bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Question about Mary Magdalene by Benedict Hesse of Cracow (Ms. Kraków, Biblioteka Jagiellońska, 1386, f. IIIv): Study and Critical Edition
Authors: Baran Wojciech
Published: January 2024

The article deals with the question about Mary Magdalene composed by Benedict Hesse of Cracow (ca. 1389–1456), Professor of Theology at the University of Cracow: it presents a study of the question and a critical edition of the text. The author addresses the question of attribution of the analyzed text and examines the dating of the text, establishing the terminus post quem et ante quem as 1431–1449. In the question, Hesse asks if Mary Magdalene committed a carnal sin. The medieval theologian analyzes the arguments for and against, and according to the long exegetic tradition concludes that Mary Magdalene committed a sin and is a conversion model for sinners. Hesse specifies that this question should be debated only at the university and not in the churches to avoid scandalizing the faithful.
Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of Vitex agnus-castus L.
Authors: Drioua Soufiane , Azalmad Hanane , El-Guourrami Otman , Ameggouz Mouna , Benkhouili Fatima Zahra , Assouguem Amine , Kara Mohammed , Ullah Riaz , Ali Essam A. , Ercisli Sezai , Fidan Hafize , Benzeid Hanane , Doukkali Anass
Published: January 2024

This research is dedicated to investigating the antioxidant potential and phytochemical composition of three distinct extracts derived from Vitex agnus-castus L. These extracts, prepared through aqueous (EXA), ethanolic (EXE), and methanolic (EXM) maceration, were chosen based on prior assessments of total polyphenol content in extracts obtained from five solvents with differing polarities: water, methanol, ethanol, acetone, and butanol. The study initiated with a comprehensive phytochemical analysis focusing on the determination of total polyphenols and flavonoids. The quantification of total polyphenols was carried out using the Folin–Ciocalteu method, while the AlCl3 method was employed to assess flavonoids. In evaluating the in vitro antioxidant activity, we employed two well-established methods, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The preliminary tests, gauging the efficacy of solvents, demonstrated that the order of optimal solvent selection was as follows: aqueous, methanolic, ethanolic, butanolic, and acetone. Consequently, the first three solvents were chosen for the preparation of the extracts. The phytochemical analysis unveiled that EXA exhibited the highest total polyphenol content, with an impressive value of 126.84 ± 1.24 mg EAG/g extract, whereas EXE exhibited the lowest concentration of total polyphenols, measuring at 117.26 ± 0.18 mg EAG/g extract. In contrast, EXM showcased a notably high flavonoid content, registering at 33.65 ± 1.04 mg EQ/g extract, while EXA displayed a comparatively lower flavonoid content at 14.93 ± 0.14 mg EQ/g extract. When assessing antioxidant properties, EXA emerged as the most potent against both DPPH and FRAP, recording values of 78.94 ± 1.84 and 203.27 ± 0.17 μg/ml, respectively. In contrast, the ethanolic extract exhibited relatively lower antioxidant activity, with values of 204.16 ± 1.87 μg/ml for DPPH and 307.10 ± 1.15 μg/ml for FRAP.
Lexical systems with systematic gaps: verbs of falling
Authors: Ryzhova Daria , Rakhilina Ekaterina , Reznikova Tatiana , Badryzlova Yulia
Published: January 2024

The paper contributes to the typology of encoding motion events by highlighting the role of the verbal root meaning in lexicalization of motion. We focus on lexical semantics of the verbs of falling, which we study on a sample of 42 languages using the frame-based approach to lexical typology. We show that, along with downward motion, the verbs of falling regularly denote adjacent situations; and vice versa, the idea of downward motion is systematically conveyed by verbs from adjacent semantic fields. These findings challenge the application of the classical parameters of motion events (e.g. Path) to any given motion event description and offer new insights into the understanding of lexicalization patterns in general.
Practical implications in the interpolation methods for constructing the regional mean sea surface model in the eastern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Murshan Milaa Zyad , Devaraju Balaji , Nagarajan Balasubramanian , Dikshit Onkar
Published: January 2024

This investigation estimates a regional Mean Sea Surface (MSS) model, named SY21MSS, over the eastern Mediterranean Sea using satellite altimetry data from nine Exact Repeat Missions (ERM) and two Geodetic Missions (GM). Two interpolation methods, Least Squares Collocation (LSC) and Ordinary Kriging (OK), were employed, and statistical metrics were applied to assess their performance within a 15 km buffer from the coast. The comparison between LSC and OK techniques in the context of regional MSS modeling primarily centers on the covariance functions used by these methods. Furthermore, generalized cross-validation results indicate that OK outperforms LSC in this region. Consequently, the study recommends adopting the Kriging-based model for calculating regional MSS models in this region due to its superior performance. The investigation further explored the disparities between estimated regional MSS models and the global model DTU18MSS, highlighting a pronounced similarity between OK-SY21MSS and DTU18MSS, as evidenced by a lesser standard deviation (SD) difference compared to LSC-SY21MSS. The practical implications of this research underscore the importance of selecting an appropriate interpolation technique based on data characteristics and study area specifics. While both LSC and OK techniques are deemed viable for MSS modeling, the study emphasizes the superior performance of OK, particularly concerning covariance functions. Additionally, the results emphasize caution when applying global models in regions with significant local variations.
Evaluation of ML-based classification algorithms for GNSS signals in ocean environment
Authors: Koiloth Jyothsna S. R. S. , Achanta Dattatreya Sarma , Koppireddy Padma Raju
Published: January 2024

In the maritime environment, multipath interference exhibits a significantly pronounced influence, resulting in GNSS system performance degradation. Enhancing system performance involves the identification and elimination of NLOS signals. This study focuses on the analysis of multipath data induced by sea waves, collected off the coast of Kakinada Sea (16.98° N, 82.29° E), to categorize signals as Line-of-Sight (LOS), Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) and Multipath (MP). A machine learning (ML) approach is employed to identify the presence of LOS, NLOS and MP signals in a coastal environment, both before and after the advancement of tidal waves. In the proposed approach, ML algorithms are trained using 3 key parameters namely elevation angle, signal strength and pseudorange residuals. This study involves the implementation of 14 prominent supervised classification algorithms and their accuracies and computational times are compared. The results due to GPS (L1) and IRNSS (L5 and S1) are considered. Decision Tree and its ensemble function AdaBoost, exhibited exceptional performance of accuracy (99.99 %) and computational time (0.45 s).
Active control of polariton-enabled long-range energy transfer
Authors: Cargioli Alessio , Lednev Maksim , Lavista Lorenzo , Camposeo Andrea , Sassella Adele , Pisignano Dario , Tredicucci Alessandro , Garcia-Vidal Francisco J. , Feist Johannes , Persano Luana
Published: January 2024

Optical control is achieved on the excited state energy transfer between spatially separated donor and acceptor molecules, both coupled to the same optical mode of a cavity. The energy transfer occurs through the formed hybrid polaritons and can be switched on and off by means of ultraviolet and visible light. The control mechanism relies on a photochromic component used as donor, whose absorption and emission properties can be varied reversibly through light irradiation, whereas in-cavity hybridization with acceptors through polariton states enables a 6-fold enhancement of acceptor/donor contribution to the emission intensity with respect to a reference multilayer. These results pave the way for synthesizing effective gating systems for the transport of energy by light, relevant for light-harvesting and light-emitting devices, and for photovoltaic cells.
Highly-efficient full-color holographic movie based on silicon nitride metasurface
Authors: Yamaguchi Masakazu , Saito Hiroki , Ikezawa Satoshi , Iwami Kentaro
Published: January 2024

Metasurface holograms offer various advantages, including wide viewing angle, small volume, and high resolution. However, full-color animation of high-resolution images has been a challenging issue. In this study, a full-color dielectric metasurface holographic movie with a resolution of 2322 × 2322 was achieved by spatiotemporally multiplexing 30 frames with blue, green, and red color channels at the wavelengths of 445 nm, 532 nm, and 633 nm at the maximum reconstruction speed of 55.9 frames per second. The high average transmittance and diffraction efficiency of 92.0 % and 72.7 %, respectively, in the visible range, were achieved by adopting polarization-independent silicon nitride waveguide meta-atoms, resulting in high color reproducibility. The superposition of three wavelengths was achieved by adjusting the resolutions and positions of target images for each wavelength while maintaining the meta-atom pitch constant. The improvement in diffraction efficiency was brought about by the optimization of etching conditions to form high-aspect vertical nanopillar structures.
Study design approaches for future active-controlled HIV prevention trials
Authors: Donnell Deborah , Kansiime Sheila , Glidden David V. , Luedtke Alex , Gilbert Peter B. , Gao Fei , Janes Holly
Published: January 2024

Objectives

Vigorous discussions are ongoing about future efficacy trial designs of candidate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention interventions. The study design challenges of HIV prevention interventions are considerable given rapid evolution of the prevention landscape and evidence of multiple modalities of highly effective products; future trials will likely be ‘active-controlled’, i.e., not include a placebo arm. Thus, novel design approaches are needed to accurately assess new interventions against these highly effective active controls.

Methods

To discuss active control design challenges and identify solutions, an initial virtual workshop series was hosted and supported by the International AIDS Enterprise (October 2020-March 2021). Subsequent symposia discussions continue to advance these efforts. As the non-inferiority design is an important conceptual reference design for guiding active control trials, we adopt several of its principles in our proposed design approaches.

Results

We discuss six potential study design approaches for formally evaluating absolute prevention efficacy given data from an active-controlled HIV prevention trial including using data from: 1) a registrational cohort, 2) recency assays, 3) an external trial placebo arm, 4) a biomarker of HIV incidence/exposure, 5) an anti-retroviral drug concentration as a mediator of prevention efficacy, and 6) immune biomarkers as a mediator of prevention efficacy.

Conclusions

Our understanding of these proposed novel approaches to future trial designs remains incomplete and there are many future statistical research needs. Yet, each of these approaches, within the context of an active-controlled trial, have the potential to yield reliable evidence of efficacy for future biomedical interventions.
Weakened pelagic-benthic coupling on an Arctic outflow shelf (Northeast Greenland) suggested by benthic ecosystem changes
Authors: Bodur Yasemin V. , Renaud Paul E. , Lins Lidia , Da Costa Monteiro Luana , Ambrose William G. , Felden Janine , Krumpen Thomas , Wenzhöfer Frank , Włodarska-Kowalczuk Maria , Braeckman Ulrike
Published: January 2024

Arctic marine ecosystems are becoming more boreal due to climate change. Predictions of ecosystem change focus mainly on Arctic inflow or interior shelves, with few comprehensive studies on Arctic outflow regions. During September–October 2017, soft-bottom communities were sampled and benthic ecosystem processes were quantified at 12 stations on the Northeast Greenland shelf (outflow shelf) and compared to the last regional ecosystem study, conducted in 1992 and 1993. The benthic habitat was characterized in terms of sediment granulometry, pigment concentrations, and porewater chemistry (dissolved inorganic carbon, nutrients). Total abundance and biomass of macrobenthos and meiobenthos, bacterial abundance, porewater dissolved inorganic carbon and ammonium concentrations were higher on the outer shelf compared to locations adjacent to the Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden glacier at 79°N and the inner shelf stations (e.g., macrofauna: 1,964–2,952 vs. 18–1,381 individuals m−2). These results suggest higher benthic production in the outer parts of the NEG shelf. This difference was also pronounced in macrobenthic and meiobenthic community structure, which was driven mainly by food availability (pigments with 1.3–4.3 vs. 0.3–0.9 µg g−1 sediment, higher total organic carbon content and bacterial abundance). Compared to the early 1990s, warmer bottom water temperatures, increased number of sea-ice-free days and lower sediment pigment concentrations in 2017 were accompanied by decreased polychaete and increased nematode abundance and diversity, and a different community structure of nematode genera. The present study confirms previous reports of strong pelagic-benthic coupling on the NEG shelf, but highlights a possible weakening since the early 1990s, with a potential shift in importance from macrofauna to meiofauna in the benthic community. Increasing inflow of Atlantic water and decreasing volume transport and thickness of sea ice through the Fram Strait, probably affecting the Northeast Water Polynya, may be responsible, suggesting ecosystem-wide consequences of continued changes in sea-ice patterns on Arctic shelves.
Rzymski proces cywilny i rzymski proces karny Rzymian w ujęciu ks. prof. Stanisława Płodzienia (uwagi na marginesie maszynopisu BU KUL 1443A)
Authors:   Uniwersytet Szczeciński (University of Szczecin, Poland), Jońca Maciej
Published: January 2024

The Special Collections Department of the University Library of the Catholic University of Lublin preserves the legacy of the Podlasie-born Romanist Rev. Prof. Stanisław Płodzień. The author taught Roman and Canon Law at the Catholic University of Lublin in the 1950s and early 1960s. However, his promising career was interrupted by his sudden death in 1962. Among the unpublished materials he left behind is a script prepared for first-year students of canon law, entitled „The Roman Civil Trial”. This is a valuable find, since in the 19th and 20th centuries only two monographs on the Roman civil procedure were published in Polish. An analysis of the script shows that its author drew mostly on Leopold Wenger’s monograph „Institutionen des römischen Zivilprozessrechts”. It is from him that he took the idea of devoting a separate discussion to the differences between Roman civil trials and their criminal and administrative proceedings. The text included a subsection entitled “The Relationship between the Roman Civil Trial and Criminal and Administrative proceedings”. The author presented the peculiarities of all three types of proceedings in a factual manner, emphasizing that certain contemporary categories had already been contemplated by the Romans. Particularly noteworthy is the departure from the concept of dividing law into public and private based on the so-called criterion of benefit (utilitas). Rev. Płodzień emphasizes that the concept of state interest in Roman times was as vague as it is today. The narrative makes subtle use of modern civilist terminology.
Tortury w świetle bulli Ad extirpanda (1252) papieża Innocentego IV
Authors:   Uniwersytet Opolski (University of Opole, Poland), Sadowski Piotr
Published: January 2024

In this paper, the author discusses the content of the bull Ad Extirpanda of 1252 and seeks an answer to the question why Pope Innocent IV allowed in it for secular and ecclesiastical authorities to use torture in trials against heretics. This applied to both the accused and the witnesses. Sinibaldo Fieschi, the valued Romanist, was active during the medieval renewal of Roman law. Undoubtedly, this and many other factors, such as the development of the Inquisition, influenced the Pope's decision. The very issue of torture in the bull was treated quite marginally, and the document was more concerned with inquisitorial proceedings. This paper is dominated by the historical and legal method, but the author also reaches for the dogmatic and legal or comparative methods. Before discussing in detail the content of the bull and the reasons for its announcement, the paper focuses on the figure and teaching of Innocent IV, who, between 1213 and 1225, studied law in Bologna. The bull of 1252 was addressed to the leaders of all Italian communes, i.e. to the podests, rectors, councils of Lombardy, Romagna, and the Marchia Tervisina. Torture was a means of obtaining a confession, which was very important in the catalogue of various sources of evidence, such as oaths sworn by the parties, witnesses, God's judgments, or documents. In light of Constitution 25 of the bull in question torture should not lead to the loss of body members or life itself. It purpose was to get heretics to recant their errors and accuse other heretics known to them. The inquisitorial procedure itself strengthened the power of the Pope and the bishops. It was more rational than trial by ordeal.
The Offence of Forced Miscarriage as Documented in the Polish State Archive in Suwałki (1921–1939)
Authors:   Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II (John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Poland), Dworas-Kulik Judyta
Published: January 2024

The Polish term spędzenie płodu (forced miscarriage), used in interwar Poland, meant an intentional termination of pregnancy, now referred to as abortion. Miscarriage was considered an abortion if it was purposely induced by an external factor leading to a preterm delivery, so-called artificial miscarriage, which was carried out with the woman’s consent and resulted in foetal death. The offence of forced miscarriage was regarded as related to murder of a person, so abortion regulations fell in the category of provisions concerning crimes against life. Conditions for the permissibility of terminating a pregnancy were not stipulated in the Russian penal legislation governing this criminal act, which was in force in interwar Poland; instead, the Tagancev Code applied by reference. The Polish Penal Code of 1932 went a step further as it took into account not only the state of absolute necessity, but also health issues in a wider context, which was confirmed by legal scholars in their commentaries. The protection of the mother’s life and health was not associated with the phase of foetal and pregnancy development, because the legislator did not determine the time limit for terminating pregnancy. It was assumed that forced miscarriage could apply to a newly born baby before it was detached from the mother’s organism – a baby that was unable to live independently. In this article, the legal-historical method was used to present a criminal-law analysis of the crime of forced miscarriage in the former Russian Partition, considering the rulings in such cases handed down in the Suwałki District. In the literature of the subject to date, no such a study can be found, which justifies this inquiry.
MDM2 regulates the stability of AR, AR-V7, and TM4SF3 proteins in prostate cancer
Authors: Khatiwada Prabesh , Rimal Ujjwal , Han Zhengyang , Shemshedini Lirim
Published: January 2024

Androgen receptor (AR) and its constitutively active splice variant, AR Variant 7 (AR-V7), regulate genes essential for the development and progression of prostate cancer. Degradation of AR and AR-V7 by the ubiquitination proteasomal pathway is important for the regulation of both their protein stability. Our published results demonstrate that the interaction of TM4SF3 with either AR or AR-V7 leads to mutual stabilization due to a reduction in their ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. These results led us to search for a common E3 ligase for AR, AR-V7, and TM4SF3. Depletion by siRNA of several E3 ligases identified MDM2 as the common E3 ligase. MDM2 inhibition by siRNA depletion or using a pharmacological inhibitor (MDM2i) of its E3 ligase activity led to elevated levels of endogenous AR, AR-V7, and TM4SF3 in prostate cancer cells. MDM2 knockdown in PC-3 cells, which do not express AR, also increased TM4SF3, demonstrating that MDM2 affects the TM4SF3 protein independent of AR. We further demonstrate that MDM2i treatment reduced the ubiquitination of AR and TM4SF3, suggesting that MDM2 can induce the ubiquitination of these proteins. Increased AR and AR-V7 protein levels induced by MDM2i treatment resulted in the expected increased expression of AR-regulated genes and enhanced proliferation and migration of both LNCaP and Enzalutamide-resistant CWR-22Rv1 prostate cancer cells. Thus, our study expands the known roles of MDM2 in prostate cancer to include its potential involvement in the important mutual stabilization that TM4SF3 exhibits when interacting with either AR or AR-V7.
Optical Considerations in Contact Lens Fittings
Authors: Baker Irving
Published: January 2024

Optical Considerations in Contact Lens Fittings
How Safe Are Microwave Ovens?
Authors: ACO CAO
Published: January 2024

How Safe Are Microwave Ovens?
Limitation of Gaze
Authors: Backman Howard A
Published: January 2024

Limitations of gaze may be congenital or acquired. The Optometrist should differentiate the two and look for associated anomalies. Some neurologic and congenital oculomotor anomalies are discussed.
St. Vital Vision Screening Study
Authors: Spearman Elwood J , Rathgeber Arthur J
Published: January 2024

This paper discusses briefly, in general terms, the principles and ob­jectives of school screening pro­grammes, some of the screening techniques available and the choice and training of lay operators. In par­ticular, it outlines the objectives for a province-wide screening project pro­posed by the Manitoba Vision Con­servation Committee, a multi-disci­plinary group.
Case Report: The Binocular Status of Two Mono-Vision Patients
Authors: Sévigny Jacques
Published: January 2024

Two presbyopic patients were fitted with contact lenses, using the mono-vision technique. The results were evaluated considering the bino­cular status of the patients, fusion, stereopsis, distance and near acuity and subjective perception of vision.
Contact Lens Abstracts
Authors: ACO CAO
Published: January 2024

Contact Lens Abstracts
The CALS Lens: Optical and Perceptual Considerations in Aspheric Topography
Authors: Evans Thomas C
Published: January 2024

When aspheric surfaces are applied to the eye in the form of contact lenses, both optical and perceptual factors must be considered in vivo. Various clinical and theoretical arti­cles are reviewed and limits estab­lished for perceptual factors such as tolerance to retinal defocus in the normally aberrated eye. The range of asphericity (k) and eccentricity (e) required to optically correct for presbyopia and astigmatism is pre­dicted for given pupillary radii. The topography of the CALS aspheric front surface is shown to be within the predicted range. Several factors of fitting and lens design are discussed with respect to a previous clinical study of the CALS soft lens.
Reflections on Anti-Reflection Coatings
Authors: Chou B.R.
Published: January 2024

Recently several ophthalmic sup­pliers have advertised lines of spec­tacle lenses with anti-reflection coat­ings. In this paper, the need for anti­reflection coatings and the underly­ing optical principles are reviewed, and manufacturers' claims are criti­cally examined.
Goodwill - what is it worth in the market?
Authors: Bentley J Marvin , Lieberman Jay
Published: January 2024

Goodwill - what is it worth in the market?
B.C.'s Occupational Vision Program
Authors: Cox B D , Little T J
Published: January 2024

The BCOA's occupational vision committee has adopted the mo­del set forth by the national commit­tee and, with a few minor adjust­ments, has created a program that is catching the eye of safety personnel around the province.
The Effect of Aging of the Visual System on the Pilot
Authors: Hart L G
Published: January 2024

The effects of aging of the visual system are encountered daily by the practicing optometrist. How these visual changes can affect the mature pilot (over age 40) is not so well-documented.
Computer-Based Analysis of Visual Fields
Authors: Williams T D
Published: January 2024

This paper will fulfill two purposes:

A) To describe ways, means, and advantages of using computers to analyse two-dimensional clinical data (e.g. photographs, charts) so that the reader will have a clearer understanding of these methods and perhaps start considering applying them in practice.

B) To present the results from a study of the central visual fields of 129 normal patients aged 10 to 70 years. These results are presented as average central fields for indivi­dual age groups ( 15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65 years) so that the reader may compare a given patient's central field data to a norm for that patient's age group.
A Stereoacuity Test for Detecting Aniseikonia
Authors: Larson W L
Published: January 2024

Thresholds of stereopsis were measured bilate­rally using two vertical pins, one nearer than the other to the subject. In the majority of cases, the threshold when the left pin was nearer was different from the threshold when the right pin was nearer. This inequality was thought to be caused by aniseikonia. When calculated from bilateral inequa­lities, aniseikonia was found to be of small amount. The effect of inequalities on the measurement of stereoacuity was also investigated by comparing bilateral and unilateral arrangements of the same data. Stereoacuity calculated from bilateral data was found to be more precise than that calculated conventionally ( i.e. unilaterally).
Case Report: Application of Percival's Criterion in Correcting Insignificant Hyperopia in a Pre-Presbyope
Authors: Robertson K M
Published: January 2024

This is a case report of simple hyperopia with adequate amplitude of accommodation to compen­sate for the increased accommodative stress. Success of the small prescription was attributed to the improved binocular function based upon Percival's criterion for vision comfort.
A Comparison of the Humphrey Autokeratometer and System 2000 with the Bausch and Lomb Keratometers
Authors: Alloucherie Y.J. , Callender M.G.E. , Mousa G.Y.
Published: January 2024

A series of clinical evaluation tests were performed to compare the performance of the Humphrey Model 410 Autokeratometer and Wesley Jessen System 2000 with a conventional Bausch & Lomb keratometer considered as a reference standard. Both of these semi-automated instru­ments seemed to give consistent, reliable, and accurate results relative to the conventional kerato­meter; despite its much higher cost, the autokera­tometer however appears to be the most practical instrument in a large practice because of the very high speed with which results are printed out.
Broadening Usage of the Eyedrop Container - A Case of Injuries?
Authors: Blais P
Published: January 2024

The familiar plastic "eyedrop" container is increasingly used to package certain non­pharmaceuticals. In certain cases, this has no adverse consequences. In other instances, however, user confusion culminating in eye injuries results when contact lens cleaning solutions, antiseptics, disinfectants, in-vitro diagnostic reagents, eyeglass cleaning liquids and other similarly packaged potentially injurious products are mistaken for common ophthalmic pharmaceuticals by distraught users.
Extended Wear Hydrophilic Lenses: And Insight into Clinical In-Office Patient Management
Authors: Mulhall Tom
Published: January 2024

The use of soft contact lenses for extended wear can provide a beneficial and convenient therapy for patients where spectacles and/or daily wear contact lenses are contraindicated.
Seventy-five Years of Optometry Training
Authors: Beaulne C
Published: January 2024

"Seventy-five years of Optometry Training - It's a Celebration". This was the title of my editorial in Vol. 6, No. 4 of "L'Optometriste"("The Optometrist"), the publication of the Quebec Association of Optome­trists. In fact, 1985 marks a milestone that should be highlighted. It's the seventy-fifth anniversary of the founding of the University of Montreal's School of Optometry, and the sixtieth year of its affiliation with the University. I am therefore going to give a brief historical background of the only Francophone school of optometry in North America, discuss its current situation and its future projects at the dawn of the 21st century.
Improved Stereoacuity Testing with the Judgement of Equal Distances
Authors: Larson W.L.
Published: January 2024

Stereoacuity tests do not usually require the judgement of equal distances. A stereoacuity test which included zero disparity and required equal distance judgements was used to investigate the effect of overall aniseikonia on depth perception thresholds and the disparity of subjective equi­distance ( DSE ). The results of this investigation are reported. The same data were used to determine the effect that a forced choice without the judgement of equal distances would have on test results. Three different ways of responding to a forced choice were simulated by redistributing equal distance respon­ses between left and right nearer responses. These simulations often produced apparently better stereoacuities. From this, it is concluded that equal distance judgements improve the quality of stereo­acuity test results.
Views from the University of Waterloo School of Optometry on Meeting with the Manpower Needs of the Future
Authors: Cullen A.P.
Published: January 2024

The University of Waterloo continues to be the major source of optometrists for all provinces in Canada except Quebec and the student body is recruited from all provinces including Quebec. The pool of candidates for admittance remains high (300-400) and of an academic calibre that is increasing annually. Up to half the incoming students have B.Sc. or higher degrees and this year only two candidates with a single year of University have been offered positions, reflecting the trend in recent years. We continue to seek academically well-qualified students with broad interests and excellent interpersonal skills. With such a large pool it is possible to select these and attrition has been low with the loss or failure of only a handful of students. Unfortunately many well-qualified candidates are not admitted indicating that there will be no shortage of students for a third Canadian school.
Aviation Vision and the Optometrist
Authors: Hart L.G
Published: January 2024

With new Federal legislation requiring the pilot to identify himself or herself as a pilot to the examining optometrist, it is important for the optometrist to have some knowledge of the flight environment. Basic optometric techniques such as visual acuity measurements, depth per­ception, colour vision, etc. are dis­cussed and related to the working world of the aviator. Future cockpit designs and their affects relative to the visual systems are also discussed.
An Overview on the Use of a Low Magnification Telescope in Low Vision
Authors: Woo G.C
Published: January 2024

A Galilean telescope in its simplest form is a two element system consisting of a positive lens as an objective and a nega­tive lens as an eyepiece. The system is restricted to lower magnifications and smaller fields of view in comparison with a Keplerian telescope. The image through the system, however, is always erect permitting its use for distance viewing for partially sighted patients. Other optical factors besides magnifica­tion and field of view that need to be con­sidered include exit pupil size, focus adjustability, vertex distance, and image quality in terms of color and brightness. Such non optical factors as weight, port­ability, ease of use, appearance and cost are also influencing variables'. In this overview on the clinical use of low power telescopes in the examination room, only a few properties will be exa­mined. The use of a low power full-field telescope in subjective and objective refractions will be discussed. Magnifica­tion through a telescope will also be elaborated upon.
The Clinical Profile of a Young Visually Handicapped Population
Authors: Gresset J , Simonet P
Published: January 2024

This paper presents the results of a study done at the low vision clinic at the lnstitut Nazareth et Louis-Braille in Longueuil, Quebec. The Institute offers rehabilitation services and visual aids to eligible visually impaired persons in western Quebec and serves both a partially sighted and functionally blind popu­lation, as defined by Genenskyl. A low vision examination is part of the Institute's admission procedure. Information derived from clinical files offers data on a complete population of visually impaired people, since it includes all levels of visual impairment.
Corneal Vascularization in a Group of Soft Contact Lens Wearers: Prevalence, Magnitude, Type and Related Factors
Authors: Jantzi J.D , Jackson W.E. , Smith K.M
Published: January 2024

Groups of 827 soft contact lens wearers and 900 non-contact lens wearers were examined for corneal vascularization by means of biomicroscopy. Slit-lamp photo­graphs were taken to record cases of vascularization and to permit measurements of the magnitude of the vascular response. The prevalence of corneal vasculariza­tion in the soft contact lens group was 33.9% compared to 2.0% in the non-contact lens group.

Of the soft contact lens related vascular responses, 98.6% were located in the superficial stroma, indicating that the conjunctival circulation is most often involved in cor­neal vascular responses to soft contact lenses. Vascular penetration radially into the cornea from the limbus did not exceed 4.5 mm in either the study or control groups; 96.8% of the vascular responses being 1.5 mm or less in the soft contact lens group. Age and sex of the patients were not significantly related to the observed frequency of corneal vascularization in either the study or control groups. However, refractive error, daily wearing time and the total length of time soft contact lenses had been worn were significantly related to the observed frequency of corneal vas­cularization in the soft contact lens group.

Even though sampling error and bias affect this type of study, it appears that corneal vascularization is a frequent ocular response in patients who are wearing daily-wear and extended-wear soft contact lenses. This study supports the recom­mendation that all soft contact lens patients, including those who may be asympto­matic, should be carefully examined at regular intervals for signs of adverse ocular responses such as corneal vascularization.
The Development of B-Adrenergic Blocking Drugs for Management of Primary Open-­Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Doughty M.J , Lyle W.M
Published: January 2024

In the last few years, there has been a marked increase in the number of drugs available for the management of open-angle glaucoma. The development of these newer ophthalmic drugs has been prompted by a desire to make available, to the public, products that display max­imum efficacy (with respect to the glau­coma) but minimal side effects on the body generally or on the health of the eye or on vision. The major development has been in a set of drugs active on {B-adren­ergic receptors (the B-blockers"). While many of these newer drugs are, as yet, available only in Europe or Japan, in 1986, three new ophthalmic B-blockers became available in the English-speaking world. It is our intent in this article to review why there has been this major expansion in the number of drugs avai­lable to manage glaucoma or ocular hypertension...
How You Should Examine Infants and Toddlers
Authors: Allison Christine
Published: January 2024

Here are seven essential components for the examination of an infant or toddler, and within each component, practical tips.
Breaking News
Authors: ACO CAO
Published: January 2024

WE'RE SAD TO ANNOUNCE THE HONORABLE MINISTER OF HEALTH GEORGE ABBOTT IS LOSING HIS VISION
Media Gratis
Authors: Mirella Doris
Published: January 2024

Media doesn't come free, ... or does it? To some extent, there are possibilities that are available for not-for-profit organisations, such as the Canadian Associa­tion of Optometrists (CAO). With ready media tools in one hand and a creative approach in the other, the National Public Education Commit­tee (NPEC) has devised a number of different strategies to carry the momentum of the na­tional paid media.
Determination Of Projections of Intracerebral Structures on The Skull Surface Using Craniometric Points
Authors: Borodin K.S. , Novoseltsev S.V. , Nazarov V.V. , Moskvicheva S. V. , Smirnov A.E.
Published: January 2024

One of the most important conditions for the correct performance of cranial osteopathic techniques is the topography of extra- and intracranial structures. Without accurate positioning of the hands for further layer-by-layer palpation, it is impossible to correctly perform techniques on brain structures. In this paper, based on the data obtained from magnetic resonance imaging of the head and intracranial structures, an attempt is made to mathematically accurately project intracranial and intracerebral structures onto the external landmarks of the skull.
Python Solutions to Address Natural Language Challenges
Authors: Moaiad Yazeed Al , Alobed Mohammad , Alsakhnini Mahmoud
Published: January 2024

Arabic is one of six official languages, according to UNESCO. It's spoken by more than 422 million Arabs, and 1.5 billion Muslims around the world use it when they pray five times a day. Arabs spoke classical Arabic more than 1400 years ago. On the other hand, dialectal Arabic is the everyday language that is used informally and varies from region to region. Modern Standard Arabic borrows from and adds to other languages to fit the needs of its speakers. Arabic is harder to learn because there are three different ways to speak it: the classical way, the modern way, and the casual way. Arabic is hard to work with on computers for more than one reason. Because Arabic has a lot of inflection and derivation, one lemma can turn into many different words with different meanings.
Framing Amitav Ghosh in Environmental Humanities: An Introduction
Authors: Magray Ahsan Ul Haq
Published: January 2024

Environmental Humanities is a multidisciplinary field that explores the entangled relationships between human culture and the wider material world. If the Environmental Sciences investigate the material factors that contribute to our ecological crisis, the Environmental Humanities explore, in transformative dialogue with the sciences, the aesthetic, imaginative, religious, and ethical components that not only drive our crisis but also provide us with the cultural tools to bring about healthy, flourishing futures. Keeping this in view, Amitav Ghosh (1956--) is one such prolific contemporary Indian writer, who has demonstrated a keen interest in environmental issues and climate change through his literary works. In addition to providing an elaborated introduction to Environmental Humanities, this paper aims to explore the nuanced manifestations of climate concerns in Ghosh’s writing, unraveling the depth of his narratives in depicting the ecological challenges faced by humanity.
The Dynamics of the Sensitive Sense. Feeling, Sensing, Perceiving and Conceiving
Authors: Moutat Audrey
Published: January 2024

Based on the various semiotic works devoted to the sensory world and to perception, this article proposes to retrace the generative path of sensory meaning from the immediate perception to its conceptualization. The aim is to highlight not only the constitutive dynamics of the semioses involved in this journey, but also the complex relationships involved in the emergence of sensitive signification. In order to do this, we will return to the constitutive principles of the plan of expression of perceptual semiosis and the dynamics that animate it, before determining their role in the articulation of sensory meaning. In this way, the concept of structure will prove decisive in uncovering a theory of knowledge of the sensible world. We shall see that, from icon to diagram, structure is the object of an abstractive operation that reconfigures not only phenomena and their tensive dynamics, but also the intentional variations of subjects that are functionally associated with them. In this respect, we will underline the importance of the elementary contrast in the classification of the perceived and the construction of the concept, understood as a prototypical example of the class. Finally, we will raise the profoundly unstable character of the perceptual semiosis and the influence games that constantly renegotiate the elementary meaning of the sensory.
An Analysis of Qira’ah Textbooks for Islamic Senior Highschool: A Religious Moderation Perspective
Authors: Nasution Sahkholid , Al-Rasyid Harun , Wulandari Putri , Khalila Zikrani , Pasaribu Baharuddin
Published: January 2024

Learning at Islamic schools functions to strengthen the values of religious moderation for students, so the selection of materials for all learning topics must support the transformation of religious moderation values, including in learning Arabic. This study aims to analyze the Arabic Maharah al-Qira’ah textbooks at Madrasa Aliyah (MA), which contain values of religious moderation. This study follows a qualitative-descriptive method. Data was collected using the content analysis method. The content analysis method is used to look at the constancy of the text content and the meaning of the contents of the Arabic Maharah al-Qira’ah textbooks at MA. The findings of this study indicate that the Arabic Qira’ah textbooks at MA contain religious moderation values including; national commitment, tolerance, anti-violence, and accommodation of local culture. The implications of this study are first, as an auto-corrective for Arabic textbook writers, and second, so that Arabic teachers can reinforce the values of religious moderation to students, both in the form of illustrations and by giving concrete examples in daily behavior.
The Study of Translation Ideology and Its Accuracy in Qur'anic Vocabulary for Women
Authors: Syihabuddin Syihabuddin , Aryanti Tutin
Published: January 2024

Gender issues have garnered considerable attention from researchers, women's campaigners, and society at large. The perspectives held by individuals are grounded on cultural, religious, and ideological frameworks. The religious perspectives, such as those rooted in Islam, draw upon the Qur’an and its translation as primary source. The comprehension of translation is purportedly intricately linked to the underlying ideology that informs the translation process. This study aimed to offer a formulation of ideology that may be utilized to sustain the notion of gender as shown in the translated text. In order to accomplish this objective, an analysis was conducted on the translation of Quranic verses that encompass words pertaining to women, specifically al-umm, al-wālidah, az-zauj, al-'imra`ah, an-nisa`, an-niswah, and al-untsa, employing a series of steps. Those steps were examining the translation technique, identifying the underlying ideology associated with the technique, evaluating the accuracy of the conveyed meaning, engaging in a discussion, and formulating a conclusion. Moreover, this study included the cumulative sum of the seven terms amounted to 146 units, which were extracted from The Qur’an and Its Translation as published by the Ministry of Religion. The findings of this study indicate that gender concepts are translated in a literal manner. This approach demonstrates the adoption of the foreignization ideology in translation, which prioritizes the source language and the precise conveyance of its meaning. The utilization of the idea is further reinforced by the assertion that the seven terms are faithfully translated, except for the term imra'ah, which is rendered as wife, a translation that is deemed to be inaccurate.
Komunikasi Antar Kelompok Arus Utama Dan Kelompok Sempalan Mengenai Pemahaman Politik Keagamaan (Perspektif Tekstualis Dan Kontekstualis)
Authors: Khoiriyah Nunung , H Kabir Al Fadly
Published: January 2024

Soal orientasi politik keagamaan selalu hangat dibicarakan terutama di tataran lintas organisasi keagamaan itu sendiri. Satu sisi berapa kelompok kecil seperti Khilafatul Muslimin yang sedang ramai diperbincangkan punya orientasi pemahaman politik keagamaannya sendiri yang sangat tekstual. Sementara itu, di sisi lain kelompok besar seperti Nahdhatul Ulama memahaminya secara kontekstual. Kenyataan ini menimbulkan polarisasi pandangan politik keagamaan di tengah masyarakat yang berefek domino ke berbagai masalah kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meneliti bagaimana komunikasi antara kelompok arus utama dan sempalan mengenai pemahaman politik keagamaan, cara keduanya membaca teks-teks keagamaan, serta adakah kompromi di antara keduanya yang bisa didudukkan dan dicari jalan tengahnya melalui kacamata komunikasi dan dakwah sehingga polarisasi dapat terminimalisir serta kutub-kutub yang tegang dapat lebih mereda dan diterima dalam konteks keindonesiaan. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus dan dokumen. Teknik pengumpulan datanya berupa observasi dan studi pustaka dianalisis dalam teknik pengumpulan data berupa deskriptif analisis dengan konsep komunikasi kelompok. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bentuk sikap tekstualis Khilafatul Muslimin tampak dari fanatisme berlebihan dengan teks sehingga pemahaman yang timbul adalah agar bagaimana teks itu dapat betul-betul mendeterminasi realitas bukan sebaliknya, soal isu khilafah misalnya yang menjadi titik berangkat dan fokusnya. Khilafatul Muslimin juga mengabaikan konteks yang terus berkembang. Sikap seperti ini belum tentu sesuai dengan konteks keindonesiaan. Sementara Nahdhatul Ulama sangat gigih merespons pemahaman-pemahaman tekstual itu dengan pendekatan kontekstual sehingga cenderung membuat teks lebih lentur dan disesuaikan dengan kondisi yang ada. Maka sebetulnya dibutuhkan tafsir jalan tengah yang ditawarkan dalam teori itu sendiri dengan prinsip tafsir semi tekstual yang dipadukan dengan konteks-realitas kekinian agar apa yang ada diteks dapat diaplikasikan pemahamannya sesuai dengan kontur tempat teks itu diaplikasikan.