bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DICROCOELIUM LANCEATUM (TREMATODA, DICROCOELIIDAE): THE STUDY OF THE NEURO-MUSCULAR SYSTEM
Authors: Mochalova  , Terenina  , Kreshchenko  , Yashin  , Nefedova  , Nikogosyan  , Petrosyan  , Movsesyan
Published: August 2019

The work provides data on the presence and localization in the nervous system of the causative agent of dicroceliosis, Dicrocoelium lanceatum serotonergic and FMRFaminergic structures. Using the immunocytochemical method and confocal scanning laser microscopy, the test substances were found in the central and peripheral parts of the parasite's nervous system — in the head ganglia, the central nervous commissure, the longitudinal nerve trunks and the transverse commissures connecting them. The innervation of the nerve fibers of the attachment organs of trematodes by immunoreactive to serotonin and neuropeptide is shown.Trematode Dicrocoelium lanceatum (Stiles and Hassal, 1896) (Dicrocoeliidae) is the causative agent of Dicroceliosis, a widespread helminthiasis of domestic and wild animals. Dwelling in the bile ducts of the liver and in the gallbladder, dicroceliums cause irreversible pathological changes in the host organism, chronic inflammation of the bile ducts, cirrhosis of the liver, and metabolic processes in animals occur. As a result of the disease, animals are depleted, their productivity decreases, growth and development lag, and the nutritional and caloric value of meat decrease.In the cycle of development of the causative agent of dicroceliasis, the intermediate hosts are land mollusks, while the additional hosts are ants. The eggs of the parasite along with the bile enter the host intestine, and then with the feces into the external environment. Mollusks swallow eggs, miracidia come out from the eggs in the intestines of the mollusk, and penetrate the liver, where daughter sporocysts develop, in which cercariae form. Of the daughter sporocysts, cercariae are introduced into the respiratory cavity of the mollusk, where they are covered with sticky mucous substance. The formed mucous lumps are pushed by the respiratory movements of the mollusk into the external environment. Infection of ants occurs when eating these mucous balls. Once in the intestinal tract, cercariae enter the ant's abdominal cavity, where they turn into metacercariae. The definitive owners infect on pastures, swallowing invasive ants along with grass.
COMBINATIVE VARIABILITY IN THE TREMATODAS
Authors: Nacheva  , Grebenshchikov  , Bibik
Published: August 2019

Objective: To study the combinational variability in trematodes based on micromorphological studies of their gametogenesis and fertilization.Trematodes: Fasciola hepatica, Opisthorchis felineus, Clonorchis sinensis, Paragonimus westermani were obtained by dissecting animals. Trematode marites were fixed in 10% neutral formalin. The treatment was carried out according to the histological method. The material was embedded in paraffin. Sections of 5–6 microns thick were stained using histological methods of staining: hematoxylin Carazzi-eosin, gallocyanin, azur-eosin according to Romanovsky-Giemsa. 400 histological specimens were manufactured; studied under a light microscope and took photomicrographs.Trematodes are characterized by true hermaphroditism. In each individual of the trematode, the sex glands are well developed – the testes and ovaries, in which the processes of gametogenesis take place: spermatogenesis and ovogenesis. As a result of gametogenesis, due to meiotic crossing-over, genetic material recombines, and trematode sex cells are formed with a unique genome. Two trematodes participate in fertilization, which, mating, fertilize each other in a cross way (simultaneous fertilization). As a result, the genetic material of each trematode is updated and a new generation of individuals with a new genotype ripens in each of them. The constant updating of the trematode genomes forms the basis of combinational variability and ensures the prosperity of species.
FAUNA-ECOLOGICAL FEATURES OF COLD-RESISTANT SPECIES OF IXODIC TICKS ON THE EXAMPLE OF IXODES RICINUS AND DERMACENTOR RETICULATUS
Authors: Nikanorova
Published: August 2019

The article discusses in detail the features of the fauna and ecology of Ixodic ticks, often found in the central part of the East European Plain, the northern regions of the Russian Federation, using the two most common species Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus in the Kaluga Region as an example. The regularities of the peaks of parasitization (spring, autumn) in comparison for the two studied species of ixodic ticks, the extremely critical low temperature and humidity indicators for the development of preimaginal phases (eggs, larvae, nymphs) and imago are revealed. A detailed analysis of the biotopic confinement of ixodic ticks on the territory of the Kaluga Region was carried out. The species Ixodes ricinus is confined to forest biotopes, Dermacentor reticulatus to meadow ones, which confirms compliance with their name. The main hosts of ixodic ticks on the territory of the Kaluga region are identified. The data obtained indicate the adaptability of Ixodic ticks to low climatic conditions and the possibility of further expanding the boundaries of their habitats.Ixodid ticks are found in all climatic zones, except Antarctica. They are parasitic bloodsuckers, reservoirs and carriers of many anthropozoonosis diseases. Maintain consistency of natural foci of vector-borne diseases. The species composition of ixodid ticks is very diverse. It is known that these parasites have learned to adapt to environmental changes. Temperature and humidity are of paramount importance to them. It is the exogenous factors that determine the number of hosts, the temporal limits of bloodsucking and diapause. The ticks of the genera Dermacentor and Ixodes belong to the northern latitudes, more often the species Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus.It is known that the species living in the northern regions are characterized by long intervals between the blood sucking. Northern ticks are distinguished by relative longevity, their life cycle can reach several years.
ANAPLASMOSIS AND BABESIOSIS OF CATTLE IN CENTRAL REGION OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Novak  , Engashev  , Filimonov
Published: August 2019

An epizootological monitoring of anaplasmosis and babesiosis of cattle of Aberdeen-Angus breed in the Bryansk region was carried out. Acarological and entomological studies made it possible to detect Dermacentor reticulatus ixodic ticks on animals in spring, and Tabanus bovinus, T. sudeticus, Chrysops spp., Haematopota spp. and blood-sucking zoophilic flies Stomoxys calcitrans, Haematobia spp. summer and early spring. The higher number of gadflies and bloodsucking flies (mechanical carriers of Anaplasma marginale), compared with ixodic ticks (Babesia divergens biological carriers) in a number of areas of the Bryansk region, explains the widespread anaplasmosis and high rates of parasitemia. The acute course of anaplasmosis and babesiosis in a mixed form is characterized by persistent fever, decreased or no appetite, ataxia, tachycardia, shortness of breath, mucous membrane anemia. According to the results of research, the maximum intensity of the epizootic process in anaplasmosis and babesiosis was found in the Trubchevskiy district of the Bryansk region, which is caused by the numerous biotopes of Ixodic ticks Dermacentor reticulatus.In the clinically expressed form of anaplasmosis and babesiosis, 1% oxytetracycline (LA 200) and Babezan 12% intramuscularly were administered to animals once. For the prevention of diseases in young stock, taking into account the absence of non-sterile immunity, during the period of activity of ixodic ticks and blood-sucking dipter, the above preparations were prescribed three times: in spring (March-April), in summer (late June-July) with high rainfall and in autumn (September-October).In cases of severe anaplasmosis and babesiosis Oxytetracycline 1% (LA 200) and Babesan, 12% are prescribed simultaneously in the mixed form with the means of pathogenetic and symptomatic therapy. With moderate and severe babesiosis accompanied by fever, depression, and lack of appetite, Babezan 12% is used fractionally, i.e. 50% of the therapeutic dose on the day of manifestation of the first clinical signs and the rest in 18–20 hours.
HELMINTHS OF WOLF IN THE VORONEZH RESERVE AND ADJACENT TERRITORIES
Authors: Romashov  , Breslavtsev  , Romashova
Published: August 2019

The wolf is the largest predatory mammal in the Central Black Soil region of Russia. The close trophic relationships of the wolf with wild ungulates and other animals play an important role in the formation of the modern predator helminth fauna. Helminthological materials from the wolf have been collected in the Voronezh Reserve and in adjacent natural areas for a long-term period (1981–2018). The modern fauna of the helminths of the wolf of the Voronezh Reserve contains 16 species. The main taxonomic groups of helminths (trematodes, cestodes, and nematodes) in the wolf are represented unevenly. The maximum number of helminth species is registered among nematodes – 12 species (Aonchothe caputorii, Eucoleus aerophilus, E. boehmi, Pearsonema plica, Calodium hepaticum, Trichinella nativa, Toxocara canis, Toxaskaris leonina, Uncinaria stenocephala, Crenosoma vulpis, Molineus patens, Dirofilaria repens). We have identified three species of cestodes (Dypilidium caninum, Taenia hydatigena, T. krabbei) and one species of trematodes (Alaria alata). The highest infection rates were registered for A. alata: the extensiveness of invasion (EI) is 92.3%, the intensity of invasion is 149.7 specimens, an abundance index is 138.2 specimens. High rates of wolf invasion by certain nematode species were revealed: E. boehmi (69.2%); P. plica (46.2%); E. aerophilus (38.5%); C. hepaticum (15.4%) and nematode T. nativa (27.9%). More than ten species of helminths of the wolf are of significant epidemiological and epizootological importance for this area.
TOXOCARIASIS AS THE ACTUAL PROBLEM IN KURSK REGION
Authors: Samofalova  , Malysheva  , Vagin
Published: August 2019

The urgency of the problem of toxocarosis in the territory of the Kursk region is caused by the increase in the incidence among the children's population, the contamination of environmental objects with toksokar eggs. In this regard, it is necessary to conduct large-scale studies on the helminth infections of carnivorous animals living in urban areas to establish a realistic picture of their infection with toxocarosis and assess the sanitary and helminthological state of sand in children's play houses near Kursk, and determine the risk of infection of children with geohelminthiasis.One of the leading places in the structure of infectious and parasitic morbidity in the Kursk region is still occupied by parasitic diseases. According to the state report “On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being in the Kursk region in 2017”, 1125 cases of parasitic diseases are registered in the region. In the structure of parasitosis 97.4% are made up of helminthiasis. Contact helminthiasis had the largest share, represented by enterobiasis – 93%, geohelminthiasis was 4%, biohelminthoses – 1%. Among geohelminthic infections in 2017, two nosological forms were registered – ascariasis and toxocarosis, compared with 2016, the incidence of the latter increased by 10.4%. A total of 23 cases of toxocariasis were registered in the region, it is noteworthy that the proportion of children among the infested persons was 82.6% [3]. True incidence can be much higher, since in most cases infection with toxcar for a long time is asymptomatic and is detected by chance during laboratory examination [4].Toxocarosis is a parasitic disease caused by the migration of helminth larvae of dogs – Toxocara canis in humans, less often – Toxocara mystax of cats and characterized by a complex of syndromes and symptoms, referred to as visceral larva migrans. Such factors as an increase in the number of dogs and cats in populated areas, their high prevalence of toxocars, the intensity of egg excretion by mature helminths that live in the intestines of animals, and the stability of eggs in the environment exert on the spread of toxocariasis among people. In modern conditions, toxocarosis becomes the most socially significant helminth infection with a high risk of infection in cities [1].
HARMFUL IMPACT OF HORSEFLIES (DIPTERA, TABANIDAE) ON THE ORGANISM OF ANIMALS AND HUMAN (REVIEW)
Authors: Sivkova
Published: August 2019

The study of bloodsucking dipterans, including gadflies, was conducted mainly in the 60-70s of the last century, when the rapid development of oil and gas production began and was associated with the development of means and methods for the pro-tection of humans and animals. Since then, more than 40 years have passed. Dur-ing this time, there was a noticeable warming of the climate, and due to technical progress, the anthropogenic impact on nature increased. Currently, the interest of scientists and researchers to Diptera has significantly increased. Blood-sucking two-winged insects (midges) include mosquitoes (blood line Culicidae), gadflies (blood line Tabanidae), midges (blood line Simuliidae) and biting midges (blood line Cera-topogonidae). The main factors determining the high abundance of midges are favor-able climatic conditions for their reproduction and existence in combination with the abundance of biotopes of hatching (various water bodies and marsh formations) and the habitat of the imago (presence of tree, shrub or high grassy vegetation), as well as the presence of a sufficient number of warm-blooded animals – the source of blood saturation. The damage caused by horseflies to humans and animals is very great. The aim of our work was to summarize the information in the literature about the damage caused by horseflies to farm animals and their role in the transmission of pathogens of humans and animals.
ION CHANGES IN BLOOD DURING OPISTHORCHIASIS IN EXPERIMENT
Authors: Sidelnikova
Published: August 2019

Changes in the ionic composition of blood in opisthorchiasis, in the long-term inva-sion, is a current little-studied aspect. The experiment was conducted on rodents (rabbits), of puberty, male. Infection was carried out by oral administration of the metacercariae Opistorchis felineus at the rate of 50 larvae per individual (n = 10), defined in the observation group. The control group consisted of clinically healthy animals (n = 10). After 18 months, a biochemical blood test was performed to de-termine the quantitative indicators of potassium and sodium. Plasma isolation was performed by centrifuging venous blood, then incubated at room temperature for an hour, and the indicators were calculated using an automated hematology analyzer. Statistical data processing was performed using the software package Microsoft Of-fice Exel by calculating the arithmetic average with standard error of the mean. The analysis of intergroup data was carried out using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test for unrelated aggregates with an abnormal distribution, with p ≤ 0.05.It is established that the content of potassium sharply exceeds the normal numerical criteria, the average amount of this ion is 6.932±0.772. When compared with the control, the differences are statistically significant (U = 0, p > 0.05). The amount of sodium in the observation group was 141.4±6.888, which falls within the range of normal values. When compared with the control, the differences are not statistically significant (U = 36, p > 0.05).Thus, when opisthorchiasis in the long-term invasion in rabbits in the experiment, an ionic imbalance is observed, with a predominance of potassium, with normal so-dium content. The established changes can be associated with impaired renal func-tion, angiopathy, general intoxication, provoked by the disease.
EPIZOOTOLOGY DIROFILARIASIS OF URBAN POPULATION IN DOGS OF IVANOVO REGION
Authors: Sokolov  , Krjuchkova  , Abalihin
Published: August 2019

In recent years, in the European part of the Russian Federation, there has been an increase of invasions transmitted through blood-sucking insects – mosquitoes of the genus Aedes, Culex, Anopheles, which are intermediate hosts of Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens, which parasitize carnivorous animals. In the Ivanovo region, the extensiveness of dirofilaria invasion in residential and stray dogs is 2.6 and 5.3%, respectively. In the period 2010–2018 we examined dogs located in the territory of the regional center – the city of Ivanovo and cities of regional significance. The study was subjected to 95 stray, 743 mongrel dogs and 844 dogs of various breeds. Our research showed that microfilariae were found in 48 dogs in the territory of the cities of the Ivanovo region, the average extensiveness of invasion was 2.8% with an invasion intensity of 1-36 larvae in the field of view of the microscope. The infection of dogs with dirofilariae over the years ranged from 2.3% to 3.11%. In carnivores, we diagnosed only one type of pathogen – Dirofilaria repens. The greatest extensiveness of dirofilaria invasion was found in fighting dogs (16.6%), homeless (stray) dogs (5.3%). Microdirulence of the service dogs, street mongrel dogs and hunting breeds were microorganisms, respectively, 3.1%, 3.0% and 2.6%. Dogs living in the houses and apartments of their owners, both decorative and mongrel, were infested by dirofilaria larvae to a lesser extent 2.3–2.0%. The extensiveness of invasion of the examined pedigree dogs ranged from 0.8% to 100% and averaged 2.7%. The average invasion of mongrel domestic dogs was 2.7%.
HELMINTH CONTAMINATION OF THE AMERICAN MINK IN THE URBANIZED TERRITORIES OF THE VYATKA-KAMA INTERFLUVES
Authors: Strelnikov
Published: August 2019

On the territory of the Vyatka-Kama interfluve within the Kirov region in the 2011–2017, method of complete helminthological autopsies investigated 39 individuals of American mink urbanized territories. The study of trichinosis was conducted with the help of the compressor method. The calculation of extensiveness, the intensity of invasion and abundance index was carried out.The infection extensity with helminths of the American mink is 92,3%. Helminth fauna is represented by seven species from two classes: Trematoda and Nematoda. Four species of helminthes were found in females: Alaria alata (larvae), Eupariphium melis, Capillaria putorii, Capillaria mucronata. The intensity of infection A. putoriiand I. melis significantly exceeds in males than in females (t = 5,1, P ≥ 0.999 and t = 2,3, P ≥ 0,95). The intensity of infection with helminths is significantly exceeded in young American mink than of adults (t = 2,4, P ≥ 0,95 и t = 2,5, P ≥ 0,95).The first place in terms of occurrence is Capillaria putorii. It is found in most in-fected minks (71.8%). It is localized mainly in the stomach. If the stomach is empty, the nematode is localized in its mucosa. Sometimes they are recorded in the intes-tines. This nematode also ranks first in the intensity of invasion: the average number of C. putorii in all infected animals was 102 copies, and the maximum – 493 copies. C. putorii has the highest abundance index (73.2 ind.) and dominates the parasite of the American mink transformed areas. Eupariphium melis is the only trematode recorded in the adult stage of the American mink in urban biocenoses. The extensive invasion was 56.4%. The intensity of invasion – 11 (1–40) copies.
MAIN DIRECTIONS OF INCREASING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TRICHINOSCOPIC CONTROL
Authors: Uspensky  , Skvortsova
Published: August 2019

Trichinosis is one of the most dangerous parasitic zoonoses which is characterized by the wide-spread occurrence among the population of the RF and mammals (more than 80 species). Up to 350 cases of this invasion is registered in humans and up to 500 of pig carcasses infected with trichinosis are detected every year, but in general there is a pronounced tendency for stabilization of the situation. Trichinosis is most often detected among game animals (bears, boars, raccoon dogs, etc.) in the natural biocenosis, and this has a significant epidemiological importance. Due to this fact, the whole territory of the Russian Federation can be considered as a contamina-tion zone or as a troublesome zone in relation to this invasion. This article presents scientific and technical information on the spreading of trichinosis in the Russian Federation, the existing approaches to ensuring well-being in relation to this in-vasion among the population and farm animals. Modern methods of a veterinary-sanitary inspection for trichinosis and their prospective viability in different working conditions were evaluated. The main method for the prevention of trichinosis is a veterinary-sanitary inspection performed through the compressor trichinoscopy or peptolysis. There is a promising direction in the development and serial production of a computer trichinelloscope with corresponding software, as well as of a portable trichinelloscope for use in field conditions. A comprehensive assessment of the new generation of instruments and devices for trichinoscopic control has shown their effectiveness in ensuring the parasitic safety of meat products, their importance for monitoring trichinosis and licensing of livestock facilities.
CHARACTERISTIC OF COMBINED NATURAL FOCI OF DISTOMIASIS IN THE ECOSYSTEM OF THE LOWER STREAM VAGAJ RIVER (TYUMEN REGION)
Authors: Ushakov
Published: August 2019

In the ecosystem of the lower stream of the Vagaj river is established the presence of natural foci of opisthorchiasis, metorchisiases (Metorchis bilis, Metorchis xanthoso-mus), rhipidocotyliasis and paracoenogonimiasis forming 10 types of combined foci. The combination of natural foci of trematodes in the presence of common hosts of the pathogen in nine types of combined foci is predetermined by the formation of parasitocenosis between hemypopulations of the parasite and populations of hosts, and in one combined focus – parasitocenosis in parasitic systems. At the same time, these parasitic systems of agents form infestation-infestation population-combined and system-combined foci. 6 sites of the river bed and 12 floodplain reservoirs have been searched for the presence of mollusks – the first intermediate hosts of trema-todes. Malacofauna of the reservoirs is represented by 10 species of mollusks. Their number is extremely variable and varies from the complete absence of some species to 15–20 specimens/m2Limnaea stagnalis and Anodonta cygnea. 988 youngs-of-the year, 219 of one-year old, 118 – two years old and 14 – three years old fishes of the family Cyprinidae, caught at 14 biotopes, have been investigated by the compressor method. Youngs-of-the year and yearlings were compressed and viewed completely. The study of the fishes showed their infestation by metacercariae Opisthorchis felin-eus, Metorchis bilis, Metorchis xanthosomus, Paracoenogonimus ovatus, and Rhipido-cotyle companula.
SEROEPIDEMIOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF CONDITIONALLY HEALTHY POPULATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF ADYGEYA
Authors: Chernikova  , Dumbadze  , Tverdokhlebova  , Shovgenova
Published: August 2019

Parasitic diseases occupy one of the leading positions in the structure of infectious morbidity in the Russian Federation. Helminthiasis accounts for about 90% of all parasitic diseases. A special place among parasitic diseases is taken by larval helminthosis, including echinococcosis, trichinosis and toxocarosis. Seroepidemiological studies are an important part of epidemiological monitoring. Immunoassay analysis has a high diagnostic value in parasitic diseases. The reference center for larvial helminthiases of the federal budgetary institution of science of the Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology for many years conducts seroepidemiological studies of relatively healthy population in the Republic of Adygeya. The method of immunoenzymatic analysis determined the presence of specific antibodies of class G to Toxocara canis, Echinococcus granulosus and Trichinella spiralis in more than 1500 blood serums. The average long-term seroprevalence rate of the conditionally healthy population of the Republic of Adygeya for toxocariosis is 37.2%. The average share of positive results for eight years for echinococcosis is 2.77%. For trichinosis, the mean annual seroprevalence rate of the population is 1.23%. The obtained results indicate that the potential for the risk of infestation by the larvial helminth infections of the population of the Republic of Adygeya remains, as well as the need for further research.
SPECIFIC AND POPULATION ADAPTATION OF CIRCULAR NEMATODES
Authors: Babich  , Babich  , Prikhodko
Published: August 2019

The seasonal and perennial age structure of the population was studied in detail using the example of an oat nematode. The release of larvae from cysts into the soil with different intensities occurs practically throughout the entire vegetation period of host plants. Therefore, the age structure of the population changed with a certain cyclical nature and successive dominance of individual phases of development. At the beginning of May, diapausing larvae of the second age dominated in the age structure. In the first decade of June, a significant part of the population remained in anabiosis (36%) with a high proportion of parasitic larvae of the third (21%) and fourth (16%) ages, and later in the structure of the population an increase in the number of adult individuals: females and males occurred. After the formation of eggs, females eventually died off and turned into cysts - a stage of rest. It was also established that despite the optimal abiotic conditions and the presence of forage plants, part of the oat nematode population remained in diapause for many years, remaining an insurance fund for the survival of the species. The cyst nematode diapause should be divided into physiological — genetically fixed adaptation of the organism to experiencing cyclical adverse conditions and physical — induced by the short-term effect of meteorological factors. In whole, the general patterns of seasonal dynamics of the release of larvae from cysts were also observed when growing unresponsive crops of the crop rotation or keeping the experimental plots under clean steam. However, when activated by optimal hydrothermal conditions, and when growing insensitive crops with root secretions, the second instar larvae emerge from cysts, on average, 1.5–2 times less than the stimulating effect of typical host plants.
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF ECHINOCOCCUS MULTILOCULARIS CESTODES IN EUROPE AS DETERMINED BY MITOCHONDRIAL AND NUCLEAR SEQUENCES
Authors: Šnábel Viliam , Sréter Tamás , Gottstein Bruno , Gawor Jakub , Romig Thomas , Miterpáková Martina
Published: August 2019

Alveolar echinococcosis caused by metacestode stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis is considered as one of the most pathogenic zoonoses in temperate and arctic regions. To more thoroughly ascertain genetic diversity in E. multilocularis tapeworms from Europe and to indicate transmission patterns of parasite, 25 isolates from a contiguous territory of eight European countries were subjected to sequencing of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. A total of 2 715 nucleotide sequences in nad1, cox1, rrnS, atp6 and actII genes were screened in the current study. Whereas in 24 isolates profiles belonging to a previously described European clade were identified, the interesting feature was related to the detection of the form being close to North American strain N1 (that appeared to have lower zoonotic potential) in Austrian patient. The known occurrence of this variant has thus extended from the St. Lawrence Island in the Bering Sea and Russian isolates in Yakutia to central Europe. The finding indicates that N1 genotype has not only circumpolar trans-Beringian distribution, but during glacial events in Pleistocene a more southerly fox dispersal has likely transmitted N1 into central Europe. Further distinguished genotype was confined to four isolates from southern Germany (mountain range of Swabian Jura) and had five substitutions compared to the main European form. One Latvian isolate had two mutations in cox1, one of which was identical to German isolates from Feldstetten. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected in single isolates from Slovakia, Hungary and France in cox1 and actIIgenes. Lower genetic diversity detected in the examined isolates in more peripheral zones of its European distribution has supported Knapp ́s model (2009) suggesting that parasite focus in Europe is governed by “mainland-island” transmission where ancestral foci supply hitherto non-endemic areas by dispersal generated by fox mobility and migration.
ON INFECTION OF RABBITS OF THE GIANT BREED WITH DIFFERENT SPECIES OF AMERI IN LABORATORY CONDITIONS
Authors: Barseghyan  , Petrosyan  , Nikoghosyan  , Dudukchyan
Published: August 2019

Rabbits’ eimeriosis is widespread in Armenia. In 2015–2018 we found 7 species of coccidia of the genus Eimeria: E. magna, E. media, E. perforans, E. irresidua, E. coecicola, E. exigua and E. stiedae in the mountainous, foothill and flat zones. However, in addition to the above species, the giant form of E. sp. (size of oocysts: length – 62.5 microns, width – 31.25 microns) was found in the winter in the mountainous zone, and in the spring, in the private farms of the plain zone. An analysis of our research has shown that 3-month-old rabbits become infected with oocysts of ameri within 3 days. At the same time, they are infected with 9 species of oocyst of ameri – E. magna, E. media, E. perforans, E. irresidua, E. coecicola, E. exigua, and two sizes of E. sp. of a giant form (form 1 – 28.13х53.13 microns and form 2 – 31.25х62.50 microns). The species E. coecicola was found in one individual on the first day of the study, and the species E. exigua in two individuals on the fifth day of the study. The highest level of infection with the species E. magna, E. perforans, E. irresidua, E. sp.-1 (giant form-1) was registered on the 3rd day of research. Type E. media is an optional pathogen. The highest infection level of this species was recorded on the 2nd day of research. Despite the fact that in the giant second form of E. sp.-2, infection ranged by day, invasion was weak throughout the study days.
FEATURES OF THE REGIONAL PATHOLOGY OF ESOPHAGOSTOMOSIS IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS REGION CONSIDERING THE BREED AND AGE OF SHEEP
Authors: Begieva  , Bittirov
Published: August 2019

New data were obtained when studying the characteristics of the regional pathology of esophagostomosis in the North Caucasus region, taking into account the breed and age of the sheep. The research materials were sets of intestinal sections (90 sets each) and feces samples (300 samples each) of North Caucasian of meat-wool and Karachay breeds. In work the method of full helmintologic of opening according to K.I. Scryabin to account for nematodes of the genus Oesophagostomum, of as well as methods of coprolarvoscopy to account for the number of larvae in the feces. The determination of the species of nematodes was carried out according to the Kapustin determinant. Esophagostomosis in Kabardino-Balkaria is an enzootic invasion with coverage of 44.44–61.11% of the sheep population. The intensity of infection by nematodes of the genus Oesophagostomum ranges from 110.3±12.8 to 303.53±28.20 ekz. / head. In lambs up to 1 year, the EI of esophagostomosis was 63.33% with II – 328.6±28.3 ekz. / head; in Karachai lambs, 43.33% and 212.4±19.2 ekz. / head, respectively; in young sheep 1–2 years, the EI of esophagostomosis was 80.00% with II – 406.3±39.9 ekz. / head; in the Karachai breed – 63.33% and 289.6±25.7 ekz./ head. Conclusion. Esophagostomy of the most susceptible sheep of all ages of the North Caucasian meat-wool breed compared to Karachai, which is associated with the characteristics of the range and ecology. Esophagostomy, regardless of the breed, lambs up to 1 year old and young sheep of 1–2 years old are ill, which should be used when predicting the epizootic situation in the subjects of the Russian Federation.
Exploratory study on the effectiveness of learning one dance step per day in the workplace to improve subjective physical and mental well-being
Authors: Vincent Lucy , Kuliukas Lesley , Duggan Ravani
Published: August 2019

Results from the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 questionnaires taken before and after a 4-week intervention consisting of learning a new dance step every working day.
Risk assessment and management in domestic water supply system in Pleiku city – Gia Lai province
Authors: Nguyễn Tuấn Anh , Nguyễn Minh Kỳ , Nguyễn Ninh Hải
Published: August 2019

Water is essential for maintaining life, ensuring a safe and continuous supply of water, therefore, it should be given the priority for concerns. Developing countries often face a number of problems with domestic water supply systems such as treatment plants with old technologies, degraded equipment leading to inefficient treatment, and a network of degraded piping, which could cause re-pollution of treated water during transport. Pleiku city, which is located in the Central Highlands of Vietnam, has built two treatment plants and a network of water supply pipelines in the core area. An analysis of the current state of the water supply system including water supply, treatment plant and pipeline system helps identify existing problems in the system. Through mixed methods, hazards or hazardous events are identified as a basis for risk assessment by using semi – quantitative method to assess raw risk and residual risk for each hazard. Priority risks are identified to focus on proposing the possible solutions that will improve the performance and management of domestic water supply systems.
Using of high-resolution satellite images in object-based image analysis
Authors: YURTSEVEN Hüseyin , YENER Hakan
Published: August 2019

Remote Sensing technologies have been used quite a long time in forestry applications. While the more acquired data can be obtained with traditional survey and photogrammetric techniques, they required relatively more manpower and time consuming. The most important characteristics of this research will bring the new opportunities for forestry applications by using the object-based classification methods with multispectral satellite images that have high spatial resolution (<1meter). In this individual tree and forest stand based research, the solutions searched with using very high-resolution (VHR) satellite images for time-consuming problems in forestry applications.
SNI - 2491-2014
Authors: Subandi
Published: August 2019

This is the standard method of tensile strength test for split concrete cylindrical specimens issued by the Indonesian National Standard Board (SNI) of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) on "The tensile strength test method of cylindrical concrete specimens" is a revision of SNI 03-2491-2002, Testing methods the tensile strength of concrete. This standard is the result of identical adoption of ASTM C496 / C496M-04, Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens. This standard was prepared by the 91-01 Technical Committee on Building Construction Materials and Civil Engineering through the Building Materials Working Group on the 91-01-S4 Technical Sub-Committee on Building Materials, Science and Construction. The writing procedures are compiled following the BSN Guideline Number 8 of 2007 and have been discussed in a consensus meeting on June 3, 2013, in Bandung, by a Technical Sub-Committee involving speakers, experts, and related institutions.
Consonant Voicing Landmark Detection
Authors: はなさき
Published: August 2019

The landmark detection is the first step of a knowledge-based speech recognition system. For landmark detection, it is necessary to extract some useful landmark acoustic parameters. In this project, we do a extensive study about consonant voicing landmark detection.
Bayesian models of cognition revisited: Setting optimality aside and letting data drive psychological theory
Authors: Tauber Sean , Navarro Danielle , Perfors Andrew , Steyvers Mark
Published: August 2019

Recent debates in the psychological literature have raised questions about the assumptions that underpin Bayesian models of cognition and what inferences they license about human cognition. In this paper we revisit this topic, arguing that there are 2 qualitatively different ways in which a Bayesian model could be constructed. The most common approach uses a Bayesian model as a normative standard upon which to license a claim about optimality. In the alternative approach, a descriptive Bayesian model need not correspond to any claim that the underlying cognition is optimal or rational, and is used solely as a tool for instantiating a substantive psychological theory. We present 3 case studies in which these 2 perspectives lead to different computational models and license different conclusions about human cognition. We demonstrate how the descriptive Bayesian approach can be used to answer different sorts of questions than the optimal approach, especially when combined with principled tools for model evaluation and model selection. More generally we argue for the importance of making a clear distinction between the 2 perspectives. Considerable confusion results when descriptive models and optimal models are conflated, and if Bayesians are to avoid contributing to this confusion it is important to avoid making normative claims when none are intended.
The social function of rationalization: An identity perspective
Authors: Van Bavel Jay Joseph , Sternisko Anni , Harris Elizabeth Ann , Robertson Claire
Published: August 2019

In this commentary, we offer an additional function of rationalization. Namely, in certain social contexts, the proximal and ultimate function of beliefs and desires is social inclusion. In such contexts, rationalization often facilitates distortion of rather than approximation to truth. Understanding social identity is not only timely and important, but critical to fully understand the function(s) of rationalization.
Towards a more robust and replicable science of infant development
Authors: Frank Michael C.
Published: August 2019

If you scroll through the table of contents of Infant Behavior and Development ten years from now, what mix of articles should you find? If the past predicts the future, most articles will be empirical reports: one or a series of experiments conducted at a single site, typically investigating a novel phenomenon or with a new take on a previous experimental paradigm. On the other hand, based on recent changes in psychology more generally, we might expect a broader range of articles. The papers in this special issue provide a compelling template for the kind of careful empirical work combined with methodological innovation that will increasingly characterize the cutting edge of infancy research.
The Small World of Words: English word association norms for over 12,000 cue words
Authors: De Deyne Simon , Navarro Danielle , Perfors Andrew , Brysbaert Marc , Storms Gert
Published: August 2019

Word associations have been used widely in psychology, but the validity of their application strongly depends on the number of cues included in the study and the extent to which they probe all associations known by an individual. In this work, we address both issues by introducing a new English word association dataset. We describe the collection of word associations for over 12,000 cue words, currently the largest such English-language resource in the world. Our procedure allowed subjects to provide multiple responses for each cue, which permits us to measure weak associations. We evaluate the utility of the dataset in several different contexts, including lexical decision and semantic categorization. We also show that measures based on a mechanism of spreading activation derived from this new resource are highly predictive of direct judgments of similarity. Finally, a comparison with existing English word association sets further highlights systematic improvements provided through these new norms.
A Computational Theory of Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy from the “Bayesian Brain” Perspective
Authors: Manjaly Zina-Mary , Iglesias Sandra
Published: August 2019

Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) was developed to combine methods from cognitive behavioural therapy and meditative techniques, with the specific goal of preventing relapse in recurrent depression. While supported by empirical evidence from multiple clinical trials, the cognitive mechanisms behind the effectiveness of MBCT are not well understood in computational (information processing) or biological terms.This article introduces a testable theory about the computational mechanisms behind MBCT that is grounded in “Bayesian brain” concepts of perception from cognitive neuroscience, such as predictive coding. These concepts regard the brain as embodying a model of its environment (including the external world and the body) which predicts future sensory inputs and is updated by prediction errors, depending on how precise these error signals are.This article offers a concrete proposal how core concepts of MBCT – the being mode, decentring, and reactivity – could be understood in terms of perceptual and metacognitive processes that draw on specific computational mechanisms of the “Bayesian brain”. Importantly, the proposed theory can be tested experimentally, using a combination of behavioural paradigms, computational modelling, and neuroimaging. The novel theoretical perspective on MBCT described in this paper may offer opportunities for finessing the conceptual and practical aspects of MBCT.
Model-Based and Model-Free Social Cognition
Authors: Hackel Leor M , Berg Jeffrey Jordan , Lindström Björn , Amodio David
Published: August 2019

Do habits play a role in our social impressions? To investigate the contribution of habits to the formation of social attitudes, we examined the roles of model-free and model-based reinforcement learning in social interactions—computations linked in past work to habit and planning, respectively. Participants in this study learned about novel individuals in a sequential reinforcement learning paradigm, choosing financial advisors who led them to high- or low-paying stocks. Results indicated that participants relied on both model-based and model-free learning, such that each independently predicted choice during the learning task and self-reported liking in a post-task assessment. Specifically, participants liked advisors who could provide large future rewards as well as advisors who had provided them with large rewards in the past. Moreover, participants varied in their use of model-based and model-free learning strategies, and this individual difference influenced the way in which learning related to self-reported attitudes: among participants who relied more on model-free learning, model-free social learning related more to post-task attitudes. We discuss implications for attitudes, trait impressions, and social behavior, as well as the role of habits in a memory systems model of social cognition.
The diversity effect in inductive reasoning depends on sampling assumptions
Authors: Hayes Brett , Navarro Danielle , Stephens Rachel Gloria , Ransom Keith , Dilevski Natali
Published: August 2019

A key phenomenon in inductive reasoning is the diversity effect, whereby a novel property is more likely to be generalized when it is shared by an evidence sample composed of diverse instances than a sample composed of similar instances. We outline a Bayesian model and an experimental study that show that the diversity effect depends on the assumption that samples of evidence were selected by a helpful agent (strong sampling). Inductive arguments with premises containing either diverse or nondiverse evidence samples were presented under different sampling conditions, where instructions and filler items indicated that the samples were selected intentionally (strong sampling) or randomly (weak sampling). A robust diversity effect was found under strong sampling, but was attenuated under weak sampling. As predicted by our Bayesian model, the largest effect of sampling was on arguments with nondiverse evidence, where strong sampling led to more restricted generalization than weak sampling. These results show that the characteristics of evidence that are deemed relevant to an inductive reasoning problem depend on beliefs about how the evidence was generated.
Learning Open Science by doing Open Science. A reflection of a qualitative research project-based seminar.
Authors: Steinhardt Isabel
Published: August 2019

Openness in science and education is increasing in importance within the digital knowledge society. So far, less attention has been paid to teaching Open Science in bachelor’s degrees or in qualitative methods. Therefore, the aim of this article is to use a seminar example to explore what Open Science practices can be taught in qualitative research and how digital tools can be involved. The seminar focused on the following practices: Open data practices, the practice of using the free and open source tool “Collaborative online Interpretation, the practice of participating, cooperating, collaborating and contributing through participatory technologies and in social (based) networks. To learn Open Science practices, the students were involved in a qualitative research project about “Use of digital technologies for the study and habitus of students”. The study shows the practices of Open Data are easy to teach, whereas the use of free and open source tools and participatory technologies for collaboration, participation, cooperation and contribution is more difficult. In addition, a cultural shift would have to take place within German universities to promote Open Science practices in general.
Mídia e mobilidade urbana: abordagens das indenizações a motociclistas acidentados
Authors: Assis Cássia Lobão
Published: August 2019

O presente artigo analisa estratégias de telejornais para tratar do aumento de indenizações por acidentes que envolvem usuários de motocicletas. Para embasar nossas reflexões, utilizamos a teoria construcionista ou newsmaking. Como objeto de pesquisa, consideramos uma reportagem da Rede Record(08/08/2017) e outra da Rede Globo (28/09/2017). Nessas reportagens, ocorre uma ampliação da perspectiva meramente factual das narrativas.
IMPACT CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS QUALITY SERVICE FOR DELIVERY PROCESS AT RAILWAY STATION IN MALAYSIA
Authors: BIN ADENAN MUHAMMAD FARAHAN
Published: August 2019

Nowadays, the transportation sector is now an important infrastructure for boosting the global economy as well as sponsoring national income as it is currently being expanded in urban and rural areas as well as helping to manage the delivery smoothly and smoothly. Hence, this research aims to determine how the quality services that can be handled during the delivery process are carried out through the railway. As well as the study to determine the impact during the delivery process to customers to ensure that all the services provided meet customer demand during the delivery process. In addition, this study also identifies the proposed improvements in management aspects. Five dimensions in SERVQUAL are used as indicators to influence customer satisfaction. In this study, five SERVQUAL dimensions must have a positive relationship with customer satisfaction and to know which dimensions are most important and dominant based on this study. Estimated sample size is determined because the sample size selection in accordance with the required estimation required is an important consideration to be taken into account in this study. For this method, researchers have identified several factors that can be used in major variables and secondary variables. For this researcher, the main variables are for customer satisfaction and the second variable is the quality service for the transmission process. At the end of the study, the researchers suggested some suggestions for the relevant parties to give customers the advantage of using the freight forwarding process by train.