bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lipoxins A4 and B4 inhibit glial cell activation via CXCR3 signaling in acute retinal neuroinflammation
Authors: Livne-Bar Izhar , Maurya Shubham , Gronert Karsten , Sivak Jeremy M.
Published: January 2024

Lipoxins are small lipids that are potent endogenous mediators of systemic inflammation resolution in a variety of diseases. We previously reported that Lipoxins A4 and B4 (LXA4 and LXB4) have protective activities against neurodegenerative injury. Yet, lipoxin activities and downstream signaling in neuroinflammatory processes are not well understood. Here, we utilized a model of posterior uveitis induced by lipopolysaccharide endotoxin (LPS), which results in rapid retinal neuroinflammation primarily characterized by activation of resident macroglia (astrocytes and Müller glia), and microglia. Using this model, we observed that each lipoxin reduces acute inner retinal inflammation by affecting endogenous glial responses in a cascading sequence beginning with astrocytes and then microglia, depending on the timing of exposure; prophylactic or therapeutic. Subsequent analyses of retinal cytokines and chemokines revealed inhibition of both CXCL9 (MIG) and CXCL10 (IP10) by each lipoxin, compared to controls, following LPS injection. CXCL9 and CXCL10 are common ligands for the CXCR3 chemokine receptor, which is prominently expressed in inner retinal astrocytes and ganglion cells. We found that CXCR3 inhibition reduces LPS-induced neuroinflammation, while CXCR3 agonism alone induces astrocyte reactivity. Together, these data uncover a novel lipoxin–CXCR3 pathway to promote distinct anti-inflammatory and proresolution cascades in endogenous retinal glia.
The burden of persistent symptoms after COVID-19 (long COVID): a meta-analysis of controlled studies in children and adults
Authors: Azzam Ahmed , Khaled Heba , Refaey Neveen , Mohsen Shorouk , El-Emam Ola Ali , Dawood Nada , Ahmed Hebatalla A. , Soliman Omar A. , Mostafa Sana , Ramadan Heba , Mosa Maha , Elmowafy Amora Omar Ibrahim , Rizk Shimaa Mohamed Abdou , Zaki Ahmed , Hussien Mostafa , Ahmed Ameer , Ezzat Ahmad Ashraf , Hassan Fatma E.
Published: January 2024

Background

Previous meta-analyses estimating the prevalence of the post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) were confounded by the lack of negative control groups. This may result in an overestimation of the prevalence of those experiencing PCC, as these symptoms are non-specific and common in the general population. In this study, we aimed to compare the burden of persistent symptoms among COVID-19 survivors relative to COVID-19-negative controls.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted using the following databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) until July 2023 for comparative studies that examined the prevalence of persistent symptoms in COVID-19 survivors. Given that many of the symptoms among COVID-19 survivors overlap with post-hospitalization syndrome and post-intensive care syndrome, we included studies that compare the prevalence of persistent symptoms in hospitalized COVID-19 patients relative to non-COVID-19 hospitalized patients and in non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients relative to healthy controls that reported outcomes after at least 3 months since infection. The results of the meta-analysis were reported as odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval based on the random effects model.

Results

Twenty articles were included in this study. Our analysis of symptomatology in non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients compared to negative controls revealed that the majority of symptoms examined were not related to COVID-19 infection and appeared equally prevalent in both cohorts. However, non-COVID-19 hospitalized patients had higher odds of occurrence of certain symptoms like anosmia, ageusia, fatigue, dyspnea, and brain fog (P < 0.05). Particularly, anosmia and ageusia showed substantially elevated odds relative to the negative control group at 11.27 and 9.76, respectively,P < 0.05. In contrast, analysis of hospitalized COVID-19 patients compared to those hospitalized for other indications did not demonstrate significantly higher odds for the tested symptoms.

Conclusions

The persistent symptoms in COVID-19 survivors may result from hospitalization for causes unrelated to COVID-19 and are commonly reported among the general population. Although certain symptoms exhibited higher odds in non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients relative to controls, these symptoms are common post-viral illnesses. Therefore, the persistent symptoms after COVID-19 may not be unique to SARS-CoV-2. Future studies including well-matched control groups when investigating persistent symptoms in COVID-19 survivors are warranted to draw a firm conclusion.
Hydraulic resistance of three-dimensional pial perivascular spaces in the brain
Authors: Boster Kimberly A. S. , Sun Jiatong , Shang Jessica K. , Kelley Douglas H. , Thomas John H.
Published: January 2024

Background

Perivascular spaces (PVSs) carry cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) around the brain, facilitating healthy waste clearance. Measuring those flows in vivo is difficult, and often impossible, because PVSs are small, so accurate modeling is essential for understanding brain clearance. The most important parameter for modeling flow in a PVS is its hydraulic resistance, defined as the ratio of pressure drop to volume flow rate, which depends on its size and shape. In particular, the local resistance per unit length varies along a PVS and depends on variations in the local cross section.

Methods

Using segmented, three-dimensional images of pial PVSs in mice, we performed fluid dynamical simulations to calculate the resistance per unit length. We applied extended lubrication theory to elucidate the difference between the calculated resistance and the expected resistance assuming a uniform flow. We tested four different approximation methods, and a novel correction factor to determine how to accurately estimate resistance per unit length with low computational cost. To assess the impact of assuming unidirectional flow, we also considered a circular duct whose cross-sectional area varied sinusoidally along its length.

Results

We found that modeling a PVS as a series of short ducts with uniform flow, and numerically solving for the flow in each, yields good resistance estimates at low cost. If the second derivative of area with respect to axial location is less than 2, error is typically less than 15%, and can be reduced further with our correction factor. To make estimates with even lower cost, we found that instead of solving for the resistance numerically, the well-known resistance of a circular duct could be scaled by a shape factor. As long as the aspect ratio of the cross section was less than 0.7, the additional error was less than 10%.

Conclusions

Neglecting off-axis velocity components underestimates the average resistance, but the error can be reduced with a simple correction factor. These results could increase the accuracy of future models of brain-wide and local CSF flow, enabling better prediction of clearance, for example, as it varies with age, brain state, and pathological conditions.
Acute effects of resistance-type and cycling-type high-intensity interval training on arterial stiffness, cardiac autonomic modulation and cardiac biomarkers
Authors: Wang Tianjiao , Mao Jun , Bo Shumin , Zhang Li , Li Qing
Published: January 2024

Background

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to enhance cardiovascular health. However, there is a lack of research investigating the specific cardiovascular effects of different HIIT training modes. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the acute effects of cycling-type high intensity interval training (C-HIIT) and resistance-type high intensity interval training (R-HIIT) on arterial stiffness, cardiac autonomic modulation, and cardiac biomarkers in healthy young men.

Methods

This is a cross-over randomized trial. Eleven healthy active young men took part in both C-HIIT and R-HIIT. Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), heart rate variability (HRV), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were measured before, immediately and 30 min after the exercise in C-HIIT and R-HIIT. Meanwhile, blood samples for cardiac troponin-T (cTnT) and amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were assessed using ELISA before, 5min and 35min after exercise.

Results

There was a significant time × group interaction effect (P = 0.019,ηp2 = 0.182) and time main effect for ⊿CAVI (P < 0.001,ηp2 = 0.729), and R-HIIT resulted in a more significant reduction in ⊿CAVI compared to C-HIIT (− 0.60 ± 0.30,P = 0.043,d = 0.924) immediately after exercise. There was a significant time main effect was observed for SBP (P = 0.001,ηp2 = 0.304). A significant time main effect for lnHF (P < 0.001,ηp2 = 0.782), lnRMSSD (P < 0.001,ηp2 = 0.693), and LF/HF (P = 0.001,ηp2 = 0.302) of HRV was observed. A significant time main effect was observed for cTnT (P = 0.023,ηp2 = 0.193) and NT-proBNP (P = 0.001,ηp2 = 0.334) of cardiac biomarkers.

Conclusion

R-HIIT and C-HIIT elicited similar acute responses in cardiac autonomic modulation and cardiac biomarkers. However, R-HIIT was more effective in reducing arterial stiffness in healthy young men. Furthermore, the increase in cardiac biomarkers induced by both C-HIIT and R-HIIT was reversible.

Trial registration

The study was prospectively registered on 22 February 2022 atwww.chictr.org.cnwith identification number ChiCTR2200056897.
EBV DNA methylation profiles and its application in distinguishing nasopharyngeal carcinoma and nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Tang Cao-Li , Li Xi-Zhao , Zhou Ting , Deng Chang-Mi , Jiang Cheng-Tao , Zhang Yu-Meng , Liao Ying , Wang Tong-Min , He Yong-Qiao , Xue Wen-Qiong , Jia Wei-Hua , Zheng Xiao-Hui
Published: January 2024

Background

As an oncovirus, EBV is associated with multiple cancers, including solid tumors and hematological malignancies. EBV methylation plays an important role in regulating tumor occurrence. However, the EBV methylation profiles in EBV-associated tumor tissues are poorly understood.

Results

In this study, EBV methylation capture sequencing was conducted in several different tumor tissue samples, including NPC, EBVaGC, lung LELC and parotid LELC. Besides, EBV capture sequencing and following qMSP were performed on nasopharyngeal brushing samples from NPC and nasal NKTCL patients. Our results showed that the EBV genome among different types of tumors displayed specific methylation patterns. Among the four types of tumors from epithelial origin (NPC, EBVaGC, lung LELC and parotid LELC), the most significant differences were found between EBVaGC and the others. For example, in EBVaGC, all CpG sites within 1,44,189–1,45,136 bp of the EBV genome sequence on gene RPMS1 were hyper-methylated compared to the others. Differently, significant differences of EBV CpG sites, particularly those located on gene BILF2, were observed between NPC and nasal NKTCL patients in nasopharyngeal brushing samples. Further, the methylated level of BILF2 was further detected using qMSP, and a diagnostic model distinguishing NPC and nasal NKTCL was established. The AUC of the model was 0.9801 (95% CI 0.9524–1.0000), with the sensitivity and specificity of 98.81% (95% CI 93.63–99.94%) and 76.92% (95% CI 49.74–91.82%), respectively.

Conclusions

Our study reveals more clues for further understanding the pathogenesis of EBV, and provides a possibility for distinguishing EBV-related tumor by detecting specific EBV CpG sites.
Family planning behaviours among women with diabetes mellitus: a scoping review
Authors: Awang Dahlan Sarah , Idris Idayu Badilla , Mohammed Nawi Azmawati , Abd Rahman Rahana
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus in pregnancies is associated with adverse outcomes both for the mothers and babies. Postponing pregnancy in unoptimized conditions and stabilisation of glucose should be prioritized. This scoping review is aimed to determine the scope and at the same time map the types of evidence available that is related to family planning behaviours among women with diabetes mellitus, with a particular focus on their factors which influence family planning usage and subsequently enable the identification of knowledge gaps in preventing unintended pregnancies among this high-risk population.

Methods

This scoping review is guided by the methodological framework by Arksey and O’Malley’s and Prisma-ScR checklist. PubMed, EBSCO and OVID were searched for empirical studies between 2000 and February 2022 using the search terms “family planning”, “contraceptive” and “diabetes mellitus”. Data were summarized according to the study characteristics and levels of factors influencing family planning behaviours.

Results

Thirty-five articles that met the eligibility criteria included 33 quantitative studies, one qualitative study and one mixed-methods study. The prevalence of family planning methods used by women with diabetes mellitus varied ranging from 4.8 to 89.8% among the studied population. Women with diabetes mellitus were reported to be less likely to utilise any family planning methods compared to women without diabetes mellitus.

Conclusions

Most of the evidence to date on family planning behaviours among women with diabetes mellitus focuses on the role of individual level sociodemographic factors. Few studies focused on exploring determinants at multiple levels. In this review we found that there is limited evidence on disease control and pregnancy intention in relation to their family planning practices. Future studies with more clinical and contextual factors are needed to guide the strengthening of family planning services for high-risk group women specifically for women with diabetes mellitus.
Sustain-release lipid-liquid crystal formulations of pexiganan against Helicobacter pylori infection: in vitro evaluation in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Ghazvini Kiarash , Kamali Hossein , Farsiani Hadi , Yousefi Masoud , Keikha Masoud
Published: January 2024

Introduction

The Gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori, H. pylori, is associated with significant digestive disorders. However, the effectiveness of bacterial eradication is declining due to drug resistance. A potent anti-H. pylori activity is shown by the natural antimicrobial peptide pexiganan.

Objective

The current study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of pexiganan and its lipid-liquid crystals (LLCs) in inducing Helicobacter pylori in mice.

Methods

In this experimental study, H. pylori infection was first induced in C57BL/6 mice. Secondly, the antibacterial efficacy of pexiganan and its LLCs formulations was investigated to eliminate H. pylori infection.

Results

The H. pylori infection could not be completely eradicated by pexiganan peptide alone. However, incorporating pexiganan within the LLC formulation resulted in an increased elimination of H. pylori. Under the H&E strain, the pexiganan-LLCs formulation revealed minimal mucosal alterations and a lower amount of inflammatory cell infiltration in the stomach compared to the placebo.

Conclusion

Clarithromycin was more effective than pexiganan at all tested concentrations. Furthermore, the pexiganan-loaded LLCs exhibited superior efficacy in curing H. pylori infection in a mouse model compared to pexiganan alone. This formulation can enhance H. pylori clearance while mitigating the adverse effects, typically associated with conventional drugs, leading to a viable alternative to current treatment options.
Enhancing mitosis quantification and detection in meningiomas with computational digital pathology
Authors: Gu Hongyan , Yang Chunxu , Al-kharouf Issa , Magaki Shino , Lakis Nelli , Williams Christopher Kazu , Alrosan Sallam Mohammad , Onstott Ellie Kate , Yan Wenzhong , Khanlou Negar , Cobos Inma , Zhang Xinhai Robert , Zarrin-Khameh Neda , Vinters Harry V. , Chen Xiang Anthony , Haeri Mohammad
Published: January 2024

Mitosis is a critical criterion for meningioma grading. However, pathologists’ assessment of mitoses is subject to significant inter-observer variation due to challenges in locating mitosis hotspots and accurately detecting mitotic figures. To address this issue, we leverage digital pathology and propose a computational strategy to enhance pathologists’ mitosis assessment. The strategy has two components: (1) A depth-first search algorithm that quantifies the mathematically maximum mitotic count in 10 consecutive high-power fields, which can enhance the preciseness, especially in cases with borderline mitotic count. (2) Implementing a collaborative sphere to group a set of pathologists to detect mitoses under each high-power field, which can mitigate subjective random errors in mitosis detection originating from individual detection errors. By depth-first search algorithm (1) , we analyzed 19 meningioma slides and discovered that the proposed algorithm upgraded two borderline cases verified at consensus conferences. This improvement is attributed to the algorithm’s ability to quantify the mitotic count more comprehensively compared to other conventional methods of counting mitoses. In implementing a collaborative sphere (2) , we evaluated the correctness of mitosis detection from grouped pathologists and/or pathology residents, where each member of the group annotated a set of 48 high-power field images for mitotic figures independently. We report that groups with sizes of three can achieve an average precision of 0.897 and sensitivity of 0.699 in mitosis detection, which is higher than an average pathologist in this study (precision: 0.750, sensitivity: 0.667). The proposed computational strategy can be integrated with artificial intelligence workflow, which envisions the future of achieving a rapid and robust mitosis assessment by interactive assisting algorithms that can ultimately benefit patient management.
Familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 with intrathoracic low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma
Authors: Ishida Hiroto , Funaki Soichiro , Taniguchi Seiji , Morii Eiichi , Shintani Yasushi
Published: January 2024

Background

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a hereditary tumor syndrome characterized by endocrine tumors with mainly a parathyroid, pancreatic, or anterior pituitary origin. Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is a rare low-grade soft tissue tumor. There is one known report of a patient with MEN1 complicated by LGFMS, which is very rare. Our report represents the second documented case, providing valuable insights.

Case presentation

A 31-year-old man with the chief complaint of a cough underwent chest contrast-enhanced computed tomography, which revealed a giant hypoabsorptive tumor with a maximum diameter of 23 cm in the left thoracic cavity. The patient was diagnosed with MEN1, as he also possessed a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor and parathyroid tumor, and because his father had been found to have MEN1. To control hypercalcemia, surgery for the parathyroid tumor was initially performed, followed by surgical resection of the giant thoracic tumor for diagnosis and treatment. Histopathological examination findings of the tumor resulted in a diagnosis of LGFMS.

Conclusion

We experienced a very rare MEN1 with LGFMS. Although endocrine tumors generally occur more frequently in MEN1, non-endocrine tumors such as the present case should also be noted, reinforcing the importance of systemic imaging scrutiny in addition to early diagnosis and long-term follow-up of MEN1 patients.
Genomic and Immunophenotypic Landscape of Acquired Resistance to PD-(L)1 Blockade in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ricciuti Biagio , Lamberti Giuseppe , Puchala Sreekar R. , Mahadevan Navin R. , Lin Jia-Ren , Alessi Joao V. , Chowdhury Alexander , Li Yvonne Y. , Wang Xinan , Spurr Liam , Pecci Federica , Di Federico Alessandro , Venkatraman Deepti , Barrichello Adriana P. , Gandhi Malini , Vaz Victor R. , Pangilinan Andy J. , Haradon Danielle , Lee Elinton , Gupta Hersh , Pfaff Kathleen L. , Welsh Emma L. , Nishino Mizuki , Cherniack Andrew D. , Johnson Bruce E. , Weirather Jason L , Dryg Ian D , Rodig Scott J. , Sholl Lynette M. , Sorger Peter , Santagata Sandro , Umeton Renato , Awad Mark M.
Published: January 2024

PURPOSE

Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have extended survival in patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), acquired resistance (AR) to ICI frequently develops after an initial benefit. However, the mechanisms of AR to ICI in NSCLC are largely unknown.

METHODS

Comprehensive tumor genomic profiling, machine learning–based assessment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, multiplexed immunofluorescence, and/or HLA-I immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed on matched pre- and post-ICI tumor biopsies from patients with NSCLC treated with ICI at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute who developed AR to ICI. Two additional cohorts of patients with intervening chemotherapy or targeted therapies between biopsies were included as controls.

RESULTS

We performed comprehensive genomic profiling and immunophenotypic characterization on samples from 82 patients with NSCLC and matched pre- and post-ICI biopsies and compared findings with a control cohort of patients with non-ICI intervening therapies between biopsies (chemotherapy, N = 32; targeted therapies, N = 89; both, N = 17). Putative resistance mutations were identified in 27.8% of immunotherapy-treated cases and included acquired loss-of-function mutations in STK11, B2M, APC, MTOR, KEAP1, and JAK1/ 2; these acquired alterations were not observed in the control groups. Immunophenotyping of matched pre- and post-ICI samples demonstrated significant decreases in intratumoral lymphocytes, CD3e+ and CD8a+ T cells, and PD-L1–PD1 engagement, as well as increased distance between tumor cells and CD8+PD-1+ T cells. There was a significant decrease in HLA class I expression in the immunotherapy cohort at the time of AR compared with the chemotherapy ( P = .005) and the targeted therapy ( P = .01) cohorts.

CONCLUSION

These findings highlight the genomic and immunophenotypic heterogeneity of ICI resistance in NSCLC, which will need to be considered when developing novel therapeutic strategies aimed at overcoming resistance.
Σκηνές της ετερότητας
Authors: Κουμπαρούλη Ειρήνη
Published: January 2024

H παρούσα έρευνα εξετάζει εκδοχές της σχέσης ταυτότητας – ετερότητας στο πεδίο του κοινοτικού μέσα από τη μελέτη λατρευτικών επιτελεστικών πρακτικών που έχουν τη μορφή αγερμού, προκειμένου να εξετάσει τον τρόπο παραγωγής της χωρικότητας του κατωφλίου. Με την υπόθεση ότι η μαγικοθρησκευτική πράξη παραγωγής του καθαγιασμένου χώρου, δημιουργεί μια αναρώτηση σε σχέση με το νοηματικό περιεχόμενο των επιτελεστικών πρακτικών που τον παράγουν σήμερα και με τη σκέψη πως η διάβαση των κατωφλιών, στα πλαίσια των αγερμικών εθιμικών δρώμενων, στον αντίποδα της παραγωγής περίκλειστων επικρατειών - συλλαμβάνει και οργανώνει με διαφορετικούς τρόπους τα όρια της κοινοτικής ταυτότητας, η παρούσα έρευνα εξετάζει τις εκδοχές την παραγωγή της χωρικότητας του κατωφλίου σε τρία επίπεδα: α) στο επίπεδο της οικίας, β) στο επίπεδο του οικισμού, γ) στο επίπεδο του σώματος. Κεντρικό ερευνητικό ερώτημα είναι αν μπορούν οι επιτελεστικές πρακτικές των ευετηριακών εθιμικών αγερμικών δρώμενων να αποτελέσουν «σκηνές» όπου η ταυτότητα του κοινοτικού γίγνεσθαι, μέσω επάλληλων γειτνιάσεων με το ιερό, να συγκροτήσει διαφορικές σχέσεις με την ετερότητα και επομένως διαφορετική παραγωγή χωροχρονικών συνθηκών του κατωφλιού. Η έρευνα εξετάζει τέσσερα εθιμικά δρώμενα και εστιάζει στους τρόπους κατοίκησης τριών διαφορετικών όψεων της χωροχρονικής συνθήκης του κατωφλίου: 1)το κατώφλι ως χωρική κυριολεξία: o τρόπος κατοίκησης του κατωφλιού ως πραγματικός χώρος στα πλαίσια της εθιμικής επιτελεστικής διαδικασίας του αγερμού, 2)τo κατώφλι ως ενδιάθετη χωρικότητα - ιεροτοπία. 3)το κατώφλι ως παράγωγο θεατρικής συμπεριφοράς: εξετάζονται τι είδους μεταμορφωτικές διαδικασίες αναπτύσσονται στη τελεστική συμπεριφορά και ποιος ο τρόπος των περασμάτων προς την ετερότητα.
A classification approach to face recognition technologies
Authors: Μπουχάγιαρ Γεώργιος
Published: January 2024

Οι τεχνολογίες αναγνώρισης προσώπου ολοένα και χρησιμοποιούνται στον ιδιωτικό και δημόσιο τομέα, δίχως επαρκείς διασφαλίσεις. Αυτή η διατριβή εξετάζει σημαντικές ρυθμιστικές προκλήσεις σχετικά με τη χρήση των τεχνολογιών αυτών στην Ευρώπη. Βρίσκοντας τεχνολογική ουδετερότητα στο νόμο, ανασφάλεια δικαίου στη νομολογία και το ρίσκο της υπερ-επίβλεψης, προτείνει μια εκ των προτέρων και στοχευμένη προσέγγιση ταξινόμησης, προκειμένου να περιοριστεί η παρέμβαση στο δικαίωμα στη ιδιωτικότητα. Σύμφωνα με τη προτεινόμενη προσέγγιση, μια ομάδα ειδικών μπορεί να εξετάσει μια συγκεκριμένη τεχνολογία, να σταθμίσει τα συγκρουόμενα συμφέροντα, να ταξινομήσει τη συγκεκριμένη χρήση και, τελικά, να εκδώσει μια απόφαση που θα επιτρέπει (ενδεχομένως υπό όρους) ή θα απορρίπτει τη χρήση της τεχνολογίας (πριν την, στην πράξη, υιοθέτηση αυτής).
Henry James, Dorothy Richardson, Walter Benjamin
Authors: Μαρίνου Χρυσή
Published: January 2024

Η παρούσα διατριβή διερευνά τους τρόπους µε τους οποίους ο καπιταλισµός, κυρίαρχος στη νεωτερικότητα, καταγράφεται στο έργο των Χένρι Τζέιµς και Ντόροθι Μίλλερ Ρίτσαρντσον. Ο κριτικός στοχασµός του Βάλτερ Μπένγιαµιν αποτελεί µεθοδολογικό εργαλείο και ερµηνευτικό πρότυπο για την αντιστικτική και συγκριτική προσέγγιση του έργου των δυο συγγραφέων. Οι θεµατικοί άξονες που εξετάζονται είναι ο αστικός χώρος, η κοινωνική τάξη σε συνδυασµό µε την εργασιακή δύναµη, και το εµπόρευµα ως µορφή του υλικού και έκφραση τουκαπιταλισµού. Επιχειρώ τη διαλεκτική συνοµιλία συγκεκριµένων έργων των δύο συγγραφέων µε σκοπό να αναδείξω την αρχειακή λογική τους σε σχέση µε τη νεωτερική συνθήκη. Το πολύτοµο µυθιστόρηµα Pilgrimage (1915-1938) της Ρίτσαρντσον εξετάζεται συνθετικά µε τα έργα του Τζέιµς: Το Πορτραίτο µιας Κυρίας (1881), το διήγηµα «Το Αυθεντικό» (1892), και το ταξιδιωτικό κείµενο The American Scene (1907), καθώς επίσης και δοκίµια τους. Υποστηρίζω ότι ο Τζέιµς και η Ρίτσαρντσον οικοδοµούν λογοτεχνικά αρχεία συγκρίσιµα µε το Μπενγιαµινικό υπόδειγµα. Η εκκοσµικευµένη κριτική του Μπένγιαµιν, ως πρότυπο αρχειακής λογικής, προσφέρει το θεωρητικό πλαίσιο της παρούσας εργασίας: µπενγιαµινικές έννοιες όπως η ρευστότητα των ορίων µεταξύ ιδιωτικής καιδηµόσιας σφαίρας, ο φετιχισµός του εµπορεύµατος, το αστικό παλίµψηστο, το ερείπιο, και η διαλεκτική εικόνα εξετάζονται στα έργα των Τζέιµς και Ρίτσαρντσον. Έργα όπως τα The Origin of the German Tragic Drama (1928), Μονόδροµος (1928), Τα Παιδικά Χρόνια στο Βερολίνο γύρω στα 1900 (1938), The Writer of Modern Life: Essays on Charles Baudelaire (1969), The Arcades Project (1982), και δοκίµια όπως τα «Αποσυσκευάζοντας τη Βιβλιοθήκη µου» (1931), και «Ο Συγγραφέας ως Παραγωγός» (1934) αναδεικνύουν µια πληθώρα θεµάτων που επίσης απαντώνται στον Τζέιµς και την Ρίτσαρντσον. Το µητροπολιτικό περιβάλλον και η λειτουργία του ως εµπορικό θέατρο ανταλλακτικών αξιών εγγράφονται στη λογοτεχνική παραγωγή των συγγραφέων. Η φαντασµαγορία της αγοράς κυριαρχεί όχι µόνο στις διαπροσωπικές σχέσεις, αλλά και στην εργασία, στις διαδρομές του πλάνητα στην πόλη, και στην αυξανόµενη κινητικότητα των γυναικών. H Ρίτσαρντσον καταγράφει την έµφυλη εµπειρία στην αγορά εργασίας, την πόλη, και τη σφαίρα της πολιτικής, δείχνοντας την συµµετοχή των γυναικών στον επαγγελµατικό στίβο, αλλά και την εµµονή του µοντερνισµού µε το καθηµερινό, το κοινότυπο, το υλικό. Ο Τζέιµς αναφέρεται στην κυριαρχία της καπιταλιστικής οικονοµίας και τις συνέπειες της για την ανθρώπινη ζωή καθώς και στην επαφή τωνΑµερικανών µε τον «Παλαιό Κόσµο» της Ευρώπης. Με αυτήν την έννοια, το «λογοτεχνικό µοντάζ» του Μπένγιαµιν και η εναντίωση σε ερµηνευτικά σχήµατα υποδεικνύουν την ανάγνωση του συγκειµένου των συγγραφέων σε αντιδιαστολή µε παραδοσιακές αναγνώσεις που θέλουν τον Τζέιµς καλλιτέχνη της αστικής τάξης, την Ρίτσαρντσον φορέα µιας αποκλειστικά γυναικείας γραφής και τον Μπένγιαµιν παραπαίοντα ανάµεσα στη µεταφυσική και τον Μαρξισµό.
Fluctuations in perceptual decisions
Authors: Θεοδώνη Παναγιώτα
Published: January 2024

Οι διακυμάνσεις στις αντιληπτικές αποφάσεις εμφανίζονται όταν ο εγκέφαλός μας έρχεται αντιμέτωπος με διφορούμενα αισθητηριακά ερεθίσματα. Για παράδειγμα, η αντίληψή μας εναλλάσσεται μεταξύ δύο αντικρουόμενων εικόνων όταν παρουσιάζονται διχοπτικά στα μάτια μας, επιτρέποντας μια διάσπαση της αισθητηριακής διέγερσης από τη συνειδητή οπτική αντίληψη και επομένως παρέχοντας μια πύλη στη συνείδηση. Πώς λειτουργεί ο εγκέφαλος όταν αντιμετωπίζει τόσο διφορούμενα αισθητηριακά ερεθίσματα; Αντιμετωπίσαμε αυτό το ερώτημα θεωρητικά χρησιμοποιώντας ένα βιοφυσικά ρεαλιστικό δίκτυο ελκυστικών, που με συνέπεια το ανάγαμε σε ένα μοντέλο τεσσάρων μεταβλητών, βασισμένο στη ρυθμική νευρωνική δραστηριότητα, και εξάγοντας αναλυτικές εκφράσεις για στατιστική δεύτερης τάξης. Θεωρήσαμε νευροφυσιολογικά δεδομένα ανθρώπινης συμπεριφοράς και μακάκου που συλλέχθηκαν όταν τα υποκείμενα αντιμετώπιζαν τέτοιες ασάφειες. Τα αποτελέσματά μας δείχνουν τη συνάφεια της προσαρμογής των νευρώνων στη λήψη αντιληπτικών αποφάσεων, καθώς και ότι συμβάλλει στην αντιστάθμιση ταχύτητας-ακρίβειας. Επιπλέον, τα ευρήματά μας επιβεβαιώνουν ότι τόσο ο θόρυβος όσο και η νευρική προσαρμογή λειτουργούν σε ισορροπία κατά τη διάρκεια των κυμαινόμενων καταστάσεων της οπτικής επίγνωσης και υποδηλώνουν ότι ενώ η προσαρμογή στην αναστολή δεν σχετίζεται με τις αντιληπτικές εναλλαγές, συμβάλλει στη δυναμική του εγκεφάλου σε ηρεμία. Τέλος, εξηγούμε την παρατηρούμενη νευρωνική αποσυσχέτιση θορύβου κατά τη διάρκεια της οπτικής συνείδησης και παρέχουμε προτάσεις για το μακροχρόνιο ερώτημα: πού επιλύεται ο ανταγωνισμός στον εγκέφαλο.
In silico comparison between the mutated and wild-type androgen receptors and their influence on the selection of optimum androgenic receptor blockers for the treatment of prostate cancer
Authors: AL-Zobaidy Mohammed J. , Akeel Al-Hussaniy Hany , S. Al-tameemi Zahraa
Published: January 2024

Background: Prostate cancer is a disease that occurs in men aged more than 50 years. In Iraq, 8.89 men per 100,000 population suffer from prostate cancer, with the incidence being 14,016 cases and mortality being 6,367 cases. Despite advances in treatment against prostate cancer, it can become resistant to drugs. Therefore, the aim of current study was to search and identify binding sites for the repositioning of drugs by computational methods (docking).  Methods: Based on the protein structure of the wild androgen receptor, the analysis parameters (22x22x22 on the X, Y, and Z axes) were established. Results: The interactions of the natural ligands with androgen receptor were 10.0 (testosterone) and 10.8 (dihydrotestosterone) while mutated androgen receptor (T877A) had a low affinity with testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (-5.3 and -6.7, respectively). In the interactions of both receptors with the reported inhibitors (antagonists), a decrease with Bicalutamide (-8.3 and -4.3, respectively) and an increase in affinity with Flutamide and Nilutamide (-7.7 and 8.6, wild AR; -8.7 and -9.3 AR T877A) were observed. As for Enzalutamide and Apalutamide (second-generation antagonists), the change was minimal between wild androgen receptor and T877A (-7.6 and -7.7; -7.3 and -7.3, respectively). The change in the affinity of the ligands with androgen receptor and androgen receptor T877A shows how a mutation alters the bonds between these molecules. Conclusion: The identification of key sites and potent inhibitors against abnormal androgen receptor functions will enrich prostate cancer treatments.
PHILOSOPHICAL CONCEPTS IN A CHANGING WORLD: MIGRATION OF IDEAS AND TRANSFORMATION OF MEANINGS
Authors:   Murmansk Arctic University, Mester Béla ,   Research Center for Humanities
Published: January 2024

В настоящей монографии представлены тексты, подготовленные участниками российско-венгерского исследовательского проекта, направленного на изучение миграции идей. Авторы рассматривают проблемы, связанные с общими вопросами межкультурного взаимодействия в контексте модернизационных процессов и системных общественных изменений в условиях глобализации, а также анализируют различные аспекты европейской интеллектуальной истории и философии образования. Издание адресовано исследователям, преподавателям, аспирантам, студентам и широкой общественности, интересующейся проблемами философии и науки. Издание подготовлено при финансовой поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований и Фонда «За русский язык и культуру» в Венгрии в рамках научного проекта № 20-511-23002 «Миграция идей и формирование национальных философских традиций: диалоги поверх границ».
Professional Achievements of Teachers: Scientific Representations and Longitudinal Analysis of Changes
Authors: Volkov V. , Modestova T.
Published: January 2024

The article presents an analysis of research by Russian scientists devoted to the identification, evaluation and support of professional achievements of teachers conducted in the period from 2001 to 2023. In the course of the analysis, the authors also identified some features of the development by scientists of the substantive

aspects of the concept of «professional achievements of teachers». On this basis, to compare of the results of the author's research in 2000 and 2023 on the essence of professional achievements, the peculiarities of their perception by teachers, as well as the actual significance of individual components of achievements is determined. Based on the results of theoretical analysis, generalization and interpretation of the empirical data obtained, the authors formulated a number of possible management decisions aimed at providing conditions for the professional development of teachers of preschool and schools in the modern realities of Russian education.
Management of Professional Development of Teachers by Means of Competitions of Professional Achievements
Authors: Manuzuna E. , Trubnikova N. , Vebster A.
Published: January 2024

The article analyzes modern approaches to managing the professional development of teachers by means of professional achievement competitions.

The aim of the study is the theoretical substantiation, implementation and experimental verification of the model for managing the professional development of teachers through professional achievement competitions.

The article describes the results of a study of the level of professional development of teachers using diagnostic methods "Assessing the level of teacher readiness for development" by V.I. Zvereva and N.V. Nemova, "Methodology for determining the level of self-development and professional and pedagogical activity" L.N. Berezhnova, "Methodology for assessing the basic competencies of a teacher" L.A. Adambayeva.

The organizational and pedagogical conditions for managing the professional development of teachers by means of professional achievement competitions are presented: organization of advisory and methodological support for teachers in the process of preparing and participating in professional achievement competitions; creation of a system of moral and material incentives for teaching staff based on the results of participation in competitive events; organization of effective cooperative interaction between teachers - participants in competitions on the basis of an educational organization; creation of a "School of Personal Growth" for teachers participating in competitions of pedagogical achievements.
Peculiarities of Relationships in a Family with a Preschool Child with General Speech Underdevelopment
Authors: Potylicina V. , Lyubicheva V.
Published: January 2024

The article is devoted to the problem of relationships in families raising children with speech disorders. It presents the results of an empirical study of the peculiarities of the parenting style in the family, the attitude of parents towards a child with speech impairments, as well as the attitude of the child towards adults in the family. The drawings of parents and children are examined and compared, and a description of each detail in the drawing is given. The results of the child's choice are analyzed when comparing the color and order of the card with the parent. Based on the experiment, conclusions and a way to solve this problem were reflected.
The Principles of Public Institutionality of School Education in Russia
Authors: Suhorukov V. , Buchek A.
Published: January 2024

The scale of the modern education system and the role of the educational paradigm in Russia's strategic plans are emphasized. The authors explains the social necessity of creating the necessary conditions and mechanisms that improve the organizational characteristics of education and ensure the effective solution of current and future tasks in the educational field. The principle of unity of educational space on the territory of the Russian Federation is analyzed. The main institutions that postulate the meanings of education and regulate the stability of the entire educational complex are highlighted. Attention is focused on the essential assessment of the institutions of upbringing, learning, pedagogical education, and pedagogical science. The issue of recognition of pedagogy and pedagogical education as a national heritage and heritage responsible for the reproduction of the collective worldview and social harmony of Russian society is discussed. Additional organizational and technological steps aimed at improving Russian education are proposed. The goals and objectives of the study are related to the need for systematic improvement of the country's educational complex.
The Impact of Digital Technologies on the Development of Dance Employment in China
Authors: Van Hay
Published: January 2024

The first attempts to create interactive devices that allow interacting with simulated reality or supplementing reality with superimposed information were made at the beginning of the XX century, the concept of mixed reality ("the continuum of reality-virtuality), the elements of which are AR and VR in the modern view, is quite young (24 years), as well as the market of technologies themselves virtual and augmented reality. And although the concepts and concepts of virtual and augmented reality have not undergone radical changes over the past 30 years, virtual and augmented reality technologies have gone through a significant evolutionary path both in terms of improving devices and software, and content, and have already experienced several growth spurts. Their use will not be limited only to the sphere of entertainment and games. Many experts believe that virtual and augmented reality technologies, along with BigData, cloud technologies, artificial intelligence and some others, will become key technologies of the quadruple industrial revolution.
Safety and side effects of suxamethonium in clinical practice – literature overview
Authors: Mazur Bartosz , Greguła Anna , Stachyrak Karol , Mika Dawid , Kłos Aleksandra , Turek Kamila , Lambach Maciej , Pawlicki Mateusz , Mazurek Aleksandra , Wilanowska Wiktoria
Published: January 2024

Introduction and purpose
Muscle relaxants have been integral to medical practice for decades, benefiting both anesthesiologists for smooth patient intubation and surgeons requiring deep muscle relaxation. This article focuses on succinylcholine, a prominent muscle relaxant, exploring its historical context, efficacy, and the accumulated data on potential life-threatening side effects. The manuscript analyzes the available knowledge regarding the adverse effects of succinylcholine in clinical practice, presenting literature-identified methods aimed at risk mitigation. Summarizing the current understanding of succinylcholine's risks seeks to enhance its effective use, decrease adverse incidents in patients, and contribute to the overall safety of both patients and healthcare providers.
 
Material and methods
The following review of studies was based on articles obtained from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Key search terms included suxamethonium, succinylcholine, suxamethonium hyperkalemia, suxamethonium myalgia, suxamethonium anaphylaxis, suxamethonium cholinesterase deficiency, and suxamethonium malignant hyperthermia.
 
Conclusions
Suxamethonium's adverse effects range from muscle pain-related discomfort to rare, potentially lethal multi-organ complications, impacting patients' health diversely. Despite its drawbacks, succinylcholine remains crucial in anesthesiology. Ongoing research offers avenues to counteract or mitigate side effects. However, these methods necessitate further research to develop universal, widely available protocols in clinical settings.
Managment of acute esophageal variceal bleeding
Authors: Cymer Radosław , Jurasz Karolina , Podgórska Dominika , Rzeska Ewa , Sanecki Miłosz , Tomczyk Karolina , Chojnacka Natalia , Klarycki Jakub
Published: January 2024

Krwawienie z żylaków przełyku jest poważnym powikłaniem nadciśnienia wrotnego spowodowanego marskością wątroby. Cele leczenia tej choroby obejmują kontrolę krwotoku, minimalizację ryzyka ponownego krwawienia, zapobieganie powikłaniom i zmniejszenie śmiertelności, co wymaga podejścia wielodyscyplinarnego. W ostrych epizodach interwencje obejmują leki wazoaktywne, antybiotyki i techniki endoskopowe. Klasyfikacja pacjentów przy użyciu gradientu ciśnienia żylnego wątroby (HVPG) i systemów punktacji pomaga w stratyfikacji ryzyka i szybkiej interwencji. Z farmakologicznego punktu widzenia leki wazoaktywne odgrywają kluczową rolę, a nowe strategie, takie jak transfuzja pod kontrolą TEG i wczesne TIPS, przyczyniają się do ewolucji standardów. Ogólnie rzecz biorąc, w ostatnich dziesięcioleciach nastąpił znaczny postęp w leczeniu krwawień z żylaków przełyku, poprawiający wyniki i udoskonalający podejścia terapeutyczne.
The impact of physical activity on the risk and severity of COVID-19 infection
Authors: Kujawa Aleksandra , Matuszewska Urszula , Nykowska Aleksandra , Beutler Katarzyna , Bijata Bartosz , Burek Dawid , Paszkowska Aleksandra
Published: January 2024

Introduction: A rapid outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in the past few years caused a significant increase in the number of upper respiratory tract infections throughout the world. Numerous public health institutions tried to control the COVID-19 pandemic, including mandatory mask wearing, vaccinations, increased frequency of using disinfectants or compulsory lockdowns. Lockdown interventions were necessary, although they lead to insufficient, comparing to the international recommendations, levels of physical activity, which could trigger an elevated susceptibility to diseases of affluence.

Purpose: Regular aerobic exercise may suppress inflammation, boost innate immunity and result in enhanced protection against viral infections. This review aims to show the relationship between level of physical activity and the risk and severity of COVID-19 infection
Empleo no estandarizado en Alemania: trabajadores por cuenta propia y trabajadores en mini-empleos.
Authors: Devetzi Stamatia
Published: January 2024

The paper discusses two forms of “non-standard” work in Germany: selfemployment and the so-called “Mini-Jobs”. While in the majority of EU countries the self-employed are systematically covered by social security schemes, compulsory social insurance in Germany is limited only to a few special groups of the self-employed. Another German “peculiarity” are the “mini-jobs”, which are treated differently than “regular jobs” under tax and social law. The paper first gives a brief overview of the German social security system, before discussing the social security situation of self-employed in Germany. Then, the so-called “Mini-Jobs” and their European dimension are described and discussed.
La protección social de las trabajadoras del servicio de ayuda a domicilio como modalidad de empleo atípico.
Authors: Baquero Aguilar Jorge
Published: January 2024

Las formas de trabajo atípico se han venido desarrollando a lo largo de las últimas décadas con ocasión del surgimiento de nuevas realidades laborales. Tanto la inclusión de dichas realidades emergentes como su conceptualización dejan entrever la complejidad de la dimensión del concepto. El marco jurídico del trabajo del Servicio de Ayuda a Domicilio parte de una compleja interrelación de la normativa estatal y autonómica con las matizaciones que introduce el marco local donde se materializa la prestación del servicio. Las características de dicho trabajo conllevan una problemática subyacente al desarrollo del mismo que engloban una gran cantidad de aristas que pueden provocar una devaluación del trabajo y un marco deficiente para las personas trabajadoras de dichos servicios. Se relaciona esta modalidad de trabajo atípico con los postulados del trabajo decente. Se plantean algunas propuestas de mejora que podrían incidir en las condiciones de trabajo de este colectivo altamente feminizado.
Las medidas de ajuste razonable como canon de legalidad de las decisiones empresariales.
Authors: Salas Porras María
Published: January 2024

La entrada en vigor de la Ley 15/2022 de 12 de julio, Integral para la Igualdad de Trato y la No Discriminación, quizá de forma inconsciente, ha puesto en evidencia la trascendencia que asume el concepto jurídico de “ajuste razonable” a la hora de considerar no ajustadas a derecho las decisiones empresariales que entrañan la extinción de la relación contractual cuando se asientan, las tales decisiones, en cuestiones relacionadas con la discriminación por razón de la discapacidad que pueda derivar de la enfermedad, el estado de salud, el estado serológico y la predisposición genética a sufrir patologías y trastornos. El estudio que ahora comienza se destina, pues, a abordar aquel concepto jurídico desde una triple perspectiva –normativa, jurisprudencial y doctrinal– a fin de presentar una foto fija de su régimen jurídico en España.
Ley 15/2022, de 12 de julio, integral para la igualdad de trato y la no discriminación: ¿un ‘hito’ e ‘instrumento trascendental’ para la lucha contra el racismo en el empleo por cuenta ajena?.
Authors: McKenzie Shelagh
Published: January 2024

On, 21 March 2023, the International Day of the Elimination of Racism, the Spanish government, declared that the Comprehensive Law on the Equality of Treatment and Non-Discrimination passed law year, was a ‘a milestone’ and that its application and development will constitute, without doubt, ‘an important tool’ in the fight against racism. This article will examine to what extent this is a reasonable assertion in the context of tackling racial or ethnicity discrimination relating to the workplace. It will also make suggestions for the proposed new Organic Law Against Racism, Racial Discrimination and Connected Forms of Intolerance which, at the time of writing, has yet to be published.
¿Derecho o deber del ciudadano a relacionarse electrónicamente con las Administraciones Públicas? Análisis de las impugnaciones judiciales en aplicación de los artículos 14 y 68.4 de la LPACAP y del impacto del Real Decreto 203/2021, de 30 de marzo, por el que se aprueba el Reglamento de actuación y funcionamiento del sector público por medios electrónicos.
Authors: Domínguez Barragán María Luisa
Published: January 2024

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo el estudio jurisprudencial relativo al derecho u obligación del ciudadano a relacionarse, a través de medios electrónicos, con las Administraciones Públicas. Así, se lleva a cabo la profundización en las distintas resoluciones judiciales que, desde 2016, han interpretado los artículos 14 y 68 de la LPACAP y el impacto que, en esta materia ha tenido la norma de desarrollo.