bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Albariño (Vitis vinifera sp.) plasticity to local climate in the Atlantic eastern coastal terroir of Uruguay
Authors: Fourment Mercedes , Tachini Ramiro , Bonnardot Valérie , Collins Cassandra
Published: November 2024

Plasticity is typically used in biology to describe the ability of an organism to adapt to changes in its environment. Within a viticulture production system under similar management practices, studying the plasticity of a specific cultivar under different local climatic conditions can enhance our understanding of the grape typicity and, consequently, the wine style of a region. This work aims to assess the performance of Albariño vines grown in different mesoclimates within the emerging wine region along Uruguay’s Atlantic coast. The study was conducted in a commercial vineyard in Garzón, Maldonado Department, a key location in this developing wine region. Temperature sensors were installed in each of the four Albariño plots, situated in two contrasting topographic positions relative to Atlantic Ocean exposure, to assess mesoclimate and the ocean’s influences on grapevine plasticity. Agronomic measurements were taken to assess the performance of Albariño under the local climatic conditions. The multivariate analysis of yield and berry composition variables with ocean exposure and seasonal climate has identified three key findings: 1) the Albariño cultivar has shown strong potential for cultivation in eastern Uruguay due to its favourable agronomic and oenological performance, 2) vineyard ocean exposure has a greater effect on berry composition at harvest than on yield, contributing 70.7 % and 63.4 % of the total variability, respectively as observed from the Principal Component Analysis, 3) the correlations between berry composition and ocean exposure are stronger under warmer and drier conditions. Understanding the plasticity of Albariño under different local climatic conditions is valuable for sustainable production systems, provided both production and high quality are maintained. This study highlights the importance of selecting appropriate cultivars and understanding the local climate for the future success of vineyards.
Expert review of AI-generated responses to the top ten patient complaints in primary care
Authors: Gillie Monica , Kent George
Published: November 2024

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) systems such as ChatGPT are among the fastest-growing applications of all time. Most physicians are familiar with the pitfalls of “Dr. Google” and WebMD. However, the same is not true for the increasingly accessed AI-based applications. This study aims to evaluate ChatGPT’s response to the top ten complaints seen in primary care to help clinicians assess the utility and accuracy of a popular AI-based application. Methods: The top ten patient-reported complaints leading to a visit with their primary care physician were used to generate two questions, each regarding cause and treatment. These questions were then asked via the Perplexity AI search engine. Each response was graded by three experienced family medicine clinicians, and the overall score was reported for its utility and appropriateness. Results: About 95% of responses were rated as useful with 85% of responses were clinically appropriate. There were three responses deemed inappropriate by the reviewers indicating possible areas of harmful omission or improper triage. Unanimously, the response to treatment of shortness of breath was regarded as not useful and inappropriate due to lack of emphasis on seeking medical care and life-threatening conditions. Fatigue received the highest ratings of utility for both etiology and treatment. Responses were overall focused and concise. However, citations were secondary sources with variability in utility and clinical safety. Conclusion: “Doctor AI” is here to stay and will require ongoing investigation as it inevitably plays an increasing role in the provision of medical information and advice to patients. The rapid pace of AI search engine development produces limitations in a study of this design, as results are likely to differ over a short period of time. More research on the safety and utility of medical AI in the primary care setting is paramount.
Modeling of hydrocarbon fluid flow in a catalytic reactor
Authors: Sharipov Glyus Lyabibovich , Koledina Kamila Phelicsovna , Podryga Victoria Olegovna , Polyakov Sergey Vladimirovich , Tarasov Nikita Igorevich
Published: November 2024

The article considers the methodology of mathematical modeling of the process of hydrocarbon fluid isomerization in a catalytic reactor used for the synthesis of organic fuels. A model for calculating the parameters of fluid flow in a mixed medium "open space – porous body" has been developed, taking into account the properties of the porous material and the main chemical transformations characterizing hydroisomerization. The model includes the Navier-Stokes equations regularized on the basis of the quasi-hydrodynamic approach, averaged over a representative elementary volume, and a system of convection-diffusion equations for calculating the evolution of the concentrations of raw materials and the reaction product. In the spatially two-dimensional case, a numerical algorithm for solving the problem has been developed; its software implementation has been performed. Trial calculations of the model problem have been carried out, which have shown the correctness of the developed numerical approach and the operability of the created software code.
The Relationship Between Knowledge Level and Attitudes of Mothers of Toddlers Towards Visits to Posyandu In Janti Village, Tarik District, Sidoarjo
Authors: Sutatik Yuning , Wittiarika Ivon Diah , Djuari Lilik
Published: November 2024

One of the objectives of the Posyandu program is to reduce nutritional problems. The rate of malnutrition in Sidoarjo Regency is 3.8%, at the Tarik Health Center it is 0.13%, and in Janti Village, it reaches 5.13%. Malnutrition negatively impacts toddler growth.  In 2023, the visit rate of toddlers to Posyandu in Janti Village was low, at only 32.1% of the total number of toddlers in the village, resulting in suboptimal monitoring of their growth. One factor influencing mothers' visits to Posyandu is their knowledge and attitude.This research is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design, aiming to analyze the relationship between the knowledge and attitudes of mothers of toddlers towards visits to Posyandu in Janti Village, Tarik District, Sidoarjo. The population consisted of 224 mothers of toddlers, with a sample of 70 respondents selected randomly through random sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires on the knowledge and attitudes of mothers towards Posyandu, as well as attendance records at Posyandu, and analyzed using Chi-Square and Fisher's Exact tests.Most respondents were aged 25-34 years (72.9%), had completed high school education (50.5%), and were housewives (62.6%). They generally possessed good knowledge about Posyandu (68.6%) or adequate knowledge (31.4%). Regarding visitation, 64.3% were active and 35.7% were inactive. This suggests that positive knowledge and attitudes towards Posyandu significantly influence visitation rates, supported by statistically significant results with a p-value of 0.001 (≤ 0.05).There exists a relationship between the level of knowledge and attitudes of mothers towards visits to Posyandu.
Analysis of the Strategy for Collecting Zakat, Infaq, and Alms in Increasing the Number of Muzakki at Baznas Kota Sungai Penuh
Authors: Putri Nopela , Sarmigi Elex
Published: November 2024

Zakat is one of the efforts that can be done by the government to help underprivileged people to meet their primary needs by distributing zakat received from Muzakki who have sufficient and even excess assets. This research aims to find out what strategies are applied by the BAZNAS Full River City institution and want to know what factors are an obstacle to raising funds for zakat infaq and sadaqah. The method used in this research is qualitative with a descriptive approach.In this research method using the case study method.The sample of this research was taken from the head of BAZNAS Kota Sungai Penuh. The types of data used in this study are primary data and secondary data with data collection techniques using observation, interviews and documentation. The data obtained in the field was then analyzed by means of data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the fundraising strategy for zakat, infaq and alms at BAZNAS Sungai Penuh focuses on two approaches. First, through direct strategies (offline), such as the establishment of the Zakat Collection Unit (UPZ), promotion by distributing brochures. Second, through indirect strategies (Online), with promotions involving social media, zakat account transfers. And the inhibiting factors of raising funds for zakat, infaq and alms in increasing the number of muzakki in (BAZNAS) Sungai Penuh city are the lack of public understanding of zakat, infaq and alms, the collection of zakat, infaq and alms funds that are still not maximally fully active, the donors (muzakki) who have not reached the nishab and there are still many muzakki who pay zakat directly to mustahik.
Circular Economy Perspective of Hifdz Al-Bi'ah Through the Utilization of Shell Waste as Raw Material for Decorative Products
Authors: Koyyimah Jazirotudiinil , Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi
Published: November 2024

Shell waste, which is often considered a waste material, has great potential to be processed into handicraft products with economic value. Through an environmentally friendly processing process, the waste can be converged into goods that are not only in demand in the market, but also encourage public awareness of the importance of recycling and environmental maintenance. This research aims to explore how often overlooked waste can be processed into decorative items that not only reduce negative impacts on the environment, but also create new economic opportunities for the community. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach, involving observation and interviews with handicraft business actors. The results of the study show that the use of shell waste can increase public awareness of the importance of waste management and environmental protection. In addition, this research highlights the importance of training and innovation in creating attractive and value-added products. Thus, this research makes a significant contribution to the development of a sustainable and environmentally friendly craft industry, as well as encouraging the adoption of circular economy principles in various sectors. In conclusion, the use of shell waste not only meets economic needs, but also contributes to environmental sustainability and improving people's quality of life.
Social determinants of health and impact on quality of life in adolescents during a pandemic
Authors: Mesquita Kirley Kethellen Batista , Pinheiro Patrícia Neyva da Costa , Lima Francisca Elisângela Teixeira , Fernandes Andrea Rodriguez Lannes , Almeida Paulo César , Filho Valter Cordeiro Barbosa , Campos Regina Kelly Guimarães Gomes , Santos Miguel Henrique da Silva dos
Published: November 2024

Background Social Determinants of Health (SDH) are linked to individuals' living conditions, influencing their Quality of Life (QoL).
Objectives This study aimed to explore the association between SDH and QoL among Brazilian adolescents infected with COVID-19.
Methodology This cross-sectional study analyzed 235 adolescents from 89 cities in a northeastern state of Brazil, registered in the Unified Health System's notification system. Statistical tests, including the Levene test for variance equality, Student's t-test, and ANOVA with a 95% confidence interval, were used, supplemented by the Games-Howell multiple comparison test. The study found lower scores in vitality and mental health domains. Males showed higher scores across all domains (p<0.001).
Results Adolescents aged 10 to 14 scored higher in the vitality domain. Those who engaged in physical activity had better scores in general health, vitality, and mental health domains. Adolescents with sleep difficulties had lower scores in pain, general health, vitality, and mental health domains. Additionally, those living with high-risk individuals had lower scores in vitality and mental health domains.
Conclusion SDH related to demographic factors, physical activity, and sleep quality significantly impacted adolescents' QoL, particularly affecting vitality and mental health.
A novel approach for phyto-synthesis of silver nanoparticles using floral extract of Punica Granatum for potent anti-cancerous and antibacterial capabilities
Authors: Shrivastava Sumit K , Kulshreshtha Asita , Gangwar Rajesh K. , Srivast Shikha , Kumar Saurabh , Banerjee Monisha , Chaudhary Dhirendra K. , Kumari Dimple
Published: November 2024

Synthesis of safest and non-toxic nanoparticles for biomedical applications in various fields of science & Technology remained a vast challenge for researchers. This work aims to create, analyze, and examine the antibacterial effects of silver nanoparticles that are synthesized utilizing the floral extract of Punica Granatum as both a stabilizing and reducing agent. Silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution was reduced using Punica Granatum flower extract which led to the synthesis of stable silver nanoparticles (PG-AgNPs) solution. The PG-AgNPs were examined and characterized using UV-Vis, FT-IR, FE-SEM, XRD, and EDX methodologies. Besides this anti-bacterial & anti-cancerous property were also studied. The results of FE-SEM analysis revealed that majority of the phytosynthesized PG-AgNPs had spherical shape and were evenly dispersed with a diameter of nearly 27.33 nm. EDX results revealed the relative presence of different elements, biomolecules, and capping agents. Additionally, synthesised silver nanoparticles had anti-cancer potential, with an IC50 of ~ 13 µg. E. coli and S. aureus were tested for silver nanoparticle antimicrobial efficacy. Phytosynthesized PG-AgNPs against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were very effective. A new chemotherapeutic medication or innovative supplement to treat various forms of human cancer may be developed after the comprehensive clinical trial using PG-AgNPs containing Punica Granatum flower aqueous extract.
Double Self-Attention Based Fully Connected Feature Pyramid Network for Field Crop Pest Detection
Authors: Gao Zijun , Li Zheyi , Zhang Chunqi , Wang Ying , Su Jingwen
Published: November 2024

Pest detection techniques are helpful in reducing the frequency and scale of pest outbreaks, but their application in practical agricultural production processes is still challenging due to the problems of interspecies similarity, multi-scale and background complexity of pests. To address the above problems, this paper proposes an FD-YOLO pest target detection model. The FD-YOLO model uses the Fully Connected FPN (FC-FPN) instead of a PANet in the neck, which can adaptively fuse multi-scale features and enhance the reuse of effective features. Then the Double Self-Attention (DSA) module is embedded in the C3 module of the neck FPN, which can link feature information in both spatial and channel dimensions, and effectively enhance the global features. We select 16 types of pests that widely damage field crops in the IP102 pest dataset as our dataset after data supplementation and data enhancement. The experimental results show that the FD-YOLO model of mAP@0.5 is 82.6%, mAP@0.5–0.95 is 48.7%, the precision is 85%, and the recall is 76.8%. 6.8%, 4.8%, 5.6% and 5.9% respectively over the benchmark model YOLOv5. and outperforms several other state-of-the-art methods, including SSD, ConvNeXt, and Faster RCNN.
Spatiotemporal variability of blockings in the Euro-Atlantic region and their impact on the occurrence of heat waves and cold spells in Poland
Authors: Bednorz Ewa , Tomczyk Arkadiusz M.
Published: November 2024

The spatiotemporal variability and trends of atmospheric blockings over the Euro-Atlantic region and their influence on the occurrence of the persisting extreme temperature conditions in Poland namely heat waves (HWs) and cold spells (CSs) during the period 1978–2023 were analyzed. Blockings were identified at 500 hPa geopotential level, using the meridional geopotential gradient method, supplemented with the quantile filter and persistence filter, using reanalysis data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Physical Science Laboratory (NCEP-DOE AMIP-II R-2). HWs and CSs were defined as sequences of at least 3 days with the maximum air temperature above 30°C or below − 10°C, respectively based on data obtained from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute (IMGW – PIB) for the period 1978–2022 across 37 stations in Poland. The climatology of Euro-Atlantic blocking occurrence in the zonal belt between 45 and 75 degrees in the northern hemisphere exhibits high spatiotemporal variability. Blocking structures are most frequent in the spring, particularly in May. A secondary peak of frequency is observed in July when the Ural blocking exhibits 15% frequency. Patterns of trends in blocking occurrence are variable and the strongest signals of changes are observed in spring. The occurrence of HWs in Poland is constantly accompanied by blocking situations, most often located northeast of Poland, while the winter CSs are associated with the blockings located over the North Atlantic and northern Scandinavia.
Identification of a drought stress response module in tomato plants commonly induced by fungal endophytes that confer increased drought tolerance
Authors: Ortega-Villaizán Adrián González , King Eoghan , Patel Manish Kumar , Rodríguez-Dobreva Estefanía , González-Teuber Marcia , Ramos Patricio , Vicente-Carbajosa Jesús , Benito Begoña , Pollmann Stephan
Published: November 2024

Global climate change exacerbates abiotic stresses, as drought, heat, and salt stresses are anticipated to increase significantly in the coming years. Plants coexist with a diverse range of microorganisms. Multiple inter-organismic relationships are known to confer benefits to plants, including growth promotion and enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses. In this study, we investigated the mutualistic interactions between 3 fungal endophytes originally isolated from distinct arid environments and an agronomically relevant crop, Solanum lycopersicum. We demonstrated a significant increase in shoot biomass under drought conditions in co-cultivation with Penicillium chrysogenum isolated from Antarctica, Penicillium minioluteum isolated from the Atacama Desert, Chile, and Serendipita indica isolated from the Thar Desert, India. To elucidate plant gene modules commonly induced by the different endophytes that could explain the observed drought tolerance effect in tomato, a comprehensive transcriptomics analysis was conducted. This analysis led to the identification of a shared gene module in the fungus-infected tomato plants. Within this module, gene network analysis enabled us to identify genes related to abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, ABA transport, auxin signaling, ion homeostasis, proline biosynthesis, and jasmonic acid signaling, providing insights into the molecular basis of drought tolerance commonly mediated by fungal endophytes. Our findings highlight a conserved response in the mutualistic interactions between endophytic fungi isolated from unrelated environments and tomato roots, resulting in improved shoot biomass production under drought stress.
Synthesis and Characterization of biodegradable Polyurethane/CuS Nanocomposites for Agricultural application
Authors: S Poornima , L Yashaswini V , K Roopa , S Madhukar B , A Sangamesha M
Published: November 2024

Polyurethane (PU) is one of the important industrial polymers. PU and its composites can be used in different applications. This paper examines the potential of PU/copper sulfide (CuS) NCs for application as green mulching films in agriculture. Castor oil-based PU NCs were fabricated by varying the CuS concentration viz., 0.0%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 4.0% and 8.0%. The NCs were characterized for microcrystalline nature by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy used for examining spectral characteristics, morphological assessment by Scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy. The NCs were characterized for tensile properties, which revealed that a 4% PU/CuS NC exhibited high elongation at break of 399.72 MPa, suitable for mulching applications. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to examine the thermal stability and degradation. The chemical resistance and water absorption were evaluated in various atmosphere. The biodegradability was investigated through the soil and cow dung burial test. The pot study experiment is conducted to investigate the effect of NC on growth rate of the plants, which showed that beans treated with PU/CuS NCs showed a 43% increase in height within 7 days and a 32% increase within 35 days, with an increase of about 62.5% in leaf width within 7 days and continues to increase until the 35th day and shows considerably more branches and stem diameter than the control. This work concludes that PU/CuS NCs have high potential as green mulching films for application in agriculture.
Sequence- and chemical specificity define the functional landscape of intrinsically disordered regions
Authors: Holehouse Alex , Langstein-Skora Iris , Schmid Andrea , Huth Frauke , Shabani Drin , Spechtenhauser Lorenz , Likhodeeva Mariia , Kunert Franziska , Metzner Felix , Emenecker Ryan , Richardon Mary , Aftap Wasim , Götz Maximilian , Payer Sarah , Pietrantoni Niccoló , Sjeničić Valentina , Ravichandran Sakthi , Bartke Till , Hopfner Karl-Peter , Gerland Ulrich , Korber Philipp
Published: November 2024

Intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDRs) pervasively engage in essential molecular functions, yet they are often poorly conserved as assessed by sequence alignment. To understand the seeming paradox of how sequence variability is compatible with persistent function, we examined the functional determinants for a poorly conserved but essential IDR. We show that IDR function depends on two distinct but related properties: sequence- and chemical specificity. While sequence-specificity works via linear binding motifs, chemical specificity reflects the sequence-encoded chemistry of multivalent interactions through amino acids across an IDR. Unexpectedly, a binding motif that is essential in the wild-type IDR can be removed if compensatory changes to the sequence chemistry are made, highlighting the orthogonality and interoperability of both properties and providing a much deeper sequence space compatible with function. Our results provide a general framework to understand the functional constraints on IDR sequence evolution.
The Proneural Transcription Factor Atoh1 Promotes Odontogenic/Osteogenic Differentiation in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs)
Authors: Sabatini Camila , Lin Huey-Jiun , Ovik Galib , Hall Richard , Lee Techung
Published: November 2024

Background
Developmentally regulated transcription factors constitute the gene regulatory networks driving cell fate determination. Atonal homolog 1 (Atoh1) is a transcription factor of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family essential for neurogenesis in the cerebellum, auditory hair cell differentiation, and intestinal stem cell specification. The functional versatility of Atoh1 prompted us to test the possibility that Atoh1 may intersect the dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) gene regulatory network governing odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation. DPSCs were isolated from human dental pulps and amplified in culture. DPSCs were treated with a replication-deficient adenoviral vector to achieve robust expression of Atoh1, following which cells were maintained in a growth or osteogenic medium. Cell proliferation was analyzed by MTT assay. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed to measure gene expression. L-Lactate from spent medium was quantified to assess glycolytic flux. Enzyme assays were carried out to evaluate glycolysis and mitochondrial energy metabolism. Alizarin Red staining was used to assess matrix mineralization. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.
Results
DPSCs harboring the Atoh1 expression vector exhibited an over 3,000-fold increase in the expression of Atoh1 compared to the negative control, leading to increased DPSC proliferation in the growth medium (P < 0.05). In the osteogenic medium, Atoh1 induced BMP2 and Wnt signaling, which is accompanied by up to 8-fold increased expression of the master osteogenic transcription factor Osterix (P < 0.005) while exhibiting no effect on Runx2. Atoh1 stimulated the expression of type I collagen (P < 0.005), bone sialoprotein (P < 0.001), dentin matrix protein 1 (P < 0.05), dentin sialophosphoprotein (P < 0.005), and Osteopontin (P < 0.001), resulting in increased dentin matrix mineralization (P < 0.05). The odontogenic/osteogenic phenotype is associated with metabolic remodeling marked by enhanced glycolytic flux and attenuated mitochondrial metabolic activities.
Conclusions
Atoh1, despite being a proneural transcription factor in development, possesses a novel odontogenic/osteogenic function upon ectopic expression in DPSCs. This in vitro study demonstrates a novel odontogenic/osteogenic mechanism mediated by ectopic expression of the transcription factor Atoh1 in human DPSCs. The finding may offer an innovative strategy for enhanced regeneration of the pulp-dentin complex.
Finite Element Analysis of Different Cephalomedullary Nail Treatments for Basicervical Femoral Neck Fracture
Authors: Gao Yang , Chen Xinxiao , Cao Changpeng , Xing Haiyang , Du Zhipeng , Cao Faxin , Bao Tianqi , Huang Guanning , Wang Gang
Published: November 2024

Background
Cephalomedullary nail (CMN) is an ideal internal implant for the treatment of Basicervical femoral neck fracture (BFNF). This study uses finite element analysis techniques to compare the biomechanical characteristics of three types of CMN systems, namely proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) InterTAN and proximal femur bionic nail (PFBN), in fixing BFNF using three cannulated screws (CSs) as controls, and analyzed their clinical significance.
Method
Based on femoral CT and internal implant data, a finite element analysis model for BFNF internal fixation was established: CSs, PFNA, InterTAN, and PFBN. The three types of loads, namely one-legged stance, torsion the femoral head, and walking, were simulated based on reference literature to obtain extreme values and cloud maps of data, including stress on fracture fragments and internal fixation devices, pressure between fracture surfaces, separation displacement, and sliding displacement. The biomechanical characteristics of different internal fixation devices were compared and analyzed.
Results
The finite element analysis data showed that in the one-legged stance group, the stress between the InterTAN fracture block and the internal fixation device, the extreme value of the pressure and sliding displacement between the fracture surfaces were lower than those of the other three models; In the femoral head torsion group, InterTAN had lower extreme values for both femoral head torsion displacement and fracture surface sliding displacement. The extreme values of separation displacement are second only to PFBN. In the walking exercise group, the extreme values of all indicators in InterTAN were lower than those in other models.
Conclusion
Compared with PFNA and PFBN, InterTAN has better anti rotation ability and anti-inversion deformity ability, can provide better stability and safety, and provide guarantees for early functional exercise. This study provides clinical reference significance for the use of InterTAN in the treatment of BFNF.
Failure Analysis and Size Optimization of CFRP Composite Single-lap Bonded Joints Based on the Influence of Multiple Parameters
Authors: Yang Kang , Liu Ziyi , Qi Xin , Li Pengyang , Ji Shude , Liu Peng , Liu Zhipeng
Published: November 2024

This paper had conducted tensile shear tests on single-lap joints (SLJs)bonded structures of carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix (CFRP) composite laminates with different overlap lengths, overlap widths, overlap model, adherend material, and adhesive layer thicknesses under two environments: room temperature dry state (RTD) and elevated temperature wet state (ETW). The failure modes were observed, and load-displacement curves were obtained. The microscopic morphology of the fracture surface was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). At the same time, a finite element simulation model was established to simulate the damage initiation and evolution process between layers and in the adhesive layer, and analyze the distribution laws of peel stress and shear stress in the adhesive layer. Through the combination of test data and simulation results, the influences of geometric parameters, material parameters and environmental parameters on the structure were explored, and the joint failure mechanism was revealed. Finally, the ACO-BP neural network was used to optimize the geometric parameters through test data. The research results showed that the geometric parameters of the structure mainly affect the bearing capacity and failure type. Reducing the overlap length and increasing the overlap width within a certain range can weaken the peeling phenomenon, so that a smaller overlap area has a higher shear strength. The material parameters of the adherend mainly affect the stress distribution law and stress transfer process of the adhesive layer in the overlap area. The joint mainly bore shear stress and peel stress, and shear stress is the main cause of damage initiation. When the types of adherend materials are different, the stress distribution law shows obvious asymmetric offset. The lap model mainly affects the location distribution of the failure area, and the environmental parameters mainly affect the area proportion relationship of various fracture forms in the mixed failure mode.
Stock index trend prediction based on multiscale random forests
Authors: Ren Aizhen , Lin Zida , Ishida Takashi , Akiyama Yutaka
Published: November 2024

This paper describes the implementation of a multiscale bootstrap method to improve the random forest algorithm. We construct a multiscale random forest model with the aim of enhancing the classification accuracy of the conventional random forest method, and we apply it to stock index predictions. First, the basic indicators of the CSI 300 stock index are analyzed through stepwise regression analysis to obtain a smaller number of input indicators. Second, using the multiscale bootstrap method, the training samples are resampled multiple times during the model construction stage to generate multiple random forests. These random forests are integrated to obtain the multiscale random forest. In the prediction stage, the multiscale bootstrap probability is obtained and the unbiased p-value with third-order accuracy is computed through regression analysis and extrapolation. Finally, we apply the proposed method to the original dataset and to the dataset obtained after stepwise regression analysis. The predictive performance of multiscale random forest, ordinary random forest, support vector machine, and weighted k-nearest neighbors models are evaluated in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. The results show that the proposed multiscale random forest model outperforms the other models on the accuracy, precision, and F1 score metrics when using the first dataset, but gives a worse recall value than the support vector machine model. On the second dataset, the proposed multiscale random forest model achieves the highest precision. Therefore, the multiscale random forest prediction model is suitable for stock index forecasting, providing theoretical and technical support for the subsequent construction of quantitative timing strategies, option pricing models, and financial early-warning models of listed companies for higher-level theoretical research and development of new application systems.
Molecular dynamic studies of Gold nanoparticles in a dental material TEGDMA
Authors: N Amruth B , H Somashekarappa , M Maurya , B Nandaprakash M , R Somashekar
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the effect of gold (Au) nanoparticles on the physical and chemical properties of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) through molecular dynamics simulations. Gold nanoparticles were incorporated into TEGDMA at varying concentrations (0%, 3%, 4%, and 5%) to analyze their influence on key parameters such as cohesive energy, lattice energy, viscosity, surface tension, density, specific heat, and optical properties (UV-Vis and IR spectra). The results showed that 3% Au nanoparticles optimized the mechanical strength, density, and viscosity, while 4% Au exhibited the highest specific heat and uniform distribution of nanoparticles. Beyond 4%, the properties began to deteriorate, likely due to aggregation and void formation in the matrix. Phonon and UV-Vis spectra revealed enhanced vibrational and optical properties with increased Au concentration. Some of these results are compared with reported experimental values which do justify the computation carried out here. These findings demonstrate the potential for Au-doped TEGDMA in dental and biomaterial applications, offering improved mechanical and thermal performance. Functional data analysis of the computed parameters with concentratons of Au in TEGDMA is reported here. This study also opens pathways for further research into nanoparticle integration in composite materials for enhanced industrial use.
The Role of Protective Genetic Variants in Modulating Epigenetic Aging
Authors: Bejaoui Yosra , Sr Luma , Qannan Abeer , Oshima Junko , Saad Chadi , Horvath Steve , Mbarek Hamdi , Hajj Nady El
Published: November 2024

Background
Several progeroid syndromes' causative mutations have been linked to epigenetic age acceleration as measured via several epigenetic clocks. At the same time, several protective variants have also been discovered that can reduce the risk of developing certain age-related disorders. However, the impact of these protective variants on epigenetic aging has not been well elucidated.
Results
Our research, which involved screening over 14,669 individuals enrolled in the Qatar BioBank (QBB) and sequenced by the Qatar Genome Project (QGP), identified individuals carrying protective variants against age-related disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Type 2 diabetes (T2D), and atherosclerosis. In this study, we measured methylation levels in blood DNA using the EPIC v2 arrays. In addition, epigenetic age was calculated using various epigenetic clocks. Our analysis revealed that the APOE*E2 protective variant reduces the rate of GrimAge epigenetic aging when compared to individuals with the APOE4 AD risk allele. Furthermore, our differential DNA methylation analysis discovered the association of the PCSK9 protective variant with specific biological processes related to immune function and the cardiovascular system.
Conclusion
In conclusion, APOE*E2 protective variants have a positive impact on epigenetic aging, while PCSK9 protective variants have a significant effect on DNA methylation signatures. Further studies are needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms by which protective variants influence epigenetic aging, particularly the role of APOE*E2 protective variants in biological aging. Furthermore, additional research is required to fully uncover the processes that might enable specific targeted therapies to mimic the effects of beneficial mutations, such as LOF variants in PCSK9, in reducing the risk of geriatric disorders.
A Synthetic Control approach on Argentina’s Beef Exports Restriction
Authors: de Mier Manuel , Delbianco Fernando
Published: November 2024

The volatile and upward behavior of beef prices above the general price level led the Argentine government to implement export restrictions in May 2021 to stabilize domestic prices. This paper employs the synthetic control method to assess the impact of this policy on retail beef prices in the city of Bahía Blanca, Argentina. The results indicate a temporary effectiveness of the intervention in terms of price stabilization, causing a slowdown in beef prices between July and October 2021 that would not have otherwise occurred.
JEL Codes: E31, Q11, Q17-18.
Autophagy-lysosomal dysfunction, intraneuronal amyloidosis, and selective neuron death yield senile plaques in preclinical late-onset Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Nixon Ralph , Lee Ju-Hyun , Stavrides Philip , Darji Sandipkumar , Goulbourne Chris , Berg Martin , Mohan Panaiyur , Yang Dun-Sheng , Roussos Panos , Bleiwas Cynthia , Jeon Pureum , Peddy James , Zhu Xiongwei , Perry George , Dammer Eric , Seyfried Nicholas
Published: November 2024

The autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP) is dysfunctional in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) although pathogenic consequences remain unclear. Here, we identify exceptionally early ALP dysfunction in neocortical neurons of late-onset sporadic AD (LOAD) brains, leading to selective neuronal death yielding β-amyloid plaques. Proteomic ALP analyses of ROSMAP/Banner datasets revealed selective deficits in vATPase subunits and, in an snRNA database, diminished vATPase transcripts in excitatory neurons but not other cell-types. Biochemical, confocal, and immuno-EM human brain analyses confirm defective neuronal lysosomal clearance and intracellular β-amyloid formation within ER-related membrane tubules. Despite deficient clearance, persistent autophagy induction accelerates profuse buildup of Aβ-positive autolysosomes. In select neurons among broadly affected neocortical populations, extreme autophagic stress and intraneuronal β-amyloidosis cause cell death and transform these neurons into extracellular senile plaques. Thus, LOAD brain recapitulates PANTHOS pattern of ALP dysfunction in mouse AD models that arises from faulty-autolysosome acidification and underlies an intraneuronal (“inside-out”) origin of senile plaques.
Functional disability and depressive symptoms among centenarians in Nanjing, China: The mediating role of leisure activities and attitudes toward aging
Authors: Xu Xin , Pei Yaolin , Wu Bei , Zhao Yuan
Published: November 2024

Objective This study examines the association between functional disability and depressive symptoms among Chinese centenarians, and the mediating role of leisure activities and attitudes toward aging in this association.Methods The data were obtained from a cross-sectional household survey of 185 centenarians in Nanjing. We used OLS and structural equation modeling to examine the associations between functional disability, leisure activities, attitudes toward aging, and depressive symptoms.Results Functional disability was positively associated with depressive symptoms (b = 0.24, p < 0.001). Both leisure activities (34.2%) and attitudes toward aging (82.3%) partially mediated the association between functional disability and depressive symptoms among centenarians.Conclusions Our findings suggest that engaging in leisure activities and fostering a positive attitude toward aging may help very old adults maintain their mental well-being, despite declines in physical functioning.
Chemical Composition and Selective Toxicity of Piper baccans (Piperaceae) Essential Oil Against Aedes aegypti (Culicidae) Larvae and Non-target Aquatic Organisms
Authors: Souza Hergen Vieira , Oliveira André C. , Tavares Claúdia Patrícia S. , Lima Suelen C. , Andrade Aylane Tamara dos S. , Rafael Miriam S. , Silva Junielson S. , Roque Rosemary A. , de Oliveira Ana Lígia Leondrini
Published: November 2024

The current resistance of Aedes mosquitoes to common insecticides poses a significant challenge in controlling arboviral diseases, highlighting the need for innovative alternatives in mosquito management. Botanical insecticides may offer an environmentally safe option for vector control. In this study, we describe, for the first time, the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) from the Amazonian plant Piper baccans (Piperaceae), its specific larvicidal activity, and the mechanism of action against Aedes aegypti (Culicidae). The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation from the leaves of P. baccans and analyzed by GC-MS and GC-FID. The main components of the EO were identified as eudesm-7(11)-en-4-ol acetate (30.71%), valerianol (5.73%), γ-eudesmol acetate (5.37%), δ-amorphene (5.03%), and 13-hydroxyvalencene (5.0%). The EO demonstrated significant larvicidal activity (LC50 of 10.68 µg/mL and LC90 of 22.11 µg/mL) and AChE inhibitory activity (IC50 of 38.37 µg/mL). Genotoxic effects of the EO were observed, evidenced by low micronucleus formation and induction of apoptosis and necrosis. Nuclear abnormalities, including disruptions during chromosome metaphase and binucleated cells, were noted. Importantly, the EO was non-toxic to non-target predators in Culicidae larvae, such as Diplonychus indicus, Anisops bouvieri, and Paracheirodon axelrodi, at concentrations below 31.25 µg/mL.
Fine resolution satellite sea surface temperatures capture the conditions experienced by corals at monthly but not daily time scales.
Authors: Bos Jaelyn T , Pinsky Malin L
Published: November 2024

Water temperature is a strong driver of growth, survival, and local adaptation in corals, but our knowledge of the temperatures experienced by corals on reefs worldwide remains limited. While in situ temperature loggers can provide high quality data, they are relatively expensive to place and retrieve. Alternatively, remotely sensed sea surface temperature data is globally available but may be a biased representation of the temperatures experienced by corals. Here, we compared data from 314 temperature loggers on coral reefs to the ~1 km2 resolution remotely sensed Multi-scale Ultra-high Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (MUR) product from NASA. We found good agreement (Pearson’s r = 0.95) between maximum monthly mean temperatures calculated from remote and in situ data, with 84% of temperatures within 0.5 °C of each other. However, remotely sensed temperature did not effectively capture sub-diel temperature fluctuations and the highest peak temperatures that may be most dangerous for corals. Predictions of in situ temperatures were significantly but weakly improved by a consideration of reef geomorphology. Ultimately, we found that remotely sensed temperatures can accurately represent the monthly conditions experienced by most corals but should be used with caution at finer temporal scales.
Characterizing the Heterogeneity of MAIT Cells in Grafts Using Single-Cell RNA Sequencing to Assist in the Precise Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal GVHD
Authors: Zhao Xiao-Su , Gao Mengge , Li Si-Qi , Zhang Kai-Nan , Guo Hui-dong , Sun Yuqian , Kong Jun , Han Ting-Ting , Chang Ying-Jun , Huang Xiaojun
Published: November 2024

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) enhances acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) prophylaxis in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) by inducing T cell tolerance and altering graft cell composition. Previous studies have shown that the number of mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in G-CSF induced graft was associated with a low incidence of gut aGVHD. However, the effect of G-CSF mobilization on MAIT cell and its role in MAIT-mediated protection against gut GVHD remain unclear. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing, we found that the interaction of G-CSF with its receptor CSF3R enhances of immunosuppression and tissue repair functions of MAIT cells, contributing to the anti-gut aGVHD effect. The chemokine receptor CXCR6 was identified as potentially crucial for recruiting these functional MAIT cells to gut tissues. Besides, we simulated the dynamic distribution of MAIT cells from donor G-CSF mobilized PBSCs (G-PBSCs) in recipient mouse, and further confirmed that the circulating MAIT cells migrated into gut tissue in a CXCR6-CXCL16 dependent manner. To further validate these findings, we developed a flow cytometry panel that effectively predicts the gut aGVHD occurrence following allo-HSCT by analyzing the frequency and functional markers of MAIT cells in G-PBSCs. The predictive model shifts aGVHD prediction and intervention to the pre-transplant stage and offers a new strategy for the prevention and management of gut aGVHD in clinical practice.
Molecular dynamics simulation-driven focused virtual screening and experimental validation of Fisetin as an inhibitor of Helicobacter pylori HtrA protease
Authors: Gao Li , Jiang Xianqiong , Duan Hongtao , Shen Yan , Gu Kui , Huang Kuilong , Wang Yuanqiang , Shu Mao , Zhang Rui , Lin Zhihua
Published: November 2024

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori, Hp) is a primary contributor to various stomach diseases, including gastritis and gastric cancer. This bacterium can colonize gastric epithelial cells, compromising their integrity and leading to the development of these conditions. While antibiotics are the mainstay of treatment for H. pylori infections, their widespread use has led to serious issues with drug resistance. High-temperature requirement A (HtrA), an important virulence factor of H. pylori, emerges as a promising target for the design of new inhibitors. In this study, we employed molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation (MDs), and in vitro experimental validation to identify potential active components that specifically target HtrA, effectively combating H. pylori. Based on the results of molecular docking and literature reports, 8 potential natural compounds targeting HtrA were found: Camelliaside B, Rehmanioside A, Hesperidin, Quercetin, Fisetin, Colchicine, Apigenin and Geniposide. MDs further revealed that Fisetin, Geniposide, and Quercetin show promising stability and interactions with HtrA. Importantly, in vitro experiments, including casein hydrolysis assays and antibacterial sensitivity tests, demonstrated that Fisetin observably inhibited the hydrolysis of casein by HtrA and effectively suppressed the growth of H. pylori. Overall, our findings highlight Fisetin as a potential therapeutic drug that targets HtrA, offering new tack for the development of lead compounds and potential drugs against H. pylori infections.
Synthesis of novel 3-[4-(4- O-(β -D-Glucopyranosyl) phenyl)-1, 3-thiazol-2-yl]-2-phenyl-1, 3-thiazolidin-4-one as antioxidant agent
Authors: Awaghade Chanda W. , Author) Meghasham N. Narule (corresponding , Kathale Niren
Published: November 2024

The current study's objective was to create a novel antibacterial agent. Numerous unique heterocyclic O-(β-D-Glucopyranosyl) derivatives have been developed for investigation based on their pharmacological properties in the search for new medications. Synthesis of 3-[4-(4- O-(β -D-Glucopyranosyl) phenyl)-1, 3-thiazol-2-yl] -2-phenyl-1, 3-thiazolidin-4-one, which were produced through additions between various acetophenone and urea in a glycosylation. In comparison to standard drugs Norfloxacine and Griseofulvin, these compounds exhibit antibacterial and antifungal activities against bacterial cultures, including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Proteus vulgaris, and fungal cultures, include Aspergillus Niger and Candida albicans. IR, 1HNMR, and elemental analysis have all verified the compounds' structures. In order to achieve possible pharmacophoric action, these compounds will therefore undergo additional testing.