bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Eocene species of the crinoid genera Holopus and Cyathidium (Cyrtocrinida: Holopodidae) from north-eastern Italy
Authors: MARTINEZ-SOARES PABLO , ROUX MICHEL , GIUSBERTI LUCA , GATTO ROBERTO , ELÉAUME MARC , AMÉZIANE NADIA
Published: November 2024

Holopodidae is one of the three families in the order Cyrtocrinida that have extant representatives. Two genera have been described, Holopus and Cyathidium, both with extant species and fossil representatives dating back to the Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous). Eocene (Lutetian) holopodid material from the Chiampo Valley (north-eastern Italy) has recently been attributed to H. spileccense, the type-stratum and locality of which is the Ypresian of the nearby Spilecco Hill, and to C. gastaldii known from the Miocene of Turin. Here we describe new holopodid material from both Chiampo and Spilecco, comprising cups and numerous brachials. Using qualitative and quantitative characters, the Chiampo holopodids are deemed to be assignable to two new species: Holopus fabianii sp. nov. and Cyathidium chiampoensis sp. nov. The Chiampo material includes the first records of keystone plates and distal brachials for an extinct species of Holopus. New proximal brachials are described for H. spileccense but no keystone plate was found for this species. Access to the holotype of Cyathidium gastaldii has enabled a description of the specimen and a first diagnosis for the species. Formerly described cups, as well as a newly collected one, are attributed to Cyathidium sp. due to the lack of diagnostic characters. The affinities between H. spileccense, H. fabianii sp. nov. and the extant Indo-Pacific H. alidis suggest that these three species might share a common Gondwanan origin.
New Mythicomyia Coquillett, 1893 (Diptera: Mythicomyiidae: Mythicomyiinae) from Peru
Authors: SÁNCHEZ PÁVEL , EVENHUIS NEAL
Published: November 2024

This work presents the first record of the family Mythicomyiidae from Peru, based on the descriptions of five new species of Mythicomyia Coquillett, 1893: Mythicomyia huk sp. nov. from Amazonas, Mythicomyia iskay sp. nov. from Amazonas, Ancash, Cajamarca, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Loreto, Piura and San Martín, Mythicomyia kinsa sp. nov. from Arequipa, Mythicomyia tawa sp. nov. from Arequipa, Ica and Moquegua, and Mythicomyia pisqa sp. nov. from Arequipa and Tacna. Illustrations of the new species, an updated key to South American fauna of Mythicomyia and a distribution map for the Peruvian species are also presented. It is worth noting that this work discusses the difficulty of confidently assigning the new species described herein to either of the two currently known subgenera of Mythicomyia, highlighting the need for a comprehensive revision of their limits. Until further study can be conducted to ascertain the status of each subgenus, all species are treated as Mythicomyia (s. lat.) without subgeneric attribution.
The missing middle service gap: Obtaining a consensus definition of the ‘Missing Middle’ in youth mental health
Authors: Menssink Jana M , Gao Caroline X , Zbukvic Isabel , Prober Sophie , Kakkos Athina , Watson Alice , Cotton Sue M , Filia Kate M
Published: November 2024

Objective:

As highlighted in Australia’s Productivity Commission Inquiry into mental health, subgroups of individuals are failing to have their needs met, or are ‘falling through the cracks’ in the current system – a phenomenon increasingly referred to as the ‘missing middle’. A barrier to devising solutions is that the term ‘missing middle’ is not clearly defined. Using the Delphi method, we aimed to define the term and explore acceptability.

Method:

Three expert groups were recruited: carers and young people with a lived experience of mental ill-health; clinicians and service providers; researchers, policymakers and commissioners of mental health services. Using a three-stage Delphi process, we elicited definitions, refined and developed a consensus definition.

Results:

Ten subthemes describing the ‘missing middle’ were identified, with four endorsed across all expert groups from the outset: service gap, inflexibility, inadequate service quality and duration, and social disadvantage. Additional subthemes were later endorsed. Feedback was sought on a consensus-driven definition that encompassed the original four endorsed subthemes. Findings supported a shift to a systemic focus – framing the ‘missing middle’ as a care gap.

Conclusions:

A consensus definition was developed, repositioning the term to a systems lens, describing a ‘missing middle service gap’. The definition represents the ‘missing middle’ as a term to describe a gap in care where existing mental health services are not meeting the needs of individuals in a meaningful way. Research was carried out in relation to youth mental health in Australia and the definition may need to be adapted for other contexts.
Tunnels of Attention: Reconsidering Issue Competition
Authors: Grossman Emiliano , Guinaudeau Isabelle
Published: November 2024

Dominant visions of modern representative democracy posit that parties focus on contrasting issues during campaigns, leading to a diverse political supply. However, there is remarkably little empirical evidence to back up those claims. We argue that parties have little incentives to leave potentially rewarding issues to rivals. Lacking knowledge about their electorate and its short-term preferences, parties will monitor competitors and take up issues from each other. Empirical analyses covering all policy issues in a unique set of seven diverse advanced democracies over four decades are consistent with our predictions. Issue attention appears to be mostly inspired by rivals’ emphases, resulting in “tunnels of attention”. The model holds when introducing the alternative explanation of responsiveness to voters, corroborating the endogenous nature of tunnels of attention. Our new perspective has wide-ranging implications for party competition and representation.
Nexus Between Political Concentration, Fractionalisation, Fiscal Federalism and Human Development: A State-wise Analysis
Authors: Jadhav Vivek , Mukherjee Shrabani
Published: November 2024

This article examines the link between development outcomes and both political concentration and religious polarisation, analysing how the state’s decision-making process operates within the framework of fiscal federalism, with a focus on the Indian states. To evaluate the effects of religious diversity, coalition governments and political concentration on human development, composite indices such as the ‘fractionalisation index’ and ‘polarisation index’ have been constructed. A dynamic panel-data model is applied to explore the causal relationship between political concentration and development outcomes. The results demonstrate a significant inverse relationship between religious polarisation, diversity and human development, along with a notable influence of political concentration on human development.

JEL Codes: D72, O53, Z12, O15
Foreign policy decision-making within authoritarian contexts: Al-Sisi’s foreign policy (2014–2024)
Authors: Magued Shaimaa
Published: November 2024

How do authoritarian rulers make foreign policy decisions? Building on the triangulation of three qualitative research methods, I advance a theoretical construct that deconstructs authoritarian regimes’ decision-making processes in foreign policy. Drawing inspiration from al-Sisi’s foreign policy, this study argues that authoritarian rulers adopt three types of decision-making tools, which consist of structural control, the prioritization of securing external support and elite material benefits over citizens’ wellbeing, and the repression of opponents beyond national borders. Although scholars have emphasized authoritarian regimes’ instrumentalization of foreign policy as a means of rule consolidation, they have overlooked their prevalent decision-making mechanisms and tools. Building on an inductive research approach, this study triangulates data collected using 3 qualitative research methods, 20 open-ended and semi-structured expert interviews, the analysis of newsfeed content, and discourse analysis of al-Sisi speeches from 2014 to 2024. A rigorous cross-validation of data confirmed the replicability of al-Sisi’s threefold foreign policy decision-making tools across authoritarian and hybrid regimes.
Perioperative vision loss after sequential lower extremity fracture surgery: a case report
Authors: Luo Ruimin , Lu Liji , You Yuyuan
Published: November 2024

Perioperative vision loss (POVL) is a rare but serious complication, most frequently reported after cardiac and prone spinal surgeries. POVL following lower extremity surgery is uncommon. We herein report a case of POVL in a man in his mid-thirties after a third surgery to repair a lower extremity fracture. The patient developed vision loss 3 hours postoperatively following sequential surgeries for a lower extremity fracture. Before the third surgery, he was in a hypercoagulable state, and tranexamic acid was administered to reduce intraoperative blood loss. After POVL occurred, anticoagulant and antithrombotic agents, as well as high-dose steroid pulse therapy, were promptly administered. The patient’s vision recovered 3 days later, with no abnormalities found during follow-up visits over the next 6 months. For patients at high risk of thrombosis, POVL warrants careful attention. The coagulation system should be kept as stable as possible, and medications that may promote thrombosis, such as tranexamic acid, should be used cautiously.
Enhancing the Teaching of Radical Political Economy Through Multimedia Integration: A Pedagogical Framework
Authors: Sarangi Swayamsiddha
Published: November 2024

This article addresses the evolving challenges in teaching radical political economy in contemporary economics curricula, where traditional Marxist perspectives are increasingly marginalized. I propose a pedagogical framework centered on multimedia integration to revitalize the teaching of topics in radical political economy. Through an exploration of popular movies and documentaries, this article elucidates how innovative approaches can be used to engage students and foster critical thinking. By leveraging multimedia resources, educators can effectively convey Marxian concepts, provoke meaningful discussions, and inspire students to critically examine economic systems and envision alternative socioeconomic models.

JEL Classification: A22, B51
The Pay Information Awareness Questionnaire (PIAQ): A Comprehensive Measure of Pay Transparency
Authors: Henn Carolyn M. , Neck Christopher B. , Houghton Jeffery D.
Published: November 2024

Pay transparency has drawn substantial attention from scholars in recent years, resulting in an expanding body of knowledge on this important topic. However, the literature has developed in a fragmented manner with an array of labels and conceptualizations across several largely disconnected dimensions. Pay transparency measurement scales have also emerged in a piecemeal fashion and lack cohesion in the operationalization of pay transparency dimensions. The current research develops a more cohesive and comprehensive multi-dimensional pay transparency framework and measurement scale. The paper reviews and integrates the pay transparency literature into a coherent, multi-dimensional framework founded on employee awareness perceptions of pay information rather than on objective organizational actions or employee behaviors. Following established scale development techniques, the present study creates and validates a multi-dimensional pay information awareness scale that may serve to facilitate future research on pay transparency. Implications are discussed, along with limitations and directions for future research.
Exponential stabilization approach for a class of fractional-order fuzzy delayed systems
Authors: Rebai Aissa , Guesmi Kamel
Published: November 2024

The paper deals with the exponential stability of nonlinear fractional order systems with time-varying delays represented using Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy models. Initially, a frequency transformation converts the fractional-order expression into an integer model. Then, exponential stability and stabilization criteria are expressed as linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) using the Lyapunov-Krasovskii technique. Numerical simulations are carried out to show the effectiveness of the proposed stabilization approach.
Exploring organizational learning models in public libraries from an ESG perspective
Authors: Lee Pei-Chun
Published: November 2024

This research adopts an Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) framework to explore the role and impact of organizational learning models in public libraries. Highlighting the importance of environmental protection, social responsibility, and governance, the study emphasizes their critical role in the operational strategies of non-profit entities like public libraries. With a specific focus on the National Library of Public Information in Taiwan, it delves into the challenges and possibilities that ESG integration presents for enhancing sustainability, service quality, and governance toward achieving a significant societal impact. The objective is to assess how ESG-informed organizational learning models affect public libraries, particularly in terms of improving their sustainability, contributing to social value, and bolstering their influence within the community.
Tapping into User Effort? Improving Referral Outcomes in Crowdfunding Markets
Authors: Jiang Yang , Tan Yong , Chen Xi
Published: November 2024

Referral programs have received increasing attention as a way to enhance project fundraising in crowdfunding. To improve operational efficiency and performance, many crowdfunding platforms allow users to exert more effort (referral effort) when making referrals. In this paper, we study the impact of users’ referral efforts on referral outcomes, using a unique data set from a reward-based crowdfunding platform. We analyze three types of referral effort beyond merely sharing the referral link, namely, writing the referral message, matching the referral recipients’ pledges, and supporting their own referrals. Our results suggest that users’ referral efforts can help improve the outcome of referrals, as these efforts may be perceived as positive signals of quality, thus reducing referral recipients’ uncertainty about the crowdfunding project. We further explore the heterogeneity in this observed impact, and find that matching recipients’ pledges have a greater impact than the other two types of referral effort. Furthermore, the impact of referral effort is attenuated under conditions of low uncertainty, wherein project quality can be inferred from observable features, such as projects launched by large creators, selected by editors, or referred by experienced backers. Our analyses also indicate that referring users’ efforts can collectively improve the fundraising performance of projects that receive referrals. We discuss the implications of our findings for platform managers, policy makers, and users in crowdfunding marketplaces.
Better Together or Divided Forever—Integrated or Hierarchical Material and Workload Control
Authors: Kasper Arno , Haeussler Stefan , Land Martin , Teunter Ruud
Published: November 2024

Offering bespoke products is the cornerstone of many competitive manufacturing strategies. The challenge for production control is allocating materials to individualized orders before they can be released to the shop floor. This requires joint evaluation of material inventory and workload control. However, these topics have been studied in isolation for [Formula: see text] years, under the presumption of a hierarchical control design. This traditionally had the practical advantage of a reduced need for real-time system information. With the advancements in Industry 4.0, control functions can now be integrated. We amalgamate knowledge from both disciplines, present hierarchical and integrated production control designs, and formulate material inventory policies tailored to pulled order release. Using simulation, we show that a decentralized and integrated production control design drastically reduces cost (at least 15%) and improves delivery performance in various settings.
Voluntary self-disclosed Indigenous identity of patients in four Canadian health care settings: A multiple-site qualitative case study
Authors: Gray Mandi , Wessel Samara , Oster Richard T , Bruno Grant , Healy Chyloe , Rich Rebecca , Scott Claringbold Shayla , Williams Kienan , Henderson Rita
Published: November 2024

Objectives

The lack of Indigenous health care data in Canada makes it challenging to plan health care services and inform Indigenous leadership on the health care needs of their respective Nations and communities. Several Canadian health care organizations have implemented a voluntary Indigenous identifier of patients within their electronic medical records. This study examines facilitators and barriers to implementing such a voluntary self-reported Indigenous identifier, from the perspective of key stakeholders who work at four Canadian health providers where an Indigenous identifier has been implemented.

Methods

The four Canadian sites comprise three hospitals and one health authority. At each site, key stakeholders participated in semi-structured qualitative interviews. Interviews were transcribed and coded. Relevant documents that were publicly available or provided by each site were reviewed.

Results

There were four primary findings. First, for the introduction of an Indigenous identifier to be successful there must be pre-existing strong and trusting relationships between Indigenous communities and health care organizations. Second, health care organizations must provide training for those who ask clientele to self-identify as Indigenous, to overcome issues such as any patient backlash. Third, for the relationship between Indigenous people and health organizations to flourish, data governance must be Indigenous-led. Finally, the collection of Indigenous identifier data can enhance Indigenous health care services and health care service planning and delivery.

Conclusions

Due to the ongoing distrust of government and health care services among Indigenous peoples and communities, special considerations are required prior to the implementation of an Indigenous identifier. Of primary importance is how health care organizations can contribute to Indigenous data governance and minimize potential harms associated with the collection of such data. The findings of this study can be used to guide other health care sites and Indigenous leaders aspiring for more robust health data by implementing voluntary Indigenous identity data collection.
Prevalence and intervention strategies of health misinformation among older adults: A meta-analysis
Authors: Hu Bo , Liu Xinjie , Lu Chang , Ju Xingda
Published: November 2024

The rapid expansion of the Internet and social media has intensified the spread of health misinformation, posing significant risks, especially for older adults. This meta-analysis synthesizes evidence on the prevalence and interventions of health misinformation among older adults. Our findings reveal a high prevalence rate of 47% (95% CI [33%, 60%]), surpassing recent estimates. Offline research settings have a higher prevalence of health misinformation. Despite methodological variances, the prevalence remains consistent across different measures and development levels. Interventions show significant effectiveness (Hedges’ g = 0.76, 95% CI [0.25, 1.26]), with graphic-based approaches outperforming video-based ones. These results underscore the urgent need for tailored, large-scale interventions to mitigate the adverse impacts of health misinformation on older adults. Further research should focus on refining intervention strategies and extending studies to underrepresented regions and populations.
Factors driving misinformation production and user engagement with toothache content on Facebook
Authors: Menezes Tamires de Sá , Martini Mateus Martins , Lotto Matheus , Jorge Olivia Santana , Jucá Ana Maria , Aguirre Patricia Estefania Ayala , Cruvinel Thiago
Published: November 2024

Objectives: This study characterized toothache-related Portuguese Facebook posts, identifying factors driving misinformation production and user engagement. Methods: Investigators qualitatively analyzed 500 posts published between August 2018 and August 2022, screening on language and theme. Posts were selected using CrowdTangle and assessed for motivation, author profile, content, sentiment, facticity, and format. The interaction metrics (total interactions/overperforming scores) were compared between groups of dichotomized characteristics, including time of publication. Data were evaluated by descriptive analysis, the Mann-Whitney U test, and the path analysis by generalized structural equation modeling. Results: 39.6% of posts ( n = 198) contained misinformation, significantly linked to noncommercial posts with positive sentiment, links, and videos from regular users motivated by financial motivation. Additionally, user engagement was only positively associated with business/health authors' profiles and the time of publication. Conclusion: Toothache-related posts often contain misinformation, shared by regular users in links and video formats, tied to positive sentiments, and generally with financial motivation.
Exploring the effectiveness and experiences of people living with dementia interacting with digital interventions: A mixed methods systematic review
Authors: Ditton Annabel , Alodan Hissah , Fox Christopher , Evans Shirley , Cross Jane
Published: November 2024

Background: As dementia care evolves, digital interventions are being developed to improve the quality of life of people living with dementia. It is also increasingly recognised that some people living with dementia can use and benefit from using digital interventions themselves. Therefore, exploring the effectiveness and experiences of using such interventions is essential to optimise digital intervention development and delivery.

Method: 5 databases were searched (MEDLINE (Ovid), PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL and Web of Science) for papers reporting effectiveness outcomes or experiences, involving people living with dementia or mild cognitive impairment engaging with digital interventions for improving their quality of life. 73 relevant papers published between 2018–2023 were identified, 59 included effectiveness data and 18 included data on experiences.

Results: The integration of evidence identified that people living with dementia can benefit from engaging in digital interventions, if they are motivated, and provided with tailored training, support, appropriate devices and content. Benefits were seen within the domains of cognition, health and well-being and social relationships. Benefits were more frequent when digital interventions were provided in the home environment with specified daily/weekly usage requirements.

Conclusion: This review provides an overview of the current state of research exploring engagement of digital interventions by people with dementia for improving their quality of life. The findings provide guidance on how to optimise the method of delivery. Future research should explore how digital interventions can improve social relationships and self-concept of people living with dementia, the long-term sustainability of digital interventions, and how individuals with dementia form attitudes towards technology.
Computational study on aerodynamic noise reduction of high-speed train bogie region using leading edge jet of the bogie cavity
Authors: Shi Jiawei , Zhang Jiye , Li Tian
Published: November 2024

This study employs a numerical approach that combines compressible detached eddy simulation (DES) with the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) equation to investigate the potential of employing a slot jet at the leading edge of the bogie cavity for reducing bogie aerodynamic noise. The simulation is conducted on a 1:8 scale shortened train model, and two jet fluxes are considered. The permeable surface formula of the FW-H equation is adopted for far-field noise calculation to account for the scattering and shielding effects of the vehicle body and track structures, as well as the quadrupole source contribution. The results reveal that the slot jet induces a notable lifting effect on the shear layer formed at the leading edge of the bogie cavity, consequently reducing the impact of the shear vortex structures on the lower part of the bogie and the rear wall of the bogie cavity. However, as the shear vortex structures are guided towards the track, their interactions with the track structures are intensified. Due to the slow attenuation of the turbulent wake of the bogie region, it is difficult to avoid the spurious sound sources (hydrodynamic pressure fluctuations) induced by the wake passing through the integral surface by merely adjusting the position of downstream integral surface, while the end cap averaging technology can effectively filter out these spurious sources. The introduction of the jet primarily reduces the far-field noise below 1600 Hz of the bogie region, with higher jet velocity resulting in improved noise reduction effects.
The Future of Public Money: From Fiscal Fantasy to Reality
Authors: Sanghani Nikhil , MacDonald Mark
Published: November 2024

With relentless pressures on the public purse and urgent demand to improve policy outcomes, it is time to reshape the management of public money. Governments around the world are in a fiscal fix. Debt is high, growth remains stubbornly low, and taxpayers are dissatisfied as they pay more for outcomes that are stagnating or getting worse. Given aging populations, creaking infrastructure, heightened defense, security risks, and the green transition, demand for public spending will not ease up. In today’s volatile world, the next shock—which would be costly for governments to manage—could be just around the corner. Some commentators say their governments are living in a “fiscal fantasyland”; that the trade-offs required to place public finances on a sustainable footing remain unconfronted and leave difficult decisions delayed. It is not hard to feel pessimistic about the situation and the prospects for the future. However, the authors of this report do not share this pessimism. That is because the ideas and technology are in place to get us out of this fiscal fix. Our working hypothesis is that the answer lies in focusing not just on the money—the facts of revenue, expenditure, and debt—but in engaging much more deeply with the productivity of the money that is spent; how it contributes to the actual outcomes achieved. To test this hypothesis and draw up a route map to guide governments out of “fiscal fantasyland,” representatives of the EY organization have been working with OMFIF’s Economic and Monetary Policy Institute. We joined an OMFIF-convened group of leading public finance thinkers from international finance institutions, public sector bodies, and the investor community to review how public finances are managed today and explore how public money could be better allocated in the future—through more effective rules and institutions, and better use of data and technology. Our discussions led to a consensus. Although many countries have good public finance institutional frameworks and practices in place, fundamental implementation issues in the various service delivery systems are impeding their effectiveness. For instance, long-term goals and horizon targets are undermined by short-term political cycles and priorities; insufficient accounting for future risks disincentivizes investment in resilience; and the lack of information on the impact achieved by expenditure hampers effective decisions on how to allocate money. The heartening news is that there are clear ways in which structure, rules, and decision-making can be overhauled, to improve dramatically the management of public finances. These ideas and approaches are set out in this report and the authors hope you find them to be a valuable contribution to this debate. How well governments manage public money to improve outcomes matters greatly to citizens and communities all around the world. This is a vitally important debate and it is one we are delighted to help convene and advance.
Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration and the Five-Factor Model of Personality: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dorling Elena , Onifade Hauwa , Browne Kevin
Published: November 2024

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a global concern that has a large impact on both victims and society. Understanding factors that contribute to the perpetration of IPV can help prevent harm. Personality disorders are largely related to IPV perpetration according to recent research; however, there is a large amount of overlap between different personality disorders, and it has been suggested that personality traits may provide a clearer picture on the aspects of personality that result in IPV. Personality traits develop during childhood, and, despite being largely stable, can be modified through intervention. A systematic review was carried out by searching three large databases, examining personality traits from the Five-Factor Model, the prevailing personality model, and IPV perpetration. Eleven studies were included in the final analysis, largely from community samples. The results suggested that neuroticism demonstrates a significant relationship with the perpetration of IPV. There were some differences between community and forensic studies; however, these could be explained by exploring the different types of IPV in line with Johnson’s distinction between common couple violence and intimate terrorism. Intimate terrorism, which is more likely to be displayed by clinical samples, is less likely to be emotionally motivated and therefore may not be linked to neuroticism. Limitations to the method used in the review and the impact of these on the findings are discussed.
Asbestos as Difficult Heritage: The Need for a Multi-Voiced Heritage Policy
Authors: Blancquaert Doris , Verreyke Hélène
Published: November 2024

Asbestos can be present in a wide variety of heritage objects that are maintained in museums and heritage collections. Current research focuses on health risks, safety measures, and asbestos consolidation. However, there are additional challenges that remain understudied. Asbestos itself needs to be tackled as heritage, asking whether it is heritage, and if—in that case—the removal of asbestos affects the values and significance of an object. The collection of the former Belgian Asbestos and Rubber Factory (Belgium) is used in this contribution to illustrate why the heritage values of asbestos need to be considered, how asbestos challenges museums and heritage institutions, and why it needs to be theorized as difficult heritage. Subsequently, a methodology to value asbestos-containing heritage objects in a multi-voiced way is elaborated.
The influence of thermophoresis and Brownian motion on maxwell nanofluids utilizing Cattaneo-Christov double diffusion theory
Authors: Ali Akhtar , Ali Muhammad , Hussain Majid , Ali Irfan , Fenta Amsalu
Published: November 2024

The primary objective of this work is to examine the concentration and temperature boundary layers in a Maxwell nanofluid containing nanoparticles, influenced by thermophoresis & Brownian motion. The main findings are to enhance understanding of nanoscale heat with mass transport mechanisms, with potential applications in advanced thermal management systems and nanofluid-based technologies. The contribution of Cattaneo-Christov double diffusion theory captures time-delayed thermal effects. A system of partial differential equations (PDEs) is transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using similarity transformation (ST). The analysis considers the collective impacts of thermophoresis, Brownian motion, and viscoelasticity. The study elucidates the complex relationship between double diffusion phenomena and nanofluid behavior through analytical and numerical techniques. Dimensionless mathematical problems are numerically solved using MATLAB’s built-in function bvp4c, with the behavior of flow-controlling parameters presented through graphical and tabular data.
Bionic driving method of multi-actuator hydraulic synchronization system based on wild goose cluster flight principle
Authors: Weiping Wang , Xinyi Zhou , Shun Lu
Published: November 2024

Heavy equipment is often driven synchronously by multi-actuator hydraulic system. However, when the load deviation of the actuators is large, such systems exhibit serious energy loss and inferior synchronization performance. Inspired by the cluster flight of wild goose, a bionic hydraulic actuator and a bionic driving method are proposed. Different from traditional two-chamber hydraulic actuator, the redundant freedom of the bionic hydraulic actuator is used to simulate the airflow vortex formed by wild goose. By doing so, the bionic actuators can provide or accept auxiliary driving force from other actuators according to different topology. In addition, the optimal load balance performance of multi-actuators can be realized by adjusting the auxiliary driving pressure between actuators. In this study, topology switching rules and auxiliary pressure control strategies are discussed. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can reduce the maximum load deviation by over 85% and the synchronization error by over 80% in typical cases.
Imperfect debugging-based modelling of fault detection incorporating change point for software reliability analysis
Authors: Natarajan Nageswari , Mahapatra Ansuman , Mahapatra Ghanshaym S.
Published: November 2024

The fault detection rate during the operational phase is directly proportional to the testing and debugging efforts during the software development. Extensive testing on software often reveals hidden faults previously undetected. During fault detection, the change points identify significant variations in software reliability, indicating possible faults. These helps test managers and engineers assess testing effectiveness, evaluate the impact of modifications and accurately track testing progress. Imperfect-debugging models can predict software reliability based on how often faults are found, and the discovered fault can be removed later. This work is an enhancement of the Jelinski-Moranda model by incorporating a hazard rate and imperfect-debugging parameters, including fault introduction and removal with a single change point, and it demonstrates that this proposed model outperforms classical models using various metrics with lesser parameters. The experimental findings show that the proposed work gives better reliability prediction with good results based on metrics such as the Akaike Information Criterion, Root Mean Squared Error, Hazard Rate Approach, Relative Error, Median Error, Multiple Determination Coefficient, Predictive Power and Relative Predictive Error.
Comparative analysis of neurofilament light chain in Huntington's disease like 2 and Huntington's disease
Authors: Anderson David G , Ferreira-Correia Aline , Rodrigues Filipe B , Byrne Lauren M , Wild Edward J , Krause Amanda
Published: November 2024

Huntington's disease-like 2 (HDL2) closely resembles Huntington's disease (HD) in clinical and pathological features. Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is an important biomarker in HD research and holds potential in HDL2. To evaluate NfL's utility in HDL2, a comparative analysis among HDL2 (n = 12), HD (n = 9), and unaffected controls (n = 9) was conducted. Employing a cross-sectional design, NfL levels were assessed in blood plasma. Concentrations were notably elevated in both HD and HDL2 groups compared to controls. HD patients displayed higher NfL levels than HDL2, possibly reflecting disease duration differences. NfL effectively distinguished HDL2 from controls, highlighting its promise as a possible biomarker in HDL2 research.
The Application of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Endpoints in Clinical Research: Analysis of Trends and Review of Challenges
Authors: Bevan Andrew , Ellis Graham , Eskandarian Mona , Garrisi Davide
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

Considerable efforts to standardize continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) have occurred in recent years. The aim was to perform an analysis of clinical studies in clinicaltrials.gov to evaluate trends in CGM endpoint adoption.

Methods:

Clinicaltrials.gov was searched for studies of drugs, devices and combination products containing CGM terms posted from 2012 to 2023. 1269 studies were returned and 954 were excluded. 315 studies were divided into two periods (P1 [2012–2017] and P2 [2018–2023]) and differences analyzed using descriptive statistics and two-tailed t tests.

Results:

There was a significant 60.3% increase in total clinical studies from P1 (121) to P2 (194). Phase 2 and Phase 3 Studies both saw significant increases of 125.8 and 169.2%, respectively, in P2. Adult-only studies predominated in both periods, with a 40.4% increase in P2. Studies that included pediatric populations, although smaller in number, increased significantly. Most studies were nonindustry-funded, and studies in this category saw a significant 80.0% increase in P2. However, industry-only funded studies also increased significantly by 78.4% in P2 in the same period. Studies of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) increased by 55.8% and 26.9%, respectively, but increases were not statistically significant. Studies of nondiabetes-related indications did increase significantly (233.3%). 27.6% of studies used CGM-derived metrics as primary endpoints (PE). Studies that used time in range (TIR) increased by 222.4% in P2, which was significant. Conversely studies that used mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) decreased significantly by 71.3%.

Conclusion:

Our data provide evidence of significant increases in the application of CGM endpoints in clinical studies in the last six years, including studies with TIR as the PE. Increases have been driven largely by academia, but our data show that industry is starting to follow suit. The significant increase in studies that included pediatrics is encouraging.
The Interactive Effects of Divestiture Socialization and Self-Monitoring Personality on Newcomers’ Authenticity, Well-Being, and Creativity
Authors: Quratulain Samina , Ahmad Al-Hawari Mohd , Bani-Melhem Shaker
Published: November 2024

This research examines the impact of divestiture socialization on the well-being, authenticity, and work creativity of newcomer frontline employees. It is proposed that authenticity will mediate the effect of divestiture socialization on well-being and creativity while self-monitoring personality’s two dimensions of “other directedness” and “public performance” differently moderate the influence of divestiture socialization. “Public performance” can buffer the negative impact of divestiture socialization on authenticity, while “other directedness” can exacerbate the negative impact. The indirect effects of divestiture socialization on employees’ well-being and creativity through the expression of authenticity are also proposed to be moderated by the effects of self-monitoring dimensions. The study sample includes 217 newcomer frontline employees working in hospitality firms in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A time-lagged research design is used to collect the data. The moderated mediation analyses support the proposed relationships. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Interdisciplinary approach to patients with psoriatic arthritis: a prospective, single-center cohort study
Authors: Gross Georg , Lull Christian , von Ahnen Jan Alwin , Blauth Mara , Schwaan Johanna , Olsavszky Victor , Schmieder Astrid , Leipe Jan
Published: November 2024

Background:

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease that affects up to 30% of patients with psoriasis. Diagnosis and treatment could be improved by implementing an interdisciplinary dermatological-rheumatological consultation (IDRC).

Objectives:

This study aimed to assess the effect of a face-to-face IDRC involving both a dermatologist and a rheumatologist evaluating patients in a single visit, on disease activity and burden in patients with PsA.

Design:

Prospective, single-center, cohort study.

Methods:

202 patients with psoriasis were enrolled, among whom 115 individuals with psoriasis and musculoskeletal symptoms underwent an IDRC. Disease manifestations, comorbidities, and both objective and subjective disease activity scores were evaluated.

Results:

Out of the participants, 56 were diagnosed with definite PsA, while the remaining 146 had psoriasis. Nail involvement was associated with axial PsA (odds ratio 4.11; 95% CI 1.22–13.82; p = 0.02). Patients with PsA often experienced a prolonged time to diagnosis (mean 187 weeks) and had a significant psychosocial burden (mean Hospital Anxiety and Depression Index Scale [HADS]-Anxiety score of 7.66 and mean HADS-Depression score of 5.63). Post-IDRC, both objective and subjective disease parameters showed improvement, and patients required less time for consultations with healthcare professionals compared to before the IDRC.

Conclusion:

These findings suggest that an IDRC approach could effectively expedite and optimize the diagnosis and treatment of patients with psoriasis and musculoskeletal symptoms.
Malignant granular cell tumour of floor of mouth (non-neural in origin) – A rare case report and review of literature
Authors: Khairwa Anju , Tanveer Nadeem
Published: November 2024

Five cases of non-neuronal granular cell tumours of the oral cavity are documented in the literature. Additionally, one case of a non-neuronal granular cell tumour with features of malignancy was described. A malignant granular cell tumour is a rare neoplasm and counterpart of a benign granular cell tumour. The cell of origin of the granular cell tumour was reported from the Schwann cell. Some granular cells originated from non-neural components and were negative for immunohistochemistry S100. Immunohistochemistry is required to confirm further and categorize ulcero-proliferative and erythematous polypoidal oral cavity lesions. These lesions can mimic squamous cell carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma and pyogenic granuloma in morphology. We are presenting a rare case of malignant granular cell tumour of non-neuronal origin on the floor of the mouth. To our knowledge, it is the first case of a malignant non-neuronal granular cell tumour.
The Relationship of Carbon Emission Disclosure on The Cost of Debt
Authors: Nasih Mohammad , Puspitasari Astri , Harymawan Iman , Putra Fajar Kristanto Gautama , Djajadikerta Hadrian Geri
Published: November 2024

Carbon Emission Disclosure (CED) trends have been positive for several years. Unfortunately, studies focusing on the relationship between CED and the Cost of Debt (COD) still need to be made available, particularly in emerging countries. Addressing this gap, this study aims to analyze the relationship between CED and COD in Indonesia. We predict that firms can enjoy a lower COD by lowering asymmetry information and fulfilling public expectations through CED. Using the unique characteristic of Indonesian-listed firms that participated Public Disclosure Program for Environmental Compliance (PROPER) during 2015 to 2019, we confirmed our verdict. Our result is robust due to several endogeneity test checks. Our study is believed to be one of the pioneers in analyzing the impact of CED on COD in the emerging market. Moreover, this study sample is limited to firms that follow PROPER, and we believe this is one of the robust initiatives to minimize greenwashing practices in CED.
An Evaluation of Travel Mode Choice and Travel Patterns: A Case Study in Pathum Thani Province, Thailand
Authors: Iamtrakul Pawinee , Klaylee Jirawan , Raungratanaamporn I-soon
Published: November 2024

In Thailand, the majority of citizens primarily rely on private automobiles, as opposed to other environmentally friendly modes of transportation. This heavy reliance on driving has led to increased travel congestion and air pollution, therefore, it is crucial to adopt a comprehensive perspective on sustainability and mobility issues within the urban transport sector. This study selects the suburban area of Pathum Thani province as a case study to explore travel patterns. The rapid expansion of the community in this study area, driven by the development of mass transit, has led to significant growth in the surrounding region. Unfortunately, this expansion has occurred without comprehensive planning or a holistic view, negatively impacting the quality of life and livelihood of the people. This problem extends to the lack of a well-integrated multi-modal transportation system. This paper aims to compare travel patterns among various transportation modes, with a specific focus on the suburban area by conducting a questionnaire survey with 1,998 respondents residing in the study area. Integrated trip distribution, trip attraction, and physical building characteristics were utilized for spatial analysis to visualize and identify relationships among all associated factors. The results highlight obstacles on the path toward sustainable mobility while a significant level of auto-dependency persists, irrespective of the available transportation options. Ultimately, the analysis results contribute to the formulation of policy measures which aim to reconstruct the urban and mobility planning framework effectively, design appropriate policies, and create suitable mobility services to enhance the urban transportation system for sustainable urban mobility.
Cancellation of Elective Surgery and Its Associated Factors in Public Teaching Hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Engidayehu Tezazu , Ayalew Yohannes , Gela Debela , Abera Fekadu
Published: November 2024

Elective surgical case cancellation is common and can have significant adverse effects by causing prolonged waiting times, harm to patients, and wasting of scarce resources in countries like Ethiopia. Cancellation of scheduled surgeries may lead to reduced occupation of operation theatres and may be recognized as a major cause of trauma to patients and their families. Reasons for elective surgery cancellation are complex and different from hospital to hospital. Many literatures agree with patient related, facility related, medical related and staff related others divide reason in to two avoidable and non-avoidable causes. The aim of this study was to assess prevalence of cancelation of elective surgery and associated factors in public teaching hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021. This was institutional-based cross-sectional study conducted in all operation theater specialties from February 1 to March 30, 2021 at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) and Yekatit 12 hospital. The study participants consisted of patients across all ages, included both genders and who were scheduled for elective surgery. Data was collected by using pretested structured questionnaires and an assigned operational theater staff was recording the cancelled cases in real time. Data was entered in to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of cancellation of elective surgery. Statistical significance was determined using odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and the narratives were used to describe the quantitative findings. During data collection period, 924 elective surgeries were scheduled to be performed in all surgery departments at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital and Yekatit 12 hospital, of which 225 (24.35%) were cancelled on the day of surgery. The average age of participants was 35.2 ± 19.17 (Standard Deviation) years the main reason for cancellation were shortage of time (26%) followed by facility related (23%), medical related (18%) and Covid-19 related problems (15%). This study found that the cancelation of elective surgical operations on the scheduled day of surgery was significant. Most of the reasons were due to avoidable causes. A team approach was employed to ensure the presence of policies and procedures for improving efficiency and scheduling realistic operation lists.