bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of T-Tube Enterostomy in Neonatal Gastro-intestinal Surgery
Authors: Al-zaiem Maher , AL-Garni Abdulhadi F. , Almaghrebi Abdulrahman , Asghar Asim A.
Published: October 2016

Aim: To evaluate the results of the use of the T-tube ileostomy in neonatal intestinal surgery cases.Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of sixty two neonates underwent intestinal obstruction surgery by using T-tube ileostomy was conducted between January 1990 and January 2013.The pathologies of the intestinal obstruction were; thirty four of jejunoileal atresia cases, thirteen case meconium ileus, eight cases perforated necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), three cases meconium peritonitis, three cases with bowel resection due to intestinal volvulus, and one case of gastroschisis.Results: Mean duration of T-tube placement was 13 days (range9–20days) and the sites of T-tube insertion closed spontaneously in 2 days (range 1-4 days). The mean duration for starting oral intake postoperatively in these patients was 9 days (6-16 days). All patients well tolerated the procedure and there were no serious complications related to the T-tube insertion. However, four patients died due to other reasons like sepsis, respiratory failure and prematurity.Conclusion: T-tube enterostomy is an effective and safe technique for treatment of selected cases of neonatal intestinal surgery. It showed less morbidity and mortality rates than the conventional stoma. Therefore, it is considered a helpful approach in cases where there is danger of hypoperistaltic dilated bowel proximal to the anastomosis.
Imperforate Anus with Jejunal Atresia Complicated by Intestinal Volvulus: A Case Report
Authors: Joung Hae Soo , Leon Guerrero Alexandra , Tomita Sandra , Kuenzler Keith A.
Published: October 2016

Anorectal malformations (ARMs) commonly co-occur with other congenital anomalies, particularly VACTERL (vertebral, anorectal, cardiac, tracheal, esophageal, renal, limb, and duodenal) associations. However, this collection of associations is not comprehensive, and other concurrent anomalies may exist that can be missed during the standard work-up of patients with ARMs. We present a rare case of a neonate with a low ARM with concurrent jejuno-ileal atresia that was diagnosed after the correction of the ARM when the patient developed segmental volvulus. This case illustrates the importance of having a high index of suspicion when deviation from a classic presentation occurs.
Effect of Green Tea as a Mouth Rinse on Streptococcus Mutans
Authors: Dr. Nandan N.  , Dr. Mythri Prasann  , Dr. Prem Kishore K
Published: October 2016

Plant extracts have been widely used in topical and oral applications for disease treatment. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of green tea as mouth rinse for children on plaque streptococcus mutans and to compare it with that of a chlorhexidine mouth rinse. Plaque samples were tested for Streptococcus Colony Forming Units before and following a 21 day period of oral rinsing. A significant reduction in plaque S.mutans counts was observed with Green tea mouth rinse, which was not significantly different from that of the time tested chlorhexidine mouth rinse. The use of a green tea as a mouth rinse appears to be effective for regular use as part of a daily preventive regime in children.
Clinical evaluation of the efficacy of Laghu Manjisthadi Kwatha and Chakramardadi Lepa in Dadru (Tinea)
Authors: Dr. Sanganagouda M. Melashankar  , Dr. Sharada
Published: October 2016

Skin is the largest organ of human body. It’s size and external location makes it susceptible to a wide variety of disorders. In recent years, there has been a considerable increase in the incidence of skin problems in the tropical and developing countries like India due to various reasons like poverty, poor sanitation, unhygienic condition, pollution, etc. Dadru (tinea) is one among the Kushta Roga. According to most of Ayurvedic texts, all types of Kushta have been considered as Rakta Doshaja Vikara. Dadru is one of the Kapha-Pitta Pradhana Twak Vikara, affecting all the age of population. It can be correlated with Tinea infections. It should be noted that 10-15% of the general practitioners work with skin disorders. 5 out of 1000 people are suffering from Tinea infection. There are different treatment modalities which can be applied, as per the requirement of the situation. Some skin conditions requires Shodhana, some needs only Shamana, some requires repeated Shodhana, Raktamokshana etc., Dadru is a condition again where all the treatment modalities can be applied. So here in this study Laghu Manjisthadi Kwatha and Cakramardhadi Lepa was used to evaluate the efficacy in Dadru.
Concept of Vyadhikshamatva with special reference to Immune tolerance and Auto-Immunity
Authors: Dr. R. Nithin Krishnan  , Dr. Nandesh Mohan
Published: October 2016

Lives embrace the states of health and disease. Ayurveda, the unbeaten science deals with these states of life. Ayurveda incorporates both the preventive and curative aspects of human ailments, promising it as a holistic science. This holistic approach of Ayurveda resembles to the entire function of Vyadhikshamatva. This can steer away from the origin and or progression of various diseases. Vyadhikshamatva is a broad concept comprising the whole modern understanding of immunology and other gross and subtle factors paying attention to the prevention and progression of diseases in human body. The least understood arm of immunology is the origin and mechanism regarding development of autoimmune disorders. The following article “Concept of Vyadhikshamatva with special reference to Immune tolerance and Autoimmunity” is reviewed through Ayurvedic classics in integration to modern medical facts in the causation and the course of the disease with reference to immunity, immune tolerance and autoimmunity.
Ayurvedic Management of Acute Cerebrovascular Accident – A Case Study
Authors: Dr. Totad Muttappa  , Vasantha B  , Advait Vaze  , Rakesh PM  , Ajay GS  , Sumit Kapoor
Published: October 2016

Cerebro vascular accident (CVA) is the third leading cause of death in developing countries. This disease has posed a great problem to the medical field as far as its treatment is concerned. Ayurveda can offer a lot in such conditions. This is a case study of an acute CVA. An acute CVA case was admitted on 23/05/2016 at 7.30 pm, with the complaints of loss of strength in the right side of the body, loss of speech, drowsiness since 2 days. On examination Glasgowcoma scale was 8/15 (E - 2, M- 1, V-2). Investigation i.e., Computed Tomography (CT) scan of head showed on 24/05/2016: Lacunar infarcts in the Right Frontal White matter and in the Pons at the Midline. It was diagnosed as Pitta Kapha Avruta Vataja Pakshaghata (Vaama). In this case various treatment procedures like cold water pouring over forehead, application of medicated paste on anterior frontanallae, application of Shathadhouta Ghrutha all over the body, nasal instillation etc. with oral medicines were adopted at various condition of the disease. There was a remarkable improvement in the subjective and objective clinical features.
Overview of Additional Issue of Shares and Debt in the Process of Value Appraisal of Shares and Planning of Additional Issue Parameters
Authors: Kozyr Yuriy V.
Published: October 2016

The article contains a theoretical analysis of the impact of additional issue of shares on the value of the invested and stock capital. The present analysis encompasses aspects of redistribution of capital between the old and new shareholders, as well as valuation procedures in different situations, both in terms of the volume of additional issue of shares and of payment methods. The income approach is used in the value appraisal. The principal place under the income approach is given to the shareholder value added model (model SVA). This article may be useful in solving a number of practical problems related to the issues of restructuring of the company's capital. Investment analysts will find in this article a tool of benefit-sharing analysis of the capital structure changes between “old” and “new” company’s shareholders and will be able to make a calculation of the parameters of the additional issue of shares.
Scientific Paper Writing: Still A Challenging Job?
Authors: Shrestha Prabin
Published: October 2016

Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 12:1-2, 2015
Role of Botulinum toxin injection in neurological problems: A Short Review
Authors: Dhungana Isha , Shrestha Prabin
Published: October 2016

Botulinum Toxin (BoNT), a neurotoxin known for many years for its lethal nature has been in use for many cosmetic purposes for last many years. Its use in many medical problems especially chronic neurological problems has been well established in recent years. BoNT is a useful symptomatic treatment for many neurological disorders, and is emerging as one of the leading modes of treatments in the new subspecialty in neurology called “Interventional neurology.” We have also been using BoNT regularly for therapeutic purposes in different neurological diseases with good success rate for last few years. We think use of BoNT-A needs to be encouraged in our country to provide relief to the patients suffering from many of the chronic disabling neurological problems.Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 12:3-7, 2015
Limited Fronto-Temporo- Parietal Craniectomy in Traumatic Brain Injury: My Experience
Authors: Sharma Krishna
Published: October 2016

Amidst the uncertainty of benefit of decompressive craniectomy (DC) in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), the procedure is still widely performed as a life saving attempt. Different types of DC have been described. A timely performed limited fronto-temporoparietal (FTP) decompression is found to be adequate enough to reduce the intracranial pressure (ICP) quickly and sufficiently, preventing medial temporal herniation. This can be further augmented by an adequate, liberal and watertight duroplasty to accommodate the swollen injured brain, which can be achieved by using patients’ own tissues like thickened subcutaneous areolar tissue and temporalis fascia. DC is usually considered as a two-step surgery where decompression is done in the first step and cranioplasty in the second. It can be made a single step surgery by replacing the bone in small pieces extradurally during the primary surgery itself, to avoid second surgery (cranioplasty). The details of the procedure and its results have been described and review of related literature has been done.Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 12:8-13, 2015
Determinants of Fever in Acute Stroke Patients
Authors: Karn Ragesh , Tharu Biswaraj , Basnet Sijan , Subedi Kamal
Published: October 2016

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and origin of fever in patients admitted with acute stroke and the characteristics associated with the development of fever.This was a cross sectional observational study involving 151 patients admitted with acute stroke. The various attributes associated with the development of fever were documented and their characteristics were analyzed.Fever was noted in 21.2% of 151 patients; 11.9% had a documented infection and 9.3% had no documented infection. Older age was associated with the presence of fever (P = 0.009). The development of fever was associated with haemorrhage rather than ischemic infarct (P = 0.0001), presence of mass effect (P =0.03), and larger size of ischaemic infarct and haemorrhage (P = 0.002 and 0.0001, respectively). Patients with fever had lower scores on admission on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) (P = 0.009) and higher score on the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) (P = 0.0001). The development of fever was associated with prior use of an invasive technique (P =0.0001), particularly urinary catheterization and endotracheal intubation (P = 0.0001 and 0.0001). In multivariate analysis, age, NIHSS and endotracheal intubation were found to be significantly associated with fever (P = 0.018, P = 0.001 and P = 0.0001, respectively). Patients with fever without documented infection had an earlier onset than those with infection (P = 0.012).Fever in acute stroke patients is associated with older age, severity of stroke and the use of invasive techniques. Urinary tract and respiratory infections are the most common infections. Fever starts earlier where a focus of infection is not identified.Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 12:20-25, 2015
Our Experience with Infratentorial Supracerebellar (ITSC) Approach for Pineal Region Tumor Excision
Authors: Sharma Gopal R , Bista Prakash , Khadka Nilam , Jha Rajiv , Bhattachan Maya , Joshi Sumit , Kumar Pawan
Published: October 2016

Pineal region tumors are rare and their incidence is less than 1% of primary CNS tumors. Varieties of tumors can be found in pineal region ranging from benign to malignant pathology. Treatment modalities ranged from biopsy to total excision of tumor. Many surgical approaches have been described in the literature, however, infratentorial supracerebellar ( ITSC ) approach is versatile and widely used by many neurosurgeons worldwide.The aim of this study is to analyze and discuss the surgical outcome of pineal region tumor using ITSC approach. Advantages and limitations of this approach will be discussed.This is a retrospective study of 10 patients who underwent microsurgical excision of pineal region masses using ITSC approach in sitting position under general anesthesia at our institute between April 2009 and March 2014. The follow up period ranged from 7 months to 5 years and outcome was measured with GOS (Glasgow Outcome Scale).There were 9 male and 1 female and age ranged from 10 to 50 years.Gross total resection was performed in all 10 cases using ITSC approach. 9 patients required VP shunt for obstructive hydrocephalus. 60% (6) had benign and 40% (4) had malignant pathology.Six patients suffered from postoperative complications which included air embolism ,pneumocephalus, pseudomeningocele and seizure.Eighty percent (8) have good recovery, 1 was severely disabled and 1 died.Advanced neurological techniques combined with neuroanesthesia, neuroimaging and postoperative critical care methods have made aggressive surgical resection a mainstay of management of pineal region tumors with excellent results.Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 12:31-37, 2015
Successful clipping of A Gaint Basilar Tip Aneurysm: A Case Report with Review of literature
Authors: Shrestha Prabin , Singh Anish M , Sah Hemant , Baral Bidur
Published: October 2016

Basilar tip aneurysm is the commonest aneurysm in posterior circulation. It comprises of about 5% of total aneurysms of cerebral circulation. Giant basilar tip aneurysm is rare and is technically challenging. Bigger is the aneurysm more complex is its structure leading to technical difficulty in its treatment, may it be surgical clipping or endovascular coiling.We present 50-year-old male patient presented with sudden and severe headache with altered consciousness. CT head showed sub arachnoid hemorrhage and CT angiography showed giant basilar tip aneurysm measuring more than 23 mm in length. Moreover basilar tip bifurcation and both the posterior cerebral artery arose from posterior aspect of lower part of the trunk of aneurysm. Because of the huge size and origin of the major branches from aneurysm trunk surgical clipping seemed highly risky. Patient was planned for coil embolization in India. But due to cost factor surgical clipping was planned.Successful clipping was done through right frontotemporal transtentorial approach. Small residual aneurysm was noted in the anterior lower part of aneurysm trunk which was wrapped with hemostatic agents. Complete resection of the aneurysm was done showing complete obliteration of the aneurysm. Post operatively patient was neurologically intact except ipsilateral oculomotor nerve palsy.Patient was discharged on 6th post operative day.Nepal still lacks endovascular coiling facility. Cost factor is a major hindrance for this. Surgical clipping is still the fi rst choice of treatment for any aneurysm in Nepal. There is no alternative to skill development and successful clipping for treating aneurysm in Nepal.Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 12:40-42, 2015
Multicystic Cerebral Hydatid Cyst: Uncommon Presentation of A Rare Disease
Authors: Kaushik Sil , Sunanadan Basu , Harsh Jain , Laxminarayan Tripathy
Published: October 2016

Hydatid cyst is a common zoonosis, affecting the liver and lungs in the endemic areas. Occasionally it involves the brain. We present a rare case of multicystic cerebral Hydatid cyst present over a long time in an adult patient with some odd radiological features like calcification and discuss the relevant literature. In endemic areas, neurosurgeons must be aware of this entity.Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 12:49-51, 2015
‘Gold Standard’ in Clinical Practice
Authors: Sharma Mohan R
Published: October 2016

Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 12:57-58, 2015
MRI Findings of Non-Degenerative Pathoanatomical Changes in Low Back Pain
Authors: Karki Dan B , Panta Om B , Gurung Ghanshyam
Published: October 2016

Non-degenerative pathoanatomical changes are far less common than degenerative changes but benefi ts most from imaging assessment. This study aimed to evaluate the non-degenerative pathoanatomical changes in patients undergoing MRI for low back pain.The study was a retrospective study conducted for the duration of 3 years in a multimodality-imaging center. All patients undergoing MRI of lumbosacral spine with complains of low back pain with or without radiculopathy were assessed for morphological changes and other abnormal fi ndings. After excluding patients with degenerative changes, non-degenerative pathologies were evaluated. Data was entered in predesigned proforma and analysis was done with SPSS 21.0.There were 183 patients who met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 51.23 ±16.86 years. Compression fracture of the vertebra was the most common non-degenerative changes accounting for 34% cases followed by spinal meningeal cysts (26%) and infection (14%). Fractures were more common in upper lumbar level as compared to lower lumbar levels. Meningeal cysts were noted to involve the sacral spinal canal more frequently followed by lower lumbar levels. Infective lesions were equally distributed throughout the lumbar spine. Hemangioma was common lesion involving 16% of cases. Lumbosacral transitional vertebra was seen in 7(3.8%) patients.The common non-degenerative pathoanatomical changes associated with low back pain were traumatic lesion, infection, neoplastic lesion and lumbosacral transitional vertebra.Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 12:59-62, 2015
Study of Traumatic Brain Injury Due To Recent Earthquake in Manipal Teaching Hospital
Authors: Karmacharya Bal G , Sathian Brijesh
Published: October 2016

The objective of this study was to review the demographics, causes injury, severity, treatment and outcome of traumatic brain injuries in victims of the April 2015 earthquake who were admitted in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara. A total of 37 patients was admitted under Neurosurgery Services. Collapse of buildings was the commonest cause of head injury. The majority of them had mild head injury. Associated injuries to other parts of the body were present in 40.54% patients.Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 12:63-66, 2015
Complex Cerebrovascular Presentation in Central Nepal with Therapeutic Challenge
Authors: Karki Karuna T , Chaudhary Pramod K , Bhattarai Binod , Munakomi Sunil
Published: October 2016

Effective management of complex vascular malformation remains one of the more challenging problems faced in most of the developing countries where modern therapeutic resources are deficient. Giant arteriovenous malformations and other vascular malformation like dural arteriovenous malformations are often associated with higher morbidity and mortality rates. These lesions are considered as untreatable or inoperable. Endovascular therapy is an expanding science for managing complex vascular malformations in Nepal that has many constraints. This outset will have positive impact in the country that has to deal with moderate resources to provide wide therapeutic benefit. Here we present our preliminary experience about the use of ethylene vinyl alcohol (Onyx- 18) to embolize dural arteriovenous fistula and use of n-butyl cyanoacrylate to embolize giant supratentorial arteriovenous malformation.Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 12:73-80, 2015
Cerebellar Abscess Mimicking Recurrent Pilocytic Astrocytoma: A Case Report
Authors: Devkota Harihar , Jha Rajiv
Published: October 2016

Cerebellar abscess is a rare condition occurring more commonly in children and adolescents usually caused by otitis media. They can occur following trauma or surgery or from septic focus directly or hematologically. It is sometime hard to distinguish from other space occupying lesion clinically or by imaging modalities. We report a case of an eight year boy who had undergone craniotomy and excision of a pilocytic astrocytoma two years back and now presented with headache and preoperative diagnosis of recurrent pilocytic astrocytoma was made. But, to our surprise, the operative findings showed an abscess which was confirmed with histopathology. The final diagnosis of cerebellar abscess was made.Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 12:85-87, 2015
Peri-operative Considerations in Intracranial Hemorrhage in Dengue Virus Infected Patients: A Prospective Mini Case Series
Authors: Meena Shyam C , Dulara Suresh C , Gautam Sachindanand , Beldar Sharad
Published: October 2016

Dengue is one of the most common mosquito-transmitted arboviral diseases of tropical and few subtropical areas of the world. It is estimated that 100 million cases occur every year and 2.5 billion people are at risk. Hemorrhagic complications causing encephalopathy is quite a rare presentation but usually fatal. We discuss the peri-operative management of 8 uncommon cases of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in dengue. High index of suspicion is required for prompt diagnosis and treatment.Eighteen dengue serology positive patients who presented with neurological manifestations were managed in neurosurgery unit of our tertiary health care center in six months duration. Most of the patients had deranged prothrombin time and thrombocytopenia. They were given platelet concentrates for correction of thrombocytopenia. All vital parameters and neurologic status were closely monitored in high dependency unit. Eight of these patients had deterioration in neurologic status; five of them underwent surgery.All patients who underwent surgery had excellent outcome. Rest of the patients including one patient of cervical extradural hemorrhage were managed conservatively with intravenous fluid and cerebral decongestants. Two patients with deep-seated bleed deteriorated very rapidly and died. Rest who were managed either surgically or conservatively including cervical EDH improved well without any residual deficit.High index of suspicion of ICH is required in dengue especially during convalescence. Special attention should be given to those patients who are disoriented and have altered sensorium and should not be misinterpreted as fever delirium or toxic encephalopathy. It needs immediate attention and investigation. Timely diagnosis and intervention can save lives.Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 13:43-46, 2016
Neurocysticercosis Presented with Acute Psychosis: A Case Report
Authors: Thapa Dinesh K , Limbu Chandra P , Gurung Ajit , Pant Basant
Published: October 2016

Neurocysticercosis is the parasitic disease caused by ingestion of egg of Tinae Solium. The disease presents with spectrum of clinical manifestations like seizure, headache, neurological deficit and psychiatric symptoms such as psychosis. Even though most commonly patients of neurocysticercosis present with seizure, rarely, it may produce symptoms of neuropsychiatric disorder such as psychosis. Here, we are going to report a case of a patient who presented with features of acute psychosis. Later on with diagnostic imaging like CT and MRI, he was diagnosed as a case of multiple neurocysticercosis. He was then managed with anti psychotics, AEDs, Anti-helminthic drugs and steroids.Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 13:54-56, 2016
Effect of Genotype and Density on the Productivity of Mungbean
Authors: Yeasmin R , Karim MA , Haque MM , Mia MAB
Published: October 2016

An investigation was carried out at the experimental field of the Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during September to November 2014 to evaluate the productivity of three mungbean genotypes, viz., GK-24 (G1), GK-63 (G2) and BU mug 4 (G3) under four plant spacing (densities) such as i) 15 cm x 10 cm= 66 plants m-2 (D1), ii) 20 cm x 10 cm= 50 plants m-2 (D2), iii) 25 cm x 10 cm= 40 plants m-2 (D3) and iv) 30 cm x 10 cm=33 plants m-2 (D4). The experiment was conducted in a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. A wide variation among the genotypes was observed in relation to light transmission, yield, and yield contributing characters. At 30 cm x 10 cm spacing (D4) the highest light transmission ratio (LTR) was observed in G1 genotype (57.92) and the lowest LTR value in G2 genotype (46.92). Among the three genotypes, G1 produced the highest seed yield (1094 kg ha-1). But highest seed number pod-1 was found in D2 (11.61) while maximum pods plant-1 (11.08) was in D4 treatment followed by D3 (10.59). Among the four plant densities, treatment D3 showed the highest 1000-seed weight (50.30 g). The highest seed yield (1114 kg ha-1) was recorded in the treatment D4. Among the interaction, the highest number of seeds pod-1 (12.20) was found in the treatment D1G3, though the highest number of pods plant-1(12.03) was in treatment D4G1 but the1000-seed weight was the highest (51.92 g) in D3G1. The highest seed yield (1230 kg ha-1) was recorded from treatment D4G1. The result showed that GK 24 genotype performed the best in all respects of yield and yield attributes at 30 cm x 10 cm spacing compared to other treatments.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2016, 19(1): 11-17
Performance of Soybean Under Different Levels of Phosphorus and Potassium
Authors: Khanam M , Islam MS , Ali MH , Chowdhury Imtiaz Faruk , Masum SM
Published: October 2016

A field experiment was conducted at the Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Farm, Dhaka, Bangladesh during December 2013 to April 2014 to evaluate the effect of phosphorus (P0: 0 kg TSP ha-1, P1: 100 kg TSP ha-1, P2: 175 kg TSP ha-1, P3: 250 kg TSP ha-1) and potassium (K0: 0 kg MoP, K1: 60 kg MoP ha-1, K2: 120 kg MoP ha-1, K3: 180 kg MoP ha-1), and their combinations on growth and yield of soybean (Glycine max). Number of nodules plant-1, number of filled pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1, 1000-seed weight, seed yield, biological yield and harvest index increased significantly up to 175 kg ha-1 TSP. On the other hand, numbers of nodules plant-1, number of filled pods plant-1, length of pod, number of seeds pod-1, 1000-seed weight, seed yield, stover yield and biological yield were enhanced significantly up to 120 kg ha-1 MoP. The treatment of combined phosphorus @ 175 kg ha-1 and potassium @ 120 kg MoP ha-1 depicted the highest number of filled pods plant-1 (63.00), length of pod (3.16 cm), number of seeds pod-1 (3.11) vis a vis the highest (3.67 t ha-1) seed yield. Thus, the combined application of 175 kg ha-1 TSP and 120 kg ha-1 MoP could be the optimum for getting maximum yield of soybean.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2016, 19(1): 99-108
Comparative Growth Performances of Tea Saplings Raised in the Poly and Gunny Bags
Authors: Rana MM , Hossain SMA , Hossain MI , Huq MS , Rahman MM
Published: October 2016

Abstract not availableBangladesh Agron. J. 2016, 19(1): 109-113
An overview of immunization practices in Pakistan
Authors: Wain Zafeer Naeem , Masood Rizwan Ali , Ali Rai Waqas , Bashir Irfan
Published: October 2016

Effective immunization practices are invariably a big challenge for Pakistan, facing many problems and barriers to immunize children against vaccine preventable diseases. Immunization coverage in Pakistan requires up-gradation. Barriers in attaining immunization goals are lack of Parents acceptance, lack of Parents awareness and knowledge about benefits of vaccination, socioeconomic inequity and lack of security for vaccinators. The problems of vaccine procurement are its transportation, storage and administration which also contribute to errors of immunization practices. In Pakistan Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) with the support of WHO & UNICEF has a significant impact on overcoming these barriers. Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) is facilitating through many vaccination centers, mobile vaccination sessions and public awareness campaigns, health visitors and EPI trained vaccinators to eradicate the barriers towards poor immunization practices in Pakistan. It is concluded from this study that it is the responsibility of Government and Health Professionals to find solutions to increases vaccination rate and coverage. It is the need of hour to find ways for creating awareness among parents and motivate them to follow complete vaccination schedule for the sake of better child health.Wain et al., International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, October 2016, 5(11): 94-96http://www.icpjonline.com/documents/Vol5Issue11/01.pdf
Passage à l’âge adulte et sentiments d’injustice
Authors: Amadieu Thomas , Clément Cécile
Published: October 2016

Cet article se propose d’étudier le lien entre les sentiments d’injustice relatifs à la société française des jeunes Français âgés de 18 à 30 ans et les injustices éventuellement vécues lors du passage à l’âge adulte. Les résultats présentés ici s’appuient sur l’analyse croisée d’une enquête par questionnaire auprès de 4 000 personnes et de 40 entretiens biographiques. Il y apparaît que l’entrée dans la vie adulte – en particulier la confrontation au monde du travail – est associée à une montée du sentiment d’injustice. Mais les sentiments d’injustice macrosociaux ne sont pas le décalque systématique des injustices vécues personnellement : ils résultent aussi d’un effort d’articulation entre des principes de justice communément partagés et une évaluation informée des inégalités observées.
La faible visibilité juridique de la discrimination dans l’emploi fondée sur le jeune âge
Authors: Mercat-Bruns Marie , Pallares Castany Aurélie
Published: October 2016

La logique initiale du droit du travail était de prendre en compte la vulnérabilité des jeunes travailleurs. Pourtant, aujourd’hui, les mesures visibles pour les jeunes ne sont pas seulement conçues dans leur intérêt. Elles cherchent à promouvoir l’emploi et la formation, mais leur régime est ambivalent, plaçant les jeunes en dehors du droit commun du travail. Le discours sur le partage de l’emploi entre générations, l’exigence de formation des jeunes et la lutte contre leur faible employabilité occultent les discriminations directes et indirectes fondées sur l’âge, encore peu dénoncées.
Les associations d’anciens placés : des intermédiaires dans l’accès aux droits sociaux des jeunes sortant de la protection de l’enfance ?
Authors: Lacroix Isabelle
Published: October 2016

Cet article étudie le travail d’entraide que réalisent les associations d’anciens placés par la protection de l’enfance pour briser les effets des seuils d’âge sur la transition vers l’âge adulte des jeunes sortant de placement. S’appuyant sur des entretiens auprès de jeunes et de membres plus âgés engagés dans ces associations, sur le recueil d’archives et sur des observations d’évènements, il montre qu’en œuvrant à la socialisation juridique de leurs pairs, les anciens placés tentent de garantir un meilleur accès aux droits sociaux et de pallier les insuffisances de ces derniers par la mise en œuvre d’aides complémentaires.
Minorité et seuils d’âge légaux
Authors: Servant Patricia
Published: October 2016

Cette synthèse présente les différents seuils d’âge légaux fixés dans différentes branches du droit français : le droit du travail, le droit civil et le droit pénal. Elle rappelle ainsi que le recours aux seuils d’âge légaux vise à la fois à protéger l’enfant qui n’a pas atteint le seuil défini légalement, tout en permettant au mineur qui l’atteint d’accéder progressivement à son statut de majeur en lui conférant de nouveaux droits.
Renault en Algérie. Automobile, pétrole et politique dans les Vingt Glorieuses
Authors: Loubet Jean-Louis
Published: October 2016

En 2014, Renault s’installe en Algérie. On parle alors de la naissance de l’industrie automobile algérienne. La vérité est différente. De 1959 à 1972, Renault a produit des voitures dans une usine qu’elle a édifiée à Alger. Mais l’histoire est douloureuse. L’installation s’est faite entre colonisation et indépendance. Durant vingt ans, la régie nationale des usines Renault est le symbole de la présence française en Algérie, incarnant l’ambiguïté des relations franco-algériennes. Il suffit de l’émergence de l’économie pétrolière pour que les tensions se transforment en crise. Renault en Algérie, ou comment perdre une usine et un marché prospère.
Analysis of class 2 integrons as a marker for multidrug resistance among Gram negative bacilli
Authors: Rodríguez Cecilia , Cassini Marcelo H. , Delgado Gabriela del V. , Ramírez María S. , Centrón D ,   Argentinian Integron Study Group
Published: October 2016

Class 1 and 2 integrons are considered the paradigm of multidrug resistant (MDR) integrons. Although class 1 integrons have been found statistically associated to Enterobacteriaceae MDR isolates, this type of study has not been conducted for class 2 integrons. Escherichia coli and 3 species that were found that harbored more than 20% of class 2 integrons in clinical isolates, were selected to determine the role of intI2 as MDR marker. A total of 234 MDR/191 susceptible non-epidemiologically related isolates were analyzed. Seventy-four intI2 genes were found by PCR and sequencing. An intI2 relationship with MDR phenotypes in Acinetobacter baumannii and Enterobacter cloacae was found. No statistical association was identified with MDR E. coli and Helicobacter pylori isolates. In other words, the likelihood of finding intI2 is the same in susceptible and in MDR E. coli and H. pylori strains, suggesting a particular affinity between the mobile element Tn7 and some species. The use of intI2 as MDR marker was species-dependent, with fluctuating epidemiology at geographical and temporal gradients. The use of intI2 as MDR marker is advisable in A. baumannii, a species that can reach high frequencies of this genetic element.
Identification of Novel CD4+ T Cell Subsets in the Target Tissue of Sjögren’s Syndrome and Their Differential Regulation by the Lymphotoxin/LIGHT Signaling Axis
Authors: Haskett Scott , Ding Jian , Zhang Wei , Thai Alice , Cullen Patrick , Xu Shanqin , Petersen Britta , Kuznetsov Galina , Jandreski Luke , Hamann Stefan , Reynolds Taylor L. , Allaire Norm , Zheng Timothy S. , Mingueneau Michael
Published: October 2016

Despite being one of the most common rheumatologic diseases, there is still no disease-modifying drug for primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS). Advancing our knowledge of the target tissue has been limited by the low dimensionality of histology techniques and the small size of human salivary gland biopsies. In this study, we took advantage of a molecularly validated mouse model of pSS to characterize tissue-infiltrating CD4+ T cells and their regulation by the lymphotoxin/LIGHT signaling axis. Novel cell subsets were identified by combining highly dimensional flow and mass cytometry with transcriptomic analyses. Pharmacologic modulation of the LTβR signaling pathway was achieved by treating mice with LTβR-Ig, a therapeutic intervention currently being tested in pSS patients (Baminercept trial NCT01552681). Using these approaches, we identified two novel CD4+ T cell subsets characterized by high levels of PD1: Prdm1+ effector regulatory T cells expressing immunoregulatory factors, such as Il10, Areg, Fgl2, and Itgb8, and Il21+ effector conventional T cells expressing a pathogenic transcriptional signature. Mirroring these observations in mice, large numbers of CD4+PD1+ T cells were detected in salivary glands from Sjögren’s patients but not in normal salivary glands or kidney biopsies from lupus nephritis patients. Unexpectedly, LTβR-Ig selectively halted the recruitment of PD1− naive, but not PD1+, effector T cells to the target tissue, leaving the cells with pathogenic potential unaffected. Altogether, this study revealed new cellular players in pSS pathogenesis, their transcriptional signatures, and differential dependency on the lymphotoxin/LIGHT signaling axis that help to interpret the negative results of the Baminercept trial and will guide future therapeutic interventions.
Amiodarone-Induced Pulmonary Toxicity – A Frequently Missed Complication
Authors: Sweidan Alexander J. , Singh Navneet K. , Dang Natasha , Lam Vinh , Datta Jyoti
Published: October 2016

Introduction

Amiodarone is often used in the suppression of tachyarrhythmias. One of the more serious adverse effects includes amiodarone pulmonary toxicity (APT). Several pulmonary diseases can manifest including interstitial pneumonitis, organizing pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, pulmonary nodules or masses, and pleural effusion. Incidence of APT varies from 5–15% and is correlated to dosage, age of the patient, and preexisting lung disease.

Description

A 56-year-old male with a past medical history of coronary artery disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was admitted for a coronary artery bypass graft. Post-operatively, the patient was admitted to the ICU for ventilator management and continued to receive his home dose of amiodarone 400 mg orally twice daily, which he had been taking for the past 3 months. The patient was found to be hypoxemic with a PaO2 52 mmHg and bilateral infiltrates on chest x-ray. Patient also complained of new onset dyspnea. Physical exam found bilateral rhonchi with bibasilar crackles and subcutaneous emphysema along the left anterior chest wall. Daily chest x-rays showed worsening of bilateral interstitial infiltrates and pleural effusions. A chest high-resolution computed tomography on post-operative day 3 showed extensive and severe bilateral ground glass opacities. APT was suspected and amiodarone was discontinued. A course of oral prednisone without antibiotics was initiated, and after one week of treatment the chest film cleared, the PaO2 value normalized and dyspnea resolved.

Discussion

APT occurs via cytotoxic T cells and indirectly by immunological reaction. Typically the lungs manifest a diffuse interstitial pneumonitis with varying degrees of fibrosis. Infiltrates with a ‘ground-glass’ appearance appreciated on HRCT are more definitive than chest x-ray. Pulmonary nodules can be seen, frequently in the upper lobes. These are postulated to be accumulations of amiodarone in areas of previous inflammation. Those undergoing major cardiothoracic surgery are known to be predisposed to APT. Some elements require consideration: a baseline pulmonary function test (PFT) did not exist prior. APT would manifest a restrictive pattern of PFTs. In APT diffusing capacity (DLCO) is generally >20 percent from baseline. A DLCO was not done in this patient. Therefore, not every type of interstitial lung disease could be ruled out. Key features support a clinical diagnosis: (1) new dyspnea, (2) exclusion of lung infection, (3) exclusion of heart failure, (4) new radiographic features, (5) improvement with withdrawal of amiodarone. Our case illustrates consideration of APT in patients who have extensive use of amiodarone and new onset dyspnea.
The Relationship Between Test Anxiety and Achievement in Accounting Students with Different Cognitive Styles: The Mediating Roles of Self-Regulation
Authors: Cheng Pi-Yueh , Liao Wan-Ru
Published: October 2016

Previous research has indicated that accounting is a very important basic course for undergraduate business and management students. Studies have also shown that most accounting teachers and students are anxious about their ability to effectively teach and learn the course curriculum, respectively, which may result in a poor outcome for the students. Attempts have been made to improve accounting education and reduce anxiety by enhancing students’ learning strategies and reducing the stress related to testing. The purpose of this research was to establish and model the effects of accounting anxiety on achievement, to examine the mediating role of self-regulation in the relationship between test anxiety (TA) and achievement, and to compare the achievement and learning processes of students with different cognitive styles. Participants were 498 students from Taiwan business colleges. Our results revealed that self-regulated learning mediated the relationship between TA and accounting achievement. Additionally, with significant differences noted between students with analytical and intuitive cognitive styles. A discussion of study limitations and of implications for accounting education follows.
The Implementation of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in a Year 9 Mathematics Classroom: A Study in Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Botty Haji Mohammad Redzuan Haji , Shahrill Masitah , Jaidin Jainatul Halida , Li Hui-Chuan , Chong Maureen Siew Fang
Published: October 2016

Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is a constructivist, student-centered instructional strategy in which students work collaboratively to solve problems and reflect on their learning experiences to advance or gain new knowledge. PBL was originally developed in medical school programs at the McMaster University in Canada in the 1960s. Since then, much research has highlighted the benefits of PBL for developing students’ mathematical knowledge in more flexible and novel ways than traditional teacher-centered teaching approaches. However, there has been a lack of studies examining how PBL can be applied to mathematics teaching and learning, since studies that have investigated the implementation of PBL outside a medical context are sparse in Brunei Darussalam. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to fill this research gap by exploring the implementation process of PBL in a Year 9 mathematics classroom and its possible impact on students’ learning in mathematics in the context of Brunei Darussalam. The participants of the study consisted of 17 Year 9 students (ages 14-15) from a secondary school in Brunei Darussalam The findings from our study showed that the implementation of PBL helped motivate the students to collaboratively work as a group and learn from their peers and therefore, gradually reduced their dependence on the teacher during the course of the intervention. The results from the students’ performances on the pre-test and the post-test also provided evidence to show that the implementation of PBL could have a positive impact on the students’ learning in mathematics. Directions for future mathematical PBL implementation are also discussed and offered. 
The Effect of Active Learning-Based Instructional Program on Improving Motivation and Achievement towards Science among Middle Stage Students with Learning Disabilities in Riyadh
Authors: Qadan Hanadi
Published: October 2016

The current study is an attempt to prepare active learning-based instructional program and measure its effectiveness in motivation and achievement towards Science among middle stage students with learning disabilities. The sample consisted of (34) female students, intentionally chosen and distributed into two equal groups, the control group (n = 17) and the experimental group (n = 17). The author utilized achievement test, motivation scale and the instructional program. The results showed statistically significant differences between the means of scores of the control group and the scores of the experimental group in favor of the experimental group; indicating the effectiveness of active learning-based instructional Science Program in improving achievement and motivation among female students with learning disabilities. The study recommended the need to urge authorities and decision-makers to provide all the instructional supplies that facilitate the application of active learning strategies to students with learning disabilities in the middle stage of public education schools.
Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) precipitated by cardiac surgery: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Gandhi Shivani Jatin , Medic Igor , Lachant Neil A.
Published: October 2016

Background: A devastating complication of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome(CAPS), which is extremely rare, difficult to diagnose, and portends a poor prognosis with high mortality. Intra-abdominal andobstetric surgeries have been regarded as precipitating factors in the development of CAPS in patients with pre-existing APS. Wepresent the unique case of a patient who developed CAPS as an immediate complication after valvular replacement surgery.Case presentation: A 57-year-old female was admitted for acute decompensated heart failure secondary to mitral valve stenosis.Her past medical history was suspicious for APS, but she was not formally diagnosed or started on anticoagulant therapy.She ultimately underwent mitral valve replacement. One week post-operatively, she developed intractable abdominal pain,progressive renal failure and thrombocytopenia, and behavioral changes over the course of several days. Extensive investigation forinfection, thrombocytopenic thrombotic purpura (TTP), heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and disseminated intravascularcoagulation (DIC) did not explain her rapid clinical deterioration. She did, however, fulfill the criteria for probable CAPS, given that she had rapid involvement of four organ systems and persistent antiphospholipid antibodies. She was started on bothplasmapharesis and hemodialysis 12 days postoperatively, and showed significant improvement in her mentation, abdominal pain,thrombocytopenia, and renal function.Conclusion: This case illustrates the high degree of clinical suspicion and understanding of precipitating factors that are requiredto make a diagnosis of CAPS; furthermore, it delineates the life-saving impact of effective treatment. The correlation of CAPSand surgery has been observed in several reports. However, the current literature posits that CAPS is seldom a complication ofcardiac surgery, and more frequently an immediate complication after abdominal or obstetric surgeries. For this reason, this caseis novel in that it represents one of the few cases in which CAPS was triggered by cardiac surgery involving cardiopulmonarybypass (CPB).
Constructing Ontology-based Exclusive Environmental Certification Systems
Authors: Yu Sheng-Tsai , Chou Ying-Chyi , Lai Wen-Hsiang
Published: October 2016

Since the 1970s, governments around the world have developed environmental regulations and environmental management system (EMSs). Public and private enterprises are obligated to comply with EMSs to prevent environmental pollution. After the International Organization of Standardization (ISO) published the ISO 14001 EMS in September 1996, environmental certification became a focus of attention for enterprises worldwide. Subsequently, various EMSs, such as the ISO 14064-1 Greenhouse Gas Emission Auditing System in 2006 and the ISO 50001 Energy Management System in 2011, have been developed. Governments can demand environmental certification to enforce compliance with environmental regulations. Furthermore, environmental certification can motivate enterprises to improve environmentally relevant practices, conserve energy, and lower costs. This study establishes an ontological knowledge model of shareable and reusable environmental certification index systems. According to this knowledge model, an environmental certification system, an environmental performance index system, and a leather-industry-exclusive environmental certification system were created using the Web Ontology Language (OWL) found in the Protégé platform. The relationship between the EMSs and the performance indices was then generalized to explain the certification systems and their attainable performance indices to enterprise owners. Thus, enterprise owners can select applicable EMSs according to this EMS ontology.