bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seasonal changes in platform use by adult farmbred silver foxes (Vulpes Vulpes)
Authors: Korhonen Hannu , Niemelä Paavo
Published: July 2018

Seasonal changes in platform use (Wooden U-type platform, area 3090 cm2) were studied during one year in adult farmbred silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes) by daytime scan sampling observations and 24-h video recordings. Platform use was found to be lowest during the coldest part of the year (winter, late autumn) and highest in mid-summer (July). The seasonal pattern in platform use obtained by the scan samplings was in agreement with that obtained by video recordings. Platform use was sex-related being significantly (p < 0.001) higher in females than males. Circadian distribution of platform use was rather similar for both sexes. Hourly use was highest from 4 to 5 a.m. and lowest at about 8-9 a.m. when farm work started. Platforms were mostly used for sleeping and the least for jumping. The animals’ needs for rest, observation and seclusion required by the European Convention were met fairly well by the presently studied platform type. This is demonstrated by of its rather high amount of general use, and because it functioned appropriately as a place for observation and rest. Based on the present data, wooden U-type platforms can be recommended for practical farming purposes, particularly outside the winter period.
Relationship of breast fillet deboning time to shear force, pH, cooking loss and color in broilers stunned by high electrical current
Authors: Papinaho Petri A. , Fletcher Daniel L.
Published: July 2018

Experiments were conducted to determine the relationships between deboning time and broiler breast meat quality, as determined by objective meat tenderness, pH, color and cooking loss. All birds were processed in a European commercial processing plant using a high current, constant voltage stunning system and air chilling. According to a modified Mitscherlich response equation, pH values reached their ultimate value by 5.77 h post-mortem, with an asymptotic 95 % confidence interval of 5.72 h-5.81 h post-mortem. The shear force data, which were analyzed using a logistic model, suggested that broiler breast fillets should be aged intact on the carcass for 10.58 h, 5.94 h or 2.28 h to guarantee that over 95 % of the fillets reach Allo-Kramer shear forces of 8.0, 9.0 or 11.0 kg/g, respectively. Since acceptable meat tenderness values vary with country, geographical area, or consumer groups, acceptable ranges should be determined according to potential market demands. No relationships between deboning time and fresh meat color or cooking loss was found.
Feeding whole grain with pelleted diets to growing broiler chickens
Authors: Kiiskinen Tuomo
Published: July 2018

In three trials with growing broilers (aged 12-8 days) the proportion of whole grain (WG) was increased step by step up to 30% (Trial 1) along with commercial starter (S) and grower (G) pellets or up to 40% (Trial 2) and 50% (Trial 3) with special balancer (BA) pellets (crude protein 250 g/kg). WG accounted for about 20%, 31% and 38% of the broilers’ total feed intakes, respectively. In Trial 1, the grain was exclusively wheat (W). In the other trials, also mixtures of wheat and barley (W:B 70:30, 50:50) were used. Crude protein analyses of feed remains revealed that birds did not to any considerable extent select between pellets and grain. Mixing wheat with S or G pellets reduced feed intake significantly (P
The effect of two pesticides (Vitavax-300 and Gaucho) on rhizobia and on the nodulation of four legumes
Authors: Miettinen Pasi , Echegoyen Plutarco E.
Published: July 2018

The application of seed-protecting pesticides is often a prerequisite for raising legumes in the tropics. However, these chemicals may influence the development of root nodule symbiosis. In the present study, high concentrations of Gaucho insecticide (imidacloprid) and Vitavax-300 fungicide (carboxin and captan) clearly inhibited the growth of root nodule bacterium under laboratory conditions. However, they did not effect to the nodulation or biomass production of Arachis pintoi, Arachis hypogaea, Mucuna pruriens or Desmodium ovalifolium raised in a green house in eastern Costa Rica. Explanations for these results are discussed.
Northern agriculture: constraints and responses to global climate change
Authors: Mela Timo J. N.
Published: July 2018

In the northern circumpolar zone, the area between the 600°Cd and 1200°Cd isopleths of effective temperature sum above 5°C, the annual receipt of solar energy is limited by the low angle of radiation arriving at the earth’s surface. This is the primary cause of the climatic constraints observed in the zone, such as low temperatures, a short growing season, frosts during the growing season, long and cold winters and thick snow cover. In Finland, the length of the growing season varies from 180 days in the south (60°N) to 120 days in the north (70°N). Consequently, the growing time for crops from sowing to ripening is also short, which limits their ability to produce high yields. The most advanced forms of farming in the high-latitude zone are encountered towards the south in Northern Europe, central Siberia and the prairies of Canada, i.e. mainly in the phytogeographical hemiboreal zone where the effective temperature sum is higher than 1200°Cd. Conditions for agriculture then deteriorate gradually further north with the cooling of the climate, and this is reflected as an increase in cattle rearing at the expense of grain cultivation. In northern Europe farming is practised as far north as to the Arctic Circle, at about 66°N latitude. In North America, fields extend to about 55°N, In Asia, there are few fields north of 60°N. Finland is the most northern agricultural country in the world, with all its field area, about 2.5 million hectares, located north of latitude 60°N. Changes in the climate and atmospheric CO2 predicted for the future are likely to have a strong influence, either beneficial or disadvantageous, on the conditions for growth in northern areas where the annual mean temperature is 5°C or less.
Detection of bias in animal model pedigree indices of heifers
Authors: Lidauer Martin , Mäntysaari Esa
Published: July 2018

The objective of the study was to test whether the pedigree indices (PI) of heifers are biased, and if so, whether the magnitude of the bias varies in different groups of heifers. Therefore, two animal model evaluations with two different data sets were computed. Data with all the records from the national evaluation in December 1994 was used to obtain estimated breeding values (EBV) for 305-days’ milk yield and protein yield. In the second evaluation, the PIs were estimated for cows calving the first time in 1993 by excluding all their production records from the data. Three different statistics, a simple t-test, the linear regression of EBV on PI, and the polynomial regression of the difference in the predictions (EBV-PI) on PI, were computed for three groups of first parity Ayrshire cows: daughters of proven sires, daughters of young sires, and daughters of bull dam candidates. A practically relevant bias was found only in the PIs for the daughters of young sires. On average their PIs were biased upwards by 0.20 standard deviations (78.8 kg) for the milk yield and by 0.21 standard deviations (2.2 kg) for the protein yield. The polynomial regression analysis showed that the magnitude of the bias in the PIs changed somewhat with the size of the PIs.
Yields, plant characteristics, total N and fibre composition of timothy cultivars grown at two latitudes
Authors: Kunelius H. Tapani , Pärssinen Pertti , Pullli Seppo K.
Published: July 2018

Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) cultivars of southern (45°N) and northern (≥60°N) origin were grown in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada (46° N) and Jokioinen, Finland (61° N) in two years. Timothy was harvested twice a season and nitrogen applied at 100 or 150 kg/ha. Dry matter yields were higher in Charlottetown than in Jokioinen and northern cultivars outyielded southern cultivars. Nitrogen at 150 kg/ha increased total yields an average of 1.4 t/ha over the 100 kg N/ha rate. The stems and panicles of timothy were longer in Charlottetown. Northern cultivars had longer panicles. The leaf content of cultivars ranged from 139 to 230 g/kg. Northern cultivars had greater N concentrations (22.1 g/kg) in cut 2 than southern timothies (19.7 g/kg). Concentrations of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) in cut 1 were lower in Jokioinen, In conclusion, northern cultivars performed well in Charlottetown but there were differences in yield stability among cultivars. Nutritional quality of timothy cultivars varied among the sites and the significance of differences in NDF and ADF in relation to animal performance require further study.
Long-term fertilizer field trials: comparison of three mathematical response models
Authors: Bäckman Stefan T. , Vermeulen S. , Taavitsainen V.-M.
Published: July 2018

Accession to the European Union caused a drop of nearly 60 per cent from 1994 to 1995 in prices of wheat, barley and oats in Finland. The economic use of fertilizer therefore decreased accordingly. To calculate the effect of the price changes on the economic optima, the physical production function must be known. Three physical production functions, the quadratic, the linear response and plateau (LRP) and the exponential function were estimated for this purpose. The models differed little in respect of the R2adj value (0.82-0.90) but the calculated optimum varied, depending on the production function. Data on a long-term field trial (21 years) were analysed. The field trial was established in 1973 to demonstrate the effect of mineral fertilizer in crop production. The crops grown in the trial were barley, wheat and oats. Different varieties were included in the models.
Classification of acid sulphate soils of Finland according to Soil Taxonomy and the FAO/Unesco legend
Authors: Yli-Halla Markku
Published: July 2018

In order to place acid sulphate soils (a.s. soils) of Finland in an international context, five pedons from cultivated a.s. soils from Liminka, Ylistaro and Laitila on the western coast of Finland were analyzed and classified according to Soil Taxonomy and the revised legend of the FAO/Unesco Soil Map of the World. Three of the pedons (Liminka 1 and 2, Laitila 1) had sulfuric horizons within 50 cm of soil surface and qualify as Typic Sulfaquepts. One pedon (Ylistaro) had a sulfuric horizon at the depth of 100-150 cm and was classified as a Sulfic Cryaquept. The fifth pedon (Laitila 2) did not have either a sulfuric horizon or sulfidic materials, but it had a pH
Effects of composite casein and β-lactoglobulin genotypes on renneting properties and composition of bovine milk by assuming an animal model
Authors: Ikonen Tiina , Ojala Matti , Syväoja Eeva-Liisa
Published: July 2018

The effects of κ-β-casein genotypes and β-lactoglobulin genotypes on the renneting properties and composition of milk were estimated for 174 and 155 milk samples of 59 Finnish Ayrshire and 55 Finnish Friesian cows, respectively. As well as the random additive genetic and permanent environmental effects of a cow, the model included the fixed effects for parity, lactation stage, season, κ-β-casein genotypes and κ-lactoglobulin genotypes. Favourable renneting properties were associated with κ-β-casein genotypes ABA1A2, ABA1A1 and AAA1A2 in the Finnish Ayrshire, and with ABA2B, AAA1A3, AAA2A3, ABA1A2 and ABA2A2 in the Finnish Friesian. The favourable effect of these genotypes on curd firming time and on firmness of the curd was partly due to their association with a high κ-casein concentration in the milk. The effect of the κ-casein E allele on renneting properties was unfavourable compared with that of the κ-casein B allele, and possibly with that of the A allele. The β-lactoglobulin genotypes had no effect on renneting properties but they had a clear effect on the protein composition of milk. The β-lactoglobulin AA genotype was associated with a high whey protein % and β-lactoglobulin concentration and the BB genotype with a high casein % and casein number.
Effect of fertilization on soil phosphorus in a long-term field experiment in southern Finland
Authors: Jaakkola Antti , Hartikainen Helinä , Lemola Riitta
Published: July 2018

A field experiment was established in 1978 on a loam soil (pH in CaCl2 7.1) to monitor gradual changes in the soil P status as response to different P fertilization regimes. For 18 years, cereals or grass were cultivated without P fertilization (P0) or with annual P application of 35 kg ha-1 (P1) or 70-79 kg P ha-1 and 71-83 kg K ha-1 (P2K). The effects of the treatments on the crop yield varied yearly. The Chang and Jackson fractionation analysis revealed that fertilizer P not taken up by the plant crops was mostly in the NH4F extract and to a lesser extent in the NaOH extract. The NH4F-extractable P proved also to be the main P source for plants. However, the changes in the reserves of inorganic and organic P did not agree very well with the calculated P balance in soil (applied P minus plant P uptake). This disproportion was partly explained by the soil movement from plots to the neighbouring ones during the experiment. Phosphorus extractable in acid ammonium acetate or water decreased gradually when no P was applied and increased with increasing P accumulation. The changes in the inorganic P reserves due to different P fertilization history were reflected a little more sensitively in the water extraction test than in the acid acetate test.
Seasonal occurrence of Lygus bugs on field crops in Finland
Authors: Varis Anna-Liisa
Published: July 2018

A long term survey of Lygus populations (Heteroptera, Miridae) was carried out on eight arable crops in southern Finland. Sweep net samples were taken weekly during the growing season in 16 successive years. The hibernated adults first appeared in May on overwintered crops: winter rye, red clover-timothy ley and winter turnip rape. Turnip rape and ley harbored the most Lygus adults until the end of June even if some of them started to move to spring cereals (wheat, oats and barley), potato and sugarbeet after the emergence of these plants. The numbers of adults on cereals remained small until the crops reached the heading stage. The peak occurred in the first half of August. The adult numbers on potato and sugarbeet were also highest in August. The total number of adults was highest on wheat. Nymphs were found on all the studied crops. They were first captured in the second half of June and reached a peak between mid-July and mid-August. Numbers were highest on wheat. The most common species on all crops was L. rugulipennis Poppius, constituting 92% of the adults. The other Lygus species were L. gemellatus (Herrich-Schaeffer), L. pratensis (L.) and L. punctatus (Zetterstedt). A few specimens of L. wagneri Remane were also found.
Supply of nutrients and productive responses in dairy cows given diets based on restrictively fermented silage
Authors: Huhtanen Pekka
Published: July 2018

The objective of this paper is to review research which has evaluated the feeding of dairy cows with diets containing large proportions of grass silage. In Finland, milk production systems evolved are based on the use of restrictively fermented silages. Higher potential yields, smaller production risks than with cereal grains, short grazing period and high digestibility of grasses grown in northern latitudes have facilitated this development. Factors affecting nutrient supply from these diets are discussed. Digestibility is determined mainly by the stage of maturity at harvesting and it is not markedly affected by the level of energy and protein supplementation. Intake of grass silage is influenced both by digestibility and fermentation characteristics. Efficiency of microbial synthesis is high in animals given diets based on restrictively fermented silage but rumen fermentation pattern is characterised by low molar proportions of propionate. Production responses to additional concentrate are relatively small, especially when the amount of concentrate exceeds 10 kg day-1. High substitution of silage dry matter (DM), negative associative effects on digestion and partitioning of energy towards body tissues account for small production responses. Protein supplementation has consistently increased milk protein yield but responses do not appear to be related to the level of milk production, silage crude protein content, amount of concentrate or stage of lactation. The new protein evaluation system provides an accurate prediction of protein yield with the typical Finnish dairy cow diets. The high slopes (ca. 0.5) between protein supply and milk protein yield within experiments suggest that protein supply is suboptimal and protein supplements are used with a high efficiency.
Evaluation of the spot urine sampling technique to assess urinary pseudouridine excretion in lactating dairy cows
Authors: Shingfield Kevin J. , Offer Nicholas W.
Published: July 2018

The potential of the spot urine sampling technique to assess urinary pseudouridine excretion was evaluated. Twelve multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows were fed two experimental diets in a complete change-over design with two 14 day experimental periods. Diets were either silage fed ad libitum with a concentrate supplement offered as a single meal (SF), or a complete diet formulated from the same ingredients (CD). Total urine collections were performed for 24h at 2 h intervals on days 11 and 14. Pseudouridine and creatinine excretion during each 2h interval depended on time of collection (pseudouridine, P
Effect of dietary crude protein and energy content on nitrogen utilisation, water intake and urinary output in growing pigs
Authors: Valaja Jarmo , Siljander-Rasi Hilkka
Published: July 2018

A digestibility and balance trial was carried out with four intact castrated male pigs (live weight 33-82 kg) to study the effects of dietary crude protein and energy content on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen metabolism, water intake and urinary output. In a 4 x 4 Latin square design, four barley-oats-soya bean meal based diets were arranged 2x2 factorially. The corresponding factors were dietary crude protein (CP) content: high (180 g/kg CP) or low protein diet (140 g/kg CP) supplemented with free lysine, methionine and threonine; and dietary net energy content; high (1.05 feed units (FU)/kg) (feed unit=9.3 MJ net energy) or low net energy content (0.95 FU/kg). Lowering dietary CP content (mean values of 189 to 152 g/kg dry matter, respectively) by supplementation of free amino acids decreased urinary nitrogen (N) excretion by 6.9 g/day (32%) (P
Distillers feeds and feed fractions of barley in the diets of laying hens
Authors: Näsi Matti
Published: July 2018

Two experiments using 551 and 537 LSK-61 WL laying hens in the tests were conducted to evaluate hen performance and egg quality when graded levels of barley or wheat distillers feeds (BDDGS, WDDGS) from conventional process and barley protein and fibre (BP, BF) from integrated starch-ethanol production were incorporated into the diets. In the first exp. hens were fed diets containing 200 g/kg diet of WDDGS or 100 or 200 g BDDGS either with or without cellulase addition, respectively. In the second trial hens were fed diets with 50 or 100g BP as protein supplement or 100 or 200g/kg diet BF with or without multienzyme (Avizyme) addition. Each diet with similar contents of ME, CP, lysine and S-amino acids was fed to hens from 34 to 58 wk of age following 4-wk pretreatment and 2-wk transition periods. There were only small dietary effects and no significant differences in performance due to treatment in either trial. The production level was rather high; on average the laying rate was 82.3 and 84.5 %, feed intake 119 g and 118 g/d and FCR 2.42 and 2.37 kg feed/kg eggs in exp. 1 and 2, respectively, indicating no adverse effects of the supplements used. A linear decrease (P < 0.01) in egg weight and yolk colour intensity (P
Puunjalostusteollisuuden jäteliemipulveri märehtijäin rehuna
Authors: Salo Maija-Liisa , Immonen Matti , Suomi Kaija
Published: July 2018

Tutkimus käsitteli koivuraaka-aineesta ammonium neutraali-sulfiittikeitossa muodostuvan kuivatun jäteliemen käyttöä märehtijäin rehuna. Tuote koostui pääasiassa ksylaanista ja ligniinistä. Kumpikin aine oli suureksi osaksi niin muuttuneessa muodossa, että tavanomaiset määritysmenetelmät ilmaisivat niistä vain osan. Typen määrä vaihteli erilaisissa valmisteissa rajoissa 4—7 %, rikin 4.5—9 % ja etikkahapon 0.5—7 % kuiva-aineesta. Sulavuuskokeet lampailla osoittivat, että kun ohra-olki-kurrijauhe yhdistelmässä kurrijauhe korvattiin jäteliemipulverilla, dieetin orgaanisen aineen sulavuus aleni 18 %:n tasolla (I) 84.0 %:sta 73.5 %:iin (P
A study of nutritional status of Finnish reindeer (Rangifer Tarandus L.) in differents months: I. Composition and volume of the rumen microbiota
Authors: Syrjälä Liisa , Kossila Vappu , Sipilä Helena
Published: July 2018

The rumen microbiota were studied in free-ranging semi-domestic reindeer in Finnish Lapland under the nutritional conditions obtaining at two different sampling times. Qualitative and quantitative investigations were made of the rumen ciliate fauna and quantitative investigations of the rumen bacterial flora. The volume coefficients for rumen ciliates obtained by Westerling (1970) and that for rumen bacteria obtained by Warner (1962) were used to obtain an indication of the volume of the rumen microbe mass in reindeer. The rumen samples were collected in connection with the round-up and slaughter of reindeer, being taken from 30 animals in December and 29 animals in March. The reindeer slaughtered in December had normal access to food, but those slaughtered in March had grazed on better pastures and received a supplementary feed of hay. The total number of ciliate cells was over six times as high in March as in December, the numbers being 1 182900 and 188 300 per ml rumen contents, respectively. The corresponding total numbers of bacterial cells were 9.65 x 109 in March and 6.65 x 109 in December. The reason for the statistically significantly (P < 0.01) higher numbers in March than in December is probably the better nutritional conditions of the herd slaughtered in March, not the time of the year. The ciliate fauna consisted of 19 different species, although not all the species were found in every sample. The percentage composition of the ciliate fauna did not vary considerably between the two sampling times. The volume of the total microbe mass constituted 8.2% of the rumen contents in March and 1.9 % in December, the average being 5.1 %. The proportion of the ciliate volume in the total microbe mass was clearly higher than that of the bacteria at both sampling times: 7.2 times as high in March and 1.7 times in December, the average being 4.7 times.
Effects of meat bone meal as fertilizer on yield and quality of sugar beet and carrot
Authors: Kivelä Jukka , Chen Lin , Muurinen Susanna , Kivijärvi Pirjo , Hintikainen Veikko , Helenius Juha
Published: July 2018

Meat and bone meal (MBM) is a by-product of the meat industry and is an important pathway for recycling of N and P. MBM contains about 8% N, 5% P, 1% K and 10% Ca. Field trials compared the effects of MBM and mineral  fertilizer on yield and quality of sugar beet (2008-2009) and carrot (2010-2011) in Finland. MBM fertilisation of sugar beet grown on clay loam and sandy clay soil gave 11.4% (2008) and 19.6% (2009) lower yields than mineral fertilizers. The lower root yield in 2008 was compensated by higher extractable sugar content and lower amino-N, K and Na in root but no such compensation in root quality was detected for 2009. Mixing MBM with mineral NPK fertilizers had similar effects as MBM-alone. MBM (80 kg N ha-1 2010 and 60 kg N ha-1 2011) together with K fertilizer (Patentkali®, 180 kg K ha-1) were applied for carrot to a fine sandy till soil in 2010 and sandy loam in 2011. MBM alone gave 14% lower total and marketable root yield than mineral fertilization. The lower yield was compensated by improved quality, lower NO3- content in the carrot and good storability. Adding extra fertilizer during growth or separating fertilization applications had no effect on root yield or quality. MBM performed in these cases mainly as an organic N fertilizer. The N supply from MBM is not sufficient for achieving same yields as with mineral fertilizers. The relative N efficiency of total N of MBM was 83% that of mineral fertilizers. MBM should be targeted on soils with low P status.We conclude that MBM is a reasonably competitive alternative to mineral fertilizers, and as a recycled fertilizer it is a good option for organic production.
Effect on yield, total phenolic, total flavonoid and total isothiocyanate content of two broccoli cultivars (Brassica oleraceae var italica) following the application of a commercial brown seaweed extract (Ascophyllum nodosum)
Authors: Lola-Luz Theodora , Hennequart Franck , Gaffney Michael
Published: July 2018

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of an unfortified extract, of Ascophyllum nodosum on yield and nutritional quality of two broccoli cultivars (‘Ironman’ and ‘Red Admiral’). Total phenolic, total flavonoid, and total isothiocyanates content were higher in all seaweed treatments compared to the untreated control. In ‘Ironman’ there was a 2.2 fold increase in total phenolic, 1.5 fold in total flavonoid and 2.6 fold in total isothiocyanates content, in the higher application rate compared to the control. Similarly in ‘Red Admiral’, there was a 2.3 fold increase in total phenolic, 2.6 fold in total flavonoid and, 2.2 fold in total isothiocyanates content. There was a consistent effect on the increase of total phenolic, total flavonoid and total isothiocyanates content, while there was no yield increase recorded at the lower seaweed application rate. Results suggest that application of seaweed extracts can significantly increase the amount of phytochemicals and improve the nutritional quality of broccoli.
SISTEM CERDAS PENDUGAAN SALINITAS AIR LAUT BERDASARKAN CITRA LANDSAT MENGGUNAKAN METODE Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System ( ANFIS )
Authors: Walid Miftahul , Darmawan Aang Kisnu
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The purpose of this research is to predict the sea surfce salinity, so that it can be used as refractory material for salt production. Salinity is the soluble salt content in water and the suitable the salinity standard in salt industry will give an impact on the quality of the salt produced. The method of this research is Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The system in this research works by extracting landsat 8 image to produce some value variable which is used as dataset in ANFIS system such as red , green, blue, Longitude and Latitude value. Its dataset will be divided to training and testing data. Training data is used to train the ANFIS system while testing data is used to measure the prediction accuracy resulted by ANFIS. in order to know the level of accuracy by using Root Means Square Error ( RMSE ) method is used to measure the accuracy level. The system has been able to make predictions with error rate of 2,0267 in average.Keywords: Salinity, Landsat Image, Smart System, ANFIS.Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi salinitas air laut yang bisa dijadikan sebagai bahan refrensi untuk produksi garam. Salinitas adalah kadar garam terlarut dalam air, dengan salinitas yang sesuai standart dalam industri garam akan berdampak pada kualitas garam yang dihasilkan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System ( ANFIS ). Sistem kerja dalam penelitian ini dengan mengekstraksi citra landsat 8 sehingga menghasilkan beberapa variabel yang dijadikan sebagai dataset dalam sistem ANFIS diantaranya adalah variabel red, green, blue, Longitude dan Latitude. Dataset tersebut akan dibagi menjadi data Training dan data Testing. Data Training digunakan untuk melatih sistem ANFIS sedangkan data Testing digunakan untuk mengukur akurasi prediksi yang dihasilkan oleh ANFIS. Pengukuran tingkat akurasi menggunakan metode Root Means Square Error ( RMSE ). Sistem yang dibuat telah mampu melakukan prediksi dengan tingkat error rata – rata 2,0267.Kata Kunci: Salinitas, Citra Landsat, Sistem Cerdas, ANFIS.
Guglielmo Cavallo, Escribir, leer, conservar. Tipologías y prácticas de lo escrito, de la Antigüedad al Medioevo. Buenos Aires, Ampersand, 2017, Scripta Manent, 376 páginas
Authors: Funes Leonardo
Published: July 2018

e081 1) Reseñista: Leonardo Funes, Filosofía y Letras, UBA/CONICET. Libro reseñado: Guglielmo Cavallo, Escribir, leer, conservar. Tipologías y prácticas de lo escrito, de la Antigüedad al Medioevo. Buenos Aires, Ampersand, 2017, Scripta Manent, 376 páginas
Emotional State of Consumer in the Urban Purchase: Processing Data
Authors: Halkin Andrii
Published: July 2018

The research aims to assess the emotional state of the consumer during the purchase process in the urban retail chains. Galvanic skin response (GSR) and heart beat per minute (BPM) are used to assess the effect of environment on emotional fatigue of the consumer during shopping. Stress index was used for evaluating the results of different shops visited by a consumer. The conceptual framework of emotional fatigue research has been presented. The method was also used to estimate the level of emotional fatigue of a consumer during his or her visit to any shop on each purchase stage. The results can improve the quality of trade services by creating more favorable environment for shopping, planning sales areas, shops, sales analysis, advertising campaigns, and analysis of customers’ behavior. Developing a method to process and assess a consumer’s emotional state in purchase elements extend the neuromarketing theory by including the real environment component in it.
Reasons of Using IT Outsourcing (ITO) — Polish-Spanish Cross-Cultural Analysis
Authors: Słoniec Jolanta , González Rodriguez Reyes
Published: July 2018

The article compares the reasons for using IT outsourcing (ITO) in Polish and Spanish enterprises, based on the authors’ own research. The reasons for the application of ITO have been classified into three groups: economic, technological, and organizational/strategic. On the basis of the classified reasons, a research hypothesis was formulated: Representatives of Polish enterprises assess other groups of reasons as the most important motivation for the use of ITO in their companies compared to Spanish enterprises. On the basis of the authors’ own research, the hypothesis has been confirmed. Polish enterprises assess technological reasons as the most important, whereas Spanish enterprises consider organizational/strategic reasons to be the most important, although the differences in the assessment are not large. The difference in the validity of the reasons for the use of ITO may arise from the maturity of the ITO market in both countries but may also result from the personal experience of the companies with ITO.
Evaluation of two-dimensional dose distributions for pre-treatment patient-specific IMRT dosimetry
Authors: Radojcic Đeni Smilovic , Rajlic David , Casar Bozidar , Kolacio Manda Svabic , Obajdin Nevena , Faj Dario , Jurkovic Slaven
Published: July 2018

Background

The accuracy of dose calculation is crucial for success of the radiotherapy treatment. One of the methods that represent the current standard for patient-specific dosimetry is the evaluation of dose distributions measured with an ionization chamber array inside a homogeneous phantom using gamma method. Nevertheless, this method does not replicate the realistic conditions present when a patient is undergoing therapy. Therefore, to more accurately evaluate the treatment planning system (TPS) capabilities, gamma passing rates were examined for beams of different complexity passing through inhomogeneous phantoms.

Materials and methods

The research was performed using Siemens Oncor Expression linear accelerator, Siemens Somatom Open CT simulator and Elekta Monaco TPS. A 2D detector array was used to evaluate dose distribution accuracy in homogeneous, semi-anthropomorphic and anthropomorphic phantoms. Validation was based on gamma analysis with 3%/3mm and 2%/2mm criteria, respectively.

Results

Passing rates of the complex dose distributions degrade depending on the thickness of non-water equivalent material. They also depend on dose reporting mode used. It is observed that the passing rate decreases with plan complexity. Comparison of the data for all set-ups of semi-anthropomorphic and anthropomorphic phantoms shows that passing rates are higher in the anthropomorphic phantom.

Conclusions

Presented results raise a question of possible limits of dose distribution verification in assessment of plan delivery quality. Consequently, good results obtained using standard patient specific dosimetry methodology do not guarantee the accuracy of delivered dose distribution in real clinical cases.
PEMANFAATAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN ICT SEBAGAI KEGIATAN PEMBELAJARAN SISWA DI SMP NEGERI ACEH TAMIANG
Authors: Nursamsu Nursamsu , Kusnafizal Teuku
Published: July 2018

Abstrak. Tujuan  dilakukannya  penelitian  tentang  Pemanfaatan  Media Pembelajaran ICT sebagai Kegiatan Pembelajaran Siswa di SMP Negeri Aceh Tamiang adalah Untuk  mengetahui  perbedaan dalam pemanfaatan Media Pembelajaran ICT. Metode  yang  digunakan dalam  penelitian  ini  adalah  metode eksperimen  yaitu  True  Experimental Design Sampel penelitian berjumlah siswa sebanyak 44 orang siswa. Instrumen  yang  digunakan  yaitu instrumen tes. Instrumen  tes berupa tes kemampuan kognitif siswa (hasil belajar ) mata pelajaran  IPA.  Adapun teknik  analisis  data  yaitu  dilakukan  uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, uji beda, uji-t. Hasil penelitian ini adalah nilai 72,60 yang dimanfaatkan pada SMP Negeri 1 Manyak Panyed sedangkan nilai 66,92 yang dimanfaatkan pada SMP Negeri 2 Karang Baru. Adapun kesimpulan penelitian ini bahwa pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang memanfaatkan media pembelajaran ICT, sering dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 1 Manyak Panyed dari pada SMP Negeri 2 Karang Baru.Kata Kunci: Pemanfaatan, Media ICT, Pembelajaran IPA.
PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH (PBM) PADA MATERI TERMODINAMIKA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF DAN KEMAMPUAN KREATIF (KREATIVITAS) MAHASISWA FTK UIN AR-RANIRY BANDA ACEH
Authors: Rusydi Rusydi
Published: July 2018

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan kognitif dan kreatif mahasiswa FTK UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh pada materi termodinamika yang mendapatkan penerapan pembelajaran berbasis masalah (PBM). Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa Prodi Fisika yang mengambil mata kuliah termodinamika semester genap 2013/2014. Sampel adalah dua kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen. Pengumpulan data kemampuan kognitif dilakukan dengan pretest dan posttest untuk mengetahui kemampuan kognitif mahasiswa, dan angket di awal dan di akhir pembelajaran untuk mengetahui tingkat kemampuan kreatif mahasiswa. Hasil uji normalitas dan homogenitas dengan menggunakan pogram Proanaltes menunjukkan bahwa data berdistribusi normal dan homogen. Kemampuan kognitif mahasiswa kelas kontrol diperoleh N-gain total rata-rata sebanyak 80%, kategori rendah, 20% kategori tinggi. Adapun di kelas ekperimen N-gain total rata-rata diperoleh sebanyak 36%  ketagori rendah, 52% kategori sedang, dan 12% kategori tinggi. Kemampuan mahasiswa kelas kontrol N-gain rata-rata kreativitas untuk masing-masing indiktor kreatif, untuk kelancaran sebanyak 6,84%, keluesan  13,55 %,  elaborasi 11,39%, dan originalitas 2,32%. Kelas eksperimen N-gain rata-rata kreativitas masing-masing indiktor kreatif, utntuk kelancaran sebanyak 47%, keluesan  56%, elaborasi 35%, dan originalitas 45%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelas kontrol dengan kelas eksperimen terhadap kemampuan kognitif dan kreatif mahasiswa. Kemampuan mahasiswa meningkat secara signifikan pada kelas ekperimen untuk setiap indikator ranah kognitif dibandingkan kelas kontrol. Sama halnya pada peningkatan kemampuan kreatif yang meningkat untuk setiap indikator  di kelas eksperimen dibandingkan kelas kontrol. Dapat disimpulkan adanya peningkatan kemampuan kognitif dan kemampuan kreatif mahasiswa yang mendapat  PBM pada materi termodinamika di FTK UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh.Kata Kunci: Kemampuan kognitif, kreativitas, PBM
DESAIN PENUNTUN PRAKTIKUM KIMIA BERBASIS BAHAN ALAM
Authors: Mastura Mastura , Mauliza Mauliza , Nurhafidhah Nurhafidhah
Published: July 2018

Abstrak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk (1) mendesain penuntun praktikum kimia SMA berbasis bahan alam, dan (2) mengetahui kelayakan penuntun praktikum kimia SMA berbasis bahan alam. Adapun penelitian ini menggunakan metode research and development (R D) dengan pendekatan kualitatif dekskriptif. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kota Langsa dengan melibatkan tiga SMA Negeri yang ada di kota tersebut yaitu, SMA Negeri 2, SMA Negeri 3, dan SMA Negeri 4 Langsa. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh melalui teknik pengumpulan data dokumentasi, wawancara, dan angket. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan rumus persentase dan diinterpretasikan untuk mengetahui validitas dan kelayakan penuntun praktikum kimia SMA berbasis bahan alam. Penelitian ini menghasilkan produk tepat guna berupa penuntun praktikum kimia SMA berbasis bahan alam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penuntun praktikum kimia SMA berbasis bahan alam yang telah didesain valid dan layak digunakan siswa SMA kelas XI. Persentase skor validitas diperoleh 72,3% dan persentase skor kelayakan diperoleh 72,7%. Hasil penelitian ini bermanfaat untuk menambah pengetahuan dan pengalaman tentang desain penuntun praktikum kimia, sebagai dasar untuk penelitian lebih lanjut untuk meningkatkan dan menambah wawasan bagi peneliti dalam mengembangkan ilmu pendidikan khususnya bagi guru mata pelajaran kimia.Kata Kunci: Penuntun Praktikum, Bahan Alam, Kimia, Kurikulum 2013 Abstract. The purpose of this research is to (1) design the guidance of chemistry practicum for SMA, and (2) to know the feasibility of guidance of chemistry based on natural materials for SMA. The research uses research and development (R D) method with qualitative approach dekskriptif. This research was conducted in Langsa City involving three SMA Negeri that exist in the city that is, SMA Negeri 2, SMA Negeri 3, and SMA Negeri 4 Langsa. The data in this study is obtained through data collection techniques documentation, interviews, and questionnaires. The data analysis technique is done by using percentage formula and interpreted to know the validity and feasibility of guidance of chemistry based on natural materials for SMA. This research produces the right product in the form of guidance of chemistry based on natural materials for SMA. The results showed that the guides of chemistry labs of high school based on natural materials that have been designed valid and proper use of high school students class XI. The percentage of validity score was obtained 72.3% and the percentage of eligibility score was 72.7%. The results of this research is useful to increase knowledge and experience about the chemistry lab design guide, as a basis for further research to increase and increase insight for researchers in developing science education especially for chemistry subject teachers.Keywords: Practical Guide, Natural Materials, Chemistry, Curriculum 2013
VARIABEL MAKRO EKONOMI DAN NON PERFORMING LOAN: BUKTI EMPIRIS DARI BANK UMUM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Amri Amri , Harianti Rahma
Published: July 2018

This study is aimed at empirically explores the effect of macroeconomic variables i.e., economic growth, interest rate and the Corruption Perception Index (CPI) on the Non-Performing Loans (NPL) of the commercial banks in Indonesia. An annually data from the years 2003 to 2014 were analysed using the multiple regression model. The study documented that: (i) the economic growth has insignificant effect on the Non-Performing Loans (NPL); (ii) the CPI has a negative significant influence on the Non-Performing Loans; and (iii) the interest rate has a positive significant influence on the Non -Performing Loans (NPL). This findings implied that the central bank of Indonesia (Bank Indonesia) and the government should design together the economic policies and regulations that could prevent increasing in the Non-Performing Loans (NPL) of the commercial banks in the country.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengaruh variabel makroekonomi yaitu pertumbuhan ekonomi, tingkat suku bunga dan Indeks Persepsi Korupsi (CPI) terhadapkredit macet (NPL) bank- bank komersial di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan adalah tahunan dari tahun 2003-2014 yang dianalisis menggunakan model regresi berganda. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa: (i) pertumbuhan ekonomi tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan pada Kredit Macet; (ii) CPI memiliki pengaruh signifikan negatif pada Kredit Macet; dan (iii) tingkat suku bunga memiliki pengaruh signifikan positif terhadap Kredit Macet. Temuan ini menyiratkan bahwa bank sentral (Bank Indonesia) dan pemerintah harus merancang bersama-sama kebijakan ekonomi dan peraturan yang bisa mencegah peningkatan kredit macet bank-bank komersial di Indonesia.
EKSPEKTASI RASIONAL: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE
Authors: Noviar Helmi
Published: July 2018

This article discusses the rational expectations theory in the perspective of the appearance process and its contribution to economic thought in terms of the science and its application on the economy. The methodology in writing this paper is through literature review, generally taken from journal articles which examine from two viewpoints: from economists who initiated and supported the concept of this theory and those who opposed it. Furthermore, it also discuss about its application, particularly in terms of future economic studies. As part of the New Classical Economics, the theory pioneered by Robert E. Lucas, Jr. along with Thomas J. Sargent has provided a great contribution of empirical and multifaceted approaches, which provides a compilation of the results of the study and generalization theory by numerous macroeconomist and econometrician in Rational Expectations and Econometric Practice (1981), it quite influential on level of academic and applied economics. In other words, the rational expectation revolution is one of the important components in modern economic theory, the New Classical Economics and New Keynesian Economics.Artikel ini membahas teori ekspektasi rasional dalam perspektif proses munculnya teori ini dan kontribusinya terhadap paham pemikiran ekonomi baik dari sisi ilmu pengetahuan maupun aplikasinya dalam suatu perekonomian. Metodologi penulisan artikel ini melalui review literatur dari sumber jurnal dengan memisahkan dua sudut pandang terhadap teori rasional ekspektasi: dari sisi ekonom yang menggagas dan mendukung konsep teori ini dan yang bertentangan. Selanjutnya, dalam artikel ini juga membahas aplikasi teori ini dalam studi-studi ekonomi di masa mendatang. Sebagai bagian dari paham ekonomi klasik baru, teori yang diinisiasi oleh Robert E. Lucas, Jr. bersamaThomas J. Sargent melahirkan karya kumpulan artikel dari beberapa ahli ekonomi makro dan ekonometrika dalam Rational Expectations and Econometric Practice (1981) yang cukup berpengaruh pada tataran akademis dan aplikasi ilmu ekonomi. Dengan perkataan lain, revolusi ekspektasi rasional, merupakan salah satu komponen penting dalam teori ekonomi modern seperti halnya paham Ekonomi Keynesian baru dan Ekonomi klasik baru.
PERILAKU KONSUMSI ISLAM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Sitepu Novi Indriyani
Published: July 2018

This study aims to analyze the urgency of consumption in the economy and the implementation of Islamic values in public consumption behavior. The data used was time series data to food consumption on Indonesian from year 2011 to 2014. The analysis was conducted with qualitative method using the analysis techniques library research, are deskriptive analysis. The result shows that consumptive behavior becomes a habit Indonesian society, so the community income mostly just for consumption. Islam provides a solution that balanced consumption behavior that is not tabdjir and not ishraf.Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tentang urgensi konsumsi dalam perekonomian dan implementasi nilai Islam pada perilaku konsumsi masyarakat. Data yang digunakan adalah data seri waktu (time series) terhadap konsumsi makanan di Indonesia dari tahun 2011 sampai dengan 2014. Analisis dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan tekhnik analisis library research yang bersifat deskriptif analisis. Hasil-hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Perilaku konsumtif menjadi kebiasaan masyarakat Indonesia, sehingga penghasilan masyarakat sebagian besar hanya untuk konsumsi. Islam menawarkan pola konsumsi yang seimbang yaitu tidak tabdjir dan tidak ishraf.
EFEKTIFITAS KEBIJAKAN MAKROPRUDENSIAL PERBANKAN DAN PENYALURAN KREDIT DI ACEH
Authors: Qudraty Meutia , Suriani Suriani
Published: July 2018

The purpose of the research is to analyze macroprudensial policy set by Bank Indonesia through an instrument Loan to Value (LTV), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) against credit commercial banks in Aceh Province as GDP as controller variable. This research use statistic descriptive model as means of the analysis where data used the total LTV, total LDR, the total credits and the total Non Performing Loans and GDP of Aceh in quarterly since 2011 until 2014. The result showed that policy instruments macroprudensia set by the central bank influence total credit commercial banks in Aceh Province, so it can reduce the risk of Non Performing Loan (NPL). Hence, expected Bank Indonesia must consider and evaluate this situasion has given makroprudensial which give impact greater against credit in Aceh Province. To Further Research, suggested to add CAR (Capital Adequacy Ratio) and Reserve Requirement (GWM) as variable that might affect performance commercial banks in Aceh ProvincePenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektifitas kebijakan makroprudensial yang ditetapkan oleh Bank Indonesia (BI) yaitu melalui instrumen Loan to Value (LTV), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) terhadap penyaluran kredit bank umum di Aceh dengan PDRB Aceh sebagai variabel pengontrol. Penelitian ini menggunakan model statistik deskriptif sebagai alat analisisnya dimana data yang digunakan yaitu total LTV, total LDR, total kredit, total NPL dan PDRB Aceh dalam kuartalan sejak tahun 2011 hingga 2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, instrumen kebijakan makroprudensial yang ditetapkan oleh BI memengaruhi total penyaluran kredit bank umum di Aceh sehingga bank umum di Aceh sehingga dapat mengurangi risiko kredit bermasalah (Non Performing Loan). Namun, Bank Indonesia harus memperhatikan dan mengevaluasi keadaan tersebut dengan melihat instrumen makroprudensial yang mana memberikan pengaruh paling besar terhadap penyaluran kredit di Provinsi Aceh. Untuk penelitian selanjutnya, disarankan untuk menambahkan CAR (Capital Adequacy Ratio) dan GWM (Giro Wajib Minimum) sebagai variabel-variabel yang dapat memengaruhi kinerja bank-bank umum di Aceh.