bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FORMULAIC LANGUAGE OF TOURISM IN ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSE (EAP) COURSE BOOK: A CORPUS-DRIVEN APPROACH
Authors: Namaziandost Ehsan , Ziafar Meisam , Dwiniasih Dwiniasih
Published: May 2020

One approach to taking advantage of corpora in language teaching would be adding to a textbook through enriching it through employing corpus-based research. When it comes to using English for Academic Purposes (EAP) materials, the inclusion of corpora in teaching language becomes even more urgent. In the current study, the authors did their best to investigate and describe the presence of formulaic language in an EAP textbooks titled: English for international tourism: Pre-intermediate studentsâ€™ book written by Dubicka and Oâ€™keeffe (2003) through a case study, and corpus-driven method as a research methodology. Therefore, this study aims to investigate to what extent the EAP course book designed for tourism titled English for international tourism (EIT) is compatible with a corpus-driven formulaic approach. Findings show that this EAP textbook falls fairly short of presenting the necessary formulas as frequently employed in tourism English. Supplementing such materials with corpora and the formulaic they provide may boost the quality of EAP education and practice.
REPETITION TECHNIQUE IN AN EFL SPEAKING CLASS IN ISLAMIC HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDONESIA
Authors: Kuliahana Ana , Marzuki Abdul Gafur
Published: May 2020

This research aims at analysing the development of studentsâ€™ speaking skill in Islamic higher education in Indonesia through repetition technique. This is a CAR (Classroom Action Research) implemented in cyclical process, covering planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The subject of research was the fourth semester students of EFL speaking class which consist of 25 students. The data were obtained from observation checklist, field notes, questionnaire, and test. They were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. Quantitative data dealt with teaching-learning process, i.e. studentsâ€™ participation in the classroom activities. They were gained from studentsâ€™ achievement tests. The findings revealed that in cycle 1 there were twelve students who achieved minimum criteria of achievement. It means that the classical achievement was 48%. In cycle 2, it showed that there were twenty of students who achieved the minimum criteria of achievement. It means that the classical achievement was 80%. Both classical and individual achievements have met the criteria of success. It can be concluded that the repetition technique is proved to be useful to develop studentsâ€™ speaking skill.
ILLOCUTIONARY SPEECH ACTS ANALYSIS IN TOM CRUISE'S INTERVIEW
Authors: Haucsa Ghasella Makhpirokh , Marzuki Abdul Gafur , Alek Alek , Hidayat Didin Nuruddin
Published: May 2020

This study is an analysis of illocutionary speech acts performed in Tom Cruise's interview in promoting his movie. This study aims to describe the types as well as the functions of illocutionary speech acts performed by both the interviewer and the interviewee. Moreover, this study also describes the most and the least used illocutionary speech acts performed in the interview. This study uses qualitative method employing descriptive analysis design. The data source of this study is collected by downloading the video of the interview from YouTube. The data are observed and transcribed into written form. Furthermore, the data are categorized into some types of illocutionary speech acts. The result showed that there are four kinds of illocutionary speech acts which are performed in Tom Cruise's interview which are representative, commissive, directive, and expressive. Here, the representative speech acts was categorized as the most performed speech in that interview. The result of the present study showed that Tom Cruise tended to convey his utterance to give statements of fact or to describe things that he believed to be true. Meanwhile, the percentage of the most performed or the most used speech acts to the least one in Tom Cruise's interview is: representative (48.7%), expressive (38.5%), commissive (7.7%), directive (5.1%), and declarative (0%).
An Ethnographical Approach: Female Blogosphere In Turkey
Authors: SİM Melike Aslı
Published: May 2020

This paper is about the preliminary ethnographic fieldwork of a work-in progress conducted on the female blogging practices and the female blogosphere in Turkey, focusing specifically on how blogging reshapes women’s cultural and social environment. The study attempts to understand the role of blogging as a medium in women’s self-formation processes and explore how female bloggers construct their identities via online media representations and negotiate disclosure, fame and labor in an age of extreme self-display. Based on an anthropological approach, the study explores the spaces within which women seek “self-realization”, “publicity” and “employment opportunities” in the digital world, particularly, through the practice of blogging. Taking female blogosphere as a field, the study examines how blog production is manifested in Turkey, through the female bloggers’ struggle for hope. Preliminary research demonstrates that blogging acts as a medium of hope for many female bloggers. Given the heterogeneous nature of female blogosphere, experiencing this hope shows differences. At times, upper mobility opportunities are expected, but sometimes hope is realized to provide feelings like happiness, appreciation, self-realization and usefulness. Networking and socialization opportunities are also other motivations of bloggers. The aim of the study is to see how these women use blogging as a media practice to explain themselves in social media platforms. Thus, through the framework of hope (Hage 2004), relatability (Kanai 2019), fame and visibility notions, material formation of identities in this process, the nature of labor production in blogs as well as the construction of female subjectivities within celebrity culture will also be discussed.
КРИМІНАЛІСТИЧНА КЛАСИФІКАЦІЯ ЗЛОЧИНІВ ПРОТИ ЖУРНАЛІСТІВ
Authors: Коваленко А. В.
Published: May 2020

Статтю присвячено формуванню криміналістичної класифікації злочинів проти журналістів. Досліджено особливості кримінально-правової охорони професійної діяльності журналістів. Злочини проти журналістів класифіковано та згруповано за криміналістично значущими ознаками. Запропоновано класифікувати досліджувані посягання за способом впливу на потерпілого, за метою вчинення посягання та за ступенем суспільної небезпечності з виділенням в окрему категорію складів, які перейдуть до категорії кримі-нальних проступків. Встановлено, що найбільш близькими за криміналістичними озна-ками є посягання на життя та здоров’я журналістів.
АРХІТЕКТУРНА ПРОФІЛАКТИКА ЗЛОЧИННОСТІ
Authors: Колодяжний М. Г.
Published: May 2020

У статті досліджено перспективний для України напрям запобігання злочинності у виді архітектурної профілактики. Вивчено практику застосування вказаного різновиду запобігання злочинності в деяких західних країнах. Визначено недоліки вітчизняного містобудування з огляду на якість архітектурного планування території проживання. Виділено переваги архітектурної профілактики порівняно з іншими заходами спеціально-кримінологічного запобігання злочинності. Розроблено пропозиції щодо її подальшого впровадження в Україні.
«ГРА СЛІВ» З ТЯЖКИМИ НАСЛІДКАМИ, АБО ЩО ТАКЕ МЕДИЧНА ДОПОМОГА
Authors: Любчик О. А.
Published: May 2020

У статті досліджуються сутність, ознаки та визначення поняття «медична до-помога» як юридично значущого терміна, співвідношення цього поняття з поняттям «медична послуга». Досліджуються правові позицією законодавця і Конституційного Суду України з цього приводу та ставлення до цього питання науковців. Проведений порівняльний аналіз правової природи термінів «медична допомога» та «медична по-слуга». Визначається стан і тенденції правового регулювання захисту прав людини на здоров’я та життя в Україні. Запропоновані напрямки вдосконалення правового регу-лювання щодо захисту прав людини на здоров’я та життя.
Analisis Kesesuaian Prosedur Tindakan Resusitasi pada Neonatus dengan Asfiksia di Ruang Peristi RSU Anutapura Palu
Authors: Umar Nurlailah , Fitria Masulili  , Baiq Emy Nurmalisa
Published: May 2020

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara dengan tingkat mortalitas bayi yang cukup signifikan terutama pada periode perinatal, neonatal dan post-natal. Faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap tingginya  mortalitas pada neonatus (BBL) salah satunya adalah asfiksia. Kemahiran tenaga kesehatan dalam melakukan resusitasi dan ketepatan dalam pengambilan keputusan merupakan ujung tombak dalam usaha menurunkan risko kematian BBL. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk diketahuinya prosedur tindakan penangan resusitasi pada BBL dengan asfiksia. Desain penelitian yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif dengan observasional. Populasi adalah seluruh bayi baru lahir dengan asfiksia. Sampel berjumlah 15 orang. Data dianalisa dengan analisis univariat. Hasil penelitian ditemukan tindakan resusitasi awal yang sesuai sebanyak 8 tindakan (53,3%) dan tindakan kurang sesuai 7 tindakan (46,7%). Sebagian besar tindakan sesuai yaitu 8 tindakan (93,3%) pada resusitasi lanjutan. Kesimpulan bahwa tenaga kesehatan dalam memberikan tindakan resusitasi awal hampir sama antara tindakan yang sesuai dengan kurang sesuai. Sementara tindakan resusitasi lanjutan sebagian besar dilakukan dengan sesuai prosedur resusitasi bayi baru lahir. Rekomendasi penelitian ini agar dijadikan bahan acuan bagi perawat untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan kesesuaian prosedur tindakan resusitasi neonatus.
The Water, Soap, Sanitation, and Handwashing Facilities are Associated with COVID-19 Transmission in 44 Countries
Authors: Amsal Amsal
Published: May 2020

Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is currently a global pandemic. Public awareness about washing hands is important in preventing the spread of COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between increased water sources, basic water services, improved sanitation facilities, basic hand washing facilities, soap and water availability with COVID-19 transmission in 44 countries. Using Demographic and Health Survey Data in 44 countries including data on populations living in households using improved water sources, basic water services, improved sanitation facilities, hand washing practices, basic hand washing facilities with soap and water availability, ownership of electricity, television, cellphones , and households consisting of only those aged> 65 years. Data is downloaded in the form of Excel. The COVID-19 case was reported by the Johns Hopkins University Center for Science and Systems Engineering (CSSE) on April 28, 2020 in 44 countries. DHS program data from 44 countries that are relevant to the CSSE Johns Hopkins University data are carried out linear regression tests and alternatives (spearman test) using SPSS 22. Relationships between variables by looking at the correlation coefficient and p value for each variable. The results of the study are presented in tabular form. Results: Increased water sources, basic water services, improved sanitation facilities, basic hand washing facilities, soap and water available in relation to COVID-19 transmission, with each correlation coefficient of 0.421, 0.506, 0.374, 0.243 and 0.399.
The Influence of Boundary Layer Caused by Riblets on the Aircraft Surface
Authors: Lv Hongqing , Wang Zhenqing , Chen Jiahao , Xu Lei
Published: May 2020

Drag reduction of riblets is one of the most important problems in drag reduction of non-smooth surfaces. In the past two decades, the use of riblets arranged along the flow direction to reduce frictional resistance has received considerable attention. In this paper, we study the plates with the triangular concave grooves, triangular protrusion riblets, trapezoidal concave grooves, trapezoidal protrusion riblets, and circular concave grooves. The numerical simulation method is used to calculate five kinds of plates with grooves and riblets under multiple working conditions. The results showed that the plates with grooves and riblets generated vortices inside the grooves, which separated the incoming flow from the wall surface, and by increasing the thickness of the boundary layer, greatly reducing the average velocity gradient of the wall surface, compared with the smooth flat plate, the friction resistance is reduced. But, lateral riblets and grooves cause additional pressure resistance, which is one order of magnitude higher than the friction resistance. Then, the triangular concave grooves are arranged on the suction and pressure sides of the NACA0012 airfoil, respectively. We calculated the aerodynamic parameters of the both airfoils, and the standard NACA0012 airfoil from the −8° attack angle to their respective stall attack angles. The results showed that the NACA0012 airfoil with triangular concave grooves on the suction side reduced the aerodynamic characteristics of the standard NACA0012 at a small angle of attack, but the stall angle of attack of the standard NACA0012 airfoil was improved, because the grooves ensure that some gas can flow normally on the suction side and delay the separation of the boundary layer. The NACA0012 airfoil with triangular concave grooves on the pressure side did not effectively improve the aerodynamic characteristics: lift–drag ratio decreased and stall angle of attack decreased, but it can increase the lift slightly.
Caloric Vestibular Stimulation Reduces the Directional Bias in Representational Neglect
Authors: Holé Julie , Reilly Karen T. , Nash Stuart , Rode Gilles
Published: May 2020

Caloric vestibular stimulation (CVS) can temporarily reduce visuospatial neglect and related symptoms. The present study examined the effect of CVS on representational neglect during free exploration of the map of France. We asked patients to name cities they could mentally “see” on the map of France, without giving them any directional instructions related to the left or right sides of the map. In right brain damaged patients with left visuospatial neglect, the mental representation of the map was asymmetrical (favoring the right side). After stimulation, neglect patients named more towns on the left side of the map, leading to a significant reduction in map representation asymmetry. Our findings are consistent with previous studies on visuospatial neglect and are in favor of a central effect of vestibular stimulation on mechanisms involved in space representation.
Aspects of Parent–Child Interaction from Infancy to Late Adolescence are Associated with Severity of Childhood Maltreatment through Age 18
Authors: Khoury Jennifer E. , Rajamani Mallika , Bureau Jean-François , Easterbrooks M. Ann , Lyons-Ruth Karlen
Published: May 2020

Childhood maltreatment (CM) is a pervasive public health problem worldwide, with negative health consequences across the lifespan. Despite these adverse outcomes, identifying children who are being maltreated remains a challenge. Thus, there is a need to identify reliably observable features of parent–child interaction that indicate risk for CM and that can instigate strategically targeted family supports. The aim of this longitudinal study was to assess multiple aspects of observed mother–child interaction from infancy to late adolescence as risk indicators of the overall severity of CM by age 18. Mother–child dyads were assessed in infancy (N = 56), at age 7 years (N = 56), and at age 19 years (N = 56/110). Severity of CM through age 18 was indexed by combined prospective and retrospective assessments. Interactions associated with severity of CM by age 18 included maternal hostility in infancy, maternal withdrawal in infancy and middle childhood, child disorganized attachment behavior in middle childhood and late adolescence, as well as hostile and role-confused interactions in late adolescence. This study identifies new indices of maternal and child behavior as important risk indicators for the severity of CM. These indices could be used to improve early identification and tailor preventive interventions for families at risk for CM.
Analysis of Association between Breastfeeding and Vegetable or Fruit Intake in Later Childhood in a Population-Based Observational Study
Authors: Hamulka Jadwiga , Zielinska Monika A. , Jeruszka-Bielak Marta , Górnicka Magdalena , Głąbska Dominika , Guzek Dominika , Hoffmann Monika , Gutkowska Krystyna
Published: May 2020

Vegetable and fruit consumption in childhood remains below recommendations in many countries. As the intake of fruit and/or vegetables during childhood in a few studies was associated with breastfeeding, it may be suggested as a serious interfering factor while analyzing the association between breastfeeding and its long-term health effects. Thus, it may be important for creation and implementation of effective public health programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between breastfeeding and consumption of fruit or vegetables in later childhood. The study was conducted within the Project “ABC of Healthy Eating—ABC of Kids and Parents” among a representative sample of 703 pairs of mothers and children aged 7–12 years in Poland. A systematic purposive-quota selection according to gender, age, place of residence, and region of Poland was applied. The study was conducted by interviewers in the respondents’ homes in 2017. Logistic regression analysis was conducted, and models adjusted for children’s age, BMI centile and gender, maternal education, employment status, and economic situation, as well as for EU–28 average Gross Domestic Product (GDP) region. Almost 86% of children were ever breastfed. Vegetables for breakfast, second breakfast, dinner, supper, and between meals were consumed by 23.9%, 18.6%, 47.4%, 26.7%, and 4.0% of children, whereas fruit was consumed by 13.9%, 46.1%, 7.7%, 12.9%, and 59.7% of children, respectively. Breastfeeding for a period of 4–6 months increased the chance of vegetable consumption for breakfast in the whole group (aOR 3.80, 95% CI 1.90–7.59, p ≤ 0.001) and particularly in girls (aOR 4.60, 95% CI 1.43–14.75, p ≤ 0.01) when compared to boys (aOR 3.17, 95% CI 1.32–7.63, p ≤ 0.01). Longer duration of breastfeeding (over 12 months) increased the chance of vegetable consumption for dinner in the total group (aOR 2.36, 95% CI 1.30–4.26, p ≤ 0.01) and particularly in girls (aOR 3.04, 95% CI 1.24–7.46, p ≤ 0.01) when compared to boys (aOR 2.20, 95% CI 1.01–4.95, p ≤ 0.05). We showed a positive association between breastfeeding and vegetable consumption for breakfast and dinner among children aged 7–12 years. These associations were gender-specific (stronger among girls) and were not diminished by socio-demographic factors.
Mishel’s Model of Uncertainty Describing Categories and Subcategories in Fibromyalgia Patients, a Scoping Review
Authors: Fernandez-Araque Ana , Gomez-Castro Julia , Giaquinta-Aranda Andrea , Verde Zoraida , Torres-Ortega Clara
Published: May 2020

The aim of this review was to demonstrate the presence of categories and subcategories of Mishel’s model in the experiences of patients with fibromyalgia by reviewing qualitative studies. Uncertainty is defined as the inability to determine the meaning of disease-related events. A scoping review of qualitative studies was carried out. Twenty articles were included, with sample sizes ranging from 3 to 58 patients. Articles from different countries and continents were included. Three categories of the model and eight subcategories could be shown to be present in the experiences of fibromyalgia patients through the scoping review. The first category, concerning antecedents of uncertainty in patients with fibromyalgia, is constituted by the difficulty in coping with symptoms, uncertainty about the diagnosis and uncertainty about the complexity of the treatment. The second concerns the cognitive process of anxiety, stress, emotional disorder and social stigma. The third category refers to coping with the disease, through the management of social and family support and the relationship with health care professionals.
Multicomponent Exercise Program Reduces Frailty and Inflammatory Biomarkers and Improves Physical Performance in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sadjapong Uratcha , Yodkeeree Supachai , Sungkarat Somporn , Siviroj Penprapa
Published: May 2020

The efficacy of exercise to reverse frailty in the aging population has not been extensively investigated. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a multicomponent exercise program (MCEP) on frailty, physical performance (handgrip strength, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go test (TUG), and VO2Max), blood biomarkers (Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP)) in frail older adults. A randomized controlled trial using an allocation concealment method, included 64 older adults (77.78 ± 7.24 years), were divided into two parallel groups using block randomization: an MCEP group (n = 32) and a control group (n = 32). The combined center- and home-based MCEP training consisted of chair aerobic, resistance, and balance, which was carried out 3 days per week for 24 weeks. A mixed model repeated measure ANOVA demonstrated significant interaction effects of group x time for BBS, TUG and frailty scores (p < 0.001). Additionally, the post-hoc analysis revealed that the MCEP group showed significantly improved BBS, TUG, and frailty scores (p < 0.01), at both 12- and 24-weeks. When compared with controls at 12-weeks, the MCEP group decreased IL-6 and CRP levels (p < 0.05). The combined center- and home-based MCEP were effective in reversing frailty to pre-frailty and improving physical performance especially balance in the older population.
Dance Fitness Classes Improve the Health-Related Quality of Life in Sedentary Women
Authors: Barranco-Ruiz Yaira , Paz-Viteri Susana , Villa-González Emilio
Published: May 2020

Introduction: This study aims to analyze the effect of two dance-focused and choreographic fitness classes on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in sedentary worker women. Methods: 65 sedentary middle-aged worker women (38 ± 7.3 years old) completed a 16-week intervention randomly assigned to: (1) dance fitness group based on Zumba Fitness classes (DF group, n = 25)], (2) dance fitness + functional strength training group (DFFT group, n = 20), and (3) control group (n = 20). HRQoL was assessed by the 36-Item Short-Form Health-Survey (SF-36), which evaluates 8 dimensions of health [General Health (GH), Physical Functioning (PF), Social Functioning (SF), Physical Role (PR), Emotional Role (ER), Bodily Pain (BP), Vitality (V), and Mental Health (MH)] scored from 0 (worst) to 100 (best health status). Results: The control group statistically differed from both exercise groups in PF and PR, and from the DF group in SF and MH showing a lower score. No statistical differences were observed between exercise groups post-intervention, except in V. DF group showed increases in GH, PF, SF, V, PR, and MH post-intervention. Conclusions: A 16-week dance fitness intervention based on Zumba Fitness classes generates notable improvements in a wide range of HRQoL dimensions in sedentary middle-aged worker women, especially in V, PR and MH dimensions.
A Multidimensional Model of Public Health Approaches Against COVID-19
Authors: Nazir Mehrab , Hussain Iftikhar , Tian Jian , Akram Sabahat , Mangenda Tshiaba Sidney , Mushtaq Shahrukh , Shad Muhammad Afzal
Published: May 2020

COVID-19 is appearing as one of the most fetal disease of the world’s history and has caused a global health emergency. Therefore, this study was designed with the aim to address the issue of public response against COVID-19. The literature lacks studies on social aspects of COVID-19. Therefore, the current study is an attempt to investigate its social aspects and suggest a theoretical structural equation model to examine the associations between social media exposure, awareness, and information exchange and preventive behavior and to determine the indirect as well as direct impact of social media exposure on preventive behavior from the viewpoints of awareness and information exchange. The current empirical investigation was held in Pakistan, and the collected survey data from 500 respondents through social media tools were utilized to examine the associations between studied variables as stated in the anticipated study model. The findings of the study indicate that social media exposure has no significant and direct effect on preventive behavior. Social media exposure influences preventive behavior indirectly through awareness and information exchange. In addition, awareness and information exchange have significant and direct effects on preventive behavior. Findings are valuable for health administrators, governments, policymakers, and social scientists, specifically for individuals whose situations are like those in Pakistan. This research validates how social media exposure indirectly effects preventive behavior concerning COVID-19 and explains the paths of effect through awareness or information exchange. To the best of our knowledge, there is no work at present that covers this gap, for this reason the authors propose a new model. The conceptual model offers valuable information for policymakers and practitioners to enhance preventive behavior through the adoption of appropriate awareness strategies and information exchange and social media strategies.
A Simple and Safe Approach for Maxillary Sinus Augmentation with the Advanced Surgical Guide
Authors: Cho Seoung-Won , Yang Byoung-Eun , Cheon Kyeong-Jun , Jang Won-Seok , Kim Ju-Won , Byun Soo-Hwan
Published: May 2020

Objective: The development of digital dentistry has contributed to the astonishing advancement of implant dentistry. Furthermore, digital technology is expected to be applied extensively to sinus augmentation, which is an advanced technique for implant surgery. This study introduces a simple method for a safer and more precise lateral window opening for sinus augmentation using a navigation program. Methods: Five eligible patients with residual alveolar bone of 4 mm or less are presented, requiring lateral approach for sinus augmentation. Navigation system was opted for the sinus lift with simultaneous implant placement. Virtual planning started with establishing the adequate position of the lateral window based on the radiographic images and the scanned file of the dentition. The position of the window was indicated on the guide within the program. Afterwards, the virtually designed surgical guide was fabricated either with 3D printer or milling machine for the actual surgery. Results: All the patients who underwent surgery with the surgical guide showed no sign of clinical complications including pain, swelling, nausea, epistaxis, or early loss of the implants. Results of radiographic evaluation also showed adequate placement of the implants in a pre-planned position, and the sinus window was also formed in the desired location. Conclusion: Lateral window opening combined with digital navigation system is believed to be a promising technique for a more precise as well as safer sinus augmentation.
Genomic Analysis of Historical Cases with Positive Newborn Screens for Short-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency Shows That a Validated Second-Tier Biochemical Test Can Replace Future Sequencing
Authors: Adhikari Aashish N. , Currier Robert J. , Tang Hao , Turgeon Coleman T. , Nussbaum Robert L. , Srinivasan Rajgopal , Sunderam Uma , Kwok Pui-Yan , Brenner Steven E. , Gavrilov Dimitar , Puck Jennifer M. , Gallagher Renata
Published: May 2020

Short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SCADD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of β-oxidation caused by pathogenic variants in the ACADS gene. Analyte testing for SCADD in blood and urine, including newborn screening (NBS) using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) on dried blood spots (DBSs), is complicated by the presence of two relatively common ACADS variants (c.625G>A and c.511C>T). Individuals homozygous for these variants or compound heterozygous do not have clinical disease but do have reduced short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD) activity, resulting in elevated blood and urine metabolites. As part of a larger study of the potential role of exome sequencing in NBS in California, we reviewed ACADS sequence and MS/MS data from DBSs from a cohort of 74 patients identified to have SCADD. Of this cohort, approximately 60% had one or more of the common variants and did not have the two rare variants, and thus would need no further testing. Retrospective analysis of ethylmalonic acid, glutaric acid, 2-hydroxyglutaric acid, 3-hydroxyglutaric acid, and methylsuccinic acid demonstrated that second-tier testing applied before the release of the newborn screening result could reduce referrals by over 50% and improve the positive predictive value for SCADD to above 75%.
Stress in the Volunteer Caregiver: Human-Centric Technology Can Support Both Caregivers and People with Dementia
Authors: Huelat Barbara , Pochron Sharon T.
Published: May 2020

Background and Objectives: Currently, one in eight people over the age of 65 have dementia, and approximately 75% of caregiving is provided by volunteer family members with little or no training. This study aimed to quantify points of stress for home-based caregivers with the aim of reducing stress for them while concurrently supporting quality of life for the people with dementia whom they cared for. The overreaching purpose was to increase our knowledge of the caregiver stress burden and explore potential technologies and behaviors to ease it. Materials and Methods: We interviewed home-based and professional caregivers regarding causes of emotional and physical stress and methods they used to alleviate it. Results: This study found that: (1) dementia symptoms created a burden of stress for home-based caregivers primarily in the areas of medication management, memory loss, hygiene care and disruptive behaviors; (2) home-based caregivers identified “finding available resources” as the most important source of stress relief; (3) a minority of home-based caregivers possessed a resource network and knew how to find resources but all professional caregivers were able to find resources and support; (4) home-based caregivers combated dementia symptoms with positive distractions and human touch with little use of technology, since it was mostly unknown; and (5) facility-based caregivers were knowledgeable and readily used dementia-based technology. Conclusion: Since professional caregivers have access to technological resources that our home-based caregivers lack, one might logically conclude that we should transfer technology used by professionals to those with dementia. However, great caution needs to be in place before we take that step. Successful technology should address the human experience as home-based caregivers try to use new technologies. Human-centric technology addresses the needs of both people with dementia and the home-based caregiver.
A New Method for Plasticization of Inclusions in Saw-Wire Steel by NaF Addition
Authors: Chen Liangjun , Wan Yong , Li Jie , Chen Weiqing , Yang Yindong , McLean Alexander
Published: May 2020

In this study, a new method is proposed for the plasticization of inclusions by taking advantage of the behavior of alkali metals in lowering the inclusion melting point. A series of experiments with NaF additions to molten steel were carried out using a carbon tube furnace followed by simulated rolling tests using the solidified ingots and characterization of inclusions with the help of automated scanning electron microscopy. Compositional changes of the steel and evolution of gaseous species were evaluated using thermodynamic software FactSage 7.2 (ThermFact Inc., Montreal, QC, Canada). Based on this approach, NaF/steel/inclusion interactions and the effects of NaF addition on the melting point, size and deformability of inclusions were clarified. The modification of MnO-SiO2 inclusions by NaF also promoted the removal of inclusions and improved the cleanliness of steel. The results show that with the addition of NaF, the melting point of inclusions is greatly reduced, the deformability is improved, and the removal of inclusions is enhanced, all of which indicates a good prospect for industrial application.
Opportunities and Issues in the Application of Titanium Alloys for Aerospace Components
Authors: Williams James C. , Boyer Rodney R.
Published: May 2020

The metal titanium (Ti) and its alloys have many attributes which are attractive as structural materials, but they also have one major disadvantage, high initial cost. Nevertheless, Ti and Ti alloys are used extensively in airframes, gas turbine engines (GTE), and rocket engines (RE). The high cost is a deterrent, particularly in airframe applications, in that the other alloys it competes with are, for the most part, significantly lower cost. This is less of a concern for GTE and RE where the cost of titanium is closer to and sometimes even lower than some of the materials it competes with for these applications. In spacecraft the weight savings are so important that cost is a lesser concern. Ti and its alloys consist of five families of alloys; α-Ti, near α-alloys, α + β alloys, β-alloys, and Ti-based intermetallic compounds. The intermetallic compounds of primary interest today are those based on the compound TiAl which, at this time, are only used for engine applications because of their higher temperature capability. These TiAl-based compounds are used in a relatively low, but growing, amounts. The first production application was for low pressure turbine blades in the GE engine (GEnx) used on the Boeing 787, followed by the GE LEAP engine used on A-320neo and B-737MAX. These air foils are investment cast and machined. The next application is for the GE90X which will power the Boeing B-777X. These air foils will be made by additive manufacturing (AM). Unalloyed titanium and titanium alloys are typically melted by vacuum arc melting and re-melted either once (2X VAR) or twice (3X VAR); however a new and very different melting method (cold hearth melting) has recently become favored, mainly for high performance applications such as rotors in aircraft engines. This process resulted in higher quality ingots with a significant reduction in melt-related defects. Once melted and cast into ingots, the alloys can be processed using all the standard thermomechanical working and casting processes used for making components of other types of structural alloys. Because of their limited ductility, the TiAl-based intermetallic compounds are quite difficult to process using ordinary wrought methods. Consequently, the low-pressure turbine blades currently in service are investment cast and machined to net shape. The AM air foils will require minimal machining, which is an advantage. This paper describes some relatively recent developments as well as some issues and opportunities associated with the production and use of Ti and its alloys in aerospace components. Included are new Ti alloys, new applications of Ti alloys, and the current status of several manufacturing processes including a discussion of the promise and current reality of additive manufacturing as a potentially revolutionary method of producing Ti alloy components.
Production and Purification of Artificial Circular RNA Sponges for Application in Molecular Biology and Medicine
Authors: Breuer Janina , Rossbach Oliver
Published: May 2020

Characterized by their covalently closed structure and thus an elevated stability compared to linear RNA molecules, circular RNAs (circRNAs) form a novel class of mainly non-coding RNAs. Although the biological functions of naturally occurring circRNAs are largely unknown, they were reported to act as molecular sponges, sequestering microRNAs (miRNAs), resulting in a de-repression of target mRNAs. Taking these characteristics of naturally occurring circRNAs into account, artificial circRNAs could be a potential tool in molecular biology and medicine. Using the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) as a model system, this application of artificial circular RNAs was demonstrated. The virus requires cellular miRNA miR-122 for its life cycle, and circRNAs specifically engineered to efficiently sequester this miRNA impacted viral propagation. Since in this context the production of engineered circRNA remains the limiting factor, we present a method to produce and efficiently purify artificial circRNA sponges (ciRS) in vitro. In this protocol we provide insights into a small-scale and large-scale production technique of artificial circular RNA sponges relying on in vitro transcription and RNA ligation.
Discussing the Score of Cardioembolic Ischemic Stroke in Chagas Disease
Authors: Mendes Fernanda de Souza Nogueira Sardinha , Mediano Mauro Felippe Felix , Silva Rudson Santos , Xavier Sergio Salles , do Brasil Pedro Emmanuel Alvarenga Americano , Saraiva Roberto Magalhães , Hasslocher-Moreno Alejandro Marcel , de Sousa Andrea Silvestre
Published: May 2020

Chagas disease is an important infection in Latin America but it is also reported in non-endemic countries all over the world. Around 30% of infected patients develop chronic Chagas cardiopathy, which is responsible for most poor outcomes, mainly heart failure, arrhythmias and thromboembolic events. Of all thromboembolic events, stroke is the most feared, due to the high probability of evolution to death or disability. Despite its importance, the actual incidence of cardioembolic ischemic stroke in Chagas disease is not completely known. The Instituto de Pesquisa Evandro Chagas/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IPEC-FIOCRUZ) score aims to propose prophylaxis strategies against cardioembolic ischemic stroke in Chagas disease based on clinical risk–benefit. To date, the IPEC-FIOCRUZ score is considered the best tool to identify patients for stroke prophylaxis in Chagas disease according the Latin American guideline and Brazilian consensus. It can prevent many cardioembolic strokes that would not be predicted, by applying the current recommendations to other cardiopathies. However, the IPEC-FIOCRUZ score still requires external validation to be used in different Chagas disease populations with an appropriate study design.
Prevalencia de hendidura labiopalatina
Authors: Lucena Rosangelina , Uzcátegui Kasandra
Published: May 2020

Introducción: La hendidura labio-palatina es un defecto congénito, donde existe la separación del labio superior y fisura del maxilar, por la fusión incompleta de los procesos maxilares y naso-medial del embrión, que conduce a múltiples alteraciones. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de hendidura labio-palatina en pacientes que acuden a la Asociación Valenciana, para la atención interdisciplinaria de pacientes con alteraciones cráneo-faciales, Valencia-Carabobo/Venezuela, en el período 2016-2017. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una investigación de campo, descriptiva, con el apoyo de historias clínicas. Con una población de 93 pacientes y una muestra pertinente de 45 pacientes; plasmando la información en gráficos y cuadros por frecuencia y % simple. Resultados: La hendidura labio-palatina bilateral, se presenta con mayor frecuencia que la unilateral, puede ser derecha e izquierda; todas predominantes en el sexo masculino y en edades de 0- a 9 años. Conclusión: Esta alteración acarrea problemas estéticos, alimenticios, auditivos, respiratorios y foniátricos, que deben ser abordados por un grupo multidisciplinario. Cada vez su prevalencia es alta, lo que conlleva a crear instituciones especializadas, con carácter resolutivo, para dar respuestas rápidas, a las diferentes malformaciones cráneo-faciales.
Conductas de riesgo en adolescentes estudiantes de nivel secundario
Authors: Romero Mamani Nicacia
Published: May 2020

Introducción: Las investigaciones en adolescentes puedan ser de gran utilidad para plantear, con evidencia, la necesidad de realizar actividades preventivas enfocadas a conductas de riesgo. Objetivo: Determinar las conductas de riesgo más prevalentes y su relación con edad y sexo de los de los adolescentes estudiantes de la Ciudad de Villazón. Materiales y métodos: El tipo de investigación es epidemiológico, observacional, descriptivo, analítico y transversal. Los resultados obtenidos plantean que existe relación entre el género y las conductas de riesgo como, el consumo de alcohol en mayores de 18 años y en menores de 18 años; consumo de tabaco los hombres muestran 8 veces mayor riesgo que las mujeres; también los hombres mostraron 5 veces mayor riesgo de consumo de drogas que las mujeres; además de no usar condón en su primera relación sexual y los hombres mostraron mayor riesgo de tener enfermedades de transmisión sexual que las mujeres. Conclusión: Las conductas de riesgo más prevalentes en adolescentes, son el consumo de tabaco, consumo de drogas ilícitas y las relaciones sexuales.
Toplinski otpor goveđe kože i kompozitnih laminata za profesionalnu obuću
Authors: Skenderi Zenun , Firšt Rogale Snježana , Akalović Jadranka , Zdraveva Emilĳa
Published: May 2020

Istražen je toplinski otpor različitih goveđih koža (boks, velur, hidrofobirana napa, podstavna obućarska napa) i kompozitnih laminata (2-slojni laminat za izradu jezika obuće, 2-slojni laminat za izradu sara, 4-slojni laminat sa membranom za podstavu i 3-slojni laminat za podstavu) namijenjenih za izradu profesionalne obuće. Toplinski otpor je određen na uređaju PEMETEST. Toplinski otpor koža debljine 1,16 do 2,37 mm kreće se u granicama od 0,0813 do 0,0989 m2 C W-1. Toplinski otpor tekstilnih laminata, u prosjeku je niži od otpora prolazu topline koža, i iznosi 0,0701 do 0,0918 m2 C W-1
Semi-conventional play: definition, exploration strategy and the example of the Chalk Group in Denmark
Authors: Sandrin Alessandro
Published: May 2020

Play analysis has been widely used in hydrocarbon exploration for decades with great success. In recent years, progress has also been made to describe reservoir properties of very low permeability reservoirs. However, comparatively little research has been done into play analysis for such reservoirs, which may lead to misleading estimates of their hydrocarbon potential. Here, the concept of a semi-conventional play is defined and characterised as having a reservoir of such low permeability that a hydrocarbon column can form down-dip of an effective dry trap. A new exploration approach is proposed for such plays, using the Chalk Group Play in the Danish North Sea as an example. It is suggested that together with the usual risk elements, a more detailed analysis of ‘charge’ is necessary, paying particular attention to identifying possible hydrocarbon entry points, palaeostructures and the maximum distance from these entry points that the hydrocarbons may have reached since they first entered the reservoir. The application of this novel approach for semi-conventional plays in mature basins can help unlock further resources in proximity of existing fields, and reduce the risk of failure in frontier exploration.
Early Archaean Isua supracrustal belt,West Greenland: pilot study of the Isua Multidisciplinary Research Project
Authors: Appel Peter W. U. , Fedo Christopher M. , Moorbath Stephen , Myers John S.
Published: May 2020

The Isua belt of 3.8–3.7 Ga metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks, is located 150 km north-east of Nuuk, within the Archaean gneiss complex of West Greenland. Most of this gneiss complex consists of late Archaean rocks with a minor component of early Archaean age, including the oldest known supracrustal rocks on Earth. The Isua belt contains the best preserved of the oldest supracrustal components and is therefore of vital importance in providing information on the oldest known terrestrial environments and a prospective locality in which to search for the earliest traces of life on Earth (Mojzsis et al. 1996). The Isua Multidisciplinary Research Project (IMRP) aims to coordinate a reinvestigation of the geology of the Isua belt and adjacent tonalitic gneisses with a broad-based, diversely skilled, international research team. IMRP is supported by the Danish Natural Science Research Council, the Commission for Scientific Research in Greenland and the Minerals Office of the Greenland Government (from 1998, the Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum). The project began in 1997 with a pilot study of the north-east sector of the Isua belt to test the feasibility of reinvestigating the early Archaean geology on the basis of new mapping. Five weeks of field work were carried out by a core of four geologists (P.W.U.A, C.M.F., S.M., J.S.M.) augmented by visits of shorter duration by G. Arrhenius, A. Hofmann, V.R. McGregor, S. Mojzsis, R.K. O’Nions and H.K. Schønwandt. This report outlines the geological background to the current study and the results of the 1997 pilot project.
Pingos at Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden, eastern North Greenland
Authors: Bennike Ole
Published: May 2020

Pingos are isolated, conical mounds up to 50 m high with a core of ice covered by silt, sand or gravel. They are formed in regions where the ground is permanently frozen. Two types of pingo are distinguished, a closed-system and an open-system (Washburn 1979; Pissart 1988). The closed-system type is found on flat plains, whereas open-system pingos are found on valley floors. Open-system pingos grow by artesian pressure (Müller 1959; Washburn 1979). Water from higher altitudes migrates within or below the permanently frozen ground and becomes trapped within the permafrost and freezes to form a lens or core of ice. Active pingos have been reported from Svalbard, Russia, Alaska, Canada and Greenland (Washburn 1979), and fossil pingos from Pleistocene periglacial terrains have been reported from Europe and North America (De Gans 1988). In Greenland, most pingos have been reported from both East and West Greenland. In East Greenland pingos have been described from the area between 71°30′ and 74°30′N (Fig. 1). In West Greenland most pingos occur between 70° and 72°N. In addition, a pingo and some pingo-like forms have been described from North Greenland (Bennike 1983). All pingos in Greenland are located in valleys, usually on outwash plains. During field work in 1997 one fairly impressive pingo and several small pingos or pingo-like forms were observed at c. 79°30′N in eastern North Greenland. These are the northernmost pingos recorded from eastern Greenland, and the aim of this note is to document and describe these forms. The observations add to our knowledge about the distribution of pingos in Greenland, and a map showing the distribution of pingos in Greenland is presented as Fig. 1.
SHRIMP U-Pb zircon ages for Archaean granitoid rocks, Ataa area, north-east Disko Bugt, West Greenland
Authors: Nutman Allen P. , Kalsbeek Feiko
Published: May 2020

Zircons from four samples of granitoid rocks from the Ataa area have been studied by SHRIMP ion microprobe. A trondhjemite from the Atâ intrusive complex (Atâ tonalite) yielded an age of 2803 ± 4 Ma, in agreement with earlier age determinations. A sample from the regional migmatitic biotite gneisses gave 2815 ± 4 Ma. A homogeneous granitoid rock, from ﬁeld observations believed to be younger than the regional gneisses, has two main zircon populations, 2835 ± 4 Ma and c. 2800 Ma, respectively, and a granite that intrudes the Atâ complex yielded an age of 2758 ± 2 Ma.