bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of the Trade-off between Profitability and Future Increases in Sales on Cost Stickiness: Evidence from Jordan
Authors: Alenezi Mohammad Murdi
Published: April 2020

This study aims at analyzing cost stickiness under the dilemma between current profitability and future sales increase. The study population consisted of all Jordanian industrial companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) during the period (2007-2017). The study sample consisted of (30) industrial companies, were used in the analysis. Panel data regression was used to test the relationship between the variables in the study. Results supported the Anderson et al. (2003) argument in that selling, general and administrative expense for Jordanian industrial firms listed in Amman stock exchange (ASE) follow the sticky cost behaviour, they increased by (0.34%) for 1% increase in sales, however, they didn’t change by any sales decrease. During sales decline results showed that future sales growth did not have a stressing effect on cost stickiness and didn’t drive greater cost stickiness, however, changes in profitability was proved to have a significant positive relation to cost stickiness when sales decrease, meaning that managers apply greater adjustments in SGA (greater cost stickiness) in the case of the attainment of unfavourable changes in profitability. The study recommended a number of recommendations, including Companies should know the factors that affect the cost behavior and take into consideration when analyzing costs and making administrative decisions in companies which will, in turn, improve the process of making administrative decisions and investment decisions.
Analysis of Coordinates Decoupling of Multi-Dimensional Precision Optical Adjusting Frame in Optical Alignment
Authors: Luo Yong
Published: April 2020

Information technology has much promoted the development of optical technology. With the help of computer technology, people can design and manufacture more complex optical systems than before, to obtain ideal imaging quality. The complexity of the optical system brings enormous challenges to optical alignment. Optical system alignment is the crucial link of transforming the excellent optical design into instruments with good performance in reality. Precision alignment of an optical system requires precise adjustment of each component's degree of freedom using a specific adjusting mechanism. Due to the quantification and compensation correction for the coordinates coupling relationship among each dimension adjusting freedom of the adjusting frame can not be carried out. Generally, the coordinates coupling problem is usually ignored in optical system alignment, to cause the optical adjustment error. This paper carries out an analysis for the coupling relationship among each dimension motion freedom of multi-dimensional precision optical adjusting frame in details by mathematical modeling and simulation, the decomposed transformation for each dimension adjusting mount of multi-dimensional precision optical adjusting frame, and the compensation correction for the coordinates coupling among each dimension adjusting mount. The test results show that this method can effectively reduce the difference between the actual mechanical adjusting mount and the expected optical adjusting mount, to achieve more accurate optical adjustment.
Vertical Separation of Transmission Control and Regional Production Efficiency in the Electricity Industry
Authors: Chu Yin
Published: April 2020

This study investigates the divestiture of transmission control from vertically-integrated power producers, aimed to maintain non-discriminatory access of the transmission network. I ask whether the vertical separation is sufficient to enhance how efficiently production is allocated among generators (i.e., regional production efficiency). Using a difference-in-difference strategy, I compare the treated region, Southwest Power Pool (SPP), with a control region, where no restructuring activities were implemented. Based on robust empirical results, I fail to find significant market wide evidence of improvement in regional production efficiency associated with the vertical separation of transmission control. However, looking into subgroups of generators, I find mixed evidence of cost savings via reallocation of production resources: (1) coal units are dispatched more efficiently after the restructuring; (2) this is not true for two types of gas units with different combustion technologies and cost efficiency.
Patient-cost survey for tuberculosis in the context of patient-pathway modelling
Authors: Tomeny E. M. , Mendoza V. L. , Marcelo D. B. , Barrameda A. J. D. , Langley I. , Abong J. M. , Dalay V. B. , Yu C. Y. , Squire S. B.
Published: April 2020

SETTING: Eight tuberculosis treatment sites in Cavite Province, the Philippines, including two sites specialising in management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB).OBJECTIVE: To evaluate costs incurred by TB patients and to determine the proportion of households
that faced catastrophic costs, then to consider cost survey responses alongside results of detailed patient-pathway modelling.DESIGN: Clustered cross-sectional survey using a field testing version of the WHO TB patient-costing tool and protocol; face-to-face interviews with 194
patients conducted in May–August 2016. Costs included direct-medical, direct non-medical and indirect costs using the human capital approach. Patients were deemed to incur catastrophic expenditure if TB-related costs exceeded 20% of annual household income. Patient pathways were modelled
following multiple health staff interviews.RESULTS: Estimated mean cost incurred by patients with drug-susceptible TB was US$321 vs. $2356 for MDR-TB patients. Catastrophic costs were suffered by 28% of drug-susceptible and 80% of MDR-TB patients, with lost income
being the largest contributor. Patient-pathway modelling suggested most patients had under-reported health visits.CONCLUSION: Survey results indicate that patient costs are large for all patients in Cavite, particularly for MDR-TB patients. Patient-pathway modelling suggests these
costs are an underestimate due to poor recollection of health visits, suggesting that the WHO instrument and protocol could be improved to better capture the diagnostic journey.
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis care in the United States
Authors: Gobaud A. N. , Haley C. A. , Wilson J. W. , Bhavaraju R. , Lardizabal A. , Seaworth B. J. , Goswami N. D.
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND: To examine the utilization of the Tuberculosis (TB) Centers of Excellence (COE) medical consultation service and evaluate how these services were being employed for patients in relation to multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB).METHODS: Medical consults are documented
in a secure database. The database was queried for MDR-TB consultations over the period 1 January 2013–31 December 2017. All were analyzed to assess provider type, center, setting, year of call, and type of patient (pediatric vs. adult). A subgroup was randomly selected for thematic
analysis.RESULTS: The centers received 1560 MDR-TB consultation requests over this period. Providers requesting consults were primarily physicians (55%). The majority of requests were from public health departments (64%) and for adult patients (80%). Four major topic areas emerged:
1) initial management of MDR-TB, 2) MDR-TB longitudinal treatment and complications, 3) management of persons exposed to MDR-TB, and 4) MDR-TB treatment completion.CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of these consultations provides insight into the type of expert advice about MDR-TB that was
provided. These findings highlight topics where increased medical training and education may help to improve MDR-TB-related practices.
Epidemiology and risk factors for extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Lebanon
Authors: O'Son L. , Hulland E. , Cookson S. T. , Castro K. G. , Yaacoub H.
Published: April 2020

SETTING: Lebanon is a relatively low TB-burden country, but has a high proportion of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). Concern has been expressed that Syrian-born refugees could add to the TB burden and rates of EPTB: since 2011, >1 000 000 Syrian refugees
have entered Lebanon.OBJECTIVE: The Lebanese National Tuberculosis Programme (NTP) sought to identify factors for the high proportion of EPTB and to assess the potential impact of Syrian refugees.DESIGN: NTP line-listed data from 2014–2015 were analyzed with logistic
regression identified risk factors for EPTB. A trend analysis for 2011–2015 assessed TB burden by nationality and site of TB.RESULTS: Of 1347 reported TB cases from 2014 to 2015, 507 (38%) were EPTB and 46% were Lebanese. In analysis limited to Lebanese-born, the proportion
of EPTB cases was relatively stable, 47% in 2011 and 52% in 2015. Modeling identified risk factors for EPTB as being female (aOR 1.79, 95%CI 1.39–2.32) and 5–15 years old (aOR 3.31, 95%CI 1.47–7.45) compared with children aged <5 years. Between 2011 and 2015, the proportion
of TB cases among Syrian-born increased from 3% in 2011 to 21% in 2015 (P < 0.001); however, the proportion of EPTB versus PTB cases among Syrians remained stable (P = 0.264).CONCLUSION: Syrian TB cases increased almost 10-fold in five years (2011–2015) but
their contribution to EPTB did not change. The high proportion of EPTB in Lebanon and those aged 5–15 years merits further investigation.
General price index formula
Authors: Białek Jacek
Published: April 2020

The paper discusses the proposition of the general price index formula. It is shown that the formula satisfies postulates coming from the Martini’s system of minimal requirements. It is also shown, analytically and by the simulation study, that the general formula fulfills the Laspeyres and Paasche bounding test. The conducted simulation study analyzes the volatility of the generated price index values for some fixed values of parameters.
Assessment of development positions of powiats using the modified quantified SWOT method
Authors: Łuczak Aleksandra
Published: April 2020

The SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) is one of the most popular of analysis used in the planning of socio-economic development of administrative units. This method organizes information about the internal and external conditions for the development of individuals, but rarely are attempts to quantify the validity of individual circumstances. In order to assess the validity of the external and internal conditions of socio-economic development districts, its modified form is used. The aim of the study is an attempt to apply the Hellwig’s method in quantifiable SWOT method. The proposed method is used to evaluate the development position of rural powiats in Wielkopolskie Voivodship in the years 2005 and 2013. Based on the surveys four main types of development positions were highlighted: aggressive, competitive, conservative and defensive. The presented method is universal and can be used in the SWOT analysis also for other units, for example, enterprises.
Outline of the theoretical TQM model in official statistics
Authors: Kordos Jan
Published: April 2020

The author presents, in general outline, the theoretical TQM, i.e, total quality management model in the official statistics, beginning with data quality assessments prepared by the National Statistical Institutions in different countries. Next, philosophy of TQM is outlined in different fields, mainly in statistics. Using Eurostat publications, different component of TQM are discussed, focusing on system, process and leaders approaches, in TQM implementation.
Use gradation data analysis to the classification of sub-regions in terms of the agrarian structure
Authors: Koszela Grzegorz
Published: April 2020

The article deals with the problem of measuring the dissimilarity structures. It turned out that the proposed measure, built by analogy with the Gini coefficient, can capture the subtleties, to which are not sensitive measure based on the metrics, commonly used in the literature. This paper presents a way to visualize structures using maps over-representation and ways of grouping objects by gradation data analysis. The groupings results are shown in comparison with the results obtained by other methods.
Assessment of gminas’ socio-economic development in the Mazowieckie Voivodship using methods of multivariate analysis
Authors: Chrzanowska Mariola , Drejerska Nina
Published: April 2020

Statistical methods for comparing objects allow them to study taking into account several features simultaneously, thereby increasing the efficiency of testing. It can be concluded that the methods of multidimensional comparative data analysis can provide specific research instruments of local development. The article presents the proposal to apply to study the level of development of gminas in the Mazowieckie Voivodship two methods of multidimensional comparative analysis, ie. indicator of the relative level of development as well as a synthetic measure which takes into account the zero unitarisation method. The assessment of the development level of gminas was carried out using quantitative characteristics based on data from the official statistics for the years 2007 and 2013.
Tests’ power for independence in the two-way contingency table
Authors: Sulewski Piotr
Published: April 2020

In the statistical literature there are many test measures to study the independence of features in the two-way contingency tables. For statistical analysis, the family of six so-called ”chi-squared statistic” was selected — including Pearson’s X² statistics — and the proposal of the author in the form of modular statistics. In order to free themselves from the limitations of the applicability of the ”chi-squared statistic”, critical values for all analyzed statistics were determined by simulation Monte Carlo methods. In order to compare the tests, the measure of untruthfulness of H₀ was proposed and calculated the power of the tests which is the ability of two-way contingency tables to reject null hypothesis which says that between features X and Y there is no relation.
Spatial diversity of economic development between powiats of the Slaskie voivodship
Authors: Wisła Rafał , Tokarski Tomasz
Published: April 2020

The subject of the article is the internal differentiation of the development of the most urbanized voivodship in Poland. The aim of the study is to assess the scale of the spatial differentiation of economic development of powiats in the Slaskie voivodship in the years 2002—2013. To achieve this, the research methods were used, as follows: a descriptive analysis of selected macroeconomic values, taxonomic analysis and clustering. The results of the analyzes tend to the formulation of two key proposals. Firstly, in the years 2002—2013 a quintile with the highest level of economic development formed the urban powiats of the Silesian agglomeration. Secondly, in the Slaskie voivodship, there were strong internal diversity in entrepreneurship and directions of its development.
Kernel density estimation in regional convergence studies
Authors: Wójcik Piotr
Published: April 2020

The aim of the article is to present a non-parametric kernel density estimation method as a tool used for empirical verification of the regional convergence hypothesis, including convergence of clubs. It is explained how kernel density estimation complements other methods applied to verify the phenomenon of convergence. The empirical part shows an application of the non-parametric density estimation to the analysis of regional convergence of educational achievements of Polish pupils, measured by the average results of the mathematical and natural science part of the lower-secondary school leaving exams on the level of municipalities in years 2002—2013. The results of the analysis indicate the existence of regional convergence of exam results for Polish municipalities. In case of the analysis for three-yearly periods convergence of clubs was observed — the municipalities with lowest exam results constitute a separate club of convergence.
The situation of young people in Poland against European countries
Authors: Gierańczyk Wiesława
Published: April 2020

The article attempts to present the situation of young people aged 25—34, which — in general — take important life decisions. For this purpose, the author studied spatial conditions for the creation by these people own household as well as participation in the labor market and further training. The relationship between these phenomena is discussed. The study was conducted for the European countries (with particular emphasis on the situation in Poland) based on data for the years 2013 and 2014 from the EU Statistics on Income and
Living Conditions (EU-SILC) and the Labour Force Survey (LFS). As a result, groups of similar countries have been determined in terms of living conditions of young people.
Simulation of the process of replenishment of cash at the ATMs
Authors: Gurgul Henryk , Suder Marcin
Published: April 2020

The article presents the most important issues concerning the management of ATM network. The basis of the study were Euronet ATMs, located in the Małopolskie and Podkarpackie voivodships. The empirical part of the article is based on a time series of withdrawals from the ATMs in the period from January 2008 to December 2012. The study shows that the most important factor affecting the amount of management costs in the analyzed ATM network is the time and the size of withdrawals. The main results and conclusions are based on a linear model defined in this study. The authors present the impact of the time choice and the withdrawal amount for the costs of operating ATMs and indicate how you can reduce the cost of managing ATM.
Local government as a public investor in Poland in comparison with other OECD countries
Authors: Wyszkowska Dorota , Wyszkowski Adam
Published: April 2020

In many countries, the local government sector is an important public investor. In Poland, the share of investment outlays of this sector in public expenses constitutes more than 50%. Comparing the investment expenditure of the local government in Poland with other OECD countries, it can be inferred that the Polish rates are among the highest ones. This article aims at presenting the investment size and direction of the local government sector in Poland compared to the OECD countries in 2007—2013 and their importance in the creation of economic activity.
Problemløsing ved samarbeid i PISA 2015: En diskusjon av rammeverket og norske elevers resultater
Authors: Rasmusssen Ingvill , Kjærnsli Marit , Jensen Fredrik , Ludvigsen Sten
Published: April 2020

I PISA 2015 undersøkes elevers ferdigheter i problemløsing ved samarbeid. Problemløsing ved samarbeid er en innovativ del av PISA-undersøkelsen og kommer i tillegg til lesing, matematikk og naturfag. Den innovative delen bygger på problemer og samarbeidssituasjoner som elever i 15-årsalderen møter i og utenfor skolen. I denne prøven løser elever oppgaver og samarbeider via en forhåndsprogrammert chat i en virtuell verden. Norske elever presterer på OECD-gjennomsnittet i problemløsing ved samarbeid, mens de presterer over gjennomsnittet i lesing, matematikk og naturfag. Denne artikkelen bidrar med en diskusjon av teorien som ligger til grunn for rammeverket, oppgavene og resultatene til norske elever i lys av annen forskning om problemløsing ved samarbeid.

Nøkkelord: problemløsing, samarbeid, PISA, samtaler, datamediering

Collaborative Problem Solving in PISA 2015: A discussion of the framework and the results of Norwegian students

AbstractAbstract: Students’ skills in collaborative problem solving are tested in the 2015 PISA-survey. The collaborative problem solving test is an innovative part of the PISA-survey and appears in addition to reading, mathematics and science. This innovative part builds on problems and situations that 15 year old students encounter in and outside schools today. These skills are tested by students solving tasks and cooperating in a pre-programmed chat set in a virtual world. Norwegian students perform at the OECD-average, which is relatively weaker compared to how they perform in reading, mathematics and science. This article contributes with a discussion of the framework, tasks and Norwegian students´ results in light of other research on problem solving and collaboration. Keywords: problem solving, collaboration, PISA, discussions, computer mediated
Rethinking Social Integration
Authors: Wiebe Lilija
Published: April 2020

This book is a reaction to the “refugee-crisis” in 2015 and the ensuing demand of science and practice for a stronger focus on the potentials and abilities of refugees in the integration process. To direct the focus of integration theories away from the weaknesses and towards the capabilities of the refugees, Heckmann’s Integration Theory – based on a comparative analysis – is related to Nussbaum’s Capabilities Approach via interlinking both theories. The results show that an integration theory with the focus on the capabilities of the refugees empowers the individual immigrant to become a valued and active participant in the integration process. This study was researched using the situation in Germany as an example, but the results are transferable to social integration contexts in other countries as well and may give non-governmental organisations, social workers and government agencies an orientation for their future aid programming.
Select Epstein-Barr Virus–Associated Digestive Tract Lesions for the Practicing Pathologist
Authors: Alruwaii Zainab I. , Montgomery Elizabeth A.
Published: April 2020

Context.—

Epstein-Barr virus is a ubiquitous oncogenic virus. During the past 5 decades, the virus has been linked to several disease entities, both neoplastic and nonneoplastic. Several Epstein-Barr virus–associated conditions affect the digestive organs, ranging from mild transient inflammatory conditions to more debilitating and even fatal diseases.

Objective.—

To discuss the clinicopathologic aspects of some newly or recently recognized Epstein-Barr virus–related conditions encountered in the digestive system and their therapeutic implications.

Data Sources.—

Published peer-reviewed literature was reviewed.

Conclusions.—

This article highlights the importance of recognizing the discussed lesions because they influence the direct clinical management or serve as a potential predictive marker for therapy.
A dramaturgia da luz strehleriana
Authors: Palermo Antonio
Published: April 2020

Luz, Strehler fez dela uma componente fundamental de seus espetáculos, atuando com transparência, sobreposição de camadas, sombra. Faz parte de uma era teatral, dos anos 1950 aos 1990, e se desenvolveu de uma forma muito pessoal, tornando-se um ponto de referência. Herdeiro de uma cultura avant-garde e europeia, o imaginário strehlerian foi forjado num ambiente milanês, atravessado, a partir dos anos 1920, por artistas - cenógrafos e artistas visuais - muito atentos aos problemas do espaço e da luz. Na prática de Strehler, a iluminação não se articula apenas com a cenografia, mas também com a interpretação, na qual ela se torna parceira, ou com o ritmo musical. Pode ser considerada como uma ferramenta dramatúrgica a serviço da mise-en-scène.
A relevância política de alguns princípios do Contato Improvisação
Authors: Sanches Pedro Rodrigo Penuela
Published: April 2020

Neste trabalho discutimos implicações éticas e políticas que caracterizam a forma de dança conhecida no Brasil como Contato Improvisação, destacando a relevância dos princípios que embasam os seguintes aspectos desta: 1. A dilatação do tempo e a sutilização da percepção, 2. A questão da resistência (ou a resistência em questão), 3. A ruptura com o imperativo da produtividade, 4. A questão (aberta) da comunidade, dos laços coletivos e dos espaços de refúgio. Examinando cada um destes aspectos, salientamos como esta forma de dança subverte os imperativos culturais hegemônicos da aceleração da ação, da densificação da estimulação e da produtividade, bem como permite problematizar e complexificar a noção de resistência e as estratégias de contraposição política e cultural a um status quo, criando, assim, espaços de compartilhamento sui generis, articulados por uma percepção comum e por “verdades éticas” orientadoras do encontro e das relações.
Do visível ao visual: poderes do blecaute na Magie Nouvelle
Authors: Perruchon Véronique , Luciani Tradutora: Nadia Moroz
Published: April 2020

A Magie Nouvelle é uma arte ilusionista, da qual algumas variações cênicas se apoiam em ilusões de ótica e na perturbação das referências. O blecaute trazido à sua cena oferece um ambiente propício para revelar as aparições mais irreais: os corpos no palco, livres das restrições do real, provocam o encontro com o sentimento mágico. Através de uma experiência sensorial, o espectador mergulha em um universo irracional e cativante que tem o poder evocatório da imagem aberta (Georges Didi-Huberman). O blecaute imersivo tem a faculdade de transformar a opacidade da tela do visível até adquirir as qualidades do visual. Espetáculos como Vibrations (2010) e Notte (Cia 14:20) ou ainda Les Limbes (Cia Mosntre[s], 2014) permitirão demonstrar suas ocorrências. No entanto, se essa abordagem mágica do blecaute parece das mais novas, sua mobilização marcou a história da magia. Esse artigo vai se debruçar, portanto, num primeiro momento, sobre uma recontextualização do uso do blecaute na história da magia, antes de apresentar as modalidades e os desafios contemporâneas próprios à Magie Nouvelle.
Static headspace gas chromatographic determination of hexanal as a marker of lipid oxidation in fat-rich food
Authors: Vičkačkaitė Vida , Pipiraitė Gintarė , Poškus Vilius , Jurkutė Ingrida , Bugelytė Birutė
Published: April 2020

Static headspace gas chromatographic method for determination of hexanal as a marker of lipid oxidation was developed. Tetradecane was suggested as a matrix for hexanal release from the sample. Sample equilibration temperature and time, tetradecane volume, injection time were optimized. Benzaldehyde was selected as an internal standard. Under the optimized conditions quality parameters were determined. The calibration curve was linear in the concentration range from 25 µg l–1 to 2 g l–1, the detection limit was 15 µg l–1, RSD was determined by five replication analysis with hexanal concentration 0.1 g l–1 and was 1.2%. The technique was applied for hexanal determination in potato chips and fried potatoes.
Seasonal variation of the qualitative and quantitative composition of triterpenic compounds and antioxidant activity in vitro in the apple extracts of cultivars grown in Lithuania
Authors: Butkevičiūtė A. , Urbštaitė R. , Liaudanskas M. , Kviklys D. , Viškelis J. , Janulis V.
Published: April 2020

Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruits are rich in phenolic glycosides, triterpenic acids and other biologically active compounds. The apples are widely used as food products due to their biologically active compounds that have specific biological effects. It is important to use high quality apples or their recycling products, so it is necessary to investigate the qualitative and quantitative composition of the bioactive compounds. The amount of triterpenic acids varies during different phenological stages of apple development and maturation. In order to determine in which phenological stage of apple growth the quantity of triterpenic acids was highest, high-performance liquid chromatography was applied. The highest total amounts of triterpenic compounds were detected at the beginning of the phenological stage of fruit development. The study showed that the highest amounts of triterpenic acids were detected at the beginning of the phenological stage of apple development, while as the apple matured, the amount of triterpenic acids decreased from 2.63 ± 0.26 mg/g to 1.6 ± 0.28 mg/g. In this study, we identified and quantified four triterpenic compounds, which by the quantitative composition of triterpenic acids could be arranged in the following ascending order: betulinic acid < corosolic acid < oleanolic acid < ursolic acid. In order to use herbal extracts for medical practice it is important to perform biological effects study in vitro and in vivo. Antioxidants with different mechanisms of action neutralize harmful reactive oxygen and nitrogen forms and enhance antioxidants protection systems. The antioxidant activity of apple extracts in vitro varied during different phenological stages of the fruit. The strongest antiradical and reductive activities were observed at the beginning of apple development. In order to determine the relationship between the antioxidant activity of the acetone extracts of apples assessed by DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC and FRAP assays and the total amount of triterpenic acids in these extracts, a correlation analysis was carried out. The strongest positive correlation was observed between the amount of oleanolic acid and the antioxidant activity assessed by DPPH, ABTS and CUPRAC methods (respectively, r = 0.778, r = 0.784 and r = 0.720).
El paisatge lingüístic del centre històric de València: sobre la presència del català
Authors: Latorre García Lidia , García Montes Andrea
Published: April 2020

El paisatge lingüístic (PL) és una disciplina lingüística que s’ha desenrotllat tant en l’àmbit internacional com enl’hispànic en els últims anys. El seu objecte d’estudi és «the visibility and salience of languages on public and comercial signs in a given territory or region» (Landry i Bourhis, 1997: 23).En aquesta investigació hem volgut aplicar la base teòrica del PL per a comprovar la realitat lingüística dels signes presents al centre històric de la ciutat de València. Sobretot ens interessa observar la presència (o absència) del català en aquests signes, comprovar com es relacionen els resultats amb les disposicions legislatives en matèria de política lingüística i observar la rellevància que es dóna al català en els signes bilingües i multilingües.Amb aquests objectius, vam analitzar 368 signes i els hem classificat en: institucionals o privats, d’una banda, i segons el nombre de llengües en què estaven escrits, de l’altra. Aquesta anàlisi ens permetrà arribar a la conclusióque la llengua que predomina en els signes privats és el castellà, mentre que el català predomina als institucionals.
Catalanismes al grec medieval
Authors: Pérez Rodenas Sandra
Published: April 2020

La relació entre dues llengües com són el grec i el català no ha estat pràcticament estudiada. Tan sols podem esmentar els esforços de Joan Coromines i de l’hel·lenista Jordi Redondo. Sabem que la llengua catalana posseeix hel·lenismes que s’introduïren a diverses èpoques i per diverses raons. Tot i això, mai s’havia proposat un contacte directe entre ambdues llengües. No obstant això, molts són els motius històrics i lingüístics per pensar que hi vahaver un contacte directe català-grec, el qual podria explicar tant els manlleus grecs que trobem al català, com els catalanismes que trobem al grec medieval. Els materials dels quals disposem per a demostrar aquesta hipòtesi sónlimitats. Tanmateix, sí que trobem a textos grecs medievals alguns catalanismes, la major part dels quals pertanyen al camp semàntic de la marineria. Així, sembla més possible pensar que certament existís una situació de bilingüismeque justificar aquestos manlleus prenent una llengua franca com a intermediària.Paraules clau: català medieval; grec medieval; bilingüisme; catalanismes; manlleus.
Fulles d’herba en el sistema literari català
Authors: Frasquet Lourdes
Published: April 2020

Si entenem que l’activitat traductora forma part del sistema literari que l’acull, tal com postulaven els seguidors de l’escola de la manipulació, no podem destriar la descripció de traduccions de l’enfocament històric. Aquest article es proposa observar com la llengua de la literatura traduïda varia amb el temps i, més concretament, com ho fa la del sistema literari català dels segles XX i XXI. Per tal d’assolir aquests objectius, s’hi proposa una anàlisi comparativa entre dues traduccions al català de Fulles d’herba de Walt Whitman, inscrites en períodes històrics molt diferents: la primera, modernista, a càrrec de Cebrià de Montoliu, de l’any 1909; la més recent, de 2014, efectuada per Jaume C. Pons Alorda.Paraules clau: literatura traduïda; polisistema; Fulles d’herba; Cebrià de Montoliu; Jaume C. Pons Alorda.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berkontribusi Terhadap Kejadian Luar Biasa Hepatitis A di Pesantren X Kab. Cirebon, Januari 2018.
Authors: Ananda Ima , Syarif Syahrizal , Nurlina Ade
Published: April 2020

Kejadian luar biasa Hepatitis A di Pondok Pesantren X pada bulan Januari 2018 merupakan KLB Hepatitis A pertama di Kabupaten Cirebon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor risiko kejadian suspek Hepatitis A di Pondok Pesantren X  Kabupaten Cirebon. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kasus kontrol dengan jumlah kasus 30 orang dan kontrol 53 orang. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh santri Pondok Pesantren X  Kabupaten Cirebon. Kasus adalah suspek hepatitis A yaitu santri Pondok Pesantren X yang mengalami gejala jaundice dan air kencing berwarna seperti teh pada periode Desember 2017-Januari 2018. Kontrol adalah santri Pondok Pesantren X yang tidak mengalami gejala jaundice dan air kencing berwarna seperti teh pada periode Desember 2017-Januari 2018. Data perilaku higiene perorangan diperoleh melalui wawancara. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Hasil uji regresi logistik menunjukkan umur (OR=4,1032, CI 95%=1,2929-13,0223, p=0,017) dan kebiasaan mencuci alat makan tanpa sabun (OR=16,8741, CI 95%=4,0917-69,5882, p<0,001) berhubungan dengan kejadian suspek Hepatitis A. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa faktor risiko kejadian suspek Hepatitis A di Pesantren X Kabupaten Cirebon adalah umur dan kebiasaan mencuci alat makan tanpa sabun. Upaya pencegahan kejadian Hepatitis A dapat dilakukan melalui edukasi tentang Hepatitis A dan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat serta meningkatkan intensitas inspeksi kesehatan lingkungan pesantren.
Hubungan Wilayah Tempat Tinggal dengan Pemberian ASI Ekslusif pada Anak 0-5 Bulan di Indonesia (Analisis Data Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia) Tahun 2017
Authors: Karnila Andi , Bantas Krisnawati
Published: April 2020

ASI ekslusif dapat mencegah morbiditas dan mortalitas pada anak. Wilayah tempat tinggal perkotaan dan pedesaan memiliki keterkaitan dengan praktek pemberian  ASI ekslusif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara wilayah tempat tinggal dengan praktek pemberian ASI ekslusif pada anak 0-5 bulan di Indonesia. Desain studi penelitian yaitu cross sectional menggunakan data sekunder Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan diseluruh provinsi di Indonesia. Variabel dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari ASI ekslusif sebagai variabel dependen, wilayah tempat tinggal sebagai variabel independen dan variabel perancu yang terdiri dari umur ibu, pendidikan ibu, paritas, kondisi depresi ibu, status bekerja, status ekonomi, status pernikahan, inisiasi menyusui dini, jenis persalinan, tempat bersalin, antenatal care dan berat lahir anak. Teknik sampling menggunakan total sampling dengan jumlah sampel 1.266. SPSS 16 digunakan sebagai software statistik pada penelitian. Data dianalisis menggunakan regresi logistik dan prevalence odds ratio. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi ASI ekslusif 67,1% dan 37,9% tidak ASI ekslusif. Prevalensi wilayah tempat tinggal pedesaan 53,5% dan perkotaan 46,5%. Terdapat hubungan wilayah tempat tinggal dengan pemberian ASI ekslusif POR 1,298 (95%CI 1,023 – 1,646). Ibu yang tinggal diperkotaan memiliki peluang yang lebih tinggi untuk tidak memberikan ASI ekslusif dibandingkan ibu yang tinggal dipedesaan, setelah dikontrol dengan variabel status bekerja, inisiasi menyusui dini dan status pernikahan.
Efek ASI Eksklusif terhadap Stunting pada Anak Usia 6-59 bulan di Kabupaten Bogor tahun 2019
Authors: Hikmahrachim Hardya Gustada , Rohsiswatmo Rinawati , Ronoatmodjo Sudarto
Published: April 2020

Stunting, atau perawakan pendek, berhubungan erat dengan hambatankemampuan kognitif dan kualitas hidup. Prevalensi stunting di Indonesiamencapai 30,8% tahun 2018. Stunting dipengaruhi pemenuhan nutrisi diawal kehidupan, salah satunya melalui ASI eksklusif. Meskipun cakupan ASIeksklusif di Indonesia sudah 74,5%, hubungan stunting dengan ASI eksklusifseringkali tidak konsisten akibat keberagaman kuantitas dan kualitas ASI.Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui efek ASI eksklusif terhadap stunting diKabupaten Bogor, sebagai salah satu daerah tinggi stunting di Indonesia.Penelitian dengan desain potong lintang ini dilaksanakan di PuskesmasKecamatan Ciampea, Kabupaten Bogor, pada Februari sampai April 2019.Kriteria inklusi adalah balita usia 6-59 bulan yang berkunjung ke poliklinik.Informasi pemberian ASI eksklusif diperoleh dari wawancara terstruktur,sementara stunting ditetapkan dengan antropometri terstandar. Dari 162balita, 117 (72,22%) mendapat ASI eksklusif dan 64 subjek (39,51%)mengalami stunting. Pada analisis multivariat, ditemukan interaksi padastrata usia ibu saat hamil > 30 tahun dan < 30 tahun, sehingga rasioprevalens (PR) ASI eksklusif terhadap kejadian stunting adalah 0,41 IK95%0,23-0,74 dan 1,74 IK95% 0,93-3,24; p Mantel-Haenszel < 0,001 secaraberturut-turut. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ASI eksklusif dapatbersifat protektif terhadap stunting bila usia ibu saat hamil > 30 tahun.Selain meningkatkan cakupan, diperlukan upaya meningkatkan kualitasASI eksklusif untuk mengoptimalkan upaya pencegahan stunting
Association of Obesity and Negative Acid-Fast Bacilli Founding Among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Magfira Nadya , Mokoagow Md Ikhsan , Kshanti Ida Ayu , Nazar Helda
Published: April 2020

Obesity is known as protective factors of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) innon-diabetes mellitus population. However, it’s effect on PTB in type 2diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patient is unclear. The study aims to determinethe association between obesity and PTB in patient with T2DM. A crosssectional study was held in in-patient, The Department of Internal Medicine, Fatmawati General Hospital from January 2015 to December 2017.This study includes patient with T2DM who had been diagnosed with PTBand age > 18 years old. In this study negative Acid-fast-bacilli (AFB)founding defined as patient’s sputum is negative by smear microscopy,while obesity define as body mass index > 24.9 kg/m2. From 363 PTBpatient with T2DM, 22.59% were obese. Results showed that prevalenceof negative AFB founding in PTB patients with T2DM was 81.82% and itwas solely associated with obesity (p:0.002, OR=6.36, 95%CI 1.9-21). Obesepatients were likely to have negative AFB founding. It suggested thatdiagnosing PTB in patient with T2DM and obese can’t be solely based onbacteriological confirmation
Heavy Metal Contamination and Its Risk for Swampy Agricultural Soils of Keffi, Nasarawa West, Nigeria
Authors: Rilwan U. , Abbas A. A. , Muhammad S.
Published: April 2020

Swampy agricultural soils could be contaminated as a result of accumulation of heavy metals through emission from industrial areas, mines tailings, metal wastes, gasoline, paints, fertilizers, manure, sewage sludge, pesticide, waste water irrigation, coal combustion residue, spillage of petrochemicals and atmospheric deposition. This study aimed at evaluating the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk of the study area using X-Ray fluoroscopy. The results shows that, mean concentration level in the area was in decreasing order Ni(525) > Cu(515.9) > Zn(367.6) > Cr(336.6) > Cd(260.9) > Pb(219.5) > As(18.9). The Hazard Quotient (HQ) was all recorded to be low except ingestion adult which is higher than unity. The Hazard Index (HI) was also recorded to be 2.3 a value greater than one (>>1). This makes non-carcinogenic effects significant to the population and poses serious effects in the area under study. The total excess life cancer risk were found to be (5.0 x 10-2), a value greater than that of U.S (1.0x10-4 to 1.0x10-6) and above that of South Africa (5.0x10-6). This implies that there is a probability that one person in 1,000 may be affected. Regular monitoring and evaluation of the soils and the crops cultivated at the sample locations is recommended.
The Impact of Financial Deepening on the Economy of Nigeria (1981-2018)
Authors: Efanga Udeme Okon , Ogochukwu Chinelo Okanya , Ugwuanyi Georgina Obinne
Published: April 2020

This study was carried out to investigate the impact of financial deepening on the Nigerian economy between 1981 and 2018. Data employed for this study was elicited from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin of 2018. This study employed real gross domestic product as proxy for economic growth in Nigeria (regress and), while ratio of money supply to gross domestic product, ratio of private sector credit to gross domestic product and ratio of market capitalization to gross domestic product were adopted as regressors. The co-integration test and Fully Modified Least Squares (FMOLS) Model were utilized to analyze data. Inferential results generated there from indicated that financial deepening had positive impact on the Nigerian economy within the period under review. To boost economic growth, we recommend at this time that monetary authorities implement monetary policies to increase money. In the same vein, Nigerian commercial banks should be encouraged to improve upon credit facilities made available to the private sector. Recognizing the positive impact of international capital, this study also recommends that Nigerian policy makers ease some of the many restrictions that currently limit entry of international capital. This singular act would most definitely lead to more companies being listed on the exchange. The result would be the attainment of even more depth to Nigeria’s economy.
Notas sobre a extensão universitária a partir de Gramsci
Authors: Cristofoletti Evandro Coggo , Serafim Milena Pavan
Published: April 2020

O objetivo do artigo é debater possibilidades de se estruturar uma concepção de extensão universitária alicerçada nos pensamentos de Antônio Gramsci. Mobilizou-se, metodologicamente, revisão bibliográfica dos escritos gramscianos e de seus intérpretes a fim de relacionar a temática com conceitos como hegemonia, política, ideologia e intelectuais orgânicos. O argumento desenvolvido partiu de considerações sobre a função social da universidade e dos processos de mercantilização destas, bem como da própria história da extensão universitária no Brasil, para indicar à necessidade de se construí-la enquanto espaço de formação de intelectuais orgânicos junto às classes dominadas. 
A práxis marxista e o intelectual orgânico em Gramsci: a emancipação humana como horizonte
Authors: Costa Regis Clemente da
Published: April 2020

Esse artigo tem como objetivo discutir o conceito de práxis em Marx, o conceito de intelectual orgânico em Gramsci e as suas inter-relações em vista da efetivação emancipação humana, uma vez que, em ambos, está contida a concepção teórico-práxica, inerente ao método materialista histórico e dialético. O artigo traz a fundamentação dos conceitos a partir das obras de Marx, Marx e Engels e de Gramsci, assim como de comentadores. É possível inferir, que a práxis, segundo a perspectiva de Marx requer sujeitos concretos para sua efetivação e esse conceito está diretamente relacionado ao intelectual orgânico, na obra de Gramsci. Ambos, portanto, atuam na perspectiva da efetivação da emancipação humana.
A constituição da educação escolar moderna: do viés emancipador à estagnação conservadora
Authors: Lima Fernanda Bartoly Gonçalves de
Published: April 2020

O presente artigo busca resgatar a compreensão histórica da constituição da escola moderna como forma dominante de educação, problematizando os rumos ideológicos tomados a partir do período no qual a classe burguesa se consolida como classe dominante. Para isso, se realiza uma pesquisa de cunho teórico, na perspectiva materialista histórica dialética, demonstrando como a prerrogativa da emancipação se apresenta nesse primeiro momento de constituição revolucionária e em um posterior momento de decadência ideológica. Defende-se que uma compreensão maior acerca desses processos conservadores poderia, além de ampliar a percepção do que ocorre hoje no âmbito da atual retomada conservadora, auxiliar a resgatar a potencialidade revolucionária da educação escolar, que se materializa na socialização do conhecimento socialmente acumulado. Entende-se que o conhecimento, em sua radicalidade histórica, é substancial para a formação do sujeito revolucionário – o sujeito que concentra as condições subjetivo-objetivas para a luta pela emancipação humana.
O assalto do capital financeiro à educação pública
Authors: Díez-Gutiérrez Enrique-Javier
Published: April 2020

O artigo analisa como o capital financeiro está sendo introduzido na educação pública, aproveitando os cortes em seu financiamento com a desculpa da crise. Descreve diferentes estratégias dessa infiltração por meio de reformas educacionais neoliberais e estratégias de patrocínio ou filantropoeducação empresarial. Para o capital financeiro, a educação mundial representa o último grande mercado, um “bolo suculento” do qual você não está disposto a desistir. Assim surge a "Indústria Global de Educação".
Sobre o Estado - Conferência na Universidade Sverdlov
Authors: Lenin Vladimir Iilich Ulianov
Published: April 2020

o problema do Estado é um dos mais complicados e difíceis, com certeza aquele em que mais confusão semearam os eruditos, escritores e filósofos burgueses. Lenin procura abordar para estudante universitários os problemas o que é o Estado, qual a sua natureza, a sua significação e qual a atitude do nosso partido, o partido que luta pela derrubada do capitalismo, o partido comunista, qual é a sua atitude no que diz respeito ao Estado? A teoria do Estado serve para justificar os privilégios sociais, a existência da exploração, a existência do capitalismo, razão pela qual seria o maior dos erros esperar imparcialidade neste problema, abordando-o na crença de que quem se julga cientista possa apresentar uma concepção puramente científica do assunto. Quando se tenham familiarizado com o problema do Estado, com a doutrina do Estado e com a teoria do Estado, e o tenham aprofundado suficientemente, descobrirão sempre a luia entre classes diferentes, uma luta que se reflete ou se exprime num conflito entre concepções sobre o Estado, na apreciação do papel e da significação do Estado.
Network Effect
Authors: Zwitter Andrej
Published: April 2020

“Network effects” or “network externalities” are terms to describe the phenomenon that products or services can experience increase in value the more users they have. A classic example is communication networks. Network effects are associated with insights in social network analysis and network economics. The concept is also relevant in discourses around big data ethics and blockchain technology.
Local Photothermal Control of Phase Transitions for On‐Demand Room‐Temperature Rewritable Magnetic Patterning
Authors: Mei Antonio B. , Gray Isaiah , Tang Yongjian , Schubert Jürgen , Werder Don , Bartell Jason , Ralph Daniel C. , Fuchs Gregory D. , Schlom Darrell G.
Published: April 2020

The ability to make controlled patterns of magnetic structures within a nonmagnetic background is essential for several types of existing and proposed technologies. Such patterns provide the foundation of magnetic memory and logic devices, allow the creation of artificial spin‐ice lattices, and enable the study of magnon propagation. Here, a novel approach for magnetic patterning that allows repeated creation and erasure of arbitrary shapes of thin‐film ferromagnetic structures is reported. This strategy is enabled by epitaxial Fe0.52Rh0.48 thin films designed so that both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases are bistable at room temperature. Starting with the film in a uniform antiferromagnetic state, the ability to write arbitrary patterns of the ferromagnetic phase is demonstrated by local heating with a focused laser. If desired, the results can then be erased by cooling below room temperature and the material repeatedly re‐patterned.