bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exact integrability conditions for cotangent vector fields
Authors: Bianchini Stefano
Published: February 2023

In Quantum Hydro-Dynamics the following problem is relevant: let $$(\sqrt{\rho },\Lambda ) \in {W^{1,2}}({\mathbb {R}}^d,{\mathcal {L}}^d,{\mathbb {R}}^+) \times L^2({\mathbb {R}}^d,\mathcal L^d,{\mathbb {R}}^d)$$

(

ρ

,
Λ
)

∈

W

1
,
2

(

R

d

,

L

d

,

R

+

)

×

L
2

(

R

d

,

L
d

,

R

d

)

be a finite energy hydrodynamics state, i.e. $$\Lambda = 0$$

Λ
=
0

when $$\rho = 0$$

ρ
=
0

and $$\begin{aligned} E = \int _{{\mathbb {R}}^d} \frac{1}{2} \big | \nabla \sqrt{\rho } \big |^2 + \frac{1}{2} \Lambda ^2 {\mathcal {L}}^d < \infty . \end{aligned}$$

E
=

∫

R

d

1
2

|

∇

ρ

|

2

+

1
2

Λ
2

L

d

<
∞
.

The question is under which conditions there exists a wave function $$\psi \in {W^{1,2}}({\mathbb {R}}^d,{\mathcal {L}}^d,{\mathbb {C}})$$

ψ
∈

W

1
,
2

(

R

d

,

L

d

,
C
)

such that $$\begin{aligned} \sqrt{\rho } = |\psi |, \quad J = \sqrt{\rho } \Lambda = \Im \big ( {\bar{\psi }} \nabla \psi ). \end{aligned}$$

ρ

=

|
ψ
|
,

J

=

ρ

Λ
=
ℑ

(

ψ

¯

∇
ψ
)
.

The second equation gives for $$\psi = \sqrt{\rho } w$$

ψ
=

ρ

w

smooth, $$|w| = 1$$

|
w
|
=
1

, that $$i \Lambda = \sqrt{\rho } {\bar{w}} \nabla w$$

i
Λ
=

ρ

w

¯

∇
w

. Interpreting $$\rho {\mathcal {L}}^d$$

ρ

L

d

as a measure in the metric space $${\mathbb {R}}^d$$

R

d

, this question can be stated in generality as follows: given metric measure space $$(X,d,\mu )$$

(
X
,
d
,
μ
)

and a cotangent vector field $$v \in L^2(T^* X)$$

v
∈

L
2

(

T
∗

X
)

, is there a function $$w \in {W^{1,2}}(X,\mu ,{\mathbb {S}}^1)$$

w
∈

W

1
,
2

(
X
,
μ
,

S

1

)

such that $$\begin{aligned} dw = i w v. \end{aligned}$$

d
w
=
i
w
v
.

Under some assumptions on the metric measure space $$(X,d,\mu )$$

(
X
,
d
,
μ
)

(conditions which are verified on Riemann manifolds with the measure $$\mu = \rho \textrm{Vol}$$

μ
=
ρ
Vol

or more generally on non-branching $$\textrm{MCP}(K,N)$$

MCP
(
K
,
N
)

), we show that the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of w is that (in the case of differentiable manifold) $$\begin{aligned} \int v(\gamma (t)) \cdot {\dot{\gamma }} (t) dt \in 2\pi {\mathbb {Z}}\end{aligned}$$

∫
v

(
γ

(
t
)

)

·

γ
˙

(
t
)

d
t
∈
2
π
Z

for $$\pi $$
π
-a.e. $$\gamma $$
γ
, where $$\pi $$
π
is a test plan supported on closed curves. This condition generalizes the condition that the vorticity is quantized. We also give a representation of every possible solution. In particular, we deduce that the wave function $$\psi = \sqrt{\rho } w$$

ψ
=

ρ

w

is in $$W^{1,2}(X,\mu ,{\mathbb {C}})$$

W

1
,
2

(
X
,
μ
,
C
)

whenever $$\sqrt{\rho } \in W^{1,2}(X,\mu ,{\mathbb {R}}^+)$$

ρ

∈

W

1
,
2

(
X
,
μ
,

R

+

)

.
Neoplasms and tumor-like lesions of the sellar region: imaging findings with correlation to pathology and 2021 WHO classification
Authors: Ugga Lorenzo , Franca Raduan Ahmed , Scaravilli Alessandra , Solari Domenico , Cocozza Sirio , Tortora Fabio , Cavallo Luigi Maria , De Caro Marialaura Del Basso , Elefante Andrea
Published: February 2023

The sellar region represents a complex anatomical area, composed of multiple structures of different embryological derivation, including the skull base and the pituitary gland, along with vascular, nervous, and meningeal structures. Masses arising in this region include benign and malignant lesions arising from the pituitary gland itself, but also from vestigial embryological residues or surrounding tissues, that may require different therapeutic approaches. While assessing sellar region masses, the combination of clinical presentation and imaging features is fundamental to define hypotheses about their nature. MR represents the imaging modality of choice, providing information about the site of the lesion, its imaging features, and relation with adjacent structures, while CT is useful to confirm the presence of lesion calcifications or to reveal tumor invasion of bony structures. The aim of this pictorial review is to provide an overview of the common neoplasms and tumor-like conditions of the sellar region, according to the 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (fifth edition), with an emphasis on the radiologic-pathologic correlation. After a brief introduction on the anatomy of this region and the imaging and pathological techniques currently used, the most relevant MRI characteristics, clinical findings, and pathological data, including histologic and molecular features, will be shown and discussed, with the aim of facilitating an appropriate differential diagnosis among these entities.
Epilithic Bacterial Assemblages on Subtidal Rocky Reefs: Variation Among Alternative Habitats at Ambient and Enhanced Nutrient Levels
Authors: Elsherbini Joseph , Corzett Christopher , Ravaglioli Chiara , Tamburello Laura , Polz Martin , Bulleri Fabio
Published: February 2023

Temperate rocky reefs often support mosaics of alternative habitats such as macroalgal forests, algal turfs and sea urchin barrens. Although the composition of epilithic microbial biofilms (EMBs) is recognized as a major determinant of macroalgal recruitment, their role in regulating the stability of alternative habitats on temperate rocky reefs remains unexplored. On shallow rocky reefs of the Island of Capraia (NW Mediterranean), we compared EMB structure among canopy stands formed by the fucoid Ericaria brachycarpa, algal turfs, and urchin barrens under ambient versus experimentally enhanced nutrient levels. The three habitats shared a core microbial community consisting of 21.6 and 25.3% of total ASVs under ambient and enhanced nutrient conditions, respectively. Although Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria and Flavobacteriia were the most abundant classes across habitats, multivariate analyses at the ASV level showed marked differences in EMB composition among habitats. Enhancing nutrient level had no significant effect on EMBs, although it increased their similarity between macroalgal canopy and turf habitats. At both ambient and enriched nutrient levels, ASVs mostly belonging to Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were more abundant in EMBs from macroalgal canopies than barrens. In contrast, ASVs belonging to the phylum of Proteobacteria and, in particular, to the families of Rhodobacteraceae and Flavobacteriaceae at ambient nutrient levels and of Rhodobacteraceae and Bacteriovoracaceae at enhanced nutrient levels were more abundant in turf than canopy habitats. Our results show that primary surfaces from alternative habitats that form mosaics on shallow rocky reefs in oligotrophic areas host distinct microbial communities that are, to some extent, resistant to moderate nutrient enhancement. Understanding the role of EMBs in generating reinforcing feedback under different nutrient loading regimes appears crucial to advance our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning the stability of habitats alternative to macroalgal forests as well as their role in regulating reverse shifts.
Three-dimensional-printed patient-specific instrumentation is an accurate tool to reproduce femoral bone tunnels in multiple-ligament knee injuries
Authors: Fernández-Poch Núria , Fillat-Gomà Ferran , Martínez-Carreres Laia , Coderch-Navarro Sergi , Yela-Verdú Christian , Carbó-Cedán Sonia , Pelfort Xavier
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Multiple-ligament knee reconstruction techniques often involve the creation of several bone tunnels for various reconstruction grafts. A critical step in this procedure is to avoid short tunnels or convergences among them. Currently, no specific template guide to reproduce these angulations has been reported in the literature, and the success of the technique still depends on the experience of the surgeon. The aim of this study is to analyze the accuracy and reliability of 3D-printed patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) for lateral and medial anatomical knee reconstructions.

Methods

Ten cadaveric knees were scanned by computed tomography (CT). Using specific computer software, anatomical femoral attachments were identified: (1) on the lateral side the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) and the popliteal tendon (PT) and (2) on the medial side the medial collateral ligament (MCL) and the posterior oblique ligament (POL). Four bone tunnels were planned for each knee, and PSI with different directions were designed as templates to reproduce the planned tunnels during surgery. Twenty 3D-printed PSI were used: ten were tailored to the medial side for reconstructing MCL and POL tunnels, and the other ten were tailored to the lateral side for reconstructing LCL and PT tunnels. Postoperative CT scans were made for each cadaveric knee. The accuracy of the use of 3D-printed PSI was assessed by superimposing post-operative CT images onto pre-operative images and analyzing the deviation of tunnels performed based on the planning, specifically the entry point and the angular deviations.

Results

The median entry point deviations for the tunnels were as follows: LCL tunnel, 1.88 mm (interquartile range (IQR) 2.2 mm); PT tunnel, 2.93 mm (IQR 1.17 mm); MCL tunnel, 1.93 mm (IQR 4.26 mm); and POL tunnel, 2.16 mm (IQR 2.39). The median angular deviations for the tunnels were as follows: LCL tunnel, 2.42° (IQR 6.49°); PT tunnel, 4.15° (IQR 6.68); MCL tunnel, 4.50° (IQR 6.34°); and POL tunnel, 4.69° (IQR 3.1°). No statistically significant differences were found in either the entry point or the angular deviation among the different bone tunnels.

Conclusion

The use of 3D-printed PSI for lateral and medial anatomical knee reconstructions provides accurate and reproducible results and may be a promising tool for use in clinical practice.
How I manage anemia related to myelofibrosis and its treatment regimens
Authors: Verstovsek Srdan
Published: February 2023

Myelofibrosis (MF) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by mutations (most frequently in JAK2, CALR, or MPL), burdensome symptoms, splenomegaly, cytopenia, and shortened life expectancy. In addition to other clinical manifestations, patients with MF often develop anemia, which can either be directly related to MF pathogenesis or a result of MF treatment with Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, such as ruxolitinib and fedratinib. Although symptoms and clinical manifestations can be similar between the 2 anemia types, only MF-related anemia is prognostic of reduced survival. In this review, I detail treatment and patient management approaches for both types of anemia presentations and provide recommendations for the treatment of MF in the presence of anemia.
Generalized Nijenhuis Torsions and Block-Diagonalization of Operator Fields
Authors: Reyes Daniel , Tempesta Piergiulio , Tondo Giorgio
Published: February 2023

The theory of generalized Nijenhuis torsions, which extends the classical notions due to Nijenhuis and Haantjes, offers new tools for the study of normal forms of operator fields. We prove a general result ensuring that, given a family of commuting operator fields whose generalized Nijenhuis torsion of levelmvanishes, there exists a local chart where all operators can be simultaneously block-diagonalized. We also introduce the notion of generalized Haantjes algebra, consisting of operators with a vanishing higher-level torsion, as a new algebraic structure naturally generalizing standard Haantjes algebras.
Navigation and dance communication in honeybees: a cognitive perspective
Authors: Menzel Randolf
Published: February 2023

Flying insects like the honeybee experience the world as a metric layout embedded in a compass, the time-compensated sun compass. The focus of the review lies on the properties of the landscape memory as accessible by data from radar tracking and analyses of waggle dance following. The memory formed during exploration and foraging is thought to be composed of multiple elements, the aerial pictures that associate the multitude of sensory inputs with compass directions. Arguments are presented that support retrieval and use of landscape memory not only during navigation but also during waggle dance communication. I argue that bees expect landscape features that they have learned and that are retrieved during dance communication. An intuitive model of the bee’s navigation memory is presented that assumes the picture memories form a network of geographically defined locations, nodes. The intrinsic components of the nodes, particularly their generalization process leads to binding structures, the edges. In my view, the cognitive faculties of landscape memory uncovered by these experiments are best captured by the term cognitive map.
High on-aspirin treatment platelet reactivity and restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention: results of the Intracoronary Stenting and Antithrombotic Regimen-ASpirin and Platelet Inhibition (ISAR-ASPI) Registry
Authors: Mayer Katharina , Ndrepepa Gjin , Schroeter Mira , Emmer Christopher , Bernlochner Isabell , Schüpke Stefanie , Gewalt Senta , Hilz Raphaela , Coughlan John Joseph , Aytekin Alp , Heyken Clarissa , Morath Tanja , Schunkert Heribert , Laugwitz Karl-Ludwig , Sibbing Dirk , Kastrati Adnan
Published: February 2023

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the association between high on-aspirin treatment platelet reactivity (HAPR) and the subsequent risk of restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with predominantly drug-eluting stents.

Background

The association between HAPR and subsequent risk of restenosis after PCI is unclear.

Methods

This study included 4839 patients undergoing PCI (02/2007–12/2011) in the setting of the Intracoronary Stenting and Antithrombotic Regimen-ASpirin and Platelet Inhibition (ISAR-ASPI) registry. Platelet function was assessed with impedance aggregometry using the multi-plate analyzer immediately before PCI and after intravenous administration of aspirin (500 mg). The primary outcome was clinical restenosis, defined as target lesion revascularization at 1 year. Secondary outcomes included binary angiographic restenosis and late lumen loss at 6- to 8-month angiography.

Results

The upper quintile cut-off of platelet reactivity measurements (191 AU × min) was used to categorize patients into a group with HAPR (platelet reactivity > 191 AU × min; n = 952) and a group without HAPR (platelet reactivity ≤ 191 AU × min; n = 3887). The primary outcome occurred in 94 patients in the HAPR group and 405 patients without HAPR (cumulative incidence, 9.9% and 10.4%; HR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.77–1.19; P = 0.70). Follow-up angiography was performed in 73.2% of patients. There was no difference in binary restenosis (15.2% vs. 14.9%; P = 0.79) or late lumen loss (0.32 ± 0.57 vs. 0.32 ± 0.59 mm; P = 0.93) between patients with HAPR versus those without HAPR.

Conclusions

This study did not find an association between HAPR, measured at the time of PCI, and clinical restenosis at 1 year after PCI.

Graphical abstract
Twenty-year prospective cohort study of the association between a Japanese dietary pattern and incident dementia: the NILS-LSA project
Authors: Zhang Shu , Otsuka Rei , Nishita Yukiko , Tange Chikako , Tomida Makiko , Ando Fujiko , Shimokata Hiroshi , Arai Hidenori
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Evidence has suggested that adherence to a Japanese diet may be beneficial for health. However, its association with incident dementia remains unclear. The aim was to explore this association in older Japanese community-dwellers, taking apoprotein E genotype into consideration.

Methods

A 20-year follow-up cohort study involving 1504 dementia-free older Japanese community-dwellers (aged 65–82 years) living in Aichi Prefecture, Japan, was conducted. Based on a previous study, a 9-component-weighted Japanese Diet Index (wJDI9) score (range − 1 to 12) was calculated using 3-day dietary record data and used as an indicator of adherence to a Japanese diet. Incident dementia was confirmed by the Long-term Care Insurance System certificate, and dementia events occurring within the first 5 years of follow-up were excluded. A multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident dementia, and Laplace regression was used to estimate percentile differences (PDs) and 95% CIs (expressed in months) in age at incident dementia (i.e., dementia-free duration differences), according to tertiles (T1–T3) of wJDI9 scores.

Results

The median (IQR) follow-up duration was 11.4 (7.8–15.1) years. During the follow-up period, 225 (15.0%) cases of incident dementia were identified. Because the smallest prevalence of incident dementia was 10.7% for the T3 group of wJDI9 scores, to avoid inaccurately estimating the dementia-free duration of participants in the T3 group, the 11th PDs in age at incident dementia between the T1 and T3 groups of wJDI9 scores were estimated. A higher wJDI9 score was associated with a lower risk of incident dementia and a longer dementia-free duration difference. The multivariate-adjusted HR (95% CI) and 11th PDs (95% CI) in age at incident dementia for participants in the T1 vs. T3 group were 1.00 (reference) vs. 0.58 (0.40, 0.86), and 0 (reference) vs. 36.7 (9.9, 63.4) months, respectively. Each 1-point increase of the wJDI9 score was associated with a 5% lower risk of incident dementia (P value = 0.033) and 3.9 (0.3, 7.6) additional months of dementia-free duration (P value = 0.035). No differences were seen in sex or smoking status (current smoker vs. non-current smoker) at baseline.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that adherence to a Japanese diet defined by wJDI9 is associated with a lower risk of incident dementia in older Japanese community-dwellers, suggesting the benefit of the Japanese diet for dementia prevention.
Survivorship of the dual-mobility construct in elective primary total hip replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis including registry data
Authors: Gardner Andrew , Macdonald Hamish , Evans Jonathan T. , Sayers Adrian , Whitehouse Michael R.
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Dislocation is a common complication associated with total hip replacement (THR). Dual-mobility constructs (DMC-THR) may be used in high-risk patients and have design features that may reduce the risk of dislocation. We aimed to report overall pooled estimates of all-cause construct survival for elective primary DMC-THR. Secondary outcomes included unadjusted dislocation rate, revision for instability, infection and fracture.

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and National Joint Registry reports were systematically searched (CRD42020189664). Studies reporting revision (all-cause) survival estimates and confidence intervals by brand and construct including DMC bearings were included. A meta-analysis was performed weighting series by the standard error.

Results

Thirty-seven studies reporting 39 case series were identified; nine (10,494 DMC-THR) were included. Fourteen series (23,020 DMC-THR) from five national registries were included.

Pooled case series data for all-cause construct survival was 99.7% (95% CI 99.5–100) at 5 years, 95.7% (95% CI 94.9–96.5) at 10 years, 96.1% (95% CI 91.8–100) at 15 years and 77% (95% CI 74.4–82.0) at 20 years. Pooled joint registry data showed an all-cause construct survivorship of 97.8% (95% CI 97.3–98.4) at 5 years and 96.3% (95% CI 95.6–96.9) at 10 years.

Conclusions

Survivorship of DMC-THR in primary THR is acceptable according to the national revision benchmark published by National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE).
How to do a 3D uterus ultrasound?
Authors: Jonaityte Gertruda , Kagan Karl Oliver , Prodan Natalia Carmen , Hoopmann Markus
Published: February 2023

Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound is an invaluable tool in the detection and evaluation of many uterine anomalies and improves upon the traditional approach of two-dimensional (2D) ultrasonography. We aim to describe an easy way of assessing the uterine coronal plane using the basic three-dimensional ultrasound in everyday gynecological practice.
Constraints on the Nd-isotopic composition and nature of the last major influx of magma into the Bushveld Complex
Authors: Magson Justine , Roelofse Frederick , Bybee Grant , Bolhar Robert
Published: February 2023

The Pyroxenite Marker, a thin, orthopyroxene-dominated marker horizon, is observed towards the top of the Main Zone of the Bushveld Complex, where the last voluminous influx of magma into the Bushveld Complex is thought to have occurred. In an attempt to constrain the Nd-isotopic composition of the magma added at the level of the Pyroxenite Marker, a total of 21 whole-rock samples from a borehole (BH7771) drilled on the Central Sector of the Eastern Limb of the Bushveld Complex were analysed for their Sr–Nd isotopic ratios. Modelling suggests that the added magma had a unique Sr (87Sr/86Sri = 0.7063–0.7067) and Nd (ƐNdi on the order of − 5.9) isotopic composition, distinct from any of the rocks constituting the layered sequence below the Pyroxenite Marker. Dispersion of data points around the modelled isotopic (melt–melt) mixing curves is interpreted to reflect the incorporation of minerals derived from either the incoming or resident magmas into individual rock layers occurring across the Pyroxenite Marker interval, either in response to the mixing of minerals settling through a stratified magma column, or potentially through the intrusion and mixing of crystal-laden magmas with unique isotopic compositions from a sub-Bushveld staging chamber.
PMI estimation through metabolomics and potassium analysis on animal vitreous humour
Authors: Locci Emanuela , Stocchero Matteo , Gottardo Rossella , Chighine Alberto , De-Giorgio Fabio , Ferino Giulio , Nioi Matteo , Demontis Roberto , Tagliaro Franco , d’Aloja Ernesto
Published: February 2023

Introduction

The estimation of post-mortem interval (PMI) remains a major challenge in forensic science. Most of the proposed approaches lack the reliability required to meet the rigorous forensic standards.

Objectives

We applied 1H NMR metabolomics to estimate PMI on ovine vitreous humour comparing the results with the actual scientific gold standard, namely vitreous potassium concentrations.

Methods

Vitreous humour samples were collected in a time frame ranging from 6 to 86 h after death. Experiments were performed by using 1H NMR metabolomics and ion capillary analysis. Data were submitted to multivariate statistical data analysis.

Results

A multivariate calibration model was built to estimate PMI based on 47 vitreous humour samples. The model was validated with an independent test set of 24 samples, obtaining a prediction error on the entire range of 6.9 h for PMI < 24 h, 7.4 h for PMI between 24 and 48 h, and 10.3 h for PMI > 48 h. Time-related modifications of the 1H NMR vitreous metabolomic profile could predict PMI better than potassium up to 48 h after death, whilst a combination of the two is better than the single approach for higher PMI estimation.

Conclusion

The present study, although in a proof-of-concept animal model, shows that vitreous metabolomics can be a powerful tool to predict PMI providing a more accurate estimation compared to the widely studied approach based on vitreous potassium concentrations.
Online mental health training program for male-dominated organisations: a pre-post pilot study assessing feasibility, usability, and preliminary effectiveness
Authors: Stratton Elizabeth , Player Michael J. , Glozier Nick
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The emergence of digital health interventions for mental ill-health in the workplace is expansive. Digital interventions delivered in male-dominated settings are less so. This pilot study aimed to assess the usability, feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of an online intervention in a male-dominated organization. We focus on male-dominated as mental ill-health is frequently unrecognized and underdiagnosed among males.

Methods

Unwind, a 7-week internet-based program with stress-management components, was tested in a pre-post pilot study. Unwind gets users to identify and understand their stress triggers and assists them to develop adaptive ways to manage these and their stress. Participants were Australian adults employed in a mining company. Follow-up assessment occurred 8 weeks after baseline. The primary outcome measure was change in stress symptoms, with secondary outcomes; change in depression, anxiety, insomnia, well-being, and alcohol use. User feedback and program data were analyzed to assess usability, engagement, and intervention adherence.

Results

Eligible participants n = 87 showed significant reductions in stress (g = 0.46, p < 0.001), depression (g = 0.47, p < 0.001), anxiety (g = 0.50, p < 0.001), insomnia (g = 0.44, p < 0.001), and well-being (g = 0.32, p = 0.004) post-intervention. Significant improvements were observed in both well and unwell (mental ill-health) and male and female participants. There was no gender effect on outcomes. A dose–response was observed as the number of modules used was related positively to improvement in anxiety (F1,86 = 5.735, p = 0.019; R2 = 0.25). Overall users rated Unwind as useful and engaging.

Conclusion

This study presents evidence base that Unwind is a feasible and acceptable approach to reducing employees’ mental health-related symptoms in typically difficult-to-reach male-dominated industries. Unwind is feasible for larger scale delivery within male-dominated industries.
Biased $$2 \times 2$$ periodic Aztec diamond and an elliptic curve
Authors: Borodin Alexei , Duits Maurice
Published: February 2023

We study random domino tilings of the Aztec diamond with a biased $$2 \times 2$$

2
×
2

periodic weight function and associate a linear flow on an elliptic curve to this model. Our main result is a double integral formula for the correlation kernel, in which the integrand is expressed in terms of this flow. For special choices of parameters the flow is periodic, and this allows us to perform a saddle point analysis for the correlation kernel. In these cases we compute the local correlations in the smooth disordered (or gaseous) region. The special example in which the flow has period six is worked out in more detail, and we show that in that case the boundary of the rough disordered region is an algebraic curve of degree eight.
Increased brick ratio in urban substrates has a marginal effect on tree saplings
Authors: Bauer Markus , Krause Martin , Heizinger Valentin , Kollmann Johannes
Published: February 2023

From construction and demolition of buildings, brick wastes accumulate in large quantities and are difficult to recycle. Re-using bricks as planting substrate could partly substitute gravel or other raw materials, and would reduce deposition of bricks in landfills. High water-holding capacity and a high specific surface of such substrates are beneficial for plant growth, while high pH could be a disadvantage. This study focuses on potential effects of brick-based substrates on survival, growth and functional traits of two urban trees (Acer platanoides, Tilia cordata). We compared the effects of brick quantity (5 vs. 30%), pre-treatment with phosphoric acid, nutrient-poor vs. -rich soil, and mycorrhiza inoculation upon saplings in two greenhouse experiments. There were no effects on survival, while a high brick ratio slightly reduced growth of A. platanoides and its branching in nutrient-rich soil, and tend to increase the root-to-shoot ratio in both species. The acid pre-treatment caused negative effects on relative growth rate of A. platanoides. Mycorrhiza inoculation had a tendency for a positive effect on growth in T. cordata, but only with 5% brick ratio. Overall, the brick-based substrates have no clear effect on the study species. Thus, bricks can be recommended as a neutral component within constructed Technosols, and can be used to modify grain size distribution without negative effects on survival, growth and performance, while further studies are needed on bricks with cement and gypsum contaminations.
Screening for affective dysregulation in school-aged children: relationship with comprehensive measures of affective dysregulation and related mental disorders
Authors: Treier A.-K. , Döpfner M. , Ravens-Sieberer U. , Görtz-Dorten A. , Boecker M. , Goldbeck C. , Banaschewski T. , Aggensteiner P.-M. , Hanisch C. , Ritschel A. , Kölch M. , Daunke A. , Roessner V. , Kohls G. , Kaman A. ,   for the ADOPT Consortium, Aggensteiner Pascal-Maurice , Banaschewski Tobias , Bernheim Dorothee , Bienioschek Stefanie , Boecker Maren , Brandeis Daniel , Daunke Andrea , Döpfner Manfred , Fegert Jörg M. , Frenk Franziska , Giller Franziska , Ginsberg Claudia , Goldbeck Carolina , Görtz-Dorten Anja , Groh Monja , Hanisch Charlotte , Hellmich Martin , Hohmann Sarah , Holz Nathalie , Igel Christine , Junghänel Michaela , Kaiser Anna , Kaman Anne , Katmer-Amet Betül , Katzmann Josepha , Kölch Michael , Millenet Sabina , Mücke Kristina , Ravens-Sieberer Ulrike , Ritschel Anne , Roessner Veit , Schreiner Anne , Schroth Jennifer , Schüller Anne , Steiner Marie-Therese , Steiner Marion , Treier Anne-Katrin , Uhlmann Anne , Winkler Matthias , Zaplana Sara
Published: February 2023

Affective dysregulation (AD) is characterized by irritability, severe temper outbursts, anger, and unpredictable mood swings, and is typically classified as a transdiagnostic entity. A reliable and valid measure is needed to adequately identify children at risk of AD. This study sought to validate a parent-rated screening questionnaire, which is part of the comprehensive Diagnostic Tool for Affective Dysregulation in Children (DADYS-Screen), by analyzing relationships with comprehensive measures of AD and related mental disorders in a community sample of children with and without AD. The sample comprised 1114 children aged 8–12 years and their parents. We used clinical, parent, and child ratings for our analyses. Across all raters, the DADYS-Screen showed large correlations with comprehensive measures of AD. As expected, correlations were stronger for measures of externalizing symptoms than for measures of internalizing symptoms. Moreover, we found negative associations with emotion regulation strategies and health-related quality of life. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, the DADYS-Screen adequately identified children with AD and provided an optimal cut-off. We conclude that the DADYS-Screen appears to be a reliable and valid measure to identify school-aged children at risk of AD.
Laser acupuncture improving functional chronic constipation in children: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Abd El Azeem Amany M. , Alsharnoubi Jehan , Abd El-Rahman Mohamed Marwa
Published: February 2023

Functional chronic constipation (FCC) is a disorder caused by low fiber consumption, lack of fluid intake, lack of mobility, or side effects of medications. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of laser acupuncture and the commonly used osmotic laxative, lactulose (as the control), both combined with behavioral therapy and dietary modification, on children with FCC in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Forty children were randomly chosen, aged 5–15 years with FCC, and randomized into two equal groups (gender ratio (50% male; 50% female), mean ± SD weight (24.2 ± 6.27 kg and 25.7 ± 7.47 kg for groups A and B, respectively)). Study group (group A): used laser acupuncture (650 nm), 30 mW, 0.15 cm2 spot size, 90 s per acupuncture point (ST25, ST36, ST37, BL25, and LI11). Control group (group B): lactulose syrup (1 to 3 mL/kg/day) orally, in divided doses 3 times weekly for 4 weeks, and behavioral training for both groups. Evaluations were conducted before and after the study to assess the efficacy of the therapy. Median value frequency significantly increased in groups A and B post-treatment (4 (6.75–3) and 3 (3.75–2), respectively) compared to pre-treatment (2 (2–1) and 2 (2–0.25), respectively) (p = 0.0001), in favor of group A (p = 0.01). Significant improvement of stool consistency according to Bristol stool scale (BSS) in groups A and B (p = 0.0001), (p = 0.002) respectively in favor of group A (p = 0.03). T-test, Fisher, and Wilcoxon signed rank tests were conducted to compare groups. Non-invasive, painless laser acupuncture therapy can be considered as an alternative therapy for patients with FCC.
Comparative effects of biopesticides on fall armyworm management and larval parasitism rates in northern Ghana
Authors: Agboyi Lakpo Koku , Nboyine Jerry Asalma , Asamani Ebenezer , Beseh Patrick , Badii Benjamin K. , Kenis Marc , Babendreier Dirk
Published: February 2023

The outbreak of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, in Africa has led to several recommendations of insecticides, including biopesticides. However, the effects of these products on the environment, especially on parasitoids have not been assessed under field conditions. Here, we investigated the effect of commonly used biopesticides on S. frugiperda management and larval parasitoids of S. frugiperda in northern Ghana. The experiments were conducted both on-station in Wa and Nyankpala and on-farm in Wa during the 2020 rainy season. Active ingredients tested included neem oil (3% Azadirachtin), maltodextrin (282 g/l), 55% Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) combined with 45% Monosultap, and a Pieris rapae granulosis virus combined with 5% Bt. A chemical insecticide based on emamectin benzoate and acetamiprid was used as positive control while non-treated maize plots were considered as untreated control. The two most abundant parasitoids in Wa were Coccygidium luteum and Chelonus bifoveolatus, while in Nyankpala they were C. luteum and Meteorus sp. Total larval parasitism rates on-station were 18.7% and 17.6% in Wa and Nyankpala, respectively, and 8.8% in Wa on-farm. Parasitoid species diversity and evenness indexes did not vary among treatments, but parasitism rates were significantly lower with the chemical on-station in Wa and with the virus and Bt product in Nyankpala. Untreated maize plots showed the highest larval density and plant damage, the highest cob damage, and generated the lowest yields. The other treatments showed hardly any difference in cob damage and yields, suggesting that biopesticides should be preferred over chemical pesticides for S. frugiperda control.
Zur Vereinbarkeit von vorzeitigem Baubeginn und Naturschutz: Zwischen realpolitischer Hektik und rechtsstaatlichen Grundsätzen
Authors: Roth Maximilian
Published: February 2023

Der vorzeitige Baubeginn ist in etlichen Fachplanungsrechten seit geraumer Zeit normiert, gewinnt
aber erst in der jüngeren Vergangenheit eine deutlich wahrnehmbare und auch mediale Beachtung. Nach
einer Einführung in das Instrument des vorzeitigen Baubeginns (1.) sollen drei aktuelle Beispiele
vorgestellt (2.), ehe die Tatbestandsmerkmale (3.) auf deren Einschlag in naturschutzrechtliche Belange
(4.) untersucht und hinsichtlich der drei Beispiele kritisch reflektiert werden. Ein Abriss über
rechtsstaatliche Grundsätze (5.) und ihre Geltung auch in Zeiten realpolitischer Hektik (6.) runden
den Beitrag mit einem Ausblick (7.) ab.
Left atrial longitudinal strain analysis in long Covid-19 syndrome
Authors: ZeinElabdeen Shimaa Gamal , Sherif Abdelsalam , Kandil Nader Talaat , Altabib Abdalaali Mohammed Omar , abdelrashid Mahmoud Abdelaziz
Published: February 2023

It is known that during the active course of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), myocardial injury has an established pathological base, while its myocardial injury post-recovery is still obscured.The aim of this study was to evaluate the longitudinal left atrial strain (LAS) using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) in COVID-19-recovered patients who are previously healthy without confounder comorbidities to detect the potential cardiac dysfunction.200 patients were prospectively included and examined 4?12 weeks after recovery from COVID-19 infection. 137 participants with comorbidities or previous history of cardiopulmonary disease were excluded from the analysis. A total of 63 patients who fulfilled our inclusion criteria were recruited into two groups according to thepresence or absence of persistent dyspnoea and exercise intolerance. Clinical, laboratory & comprehensive echocardiographic examinations were done for all. We observed that 31.7% of the previously healthy individuals developed dyspnoea & exercise intolerance post-COVID-19 infection. There were significantly impaired LAS parameters in the symptomatic group (LA reservoir, contraction & conduit strain, 22.7%, -6.6% & -16.1% versus 40%, -12%, and ? 27% in the asymptomatic group with P < 0.000). Only LA reservoir strain and LA stiffness can independently predict the development of dyspnoea & exercise intolerance post-COVID-19 at cut-off values of 30% & 24.5% respectively with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 91%, P < 0.001. These impaired LAS parameters could explain the developed symptoms post-COVID-19 recovery, even before disturbed conventional diastolic echocardiographic parameters.LAS parameters are significantly associated with the developed exertional dyspnoea & exercise intolerance post-COVID-19. LA reservoir strain & LA stiffness could provide a simple, easily available tool that points to early LV diastolic dysfunction and may direct the therapy in this subset of the population.
PM2.5 exposure increases dry eye disease risks through corneal epithelial inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunctions
Authors: Yu Donghui , Cai Wenting , Shen Tianyi , Wu Yan , Ren Chengda , Li Tingting , Hu Chengyu , Zhu Meijiang , Yu Jing
Published: February 2023

Dry eye disease (DED) is the most common disease affecting vision and quality of life. PM2.5 was a potential risk of DED. Herein, we conducted animal exposure and cell-based studies to evaluate the pathogenic effect of PM2.5 exposure on the ocular surface and DED etiological mechanisms. C57 mice were exposed to filtered air and PM2.5 aerosol. We assessed health conditions and inflammation of the ocular surface by corneal fluorescein staining and immunohistochemistry. In parallel, cultured human corneal epithelial cells (HCETs) were treated with PM2.5, followed by characterization of cell viability, intracellular ATP level, mitochondrial activities, and expression level of DED relevant mRNA and proteins. In mice, PM2.5 exposure induced severe superficial punctate keratopathy and inflammation in their cornea. In HCETs, cell proliferation and ROS generation followed dose-response and time-dependent manner; meanwhile, mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) level increased and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) level decreased. Inflammation cascade was triggered even after short-term exposure. The reduction of ATP production was alleviated with Nrf2 overexpression, NF-κB P65 knockdown, or ROS clearance. Nrf2 overexpression and P65 knockdown reduced inflammatory reaction through decreasing expression of P65 and increasing of Nrf2, respectively. They partly alleviated changes of ROS/mtROS/MMP. This research proved that PM2.5 would cause DED-related inflammation reaction on corneal epithelial cells and further explored its mechanism: ROS from mitochondrial dysfunctions of corneal epithelial cells after PM2.5 exposure partly inhibited the expression of anti-inflammatory protein Nrf2 led the activation of inflammatory protein P65 and its downstream molecules, which finally caused inflammation reaction.

Graphical abstract
Environmental assessment of the Ecuadorian cocoa value chain with statistics-based LCA
Authors: Avadí Angel
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Cocoa is one of the main crops grown in Ecuador. The agricultural area dedicated to cocoa represents the largest area dedicated to a permanent crop the country. Dry bean production has grown at an average annual rate of 15% since 2014, mainly due to yield improvements and replacement of other crops. Several varieties of cocoa are grown, but production is dominated by two main varieties: “Cacao Fino y de Aroma” and clonal varieties (dominated by CCN-51). Cocoa, mainly in monocrop systems, is mainly produced on the Ecuadorian Coast (but also in the Highlands and Amazonia). This study presents a statistics-based LCA of the Ecuadorian cocoa value chain.

Material and methods

LCIs representing the various types of systems in each link of the value chain—i.e. the various types of farming systems, processing and distribution—were constructed in terms of representative production units. Sub-chains centred on different cocoa varieties and value-adding strategies were identified. Primary and secondary data were collected for the most representative system types, as defined in the actor typologies. Primary data were obtained via field visits and surveys, while secondary data were obtained mainly from statistical datasets of the National Institute of Statistics and Census. Impacts were computed following the European Commission's Product Environmental Footprint, while soil carbon turnover was modelled using RothC.

Results and discussion

Identified types of producers are subsistence and entrepreneurial small, medium, and large. Two post-harvest strategies were modelled: a volume-oriented one and a quality-oriented one. The main sub-chains identified are the volume/commodity-oriented one (which is dominantly based on cocoa which either does not undergo post-harvest, or which undergoes volume-oriented post-harvest activities) and the quality-oriented one. Across producer types, irrigation and negative direct field emissions are the most important factors, followed in importance by total energy consumption. Post-harvest and processing activities are dominated by energy expenditures. Sub-chains feature significantly different intensity of impacts, with the volume-oriented sub-chain (i.e. those privileging quantity over quality) featuring lower impacts than the quality-oriented ones.

Conclusions

The impacts of the value chain are comparatively lower, at least regarding climate change, than in other producing countries. Its agricultural phase generally exhibits low input pressure, contributes to climate change mitigation through high C sequestration in biomass that exceeds C losses due to land use change (e.g. deforestation), and does not seem to pose an immediate threat to biodiversity. Improvement initiatives do not necessarily imply intensification of production.
Impulsivity Predicts Relapse—but Not Dropout—in Outpatients with SUD: a Longitudinal Study
Authors: Lozano-Rojas Óscar M. , Gómez-Bujedo Jesús , Pérez-Moreno Pedro J. , Lorca-Marín José Andrés , Vera Belén del Valle , Moraleda-Barreno Enrique
Published: February 2023

The objective of this study was to compare performance on a comprehensive impulsivity battery of SUD outpatients who dropout versus those who do not dropout and of abstainers versus relapsers at 3 and 12 months of treatment follow-up. Impulsivity was measured at the start of treatment and adherence and relapse at 3 and 12 months. The participants are 115 outpatients with SUD. Motor impulsivity (Affective Go/No Go), attentional impulsivity (Stroop), delay discounting (Monetary Choice Questionnaire; MCQ), and decision making (Iowa Gambling Task; IGT) were assessed. Impulsivity was not associated with dropout. There were no relationships between treatment outcomes and the MCQ and IGT. Stroop and affective Go-No Go were associated with relapse at 3 and 12 months. Affective motor disinhibition and cognitive disinhibition predict relapse in outpatients. No cognitive aspect of impulsiveness is related to dropout.
Effect of Whole Cluster Fermentation on Phenolics in Cold-Hardy Hybrid Wines
Authors: Gapinski Alexander D. , Horton Andrew C. , Watrelot Aude A.
Published: February 2023

Generally, red wines made from cold-hardy hybrid grapes have much lower tannin content than Vitis vinifera wines and they are often perceived as being of lower quality. This study evaluated the chemistry and sensory perception of whole-cluster (WC) fermented “Frontenac” and “Marquette” red wines from Iowa (F-ISU, M-ISU) and “Marquette” red wines from Minnesota (M-UMN). Three conditions were compared: Control 0% WC (w/w), 25% WC (w/w), and 50% WC (w/w). The 50% WC wines had significantly higher iron-reactive phenolics, tannin, and anthocyanin contents than control wines. The color intensity in 50% WC wines was maintained after 4 months of aging. A tasting evaluation was conducted with the “Marquette” wines from both states and untrained panelists preferred 50% WC “Marquette” wines over control wines. This study showed promising results on the use of 50% (w/w) whole clusters as a pre-fermentative technique to improve “Marquette” and “Frontenac” red wine quality.
Earliest versus other autobiographical memories of school-age children
Authors: Kangaslampi Samuli
Published: February 2023

Earliest memories have been the topic of scientific research for over a century and seen use as tools of clinical assessment. Still, it remains unclear whether they are in some way distinct or revealing about the person reporting them. This preregistered study examined whether children’s self-reported earliest memories differ from other memories, and how their features link with mood and gender. Urban 9–13-year-old children in Finland (N = 166) reported on their earliest memory and another old autobiographical memory, and mood. Memories were coded for specificity, thematic content, social orientation, and emotional content. No differences between earliest and other memories were noted in specificity, trauma- and accident-related content, or emotional content. However, earliest memories had more play- and less visit-related content and were less likely to be social. Negative mood did not generally correlate with features of memories. Girls reported more social earliest and other memories, and more positive earliest memories. The findings are compared to research in other cultural environments. Overall, they do not support a privileged position for the earliest memory as an object of scientific research or clinical assessment.
Local structure and magnetic properties of a nanocrystalline Mn-rich Cantor alloy thin film down to the atomic scale
Authors: Smekhova Alevtina , Kuzmin Alexei , Siemensmeyer Konrad , Luo Chen , Taylor James , Thakur Sangeeta , Radu Florin , Weschke Eugen , Buzanich Ana Guilherme , Xiao Bin , Savan Alan , Yusenko Kirill V. , Ludwig Alfred
Published: February 2023

The huge atomic heterogeneity of high-entropy materials along with a possibility to unravel the behavior of individual components at the atomic scale suggests a great promise in designing new compositionally complex systems with the desired multi-functionality. Herein, we apply multi-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD)) to probe the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of all individual constituents in the single-phase face-centered cubic (fcc)-structured nanocrystalline thin film of Cr20Mn26Fe18Co19Ni17 (at.%) high-entropy alloy on the local scale. The local crystallographic ordering and component-dependent lattice displacements were explored within the reverse Monte Carlo approach applied to EXAFS spectra collected at the K absorption edges of several constituents at room temperature. A homogeneous short-range fcc atomic environment around the absorbers of each type with very similar statistically averaged interatomic distances (2.54–2.55 Å) to their nearest-neighbors and enlarged structural relaxations of Cr atoms were revealed. XANES and XMCD spectra collected at the L2,3 absorption edges of all principal components at low temperature from the oxidized and in situ cleaned surfaces were used to probe the oxidation states, the changes in the electronic structure, and magnetic behavior of all constituents at the surface and in the sub-surface volume of the film. The spin and orbital magnetic moments of Fe, Co, and Ni components were quantitatively evaluated. The presence of magnetic phase transitions and the co-existence of different magnetic phases were uncovered by conventional magnetometry in a broad temperature range.