bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early English Mercantilists and the Support of Liberal Institutions
Authors: Elmslie Bruce
Published: September 2015

Ever since Adam Smith and David Hume launched an assault on specific mercantilist policies, most economists have been of a similar opinion regarding the mercantilists: they were a loose group of writers who failed to grasp the proper workings of the economy, and/or they were simply a group of writers following their own narrow interests and argued for policies that furthered those interests at the expense of the general welfare. New work in the economic history of Europe from 1500 to 1800 suggests a reexamination of the role played by early mercantilist writers. The link between the Atlantic trade, mercantile interests, and institutional change favoring individual property rights outside of the monarch's inner circle suggests another broader interpretation of some prominent mercantilist writers as institutional reformers.
Quality Uncertainty in Early Economic Thought
Authors: Lupton Sylvie
Published: September 2015

This article highlights the contributions of early economic thought to quality uncertainty. Both Roman law regarding fraud and medieval thinkers (such as Vacarius, Thomas Aquinas, Henry of Ghent, and Astesanus of Asti) scrutinized asymmetric information and shared uncertainty regarding product quality, although not in the same terms as the modern literature. This retrospective analysis will help clarify how early economic thought can enlighten us both on the nature and consequences of quality uncertainty and the mechanisms to address it, and may have even predicted the issues that have been addressed by modern information economics.
A zebrafish model of inflammatory lymphangiogenesis
Authors: Okuda Kazuhide S. , Misa June Pauline , Oehlers Stefan H. , Hall Christopher J. , Ellett Felix , Alasmari Sultan , Lieschke Graham J. , Crosier Kathryn E. , Crosier Philip S. , Astin Jonathan W.
Published: September 2015

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a disabling chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. IBD patients have increased intestinal lymphatic vessel density and recent studies have shown that this may contribute to the resolution of IBD. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in IBD-associated lymphangiogenesis are still unclear. In this study, we established a novel inflammatory lymphangiogenesis model in zebrafish larvae involving colitogenic challenge stimulated by exposure to 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) or dextran sodium sulphate (DSS). Treatment with either TNBS or DSS resulted in vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (Vegfr)-dependent lymphangiogenesis in the zebrafish intestine. Reduction of intestinal inflammation by the administration of the IBD therapeutic, 5-aminosalicylic acid, reduced intestinal lymphatic expansion. Zebrafish macrophages express vascular growth factors vegfaa, vegfc and vegfd and chemical ablation of these cells inhibits intestinal lymphatic expansion, suggesting that the recruitment of macrophages to the intestine upon colitogenic challenge is required for intestinal inflammatory lymphangiogenesis. Importantly, this study highlights the potential of zebrafish as an inflammatory lymphangiogenesis model that can be used to investigate the role and mechanism of lymphangiogenesis in inflammatory diseases such as IBD.
Exact results for perturbation to total positivity and to total nonsingularity
Authors: Farber Miriam , Faulk Mitchell , Johnson Charles , Marzion Evan
Published: September 2015

A study of the maximum number of equal entries in totally positive and totally nonsingular m-by-n, matrices for small values of m and n, is presented. Equal entries correspond to entries of the totally nonnegative matrix J that are not changed in producing a TP or TNS matrix. It is shown that the maximum number of equal entries in a 7-by-7 totally positive matrix is strictly smaller than that for a 7-by-7 totally non-singular matrix, but, this is the first pair (m; n) for which these maximum numbers differ. Using point-line geometry in the projective plane, a family of values for (m; n) for which these maximum numbers differ is presented. Generalization to the Hadamard core, as well as larger projective planes is also established. Finally, the relationship with C4 free graphs, along with a method for producing symmetric TP matrices with maximal symmetric arrangements of equal entries is discussed.
Commuting maps on rank-k matrices
Authors: Xu Xiao-Wei , Yi Xiaofei
Published: September 2015

In this short note we give a new proof and a slight improvement of the Franca Theorem. More precisely we prove: Let n \geq 3 be a natural number, and let Mn(K) be the ring of all n Ã n matrices over an arbitrary field K with center Z. Fix a natural number 2â¤sâ¤n. If G:Mn(K)âMn(K) is an additive map such that G(x)x=xG(x) for every rank-s matrix x â Mn(K), then there exist an element Î» â Z and an additive map Î¼ : Mn(K) â Z such that G(x) = Î»x + Î¼(x) for each x â Mn(K).
On oriented graphs with minimal skew energy
Authors: Gong Shi-Cai , Li Xueliang , Xu Guanghui
Published: September 2015

Let S(G^Ï) be the skew-adjacency matrix of an oriented graph GÏ. The skew energy of G^Ï is the sum of all singular values of its skew-adjacency matrix S(G^Ï). This paper first establishes an integral formula for the skew energy of an oriented graph. Then, it determines all oriented graphs with minimal skew energy among all connected oriented graphs on n vertices with m (n â¤ m < 2(n â 2)) arcs, which is analogous to the conjecture for the energy of undirected graphs proposed by Caporossi et al. [G. Caporossi, D. Cvetkovic, I. Gutman, and P. Hansen. Variable neighborhood search for extremal graphs. 2. Finding graphs with external energy. J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci., 39:984â996, 1999].
On the maximal angle between copositive matrices
Authors: Goldberg Felix , Shaked-Monderer Naomi
Published: September 2015

Hiriart-Urruty and Seeger have posed the problem of finding the maximal possible angle Î¸_{max}(C_n) between two copositive matrices of order n [J.-B. Hiriart-Urruty and A. Seeger. A variational approach to copositive matrices. SIAM Rev., 52:593â629, 2010.]. They have proved that Î¸_{max}(C_2) = (3/4)pi and conjectured that Î¸_{max}(C_n) is equal to (3/4)pi for all n â¥ 2. In this note, their conjecture is disproven by showing that lim_{nââ} Î¸_{max}(C_n) = pi. The proof uses a construction from algebraic graph theory. The related problem of finding the maximal angle between a nonnegative matrix and a positive semidefinite matrix of the same order is considered in this paper.
Schur ideals and homomorphisms of the semidefinite cone
Authors: Joshi Babhru , Gowda Muddappa
Published: September 2015

The semidefinite cone Kn consisting of all n by n real symmetric positive semidefinite matrices is considered. A set I in Kn is said to be a Schur ideal if it is closed under addition, multiplication by nonnegative scalars, and Schur multiplication by any element of Kn. A Schur homomorphism of Kn is a mapping of Kn to itself that preserves addition, (nonnegative) scalar multiplication and Schur products. This paper is concerned with Schur ideals and homomorphisms of Kn. It shows that in the topology induced by the trace inner product, Schur ideals in Kn need not be closed, all finitely generated Schur ideals are closed, and in K2, a Schur ideal is closed if and only if it is a principal ideal. It also characterizes Schur homomorphisms of Kn and, in particular, shows that any Schur automorphism of Kn is of the form Î¦(X) = P XPT for some permutation matrix P.
Finite and infinite structures of rational matrices: a local approach
Authors: Amparan A. , Marcaida S. , Zaballa Ion
Published: September 2015

The structure of a rational matrix is given by its Smith-McMillan invariants. Some properties of the Smith-McMillan invariants of rational matrices with elements in different principal ideal domains are presented: In the ring of polynomials in one indeterminate (global structure), in the local ring at an irreducible polynomial (local structure), and in the ring of proper rational functions (infinite structure). Furthermore, the change of the finite (global and local) and infinite structures is studied when performing a Mobius transformation on a rational matrix. The results are applied to define an equivalence relation in the set of polynomial matrices, with no restriction on size, for which a complete system of invariants are the finite and infinite elementary divisors.
Generalization of Gracia's Results
Authors: Liao Jun , Liu Heguo , Wang Yulei , Wu Zuohui , Xu Xingzhong
Published: September 2015

Let Î± be a linear transformation of the m Ã n-dimensional vector space M_{mÃn}(C) over the complex field C such that Î±(X) = AX âXB, where A and B are mÃm and nÃn complex matrices, respectively. In this paper, the dimension formulas for the kernels of the linear transformations Î±^2 and Î±^3 are given, which generalizes the work of Gracia in [J.M. Gracia. Dimension of the solution spaces of the matrix equations [A, [A, X]] = 0 and [A[A, [A, X]]] = 0. Linear and Multilinear Algebra, 9:195â200, 1980.].
Reviews DVD/Blu-ray
Authors: Grasberg Sara , Jeng Jonah , Polisky Laurie
Published: September 2015

We Are What We Are (2013) USA/France Director Jim Mickle Runtime 105 minutes

DVD USA, 2014 Distributed by Entertainment One Film USA LLC (region 1)

The Raid 2 (2014) Indonesia Director Gareth Evans Runtime 150 minutes

DVD USA, 2014 Produced and Distributed by Sony Picture Classics (region 1)

Wadjda (2012) Saudi Arabia Director Haifaa Al-Mansour Runtime 98 minutes

DVD USA, 2014 Produced and Distributed by Sony Picture Classics (region 1)
Sudden Gains and Sudden Losses in the Clients of a "Supershrink": 10 Case Studies
Authors: Hansen Brian P. , Lambert Michael J , Vlass Erigoni N.
Published: September 2015

Sudden gain or sudden loss in psychotherapy is a statistically exceptional decrease or increase, respectively, in a client's symptoms and distress between two treatment sessions. In psychotherapy research, such sudden gains have been found to be strong predictors of outcome at termination and follow-up. To obtain further in-depth knowledge of the nature and process of sudden gains, this article presents qualitative and quantitative case studies of the clients of a clinical psychologist who is a private practitioner, Erigoni Vlass (the third author). Vlass's caseload presented numerous examples of this phenomenon—she had a sudden-gain base rate over five times higher than the established rate for similar types of clients (and a sudden-loss rate one third less than expected)—classifying her as a "supershrink" (Okiishi, Lambert, Nielsen, & Ogles, 2003). Specifically, a randomized sample of five of Vlass's sudden-gain clients and five of her sudden-loss clients were selected and their results compared with quantitative and qualitative data collected at two-year-plus follow-up. The quantitative results indicated, consistent with previous research, that the sudden-gains clients made dramatic improvements in reducing distress and increasing functioning, while the sudden-loss clients showed little such improvement. Also, a statistically significant higher overall working alliance was found in the sudden-gain as compared to the sudden-loss clients. The qualitative results supported the quantitative results, providing rich, narrative details of how the clients experienced the process and impact of the therapy. The article concludes with a discussion of the distinctive aspects of the results, including the role of the therapist as an outcome variable; the uneven rate of change reflected in the sudden gain/sudden loss phenomena; and the ability of a supershrink therapist like Vlass to achieve dramatically positive results—as measured over two years after the end of therapy—in an average of little more than four therapy sessions.
Crystal structure of diaqua-dinitrato-κ1O-bis(2-(pyridin-4-ylthio)- pyrazine-κ1N)cadmium(II), C18H18CdN8O8S2
Authors: Wang Deng-Wu , Wang Fang
Published: September 2015

C18H18CdN8O8S2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 12.9345(5) Å, b = 12.9120(5) Å, c = 7.2991(3) Å, β = 91.085(2)°, V = 1218.8 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0401, wRref(F2) = 0.0939, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of 1-acetylimidazolidine-2,4-dione monohydrate, C5H8N2O4
Authors: Mabkhot Y. N. , Al-Showiman S. S. , Barakat A. , Yousuf S. , Choudhary M. I.
Published: September 2015

C5H8N2O4, monoclinic, P21/m (no. 11), a = 6.385(2) Å, b = 6.150(2) Å, c = 8.771(2) Å, β = 105.698(4)°, V = 331.5 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0358, wRref(F2) = 0.0955, T = 273 K.
A review of different solvents, mass transfer, and hydrodynamics for postcombustion CO2 capture
Authors: Mirzaei Somayeh , Shamiri Ahmad , Aroua Mohamed Kheireddine
Published: September 2015

There is a growing environmental concern regarding carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from human activities that result in global warming or climate change. To tackle this potential problem, it is crucial to develop CO2 capture technologies. This paper reviews the current status of postcombustion carbon capture by absorption in packed column using different solvents. The major concerns with the selection of absorbent, such as absorption rate, CO2 absorption capacity, CO2 solubility, environmental cost, and toxicity, are discussed. The hydrodynamics and mass-transfer performance of CO2 absorption in a packed column are reviewed. The determinant factors of CO2 absorption, including effective interfacial area and mass-transfer coefficients in different contactors, are discussed. Liquid holdup and pressure-drop models are investigated.
N-succinyl chitosan preparation, characterization, properties and biomedical applications: a state of the art review
Authors: Bashir Shahid , Teo Yin Yin , Ramesh S. , Ramesh K. , Khan Amir Azam
Published: September 2015

N-succinyl chitosan (NSC) remains a promising chitosan derivative to develop targeted drug delivery, wound dressings, and tissue engineering systems. All these systems are important in life sciences. NSC is an amphiprotic derivative obtained from the N-acylation of chitosan. NSC exhibits extraordinary biocompatibility, significantly increased aqueous solubility in acidic and basic media without affecting the biological properties, appreciable transfection efficiency, and the ability to stimulate osteogenesis. NSC shows enhanced bioavailability, which highlights its potential applications in the biomedical field. This review briefly introduces chitosan, including its limitations as a biomaterial, and modifications of chitosan with a particular focus on acylation, along with a comprehensive overview of the synthesis, characterization, properties, biodistribution, and toxicological/biopharmaceutical profile of NSC. Furthermore, it extensively surveys current state-of-the-art NSC-based formulations for drug delivery with special emphasis on protein delivery, anti-cancer activity in the colon, as well as nasal and ophthalmic targeted gene/drug delivery. Moreover, it discusses NSC-based biomaterial applications in articular, adipose, and bone tissue engineering. In addition, it describes recent contributions of NSC-based hydrogels in wound dressings along with a brief account of drug delivery in combination with tissue engineering. Finally, it presents potential current challenges and future perspectives of NSC-based formulations in the biomedical field.
Electromagnetic hypersensitivity – an increasing challenge to the medical profession
Authors: Hedendahl Lena , Carlberg Michael , Hardell Lennart
Published: September 2015

Background:

In 1970, a report from the former Soviet Union described the “microwave syndrome” among military personnel, working with radio and radar equipment, who showed symptoms that included fatigue, dizziness, headaches, problems with concentration and memory, and sleep disturbances. Similar symptoms were found in the 1980s among Swedes working in front of cathode ray tube monitors, with symptoms such as flushing, burning, and tingling of the skin, especially on the face, but also headaches, dizziness, tiredness, and photosensitivity. The same symptoms are reported in Finns, with electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) being attributed to exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF). Of special concern is involuntary exposure to radiofrequency (RF)-EMF from different sources. Most people are unaware of this type of exposure, which has no smell, color, or visibility. There is an increasing concern that wireless use of laptops and iPads in Swedish schools, where some have even abandoned textbooks, will exacerbate the exposure to EMF.

Methods:

We have surveyed the literature on different aspects of EHS and potential adverse health effects of RF-EMF. This is exemplified by case reports from two students and one teacher who developed symptoms of EHS in schools using Wi-Fi.

Results:

In population-based surveys, the prevalence of EHS has ranged from 1.5% in Sweden to 13.3% in Taiwan. Provocation studies on EMF have yielded different results, ranging from where people with EHS cannot discriminate between an active RF signal and placebo, to objectively observed changes following exposure in reactions of the pupil, changes in heart rhythm, damage to erythrocytes, and disturbed glucose metabolism in the brain. The two students and the teacher from the case reports showed similar symptoms, while in school environments, as those mentioned above.

Discussion:

Austria is the only country with a written suggestion to guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of EMF-related health problems. Apart from this, EHS is not recognized as a specific diagnosis in the rest of the world, and no established treatment exists.

Conclusion:

It seems necessary to give an International Classification of Diseases to EHS to get it accepted as EMF-related health problems. The increasing exposure to RF-EMF in schools is of great concern and needs better attention. Longer-term health effects are unknown. Parents, teachers, and school boards have the responsibility to protect children from unnecessary exposure.
Investigation of HP Turbine Blade Failure in a Military Turbofan Engine
Authors: Mishra R. K. , Thomas Johny , Srinivasan K. , Nandi Vaishakhi , Bhatt R. Raghavendra
Published: September 2015

Failure of a high pressure (HP) turbine blade in a military turbofan engine is investigated to determine the root cause of failure. Forensic and metallurgical investigations are carried out on the affected blades. The loss of coating and the presence of heavily oxidized intergranular fracture features including substrate material aging and airfoil curling in the trailing edge of a representative blade indicate that the coating is not providing adequate oxidation protection and the blade material substrate is not suitable for the application at hand. Coating spallation followed by substrate oxidation and aging leading to intergranular cracking and localized trailing edge curling is the root cause of the blade failure. The remaining portion of the blade fracture surface showed ductile overload features in the final failure. The damage observed in downstream components is due to secondary effects.
Proposal of a clinical response score and predictors of clinical response to 2 years of GH replacement therapy in adult GH deficiency
Authors: Schneider Harald J , Buchfelder Michael , Wallaschofski Henri , Luger Anton , Johannsson Gudmundur , Kann Peter H , Mattsson Anders
Published: September 2015

Objective

There is no single clinical marker to reliably assess the clinical response to growth hormone replacement therapy (GHRT) in adults with growth hormone deficiency (GHD). The objective of this study was to propose a clinical response score to GHRT in adult GHD and to establish clinical factors that predict clinical response.

Design

This was a prospective observational cohort study from the international KIMS database (Pfizer International Metabolic Database).

Methods

We included 3612 adult patients with GHD for proposing the response score and 844 patients for assessing predictors of response. We propose a clinical response score based on changes in total cholesterol, waist circumference and QoL-AGHDA quality of life measurements after 2 years of GHRT. A score point was added for each quintile of change in each variable, resulting in a sum score ranging from 3 to 15. For clinical response at 2 years, we analysed predictors at baseline and after 6 months using logistic regression analyses.

Results

In a baseline prediction model, IGF1, QoL-AGHDA, total cholesterol and waist circumference predicted response, with worse baseline parameters being associated with a favourable response (AUC 0.736). In a combined baseline and 6-month prediction model, baseline QoL-AGHDA, total cholesterol and waist circumference, and 6-month change in waist circumference were significant predictors of response (AUC 0.815).

Conclusions

A simple clinical response score might be helpful in evaluating the success of GHRT. The baseline prediction model may aid in the decision to initiate GHRT and the combined prediction model may be helpful in the decision to continue GHRT.
Are Pediatricians Complicit in Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding?
Authors: Weddle Melissa , Empey Allison , Crossen Eric , Green Aaron , Green Joy , Phillipi Carrie A.
Published: September 2015

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all newborns receive a single dose of intramuscular vitamin K to prevent vitamin K deficiency bleeding. How should the clinician respond when parents decline vitamin K? Although vitamin K deficiency bleeding can have devastating sequelae, they are uncommon; therefore, parents are generally allowed to decline vitamin K after counseling is provided. When parents ask for a vitamin K preparation of unproven effectiveness, should the clinician honor that request? To address these questions, we present a case of a healthy newborn whose parents declined intramuscular vitamin K and requested an oral preparation. Two general pediatricians discuss the medical and ethical issues these situations pose, and the parents describe their experience.
Effects of Genotype and Sleep on Temperament
Authors: Bouvette-Turcot Andrée-Anne , Pluess Michael , Bernier Annie , Pennestri Marie-Hélène , Levitan Robert , Sokolowski Marla B. , Kennedy James L. , Minde Klaus , Steiner Meir , Pokhvisneva Irina , Meaney Michael J. , Gaudreau Hélène
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Sleep problems are frequent in young children; however, children vary in the degree to which they are affected by poor sleep quality. We investigated whether a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene, which is linked to emotional function, is a potential moderator of the influences of sleep duration on infant temperament using longitudinal data.

METHODS:

We examined the interactive effects of average sleep duration between 6 and 36 months of age and the 5-HTTLPR genotype on negative emotionality/behavioral dysregulation at 36 months in 209 children recruited into a longitudinal birth cohort study. Triallelic genotyping of 5-HTTLPR was performed by looking at SLC6A4 genotype, focusing on the serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) including the SNP polymorphism (rs23351). Child sleep habits were assessed with a maternal self-report questionnaire.

RESULTS:

After controlling for demographics and both previous and concurrent maternal depression, multiple linear regression analyses revealed a significant interaction effect of average sleep duration for the first 3 years of life and 5-HTTLPR genotype on child negative emotionality/behavioral dysregulation such that the effects were exclusive to those with low-expressing 5-HTTLPR genotypes.

CONCLUSIONS:

The results suggest differential susceptibility to the effect of sleep duration early in life, which reiterates that the short allele of the 5-HTTLPR represents a marker of increased environmental sensitivity regarding emotional development. Differential susceptibility theory posits that certain factors may increase an individual’s susceptibility to the environment, in either a positive or negative fashion.
A 6-Year-Old With Leg Cramps
Authors: Jenssen Brian P. , Lautz Andrew J. , Orthmann-Murphy Jennifer L. , Yum Sabrina W. , Waanders Angela , Fox Elizabeth
Published: September 2015

A 6-year-old girl presented with a history of leg pain and cramping that progressively worsened over a 2- to 3-week period of time. Her examination was notable for normal vital signs, limited range of motion of her left hip, and a limp. Inflammatory markers were slightly elevated, but the serum electrolytes, calcium, and magnesium, complete blood cell count and differential, and creatine kinase level were normal. She was hospitalized for further diagnostic evaluation and was noted to have abnormal muscle movements classified as myokymia (continuous involuntary quivering, rippling, or undulating movement of muscles). Electromyography confirmed the myokymia but did not reveal evidence of a myopathy or neuropathy, prompting additional evaluation for a systemic etiology.
Оформление новой профессии тьютора в российском образовании
Authors: Kovaleva Tatiana
Published: September 2015

Анализируются современные вызовы российскому образованию и исторические предпосылки, которые сделали возможным сегодня оформление профессии тьютора в российском образовании. Предложена ресурсная схема общего тьюторского действия. Обсуждаются основные формы тьюторского сопровождения образования, нормативно-правовое оформление тьюторской деятельности на примере школы.
OPC UA in practical applications
Authors: Schulz Dirk , Braun Roland , Schmitt Johannes
Published: September 2015

Seine Leistungsfähigkeit und Vielseitigkeit hat OPC UA (IEC 62541) mit dem Field Device Integration Standard (FDI) bewiesen [16]. Das Einführen eines neuen Standards in eine etablierte Basis von Produkten und Systemen erfordert allerdings wirtschaftliche Betrachtungen hinsichtlich Entwicklungsaufwand und Ressourcenverbrauch in den Produkten. Im Idealfall soll eine neue Technik vielseitig einsetzbar, aber dennoch zeiteffizient zu entwickeln und kostengünstig ausrollbar sein. In diesem Beitrag werden die Erfahrungen aus fünf Jahren Implementierung von OPC-UA-Clients, -Servern und -Gateways in Automatisierungsdomänen vorgestellt. Im Kontext von Machbarkeitsstudien in der Forschung war die Reduktion des Entwicklungsaufwands stets von höchster Priorität. Aus den gewonnenen praktischen Erfahrungen schließen die Autoren, dass sich die Vorteile von OPC UA mit niedrigem Implementierungsaufwand und Ressourcenverbrauch in Servern nutzen lassen. Insbesondere wird der Einsatz in eingebetteten Anwendungen möglich, und OPC UA wird insgesamt zur idealen Basistechnik für das industrielle Internet der Dinge [4,5,8].
Spiritual Quotient and Ethical Values towards Organizational Sustainability
Authors: Akhtar Sohail , bin Arshad Mohd Anuar , Mahmood Arshad , Ahmed Adeel
Published: September 2015

During the last decade, many organizations were collapsed and had damage their organizational sustainability reason being severe ethical crisis. One of the main reasons affecting organizational sustainability is unethical behavior in the organization. Therefore, the question arises, how this grave issue of unethical behavior of employees can be solved? This paper seeks to assess if spiritual quotient (Here after SQ) is a solution to the unethical behavior of employees and how this SQ along with ethical values can contribute towards organizational sustainability. The paper concludes that SQ is the ultimate intelligence with which people address and solve the problems associated with meaning and value. It is the intelligence that has the force to help people use their actions and lives in a wider, richer and meaning-giving context. Moreover, promoting the ethical values, most of the organizations focus on ethics training programs aimed at increasing employee’s ethical behavior in organization. Thus, the paper finally suggests that employee unethical behavior in an organization can be solved through SQ and ethical values in organization.
Representation of the Orient in Pasolini’s Arabian Nights
Authors: Roozbeh Koohshahee Roohollah , Anushirvani Alireza
Published: September 2015

This article aims at studying the representation of the Orient in Pasolini’s film Arabian Nights(1974). Since this film is a faithful adaptation of Thousand and One Nights it will be examined as carrying the same ideology which the text carries. The text of Thousand and One Nights established and legitimized orientalism in the west. Thus the movie follows suit in institutionalizing Orientalism. This is obtained by a close watching analysis and by looking at the images of the Orient, the plot itself, potential stylistic features which expresses images or attitudes in this regard. Our hypothesis is that the Orient in this movie is portrayed in accordance with notions of representation of the Other being depicted as, amongst other aspects, exotic, sexual, erotic and as a homogenous mass. Pasolini portrays Oriental men and woman as bodies in the duality of mind and body, and portrays them as a homogenous mass this is merely due to their belonging to a particular culture or race. The film represents the Oriental men and women as having a defining interest in sex and eroticism. It displays an exoticising Western view of the Oriental culture.
A Critical Revisiting of Robert Frost’s “Neither Out Far Nor In Deep’’
Authors: Moqari Shaqayeq
Published: September 2015

This article is going to revisit the poem of Robert Frost entitled Neither Out Nor In Deep”. The poem is open to and invites multiple interpretations. One of the element of the poem is sea which comprises a major symbol of the poem. The poem can be interpreted symbolically, philosophically, socially and politically. I will explore the themes of search and quest, the theme of life, consciousness, and existence, the theme of foolishness and folly, and the theme of Inertia. The poem will also be compared with other poems including “Stopping by the woods” by Frost himself, “Inlet Corson” by Ammons, ‘Star’ by Housman and ‘Dry Salvages’ by T. S. Eliot.
Instinct or Society? A Rouseauist Analysis of Corruption in William Golding’s Lord of the Flies
Authors: Al-Zamili Adnan
Published: September 2015

The present study argues that William Golding’s Lord of the Flies can be read as a manifest for the natural degeneration of human beings, and that human beings are violent and competent by nature. In doing so, the present article, firstly, draws upon the Hobbesian philosophy of human nature and how it is in conflict with the related ideas of Rousseau. The article, then, analyzes certain elements of the novel so as to show the Hobbesian ideas behind the novel where there is a society of children and the upcoming relations of power and individual desires. The article afterwards argues that human nature, against what the author declares in the Hot Gates (1965) as the degenerated human nature, is not naturally degenerating, but through society this savagery of human being takes place. Ideas of Rousseau are then used thereupon for backing this very argument. Golding’s novel launces attack on Rousseau’s ideas that society is the agent of corruption in beings.
Constructive Power and Discordant Discourses in Shakespeare’s Antony and Cleopatra
Authors: Mohamadi Abolfazl
Published: September 2015

The present paper aims to focus on how the circuit of different discourses in Alexandria and Rome contributes to the subject formation in Antony and Cleopatra. Identity, which acts as trap in this play, precipitates the characters from two different countries or contexts into a war through creating binarized categories with heterogeneous possibilities. Mark Antony – one of the Triumvirs of Rome in search for self-actualization strives against his country’s discourse in the beginning, he places himself in the warring discourses of Rome and Alexandria. When in Alexandria, he is inside the discourses of Rome, and when in Rome, he is inside the discourses of Alexandria. Like the nature of the signifier as it can happen and be determined by other contexts, Antony retains references to Rome when he is Alexandria, and establishes himself as a subject and makes his signification possible in this foreign country by relating himself to epicurean concepts other than his own former stoic attitudes. Thus, mark of the past element remains in him. Through discourse analysis, this study aims to analyze how the loop of self-hood is firmly tied by the signifiers, and how power, which is not solely negative and repressive, but positive and productive, shapes Antony’s capricious personality as he both challenges and is challenged by power. In the end it is revealed that Mark Anthony refashions his identity and perspective by admitting and embracing multiplicity between Rome’s stoicism and Alexandria’s Epicureanism.
Interlocking Factor Market in Agrarian Economy of Sri Lanka
Authors: Ahamed Lebbe S.M.
Published: September 2015

Informal credit market plays a crucial role in the rural sector in developing countries. Prices of goods and services, in general, in the competitive markets are determined by the market forces but, prices of factors of production in agrarian economy are interlinked, thus reward of land, labour and credit also are determined by the interlockers.. An interlinked transaction is one in which the parties trade in at least two markets on the condition that the terms of all trade between them are jointly determined (Bell and Srinivasan, 1989). Agriculture sector is the foremost economic activity in Sri Lanka. Nearly 70 percent of total population living in rural areas depends completely or partially on agriculture sector. The main objective of the study is to examine the incidence of different types of linkages prevalent in the developed and backward villages among paddy farming households in Sammanthurai Divisional Secretariat area of Ampara district in Sri Lanka. This study is based on primary data and the data related to the year 2011-2012 (2011 Yala and 2011-2012 Maha). According to the results 95 per cent of the households in backward villages and 65 per cent of households in developed villages are involved in interlinked credit transactions, Hence, the result exhibits that interlinked credit transaction is higher in backward villages than that of developed villages. The results further reveal that Cash-to-Labour and Kind-to-Labour transactions in developed villages are allowed free of charge. Kind-Cash and Input-to-Output transactions are completely seen in the backward villages. Input-to-Output market link which is foremost in the backward villages and it is found to be exploitative to the paddy farmers.
Comparing the Self-Control and Behavioral Problems of Girls in Employed and Unemployed Mothers
Authors: Babanezhad Fahimeh
Published: September 2015

This research aims to compare styles of self-control and behavioral problems of girls in employed and unemployed mothers. In this research that was done using casual-comparison method (after events) 100 employed mothers and 100 unemployed ones of girls of elementary schools in district 4 of Tehran were selected as the sample based on cluster-random method. Self-control questionnaire (Allahverdipour et al., 2005) and children’s behavioral problem questionnaire (parental form, 1994) were used for information collection that was previously normalized in studies conducted in Iran and its validity has been confirmed. In this research, reliability of the questionnaire was assessed through Cronbach alpha and was confirmed with a high reliability of 0.80. The t-test was used to test the hypotheses. The results showed that the average of self-control in employed mothers is significantly more than that in unemployed mothers. Also, the results showed that there is a statistically significant difference between girls of employed and unemployed women in hyperactivity and aggression, anxiety and depression, disorder, and lack of attention. This research confirms that employment of women results in enhancement of behavioral disorder among children. It is suggested that policy makers and planners in the country must pay attention to this point.
The Specific of the Concept of Truth in the Scripture
Authors: Faraoanu Iulian
Published: September 2015

The theme of this work is represented by the truth’s concept in the Bible. By means of the pages of the Sacred Scripture, God, Truth par excellence, conveys the truth on him and on his plan of salvation. The theme on the truth in the Bible has been debated starting from the age of Enlightenment. Even nowadays, people are trying to identify solutions to the sensitive issues of historical accuracy and truth. The following pages are aimed at presenting certain aspects on the theme represented by the truth in the Bible, as well as the solutions to find such truth. Following a series of general aspects, the indications in Dei Verbum, we focus on the example of truth as reflected in the Gospel. The work ends with conclusions and the presentation of the way to identify the truth God wants to convey to us.
“Honour” Killings in Europe as an Effect of Migration Process - Perspective for Poland
Authors: Sadowa Katarzyna
Published: September 2015

In this paper the author analyses the phenomenon of so-called honour killings as an actual problem of European countries. The author shows that the issue is present in Europe as the result of immigration process and simultaneity is far from resolving. Moreover, while there is a great risk of its’ increase, the proper combating measures are needed. As the author comes from Poland, the main aim of the publication is to stress that the problem of “honour” killings and wider -“honour” based violence is a growing threat to this country. Therefore, adequate strategy preventing the issue should be prepare now.Firstly, the author shortly characterizes the issue by providing proper definition and demonstrates its scale. The of the actual problem of “honour” killings in Europe is described especially by analysing the causal link between the immigration process and honour based violence. The second part of the publication contains the analysis of United Kingdom’s strategy for fighting against “honour” based acts and its evaluation as an example of well-developed preventing measures. Finally, the author examines the recent Polish cases of “honour” killings and shows the risk of their growing impact on Polish society and law that justifies taking immediate steps (creating adequate strategy) to deter the increase of the problem.
MOCIDADE AJUIZADA: HISTÓRIA E FUNÇÃO LITERÁRIA NO TEATRO REALISTA DE ALENCAR * EARNEST YOUTH: HISTORY AND LITERARY FUNCTION IN ALENCAR’S REALIST PLAYS
Authors: Cerqueira Rodrigo Soares de
Published: September 2015

Resumo: O artigo analisa a mudança da função literária do raisonneur sob um ponto de vista histórico. Metodologicamente, esse trabalho está assentado nas premissas desenvolvidas por Franco Moretti, para quem forma literária é a maneira segundo a qual a ficção lida com contradições históricas reais. Nesse sentido, defende-se que a mudança na caracterização do raisonneur no teatro realista de José de Alencar, que se torna mais jovem e urbanizado, busca apaziguar as ansiedades de uma vertente tradicional e agrária do conservadorismo brasileiro frente às transformações modernizantes das formas de vida em meados do século XIX.

Palavras-chave: José de Alencar; Joaquim Manuel de Macedo; forma literária; conservadorismo

Abstract: This article investigates the change of the raisonneur literary function under a historical point of view. Methodologically, it is based on the premise developed by Franco Moretti, to whom literary form is the way by which fiction deals with actual historical contradictions. Thus, the aim is to show that new raisonneur created by José de Alencar in his realist plays, a young and urban one, seeks to appease the anxiety of a more traditional and agrarian branch of Brazilian conservatism, that was dealing with the transformations of the forms of life in the middle of nineteenth century.

Keywords: José de Alencar; Joaquim Manuel de Macedo; literary form; conservatism
APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Narita Felipe Ziotti , Cunha Marcus Vinicius , Silva Tatiane
Published: September 2015

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MEMÓRIA, CULTURA HISTÓRICA E ENSINO DE HISTÓRIA * MEMORY, HISTORICAL CULTURE, AND THE TEACHING OF HISTORY IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD
Authors: Abreu Marcelo , Rangel Marcelo
Published: September 2015

Resumo: Procuramos pensar as relações entre memória, cultura histó rica e ensino de história no mundo contemporâneo. Discutimos, primeiramente, as análises do próprio mundo contemporâneo desenvolvidas por Jörn Rüsen, Christian Laville, François Hartog e Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht. Descrevemos, portanto, o horizonte histórico no interior do qual o ensino de história, como parte da cultura histórica, é desafiado a responder a demandas diversas tais como a tensão democratização/etnocentrismo e a relação sentido/presença na produção dos enunciados e orientação históricos.

Palavras-chave: Memória; Cultura histórica; Ensino de história

Abstract: We try to think the relationship between memory, historical cultures, and history teaching in the contemporary world. We discuss, first, the analysis of the contemporary world developed by Jörn Rüsen Christian Laville, François Hartog, and Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht. Therefore, we describe the historical horizon within which the teaching of history, as part of historical culture, is challenged to answer several historical demands, such as the tension democratization/ethnocentrism and the relationship meaning/presence in production of historical statements and orientation.

Keywords: Memory; Historical culture; Teaching of History.
FERNANDO DO Ó E A EDUCAÇÃO: CONEXÕES COM O CAMPO RELIGIOSO DE SANTA MARIA * FERNANDO DO Ó AND EDUCACITION: CONNECTION WITH THE RELIGIOUS FIELD OF SANTA MARIA
Authors: Mattos Renan
Published: September 2015

Resumo: O campo educacional foi considerado como primordial nas disputas religiosas e filosóficas do final do século XIX e meados do século XX. Partindo dos conceitos de campo religioso e campo intelectual de Pierre Bourdieu, temos por tema de pesquisa a trajetória de Fernando do Ó e sua relação com o movimento espírita . Nesse sentido, o presente artigo analisa a proposta educacional de Fernando do Ó veiculada no jornal Diário do Interior no recorte de 1930 a 1940. Entende-se que tais posicionamentos permitem refletir tanto suas interpretações da sociedade quanto as concorrências existentes em tal contexto social.

Palavras-chave: Educação; Espiritismo; Santa Maria; Era Vargas.

Abstract: The educational field was considered paramount in religious and philosophical disputes of the late nineteenth and mid -twentieth century. Based on the concepts of the religious field and field of intellectual Pierre Bourdieu, we analyze topics for the trajectory of Fernando do Ó and his relationship with the spiritualist movement . In this sense, this paper analyzes the educational proposal of Fernando do Ó conveyed in the newspaper Diário do Interior cutout in 1930-1940. It is understood that such placements allow reflect both their interpretations of society as existing in such competitions social context.

Keywords: Education; Spiritism; Santa Maria; Era Vargas. 
Parasites destabilize host populations by shifting stage‐structured interactions
Authors: Hite Jessica L. , Penczykowski Rachel M. , Shocket Marta S. , Strauss Alexander T. , Orlando Paul A. , Duffy Meghan A. , Cáceres Carla E. , Hall Spencer R.
Published: September 2015

Should parasites stabilize or destabilize consumer–resource dynamics? Recent theory suggests that parasite‐enhanced mortality may confer underappreciated stability to their hosts. We tested this hypothesis using disease in zooplankton. Across both natural and experimental epidemics, bigger epidemics correlated with larger—not smaller—host fluctuations. Thus, we tested two mechanistic hypotheses to explain destabilization or apparent destabilization by parasites. First, enrichment could, in principle, simultaneously enhance both instability and disease prevalence. In natural epidemics, destabilization was correlated with enrichment (indexed by total phosphorous). However, an in situ (lake enclosure) experiment did not support these links. Instead, field and experimental results point to a novel destabilizing mechanism involving host stage structure. Epidemics pushed hosts from relatively more stable host dynamics with less‐synchronized juveniles and adults to less stable dynamics with more‐synchronized juveniles and adults. Our results demonstrate how links between host stage structure and disease can shape host/consumer–resource stability.
Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior to Explain Women’s Role in Prostate Cancer Screening
Authors: Sarra Luca Di , Ghezzi Valerio , Eastland Taryn Yolanda , Antonini Francesca , Scialò Gennaro , Zega Maurizio , Alvaro Rosaria
Published: September 2015

Objective:To test the suitability of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) for explaining Italian women’s role in prostatic cancer screening promotion.Design/Methods:A descriptive, cross-sectional, online self-report survey was conducted with a convenience sample of 235 Italian women. Variables included attitudes women’s role, perceived behavioral control, subjective norm, behavioral intention, and prostate cancer screening promotion behavior. A survey composed of the Eastland Prostate Cancer Survey subscales that were consistent with the TPB was distributed via e-mail to potential participants. The survey was live for 12 weeks (March 2013 to May 2013). Responses were collated with eSurv.org. Data were analyzed using latent path analysis and structural equation modeling.Results:Behavioral intentions in promoting prostate cancer screening significantly predicted the likelihood of the Italian women to adopt self-reported prostate cancer screening promotion behaviors. In addition, the exclusive direct impact of the intentions explained 39% of the variance in self-reported behaviors.Conclusions:The TPB could represent a good framework to explain the role of Italian women in prevention behaviors related to the prostatic screening domain. Consistent with literature findings in social and nursing sciences, the intention to promote prostate cancer screening was a powerful “predictor” of the behavior itself.
Job Satisfaction of Nurses and Its Moderating Effects on the Relationship Between Organizational Commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors
Authors: Lin Chia-Tzu , Chang Ching-Sheng
Published: September 2015

Because nurses deliver care to patients on behalf of hospitals, hospitals should enhance the spontaneous organizational citizenship behaviors of front-line nurses to increase patient satisfaction and, hence, to increase the competitiveness of the hospital. However, a major gap in the literature is the lack of evidence-based studies of the correlations among job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and organizational citizenship behaviors in nursing personnel. Therefore, this study performed a cross-sectional survey of nurses in 1 large hospital in Taiwan; out of 400 questionnaires distributed, 386 valid questionnaires were collected, which was a valid response rate of 96.50%. The survey results revealed that organizational commitment has a significant positive effect on organizational citizenship behaviors (γ11 = 0.57, p < .01) and that job satisfaction has a significant positive moderating effect on the relationship between organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behaviors (Δχ2 = 26.397, p < .01). Therefore, hospitals can improve the job satisfaction of their nursing staff by improving perceived working satisfaction, interpersonal satisfaction, and remunerative satisfaction, which would then improve organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behaviors.