bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proportion of Physicians Who Treat Patients With Greater Social and Clinical Risk and Physician Inclusion in Medicare Advantage Networks
Authors: Gong Jung Ho , Johnston Kenton J. , Meyers David J.
Published: July 2023

Importance

Medicare Advantage (MA) plans are expanding rapidly, now serving 50% of all Medicare enrollees. Little is known about how inclusion rates of physicians in MA plan networks vary by the social and clinical risks of their patients.

Objective

To examine the association of physicians caring for patients with higher levels of social and clinical risk in traditional Medicare (TM) with the likelihood of inclusion in MA plan networks.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study evaluated the number of patients of physicians participating in TM Part B in 2019. The data analysis was conducted between June 2022 and March 2023.

Exposures

Quintiles of the proportion of patients who were dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid and average beneficiary hierarchical condition category (HCC) score (a measure of a patient’s chronic disease burden that is used in risk adjustment and MA plan payment, where higher scores indicate higher risk) in the Part B TM program.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcomes were the proportion of MA plans and enrollees for which physicians were in network.

Results

The analysis sample included 259 932 physicians billing Medicare Part B in 2019. After adjusting for physician, patient, and county characteristics, physicians with the highest quintile of patients with dual eligibility were associated with a lower likelihood of being included in MA plans and being in network with MA enrollees than the lowest quintile physicians (MA inclusion rate, −3.0% [95% CI, −3.2% to −2.8%]; P < .001; in-network enrollee proportion, −6.5% [95% CI, −7.0% to −6.0%]; P < .001). Similarly, physicians with the highest quintile HCC score were associated with a lower likelihood of being included in MA plans and being in network with MA enrollees than the lowest quintile physicians (MA inclusion rate, −7.5% [95% CI, −7.9% to −7.2%]; P < .001; in-network enrollee proportion, −18.7% [95% CI, −19.5% to −18.1%]; P < .001). Physicians in medical specialties in the highest clinical risk group (highest quintile HCC score) were associated with a significantly lower likelihood of being in network with MA enrollees than those in the lowest clinical risk group (in-network enrollee proportion, −20.4% [95% CI, −21.1% to −19.8%]; P < .001).

Conclusions and Relevance

This cross-sectional study of physicians participating in TM Part B in 2019 found that physicians with higher numbers of patients with social and medical risks in TM were significantly less likely to be associated with MA plans.
Realigning Reality With Intent in Funding Safety-Net Hospitals
Authors: Chatterjee Paula , Schpero William L.
Published: July 2023

This Viewpoint discusses how revisiting the design and implementation of the disproportionate share hospital program represents a key policy lever for improving health equity in the US.
Fabrication and Cell Culture Applications of Core‐Shell Hydrogel Fibers Composed of Chitosan/DNA Interfacial Polyelectrolyte Complexation and Calcium Alginate: Straight and Beaded Core Variations
Authors: Utagawa Yoshinobu , Ino Kosuke , Takinoue Masahiro , Shiku Hitoshi
Published: July 2023

Core‐shell hydrogel fibers are widely used in cell culture applications. A simple and rapid method is presented for fabricating core‐shell hydrogel fibers, consisting of straight or beaded core fibers, for cell culture applications. The core fibers are prepared using interfacial polyelectrolyte complexation (IPC) with chitosan and DNA. Briefly, two droplets of chitosan and DNA are brought in contact to form an IPC film, which is dragged to prepare an IPC fiber. The incubation time and DNA concentration are adjusted to prepare straight and beaded IPC fibers. The fibers with Ca2+ are immersed in an alginate solution to form calcium alginate shell hydrogels around the core IPC fibers. To the best of the knowledge, this is the first report of core‐shell hydrogel fibers with IPC fiber cores. To demonstrate cell culture, straight hydrogel fibers are applied to fabricate hepatic models consisting of HepG2 and 3T3 fibroblasts, and vascular models consisting of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and 3T3 fibroblasts. To evaluate the effect of co‐culture, albumin secretion, and angiogenesis are evaluated. Beaded hydrogel fibers are used to fabricate many size‐controlled spheroids for fiber and cloning applications. This method can be widely applied in tissue engineering and cell analysis.
Synthesis of Functionalized 2‐Pyrrolidinones Bearing N‐Trifluoromethylphenyl through A Formal [4+1] Cycloaddition of Cinnamaldehyde Nitrones and 1‐Ethynylnaphthalen‐2‐ols
Authors: Wei Cui , Cheng Xiao‐Ling , Chen Yan‐Jie , Liang Cui , Mo Dong‐Liang
Published: July 2023

A variety of functionalized 2‐pyrrolidinones bearing N‐trifluoromethylphenyl moieties were prepared in moderate to good yields with high diastereoselectivity through copper(II)‐catalyst and base co‐catalyzed formal [4+1] cycloaddition of cinnamaldehyde nitrones with 1‐ethynylnaphthalen‐2‐ols in the presence of m‐CPBA as the oxidant. The triple bond of 1‐ethynylnaphthalen‐2‐ol served as one‐carbon synthon for the pyrrolidinone ring formation. Mechanistic studies revealed that m‐CPBA played an important role to interrupt the intramolecular O‐cyclization to afford the 2‐pyrrolidinones. Moreover, the reaction could be easily performed at gram scales and the obtained products were selectively converted into diverse pyrroline scaffolds.
Rh‐Catalyzed Hydration/C−F Bond Cleavage of Fluorinated Diazoalkanes Enabling Synthesis of α‐Fluoro‐β‐ketophosphonates
Authors: Wang Qian , Liu Jiang , Mei Haibo , Pajkert Romana , Röschenthaler Gerd‐Volker , Han Jianlin
Published: July 2023

(β‐Diazo‐α,α‐difluoroethyl)phosphonates have been emerging as useful building blocks in organic synthetic chemistry in recent years, which can be used as diazo analog or masked carbene for the rapid assembly of difluoromethylene phosphonate‐containing compounds. Herein, we elaborate a method for the synthesis of α‐fluoro‐β‐ketophosphonates from hydration/C−F bond cleavage of in situ generated (β‐amino‐α,α‐difluoroethyl)phosphonates via a Rh‐carbene intermediate. Divers (β‐amino‐α,α‐difluoroethyl)phosphonates are tolerated in this reaction affording α‐fluoro‐β‐ketophosphonates in good yields. This reaction used the in situ generated water as the coupling partner, which represents a reaction of (β‐diazo‐α,α‐difluoroethyl)phosphonates and also a method for generating bioactive α‐fluoro‐β‐ketophosphonates.
Catalytic Hydrosilylation of Imines by Aluminum Hydride Cations
Authors: Bhandari Mamta , Rawat Sandeep , Kaur Mandeep , Singh Sanjay
Published: July 2023

In this work, the catalytic activity of electronically unsaturated three coordinated aluminum hydride cations [LAlH]+[HB(C6F5)3]− (1) and [LAlH]+[B(C6F5)4]− (2) in hydrosilylation of imines has been disclosed (L={(2,6‐iPr2C6H3N)P(Ph2)}2N). A variety of organo‐silanes such as Et3SiH, MePhSiH2, PhSiH3, TMDSO, and PHMS are screened in this endeavour. The amines as products of catalysis were obtained in good to excellent yields after the hydrolysis of silylamine intermediates. Further, a series of controlled experiments systematically designed to investigate the underlying mechanistic pathway through multinuclear NMR analysis showed Lewis adduct formation between cationic aluminum centre and the imine nitrogen, which subsequently undergoes reaction with silane to afford the product. The hydrosilylation of imine performed with Et3SiH using catalyst 1 with a loading of 2 mol % at 60 °C occurs smoothly. Whereas 2 led to the product formation with Et3SiH only when used in stoichiometric quantity. Further, to investigate this unique behaviour of 1 NMR investigations were performed and revealed that the anion in 1 competes for hydride delivery and in‐situ generates B(C6F5)3 that cooperatively reinforces the catalytic activity of 1.
Teachers and students use of systems thinking about their participation in school environmental clubs
Authors: Beach Richard
Published: July 2023

This report describes a study of three English teachers' and three students' participation in two high school environment clubs. Teachers' and students' interview perceptions were analyzed based a critical inquiry systems thinking framework involving inferences of purposes, outcomes, norms, and beliefs/discourses constituting energy/transportation, agriculture/food production, and economic systems impacts on climate change. Interviews were also analyzed in terms of teachers and students assuming roles in club projects and their use of tools mediating their participation in these projects. Teachers and students critiqued the purposes of systems as leading to negative climate change outcomes, as well as norms and beliefs/discourses justifying these systems. They also assumed roles related to fostering sustainability practices, including planting school gardens, supporting recycling/composting, and using tools to inform audiences about their activities. Literacy teachers can draw on the systems thinking framework for general instruction about systems impacting climate change.
3,5,7‐trihydroxyflavone restricts proliferation of androgen‐independent human prostate adenocarcinoma cells by inducing ROS‐mediated apoptosis and reduces tumour growth
Authors: Raza Waseem , Meena Abha , Luqman Suaib
Published: July 2023

Flavonoids are among the largest groups of secondary metabolites. Studies suggest that dietary intake of flavonoids reduces the risk of cancer. 3,5,7‐trihydroxyflavone (THF) belongs to the flavone class of flavonoids and potentially inhibits the growth of many cancers; however, it is unexplored in prostate cancer. This study reports the antiproliferative potential of THF in prostate cancer cell line via reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐mediated cascades and examines the tumour reduction potential in swiss albino mice. The potency of THF was evaluated by employing cytotoxicity assays and wound healing assays. Cell cycle, ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and Annexin‐V‐FITC assay were performed using a flow cytometer. In vivo, anticancer potential was achieved using the mice Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) model. THF inhibits cell growth with IC50 of 64.30 µM (MTT), 81.22 µM (NRU) and 25.81 µM (SRB), substantiated by cell migration assay. Cell‐cycle analysis revealed that THF increases the subdiploid population. Furthermore, the Annexin‐V‐FITC assay evoked a significant induction of late apoptosis at a higher concentration of THF. THF also disrupts MMP, caused by an increased generation of ROS. In the EAC model, THF significantly inhibits tumour growth and increases the percent survival of mice and ROS levels in EAC cells. Hence, it may be concluded that THF might execute its antiproliferative effect via inducing ROS generation and could be a promising lead for preclinical and clinical validations.
Incivility and interpersonal harm in organizational context: A qualitative exploration of values in STEM training programs
Authors: Rieger Agnes , Marder Maya A. , Blackburn Allyson M. , Garthe Rachel C. , Aber Mark S.
Published: July 2023

This study investigates science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) PhD students' perceptions of organizational values and incivility. Interviews with 26 STEM PhD students elicited examples of and perceptions surrounding incivility and related harms. Productivity, prestige, expertise, objectivity, self‐sufficiency, and collaboration values were identified. Each included aspects deemed useful (e.g., productivity fueling discovery; expertise facilitating learning) as well as potentially contributing to harm when weaponized (e.g., productivity appeared in incivility stories when one “looked down” on those who did not work long days; expertise appeared when people gossiped about intelligence). Some aspects of collaboration (e.g., long‐lasting working relationships fueling scientific discovery) may be protective. Organizational values such as productivity appeared to supersede considerations such as well‐being. Current framing of these values may bolster refusal to engage in or support social justice and mental health efforts, which some participants identified as needed. Implications across settings are discussed.
Hyperuricemia promotes the progression of atherosclerosis by activating endothelial cell pyroptosis via the ROS/NLRP3 pathway
Authors: He Bin , Nie Qiangqiang , Wang Feng , Wang Xuming , Zhou Yun , Wang Cheng , Guo Jing , Fan Xueqiang , Ye Zhidong , Liu Peng , Wen Jianyan
Published: July 2023

Hyperuricemia closely correlates with the development of atherosclerosis, but little is known of the mechanism by which atherosclerosis progression occurs in hyperuricemia. Atherosclerosis appears to involve pyroptosis, an emerging mechanism of proinflammatory regulated cell death. This study tested the hypothesis that pyroptosis underlies the relationship between hyperuricemia and atherosclerosis, using ApoE−/− mice (a model of atherosclerosis), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and human atherosclerotic arterial samples. We found that hyperuricemia can aggravate the aortic atherosclerotic plaque‐load in ApoE−/− mice and promote endothelial cell pyroptosis. Additionally, hyperuricemia can increase the levels of serum inflammatory factors (including IL‐1β and IL‐18). Exposure to lipopolysaccharide plus a high concentration of soluble uric acid (≥12 mg/dL) induced cell pyroptosis in HUVECs, as evidenced by increased expression of pyroptosis‐related proteins and elevated release of lactate dehydrogenase (a marker of tissue damage). Further, MCC950, a selective nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain (NOD)‐like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome inhibitor, and N‐acetyl‐
l‐cysteine, an antioxidant, attenuated HUVEC pyroptosis by inhibiting activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Finally, we detected significantly higher expression of pyroptosis‐associated proteins in carotid specimens from patients with hyperuricemia. Collectively, our findings suggest that hyperuricemia can aggravate endothelial cell pyroptosis in aortic atherosclerotic plaques, promoting the development of atherosclerosis. Additionally, a high concentration of soluble uric acid can trigger the activation stage of the NLRP3 inflammasome, mediating endothelial cell pyroptosis, and this process is regulated by the cellular ROS level.
Acute orchitis deciphered: Coxsackievirus B strains are the main etiology and their presence in semen is associated with acute inflammation and risk of persistent oligozoospermia
Authors: Pilatz Adrian , Arneth Borros , Kaiser Rolf , Heger Eva , Pirkl Martin , Böttcher Sindy , Fritzenwanker Moritz , Renz Harald , Mankertz Annette , Schuppe Hans‐Christian , Wagenlehner Florian
Published: July 2023

Although various viruses are considered to be the clinical cause for acute orchitis, it is completely unclear to what extent and which viruses are etiologically involved in acute orchitis and what the clinic and course of these patients are like. Therefore, a prospective study was set up to decipher acute isolated orchitis. Between July 2007 and February 2023, a total of 26 patients with isolated orchitis were recruited and compared with 530 patients with acute epididymitis. We were able to show for isolated orchitis, that (1) orchitis is usually of viral origin (20/26, 77%) and enteroviruses with coxsackievirus B strains (16/26, 62%) are predominant, (2) virus isolates could be received from semen indicating the presence of replication‐competent virus particles, (3) a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for enteroviruses should be conducted using semen provided at the onset of disease, because the virus is not detectable in serum/urine, (4) there is a circannual occurrence with the maximum in summer, (5) orchitis is associated with a characteristic inflammatory cytokine panel in the semen and systemic inflammation, (6) orchitis is usually rapidly self‐limiting, and (7) about 30% of patients (6/20) suffer ongoing oligozoospermia. These seven emerging aspects are likely to fundamentally change thinking and clinical practice regarding acute isolated orchitis.
Generation of bright‐dark Q‐switched pulse pair in thulium‐doped fiber laser cavity with titanium aluminum carbide absorber
Authors: Omar Suziana , Musa Baktiar , Rosol Ahmad Haziq Aiman , Jusoh Zulzilawati , Yasin Moh , Harun Sulaiman Wadi
Published: July 2023

The proposed titanium aluminum carbide (Ti3AlC2) film‐based saturable absorber (SA) for Q‐switching in thulium‐doped fiber laser (TDFL) cavity offers a cost‐effective and practical alternative to conventional SA materials such as graphene or semiconductor. The Ti3AlC2 film was produced using a simple and low‐cost casting approach with polyvinyl alcohol as a binder. The SA was devised from the film using a sandwich‐structured fiber‐ferrule platform and integrated into a TDFL ring cavity. The generated Q‐switched pulses were stable and had a repetition rate of up to 20.82 kHz with a minimum pulse width of 3.167 µs and a maximum pulse energy of 58.12 nJ. The Q‐switched laser produced the bright‐dark pulse pair. These results demonstrate the potential of Ti3AlC2 as a promising SA material for practical applications in the field of fiber lasers.
Self‐monitoring with goal‐setting: Decreasing disruptive behavior in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: McKenna Kara , Bray Melissa A. , Fitzmaurice Brenna , Choi Dowon , DeMaio Erin , Bray Clark R. , Bernstein Carly
Published: July 2023

This study sought to investigate the effects of a self‐monitoring (SM) with goal‐setting (GS) intervention on students' disruptive behavior. A multiple baseline A‐B‐BC design was implemented across five elementary school‐aged participants diagnosed with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to examine the use of a behavioral intervention combining SM and GS techniques to decrease disruptive behavior. The results of this study suggest that SM with GS appears to be an effective intervention package for decreasing the disruptive behavior of students with ADHD and that these behavioral decreases sustain after intervention completion. Results also suggest moderate benefits of using a SM with GS intervention over a SM intervention. Teacher ratings suggest that the SM with GS package is moderately acceptable for classroom use.
Emotional neglect and posttraumatic growth among Chinese adolescents: A moderated mediation model of psychological suzhi and school engagement
Authors: Chen Yang , Zhan Shenshen , Zhao Xinyi , Chen Siyuan , Yin Huazhan
Published: July 2023

Emotional neglect is an under‐recognized but relatively common type of childhood maltreatment. Although it has been reported that adolescents will facilitate positive growth after experiencing childhood maltreatment, such as sexual abuse, it is unknown whether adolescents could also get a promotion after experiencing emotional neglect. Thus, we aimed to examine the association between emotional neglect and posttraumatic growth (PTG) and further explored the potential influence factors underlying such association. Six hundred and thirty‐five adolescents (55.2% female, Mage = 14.12 years old, SD = 1.47) were asked to complete self‐report questionnaires regarding emotional neglect, school engagement, psychological suzhi, and PTG. Results showed that emotional neglect was negatively associated with PTG, and school engagement mediated such association. Further, psychological suzhi moderated the direct pathway from emotional neglect to PTG in which the deleterious effect of emotional neglect on PTG was weaker for adolescents who reported higher psychological suzhi. Meanwhile, psychological suzhi moderated the indirect pathway from emotional neglect to school engagement in the mediated model in which the deleterious effect of emotional neglect on school engagement was weaker for adolescents who reported higher psychological suzhi. Overall, the current study advances our understanding of the relationship between emotional neglect and PTG, and further tests the potential roles of school engagement and psychological suzhi in this relationship.
The effects of student and school characteristics on SEL skills of adolescents: A hierarchical linear modelling
Authors: Ağirkan Murat , Keklik İbrahim , Ergene Tuncay
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to examine student and school characteristics that could affect adolescents' social and emotional learning (SEL) skills. The study group consisted of randomly selected 3017 high school students from 42 schools in Turkey. According to two‐level Hierarchical Linear Modelling analysis findings, the mean SEL scores of schools differed statistically significantly. The variables of academic achievement, participation in events (scientific, artistic, sports, community services), adolescent‐parent relationships, and absenteeism status variables were important predictors of SEL scores at the student level. The variables of the relationship between students, teacher–student relationships, number of students/teachers, music class (active use), number of student clubs in the school, parental involvement, presence of school counselor, and disciplinary action rate were important predictors of SEL scores at the school level. Findings were thoroughly discussed in relation to the existing literature, and recommendations were made for future studies and applications.
Clinical scope and healthcare utilization in childhood interstitial lung disease at a tertiary center
Authors: Feld Lance , Voss Laura , Li Zeyu Nancy , Rice Jessica L. , Josephson Maureen , Li Yun , McGrath‐Morrow Sharon , Young Lisa R.
Published: July 2023

Childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) is a heterogeneous group of diffuse lung diseases that can be challenging to diagnose. With relative rarity of individual entities, data are limited on disease prevalence, care patterns, and healthcare utilization. The objective of this study was to evaluate chILD prevalence and review diagnostic and clinical care patterns at our center. A single‐center, retrospective cohort study was conducted of patients receiving care at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2021. Through query of selected ICD‐10 billing codes relevant for chILD and medical chart review, a total of 306 patients were identified receiving pulmonary care during this period. Respiratory symptom onset was documented to have developed before 2 years of age for 40% of cases. The most common diagnostic categories included those with oncologic disease (21.2%), bronchiolitis obliterans (10.1%), and connective tissue disease (9.5%). Genetic testing was performed in 49% of cases, while 36% underwent lung biopsy. Hospitalization at CHOP had occurred for 80.4% of patients, with 45.1% ever hospitalized in an intensive care unit. One‐third of children had required chronic supplemental oxygen. Seven (2.3%) patients died during this 3‐year period. Collectively, these data demonstrate the scope of chILD and extent of health care utilization at a large volume tertiary care center. This approach to cohort identification and EMR‐driven data collection in chILD provides new opportunities for cohort analysis and will inform the feasibility of future studies.
Acidity‐Responsive Nanoreactors Destructed “Warburg Effect” for Toxic‐Acidosis and Starvation Synergistic Therapy
Authors: Zhu Jiawei , Cai Hao , Xu Chengshuang , Wang Wenjun , Song Xuejiao , Li Buhong , Shen Yi , Dong Xiaochen
Published: July 2023

“Warburg Effect” shows that most tumor cells rely on aerobic glycolysis for energy supply, leading to malignant energy deprivation and an “internal alkaline external acid” tumor microenvironment. Destructing the “Warburg Effect” is an effective approach to inhibit tumor progression. Herein, an acidity‐responsive nanoreactor (Au@CaP‐Flu@HA) is fabricated for toxic acidosis and starvation synergistic therapy. In the nanoreactor, the fluvastatin (Flu) could reduce lactate efflux by inhibiting the lactate‐proton transporter (monocarboxylate transporters, MCT4), resulting in intracellular lactate accumulation. Meanwhile, the glucose oxidase‐mimic Au‐nanocomposite consumes glucose to induce cell starvation accompanied by gluconic acid production, coupling with lactate to exacerbate toxic acidosis. Also, the up‐regulated autophagic energy supply of tumor cells under energy deprivation and hypoxia aggravation is blocked by autophagy inhibitor CaP. Cellular dysfunction under pHi acidification and impaired Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) synthesis under starvation synergistically promote tumor cell apoptosis. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that this combinational approach of toxic‐acidosis/starvation therapy could effectively destruct the “Warburg Effect” to inhibit tumor growth and anti‐metastatic effects.
Overview of Stability and Coordination Control for MVDC Traction Power Supply System
Authors: Li Xin , Wang Pengji
Published: July 2023

The traditional 25KV electric railways have various problems such as power quality issues, passing neutral sections, complex storage, and utilization of regenerative braking energy, the medium‐voltage direct current (MVDC) traction power supply system (TPSS) may be a potential alternative electric railway mode and can be freely accessed to the renewable energy and energy storage systems, which is an important development direction of the future low‐carbon RES. This paper first describes the structure and characteristics of the current Railway Electrification System (RES), and then analyzes and summarizes the current research status of the MVDC TPSS topology structure, modeling method, stability criterion, and analysis method and coordination control strategy. Finally, combined with the research status, the development direction of the MVDC TPSS has prospected. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Facial mimicry is not modulated by dopamine D2/3 and opioid receptor antagonism
Authors: Korb Sebastian , Clarke Alasdair , Massaccesi Claudia , Willeit Matthäus , Silani Giorgia
Published: July 2023

Rationale

According to theories of embodied cognition, facial mimicry — the spontaneous, low-intensity imitation of a perceived emotional facial expression — is first an automatic motor response, whose accompanying proprioceptive feedback contributes to emotion recognition. Alternative theoretical accounts, however, view facial mimicry as an emotional response to a rewarding stimulus, and/or an affiliative signal, and thus reject the view of an automatic motor copy.

Objectives

To contribute to this debate and further investigate the neural basis of facial mimicry, as well as its relation to reward processing, we measured facial reactions to dynamic happy and angry faces after pharmacologically manipulating the opioid and dopamine systems — respectively, thought to subserve ‘liking’ and ‘wanting’ of rewards.

Methods

In a placebo-controlled, double-blind experiment, 130 volunteers received in a between-subjects design 50 mg of the opioidergic antagonist naltrexone, 400 mg of the dopaminergic antagonist amisulpride, or placebo.

Results

Clear occurrence of facial mimicry, measured 4 h after drug intake with electromyography (EMG) of the zygomaticus major and corrugator supercilii muscles, was found. However, facial mimicry was not affected by either compound, as shown with both frequentist statistics, and a Bayesian asymptotic regression model.

Conclusions

This null finding does not support the hypothesis that facial mimicry (of happiness) reflects an emotional response to a rewarding stimulus, leaving open the possibility of facial mimicry being an automatic motor copy. The results are relevant to the discussion about the psychological nature and the neural basis of facial mimicry, although they should be considered preliminary, given the challenges of interpreting null findings when targeting a novel effect of unknown size.
OKAY as a content word: Regulating language and constructing centres of norms in Finnish, Finland-Swedish, and Sweden-Swedish academic writing consultation meetings
Authors: Henricson Sofie , Mäntynen Anne , Nelson Marie , Savijärvi Marjo
Published: July 2023

The focus of this article is on OKAY as a resource for regulating language and constructing norm centres in authentic consultation meetings related to academic writing and recorded in Finland and Sweden. It gives an overview of all occurrences of OKAY in the interactional data in question, revealing that the word occurs frequently in academic writing consultations in Finnish, Finland Swedish, and Sweden Swedish. There are similarities in the frequency of its use and the distribution of occurrences between counsellor and student in the Finnish and the Finland-Swedish data, whereas the Sweden-Swedish counselling interactions follow a slightly different pattern. Through the lens of conversation analysis and systemic–functional linguistics, we further demonstrate how the counsellors and the students use the evaluative content word OKAY as a resource for regulating both academic writing and the counselling interaction, and thereby position themselves epistemically and orient towards different centres of norms.
Early-life stress perturbs the epigenetics of Cd36 concurrent with adult onset of NAFLD in mice
Authors: Fu Qi , Frick Jenna M. , O’Neil Maura F. , Eller Olivia C. , Morris E. Matthew , Thyfault John P. , Christianson Julie A. , Lane Robert H.
Published: July 2023

Background

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases in the U.S. and worldwide. The roles of early postnatal life stress (EPLS) and the fatty acid translocase (CD36) on the pathogenesis of adult-onset NAFLD remain unknown. We hypothesized that EPLS, in the form of neonatal maternal separation (NMS), would predispose mice towards developing adult NAFLD, increase hepatic CD36 expression, and differentially methylate Cd36 promoter concurrently.

Methods

NMS was performed on mice from postnatal day 1 to 21 and a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFS) diet was started at 4 weeks of age to generate four experimental groups: Naive-control diet (CD), Naive-HFS, NMS-CD, and NMS-HFS.

Results

NMS alone caused NAFLD in adult male mice at 25 weeks of age. The effects of NMS and HFS were generally additive in terms of NAFLD, hepatic Cd36 mRNA levels, and hepatic Cd36 promoter DNA hypomethylation. Cd36 promoter methylation negatively correlated with Cd36 mRNA levels. Two differentially methylated regions (DMRs) within Cd36 promoter regions appeared to be vulnerable to NMS in the mouse.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that NMS increases the risk of an individual, particularly male, towards NAFLD when faced with a HFS diet later in life.

Impact

The key message of this article is that neonatal maternal separation and a postweaning high-fat/high-sucrose diet increased the risk of an individual, particularly male, towards NAFLD in adult life.

What this study adds to the existing literature includes the identification of two vulnerable differentially methylated regions in hepatic Cd36 promoters whose methylation levels very strongly negatively correlated with Cd36 mRNA.

The impact of this article is that it provides an early-life environment-responsive gene/promoter methylation model and an animal model for furthering the mechanistic study on how the insults in early-life environment are “transmitted” into adulthood and caused NAFLD.
Evaluating Changes in del Nido Cardioplegia Practices in Adult Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Likosky Donald S. , Wu Xiaoting , Fitzgerald David C. , Haft Jonathan W. , Paone Gaetano , Romano Matthew A. , Goldberg Joshua B. , DeLucia Alphonse , Sturmer David L. , Grix David M. , Nieter Donald H. , Graebner Brittney N. , Dickinson Timothy A. ,   for the PERForm Registry and the Michigan Society of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons Quality Collaborative
Published: July 2023

There has been a rapid adoption of the use of del Nido cardioplegia (DC) among adults undergoing cardiac surgery. We leveraged a multicenter database to evaluate differences over time in the choice and impact of cardioplegia type (DC vs. blood) among patients undergoing cardiac surgery. We evaluated 26,373 patients undergoing non-emergent coronary artery bypass and/or valve surgery between 2014–2015 (early period) and 2017–2018 (late period) at 31 centers. DC was compared with blood-based cardioplegia (BC: 1:1, 2:1, 4:1, 8:1, and variable ratio). We evaluated whether treatment choice differed across prespecified patient characteristics, procedure type, and perfusion practices by time period. We evaluated increased DC use with clinical outcomes (major morbidity and mortality, prolonged intubation, and renal failure), after adjusting for baseline characteristics, procedure type, center, and year. DC use increased from 19.6% in 2014–2015 to 41.5% in 2017–2018,p< .001. Increased DC use occurred among coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), valve, and CABG + valve procedures, allp< .001. Differences in median procedural duration increased over time (DC vs. BC): 1) bypass duration was 11.0 minutes shorter with DC in the early period and 27.0 minutes shorter in the late period, and 2) cross-clamp duration was 7.0 minutes shorter with DC in the early period and 17.0 minutes shorter in the late period, allp< .001. There were no statistical differences in adjusted odds of major morbidity and mortality (odds ratio [OR]adj: 1.01), prolonged intubation (ORadj: .99), or renal failure (ORadj: .80) by DC use (p> .05). In this large multicenter experience, DC use increased over time and was associated with reduced bypass and ischemic time absent any significant differences in adjusted outcomes.
Bivalirudin and Alteplase for Pulmonary Embolism Requiring Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in an Adolescent
Authors: Machado Desiree S. , Tule Manjiri , Philip Joseph , Wynn Tung , Lazarowicz Michael , Machuca Tiago , Pipkin Mauricio , Alnuhaimat Hassan , Ebraheem Mohammad , Peek Giles , Bleiweis Mark
Published: July 2023

Saddle pulmonary embolism (PE) remains a challenge to diagnose and manage in pediatric patients. Current literature encourages early consideration of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) in high-risk PE patients with impending right ventricular failure. We present a 17-year-old patient who was admitted to a pediatric cardiac intensive care unit with saddle PE requiring emergent VA-ECMO support because of cardiovascular collapse. Despite anticoagulation with bivalirudin and receiving systemic thrombolysis with alteplase, the clot burden was persistent with minimal improvement in right ventricular function. We proceeded to catheter thrombolysis while on VA-ECMO. This ultimately led to a successful resolution of the PE and allowed for weaning off VA-ECMO. PE is rare in children compared with adults, and pediatricians may be unaware of therapies becoming increasingly used in adults such as the use of VA-ECMO, with systemic and local thrombolysis. The concurrent use of a direct thrombin inhibitor for ECMO anticoagulation alongside the thrombolysis is a novel combination in this condition and age-group.
Cell Saver Blood Reinfusion Up to 24 Hours Post Collection in Pediatric Cardiac Surgical Patients Does Not Increase Incidence of Hospital-Acquired Infections or Mortality
Authors: Boulos Laura , Kuebler Joseph D. , Angona Ron , Sweeney Dawn , Wang Hongyue , Nocera Elizabeth , Cholette Jill M.
Published: July 2023

Cell saver blood reinfusion, a blood conservation technique recently available for pediatric use, is typically limited to 6 hours post processing to guard against bacterial contamination. We hypothesize that reinfusion of cell saver blood up to 24 hours post collection in children after cardiac surgery will not increase the incidence of hospital-acquired infections (HAI). The primary aim is to compare incidence of HAI between children receiving cell saver blood ≤6 hours vs. >6 to ≤24 hours from its collection. The secondary aim is to compare mortality and clinical outcomes. Retrospective chart review of children ≤18 years undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) from 2013 to 2018 when cell saver collection and bedside temperature controlled storage became standard of care. Patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) within 48 hours postoperatively and those who did not receive cell saver were excluded. The primary outcome was HAI incidence postoperative days 0–6. Demographic data included diagnosis, surgical severity score, and clinical outcomes. 466 patients, 45% female. No significant between-group differences identified. There was no significant difference in HAI (control 8.5% vs. treatment 8.0%,p= .80) and death (control 7.9% vs. treatment 4.9%,p= .20). Noninferiority testing indicated the treatment group was not statistically inferior to the control group (p= .0028). Kaplan–Meier curve depicted similar status between-group rates of no infection or death; 92% treatment vs. 91% control. Total volume allogeneic red blood cell transfusion (allogeneic blood transfusion [ABT]) up to 24 hours postoperatively was significantly less in the treatment group,p< .0001. Incidence of HAI or mortality was not increased in patients receiving cell saver blood reinfusion >6 to ≤24 hours post collection. Treatment subjects received significantly less volume of ABT. Considering the risks of ABT, these findings support cell saver blood reinfusion up to 24 hours post collection.
2.1 Base-Metal-Mediated Cross Couplings Using N-(Acyloxy)phthalimides
Authors: Panda S. P. , Hota S. K. , Jindal A. , Murarka S.
Published: July 2023

Decarboxylative radical cross couplings involving N-(acyloxy)phthalimides as alkyl halide surrogates have evolved as a powerful strategy to forge a variety of C(sp3)—C and C(sp3)—X (X = B, Si, etc.) bonds. Such single-electron-transfer-induced couplings are robust, chemoselective, and scalable, and are generally mediated by base metals such as nickel, iron, cobalt, and copper. This chapter delineates the significant developments made in this area, including accompanying mechanistic discussions and representative procedures, with an organization that is based on the type of bond formation.
2.3 Cobalt- and Iron-Catalyzed Hydroboration
Authors: Ge S. , Yang X.
Published: July 2023

The hydroboration reaction provides a highly practical and straightforward approach to access organoboron compounds. In modern synthetic chemistry, catalysts based on abundant transition metals such as cobalt and iron have been widely employed in this transformation. This chapter summarizes some selected recent examples of cobalt- and iron-catalyzed hydroboration reactions of unsaturated organic molecules, such as alkenes, alkynes, dienes, diynes, enynes, ketones, and nitriles, with an emphasis on the control of chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity.
2.15 Manganese-Catalyzed C—H Functionalization
Authors: Yang Y. , Wang C.
Published: July 2023

Manganese-catalyzed directed C—H functionalization is an efficient and straightforward approach for the formation of a variety of C—C and C—heteroatom bonds. In this review, we summarize the most significant advances in manganese-catalyzed C(sp2)—H functionalizations, including C—H alkenylation, alkylation, allylation, cyclization, amination, cyanation, borylation, and hydroxymethylation. The chapter is classified based on the type of newly formed chemical bond (C—C, C—N, C—B, and C—D bonds) and the reacting partner.
A Volume = Multiplicity formula for 𝑝-families of ideals
Authors: Das Sudipta
Published: July 2023

In this article, we work with certain families of ideals called

p
p

-families in rings of prime characteristic. This family of ideals is present in the theories of tight closure, Hilbert-Kunz multiplicity, and

F
F

-signature. For each

p
p

-family of ideals, we attach an Euclidean object called

p
p

-body, which is analogous to the Newton Okounkov body associated with a graded family of ideals. Using the combinatorial properties of

p
p

-bodies and algebraic properties of the Hilbert-Kunz multiplicity, we establish a Volume = Multiplicity formula for

p
p

-families of

m

R

\mathfrak {m}_{R}

-primary ideals in a Noetherian local ring

R
R

.
Activity of ceritinib in crizotinib-resistant ROS1-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Zhang Huixian , Li Xingya , Zhang Ziheng , Huang Siyuan , Guo Qianqian , Yan Ningning
Published: July 2023

As a second-generation selective oral anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitor, ceritinib is an effective first-line treatment for c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1)-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Its efficacy and safety for the treatment of crizotinib-resistant ROS1-rearranged NSCLC were explored in the study. A retrospective single-center study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of ceritinib in crizotinib-resistant ROS1-rearranged NSCLC. The objective response rate was the primary objective, while the disease control rate, progression-free survival and adverse events were secondary objectives. From December 2015 to October 2021, a total of 246 patients with ROS1-rearranged NSCLC were screened, 12 (4.9%) of whom were treated with ceritinib after the development of crizotinib resistance. Among the 12 crizotinib-resistant patients included, 3 displayed the efficacy of partial response and 3 had the efficacy of stable condition. The objective response rate, disease control rate and median progression-free survival of all patients were 25% (95% confidence interval [CI]: −3.7% to 53.7%; 3 of 12 patients), 50% (95% CI: 16.8% to 83.2%; 6 of 12 patients), and 10.5 months (95% CI, 5.7 to 15.3 months), respectively. In addition, of the 6 patients with brain metastases, an intracranial disease control rate of 66.7% (95% CI:12.5% to 120.9%) was obtained. The research results reveal that ceritinib can be a treatment option for ROS1-rearranged NSCLC patients after the development of crizotinib resistance.
Evaluation of the 101 most cited immunology articles: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Yilmaz Hanci Sevgi
Published: July 2023

In our study, the 101 most cited publications in the field of “Immunology” in the Web of Science (WoS) database were evaluated bibliometrically. The “WoS” database “advanced mode" was used in this study. A search was conducted in the field of “Immunology.” The top 101 most-cited publications were then identified. The total number of citations of the publications, annual number of citations, authors, information of the study, and journal were analyzed. There were 1,191,384 publications in the field of “Immunology” in the WoS between 1975 and 2023. The total citation average of the 101 most cited publications was 3765.69 ± 4142.7 and the annual citation average was 180.91 ± 133.1. The first 3 subjects in the first 101 articles were listed as “apoptosis–cancer immunology” (14.85%), “monocyte-macrophage”(14.58%), and “T-cell”(13.86%), respectively. The 3 journals in which the studies were published the most were determined as “Annual Review of Immunology” (18.81%), “Nature Reviews Immunology” (17.82%) and “Nature Immunology” (10.89%). Only 1.98% of publications were published after 2014. A significant relationship was found between the study type, impact factor of the journal, continent of journal and publisher, funding status, year of publication, and number of citations per year (P < .05). Our study is the first to analyze the top 101 most-cited studies in the field of “immunology" and their citation characteristics. The study’s journals, publishers, publication features, funding status, and publication year affect the number of citations per year.
Association of lifestyle habits and cardiovascular risk among sedentary adults
Authors: Peng Linyu , Chen Lidan , Wang Shen , Guo Lianmeng , Liang Wenhao , Zhou Jie , Shi Niujin , Huang Junhao , Hu Min , Liao Jingwen
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to analyze the association of lifestyle habits (physical activity, sleep habits, and eating habits) with cardiovascular risk (arterial stiffness and autonomic nervous system function) among sedentary adults. Sixty adults of sedentariness and physical activity were evaluated by accelerometers; sleep and eating habits were assessed by questionnaires; cardiovascular risks were assessed by pulse wave velocity (PWV), ankle-brachial index, flow mediated dilation, and heart rate variability; circulating biomarkers were also determined. Prolonged sitting (represented by longer maximum length of sedentary bouts, lower length of sedentary breaks, and more total time of sitting) were (P < .05) significantly associated with matrix metalloproteinases, neuropeptide Y, C-reactive protein, peptide Y, ghrelin, and leptin; significant associations (P < .05) were also observed of total time in physical activity with most circulating biomarkers except interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and adiponectin. Sleep habits, especially sleep efficiency, were (P < .05) significantly associated with PWV, ankle-brachial index, and circulating biomarkers. Eating habits (including emotional overeating and enjoyment of food) were (P < .05) significantly associated with PWVs and flow mediated dilation; satiety responsiveness and enjoyment of food were (P < .05) significantly associated with low-frequency spectral component expressed in normalized units, high frequency spectral component expressed in normalized units, and ratio between low-frequency/high frequency spectral component expressed in normalized units. The findings indicated that several lifestyle habits among sedentary adults were closely associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Sedentary people were encouraged to live with sufficient physical activity, good sleep, and healthy eating habits for decreasing arterial stiffness and balancing autonomic nervous function.
Comminuted lunate fracture combined with distal radius fracture and scaphoid fracture: A case report
Authors: Li Jun , Zhao Guangyue , Zhang Weiliang
Published: July 2023

Rationale:

Incidence of lunate fractures is very low, less than 1% of all fractures. Lunate fractures generally come from high-energy injuries, often combined with other wrist fractures. Simple lunate fractures can be fixed with screws or Kirschner wires. However, Comminuted lunate fractures are difficult to reduce and fixe by conventional methods.

Patient concerns:

Here we report a 42-year-old male construction worker who was crushed by an excavator bucket and presented with comminuted lunate fracture combined with distal radius fracture and scaphoid fracture.

Diagnoses:

Comminuted lunate fracture, distal radius fracture, and scaphoid fracture.

Interventions:

The posterior approach was used to reconstruct the radial lunate bone with polymethylmethacrylate cement, and cannulated screws were used to fix the scaphoid and distal radius fractures.

Outcomes:

At the 3rd month after surgery, the movement of the right wrist joint improved. At the sixth month after surgery, the patient returned to the building site and began working at the same intensity as before the injury.

Lessons:

Although the incidence of comminuted lunate fractures is very low, they occur sometimes. For comminuted lunate fractures, early identification and intervention can preserve most of the function of the wrist joint.