bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic characteristics of Belgian Blue x Brahman Cross and Wagyu x Brahman Cross crossbred population
Authors: Adi L L N , Agus A , Panjono  , Widyobroto B P , Budisatria I G S , Ismaya  , Bintara S , Hartatik T
Published: December 2019

The aim of the study was to identify the phenotypic characteristics of Belgian Blue x Brahman Cross and Wagyu x Brahman Cross at PT. WMP,Central Java. The materials used were 9 F1-B, 13 F1-W, 6 F2-B and 7 F2-W. The data collected include the colour, ADG, BW, BL, WH, and HG at 90-days old. The results showed dominant blackin F1-B, brown in male F2-B and dark brown at the female. The F1-W was black-brown, and F2-W colour was light brown, brown, and dark brown. The ADG F1-B was 0.70±0.15 kg, F2-W was 0.58± 0.06 kg, F2-B was 0.64 ± 0.17 kg, and F2-W was 0.60 ± 0.25 kg. The BW (kg), BL (cm), WH (cm) and HG (cm) at F1-B was 95.10±12.07; 77.98±3.80; 85.32±2.85; and 101.93±4.51, F1-W was 86.21±9.60;77.64±5.92; 88.25±2.43; and 101.97±3.09, F2-B was 88.22±4.50 kg, 87.29±13.45, 94.18±6.90, and 104.13±2.29, then F2-W was 90.91±27.70, 80.77±15.41, 86.36±7.80, and 99.92±11.88 cm, respectifly. There were significant effect of crossing on ADG, BL andHG at F1 and F2 (P>0.05). The conclusion BB Cross cattle have a dominant trait in body posture, especially in the first offspring, while Wagyu Cross cattle tend to be more assertive in the coat colour.
Comparative study of herbal and non-herbal egg protein profiles using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
Authors: Ardiarini N , Harimurti S , Wihandoyo  , Waluyo K
Published: December 2019

Chicken egg yolk and albumen contain some bioactive proteins. The present study was conducted to compare the protein profile of yolk and albumen of herbal and non-herbal chicken egg. The herbals that supplemented into chicken feed consisted of turmeric, sambiloto leaves, soursop leaves, ginger and lemongrass. The protein profiles were measured in term of the numbers of bioactive peptide fraction and their molecular weight by SDS PAGE using descriptive qualitative analysis. The antioxidant binding protein were also evaluated. The result show that SDS-PAGE can separate the egg yolk protein fraction and albumen protein with molecular weight between 14-97 kDa. Egg yolk protein fraction of herbal eggs separated better than non-herbal eggs, whereas giving herbal to laying hens does not affect the number of fractions in albumen protein. Antioxidants from herbals were indicated binding the apoprotein and apolipoprotein of egg yolk, also avidin and ovalbumin of albumen. It can be concluded that herbals supplementation affects the bioactive protein fraction in chicken eggs.
Effect of tannin supplementation from Uncaria gambir extract on rumen fermentation, microbial protein and in vitro gas production
Authors: Alfaafa J , Suryahadi  , Sofyan A , Sukria H A , Istiqomah L
Published: December 2019

Gambir (Uncaria gambir) is a tropical plant which contains tannin as a main phenolic compounds. This research was aimed to quantify the ability of tannin to bind protein and evaluate the addition of tannin from gambir extract on rumen fermentation, microbial protein and in vitro gas production. The treatments consisted of RC0 (0%), RC2 (2%), RC4 (4%) and RC6 (6%) of gambir extract level in mix rations with 70:30 ratio (concentrate:forage). Parameters measured were protein precipitation, VFA production, NH3 concentration, microbial protein and kinetics of gas production. The result showed that tannin from gambir extract had a significant ability (P<0.05) to precipitate protein Bovine Serum Albumin. Supplementation of tannin from gambir extract significantly increased (P<0.05) NH3 concentration and microbial protein. There was no significant effect on VFA total production (P>0.05). Gas production in RC0, RC2, RC4 and RC6 was decreased (P<0.05) after 48 hours incubation by 49.28 ml, 48.41 ml, 47.40 ml and 47.07 ml, respectively. It was concluded that the addition of tannin from gambir extract with level 6% in rations can be used to increased in vitro rumen fermentation.
Performance of Aceh cattle fed by concentrate with different levels
Authors: Budisatria I G S , Ibrahim A , Baliarti E , Widi T S M , Vierman  , Koesmara H , Atmoko B A
Published: December 2019

Aceh cattle are traditionally maintained in smallholder farmers that only rely on forage as a single feed. Concentrate supplementation is then needed to fulfill the nutrients requirement. This study was aimed to measure the performance of Aceh Cattle fed by forage and concentrate as supplementation in different levels. The study was conducted in Livestock Breeding Center for Excellent and Forage Animal Feed (BPTU-HPT) Indrapuri Aceh using 20 male Aceh Cattle aged 1.5-2.5 years. The cattle were intensively kept for 90 days and grouped based on feeding proportion of forage and concentrate with different levels, i.e., T1=100:0 as a control, T2=70:30, T3=50:50, and T4=30:70 on dry matter-based. The cattle were weighed every month and feed intake was measured. Data were analyzed by one way of ANOVA, followed by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test. The results showed that feed intake, feed efficiency, body weight gain and average daily gain of T1 was the lowest (P <0.05). The average daily gain of T3 and T4 did not significantly differ. There was a significant difference between T1 and T2. Concentrate supplementation improved the feed intake and growth performances of Aceh Cattle. The best level of concentrate supplementation on forage feed was 50:50.
Characteristics of business and income in broiler partnership system in Yogyakarta Indonesia
Authors: Kusumastuti T A , Widiati R , Andarwati S
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to identify the characteristics of the business, measure the income, and analyze the factors that influence the farmers’ income. The research was conducted in Sleman and Bantul Regencies, Special Region of Yogyakarta. Census sampling was performed with 150 farmers. The analysis was carried out in quantitative descriptive and continued with Multiple Regression Analysis. The results of business characteristic showed that the average scale of business ranged from 3604 to 6340 birds, 35 days maintenance time, business experience was 7-10 years, 97% of farmers used the open house system, livestock mortality rate was 4-7%, average selling weight 1.91-1.96 kg/bird, and feed converson 1.43-2.40. The farmer’s income in Sleman was greater than Bantul because the scale of business, selling weight was higher and the mortality rate was smaller than Bantul. Multiple regression analysis showed the determination coefficient (R2) of 44.55%. The scale of business as well as the capital and sanitation have a significant and negative effect on income (P <0.01). As a whole, to increase farmers’ income, there needs to be an effort to assist businesses from the core, agencies and educational institutions to improve livestock management.
Blood profiles of thin-tailed lambs fed different levels and sources of protein
Authors: Fathia C D , Arifin M , Mawati S , Restitrisnani V
Published: December 2019

This study assessed protein utilization in Thin-Tailed lambs. A total of 20 lambs (13.03 ± 2.30 kg) were allotted using 2×2 factorial arrangement. The first factor was protein levels of the ration (13 and 15%); whereas second factor was source of the protein ration (fishmeal and soybean meal). All lambs were kept in individual compartments. Increasing blood glucose occurs up to 8 hours after feeding and the peak of urea nitrogen levels were found on 4 hours after feeding. An interaction occurred (P<0.05) between protein level and source on blood glucose levels at 6 hours and nitrogen urea at 2 hours after feeding. Protein levels affected (P<0.05) glucose blood at 4 hours and affected nitrogen level at 2 and 4 hours. Lambs fed 13% has lower blood glucose and urea nitrogen than 15%. Protein sources affected (P<0.05) blood glucose at 4 and 8 hours and nitrogen at 0, 2, 4 and 8 hours. Lambs fed soybean meal has lower blood glucose and higher urea nitrogen than fishmeal. It was concluded that 13% protein levels with fishmeal was more efficient in the digestive system as indicated by blood glucose and urea nirogen.
The quality of skim milk curd produced using biduri (Calotropis gigantea) latex as rennet replacement
Authors: Margoutomo T L , Hertanto B S , Swastike W , Cahyadi M , Kartikasari L R , Nuhriawangsa A M P
Published: December 2019

Physical and chemical quality of milk curd produced using various biduri latex as rennet placement were investigated in skim milk-clotting. The materials used in this study were rennet, commercial skim milk and biduri latex powder. Four types of formula namely P0: rennet 0.02% + CaCO3 0.01%; P1: biduri latex powder 0.015% + CaCO3 0.01%, P2: biduri latex powder 0.020% + CaCO3 0.01% and P3: biduri latex powder 0.025% + CaCO3 0.01% were applied to produce milk curd. As quality parameter, weight and yield (based on dry matter content in %) curd, dry matter (DM), water, protein (Kjeldahl method), and fat content were evaluated. Result showed that fat content, weight and yield of curd were higher in milk curd produced with biduri latex compared to control, however protein content was lower. As the conclusion, the use of biduri latex up to 0.025% able to replace rennet for milk curd production which shows better in physical quality.
The effect of dietary protein and energy supplementation on in vitro - rumen characteristics and digestibility of Bali bulls
Authors: Tavares L , Noviandi C T , Baliarti E , Widi T S M
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study was to measure the effect of dietary protein and energy supplementation on rumen characteristics and digestibility of Bali bulls, by in vitro. Leucaena leucocephala (LL) and Corypha elata Robx (CeR) as protein and energy sources, respectively, and Native Grasses (NG) collected from Natural Pasture (NP) in Timor-Leste, were used as dietary treatments. A 3 x 3 factorial design was used in this study, namely, protein and energy sources (LL, CeR and LL-CeR) and 3 levels of supplementation (10, 15 and 20%). Rumen characteristics (pH, NH3, microbial protein (MP), and volatile fatty acids (VFA) production and composition) and dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility were measured. We found that dietary supplementation had a significant (P<0.05) effect on rumen characteristics in terms NH3 concentration, total VFA, acetic acid, propionic acid) but did not affect the pH, butyric acid and microbial protein (P>0.05). The digestibility of DM and OM were also significantly increased (P<0.05). It is concluded that dietary supplementation improves rumen characteristics and digestibility of Bali bulls. Leucaena Leococephala and CeR are recommended as protein and energy supplementation, respectively, on NG diet in NP in Timor-Leste to optimize productivity of Bali cattle.
The effect of different feed forms on the performance and carcass yield of broiler chickens
Authors: Habibi M F , Harimurti S , Wihandoyo  , Sasongko H , Ariyadi B , Sudaryati S , Sekarlangit K , Putri Y S
Published: December 2019

The aim of the research was to prove that the different feed forms affects the performance and carcass production. In total 240 New Lohmann MB 202 day-old chickens were randomly divided into five groups of treatment for 35 days of rearing period. There were 6 replications with 8 birds per pen. The chickens were fed starter feed at 1-21 days and finisher feed at 22-35 days with different feed forms: mash-mash (MM), mash-crumble (MC), mash-pellet (MP), crumble-crumble (CC), and crumble-pellet (CP). The data were obtained and statistically analyzed by ANOVA, then followed by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test. Feed form did not give any effect to feed consumption and weight gain but it affected feed conversion (P>0.05). MP kept the highest rate of feed conversion by the end of rearing period. Carcass yield showed that various feed form on days 0-21 did not affect carcass percentage of broiler chickens. The birds which ate pelleted feed on days 22-35 have higher (P>0.05) carcass weight than those consumed mashed and crumbled feeds. It is concluded that chicken fed with mash-pellet feed had the best feed conversion. Besides, the birds which ate pelleted feed on days 22-35 had highest carcass weight.
The performance of biogas combustion after carbon dioxide absorption using sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
Authors: Pertiwiningrum A , La’aliya I , Yusiati L M , Harto A W
Published: December 2019

The improvement of biogas calorific value is required before distributed to users. The improvement of the calorific value can be done by carbon dioxide removal. This study was aimed to investigate the efficiency of biogas combustion after carbon dioxide removal by the absorption using sodium hydroxide (NaOH). In this study, we used 4 types of sodium hydroxide based on its concentration: 5, 15, 25 and 35% i.e N1, N2, N3, and N4 respectively. The absorption using N1, N2, N3, and N4 decreased carbon dioxide content with the increasing concentration of NaOH. The decrease in carbon dioxide content also led to the increase in biogas combustion that represented by calorific value. of biogas. The calorific value after the absorption using N1, N2, N3, and N4 were 10711.73 + 33.98; 1999.53 + 9.93; 1253.43 + 28.43; and 1328.13 + 8.98 kJ respectively. The results also showed that the absorption can increase the water heating value boiled with biogas. The water heating value after absorption using N1, N2, N3, N4 were 187.91 + 10; 225.42 + 1.77; 227.91 + 8.47; and 243.82 + 1.92 respectively. The best performance in combustion is biogas after carbon dioxide absorption using 35% NaOH.
The effect of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) supplementation on hybrid duck performance
Authors: Rini E A , Suwignyo B , Suryanto E , Erwanto Y , Sasongko H
Published: December 2019

This research was aimed to determine the effect of alfalfa supplementation in the diets on hybrid duck performance. Ninety male hybrid ducks were distributed into 3 treatments and 5 replications. Each replicate consists of 6 ducks. Three types of diet were used in the study namely T0 = Basal diet 0% alfalfa supplementation, T1 = Basal diet + 3% alfalfa supplementation and T2 = Basal diet + 6% alfalfa supplementation. The alfalfa supplementation was calculated based on dry matter and given to duck in fresh condition. Water was given ad libitum. Parameters observed were feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, followed with Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test. Results showed that 3% alfalfa supplementation significantly affected (P<0.05) to feed intake and body weight gain in weeks 2 and 3 but not 6% supplementation. The conclusion from this study is that 3% alfalfa supplementation able to increase feed intake and body weight gain of hybrid ducks.
Effect of cinnamon bark meal (Cinnamomum burmanni Ness ex Bl) addition as cinnamaldehyde source on in vitro nutrient digestibility
Authors: Hadianto I , Yusiati L M , Bachruddin Z , Suhartanto B , Hanim C
Published: December 2019

Protection of high-quality protein from rumen microbe degradation by cinnamaldehyde might improve feed protein utilization for ruminants. The study investigated the effect of cinnamon bark meal as a source of cinnamaldehyde on in vitro nutrient digestibility. This research consisted of the diet without (control) and with cinnamon bark meal at 1.16, 2.3, 3.5, and 4.6% of feed dry matter (DM) equivalent to 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg cinnamaldehyde per kg DM. Feed consisted of 60% elephant grass, 30% wheat bran and 10% soybean meal. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with three replications. Data obtained were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) continued by DMRT. The results showed that the addition of cinnamon bark meal up to 4.6% did not affect dry matter, organic matter and crude fiber digestibility, but decreased (P<0,05) rumen crude protein digestibility (48 h) and increased total crude protein digestibility (96 h). It was concluded that the cinnamon bark meal addition up to 4.6% of DM feed or equal to cinnamaldehyde with 800 mg per kg DM feed could increase crude protein digestibility (96 h) without any adverse effects on in vitro nutrient digestibility.
Effect of sorghum varieties and molasses addition on prussic acid content and of silage quality
Authors: Handriati L N , Suhartanto B , Widodo S , Dewi M P , Umami N
Published: December 2019

The study was conducted to determine the effect of sorghum varieties and molasses addition in silage making on the physical quality, pH, dry matter, organic matter (OM), Fleigh score, and prussic acid content. The study was designed using Completely Randomized Design in the factorial pattern. The first factor was sorghum varieties (super and BMR), and the second factor was the level of molasses (0% and 4% molasses). The pH of silage with molasses (4.45±0.28) was significantly lower (P<0,05) than silage without molasses addition (4.65±0.26). The DM content (16,13±1,83) and Fleigh score (49,91±12,43) were significantly higher (P<0,05) on silage with molasses addition. It can be concluded that BMR sorghum silage resulted in better physical and chemical quality than super sorghum silage. The addition molasses on sorghum silage decrease the pH but increases OM content and Fleigh score. Ensilage process decreases the prussic acid content of sorghum forage. The combination of sorghum varieties and molasses addition was significantly different.
The effect of concentrate supplementation during pregnancy on calving performance in oil palm-cattle integrated system
Authors: Endrawati E , Panjono  , Suhartanto B , Baliarti E
Published: December 2019

To reduce production costs, cows should be maintained extensively in the pasture all or half day. Concentrate addition is needed especially for the last period of pregnancy. The study evaluated the performance of cows maintained semi-intensively with concentrate addition. Fifteen Bali cows ca. 3 years old in 6-7 months of pregnancy were divided into two groups. P1 was given forage grown under oil palm trees with addition 1 kg concentrate/head/day, P2 were given 3 kg/head/day. During the research, cows were grazing in the pasture from 6:00 to 17:00, then put in a cage at night with additional 1 or 3 kg concentrate. P2 group resulted 17.48% and 15.8% higher DMD and OMD, respectively, compared with P1 (P<0,05). DM and OM consumption increased 52.23% and 50.87%. Addition of 1 kg or 3 kg did not show differences in cow performances, including cow body condition score, birth weight, calf score, except for birth weight. It was concluded that the addition of 1 or 3 kg of concentrate at the end of pregnancy did not give any effect; from the economic point of view, it is recommended to add only 1 kg concentrate during the last period of pregnancy.
In Vitro antibacterial activity of Mindi (Melia azedarach Linn.) leaf extract with nanoencapsulation technology
Authors: Masjid N A S , Martien R , Zuprizal  , Dono N D
Published: December 2019

Purpose of this study was to examine the effect of nanoencapsulation technology in protecting the bioactive components of mindi (Melia azedarach Linn.) leaf extract. The first step was formulation of the ratio of mindi leaf extract:chitosan:sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) for nanoencapsulation by ionic cross-linking. The results showed that the optimum formulation ratio of mindi leaf extracts:chitosan:STPP was 1:7:1/175. Nano-capsulation characteristics of the fitobiotic was measured (particle size (PSA), zeta potential value, morphology of nanoencapsulation (TEM), and bacterial growth inhibition). The second step was measuring the bacterial growth inhibition using the well diffusion technique with six treatments and three replications. The treatments were: aquadest (T1), aquadest with 100 ppm antibiotic Tetracycline addition (T2), aquadest with 0,2% chitosan (T3), aquadest with 0,04% STPP (T4), aquadest with 2% mindi leaf extract (T5); and aquadest with nanoencapsulated mindi leaf extract (T6). The results showed that particle size of nanoencapsulation mindi leaf extract was 535.2±12.83 nm with Polydispersity Index (PI) 0.436±0,21 and zeta potential value 59.73±0.35 mV. The formulation of mindi leaf extract was found to possess inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Salmonella typhimurium. The research concluded that formulation of mindi leaf extract was clear, stabile and had antibacterial activity.
Utilization of lutur in the traditional grazing system of buffalo production in Moa Island – Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: Tatipikalawan J M , Nurtini S , Sulastri E , Widi T S M
Published: December 2019

Buffalo and crop production systems in Moa Island are closely related to the availability of “lutur” fences, which area inside becomes an enclosure for food crops, buffalo shed and limiting grazing areas. The aim of this study was to observe the use of lutur and traditional grazing systems of buffalo production system in Moa Island. The study conducted in Moa Island, Indonesia, located in Southwest Maluku, on eastern side of Indonesia. A total 261 farmers were involved in this study. Focus group discussion, semi structured interview and direct observation performed. Data were analysed descriptively, for correlation and by one-way ANOVA. The results showed that Lutur ownership for crop were 3-5 units/family with a total area of 0.83±0.48 ha and used alternately between crops and buffalo shed. The family size were strongly related (P<0.05) with area of food crops. Lutur as buffalo shelters was used communally in an area of 0.7-1 ha, which placed by 250-600 buffalos. Communal groups were based on “soa” or “fam” (family relations), to avoiding conflicts among groups. As a conclusion, besides making buffalo management easier, lutur and communal grazing have been maintaining tradition in Moa Island for generations.
Seasonal effect on productivity of Bali cows in oil palm plantation in Riau Province, Indonesia
Authors: Maulana H , Panjono  , Baliarti E , Widayati D T , Budisatria I G S
Published: December 2019

This study was aimed to assess the effect of seasons on the productivity of Bali cows kept in oil palm plantation (OPP). The study used 20 Bali cows and 1 bull, which kept semi-intensively without supplementary feeding. Cow’s reproductive data, grouped according to birth time, dry season (DS) (May-October) and the rainy season (RS) (November-April) from August 2016 to September 2018, were used. These data were used to determine calving interval and calf mortality. Cows were weighed monthly to estimate dry matter consumption, which was calculated using the Minson equations. Calves were weighed at birth and weaning. Cow’s reproductive index (CRI) and cow’s productivity index (CPI) were calculated based on reproductive data and weaning weight. Data were analysed using One way ANOVA. The result showed that during the DS, the consumption was better (1.96%BW) compared to the RS (1.83%BW) (P<0.01). Calf mortality was higher in the RS (19.05%) than the in DS (17.65%), due to high rainfall and humidity. During the two seasons, calving interval, birth and weaning weights, CRI and CPI of Bali cattle in OPP were relatively similar. It is concluded that the seasons did not influence productivity of Bali cows kept in OPP.
Understanding the farming systems and cattle production in Tanah Laut, South Kalimantan
Authors: Rohaeni E S , Sumantri I , Yanti N D , Hadi S N , Hamdan A , Chang C
Published: December 2019

The Government of Indonesia has been promoting crop and cattle integration in several provinces to increase local cattle supply and reduce the reliance on imports. Tanah Laut district in South Kalimantan was one of those sites selected. Despite being the major cattle producer, more than 50% of beef demand in Tanah Laut district is met by imported frozen beef, and live cattle imports from interisland. This paper examined how the farming systems in Tanah Laut, including cattle production, have been shaped by technical, agro-climatic, socioeconomic and institutional factors. The main method used is informant interviews with farmer group leaders. Key results are: cattle is the main source of income; the cattle distribution program provided the initial breeding stock, but inadequate technical and extension support and inconsistent development programs have resulted in slow cattle population growth; Javanese and Balinese migrants were more inclined to adopt new technology; and women are involved in various farming activities, but their contribution is not acknowledged. The implication is that better understanding of farming systems and underlying socioeconomic and institutional factors is necessary for better development policies to increase local beef supply, as well as facilitating adoption and scaling out of improved technology.
Identification of single nucleotide polimorphisms and restriction enzym on prolactin gene in Alabio and Mojosari duck
Authors: Damayanti I , Maharani D , Sudaryati S
Published: December 2019

Prolactin plays important roles in avian reproduction as it induces broody behavior and regulates follicular development. The objectives of this study were to detect Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) of prolactin gene in Alabio and Mojosari ducks and determine the restriction enzymes for genotyping. Genomic DNA was isolated from 50 blood samples per each Alabio and Mojosari ducks. PCR amplification and sequencing were carried out to identify the SNP. In this study, SNP T-6068C was found based on three GenBank sequences alignment. Two SNPs (C-5796A and T-5817C) in intron 4 region were detected based on sequences of Alabio and Mojosari PCR products. Enzymes Fok1, BtsCI, BsrI were detected to recognize the SNP C-5796A. SNP T-6068C can be digested by enzym TspDTI. However no enzym was detected to recognize SNP T-5817C. In conclusion the SNPs detected from this study may be used in future studies to investigate the association of prolactin gene and egg production traits in Alabio and Mojosari ducks.
Effect of feeding different forage and concentrate levels on carcass characteristics and meat quality of Aceh cattle
Authors: Koesmara H , Budisatria I G S , Baliarti E , Widi T S M , Ibrahim A , Atmoko B A , Vierman
Published: December 2019

Aceh cattle is one of the local cattle in Indonesia, traditionally maintained by smallholder farmers in Aceh. Improvement of feed quality become an important key to increase the productivity of Aceh cattle. This study was aimed to measure carcass characteristics and meat quality of Aceh cattle, fed by forage and concentrate at different levels. Twelve of male Aceh cattle were grouped into 4 treatments, based on different proportion of forage and concentrates (T1=70:30, T2=50:50, and T3=30:70). After 90 days, the cattle were slaughtered to obtain carcass and non-carcass weights. The meat was analyzed for physical and chemical characteristics. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and followed by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test for significant differences. The results showed that T1 had a lower slaughter and carcass weights than other. T2 had the highest carcass percentage compared to other (P<0.05). There were no significant differences on percentage of edible non-carcass and meat quality (pH cooking losses, moisture, fat content, and protein content of meat). However, there were significant differences (P<0.05) on tenderness and water-holding capacity and collagen content. It is concluded that proportion of 50:50 for forage and concentrate might be the best level for Aceh cattle.
Genetic parameters of egg production trait in Alabio and Mojosari ducks under selection
Authors: Damayanti I , Maharani D , Sudaryati S
Published: December 2019

Genetic parameters for egg production traits in Alabio and Mojosari ducks were estimated. Egg production data were collected from 530 Alabio and 461 Mojosari ducks. The ducks were 6th generation of selection program for egg production trait at the BPTU-HPT Pelaihari. Heritability values were estimated using paternal half-sib correlation method in a one-way analysis of variance. The result showed that heritability estimates for body weight at 16 weeks of age were high, in Alabio ducks (0.63±0.242) and in Mojosari duck (0.88±0.269). Heritability for body weight at first egg was 0.55±0.23 in Alabio duck and 0.44±0.222 in Mojosari duck. The heritability estimates for number of eggs from months 1-3 (EN3) and 1-6 (EN6), ranging from 0.30 to 0.46. The heritability for number of eggs from months 1-12 (EN12) was high in Alabio duck (0.62) and moderate in Mojosari duck (0.46). The EN12 had high genetic correlation with EN3 and EN6 (ranging from 0.80 to 0.99). EN12 had a negative genetic correlation with body weight and age at first egg (between -0.81 and -0.21). This finding indicates that EN3 could be used as a selection criteria to increase EN12 in Alabio and Mojosari ducks.
The effect of BAV addition as feed additive in laying hen ration on quality and chemical composition of egg
Authors: Anas M A , Agus A , Hanim C , Babikian H J , Jiaravanon B
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to investigate the effect of BAV (blend of 9-natural EO mixed with iodized salt) as feed additive in the ration of laying hens, on the quality and chemical compositions of egg. Thirty laying hens (Lohmann Brown, aged 50 weeks) were divided into two groups (control and 2 g/kg BAV) and given for 6 six weeks. Data on hen daily average (HDA), feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), egg quality (weight, length, width, albumen high and width, yolk high and width, yolk colour, shell thickness, shell weight and Haugh unit) and egg’s chemical composition (yolk cholesterol, yolk protein, albumen protein, xanthophyll) were analyzed. The results showed that BAV significantly increased HDA (P<0.05), and had no effect on feed intake and FCR. The addition of BAV increased yolk wide (P<0.05) and tend to improved egg mass and albumen width, but no difference on egg quality observed. The BAV significantly (P<0.05) decrease cholesterol content of yolk, but no effect to xanthophyll level and both of protein content of yolk and albumen. It is concluded that the addition of BAV as feed additive in the ration of laying hens has potential to improve the quality and chemical compositions of egg.
Time allocation of family Labor in beef cattle farming based on gender
Authors: Nurtini S , Haryadi F T , Werdhani F K
Published: December 2019

This research aimed to calculate time allocation of family labor on cattle farming based on gender, and to analyze some factors influencing the time allocation for beef cattle farming. The research was conducted in Jepara, Indonesia. The research respondents were 71 beef cattle farmers selected by purposive sampling. Data were analyzed descriptively and multiple linear regression analysis. The contribution of women to the allocation of work time was 25.11% and 74.89% for men.The ratio of the time allocation of the female family workforce to that of male family workforce on beef farming was influenced by all independent variables simultaneously with R2 of 0.407. Partially independent variables having positive effect significantly on the dependent variable were the proportion of women productive age and the proportion of men who work outside farming (P≤0.01). The independent variables having negative effect significantly on the dependent variable were the proportion of education for women who have completed 12-year basic education; the proportion of women who work outside farming (P≤0.01), and the number of children under five years old (P≤0.10). It can be concluded that the small-scale beef cattle farming in the rural, the male family workforce was more dominant than the female family workforce.
The effect of protected soybean groats and lemuru fish oil supplementation in ration on performance of Ongole crossbred cows
Authors: Riyanto J , Pramono A , Aditya D V , Baliarti E , Yusiati L M , Widayati D T , Hartatik T , Aryogi  , Pamungkas D
Published: December 2019

This study aims to determine the effect of protected soybean groats and lemuru fish oil as feed supplement on the performance of Ongole crossbred cows at postpartum periods. The treatments were P1 = 90% basal feed + 10% unprotected soybean groats and lemuru fish oil mixture; P2 = 90% basal feed + 5% unprotected soybean groats and lemuru fish oil mixture + 5% protected soybean groats and lemuru fish oil mixture; P3 = 90% basal feed + 10% protected soybean groats and lemuru fish oil mixture. Birth weight of calves at P1, P2, and P3 treatments were 26.00, 31.60, and 28.40 kg, respectively. The results of the variance analysis showed that the use of soybean groats protected lemuru fish oil in rations significantly affected the daily weight gain of calves but did not affect the daily weight gain of cows as well as feed conversion and efficiency. The conclusion of this study was that the use of 5% protected soybean groats and lemuru fish oil mixture combined with 5% unprotected soybean groats protection and lemuru fish oil mixture in ration of Ongole crossbred cow able to increased birth weight and average daily gain of calves.
Effects of different doses of NPK fertilization on growth and productivity of Cichorium intybus
Authors: Umami N , Abdiyansah A , Agus A
Published: December 2019

This research was aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of NPK fertilization on growth and productivity of Cichorium intybus. The study was carried out in the farm facility of Faculty of Animal Science Universitas Gadjah Mada. There were three treatments: 0 kg/ha (P0), 45 kg/ha (P1), and 60 kg/ha (P2) (3 replications for each). Seeds were planted in a plot of 1 x 1.5 m. Fertilization was performed once prior to cultivation period (day-15). The height and length of plants were recorded once a week for 30 d. Defoliation was conducted when the plant’s height reached 5 cm (day-30). Data observed including plant’s height and length, number of leaves, fresh production, dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) production. Data were evaluated by using one-way ANOVA and followed by Duncan’s New Multiple Range test for significant difference. The results showed that P2 significantly increased (P<0.05) the fresh, DM, and OM of Cichorium intybus, resulting 260.8 tons/ha/year of fresh production, 35.53 tons/ha/year of dry matter, and 28.12 tons/ha/year of organic matter. To conclude this study, the increasing dose of NPK fertilized is able to increase the fresh, DM, and OM production of Cichorium intybus.
Nutrient intake and performance of male New Zealand White rabbits fed different level of Leucaena leaf meal in pelleted complete diets
Authors: Al-Amin N , Astuti A , Widi T S M
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to determine nutrient intake and performance of male New Zealand White rabbits fed complete feed pellets containing different level of Leucaena leaf meal (LLM). A total of 20 rabbits was randomly divided into four groups and fed diets containing 0% (P0), 5% (P1), 10% (P2), and 15% LLM (P3), for a duration of 10 weeks. The crude proteins (CP) of the diets were 17.7-18.1% and energy of the diets were 2,277.1-2,541.7 kcal/kg. Data were collected on a weekly basis and analyzed by analysis of variance. The results showed that nutrient intake, average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of male New Zealand White rabbits fed pellet containing 10% LLM was higher (P<0.05) than those fed the other diets. The dry matter (DM), CP, extract ether (EE), and crude fiber (CF) intakes of P2 were highest, they were 80.04±3.96, 16.43±0.81, 6.64±0.33, 15.84±0.78 (g DM/head/day), respectively. The ADG was 20.20±2.29 g/head/day and FCR was 4.60±0.55. It is concluded that 10% LLM in complete feed pellets improved the growth performance and nutrient intakes of male New Zealand White rabbits.
A comparison of three highly fermentable carbohydrate sources (corn, cassava powder or cassava pulp) on in vitro digestion
Authors: Putridinanti A D , Noviandi C T , Gunawan  , Agus A , Harper K , Poppi D
Published: December 2019

Cassava powder and pulp contain high levels of carbohydrate and variable starch; thus, they have the potential as substitutes for corn grain in cattle rations. This study aims to determine whether cassava (powder and pulp) can replace corn as an energy source in rations. Using a completely randomized design, rations were formulated using three corn, cassava powder or cassava pulp; and palm kernel cake as a protein source with a ratio of 60:40 (carbohydrate:protein source). Cassava powder and cassava pulp in the diet increased (P<0.05) VFA concentration over that from corn (14.6 and 18.2 vs. 11.3mM, respectively) and decreased NH3-N (4.73 and 4.55 vs. 8.26mg/100mL, respectively) in the rumen fluid compared to corn (P<0.05). pH did not change and ranged from 7.10-7.24. Rations containing cassava pulp showed the greatest microbial N concentration (P<0.05) compared to rations containing corn or cassava (5.85 vs. 4.52 and 1.43mg/100mL, respectively). Dry matter digestibility of the ration with cassava powder is higher (P<0.05) than corn and cassava pulp (62.4 vs. 59.4 and 50.6%, respectively). It may be concluded that cassava powder and cassava pulp can substitute corn in ruminant rations with a positive effect on the characteristics of rumen fermentation.
Biochemical and physical properties of goat feces liquid biofertilizer fermented with chicken excreta combination and different fermentation condition
Authors: Fitriyanto N A , Priyadi D A , Suranindyah Y , Yusiati L M , Erwanto Y , Kurniawati N , Pertiwiningrum A
Published: December 2019

This research aims to evaluate the quality of goat feces liquid biofertilizer with chicken excreta addition by aerobic and anaerobic fermentation. The data obtained from the research were statistically analyzed with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) Factorial Pattern with two factors. The first factor was addition level of the chicken excreta (0, 10, 20, and 30%) and the other factor was fermentation treatment (aerobic and anaerobic) condition with 3 replications for each treatment. Fermentation was conducted for 14 days. The observed parameters consisted of the chemical parameter (organic-C, N, P, and K) and the physical parameter (pH, temperature, and the odor). The addition of various level of chicken excreta and fermentation treatments in the process of producing goat feces liquid biofertilizer indicate significantly effect to increase the organic-C, total-N, NH4, P, K, compare with 5 and 10% liquid fertilizer treatment. The best quality of liquid biofertilizer produced by combining aerobic fermentation and the addition of 30% chicken excreta. Generally, chicken excreta able to increase the nitrogen and mineral content, and putting together with aerobic fermentation system of chicken excreta maximum to 30% can avoid overproduction of unpleasant odor.
The effect of kecombrang leaves (Etlingera elatior) addition and meat storage length on the meat decomposition, microstructure, and sensory quality
Authors: Rusman  , Rahman A , Kusuma C , Jamhari
Published: December 2019

This study aims to investigate the effect of kecombrang leaves (Etlingera elatior) on the decomposition, microstructure and sensory quality of meat at the refrigerator temperature. This study was conducted with three treatments i.e. control 0% (P1), powder 7.5% (P2) and fresh 7.5% (P3), with storage time of 0, 3 and 6 days, for each treatment. Variables measured included the decomposition, microstructure and sensory quality. The initial decomposition used the Eber test. Microstructure used Hemactosiline-Eosin (HE). The data of decomposition and microstructure were descriptively analyzed. Sensory quality data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis hedonic test. The results showed that there was an initial decomposition on the 3rd day for control (P1) and preservation with dry kecombrang leaves (P2), whereas for fresh kecombrang (P3) no decomposition occurred up to 6th day. The microstructure of meat began to damage on the 3rd day in P1 and P2 and more severe in 6th day of storing, whereas in P3 to 6 days storage there was relatively no damage. Kecombrang leaves had significant effect (P<0.05) on color, aroma and acceptability, but no significant effect on the taste and texture. In is concluded that kecombrang powder is most effective.
Parameter of ruminal feed fermentation in vitro with addition of clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum L.) as feed additive
Authors: Mulyandari F , Yusiati L M , Kurniawati A
Published: December 2019

Clove essential oils (CEO) effect as rumen modifier on rumen fermentation was studied using in vitro gas production technique. Feed consisted of king grass, wheat pollard and rice bran (60:20:20) were incubated in buffered rumen liquid at 39ºC for 24 hours with Ongole grade cattle rumen liquor as microbe donor. The CEO was added and mixed with feed to meet its levels of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 µl/L of fermentation medium. Volume of gas production was measured at the end of fermentation. Broth was collected for pH, protozoa number, ammonia, and microbial protein synthesis measurement. Medium pH ranges from 7.12 to 7.20, were not affected by CEO. Gas production reduced at CEO doses 75 and 100 µl/L (P<0.01). Ammonia concentration at all treatment was higher than control, whereas protozoa number were decreased by CEO (P<0.01). Protozoa ranged from 18.08 to 32.81 x 104 cell/ml reduced gradually by CEO doses 25 to 100 µl/L. Meanwhile, protein microbe at CEO 25 and 50 µl/L (141.54 and 141.11 mg/100 mL) were higher than control (P<0.01). CEO doses 75 and 100 µl/L did not change microbial protein. In conclusion, CEO addition up to 50 mg/l increase rumen feed efficiency.
Determinant factors of applying mixed crops and livestock farming in Indonesia
Authors: Putra A R S , Widarni N A A , Bawono W , Agustine R , Kusumastuti T A
Published: December 2019

Smallholder farmers have been integrating their limited resources as a strategy of sustainable farming system. Mixed Crops and Livestock (MCL) Farming becomes the most popular approach in developing countries. However, it remains a question in MCL farming system, whether farmers apply this farming practice as an income generating activity or a survival strategy. This paper aims to explore the determinant factors of MCL practice among farmers in Indonesia. A cross-sectional data of the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) in 2014 was used by involving 3,702 farm household (2,957 of non-MCL farmers and 745 of MCL farmers). A binary choice model was employed to estimate the probability of practicing MCL farming in Indonesia. The results showed that the cultivated land size and age of farmers negatively explained the choice of practicing MCL among farmers in Indonesia. This indicated that MCL farming tends to be practiced by younger farmers with smaller land size. The livestock asset is insignificant within the MCL farming. It indicates that crop farming is the primary farming while keeping livestock is more complementary activity among MCL farmers.
Effect of lactation on haematological constituents in Sapera and Ettawa crossbred goats
Authors: Sarmin  , Widiyono I , Anggraini D
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study was to compare the change in haematological constituents values during the lactation phase of Sapera and Ettawa crossbred goats. Eight lactating Sapera and nine Ettawa crossbred goats were used in this study. Blood samples were taken aseptically through the jugular vein. The mean of corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) levels of lactating Ettawa crossbred goats were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of lactating Sapera crossbred goats. There was no significant difference in red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), white blood cells (WBC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), lymphocytes (L), and neutrophils (N) levels (P > 0.05). It was found that MCHC and MCH levels in lactating Ettawa crossbred are significantly higher (P < 0.05)than those of the lactating Sapera goats. It indicated that lactating Ettawa crossbred goats have more maintenance or even higher oxygen carrying capacity that enhances oxygen supply for metabolism than that of lactating Sapera goats. Oxygen supply played an important role in the process of milk synthesis.
Effect of protected and non-protected corn oil supplementation on in vitro rumen fermentation
Authors: Anam M S , Yusiati L M , Hanim C
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to determine the effect of supplementation of corn oil (CO) and protected corn oil (PCO) mixture using formaldehyde on rumen fermentation. Protection of corn oil was carried out by mixing skim milk powder and CO (2:1) using formaldehyde 1.5%. Rumen fluid for in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) as well as for in vitro gas production was collected from rumen fistulated Bali cattle which has been adapted with elephant grass and wheat bran (60:40). The combination of CO and PCO in several rations was added as the supplement to feed substrate (dry matter basis). Ratios of CO: PCO supplementation that given were T0 (0%:0%) as a control, T1 (5%:0%), T2 (3.75%:1.25%), T3 (2.5%:2.5%), T4 (1.25%:3.75%), and T5 (0%:5%). The T1 and T2 had lower (P<0.05) total gas production at 48 hours incubation and fewer protozoa compared to the other treatments. The T1 had lower (P<0.05) NH3 and IVDMD. It is concluded that supplementation with the ratio of 3.75% CO and 1.25% PCO reduced the production of total gas and the number of protozoa, but did not decrease the pH, NH3, IVDMD, and IVOMD.
Madura cattle stratification as a signature of traditional selection and diverse production systems
Authors: Widyas N , Prastowo S , Haryanto R , Nugroho T , Widi T S M
Published: December 2019

Farmers practiced-selection and diverse production systems applied on Madura cattle and procured a stratification system. We aimed to study the Madura cattle population structure, especially in Sonok area. Focused group discussions and interviews involving farmers, key-persons and stake holders were conducted. Data on mature body measurements and weight were collected. The strata bottom up were commercial cattle, pajangan (multiplier) and elite. The breeding pyramid’s shape, however, was distorted; as pajangan was of the largest number. Elite dams were the selected ones, eligible to participate in local contests on body conformation and aesthetic. Sires were the descendant of the elite dams. No specific selections were conducted on sire lines. Elite dams and pajangan were mated with sires; female offspring becomes elite replacements if they manage to enter the contest; else they stay as pajangan. Pajangan’s female offspring failed to enter the contest were kept as dams. Farmers did not keep written records; however, mating was always done with inbreeding in consideration. This system managed to improve the cattle’s performance; mature wither height for elite dams were 115.54±1.45 and 131.55±9.30 cm while body weights were 236.26±14.12 and 393.88±43.94 kg on measurement year 2009 and 2017 respectively.
Physiological conditions of Bali cattle based on daily temperature-humidity index (THI) in oil palm plantation
Authors: Putra T D , Bintara S , Widayati D T , Panjono  , Baliarti E
Published: December 2019

Oil palm plantations (OPP) have a temperature-humidity index (THI) higher than the surrounding environment, which affects the physiological conditions of cattle. The study aims to measure the body temperature (BT), respiration rate (RR), and pulse rate (PR) as a comfort indicator of cattle to the environment. Fourteen Bali cattle were used to study the physiological condition of cattle in an OPP based on THI. The THI in the morning, day, and night were tested using a Completely Randomized Design followed by Duncan’s multiple range test. The results showed that the OPP had a different THI (P<0.05): 77.36±1.22, 82.91±1.40, and 79.49±2.63 in the morning, day and night respectively. The BT, RR, and heat tolerance coefficient (HTC) during the day higher (P<0.05) than morning and the night, while the PR was not different. It is concluded that OPP has THI potential to give moderate stress, but the cattle still overcome them through physiological efforts, so it was suitable for Bali cattle grazing area.