bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construct Development for the FocaL Adult Gambling Screen (FLAGS): A Risk Measurement for Gambling Harm and Problem Gambling Associated with Electronic Gambling Machines
Authors: Schellinck Tony , Schrans Tracy , Schellinck Heather , Bliemel Michael
Published: May 2015

This is the first of two papers describing the development of the FocaL Adult Gambling Screen for Electronic Gambling Machine players (FLAGS-EGM). FLAGS-EGM is a measurement approach for identifying gambling risk, a tool that incorporates separate reflective and formative constructs into a single instrument. A set of statements was developed that captured ten constructs associated with gambling risk or which were considered components of problem gambling. Following completion of focus groups with regular slot players, a survey with the reduced set of statements was then administered to a sample of 374 casino slot players in Ontario, Canada. Nine of the proposed constructs passed tests for reliability and validity (Risky Cognitions Beliefs, Risky Cognitions Motives, Preoccupation Desire, Risky Practices Earlier, Risky Practices Later, Impaired Control Continue a Session, Impaired Control Begin a Session, Negative Consequences, and Persistence). A tenth construct (Preoccupation Obsession) requires further development through the addition of improved statements.
Les comportements violents: comparaison des couples selon que l'homme est perçu ou non par sa conjointe comme un joueur problèmatique
Authors: Goulet Annie , Giroux Isabelle
Published: May 2015

Marital problems, reported by a vast majority of problem gamblers, could worsen into violent behaviors. The purpose of this study consists of comparing couples in which the woman perceives her partner as a problem gambler with couples in which the partner is perceived as a non-problem gambler regarding dimensions and severity of violent behaviors inflicted and experienced by the women. Telephone interviews were conducted with 156 participants, 54 of which were in a relationship with a perceived problem gambler. Results indicated that more women with a perceived problem gambler partner report committing behaviors of physical violence and severe forms of psychological/verbal violence, compared with those whose partner is not perceived as a problem gambler. A greater number of these women were also victim of physical and psychological/verbal violence and of severe forms of these types of violence. In the long term, a better understanding of violence among these couples will provide guidelines to adapt interventions offered to gamblers and their relatives.
The Visigoths in the Time of Ulfila
Authors: Thompson E.A.
Published: May 2015

Ulfila was a fourth-century Christian bishop and missionary who first brought Christianity to the Goths. He is credited with having created the Gothic alphabet, and he wrote the earliest translation of the Bible into a Germanic language. In this classic and still valuable short study of early Christianity among the Goths, E.A. Thompson first described the background to the Visigoths' conversion from paganism, discussing their material culture, relations with the Roman Empire, social organization and religion. He went on to detail the conversion and its aftermath and to assess Ulfila's achievement in the earliest history of Christianity among the Germanic people. This second edition includes a new Foreword with additional bibliography by Michael Kulikowski, University of Tenessee, and an additional Appendix: ‘The Life of St Saba’, translated and annotated by John Matthews, Yale University.
Towards an Existential Pluralism: the Philosophy of Etienne Souriau
Authors: Noske Catherine
Published: May 2015

Various academics have, over the last five years, challenged practices of criticism in Australian cultural studies. Paul Carter, Ross Gibson and Stephen Muecke have all offered transgressive and dynamic practices, engaging with speculative and experimental ways of thinking. But how can such speculation be supported and contextualised in critical debate? Muecke in particular draws from a background of Continental philosophy in constructing his critical practice. He is influenced by the work of Bruno Latour and Etienne Souriau. The latter is a largely forgotten French philosopher, untranslated in English. He offers a theory of existential pluralism, suggesting the multiplicity of modes of existence and exploring the nature of relation between them. Developing an understanding of his philosophy can help contextualise Muecke’s work, and potentially contribute to this critical movement more generally.
Cultural Studies and the Limits of Cosmopolitical Theory
Authors: Gall Adam
Published: May 2015

A review of Rosi Braidotti, Patrick Hanafin and Bolette Blaagaard (eds), After Cosmopolitanism (Routledge, 2013).
Miscegenation and Intimacy
Authors: Cooms Valerie
Published: May 2015

A review of Fiona Probyn-Rapsey, Made to Matter: White Fathers, Stolen Generations (Sydney University Press, 2013).
Getting into the Spirit of Things
Authors: Knox Sara
Published: May 2015

A review of Olu Jenzen and Sally R. Munt (eds), The Ashgate Research Companion to Paranormal Cultures (Ashgate, 2013).
Modern Dreamers
Authors: Summers-Bremner Eluned
Published: May 2015

A review of Helen Groth and Natalya Lusty, Dreams and Modernity: A Cultural History (Routledge, 2013).
Degrees of Proximity in the Age of HIV
Authors: Herkt David
Published: May 2015

A reivew of David Caron, The Nearness of Others; Searching for tact and contact in the age of HIV (University of Minnesota Press, 2014).
Serial Cities: Australian Literary Cities and the Rhetoric of Scale
Authors: Rooney Brigid
Published: May 2015

A review essay of New South Books' 'City Series': Sophie Cunningham, Melbourne (2011)Matthew Condon, Brisbane (2010)Paul Daley, Canberra (2012)Delia Falconer, Sydney (2010)Kerryn Goldsworthy, Adelaide (2011)Eleanor Hogan, Alice Springs (2012)Tess Lea, Darwin (2014)Peter Timms, In Search of Hobart (2012)David Whish-Wilson, Perth (2013)
What is Same but Different and why does it matter?
Authors: Biddle Jennifer , Stefanoff Lisa
Published: May 2015

A detailed outline of the Same but Different Desert Art forums held in Alice Springs in 2012 and 2013, and an introduction to the essays, interviews, films and images that make up the 'Same but Different' section of this issue of CSR.
Milpirri: Jennifer Biddle in Discussion with Tracks Dance Company
Authors: Newth Tim , McMicken David , Biddle Jennifer
Published: May 2015

Jennifer Biddle interviews the artistic directors of Tracks Dance Company, Tim Newth and David McMicken, about the company's ongoing involvement in the Milpirri festival.
Tangentyere Artists: Continuity, Contemporaneity and Inconvenient Art Practice
Authors: O'Connor Sue , Boko Margaret , Daniels Louise , Mulda Sally M.
Published: May 2015

Tangentyere Artists is an Aboriginal owned and directed art centre that represents urban and regional artists from eighteen Alice Springs town camp communities and beyond.In this article, artists from  Tangentyere discuss their work.
Paarpakani: Take Flight
Authors: Desert Weavers Tjanpi
Published: May 2015

Tjanpi Desert Weavers is the dynamic social enterprise of the Ngaanyatjarra, Pitjantjatjara, Yankunytjatjara (NPY) Women’s Council.  Tjanpi (meaning locally harvested wild grasses) began in 1995 as a series of basket-making workshops facilitated by NPY Women’s Council in the Ngaanyatjarra Lands of Western Australia. Women wanted meaningful and culturally appropriate employment on their homelands to better provide for their families. Building upon a long history of using natural fibres to make objects for ceremonial and daily use, women took quickly to coiled basketry and were soon sharing their newly found skills with relatives and friends on neighbouring communities.
A case study of formation and maintenance of a lower stratospheric cirrus cloud over the tropics
Authors: Sandhya M. , Sridharan S. , Indira Devi M. , Niranjan K. , Jayaraman A.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. A rare occurrence of stratospheric cirrus at 18.6 km height persisting for about 5 days during 3–7 March 2014 is inferred from the ground-based Mie lidar observations over Gadanki (13.5° N, 79.2° E) and spaceborne observations. Due to the vertical transport by large updrafts on 3 March in the troposphere, triggered by a potential vorticity intrusion, the water vapour mixing ratio shows an increase around the height of 18.6 km. Relative humidity with respect to ice is ~ 150%, indicating that the cirrus cloud may be formed though homogeneous nucleation of sulfuric acid. The cirrus cloud persists due to the cold anomaly associated with the presence of a 4-day wave.
COSC-1 – drilling of a subduction-related allochthon in the Palaeozoic Caledonide orogen of Scandinavia
Authors: Lorenz H. , Rosberg J.-E. , Juhlin C. , Bjelm L. , Almqvist B. S. G. , Berthet T. , Conze R. , Gee D. G. , Klonowska I. , Pascal C. , Pedersen K. , Roberts N. M. W. , Tsang C.-F.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. The Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides (COSC) scientific drilling project focuses on mountain building processes in a major mid-Palaeozoic orogen in western Scandinavia and its comparison with modern analogues. The project investigates the subduction-generated Seve Nape Complex. These in part under ultra-high-pressure conditions metamorphosed outer continental margin and continent–ocean transition zone assemblages were emplaced onto the Baltoscandian platform and there influenced the underlying allochthons and the basement. COSC-1 is the first of two ca. 2.5 km deep, fully cored drill holes located in the vicinity of the abandoned Fröå mine, close to the town of Åre in Jämtland, central Sweden. It sampled a thick section of the lower part of the Seve Complex and was planned to penetrate its basal thrust zone into the underlying lower-grade metamorphosed allochthon. The drill hole reached a depth of 2495.8 m and nearly 100 % core recovery was achieved. Although planning was based on existing geological mapping and new high-resolution seismic surveys, the drilling resulted in some surprises: the Lower Seve Nappe proved to be composed of rather homogenous gneisses, with only subordinate mafic bodies, and its basal thrust zone was unexpectedly thick (> 800 m). The drill hole did not penetrate the bottom of the thrust zone. However, lower-grade metasedimentary rocks were encountered in the lowermost part of the drill hole together with garnetiferous mylonites tens of metres thick. The tectonostratigraphic position is still unclear, and geological and geophysical interpretations are under revision. The compact gneisses host only eight fluid conducting zones of limited transmissivity between 300 m and total depth. Downhole measurements suggest an uncorrected average geothermal gradient of ~ 20 °C km−1. This paper summarizes the operations and preliminary results from COSC-1 (ICDP 5054-1-A), drilled from early May to late August 2014, and is complemented by a detailed operational report and the data repository.
Workshop to develop deep-life continental scientific drilling projects
Authors: Kieft T. L. , Onstott T. C. , Ahonen L. , Aloisi V. , Colwell F. S. , Engelen B. , Fendrihan S. , Gaidos E. , Harms U. , Head I. , Kallmeyer J. , Kiel Reese B. , Lin L.-H. , Long P. E. , Moser D. P. , Mills H. , Sar P. , Schulze-Makuch D. , Stan-Lotter H. , Wagner D. , Wang P.-L. , Westall F. , Wilkins M. J.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. The International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) has long espoused studies of deep subsurface life, and has targeted fundamental questions regarding subsurface life, including the following: "(1) What is the extent and diversity of deep microbial life and what are the factors limiting it? (2) What are the types of metabolism/carbon/energy sources and the rates of subsurface activity? (3) How is deep microbial life adapted to subsurface conditions? (4) How do subsurface microbial communities affect energy resources? And (5) how does the deep biosphere interact with the geosphere and atmosphere?" (Horsfield et al., 2014) Many ICDP-sponsored drilling projects have included a deep-life component; however, to date, not one project has been driven by deep-life goals, in part because geomicrobiologists have been slow to initiate deep biosphere-driven ICDP projects. Therefore, the Deep Carbon Observatory (DCO) recently partnered with the ICDP to sponsor a workshop with the specific aim of gathering potential proponents for deep-life-driven ICDP projects and ideas for candidate drilling sites. Twenty-two participants from nine countries proposed projects and sites that included compressional and extensional tectonic environments, evaporites, hydrocarbon-rich shales, flood basalts, Precambrian shield rocks, subglacial and subpermafrost environments, active volcano–tectonic systems, megafan deltas, and serpentinizing ultramafic environments. The criteria and requirements for successful ICDP applications were presented. Deep-life-specific technical requirements were discussed and it was concluded that, while these procedures require adequate planning, they are entirely compatible with the sampling needs of other disciplines. As a result of this workshop, one drilling workshop proposal on the Basin and Range Physiographic Province (BRPP) has been submitted to the ICDP, and several other drilling project proponents plan to submit proposals for ICDP-sponsored drilling workshops in 2016.
Causatividad y construcciones con verbo soporte en latín: el ejemplo de "poena afficere"
Authors: Mendózar Cruz Juan
Published: May 2015

En este trabajo nos proponemos analizar la colocación latina poena afficere, ‘imponer un castigo’, un tipo de colocación con especificidades tanto sintácticas como semánticas que la distinguen de las construcciones verbo-nominales más prototípicas: el sustantivo predicativo funciona no como Objeto Directo sino como tercer argumento del verbo soporte, un esquema sintáctico que, como intentaremos demostrar, resulta ideal para la expresión de predicados causativos. De los ejemplos documentados de poena afficere en un amplio corpus de textos, intentaremos destacar las principales características de este tipo de colocación. Para su descripción y formalización nos serviremos del marco teórico propuesto por la Teoría Sentido-Texto.
Estudio filológico-literario comparativo del relato del funeral de Augusto contado por el biógrafo Suetonio (Aug.100) y por el historiador Tácito (Ann.1. 8-10).
Authors: Valcárcel Martínez Vitalino
Published: May 2015

Este trabajo se propone el análisis comparativo, bajo el punto de vista filológico y literario, del relato del funeral de Augusto en el biógrafo Suetonio (Aug.100) y en el historiador Tácito (Ann.1.8-10). En primer lugar se remarca la importancia política y social del funus publicum en Roma, objeto del relato. Sigue un detenido y minucioso análisis en el que se trata de poner de relieve las semejanzas y, sobre todo, las diferencias entre el relato de Suetonio y el de Tácito en cuanto a los datos aportados, la secuenciación de los mismos y, especialmente, en cuanto a la focalización que sobre ellos y sobre el conjunto del relato muestran uno y otro autor. Finalmente se trata de explicar las diferencias, importantes, entre ambos relatos en virtud del género literario (biografía-historia), de la intención y propósito concretos de cada una de las dos obras (Vita Augusti de Suetonio y Annales de Tácito) y de la distinta personalidad intelectual de cada uno de los dos autores.
El poema "De Iulio aucupe" de Juan de Verzosa
Authors: Del Pino González Eduardo
Published: May 2015

Presento aquí un poema del humanista hispano-latino Juan de Verzosa. El texto fue enviado por el autor en 1555, junto con una carta, a Jerónimo Zurita, y se conserva actualmente en la Biblioteca de la Real Academia de la Historia de Madrid (Ms.9/112, fols.535-536). Aparentemente trata de un amigo del autor llamado Julio aficionado a la caza de aves. Pero la lectura del poema a la luz de las Epístolas de Verzosa permite entrever la intención última del autor e incluso quién fue el ‘cazador’ Julio aludido.
"Le serment de Procné" (Jean Geschwin, 1962): una alegoría dramática de los horrores de la guerra
Authors: Martín Rodríguez Antonio María
Published: May 2015

Análisis de la tragedia legendaria en tres actos publicada en 1962 por el dramaturgo francés Jean Geschwin, en la que, a partir de una original recreación del mito de Progne y Filomela, se expresa la preocupación y el desasosiego provocados por las dos décadas de sangrientos conflictos bélicos casi ininterrumpidos que estaban desgarrando a Francia.
An Investigation of The Factors That Influence The Perception of Small and Medium Sized Business Employees and Owners on Accounting Information Systems in Jordan
Authors: Shaddad Osama , Alfawa'rah Nawwaf , Alqaied Bader , Shawaqfeh George
Published: May 2015

The study investigates the perceptions that small and medium sized businesses in Amman( Jordan) have towards the adoption of accounting information systems. The literature review reveals that performance and productivity are not directly influenced by accounting information systems. The research paper uses a cross sectional survey design with an interview to collect data. The study is limited to Amman (Jordan) due to monetary and time restrictions. The research paper reveals that the size of the organization and the education level influence the perception of survival without accounting information systems, while the size and position of the respondents determine influences the perception of cost in an organization.
Structural Modeling for the Relationship of Organizational Wisdom and Strategic Intelligence
Authors: Pourdjam Mohammad , Siadat Sayed-Ali , Rajaeepour Saeed
Published: May 2015

Following the shift from strategic management, there have been signs of a modern approach with the mission of making the management of organizations wise. The present study was done with the purpose of modeling the present situation of the relationship of organizational wisdom and strategic intelligence in the Iranian University of Applied Science and Technology in 2014. This study, based on the typological criteria of research designs, is a compound, uninterrupted multiple phase, qualitative, quantitative start-over study. The research population was the all employees including 591 participants, and a sample size of 236 people was estimated and was selected through stratified random selection based on the size. The instrument for collecting data was a researcher-made questionnaire with 108 items based on 5-point Likert scale. The Cronbach's coefficient was calculated to be 0.93. And the questionnaire possessed content and construct validity. The collected data was analyzed using the statistical methods of stepwise regressions and path analysis of the structural equation based on the regression coefficients and fitting model indices. The findings showed that based on the researcher-made model using the frequent components in the study literature, organizational wisdom is in a significant relationship with strategic intelligence 
The competitive advantage of the Tunisian palm date sector in the Mediterranean region
Authors: Ben-Amor Rihab , Aguayo Encarnación , De Miguel-Gómez M. Dolores
Published: May 2015

In Tunisia, date-palm cultivation and production are of clear strategic importance in terms of economic, social and environmental development. However, the globalization of markets has had a huge impact on the traditional concept of the comparative advantage enjoyed by Tunisia in date exports, highlighting the necessary determinants for competitiveness in the international scenario. In fact, an analysis of the competitive advantage of the Tunisian date industry in the Mediterranean area and Iran over the last 20 years shows that Tunisia is still the main supplier of dates to the EU. The Deglet-Nour variety, in particular, puts Tunisia ahead of traditional competitors such as Algeria and Iran, with average of competitiveness indices as BIS 6405.99, DI 17.38, CMS 41.04 and TBI 99.50 are more stable than those countries during the studied period. But it is currently facing new competitors like Israel and re-exporting countries like France. New business strategies (conditioning, new non-chemical treatments, packing, opening new markets, new distribution channels) would be positive responses to tackle current market limitations, the emergence of new producers and restrictive EU policies.
Description of the airflow produced by an air-assisted sprayer during pesticide applications to citrus
Authors: Salcedo Ramon , Garcera Cruz , Granell Rafael , Molto Enrique , Chueca Patricia
Published: May 2015

Atmospheric drift of plant protection products is considered a major source of air pollution during pesticide applications. Citrus protection against pests and diseases usually requires application of these products using air-blast sprayers. Many authors have emphasized the influence of vegetation on the risk of spray drift. The aim of this work was to describe in detail how the airflow from an air-blast sprayer behaves when it reaches citrus trees and, in particular, the effect that the tree canopy has on this flow. Tests were conducted at a commercial citrus orchard with conventional machinery, placed parallel to a row of trees. Air velocity and direction was measured using a 3D ultrasonic anemometer in 225 points situated in three parallel planes perpendicular to the equipment. The stability of the airflow at each measuring point was studied and the mean velocities were graphically represented. Two vortexes, one behind the canopy, and another over the tree, have been deducted and never been reported before. Both may have an important influence on the trajectories of the sprayed droplets and, as a consequence, on the way in which plant protection products are diffused into the atmosphere. Observed turbulence intensities were higher than in similar experiments conducted in other tree crops, which may be attributable to the higher air volume generated by the machinery used for citrus protection and to the higher foliage density of citrus orchards.
Development of a doorframe-typed swinging seedling pick-up device for automatic field transplantation
Authors: Han Luhua , Mao Hanping , Hu Jianping , Tian Kunpeng
Published: May 2015

A doorframe-typed swing seedling pick-up device for automatic field transplanters was developed and evaluated in a laboratory. The device, consisting of a path manipulator and two grippers, can move the pins slowly to extract seedlings from the tray cells and return quickly to the pick-up point for the next extraction. The path manipulator was constructed with the creative design of type-Ⅱ mechanism combination in series. It consists of an oscillating guide linkage mechanism and a grooved globoidal cam mechanism. The gripper is a pincette-type mechanism using the pick-up pins to penetrate into the root mass for seedling extraction. The dynamic analysis of the designed seedling pick-up device was simulated with ADAMS software. Being the first prototype, various performance tests under local production conditions were conducted to find out the optimal machine operation parameters and transplant production conditions. As the gripper with multiple fine pins was moved by the swing pick-up device, it can effectively complete the transplanting work cycle of extracting, transferring, and discharging a seedling. The laboratory evaluation showed that the pick-up device equipped with two grippers can extract 80 seedlings/min with a 90% success and a 3% failure in discharging seedlings, using 42-day-old tomato plantlets. The quality of extracting seedlings was satisfactory.
Performance Characteristics of AOAC Method 2005.06 for the Determination of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Manila Clams, European Otter Clams, Grooved Carpet Shell Clams, Surf Clams, and Processed King Scallops
Authors: O'Neill Alison , Turner Andrew D
Published: May 2015

An approach was developed for the verification of method performance of the AOAC 2005.06 LC-fluorescence detector (FLD) method for determination of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins in bivalve shellfish. This was developed following advice published by the Analytical Laboratory Accreditation Criteria Committee and applied to shellfish species that had not been previously subjected to a full single-laboratory validation scheme. The refined approach was developed following the need to assess performance in a number of shellfish species infrequently monitored through the UK statutory monitoring program, while reducing the impact and cost of the studies, most notably in terms of the use of valuable reference standards. The species assessed were manila clams (Ruditapes philippinarum), European otter clams (Lutraria lutraria), grooved carpet shell clams (R. decussatus), surf clams (Spisula solida), and king scallops (Pecten maximus) presented as adductor only or adductor plus roe. The method was assessed for sensitivity in terms of LOD and LOQ, toxin recovery, and method precision in each species. It incorporated the PSP toxins deemed toxic and/or prevalent in UK samples and commercially available as certified reference standards. The toxins studied included GTX1-5, dcSTX, STX, C1&2, and NEO. The toxins dcGTX2&3 were included for surf clams due to the prevalence of these toxins in this species as a result of toxin decarbamoylation. Method performance targets were met for each of the characteristics investigated. Consequently, the method was deemed fit for purpose for the screening and quantification of these clam and scallop species for PSP toxins by AOAC Method 2005.06 LC-FLD.
Expansion of the Scope of AOAC First Action Method 2012.25—Single-Laboratory Validation of Triphenylmethane Dye and Leuco Metabolite Analysis in Shrimp, Tilapia, Catfish, and Salmon by LC-MS/MS
Authors: Andersen Wendy C , Casey Christine R , Schneider Marilyn J , Turnipseed Sherri B
Published: May 2015

Prior to conducting a collaborative study of AOAC First Action 2012.25 LC-MS/MS analytical method for the determination of residues of three triphenylmethane dyes (malachite green, crystal violet, and brilliant green) and their metabolites (leucomalachite green and leucocrystal violet) in seafood, a single-laboratory validation of method 2012.25 was performed to expand the scope of the method to other seafood matrixes including salmon, catfish, tilapia, and shrimp. The validation included the analysis of fortified and incurred residues over multiple weeks to assess analyte stability in matrix at –80°C, a comparison of calibration methods over the range 0.25 to 4 μg/kg, study of matrix effects for analyte quantification, and qualitative identification of targeted analytes. Method accuracy ranged from 88 to 112% with 13% RSD or less for samples fortified at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 μg/kg. Analyte identification and determination limits were determined by procedures recommended both by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration and the European Commission. Method detection limits and decision limits ranged from 0.05 to 0.24 μg/kg and 0.08 to 0.54 μg/kg, respectively. AOAC First Action Method 2012.25 with an extracted matrix calibration curve and internal standard correction is suitable for the determination of triphenylmethane dyes and leuco metabolites in salmon, catfish, tilapia, and shrimp by LC-MS/MS at a residue determination level of 0.5 μg/kg or below.
Single-Laboratory Validation of a Multitoxin Ultra-Performance LC-Hydrophilic Interaction LC-MS/MS Method for Quantitation of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Bivalve Shellfish
Authors: Turner Andrew D , McNabb Paul S , Harwood D Tim , Selwood Andrew I , Boundy Michael J
Published: May 2015

A single-laboratory validation study was conducted for the hydrophilic interaction-LC-MS/MS analysis of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) in bivalve shellfish. The method was developed as an alternative to the precolumn oxidation AOAC 2005.06 and postcolumn oxidation AOAC 2011.02 LC with fluorescence detection methods, receptor binding assay AOAC 2011.27, as well as the mouse bioassay AOAC 959.08. PSTs assessed were saxitoxin, neosaxitoxin, deoxydecarbamoylsaxitoxin, decarbamoylsaxitoxin, decarbamoylneosaxitoxin, gonyautoxins 1-6, decarbamoylgonyautoxins 2-3, and N-sulfocarbamoyl gonyautoxins 2&3. The method also included the determination of decarbamoylgonyautoxins 1&4, N-sulfocarbamoyl gonyautoxins 1&4, and M toxins. Twelve commercially produced bivalve species from both New Zealand and the United Kingdom were assessed, including mussels, oysters, scallops, and clams. Validation studies demonstrated acceptable method performance characteristics for specificity, linearity, recovery, repeatability, and within-laboratory reproducibility. LOD and LOQ were significantly improved in comparison to current fluorescence-based detection methods, and the method was shown to be rugged. The method performed well in comparison to AOAC 2005.06, with evidence obtained from both comparative analysis of 1141 PST-contaminated samples and successful participation in proficiency testing schemes. The method is suitable for use in regulatory testing and will be submitted for an AOAC collaborative study.
Emotional Distress Following Childbirth: An Intervention to Buffer Depressive and PTSD Symptoms
Authors: Di Blasio Paola , Miragoli Sarah , Camisasca Elena , Di Vita Angela Maria , Pizzo Rosalia , Pipitone Laura
Published: May 2015

Childbirth for some women is a negative experience associated with depressive and post-traumatic symptoms. The preventive actions focusing on helping mothers to cope with negative emotions experienced after childbirth are strongly recommended. It is also recommended both to intervene early and on all women to avoid the risk that these symptoms can worsen in the months after childbirth. The intervention described in the current study is focalized on the elaboration of post-partum negative thoughts and emotion through a writing task, with the purpose to help new mothers to reflect, understand, evaluate and, thus, reformulate the stressful situation with new beliefs and emotions. 176 women aged from 19 to 43 years (M = 31.55, SD = 4.58) were assessed for depression and PTSD in the prenatal phase (T1). In about 96 hours after childbirth they were randomly assigned to either “Making Sense condition” (MS: in which they wrote about the thoughts and emotions connected with delivery and childbirth) or “Control-Neutral condition” (NC: in which they wrote about the daily events in behavioural terms) and then reassessed for depression and PTSD (T2). A follow up was conducted 3 months later (T3) to verify depression and posttraumatic symptoms. The results showed that depressive symptoms decreased both at 96 hours and at 3 months as a result of making-sense task. Regarding the posttraumatic symptoms the positive effect emerged at three months and not at 96 hours after birth.
Integrating Turkish Work and Achievement Goals With Schwartz’s Human Values
Authors: Tevrüz Suna , Turgut Tülay , Çinko Murat
Published: May 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the integration of indigenous values developed in Turkey to Schwartz’s universal values. Students (N = 593) from six universities in Istanbul responded the value scale, which consists of 10 etic PVQ items (each item representing one of 10 main Schwartz values) and 23 emic WAG items (representing work-achievement goals). PROXSCAL, a multidimensional scaling method, was used to test whether etic and emic sets of values integrate and form the universal circular structure proposed in Schwartz value theory. The motivational continuum of values as a circular structure was similar to pan-cultural results, but adding another value type to the openness to change pole. While some of the items in this region represent autonomy of thought, remaining items diverge. The principle of conflicting values on opposite poles was not supported in relation to openness to change-conservation dimension. These two poles had similar priorities, contrasting with pan-cultural results, and demonstrating a culture-specific aspect of responding to motivational goals. Insights gained by emic studies will be functional in enriching understanding values, and contributing to the comprehensiveness and universality of Schwartz value theory.
Autonomy and Submissiveness as Cognitive and Cultural Factors Influencing Eating Disorders in Italy and Sweden: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Sassaroli Sandra , Veronese Guido , Nevonen Lauri , Fiore Francesca , Centorame Franceso , Favaretto Ettore , Ruggiero Giovanni Maria
Published: May 2015

The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate the correlation between cultural and psychological factors in relation to predicting eating disorders in two different non-clinical Italian (n = 61) and Swedish (n = 31) female populations, thought to have different cultures and lifestyles. The Swedish sample would reflect an emancipated model of women pursuing autonomy and freedom but also an ideal of thinness, while the Italian sample would reflect a difficult transition from traditional submissiveness to modern autonomy. Both groups completed self-report instruments assessing cultural values (e.g., collectivism and individualism) and features of eating disorders (e.g., drive for thinness, bulimia, body dissatisfaction, self-esteem, parental criticism and perfectionism). Swedish women were found to display higher levels of bulimia, perfectionism, and individualism than Italian women, while regression analysis showed that in the Italian sample high levels of collectivism were correlated with measures of EDs. The results support the hypothesis that EDs are linked with both modern values of autonomy, independence and emancipation, and situations of cultural transition in which women are simultaneously exposed to traditional models of submission and opportunities for emancipation and autonomy.
Pressing Obligations or Inspiring Potentials? The Influence of the Ought vs. Expected Selves on Task Performance
Authors: Bak Waclaw , Ciastek Slawomir , Michalczuk Malgorzata
Published: May 2015

This paper focuses on the effects of activating expected self as compared to the effects of activating the ought self. The expected self is a component of self-knowledge that pertains to the perception of one’s capabilities and potentials. Two experimental studies compared participants’ task performance after manipulating the momentary accessibility of the expected self vs. the ought self. In Study 1, contrary to expectations, the activation of the expected self resulted in poorer outcomes when the task required sustained attention. However, an interesting mood difference was revealed, which led us to hypothesise that activating the expected self results in slower (i.e., less hasty) work while performing the task. This hypothesis was confirmed in the second study.
A Stem Cell-Derived Platform for Studying Single Synaptic Vesicles in Dopaminergic Synapses
Authors: Gu Haigang , Lazarenko Roman M. , Koktysh Dmitry , Iacovitti Lorraine , Zhang Qi
Published: May 2015

The exocytotic release of dopamine is one of the most characteristic but also one of the least appreciated processes in dopaminergic neurotransmission. Fluorescence imaging has yielded rich information about the properties of synaptic vesicles and the release of neurotransmitters in excitatory and inhibitory neurons. In contrast, imaging-based studies for in-depth understanding of synaptic vesicle behavior in dopamine neurons are lagging largely because of a lack of suitable preparations. Midbrain culture has been one of the most valuable preparations for the subcellular investigation of dopaminergic transmission; however, the paucity and fragility of cultured dopaminergic neurons limits their use for live cell imaging. Recent developments in stem cell technology have led to the successful production of dopamine neurons from embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells. Although the dopaminergic identity of these stem cell-derived neurons has been characterized in different ways, vesicle-mediated dopamine release from their axonal terminals has been barely assessed. We report a more efficient procedure to reliably generate dopamine neurons from embryonic stem cells, and it yields more dopamine neurons with more dopaminergic axon projections than midbrain culture does. Using a collection of functional measurements, we show that stem cell-derived dopamine neurons are indistinguishable from those in midbrain culture. Taking advantage of this new preparation, we simultaneously tracked the turnover of hundreds of synaptic vesicles individually using pH-sensitive quantum dots. By doing so, we revealed distinct fusion kinetics of the dopamine-secreting vesicles, which is consistent within both preparations.

Significance

For the use of stem cell-derived neurons in clinical applications, improved differentiation efficiency and more careful characterization of resultant cells are needed. A procedure has been refined for differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into functional dopamine neurons. This preparation provides a high yield of dopaminergic cells that are morphologically and functionally similar to cultured midbrain dopamine neurons and can be used as a platform for thorough investigation of the mechanisms of dopaminergic neurotransmission.
Relationships Between Polypharmacy and the Sleep Cycle Among Active-Duty Service Members
Authors: Lande R. Gregory , Gragnani Cynthia
Published: May 2015

Context: Sleep disorders are frequent clinical presentations, especially among active-duty service members. Medications are one factor that can affect sleep in many ways.

Objective: To determine the effect of increasing numbers of medications on the sleep cycle of active-duty service members.

Methods: Medical records for active-duty service members who completed enhanced sleep assessments at the Psychiatry Continuity Service at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center from October 1, 2010, through November 30, 2013, were retrospectively reviewed. Data were collected on home sleep study findings, sleep-related self-report instrument scores, and active medications.

Results: A total of 135 medical records were reviewed. One hundred patients (74.07%) had an active prescription for a psychoactive drug. Among all patients, the mean (SD) number of active medications per participant was 2.52 (2.09), with 118 patients (82.96%) having an active medication for depression or insomnia. As the number of prescribed medications increased, the percentage of the sleep cycle in deep sleep decreased (P=.049), the percentage of light sleep increased (P=.016), the percentage of rapid eye movement sleep decreased (P=.083), and the first episode of deep sleep was delayed (P=.056). An increased number of medications had no significant impact on total sleep time (P>.05).

Conclusion: An increasing number of medications did not influence total sleep time but negatively affected the sleep cycle.
Corrosion, 2. High‐Temperature
Authors: Gräfen Hubert , Horn Elmar‐Manfred , Schlecker Hartmut , Schindler Helmut , Spiegel Michael
Published: May 2015

The article contains sections titled:1.Principles of High‐Temperature Corrosion1.1.Thermodynamic Principles1.2.Thermodynamic Stability Diagrams1.3.Kinetics of Scaling2.Oxidation of Alloys3.Sulfurization of Metals and Alloys4.Chloridation of Metals and Alloys5.Corrosion by Combustion Gases6.Effect of Ash, Deposits, and Salts7.Corrosion in Waste‐Fired Boilers8.Corrosion by Synthesis Gases9.Oxidation Behavior of Technical Alloys9.1.Steels9.2.Nickel Alloys9.3.Cobalt Alloys
The role of atmospheric forcing versus ocean advection during the extreme warming of the Northeast U.S. continental shelf in 2012
Authors: Chen Ke , Gawarkiewicz Glen , Kwon Young‐Oh , Zhang Weifeng G.
Published: May 2015

In the coastal ocean off the Northeast U.S., the sea surface temperature (SST) in the first half of 2012 was the highest on the record for the past roughly 150 years of recorded observations. The underlying dynamical processes responsible for this extreme event are examined using a numerical model, and the relative contributions of air‐sea heat flux versus lateral ocean advective heat flux are quantified. The model accurately reproduces the observed vertical structure and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the thermohaline condition of the Gulf of Maine and the Middle Atlantic Bight waters during the anomalous warming period. Analysis of the model results show that the warming event was primarily driven by the anomalous air‐sea heat flux, while the smaller contribution by the ocean advection worked against this flux by acting to cool the shelf. The anomalous air‐sea heat flux exhibited a shelf‐wide coherence, consistent with the shelf‐wide warming pattern, while the ocean advective heat flux was dominated by localized, relatively smaller‐scale processes. The anomalous cooling due to advection primarily resulted from the along‐shelf heat flux divergence in the Gulf of Maine, while in the Middle Atlantic Bight the advective contribution from the along‐shelf and cross‐shelf heat flux divergences was comparable. The modeling results confirm the conclusion of the recent analysis of in situ data by Chen et al. (2014a) that the changes in the large‐scale atmospheric circulation in the winter of 2011–2012 primarily caused the extreme warm anomaly in the spring of 2012. The effect of along‐shelf or cross‐shelf ocean advection on the warm anomalies from either the Scotian Shelf or adjacent continental slope was secondary.
Evolution and modulation of a poleward‐propagating anticyclonic eddy along the Japan and Kuril‐Kamchatka trenches
Authors: Kaneko Hitoshi , Itoh Sachihiko , Kouketsu Shinya , Okunishi Takeshi , Hosoda Shigeki , Suga Toshio
Published: May 2015

To investigate the relationships between the movement of an eddy and its interior structure and water properties, four profiling floats were deployed in an anticyclonic eddy in the western North Pacific in 2013 (April–October). Daily float profiles showed rapid changes in temperature and salinity corresponding to strong interactions between eddies north of the subtropical Kuroshio Extension. After the first interaction with a warm‐core eddy in April, the isolation of the winter mixed layer from the surface was observed, forming a subsurface remnant layer. Another interaction with a cold fresh eddy at middepths in May resulted in the formation of a multilayer structure. The eddy then moved poleward along the Japan and Kuril‐Kamchatka trenches, indicating changes in its propagation pattern coupled to its interior structure. The eddy then moved northward (June–July), stalled (July–August), and moved eastward (August–October). In addition to a general declining trend, the properties of the warm saline core changed over a short time period, coinciding with changes in propagation. A density anomaly at middepths of the eddy changed location during the stalled period; however, denser waters were continuously observed in the southeast part of the eddy during its northward and eastward movement. This unidirectional density anomaly pattern was consistent with the structure of the poleward‐propagating eddy, which interacted with the western topographic boundary. Meridional exchanges of heat and material were potentially elevated by the eddy's advection and movement, as well as by water modifications in the eddy associated with exchanges along its perimeter.
Atmospheric responses to oceanic eddies in the Kuroshio Extension region
Authors: Ma Jing , Xu Haiming , Dong Changming , Lin Pengfei , Liu Yu
Published: May 2015

We examined atmospheric responses to 35,000+ oceanic eddies in the Kuroshio Extension region during the period of 2006–2009. Using satellite data, we showed that cold (warm) eddies cause surface winds to decelerate (accelerate) and reduce (increase) latent and sensible heat fluxes, cloud liquid water, water vapor content, and rain rate; all of these changes are quantified. Both the linear correlation between wind divergence and downwind sea surface temperature (SST) gradient and the correspondence between vorticity and crosswind SST gradient support the vertical momentum mixing mechanism, which indicates that SST perturbations modify surface winds by changing the vertical turbulent mixing in the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL). High‐resolution National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) data can reproduce the atmospheric responses to the oceanic eddies in the MABL albeit with some differences in intensity. In addition, the CFSR data reveal that the atmospheric responses to these oceanic eddies are not confined in the MABL. MABL deepens (shoals) over the warm (cold) eddies; enhanced (reduced) vertical transport of transient zonal momentum occurs over the warm (cold) eddies from the sea surface to about 850 hPa level; vertical velocity anomalies over oceanic eddies penetrate beyond the MABL into free atmosphere; there exists a positive correlated relationship between SST and convective rain rate anomalies, indicative of ocean eddies' impact on the free troposphere. However, the composites of cloud liquid water and rain rate are different from the results based on the satellite data.
Seasonal variability of heterogeneous ice formation in stratiform clouds over the Amazon Basin
Authors: Seifert Patric , Kunz Clara , Baars Holger , Ansmann Albert , Bühl Johannes , Senf Fabian , Engelmann Ronny , Althausen Dietrich , Artaxo Paulo
Published: May 2015

Based on 11 months of polarization lidar observations in the Amazon Basin near Manaus, Brazil (2.3∘S, 60∘W), the relationship between temperature and heterogeneous ice formation efficiency in stratiform clouds was evaluated in the cloud top temperature range between −40 and 0∘C. Between −30 and 0∘C, ice‐containing clouds are a factor of 1.5 to 2 more frequent during the dry season. Free‐tropospheric aerosol backscatter profiles revealed a twofold to tenfold increase in aerosol load during the dry season and a Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate—Interim Implementation reanalysis data set implies that the aerosol composition during the dry season is strongly influenced by biomass burning aerosol, whereas other components such as mineral dust do not vary strongly between the seasons. The injection of smoke accompanied by the likely dispersion of biological material, soil dust, or ash particles was identified as a possible source for the increased ice formation efficiency during the dry season.
Motion of reconnection region in the Earth's magnetotail
Authors: Alexandrova Alexandra , Nakamura Rumi , Semenov Vladimir S. , Nakamura Takuma K. M.
Published: May 2015

We obtain the X‐line velocity in the Earth's magnetotail for 24 reconnection events observed by the Cluster spacecraft between 2001 and 2005. The data set consists of 10 single X‐lines and 14 X‐lines from the time intervals of multiple reconnection. Except for two X‐lines from multiple reconnection, all the X‐lines move tailward (radial outward) along the current sheet, which is consistent with the direction of the pressure gradient. The X‐lines also propagate outward from the midnight sector in the dawn‐dusk direction. The X‐line speed in the Earth‐tail direction is comparable and proportional to the reconnection inflow speed and approximately 0.1 of the reconnection outflow speed. These results suggest that both the global pressure distribution and the local reconnection physics may affect the motion of the X‐line.