bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Symmetric Modeling of Diversification Strategy and Organizational Structure on Financial Performance: Evidence from China
Authors: Cao Jianwei , Wu Cisheng , Tetteh Stephen , Guang Hui , Miao Gendi
Published: January 2021

Diversification is a strategy adopted by many enterprises in the process of expansion. The success of the diversification of an enterprise mainly depends on the choice and implement of strategy; choosing an organizational structure that fits the type of diversification strategy used is fundamental to improving financial performance. Based on the empirical research method, this study establishes a symmetric model of diversification strategy and organizational structure on financial performance and selects data from 613 A-share-listed companies in China, from 2012 to 2016, to test the impacts of unrelated and related diversification strategies on financial performance, as well as the moderating effects of united company, holding company, and multidivisional structures on such relationships. The results show that there is asymmetry between the diversification strategy adopted and financial performance, and a related diversification strategy should be adopted as a priority; the symmetry of an unrelated diversification strategy and holding company structure on financial performance is partially confirmed, and other elements should be adopted, simultaneously, to improve this symmetry; a related diversification strategy and multidivisional structure on financial performance is symmetric. The above findings will provide references for the diversification strategy choice and the organizational structure design of enterprises.
Resonance in Chirogenesis and Photochirogenesis: Colloidal Polymers Meet Chiral Optofluidics
Authors: Fujiki Michiya
Published: January 2021

Metastable colloids made of crystalline and/or non-crystalline matters render abilities of photonic resonators susceptible to chiral chemical and circularly polarized light sources. By assuming that μm-size colloids and co-colloids consisting of π- and/or σ-conjugated polymers dispersed into an optofluidic medium are artificial models of open-flow, non-equilibrium coacervates, we showcase experimentally resonance effects in chirogenesis and photochirogenesis, revealed by gigantic boosted chiroptical signals as circular dichroism (CD), optical rotation dispersion, circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), and CPL excitation (CPLE) spectral datasets. The resonance in chirogenesis occurs at very specific refractive indices (RIs) of the surrounding medium. The chirogenesis is susceptible to the nature of the optically active optofluidic medium. Moreover, upon an excitation-wavelength-dependent circularly polarized (CP) light source, a fully controlled absolute photochirogenesis, which includes all chiroptical generation, inversion, erase, switching, and short-/long-lived memories, is possible when the colloidal non-photochromic and photochromic polymers are dispersed in an achiral optofluidic medium with a tuned RI. The hand of the CP light source is not a determining factor for the product chirality. These results are associated with my experience concerning amphiphilic polymerizable colloids, in which, four decades ago, allowed proposing a perspective that colloids are connectable to light, polymers, helix, coacervates, and panspermia hypotheses, nuclear physics, biology, radioisotopes, homochirality question, first life, and cosmology.
Compliance to Screening Protocols for Multidrug-Resistant Microorganisms at the Emergency Departments of Two Academic Hospitals in the Dutch–German Cross-Border Region
Authors: Gunnink Lisa B. , Arouri Donia J. , Jolink Floris E.J. , Lokate Mariëtte , de Jonge Klaas , Kampmeier Stefanie , Kreis Carolin , Raschke Michael , Kleinjan Mirjam , ter Maaten Jan C. , Friedrich Alex W. , Bathoorn Erik , Glasner Corinna
Published: January 2021

Infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are associated with prolonged hospitalization and higher risk of mortality. Patients arriving in the hospital via the emergency department (ED) are screened for the presence of MDROs in compliance with the screening protocols in order to apply the correct isolation measures. In the Dutch–German border region, local hospitals apply their own screening protocols which are based upon national screening protocols. The contents of the national and local MDRO screening protocols were compared on vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and carbapenemase-producing and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CPE/CRE). The practicality of the screening protocols was evaluated by performing an audit. As a result, the content of the MDRO screening protocols differed regarding risk factors for MDRO carriage, swab site, personal protective equipment, and isolation measures. The observations and questionnaires showed that the practicality was sufficient; however, the responsibility was not designated clearly and education regarding the screening protocols was deemed inappropriate. The differences between the MDRO screening protocols complicate patient care in the Dutch–German border region. Arrangements have to be made about the responsibility of the MDRO screening, and improvements are necessary concerning education regarding the MDRO screening protocols.
Anti-BRST in the Causal Approach
Authors: Grigore Dan-Radu
Published: January 2021

It is known that the elimination of anomalies in all orders of perturbation theory is an open problem. The constraints given by usual invariance properties and the Wess–Zumino identities are not enough to eliminate the anomalies in the general case of a Yang–Mills theory. So, any new symmetry of the model could restrict further the anomalies and be a solution of the problem. We consider the anti-BRST transform of Ojima in the causal approach and investigate if such new restrictions are obtained. Unfortunately, the result is negative: if we have BRST invariance up to the second order of perturbation theory, we also have anti-BRST invariance up to the same order. Probably, this result is true in all orders of perturbation theory. So, anti-BRST transform gives nothing new, and we have to find other ideas to restrict and eventually eliminate the anomalies for a general Yang–Mills theory.
Phage Display Technology as a Powerful Platform for Antibody Drug Discovery
Authors: Nagano Kazuya , Tsutsumi Yasuo
Published: January 2021

Antibody drugs with a high affinity and specificity are effective and safe for intractable diseases, such as cancers and autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, they have played a central role in drug discovery, currently accounting for eight of the top 20 pharmaceutical products worldwide by sales. Forty years ago, clinical trials on antibody drugs that were thought to be a magic bullet failed, partly due to the immunogenicity of monoclonal antibodies produced in mice. The recent breakthrough in antibody drugs is largely because of the contribution of phage display technology. Here, we reviewed the importance of phage display technology as a powerful platform for antibody drug discovery from various perspectives, such as the development of human monoclonal antibodies, affinity enhancement of monoclonal antibodies, and the identification of therapeutic targets for antibody drugs.
Acknowledgment to Reviewers of Vaccines in 2020
Authors:   Vaccines Editorial Office
Published: January 2021

Peer review is the driving force of journal development, and reviewers are gatekeepers who ensure that Vaccines maintains its standards for the high quality of its published papers [...]
OvHV-2 Glycoprotein B Delivered by a Recombinant BoHV-4 Is Immunogenic and Induces Partial Protection against Sheep-Associated Malignant Catarrhal Fever in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Shringi Smriti , O’Toole Donal , Cole Emily , Baker Katherine N. , White Stephen N. , Donofrio Gaetano , Li Hong , Cunha Cristina W.
Published: January 2021

An efficacious vaccine for sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF) is important for the livestock industry. Research towards SA-MCF vaccine development is hindered by the absence of culture systems to propagate the causative agent, ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2), which means its genome cannot be experimentally modified to generate an attenuated vaccine strain. Alternative approaches for vaccine development are needed to deliver OvHV-2 antigens. Bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) has been evaluated as a vaccine vector for several viral antigens with promising results. In this study, we genetically engineered BoHV-4 to express OvHV-2 glycoprotein B (gB) and evaluated its efficacy as an SA-MCF vaccine using a rabbit model. The construction of a viable recombinant virus (BoHV-4-AΔTK-OvHV-2-gB) and confirmation of OvHV-2 gB expression were performed in vitro. The immunization of rabbits with BoHV-4-AΔTK-OvHV-2-gB elicited strong humoral responses to OvHV-2 gB, including neutralizing antibodies. Following intra-nasal challenge with a lethal dose of OvHV-2, 42.9% of the OvHV-2 gB vaccinated rabbits were protected against SA-MCF, while all rabbits in the mock-vaccinated group succumbed to SA-MCF. Overall, OvHV-2 gB delivered by the recombinant BoHV-4 was immunogenic and partly protective against SA-MCF in rabbits. These are promising results towards an SA-MCF vaccine; however, improvements are needed to increase protection rates.
Temporal Temperature Distribution in Shallow Sediments of a Large Shallow Lake and Estimated Hyporheic Flux Using VFLUX 2 Model
Authors: Li Yong , Li Na , Feng Jiacheng , Qian Jianing , Shan Yajie
Published: January 2021

Identifying and quantifying exchange flux across sediment-water interface is crucial when considering water and nutrient contributions to a eutrophic lake. In this study, observed temporal temperature distributions in shallow sediment of Lake Taihu (Eastern China) based on three-depth sensors at 14 sites throughout 2016 were used to assess temporal water exchange patterns. Results show that temporal temperature in shallow sediments differed with sampling sites and depths and the temperature amplitudes also clearly shrunk as the offshore distance increasing. Exchange fluxes estimated using the VFLUX 2 model based on temperature amplitude show that alternating-direction temporal flow exists in the eastern zone of Lake Taihu with averages of −13.0, −0.6, and 3.4 mm day−1 (negative represents discharging into the lake) at three nearshore sites (0.5, 2.0, and 6.0 km away from the shoreline, respectively). Whereas downwelling flow occurred throughout almost the entire year with averages of 37.7, 23.5, and 6.6 mm day−1 at the three southern nearshore sites, respectively. However, upwelling flow occurred throughout almost the entire year and varied widely in the western zone with averages of −74.8, 45.9, and −27.0 mm day–1 and in the northern zone with averages of −76.2, −55.3, and −51.1 mm day−1. The estimated fluxes in the central zone were relatively low and varied slightly during the entire year (−15.1 to 22.5 mm day−1 with an average of −0.7 mm day−1). Compared with the sub sensor pair (at 5 and 10 cm), the estimated hyporheic fluxes based on the top sensor pair (at 0 and 5 cm) varied within wider ranges and exhibited relatively larger values. Effects of upwelling flow at the western and northern zones need to be paid attention to on nearshore water quality particularly during winter and spring seasons. Estimated flow patterns at the four zones summarily reflect the seasonal water interaction near the sediment surface of Lake Taihu and are beneficial to improve its comprehensive management. Thermal dispersivity usually used for estimating the thermal diffusivity is more sensitive for upward hyporheic flux estimating even if with a low flux. Temperature amplitude ratio method can be used to estimate the exchange flux and suitable for low flux conditions (either upwelling or downwelling). A better evaluation of the exchange flux near inclined nearshore zones might need an optimized installation of temperature sensors along with the potential flow path and/or a vertical two-dimensional model in the future.
DAIRY GOAT BREEDING IN RUSSIA AND ITS BREEDING BASE
Authors: ГРИГОРЯН Л.Н. , ХАТАТАЕВ С.А. , НОВОПАШИНА С.И. , ХМЕЛЕВСКАЯ Г.Н. , СТЕПАНОВА Н.Г.
Published: January 2021

Изучено состояние молочного козоводства в РФ. На начало 2020 года в сельскохозяйственных организациях России числилось 36 тыс. коз молочных пород, среди которых доля животных зааненской породы составила 82,8%, альпийской — 14,5%, мурсиано гранадина — 1,3%, нубиан — 0,9%. Удой на 1 козоматку за 305 дней лактации составил в целом по зааненской породе 654 кг, в том числе в племенных организациях — 659 кг; по альпийской породе в подконтрольных организациях — 662 кг; нубиан — 832 кг. Козоматки зааненской породы племенных организаций превосходили минимальные требования к удою молока, предъявляемые к козам желательного типа по 1-й лактации на 6,3%, по 2 — на 18,2%, 3 и старше — на 23,1%. Превышение аналогичных требований к удою у коз альпийской породы 1, 2, 3 лактации и старше составило 20,9, 37,1 и 22,9%, соответственно. Удои коз от 1 до 3 лактации и старше существенно повышались: зааненской породы — на 65,5%, альпийской — на 45,2%. Высокие показатели молочной продуктивности достигнуты по зааненской породе в племзаводах АО ПЗ «Красноозерное» и ЗАО «ПЗ Приневское Ленинградской области (удой равен 846 и 838 кг молока), в племрепродукторах ООО «Березка» Курской области (852 кг), ООО «КХ «Русь-1»  Ставропольского края (825 кг), ООО СП «Лукоз» Республики Мари

Progress in dairy goat breeding in Russia is studied. At the beginning of 2020 there were 36000 goats of dairy breeds on Russian farms. Proportion of Zaannensky breed is 82,8%, Alpine — 14,5%, Mursiana Granadina — 1,3%, Nubian — 0,9%. Yield per 1 female goat for 305 days of lactation  is as follows: Zaannensky breed 654 kg, in cluding pedigree farms — 659 kg; Alpine breed on controlled farms — 662 kg; Nubian — 832 kg. Female goats of Zaannensky breed on pedigree farms surpass the minimum requirements to milk yield which are applied to goats of the desired type for the 1st lactation by 6,3%, for the 2nd — by 18,2%, for the 3d and older —by 23,1%. Surpass of the analogous requirements to yield of the Alpine goats of the 1, 2, 3 and older is 20,9, 37,1 and 22,9%. Yields of goats from the 1st to 3d and older lactations essentially raised: Zaannensky breed — by 65,5%, Alpine breed — by 45,2%. High merits of dairy productivity are achieved in Leningrad region on pedigree farms where they have Zaannensky breed (846—838 kg), on multiplying farms in Kursk region (852 kg), Stavropol region (825 kg), in Mari El Republic (767 kg); Alpine breed in Leningrad region (754 kg), in Moscow region (696 kg).
Phytosociological observations on tree species diversity of an urban tropical dry deciduous forest of central India
Authors: Dugaya Dharmendra , Kiran PV , Singh Rajnish Kumar , Kaur Manmeet , Chaudhry Pradeep
Published: January 2021

We analyzed phytosociological characteristics of a tropical dry deciduous forest located in an urban environment of Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM) Campus in the capital city of Bhopal of Madhya Pradesh state, Central India. A Comparison has been made among the tree community characteristics during the years 1988, 2002 and 2020 in terms of tree species composition, stem density, basal area and Importance Value Index (IVI). At the time of establishment of the institute in 1988, the forest area resembleda degraded dry scrubland. Due to continuous care/protection, plantation activities, degraded forest recovered remarkably, ecological processes evolved favorably with canopy cover reaching over 60% in some patches and about 50% in general over most part of the campus. During last two decades, tree density increased from 319 to 525 stem ha-1 indicating an increase of 64% whereas basal area increased from 18470.79 cm2 ha-1 to 29782.31 cm2 ha-1,an increase of about 61%. Leguminaceae family represented 26.4% of the tree community followed by Combretaceae (11.76%). Shannon-Weiner index (1.31), Simpson index (0.93) and evenness index (0.85) are within the reported ranges for similar forest type of dry deciduous nature in India. Theresults of the presentstudy will help forest managers in conservation planning of urban tropical forest ecosystem of central India.
Redes neurais artificiais e modelos alométricos aplicados para estimativa de volume e altura em Eucalyptus urophylla S.T.Blacke
Authors: Leal Fabrício Assis , Leal Glória da Silva Almeida , Silva Thaís Costa da
Published: January 2021

Redes neurais artificiais (RNA) destacam-se como ferramentas alternativas na modelagem florestal, com resultados muitas vezes superiores em relação aos métodos tradicionais de regressão. Este estudo objetivou avaliar se as estimativas de volume e altura, obtidas por redes neurais artificiais e modelos alométricos, são compatíveis ao método tradicional de cubagem rigorosa. Para obtenção dos dados foram cubadas, pelo método de Hohenadl, 394 árvores de Eucalyptus urophylla. Destas árvores, 70% foram utilizadas nos ajustes dos modelos hipsométricos, volumétricos e para treinamento da RNA e 30% fizeram parte da validação. Para selecionar as melhores equações e RNA observou-se as melhores estatísticas de ajuste e precisão. Estatisticamente, não houve diferença entre os dados da cubagem em campo e as estimativas, ao nível de 5% de significância. Tanto os modelos de regressão quanto as RNA apresentaram bons ajustes, no entanto, as RNA foram superiores em desempenho, pois apresentaram Syx de a 2% no treinamento e 2,5% na validação, para variável altura, e Syx de 6,5% no treinamento e 5,1% na validação, para o volume.
Smålommens Gavia stellata häckningsframgång i artens svenska kärnområde
Authors: Dahlén Börje , Eriksson Mats O G
Published: January 2021

We investigated the breeding success of a Red-throated Diver Gavia stellata population of approximately 70 pairs during ten seasons, 1991–2000, in a 1820 km2 study area, dominated by coniferous forests and mires in Malung, Dalarna in Central Sweden. The majority of the pairs bred in tarns smaller than 1.0 ha and foraged in larger freshwater lakes or rivers up to a distance of 4.6 km. Average breeding success was 0.76 “large” chicks per pair and year, with a declining trend over the study period accompanied by a decline in the proportion of broods with two “large” chicks. Breeding success was higher in seasons with an average early start of incubation and could be related to higher hatching success and survival of chicks. Predation during incubation was probably an important reason for breeding failures, and abandoning or change of breeding tarns were related to breeding failures. The annual variation of the percentage of broods with two “large” chicks was synchronised between pairs foraging at different fishing lakes, which indicates the influence of some large-scale regional factors linked to the availability of food. Chick survival in two-chicks broods was significantly lower than in one-chick broods. The declining trend in breeding success is an incitement for future monitoring, and any link to impaired foraging conditions needs to be more closely addressed.
Dynamiken i smålommens Gavia stellata val av häckningslokaler – övergivande, ny- och återetableringar
Authors: Eriksson Mats O G , Åhlund Matti
Published: January 2021

Red-throated Loons Gavia stellata have disappeared from breeding sites regularly used in the mid-1990s, but it is not clear if this reflects a population decline or movements to other sites. Therefore, we searched for potential breeding sites, including sites with old records, in three regions in southern Sweden, where it was possible to repeat surveys conducted in the past. A pattern of abandonment and return to breeding sites was verified; around 30% of the sites were abandoned over a 10-year period, but the loss was largely compensated by establishment at new sites or return to sites used in the past. But almost one quarter of the sites were used in about 75% of the breeding seasons across a period of more than 30 years. Annual breeding success at these sites did not differ from that at the other, less frequently used sites. However, the most continuously used sites produce a larger total of young than other sites and are therefore important for long-term recruitment. They should be identified and prioritised for protection and management.
Andra världskrigets ruinstäder och dess betydelse för svarta rödstjärtens Phoenicurus ochruros expansion i norra Europa
Authors: Andersson Reino
Published: January 2021

This is a literature review and synthesis of the fate of the Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros in northern Europe from the Second World War and onwards. Before the war the Black Redstart populations in the UK and Scandinavia were at a seemingly constant and low level. During and after the war the bombed cities in Central Europe offered optimal habitat for the Black Redstart. Areas with grass and weeds arose in damaged cities and created rich food supplies, large amounts of insects, and also suitable nesting sites in uninhabited and abandoned ruins and housing structures in city centres. The number of Black Redstarts increased dramatically in several bombed cities during and after the Second World War and a clear change took place in the species distribution in northern Europe. From central Europe there was a synchronous dispersion of Black Redstart to other regions in Europe, like Britain, Denmark and Sweden. The sudden growth and spreading of the Black Redstart population after the Second World War represents an interesting example of the importance of core sites for the distribution and growth rate of some bird species in peripheral populations.
Do tax administrative interventions targeted at small businesses improve tax compliance and revenue collection? Evidence from Ugandan administrative tax data
Authors: Jouste Maria , Nalukwago Milly I. , Waiswa Ronald
Published: January 2021

This paper conducts an impact evaluation of the effects of two tax administration interventions—a taxpayer register expansion and education programme, and a new electronic filing system for presumptive tax—on the number of small business taxpayers and presumptive tax revenues in Uganda. Using a difference-in-differences approach and administrative data covering both presumptive taxpayers and comparable small corporate income taxpayers, we find that the number of small business taxpayers filing tax returns and presumptive tax revenues increased substantially after the interventions. We argue that the interventions complement each other because both interventions were established around the same years, and the taxpayer register expansion programme focused on not only registering but also educating taxpayers with regard to tax compliance. We analyse the cost-effectiveness of the taxpayer register expansion programme and find that the benefits outweigh the costs.
Informality, labour transitions, and the livelihoods of workers in Latin America
Authors: Maurizio Roxana , Monsalvo Ana Paula
Published: January 2021

This paper studies the incidence and heterogeneity of labour informality in six Latin American countries—Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, and Peru. We divide workers into five work statuses: formal wage-employed, formal self-employed, upper-tier informal wage-employed, lower-tier informal wage-employed, and informal self-employed. We evaluate the patterns of the occupational turnover between these work statuses and assess their impact on wage dynamics. In all the countries, wages are highest for formal workers and lowest for lower-tier informal jobs. The proportion of formal workers who maintain their work status of origin or move up the job ladder is significantly higher than those who transition into lower-paying work statuses. However, despite the high labour turnover experienced by lower-tier informal wage employees, most failed to move up the wage ladder. Education plays an important role, as it increases the probability of transitioning into a better job and, within informality, the chance of better wages.
Arbitraje de emergencia: Aplicación de la Convención de Nueva York para ejecutar las decisiones sobre medidas cautelares
Authors: Loayza Orellana Scarlett Jaqueline
Published: January 2021

En el presente trabajo se analizará la viabilidad de aplicar la Convención de Nueva York de Reconocimiento y Ejecución de sentencias arbitrales extranjeras (en adelante la “Convención de Nueva York”) para ejecutar las medidas cautelares que emita el árbitro de emergencia, a fin de respetar los dos pilares fundamentales de tal instrumento internacional, por una parte, obligar a los Estados a reconocer los acuerdos arbitrales que, en este caso, contengan la actuación del árbitro de emergencia, y, por otra, obligar a los Estados a reconocer y ejecutar las decisiones arbitrales que en este caso den procedencia a la aplicación de las medidas cautelares. A tal fin, se realizará una interpretación teleológica con respecto al término sentencia arbitral, con el fin de que las decisiones que emita el árbitro de emergencia, (ya sea en forma de laudo, laudo provisional u orden) puedan gozar de la protección de la Convención de Nueva York.
A metáfora no ensino: uma análise de seu potencial como recurso pedagógico em videoaulas do Youtube
Authors: Schabarum John Richart , Chishman Rove Luiza de Oliveira
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo trata da ocorrência de metáforas conceptuais e de suas respectivas expressões metafóricas em videoaulas do YouTube, assim como apresenta avanços nas discussões e análises realizadas por Schabarum e Chishman (2020) nesse mesmo contexto. Nesse sentido, o objetivo geral do trabalho é averiguar o caráter pedagógico da emergência de metáforas em videoaulas. Para isso, tomamos como base os pressupostos teóricos de Cameron (1999, 2003) e Semino (2008). Do ponto de vista metodológico, esta pesquisa tem caráter qualitativo e conta, como corpus de pesquisa, com a transcrição de duas videoaulas de Biologia sobre sistema imunológico provenientes do YouTube. Foram adotados, como recursos metodológicos, um dicionário de termos de ciências biológicas e uma ferramenta de pesquisa em corpus eletrônico. Os resultados indicam que as metáforas conceptuais as expressões metafóricas por elas licenciadas são amplamente empregadas nas videoaulas analisadas e representam conceitos científicos com gradação e precisão distintas, já que as expressões metafóricas que representam nosso entendimento sobre  conceitos científicos podem ser classificadas como técnicas, subtécnicas ou constitutivas de teoria, conforme postula Cameron (2003). Essas metáforas e expressões metafóricas apresentam, contudo, um ponto em comum: funcionam como recurso pedagógico eficiente.
Redobramento, recursão e verbos de movimento em português
Authors: Kewitz Verena
Published: January 2021

Neste artigo apresento um dos padrões de representação do movimento em português, especificamente quando há redobramento da informação do percurso no verbo e em expressões preposicionadas ou adverbiais. Para tanto, retomo o conceito de redobramento sintático apresentado por Moraes de Castilho (2005, 2011), atrelado ao Princípio de Recursão da Abordagem Multissistêmica (CASTILHO 2015). Com base na Semântica Cognitiva, mais especificamente na proposta de Talmy (1985, 2000b), descrevo dados do português arcaico com alguns verbos de movimento (entrar, sair, subir etc.) em que se observa o redobramento da informação de percurso. Ao final, coloco algumas questões e encaminhamentos para pesquisas futuras.
A semântica do passado composto em português
Authors: Ilari Rodolfo
Published: January 2021

Neste projeto, retomo um tema que foi objeto de uma comunicação apresentada no II Congresso Nacional de Linguística, realizado em 1983 na PUC do Rio de Janeiro. Naquela comunicação, eu centrei minhas atenções em dois problemas que se encontram na tentativa de formular em termos explícitos o papel semântico do Passado Composto,  problemas que consistem, mais precisamente, 1) em formalizar seu sentido iterativo (que contrasta com o das demais perífrases “de tempo” construídas mediante o auxiliar ter, mas é normal para aquela forma quando o verbo de sentido pleno indica ação),  e 2) em manter, nessa formulação,  a possibilidade de relacionar o sentido iterativo com o sentido durativo que, embora menos comum, é  possível quando o predicado indica estado.Na comunicação de 1983, esses dois problemas ou “desafios” vinham formulados com alguma clareza, mas pouco era feito no sentido de sua superação; por outro lado, aquele texto sugeria que tudo mais, na descrição semântica do passado composto português é questão de simples rotina, e isto é certamente falso. A existência de impasses reconhecidos, a possível existência de outros e uma atenção maior à maneira como os vários aspectos da significação do passado composto se articulam justificam a retomada do tema; o propósito, aqui, era o de chegar a uma descrição formal unificada e simples da semântica daquela forma; é possível que este trabalho faça menos do que isso, por exemplo porque as soluções aventadas para os vários problemas parciais não se juntam; é possível também que fique simplesmente ampliado o repertório de impasses.
Chinese voices in portuguese: call needs for the oral skills learning
Authors: Castelo Adelina
Published: January 2021

This study aims at identifying which CALL (Computer-assisted Language Learning) materials should be made available to the Chinese learners of Portuguese as a Foreign Language (PFL) for them to improve their oral skills in a more autonomous way. Adopting an approach of needs analysis and clients’ views inquiry, it is based on an online questionnaire completed by 418 Chinese volunteer participants who were learners of PFL. The participants’ perceptions about (a) their own difficulties in pronunciation and oral understanding and (b) the CALL materials needed to address these oral skills were analysed in three ways: as a whole; according to the participants’ proficiency level in PFL; according to their geographical region. The results allowed to reflect on the relevance of using these inquiries and to propose a prioritisation list for the creation of new CALL materials, list that gives special importance to the tasks perceived as the most difficult by the participants (distinction of voicing, liquids and vowel height, understanding of text and word) and to the CALL types of materials considered the most needed (word recognition system, recorded rhymes, poems, tongue twisters, songs or texts with written transcription).
No me dejes en visto: uso de dispositivos móviles en la enseñanza del inglés
Authors: Rodríguez-Silva Katherin Johanna , Mendieta-Ramírez Herberth Alfonso
Published: January 2021

This qualitative and descriptive case study aims to analyze the effect of the implementation of mobile learning strategies to develop communicative skills in English students at the Universidad Santo Tomas. To achieve this, three important moments were defined: the first moment was to characterize some mobile learning tools such as software applications focused on the development of skills in a foreign language in order to identify their contributions to the teaching process. The second moment was to implement a mobile learning strategy to verify both: the use of ICT and the effect in the academic process. The last moment led to the analysis of information to determine the findings and the communication of conclusions. To carry out this research, it was necessary the support of 258 students, whose English level ranged between A1 and B1 according to the CEFR. The results showed that students felt motivated to learn and they had a better performance with the mediation of mobile learning strategies and tools. This research contributed to the consolidation of an ICT proposal for the Languages Institute at the university.
Enhanced external quantum efficiency of III-nitride micro-light-emitting diodes using vertical and transparent package
Authors: Wong Matthew S. , Oh Sang Ho , Back Joonho , Lee Changmin , Speck James S. , Nakamura Shuji , DenBaars Steven P.
Published: January 2021

In this work, 40 × 40 μm2 blue InGaN micro-light-emitting diodes (μLEDs) with transparent and vertical package was first demonstrated by using either double-side polished zinc oxide (ZnO) or sapphire substrate as a transparent submount. The performance of the vertical and conventional packages was compared, where the devices packaged vertically resulted in smaller blueshift in peak wavelength with increasing drive current due to the higher junction temperature. Moreover, devices packaged vertically with the sapphire submount offered 19% and 32% greater light output power at 20 and 100 A cm−2, respectively, and 18% improvement in maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) than devices with conventional package. Finally, the peak EQE of 58% was achieved from the μLED packaged vertically using a sapphire submount.
Space-charge-limited current with traps in trigonal selenium nanowires
Authors: Akiyama Norio , Dohi Tsukasa
Published: January 2021

The current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of trigonal selenium (t-Se) nanowire (NW) crystals made via immersion in ethanol have been studied. A steep increase in current at the trap-filled limit voltage is observed in the I–V curve of t-Se NWs with a space-charge-limited current. From an analysis of the I–V characteristics based on a three-dimensional model, the trap concentration and trap energy are estimated to be 6.8 × 1012 cm−3 and 0.60 eV, respectively. It is compared with trap levels of 0.59, 0.42, and 0.37 eV obtained from an analysis of the photocurrent spectrum of t-Se NWs, which can be attributed to the deformation, OH- stretching mode, and CH- stretching mode, respectively.
Concept of Children's Education According to Muhammad Nur Abdul Hafizh Suwaid (Study Of Book Analysis Manhaj At-Tarbiyah An-Nabawiyah Lit-Tifl)
Authors: M. Ma’ruf  , Ira Misraya
Published: January 2021

This study analyzed the thoughts of Muhammad Nur Abdul Hafizh Suwaid about the concept of child education in the Manhaj at-Tarbiyah an-Nabawiyah lit-Tifl book. This type of research uses literature. The results of this study found that the concept of child education according to Muhammad Suwaid divided it into three stages, namely, pre-birth education, post-birth education, education until adolescence. The relevance of the concept of child education to children’s education in the current era can be done through education in Indonesia, namely: religious spiritual strength, self-control, personality and skills. This means that education is not only fixated on one goal, such as intelligence, but is holistic with other goaals to shape the character or personality of Indonesian people as a whole.
Implementation Of Augmented Learning In Improving Student Learning Response PGMI UNIPDU Jombang
Authors: Miftakhul Ilmi S. Putra  , M. Ansor Anwar  , Dhikrul Hakim  , Muhammad Syafi’i
Published: January 2021

This study aims to describe the implementation of augmented learning to improve the response to science learning of class students of PGMI Unipdu Jombang. The research sample was 30 students of class 5A PGMI Unipdu Jombang. The study was conducted in October-December 2019 using an experimental method with data collection techniques through cognitive tests, observation, and interviews. The results showed that augmented learning can improve the learning response of class students of PGMI Unipdu Jombang. Student learning responses to learning science using Augmented learning is positive
Comparative assessment of the effect of disinfectants on the level of biotic contamination and hatchability of chicken eggs
Authors: Stegniy B. T. , Paliy A. P. , Pavlichenko O. V. , Stegniy O. O. , Palii A. P.
Published: January 2021

The widespread presence of modern high-productive egg crosses of chickens in poultry farms causes some negative consequences, one of which is a decrease in hatchability and survival of young chickens. The worsening of the quality of hatching eggs is associated with a violation of the morphological and biochemical parameters of the shell and shell membranes, which leads to the egg breakage, increased hatchery waste, contamination of young birds with infectious agents, and reduced immune resistance. Modern poultry farming uses a fairly large arsenal of disinfectants of various chemical origins and mechanisms of action. The introduction into practice of disinfectants is not possible without prior laboratory evaluation of their effectiveness as to the object of intended use. The aim of our work was to determine the bactericidal properties of disinfectants with different active substances in relation to the microbiota of hatching eggs from chickens of different productivity directions. The research was conducted following the guidelines ‘Methods for determining and evaluating the safety and quality of disinfectants, detergents and detergent-sanitizers used in the production, storage, transportation and sale of animal products’ (Kotsiumbas et al., 2010). According to the results of the research, it was found that for the purpose of pre-incubation treatment and during the incubation period for chickens it is effective to use the drug ‘Polydez’ in 0.1% concentration and the drug ‘Virosan’ in a concentration of 0.1%. These disinfectants can be used for sanitation of chicken hatching eggs and hatcheries
Feed microbial contamination in pig-breeding: Modern threats and ways to overcome them
Authors: Kolchyk О. V. , Buzun A. I.
Published: January 2021

The paper presents the results on the species and percentage composition of the microflora in biofilms of pig feed, which varies depending on the seasonal factor. Bacteria Streptococcus spp., Pasteurella multocida, Neisseria spp., and Clostridium perfringens in biofilms were found much more often (by 25% or more) in the warm period of the year, while listeria in silage and haylage — in the autumn–winter period. This property of feed biofilms is also significantly influenced by the conditions of cultivation, harvesting and storage of agricultural products. In the study of biofilms of microflora of barley, corn and wheat, it was found that their structural basis are aerobic fungi of the mold Aspergillus spp. Bacteria Streptococcus spp., Pasteurella multocida, Neisseria spp., and Clostridium perfringens without mold form much looser biofilms in vitro and these biofilms are much more sensitive to a wide range of commercial antibiotics. The structural basis of polymicrobial biofilms of barley, corn and wheat microflora is highly likely to be aerobic fungi of Aspergillus spp.
TSO-DSO Operational Planning Coordination through "l1-Proximal" Surrogate Lagrangian Relaxation
Authors: Bragin Mikhail , Dvorkin Yury
Published: January 2021

The proliferation of distributed energy resources (DERs), located at the Distribution System Operator (DSO) level, bring new opportunities as well as new challenges to the operations within the grid, specifically, when it comes to the interaction with the Transmission System Operator (TSO). To enable interoperability, while ensuring higher flexibility and cost-efficiency, DSOs and the TSO need to be efficiently coordinated. Difficulties behind creating such TSO-DSO coordination include the combinatorial nature of the operational planning problem involved at the transmission level as well as the nonlinearity of AC power flow within both systems. These considerations significantly increase the complexity even under the deterministic setting. In this paper, a deterministic TSO-DSO operational planning coordination problem is considered and a novel decomposition and coordination approach is developed. Within the new method, the problem is decomposed into TSO and DSO subproblems, which are efficiently coordinated by updating Lagrangian multipliers. The nonlinearities at the TSO level caused by AC power flow constraints are resolved through a dynamic linearization while guaranteeing feasibility through ``l1-proximal'' terms. Numerical results based on the coordination of the 118-bus TSO system with up to 32 DSO 34-bus systems indicate that the method efficiently overcomes the computational difficulties of the problem.
Missing Data Imputation on IoT Sensor Networks: Implications for on-site Sensor Calibration
Authors: Okafor Nwamaka , Delaney Declan
Published: January 2021

IoT sensors are becoming increasingly important supplement to traditional monitoring systems, particularly for in-situ based monitoring. However, data collection based on IoT sensors are often plagued with missing values usually occurring as a result of sensor faults, network failures, drifts and other operational issues.
MISSING DATA IMPUTATION ON IOT SENSOR NETWORKS: IMPLICATIONS FOR ON-SITE SENSOR CALIBRATION
Authors: Okafor Nwamaka
Published: January 2021

IoT sensors are gaining more popularity in the environmental monitoring space due to their relatively small size, cost of acquisition and ease of installation and operation. They are becoming increasingly important
supplement to traditional monitoring systems, particularly for in-situ based monitoring. However, data collection based on IoT sensors are often plagued with missing values usually occurring as a result of sensor faults, network failures, drifts and other operational issues. Several imputation strategies have been proposed for handling missing values in various application domains. This paper examines the performance of different imputation techniques including Multiple Imputation by Chain Equations (MICE), Random forest based imputation (missForest) and K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) for handling missing values on sensor networks deployed for the quantification of Green House Gases(GHGs). Two tasks were conducted: first, Ozone (O3) and NO2/O3 concentration data collected using Aeroqual and Cairclip sensors respectively over a six months data collection period were corrupted by removing data intervals at different missing periods (p) where p 2 f1day; 1week; 2weeks; 1monthg and also at random points on the dataset at varying proportion (r) where r 2 f5%; 10%; 30%; 50%; 70%g. The missing data were then filled using the different imputation strategies and their imputation accuracy calculated. Second, the performance of sensor calibration by different regression models including Multi Linear Regression (MLR), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF) and XGBoost (XGB) trained on the different imputed datasets were evaluated. The analysis showed the MICE technique to outperform the others in imputing the missing values on both the O3 and NO2/O3 datasets when missingness was introduced over periods p. MissForest, however, outperformed the rest when missingness was introduced as randomly occuring point errors. While the analysis demonstrated the effects of missing and imputed data on sensor calibration, experimental results showed that a simple model on the imputed dataset can achieve state of-the-art result on in-situ sensor calibration, improving the data quality of the sensor.
ANALISIS INSTRUMEN KEBIJAKAN FISKAL TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI 35 KABUPATEN / KOTA PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH TAHUN 2013 – 2017
Authors: Bahari Fitri , SBM Nugroho
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pajak, belanja pegawai, belanja barang dan jasa, belanja tidak langsung terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di 35 Kabupaten/ Kota Provinsi Jawa Tengah pada tahun 2013-2017, sebagai akibat pengambilan kebijakan fiskal. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data panel (data time series selama lima tahun dari 2013-2017, dan data cross-section sebanyak 35 data yang mewakili Kabupaten/ Kota Di Provinsi Jawa Tengah). Metode analisis penelitian ini mengunakan regresi data panel fixed effect model. Analisis regresi data panel digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel-variabel independen terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Hasil estimasi dalam penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa variabel belanja tidak langsung berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi, variabel pajak, belanja pegawai berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan, sedangkan variabel belanja barang dan jasa tidak berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa variabel belanja lagsung, pajak, dan belanja pegawai memiliki pengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi sebagai dampak pengambilan kebijakan fiskal. Namun variabel belanja barang dan jasa tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Kabupaten/ Kota Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperlukan efektifitas alokasi anggaran belanja maupun penerimaan pemerintah, agar lebih dapat merespon kebijakan fiskal regional yang diambil pemerintah.
MEMBANGUN EKONOMI HIJAU DENGAN BASIS PERTANIAN DI PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH TAHUN 2013 – 2018
Authors: Susanti Diana Dwi , Wicaksono Alif Muhammad
Published: January 2021

Jawa Tengah merupakan salah satu provinsi yang dianugerahi sumber daya alam yang melimpah. Potensi kekayaan alam mampu membuat Jawa Tengah menjadi salah satu lumbung pangan di Indonesia. Dalam beberapa dekade terakhir banyak pertanian hanya fokus pada pencapaian hasil yang tinggi, siklus hidup yang pendek, penyakit dan resistensi hama. Bahkan gizi sudah tidak terlalu penting, karena hanya mengejar produksi. Padahal pertanian menjadi salah satu cara untuk mengembangkan green economy atau pertumbuhan ekonomi hijau. Menjaga kelestarian lingkungan dan mengurangi resioko penumpukan karbon perlu dikembangkan kembali model pertanian yang berbasis organik. Penelitian dalam penulisan ini menggunakan metode deskriptif yang menggambarkan situasi atau kejadian. Dengan data sekunder yang mendukung penelitian yaitu struktur ongkos usaha tani (SOUT) 2014 -2017, pertumbuhan ekonomi dan riskesdas dalam jangka waktu 2013 – 2018. Hasil dari penelitian menggambarkan bahwa Jawa Tengah belum menggunakan konsep green economy. Terlihat dari penggunaan pupuk anorganik pada hasil pendataan SOUT masih mewarnai pertanian di Jawa Tengah. Penggunaan pupuk anorganik meningkat dari 72,33 persen padata tahun 2013 dan naik sebesar 78,05 persen pada tahun 2017. Penggunaan pestisida kimiawi juga meningkat dari 83,32 persen pada tahun 2013 naik sebesar 88,19 persen pada tahun 2017. Prevalensi penyakit modern seperti kanker, diabetes, ginjal kronis, hepatitis dan stroke hasil pendataan riskesdas juga meningkat. Produktivitas padi yang diharapkan dapat meningkat signifikan dengan penggunaan zat kimia tersebut ternyata tidak terbukti. Bahkan produktivitas kian menyusut, penyakit modern pada penduduk terus meningkat. Pemerintah mengeluarkan kebijakan dengan mengatur tanaman, pupuk organik yang dipakai dan membangun standar produk guna mengakses pasar internasional. Tanpa melibatkan zat-zat kimia yang bisa merusak kesehatan dan lingkungan. Menarik investor di bidang pertanian untuk peluang modal bagi petani dalam menerapkan Good Agriculture Practise (GAP).
KECERNAAN BAHAN KERING, BAHAN ORGANIK, LEMAK KASAR DAN TOTAL DIGESTIBLE NUTRIENTS BERBAGAI HIJAUAN SECARA IN VITRO
Authors: Faradilla Farah , Nuswantara Limbang Kustiawan , Christiyanto Marry , Pangestu Eko
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kecernaan bahan kering, bahan organik, lemak kasar dan Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN) beberapa hijauan secara in vitro. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2018 – Januari 2019 di Laboratorium Ilmu Nutrisi dan Pakan, Fakultas Peternakan dan Pertanian, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 8 jenis hijauan pakan sebagai perlakuan masing-masing 3 ulangan. Parameter yang diamati kecernaan bahan kering, bahan organik, lemak kasar dan TDN. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berbagai jenis hijauan menghasilkan nilai kecernaan dan TDN yang berbeda (P<0,05). Kesimpulan hasil penelitian ini adalah kecernaan bahan kering, bahan organik dan lemak kasar dipengaruhi oleh kandungan nutrien dalam bahan pakan, sedangkan nilai TDN berkorelasi dengan nilai kecernaan nutrien dalam bahan pakan.