bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Vindication of the Rights of Men, in a Letter to the Right Honourable Edmund Burke
Authors: Wollstonecraft Mary
Published: July 2011

Mary Wollstonecraft (1759–1797) published A Vindication of the Rights of Men anonymously in 1790. The pamphlet sold out within three weeks to great acclaim, though later editions published under her own name met with notable opprobrium. It was the first of many printed responses to Edmund Burke's conservative attacks on the French Revolution, and it marked Wollstonecraft's entry into the intellectual arena of the late eighteenth century. She attacked hereditary privilege and political conservatism, arguing for codified civil rights and political liberty. She also highlighted Burke's gendered language and criticised his silence on the plight of women. Wollstonecraft has inspired reverence and revulsion alike, for both her work and her lifestyle. Her prescience and nonconformity, however, have secured her position in the canon of distinguished eighteenth-century political thinkers. For more information on this author, see http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=wollma
The Life of Jesus, Critically Examined
Authors: Strauss David Friedrich
Published: July 2011

The German theologian David Friedrich Strauss (1808–1874) first published his highly controversial The Life of Jesus in three volumes between 1835 and 1836. This translation, by George Eliot, is based on the fourth German edition (1840). In this work Strauss applied strict historical methods to the New Testament gospel narratives and caused scandal across the Protestant world by concluding that all miraculous elements in the life of Jesus were mythical and ahistorical. In volume 2 Strauss applies modern historical criticism to 'de-mythologize' the idea of Jesus as Messiah; the narratives about the disciples; the discourses in the Synoptic gospels and the Fourth Gospel; the non-miraculous events; and the miracles' narratives. This is a key text of nineteenth-century theology that pioneered the application of historical and scientific methods to the study of religions and religious texts. It is essential reading for any student of the New Testament.
Memoirs of Eminent Englishwomen
Authors: Costello Louisa Stuart
Published: July 2011

Louisa Stuart Costello (1799–1870) was a poet and artist who supported her family with her paintings. As well as writing a number of historical novels, Costello researched and wrote the biographies of many prominent women, using their letters and diaries to tell their extraordinary stories. This fourth volume chronicles the lives of two women; politician and courtier Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough, and poet and satirist Lady Mary Wortley Montagu. Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough, was the close confidante of Queen Anne, and her memoirs offer a detailed picture of the rise and decline of the long friendship between two women at the centre of political life. Lady Mary was an intrepid traveller, an early advocate of inoculation for smallpox, and a feminist poet who had a bitter feud with Alexander Pope. For more information on this author, see http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=costlo
The Cities and Cemeteries of Etruria
Authors: Dennis George
Published: July 2011

George Dennis (1814–1898) was a British antiquarian who was the first modern investigator of ancient Etruria and Etruscan archaeological remains. After visiting Etruria several times between 1842 and 1847, Dennis entered the diplomatic service, becoming pro–consul to Sicily in 1863. These volumes, first published in 1848, are the result of his travels in Etruria and contain the first scholarly account of Etruscan archaeological sites. Originally written as a guide for tourists who wished to see ancient sites beyond the familiar Roman remains, the book describes the antiquities in each Etruscan city in great detail, with major centres such as Veii having a section each for the city and cemetery remains. Illustrated with images of antiquities, architectural remains and plans of the larger sites, this volume provides valuable information on sites which have since been lost, destroyed or damaged. Volume 1 includes the sites of Veii and Tarquinia.
Peloponnesiaca
Authors: Leake William Martin
Published: July 2011

William Martin Leake (1777–1860) was a British military officer and classical scholar specialising in reconstructing the topography of ancient cities. He was a founding member of the Royal Geographical Society and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1815. First published in 1846, this volume was originally intended as a supplement to Leake's authoritative topographical survey of the Peloponnese, Travels in the Morea, also reissued in this series. The book is organised as a series of articles referencing historical sites, providing detailed descriptions of artefacts, sites and geographical features mentioned in Travels in the Morea, using information from the French Commission of Geography, Natural History and Archaeology which visited the area between 1829 and 1831. Leake was the first scholar to identify many ancient sites in the Peloponnese, and his precise observations led to his publications becoming authoritative for the classical archaeological sites of the region.
Before Forgiveness
Authors: Konstan David
Published: July 2011

In this book, David Konstan argues that the modern concept of interpersonal forgiveness, in the full sense of the term, did not exist in ancient Greece and Rome. Even more startlingly, it is not fully present in the Hebrew Bible, nor in the New Testament or in the early Jewish and Christian commentaries on the Holy Scriptures. It would still be centuries - many centuries - before the idea of interpersonal forgiveness, with its accompanying ideas of apology, remorse, and a change of heart on the part of the wrongdoer, would emerge. For all its vast importance today in religion, law, politics and psychotherapy, interpersonal forgiveness is a creation of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, when the Christian concept of divine forgiveness was fully secularized. Forgiveness was God's province and it took a revolution in thought to bring it to earth and make it a human trait.
The West Indies
Authors: Halliday Andrew
Published: July 2011

Sir Andrew Halliday (1782–1839) served as a surgeon in the Peninsular War, and then as a royal physician. In 1832 he was appointed Inspector of Hospitals in the West Indies until ill-health forced his return to Scotland. During his time there he collected the information for this work, published in 1837. His study of the Windward and Leeward Islands in the West Indies is comprehensive. He covers the colonisation, administration, religious, social and economic history of the islands, flora and fauna, and the climate and diseases of the region. Trinidad he judged to be the most unhealthy of the islands, with malaria being a serious problem due to the terrain and vegetation. He kept meteorological records, and commented on seasonal patterns of illnesses. He also discusses the effects of the abolition of slavery, believing that the scare-mongering of the anti-abolitionists had been proved false.
Geophysical Continua
Authors: Kennett B. L. N. , Bunge H.-P.
Published: July 2011

Geophysical Continua presents a systematic treatment of deformation in the Earth from seismic to geologic time scales, and demonstrates the linkages between different aspects of the Earth's interior that are often treated separately. A unified treatment of solids and fluids is developed to include thermodynamics and electrodynamics, in order to cover the full range of tools needed to understand the interior of the globe. The emphasis throughout the book is on relating seismological observations with interpretations of earth processes. Physical principles and mathematical descriptions are developed that can be applied to a broad spectrum of geodynamic problems. Incorporating illustrative examples and an introduction to modern computational techniques, this textbook is designed for graduate-level courses in geophysics and geodynamics. It is also a useful reference for practising Earth Scientists.
The Elements of UML™ 2.0 Style
Authors: Ambler Scott W.
Published: July 2011

For all developers who create models using the Unified Modeling Language (UML) 2.x The Elements of UML™ 2.0 Style sets the rules for style that will improve your productivity - especially in teams, where understandability and consistency are critical. Coming from renowned UML expert Scott Ambler, the book furnishes a set of rules for modelling in the UML and describes a collection of standards and guidelines for creating effective UML diagrams that will be concise and easy to understand. It provides conventions for: Class diagrams; Timing Diagrams; Use case diagrams; Composite Structure Diagrams; Sequence diagrams; Interaction Overview Diagrams; Activity diagrams; Object diagrams; State machine diagrams; Package diagrams; Communication diagrams; Deployment diagrams and Component diagrams. The Elements of UML™ 2.0 Style sets the rules for style that will improve your productivity.
Enriched cereal bars are more effective in increasing plasma quercetin compared with quercetin from powder-filled hard capsules
Authors: Egert Sarah , Wolffram Siegfried , Schulze Beate , Langguth Peter , Hubbermann Eva Maria , Schwarz Karin , Adolphi Berit , Bosy-Westphal Anja , Rimbach Gerald , Müller Manfred James
Published: July 2011

The flavonol quercetin, is one of the major flavonoids found in edible plants. The bioavailability of quercetin in humans may be influenced by the food matrix in which it is consumed as well as by its chemical and physical form. The objective of the present study was to investigate the biokinetics of quercetin from quercetin-enriched cereal bars and quercetin powder-filled hard capsules. In a randomised, single-blinded, diet-controlled cross-over study, six healthy women aged 22–28 years took a single oral dose of approximately 130 mg quercetin equivalents from either quercetin-enriched cereal bars (containing 93·3 % quercetin aglycone plus 6·7 % quercetin-4′-glucoside) or quercetin powder-filled hard capsules (100 % quercetin aglycone). Blood samples were drawn before and after quercetin administration over a 24 h period. The concentrations of quercetin and its monomethylated derivatives, isorhamnetin (3′-O-methyl quercetin) and tamarixetin (4′-O-methyl quercetin), were measured by HPLC with fluorescence detection after plasma enzymatic treatment. The systemic availability as determined by comparing the plasma concentration–time curves of quercetin was found to be five times and thecmaxvalues six times higher after ingestion of 130 mg quercetin by quercetin-enriched cereal bars than after ingestion by quercetin capsules. In contrast,tmaxdid not differ significantly between the two treatments. Thecmaxvalues for isorhamnetin and tamarixetin were four and nine times higher after ingestion of quercetin by quercetin-enriched cereal bars than after ingestion by quercetin capsules. In conclusion, quercetin from quercetin-enriched cereal bars is significantly more bioavailable than from quercetin powder-filled hard capsules.
The Effect of Biofuels on the International Oil Market
Authors: Hochman Gal , Rajagopal Deepak , Zilberman David
Published: July 2011

This paper derives a method to quantify the impact of biofuels on fuel markets, assuming that these markets are dominated by a cartel of oil‐rich countries and that fuel prices in these countries are significantly lower than those in the rest of the world. We identify large differences between the effects of introducing biofuels using the proposed method (denoted the cartel‐of‐nations [CON] model), in contrast to the competitive or the standard cartel models. When compared with the CON model, the competitive model overestimates the reduction in fuel prices and underestimates the reduction in fuel consumption, and therefore the impact of biofuels on greenhouse gases.
Comparative analysis of overwintering physiology in nine species of semi‐aquatic bugs (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha)
Authors: DITRICH TOMÁŠ , KOŠTÁL VLADIMÍR
Published: July 2011

In semi‐aquatic bugs (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha), the strategies of overwintering in a cryothermic state (i.e. at body temperatures below the equilibrium freezing point) remain largely unexplored. The present study provides an analysis of the ecophysiological aspects of overwintering in nine gerromorphan species. All nine species avoid ice formation by means of a more or less extensive supercooling of their body fluids. There is a tight correlation between the supercooling point (SCP) and the lower lethal temperature. Different species use different physiological adjustments to increase the likelihood of survival in a supercooled state. These include stabilization of the supercooled state by active antifreeze factors that cause thermal hysteresis between equilibrium melting and freezing points, the accumulation of low‐molecular weight sugars and polyols with putative cryoprotective functions, or by having a relatively high body fluid osmolality, combined with a low level of hydration. The majority of species under study overwinter only as adults, whereas Velia caprai Tamanini can overwinter either as an adult or in the egg stage. The supercooling capacity of V. caprai adults is insufficient to prevent the risk of lethal freezing. The adults therefore survive only opportunistically in suitable microhabitats, and/or during mild winters. The survival of V. caprai in winter is assured by extensive supercooling and having overwintering eggs that are highly cold tolerant.
Grade of deceased donor liver macrovesicular steatosis impacts graft and recipient outcomes more than the Donor Risk Index
Authors: de Graaf Esther L , Kench James , Dilworth Pamela , Shackel Nicholas A , Strasser Simone I , Joseph David , Pleass Henry , Crawford Michael , McCaughan Geoff W , Verran Deborah J
Published: July 2011

Background and Aim:  Donor liver steatosis can impact on liver allograft outcomes. The aim of the present study was to comprehensively report on the impact of type and grade of donor steatosis, as well as donor and recipient factors, including the reported Donor Risk Index (DRI), on liver allograft outcomes.

Methods:  A review of unit data for all adult liver transplant procedures from 2001 to 2007, as well as donor offers. Donor liver biopsies were regraded for steatosis by an experienced histopathologist.

Results:  Steatosis was detected in 184/255 (72%) of biopsies, of which 114 (62%) had microvesicular steatosis (MiS; 68 mild, 22 moderate, 24 severe) and 70 (38%) macrovesicular steatosis (MaS; 59 mild, 7 moderate, 4 severe). The majority (66/70, 94%) of biopsies with MaS also contained MiS. Allograft steatosis was associated with increasing donor body mass index (P = 0.000), plus donor male sex (P < 0.05). Primary non function (P = 0.002), early renal failure (P = 0.040), and requirement for retransplantation (P = 0.012) were associated only with severe MaS. Early biliary complications were associated with moderate MaS (P = 0.039). Only severe MaS was significantly associated with inferior allograft survival at 3 months (relative risk = 12.09 [8.75–19.05], P = 0.000) and 1 year (P = 0.000).

Conclusions:  MiS is a common finding and frequently coexists with MaS on liver allograft biopsy, while isolated MaS is uncommon. Only the presence of moderate to severe MaS is associated with inferior early allograft outcomes. The impact of severe MaS on allograft survival appears greater than other donor factors, including the calculated DRI.
Cryptogenic pyogenic liver abscess as the herald of colon cancer
Authors: Jeong Soung Won , Jang Jae Young , Lee Tae Hee , Kim Hyun Gun , Hong Sung Wook , Park Seung Hoon , Kim Sang Gyune , Cheon Young Koog , Kim Young Seok , Cho Young Deok , Kim Jin‐Oh , Kim Boo Sung , Lee Eun Jung , Kim Tae Hyong
Published: July 2011

Background and Aim: Colonic mucosal defects might be a route for bacterial invasion into the portal system, with subsequent hematogenous spread to the liver. We retrospectively investigated the results of colonoscopy and the clinical characteristics of patients with pyogenic liver abscess of colonic origin.

Methods: A total of 230 consecutive patients with pyogenic liver abscess were reviewed between 2003 and 2010. The 230 patients were categorized into three groups (pancreatobiliary [n = 135], cryptogenic [n = 81], and others [n = 14]). Of the 81 cryptogenic patients, 37 (45.7%) underwent colonoscopy. Colonic lesions with mucosal defects were considered colonic causes of abscess.

Results: In the 37 colonoscopic investigations, colon cancer was found in six patients (16.2%), laterally‐spreading tumor (LST) in two patients (5.4%), multiple colon ulcers in one patient (2.7%), colon polyps in 17 patients (45.9%), and diverticula in four patients (10.8%). Nine (11%) of 81 cryptogenic abscesses were therefore reclassified as being of colonic origin (colon cancer = 6, LST = 2, ulcer = 1). Three cases were stage III colon cancer, and the others were stage I. Two LST were high‐grade dysplasia. The percentage of patients withKlebsiella pneumoniae(K. pneumoniae) and diabetes mellitus (DM) of colonic origin was 66.7%, which was significantly higher than the 8.6% for other causes (P < 0.001).

Conclusions: Of the 37 patients with cryptogenic pyogenic liver abscess who underwent colonoscopy, nine (24.3%) were diagnosed with a colonic cause. Colonoscopy should be considered for the detection of hidden colonic malignant lesions in patients with cryptogenic pyogenic liver abscess, especially for patients withK. pneumoniaeand DM.
On the mechanisms involved in the recovery of envelope information from temporal fine structure
Authors: Apoux Frédéric , Millman Rebecca E. , Viemeister Neal F. , Brown Christopher A. , Bacon Sid P.
Published: July 2011

Three experiments were designed to provide psychophysical evidence for the existence of envelope information in the temporal fine structure (TFS) of stimuli that were originally amplitude modulated (AM). The original stimuli typically consisted of the sum of a sinusoidally AM tone and two unmodulated tones so that the envelope and TFS could be determined a priori. Experiment 1 showed that normal-hearing listeners not only perceive AM when presented with the Hilbert fine structure alone but AM detection thresholds are lower than those observed when presenting the original stimuli. Based on our analysis, envelope recovery resulted from the failure of the decomposition process to remove the spectral components related to the original envelope from the TFS and the introduction of spectral components related to the original envelope, suggesting that frequency- to amplitude-modulation conversion is not necessary to recover envelope information from TFS. Experiment 2 suggested that these spectral components interact in such a way that envelope fluctuations are minimized in the broadband TFS. Experiment 3 demonstrated that the modulation depth at the original carrier frequency is only slightly reduced compared to the depth of the original modulator. It also indicated that envelope recovery is not specific to the Hilbert decomposition.
Binaural image position distributions for phase-shifted low frequency tone bursts
Authors: Osman Eli , Tzuo Huan-yuan
Published: July 2011

This experiment was designed to yield precise measures of the statistical properties of perceived sound images. Results are reported for listeners’ judgments of intracranial sound image lateral positions in response to binaural tone burst stimuli (250 Hz, 50 ms) with varying interaural phase differences, conditional on the absence or presence of a (left or right) reference monaural tone burst (also 250 Hz, 50 ms) ending 500 ms prior to the test signal. The monaural-reference shifted the position distributions toward the opposite side of the head. The position distribution variance and skewness depended on the mean of the position distribution, not on the interaural phase difference of the stimulus. The standard deviation increased as the mean moved laterally from midline. Near the midline the position distributions were skewed ipsilaterally. Near either ear they were skewed toward the midline. The results suggest that the most important noise limiting performance originates central to brainstem coincidence detector networks.
Lactate Dehydrogenase and Severity of Pain in Children with Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Najim Oula Abdullah , Hassan Mea’ad Kadhum
Published: July 2011

Objectives: This prospective study was carried out to assess lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as a biochemical marker during acute painful episode and steady state in children with sickle cell disease (SCD). Design and Methods: A prospective descriptive study has been carried out on children and adolescents with SCD and pain during a vaso-occlusive episode. A total of 76 patients aged 1–18 years were included. Assessment of pain was done using the suitable pain assessment tool (visual analogue scales, Oucher scale) for school and preschool children. Complete blood count, liver function tests, LDH and C-reactive protein assay were performed on all patients during acute painful episode and steady state. Results: LDH has been found to increase significantly during acute painful episode compared with steady state (p < 0.01). There is also a significant positive correlation between LDH level and severity of pain (p < 0.05). In addition, C-reactive protein level was found to be significantly elevated during acute painful episode (p < 0.01) and its level correlates significantly with severity of pain (p = 0.01). Conclusion: From this study it can be concluded that LDH is a significant biochemical marker for the severity of pain during a vaso-occlusive episode in SCD.
The Otology Data Collection Project
Authors: Witsell David L. , Rauch Steven D. , Tucci Debara L. , Telian Steven A. , Roland Peter S. , Nguyen‐Huynh Anh T. , Schulz Kristine
Published: July 2011

Objective

To describe and communicate data collected in the CHEER (Creating Healthcare Excellence through Education and Research) infrastructure proof‐of‐concept study to facilitate understanding of the potential capabilities of practice‐based research networks and to present pilot data for development of future research initiatives.

Study Design

Prospective observational study of CHEER infrastructure operational capacity using a convenience sample of all patients presenting to the practices with tinnitus, dizziness, or a combination of these symptoms.

Setting

The CHEER network of community and academic practice sites.

Subjects and Methods

The data collection exercise collected demographic, clinical, treatment, and health‐related quality‐of‐life surveys on tinnitus, dizziness, and migraine disorders. Descriptive analysis of the data is presented.

Results

Of the sites in the CHEER network, 73% (16/22) successfully enrolled subjects; a total of 1532 patients were enrolled in 8 months. Tinnitus alone, dizziness alone, and both occurred in 28%, 34%, and 29%, respectively. Patients complaining of tinnitus and dizziness had lower quality of life than those sufferers with 1 disorder. Migraine was associated with 27% of patients. The most frequent diagnoses for patients with tinnitus and dizziness were Ménière disease (34%), vertiginous migraine (18%), and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (16%).

Conclusion

Descriptive data on patients with common disorders can be rapidly collected within the framework of a practice‐based research network. The data in this study provide valuable pilot information on the targeted disorders, providing a baseline for development of future epidemiological data and clinical trials.
The Language of Muslim Universality
Authors: Devji Faisal
Published: July 2011

This paper discusses how it is possible to find, in the Islamic tradition, a universal concept of “humanity”. It insists on the concept of “ ummah” as a peculiar muslim way to define a comprehensive humanity, and try to point out its internal limits. It shows the communal implication of this concept and the ways it can, or cannot, be considered as constitutive of a we-group concept that may eventually lead to conflict and violence. It brings to the attention of the reader some historical examples, focusing, among others, on mohammad Iqbal’s contribution.
Antibodies associated with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) inhibit activated protein C generation: new insights into the prothrombotic nature of HIT
Authors: Kowalska M. Anna , Krishnaswamy Sriram , Rauova Lubica , Zhai Li , Hayes Vincent , Amirikian Karine , Esko Jeffrey D. , Bougie Daniel W. , Aster Richard H. , Cines Douglas B. , Poncz Mortimer
Published: July 2011

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is caused by antibodies that recognize complexes between platelet factor 4 (PF4) and heparin or glycosaminoglycan side chains. These antibodies can lead to a limb- and life-threatening prothrombotic state. We now show that HIT antibodies are able to inhibit generation of activated protein C (aPC) by thrombin/thrombomodulin (IIa/TM) in the presence of PF4. Tetrameric PF4 potentiates aPC generation by formation of complexes with chondroitin sulfate (CS) on TM. Formation of these complexes occurs at a specific molar ratio of PF4 to glycosaminoglycan. This observation and the finding that the effect of heparin on aPC generation depends on the concentration of PF4 suggest similarity between PF4/CS complexes and those that bind HIT antibodies. HIT antibodies reduced the ability of PF4 to augment aPC formation. Cationic protamine sulfate, which forms similar complexes with heparin, also enhanced aPC generation, but its activity was not blocked by HIT antibodies. Our studies provide evidence that complexes formed between PF4 and TM's CS may play a physiologic role in potentiating aPC generation. Recognition of these complexes by HIT antibodies reverses the PF4-dependent enhancement in aPC generation and may contribute to the prothrombotic nature of HIT.
An open-label, pilot study of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and alemtuzumab in relapsed/refractory patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Montillo Marco , Tedeschi Alessandra , Petrizzi Valeria Belsito , Ricci Francesca , Crugnola Monica , Spriano Mauro , Spedini Pierangelo , Ilariucci Fiorella , Uziel Lilj , Attolico Immacolata , Vismara Eleonora , De Blasio Angelo , Zaccaria Alfonso , Morra Enrica
Published: July 2011

Although combination regimens have improved outcomes over monotherapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), patients eventually relapse. Combined fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and monoclonal anti-CD52 antibody alemtuzumab (FCC) provided synergistic cytotoxicity with effective clearing of minimal residual disease. This phase 2 study determined FCC efficacy and safety in relapsed/refractory CD52+ B-CLL after ≥ 1 line of treatment. From January 2005 through June 2008, up to 6 courses of oral fludarabine 40 mg/m2 per day, oral cyclophosphamide 250 mg/m2 per day, and subcutaneous alemtuzumab (Mab-Campath) 10 mg (increased to 20 mg after first 10-patient cohort) were administered days 1 to 3 every 28 days. The primary objective was overall response rate (ORR); secondary objectives included response duration, time to disease progression, and safety and tolerability. ORR was 67% in 43 patients; 30% achieved complete response. ORR significantly improved with 1 versus ≥ 2 prior therapies (P = .018), and without versus with previous monoclonal antibody treatment (P = .003). Median progression-free survival was 24.4 months, not reached in patients achieving complete response. Median overall survival was 33.6 months. Myelosuppression was the most common adverse event, with a low percentage of cytomegalovirus reactivations and manageable infections. However, close vigilance of opportunistic infections is warranted. FCC provides effective immunotherapy in relapsed/refractory CLL, including in patients with poor-risk prognostic factors.
An interaction between Nrf2 polymorphisms and smoking status affects annual decline in FEV1: a longitudinal retrospective cohort study
Authors: Masuko Hironori , Sakamoto Tohru , Kaneko Yoshiko , Iijima Hiroaki , Naito Takashi , Noguchi Emiko , Hirota Tomomitsu , Tamari Mayumi , Hizawa Nobuyuki
Published: July 2011

Background

An Nrf2-dependent response is a central protective mechanism against oxidative stress. We propose that particular genetic variants of theNrf2gene may be associated with a rapid forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) decline induced by cigarette smoking.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 915 Japanese from a general population. Values of annual decline in FEV1were computed for each individual using a linear mixed-effect model. Multiple clinical characteristics were assessed to identify associations with annual FEV1decline. Tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in theNrf2gene (rs2001350, rs6726395, rs1962142, rs2364722) and one functional SNP (rs6721961) in theNrf2promoter region were genotyped to assess interactions between theNrf2polymorphisms and smoking status on annual FEV1decline.

Results

Annual FEV1decline was associated with smoking behavior and inversely correlated with FEV1/FVC and FEV1% predicted. The mean annual FEV1declines in individuals with rs6726395 G/G, G/A, or A/A were 26.2, 22.3, and 20.8 mL/year, respectively, and differences in these means were statistically significant (pcorr= 0.016). We also found a significant interaction between rs6726395 genotype and smoking status on the FEV1decline (p for interaction = 0.011). The haplotype rs2001350T/rs6726395A/rs1962142A/rs2364722A/rs6721961T was associated with lower annual decline in FEV1(p = 0.004).

Conclusions

This study indicated that an Nrf2-dependent response to exogenous stimuli may affect annual FEV1decline in the general population. It appears that the genetic influence ofNrf2is modified by smoking status, suggesting the presence of a gene-environment interaction in accelerated decline in FEV1.
Note sur les tests de rationalité des prévisions
Authors: Doz Catherine
Published: July 2011

Die verzerrten Prognosetests,

von Catherine Doz.

In diesem Artikel wird der Grundsatz der verzerrten Prognosetests erörtert und die damit verbundene Schwierigkeit aufgezeigt. Aufgrund der geringen Anzahl der untersuchten Aspekte ist tatsächlich bei der Analyse dieser Testergebnisse allerdings Vorsicht oft geboten.
Choix éducatifs, équilibre général et croissance économique
Authors: d'Autume Antoine
Published: July 2011

Opciones educativas,equilibrio general y crecimiento económico,

por Antoine d'Autume.

Dar cuenta de la función que ocupa el capital humano en el crecimiento económico requiere un marco de análisis unificado que integre los comportamientos educativos de nivel microeconómico en un modelo de equilibrio general. Demostramos que un modelo plurigeneracional escrito en tiempo contínuo, permite describir mejor un comportamiento de ciclo de vida y provee un marco adecuado, en el que la problemática de la existencia de un crecimiento endógeno encuentra naturalmente una vía de respuesta. Retomamos luego una versión del modelo de Lucas (1988) para analizar el desempeño de las políticas educativas.
Les stèles de Glanum et de Saint-Blaise et les sanctuaires pré romains du Midi de la Gaule
Authors: Bessac Jean-Claude , Bouloumié Bernard
Published: July 2011

Devant l'abondance et la relative uniformité de ce type de monuments sur les oppida préromains de Provence, les auteurs présentent le catalogue des stèles rencontrées dans les fouilles de Glanum et de Saint-Blaise, et le complètent par une liste plus rapide des autres stèles provenant de sites contemporains. Ils en tirent une typologie générale et des remarques concernant la fabrication et la diffusion des monuments. Des rapprochements sont suggérés avec des stèles comparables d'Etrurie et d'Italie grecque. Une datation moyenne au Ve siècle semble plausible. La fonction de ces stèles serait plus votive que funéraire. Il est impossible de les dissocier des cultes préromains de Provence : à Roquepertuse comme à Glanum, elles se rencontrent dans le sanctuaire même. Avec une certaine marge de probabilité, on les considérera comme l'une des premières manifestations de ces cultes.
Glanum préromaine : recherche sur la métrologie et ses applications dans l'urbanisme et l'architecture
Authors: Roth-Congès Anne
Published: July 2011

A metrological study of various types of Hellenistic remains at Glanum, carried out with the help of appropriate methods (measurements of the consecutive heights of architectonic elements and small monuments, surveying houses and public buildings, superimposition of grids onto photogrammetric map) revealed the existence of a "Glanic foot", a unit of measurement which was perhaps indigenous to this region, measuring 28.5 cm. This foot was a basic unit of the Hellenic-type metrological System. Its multiples were the brasse or orgye (equal to 6 feet), the amma (60 feet), and its submultiple, the dactyle (1/16 foot). The décimal System was used concurrently for the multiples of the dactyle and the foot.

In each quarter of the Antique agglomeration uncovered so far according to pre-selected plans established to reveal the spatial organization and the chronological succession of the remains, the existence of a grid pattern with units measuring 1 amma could be recognized despite topographie and urbanistic constraints. These units generally allowed for the presence of one dwelling and contiguous roadways.

The metrological study of monuments helps, in the best of cases, to reconstitute them and, sometimes, to define the origin of architectonic elements whose source is uncertain. The translation into Antique measurements of height, moreover, facilitates comparisons at whatever the scale, revealing constants and modules. Finally, over and above the concrete contribution made to archeology, a metrological study sheds its own special light on the much debated problem of the vitality of indigenous traditions and their dialectical relationship with external influences.
Découverte d'une inscription à un préteur quattuorvir à l'oppidum de Saint-Vincent à Gaujac (Gard)
Authors: Charmasson Jean
Published: July 2011

The oppidum of Saint Vincent in the commune of Gaujac (Gard) became a sanctuary of the city of the Volques Arécomiques during the reign of Augustus. Research has already contributed toward the discovery there of three temples, public baths containing a place of prayer, and an urban parapet.

The discovery of a lapidary inscription in the baths to a Lender Quattuorvir attests to the quality of the relationships between the sanctuary and the Colony of Nîmes.

On a support of fine gray limestone, the inscription was resting on the ground of a low terrace which seemed to serve as a place to deposit offerings at the northern end of the entrance courtyard to the baths. The stone, incomplète, broken violently, bears the following inscription: PATER... / PRAE... / lui VIR. It could be read as follows: PATER[NUS] / PRAE[TO] / lui VIR. The first two lines are incomplète at the right ends. This inscription was probably on the pedestal of a statue.

It can be dated between the construction of the baths in the middle of the lst century and the first years of the 3rd century when they were abandoned.
Le problème de la diffusion des céramiques ibériques peintes dans le Sud de la Gaule au IIe et au Ier s. av. J.-C. L'exemple de Ruscino
Authors: Guérin P.
Published: July 2011

Les céramiques ibériques recueillies dans le sud de la Gaule se répartissent en deux groupes. D'une part, la production locale archaïque du VIe et du Ve s. avant J.-C. nommée ibéro-languedocienne, d'autre part, les séries de sombrero de copa et de plats, importées de Catalogne durant le IIe et le Ie s. avant J.-C Les collections importantes, comme celle de Ruscino, permettent d'observer les détails de la forme et du décor qui traduisent une modification dans les modes de production des ateliers à céramique de la Nouvelle Catalogne à partir du début du IIe s. avant J.-C.

Ces faits sont en rapport avec la conquête romaine en péninsule Ibérique, et surtout avec la proximité de Tarragone, capitale d'Espagne Citérieure, qui a probablement joué un rôle dans la diffusion des céramiques locales en Gaule méridionale.
Ouvrages routiers antiques à Sainte-Croix-du-Verdon et à Riez (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence)
Authors: Barruol Guy
Published: July 2011

The author reveals the remains of two ancient roadway bridges, practically unpublished, which appear to be on the road between Fréjus and Riez in Haute-Provence. The fïrst, located at trie entrance of the Baudinard gorges, on the Verdon, is today drowned beneath the waters of the artificial lake Sainte-Croix-du-Verdon (A.H.P.); there is only one pier of its stonework left. The second is located at the very heart of the Gallo-Roman town of Riez (A.H.P.) and was used to cross a stream subject to sudden flooding, the Colostre ; only the southern abutment remains of the stonework discovered in recent excavations. Both bridges date back to the Early Empire.
Un foyer d'époque mérovingienne dans la villa de Pardigon 2 (Var - La Croix-Valmer)
Authors: Congès Gaëtan , Brun Jean-Pierre , Prothro Kim
Published: July 2011

Une fouille d'urgence à La Croix-Valmer (Var) a permis le dégagement partiel d'une vaste villa maritime occupée depuis le Ier siècle avant J.-C. jusqu'au cours de l'Antiquité tardive. Son évolution, fort complexe, ne fait l'objet ici que d'un bref survol destiné à préciser le contexte de la découverte d'un foyer tardif qui a livré un matériel relativement abondant et original (marmites et brocs en céramique modelée locale). La position stratigraphique de ce foyer, installé dans les ruines de la villa, et les rares comparaisons que l'on a pu effectuer avec des objets trouvés récemment dans les fouilles de Toulon et de Fréjus amènent à dater ces vestiges de l'époque mérovingienne.
Un four à tuiles du Ier s. ap. J.-C. à Saint-Maurice-de-Ventalon (Lozère)
Authors: Dardaine Sylvie , Waton Marie Dominique
Published: July 2011

A Saint-Maurice-de-Ventalon (Lozère), à la limite de la cité des Gabales et de celle des Volques Arécomiques a été mis au jour un four à tuiles qui appartenait à un atelier dépendant d'une villa ou d'une mansio.

Du four construit en schiste, il ne subsiste que les parties qui étaient enterrées dans l'Antiquité. La chambre de chauffe quadrangulaire était constituée d'un canal central et de conduits secondaires obliques, ménagés entre les six arceaux qui soutenaient la sole, aujourd'hui disparue. Sous le dallage du canal central un drain permettait d'évacuer les eaux d'infiltration. Construit sous Tibère, le four cessa toute activité vers 70 après J.-C.
Une dédicace inédite à Agonès (Hérault)
Authors: Barruol Guy
Published: July 2011

Publication and interpretation of a dedication to local divinities known as [M]ogontiones, preserved in a rural church in the Agonès countryside (Hérault), previously unpublished.
Les thermes du port à Fréjus (Var)
Authors: Gébara Chérine , Béraud Isabelle
Published: July 2011

Construction of new facilities carried out in the Moulins Road in Fréjus in 1987 led to salvage excavations. The structures discovered then are part of large thermal baths, partly discovered by Charles Texier in 1828 and known as the "Porte d'Orée". This monument dated from the 2nd. century and built alongside the ancient harbour seems, according to its dimensions, to be one of the most significant of its kind in the Gaule Narbonnaise area.
La montagne Sainte-Victoire de la Préhistoire à la fin de l'Antiquité : les rythmes de l'occupation humaine (prospection-inventaire 1989-1992)
Authors: Anna André d' , Leveau Philippe , Mocci Florence
Published: July 2011

A. D'Anna, Ph. Leveau and F. Mocci. — The Sainte Victoire mountain, from the prehistory until the end of antiquity : the rythms of human occupation (prospectings and inventory), Revue Archéologique de Narbonnaise, t. 25, 1992, p. 265-299.

After the fire of 1989, prospectings were carried out on the whole massif of the Sainte Victoire mountain, and since they were done in a diachronic way they allowed to review all the known sites and to identify new ones. A particular attention was given to the interpretation of the site in a research about its environment : what does it tell us on the state of the massif at the time men occupied it ? How was daily life assured ? Therefore a most peculiar attention was given to the agricultural systems. Such an appraisal was necessary to be given to both paleo-environmentalists who work on the same space and to archeologists who prepare the excavations.
Dalle Gallie a Roma. Testimonianze epigrafiche d'età impériale di personaggi provenienti dalla Narbonese e dalle tres galliae
Authors: Ricci Cecilia
Published: July 2011

Après un exposé de sa méthode et de son but (synthèse des sources attestant la présence de Gaulois à Rome), l'auteur résume l'évolution du phénomène depuis l'invasion du début du IVe s. av. J.-C. et dresse le tableau des activités exercées en mentionnant l'origine géographique des personnages : rhéteurs, écrivains, médecins, généraux, sénateurs, chevaliers ; 75 notices prosopographiques avec testimonia sont regroupées en deux classes (civils et militaires) ; suit une analyse de ces testimonia reprenant en détail tous les renseignements fournis sur les rubriques citées (origine, profession...) et s' achevant sur les indications relatives aux chrétiens, du IIIe au Ve siècles de notre ère.
Des prospections à la fouille : recherches à Eyguières (B.-du-R.)
Authors: Pelletier Jean-Pierre , Poguet Michel , Brien-Poitevin Françoise , Lafaurie Jean , Rigoir Yves , Rigoir Jacqueline
Published: July 2011

A first part introduces the synthesis of prospectings carried out systematically for fifteen years on the territory of Eyguières and on its direct surroundings. The assessment of about ninety listed sites and newly discovered equipment concerns all the epochs, from prehistory — thirty sites from the middle Neolithic to the Iron Age — until the Middle Ages. Eight archeological maps relate the development of the human settlement allocation on the long term. The numerous discoveries allow, first to be more specific regarding the division of this land during the Gallo Roman epoch between large properties and small farms, second to link them to centuriations and third to handle the steady occupation during late Antiquity and early Middle Ages.

The second part recalls the salvage excavation carried out on one of the major sites i.e a villa dating back to the late Empire where the balneum — which had been rebuilt between the end of the 4th and the beginning of the 5 th century and which is very well preserved — has been occupied once more from the 6th century to the eve of the year one thousand. A study of the discovered ceramic, conchyliogical and money items concerning those epochs still poorly known in this region, completes the description of the remains.
Seuils de pierre en Gaule méridionale : l'exemple d'Olbia (Hyères, Var)
Authors: Bouet Alain
Published: July 2011

The typological and chronological study of the thresholds of the Olbia site (Hyères-les-Palmiers, Var) allowed to individualise four major categories : the thresholds without rabbet, the thresholds with broad step, the thresholds with narrow step and running groove.

The chronological information of the excavations from Olbia or from other numerous sites in southern Gaul have allowed to define an

evolution between broad step and narrow step thresholds.
La présence de Tibère en Narbonnaise : les portraits et les inscriptions.
Authors: Gascou Jacques , Terrer Danièle
Published: July 2011

Here we have brought together the statuary and epigraphic evidence that relates to Tiberius in the province of Gallia Narbonensis. The presence of this emperor as represented in these two forms of expression, usually privileged for imperial propaganda, seems relatively discrete compared with that of Augustus, even if we take into account the probable disappearance of much of the evidence. This can be explained by several facts : Tiberius' power was less extensive than that of Augustus, he did not possess his charisma and he did not visit the Gaulish Provinces during his reign. At another level, he refused exhibitions of excessive flattery. The population of the Province, who was satisfied with the Empire as the source of peace and prosperity, preferred to demonstrate his loyalty to the Julio-Claudian dynasty, rather than to a prince who did not encourage his adulation.
Histoire de la collection des portraits antiques du Musée Calvet (Avignon)
Authors: Cavalier Odile
Published: July 2011

The collection of Roman portraits of the Musée Calvet in Avignon is short in number but is particulary interesting because it was made up at quite in ancient time, - it was issued from the room of curios of Esprit Calvet, a 18th century scholar. Among the objects gathered by the physician from Avignon, one of the most beautiful portraits of the series is the head of Tiberius discovered in Avignon. The collection was enriched all along the 19th century, mainly with local findings (from fruitful diggings carried out in Vaison), but also with buyings or gifts, giving the whole set a touch which is not exclusively local.
Flacon en bronze en forme de tête d'adolescent du musée d'Aoste (Isère, Ier ou IIe s. ap. J.-C.)
Authors: Pirio Laurent
Published: July 2011

Un petit bronze anthropomorphe vient compléter la liste déjà longue des balsamaires jadis étudiés par K. Majewski. Il appartient à un ensemble d'objets à l'iconographie variée : noirs, enfants, satyres, femmes, divinités. Il est à l'image, comme beaucoup d'autres d'ailleurs, d'un jeune éphèbe efféminé. Cette note permet de décrire de manière détaillée cette tête tout en évoquant l'époque et le lieu de fabrication, sans oublier ses utilisations possibles.
Archaeomedes, la dynamique spatio-temporelle de l'habitat antique dans la vallée du Rhône : bilan et perspectives
Authors: Favory François , Van Der Leeuw Sander
Published: July 2011

Within the framework of the European programme Archaeomedes, a study of the evolution of the population in the Western Languedoc from the Roman conquest till today was done. During antiquity and the Middle-Ages, stages of settlement spreading are followed by restructuring and concentrations linked to historical constraint rather than to environment: settlement networks around country-towns having an economic, social, political and ideological role. In the Middle-Ages, a network of parishes followed by an hierarchichal organization (geography of different powers, social and economic competition). As soon as antiquity though, the surrounding milieu was able to be taken into account: according to the figured data of the B cadaster in Orange, the varying of the rent fares for the land and the area to be lent is based on a relevant classification of the soils of the Tricastin plain.
Un sévir augustal d'Orange et de Lyon
Authors: Faure Vincent , Gascou Jacques , Mignon Jean-Marc , Planchon Jacques , Zugmeyer Stéphanie
Published: July 2011

Lors de la découverte d'un important mausolée à Orange, on a mis au jour une inscription funéraire mentionnant un sévir augustal d'Orange et de Lyon, T. Pompeius Phrixus Longus, affranchi d'une jeune homme qui porte le cognomen Reginus, « de la famille de Sacrovirus », mort à Rome à l'âge de dix-sept ans. Toute relation entre le Sacrovirus de l'inscription et le Sacrovir (ou plutôt Sacrovir [us]) mentionné sur un des boucliers de l'arc d'Orange paraît improbable. Reginus (en fait T. Pompeius Reginus) appartenait sans doute à une riche famille de citoyens romains d'origine gauloise, jouissant d'une certaine célébrité à l'échelle locale. Malgré son jeune âge, il a vraisemblablement pu affranchir Phrixus Longus en vertu de la lex Aelia Sentia de 4 ap. J. -C, qui autorisait l'affranchissement d'un esclave par un maître âgé de moins de vingt ans si ce dernier voulait en faire son intendant.