bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR JARINGAN LOCAL AREA NETWORK PADA SMP MUHAMMADIYAH 01 PRINGSEWU
Authors: Prasetia Nanda Adi , Aminudin Nur , Zulkifli  , M. Islamahdi
Published: January 2021

Jaringan komputer adalah jaringan telekomunikasi yang memungkinkan antar komputer untuk saling berkomunikasi dengan bertukar data. Pada SMP Muhammadiyah 01 Pringsewu sudah memanfaatkan kemajuan teknologi jaringan komputer, namun belum sepenuhnya terkoneksi dengan baik. Oleh karena itu dalam penelitian ini akan di bangun dan dikembangkan suatu arsitektur jaringan Lokal Area Network ( LAN ) yang terhubung dengan Internet Speedy. Perancangan arsitektur jaringan ini meliputi perancangan koneksi ke jaringan internet speedy, dan perancangan arsitektur  lab komputer yang terhubung dengan jaringan di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Muhammadiyah 01 Pringsewu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang teknologi yang ada beserta sistemnya, serta menambah teknologi dan system yang belum ada untuk dapat diintegrasikan ke dalam sebuah jaringan komputer yang terkoneksi dengan jaringan Internet Speedy. Diharapkan hasil penelitian ini akan membantu Guru dan Siswa SMP Muhammadiyah 01 Pringsewu dalam mencari dan mengembangkan informasi, sehingga dapat menunjang pembelajaran yang efektif dan efisien
Itämeren aleneva suolapitoisuus muokkaa Suomen rannikon lajien levinneisyyttä
Authors: Kallio Niko , Sahla Matti , Kalliola Risto
Published: January 2021

The physical and chemical properties of water are vital for aquatic organisms. Should changes in these conditions occur, responses would follow both in the distributions of species and ecosystem functioning. Water salinity is particularly critical because it induces osmotic stress and requires specific physiological adaptations from the living organisms. Current climate change models suggest increasing precipitation in the Baltic Sea catchment area and decreasing seawater salinity along the Finnish seacoast. In order to envisage potential consequences of decreasing salinity in the coastal ecosystems, we apply alternative Baltic Sea salinity scenarios based on climate change and species inventory data with GIS modelling to estimate possible changes in the distributions of four aquatic species within the next 50 years. The results suggest that marine species are to lose much of their current distribution areas: blue mussel may constrain its distribution into the Archipelago- and Bothnian Sea areas only, while eelgrass will likely disappear completely. In contrast, the studied freshwater species, brackish water sponge and the common water mosses, will strongly expand their distributions along the Finnish seacoast. Their currently isolated populations in the Gulf of Finland and the Gulf of Bothnia will expand their populations as far as the Archipelago Sea, which will thereby become a biogeographically interesting contact zone. As many of the studied organisms are keystone species, their changing distributions will induce cascade effects at the ecosystem level.
Svenska judars berättelser om flyktingar, överlevande och hjälpverksamheter under och efter Förintelsen
Authors: Thor Tureby Malin
Published: January 2021

Swedish Jews’ supposed inactivity over Europe’s persecuted Jews during the Holocaust has been a prevalent discourse during the post-war period. This article ponders the origins of that discourse and how it affects how and what Swedish Jews narrate about aid and relief work, and Jewish refugees and survivors, when recounting their memories from the 1930s and 1940s. This investigation also examines how previous research has addressed and represented the aid efforts of the Jewish minority in Sweden and discusses what new empirical knowledge about Swedish Jewish aid and relief work during the Holocaust we can ascertain by using oral history. Hence, it is also a contribution to the ongoing debate in the research field of ‘refugee studies’, initiated by the historians Philip Marfleet and Peter Gatrell, who emphasise both the importance of working with historical perspectives and asking questions about the sources at the disposal of historians and what sources they choose to work with when writing about aid, relief work and refugees.
PROMOSI PRODUK MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA SOSIAL ONLINE PADA PARA PEDAGANG KECIL DI KOTA LHOKSEUMAWE
Authors: Husin Dasmi , Wijaya Ismed , Dewi Nurmila , . Hilmi
Published: January 2021

Kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat (PM) ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan ketrampilan para pengusaha kecil (UKM) di Desa Meunasah Mesjid Peunteut Kecamatan Blang Mangat Kota Lhokseumawe memanfaatkan media sosial online untuk keperluan promosi produknya. Khalayak sasarannya adalah para pedagang kecil, industri rumah tangga (produksi keripik pisang, roti/cake), dan jasa rias kecantikan. Jumlah peserta sekira 5 orang. Usaha mitra UKM di Kecamatan Blang Mangat Lhokseumawe diketahui kurang berkembang dikarenakan manajemen pengelolaan usaha bersifat tradisional, segmentasi pasar sangat terbatas, dan tidak kreatif memanfaatkan  teknologi informasi berupa media sosial online untuk keperluan pemasaran produk. Media sosial yang banyak digunakan oleh publik saat ini seperti toko online, twitter, whats App, line, istagram, BBM, facebook, dan youtube tidak dapat dimanfaatkan untuk keperluan promosi produk dagangannya. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan sekira 82% mitra ipteks telah menguasai konsep pemasaran, manajemen usaha, dan promosi online.      Keywords : Promosi Online, Produk Usaha Kecil
PROGRAM KEMITRAAN MASYARAKAT: MEMBERI PENGUATAN KEPADA GURU MENGENAI INTERNALISASI NILAI-NILAI KEISLAMAN, KEBANGSAAN, DAN KEACEHAN DALAM KEGIATAN BELAJAR DAN MENGAJAR DI SMA NEGERI 1 BIREUEN
Authors: Marwan Marwan , Siraj Siraj , Milfayetty Sri
Published: January 2021

Qanun Aceh Nomor 11 Tahun 2014 tentang Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan mengamanatkan bahwa penyelenggaraan pendidikan di Aceh mengandung nilai-nilai keislaman, kebangsaan dan keacehan yang terpadu dalam semua kegiatan sekolah. Namun dalam praktiknya guru-guru di sekolah mitra belum secara maksimal menerapkan nilai-nilai keislaman, kebangsaan dan keacehan  dalam kegiatan belajar dan mengajar. Hal ini disebabkan karena ketidakpahaman guru dan guru merasa sulit untuk bisa memadukan nilai-nilai tersebut dalam kegiatan belajar dan mengajar. Solusi-solusi yang telah diberikan dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan mitra adalah: 1) memberikan pelatihan berupa workshop mengenai sistem penyelenggaraan pendidikan di Aceh, serta internalisasi nilai-nilai keislaman, kebangsaan, dan keacehan dalam kegiatan belajar dan mengajar; 2) memberikan pelatihan dan pendampingan merancang Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran dan handout; 3) memberikan pelatihan bagi guru bimbingan konseling dalam mengentaskan masalah karakter siswa melalui layanan konseling Qur’ani, serta membangun manajemen networking konseling SMA; 4) memberikan pendampingan dalam implementasi nilai-nilai keislaman, kebangsaan, dan keacehan dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar; dan 5) menumbuh kembangkan motivasi dan ketrampilan mengajar yang bervariasi kepada guru di sekolah mitra. Pelaksanaan kegiatan Program Kemitraan Masyarakat (PKM) ini dilaksanakan di SMA Negeri 1 Bireuen, dengan sasaran guru-guru bidang studi dan guru-guru bimbingan konseling. Kegiatan tersebut dilakukan melalui: pelatihan dalam bentuk workshop, In House Training, serta pendampingan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, pemahaman, keterampilan dan produktivitas guru dalam menginternalisasikan nilai-nilai keislaman, kebangsaan dan keacehan dalam kegiatan belajar dan mengajar. Hasil yang telah diperoleh adalah  meningkatnya pengetahuan, pemahaman, keterampilan dan produktivitas guru dalam menginternalisasikan nilai-nilai keislaman, kebangsaan dan keacehan dalam kegiatan belajar dan mengajar.
MEMBERI PENGUATAN KEPADA GURU DALAM MENGATASI PERMASALAHAN PADA ANAK CERDAS BERBAKAT DI SD NEGERI PERCOBAAN MEDAN
Authors: Milfayetty Sri , Hajar Ibnu
Published: January 2021

Pendidikan di sekolah bagi anak cerdas berbakat perlu dilakukan inklusi dan ramah anak. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah memberi penguatan kepadaguru-gurumelaksanakan pembelajaran akademik secara terpadu pengembangan diri di SD Negeri Percobaan Sei Petani Medan. Pemilihan lokasi mitra didasarkan pada kebutuhan guru di kelas akselerasi untuk mengentaskan masalah perkembangan dan perilaku siswa secara terpadu dengan pembelajaran akademik. Terutama pengendalian perilaku agressifitas, emosional, sosial dan pengaturan diri.Penguatan kemampuan guru dilakukanmelalui pendekatan supervisi pendampingan. Metodenya adalah workshopdengan teknik creative art. Kemampuan guru yang diperkuat adalah memetakan masalah, membuat dan melaksanakan rancangan pembelajaran akademik terpadu pengentasan masalah, konseling dan play therapy. Hasil pendampingan menunjukkan bahwa guru yang mengajar di kelas akselerasi dapat memetakan masalah siswa, merencanakan dan melaksanakan pembelajaran akademik secara terpadu dengan teknik kreatif, melakukan konseling dan play therapy sederhana. Siswa yang mengalami masalah dalam pengendalian diri, agressivitas, masalah emosi dan masalah sosial menjadi berkurang. Berdasarkan hasil ini dikemukakan bahwa penguatan kemampuan guru dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran akademik terpadu pengembangan diri efektif dalam mengentaskan masalah perilaku siswa di SD Percobaan jalan Sei Petani Medan.Kata Kunci: Inklusi, Cerdas Berbakat, Creative Art
Смысловые олигодезоксинуклеотиды к субъединице GluN1 N-метил-D-аспартатного рецептора усиливают долговременную посттетаническую потенциацию в срезах мозга
Authors: Мокрушин Анатолий Александрович
Published: January 2021

GluN1 субъединица является основным структурным компонентом N-метил-D-аспартатного (NMDA) рецептора. Для того чтобы выяснить её участие в долговременной посттетанической потенциации (ДПП), срезы обонятельной коры мозга крыс инкубировали в среде со смысловыми (5’-ctacaacgtacaagtagt-3’) и антисмысловыми (5’-cagcaggtgcatggtgct-3’) олигодезоксинуклеотидами (ОДН) в концентрации 10–8 М в течение 6 ч. В срезах регистрировали изменения амплитуд NMDA-потенциалов на электрическую тетанизацию латерального обонятельного тракта (частота 100 Гц с интервалом 200 мс, 10 эпизодов). Смысловые ОДН усиливали ДПП (смысловые ОДН — (210 ± 15) %, по сравнению с контрольной ДПП — (158 ± 9) %, U = 22, n = 11, p ≤ 0,05). Антисмысловые ОДН вызывали развитие устойчивой долговременной посттетанической депрессии (антисмысловые ОДН — (52 ± 7) %, в сравнении с контрольной ДПП — (154 ± 9) %, U = 22, n = 11, p ≤ 0,05). Стимулирующий эффект смысловых ОДН (10–8 М) был более выражен, чем эффект пирацетама (10–5 M): смысловые ОДН — (212,7 ± 18) %, в сравнении с пирацетамом — (148,9 ± 13) %, U = 22, n = 8 (p ≤ 0,05). Полученные данные доказывают существенное и активное участие субъединицы GluN1 NMDA рецепторов в усилении развития ДПП в срезах обонятельной коры и свидетельствуют о стимулирующем эффекте смысловых ОДН.
İnsan Hakları Açısından Devlet Tarafından İşlenen Kişisel Verilerin Açıklanması
Authors: OCAK Ayşenur
Published: January 2021

Kişisel verilerin korunması hakkı, bireyin kişisel verileri üzerinde karar verme özgürlüğünü korumaktadır. Bu koruma, işleme kapsamına giren verinin kaydedilmesi ile silinmesi arasında geçen birçok faaliyeti kapsamaktadır. Bunlardan biri de, kişisel verilerin üçüncü kişilere aktarılmasıdır. Kişisel verilerin korunması hakkı, bu verilerin ilgisiz üçüncü kişiler tarafından öğrenilmesine ve kullanılmasına karşı bir güvence teşkil etmektedir. Bu kapsamda devlet tarafından işlenen kişisel verilerin de bu güvenceleri taşıması gerekmekte, kamu yararı gereği işlenen çok sayıda verinin üçüncü kişiler tarafından öğrenilip kullanılmasına karşı yeterli güvencelerin sağlanması

gerekmektedir. Dolayısıyla devlet kayıt altında tutulan kişisel verileri yetkisiz üçüncü kişilerle paylaşmama şeklinde negatif ve veri güvenliğinin sağlanması konusunda yeterli yasal çerçevenin oluşturulması ile idari ve adli makamların bu çerçeveye uygun davranmasını sağlamak şeklinde pozitif yükümlülük altındadır.
Implementation of the blended learning model in the study of mathematical disciplines
Authors:   Sumy State University, Bilous Olena Anatolievna
Published: January 2021

The introduction of various information technologies into the learning process remains relevant. Higher schools are developing new forms and methods of teaching, focused on the use of computer Internet technologies. In the context of informatization of the education sector, the introduction of blended learning, as one of the varieties of e-learning, is best suited to the task of forming the cultural and professional competences of the future engineer. Blended learning technology has significant didactic capabilities and is characterized by a variety of forms, methods and learning tools provided, their interactivity, different ways of interaction between the subjects of the educational process and most fully meets the specifics of the university. The features of the use of distance learning technologies for students of the day department of engineering and technical specialties are considered in the article, the use of the basic elements of the e-course is described. Elements of electronic courses introduced in the educational process are presented, one form of blended learning is described. Within the course of higher mathematics, which is taught at Sumy State University, an information and practical block was formed. The information block is presented by electronic lecture notes with a built-in dictionary, video lectures and presentations. Information from the theoretical unit of the discipline is available to the student at any time when accessing through the student's personal office. Practical block of study of mathematical discipline includes tasks for individual work, simulators, tests. The article describes the peculiarities of implementation of these elements in the educational process. It is noted that the mixed approach to learning gives more interactivity and stimulates active learning, motivates students to educational and cognitive activity, allows to develop skills of independent learning, promotes the development of creative thinking and search for non-standard solutions. The introduction of electronic control elements of training (tests, tasks for joint performance, etc.) allows the teacher to get rid of the routine work of checking the intermediate learning result. Electronic systems allow you to do this quickly, efficiently, impartially. Conclusions have been made regarding the effectiveness of introducing blended learning into the learning process.
Abdominal Endikasyonlar ile Elde Edilen BT Taramalarında COVID-19'a Ait Rastlantısal Respiratuar Bulgular
Authors: TOSUN Mesude , USLU Hande , DOĞAN Sevtap
Published: January 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada amacımız abdominal semptomları olan hastalarda abdominal Bilgisayarlı Tomografi (BT)’de koronavirüs hastalığı (COVID-19) ile ilgili bulguları bildirmektir. Yöntem: Bu retrospektif çalışmaya Mart-Haziran 2020'den itibaren batın BT çekilen 40 erişkin hasta (22-88 yaş) dahil edildi. Klinik bulgular, laboratuvar verileri ve görüntüleme bulguları analiz edildi. Tüm hastalar Revers-Transkriptaz Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu (RT-PCR) ile doğrulandı. Bulgular: Bu çalışma, karın ağrısı, mide bulantısı, ishal ve anoreksiyası olan, ancak COVID-19 ile uyumlu solunum semptomları olmayan hastaları içermekte idi. Karın ağrısı, klinik COVID-19 şüphesi olmayan bu hastalarda (n = 31) en sık BT endikasyonuydu ve 32 hastada ekstrapulmoner bulgu yoktu. Sonuç: Abdominal semptomlar ile başvuran hastalarda batın BT incelemelerini değerlendirirken akciğer bazallerine dikkat edilmesi klinik olarak şüphelenilmeyen olgularda COVID-19 tanısını sağlayarak gerek erken tanı ve tedavide gerekse hastalığın yayılımını önlemede yarar sağlayabilir
Low Tidal Volume Ventilation in Open Heart Surgery: Which Tidal Volume is Better 8 ml/kg or 6 ml/kg?
Authors: ÇARDAKÖZÜ Tülay , AKSU Can , ARIKAN Ali Ahmet
Published: January 2021

Objective: To compare the outcomes of 6m/kg vs. 8 ml/kg tidal volume in the lung protective ventilation - low tidal volume strategy in coronary artery bypass grafting operation.
Methods: Thirty-two patients enrolled in a randomized, single-center, prospective study were divided into two groups. The outcomes of 6m/kg vs. 8 ml/kg were compared. Arterial blood pressures, heart rate, central venous pressure, expired tidal volume, respiratory frequency, the alveolar minute ventilation, the inspiratory time, static compliance, peak airway pressure, plateau pressure, driving pressure, arterial blood gas data and PaCO2-EtCO2 difference were recorded at T1 (15 min. prior to CPB), T2 (15 min. following the termination of cardio pulmonary bypass), and T3 times (at the end of the surgery). PaO2/FiO2 ratio was recorded at T1, T2 and T3 and 6th (T4) and 12th hours (T5) after extubation.
Results: In Group 6ml/kg, extubation time and length of stay in the intensive care unit were significantly longer (p<0.001, p=0.001, respectively). Discharge times were similar in both groups. In group 6ml/kg, PaCO2 was high at all times (T1, T2, T3; p=0.002, p=0.004, p=0.001, respectively), Hemodynamic changes had a similar course in both groups, in Group 6ml/kg. The PaO2/FiO2 ratio was significantly higher in Group 8ml/kg at T2 (p=0.009) and similar at other times.
Conclusion: Mechanical ventilation with a low tidal volume strategy with 8 ml/kg has more favorable outcomes by considering the shorter extubation time and length of stay in the intensive care unit comparing with 6 ml/kg.
Prevalence of Fibromyalgia Syndrome and its Effect on Quality of Life in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: CEYHAN DOĞAN Sevil , DİNLER Mustafa , KAYATAŞ Mansur
Published: January 2021

Objective: We evaluated the prevalence of fibromyalgia syndrome (FM) in hemodialysis patients and whether this syndrome was associated with gender, age, duration of hemodialysis, or other laboratory parameters.
Methods: The study included 248 patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis. The patients were stratified into two groups: patients with FM based on the 2010 American College of Rheumatology diagnostic criteria and patients not meeting these criteria without FM. Quality of life (QOL) was assessed using the Short Form-36 (SF-36) and Kidney Disease Quality of Life-36 (KDQOL-36) questionnaires. Sociodemographic data, laboratory parameters and a marker for adequacy of hemodialysis (Kt/V) were recorded.
Results: FM was detected in 33/248 (13.3%) of patients included. All patients diagnosed as FM were female. When all sub-parameters of SF-36 and KDQOL-36 were compared, QOL was lower in the FM group compared to patients without FM (p<0.05). When laboratory parameters, dialysis duration, Kt/V, marital status and BMI were compared, no difference was detected between groups (p>0.05). FM frequency was higher in cases of advanced age, presence of systemic disease and/or hepatitis B and C infection in patients undergoing hemodialysis (p<0.05). In addition, FM frequency was inversely proportional to education level (p<0.05).
Conclusion: FM, associated with a significant decrease in QOL, is more commonly seen in CKD patients undergoing dialysis compared to the general population. Thus, it will be helpful to keep FM in mind and to improve QOL in these patients by early diagnosis and treatment.
Ibu Sebagai Madrasah Bagi Anaknya: Pemikiran Pendidikan R.A. Kartini
Authors: Abdul Moh Rivaldi
Published: January 2021

Prodi Interdisciplinary Islamic Studies, Konsentrasi Islam Nusantara, Pascasarjana, UIN Sunan Kalijaga YogyakartaDesa Pinolosian, Kec. Pinolosian, Kab. Bol-Sel, Prov. Sulawesi Utarae-mail : Rivaldiabdul2@gmail.com Abstrak: Artikel ini menganalisis pemikiran pendidikan R.A. Kartini. Fokus kajian adalah seputar konsep pendidikan Kartini dan pandangan Kartini seputar peran ibu sebagai madrasah bagi anak-anaknya. Sehingga, rumusan masalah dalam artikel ini adalah 1) Bagaimanakah peran ibu sebagai madrasah bagi anaknya? 2) Bagaimanakah konsep pendidikan Kartini? 3) Bagaimanakah pandangan Kartini terhadap peran ibu sebagai madrasah bagi anaknya? Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam menyusun artikel ini adalah library research, dengan teknik analisis data menggunakan content analysis. Artikel ini menggunakan surat-surat Kartini dalam buku Habis Gelap Terbitlah Terang sebagai sumber data primer. Peran ibu sangat penting dalam pendidikan informal. Konsep pendidikan Kartini mengacu pada konsep pendidikan budi pekerti atau pendidikan akhlak, yang adalah pendidikan tidak hanya mencerdaskan otak saja, namun juga harus membentuk akhlak baik pada diri peserta didik. Dalam upaya pembentukan akhlak, Kartini memandang kalau peran ibu sangatlah penting sebagai madrasah bagi anaknya. Abstract: Mother as a Madrasah for Her Son: R.A. Kartini's Educational Thinking. This article analyzes R.A. Kartini's educational thinking. The study's focus is around the concept of Kartini's education and Kartini's view around the role of motherhood as a madrassa for her children. Thus, the formulation of the problem in this article is 1) How is the mother's role as a madrassa for her child? 2) What is the concept of Kartini education? 3) What is Kartini's view of motherhood as a madrassa for her child? The research method used in compiling this article is library research, with data analysis techniques using content analysis. This article uses Kartini letters in the book Habis Gelap Terbitlah Terang as the primary data source. Motherhood is essential in informal education. Kartini education refers to the concept of ethics education or moral education, which is education not only the intelligent brain but also good morality in students. To establish morality, Kartini considered that motherhood is essential as a madrasah for her children. Kata Kunci: Pendidikan Keluarga, Peran Ibu, Pendidikan Akhlak.
THE FEATURES OF FUTURE DOCTORS’ EMOTIONAL COMPETENCY FORMATION DURING PROFESSIONAL TRAINING
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University, Lazurenko Elena , Smila Natalia ,   H.S. Kostyuk Institute of Psychology of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine
Published: January 2021

The article examines professional competence development and presents the study on psychological-pedagogical potential for future specialists’ professional competence development during modern medical professional training. The psychological-pedagogical bases for development of future doctors’ professional competence in the field of emotions in the modern medical universities are presented. The key competencies of doctors, contributing to professional identity development, professionalism formation are disclosed. The development of students’ emotional characteristics is one of the factors forming their emotional competence. The stages of emotional competence formation during professional training are analyzed. Main components of professional competency in the field of emotions are selected. The structural components of emotional competence are described. The essence and the concept of emotional competence are revealed. A general strategy, structure, the basic principles, methodological approaches and content for emotional competence development are presented. In order to form emotional competence as a doctor’s professionally significant quality, psychological and pedagogical disciplines should be changed to help future doctors to organize their activities so that they would take into account the role of emotions in treatment. In order to determine effective teaching methods, and, thus, to form the discussed skills, students’ individual differences, including those in the field of emotions, should be taken into account. The psychological features of future doctors’ emotional competence formation are: taking into account students’ age characteristics, their cognitive mental processes, general communicative skills (the ability to be attentive and observant, to understand patients’ mental states, to establish verbal, nonverbal contacts, to present themselves, etc.). We have concluded that medical students’ emotional competence can be formed by introducing of special courses, trainings and educational programs into the educational process. The findings have allowed us to presents recommendations for further research.
THE STRUCTURE OF ETHNIC SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS IN MODERN PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University in Lviv, Maksimych Alexandra
Published: January 2021

The article examines ethnic identity on two levels. Ethnic self-awareness at the level of an ethnos acts as a system unifying common ideas shared by the majority of ethnos members about their ethnic group, the main features of their culture and their ethnic psyche. This is a system of views, ideas and perceptions of an ethnic group that appears because of interactions with other groups and reflects the group’s knowledge of them, attitude towards them. A group’s ethnic identity is reflected in its language, in the system of its customs and traditions, in myths and national styles. Ethnic self-awareness at the level of an individual acts as an integral system of ideas about oneself, is closely connected with the individual’s image on their own ethnic group. It provides a group member with a sense of belonging to the corresponding ethnic community, which is necessary for an individual’s psychological health and social comfort, a full-fledged life. Such self-awareness is formed throughout the entire period of human development, from childhood to maturity. The authors prove the thesis that the structure of ethnic self-awareness is crystallized due to emotional connections formed during socialization. Ethnic self-awareness is a coded emotional-cognitive component that has both objective and subjective forms of expression. The formation of a person as a representative of a certain ethnic group take place through the interiorization of those cultural and social values ​​and relations that form the basis of their ethnic group’s social life. The emotional component of ethnic self-awareness includes a sense of national dignity. Ethnic identity is an essential component in the structure of an ethnos, along with such components as a common origin, culture, language. This is not only an awareness of one’s identity with their ethnic community, but also includes assessment of one’s own ethnic group, feeling of significance to be its members, common ethnic feelings, which are the most important criteria for interethnic comparison. So, the structure of ethnic identity is multifaceted, all structural elements are closely interconnected and interact with each other at different levels and at different stages of ethnos development, acquiring a leading value.
Observaciones de la guía de práctica clínica 2019 de muerte encefálica en México
Authors: Castillo-de la Cruz Manuel , Barrientos-Núñez M.E
Published: January 2021

El Centro Nacional de Excelencia Tecnológica (CENETEC) nos entrega dentro del catálogo maestro de Guías de Práctica Clínica GPC-SS-488-19, la nueva Guía de Práctica Clínica (GPC) que ahora se titula: Diagnóstico de muerte encefálica y manejo del potencial donante de órganos. Con todas las evidencias y recomendaciones actuales que fueron revisadas por expertos en la materia, quedando desactualizada la guía que lleva el título de Diagnóstico de Muerte encefálica, evidencias y recomendaciones SSA-488-11.
La guía está dirigida para médicos de segundo y tercer nivel de atención y establece que el diagnóstico de muerte encefálica (ME) puede ser realizado por cualquier médico; sin embargo, esto puede no ser tan fácil, aun para los expertos mencionados en la guía.
Consideramos desafortunado el haber dejado fuera de la nueva GPC la certificación de ME a la población pediátrica y solo se haya enfocado a la población adulta; esto no lo hace práctico para el propósito de la donación y los trasplantes de órganos en este grupo etario. Por lo que la GPC de Muerte encefálica de 2011 seguirá vigente en este aspecto(1).
Haber unificado el tema de ME con las recomendaciones del manejo del potencial donante favorecerá que los profesionales de la salud no caigan en el nihilismo clínico del “no hacer más por el paciente con probable muerte encefálica” ya que de no mantener una adecuada temperatura, soporte hemodinámico y oxigenación aceptables en el cadáver donante, trae fatales consecuencias en la viabilidad de los órganos donados para trasplantes.
Therapeutic potential of Thymus vulgaris: A Review
Authors: Rizwan Bahisht
Published: January 2021

Thymus vulgaris belongs to the family of Lamiaceae, which are flowering plants with aroma. Plant of Thyme grows in the Mediterranean region. Due to essential oils extracted from the leaves of the thyme, which gives aromatic and therapeutic properties. Besides many other health benefits, thyme possesses many medicinal properties. Essential oils of thyme are also crucial in pharmaceutical, cosmeceuticals, and nutraceuticals sectors. Significant oil components contain carvacrol, p-cymene, thymol, and γ-terpinene of thyme's most important ones. Thymol is a naturally-occurring constituent of thyme. It is a 10-64% major part of the thyme oil. It is a monoterpene derivative of cymene and isomer of carvacrol. These constituents have potent anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, and antioxidant activities. These are also beneficial in treating cancers, reduces inflammation, antimicrobial, antispasmodic, immunomodulator, and growth enhancers. It also helps to improve mouth infection. The essential oil of Thymus is safe and used as a natural preservative. Essential oils present in thyme are extracted through many different extraction techniques. Hydro-distillation, steam distillation, hydro diffusion or solvent extraction, and microwave‐assisted extraction are the most common extraction techniques. Plants aroma isolates are used in many food and fragrance companies. The most widely used means of producing this aroma is constituting organic solvent.
Implicit social cognition: A brief (and gentle) introduction
Authors: Kurdi Benedek , Banaji Mahzarin R.
Published: January 2021

Over the past three decades, implicit social cognition research has flourished and has produced myriad novel insights into the automatic operation of social attitudes (evaluations) and stereotypes (beliefs). In this chapter, we provide an overview of what we regard to be significant and settled issues as well as the most pressing open questions that remain. Following a brief historical overview, we address (a) basic findings, such as mean levels of and demographic variation in implicit bias; (b) the relationship of implicit attitudes and stereotypes with other measures, including explicit attitudes and stereotypes and other forms of intergroup behavior; (c) the neural underpinnings of implicit bias; (d) questions of stability and change at different levels of analysis, including developmental stability, situational malleability, the prospect of long-term change within a single individual, and societal-level change; and (e) ongoing work and stimulating new developments, including aggregate-level analyses, the role of language, and questions about the representational format of implicit attitudes and stereotypes.
Unity or diversity of executive functioning in children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress symptoms? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nyvold Otelie , Nygaard Egil , Augusti Else-Marie , Tamnes Christian K.
Published: January 2021

For some children the psychological reactions to a traumatic event develop into severe or persistent posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) or the clinical condition of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cognitive problems in children with PTSS have been reported, but it is not clear which specific functions are affected. Executive functions is a domain of particular interest, given its importance for academic performance and social and emotional functioning. A systematic literature search was performed and 12 studies with 55 comparisons of executive functions in children with PTSS and healthy controls were eligible for meta-analysis. A subset of the studies also included a comparison group of children with traumatic experienced but without PTSS. Overall, across all tasks and measures, children with PTSS showed lower executive functioning than healthy controls (SMD = -0.57). The effect sizes between the subdomains complex tasks, verbal fluency, inhibition, shifting and working memory were not significantly different from each other, but was largest for verbal fluency (SMD = -1.45). Analyses comparing children with traumatic experiences with and without PTSS similarly showed overall lower executive functioning in the PTSS group (SMD = -0.34) and no significant differences in effect sizes between subdomains. The results have implications for assessment and clinical work with youth exposed to traumatic events. We should be aware of the poor executive functioning that may be an issue for some children with a history of trauma and subsequent development of PTSS, and the impact this could have on everyday functioning.
Polygenic scores differently predict developmental trajectories of subtypes of social withdrawal in middle childhood
Authors: Morneau-Vaillancourt Geneviève , Andlauer Till F. M. , Ouellet-Morin Isabelle , Paquin Stéphane , Brendgen Mara , Vitaro Frank , Gouin Jean-Philippe , Séguin Jean , Gagnon Éloi , Cheesman Rosa , Tremblay Richard E. , Côté Sylvana , Dionne Ginette , Boivin Michel
Published: January 2021

Background. Children who consistently withdraw from social situations face increased risk for later socioemotional difficulties. Twin studies indicate that genetic factors account for a substantial share in the persistence of social withdrawal over time. However, the molecular genetic etiology of chronic courses of social wariness and preference for solitude, two dimensions of social withdrawal, remain unexplored. The objectives were 1) to identify high-risk trajectories for social wariness and preference for solitude in the childhood years, and 2) to examine whether the assignment to these high-risk trajectories can be predicted by polygenic scores for mostly adult mental health traits and disorders and by a general polygenic predisposition to these traits. Methods. Teachers evaluated 1133 genotyped children at five occasions (age 6 to 12 years) from two prospective longitudinal studies, the Quebec Newborn Twin Study and the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development. Developmental trajectories for social wariness and preference for solitude were identified. We tested whether polygenic scores for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, depression, loneliness and subjective well-being, as well as a general mental health genetic risk score derived across these traits were associated with the developmental trajectories. Results. Polygenic scores differently predicted social wariness and preference for solitude. Only the loneliness polygenic score significantly predicted the elevated trajectory for social wariness. By contrast, the general mental health genetic risk score factor was associated with the trajectory depicting high and chronic preference for solitude. Conclusion. Distinct associations were uncovered between the polygenic scores, social wariness, and preference for solitude. These results point to multiple genetic processes underlying the development of social withdrawal, as well as the potential value of preference for solitude as an endophenotype for the later onset and persistence of mental health difficulties in adulthood.
School Integration Limits the Ability of Local Norms to Diversify Gifted Programs: A Mathematical Analysis with Implications Related to the Achievement Gap
Authors: Warne Russell T. , Larsen Ross
Published: January 2021

Experts within gifted education have advocated for the use of local norms when selecting students for gifted programs, instead of national-level norms. Local norms compare students to their immediate peers to identify gifted students and are believed to produce a more diverse gifted program. However, district integration limits the ability of local norms to diversify gifted programs, a fact which has been almost completely overlooked in gifted education scholarship. Through a simplified example, I show that local building-level norms are best at diversifying gifted programs when schools are highly segregated. Conversely, when achievement gaps are present and a uniform admissions cutoff is applied, building-level norms in highly integrated schools produce highly segregated gifted programs. In short, the use of building-level local norms trades one form of segregation for another. Implications and recommendations for gifted education and beyond are explored. A preprint version of this article is available at https://psyarxiv.com/nemch.
Editorial Vol.10
Authors: Dhamala Bhupa
Published: January 2021

No abstract available.
PENINGKATAN KINERJA GURU DALAM PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK MELALUI SUPERVISI AKADEMIK
Authors: Priyanto Edi
Published: January 2021

This study aims to improve teacher performance in implementing thematic learning through academic supervision at SD Negeri Batuagung 02, Balapulang District, Tegal Regency. The research approach used was School Action Research (SAR). The research subjects were 4 teachers in class IA, IB, IVA, and IVB. Data collection techniques with observation and interview sheets. The data analysis technique used comparative descriptive analysis. The results of school action research can be concluded that academic supervision can improve teacher performance in implementing learning at SD Negeri Batuagung 02, Balapulang District, Tegal Regency. The resulting impact of increasing teacher performance concerns aspects of the implementation of learning. From the learning aspect, after being given action by the principal through qualitative academic supervision, the implementation of learning increased from the initial conditions to the first cycle of 0.60 and from the first cycle to the second cycle of 0.69. The learning outcomes of class IA students in cycle I increased by 4.53 compared to the initial condition, in cycle II increased by 5.38 compared to cycle I. The learning outcomes of class IB students in cycle I increased by 4.13 compared to the initial condition, in cycle II increased by 4.68 Compared to cycle I. The learning outcomes of class IV A students in the first cycle increased 1.94 compared to the initial conditions, in the second cycle increased 5.92. The learning outcomes of class IV B students in cycle I increased by 4.53 compared to the initial conditions, in cycle II increased by 5.38 compared to cycle I.
GURU BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING DI SEKOLAH DASAR SANGAT DIBUTUHKAN
Authors: Sukadari Sukadari
Published: January 2021

The problem our pupils must face grow in complexity along with the development of age, especially at elementary level. At present many elementary grades require the availability of guidance and counseling. Elementary schools acting as classroom teacher while also providing guidance and counseling in practice is not viable. As such dedicated guidance counselor is needed to provide professional service. With the presence of guidance counselor, the quality of education can be developed further with the availability of optimum service for students tailored according to their needs and situation. Here the government is expected to hire guidance and counselor at elementary schools by following pattern at junior and senior high schools in which the counselor: student ratio is 1:150.
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS KARANGAN DESKRIPSI MELALUI STRATEGI KREAKTIF PRODUKTIF DENGAN MEDIA GAMBAR PADA SISWA KELAS V SD 4 PIJI
Authors: Rupi’ah Rupi’ah
Published: January 2021

The general objective of this study is to improve the writing skills of descriptive essay for students of grade V SD 4 Piji students. The specific purpose of this study is to increase the activeness of students in learning to write descriptive essays by using productive creative learning strategies with pictures media for students of grade V SD 4 Piji, increasing the learning outcomes of writing descriptive essays through the use of productive creative learning strategies with pictures media for students of grade V SD 4 Piji. This class action research was carried out for two cycles. The research subjects are teachers and students of grade V. The results showed that student activities increased, namely 83% in the first cycle with a very good category and 86% in the second cycle with a very good category. In addition, students' skills in descriptive writing was increased, namely 86% with a very good category in the first cycle and 92% in the second cycle with a very good category. The conclusion of this research is by applying Productive Creative Strategy with Pictures Media can improve student learning activities, and descriptive writing skills of students in grade V SD 4 Piji. Researcher's suggestion is that teachers should apply the latest / innovative approaches, methods, models and learning strategies in accordance with the learning materials, one of which uses Productive Creative Strategies with Pictures media.
Uso de un osciloscopio para medir la longitud de onda de un diodo láser por difracción de la luz
Authors: Alvarado Reyes J. M. , Santos Aguilar A. , Reimer López C. M. S.
Published: January 2021

El estudio de la refracción de la luz es un fenómeno estudiado en los laboratorios de óptica de la carrera de física e ingeniería y profesiones afines. El estudio, la instrumentación y la técnica han variado muy poco desde hace décadas, por consiguiente, el error de medición sigue siendo los mismos. Entre las variables que se miden directamente durante el desarrollo y estudio de dicho fenómeno se encuentran: La distancia entre la rejilla de difracción y la pantalla donde se proyecta el fenómeno de difracción (D), una segunda medida es la longitud entre un máximo de intensidad de luz hasta donde comienza a incrementar la intensidad del segundo punto luminoso consecutivo (y), y una tercera variable es la medición indirecta del ancho de la rejilla de difracción (a). De los parámetros mencionados es la distancia y la que ocasiona mayor incertidumbre en el resultado dado que esta variable es dependiente del observador o experimentador. En este trabajo se presenta una propuesta innovadora en donde este valor es posible evaluarlo directamente de una gráfica cuyos datos son adquiridos empleando un osciloscopio; los resultados obtenidos mediante el procedimiento descrito en el presente trabajo proporcionan además de resultados con menor incertidumbre, muestran el comportamiento de intensidades de la luz difractada.
Estabilidad y control de sistemas mecánicos de base móvil
Authors: Bravo M. D. A. , Rengifo R. C. F.
Published: January 2021

En este trabajo se estudia la estabilidad de un péndulo invertido de dos grados de libertad y de base móvil,el cual se modeló mediante la formulación Euler-Lagrange. Este modelo permitió diseñar e implementaruna estrategia de control para el seguimiento de trayectorias articulares de referencia. Los sistemas mecánicos de bases fijas y móviles permiten ilustrar un concepto fundamental en las ciencias físicas, que es la diferencia entre limitaciones tecnológicas y limitaciones fundamentales.
Developing High-Order Thinking in Primary School Students through Qur’anic Stories and the Hikmah Pedagogy of Philosophical Inquiry
Authors: Hashim Rosnani , Alias Hendon
Published: January 2021

The Hikmah pedagogy (HP) is an offshoot of the Philosophy for Children Programme (P4C), a method used in teaching critical, creative and benevolent thinking based on philosophical inquiry. Slightly different from the original P4C invented by Lipman, HP emphasizes the Islamic perspectives of metaphysics, epistemology and values. Interest in this pedagogy has led Muslim scholars to develop Islamic-based stories to be used with it in the classroom. But to date, no studies involving HP have employed stories drawn from the Qur’an, the holy scripture for Muslims, for the purposes of teaching Islamic Education and improving the thinking of students within this subject.  Hence, this study is an effort to fill this gap in knowledge and research on HP. The participants were 12 primary school children around the age of 10. Using the qualitative case study method with focus group discussion and participant observation in a natural setting as the main data acquisition strategies, the study explored the experiences of these primary schoolers as they discovered Qur’anic stories through HP. Over a period of eight weeks, they learned to ask high-order questions about the stories and engage in debates about the issues and core messages contained within them in a community of inquiry (COI). The objectives were to explore if the pedagogy could enhance their cognitive behaviours (i.e., HOTS) and to find out their views about the method. The findings pointed to the success of HP in improving the students’ HOTS, especially in the skills of inquiring and reasoning, their general mannerisms and interest in the Islamic Education subject. The students also felt that they had a voice in the learning process, and that their opinions were heard and accepted. Overall, the students enjoyed the method and welcomed it as a positive change in their learning of Islamic Education.
Promoting a Community of Inquiry in a Civics and Citizenship Education Class through the Pedagogy of Philosophical Inquiry
Authors: Hussien Suhailah , Mohd Mokhtar Nazatul Akmar , Hashim Rosnani
Published: January 2021

In realising the development of ethics and values among Malaysian school-going students, depicted in Shift 3 Aspirations of the Malaysian Educational Blueprint 2013-3025, the study examined how the pedagogy of philosophical inquiry helped in the development of a community of inquiry (CI) in the Civics and Citizenship Education classroom. The study employed a qualitative action research design, where the researcher used the observational method, which is based on the Lipman’s CI checklist, to identify seven elements of CI in the classroom; namely, participation, quest for meaning, shared cognition, challenging as a procedure, deliberation, impartiality and thinking for oneself. Findings of the study showed that the philosophical inquiry pedagogy and the community of inquiry assisted in the effective teaching of CCE as students discovered a more meaningful learning experience, became more empowered in their thinking and views, and more sensitive to the current issues, paving the way to become good citizens of the nation.
مستوى ممارسة مديري مدارس التعليم الأساسي القيادةَ التحويلي ة بمحافظة مسندم في سلطنة عما ن
Authors: Alshehhi Nabila Abdullah Ali , Badrasawi Kamal J I
Published: January 2021

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على مستوى القيادة التحويلية لمديري مدارس التعليم الأساسي بمحافظة مسندم في سلطنة عمان من وجهة نظر المعلمين والمعلمات. تكوَّن مجتمع الدراسة من جميع المعلمين والمعلمات في مدارس التعليم الأساسي للصفوف (5-12) في المحافظة، والبالغ عددهم (256) معلمًا ومعلمةً. اختيرت منهم عينة عشوائية طبقية تكونت من (154) معلماً ومعلمة. تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي المسحي وجمع البيانات من خلال استبانة مكونة من 47 فقرة ، وتحليلها باستخدام الإحصاء الوصفي والإحصاء الاستدلالي. أظهرت نتائج التحليل بأن مستوى القيادة التحويلية لدى مديري مدارس التعليم الأساسي للصفوف (5-12) مرتفع بشكل عام ؛ وكذل عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في متوسطات إجابات أفراد عينة الدراسة على القيادة التحويلية لدى مديري مدارس التعليم الأســـــــــــاسي للصفوف (5-12) بمحافظة مسندم تُعزى لمتغيرات النوع الاجتماعي، المؤهل العلمي، سنوات الخبرة عند مستوى دلالة (0.05 a≤). أكَّدت الدراسة  على أهمية استمرار جهود وزارة التربية والتعليم بسلطنة عمان في تدريب مدراء المدارس على القيادة التحويلية؛ والاستفادة منهم في تطوير زملائهم الأقل خبرة في ممارسة القيادة التحويلية. وأوصت الدراسة بإعداد أبحاث من النوع الكيفي للحصول على بيانات أكثر عمقا.