bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serotonin, 5‐Hiaa, Total Estrogen and Pregnanediol Excretion in Urine During Therapeutic Saline Abortion
Authors: Fuchs K. , Peretz B. A. , Pfeifer Y. , Sulman F. G.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. In 24 patients, who underwent therapeutic abortion for various reasons between the 17th and 26th week of pregnancy, urinary excretion of serotonin, 5‐HIAA, total estrogens, and pregnanediol were measured before, during and after the intra‐amniotic injection of hypertonic saline. 20% hypertonic saline solution (160–500 ml) was given by transabdominal injection over a period of 5 min. The four hormones or metabolites were measured during six periods: I: 12‐ 24 hrs, and II: 0‐12 hrs before saline administration, III: 0‐12 hrs after saline administration, IV: 0‐12 hrs during abortion, V: 0‐12 hrs and VI: 12‐24 hrs after abortion. The results point to the active participation of serotonin in the process of fetal expulsion, as serotonin was increased by over 100% (from 20‐22 to 43‐47 μg/12 hrs) during periods III‐IV, and its metabolite 5‐HIAA, too, increased by nearly 60% (from 2.4‐2.5 to 3.3‐3.9 mg/12 hrs). They decreased during the post‐abortive periods V‐VI. On the other hand, total estrogens decreased only slowly, but continuously, during all 6 periods (4.9, 4.3, 3.4, 3.1, 1.8 and 1.4 mg/12 hrs). Pregnanediol, beginning with 12 mg/12 hrs showed a slight increase during periods III‐IV (14.5 and 15.6 mg/12 hrs) and a decrease during periods V‐VI (8.0 and 5.8 mg/12 hrs). These findings are interpreted as indicating the disruption of feto‐placental function affecting estrogens during periods III‐VI. They might demonstrate an accelerated hydrogenation of progesterone into pregnanediol during periods III‐IV, followed by a sharp decrease in progesterone/pregnanediol production during periods V‐VI.
Immunohistochemical Demonstration of Chorionic Gonadotrophin in Trophoblastic Tumors
Authors: Gärtner Anders , Larsson Lars‐Inge , Sjöberg Nils‐Otto
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Chorionic gonadotrophin has immunohisto‐chemically been localized to trophoblastic tissue. In normal placenta immunoreactivity was found in syncytiotrophoblastic cells. However, in trophoblastic neoplasms, chorioadenoma destruens and choriocarcinoma, the hormone was also found in cytotrophoblastic cells. The tumor cells showing immunoreactivity appeared to have distinct light microscopic features.
Recents Observations: Perforation of the Uterus by the Copper‐T and Copper‐7 Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices
Authors: Cederqvist Lars L. , Lindhe Bengt‐Åke , Fuchs Fritz
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Uterine perforation in patients wearing the Copper‐T and the Copper‐7 intrauterine contraceptive devices has been studied. In Bollnäs, Sweden, three perforations occurred in 1156 insertions of the Copper‐7, and in New York, USA, six perforations occurred in 1153 insertions of the Copper‐T. Cervical perforation seems to be a special feature of the Copper‐T, while the Copper‐7 tends to perforate through the uterine wall. The perforations can be divided into “primary” perforations, related to the insertion procedure, and “secondary” perforations, caused by uterine contractions. The diagnosis and treatment of uterine perforations by intrauterine devices is discussed.
The Relationship Between the Cephalo‐Pedal Progress of Clinical Icterus and the Serum Bilirubin Concentration in Newborn Infants Without Blood Type Sensitization
Authors: Ebbesen Finn
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The correlation between the cephalo‐pedal progress of clinical icterus and the serum bilirubin concentration was examined in newborn infants without blood type sensitization. In daylight, 374 observations were made, 290 on 121 mature infants and 84 on 24 premature infants. The investigation showed that a caudad progress of icterus corresponded with an increasing serum bilirubin concentration within certain intervals. The observation of how far icterus had progressed can thus be helpful in the clinical evaluation of the serum bilirubin concentration, and repeated observations can demonstrate whether icterus progresses, showing that the concentration is increasing. The same relationship was found in respect of all the infants with the exception of the two smallest (birth weight ≥1000 g). They were icteric on the feet at lower concentrations than the other infants. Furthermore, the relationship did not depend on which day the observations were made. It was not necessary to determine the bilirubin concentration until icterus had progressed to below the knees, as a concentration ≥110 mg/l corresponded to all observations in which the lower limit of icterus was found proximal to the knees. However, in the small premature infants it would have been reasonable to measure the concentration when icterus had reached the area below umbilicus.
Correlation Between Human Chorionic Somatomammotropin and Placental Weight
Authors: Rolschau J. , Date J. , Kristoffersen K. , Pedersen G. Thomsen , Ulrich M.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Human chorionic somatomammotropin concentration in serum (S‐HCS) during the latter half of pregnancy was measured by radioimmunoassay and correlated to the placental weight, in two groups of normal, healthy, pregnant women. In one group, 228 samples from 47 women were examined, which gives a longitudinal series. In the other group, single samples from each of 346 pregnant women were examined, which gives a cross‐sectional series. Both groups were randomized on the basis of a prospective selection. The mean values of S‐HCS in each week of gestation were almost identical in the two groups, showing a steady increase until 37‐38 weeks and a subsequent decrease. In the longitudinal series there was a positive correlation between the S‐HCS and placental weight after 37 weeks' gestation, but not before that time. Before 37 weeks gestation the ratio S‐HCS/placental weight was significantly higher with small placentae than with large placentae. This difference between small and large placentae disappeared after 37 weeks. These results point to the existence of some regulatory mechanism tending to keep the S‐HCS concentration within certain limits, independent of placental weight. This mechanism appears to be lost after 37 weeks of gestation when the S‐HCS concentration starts to correlate with placental weight.
The Frequency of Fetal Bradycardia During Selective Epidural Anaesthesia
Authors: Maltau Jan Martin
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The frequency of marked fetal bradycardia (FB) during selective lumbar epidural anaesthesia with 0.25% or 0.5% bupivacaine (Marcain®, Bofors) without adrenaline in doses of 5 ml to 8 ml is reported. 35 patients were monitored by means of the Hewlett‐Packard Cardiotocograph with Hon's spiral scalp electrode and a transcervical catheter connected to a Hewlett‐Packard (1280 B/C) physiological pressure transducer. Only patients with a normal cardiotocogram (CTG) before anaesthesia are included. During the second stage pathological fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns and technical artefacts are common, therefore the CTGs recorded in this period were not considered. In the 35 patients the total time of intrauterine monitoring was 119 hours. During this period 125 doses of 0.25% and 23 doses of 0.5% bupivacaine were given. In 33 parturients the FHR changes observed were insignificant. In one case a period of marked FB was seen. One parturient developed acute hypotension with a synchronous FB while lying in the supine position. It is concluded that continuous lumbar epidural anaesthesia with bupivacaine without adrenaline does not precipitate FB during the first stage when care is taken to avoid maternal hypotension.
Antibodies to Herpesvirus Hominis Types 1 and 2 Among Women with Neoplastic Change of Uterine Cervix
Authors: Peltonen Raili
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The occurrence of antibodies to herpesvirus hominis types 1 and 2 was studied in Finland among patients with a neoplastic change of the uterine cervix. The following groups were studied: 220 patients with malignant or premalignant lesions of the uterine cervix, 143 control patients matched for age, socioeconomic level, marital status, home district and number of deliveries and 82 patients with breast or stomach cancer. Antibodies to HVH types 1 and 2 were determined using the neutralization test. Sera showing an index of ≥100 were accepted as positive to type 1 and those of ≤85 as positive to type 2. Among patients with a neoplastic change of the uterine cervix the frequency of type 1 antibodies varied between 70% and 79%. In the control group the frequency was 84% and among patients with some other malignancy 91%. These differences in the frequencies of type 1 antibody were not statistically significant. Type 2 antibodies were present in 35 to 47% among dysplasia and malignancy of the cervix. In the control group it was 18% and in other malignancies 20%. The differences between these groups and the controls were almost significant, significant and highly significant, respectively. Differences could also be observed in the distribution of neutralization indexes. The average index calculated from all sera was 48 both in the control group and in the group of other malignancies, while in sera of patients with dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma the respective values were 70, 66 and 79.

The results are discussed in terms of the role of herpesvirus hominis type 2 in the development of cervical cancer.
Studies in Cholestasis of Pregnancy
Authors: Samsioe G. , Svendsen P. , Johnson P. , Gustafson A.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Women from an earlier series of cholestasis of pregnancy (CP) were called for a retrospective study to consider presence of gallstones in the gallbladder (evaluated by cholecystography), liver function tests, serum lipids and lipoproteins and the relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin (as determined by GLC). The attendance in the retrospective study was 60%. Estimated on the total series (assuming that none of the non‐responders would have a positive X‐ray), the incidence of gallbladder disease was 23.7%. Among women with previous cholestasis of pregnancy and with a positive X‐ray finding no characteristic changes in liver function tests or serum lipids were revealed. The women with positive X‐ray had, however, a lower α‐lipoprotein cholesterol than women with negative X‐ray. A characteristic finding among women with positive X‐ray was furthermore the low relative content of palmitic acid (16:0) in serum lecithin. Also women with negative X‐ray had a lower relative content of palmitic acid than controls. It is suggested that the low palmitic acid content is expressive of an influence on liver lecithin synthesis pathways and that the serum lecithin fatty acid composition reflects similar changes in bile lecithin. The “basic defect” in CP influencing liver lecithin synthesis might be the primary cause for disturbed cholesterol solubility in bile and of the frequent occurrence of gallstones in CP.
Physiological Role of Meconium During Delivery
Authors: Seppälä Markku , Aho Ilkka
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Women with green amniotic fluid (N=495) delivered more quickly after membrane rupture (mean 2.7 h) than 495 controls with normal‐coloured amniotic fluid (mean 4.6 h), whereas the labour in the first group lasted longer prior to membrane rupture. This difference was not caused by active treatment, difference in the gestational age or size of the infants. In the light of our previous findings of immunoreactive oxytocin in meconium, our results may suggest that meconium serves as a fetal reservoir of biologically active compounds emptied into the amniotic fluid to expedite the termination of labour in fetal distress.
Serum Lipids During Oestradiol‐Valerate/Norgestrel Treatment of Menopausal Women
Authors: Christensen Niels Chr. , Davidsen Paul Chr. , Secher Niels J. , Pedersen Gunnar Thomsen
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Thirty‐three women aged 38–56 years, all with menopausal complaints, were treated after randomization during three cycles either with oestradiolvalerate/norgestrel sequential therapy or a placebo and then during three cycles with the opposite drug. Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, glycerol as well as plasma FFA and lipoprotein electrophoresis were studied before the institution of treatment, after each cycle, and 4 weeks after the intake of the last tablet. During the treatment period the triglyceride level was significantly lower than during the placebo period, whereas no changes occurred in other parameters. The decrease was at a maximum after 8 weeks' treatment; 4 weeks after the discontinuation of treatment the levels were as before its institution. It cannot be decided whether the decrease was due to the natural oestrogen or to the gestagen.
An Improved Method of Epidural Analgesia with Reduced Instrumental Delivery Rate
Authors: Matouskova A. , Dottori O. , Forssman L. , Victorin L.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A detailed study on a modified technique of epidural analgesia (EDA) for pain relief in obstetrics has been performed. The aim of the modifications was to reduce the number of instrumental deliveries and at the same time to make the delivery as smooth as possible for the baby. This was achieved by the use of an anaesthetic with a favourable ratio between neonatal and maternal plasma levels (Bupivacaine) in low concentration (0.25 %). A special technique of injection enabled us to limit the extent of the blockade. An epidural catheter was inserted between L2 and L3 and moved upwards 20 cm into the epidural space. 8–10 ml of the solution was then injected after a test dose. The blockade was continued by the repeated injection of smaller doses. As judged by the skin anaesthetic zones and by obstetric examinations, the patient was gradually positioned, during labour, from supine to half‐sitting. The catheter was withdrawn at the end of the first stage of labour so that the lower sacral segments could be blocked. A group of 100 patients treated with the technique described was followed. The number of instrumental deliveries in the present series (15%) was significantly lower than in similar series reported in the literature. The group of 100 patients treated with modified EDA was also compared with 100 control patients who received only conventional treatment without EDA. There were no differences in the number of abnormal presentations, while the number of caesarean sections and cases of atonic post‐partum bleeding was insignificantly lower in the EDA group. The difference in the number of instrumental deliveries—although somewhat higher in the EDA group—was not statistically significant. The total length of labour was prolonged in the EDA group but EDA was not necessarily responsible for this undesired effect. The clinical status of the babies was found to be better after EDA than in the control group, as judged from Apgar score. Furthermore, fetal bradycardia was significantly reduced with EDA. It is concluded that EDA, as used in this study, not only is a preferable way of achieving pain relief in the mother but also offers a means of facilitating the birth process for the infant, reducing the incidence of pre‐ and post‐natal asphyxia.
Uterine Size Measured by Ultrasound During the Menstrual Cycle
Authors: Piiroinen O. , Kaihola H.‐L.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. In the following study changes in the size of non‐pregnant uterus were measured by B‐scan ultrasonography. Uterine size in different stages of the menstrual cycle was measured ultrasonically in 16 women, whose periods were confirmed to be ovulatory, both by basal body temperature (BBT) and by the radioimmunological measurement of plasma estradiol and progesterone. It was established that the size of the uterus grows significantly towards the end of the menstrual cycle. In addition to the above‐mentioned, the examination was performed on a woman of child‐bearing age with disturbances in her menstrual cycle. Hormone measurements indicated that her period was anovulatory. No typical uterine growth characteristic of ovulatory cycles could be observed.
Hyperparathyroidism and Pregnancy
Authors: Pedersen Niels Thorsgaard , Permin Henrik
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A 28‐year‐old gravida III, with a history of two unsuccessful pregnancies, was admitted with hyperemesis gravidarum and was found to be suffering from hyperparathyroidism (HPT). She was treated surgically and was later delivered of a wellformed, premature girl. The literature is reviewed and the histories of 40 females (including the patient of this case report) with a minimum of 93 pregnancies while suffering from HPT shows, that HPT during pregnancy is a serious condition for the fetus as well as for the mother. There was an increased incidence of spontaneous abortion, perinatal death, premature birth and neonatal morbidity. The mothers suffered from increased episodes of renal calculi and hyperemesis gravidarum. The exacerbations nearly always occurred in the first and second trimesters or post partum.
Tubal Pregnancy Treated by Salpingectomy Using Operative Culdoscopy
Authors: Timor‐Tritsch I. , Paldi E.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A case of unruptured Ampullary pregnancy in the 7th postmenstrual week is presented, which was diagnosed and treated at the same time by operative culdoscopy. The indication and advantages of this method are discussed.
Diffuse Vaginal Adenosis
Authors: Hansen Kristen , Egholm Mogens
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Diffuse vaginal adenosis is a rare disease presenting severe symptoms and difficult to treat. It has not previously been described in the Scandinavian literature. Three typical cases are reported, two in children of 14 years and one in a woman of 20 years, who were all treated for imperforate hymen and haematocolpos. None of the patients had been subjected to oestrogen treatment in utero. The colposcopic findings are very characteristic and are described in relation to the histological examination. The pathogenesis, treatment and risk of malignant transformation are discussed.
ENDOGENOUS PROSTAGLANDINS AND SPONTANEOUS DELIVERY
Authors: Wiqvist N. , Bygdeman M. , Gréen K. , Lundström V.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The finding that exogenous prostaglandins have a potent and specific stimulatory action on uterine contractility in the human female as well as data suggesting increased concentrations of endogenous prostaglandins in amniotic fluid and blood serum during labor indicate that these compounds may play a role in human parturition. However, earlier results on blood levels of prostaglandin F2α remain controversial due to the possible formation of PGF2α by platelets and blood cells during isolation of the plasma and serum. It seems that measurement of one of the initial PGF2α metabolites 15‐keto‐13, 14‐dihydro‐PGF2α by gas chromatographic‐mass spectrometric technique offers a more reliable method for monitoring PGF2α synthesis. This metabolite is not formed during collection of blood and it can be expected to occur in considerably higher concentrations than the parent compound.

During the last 6 weeks of pregnancy the concentration of 15‐keto‐13, 14‐dihydro‐PGF2α was low, varying around 25 pg/ml plasma. However, already in the beginning of spontaneous labor the values had increased by a factor of ten active phase of labor reaching levels around 500 pg/ml.

The fact that labor can be postponed in monkeys by administration of the prostaglandin synthase inhibitor, indomethazine, lends further support to the view that PGF2α is involved in the mechanisms controlling the initiation and progress of spontaneous labor. Preliminary results also indicate that premature labor, under certain conditions, might be arrested by indomethazine.
Human Placental Lactogen Hormone in Serum from Pregnant Women with Rhesus (Anti‐D) Isoimmunization
Authors: Bock Johannes E. , Gæde P. , Trolle Dyre
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Determination of human placental lactogen hormone (HPL) was performed in 346 serum samples from 59 rhesus isoimmunized pregnant women. In all cases of fetal deathndasheither intrauterine or in the first seven days after birthndashwe find a high level of HPL in maternal serum several weeks before death. All patients with normal HPL concentrations in the maternal serum, and who were treated by intrauterine transfusions, had surviving infants. If the indication for intrauterine transfusion is combined with an elevated HPL level in maternal serum one must weigh the risk of the procedure against the poor prognosis for the fetus before deciding whether to intervene. Serum concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and progesterone were of no clinical use, but we find a correlation between progesterone and HPL differing from the same correlation found in normal and diabetic pregnancies. A possible explanation is discussed in relation to the endoplasmic reticulum in the syncytiotrophoblast.
CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL PARAMETERS OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF A NEW COMBINED ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE
Authors: Spona J. , Schneider W. H. F.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Seven subjects, who were shown to have biphasic cycles were treated with Neogynon® (50 μgethinyl estradiol+250 μg D‐norgestrel). Before and during the treatment cycle serum levels of LH, 17ß‐estradiol and progesterone were estimated by radioimmunossay daily starting on the 8th day of the cycle. In addition BBT, the karyopyknotic index of vaginal smears, cervical function, Spinnbarkeit and crystallization were recorded. Similarly, 5 volunteers were given Neoviettar®* (30 μg ethinyl estradiol+150 μg D‐norgestrel), and both central and peripheral parameters were registered. Results of our experiments indicated that ovulation was suppressed in both groups of patients. It was interesting to note that inhibition of both central and peripheral parameters took place in the patients who were treated with the lower dosed oral contraceptive even in the first medication cycle. Another 5 subjects, who had taken Neogynon® for six months were switched to Neovletta®, and were monitored during their 6th cycle of treatment with the higher dosed combined preparation as well as during the 1st and 3rd cycle of administration of the lower dosed regimen. Analysis of data provides further evidence that ovulation was inhibited even in the first cycle after the switch. The suppression of serum levels of LH, 17ß‐estradiol and progesterone during the Neogynon® cycle was statistically indistinguishable from that during the 1st and 3rd Neovletta® cycle. This observation suggests that the degree of suppression of parameters of cycle function during the administration of combined preparations is apparently influenced by the progestagen‐estrogen ratio. In addition, data obtained in the 1st Neovletta® cycle were not different from those of the 3rd cycle of treatment. Similar results were recorded for the cervical function and the karyopyknotic index. The data of this pilot study combine to provide evidence that Neovletta® provides a very high degree of contraceptive protection even in the first treatment cycle after a switch‐over from a higher dosed pill, since it contains a back‐up mechanism in the case of a breakthrough ovulation. Data presented clearly indicate no such breakthrough ovulations.
A Prospective Study of Drugs and Pregnancy: I. Psychopharmaca
Authors: Kullander Stig , Källén Bengt
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A prospective study has been performed on the use of psychopharmaca during 6376 pregnancies and its correlation to certain socio‐medical variables and pregnancy outcome. An association between drug use and later miscarriage or legal abortion was demonstrated and is conceivably due to an increased use of such drugs in unwanted pregnancies. No indication of an association between drug use and birth of a dead or defective infant was found. Pregnancies where psychopharmaca were used during the first trimester had, on average, a longer duration than pregnancies where such drugs were not used, but birth weight of full‐term infants was not affected.
Disc‐Electrophoretic Protein Pattern of Cervical Mucus in Cases of Humoral Sensitization Against Spermatozoa
Authors: Mettler L. , Gradl T. , Mäder Ch.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Midcycle cervical mucus samples from 20 fertile women with negative, and from 6 infertile women with positive serum‐sperm agglutinating activity were subjected to a qualitative protein analysis by the Ouchterlony‐technique, to polyacrylamide (PAA) discelectrophoresis and after purification on spermatozoa they were also run against rabbit antihuman serum in the Laurell immuno‐electrophoretic technique. By the Ouchterlony method the main serum protein fractions were shown to occur also in cervical mucus. No significant differences could be found in the protein pattern of samples from fertile and infertile females as detected by polyacrylamide (PAA) electrophoresis. In all samples a split protein fraction corresponding to serum albumin and a band preceding the protein fraction corresponding to serum prealbumin were observed. In 2 samples from infertile females it could be demonstrated that immunoglobulins occurring in the cervical mucus were directed towards antigenic sperm components.
The Intravenous Infusion of Prostaglandin F2α in the Management of in Trauterine Death of the Fetus
Authors: Moe Narve
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) was given intravenously in the treatment of 16 cases of intrauterine death. Delivery was achieved without complications or side effects in 15 out of the 16 patients. A posterior cervical rupture occurred in one patient treated with cervical dilatation and PGF2α‐infusion.
Influence of Aging Upon the Urinary Hormone Excretion in the Male
Authors: Sköldefors Holger , Carlström Kjell , Furuhjelm Mirjam
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The urinary excretion of LH, low polar oestrogens, neutral C12 and C21 steroids was measured in normal healthy males aged 20–79 years. No significant changes could be noted for the excretion of LH, pregnanediol and 17‐ketogenic steroids between 50 and 79 years. The excretion of androsterone and aeticholanolone was significantly lower in the oldest group (70–79 years). A significant drop in the excretion of DHA was noted at approx. 60 years. The excretion of low polar oestrogens remained constant from 20 to 55–59 years, but showed a highly significant (P >0.001) decrease at about 60 years. This drop might reflect a sudden decrease in the plasma levels of oestrone sulphate due to a decreased sulphurylating activity in the liver.
Unchanged Total Body Calcium in Normal Human Pregnancy
Authors: Christiansen C. , Rødbro P. , Heinild B.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The total body calcium–estimated from bone mineral content in the distal part of the forearm measured by use of photon absorptiometry–was determined during pregnancy in 13 women. The results indicate that total body calcium is constant during pregnancy.
Vaginal Repair in the Radical Operation for Cervical Carcinoma
Authors: Saito Motoi , Kumasaka Takahiro , Kato Kohei , Yazawa Keijiro
Published: December 2009

Abstract. An attempt was made to preserve postoperative sexual function and the recovery of bladder function by a simple modification of technique in 22 cases of radical operations for invasive carcinoma of the cervix. The procedures consisted of two parts. After removal of the specimen, the bladder peritoneal flap is sutured to the anterior vaginal wall leaving a 2 to 3 cm margin between the line of suture and the edge of the peritoneum. Similarly, the posterior peritoneal flap is sutured to posterior vaginal wall leaving a margin. Both edges of the peritoneum are then closed forming a pouch as an extension of vaginal canal. The length of the vagina was successfully elongated by this procedure, thus adding to better postoperative sexual function.
Vaginal Surgical Intervention for a Sacro‐Coccygeal Teratoma Obstructing Labor
Authors: Weiss D. B. , Wajntraub G. , Abulafia Y. , Schiller M.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Congenital sacro‐coccygeal teratomas are rare tumors and may cause dystocia. The case presented was managed unusually by incisional drainage of the tumor through the vagina in a course of an obstructed labor, though the vaginal delivery resulted in the birth of a live, healthy infant.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Soft‐Tissue Malformations by Ultrasound and X‐Ray
Authors: Sand Hanne , Bock Johannes E.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. This study presents four cases of fetal softtissue malformations diagnosed during pregnancy by ultrasonic scanning and amniography. The series comprises two fetal teratomas, one case of fetal ascites, and one case of a partial mole with coexistent fetus. Diagnostic and differential diagnostic problems are illustrated by a fifth case where the final diagnosis was a big maternal ovarian cyst‐adenoma coexistent with a normal fetus.
Placento‐Thyroidal Relationship in Normal Pregnancy
Authors: Kanazawa Seiichi , Nakamura Akira , Saida Koji , Tojo Shimpei
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Estimations of serum HCT, HTSH, T4, T3, PBI, ETR, Triosorb, TBG‐binding capacity, BMR and urinary total estrogen were made simultaneously in 160 women in normal pregnancy. TRH stimulation tests were made in 20 cases in each trimester of pregnancy. HCT was detectable even in early pregnancy, tending to increase gradually toward the terminal stage of pregnancy as serum thyrotrophin bioactivity showed. On the other hand, serum TSH level measured by radio‐immunoassay remained essentially the same throughout the course of pregnancy as in the nonpregnant state, moreover, it was suggested by the TRH stimulation test that pituitary TSH secreting function of pregnant women was similar to that of the non‐pregnant. These findings suggest that thyroid hyperfunction during pregnancy which is shown by progressively increased T3, T4, and PBI may not be due to high estrogen‐high TBG binding capacity‐low free thyroxinenegative feed back‐high TSH secretion but to HCT originating from placenta. In spite of thyroid hormone increase, it is true that the clinical picture of hyperthyroidism is not manifest among normal pregnant women, and ETR remained within the non‐pregnant range throughout the course of pregnancy. We have also demonstrated that Triosorb decreased progressively. This may be interpreted to be due to the increase of TBG binding capacity which is increased progressively and binds more of free thyroxine during pregnancy. Such a change in TBG binding capacity is well known to be caused by the effect of estrogen which is progressively increased during pregnancy. In a word, it is possible to say that there is a placento‐thyroidal system in pregnancy; HCT elevates thyroid function and TBG increased by estrogen carries thyroid hormone to target organ.
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase in Pregnancy
Authors: Sagen Norvald , Haram Kjell , Romslo Inge
Published: December 2009

Abstract. This is a study of heat‐stable alkaline phosphatase (HSAP65°C) concentrations in the serum of pregnant women with hypertension (42 cases), mild preeclampsia (40 cases) and severe pre‐eclampsia (22 cases). The results are seen in relationship to the occurrence of intrauterine fetal death, growth retardation, intrauterine and neonatal asphyxia as well as the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in the newborn. The importance of a precise clinical classification of the patients is stressed. Pathological HSAP values are those which lie either over or under the normal range for HSAP activity. In addition “zig‐zag” curves with values within the normal range are characterized as abnormal. Thus, serial estimations give the most reliable results. Serial estimations of HSAP are especially valuable in severe pre‐eclampsia. Abnormal HSAP values in the 28th–38th week of pregnancy are a serious prognostic sign. False abnormal HSAP results were found in all 3 patient groups. One possible false normal HSAP curve also occurred.
A Prospective Study of Drugs and Pregnancy. 3. Hormones
Authors: Kullande Stig , Källén Bengt
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Results from a prospective study in Malmö performed in 1963–65 are used to discuss the possible role of hormonal drugs in human fetal maldevelopment. Appr. 2 per cent of all women that had a child born were treated with gestagens during early pregnancy and slightly more had used Primodos as a pregnancy test. No harmful effect on embryonic development can be demonstrated.
A Prospective Study of Drugs and Pregnancy
Authors: Kullander Stig , Källén Bengt
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The results are presented of a prospective study on drug use during pregnancy involving antibiotics, analgesic drugs and iron and vitamin preparations. The study was conducted in Malmö between 1963 and 1965. No unfavourable effect of the use of antibiotics, mainly penicillin and sulphonamides, could be demonstrated. Among 15 women who had an infant with hypospadias, three had used penicillin during the first trimester, but this may well be coincidental. Analgesic drug use shows a variability which resembles that previously described for psychopharmaca. No effect on the malformation rate or infant survival could be found. A possible lengthening of the mean duration of pregnancy occurred after the use of analgesic drugs during the 2nd or 3rd trimesters. Women who are going to have a dead or malformed infant use iron and/or vitamin preparations less often during late pregnancy than women who prove to have a normal infant. When such drugs were used, the percentage of pregnancies ending in birth before the 38th week is reduced, and the birth weight among term babies is higher. The associations between pregnancy outcome and the use of iron and vitamin preparations is probably indirect, due to social factors associated with drug use.
Histamine Metabolism During the Menstrual Cycle
Authors: Jonassen F. , Granerus G. , Wetterqvist H.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The urinary excretion of histamine and its metabolites methylhistamine (MeHi) and methylimidazoleacetic acid (MeImAA) was measured during the menstrual cycle in nine healthy women, one allergic woman and three non‐pregnant women with anovulatory regular cycles. Simultaneous urinary analyses of luteinizing hormone (LH) and total estrogens were performed. The healthy women showed individual variations in the excretion of histamine, MeHi and MeImAA. This observation has been interpreted as an expression of minor individual differences in the catabolism of histamine. At midcycle an increase in the urinary excretion of histamine metabolites was sometimes evident and a statistically significant correlation could be established between MeHi and estrogen in urine. These results may support previous findings of histamine release by estrogens in uterine tissue but may also reflect an elevated histamine formation. The allergic woman excreted constantly increased amounts of histamine and its metabolites, especially when her allergic symptoms became aggravated pre‐menstrually. She did not exhibit any change in MeImAA excretion at midcycle but the MeHi‐excretion varied with the excretion of estrogens in the urine. The subjects with anovulatory menstrual cycles had low values of histamine and metabolites although within the normal variations.
The Use of Isoxsuprine in Essential Dysmenorrhea
Authors: Nesheim Britt‐Ingjerd , Walløe Lars
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The “uterus‐specific” beta‐adrenoceptor stimulator isoxsuprine was used for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea in a double‐blind controlled clinical study. No significant beneficial effect of the drug was evident.
In Vivo Determination of the Stress‐Strain Relation of the Human Myometrium
Authors: Joelsson Ingemar , Gidlund Lennart , Anzén Bo , Ingelman‐Sundberg Axel
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Smooth muscle is capable of responding by contraction to mechanical distension. Neither the structural basis for this phenomenon nor the theories of smooth muscle behavior are completely clear. A method is now described by which the contractile response to mechanical distension of the human uterine muscle in vivo is determined. The distension is enforced sinusoidally within the frequency range 0.005–2 Hz, by filling and emptying a rubber balloon introduced into the uterine cavity. A tonometric index of the myometrium is defined using Hook's law after the approximate evaluation of a contractile modulus and the tangential stress and strain in the inner layer of the uterine wall. The regression line of indices upon frequency is calculated and intercept and regression coefficient of the equation for basic conditions are compared with those obtained during administration of pharmacologically active agents. It is suggested that the differences in intercepts and regression coefficients be used as a measure of drug effect.
The Use of Salbutamol in Obstetrics
Authors: Lunell N. O. , Joelsson I. , Björkman U. , Lamb P. , Persson B.
Published: December 2009

Abstract.Sympathomimetic amines have been used with the aim of abolishing uterine contractions. On the basis of results from an in vivo technique for testing the specificity and affinity of the beta2‐receptor stimulating agents, salbutamol was used for a clinical trial. Five case histories were selected in order to illustrate the possibility of utilizing salbutamol in emergency cases with the aim of achieving uterine relaxation during the period of time between the admission of the patient and the commencement of delivery by, for example, caesarean section.
The Behaviour of Microsomal Mono‐Electron Carriers in Human Placenta During Late Pregnancy
Authors: Paparella P. , Castaldo F. , Galeotti T. , Bompiani A. , Terranova T.
Published: December 2009

Abstract.The activities and the content of enzymes involved in mixed function oxidase systems (cytochromes P‐450 andb5, NADPH‐cytochromecreductase and NADH cytochromeb5reductase) in microsomes from 114 human placentae were found to increase from the 34th up to the 38th–39th week of gestation and later to decrease until the 43rd week. Such a process can be related to the following: (i) the phospholipid content of microsomal membranes; (ii) the protein synthesis possibly induced by steroids such as androstenedione and testosterone.
Cervical Cancer in Women Belonging to a Cytologically Screened Population
Authors: Rylander Eva
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Women belonging to the cytologically screened population of Stockholm in 1968 to 1974 and developing cervical cancer of stage I to IV were studied. The purpose was to find out the number of women, in whom the cancer or its preclinical stage was not detected at routine screening, and the reasons for this fact. It was found that 34 out of 177 women had never been cytologically screened. The remaining 143 women had been checked at mass screening and/or at private specialists or hospitals. In 51 screened women the cancer was not detected until the women themselves attended a doctor because of symptoms. Thus in 85 women, or 48% of the series, the cancer escaped detection at an asymptomatic stage. Errors causing a delay or interruption of the follow‐up of patients with suspicious smears or colposcopic atypia were observed in 25 cases. Sixty‐four patients, or 45% of all screened women, had had at least one negative smear within 4.5 years prior to discovery of the malignancy. Out of these, 53 patients had got a negative smear within 3 years. Whatever might be the true evaluation of these negative smears, their influence on the continued management of the women was important. In view of the results of this study the 4 years interval of rescreening practiced in Stockholm seems to be too long. Moreover the statement is supported, that the value of health screenings is counteracted by the fact that the people most at risk are the least likely to attend.
Assessment of Anterior Pituitary Function During the Post‐Partum Period
Authors: Ylikorkala Olavi , Kauppila Antti , Leppäluoto Juhani , Tuimala Risto
Published: December 2009

Abstract. In order to assess anterior pituitary function during the puerperium, 20 women were studied by 14 intravenous LRH and 10 TRH stimulation tests within 2–10 days post‐partum. The basal FSH level (150–340 ng/ml) was within the normal non‐pregnant range for the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (50–350 ng/ml) and did not increase after 100 μg of synthetic LRH. The TSH (3.3‐8.8 μU/ml) was high and increased after 200 μg of synthetic TRH about twofold. Obstetrical parameters (e.g. milk excretion, pregnancy complication, type of delivery or the amount of bleeding during delivery) were not associated with significant changes in FSH or TSH levels or in the responses to TRH stimulation.
Histamine Metabolism and Female Sex Hormones in Women
Authors: Jonassen F. , Wetterqvist H. , Granerus G.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Oral combined contraceptives did not seem to alter histamine metabolism in females. During treatment with gonadotrophic hormones in four amenorrhoeic patients there was a tendency towards increasing excretion of methylhistamine (MeHi) followed by a sudden decrease corresponding to changes in the urinary estrogen. the excretion of methylimidazoleacetic acid (MeImAA) seemed to parallel that of MeHi. the findings support the hypothesis that an endogenous surge of estrogen may influence histamine turnover in women. Women of postmenopausal age have about the same histamine metabolism as younger menstruating women. Estrogen medication relieved symptoms of hot flushes or sweats but did not seem to affect the histamine turnover.
Exposure to Drugs and Other Possibly Harmful Factors During the First Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Kullander Stig , Källén Bengt , Sandahl Björn
Published: December 2009

Abstract. 474 women in mid‐pregnancy, interviewed at ten different hospitals in Sweden, were questioned on a number of social and medical items: e.g., drug use, contraceptive technique used before pregnancy, exposure to possibly deleterious factors in the environment. the study, compared with a similar study made ten years earlier in Sweden, showed little or no difference in the use of iron and/or vitamin preparations, analgesic drugs, antibiotics, or endocrine drugs; but a drastic reduction is noted in the use of psychotropic drugs and of antihistaminic drugs. A marked decrease in frequency of first trimester X‐ray exposures can be found, but no marked changes in smoking habits. Appr. 18% of the women used contraceptive pills within 6 months of becoming pregnant—3 had used them during early pregnancy. About 4% (18 women) had used IUD—one became pregnant with a Cu‐IUD (intra‐uterine device inpregnated with copper).

This type of study can provide some information on the prevalence of relatively common factors, but it must be considerably extended in order to permit an analysis of rare events, e.g., use of most drugs.
Changes in Amniotic Fluid Phospholipids On Treatment with Glucocorticoids to Prevent Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Ekelund Laila , Arvidson Gösta , Ohrlander Sten , Åstedt Birger
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Amniotic fluid was obtained by transabdominal amniocentesis in 51 women in the 29th–36th week of pregnancy. the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio was determined. in 28 patients, the ratio was <2.2. Betamethasone was given for three days to 14 of them; the rest served as controls. On the fourth day, a second amniocentesis was performed on all patients. the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio rose to a value >2.2 in 4 of the patients in the betamethasone‐treated group and in one of the controls. the percentage of palmitic acid in the lecithin increased concomitantly with increasing lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio. These results suggest that glucocorticoid‐induced acceleration of fetal pulmonary maturation may be reflected in the amniotic fluid as changes in its phospholipid composition. the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio was found to be >2.2 in 23 patients at the first amniocentesis. in such cases treatment with glucocorticoids can be avoided.
THE EFFECT OF SALBUTAMOL AND TERBUTALINE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PREMATURE LABOUR
Authors: Rydén Gunnar
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A comparative study concerning the effect of salbutamol and terbutaline in the management of premature labour with intact membranes has been performed. Each group included 34 patients between 27–36 weeks gestation. The drugs used were given by intravenous infusion. Salbutamol arrested labour activity in 33 of 34 patients and terbutaline in 32 of 34 patients. Delivery was postponed for more than one week in 74% of the patients receiving salbutamol and in 80% of the patients receiving terbutaline. No significant difference in effect was found between the drugs used. The effect was equally good independent of the gestational age. Dilatation of cervix beyond 2 cm was associated with successful treatment (delay of delivery more than one week) in 27% compared to 91% if cervix was dilated 2 cm or less. In 12 patients with ruptured membranes a temporary arrest of labour activity (1–7 days) was obtained in 7 patients, and in 1 patient the delivery was delayed for 6 weeks. In the dosage used an increase in maternal and fetal heart rate was observed, more frequently in the patients receiving salbutamol compared with those receiving terbutaline. No serious side‐effects were observed, neither in the salbutamol nor the terbutaline group. It is concluded that both drugs are well tolerated and effective in the treatment of premature labour.
ESTRIOL CONCENTRATIONS IN URINE AND SERUM IN PATIENTS WITH VARIOUS INTESTINAL DISEASES
Authors: Trolle Dyre , Pedersen Søren Nødskov , Gaede Preben
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Pregnant women with ulcerative colitis shows frequently low estriol values in both serum and urine. 18 patients with ulcerative colitis, 4 patients with mb. Crohn, and 3 patients with a by‐pass operation were examined. Low estriol concentrations were seen only in the patients with ulcerative colitis especially in patients, where an operation has been performed. In one patient with severe diarrhea the estriol concentration in serum was low until the intestinal function normalised and the estriol concentration went up exactly when the diarrhea stopped. However, no unequivocal connection between low estriol concentrations and diarrhea could be demonstrated.
COAGULATIVE AND FIBRINOLYTIC STUDIES ON POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN TREATED WITH A NEW NON‐STEROIDAL OESTROGEN
Authors: Kullander Stig , Svanberg Lars , åstedt Birger
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Treatment of postmenopausal women with a non‐steroidal oestrogen (P1496) in a dose of 50 mg a day for 21 days before operation for prolapse did not suppress the histochemically determined fibrinolytic activator content of the vessel wall. Neither was any change found in the concentration of P&P‐complex (prothrombin, factor VII, factor X), factor VIII, antithrombin III, α‐1antitrypsin, α2‐macroglobulin or the inhibitors of urokinase‐induced plasminogen activation. Nothing suggested a thrombogenic effect of this non‐steroidal oestrogenic compound.
FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF AN ADRENERGIC SPHINCTER IN THE FEMALE URETHRA OF THE GUINEA‐PIG
Authors: Ulmsten Ulf , Sjöberg Nils‐Otto , Alm Per , Andersson Karl‐Erik , Owman Christer , Walles Bengt
Published: December 2009

Abstract. By means of a microtransducer catheter, the urethral pressure profile was recorded in female guinea‐pigs. The maximum urethral pressure averaged 24 mmHg (range 18–27 mmHg) and was found 4 to 7 mm from the vesico‐urethral junction. Fluorescence microscopy of the urethra showed an irregular distribution of fluorescent nerve terminals in the most proximal part of the organ. In a distal direction, there was a continuous increase in the number of adrenergic nerves, with a maximum 4 to 6 mm from the internal meatus, corresponding to the maximum intraurethral pressure point. In this region, a dense plexus of nerves supplied thick muscle coats of smooth muscle, having an outer circular and an inner longitudinal orientation. The findings suggest that a specific region of the female guinea‐pig urethra may serve as an “internal sphincter”.