bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leadership in ophthalmology training
Authors: Seitz Berthold , Turner Christina , Hamon Loïc , Sneyers Albéric , Alles Felix , Maamri Amine , Goebels-Kummerow Susanne , Fiorentzis Miltiadis , Bechrakis Nikolaos E.
Published: January 2024

Medical specialist training requires constant improvement and adaptation of the contents to the current situation. Nowadays, young physicians have the opportunity to select among the most renowned institutions and can choose the one most qualified for their training. Hospitals on the other hand still have the desire to recruit highly qualified physicians for their resident programs, which requires a good, well-rounded and reliable offer by the department under good leadership. Thus, among other issues a modern and multilingual homepage is already an important instrument for successfully addressing applicants and winning them over for the department. In addition to a well-planned and structured training plan (e.g., the “Homburg Curriculum”) and a so-called “resident guide”, many other additional offers are nowadays part of a successful training, such as structured internal and external specialist training courses, well thought out research concepts available to all interested parties, wet labs for practical exercises on pig’s eyes and as the latest most innovative addition, a virtual reality simulator. Due to a structured curriculum with regular continuous education during the daily early morning meetings and an exchange program with another university eye hospital, not only the residents can benefit but ultimately also the department itself. In addition, future specialists are involved in the respective organization (so-called “service teams”) from the very beginning. This conveys a great deal of knowledge and expertise but also organizational skills and thus improves the quality of training. In any case, standardized residency training with a view beyond the horizon, which is transparently organized and reliably carried out, improves the quality of training in order to become a certified ophthalmologist and increases the satisfaction of the residents. A department which is committed and can offer a wide range of services will benefit from motivated and satisfied employees in a good interpersonal climate, which in the end benefits not only the team but also the patients.
New Record Ocean Temperatures and Related Climate Indicators in 2023
Authors: Cheng Lijing , Abraham John , Trenberth Kevin E. , Boyer Tim , Mann Michael E. , Zhu Jiang , Wang Fan , Yu Fujiang , Locarnini Ricardo , Fasullo John , Zheng Fei , Li Yuanlong , Zhang Bin , Wan Liying , Chen Xingrong , Wang Dakui , Feng Licheng , Song Xiangzhou , Liu Yulong , Reseghetti Franco , Simoncelli Simona , Gouretski Viktor , Chen Gengxin , Mishonov Alexey , Reagan Jim , Von Schuckmann Karina , Pan Yuying , Tan Zhetao , Zhu Yujing , Wei Wangxu , Li Guancheng , Ren Qiuping , Cao Lijuan , Lu Yayang
Published: January 2024

The global physical and biogeochemical environment has been substantially altered in response to increased atmospheric greenhouse gases from human activities. In 2023, the sea surface temperature (SST) and upper 2000 m ocean heat content (OHC) reached record highs. The 0–2000 m OHC in 2023 exceeded that of 2022 by 15 ± 10 ZJ (1 Zetta Joules = 1021Joules) (updated IAP/CAS data); 9 ± 5 ZJ (NCEI/NOAA data). The Tropical Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and southern oceans recorded their highest OHC observed since the 1950s. Associated with the onset of a strong El Niño, the global SST reached its record high in 2023 with an annual mean of ∼0.23°C higher than 2022 and an astounding > 0.3°C above 2022 values for the second half of 2023. The density stratification and spatial temperature inhomogeneity indexes reached their highest values in 2023.
On the takeover mechanism in market socialism
Authors: Carnevali Emilio , Sommacal Matteo
Published: January 2024

In the three decades since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the notion of socialism has been swept into almost total disrepute. The more recent economic literature, however, has shown a resurgence of interest in the concept of socialism, albeit on very different theoretical grounds than in the past. This article investigates the reasons for the socialist movement’s historical distrust of the development of “well-defined” economic projects. This attitude seems to have disappeared in contemporary “socialist projects”. The article also discusses the Shareholder Socialism proposal developed by economist Corneo (Is capitalism obsolete? A journey through alternative economic systems. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 2017, Ann Public Coop Econ 89(1):11–24, 2018, Rev Soc Econ 77(1):35–55, 2019) and proposes a different mathematical formulation of the mechanism through which the takeover of private industries by the public sector should be conducted.
Mutter-Kind-Interaktion bei peripartaler Depression
Authors: Höflich Anna , Poleczek Elke
Published: January 2024

Eine gelungene Eltern-Kind-Interaktion ist essenziell für eine adäquate soziale, emotionale und kognitive Entwicklung des Kindes. Psychiatrische Erkrankungen in der Postpartalzeit können zu einer Störung dieser Interaktion führen. Für peripartale Depression wurde ein erhöhtes Risiko für eine verminderte Eltern-Kind-Bindung und eine veränderte Mutter-Kind-Interaktion gezeigt. Eine frühzeitige multimodale Behandlung von psychiatrischen Symptomen bei der Mutter, interaktionsspezifische Therapieangebote und die Einbeziehung des familiären und sozialen Umfelds sind essenziell in diesem Zusammenhang. Der präsentierte Fall soll die Komplexität und Besonderheiten der Behandlung von psychiatrisch erkrankten Müttern aufzeigen.
Monitoring respiratory state from near-infrared face video images
Authors: Ashida Koichi , Hino Yuta , Koopipat Chawan , Ogawa-Ochiai Keiko , Tsumura Norimichi
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we propose an algorithm for estimating respiratory state using near-infrared facial video images. Estimation of respiratory state is an important indicator for early detection of respiratory diseases. In particular, there is a demand for monitoring respiratory state during the night. One method of monitoring respiratory state is to use contact-type sensors. However, this method requires the installation of many sensors and a visit to a hospital, which place a burden on patients. Therefore, we propose to acquire respiratory-induced features from near-infrared face video images and investigate their similarity to measurements obtained with a respirometer for non-contact monitoring of respiratory state in the dark. Respiratory-induced features were obtained from pulse wave signals extracted from the face video images. The results showed correlations in several respiratory states. This study opens some perspectives in non-contact monitoring of respiratory states.
Structural Components of Inclusive Counseling Services for International University Students
Authors: Sakız Halis , Jencius Marty
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to investigate the structural components of higher education counseling services for international students through an inclusive approach. Data were collected via in-depth interviews with 32 participants including faculty, staff, and students and analyzed thematically. The themes that emerged included the necessity of aligning counseling services with the mission of education; the value of universal support and guidance; the benefits of collaboration among counseling units and other service providers; the need for counseling services to be designed for both providers and students; economic constraints and staffing shortages; impact of social, historical, and cultural factors on international students’ counseling needs; and the importance of international counselors in providing culturally responsive care. This study highlights the importance of inclusive counseling services for international students in higher education and provides valuable insights for developing and improving such services.
Assessment of biomass and carbon storage of a Populus simonii windbreak located in the Western Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Sheppard Jonathan P. , Larysch Elena , Cuaranhua Claudio J. , Schindler Zoe , du Toit Ben , Malherbe Gideon F. , Kunneke Anton , Morhart Christopher , Bohn Reckziegel Rafael , Seifert Thomas , Kahle Hans-Peter
Published: January 2024

The integration of trees within agricultural systems delivers the opportunity to provide multiple benefits over those afforded by agriculture without trees. The use of windbreaks as a form of agroforestry, in water scarce environments, is primarily used to reduce windspeeds in order to decrease evapotranspiration. Quick growing poplar species such as Populus simonii ((Carrière) Wesm.) are frequently utilised within windbreak structures, but to date, few allometric equations are available to quantify biomass production and to make inferences about carbon storage potential of this species, and none outside the forest. To fill this knowledge gap, we destructively sampled 17 P. simonii growing within a windbreak on a wine estate in the Western Cape Provence, South Africa. Power functions were constructed to explain tree height, whole tree aboveground woody biomass, stem and branch biomass as a function of stem diameter at 1.3 m. Additional functions were developed to predict individual branch length and biomass based on branch stub diameter. The presented models explained each variable with high significance. The models could be used to estimate carbon stock per km of windbreak for the given example. Furthermore, bark percentage predicted by stem sectional diameter was modelled to provide a function that can separate wood and bark fractions as a further outlook for the species’ utilisation.
Role of the neo-rural phenomenon and the new peasantry in agroecological transitions: a literature review
Authors: Vizuete Beatriz , Oteros-Rozas Elisa , García-Llorente Marina
Published: January 2024

In the context of agricultural activity intensification and rural abandonment, neo-rurality has emerged as a back-to-the-land migratory movement led by urban populations seeking alternative ways of life close to nature. Although the initiatives of the new peasantry are diverse, most are land related, such as agriculture and livestock farming. A priori, neorural people undertake agri-food system activities in ways that differ from the conventional model, following the principles of environmental and social sustainability. We conducted a systematic review of the literature on the neo-rural phenomenon with the main objective of examining how neo-rurality has been found to support agroecological transitions. The corpus of neo-rural studies was analyzed from a social-ecological perspective, and a Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) was conducted to determine whether neo-rural agri-food system activities follow agroecological principles. The results indicate that neo-rural studies is an emerging research field that has received considerable attention in western countries. Diverse conceptualizations and terms have been used to address the phenomenon, but the literature agrees on political and environmental motivations and several barriers faced by neo-rural people. This population and in particular new peasants, are employing a wide variety of agroecological practices and strategies throughout the agri-food system. Overall, neo-rural people have been reported to contribute significantly to agroecological transition.
Deepening Sexual Desire and Erotic Fantasies Research in the ACE Spectrum: Comparing the Experiences of Asexual, Demisexual, Gray-Asexual, and Questioning People
Authors: Nimbi Filippo Maria , Appia Caterina , Tanzilli Annalisa , Giovanardi Guido , Lingiardi Vittorio
Published: January 2024

Over the past 30 years, an increasing number of people have identified within the asexual (ACE) spectrum recognizing an absence/low/situational sexual attraction to individuals of any gender. The current study aims to deepen the knowledge of sexual desire, erotic fantasies, and related emotions within the ACE spectrum. A total of 1072 Italian volunteers were recruited to take part to the present study via social media. Data were collected from October 2021 to January 2022 using the Sexual Desire and Erotic Fantasies questionnaire and the Sexual Desire Inventory-2. Participants were divided into four groups: asexual, demisexual, gray-asexual, and questioning. Focusing on sexual desire, asexual people reported significantly lower scores than the other groups in all the dimensions except for “negative feelings to sexual desire,” while demisexual participants showed the higher scores in all the domains except for “negative feelings to sexual desire.” The questioning group reported the highest scores in the “negative feelings toward sexual desire” compared to the asexual and demisexual ones. The asexual group reported significantly lower scores than the other groups in fantasies frequency, fantasies importance, negative emotions, and sharing and experiencing. The demisexual group showed higher frequency of romantic fantasies than the asexual and gray-asexual ones. The results showed some specific patterns of desire and fantasies among the asexual, gray-asexual, demisexual, and questioning groups. These data may provide relevant material to clinicians working with asexual patients who need greater awareness about the diversity and heterogeneity of the sexual experience within the ACE spectrum.
A host-based approach for the prioritisation of surveillance of plant pests and pathogens in wild flora and natural habitats in the UK
Authors: Mitchell Ruth J.
Published: January 2024

Non-native plant pests/pathogens are a mostly overlooked threat to biodiversity. Surveillance for plant pests and pathogens is key to early detection yet is rarely undertaken in natural habitats. Current methodologies to prioritise surveillance are pest-based, there is no methodology available to help managers identify 'at risk' hosts and habitats for targeted surveillance. This study compares four host-based methods. Prioritisation of: (1) plant genera known to host the pests/pathogens most likely to establish (Host-pest); (2) habitats known to host the greatest number of pests/pathogens most likely to establish (Habitat-pest); (3) plants classed as foundation species (those that drive ecosystem functioning and support populations of dependent biodiversity) (Foundation-species); (4) habitats with low plant species diversity and hence low resilience (Habitat-resilience). Twelve habitats and 22 heathland vegetation communities in the UK were used as a case-study. The Host-pest method gave 121 plant genera to monitor across all habitats and 14 within heathlands. The Habitat-pest and Habitat-resilience methods prioritised different habitats because the Habitat-pest method uses existing lists of pests which are biased towards those of commercial importance. The Foundation-species method gave 272 species for surveillance across all habitats and 14 within heathlands. Surveillance of habitats and plants prioritised on potential ecological impact (the Foundation-species and Habitat-resilience methods) is recommended rather than known pests/pathogens (the Host-pest and Habitat-pest methods) as this avoids biases within existing lists of pests/pathogens, removes the need for the prioritisation to be regularly updated as new pests/pathogens are identified and takes account of impacts on associated biodiversity and ecosystem functions.
Self-Help to Reduce Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors via Video or Website? A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Schmotz Stella , Dilekoglu Erva , Hoyer Luca , Baumeister Anna , Moritz Steffen
Published: January 2024

Background

Body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs) are common but under-recognized mental disorders. The present study aimed to examine the efficacy of a video presentation of self-help techniques for BFRBs compared to a web-based intervention containing psychoeducation and comprehensive self-help treatment information on BFRBs to reduce symptomatology as well as the same videos as in the first condition.

Methods

A total of 217 participants with BFRBs were randomly assigned to (1) a video condition conveying the established self-help techniques habit reversal training (HRT), decoupling (DC), and decoupling in sensu (DC-is) to reduce BFRBs, (2) a website condition that offered psychoeducational information and treatment material, including the videos from the first treatment condition, or (3) a waitlist control (WLC) condition. A six-week post assessment was conducted. The Generic Body-Focused Repetitive Behavior Scale 45 (GBS-45) served as the primary outcome.

Results

The self-help video condition showed greater improvement in GBS-45 subscales for nail biting in comparison to the self-help website and WLC conditions. For other BFRBs (e.g., joint cracking, trichophagia), the impairment subscale showed significant results in post hoc analyses in favor of the two treatment conditions. Subjective ratings of the techniques were satisfactory and comparable across treatment groups, with slightly higher ratings in favor of the video condition.

Conclusions

The video condition showed better improvement than the control condition on nail biting and other BFRBs. Superior results in the self-help website condition compared to the WLC were shown only for the group of “other” BFRBs (i.e., not trichotillomania, nail biting, dermatillomania, lip/cheek biting). We speculate this might be because users were overwhelmed by the many different approaches described without clear guidelines for how to implement them in daily life. In light of a prior study, we assume that a manualized version of the self-help techniques is superior to the video delivery and recommend that the self-help videos should be used as a complement to a manualized version. Future research should address long-term effects of self-help interventions for BFRBs.
Unusual OCT findings in a patient with CABP4-associated cone–rod synaptic disorder
Authors: Tan Jit Kai , Arno Gavin , Josifova Dragana , Mohamed Moin D. , Mahroo Omar A.
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Bi-allelic variants in CABP4 are associated with congenital cone–rod synaptic disorder, which has also been classified, electrophysiologically, as incomplete congenital stationary night blindness (iCSNB). We describe clinical findings in a patient who demonstrated an unusual macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) phenotype, not previously reported in this condition.

Methods

Our patient underwent multimodal retinal imaging, international standard full-field ERG testing and whole genome sequencing.

Results

The patient was a 60-year-old woman with non-progressive visual impairment since birth, nystagmus and preference for dim lighting. Clinical fundus examination was unremarkable. OCT imaging revealed a hypo-reflective zone under an elevated fovea in both eyes. ERGs showed an electronegative DA10 response, with severely abnormal light-adapted responses. Whole genome sequencing revealed homozygosity for a known pathogenic variant in CABP4. No variants were found in other genes that could explain the patient’s phenotype.

Conclusions

OCT findings of foveal elevation and an underlying hypo-reflective zone are novel in this condition. Whilst the clinical history was similar to achromatopsia and other cone dysfunction syndromes, ERG findings suggested disease associated with CACNA1F or CABP4. As CACNA1F is X-linked, CABP4 was more likely, and confirmed on genetic testing. The patient saw better in dim light, confirming that night blindness is not a feature of CABP4-associated disease. Our case highlights the value of ERGs in discriminating between causes of cone dysfunction, and extends the range of retinal imaging phenotypes reported in this disorder.
Li Fraumeni Syndrome predisposes to gastro-esophageal junction tumours
Authors: Tjandra Douglas , Boussioutas Alex
Published: January 2024

Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS), caused by germline pathogenic variants in TP53, predisposes to a wide range of young-onset malignancies, particularly sarcoma, breast and brain cancer. More recently, an increased risk of gastric adenocarcinoma has been recognised, although uptake of surveillance upper endoscopy is unclear. Our retrospective review of 65 patients with LFS, of whom 53.8% had undergone endoscopy, identified four patients (6.2%) with gastro-esophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinomas. Two cases were found on asymptomatic screening and were early stage. No cases had family history of gastrointestinal malignancy. Reviewing genomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program, 76.4% of sporadic esophageal adenocarcinomas harboured somatic TP53 pathogenic variants, compared with 39.9% of non-cardia gastric cancers. This similar pattern observed in germline and sporadic cases warrants further investigation. We propose that upper endoscopy be recommended to all patients with LFS, with a focus on appropriate surveillance of the GEJ.
The long way to tax transparency: lessons from the early publishers of country-by-country reports
Authors: Godar Sarah , Aliprandi Giulia , Faccio Tommaso , Janský Petr , Toledo Ruiz Katia
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we analyse a sample of voluntarily published country-by-country reports (CbCRs) of 35 multinational enterprises (MNEs). We assess the value added and the limitations of qualitative and quantitative information provided in the reports based on a comparison to individual MNEs’ annual financial reports and aggregate CbCR data provided by the OECD. In terms of data quality, we find that the inclusion of intra-company dividends and equity-accounted profits are a minor concern on average but that for individual MNEs corrections might be substantial. Our sample MNEs seem to pay higher effective tax rates than the global average and many of them report relatively little profit in tax havens. We only find a very weak correlation of the location of profits and effective tax rates. This might indicate that more tax transparent MNEs avoid taxes less aggressively. However, our assessment of different tax risk indicators reveals important variations between companies.
Unveiling Tetraselmis subcordiformis lipidome dynamics during large-scale cultivation in open raceway pond
Authors: Saadaoui Imen , Cherif Maroua , Siddiqui Simil Amir , Esakkimuthu Sivakumar , AbdulQuadir Mohammed , El Anbari Mohamad , Sayadi Sami
Published: January 2024

A local microalgal strain of Tetraselmis subcordiformis was cultivated at large-scale using open raceway pond. The temporal influence on the growth and lipidomic profile of the strain was investigated using optic density (OD) measurement and ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography. Results showed that triglycerides represented 57% of the total lipids on day 11 (exponential phase) and stayed consistently high until stationary phase, without affecting the biomass quantity. Moreover, a high expression of monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids such as ω-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5), docosahexaenoic acid (22:6), palmitic (16:0) and palmitoleic acid (16:1) was observed by stationary phase. Carotenoid analysis also revealed the increase in lutein (65.2%) and β-carotene (71.4%) from day 6 to day 15. Our study showed that T. subcordiformis contained the highest amounts of valuable lipids, fatty acids and pigments in the stationary phase, which started on day 15 of culture.
Ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation based on atrial electrogram duration map: methodology and clinical outcomes from the AEDUM pilot study
Authors: Rossi Pietro , Cauti Filippo Maria , Polselli Marco , Magnocavallo Michele , Niscola Marta , Fanti Veronica , Limite Luca Rosario , Evangelista Antonietta , Bellisario Alessandro , De Paolis Ruggero , Facchetti Simone , Quaglione Raffaele , Piccirillo Gianfranco , Bianchi Stefano
Published: January 2024

Background

Catheter ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation (PsAF) represents a challenge for the electrophysiologist and there are still divergences regarding the best ablative approach to adopt. Create a new map of the duration of atrial bipolar electrograms (Atrial Electrogram DUration Map, AEDUM) to recognize a functional substrate during sinus rhythm and guide a patient-tailored ablative strategy for PsAF.

Methods

Forty PsAF subjects were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either for PVI alone (Group B1) or PVI+AEDUM areas ablation (Group B2). A cohort of 15 patients without AF history undergoing left-sided accessory pathway ablation was used as a control group (Group A). In all patients, voltage and AEDUM maps were created during sinus rhythm. The minimum follow-up was 12 months, with rhythm monitoring via 48-h ECG Holter or by implantable cardiac device.

Results

Electrogram (EGM) duration was higher in Group B than in Group A (49±16.2ms vs 34.2±3.8ms; p-value<0.001). In Group B the mean cumulative AEDUM area was 21.8±8.2cm2; no difference between the two subgroups was observed (22.3±9.1cm2 vs 21.2±7.2cm2; p-value=0.45). The overall bipolar voltage recorded inside the AEDUM areas was lower than in the remaining atrial areas [median: 1.30mV (IQR: 0.71–2.38mV) vs 1.54mV (IQR: 0.79–2.97mV); p-value: <0.001)]. Low voltage areas (<0.5mV) were recorded in three (7.5%) patients in Group B. During the follow-up [median 511 days (376–845days)] patients who underwent PVI-only experienced more AF recurrence than those receiving a tailored approach (65% vs 35%; p-value= 0.04).

Conclusions

All PsAF patients exhibited AEDUM areas. An ablation approach targeting these areas resulted in a more effective strategy compared with PVI only.

Graphical Abstract
Differential Exposure to Climate Change? Evidence from the 2021 Floods in Germany
Authors: Odersky Moritz , Löffler Max
Published: January 2024

We analyze the exposure of different income groups to the 2021 floods in Germany, which serve as an exemplary case of natural disasters intensified by anthropogenic climate change. To this end, we link official geo-coded satellite data on flood-affected buildings to neighborhood-level information on socio-economic status. We then document the empirical relationship between flood damages and household income. We limit comparisons to the vicinity of affected rivers and absorb a rich set of regional fixed effects to assess the differential exposure at the local level. Average household income is around 1,500 euros or three percent lower in flood-affected neighborhoods than in non-affected neighborhoods nearby. Average flood exposure is more than three times as high in the bottom sixty than in the upper forty percent of neighborhoods in terms of average household income. Our study is the first to document this regressive exposure along the income distribution based on actual flood damage data in Europe.
Incentive alignment in anchored MaxDiff yields superior predictive validity
Authors: Schramm Joshua Benjamin , Lichters Marcel
Published: January 2024

Maximum Difference Scaling (MaxDiff) is an essential method in marketing concerning forecasting consumer purchase decisions and general product demand. However, the usefulness of traditional MaxDiff studies suffers from two limitations. First, it measures relative preferences, which prevents predicting how many consumers would actually buy a product and impedes comparing results across respondents. Second, market researchers apply MaxDiff in hypothetical settings that might not reveal valid preferences due to hypothetical bias. The first limitation has been addressed by implementing anchored MaxDiff variants. In contrast, the latter limitation has only been targeted in other preference measurement procedures such as conjoint analysis by applying incentive alignment. By integrating anchored MaxDiff (i.e., direct vs. indirect anchoring) with incentive alignment (present vs. absent) in a 2 × 2 between-subjects preregistered online experiment (n = 448), the current study is the first to address both threats. The results show that incentive-aligning MaxDiff increases the predictive validity regarding consequential product choices—importantly—independently of the anchoring method. In contrast, hypothetical MaxDiff variants overestimate general product demand. The article concludes by showcasing how the managerial implications drawn from anchored MaxDiff differ depending on the four tested variants. In addition, we provide the first incentive-aligned MaxDiff benchmark dataset in the field.
Virtual team training with Mixed Reality and Virtual Reality – benefits and limitations illustrated on the example of two paramedic classes
Authors: Elsenbast Christian , Dahlmann Philipp , Schnier Dominik
Published: January 2024

In the field of medical case simulations, strong technologization has been observed for years, for example through Extended Reality. This study examined the impact of Virtual and Mixed Reality (VR, resp. MR) on the team training of paramedic trainees. In the quasi-experimental cross-sectional controlled comparison study, participants were assigned to an experimental group (= EG, mixed reality with manikin) and a comparison group (= CG, virtual reality without manikin). After a virtual case simulation, “VR sickness”, sense of presence, motivation, and sociodemographic variables were elicited. Parametric tests were used for mean comparison and correlation analysis. A total of 20 participants were evaluated in the EG and 16 in the CG. In both groups, high intrinsic motivation (mean 5.32/7), an acceptable sense of spatial presence (mean 4.24/6), and advanced usability (mean 68.54/100), were observed. VR sickness symptoms were present (SSQ total score: 11.43). In both groups, correlation was found between Identified Regulation and Usability (EG: r = .74, p < .001, CG: r = .76, p < .001). The same pattern could be observed for Intrinsic Motivation and Usability (EG: r = .83, p < .001, CG: r = .70, p = .003). Spatial Presence and Usability were also correlated in both groups (EG: r = .71, p < .001, CG: r = .61, p = .01). A significant mean score difference (p = .021) was found for Amotivation between the EG (Mean = 1.92/6) and the CG (Mean = 1.56/6). VR and MR are potential learning methods if they are implemented in a planned manner by competent faculty. Our recommendation is to use setup checklists, but also a competence-oriented approach, considering fiction contract and structured debriefing. The use of wireless head-mounted displays and "data gloves" is also recommended.
Optical UV–visible, Raman spectroscopy, and gamma radiation shielding properties of borate glass systems; B2O3 + Na2O + Al2O3 / MgO/ Li2O
Authors: Hussein E. M. Abou , Rammah Y. S.
Published: January 2024

Three borate glass systems with chemical formula 65 B2O3 +  30 Na2O + 5 (x) wt%; x = Al2O3, MgO, and Li2O were fabricated by the common melting-annealing method and coded as BNAl, BNMg, and BNLi, respectively. XRD pattern revealed the non-crystalline form and the glassy states of the prepared samples. UV-optical absorption spectra showed UV cutoff peaks in the range 320–340 nm and optical energy gap (Eopt) by Tauc’s model (ETauc’s) and ASF method (EASF) revealed quite similar values ranged from 2.60 to 3 eV before irradiation and 2.23 to 2.60 eV after 20 kGy of gamma irradiation. Raman spectra show three detectable regions at; (i) 250–600 cm−1, (ii) 500–1000 cm−1 and (iii) 1000–2000 cm−1 correlated to different borate forms. Many radiation shielding parameters were theoretically calculated using Phy-X/PSD and simulated via Monte Carlo code (MCNP-5) in photon energy range (0.015–15 MeV). Mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), linear gamma attenuation coefficient (LAC), effective atomic number (Zeff), fast neutron macroscopic cross section (∑R), exposure buildup factor (EBF) and energy absorption buildup factor (EABF) at various penetration depths PD, as well as half (HVL) and tenth value layers (TVL) and mean free path (MFP) were also estimated. The shielding parameters showed the order of (MAC, LAC)BNAl > (MAC,LAC)BNMg > (MAC, LAC)BNLi. The stability of the glasses optical, and structural properties against gamma irradiation indicate the capable use of the glasses for radiation shielding applications specially Al2O3 glass with the heaviest atomic weight and the highest capacity for radiation shielding protection.
In Vitro Screening and Lipid-Lowering Effect of Prickly Pear (Opuntia Ficus-Indica L. Mill.) Fruit Extracts in 3T3-L1 Pre-Adipocytes and Mature Adipocytes
Authors: Eseberri Itziar , Gómez-Maqueo Andrea , Trepiana Jenifer , Gómez-López Iván , Proença Carina , Cano M. Pilar , Portillo Maria P.
Published: January 2024

Opuntia ficus-indica fruits have been widely used due to their nutritional composition and beneficial effects on health, particularly against chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases and cancer, among others. In recent years, prickly pear peel and pulp extracts have been characterised, and a high number of bioactive compounds have been identified. This study aimed to analyse the triglyceride-lowering effect of prickly pear peel and pulp extracts obtained from fruits of three varieties (Pelota, Sanguinos, and Colorada) in 3T3-L1 maturing and mature adipocytes. At a concentration of 50 µg/mL, peel extracts from Colorada reduced triglyceride accumulation in pre-adipocytes and mature adipocytes. Additionally, at 25 µg/mL, Pelota peel extract decreased triglyceride content in mature adipocytes. Moreover, maturing pre-adipocytes treated with 50 and 25 µg/mL of Sanguinos pulp extract showed a reduction of triglyceride accumulation. In addition, the lipid-lowering effect of the main individual betalain and phenolic compounds standards were assayed. Piscidic acid and isorhamnetin glycoside (IG2), found in Colorada peel extract, were identified as the bioactive compounds that could contribute more notably to the triglyceride-lowering effect of the extract. Thus, the betalain and phenolic-rich extracts from Opuntia ficus indica fruits may serve as an effective tool in obesity management.
The effect of bariatric surgery on the expression of gastrointestinal taste receptors: A systematic review
Authors: Walmsley Rosalind , Chong Lynn , Hii Michael W. , Brown Robyn M. , Sumithran Priya
Published: January 2024

Gastrointestinal nutrient sensing via taste receptors may contribute to weight loss, metabolic improvements, and a reduced preference for sweet and fatty foods following bariatric surgery. This review aimed to investigate the effect of bariatric surgery on the expression of oral and post-oral gastrointestinal taste receptors and associations between taste receptor alterations and clinical outcomes of bariatric surgery. A systematic review was conducted to capture data from both human and animal studies on changes in the expression of taste receptors in oral or post-oral gastrointestinal tissue following any type of bariatric surgery. Databases searched included Medline, Embase, Emcare, APA PsychInfo, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL. Two human and 21 animal studies were included. Bariatric surgery alters the quantity of many sweet, umami, and fatty acid taste receptors in the gastrointestinal tract. Changes to the expression of sweet and amino acid receptors occur most often in intestinal segments surgically repositioned more proximally, such as the alimentary limb after gastric bypass. Conversely, changes to fatty acid receptors were observed more frequently in the colon than in the small intestine. Significant heterogeneity in the methodology of included studies limited conclusions regarding the direction of change in taste receptor expression induced by bariatric surgeries. Few studies have investigated associations between taste receptor expression and clinical outcomes of bariatric surgery. As such, future studies should look to investigate the relationship between bariatric surgery-induced changes to gut taste receptor expression and function and the impact of surgery on taste preferences, food palatability, and eating behaviour.

Registration code in PROSPERO: CRD42022313992
Scientometric rules as a guide to transform science systems in the Middle East and North Africa
Authors: El-Ouahi Jamal
Published: January 2024

This study explores how scientometric data and indicators are used to transform science systems in a selection of countries in the Middle East and North Africa. I propose that scientometric-based rules inform such transformation. First, the research shows how research managers adopt scientometrics as ‘global standards’. I also show how several scientometric data and indicators are adopted following a ‘glocalization’ process. Finally, I demonstrate how research managers use this data to inform decision-making and policymaking processes. This study contributes to a broader understanding of the usage of scientometric indicators in the context of assessing research institutions and researchers based on their publishing activities. Related to these assessments, I also discuss how such data transforms and adapts local science systems to meet so-called ‘global standards’.
Manner Matters: Linguistic Equity Through a Court Interpreter in Australia
Authors: Yi Ran
Published: January 2024

Linguistic equity through an interpreter is not merely a fundamental human right but also an integral part of procedural justice. As codified in the professional code of conduct, interpreters should faithfully interpret everything that has been said in the exact same manner as the original speakers. Much has been researched about the content. Little has been known about the interpretations of the manner. Drawing on one hundred questionnaire responses, this article examines the interpreters’ awareness of the manner of speech in Australian virtual courts and remote interpreting settings. The results suggest a general lack of understanding of the manner of speech, as reflected by interpreters’ inadequate knowledge of definitions and specific types of manner-related features. Furthermore, the insufficient understanding of the manner of speech impacts the interpreters’ perceptions of the manner of speech in the original utterances, and their views of the faithful reproduction of the se feature in courtroom discursive practices. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of written responses provided by professional interpreters provide insights into the practical aspects of reproducing the manner of speech in court.
Image-based hemodynamic simulations for intracranial aneurysms: the impact of complex vasculature
Authors: Gaidzik Franziska , Korte Jana , Saalfeld Sylvia , Janiga Gábor , Berg Philipp
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Hemodynamics play an important role in the assessment of intracranial aneurysm (IA) development and rupture risk. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of complex vasculatures onto the intra-vessel and intra-aneurysmal blood flow.

Methods

Complex segmentation of a subject-specific, 60-outlet and 3-inlet circle of Willis model captured with 7T magnetic resonance imaging was performed. This model was trimmed to a 10-outlet model version. Two patient-specific IAs were added onto both models yielding two pathological versions, and image-based blood flow simulations of the four resulting cases were carried out. To capture the differences between complex and trimmed model, time-averaged and centerline velocities were compared. The assessment of intra-saccular blood flow within the IAs involved the evaluation of wall shear stresses (WSS) at the IA wall and neck inflow rates (NIR).

Results

Lower flow values are observed in the majority of the complex model. However, at specific locations (left middle cerebral artery 0.5 m/s, left posterior cerebral artery 0.25 m/s), higher flow rates were visible when compared to the trimmed counterpart. Furthermore, at the centerlines the total velocity values reveal differences up to 0.15 m/s. In the IAs, the reduction in the neck inflow rate and WSS in the complex model was observed for the first IA (IA-A δNIRmean =  − 0.07ml/s, PCA.l δWSSmean =  − 0.05 Pa). The second IA featured an increase in the neck inflow rate and WSS (IA-B δNIRmean = 0.04 ml/s, PCA.l δWSSmean = 0.07 Pa).

Conclusion

Both the magnitude and shape of the flow distribution vary depending on the model’s complexity. The magnitude is primarily influenced by the global vessel model, while the shape is determined by the local structure. Furthermore, intra-aneurysmal flow strongly depends on the location in the vessel tree, emphasizing the need for complex model geometries for realistic hemodynamic assessment and rupture risk analysis.
Distributed Deep Reinforcement Learning: A Survey and a Multi-player Multi-agent Learning Toolbox
Authors: Yin Qiyue , Yu Tongtong , Shen Shengqi , Yang Jun , Zhao Meijing , Ni Wancheng , Huang Kaiqi , Liang Bin , Wang Liang
Published: January 2024

With the breakthrough of AlphaGo, deep reinforcement learning has become a recognized technique for solving sequential decision-making problems. Despite its reputation, data inefficiency caused by its trial and error learning mechanism makes deep reinforcement learning difficult to apply in a wide range of areas. Many methods have been developed for sample efficient deep reinforcement learning, such as environment modelling, experience transfer, and distributed modifications, among which distributed deep reinforcement learning has shown its potential in various applications, such as human-computer gaming and intelligent transportation. In this paper, we conclude the state of this exciting field, by comparing the classical distributed deep reinforcement learning methods and studying important components to achieve efficient distributed learning, covering single player single agent distributed deep reinforcement learning to the most complex multiple players multiple agents distributed deep reinforcement learning. Furthermore, we review recently released toolboxes that help to realize distributed deep reinforcement learning without many modifications of their non-distributed versions. By analysing their strengths and weaknesses, a multi-player multi-agent distributed deep reinforcement learning toolbox is developed and released, which is further validated on Wargame, a complex environment, showing the usability of the proposed toolbox for multiple players and multiple agents distributed deep reinforcement learning under complex games. Finally, we try to point out challenges and future trends, hoping that this brief review can provide a guide or a spark for researchers who are interested in distributed deep reinforcement learning.
Estimating vertical ground reaction forces from plantar pressure using interpretable high-dimensional approximation
Authors: Weidensager Laura , Krumm Dominik , Potts Daniel , Odenwald Stephan
Published: January 2024

Several studies have reported methods for capturing ground reaction forces in the field. However, these forces are usually measured indirectly with non-interpretable “black box” models. Here we report an interpretable model with a function approximation algorithm. The model uses time series of plantar pressure from instrumented insoles to estimate vertical ground reaction forces. The study included data from 16 persons moving at different speeds on a two-belt treadmill equipped with force plates. The introduced regression model, based on a high-dimensional approximation, using only low-dimensional variable interactions, demonstrated its ability to estimate vertical ground reaction forces. The normalized mean square error for velocities between 3 and $$9\,\hbox {km}\,\hbox {h}^{-1}$$

9

km

h

-
1

ranged from 10.6 to $$24.4\,\%$$

24.4

%

. The accuracy of the presented approach, which can be used to analyze and interpret the learned model, was comparable to that reported in the literature. Furthermore, the evaluation of the learned model is particularly suitable for embedded and portable systems and, after a one-time calibration measurement, allows permanent and laboratory-independent measurement of vertical ground reaction forces.
Facilitators and Barriers of Implementation of Evidence-Based Parenting Support in Educational Settings
Authors: Moller Nicholas , Tellegen Cassandra L. , Ma Tianyi , Sanders Matthew R.
Published: January 2024

Improving child behavior and promoting family well-being is a key objective of evidence-based parenting programs, such as the Triple P–Positive Parenting Program. To achieve this goal, parenting programs are delivered using a multidisciplinary workforce. Previous researchers have collectively examined the entire workforce of parenting practitioners to determine the factors that influence program delivery, primarily using self-report measures. However, these findings did not highlight the unique factors relevant to specific practitioner disciplines. Educators are one practitioner discipline that play an integral role in delivering parenting programs through schools and early childhood learning settings. This study aimed at exploring the facilitators and barriers that impact frequency of program use for educator practitioners using both qualitative and quantitative analyses. Data from 404 Triple P educator practitioners were extracted from a larger dataset of 1202 practitioners from English-speaking countries who completed self-report questionnaires and responded to three open-ended questions. Hierarchical multiple regressions were conducted using eight independent variables (with participant characteristics as control variables), revealing seven positive and one negative predictor for frequency of use. A thematic analysis was then conducted on the qualitative responses, producing 11 themes and 28 subthemes. The quantitative analysis revealed organisational support, perceived usefulness, and practitioner self-regulation were the most important positive predictors. The qualitative analysis supported these findings and revealed novel barriers including Covid-19/work from home, online delivery, parent factors, and specific organisational factors. These findings highlight the need for online resources, reliable virtual delivery methods, improved ways to reach and engage families, and additional trained education practitioners to distribute high workloads.
Vertical distribution of epibenthic megafauna of a large seamount west of Cape Verde islands (tropical North Atlantic)
Authors: Scepanski Dominik , Augustin Nico , Dünn Manon , Scherwaß Anja , Xavier Joana R. , Werner Johannes , Waldvogel Ann-Marie , Arndt Hartmut
Published: January 2024

Seamounts are thought to function as hotspots of megafauna diversity due to their topology and environmental characteristics. However, assessments of megafauna communities inhabiting seamounts, including diversity and density, are scarce. In this study, we provide megafauna diversity and density estimates for a recently discovered, not yet characterized seamount region (Boetius seamounts) west of Cape Verde (N17° 16′, W29° 26′). We investigated the distribution of epibenthic megafauna over a large depth gradient from the seamount’s summit at 1400 m down to 3200 m water depth and provided qualitative and quantitative analyses based on quantified video data. In utilizing an ocean floor observation system (OFOS), calibrated videos were taken as a horizontal transect from the north-eastern flank of the seamount, differentiating between an upper, coral-rich region (−1354/−2358 m) and a deeper, sponge-rich region (−2358/−3218 m). Taxa were morphologically distinguished, and their diversity and densities were estimated and related to substrate types. Both the upper and deeper seamount region hosted unique communities with significantly higher megafauna richness at the seamount’s summit. Megafauna densities differed significantly between the upper (0.297 ± 0.167 Ind./m2) and deeper community (0.112 ± 0.114 Ind./m). The seamount showed a vertical zonation with dense aggregations of deep-sea corals dominating the seamount’s upper region and colonies of the glass sponges Poliopogon amadou dominating the deeper region. The results are discussed in light of detected substrate preferences and co-occurrence of species and are compared with findings from other Atlantic seamounts.