bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental exploration of a mixed helium/carbon beam for online treatment monitoring in carbon ion beam therapy
Authors: Volz L , Kelleter L , Brons S , Burigo L , Graeff C , Niebuhr N I , Radogna R , Scheloske S , Schömers C , Jolly S , Seco J
Published: January 2020

Recently, it has been proposed that a mixed helium/carbon beam could be used for online monitoring in carbon ion beam therapy. Fully stripped, the two ion species exhibit approximately the same mass/charge ratio and hence could potentially be accelerated simultaneously in a synchrotron to the same energy per nucleon. At the same energy per nucleon, helium ions have about three times the range of carbon ions, which could allow for simultaneous use of the carbon ion beam for treatment and the helium ion beam for imaging. In this work, measurements and simulations of PMMA phantoms as well as anthropomorphic phantoms irradiated sequentially with a helium ion and a carbon ion beam at equal energy per nucleon are presented. The range of the primary helium ion beam and the fragment tail of the carbon ion beam exiting the phantoms were detected using a novel range telescope made of thin plastic scintillator sheets read out by a flat-panel CMOS sensor. A 10:1 carbon to helium mixing ratio is used, generating a helium signal well above the carbon fragment background while adding little to the dose delivered to the patient. The range modulation of a narrow air gap of 1 mm thickness in the PMMA phantom that affects less than a quarter of the particles in a pencil beam were detected, demonstrating the achievable relative sensitivity of the presented method. Using two anthropomorphic pelvis phantoms it is shown that small rotations of the phantom as well as simulated bowel gas movements cause detectable changes in the helium/carbon beam exiting the phantom. The future prospects and limitations of the helium/carbon mixing as well as its technical feasibility are discussed.
Dynamic analysis and modeling of three-dimensional crane incorporating payload
Authors: Khairudin M
Published: January 2020

This study developed the efficient dynamic models and system dynamics analysis on three-dimensional (3D) crane with a default load. The direction of movement that will be discussed in the 3D crane system is the simultaneous movement on the X axis, up and down in the direction of the Y axis and simultaneously moving in the direction of the Z axis. The dynamic equation of movement of the 3D crane system uses the Lagrange method and nonlinear differential equations. System dynamics analysis was performed using Matlab/Simulink to observe dynamic behaviour in the 3D crane system in the time domain and frequency domain. The response of the 3D crane system includes rail position, trolley and default load response, and default load swing angle. The results showed for the swing angle, α showed a swing angle that was significant at ± 0.09 rad, while the swing angle, β shows a significant angle at ± 0.07 rad. The system oscillates at ± 0.009 rad.
Developing blog-based learning media for basic mechanical engineering subjects
Authors: Sancoko R T , Nurhadiyanto D
Published: January 2020

This research aims to develop a blog as learning media, analyse the instrument of feasibility test for the blog, and examine the students’ and teachers’ responses to the developing learning media used in basic mechanical engineering subject conducted in vocational high schools of PIRI Sleman and PIRI 1 Yogyakarta. This research employed the research and development method. The data of this study were collected using questionnaires. The results of the study show that this study develops learning media in the form of a blog consisting of six necessary competences of Basic Mechanical Engineering and a website namely https://pdtmsmk.blogspot.com which can be accessed through a gadget anytime and anywhere. In addition, the researchers conduct the feasibility test is readily used and the media go through field tests, and from the tests, a very high score is obtained and that is the blog is feasible.
Industrial work culture in vocational learning: a relevance to occupational world
Authors: Wahyudi  , Widarto  , Wibowo A E
Published: January 2020

The industrial work culture (IWC), especially in the manufacturing industry, is very complex and has the potential to be explored for continuous improvement in vocational learning. This study aimed to measure the level of IWC implementation in manufacturing industries and in the Diploma-III of Mechanical Engineering of Engineering Faculty of Yogyakarta State University (D-III ME YSU) and measure the relevance of IWC implementation in ME D-III YSU to IWC implementation in the manufacturing industry. This study used the survey method. The population consisted of two parts, the first was the D-III students, and the second were the manufacturing industry in DIY, Central Java, and Jakarta province. The subjects of this study were staff of industrial employees. The sample determined by purposive sampling technique. The study results showed that the IWC implementation level in industries as a whole included in the “high” category with an achievement score of 82% and IWC implementation level in D-III ME YSU included in the “high” category with an achievement score of 80%. In addition, the relevance of IWC implementation in D-III ME YSU to IWC implementation in the industries as a whole reached 97% “high”.
Industrial working culture in learning practice at vocational high school
Authors: Sukardi T , Fitrah A , Syauqi K , Paryanto
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study was to study the application of working culture to the learning practice of machining in vocational high school (VHS) Muhammadiyah 1 Salam. The industrial working culture adds value to integrity, professional, productive, innovative, and competitive. This research is a quantitative and qualitative descriptive study. The subjects in this study were machining subject teachers of class XI and XI grade students in mechanical engineering majors at VHS Muhammadiyah 1 Salam. The obtained data were analyzed through descriptive analysis. The results show the value of integrity that has been implemented by 88% of students by behaving honestly and responsibly. Professional values have been applied to 54.8% of students with standardized procedures and applying K3 while working. Productive value has been applied 69% of students according to the time and quality determined. 27 % of students have applied innovative value. Innovative value is applied by finding new alternatives at work. Competitive value has been applied by 53% of students by looking for information related to the field of work and confidence in showing competence.
The development of interactive learning media by manufacturing helical gear using milling machine
Authors: Rahdiyanta D , Anggoro Y , Wijanarka B S , Sasongko B T
Published: January 2020

This study is categorized as research and development (R&D) which aims to develop and determine the feasibility of interactive learning media by making helical gear using milling machine. The data collection method uses questionnaire. The respondent subjects are material experts, media experts, teachers, and students. The research data are quantitative and qualitative and these were analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis techniques. The results of the study are interactive learning media by making helical gear using milling machine equipped with texts, images, videos and questions. The results of assessment of learning media from material experts gave 3.04 included in very feasible category. Media experts gave 3.64 included in very feasible category. Teachers gave 3.15 included in feasible category. Assessment of limited field trial got an average 2.99 included in feasible to be used category. An extensive field trial got an average 3.30 is included in very feasible category. Based on those results, the learning media is suitable to be used in learning process on helical gear material.
The development of educational media based on the flipped classroom model on practical lesson in vocational education
Authors: Tafakur  , Yudantoko A , Sudarwanto
Published: January 2020

Practical lessons in vocational education have been being got much attention from practitioners because of its importance. Additionally, the required 21st-century skills nowadays should be accommodated by educational programs so as to produce graduates that could survive. The aims of this study are to understand the required learning activities that students need to do in order to prepare their practical lesson, to produce educational media based on the flipped classroom model in the practical lesson and to examine the feasibility of the educational media. This is a Research and Development (R&D) study that used the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) model. The result of this study is the learning activities including accessing the sources of knowledge, looking at simulation videos, and exercising the quiz. In addition, there is developed media based on the flipped classroom model covered in an online learning management system that contains fundamental articles, simulation videos, job sheet, and quiz. Besides, the level of feasibility of the educational media is in good category that means the educational media is feasible to be used in that practical lesson.
The effect of information and communication technology with learning activities towards student performance
Authors: Abbas W , Jermias D O S , Syauqi K
Published: January 2020

This research was aimed to know the effect of Communication Information Technology (CIT) and learning activities towards student performance in metal connecting technique lesson in Vocational High School 1 of Seyegan. This was descriptive research by using a quantitative approach. The research results showed that CIT and learning activities affected student performance. This result was concluded: (1) a positive effect of CIT towards student performance with determination coefficient of 32.7%; (2) a positive effect of learning activities towards student performance with determination coefficient of 8.7%; (3) there was a positive effect of CIT and learning activities jointly towards student performance in metal connecting lesson with determination coefficient of 10.9%.
Mapping graduate learning competencies of the automotive engineering education
Authors: Budiman A , Suyanto W , Efendi Y
Published: January 2020

The number of unemployed graduates from vocational schools continues to increase. The cause of unemployment is indeed complex. Various studies state that one of the causes of unemployment is teacher competency. Therefore, it is important to study the learning competencies of graduates of the Automotive Engineering Education Department, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY), as one of the institutions producing vocational teacher candidates. This study was obtained from research using a qualitative descriptive method. The results showed that the learning competencies of the graduates of the Automotive Engineering Undergraduate Program required by the Light Vehicle Technology (TKRO) Vocational School varied greatly, but were dominated by behavior and attitudes towards students in learning. Learning competencies possessed by graduates of UNY’s Automotive Engineering Education Program are included in both categories. In addition, the competencies of graduates of the UNY in Automotive Engineering Education Program required by vocational school and those possessed by graduates are included in the relevant category.
Learning service through college student organization as a political awareness on higher education
Authors: Hidayah Y , Sapriya  , Dermawan C , Malihah E
Published: January 2020

This study aimed to investigate the devotion of learning through student organisations in providing political awareness and relation from the students in tertiary institutions. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 25 students who were active in student organisations such as College Student Organization from different campus in many different regions of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The results of the study can be identified that there are several perspectives on the involvement of student organisations in providing political awareness and linkages that can be divided into two sides, namely positive views and negative views.
Industrial-based practical learning development for teacher competence of automobile technology
Authors: Sudarsono B
Published: January 2020

This research aims to: (1) produce appropriate industry-based practical learning models for students who is prospective teacher of automobile technology (AT) in vocational secondary school and (2) find out the effectiveness of industry-based practice learning in improving the initiative attitude and work discipline of Automotive Engineering Education (AEE) students at Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo. This is development research (R&D) with the subject of research was the Automotive Engineering Education students at Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo, Indonesia. PBI developed with the following development stages: (1) model development; and (2) model validation (internal and external validation). The scores of the observation of initiative attitude in each successive cycle are as follows: (a) the first trial gets a mean score of 1.44; (b) the second trial gets a mean score of 1.96; (c) the third trial gets a mean score of 2.84; (d) the fourth trial gets a mean score of 3.08; (e) and the fifth trial get a mean score of 3.40. While the score of the results of observing work discipline attitudes in each successive trial are as follows: (a) the first trial gets a mean score of 1.40; (b) the second trial gets a mean score of 2.44; (c) the third trial gets a mean score of 2.84; (d) the fourth trial got a mean score of 3.24; and (e) the fifth trial gets a mean score of 3.28.
The quality and quantity improvement efforts for Geblek Kulonprogo as a millennial healthy snack
Authors: Ratnaningsih  , Devi M K , Sugati D
Published: January 2020

Geblek is a traditional food made from wet cassava starch that has become an icon of Kulonprogo District, Special Region of Yogyakarta. The characteristics of geblek are white, number eight shapes, savory taste, and chewy texture. Some problems of Small and Medium Enterprises (SME), Patimurni Andani as the producer of geblek, are the cooking equipment for geblek dough, label and packaging that do not accordance with the goverment regulation. The objective of this community service is to improve the quality and quantity of geblek production as a milenial healthy snack. The method of this study consisted of the design and manufacture of the geblek dough cooker, the nutritional composition analysis, and the improvement of label and packaging. The results of this community service showed that the specifications for the geblek dough cooker were 75 cm in height and 45 cm in diameter, the material was from stainless steel 304, the maximum pressure was 5 kg/cm2, the maximum temperature was 145°C, the tank volume was 190 liters, the capacity was 150 kg, and the gas consumption was 0.8 kg/hour. These results suggested that the quality and quantity improvement of geblek could be implemented in SME to produce it as healthy snacks.
Decorating fabrics by applying tie and dye technique in Patemon Village of Central Java
Authors: Sawitri S , Prasetyaningtyas W , Syamwil R , Kusumastuti A , Pratiwi A , Harsari S
Published: January 2020

The problem to overcome in this Community Service was how to develop skills to decorate fabrics by applying tie and dye techniques to the house wives and teenager in Patemon village to become business. The target of this activity was house wives and teenager in Patemon village. The methods were used on this activity lecturer, demonstration and experiment. The results achieved are the realization of veil creation by applying tie and dye techniques in Patemon Village (72 %), it was high category. The housewives and teenager can use the skill in tie and dye, make many product. It can be used to increase the income in their family. Suggestions that can be submitted include: 1) Increase the number of practices, create another products and motive, by using tie and dye techniques, 2) Participants can develop the products by using other fabrics.
Synthesis and characterization of acid-activated bentonite from Aceh Tamiang
Authors: Wahyuningsih P , Harmawan T , Halimatussakdiah
Published: January 2020

Bentonite is new class of microporous materials with high surface areas which have been extensively studied as interesting material in catalyst application and adsorbents. The characterization of bentonite were performed using Infrared spectrophotometer, X-ray Diffraction, and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) instruments. The results showed that the characteristic of natural bentonite and acid-activated bentonite does not give significant different results. XRD pattern of natural bentonite and acid-activated bentonite indicates those bentonites have the main content such as montmorillonite, quartz and alumina. The TEM profile showed the basal spacing in layered structure of acid-activated bentonite was increasing compared to the natural bentonite. The natural bentonite showed the characteristic absorption peaks such as Si-O, Al-O, Si-O-Si which is observed at wave numbers 1149,57 cm−1, 945,12 cm−1, 640 cm−1, and 459 cm−1 but the acid-activated bentonite only showed the characteristic absorption peaks such as Si-O and Al-O which is observed at wave numbers 1018,41 cm−1and 493,78 cm−1. The absorption intensity of streching – OH peak on acid-activated bentonite higher than natural bentonite. It indicates that the bentonite after activation is more pure compared to bentonite before activated.
Analysis of smart city indicators based on prisma : systematic review
Authors: Adiyarta Krisna , Napitupulu Darmawan , Syafrullah Mohammad , Mahdiana Deni , Rusdah Rusdah
Published: January 2020

This study aims to conduct a review of Smart city literature specifically related to Smart city indicators from various cross-studies. The method used is a systematic literature review consisting of five stages, namely defining eligibility criteria; define the source of information; literature selection; data collection and item selection with synthesis techniques. The results of the study showed a set of indicators consisting of 43 indicators classified into 8 categories of Smart City. Smart city indicators and categories are contributions from this research to fill the literature gap theoretically and help cities monitor their performance overtime.
Analysis of determining centroid clustering x-means algorithm with davies-bouldin index evaluation
Authors: Mughnyanti M , Efendi S , Zarlis M
Published: January 2020

Clustering is a process to group data into several clusters or groups so the data in one cluster has a maximum level of similarity and data between clusters has a minimum similarity. X-means clustering is used to solving one of the main weaknesses of K-means clustering need for prior knowledge about the number of clusters (K). In this method, the actual value of K is estimated in a way that is not monitored and only based on the data set itself. The results of the study using the X-Means algorithm with the Davies-Bouldin Index evaluation to determine the number of Centroid clusters is done by modifying the X-Means method to do some centroid determination to get 11 iterations. The result is produces cluster members that have a good level of similarity with other data. In determining the number of centroids, use the Davies-Bouldin Index method where testing with 2 clusters has a minimum value with a DBI value close to 0.
Combination of 3des with dct algorithm in message security
Authors: Guntur S. , Nasution MKM , Nasution RW
Published: January 2020

In the digital era, communication through computer networks plays an important role. Through electronic communication, a person can make transactions or communication very quickly and practically. Sending data / messages from one place to another is much constrained by the issue of confidentiality. There are many ways you can hide data / messages that will be sent. First, using cryptographic techniques, namely by encoding data / messages using certain algorithms. Another technique is to insert a message that will be sent to other media, so that the message will be hidden and what will appear is other media used to insert messages.Here will be performed a Performance Analysis of the Combination of 3DES and DCT Algorithms in Securing Message Files into the Image.
Chemically functionalized graphene oxide thin films for selective ammonia Gas sensing
Authors: Kumar Ravi , Singh Rakesh , Kumar Anil , Kashyap Rajesh , Kumar Dinesh , Kumar Mukesh
Published: January 2020

In this work graphene oxide has been functionalized using Para chloro benzoic acid (PCBA). Three different concentrations of PCBA were used for functionalization on the GO surface. Functionalization was confirmed by the study of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) characterization. Raman characterization was used for the study of defects on the functionalized GO surface. Langmuir–Blodgett technique was used for the deposition of a thin film. This deposited layer was used as a sensing layer for the detection of ammonia gas. Aluminum contacts were made for electrical measurement using thermal evaporation technique and annealed to obtain a good quality of contacts. The sensor behavior was observed for all three concentrations of PCBA and it has been observed that increase in PCBA concentration leads to the high sensor response and the maximum response was observed for the higher concentration of PCBA i.e. 75 mM. The senor was tested for different gas concentrations varied from 100 ppm to 1200 ppm. Also the selectivity and long term stability of prepared devices has been investigated.
Structural and magnetic properties of cobalt doped ZnO thin films deposited by cost effective nebulizer spray pyrolysis technique
Authors: Abirami N , Arulanantham A M S , Wilson K S Joseph
Published: January 2020

In this work, we report the structural, optical and magnetic properties of Co doped ZnO thin films fabricated by nebulizer spray pyrolysis technique. Five different thin films were fabricated with various doping concentration of cobalt. These thin films posses hexagonal wurtzite structure with polycrystalline nature and strongly oriented along with (002) and (101) direction. From x-ray diffraction pattern, average crystallite sizes were calculated and are found to be decreases with Co doping concentration. The dislocation density and microstrain values of the coated films increased gradually with doping concentration. The SEM/AFM studies reveal the change from spherical shape to petal shaped grains and it is also found that the size of grains and roughness decreases with Co increasing doping concentration. The lowering of the optical band gap energy from ∼ 3.24 eV to 3.05 eV shows doping by Co in ZnO gives rise to band gap bowing in ZnO:Co thin films. The M-H curve confirms the god ferromagnetism in Co doped ZnO thin films.
Anti-frosting/anti-icing property of nano-ZnO superhydrophobic surface on Al alloy prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering
Authors: Liu Guoyong , Yuan Yuan , Jiang Zhou , Youdong Jiang , Liang Wang
Published: January 2020

Superhydrophobic (SHP) surfaces had promising application in anti-icing field. In this work, ZnO SHP surfaces were prepared on aluminum alloy by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. The structure, chemical composition, morphology, wettability of the SHP surfaces were investigated by using corresponding methods. The anti-frosting/anti-icing performance of the ZnO SHP surfaces were investigated. Morphology of surfaces showed that sputtering time affected the surface morphology of the ZnO surfaces. When the sputtering time was 15 min, the rough structure exhibited excellent anti-frosting/anti-icing property due to the exceptional superhydrophobicity and self-transfer behavior at subzero temperature, which composed by densely gathered nanoclusters. The freezing of water droplets was delayed for about 2 h, and frosting was delayed for approximately 5 h at the temperature of −10 °C. The SHP surfaces could efficiently enhance the anti-icing property in glaze ice. Meanwhile, the as-prepared ZnO SHP surfaces displayed a low ice-adhesion strength of 12 ± 4.7 kPa. However, the structure with large undulation and pore space reduced the anti-frosting/anti-icing property of the SHP surface. This work provided a direction for the design and preparation of anti-icing surfaces for power transmission lines.
Incorporation of copper–indium back-end layers in the solution-based Cu(In, Ga)Se2 films: enhancement of photovoltaic performance of fabricated solar cells
Authors: Ou Chang-Ying , Som Sudipta , Lu Chung-Hsin
Published: January 2020

The morphology and photovoltaic properties of the solution-based Cu(In, Ga)Se2 films are effectively improved via the incorporation of copper-indium back-end layers in the precursor films. The effects on the concentrations of bimetal-ions solutions to prepare copper-indium back-end layers are investigated in this study. The incorporation of copper-indium back-end layer in the precursor film enhances the internal diffusion between gallium-ions and indium-ions during selenization reaction. Hence, the porous structure in the back-contact region of prepared CIGS films becomes densified, and the bandgap distribution of films shows a gradient profile. The densified morphology and gradient bandgap reduce the carrier recombination and improve the carrier collection of solar cells. In contrast to the pristine precursor film, the precursor film with a copper-indium back-end layer increase the conversion efficiency of prepared solar cells from 8.34% to 11.13%. The enhancement of conversion efficiency is attributed to the improvement of short-circuit current density and fill factor from 25.70 mA cm−2 to 31.79 mA cm−2 and 57.65% to 65.70%, respectively. This study reveals that the photovoltaic properties of solution-based CIGS solar cells can be improved significantly via the incorporation of copper-indium back-end layers into the precursor films.
Effect of temperature on morphology and wear of a Cu-Ti-TiC MMC sintered by abnormal glow discharge
Authors: Bohórquez Cristian D , Pérez Sandra P , Sarmiento Armando , Mendoza Martin E
Published: January 2020

Microstructure and tribological properties had been studied in a Cu-Ti-1%TiC MMC with titanium concentration of 10%, 15%, and 20%. The composite was manufactured following the pulvimetallurgical route that included: mechanical and ultrasonic mixing in 2-propanol, compaction at 400 MPa and sintering assisted by abnormal glow discharge in an atmosphere of 10% nitrogen and 90% argon. The discharge was established in the direct current regime and the voltage values were adjusted according to the sintering temperatures of 750 °C and 850 °C. The sintering process was carried out for 30 min and then cooled in the same atmosphere. As a result, a differentiated in morphology and wear properties were obtained in the sintered parts. At 750 °C a microstructure characterized by the stability of Ti grains with intermetallic precipitates such as CuTi2 and CuTi were observed at the interface with the matrix. On the other hand, the intermetallic phases as Cu3Ti, Cu4Ti and CuTi2 had been detected in the sintered at 850 °C. These phases were related to diffusive processes that occurred during the sintering, enhanced by the energy provided by the process. It had been observed that with increase of titanium content an improvement of the MMC tribological properties. In titanium contents of 20% at 750 °C was estimated a wear coefficient of 2.7 × 10−8 mm3.N−1.m−1 with a track width of 312 μm. Despite the pores originated during the sintering of MMC at 850 °C was found a wear coefficient value of 2.4 × 10−8 mm3.N−1.m−1 and a track size of 778 μm, related to the plastic deformation exerted on the porous structures during the wear process. Results of the tribological analysis lead that this compound may be applied in fields where the balance between adequate tribological properties and lightness are highly required such as the automotive, aeronautical and biomedical industries.
Solvothermal synthesis of porous Fe3O4 nanoparticles for humidity sensor application
Authors: Khorsand Zak A , Shirmahd H , Mohammadi S , Banihashemian S M
Published: January 2020

In this research, the effect of PVP on magnetic properties and morphology of Fe3O4 nanoparticle (Fe3O4-NPS) is investigated. Also, the sensitivity of the humidity of the selected Fe3O4-NPS is studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and vibration sample magnetometer (VSM) were used to characterize the synthesized Fe3O4-NPs. The XRD and TEM results demonstrated that Fe3O4-NPs were crystallized in cubic structure with spherical pores morphology. Superparamagnetic behavior was seen in the samples prepared with the maximum saturation of approximately 10 emu g−1 for the sample synthesized using PVP:Fe(ac ac)3 ratio equal to 4. The outcomes of the humidity sensing of the selected sample revealed that the prepared Fe3O4-NPs with a porous structure is a good candidate to be used for humidity sensing.
Assessment of hospital emergency medication kit use at a large academic medical center with automated dispensing machine technology
Authors: Smith Bradley L , Griffin Monica G , Heyliger Alexander , Ritchie Brianne M
Published: January 2020

Purpose

Hospital emergency medication kits (HEMKs) are used to provide certain critical medications in emergent situations, despite many technological advancements for patient safety and medication distribution. We sought to evaluate HEMK usage and analyze associated costs to identify and recommend process improvements.

Methods

Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN, is a large multisite academic medical center with 2 hospital campuses and many ambulatory clinics. All documentation of the approximately 250 HEMKs in circulation was analyzed from January to November 2017. The primary outcome was HEMK use. Secondary outcomes included individual medication usage and associated costs. These data were then used to recommend process improvements.

Results

Of 880 HEMKs evaluated, 675 (76.7%) were used, resulting in expiration 23.3% of the time. A total of 1,024 emergency medications were used, most commonly for hypoglycemia. Many of these medications are also available in automated dispensing machines for patient care use. Cost analysis revealed an average annual cost of nearly $200,000 associated with HEMKs. The results of our analysis indicated little added benefit of HEMKs in the setting of automated dispensing machine optimization. Steps for HEMK retirement are described.

Conclusion

HEMKs offered little added benefit considering technological advancements that have been made in patient safety and medication distribution since their inception. Retirement of HEMKs is anticipated to increase pharmacy operational efficiency by using automated dispensing machine technology and appropriate emergency response protocols to ensure optimal patient care.
Realizing the vision for pediatric pharmacy practice advancement through strategic planning and implementation
Authors: Kaczor Chester , Cole Justin W , Sapko Matthew M , Kappeler Karl H
Published: January 2020

Purpose

In a rapidly changing healthcare landscape, pharmacy leaders must be agile and innovative to ensure that patients receive the highest-quality care. Here we describe the benefits of using a structured approach to pediatric pharmacy practice advancement guided by strategic planning and quality improvement principles.

Although there are many profound differences between pediatric and adult pharmacy management practices, many similarities also exist. Small- and large-scale change is most commonly guided by quality improvement methodology at Nationwide Children’s Hospital. Using this framework, the pharmacy practice model at Nationwide Children’s Hospital was reenvisioned to facilitate best patient outcomes and advance the role of pharmacists in the care of pediatric patients. Through these efforts, the percentage of inpatient hospital services with a pharmacist embedded into the care team increased from 67% to 90%, the number of pharmacists providing direct inpatient care increased from 27 to 50, and the number of ambulatory clinical pharmacists more than tripled, from 3 to 10. Enhanced clinical pharmacy services were developed to provide consistent care on weekends and holidays while striving to reach zero patient harm. Involvement of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians, alignment with the health system’s mission, and internal development of pharmacists through focused training programs were vital to successful practice advancement.

Conclusion

Significant practice model advancement in a pediatric healthcare system is achieved by using the organization’s common language for change, involving frontline staff in creating the vision, and leadership steadfastly committing to realize the vision.
A Chart for Concentrational Calculations in Quality Control
Authors: Thiers Ralph E , Cole Robert R
Published: January 2020

The construction and use of a simple chart for the rapid calculation of the concentration of constituents in quality control specimens is presented. When control specimens are reconstituted with a volume of water other than the volume recommended by the manufacturer, this chart enables one to read directly the new concentrations of all components.
An Automated Method for the Determination of Sulfonamides in Plasma
Authors: Falk H B , Kelly R G
Published: January 2020

An automated adaptation of the Bratton-Marshall procedure for sulfonamides has been developed. As sulfonamides exhibit varying degrees of protein binding, application of the method to plasma is dependent upon release of these compounds prior to automated dialysis. This release is effected by the acidification of the sample. The results obtained with and without this preliminary acidification are discussed.
Simple Method for Concentration of Cerebrospinal Fluid for Protein Electrophoresis
Authors: Burrows Stanley
Published: January 2020

A rapid method for concentrating protein solutions is described. It utilizes dialysis against a dextran solution under vacuum.
Comparison of a Colorimetric (Automated) with an Enzymatic (Manual) Uric Acid Procedure
Authors: O'Sullivan John B , Francis John O'S , Kantor Nathan
Published: January 2020

An automated colorimetric serum uric acid procedure utilizing the AutoAnalyzer has been evaluated and compared with an enzymatic spectrophotometric procedure. The results of this study indicate that the AutoAnalyzer, with its speed of assay, can be used for large numbers of serum uric acid determinations without compromising on precision and reasonable accuracy.
Evaluation of a Dye-binding Method for Determination of Serum Albumin
Authors: Martinek Robert G
Published: January 2020

A simple dye-binding method for determining serum albumin, which employs the dye, 2-(4'-hydroxybenzeneazo) benzoic acid (HBABA), is described. Albumin in 0.1 ml. of serum is determined colorimetrically at 510 mµ. Reliability of the method has been established by comparison with another method using HBABA and with a salt fractionation-biuret method, by recovery experiments, variation in ambient temperature, demonstration of optimal dye molarity and pH, and replicate analyses.
Polarographic Determination of Traces of Gold in Blood and Serum
Authors: Christian Gary D
Published: January 2020

A polarographic method for the determination of as little as 1 µg. of gold in blood and serum samples is described. The relative error is 2.1%. After the sample is dry ashed at 550°, the gold is extracted into ether as the chloride, to separate it from interfering copper and iron. A polarogram of the gold sample is obtained in 2 M potassium hydroxide. The method should be applicable to the determination of gold in other biological samples containing interfering elements.
Evaluation of a Modification of the Zak-Kiliani Reaction for Determination of Serum Cholesterol
Authors: Martinek Robert G
Published: January 2020

A simplified, improved modification of the Zak and Kiliani technics for the analysis of serum cholesterol is described. Factors affecting the results and the reliability of the method have been experimentally studied and demonstrated.
Closed-System Apparatus for Aeration-Diffusion: Application to Determination of Blood Ammonia
Authors: Holmes Frederic E
Published: January 2020

An apparatus is proposed primarily for comparison with other methods for determination of "blood ammonia," and studies of involved factors. It employs the aeration-diffusion method of Van Slyke and Cullen, but in a closed system which avoids loss of ammonia and contamination with ammonia from the outside. Incomplete liberation of ammonia is avoided by the use of a moving thin film ever renewed in the donor section, and incomplete absorption of ammonia in the receiver is avoided by recirculating the air. Because the aeration may be done at any reduction in pressure, the apparatus lends itself to use in studies of the dynamics of aeration-diffusion of ammonia and other gases. A curve is presented which reconfirms the observation that ammonia liberated from blood after addition of reagents increases after 15 min. To avoid such increase, the time between blood collection and analysis is reduced to less than 2 min. A tentative upper limit of normal is set at 0.14 mg./100 ml.
An Automated Procedure for Blood Phenylalanine
Authors: Hill John B , Summer George K , Pender Murray W , Roszel Norris O
Published: January 2020

The fluorometric analysis of phenylalanine described by McCaman and Robins has been adapted to automation. The procedure may be used on 20-µl. whole-blood samples which may be stored on filter paper for elution. The procedure is rapid, reproducible, and accurate, making it useful for screening large populations for phenylketonuria.
A Simple and Rapid Method for Estimating 3,4-Dihydroxyphenethylamine (Dopamine), 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (Dopa), and Homovanillic Acid (HVA) with "Two-Solutions Paper Electrophoresis"
Authors: Eichhorn F , Rutenberg A
Published: January 2020

An easy procedure for the estimation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa), 3,4-dihy-droxyphenethylamine (dopamine), and homovanillic acid (HVA), besides 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (VMA), by means of the "two solutions paper electrophoresis" (1) is described. Increased amounts of these phenolic compounds were found by this method in the urine of a patient with neuroblastoma, and the case report is presented.
A Pituitary Gonadotropin Assay Based on Absorption by Attapulgite
Authors: Watson William B , Knouse R William
Published: January 2020

A method for extraction of pituitary gonadotropins utilizing attapulgite and acetone is presented and compared with the kaolin-acetone (Edinburg) method. The attapulgite-acetone extracts contained less inert material and were less toxic. The results of over 100 consecutive clinical assays are presented and analyzed.
Simplified Preparation of Blood Hemolysates for Hemoglobin Electrophoresis
Authors: Blackwell R Quentin , Huang Jeanette Tung-Hsiang
Published: January 2020

Hemolysates made directly from unwashed red cells or unwashed blood clots can be used successfully for screening populations for abnormal hemoglobins by starch-gel electrophoresis. The cells or clot, mixed with an equal volume of water, are frozen overnight or longer, and the resulting supernatant hemolysate used directly for electrophoresis. The simplified procedure has been used to identify several abnormal hemoglobins including A+E, A+H, A+J, and electrophoretically fast fetal hemoglobins. The principal advantages of the procedure include substantial economy in time and increased flexibility in sample collection and storage. The method is particularly useful with small blood samples collected without venipuncture.
Automated Determination of Serum Iron
Authors: Zak Bennie , Epstein Emanuel
Published: January 2020

An automated procedure for measurement of serum iron concentration is presented. Iron released from the serum transferrin by acid treatment in the presence of ascorbic acid was dialyzed into a buffer capable of maintaining the diffusate at a pH suitable for instantaneous and complete color formation with 4,7-diphenyl-1,10 phenanthroline sulfonate. Procedural details, diffusability of iron, precision, and accuracy are described.
Procedure for Detecting Atypical Serum Cholinesterase Using o-Nitrophenylbutyrate as Substrate
Authors: McComb R B , LaMotta R V , Wetstone H J
Published: January 2020

A method has been developed for demonstrating atypical serum cholinesterase by means of the self-indicating substrate, o-nitrophenylbutyrate and the inhibitor succinyldicholine. The procedure was tested for atypical cholinesterase with 76 individuals, including 5 otherwise proven homozygotes and their immediate families. In all cases, it was possible to distinguish clearly those individuals homozygous for the usual and atypical cholinesterase as well as heterozygotes.
Purification and Analysis of Bilirubin
Authors: Clarke John T
Published: January 2020

Pure crystalline bilirubin was isolated from human, calf, hog, and dog gallbladder bile and compared with commercially-available materials. All may be purified by recrystallization from pyridine. The extinction coefficient in chloroform is 60,000-61,000 at 450-453 mµ.

Standardization of the analytical "azobilirubin" (van den Bergh) reaction may be based on aqueous alkaline solutions of bilirubin.

Paper chromatography of azobilirubins derived from various sources of bilirubin showed identical patterns.
An Improved Method for the Determination of Guanase in Serum or Plasma
Authors: Hue Allen C , Free Alfred H
Published: January 2020

A simplified analytical procedure for the determination of guanase in serum or plasma at 245 mµ is described. Effects of experimental hepatic injuries in dogs on serum guanase levels and the possible clinical utility of the enzyme serum guanase are also discussed.
Stability of Cholinesterase in Frozen Plasma
Authors: Johnston D G , Huff W C
Published: January 2020

Specimens of plasma from 51 agricultural workers were divided into several portions for freezing and storage. Periodic assays (in duplicate) for cholinesterase activity in each specimen were compared with the initial values obtained on each fresh, unfrozen specimen.

Freezing and/or thawing results in loss of approximately 30% of the plasma cholinesterase activity. It is not possible to use divided frozen portions of an initial specimen of plasma as controls for repeated testing of a subject.
Determination of Free Fatty Acids in Plasma by a Colorimetric Procedure: An Appraisal of the Method and Comparison with Other Technics
Authors: Anstall Harold B , Trujillo Jose M
Published: January 2020

A microcolorimetric procedure for measurement of long-chain fatty acids in pure solution was adapted to eliminate phospholipid interference and used to determine free fatty acids (FFA) in human plasma and serum. The lipids were extracted from plasma into chloroform; the phospholipids precipitated with acetone and MgCl2 in water bath; and the FFA concentration in the supernatant determined by formation of copper soaps. The copper was assayed colorimetrically. The method was used to establish the range of normal values for plasma FFA in human subjects.
Determination of Homogentisic Acid in Urine
Authors: Stoner Ramon E , Blivaiss Ben B
Published: January 2020

A relatively simple method for the quantitative determination of homogentisic acid in urine is presented. Homogentisic acid (2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) is oxidized by atmospheric oxygen in mild alkali to form 1,4-benzoquinone-2-acetic acid. The latter compound is then conjugated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. The resulting hydrazone, in the presence of alcoholic sodium hydroxide, produces a characteristic lavender color with an absorption maximum at 570-580 mµ. A sample blank is run without oxidation to compensate for the carbonyls that may be present in the sample. The absorption curve produced is characteristic of homogentisic acid and may thus be used for its identification.
A Rapid Saccharogenic Method for the Determination of Serum Amylase
Authors: Fingerhut Benjamin , Ferzola Rocco , Poock Alfred , Marsh Walton H
Published: January 2020

In this procedure for serum amylase the sugars formed by enzymatic starch hydrolysis are quantitatively measured in a protein-free tungstic acid filtrate by the alkaline reduction of ferricyanide to ferrocyanide. The ferrocyanide formed is readily determined by measurement of the color produced with phosphomolybdic acid at room temperature.

The reducing sugar formed, expressed as milligrams per hundred milliliters of glucose measured by alkaline ferricyanide reduction, was comparable in amount after 15 min. incubation at 37.5° to that formed at 30 min. as measured by reduction of alkaline copper reagent.

The values for 54 apparently healthy blood donors, given by the 15-min. incubation ferricyanide technic, ranged from 24-195 U., with a mean and standard deviation from the mean of 103 ± 35 U. With the conventional 30-min. incubation alkaline copper method, a mean and standard deviation from the mean of 101 ± 36 U. was obtained. Amylase values given by both procedures for serums in the normal and abnormal ranges are presented. The reproducibility and some of the factors affecting the sensitivity of the ferricyanide method have also been determined.
The Separation of Protein-bound Iodine and Nonprotein Iodine by Serum Coagulation
Authors: Benotti Joseph , Pino Samuel , Gardyna Henry
Published: January 2020

Heat coagulation of serum proteins was compared to the usual trichloracetic acid (TCA) protein precipitation for the determination of iodine. The values for the washed coagulum checked very well with ones obtained by the standard procedure.
Determination of Total and Esterified Cholesterol in Serum
Authors: Sobel Charles , Fernandez Alberto
Published: January 2020

A simple method for the determination of total and esterified cholesterol is described. Serum lipids are extracted into a solvent mixture and aliquots of the extract are analyzed directly for free and total cholesterol by the Zlatkis reaction. Esterified cholesterol is calculated by difference. Free cholesterol is determined under conditions of temperature and solvent composition such that the cholesterol esters do not react. The method yields quantitative recoveries of free and esterified cholesterol from serum. Data are presented on the precision of the method, and on results of a comparison with the reference procedure of Sperry and Webb.
Photometric Determination of pH with a Single Standard and Calculation by Nomogram
Authors: Van Slyke Donald D , Hankes Lawrence V , Vitols Janis John
Published: January 2020

A method is described for construction of a nomogram, based on the Henderson Hasselbalch equation, with which photometric pH values can be calculated from the absorbance of an indicator in a sample and the absorbance of the indicator in a single standard solution. Thereby the necessity of preparing calibration curves from a series of standard solutions is avoided. The procedure is particularly convenient when the stock solution of the indicator is subject to slow fading, as in the case of phenol red.

An application of the procedure to the photometric determination of the pH of human plasma is detailed and the results are compared with those obtained with a glass electrode.