bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El neoinstitucionalismo y la revalorización de las instituciones
Authors: Rivas Leone José Antonio
Published: June 2024

Nos proponemos abordar la discusión que en estos últimos años se viene dando en la ciencia política alrededor del neoinstitucionalismo como una de las perspectivas que hoy en día, aparte de retomar y revalorizar el estudio y el papel de las instituciones, está produciendo importantes planteamientos en sus diversas aproximaciones (neoinstitucionalismo económico, sociológico y politológico) que vinculan actitudes, racionalidad, actores y motivaciones con estructuras sociales, políticas y económicas, partiendo de que las instituciones son una variable y, además, una forma de penetrar en la explicación política es a partir del análisis neoinstitucional como pueden incorporase dinámicamente otras variables con lo cual podamos explicar las dinámicas tanto de estabilidad como de cambio institucional.
Ciudadanía e igualdad social: la ecuación pendiente
Authors: Hopenhayn Martín
Published: June 2024

América Lfatina y el Caribe constituyen hoy "la clase media" del mundo, los latinoamericanos vivimos a medio camino entre el subdesarrollo y la sociedad de la información y el conocimiento.
Desde esta óptica es comprensible el fenómeno de múltiples paradojas que experimentan los países de la región; una muy importante de estas tensiones es el del ejercicio de la ciudadanía se define por la posesión del conjunto de derechos, y una sociedad de ciudadanos implica un limite a la coacción y a la desigualdad. Sin embargo y pese a las "cuentas pendientes" materia de igualdad de derechos sociales y oportunidades en los países de la región, emergen hoy nuevas formas de ciudadanía en sociedades de información, de gestión, de informatización y de conocimientos. En ellos la ciudadanía ya no se refiere sólo a disponer de derechos póliticos, civiles y sociales, sino también a participar en condiciones de mayor igualdad en el intercambio comunicativo, en el consumo cultural, en e manejo de la información y en el acceso a los espacios públicos.
Volatile gas scavenging in the paediatric intensive care unit: Occupational health and safety assessment
Authors: Reise Katherine , Macartney Jason , La Richard , Jerath Angela , Slessarev Marat , Cuthbertson Brian H. , Ganesan Saptharishi Lalgudi , McKinnon Nicole K.
Published: June 2024

Introduction

The use of volatile anesthetic agents in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is experiencing increased interest since the availability of the miniature vapourizing device. However, the effectiveness of scavenging systems in the presence of humidifiers in the ventilator circuit is unknown.

Approach (Methods)

We performed a bench study to evaluate the effectiveness of the Deltasorb® scavenging system in the presence of isoflurane and active humidity by simulating both infant and child ventilator test settings. A total of four ventilators were set to ventilate test lungs, all with active humidity and a Deltasorb scavenging canister collecting exhaled ventilation gas. Two ventilators also had isoflurane delivered using the Anesthesia Conserving Device- small (ACD®-S) on the inspiratory limb (also called alternative ventilator configuration). We performed instantaneous measurements of isoflurane and continuous sampling with passive badges to measure average environmental exposure over a test period of 6.5 hours. Scavenging canisters were returned to the company, where desorption analysis showed the volume of water and isoflurane captured in each canister.

Findings

Both instantaneous point sampling and diffusive sampling results were below the occupational exposure limit confirming safety. The canisters collected both isoflurane and a portion of the water vapour delivered; the percentage of captured water and isoflurane collected in infants was higher than the child ventilator test settings.

Practice implications (Conclusion)

The tested scavenging configuration was effective in maintaining a safe working environment with active humidity and inspiratory limb (alternative) ventilator configuration of the the miniature vapourizing device.
Lean Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Narrative Review
Authors: Elnashar Aboubakr
Published: June 2024

Objectives: (1) To delineate the differences between lean and obese polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). (2) To review different modalities for management of infertility associated with PCOS. Mechanism: Literature review of PubMed from 2000 to 2023. Findings in Brief: Body weight is more important than the Rotterdam phenotype in influencing the metabolic status. Both the lean and obese PCOS groups exhibit individual differences in body composition and other parameters: clinical signs, psychological, hormonal, metabolic, and genetic profiles. Lean PCOS differs from lean non-PCOS regarding metabolic profile, hepatic impairment, and cardiovascular risks. Management: lifestyle modifications serve as first-line therapy, emphasizing weight maintenance with a high caloric intake during breakfast and reduced intake at dinner. Additionally, micronutrients supplementation and resistance exercise are recommended. Induction of ovulation through the administration of as adjunctive therapies letrozole, clomiphene citrate, and metformin may be considered. Laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) may be considered in cases where medical induction of ovulation failed. Intrauterine insemination is associated with promising results. Assisted reproductive techniques (ART) are recommended for women who fail to conceive despite the restoration of ovulation, or when additional factors contribute to their infertility. Conclusions: A significant proportion of patients with PCOS exhibit normal body mass index (BMI). The management of PCOS-associated infertility should be individualized based on the patient’s BMI.
Bispecific Antibodies for Multiple Myeloma: Recent Advancements and Strategies for Increasing Their Efficacy
Authors: Wang Moran , Wang Chaofan , Deng Jun , Wang Huafang , Sun Chunyan , Luo Shanshan , Hu Yu
Published: June 2024

The treatment options for multiple myeloma (MM) have undergone significant transformation with the advent of immunotherapy. Novel therapies that focus on tumor antigens now drive advances in MM research. Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) leverage revolutionary advances in bioengineering techniques and embody the second generation of antibody-based tumor therapy. Recent studies on bsAbs in relapsed/refractory MM cases have revealed remarkable efficacy and acceptable safety profiles. The approval of elranatamab and teclistamab represents the next step in the development of bsAbs for the treatment of MM. This review article addresses the antigen targeting, efficacy, safety, and strategies in the application of bsAbs against treatment-resistant MM, with a focus on clinical trials and real-world data.
Dissecting Crucial Gene Markers Involved in HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma from RNA-Sequencing Data through Explainable Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Sekaran Karthik , Varghese Rinku Polachirakkal , Krishnan Sasikumar , Zayed Hatem , El Allali Achraf , Doss George Priya C
Published: June 2024

Background: The incidence rate of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) worldwide is alarming. In the clinical community, there is a pressing necessity to comprehend the etiology of the OPSCC to facilitate the administration of effective treatments. Methods: This study confers an integrative genomics approach for identifying key oncogenic drivers involved in the OPSCC pathogenesis. The dataset contains RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) samples of 46 Human papillomavirus-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and 25 normal Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty cases. The differential marker selection is performed between the groups with a log2FoldChange (FC) score of 2, adjusted p-value < 0.01, and screened 714 genes. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm selects the candidate gene subset, reducing the size to 73. The state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms are trained with the differentially expressed genes and candidate subsets of PSO. Results: The analysis of predictive models using Shapley Additive exPlanations revealed that seven genes significantly contribute to the model’s performance. These include ECT2, LAMC2, and DSG2, which predominantly influence differentiating between sample groups. They were followed in importance by FAT1, PLOD2, COL1A1, and PLAU. The Random Forest and Bayes Net algorithms also achieved perfect validation scores when using PSO features. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis, protein-protein interactions, and disease ontology mining revealed a significant association between these genes and the target condition. As indicated by Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAPs), the survival analysis of three key genes unveiled strong over-expression in the samples from “The Cancer Genome Atlas”. Conclusions: Our findings elucidate critical oncogenic drivers in OPSCC, offering vital insights for developing targeted therapies and enhancing understanding its pathogenesis.
Shifts in water supply and demand drive land cover change across Chile
Authors: Zambrano Francisco , Vrieling Anton , Meza Francisco , Duran-Llacer Iongel , Fernández Francisco , Venegas-González Alejandro , Raab Nicolas , Craven Dylan
Published: June 2024

Globally, droughts are becoming longer, more frequent and more severe, and their impacts are multidimensional. The impacts of droughts typically extend beyond the water balance as they accumulate over time, and can lead to regime shifts in land use. Here, we assess the effects of temporal changes in water supply and demand on vegetation productivity and land cover change over multiple time scales in continental Chile, which has experienced an extreme drought over the last 20 years. Across most of continental Chile, we found a persistent decreasing trend in water supply and an increasing trend in water demand since 1981, trends that intensify over longer time scales. This long-term decrease in water availability has led to a decrease in vegetation productivity, especially in central and southern Chile. Our models suggest that increasing drought severity has led to shifts in land use towards more drought-tolerant land cover types, such as shrublands. We also found evidence that shifts in land cover types may reveal how human perceptions of prolonged drought can indirectly lead to large-scale changes in land use. Our results suggest that long-term climate change may lead to regime shifts in land cover, which may be mitigated by context-specific adaptation strategies.
Research on the Science of Adult Learning: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Privitera Adam John , Ng Siew Hiang Sally , Chen SH Annabel
Published: June 2024

While learning is among the oldest and most widely-studied topics in the psychological sciences, equal attention has not been placed on all stages of human development. Specifically, while much is known about the Science of Learning in early life, comparatively less work has explored this topic during adulthood. Crucially, little is known about the extant body of research on the Science of Adult Learning, creating a gap in our understanding of publication trends, patterns of collaboration, and foundational themes in this area. To address this gap, we conducted a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of all published research on the Science of Adult Learning. Searches were conducted using the Web of Science Core Collection. Performance analysis and science mapping were performed to identify historic publication trends, productivity and influence metrics, patterns of collaboration, and foundational themes in this area of research. Findings from this work can support researchers interested in gaining an understanding of foundational themes in the Science of Adult Learning, as well as those interested in identifying potential collaborators or influential journals for dissemination of research findings. Results can also support policymakers in the identification of influential experts who can inform decisions on research priorities in the Science of Adult Learning.
Peak Alpha Frequency is linked to visual temporal attention in 6-month-olds
Authors: Arioli Martina , Mattersberger Matteo , Hoehl Stefanie , Brzozowska Alicja
Published: June 2024

The temporal resolution of adults' visual attention has been linked to the frequency of alpha-band oscillations in electroencephalogram (EEG) signal, with higher Peak Alpha Frequency (PAF) being associated with better visual temporal processing skills. However, relatively less is known about neural mechanisms underlying individual differences in the temporal resolution of visual attention in infancy. This study investigated the role of PAF in visual temporal processing in early infancy. In a sample of 6-month-old infants (n = 62) we examined the relationship between PAF extracted from resting-state EEG, and saccadic latencies in a predictive cueing task where the appearance of a reward was predicted by higher or lower frequency of two flickering objects. Results showed that higher PAF was associated with shorter saccadic latencies in a condition with higher differences between the two flickering frequencies, speaking for the involvement of PAF in visual temporal attention in early development. Additionally, we found that infants were generally faster to orient to the reward in trials where both peripheral stimuli were flickering at relatively lower frequencies, roughly corresponding to the theta frequency band. Our findings support theoretical accounts highlighting the role of PAF in visual attention processing and extend this framework to early infancy.
Proposing the DN(C)-model of material evidence for well-calibrated claims about past cultures
Authors: Grüning David Joachim , Grüning Lukas Jan
Published: June 2024

Stibbard-Hawkes presents a much-needed case for distinguishing between different types of evidence for cognition in past cultures. However, he does not outline an applicable approach for moving forward in making claims about the cognition of past cultures. We present an initial model for calibrating both absolute and comparative claims about past cultures' cognition and other traits.
Evaluation of the National Student Funding Aid Scheme (NSFAS) Policy in South African Universities: Implications and Challenges
Authors: Matyana Mandisi
Published: June 2024

University education is regarded as the cornerstone of one’s development and transformation, and also for the state. The importance of financial support for a student to acquire university education cannot be ignored. In South Africa, the government offers a couple of funding schemes to support students who persuade their university studies. These include NSFAS, Funza Lushaka Bursary, National Research Foundation funds, etc. These funding schemes can fund students at different levels of study within universities, at undergraduate and post-graduate level. However, this study primarily looks at evaluating the NSFAS policy within South African universities with the aim of investigating the implications and challenges encountered. The study adopts secondary data to achieve its objective. Existing literature is consulted, particularly the scholarly published articles, journals, and published reports. Findings of the study prove that even though the NSFAS policy is doing good to support the poor students who need this funding scheme, however, there are some challenges that are constraining its success such as corruption, poor management, etc. The study recommends a couple of strategies to overcome these issues. The study recommends a constant review and monitoring of the NSFAS policy and its implementation, the appointment of competent and dedicated employees from the national government up to the university level, finding innovative ways of fighting money leakages.
Preparation and Preservation of Fracture Specimens
Authors: Kane William M.
Published: June 2024

This article discusses the importance of the care and handling of fracture specimens and what to look for during the preliminary field or laboratory observation and collection, the preservation of specimens, and the cleaning and preparation of fracture specimens for additional analyses. The preservation of nonmetallic specimens, medical devices, oversized components, light alloys, nondestructively tested components, and materials that are part of legal proceedings is addressed.
Fatigue Crack Growth Markers to Aid Quantitative Fractography
Authors: Barter Simon A. , Wanhill Russell J.H.
Published: June 2024

This article discusses several examples of fatigue load histories that intentionally create artificial fracture-surface markings during testing such that they are measurable by post-test quantitative fractography (QF). It reviews a number of methods for providing fatigue fracture-surface markers to aid QF of fatigue crack growth (FCG). These methods are based on load changes, including reordering the basic load histories and/or adding loads to them. The article also provides some guidelines for obtaining recognizable FCG markers for a variety of load histories and crack-growth regimes for coupons, components, and, particularly, full-scale fatigue tests.
Waste Assessment of 1.275 MWP PV Plant: Case of Northern Cyprus
Authors: Cellatoğlu Baytın Nemika
Published: June 2024

PV technologies gained significant importance during the last 2 decades by providing clean and renewable electricity. However, PV panels complete their operational life in 25-30 years and transform into hazardous waste for both human health and environment. Management of PV Waste is an important environmental issue which requires a detailed inventory of the PV Waste. In this study, the PV Waste inventory of 1.275 MWP PV Plant installed in Serhatköy Region of Northern Cyprus, on May 2011, is investigated. Results showed that, this plant will complete its operational lifetime in 13-18 years and generate the first bulk PV Waste in Northern Cyprus. Inventory analysis of the Serhatköy PV Plant revealed that 63476 kg of glass,16807 kg of aluminum, 9230 kg of steel, 6640 kg of EVA, 807 kg of silicon, and 746 kg of copper can be recycled and recovered. Also, this study revealed that Northern Cyprus can catch the PV Waste Management targets of the European Union with a down-cycling PV Waste Strategy.
New Formulas and New Bounds for the First and Second Zagreb Indices of Phenylenes
Authors: Eryaşar Elif , Öztürk Sözen Esra , Büyükköse Şerife
Published: June 2024

Graph theory is widely used to represent and analyze chemical structures. In addition, topological indices developed for graphs have a connection with the relationships of chemical structures such as physicochemical and bioactivity. Topological indices are widely used in QSPR-QSAR analysis and have found many applications in chemical graph theory. The oldest known degree-dependent topological indices are the first and second Zagreb indices. These indices have found wide application in chemical structures. Phenylenes containing aromatic and antiaromatic rings exhibit unique physicochemical properties and there is a wide variety of studies on phenylenes. In this article, we present some new formulas and lower bounds for the first and second Zagreb indices molecular structures of phenylenes. In addition, the BFS algorithm method, which is one of the graph algorithms, was used for the first time for the boundary study of chemical structures.
Biogenic Synthesis of Silver and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Aronia prunifolia Leaf Extract and Its Inhibitory Action Against Pathogenic Fungi
Authors: Mustafa Luau , Al-bayatı Ahmed Ismael Naqee , Albayati Dunya , Özkoç İbrahim
Published: June 2024

Because of the environment and abundant renewable resources, exploiting plant extracts to form metallic nanoparticles has become a promising alternative to chemical and physical methods. Numerous studies have shown that nanoparticles of silver (AgNPs) and iron oxide (Fe2O3NPs) have inhibitory effects against pathogenic fungi. In this study, we used the leaf extract of Aronia prunifolia to generate biogenic AgNPs and FeNPs, aiming to demonstrate the impact of nanoparticles on pathogenic fungi. Nanoparticles are characterized by UV-Vis, X-ray diffraction, EDX spectrum, and SEM techniques. Leaf extracts used for nanosynthesis yielded silver and iron oxide nanoparticles with distinct color changes and absorption peaks, showcasing tetragonal, pentagonal, and hexagonal shapes (15-50 nm) for silver and spherical morphology (16-60 nm) for iron oxide. The antifungal effectiveness of nanoparticles against Aspergillus fumigatus, Rhizoctonia solani Ag4 HgII, and Aspergillus flavus was investigated using a well diffusion method. Inhibition zones, ranging from 12.5 to 35.0 mm for AgNPs and 7.1 to 17.1 mm for FeNPs at concentrations of 10 to 30 µg/ml respectively, demonstrated the superior inhibitory potential of AgNPs over FeNPs. This study aims to address a gap in the literature by examining the inhibitory effects of green AgNPs and FeNPs on pathogenic fungi. Encased nanoparticles can be very useful in treating fungal infections; this will be the first investigation into the production of nanoparticles from A. prunifolia leaves.
Optimization of Spray Characteristics of Full Cone Nozzles Used in Pesticide Application Using the Taguchi Method
Authors: Karabey Altuğ , Tanış Mehmet
Published: June 2024

The present study aims to reduce the amount of pesticide that can be released into environment, soil, air, and water by minimizing the type of nozzle and the use of excess pesticides by making use of the Taguchi method. For this purpose, studies were carried out to determine the spray characteristics of the pesticide. The sodium fluorescein was used in the experiments. In this study, the effects of the nozzle-to-surface distance (spray height), spray pressure, nozzle orifice diameter, and nozzle position angle on the droplet diameter and flow characteristics were investigated using the Taguchi method. The mean diameter values were determined first. Then, the volumetric median diameter (VMD) was considered as performance parameter and L9(34) orthogonal sequence was chosen as the experimental plan for four parameters that were determined. Calculating the VMD considered as the performance characteristics, optimum results were obtained using 6 bar spray pressure, 100 mm spray height, 30o nozzle position angle, and 1.10 mm nozzle orifice diameter. The VMD values were calculated using the image processing method and the effects of the parameters on the droplet diameter were interpreted using charts.
Düzlemsel Hareket Altında Bazı Özel Eğri Tiplerine En Az Eylem İlkesinin Uygulanması
Authors: Soylu Serdar , Korkmaz Usta Elvan
Published: June 2024

Bu çalışma dört bölümden oluşmaktadır. Çalışmanın giriş bölümünde literatür özeti verilip ikinci bölümde bazı özel sikloid tipi eğri tanımları verilmiş ve en az eylem ilkesi ifade edilmiştir. Çalışmanın orijinal kısmı üçüncü bölümdür. Bu bölümde öncelikle kapalı düzlemsel hareket altında özel sikloid tipi eğriler ifade edilmiş ve bu eğrilere en az eylem ilkesi uygulanmıştır. Eğrilerin minimal eylem noktalarının hesaplanabilmesi için hareketli düzlemin noktalarının enerjileri hesaplanmıştır.
Antalya, İzmir ve İzmit Körfezlerinin Sedimentlerinde Ağır Metal Birikiminin Mevsimsel Olarak İncelenmesi
Authors: Pınar Ersan Oğuzhan , Türkmen Mustafa
Published: June 2024

Bu çalışmada Antalya, İzmir ve İzmit körfezi olarak seçilen üç örnekleme noktasında çevresel kirlilik seviyelerinin ölçülmesi için 4 mevsim alınan sediment örneklerinin ağır metal içerikleri analiz edilmiştir. Sedimentlerde ağır metal kirlilik seviyelerini belirleme analizlerinde ise Cu, Cd, Zn, Cr, Ni ve Pb ağır metal konsantrasyonları sediment kalite kılavuzu (SQG) değerlerine göre ppm olarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Değerlendirme sonuçlarına göre kurşun (Pb), çinko (Zn) ve kadmiyum (Cd) konsantrasyonlarının tüm körfezlerde ve tüm mevsimlerde sınır değerlerin altında kaldığı ölçülmüştür. Körfezleri kirlilik bakımından en yüksek derecede etkileyen ağır metaller, sediment kalite kılavuzuna göre belirlenmiş olan TEL (eşik etki seviyesi), LEL (en düşük etki seviyesi) ve MET (minimum etki eşiği) etki seviyeleri ile karşılaştırıldığında; Ni, Cr ve Cu olarak belirlenmiş olup, özellikle bu ağır metallerin bazı sediment ortamlarındaki konsantrasyonları kabul edilen belirli kirlilik kriter seviyelerinin çok üzerinde olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Farklı Baskı Açıları ve Dolgu Oranlarında Üretilen Polilaktik Asit Plakalarla Birleştirilmiş Yapıştırma Bağlantılarının Deneysel Analizi
Authors: Gültekin Kürşat , Özakın Batuhan , Yüksel Furkan , Danışmaz Emircan
Published: June 2024

Sunulan çalışmada, farklı baskı açıları ve dolgu oranlarında üretilmiş PLA bağlantı numuneleriyle üretilmiş yapıştırma bağlantılarında bindirme uzunluğunun hasar davranışı üzerine etkisi deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın motivasyonu doğrultusunda, iki farklı açıda (0° ve 45°) ve iki farklı dolgu oranında (%100 ve %75) PLA numuneler üretilmiştir. Üretilen numuneler kullanılarak 12,5 mm, 25 mm ve 37,5 mm bindirme uzunluğuna sahip tek tesirli bağlantı numuneleri üretilmiştir. Farklı açı ve dolgu oranlarında üretilen bulk PLA numunelerin mekanik özellikleri ASTM D638 standardına uygun olarak çekme testi ile belirlenmiştir. Üretilen bağlantı numunelerinin mekanik özellikleri ise ASTM D1002 standardı dikkate alınarak belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde, dolgu oranı ve baskı açısının bulk numunelerin mekanik özellikleri üzerine önemli etkisinin olduğunu, bu doğrultuda üretilen bağlantı numunelerinin hasar yüklerinin de dolgu oranı ve baskı açısına bağlı olarak değiştiği gözlemlenmiştir. 0° ve 45° baskı açılarında üretilen bulk numunelerde doluluk oranının %75’den %100’e çıkmasıyla çekme dayanımlarının sırasıyla yaklaşık %6,3 ve %7,4 oranında arttığı belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, bindirme uzunluğunun artması ile hasar yükünün arttığı deneysel çalışmalardan belirlenmiştir. 0° baskı açısı ve %100 doluluk oranında PLA numuneler kullanılarak üretilen bağlantı numunelerinde, bindirme uzunluğu 12,5 mm’den 25 ve 37,5 mm’ye artmasıyla bağlantıların hasar yüklerinin sırasıyla yaklaşık %56 ve %117 oranında arttığı belirlenmiştir.
Physicochemical Properties of Different Melon Seed Oils Dried at Different Temperatures
Authors: Sarı H. Ayla , Otağ Mustafa
Published: June 2024

In this study, the effect of the drying process on the quality of oils obtained from different melon seeds was investigated. The seeds of two different melon varieties (Kırkağaç, Hasanbey) were separated and dried in the oven at different temperatures (30, 50 and 70 °C). Moisture, 1000 grain weight, width, length, thickness, oil yield, free fatty acidity, peroxide value, color values (L*, a*, b*), and total phenolic substance amounts and fatty acid composition were examined. The average of initial moisture values was 6.42% and 5.48%. The drying process was carried out until the moisture rate of melon seeds reached 1%. The average of most values of the cores varied from 4.55-5.16 mm, length 12.82-13.18 mm, thickness 1.21-1.38 mm and 1000 grain weights varied from 52.40-45.70 g. The amount of total phenolic substances of Kırkağaç melon seed oil was found in the range of 584-691 mg GAE /kg, and Hasanbey melon seed oil in the range 780-840 mgGAE / kg. The amount of total phenolic substance decreased with the applied heat treatment. The peroxide values of the oil obtained from Kırkağaç and Hasanbey beans in terms of meqO2 / kg varied between 6.9-8.4 and 7.2-9.1, respectively. The highest peroxide value was observed in oil obtained from beans dried at 70°C in both varieties. It has been observed that oleic and palmitic acids are also followed by linoleic acid compared to fatty acid composition compared to other fatty acids. According to the results obtained, it was determined that the most effective drying temperature was 50°C in terms of efficiency and quality.
Formation of a new model of election to the post of Commissioner for Human Rights in the Republic of Kazakhstan: problems and prospects
Authors:   Karaganda Buketov University, Issabekova V.S. , Zalesny J. ,   University of Warsaw
Published: June 2024

This paper investigates the critical aspects of electing and nominating candidates for the role of Hu-man Rights Commissioner in the Republic of Kazakhstan, providing an in-depth analysis of how the existing ombudsman framework functions within the nation. Furthermore, the research highlights the significance of adopting a method that allows for the nomination of multiple candidates during the ombudsman election process. Throughout this research, various legislative documents from CIS countries, national laws, and international legal frameworks that define the ombudsman's legal status were meticulously examined. An examination of international practices in electing Human Rights Commissioners reveals that the methodologies employed in Kazakhstani legislation are somewhat re-stricted, suggesting that broadening the pool of eligible candidates could enhance the election process for a Human Rights Commissioner. The study suggestssolutions for addressing deficiencies in the national legal framework concerning the election process by the competent authority. Recommenda-tions are made for amending legislative provisions to embrace the fundamental democratic tenet of having alternatives and to align national laws with international norms.
Legal aspects of investment facilitation of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization member states
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh NationalUniversity, Sairambaeva Zh.T. , Ju Zhang ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh NationalUniversity
Published: June 2024

One of the main goals of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is to implement economic and trade cooperation on the basis of equal partnership. Frequent eventson economic and trade cooperation between the SCO member states not only contribute to the process of trade and investment facilitation, but also put forward higher requirements for the simplification of investment procedures in the economy and trade. The“Declaration on the Establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization proposed to start negotiations on the simplification of investment procedures, the “Charter of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization” facil-itated the process of simplifying investment procedures, and the signing of memoranda and protocols, etc. jointly contributed to the simplification of investment procedures in the form of soft laws. However, the main content of the SCO investment facilitation is reflected in international soft law documents. The lack of simpli-fication of procedures at the stage of access to investments and the inability of the existing mechanism for settlement of investment disputes to meet the needs of the SCO limit the development of economic and trade cooperation of the SCO. Therefore, it is recommended to draw lessons from the experience of facilitating simplification of procedures, according to which member States should review or negotiate bilateral invest-ment treaties, gradually introduce a model of a preliminary national regime plus a negative list, create a mechanism for resolving SCO investment disputes and support the establishment of SCO economic and trade cooperation
The importance of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the mechanism of the state: constitutional and legal aspects
Authors:   «Astana»International University, Amandykova S.K. , Kozhakhmetova S.G. ,   «Astana»International University
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this article is to consider the role and place of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the mechanism of the state. In the course of the study, they are revealed when study-ing one of the elements of the legal status ― “principles of organization and activity, relationship with other government bodies”. For this purpose, the basic terms of “branches of power”, “constitu-tionality”, etc. are revealed. A special feature of the work is the analysis of scientific works and con-stitutional norms on the creation of the Constitutional Court in theRepublic of Kazakhstan. The au-thors of the article analyzed the scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists on this issue, iden-tified the advantages and disadvantages of the element of the legal status of “interaction of the Consti-tutional Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan with other government bodies”. The following methods were used in the work: historical, dialectical methods, formal and legal method (legal dogmatics) and comparative method (comparative legal). Based on the results of the scientific search and the scien-tific analysis, the authors proposed conclusions and proposals: on the need to classify the Constitu-tional Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan (2023) into a separate (independent) branch of govern-ment ― the constitutional controlbranch. It is also proposed to determine the legal status of the Con-stitutional Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan (2023) by enshrining it in the relevant article (Arti-cle1) of the Constitutional Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan” dated 05.11.22. To strengthen the legal status and place of the Constitution-al Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the state mechanism a number of other suggestions are also given
Alcoholic Hepatitis
Authors: Haider Rehan
Published: June 2024

Alcoholic hepatitis is a serious liver condition characterized by inflammation and liver damage caused by excessive alcohol consumption. This condition represents a significant health concern worldwide as it can progress to more severe liver diseases, including cirrhosis and liver failure. This abstract provides an overview of alcoholic hepatitis, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Long-term alcohol consumption is the primary cause of alcoholic hepatitis. When alcohol is metabolized in the liver, it generates toxic byproducts that can lead to inflammation and cellular damage. Over time, repeated episodes of damage can result in alcoholic hepatitis. Patients with this condition may present with various symptoms including jaundice, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and an enlarged liver. Diagnosis of alcoholic hepatitis typically involves a combination of medical history assessment, physical examination, blood tests, and imaging studies. Elevated levels of liver enzymes, such as AST and ALT, are common laboratory findings. A liver biopsy may be required to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of liver damage. Treatment of alcoholic hepatitis primarily focuses on alcohol cessation, which is essential to prevent further liver damage and improve the chances of recovery. Supportive care, such as nutritional supplementation and the management of complications, is also essential. Hospitalization may be necessary for severe cases. The prognosis varies depending on the severity of the condition and the patient's response to treatment. Complete abstinence from alcohol significantly improves the chances of recovery; however, some individuals may progress to advanced liver disease or even liver failure. Liver transplantation may be considered for those with end-stage liver disease. key words Alcoholic hepatitis Liver inflammation Excessive alcohol consumption Liver damage Cirrhosis Liver failure Symptoms Jaundice Abdominal pain Nausea Vomiting Fever Enlarged liver Diagnosis Liver enzymes AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase) ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase) Liver biopsy Treatment Alcohol cessation.
Description of Endometrial Cancer Epidemiology at Sabratha National Cancer Institute, Western Libya: A 3-Year Data Analysis
Authors: Elsayed Azab Azab
Published: June 2024

Background: Endometrial cancer is the sixth most common cancer in women worldwide and the most frequent gynecological cancer in developed countries. Endometrial cancer mortality rates are high in low- and middle-income countries. Objectives: The current study aims to provide valuable insights into the epidemiology of endometrial cancer at Sabartha cancer institute over three-years periods, with the goal of identifying trends, risk factors, and potential areas for intervention. Methodology: This study is descriptive study, using data which were collected from the all primary endometrial cancers that were diagnosed or treated in the Sabratha National Cancer Institute,Western Libya. The data were collected by hospital cancer registry from 2020 to 2022. The demographic and clinical features of the patients were abstracted included registration number, age, parity, place of residence, family history, and past medical history. Descriptive statistics in form of percentage with 95% CI was used to explain distribution of cancer cases by study variables. The data was compared using Chi-Square using SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26. Results: The results showed that over three years period, 82 confirmed cases of endometrial cancer were registered at Sabratha National Cancer Institute. The average age of cases was 57 years. Analysis of the cases by the age group showed that about 21% of cases were from 46-55years group while over 64% were aged above 50 years. Almost of cases (25%) came from Tripoli while only 6% came from Sabratha which is the place of cancer institute. Analysis of study results by parity showed that both nulliparous women and parous women ( > 6 child) represent almost more than 50% of endometrial cancer cases during study period. Also, analysis of study results by family history of endometrial cancer showed that only 14% of cases had family history of the cancer. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the findings of this 3-year data analysis on endometrial cancer epidemiology provide valuable insights into the trends and patterns of this disease. The study highlights the importance of continued surveillance and research to better understand the risk factors, incidence rates, and outcomes associated with endometrial cancer. This information can help inform public health strategies, early detection efforts, and treatment approaches to improve patient outcomes and reduce the burden of this disease. Further research is needed to explore potential interventions and preventive measures that can address the growing impact of endometrial cancer on global health.
Comparison of Patients with Ultrasound Guided Tru-Cut Biopsy / Acid Cytology with Final Pathology Results from Patients Operated with Suspicious for Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Basak Tanoglu Fatma
Published: June 2024

Objective In women who are believed to have ovarian cancer but have poor performance status or have advanced disease believed to be beyond the scope of primary cytoreductive surgery, NACT can be given to patients with acid cytology and/or tru-cut biopsy referral. Our aim is to determine the accuracy, adequacy, safety and reliability of these minimally invasive interventional procedures. Material and Methods This is a retrospective analysis of 63 patients with a suspicioused of ovarian cancer in our hospital between 2014 and 2021, who underwent ultrasound-guided acid cytology and tru-cut biopsy, and also had postoperative final pathology results. Results Comparing acid cytology, tru-cut biopsy, acid cytology and tru-cut biopsy at the same time with the postoperative final pathology results, it was seen that the PPV was 100% in all groups. It was revealed that the sensitivity of acid cytology was 64%, the specificity was 100%, the NPV was 12%, and the accuracy of the test was 65%. The sensitivity of the tru-cut biopsy was 91%, the specificity was 100%, the NPV was 42%, and the accuracy of the test was 92%. In the case of both procedures, the sensitivity was calculated as 93% and the accuracy of the test was calculated as 93%. There were no false positive cytology and biopsy results that could lead to unnecessary NACT therapy in the study. Conclusion Minimally invasive procedures can be safely applied to patients with low adverse event and high accuracy rates, since they provide NACT in patients who are thought to be candidates for interval surgery.
Health Educational Interventions on BrCa Prevention in University Students: Literature Review
Authors: Mayra del Carmen Ortega-Jiménez
Published: June 2024

Breast Cancer (BrCa) is an uncontrolled and persistent cellular proliferation that arises in the lining cells of the ducts or lobes of the breast glandular tissue, and occurs mostly in women. The early prevention of BrCa in young populations, of both sexes, through educational health interventions, should be a priority, as it is a low-cost method that allows broad access. The university environment is an ideal place to provide this type of training. The present work shows the educational interventions in BrCa with a preventive nature carried out with university students. To this end, an integrative review of the articles published in the period 2018 to 2023 was carried out, in English, Spanish and Portuguese, and including both the female and male gender, in the following databases: PubMed, JENE, Scielo, EBSCO and in the Google academic search engine. The key words were used: breast cancer, educational interventions and universities; selecting a total of 10 items. Health education is shown as an important tool that is increasingly strengthened, as a method to transmit and solidify knowledge of promotion and prevention; however, it is necessary to strengthen interventions, clarifying their theoretical-methodological foundations and promoting development. of practical skills, through active methods. The findings confirm the importance of these interventions and outline the gaps in them, as paths to follow in order to prevent this pathology that is among the main causes of death, especially in women.
Book Review 'Methodology of Health Research
Authors: Iqbal Uqbah
Published: June 2024

Written by I Made Sudarma Adiputra, Ni Wayan Trisnadewi, Ni Putu Wiwik Oktaviani, Seri Asnawati Munthe, Victor Trismanjaya Hulu, Indah Budiastutik, Ahmad Faridi, Radeny Ramdany, Rosmauli Jerimia Fitriani, Putu Oky Ari Tania, Baiq Fitria Rahmiati, Sanya Anda Lusiana, Andi Susilawaty, Efendi Sianturi & Suryana, nowadays the health problems that occur are very complex and diverse, finding solutions to existing health problems is necessary for health research. Health research is carried out in order to address and solve problems that are often found in health world. Health research has two important goals, namely the first is to overcome or treat health problems or illnesses and diseases. Second to guard, maintain or improve the level of public health. This health research methodology book was prepared with the aim of assisting health workers in planning and conducting research. The authors hope that this book will be useful for readers and can contribute to the development of knowledge, especially in the health sector.
Consequences of Cybercrime Among Teenagers
Authors: Shahjahan Mohammad
Published: June 2024

Background: Cybercrime is common phenomenon at present both developed and developing countries. Young generation, especially teenagers now engaged internet frequently and they commit cybercrime frequently in Bangladesh. Objective: To assess consequences of cybercrime among teenagers was the motto of the study. Methods and tools: This study was a cross-sectional study, descriptive in nature. Non-probability accidental sampling technique has been applied to select the sample because of the nonfinite population and the sample size was 167. A printed semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Results: The study identified consequences of cybercrime on various aspects of individual and social life such as lack of trust and confidence hinders profitable transaction, economic loss, tarnishing the country reputation towards foreigners, denial of innocent Bangladeshi’s opportunity abroad, loss of life in various ways, inimical to the progress and development in the country, and favor of loss of employment. Respondents thought that social network users are the prime victims of cybercrime (92.8%). Moreover, financial institutions also another victim (82.6%) followed by mobile internet users (80.2%). About 80.2% said that criminals were always on the net, 82.0% told of spend money lavishly, 67.1% in favor of riding the best automobiles, 65.9% for date the most beautiful lady, 62.3% for mainly clubbers, 47.3% on indulged in religious activities and 45.5% in live like kings in the society. Conclusion: The study concluded that consequences of cybercrimes are alarming and increasing day by day. Finally, it is recommending that the private public partnership and execution of existing laws can be controlling this crime along with gray area of social media and net-work,
A NEW ALGORITHM FOR DIAGNOSING OBESITY BASED ON INDICATORS OF BODY COMPOSITION
Authors: Palamarchuk Olga S. , Leshko Myroslav M. , Klushyn Vladyslav O. , Lukashchuk Svitlana V. , Moroz Halyna I. , Feketa Volodymyr P.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. Body mass index (BMI), which is measured as the ratio of body weight to height squared, is one of the widely used criteria for classifying overweight and obesity. Despite its popularity, BMI is often criticized for not taking into account individual differences in body composition and fat distribution, which can lead to inaccuracies in the classification of the degree of obesity.
Aim. To develop and test a somatotype diagnostic algorithm based on the integration and comprehensive analysis of fat content, skeletal muscle mass, and fat distribution.
Materials and methods. The study was conducted on a group of 82 men with different indicators of BMI. A developed algorithm was used to diagnose somatotype, which included body fat index (IBF), limb muscle mass index (IASM), and waist circumference to height ratio (WHtR). The results were analyzed and classified according to the defined criteria.
Results. The proposed algorithm was tested on a sample of 82 examined men, who were divided into 2 groups depending on BMI. Thanks to our algorithm, it was possible to identify prognostically unfavorable somatotypes characterized by sarcopenia with a central type of fat distribution. These are F1S1C1 and F2S1C1 somatotypes, the total number of which was 9 examined (10.96% of the sample). Approbation of the algorithm was carried out on a group of examined men, confirmed its effectiveness and ability to detect different somatotypes, taking into account complex parameters of the body.
Conclusions. Our research algorithm turned out to be a useful tool for somatotype diagnosis, especially in cases where BMI may not accurately reflect the real state of health. Taking into account individual differences in body components such as fat content, skeletal muscle mass and fat distribution, we provide a more accurate classification of somatotype and the possibility of a more individualized approach to treatment and prevention.