bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Las medidas sanitarias y fitosanitarias en el Perú: marco teórico y legal
Authors: Zúñiga Schroder Humberto
Published: December 2022

La creciente demanda de productos alimenticios cuyo consumo no genere efectos desfavorables en la salud de las personas ha llevado a un aumento considerable en el número de medidas sanitarias y fitosanitarias elaboradas —y utilizadas— en el mundo. No obstante, este crecimiento no se ha visto acompañado, en muchos casos, de un entendimiento general del rol que estas medidas desempeñan en nuestra economía, ni del marco jurídico dentro del cual se encuentran enmarcadas. En ese sentido, el presente trabajo se focaliza en explicar, de manera general, el marco teórico y legal relacionado con las denominadas medidas sanitarias y fitosanitarias, así como las ventajas y los potenciales impactos derivados de su utilización
Villegas Vega, Paul y Alberto Cairampoma Arroyo. «La responsabilidad social universitaria desde el derecho administrativo». Derecho PUCP, n.º 87 (noviembre 2021), 523-550.
Authors: Huaman Cosio Nohelia Andrea , Salinas Dioses Juan Andrés
Published: December 2022

Somos testigos de los esfuerzos que realiza el Estado mediante la administración pública con el fin de aliviar los problemas presentes en la sociedad. En el artículo reseñado, los autores Villegas y Cairampoma ponen de relieve que esos esfuerzos son insuficientes para lograr los fines o intereses públicos, y hacen notar que otros actores de la sociedad realizan acciones tendientes al logro de estos fines centrados en la responsabilidad social. Ponen especial atención a las acciones que realizan las universidades, como parte de la «responsabilidad social universitaria», con un enfoque hacia el derecho administrativo.
KONYA GELENEKSEL GİYSİLERİNDEN CEPKENLER VE SÜSLEME ÖZELLİKLERİ
Authors: PALA YAVUZYİĞİT Zehra
Published: December 2022

Konya, İç Anadolu bölgesinde bulunan farklı kültürleri bünyesinde barındırmış sanatsal birikimi olan bir ildir. Gerek mimari gerek el sanatları alanlarında kökeni eskiye dayanan zengin bir yelpaze içindedir. El sanatları içinde giyim, kuşam ürünleri süsleme sanatlarının kullanıldığı alanlardır. Konya’nın da kendine özgü şekillenen birtakım giyim ve süsleme geleneği vardır. Araştırmada Konya A.R. İzzet Koyunoğlu Müzesinde depoda muhafaza edilen kasti örnekleme ile seçilmiş cepkenler betimsel analiz yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda 10 eser araştırma kapsamına alınmıştır. Öncelikle gerekli izinler alınmış, fotoğraflar çekilmiş, ölçüler alınmış ve gözlem fişleriyle ayrıntılı şekilde eserler analiz edilerek belgelenmiştir. Cepkenlerin modeli, malzemesi, süsleme özellikleri vb. tespit edilmiştir. Kumaş türleri, renkleri, biçimleri, ölçüleri de analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada amaç; Konya cepken örneklerinin özellikleri ortaya koymak ve arşivlemektir. Sonuç olarak kullanılan renkler, kumaşlar, işleme özelliklerinin neler olduğu belirlenmiş ve ortaya konulmuştur. Cepken gibi geleneksel el sanatları içinde yer alan bu ürünlerin korunması ve tanıtılması için yapılması gerekenler ise öneri olarak sunulmuştur.
TURİST DAVRANIŞLARI ALGISININ OTEL ÇALIŞANLARININ İŞ TATMİNİNE ETKİSİ: VAN OTELLERİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: NAS Zekeriya , GÜZEL Emel
Published: December 2022

Bu araştırma emeğin yoğun olduğu bir sektör olan Turizm sektörünün önemli bir bölümünü oluşturan oteller ve bu otellerde çalışan personelleri kapsamakta olup, bu araştırma iş tatminini etkileyen faktörler, turistlerin tutum ve davranışlarının personellerin iş tatminlerine, performanslarına ve çalışmalarındaki verimlilikleri üzerindeki etkisi ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini Van ilinde bulunan otellerde çalışan personeller oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada evrenin tümüne ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırma nicel bir araştırma olup; araştırmada anket tekniği kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırmanın verileri çalışanların demografik özelliklerine, iş tatminine yönelik ifadelerine ve çalışanların turistlere ilişkin ifadelerinden oluşan anket formları ile toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda iş tatminini etkileyen faktörlerin çalışanlar üzerinde etkisinin olduğu ve turistlerin olumlu ya da olumsuz tutum ve davranışlarının otel çalışanları üzerinde etkisinin olumlu ya da olumsuz sonuçlar doğurabileceğini ortaya çıkarmıştır.
Exploring Relationship between Retail Innovativeness, Customer Value and Customer Loyalty
Authors: Bilal Ahsan , Ijaz Imran , Shoukat Nouman , Akhtar Rubeen
Published: December 2022

Trends are changing in retail sector in Pakistan retailers create new or make innovation in existing products and services to attract new customers and existing customers. Retail innovation is a key of success now a day’s, customer wants creativity and innovation not only in product development but also in services, promotional techniques and in environment or store atmosphere. The aim of this study is to identifying the relationship between retail innovativeness, customer values and customer loyalty, identify how customers perceive innovativeness of retailers and mediating role of consumer values, perceived retail innovativeness enhance consumer loyalty through customer values and faced some challenges hindering’s retail innovativeness. It is a consumer-based study. Data would be collected for study from 225 customers of the retail stores from 3 main cities of Pakistan, which will be select with convenience sampling technique and analysis will done under statistical techniques.
Paydaşların Perspektifinden Geçici Koruma Statüsündeki Öğrenciler Üzerinde Okul Kültürünün Etkisi: Bir Durum Çalışması
Authors: ÇETİNGÜNEY Hanife , YILDIRIM Tuba , BÜYÜK Uğur
Published: December 2022

Şiddet, baskı ve zulüm nedeniyle zorla yerinden edilen kişilerin sayısı dünya genelinde rekor seviyeye ulaşırken; Türkiye dünyada en fazla sayıda sığınmacıya ev sahipliği yapan ülkelerden biri olmayı sürdürmüştür. Eğitimden sağlığa sosyal hayatın birçok alanını etkileyen bu durum Türkiye’de okullarda uyum sorunlarının gözlenmesine de neden olmuştur. Bu sorunlar ve çözümleri üzerine paydaşların görüşleri doğrultusunda okul kültürünün etkileri bu araştırmada incelenmek istenen konuların başında gelmektedir. Bu kapsamda bu çalışmanın amacı, Kayseri ili Melikgazi ilçesindeki bir devlet okulunda görev yapan paydaşların perspektifinden geçici koruma statüsündeki öğrenciler üzerinde okul kültürünün etkisini incelemektir. Araştırmanın gerçekleştirilmesinde nitel araştırma yönteminin durum çalışması deseni kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubunu iki okul yöneticisi, yedi farklı branştan öğretmenler, bir okul personeli, bir gönüllü öğretici, ikisi Türk diğerleri farklı etnik kökenden olmak üzere beş veli ve bu velilerin öğrencileri olmak üzere toplamda yirmi bir katılımcı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın katılımcıları ölçüt örneklemegöre oluşturulmuş olup çalışmanın amacına uygun olarak Kayseri ili Melikgazi ilçesinde geçici koruma statüsündeki öğrencilerin en yoğun olduğu okul tercih edilmiştir. Katılımcıların geçici koruma statüsündeki öğrenciler veya bu öğrencilerin aileleri ile en az bir yıl zaman geçirmiş olmaları katılımcı seçiminde dikkate alınmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen anket, örgütsel hikâye tekniği ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme çalışmada kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi ise içerik analizi ile çözümlenmiştir. Mülakatlardan elde edilen bulgular ışığında paydaşların sık karşılaştığı sorunun ve üzerinde en çok işbirliği yaptığı konunun dil ve iletişim olduğu ve en az üzerinde işbirliği yapılan konunun ise savaşın etkisi olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca örgütsel hikâyelerde içerik analizi sonucu elde edilen kodlarda da dil ve iletişimin izdüşümüne rastlanmıştır.
Multidimensional Comparative Analysis of Passenger Rail Transport in Selected European Countries in Terms of Economic Security
Authors: Topolewski Stanisław , Mitkow Szymon , Kozicki Bartosz , Wiśniewski Bernard
Published: December 2022

The study comprises a multidimensional comparative analysis of the number of passengers transported by rail in twelve European countries between 2019-2021; the considered data were grouped and analyzed. The dynamics indices with a constant base were used in the study. The aim of the article was a comparative analysis of the number of passengers transported by rail in the European countries under consideration between 2019-2021. The result of the research is the observation of an increase in the number of passengers transported by rail in twelve European countries in 2021 compared to 2020 by 374 965 people. It was visible in nine out of the twelve countries considered. The largest one was observed in France, with around 170 544 passengers. Considering the percentage increase between 2020 and 2021 in respective countries in rail passenger transport, it was observed that the most significant increase was in Italy, which amounted to 25,61%.
İlâhiyat/İslâmi İlimler Fakültelerinde Kur’ân-ı Kerîm Dersleri: Ezber mi, Yüzünden Okuma mı?
Authors: CANKURT Fatih
Published: December 2022

Kur’ân Okuma ve Tecvîd dersleri, ülkemizde dînî hizmetleri yürüten kadroları yetiştirmekle yükümlü İlâhiyat/İslâmî İlimler Fakülteleri müfredatında yer alan, en önemli derslerdendir. Uygulama esasına dayalı bu derslerde, haftada iki saatle sınırlı sürede talebenin nasıl yeterli hale getirilebileceği, öne çıkan problemlerdendir. Bu çalışmada, öğrencilerin Kur’ân okuma seviyesinin kifâyetli hale gelebilmesi için, derslerin yüzünden okuma mı yoksa müfredat ezberlerini tamamlama üzerine mi bina edilmesi gerektiği meselesi çözümlenmeye çalışılmaktadır. Konu üzerine daha önce yapılmış çalışmalardan farklı olarak, uygulama birliğini tesise yönelik katkı sağlama hedefiyle, güncel, uygulanabilir müfredat ve sınav şablonu önerisi takdim edilmekle birlikte bu öneri doğrultusunda ders verilen öğrencilere yöneltilen anketle, tatbik edilen yöntemin sağlaması yapılmaktadır. Sûre ezberlerinin Kur’ân-ı Kerîm derslerinin vazgeçilmez bir unsuru olduğu fakat, genel eğilim ve uygulamanın aksine, yüzünden okuma esasına dayalı bir ders yöntemi takip edilmesinin hem Kur’ân eğitiminin amacı hem de genel öğrenci profili açısından en makul yaklaşım olduğu kanaati sonuç kısmında zikredilmektedir.
PhotograPhysical
Authors: Scheller Jörg
Published: December 2022

In this essay I discuss the interrelationships between modern physical culture, photography, and biopolitics by a) referring to historical discourses that highlight the nexus of photography and the material/physical world, b) pointing out the implicit photogeneity of the sculpted bodies in bodybuilding and fitness which aspire to the same characteristics formerly associated with (analog) photography, among others timelessness. Modern physical culture (fitness, bodybuilding) is here defined as one of the most significant fields for the substantiation of biopolitics insofar as it seeks to increase the capacities of the individual body and the general population not through force but rather through incentives and subtle modes of internalized control. As arguably the leading medium of the modern (liberal) nation states and as the most important medium for the proliferation of modern physical culture, photography is interpreted as the “hand of the king” in the realm of biopolitics, as it were. Not only has it contributed substantially to supplying the emerging physical culture industry with omnipresent representations of photogenic role models, but it has also helped to make modern and contemporary visual culture more “lively”. This “orientation to the living” is reinforced when the image object is a living human body  in the making. Moreover, in times of digital photography, smartphone cameras have become tools for constant self-observation and self-optimization in connection with social media as exhibition spaces for the comparable body.
Talkative Skin / Skin Talking Back
Authors: Schwärzler Monika
Published: December 2022

This essay focuses on skin as a surface that lends itself to projections and societal attributions of all sorts. It deals with writings on skin, latent texts as well as strong marks, with transgressions and transcriptions of somatic data into moral issues, with the blush in eighteen-century portraits of women and the shameless behavior in online performances of young women today, with reddened cheeks, as well as snow-white and smeared bodies. It deals with the “fairer sex,” ideological constructs of purity and innocence, and deliberately disfigured skin, with acts and re-enactments of violence and aggression, rebellion, and defiance. And it presents a photo project by the Austrian artist Iris Andraschek that gets under your skin.
Hazard Adams, William Blake on His Poetry and Painting: A Study of A Descriptive Catalogue, Other Prose Writings and Jerusalem
Authors: Yoder R. Paul
Published: December 2022

In the past decade, we have seen examinations of the more marginal works (sometimes literally so) in William Blake’s oeuvre. For example, Blake’s epic Jerusalem has long been considered more or less his valedictory work, but in 2003’s The Traveller in the Evening: The Last Works of William Blake (Oxford), Morton Paley charted Blake’s productions after that supposed farewell, and in the process created a valuable introduction for readers interested in examining those relatively neglected materials.  In 2009 Hazard Adams offered a similar overview of Blake’s marginalia in Blake’s Margins: An Interpretive Study of the Annotations (McFarland).  In William Blake on His Poetry and Painting: A Study of A Descriptive Catalogue, Other Prose Writings and Jerusalem, Adams “continues the study of William Blake’s prose writings begun with Blake’s Margins” (1).  Poetry and Painting looks at Blake’s prose works with a particular focus on his remarks on art and poetry. Part I includes seven essays on, respectively, A Descriptive Catalogue, A Vision of the Last Judgment, A Public Address, On Homers Poetry and On Virgil, Laocoön, Blake’s letters, and “The Early Tractates.”  Part II comprises three essays, the first considering Blake’s attitudes on poetry, on his own poetry, and on other poets, the second on his prose and Jerusalem, and the third on his impact on William Butler Yeats and James Joyce.
Blake and Music, 2017
Authors: Whittaker Jason
Published: December 2022

William Blake has long been a favorite of a number of composers and songwriters, and when Donald Fitch published Blake Set to Music: A Bibliography of Musical Settings of the Poems and Prose of William Blake in 1990, he listed 1412 pieces that had been composed by 1988. This was then expanded by his “Blake Set to Music: Supplement 2001” in Blake 35.2 (fall 2001) and Ashanka Kumari’s “Adding to Blake Set to Music” in Blake 49.4 (spring 2016). The original Blake Set to Music had largely concentrated on classical settings of Blake’s works; Fitch’s supplement, as well as incorporating additional classical compositions that had appeared since the end of the 1980s, also included a significant number of pop songs that had been produced earlier. Kumari continued with both classical and popular additions, and my list of entries adheres to the format established by Fitch and followed by Kumari. As Kumari’s piece concluded with 2013 releases, the entries here concentrate on those that have been released since 2013, although some earlier ones, not included by either her or Fitch, also appear below. There is one significant difference between this list and those produced by both previous authors: while they generally avoided songs that simply mentioned Blake and instead concentrated on settings of Blake’s poetry, this list also includes songs that are about Blake in some shape or form. I have avoided the substantial number of albums that make some passing—usually superficial—reference to the Songs of Innocence and of Experience, although two albums by U2 are listed because critics have observed that they are significantly, if somewhat obliquely, influenced by Blake’s poetry.
Daniela Picón, Visiones de William Blake: Itinerarios de su recepción en los siglos XIX y XX
Authors: Aguilar Andrés Ferrada
Published: December 2022

In the four chapters of Visiones de William Blake, Daniela Picón explores three fundamental artistic zones of Western modernity: Romanticism, symbolism, and the avant-garde. In this sense, the book follows a comparative methodology that valorizes and, at the same time, problematizes arguments offered by literary critic René Wellek in Discriminations: Further Concepts of Criticism (1970). In the prologue, Picón introduces her interest in setting out “communicating vessels,” as André Breton said, between these zones in the light of Blake’s work. Under the luminous halo of the poet we can discern not only movements tied to a specific artistic or cultural field (Bourdieu 334), but also sensibilities that, beyond critical and aesthetic distinctions, suggest compelling affinities—among others, the bonding between the creator and his work, the conception of art as a vital experience where the actual and the transcendental meet, and the hermeneutical process led by readers/​spectators.
William Blake in Sussex: Visions of Albion, Petworth House (National Trust), January–March 2018; Andrew Loukes, ed., William Blake in Sussex: Visions of Albion
Authors: Calè Luisa
Published: December 2022

Landscape near Felpham (Tate, cat. no. 3, Butlin no. 368), a watercolor seascape with a boat in the bottom foreground and a ray of light illuminating William Blake’s cottage in the mid-distance, reflects Blake’s first impressions upon arrival in Felpham, Sussex, where he spent three years from 1800 to 1803: “Heaven opens here on all sides her golden Gates   her windows are not obstructed by vapours.” In an earlier letter, he presented his imminent move “As the time … when Men shall again converse in Heaven & walk with Angels.” This promise of visionary conversation is borne out in a tail-vignette in Milton captioned “Blakes Cottage at Felpham,” featuring a scene of visitation with the virgin Ololon descending from the sky. The poem attributes the move to his prophetic character Los, so “that in three years I might write all these Visions” (Milton 36 [40].24, E 137). The importance of place is confirmed in Jerusalem: “In Felpham I heard and saw the Visions of Albion” (Jerusalem 34 [38].41, E 180). While analysis of the “Three years  Labours at Felpham” (E 572) has focused on the composition of Milton and Jerusalem, a wider case about Blake’s visual corpus was made in William Blake in Sussex: Visions of Albion, the exhibition curated by Andrew Loukes at Petworth House from January to March 2018. It reconstructed the impact of Blake’s Felpham period by bringing together works composed in Sussex, those commissioned or acquired by the Countess and Earl of Egremont, and later works inspired by rural and maritime scenes experienced in Sussex.
Christopher M. Bundock, Romantic Prophecy and the Resistance to Historicism
Authors: James John Patrick
Published: December 2022

What is history and what does it mean to be historical? These are not only fitting questions for an era of political upheaval and epistemic change, but ones endemic to the polyvalent inquiry and future-oriented temporality exhibited by many of Romanticism’s most influential figures. What Blake, Goethe, Coleridge, and others all share—besides a penchant for observation and an inclination toward linguistic play—is an ability to combine what today seem distinct modes of inquiry into literary forms no less valid for their imaginative structure than the abstruse prose tracts of Kierkegaard or the aesthetic writings of Kant or Burke. Such multidisciplinary works propagate a novel sense of historicity, one that distinguishes itself from the accumulated chain of events that forms the present, and, beyond it, the future such poems surreptitiously portend. Many influential studies have deftly adopted this theme, among them James Chandler’s England in 1819: The Politics of Literary Culture and the Case of Romantic Historicism (1998), Kevis Goodman’s Georgic Modernity and British Romanticism: Poetry and the Mediation of History (2004), and Saree Makdisi’s William Blake and the Impossible History of the 1790s (2003). Christopher M. Bundock’s Romantic Prophecy and the Resistance to Historicism complicates this discussion by underscoring an apocalyptic dimension to Romantic temporality central less to its ability to foresee the future, or to see itself as somehow outside time, and more to prophecy’s capacity to operate “outside and parallel to the systematic, variously scientific elaborations of historiography” (5) and to position the prophet as “an anti- or at least a para-institutional agent” (3). Such readings are especially pertinent to Blake, whose work exhibits a staunch resistance to the hermeneutic authority of juridical, religious, and educational institutions. The study is also useful for understanding the prophetic dimensions of the various texts Bundock takes up, from Wordsworth’s The Prelude to Kant’s lesser-known writings on Swedenborg to Mary Shelley’s post-apocalyptic novel The Last Man. Throughout these discussions, Bundock exhibits remarkable erudition, contextualizing the book’s concerns within the sometimes obscure scientific and religious discourses of the period while theorizing that argument for an inherently evolving and contentiously understood present.
Tracey Emin and William Blake in Focus, Tate Liverpool, September 2016–September 2017
Authors: Erle Sibylle
Published: December 2022

In Liverpool, as part of Tate Liverpool’s In Focus series, Tracey Emin (b. 1963) and William Blake (1757–1827), two London-based artists, shared exhibition space for almost a year. The intention, according to Tate Liverpool’s web site, was to show “a shared concern with birth, death and spirituality in both artists’ work.” The highlights of the exhibition, it says, included My Bed (1998) and drawings by Emin, Blake’s large color print Pity (c. 1795, Butlin #310), presented to the Tate in 1939 by W. Graham Robertson, and the ink and watercolor painting The Crucifixion: “Behold Thy Mother” (c. 1805, Butlin #497), originally part of a series done for Thomas Butts illustrating Christ’s crucifixion and resurrection. The painting was given to the Tate in 1949, a year after Robertson’s death. To link Emin and her art to that of Blake is not new: “To say that Emin is like Blake, as has often been done, is not to claim that she is his equal. But it is true that she, like him, is a romantic who, although admired by many, has also disturbed people to the point of fear. … Both artists, in their search for poeticised truth, manifest a strong disregard of opinion” (Brown 10).
G. E. Bentley, Jr., Boondoggles: Travels of a Restless Professor
Authors: Jones Sarah
Published: December 2022

When Jerry Bentley’s article on the Blake dealings of A. S. W. Rosenbach appeared posthumously in the winter 2017–18 issue of the journal, I assumed that it was his last work to be published. I should have known better. Boondoggles are his tales of a lifetime’s travels, a memoir begun with the editing assistance of his daughters and completed by them after his death. That Sarah and Julia brought the project to fruition is appropriate, as the stories revolve around family and derive from the many letters that Jerry wrote to family and friends. His pride in and love for them shine through, as they do for his wife, Beth, who presides throughout as a benevolent facilitator of all things: “For fifty-nine years Beth managed my life firmly and inconspicuously. Hurricanes, revolutions, poverty, respectability—nothing fazed her. Beth could always manage” (6).
William Blake and His Circle: A Checklist of Scholarship in 2018
Authors: Ripley Wayne C.
Published: December 2022

2018 saw a new edition of Blake’s selected works, the William Blake in Sussex: Visions of Albion exhibition at Petworth House and its catalogue, four monographs, four collections of essays, and six dissertations that are either exclusively about Blake or feature him prominently, and scores of insightful articles, to say nothing of the ongoing work of the William Blake Archive and Jason Whittaker’s Zoamorphosis. In the mass media, there was also much coverage of the new tombstone at Blake’s rediscovered gravesite at Bunhill Fields that was dedicated by the Blake Society on 12 August 2018.
William Blake: The Artist (Tate Britain, 11 September 2019–2 February 2020): An Interview with Martin Myrone
Authors: Calè Luisa
Published: December 2022

In this interview Martin Myrone discusses the upcoming retrospective William Blake: The Artist, which opens at Tate Britain on 11 September.
Blake in the Marketplace, 2019
Authors: Essick Robert N.
Published: December 2022

The 2019 market began propitiously with the discovery, and offer for sale by the London dealer Peter Harrington, of a previously unrecorded copy of Edward Young’s Night Thoughts with Blake’s engravings hand colored. This January surprise was followed in the next month by the Art Institute of Chicago’s acquisition of Blake’s The Day of Judgment, a watercolor illustration to Robert Blair’s The Grave. Many copies of Blake’s Job engravings appeared throughout 2019 and one notable rarity among his commercial book illustrations, Elizabeth Blower’s Maria: A Novel, came to auction in December. A receipt written by Thomas Butts and signed by Blake fetched a high price at a Parisian auction.
Blake and Exhibitions, 2019
Authors: Calè Luisa
Published: December 2022

2019 was an extraordinary year for Blake. The retrospective at Tate Britain reassessed his work in the context of the choices that shaped the making of an artist’s career in Romantic-period London; elsewhere, individual works were reinterpreted within thematic exhibitions. The Judgment of Paris, illustrating Homer’s Iliad, was displayed as part of Troy: Myth and Reality. A selection of Blake’s illustrations represented the tension between fact and fantasy in an exhibition accompanying the 2019 biennial conference of the British Association for Romantic Studies in Nottingham. In Extreme Nature!, Behemoth and Leviathan from Illustrations of the Book of Job came across as an attempt to imagine all-powerful biblical beasts, captured within the frame of a book illustration, as examples of restrained, domesticated, and vanquished pride. The National Maritime Museum used Blake’s miniature emblem captioned “I want! I want!,” featuring a tiny figure propping up a long ladder across the sky to bridge the distance between earth and moon, to introduce the imagining of moon travel among mythical and scientific specimens brought together to mark the fiftieth anniversary of the moon landing. Blake’s watercolor Christ Refusing the Banquet Offered by Satan from John Milton’s Paradise Regained exemplified the dynamic of temptation and abstinence in a religious relationship with food in Feast and Fast: The Art of Food in Europe, 1500–1800, while earlier series illustrating Paradise Lost and On the Morning of Christ’s Nativity were on view at Tate Britain as examples of the patronage of the Rev. Joseph Thomas. Versions of The Good and Evil Angels were on display in three exhibitions. The pen and watercolor from 1793–94 was central in shaping the demonic power and active energy of the elements in Fire: Flashes to Ashes in British Art, 1692–2019 from June to September, while in October it went home to The Higgins, where its child-snatching element was inflected in a new context in Dreams and Nightmares. Meanwhile, Tate Britain’s impression of the color print of 1795 appeared on the wall of an outdoor basketball court as part of the animation of a series of iconic works in Sam Gainsborough’s trailer for the Blake retrospective. Inside the gallery, it was hung among the twelve large color prints—whose only known contemporary collector was Thomas Butts—showing how they might work as a series translating the experience of Renaissance cycles within a bourgeois interior.
Blake and Music, 2019
Authors: Whittaker Jason
Published: December 2022

2019 was something of an annus mirabilis in terms of settings of Blake to music, in the form of either direct adaptations of his poems or original songs based on his life and work. While the previous listing recorded nine releases from 2018, the list of new works includes twenty-three from 2019 (with an additional four from 2018 and one from 2017). One significant reason for the proliferation of Blake recordings (as with other forms of music) is that in the past two years it has become increasingly easy for independent or solo artists to release their music via streaming services such as Apple Music, Amazon Music, and Spotify. Indeed, for the majority of entries this year the format indicated is streaming, meaning that they are not available in physical formats such as vinyl or CD.
An Overannotated “Auguries of Innocence”
Authors: Gourlay Alexander S.
Published: December 2022

Recently, in reviewing two new editions of Blake, I used “Auguries of Innocence” as a test case to assess the explanatory notes provided by the editors. I chose the poem because it seems to me particularly susceptible to—​and in need of—​intervention of the kind provided by editorial annotation. Each individual augury poses an intellectual problem of some kind. Many are apparently designed to exercise and strengthen the visionary capabilities of the reader, usually depending on a critical unstated fact or idea, but the supplementary information provided in existing editions of this work is sparse and more often occludes than illuminates. I thought it might be useful to some future editors as well as readers to create an “edition” of this poem with explicit versions of every note I could think of, not as a paradigmatic textbook text of the poem (it’s too thorough, though far from exhaustive) but as a resource from which editors could select the information that would be most helpful to their readers.
James Blake of Rotherhithe, Timber Merchant
Authors: Ripley Wayne C.
Published: December 2022

I have now uncovered what I believe to be the admission paper of Blake’s father for the Freedom of the City of London. It includes new information that seems to validate Bentley’s suspicion that Blake’s grandfather could be identified with James Blake, a timber merchant who died in Ratcliff, Middlesex, in 1754.
“Remarkable both for Genius, & Extravagance”: Amelia Opie and Blake’s Illustrations of the Book of Job
Authors: King Shelley , Pierce John B.
Published: December 2022

In 1986 William W. Heath announced a most exciting acquisition for the Mead Art Museum at Amherst College, the gift of Dr. and Mrs. K. Frank Austen (class of 1950): a copy of Blake’s Illustrations of the Book of Job (1826) that had been known earlier in the twentieth century but whose location had proved elusive for a number of years. It is readily identifiable by its inscription: “This work remarkable both for Genius, & Extravagance, is the gift of Amelia Opie to her friend David, whose own genius will make him prize the former, while his excellent Taste makes it impossible for him to imitate the latter—​Paris—​4me Mo 22me 1831”.
The Mental Travellers: On Blake’s Reception by Nikolai Gumilyov
Authors: Serdechnaia Vera
Published: December 2022

William Blake drew the attention of the influential Russian poet and literary critic Nikolai Gumilyov (1886–​1921). Gumilyov was the first to translate “The Mental Traveller” into another language, in the period from 1918 to 1921, and his late poetry contains many traces of Blakean influence.
“Re-mediatingˮ William Blake in Croatia and Serbia
Authors: Bakić Tanja
Published: December 2022

In “‘The Most Obscure and Most Angelic of All the English Lyrical Poets,’” my essay for The Reception of William Blake in Europe, I dealt with the works of one contemporary artist from Croatia—​Zdenka Pozaić—​and two from Serbia—​Simonida Rajčević and Aleksandra M. Jovanić—​who were influenced by Blake. Pozaić (b. 1940) is a graphic artist who in 2003 created The Crystal Cabinet, an artist’s book based on a Croatian translation of Blake’s poem of the same name. Rajčević (b. 1974) is an artist specializing in drawings who in 2010 used two works by Blake—​“The Ancient of Daysˮ and Nebuchadnezzar—​as part of an atmospheric installation titled Tamna zvezda (Dark Star), which also included quotations from Blake and other artists. Finally, Jovanić (b. 1976), a digital artist, in 2011 created an internet-based form centered upon a Serbian translation of “A Poison Tree.ˮ Each project, although different, reflected Blake’s practice of combining text and image. While my previous essay describes the works, relates their characteristics, and explains which of Blake’s works these artists were influenced by, this article approaches the subject from another perspective; it tries to answer how the artists first perceived Blake, how each of them understood him, and in what way the figure of Blake guided them.
William Blake’s Black Bible as a Spectacle of Doom: A Recent Note to Blakean Reception in Romania
Authors: Ghiță Cătălin
Published: December 2022

I intend in this paper to focus on a lesser-known, yet highly significant, aspect of Blake’s aesthetic reception in southeast Europe. The radio play William Blake’s Black Bible (Biblia neagră a lui William Blake) represents—​as one learns at the end—​a tribute to the victims of the Colectiv Club fire, which occurred in Bucharest on 30 October 2015. The site itself was a blast from the past: established as a private venture by a prominent bourgeois family, Prodanof, between the two world wars, it became a successful footwear factory during the communist era and was left derelict after the demise of the Ceaușescu regime in late 1989. It was subsequently rented by private businessmen and turned into a fashionable events club after 1990.
“I inhabited the Land of Ulro long before Blake taught me its proper name”: Czesław Miłosz’s Ziemia Ulro/The Land of Ulro
Authors: Borkowska Eliza
Published: December 2022

Olga Tokarczuk, in her Nobel lecture of 7 December 2019, observed that the public nowadays prefers facts to fiction. This is an auspicious remark for my purposes, as my theme will be the autobiographical book of Czesław Miłosz, another Polish winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature, who received his award in 1980, a year after Tokarczuk’s literary debut. The Blake of Tokarczuk’s novel Drive Your Plow over the Bones of the Dead is part of a fictional world, a curious addition to the story: Agnieszka Holland’s film Spoor, adapted from the book and cowritten by the novelist, eliminates the Blake references without much (or perhaps any) loss to the plot. Conversely, the Blake of Miłosz’s Ziemia Ulro, initially published in 1977 (a round anniversary of Blake’s birth and death), is a vital part of life. I will first recall a few relevant details from Miłosz’s bi(bli)ography, then reflect on the character and quality of his tribute to William Blake. Unlike my chapter for The Reception of William Blake in Europe, whose profile dictated the method (that is, an overview) and the narrow focus on the role Miłosz’s book played in the history of the reception of Blake in Poland, I will engage here more intensively with Ziemia Ulro and, by doing so, postulate a much more extensive appeal of Miłosz’s work. In particular, I will be pointing to the importance and value of this book—​translated into English by Louis Iribarne as The Land of Ulro—​for international Blake circles.
Portuguese Readings of William Blake: Fernando Pessoa, a National Poet, and Três Tristes Tigres, a Pop-Rock Band
Authors: Sousa Alcinda Pinheiro de , Souza Cláudia Franco , Callixto João Carlos
Published: December 2022

In a post published 1 April 2020 on his personal blog, John McGowan declared that “[a] student learns how to ‘do’ close reading by immersion in various examples of the practice, not by learning a set of rules or ‘a’ method.” In the present case, we are indeed bringing to the fore two radically different, although both inspired and inspiring, examples of readings of William Blake’s poetry and poetic principles, one by Fernando Pessoa and the other by Três Tristes Tigres (Three Sad Tigers). Pessoa (1888–​1935) is the modernist writer now acclaimed, in both elite and popular cultural circles, as Portugal’s twentieth-century national poet; aware of Blake since at least 1903–​04, he openly acknowledged his influence c. 1915: “In my intellectual ancestry I find Blake and Walt Whitman.” Três Tristes Tigres is a Portuguese pop-rock band from the 1990s, currently comprising the singer Ana Deus, the guitar player Alexandre Soares, and the poet Regina Guimarães; almost twenty years after their first albums (1993–​98), the group released Mínima Luz (Minimum Light, 2020), which includes the track “Tigre,” the first musical adaptation of a poem by Blake to be sung in a Portuguese translation.
“Blake was a phenomenon”: Artistic, Domestic, and Blakean Visions in Joseph Paul Hodin’s Writing on Else and Ludwig Meidner
Authors: Erle Sibylle
Published: December 2022

When Ludwig Meidner (1884–​1966), the German-Jewish expressionist painter, printmaker, and writer, returned to Germany in 1953, he took what he could carry: personal belongings, books, and images, his prints, drawings, paintings, and watercolors. Refugees face difficult choices; they can take only what is absolutely necessary. Meidner never adjusted during the fourteen years of exile and there is a sense that he wanted to eradicate all that reminded him of London—​except for Blake. Thomas Grochowiak, who first noted the significance of Meidner’s encounter with “the painter, poet, mystic William Blake” (“Maler-Dichter-Mystikers William Blake”), suggests that he identified with Blake’s adverse living conditions and artistic neglect, and argues that the occult aspects and especially the Visionary Heads interested him: “For him the preoccupation with Old Testament figures and prophets, with mystical philosophers or religious ecstatics, was just as natural as the everyday, familiar dealings with ghosts.” Meidner took not only John Piper’s British Romantic Artists (1942) and Ruthven Todd’s edition of Alexander Gilchrist’s Life of Blake (1942), but also reproductions of William Blake by Thomas Phillips, the large color print God Judging Adam (then known as Elijah About to Ascend in the Chariot of Fire), and James Deville’s life mask. These images were part of a selection that were to adorn his studio in Marxheim (1955–​63), where he shared his art with a small number of visitors who came to pay tribute to the old master of German expressionism.
Blake and Music, 2021
Authors: Oliveira Camila , Whittaker Jason
Published: December 2022

Last year’s introduction observed that the global pandemic had seen the flourishing of streaming settings of Blake’s works, particularly for individual artists who clearly turned to music as a creative release from the stresses caused by COVID. Indeed, the list for 2020 recorded more new releases than that for 2019, but, by concentrating on the services provided by Amazon, Apple, and Spotify, it did not account for a wealth of independent productions that were released on Bandcamp and SoundCloud. As such, half of this year’s list consists of tracks and albums from 2020, thanks to the research of Camila Oliveira. In future, we shall include more independent artists, many of whom embody Blake’s creative ethos more thoroughly than established musicians and songwriters.
Marsha Keith Schuchard, A Concatenation of Conspiracies: “Irish” William Blake and Illuminist Freemasonry in 1798
Authors: McQuail Josephine A.
Published: December 2022

This readable and compelling study, focusing on the tempestuous 1790s in England, Ireland, Scotland, and Europe and the culmination of events in the Irish uprising of 1798, yields important new insights on Blake and his historical context. Schuchard’s research in Moravian archives in 2001 (Davies, “William Blake in Contexts” 4) (with subsequent collaboration with Keri Davies) resulted in the announcement in 2004 in these pages of her startling discovery that Blake’s mother had attended the Moravian Church, and that the church took a decided interest in—​as it did with all church members—​Catherine Wright’s marriage to her first husband, Thomas Armitage. This, along with Schuchard’s further research on Blake and Moravianism and other sects in William Blake’s Sexual Path to Spiritual Vision, was sparked by the revelations in E. P. Thompson’s Witness against the Beast (120-21) and subsequently in Davies’s “William Blake’s Mother: A New Identification” about that first marriage. A Concatenation of Conspiracies expands upon this groundbreaking work.
Gerald E. Bentley, Jr., William Blake’s Conversations: A Compilation, Concordance, and Rhetorical Analysis
Authors: Gourlay Alexander S.
Published: December 2022

Most of the primary material in William Blake’s Conversations will be familiar to those who have studied Gerald E. Bentley’s two editions of Blake Records, Blake Records Supplement, and his 2001 biography, The Stranger from Paradise, but the scholarly alchemy effected by distilling reports of Blake’s spoken words into a compact volume and adding an array of related tools has created something rich, strange, and likely to prove enduringly useful. Because many of the reports come to us from within a generation or two after Blake’s death, they are strongly colored by the late Georgian/early Victorian conception of him: these Blakeish words often seem to reflect the minds of the reporters as much as they reveal the mind of Blake, and as the intervening years and layers of reportage multiply, the share of credible Blake content diminishes. A snippet of Blake’s conversation that was worth retelling or recording is likely to have been one that conformed to, or at least resonated with, the other stories about Blake in circulation at the time. Gathered together in largely unmediated form, these reports constitute a portrait of a fellow we might call Anecdotal Blake, a somewhat different being from the persona we moderns know through his works in ink and paint, Autographic Blake. Ironically, Autographic Blake was not very well known to some of the original constructors of Anecdotal Blake—even to ones who knew Flesh and Blood Blake himself. Those modern readers who are thoroughly acquainted with Autographic Blake may find the shimmery Anecdotal Blake who rises in these pages to be an uncanny and alien creature, but it is intriguing to hear his voice, and like any chatty ghost he may have things to tell us beyond the grave.
BROAD PHASE RESPONSE UNIT CELL AND HIGH GAIN REFLECARRAY ANTENNA DESIGN WITH CIRCLE-MINKOWSKI STRUCTURES
Authors: URUL Bülent
Published: December 2022

In this study, it is aimed to increase the phase responses of the obtained unit cells by using the fractal structures nested together. Then, the effect of these obtained broad phase-response unit cells on the antenna gain is examined by using them as reflective elements on the reflect array antenna. For this purpose, 3 different structures are designed: the circle, the Minkowski used in the circle, and the unit cells obtained by rotating the Minkowski structure in the circle. The phase response of the first designed circle structure could not meet the phase requirement for a whole band, and a phase response of 280 degree is obtained. Then, in the second stage, the Minkowski structure is designed in the designed circle, and a phase response of 329 degree is obtained in this structure. Finally, a structure sufficient for the entire phase response is obtained by rotating the Minkowski structure in the circle between 0-30 degree. A unit cell with a wide phase response and a 11.7 dBi horn antenna and reflect array antenna are designed. The gain of the designed reflect array antenna has increased by 91% compared to the horn antenna and has been obtained as 22.4 dBi. With this result, it has been revealed that the phase response can be increased by using fractal structures together and especially by rotating the structures, and with this method, high-gain reflect array antennas with broadband phase response can be designed.
Yeşil Mutabakat: Tarihçe ve akademik araştırmaların incelenmesi
Authors: AYDINOĞLU Arsev Umur , ÖZDEMİR Bahar Esen
Published: December 2022

Aralık 2019'da Avrupa Komisyonu tarafından yayınlanan Avrupa Yeşil Mutabakatı, 2050 yılı itibariyle Avrupa’yı net sıfır karbon salımı bölgesi haline getirmeyi hedeflemektedir. Türkiye'nin de dahil olduğu Mutabakat, yalnızca bir iklim eylem planı değil; temiz ve güvenli enerji temini, döngüsel ekonomi, akıllı şehirler, yeşil finansman, karbon vergisi ve yeni işler yaratmak gibi konuları içeren kapsamlı bir ekonomi planıdır. Mutabakat’a uyum sürecinde akademik çalışmaların önemli girdi sağlaması beklenmektir. Bu çalışma, Avrupa Yeşil Mutabakatı ile ilgili akademik çalışmaların bibliyometrik analizinden oluşmaktadır. Bu amaçla Web of Science veri tabanında Mutabakatla ilgili 432 akademik yayın analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, Mutabakatın çokdisiplinli bir perspektiften incelendiğini göstermektedir. Yayınlar sadece çevre bilimleri dergilerinde değil, ayrıca enerji, kimya mühendisliği, iktisat, hukuk, işletme ve mühendislik dergilerinde de yer almaktadır. Anahtar kelime ağı da enerji, sürdürülebilirlik, yenilebilir enerji kaynakları, politika, atık yönetimi ve iklim değişikliği başlıklarına sahip altı kümeden oluşmaktadır. Yayınların büyük bir kısmı Avrupa ülkelerindeki araştırmacılar tarafından üretilmekle birlikte, ABD, Çin ve Kanada’dan araştırmacıların da konuya eğildiği gözlenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuç bölümü, mültisektörel ve disiplinlerarası bir konu olduğu ortaya konulan Yeşil Mutabakat konusunda Türkiye’nin ivedilikle yapması gerekenleri içermektedir.
Avrupa Birliği’nin yeni yumuşak güç unsuru: Dijital diplomasi
Authors: AYDIN HALİSOĞLU Tuğba
Published: December 2022

Yumuşak güç, devletlerarası ilişkilerde öne çıkan kavramlardan biridir. Küreselleşmenin de etkisi ile birlikte diğer toplumları dil, kültür ve insani yardımlar gibi sosyal ve insani alanlarda etkilemek ve kontrol etmek için ele alınan politik algı araçlarından en önemlisidir. Küreselleşme sürecine katkı veren ve süreci dönüştüren dijitalleşme ise diplomasiden ekonomiye toplumsal hayatın her katmanında hızlı bir şekilde yer edinmektedir. Bu bağlamda dijital diplomasi, yumuşak gücün dijital alana taşınması bağlamında kendini göstermekte; dijital alandaki güç ilişkilerinin ve dengenin yeniden tasarlanmasını gerektirmektedir. Avrupa Birliği, küresel değişim ve dönüşümlere hızlı ayak uydurabilme özelliği ile dijitalleşme sürecinde etkin bir şekilde yerini almıştır. Bu bağlamda dijital diplomasi, Avrupa Birliği’nin hızla düzenlediği ve dijital geleceğini planladığı alanlardan biridir. Avrupa Birliği’ne üye devletler arasında, komşu ülkelerle ve uluslararası örgütlerle politika geliştirme bağlamında Dijital Avrupa kavramı sıklıkla dile getirilmekte ve dijital diplomasi etkin bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, uluslararası alanda dijital hakimiyeti pekiştirme sürecinde dijital diplomasinin bir yumuşak güç unsuru olarak kullandığı iddiasını Avrupa Birliği örneğinde değerlendirmektir. Bu değerlendirmede Avrupa Birliği tarafından sunulan resmi dokümanlar incelenerek, literatürle birlikte içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılacaktır. Bu çalışmanın uluslararası ilişkiler ve siyaset bilimi yazınında sıklıkla tartışılan dijitalleşme sürecine, Avrupa Birliği perspektifinden güç ve diplomasi boyutu ile katkı vermesi amaçlanmaktadır.
Early Ambulation : An Ugly Phrase for a Beautiful Idea
Authors: Sunil D Phanase
Published: December 2022

The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of scheduled ambulation of selected post-operative outcomes between control and experimental groups in two hospitals of Bangalore; scores of post-operative outcomes of the two groups were also associated with demographic variables. The sample of 60 major abdominal surgery patients admitted in two hospitals was subjected to a rating scale of 14 demographic items and 35 items on parameters of post-operative outcomes like pain, fatigue, urine retention etc. The results showed that scheduled ambulation was effective in reducing the severity of selected post-operative outcomes.