bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Absolute adsorption and adsorbed volume modeling for supercritical methane adsorption on shale
Authors: Hu Ke , Mischo Helmut
Published: March 2022

Adsorbed methane significantly affects shale gas reservoir estimates and shale gas transport in shale formations. Hence, a practical model for accurately representing methane adsorption behavior at high-pressure and high-temperature in shale is imperative. In this study, a reliable mathematical framework that estimates the absolute adsorption directly from low-pressure excess adsorption data is applied to describe the excess methane adsorption data in literature. This method provides detailed information on the volume and density of adsorbed methane. The obtained results indicate that the extensively used supercritical Dubinin-Radushkevich model with constant adsorbed phase density underestimates absolute adsorption at high pressure. The adsorbed methane volume increases both the pressure and expands with the temperature. The adsorbed methane density reduces above 10 MPa, and approaches a steady value at high pressure. This study provides a novel method for estimating adsorbed shale gas, which is expected improve the prediction of shale gas in place and gas production.
Economic outcomes of rubber-based agroforestry systems: a systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Huang Iona Y. , James Katy , Thamthanakoon Nithicha , Pinitjitsamut Pim , Rattanamanee Nararat , Pinitjitsamut Montchai , Yamklin Sophon , Lowenberg-DeBoer James
Published: March 2022

A systematic review was conducted to examine expected economic outcomes of rubber-based agroforestry systems during mature rubber stage in comparison with monoculture rubber farming. Twelve studies were identified for a narrative synthesis of economic outcomes of the mature rubber production systems. The review found that whilst monoculture rubber production may produce higher income in some cases, particularly when rubber prices are high, profitable diversified rubber agroforestry systems were reported in all but one study. Rubber agroforestry has the potential to reduce the vulnerability of smallholders to volatile markets for rubber, particularly if the share of income from secondary species is substantial. Shade-tolerant crops with small canopies (e.g. coffee, bamboo and tea) are reported as ideal intercrops for rubber. Economically advantageous systems reported appeared to be rubber combined with species which provide additional income in the medium to long term (e.g. sheep and high value timber) and/or enhance ongoing cash flow with a lengthy productive lifespan and regular harvests (e.g. durian and gnetum). However, these systems are subject to many constraints such as labour availability, investment and management capacity and market conditions for secondary products. The review showed an absence of farm portfolio studies aimed at finding risk reducing enterprise combinations. Future research on economic outcomes of rubber agroforestry systems should firstly distinguish traditional jungle rubber from rubber agroforestry systems which use clonal rubber similar to those used in monoculture rubber, and secondly consider the full value of secondary products even if they are grown for own consumption.
Forearm and Hand Muscles Exhibit High Coactivation and Overlapping of Cortical Motor Representations
Authors: Tardelli Gabriela P. , Souza Victor H. , Matsuda Renan H. , Garcia Marco A. C. , Novikov Pavel A. , Nazarova Maria A. , Baffa Oswaldo
Published: March 2022

Most of the motor mapping procedures using navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) follow the conventional somatotopic organization of the primary motor cortex (M1) by assessing the representation of a particular target muscle, disregarding the possible coactivation of synergistic muscles. In turn, multiple reports describe a functional organization of the M1 with an overlapping among motor representations acting together to execute movements. In this context, the overlap degree among cortical representations of synergistic hand and forearm muscles remains an open question. This study aimed to evaluate the muscle coactivation and representation overlapping common to the grasping movement and its dependence on the stimulation parameters. The nTMS motor maps were obtained from one carpal muscle and two intrinsic hand muscles during rest. We quantified the overlapping motor maps in size (area and volume overlap degree) and topography (similarity and centroid Euclidean distance) parameters. We demonstrated that these muscle representations are highly overlapped and similar in shape. The overlap degrees involving the forearm muscle were significantly higher than only among the intrinsic hand muscles. Moreover, the stimulation intensity had a stronger effect on the size compared to the topography parameters. Our study contributes to a more detailed cortical motor representation towards a synergistic, functional arrangement of M1. Understanding the muscle group coactivation may provide more accurate motor maps when delineating the eloquent brain tissue during pre-surgical planning.
Ponderous, Proficient or Professional? Survey Experience and Smartphone Effects in Stated Preference Research
Authors: Sandorf Erlend Dancke , Grimsrud Kristine , Lindhjem Henrik
Published: March 2022

Stated preference surveys are increasingly conducted online using internet panel samples, where a fast-growing share of respondents answer on smartphones. These panel members range from novices to “professionals” in terms of previous survey experience. Little is known about the potential effects of smartphone responding and survey experience on the data quality of stated preference surveys. This paper uses a discrete choice experiment dataset on the Norwegian population’s willingness to pay to plant climate forests to explore how these two factors affect data quality. These data by type of response device, gathered using a probability-based internet panel, were combined with a unique dataset obtained from the survey company on respondents’ actual experience answering surveys on different types of devices. Our results show that differences in elicited preferences between smartphone and computer respondents are not caused by the device used, suggesting that initial concerns about smartphone responses may be exaggerated. Furthermore, more experience is associated with an increasing scale parameter (indicating lower error variance), but at a decreasing rate; and a higher propensity to choose the status quo (indicating possible simplifying strategies employed by respondents). Combined this suggest some optimal level of experience that is neither too high nor too low. We discuss the implications of our results for stated preference research and provide a few avenues for future research.
Endothelial-cell-mediated mechanism of coronary microvascular dysfunction leading to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Wang Yong , Zhang Juan , Wang Zhen , Wang Cheng , Ma Dufang
Published: March 2022

Although the prevalence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is growing worldwide, its complex pathophysiology has yet to be fully elucidated, and multiple hypotheses have all failed to produce a viable target for therapeutic action or provide effective treatment. Cardiac remodeling has long been considered an important mechanism of HFpEF. Strong evidence has been reported over the past years that coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), manifesting as structural and functional abnormalities of coronary microvasculature, also contributes to the evolution of HFpEF. However, the mechanisms of CMD are still not well understood and need to be studied further. Coronary microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) are one of the most abundant cell types in the heart by number and active players in cardiac physiology and pathology. CMECs are not only important cellular mediators of cardiac vascularization but also play an important role in disease pathophysiology by participating in the inception and progression of cardiac remodeling. CMECs are also actively involved in the pathogenesis of CMD. Numerous studies have confirmed that CMD is closely related to cardiac remodeling. ECs may serve a critical function in mediating the connection between CMD and HFpEF. It follows that CMECs participate in the mechanism of CMD leading to HFpEF. In this review article, we focus on the role of CMD in the pathogenesis of HFpEF resulting from cardiac remodeling and highlight the subsequent complexity of the EC-mediated correlation between CMD and HFpEF.
Opportunities for Inclusion and Engagement in the Transition of Autistic Youth from Pediatric to Adult Healthcare: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Ames Jennifer L. , Mahajan Arjun , Davignon Meghan N. , Massolo Maria L. , Croen Lisa A.
Published: March 2022

Transitioning autistic youth from pediatric to adult healthcare requires coordination of multiple stakeholders, including youth, caregivers, and pediatric and adult care providers, whose interests at times overlap but often differ. To understand barriers and facilitators to inclusive transition experiences, we conducted thematic analysis of interviews with 39 stakeholders from the same large, integrated healthcare system. We identified three major themes: (1) Navigating the healthcare transition without guidance, (2) Health consequences of a passive healthcare transition, and (3) Strategies for inclusion and continuous engagement. Facilitators included gradual transition planning, a warm handoff between providers, and support of shared healthcare decision-making. Providers also sought clinical tools and logistical supports such as care coordinators and longer transition-specific visit types to enhance patient-centered care.
Interpregnancy Interval and Birth Outcomes: A Propensity Matching Study in the California Population
Authors: Congdon Jayme L. , Baer Rebecca J. , Arcara Jennet , Feuer Sky K. , Gómez Anu Manchikanti , Karasek Deborah , Oltman Scott P. , Pantell Matthew S. , Ryckman Kelli , Jelliffe-Pawlowski Laura
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Previous studies that used traditional multivariable and sibling matched analyses to investigate interpregnancy interval (IPI) and birth outcomes have reached mixed conclusions about a minimum recommended IPI, raising concerns about confounding. Our objective was to isolate the contribution of interpregnancy interval to the risk for adverse birth outcomes using propensity score matching.

Methods

For this retrospective cohort study, data were drawn from a California Department of Health Care Access and Information database with linked vital records and hospital discharge records (2007–2012). We compared short IPIs of < 6, 6–11, and 12–17 months to a referent IPI of 18–23 months using 1:1 exact propensity score matching on 13 maternal sociodemographic and clinical factors. We used logistic regression to calculate the odds of preterm birth, early-term birth, and small for gestational age (SGA).

Results

Of 144,733 women, 73.6% had IPIs < 18 months, 5.5% delivered preterm, 27.0% delivered early-term, and 6.0% had SGA infants. In the propensity matched sample (n = 83,788), odds of preterm birth were increased among women with IPI < 6 and 6–11 months (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.71–2.0; OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.13–1.31, respectively) and not with IPI 12–17 months (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.94–1.09); a similar pattern emerged for early-term birth. The odds of SGA were slightly elevated only for intervals < 6 months (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.00–1.20, p < .05).

Discussion

This study demonstrates a dose response association between short IPI and adverse birth outcomes, with no increased risk beyond 12 months. Findings suggest that longer IPI recommendations may be overly proscriptive.
Use of GIS and dasymetric mapping for estimating tsunami-affected population to facilitate humanitarian relief logistics: a case study from Phuket, Thailand
Authors: Jitt-Aer Kiatkulchai , Wall Graham , Jones Dylan , Teeuw Richard
Published: March 2022

The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami led to improvements in Thailand’s early warning systems and evacuation procedures. However, there was no consideration of better aid delivery, which critically depends on estimates of the affected population. With the widespread use of geographical information systems (GIS), there has been renewed interest in spatial population estimation. This study has developed an application to determine the number of disaster-impacted people in a given district, by integrating GIS and population estimation algorithms, to facilitate humanitarian relief logistics. A multi-stage spatial interpolation is used for estimating the affected populations using ArcGIS software. We present a dasymetric mapping approach using a population-weighted technique coupled with remote sensing data. The results in each target area show the coordinates of each shelter location for evacuees, with the minimum and maximum numbers of people affected by the tsunami inundation. This innovative tool produces not only numerical solutions for decision makers, but also a variety of maps that improve visualisation of disaster severity across neighbourhoods. A case study in Patong, a town of Phuket, illustrates the application of this GIS-based approach. The outcomes can be used as key decision-making factors in planning and managing humanitarian relief logistics in the preparedness and response phases to improve performance with future tsunami occurrences, or with other types of flood disaster.
Two comparative studies of computer simulations and experiments as learning tools in school and out-of-school education
Authors: Krüger Johanna T. , Höffler Tim N. , Wahl Martin , Knickmeier Katrin , Parchmann Ilka
Published: March 2022

Interactive computer simulations and hands-on experiments are important teaching methods in modern science education. Especially for the communication of complex current topics with social relevance (socioscientific issues), suitable methods in science education are of great importance. However, previous studies could not sufficiently clarify the educational advantages and disadvantages of both methods and often lack adequate comparability. This paper presents two studies of direct comparisons of hands-on experiments and interactive computer simulations as learning tools in science education for secondary school students in two different learning locations (Study I: school; Study II: student laboratory). Using a simple experimental research design with type of learning location as between-subjects factor (NStudy I = 443, NStudy II = 367), these studies compare working on computer simulations versus experiments in terms of knowledge achievement, development of situational interest and cognitive load. Independent of the learning location, the results showed higher learning success for students working on computer simulations than while working on experiments, despite higher cognitive load. However, working on experiments promoted situational interest more than computer simulations (especially the epistemic and value-related component). We stated that simulations might be particularly suitable for teaching complex topics. The findings reviewed in this paper moreover imply that working with one method may complement and supplement the weaknesses of the other. We conclude that that the most effective way to communicate complex current research topics might be a combination of both methods. These conclusions derive a contribution to successful modern science education in school and out-of-school learning contexts.
Adaptive wideband sensing scheme based on Bayesian experimental design
Authors: Wu Keyu , Hu Xingchen , Du Hang , Huang Kuihua
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we investigate the problem of wideband sensing for cognitive radio. Due to resource constraint, a cognitive node targets at finding a given number of spectrum holes, which is studied under a novel wideband sensing architecture. Specifically, the cognitive node can dynamically focus its sensing measurements on different portions of contiguous channels. An adaptive wideband sensing scheme is proposed under the standard Bayesian experimental design framework via three steps: (1) define a Bayesian cost that incorporates the numbers of desired spectrum holes, (2) design hypothesis testing rule to detect access opportunities, and (3) identify a scheme to adapt the measurements during the sensing process. In order to facilitate implementation, we further propose an approximated Bayesian experiment design scheme to reduce the computational complexity. The performance gain of our wideband sensing scheme is demonstrated via numerical simulation.
IIoT platforms’ architectural features – a taxonomy and five prevalent archetypes
Authors: Arnold Laurin , Jöhnk Jan , Vogt Florian , Urbach Nils
Published: March 2022

In the industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), digital platforms have recently received significant attention. Although IIoT platforms revolve around similar business objectives, they address various use cases and, thus, differ considerably in their architectural setup. While research has already investigated IIoT platforms from a business or design perspective, little is known about their underlying technology stack and its implications. To unveil different IIoT platform configurations and better understand their architectural design, we systematically develop and validate a taxonomy of IIoT platforms’ architectural features based on related literature, real-world cases, and expert interviews. On this foundation, we identify and discuss five IIoT platform archetypes (Allrounder, Device Controller, Data Hub, Service Enabler, Connector). Our findings contribute to the descriptive knowledge in this ambiguous research field while also elucidating the interplay of IIoT platforms’ architectural setup and their purpose. From a managerial viewpoint, our results may guide practitioners in comparing and selecting a suitable IIoT platform.
Effects of yield stress and chemical reaction on magnetic two-phase nanofluid flow in a porous regime with thermal ray
Authors: Abdelhafez M. A. , Awad Amal A. , Nafe Mohamed A. , Eisa Dalia A.
Published: March 2022

This study investigates consequences of the steady flow of nanofluid via contracting cylinder utilizing the mathematical Buongiorno's model of nanofluid. Herein, the influence of magnetic field and porous materials are discussed in this paper. The parameters of heat sink/source and radiation are taken into respect. Furthermore, the react of chemical and the yield stress within the nanoingredients too, take up a new niche in this research. The transformations of similarity facilitate the paradigm of partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations. To hit the solutions of the nonlinear equations, the spectral local linearization method has been utilized. Consequences are discussed with diagrams and discussions. The physical consignments as a local Sherwood number, local Nusselt number and drag force are displayed. Excellent advancement in transmit of mass and heat is spotted, which can be conceived through graphs. Results elucidate that the transport of heat increased by increasing the porous medium permeability, thermal radiation, chemical reaction and magnetic field, but raising the heat sink/source and yield stress reduce the heat transfer, whereas the adverse behavior is noticed with the transmit of mass for these parameters.
Die Rolle des Wissens angehender Mathematiklehrkräfte beim Diagnostizieren schwierigkeitsgenerierender Aufgabenmerkmale. Erkenntnisse aus Eye-Tracking Stimulated Recall Interviews
Authors: Schreiter Saskia , Vogel Markus , Rehm Markus , Dörfler Tobias
Published: March 2022

Die Schwierigkeit von Mathematikaufgaben wird neben fachlichen Aufgabenmerkmalen auch von instruktionalen Merkmalen bestimmt. Auf der Grundlage eines Modells der Informationsverarbeitung wird angenommen, dass angehende Lehrkräfte ihr Wissen nutzen, um schwierigkeitsgenerierende Aufgabenmerkmale zu identifizieren und hinsichtlich ihrer Schwierigkeit für Schülerinnen und Schüler zu evaluieren. Zur Prüfung dieser Modellannahmen wurden in der vorliegenden Studie drei Studiengruppen beiN = 46 Lehramtsstudierenden verglichen: In der ersten Gruppe erwarben die Teilnehmenden Wissen über typische Schwierigkeiten von Lernenden und spezifische schwierigkeitsgenerierende Aufgabenmerkmale (Wissensbedingung). Die zweite Gruppe (Sensibilisierungsbedingung) diente der Kontrolle, dass mögliche Unterschiede beim diagnostischen Urteilen in der Wissensbedingung nicht nur auf einer reinen Sensibilisierung hinsichtlich diagnoserelevanter Merkmalskategorien basieren. Entsprechend wurden die Teilnehmenden lediglich über einen kurzen Prompt auf Merkmalskategorien hingewiesen, die beim Diagnostizieren zu berücksichtigen sind. Die dritte Gruppe diente zur zusätzlichen Kontrolle und erhielt kein Treatment. Als Diagnosegegenstand wurden Mathematikaufgaben aus zwei Inhaltsbereichen (Brüche und Winkel) eingesetzt, zwischen denen schwierigkeitsgenerierende fachliche und instruktionale Aufgabenmerkmale systematisch variiert sind. Anhand von Eye-Tracking Technologie und Stimulated Recall Interviews wurden Indikatoren für die angenommenen Informationsverarbeitungsprozesse beim Diagnostizieren erhoben und zwischen den Bedingungen verglichen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass angehende Lehrkräfte der Wissensbedingung im Vergleich zur Kontrollbedingung schwierigkeitsgenerierende Aufgabenmerkmale häufiger identifiziertenundhinsichtlich ihrer Schwierigkeit für Schülerinnen und Schüler korrekt evaluierten. Eine reine Sensibilisierung hinsichtlich diagnoserelevanter Merkmalskategorien führte hingegen überwiegend nur dazu, dass angehende Lehrkräfte bei der Identifikation, nicht jedoch bei der Evaluation von schwierigkeitsgenerierenden Aufgabenmerkmalen besser abschnitten im Vergleich zur Kontrollbedingung. Dies zeigte sich bei beiden Inhaltsbereichen (Brüche und Winkel) und Merkmalskategorien (fachlich und instruktional). Die Analyse der Blickbewegungsdaten legt darüber hinaus nahe, dass spezifisches Wissen schnellere Informationsverarbeitungsprozesse und ein effizienteres Vorgehen beim Diagnostizieren von Aufgabenschwierigkeiten ermöglicht. Die Befunde werden in Hinblick auf Implikationen für die Lehrkräfteausbildung und weiteren Forschungsbedarf diskutiert.
Reciprocal Grafting Reveals Differential Metabolic Responses Between Robusta Clones with Contrasting Tolerances to Drought
Authors: Spiral Jérôme , Ouazzani Sara , Vial Nathaly Henry , Michaux Stéphane , Barro Lilian , Darracq Olivier , Arigoni Fabrizio
Published: March 2022

Faced with global warming, the surface area of coffee cultivation regions is expected to diminish significantly in the near future. As a result, new varieties or agronomical practices improving drought tolerance need to be found. The aim of this work is to characterize drought tolerance of Coffea canephora genotypes and their reciprocal grafted plants with physiological tools and biochemical analyses. Under greenhouse conditions, control plants (sensitive or tolerant) and reciprocal grafted plants submitted to 14 days of water deprivation show variations of the monitored parameters, such as soil and leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and osmoprotectant compounds (sugars, polyols, amino acids). The variations observed confirm the differences between the phenotypes defined as drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive. Reciprocal grafting shows enhanced and contrasting situations. A sensitive clone grafted onto tolerant rootstock presents higher tolerance to drought and physiological or biochemical parameters similar to a drought-tolerant clone. The opposite is observed for tolerant clones grafted onto a sensitive one. More contrasted results are obtained with glucose, fructose, proline, and mannitol content which could be used as indicators for drought tolerance. Our finding shows strong variability for drought tolerance in our Robusta clones and demonstrates the impact of grafting on physiological and biochemical parameters linked to drought tolerance. The use of drought-tolerant rootstock leads to better regulation of water management and biochemical composition of the scion in drought-sensitive clones. This could be an approach to improving drought tolerance of Coffea canephora genotypes and to limiting the impact of global warming on coffee farming.
Fostering Functional Occupation and Mobility in People with Intellectual Disability and Visual Impairment Through Technology-Aided Support
Authors: Lancioni Giulio E. , Singh Nirbhay N. , O’Reilly Mark F. , Sigafoos Jeff , Alberti Gloria , Chiariello Valeria , Abbatantuono Chiara , Taurisano Paolo , Desideri Lorenzo
Published: March 2022

Objectives

The study assessed a smartphone-based technology system, which was designed to support functional occupation and mobility in people with severe to profound intellectual disability and visual impairment.

Methods

The technology system provided (a) verbal orientation cues to guide the participants to a desk with two containers (and two groups of 10 objects that were to be transported to two different destinations), (b) verbal instructions to take the objects (one at a time), (c) verbal orientation cues to reach the destinations where the objects taken had to be transported, (d) instructions to put away the objects at the destinations, and (e) praise and brief periods of preferred stimulation. Seven participants were involved in the study, which was carried out according to a nonconcurrent multiple baseline across participants design.

Results

During the baseline (when the technology system was not available), the participants produced few or no correct responses (i.e., failed to collect, transport, and deposit objects at the right destinations). During the intervention phase (i.e., with the support of the technology system), their mean frequency of correct responses per session was between close to 19 and close to 20 (out of a maximum possible of 20) and their mean session duration varied between about 16 and 29 min.

Conclusions

The data suggest that the technology system used in this study may be a viable resource to support activity and mobility in people with intellectual and visual disabilities.
Magnetically enhanced photoconductive high voltage control
Authors: Monkman G. J. , Sindersberger D. , Prem N.
Published: March 2022

The recent surge of interest in electrostatic actuators, particularly for soft robotic applications, has placed increasing demands on high voltage control technology. In this respect, optoelectronic bidirectional switching and analogue regulation of high voltages is becoming increasingly important. One common problem is the leakage current due to dark resistance of the material or device used. Another is the physical size of such elements. However, their ability to provide galvanic separation makes them a very attractive alternative to conventional (wired) semiconductor elements. This paper gives an overview of available methods and devices before introducing a concept based on the combination of photoresistive and magnetoresistive effects in Gallium Arsenide that are potentially applicable to other semiconductor materials.
Life cycle assessment of urban uses of biochar and case study in Uppsala, Sweden
Authors: Azzi Elias S. , Karltun Erik , Sundberg Cecilia
Published: March 2022

Biochar is a material derived from biomass pyrolysis that is used in urban applications. The environmental impacts of new biochar products have however not been assessed. Here, the life cycle assessments of 5 biochar products (tree planting, green roofs, landscaping soil, charcrete, and biofilm carrier) were performed for 7 biochar supply-chains in 2 energy contexts. The biochar products were benchmarked against reference products and oxidative use of biochar for steel production. Biochar demand was then estimated, using dynamic material flow analysis, for a new city district in Uppsala, Sweden. In a decarbonised energy system and with high biochar stability, all biochar products showed better climate performance than the reference products, and most applications outperformed biomass use for decarbonising steel production. The climate benefits of using biochar ranged from − 1.4 to − 0.11 tonne CO2-eq tonne−1 biochar in a decarbonised energy system. In other environmental impact categories, biochar products had either higher or lower impacts than the reference products, depending on biochar supply chain and material substituted, with trade-offs between sectors and impact categories. However, several use-phase effects of biochar were not included in the assessment due to knowledge limitations. In Uppsala’s new district, estimated biochar demand was around 1700 m3 year−1 during the 25 years of construction. By 2100, 23% of this biochar accumulated in landfill, raising questions about end-of-life management of biochar-containing products. Overall, in a post-fossil economy, biochar can be a carbon dioxide removal technology with benefits, but biochar applications must be designed to maximise co-benefits.
Redefining Structural Art: A Neuroaesthetics Perspective on the Art of Structural Design
Authors: Wang Shuaizhong , Kotnik Toni , Schwartz Joseph
Published: March 2022

Structural art should not be marginalised as an integral part of structural design. By reviewing historical understandings of structural art, this article discusses the ambiguous and neglected perspective of structural art on architectural design and human perception dimensions, concentrating the attention of structural art on the question of human aesthetic perception. Based on significant changes in how art is perceived due to recent neuroaesthetics research, this article introduces recent findings from cognitive neuroscience regarding embodied perception principles, sheds new light on the aesthetic experiences inherent in the built environment, and clarifies and expands previously held beliefs about structural art. Finally, while emphasising the significance of structural art, this article attempts to provide a body-informed perspective on structural art that can aid in incorporating human neuroaesthetic perception principles during the conceptual phase of the structural design process, thereby redefining the effect of structures on architectural space and aesthetics, thus redefining structural art.
Intercultural and Transcultural Awareness in Language Teaching
Authors: Baker Will
Published: March 2022

The central aim of language teaching is typically to prepare learners to communicate through the language learnt. However, much current language teaching theory and practice is based on a simplistic view of communication that fails to match the multilingual and intercultural reality of the majority of second language (L2) use. This Element examines the relationship between language and culture through an L2 in intercultural and transcultural communication. It puts forward the argument that we need to go beyond communicative competence in language teaching and focus instead on intercultural and transcultural awareness. Implications for pedagogic practice are explored including intercultural and transcultural language education.
Combinatorial and harmonic-analytic methods for integer tilings
Authors: Łaba Izabella , Londner Itay
Published: March 2022

A finite set of integersAtiles the integers by translations if$\mathbb {Z}$can be covered by pairwise disjoint translated copies ofA. Restricting attention to one tiling period, we have$A\oplus B=\mathbb {Z}_M$for some$M\in \mathbb {N}$and$B\subset \mathbb {Z}$. This can also be stated in terms of cyclotomic divisibility of the mask polynomials$A(X)$and$B(X)$associated withAandB.

In this article, we introduce a new approach to a systematic study of such tilings. Our main new tools are the box product, multiscale cuboids and saturating sets, developed through a combination of harmonic-analytic and combinatorial methods. We provide new criteria for tiling and cyclotomic divisibility in terms of these concepts. As an application, we can determine whether a setAcontaining certain configurations can tile a cyclic group$\mathbb {Z}_M$, or recover a tiling set based on partial information about it. We also develop tiling reductions where a given tiling can be replaced by one or more tilings with a simpler structure. The tools introduced here are crucial in our proof in [24] that all tilings of period$(pqr)^2$, where$p,q,r$are distinct odd primes, satisfy a tiling condition proposed by Coven and Meyerowitz [2].
Role of odd viscosity in falling viscous fluid
Authors: Samanta Arghya
Published: March 2022

The aim of the present study is to investigate the linear and nonlinear wave dynamics of a falling incompressible viscous fluid when the fluid undergoes an effect of odd viscosity. In fact, such an effect arises in classical fluids when the time-reversal symmetry is broken. The motivation to study this dynamics was raised by recent studies (Ganeshan & Abanov, Phys. Rev. Fluids, vol. 2, 2017, p. 094101; Kirkinis & Andreev, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 878, 2019, pp. 169–189) where the odd viscosity coefficient suppresses thermocapillary instability. Here, we explore the linear surface wave and shear wave dynamics for the isothermal case by solving the Orr–Sommerfeld eigenvalue problem numerically with the aid of the Chebyshev spectral collocation method. It is found that surface and shear instabilities can be weakened by the odd viscosity coefficient. Furthermore, the growth rate of the wavepacket corresponding to the linear spatio-temporal response is reduced as long as the odd viscosity coefficient increases. In addition, a coupled system of a two-equation model is derived in terms of the fluid layer thickness $h(x,t)$ and the flow rate $q(x,t)$. The nonlinear travelling wave solution of the two-equation model reveals the attenuation of maximum amplitude and speed in the presence of an odd viscosity coefficient, which ensures the delay of transition from the primary parallel flow with a flat surface to secondary flow generated through the nonlinear wave interactions. This physical phenomenon is further corroborated by performing a nonlinear spatio-temporal simulation when a harmonic forcing is applied at the inlet.
Music in Radio Drama: The Curious Case of the Acousmatic Detective
Authors: SMITH KENNETH
Published: March 2022

This article explores music’s role in radio drama. While musical aspects of early experimental radio dramas have often been explored, the music that figures in the Anglo-American radio play tradition has remained under-theorized. Borrowing interpretative tools from audiovisual discourses can help to elucidate some of the subtleties of the medium, but methodological inadequacies soon become apparent. As exemplars of modern radio dramatic technique, the BBC’s complete adaptations of Sherlock Holmes stories (1989–98) are explored, their music interwoven into the drama with consistent levels of subtlety. I draw primarily from Michel Chion’s application of the ‘acousmatic’, showing how the ambiguity concerning the location of the enveloping solo violin music – Holmes’s instrument – offers twists and turns to the agency of the unfolding narrative. I examine further how a sustained technique of intertextual allusion creates what I call a paradiegetic space, in which pre-existing music, heard within the dramas, provides a parenthetical narrative that unravels in parallel with the primary narrative, reflecting back on its themes, changing its meanings and moreover challenging our preconceptions about radio’s particular acousmatic zone.
Disappointed Expectations: Downward Mobility and Electoral Change
Authors: KURER THOMAS , VAN STAALDUINEN BRIITTA
Published: March 2022

Postindustrial occupational change has ended an era of unprecedented upward mobility. We examine the political implications of this immense structural shift by introducing the concept of status discordance, which we operationalize as the difference between status expectations formed during childhood and outcomes realized in adulthood. We leverage German household panel data and predictive modeling to provide empirical estimates of status expectations based on childhood circumstances and parental background. The analysis reveals that political dissatisfaction is widespread among voters who fall short of intergenerational status expectations. We show that such dissatisfaction is associated with higher abstention rates, less mainstream party support, and more radical voting. Moreover, we explore variation in status discordance by gender, education, and occupation, which influence the choice between radical left and right parties. Our findings highlight how expectations about opportunities underlie generational voting patterns and shed light on the ongoing breakdown of the postwar political consensus.
The Politics of White Identity and Settlers’ Indigenous Resentment in Canada
Authors: Beauvais Edana , Stolle Dietlind
Published: March 2022

This article introduces White identity as an understudied concept in Canadian politics and compares how White settlers’ ingroup attachments and their outgroup attitudes—specifically, White settlers’ anti-Indigenous attitudes—shape Canadian politics. We find that White identity is associated with greater support for government spending on policies that disproportionately benefit White Canadians, such as pensions, whereas Indigenous resentment is associated with greater opposition toward government spending on policies that are often perceived as disproportionately benefiting Indigenous peoples, such as welfare. In Canada outside Quebec, both White identity and anti-Indigenous attitudes are associated with voting Conservative. In Quebec, White identity mobilizes support for the Bloc Québécois, while White settlers’ negative attitudes toward Indigenous peoples are not associated with vote choice.
Tenuous Pacts and Multiparty Coalitions: The Politics of Presidential Impeachment in Latin America
Authors: De Micheli David , Sanchez-Gomez Jose T. , Roberts Kenneth M.
Published: March 2022

When and why do legislatures impeach presidents? We analyse six cases of attempted impeachment in Paraguay, Brazil and Peru to argue that intra-coalitional politics is central to impeachment outcomes. Presidents in Latin America often govern with multiparty, ideologically heterogeneous coalitions sustained by tenuous pacts. Coalitions are tested when crises, scandals or mass protests emerge, but presidents can withstand these threats if they tend to allies’ interests and maintain coalitions intact. Conversely, in the absence of major threats, presidents can be impeached if they fail to serve partners’ interests, inducing allies to support impeachment as acts of opportunism or self-preservation.
‘In a hospital bed or … out doing Indiana Jones’: older Irish men's negotiations of cultural representations of ageing
Authors: O'Neill Margaret , Ní Léime Áine
Published: March 2022

There is a growing body of interdisciplinary literature on the representation and construction of ageing masculinities; however, there is a lack of specific analysis of older men's responses to cultural images of ageing. It is important to examine how cultural meanings around ageing may inform older men's lived experiences, an underexplored aspect of gender and social relations. This article does so and contributes to social gerontology and masculinity studies. It draws on focus group discussions and follow-up interviews or reflective diaries with seven men aged 65–73 years, varying in terms of relationship status and sexual orientation. The research forms part of an international study. It discusses the initial thematic findings, interpreted with reference to literature on ageing in culture and society, and hegemonic masculinities. The analysis identifies five primary themes: underrepresentation and stereotyping in media; diminishment of family role; transition from work to retirement; agency as opposed to confinement; and ageing as engaged and autonomous, illustrating some of the issues involved in the fluidity of masculinity over a lifetime. It highlights how representation can inform perceptions and experiences of growing older, and shows shifting masculine identities that negotiate hegemonic expectations as well as discourses about ageing. This study demonstrates how the participants’ modifications of hegemonic masculine and ageing identity interrogate and broaden these discourses, and opens avenues for future investigation.
Analogy is indispensable but rule is a must: Insights from Turkish
Authors: NAKIPOĞLU Mine , UZUNDAĞ Berna A. , KETREZ F. Nihan
Published: March 2022

Inflectional morphology provides a unique platform for a discussion of whether morphological productivity is rule-based or analogy-based. The present study testing 140 children (range = 29 to 97 months; M(SD) = 64.1(18.8)) on an elicited production task investigated the acquisition of the irregular distribution in the Turkish aorist. Results suggested that to discover the allomorphs of the Turkish aorist, children initially carried out similarity comparisons between analogous exemplars, which helped them tap into phonological features to induce generalizations for regulars and irregulars. Thereafter to tackle the irregularity, children entertained competing hypotheses yielding overregularizations and irregularizations. While the trajectory of overregularizations implicated the gradual formulation of an abstraction based on type-frequency, irregularizations suggested both intrusion of analogous exemplars and children’s attempts to default to an erroneous micro-generalization. Our findings supported a model of morphological learning that is driven by analogy at the outset and that invokes rule-induction in later stages.
Prospective spatial-temporal clusters of COVID-19 in local communities: case study of Kansas City, Missouri, United States
Authors: AlQadi Hadeel , Bani-Yaghoub Majid , Wu Siqi , Balakumar Sindhu , Francisco Alex
Published: March 2022

Kansas City, Missouri, became one of the major United States hotspots for COVID-19 due to an increase in the rate of positive COVID-19 test results. Despite the large numbers of positive cases in Kansas City, MO, the spatial-temporal analysis of data has been less investigated. However, it is critical to detect emerging clusters of COVID-19 and enforce control and preventive policies within those clusters. We conducted a prospective Poisson spatial-temporal analysis of Kansas City, MO data to detect significant space-time clusters of COVID-19 positive cases at the zip code level in Kansas City, MO. The analysis focused on daily infected cases in four equal periods of 3 months. We detected temporal patterns of emerging and re-emerging space-time clusters between March 2020 and February 2021. Three statistically significant clusters emerged in the first period, mainly concentrated in downtown. It increased to seven clusters in the second period, spreading across a broader region in downtown and north of Kansas City. In the third period, nine clusters covered large areas of north and downtown Kansas City, MO. Ten clusters were present in the last period, further extending the infection along the State Line Road. The statistical results were communicated with local health officials and provided the necessary guidance for decision-making and allocating resources (e.g., vaccines and testing sites). As more data become available, statistical clustering can be used as a COVID-19 surveillance tool to measure the effects of vaccination.
Bicategories in univalent foundations
Authors: Ahrens Benedikt , Frumin Dan , Maggesi Marco , Veltri Niccolò , van der Weide Niels
Published: March 2022

We develop bicategory theory in univalent foundations. Guided by the notion of univalence for (1-)categories studied by Ahrens, Kapulkin, and Shulman, we define and study univalent bicategories. To construct examples of univalent bicategories in a modular fashion, we develop displayed bicategories, an analog of displayed 1-categories introduced by Ahrens and Lumsdaine. We demonstrate the applicability of this notion and prove that several bicategories of interest are univalent. Among these are the bicategory of univalent categories with families and the bicategory of pseudofunctors between univalent bicategories. Furthermore, we show that every bicategory with univalent hom-categories is weakly equivalent to a univalent bicategory. All of our work is formalized in Coq as part of the UniMath library of univalent mathematics.
Maternal age at marriage and child nutritional status and development: evidence from Serbian Roma communities
Authors: Čvorović Jelena
Published: March 2022

Objective:

This study aimed to assess whether maternal age at first marriage is associated with nutritional and developmental penalties in Roma children.

Design:

Roma nationally representative population-based study. Proxies for child nutritional outcomes included children’s individual-level height-for-age Z (HAZ) and weight-for-age Z (WAZ) scores, HAZ and WAZ scores below two standard deviations from the median of WHO’s reference population (children aged 0–59 months) and Early Child Development (ECD) (children aged 36–59 months). Multiple and logistic regressions were used to estimate the association between maternal age at marriage and the outcomes and other socio-demographic determinants as possible confounders.

Setting:

Aggregated data from UNICEF’s fifth and sixth Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys for Serbian Roma settlements.

Participants:

Children (n 2652) aged 0–59 months born to ever-married women aged 15–48 years.

Results:

In total, 64 % of women married before age 18, 19 % of children were stunted, 9 % wasted and ECD score was low. Maternal age at first marriage was not associated with either nutritional status or early development of Roma children. Weight at birth (children aged 0–24 years) emerged as the main predictor of children’s nutritional status. Boys were more likely to be shorter, more stunted and wasted than girls. Child’s age, maternal parity and unimproved toilet facility negatively impacted nutritional status, while maternal literacy mitigated against poor nutritional and developmental outcomes.

Conclusions:

Roma children up to 5 years of age bear no negative consequences of maternal early marriage. The underlying determinants of children’s well-being include improved sanitation, child characteristics, maternal literacy and reproductive behavior and parental investment.
Engaged Pluralism: The Importance of Commitment
Authors: Box-Steffensmeier Janet M.
Published: March 2022

Engaged pluralism entails active interaction, debate, and learning from each other. I argue that individuals need to undertake the challenges arising from engaged pluralism to ensure a healthy, vibrant disciplinary future, and for a democracy that thrives. I consciously extend the term “engagement” to apply not only to understanding across sub-disciplines and different grounds of knowledge, but also to addressing research to the needs of society. There are golden opportunities centered around the benefits of a more open, rigorous, and contentious science that can be maximized through focused engagement around methodologies and methods. In short, two primary themes encapsulate my views on where our discipline should be heading. First, the pursuit of engaged methodological pluralism in our scholarship is critical. Second, supporting democratic principles and civic engagement, which is at the core of the American Political Science Association and has continued, in ebbs and flows, throughout the discipline’s life, is necessary.