bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Automated Approach for Early Lung Cancer Detection with Improved Diagnostic Performance – A Preliminary Analysis
Authors: Thavavel Vaiyapuri1
Published: January 2021

Lung cancer is becoming the major cause of cancer-related deaths in human worldwide and Saudi Arabia is not an exception. Therein the identification of potentially malignant lung nodules is essential for the diagnosis and clinical management of lung cancer. Unfortunately, in clinical practice, however, interpretation of Computed Tomography (CT) images is challenging for radiologists due to the large number of cases. It is therefore extremely important task to develop computer aided diagnosis (CAD) systems that can aid and enhance the radiologist to potentially reduce false positive (FP) findings. Even though numerous methodologies are proposed for CAD system in the literatures, the one proposed in this work will definitely stand out in improving the sensitivity and specificity for the detection of small nodules particularly in low dose CT images. This work attempts to employ the powerful tool, radiomics quantitative imaging features within curvelet domain to detect and characterize lung nodules with improved sensitivity and specificity. Subsequently, support vector machine (SVM) is used to learn the 2D stochastic and 3D anatomic features of curvelet coefficients and classifies suspected regions either as malignant or benign based on geometric, texture and intensity. A preliminary analysis of the proposed methodology is presented and compared against the metrics, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy on publicly available LIDC database to serve as a benchmark for future research efforts.
Effect of Local Anesthesia and Extraction on Mouth Opening
Authors: Ali Falah Hassan
Published: January 2021

Background: Trismus is defined as painful limitation in mouth opening due to a muscle spasm. Trismus, also called lockjaw, (restricted jaw range of motion).There are various causes of trismus, one is spasm of the muscles of mastication. Assessment of the effect of local anesthesia and extraction on mouth opening ability. Methodology: Total sample of 40 patients included both genders (27 male and 13 female) participated in this study, all Patients were healthy with no allergy to local anesthesia, don’t use alcohol or any drug therapy. Lidocaine HCL 2% with epinephrine 1:80,000 is used to anesthetize the inferior alveolar nerve using IAN block technique, while surgical tools were used for extraction in the usual way. Baseline mouth opening was evaluated pre-operatively, during the effect of local anesthesia and post-operatively by using digital Vernier caliper. Results: significant difference in mouth opening between the measurements (pre-operative, during anesthesia, post-operative) is found , mouth opening decreases when measurement is directed toward postoperatively.
The Intraperitoneal-Ketoprofen-Histopathological Induced Alterations in the Wistar Rat Kidneys
Authors: Samer Riyadh fadhill, Hakim Bahlok Jebur2
Published: January 2021

The current-focused study was carried out to generate a data profile about expected changes that could be induced in the kidneys of rats due to the use of intraperitoneal ketoprofen (KP). The study involved using 24 adult male Wistar rats sorted randomly into four groups (six animals per group). One group was treated as a control group, C, which was supplied with distilled water (DW) only. The remaining animals were presented as (50KP), (25KP), or (12.5KP) groups that received 50mg/kg.b.w., 25mg/kg.b.w., or 12.5mg/ kg.b.w., respectively, of KP. The experiment was continued for 70 days, and the kidney tissue samples were collected from the scarified animals at the end of day 70 of that experiment. The kidney tissues of the 50KP animals revealed dilation of the tubules throughout the outer strip of the outer medulla with necrosis and sloughing of the epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubules (PCTs). However, the 25KP group suffered lesser grades of epithelial-cell sloughing of the PCTs with lower levels of dilation of tubules than those recorded in the 50KP group. On the other hand, the kidney tissues of the 12.5KP group showed only dilation in the PCTs. The present experimental data unveil the side effects generated by the use of the intraperitoneal KP in the examined rat kidneys which should be used as a launching set of information for better use or further study this drug and its side effects in human patients.
The Effect of Allogenic Bone Marrow on Integration Dev-Mesenchymal Stem Cell And Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
Authors: Ferdiansis
Published: January 2021

Background: The integration of the tendon graft within the bone tunnel is one of the decisive success factors of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction. In ACL reconstruction that uses tendons as graft, the healing process that occurs in the bone tunnel is healing with fibrotic tissue. Aim: This study aims to determine the role of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and vascular endothelial growth factor intraarticularly in improving the biomechanical strength. Methods: This study uses experimental research design by using animal as a testing tool. The animals used in this study are male New Zealand white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), with the weight ranging of 2000 grams up to 3000 grams. Results: From the experiment, all samples from both treatment and control groups were all evaluated and no post-operative complication was found. At the evaluation time of 3 weeks, the difference between the mean of maximum strain rate between the treatment group and the control group was not statistically significant (p >0.05). At the evaluation time of 6 weeks, it was found that the difference in mean value of the maximum strain load force between the treatment groups versus the group was statistically significant. Conclusions: From this study, it can be concluded that intraarticular BM-MSC and VEGF administration can increase the ultimate tension strength of postoperative graft tendon rosary ACL reconstruction.
Effect of Sunlight and Vitamin D3on some Men Fertility Parameters
Authors: Riyadh Hussein Wally
Published: January 2021

The current study aim to clarify the effect of the exposure to sunlight on the vitamin D level and the effect of this on characteristics of seminal fluid and some hormones in infertile men. The study included 45 men (aged between 18-44 years) who suffer from infertility. These men attend the Infertility Treatment Center at Kut Hospital, Wasit, Iraq. infertile men were exposed to the sunlight without using sunscreen for ten minutes at daily intervals over 3 months. Seminal fluid parameters, as well as the level ofVitamin D3, Folliclestimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Testosterone, were measured before and after exposure to sunlight. The study showed that there was a significant increase in count, activity and normal morphology of seminal fluid as well as elevation in LH, FSH, testosterone and vitamin D3 level in blood after the exposure to sunlight
Intervention Brigades in United Nations Peacekeeping Operations and Challenges Posed to International Humanitarian Law
Authors: Ahmed Verda
Published: January 2021

In recent decades, the United Nations (UN) has directed its peacekeeping operations to be practice-driven. This has led to an alternative approach to state-military contacts, such as those provided by the United States and other nations; the UN is more inclined to consolidate and strengthen its liaisons through Intervention Brigades. The efficacy of these brigades lies in providing military assistance to UN operations and catering to logistics, training, and advice. Advocates of peace, the UN peacekeeping operations (UNPKOs) are based on consent, impartiality, and non-utilization of force (excluding times of civilian protection and self-defense). However, as Intervention Brigades gain momentum, 'robust' peacekeeping is becoming more regulated; thus, promoting 'force' against rebel groups and/or militias. When aligned with robust Intervention Brigades, which utilizes more force than lawfully permitted, UN peacekeeping (UNPK) missions question these operations' credibility, thus blurring the conceptual difference between peacekeeping and peacebuilding. Conspicuously, this exploits the traditional principle of impartiality using hard power and violates the International Humanitarian Law (IHL). Exemplifying through the case study of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), this paper aims to discuss the abovementioned discrepancy resulting in complications for the discipline of Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS). As the discipline promotes achieving peace through „soft‟ means, the paper reviews the subject under Chapter VI & VII of the UN charter and highlights the grey areas of IHL applicability in UN peacekeeping and Intervention Brigades.
Design of A Perfect Metamaterial Absorber for Microwave Applications
Authors: Al-Badri Khalid
Published: January 2021

In this manuscript, a multi-band and low-profile metamaterial absorber with polarisation independence from 00 to 450 is presented. The proposed metamaterial structure is composed of a single ring with a rectangular patch, consisting of periodic unit cells with a size of 150mm × 250mm × 1.5mm. The structure exhibits three absorption peaks under normal incidence, which cover the X-band. According to the results, the desired material can excellently absorb the electromagnetic wave signal, with an outstanding absorption rate of about 95% at the microwave x-band frequency. The proposed structure shows three absorption bands where two of them exceed 90% absorption level. The results displayed a high Q-factor of 103.5 at a resonance frequency of 8.58 GHz and the figure of merit (FOM) is 98.4, which can be used to enhance the sensor sensing, narrowband band filter and image sensing. The proposed structure is fabricated, and experiments are carried out to validate the design principle. Strong agreements are observed between the measured and the corresponding simulated results.
al-Ta’āysy al-Ṡaqāfī wa al-Ḥaḍārī bi al-Magrib
Authors: Ben-Naouar Youssef
Published: January 2021

This study aims to describe the culture and civilization in Morocco in the context of sociology. This research method is qualitative-descriptive. The research data were obtained from literature that describes the culture and civilization of the Moroccan state. The data collection technique is done with documentation. Meanwhile, data analysis was carried out by data reduction, data classification, and data interpretation. The results of the study found that the existence of civilization and culture in Morocco cannot be separated from the social, linguistic and religious context. In a social context, for example, Morocco has various kinds of cultures. This is motivated by the existence of heterogeneous tribes and communities. In the context of language, Morocco uses Arabic as the national language, but many people adopt Arabic 'Amiyah in their speech acts. Then in the context of religion, several religions in Morocco are found, such as Islam, Judaism, Christianity, and other religions.
FACTORES Y COMPORTAMIENTO TEMPOROESPACIAL DE LA SIFILIS GESTACIONAL EN CALI COLOMBIA 2012-2016
Authors:   Universidad Libre Seccional Cali, Munoz Garzon Luz Elena
Published: January 2021

Introducción: La sífilis gestacional (SG) es una enfermedad infecciosa causada por Treponema pallidum, se trasmite de madre a hijo a través de la vía transplacentaria o canal del parto y genera serias consecuencias en la salud del feto/neonato, incluso la muerte. El comportamiento temporo espacial de la transmisión en centros urbanos se determina por la asociación de variables demográficas y sociales. Objetivo: Describir la distribución temporo espacial del riesgo de la SG y los factores asociados a la presencia de conglomerados. Métodos: Estudio combinado de corte transversal y ecológico. Resultados: Se analizaron 1.463 registros notificados al SIVIGILA que pudieron ser geocodificados y se reporto que 41,6 (284%) pertenecían al estrato Bajo – Bajo, 488 (33,4%) al Bajo, 438 (29,9%) medio Bajo, 74 (5,1%) al Medio, 35 (2,4%) Medio Alto y 12 (0,8%) al Alto. Tambien fueron identificados 17 conglomerados en zonas socialmente deprimidas de la ciudad. Conclusiones: determinantes como hacinamiento, consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, desnutrición, población en situación de desplazamiento, pobreza y alcoholismo explicaron la presencia de conglomerados, los cuales tambien estaban condicionados por determinantes sociales como inicio tardío de control prenatal, no diagnóstico oportuno del evento, barreras administrativas y sociales para el inicio del tratamiento.
Larutan Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum) Sebagai Pengawet Alami Pada Ikan Selar Kuning (Selaroides leptolepis)
Authors: Husain Rahim , Musa Fitriyanti
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama penyimpanan terhadap mutu ikan selar kuning (Selaroides leptolepis) segar yang direndam menggunakan larutan daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum). Perlakuan pada penelitian ini yaitu penggunaan  larutan daun salam 9% dengan lama penyimpanan 0 jam, 6 jam, 12 jam, 18 jam, 24 jam dan 30 jam. Parameter yang diuji yaitu TPC dan pH. Analisis data yang digunakan pada uji Kimia dan mikrobiologi menggunakan RAL (anova). Hasil yang berpengaruh nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan larutan daun salam 9% mampu mempertahankan mutu ikan selar kuning (Selaroides leptolepis)segar selama penyimpanan 12 jam dengan memiliki nilai pH 6,08 dan secara  mikrobiologi diperoleh nilai ALT yaitu 5,49 CFU/g, hal ini memenuhi SNI 2729.2013 tentang ikan segar.
Karakteristik Mutu Hedonik Dan Kimia Nugget Ikan Lele Dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) Menggunakan Tepung Biji Durian (Durio Zibethinus murr)
Authors: Yusuf Nikmawatisusanti , Musali Fenski
Published: January 2021

Pengolahan nugget ikan lele dumbo menggunakan tepung biji durian merupakan salah satu usaha peningkatan penganekaragaman produk hasil perikanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik organoleptik dan kimia nugget ikan lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) menggunakan tepung biji durian (Durio zibethinus murr). Perlakuan pada penelitian ini adalah penggunaan konsentrasi tepung biji durian yang berbeda yaitu 10gr, 20gr dan 30gr. Parameter yang diuji adalah karakteristik organoleptik hedonik yang meliputi tekstur, kenampakan, warna, aroma dan rasa yang menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis, parameter kimia meliputi kadar air, abu, lemak, protein dan karbohidrat yang menggunakan RAL (Rancangan Acak Lengkap), dan karakteristik mutu hedonik produk terpilih dilakukan dengan uji bayes. Hasil uji Kruskal Walllis menunjukan penambahan tepung biji durian tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kenampakan, warna, aroma, dan tekstur, tetapi berpengaruh nyata terhadap rasa. Hasil uji RAL (Rancangan Acak Lengkap) menunjukan penambahan tepung biji durian tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter kimia (kadar air, kadar protein, abu), tetapi berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar lemak dan karbohidrat. Hasil uji Bayes menunjukan bahwa nugget yang menggunakan tepung biji durian dengan konsentrasi 20% adalah produk terpilih. Karakteristik mutu hedonik produk nugget ikan lele terpilih memiliki parameter kenampakan nugget utuh, rapi, homogen, kuning kemerahan; aroma ikan, bumbu dan tepung biji durian kurang kuat; warna kuning kemerahan; dan tekstur kenyal, kompak, dan kurang padat; rasa ikan, bumbu dan tepung biji durian kurang kuat. Karakteristik kimia produk nugget terpilih memiliki kadar air 28,35%, abu 1,23%, lemak 12,54%, protein 18,93% dan karbohidrat 38,95%.
Transition Between Constitutive Equations and the Mechanics of Water Flow in Unsaturated Soil: Numerical Simulations
Authors: Goh Eng Giap Sunny , Kosuke Noborio
Published: January 2021

Richards’ partial differential equation normally governs water flows in soil. It can be utilized to investigate water infiltration in the soil. A case study of the Haverkamp’s water infiltration simulation into Yolo Light Clay was carried out. A common practice to change between the hydraulic functions (from Haverkamp to van Genuchten) could cause a discrepancy in the simulation results. Hence, the first objective is to modify van Genuchten’s equations to reproduce the water infiltration result that was obtained using the Haverkamp constitutive functions. The method used was able to recreate water infiltration by increasing the fitting parameters of the van Genuchten constitutive functions. The second objective is to identify the mechanism governing the flow of water. The soil water diffusivity and the hydraulic conductivity were responsible for the flux of water in the soil. The Richards’ equation was discretized using a finite difference method, and the algebraic solution was coded into Simply Fortran 2008.
Mengkaji Tindakbalas Nanozarah Silika Dioksida (SiO2) dengan Lisozim Dalam Larutan Penimbal
Authors: Othman Siti Amira , Radiman Shahidan
Published: January 2021

Kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji kesan tindak balas nanozarah polimer, silika dioksida (SiO2) dengan protein, (Lisozim) dalam larutan penimbal. Tujuan kajian adalah untuk menentukan kestabilan serta kesan interaksi nanozarah SiO2 dengan lisozim sebagai fungsi kepekatan yang dikaji dengan menggunakan spektroskopi ultralembahyung-cahaya nampak (U.V.-Visible). Kaedah yang digunakan dalam kajian ini iaitu kaedah penambahan (serbuk), kaedah cecair homogen, kaedah perpisahan fasa dan kaedah penyerapan (tindakbalas). Hasil kajian mendapati penjerapan lisozim yang bercas positif (hidrofobik) terhadap permukaan nanozarah SiO2 yang bercas negatif (hidrofilik) adalah sesuai pada pH 7.8. Bagi perbezaan nisbah berat SiO2: Lisozim sama ada berat lisozim atau SiO2 tetap, puncak yang diperolehi adalah sekitar 280nm. Kadar penjerapan lisozim bergantung kepada masa tindak balas dan juga faktor pembauran. Saiz nanozarah SiO2 yang kecil menyebabkan ianya mempunyai luas permukaan yang besar berbanding isipadu dan membolehkan lisozim dijerap pada permukaannya tanpa sebarang halangan. Oleh yang demikian dapat disimpulkan bahawa, wujud kestabilan antara lisozim dan SiO2 yang membolehkan penjerapan berlaku dan terbentuknya gumpalan akibat daripada kesan tindak balas. This study was conducted to study the interaction effect of polymer nanoparticles, silica dioxide (SiO2) with protein, (Lysozyme) in buffer solution. The purpose of the study was to determine the stability and the effect of the interaction of SiO2 nanoparticles with lysozyme as a concentration function studied using ultraviolet-visible (U.V.-visible) spectroscopy. The methods used in this study are the addition method (powder), homogeneous liquid method, phase separation method and absorption method (interaction). The results of the study found that the adsorption of positively charged (hydrophobic) lysozyme to the surface of negatively charged SiO2 nanoparticles (hydrophilic) is suitable at pH 7.8. For the difference weight ratio in SiO2: Lysozyme either lysozyme weight or fixed SiO2, the peak obtained is around 280nm. The rate of absorption of lysozyme depends on the reaction time as well as the diffusion factor. The small size of the SiO2 nanoparticles causes it to have a large surface area compared to the volume and allows lysozymes to be adsorbed on its surface without any obstruction. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a stability between lysozyme and SiO2 that allows adsorption to occur and the formation of agglomeration as a result of the interaction effect.
An Overview of Different Indirect and Semi-Indirect Evaporative Cooling System for Study Potency of Nanopore Skinless Bamboo as An Evaporative Cooling New Porous Material
Authors: Winaya I Nyoman Suprapta , Wijaksana Hendra , Sucipta Made , Ghurri Ainul
Published: January 2021

The high energy consumption of compressor based cooling system has prompted the researchers to study and develop non-compressor based cooling system that less energy consumption, less environment damaging but still has high enough cooling performances. Indirect and semi indirect evaporative cooling system is the feasible non-compressor based cooling systems that can reach the cooling performance required. This two evaporative cooling system has some different in construction, porous material used, airflow scheme and secondary air cooling method used for various applications. This paper would report the cooling performances achieved by those two cooling system in terms of cooling efficiency, cooling capacity, wet bulb effectiveness, dew point effectiveness, and temperature drop. Porous material used in indirect and semi-indirect evaporative cooling would be highlighted in terms of their type, size, thickness and any other feature. The introduction of nanopore skinless bamboo potency as a new porous material for either indirect or semi-indirect evaporative cooling would be described. In the future study of nanopore skinless bamboo, a surface morphology and several hygrothermal test including sorption, water vapor transmission, thermal conductivity test would be applied, before it utilize as a new porous material for direct or semi indirect evaporative cooling.
Sayong Ball Clay Membrane for Copper and Nickel Removal from Effluent
Authors: Mohd Zaidan Nurhanna , Ahmad Norhayati , Nakamura Yuzo , Abubakar Muazu
Published: January 2021

An adsorption filtration mechanism using porous ceramic membranes was proposed for the removal of heavy metals from the effluent of the UTM Lake. The effectiveness of the removal depends on kaolinite microparticle which is used as an adsorption agent in ceramic membranes. In this work, Sayong ball clay (SBC) from Malaysia was used in the preparation of the ceramic membrane. Sayong ball clay membranes were fabricated by gel casting (GC) and spark plasma sintering (SPS) methods. The effect of kaolinite and pore size on copper and nickel removal was investigated. X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), mercury porosimetry, and adsorption analysis were used to relate with the adsorption performance. It is found that kaolinite with the 14:1 ratio of monomers in the GC-SBC membrane performed the highest heavy metal removal.
Analysis the Performance for Runner Pelton Turbine by Using Bamboo Material
Authors: Muhibbuddin  , Muhammad Zaki  , Samsul Kamal  , Prayitni  , Erdiwansyah  , Suryo Darmo  , Mahidin
Published: January 2021

The potential of hydropower that can be utilized in Indonesia is quite abundant and cannot be utilized optimally until now. While the government has targeted the use of renewable energy in 2025 by 23% along with an emission reduction of 29% in 2030. This research is conducting experiments with the aim of analyzing the performance level of Turbine Pelton Runner rotation speed using bamboo material. The turbine design is made with two different models between square nozzle made of bamboo material and round nozzle made of copper. The results showed that bamboo material designed with a square nozzle to rotate the Turbine Pelton Runner can produce a higher speed of 794.4 rpm than a round copper nozzle of 663 rpm. Increased Turbine rotation will produce higher electric energy. The potential for water discharge at the time of testing was quite large so as to produce electric power reaching 150 kW. The square nozzle designed from bamboo material to rotate the Turbine Pelton Runner is the latest in this article. Overall Turbine rotation performance for all three tests showed a significant improvement.
Gravity-Aided Ultrasonic Separation of Nanoparticles from Liquid Using Macro-Scale Separator
Authors: Nwe Zin Tun Khin , Zin Mar Khine , Min Htike Thein
Published: January 2021

Acoustophoresis is the technology to separate the microparticles and cells from suspending fluid. This research focuses on the separation of nanoparticles from water by using macro-scale fluidic separator which works based on gravity-aided ultrasonic standing wave technology. Titanium dioxide particles of 40 nm diameter were concentrated by the combination of ultrasonic standing wave field at 2.2 MHz and gravity-aided sedimentation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of gravity-aided ultrasonic particle to concentrate nanoparticles. It was found that the separation efficiency is 83% at a flow rate of 0.1 mL/min. FEM simulations were also conducted to evaluate characteristics of variation of acoustic energy inside the fluidic channel. Results indicate that nanoparticles can be concentrated using gravity-aided ultrasonic standing wave field, however optimization of the design of the fluidic channel is required for increasing throughput of the separator.
Newly Developed Thermal Load Profile for Enhancement in Hot Water System
Authors: Sazali Norazlianie , Nawi Munirah , Che Ghani Saiful Anwar , Kettner Maurice
Published: January 2021

In recent years with the advancement of technologies, the demand of a reliable and flexible hot water system has increased tremendously. A reliable system includes several critical points which are the degree of safety that a system can offer, the conservation of the energy used and the issue of cost saving. While a flexible system must provide the flexibility in the control of the output from a system desired by the consumers itself. This paper reported on newly developed system for hot water that will greatly benefit consumer. It focuses on building an extension of the cyber physical system in the existing system with purposes of implementing a thermal load profile for consumer who use the hot water system in their daily life. The implementation of the thermal load profile to the system is significant especially in conserving the energy used in the system simultaneously saving any related cost to operate the system. Based on the implemented thermal load profile, the system works in maintaining an output of thermal energy from the hot water supplied to the consumer at a certain value. In addition, it also allows flexibility in controlling the desired temperature by consumers. This new system is simulated in a test bench in the form of laboratory setup. The system uses a control loop feedback mechanism, which means that it will continuously regulate the temperature and mass flow rate of the flowed water in the pipeline for the consumer hot water simulation based on the calculated difference of the actual supplied values and the set values. With the use of standard devices and actuators to drive the system, a robust system can be realized.
Effect of Refrigeration Assisted Intercooler Turbocharging on Engine’s Horse Power
Authors: Arif Saba , Qadeer Adil , Taweekun Juntakan , Noranai Zamri , Kalvin Roman
Published: January 2021

The stringent regulations on fuel saving and emissions reduction in the transportation sector have become game-raisers in the development of present internal combustion engines for road applications, even if under-the-hood space constraints, downsizing and down-weighting prevent from adopting radical changes in the engine layout. In current research, objective is to find a viable and pragmatic solution to reduce the turbo-charged engine intake air temperature by a large value as compared to traditional air-to-air intercoolers to increase Engine Horsepower. In undergoing research, a refrigerated intercooler is designed on the basis of refrigeration cycle, which further decreases the intake air temperature of the engine, resulting in increased horsepower, and improved Formula 1 lap times. Additionally, Formula 1, 2014 (V6 Turbo-Charged) Engine is used. According to the results, horse power of 1209.74HP is obtained by using refrigeration assisted intercooler. However, 1061HP is obtained for air to air intercooler. So, performance gain of 15 to 20% over present intake air cooling system in Formula 1 engine cars is successfully achieved. Additionally, Research will be utilized to decrease lap time in formula 1 racing cars.
Effectiveness of a Health Education Intervention on Prevention of Self-harm Amongst Adolescents in New Delhi
Authors: Shabbir Mushtari , Kapoor Bimla , Biswas Mitali
Published: January 2021

Adolescents are vulnerable to various life stresses and often adapt to negative coping mechanisms in the form of self-harm.
We designed a study to assesses the comparative prevalence, social determinants and risk of self-harm among cohorts of adolescent school children. We investigated the impact of a health education intervention on the knowledge of prevention of self-harm among public and independent/private school adolescents in New Delhi, India.
Method: Questionnaire data was collected for phase - I from (n = 100 each) adolescents of government and private schools, to determine risk and prevalence. Phase II data was acquired following the provision of an education booklet on prevention of self-harm from adolescents (government n=39 and private schools n=40) reporting moderate risk.
Results: The prevalence of self-harm was 40% among government and 38% among private school adolescents. There were 4% of adolescents in private and 1% in government schools who demonstrated moderate to high risk of self-harm. There was a significant association between self-harm and risk factors including impulsiveness, interpersonal relationships, academic, peer influence, abuse and media influence. Health Education was effective in increasing the knowledge of both cohorts on self-harm behaviour, and its prevention.
Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the benefit of health education intervention regarding awareness of self-harm behaviour.
Management of Infected Charcot Neuroarthropathy due to Diabetes Mellitus with Half Pins External Fixator and Pinning: A Case Series
Authors: Deslivia Maria Florencia , Santosa Claudia , Aryanugraha Putu Teguh , Savio Sherly Desnita , Marta Ketut Kris Adi , Subawa I Wayan , Astawa Putu
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND: Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN) of the foot and ankle, which is complicated with infection, is debilitating disease and presents challenges until now. External fixation with half-pins is useful as provisional treatment.
AIM: The purpose of this retrospective case series is to summarize the patient characteristic, type of surgical intervention, outcome, and complication of infected CN treated in our hospital.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This case series studied retrospectively patients with CN of the foot and ankle due to diabetes mellitus type II, complicated by infection, who required surgical treatment in a single institution, from 2018 to 2019. Diagnosis was based on chronic deformity (fracture or dislocation) as proven on X-ray and recently developed infection as shown through clinical, laboratory, and radiological evaluation.
RESULTS: We studied seven patients with CN classified as Eichenholtz Stage 3 (100%) and Brodsky type 3A alone (n = 3) (Figure 1), and type 3A with other types (n = 4). The mean age is 44.6 years old (range, 35–60) and mean body mass index was 24.08 kg/m2 (range, 21.45–25.39). Signs of infection include leukocytosis (n = 6), soft-tissue swelling (n = 4), ulcer (n = 4), and osteomyelitis (n = 1) at presentation. Operative treatment consisted of debridement, followed by external fixation only (n = 4), combined external fixation and pinning (n = 2), and intramedullary pinning only (n = 1). The mean hospital length of stay was 4.5 days (range, 3–7). We performed short-term follow-up after a mean of 4.12 months (range, 1.3–5.3) and long-term after a mean of 15.02 months (range, 11.27–16.8), the limb salvage rate was 100% in both. One patient had revision of external fixation. As for functional outcome, at the time of long-term follow-up mean visual analogue scale was 0.75 (range, 0–2) and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Score was 66.25 (range, 57–77).
CONCLUSION: In this study, mostly external fixation with half-pins and methyl metacrylate was used based on the bone condition and patient’s compliance. Despite of its limitation, this method is effective when it is combined with strict blood glucose level and infection control.
A Determinant Analysis of Stunting Prevalence on Under 5-Year-Old Children to Establish Stunting Management Policy
Authors: Mutiarasari Diah , Miranti Miranti , Fitriana Yuli , Pakaya David , Sari Puspita , Bohari Bohari , Sabir Muhammad , Wahyuni Rosa Dwi , Ryzqa Ryzqa , Hadju Veni
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE: In Indonesia, stunting is a nutritional problem that is a threat to the growth and development of toddlers since the beginning of life. The total stunting of children under-five in 2018 in Palu city was 30.8%. Hence, it is necessary to strengthen the system that supports the determination of continued government policies in achieving a reduction in the incidence of stunting.
METHODS: A case control with research subjects totaling 520 toddlers. The sampling technique used was proportional stratified random sampling at all Puskesmas Kota Palu.
RESULTS: There is a multifactorial relationship between knowledge variables (p = 0.019), children have been sick (p = 0.000), mother’s height (p = 0.050), and mother’s education (p = 0.000) against the incidence of stunting. Low knowledge has a chance of 1.581 times and the status of the child having been sick has a chance of 9.166 times the incidence of stunting.
CONCLUSION: Multiple factors play a role in causing stunting in the city of Palu. Analysis of factors related to the incidence of stunting in children under-five in the working area of the Palu City Health Center is considered necessary in supporting the government in determining policies to tackle stunting problems.
Comparative Preliminary Analysis of Umbilical Cord Blood-, Healthy Adult Peripheral Blood- and Myocardial Infarct Peripheral Blood-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells
Authors: Ayuningtyas Wireni , Noverina Rachmawati , Kurniawan Dedy , Khairani Astrid F. , Atik Nur , Wirakusumah Firman F. , Faried Ahmad
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death globally with the 287,000 deaths per years, characterized by declining of heart function caused by the reduction of heart capacity and lead to heart failure. Cell therapy using endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) has a big potential for cardiovascular regeneration. EPCs are cells that have ability to differentiate into endothelial cells that can be mobilized and integrated into the defected blood vessel by angiogenesis.
AIM: We aimed to seek the superior EPCs derived from MNCs for functional improvement of advanced heart failure patient by cell therapy using EPCs.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We did preliminary analysis to compare umbilical cord blood (UCB), healthy adult peripheral blood (PB)-, and myocardial infarct PB-derived EPCs characteristic and surface phenotypes. Different sources of each EPCs mononuclear cells were characterized by the expression of endothelial (cluster of differentiation [CD] 31, acethylated low-density lipoprotein, and von Willebrand) and hematopoietic stem cell (CD45, CD34, and CD133) surface markers with flow cytometry.
RESULTS: In this study, EPCs and the conditioned medium (CM) have been produced and characterized in laboratory scale by comparing several sources of EPCs for instance UCB, PB from healthy people, and patients with myocardial infarction. We have shown that EPC characterizations from each group were not significantly different, but vascular endothelial growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor in UBC-derived CM-EPCs were higher than in PB.
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the UBC-derived EPCs might have a better potential for cardiovascular regeneration.
The Polymorphism in Interleukin-6-597 G/A Gene and their Levels on Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Tala Zaimah Z , Arrasyid Nurfida Khairina , Sanny Sanny , Sari Mutiara Indah
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) pro-inflammatory cytokines play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory reactions in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The -597G/A is one of IL-6 gene polymorphisms that are associated with the T2DM risk.
AIM: This study aimed to observe the polymorphism in IL-6-597 G/A gene and their levels on type 2 diabetic patients at Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: IL-6 -597 G/A gene polymorphisms and levels were done in 80 type 2 diabetic patients. The levels of IL-6 were performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Analysis of IL-6-597 G/A gene polymorphism was done using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism. The PCR products were cut by FokI restriction enzyme and then visualized with 4% agarose.
RESULTS: This study showed that the genotype frequency of GG and GA was 97.5 % and 2.5 %, respectively; however, no A/A genotype shown in this population. IL-6 levels were higher in GG genotype group compare to GA+AA genotype group, with the association were significant (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: This study indicated that GG genotype was common genotype in the IL-6-597 G/A gene polymorphism and the polymorphism was significantly with the IL-6 levels.
The Difference of Hypoxic Inducible Factor-1α, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, and Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Based on Liver Fibrosis Severity in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Husen Libya , Siregar Gontar Alamsyah , Lubis Masrul
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B is a global health problem. The disease damages hepatocytes and creates tissue hypoxic condition. Hypoxia triggers production of several mediators such as hypoxic inducible factor (HIF)-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. The mediators act in liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
AIM: The objective of the study was to determine the difference in serum HIF-1α, VEGF, and TGF-β1 levels based on liver fibrosis severity in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed in Haji Adam Malik Hospital Medan, Indonesia, from January to July 2020. Subjects were chronic hepatitis B patients aged 18 years or older. Exclusion criteria were other chronic diseases, malignancies, or pregnancy. Liver fibrosis was determined using shear wave elastography and categorized as follow: F1, F2, F3, and F4. Serum HIF-1α, VEGF, and TGF-β1 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Specimens were obtained from venous blood.
RESULTS: A total of 63 patients were enrolled in this study with mean age of 40.3 (SD 11.69) years. Subjects were dominated by males (58.7%). There were no differences in serum HIF-1α, VEGF, and TGF-β1 levels based on liver fibrosis grading and also based on hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg) status and gender. Associations between liver fibrosis grading, HBeAg, and gender were absent. There was a positive correlation between liver fibrosis severity and age (r = 0.311, p = 0.013).
CONCLUSION: Serum HIF-1α, VEGF, and TGF-β1 levels were not different among chronic hepatitis B patients based on liver fibrosis severity.
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor presenting as a diffuse pancreatic enlargement, case report and review of literature
Authors: Salahshour Faeze , Taslimi Reza , Moosavi Najme-sadat , Ayoobi Yazdi Niloofar , Esfandbod Mohsen
Published: January 2021

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are rare neoplasms that comprise 1-2% of all pancreatic tumors. However, they are the second most common solid pancreatic neoplasms. They have a wide range of imaging appearances and they can show common to very rare imaging presentations. Most of the time they are solitary well-marginated enhancing solid mass arising in a certain aspect of the pancreas. We present a case report of a 41-year-old female who underwent clinical work-up for abdominal pain, loss of appetite and weight loss for the past year. Ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging show diffuse homogenous pancreatic enlargement without contour deformity or a focal mass. Lymphoma and autoimmune pancreatitis were suggested based on imaging findings but IGg4 level and other lab data were normal. Endoscopic ultrasonography confirmed the diffuse enlargement of the pancreas without peripheral structures involvement. The pathological results of multiple fine-needle aspiration biopsy from all parts of the enlarged pancreas revealed a low-grade neuroendocrine tumor.
Biostratigraphy of the Upper Devonian Khoshyeilagh Formation in NE Iran based on conodonts and other faunas
Authors: Jafarbeigloo Fatemeh , Majidifard Mahmoudreza , Hamdi Bahaeddin , Asghari Afshin , Arian Mehran
Published: January 2021

The Khoshyeilagh Formation located in the northeast of Iran yielded seven conodont species and sub-species and 19 macro- and microfossil taxa that allow recognition of two conodont biozones and one biozone based on calcareous microfossils. The latest Frasnian age (the Upper rhenana to linguiformis zones) is attributed to the topmost strata with Icriodus alternatus. Its replacement with I. cornutus indicates the Famennian (Lower triangularis to Lower crepida zones) corresponding to the Umbellina Zone. The fossil assemblages identified in the Khoshyeilagh Formation represent a shallow marine environment with a tropical climate at the time of deposition. The fossil species from the Khoshyeilagh Formation and the sedimentary basins in Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Poland, and Russia reveal a close connection between the Iranian plateau and the northern parts of Gondwana in the Late Devonian. The biofacies and lithofacies analyses show a sea-level decline at the end of Frasnian, followed by a considerable sea-level drop, as in other regions of the world. After a short time, in the Famennian, the deepening occurred in some parts of the area and the open marine facies (bioclast spicule wackestone-packstone) were deposited. This study is the first attempt to determine the Frasnian-Famennian boundary based on conodont assemblages and other fossil species such as umbellulids, tentaculites, and ostracods. The distribution of these species is interpreted in sedimentological, stratigraphic, sequence stratigraphy, and the global eustatic context. Keywords: biofacies, conodont, Frasnian-Famennian boundary, Late Devonian, NE Iran.
Age of the Post-rift Sequence I from the Araripe Basin, Lower Cretaceous, NE Brazil: implications for spatio-temporal correlation
Authors: Coimbra João Carlos , Freire Tiago Menezes
Published: January 2021

A robust biostratigraphic zonation based on microfossils supports the stratigraphic framework and correlation of the interior basins of the Lower Cretaceous of NE Brazil. This zonation has also allowed correlations with coeval sections in the Brazilian marginal basins and in the Gabon and Congo basins (central-west Africa). These records, consisting mainly of non-marine sediments, were a great challenge with regard to the correlation with the International Chronostratigraphic Chart. Therefore, local stages were used, the most recent being the Alagoas local Brazilian Stage, with which the Post-rift Sequence I of the Araripe Basin is related. Regarding lithostratigraphy, this sequence includes the Rio da Batateira (Barbalha for some authors) and Santana formations, the last one with the famous Crato, Ipubi, and Romualdo members, from the base to the top. Although currently there is a consensus on the age of the Alagoas local Brazilian Stage in the Araripe Basin, recently a new age for at least part of the Post-rift Sequence I was proposed. This new proposal, based on isotopic analysis of Re-Os, arose as a panacea to correlate the Rio da Batateira Formation and the Crato and Ipubi members with the international stages. Surprisingly, their authors, although on the one hand, they seem to underestimate biostratigraphic results, on the other they seek to support their proposal from microfossils studied by previous authors, but they do so in an inappropriate way, leading readers to misinterpret their results. Therefore, this paper presents a critical review on the age of the Alagoas local Brazilian Stage in the Araripe Basin and nearby basins, refuting a Barremian age for part of the Post-rift Sequence I. Keywords: Alagoas local Brazilian Stage, biostratigraphy, ostracods, palynomorphs, radiometric ages.
Nanofósseis calcários do Mioceno da Bacia do Baixo Tejo, Portugal
Authors: Lemos João Paulo da Silva , Oliveira Geize Carolinne Correia Andrade
Published: January 2021

Calcareous nannofossils of the Lower Tejo Basin Miocene, Portugal. This study presents the taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and paleoecology of calcareous nannofossils from an outcrop on the border of Foz da Fonte beach, geologically setting in the Neogene of the Lower Tejo Basin, Portugal. The taxonomic description allowed us to identify 19 calcareous nannofossils species belonging to ten genera (Helicosphaera, Pontosphaera, Reticulofenestra, Cyclicargolithus, Coccolithus, Discoaster, Sphenolithus, Umbilicosphaera, Calcidiscus, and Thoracosphaera). Based on the stratigraphic range of Discoaster druggii, Reticulofenestra lockeri, and Helicosphaera ampliaperta the section was defined in the NN2 and CN1 biozones, within the Burdigalian (lower Miocene). Quantitative analysis showed a significant variation in species diversity as a function of depth, as well as a relationship between species richness and the calcium carbonate content present in these rocks. According to these data, mainly due to the abundance of Reticulofenestra spp., Coccolithus spp. and Helicosphaera spp., it is possible to infer that this was a nutrient-rich nearshore marine environment (eutrophic) influenced by warm water conditions. Keywords: calcareous nannofossils, taxonomy, biostratigraphy, paleoecology, Neogene, Lower Tejo Basin.
Quaternary proboscidean (Mammalia) remains of the UIS Geological Museum, Colombia
Authors: Suárez-Ibarra Jaime Yesid , Cardoso Gina , Asevedo Lidiane , França Lucas de Melo , Dantas Mário André Trindade , Cruz-Guevara Luis Enrique , Rojas-Mantilla Andrés Felipe , Ribeiro Ana Maria
Published: January 2021

Proboscideans arrived in South America from North America during the Great American Biotic Interchange, becoming one of the most representative animals of the megafauna that inhabited this continent throughout the Quaternary. In Colombia, the abundance of their remains contrasts with scarce scientific descriptions and publications. This paper identifies dental and postcranial proboscidean fossils from the Center and Northeast of Colombia. The fossil remains were identified as molars (six), a tusk, cervical vertebrae, and a distal part of the right humerus. The tusk was assigned to Notiomastodon platensis, while the other remains were assigned to Gomphotheriidae, with at least six individuals: two immatures, two subadults, and two older adults – mature and senile. Keywords: South America, megamammals, taxonomy, Gomphotheriidae, Notiomastodon platensis.