bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les tiques des ruminants dans les Petites Antilles : biologie, importance économique, principes de lutte
Authors: BARRÉ N.
Published: July 2020

Deux espèces de tiques tropicales, Boophilus microplus, d’origine asiatique, et Amblyomma variegatum, d’origine africaine, parasitent les ruminants des Antilles, en particulier des Antilles françaises (Guadeloupe et Martinique). Elles sont vectrices de diverses maladies : babésioses et anaplasmose pour Boophilus, theilérioses bénignes et cowdriose pour Amblyomma. De plus Amblyomma est associé aux formes cliniques sévères, fréquemment mortelles, de la dermatophilose. En Guadeloupe, où la majorité des bovins sont de type créole, hautement résistants à ces maladies, mais où les caprins paient un lourd tribut à la cowdriose, le préjudice annuel généré par les tiques est estimé à 13,8 MF. Alors que Boophilus a couvert dans les Antilles et sur le continent l’ensemble de son aire de distribution potentielle, Amblyomma, l’espèce la plus pathogène, n’est encore présente que dans les Petites Antilles et à Porto Rico. Encore confinée à 4 îles au milieu de ce siècle, elle a infesté 14 îles nouvelles au cours des 25 dernières années. De fortes présomptions permettent de penser que le Héron garde-boeufs, arrivé dans les Petites Antilles à la fin des années 50 depuis l’Afrique, largement répandu dans la Caraïbe, pourrait être à l’origine de l’accélération récente de la propagation de la tique dans la région. Celle-ci menace le continent américain et les Grandes Antilles. Malgré de grandes capacités de diffusion régionale sur ses hôtes, cette tique a une productivité numérique, donc un pouvoir d’installation et de colonisation, bien moindre que Boophilus. Dès l’apparition d’un foyer, la mise en place de mesures adaptées peut donc efficacement entraver son développement. Là où elle est établie, des mesures rigoureuses doivent permettre de rompre son cycle de développement et de détruire définitivement ses populations. De plus, elle ne semble pas manifester actuellement de phénomène de résistance aux acaricides, et elle est, au stade adulte, assez spécifique des animaux domestiques de grande taille. Ceci est en faveur de la mise en oeuvre d’une stratégie de lutte ayant pour objectif un programme d’éradication spécifique basé sur l’application régulière d’acaricides sur ses hôtes domestiques.
Fa'āliyyah Tathbīq Tharīqah Puzzle fī Tachsīn Qudrah Takallum at-Talāmīdz di Madrasah Sabīl at-Taqwa ats-Tsānawiyyah Margomulyo Luwu Timur
Authors: Abrar Muhammad
Published: July 2020

ملخص البحث

هذ البحث لمعرفة قدرة وتأثير تطبيق طريقة اللغز لقدرة تلاميذ على التكلم باللغة العربية. و توضيح للباحثين أو المربين المحتملين حول تطبيق نموذج التعليم الذى يمكن  أن تحسن مفهوم التلاميذ باعتبارها مادة إعلامية للباحثين للحفاظ على البحث والعثور على نموذج التعليم وفقا لأسلوب التعليم من التلاميذ لتحسين فهم التلاميذ على اللغة العربية. حصل الباحث على متوسط درجة قدرة اللغة العربية على التحدث للمتعلم الذي يعادل 81 درجة. الانحراف المعياري هو مقياس يصف مستوى نشر البيانات لمتوسط القيمة التي تم الحصول عليها فى هذه الدراسة وبلغ 43.03. علاوة على ذلك ، فإن التباين هو مقياس تنوع مفيد للغاي  Furchan، 2014: 164) مع قيمة التباين التي تم الحصول عليها في هذه الدراسة لعام 1852 ومعامل التباين بنسبة 53.12٪. معامل التباين هو النسبة المئوية للمساواة فى المعاملة المعطاة للجسم. كلما كانت قيمة التباين أصغر كلما كان يتم الحصول على معاملة أكثر إنصافًا.
The Effectiveness of Constructivist Learning Using Guided Discovery Models on The Concept of A Regulatory System for Curiosity and Anti-Narcotics Attitudes
Authors: Raida Sulasfiana Alfi , Jamaludin Didi Nur
Published: July 2020

This research aimed to analyze the effectiveness of constructivist learning using guided discovery models on the concept of a regulatory system for curiosity and anti-narcotics attitudes. This research used a quasi-experimental and pre-experimental design. The population was all of the 4th semester MIA classes of SMA Negeri 1 Salatiga which consists of seven classes. Samples were taken with a convenience sampling technique.  MIA 2.4 and 5.4 as the experimental group and MIA 3.4 and 4.4 as the control group. The data in this research were collected by the scale of curiosity and anti-narcotics attitude. Data were analyzed with descriptive analyzed and t-test. The result showed as follows: there is a significant difference at the end of the curiosity and anti-narcotics attitude of constructivist learning using guided discovery model compared with direct instruction model learning; the average of student’s curiosity and anti-narcotics attitude score ≥ 3,00 on constructivist learning using guided discovery model. It is concluded that constructivist learning using a guided discovery model is effectively completed learning outcomes of the curiosity and anti-narcotics attitude on the regulatory system concept.
Analysis of Pre-service Science Teachers' Digital Literacy Through Workshop of Optimization Microsoft Office Software Usage
Authors: Diniya Diniya , Permana P Niki Dian , Susilawati Susilawati , Nova Theresia Lidya , Ilhami Aldeva
Published: July 2020

The present study was carried out to analyze the digital literacy for pre-service natural science teachers through a workshop on optimizing the use of Microsoft office software. This study explored an experimental method with the one-group pretest-posttest design. The current research adopted 25 students as the pre-service natural science teachers in the Natural Sciences Study Program of the Tarbiyah and Teaching Faculty of the Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau State Islamic University. The data were collected through providing instruments of multiple-choice tests on the pretest and posttest, questionnaire, and interview to measure the improvement of digital literacy. To analyze the data, a technique to calculate the mean score of the normalized gain (N-gain) was performed. The findings disclosed that the mean score of N-gain digital literacy for pre-service natural science teachers was 0.70 with the high category. Based on results obtained in this line of research, it is therefore concluded that there was an improvement in the digital literacy for pre-service natural science teachers with high category through the workshop on optimizing the use of Microsoft Office software.
Bimbingan Emosional Mengembangkan Kemampuan Anak-Anak
Authors: Farida Farida
Published: July 2020

Children phase has a variety of potential ability to be optimized in order to undergo all development tasks in line with the maximum growth, so ready to enter the next phase, namely: teenagers, adults, elderly. Cognitive potential to solve problems in life, emotional potential to adapt to the environment, and the children potential psychomotor is able to realize what he was thinking and feeling fit the norm for a man who is always active “go-no” to independence responsible. Therefore, education and counseling is done by adults (especially parents) for children to grow up to be independent human beings and with all his typical late can be tried in the hope that always “successful”. Modeling, habituation, giving guidance to understand the characteristic of the child will be more effective. The trick is to give “free” experience and play while learning among friends. The conditions for children have needs besides socializing with family get ready to enter formal educational institutions and non-formal, and various ways to respect the diversity of the environment. Hence the need for the feeling to feel fulfilled in the guidance of emotional given to children to be able to manage the basic emotions (happy, sad, disgusted, angry, disappointed, and surprised) that is held to be a human being adaptable, motivated and self-esteem and self-concept positive. Due to the positive expression of emotion to motivate children to develop cognitive abilities and psychomotor personal-social and spiritual.
Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Karakter untuk Anak Usia Dini dalam Film “Adit & Sopo Jarwo”
Authors: Hidayatulloh M. Agung
Published: July 2020

This article explores the values of character education for early children in the film Adit & Sopo Jarwo. This qualitative descriptive study analyzes the contents of the four episodes that were randomly selected. The study found that the values of character education for early children based on four episodes of the film Adit & Sopo Jarwo are religious, hard working, independent, friendly and communicative, honest, social care, creative, discipline, honoring of achievement, and responsibility.
Urgensi Pendirian Lembaga Keuangan Syariah (LKS) Wakaf Sebagai Upaya Mereduksi Kesenjangan Ekonomi di Indonesia
Authors: Cahyadi Iwan Fahri
Published: July 2020

Development is the government's effort to open jobs, suppress unemployment and alleviate poverty. Nevertheless, it is not easy to realize that glorious intention. Therefore, the role of society is indispensable. Islam offers solutions through Waqf and the potential waqf in Indonesia is quite large. Nevertheless, the role of BWI and Sharia financial institutions in Indonesia is currently not maximal. The purpose of this research is (1). Provide concepts, ideas and ideas through the establishment of Sharia financial institution (LKS) Waqf, especially cash waqf so that it becomes more productive and can reduce the economic gap (2). How to empower fundraising and increase trust in cash Waqf LKS. The research methodology is qualitative phenomenology. The result of the research that the financial institution form of Sharia Waqf is approaching the pillars and the requirement of Waqf is Sharia venture capital with minimal modifications in its operations. Therefore, the duties of the government, DSN, BWI, MUI and Islamic experts to further formulate the institution so that the management of the potential Waqf funds can be assembled and more productive to be channeled to the community and SMES.
Korean Modification of the Nasal Provocation Test With House Dust Mite Antigen Following the EAACI Guidelines
Authors: Joo Soo Hyun , Hyun Ki Jong , Kim Young Hyo
Published: July 2020

Objectives. We evaluated the usefulness of the standardized nasal provocation test (NPT) protocol recently published by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) and compared the utility of several parameters for diagnosing allergic rhinitis (AR) caused by house dust mites (HDM). Subjective parameters were nasal and ocular symptoms measured using a visual analog scale (VAS), and objective parameters were peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF), minimal cross-sectional area (MCA), and total nasal volume (TNV).Methods. Before and after spraying Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP) allergen (1,000 AU/mL, 100 μL) into both nostrils of 13 patients with AR (AR group) and 22 patients with non-AR (NAR group), we used VAS scores to measure nasal symptoms (nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and itching) and ocular symptoms and assessed PNIF, MCA, and TNV.Results. The AR group had significantly worse symptoms than the NAR group 15 minutes after DP challenge (P<0.001). After 30 minutes, nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea remained worse in the AR group (P<0.001); a similar but less marked difference was seen for sneezing (P=0.012) and itching (P=0.039). Ocular symptoms, PNIF, MCA, and TNV differed between groups after both 15 and 30 minutes (P<0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was higher for nasal obstruction (0.977), rhinorrhea (0.906), and TNV (0.979) than for sneezing (0.755), itching (0.673), and MCA (0.836).Conclusion. NPT performed according to the EAACI guidelines could help diagnose AR caused by HDM. TNV and VAS changes in nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea had higher diagnostic accuracy than other parameters.
Upper-Extremity Reconstruction in Tetraplegia
Authors: Cantwell Sean Robert , Rhee Peter Charles
Published: July 2020

» Management of tetraplegia should be individualized to a patient’s particular deficiencies and functional goals.

» Surgical decision-making for upper-extremity reconstruction in patients with tetraplegia relies on a thorough physical examination to determine which nerves and muscles remain under volitional control with adequate strength for transfer.

» Peripheral nerve transfers, either in conjunction with or in place of traditional tendon transfers, enable providers to offer an expanded set of surgical options for patients with tetraplegia who are seeking upper-extremity reconstruction.

» All upper-extremity reconstructive efforts should be carefully considered with regard to their potential effects on the availability of future reconstructive efforts.
“DIFFERENT THOUGH THE SEXES ARE, THEY INTERMIX”: GENDER SHIFTS IN VIRGINIA WOOLF’S ORLANDO: A BIOGRAPHY
Authors: Kappke Nathalie de Souza , Maggio Sandra Sirangelo
Published: July 2020

The following article discusses how gender shifts are portrayed in the novel Orlando: A Biography (1928), by Virginia Woolf. Since the beginning of the novel, Orlando is presented as a very talented, unique creature, with a great aptitude for writing. Also, Orlando is depicted as an adaptable person, who shifts his behavior according to what is expected from him in different situations.  Besides, Orlando goes through sex change in the middle of the story. Accepting the fantastic happenings of the narrative as real, this work investigates which impact this transformation has in Orlando’s life. Examining the sex change and also the gender shifts the protagonist undergoes through ideas presented by Judith Butler in Gender Trouble (1990) and by Sandra Bem in the essays “Sex Typing and Androgyny: Further Explorations of the Expressive Domain” and “Sex Role Adaptability: The Consequence of Psychological Androgyny”, this research has identified that Orlando does not restrain theirself to only one gender, but waves through different genders. Thus, adapting themself to what is required in each situation.
TÓPICO DISCURSIVO E TABU COMUNICATIVO EM UM RELATO SHIPIBO-KONIBO
Authors: Barbosa Raphael , Rezende Renato
Published: July 2020

A comunicação verbal que, tradicionalmente, envolve a relação de parentesco entre sogro(a) e genro (denominados rayos na língua Shipibo-Konibo) não se realiza diretamente entre eles, mas somente por intermédio da filha/esposa correspondente. No presente trabalho, com foco na perspectiva textual e sociocognitiva interacional, analisamos esse aspecto comunicativo em um relato oral transcrito na gramática da língua, intitulada “Transitividade na Gramática Shipibo-Konibo” (VALENZUELA, 2003). Nos contextos de interação identificados no relato, examinamos se, e de que maneira, as estratégias de organização do tópico discursivo indicam a dinâmica deste aspecto interacional de distância/proximidade entre rayos. Para isso, descrevemos o quadro tópico, que consiste em representação de uma interação, e analisamos os processos de gestão tópica e referenciação, realizados pelos participantes do relato. Conforme os resultados, argumentamos que os processos de gestão tópica revelam a proximidade interacional dos sujeitos presentes nos contextos de interação. Assim, as representações das situações socioculturais no relato refletem contrastes dos contextos de interação do passado e do presente, o que indica prováveis mudanças nas relações sociointeracionais entre rayos.
O PAPEL DOS JOGOS ELETRÔNICOS NA AQUISIÇÃO DA LÍNGUA INGLESA
Authors: Silva Fernando Wagner da Costa , Toassi Pâmela Freitas Pereira
Published: July 2020

Cresce cada vez mais o número de pessoas engajadas em algum dos tipos de jogos eletrônicos, principalmente devido à possibilidade de acessá-los através dos smartphones, o que é muito comum entre pessoas de diferentes idades que têm como hábito algum tipo de jogo. Neste estudo, buscamos analisar a aplicabilidade dessa nova ferramenta na aprendizagem da língua inglesa, tentando identificar como os jogos eletrônicos podem contribuir para esse processo. Neste artigo, abordaremos a história dos jogos eletrônicos, sua evolução, conceito, características e usos, identificando os possíveis benefícios que esse hábito pode trazer para a aprendizagem de um novo idioma. Discutiremos como os jogos eletrônicos podem promover a aproximação do aluno à língua inglesa e apresentaremos o jogo Scribblenauts Unlimited como alternativa para essa abordagem. Analisaremos possibilidades de uso de jogos eletrônicos no contexto educacional, como uma ferramenta auxiliar no processo de ensino e aprendizagem da língua inglesa. Apresentaremos dados de uma pesquisa realizada com 46 pessoas que responderam a um questionário sobre o uso de jogos eletrônicos no processo de aquisição da língua inglesa, cujo resultado nos revelou que eles podem contribuir positivamente no processo de aquisição da língua inglesa, proporcionando a ampliação de vocabulário e desenvolvimento da habilidade de leitura. Por fim, ressaltaremos a relevância dessa ferramenta nos contextos social e educacional, abordando suas vantagens no uso cotidiano e incentivando o professor a incluir essa ferramenta em sala de aula.
Machine-learning reveals that Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotypes and anatomic disease site impacts drug resistance and disease transmission among patients with proven extra-pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Sibandze Doctor Busizwe , Magazi Beki Themba , Malinga Lesibana Anthony , Maningi Nontuthuko Excellent , Shey Bong Akee , Pasipanodya Jotam G , Mbelle Nontombi N
Published: July 2020

Background: There is a general dearth of information on extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). Here, we investigated Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) drug resistance and transmission patterns in EPTB patients treated in the Tshwane metropolitan area, in South Africa.Methods: Consecutive Mtb culture-positive non-pulmonary samples from unique EPTB patients underwent mycobacterial genotyping and were assigned to phylogenetic lineages and transmission clusters based on spoligotypes. MTBDRplus assay was used to search mutations for isoniazid and rifampin resistance. Machine learning algorithms were used to identify clinically meaningful patterns in data. We computed odds ratio (OR), attributable risk (AR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Of the 70 isolates examined, the largest cluster comprised 25 (36%) Mtb strains that belonged to the East Asian lineage. East Asian lineage was significantly more likely to occur within chains of transmission when compared to the Euro-American and East-African Indian lineages: OR= 10.11 (95% CI: 1.56-116). Lymphadenitis, meningitis and cutaneous TB, were significantly more likely to be associated with drug resistance: OR=12.69 (95% CI: 1.82-141.60) and AR = 0.25 (95% CI: 0.06-0.43) when compared with other EPTB sites, which suggests that poor rifampin penetration might be a contributing factor.Conclusions: The majority of Mtb strains circulating in the Tshwane metropolis belongs to East Asian, Euro-American and East-African Indian lineages. Each of these are likely to be clustered, suggesting on-going EPTB transmission. Since 25% of the drug resistance was attributable to sanctuary EPTB sites notorious for poor rifampin penetration, we hypothesize that poor anti-tuberculosis drug dosing might have a role in the development of resistance.
Navigating complexity of child abuse through intuition and evidence-based guidelines: a mix-methods study among child and youth healthcare practitioners
Authors: Erisman Jetske Charlotte , de Sabbata Kevin , Zuiderent-Jerak Teun , Syurina Elena V
Published: July 2020

Background: Dutch child and youth health care (CYHC) practitioners monitor and assess the well-being of children. One of their main concerns is identifying cases of child abuse, which is an arduous and sensitive task. In these contexts, CYHC-practitioners use both evidence-based guidelines aimed at increasing the quality of care through rationalised decision-making, and intuition. These two practices are seen as being at odds with each other, yet empirical research has shown that both are necessary in healthcare. This study aims to unravel how intuition is perceived and used by Dutch CYHC-practitioners when identifying and working with cases of child abuse, and how this relates to their evidence-based guidelines. Methods: A sequential exploratory mixed-methods design: in-depth semi-structured interviews with CYHC-physicians focused on perceptions on intuition, which were followed by a survey amongst CYHC-practitioners on the recognition and use of the concept. Results: The majority of CYHC-practitioners recognise and use intuition in their daily work, stating that it is necessary in their profession. CYHC-practitioners use intuition to 1) sense that something is ‘off’, 2) differentiate between ‘normal’ and ‘abnormal’, 3) assess risks, 4) weigh secondary information and 5) communicate with parents. At the same time, they warn of its dangers, as it may lead to ‘tunnel vision’ and false accusations. Conclusion: Intuition is experienced as an integral part of the work of CYHC-practitioners. It is understood as particularly useful in cases of child abuse, which are inherently complex, as signs and evidence of abuse are often hidden, subtle and unique in each case. CYHC-practitioners use intuition to manage and navigate this complexity. There is an opportunity for guidelines to support reflection and intuition as a ‘good care’ practice.
Explaining the impact of mHealth on maternal and child health care in low- and middle-income countries: A theory-driven scoping review
Authors: Kabongo Eveline Muika , Mukumbang Ferdinand , Delobelle Peter N/A , Nicol Edward N/A
Published: July 2020

Introduction Despite the growing global application of mobile health (mHealth) technology in maternal and child health, the contextual factors and mechanisms by which interventional outcomes are generated have not been subjected to extensive review. In this study, we sought to identify context, mechanisms and outcome elements from implementation and evaluation studies of mHealth interventions to formulate theories or models explicating how mHealth interventions work (or not) both for health care providers and for pregnant women and new mothers.Method An electronic search of six online databases (Medline, Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Academic Search Premier and Health Systems Evidence) was performed. Using appropriate MeSH terms and selection procedure, 32 articles were considered for analysis. A theory-driven approach, narrative synthesis, was applied to synthesise the data. Thematic content analysis was used to delineate the elements of the intervention, including its context, actors, mechanism and outcomes. Retroduction was applied to link these elements using a realist evaluation heuristic to form generative theories.Results Mechanisms that promote the implementation of mHealth by community health workers/health care providers include motivation, perceived skill and knowledge improvement, improved self-efficacy, improved confidence, improved relationship between community health workers and clients, perceived support of community health workers, perceived ease of use and usefulness of mHealth, For pregnant women and new mothers, mechanisms that trigger the uptake of mHealth and use of maternal and child health services included: perceived service satisfaction, perceived knowledge acquisition, support and confidence, improved self-efficacy, encouragement, empowerment and motivation. Information overload was identified as a potential negative mechanism for the uptake of maternal and child health services.Conclusion The models developed in this study provide a detailed understanding of the implementation and uptake of mHealth interventions and how they improve maternal and child health services in low and middle income countries. These models provide a foundation for the ‘white box’ or theory-driven evaluation of mHealth intervention and can improve the rollout and implementation where required.
An investigation of an anthrax outbreak in Makoni District, Zimbabwe
Authors: Makurumidze Richard , Tafara Gombe Notion , Tapuwa Magure , Tshimanga Mufuta
Published: July 2020

Background: In Zimbabwe, anthrax continues to be a disease of public health importance with sporadic outbreaks reported in many parts of the country annually. A human anthrax outbreak occurred in Makoni District Ward 22 and 23 between June 2013 and February 2014. The human anthrax outbreak followed cattle deaths in the wards, which were laboratory confirmed to be due to anthrax. We report the clinical characteristics, distribution of anthrax cases (places, person and time), risk factors for contracting the disease, environmental assessment, district preparedness and response and outbreak prevention and control measures.Methods: We conducted an outbreak investigation with the design of a 1:1 case-control study. Cases and controls were frequency matched against sex. Data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Environmental assessment, district preparedness and response and outbreak prevention and control measures were assessed using a checklist, observations and key informant interviews. Multivariable logic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors associated with contracting anthrax. Results: Of the 64 cases, 37 cases and 37 controls were interviewed. All the cases had cutaneous anthrax with the commonest site of eschar being the hand (43%). Most of the cases (89%) were managed according to national guidelines. On multivariable analysis, source of meat from other villagers [vs butchery, OR = 15.21, 95% CI (2.32-99.81)], skinning [OR = 4.32, 95% CI (1.25-14.94)] and belonging to a religion which permits eating meat from cattle slaughtered due to unknown illness or butchered after an unobserved death [OR = 6.12, 95% CI (1.28-29.37)] were associated with contracting anthrax. The district was poorly resourced and delayed to respond to the outbreak.Conclusion: The described anthrax outbreak resulted from contact and consumption of infected cattle meat. The district office response was delayed and was not prepared to control the outbreak. However, the outbreak was eventually controlled through cattle vaccination; health education and awareness campaigns. The district should strengthen its emergency preparedness and response capacity, revive zoonotic committees, conduct awareness campaign during the high-risk period and improve the surveillance of anthrax during high-risk periods.
Evaluation of a novel lower radiation computed tomography protocol for assessment of tunnel position post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: vasudeva varun , Key Stephen , Phillips Alfred , Kahane Steve , Stevens Joseph , Wall Chris , Gallie Price
Published: July 2020

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a common orthopaedic procedure. We developed a novel, low dose computed tomography (LDCT) protocol to assess tunnel position post-operatively. The effective radiation dose of this protocol is <0.5millisieverts (mSv), which is significantly less than the 2mSv dose for a conventional CT protocol. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of the LDCT protocol for determining tunnel position.Methods: Twenty-six patients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction were included in the study. A LDCT scan was performed six weeks post-operatively. Femoral and tibial tunnel positions were measured on three dimensional (3D) reconstructions using previously validated techniques. Measurements were performed independently by three observers at two time points, four weeks apart.Results: There was excellent intra- and inter-rater reliability for all measurements using the images obtained from the LDCT protocol. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) values were >0.9 for all measurements. Conclusions: The LDCT protocol described in this study accurately demonstrates femoral and tibial tunnels post ACL reconstruction, while exposing the patient to a quarter of the radiation dose of a conventional CT. This protocol could be used by orthopaedic surgeons for routine post-operative imaging, in place of plain film radiographs.
Seed characterization and early Nitrogen metabolism performance of seedlings from Altiplano and Coastal ecotypes of Quinoa
Authors: Pinto/Irish Katherine , Pena Teodoro Coba de la , Ostria-Gallardo Enrique , Ibanez Cristian , Briones Vilbett , Vergara Alexander , Alvarez Rodrigo , Castro Catalina , Sanhueza Carolina , Castro Patricio , Bascunan-Godoy Luisa
Published: July 2020

Background: Early seed germination and a functional root system development during establishment are crucial attributes contributing to nutrient competence under marginal nutrient soil conditions. Chenopodium quinoa Willd (Chenopodiaceae) is a rustic crop, able to grow in marginal areas. Altiplano and Coastal/Lowlands are two representative zones of quinoa cultivation in South America with contrasting soil fertility and edaphoclimatic conditions.In the present work, we hypothesize that the ecotypes of Quinoa from Altiplano (landrace Socaire) and from Coastal/Lowland (landrace Faro) have developed differential adaptive responses in order to survive under conditions of low availability of N in their respective climatic zones of Altiplano and Lowlands. In order to understand intrinsic differences for N competence between landraces, seed metabolite profile and germinative capacity were studied. Additionally, in order to elucidate the mechanisms of N uptake and assimilation at limiting N conditions during establishment, germinated seeds of both landraces were grown at either sufficient nitrate (HN) or low nitrate (LN) supply. We studied the photosynthetic performance, protein storage, root morphometrical parameters, activity and expression of N-assimilating enzymes, and the expression of nitrate transporters of roots in plants submitted to the different treatments.Results: Seeds from Socaire landrace presented higher content of free N-related metabolites and faster seed germination rate compared to Faro landrace. Seedlings of both ecotypes presented similar physiological performance at HN supply, but at LN supply their differences were exalted. At LN, Socaire plants showed an increased root biomass (including a higher number and total length of lateral roots), a differential regulation of a nitrate transporter (a NPF6.3-like homologue) belonging to the Low Affinity Transport System (LATS), and an upregulation of a nitrate transporter (a NRT2.1-like homologue) belonging to the High Affinity nitrate Transport System (HATS) compared to Faro. These responses as a whole could be linked to a higher amount of stored proteins in leaves, associated to an enhanced photochemical performance in Altiplano plants, in comparison to Lowland quinoa plants. Conclusions: These differential characteristics of Socaire over Faro plants could involve an adaptation to enhanced nitrate uptake under the brutal unfavorable climate conditions of Altiplano.
Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Endophthalmitis: Case Series and Review Literature
Authors: Pinitpuwadol Warinyupa , Tesavibul Nattaporn , Boonsophon Sutasinee , Sakiyalak Darin , Sarunket Sucheera , Choopong Pitipol
Published: July 2020

Background: To report three cases of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) endophthalmitis following multiple ocular surgeries and to review previous literature in order to study the clinical profile, treatment modalities, and visual outcomes among patients with NTM endophthalmitis.Methods: Clinical manifestation and management of patients with NTM endophthalmitis in the Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand were described. In addition, a review of previously reported cases and case series from MEDLINE was performed. The clinical information and type of NTM from the previous studies and our cases were summarized.Results: We reported three cases of NTM endophthalmitis caused by M. haemophilum, M. fortuitum and M. abscessus and a summarized review of 95 additional cases previously published. Of 98 patients, there were 85 exogenous endophthalmitis (86.7%) and 13 endogenous endophthalmitis (13.3%). The patients’ age ranged from 13 to 89 years with mean of 61.1±18.7 years with no gender predominance. Exogenous endophthalmitis occurred in both healthy and immunocompromised hosts, mainly caused by cataract surgery (62.4%). In contrast, almost all endogenous endophthalmitis patients were immunocompromised. Among all patients, previous history of tuberculosis infection was identified in 4 cases (4.1%). Rapid growing NTMs were responsible for exogenous endophthalmitis, while endogenous endophthalmitis were commonly caused by slow growers. Treatment regimens consisted of macrolides, fluoroquinolones or aminoglycosides, which were continued for up to 12 months. Initial and final vision were generally worse than 6/60.Conclusions: NTM endophthalmitis is a serious intraocular infection that leads to irreversible loss of vision. The presentation can mimic a chronic recurrent or persistent intraocular inflammation. History of multiple intraocular surgeries or immune-deficiency in patient with chronic panuveitis should raise the practioner’s suspicion of NTM endophthalmitis. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment are important to optimize visual outcome.
Inferring the votes in a new political landscape. The case of the 2019 Spanish Presidential elections.
Authors: Grimaldi Didier , Diaz Javier , Arboleda Hugo
Published: July 2020

The avalanche of personal and social data circulating in Online Social Networks over the past 10 years has attracted a great deal of interest from Scholars and Practitioners who seek to analyse not only their value, but also their limits. Predicting election results using Twitter data is an example of how data can directly influence the politic domain and it also serves an appealing research topic. This article aims to predict the results of the 2019 Spanish Presidential election and the voting share of each candidate, using Tweeter. The method combines sentiment analysis and volume information and compares the performance of five Machine Learning algorithms. Several data scrutiny uncertainties arose that hindered the prediction of the outcome. Consequently, the method develops a political lexicon-based framework to measure the sentiments of online users. Indeed, an accurate understanding of the contextual content of the tweets posted was vital in this work. Our results correctly ranked the candidates and determined the winner by means of a better prediction of votes than official research institutes.
iNOS is not responsible for nitrosylation of RyR1 in mdx mice with truncated dystrophin
Authors: Nogami Ken'ichiro , Maruyama Yusuke , Elhussieny Ahmed , Sakai-Takemura Fusako , Tanihata Jun , Kira Jun-ichi , Miyagoe-Suzuki Yuko , Takeda Shin'ichi
Published: July 2020

Background: Previous research indicated that nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is the key molecule for S-nitrosylation of ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1) in DMD model mice (mdx mice) and that both neuronal NOS (nNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) might contribute to the reaction because nNOS is mislocalized in the cytoplasm and iNOS expression is higher in mdx mice. We investigated the effect of iNOS on RyR1 S-nitrosylation in mdx mice and whether transgenic expression of truncated dystrophin reduced iNOS expression in mdx mice or not.Methods: Three- to 4-month-old C57BL/6J, mdx, and transgenic mdx mice expressing exon 45-55-deleted human dystrophin (Tg/mdx mice) were used. We also generated two double mutant mice, mdx iNOS KO and Tg/mdx iNOS KO to reveal the iNOS contribution to RyR1 S-nitrosylation. nNOS and iNOS expression levels in skeletal muscle of these mice were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), qRT-PCR, and Western blotting. Total NOS activity was measured by a citrulline assay. A biotin-switch method was used for detection of RyR1 S-nitrosylation. Statistical differences were assessed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey-Kramer post-hoc analysis.Results: mdx and mdx iNOS KO mice showed the same level of RyR1 S-nitrosylation. Total NOS activity was not changed in mdx iNOS KO mice compared with mdx mice. iNOS expression was undetectable in Tg/mdx mice expressing exon 45-55-deleted human dystrophin, but the level of RyR1 S-nitrosylation was the same in mdx and Tg/mdx mice.Conclusion: Similar levels of RyR1 S-nitrosylation and total NOS activity in mdx and mdx iNOS KO demonstrated that the proportion of iNOS in total NOS activity was low, even in mdx mice. Exon 45-55-deleted dystrophin reduced the expression level of iNOS, but it did not correct the RyR1 S-nitrosylation. These results indicate that iNOS was not involved in RyR1 S-nitrosylation in mdx and Tg/mdx mice muscles.
HTLV screening of blood donors using chemiluminescence immunoassay in three major provincial blood centers of China
Authors: Zhao Junpeng , Zhao Feixue , Han Wei , Xu Xiaoxuan , Wang Lilin , Li Ran , Li Tong , Wu Linfeng , Du Dandan , Zeng Xuezhen , Cui Xiujuan , Chen Yunlong , Zeng Jinfeng , Wang Lunan
Published: July 2020

Background: Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) remains a major safety concern for blood supplies. Despite many HTLV positive cases being reported in southeastern China, the detection of HTLV has not been prioritized in routine blood screening. Additionally, data on the prevalence of HTLV infection among blood donors is also limited.Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HTLV among blood donors in three Chinese provinces through their representative blood centers, to evaluate the feasibility of chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) for blood screening.Methods: From November 2018 to March 2019, blood plasma samples were collected from Hebei, Changsha, and Shenzhen blood centers and were screened for the HTLV-1/2 antibody using a CLIA and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This was followed by confirmatory tests using INNO-LIA HTLV I/II.Results: A total of 59,929 blood donations were collected and screened for HTLV-1/2. The reactive rate of CLIA and ELISA among donations in the Shenzhen blood center (0.0943%, 27/28, 621) was higher than Hebei (0.0248%, 4/16,144), and Changsha (0.0198%, 3/15,164) (p < 0.05). After confirmation, 3 samples were confirmed as indeterminate for HTLV antibodies, and only one sample from the Shenzhen blood center was confirmed as HTLV-1. The overall prevalence of HTLV-1/2 was 1.67 per 100 000 (1/59 929). The HTLV-infected blood came from a 32-year-old first-time female donor with a high school degree, who belonged to the SHE ethnic minority and was born in the Fujian province.Conclusion: In summary, the overall prevalence of HTLV-1/2 among blood donors in the three blood centers in China remains relatively low. However, blood donations with positive or indeterminate results for HTLV antibodies reminded us of the importance of HTLV screening among blood donors in China.
Variability and Change Over Time of Weight and BMI Among Adolescents and Adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome: A 6-month text-based observational study
Authors: Vrana-Diaz Caroline , Balasubramanian Priya , Kayadjanian Nathalie , Bohonowych Jessica , Strong Theresa V.
Published: July 2020

Background: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder in which hyperphagia (excessive appetite) is a hallmark feature. Understanding how weight changes over time in this population is important for capturing the contemporary natural history of the disorder as well as assessing the impact of new treatments for hyperphagia. Therefore, we aimed to determine the feasibility of a remote assessment of weight change over time in PWS. Methods: We developed a text message-based, prospective cohort study of adolescents and adults with PWS to assess changes in weight and body mass index (BMI) over a six-month period. Weight was collected weekly, while changes in height, living situation, access to food, activity level, and medication were collected at three-month intervals. Results: One hundred and sixty-five participants enrolled in the study, with a mean age of 19.7 years (range 12 - 48). There was considerable variability in weight across participants (range: 76.8 – 207.7 kg). Thirty-three percent of the participants were normal weight, while 15% were overweight and 52% were obese. Overall, the weight of the study participants increased over the study period (mean weight change +2.35%), while BMI was relatively stable, albeit high (mean BMI of 31.4 at baseline, mean BMI percent change + 1.42%). Changes in living situation, activity, food access, and medication had limited impact on weight and BMI changes. Multivariable analysis found that time, sex, age, and percentage of life on growth hormone (GH) therapy were statistically significant fixed effects. Participants submitted more than 95% of possible weight data points across the 26 weeks of the study. Conclusions: This remote, observational study of weight change in PWS showed small increases in weight and BMI over a six-month period. Participants were highly compliant with this text message-based study, suggesting that mobile technology-based data collection was manageable for the participants. We anticipate that the results of this study will inform clinical trials for hyperphagia/obesity related therapies in PWS and provide a basis for understanding the efficacy of new therapies for hyperphagia in the real-world setting.
Fabrication and electrical characteristics of flash-sintered SiO2-doped ZnO-Bi2O3-MnO2 varistors
Authors: Peng Pai , Deng Yujun , Niu Jingpeng , Shi Liyi , Mei Yunzhu , Du Sanming , Liu Juan , XU Dong
Published: July 2020

The dense ZnO-Bi2O3-MnO2-xSiO2 (ZBMS) varistors for x= 0, 1, 2, 3 wt.% were fabricated by flash sintering method under the low temperature of 850 ℃ within 2 minutes. The sample temperature was estimated by a black body radiation model in the flash sintering process. The crystalline phase assemblage, density, microstructure, and electrical characteristics of the flash-sintered ZBMS varistors with different SiO2 doped content were investigated. According to the XRD analysis, many secondary phases were detected due to the SiO2 doping. Meanwhile, the average grain size decrease with increasing SiO2-doped content. The improved nonlinear characteristics were obtained in SiO2-doped samples, which can be attributed to the ion migration and oxygen absorption induced by the doped SiO2. The flash-sintered ZBMS varistor ceramics for x=2 wt.% exhibited excellent comprehensive electrical properties, with the nonlinear coefficient of 24.5, the threshold voltage and leakage current of 385 V×mm-1 and 11.8 µA, respectively.
Indocyanine Green Fluorescence-guided intraoperative detection of peritoneal carcinomatosis: systematic review.
Authors: Baiocchi Gian Luca , Gheza Federico , Molfino Sarah , Arru Luca , Vaira Marco , Giacopuzzi Simone
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND. To review the available clinical data about the value of Indocyanine Green (ICG) fluorescence imaging for intraoperative detection of peritoneal carcinomatosis. METHODS. We conducted a systematic review, according to the PRISMA guidelines, for clinical series investigating the possible role of ICG fluorescence imaging in detecting peritoneal carcinomatosis during surgical treatment of abdominal malignancies. With the aim to analyze actual application in the daily clinical practice, papers including trials with fluorophores other than ICG, in vitro and animals series were excluded. Data on patients and cancer features, timing, dose and modality of ICG administration, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of fluorescence diagnosis of peritoneal nodules were extracted and analyzed. RESULTS. Out of 192 screened papers, we finally retrieved 7 series reporting ICG-guided detection of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Two papers reported the same cases, thus only 6 series were analyzed, for a total of 71 patients and 353 peritoneal nodules. The investigated tumors were colorectal carcinomas in 28 cases, hepatocellular carcinoma in 16 cases, ovarian cancer in 26 cases and endometrial cancer in 1 case. In all but 4 cases, the clinical setting was an elective intervention in patients known as having peritoneal carcinomatosis. No series reported a laparoscopic procedure. Technical data of ICG management were consistent across the studies. Overall, 353 lesions were harvested and singularly evaluated. Sensitivity varied from 72.4% to 100%, specificity from 54.2% to 100%. Two series reported that planned intervention changed in 25% and 29% of patients, respectively. CONCLUSION. Indocyanine Green based fluorescence of peritoneal carcinomatosis is a promising intraoperative tool for detection and characterization of peritoneal nodules in patients with colorectal, hepatocellular, ovarian carcinomas. Further prospective studies are needed to fix its actual diagnostic value on these and other abdominal malignancies with frequent spread to peritoneum.
In vivo length change of ligaments of normal knees during dynamic high flexion
Authors: Kono Kenichi , Konda Shoji , Yamazaki Takaharu , Tanaka Sakae , Sugamoto Kazuomi , Tomita Tetsuya
Published: July 2020

Background Few studies compared the length change of ligaments of normal knees during dynamic activities of daily living. The aim of this study was to investigate in vivo length change of ligaments of the normal knees during high flexion. Methods Eight normal knees were investigated. Each volunteer performed squatting, kneeling, and cross-leg motions. Each sequential motion was performed under fluoroscopic surveillance in the sagittal plane. The femoral, tibial, and fibular attachment areas of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), deep medial collateral ligament (dMCL), superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL), and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) were determined according to osseous landmarks. After 2D/3D registration, the direct distance from the femoral attachment to the tibial or fibular attachment was measured as the ligament length. Results From 20° to 90° with flexion, the ACL was significantly shorter during cross-leg motion than during squatting. For the PCL, dMCL, sMCL, and LCL, there were no significant differences among the 3 motions. Conclusion The ACL was shorter during cross-leg motion than during squatting in mid-flexion. This suggests that the ACL is looser during cross-leg motion than during squatting. On the other hand, the length change of the PCL, MCL, and LCL did not change even though the high flexion motions were different.
Association of MTHFR C677T polymorphism with severity and localization of chronic atrophic gastritis patients without Helicobacter pylori infection : a case control study
Authors: Kong Siya , Ye Feng , Dang Yini , Hua Yifei , Zhang Guoxin
Published: July 2020

Background: Previous reports indicate that the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C>T polymorphism plays a role in gastric cancer. However, whether it influences the development and progression of atrophic gastritis remains unclear. We aimed to determine the possible association between the MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism and the severity of atrophic gastritis.Methods: A total 128 patients without Helicobacter pylori infection were included in the study. The presence and severity of gastric atrophy was assessed by histology using OLGA and OLGIM Gastritis Staging System. MTHFR 677C>T genotyping was performed by digital fluorescence molecular hybridization. Categorical variables were analyzed by percentages using the χ2 test.Results: In this study, the TT genotype was significantly more frequent among Helicobacter pylori-negative patients aged ≤44 years (age ≤44 years vs. >44 years, P=0.039). Patients with the TT genotype showed a higher ratio of incisura with atrophy or intestinal metaplasia (TT vs. CC+CT, P=0.02). Furthermore, the TT genotype was associated with more severe lesions compared with the CC+CT genotypes (TT vs. CC+CT for atrophy: P=0.07; for intestinal metaplasia: P=0.01; for moderate-to-severe lesions: P=0.01). OLGA and OLGIM stages III-IV were observed more frequently in patients with the TT genotype compared with the CC+CT genotypes (for OLGA: P=0.003; for OLGIM: P=0.036).Conclusions: The MTHFR 677C>T TT genotype showed an increased risk of moderate-to-severe lesions by OLGA and OLGIM stages, and these results suggest that the MTHFR C677T polymorphism may serve as a predictive marker for precancerous gastric lesions, especially in Helicobacter pylori-negative patients aged ≤44 years.