bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STEM Education for Girls and Women
Authors: AISDL
Published: February 2021

The award of the 2020 Noble Prize in chemistry by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to Dr Emmanuel Charpentier and Dr Jennifer A. Doudna for the development of a method for genome editing does not only highlight the potential and promise that girls and women hold in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) fields, but also that girls and women can excel to the highest level and achieve prominence in these careers. Sadly though, Dr Charpentier and Dr Doudna are only the sixth and seventh women, out of a total of 185 individuals, to have won the Nobel Prize in chemistry since the annual prize was awarded in 1901.i This implies that in the history of the Nobel Prize in chemistry, for every female winner there are 26 male winners. And in the history of all the Nobel Prizes in the sciences, there have been 20 female laureates of the more than 600 prizes awarded in physiology or medicine, chemistry and physics. These ratios reflect the gender disparity and inequality that exists in STEM fields globally.
ANKRD11 is differentially expressed in brain metastatic human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: February 2021

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that ankyrin repeat domain 11, encoded by ANKRD11, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. ANKRD11 mRNA was present at decreased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of ANKRD11 in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient overall survival. Modulation of ANKRD11 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
PELATIHAN PENJUALAN ONLINE MENGGUNAKAN SOSIAL MEDIA DI DUSUN BUKIT LINTANG DESA LABOI JAYA, BANGKINANG-RIAU
Authors: Guntoro  , Costaner Loneli , Febriadi Bayu
Published: February 2021

Perkembangan teknologi informasi yang semakin canggih, tentunya mempengaruhi dalam berbagai bidang kehidupan, salah satunya adalah dalam ekonomi. Hampir semua manusia sudah dibantu dengan adanya teknologi. Salah satu teknologi yang terus berkembang dengan cepat yaitu internet. Internet sendiri membuka cakrawala baru dalam kehidupan. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilaksanakan di Dusun Bukit Lintang, Desa Laboi Jaya, Kecamatan Bangkinang, Provinsi Riau. Kendala yang dialami adalah masyarakat masih belum optimal dalam memanfaatkan sosial media untuk mengembangkan bisnisnya. Metode pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah penyebearan kuisioner sebelum pelatihan dimulai, penyampaian materi, tanya jawab, penyebaran kuisioner setelah pelatihan, evaluasi kegiatan. Berdasarkan hasil kuisioner, menunjukkan bahwa peserta pelatihan memahami materi yang telah disampaikan dan peserta termotivasi untuk berjualan secara online menggunakan sosial media.
SARGON CỦA XỨ AKKAD – NGƯỜI LẬP NÊN ĐẾ CHẾ ĐẦU TIÊN TRONG LỊCH SỬ NHÂN LOẠI
Authors: AISDL
Published: February 2021

Lưỡng Hà là một vùng bình nguyên nằm giữa hai con sông Tigris và Euphrates thuộc Tây Á. Người Hy Lạp cổ đại gọi vùng đất này là Mosopotamie (nghĩa là vùng đất nằm giữa hai con sông lớn). Vùng Tây Á chủ yếu là vùng đất có nhiều sa mạc và những dãy núi lớn, vì vậy, vùng đất màu mỡ nằm gần những con sông là nơi diễn ra những tranh chấp giữa các tộc người.Một trong những nền văn minh đầu tiên của khu vực Lưỡng Hà chính là nền văn minh của người Sumer (khoảng từ thiên niên kỷ IV TCN). Đầu thiên niên kỷ III TCN, người Akkad thuộc tộc Semit từ thảo nguyên Syri xâm nhập và lập nên đế chế Akkad.
Heterogeneous Naturalization Effects of Dual Citizenship Reform in Migrant Destinations: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Europe
Authors: Peters Floris , Vink Maarten
Published: February 2021

Does dual citizenship acceptance increase immigrants’ propensity to naturalize and, if so, for whom does this matter most? We exploit exogenous variation in citizenship legislation in 200 migrant origin countries to identify the effect of destination country policy reform. We hypothesize that the value of the origin country citizenship moderates the reform effect. We test our identification strategy in two West European countries with contrasting reforms: a canonical liberal reform in Sweden (2001) and an atypical restrictive reversal in the Netherlands (1997). We apply a staggered difference-in-differences model employing administrative data on complete migrant populations. We find reform effects remarkably similar in effect size and heterogeneity, with liberalizing reform increasing naturalization rates with 6.7 percent and restrictive change decreasing rates with 6.4 percent. The effect is concentrated among immigrants from EU and highly developed countries. Our quasi-experimental evidence informs naturalization scholarship and public debate on migrant political integration.
ABE23: MHC Class I H-2Kbm3- EQYKFYSV-2C TCR complex: convergence diagnostics of internal energy
Authors: Antipas Georgios S.E.
Published: February 2021

ABE23: MHC Class I H-2Kbm3- EQYKFYSV-2C TCR complex: convergence diagnostics of internal energy
Are female academics more research resilient? Evidence from South India’s engineering institutions
Authors: AISDL
Published: February 2021

This study explores the various factors that influence female academics to be able to conduct research and publish in a developing country scenario, specifically India. This ongoing study focuses on Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4: Quality Education, SDG5: Gender Equality and SDG8: Decent Work and Economic Development by looking at South India’s engineering academics, with the main purpose of identifying and exploring various factors influencing their employment and Research Productivity (RP).
A Two-stage Framework for Automated Operational Modal Identification
Authors: zeng jice , Kim Young Hoon
Published: February 2021

Abstract: Automated operational modal analysis (OMA) is attractive and has been extensively used to replace traditional OMA, which involves much empirical observation and engineers’ judgment. However, the uncertainties on modal parameters and spurious modes are still challenging to estimate under the field conditions. For addressing this challenge, this research proposed an automated modal identification approach. The proposed approach consists of two steps: (1) modal analysis using covariance-driven stochastic subspace algorithm (SSI-cov/ref); (2) automated interpretation of the stabilization diagram. An additional uncertainty criterion is employed to initially remove as many spurious modes as possible. A novel threshold calculation for clustering is proposed with incorporating uncertainty of modal parameters and the weighting factor. An improved self-adaptive clustering with new distance calculation is used to group physical modes, followed by the final step of robust outlier detection to select outlying modes. The proposed automated approach requires minimum human intervention. Two field tests of the footbridge and a post-tensioned concrete bridge are used to verify the proposed approach. A modal tracking was used for continuously measured data for demonstrating the applicability of the approach. Results show the proposed approach has fairly good performance and be suitable for automated OMA and long-term health monitoring.
Emotional Responses to a Global Stressor: Average Patterns and Individual Differences
Authors: Willroth Emily C , Smith Angela Moriah , Mroczek Dan , Graham Eileen Kranz , shallcross amanda , Ford Brett Quaid
Published: February 2021

Major stressors often challenge emotional well-being—increasing negative emotions and decreasing positive emotions. But how long do these emotional hits last? Prior theory and research contain conflicting views. Some research suggests that most individuals’ emotional well-being will return to, or even surpass, baseline levels relatively quickly. Others have challenged this view, arguing that this type of resilient response is uncommon. The present research provides a strong test of resilience theory by examining emotional trajectories over the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic. In two pre-registered longitudinal studies (total N =1,147), we examined average emotional trajectories and predictors of individual differences in emotional trajectories across 13 waves of data from February through September 2020. The pandemic had immediate detrimental effects on average emotional well-being. Across the next six months, average negative emotions returned to baseline levels with the greatest improvements occurring almost immediately. Yet, positive emotions remained depleted relative to baseline levels, illustrating the limits of typical resilience. Individuals differed substantially around these average emotional trajectories and these individual differences were predicted by socio-demographic characteristics and stressor exposure. We discuss theoretical implications of these findings that we hope will contribute to more nuanced approaches to studying, understanding, and improving emotional well-being following major stressors.
Structural characteristics of fixed-odds sports betting products
Authors: Newall Philip Warren Stirling , Russell Alex M T , Hing Nerilee
Published: February 2021

Background and aims: A literature exists on the structural characteristics of electronic gambling machines (EGMs), which are design innovations that can promote spending excessive time and money on these games. Fixed-odds sports betting products, where bettors place sports bets against a bookmaker, have also seen significant innovations in recent years. Despite some differences between these gambling products, similar structural characteristics could also be relevant to sports betting. The aim was to review previous research on contemporary fixed-odds sports betting products, and to identify whether structural characteristics from the EGM literature are also relevant to sports betting.Methods: Structural characteristics uncovered by two influential reviews of EGMs were identified, and their relevance to fixed-odds sports betting products discussed via a narrative review.Results: Structural characteristics of payout interval / potential betting frequency (in-play betting), multiplier potential (accumulators, complex bets, multis), win probability and payout ratio (all bets), bettor involvement (custom sports betting products, cash out), skill required (all bets), and near-misses (accumulators, complex bets, multis) were all identified in modern fixed-odds sports betting products.Discussion and conclusions: Fixed-odds sports betting products have increasingly incorporated structural characteristics previously found in EGMs. Future research could further assess the extent to which these structural characteristics contribute to fixed-odds sports bettors spending excessive amounts of time and money while betting. These findings can help guide further sports betting research, contribute to an improved understanding of the potential universality of gambling product design, and inform policy.
Ideological Competition
Authors: Izzo Federica , Martin Gregory J , Callander Steven
Published: February 2021

We propose a model of political competition not over policy programs, but over ideologies: models of the world that organize voters' experiences and guide the inferences they draw from observed outcomes. Policy-motivated political parties develop ideologies, and voters choose the ideology that best explains their observations. Preferences over policies are then induced by the adopted ideology. Parties thus care about winning the ideological battle as it confers an advantage in the electoral arena. We show that inequilibrium political parties always propose different models of the world. This divergence extends to all features of the environment, not just policy dimensions. A lower degree of policy extremism in the past increases the divergence on the policy dimension, thus leading to higher ideological polarization.
Energetika: Gleb Krzhizhanovskii's Conception of the Nature-Society Metabolism
Authors: Russ Daniela
Published: February 2021

There has been a growing interest in the relation between Marxism and the Soviet Union’s relation to nature. While historical scholarship rarely explores the intellectual context in which the Soviet experiment unfolded, ecomarxists tend to describe the Soviet Union’s mistaken path as a result of the loss of ‘metabolic’ thinkers. This article challenges the neat divide between a ‘metabolic’ and ‘productivist’ Marxism byanalysing the energy-economic thinking of Gleb M. Krzhizhanovskii, chairman of the electrification commission (GOELRO) and the State Planning Commission (Gosplan). Krzhizhanovskii understood human production as part of the general life process and envisioned the energy economy to become an ‘ennobling’ element within nature. His argument rested on the hope that large-scale electrification, district heating and electro-chemistry––realisable under Socialism––could help govern the metabolism between nature and society more rationally. The history of energetika shows thatproductivist and metabolic thinking are more intricately connected than thought before.
Impact of Green Central Bank Collateral Policy: Evidence from the People’s Bank of China
Authors: Macaire Camille , Naef Alain
Published: February 2021

In June 2018, the People’s Bank of China (PBoC) decided to include green financial bonds into the pool of assets eligible as collateral for its Medium Term Lending Facility. We measure the impact of the policy on the yield spread between green and non-green bonds, or greenium. Using a difference-in-differences approach to compare pairs of green and non-green bonds issued by the same institutions, we show that the policy increased the greenium by 46 basis points. This experience can be useful to other central banks considering similar polices.
‘Stressed, uncomfortable, vulnerable, neglected’: a qualitative study of the psychological and social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on UK frontline keyworkers.
Authors: May Tom , Aughterson Henry , Fancourt Daisy , Burton Alexandra
Published: February 2021

Aims: Non-healthcare keyworkers face distinct occupational vulnerabilities that have received little consideration within broader debates about ‘essential’ work and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was therefore to explore the impact of the pandemic on the working lives and mental health and wellbeing of non-healthcare keyworkers in the UK.Methods: In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 participants employed in a range of non-healthcare keyworker occupations, including transport, retail, education, postal services and the police force. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using a reflexive thematic approach. Results: Keyworkers experienced adverse psychological effects during the COVID-19 pandemic, including fears of COVID-19 exposure, contagion and subsequent transmission to others, especially their families. These concerns were often experienced in the context of multiple exposure risks, including insufficient PPE and a lack of workplace mitigation practices. Keyworkers also described multiple work-related challenges, including increased workload, a lack of public and organisational recognition and feelings of disempowerment. Conclusion: In efforts to reduce psychosocial concerns among non-healthcare keyworkers, there is a need for appropriate support during the COVID-19 pandemic and in preparation for other infections (e.g. seasonal influenza) in the future. This includes the provision of psychological and workplace measures attending to the intersections of personal vulnerability and work conditions that cause unique risks and challenges among those in frontline keyworker occupations.
A Review of Literature of Global Value Chains
Authors: Dutta Sourish
Published: February 2021

The phenomenon of global value chains (GVCs) indicates a division of labour type production structure in which tasks and business functions are distributed among several companies, globally, or regionally (Grossman and Rossi-Hansberg 2008). The critical features of GVCs are therefore the international dimension of the production process and the "contractualisation" of buyer and seller relationships, often across international borders (Antras 2016). As a result, these international production networks are highly complex regarding geography, technology, and the different types of firms involved (from large retailers and highly large-scale mechanised manufacturers to small home-based production). Sometimes it may be impossible even to identify all the countries that are involved or the extent of their involvement (Gereffi and FernandezStark 2016). However, the recent development of OECD-WTO’s Trade-in Value Added (TiVA) data represents a fundamental step forward in understanding GVC trade. Grossman & RossiHansberg (2008, 2012) rightly point out that the different tasks, rather than sectors, define the specialisation of countries in the value chains.
‘We have equal opportunities—in theory’: Lay perceptions of privilege, meritocracy and inequality in Denmark
Authors: Andersen Ditte , Kessing Malene Lue , Østergaard Jeanette
Published: February 2021

This paper reports on the findings from a qualitative, longitudinal study on lay perceptions of opportunity structures among young adults in Denmark. Previous research suggests that people often underestimate the extent of inequality and that rising inequality aggravates misperceptions. Our study deepens the understanding of the multi-layered processes that form meritocratic beliefs, and it identifies key factors at the macro-, meso-, and micro-level. A macro-level factor that proved influential was a cultural script revolving around the Danish lay concept, social arv [social inheritance]. At the meso level, the factor of reference groups in socio-economic heterogeneous schools was instrumental for formations of inequality perceptions, but in dissimilar ways depending on micro-level subjective factors. Overall, the participants viewed the free educational system in Denmark as a part of a welfare system that equalises opportunity structures in principle, while the majority simultaneously exhibited a nuanced awareness of social forces negating meritocracy in practice.
Housing and housing assistance pathways with companion animals: risks, costs, benefits and opportunities
Authors: Stone Wendy , Power Emma , Tually Selina , James Amity , Faulkner Debbie , Goodall Zoë , Buckle Caitlin
Published: February 2021

This study investigated the policy and regulatory settings that shape housing options available to households that own companion animals. It considers housing and housing assistance contexts nationally across tenures, sectors (e.g. ownership, private rental housing), emergency/crisis accommodation and for diverse population groups receiving income and housing assistance support.
Weighted Baseball Training Affects Arm Speed without Increasing Elbow and Shoulder Joint Kinetics
Authors: O'Connell Michael E , Lindley Kyle , Scheffey John , Caravan Alex , Marsh Joe , Brady Anthony
Published: February 2021

Long-term training effects of weighted ball throwing programs have been well documented. However, the mechanisms by which these effects are facilitated are poorly understood due to the difficulty of measuring biomechanics in the baseball throwing motion. The purpose of this study is to replicate previous methods investigating within-session effects of throwing overload and underload baseballs to provide mechanistic evidence for weighted baseball training methods. We hypothesized that varying the pitched ball weight between three, four, five, six, and seven ounces will affect pitched ball velocity, upper body kinematics, lower body kinematics, kinematic velocities, and throwing arm joint kinetics during a maximum intent throwing workout. Twenty-six collegiate and professional level baseball pitchers ages 20-30 (mean age 23.5 ± 2.7 years) participated in a pitch velocity and biomechanical evaluation while pitching a series of leather weighted baseballs from a regulation pitching mound. A one-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to evaluate the within-subject effect of ball weight on a total of 15 parameters: pitch velocity, five kinematic positions, four kinematic velocities, and five kinetics. We found that as ball weight increased, pitch velocity, maximum elbow flexion, maximum pelvis rotation velocity, maximum shoulder internal rotation velocity, and maximum elbow extension velocity decreased, while anterior trunk tilt at ball release increased. Training with three- to seven-ounce baseballs can be used to work on increasing pitching velocity without increasing throwing arm joint kinetics or changing pitching mechanics in a practically significant way.
Antinociceptive effects of methanolic extracts of Pistacia aethiopica and Warbugia ugandensis in mice
Authors: Munene Ireri Moses , Mwaniki Njagi Eliud Nyaga , Piero Ngugi Mathew
Published: February 2021

Pistacia aethiopica and Warbugia ugandensis are medicinal plants used in folk medicine among the Embu, Kenya. Despite being in use since antiquity, no empirical data is available to validate their claimed use in pain management. This study evaluated the antinociceptive effects of methanolic extracts of these plants in mice. Qualitative phytochemical profile of the methanolic extracts was also established. The antinociceptive studies used formalin pain model. Harbone and Kotaki protocols for qualitative phytochemical screening were used. Stem bark extracts of P. aethiopica inhibited paw licking in mice by between 47.24% 55.13% in the early phase and by between 30.69%-52.12% in the late phase. W. ugandensis leaf extracts inhibited paw licking by between 38.45%- 51.85% in the early phase and by between 43.48%-65.61% in the late phase. Diclofenac sodium inhibited paw licking by between 30.33%- 30.36% in the early phase and by between 62.93% and 77.08% in the late phase. Phytochemical screening revealed presence of saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols and terpenoids. This study established existence of antinociceptive effects in the methanolic extracts of P. aethiopica and W. ugandensis in mice. The observed effects were ascribed to the presence of phytochemicals working individually or synergistically.
Reproductive potency of methanolic bi-herbal (Zingiber officinale and Chrysophyllum albidum) extract on masculine wistar rats
Authors: Benjamin Gabriel Ogunma , Oshomoh Emmanuel Ola , Steve Asuelimen Osagie , Osayi Otakhor Kelly
Published: February 2021

The study is aimed at evaluating the fertility potential of bi-herbal methanol extract on male Wistar rats. This research finding based it fact of fertility in male Wistar rats to investigate through the phytochemicals, antioxidant assay, hormonal indexes, lipid profile, body/organ weight changes and histopathological study across the graded doses (25, 50, 100 mg/kg) of the treated groups of bi-herbal (Zingiber officinale and Chrysophyllum albidum)) methanol extract using standard procedure. Results from the phytochemical screening elicited the essential constituents (alkaloids, flavonoids phenol, tannins and saponnins). The antioxidant assay showed broad scavenging property against free radicals, which possibly is associated with one of its mechanisms of action. An increase in the level of significant (p > 0.05) in hormonal indexes (testosterone, progesterone, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone) and slight increase in the level of lipid profile (cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL LDL and VLDL) activities among the treatment groups when compared with the control. There absent significant change (p > 0.05) in the body and testes mass ratio. No pronounce histopathological variation on the testes state in comparative to the control. The dependent from the bi-herbal extract with extreme exhibition of fertility potential as its therapeutic effect.
Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of endophytic fungi associated with four medicinal plants from Sudan
Authors: Mohamed Ietidal E , Alati Tawheeda A Abd
Published: February 2021

In this study four medicinal plants, used in Sudan to cure different types of health problems, were selected for isolation of endophytic fungi, fungi reside within the plant host tissues without causing disease symptoms. A total of 20 distinct endophytic fungi species were isolated from surface- sterilized parts of the plants, Kigelia africana, Cymbopogon proximus, Balanites egyptiaca and Solenostemma argel. Nine of the isolated fungi were identified according to their microscopic and macroscopic characteristics. The remaining strains which did not have spores or have sterile mycelium were given codes as unidentified species (UID). The ethyl acetate extracts of the pure isolated endophytic fungi were prepared from fungal material and culture media. Antimicrobial activity using agar diffusion well against different pathogenic microbes at 500 µg/ml concentration and MTT cytotoxicity bioassay using African green monkey kidney normal cell line (vero cell line) were performed for all extracts. The extracts were then screened for the presence of Taxol, a diterpene anticancer drug, using different chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. The antimicrobial activity against the most common pathogenic bacteria and fungi revealed significant activity with inhibition zone range between 14- 37 mm compare to antimicrobial controls 17- 26 mm at 40µg/ml. The cytotoxicity assay results showed that the IC50 values were quite diverse, ranging from 3.5 μg/ml to more than 1000 μg/ml, whereas that of the positive control podophyllotoxin, a wellknown cytotoxic lignan, was 2.72 μg/ml. Taxol was detected in reference to standard one from the extract of unidentified fungi No. 10 of Kigelia africana,. Future work will focus on the bioassay guidedfractionation of potent bioactive extracts to isolate the active compounds responsible for their activities. Improvement of culture techniques and the application of genetic engineering to increase taxol production will be carried out, followed by isolation of pure Taxol from the active crude extract.
Screening for cytotoxic activity of Habenaria longicorniculata J graham tubers- an in-vitro study
Authors: Satish BN , V Mallya Suma , Vishwanatha Dr.
Published: February 2021

About: Habenaria longicorniculata J. Graham are tuberous orchid, the tubers utilized by flok healers in cancer managemnet, as a rejuvenator. A study has been planned to evaluate In-vitro cytotoxicity of tuber extract against selected cell lines. Materials and Methods: H. longicorniculata J.Graham identified, uprooted during their flowering time. Tuber extract of this plant used for its In-vitro cytotoxicity against selected cell lines of Human Breast cancer (MCF 7), Human Liver carcinoma (HepG2), and Human cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cells as per standard protocol. Results: Tuber Extract exhibited a CTC50 value of >1000 on MCF 7, HepG2 and HeLa cell lines. The results from the MTT assay indicate that 72hr extract incubation with the combined extracts is toxic to the cells and the level of damage is concentration dependent.
Anti-nociceptive potentials of methanol extract of Cassia alata in experimental animals
Authors: Negedu Muhammed Nafiu , Odoma Saidi , Owemidu Idowu Olumorin , Atede Catherine , Momoh Sanni
Published: February 2021

Cassia alata has been used as an agent for wound healing, anti-bacteria and pain in African traditional medicine. In this study, we aim to investigate the anti- nociceptive properties of Cassia alata to scientifically justify this folkloric claim. Thermal (tail flick test) and chemical (acetic acid induced writhing test) models of nociception were employed, animals were divided into five groups (n=5), the control group was treated with 1 mL/kg of distilled water, reference group received Tramadol 50 mg/kg, while the test groups received graded doses (125,250 and 500 mg/kg) plant extract. The extract produced dose dependent inhibition of the acetic acid in the chemical test. In the thermal test, the extract also dose dependently increased the withdrawal latency as compared to the control. This study showed that the methanol extract of Casia alata leaf produced anti-nociception in models of chemical and thermal pain which justifies its folkloric claim for the treatment of pain.
Data Analysis Tools: Essential for Scientific Community
Authors: Baniya Chitra B
Published: February 2021

Data analysis tools and software have been increasing each day in the academic field. They were classified into two categories: one category of statistical tool that needs money to buy its licence to use and install into owns computer. Such software are called closed software. Another category of tool or software is called open source tool or open software. This later group comes freely and one can get licence freely. Academicians are free to choose one. Definitely 'R' and its associated tools which we can download freely and use freely has no better alternatives. 'R' users have been increasing rampantly these days in this world.
Ethno-Medicine Practiced by Magar People in Tahoon Palpa, Nepal
Authors: Rana Hira B , K.C. Shristi
Published: February 2021

The present research work seeks to explore ethno-medicinal plants and animals used by the Magar people in Tahoon Palpa for primary healthcare. A total of 48 medicinal plant species belonging to 34 families and 48 genera, and 10 animal species belonging to 10 families and eight orders, have been recorded from the study area. The most dominant families of plants belonged to Eurphorbiaceae, Gramineae, Leguminosae and Liliaceae (3 species in each). The main medicinal plant species were Adhatoda vasica (Nees), Cannabis sativa (Linnaeus), Artimisia vulgaris (Linnaeus), Terminalia chebula (Retz), Terminalia bellirica (Roxb), Phyllanthus emblica (Linnaeus), Ocimum sanctum (Linnaeus), Bauhinia variegate (Linnaeus), Mentha spicata (Linnaeus), Zanthoxylum armatum (DC.), Acorus calmus (Linnaeus), Euphorbia hirta (Linnaeus), Azadirachta indica (A. Juss), etc. while animal species were Achaearanea tepidariorum (C.L. Koch), Potamon fluviatile (Herbst), Passer domesticus (Linnaeus), Canis aureus (Linnaeus), Apis cerena (Fabricius), Limax flavus (Linnaeus) etc. In the study area the local people mostly use plant species to treat cuts, wounds, stomach problem, cough, fever, dysentery etc., while animal products were used for typhoid, bone fracture, intestinal problems, piles, rheumatism, cough etc. This paper recommends to the implementation of conservation activities such as awareness to the locals, appropriate management and initiating scientific research to ensure a minimum viable population of the medicinal flora and fauna.
Bacterial and Crustacean Diseases Reported from Fishes Cultured in Ponds of Begnas, Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Mandal Ram B , Paudel Sarada
Published: February 2021

Present study surveyed fish diseases in ponds of Begnas area in Pokhara Valley, Nepal. The fishes were collected with the help of the local fishermen and were examined under compound microscope in the laboratory of Pokhara Fisheries Research Centre, Begnas. Two fish diseases, Tail rot and Arugulosis were reported of which later was dominant.
Sistemas de fenotipado para la evaluación de las respuestas al estrés salino en Lotus
Authors: Quero Gastón Eduardo , Borsani Omar , Gutiérrez Lucía , Melchiorre Mariana , Monza Jorge , Lascano Ramiro
Published: February 2021

La tolerancia al estrés salino es un carácter complejo determinado por la sumatoria de los efectos de numerosos genes, cuya identificación es necesaria para la definición de estrategias de mejoramiento. En este sentido, el uso de plantas modelo genotipadas y la disponibilidad de métodos de fenotipado masivo son útiles para asistir a los programas de mejoramiento. Lotus japonicus (Regel) K. Larsen es un modelo de leguminosa con nodulación determinada, que puede ser utilizada en la identificación de determinantes genéticos en programas de mejoramiento de Lotus y otras leguminosas forrajeras. En este trabajo, para establecer un sistema de cultivo adecuado para el fenotipado masivo, se compararon cuatro sistemas experimentales para evaluar respuestas a estrés salino: placas, pouch, hidroponía y macetas. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron elegir el sistema de hidroponía como el más adecuado para evaluar el estrés salino, dado que se pudieron establecer diferencias en las respuestas fisiológicas basadas en parámetros de crecimiento y desarrollo en los genotipos Lotus japonicus Gifu y Lotus burttii. Además, el sistema de hidroponía permitió discriminar respuestas en una población de líneas recombinantes puras (RILs), producto del cruzamiento de Lotus japonicus Gifu x Lotus burttii. Contar con un sistema de cultivo que permita realizar de manera precisa el fenotipado masivo de plantas, es necesario para identificar regiones del genoma implicadas en las respuestas a estrés salino.
Resistencia a la marchitez bacteriana de la papa en Solanum commersonii Dun.
Authors: González Matías , Galván Guillermo , Siri María Inés , Borges Alejandra , Vilaró Francisco
Published: February 2021

Los niveles de resistencia a la marchitez bacteriana (MB) de la papa causada por Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs) son limitados. Solanum commersonii (cmm) es una especie silvestre destacada por su resistencia a MB. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron (i) caracterizar genotipos de cmm para resistencia a Rs (raza 3, biovar 2) utilizando un método de inoculación en suelo, (ii) determinar en qué medida la resistencia de cmm es transmisible por vía sexual en un trasfondo genético susceptible, y (iii) determinar la relación entre un grupo de cepas de Rs raza 3 biovar 2 y genotipos de cmm en la expresión de la resistencia. Se utilizó una metodología de inoculación en suelo bajo condiciones de temperatura y luz controladas. Para genotipos de cmm colectados en distintas regiones de Uruguay, se encontró variabilidad en la resistencia a MB, desde respuesta asintomática en algunos genotipos hasta síntomas en nivel similar al control susceptible. Mediante el cruzamiento de dos genotipos de cmm con respuestas contrastantes a MB se obtuvo una progenie de 121 genotipos. La distribución de los niveles de resistencia en la progenie indicaría un control poligénico, aunque esta conclusión es preliminar, ya que se encontró que uno de los parentales era triploide. Un ensayo factorial utilizando cinco cepas de Rs aisladas en Uruguay y cinco genotipos de cmm, reveló diferencias en la virulencia entre cepas. No se observó interacción entre genotipo y cepa, por lo que en las condiciones de este trabajo la resistencia no fue dependiente del aislamiento del patógeno.
Musca domestica as a Host for Mass Rearing of Parasitoid Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
Authors: Zaché Bruno , Zaché Ronelza Rodrigues da Costa , Murici Carlos Candelária , Carlos Frederico Wilcken
Published: February 2021

Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae), is a potential mechanical vector of etiological agents such as viruses, bacteria, protozoan cysts and larvae of helminthes. It has shown potential as an alternative host for the mass raising of parasitoids. Studies demonstrate the possibility of producing large quantities of hosts in a small space and a short time. Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is a potential parasitoid for insects of different orders. This is the first report of P. elaeisis parasitizing pupae of Musca domestica in Brazil.
Avances en el conocimiento de la vaca lechera durante el período de transición en Uruguay: un enfoque multidisciplinario
Authors: Meikle Ana , Cavestany Daniel , Carriquiry Mariana , Adrien María de Lourdes , Artegoitia Virginia , Pereira Isabel , Ruprechter Gretel , Pessina Paula , Rama Gonzalo , Fernández Andrea , Breijo Martín , Laborde Daniel , Pritsch Otto , Ramos Juan Manuel , de Torres Elena , Nicolini Paula , Mendoza Alejandro , Dutour Joaquín , Fajardo Maite , Astessiano Ana Laura , Olazábal Laura , Mattiauda Diego , Chilibroste Pablo
Published: February 2021

La transición del estado preñada no lactante al no preñado lactante es un período de cambios drásticos para la vaca, la cual debe adaptar su metabolismo a las fuertes exigencias que le demanda la producción. Del equilibrio con que la vaca resuelva este proceso dependerá la capacidad de maximizar la producción y la calidad de la leche, de evitar enfermedades metabólicas y asegurar la siguiente preñez. La mejora nutricional, la selección genética y el manejo animal han aumentado la producción de leche en las últimas décadas, y esto se asocia a una disminución del desempeño reproductivo y al aumento de problemas sanitarios. Esta revisión resume trabajos realizados en los últimos años en Uruguay, enfatizando en el manejo diferencial de nutrientes, la respuesta en comportamiento ingestivo, los mecanismos endocrino-moleculares de la partición de nutrientes y su relación con la fertilidad en vacas lecheras. Se reportan experimentos que estudian la eficiencia productiva de diferentes biotipos lecheros y razas. Se describen trabajos en salud que identifican el período de transición como período de riesgo a enfermedades metabólicas, infecto-contagiosas y traumáticas. Se concluye que los estudios integrados en problemas de relevancia nacional es la respuesta necesaria a sistemas biológicos complejos como lo es la vaca lechera durante el período de transición en pastoreo.
Asociativismo: la experiencia de los productores de la Colonia «Juan Gutiérrez» en Paysandú
Authors: Courdin Virginia
Published: February 2021

En Uruguay, desde comienzos de los años 2000, se desarrollan cambios en el sector agropecuario vinculados a la explosión de la agricultura de secano y a un nuevo impulso de la producción forestal, que afectan la sustentabilidad de las pequeñas y medianas explotaciones ganaderas. Frente a este escenario, muchos productores familiares se plantean acudir a estrategias asociativas para superar sus limitantes de escala y mejorar su inserción en el mercado, dados los contextos altamente competitivos y cambiantes de la economía nacional e internacional. En los últimos años, esta estrategia ha sido impulsada a nivel nacional desde los organismos públicos principalmente. Sin embargo, en la práctica se advierten inconvenientes que obstaculizan su adopción y/o llevan al fracaso de su implementación. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comprender una de las diferentes formas asociativas desarrolladas por productores familiares en Uruguay, e identificar cuáles son las principales ventajas y dificultades que comúnmente enfrenta este tipo de emprendimiento. Se realizó un estudio de caso, efectuando entrevistas semi-estructuradas a diferentes actores, constatando que la experiencia constituye un proceso de aprendizaje individual y colectivo. Se destaca que el éxito de la experiencia radicó en el nivel de confianza alcanzado por los integrantes. Se concluye que existe la necesidad de diseñar estrategias colectivas, no solo para desarrollar ventajas competitivas individuales y conjuntas, sino como estrategia de desarrollo rural.
Efecto de las deficiencias hídricas en diferentes etapas de desarrollo sobre el rendimiento de soja
Authors: Giménez Luis
Published: February 2021

La soja [Glycine max (L.) Merill.] es el principal cultivo del país, se realiza en secano y los rendimientos obtenidos son inferiores a los de la región. Las deficiencias hídricas son la principal limitante de los ambientes de producción, las mismas afectan el rendimiento por la disminución en la acumulación de materia seca y por los efectos negativos en la fijación biológica de N2. Se desarrollaron dos ensayos en años consecutivos con características climáticas contrastantes. El objetivo fue cuantificar las pérdidas de rendimiento provocadas por deficiencias hídricas en diferentes etapas de desarrollo. Se evaluaron cuatro tratamientos: sin deficiencias hídricas (T1), deficiencias durante el periodo crítico (PC, T2), deficiencias en las etapas no críticas previas al PC (T3) y secano (T4). Las deficiencias se generaron por intercepción de las precipitaciones (PP) a través de la utilización de simuladores de sequía y el bienestar hídrico se logró con riego suplementario. Las deficiencias hídricas durante el PC provocaron diferencias significativas y diminuciones del rendimiento de 44 a 50 %. El estrés hídrico en las etapas previas al PC no generó diferencias estadísticas y provocó pérdidas de 23 %. Los rendimientos sin deficiencia shídricas en el primer y segundo año duplicaron y triplicaron a los promedios del país. Las pérdidas de rendimiento por deficiencias hídricas y los rendimientos sin deficiencias justifican evaluar diferentes estrategias de manejo del agua de riego.
Caracterización del uso/cobertura del suelo en Uruguay a partir de series temporales de imágenes MODIS
Authors: Baeza Santiago , Baldassini Pablo , Bagnato Camilo , Pinto Priscila , Paruelo José
Published: February 2021

La distribución espacial del uso/cobertura del suelo es el principal control de la dinámica de la energía, carbono y agua; tiene también enorme importancia en el monitoreo del ambiente y en la toma de decisiones del sector productivo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar clasificaciones rápidas y de bajo costo del uso/cobertura del suelo en Uruguay. Las clasificaciones fueron realizadas mediante árboles de decisión, utilizando información fenológica de los diferentes usos/coberturas del suelo obtenida a partir series temporales de IVN- MODIS (Índice de Vegetación de Diferencia Normalizada) (período: mayo 2011- marzo 2012), datos de campo e imágenes de alta resolución espacial (Landsat) para la identificación de lotes «puros» (pertenecientes a una única clase de uso/cobertura del suelo). Se clasificaron 1,7x107 hectáreas, discriminando cuatro grandes categorías: Recursos Forrajeros Perennes, Forestación y Monte, Cultivos de Verano y Doble Cultivo. Estas ocuparon respectivamente el 63,6, 13,1, 14,3 y 7,4 % de la superficie cartografiada. La exactitud global del mapa fue alta (89,6 %) y la clase con menor exactitud fue Cultivos de Verano (85,8%). La clasificación realizada es una de las primeras descripciones de uso/cobertura del suelo que cubre todo el territorio uruguayo y que presenta altos niveles de exactitud. Los resultados muestran una disminución muy importante en los recursos forrajeros ocurrida en los últimos años fundamentalmente debido al avance de la frontera agrícola. El método utilizado es una alternativa rápida, repetible, evaluable y de bajo costo para describir el uso/cobertura del suelo sobre áreas extensas y monitorear su cambio a lo largo del tiempo.
Relevance on islamic principle law with application at the field: review of islamic banking publication in Indonesia
Authors: Hendriarto Prasetyono
Published: February 2021

This paper evaluates the principles, relevance, and usefulness of Islamic banking law in implementing Islamic banks' administrative system. Islamic sharia law has become a source of law in several Islamic countries. Sharia law comes from the Islamic religion, which must be applied in many sectors, including the banking system. The goal is to improve kaffah Islamic teachings in aspects of life by adhering to the Koran, a concept to be applied to many systems. Although this banking system has become a fundamental law, studies are still needed to determine the relevance, principles, and application of Islamic banking law with application in the field to see the advantages and disadvantages. An in-depth data analysis process was carried out, which included data coding, critical interpretation, and evaluation that matched the findings with the discussion topic and determined the findings' validity and reliability. Based on the literature, the findings of this study confirm that Islamic banking law has been applied correctly in the context of administrative services in the field because of the effectiveness and vision of the ummah in the context of concepts, principles, and field application; assisting public financial services in Islamic countries.
Infusing Diversity into an Entry Level Psychology Course
Authors: Fallahi Carolyn Ruth
Published: February 2021

Life Span Development is a required course for majors in psychology and a general education elective for students at large at our university. This article follows the journey of a redesign project that focused on infusing diversity into both small and large lecture classes, with emphases on both course content and pedagogy.
STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF PARAMETERS TECHNOLOGICAL SCHEMES OF EXCAVATION ON THE SUSTAINABILITY OF MINE ROADWAYS WHEN IMPLEMENTING THE CONCEPT OF «SMALL MINES»
Authors:   Donetsk National Technical University, Sakhno Svitlana , Borodich Victoria , Karlov Yevhen
Published: February 2021

Purpose. Investigation of the influence of the parameters of technological schemes of coal mining on the stress-strain state of the rocks containing the mine roadways in the implementation of the concept of «small mines». Methods. The study used the finite element method and the analysis method. Modeling was carried out by the method of dangerous sections. According to the first variant of the technological scheme, two dangerous sections were selected, according to the second – four. The solution of the problem was carried out in a volumetric setting with observance of the boundary conditions. Results. The analysis of the stress-strain state of the rocks around mine roadways, according to the compared options, made it possible to determine the expected state of the rocks and establish the parameters of the zones of possible destruction. From the point of view of rock stability at the stage of elastoplastic deformation of rocks, the compared options are almost equivalent. Taking into account the shorter time of maintenance of roadways, it is more expedient to use short longwalls. In this version, trapezoidal support is used as the main fastening in the roadways, and in the “traditional” version – metal arch support. It is shown that with significantly lower costs for maintaining mine roadways, their stability when using short-longwall technological schemes is better. The studies carried out make it possible to assert that for “small mines” with small production, technological schemes with short longwalls are more appropriate than the “traditional” technological schemes developed for complex mechanization. Scientific novelty. The study of the stress-strain state of rocks around mine roadways of various shapes and sizes during the analysis of technological schemes for coal mining with short longwalls made it possible to establish the orientation and parameters of the massif sections that pass into an out-of-bounds state. This was done for the first time for the conditions of the Ukrainian Donbass. Practical significance. The availability of information about the expected stress-strain state of the rock mass allows timely planning of methods of fastening and measures to increase the local stability of rocks. Keywords: stresses, deformations, development, coal mine, technological schemes of excavation.
‘We Were Refugees and Carried a Special Burden’
Authors: Siegel Björn
Published: February 2021

By using the example of Jewish immigration to São Paulo in the 1930s and 1940s and analysing the history of the Congregação Israelita Paulista (CIP) under the leadership of Fritz Pinkuss, this article shows how emotions were used in different ways. Such an approach gives new insight into the complexity of migration history. The Brazilian government under Gétulio Vargas openly embraced emotional mobilisation against ‘Semites’ and ‘foreigners’, and in so doing wanted to introduce a new understanding of the nation and secure their political influence. At the same time, Pinkuss also used emotions in his communal policies to establish a new religious union, a new form of inclusion and solidarity in the Jewish community. By transferring German Jewish traditions to Brazil and emphasising their flexibility, Pinkuss not only created a new emotional bond, but also laid the ground for integration of the émigré community into Brazilian society.