bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Faktor Risiko Kejadian Diare pada Anak Usia 6-24 bulan di Kota Jambi
Authors: Trisiyani Gustika , Syukri Muhammad , Halim Rd. , Islam Fahrul
Published: January 2022

Diarrhea is a major cause of child morbidity and mortality in developing countries, including Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for diarrhea in children aged 6-24 months. This study used a case-control design with 48 cases and 48 controls. Cases were children aged 6-24 months who had experienced diarrhea with the ICD code A.09 recorded in the register book from October 2019 to March 2020. The control samples were children aged 6-24 months who did not suffer from diarrhea with age (range ±3 months), gender, and domiciled in the same village as the case. Samples were taken using the total sampling method. Data collection used interview and direct observation techniques in July 2020. Data analysis was carried out univariate and bivariate using the chi-square test. The results of the study showed the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding (p= 0.000 OR=4.8 95% CI: 2.04-11.53), use of milk bottles (p=0.000 OR=6.3 95%CI 2.5-15.7), and CTPS habits (p = 0.000 OR = 4.8 95% CI 2.0-11.5) with the incidence of diarrhea in children. Family latrines (p=0.168 OR=4.3 95%CI 0.4-39.7), and drinking water sources (p=1,000 OR=1.0 95%CI 0.1-16.4) were not factors diarrhea risk. Health workers should educate the importance of the habit of washing hands with soap and washing bottles. Parents should give exclusive breastfeeding, clean regularly, and pay attention to how to store milk bottles before use.
Intervensi Keperawatan pada Pasien Terkonfirmasi COVID-19 dengan Komorbid DM Tipe 2 dan Hipertensi: Studi Kasus
Authors: Khanifudin Alif , Triyanto Arifin , Rohmawati Dwi Asih
Published: January 2022

Comorbidities in COVID-19 patients with the highest percentage are hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Patients with comorbid hypertension and DM have high morbidity and mortality. This study aims to determine the interventions in COVID-19 patients with comorbid DM and hypertension. The method used is a case study with data collection through patient and family interviews, medical record studies and direct observation or through CCTV. The studies showed that the patient was diagnosed with severe COVID-19 by  oxygen therapy (NRM 15 L/min), treating COVID-19 and managing comorbid hypertension and DM with medication and monitoring and reducing anxiety. During treatment, the patient was desaturated, blood pressure and blood sugar level had not been controlled, and the anxiety was quite high. It can be said that interventions that can be given to COVID-19 patients with comorbid hypertension and DM are oxygen therapy, medication, anxiety reduction, and comorbid management. Comorbid hypertension and DM were controlled with medication and regular monitoring. the patient's blood pressure and blood sugar level had not been controlled, it is possible that the patient's anxiety is still experienced. So that as health workers in providing care are expected to pay attention to the biopsychosociospiritual aspects so that the patient's problems are resolved.
Pengaruh Luas Penampang Wadah Terhadap Besarnya Reduksi Volume Sampah Organik Rumah Tangga Menggunakan Larva Lalat Bsf (Black Soldier Fly)
Authors: Purnomo Bayu Chondro , Nurjazuli Nurjazuli , Suhartono Suhartono
Published: January 2022

This research is Quasi experimental with the Post Only Group Design method. This study uses the amount of maggot and organic waste with a ratio of 1: 2, with 1/2 kg of maggot against 1 kg of garbage, with a volume of 6000 cm3 containers and a variation of the cross sectional variation of 20x20 cm2 with a height of 15 cm, the cross section area of ​​30x20 cm2 with a height of 10 cm and 10 cm and the cross section area of 30x40 cm2 with a height of 5 cm. Based on the results of the research that has been made, the waste reduction by BSF larvae, the cross-sectional area of ​​20x20 cm was 516.7 gr, the cross-sectional area of ​​30x20 cm was 555.6 gr, while the cross-section area of ​​30x40 cm was 644.4 gr. The highest reduction is obtained from the cross-sectional area of ​​30x40 cm. Based on the results of the normality test it obtained the value of P-Value> α (0.05). This indicates that the data is distributed normally by looking at the variant difference test, obtained a value of p-value 0.049 (<α). Then it can be concluded that there is an influence between cross-sectional area and waste reduction by BSF larvae. The wider cross-section of the garbage container, the easier BSF larvae reduce organic waste.
Pleuroskopi Sebagai Tindakan Diagnostik pada Paru
Authors: Herdiman Hafis , Khairsyaf Oea , Russilawati Russilawati
Published: January 2022

Pleuroscopy, also known as medical thoracoscopy, is a minimally invasive procedure that is used to examine and biopsy the pleural cavity as well as to perform therapeutic interventions. This procedure has a near-perfect diagnostic accuracy in malignant pleural effusions and tuberculosis. With a mortality rate of 0.1%, the complication rate is low (2% - 5%) and usually mild (subcutaneous emphysema, bleeding, infection).  Objective : Increase knowledge of pleuroscopy as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool in lung disease. Method : This paper is based on a review of the literature on pleuroscopy. Conclusion : Pleuroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure that can be used to examine and biopsy the pleural cavity, as well as for therapeutic intervention. Complications are uncommon and usually minor. Sugestion : Other articles are required to increase knowledge about pleuroscopy in order to obtain more knowledge.
O IDOSO E A PRÁTICA DO LAZER EM ÁREAS NATURAIS
Authors: Righi Campos Daniel , Ortiz Monteiro Patrícia , Maria Andrade Brisola Elisa
Published: January 2022

Propõe-se uma reflexão acerca da prática do lazer pelo idoso em áreas naturais e protegidas, sua relação com o desenvolvimento humano, bem como sua contribuição para a qualidade de vida no envelhecimento. Trata-se de uma análise bibliográfica, pautada nas literaturas empírica e conceitual que abordam o tema e que revelaram progressivo aumento, no Brasil, da expectativa de vida, o que representa expressivo aumento da população idosa. Além disso, a pesquisa revelou que a prática do lazer tem importância significativa para a qualidade de vida e para o desenvolvimento humano. Percebeu-se, ainda, que existe uma busca crescente do idoso pela prática do lazer nas áreas naturais protegidas, como é o caso dos parques, o que propicia inúmeros benefícios para sua qualidade de vida e inclusão. Somando-se a esses benefícios, constata-se que as áreas naturais promovem maior contato desse público com a natureza, o que contribui para sua sensibilização e para proteção e preservação ambiental.
Generating Political Commitment for Regulatory Interventions Targeting Dietary Harms and Poor Nutrition: A Case Study on Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Taxation in Australia
Authors: Dry Tristan , Baker Phillip
Published: January 2022

Background: Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes are an effective public health policy intervention for improving nutrition and public health. Although implemented in over 50 jurisdictions worldwide, this intervention remains vastly underutilised, and in Australia political commitment for such a tax is low. The aim of this study is to understand the politics of SSB taxation in Australia, what factors have constrained political commitment for a tax, and what might enable such commitment in future. Methods: We adopted a case study design, guided by a theoretical framework developed from the political economy of nutrition literature. Data were collected from 16 interviews with informants from multiple sectors, supported by media articles, journal articles, and grey literature. Data were coded and organized by thematic analysis, and synthesised into the final results. Results: Nutrition actors have made significant progress in generating commitment for a SSB tax by producing relevant evidence, raising awareness, advocating for action, employing resonating frames, collaborating with civil society organisations, and forming coalitions increasing their overall cohesion. Nevertheless, political commitment for a SSB tax is low and was found to be impeded by the powerful influence of the food, beverage, and sugar industries, opposition from both major Australian political parties, ideological resistance to regulation, a low quality monitoring and surveillance system for food and nutrition, and limited public advocacy. The influence of nutrition actors was also impeded by weak connections to key policy-makers and missed collaborative opportunities with pro-SSB tax organisations. Conclusion: The identification of several impediments provides an explanation for why political commitment for a SSB tax is low in Australia and reveals several opportunities for how it might be generated in the future. Political commitment may come about through, for example, actions to limit the influence of industry in policy decision-making, and by strengthening the existing pro-SSB tax coalition.
Operationalising Regional Cooperation for Infectious Disease Control: A Scoping Review of Regional Disease Control Bodies and Networks
Authors: Durrance-Bagale Anna , Marzouk Manar , Agarwal Sunanda , Ananthakrishnan Aparna , Gan Sarah , Hayashi Michiko , Jacob-Chow Beth , Jiayun Koh , Tung Lam Sze , Mkhallalati Hala , Newaz Sanjida , Omar Maryam , Sittimart Manit , Ung Mengieng , Yuze Yang , Yang Hsu Li , Howard Natasha
Published: January 2022

Background: The rapid spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic demonstrates the value of regional cooperation in infectious disease prevention and control. We explored the literature on regional infectious disease control bodies, to identify lessons, barriers and enablers to inform operationalisation of a regional infectious disease control body or network in southeast Asia. Methods: We conducted a scoping review to examine existing literature on regional infectious disease control bodies and networks, and to identify lessons that can be learned that will be useful for operationalisation of a regional infectious disease control body such as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Center for Public Health Emergency and Emerging Diseases. Results: Of the 57 articles included, 53 (93%) were in English, with two (3%) in Spanish and one (2%) each in Dutch and French. Most were commentaries or review articles describing programme initiatives. Sixteen (28%) publications focused on organisations in the Asian continent, with 14 (25%) focused on Africa, and 14 (25%) primarily focused on the European region. Key lessons focused on organisational factors, diagnosis and detection, human resources, communication, accreditation, funding, and sustainability. Enablers and constraints were consistent across regions/ organisations. A clear understanding of the regional context, budgets, cultural or language issues, staffing capacity and governmental priorities, is pivotal. An initial workshop inclusive of the various bodies involved in the design, implementation, monitoring or evaluation of programmes is essential. Clear governance structure, with individual responsibilities clear from the beginning, will reduce friction. Secure, long-term funding is also a key aspect of the success of any programme. Conclusion: Operationalisation of regional infectious disease bodies and networks is complicated, but with extensive groundwork, and focus on organisational factors, diagnosis and detection, human resources, communication, accreditation, funding, and sustainability, it is achievable. Ways to promote success are to include as many stakeholders as possible from the beginning, to ensure that context-specific factors are considered, and to encourage employees through capacity building and mentoring, to ensure they feel valued and reduce staff turnover.
Is It Possible to Solve the Conflicts Over Conflict of Interest? Comment on "Towards Preventing and Managing Conflict of Interest in Nutrition Policy? An Analysis of Submissions to a Consultation on a Draft WHO Tool"
Authors: Bialous Stella Aguinaga
Published: January 2022

Addressing conflicts of interest (COIs) when developing and implementing policies to address commercial determinants of health is pivotal to ensure that these policies are free from commercial and other vested interests of unhealthy commodities industry. As a concept, this is well accepted within the tobacco control community, and supported by the existence of an international treaty, the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). But in nutrition policy the engagement of the food industry appears to remain controversial, as efforts to create partnerships are still underway. There is a need to undertake evaluation of existing COI policies to assess their implementation and outcomes, creating best practice models that can be replicated, and understanding how to change norms within governments. Additionally, a review of existing norms, codes of conduct, and ethics to determine their impact on preventing COI would guide future implementation of these measures. Finally, governments, academics, and advocates should consider how existing tools, guidelines or other instruments could help frame the COI discussion to ensure its political feasibility. There is a need for a discussion on whether the current approach of separate policies for distinct industries is preferable than a broader COI policy that would be applicable to a wide range of unhealthy commodities and across governmental sectors.
Context Matters in Evidence Implementation Globally Comment on "Stakeholder Perspectives of Attributes and Features of Context Relevant to Knowledge Translation in Health Settings: A Multi-Country Analysis"
Authors: Gagnon Marie-Pierre
Published: January 2022

Context influences the effectiveness of healthcare interventions and should be considered to inform their implementation. However, context remains poorly defined in the knowledge translation (KT) literature. The paper by Squires and colleagues constitutes a valuable contribution to the field of KT as it provides the basis for a comprehensive framework to assess the influence of context on implementation success. In their study, Squires et al identified 66 context features, grouped into 16 attributes. Their findings highlight a great convergence in the context features mentioned by stakeholders across countries, experience levels and roles in KT. Thus, the proposed framework could eventually transfer to several implementation settings. However, all study participants were from high-income countries. It would therefore be important to replicate this research in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). A common understanding of what context means is essential to assessing its influence on the implementation of healthcare interventions globally.
Developing a How-to-Guide for Health Technology Reassessment: "The HTR Playbook"
Authors: Soril Lesley J.J. , Elshaug Adam G. , Esmail Rosmin , Chalkidou Kalipso , Gad Mohamed , Clement Fiona M.
Published: January 2022

Background: To develop a knowledge translation (KT) tool that will provide guidance to stakeholders actively planning or considering implementation of a health technology reassessment (HTR) initiative. Methods: The KT tool is an international and collaborative endeavour between HTR researchers in Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom. Evidence from a meta-review of documented international HTR experiences and approaches provided the conceptual framing for the KT tool. The purpose, audience, format, and overall scope and content of the tool were established through iterative discussions and consensus. An initial version of the KT tool was beta-tested with an international community of relevant stakeholders (i.e., potential users) at the Health Technology Assessment International 2018 annual meeting. Results: An open access workbook, referred to as the HTR playbook, was developed. As a KT tool, the HTR playbook is intended to simplify the complex HTR planning process by navigating users step-by-step through 6 strategic domains: characteristics of the candidate health technology (The Stats and Projections), stakeholders to engage (The Team), potential facilitators and/or barriers within the policy context (The Playing Field), strategic use of different levers and tools (The Offensive Plays), unintended consequences (The Defensive Plays), and metrics and methods for monitoring and evaluation (Winning the Game). Conclusion: The HTR playbook is intended to enhance a user’s ability to successfully complete a HTR by helping them systematically consider the different elements and approaches to achieve the right care for the patient population in question.
“Age of Ethos”: Exploring Rhetorical Practices in Early Chinese Society
Authors: Wei Yong-Kang
Published: January 2022

The essay explores the notion of collective ethos by looking closely at some of the key aspects of rhetorical and discourse practices in early Chinese society, such as ethos-as-spirit, the oneness of ethos/logos, and wei-yi (威仪; authority and deportment) among others, with a conclusion about the ethocentric nature of the traditional Chinese discourse system, rhetoric and philosophy included. To put things in perspective, it also discusses Western theories on ethos, including those by noted postmodernist theorists such as Bourdieu and Foucault. However, it does not argue that the Chinese tradition is the right path to rhetoric in general and ethos in particular but, rather, points out that rhetoric varies across cultures for an array of reasons, hence the necessity of approaching and understanding ethos differently from the model formulated by Aristotle.
The Moral Wrong of Colonialism: A Non-Instrumentalist Approach
Authors: Sabera Tashmia
Published: January 2022

Whether colonialism involves an intrinsic moral wrong or not happens to be an important question in contemporary political and legal philosophy. If colonialism is understood as a system that necessitates some form of intrinsic moral wrong then the process of epistemic decolonization can freely repeat the patterns of political relations prevailing in colonial regimes. However, understanding colonialism from a non-instrumentalist approach guides us to take a different path in the process of decolonization. This approach mandates for discontinuation of the wrongful political relation that was prevalent in colonial world. This article stands for a non-instrumentalist approach towards colonialism and regards the system of colonialism as intrinsic wrong. To that end, it challenges the predominant discourses that portray the wrong of colonialism from an instrumentalist approach. Moreover, it introduces new arguments to support Lea Ypi’s non-instrumentalist approach to the wrong of colonialism.
The Trends and Experiences of Sexual and Reproductive Health among Late Female Adolescents in Bangladesh
Authors: Siddika Mir Tamanna
Published: January 2022

Adolescence period is a very important transitional stage of human develoment as in this period a human being undergoes some major physical, emotional and social changes. Bangladesh has an adolescent population consisting one fifth of the total population. Among them almost half of them are girls. Among the adolescent girls who belong to the late adolescent age group are in the most exposed and disadvantaged situation in the context of Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) of Bangladesh. Therefore, the aim of this article is to concentrate on the SRH of adlescents girls (15-19 years) with an aim to reveal the trends and experieces of SRH among this group and some major challenges so that female adolescent SRH issues can receive proper attention in the policy making level.
Projetos em televisão e rádio: experiências em jornalismo audiovisual na Universidade de São Paulo
Authors: Maluly Luciano Victor Barros , Vieira Monica De Fátima Rodrigues Nunes
Published: January 2022

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar as experiências didáticas de duas disciplinas de audiovisual, CJE 0533 – Projetos em Televisão e CJE 0532 – Projetos em Rádio, oferecidas no Curso de Jornalismo da Escola de Comunicações e Artes (ECA) da Universidade de São Paulo (USP). O programa dessas disciplinas visa a capacitar os alunos para executar todo o processo de produção de programas jornalísticos para televisão, rádio e plataformas digitais, com a possibilidade de realizar produtos autorais em diversos gêneros e formatos e a sua divulgação em canais da universidade, como a Rádio USP, e externos, como a TV Cultura, e em outros espaços digitais. Neste contexto, observa-se a importância da qualidade da produção universitária em jornalismo audiovisual, antes e durante a pandemia da Covid-19, por meio dos projetos de ensino Produção seriada jornalística audiovisual e Universidade 93,7.
Literacia midiática e a falácia do acesso à informação: entrevista com Mirian Nogueira Tavares
Authors: Martins Thiago Garcia
Published: January 2022

Viver na Era da Informação é estar cercado por vários formatos convergidos que propõem maior interação dos usuários com a mídia. Todavia, ainda na Era da Informação é possível discutir sobre este limiar do acesso aos conteúdos, bem como sobre em qual grau a mídia convergida e as novas tecnologias impactaram o cinema como arte. Muito se discute sobre os vários formatos, convergência e interações da mídia e os indivíduos em uma sociedade. Historicamente, o cinema se apresentou como uma maneira única de contar histórias, mas também está relacionado em como nós, espectadores, aprendemos a ver/ler os conteúdos audiovisuais. Neste contexto, emerge estudos sobre a literacia midiática e, mais especificamente, o audiovisual.

Professora na Universidade do Algarve (Portugal) e coordenadora do CIAC (Centro de Investigação em Artes e Comunicação), Dra. Mirian Nogueira Tavares, tem realizado diversas pesquisas no âmbito da literacia midiática, em especial ligadas ao cinema e a arte. Nesta entrevista, realizada em outubro de 2021, a pesquisadora discorre sobre a sua trajetória acadêmica, e também sobre o papel das Artes no campo do Ensino e da Investigação. Para Tavares, os estudos nesta área são fundamentais, já que influenciam pesquisas mais críticas e criativas. O resultado pode ser verificado nas pesquisas realizadas pelo CIAC em especial no âmbito da literacia midiática, trazendo reflexões sobre o papel da interatividade do usuário em jogos, conteúdos de streaming e, sobretudo, quanto à “falácia ao acesso à informação” na Sociedade da Informação.
Onde Tem Tiroteio: informação colaborativa e fluxo distributivo de imagens da violência urbana no Brasil
Authors: Reis Aline Grupillo , Serra Joaquim Paulo
Published: January 2022

O presente artigo resulta da análise das postagens no aplicativo Onde Tem Tiroteio a fim de observar o funcionamento de um sistema colaborativo de alertas da violência urbana com a geração de um fluxo de distribuição de imagens de flagrantes de assaltos, tiroteios ou operações policiais por meio de circuitos não tradicionais de mídia. Nosso objetivo é discutir em que medida a utilização pelos telejornais das imagens testemunhais captadas por cidadãos comuns e publicadas na ferramenta suscitam conflitos em torno da autoridade jornalística na televisão. Nesse sentido, adotamos a observação direta como procedimento metodológico inspirado na etnografia virtual, coletando e analisando 339 postagens e 497 comentários no período de quatro semanas, entre 10 de junho e 10 de julho de 2020, além de analisar dos telejornais no mesmo período.
As relações de gênero no “Caso Daniel”: estereótipos e similares nos discursos jornalístico e jurídico
Authors: Amaral Muriel Emídio Pessoa do , Rocha Paula Melani
Published: January 2022

A partir do gênero como categoria de análise, o texto discute a relação de gênero nas matérias produzidas pelo portal G1, sobre o “Caso Daniel”, que foram veiculadas de novembro de 2018 a novembro de 2019 tendo como recorte a figura de Cristiana Brittes. A fundamentação teórica compreende os entendimentos de poder, discurso e verdade desenhados por Michel Foucault em diálogo com as teorias feministas. O artigo pretende elucidar como o discurso do jornalismo, em grande medida, vai ao encontro do discurso jurídico, ao promover a dessubjetivação e descaso da condição da mulher na cobertura do respectivo caso, fomentando estereótipos e violências simbólicas ao gênero feminino.
Volvimos mujeres. Participación, atributos y reclutamiento del personal político femenino en el gabinete inicial del presidente Alberto Fernández
Authors: Canelo Paula
Published: January 2022

El presente artículo analiza la participación, atributos y tendencias del reclutamiento del alto personal político femenino en el gabinete inicial del actual presidente argentino Alberto Fernández. Para ello, realiza un estudio empírico sistemático del perfil de los 289 ministros, secretarios y subsecretarios, y cargos con jerarquía equivalente, convocados por el presidente para conducir las 22 dependencias del gabinete nacional (20 ministerios, la Jefatura de Gabinete de Ministros y las Secretarías de la Presidencia de la Nación). La investigación muestra que, si bien se verifica un cambio en las dinámicas de reclutamiento hacia una mayor igualdad de género, Fernández no modificó numerosos aspectos de la generización del ejecutivo nacional. En el mismo se identifican al menos cinco techos de cristal: las mujeres siguen siendo una minoría, estuvieron ausentes de los cargos más altos de varias dependencias, raramente lograron ser designadas ministras, en su mayoría fueron reclutadas para desempeñarse en áreas de gestión de tipo social y se les exigieron credenciales educativas significativamente más altas que a los funcionarios hombres para ocupar los mismos cargos.
Elite económica y elite política bajo la presidencia de Mauricio Macri: el caso de Ministerio de Producción (2015-2019)
Authors: Castellani Ana , Dossi Marina
Published: January 2022

La reciente irrupción de presidentes de origen empresario en la escena política americana nos invita a analizar las novedosas formas de articulación entre elite económica y elite política. Uno de los rasgos de estas gestiones presidenciales es la implantación de reformas económicas que tomaron como eje el empoderamiento del sector privado y con ello a las empresas y los empresarios como agentes del desarrollo económico y de un nuevo orden social. La pregunta que se abre ante estas circunstancias es hasta qué punto el desembarco masivo en los altos puestos de gobierno de personas directamente vinculadas al poder económico ponen en tensión la calidad de las democracias en tanto significa un salto cualitativo en la capacidad de las elites económicas de orientar las políticas públicas y produciendo una captura de la decisión pública. En este trabajo, abordaremos el proceso de articulación entre elites económicas y políticas en el gobierno de Mauricio Macri a través del análisis del gabinete del Ministerio de Producción y de las políticas implementadas por la cartera entre 2015 y 2019. La configuración del gobierno de Cambiemos a nivel nacional nos muestra el ascenso a las más altas posiciones de poder político de una elite gobernante integrada por un conjunto de individuos con un perfil sociológico distintivo, proceso que fue acompañado por fuertes cambios en los principales precios relativos de las variables económicas, la quita y/o rebaja progresiva de retenciones a los productos primarios de exportación, y la desregulación y apertura del sector financiero.
Un líder, un jefe, un hombre. Masculinidades y política en la construcción de la candidatura presidencial de Arturo Frondizi (1957-1958)
Authors: Barroso Esteban Nicolás
Published: January 2022

En este artículo buscamos analizar la incidencia que tuvo la cuestión de las masculinidades en la construcción de la imagen pública de Arturo Frondizi -político argentino de la Unión Cívica Radical Intransigente- durante el año previo a las elecciones presidenciales de 1958. Para ello, indagamos la forma en la que la revista Qué sucedió en 7 días, uno de los sostenes de dicho dirigente, buscó presentarlo ante sus lectores durante aquel lapso temporal. Las notas estudiadas muestran un intento de vincular la figura de este candidato con aspectos o dimensiones usualmente caracterizadas como constitutivas de las masculinidades.
Una burocracia de terreno, o cómo aprehender a la Subsecretaría de Asuntos Agrarios de La Pampa: agencias, actores y funcionarios entre 1967 y 1980
Authors: Martocci Federico
Published: January 2022

En los últimos años, los estudios sobre la conformación de diversas agencias del Estado, la circulación de saberes en los procesos constitutivos de burocracias estatales y el despliegue de políticas públicas en diferentes áreas de intervención experimentaron un desarrollo notable. Sin embargo, aún existen vacíos significativos en lo que respecta a las agencias estatales y el desarrollo de políticas orientadas a un sector fundamental de la economía argentina: el agropecuario. Con el objetivo de aportar en ese sentido, este artículo se concentra en la Subsecretaría de Asuntos Agrarios de la provincia de La Pampa entre 1967 y 1980, período signado por las últimas dictaduras cívico-militares y que se recorta a partir de la especificidad del objeto de estudio. Esta perspectiva permite explorar la interacción entre técnicos estatales y productores, las acciones desplegadas por el Estado provincial y el alcance de sus iniciativas, pero al mismo tiempo ofrece una mirada detenida sobre la burocracia y los funcionarios de una Subsecretaría que debía ser de terreno. Al revisar los desplazamientos de actores entre el medio académico, las instancias estatales y la esfera del ejercicio profesional en el ámbito privado, se podrá advertir la importancia que tenían las agencias del Estado como salida laboral para los profesionales, así como el rol que desempeñaron algunos sectores del agro en la definición de políticas públicas durante ciertas coyunturas.
Empleo público, salarios y carrera burocrática. La burocracia estatal argentina a comienzos de la Era del Progreso
Authors: Salvatore Ricardo D. , Salas Arón Emiliano
Published: January 2022

En este ensayo, examinamos la burocracia estatal argentina en las últimas décadas del siglo XIX, utilizando el Censo de Funcionarios Públicos de 1893.Investigamos las estructuras del empleo público en términos de género, origen nacional, edad, destrezas, experiencia y salarios. En 1893, Argentina ya había ingresado en un proceso de modernización. El estado militar de la post independencia evolucionó hacia estructuras más modernas, ligada a la provisión de bienes públicos -Educación y justicia- y la promoción del desarrollo económico. En nuestra muestra, ocho grandes oficinas dominaban la mayor parte del empleo público, aunque existía una multiplicidad de pequeñas oficinas. En cierto grado, encontramos evidencia de una cierta meritocracia en el estado del régimen conservador-liberal. Los empleados públicos eran pagados de acuerdo a sus destrezas, sus habilidades y experiencia. Esto generó una alta movilidad dentro de las dependencias públicas. Aun así, no podemos descartar que este régimen coexista con prácticas nepotistas en la promoción de empleados públicos. Dentro de la burocracia, encontramos una predominancia de los varones, aunque existían algunos sectores donde la presencia femenina era importante. Considerando sus altos niveles de educación, consideramos que las mujeres empleadas públicas se encontraban peor pagadas que los varones. También encontramos una importante presencia de inmigrantes en la estructura general.
De la linealidad a la necesidad de un enfoque complejo de los programas doctorales en México
Authors: Iglesias Piña David , Ramírez Hernández Javier Jesús
Published: January 2022

En términos generales se asume que los programas de formación doctorales no sólo fortalecen el desarrollo científico y tecnológico, sino crea mecanismos, innova instrumentos y replantean programas para mejorar las condiciones sociales y económicas de los entornos territoriales. Para ello, las universidades juegan un rol fundamental, no sólo en la implementación de estos, sino en la adopción de una visión compleja y crítica, encaminada a generar y proponer acciones estratégicas de sustentabilidad, que garanticen la permanencia y calidad de vida de la humanidad.

El objetivo de este documento es resaltar los retos para que los programas doctorales relacionados con la sustentabilidad adopten una postura crítica y compleja. Para ello, se parte de la revisión y análisis de los objetivos de algunos programas doctorales, contrastándolo con la necesidad y pertinencia contemporánea. Las evidencias refieren que en México, poco más de la mitad de los programas doctorales relacionados con la sustentabilidad presenta un enfoque lineal, enfatizando en la cuestión ambiental, como similitud semántica. Se concluye que el paradigma sustentable se torna residual, con un tratamiento marginal, que limita la visión compleja y crítica.
Comercio global, sustentabilidad y justicia social: un análisis interdisciplinario
Authors: Montaño Cruz Francisco Javier
Published: January 2022

El propósito de este texto es examinar el sistema de comercio global desde una perspectiva multidisciplinar que permita dimensionar los impactos ambientales y sociales causados por los principios teóricos y jurídicos sobre los que se basa dicho sistema. Para ello, primero se retoman fundamentos teóricos provenientes de la economía ecológica de acuerdo a los cuales el proceso económico se alimenta de energía disponible y produce energía no-disponible. Posteriormente, se analizan los principios de Trato Nacional y Nación Más Favorecida a partir de los cuales el comercio global genera entropía en el medio ambiente y e ignora desigualdades históricas globales. Por último, la noción utilitaria de bienestar individual es analizada a la luz del impacto ambiental y social del consumo, habilitado en gran medida por el comercio global. El artículo concluye que la reestructuración del comercio global es necesaria para afrontar las crisis ambiental y social actuales.
Propuesta de turismo agroalimentario a partir de recursos locales con identidad territorial en Jiquipilco, México
Authors: Blas Yañez Sandra , García Soto Elí Albertina , López Noyola Leydi Laura
Published: January 2022

Se aborda el desarrollo sostenible a partir de las actividades agroturísticas para el aprovechamiento de maguey pulquero en Jiquipilco, México. El objetivo del estudio fue generar una propuesta de turismo alternativo basada en los recursos locales con identidad territorial asociados al sistema agroalimentario del agave pulquero en Jiquipilco. Se utilizó un diseño no experimental y transversal, con un enfoque cualitativo de tipo exploratorio y descriptivo, bajo una metodología de corte participativo. Se obtuvo la contextualización del caso de estudio a partir de fuentes primarias y secundarias; la identificación y priorización de productos y atractivos con potencial turístico; y el diseño de propuesta integral de agroturismo, de acuerdo a la vocación socio productiva del territorio. Los resultados indican que existe una amplia diversidad de recursos naturales tangibles e intangibles de importancia cultural, ambiental y alimentaria que pueden ser utilizados en emprendimientos turísticos alternativos. El uso de geotecnologías para realizar el inventario de recursos turísticos ayudó a tener una proyección preliminar de atractivos con identidad territorial, proporcionando una base de datos útil para la planificación turística, que contribuyan al manejo de los recursos naturales y la formulación de emprendimientos turísticos encaminados en el desarrollo social y a la sostenibilidad ambiental.
Educación comunitaria agroecológica, un método para fortalecer la relación humanidad-naturaleza en familias campesinas mayas
Authors: Hernández Medina Julie Cecilia , Sandoval Forero Eduardo Andrés
Published: January 2022

En este artículo se presentan los resultados parciales de un estudio cualitativo que, a través del método de investigación fundamentada y con la experiencia de un grupo de familias campesinas mayas, generó la categoría de educación comunitaria agroecológica. El objetivo de este texto es describir la educación comunitaria agroecológica y con sus componentes, que puede ser entendida como aquella dinámica habitual de la vida comunal que comprende procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje, cuya técnica principal es el aprender haciendo. En ésta se comparten conocimientos teóricos y prácticos al mismo tiempo (o casi al mismo tiempo), de forma que, tanto para los educadores como para los aprendices, los conocimientos se vuelven tangibles de manera inmediata. Aunque es necesario decir que no solamente se incluyen aspectos relacionados con la producción de alimentos, esa no es la razón de apellidarla agroecológica, sino más bien porque el mundo agro y su vínculo con la ecología (entendida como las diferentes maneras en las que los seres vivos se relacionan entre sí y con su entorno) son tan abarcadores y a la vez profundos que alcanzan a tocar diferentes dimensiones tanto de la individualidad como de la colectividad de las familias campesinas.
Apoyo emocional de la familia y éxito escolar en los estudiantes de educación básica
Authors: Sánchez Edwin , Dávila Oscar
Published: January 2022

El propósito de este estudio fue analizar el impacto del apoyo emocional en el éxito escolar mediante la revisión de publicaciones científicas iberoamericanas. El trabajo se enmarcó en el paradigma interpretativo, tuvo un enfoque cualitativo, con diseño documental y de alcance explicativo. Se revisaron artículos publicados entre los años 2017 y 2021, en revistas alojadas en bases de datos como Scopus, Ebsco, Web of Siencie, SciELO, Latindex y otras. Se pudo verificar que el acompañamiento emocional de los padres de familia impacta favorablemente en el éxito escolar de los niños y adolescentes. Además, entienden al apoyo que brindan a sus hijos como una tutoría parental, en algunos casos más constante que en otros. Durante la pandemia, ellos tuvieron la oportunidad de estar más cerca de sus hijos, compartieron y apoyaron en las actividades escolares. Los padres de familia forjan expectativas respecto al éxito escolar de sus hijos, pero su satisfacción de estas dependerá de la calidad de apoyo que les brinden. Estos resultados son importantes porque destacan la necesidad e importancia de que los padres de familia estén más presentes en la vida escolar de sus hijos si esperan que los estudiantes se comuniquen y relacionen asertivamente en distintos entornos, sean personas de bien, estudiantes exitosos y profesionales competitivos.
Competencia docente en matemática, ciencia y tecnología al resolver un problema de contexto con el complejo arqueológico inca de Raqchi, Cusco – Perú
Authors: Taipe Franklin , Mamani Noemy , Merma Delio , Huamaní Mónica , Quispe Prudencio
Published: January 2022

Competencies in math and science should be developed in teachers to exemplify students. For example, the archaeological complex of Raqchi or temple of the God Weracocha are ruins of the Inca culture. The objective was to find how many inhabitants the Inca citadel of Raqchi housed with mathematical competence, solve problems of quantity and science, investigate through scientific methods in secondary education teachers. The study was qualitative, with a content review and analysis methodology; four teachers from the Canas and Canchis Local Educational Management Unit were formed who solved the problem from virtual collegiate meetings. The result of the first group indicates 7538 inhabitants based on the number of Qolcas and the function of the work camp. The second concerning its military role mentions 5308 inhabitants, and the third on the hypothesis of an Inca temple indicates 291 inhabitants. Concluding that the competencies above were achieved according to the National Curriculum of Peru, autonomy, virtual collegiate work that promoted the continuous training of teachers.
Percepción futurista sobre pensamiento crítico en la nueva era
Authors: Tapia Marcela , Castañeda Edward
Published: January 2022

Los niños desde temprana edad deben adquirir capacidades superiores, que sirvan como base para su vida. Este estudio busca comprender la percepción de los aspectos más notables del pensamiento crítico en la época actual, con una mirada hacia el futuro. Mediante el análisis documental se realizó una exhaustiva revisión, observación, selección y recolección de información de los artículos científicos más relevantes publicados en los últimos años. Se recurrió a la búsqueda de bases de datos confiables, tanto nacionales como extranjeras. Se encontró que el pensamiento crítico tiene una ruta de notabilidad histórica en la humanidad. Además, la situación de la pandemia vivida en la actualidad permito evidenciar la necesidad de dejar lecciones de vida futurista, para no agobiarse, ni relegarse en el pasado. Siendo la capacidad de reinventarse una opción para dar soluciones a las posibles situaciones adversas que se presenten.
EXPERIMENTAL TEST AND FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF POTATO IMPACT ACCELERATION
Authors: Deng Weigang , Liu Chenglong , Li Peng , Wang Yanlong , Xie Shengshi , Wang Chunguang
Published: January 2022

To analyze the maximum acceleration (amax) of a potato colliding with different objects, both experimental test and finite element analysis (FEA) methods were used. Results showed that when potatoes were collided with the single rod, the steel plate and the double rods, the average discrepancies of FEA and experimental test values were 5.3%, 3.95% and 5.04%. The maximum acceleration increased with the increase of potato drop height, and decreased with the increase of potato mass. Under the same conditions, the maximum acceleration decreased in turn when the potatoes were collided with the steel plate, the single rod and the double rods. The FEA results showed that the maximum acceleration in collision with the steel plate was 60.78% to 96.29% higher than that with the double rods. The maximum acceleration in collision with the steel plate was 53.89% to 83.27% higher than that with the double rods. The maximum acceleration in collision with the single rod covered with soil was 37.65% and 31.54% lower than that without soil. The research methods and conclusions of this article provided a basis for the analysis of impact mechanics and damage mechanism of potatoes, and contributed to further researches related to solid-like agricultural and food products.
DEVELOPMENT AND TEST OF CORN STRAW KNEADING AND CONVEYING DEVICE
Authors: Geng Aijun , Gao Ang , Zhang Yinuo , Zhang Ji , Zhang Zhilong , Hu Xiaolong
Published: January 2022

Aiming at the low comprehensive utilization rate of corn straw resources, a straw kneading and cutting conveyor suitable for corn harvester was designed to improve the utilization rate of corn straw resources. The workbench module of ANSYS is used to carry out modal analysis of the two blades, and it is determined that the vibration frequency will not cause damage to the blade sweeping bore. By changing the structure of the movable blade shaft, the speed of the blade shaft can be reduced while ensuring the effect of straw crushing and collecting. In order to determine the best working parameters, three-factor and three-level orthogonal test was carried out with blade arrangement, blade shaft speed and length of feed straw as test factors, and the crushing rate of straw as evaluation index. The results show that the main factors influencing the crushing rate of straw are blade shaft speed, blade arrangement and the minor factor is the length of feed straw. Finally, the optimum combination parameters, blade arrangement, blade shaft speed 400 r/min and whole plant feed with straw, were determined. The corresponding straw crushing rate was 96.39%. The research meets the requirements of straw crushing and can provide technical scheme for comprehensive utilization of corn straw.
AUGER CONVEYOR-DISTRIBUTER OF GRAIN
Authors: Kupreenko Aleksey , Kuznetsov Yury , Bychkova Tatiana , Kravchenko Igor , Aldoshin Nikolay , Kalashnikova Larisa
Published: January 2022

The construction of a solar dryer-grain storage facilities is described. The design of a auger conveyor-distributor of grain for its loading is offered. The dependence of the width of the discharge opening in the casing of the auger conveyor-distributor on its length is obtained. The results of laboratory tests of the auger conveyor-distributor of grain are presented. It is established that the minimum initial width of the drain opening for wheat grain should be not less than 9 mm. The conditions of uniform distribution of grain by the auger conveyor-distributor are justified: the filling factor of the auger interturn space in its loading zone – 0.35; the length of the discharge opening of the charging hopper should be equal to the doubled value of the auger pitch size. In this case, the uneven distribution of grain along the discharge opening will be no more than 5%.
LONGITUDINAL COMPRESSING AND SHEARING PROPERTIES OF SILAGE CORN STALK IN NORTH CHINA PLAIN
Authors: Chen Meizhou , Xu Guangfei , Wei Maojian , Song Zhicai , Wang Wenjun , Diao Peisong , Teng Shaomin
Published: January 2022

During silage harvesting, silage corn stalk is compressed by a feeding device and fed into the shearing device to be sheared into qualified segments to make silage fermentation easier. To optimize the working quality of the existing silage harvester and reduce energy consumption, it’s necessary to make a comprehensive analysis of the longitudinal compressing and shearing properties of the silage corn stalks and get a reliable shearing model. According to the different structural properties of the silage corn stalks, the main factors affecting the shearing energy consumption and their levels were obtained by compressing and shearing tests on internodes and nodes in this paper. The results of three-level and three-factor experiments showed that the overall shearing energy consumption for nodes was much higher than that for internodes. Compressing the silage corn stalk to some extent before shearing at the loading direction of 0° and lower shearing speed was beneficial to saving energy during the process of shearing off the silage corn stalk. The reduced energy requirements of the silage corn stalk could be exploited advantageously to present new reference for the feeding and cutting mechanisms of silage harvester. The research results can provide a reference for silage corn harvesting.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON AIR FLOW FIELD CHARACTERISTICS OF SUCTION METERING DEVICE
Authors: Zhang Meng , Liu Zeqi , Zhuang Yajun , Han Jie , Xiang Yin , Yulong Chen
Published: January 2022

The vacuum seed metering device absorbs seeds by using the negative pressure generated by vacuum air flow. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the variation law of pyrolysis gas flow field to improve its seed metering performance. In this paper, the common disc and composite disc were selected as the research objects and tested on the indoor test-bed. The negative pressure was measured by U-type barometer, and the effects of fan speed, suction hole size, seed hole structure and air chamber thickness on the air flow field were studied. Firstly, the influence of fan rotation frequency on vacuum chamber negative pressure is studied, and the variation law of negative pressure in vacuum chamber and fan port of common disc and composite disc under the same frequency is compared. Secondly, the suction holes in the vacuum chamber were numbered, the negative pressure distribution of the suction holes was measured, and the influence of the number and diameter of the suction holes on the negative pressure of the vacuum chamber was studied. Finally, the negative pressure was measured at the distance of 0 to 10 mm from the suction hole to study the effect of seed hole structure on the air flow field. Moreover, increase the additional thickness of the vacuum chamber from 0 to 40 mm to study the influence of the chamber thickness on the distribution of the gas flow field. This paper makes a comprehensive experimental analysis on the influencing factors of air flow field of air suction seed metering device, necessary for future design of air suction seed metering device.