bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabriquer de la politique
Authors: Riffault Tristan
Published: April 2019

Si le discours politique a été l’objet de nombreuses recherches en sciences sociales, très peu de travaux se sont en revanche attardés sur la question de sa fabrication concrète. C’est cette dernière dimension qu’on entend explorer ici, en décrivant la manière dont ont été produits des documents politiques ordinaires (tracts, programme, site internet, discours...) lors d’une campagne électorale pour les élections municipales de 2014. Les matériaux utilisés sont tirés de la pratique effective de l’activité de conseiller en communication, durant neuf mois, auprès d’un candidat de l’opposition et de son équipe militante. Cette immersion dans la fabrique de la politique permet de rendre compte, dans toute leur matérialité, des divers processus socio-techniques de confection du discours électoral, des premières ébauches jusqu’aux publications et diffusions finales. L’objectif de cet article est dès lors d’envisager le politique comme un régime d’énonciation spécifique, non réductible à d’autres registres, afin d’en cerner les traits saillants, les ingrédients distinctifs et les conditions de félicité particulières.
Les plateformes de co-innovation
Authors: Gayoso Émile
Published: April 2019

Les plateformes de co-innovation sont des dispositifs en ligne que les grandes entreprises ont commencé à développer au milieu de la décennie 2000, dans le sillage du Web 2.0, afin d’intégrer les consommateurs au processus d’innovation. Présentés comme de nouveaux espaces ouverts et collaboratifs, entièrement dédiés à la créativité des internautes, nous montrons que leur essor doit aussi à d’autres enjeux que ceux de la co-conception de nouveaux produits et services. Notre analyse du cadre de référence sociotechnique de ces plateformes révèle que le management par le client, la captation de clientèle et la connaissance du marché en sont aussi des composantes fondamentales.
Les drones « MALE » en France : intermédiaires ou médiateurs ?
Authors: Younsi Antoine
Published: April 2019

Tandis que les drones aériens commencent à s’imposer en France tant dans l’arsenal militaire que dans les débats publics, cet article démontre l’aptitude de la sociologie à étudier la diffusion d’un outil technique de guerre. Contrairement aux approches essentialistes de la technique qui postulent une évolution autonome de la technologie, l’analyse proposée considère à la fois que l’innovation résulte de l’association et du travail de « cadrage » des acteurs, et qu’en retour l’objet technique a des effets de médiation sur ce qui l’entoure. En s’appuyant sur l’étude des réflexions militaires dans la presse spécialisée, l’article montre qu’en dépit des « bonnes raisons » qu’ont les entrepreneurs du drone de le définir comme un moyen neutre et maîtrisé, ce dernier gagne à être étudié au prisme du concept de « médiateur ». On entend par là que l’objet technique est actif et, dans notre cas, il reconfigure l’organisation militaire française, autorise de nouvelles façons de penser et de faire la guerre, et enfin induit un tout autre rapport à l’ennemi.
La mise en œuvre du dispositif de croyance dans la production télévisuelle des mythes
Authors: Nguyen-Pochan Thi Thanh Phuong
Published: April 2019

Cet article analyse le mode de production du sens spécifique du JT de la télévision vietnamienne dans la perspective sémio-pragmatique. Par le biais des images télévisées d’actualité, nous examinons l’émergence des mythes essentialistes dans l’information de la télévision nationale. Les mythes, moteurs de la formation symbolique et spirituelle, ne constituent pas seulement des contenus distincts, mais aussi le modèle générateur du sens permettant d’examiner le vécu mythique en fonction des différents « régimes de croyance » (Veyne, 1983). Bien que le discours informatif reste prisonnier de l’univers de la propagande communiste orthodoxe, la production télévisuelle des mythes nous révèle, dans le contexte actuel, un glissement progressif de celui-ci vers l’univers du mythe national.
Les biens culturels « d’occasion » : des marchés en mutation
Authors: Farchy Joëlle , Jutant Camille
Published: April 2019

Le développement des marchés de l’occasion dans le domaine culturel pose des questions toutes particulières compte tenu de l’ampleur des phénomènes de dématérialisation auxquels sont confrontés les industries concernées. Après avoir posé les principales caractéristiques du marché de l’occasion des biens culturels qui est pour l’heure, essentiellement un marché consacré aux biens physiques, nous analysons, à partir d’une revue de littérature, les articulations possibles entre marché du neuf et de l’occasion. Le contexte juridico - économique actuel conduit dans un second temps à s’interroger sur l’opportunité de l’ouverture d’un marché de la revente numérique compte tenu des caractéristiques spécifiques des biens dématérialisés. Si la notion « d’occasion » semble peu adaptée, à l’ère numérique, la question de la revente permet d’anticiper une transformation des attentes afin de répondre à la fois aux goûts et aux dispositions à payer de chacun, aux particularités de chaque secteur, ainsi qu’aux spécificités des biens dématérialisés. Les usagers deviennent demandeurs de fonctionnalités et de services variés dont la revente pourrait faire partie.
Une critique immanente de la communication sociale
Authors: Voirol Olivier
Published: April 2019

Dès ses premiers écrits, Axel Honneth a situé ses travaux dans le cadre d’une reconstruction des contenus moraux de l’expérience négative et des potentiels de conflictualité ancrés dans cette dernière. Ce projet a pris la forme d’une théorie des luttes pour la reconnaissance qui, sans porter sur l’espace public, s’avère fertile pour mener une critique immanente de la communication sociale. La mise au jour critique des formes de mépris, d’invisibilité et de réification s’opère ainsi à partir des exigences de reconnaissance contenues en creux dans les processus communicationnels. Au vu de ces potentialités, le programme de « reconstruction normative » réalise ces ambitions tout en opérant d’importants infléchissements.
Les manifestations de l’estime et du mépris dans les jeux de rôle en ligne
Authors: Rueff Julien
Published: April 2019

Cet article souhaite démontrer la fécondité de la théorie honnethienne de la reconnaissance en recourant aux résultats partiels d’une étude empirique sur les jeux de rôle en ligne. Bien que ces espaces médiatiques puissent apparaître, de prime abord, étrangers aux phénomènes de (dé)valorisation sociale, nous souhaitons insister sur les potentialités analytiques de cette philosophie sociale pour appréhender les dimensions symboliques et morales des interactions médiatisées des joueurs. Nous montrons notamment comment la pensée d’Axel Honneth nous a amenés à prêter attention aux manifestations d’estime et de mépris dans ce monde synthétique.
Les contradictions paradoxales de l’expressivité numérique
Authors: Guéguen Haud
Published: April 2019

Cet article se propose de montrer que la catégorie honnethienne de « paradoxes de la modernisation capitaliste », telle qu’elle se trouve en particulier analysée dans la sphère de l’« individualisme qualitatif », offre des ressources précieuses pour l’étude des environnements sociaux numériques. Permettant de rendre compte de la dimension d’« expressivité » qui définit les interactions en ligne tout en la réinscrivant dans la perspective historique de l’évolution des sociétés capitalistes, cette catégorie ouvre des pistes qui invitent à sortir l’analyse des rapports de reconnaissance de leur cadre strictement intersubjectif, représentant ainsi un important vecteur d’élargissement de la théorie de la reconnaissance.
Multiactivité et multimodalité dans les réunions à distance
Authors: Veyrier Clair-Antoine
Published: April 2019

Cet article interroge l’organisation séquentielle et les cadres de participation dans des réunions à distance professionnelle mobilisant plusieurs régimes sémiotiques (écrit et oral) voire des outils de communication hétérogènes (webconférence et la messagerie instantanée externe). La webconférence est une forme d’audioconférence augmentée par des fonctionnalités Web tels que le partage de documents ou le chat. Les participants ont la possibilité d’interagir avec les participants à l’oral ou à l’écrit en utilisant un chat intégré au dispositif. Nous analyserons les cadres de participations produits par le chat et la messagerie instantanée (MI) dans l’activité de réunion par webconférence et l’insertion de ces messages dans l’organisation séquentielle de la réunion.
« Apparitions », multiples salutations et « coucou »
Authors: Licoppe Christian
Published: April 2019

Cet article analyse l’organisation des ouvertures de conversation téléphoniques Skype. Par-delà leur apparente variabilité et complexité, il montre que celles-ci exhibent une forme d’organisation séquentielle, fondée sur des attentes normatives concernant le traitement par les participants de leurs apparitions mutuelles (entendues comme des transitions reconnaissables dans les capacités d’interaction disponibles à un moment donné de l’ouverture), et centrée du point de vue séquentiel autour de la paire adjacente’apparition/salutation’. On montre comment cette perspective analytique est à la fois pertinente pour comprendre les ouvertures d’interaction en général, et féconde pour rendre compte tout particulièrement de la complexité des ouvertures de conversation par Skype, et de la présence dans celles-ci a) de séquences de « multiples salutations » et b) de certains types de salutations qui indexent réflexivement des transitions dans les modalités de la présence mutuelle, comme l’expression française « coucou ». Les participants gèrent ainsi les problèmes rencontrés au cours de l’ouverture de la conversation visiophonique de sorte que celle-ci peut ressembler à une sorte de chorégraphie de multiples apparitions et salutations.
Faire apparaître un tiers à l’écran en visiocommunication
Authors: Veyrier Clair-Antoine , Licoppe Christian
Published: April 2019

Les tribunaux mobilisent aujourd’hui de plus en plus des technologies de la communication pour permettre par exemple à un prévenu ou un témoin de comparaître à distance. Dans les vidéo-audiences au tribunal, l’image produite à l’ouverture ne correspond pas nécessairement au cadre de participation attendu pour l’activité, par exemple en ce qu’elle ne montre pas des participants appelés à jouer un rôle central dans l’audience, comme l’avocat. L’article analyse les trajectoires séquentielles pour « faire apparaître » par différents procédés (dire le cadre participatif ou montrer à l’image) les participants pertinents non visibles à l’écran, en montrant les tensions entre les implications séquentielles d’une apparition vis-à-vis de la progression de l’activité judiciaire.
Rebattre les cartes
Authors: Lévy Jacques , Maitre Ogier , Romany Thibault
Published: April 2019

Les cartes sont concernées par le couple topologie/topographie dans leur rapport de représentation comme dans leur capacité à produire leur propre espace. Une dissonance apparaît alors : les espaces de l’humanité sont d’abord réticulaires et topologiques tandis que les cartes les plus courantes sont surtout territoriales et topographiques. Pourquoi ? Nous commençons par montrer l’importance des réseaux, et plus particulièrement des rhizomes dans l’agir spatial. Puis, face à ce qui apparaît comme un long déni de la cartographie européenne, nous présentons des généalogies alternatives : cette histoire n’était pas la seule possible. Enfin, par le cartogramme et la « post-projection », nous explorons des options de sémiologie cartographique propres à tirer un meilleur parti des langages disponibles et à fabriquer des espaces qui résonnent davantage avec les spatialités contemporaines.
Zoomer n’est pas explorer
Authors: Boullier Dominique , Crépel Maxime , Jacomy Mathieu
Published: April 2019

A partir du cas du web du livre en France, cet article interroge la notion de zoom dans l’exploration visuelle de réseaux. En soumettant un graphe à des questionnements et traitements successifs, il devient possible de comprendre ce qui apparaît comme une anomalie pour le chercheur, un entrelacement sur le plan visuel de deux communautés pourtant distinctes du point de vue des catégories et de l’algorithme de modularité. En appliquant ces différentes épreuves au graphe apparaît la variété des algorithmes de spatialisation et de clusterisation, les limites des notions de zoom, de découpage et d’exploration des réseaux, toutes métaphores spatiales peu pertinentes. Cette démarche plaide pour des conventions d’exploration qui assurent la robustesse de l’exploitation de ce type de données.
Le déplacement de l’incertitude au cœur de la (re)configuration d’une filière
Authors: Levoin Xavier , Louessard Bastien
Published: April 2019

Cet article, fondé sur deux campagnes d’entretiens menées auprès de youtubeurs de fiction francophones, s’intéresse à l’univers de création qui se développe sur et autour de la plateforme YouTube. Il montre comment les relations d’interdépendance entre acteurs prennent ici des formes particulières. Ces dernières constituent pour ces créateurs des tentatives de gérer à leur avantage les risques inhérents à l’incertitude qui prévaut dans la création artistique en général, et sur YouTube en particulier. Par rapport au fonctionnement de la filière audiovisuelle, avec laquelle YouTube entretient des relations étroites, on assiste en effet à un transfert de la gestion des risques vers l’amont. En découlent des stratégies et des manières de mobiliser les réseaux qui tendent à faire du youtubeur une « micro-organisation » ou un travailleur indépendant devant gérer un portefeuille d’activité.
Impacts of Conflict-Induced Migration in a Globalized Post-Colonial Nigeria
Authors: Idoko Festus Ogu
Published: April 2019

The tonic for society's development from time immemorial has been sociality. As society evolved, men and women inevitably enter into relationships independent and indispensable to their needs. More often than not this relationship is fueled by culture, tradition, history, as well as economic considerations. Thus, the problem this chapter grapples with (in the drama of J. P. Clark) is the causative factors of the migration coupled with the social and economic impacts thereof. This discourse further examines the intrigues of equality and the resultant conflict that induced the migration of the wives in protest as well as the implications for the larger society. The findings include the fact that the consequences of such conflict induced migration are as dire as what induced it in the first instance. In conclusion, the discourse recommends that that there is the urgent need to address conflict-induced migration in vulnerable societies before they snowball into issues of migration.
Anomaly Detection Using Deep Learning With Modular Networks
Authors: Manu C.  , Vijaya Kumar B. P.  , Naresh E.
Published: April 2019

In daily realistic activities, security is one of the main criteria among the different machines like IOT devices, networks. In these systems, anomaly detection is one of the issues. Anomaly detection based on user behavior is very essential to secure the machines from the unauthorized activities by anomaly user. Techniques used for an anomaly detection is to learn the daily realistic activities of the user, and later it proactively detects the anomalous situation and unusual activities. In the IOT-related systems, the detection of such anomalous situations can be fine-tuned with minor and major erroneous conditions to the machine learning algorithms that learn the activities of a user. In this chapter, neural networks, with multiple hidden layers to detect the different situation by creating an environment with random anomalous activities to the machine, are proposed. Using deep learning for anomaly detection would help in enhancing the accuracy and speed.
Solar Refrigeration for Post-Harvest Storage of Agricultural Products
Authors: Bergander Marek J. , Kapayeva Sarken D.
Published: April 2019

The main objective of this chapter is the demonstration of the entire development process leading to prototype fabrication and commercialization of a new, ejector-based system for refrigeration that is environmentally clean and is powered by low quality heat, either solar or waste, without any need for electricity. In many rural areas throughout the world, the availability of fresh food is limited by lack of refrigerated warehousing facilities often due to limited access to electrical power. Authors are describing a new, ejector-based refrigeration system that 1) utilizes solar or waste heat (below 100°C temperature) as a main source of energy; 2) eliminates the mechanical compressor, which is a main user of electricity and the main contributor to maintenance and reliability issues in cooling systems; and 3) operates without any ozone depletion effects and any greenhouse gas emissions, when used with natural refrigerants. Such a technique contributes to protection of the ecosystem, conservation of energy, and broad application of alternative energy sources.
Technologies for Monitoring the Safety of Perishable Food Products
Authors: Gaspar Pedro Dinis , da Silva Pedro Dinho , Andrade Luís Pinto , Nunes José , Santo Christophe Espírito
Published: April 2019

Food safety and eradication of food waste are current concerns of society and governments due to health, ethics, and sustainable economics. There are multiple technologies for monitoring food safety at different chain stages, among them, time-temperature integrators (TTI). Temperature is a major factor affecting food quality and safety during its life cycle. This parameter can be monitored using TTI devices on food packages, allowing users to know the thermal exposure. This chapter addresses food safety issues, namely factors related to microbial growth responsible for food deterioration. Moreover, TTI monitoring technologies are also described, focusing on features, advantages, disadvantages, applicability, and product examples. Analysis of the current state of TTI and technological evolution, a prediction is provided for future TTI devices designed for more assertive, traceable, safe, and quality food products.
GeoHAB, a Data Sharing, Spatial Web 2.0 Application for Habitat Types and Land Cover
Authors: Panitsidis Konstandinos , Andreopoulou Zacharoula , Misso Rosa
Published: April 2019

This article, which is based on the science of informatics and environmental technologies, deals with the implementation of informatics in environmental science and practice. It focuses on web-based GIS spatial data sharing application system design and its development, which records and represents specific environmental information with emphasis on habitats and land cover. The system development was made by using JavaScript, PHP as programming languages and Google Maps API. The application provides centralized environmental information with habitats and land cover. It addresses ordinary users and scientists, that not only have the willing to expand their knowledge in the field but also they have the privilege to explore the research area over the map. The users can render the overlay information of spatial habitat and land cover data layers, execute zooming, panning, and information querying functions. Its aim is to offer, to any interested citizen, scientist or organization, direct and reliable environmental information.
CloudIoT
Authors: Shah Junaid Latief , Bhat Heena Farooq , Khan Asif Iqbal
Published: April 2019

The Internet of Things (IoT) is seen as a novel paradigm enabling ubiquitous and pervasive communication of objects with each other and with the physical/virtual world via internet. With the exponential rise of sensor and RFID-based communication, much data is getting generated; which becomes arduous to manage given the constrained power and computation of low-powered devices. To resolve this issue, the integration of Cloud and IoT, also known as CloudIoT, is seen as panacea to create more heterogeneous smart services and handle increasing data demands. In this article, the authors examine and survey literature with a focus on the integration components of CloudIoT and present diverse applications including driving factors for CloudIoT integration. The article also identifies security vulnerabilities implied by the integration of Cloud and IoT and outlines some suggested measures to mitigate the challenge. Finally, the article presents some open issues and challenges providing potential directions for future research in this area.
Cloud-ElGamal and Fast Cloud-RSA Homomorphic Schemes for Protecting Data Confidentiality in Cloud Computing
Authors: El Makkaoui Khalid , Beni-Hssane Abderrahim , Ezzati Abdellah
Published: April 2019

Homomorphic encryption (HE) is an encryption form that offers a third-party with the ability to carry out computations on encrypted data. This property can be considered as a great solution to get over some obstacles limiting the wide-spread adoption of cloud computing (CC) services. Since CC environments are threatened by insider/outsider security attacks and since CC consumers often access to CC services using resource-limited devices, the HE schemes need to be promoted at security level and at running time to work effectively. For this reason, at EMENA-TSSL'16 and at WINCOM'16, the authors respectively boosted the RSA and ElGamal cryptosystems at security level, Cloud-RSA and Cloud-ElGamal. At SCAMS'17 and at EUSPN'17, the authors then suggested two fast variants of the Cloud-RSA scheme. All proposed schemes support the multiplicative homomorphism (MH) over the integers. The aim of this article is to compare the Cloud-ElGamal scheme with the Cloud-RSA schemes. This article first briefly presents the HE schemes and analyzes their security. This article then implements the schemes, compare and discuss their efficiency.
Digital Divide
Authors: Rai Alka
Published: April 2019

Technological advancement and rapid expansion of internet services have resulted in making people digitally literate. This paper attempts to take an in-depth look at the data of internet users in South Asia with a precise focus on gender perspective. South Asian communities enjoy relishing modern technologies with traditional socio-cultural practices; in some sections, women still do not get equal status and rarely participate in the decision-making processes even at the household level. Therefore, it would be noteworthy to identify whether technological expansion has helped in minimising the existing gender gap in the region or it has worked adversely! This paper is based on the secondary data and relevant literature available in the public domain. Data of the five South Asian countries—Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka—have been analyzed here. The paper has reflected the existing scenario and emerging trends in the current digital world..
Impact of Electronic Information Resources on the Mindset of Researchers
Authors: Bhat Nazir Ahmad
Published: April 2019

The main purpose of the study in hand was to assess the impact of advent of electronic information resources on some core aspects related to the research activity across agricultural libraries of Northern India. Six aspects have been covered in this study. Seven sampled universities were surveyed personally by the investigator for collecting data about the questions under investigation. A questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. Filled out questionnaires from 1,200 respondents were collected and processed with the help of SPSS statistical package. The response of the users for each statement under investigation has been collected through a simple ‘Yes'/‘No' option. Chi squared test has been administered to work out the significance of association between the parameters under study and the user opinion thereof. The majority of respondents are of the opinion that due to advent of e-resources and in view of the ICT developments the ‘literature survey' (92.94%) and ‘problem identification' (51.81%) has become easy and fast. The ‘spirit to conduct more and more research' has increased among respondents (86.62%). Moreover, this has also enabled the users to ‘complete' (84.31%) and ‘publish' (89.97%) their research work in a lesser time than required in print era. A good percentage of respondents (46.26%) also agree that the ‘cross comparison of findings of one's study with those of other studies has become easy and fast' (46.26%) in electronic era.
Design and Development of Framework for Platform Level Issues in Fog Computing
Authors: Bhavsar Sejal Atit , Modi Kirit J
Published: April 2019

Fog computing is a paradigm that extends cloud computing services to the edge of the network. Fog computing provides data, storage, compute and application services to end users. The distinguishing characteristics of fog computing are its proximity to the end users. The application services are hosted on network edges like on routers, switches, etc. The goal of fog computing is to improve the efficiency and reduce the amount of data that needs to be transported to cloud for analysis, processing and storage. Due to heterogeneous characteristics of fog computing, there are some issues, i.e. security, fault tolerance, resource scheduling and allocation. To better understand fault tolerance, we highlighted the basic concepts of fault tolerance by understanding different fault tolerance techniques i.e. Reactive, Proactive and the hybrid. In addition to the fault tolerance, how to balance resource utilization and security in fog computing are also discussed here. Furthermore, to overcome platform level issues of fog computing, Hybrid fault tolerance model using resource management and security is presented by us.
Compact, Wide-Angle Catadioptric Telescope Design for MWIR Imaging
Authors: Alaruri Sami D
Published: April 2019

In this work, the optical design of a compact diffraction-limited F/3.0 MWIR (3-5 µm) catadioptric telescope which consists of an aspheric primary mirror, a spherical secondary mirror, a ZnSe-ZnSe-Ge triplet lens and an air-spaced Si-Ge-Si corrector triplet lens placed before the focus is given. The calculated effective focal length, full field of view (FFOV) and angular magnification values for the designed telescope are 600 mm, 2.6° and -9.2, respectively. Zemax® calculations for the telescope MTF (modulation transfer function), PSF (point spread function), RMS (root-mean-square) wavefront error (WFE), optical path difference (OPD), Seidel aberrations, encircled energy, distortion and field curvature are discussed. The telescope performance analysis indicates that the telescope can achieve diffraction-limited image quality performance within the 2.6° full field-of-view. Additionally, the designed telescope can resolve at 50% contrast spatial frequency equal to 18.5 cycles/mm (at the on-axis FOV). Finally, a detailed tolerance analysis for the telescope design employing Monte Carlo and sensitivity analysis simulation features in Zemax® is provided.
Mobile Health to Support Ageing in Place
Authors: Rocha Nelson Pacheco , Rodrigues dos Santos Milton , Cerqueira Margarida , Queirós Alexandra
Published: April 2019

The study reported in this article aimed to identify: i) the most relevant application domains of mHealth to support older adults in their domiciles; ii) the most relevant chronic conditions of older adults, whose management is being supported by mHealth; iii) the characteristics, outcomes and impacts of mHealth tools that might support older adults in their domiciles. The method of a systematic review of reviews and meta-analyses was performed based on a search of the literature. The result of a total of 66 reviews and meta-analyses across several chronic diseases were retrieved. These studies compare mHealth interventions with usual care. The conclusion is that mHealth interventions have positive effects on various health related outcomes, but further research is required to allow their incorporation in the clinical practice.
Toward a More Robust Home Automated System
Authors: Aina Segun , Okegbile Samuel Dayo , Oluwaranti Adeniran Ishola , Okoro Oghenerukome Brenda , Obasanya Tayo
Published: April 2019

The work reported in this article developed a home automated system using voice activation. This is with a view to providing users complete control over electrical appliances using simple easy to remember voice commands on an Android mobile device. This work was implemented using the Atmega 328 microcontroller, Relays and a Wi-Fi shield. The human voice is first converted to text using a Natural language processing tool from the Android based application. Thereafter, the text is sent over the internet via the PubNub to the microcontroller. The Atmega 328 microcontroller was programmed on an Arduino using C programming language and the Android based application was developed using Android Software Development Kit. Results obtained from the testing show that the implemented system achieves the mean scores of 8, 7.6, and 7.2 for ease of use, learnability and effectiveness respectively justifying the fact that the system is capable of controlling appliances by changing their state (ON/OFF) from remote a location with a response time within the reasonable limit.
Impact of Metacognition on Clinical Judgment and Competence in Simulation-Based Blended Learning
Authors: Oh Hye-kyung
Published: April 2019

This article used a within-subjects pre- and post-test comparison design to verify the impact of metacognition on clinical judgment and clinical competence in simulations using blended learning for nursing students. The study participants were 56 nursing students in their 4th year of college. The metacognition score of the participants for this study was not statistically significant. The differences in clinical judgment score and clinical competence scores reached statistical significance (t=-13.76, p=<0.001; t==-9.06, p=<0.001). Post-learning, the difference in clinical judgment score among 3 metacognition groups was statistically significant (F=3.76, p=0.029). The differences in clinical competence score among 3 metacognition groups pre- and post-test were statistically significant (F=3.87, p=0.027; F=6.09, p=0.004).
Mechanical Properties and Wear Behavior of Aluminum Grain Refined by Ti and Ti+B
Authors: Mostafa Ahmad Omar
Published: April 2019

Grain refinement, by adding master alloys, is an important industrial process for aluminum casting operations. In this work, microstructure, microhardness, tensile properties, surface roughness and wear behavior of Al and both Al-0.15Ti and Al-0.05Ti-0.01B microalloys were investigated. The addition of Ti and B to pure Al reduced the grain size by 83%. The grain refinement effect was due to the presence of Al3Ti and TiB2 particles, which activated the columnar-to-equiaxed transition and improved both microhardness and tensile properties. The presence of both Al3Ti and TiB2 particles was confirmed using thermodynamic calculations. Average microhardness values increased form 39 HV for pure Al to 95 and 76 HV for Al-Ti and Al-Ti-B microalloys, respectively, by solid solution hardening. The enhanced wear behaviour of Al was due to the coarse-grained structure where the plastic deformation mechanism took place. Whereas, grain pull-out dominated the wear behavior of fine-grained specimens. It was concluded that the material with a smooth surface has high friction coefficient and low wear rate.
The Design of Melting Units for Production of Synthetic Fibrous Materials by Vertical Blowing Method from PET Raw Materials
Authors: Sviatskii Vladislav , Mudriková Andrea , Holubek Radovan , Horník Jakub , Sokolov Mikhail
Published: April 2019

This paper presents the technology of production of synthetic fibrous materials from PET-raw by vertical blowing method. The formation of fibers from the melt of thermoplastics by vertical blowing method is accompanied by complex and specific phenomena, so creation of new progressive technologies, high-performance machines and units for producing such materials is impossible without process modeling, which can significantly reduce the number of natural tests, cost and development time and choose optimal operating modes. The motion of the molten material in the melting unit of the hydrostatic type is determined from the Poiseuille formula. Also in the article proved that the greatest impact on process productivity is made by the melting unit, exactly by outlet radius and the pressure change of compressed air, acting on the molten material surface. The increase in the height of the molten material column in the main cylindrical chamber of melting unit also leads to increase of process productivity.
Analysis of 1.4571 Chrome-Nickel Steel Properties after Cold Forming by Bending
Authors: Stančeková Dana , Michalková Mária , Sapieta Milan , Šajgalík Michal , Janota Miroslav
Published: April 2019

The paper deals with the problems of austenitic chrome-nickel steels and their behavior in plastic deformation processes. These steels cannot be hardened by thermal processes due to a stable austenitic structure, therefore the increase of strength is achieved only by cold forming. The deformation mechanisms of the slip or twinning are activated by the effect of the forming force in the steel. Mainly, there is formed deformation-induced martensite whose structure is different from the martensite created by the heat treatment. As the intensive hardening of austenitic chrome-nickel steels under the effect of plastic deformation is beneficial, it adversely affects the machining of these materials.
The Production-Induced Geomechanical Property Changes during Gas Production from Gas Hydrate Deposits
Authors: Lee Joo Yong , Lee Jong-sub , Cho Gye-Chun , Kwon Tae-Hyuk
Published: April 2019

Gas hydrates are widespread, occurring in both permafrost and deep sea sediments. The large estimated areas of gas hydrate reservoirs suggest that the high potential of gas hydrates as an energy resource if economically viable production methods were developed. The production of natural gas from gas hydrate deposits poses challenges such as assessing hydrate recovery rates from physical properties and geological structure of the hydrate reservoir, securing the economic viability of produced gas from a particular resource, and keeping process safe from geomechanical impacts from hydrate dissociation. During the hydrate dissociation and the subsequent gas production from dissociated gas hydrate, geomechanical property changes due to the sediment deformation, the changes in hydrate saturations, and fine migrations. In this study, extensive laboratory studies have been conducted to quantify these issues and the implications of these changes to the gas production from gas hydrate deposits have been investigated.

Strength, stiffness, permeability changes due to gas hydrate saturations were examined in high-pressure oedometric system and tri-axial system. Fine migrations characteristics and the subsequent property changes were examined with many different experimental systems. The experimental system includes core-flooding system with X-ray CT monitoring, oedometric system, triaxial system, and one-dimensional fine migration experiment system. The sediment used in this study is synthesized gas hydrate-bearing sediments and the mean grain size of the sediments lies in fine sands. Hydrate saturation ranges from 10 to 50%. Fine fraction ranges also from 10 to 50%.

Sediment deformation from compressive stress concentration generally increases stiffness and decreases permeability. Hydrate saturation decrease induced from gas hydrate production generally decrease strength and stiffness and increase permeability. The property changes are not linearly related to gas hydrate saturations and the relations differ depending on the character of deposits. Fine migrations induced by gas hydrate production alter fine contents in producing intervals and also would change geomechanical properties. Moving particles generally concentrates near well-bore but the locus of concentration depends on the character of the producing interval, such as grain size distributions and flow rate. Even a small fraction of fine particles can induce significant changes in physical properties. In fine-concentrated zones, stiffness generally increases and permeability generally decreases.

The quantifications of these phenomena based on the systematic and extensive experimental studies are the essential steps before the development of THM numerical simulation code for gas hydrate production. For near future the quantitative relations in this study will be implemented to THM simulation code for gas hydrate production.
Friend or Foe: The Protective and Pathological Roles of Inducible Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue in Pulmonary Diseases
Authors: Marin Nancy D. , Dunlap Micah D. , Kaushal Deepak , Khader Shabaana A.
Published: April 2019

Inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) is a tertiary lymphoid structure that resembles secondary lymphoid organs. iBALT is induced in the lung in response to Ag exposure. In some cases, such as infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the formation of iBALT structure is indicative of an effective protective immune response. However, with persistent exposure to Ags during chronic inflammation, allergy, or autoimmune diseases, iBALT may be associated with exacerbation of inflammation. iBALT is characterized by well-organized T and B areas enmeshed with conventional dendritic cells, follicular dendritic cells, and stromal cells, usually located surrounding airways or blood vessels. Several of the molecular signals and cellular contributors that mediate formation of iBALT structures have been recently identified. This review will outline the recent findings associated with the formation and maintenance of iBALT and their contributions toward a protective or pathogenic function in pulmonary disease outcome.
Epidemiology of Sudden Death in Organized Youth Sports in the United States, 2007–2015
Authors: Endres Brad D. , Kerr Zachary Y. , Stearns Rebecca L. , Adams William M. , Hosokawa Yuri , Huggins Robert A. , Kucera Kristen L. , Casa Douglas J.
Published: April 2019

Context

Sudden death in sport at the high school and collegiate levels has been described extensively in the literature. However, few epidemiologic data exist on the incidence of sudden death specifically in American youth sport before secondary school athletics.

Objective

To describe the epidemiology of sudden death in organized youth sports in the United States from 2007 through 2015.

Design

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Setting

Organized American youth sports.

Patients or Other Participants

Cases of sudden death that occurred in youth athletes 17 years of age and younger in non-high school organized sports were included.

Data Collection and Analysis

Information on sudden deaths between August 1, 2007, and December 31, 2015, was obtained via LexisNexis and other publicly available news or media reports. Total youth sport participation rates from 2007 to 2015 were provided by the Sport & Fitness Industry Association. Athlete age, sex, sport, level of play, event type, date of death, setting, and official and speculated causes of death were examined. Data are presented as deaths per year, percentage of total sudden deaths, and deaths per 10 million participants.

Results

From 2007 to 2015, 45 sudden deaths were reported in American youth sports. The mean age of patients was 13 ± 2 years. The overall incidence rate was 1.83 deaths/10 million athlete-years. Males experienced a greater number of sudden deaths than females (n = 36/45, 80%). Basketball had the highest number of sudden deaths from 2007 to 2015, with a total of 16 occurrences. The most frequent cause of sudden death was cardiac related (n = 34/45, 76%). Most sudden deaths occurred during practices (n = 32/45, 71%).

Conclusions

Sudden deaths in organized youth sports in the United States from 2007 through 2015 were most often experienced during practices by males, were cardiac related, and occurred while playing basketball. These findings are similar to those in high school and collegiate sports. This study affirms the need for further epidemiologic research into sudden deaths at the organized youth sport level.
Family-based activity settings of children in a low-income African context
Authors: Balton Sadna , Uys Kitty , Alant Erna
Published: April 2019

Background: There has been an overwhelming call to improve the understanding of how children develop within an African context as Euro-American definitions of competence have been uncritically adopted as the norm for children in Africa. The activities that children engage in within the family setting are seen as important to understand how children develop within context. The use of activity settings is closely aligned with a strengths-based perspective of family-centred practice and contributes to improved sustainability of intervention.Objectives: This study that was conducted in Soweto, South Africa, aims to describe activity settings that typically developing young children in low-income African contexts participate in.Method: A descriptive design using structured interviews was utilised to obtain information about activity settings that children aged 3–5 years and 11 months engaged in. Structured interviews with 90 caregivers were conducted.Results: Findings show that children participate in a variety of activities with varied participation levels. The types of activities are dependent on the context and perceptions of caregivers.Conclusion: These findings draw attention to understanding activities that children engage in within the family context.
Гильбертовы операторные системы
Authors: Dosiyev Anar Adiguzel ogly
Published: April 2019

Настоящая заметка посвящена гильбертовым операторным системам, которые являются квантованиями унитальных конусов в гильбертовых пространствах. Один из центральных результатов этой заметки утверждает, что гильбертово операторное пространства Пизье является операторной системой, квантовый конус положительных элементов которой описывается в терминах квантового шара соответствующего сопряженного гильбертова пространства. Наконец, мы получаем решение проблемы Полсена, Тодорова и Томфорда о сепарабельных морфизмах между операторными системами и характеризуем min-max-вполне положительные отображения пространств с единицей архимедова порядка.
Neutralizing Antibodies from Convalescent Chikungunya Virus Patients Can Cross-Neutralize Mayaro and Una Viruses
Authors: Martins Karen A. , Gregory Melissa K. , Valdez Stephanie M. , Sprague Thomas R. , Encinales Liliana , Pacheco Nelly , Cure Carlos , Porras-Ramirez Alexandra , Rico-Mendoza Alejandro , Chang Aileen , Pitt Margaret L. , Nasar Farooq
Published: April 2019

Most alphaviruses are mosquito-borne and can cause severe disease in domesticated animals and humans. The most notable recent outbreak in the Americas was the 2014 chikungunya virus (CHIKV) outbreak affecting millions and producing disease highlighted by rash and arthralgia. Chikungunya virus is a member of the Semliki Forest (SF) serocomplex, and before its arrival in the Americas, two other member of the SF complex, Una (UNAV) and Mayaro (MAYV) viruses, were circulating in Central and South America. This study examined whether antibodies from convalescent CHIKV patients could cross-neutralize UNAV and MAYV. Considerable cross-neutralization of both viruses was observed, suggesting that exposure to CHIKV can produce antibodies that may mitigate infection with UNAV or MAYV. Understanding the impact of CHIKV exposure on population susceptibility to other emerging viruses may help predict outbreaks; moreover, identification of cross-reactive immune responses among alphaviruses may lead to the development of vaccines targeting multiple viruses.
Batendo de frente na escola: uma abordagem antropológica sobre conflitos na escola pública fluminense
Authors: Verissimo Marcos
Published: April 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é descrever e interpretar práticas e representações presentes no cotidiano escolar da rede pública fluminense, com especial atenção aos conflitos entre professores, alunos, direção, funcionários etc. A metodologia utilizada será de feitio qualitativo, a partir de experiência empírica e trabalho de campo, propiciada pelo vínculo do autor como professor da rede estadual de ensino do Rio de Janeiro desde o ano de 2005, lecionando as disciplinas de sociologia e filosofia para o ensino médio na cidade de São Gonçalo (município com mais de um milhão de habitantes, localizado na chamada “região metropolitana” do Rio de Janeiro). Neste contexto, “bater de frente” é uma atitude e uma ideia que constrói identidades e permite ao etnógrafo entender, focado na escola pública, estes processos de construção e subversão de valores e alteridades que afirmam ou contestam estruturações sociais mais amplas.
Swedish Design
Authors: Brunnström Lasse
Published: April 2019

Swedish Design: A History provides a fascinating and comprehensive introduction to the development of design in Sweden from the mid-nineteenth century to the early twenty-first.

Leading design historian Lasse Brunnström traces the move from artisanal crafts production to the mass production and consumption of designed objects, a process by which the role and profile of the designer became increasingly important. His survey, richly illustrated with images of the designed objects discussed, takes in forms of design traditionally associated with Sweden, such as household objects and textiles, while also considering some less-written about genres such as industrial and graphic design. Brunnström questions many established ideas about design in Sweden, notably its aesthetics and its relationship to Sweden's national and political culture. He argues that the history of design in Sweden has been far more complex and less straightforwardly ‘blond’ than hitherto understood.
Changing Things
Authors: Redström Johan , Wiltse Heather
Published: April 2019

Many of the things we now live with do not take a purely physical form. Objects such as smart phones, laptops and wearable fitness trackers are different from our things of the past. These new digital forms are networked, dynamic and contextually configured. They can be changeable and unpredictable, even inscrutable when it comes to understanding what they actually do and whom they really serve.

In this compelling new volume, Johan Redström and Heather Wiltse address critical questions that have assumed a fresh urgency in the context of these rapidly-developing forms. Drawing on critical traditions from a range of disciplines that have been used to understand the nature of things, they develop a new vocabulary and a theoretical approach that allows us to account for and address the multi-faceted, dynamic, constantly evolving forms and functions of contemporary things. In doing so, the book prototypes a new design discourse around everyday things, and describes them as fluid assemblages.

Redström and Wiltse explore how a new theoretical framework could enable a richer understanding of things as fluid and networked, with a case study of the evolution of music players culminating in an in-depth discussion of Spotify. Other contemporary ‘things’ touched on in their analysis include smart phones and watches, as well as digital platforms and applications such as Google, Facebook and Twitter.