bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient physical layer key generation technique in wireless communications
Authors: Lin Rushan , Xu Li , Fang He , Huang Chuan
Published: January 2020

Wireless communications between two devices can be protected by secret keys. However, existing key generation schemes suffer from the high bit disagreement rate and low bit generation rate. In this paper, we propose an efficient physical layer key generation scheme by exploring the Received Signal Strength (RSS) of signals. In order to reduce the high mismatch rate of the measurements and to increase the key generation rate, a pair of transmitter and receiver separately apply adaptive quantization algorithm for quantifying the measurements. Then, we implement a randomness extractor to further increase key generation rate and ensure randomness of generated of keys. Several real-world experiments are implemented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. The results show that compared with the other related schemes, our scheme performs better in bit generation rate, bit disagreement rate, and randomness.
Assessing the completeness and comparability of outcomes in systematic reviews addressing food security: protocol for a methodological study
Authors: Durão Solange , Visser Marianne , Kredo Tamara , Saldanha Ian J.
Published: January 2020

Background

Systematic reviews should specify all outcomes at the protocol stage. Pre-specification helps prevent outcome choice from being influenced by knowledge of included study results. Completely specified outcomes comprise five elements: (1) domain (title), (2) specific measurement (technique/instrument), (3) specific metric (data format for analysis), (4) method of aggregation (how group data are summarised), and (5) time points. This study aims to assess the completeness of outcome pre-specification in systematic reviews of interventions to improve food security, specifically food availability, in low- and middle-income countries, as well as to assess the comparability of outcome elements across reviews reporting the same outcome domains.

Methods

We will examine systematic reviews from an ongoing overview of systematic reviews, which assessed the effects of interventions addressing food insecurity through improving food production, access, or utilisation compared with no intervention or a different intervention, on nutrition outcomes. We will examine the original protocols; if unavailable, we will examine the “Methods” section of the systematic reviews’ most recent version. One investigator will identify and group all outcome domains that the authors of the included protocols intended to measure in the systematic review and a second investigator will verify the domains. For outcome domains reported in at least 25% of protocols, one author will extract data using a pre-specified form and a second author will verify the data. We will use descriptive statistics to report the number, types, and degree of specification of outcomes in included protocols. We will assess the extent of completeness of outcome pre-specification based on the number of outcome elements (out of five). We will assess comparability of outcome domains through examining how individual elements are described across SRs reporting the same outcome domains.

Discussion

Our findings will contribute to understanding about the best approach to pre-specify outcomes for systematic reviews and primary research in the field of food security.
Boundary layer expansions for initial value problems with two complex time variables
Authors: Lastra A. , Malek S.
Published: January 2020

We study a family of partial differential equations in the complex domain, under the action of a complex perturbation parameter ϵ. We construct inner and outer solutions of the problem and relate them to asymptotic representations via Gevrey asymptotic expansions with respect to ϵ in adequate domains. The asymptotic representation leans on the cohomological approach determined by the Ramis–Sibuya theorem.
Anomaly detection in business processes using process mining and fuzzy association rule learning
Authors: Sarno Riyanarto , Sinaga Fernandes , Sungkono Kelly Rossa
Published: January 2020

Much corporate organization nowadays implement enterprise resource planning (ERP) to manage their business processes. Because the processes run continuously, ERP produces a massive log of processes. Manual observation will have difficulty monitoring the enormous log, especially detecting anomalies. It needs the method that can detect anomalies in the large log. This paper proposes the integration of process mining, fuzzy multi-attribute decision making and fuzzy association rule learning to detect anomalies. Process mining analyses the conformance between recorded event logs and standard operating procedures. The fuzzy multi-attribute decision making is applied to determine the anomaly rates. Finally, the fuzzy association rule learning develops association rules that will be employed to detect anomalies. The results of our experiment showed that the accuracy of the association rule learning method was 0.975 with a minimum confidence level of 0.9 and that the accuracy of the fuzzy association rule learning method was 0.925 with a minimum confidence level of 0.3. Therefore, the fuzzy association rule learning method can detect fraud at low confidence levels.
Decreasing the execution time of reducers by revising clustering based on the futuristic greedy approach
Authors: Bakhthemmat Ali , Izadi Mohammad
Published: January 2020

MapReduce is used within the Hadoop framework, which handles two important tasks: mapping and reducing. Data clustering in mappers and reducers can decrease the execution time, as similar data can be assigned to the same reducer with one key. Our proposed method decreases the overall execution time by clustering and lowering the number of reducers. Our proposed algorithm is composed of five phases. In the first phase, data are stored in the Hadoop structure. In the second phase, we cluster data using the MR-DBSCAN-KD method in order to determine all of the outliers and clusters. Then, the outliers are assigned to the existing clusters using the futuristic greedy method. At the end of the second phase, similar clusters are merged together. In the third phase, clusters are assigned to the reducers. Note that fewer reducers are required for this task by applying approximated load balancing between the reducers. In the fourth phase, the reducers execute their jobs in each cluster. Eventually, in the final phase, reducers return the output. Decreasing the number of reducers and revising the clustering helped reducers to perform their jobs almost simultaneously. Our research results indicate that the proposed algorithm improves the execution time by about 3.9% less than the fastest algorithm in our experiments.
Do cerebral microbleeds affect cognition in patients with symptomatic small vessel disease?
Authors: Abdullah Kholoud Mahmoud , Zakieldin Hany Mahmoud , Bayomy Iman Mohamed , Awadallah Maryse Youssef , Wahid El Din Mona Mokhtar
Published: January 2020

Background

Dementia and cognitive impairment are becoming increasingly a major health problem, pronounced by increased life expectancy. Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is among the major causes of cognitive deterioration, yet cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) which are a common association of cSVD are still not sure to be related to cognition.

Aim of the study

The study aims to determine whether the number and localization of CMBs correlate with cognition in patients with symptomatic small vessel disease (SVD), according to Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test.

Subjects and methods

This cross-sectional study included 85 Egyptian patients with symptomatic SVD, from the neuropsychiatry clinic of the Main Suez Hospital in Suez City, in the period between February 2017 and February 2018. Subjects were classified according to CMB presence into CMB-positive and CMB-negative groups. Both groups are assessed using MRI imaging and MoCA test for cognitive function.

Results

In our study, CMBs recorded a high prevalence rate of SVD patients. Subjects with MBs were mainly males and significantly older, with higher white matter lesion volume and more lacunar infarcts. MoCA test detected significant impairment in visuospatial/executive function, attention, and total scores in CMB-positive group. Both frontal and parietal MBs showed independent association with visuospatial/executive impairment. Deep MBs in the basal ganglia were proved to be independent risk factor for attention affection.

Conclusion

Number and localization of MBs proved to be important in determining cognitive consequences. The relations with cognitive performance were mainly driven by frontal, parietal, and deep located MBs in the basal ganglia. Memory affection in frontal MBs was dependent to severe white matter intensities and lacunes.
Caviar, soup and other dishes made of Eurasian ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernua (Linnaeus, 1758): forgotten foodstuff in central, north and west Europe and its possible revival
Authors: Svanberg Ingvar , Locker Alison
Published: January 2020

Background

Many freshwater fish species that were earlier appreciated by consumers have disappeared in the central, north and west European foodways. Although they were regarded as healthy and tasty, commercially captured marine species and highly processed products have nowadays replaced these fishes. The global transformations of the food system contribute to the erosion of many local foodstuffs. Habitual tastes disappear.

Methods

The article is based on a vast amount of scattered original data found in sources such as in local ethnographical studies, fishing reports, topographic literature, zoological literature, archaeological fish reports, and cookery books

Results and discussion

This article discusses how Eurasian ruffe,Gymnocephalus cernua(L., 1758), once was used, and the reason for its disappearance, as foodstuff in some parts of Europe. Actually, it is a fish with potential for a revival as fine food. The authors discuss the chances of its rediscovery as a foodstuff, which could be used for instance within the concept of the New Nordic Cuisine and beyond. There are also environmental reasons to increase the use of local biodiversity not to mention making tastier food.

Conclusion

Ruffe is a common species in many waters and nowadays a non-used potential food resource.
The near-surface velocity reversal and its detection via unsupervised machine learning
Authors: Sun Mengyao , Zhang Jie
Published: January 2020

In land seismic data processing, picking the first arrivals and imaging the near-surface velocity structures are important tasks. However, in many areas, the near-surface weathering layer includes high-velocity reversals, causing the first arrivals to exhibit shingling effects, which are difficult for picking at the far offset. We have used an acoustic full-waveform modeling method in a multilayered half-space to simulate first arrivals with the velocity reversal. Numerical tests indicate that under certain conditions, shingling occurs if the seismic wave propagates through a thin velocity reversal layer embedded in the shallow structures. Detection of shingling is essential for the selection of valid near-surface imaging solutions, such as first-arrival refraction, or waveform solutions for the appropriate areas. We find that an automated detection scheme that uses unsupervised machine learning can help identify the velocity reversal. We test the method on synthetic and real data, and the testing shows that the automated detection result matches our visual judgment well. After the automated detection, appropriate inversion approaches can be applied to corresponding areas.
Can learning from natural image denoising be used for seismic data interpolation?
Authors: Zhang Hao , Yang Xiuyan , Ma Jianwei
Published: January 2020

We have developed an interpolation method based on the denoising convolutional neural network (CNN) for seismic data. It provides a simple and efficient way to break through the problem of the scarcity of geophysical training labels that are often required by deep learning methods. This new method consists of two steps: (1) training a set of CNN denoisers to learn denoising from natural image noisy-clean pairs and (2) integrating the trained CNN denoisers into the project onto convex set (POCS) framework to perform seismic data interpolation. We call it the CNN-POCS method. This method alleviates the demands of seismic data that require shared similar features in the applications of end-to-end deep learning for seismic data interpolation. Additionally, the adopted method is flexible and applicable for different types of missing traces because the missing or down-sampling locations are not involved in the training step; thus, it is of a plug-and-play nature. These indicate the high generalizability of the proposed method and a reduction in the necessity of problem-specific training. The primary results of synthetic and field data show promising interpolation performances of the adopted CNN-POCS method in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio, dealiasing, and weak-feature reconstruction, in comparison with the traditional [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] prediction filtering, curvelet transform, and block-matching 3D filtering methods.
3D wave-equation dispersion inversion of surface waves recorded on irregular topography
Authors: Liu Zhaolun , Li Jing , Hanafy Sherif M. , Lu Kai , Schuster Gerard
Published: January 2020

Irregular topography can cause strong scattering and defocusing of propagating surface waves, so it is important to account for such effects when inverting surface waves for shallow S-wave velocity structures. We have developed a 3D surface-wave dispersion inversion method that takes into account the topographic effects modeled by a 3D spectral element solver. The objective function is the frequency summation of the squared wavenumber differences [Formula: see text] along each azimuthal angle of the fundamental mode or higher-order modes of Rayleigh waves in each shot gather. The wavenumbers [Formula: see text] associated with the dispersion curves are calculated using the data recorded along the irregular free surface. Numerical tests on synthetic and field data demonstrate that 3D topographic wave equation dispersion inversion (TWD) can accurately invert for the S-wave velocity model from surface-wave data recorded on irregular topography. Field data tests for data recorded across an Arizona fault demonstrate that, for this example, the 2D TWD model can be as accurate as the 3D tomographic model. This suggests that in some cases, the 2D TWD inversion is preferred over 3D TWD because of its significant reduction in computational costs. Compared to the 3D P-wave velocity tomogram, the 3D S-wave tomogram agrees much more closely with the geologic model taken from the trench log. The agreement with the trench log is even better when the [Formula: see text] tomogram is computed, which reveals a sharp change in velocity across the fault. The localized velocity anomaly in the [Formula: see text] tomogram is in very good agreement with the well log. Our results suggest that integrating the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] tomograms can sometimes give the most accurate estimates of the subsurface geology across normal faults.
Noise reduction with reflection supervirtual interferometry
Authors: Lu Kai , Liu Zhaolun , Hanafy Sherif , Schuster Gerard
Published: January 2020

To image deeper portions of the earth, geophysicists must record reflection data with much greater source-receiver offsets. The problem with these data is that the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) significantly diminishes with greater offset. In many cases, the poor S/N makes the far-offset reflections imperceptible on the shot records. To mitigate this problem, we have developed supervirtual reflection interferometry (SVI), which can be applied to far-offset reflections to significantly increase their S/N. The key idea is to select the common pair gathers where the phases of the correlated reflection arrivals differ from one another by no more than a quarter of a period so that the traces can be coherently stacked. The traces are correlated and summed together to create traces with virtual reflections, which in turn are convolved with one another and stacked to give the reflection traces with much stronger S/Ns. This is similar to refraction SVI except far-offset reflections are used instead of refractions. The theory is validated with synthetic tests where SVI is applied to far-offset reflection arrivals to significantly improve their S/N. Reflection SVI is also applied to a field data set where the reflections are too noisy to be clearly visible in the traces. After the implementation of reflection SVI, the normal moveout velocity can be accurately picked from the SVI-improved data, leading to a successful poststack migration for this data set.
Seismic petrophysics workflow applied to Delaware Basin
Authors: Del Moro Yoryenys , Anantharamu Venkatesh , Vernik Lev , Quaglia Alfonso , Carrillo Eduardo
Published: January 2020

Petrophysical analysis of unconventional plays that are comprised of organic mudrock needs detailed data QC and preparation to optimize the results of quantitative interpretation. This includes accurate computation of mineral volumes, total organic carbon (TOC), porosity, and saturations. We used TOC estimation to aid the process of determining the best pay zones for development of such reservoirs. TOC was calculated as a weighted average of Passey’s (empirical) and the bulk density-based (theoretical) methods. In organic mudrock reservoirs, the computed TOC log was used as an input to compute porosity and calibrate rock-physics models (RPMs), which are needed for understanding the potential of source rocks or finding sweet spots and their contribution to the amplitude variation with offset (AVO) changes in the seismic data. Using calibrated RPM templates, we found that TOC is driving the elastic property variations in the Avalon Formation. We determined the layering and rock fabric anisotropy using empirical relationships or modeled in the rock property characterization process because reflectivity effects are often seen in the observed seismic used for well tie and wavelet estimation. A Class IV AVO response was seen at the top of the Avalon Formation, which is typical of an unconventional reservoir. We then performed solid organic matter (TOC) substitution to account for variability of elastic properties and their contrasts as expressed in seismic amplitudes. To complete the characterization of the intervals of interest, we used conventional seismic petrophysical methods in the workflow and found that the main driver modifying the elastic properties for the Avalon shales was TOC; this conclusion serves as a foundation in integrated seismic inversion that may target lithofacies, TOC, and geomechanical properties. Seismic reservoir characterization results are critical in constraining landing zones and trajectories of the horizontal wells. The final interpretation may be used to rank targets, optimize drilling campaigns, and ultimately improve production.
THERMAL BEHAVIOUR CORRELATION FOR THERMAL COLUMN IN THE NATIONAL RESEARCH UNIVERSAL (NRU) REACTOR
Authors: Azih C. , Mazhar H. , Baschuk J. , Nitheanandan T.
Published: January 2020

The National Research Universal (NRU) reactor is a major research facility that provides a beam of slow neutrons with a minimum of gamma rays and other types of radiation for experimental purposes. The thermal column consists of 5 graphite radial sections separated with an air gap for cooling. The graphite components require continuous monitoring to ascertain that temperatures are controlled within safe margins. Wall temperatures of the graphite sections are obtained via thermocouples affixed to the column walls. The safety margins for operation of the thermal column are driven by the temperatures of the closest radial section to the reactor core (HG1). Although, most of the thermocouples in HG1 are no longer functional, the thermocouples are functional in the adjacent graphite section (HG2). This study relied on the historical data of the graphite temperatures over a few years to develop an empirical correlation that relates temperatures in HG1 to those of HG2. The correlation sets limits on the functional thermocouples in HG2 to ensure HG1 remains within the prescribed limits (149–232 °C). Correlations were developed using statistical analysis of the historical data. A control band of approximately 40 °C for HG2 with confidence levels of 68% and 95%, respectively, were established.
The well term baby
Authors: Lindsay Pat , Linay Denise
Published: January 2020

Most babies born at term (born by the due date) are normal and healthy at birth and neonatal progress is usually uneventful. Maternity support workers (MSWs) deliver much of the professional care newborn babies receive. They are in constant contact with new parents and are in a good position to note neonatal progress and answer parents' questions. They may be among the first to notice if the infant's appearance or behaviour seems to be unusual. The MSW does not make clinical diagnoses, but a knowledge of the appearance and characteristics of the normal neonate can help them to identify any potential deviations from the norm at an early stage. This will make care safer and improve outcomes.
Blood spot screening programme for newborns
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: January 2020

The blood spot screening programme for newborns allows potentially harmful diseases to be identified at a very early stage prior to any significant damage being done. This article offers an overview of the blood spot screening programmes offered by the NHS in all four countries of the UK. Blood spot screening does not provide a diagnosis, it identifies those at risk of being affected. Babies who have positive results will undergo further diagnostic tests in order to exclude or confirm the diagnosis.
The value nurses and midwives hold
Authors: Nuttall Sally , Pezaro Sally
Published: January 2020

Sally Nuttall, a registered nurse, and Dr Sally Pezaro, a registered midwife, come together to share ideas in relation to what makes the nursing and midwifery professions so trustworthy
An exploration of reasons why some women may leave the birth experience with emotional distress
Authors: Baxter Jackie
Published: January 2020

Background

Following birth, some women report negative and traumatic feelings. There is relatively little research on women's perceptions of these emotions. It is important to understand why some women experience distress following labour. The work presented in this paper focuses on one aspect of a wider mixed methods research study.

Aims

To explore reasons why some women may leave the birth experience with emotional distress.

Method

A descriptive qualitative approach was used. A total of 16 semi-structured, qualitative interviews were undertaken. These were with women following birth, some of whom had attended a local birth reflections service. Thematic analysis was performed using typewritten transcripts.

Findings

Three key themes were identified which illuminated the topic of women's subjective distress: ‘giving birth as traumatic/horrific’, ‘lasting emotions linked to the birth process’ and ‘the impact of the health professional on women's experiences of giving birth’. As well as identifying how women are feeling following birth, this study has also highlighted how midwives can affect women's birth experience. It seems that trauma relating to the birth event may be mediated by professional behaviours and how supportive they are.

Conclusion

Lack of support by care professionals was a key factor associated with a negative birth experience. Maternity services and education providers need to ensure optimal training for all healthcare professionals who provide care to women during labour and birth.
Reflecting on #16DaysofActivism2019
Authors: Pezaro Sally
Published: January 2020

Following the 16-day campaign ‘Orange the world: generation equality stands against rape’, Dr Sally Pezaro discusses its relevance to midwives who experience domestic abuse
Learning to be a midwife
Authors: Ladkin Rosie
Published: January 2020

As a newly qualified midwife, Rosie Ladkin explains how it is the women she has cared for who have inspired and taught her the most
A life worth living
Authors: Enoch Nicola
Published: January 2020

Sharing the news about Down syndrome: Nicola Enoch discusses the impact attitudes have on parents
An exploration of the attitudes and perceptions of the UK public towards self-care for minor ailments
Authors: Scott Ashley , Jones Colin
Published: January 2020

Aims and objectives:

the purpose of this pilot study was to explore the attitudes and perceptions of members of the UK public towards self-care for minor ailments.

Background:

with an ageing and increasing population, and an NHS under extreme pressure, methods to reduce demand on health services are vital. Increasing the use of self-care for minor ailments is one way in which this pressure could be alleviated.

Design and method:

this study used qualitative methods including semi-structured telephone interviews. The data were then evaluated, and key themes drawn out using thematic analysis.

Findings:

the results showed that the public are aware of the notion of self-care, and some are engaging with it. However, for a number of reasons, patients are still likely to want a face-to-face appointment despite the use of online and telephone advice services.

Conclusion:

the study highlighted that there are multifactorial aspects impacting on a patient's likelihood of engaging in self-care when faced with a minor illness. The results are not generalisable to every member of the public, but interesting questions are raised with regard to the usefulness of current public health messages in various media when there appears to be a lack of desire from the public to use some recommended services.
A multicentre prospective audit of bedside hydration in hospital
Authors: Davidson Joseph , Folkard Samuel , Hinckley Matthew , Uglow Elizabeth , Wright Oliver , Bloomfield Thomas , Patel Mehool
Published: January 2020

Introduction:

access to water at the bedside is a cornerstone of patient care. Among bedbound inpatients, water within reach at the bedside is a basic human dignity and one that ought not to be neglected.

Aim:

the authors sought to identify the extent to which accessible hydration facilities were provided to a bedbound inpatient population.

Methods:

a cross-sectional, point-prevalent audit of hospitalised medical inpatients across five centres was conducted. Data were collected between meal times and noted baseline demographics and admission details, adequacy of oral hydration provision at the bedside and, where provision was inadequate, factors associated with this.

Results:

across a total surveyed patient population of 559 we identified 138 patients who were bedbound. Among these bedbound patients, 6% (n=8) had no water provided at the bedside. However, 7 of these were deemed to be unable to swallow safely. In total, 44 (32%) of the 138 bedbound patients were unable to reach the water at their bedside; 18 of these patients would have been able to drink for themselves had the water been in reach.

Conclusion:

there is significant room for improvement in ensuring patients who are immobile are able to reach drinking apparatus at the bedside. In the five centres surveyed, approximately one in five bedbound patients with no contraindication are unable to reach an essential means of hydration.
Digital can make a difference
Authors: Foster Sam
Published: January 2020

Sam Foster, Chief Nurse, Oxford University Hospitals, considers the need for nurse leaders to champion progress in digital technology and information-sharing with the aim of providing better care
Guidelines for malaria prevention in travellers: what is new?
Authors: Gawthrop Mary
Published: January 2020

Practice nurses are at the forefront of malaria prevention in travellers. Mary Gawthrop gives an overview of the recent changes to the UK guidelines

Malaria is a severe and potentially life-threatening febrile illness caused by infection with the parasite Plasmodium. Malaria does not currently occur naturally in the UK, but continues to be a significant, preventable risk for UK travellers visiting malaria-endemic countries. Public Health England (PHE) provide annual updated guidelines for health professionals advising UK travellers on malaria prevention. The PHE guidelines provide country-specific malaria recommendations, including malaria prevalence maps, advice for special risk travellers like pregnant women, and contain a frequently asked questions section. This article covers the updates made in the most recently published version of the guidelines.
The sharp end of diabetes nursing
Authors: Mills Lesley
Published: January 2020

Needle stick injuries are a serious concern for nurses and other healthcare workers, says Lesley Mills
Becoming a lead nurse in a primary care network
Authors: Blackwell Clare
Published: January 2020

The new primary care networks provide opportunities for nurses working in general practice. Clare Blackwell provides an insight into the role of lead nurse in a primary care network
A New Wireless Device for Real-Time Mechanical Impact Evaluation in a Citrus Packing Line
Authors: Vallone Mariangela , Alleri Maria , Bono Filippa , Catania Pietro
Published: January 2020

Postharvest handling of fresh fruit is a potential source of bruising and damage, with significant consequences for fruit quality and marketability. In the last 30 years, different types of impact-recording devices (also called electronic fruits or pseudo-fruits) have been developed with the aim of measuring the impacts experienced by fruits during postharvest operations. The aim of this study was to develop and test a novel wireless instrumented sphere to study the critical points in a citrus packing line by measuring the impacts experienced by fruits in real-time. The non-commercial device was based on a MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical system) sensor node with a sensing range from ±1×g to ±400×g (g = 9.8 m s-2), a ferroelectric RAM (FRAM) memory, a radio frequency (RF) transmitter, a microcontroller, and a 75 mAh lithium battery. The sensor node was placed inside a plastic ellipsoid case with a total weight of 100 g to represent a ‘Tardivo di Ciaculli’ mandarin. An FR receiver allowed real-time transmission of the measured data. Tests were performed in the Consorzio del Mandarino Tardivo di Ciaculli packing line (Palermo, Italy). Total acceleration values, representing the stresses experienced by fruit in the packing line, were studied using a variance component model. The results showed that total acceleration remained below 20×g in most of the measurements, but considerably higher values, up to 80×g, were obtained between the brushing and waxing machines. In particular, waxing was identified as the most critical operation based on the impact transmitted to the fruit. Our system proved to be effective for immediate on-line assessment of the accelerations experienced by fruits, allowing prompt intervention to guarantee fruit quality in postharvest operations.

Highlights

A novel, wirelessly instrumented sphere was developed and tested to study the critical points in a fruit packing line.

The total acceleration experienced by the fruits was studied using a variance component model.

The system was proven effective in online assessment of the accelerations experienced by fruits. Keywords: Acceleration, Damage, Instrumented sphere, Mandarin, Postharvest.
Isolation of antagonistic fungi from rhizospheres and its biocontrol activity against different isolates of soil borne fungal pathogens infected legumes
Authors: YUSNAWAN ERIYANTO , INAYATI ALFI , BALIADI YULIANTORO
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Yusnawan E, Inayati A, Baliadi Y. 2019. Isolation of antagonistic fungi from rhizospheres and its biocontrol activity against different isolates of soil borne fungal pathogens infected legumes. Biodiversitas 20: 2048-2054. Soilborne diseases caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium sp. are biotic limits for legume production. Biological controls offer environmental friendly control for these pathogens. This study aimed to isolate and screen Trichoderma from different rhizospheres and to obtain effective Trichoderma isolates to suppress in vitro growth of the soil borne pathogens. The antagonistic inhibitory activity was performed by dual culture method. Seven out of forty indigenous Trichoderma isolates collected from East Java, Indonesia effectively suppressed the growth of different fungal isolates, namely Rhizoctonia solani (R.s1), R. solani (R.s2) as well as Fusarium sp. which infected soybean and mung bean. In vitro study showed different suppression of the pathogens on dual culture tests. The seven isolates inhibited the growth of R. solani (R.s1), R.solani (R.s2) and Fusarium sp. ranging from 90.0 to 99.6%, 72.8 to 82.4%, and 67.9 to 90.8%, respectively. Isolate origin and genetic variability of Trichoderma played an important role in the antagonistic activity. The fast-growing of selected Trichoderma showed their abilities for space occupation and nutrition competition, which involved in the antagonistic activity. The mycelial growth of Trichoderma over pathogens showed hyperparasitism mechanism. In addition, coiling of Trichoderma over hyphal pathogens was observed during microscopic observation. The seven Trichoderma isolates, therefore, are promising as biological control agents against the soil borne fungi infected legumes.
Stem anatomical study of some Iranian Marrubium L. species
Authors: Talebi Sayed Mehdi , MASOUD SHEIDAI  , FATEMEH ARIYANEJAD  , Matsyura Alex
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Talebi SM, Sheidai M, Ariyanejad F, Matsyura A. 2019. Stem anatomical study of some Iranian Marrubium L. species. Biodiversitas 20: 2589-2595. Marrubium is one of problematic genera of Lamiaceae family which distributed in different parts of Iran with 11 species. These species have been used in folk medicine for treatment of different disorders. In the present study, we used stem anatomical characteristics of six Marrubium species for taxonomical treatment of the genus and delimitation of these species. Based on the geographical distribution, one to three populations were selected from each species. Stem hand transverses were double-stained and studied using Light Microscopy. In total, sixteen qualitative and quantitative anatomical traits were studied. Anatomical data were analyzed using MVSP and SPSS software. Stems in transverse section were quadrangle, with a continuous ring of vascular tissue. The anatomical characteristics varied among the species, while the ANOVA test revealed significant variations for some of them. The studied species and their populations were divided into two groups in the UPGMA dendrogram of anatomical data. Populations of each species did not cluster together and were scattered in these groups, except those for M. cuneatum, which were clustered in only one group. Furthermore, these groups were clearly observed in PCA plot. According to CA-joined plot, each group or population had distinct anatomical feature (s) which was useful in identification of them. In some cases, the clustering pattern agreed with previous molecular and morphological studies, while in several times populations clustering did not agree with traditional classification of species as Flora of Iran and Flora Iranica. It seems that some infraspecific ranks must be redefined.
Short Communication: Land cover changes from 2005 to 2015 in Mantangai area of Dayak Ngaju, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Saharjo Bambang Hero , Hadiwijoyo Erekso
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Saharjo BH, Hadiwijoyo E. 2019. Short Communication: Land cover changes from 2005 to 2015 in Mantangai area of Dayak Ngaju, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2596-2602. Forest and land fires in Indonesia are well recognized, directly or indirectly, as the main contributors to deforestation and greenhouse gas emission related to the global climate change. Usually, local peoples are blamed for those fires especially when negative impact occurred. Fortunately, not all of the local peoples do the same thing as it is shown by Dayak Ngaju in Block A of ex-Mega Rice Project (Ex-MRP) Project area located in Mantangai sub-district Kapuas district, Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia, where this research was conducted. The objective of this study was to know land the cover changes related to the use of fire for land preparation, and how the Dayak Ngaju people implement their knowledge and experience in the field. This objective was achieved by analyzing satellite images of Landsat 7 and 8 for a period of time starting from 2005 to 2015. Results of the research showed that the local people started clearing the land with fire at the end of September (dry season) or early October (the rainy season) yearly, as it could be seen from the changes of the land cover from secondary swamp forest into swamp shrub and from secondary swamp forest into fields. Meanwhile, at the protected area where peat was dominant, land cover change occurred due to land rights conflicts, and not to the use of fire for land preparation using fire by Dayak Ngaju communities, because they found that the results were not good and the planted rice would die three months after planting..
Short Communication: Selection of doubled haploid lines of rainfed lowland rice in preliminary yield trial
Authors: Akbar Miftahur Rizqi , Purwoko Bambang Sapta , Dewi Iswari Saraswati , Suwarno Willy Bayuardi , Sugiyanta
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Akbar MR, Purwoko BS, Dewi IS, Suwarno WB, Sugiyanta. 2019. Short Communication: Selection of doubled haploid lines of rainfed lowland rice in preliminary yield trial. Biodiversitas 20: 2796-2801. Yield trial is an important step in rice breeding program. This research was aimed at evaluating agronomic characters and selecting the best doubled haploid rainfed rice lines for next advanced yield trial. An experiment was conducted in Indramayu from March to August 2017. The research was arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Materials used were fifty-eight doubled haploid lines and two check varieties namely Ciherang and Inpari 18. The results revealed that all observed characters had broad genetic variability and high heritability. The number of productive tillers and the number of filled grains per panicle had a positive correlation and direct effect on productivity. Based on index selection, thirty lines were selected to have good agronomic characters and high yield. These lines had characteristics of plant height (85.7-124.7 cm), number of productive tillers (8.6-14.8 tillers), day to harvest (104.0-117.3 days), number of filled grains per panicle (136.7-264.7 grains), number of total grains per panicle (152.0-305.7 grains), weight of 1000 grain (21.5-31.3 g), and productivity (4.1-6.8 tons ha-1).

Keywords: good agronomic trait, high yield potential, selection index
Species diversity, stand productivity, aboveground biomass, and economic value of mangrove ecosystem in Mentawir Village, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: ROCHADI KRISTININGRUM  , ABUBAKAR M. LAHJIE  , MASJAYA  , SYAHRIR YUSUF  , RUSLIM YOSEP
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Kristiningrum R, Lahjie AM, Masjaya, Yusuf S, Ruslim Y. 2019. Species diversity, stand productivity, aboveground biomass, and economic value of mangrove ecosystem in Mentawir Village, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2848-2857. Mangrove forest is one of the important ecosystems. It provides a variety of benefits both ecologically and economically. There are many biodiversity values of mangrove ecosystems that it can be evaluated economically. This study aims to: (i) identify the species diversity of mangrove forest; (ii) analyze the mangrove productivity and aboveground biomass; (iii) analyze the ecosystem value of mangrove forest in Mentawir Village, Penajam Paser District, East Kalimantan Province. The research used systematic random sampling method by establishing two plots with extent of one hectare for each plot in which each plot was divided into 20m x 20m subplots. The volume and mean annual increment (MAI), as well as current annual increment (CAI), were calculated. Economic value of mangrove ecosystem was calculated using Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) to reveal the total margin between Willingness to Pay (WTP) of wood produced by mangrove forest and Willingness to Accept (WTA) of fisheries catches. The results showed that there were 12 species of mangroves in the studied areas in which Rhizophora apiculata was the dominant species. Total aboveground biomass in Plot I and Plot II were respectively 127.46 tons ha-1 (62.61 tons C ha-1) and 79.26 (38.85 tons C ha-1) and dominated by Rhizophoraceace family with 76.80%, while 23.22% of the biomass was contributed by other mangrove families. The mangrove forest had a maximum average volume increment at 48 years and 42 years with MAI of 2.97 ha-1yr-1and 2.12 m3 ha-1yr-1 at Plot I and Plot II, respectively, with the total volume reached 127.5 m3 ha-1 and 79.60 m3 ha-1. The calculation of total margin between WTP and WTA indicated that in economic value of mangrove ecosystem in Mentawir Village with an extent of 2,300 ha was between IDR 207,000,000 yr-1 and IDR 345,000,000 yr-1. Our findings suggest that a good mangrove ecosystem will result in high economic value and biodiversity values cannot be separated from economic benefits in order to protect its sustainability.
Network mapping in the development of elephant conservation center in North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Situmorang Rospita Odorlina P , Kuswanda Wanda
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Situmorang ROP, Kuswanda W. 2019. Network mapping in the development of elephant conservation center in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2858-2867. A project in the Aek Nauli Elephant Conservation Camp (ANECC) is being carried out to conserve Sumatran elephant handled by several institutions within the Ministry of Environmental and Forestry of Republic of Indonesia and other supporting stakeholders. A social networking analysis (SNA) had been carried out to analyze the social interactions of the stakeholders in the development of the ANECC. This research aimed at finding out the important actors in the network and describing at the social network gap in the development of ANECC objectives as conservation, and research, and ecotourism center. From the research, we found four institutions engaged in conservation, research, and animal health surveillance as the core actors and 19 other institutions as the periphery actors consisting of authorities, local government, businessmen, and local people. The study also found that the Environmental and Forestry Research and Development Institute Aek Nauli is the most influential actor in the network, and the National Planning Agency and Girsang Sipanganbolon Sub-district as the bridging actors who connect the supporting actors to the core actors. Conservation aspect is the most communicated in the network, followed by ecotourism, and research. Our research also found that conservation and research aspects have been handled by the appropriate institutions, however, ecotourism has not been handled by certain agencies responsible for the development of ecotourism. Hence, the study suggests that the core actors can consider binding cooperation with potential entrepreneurs on tourism around the site to develop ecotourism sector in ANECC.
Volatile compound profiles and cytotoxicity in essential oils from rhizome of Curcuma aeruginosa and Curcuma zanthorrhiza
Authors: RIZKI FITRIA  , DJAROT SASONGKO HAMI SENO  , BAMBANG PONTJO PRIOSOERYANTO  , HARTANTI  , Nurcholis Waras
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Fitria R, Seno DSH, Priosoeryanto BP, Hartanti, Nurcholis W. 2019. Volatile compound profiles and cytotoxicity in essential oils from rhizome of Curcuma aeruginosa and Curcuma zanthorrhiza. Biodiversitas 20: 2943-2948. Cancer becomes one of the uncontagious diseases that occupy the top position in the cause of human death under 70 years in the world. Breast cancer is the most widely experienced cancer by women. The aim of this study was to obtain cytotoxic activity essential oil of Curcuma aeruginosa and Curcuma zanthorrhiza as antiproliferative substance of cancer cells and to analyze volatile profile of C. aeruginosa and C. zanthorrhiza essential oils. The essential oils were obtained from rhizomes of C. aeruginosa and C. zanthorrhiza by using hydrodistillation method. Volatile compositions of essential oils were analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrophotometry (GC/MS). The cytotoxic activities of the essential oil samples were evaluated using brine shrimp lethality test and against MCF-7 (Michigan Cancer Foundation-7) and Vero cells. The essential oils of C. aeruginosa, and C. zanthorrhiza showed cytotoxic activities to brine shrimp and MCF-7. Cytotoxic activity presented in essential oil from C. aeruginosa and C. zanthorrhiza showed lower activity compared with Doxorubicin. The major compounds of C. aeruginosa were tropolone (18.1%), eucalyptol (17.9%), and curcumol (5.7%), whereas C. zanthorrhiza were xanthorrhizol (26.8%), b-curcumene (17.0%), ar-curcumene (15.0%), and germacrone (5.4%).
The use of multiplex-PCR method in identification of Candida species from vaginal candidiasis patients
Authors: SUSILAWATI  , KEMAS YA’KUB RAHADIYANTO  , MUHAIMIN RAMDJA  , THEODORUS  , Hermansyah Hermansyah
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Susilawati, Rahadiyanto KY, Ramdja, Theodorus, Hermansyah. 2019. The use of multiplex-PCR method in identification of Candida species from vaginal candidiasis patients. Biodiversitas 20: 3063-3069. Vaginal Candidiasis is an infection caused by a yeast called Candida which may be resulted in different virulences, thus leading to a varied drug of choice for therapy. The objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of multiplex-PCR test in detecting Candida species in women with clinical diagnosis of vaginal candidiasis. There were 79 vaginal swab samples which fulfill inclusion criteria. Samples were cultured at ASD media for isolation of Candida spp. Identification of Candida spp. was conducted using both biochemical fermentation and multiplex-PCR methods. Primers pairs used in multiplex-PCR were universal primer ITS1 and ITS2, and specific primer CA3 and CA4. The identification test of multiplex-PCR resulted in Candida krusei: sensitivity: 100%, specificity:61,1%, Positive Prediction Value (PPV):63.2%, Negative Prediction Value (NPV): 100%; C. glabrata: sensitivity:0%, specificity: 100% PPV: 0% NPV: 76.7%; C. tropicalis: sensitivity:100%, spesificity:100%, PPV: 100% NPV: 100%; C. albicans: sensitivity: 33.3%, specificity: 100%, PPV: 100%, NPV: 93.1% and C. stellatoidea: sensitivity:: 100%, specificity:92.6%, PPV: 60%, NPV: 100%. These results suggested that multiplex-PCR method becomes a rapid alternative in identifying species of Candida due to its high sensitivity and high specificity.