bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic and Familial Influences on Self-Perception in Early Childhood and Self-Esteem in Adulthood: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Marshall Riley L. , DiLalla Lisabeth Fisher , Harbke Colin R. , Pali Emily C.
Published: October 2023

Self-perception in early childhood and self-esteem in adulthood are related to a variety of aspects of psychological wellbeing. The goal of the present study was to examine genetic and familial influences on self-perception and self-esteem in separate samples of children (153 twin pairs of 5-year-olds) and adults (753 twin pairs between the ages of 25–75 years). Genetic common factor modeling showed that three facets of self-perception (physical competence, peer acceptance, and maternal acceptance) loaded onto a single heritable factor in children. Multilevel modeling showed no effects of self or co-twin sex on self-perception, but authoritative parenting style was negatively related to self-perception in boys. Similarly, in Study 2, with the adult sample, five self-esteem items loaded on a single heritable factor with no effects of co-twin sex on adult self-esteem. Remembered maternal affection, paternal affection, and maternal discipline were positively related to self-esteem in adults; maternal affection was especially significant for women. The reversal in direction of parenting effects between early childhood and adulthood suggests that parents may play different roles in shaping how children and adults think of themselves. These results suggest that self-perception in childhood and self-esteem in adulthood are both influenced by genetic and environmental factors and that parenting is an important environmental factor for both children and adults.
How Accurately Do Children Indicate Their Smartphone Social Media Use?
Authors: Irmer Andrea , Schmiedek Florian
Published: October 2023

Abstract: Empirical research revealed that subjective time estimates of social media use show rather low accuracy as compared to objective log measures of use. The present work examined a different subjective measure, that is, intensity of use indicated on a 5-point scale and tested its congruence with an objective measure. A daily diary study with 200 children (103 female; Mage = 11.71, SDage = 1.02) was conducted, with children reporting their daily subjective and objective smartphone use of Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube. On the between-person and within-person level, subjective and objective use of the three social media platforms were positively associated with each other, with explained variance (based on pseudo- R2) ranging from 77% to 95% on between-person levels and from 36% to 58% on within-person levels. Furthermore, we identified person-level variables and daily characteristics of social media use that were linked to higher or lower congruence of subjective and objective measures.
Physical Activity and Social Participation in Older Adults in a Cross-Over Intervention Trial
Authors: Rinn Robin , Keller Franziska Maria , Peters Manuela , Pischke Claudia R. , Voelcker-Rehage Claudia , Lippke Sonia
Published: October 2023

Abstract: Objective: Using the biopsychosocial model, this study evaluated an intervention targeting physical activity and the extent of social participation among older adults. A longitudinal intervention study with participants randomized to print-based or IT-based interventions was conducted ( N = 251, Mage = 68.42, SD = 5.35). Effects were assessed with mixed model analyses and serial mediation analyses. Results: Time had a significant effect [ F(2,358) = 11.7, p < .001], with an increase in social participation. Poor self-reported physical performance was related to a poorer social participation over time, but being physically active buffered this negative effect (total indirect effect: B = −0.02). Furthermore, highly engaged individuals with poor self-reported physical performance were likely to fall back into a previous stage of change regarding physical activity ( B three-way interaction = 0.28, SE = 0.12, p = .017). Discussion: Individual preconditions should be considered when developing physical activity interventions to improve social participation.
Spatial Organisation Affects the Pathway to Precipitation in Simulated Trade‐Wind Convection
Authors: Radtke Jule , Vogel Raphaela , Ament Felix , Naumann Ann Kristin
Published: October 2023

We investigate whether and how spatial organization affects the pathway to precipitation in large‐domain hectometer simulations of the North Atlantic trades. We decompose the development of surface precipitation (P) in warm shallow trade cumulus into a formation phase, where cloud condensate is converted into rain, and a sedimentation phase, where rain falls toward the ground while some of it evaporates. With strengthened organization, rain forms in weaker updrafts from smaller cloud droplets so that cloud condensate is less efficiently converted into rain. At the same time, organization creates a locally moister environment and modulates the microphysical conversion processes that determine the raindrops' size. This reduces evaporation and more of the formed rain reaches the ground. Organization thus affects how the two phases contribute to P, but only weakly affects the total precipitation efficiency. We conclude that the pathway to precipitation differs with organization and suggest that organization buffers rain development.
Unveiling Geomagnetic Reversals: Insights From Tipping Points Theory
Authors: Alberti T. , Florindo F. , De Michelis P. , Consolini G.
Published: October 2023

The geomagnetic field shows aperiodic reversals and excursions separated by stable polarity periods. Although the exact mechanisms responsible of reversals are still debated, several models of different complexity have been proposed. Here we use, for the first time, a different and novel approach based on the theory of tipping points to detect and characterize geomagnetic reversals occurred during the period 25–36 millions years ago by using a high‐resolution magnetostratigraphic study conducted on a sedimentary section located on Maud Rise in the Southern Ocean. We detect a critical threshold for an early warning indicator of the occurrence of a polarity reversal below which a polarity reversal starts. Through the proper use of this early warning indicator we build up a simple non‐autonomous stochastic model to describe the main features of polarity reversals. This approach could be helpful for building up a novel framework for paleomagnetic studies.
Plasma‐Sheet Bubble Identification Using Multivariate Time Series Classification
Authors: Feng Xuedong , Yang Jian
Published: October 2023

Plasma‐sheet bubbles play a major role in the earthward transport of magnetotail particles. The most remarkable feature of bubbles is their fast bulk flow velocities, along with reduced plasma density and pressure accompanied by magnetic field dipolarization. These bubbles can be identified based on in situ observations, but subjective ambiguity necessitates human verification, due to confusion with other phenomena mostly associated with magnetic reconnection and plasma waves. In this study, we aim to employ machine learning (ML) techniques to detect bubbles automatically and to create a tool that can be utilized by individuals without specialized subject expertise. To identify bubbles, we combine three distinct techniques: MINImally RandOm Convolutional KErnel Transform (MINIROCKET), 1D convolution neural network, and Residual Network (ResNet). The imbalanced training data set consists of bubble and non‐bubble events with a ratio of 1:40 from 2007 to 2020. The results indicate that the accuracy of all three models is approximately 99%, and their precision, recall, and F2 score are all above 80% for both the validation and test datasets. The three methods are combined with the intersection set as the minimum set of predictions and the union set as the maximum set. The union set can accurately identify 66.7% of bubbles. The combined method reduces the number of false negatives significantly. In the prediction of bubbles in observations made in the year 2021 using a union set, the bubbles obtained by the model are comparable to those discovered using traditional criteria and manual inspections.
Dust Lifting Observations With the Mars Science Laboratory Navigation Cameras
Authors: Guzewich Scott D. , Mason Emily L. , Lemmon Mark T. , Newman Claire E. , Lewis Kevin W.
Published: October 2023

Martian dust lifting is believed to occur through two primary mechanisms: dust devils and wind stress forced dust lifting. Gale Crater's varied terrain and meteorology provide a unique in situ perspective on Martian dust lifting, with the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover passing through both conditions and locations detrimental to dust lifting (e.g., the crater floor) and those with active sand motion and frequent dust lifting (e.g., the Bagnold Dunes). Between Ls = 248° in Mars Year 33 and Ls = 51° in Mars Year 37, over ∼3.5 Mars years and 2,300 sols, the rover's Navigation Cameras took 1,260 dedicated image sequences to search for dust lifting. Approximately 42.7% of all sequences, and 9.5% of the total images have shown active dust lifting, both dust devils and linear/straight‐line wind stress dust lifting. 79% of dust lifting events are classified as dust devils, while ∼16% are linear wind stress dust lifting and the remainder are of an indeterminate type. We analyze this large catalog of dust lifting events to provide ground truth on theoretical and model expectations of dust lifting and show that dust lifting in Gale Crater occurs throughout the Martian year, is strongly peaked in frequency near solar noon (even after accounting for observational biases), and that dust lifting shows an affinity for sand‐covered surfaces which highlights the importance of saltating sand grains for Martian dust lifting in both dust devils and wind stress forced lifting.
Genome-wide association study in 404,302 individuals identifies 7 significant loci for reaction time variability
Authors: Wootton Olivia , Shadrin Alexey A. , Mohn Christine , Susser Ezra , Ramesar Raj , Gur Ruben C. , Andreassen Ole A. , Stein Dan J. , Dalvie Shareefa
Published: October 2023

Reaction time variability (RTV), reflecting fluctuations in response time on cognitive tasks, has been proposed as an endophenotype for many neuropsychiatric disorders. There have been no large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of RTV and little is known about its genetic underpinnings. Here, we used data from the UK Biobank to conduct a GWAS of RTV in participants of white British ancestry (n = 404,302) as well as a trans-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis (n = 44,873) to assess replication. We found 161 genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) distributed across 7 genomic loci in our discovery GWAS. Functional annotation of the variants implicated genes involved in synaptic function and neural development. The SNP-based heritability (h2SNP) estimate for RTV was 3%. We investigated genetic correlations between RTV and selected neuropsychological traits using linkage disequilibrium score regression, and found significant correlations with several traits, including a positive correlation with mean reaction time and schizophrenia. Despite the high genetic correlation between RTV and mean reaction time, we demonstrate distinctions in the genetic underpinnings of these traits. Lastly, we assessed the predictive ability of a polygenic score (PGS) for RTV, calculated using PRSice and PRS-CS, and found that the RTV-PGS significantly predicted RTV in independent cohorts, but that the generalisability to other ancestry groups was poor. These results identify genetic underpinnings of RTV, and support the use of RTV as an endophenotype for neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Anti-PD-1 antibody armored γδ T cells enhance anti-tumor efficacy in ovarian cancer
Authors: Wang Yue , Han Jingyi , Wang Dongdong , Cai Menghua , Xu Yi , Hu Yu , Chen Hui , He Wei , Zhang Jianmin
Published: October 2023

γδ T cells have the unique ability to detect a wide range of tumors with low mutation burdens, making them attractive candidates for CAR-T-cell therapy. Unlike αβ T cells and other immune cells, γδ T cells are superior in MHC non-restriction, selective cell recruitment, and rapid activation. However, clinical trials have shown limited clinical benefits, and the adoptive transplantation of γδ T cells has often fallen short of expectations. We hypothesized that the limited effectiveness of γδ T cells in eradicating tumor cells may be attributed to the inhibitory tumor microenvironment induced by the suppressive PD-1/PD-L1 axis. Herein, we constructed novel armored γδ T cells capable of secreting humanized anti-PD-1 antibodies, referred to as “Lv-PD1-γδ T cells. Lv-PD1-γδ T cells showed improved proliferation and enhanced cytotoxicity against tumor cells, resulting in augmented therapeutic effects and survival benefits in ovarian tumor-bearing mice. These engineered cells demonstrated a prolonged in vivo survival of more than 29 days, without any potential for tumorigenicity in immunodeficient NOD/SCID/γ null mice. We also found that Lv-PD1-γδ T cells exhibited excellent tolerance and safety in humanized NOD/SCID/γ null mice. With attenuated or eliminated immunosuppression and maximized cytotoxicity efficacy by the local secretion of anti-PD1 antibodies in tumors, Lv-PD1-γδ T cells can serve as a promising “off-the-shelf” cell therapy against cancers.
E-cigarette side effects in otolaryngology: unveiling the vape mirage
Authors: Baniulyte Gabriele , Ali Kamran
Published: October 2023

Data sources

The following databases were searched for publications up to May 2020: Web of Science, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Medline and CINAHL. Additionally, previously published reviews were hand searched.

Study selection

Clinical studies conducted in English language were considered, encompassing cohorts of more than four vaping individuals who have encountered inadvertent side effects. Both adult and paediatric populations were included. In vitro, animal studies and systematic or literature reviews were excluded from the analysis.

Data extraction and synthesis

Two independent reviewers screened 1125 studies following deduplication. Two-hundred and eight full-text studies were assessed for eligibility.

Results

Thirty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. Diverse study designs were included, comprising of cross-sectional, randomised controlled trials, case-control studies, cohort studies, case series investigations and non-randomised trials. Of note, four studies focused on paediatric patients. Most reported side effects were cough, throat and mouth irritation and intra-oral lesions.

Conclusions

While the direct side effects of e-cigarettes are well-documented, the long-term effects remain uncertain.
Earthquake source parameters in Zagros region (Iran) from the time-evolutive P-wave displacement
Authors: Nazeri Sahar , Abdi Fatemeh , Ismail Amir , Rahimi Habib , Zollo Aldo
Published: October 2023

The rupture process of the recent moderate-to-large earthquakes in the Zagros area along the Iran plateau is investigated by analysing the strong motion data provided by the Iranian Building and Housing Research Centre (BHRC). The selected dataset includes the largest and deadliest 2017 Mw 7.3, Iran-Iraq (Ezgeleh) earthquake. The earthquake source parameters (moment magnitude, rupture duration and length, average slip, and static stress drop) are determined using a time-domain, parametric modelling technique based on the time evolution of the P-wave displacement signals. The earthquake source parameters are calculated from simulated triangular moment-rate functions assuming the circular source models for a constant rupture velocity. The anelastic attenuation effect is modelled through the independent frequency-Q parameter ranging from 50 to 200 and accounted for by a post-processing procedure that retrieves the attenuation-corrected, moment-rate triangular shape. Results show that the average static stress-drop with different $${Q}_{P}$$

Q
P

, varies between <Δσ>  = 0.9 (0.7–1.2) MPa and <Δσ>  = 1.6 (1.2–2.0) MPa. Overall, in this research, the rupture radius/length empirically scales with the seismic moment with a self-similar, near-constant stress drop of about 1 MPa. Assuming a circular rupture model for the Ezgeleh earthquake, we estimate a moment magnitude of 6.9, rupture duration of 7 s, source radius of 16 km, average slip of about 2 m and static stress drop of 3.4 MPa.
Large language models propagate race-based medicine
Authors: Omiye Jesutofunmi A. , Lester Jenna C. , Spichak Simon , Rotemberg Veronica , Daneshjou Roxana
Published: October 2023

Large language models (LLMs) are being integrated into healthcare systems; but these models may recapitulate harmful, race-based medicine. The objective of this study is to assess whether four commercially available large language models (LLMs) propagate harmful, inaccurate, race-based content when responding to eight different scenarios that check for race-based medicine or widespread misconceptions around race. Questions were derived from discussions among four physician experts and prior work on race-based medical misconceptions believed by medical trainees. We assessed four large language models with nine different questions that were interrogated five times each with a total of 45 responses per model. All models had examples of perpetuating race-based medicine in their responses. Models were not always consistent in their responses when asked the same question repeatedly. LLMs are being proposed for use in the healthcare setting, with some models already connecting to electronic health record systems. However, this study shows that based on our findings, these LLMs could potentially cause harm by perpetuating debunked, racist ideas.
Paralog transcriptional differentiation in the D. melanogaster-specific gene family Sdic across populations and spermatogenesis stages
Authors: Clifton Bryan D. , Hariyani Imtiyaz , Kimura Ashlyn , Luo Fangning , Nguyen Alvin , Ranz José M.
Published: October 2023

How recently originated gene copies become stable genomic components remains uncertain as high sequence similarity of young duplicates precludes their functional characterization. The tandem multigene familySdicis specific toDrosophila melanogasterand has been annotated across multiple reference-quality genome assemblies. Here we show the existence of a positive correlation betweenSdiccopy number and totalexpression, plus vast intrastrain differences in mRNA abundance among paralogs, using RNA-sequencing from testis of four strains with variable paralog composition. Single cell and nucleus RNA-sequencing data expose paralog expression differentiation in meiotic cell types within testis from third instar larva and adults. Additional RNA-sequencing across synthetic strains only differing in theirYchromosomes reveal a tissue-dependenttrans-regulatory effect onSdic: upregulation in testis and downregulation in male accessory gland. By leveraging paralog-specific expression information from tissue- and cell-specific data, our results elucidate the intraspecific functional diversification of a recently expanded tandem gene family.
Bioavailability and provitamin A activity of neurosporaxanthin in mice
Authors: Miller Anthony P. , Hornero-Méndez Dámaso , Bandara Sepalika , Parra-Rivero Obdulia , Limón M. Carmen , von Lintig Johannes , Avalos Javier , Amengual Jaume
Published: October 2023

Various species of ascomycete fungi synthesize the carboxylic carotenoid neurosporaxanthin. The unique chemical structure of this xanthophyll reveals that: (1) Its carboxylic end and shorter length increase the polarity of neurosporaxanthin in comparison to other carotenoids, and (2) it contains an unsubstituted β-ionone ring, conferring the potential to form vitamin A. Previously, neurosporaxanthin production was optimized in Fusarium fujikuroi, which allowed us to characterize its antioxidant properties in in vitro assays. In this study, we assessed the bioavailability of neurosporaxanthin compared to other provitamin A carotenoids in mice and examined whether it can be cleaved by the two carotenoid-cleaving enzymes: β-carotene-oxygenase 1 (BCO1) and 2 (BCO2). Using Bco1−/−Bco2−/− mice, we report that neurosporaxanthin displays greater bioavailability than β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin, as evidenced by higher accumulation and decreased fecal elimination. Enzymatic assays with purified BCO1 and BCO2, together with feeding studies in wild-type, Bco1−/−, Bco2−/−, and Bco1−/−Bco2−/− mice, revealed that neurosporaxanthin is a substrate for either carotenoid-cleaving enzyme. Wild-type mice fed neurosporaxanthin displayed comparable amounts of vitamin A to those fed β-carotene. Together, our study unveils neurosporaxanthin as a highly bioavailable fungal carotenoid with provitamin A activity, highlighting its potential as a novel food additive.
X-ray induced Coulomb explosion imaging of transient excited-state structural rearrangements in CS2
Authors: Unwin James , Allum Felix , Britton Mathew , Gabalski Ian , Bromberger Hubertus , Brouard Mark , Bucksbaum Philip H. , Driver Taran , Ekanayake Nagitha , Garg Diksha , Gougoula Eva , Heathcote David , Howard Andrew J. , Hockett Paul , Holland David M. P. , Kumar Sonu , Lam Chow-shing , Lee Jason W. L. , McManus Joseph , Mikosch Jochen , Milesevic Dennis , Minns Russell S. , Papadopoulou Christina C. , Passow Christopher , Razmus Weronika O. , Röder Anja , Rouzée Arnaud , Schuurman Michael , Simao Alcides , Stolow Albert , Tul-Noor Atia , Vallance Claire , Walmsley Tiffany , Rolles Daniel , Erk Benjamin , Burt Michael , Forbes Ruaridh
Published: October 2023

Structural imaging of transient excited-state species is a key goal of molecular physics, promising to unveil rich information about the dynamics underpinning photochemical transformations. However, separating the electronic and nuclear contributions to the spectroscopic observables is challenging, and typically requires the application of high-level theory. Here, we employ site-selective ionisation via ultrashort soft X-ray pulses and time-resolved Coulomb explosion imaging to interrogate structural dynamics of the ultraviolet photochemistry of carbon disulfide. This prototypical system exhibits the complex motifs of polyatomic photochemistry, including strong non-adiabatic couplings, vibrational mode couplings, and intersystem crossing. Immediately following photoexcitation, we observe Coulomb explosion signatures of highly bent and stretched excited-state geometries involved in the photodissociation. Aided by a model to interpret such changes, we build a comprehensive picture of the photoinduced nuclear dynamics that follows initial bending and stretching motions, as the reaction proceeds towards photodissociation.
Linear optical response from the odd-parity Bardasis-Schrieffer mode in locally non-centrosymmetric superconductors
Authors: Lee Changhee , Chung Suk Bum
Published: October 2023

On the recent report of a field-induced first order transition in the superconducting state of CeRh2As2, which is a possible indication of a parity-switching transition of the superconductor, the microscopic physics is still under investigation. However, if two competing paring channels of opposite parities do exist, a particle-particle collective mode referred to as the Bardasis-Schrieffer (BS) mode should generically exist below the pair-breaking continuum. The BS mode of the CeRh2As2superconductor can couple to the light, as it arises from a pairing channel with the parity opposite to that of the superconducting condensate. Here, by using a generic model Hamiltonian we carry out a qualitative investigation on the excitation energy of the BS mode with respect to the out-of-plane magnetic fields and its contribution to the optical conductivity. Our findings indicate that the distinct coupling between the BS mode and the light can serve as evidence for the competing odd-parity channels of CeRh2As2and other locally non-centrosymmetric superconductors.
Humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and endemic coronaviruses in urban and indigenous children in Colombia
Authors: Fernández Villalobos Nathalie Verónica , Marsall Patrick , Torres Páez Johanna Carolina , Strömpl Julia , Gruber Jens , Lotto Batista Martín , Pohl Daria , Concha Gustavo , Frickmann Hagen , de la Hoz Restrepo Fernando Pio , Schneiderhan-Marra Nicole , Krause Gérard , Dulovic Alex , Strengert Monika , Kann Simone
Published: October 2023

Background

Although anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral immune responses and epidemiology have been extensively studied, data gaps remain for certain populations such as indigenous people or children especially in low- and middle-income countries. To address this gap, we evaluated SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and humoral immunity towards the parental B.1 strain, local SARS-CoV-2 variants, and endemic coronaviruses in children from Colombia from March to April 2021.

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional seroprevalence study with 80 children from Bogotá and expanded our analysis by comparing results with an independent observational study of 82 children from the Wiwa community living in the north-eastern Colombian territories. Antibody IgG titers towards SARS-CoV-2 and the endemic coronaviruses as well as ACE2 binding inhibition as a proxy for neutralization towards several SARS-CoV-2 variants were analyzed using two multiplex-based immunoassays.

Results

While we find seroprevalence estimates of 21.3% in children from Bogotá, seroprevalence is higher with 34.1% in Wiwa children. We observe a robust induction of antibodies towards the surface-exposed spike protein, its S1-, S2- and receptor-binding-subdomains in all SARS-CoV-2 seropositive children. Only nucleocapsid-specific IgG is significantly lower in the indigenous participants. ACE2 binding inhibition is low for all SARS-CoV-2 variants examined. We observe a dominance of NL63 S1 IgG levels in urban and indigenous children which suggests an early exposure to this respiratory virus independent of living conditions and geographic location. SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity does not correlate with antibody levels towards any of the four endemic coronaviruses indicating the absence of cross-protective immunity.

Conclusions

Overall, antibody titers, but in particular ACE2 binding inhibition are low within Colombian samples, requiring further investigation to determine any potential clinical significance.
Eco-building for eco-living, an essential step to face climate change
Authors: Amar Sylvia
Published: October 2023

The article provides an historical overview of ecological design within the context of intentional communities. It explores how this design approach has evolved over time and emphasizes its significant contributions to the struggle against climate change. The key principles used by ecovillages (renewable energies, waste recycling, water consumption, voluntary simplicity and degrowing economies, shared governance) are recalled, bringing into light interactions between eco-housing and eco-living designs at all scales. The paper discusses the various challenges faced by ecovillages, such as the need to deeply articulate their own project to a local territory, while simultaneously being part of international networks. The demonstration argues that ecovillages already act, and could have a wider potential to promote sustainable living if they were considered as “setting an example”. The critical discussion acknowledges the difficulty in quantifying ecovillages’ current contributions. However, for their qualitative potential, they are seen as a valuable and strong potential resource in the fight against global warming. In summary, the article highlights the holistic approach of ecovillages in addressing all climate change issues and suggests considering them as laboratories for “empathic” architecture.
A simple, quick and non-destructive approach for sampling drugs of abuse in tablets and blotter for qualitative analysis by paper spray mass spectrometry
Authors: Diniz Mariana C. C. , de Moura Fabiana , Machado Yuri , Coelho Neto José , Piccin Evandro
Published: October 2023

A new PS-MS approach is presented that allows fast solventless sample preparation where samples are just rubbed against PS substrates. This method has the benefits of analytical frequency, economy of time and sample conservation.
Supramolecular intermediates in thermo-mechanochemical direct amidations
Authors: Stolar Tomislav , Alić Jasna , Talajić Gregor , Cindro Nikola , Rubčić Mirta , Molčanov Krešimir , Užarević Krunoslav , Hernández José G.
Published: October 2023

We present a solvent-free thermo-mechanochemical approach for the direct coupling of carboxylic acids and amines, which avoids activators and additives. Non-covalent interactions between the reagents guide the formation of the amide bond.
Unveiling the intrinsic role of water in the catalytic cycle of formaldehyde oxidation: a comprehensive study integrating density functional theory and microkinetic analysis
Authors: Li Qianyu , Li Wenlang , Cao Jiachun , Zhou Junhui , Li Didi , Ao Zhimin
Published: October 2023

Water accelerates the oxidation cycle of formaldehyde on Al1/C2N, and plays a greater catalytic role than oxygen, but cooperation can exert greater influence.
Formation of octacalcium phosphate with incorporated dicarboxylate ions containing disulfide bonds
Authors: Yokoi Taishi , Watanabe Masahiro , Nakamura Fumiya , Kimura-Suda Hiromi , Shimabukuro Masaya , Kawashita Masakazu
Published: October 2023

We successfully synthesised octacalcium phosphate with incorporated 3,3′-dithiodipropionate ions.
Science-based pathogen treatment requirements for direct potable reuse
Authors: Pecson Brian M. , Kaufmann Anya , Gerrity Daniel , Haas Charles N. , Seto Edmund , Ashbolt Nicholas J. , Slifko Theresa , Darby Emily , Olivieri Adam
Published: October 2023

This study specifies science-based pathogen treatment requirements for direct potable reuse using high-quality monitoring data and probabilistic approaches to ensure consistent and reliable protection of public health.
A review on green and sustainable carbon anodes for lithium ion batteries: utilization of green carbon resources and recycling waste graphite
Authors: Luo Fenqiang , Lyu Taiyu , Wang Dechao , Zheng Zhifeng
Published: October 2023

Sustainable and effective methods for green synthesis of carbon anodes for lithium-ion batteries is reviewed in this work.
Harnessing a carbon-based material from food waste digestate for dye adsorption: the role of hydrogel beads in enhancing the material stability and regenerative capacity
Authors: Farsad Salaheddine , Amjlef Asma , Chaoui Ayoub , Ben Hamou Aboubakr , Hamma Chaima , Benafqir Mohamed , Jada Amane , El Alem Noureddine
Published: October 2023

This study focuses on both ecological and economic gains from food waste treatment.
Correlating structure and photophysical properties in thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole crystal derivatives for use in solid-state photonic and fluorescence-based optical devices
Authors: Shibu Abhishek , Jones Sean , Tolley P. Lane , Diaz David , Kwiatkowski Carly O. , Jones Daniel S. , Shivas Jessica M. , Foley Jonathan J. , Schmedake Thomas A. , Walter Michael G.
Published: October 2023

In thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole (TTz)-based crystals, synergistic non-covalent interactions govern photophysical properties. Therefore, by modulating molecular-packing, TTz-based crystals can be tailored to fit optical and photonic applications such as white-light emissive organic phosphors.
Rational design of water-harvesting hydrogels
Authors: Thanusing Moki K. , Shen Peidong , Pollard Brett L. , Connal Luke A.
Published: October 2023

Water-harvesting polymer materials have the potential to create new sources of potable water.
Synthesis of porphyrin and resorcinarene-based porous organic polymers for the superfast adsorption of bisphenol A and cationic herbicides
Authors: Zhou Xinyu , Huang Jia , Lv Weifeng , Han Lu , Zhou Shiyuan , Liu Yingjie , Gu Peiyang
Published: October 2023

Porphyrin and resorcinarene-based POPs were synthesized via a post-modification strategy with a superfast removal rate towards bisphenol A and cationic herbicides.
Palladium-catalyzed enantioselective decarboxylative allylic alkylation of α-benzyl cyanoacetates: access to chiral acyclic quaternary carbon stereocenters
Authors: Bao Qing , Sun Ting-Jia , Zhang Yan-Ping , Wang Zhen-Hua , You Yong , Ge Zhen-Zhen , Zhou Ming-Qiang , Zhao Jian-Qiang , Yuan Wei-Cheng
Published: October 2023

A palladium-catalyzed enantioselective decarboxylative allylic alkylation of α-benzyl cyanoacetates with methylene cyclic carbamates was developed for the construction of nitrile-containing acyclic quaternary carbon stereocenters with good results.
Droplet detachment force and its relation to Young–Dupre adhesion
Authors: Daniel Dan , Koh Xue Qi
Published: October 2023

We show that for hydrophobic surfaces, the normalized detachment force Fd/πR is equivalent to the Young–Dupre work of adhesion γ(cos θr + 1).
Geometric learning of knot topology
Authors: Sleiman Joseph Lahoud , Conforto Filippo , Fosado Yair Augusto Gutierrez , Michieletto Davide
Published: October 2023

Unambiguous knot classification is a long-standing problem. In this paper, the authors use Machine Learning to classify all knots up to 10 crossings with more than 95% accuracy and also to distinguish knots with multiple identical knot polynomials.
Design of manganese-based nanomaterials for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications
Authors: Jain Poonam , Jangid Ashok Kumar , Pooja Deep , Kulhari Hitesh
Published: October 2023

Manganese-based nanostructures have significant potential as efficient diagnostic imaging contrast agents and as carrier for delivery of the drugs.
Overexpression of the LAT1 in primary human trophoblast cells increases the uptake of essential amino acids and activates mTOR signaling
Authors: Rosario Fredrick J. , Urschitz Johann , Powell Theresa L. , Brown Thomas L. , Jansson Thomas
Published: October 2023

The System L amino acid transporter, particularly the isoform Large Neutral Amino Acid Transporter Small Subunit 1 (LAT1) encoded by SLC7A5, is believed to mediate the transfer of essential amino acids in the human placenta. Placental System L amino acid transporter expression and activity is decreased in pregnancies complicated by IUGR and increased in fetal overgrowth. However, it remains unknown if changes in the expression of LAT1 are mechanistically linked to System L amino acid transport activity. Here, we combined overexpression approaches with protein analysis and functional studies in cultured primary human trophoblast (PHT) cells to test the hypothesis that SLC7A5 overexpression increases the uptake of essential amino acids and activates mTOR signaling in PHT cells. Overexpression of SLC7A5 resulted in a marked increase in protein expression of LAT1 in the PHT cells microvillous plasma membrane and System L amino acid transporter activity. Moreover, mTOR signaling was activated, and System A amino acid transporter activity increased following SLC7A5 overexpression, suggesting coordination of trophoblast amino transporter expression and activity to ensure balanced nutrient flux to the fetus. This is the first report showing that overexpression of LAT1 is sufficient to increase the uptake of essential amino acids in PHT cells, which activates mTOR, a master regulator of placental function. The decreased placental System L activity in human IUGR and the increased placental activity of this transporter system in some cases of fetal overgrowth may directly contribute to changes in fetal amino acid availability and altered fetal growth in these pregnancy complications.
Mixed RNN‐DNN based channel prediction for massive MIMO‐OFDM systems
Authors: Ge Lijun , Shi Chenpeng , Niu Shixun , Chen Gaojie , Guo Yuchuan
Published: October 2023

Channel state information (CSI), which is crucial for resource allocation and system performance in time division duplex (TDD) massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) systems, is difficult to predict because of the channel's time‐varying nature. To overcome this limitation, a scheme for channel prediction combined with deep learning (DL) is proposed. The system uses a deep neural network (DNN) to interpolate channel estimates from a few received pilot signals and a recurrent neural network (RNN) to train through the current time and the recent historical channel estimates to predict the CSI while the channel is constantly varying. In the end, a mixed neural network of RNN and DNN, is called MRDNN. In addition, the proposed DL‐based method does not rely on the relevant feature information about the channel, such as internal characteristics and parameters of the channel itself or channel statistical information, which improves its effectiveness in practical applications. The results of the simulation show that the MRDNN‐based method is better than the existing methods, like traditional AR method and NL Kalman method, and also can be effective in improving the quality of channel prediction and the performance of the system under the dynamic change scenario of low mobility.
Dynamic wide‐area cooperative protection: A new approach
Authors: Koloushani Sayed Mahdi , Taher Seyed Abbas
Published: October 2023

This paper introduces a new dynamic wide‐area cooperative protection based on cooperative control of distributed multi‐agent systems and graph theoretical methods. For power system cooperative protection, a new voting method is designed that manages each agent's cooperation according to each protection area. Cooperative protection areas work together and make a wide area of cooperative protection for the specific protection scheme. As the power system configuration varies, the voting management and the wide‐area cooperative protection dynamically change. The proposed protection method decisions are collective, while a centralized master does not exist, and local information is used. A fault detection code and a wide‐area fault detection code are presented for fault detection. The suggested dynamic wide‐area cooperative protection scheme is tested on an IEEE 39‐bus test system. The proposed protection performance is studied as backup protection for distance relays during normal, stable power swings, unstable power swings, and load encroachment conditions.
Multiview feature co‐factorization based dictionary selection for video summarization
Authors: Chen Xiaoning , Ma Mingyang , Yang Runfeng , Peng Yong
Published: October 2023

Recently, video summarization (VS) has emerged as one of the most effective tools for rapidly understanding video big data. Dictionary selection based on self‐representation and sparse regularization is consistent with the requirement of VS, which aims to represent the original video with little reconstruction error by a small number of video frames. However, one crucial issue is that the existing methods mainly use a single view feature, which is not sufficient enough for acquiring the full pictorial details and affects the quality of the produced video summary. Although a few methods use more than one features, they only directly concatenate the features, which does not take advantage of the relationship of different features. Considering the complementarity of shallow and deep features, multiview feature co‐factorization based dictionary selection for VS is proposed in this paper to use the common information of both view features for VS. Specifically, two view features are used to fully exploit the full pictorial information of video frames, then the common information of two different views is extracted through coupled matrix factorization to conduct the dictionary selection for VS. Experiments have been carried out on two benchmark datasets, and results have demonstrated the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.
Accurately 3D neuron localization using 2D conv‐LSTM super‐resolution segmentation network
Authors: Zhou Hang , Li Yuxin , Wen Wu , Yang Hao , Ma Yayu , Chen Min
Published: October 2023

Neuron localization is a fundamental step in the neuron morphology reconstruction and quantitative analysis of cell counting and spatial distribution. The recent development of labelling and imaging techniques has resulted in growing demand for automatic neuron localization methods of 3D neuronal microscopy images. However, accurately localizing touching neurons remains a challenge. To address this issue, a novel method utilizing a super‐resolution segmentation network based on 2D Conv‐LSTM and a region growing method are proposed. This network can map and detect individual neurons in higher resolution space, allowing for the separation of closely touching neurons with reduced resource consumption. Subsequently, a region growing method is employed to localize neurons accurately. This method is evaluated using neuronal images generated by TDI‐fMOST. This method achieved neuron localization with an F1 score of 0.91. In comparison, other automatic localization methods achieved F1 scores lower than 0.85. It is also demonstrated that our network has fewer computational requirements compared to 3D neural networks. This method is promising for accurately localizing neurons in large‐scale neuron images.
Method of phase compensation and pattern transformation for array antennas with arbitrarily oriented circularly polarised elements
Authors: Jing Zhongtian , Han Yubing
Published: October 2023

The inconsistent polarised directions and the radiation pattern transformation of the elements need to be considered in the analysis and simulation of large circularly polarised conformal arrays. Without relying on full‐wave simulations of the full array, a polarisation phase compensation and a pattern transformation method are proposed to solve these problems. When the position and orientation of the conformal array elements are known, the polarisation phase compensation method can provide a solution to keep the initial phase direction of each circularly polarised antenna element consistent in the global coordinate system. Then, a pattern transformation method is proposed to obtain the radiation pattern of each antenna in the global coordinate system. In this method, the local antenna polarised radiation patterns with amplitude and phase information are expressed in the global coordinate system through the mutual conversion relationship between the local and global coordinate systems. These methods can provide a guidance for array design and performance simulation, especially theoretically applicable to the arbitrary conformal arrays.
ThePlanckclusters in the LOFAR sky
Authors: Cuciti V. , Cassano R. , Sereno M. , Brunetti G. , Botteon A. , Shimwell T. W. , Bruno L. , Gastaldello F. , Rossetti M. , Zhang X. , Simionescu A. , Brüggen M. , van Weeren R. J. , Jones A. , Akamatsu H. , Bonafede A. , De Gasperin F. , Di Gennaro G. , Pasini T. , Röttgering H. J. A.
Published: October 2023

Context.Many galaxy clusters show diffuse cluster-scale emission in the form of radio halos, showing that magnetic fields and relativistic electrons are mixed in with the intracluster medium. There is in general agreement with the idea that the origin of radio halos is connected to turbulence generated during cluster mergers. Statistical studies of large samples of galaxy clusters in the radio band have the potential to unveil the connection between the properties of radio halos and the mass and dynamics of the host clusters.

Aims.Previous studies were limited to massive clusters and were based on a small number of radio halos. The aim of this paper is to investigate the scaling relation between the radio power of radio halos and the mass of the host clusters at low frequencies and down to lower cluster masses.

Methods.We analysed the clusters from the second catalogue ofPlanckSunyaev–Zel’dovich sources that lie within the 5634 deg2covered by the second Data Release of the LOFAR Two-meter Sky Survey. We derived the correlation between radio power and host cluster mass, and investigated the distribution of clusters without radio halos with respect to this correlation. We used X-ray observations to classify the dynamical state of clusters and investigated its effect on the power of radio halos.

Results.Using different fitting methods, we found a correlation between the power of a radio halo at 150 MHz and the mass of its host cluster down to 3 × 1014 M⊙. For comparison with previous works, with the Bivariate Correlated Errors and intrinsic Scatter (BCES)Y|Xmethod, we obtained the slope of the correlationB = 3.55 ± 0.60 and the normalisationA = 1.1 ± 0.1. This correlation has a large scatter, part of which can be attributed to the different dynamical states of host clusters. We used two statistical tests to show that the distribution of clusters with and without (upper limits) radio halos in the mass–radio power diagram is not compatible with a single correlation and that it is also not compatible with clusters being uniformly distributed below the correlation.
The Corona Australis star formation complex is accelerating away from the Galactic plane
Authors: Posch Laura , Miret-Roig Núria , Alves João , Ratzenböck Sebastian , Großschedl Josefa , Meingast Stefan , Zucker Catherine , Burkert Andreas
Published: October 2023

We study the kinematics of the recently discovered Corona Australis (CrA) chain of clusters by examining the 3D space motion of its young stars using Gaia DR3 and APOGEE-2 data. While we observe linear expansion between the clusters in the Cartesian XY directions, the expansion along Z exhibits a curved pattern. To our knowledge, this is the first time such a nonlinear velocity–position relation has been observed for stellar clusters. We propose a scenario to explain our findings, in which the observed gradient is caused by stellar feedback, accelerating the gas away from the Galactic plane. A traceback analysis confirms that the CrA star formation complex was located near the central clusters of the Scorpius Centaurus (Sco-Cen) OB association 10–15 Myr ago. It contains massive stars and thus offers a natural source of feedback. Based on the velocity of the youngest unbound CrA cluster, we estimate that a median number of about two supernovae would have been sufficient to inject the present-day kinetic energy of the CrA molecular cloud. This number agrees with that of recent studies. The head-tail morphology of the CrA molecular cloud further supports the proposed feedback scenario, in which a feedback force pushed the primordial cloud from the Galactic north, leading to the current separation of 100 pc from the center of Sco-Cen. The formation of spatially and temporally well-defined star formation patterns, such as the CrA chain of clusters, is likely a common process in massive star-forming regions.