bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surface characterization and chemical speciation of adsorbed iron(iii) on oxidized carbon nanoparticles
Authors: Pattammattel Ajith , Leppert Valerie J. , Forman Henry Jay , O'Day Peggy A.
Published: January 2019

Iron speciation on oxidized carbon nanoparticles changes with surface concentration.
Field-effect transistor array modified by a stationary phase to generate informative signal patterns for machine learning-assisted recognition of gas-phase chemicals
Authors: Yoshizumi Toshihiro , Goda Tatsuro , Yatabe Rui , Oki Akio , Matsumoto Akira , Oka Hiroaki , Washio Takashi , Toko Kiyoshi , Miyahara Yuji
Published: January 2019

We propose an artificial intelligence-based chemical-sensing system integrating a porous gate field-effect transistor (PGFET) array modified by gas chromatography stationary phase materials and machine-learning techniques.
Phosphine- and water-promoted pentannulative aldol reaction
Authors: Satpathi Bishnupada , Dutta Lona , Ramasastry S. S. V.
Published: January 2019

An intramolecular aldol reaction promoted by tributylphosphine and water is described. Thereby, metal-free access to highly functionalised cyclopenta-fused arenes and heteroarenes is achieved.
Highly-efficient semi-transparent organic solar cells utilising non-fullerene acceptors with optimised multilayer MoO3/Ag/MoO3 electrodes
Authors: Sun Guangjun , Shahid Munazza , Fei Zhuping , Xu Shenda , Eisner Flurin D. , Anthopolous Thomas D. , McLachlan Martyn A. , Heeney Martin
Published: January 2019

We report the optimisation of a semi-transparent solar cell based on a blend of a recently reported high performance donor polymer (PFBDB-T) with a non-fullerene acceptor derivative (C8-ITIC).
Chiral discrimination of 2-heptlyaminium salt by planar-chiral monohydroxy-functionalized pillar[5]arenes
Authors: Al-Azemi Talal F. , Vinodh Mickey , Alipour Fatemeh H. , Mohamod Abdirahman A.
Published: January 2019

A chiral receptor was synthesized based on monohydroxy-functionalized pillar[5]arenes and its ability to discriminate alkyl aminium salts is demonstrated.
Fragmented lignin-assisted synthesis of a hierarchical ZnO nanostructure for ammonia gas sensing
Authors: Joshi Kanchan M. , Shinde Dnyaneshwar R. , Nikam Latesh K. , Panmand Rajendra , Sethi Yogesh A. , Kale Bharat B. , Chaskar Manohar G.
Published: January 2019

Flow sheet for isolation of fragmented lignin.
Efficient synthesis of Ibrutinib chiral intermediate in high space-time yield by recombinant E. coli co-expressing alcohol dehydrogenase and glucose dehydrogenase
Authors: Chen Yitong , Ma Baodi , Cao Songshuang , Wu Xiaomei , Xu Yi
Published: January 2019

A simple and efficient process for the synthesis of optically active (S)-N-boc-3-hydroxy piperidine was developed using the “designer cells” co-expressing alcohol dehydrogenase and glucose dehydrogenase.
Study of diffuse phase transition and relaxor ferroelectric behavior of Ba0.97Bi0.02Ti0.9Zr0.05Nb0.04O3 ceramic
Authors: Raddaoui Z. , El Kossi S. , Dhahri J. , Abdelmoula N. , Taibi K.
Published: January 2019

In the present work, structural property of polycrystalline sample Ba0.97Bi0.02Ti0.9Zr0.05Nb0.04O3 (BBTZN) prepared by a molten-salt method were investigated.
Development of hollow ferrogadolinium nanonetworks for dual-modal MRI guided cancer chemotherapy
Authors: Tang Ting , Sun Xiao , Xu Xuedong , Bian Yifeng , Ma Xiaojie , Chen Ning
Published: January 2019

This multifunctional nanomaterial with a nanonetwork architecture can be used for dual-modal MRI guided cancer chemotherapy.
Chan–Lam coupling reaction of sulfamoyl azides with arylboronic acids for synthesis of unsymmetrical N-arylsulfamides
Authors: Won Suk-Young , Kim Seo-Eun , Kwon Yong-Ju , Shin Inji , Ham Jungyeob , Kim Won-Suk
Published: January 2019

An efficient method was developed for the synthesis of unsymmetrical N-arylsulfamides using sulfamoyl azides and arylboronic acids in the presence of 10 mol% of copper chloride as the catalyst.
A SERS aptasensor for sensitive and selective detection of bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
Authors: Tu Dandan , Garza Javier T. , Coté Gerard L.
Published: January 2019

This paper reports a SERS aptasensor developed to detect DEHP at relevant ranges with ultrasensitive performance and good selectivity.
The anti-diarrhea activity of red algae-originated sulphated polysaccharides on ETEC-K88 infected mice
Authors: Liu Bo , Liu Qing-Mei , Li Gui-Ling , Sun Le-Chang , Gao Yuan-Yuan , Zhang Ya-Fen , Liu Hong , Cao Min-Jie , Liu Guang-Ming
Published: January 2019

Polysaccharides from red algae Porphyra haitanensis and Gracilaria lemaneiformis possess various bioactive functions, however, their anti-diarrhea activity remains incompletely defined.
Bi-component synergic effect in lily-like CdS/Cu7S4 QDs for dye degradation
Authors: Wan Mengli , Cui Shizhong , Wei Wutao , Cui Siwen , Chen Kongyao , Chen Weihua , Mi Liwei
Published: January 2019

CdS has attracted extensive attention in the photocatalytic degradation of wastewater due to its relatively narrow bandgap and various microstructures.
Modulation of energy metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis by a novel proteoglycan fromGanoderma lucidum
Authors: Yang Zhou , Zhang Zeng , Zhao Juan , He Yanming , Yang Hongjie , Zhou Ping
Published: January 2019

In this study we first focused on the effects of a novel proteoglycan extracted fromGanoderma lucidum(FYGL) on mitochondrial biogenesis, because mitochondrial dysfunction is highly related to insulin resistance.
Electrochemical impacts of sheet-like hafnium phosphide and hafnium disulfide catalysts bonded with reduced graphene oxide sheets for bifunctional oxygen reactions in alkaline electrolytes
Authors: Meganathan Mayilvel Dinesh , Huang Taizhong , Fang Hengyi , Mao Jianfeng , Sun Guoxin
Published: January 2019

Sheet-like structured hafnium phosphide (HfP) and hafnium disulphide (HfS2) catalysts show high catalytic activity for both oxygen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions, which are determined by the compositional anion ions.
Sakura-based activated carbon preparation and its performance in supercapacitor applications
Authors: Ma Fei , Ding Shaolan , Ren Huijun , Liu Yanhua
Published: January 2019

3D porous carbonaceous materials were prepared by combining pre-carbonization and KOH activation with sakura petals as raw materials.
Scoparone protects neuronal cells from oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation injury
Authors: Wu Chunfang , Li Ting , Zhu Baihui , Zhu Ruiming , Zhang Youran , Xing Fanglan , Chen Yong
Published: January 2019

Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the world.
Facile and green preparation of hemicellulose-based film with elevated hydrophobicity via cross-linking with citric acid
Authors: Shao Hui , Sun Hui , Yang Biao , Zhang Huijuan , Hu Yu
Published: January 2019

The esterification of hemicellulose with citric acid formed cross-linking structure and promoted the hydrophobicity and oxygen barrier performance of films.
Electrical control of liquid metal amoeba with directional extension formation
Authors: Hu Liang , Zhao Xi , Guo Jiarui , Liu Jing
Published: January 2019

In this study, an electric field was used to regulate and control pseudopodia-like extensions of a liquid metal-Al (LM-Al) droplet in certain directions.
Study of active Brownian particle diffusion in polymer solutions
Authors: Du Yunfei , Jiang Huijun , Hou Zhonghuai
Published: January 2019

The diffusion behavior of an active Brownian particle (ABP) in polymer solutions is studied using Langevin dynamics simulations.
A general synthetic methodology to access magnesium aluminate electrolyte systems for Mg batteries
Authors: Keyzer Evan N. , Lee Jeongjae , Liu Zigeng , Bond Andrew D. , Wright Dominic S. , Grey Clare P.
Published: January 2019

A general method for the preparation of Mg aluminate electrolyte systems is presented along with their electrochemical behaviour.
New high-energy-density GeTe-based anodes for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Nam Ki-Hun , Sung Geon-Kyu , Choi Jeong-Hee , Youn Jong-Sang , Jeon Ki-Joon , Park Cheol-Min
Published: January 2019

A layered germanium telluride (GeTe) and its C-modified nanocomposite (GeTe–C) are synthesized by a simple solid-state synthesis technique, and their electrochemical behaviors for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are evaluated.
Poly(ionic liquid)–zinc polyoxometalate composite as a binder-free cathode for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Singh Vikram , Padhan Anil Kumar , Adhikary Subhasis Das , Tiwari Aarti , Mandal Debaprasad , Nagaiah Tharamani C.
Published: January 2019

A polyoxometalate–ionic polymer composite was utilized as highly stable and efficient catalyst for high performance Li–S battery cathode with high utilization of sulfur and capacity retention.
Nanomized tumor-microenvironment-active NIR fluorescent prodrug for ensuring synchronous occurrences of drug release and fluorescence tracing
Authors: Li Qiang , Cao Jun , Wang Qi , Zhang Jie , Zhu Shiqin , Guo Zhiqian , Zhu Wei-Hong
Published: January 2019

A nanomized NIR fluorescent prodrug was developed with improved bioavailability and tumor-targeting ability. Nanomized tumor-microenvironment-active NIR DCM-S-GEM/PEG prodrug provides a novel approach to realize long real-time tracking of drug delivery and activation process without systemic toxicity in vivo.
Growth of SnO2 nanocrystals co-doped with Eu3+ for highly enhanced photoluminescence in mesoporous silica glasses
Authors: Chen Ping , Mao Yiwei , Hou Shaodong , Chen Yang , Liu Xiaofen , Lou Yang , Chen Aichen , Yang Luyun , Li Jinyan , Dai Nengli
Published: January 2019

Highly enhanced photoluminescence of Eu3+ achieved by co-doping SnO2 nanocrystals in mesoporous silica glasses.
Smart strain sensing organic–inorganic hybrid hydrogels with nano barium ferrite as the cross-linker
Authors: Gu Hongbo , Zhang Hongyuan , Ma Chao , Sun Hongling , Liu Chuntai , Dai Kun , Zhang Jiaoxia , Wei Renbo , Ding Tao , Guo Zhanhu
Published: January 2019

Polyacrylic acid hybrid hydrogel with nano barium ferrite as a cross-linker exhibits stable piezoresistive sensing performance with negligible hysteresis loops.
Full in silico DFT characterization of lanthanum and yttrium based oxynitride semiconductors for solar fuels
Authors: Garcia-Esparza Angel T. , Tymińska Nina , Al Orabi Rabih Al Rahal , Le Bahers Tangui
Published: January 2019

The full characterization of YTaON2 and YTiO2N is performed by DFT and compared to their La-based counterparts.
Elemental Se: fundamentals and its optoelectronic applications
Authors: Zhu Menghua , Niu Guangda , Tang Jiang
Published: January 2019

Elemental selenium (Se), as the oldest photovoltaic material, has many advantages such as a direct band gap, earth-abundance, simple composition, nontoxicity, and a low melting point for optoelectronic applications.
Broadband NIR emission from multiple Bi centers in nitridated borogermanate glassesviatailoring local glass structure
Authors: Cao Jiangkun , Peng Jie , Wang Liping , Luo Haoyang , Wang Xiu , Xiong Puxian , Wang Yafei , Peng Mingying
Published: January 2019

The introduction of nitride into Bi-doped multi-component glasses enhances and broadens Bi NIR emission.
An efficient and stable hybrid organic light-emitting device based on an inorganic metal oxide hole transport layer and an electron transport layer
Authors: Zhang Jiaxin , Zhang Xiang , Feng Haiwei , Yu Ziwei , Zhang Jiaming , Liu Shihao , Zhang Letian , Xie Wenfa
Published: January 2019

A hybrid organic light-emitting device with excellent stability has been achieved by introducing an ultra-thick MoO3 layer as a hole transport layer.
Deciphering the loss of persistent red luminescence in ZnGa2O4:Cr3+upon Al3+substitution
Authors: Finley Erin , Brgoch Jakoah
Published: January 2019

Spinel-type structures offer a systematic investigation of persistent luminescent phosphors as a function of composition.
Next wave advances in single-cell analyses
Authors: Herr Amy E. , Kitamori Takehiko , Landegren Ulf , Kamali-Moghaddam Masood
Published: January 2019

Welcome to this Analyst themed issue highlighting next wave advances in single cell analyses, Guest Edited by Amy Herr (University of California, Berkeley, USA) Takehiko Kitamori (University of Tokyo, Japan), Ulf Landegren (Uppsala University, Sweden) and Masood Kamali-Moghaddam (Uppsala University, Sweden).
N-Doped carbon nanofibers derived from bacterial cellulose as an excellent metal-free catalyst for selective oxidation of arylalkanes
Authors: Huang Runkun , Cao Changyan , Liu Jian , Sun Dongping , Song Weiguo
Published: January 2019

N-Doped carbon nanofibers derived from one-step pyrolysis of low-cost bacterial cellulose with the assistance of urea were an excellent metal-free carbocatalyst for selective oxidation of arylalkanes.
A novel constraint and non‐standard characteristics for optimal over‐current relays coordination to enhance microgrid protection scheme
Authors: El‐Naily Naser , Saad Saad M. , Hussein Tawfiq , Mohamed Faisal A.
Published: January 2019

Over the last few decades, the inverse over‐current protection scheme has been one of the most common schemes utilised in protecting the distribution networks (DNs). Although over‐current relays (OCRs) give an excellent protection in extreme failure situations, but continuous integration of distributed generation (DG) and the multi‐looped structure of modern DN has made it difficult for the existing industrial OCR's to secure suitable coordination between the different OCR's. The problem of coordinating over‐current schemes in the presence of DG needs a complementary between the optimisation techniques employed and the limitation of the manufactured relays existed in the DN for proper discrimination between OCRs. This study investigates the influence of excessive fault current due to DG penetration on conventional IEC characteristics. A novel constraint had been proposed to be added to the formula of the coordination problem – taking into consideration – the limitation of conventional IEC tripping characteristics utilised in nowadays numerical relays. Furthermore, a new non‐standard tripping characteristic is suggested to increase the applicability of the optimisation techniques with the existing OCR's. A benchmark IEC microgrid is implemented in ETAP Package. The genetic algorithm is employed to investigate the effectiveness of the two proposed approaches to the conventional optimisation techniques in different operational modes.
Enhanced modelling of the transformer winding high frequency parameters identification from measured frequency response analysis
Authors: Chanane Abdallah , Houassine Hamza , Bouchhida Ouahid
Published: January 2019

One way to represent the physical behaviour of the transformer winding under high frequencies is to construct an equivalent circuit using modernised methods. This study represents a luxurious and time‐efficient computation method based on particle swarm optimisation with simulated annealing (PSO‐SA) method to construct an equivalent circuit of a transformer winding, from its frequency response analysis. The proposed method uses a simulated annealing method as a local search tool to improve the convergence and the characteristics of particle swarm optimisation in fast calculation. Furthermore, a comparative study of PSO‐SA, crow search algorithm and genetic algorithm method is made. Different case studies of a transformer winding with an air core are considered. According to the results, the PSO‐SA has higher efficiency and faster convergence.
Design and test of a new kind of coupling mechanical HVDC circuit breaker
Authors: Liu Liming , Yuan Zhao , Xu Hui , Chen Lixue , He Junjia , Pan Yuan , Cen Yishun
Published: January 2019

In this paper, a new kind of coupling mechanical high‐voltage direct current (HVDC) circuit breaker topology based on pulse transformer is proposed and its working principle is analysed in detail. On the basis of the requirement of 160 kV rated voltage, and 9 kA breaking current, the varying trend and design principle of parameters are given by the theoretical calculation. The prototype design of 160 kV HVDC circuit breaker is completed and type test passes. Results prove that the prototype of 160 kV HVDC circuit breaker has natural bi‐directional breaking capacity. It can interrupt the current below 9 kA and withstand transient interruption voltage 272 kV. The breaking time is <5 ms.
Optimal ESS allocation in distribution network using accelerated generalised Benders decomposition
Authors: Lin Zhe , Hu Zechun , Zhang Hongcai , Song Yonghua
Published: January 2019

With the advancement of energy storage technologies, installing an energy storage system (ESS) in a distribution network has become a new solution to accommodate more and more distributed renewable generations. In this study, the optimal allocation of distributed ESSs is studied to maximise the benefit of the distribution system operator. The ESS allocation problem is divided into two stages: the mixed integer investment problem as the first stage and the optimal operation problems considering daily charging/discharging schedule of ESSs as the second stage. To tackle the uncertainties of distributed generation output and base load, typical days (scenarios) are firstly obtained by the clustering method and thereafter the operation problems include a number of scenarios, each with the corresponding possibility. Then each second stage problem is relaxed to a second‐order cone programming model. To efficiently solve the whole problem considering multiple scenarios, the generalised Benders decomposition (GBD) algorithm is adopted, which is further accelerated by relaxing and rebinding integer constraints. Numerical experiments are conducted on a 17‐bus test system to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Additionally, comparisons between different algorithms are performed to verify the merits of the proposed acceleration method with respect to the original GBD and the branch‐and‐bound algorithm.
Loss allocation for radial distribution networks including DGs using Shapley value sampling estimation
Authors: Yu Qingyun , Xie Jun , Chen Xingying , Yu Kun , Gan Lei , Chen Lu
Published: January 2019

This study focuses on the equitable loss allocation method for radial distribution networks integrated with distributed generators (DGs). As the traditional Shapley value method may cause a combinational explosion problem, the authors propose a sampling method for estimating the actual Shapley value. They use a stratified sampling method (SSM) to reduce the number of samples of Shapley value method with the subject to the overall equilibrium constraint. To determine the number of samples drawn from each stratum, they use the Neyman optimum allocation to minimise the variance of the sample mean. A reinforcement learning algorithm is introduced to estimate the standard deviations of the strata needed for the optimal stratified sampling. The proposed method is applied to a modified 17‐bus distribution network and an actual distribution network in Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China. The simulation results show that the proposed method can not only resolve the combinational explosion problem of Shapley value method but retain its desirable characteristics. The proposed method can dramatically reduce computational time by implementing a SSM. Therefore, the efficiency and superiority of the proposed method with regards to loss allocation are verified for radial distribution networks that include DGs.
Optimal battery and fuel cell operation for energy management strategy in MG
Authors: Jabir Muhammad , Mokhlis Hazlie , Muhammad Munir Azam , Illias Hazlee Azil
Published: January 2019

Microgrid (MG) with optimal operating (OC) and capital cost (CC) is highly required. This study presents dual‐mode energy management system (DM‐EMS) operation with the objective of minimising the overall OC of the MG. DM‐EMS determines the best mode to operate battery and fuel cell at a particular time and its duration to operate MG with minimum cost. The CC of an MG is mainly depending on battery size and battery life. In this study, novel battery sizing method by using the proposed life cycle cost (LCC) function is introduced. Considering the impact of battery size and life in the OC and CC of an MG, the proposed DM energy management strategy and novel battery sizing are concurrently optimised by using the proposed LCC function. The proposed strategy is validated using an MG system consisting of wind, battery storage and fuel cell. The results show that better optimal OC and CC with an accurate optimal battery capacity of an MG are achieved. In addition, analysis on the optimal battery size variations for different battery level [state of charges (SOCs)] is conducted. Changes in OCs and CC for the different range of initial battery SOC are also assessed.
L2,1‐norm‐based sparse principle component analysis with trace norm regularised term
Authors: Chen Xiuhong , Sun Huiqiang
Published: January 2019

Principal component analysis (PCA) is the most widely used unsupervised dimensionality reduction approach. However, most PCA based on the squared reconstruction errors assume that all training samples have been centred, which make them not robust to outliers or noises in the samples and will depress their performance of classification accuracy. On the other hand, when there are various correlations in the training samples, the l1‐norm regularisation encounters instability problems. To address the above problems, the authors propose a novel L2,1‐norm‐based sparse PCA with the trace norm regularised term (abbreviated to OMSPCA‐L21‐TN) to learn the optimal projection matrix and optimal mean simultaneously, where the objective function in model consists of the L2,1‐norm‐based reconstruction error and the trace‐norm‐based regularised term of the projection vectors involved the sample matrix. Thus, not only can the authors’ method obtain the sparse features and reduce the effect of noise and outliers but also be adaptive to the correlation of the training samples. An effective optimisation solution is also given. The experimental results on some publicly available datasets demonstrate that the proposed approach is feasible and effective.
3D palmprint recognition using unsupervised convolutional deep learning network and SVM classifier
Authors: Chaa Mourad , Akhtar Zahid , Attia Abdelouahab
Published: January 2019

Since past decade, efforts are afoot to design better hand‐based automatic person recognition systems. Among the various hand‐based biometric traits, palmprint as a biometric characteristic is now gaining increased attention from both the academic and industrial communities owing to its highly distinctive texture patterns, features richness, and stability. Here, the authors propose a new 3D palmprint recognition framework based on an unsupervised convolutional deep learning network named PCANet. Specifically, the proposed framework first reconstructs illumination‐invariant 3D palmprint images using Single Scale Retinex (SSR) algorithm. Then, PCANet topology is employed to extract discriminative features from SSR images. Finally, a multi‐class support vector machine (SVM) classification scheme is utilised to determine the identity of the person. Extensive experimental analysis on publicly available 3D palmprint PolyU dataset, which is composed of 8000 range images from 200 individuals, shows that proposed method outperforms existing approaches and is also able to attain 99.98% rank‐1 accuracy.
Detection and tracking of bubbles in two‐phase air water flow for non‐convergent sinusoidal channel
Authors: ur Rahman Altaf , Sajid Muhammad , Gillani Syed Omer , Uddin Emad , Hassan Ibrahim
Published: January 2019

Bubble detection and tracking, which is essential for the enhancement of gas–liquid two‐phase flow applications, is difficult due to optical noise surrounding bubble boundaries. Two‐phase flow applications involving unconventional wavy channels further complicate these tasks by introducing non‐linearity. In this work, the authors apply a path‐based approach to transform a sinusoidal channel into a straightened horizontal channel for bubble detection and tracking. Segmented morphological operations are applied to the linear channel to identify each bubble as a single entity and to eliminate noise caused due to illumination conditions. The bubbles are detected through blob analysis and are associated across different frames based on motion, estimated by Kalman filter in both sinusoidal and path‐based approach to the sinusoidal channel. The results show that the proposed path‐based straightened channel gives more accurate results for the benchmark parameters of bubble count and bubble velocities than the sinusoidal channel with a percentage error reduction of 31.61% for bubble count and 27.36% for velocity.
Image reconstruction for emission tomography using intensity normalised patch‐based regularisation
Authors: Ren Xue , Lee Soo‐Jin
Published: January 2019

Recently, patch‐based regularisation methods have been a topic for tomographic reconstruction, since they are expected to preserve features within patches. However, conventional patch‐based methods tend to ignore important similarities when the two patches being compared have a large intensity difference, while they share similar features in a scaled domain, which often results in the loss of fine details. In this work, to overcome this problem, the authors measure the similarity using normalised patch (NP) differences as well as unnormalised standard patch (SP) differences. A NP difference is obtained by normalising each patch with respect to its mean value and scaling the difference between the two NPs. The addition of NPs provides great potential to restore non‐piecewise flat regions that are often ignored by SP‐based regularisation methods. To combine the two types of patch differences, they use a method of space‐variant linear combination where the weight controlling the balance between the two types is derived from a transform of the gradient of each pixel location. The authors’ experiments for emission tomography reconstruction demonstrate that the proposed method improves not only the overall reconstruction accuracy for realistic data with the non‐piecewise flat structure, but also the contrast recovery of small structures.
Energy analysis of products and processes in a sanitary landfill
Authors: Pereira Nascimento Dayse , Menezes Valeska L. , Carvalho Monica , Chacartegui Ricardo
Published: January 2019

The potential energy uses of landfill gas (LFG) are investigated herein, focusing on electricity generation and leachate evaporation. LFG generation is estimated with the application of the GasSim method, using real data on the municipal solid waste disposal at the Metropolitan Sanitary Landfill of João Pessoa (Northeast Brazil). The results show significant LFG generation, with an estimated peak production of 11,277.28 t in 2028, and LFG generation until 2042. Commercially available biogas‐operated equipment were analysed for electricity production in situ, considering production and operation restrictions at the landfill. It was verified that after 2018, a cogeneration facility can generate electricity and the available heat is sufficient to evaporate leachate. Positive net economic results are obtained, with an internal rate of return over 30% after 26 years, demonstrating that the cogeneration facility is profitable and self‐sustainable.
High breakdown voltage AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with a dipole layer for microwave power applications
Authors: Du Jiangfeng , Li Xiaoyun , Bai Zhiyuan , Liu Yong , Yu Qi
Published: January 2019

A novel high breakdown voltage AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor with a dipole layer (GaN DL‐HEMT) is proposed in this work. The dipole layer (DL) is formed by AlGaN which is attached to the AlGaN barrier and located in the passivation layer between drain and gate electrodes. DL can improve significantly the breakdown voltage (BV) by modulating the distribution of electric field along the channel. The proposed GaN DL‐HEMT exhibits a high BV of 1130 V, which increased from 496 V of conventional GaN HEMT with gate–drain distance of 5 μm, while on‐state resistance keeps 0.48 Ω.mm and FOM at a high level of 2.67 GW/cm2 is obtained. Meanwhile, the cutoff frequency maintains a large value as high as 32.4 GHz, which increases by 74% compared with GaN with a gate field plate. The novel GaN DL‐HEMT shows great prospects in microwave power applications.
Trans‐scale precision positioning stage without guideway based on inertial stick–slip driving
Authors: Zhong Bowen , Zhu Jie , Jin Ziqi , He Haidong , Wang Zhenhua , Sun Lining
Published: January 2019

In this work, a trans‐scale precision positioning stage without guideway based on the inertial stick–slip driving is proposed, which can provide nano‐scale resolution ratio and output long‐range motion. The stage consists of an encapsulated piezoelectric actuator, a connection block, a base, a pair of ceramic bars, and magnets, and the volume is 25 mm × 17 mm × 13.5 mm. The structure and the principle are introduced in detail. To investigate the locomotion characteristics, a prototype is manufactured, and a series of experiments are carried out. The velocity can reach 13 mm/s when the driving frequency is 2.5 kHz and the resolution is 2 nm. The experimental results confirm that the prototype based on the inertial stick–slip driving is valid through magnets. The good linear relationships exist between the displacement curves and time under various driving voltages and frequencies.
Machbarkeit und Auswirkungen von Badeanwendungen mit einer verdünnten fossilen Sole auf Blutdruck, Gefäßregulation und autonome Funktion
Authors: Lechleitner P , Widemair O
Published: January 2019

Fragestellung Untersucht wurde in einer Machbarkeitsstudie die Durchführbarkeit von Messungen bei Badeanwendungen mit einer verdünnten fossilen Sole (Deferegger Heilwasser) und deren Einfluss auf Blutdruck, Gefäßregulation und Funktion des autonomen Nervensystems

Methode 42 Probanden führten 10 konsekutive Badeanwendungen a 45 Min mit 5 Liter Heilwasserzusatz durch. Vor und nach der Badeserie wurden Blutdruck, endotheliale Funktion (mittels Endo-PAT), autonome Nervenfunktion mittels Herzfrequenzvariabilität und Befindlichkeit (EBF-24 Fragebogen) inklusive Schlafqualität gemessen.

Ergebnisse Nach der Badeserie zeigte sich der Blutdruck (Abfall von 123/74 auf 119/72 mmHg; p<0,005), die parasympathische Aktivität (pNN50-Anstieg von 2,8 auf 3,9%; p<0,05) und – bei Probanden mit initial eingeschränktem Hyperämieindex (LnRHI) – die endotheliale Funktion (LnRHI-Anstieg von 0,37 auf 0,56; p<0,02) signifikant verbessert. 11 von 12 Befindlichkeitsitems (insgesamt wurden 7 Belastungs- und 5 Erholungsitems erhoben) inklusive Schlafqualität zeigten sich nach den Badeanwendungen tendenziell verbessert.

Diskussion Ursächlich für Blutdrucksenkung und Verbesserung der endothelialen Funktion dürfte der Anstieg der parasympathischen Aktivität sein, welche im Wesentlichen auf hydrotherapeutische Effekte zurückzuführen sein dürfte.

Schlussfolgerung Die Badeanwendungen haben sich als sicher – auch bei Probanden mit gestörter Gefäßregulation – erwiesen und können somit auch bei stabilen kardiovaskulären Risikopatienten angewendet werden. Die Machbarkeitsstudie über 10 konsekutive Badeanwendungen mit einer verdünnten Sole aus fossilem Wasser ergab Hinweise auf eine günstige Beeinflussung der Regulationsfähigkeit des Kreislauf- und autonomen Nervensystems. Weiterführende Untersuchungen sind gerechtfertigt.
Sepsis-Update: Definition und Epidemiologie
Authors: Bracht Hendrik , Hafner Sebastian , Weiß Manfred
Published: January 2019

Sepsis ist eine häufige Erkrankung auf den Intensivstationen weltweit, die mit einer relevanten Morbidität und Mortalität einhergeht. Bis heute gibt es keine spezifische Therapie der Sepsis – allein die frühe Diagnosestellung und schnellstmögliche therapeutische Intervention können das Outcome der Patienten verbessern. Daher ist eine Definition des Krankheitsbildes der Sepsis mit hoher diagnostischer Sensitivität und Spezifität unabdingbar.
Diagnostik der Sepsis – Teil 1: allgemeine Diagnostik und Fokussuche-/sanierung
Authors: Richter Daniel , Heininger Alexandra , Schmidt Karsten , Schmoch Thomas , Bernhard Michael , Mayer Philipp , Weigand Markus , Brenner Thorsten
Published: January 2019

Die Sepsis ist ein medizinischer Notfall mit weiterhin hoher Sterblichkeit. Die Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) gibt für die Diagnostik und die Gabe eines adäquaten Breitspektrumantibiotikums ein Zeitfenster von max. 1 h nach Stellen der Verdachtsdiagnose „Sepsis“ vor. Aktuell wird dieses sog. 1 h-Maßnahmenbündel kritisch diskutiert. Als Kernaspekt der Fokussuche orientiert sich die Art der Bildgebung am vermuteten Fokus und dem Patientenkollektiv. Bei kritisch kranken Patienten ist die kontrastmittelverstärkte Computertomografie häufig Mittel der Wahl. Die Erregerdetektion erfolgt meist kulturbasiert. Daher sind mikrobiologische Proben aus einfach zugänglichen Kompartimenten, mindestens aber die Entnahme von 2 Blutkultursets, obligat und sollten vor der Gabe eines Antibiotikums erfolgen. Von herausragender Bedeutung sind vor allem intraoperative Abstriche aus sonst sterilen Kompartimenten. Suspekte Katheter (z. B. zentralvenöse Katheter, Dialysekatheter) oder potenziell infizierte implantierte Medizinprodukte (z. B. Schrittmacher, Defibrillatoren) sollten – wenn vertretbar – zügig entfernt und einer mikrobiologischen Aufarbeitung zugeführt werden. Generell sollten alle notwendigen Maßnahmen zur Fokussanierung/-kontrolle so schnell wie medizinisch/logistisch möglich, mindestens aber innerhalb von 6(– 12)h nach Beginn der Sepsis, erfolgt sein. Es existiert bislang kein spezifischer Biomarker für das Krankheitsbild der Sepsis. Biomarker wie das Procalcitonin (PCT) und das C-reaktive Protein (CRP) spielen im Kontext der Sepsis beim infektiologischen Management und Therapiemonitoring auf der Intensivstation eine wichtige Rolle. Vielversprechende Biomarker wie das midregionale Pro-Adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) oder das Presepsin werden außerhalb von Studien noch nicht in der klinischen Routine eingesetzt. Als Marker von Mikrozirkulationsstörungen und eines gestörten Metabolismus spielt das Laktat (bzw. die Laktat-Clearance) als prognostischer Parameter der Sepsis eine große Rolle.
Ernährung und Bewegung: Die Bedeutung der Lebensführung für Krebs
Authors: Kleeberg Ulrich
Published: January 2019

Die Lebensumstände (exogene Faktoren), Konstitution und Alter sind entscheidend für die Inzidenz und Progredienz maligner Erkrankungen. Sozio-ökonomische Faktoren beeinflussen die Lebensführung maßgeblich, Übergewicht und Trägheit fördern malignes Wachstum. Wachstumsfaktoren (WF) exokrin (Wirt) & autokrin (Tumor) promovieren Krebs, Fettgewebe und Muskulatur sind aktive endokrine Organe: Weißes Fettgewebe (WAT) ist Hauptproduzent tumor-stimulierender, inflammatorischer WF. Die Bildung dieser WF wird durch Bewegung gemindert, wodurch Krebswachstum gehemmt wird.

Körperliche Aktivität und Reduktion von Übergewicht wirken antientzündlich. Gewichtsabnahme bei Übergewicht mindert Krebsinzidenz und -progredienz. Bewegung und Ernährung beeinflussen die Prognose signifikant. Gesundheitspolitik hat die Verpflichtung zu konzertierten präventiven Initiativen. Lebensführung ist die zentrale Aufgabe tertiärer Prävention für Nachsorge, gemäß dem modernen Konzept zu Survivorship. Entscheidend sind nachhaltige Anleitungen zu täglicher Bewegung von wöchentlich mindestens 3 bis 5 Stunden, entsprechend 9 metabolisch äquivalenten Aufgaben (MET) und einer obst- und gemüsereichen sowie fett- und fleischarmen Ernährung.
Paradigmenwechsel oder ganz einfach: Die Zeiten ändern sich
Authors: Casagrande Christina
Published: January 2019

Einflüsse der Digitalisierung auf den Umgang mit Gesundheitsdaten und die Ausbreitung der Gamifizierung in der Therapie. Die DHZ-Kolumne von Christina Casagrande
Schizophrenie
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: January 2019

Schizophrenie umfasst eine heterogene Gruppe von schweren psychischen Erkrankungen, die man den Psychosen zuordnet. Sie verläuft häufig schubweise. Man unterscheidet zwischen Positiv- und Negativsymptomen.
Endoscopic balloon dilatation is an effective management strategy for caustic-induced gastric outlet obstruction: a 15-year single center experience
Authors: Kochhar Rakesh , Malik Sarthak , Reddy Yalaka , Mallick Bipadabhanjan , Dhaka Narendra , Gupta Pankaj , Sinha Saroj , Manrai Manish , Kochhar Suman , Wig Jai , Gupta Vikas
Published: January 2019

Background and study aims There is sparse data on the endoscopic management of caustic-induced gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). The present retrospective study aimed to define the response to endoscopic balloon dilatation (EBD) in such patients and their long-term outcome.

Patients and methods The data from symptomatic patients of caustic-induced GOO who underwent EBD at our tertiary care center between January 1999 and June 2014 were retrieved. EBD was performed using wire-guided balloons in an incremental manner. Procedural success and clinical success of EBD were evaluated, including complications and long-term outcome.

Results A total of 138 patients were evaluated of whom 111 underwent EBD (mean age: 30.79 ± 11.95 years; 65 male patients; 78 patients with isolated gastric stricture; 33 patients with both esophagus plus gastric stricture). The initial balloon diameter at the start of dilatation, and the last balloon diameter were 9.6 ± 2.06 mm (6 – 15 mm) and 14.5 ± 1.6 mm (6 – 15 mm), respectively. Procedural and clinical success was achieved in 95 (85.6 %) and 108 (97.3 %) patients, respectively, requiring a mean (SD) of 5.3 (2.6) and 7.21 (3.86) sessions, respectively. Patients with isolated gastric obstruction had a better response than those with combined esophagus and gastric stricture. Minor complications such as self-limited pain or bleeding were seen in 18 (16.2 %) and 16 (14.4 %), respectively. Perforation occurred in two patients. Over a follow-up period of 98 months, there were no recurrences.

Conclusion Caustic-induced GOO can be successfully managed using EBD with 97.3 % clinical success.
Parotidektomie: Komplikationen analysiert
Authors: Frese Knut Arvid
Published: January 2019

Fiacchini G et al. Frey Syndrome, First Bite Syndrome, great auricular nerve
morbidity, and quality of life following parotidectomy. Eur Arch
Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 275: 1893–1902

Eine Parotidektomie kann zu zahlreichen Komplikationen führen, die die
Lebensqualität einschränken. Zu diesen Komplikationen zählen Verletzungen
des Nervus facialis, Asymmetrie des Gesichtsprofils, Keloide,
Speicheldrüsenfistel, Frey-Syndrom (FS), First Bite Syndrom (FBS) und
Hypästhesie der Haut. Ärzte der Universität von Pisa untersuchten die
Inzidenz von Komplikationen nach Parotidektomie und deren Auswirkungen auf
die Lebensqualität.
Leitlinien: Was ist das und wie ist der Weg zur klinischen Entscheidungsfindung?
Authors: Jung B. , Blödt Susanne
Published: January 2019

Der folgende Artikel gibt einen kurzen Überblick zum Thema Leitlinien. Es werden Grundlagen besprochen, Begrifflichkeiten geklärt und der Weg zur klinischen Entscheidungsfindung näher beleuchtet.
COPD: Umgang mit Exazerbationen – Diagnostik, Therapie und Nachsorge
Authors: Leo Fabian , Menger Heike
Published: January 2019

Exacerbations are major events in the disease process in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). They have a negative effect on the quality of life and the progression of the disease. Frequent exacerbations are associated with increased mortality. In addition to the optimal therapy, the prevention of further exacerbations and the attention to concomitant diseases are prognostically crucial for the patients. In this review article, current recommendations for the diagnosis, therapy and follow-up care of COPD exacerbations are summarized.
Basis für die therapeutische Forschung am Menschen – Die Helsinki-Deklaration
Authors: Zalpour Christoff
Published: January 2019

Die Akademisierung der Physiotherapie und die damit verbundenen Forschungsvorhaben führen zu neuen berufs- und forschungsethischen Pflichten. Forschende Physiotherapeuten sollten daher unbedingt die Deklaration von Helsinki kennen, die die ethischen Grundsätze für die Forschung am Menschen regelt.
Herausforderungen annehmen – Zukunftsvisionen in der Physiotherapie
Authors: Kemper Claudia
Published: January 2019

Stillstand ist Rückschritt. Aufhören des Strebens ist geistiger Tod … so Konfuzius. Auch die Physiotherapie in Deutschland muss sich bewegen. Präventive und gesundheitsfördernde Aspekte gewinnen in der Gesundheitsversorgung an Bedeutung. Ein Feld, wie geschaffen für Physiotherapeuten. Es braucht allerdings bessere Rahmenbedingungen und ein neues Selbstbild der Physiotherapie.
Junge Pflegebedürftige alters entsprechend betreuen – Pflege junger Menschen
Authors: Kroggel Lena
Published: January 2019

In ihrer Bachelorarbeit beschäftigten sich die Ergotherapeutinnen Sarah Silze und Anna Elisabeth Pape mit dem Thema „Junge Pflege“. Dabei untersuchten sie, wie die Strukturen und Prozesse innerhalb von Pflegeeinrichtungen adaptiert werden müssten, um den Bedürfnissen junger Pflegebedürftiger gerecht zu werden.
Häufigkeit der Revisionsoperationen aufgrund einer (Re-)Ablatio retinae nach operativer Entfernung der Silikonölendotamponade: Untersuchung des zeitlichen Verlaufes
Authors: Stang Marius Manfred , Bartz-Schmidt Karl Ulrich
Published: January 2019

In einer retrospektiven Analyse klinischer Daten wurden die Häufigkeit und der zeitliche Verlauf von Revisionsoperationen aufgrund einer (Re-)Ablatio retinae bei Patienten untersucht, bei denen 2005, 2010 und 2015 in unserer Klinik mittels Vitrektomie das in den Glaskörperraum eingebrachte Silikonöl erstmals wieder komplett entfernt wurde. Insgesamt wurden die klinischen Daten von 512 Patienten (1,7 : 1 – Männer : Frauen) über einen Nachbeobachtungszeitraum von 1 Jahr bis 11 Jahren ausgewertet. Geschlechtsspezifisch fanden sich mit 15,4 : 14,4% – Männer : Frauen keine auffälligen Unterschiede in der Häufigkeit für das Auftreten einer (Wieder-)Ablösung der Netzhaut. Während das Alter der eingeschlossenen Patienten beider Geschlechter ähnlich war (Frauen: 61,9 Jahre; Männer: 58,1 Jahre), lag das Alter der Frauen, die revidiert werden mussten, deutlich über demjenigen der Männer (67,1 vs. 52,9 Jahre). Insgesamt wurden 77/512 Patienten (15%) wegen einer (erneuten) Netzhautablösung nach vollständiger Silikonölentfernung revidiert. In den ersten 90 postoperativen Tagen betraf dies 58 (75%) der 77 Patienten, im 1. postoperativen Jahr 69 (89%) der 77 Patienten. Die exemplarische Berechnung der Kaplan-Meier-Analyse für das Jahr 2010 bestätigte die Häufigkeit von 75% an Revisionsoperationen in den ersten 90 Tagen nach der Silikonölentfernung. Patienten im Vorfeld einer geplanten Silikonölendotamponade sollten hinsichtlich der Risikoverlagerung einer Netzhautablösung auf den Zeitraum nach der Silikonölentfernung aufgeklärt und auch hinsichtlich des zeitlichen Risikoprofils und der notwendigen engeren Kontrollintervalle innerhalb der ersten 90 Tage nach der Silikonölentfernung beraten werden.
Endoscopic biliary self-expandable metallic stent in malignant biliary obstruction with or without sphincterotomy: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mangiavillano Benedetto , Montale Amedeo , Frazzoni Leonardo , Bianchetti Mario , Sethi Amrita , Repici Alessandro , Fuccio Lorenzo
Published: January 2019

Background and aim To assess the rate of adverse events and the technical success rate of biliary stenting with or without EBS. 

Methods A literature search up to February 2017 was performed. Studies assessing adverse events (AEs) and technical success rates of stenting with or without EBS were considered.

Results Seven studies (870 patients; 12 treatment arms) were included. Early AEs, i. e. those occurring within 30 days, were significantly lower in no-EBS vs. EBS-group (11 % vs. 20.1 %; OR: 0.36, 95 %CI: 0.13 – 1.00). Rates of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis were not significantly different in the two groups (no-EBS vs. EBS: 6.1 % vs 5 %; OR: 1.33, 95 %CI: 0.68 – 2.59). The rate of bleeding was significantly lower in patients without EBS (no-EBS vs EBS: 0 % vs 5 %; OR: 0.12, 95 % CI: 0.03 – 0.45). Rates of cholangitis were significantly lower in patients without EBS (no-EBS vs. EBS: 3.3 % vs. 7.4 %; OR: 0.38, 95 %CI: 0.17 – 0.83). Both late AEs and mortality rates did not significantly differ between no-EBS and EBS patients (19.9 % vs. 18.9 %; OR: 0.93, 95 %CI: 0.56 – 1.53, and 2.5 % vs. 2.9 %; OR: 1.18, 95 %CI: 0.22 – 6.29, respectively). The technical success rate for stent insertion also did not differ (98 % vs. 97.6 %; OR: 1.05, 95 %CI: 0.42 – 2.63).

Conclusion EBS seems to be associated, in the first 30 days after the procedure, with an increased risk of cholangitis and bleeding. No difference was observed in the rate of post-ERCP pancreatitis.
Angst als Barriere – ein Fallbeispiel
Authors: Schesser Ralf
Published: January 2019

Auf den ersten Blick erscheint der Fall klar und einfach zu therapieren. Erst im
Verlauf wird deutlich, dass die Angst des Patienten vor einer Zunahme der
Schmerzen und einer erneuten Verletzung dem Genesungsprozess im Weg steht. Ralf
Schesser reflektiert einen Therapieverlauf, der von Überzeugungen und Ängsten
des Patienten geprägt ist.
Macroscopic onsite evaluation using endoscopic ultrasound fine needle biopsy as an alternative to rapid onsite evaluation
Authors: Leung Ki En-Ling , Lemaistre Anne-Isabelle , Fumex Fabien , Gincul Rodica , Lefort Christine , Lepilliez Vincent , Pujol Bertrand , Napoléon Bertrand
Published: January 2019

Background and aims This study aimed to evaluate the performance of Macroscopic On-site Evaluation (MOSE) using a novel endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) fine needle biopsy (FNB) needle (22-G Franseen-tip needle, Acquire, Boston Scientific Incorporated, Boston, Massachusetts, United States), and without using Rapid On-Site Evaluation (ROSE).

Method Between May 2016 and August 2016, all consecutive patients referred to our center for EUS tissue acquisition (TA) for solid lesions underwent EUS-FNB with the 22-G Franseen-tip needle unless contra-indicated. The operator performed MOSE. If no macroscopic core was visualized, a second pass was performed. The final diagnosis was defined as unequivocal histology from EUS-TA with compatible 18 months follow-up, surgical resection, or both. We retrospectively analyzed the performance of MOSE.

Results A total of 46 consecutive patients was included, and 54 solid lesions were biopsied. The endosonographer visualized core tissue in 93 % (50/54) of targets with a single pass, of which the pathologist confirmed histologic core fragments in 94 % (47/50). Four lesions required two passes, and the overall correlation between MOSE and histologic core fragments was 94 % (48/51). Diagnostic adequacy was 98 % (53/54) with one biliary target biopsied without significant material. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 94 %. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for malignancy were 92 %, 100 %, 100 %, and 81 %, respectively. No adverse events were reported.

Conclusion Our study demonstrated that MOSE using the 22-G Franseen-tip needle could limit needle passes by accurately estimating histologic core fragments. It also demonstrated that high diagnostic adequacy and accuracy of > 90 % could be achieved without ROSE.