bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of an Atmosphere on a Rocky Exoplanet
Authors: Swain Mark R. , Estrela Raissa , Roudier Gael M. , Sotin Christophe , Rimmer Paul B. , Valio Adriana , West Robert , Pearson Kyle , Huber-Feely Noah , Zellem Robert T.
Published: April 2021

We report the detection of an atmosphere on a rocky exoplanet, GJ 1132 b, which is similar to Earth in terms of size and density. The atmospheric transmission spectrum was detected using Hubble WFC3 measurements and shows spectral signatures of aerosol scattering, HCN, and CH4 in a low mean molecular weight atmosphere. We model the atmospheric loss process and conclude that GJ 1132 b likely lost the original H/He envelope, suggesting that the atmosphere that we detect has been reestablished. We explore the possibility of H2 mantle degassing, previously identified as a possibility for this planet by theoretical studies, and find that outgassing from ultra-reduced magma could produce the observed atmosphere. In this way we use the observed exoplanet transmission spectrum to gain insights into magma composition for a terrestrial planet. The detection of an atmosphere on this rocky planet raises the possibility that the numerous powerfully irradiated super-Earth planets, believed to be the evaporated cores of sub-Neptunes, may, under favorable circumstances, host detectable atmospheres.
Gas Evolution in Inner Disk Cavities from a Synergic Analysis of IR-CO and UV-H2 Spectra
Authors: Sánchez Michael A. , Banzatti Andrea , Hoadley Keri , France Kevin , Bruderer Simon
Published: April 2021

We are conducting a multi-wavelength analysis of high-resolution molecular spectra that probe the evolution of gas in the inner 10 au in protoplanetary disks. A sample of 15 disks has been combined to probe a range of inner disk structures including small and large dust cavities. Half of the sample has been observed in far-ultraviolet H2 emission with a new HST-COS program (GO-14703), that we have combined to near-infrared spectra of CO emission as observed with VLT-CRIRES and IRTF-iSHELL. This synergic dataset traces the evolution and depletion of CO and H2 in inner disk cavities and shows an evolving radial stratification of the molecular gas, where CO lines are narrower than H2 lines in disks with cavities. CO rotation diagrams also show significant evolution, suggesting a change in gas excitation as CO emission recedes to larger disk radii.
Opacity Changes from Engulfed Material
Authors: Yüce Kutluay , Cowley Charles R.
Published: April 2021

Engulfment of several bulk earthlike planets makes only a small effect on the stellar opacity for a sunlike star.
Floresorchestia kongsemae sp. n. a new species (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae) from Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
Authors: Suklom Anotai , Danaisawadi Patchara , Wongkamhaeng Koraon
Published: April 2021

The genus Floresorchestia Bousfield, 1984 is widely distributed in terrestrial and marine coastal habitats. It has been found from coastal South Africa through to the Indo-Pacific region and the Caribbean Sea in Central America. Two species of Floresorchestia have been reported in Thailand, Floresorchestia boonyanusithii Wongkamhaeng et al. 2016 and Floresorchestia buraphana Wongkamhaeng et al. 2016. This work reports on a new species of Floresorchestia found at Kasetsart University in a man-made pond and neighbouring areas.

Classification of the new species was achieved by considering the left mandible 5-dentate; gnathopod 2 posterior margin merus carpus and propodus of gnathopod 2 covered in palmate setae, palm reaching about 33% along posterior margin; uropod 3 peduncle with three robust setae; telson dorsal mid-line half the length of its breadth and four robust setae per lobe.
Errata and retractions associated with research papers published by authors with Hungarian affiliations
Authors: Teixeira da Silva Jaime , Erfanmanesh Mohammadamin
Published: April 2021

Background: To examine the errata and retractions in total published output of Hungarian research and academia relative to that in 34 other European countries.

Objective: To analyse the number of errata and retractions related to papers published by authors with Hungarian affiliations compared to those by authors with affiliations in the 34 other countries.

Methods: Errata and retractions retrieved from three databases, namely Retraction Watch, Web of Science (WoS), and Scopus, were counted and sorted by country.

Results: Scopus featured 7 retractions linked to Hungarian affiliations and WoS featured 10. Retraction Watch featured 26 such retractions, placing Hungary in 23rd position among the 35 countries arranged in descending order of the number of retractions. Of the 26 retractions from Hungary, 5 were in Elsevier journals and another 5 in Springer Nature; also, 8 of the 26 were associated with the University of Debrecen. When ranked for the number of errata notices for every 1000 published papers, Hungary was ranked 29th in WoS (2.54 notices per 1000 papers) and 26th in Scopus (2.3 notices per 1000 papers).

Conclusions: The low numbers of Hungarian affiliations suggest that either research ethics are more stringently observed in Hungary or that publications from Hungarian research institutes, including papers in Hungarian – many Hungarian journals are indexed neither in WoS nor in Scopus – have not been scrutinized adequately through post-publication peer review.
The subfamily Thorictinae (Coleoptera, Dermestidae) from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Háva Jiří , Abdel-Dayem Mahmoud S. , Aldhafer Hathal M.
Published: April 2021

In this study, the Saudi Arabian Thorictinae beetle species,Thorictus riyadhensisHáva & Abdel-Dayem,sp. nov.,T. shadensisHáva & Abdel-Dayem,sp. nov.,T. sharafiHáva & Abdel-Dayem,sp. nov.,T. hanifahensisHáva & Abdel-Dayem,sp. nov.are described, illustrated, and compared with related species. Three other species:T. castaneusGermar, 1834;T. foreliWasmann, 1894; andT. peyerimhoffiChobaut, 1904 are excluded from the fauna of Saudi Arabia. A list of Thorictinae species from the Arabian Peninsula is provided.
L’innovation collaborative aux prises avec les dispositifs info-communicationnels
Authors: Mabi Clément , Zacklad Manuel
Published: April 2021

L’une des transformations majeures des organisations publiques et privées ces dernières années est relative à la place toujours plus importante prise par l’innovation collaborative et sa capacité à « faire produire autrement » en renouvelant les processus de conception. Un des postulats de ces approches est qu’en organisant des échanges ouverts avec des parties prenantes variées, fournisseurs, partenaires, utilisateurs finaux, etc. il sera possible de gagner en pertinence grâce à la coopération. Nous avons invité les auteurs du dossier à se saisir de cette démarche autour de deux axes. Le premier s’est attaché à identifier et déconstruire les discours d’accompagnement autour du « tournant numérique » de l’innovation collaborative. Le second visait à mieux identifier les logiques artefactuelles dans lesquelles se construit l’innovation collaborative.
Les sociétés savantes face aux sciences participatives
Authors: Severo Marta , Filipponi Emma
Published: April 2021

Depuis le 1834, les sociétés savantes sont chargées d’accompagner les institutions patrimoniales dans les tâches de construction et de partage des savoirs. Cependant, ces dernières années, ces sociétés ont vécu une crise profonde liée à la réduction des financements venant de l’État et au vieillissement de leurs membres. Dans ce cadre, l’émergence des sciences participatives semble s’imposer comme un facteur d’innovation qui pourrait donner une nouvelle envergure au rôle des sociétés savantes dans la construction des savoirs. Cet article se pose alors un double objectif, empirique et disciplinaire. D’un point de vue empirique, il vise à approfondir le rapport entre sociétés savantes et sciences participatives pour comprendre quel est le potentiel d’innovation de ces structures aujourd’hui. Pour ce faire, il explore le rôle des dispositifs d’information et communication, et notamment du numérique, dans ces organisations à travers une enquête empirique auprès de plusieurs sociétés. D’un point de vue disciplinaire, cette étude vise à montrer l’intérêt d’une approche info-communicationnelle pour l’analyse d’un contexte socio-technique.
Análisis térmico y comportamiento de desgaste de aleaciones Mg-4Zn-(x)Zr fundidos en molde de cáscara y molde de grafito
Authors: Cenk Kumruoglu Levent
Published: April 2021

El efecto de refinamiento del grano del circonio (Zr) es conocido, sin embargo, la influencia en la cantidad de Zr y su efecto sobre la solidificación y el comportamiento de desgaste de las aleaciones de Mg-Zn modificadas no se han estudiado adecuadamente. Las aleaciones de Mg-4Zn-(x)Zr son aleadas con la adición de 0,5% a 4% en peso de elemento Zr se funden y se vierten en dos moldes de colada diferentes y se realizan análisis térmicos. Se examinaron la microestructura de los productos de colada, el comportamiento de solidificación, las transformaciones de fase, el tamaño de grano, las curvas de análisis térmico y las propiedades de desgaste. La microestructura se modificó mediante la adición de Zr y el tamaño de grano se redujo tanto para los materiales de moldeo de grafito como de cerámica. La máxima resistencia a la tracción se obtuvo añadiendo 1% de Zr (170 MPa) y 4% Zr (105-110 HRB) utilizando un molde de grafito, respectivamente. La máxima resistencia a la tracción a temperatura ambiente se alcanzó en el Mg-4Zn-1Zr, el alargamiento fue del 4,9% y la resistencia a la tracción fue de 138 MPa. El valor máximo de tracción en caliente se obtuvo en las aleaciones con 2% de Zr añadido. La tasa de desgaste de la aleación Mg-4Zn disminuyó al aumentar el elemento Zr hasta un 2% en peso. La adición de más del 2% en peso de Zr provocó un aumento de la microporosidad en la microestructura. Debido a la microporosidad causada por la adición de Zr, la tasa de desgaste se redujo ligeramente.
La eliminación de metales tóxicos presentes en efluentes líquidos mediante resinas de cambio iónico. Parte XV: Iron(II)/H+/Lewatit TP208
Authors: Alguacil Francisco José
Published: April 2021

Se ha investigado el uso de la resina de intercambio catiónico Lewatit TP208 en la eliminación de hierro(II) de disoluciones acuosas. En esta eliminación, se han considerado varias variables experimentales, incluyendo, la velocidad de agitación aplicada al sistema, la temperatura, el pH de la disolución acuosa y la dosificación de la resina. Para velocidades de agitación incluidas en el intervalo 300-1200 min-1, el proceso de intercambio catiónico responde al modelo de difusión en la disolución acuosa. El aumento de la temperatura, entre 20 y 60 ºC, va asociado a un aumento de la concentración de hierro(II) cargado en la resina, por lo que el sistema tiene un carácter endotérmico. La variación del pH del medio acuoso hacia pH ácidos (desde 5 a 1) da lugar a una disminución en la carga del metal en la resina. Asimismo, la dosificación de la resina Lewatit TP208 afecta a la eliminación del hierro(II) de la disolución acuosa, los resultados experimentales se ajustan a la isoterma de Freundlich. Los modelos cinéticos asociados a este sistema dependen también de la dosificación de la resina: usando la concentración de resina más alta (1 g·L-1) los datos experimentales se ajustan (r2= 0,999) al modelo de pseudo-segundo orden, mientras que con la concentración de resina más baja (0,13 g·L-1) el modelo cinético es el primer-orden (r2= 0,997). Los resultados experimentales obtenidos con la resina Lewatit TP208 se han comparado con los obtenidos con otras resinas de intercambio catiónico y con el uso de nanotubos de carbono de pared múltiple. El hierro(II), cargado en la resina, puede ser eluido mediante el uso de disoluciones ácidas.
Des dieux complices des narcos ?
Authors: Ramírez Luis Carlos Castro , Kerestetzi Katerina
Published: April 2021

Dans les années 1980-1990, des narcotrafiquants colombiens firent venir depuis Cuba des spécialistes rituels des religions afro-cubaines afin d’assurer une protection magique à leurs activités illicites. Ces religions, alors peu répandues en Colombie, connurent une soudaine expansion dans les milieux interlopes. En interrogeant une forme très particulière de transnationalisation religieuse, cet article examine comment ces religions en sont venues à constituer une composante de l’identité et de la culture narcos, et comment en retour cette proximité avec les narcotrafiquants a influencé la forme et la nature de l’activité religieuse.
Gangster or social bandit?
Authors: Bakker Laurens
Published: April 2021

In Indonesia, following post-1998 government reforms, a specific strain of activism has developed that sees typical NGO subjects, such as indigenous rights and land rights of the poor, championed by groups that have a decidedly more violent image than NGOs do. Usually registered as ormas, or mass organizations, these groups combine a repertoire of democracy and social responsibility with established cultural notions of “strong men” who defend their community and engage in crime on the side. This mix is a potent concoction that allows a skilled ormas leader (who is nearly always male) to take diverse roles and refer to multiple sources of legitimization for his actions, depending on his position in local society. This brief ethnographic vignette describes the rise, some actions, and eventual demise of Bahrudin, an ormas leader in Paser, in the province of East Kalimantan.
Babu Farari
Authors: Sbriccoli Tommaso
Published: April 2021

This article, drawing on research carried out in the village of Jamgod (India, Madhya Pradesh), present the story of Babu Farari, an outlaw living and operating in this area in the 50s. First met during fieldwork as a legend about a local social bandit, the figure of Babu grew to acquire a deeper, three-dimensional complexity. His story has been reconstructed here from fragments of ethnography, interviews and conversations, and from information contained in the fieldnotes of Mayer, an anthropologist who did research in the same village when Babu Farari was active.This polyvocal narrative shows a “legend in the making” and provides insight into the way in which stories are embedded within wider social and political frameworks and how local history acquires meaning only in relation to contemporary social and political events. Indeed, details in the various narratives about Babu Farari’s life give rise to features of present-day local moral economies and folk ethics about State, power and the Self.
Association between antenatal cerebroplacental ratio and adverse pregnancy outcome
Authors: Indika J. , De Silva P. H. P. , Karunasinghe J.
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction

Foetuses with an abnormal Cerebroplacental Ratio, that are appropriate for gestational age may have higher incidence of foetal distress in labour and end up with caesarean section.

Objectives

To find out whether there is a relationship between the Cerebroplacental Ratio (CPR) at gestational age of 34 weeks and adverse pregnancy outcome.

Methods

Cross Sectional Descriptive Study was conducted among 421 pregnant women presented to North Colombo Teaching Hospital, Ragama. Singleton pregnancies with 34 weeks of gestational age were included and two structured data collection sheets were used as study instruments.

Results

Mean age of the study participants was 31.33 years (SD=5.79 years). Majority were multigravida mothers (N=317:75.29%). CPR and birth weight have a relationship to predict a normal or increased birth weight (AUC 0.673:95%: CI 0.578:0.76). There is a significant relationship between CPR value and having a birth weight more than 3.5kg (AUC >0.5). Significantly higher number of participants underwent normal vaginal deliveries (N=334:79.3%). A significant difference is observed between the mean CPR values of mothers who underwent NVD and LSCS (t=7.182: p
A rare presentation of acute fatty liver disease in pregnancy in the background of T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Kodithuwakku K. A. S. U. A. , Gunatilake N. W. , Manikgamaarachchi H. R.
Published: April 2021

No abstract available
Vaginal cuff closure at total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH): Laparoscopic suturing versus vaginal closure
Authors: Karunananda S. A.
Published: April 2021

Total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH), is fast replacing the conventional open procedure where and when feasible with greater public awareness and demand. Lesser disastrous major complications and affordability will help towards this trend in making it more popular. Any measures to improve and simplify and speed up this procedure demanding a higher level of skill, should be welcome. A total number of 62 TLH procedures, performed at the Teaching Hospital Peradeniya were followed up for a minimum of 4 months and analysed to see the speed and complications related to the method of vaginal cuff closure.Twenty six (42%) TLH procedures were done entirely trans abdominally with the laparoscope (A), and the rest 36 (58)% had the cuff closed manually, through vaginal approach (V). Complications directly attributable to surgery on the closure of the vaginal cuff itself were much higher with the abdominal technique-6 (23%) instances; but only 3 (8.3%) in the vaginal approach. The average vaginal closure time was over 3 times faster vaginally (19 vs 5.5min) with a lesser complication rate,making it the personal preference of the author as the research progressed explaining the higher proportion of vaginal closures.
The management of large vessel vasculitides
Authors: Galli Elena , Marvisi Chiara , Sandri Gilda , Manzini Carlo Umberto , Salvarani Carlo
Published: April 2021

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu arteritis (TAK) represent the most common large vessel vasculitides (LVV). An early recognition of these conditions is crucial in order to start a prompt treatment to prevent severe ischemic complications, such as irreversible visual loss in GCA and cardiovascular or cerebrovascular accidents in TAK. Isolated glucocorticoids (GCs) still remain the cornerstone of GCA therapy. However, long-term treatment with GCs is burdened by an important toxicity. Furthermore, relapses are frequent during the follow-up period and relapsing patients have to cope with a longer duration of the GC therapy and a higher cumulative GC dose. On the other hand, TAK treatment usually relies on immunosuppressors in addition to GCs from the beginning. Also, since TAK patients are in general young women with a progressive disease, it is essential to treat this vasculitis with steroidsparing drugs in order to avoid excessive GC exposure. For this reason, efforts have been made to discover new therapeutic options able to reduce the cumulative GC dose that is strictly related to GC-toxicity. In recent years, new advances in the management of LVV have become available and have changed the therapeutic approach to these diseases. The aim of this review is to report new evidence of treatment efficacy and safety in LVV.
Nebulized ketamine for managing acute pain in the pediatric emergency department
Authors: Rhodes Adam James , Fagan Michele Joy , Motov Sergey M. , Zerzan Jessica
Published: April 2021

Administration of sub-dissociative doses of ketamine is used via intranasal (IN) and intravenous routes in the pediatric emergency department for managing acute pain. Due to difficulties in both obtaining intravenous access and compliance with IN medications in children, administration of ketamine via breath-actuated nebulizer can serve as a valuable modality for timely analgesia in children where dosing titration is patient controlled. We describe five pediatric patients who received ketamine via breath-actuated nebulizer at 0.75 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, and 1.5 mg/kg, with all patients experiencing a decrease in pain score. This case series introduces ketamine inhalation as a modality for managing pain in children.
Assessment of visual and mental fatigue of young smartphone users of Kolkata
Authors: Banerjee Subhankar , Gangopadhyay Somnath
Published: April 2021

CONTEXT:

According to multiple studies, the use of smartphone leads to several deleterious implications such as visual fatigue, mental fatigue, and altered mental alertness level.

AIM:

The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is any instance of visual fatigue, mental fatigue, and changes in alertness.

METHODOLOGY:

A light meter has been used to detect the level of illumination of the experimental room. Critical flicker fusion frequency (CFFF) test is used to identify the occurrence of visual fatigue, mental fatigue, and changes in alertness. Student's t-test was performed to investigate the differences in the CFFFs of pre- and post-experimental conditions in both illuminated and dark situations.

RESULTS:

A reduction of posttask CFFF has occurred after the completion of the task in both cases. There were significant differences of means in between pre- and post-experimental conditions in both illuminated and dark conditions. Posttask mean CFFF values in the dark condition are lesser than the illuminated condition.

CONCLUSIONS:

It can be suggested from the present study that the use of smartphone with video features for 30 min or more can cause visual fatigue, mental fatigue, and reduced mental alertness among young (22 ± 2.1 years) smartphone users. The use of smartphone in the presence of illumination causes less deleterious effects than dark conditions.
Teaching disability competencies to medical graduates
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh
Published: April 2021

Disabled individuals are more often than not subjected to a wide range of barriers, including physical which significantly affects their access and utilization of quality-assured preventive and healthcare services. Acknowledging the problems encountered by the disabled individuals, it is of utmost importance to train the medical students to respond to the special needs of these people and to ensure the provision of optimal healthcare. With the introduction of new competency-based medical education for undergraduation, a set of disability competencies have been defined for medical students for the very first time in the foundation course document. A wide range of teaching–learning methods and assessment methods can be employed to assess the learning. In conclusion, considering the problems faced by the disabled individuals, the need of the hour is to address the disability competencies expected of a medical graduate; to accomplish the same, curriculum planning has to be done and the medical students have to be trained in a phase-wise manner.
Coronavirus transmission mitigation behaviors
Authors: Singh Khundrakpam Devananda
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

The spread of COVID-19 across the globe develops psychological disturbance to the population. People are always trying to protect themselves from this pandemic through transmission mitigation behavioral (TMBs) practices. The understanding and practice of the exemplary coronavirus TMBs will help the population to fight the disease effectively and efficiently. This study draws the exemplary coronavirus TMBs among the Indian population and constructs a viable model to study these behaviors.

METHODS:

Data collected from 238 valid respondents through online were the sample of this study. TMB items were collected from the publications of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, and World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe. AMOS, SPSS, and Microsoft Excel were used for statistical calculations. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Bartlett's Test of sphericity and Keiser–Meyer Olkin (KMO) test, Cronbach's alpha, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Average Variance Extracted (AVE), and composite reliability (CR) were calculated for the analysis of data.

RESULTS, INTERPRETATION, AND CONCLUSIONS:

Based on the existing literature, three out of 14 TMB items was dropped, and CFA was run for the remaining 11 items. The result of CFA identified a 5-component structure. Bartlett's test of sphericity was significant at P < 0.001, and KMO measure was acceptable at 0.83. The model fit indices (λ2/df = 1.43, goodness of fit index = 0.953, adjusted goodness of fit index = 0.925, normed fit index = 0.914, Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.962, comparative fit index = 0.972, and root mean square error of approximation = 0.043) and convergent validity (AVE = 0.41 and CR = 0.88) were acceptable. Based on the statistical results, the hypothesized model is fit to examine the 11 TMB items. The 3-factor model with 11 TMB items can be adopted for further replication study, and effective practice of these items is the first-line intervention to fight the spread of coronavirus.
The impact of transition from conventional robot-assisted radical prostatectomy to retzius sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Kishore T. A. , Kuriakose Milka James , Raveendran Vishnu , Ramaprasad M. K.
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

To assess the outcomes of Retzius sparing robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RS-RARP) in comparison with the conventional RARP.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective analysis of 320 cases of RARP, performed from 2014 April to 2019 April, was performed. The predictor variables included age, body mass index, clinical stage, prostate-specific antigen, Gleason score category in biopsy, D'Amico risk category, presence of the median lobe, prior transurethral resection of the prostate, and the ability to perform the RS-RARP. The outcome variables included console time, blood loss, blood transfusion, nerve sparing, bladder neck sparing, positive surgical margins (PSM), number and the site of PSMs, extracapsular invasion, seminal vesicle involvement, complications, continence, erectile function, biochemical recurrence, and adjuvant treatment. Regression analysis was performed using the linear regression for the continuous variables and binary logistic regression for the categorical variables with two levels.

Results:

Three hundred and twenty patients underwent radical prostatectomy from 2014 April to 2019 April. We started the RS-RARP program in December 2016. Twenty-three patients who did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded and a total of 297 patients were studied. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that RS-RARP was a strong positive independent predictor for continence recovery at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. RS-RARP was an independent predictor of reduced console time and increased probability of bladder neck sparing. RS-RARP was also independently associated with increased PSM in the posterolateral, anterolateral, and the apical regions.

Conclusion:

RS-RARP has better continence rates up to 12 months compared with the conventional approach, but is associated with increased PSM at certain locations.
Prostate-specific antigen screening of men with lower urinary tract symptoms (opportunistic screening) and of asymptomatic men undergoing executive health check
Authors: Mandhani Anil , Mittal Varun , Bhaskar Ved , Srivastava Aneesh
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

We evaluated incidence ofprostate-specific antigen (PSA) positivity (>4ng/mL) and cancer detection rate on prostate biopsy in two populations of men, one undergoing opportunistic testing for lower urinary tract symptoms and another during routine health checks.

Methods:

Data regarding PSA screening, rectal examination (RE), transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy, clinical stage, and risk assessment grouping according to NCCN guidelines were studied. Group A included patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) (opportunistic screening) at SGPGIMS, Lucknow and Group B included healthy men who had executive health check-up with PSA testing at Medanta the Medicity, Gurugram.

Results:

PSA positivity rate in 9906 symptomatic men for LUTS (Group A) and 24919 healthy men (Group B) was 28.4% and 3% respectively. In group A, PSA positivity rate was 28.4% but only around half of all men with an indication underwent a biopsy. Among men with PSA of 4–10 ng/mL, cancer was detected in 93 of 241 who underwent a biopsy (38.5%). In Group B, only 69 men (9.3% of those with an elevated PSA) underwent a prostate biopsy, of which 38/57 (with PSA of 4–10 had cancer. In Group A, the cancers was metastatic in 61.5% men, while none in-Group B had metastatic disease.

Conclusion:

Opportunistic screening and executive health check with PSA identifies a significant number of men with PSA positivity and may help decrease the proportion of men diagnosed in metastatic prostate cancer.
Management and outcomes of ureteroceles in children
Authors: Jain Vishesh , Agarwala Sandeep , Dhua Anjan , Mitra Aparajita , Mittal Deepak , Murali Divya , Kandasamy Devasenathipathy , Kumar Rakesh , Bhatnagar Veereshwar
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

Ureterocele is a rare urogenital malformation. The treatment is variable and complicated as it depends on several factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the management and outcomes of children with ureterocele and to compare single system and duplex system ureteroceles.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective study was conducted and all patients with ureterocele operated from January 1992 to December 2018 were included. The records of those included were assessed, and a detailed case record sheet was filled. The outcome parameters assessed were the persistence of symptoms and additional surgical procedure performed.

Results:

Forty-seven patients (28 boys and 19 girls) with a median age of presentation of 21 months were included. Four patients had bilateral ureterocele. Overall, 51 renal units with ureterocele were studied. Twenty renal units of the 31 renal units with duplex system underwent cystoscopic decompression, and of these, 8 (40%) needed a second procedure. Fourteen renal units of the remaining 20 renal units with single system underwent cystoscopy and decompression, and of these, 1 (7%) required another procedure (P = 0.024). Sixteen renal units had ectopic ureterocele, of which 9 (56%) underwent heminephrectomy/nephrectomy. Intravesical ureterocele was present in 35 renal units, of which only 2 (5.7%) underwent nephrectomy or heminephrectomy (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Duplex system ureteroceles are more likely to require a second procedure following an endoscopic puncture. Units with ectopic ureterocele were more likely to need nephrectomy.
Challenges and difficulties in research facing by Saudi board postgraduate residents in Aseer region
Authors: Alhefzi Amal Abdulkhalig , Alsaleem Safar A. , Al Humayed Razan Suliman , Al Khathami Mohamme Ali Mosfer , Ali Alwalan Ali Ahmed , Saaed Al Mufarrih Wael Saad , Mohammed Alqarni Mohammed Awadh , Khalawy Mokali Bassam Mousa , Maghram Assiri Bassam Mohammad
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

Research in health care system plays an important role in advancement and development of medicine and is essential in identifying the most optimal management. Progression in medicine depends upon the training and performance of researchers in health science. Training in research activity is an important aspect of post graduate training and has been recognized as one of its key components. It enhances learning and critical thinking of the resident.

Methods:

A purposely constructed questionnaire was used to gather the data, questionnaire was composed on demographic items, items related to the problems/difficulties regarding research, items related to specialty selection. Questionnaire was composed of by the panel of experts including subject (research faculty of the college) specialist, English language expert, family physician.

Results:

Mean ± S.D of age = 29.2 ± 8.6. 62.0% of the respondents were belongs to the age group of 25-30 years old, 22.% belongs to the 31-35 years old. 44.1% were female while 55.9% were male. Only 13.0% of the respondents finished the residency program (17.1% in R1, 25.7% in R2, 21.6% in R3, 13.6% in R4 while 2.5% in R5 and 6.7% as an adhoc). 51.6% have experience of healthcare from 1 to 3 years. 31.3% respondents participated in the research as a co-author while 26.3% participated in a research as principal investigator.

Conclusion:

To conclude, it is necessary to guide the students to conduct studies and keep them motivated. It is also important to reward them so keep their interest intact in research. In this view involving students in research committee and providing them a platform for presentation are very good methods to keep them motivated.
The impact of the English medical curriculum on medical history taking from Arabic speaking patients by medical students
Authors: Alnahdi Muhannad A , Alhaider Abdullah , Bahanan Fahad , Aldubaikhi Ahmed , Aljehani Abdulrahman , Omair Aamir , Alaqeel Meshal
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

Medical education in Saudi medical colleges is delivered to students through a completely English language curriculum, whereas the practice that students face in the hospital is generally conducted in Arabic language settings. We suggest that the linguistic gap between the adopted medical curriculum and actual practice could influence students' confidence and level of difficulty in history taking in Arabic. The study aimed to identify the effects of learning history taking in the English language on applying it in the medical student's native language.

Methods:

This cross-sectional design study was held in the College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS). The targeted sample size was 377 medical students from the fourth to the sixth year, and stratified random sampling was used. The questionnaire used was self-developed, validated, and pilot tested in other medical colleges. The questionnaire asked about students' confidence, the difficulty of Arabic history taking, and suggested strategies to improve the current curriculum.

Results:

The response rate was 290 participants (76.9%), males were 205 (71%), and 136 (47%) were in the fourth year. Agreement on feeling confident while taking history taking in Arabic was 98 (33.8%), 102 (35.2%) were neutral, and 90 (31%) disagreed. Moreover, 138 (47.6%) of students preferred training for Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) in Arabic more than English, 86 (29.7%) were neutral, while 66 (22.8%) disagreed. The mean level of difficulty was 2.1 ± 0.7 (range 1- 5). Additionally, 198 (68%) of students suggested adding short Arabic history courses.

Conclusion:

Students considered history taking in Arabic as easy, even though they were not completely confident. Further efforts are needed to uplift students' of confidence to optimal levels.

Advances in Knowledge:

Communication is the cornerstone of medical education as well as clinical practice. The study explores the impact of instruction language on the physician-patient communication dynamic, providing better infrastructure for evidence-based educational practice.

Application to Patient Care:

This study gives insight into the students' level of preparation to practice in their local community and language. Furthermore, the study addresses strategies to enhance students communication skills and alleviate linguistic barriers in the physician-patient encounter.
Gliomas - An experience based on molecular markers
Authors: Sarma Susmita , Khonglah Yookarin , Mishra Jaya , Kakati Arindom , Phukan Pranjal
Published: April 2021

Background:

Gliomas account for 45% of all intracranial tumors. Newer technologies have allowed deeper genetic and epigenetic analysis leading to the discovery of IDH (Isocitrate dehydrogenase) mutations and their association with ATRX (alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked) and p53, for better diagnosis and prognosis. In this study, we analysed their expression and correlated with various clinicopathological parameters. A follow up to prognosticate gliomas based on the molecular findings is also attempted.

Materials and Method:

During last 5 years both retrospective and prospective cases were included in the study. Immunohistochemistry for IDH1, ATRX, and p53 was done and reported based on intensity and percentage of tumor cells expressing the markers.

Results:

A total of 53 cases of gliomas were included, excluding primary glioblastomas and ependymomas. The patient's age ranged from 10 to 53 years. The male to female ratio was 1.3:1. IDH1 positivity was seen in 88% of diffuse astrocytoma, 80% of anaplastic astrocytoma, 90% of oligodendroglioma, 60% of anaplastic oligodendroglioma, and 54% of glioblastoma. A significant association was seen between positive IDH1 expression and low-grade gliomas (p = 0.028). A combined analysis of expression of IDH1 and ATRX versus IDH1, ATRX, and p53 with WHO grade showed a statistically significant association. A follow-up of 32 patients was available. Out of 24 IDH1+ (positive) cases, 22 patients had a median survival of 21.5 months (92%). Out of 8 IDH1- (negative) cases, 5 had a median survival of 15.8 months (62%).

Conclusion:

Gliomas expressing IDH1 mutation show improved survival of patients. Combined analysis of IDH1, ATRX, and p53 has diagnostic and prognostic significance. For routine cases of gliomas, a combination of IDH1 and ATRX are sufficient; however, the use of p53 is recommended for further prognostication and for possible targeted therapy in the future.
Overview of e-Health initiatives in Rajasthan
Authors: Joshi Nitin Kumar , Bhardwaj Pankaj , Suthar Praveen , Jain Yogesh Kumar , Joshi Vibha , Singh Kuldeep
Published: April 2021

Background:

Government of Rajasthan has undertaken a series of e-Health initiatives, especially under various programs of National Health Mission in the past few years. There is a paucity of studies which document and provide appraisal of these initiatives in Rajasthan.

Aim:

To document ongoing e-Health Initiatives based on technologies and approaches used, coverage by the region and population, services provided and scope.

Materials and Methods:

Primary data collection in form of key-informant interviews while secondary data collection in form of internet-based search of peer and non-peer reviewed literature was conducted to achieve the study objectives. Appropriate documents, records, and reports were reviewed to ensure that all necessary information was obtained.

Results:

A total of 13 e-Health initiatives were included in the study. The e-Health programs were classified with the use of WHO's classification of Digital Health Interventions v1.0. Most of the initiatives perceived in the study were found to be beneficial to the community, covering the entire population targeted. Supporting agencies, technologies used, and challenges faced during the implementation were identified and documented. Lack of trained manpower, technical and software glitches and deficiency of awareness activities were few obstacles that were found consistent across all user groups.

Conclusions:

The overview from this study augmented the knowledge about further scopes and sustainability of these initiatives. Deploying dedicated professionals may improve the functioning of these initiatives. Since e-Health interventions significantly influence healthcare systems, further scale-up of such studies with appropriate evaluation should be planned to guide policy decisions.
Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Indore, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Sakalle Salil , Saroshe Satish , Shukla Harish , Mutha Anita , Vaze Ameya , Arora Arpit , Athotra Aditya , Ramaswamy Sudarshan , Jain Arania , Dhuria Meera , Patil Anil D. , Rai Arvind , Garg Suneela , Jain Sudhir K. , Bindal Jyoti , Singh Sujeet K.
Published: April 2021

Background:

In India, laboratory diagnosis of SARS – CoV-2 infection has been mostly based on real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Studies have shown that Viral titres peak within the first week of symptoms but may decline later hampering RT-PCR-based diagnostic strategies. Exact estimate is difficult under high-risk screening strategy with evidences of having large number of asymptomatic cases. This has prompted a call for adoption of antibody testing as potential source of data.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study with a sample size of 7000 was conducted for 15 days including all the 85 wards under Indore Municipal Corporation. Stratified Random Sampling was used to collect the samples. Trained teams collected basic sociodemographic information and serum samples which were tested for the presence of specific antibodies to COVID-19 using ICMR-Kavach IgG ELISA kits. The data collected was compiled and analysed using appropriate statistical software.

Results:

Overall weighted seroprevalence of the study population was found to be 7.75%. The prevalence in males and females was comparable (7.91% vs 7.57%). Highest seropositivity (10.04%) was seen among individuals aged more than 60 years. Total number of infections in the population were estimated to be 2,03,160. Overall Case Infection Ratio was found to be 27.43.

Conclusion:

The current seroprevalence study provides information on proportion of the population exposed, but the correlation between presence and absence of antibodies is not a marker of total or partial immunity. It must also be noted that more than 90 percent of the population is still susceptible for COVID-19 infection. Hence, non-pharmaceutical interventions like respiratory hygiene, physical distancing, hand sanitization, usage of personal protective equipment such as masks and implementation of public health measures need to be continued.
Risk factors of placenta previa with maternal and neonatal outcome at Dongola/Sudan
Authors: Salim Nahid A. , Satti Ismail
Published: April 2021

Background:

Placenta previa is a major cause of hemorrhage affecting 0.4–0.5% of all pregnancy's early detection of cases and senior input will significantly reduce maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.

Objectives:

The aim of the study is to determine risk factors, fetal and maternal outcome in pregnancy complicated by placenta previa.

Method:

This is descriptive cross-sectional study in women diagnosed with placenta previa at Dongola maternity hospital, Sudan from December 2018 to June 2019.

Results:

There were 3,674 deliveries and 52 cases of placenta previa during the study period with prevalence of 1.4%. The average age of the patients was 34.8 years and most of them were above 35 years (53.8%), and (63.5%) were para 3 and more. Other identified risk factors included previous cesarean section (69.1%), previous uterine evacuation (13.5%), and assisted reproductive technique (5.8%). Maternal complications were hemorrhage needing blood transfusion (40.4%), cesarean hysterectomy (21.2%), and bladder injury (3.8%), but (34.6%) were with good outcome and no maternal death. NICU admission with RDS (25%), prematurity (25%), and death (5.8%) were the fetal complications, while in (44.2%) fetal outcome was good.

Conclusion:

The most identifiable risk factors for placenta previa were previous uterine scars, advanced maternal age, and multiparity. And it is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.
Autopsy study of spectrum of lung lesions in Tertiary care hospital
Authors: Goswami Parth Rajendragiri , Goswami Alpeshpuri P. , Khandkar Abhijit S.
Published: April 2021

Background:

Inflammation, Infections, occupational diseases and neoplastic lesions are common in lungs. In Autopsy internal organs including lungs are studied to decide cause of death and figure out prevalence of various lung lesions. So, prophylactic prevention plan can be prepared for prevention of various lung lesions induced mortality and reducing need for invasive biopsy as well.

Aim & objective:

To find out frequency of various lung lesions in relation to age and sex and analyze histopathological spectrum of lung lesions.

Material & Methods:

Non interventional, record based cross sectional, retrospective autopsy study was done on 139 cases of lung autopsy samples at department of pathology of tertiary care hospital, Bhavnagar, Gujarat for 2 years on samples received from January 2016 to January 2018. Lungs were fixed in 10% formalin & processed. Paraffin wax embedding was done & sections stained with H&E stain. Gross and microscopic examination of samples done and diagnosis was done. All findings were recorded and tabulated.

Conclusion:

Pneumonia is most common observed pathological lung lesion in our study which suggest that infections of lungs are common cause for mortality. Therefore, we suggest effective implementation of measures to prevent hospital acquired pneumonia may reduce mortality. Smoking was associated in nearly 70% patients. Autopsy study of such lung lesions can provide vision to plan preventive strategy to reduce mortality due to lung pathology.
Opinion of primary care physicians regarding prescription of generic drugs
Authors: Charan Jaykaran , Saxena Deepak , Chaudhri Mayur , Dutta Siddhartha , Kaur Rimple Jeet , Bhardwaj Pankaj
Published: April 2021

Background:

Generics are low-cost alternatives of the existing approved branded drugs. The aim of this work was to study knowledge and perception about generic drugs among the doctors practicing in government and private healthcare sectors.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted with a prevalidated questionnaire. Physicians working in government and private healthcare sectors were asked to fill the survey form after obtaining written informed consent. Descriptive analysis was used.

Results:

Of 240, 11.6% of primary care physicians could identify all the correct statements regarding generic drugs and 57% physicians agreed or strongly agreed that doctors should prescribe only generic drugs. Substandard quality (24.4%) and less effectiveness (35.6%) of generics was cited major reason for low use. Majority (76.1%) believed that patients will accept substitution of branded with generics but 21% either did not or rarely inform patients regarding generics. Only 11.7% considered generics has low efficacy as compared to branded drugs but majority (57.4%) denied the interchangeability of generics. Majority were aware about the Jan Aushadhi scheme (79.3%) and Indian Medical Council Act (Professional conduct, Etiquette and Ethics) (76.8%). For personal use, 45.6% preferred generics. Around 44% agreed/strongly agreed for pharmacist's right to substitute branded drugs with generics but private practicing physicians opted against it.

Conclusion:

Knowledge and acceptance of generic drugs is still low amongst the doctors. Efforts need to be done increase the awareness and acceptability.
Health care of the elderly during Covid-19 pandemic—All a family physician should know
Authors: Klanidhi Kamal Bandhu , M Bhavesh , Ranjan Piyush , Chakrawarty Avinash , Bhadouria Shailendra S.
Published: April 2021

Elderly people account for more than 9% of the global population, and more than 6% of the Indian population. Covid-19 has badly affected the older population, identification of risk factors for severe disease and early intervention results in reduced mortality. Older adults may have a varied spectrum of presentation which ranges from mild to severe disease. Milder diseases are more in older adults without prior comorbidities whereas severity increases with increase in number of illness. Till date there is no definitive treatment and vaccines are also at different stages of trial only preventive methods and early detection of cases are important tools for fighting this pandemic. Dedicated centre's for elder care as well as trained geriatricians are very few in India. Prevention should be the most important strategy for older adults. Follow social distancing and maintain a distance of 1 meter from others even if you are healthy. Wash hands repeatedly with soap and water or use hand sanitizer and generous use of masks. Older adults should be encouraged to take their regular medication and the baseline disease should be under controlled. Frequent teleconsultation from the primary physician should be done repeatedly to identify the symptoms and also control of baseline disease. Considering Covid-19 increased mortality and severity in the older population we are providing practical suggestions for family physicians while managing elderly Covid patients.