bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gestão de riscos de atividades ao ar livre durante a pandemia de COVID-19: um relato de experiência
Authors: Cavasini Rodrigo , Pisani Annes Alice , De Lima Kssesinski Jaqueline , Falcão Breyer Rafael
Published: August 2020

As atividades ao ar livre podem expor os praticantes a riscos, os quais não devem ser considerados unicamente impeditivos, entretanto, geram a demanda por processos estruturados de gestão, ainda mais relevantes com a presença da COVID-19. Este trabalho relata a experiência do desenvolvimento de um processo de gestão de riscos para atividades ao ar livre durante a pandemia de COVID-19. A experiência ocorreu em uma disciplina do Curso de Educação Física da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. O processo de gestão de riscos buscou contextualizar a proposta de atividades ao ar livre, além de identificar, analisar, avaliar e tratar os riscos. Enfim, uma experiência que contribuiu para o aprimoramento da segurança dos participantes da disciplina e que pode ser útil a demais praticantes de atividades ao ar livre, em especial, durante a pandemia.
The contribution of dynamic versus static formant information in conversational speech
Authors: Heeren Willemijn
Published: August 2020

The relative contributions of static and dynamic formant representations to speaker-specificity were investigated in conversational speech and in two vowels varying in inherent spectral change. Using polynomial fits, the contribution of dynamic formant coefficients to speaker-specificity relative to that of the formant intercept was investigated in the diphthongal vowel [ei] taken from English and Dutch conversational speech. The [ei] tokens were sampled from various linguistic contexts and analysed in an LR approach. Results show that formant dynamics contain speaker-specific information in conversational speech even though the high contextual variation seems to reduce its effect relative to that reported by earlier work. Vowels differ in inherent dynamicity and therefore, the added value of dynamic formant information to speaker-specificity was also compared between vowels differing in inherent spectral change. Using Dutch data, the contribution of formant dynamics to speaker-specificity was compared between [ei] and [a?] tokens produced by the same speakers. Formant dynamics in conversational speech only contributed to speaker-specificity in the diphthong [ei], not in the monophthong [a?].
A cognitive and systemic functional approach of the use of personal pronouns in legal discourse: life insurance contracts and court hearings as a case study
Authors: Hlioui Ameni
Published: August 2020

This thesis aims at studying personal pronouns from two perspectives: Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL henceforth) and Cognitive Linguistics. The experiential metafunction of SFL is used to determine if different speakers assign different participant roles to personal pronouns to serve their different ends. The interpersonal metafunction of SFL is used to check if the use of personal pronouns can reflect the social status of speakers and detect whether they are credible in their speech. As far as Cognitive Linguistics is concerned, this thesis attempts to apply cognitive models like the Attention Model (Langacker, 1987 & 2008) and the Force Dynamics Model (Talmy, 2000) to see if personal pronouns can be used as a tool of exertion of power in discourse. The corpus of this study belongs to a discourse that is an ‘exercise of power and of power over meaning’ (Goodrich, 1987: 2): the legal discourse. This corpus pertains to two genres of legal discourse: Life Insurance Contracts and Court Hearing Transcripts. These genres are chosen because one of the important goals of this thesis is to discover whether the variable of genre affects the distribution of personal pronouns and their participant roles in legal discourse. In order to achieve the aforementioned aims, a variety of quantitative and qualitative tools are employed in the methodology of this thesis. The UAM CorpusTool is used to annotate all the instances of personal pronouns according to their context in the corpus, the participant roles assigned to them and their sources. After annotation, the statistical tools of frequency distribution and the Chi-square test are used to test the hypotheses of this thesis. On the qualitative paradigm, an in-depth study of the use of some personal pronouns using the SFL and Cognitive Linguistics approaches for interpretation is carried out. It has been concluded that the choice of certain personal pronouns and of certain participant roles assigned to them is genre specific. Indeed, the genre of the corpus dictates certain preferences of reference density and of processes and participant roles. These preferences are also dependent on the aims of each genre. It has also been found out that the power dynamics holding between the different participants of each genre and between the different types of participants in court hearings affect the choice of personal pronouns and the participant roles assigned to them. The results have led to the conclusion that this choice is also influenced by the different objectives these different participants seek to achieve in different legal settings.
Implementation of E-learning Technology in the Healthcare Sector of Bangladesh: A Brief Review
Authors: Aktar Moonmoon , Rahman Mohammad Shobujur
Published: August 2020

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. In today's technology-driven era, countries around the world are adopting e-health as well as e-learning opportunities for the improvement of healthcare. Bangladesh, in particular, is progressively approving e-learning in the healthcare sector. This review article aims to gain an in-depth understanding of the efficacy of e-learning opportunities in the healthcare sector of Bangladesh as well as a recommendation for future studies in this field. For the purpose of this review, articles were extracted from one database (MEDLINE Ovid) and Google search results. In total, thirteen articles and one report were included that are elaborately discussed in the results section. A review of the literature undertaken found that adopting e-learning or e-health has an optimistic impact in the expansion of healthcare in Bangladesh however there is a need for clear government policy to sustain the progress towards a Digital Bangladesh. The results from this study and published data support this conclusion.
The collaboration between governments and civil society organizations in response to emergency situations
Authors: Alves Mário Aquino , Costa Marcelo Marchesini da
Published: August 2020

Resumo A pandemia da COVID-19 é um exemplo de grande emergência que desafia a administração pública ocasionalmente. A despeito da variedade de eventos dessa natureza, recai sobre o governo, majoritariamente, a responsabilidade pelas ações emergenciais nesses momentos. Organizações da Sociedade Civil (OSCs) podem, no entanto, contribuir para uma resposta rápida e adequada a tais ocorrências. Neste artigo, são discutidas as características das OSCs que as habilitam a contribuir para as medidas de emergência adotadas pelos governos. Analisa-se também a possibilidade de ampliação dos arranjos colaborativos entre governos e OSCs.
Pandemia e desemprego no Brasil
Authors: Costa Simone da Silva
Published: August 2020

Resumo A pandemia da COVID-19 é um problema de saúde pública global que imprimiu uma nova dinâmica à economia mundial. A rápida propagação da doença e o uso do distanciamento como forma de prevenção expuseram as desigualdades sociais e urbanas das cidades capitalistas. No Brasil, como em outros países, o isolamento social promoveu rápidas mudanças no mercado de trabalho, com impactos mais severos para 37,3 milhões de pessoas que vivem na informalidade, já que elas não têm direitos como Fundo de Garantia por Tempo de Serviço (FGTS) e seguro-desemprego. Para a Organização Internacional do Trabalho (OIT), as primeiras demissões estão ocorrendo entre aqueles que vivem do trabalho precário, como terceirizados, balconistas, garçons, funcionários de cozinha, diaristas, manipuladores de bagagem e produtos de limpeza. Assim, faremos uma breve síntese das consequências que a crise sanitária vem promovendo para os trabalhadores brasileiros, bem como proporemos medidas de enfrentamento que não se limitem aos auxílios emergenciais. A recuperação e a criação de ocupações dependerão, entre outros fatores, da retomada dos gastos com programas sociais e econômicos que reduziram as desigualdades sociais no início deste século, como o Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento em Favelas (PAC-Favelas); o Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida; o Programa Bolsa Família (PBF); e o Programa de Geração de Emprego e Renda (Proger) com recursos do Fundo de Amparo ao Trabalhador (FAT). Esses programas podem e devem ser ampliados a fim de fazer com a que a economia retome o crescimento em longo prazo.
Preditores da intenção de permanecer em distanciamento social
Authors: Iwaya Gabriel Horn , Cardoso Janaína Gularte , Sousa Júnior João Henriques de , Steil Andrea Valéria
Published: August 2020

Resumo A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo desenvolver uma Escala de Intenção de Permanecer em Distanciamento Social (EIPDS) com base na Teoria do Comportamento Planejado (TCP). O modelo teórico estabelece que as variáveis “atitudes”, “normas subjetivas” e “controle comportamental percebido” são preditoras da intenção de permanecer em distanciamento social (IPDS). O delineamento metodológico foi o de levantamento online com amostragem não probabilística. A pesquisa contou com 786 participantes brasileiros, majoritariamente residentes da região Sul do país. As variáveis da TCP explicaram 85% da variação da IPDS: normas subjetivas (β = 0,69), atitudes (β = 0,24) e controle comportamental percebido (β = 0,07). Os resultados evidenciam quais crenças subjacentes exercem influência sobre a formação da IPDS e podem servir às organizações públicas e privadas no processo de desenvolvimento de estratégias de promoção e engajamento da população na adoção do comportamento de “permanecer em distanciamento social” no Brasil. O trabalho apresenta as implicações práticas, as limitações da pesquisa e as possibilidades de estudos futuros sobre a IPDS.
The use of cyberspace by the public administration in the COVID-19 pandemic: diagnosis and vulnerabilities
Authors: Medeiros Breno Pauli , Goldoni Luiz Rogério Franco , Batista Junior Eliezer , Rocha Henrique Ribeiro da
Published: August 2020

Resumo A pandemia da COVID-19, por demandar isolamento social, impõe aproximação e coordenação de esforços de entes públicos e privados por intermédio da Internet e dos serviços digitais. O artigo analisa o uso e a operacionalização do ciberespaço pela Administração Pública no combate ao SARS-CoV-2 e apresenta um diagnóstico das vulnerabilidades e desafios referentes a essa crescente operacionalização. A administração pública passou a operacionalizar o ciberespaço com mais afinco a partir da década de 1990, com o e-government. Estratégias de coordenação (inter)governamental impostas pela atual conjuntura seriam impossíveis sem a intensificação da operacionalização do ciberespaço pelo aparato administrativo público, que transpõe para o domínio digital práticas e ações pouco usuais ou mesmo inéditas. Dada sua artificialidade, o ciberespaço só pode ser operacionalizado por detentores de meios para tal. A “democratização” cibernética esbarra na exclusão digital. O atual isolamento social evidencia desafios técnicos e socioeconômicos decorrentes da transposição do aparato de administração pública para o ciberespaço.
Pandemic responses in vulnerable communities: a simulation-oriented approach
Authors: Rodrigues Vinícius Picanço , Oliveira Igor Czermainski de , Chaves Gisele de Lorena Diniz , Aquino Ellen Larissa de Carvalho , Viegas Cláudia Viviane
Published: August 2020

Abstract Populations living in favelas are facing even more vulnerabilities with the sudden escalation of the COVID-19 pandemic, as social distancing is challenging in such settings. Furthermore, these populations typically lack proper sanitation and hygiene conditions, which are requirements to adequately control the outbreak. This paper proposes the use of System Dynamics modeling to support the public policy-making process in order to avert negative effects of the pandemic in the Brazilian favelas based on measures elicited from the social movement named “Favelas Contra o Corona.” The simulation model assessed the effectiveness of strategies and policy bundles encompassing temporary transfer of the favela population, supply of hygiene products, emergency sanitation structures, and expansion of Intensive Care Units. Results indicate that a suitable combination of strategies can bring significant effects to the number of avoidable deaths and the availability of Intensive Care Units for the population.
The challenges of funding the Brazilian health system in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of the federative pact
Authors: Fernandes Gustavo Andrey de Almeida Lopes , Pereira Blenda Leite Saturnino
Published: August 2020

Resumo O aprimoramento das regras de financiamento do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) em estados e municípios é um dos grandes desafios da saúde pública no Brasil. O objetivo deste artigo é contribuir para este amplo debate, analisando a resposta governamental ao desafio de combate à COVID-19, sob o prisma do financiamento público dos serviços de saúde dos governos subnacionais brasileiros. Uma abordagem quali-quantitativa é adotada, mesclando-se análise documental e análise de regressão. Resultados mostram que não houve mudança substantiva nos critérios de repasse, pouco sensíveis a fatores epidemiológicos. Ajustes nas normas de aplicação foram realizados para dar maior agilidade aos gastos. Tamanho populacional, produção de riquezas locais e número de leitos de internação parecem ser os principais fatores que definem a distribuição dos recursos. O desenho de financiamento do combate à COVID-19, assim como o volume de recursos parecem ser insuficientes frente à dimensão da crise.
The Brazilian sanitation sector’s response to COVID-19
Authors: Capodeferro Morganna Werneck , Smiderle Juliana Jerônimo
Published: August 2020

Resumo A essencialidade da água à vida talvez tenha ficado ainda mais evidente com a pandemia da COVID-19. Aos prestadores dos serviços de saneamento foi atribuída a responsabilidade de garantir à população a manutenção do abastecimento de água potável, fornecendo meios para que ela pudesse preservar os hábitos de higiene e controlar a propagação do vírus. No entanto, como se poderia garantir que a prestação do serviço não fosse afetada, seja pelo acometimento dos funcionários, seja pela reduzida capacidade de pagamento dos usuários? Este foi o desafio enfrentado pelos prestadores. Diversas foram as medidas adotadas pela Administração Pública para responder no curto prazo a esse desafio, tais como: restrição ao atendimento presencial nas unidades, isenção tarifária aos usuários da tarifa social e suspensão do corte por inadimplência. Contudo todas estas medidas podem desequilibrar as contas dos prestadores de serviço, deixando-os em uma situação de instabilidade que, a princípio, deverá ser sustentada até o fim da pandemia, quando os processos de reequilíbrio econômico-financeiro serão conduzidos pelos reguladores. Estes são e continuarão sendo os principais atores na minimização dos impactos que incidiram sobre os prestadores e na mediação das negociações futuras. Este artigo traz recomendações aos reguladores sobre como tratar os desequilíbrios causados pela pandemia nos futuros processos. Caberá aos reguladores emitir diretrizes claras com relação ao procedimento a ser adotado pelos prestadores, para que possam pleitear o reequilíbrio de suas contas. Deve-se cogitar neste momento a flexibilização das metas contratuais.
O medo da morte flexibiliza perdas e aproxima polos: consequências políticas da pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil
Authors: Pereira Carlos , Medeiros Amanda , Bertholini Frederico
Published: August 2020

Resumo Desde sempre a humanidade se aflige com o fim da existência. Em algumas ocasiões, como a atual pandemia do novo coronavírus, percebemos sua presença mais de perto. Até que ponto o medo da morte pode alterar percepções e crenças dos indivíduos? É nesse contexto de incertezas e medos que decidimos investigar de que modo a sociedade brasileira vem avaliando seus governantes, sobretudo em relação à política de isolamento social. A pandemia da COVID-19 alterou os eixos da polarização política. De um lado, governadores, prefeitos e legisladores preocupados com os riscos de estrangulamento do sistema de saúde causado pela pandemia. De outro, o presidente Jair Bolsonaro, focado primordialmente nas consequências econômicas negativas da política de isolamento social. Por meio de uma pesquisa de opinião, identificamos que o “medo da morte” diminuiu a polarização ideológica existente no Brasil desde a eleição de Jair Bolsonaro à presidência da República. Ao contrário do que muitos esperavam, os eleitores que se auto-identificaram como de direita e centro-direita - supostamente, o núcleo de eleitores de Bolsonaro - rejeitaram seguir a recomendação e avaliam mal a performance de seu líder. Também mostramos que essa mudança de comportamento não foi influenciada pelos diferentes níveis de renda.
A Casa de Máquinas da administração pública no enfrentamento à COVID-19
Authors: Coelho Fernando de Souza , Corrêa Victor , Lisboa Rafael Lincoln , Resch Sibelly
Published: August 2020

Resumo O enfrentamento à COVID-19 no Brasil demanda estratégias e ações integradas e articuladas entre as três esferas de governo e seus diversos setores de políticas públicas para prestar serviços públicos essenciais e ofertar programas governamentais emergenciais. Para que essas ações públicas alcancem os cidadãos-usuários, as áreas-meio da administração pública, consideradas - metaforicamente - neste artigo como a Casa de Máquinas, entram em operação. Sob o prisma dessa dimensão intraorganizacional, este trabalho objetiva descrever e analisar as funções administrativas no ajuste do serviço funerário - elo final da cadeia de combate ao coronavírus em qualquer cidade. O locus empírico é o serviço funerário do município de São Paulo, escolhido pela sua magnitude e por ser monopólio do setor público. Usando-se da análise documental e da realização de entrevistas com gestores públicos locais, o artigo joga luz no back office pelas funcionalidades de finanças, recursos humanos, processos e tecnologia da informação (TI), compras e contratos, logística e operações, e comunicação/marketing, evidenciando as engrenagens das organizações públicas no contexto da crise sanitária e contribuindo para a reflexão sobre os pontos-chave que devem ser considerados em distintas realidades, ainda que com as limitações de uma análise de um processo em curso.
ANÁLISE EXPLORATÓRIA DA COLABORAÇÃO DOS FUNCIONÁRIOS E DO DESEMPENHO DO PLANEJAMENTO COLABORATIVO NA KLABIN S.A.
Authors: MOORI ROBERTO GIRO , DOMENEK ANTONIO CARLOS
Published: August 2020

RESUMO O planejamento colaborativo tem como foco o compartilhamento de informações estratégicas entre os membros da cadeia produtiva, objetivando desempenho competitivo. Todavia, obter desempenho competitivo depende da colaboração dos funcionários. À vista disso, esta pesquisa de natureza exploratória do tipo estudo de caso investiga o grau de relacionamento entre a colaboração dos funcionários e o desempenho do planejamento colaborativo na empresa brasileira de papel e celulose, a Klabin S. A. O resultado da pesquisa, analisado com dados primários obtidos por meio de entrevistas, mostrou evidência de alto grau de relacionamento entre a colaboração e o desempenho do planejamento colaborativo. Esse resultado foi corroborado na análise dos dados secundários, coletados por meio dos documentos oficiais da empresa. Concluiu-se que, embora houvesse a evidência do relacionamento positivo, esse resultado não pode ser analisado somente com base na colaboração dos funcionários. A análise deve incluir outras variáveis como treinamento e valorização profissional, qualificações técnicas e ferramentas gerenciais, para obter uma melhor acuracidade do grau de relacionamento de cada uma delas no desempenho do planejamento colaborativo.
UMA ANÁLISE DA EVOLUÇÃO DO BALANCED SCORECARD COMO FERRAMENTA DE CONTROLE DE DESEMPENHO E SUA RELAÇÃO COM OS INDICADORES FINANCEIROS
Authors: GASSENFERTH WALTER , SOARES MARIA AUGUSTA MACHADO
Published: August 2020

RESUMO Este estudo descritivo estatístico, baseado em uma dissertação de mestrado e em pesquisa realizada pela Fundação Dom Cabral, apresenta a evolução do Balanced Scorecard como ferramenta de controle de desempenho de empresas, de 1998 a 2002, e compara os resultados obtidos com a evolução dos indicadores financeiros mais tradicionais utilizados no mercado, como Ebitda, EVA e CVA. O universo pesquisado foi o das quinhentas maiores empresas privadas que operam no país, com base no critério de classificação das quinhentas maiores que foi adotado pela revista Exame - Melhores e Maiores, de junho de 2000. Partiu-se do pressuposto de que, pelo porte, pelos recursos e pela posição ocupada na economia, essas empresas são líderes em processos de mudanças e exercem forte influência nas práticas de gestão e no direcionamento do ambiente de negócios. A pesquisa realizada foi quantitativa, buscando-se para todas as questões critérios quantificáveis de avaliação. Acredita-se que este estudo será relevante para pesquisadores das áreas de controle de gestão e análise de desempenho, bem como para empresas que estejam considerando o Balanced Scorecard apenas como uma ferramenta de suporte ao desenvolvimento e à implementação da estratégia da empresa.
BRAZIL’S PROGRESS IN PROTECTING, PROMOTING AND SUPPORTING BREASTFEEDING FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE GLOBAL BREASTFEEDING COLLECTIVE
Authors: Melo Daiane Sousa , Oliveira Mariane Helen de , Pereira Débora dos Santos
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify and to discuss the progress of actions for the protection, promotion and support of breastfeeding in Brazil from the perspective of the indicators proposed by the Global Breastfeeding Collective. Data source: A narrative review was conducted according to the methodological orientation of the implementation research and through a qualitative approach. Publications from the World Health Organization and the United Nations Children’s Fund were selected, as well as publications from the Brazilian Ministry of Health were collected from the Virtual Health Library and from the libraries of the Department of Primary Care’s portal and the Brazilian’s Institute of Geography and Research. Data synthesis: Brazil has shown promising results regarding the implementation of breastfeeding protection legislation, the participation of municipalities in community breastfeeding support programs, and the continued evaluation of these programs. However, reports of breastfeeding rates have not been produced every five years and the progress of these indicators is very far from the agreed targets for 2030. There is also a need to improve the number of births in child-friendly hospitals and financial donations for breastfeeding programs. Conclusions: It is necessary to strengthen systematic monitoring of breastfeeding and following up current strategies to more effectively impact the breastfeeding rates in the country. Furthermore, it is suggested that the practice of donations is a pathway to be explored to support breastfeeding programs.
DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF THE REACTION AT THE BACILLUS CALMETTE-GUÉRIN VACCINATION SITE IN KAWASAKI DISEASE
Authors: Diniz Lilian Martins Oliveira , Castanheira Raquel Gomes , Giampietro Yala Gramigna , Silva Matheus Sewastjanow , Nogueira Flávia Duarte , Pessoa Priscila Duarte , Santos Thamires Marx da Silva , Coutinho Gislene Soares , Romanelli Roberta Maia de Castro
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the case of an infant - diagnosed with incomplete Kawasaki disease - who developed BCG scar reactivation. Case description: A 6-month-old patient was admitted to hospital with fever associated with ocular hyperemia, cervical lymphadenopathy, and hyperemic lips, and remained hospitalized for 12 days. The physical examination revealed an inflammatory reaction at the site of the BCG scar, leading to the diagnosis of incomplete Kawasaki disease. The patient was treated with venous immunoglobulin, but presented recurrence of Kawasaki disease, with subsequent onset of coronary artery disease. Comments: BCG scar reactivation is an important finding in countries where the vaccine is routinely given and may be a useful marker for early diagnosis of Kawasaki disease, especially in its incomplete form.
Avaliação do ensino remoto de Epidemiologia em uma universidade pública do Sul do Brasil durante pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Ries Edi Franciele , Rocha Verginia Margareth Possatti , Silva Carlos Gustavo Lopes da
Published: August 2020

A manutenção de atividades de ensino durante a pandemia de COVID-19 em Instituições de Ensino Superior exigiu adaptação pedagógica e replanejamento didático de disciplinas em cursos presenciais. Esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar o ensino remoto de Epidemiologia para cursos da área da saúde de instituição pública. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo com abordagem quali e quantitativa. O ensino foi avaliado por 54 acadêmicos regularmente matriculados e que acompanham as disciplinas por regime remoto, quanto aos aspectos de estrutura geral, quantidade de recursos e atividades, flexibilização de tempo e espaço, feedback, pertinência e adequação de metodologias, satisfação e aprendizado. A estrutura geral das disciplinas bem como a satisfação foram identificados como bons ou ótimos por mais de 80% dos respondentes. Igualmente a maioria dos participantes consideraram as metodologias pertinentes e adequadas para as competências e objetivos esperados em todos os tópicos de ensino avaliados. A análise complementar de relatos evidenciou a utilização de metodologias ativas como potencial para o aprendizado da ciência e identificou desafios do ensino remoto como gestão de tempo e estudo. O conjunto de resultados mostrou a potencialidade de ensino e aprendizagem e possibilitou adequações na continuidade das disciplinas considerando as limitações da modalidade identificadas pelos participantes.
Investigation of thermal residual stress of borided steel: finite-element simulation
Authors: Kahraman Yasar
Published: August 2020

Although a technologically interesting characteristic of boriding is the production of a hard, wear-resistant layer on the treated steel parts, thermal residual stresses may lead to crack formation in both the iron boride (FeB) layer and the vicinity of the iron boride–diiron boride (Fe2B) interface. In this study, the thermal residual stress distribution in borided tool steel without temperature gradients was investigated systematically by using finite-element analysis. A transient analysis was performed to obtain the stress change with cooling time. The models were cooled down from 823 to 293 K under steady-state conditions. The maximum compressive residual stress is about 690 MPa and tends to decrease with increasing layer thickness. For the case of the double-layer model with 60 μm thick diiron boride, the tensile residual stress occurs on the surface of the iron boride layer and its value changes within the range of 1870–2025 MPa with the iron boride layer thickness. However, the magnitude of the shear stress at the steel–diiron boride interface is not crucial in the model with a single boride layer. The shear stress at the iron boride–diiron boride interface in the double-layer model increases dramatically with the iron boride layer and exceeds 1050 MPa for a high percentage of iron boride (52%) in the total layer thickness.
Evaluation of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Produced with Interesterified Buriti Oil
Authors: Reis Lívia Viana de Castro , Leão Karina Magna , Speranza Paula , Ribeiro Ana Paula Badan , Macedo Gabriela Alves , Macedo Juliana Alves
Published: August 2020

Research background. Extracted from the pulp of an Amazonian fruit, buriti oil is rich in micronutrients with antioxidant properties and has high biological value. The few studies available indicate that this oil could be used in a wide range of applications; however, there are no studies that work on the improvement in the characteristics of this oilfor commercial application. The enzymatic interesterification is one of the tools available to improve the properties of oils and fats and our recent studies demonstrated that the lipase could specifically act on buriti oil to produce structured lipids rich in oleic acid, while preserving most of minority compounds present in this oil. Still looking for ways to expand applicability of this raw oil, in this recent work, we are interested in studying how is the behavior of this structured oil in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs).
Experimental approach. Samples were stored at 4 and 25 °C for 30 days and their physicochemical properties were evaluated.
Results and conclusions. The results showed that the interesterification formed more unsaturated triacylglycerols (TAGs) and NLCs prepared with interesterified buriti oil presented small droplets than NLCs with original buriti oil. Particles remained stable throughout the storage period and NLCs exhibited complex polymorphism with the presence of three crystalline forms. The ORAC value was approximately 23 % higher in nanolipid carries with structured lipids in comparison with the nano lipid carriers with original buriti oil, and the FRAP value, 16 % higher, demonstrating the influence of interesterification on the antioxidant activity of nanocarriers. Thus, NLCs prepared with interesterified buriti oil exhibit smaller droplets, high stability and antioxidant capacity and have potential for nutritional and biological applications.
Novelty and scientific contribution. This research showed that interesterification positively influenced the physicochemical properties of NLCs, producing oils rich in oleic acid, high stability and antioxidant capacity. Therefore, it may be interesting to use these nanocarriers to obtain efficient carrier systems for future applications.
Neither Adopted nor Borrowed: A Critique of the Conception of the South African Bill of Rights
Authors: Dube Felix
Published: August 2020

The failure of the post-apartheid government to deliver on some of the promises of the South African Bill of Rights, coupled with the appropriation of the Bill of Rights by the international human rights movement, create the impression that the Bill of Rights is a neo-liberal instrument which is irrelevant to the needs of South Africans and the realities of their circumstances. If the people of South Africa are convinced that the Bill of Rights embraces a Western agenda more than it expresses their collective aspirations, it will lose its legitimacy. While acknowledging that the conception of the Bill of Rights is contested between the international human rights movement and some South Africans, this article shows that the Bill of Rights was neither adopted nor borrowed from the international human rights movement. South Africans did not assimilate the International Bill of Rights but conceived their own Bill of Rights in the early decades of the 20th Century. The conception of the South African Bill of Rights was a response to colonialism and apartheid and was not a consequence of tutelage by the international human rights movement.
Thrips (Thysanoptera) associated with Pitahaya Selenicereus Undatus (Haw.) D.R. Hunt. Species, population levels and some natural enemies
Authors: Meza Ketty , Cusme Maria , Velasquez José , Chirinos Dorys
Published: August 2020

The pitahaya, Selenicereus undatus (Haw.) D.R. Hunt (Cactaceae) is a species whose fruit is appetizing for its appearance and flavor, which has increased its demand in the international market. Ecuador has increased its planting reaching 1108 ha. This crop could be affected by pests, such as thrips, whose effects on pitahaya are unknown. During the period February - June 2019, a field study was carried out in the province of Manabí, Ecuador, with the aim of identifying the species of thrips, estimating population levels on the plant, organs (flower bud, flowers, fruits), as well as, determine the percentage of damage and the associated predators. Thrips species and populations were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis H test (P<0.05). Thrips populations (P <0.05) were correlated with rainfall and a regression analysis was performed between the latter and the percentage of damage to fruits. The most abundant species was Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). Populations ranged from 0.3 to 6.0 individuals per plant, which were not correlated with rainfall. The thrips showed a marked preference for flowers. The regression model [Y = 1.87 + 1.04 (X), R2=0.83, P <0.05] showed an increase in fruit damage as a function of thrips populations. Four taxa of predatory arthropods were observed. As far as knowledge goes, this represents the first study on species, population levels, damage from thrips and predators associated with pitahaya.
Coronavirus en Ecuador: Una Opinión Desde la Academia.
Authors: Guerrero Santiago
Published: August 2020

Esta es la tercera vez que un coronavirus zoonótico ha podido infectar diversas poblaciones humanas. Este nuevo virus, clasificado como SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), es el agente causal de la epidemia denominada COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). La investigación internacional realizada en torno a este nuevo brote fue tan eficaz que en poco tiempo ya se conocía el genoma del virus, su biología y sus principales aspectos epidemiológicos. En Ecuador se han reportado hasta la fecha 1962 casos positivos de SARS-CoV-2, situación que generó una gran preocupación por parte de la sociedad y la Academia ecuatoriana. Por lo tanto, en este artículo de opinión se detallarán las principales investigaciones realizadas sobre el SARS-CoV-2 a nivel internacional, se discutirá sobre la importancia de la Academia en la toma de decisiones sanitarias y se pondrá en perspectiva el papel de la investigación fundamental para la contención de un posible brote en Ecuador.
TO THE QUESTION ABOUT THE SEXUAL ACTIVITY OF WOMEN IN THE CITY OF TAMBOV
Authors: Kakushkin N. M.
Published: August 2020

Sexual activity is one of the main goals of life on earth for every being. For a person, this goal of life is especially important, because, thanks to the mental development of his mental powers, his sexual activity is not instinctive, like in every animal, but is more conscious and therefore constitutes for him a more urgent need for life. Like any creature, human sexual activity is divided between two sexes, between a man and a woman, but the man accounts for only a small part of this activity, almost all the burden is borne by the woman. From this, the functions of the female genital apparatus are very complex: they are not limited to the narrow sphere of one genital apparatus, but relate to the entire female body, having enormous influence on other spheres of its activity.
PROTOCOL No. XV.
Administrative meeting April 11, 1891
Authors: Krassovskiy A. Ya.
Published: August 2020

30 members attended.
Chronic endometritis. Persistent vomiting. Recovery
Authors: Fratkin B.
Published: August 2020

The case cited by the author concerns a patient who, for 3 months every day, in the morning on an empty stomach, had vomiting, preceded by severe pain in the epigast., Radiating to the back and shoulders.
TO THE TREATMENT OF INCOMPLETE ABORTION
Authors: Morgulis R. A.
Published: August 2020

Abortion is one of the most common sufferings of the female genital area. According to Hegar's statistics, there is 1 abortion for every 8-10 cases of normal birth. In the vast majority of cases, abortions are caused by various painful changes in the genital area. This includes mainly inflammatory forms of uterine diseases: metritis, endometritis; curvature of the uterus, rupture of the cervix, etc. All these diseases can be the direct cause of abortion, directly causing contraction of the uterus, or by preliminary disturbance of nutrition and death of the fetus, which in this case is a foreign body in the uterus and causes its contraction. Fetal death as one of the causes of abortion may depend on other, besides the above, local, as well as general diseases. Such are, for example, various forms of infection of the egg membranes, lues, high febrile state, strong degree of anomia, etc.
CASE OF RUPTURE OF THE UMBRELLA AT ARTIFICIAL DISTRIBUTION WITH A FAVORABLE OUTCOME FOR THE MOTHER AND THE FETUS
Authors: Rozanov I. I.
Published: August 2020

Cases of rupture of the umbilical cord are not particularly rare in the so-called street births, when the latter occur in a standing or seated position and the fetus, being on the one hand under the influence of the expelling forces of the uterus, on the other hand, due to its own weight, quickly, unsupported by anyone, comes out from the birth canal. Such conditions, of course, greatly contribute to the origin of the rupture of the umbilical cord, which is far from indifferent to both the fetus and the mother. Fortunately, the most street births in the big cities are quite rare. So, in the report of Hugenberger for 15 years (1845-1859) of the St. Petersburg Midwife Institute, 73 cases of street births were noted, of which in 10 cases the umbilical cord was ruptured.
PROTOCOL No. 2.
Meeting on February 13, 1892
Authors: Slavyanskiy K. F.
Published: August 2020

42 members were present: Andreev N. Yu., Batsevich, Bidder, Vorobyev, Hermonius, Goraiskiy, Danilovich, Dobradin, Dobrovolskiy, Dranitsyn, Dobrovolskiy V.N., Zamshin, Zachek, Lapin, Krasnopolskiy, Lichkus, Maslovskiy V.F., Massen, Mazurkevich, Neishtube, Ott, Popov, Porshnyakov, Radetskiy R.K., Rodzevich, Bachinskiy, Savchenko, Stelmakhovpch, Stravinskiy, Strogonov, Tarnovskiy, Urvich, Fisher A.R., Tsekhanovetskiy, Tsyrskiy, Shverdlov, Schmidt, Shtol, Stolts, Schuttenbach, Eberman, Yanpolskiy and 17 guests.
PROTOCOL No. II
Administrative appointment on February 13, 1892
Authors: Slavyanskiy K. F.
Published: August 2020

24 members attended.
OBSTETRIC GYNECOLOGICAL SOCIETY IN BERLIN
Meeting December 11, 1891
Authors: Massen V. N.
Published: August 2020

Brse demonstrated a new vaginal electrode that he made for such electrical applications where one wishes to take advantage of the pole-to-pole current. The electrode consists of a clay cylinder with a circumference of 9 cm, which is inserted into the vagina in exactly the same way as a tubular mirror. In this clay cylinder is placed a metal cylinder, equipped with numerous holes, which has a screw at its outer end to strengthen the conductor. After the introduction of the clay cylinder, a metal cylinder is inserted into the vagina, and the clay tube is filled with warm water. The wet clay cylinder is an excellent conductor of current and replaces the skin electrode made from a sponge. If this cylinder is inserted into the vagina for a length of 8-10 cm, then with a circumference of 9 cm, it will correspond to a flat electrode of 72-90 sq. Cm. This electrode is intended for use where one wants to concentrate the current density in more than one place of the vagina. but evenly distribute the current over the pelvic organs. It is used more where, when using strong galvanic currents, they want to avoid the cauterizing effect on the vaginal mucosa, which easily occurs when spherical electrodes are used, despite being wrapped in cotton wool. Finally, it is used where one wants to obtain an interpolar (so-called catalytic) effect. The patient, when using this electrode, tolerates perfectly well currents of 80-100 MA, while cauterization of the vaginal mucosa is not obtained.
A well-known category of obstetric cases in which forceps are required
Authors: Kuhn F.
Published: August 2020

The obstetricians are increasingly becoming convinced, based on experience, that in cases where there is a choice between forceps and twist, forceps should be preferred, as it is less dangerous for the mother and the fetus, even in the presence of deformity or narrowness. pelvis. In general, thanks to the advances in instrumental technology and the increasing experience of obstetricians, we can now apply forceps in many such cases in which we did not dare to do so before.
On asepsis in the maternity and postpartum period
Authors: Ruzi D.
Published: August 2020

The author cites the results obtained during aseptic delivery in the Yekaterinburg Maternity Hospital. The use of asepsis is started from the postpartum period. Instead of the mercuric chloride used earlier for washing the genital parts, they began to take boiled and filtered water through cotton wool.
Cocaine use in gynecological surgery
Authors: Kuhn F.
Published: August 2020

The author warmly praises local anesthesia with cocaine in some gynecological operations.
Uterine adenoma
Authors: Kuhn F.
Published: August 2020

Before talking about uterine adenoma in general, the author is trying to bring some clarity to the confusing nomenclature of endometrial diseases. Mucous polyps, endometritis fungosa, true adenoma, adenomatous polyp, benign adenoma and adeno-carcinoma, all described by various authors as variations of true adenoma.
Cystis intraligamentosa ovarii sinistri. Laparotomia
Authors: Ruzi D.
Published: August 2020

A woman, 47 years old, of average height, correct physique, was admitted to the hospital with a complaint of pain in the sacrum, left hip and a feeling of fatigue. She gave birth once at the age of 18. At 42, the regulations stopped. About two years ago I noticed a swelling in my stomach. The abdomen is enlarged, its covers are smooth.
FISTULA VESICOVAGINALIS SUB PARTU AFTER COMPLICATIONS OF RODOV STONE OF THE BLADDER
Authors: Kochurova V.
Published: August 2020

Bladder stones in women are generally known to be very rare. Dr. Klin at the Moscow City Hospital over a 38-year period of time (from 1822 to 1860) out of 1792 cases of bladder stones counted only 4 in the female sex. Winckel, out of 10,000 women and girls he studied in Berlin, Roshtok and Dresden over a 15-year period (1860-1875), found only one bladder stone in a woman. According to Walter Kowlson, for every 100 cases of stones in men, there are 5 in women, therefore 20 times less often. Even less often, of course, there are cases of complications of pregnancy and childbirth with bladder stones.
FIBROMYOMA SUBMUCOSUM UTERI. ENUCLEATIO PER VAGINAM
Authors: Sokolovsky L. I.
Published: August 2020

On October 24, 1889, a patient, Praskovya Sergeeva A., 46 years old, came to me on the occasion of severe bleeding, which the patient has very often recurs, for already a year.
OBSTETRIC GYNECOLOGICAL SOCIETY IN KIEV.
Meeting on April 22, 1892
Authors: Voff I. A.
Published: August 2020

Regarding the minutes of the past meeting, A.G. Boryakovskiy made several remarks about the device arranged by Dr. ). Contrary to the statements of the speaker, Boryakovskiy believes that neither his device, nor the devices of the future, the most advanced in their design, are able to give such results that, in terms of the purity of the study, would fully correspond to such a significant level of development of modern bacteriology. In order to penetrate into the uterine cavity without capturing the cervical compartment, it is necessary to either eliminate these compartments, or make them indifferent, or, finally, pass them by.
OBSTETRIC GYNECOLOGICAL SOCIETY IN BERLIN.
Meeting on January 8, 1892
Authors: Massen V. N.
Published: August 2020

Mackenrodt presented a case of a bilateral tubal pregnancy, which he operated on with good success in November 1891. A 32-year-old patient, 6 years ago, got married for the first time and in the course of three years of her marriage gave birth 2 times safely and once there was a miscarriage. Since then, she was no longer pregnant. After the death of her first husband, she remained a widow for 2 years, then remarried. In May 1890, the regulations were absent, in June there were irregular bleeding and severe pain on the right side, and the temperature rose to 40 . The doctor diagnosed a right-sided ectopic pregnancy.
On the use of electricity in gynecology
Authors: Brandt A.
Published: August 2020

The author in 11 cases of uterine myomas had the opportunity to apply the Apostoli method. In 8 cases, this method of treatment was used for long-lasting bleeding, and one patient underwent castration in 1887, in 3 cases, for severe pain and symptomatic complaints.
Tobacco and Marijuana Co-use Behaviors among Cigarillo Users
Authors: Albert Elizabeth L. , Ishler Karen J. , Perovsek Rachel , Trapl Erika S. , Flocke Susan A.
Published: August 2020

Objectives: In this study, we examine the frequency of 'simultaneous use' (smoking tobacco in close temporal proximity to smoking marijuana) and substitution (smoking a cigarillo in place of a marijuana blunt – a cigar wrapper filled with marijuana) and their association
with nicotine dependence (ND) among young cigarillo users. Methods: The sample consisted of 686 cigarillo and blunt co-users who responded to a cross-sectional, Web-based survey of 14-28-year-olds recruited via social media. We used bivariate analyses and multiple linear regression
to examine the association of simultaneous use and substitution with participant demographics, tobacco product use, marijuana use, and ND. Results: Most users reported simultaneous use (72.4%) and substitution (67.9%). Chasing was the most common form of simultaneous use (63%). Simultaneous
users were more likely to use tobacco daily and to smoke cigarettes, and reported a lower age of initiation to marijuana and tobacco than non-simultaneous users. The most common reason for substituting (73%) was the lack of availability of marijuana. Both practices were strongly and independently
associated with greater ND, adjusting for covariates. Conclusions: Simultaneous use and substitution are common co-use behaviors among cigarillo users, and may play a role in promoting increased tobacco use and nicotine dependence.
Editorial
Authors: Caplan Paula J.
Published: August 2020

Editorial