bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mimicking Primitive Photobacteria: Sustainable Hydrogen Evolution Based on Peptide–Porphyrin Co‐Assemblies with a Self‐Mineralized Reaction Center
Authors: Liu Kai , Xing Ruirui , Li Yongxin , Zou Qianli , Möhwald Helmuth , Yan Xuehai
Published: September 2016

Molecular evolution, with self‐organization of simple molecules towards complex functional systems, provides a new strategy for biomimetic architectonics and perspectives for understanding the complex processes of life. However, there remain many challenges to fabrication of systems comprising different types of units, which interact with one another to perform desired functions. Challenges arise from a lack of stability, dynamic properties, and functionalities that reconcile with a given environment. A co‐assembling fiber system composed of simple peptide and porphyrin is presented. This material is considered a prebiotic assembly of molecules that can be rather stable and flexibly self‐functionalized with the assistance of visible light in a “prebiotic soup”; acidic (pH 2), hot (70 °C), and mineral‐containing (Na+, Ti4+, Pt2+, and so forth) water. The co‐assembled peptide–porphyrin fiber, with self‐mineralized reaction centers, may serve as a primitive photobacteria‐like cellular model to achieve light harvesting, energy transfer, and ultimately sustainable hydrogen evolution.
Towards J/mol Accuracy for the Cohesive Energy of Solid Argon
Authors: Schwerdtfeger Peter , Tonner Ralf , Moyano Gloria E. , Pahl Elke
Published: September 2016

The cohesive energies of argon in its cubic and hexagonal closed packed structures are computed with an unprecedented accuracy of about 5 J mol−1 (corresponding to 0.05 % of the total cohesive energy). The same relative accuracy with respect to experimental data is also found for the face‐centered cubic lattice constant deviating by ca. 0.003 Å. This level of accuracy was enabled by using high‐level theoretical, wave‐function‐based methods within a many‐body decomposition of the interaction energy. Static contributions of two‐, three‐, and four‐body fragments of the crystal are all individually converged to sub‐J mol−1 accuracy and complemented by harmonic and anharmonic vibrational corrections. Computational chemistry is thus achieving or even surpassing experimental accuracy for the solid‐state rare gases.
Outdoor weathering behavior of polyamide 6 under various climates in China
Authors: Shi Kaihua , Gao Lihua , Tao Youji , Ye Lin , Li Guangxian , Jie Ganxin
Published: September 2016

The outdoor natural weathering of polyamide 6 (PA6) was performed at six national standard natural exposure stations (at Qionghai, Guangzhou, Qingdao, Lhasa, Hailaer, and Ruoqiang), which represented the six typical climates over China. The outdoor aging behavior was studied. We found that under high temperature and humidity in the areas of Guangzhou, Qionghai, and Qingdao, the concentration of the end carboxyl group of PA6 increased significantly and the molecular weight decreased because of serious hydrolytic degradation. This resulted in a deterioration of the mechanical properties, high yellowing degree, and serious damage of the sample surface. While in the areas of Lhasa and Ruoqiang, with the relatively low temperature, humidity, and oxygen content in the atmosphere, the aging degree and corrosion index were low, and this resulted in the slow change of performances. Humidity, temperature, and rainfall may be the main environmental factors affecting the degradation of PA6. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44231.
Crosslinkable poly(lactic acid)‐based materials: Biomass‐derived solution for barrier coatings
Authors: Mehtiö Tuomas , Anghelescu‐Hakala Adina , Hartman Jonas , Kunnari Vesa , Harlin Ali
Published: September 2016

The demand for biobased barrier packaging alternatives is constantly growing. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)‐based polymers are one of the most extensively studied biomass‐derived synthetic polymers; however, they typically lack water‐barrier properties. We synthesized a copolymer of d,l‐lactic acid, 1,4‐butanediol, and itaconic acid [poly(d,l‐lactic acid–1,4‐butanediol–itaconic acid) (PLABDIA)] via bulk polycondensation. The radical crosslinking reactions of the synthesized polymer were investigated with bulk crosslinking trials to find a formulation that was suitable for a rapidly crosslinkable barrier coating. The crosslinking efficiency was tested with methacrylate and acrylate crosslinkers together with peroxide radical initiators. Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (number‐average molecular weight = 250 g/mol) together with dilauroyl peroxide proved to be the best crosslinker–initiator combination. An aqueous dispersion of PLABDIA was prepared with a thermomechanical method and applied to commercial boxboard on a pilot‐scale line coater. With a coating weight of 10 g/m2, a water vapor transmission rate of 22.8 g/m2d was achieved, and this coating outperformed commercial extruded PLA coatings. The samples also showed very good grease resistance and would, therefore, be a good solution for the packaging of dry and fatty goods. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44326.
Integrating ecosystem services into conservation strategies for freshwater and marine habitats: a review
Authors: Boulton Andrew J. , Ekebom Jan , Gíslason Gísli már
Published: September 2016

Over the last two decades, there has been increasing public and political recognition of society's dependency upon natural habitat complexity and ecological processes to sustain provision of crucial ecosystem services, ranging from supplying potable water through to climate regulation. How has the ecosystem‐services perspective been integrated into strategies for aquatic habitat conservation?

Literature on conservation of diverse freshwater and marine habitats was reviewed to assess the extent to which past and current strategies specifically targeted ecosystem services, and considered ecosystem functions, potential trade‐offs and social issues when formulating protection measures for conserving aquatic habitats.

Surprisingly few published examples exist where comprehensive assessment of ecosystem services supported development of conservation plans. Seldom were aquatic habitat conservation objectives framed in terms of balancing trade‐offs, assessing social values and evaluating suites of ecosystem services under different strategies. Time frames for achieving these objectives were also rarely specified. There was no evidence for fundamental differences between marine and freshwater habitats with respect to their ecosystem services that should be considered when setting targets for their conservation.

When an ecosystem‐service perspective is used for setting objectives in aquatic habitat conservation, the following actions are recommended: (1) explicitly listing and evaluating full suites of ecosystem services to be conserved; (2) identifying current and future potential trade‐offs arising from conservation; (3) specifying time frames within which particular strategies might protect or enhance desired services; and (4) predicting how different proposed strategies might affect each ecosystem function, service flow and public benefit.

This approach will help ensure that less‐apparent ecosystem services (e.g. regulating, supporting) and their associated ecosystem functions receive adequate recognition and protection in aquatic conservation of freshwater and marine habitats. However, conservation objectives should not focus solely on protecting or enhancing ecosystem services but complement current strategies targeting biodiversity and other conservation goals.

Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IDENTIFICATION AND EXPRESSION ANALYSIS OF TWO 14‐3‐3 PROTEINS IN THE MOSQUITO Aedes aegypti, AN IMPORTANT ARBOVIRUSES VECTOR
Authors: Trujillo‐Ocampo Abel , Cázares‐Raga Febe Elena , Celestino‐Montes Antonio , Cortés‐Martínez Leticia , Rodríguez Mario H. , Hernández‐Hernández Fidel de la Cruz
Published: September 2016

The 14‐3‐3 proteins are evolutionarily conserved acidic proteins that form a family with several isoforms in many cell types of plants and animals. In invertebrates, including dipteran and lepidopteran insects, only two isoforms have been reported. 14‐3‐3 proteins are scaffold molecules that form homo‐ or heterodimeric complexes, acting as molecular adaptors mediating phosphorylation‐dependent interactions with signaling molecules involved in immunity, cell differentiation, cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, and cancer. Here, we describe the presence of two isoforms of 14‐3‐3 in the mosquito Aedes aegypti, the main vector of dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and zika viruses. Both isoforms have the conserved characteristics of the family: two protein signatures (PS1 and PS2), an annexin domain, three serine residues, targets for phosphorylation (positions 58, 184, and 233), necessary for their function, and nine alpha helix‐forming segments. By sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis, we found that the molecules correspond to Ɛ and ζ isoforms (Aeae14‐3‐3ε and Aeae14‐3‐3ζ). The messengers and protein products were present in all stages of the mosquito life cycle and all the tissues analyzed, with a small predominance of Aeae14‐3‐3ζ except in the midgut and ovaries of adult females. The 14‐3‐3 proteins in female midgut epithelial cells were located in the cytoplasm. Our results may provide insights to further investigate the functions of these proteins in mosquitoes.
KHCO3‐ and DBU‐Promoted Cascade Reaction to Synthesize 3‐Benzyl‐2‐phenylquinolin‐4(1 H)‐ones
Authors: Ma Haojie , Zhou Xiaoqiang , Wei DaiDong , Cao Jinhui , Shi Chong , Fan Yuxing , Huang Guosheng
Published: September 2016

A novel and convenient one‐pot route for the synthesis of 3‐benzyl‐2‐phenylquinolin‐4(1 H)‐ones has been developed under transition‐metal‐free conditions. This new strategy features high yield and good functional group tolerance. In addition, a proposed mechanism has been confirmed for this reaction.
Extreme makeover: Engineering the activity of a thermostable alcohol dehydrogenase (AdhD) from Pyrococcus furiosus
Authors: Solanki Kusum , Abdallah Walaa , Banta Scott
Published: September 2016

Alcohol dehydrogenase D (AdhD) is a monomeric thermostable alcohol dehydrogenase from the aldo‐keto reductase (AKR) superfamily of proteins. We have been exploring various strategies of engineering the activity of AdhD so that it could be employed in future biotechnology applications. Driven by insights made in other AKRs, we have made mutations in the cofactor‐binding pocket of the enzyme and broadened its cofactor specificity. A pre‐steady state kinetic analysis yielded new insights into the conformational behavior of this enzyme. The most active mutant enzyme concomitantly gained activity with a non‐native cofactor, nicotinamide mononucleotide, NMN(H), and an enzymatic biofuel cell was demonstrated with this enzyme/cofactor pair. Substrate specificity was altered by grafting loop regions near the active site pocket from a mesostable human aldose reductase (hAR) onto the thermostable AdhD. These moves not only transferred the substrate specificity of hAR but also the cofactor specificity of hAR. We have added alpha‐helical appendages to AdhD to enable it to self‐assemble into a thermostable catalytic proteinaceous hydrogel. As our understanding of the structure/function relationship in AdhD and other AKRs advances, this ubiquitous protein scaffold could be engineered for a variety of catalytic activities that will be useful for many future applications.
Luminescence and Magnetic Properties of Tb(III) Complexes with TETA and Synergistic Effect by 1,10‐Phenanthroline
Authors: Kang Jung‐Soo , Leung Kam Tong , Cho Hyung‐Kook , Kang Jun‐Gill , Sohn Youngku
Published: September 2016

Two Tb(III) complexes, [Tb(TETA)]− and [Tb(TETA)(phen)]− (TETA = 1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane‐1,4,8,11‐tetraacetate and phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline), were synthesized and their luminescence (
5D4
→
7F
J

=0–6 transitions) and magnetic properties were examined. The photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield of [Tb(TETA)(phen)]− (Q = 0.47) was significantly higher than that of [Tb(TETA)]− (Q = 0.006). The dramatic increase (78×) in green luminescence was attributed to intramolecular energy transfer from phen to Tb(III). The energy transfer rate according to Dexter theory was found to be approximately 1011 s−1. The temperature dependence of the molar susceptibilities confirmed that the two complexes behave as paramagnets obeying the Curie–Weiss law. In addition, the field‐dependent magnetization of the two complexes measured in the −70 to + 70 kOe range at T = 1.8 K fitted well with the Brillouin function with the following values: g
eff = 1.5, μ

B
 = 9.27 × 10−21 emu, and J = 6. These results provide new insights into the development of lanthanide metal complexes with tetraaza © 2016 Korean Chemical Society, Seoul & Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheimmacrocyclic ligands.
Absolute oral bioavailability of fenofibric acid and choline fenofibrate in rats determined by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Wei Xudan , Li Ping , Liu Meina , Du Yuqian , Wang Menglin , Zhang Jinling , Wang Jing , Liu Hongzhuo , Liu Xiaohong
Published: September 2016

Choline fenofibrate is the choline salt of fenofibric acid, which releases free fenofibric acid in the gastrointestinal tract. To estimate the absolute oral bioavailability of fenofibric acid and choline fenofibrate, a novel and sensitive UPLC–MS/MS method with liquid–liquid extraction procedure was developed for the determination of fenofibric acid in rat plasma. The separation was achieved on a Phenomenex Kinetex C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, 2.6 μm) containing 2 mm ammonium acetate–methanol with a gradient elution program. Validations of this method including specificity, sensitivity (limit of quantification, 5 ng/mL), linearity (0.005–10 μg/mL), accuracy (within ±4.3%), precision (intra‐ and inter‐day coefficient of variation <11.3%), recovery (94.9–105.2% for fenofibric acid), matrix effect, stability and dilution, were all within acceptable limits. This method successfully supported the determination of fenofibric acid and choline fenofibrate. The absolute oral bioavailability was 93.4% for choline fenofibrate and 40.0% for fenofibric acid. These results suggested that choline fenofibrate and fenofibric acid had a better in vivo pharmacokinetic behavior than that of fenofibrate. The two new orally administrated pharmaceuticals, fenofibric acid and choline fenofibrate, can be developed as alternatives to fenofibrate.
Testing plasmid stability of Escherichia coli using the Continuously Operated Shaken BIOreactor System
Authors: Sieben Michaela , Steinhorn Gregor , Müller Carsten , Fuchs Simone , Ann Chin Laura , Regestein Lars , Büchs Jochen
Published: September 2016

Plasmids are common vectors to genetically manipulate Escherichia coli or other microorganisms. They are easy to use and considerable experience has accumulated on their application in heterologous protein production. However, plasmids can be lost during cell growth, if no selection pressure like, e.g., antibiotics is used, hampering the production of the desired protein and endangering the economic success of a biotechnological production process. Thus, in this study the Continuously Operated Shaken BIOreactor System (COSBIOS) is applied as a tool for fast parallel testing of strain stability and operation conditions and to evaluate measures to counter such plasmid loss. In specific, by applying various ampicillin concentrations, the lowest effective ampicillin dosage is investigated to secure plasmid stability while lowering adverse ecological effects. A significant difference was found in the growth rates of plasmid‐bearing and plasmid‐free cells. The undesired plasmid‐free cells grew 30% faster than the desired plasmid‐bearing cells. During the testing of plasmid stability without antibiotics, the population fraction of plasmid‐bearing cells rapidly decreased in continuous culture to zero within the first 48 h. An initial single dosage of ampicillin did not prevent plasmid loss. By contrast, a continuous application of a low dosage of 10 µg/mL ampicillin in the feed medium maintained plasmid stability in the culture. Consequently, the COSBIOS is an apt reactor system for measuring plasmid stability and evaluating methods to enhance this stability. Hence, decreased production of heterologous protein can be prevented. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:1418–1425, 2016
Application of shear wave elastography for the gastrocnemius medial head to tennis leg
Authors: Yoshida Keiichi , Itoigawa Yoshiaki , Maruyama Yuichiro , Saita Yoshitomo , Takazawa Yuji , Ikeda Hiroshi , Kaneko Kazuo , Sakai Tatsuo , Okuwaki Toru
Published: September 2016

Muscle strain of the gastrocnemius medial head mainly occurs at the musculotendinous junction (MTJ), and stiffness is a risk factor. Shear wave elastography (SWE) measures elasticity by determining the propagation velocity. The aim of this study was to measure the elasticity of the normal muscle and aponeurosis in the MTJ of the gastrocnemius medial head using SWE, thus obtaining information relevant to muscle strain at this point. Forty‐one volunteers (82 legs) were recruited and the gastrocnemius medial heads were examined at four points: three on the aponeurosis, namely at the center of the MTJ (Central), 10 mm proximal to it (Proximal) and 10 mm distal to it (Distal); and at one on the muscle belly (Muscle). The measurements were compared among the points, between males and females, and between younger and middle‐aged subjects. Correlations between the elastic modulus and age were also examined. The elastic moduli at Proximal, Central, Distal, and Muscle were 2.82 ± 0.53 m/s, 3.43 ± 0.83 m/s, 4.83 ± 1.56 m/s, and 2.25 ± 0.43 m/s, respectively. These values differed significantly among the points of the aponeurosis, Distal having the highest modulus followed by Central. The elastic moduli were significantly greater in males than females at Distal and Muscle and in younger subjects than middle‐aged subjects at Muscle. No significant correlations between elastic modulus and age were observed for any point. SWE could be a feasible method for quantifying the elasticity of muscle and aponeurosis in the MTJ of the gastrocnemius medial head. Clin. Anat. 30:114–119, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Satureja, Thymus, and Thymbra Species Grown in Lebanon
Authors: Al Hafi Monay , El Beyrouthy Marc , Ouaini Naim , Stien Didier , Rutledge Douglas , Chaillou Sylvain
Published: September 2016

The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation from Satureja cuneifolia, Satureja thymbra, Coridothymus capitatus, Thymus syriacus, and Thymbra spicata growing wild in Lebanon. Their phytochemical analysis performed by GC/MS showed that the aforementioned species are characterized either by carvacrol (60.9%) or thymol (54.3%) or by a more or less equal amounts of these two phenols. Assessment of their in vitro antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans and six pathogenic bacteria using the broth dilution method revealed that the tested oils have a broad activity spectrum with minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 0.1 to 0.8 mg/ml. Among the tested species, S. thymbra EO showed the highest antimicrobial potential whereas T. syriacus showed the lowest inhibitory activity. These results give scientific evidence for the use of those species in the Lebanese folk medicine and lend support to implement them as natural alternatives for synthetic antimicrobials.
The Physical Properties and Self‐Assembly Potential of the RFFFR Peptide
Authors: Slyngborg Morten , Nielsen Dennis Achton , Fojan Peter
Published: September 2016

The self‐assembly of fibers from peptides has attracted a tremendous amount of attention due to its many applications, such as in drug‐delivery systems, in tissue engineering, and in electronic devices. Recently, the self‐assembly potential of the designer peptide RFFFR has been reported. Here it is experimentally verified that the peptide forms fibers that are entangled and form solid spheres without water inside. Upon dilution below the critical fiber concentration, the fibers untangle and become totally separated prior to dissolution. These structures readily bind thioflavin T, resulting in a characteristic change in fluorescent properties consistent with β‐sheet‐rich amyloid structures with aromatic/hydrophobic grooves. The circular dichroism spectroscopy data are dominated by a π→π* transition, thus indicating that the fibers are stabilized by π‐stacking. Contrary to what was expected, the dissolution of the spheres/fibers results in increasing fluorescence anisotropy over time. This is explained in terms of HomoFRET between phenylalanine residues with a T‐shaped π‐stacking mode, which was determined in another study to be the dominant mode through atomistic simulations and semiempirical calculations. Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements indicate that the spheres and fibers have a conductivity comparable to that of gold. Hence, these self‐assembled structures might be applicable in organic solid‐state electronic devices. The dissolution properties of the spheres further suggest that they might be used as drug‐delivery systems.
The fast track to canonical Wnt signaling in MC3T3‐E1 cells protected by substance P against serum deprivation‐induced apoptosis
Authors: Yang Jianguo , Nie Jiping , Fu Su , Liu Song , Wu Jianqun , Cui Liang , Zhang Yongtao , Yu Bin
Published: September 2016

The canonical Wnt pathway is vital to bone physiology by increasing bone mass through elevated osteoblast survival. Although investigated extensively in stem cells, its role in osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells has not been completely determined. To explore how this pathway is regulated by different conditions, we assessed the anti‐apoptotic effects of substance P on the canonical Wnt pathway in MC3T3‐E1 cells by treating cells with serum deprivation or serum starving with “substance P,” a neuropeptide demonstrated to promote bone growth and stimulate Wnt signaling. The results showed that serum deprivation both induced apoptosis and activated Wnt signal transduction while substance P further stimulated the Wnt pathway via the NK‐1 receptor but protected the cells from apoptotic death. Fast‐tracking of Wnt signaling by substance P was also noted. These results indicate that nutritional deprivation and substance P synergistically activated the canonical Wnt pathway, a finding that helps to reveal the role of Wnt signaling in bone physiology affected by nutritional deprivation and neuropeptide substance P.
Asymptomatic parental mosaicism for osteogenesis imperfecta associated with a new splice site mutation in COL1A2
Authors: Frederiksen Anja Lisbeth , Duno Morten , Johnsen Iben B. G. , Nielsen Morten Frost , Krøigård Anne Bruun
Published: September 2016

Key Clinical Message

Recurrent lethal perinatal osteogenesis imperfecta may result from asymptomatic parental mosaicism. A previously unreported mutation in COL1A2 leads to recurrent cases of fetal osteogenesis imperfecta Sillence type IIA, which emphasizes the importance of clinical and genetic evaluation of mosaicism in asymptomatic parents as verified mosaicism highly increases recurrence risk.
Palladium Nanoparticles Hosted on Hydrazine‐Grafted Magnetite and Silica Particles to Catalyze the Reduction of Oxymetal Ions with Formic Acid
Authors: Shrivastava Komal C. , Chappa Sankararao , Sengupta Arijit , Srivastava Amit P. , Pandey Ashok K. , Ramakumar Karanam L.
Published: September 2016

A new synthetic route has been developed to anchor a large amount of Pd nanoparticles (NPs) on the surface of hydrazine‐grafted and (3‐glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane‐coated inorganic host particles such as Fe3O4 and SiO2. The hydrazine‐grafted inorganic particles reduce Pd2+ ions spontaneously under ambient conditions. This results in the production of Pd0 seeds and their nucleation, which leads to the growth of Pd NPs on the surface of the host particle itself. These anchored Pd NPs on Fe3O4 and SiO2 have been characterized by elemental analysis, microscopy, and elemental mapping. Spherical Pd NPs of ≈0.3 and 1 nm are formed uniformly on Fe3O4 (25 nm) and SiO2 (100 nm) particles, respectively. Their concentration on the host particles was 12 mg g−1 for Fe3O4 and 20 mg g−1 for SiO2. These host particles loaded with Pd NPs have been investigated for their catalytic activity in the reduction of representative oxymetal ions such as UO22+ and Cr2O72− ions with formic acid. NP‐loaded SiO2 exhibited a good catalytic activity in both these reductions, whereas Pd NPs on Fe3O4 could reduce Cr2O72− ions only.
Platinum Iron Intermetallic Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Formed In Situ by High‐Pressure Pyrolysis for Efficient Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Hu Yang , Jensen Jens Oluf , Zhang Wei , Cleemann Lars N. , Pan Chao , Li Qingfeng
Published: September 2016

Carbon‐supported PtFe alloy catalysts are synthesized by the one‐step, high‐temperature pyrolysis of Pt, Fe, and C precursors. As a result of the high temperature, the formed PtFe nanoparticles possess highly ordered, face‐centered tetragonal, intermetallic structures with a mean size of ≈11.8 nm. At 0.9 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode, the PtFe nanoparticles show a 6.8 times higher specific activity than the reference Pt/C catalyst towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) as well as excellent stability, most likely because of the durable intermetallic structure and the preleaching treatment of the catalyst. During these preliminary syntheses, we found that a portion of the PtFe nanoparticles is buried in the in situ formed carbon phase, which limits Pt utilization in the catalyst and results in a mass‐specific activity equivalent to the commercial Pt/C catalyst. Moreover, the possible presence of other active sites, for example, FeNx, CNx, and carbon‐encapsulated metal nanoparticles, and their contribution to the ORR performance of the catalyst are also investigated.
Long Alkyl Chain NHC Palladium Complexes for the Amination and Hydrodehalogenation of Aryl Chlorides in Lipophilic Media
Authors: Rühling Andreas , Rakers Lena , Glorius Frank
Published: September 2016

Herein, we present the synthesis of long chain NHC palladium complexes, which are soluble in lipophilic solvents, such as n‐heptane. These complexes enable the amination and hydrodehalogenation of aryl chlorides in moderate to good yields for a broad range of substrates in n‐heptane. Taking into account the caloric power of alkane solvents, such transformations could become a welcome alternative to established solvents (e.g. dioxane) from an industrial point of view.
Career Counseling Research and Practice in Taiwan
Authors: Tien Hsiu‐Lan Shelley , Wang Yu‐Chen
Published: September 2016

This article (a) provides an overview of empirical studies regarding Western career theories applied in Taiwan, (b) discusses current career problems encountered in Taiwan, and (c) explores new perspectives for career counseling practice in Taiwan. Western career theories and important concepts are tested and modified empirically. A hypothetical life design model for increasing the meaning of life is proposed. Career counseling problems are then discussed within the educational system, special groups/adults, and employment/organizations in Taiwan. Implications for career counseling practice are discussed.
Vocational Identity Formation of College Students in Macau
Authors: Ouyang Baixiao , Jin Shuh‐Ren , Tien Hsiu‐Lan Shelley
Published: September 2016

Forming a vocational identity is a main developmental task during the transition from adolescence to adulthood. This study examined identity formation of college students in Macau, China, based on a neo‐Eriksonian identity formation framework. Data were collected through semistructured in‐depth interviews of 19 college students in Macau. All data were transcribed and analyzed by thematic analysis. Results indicated 2 themes, each with several subthemes that describe participants' vocational identity formation process. This study contributes to the vocational identity literature by integrating a collaborative perspective into the discussion of vocational exploration and revealing unique issues of vocational identity formation in a non‐Western and developing society.
Career Development of Chinese Canadian Professional Immigrants
Authors: Chen Charles P. , Hong Julie Wai Ling
Published: September 2016

Chinese professional immigrants make up the 2nd largest visible minority group in Canada. Their successful resettlement in the host country is inextricably tied to the prosperity and success of the general Canadian society that depends heavily on its immigration practice for the country's development and growth. However, there is a dearth of literature and research on this particular population, especially in the areas of career development and vocational psychology based on the unique cultural context of Canada. To address the pivotal career needs of Chinese professional immigrants, this article identifies and discusses 6 prominent career‐related barriers they face in the resettlement process: migration‐related stressors; language proficiency; cultural nuances and knowledge; discrimination and prejudice; foreign‐earned experiences, education, and credentials not recognized; and family separation and fragmentation. Strategies to tackle these career development barriers are proposed from a life‐career integrated perspective, alongside ideas and strategies for effective career interventions.
Transformation of Employment Patterns and Need for Career Services in Modern Singapore
Authors: Wong Sing Chee
Published: September 2016

The early Chinese migrants to Singapore were mainly traders and artisans, and their employment depended on kinship affiliations and networks within the community. After Singapore became an independent nation, it focused on building a cohesive multiracial nation, and racial differences were downplayed. Educating Singaporeans to develop the economy and improve their livelihood was emphasized, and meritocracy was promoted. Access to employment was based on individual merits and efforts rather than on kinships. Globalization and technological advancement require Singaporean workers to attain mastery of skills in the competitive economy. Consequently, career planning and development services are advocated and made available for both students and adults, regardless of race and other differences. This is to ensure that their potentials can be fully maximized. Many schemes are also available to help Singaporeans achieve career success.
Tailoring Large Pores of Porphyrin Networks on Ag(111) by Metal–Organic Coordination
Authors: Bischoff Felix , He Yuanqin , Seufert Knud , Stassen Daphné , Bonifazi Davide , Barth Johannes V. , Auwärter Willi
Published: September 2016

The engineering of nanoarchitectures to achieve tailored properties relevant for macroscopic devices is a key motivation of organometallic surface science. To this end, understanding the role of molecular functionalities in structure formation and adatom coordination is of great importance. In this study, the differences in formation of Cu‐mediated metal–organic coordination networks based on two pyridyl‐ and cyano‐bearing free‐base porphyrins on Ag(111) are elucidated by use of low‐temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Distinct coordination networks evolve via different pathways upon codeposition of Cu adatoms. The cyano‐terminated module directly forms 2D porous networks featuring fourfold‐coordinated Cu nodes. By contrast, the pyridyl species engage in twofold coordination with Cu and a fully reticulated 2D network featuring a pore size exceeding 3 nm2 only evolves via an intermediate structure based on 1D coordination chains. The STM data and complementary Monte Carlo simulations reveal that these distinct network architectures originate from spatial constraints at the coordination centers. Cu adatoms are also shown to form two‐ and fourfold monoatomic coordination nodes with monotopic nitrogen‐terminated linkers on the very same metal substrate—a versatility that is not achieved by other 3d transition metal centers but consistent with 3D coordination chemistry. This study discloses how specific molecular functionalities can be applied to tailor coordination architectures and highlights the potential of Cu as coordination center in such low‐dimensional structures on surfaces.
Kinetically Controlled Assembly of Nitrogen‐Doped Invaginated Carbon Nanospheres with Tunable Mesopores
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhang Hongwei , Noonan Owen , Xu Chun , Niu Yuting , Yang Yannan , Zhou Liang , Huang Xiaodan , Yu Chengzhong
Published: September 2016

Mesoporous hollow carbon nanospheres (MHCS) have been extensively studied owning to their unique structural features and diverse potential applications. A surfactant‐free self‐assembly approach between resorcinol/formaldehyde and silicon alkoxide has emerged as an important strategy to prepare MHCS. Extending such a strategy to other substituted phenols to produce heterogeneous‐atom‐doped MHCS remains a challenge due to the very different polymerization kinetics of various resins. Herein, we report an ethylenediamine‐assisted strategy to control the cooperative self‐assembly between a 3‐aminophenol/formaldehyde resin and silica templates. Nitrogen‐doped mesoporous invaginated carbon nanospheres (N‐MICS) with an N content of 6.18 at %, high specific surface areas (up to 1118 m2 g−1), large pore volumes (2.47 cm3 g−1), and tunable mesopores (3.7–11.1 nm) have been prepared. When used as electrical double‐layer supercapacitors, N‐MICS show a high capacitance of 261 F g−1, an outstanding cycling stability (≈94 % capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles), and a good rate performance.
Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Quinolines via Ketenimine or Carbodiimide Intermediates
Authors: Zhao Hongyang , Xing Yanpeng , Lu Ping , Wang Yanguang
Published: September 2016

Cyclopenta[b]quinolines and cyclohexa[b]quinolines were prepared via the reactions of α‐diazo ketones with N‐(2‐cyclopropylidenemethylphenyl)phosphanimines and N‐(2‐cyclobutylidenemethylphenyl) phosphanimine, respectively. The reaction proceeds in a cascade involving ketenimine formation, 6 π‐electron ring closure, and 1,3‐alkyl shift. A similar approach was developed for the synthesis of dihydropyrrolo‐[2,3‐b]quinolines from N‐(2‐cyclopropylidenemethylphenyl)phosphanimines and isocyanates.
MnFe2O4 Nanocrystals Wrapped in a Porous Organic Polymer: A Designed Architecture for Water‐Splitting Photocatalysis
Authors: Dhanalaxmi Karnekanti , Yadav Rajkumar , Kundu Sudipta K. , Reddy Benjaram Mahipal , Amoli Vipin , Sinha Anil Kumar , Mondal John
Published: September 2016

A novel MnFe2O4–porous organic polymer (POP) nanocomposite was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method and using the highly cross‐linked N‐rich benzene–benzylamine POP. The nanocomposite presented highly efficient photocatalytic performance in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) from pure water without addition of any sacrificial agent under one AM 1.5 G sunlight illumination. A photocatalytic activity of 6.12 mmol h−1 g−1 was achieved in the absence of any noble metal cocatalyst, which is the highest H2 production rate reported for nonprecious metal catalysts. The photocatalytic performance of MnFe2O4‐POP could be attributed to the intrinsic synergistic effects of manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) nanoclusters interacting with the nitrogen dopant POP with a unique mesoporous nanoarchitecture and spatially confined growth of MnFe2O4 in the interconnected POP network, leading to high visible‐light absorption with fast electron transport.
Unlocking Mizoroki–Heck‐Type Reactions of Aryl Cyanides Using Transfer Hydrocyanation as a Turnover‐Enabling Step
Authors: Fang Xianjie , Yu Peng , Prina Cerai Gabriele , Morandi Bill
Published: September 2016

A new transfer hydrofunctionalization strategy to turnover H‐MII‐X complexes has enabled both intra‐ and intermolecular Mizoroki–Heck (MH)‐type reactions of aryl cyanides that are challenging to realize under traditional, basic conditions. Initially, a cascade carbonickelation/MH reaction of 2‐cyanostyrenes was achieved using a key alkyne transfer hydrocyanation step. Mechanistic experiments supported the proposed catalytic cycle, including the turnover‐enabling transfer hydrocyanation step. The reactivity was then extended to the intermolecular MH reaction of benzonitriles and styrenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Structures and Properties of Two New 3‐D Vanadoborates Based on V—O—B Clusters.
Authors: Tang Qiuling , Zhou Jian , Zou Hua‐Hong , Tan Xiao‐Feng
Published: September 2016

(H3O)4{ [Cd(H2O)2] 3V12B18O54 (OH)6}·26H2O (I) and [K6 (H2O) 10Zn4V10B32O74 (OH)10]·5H2O (II) are prepared by hydrothermal reaction of a 0.7:9.9:0.2 molar mixture of V(acac)3, H3BO3, and Cd(O‐Ac)2 respectively a 0.7:10:0.25:2 molar mixture of NH4VO3, H3BO3, Zn(O‐Ac)2, and K2SO3 (aq.
ChemInform Abstract: On the Extended Series of Quaternary Zintl Phases Ca13REMnSb11 (RE: La—Nd, Sm, Gd—Dy).
Authors: Prakash Jai , Stoyko Stanislav , Voss Leonard , Bobev Svilen
Published: September 2016

Single crystalline Ca14‐xLnxMnSb11 (Ln: La—Nd, Sm, Gd—Dy; x ≈ 1) is prepared from the elements in a molten Pb flux with a 20% Ln and a 50—70% Mn excess (Al2O3 crucible in evacuated silica tubes, 1000 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Ionothermal Synthesis and Magnetic Study of a New Manganese(II) Phosphite with an unprecedented Mn/P Ratio.
Authors: Su Tan , Xing Hongzhu , Li Yi , Wu Junbiao , Song Xiaowei , Nakano Takehito , Yu Jihong
Published: September 2016

The layered Mn(II) phosphite (NH4)4[Mn4(PO3H)6] is prepared by ionothermal reaction of MnCl2·4H2O, H3PO3, and NH4F using 1‐pentyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide ([pmim]Br) as the solvent (autoclave, 150 °C, 7 d, ≈70% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Tellurium‐Assisted Epitaxial Growth of Large‐Area, Highly Crystalline ReS2 Atomic Layers on Mica Substrate.
Authors: Xu Hua , et al.
Published: September 2016

Anisotropic ReS2 monolayers with high crystallinity and uniform thickness are epitaxially grown in a tubular furnace equipped with a quartz tube containing S at the outside edge of the hot zone (≈200 °C) and a 1:6 wt.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Directing Group‐Assisted C8‐Triflation of Naphthalenes.
Authors: Yang Zhi‐Wei , Zhang Qi , Jiang Yuan‐Ye , Li Lei , Xiao Bin , Fu Yao
Published: September 2016

The first Pd‐catalyzed C‐H activation/C‐OTf bond forming process is developed to provide C8 triflated 1‐naphthylamides regioselectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Bifunctional AgOAc/ThioClickFerrophos Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction of Azomethine Ylides to Nitroalkenes
Authors: Kimura Midori , Matsuda Yukiko , Koizumi Akihiro , Tokumitsu Chihiro , Tokoro Yuichiro , Fukuzawa Shin‐ichi
Published: September 2016

18 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective, Stereodivergent Hydroazidation and Hydroamination of Allenes Catalyzed by Acyclic Diaminocarbene (ADC) Gold(I) Complexes.
Authors: Khrakovsky Dimitri A. , Tao Chuanzhou , Johnson Miles W. , Thornbury Richard T. , Shevick Sophia L. , Toste F. Dean
Published: September 2016

The presented transformation is one of the rare examples where the product configuration depends on the nucleophile.
ChemInform Abstract: Divergent Copper‐Mediated Dimerization and Hydroxylation of Benzamides Involving C—H Bond Functionalization.
Authors: Wang Mingliang , Hu Yimin , Jiang Zhe , Shen Hong C. , Sun Xun
Published: September 2016

Conditions for either dimerization or 2‐hydroxylation of variously functionalized benzamides are elaborated.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Catalyzed Oxidative Functionalization of Azaarenes with Benzylic C(sp3)—H Bonds via N‐Alkylation/Amidation Cascade: Two‐Step Synthesis of Isoindolo[2,1‐b]isoquinolin‐7(5H)‐one.
Authors: Luo Wen‐Kun , Shi Xin , Zhou Wang , Yang Luo
Published: September 2016

An efficient metal‐free N‐benzylation of isoquinolines as well as quinoline, quinazoline and phthalazine with methylarenes is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Cp2TiCl2‐Catalyzed Regioselective Hydrocarboxylation of Alkenes with CO2.
Authors: Shao Peng , Wang Sheng , Chen Chao , Xi Chanjuan
Published: September 2016

The transformation of styrene derivatives and 1,3‐dienes generally delivers α‐carboxylated products.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected Formation of 4,4‐Dimethyl‐1,2‐disubstituted‐dicarbonyl Cyclopentanes from Ketone Enolate Anions and 1,3‐Diiodo‐2,2‐dimethylpropane.
Authors: Barrionuevo Cecilia A. , Schmidt Luciana C. , Argueello Juan E.
Published: September 2016

Using simple tert‐butoxide as base, the relatively complex five‐membered ring diketone structure of the title compounds is easily obtained under transition‐metal‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Coupling of Alcohols/Aldehydes and Amines: An Important Role for Imine Hydration.
Authors: Guo Ya‐Fei , Ren Tian‐Lu , Xu Bao‐Hua , Wang Yao‐Feng , Zhang Suo‐Jiang
Published: September 2016

A cobalt and iodide co‐catalyzed oxidative amidation reaction between alcohols or aldehydes and amines smoothly proceeds under mild conditions affording amides with broad functional group tolerance.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Dehydration of Aldoximes to Nitriles Requiring Neither Other Reagents Nor Nitrile Media.
Authors: Hyodo Kengo , Kitagawa Saki , Yamazaki Masayuki , Uchida Kingo
Published: September 2016

The method can be also applied to the one‐pot synthesis of nitriles from aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Synthesis of Sulfonylated Amides Through Radical Aryl Migration—Desulfonylation.
Authors: Qiu Jiang‐Kai , Hao Wen‐Juan , Kong Li‐Fang , Ping Wei , Tu Shu‐Jiang , Jiang Bo
Published: September 2016

The addition of sulfonyl radicals to the double bond of acrylamides triggers a domino 5‐exo‐trig cyclization, desulfonylation, and aryl migration sequence, affording a series of sulfonylated amides.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Jeffery—Heck and Reduction Sequence: Synthesis of Alcohols and Applied to the Synthesis of Flavan Natural Products.
Authors: Reddy Alavala Gopi Krishna , Krishna Jonnada , Satyanarayana Gedu
Published: September 2016

A practical one‐pot procedure is presented for the Pd‐catalyzed coupling of allylic alcohols with aryl iodides and direct NaBH4‐reduction of the resulting carbonyl compounds to 1,3‐diaryl propanols.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Bicyclic Bridgehead Phosphoramidite (Briphos) Ligands for Asymmetric Rhodium‐Catalyzed 1,2‐ and 1,4‐Addition.
Authors: Lee Ansoo , Kim Hyunwoo
Published: September 2016

The highly enantioselective 1,4‐addition of aryl boronic acids onto cyclic and acyclic α,β‐unsaturated ketones or α,β‐unsaturated ketimines as well as the 1,2‐addition onto N,N‐dimethyl sulfamoyl imines is described.
ChemInform Abstract: New Spiropyrans Based on 1,3‐Benzoxazine‐2‐one: Acid Catalyzed Synthesis and Theoretical Insight into the Photochromic Activity.
Authors: Ozhogin Ilya V. , Dorogan Igor V. , Lukyanov Boris S. , Mukhanov Eugene L. , Tkachev Valery V. , Chernyshev Anatoly V. , Lukyanova Maria B. , Aldoshin Sergey M. , Minkin Vladimir I.
Published: September 2016

In situ generated protonated acetic acid catalyzes the reaction of methylene base (I) with salicylaldehydes to give new spiropyrans.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot Sequential Five‐Component Domino Reaction for the Expedient Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyrroles
Authors: Ambethkar Sethurajan , Padmini Vediappen , Bhuvanesh Nattamai
Published: September 2016

starting from readily available acetophenones, DMF‐DMA, anilines, arylglyoxals, and malononitrile
ChemInform Abstract: Silver(I)‐Catalyzed Atroposelective Desymmetrization of N‐Arylmaleimide via 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides: Access to Octahydropyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole Derivatives.
Authors: Liu Hua‐Chao , Tao Hai‐Yan , Cong Hengjiang , Wang Chun‐Jiang
Published: September 2016

The novel reaction provides the annulation products in excellent yields, and with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: TBD/Alkyl Halide‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from CO2
Authors: Lim Seungyeon , Lim Yu Na , Jang Hye‐Young
Published: September 2016

and epoxides
ChemInform Abstract: Four‐Electron Electrocyclic Ring‐Opening/Intermolecular [4 + 2] Cycloadditions of α‐Hydroxycyclobutenones: Stereoselective Synthesis of Multiple Substituted δ‐Lactams.
Authors: Song Peidong , Li Qing , Wang Congcong , Wu Wenfa , Mao Xu , Wang Jiajia , Hu Xiangdong
Published: September 2016

The first example for the intermolecular cycloaddition of the extensively studied enol‐ketene intermediate is reported and provides a new synthetic route to multiply substituted δ‐lactams with high stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu‐Catalyzed Alkynylation of Unactivated C(sp3)—X Bonds with Terminal Alkynes Through Directing Strategy.
Authors: Luo Fei‐Xian , Xu Xing , Wang Ding , Cao Zhi‐Chao , Zhang Yun‐Fei , Shi Zhang‐Jie
Published: September 2016

Following a scalable procedure alkyl chlorides equipped with a quinoline amide directing group are cross‐coupled with various terminal alkynes to afford internal alkynes in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of 4‐Hydroxybenzo[h]quinoline‐2(1H)‐one and Some Derivatives.
Authors: Rufchahi E. O. Moradi , Pourbabaea M.
Published: September 2016

PPA‐induced cyclization of N,N‐dinaphthylmalonamide (I) or the related hemimalonamide provides the title 4‐hydroxybenzoquinolinone (II), which is transformed into a variety of functionalized derivatives including tetracyclic compound (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Characterization of Kadcoccinin A: A Sesquiterpenoid with a Tricyclo[4.4.0.03,10]decane Scaffold from Kadsura coccinea.
Authors: Hu Zheng‐Xi , Shi Yi‐Ming , Wang Wei‐Guang , Tang Jian‐Wei , Zhou Min , Du Xue , Zhang Yong‐Hui , Pu Jian‐Xin , Sun Han‐Dong
Published: September 2016

isolation and structure elucidation of kadcoccinin A (I), and the biosynthetically related kadcoccinin B (II)
ChemInform Abstract: Main Group Lewis Acid‐Mediated Transformations of Transition‐Metal Hydride Complexes
Authors: Maity Ayan , Teets Thomas S.
Published: September 2016

Review: 257 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Thiobenzophenone for the Synthesis of 3‐, 4‐, 5‐, and 6‐Membered Sulfur Heterocycles (Microreview)
Authors: Grzelak Paulina , Mloston Grzegorz
Published: September 2016

Review: [18 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Unique anti,anti‐4‐Hydroxy‐5‐(1‐hydroxyalkyl)‐γ‐lactones, Polyporolide and Mupirocin H
Authors: Fernandes Rodney A. , Halle Mahesh B.
Published: September 2016

Review: [45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Anion Recognition by Oligo‐(thio)urea‐Based Receptors
Authors: Jia Chuandong , Zuo Wei , Zhang Dan , Yang Xiao‐Juan , Wu Biao
Published: September 2016

Review: [56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: (Hetero)aromatics from Dienynes, Enediynes and Enyne—Allenes
Authors: Raviola Carlotta , Protti Stefano , Ravelli Davide , Fagnoni Maurizio
Published: September 2016

Review: 216 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Linking and Other Structural Proteomics Techniques: How Chemistry Is Enabling Mass Spectrometry Applications in Structural Biology
Authors: Leitner Alexander
Published: September 2016

Review: 123 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organophosphorus Compounds in Organic Electronics
Authors: Shameem Muhammad Anwar , Orthaber Andreas
Published: September 2016

Review: recent advances of organophosphorus compounds as opto‐electronic materials in the field of organic electronics; 134 refs.