bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: METAL ASSISTED CYCLOADDITIONS. IV. ENHANCED REACTIVITY OF CPFE(CO)(η1‐2‐METHOXYALLYL) COMPLEX IN CYCLOADDITION REACTIONS WITH OLEFINS BY INTRODUCTION OF A PHOSPHITE LIGAND: SYNTHESIS OF TRISUBSTITUTED CYCLOPENTENES
Authors: BAKER R. , RAO V. B. , ERDIK E.
Published: May 2016

Der Phosphit‐can bonyI‐(nicyclopentadienyl)(n1‐2‐methoxyallyl)eisen‐Komplex (IV) wird photochemisch in Gegenwart des Katalysators (III) durch Umsetzung des entsprechenden Dicarbonyl‐Komplexes (I) mit dem cyclischen Phosphit (II) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: METHYLCOBALT COMPOUNDS WITH NONCHELATING LIGANDS. IV. MONOOLEFIN COMPLEXES
Authors: KLEIN H.‐F. , GROSS J. , HAMMER R. , SCHUBERT U.
Published: May 2016

Der Phospin‐Co‐Komplex (I) bildet in Etherlösung, die mit Oletinen gesättigt ist, bei tiefen Temp. dissoziationslabile Monoolefinkomplexe, die durch Reaktion mit MeLi oder PhLi in stabilere Verbindungen (II) übergehen.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPLEXES WITH ALKYL‐SUBSTITUTED PHOSPHINOMETHANES AND ‐METHANIDES. V. ISOELECTRONIC PENTACOORDINATED BIS(DIMETHYLPHOSPHINO)METHANE COMPLEXES OF IRON(0), COBALT(I), AND NICKEL(II)
Authors: KARSCH H. H.
Published: May 2016

Durch Ligandensubstitutionsreaktionen werden die Komplexe (II), (VIII) und (XIII) mit einer Vierringchelateinheit sowie die Komplexe (III), (VII), (IX) und (XII) mit zwei Vierringchelateinheiten wie aufgezeichnet synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐PYRIDYLPHOSPHINES. III. SYNTHESIS AND AN X‐RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS OF COPPER(I) AND SILVER(I) CHLORIDE COMPLEXES
Authors: INOGUCHI Y. , MILEWSKI‐MAHRLA B. , NEUGEBAUER D. , JONES P. G. , SCHMIDBAUR H.
Published: May 2016

Phenyl‐(2‐pyridyl)‐phosphine bilden mit Cu(I)‐ oder Ag(I)‐chlorid die 1:1‐Komplexe (l).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF HETEROMETALLIC CLUSTERS FROM THIOMETALATES BY ′UNIT CONSTRUCTION′
Authors: MUELLER A. + , SCHIMANSKI U. , SCHIMANSKI J.
Published: May 2016

Molekül‐ und Kristallstrukturdaten der wie aufgezeichnet synthetisierten Komplexe (I) und (III), deren Strukturen Würfelfragmente sind, und die der ähnlich dargestellten linearen Ag‐Komplexe (IV) und (V) werden mitgeteilt.
ChemInform Abstract: QUANTITATIVE SEPARATION AND ANALYSIS OF DIASTEREOISOMERS OF L‐METHIONINE S,R‐SULFOXIMINE VIA CYCLIC N‐BLOCKED DERIVATIVES
Authors: SUGIYAMA Y. , WEDLER F. C.
Published: May 2016

Die Diastereomeren von Methionin‐sulfoxi‐ min‐(l) werden mit N‐Ethoxycarbonylphthalimid (II) zum Substitutionsprodukt (III) umgesetzt, das mit Acetanhydrid oder Carbodiimid zu (IV) cyclisiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: Ω‐AMINOALKYL β‐GLYCOSIDES OF N‐ACETYLMURAMYL‐L‐ALANYL‐D‐ISOGLUTAMINE, AND THEIR CONJUGATES WITH MENINGOCOCCAL GROUP C POLYSACCHARIDE
Authors: PONPIPOM M. M. , RUPPRECHT K. M.
Published: May 2016

Nach der OxazoIinmethode wird das Aminoglycosid (Ia) erhalten, das über die Benzylidenverbindung (II) in das Dipeptid (III) umgewandelt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 5‐DEOXY‐5‐C‐(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINYL)‐1,2‐O‐ISOPROPYLIDENE‐3‐O‐METHYL‐β‐L‐IDOFU# RANOSE
Authors: YAMADA M. , YAMASHITA M. , INOKAWA S.
Published: May 2016

Die Umsetzung der Nitro‐eno‐furanoee (I) mit Diphenylphosphinoxid (II) liefert die isomeren Verbindungen (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMICAL AND PHOTOPHYSICAL DYNAMICS OF DIATOMIC IODINE ISOLATED IN A RARE GAS CAGE
Authors: BEEKEN P. B. , HANSON E. A. , FLYNN G. W.
Published: May 2016

Für I2 in Ar‐, Kr‐ und Xe‐Matrizen führt Laser‐Anregung, die in der Gasphase Prädissoziation erzeugen würde, zu prompter Emission aus den ′Iilektronenzuständen B 31r(O?), A31r, " und A′ 31r,".
ChemInform Abstract: ESR INVESTIGATIONS OF WATER (H2O+, HDO+, D2O+, AND H217O+) ISOLATED IN NEON MATRIXES AT 4 K
Authors: KNIGHT L. B. JUN. , STEADMAN J.
Published: May 2016

Die Neun‐Elektronen‐Radikal‐Kationen wurden durch Photoionisation erzeugt und bei 4 K in Ne‐Matrizen eingefangen.
ChemInform Abstract: CHLORO‐COMPLEXES FORMATION IN A ZINC CHLORIDE‐CADMIUM CHLORIDE AQUEOUS SOLUTION: AN X‐RAY DIFFRACTION STUDY
Authors: PASCHINA G. , PICCALUGA G. , PINNA G. , MAGINI M.
Published: May 2016

Die im Hinblick auf I‐Iydrometallurgie‐Phänomene durchgeführten Untersuchungen an Lösungen von 1 mol/l ZnCl, oder/und CdClg zeigten, daß Znztlonen hexakoordiniert sind (5 H2O und ein C1′ in der Koordinationsschale).
ChemInform Abstract: SYSTEMATIC DESIGN OF CHEMICAL OSCILLATORS. 17. BIRHYTHMICITY AND COMPOUND OSCILLATION IN COUPLED CHEMICAL OSCILLATORS: CHLORITE‐BROMATE‐IODIDE SYSTEM
Authors: ALAMGIR M. , EPSTEIN I. R.
Published: May 2016

Experimente in einem "stirred flow"‐Reaktor (CSTR) zeigten, daß nicht nur die C105 ‐I′‐ und B103′ ‐I ′‐Reaktionen oszillatorisch sind, sondern daß Bromid aus Reaktion von lodid mit Broniat gebildet wird und C10; ‐BrO3′ ‐Br′ eine dritte oszillatorische Reaktion auslöst.
ChemInform Abstract: ON THE ABSOLUTE STEREOCHEMISTRIES OF (‐)‐BENZOCYCLOHEPTEN‐3‐OL, (‐)‐2,3,4,5‐TETRAHYDRO‐1‐BENZOXEPIN‐5‐OL, AND (‐)‐BENZOCYCLOOCTEN‐3‐OL
Authors: KASAI M. , ZIFFER H.
Published: May 2016

Durch mikrobiologische Reduktion mitCryptococcus macerans erhält man aus den Carbonylverbindungen (I) die Alkohole (II), deren Vorliegen in der S (‐)‐Konfiguration durch Abbau zu den α‐Acetoxy‐dicarbonsäuremethylestern (IV) mit bekannter Konfiguration bestimmt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: HYDROLYSIS OF IMIDAZOLE‐CONTAINING AMIDE ACETALS
Authors: BROWN R. S. , ULAN J. G.
Published: May 2016

Aus der Abhängigkeit kinetischer Daten für die säurekatalysierte Hydrolyse der Acetale (I) im pH‐Bereich l‐l l wird ein gemeinsamer Mechanismus abgeleitet mit einem späten Übergangszustand und der C‐N‐Bindungsspaltung als geschwindigkeitsbestimmendem Schritt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS, X‐RAY ANALYSIS, AND ACIDOLYSIS OF EXO‐ AND ENDO‐1‐METHYLINDENE OZONIDES
Authors: MIURA M. , IKEGAMI A. , NOJIMA M. , KUSABAYASHI S. , MCCULLOUGH K. J. , NAGASE S.
Published: May 2016

Die Produkte (II) und (III) der Ozonolyse von lndenen wie z.B. (I) wandeln sich in Gegenwart von SbCls oder ClSO3H in CllzClz ineinander um, wobei die Zusammensetzung des Gleichgewichtsgemisches 7:3 beträgt.
ChemInform Abstract: DIENOPHILIC REACTIVITY OF TRANS‐1,2‐BIS(PHENYLSULFONYL)ETHYLENE: A VALID ALTERNATIVE TO MALEIC ANHYDRIDE
Authors: DE LUCCHI O. , MODENA G.
Published: May 2016

trans‐1,2‐Bis‐phenylsulfonyl‐ethylen (II) entspricht in seiner Reaktivitüt dem Maleinsäitreanhydrid und wird mit den Dienen (I), (V) und (VI) in die Additionsverbindungen (III), (IV) und (VII) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOALKYLATION OF COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ACTIVE METHYLENE GROUPS BY α,Ω‐DIBROMIDES AS A METHOD FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF 1,1‐DISUBSTITUTED CYCLOALKANES
Authors: ZEFIROV N. S. , KUZNETSOVA T. S. , KOZHUSHKOV S. I. , SURMINA L. S. , RASHCHUPKINA Z. A.
Published: May 2016

Durch Reaktion der methylenaktiven Verbindungen (Ia)‐(Ii) mit den und‐Dibromalkanen (II), (IV) bzw. (XI) in Gegenwart von KzCOa in DMSO werden die Cycloalkane (III), (V), (VIII) und (XII) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: OCTACYANOTETRAMETHYLENECYCLOBUTANE DIANION AND ITS ANION RADICAL
Authors: BLINKA T. A. , WEST R.
Published: May 2016

Aus dem 1,2‐Dichlor‐tetrafluor‐cyclobuten (I) erhält man mit Malorlinitril (II) unter Zusatz von NaH ein Salz (III).
ChemInform Abstract: CHROMYL COMPLEXES IN THE DIRECT EPOXIDATION OF ALKENES
Authors: MIYAURA N. , KOCHI J. K.
Published: May 2016

Chromylnitrat oxidiert Alkene zu Epoxiden, wie z.B. (I) zu (II), Z‐ und E‐β‐Methyl‐styrol zu (III) bzw. (IV), E‐Stilben zu (V), Tetramethylethylen zu (VI) und Norbornen zu (VII) (bei Umsätzen zwischen 14 und 93% liegt die Selektivität für das Epoxid zwischen 30 und 94%, Nebenprodukte sind u. a. Aldehyde bzw. Ketone; keine Ausb.‐Angaben).
ChemInform Abstract: SODIUM PERBORATE: A CHEAP AND EFFECTIVE REAGENT FOR THE OXIDATION OF ANILINES AND SULFIDES
Authors: MCKILLOP A. , TARBIN J. A.
Published: May 2016

Für Natriumperborat wird die Struktur (I) vorgeschlagen.
ChemInform Abstract: REDUCTION OF AZIDES TO AMINES BY CATALYTIC TRANSFER HYDROGENATION USING AMMONIUM FORMATE
Authors: GARTISER T. , SELVE C. , DELPUECH J. J.
Published: May 2016

Unter CTH‐Bedingungen werden verschiedene Azide (1) mit Ammonium‐formiat (II) zu Aminen (III) hydriert.
ChemInform Abstract: CHIRAL SILICON COMPOUNDS. ASYMMETRIC REDUCTION OF KETONES
Authors: WANG D. , CHAN T. H.
Published: May 2016

(‐)‐β‐Pinen (I) reagiert mit den Silanen (II) in guten Ausbeuten zu den Addukten (III), die mit Methyl‐ magnesitunbromici zur Permethylverbindting (IV) führen.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐FLUORO‐2‐PYRIDONE: A USEFUL FLUORINATING REAGENT
Authors: PURRINGTON S. T. , JONES W. A.
Published: May 2016

?.‐Pyridon (I) wird zum Trimethylsilylether (III) substituiert und dann mit 5 ′,3? Fluor in Stickstoff in das N‐Fluor‐Pyridon (IV) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: AN IMPROVED PREPARATION OF VINYL IODIDES
Authors: BARTON D. H. R. , BASHIARDES G. , FOURREY J.‐L.
Published: May 2016

2,2‐Dimethyl‐cyclohexanon (I) liefert über das Hydrazon bei der Oxidation mit lod das lod‐cyelohexen (II), aus 6‐Methoxy‐1‐tetralon (III) entsteht das analoge Vinyliodid (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: HYDROCHLORINATION OF VINYL AND ALLYL ESTERS OF ACRYLIC AND TRANS‐CROTONIC ACIDS
Authors: KOMAROVA L. I. , ZHURAVLEVA E. I.
Published: May 2016

Die Reaktion der Acrylsäureester (I) mit HCl erfolgt regioselektiv an der Doppelbindung der Acryloylgruppe unter Bildung der ββhlorpropionsäureester (II), von denen einige weitere Reaktionen zu den Verbindungen (III)‐(V) beschrieben werden.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,4‐DI‐TERT‐BUTYLMETHYLENECYCLOPROPENE
Authors: BILLUPS W. E. , LIN L. J.
Published: May 2016

Di‐tert.‐butyl‐allen (I) reagiert mit dem aus Methylenchlorid und Methyllithium erhaltenen Chlorcarben zu den stereoisomeren Addukten (II), die mit tert.‐Butylat über das Cyclopropen (III) zum tert.‐Butoxycyclopropan (IV) führen.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOBUTANE‐BICYCLOBUTANE SYSTEM. PART 4. AN UNEXPECTED β‐ELIMINATION FROM 3,3‐DIFLUOROCYCLOBUTANECARBONITRILE
Authors: HOZ S. , AURBACH D. , AVIVI C.
Published: May 2016

Bei der Behandlung mit Basen erhält man aus 3 ,3‐Difluor‐cyclobutannitril (I f) statt des erwarteten 7‐15liminierungsproduktes(IV) das β‐Eliminierungsprodukt (II).
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS OF DIPHENYL ETHERS HAVING TYROSINE MOIETY
Authors: INOUE T. , NAITOH K. , KOSEMURA S. , UMEZAWA I. , SONOBE T. , SERIZAWA N. , MORI N.
Published: May 2016

Das aus dem N‐Methyl‐ N‐benzyloxycarbonyl‐L‐tyrosin (I) durch Oxidation hergestellte Dienonlacton (II) wird epoxidiert und erneut lactonisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: THE EFFECT OF CYCLOBUTENE RING ANNULATION ON P‐BENZOQUINONE: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF 1,2,3,4,5,6‐HEXAHYDROBENZO(1,2:4,5)DICYCLOBUTENE‐3,6‐DIONE ((2,3:5,6)DICYCLOBUTA‐P‐BENZOQUINONE)
Authors: KANAO Y. , IYODA M. , ODA M.
Published: May 2016

Ethylen (II) und das Bieyclooctendion (I) reagieren bei der gemeinsamen Bestrahlung zu den stereoisomeren Addukten (III) und (IV), die mit Selendioxid zu (V) oxidiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SOME 1‐ALKYLAMINO‐3‐(2′‐METHOXY‐4′‐DIETHYLCARBAMOYLPHENOXY)PROPAN‐2‐OLS
Authors: MONFORTE P. , BASILE M. , PREVITERA T. , LARIZZA A. , MARMO E. , DE GENNARO G. , MONTINARO C. , FILIPPELLI W. , MONTANARO C. S. , MARFELLA A. , LARIZZA D.
Published: May 2016

Metho xyhydroxy‐benzoesäureamid (I) reagiert mit Epichlorhydrin (H) zum Chlorhydrin (III) bzw. zum Epoxid (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: REDUCTION OF 4,7‐DIPHENYL‐1,2,5‐THIA(OXA)DIAZOLO(3,4‐C)PYRIDINES AFFORDING 2,5‐DIPHENYL‐3,4‐DIAMINOPYRIDINES AND RING CLOSURE OF THE DIAMINES TO FLUORESCENT AZAHETEROCYCLES
Authors: MATAKA S. , TAKAHASHI K. , IMURA T. , TASHIRO M.
Published: May 2016

Bei der Reduktion der Thiudiazole (I), (III), (V) oder (VIIa) und (VIIC) entstehen die entsprechenden o‐Phenylendiamine (II).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME NEW 4‐YLIDENETETRONIC ACID DERIVATIVES
Authors: RAO G. V. , RAO P. S.
Published: May 2016

Das Bis‐lacton (I) wird von den Aminosäuren (II) zu den Amidohydroxylactonen (III) ringgeöffnet, die mit Ethanol (IV) die Ethoxylactone (V) liefern.
ChemInform Abstract: ONE‐POT SYNTHESIS OF Γ‐BUTYROLACTONES AND 4,5‐DIHYDROFURANS FROM α‐CHLORO α‐OXO SULFIDES AND OLEFINS
Authors: WADA M. , SHIGEHISA T. , KITANI H. , AKIBA K.
Published: May 2016

Arylthio‐chloressigsäureethylester (I) werden mit Olefinen (ll‐) bzw. (V) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF SUBSTITUTED 4‐(METHOXYPHENYL)‐3,4‐DIHYDROCOUMARINS
Authors: CHENAULT J. , DUPIN J‐F. E.
Published: May 2016

Während 2‐ und 4‐Methoxyzimtsäure (I) mit den Dimethylphenolen (II) in Polyphosphorsäure zu Metlioxyphenylß,4‐dihydrocumarinen (III) reagieren, entstehen aus 3‐Methoxyzimt‐ Säure (IV) neben Dihydrocumarinen (V) durch Friessche Verschiebung und (Tyclisierung eines Hydroxychalkons auch Flavanone (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS, IR SPECTRUM AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF α,α′‐DIPYRIDYLBIS(IODINEAZIDE)
Authors: DOERNER H. + , DEHNICKE K. , MASSA W. , SCHMIDT R.
Published: May 2016

Die Titelverbindung (I) wurde durch Reaktion von 2,2′‐Dipyridyl mit lodazid in CH2Cl2 in quantitativer Ausb. erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF 2,1‐BENZISOTHIAZOLES WITH ACETYLENIC ESTERS
Authors: BRYCE M. R. , ACHESON R. M. , REES A. J.
Published: May 2016

Die Benzoisothiazole (Ia) und (Ib) reagieren mit Acetylendicarbonsäureestern (II) unter Bildung von Chinolindicarbonsäureestern (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF CERTAIN ACRIDINE DERIVATIVES STRUCTURALLY RELATED TO SOME CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS
Authors: EL‐SHERIEF H. A. H. , ABDEL‐RAHMAN A. E. , MAHMOUD A. M.
Published: May 2016

Das mit SOCI: aus Acridon (I) zugängliche Chloracridin (II) reagiert mit dem aus (I) mit P355 erhaltenen Mercaptoacridin (III) zum Acridinyl‐sulfid (IV), mit den Mercaptoazolen (V) zu den Azolylacrid inyl‐sulfiden (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐DIPOLAR ADDITION OF 2‐BENZONITRILIO‐2‐PROPANIDE TO 7‐METHYLTHIENO(2,3‐C)PYRIDINE 1,1‐DIOXIDE AND SUBSEQUENT REACTIONS
Authors: FISCHER U. , SCHNEIDER F.
Published: May 2016

Durch Reaktion des Thienopyridins (I) mit dem Aziridin (II) entsteht hauptsächlich die Verbindung (III) zusammen mit dem Regioisomeren (IV) als Nebenprodukt.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW ROUTE TO THE SYNTHESIS OF 2‐AMINO‐6‐(METHOXYCARBONYL)AMINO‐4‐(TETRAHYDROPYRIDYL)PYRIMIDINE 1‐OXIDE
Authors: MULLER J.‐C. , RAMUZ H. , WAGNER H.‐P.
Published: May 2016

Ausgehend von Ethylcyanacetat wird mit l‐lCl/Ethanol das Aminoacrylat (I) erhalten, dessen Umsetzung mit Chlorformiat in überschüssigem N‐Methyl‐morpholin (NMM) zum Carbamat (II) und seinem Amintautomer führt.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF SUBSTITUTED 5‐PYRIMIDINECARBONITRILES AND 1,3,5‐TRIAZINES FROM ALKYL N‐CYANOIMIDATES
Authors: PEREZ M. A. , SOTO J. L.
Published: May 2016

Die (Tyanimidate (I) reagieren mit Malonodinitril (II), Cyanessigester (IV) und Cyanamid (VIII) in Gegenwart von Natriummethylat zu Aminopyrimidiqen (III), Pyrimidonen (VII) und Aminotriazinen (X).
ChemInform Abstract: TETRAMETHOPRIM AND PENTAMETHOPRIM: SYNTHESIS, ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES AND X‐RAY STRUCTURES
Authors: BROSSI A. , SHARMA P. N. , TAKAHASHI K. , CHIANG J. F. , KARLE I. L. , SEIBERT G.
Published: May 2016

Aus den Aldehyden (Ia) und (Ib) entstehen durch Reaktion mit dem Nitril (II) die Propionitrile ‐(III), aus denen man nach Umsetzung mit Guanidinhydrochlorid (IV) die Titelverbindungen (Va) (RG: P21/n; Z=4) und (Vb) (RG: Pi; Z=2) erhält.
ChemInform Abstract: PIPERAZINO‐FUNCTIONALIZED SILICA GEL AS A DEBLOCKING‐SCAVENGING AGENT FOR THE 9‐FLUORENYLMETHYLOXYCARBONYL AMINO‐PROTECTING GROUP
Authors: CARPINO L. A. , MANSOUR E. M. E. , KNAPCZYK J.
Published: May 2016

3‐(′hlor‐propyl‐trimethoxysilan (I) reagiert mit Piperazin (III zu einem Substitutionsprodukt (III ), das an Kieselsäure zu (IV) fixiert werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: A STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF 3‐ALKYL‐6‐METHOXY‐2,5‐PIPERAZINEDIONE DERIVATIVES
Authors: SHIN C.‐G. , YONEZAWA Y. , SATO Y. , NAKANO T. , YOSHIMURA J.
Published: May 2016

Das durch Cyclisierung des Dipeptids (I) mit Chlorwasserstoff gebildete Piperazindion (II) wird nach Acetylierung mit den Aldehyden (IV) kondensiert.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthese von 11,20‐Dioxo‐4,7,l4,17‐tetrathia‐1,10‐bis(2‐carbomethoxyethy)‐1,10‐ diazacycloeicosan.
Authors: VORONKOV M. G. , KNUTOV V. I. , BUTIN M. K.
Published: May 2016

Die Synthese der Titelverbindung (VII) wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: HYDROBORATION. 64. EFFECT OF STRUCTURE ON THE RELATIVE REACTIVITY OF REPRESENTATIVE ALKENES AND ALKYNES TOWARD HYDROBORATION BY DIBROMOBORANE‐METHYL SULFIDE
Authors: BROWN H. C. , CHANDRASEKHARAN J.
Published: May 2016

Die Ergebnisse einer Reihenuntersuchung der relativen Reaktivitäten und Regioselektivitäten für die Hydroborierung von 22 Alkenen und 5 Alkinen mit (I) sind in einer ′l"abelle zusammengestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: FLUORIDE‐CATALYZED REACTION OF SILYLACETYLENES WITH CARBONYL COMPOUNDS
Authors: KUWAJIMA I. , NAKAMURA E. , HASHIMOTO K.
Published: May 2016

Die Ketone (I) addieren Phenylethinyl‐trimethylsilan in Gegenwart von F′ unter Bildung der Silylether (II).
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOFLUOROSILICATES IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. PART 17. OXIDATIVE CLEAVAGE OF SILICON‐CARBON BONDS IN ORGANOSILICON FLUORIDES TO ALCOHOLS
Authors: TAMAO K. , KAKUI T. , AKITA M. , IWAHARA T. , KANATANI R. , YOSHIDA J. , KUMADA M.
Published: May 2016

m‐Chlor‐perbenzoesäure spaltet die Si‐C‐Bindungen von Alkylpentafluorosilicaten bzw. Organosiliciumfluoriden, 118 wie den Verbindungen (II), (IV), (VI) und (VIII), unter Bildung von Alkoholen, wobei die Reaktivität im Sinne (IV) (II) 2 (V I) (V IID abnimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐PROPARGYLAMINOPHOSPHINES. A NEW REARRANGEMENT OF PROPARGYLHETEROATOM SUBSTITUTED TRIVALENT PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS
Authors: ANGELOV C. M. , DAHL O.
Published: May 2016

Aus den P‐(′hloriden (1) erhält man mit N‐Methyl‐propargylamin (II) in Gegenwart von Triethylamin die Kondensationsprodukte (111), die mit Schwefel zu den Sulfiden (IV) führen.
ChemInform Abstract: ADDITION OF AMINE NUCLEOPHILES TO DIPHOSPHORYLALKYNES. THE CHEMISTRY OF THE DERIVED ENAMINES
Authors: WHITESELL M. A. , KYBA E. P.
Published: May 2016

AcetyIen‐I ,lbis‐phosphonsäureester (I) reagiert mit Aminen (II) zu Addukten (III) bzw. (IV) und (V).
ChemInform Abstract: 12H‐DIBENZO(D,G)(1,3,2)DIOXAPHOSPHOCINS: SYNTHESIS AND EVIDENCE FOR LONG‐RANGE COUPLING TO PHOSPHORUS
Authors: ODORISIO P. A. , PASTOR S. D. , SPIVACK J. D. , STEINHUEBEL L. , RODEBAUGH R. K.
Published: May 2016

PCl3 cyclisiert die Hydroxydiphenylmethane (I) zu den Dibenzodioxaphosphocinen (II), die mit den Alkoholen (III) die Phosphite (IV) lie‐ "fern.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF AROMATIC AND HETEROCYCLIC TELLURIUM COMPOUNDS. XXII. NEW SYNTHESIS OF DIARYLTELLURIUM DICHLORIDES
Authors: SADEKOV I. D. , MAKSIMENKO A. A. , RIVKIN B. B.
Published: May 2016

Teilweise in Anlehnung an Literaturverfahren, die weiterentwickelt werden,‐werden Synthesen der asymm. und der symm. Diaryltellurdihalogenide (III) sowie der asymm. Arylidenaryltellurdichloride (VI) angegeben, die auf der Umsetzung der Telluride (I) bzw. (V) mit den Aryldiazoniumverbindungen (II) in Gegenwart von Kupfersalzen beruhen.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND CHEMISTRY OF PENTACARBONYLNITROSYLVANADIUM, V(CO)5NO, A REMARKABLY REACTIVE RELATIVE OF HEXACARBONYLCHROMIUM
Authors: FJARE K. L. , ELLIS J. E.
Published: May 2016

Die Reaktion äquimolarer Mengen von (I) und (II) liefert (III), das flüchtig und thermisch instabil ist und bei ‐30 bis 0°C leicht mit einer Reihe von Lewis‐Basen unter Bildung der Komplexe (IV)‐(IX) reagiert.
ChemInform Abstract: Die Komplexbildung von Dehydro‐β‐ionon. Ein ungewöhnlicher Eisencarbonyl‐Komplex. Ein einfaches Verfahren zur Eliminierung der Liganden aus ihren Eisencarbonyl‐Komplexen.
Authors: FRANCK‐NEUMANN M. , HEITZ M. P. , MARTINA D. , DE CIAN A.
Published: May 2016

β‐Ionon (I) liefert die Eisen‐carbonyl‐Komplexe (II)‐(IV).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS, MOLECULAR STRUCTURE AND CHEMISTRY OF P‐(COIII(TREN)(2‐(DIHYDROXYMETHYL)GLYCINATO))ZNCL4.2H2O
Authors: JACKSON W. G. , MCLAUGHLIN G. M. , SARGESON A. M. , WATSON A. D.
Published: May 2016

Die Hydrolyse des früher aus dem entsprechenden Glycinato‐Komplex mit POCl3 /DMF erlangten Vilsmeier‐Adduktes (I) liefert den rac. Glycinaldehydkomplex, der im festen Zustand als (II) erhalten wird und in wäßriger Lösung als freier Aldehydkomplex (III) existiert.
ChemInform Abstract: METAL COMPLEXES WITH MACROCYCLIC LIGANDS. XVII. SYNTHESIS OF TWO KEY INTERMEDIATES FOR THE PREPARATION OF MONO‐N‐FUNCTIONALIZED TETRAAZAMACROCYCLES AND THEIR METAL COMPLEXES
Authors: HEDIGER M. , KADEN T. A.
Published: May 2016

Unter Abwandlung einer bereits beschriebenen Cyclisierungsmethode wurden die Makrocyclen (IIIa) bzw. (VIa) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF MIXED‐METAL BIMETALLIC COMPLEXES CONTAINING PENTACYANOFERRATE(II) OR PENTAAMMINERUTHENIUM(II) METAL CENTERS. EVIDENCE FOR SOME INTRAMOLECULAR ENERGY‐TRANSFER REACTIONS
Authors: MOORE K. J. , LEE L. , FIGARD J. E. , GELROTH J. A. , STINSON A. J. , WOHLERS H. D. , PETERSEN J. D.
Published: May 2016

Bestrahlung der Komplexe (I), die hochgradig absorbierende Metall‐zu‐Ligandiadungsübertragungs‐Banden im sichtbaren Spektralbereich zeigen, führt im allgemeinen zur Spaltung der M′‐L‐ oder L‐Mz‐Bindung.
ChemInform Abstract: OPTICALLY ACTIVE C5‐SYNTHONS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF NATURALLY OCCURRING TERPENES
Authors: DUMONT R. , PFANDER H.
Published: May 2016

Beschrieben wird die Synthese des S‐konfigurierten tert. Alkohols (III) aus L‐Serin (I) und dessen weitere Überführung in die optisch aktiven Synthone (VIII)‐(Xl).
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (‐)‐α‐ACORADIENE AND (‐)‐α‐CEDRENE
Authors: SOLAS D. , WOLINSKY J.
Published: May 2016

Das aus (I) erhaltene cis,cis,trans‐Puleganolid (II) wird nach Metallierung zu (IV) substituiert und dann über diskutierte Zwischenstufen in (‐)‐a‐Acoradien (VII) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS USING IMMOBILIZED ENZYMES. II. IMMOBILIZED TRYPSIN, THERMOLYSIN AND PAPAIN
Authors: KOENNECKE A. + , HAENSLER M. + , SCHELLENBERGER V. , JAKUBKE H.‐D.
Published: May 2016

Durch Auftragen der Enzyme Trypsin, Thermolysin bzw. Papain auf die Trägermaterialien Kieselgel, Enzacryl AA bzw.‐ Enzacryl Al‐Iwerden die entsprechenden immobilisierten Enzymsysteme erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF PROTECTED PEPTIDE SEGMENTS AND THEIR ASSEMBLY ON A POLYMER‐BOUND OXIME: APPLICATION TO THE SYNTHESIS OF A PEPTIDE MODEL FOR PLASMA APOLIPOPROTEIN A‐I
Authors: NAKAGAWA S. H. , KAISER E. T.
Published: May 2016

Polymer fixierte Benzophenonderivate (I) werden in (′iegenwart von I)(′(.′ zu den Oligopeptiilen (III) bzw. (IV) kondensiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF A TRIPROTECTED DL‐β‐CARBOXYASPARTIC ACID (ASA) DERIVATIVE SUITABLE FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF ASA‐CONTAINING PEPTIDES
Authors: RICH D. H. , DHAON M. K.
Published: May 2016

Die Malonsäureester (Ia) und (Ib) reagieren über die entsprechenden Na‐Salze mit dem Chloraminosäurederivat (II) zu den Verbindungen (III); der tert.‐Butylester (IIIc) wird über das lmin (IV) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF METHYL β‐ORCINOLCARBOXYLATE (METHYL 2,4‐DIHYDROXY‐3,6‐DIMETHYLBENZOATE)
Authors: BREHM L. , STOECKLI‐EVANS H. , TABACCHI R. , BUERGI H.‐B. +
Published: May 2016

Nach der Isolierung aus Evernia prunastic L. Ach.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF STEREOISOMERIC PINANTHROMBOXANE DERIVATIVES AND EVALUATION OF THE COMPOUNDS AS PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
Authors: BOUNAMEAUX Y. , COFFEY J. W. , O'DONNELL M. , KLING K. , QUINN R. J. , SCHOENHOLZER P. + , SZENTE A. , TOBIAS L. D. , TSCHOPP T. , WELTON A. F. , FISCHLI A.
Published: May 2016

Ausgehend von (‐)‐Myrtenol (I) und dem Orthoester (II) werden über die Stufe des Esters (+)‐(III) die Carbonsäure (+)‐(IV) [ ‐+ Lacton (‐)‐(V)] bzw. das Lacton (‐)‐(VI) synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF (Z,Z)‐11,13‐HEXADECADIENAL, A PRINCIPAL COMPONENT OF NAVEL ORANGEWORM (PAMYELOIS TRANSITELLA) PHEROMONE
Authors: BISHOP C. E. , MORROW G. W.
Published: May 2016

Es wird ein kommerziell anwendbarer ′Syntheseweg für das (Z,Z)‐l l ,l 3‐Hexadecadienal (IX), das mit dem im Titel genannten Pheromon identisch ist, beschrieben.
Preparation of dialdehyde cellulose nanocrystal as an adsorbent for creatinine
Authors: Huang Rijin , Liu Zehua , Sun Bo , Fatehi Pedram
Published: May 2016

In this work, dialdehyde cellulose nanocrystals (DCNCs) were prepared via oxidizing cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with sodium periodate. The changes in the morphology of CNCs were evaluated by means of Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The product (DCNC) was used as an adsorbent for creatinine. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of DCNCs increased with the increase in its aldehyde content. With a decrease in the size of DCNCs, the adsorption of creatinine on DCNCs became faster. The results revealed that the adsorption isotherm of DCNCs agreed with the Freundlich adsorption model and the adsorption process followed a second‐order kinetic model. Overall, the maximum adsorption of creatinine on DCNCs (with 4.41 mmol/g aldehyde content) was 1.50 mg/g, which was obtained under the adsorption conditions of 100 mg/L initial creatinine concentration, 8 h treatment time, and pH 7. The results suggest that the DCNCs may have potential to be used as an adsorbent for creatinine to treat chronic renal failure.
Single‐Dose Pharmacokinetic Study of Tramadol Extended‐Release Tablets in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Vandenbossche Joris , Van Peer Achiel , Richards Henry
Published: May 2016

Combined analyses from 2 open‐label, phase‐1 studies—the pharmacokinetic profile of tramadol and its metabolite (M1) following a single oral dose of tramadol extended release (ER) (25 to 100 mg) in children (7 to 11 years old; study 1: n = 37) and adolescents (12 to 17 years old; study 2: n = 38) with painful conditions—were historically compared with that of healthy adults following similar dosing. The dose‐normalized area under the curve (DN AUC0‐24h) and maximum concentration (DN Cmax) of tramadol and of M1 in children and in adolescents were lower than those in adults (children vs adults: tramadol, DN AUC0‐24h 82.19%; DN Cmax 80.38%, P = .0031; M1, DN AUC0‐24h 51.19%, DN Cmax 52.68%, P < .0001; adolescents vs adults: tramadol, DN AUC0‐24h 89.56%, DN Cmax 84.01%; M1, DN AUC0‐24h 85.28%, DN Cmax 83.03%, P = .0004). The arithmetic mean terminal elimination t1/2 of tramadol in children and adolescents was comparable to that in adults (children 8.4 hours; adolescents 8.5 hours; adults 7.9 hours). The most frequently reported (≥5% of participants) treatment‐emergent adverse events in children included headache, upper abdominal pain and constipation, and in adolescents were headache, nausea, dizziness, and stomach discomfort. Multiple factors may have contributed to these observations, including a higher proportion of children (56%) who may have a lower activity of CYP2D6, resulting in reduced clearance of tramadol.
Confirmation of Biosimilarity in a Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Study in Healthy Volunteers for an Analytically Highly Similar Pegfilgrastim
Authors: Desai Kalpna , Catalano Tina , Rai Gurinder , Misra Priya , Shah Nirmesh
Published: May 2016

A phase 1 pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) study was conducted to demonstrate similarity of a proposed pegfilgrastim biosimilar to its reference product. In a single‐dose, randomized, assessor‐blinded, 2‐way crossover, active‐controlled PK/PD study, 66 healthy adults received the proposed pegfilgrastim biosimilar and US‐licensed pegfilgrastim reference product. Primary end points were pegfilgrastim AUCt and Cmax (PK), and absolute neutrophil count AUECt and Emax (PD). Safety and immunogenicity were also measured. Fifty‐six subjects completed both arms of the study. Mean pegfilgrastim concentration–time profile for both products was similar, with the 90% confidence intervals (CI) of the relative mean ratio for the primary end points falling within the predefined acceptance criteria of 80%–125% (91.7%–116.1% and 86.7%–110.2% for AUCt and Cmax, respectively). PD similarity was also demonstrated by the 95%CI of the relative mean ratio of the primary end point parameters within the predefined acceptance margins of 80%–125% (96.0%–101.6% and 92.6%–100.1% for AUECt and Emax, respectively). No statistically meaningful PK/PD differences were observed. No clinically meaningful safety or immunological differences were observed with the proposed pegfilgrastim biosimilar that were not previously identified with the reference product. The proposed pegfilgrastim biosimilar product is highly similar to the reference product with regard to PK/PD.
Facile Uptake and Release of Ammonia by Nickel Halide Ammines
Authors: Breternitz Joachim , Vilk Yury E. , Giraud Elsa , Reardon Hazel , Hoang Tuan K. A. , Godula‐Jopek Agata , Gregory Duncan H.
Published: May 2016

Although major difficulties are experienced for hydrogen‐ storage materials to meet performance requirements for mobile applications, alternative fuel cell feedstocks such as ammonia can be stored in the solid state safely at high capacity. We herein describe the NiX2‐NH3 (X=Cl, Br, I) systems and demonstrate their exceptional suitability for NH3 storage (up to 43 wt % NH3 with desorption that begins at 400 K). The structural effects that result from the uptake of NH3 were studied by powder X‐ray diffraction (PXD), FTIR spectroscopy and SEM. NH3 release at elevated temperatures was followed by in situ PXD. The cycling capabilities and air stability of the systems were also explored. NH3 is released from the hexaammines in a three‐step process to yield the diammine, monoammine and NiX2 dihalides respectively and (re)ammoniation occurs readily at room temperature. The hexaammines do not react with air after several hours of exposure.
Nonrandom filtering effect on birds: species and guilds response to urbanization
Authors: Silva Carmen Paz , Sepúlveda Roger D. , Barbosa Olga
Published: May 2016

Using bird survey data taken in three cities in Southern Chile, we evaluated the hypothesis that changes in community composition from periurban to urban areas are not random. Furthermore, the consistency of species and guild loss was assessed across cities. A consistent pattern of difference in community and guild structure between urban and periurban habitats was found. In addition, a nonrandom loss of species was found in urban areas compared to periurban areas, and non‐native species dominated urban communities in all cities. The average abundance of omnivores, granivores, and habitat generalists was higher in urban areas, while insectivores and open habitat species were more abundant in periurban areas. These results strongly suggest that urban habitats act as filters offering suitable conditions for only a fraction of the bird species present in a given area, and the lack of suitable conditions may be facilitating local biotic homogenization in the three studied cities. The results of this study not only fill a biogeographical knowledge gap, but the work presented here also aids the general understanding of factors that affect community structure in habitats with varied levels of local and global urbanization.
Efferocytosis as a regulator of macrophage chemokine receptor expression and polarization
Authors: Angsana Julianty , Chen Jiaxuan , Liu Liying , Haller Carolyn A. , Chaikof Elliot L.
Published: May 2016

Efferocytosis has been suggested to promote macrophage resolution programs that are dependent on motility and emigration, however, few studies have addressed directed migration in resolving macrophages. In this report, we hypothesized that efferocytosis would induce differential chemokine receptor expression. Polarized macrophage populations, including macrophages actively engaged in efferocytosis, were characterized by PCR array and traditional transwell motility assays. We identified specific up‐regulation of chemokine receptor CXCR4 on both mouse and human macrophages and characterized in vivo expression of CXCR4 in a resolving model of murine peritonitis. Using adoptive transfer and AMD3100 blocking, we confirmed a role for CXCR4 in macrophage egress to draining lymphatics. Collectively these data provide an important mechanistic link between efferocytosis and macrophage emigration.
Investigation of particle lateral migration in sample‐sheath flow of viscoelastic fluid and Newtonian fluid
Authors: Yuan Dan , Zhang Jun , Yan Sheng , Peng Gangrou , Zhao Qianbin , Alici Gursel , Du Hejun , Li Weihua
Published: May 2016

In this work, particle lateral migration in sample‐sheath flow of viscoelastic fluid and Newtonian fluid was experimentally investigated. The 4.8‐μm micro‐particles were dispersed in a polyethylene oxide (PEO) viscoelastic solution, and then the solution was injected into a straight rectangular channel with a deionised (DI) water Newtonian sheath flow. Micro‐particles suspended in PEO solution migrated laterally to a DI water stream, but migration in the opposite direction from a DI water stream to a PEO solution stream or from one DI water stream to another DI water stream could not be achieved. The lateral migration of particles depends on the viscoelastic properties of the sample fluids. Furthermore, the effects of channel length, flow rate, and PEO concentration were studied. By using viscoelastic sample flow and Newtonian sheath flow, a selective particle lateral migration can be achieved in a simple straight channel, without any external force fields. This particle lateral migration technique could be potentially used in solution exchange fields such as automated cell staining and washing in microfluidic platforms, and holds numerous biomedical applications.
Ethanol and value‐added byproducts from rice straw by dimorphic fungus Mucor hiemalis
Authors: Beheshti Hamidreza , Karimi Keikhosro
Published: May 2016

Different morphologies of Mucor hiemalis were induced and used for the production of ethanol and biomass from rice straw through a separate hydrolysis and fermentation process. The yield of enzymatic hydrolysis was improved from 40.4% for the untreated straw to 80–93% by employing sodium hydroxide and concentrated phosphoric acid pretreatments with or without ultrasonication. The best hydrolysis performance was achieved after pretreatment by sodium hydroxide assisted with ultrasonication. The ethanol yields from the hydrolysates were 0.39–0.44 g/g depending on the pretreatment method and the fungus morphology. The yeast‐like form of the fungus showed faster glucose assimilation and slightly higher ethanol yield compared to the other morphologies. The biomass yield of mostly yeast‐like cells was more than the other morphologies (0.202–0.282 g/g glucose). Moreover, the biomass of the yeast‐like cells had more protein content (46.7–52.4 %) compared to filamentous cells (37.7–46.3 %). The cell wall, alkali‐insoluble material (AIM) of the biomass, represented 16.3–20.1% of the biomass. On average, total chitin‐chitosan content of AIM of the biomass of purely filamentous, mostly filamentous, mostly yeast‐like, and purely yeast‐like forms of the fungus was 0.460, 0.373, 0.330, and 0.336 g/g AIM of the biomass, respectively.
A study on fire behaviour of combustible components of two commonly used photovoltaic panels
Authors: Chow C. L. , Han S. S. , Ni X. M.
Published: May 2016

Photovoltaic (PV) modules are installed in some modern buildings for generating renewable energy. When a building catches fire, burning PV panels can contribute to an already very hazardous environment. Two common polycrystalline silicon PV samples A and B were selected with their chemical composition analysed by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with justification by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results. Sample A was confirmed to be a silicate product with polyurethane adhesive, and sample B has epoxy resin and is likely to have flame retardant as claimed. Thermal analysis by heating the samples was carried out using thermogravimetric analysis and thermogravimetric analysis coupled with infrared spectroscopy. The fire behaviour was then studied by a cone calorimeter under radiative heat fluxes from 10 to 70 kWm−2. Three key parameters representing flashover propensity, total heat release per unit area and smoke toxicity hazard were obtained from the cone calorimeter tests for ranking the thermal and smoke hazards. The thermal hazards of both PV samples are low, at least during the early stage of a fire without flame acting directly on the sample. However, vast quantities of smoke were emitted from burning PV panels under high heat fluxes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A higher resolution edge‐based finite volume method for the simulation of the oil–water displacement in heterogeneous and anisotropic porous media using a modified IMPES method
Authors: da Silva Rogério Soares , Lyra Paulo Roberto Maciel , Willmersdorf Ramiro Brito , de Carvalho Darlan Karlo Elisiário
Published: May 2016

In this article, we present a higher‐order finite volume method with a ‘Modified Implicit Pressure Explicit Saturation’ (MIMPES) formulation to model the 2D incompressible and immiscible two‐phase flow of oil and water in heterogeneous and anisotropic porous media. We used a median‐dual vertex‐centered finite volume method with an edge‐based data structure to discretize both, the elliptic pressure and the hyperbolic saturation equations. In the classical IMPES approach, first, the pressure equation is solved implicitly from an initial saturation distribution; then, the velocity field is computed explicitly from the pressure field, and finally, the saturation equation is solved explicitly. This saturation field is then used to re‐compute the pressure field, and the process follows until the end of the simulation is reached. Because of the explicit solution of the saturation equation, severe time restrictions are imposed on the simulation. In order to circumvent this problem, an edge‐based implementation of the MIMPES method of Hurtado and co‐workers was developed. In the MIMPES approach, the pressure equation is solved, and the velocity field is computed less frequently than the saturation field, using the fact that, usually, the velocity field varies slowly throughout the simulation. The solution of the pressure equation is performed using a modification of Crumpton's two‐step approach, which was designed to handle material discontinuity properly. The saturation equation is solved explicitly using an edge‐based implementation of a modified second‐order monotonic upstream scheme for conservation laws type method. Some examples are presented in order to validate the proposed formulation. Our results match quite well with others found in literature. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attack and Resistance
Authors: Marchfelder Anita
Published: May 2016

CRISPR‐Cas, identified as the defensive system used by single‐celled organisms against viruses, is now being used as a genetic cutting tool. But how does this immune system, with its astonishing capacity to learn, actually work? A group of researchers is seeking to understand the fundamental mechanisms involved.
In the Wake of the Great
Authors: Grube Nikolai , Delvendahl Kai
Published: May 2016

When the Maya city of Uxul, a small kingdom in the rainforest, came under the rule of the powerful Kaan dynasty, it was the beginning of a blossoming that was later followed by their joint downfall. A team of German and Mexican archaeologists are excavating new evidence of this story of political power and the history of a city.
Discharge‐sediment processes of the Zhadang glacier on the Tibetan Plateau measured with a high frequency data acquisition system
Authors: Chen Fei , Cai Qiangguo , Sun Liying , Lei Tingwu
Published: May 2016

In high elevation cold regions of the Tibetan Plateau, suspended sediment transfer from glacier meltwater erosion is one of the important hydrological components. The Zhadang glacier is a typical valley‐type glacier in the Nyainqentanglha Mountains on the Tibetan Plateau. To make frequent and long period records of meltwater runoff and sediment processes in the very high elevation and isolated regions, an automatic system was installed near the glacier snout (5400 m a.s.l) in August 2013, to measure the transient discharge and sediment processes at 5‐min interval, which is shorter than the time span for the water flow to traverse the catchment from the farthest end to the watershed outlet. Diurnal variations of discharge, and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) were recorded at high frequency for the Zhadang glacier, before suspended sediment load (SSL) was computed. Hourly SSC varied from the range of 0.2 kg/m3to 0.5 kg/m3(at 8:00–9:00) to the range of 2.0 kg/m3to 4.0 kg/m3(at 17:00–18:00). The daily SSL was 32.24 t during the intense ablation period. Hourly SSC was linearly correlated with discharge (r = 0.885**,n = 18,p < 0.01). A digit‐eight hysteresis loop was observed for the sediment transport in the glacier area. Air temperature fluctuations influence discharge, and then result in the sediment variations. The results of this study provide insight into the responses of suspended sediment delivery processes with a high frequency data in the high elevation cold regions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interaction of acid ceramidase inhibitor LCL521 with tumor response to photodynamic therapy and photodynamic therapy‐generated vaccine
Authors: Korbelik Mladen , Banáth Judit , Zhang Wei , Saw Kyi Min , Szulc Zdzislaw M. , Bielawska Alicja , Separovic Duska
Published: May 2016

Acid ceramidase has been identified as a promising target for cancer therapy. One of its most effective inhibitors, LCL521, was examined as adjuvant to photodynamic therapy (PDT) using mouse squamous cell carcinoma SCCVII model of head and neck cancer. Lethal effects of PDT, assessed by colony forming ability of in vitro treated SCCVII cells, were greatly enhanced when combined with 10 µM LCL521 treatment particularly when preceding PDT. When PDT‐treated SCCVII cells are used to vaccinate SCCVII tumor‐bearing mice (PDT vaccine protocol), adjuvant LCL521 treatment (75 mg/kg) resulted in a marked retardation of tumor growth. This effect can be attributed to the capacity of LCL521 to effectively restrict the activity of two main immunoregulatory cell populations (Tregs and myeloid‐derived suppressor cells, MDSCs) that are known to hinder the efficacy of PDT vaccines. The therapeutic benefit with adjuvant LCL521 was also achieved with SCCVII tumors treated with standard PDT when using immunocompetent mice but not with immunodeficient hosts. The interaction of LCL521 with PDT‐based antitumor mechanisms is dominated by immune system contribution that includes overriding the effects of immunoregulatory cells, but could also include a tacit contribution from boosting direct tumor cell kill.
Nϵ‐Carboxymethyllysine Increases the Expression of miR‐103/143 and Enhances Lipid Accumulation in 3T3‐L1 Cells
Authors: Holik Ann‐Katrin , Lieder Barbara , Kretschy Nicole , Somoza Mark M. , Held Sandra , Somoza Veronika
Published: May 2016

Advanced glycation endproducts, formed in vivo, but also by the Maillard reaction upon thermal treatment of foods, have been associated with the progression of pathological conditions such as diabetes mellitus. In addition to the accumulation with age, exogenous AGEs are introduced into the circulation from dietary sources. In this study, we investigated the effects of addition of free Nϵ‐carboxymethyllysine (CML), a well‐characterized product of the Maillard reaction, on adipogenesis in 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes. Treatment with 5, 50, or 500 μM CML resulted in increased lipid accumulation to similar extents, by 11.5 ± 12.6%, 12.9 ± 8.6%, and 12.8 ± 8.5%, respectively. Long‐term treatment with 500 μM CML during adipogenesis resulted in increases in miR‐103 and miR‐143 levels, two miRNAs described to be involved in impaired glucose homeostasis and increased lipid accumulation. Furthermore, the expression of genes associated with these miRNAs, consisting of Akt1, PI3k, and Cav1 was regulated by CML. Short‐term treatment of mature 3T3‐L1 adipocytes with CML resulted in decreased basal glucose uptake. These results, indicate that the addition of protein‐free CML to 3T3‐L1 cells influence parameters associated with adipogenesis and glucose homeostasis at transcriptional, and functional level; this indicates that free CML derived from exogenous sources, in addition to protein‐bound CML may be relevant in this context. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2413–2422, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Methodological aspects of QM/MM calculations: A case study on matrix metalloproteinase‐2
Authors: Vasilevskaya Tatiana , Khrenova Maria G. , Nemukhin Alexander V. , Thiel Walter
Published: May 2016

We address methodological issues in quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations on a zinc‐dependent enzyme. We focus on the first stage of peptide bond cleavage by matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2), that is, the nucleophilic attack of the zinc‐coordinating water molecule on the carbonyl carbon atom of the scissile fragment of the substrate. This step is accompanied by significant charge redistribution around the zinc cation, bond cleavage, and bond formation. We vary the size and initial geometry of the model system as well as the computational protocol to demonstrate the influence of these choices on the results obtained. We present QM/MM potential energy profiles for a set of snapshots randomly selected from QM/MM‐based molecular dynamics simulations and analyze the differences in the computed profiles in structural terms. Since the substrate in MMP‐2 is located on the protein surface, we investigate the influence of the thickness of the water layer around the enzyme on the QM/MM energy profile. Thin water layers (0–2 Å) give unrealistic results because of structural reorganizations in the active‐site region at the protein surface. A 12 Å water layer appears to be sufficient to capture the effect of the solvent; the corresponding QM/MM energy profile is very close to that obtained from QM/MM/SMBP calculations using the solvent macromolecular boundary potential (SMBP). We apply the optimized computational protocol to explain the origin of the different catalytic activity of the Glu116Asp mutant: the energy barrier for the first step is higher, which is rationalized on structural grounds. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prototype of Multiplex Bead Assay for Quantification of Three Serum Biomarkers for In Vitro Diagnosis of Endometriosis
Authors: Signorile Pietro Giulio , Baldi Alfonso
Published: May 2016

Endometriosis is a very common disease, affecting 10% of women in the reproductive age. To date, a significant delay between onset of the symptoms and definitive diagnosis is caused by the lack of a reliable non‐invasive diagnostic test. Recently, the potential value as diagnostic markers for endometriosis of three proteins (Zn‐alpha2‐glycoprotein, serum albumin, and complement C3 precursor), has been showed. In this article, we have defined the experimental conditions for the development of a multiplex bead array assay for rapid and simultaneous quantification of these three biomarkers in the serum of patients with endometriosis. Finally, pivotal experiments on a small cohort of patients have confirmed the diagnostic value of this assay. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2622–2627, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.