bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DESIGN, FABRICATION AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF A FLAT PLATE COLLECTOR SIMULATOR
Authors: Rodríguez O. R. S. , Koury R. N. N. , Maia A. A. T.
Published: November 2018

In this article, a flat plate collector simulator was designed and developed based on the use of electric heaters and a power control system. A computational algorithm aimed at determining the relationship between the incident solar energy on the collector absorber plate and the corresponding amount of power that must be supplied by the electrical resistance was developed. The variation in power is obtained by regulating the voltage fed through the assembly. With such regulation, simulating typical profiles of insolation over a day was possible. In the assessment of the average solar radiation data obtained by satellite imagery analysis (SWERA Project), the results showed that the thermal behavior of the simulator collector was close with a real behavior. Therefore, it can be used to determine the operating characteristics of auxiliary power systems as heat pumps, electrical systems or water heating systems. Different thermodynamic processes to determine the main losses of a collector evaluated the simulation parameters.
FORMULATION OF THE HEAT CONDUCTION EQUATION FOR HETEROGENEOUS MEDIA WITH MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES USING REITERATED HOMOGENIZATION
Authors: Iglesias-Rodríguez E. , Cruz M. E. , Bravo-Castillero J. , Guinovart-Díaz R. , Rodríguez-Ramos R. , Pérez-Fernández L. D.
Published: November 2018

Heterogeneous media with multiple spatial scales are finding increased importance in engineering. An example might be a large scale, otherwise homogeneous medium filled with dispersed small-scale particles that form aggregate structures at an intermediate scale. The objective in this paper is to formulate the strong-form Fourier heat conduction equation for such media using the method of reiterated homogenization. The phases are assumed to have a perfect thermal contact at the interface. The ratio of two successive length scales of the medium is a constant small parameter ε. The method is an up-scaling procedure that writes the temperature field as an asymptotic multiple-scale expansion in powers of the small parameter ε . The technique leads to two pairs of local and homogenized equations, linked by effective coefficients. In this manner the medium behavior at the smallest scales is seen to affect the macroscale behavior, which is the main interest in engineering. To facilitate the physical understanding of the formulation, an analytical solution is obtained for the heat conduction equation in a functionally graded material (FGM). The approach presented here may serve as a basis for future efforts to numerically compute effective properties of heterogeneous media with multiple spatial scales.
CASE STUDY: THE LIGNOCELLULOSIC COMPONENTS INTERFERENCES IN THE THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF BRAZILIAN SAVANA BIOMASS
Authors: Miranda M. R. da S. , Guimarães M. G. , Viana N. A. , Moura N. N. , Chaves B. S. , Galvão L. G. O. , Do Vale A. T. , Ghesti G. F. , Veras C. A. G.
Published: November 2018

The residual biomass has become increasingly important in the energy scenario due to its energetic potential and easy acquisition in isolated communities. The heterogeneous nature of biomass makes the analysis of its composition a relevant factor in the development of thermochemical processes. Several researchers show that understanding this heterogeinidade of biomass can be a strategy for optimization and search efficiency of thermochemical processes, since it is possible to predict the results and in addition, the reactor design based on the characteristics of biomass. In this context, the purpose of this work was to study the behavior of three biomass of the Brazilian savana - Dipteryx alata (baru), Hymenaea stigonocarpa (jatobá-do-cerrado) and Caryocar brasiliense (pequi), comparing the lignocellulosic results with the thermal behavior obtained by thermogravimetric analysis. The analysis were compared with results of several researchers, confirming that those analysis are parameters that influence the yield of the desired product. The results of this work elucidate that the moisture and extractives content of pequi is greater than the other biomass and that the temperature peak of cellulose and lignin from all biomass in this study are quite close. However, the hemicellulose’s temperature peak of pequi is lower than baru and jatobá’s temperature peak. Moreover, the results showed that the composition of the lignocellulosic biomass is an extremely important factor in selecting the greater reactivity material.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY FOR PROPELLER BLADE DESIGN
Authors: Almeida O. De , Miranda F. C. de , Neto O. F.
Published: November 2018

This work presents a comparative study between two propeller design methods for aeronautical application, with emphasis on its main element, the blade. The first method is an empirical approach based on graphical distribution of design parameters of a propeller and consists on a sequence of steps which starts from defined value for parameters like flight speed, propeller RPM, etc; with a view to obtain others dimensional parameters (diameter, twisting angle, etc) for a propeller to be used on a general aviation aircraft, with the goal to achieve certain performance target. According to the author of this method, the design of a propeller should be seen more as an art rather than exact science. The second method is well known by the aeronautical industry and called “method or theory of blade element”. This theory consider a propeller blade as a twisted wing, for which the quantities of interest to be obtained are the aerodynamics reactions, lift and drag, which are a function of the airfoil characteristics (treated as aerodynamic coefficients, cl for lift and cd for drag) for each section along blades length, twist angle, Mach, etc. For obtaining the propeller value of interest, the number of blades must also be considered. As an application for the study it was used a tri-blade propeller which equips an airplane for general aviation, that can carry 4 occupants flying at 170 Knots. The first aim of this study was to compare the results provided by the empirical method against the BET (Blade Element Theory). A secondary objective was to extend the empirical method in the design of a propeller for use on a closed circuit wind tunnel, once verified the consistency of obtained results as aimed on the first part of this study. Although the results were favorable, showing that both methods provide similar results, the study showed that the empirical method is not valid for operating and constructive conditions set for conditions like the defined for this wind tunnel, once for this type of application, the design parameters extrapolates the minimum and maximum limits established in the empirical method, providing extremely inconsistent results.
A REVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN THE VOID FRACTION OF THE SUPERHEATED REGION ON THE TEV OPERATION AND EVAPORATOR STABILITY
Authors: Ramos R. A. , Castro J.
Published: November 2018

A level of superheat is necessary to ensure proper operation of vapor- compression refrigeration systems. An overly superheated vapor prior to entering the compressor can render the system inefficient, while inadequate superheat can result in evaporator instability and compressor damage. The void fraction present in the suction line is directly related to evaporator stability and the hunting phenomenon in the thermostatic expansion valve (TEV). This article aims at reviewing superheated region-related researches in the field of refrigeration as they relate to the operation of the TEV and the stability of the evaporator. In a first part, literature review will explain the causes of the void fraction in the superheated region and the second part describes the effects of the lubricant oil on the void fraction. The third part of this article is a review of the effects of the superheated region on the TEV and on evaporator stability, explaining the causes of the hunting phenomena and evaporator instability.
A NUMERICAL-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE AIR ENTRAINMENT FOR SELF ASPIRING BURNERS
Authors: Baldani L. S. , Zdanski P. S. B.
Published: November 2018

This work presents an experimental and numerical study addressing the effects of air entrainment for self aspiring burners. Within this framework, the work focus on the analysis of four different burners tested with four different nozzles, resulting in a total of sixteen different configurations. The gas used for the tests was methane. Each nozzle diameter provided a different flow rate, which also resulted in a different entrainment, therefore a different oxygen concentration on the ports area, which was measured using an oxygen sensor. The level of oxygen decreased with the increase of the flow rate of the gas, and had a linear behavior with the nozzle diameter. The finite volume method with the realizable k-ε model was then applied to numerically investigate this phenomenon using the commercial software STARCCM+. The results shows that for the sixteen points tested the worst correlation had a relative error of 2.95%, while for the best one was of 0.04%.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Vargas J. V. C.
Published: November 2018

The editorial of Engenharia Térmica of this issue continues the discussion on scientific research needs in vital areas in which thermal engineering has important participation. The main goal is to motivate the readers, within their specialties, to identify possible subjects for their future research.Global energy demands are on the rise, and the current technology used to generate, transmit, and distribute electricity will not be able to meet the growth due to the bottlenecks in densely populated areas and the inefficiencies throughout the electrical grid. Soon, new technologies will be required to relieve the constraints on the grid while being cost effective, reliable, and environmentally acceptable. High temperature superconducting technology (HTS), that admits critical temperatures above 30 K, and under development, has the means to provide ways to overcome the challenges faced by electric utility companies. Other applications including all-electric ships and aircrafts would also benefit greatly from the use of HTS power devices in meeting the increasing electrical power requirements at high power densities. Therefore, advanced thermal engineering will be highly required to design and produce superconducting power generation systems and transmission lines that are technically and economically viable.The mission of Engenharia Térmica is to document the scientific progress in areas related to thermal engineering (e.g., energy, oil and renewable fuels). We are confident that we will continue to receive articles’ submissions that contribute to the progress of science.
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION ANALYSIS OF BIO- DIESEL FUEL WITH TITANIUM- OXIDE COATED PISTON ON 4-STROKE D.I DIESEL ENGINE
Authors: Reddy R. B. , Reddy S. S.
Published: November 2018

Diesel engines are being used extensively for fuel economy but due to gradual depletion of Petroleum resources and increase in exhaust emissions, there is an urgent need for suitable alternative fuels for the diesel engines. As our country is an agricultural country, if the alternate fuels are produced by our farmers it will be beneficial for the country and the farmers also. In recent studies, researchers studied various vegetable oils like canola oil, aloveera oil, soya been oil, flaxseed oil and hone oil etc. Out of all flaxseed oil play an important role as an alternative fuel. But the properties of flaxseed oil are not suitable for the usage in the existing diesel engines without blending with diesel fuel. The performance of the engine depends on the combustion phenomenon and it further depends on the amount of heat retained in the combustion chamber. Hence the present work is planned accordingly to develop an insulated engine by coating the piston with TIO2 material. So that more amount of heat will be retained in the combustion chamber which aids the combustion. Further the performance of flaxseed biodiesel blend namely B10, B20, B30 and B40 are tested and the results are mentioned accordingly.
GEOMETRIC EVALUATION OF COMPLEX CAVITY INTRUDED IN HEAT GENERATED WALLS
Authors: Guimaraes M. V. F. , Emmendorfer L. R. , Prolo Filho J. F. , Santos E. D. dos
Published: November 2018

In this work it is presented a numerical study about geometrical evaluation of heat transfer in solids with volumetric heat generation and complex intruded cavity for cooling the wall by means of Constructal Design. Several cavities with varied shapes have been evaluated in literature, such as I-, T- and H-shaped cavities. The purpose here is to evaluate a complex cavity that combines different elemental shapes. More precisely, the resultant cavity is a merge between a H-shaped cavity and a I-shaped one, forming a ramified geometry, which is more expected in the flow between a point and volume in systems with high magnitude. The main purpose is to minimize two times the maximal temperature in the solid domain (Tmax). Here two degrees of freedom are defined for the cavity: H1/L1 (ratio between the second branch thickness and its length) and H0/L0 (ratio between the third branch height and its thickness) and the area of cavity is the constraint. For each geometrical configuration the heat diffusion equation is solved with the Finite Element Method (FEM). Results showed that differences of until five times between the optimal shapes and the worst ones are achieved, showing the importance of application of Constructal Design in the problem. Moreover, the best performance is achieved when the vertical branches are fully intruded in the solid domain for intermediate lengths of horizontal branch.
COMPARISON ANALYSIS OF CORRELATIONS FOR INTERFACIAL FRICTION FACTOR APPLIED IN GAS-LIQUID ANNULAR FLOW IN VERTICAL PIPES
Authors: Paula Jr. C. F. de , Lima L. E. M.
Published: November 2018

Gas-liquid flows in pipes can occur in the form of an annular pattern in which the liquid flows as a thin film at pipe wall and the gas flows as a core in pipe center. This flow pattern is often encountered at boiling and condensation processes, for example, in industries of steam generation, cooling or petroleum. In annular flow, the interfacial friction factor is one of the important closing parameters for the definition of the interfacial shear stress and consequently the pressure gradient. In the literature, several correlations are found to estimate the interfacial friction factor. The main objective of this work is to carry out a comparative analysis of some these correlations against experimental data also obtained from the literature. The features and limitations of each correlation were observed, as well as the accuracy of each in relation to experimental data. The results obtained demonstrate that correlations analyzed, present relatively satisfactory results, despite the different characteristics of the correlations, however, it is necessary to carry out more extensive analyses involving others correlations and sets of experimental data.
BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM MICROWAVE IRRADIATED REACTOR USING HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS
Authors: Rabelo S. N. , Oliveira L. S. , França A. S.
Published: November 2018

Biodiesel was successful produced in a microwave irradiation reactor using homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. The biodiesel was production by the trasesterification reaction of soybean oil using metanol. Sodium methylate (30% solution in metanol) was used for the homogeneous catalyst and the heterogeneous catalyst was developed using wasted eggshells. The eggshells were calcined and tested pure and doped with potassium hydroxide in 10, 30 and 50% of weight. The power and temperature of the microwave were kept constant in every reaction being 800W and 200º Celsius, respectively. The reaction time was significantly reduced using microwave compared to the conventional process. In only one minute of reaction, the methyl ester (FAME) conversion obtained was 98.9% with the homogeneous catalyst and within 15 minutes, the heterogeneous catalysis accomplished 100%. For heterogeneous catalyst, the best results were acquired when the doped catalyst contained 50% of KOH. The results indicated that the eggshells treated with KOH has a great potential to be used for microwave-assisted transesterification reactions of oils with mild operations conditions: molar ratio oil/alcochol 1:6 and just 5% of catalyst. In addition, the heterogenous catalyst was recovered and reused in other reactions with a relatively satisfying results. The physico-chemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction and thermogravimectric analysis.
ANALYSIS OF THE TURBULENCE-RADIATION INTERACTION IN A METHANE-AIR DIFFUSION FLAME
Authors: Fraga G. C. , Petry A. P. , França F. H. R.
Published: November 2018

The phenomenon of turbulence-radiation interaction (TRI) has been demonstrated experimentally, theoretically and numerically to be important in a great number of engineering applications. This paper presents a numerical study on the subject, focusing on a methane-air diffusion flame confined in a rectangular enclosure. An open source, Fortran-based code, Fire Dynamics Simulator, is used for the analysis. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is adopted to model the turbulence, and to resolve the sub-grid scale terms the dynamic Smagorinsky model is employed. To solve the radiative heat transfer, the finite volume method is used alongside the Weighted-Sum-of-Gray-Gases model. The main objective of the present work is to assess the magnitude of TRI effects for the configuration proposed. For this purpose, the time-averaged wall heat fluxes and volumetric radiative heat source, calculated from the LES results, are compared with those same quantities obtained by independent simulations initialized using mean temperature and species concentration fields. TRI effects are found to be responsible for differences up to 30% between results considering and neglecting turbulent fluctuations. These differences are larger for the radiative heat source and for the radiative heat flux to the walls, smaller for the total heat flux, and almost negligible for the convective heat flux. The influence of the fuel stream Reynolds number on the TRI effects is also evaluated, and a slight decrease on the magnitude of TRI is observed with the increase of that parameter.
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF ADIABATIC FLOW OF NON-AZEOTROPIC MIXTURE R407c THROUGH A CAPILLARY TUBE
Authors: Ortiz L. B. , Motta S. Y. , Braga S. L. , Parise J. A. R.
Published: November 2018

The present work is related to the experimental evaluation of adiabatic flow of R22 and R407c, a nonazeotropic mixture, through a capillary tube. An experimental apparatus was erected to control and measure flow conditions across the capillary tube. Condensing temperature and degree of subcooling, i.e. upstream conditions, were kept within the range of 31oC and 45oC , and 7 e 24oC, respectively. Results have shown that R22 and R407c have similar performance, for giving operating conditions. One single geometry was tested. The capillary tube had a length of 1.3 m, an internal diameter of 0.81 mm and a roughness of 0.7 mm.
INDOOR AIR TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION  AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH TO BUILDING SIMULATION
Authors: Franco A. T. , Negrão C. O. R.
Published: November 2018

The current paper presents a model to predict indoor air temperature distribution. The approach is based on the energy conservation equation which is written for a certain number of finite volumes within the flow domain. The magnitude of the flow is estimated from a scale analysis of the momentum conservation equation. Discretized two or three-dimensional domains provide a set of algebraic equations. The resulting set of non-linear equations is iteratively solved using the line-by-line Thomas Algorithm. As long as the only equation to be solved is the conservation of energy and its coefficients are not strongly dependent on the temperature field, the solution is considerably fast. Therefore, the application of such model to a whole building system is quite reasonable. Two case studies involving buoyancy driven flows were carried out and comparisons with CFD solutions were performed. The results are quite promising for cases involving relatively strong couplings between heat and airflow.
ANALYTICAL MODEL OF TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION OVER AN ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT BOARD
Authors: Vlassov V. V.
Published: November 2018

The thermal model of an electronic circuit board with installed heat dissipating components is presented as a two-dimension steady-state heat conduction problem with multiple sources distributed over a rectangular region. The corresponding energy equation includes a source term and a temperature-dependent term to account for linear heat transfer in z-direction. Boundary conditions are of first type with unique temperature along the perimeter. The integral-transform technique is applied to obtain closed-form integral solution. Assuming that all dissipated components have a rectangular contact area with the plate, multiple integrals for each dissipated sub-region are easily found. A temperature map over the board is calculated from the closed expression with a triple sum of series with respect to each coordinate and source. The error is evaluated by the estimation of the truncated terms. The solution was applied to obtain the temperature distribution over the electronic Driver Plate of the CEP block of the CIMEX Brazilian experiment for flight qualifying of the Optical Block Detector Assembling.
AVERAGE HEAT TRANSFER OF TUBES IN DOWNWARD FOAM FLOW
Authors: Gylys J. , Jakubcionis M. , Sinkunas S. , Zdankus T.
Published: November 2018

The model of heat exchanger was investigated experimentally. This model consists of three vertical lines of horizontal tubes with five tubes in each. Tubes were arranged in a staggered order. Heat transfer of staggered bundle of tubes to downward static stable foam flow was investigated experimentally. Heat transfer dependence on specific gas and liquid velocity was determined. Dependence of volumetric void fraction of foam on heat transfer was investigated also. Heat transfer rate dependence on tube position in the line of tube bundle was investigated experimentally. It was established that heat transfer rate highly depends on tube position in the line. Influence of tube position on heat transfer from tube bundle in upward foam flow was compared. Heat transfer dependence on tube position in the bundle was investigated experimentally also. Influence of wall of foam generator on heat transfer to sideline of tubes was established. Experimental results of heat transfer of bundle of tubes to downward static stable foam flow were generalized using dependence between Nusselt and Reynolds numbers.
A STEADY PSEUDO-COMPRESSIBILITY APPROACH BASED ON UNSTRUCTURED HYBRID FINITE VOLUME TECHNIQUES APPLIED TO TURBULENT PREMIXED FLAME PROPAGATION
Authors: Dourado W. M. C. , Bruel P. , Azevedo J. L. F.
Published: November 2018

A pseudo-compressibility method for zero Mach number turbulent reactive
flows with heat release is combined with an unstructured finite volume
hybrid grid scheme. The spatial discretization is based on an overlapped cell
vertex approach. An infinite freely planar flame propagating into a turbulent
medium of premixed reactants is considered as a test case. The recourse to a
flamelet combustion modeling for which the reaction rate is quenched in a
continuous way ensures the uniqueness of the turbulent flame propagation
velocity. To integrate the final form of discretized governing equations, a
three-stage hybrid time-stepping scheme is used and artificial dissipation
terms are added to stabilize the convergence path towards the final steady
solution. The results obtained with such a numerical procedure prove to be
in good agreement with those reported in the literature on the very same
flow geometry. Indeed, the flame structure as well as its propagation
velocity are accurately predicted thus confirming the validity of the
approach followed and demonstrating that such a numerical procedure will
be a valuable tool to deal with complex reactive flow geometries.
OPTIMALLY STAGGERED FINNED CIRCULAR AND ELLIPTIC TUBES IN FORCED CONVECTION
Authors: Matos R. S. , Laursen T. A. , Vargas J. V. C. , Bejan A.
Published: November 2018

This work presents a three-dimensional (3-D) numerical and experimental geometric
optimization study to maximize the total heat transfer rate between a bundle of finned
tubes in a given volume and a given external flow both for circular and elliptic
arrangements, for general staggered configurations. The optimization procedure started
by recognizing the design limited space availability as a fixed volume constraint. The
experimental results were obtained for circular and elliptic configurations with a fixed
number of tubes (12), starting with an equilateral triangle configuration, which fitted
uniformly into the fixed volume with a resulting maximum dimensionless tube-to-tube
spacing S/2b = 1.5, where S is the actual spacing and b is the smaller ellipse semi-axis.
Several experimental configurations were built by reducing the tube-to-tube spacings,
identifying the optimal spacing for maximum heat transfer. Similarly, it was possible to
investigate the existence of optima with respect to other two geometric degrees of
freedom, i.e., tube eccentricity and fin-to-fin spacing. The results are reported for air as
the external fluid in the laminar regime, for 125 and 100 Re 2b , where 2b is the
ellipses smaller axis length. Circular and elliptic arrangements with the same flow
obstruction cross-sectional area were compared on the basis of maximum total heat
transfer. This criterion allows one to quantify the heat transfer gain in the most isolated
way possible, by studying arrangements with equivalent total pressure drops
independently of the tube cross section shape. This paper reports three-dimensional (3-
D) numerical optimization results for finned circular and elliptic tubes arrangements,
which are validated by direct comparison with experimental measurements with good
agreement. Global optima with respect to tube-to-tube spacing, eccentricity and fin-tofin
spacing ( 0.5 e 0.5, S/2b and 06 . 0 f for 125 and 100 Re 2b ,
respectively) were found and reported in general dimensionless variables. A relative heat
transfer gain of up to 19% is observed in the optimal elliptic arrangement, as compared
to the optimal circular one. The heat transfer gain, combined with the relative material
mass reduction of up to 32% observed in the optimal elliptic arrangement in comparison
to the circular one, show the elliptical arrangement has the potential for a considerably
better overall performance and lower cost than the traditional circular geometry.
AN OBJECTIVE EXPLICIT FORMULATION BASED ON THE OLDROYD-B CONSTITUTIVE EQUATION
Authors: Mompean G. , Thompson R. L. , Souza Mendes P. R.
Published: November 2018

In the present paper is shown how to obtain an objective explicit algebraic
extra-stress model (AESM) based on differential constitutive equations for
viscoelastic flows (Oldroyd B, White-Metzner, Phan-Thien-Tanner, etc).
The formulation is developed for three-dimensional time-dependent flows.
In a previous work, Mompean, 1998 obtained a non-objective algebraic
model. This inconsistency is now removed introducing the relative-rate-ofrotation
tensor making the model frame-invariant. A new generalized
objective time derivative is also introduced, giving flexibility to the model.
Calculations are performed with an Oldroyd B based AESM for a 4:1
contraction flow, showing good agreement with the original constitutive
differential model. Several results with particular derivatives are obtained
and an analysis guided by a flow type classifier is given. This formulation
is able to include a prediction, not present in the Oldroyd B model, the
viscometric second normal stress difference, N2.
Effect of material ageing and dirt on the behaviour of greenhouse insect-proof screens
Authors: López Alejandro , Molina-Aiz Francisco D. , Valera Diego L. , Peña Araceli , Espinoza Karlos
Published: November 2018

The present work examines the variations in the aerodynamic characteristics of four insect-proof screens by means of wind tunnel tests and digital image processing. The tested insect-proof screens were examined in three different conditions: (i) in their new, unused state; (ii) under conditions of accumulated dust and dirt after a period of 3 to 4 years of use; and (iii) under clean conditions after a period of 3 to 4 years of use and a cleaning treatment with high-pressure water. The deterioration of the screens caused the mesh to become less tense, therefore increasing its thickness and improving its aerodynamic behaviour despite a slight increase of the thread diameter and a subsequent decrease of the 2-dimensional porosity. The pressure drop coefficient, Fφ, of the used but clean screens was 1.5% to 8.8% lower (for u=1.0 m/s) than that of the new ones, thus increasing the discharge coefficient, Cd,φ, by between 0.8% and 4.8% as a result of the presence of the screens. On the other hand, comparison of the used screens in their clean and unclean states showed that the accumulation of dirt has a major bearing on their aerodynamic characteristics: Fφ increased by between 16.5% and 61.2% (for u=1.0 m/s) for the unclean screens, resulting in a Cd,φ reduction of between 7.5% and 21.3% and therefore a lower natural ventilation capacity of the greenhouse. A regular cleaning treatment of the insect-proof screens is a simple measure that improves the natural ventilation capacity of the greenhouse.
Self-directed Learning via Contemplative Teaching to Promote Reading Comprehension Ability
Authors: Giveh Fatemeh
Published: November 2018

The present study tried to investigate one of the options for improving self-directed learning in Iranian EFL learners, i.e., contemplative L2 instruction with a flavor of transformative instruction. Accordingly, it adopted a quasi-experimental design to investigate the influential effects that contemplative teaching would exert on Iranian EFL learners’ L2 self-directed learning and reading comprehension abilities. To this end, two groups of Iranian EFL learners were taught on the L2 through either contemplative teaching (Experimental Group) or a traditional method (Control Group). The results of the study indicated that contemplative teaching, accompanied with transformative instruction, would in fact have significant effects on Iranian EFL learners’ L2 autonomy, i.e., self-directed L2 learning, and L2 reading comprehension skills. In addition, the analysis of the qualitative indicated that the participants in the Experimental Group held positive attitudes towards contemplative and transformative L2 instruction and believed these instructional strategies would create a supporting and viable classroom atmosphere. The findings of this study would have significant implications for both theory and practice on L2 contemplative teaching, self-directed learning, and reading comprehension.
Prescribing Pattern of Extemporaneous Compounding in Primary Health Care Centers
Authors: Hapsari Indri , Marchaban Marchaban , Wiedyaningsih Chairun , Kristina Susi Ari
Published: November 2018

OBJECTIVE: Compounding is one of basic competences and skills should be owned by pharmacists since ages. Shortage of licensed drug supply and patients with special needs had become the major reason for the compounding practice to be performed. Average of drug number given to patients in primary or government health centers in a sheet of prescription compounding was quite high; commonly it included more than one drug given individually or prescribed together. The WHO/ INRUD cores drug prescribing indicators were developed to be utilized as a measure of performance in areas related to rational use of medicine in health facilities. This study aimed to analyze prescribing pattern of extemporaneous compounding in primary health care centers.

METHOD: Cross sectional survey method was employed in this study which was conducted at 24 Primary Health Care Centers in Banyumas regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia by collecting data of extemporaneous compounding from the primary health care centers having the compounding percentage ≥ 5% from total prescription of each. The researchers implemented retrospective data collection which was conducted on 1200 prescription sheets in period of April to June 2017.

RESULT: The drugs used in extemporaneous compounding were 49 types, and the mostly used were chlorpheniramin maleate (22.54%), dexamethasone (18.20%), glycerol guaiacolate (15.36%), amoxicillin (9.15%) and paracetamol (7.47%). Number of drugs used in each extemporaneous compounding was various; one to six drugs per-compounding with its average 2.86 drugs per-prescription of extemporaneous compounding. Generic drugs were mostly used in extemporaneous compounding with percentage 93.88%, while percentage of antibiotic use was low; it was 11.36%. Based on conformity with national formulary in Indonesia, the proper used drug in extemporaneous compounding was 71.43 %, while based on conformity with WHO Model List Essential Medicines, it was 46.96 %.

CONCLUSION: In this study, although the drug which was used in dosage form of extemporaneous compounding was still quite high with a range between 1 to 6 drugs in one dosage form, but generally the drug use in form of extemporaneous compounding in primary health care centers was still in accordance with the WHO/INRUD cores drug prescribing indicators that were characterized by high generic drugs and low use of antibiotics in the extemporaneous compounding at the primary health care centers.
OCENA POTENCJALNEJ PRZYDATNOŚCI GLEB MURSZASTYCH RÓWNINY ODRZAŃSKO-ZALEWOWEJ JA-KO SIEDLISKA LEŚNEGO Z ZASTOSOWANIEM INDEKSU TROFIZMU GLEB LEŚNYCH
Authors: CHUDECKA JUSTYNA , Sammel Adam , Tomaszewicz Tomasz
Published: November 2018

Celem pracy była ocena potencjalnej przydatności gleb murszastych Równiny Odrzańsko-Zalewowej, należących do V klasy gruntów ornych, jako siedlisk leśnych z wykorzystaniem Indeksu Trofizmu Gleb Leśnych (ITGL). W okresie prowadzenia badań były one użytkowane rolniczo. Według klasyfikacji bonitacyjnej odpowiadały one siedlisku lasu mieszanego. Według klasyfikacji typologicznej i wartości ITGL były to siedliska lasów mieszanych i lasów.
Dwie powieści Aleksandra Tierechowa – czyli o tym, jak książka może być jednocześnie wciągająca i nieprzyjemna
Authors: Lesicka Olga
Published: November 2018

The article discusses two novels of modern Russian writer Aleksandr Terekhov
– Каменный мост (Stone Bridge) and Немцы (Germans). The main aim of the article
is trying to find the answer to a question how a book can be riveting and unsavory
at the same time. Both books were appreciated by readers and critics and won
literary awards – first in 2009 and the second in 2012. Both are very difficult to
read because of the author’s specific style – combination of realistic message with
modernist stream of consciousness. The writer’s style comprises also a great dose of
cynicism and poisonous irony. The first novel is a sort of a journalist’s investigation
and concerns the tragic accident from the Stalinist past. The second can be called
a pastiche of an occupational novel and a critical look at the corruption in clerical
system in Russia.
Epoka zakazu druku jako geneza litewskiej nowoczesności – zarys perspektyw
Authors: Niemojewski Marcin
Published: November 2018

On May 7, 1904 the prohibition against the Lithuanian press was lifted. It was one of the most significant events that had a direct influence on the evolution of Lithuanian cultural, political and social life. Because of its importance it can be considered as the beginning of Lithuanian modernity. The aim of this reaserch paper is to demonstrate the significance of this turning point and to discuss the genesis of modern era by analysing the period preceding this event, in Lithuanian historiography called “the era of press ban” or “the time of book smugglers”. This period begun in 1864, when czarist authority prohibited the press in latin alphabet and tried to enforce the Russian one. During these 40 years of Lithuanian fight for freedom of printing, the proces of social and cultural changes were initiated. At that time, the first cultural institutions gathering a new generation of intelligentsia, using Lithuanian language, were born, and new forms of self-organization and the new cycles of ideas were shaped. Those processes were related to spreading the types and practices of printing word, available through illegal and well-organised publishing network. From this perspective, the period in which the seeds of Lithuanian modernity were created was a variant of the development of the printing culture, characteristic for Central and Eastern Europe.
Alfabetización visual y desarrollo del pensamiento histórico: actividades con imágenes en manuales escolares
Authors: Bel Martínez Juan Carlos , Colomer Rubio Juan Carlos , Valls Montés Rafael
Published: November 2018

La siguiente investigación pretende analizar en qué medida los recursos educativos, en este caso los libros de texto, contribuyen a la alfabetización visual del alumnado de Educación Primaria en Ciencias Sociales. Este tipo de alfabetización es un aspecto fundamental en cualquier etapa educativa tal y como ha venido confirmando la investigación hasta fechas muy recientes. Para ello se han seleccionado los manuales más utilizados en un determinado espacio geográfico desde 2006 y se han analizado siguiendo un método de investigación que combina procedimientos cuantitativos (ex post-facto) y cualitativos (análisis mediante categorías conceptuales) aplicándolos sobre las actividades relacionadas a imágenes figurativas de las unidades de Historia. La muestra está compuesta por 29 libros de texto de Conocimiento del Medio y Ciencias Sociales sujetos a las dos últimas reformas educativas aplicadas en España. El estudio realizado ha dado lugar a una base de datos compuesta por 2604 entradas, de las cuales 1068 corresponden a las actividades analizadas (basadas en 438 imágenes) y 1536 a las imágenes que pese a estar incluidas en los manuales no son utilizadas por ninguna de sus actividades. Los resultados demuestran que se mantiene un uso decorativo de la imagen en estos materiales de enseñanza y que existe una excesiva presencia de actividades descriptivas que no profundizan en las fuentes históricas presentadas por los libros. Todo ello redunda en adoptar posturas acríticas hacia los mensajes visuales por parte del alumnado y perjudica sus competencias comunicativas en el tratamiento de información gráfica. Junto con ello, se limitan las capacidades que este tipo de recursos pueden presentar para el desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas complejas vinculadas al pensamiento histórico de los estudiantes.
Análisis de los contenidos de Expresión Corporal impartidos en la formación inicial de los docentes de Primaria
Authors: Sánchez Galo , López Marga
Published: November 2018

El presente artículo aborda el análisis de la formación inicial de los docentes de Primaria en la disciplina de Expresión Corporal con el objetivo de contrastar los contenidos planificados en las guías docentes para su enseñanza con los elementos que los autores y autoras del ámbito consideran claves en la técnica del movimiento expresivo. Desde la complementariedad metodológica se realizó un estudio descriptivo y documental de las asignaturas impartidas en los estudios de Grado de Maestro/a de Primaria de las universidades públicas españolas. Dada la diversidad y heterogeneidad existente, se utilizó el criterio de seleccionar únicamente aquellas asignaturas en cuyas denominaciones apareciesen, al menos, dos de los siguientes términos: "expresión, corporal, movimiento, expresivo". Se analizaron los aspectos generales de las asignaturas de la muestra, como número de créditos o porcentaje presencial y teórico, así como el apartado "Contenidos" de las guías docentes. Los resultados obtenidos reflejan una tendencia actual a considerar la Expresión Corporal como una enseñanza prescindible en la formación al disponer únicamente de 6 créditos ECTS de carácter optativo en el cómputo global del Grado. Las asignaturas, desde un enfoque más práctico que teórico, presentan unos contenidos de naturaleza variada sin apenas referencias a la técnica propia de la disciplina, orientándose a la enseñanza de técnicas diversas de danza, dramatización, mimo o actividades de tipo lúdico como juegos, canciones y acrosport. También son escasas las referencias a la creatividad o a los procesos creativos en el balance total de las guías. Las conclusiones ofrecen unas directrices para guiar la didáctica de la Expresión Corporal en los estudios de Grado con el objetivo de transmitir al alumnado los conocimientos necesarios para implementar la disciplina como aprendizaje de valor en las escuelas.
Concurrent Validity of an Automated Footprint Detection Algorithm to Measure Plantar Contact Area During Walking
Authors: Lidstone Daniel E. , Porcher Louise M. , DeBerardinis Jessica , Dufek Janet S. , Trabia Mohamed B.
Published: November 2018

Background:

Monitoring footprints during walking can lead to better identification of foot structure and abnormalities. Current techniques for footprint measurements are either static or dynamic, with low resolution. This work presents an approach to monitor the plantar contact area when walking using high-speed videography.

Methods:

Footprint images were collected by asking the participants to walk across a custom-built acrylic walkway with a high-resolution digital camera placed directly underneath the walkway. This study proposes an automated footprint identification algorithm (Automatic Identification Algorithm) to measure the footprint throughout the stance phase of walking. This algorithm used coloration of the plantar tissue that was in contact with the acrylic walkway to distinguish the plantar contact area from other regions of the foot that were not in contact.

Results:

The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) demonstrated strong agreement between the proposed automated approach and the gold standard manual method (ICC = 0.939). Strong agreement between the two methods also was found for each phase of stance (ICC > 0.78).

Conclusions:

The proposed automated footprint detection technique identified the plantar contact area during walking with strong agreement with a manual gold standard method. This is the first study to demonstrate the concurrent validity of an automated identification algorithm to measure the plantar contact area during walking.
A whole lifespan mouse multi-tissue DNA methylation clock
Authors: Meer Margarita V , Podolskiy Dmitriy I , Tyshkovskiy Alexander , Gladyshev Vadim N
Published: November 2018

Age predictors based on DNA methylation levels at a small set of CpG sites, DNAm clocks, have been developed for humans and extended to several other species. Three currently available versions of mouse DNAm clocks were either created for individual tissues or tuned toward young ages. Here, we constructed a robust multi-tissue age predictor based on 435 CpG sites, which covers the entire mouse lifespan and remains unbiased with respect to any particular age group. It can successfully detect the effects of certain lifespan-modulating interventions on DNAm age as well as the rejuvenation effect related to the transition from fibroblasts to iPSCs. We have carried out comparative analyses of available mouse DNAm clocks, which revealed their broad applicability, but also certain limitations to the use of tissue-specific and multi-tissue age predictors. Together, these tools should help address diverse questions in aging research.
“Who sharpens the knives in my house?” Belarusian jokes about adultery at the turn of the 21st century
Authors: Fiadotava Anastasiya
Published: November 2018

This paper is a tribute to Belarusian folklorist and ethnographer Uladzimir Sysou (1951-1997) whose extensive legacy includes collecting 139 jokes during his field research in southern Belarus in 1995. Due to his untimely death, these jokes and other folklore items remain unpublished and have, to my knowledge, not been noticed by folklorists. Half of the collected jokes focus on family relations, mostly the relationship between husband and wife. One of the most popular topics of these jokes is adultery. The joke texts show an ambiguous attitude of people towards it. While committing adultery is considered improper, not a lot of effort is made to conceal it. If (or rather, when) a case of adultery comes to light, it does not lead to any serious problems for either spouse in jokes. When studying these jokes, it is curious to place them in historical context and compare them to earlier, Soviet-era jokes about adultery. This study discusses why jokes about adultery in Sysou’s collection differed both quantitatively and qualitatively from adultery jokes found in Soviet collections. The study shows that the high prevalence of jokes on the subject in Sysou’s collection and the liberal attitude towards adultery manifested in them result largely from the decrease in self- and state censorship in Belarus in the early 1990s, set against a backdrop of value pluralisation triggered by the collapse of the USSR.
Typowy Janusz and Bad Luck Brian: On meme characters from a cross-linguistic and cross-cultural perspective
Authors: Szerszunowicz Joanna
Published: November 2018

The Poles’ observations regarding the reality of the last decades motivated the creation of certain meme characters deeply set in the Polish culture and reflecting the new social phenomena which have come into existence recently. The  examples of such persons include the characters named Janusz, Grażyna, Seba and Karyna. Previously, the names had no connotative potential and they were not used as components of idiomatic expressions. In the modern Polish, the names function as labels evoking many features (personality, given intellectual potential, appearance, stereotypized behaviour etc.). For instance, Janusz is a man in his fifties, with a beer belly and reddish face, unattractive, with very limited knowledge in a field in which he himself considers to be an expert, complaining and stressing that life was much better in communist times, wearing unfashionable clothes, putting on sandals and white socks. It is worth adding that because of the connotations, the name is used in the expression typowy Janusz/janusz and in the construction Janusze/janusze + a discipline/area of activity, e.g. janusze biznesu. Both in informal communication and in the journalese discourse, their belonging to labels is of importance – the names evoke complex pictures. As culture-bound items, such units are interesting from a cross-linguistic and cross-cultural perspective. They will be analyzed and compared with the character of the English-language Bad Luck Brian memes.
Humour in online comments regarding Montenegro’s accession to NATO
Authors: Dževerdanovic-Pejović Milena
Published: November 2018

The empirical analysis in this paper deals with establishing humour examples based on script opposition patterns in online comments regarding Montenegro’s accession to NATO. It is established that the opposing scripts prevailing in the comments on political setting in Montenegro are heavily dependent on Montenegro’s turbulent history and dominant collective scripts such as pride and bravery. As online comments are an emerging genre, a reference to the influence of computer-mediated communication was also made, where pragmatic interpretation called for the help of critical discourse analysis.  The results show that the script opposition parameters enable not only linguistic but also pragmatic revelations about Montenegrin people and their chief values or scripts. Script opposition examples within commenters’ standpoints are explained with reference to diachronic level and the modern values in Montenegro.