bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and Influencing Factors of Sustainable Development Capability of Agriculture in Countries along the Belt and Road Route
Authors: Li Minjie , Wang Jian , Chen Yihui
Published: April 2019

Agriculture is increasingly facing major challenges such as climate change, scarcity of natural resources, and changing societal demands. To tackle these challenges, there is a pressing need to evolve towards more sustainable agricultural practices. As a result, sustainability stands among the most relevant topics in agricultural research worldwide, and countries along the Belt and Road (B&R) route are no exception. This paper selected 25 indicators from the five subsystems of population, society, economy, environment, and resources in order to build an evaluation index system of agricultural sustainable development capability, and then it used an improved entropy weight method, technique for ordering preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS), and coordination degree method to measure the comprehensive capability and coordination of agricultural sustainable development of all countries along the B&R route from 2006 to 2015. First, according to the time dimension, the comprehensive score of sustainable development capability of agriculture along the B&R route: This had an average annual score of 0.3195 which initially decreased, then increased in a fluctuating manner, before finally falling again. Second, according to the spatial dimension, the average comprehensive score of agricultural sustainable development capability showed an evolutionary trend of ‘high–low–high–low–high’ from west to east, which showed an obvious basic spatial pattern of the ‘W’ type. Third, from the perspective of the subsystems of agriculture, although the coordination degree among subsystems in the main grain-producing areas increased continually from 2006 to 2015, the overall level of development needed to be further improved. In order to further clarify the main factors affecting the capability of agricultural sustainable development, this paper selected six explanatory variables: The level of economic development, financial expenditure for agriculture, agricultural foreign direct investment, agricultural labor force, the intensity of agricultural R&D investment, and the level of agricultural informatization. Then, geographically and temporally weighted regression was applied to evaluate the direction and degree of influences of selected factors on sustainability development capability of agriculture. The results showed that the regression coefficients of each variable in 53 countries were positive or negative, which indicated that the influencing factors of agricultural sustainable development capacity had the characteristics of geospatial nonstationarity.
Bringing Technology into Social-Ecological Systems Research—Motivations for a Socio-Technical-Ecological Systems Approach
Authors: Ahlborg Helene , Ruiz-Mercado Ilse , Molander Sverker , Masera Omar
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this synthesis paper is to present the motivations and conceptual basis for research on socio-technical-ecological systems (STES), addressing the need for interdisciplinary studies targeting the technological mediation of human–environment relationships. The background is the very limited number of collaborations between scholars of social-ecological systems and sociotechnical systems (SES), despite repeated calls for bridging work. The synthesis builds on an in-depth review of previous literature, interdisciplinary exchanges, and empirical examples. The result is arguments for why a sociotechnical understanding of ‘technology’ is of central importance for SES studies, related to how technology: (1) mediates human–environment relationships; (2) brings ambivalence to these relationships; (3) enhances and transforms human agency and provides a source of constitutive power; (4) changes scalar relationships, enabling our interaction with and impact on the natural world across time and space. Furthermore, we present an STES analytical approach which starts from symmetrical attention to technology, society, and environment, specifically targeting interfaces and relationships of critical relevance for SES scholars, and address counterarguments that we have encountered. We conclude that a shift to STES research will enhance our knowledge of system interfaces that are often overlooked, opening further avenues for research and real-world interventions.
An Empirical Analysis of Bitcoin Price Jump Risk
Authors: Kang Naeyoung , Kim Jungmu
Published: April 2019

Given that there are both continuous and discontinuous components in the movement of asset prices, existing asset pricing models that assume only continuous price movements should be revised. In this paper, we explore the features of jumps, which are discontinuous movements, by examining Bitcoin pricing. First, we identify jumps in the Bitcoin price on a daily basis, applying a non-parametric methodology and then break down the Bitcoin total rate of return into a jump rate of return and a continuous rate of return. In our empirical analysis, price jumps turn out to be independent of volatility. Moreover, the jumps in the Bitcoin price do not appear at regular intervals; rather, they tend to be concentrated in clusters during special periods, implying that once an economic crisis occurs, the crisis will last for a long time due to contagion effects and the economy will take a considerable amount of time to recover fully. Further, the contribution of the jump rate of return to the total rate of return of the Bitcoin price is lower than the contribution of the continuous return, implying that the pursuit of sustainable returns rather than large but temporary returns will improve the total rate of return over the long term. Finally, more jumps are observed when trading volume is lower, implying that market illiquidity drives discontinuous movement in asset prices. Overall, the features of jump risk are like two sides of the same coin and jump risks are expected to have a significant effect on asset pricing, suggesting that consideration of jumps is essential for risk management as well as asset pricing.
Towards a Neutral North—The Urban Low Carbon Transitions of Akureyri, Iceland
Authors: Kristjansdottir Rakel , Busch Henner
Published: April 2019

Climate change has made urban decarbonisation a global imperative. Cities are both a source of emissions and a leverage-point for the necessary transformation processes. Iceland is blessed with an ample supply of renewable energy sources. Hydropower and geothermal are widespread in the country and they dominate the country’s electricity and district heating systems. Despite this huge potential, per capita emissions in Iceland are still way above levels required to meet the 2 degrees target. This is because decarbonisation processes have, so far, fallen short of addressing emissions from sectors such as waste and transportation. Against this background, this paper investigates the low carbon transition in the northern Icelandic municipality of Akureyri. With roughly 18,000 inhabitants, the town of Akureyri is the biggest urban centre in the north of the country. Here, a number of key actors have initiated an ambitious urban transformation process of local carbon flows. Based on 19 semi-structured interviews, we analysed the role of key actors and their resources and strategies. To better explore the transition’s underlying mechanisms, we analysed the dynamics through the lens of the multi-level perspective (MLP), applied in a descriptive context. We found that a key factor for success of the urban transition was a strategy that integrated several previously disconnected carbon flows of the community. Important success factors were close community connections, public-private partnerships, the enthusiasm of multiple individuals who drove the process, the establishment of a strong intermediary organisation, and stable political support. The case can teach us about the challenges of transitions that integrate disconnected carbon flows in an urban context. Furthermore, it provides valuable findings on the role intermediary organisations play in these processes.
Innovative Policy Schemes to Promote Renovation of Multi-Flat Residential Buildings and Address the Problems of Energy Poverty of Aging Societies in Former Socialist Countries
Authors: Streimikiene Dalia , Balezentis Tomas
Published: April 2019

In former socialist countries, urban districts having the lowest building and insulation quality and the highest district heat consumption overlap with low-income and older households, creating a problem of energy poverty and a significant barrier to renovation of multi-flat buildings. Thus, the main challenge centers on fuel poverty in an aging society. This paper analyzes the main barriers to renovation of multi-flat buildings and assesses policies and measures to promote renovation of multi-flat buildings in terms of overcoming these barriers in former socialist countries which are currently EU Member States. Furthermore, it presents a new conceptual framework for developing innovative policies and schemes to promote renovation of multi-flat buildings in the face of the renovation barriers outlined above. The Energy Company Obligation (ECO) model or on-bill financing models can be modified and applied to renovation of multi-flat buildings, based on the UK example. Higher payments for utility bills can be shared among households living in multi-flat buildings that require renovation. As in the case of subsidies for communal services, life-line tariffs can be applied to pay for Energy Company Obligation services. This enables sharing the costs of renovation among apartment owners having different incomes and addresses the principle of social justice.
Do Hierarchical Jumps in CEO Succession Invigorate Innovation? Evidence from Chinese Economy
Authors: Sarfraz Muddassar , Qun Wang , Shah Syed Ghulam Meran , Fareed Zeeshan
Published: April 2019

The objective of this study is to analyze Chief executive officer (CEO) succession via hierarchical jumps in Chinese listed firms which orientate towards innovative activity. Good corporate governance is a vehicle to attain the competitive advantage which ultimately makes the organizational sustainability undeterred. The current study will test not only low hierarchical jumps but also medium hierarchical jumps in CEO succession. The study will identify the relationship between specific attributes like education, age and the duality of CEO successors via hierarchical jumps with innovation. We have analysed the data of Chinese listed firms on Shenzhen and Shanghai stock exchanges for the years 2012–2016. Significantly, it has been observed that CEO successors via hierarchical jumps orientate towards innovative activity amongst Chinese listed firms. Conclusively, empirical results have unveiled that hierarchical CEO succession escalates the firms’ innovation. It has also been contemplated that not only the low hierarchical jumps but also medium hierarchical jumps in CEO succession invigorate the organizational innovation. Mature firms with a substantial return on assets or earning per share and having less loan burden concentrate on innovative activity decisively. It has been demonstrated that specific attributes like education, age and the duality of hierarchical CEO successors have no relationship with innovation. The study results are robust via confirmation of 2SLS instrumental regression.
A Field Method for Landscape Conservation Surveying: The Landscape Assessment Protocol (LAP)
Authors: Vlami Vassiliki , Zogaris Stamatis , Djuma Hakan , Kokkoris Ioannis , Kehayias George , Dimopoulos Panayotis
Published: April 2019

We introduce a field survey method to assess the conservation condition of landscapes. Using a popular rapid assessment format, this study defines observable “stressed states” identified through the use of general metrics to gauge landscape degradation. Fifteen metrics within six thematic categories were selected through a literature review and extensive field trials. Field tests on the Greek island of Samothraki show a strong correlation between a single expert’s scores and five assessor’s scores at 35 landscape sites. Only three of the metrics did not maintain a high consistency among assessors; however, this is explained by the difficulty of interpreting certain anthropogenic stressors (such as livestock grazing) in Mediterranean semi-natural landscapes with culturally-modified vegetation patterns. The protocol and proposed index, with five conservation condition classes, identified areas of excellent and good quality, and reliably distinguished the most degraded landscape conditions on the island. Uncertainties and difficulties of the index are investigated, and further research and validation are proposed. The protocol effectively goes beyond a traditional visual aesthetic assessment; it can be used both by experts and non-scientists as a conservation-relevant multi-disciplinary procedure to support a holistic landscape diagnosis. The combination of an on-site experiential survey and its simple integrative format may be useful as a screening-level index, and for promoting local participation, landscape literacy and educational initiatives.
The Extended Minimax Disparity RIM Quantifier Problem
Authors: Hong Dug Hun
Published: April 2019

An interesting regular increasing monotone (RIM) quantifier problem is investigated. Amin and Emrouznejad [Computers & Industrial Engineering 50(2006) 312–316] have introduced the extended minimax disparity OWA operator problem to determine the OWA operator weights. In this paper, we propose a corresponding continuous extension of an extended minimax disparity OWA model, which is the extended minimax disparity RIM quantifier problem, under the given orness level and prove it analytically.
Simple Additive Weighting Method Equipped with Fuzzy Ranking of Evaluated Alternatives
Authors: Piasecki Krzysztof , Roszkowska Ewa , Łyczkowska-Hanćkowiak Anna
Published: April 2019

From the perspective of each evaluation criterion, any decision alternative is evaluated by means of trapezoidal ordered fuzzy numbers (TrOFN). This approach is justified in the way that some criteria are linguistically evaluated. In this paper, decision alternatives are evaluated using oriented fuzzy Simple Additive Weighting (OF-SAW) scoring function. The ranking of alternatives may be defined by means of a nonincreasing sequence of defuzzified values of a scoring function. Any defuzzification procedure distorts ordered fuzzy numbers in a way that information on imprecision and orientation is lost. This undermines the credibility of the determined alternatives’ ranking. The main purpose of this paper is to avoid the defuzzification stage in the OF-SAW method. Thus, the OF-SAW method is equipped with fuzzy scoring order. This OF-SAW method is described as a negotiation scoring system. We study an empirical example of the OF-SAW application and rank some negotiation offers. Here, we focus on the effects of replacing the defuzzified scoring function by a fuzzy one. The obtained conclusions are generalized for the case of any decision alternatives.
Simplified Neutrosophic Exponential Similarity Measures for Evaluation of Smart Port Development
Authors: Chen Jihong , Xue Kai , Ye Jun , Huang Tiancun , Tian Yan , Hua Chengying , Zhu Yuhua
Published: April 2019

Smart ports represent the current trend of port development. Intelligent operations reduce the daily production cost of ports, facilitate efficient production, strengthen the risk mitigation ability and comply with the requirements for long-term development. However, a systematic and scientific smart port evaluation method is missing to nail down the evaluation indicators of a smart port and enable accurate evaluation of a port’s degree of intelligence. This paper analyzes the concept of the smart port, establishes a set of smart port evaluation indicator systems, and applies a single-valued neutrosophic exponential similarity measure to port evaluation to enable quantitative evaluation of port integrity. This evaluation method is capable of decision-making in the event of incomplete, uncertain, and inconsistent information during general evaluation, opening up a new method for smart port evaluation, and acting as a helpful tool for ports to carry out improvements during actual application.
Maze Terrain Authoring System in Immersive Virtual Reality for New Visual Realism
Authors: Kim Jinmo
Published: April 2019

This paper proposes a maze terrain authoring system with which a user can automatically calculate various and complex maze patterns to compose maze terrains in an easier and more intuitive structure. Using the maze terrain information calculated by using the proposed authoring system, a 3D maze terrain is generated quickly and effectively, and through this, the user’s visual realism in an immersive virtual reality is increased to provide a new presence. The proposed maze terrain authoring system consists of three core functions: a function that automatically generates a grid maze of various sizes and patterns based on a maze generation algorithm; a function that calculates a circular maze in an intuitive structure; and a function that transforms a sketch-based maze by using an image-processing algorithm. Through the authoring system consisting of these functions, various maze terrains from uniform mazes to irregular mazes can be generated effectively. This study produces maze terrains of various concepts directly by using maze information calculated through the authoring system. In addition, through experiments, this study analyzes the efficiency in an immersive virtual reality and the presence through visual realism. In this process, the suitability of the authoring system is also analyzed in combination with a survey.
A Case Study of Fishbone Sequential Diagram Application and ADREP Taxonomy Codification in Conventional ATM Incident Investigation
Authors: Liang Cheng Schon Z.Y. , Arnaldo Valdés Rosa María , Gómez Comendador Victor Fernando , Sáez Nieto Francisco Javier
Published: April 2019

This paper aims to present the application of a fishbone sequential diagram in air traffic management (ATM) incident investigations performing as a key connection between safety occurrence analysis methodology (SOAM) and accident/incident data reporting (ADREP) approaches. SOAM analysis is focused on organizational cause detection; nevertheless, this detection of individual causes from a complete incident scenario presents a complex analysis, and even more, the chronological relationship between causes, which is lacking in SOAM, should be tracked for post-investigation analysis. The conventional fishbone diagram is useful for failure cause classification; however, we consider that this technique can also show its potential to establish temporal dependencies between causes, which are categorized and registered with ADREP taxonomy for future database creation. A loss of separation incident that occurred in the Edmonton area (Canada) is used as a case study to illustrate this methodology as well as the whole analysis process.
Solving the Gap Equation of the NJL Model through Iterations: Unexpected Chaos
Authors: Martínez Angelo , Raya Alfredo
Published: April 2019

We explore the behavior of the iterative procedure to obtain the solution to the gap equation of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NLJ) model for arbitrarily large values of the coupling constant and in the presence of a magnetic field and a thermal bath. We find that the iterative procedure shows a different behavior depending on the regularization scheme used. It is stable and very accurate when a hard cut-off is employed. Nevertheless, for the Paul-Villars and proper time regularization schemes, there exists a value of the coupling constant (different in each case) from where the procedure becomes chaotic and does not converge any longer.
A Natural Variation of Fumonisin Gene Cluster Associated with Fumonisin Production Difference in Fusarium fujikuroi
Authors: Sultana Sharmin , Kitajima Miha , Kobayashi Hironori , Nakagawa Hiroyuki , Shimizu Masafumi , Kageyama Koji , Suga Haruhisa
Published: April 2019

Fusarium fujikuroi, a member of the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex, stands out as a rice bakanae disease pathogen with a high production of gibberellic acid. Not all, but some F. fujikuroi strains are known to produce a carcinogenic mycotoxin fumonisin. Fumonisin biosynthesis is dependent on the FUM cluster composed of 16 FUM genes. The FUM cluster was detected not only from a fumonisin producing strain, but also from a fumonisin nonproducing strain that does not produce a detectable level of fumonisin. Genetic mapping indicated the causative mutation(s) of fumonisin nonproduction is present in the FUM cluster of the fumonisin nonproducing strain. Comparative analyses of FUM genes between the fumonisin producing and the nonproducing strains and gene complementation indicated that causative mutation of fumonisin nonproduction is not a single occurrence and the mutations are distributed in FUM21 and FUM7. Our research revealed a natural variation in the FUM cluster involving fumonisin production difference in F. fujikuroi.
The Exact Groundwater Divide on Water Table between Two Rivers: A Fundamental Model Investigation
Authors: Han Peng-Fei , Wang Xu-Sheng , Wan Li , Jiang Xiao-Wei , Hu Fu-Sheng
Published: April 2019

The groundwater divide within a plane has long been delineated as a water table ridge composed of the local top points of a water table. This definition has not been examined well for river basins. We developed a fundamental model of a two-dimensional unsaturated–saturated flow in a profile between two rivers. The exact groundwater divide can be identified from the boundary between two local flow systems and compared with the top of a water table. It is closer to the river of a higher water level than the top of a water table. The catchment area would be overestimated (up to ~50%) for a high river and underestimated (up to ~15%) for a low river by using the top of the water table. Furthermore, a pass-through flow from one river to another would be developed below two local flow systems when the groundwater divide is significantly close to a high river.
Insuring Water Supply in Irrigated Agriculture: A Proposal for Hydrological Drought Index-Based Insurance in Spain
Authors: Guerrero-Baena M. Dolores , Gómez-Limón José A.
Published: April 2019

In Mediterranean-climate regions, irrigated agriculture is especially vulnerable to the risk of hydrological drought and irrigators are particularly concerned about its negative effects. During a hydrological drought episode, irrigators receive insufficient water to meet their crops’ water needs, giving rise to the so-called ‘water supply gap’. In such circumstances, agricultural production and irrigators’ incomes are considerably reduced. In order to minimize the negative effects associated with water supply gaps, a new index-based drought insurance scheme for irrigation is proposed, linked to the variable ‘stock of water available in reservoirs’. The proposal, although tailored to Spain, could be easily adapted to other countries or regions because the features of hydrological drought risk are similar worldwide. It is expected that the proposed scheme will improve drought risk management in irrigated agriculture, stabilizing irrigators’ incomes and guaranteeing the sustainability of irrigated agriculture in the face of global change.
Estimation of Hydrologic Alteration in Kaligandaki River Using Representative Hydrologic Indices
Authors: Yuqin Gao , Pandey Kamal Prasad , Huang Xianfeng , Suwal Naresh , Bhattarai Khem Prasad
Published: April 2019

Anthropogenic activities have led to the transformation of river basins and natural flow alteration around the world. Alteration in flow regimes have adverse effects on river ecosystems. Flow value changes signify the alteration extent and a number of flow related indices can be used to assess the extent of alteration in a river ecosystem. Selection of a few and ecologically relevant indices from a large set of available indices is a daunting task. Principal Component Analysis helps to reduce these large indices to a few ecologically significant indices and removes statistical redundancy of data to give uncorrelated data sets. These representative indices are useful in the primary investigation of a less studied area like the Kaligandaki River basin, Nepal. This paper uses reduced indices from the Kaligandaki River to calculate the alteration on the river section downstream of a hydropower facility using the Histogram Comparison Approach (HCA) combined with Hydrologic Year Types (HYT). The combined approach eliminates the potential underestimation of alteration values which may occur due to the exemption of hydrologic year types from the analysis, a feature equally relevant in river ecology. A new metric is used for the calculation of combined alteration using HCA-HYT in this paper. The analysis showed 60.71 percent alteration in the natural flow regime in the area past a hydropower construction, which is classified in the high alteration category. The study can be a guide for further analysis of the ecological flow management of a river section and a parsimonious approach to other areas where hydrological data is limited to historical flow records only.
Hydrogeochemical Evaluation of Groundwater and Its Suitability for Domestic Uses in Halabja Saidsadiq Basin, Iraq
Authors: Abdullah Twana O. , Ali Salahalddin S. , Al-Ansari Nadhir A. , Knutsson Sven
Published: April 2019

Evaluation of the hydrogeochemical characteristics and groundwater suitability for domestic use was conducted in the Halabja Saidsadiq Basin in the northeastern part of Iraq. The total studied area is about 1278 km2 with a specific Mediterranean-type continental interior climate, which is cold in winter and hot in summer. To conduct the required laboratory chemical analysis for groundwater samples in the studied basin, 78 groundwater samples, in total, were collected from 39 water wells in the dry and wet seasons in 2014 and analyzed for major cations and anions, and the results were compared with the permitted limits for drinking water. An examination of the chemical concentrations of the World Health Organization drinking water norms demonstrate that a large portion of the groundwater samples is suitable for drinking, and a preponderance of groundwater samples situated in the class of hard and very hard water types for both seasons. Suitability of groundwater for drinking use was additionally assessed according to the water quality index classification. This showed that more than 98% of groundwater samples have good water quality in the dry and wet seasons. Conversely, the classification of groundwater samples based on Piper’s diagram designates that the groundwater type is alkaline water, with existing bicarbonate along with sulfate and chloride. However, water–rock exchange processes and groundwater flow have been responsible for the dominant water type of Ca–Mg–HCO3.
Design Optimization and Analysis of an Outer-Rotor Direct-Drive Permanent-Magnet Motor for Medium-Speed Electric Vehicle
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Meng Wenjun , Sun Xiaoxia , Zhang Liyong
Published: April 2019

At present, it is the conventional inner rotor motor instead of the internal combustion engine that is adopted by most electric cars. However, compared to the traditional centralized driving pattern, cars adopting a distributed direct driving pattern have higher drive efficiency and more stable handling. Given this background, a kind of direct-drive outer rotor motor with 40 poles and 42 slots applied for middle or low speed electric cars was designed. The core of this study included the electromagnetic analysis and structural design of the motor. Firstly, the material and dimension parameters of the stator and rotor were selected and calculated by the traditional method. The air-gap length and pole-arc coefficient were optimized using an RMxprt module, which was developed using the equivalent magnetic circuit method. Then, a two-dimensional finite-element model was established using ANSYS Maxwell. The magnetic field and torque characteristics of the model were then analyzed. Results show that the design of the motor is reasonable. In addition, a method for reducing the torque ripple was proposed and verified by simulation.
Consideraciones sobre el Papel del Docente para Elaborar Productos Informáticos
Authors: Cervantes Montero Gustavo , Díaz Fong Alina , Díaz Ramírez Armel
Published: April 2019

La elaboración de un medio didáctico digital  necesita de un diseño instruccional, didáctico y metodológico en el que intervienen diseñadores gráficos, programadores, psicólogos, docentes y en ocasiones locutores, expertos en audiovisuales y especialistas de otras áreas, en dependencia del contenido y edad a quien va dirigido el medio, sin embargo, el papel del docente es primordial, pues es quien domina el contenido, la didáctica, la metodología y conoce a profundidad las características de sus alumnos, por lo que su papel fundamental es el de elaborar un guion del medio didáctico digital que posibilite cumplir con los tres tipos de diseños mencionados. En este artículo se exponen consideraciones que fundamentan el papel del docente en este particular. Se ha analizado puntos de vista de diferentes autores que confirman que desde la propia institución escolar se pueden desarrollar diversos tipos de medios didácticos digitales, que para su elaboración es necesario un grupo multidisciplinario, pero que el papel del docente es cardinal, esencialmente como guionista del medio didáctico digital. Sin duda el medio didáctico digital será pertinente, necesario y efectivo en el aprendizaje del estudiante, cuando se realice un guion que tenga en cuenta el conocimiento amplio del docente y otros especialistas implicados.
El Emprendimiento en la Escuela del II - Ciclo del Sistema Nacional de Educación en la República de Angola
Authors: Machado Safeca , Labañino Santiesteban , Mendo Vinent
Published: April 2019

La formación diversificada de jóvenes en escuelas del II Ciclo en Angola constituye actualmente una preocupación para el país después de alcanzar la paz. Se realizan notables esfuerzos para lograr un desarrollo creciente en diversas esferas sociales, donde los avances científico-tecnológicos y los modelos de formación de nuevas generaciones sean determinantes para un desarrollo sostenible. Este desarrollo exige transformaciones para promover educación con calidad, que pueda dar respuestas a las demandas, socio-económicas, culturales y requiere formar un hombre autónomo, con capacidad emprendedora, habilidades que posibilitan la solución de problemas sociales. El presente trabajo, hace referencia a la necesidad de desarrollar investigaciones, que, como alternativas, den respuestas a las insuficiencias en la formación integral de la juventud angolana, las cuales limitan su capacidad de emprendimiento. La investigación está en la fase inicial, de estudio de los fundamentos epistemológicos que la sustentan, para proporcionar definiciones conceptuales necesarias. El emprendimiento en el sistema escolar del II-Ciclo en la República de Angola, parte de definiciones básicas de cómo se asume el comportamiento emprendedor desde una perspectiva de acción razonada. Para ello se utilizan métodos y técnicas empíricas que permiten el diagnóstico inicial del proceso investigativo. Los resultados proporcionarán un modelo pedagógico de formar emprendedores.
La Preparación del Tutor: Vía que Garantiza Enfrentar Desafíos en las Carreras Pedagógicas desde sus Funciones
Authors: Martínez Isaac Martha Gloria
Published: April 2019

La formación del hombre nuevo es una tarea compleja que compete a todos aquellos que influyen en la enseñanza y educación de los más jóvenes, conjuntamente con el educador, son los padres quienes tienen más de cerca la oportunidad de desarrollar en sus hijos cualidades y valores que les permitan descubrir y enfrentar el mundo y solucionar los problemas que se les presenten de forma inteligente, optimista y responsable, de aquí la importancia de desarrollar oportunamente el proceso de orientación a la familia. Este trabajo se realiza a partir de la observación de deficiencias en la práctica educativa relacionada con la preparación del educador tutor para influir en la formación inicial del educador en aquellas cuestiones relacionadas con la orientación familiar, aspecto que se corrobora a partir de diagnósticos realizados en la tutoría de investigaciones en la Universidad de Oriente de Santiago de Cuba en los últimos años, este análisis permitió reflexionar sobre la preparación del educador tutor para orientar al que está en formación a desarrollar la orientación familiar y garantizar el enfrentamiento a los nuevos retos y desafíos en las carreras pedagógicas.
Diversas Perspectivas en Relación con Algunos Aspectos Conceptuales y Prácticos de la Inclusión Educativa
Authors: Bell Rodríguez Rafael Felix
Published: April 2019

En este artículo se abordan algunos aspectos conceptuales y prácticos de la inclusión educativa desde diversas perspectivas con el ánimo de contribuir al diálogo en favor del análisis y de la identificación de los fundamentos y estrategias que permitan propiciar el necesario avance hacia el logro de los objetivos de este complejo proceso. A partir de la revisión de variadas fuentes bibliográficas, entre las que se incluyen algunas publicadas en ruso e inglés respectivamente, se esbozan diferentes aproximaciones e implicaciones de importantes conceptos en este ámbito, subrayando los aspectos positivos de la inclusión para todos los escolares y los riesgos a los que este proceso se enfrenta cuando se acomete su realización sin las condiciones requeridas para su éxito y no se cuenta con el compromiso y la correspondiente preparación de los docentes y de toda la comunidad educativa para su desarrollo. De igual manera se describen distintas aristas en relación con la comprensión de las necesidades educativas especiales, la inclusión educativa y la investigación inclusiva, que reflejan algunos de los principales contenidos del debate conceptual y práctico que tiene lugar en varias de las múltiples problemáticas de la educación inclusiva.
Estrategia Didáctica para la Producción de Textos Escritos en Español como Lengua Extranjera
Authors: Ferrer Miyares Virgen Arelys
Published: April 2019

La habilidad de escribir, en la enseñanza de español como segunda lengua es la que presenta progresos más lentos en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes extranjeros y, las limitaciones radican, en insuficiencias que presenta su enseñanza. Esta habilidad resulta muy compleja para su tratamiento en el aula al exigir de una preparación por parte del docente que posibilite su desarrollo, consciente de los obstáculos que debe vencer el estudiante para lograr el éxito que presupone su dominio que se evidencia cuando puede comunicar de forma escrita diferentes tipos de textos a partir de situaciones diversas. En este trabajo se presenta una estrategia didáctica dirigida al perfeccionamiento del proceso enseñanza aprendizaje del español como lengua extranjera, con énfasis en la producción de textos escritos. Por lo que se tuvo presente la activación de este proceso, a través de la producción cooperativa de textos escritos en español como lengua extranjera encaminada a desarrollar en los estudiantes la producción y la eficacia donde la metacognición de sus procederes y conocimientos es fundamental.
THE TEMPLATE PROGRAMMING OF PARALLEL ALGORITHMS
Authors: Baravykaite M. , Šablinskas R.
Published: April 2019

The parallel programming tools and packages are evolving rapidly. However the complexity of parallel thinking does not allow to implement many algorithms for the end user. In most cases only expert programmers risk to involve in parallel programming and program debugging.

In this paper we extend the ideas from [3] of template programming for a certain class of problems which could be solved by using general master‐slave paradigm. The template is suitable for solution of the coarse grain and middle grain granularity problem set. Actually, it could be applied to solve any problem P, which is decomposable into a set of tasks P = U i N=0ti. The most effective application cases are obtained for the problems where all ti are independent.

The template programming sets some requirements for the sequential version of the user program:

The main program must comprise of several code blocks: data initialization, computation of one task ti and the processing of the result.

The user has to define the data structures: initial data, one task data, the result data. These requirements do not require to rewrite the existing sequential code but to organize it into some logical parts. After these requirements (and naming conventions) are fulfilled, the parallel version of the code is obtained automatically by compiling and linking the code with the Master‐Slave Template library.

In this paper we introduce the idea of the template programming and describe the layer structure of the Master‐Slave Template library. We show how the user has to adjust the sequential code to obtain a valid parallel version of the initial program. We also give examples of the prime number search problem and the Mandelbrot set calculation problem.
ASSESSMENT METHODS FOR IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND DRIVING FORCES TO THE QUALITY OF ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Frolova L. , Kauzena D.
Published: April 2019

Environmentally friendly entrepreneurship (further ‐ EFE) is one of the tools for improvement environmental quality. There might be made theoretical approaches, how quantitatively large is the impact of the EFE in changes of the quality of environment. In this field theoretical suggestion is prior to practice, because in the most of countries there is domination of several cases, but it could not be used as overall tendency [8; 10]. Opposite impact to quality of environment might be created by driving forces (driving forces are economical indicators, which stimulate changes in quality of environment) [1] like overcon‐sumption, growth of gross domestic product (further ‐ GDP) etc. The article will highlight three possible approaches: 1) the assessment of EFE and driving forces to environmental quality; 2) quantitative analysis of interaction between environmental pressure (pressure indicators characterized impact of enterprises made to environment) indicators and driving forces indicators. In the second part there will be compared four countries: Baltic states and Sweden and 3) descriptive analysis of interaction between enterprise size and positive arrangements according environmental protection in Latvia in 1999 and 2001. Mainly there will be used the method of mathematical modelling [6] - descriptive, regression and power models and their attributes.
ON THE ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOR OF AN APPROXIMATION OF SIES DRIVEN BY P‐SEMIMARTINGALES
Authors: Kubilius K.
Published: April 2019

https://journals.vgtu.lt/index.php/MMA/article/view/9834
ON OPTIMIZATION OF THE PID GOVERNOR FOR DIESEL ENGINE
Authors: Malkhede D. N. , Dhariwal H. C. , Joshi M. C.
Published: April 2019

In a diesel engine, governor is indispensable for ensuring that the engine maintains a certain speed under various load conditions, that the engine speed does not exceed a certain speed as a protection against self‐destruction or stall. Also, speed fluctuations resulting from poor governing, lead to vibrations, noise, wear and tear and increased level of soot. Therefore it is desirable to have minimum speed fluctuations under all engine‐operating conditions. Inspite of many limitations, most of the existing engines still use simple mechanical governor providing proportional control only. Electronic governors can provide a more flexible P (proportional), I (integral), and D (derivative) control under all speeds and loads. So far no work is reported on optimizing the controller parameters using the analytical approach. In the present work turbo charged diesel engine is analytically modeled based on Krutov's approach for the control analysis. Attempts have been made to optimize controller parameters. The criterion for minimizing the engine speed fluctuations is met by minimizing the Integral Squared Error in engine speed. The parameters obtained have been used to study the engine speed response. The results have shown remarkable improvement in the engine speed fluctuations.
INVERSE HEAT TRANSPORT PROBLEMS FOR COEFFICIENTS IN TWO‐LAYER DOMAINS AND METHODS FOR THEIR SOLUTION
Authors: Guseinov S. , Buikis A.
Published: April 2019

In various fields of science and technology it is often necessary to solve inverse problems, where from measurements of state of the system or process it is required to determine a certain typesetting of the causal characteristics. It is known that infringement of the natural causal relationships can entail incorrectness of the mathematical stating of inverse problems. Therefore the development of efficient methods for solving such problems allows one to considerably simplify experimental research and to increase the accuracy and reliability of the obtained results due to certain complication of algorithms for processing the experimental data. The problem of determination of thermal diffusivity coefficients considering other known characteristics of heat transport process is among incorrect inverse problems. These inverse problems for coefficients are quite difficult even in the case of homogeneous media. In this paper it is supposed that the heat transport equation is non‐homogeneous and an algorithm for determination of the thermal diffusivity coefficients for both the media is proposed. At the first step, the non‐homogeneous inverse problem with piecewise‐constant function of non‐homogeneity is solved. For this auxiliary inverse problem, the proposed method allows one to determine both the coefficients of thermal diffusivity and to restore the heat transport process without any additional information, i.e. the algorithm also solves the direct problem. Then the initial non‐homogeneous inverse problem with a piecewise‐continuous function of non‐homogeneity is solved. The proposed method reduces the non‐homogeneous inverse problem for coefficients to a set of two transcendent algebraic equations. Finally, the analytical solution to direct problem is obtained using Green's function.
QUADRATIC SPLINE COLLOCATION METHOD FOR WEAKLY SINGULAR INTEGRAL EQUATIONS AND CORRESPONDING EIGENVALUE PROBLEM
Authors: Pallav R. , Pedas A.
Published: April 2019

A quadratic spline collocation method for the numerical solution of weakly singular Fredholm integral equations of the second kind and corresponding eigenvalue problem is constructed. Using quasi‐uniform and special graded grids, the rate of convergence of proposed numerical schemes is studied theoretically and numerically. Key words: weakly singular integral equations, collocation method, quadratic splines.
ON INTERACTION OF A LIQUID FILM WITH AN OBSTACLE
Authors: Zemitis A.
Published: April 2019

In this paper are discussed mathematical models for the liquid film generated by impinging jets. These models describe only the film shape under special assumptions about processes. Attention is stressed on the interaction of the liquid film with some obstacle. The idea is to generalize existing models and to investigate qualitative behavior of liquid film using numerical experiments. G.I. Taylor [Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A 253, 313 (1959)] found that the liquid film generated by impinging jets is very sensitive to properties of the wire which was used as an obstacle. The aim of this presentation is to propose a modification of the Taylor's model, which allows to simulate the film shape in cases when the angle between jets is different from 180°. Numerical results obtained by discussed models give two different shapes of the liquid film similar as in Taylors experiments. These two shapes depend on the regime: either droplets are produced close to the obstacle or not. The difference between two regimes becomes larger if the angle between jets decreases. Existence of such two regimes can be very essential for some applications of impinging jets, if the generated liquid film can have a contact with obstacles.
DIFFERENT INFLUENCE OF COOPERATION AND PUBLIC FUNDING ON INNOVATION ACTIVITIES WITHIN GERMAN INDUSTRIES
Authors: Prokop Viktor , Stejskal Jan
Published: April 2019

The aim of this research is to analyse (i) influence of cooperation with different partners and public funding on firms´ willingness to innovate; (ii) how public funding and cooperation with different partners influence firms´ innovation performance (turnover); (iii) effects of mutual interactions between firms´ innovation activities, cooperation with different partners and public funding on firms´ innovation performance (measured with turnover). The situation of 561 firms in Machines and Equipment industries in Germany was analysed because it is one of the most competitive economy in the world and one of the leaders in innovation within European Union. It allows to create unique benchmark and to propose implications that will be more appropriate and applicable also in other countries. For analyses, the data from Community Innovation Survey 2012-2014, which is a harmonized questionnaire and provides EU's science and technology statistics, was used, and new binary and multiple linear regression models were employed. Results of analyses show that provision of public subsidies, unlike cooperation, strongly influence firm’s motivation to innovate. However, results also showed that supported innovation activities do not always lead to an increase in firms´ innovative performance. Therefore, it can be pointed to the phenomenon of inefficiency of public innovation support in final consequence.
A Tail Structure Associated with a Protoplanetary Disk around SU Aurigae
Authors: Akiyama Eiji , Vorobyov Eduard I. , Baobabu Liu Hauyu , Dong Ruobing , de Leon Jerome , Liu Sheng-Yuan , Tamura Motohide
Published: April 2019

We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of the CO (J = 2 − 1) line emission from a protoplanetary disk around T-Tauri star SU Aurigae (hereafter SU Aur). Previous observations in optical and near-infrared wavelengths find a unique structure in SU Aur. One of the highlights of the observational results is that an extended tail-like structure is associated with the disk, indicating mass transfer from or into the disk. Here we report the discovery of the counterpart of the tail-like structure in CO gas extending more than 1000 au long. Based on geometric and kinematic perspectives, both of the disk and the tail-like structure components physically connect to each other. Several theoretical studies predicted the observed tail-like structure via the following possible scenarios: (1) a gaseous stream from the molecular cloud remnant, (2) collision with a (sub)stellar intruder or a gaseous blob from the ambient cloud, and (3) ejection of a planetary or brown dwarf mass object due to gravitational instability via multibody gravitational interaction. Since the tail-like structures associated with the SU Aur disk are a new example following RW Aurigae, some disks may experience the internal or external interaction and drastically lose mass during disk evolution.