bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computing quaternion matrix pseudoinverse with zeroing neural networks
Authors: Kovalnogov Vladislav N. , Fedorov Ruslan V. , Demidov Denis A. , Malyoshina Malyoshina A. , Simos Theodore E. , Mourtas Spyridon D. , Katsikis Vasilios N.
Published: July 2023

In recent years, it has become essential to compute the time-varying quaternion (TVQ) matrix Moore-Penrose inverse (MP-inverse or pseudoinverse) to solve time-varying issues in a range of disciplines, including engineering, physics and computer science. This study examines the problem of computing the TVQ matrix MP-inverse using the zeroing neural network (ZNN) approach, which is nowadays considered a cutting edge technique. As a consequence, three new ZNN models are introduced for computing the TVQ matrix MP-inverse in the literature for the first time. Particularly, one model directly employs the TVQ input matrix in the quaternion domain, while the other two models, respectively, use its complex and real representations. In four numerical simulations and a real-world application involving robotic motion tracking, the models exhibit excellent performance.
A Framework for Exploring the Global Performance of Service Supply Chain Management
Authors: Bentalha Badr
Published: July 2023

Contemporary managerial thinking and practices have been developed in an economic context dominated by industrial logic. This logic conceals the imposing weight of services. Logistics is an activity that is undergoing major changes due to new technologies and managerial innovations. The advent of the supply chain service (SSCM), as a dual concept combining both traditional supply operations and the coordination of various resources, with a view to customer satisfaction, while integrating constraints of time, capacity, shared resources, and co-production, has turned logistics research upside down. The purpose of this chapter is to establish a qualitative analysis of the impact of MCSS practices on the performance of the service company. The theoretical analysis and the review of interviews show that SSCM approaches differ, and that company performance is viewed differently depending on each SSCM practice, and also depending on the multiple facets of this performance. Based on this qualitative review, several observations are identified.
Hydrometeorological Landslides on the Windward Side of Western Ghats – A Case Study of Kootickal, Kerala, India
Authors: Amrutha A. S. , Varghese A. , Prakash S. , Baiju K. R.
Published: July 2023

On the windward side of Western Ghats, the frequency of landslides has significantly increased in recent years. Kerala had catastrophic landslides and floods in 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021, resulting in loss of lives and property. On October 2021, a cloudburst occurred in middle Kerala, causing multiple devastating landslides in districts of Kottayam and Idukki. The study focused on how the topographic, physical, geological, and anthropogenic factors in the windward slope of the Western Ghats influence the occurrence of landslides. The landslide susceptibility was analyzed using the frequency ratio method on the basis of recently occurred landslide locations in the Manimala river basin, with special reference to Kootikal. The impact of each factor was analyzed against the GPS coordinates of landslide locations to estimate the frequency ratio value. The findings revealed that the torrential rainfall experienced in Kerala and the anthropogenic activities, especially the watershed management work performed in the area, significantly increased landslide susceptibility of the basin. About 5% of Manimala river basin is highly susceptible to landslides, and this area comes under the Kootikal sub-basin. The study recommends a rigorous geophysical assessment on the influence of watershed management operations on a landslide and an EIA of roads in the Kootickal region.
CD4 Phenotypes Are Associated with Reduced Expansion of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Melanoma Patients Treated with Adoptive Cell Therapy
Authors: Thompson Brian , Strange Ann , Amato Carol M , Hester-McCullough Jonathan , Sarnaik Amod A , Weber Jeffrey S , Woods David M
Published: July 2023

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) adoptive cell therapy is effective in treating malignant melanoma, but its success relies on the adequate ex vivo expansion of TIL. To assess correlates of TIL expansion, CD4+ and CD8+ TIL were analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing of acetylated histone 3. Patients were grouped into “TIL high” and “TIL low” based on division at the median number of TIL infused. Greater numbers of TIL infused correlated with longer overall survival, and increased frequencies of CD4+ cells infused were negatively correlated with the number of TIL infused. RNA-seq analysis of CD4+ TIL showed increases in Th2/Th17/regulatory T cell–related transcripts and pathways in the TIL-low group. Analysis of a public single-cell RNA-seq dataset validated findings that increased frequencies of CD4+ cells were negatively correlated with the number of TIL infused. TIL-low patients had significantly increased frequencies of CD4+ cells expressing ETS2 and OSM and trended toward increased expression of TNFRSF18.
Advantages of nanocarriers for basic research in the field of traumatic brain injury
Authors: Song Xingshuang , Zhang Yizhi , Tang Ziyan , Du Lina
Published: July 2023

A major challenge for the efficient treatment of traumatic brain injury is the need for therapeutic molecules to cross the blood-brain barrier to enter and accumulate in brain tissue. To overcome this problem, researchers have begun to focus on nanocarriers and other brain-targeting drug delivery systems. In this review, we summarize the epidemiology, basic pathophysiology, current clinical treatment, the establishment of models, and the evaluation indicators that are commonly used for traumatic brain injury. We also report the current status of traumatic brain injury when treated with nanocarriers such as liposomes and vesicles. Nanocarriers can overcome a variety of key biological barriers, improve drug bioavailability, increase intracellular penetration and retention time, achieve drug enrichment, control drug release, and achieve brain-targeting drug delivery. However, the application of nanocarriers remains in the basic research stage and has yet to be fully translated to the clinic.
Shenyi Capsule Prolongs Postoperative Survival of Patients with Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Li Dao-Rui , Hou Wei , Hua Bao-Jin , Zhang Pei-Tong , Xiong Lu , Liu Hao , Mao Qi-Yuan , Lin Hong-Sheng , Piao Bing-Kui
Published: July 2023

Objective:

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of the postsurgical administration of Shenyi capsules on the outcome and overall survival of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Materials and Methods:

This was a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Patients with stages I–IIIA NSCLC were randomized to Shenyi or placebo groups (treatment duration: 6 months) and followed up for 10 years. One-year, 2-year, 5-year, and 10-year survival rates and survival times were calculated. Symptoms, quality of life, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome, and recurrence were evaluated.

Results:

A total of 361 patients (treatment group, n = 185; placebo group, n = 176) were randomized and followed up for 10 years. The two groups had similar baseline demographic and clinical characteristics. Among all 361 patients, the treatment group had significantly longer median survival (31 months, respectively) than the placebo group (22.3 months, P < 0.01). In stage II or III patients, recurrence and metastasis rates in the treatment group were lower than those in the placebo group (P < 0.05). The treatment group also had significantly longer 1-year and 2-year survival rates based on the full analysis set and per-protocol set; however, there was no statistically significant difference in the 5-year and 10-year survival rates (P < 0.01 for all comparisons). Multivariate analysis of variance showed that the interaction between stage and age had a significant impact on overall survival (P < 0.05). Compared with the placebo group, the treatment group showed a significant decrease in TCM syndrome (P < 0.01) and a significant increase in the Karnofsky Performance Score (P < 0.01) and body weight (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

Adjunctive therapy with Shenyi capsules significantly prolonged the 1-year and 2-year survival rates after surgery and improved the quality of life. Moreover, none of the patients experienced severe adverse effects. These results suggest that Shenyi capsules may have clinical applications in treating patients with NSCLC.
Glycine Attenuates Myocardial Fibrosis in Myocardial Infarction in Rats Partly through Modulating Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3/Nuclear Factor-κB/Transforming Growth Factor-β axis
Authors: Li Ning , Wang Yong , Li Chun , Chen Xu , Zhang Xue-Feng , Tan Nan-Nan , Hong Yi-Qin , Shao Ming-Yan , Tang Bing-Hua , Guo Dong-Qing
Published: July 2023

Objective:

Inflammation and fibrosis are strongly associated with each other. Glycine is present in various traditional Chinese medicines and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. However, the effects of glycine on myocardial fibrosis (MF) in rats with myocardial infarction (MI) have not been reported. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of glycine therapy on MF and comprehend its underlying mechanisms.

Materials and Methods:

Left anterior descending artery ligation-induced MI in Sprague Dawley rats was leveraged to assess the therapeutic effects of Glycine. Rats received either normal saline or glycine (0.5 mg/g bodyweight) for 7 days.

Results:

Glycine upregulated cardiac ejection fraction and fractional shortening to improve cardiac function, as evaluated by echocardiography. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that glycine could decrease inflammatory cell infiltration and alleviate collagen deposition. Western blotting revealed that nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-mediated inflammatory signaling was also downregulated by glycine treatment. The expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), tumor necrosis factor-α, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was decreased significantly in the glycine-treated group compared to the model group. Thus, glycine plays a protective role against myocardial ischemia and subsequent MF.

Conclusion:

The protective effects of glycine were achieved partly through STAT3/NF-κB/TGF-β signaling pathway.
Evaluation of clinical and prognostic factors for primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: Single-center experience
Authors: Bardakci Murat , Esmer Derya Demirtas , Hafizoglu Emre , Karaman Kemal , Kuzu Omer Faruk , Karakas Hilal , Gungorer Bulent , Uncu Dogan
Published: July 2023

Objective:

Primary gastric lymphomas, which make up the vast majority of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma, are rare and the most common subtype is primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PG-DLBCL). In our study, we investigated the clinical and prognostic factors of this lymphoma type as a single-center experience.

Materials and Methods:

Between January 2001 and February 2021, 91 patients aged ≥18 years, registered with the diagnosis of primary gastric DLBCL, diagnosed histopathologically, and whose evaluation parameters were reached, were retrospectively scanned.

Results:

The median age of 91 patients with a diagnosis of PG-DLBCL was 58 (20–81, minimum–maximum) years. Of the patients, 64.8% were men and 35.2% were women. While the number of patients with an International Prognostic Index (IPI) score of 0–2 (low–low-intermediate risk) was 54 (59.4%), the number of patients with an IPI score of 3 (high intermediate) was 19 (20.9%), and the number of patients with an IPI score of 4–5 (high risk) was 18 (19.8%). While 52.7% of the patients had a complete response, 20.9% had a partial response, 3.3% had stable disease, and 23.1% had progressive disease. The 10-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) rates for all patients, respectively, were 52.1% and 53.2%. We found factors affecting survival in univariate analysis; age groups (≤60/>60), ECOG groups (0-1/≥2), Lugano stage (I-II/III-IV), LDH level (normal/high), IPI risk groups (low/low-intermediate/high-intermediate/high) and radiotherapy (yes/no). In multivariate analysis, only; age groups (≤60/>60) and IPI risk groups (low/low-intermediate/high-intermediate/high) were found to be independent factors affecting survival. In addition, in our study, we determined that the division of the IPI intermediate risk group into low intermediate and high intermediate is one of the factors predicting prognosis.

Conclusions:

Few studies of PG-DLBCL have investigated the long-term survival rates of patients and primarily examined small patient groups because of the low incidence of the disease. In our study, we think that detailed evaluation of age and especially IPI risk groups play a role in predicting survival.
Determination and comparison of dosimetric parameters of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, field in field, and intensity-modulated radiotherapy techniques in radiotherapy of breast conserving patients
Authors: Takabi Fatemeh Shirani , Broomand Mohammad Ali , Nickfarjam Abolfazl , Asadi Amin , Namiranian Nasim
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

Three radiation therapy techniques for breast are common, namely three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT), Field-in-Field (FIF), and Intensıty-Modulated Radıotherapy (IMRT). The purpose of this study was to determine and compare dosimetric parameters of three different treatment planning planning types; 3D-CRT, FIF, and IMRT in target and normal tissues after breast-conserving surgery.

Methods:

One hundred patients with left or right breast cancer cooperated in this study. They were divided into three categories (small, medium, and large size) based on breast volume. Three treatment planning techniques were carried out by planner for each patient in Prowess® 5.2 Treatment Planning System. The dosimetric parameters were obtained from dose-volume histograms using the CERR software (MATLAB Company, Washington, USA), which runs as an add-on in MATLAB software.

Results:

3D-CRT technique with the highest value of Dmax creates more hot spots than the other techniques in the tumor region (P = 0.013). IMRT and FIF showed the best uniformity compared to 3D-CRT in all groups with respect to the values of the parameters D98 and D2. IMRT provided the best coverage in the tumor compared to other methods (P < 0.001). 3D-CRT technique yielded a high volume receiving ≥107% of the prescription dose (P < 0.001). Among the three methods, the FIF method results in a lower dose to the lung for treatment based on the V5 and V20 parameters (P < 0.001). Homogeneity index for IMRT was better than FIF, as well as, conformity index (CI) for IMRT and FIF was better than 3D-CRT.

Conclusion:

IMRT and FIF plans offered excellent target coverage and uniformity, whereas FIF had better protection of healthy tissues. Thus FIF method is an efficient method to improve the quality of treatment for breast cancer patients.
Virtual reality a technological miracle transforming physical rehabilitation: A scoping review
Authors: Kulkarni Chaitanya A. , Wadhokar Om C.
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Physical rehabilitation is evolving day by day. In the same way, simulation in rehabilitation is increasing and has now become a cornerstone for rehabilitation programs. Increase in the number of new protocols, clinical methods, and treatment standardization, virtual reality is appearing as a new medium to deliver the simulation. Virtual reality gives the benefits of forming standardized treatment protocols on demand for various conditions repetitively with a cost-effective delivery system. This was an observational retrospective study. The PubMed database was used to obtain the available material related to virtual reality and rehabilitation and was searched using the same keywords. The articles were then sorted as the subject to the recent decade. The basic information was then obtained, which included timespan, sources of the document, average years of publication, document types we collected, and average citation per year per document. Analysis of the literature that was available online related to virtual reality and rehabilitation between 2011 and 2021 generated a list of 813 documents from 275 sources, of which 810 were from journal articles and 3 were book chapters with an average year of publication of 2.16. The highest number of publications was 480 in 2020, followed by 150 in 2019, 95 in 2018, and 28 in 2017. The annual growth rate percentage of scientific publications was 26.1%. Therefore, more studies should be performed on virtual reality.
Provision of maternal health service in Indonesian primary care during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ekawati Fitriana M. , Putri Dwi Astuti Dharma , Novitasari Dhiana Ayu , Muchlis Mumtihana
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Maternal health services in Indonesia faced significant challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. The service had to manage the infection and ensure the continuity of maternity service for women. This research explored in depth the way maternal health service was provided in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic and provided suggestions to improve the service in primary care.

Methods:

We conducted a practical qualitative study using semi-structured interviews and focus groups (FGs) between May and October 2021, with the focus area of study in Yogyakarta province. The participants were general practitioners (GPs), midwives, nurses, obstetricians, and women who had experience providing or accessing maternity care during the pandemic. The data were analysed using an inductive approach of thematic analysis.

Results:

A total of 23 participants participated in the FGs/interviews. Three overarching themes were identified: applied COVID safety measures, confusion and further expectations. COVID-19 safety measures, such as screening, hygiene and triage, were applied in the service. However, challenges and confusion occurred, particularly regarding the limited clinical resources, limited guidelines and escalation plan and patients’ low literacy levels. Participants also expected the development of mobile apps to support care for women.

Conclusion:

Despite the classical challenges in primary care practice, Indonesia implemented strategies to provide maternity care and limit the spread of COVID-19 infection. Continuous improvements and further research are needed to provide practical recommendations and escalation plans to optimise the quality of maternity service in primary care.
Empty stomach together with menstrual bleeding as predictors of committed suicides among women of reproductive age: What a primary physician must know
Authors: Singh Radha Raman , Das Rajiv Ranjan , Kabirpanthi Vikrant , Singh Akash Ranjan , Bakshi Sanjeev , Datta Debranjan , Shiralkar Milind
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Women of reproductive age group (WoRAG) are among the most vulnerable groups to suicide in India. The present study intended to develop a mathematical model to differentiate suicides from homicides among WoRAG.

Methods:

It was a cross-sectional study based on a record review of autopsy at Patna, India, from 2016 to 2021. The cause of deaths was ascertained by autopsies and other records independently by two investigators to reduce the interobserver bias. Independent variables were tested with confirmed suicides to calculate statistically significant association. These variables were further used for developing prediction models for the suicides by multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results:

Out of total of 520 autopsies of WoRAG performed by investigators, the cause of death has been confirmed for 62. Of them, 30 were confirmed as suicides. In univariate analysis, suicides were associated with the menstrual bleed (OR 35 CI 6.9,179), gastric emptying (OR 3.9 CI 1.2,12.8), hanging, poisoning, and drowning as mode of death (OR 435 CI 37.4,5061.9). By logistic regression, three prediction models were built to predict suicide; Model I: gastric emptying, Model II: menstrual bleed, and Model III: including both. The area under the curve (AUC) for Models I, II, and III was 0.67 (95%CI 0.34,0.99), 0.92 (95%CI 0.75,1.00), and 0.94 (95%CI 0.82,1.00), respectively. The AUC of Model III differs significantly from that of Model I (P value 0.03) but not with Model II (P value 0.11).

Conclusion:

Menstrual bleed, gastric emptying, and mode of death may be used as a supplement tool in ascertaining the cause of death among WoRAG in medical and legal proceedings.
Diagnostic accuracy of the molecular SARS-CoV-2 rapid test and its use in triaging hospital admissions in the emergency room
Authors: Krishna Sushma , Pillai Ajitha , Rao Hanumantha , Mohan W. D. , Kumar Mahendra
Published: July 2023

Background:

A false-negative rapid antigen test of COVID-19 in healthcare settings not only causes delays in diagnosis, isolation and treatment but also leads to failures in the infection prevention and control practices of the hospital.

Objectives:

The study objective was to assess the diagnostic performance of ID NOW (Rapid polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) as a COVID-19 triage tool for medical admissions from the emergency room (ER) of our medium-sized tertiary hospital.

Methodology:

Molecular laboratory data with valid ID NOW and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) real time results were collected from February to September 2022 of patients presenting with symptoms of influenza-like illness and severe acute respiratory infections at ER. The diagnostic accuracy of ID NOW (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value) was calculated against the laboratory’s reference standard RT-PCR test.

Results:

A total of 153 patients were tested both by ID NOW and RT-PCR. The sensitivity and specificity of the ID NOW assay were 96% (95% confidence interval [CI] 92.49% to 98.92%) and 96.7% (95% CI 91.71% to 98.56%), respectively.

Conclusion:

ID NOW provided a rapid and reliable adjunct for the safe triage of patients with COVID-19 at our centre and can work effectively when integrated into a COVID-19 triage algorithm of the hospital. Diagnostic stewardship can pave the way for better infection control practices of hospitals.
Orbital floor reconstruction using prebent titanium mesh or polyetheretherketone patient-specific implant
Authors: Beder Rafic R. , Breshah Maram N. , Ibrahim Marwa T.
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This study was planned to compare between polyetheretherketone patient-specific implant and prebent titanium mesh in orbital floor reconstruction.

Patients and methods

Twelve patients with unilateral orbital floor fracture indicated for reconstruction divided in two equal groups according to the type of implant used. Postoperative evaluation was done for 6 months. Patients of both groups were examined clinically for hypoglobus, enophthalmos, ocular motility and diplopia and radiographically for orbital volume measurement preoperatively and postoperatively. A comparative analysis of the treatment outcomes was performed.

Results

Significant improvement in the external appearance of the eye including hypoglobus, enophthalmos, and ocular motility and diplopia although group II showed one (16.7%) patient with persistent hypoglobus, one (16.7%) patient measured as grade 3 enophthalmos (>2 mm), one (16.7%) patient with marked limitation of ocular motility (grade 3) and diplopia. There was significant improvement in the orbital volume of the affected side in both groups with no significant difference postoperatively between both groups during different follow up periods. There was significant difference between the orbital volume of the affected and nonaffected sides preoperatively and the difference between them was 3.91 ± 0.92 cm3 for group I and 3.64 ± 1.29 cm3 for group II which markedly decreased postoperatively was 0.50 ± 0.72 cm3 for group I and 1.35 ± 0.86 cm3 for group II with no significant difference between affected and nonaffected eyes.

Conclusion

The results of this study showed that polyetheretherketone patient-specific implant is precise, predictable, and demonstrated higher clinical efficacy in comparison to prebent titanium mesh in orbital floor reconstruction. Preformed prebent titanium mesh is not preferred in large defects.
Computer-assisted surgical simulation for temporomandibular joint reconstruction with costochondral graft
Authors: Beder Rafic R. , Ibrahim Marwa T. , Breshah Maram N
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This study was planned to evaluate the accuracy of virtual surgical planning and three-dimensional (3D) printed templates in reconstruction of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with costochondral graft.

Patients and methods

Eight patients (15–45) years diagnosed with TMJ deformities were included. A composite skull model was obtained with data from computed tomography. A virtual surgical simulation was performed using Dolphin Imaging 11.7 Premium. Then, the virtual plan was transferred to the operative field using 3D (CAD-CAM) printed surgical template. These templates were designed by 3D printing using data from the virtual surgical simulation for optimum selection of the rib graft, accurate tailoring of chondral and costal graft and as an osteotomy guide. The preoperative measurement including mouth opening, facial asymmetry and differences between the actual mandibular position and the virtual plan were analyzed.

Results

All patients obtained satisfactory changes in the facial profile and marked improvement in postoperative mouth opening. Postoperative radiographs, computed tomography images, and quantitative analysis showed an acceptable precision for the position of the costochondral graft to the glenoid fossa.

Conclusion

The results of this study showed that virtual surgical planning and 3D printed guiding templates facilitated treatment planning, provided an accurate osteotomy guide, facilitated repositioning of bony segments and contouring of the mandibular anatomy in the treatment of TMJ deformity.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of hyaluronic acid plus nanohydroxyapatite versus nanohydroxyapatite alone on bone regeneration in rabbits
Authors: Gamal Sherouk M. M. , Bilal May M. , Soheir El-Sayed El Soheir
Published: July 2023

Background

Hyaluronic acid (HLA) occurs naturally in the human body as a key component of the extracellular matrix. Furthering, HLA has a long history of usage in bone regeneration because it can be used as an osteo-promoting materials that can be added to nano-hydroxyapatite particles (HANP) to enhance its osteo-inductive properties. Hence, the purpose of this research was to compare histologically the bone regenerative ability of HLA + HANP versus HANP alone in the treatment of bony defects in rabbit calveria.

Materials and methods

This trial was conducted on 10 rabbits, where three identical bony defects in calveria were surgically created in each rabbit (with a total of 30 defects), one filled with of HLA + HANP (group I), the other was filled with only HANP (group II) and the third one was left empty as a control (group III). Rabbits were sacrificed at the fourth and eighth weeks postoperatively and samples were collected for histological and histomorphometric analysis.

Results

All animals survived the experiment successfully and stayed active and alert throughout the study. Both studied groups (I and II) were characterized by greater new bone formation compared to control group. Additionally, the newly formed bone was more evident in association with group I than group II.

Conclusion

HLA accelerated the initiation of new bone production when coupled with NHAP for bone augmentation in the management of osseous abnormalities.
A comparative evaluation of fracture resistance using different techniques for the reattachment of fractured maxillary central incisor – an in vitro study
Authors: Rashmi Saini , Kumar Saini V.
Published: July 2023

Objective

To comparatively evaluate fracture resistance of different techniques for the reattachment of fractured maxillary central incisors.

Materials and Methods

Sixty intact freshly extracted permanent maxillary central incisors were selected and randomly divided into four groups of 15 each one of control (I) and three experimental groups (II, III, IV) according to the technique of reattachment. The incisal third of the experimental groups were sectioned horizontally. Group I: the teeth were kept intact without sectioning. Group II: an internal dentinal groove (1 mm deep and 1 mm wide). Group III: a pinhole (1.5 mm depth and 1.5 mm diameter). Fractured fragments in group II and group III were reattached using composite resin. Group IV: two vertical grooves (1 mm deep, 1 mm wide, and 4 mm length) with fiber-reinforced composite post (Everstick, GC America). After 24 h of restoration, all samples in each group were then subjected to thermocycling at 5±1 and 55±1°C for 500 cycles each cycle. All the samples were mounted on the universal testing machine (instron). The force was then applied at an angle of 45° of each tooth in a labial to palatal direction at a cross-head speed of 1 mm/min until fractured occurred and the obtained values were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results

The results showed that the mean fracture resistance of group I was the highest followed by group III, group IV, and group II the least (group II < group IV < group III < group I). Comparing the mean fracture resistance of four groups, analysis of variance showed significantly different fracture resistance among the groups (F = 22.93, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

No material and technique can restore the strength of intact tooth. However, reattachment techniques can be considered as an alternate method, when the fractured fragment is available with adequate size and appropriately preserved margins.
Evaluation of intraarticular injection of hyaluronic acid with platelet rich plasma for treatment of temporomandibular joint anterior disc displacement with and without reduction
Authors: Abd ElMonem Arboud Karim A. , Shoushan Mohamed M. , El Sharif Ahmed M.
Published: July 2023

Background

For patients who failed to respond to conservative measures for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) internal derangement after arthrocentesis, several intraarticular injections have been shown to be an effective treatment modality to reduce pain, improve joint movement and range of motion.

Purpose

Our study aim was to evaluate the efficacy of intraarticular injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) and platelet rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of TMJ anterior disc displacement with (DDwR) and without (DDwoR) reduction after arthrocentesis.

Patients and methods

This prospective clinical study involved 20 patients with TMJ anterior disc displacement, assigned into two equal groups. Group 1 included 10 patients with DDwR and group 2 included 10 patients with DDwoR. Both groups were treated with arthrocentesis and intraarticular injection of 1 ml of equal amount of HA and PRP into the superior joint space. Visual analog scale (VAS), maximum mouth opening (MMO), lateral jaw movements and joint clicking sounds were assessed at each follow up period (1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months) for both groups. The collected data was then statistically analyzed.

Results

Pain intensity decreased in both groups; in group 1, mean VAS decreased from 6.9 to 0.6 while in group 2, VAS decreased from 6.8 to 0.8. MMO mean for group 1 increased from 32.4 to 44.9 mm. In group 2, MMO increased from 24 to 34.6 mm. TMJ lateral movement for group 1 increased from 6 to 8.7 mm and for group 2, it increased from 5.5 to 7.2 mm. Number of patients with TMJ clicking in group 1 decreased from 8 to 1 while in group 2, patients had no clicking sounds from the start. MRIs showed no change before and after study in both groups as disc remained at same position.

Conclusions

Intraarticular injection of HA and PRP mixture was found to be clinically effective in the treatment of TMJ disorders in both anterior DDwR and DDwoR groups; however, no significant difference was noticed on the disc position on the MRI.
Prevalence of selected dental anomalies in children and adolescents in Turkey
Authors: Bodrumlu Ebru Hazar , Tazegül Fulden Senyurt
Published: July 2023

Aim

This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of dental anomalies and the tendency of dental anomalies among the teeth in Turkey.

Patients and methods

This retrospective study was designed on panoramic radiographs of randomly selected 4105 patients that applied to Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Faculty of Dentistry. In the study, nine types of dental anomalies were analyzed statistically on the panoramic radiography images of the patients, including one supernumerary teeth, odontoma, congenitally missing teeth, ectopic eruption, rotation, impacted teeth, fusion, dilaceration, and morphological defects.

Results

The prevalence of a dental anomaly among all evaluated patients was 26.7%. The most common anomaly was found to be congenital missing teeth with a prevalence of 14.2%. Odontoma was found to be the least common anomaly with a prevalence of 01%. Congenital missing teeth were most frequently observed in the mandibular second premolar.

Conclusion

The prevalence of dental anomalies in the study population was very high. Nine different anomalies were detected and congenitally missing teeth are the most common developmental dental anomaly in the study. The prevalence of dental anomalies may vary and early diagnosis of dental anomalies is important for treatment planning and success.
Los migrantes en tiempos de pandemia: permanecer o salir de Chile. Una mirada desde el trabajo social
Authors: Muñoz Griffith Vicente , Valenzuela Mesina Veronica , Soto Cruces Karen , Sepúlveda González Cecilia
Published: July 2023

El presente artículo es parte de un estudio de caso que intenta dar a conocer las motivaciones económicas, familiares y de salud que existieron entre los migrantes latinoamericanos de volver a su país de origen, o quedarse en el país de acogida en el contexto de pandemia COVID-19. El estudio utilizó una metodología cualitativa con entrevistas a migrantes de distintas nacionalidades, grupo etario y género, las cuales se realizaron vía online, con una muestra no probabilística intencionada para su realización. El Trabajo Social, desarrolló un rol fundamental durante la pandemia que facilitó brindar apoyo social a los migrantes en diferentes áreas, desde el acompañamiento para las personas que se encontraban con COVID-19, hasta la ayuda para acceder a diferentes beneficios estatales entregados en medio de la pandemia.
Transformando el conocimiento para enseñar matemáticas de futuros docentes de educación infantil a través del diseño de tareas
Authors: Alsina Angel , Pincheira Nataly , Delgado-Rebolledo Rosa
Published: July 2023

En este estudio se analiza la transformación de los conocimientos matemáticos acerca de los contenidos y de los conocimientos didácticos en torno a la planificación e implementación de actividades para la enseñanza de las matemáticas, que activan los docentes en formación de educación infantil cuando diseñan tareas de álgebra temprana. Se ha adoptado un paradigma investigativo mixto de carácter descriptivo, utilizando como técnica de investigación el análisis de contenido. En el estudio han participado 105 docentes en formación de educación infantil y la recolección de datos se ha realizado en una sesión de clase del plan de estudios. Los resultados obtenidos revelan que: 1) el conocimiento matemático que activan los docentes en formación en relación con los contenidos de álgebra temprana se asocia principalmente con las relaciones a partir del reconocimiento de atributos; 2) los conocimientos didácticos sobre la planificación e implementación de actividades para la enseñanza de las matemáticas responden a un contexto informal a partir del uso de material manipulativo. Se concluye que es necesario brindar experiencias de formación a los docentes, que les permitan avanzar hacia el desarrollo y transformación de los conocimientos matemáticos y didácticos para profundizar en la enseñanza del álgebra temprana en educación infantil.
Presentación del número especial Homenaje al padre Juan Hernández Pico, s.j.
Authors: Monterrosa Luis Antonio
Published: July 2023

No abstract available. 
Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 161, 2023: 6-8.
Militantes, colaboradores y simpatizantes
Authors: García Cortez Samuel Alexander
Published: July 2023

After the assassination of Monsignor Óscar Romero (1980), a group of priests, nuns, seminarians and lay people decided to created the National Coordination of the Popular Church (CONIP), a space from which they sought to support —for the sake of the Salvadoran revolutionary process— the massive pastoral work that CONIP intended to realize. Although not all the CONIP members were militants of the political-military organizations, they all shared a militant habitus that was configured among the groups and individuals identified with the New Left during the seventies and eighties.
Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 161, 2023: 9-24.
Temporalizar la historia e historizar el tiempo. El kairós de la guerra en Centroamérica
Authors: Escolán Romero Gabriel
Published: July 2023

The reduction of the concept of time to temporality understood as chronological makes it impossible to find the moments of rupture, inflection and splitting in the same layers of time, the change from one time to another time becomes unrecognizable within chronological purity, for that is why in this article we appeal to the recognition of kairological temporality in order to see the great changes of time, as transcendental historical moments, and from the theological-Christian perspective as opportune moments marked by God's design and that must be discerned and responded to properly. Therefore, in this article we will deal with the different temporalities that coexist in history, relying on the explanation of the kairós category used by Juan Hernández Pico to refer to the period of revolutionary struggles experienced in Central America during the 1970s and 1980s.
Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 161, 2023: 44-61.
Presentación general No. 161
Authors: Revista Realidad
Published: July 2023

No abstract available. 
Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 161, 2023: 5.
Characteristic Analysis of the Differences between TEC Values in GIM Grids
Authors: Wang Qisheng , Zhu Jiaru
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Using total electron content (TEC) from global ionosphere map (GIM) for ionospheric delay correction is a common method of eliminating ionospheric errors in satellite navigation and positioning. On this basis, the TEC of puncture point can be obtained by GIM grid TEC interpolation. However, in terms of grid, only few studies have analyzed the TEC value size characteristics of its four grid points, that is, the TEC difference characteristics among them. In view of this, by utilizing the GIM data from high solar activity years (2014) and low solar activity years (2021) provided by CODE, this paper proposes the grid TEC difference to analyze TEC variation characteristics within the grid, which is conducive to exploring and analyzing the variation characteristics of the ionosphere TEC in the single-station area. The results show that the TEC difference size within GIM grid is mainly related to the activity of ionosphere. The value is larger in high solar activity years and generally small in low solar activity years, and the value of high latitude area is always smaller than that of low latitude area. Specifically, in high solar activity years, most of the GIM grid TEC internal differences are within 4TECu in high and mid latitude regions, while only 78.17 % in low latitude regions; the grid TEC differences at 2-hour intervals are more scattered, and larger values occur in low latitude regions. In low solar activity years, the TEC difference values within GIM grid are mostly less than 2TECu, and most of them in the high and middle latitudes are within 1TECu. The GIM grid TEC difference values within 1-hour intervals are mostly less than 4TECu, and most of them in the high and middle latitudes are within 2TECu. The main finding of this analysis is that the grid TEC differences are small for most GIM grids, especially in the mid-high latitudes of low solar years. This means that relevant extraction methods and processes can be simplified when TEC within these GIM grids is needed.
Improved representation of soil moisture simulations through incorporation of cosmic-ray neutron count measurements in a large-scale hydrologic model
Authors: Fatima Eshrat , Kumar Rohini , Attinger Sabine , Kaluza Maren , Rakovec Oldrich , Rebmann Corinna , Rosolem Rafael , Oswald Sascha , Samaniego Luis , Zacharias Steffen , Schrön Martin
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Profound knowledge of soil moisture and its variability plays a crucial role in hydrological modeling to support agricultural management, flood and drought monitoring and forecasting, and groundwater recharge estimation. Cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) have been recognized as a promising tool for soil moisture monitoring due to their hectare-scale footprint and decimeter-scale measurement depth. Different approaches exists that could be the basis for incorporating CRNS data into distributed hydrologic models, but largely still need to be implemented, thoroughly compared, and tested across different soil and vegetation types. This study establishes a framework to accommodate neutron count measurements and assess the accuracy of soil water content simulated by the mesoscale Hydrological Model (mHM) for the first time. It covers CRNS observations across different vegetation types in Germany ranging from agricultural areas to forest. We include two different approaches to estimate CRNS neutron counts in mHM based on the simulated soil moisture: a method based on the Desilets equation and another one based on the Cosmic-ray Soil Moisture Interaction Code (COSMIC). Within the Desilets approach, we further test two different averaging methods for the vertically layered soil moisture, namely uniform vs. non-uniform weighting scheme depending on the CRNS penetrating depth. A Monte Carlos simulation with Latin hypercube sampling approach (with N = 100,000) is employed to explore and constrain the (behavioral) mHM parameterizations against observed CRNS neutron counts. Overall, the three methods perform well with Kling-Gupta efficiency > 0.8 and percent bias < 1 % across the majority of investigated sites. We find that the non-uniform weighting scheme in the Desilets method provide the most reliable performance, whereas the more commonly used approach with uniformly weighted average soil moisture overestimates the observed CRNS neutron counts. We then also demonstrate the usefulness of incorporating CRNS measurements into mHM for the simulations of both soil moisture and evapotranspiration and add a broader discussion on the potential and guidelines of incorporating CRNS measurements in large-scale hydrological and land surface models.
Confinement width and inflow-to-sediment discharge ratio control the morphology and braiding intensity of submarine channels: insights from physical experiments and reduced-complexity models
Authors: Huang Sam Y. J. , Lai Steven Y. J. , Limaye Ajay B. , Foreman Brady Z. , Paola Chris
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Submarine channels conveying sediment gravity flows are often topographically confined, but the effect of confinement width on channel morphodynamics is incompletely understood. We use physical experiments and a reduced-complexity model to investigate the effects of confinement width (B) and the inflow-to-sediment discharge ratio (Qin/Qs) on the evolution of submarine braided channels. The results show that a larger confinement width results in increased active braiding intensity (BIA) and that BIA takes longer to stabilize (i.e., a longer critical time; tc). At a fixed confinement width, a higher Qin/Qs slightly decreases the BIA. Digital elevation models of difference (DoD) of the experiments allow measurement of the morphological active width (Wa) of the submarine channels and the bulk morphological change (Vbulk) within an experiment, defined as the sum
of total erosion and deposition. We find that Wa and Vbulk are proportional to B. We further confirm that BIA is proportional to both dimensionless sediment–stream power (ω**) and dimensionless stream power (ω*). These trends are consistent for submarine braided channels both with and without confinement width effects. Furthermore, we built a reduced-complexity model (RCM) that can simulate flow bifurcation and confluence of submarine braided channels. The simulated flow distribution provides reliable predictions of flow depth and sediment transport rate in the experiments. Using kernel density estimation (KDE) to forecast the probability and trends of cross-sectional flow distribution and corresponding BIA under extreme events, we find that
skewness of the flow distribution decreases as discharge increases. The
development of braided submarine channels, shown here to extend to
conditions of topographic confinement, suggests that factors not modeled
here (e.g., fine sediment) may be necessary to explain the abundance of
single-thread submarine channels in nature.