bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alzheimer's disease: classification and diagnosis criteria
Authors: Swakowska Katarzyna , Staniszewska Anna
Published: September 2021

In recent  years, the intensity of population aging has increased and the incidence of senile diseases, including dementia, has significantly increased. With the aging of populations in Europe, knowledge about the detection and diagnosis of dementia has increased in the last decade. Due to the increase in the number of patients, new therapies and precise diagnostic criteria have been introduced, contributing to faster diagnosis of the disease. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the biggest cause of dementia in old age. It is characterized by progressive cognitive deficits, especially memory, and disorders such as: apathy, agitation and psychotic symptoms. Alzhaimer's disease is a degenerative brain disease caused by the deposition of pathological B-amyloid protein tau and alpha-synuclein in the brain, causing atrophy of neurons and their connections. The basis for diagnosis of dementia in the course of Alzheimer's disease are ICD-10 or DSM-IV criteria. The clinical course and symptoms in the course of AD are defined by the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS), the scale also determines the stage of the disease. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor drugs and memantine are used to treat the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. Prompt diagnosis and treatment significantly delays the progression of the disease and helps to prolong normal functioning of the patient.
Does the age difference between the doctor and the patient matter - communication between the doctor and the young patient
Authors: Wróblewski Hubert , Zimna Aleksandra
Published: September 2021

Introduction and purpose of  work: The contact between  doctor and  patient is an element that builds mutual trust, which translates into the quality and effectiveness of treatment. This is especially important for adolescent patients, who expect attention and understanding of their problems. In addition, they start visiting the doctor themselves, so it is very important that they do not become discouraged by the lack of understanding of the doctors and that they do not avoid visits in the future. Currently, the average age of a doctor in Poland is over 50 years. The aim of the study is to investigate the influence of a doctor's age on his contact with a teenage patient.Material and method: The results of the study were obtained on the basis of the questionnaire survey.Results: 54 respondents aged 16-19 participated in the study. The vast majority (64.8%) consider a person under 30 years of age to be a young doctor, 29.6% under 40 years of age. Almost 67% declare that it is more likely to visit a young doctor. 87% of respondents find it easier to establish contact with a younger medic. For 68.5% of respondents, a visit to a senior doctor is more embarrassing. 88.9% of teenagers find it easier to admit embarrassing matters to younger medics. 66.7% declare that for them being more practiced is more important than easier contact with doctor. Two out of three teenagers are more stressed about visiting older doctor.Conclusions: Teen patients definitely prefer visits to younger doctors. Despite the greater stress and resistance to visiting older, more experienced doctors, young patients choose them. Training for senior physicians on contact with young people should be considered to reduce the proportion of people avoiding medical appointments due to difficulties in making contact in the future.
The role of adipocytokines and endothelial dysfunction with irritable bowel syndrome associated with obesity
Authors: Bilooka Yu. , Fediv O. , Stupnytska H. , Bilookyi V. , Bilookyi O. , Rohovyi Y.
Published: September 2021

The article contains the analysis of results concerning investigation of adipocytokines content and endothelial dysfunction in 97 patients with irritable bowel syndrome associated with obesity. The blood serum was examined for the content of adipocytokines (leptin, adiponectin, resistin), stable nitrogen monoxide metabolites (nitrites/nitrates), endothelin-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and the number of circulating endothelial cells (CEC).  Patients with IBS associated with obesity and prevailing diarrhea are found to develop a prominent imbalance of adipocytokines which is manifested in high levels of leptin and resisin and low level of adiponectin in the blood serum. Endothelial dysfunction evidenced by a high level of endothelin-1, the number of circulating endothelial cells, general NO and intercellular adhesion molecules 1, is characteristic for patients with IBS associated with obesity and prevailing diarrhea.
Neuroendocrine-immune complex as the mirror of the state of exchange of nitrogenous metabolites at rats
Authors: Popovych Igor , Kuchma Igor , Ruzhylo Sofiya , Zukow Walery , Gozhenko Anatoliy
Published: September 2021

Background. Earlier we found that even in intact rats, certain parameters of nitrogenous metabolism fluctuate in a fairly wide range, which further expands in cases of prolonged water loads. Based on this, we have been created three groups that are homogeneous in the parameters of nitrogenous metabolism. We have been shown that each cluster is accompanied by a specific constellation of immune parameters. In this study, an attempt will be made to supplement the immune accompaniment of each constellation of nitrogenous metabolites with parameters of the autonomic nervous and endocrine systems. Material and methods. Experiment was performed on 60 healthy female Wistar rats, both intact and loaded with different mineral waters. Immune status was assessed by thymocytogram, splenocytogram, blood leukocytogram and immunocytogram, as well as by phagocytosis parameters of blood neutrophils and monocytes. The state of autonomous regulation assessed by HRV. The plasma levels of the hormones of adaptation: corticosterone, triiodothyronine and testosterone (by the ELISA) were determined as well as mineralocorticoid, calcitonin and parathyroid activity calculated by their electrolyte markers. Results. 9 neuro-endocrine and 17 immune parameters were identified, the set of which three clusters of nitrogen metabolism clearly differ from each other. The overall accuracy of the classification is 93,3%. Conclusion. The variety of states of exchange of nitrogenous metabolites is accompanied by specific constellations of 26 parameters of neuro-endocrine-immune complex.
The role of nutrigenetics in diet personalisation
Authors: Rogulska Karolina , Strońska Aleksandra , Grzeszczak Konrad
Published: September 2021

Nutrigenetics is the field that studies genetic differences in relation to food components. It also examines the risk of food-dependent diseases. The search for genes responsible for disease occurrence is very difficult because the human genome has about 25,000 genes. Association studies are used to identify the relevant genes, and then the presence of polymorphisms is compared with a group of healthy people (control group). Thanks to these tests, it is possible to take an individual approach to the patient and arrange a personalized diet, which results in obtaining the best results. This article focuses on selected diseases including lactase deficiency, celiac disease, phenylketonuria and folate deficiency. In each of these diseases thanks to molecular research, it is possible to detect genetic defects, and then to apply a personalized diet which excludes or provides certain food products. Further development of nutrigenetics in the future will allow even better selection of diets in other disease entities.
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy – current state of knowledge
Authors: Bryliński Łukasz , Drożak Paulina , Drożak Martyna , Augustowska Katarzyna , Duda Piotr , Bura Agata , Rudnicka-Drożak Ewa
Published: September 2021

Introduction and purpose. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a tauopathy caused by repetitive, mild head injuries. It is characterized by perivascular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein in the neurons and astrocytes. CTE leads to changes in central nervous system, both on microscopic and macroscopic level. The aim of the study was to present the current knowledge on chronic traumatic encephalopathy among athletes, its predisposing factors, symptoms and consequences, as well as diagnostic methods and treatment.Description. CTE occurs among contact sport players, such as American football, ice hockey, soccer, baseball, box and MMA (mixed martial arts), as well as among soldiers and victims of domestic violence. Repetitive head injuries and long career duration increase the risk of CTE. Symptoms of chronic traumatic encephalopathy include a commonly occurring triad: cognitive disturbances, behavioral problems and mood disturbances. Other symptoms include memory loss, parkinsonism, headaches, speech and walking problems. Currently, the only diagnostic method of CTE is a posthumous detection of neuropathological markers. Methods such as detection of exosomal tau protein in plasma and imaging techniques give hope to diagnose CTE in alive patients. Treatment methods of CTE, such as LIPUS (low intensity pulsed ultrasound) therapy are currently being developed.Conclusions. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy among athletes is a serious problem that affects multiple people due to the popularity of contact sports. Thus, an emphasis should be put on prevention, raising awareness and appropriate protection of athletes through changes in regulations and improvement of protective equipment.
Prejudice against psychiatry
Authors: Zimna Aleksandra Iwona , Wróblewski Hubert
Published: September 2021

Introduction: There are many stereotypes in society about psychiatric patients and the diseases they suffer from. Psychiatrists themselves are often treated with reserve by society. They cause respect among patients and, at the same time, fear of having to visit.Aim of the study: The aim of the study is to analyze the attitude of society to psychiatric patients, their diseases and psychiatrists. Methods: The results of the study were obtained on the basis of an online survey.Results: 138 respondents took part in the survey, 81.2% were women and 18.8% were men. As many as 22% of respondents do not know who a psychiatrist is, confusing his competence with a psychologist. Over 40% believe that they would feel more stressed before visiting this doctor than with any other specialist, 31.9% associate visiting a psychiatrist with decreased self-esteem, difficulty in finding a permanent job (21%) and perceive them as embarrassing (70 %) More than half of the respondents admit that they would conceal this fact from the employer. As many as 62.3% of the respondents would not enter into a partnership with a person receiving treatment from a psychiatrist.Conclusions: On the basis of the obtained results, it can be noticed that the society is prejudiced against psychiatric patients, diseases in this field and specialist doctors themselves. Fear, insecurity, and withdrawal can be conditioned by an inadequate level of knowledge. However, as the years go by, society's confidence in psychiatrists is growing, to comfort.
Use of Rifaximin in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Treatment
Authors: Wróblewski Hubert , Zimna Aleksandra
Published: September 2021

Introduction and purpose of the work: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) affects up to 10% of the population. The deterioration in health-related quality of life in IBS patients has been shown to be comparable to, and perhaps even more severe than, other serious chronic organic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, hypertension, and end-stage renal disease. The aim of the study is to present a new method of IBS treatment.State of knowledge: There are four main types of IBS: Constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C), Diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D), Fluctuating IBS (IBS-M), and the unclassified form of IBS (IBS-U). Disturbances in entero-brain interactions play a key role in its multifactorial etiopathogenesis. In patients with IBS, quantitative and qualitative disturbances in the composition of the intestinal microbiota can be found. So far, it has not been possible to clearly establish the cause of the disease, so there is no possibility of causal therapy and effective cure. Both non-pharmacological methods and drugs, including rifaximin α, have been used in IBS therapy.Summary: Rifaximin has a positive effect on the symptoms of IBS. In clinical trials conducted in patients with IBS, the use of rifaximin for 2 weeks was associated with a reduction in the severity of joint symptoms, bloating, abdominal pain and discomfort, and an improvement in stool consistency within 4 and 12 weeks, and did not increase the risk of side effects. In the forms: with predominant diarrhea, mixed and unclassified, in order to reduce the overall symptoms as well as reduce the severity of flatulence and / or diarrhea, a 14-day therapy with rifaximin α is recommended.
The role of immunomodulatory preparations in asthma treatment
Authors: Kaczynska Agnieszka , Kłosińska Martyna , Ostojska Magdalena , Nowak Emilia , Stanicki Paweł
Published: September 2021

Asthma remains one of the most prevalent respiratory tract disorders. The disease affects both adults and children and remains the most common cause of respiratory morbidity. Considering its significant impact on patients’ quality of life and the treatment burdened with side effects, a new therapy approaches affecting the clinical course of asthma are needed. Here we describe the current results that have been obtained on using immunomodulatory preparations in asthma. The analysis of previously published studies was conducted by using the PubMed and Scopus databases.             Probiotics, bacterial lysates (BLs) and pidotimod are immunomodulatory compounds affecting both adaptive and innate immunity. The therapy based on probiotics might modulate the intestinal microbiota and regulate the inflammatory response. Bacterial lysates promote immune response by reversing Th1/Th2 unstable balance, which leads to reduction of allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness during asthma exacerbations. Pidotimod stimulates PRRs and increases the release of antimicrobial peptides which also leads to the improvement in the rate of respiratory tract infections. Some studies showed the beneficial effect of described preparations in asthma course. Regrettably, findings do not correspond with each other and the data referring to immunomodulatory compounds is still limited, thus there is an urgent need to conduct more, large sample studies.The conclusion we can only draw is that immunomodulatory compounds may offer an alternative approach for symptom reduction and prophylaxis against both infections and exacerbations of asthma.
Development of korfball games based on teaching games for understanding for elementary school
Authors: Riyanto Adnan , Widiyanto Widiyanto
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to produce a modification of the basketball-based game. This research is a research and development (Research and Development). The stages of research on the development of the Borg & Gall model that have been adopted into seven stages, namely: needs analysis, planning, developing initial products in the form of making initial products which are validated by material experts, media experts, and practitioners. Furthermore, the product is tested on students through small group trials, revisions, field trials and final product revisions. The subjects of this study were the upper grade students of SD Negeri Bakalan, SD Negeri Ledoknongko and SD Negeri Jongkang totaling 30 students in total, with 10 students in each elementary school. The data collection instrument used a questionnaire and an evaluation sheet. The quantitative data analysis technique in this study used descriptive statistical analysis. The results of the study were in the form of TGfU-based basketball game material in the form of a book consisting of six games as a learning tool. The material expert's assessment is included in the criteria of "very good" with an average of 4.9, then media experts indicate the criteria of "very good" with an average of 4.7, and practitioners include the criteria of "very good" with an average of 4.9, while the material field trials The TGfU-based basketball game that was tested on students showed the criteria of "very good" with an average score of 4.37. It can be concluded that the development of TGfU-based basketball game material is feasible to be used as a means of learning big ball games in physical education lessons in elementary schools.
Functional instability of the spine: selection measures for diagnosis and treatment using computer stability. Journal of Education, Health and Sport
Authors: Farion-Navolska O. V. , Мysula I. R. , Denefil O. V.
Published: September 2021

Osteochondrosis of the spine is one of the most common chronic diseases of the human musculoskeletal system, in which there is a degenerative-dystrophic lesion of the vertebrae, intervertebral discs and ligaments.The aim of the study was to analyze the problems of pain and instability of the spine that occur in osteochondrosis, kinesiological methods of their diagnosis and treatment, and the criteria for selecting patients for the treatment of spinal instability.Material and methods of investigation. Literature sources were analyzed to substantiate the feasibility of selecting patients with disorders of functional stability of the spine and the use of computer stabiloplatform for diagnosis and treatment.Results. 4 groups of people were selected for examination and treatment. All individuals were selected from patients who applied to the Milon Center, which specializes in helping patients with kinesiodiagnostics and kinesiotherapy, therapeutic massage. All patients gave informed consent to use their examination and treatment data, if necessary, using a stabiloplatform. The first group included people who did not have osteochondrosis, but led a sedentary lifestyle, mostly traveling by car, ie were at risk of developing osteochondrosis. Their age was 22–28 years; the distribution by sex was - 12 men and 16 women. The second included patients who had hypermobility of the spine. Their age was 25-35 years; the distribution by sex was - 18 men and 23 women. The third group included patients with hypomobility of the spine. Their age was 28-45 years; the distribution by sex was - 15 men and 20 women. The fourth group included patients with spinal instability. Their age was 30-50 years; the distribution by sex was - 22 men and 32 women.Expected results. In each of the groups of subjects is expected to improve the functional stability of the spine, reduce disorders of the autonomic nervous system, reduce psychological disorders, improve sleep quality. The selection of the number of procedures is set individually, depending on the quality of the detected changes. Long-term results of stabilometry application are expected to be investigated.Conclusion. Osteochondrosis is a modern disease that leads to a deterioration in the quality of people of working age. The use of computer stabilometry can improve the functional stability of the spine.
The main phases of Oleksandr Zupan's development as a geographer and teacher
Authors: Bilous Victoriіa
Published: September 2021

The main phasess of life history and formation of scientific work of Professor Oleksandr Zupan, a famous Austrian geographer, climatologist, teacher, editor of the famous geographical journal "Petermanns Mitteilungen" are described. It is shown the contribution to the development of geographical science, Austrian and German school geography whithin the analysis of O. Zupan’s career.Most of his life Oleksandr Zupan lived in Germany, namely in Gotha. His stay in Slovenia in Ljubljana was very long as well. He studied and worked as a teacher in Ljubljana.  In general, we suggest to identify five periods: the first - 1847 - 1869, the second - 1869 - 1877, the third - 1878 - 1884, the fourth - 1885-1907 years, and the fifth - 1908 - 1920 years.
PIMS-TS- (Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome – Temporally Associated with SARS-CoV-2)- a new challenging medical condition
Authors: Dubel Robert , Ruszel Kinga , Chodun Wiktoria , Nieradko-Iwanicka Barbara
Published: September 2021

At the beginning of pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 children were thought to go through COVID 19 in  a definitely milder way than adults, in most cases even asymptomatically. However, even though the period of infection in pediatric patients is benign, SARS-CoV-2 found a way to take its toll on children’s health. Here comes PIMS-TS:  Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome - temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) [ICD-10: U 10.9]. Since the global pandemic of COVID-19 is still on the go, for over a year now, SARS-CoV-2 tends to constantly mutate and affect children at increasingly young age either by oligosymptomatic respiratory viral infection, or more distant SARS-CoV-2-related medical condition- PIMS-TS. Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome - temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS), or Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) as it’s also called, is a rare systemic disease manifested by persistent fever and extreme inflammatory reaction following exposure to SARS-CoV-2, 2-4 weeks before the symptoms occur. It’s a brand new medical condition, described for the first time in May 2020. PIMS-TS affects 1 out of 1000 children infected with SARS-CoV-2 and can lead to very dangerous cardiological complications such as acute pancarditis, shock or aneurysms of coronary arteries. Efficient treatment performed in the accurate time and hospitalization in ICU allow to overcome PIMS-TS in the prevalent number of patients and get better in a few days. Mortality of PIMS-TS ranges from 1,5% to 2% of all cases.
Phytotherapy in diabetes: a review of plant
Authors: Kuc Monika , Cyboran Katarzyna , Machaj Damian , Korzec Tomasz , Kania Konrad
Published: September 2021

More than 200 species of plants possess antidiabetic properties which were evaluated mostly by screening tests without digging far for the exact mode of action. Searching among the different literature resources and various database, this  article provides a comprehensive review on the available antidiabetic plants that have been approved by pharmacological and clinical evaluations, and which their mechanism(s) of action is assured.
Anti-aging properties of metformin
Authors: Łopuszyńska Anna Małgorzata , Pawlicki Mateusz , Kozioł Magdalena , Krasa Aleksandra , Piekarska Ewa , Piecewicz-Szczęsna Halina
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Life expectancy of human population is being constantly prolonged, hence there is a lot of research into drug that will prevent the effects of aging. There are many reports that metformin, which is a drug used in type 2 diabetes, has anti-aging effects. It belongs to the group of biguanides and has been used since the 1950s. It is a relatively safe, cheap and effective drug, which makes it a promising subject for many studies. The purpose of this review is to present the latest developments in this field. Material and methods: PubMed scientific base was searched using following keywords: metformin, aging, anti-aging, in years 2017-2021. Results: Numerous studies show that metformin has an impact on aging through the nutrient pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, and its effects on reactive oxygen species. In addition, it has an anti-cancer effect, inhibiting, among others, rectal cancer cells and p53 mutant colon cancer. Research in rodents has shown that this drug has anti-aging effects on many organs, including the CNS, ovaries, prostate, heart muscle and skin. Conclusions: Metformin, which is the most commonly used oral drug in type 2 diabetes, has many other mechanisms of action. Its anti-aging effect works on many organs in our bodies, which gives hope to find an anti-aging substance. However, multicentre, randomized trials are needed to determine the exact anti-aging dose, its possible side effects, and effects on various organisms.
Diagnosis of the pancreatic cancer
Authors: Raczkiewicz Przemysław , Kalicka Maria , Korzec Tomasz , Kania Konrad , Cyboran Katarzyna
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The pancreatic cancer arises from non-invasive precursor lesions and develops through the accumulation of characteristic gene mutations. The recent scientific reports based on genetic tests state that the approximate time between cancerous initiation and the development of cancer with metastasisis15 years. We candistinguish three main precancerous lesions leading to the pancreatic cancer: pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCN), and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN). The imaging tests used for the diagnostics and observation of precancerous pancreas lesions are MR, MRC, CT and EUS. Method: review of the recent literature based on PubMEd, Google scholar research based onthe following key words: pancreatic cancer, precancer of the pancreas, pancreatic cyst, tuber of the pancreas, medical imaging of the pancreasPurpose of the work: systematizing information about precancers of the pancreatic cancer based on the latest research and findings
The importance of CAD and DECT in CT colonography
Authors: Wójcik Anna Monika , Kurzepa Joanna , Samek Ilona , Jańczyk Magdalena , Krawiec Paulina , Białek Justyna , Kozioł Magdalena
Published: September 2021

IntroductionAccording to the American College of Radiology and the American Cancer Society, CTC has been recognized as a valuable screening method for detecting CRC in people at medium risk as an alternative to endoscopic colonoscopy. The condition for the proper interpretation of this procedure is the patient’s preparation for the examination. The evaluation of the test includes: topogram, transverse images (as reference images), multifaceted reconstructions and three-dimensional images (3D navigator). Materials and methods                            The literature on the use of CTC in the diagnosis of CRC was analyzed. A review of the scientific literature indexed in the PUBMED database from the last 10 years was carried out. Results The introduction of dual energy computed tomography (DECT) clearly improved the diagnostic accuracy of CTC. The main advantage of DECT is the possibility of obtaining iodine maps and VNC (virtual non-contrast) – a ’’virtual’’ native image (without the use of contrast). DECT allows you to monitor the results and extent of iodine capture on VNC and iodine map images, respectively, without using pre-recorded tomographic images. Pilot tests showed that DECT is an effective tool in CT colonography diagnostics and electronic colon loop cleaning after barium labeling. The use of the Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) algorithm in high energy tomography helps in the diagnosis and detection of intestinal tumors. ConclusionsThe development of modern technologies used in CT colonography proves that it is a safe and acceptable technique for patients. Lack of invasiveness, low radiation dose and high diagnostic efficiency of CTC may encourage more people to undergo colorectal cancer screening in the future.
Influence of feed additives for chickens on the quality of eggs laid and related risks
Authors: Wasielewska Magdalena
Published: September 2021

A chicken egg is a valuable animal product that has served people for centuries. Research carried out over the last dozen or so years shows that society's knowledge about them is still relatively small. The research cited in the text shows that only 23% of respondents know that the color of a hen's egg shell depends on the breed of the hen, and not on the way it is fed. As a result, some consumers choose eggs in the store by choosing their color instead of the official markings on each individual egg. Chickens' nutrition has a direct impact on the quality of the eggs they lay. Chickens fed with fodder with antibiotics lay eggs in which we can find the same antibiotics that the animal ate with the food. It has many side effects, however, the greatest of which seems to be bacterial drug resistance, caused by the use of the same strong antibiotics in the nutritional industry and in human hospital medicine. Bacteria have developed various resistance mechanisms. For example, Enterococcus spp. Has developed resistance to vancomycin, Salmonella Typhimurum to tetracyclines, sulfonamides and fluoroquinolones. However, it is possible to use antibiotics in poultry treatment, but it is very important in this case to strictly observe the grace periods necessary to eliminate the antibiotic from the animal's body. Some of the world's governments, aware of the dangers of such a state of affairs, are trying to combat the phenomenon of feeding poultry with antibiotic growth stimulants by introducing new norms, orders and bans in their countries. Antibiotics such as avoparcin, zinc-bacitracin and spiromycin have been discontinued. Chicken egg producers are finding newer and newer ways to circumvent these recipes. Non-antibiotic feed additives such as probiotics, phytobiotics, and specific herbs are used. An effective way to combat this phenomenon may be to educate the public on this topic.
Use of white light therapy in treatment of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Góralczyk Wanesa , Mikos Eryk , Kanon Karol
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, associated with selective loss of neurons in the substantia nigra. Parkinson’s disease revealed by motor and non-motor symptoms. Alternative therapies for cure non-motor symptoms are searched. One of them can be white light therapy, which is based on taking samples of light specified illuminance, time of day, period and head-to-light distance.

 

Brief description of the state of knowledge. The purpose of white light therapy is stabilization of the circadian melatonin secretion and improvement of circadian rhythmicity. Morning white light exposure allows to accelerate the circadian rhythm and is effective in cure of depression disorders. In turn evening light exposure is used to delayed the circadian rhythm and treat early awaking insomnia. The effectiveness of treatment by white light therapy other neurological and neuropsychiatric disease as depression or sleep disorder is well-documented.

 

Conclusions. White Light Therapy is a safe, easy to use, and inexpensive non-pharmacological treatment option with rare side effects. Research shows that light has a significant therapeutic effect on a broad spectrum of symptoms, such as tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, insomnia. However more evidence is needed to define specific dose of light for treatment non-motor symptoms Parkinson’s disease and the regime of its intake (length of irradiation, time of day, distance between the head and the light source).
Botulinum toxin in the treatment of neuralgia and neuropathic pain
Authors: Mielniczek Katarzyna
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Botulinum toxin is one of the most powerful neurotoxins currently known, with high affinity to the cholinergic synapse, which sufficiently inhibits the release of acetylcholine. Its use has proved to be effective in the treatment of many diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Although most of the therapeutic effects of botulinum toxin are due to the temporary relaxation of skeletal muscles (caused by inhibition of acetylcholine release), research is ongoing into its effects on the nervous system.

Purpose of the work: The aim of the study is to analyze the effectiveness of botulinum toxin in the treatment of neuralgia and neuropathic pain.

Method: The relevant samples were accessed by means of an electronic search in the PubMed database. The analysis used reviews and meta-analyzes posted on the platform over the last 10 years.

Conclusions: Botulinum toxin has great potential in the treatment of pain. It is multitasking due to its favorable safety profile and long-lasting relief from a single injection compared to other pain medications. The side effects caused by it were assessed to be mild to moderate and included a local skin reaction (swelling), injection site pain, muscle weakness, flu symptoms, nausea and vomiting.

Keywords: botulinum toxin; neuropathic pain; pain treatment; neuralgia; BoNT / A
Vegan and vegetarian diet influence on bone health - a short review
Authors: Nowaczek Justyna , Oszczędłowski Paweł , Stanicki Paweł , Żak Klaudia , Januszewski Jacek
Published: September 2021

Introduction and purpose: Vegan and vegetarian diets rise in popularity. Their succes can be attributed to growing ecological awarness and trends in culture. Opponents criticise these diets as incompletely nutritional. In this review, we would like to summarise the state of knowledge over effects of vegan and vegetarian diets on skeletal system.  Bone Mineral Density is a widely used indicator of likelyhood of fracture and develompent of osteoporosis. Comparing that parameter between vegans and vegetarians and non-vegans can lead to conclusions about bones’ health.
A brief description of the state of knowledge: Lower intake of calcium and vitamins (D3, B12) in vegans and vegetarians can lead to lower bone mineral density and higher risk of fracture. Although, with supplementation of those nutrients negative effects are greatly reduced. Higher bone mineral density in non-vegetarian subjects can be result of higher body mass, gender and other factors. Plant-based diets are less acid-forming than their counterpart, resulting in lower bone resorption and reduced loss of calcium.  
Conclusions: Vegan and vegetarian diet can result in lower boner mineral density. However, if applied correctly, with supplementation of lacking nutrients, or enriching the diet with dairy products it may not lead to any negative effects on bones. Substances contained in plants, more frequently eaten by vegans and vegetarians may have positive effects on bone mineral density.
Pulmonary embolism as a complication of fracture of the proximal end of the humerus - literature review
Authors: Wokurka Wojciech , Węgrzyniak Agata , Dudek Iga , Piech Piotr
Published: September 2021

Introduction and purpose: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. There are many factors that increase the risk of its occurence. High costs of treatment, non-specific symptoms and high mortality of the disease determine the further search for new methods of treatment and diagnostics. The aim of the study is to determine the incidence of PE in patients after fracture of the proximal end of the humerus.

Materials and methods: A literature search was conducted in the PubMed MEDLINE database of medical publications using the following keywords: pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, proximal humerus fracture.

Results: Among the found articles, 4 original papers describing the problems of pulmonary embolism after fractures of the proximal end of the humerus were qualified for further analysis. The incidence of PE after this type of fracture is rare and ranges from 1.3% to 5.1%. Moreover, PE was not the cause of death of any patient in the analyzed literature.

Conclusion: The need for further randomized controlled trials on a large group of patients operated with the same technique was demonstrated, including subgroups with and without antithrombotic chemoprophylaxis.
Description of invariant NKT cells.
Authors: Karwicka Katarzyna , Szudy-Szczyrek Aneta , Hus Marek
Published: September 2021

Recently discovered subpopulations belonging to cell groups called “invariant” NKT, also referred to as type I NKT or classical NKT cells, appear to have a unique impact on the tumor microenvironment. Considering the characteristics of secreted cytokines, production of chemokines and the capability of cell cytotoxic activity, these cells have a significant function in being immune to bacteria, parasites, viruses, autoimmune and tumor diseases. The profile of secreted cytokine is probably decisive in reference to the distinct functions of the subpopulation, some of them exhibit immunosuppressive activity inhibiting an anticancer immune response, and the other stimulate the organisms for eradicating the tumor. Currently, it has been discovered six fundamental, functionally distinct subpopulations of iNKT cells (NKT1, NKT2, NKT10, NKT17, NKTreg, NKTFH).
Treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (ChAD) - a review of the literature
Authors: Klas Jakub , Kluz Natalia , Makaryczew Mikołaj , Piwowar Klaudia
Published: September 2021

Introduction and aims of the study: The aim of this study is to present recent reports on the treatment and therapy of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (ChAD). The current treatment of patients affected by these diseases is difficult and unsatisfactory, therefore it is necessary to find new therapeutic options that will improve the effectiveness of treatment

For the purpose of this study, scientific papers were reviewed using the Google Scholar search engine covering studies from 2016 to 2021. A dozen papers covering the scope of the publication were selected.

Results: In the treatment of schizophrenia, the use of cannabinoids is of greatest interest due to the action of the preparations on the endocannabinoid system. In the treatment of ChaD, promising reports have been published on the therapy with aripiprazole and the need to improve its use in the treatment of both akathisia and agitation. Furthermore, from the fact that abnormalities of calcium signalling are considered a possible pathophysiological process in ChAD, it has been suggested that calcium channel L antagonists may be potential therapeutic agents in bipolar affective disorder. One study also demonstrated the potential use of vortioxetine in the treatment of patients with a depressive episode.

Conclusions: The results of recent studies on the treatment of schizophrenia and ChAD cited in this paper offer the prospect of creating treatment regimens that are more effective and targeted in the aforementioned diseases. However, further randomised trials are needed to confirm the effective use of the cited drugs in the treatment of these diseases.
OCENA STANU FUNKCJONALNEGO PACJENTÓW ZAKWALIFIKOWANYCH DO ZABIEGU ALLOPLASTYKI STAWU BIODROWEGO
Authors: Padewski Rafał , Szczypiór-Piasecka Karina , Antczak Krzysztof , Mińko Alicja
Published: September 2021

WSTĘP

Choroba zwyrodnieniowa stawu biodrowego jest jednym z najczęściej występujących schorzeń obejmujących ten narząd. Zazwyczaj występuje ona u ludzi w przedziale wiekowym 50-80, jednak istnieje ryzyko jej wystąpienia u osób młodszych ze względu na czynniki predysponujące. Zmiany w stawie są nieodwracalne i jedynym sposobem na ich zatrzymanie jest odpowiednio dobrana rehabilitacja, a w późniejszym etapie, wykonanie alloplastyki stawu biodrowego. Zakres fizjoterapii obejmuje dziedziny takie jak kinezyterapia, fizykoterapia, terapia manualna oraz osteopatia.

Cel: 1.Ocena stanu klinicznego i funkcjonalnego pacjentów przed alloplastyką stawu biodrowego. 2.Określenie czynników wpływających na zwiększenie dysfunkcji kończyny dolnej. 3.Ocena bólu w chorobie zwyrodnieniowej stawu biodrowego.

Materiały i metody: W przeprowadzonym badaniu wzięło udział 46 osób zakwalifikowanych do zabiegu alloplastyki stawu biodrowego. Badanie obejmowało ocenę zakresu ruchomości przy pomocy inklinometru, ocenę siły mięśniowej według skali Lovetta oraz ocenę bólu wykorzystując skalę VAS.

Wyniki: W grupie badanej zaobserwowano największe zmiany w zmniejszeniu zakresu ruchomości zgięcia (p<0,05) oraz ruchu rotacji wewnętrznej (p<0,05). Zaobserwowano zmniejszenie zakresu ruchomości wyprostu, odwodzenia, przywodzenia oraz rotacji zewnętrznej, jednak wyniki nie były istotne statystycznie. Zmiany  zwyrodnieniowe predysponują do zwiększenia dolegliwości bólowych (p<0,05). Siła mięśniowa pacjenta zmniejsza się wraz ze stopniem zaawansowania zmian zwyrodnieniowych (p<0,05). Zwiększenie dolegliwości bólowych wpływa na osłabienie siły mięśniowej (p<0,05).

Wnioski: 1.Pacjenci z coxarthrosis cechują się zmniejszonym zakresem ruchomości we wszystkich płaszczyznach ruchowych, w szczególności zgięciem i rotacją wewnętrzną. 2.Zmiany zwyrodnieniowe wpływają na obniżenie siły mięśniowej stawu biodrowego. 3.Dolegliwości bólowe zwiększają się wraz ze wzrostem zaawansowania choroby zwyrodnieniowej.
The process of physiotherapy in patients treated for colorectal cancer
Authors: Filarecka Agnieszka , Biernacki Maciej , Jęchorek Michał , Leksowski Łukasz , Małek Michał , Tysowski Robert , Molek Karolina , Tysowska Magdalena , Szymura Karolina
Published: September 2021

Breast cancer is a global problem, causes many deaths worldwide, and the emergence of disability resulting from treatment.

Physiotherapy is a 24/7 process. It is very often limited to just a few minutes of exercise a day, which is not enough.

The aim of the work is to propose physiotherapeutic treatment in women after radical mastectomy and to present diagnostic problems caused by SARS-CoV-2 pandemics, which negatively affect cancer prevention.
Pedagogical Hope between Presence and Promise
Authors: Crotti Monica
Published: September 2021

What specific imprint does Christianity give to the philosophical elaboration of personalism? Initially, we introduce a reflective reread on Christian personalist thought in ongoing pedagogical discourse, in particular through the paradigmatic concept of hope. Returning to the traditional concept of ‘person’ and to its philosophical-ontological legacy, this essay discusses the dynamic of the teacher-student educational relationship. In this context, this paper attempts to show that the educator manifests his being a person of hope through his educative presence and respect for the promise.
Jerzy Kostorz, Zdzisław Pytka, Piotr Bechta (red.). Katechizm dla średnio zaawansowanych. Opole: Wydawnictwo Świętego Krzyża, 2021
Authors: Kochel Jan
Published: September 2021

.
Incorporating a rehabilitation ethos into the management of canine osteoarthritis
Authors: Capon Hannah
Published: September 2021

Osteoarthritis is a painful and debilitating degenerative condition with an extremely high incidence. Consequently, it is frequently encountered in first opinion practice and was recently cited as a primary cause of welfare compromise through extensive population studies carried out by Vet Compass, a division of the Royal Veterinary College. In the preceding article of this series (https://doi.org/10.12968/coan.2021.0014), the author provided a brief overview of the complexity of chronic pain associated with osteoarthritis and advocated for a polypharmacy approach guided by the clinical presentation. However, pain is only one clinical manifestation of degenerative joint disease. Osteoarthritis affects the whole joint and local support structures, as well as impacting the entire musculoskeletal system. Interventions targeting the multitude of consequences of this disease are likely to have greater impact on long-term analgesia, independent mobility, function, longevity and overall health-related quality of life. This article introduces the clinical reasoning and evidence base associated with an integrated multimodal approach to a multifaceted and complex disease.
Soft tissue extensor mechanism tendon ruptures of the knee
Authors: Rhind John-Henry , Lancaster Patrick , Ahmed Usman , Carmont Michael
Published: September 2021

Ruptures of the extensor mechanism of the knee are serious injuries requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment. They can be divided into soft tissue and bony causes. Soft tissue tendon injuries can be either partial or complete. Rupture of the quadriceps tendon is an uncommon injury and is more frequent in patients over the age of 40 years. Patella tendon ruptures are even rarer and are more frequent in patients under the age of 40 years. Causes can be direct or indirect. Complete ruptures of the quadriceps tendon or patella tendon benefit from early surgical management, while partial ruptures may be managed non-operatively. This article gives an overview of the presentation, assessment and management of soft tissue extensor mechanism tendon ruptures for core surgical, acute care common stem and emergency medicine trainees.
Overview of Intelligent Transport System (ITS) and Its Applications
Authors: Tripathi Purnendu S M , Kumar Ambuj , Chandra Ashok
Published: September 2021

Since last decades world, predominantly urban areas, is experiencing huge voluminous road traffic growth, resulting in heavy congestion, air pollution, accidents, and poor efficiency.  Many people every day are the victims of this poor management of tremendous traffic. Since many years, there had been some automation in managing the traffic namely Electronic Toll Collection (ETC), Electronic parking payment, normal traffic information etc. However, there are little efforts for making the system more advanced. Recently, several kinds of research are being launched by many countries to develop Intelligent Transport System (ITS), with the objectives to minimize congestion, ensure better safety, reduce air pollution etc. ITS are planned to establish robust communication between vehicle to vehicle (V2V), vehicle to pedestrian (V2P), vehicle to infrastructure (V2I), and vehicle to network (V2N). Initially, for communication links ITS, deploys Wi-Fi network, but because of limited capacity and huge requirement, some links use 5.8 GHz radio frequency for such purposes. IEEE, International Telecommunications Union (ITU) and other advanced research organisations are studying 700 MHz band and mm frequency bands for advanced ITS. ITS is poised to use Information & Communication Technology (ICT) networks for such purposes. ITU has established Study Groups/study questions for addressing ITS issues. The World Radio Conference (WRC-2019) has made a Recommendation 208 regarding harmonization of frequency bands for ITS applications. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of ITS, its applications and analysis etc. The radio frequency spectrum aspects and role of 5 G in ITS are also described in detail.
Planar diffractive grating for magneto-optical trap application:
fabrication and testing
Authors: Wang Guochao , Xue Gaopeng , Zhai Qihang , Zhu Junhao , Yu Kangning , Huang Guangyao , Wang Min , Zhong Aihua , Zhu Lingxiao , Yan Shuhua , Li Xinghui
Published: September 2021

The design, fabrication, and demonstration of a planar
two-dimensional-crossed reflective diffractive grating are proposed to
construct a novel optical configuration, to the best of our knowledge,
potentially applied for atom cooling and trapping in a magneto-optical
trap. Based on the proposed single-beam single-exposure scheme by
means of an orthogonal two-axis Lloyd’s mirrors interferometer, we
rapidly patterned a

∼

1

µ

m

period grating capable of providing
a uniform intensity of the diffracted beams. The key structural
parameters of the grating including the array square hole’s width and
depth were determined, aiming at providing a high energy of the
diffracted beams to perform the atom cooling and trapping. To
guarantee the diffracted beams to be overlapped possibly, we adopted a
polarized beam splitter to guide the optical path of the incident and
zero-order diffracted beams. Therefore, one zero-order diffracted beam
with a retroreflected mode and four first-order diffracted beams with
appropriate optical path constructed a three-dimensional optical
configuration of three orthogonal pairs of counterpropagating beams.
Finally, three pairs of the counterpropagating cooling laser beams
with 9 mm diameter and

>

10

%

diffraction efficiencies were
achieved, and the circular polarization chirality, purity, and
compensation of the desired diffracted beams are further evaluated,
which preliminarily validated a high applicability for the
magneto-optical trap system.