavioral indicators commonly used for identifying pain in nonhuman animals are much less robust than typically presented. Indeed, I argue that many behavioral indicators of pain are invalid as they are currently described. More positively, this analysis makes it possible to identify what valid criteria might look like, and where relevant, to identify existing evidence related to them. Based on this I propose that the best way to make progress on questions around animal pain is to clearly ally them with questions about animal consciousness more generally, and to productively use conceptual and empirical work in both areas to develop more theoretically defensible behavioral indicators.
Hip-Hop's White Audience
Authors: Hubschman Billy
Published: November 2021

This paper seeks to unpack the relationship between Hip-Hop and its white audience. As Hip-Hop's audience continues to grow, it is important to note shifts and changes in the genre that results from this increased popularity, specifically, this paper will take a look at Hip-Hop's white audience and provide an overview of some of the research social scientists have been conducting on the subject. The paper is divided into two sections according to the different kinds of research conducted by scholars: audience analysis, both qualitative and quantitative, help illustrate the perspective of Hip-Hop's white audience; content analysis, both of lyrics and videos, highlight the ramifications of Hip-Hop's white audience on the genre itself. As a literature review, this paper does not seek to make an argument on the relationship between Hip-Hop and its white audience as much as provide an overview of the arguments being made by certain social science scholars.
ARTIFICIAL SPECIMENS MANUFACTURING OF GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED COMPOSITE FOR SUB-SURFACE DEFECTS INSPECTION BY ACTIVE LONG-PULSE THERMOGRAPHY
Authors: RICO ESPINO JOSE GUADALUPE , COLIN MARTINEZ JOSE LUIS , ALVARADO MEDRANO ISAIAS , RODRIGUEZ HERNANDEZ GERARDO , RETA CASTRO CAROLINA
Published: November 2021

The detection and analysis of sub-surface defects in composite materials specimens have been problems of interest in recent years in different industries. For instance,
in the wind industry, such materials are used for manufacturing wind turbine blades. A variety of defects can occur inside composite materials, e.g., porosities, fibre rupture, and inclusions. This work presents the design and manufacturing of artificial test specimens of composite material, to which specific defects were induced in a non-destructive way. The used manufacturing process was VARTM. In addition, a method to localise and characterise induced defects is proposed. Such method works by applying active long-pulse thermography to the test specimens. Further, we show that both the proposed low-cost optical system and the long-pulse active thermography technique allow the non-destructive thermal analysis of parts to detect sub-surface defects in composite materials based on fiberglass reinforced epoxy resin
MACHINE LEARNING IN THE FIELD OF MANUFACTURING
Authors: GOMEZ ESCUDERO GAIZKA , FERNANDEZ DE LUCIO PABLO , GONZALEZ BARRIO HAIZEA , CALLEJA OCHOA AMAIA , AYESTA REMENTERIA IZARO , LOPEZ  DE LA CALLE MARCAIDE LUIS NORBERTO
Published: November 2021

Artificial intelligence is already a pulsating reality in society, and all major companies are trying to apply its use to their products. In this context, the manufacturing sector could not be left behind. The industry has more and more alternatives to choose from when it comes to implementing artificial intelligence techniques. In this aspect, Machine Learning can be of great use when it comes to solving the challenges that arise in manufacturing. Therefore, this article presents a brief context of Machine Learning, followed by its current applications in the manufacturing sector together with a historical evolutionary analysis of the publications related to Machine Learning in the manufacturing sector. It ends with some conclusions regarding the current state of Machine Learning in the scientific community and in companies.

Keywords: Machine Learning, Review, Manufacturing.
EVOLUTION AND FUTURE OF BLOCKCHAIN: FROM CRYPTOCURRENCIES TO INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: SANTAMARIA GONZALEZ VALENTIN , BENAVENT DE BARBERA MIGUEL , HERENCIA ANTON JESUS , CARRASCOSA COBOS CRISTINA
Published: November 2021

As is well known, in 2009 the first article on the Bitcoin concept as an electronic transaction system "A peer-to-peer Electronic Cash System" [1] appeared, which, unlike other predecessor systems, brings the great novelty of being based on a transaction history or "Ledger" following the Blockchain concept [2]. We can consider Bitcoin as digital hard money or as its white paper [1] (Nakamoto's article) says: "An electronic cash system".
IMPACT AND COSTS OF THE CLOSURE OF COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS IN THE IBERIAN PENINSULA
Authors: ARCOS VARGAS ANGEL , NUÑEZ FERNANDO , BALLESTEROS GALLARDO JUAN ANTONIO
Published: November 2021

Scheduled closure of coal-fired power plants will halve emissions in the electricity sector, although prices will be increased by 12%. To compensate for this increase, the Ministry for Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge will promote new renewable power.
INTELLIGENT HEALTH STATUS DETECTION METHOD FOR LOCOMOTIVE FUEL CELL BASED ON DATA-DRIVEN TECHNIQUES
Authors: Tao Shiyong , Chen Weirong , Jiang Shuna , Liu Xinyu , Yu Jiaxi
Published: November 2021

Main drawbacks of fuel cell systems, namely, high cost, poor reliability, and short lifespan, limit the large-scale commercial application of fuel cell systems. The health status detection of fuel cell systems for locomotives is of great significance to the safe and stable operation of locomotives. To identify the failure modes of the fuel cell system accurately and quickly, this study proposed an intelligent health status detection method for locomotive fuel cells based on data-driven techniques. In this study, the actual test data of a 150-kW fuel cell system for locomotives was analyzed. The t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) algorithm was combined with the general regression neural network (GRNN) to intelligently detect the health status of the fuel cell system for locomotives. Specifically, t-SNE was used to process the high-dimensionality and strong coupling raw data of health status, enabling the dimensional reduction of the raw data to reflect essential features. Then, GRNN was used to identify the feature data to achieve the fast and accurate detection of the health status of the fuel cell system. Results show that the proposed method can effectively detect four health conditions, namely, normal state, high inlet coolant temperature, low air pressure, and low spray pump pressure, with a diagnostic accuracy of 98.75%. This study is applicable to the analysis of the actual measurement data of high-power level fuel cell systems and provides a reference for the health status detection of fuel cell systems for locomotives.

Keywords: fuel cell system for locomotive; data-driven; general regression neural network; t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding; health status detection
DESIGN AND VIBRATIONS IN THE ROTARY HAMMER
Authors: IVORRA ZARAGOZA BEATRIZ , NUERE MENÉNDEZ-PIDAL SILVIA , GOMEZ MARTIN SARA , CANO MORENO JUAN DAVID , BERZAL RUBIO MIGUEL
Published: November 2021

The vibrations generated by manual machines can cause occupational diseases with both vascular and osteoarticular affectations, also known as hand-arm vibration syndrome. The pneumatic rotary hammer is one of these machines, widely used in the construction sector.
In the bibliography consulted, it is found that the transmission of vibrations from the handle to the hand-arm system depends on both the composition of the material and the design of the handle. Although there are improvements in this damping of vibrations received through the handles, there is a great field for its optimization, redesign and the search for new materials not yet used in the handles of pneumatic hammers.
This article presents a methodology for the study of new materials used in the grip, including the analysis of the design, real tests for the characterization of the materials and their simulation by finite elements.
The results showed that the design is a decisive factor for both vibration damping and weight. The redesigned grip that generates more damping at 33s with a weight of 0.51kg is the "R1" with a value of 0.6346% better than the original grip, "Segeda original", with a weight of 0.55kg and with a damping value of 0.605%.
Keywords: industrial design, pneumatic hammer, handle, elastomers, vibrations
ОДНОС АНТРОПОЦЕНТРИЗМА И ХОЛИЗМА КАО АНАЛОГОН ЕКОЛОШКЕ ЕТИКЕ И ПОЛИТИКОЛОГИЈЕ
Authors: Томић Станислав М.
Published: November 2021

Циљ овог рада јесте да за предмет размишљања предложи аналогију између кључних проблема еколошке етике и политикологије. Аутор ће покушати да повлачењем паралеле између антропоцентризма и холизма с једне стране, те либерализма и републиканизма с друге стране, истовремено продуби разумијевање основних проблема еколошке етике и политикологије.