bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contaminación microbiológica de las aguas subterráneas por los Oocitos de Cryptosporidium en Haití. Evaluación de los riesgos para la salud de la población
Authors:   Université Quisqueya, Laboratoire de Qualité de l’Eau et de l’Environnement. Association Haïtienne Femmes, Science et Technologie. Haití, Balthazard-Accou Ketty , Emmanuel Evens ,   Université Quisqueya, Laboratoire de Qualité de l’Eau et de l’Environnement. Haití, Diouf Momar ,   Unité de Biostatistique, Direction de la Recherche Clinique et de l’Innovation. Francia, Agnamey Patrice ,   Université de Picardie Jules Verne. Francia
Published: February 2021

La contaminación de los ecosistemas acuáticos naturales por Cryptospridium parvum constituye una verdadera preocupación de salud humana e ambiental principalmente en los países en desarrollo. En Haití, los oocitos de cryptosporidios se han encontrado en muchas ciudades del país en las aguas de superficie y las aguas destinadas al consumo humano. En las aguas subterráneas en Les Cayes de Haití, concentraciones significativas de 1 a 989 oocitos en 100 litros de agua filtrada han sido determinadas. Los resultados de estos estudios han revelado un nivel elevado de polución por oocitos de Cryptosporidium en las aguas de superficie y aguas subterráneas. Por ende, los recursos en agua contaminados por oocitos constituyen un verdadero riesgo sanitario para los niños y las personas inmuno-deprimidas. Así, se hace necesario evaluar el riesgo biológico para las poblaciones que se abastecen de estos recursos en agua contaminados. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar: (i) las etapas de un procedimiento destinado a evaluar los riesgos para la salud humana ligados al consumo de agua proveniente de las aguas subterráneas; et (ii) los resultados de la aplicación de este procedimiento en las aguas subterráneas en Les Cayes, ciudad situada en el suroeste de Haití. El procedimiento está basado en un escenario que describe la existencia de una descarga violenta en donde los lixiviados no son ni recolectados ni tratados. Las basuras están directamente en contacto con el suelo y siguen los mecanismos de transferencia hacia la capa de agua subterránea. Además, las letrinas y fosas sépticas, rechazando sus efluentes en la zona no saturada de la matriz geológica, están igualmente retenidas. La estimación del riesgo ha sido calculada para dos grupos en la población expuesta: inmuno-deprimida y inmuno-competente. Este aparece como un riesgo elevado para los inmuno-deprimidos
Implementación eficiente de un código en paralelo para resolver la ecuación de flujo subterráneo en medios heterogéneos y anisótropos
Authors:   Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia, Álvarez-Villa Oscar D. , Ospina Santiago ,   Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia, Pérez Kevin ,   Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia, Monsalve Gaspar ,   Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia, Blessent Daniela ,   Universidad de Medellín, Colombia, Vélez Jaime Ignacio ,   Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia
Published: February 2021

En este trabajo se presenta una implementación altamente eficiente que resuelve en paralelo la Ecuación en Derivadas Parciales de Flujo Subterráneo (EDPFS) en régimen transitorio y en tres dimensiones, linealizada aplicando diferentes esquemas de diferencias finitas. El código desarrollado considera los siguientes aspectos: (i) medios heterogéneos donde la conductividad hidráulica puede variar abruptamente en el espacio, (ii) medios anisótropos mediante el tensor no diagonal de conductividades hidráulicas, (iii) geometrías irregulares del acuífero y parametrizaciones variables en tiempo y espacio de sus condiciones de contorno, (iv) la variabilidad espacio-temporal de las acciones exteriores actuando sobre dicho acuífero. Para efectos de ejecución computacional, se han adoptado las herramientas ofrecidas por la interfaz de altas prestaciones PETSc, la cual permite la ejecución en paralelo del planteamiento de los sistemas de ecuaciones del modelo, la resolución en paralelo de dichos sistemas mediante el método del gradiente conjugado y el acceso a diferentes esquemas de pre condicionamiento. Para probar la pertinencia y eficiencia de la implementación creada se realizaron tres experimentos computacionales. Primero, la modelación del flujo en un acuífero bidimensional homogéneo anisótropo, con el fin de evaluar la representación matemática de la anisotropía del medio. Segundo, la solución de la EDPFS para medio fracturado, considerando propiedades hidráulicas generadas a partir de un modelo estocástico equivalente de medio poroso. En este experimento se realizó la comparación de las soluciones obtenidas con otras de referencia simuladas en MODFLOW, con lo cual se comprobó la pertinencia y precisión de la implementación. Tercero, un acuífero sintético en forma de cubo, heterogéneo y anisótropo con diferentes niveles de discretización espacial. El desempeño de la solución numérica de la EDPFS se evalúa utilizando varios pre-condicionamientos para los diferentes escenarios de discretización propuestos. En este caso se concluye que, a pesar de que la selección del pre-condicionamiento influye en el aumento o disminución de la eficiencia de ejecución del modelo, la principal limitación computacional radica en la adecuada selección de un hardware que pueda soportar adecuadamente las ejecuciones en paralelo.
Alternativas de recarga del acuífero con agua de lluvia para mejorar la calidad del agua de consumo de ganadería bovina
Authors:   Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Argentina, Tosolini Rubén , Basán Nickisch Mario ,   Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Argentina, Lahitte Alejandro ,   Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Argentina, Sosa Dora ,   Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Argentina, Sánchez Luciano ,   Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Argentina
Published: February 2021

La ganadería bovina en Santa Fe, Argentina, presenta cíclicamente condicionantes en calidad de agua para el abrevado animal, donde los productores experimentan mermas en el stock de cabezas y pérdidas económicas importantes. Desde el año 2011 el Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) de la República Argentina investiga sobre mejoramiento de la calidad química del agua para consumo de ganadería, articulando con diversas instituciones. Los estudios se realizaron en el Establecimiento “La Güeya”, cercano a la ciudad de Tostado, Departamento 9 de Julio, Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina. El mismo es ganadero, con bajo uso de insumos agroquímicos, el cual presentaba severas limitantes en calidad química del agua de consumo de ganadería bovina. Se concretaron tres sistemas de agua realizando estudios de prospección geoeléctrica para ubicar las perforaciones, las cuales se diseñaron para extraer y recargar el acuífero con agua de lluvia simultáneamente. Se diseñaron chupadores flotantes que funcionan dentro de las perforaciones que presentan estratificación vertical excesiva de sales. La baja permeabilidad del acuífero hizo que se concreten diferentes diseños de varias perforaciones que abastezcan a cada molino de viento, denominados sistemas “patas de araña”, debido a la variación de granulometría y calidad del acuífero que se evidencia en pocos metros. Se implementaron varias alternativas de sistematización de las áreas de captación para maximizar el escurrimiento superficial hacia los sectores de recarga. Se propuso, además, la mezcla de agua de todos los sistemas para distribuir agua con la misma calidad en cualquier lugar del campo. Las mejoras logradas en la calidad del agua permiten afirmar que los resultados son positivos, habiendo alcanzado el autoabastecimiento de agua y la sustentabilidad ambiental y económica del Establecimiento.
Resumen del plan nacional de gestión integrada e integral de los recursos hídricos y de las cuencas y microcuencas hidrográficas de Ecuador
Authors:   Secretaría del Agua Ecuador. Ecuador, Yánez Luis , Franco Pamela ,   Secretaría del Agua Ecuador. Ecuador, Bastidas Wellington ,   Secretaría del Agua Ecuador. Ecuador, Córdova Verónica ,   Secretaría del Agua Ecuador. Ecuador
Published: February 2021

El gobierno del Ecuador planteó disposiciones y requisitos para el desarrollo sostenible de los recursos hídricos, tomando como marco legal la Constitución del Ecuador (2008) Art. 318 estableciendo “El agua es patrimonio nacional…”, las políticas nacionales de recursos hídricos propuestas en la Ley Orgánica de Recursos Hídricos, Usos y Aprovechamiento del Agua (LORHUYA 2014), El Plan Nacional del Buen Vivir (2013-2017); Objetivo 3: “Mejorar la calidad de vida de la población” y Objetivo 7: “Garantizar los derechos de la naturaleza y promover la sostenibilidad ambiental territorial y global” y El Plan Nacional de Desarrollo (2007-2010); Objetivo 4: “Promover un ambiente sano y sustentable, y garantizar el acceso al agua, aire y suelo seguros”. Siguiendo estas disposiciones se realizó El Plan Nacional de Gestión Integrada e Integral de los Recursos Hídricos de las Cuencas y Microcuencas Hidrográficas del Ecuador (PNGIRH), en el cual se realiza el análisis por 9 Demarcaciones Hidrográficas (Continente), y un análisis específico en las Islas Galápagos, con el objeto de resolver el conflicto entre oferta y demanda de los recursos hídricos, salvaguardando la vida de las personas, la soberanía alimentaria y garantizando el consumo de agua industrial, estableciendo años horizonte; que consta de un año base (2010), año horizonte de corto plazo Fase I (2015-2025); horizonte medio Fase II (2026-2030); y de largo plazo Fase III (2031-2035). Para la resolución de problemas se han planteado medidas estructurales y no estructurales para el control de inundaciones y alivio de desastres; suministro y uso de agua de buena calidad, protección y conservación de agua y suelo, así como la planificación de un sistema eficaz de gestión de los recursos hídricos, los cuales se han planteado bajo condiciones de desarrollo económico normal con un total de: 176 proyectos de asignación de recursos hídricos, 13 sistemas de control de inundaciones, 265 áreas de protección para fuentes de agua potable, 7,834.65 km2 para el control de erosión, planificados para todo el país. Después de la ejecución de los proyectos de asignación de recursos hídricos, se espera que los resultados del análisis del balance de oferta y demanda muestran que la probabilidad de suministro de agua cumple con el valor objetivo establecido en este Plan con el porcentaje de déficit hídrico nacional que no deberá superar el 10%.
NOWADAYS: THE ROLE OF INTERNET FOR PROPAGATION AND PROLIFERATION OF MUSIC
Authors: Mittal Deepak Kumar
Published: February 2021

In present day internet play a very important role for propagation and proliferation of music in India and world-wide. With the help of internet media we can get each and every information about the music at home. Many websites and softwares are available on internet browsing for music searching, watching, listening, reading and learning.Google search are best source for searching and type documents of music, YouTube (youtube is a video-sharing website), Skype (Skype is a tele communications application software that specializes in providing video chat and voice calls from computers via the Internet, Online radio (All major Indian and others FM radio stations ready for you to enjoy music and much more), E-Journals (Electronic journals are scholarly journals or intellectual magazines that can be accessed via electronic transmission. In practice, this means that they are usually published on the Web), Online and Downloading websites, Social network websites (for exchange messages, post status updates and photos, share videos and receive notifications when others update their profiles, Marketing websites for purchasing music products and accessories
GREAT MUSICIAN TANSEN
Authors: Jain Sunita
Published: February 2021

Tansen was a great musician. Abul Fazl describes the eminence of various musicians under the benevolent patronage of Emperor Akbar, the first place in which music is given to Emperor Tansen. Tansen was the best talented musician of that era. Praising Tansen, Abul Fazal wrote, "A singer like him in India has not been born for a thousand years". Tansen was born in 1531-32 in a Gaud Brahmins family in Behat village, about 43 km from Gwalior. His initial name was Trilochan Pandey, he had a special interest in music since childhood. Naresh Mansingh Tomar of Gwalior had established a music school in Gwalior which continued for many years even after the Mughals had taken over Gwalior. Tansen received his early education in this music school. He received music education from the famous saint singer Baba Haridas of Guru Vrindavan of his Tau Baba Ramdas, in addition to this he also learned singing from Mohammad Gaus and also learned Iranian music.

तानसेन एक महान संगीतज्ञ थे। अबुल फजल बादशाह अकबर के उदार संरक्षण में विभिन्न संगीतज्ञों के होने का वर्णन करता है, उनमें वह पहला स्थान संगीत सम्राट तानसेन को प्रदान करता है।। तानसेन उस युग के सर्वश्रेष्ठ प्रतिभावान संगीतज्ञ थे। तानसेन की प्रशंसा करते हुए अबुल फजल ने लिखा है ’’ भारत में उसके समान गायक एक सहस्त्र वर्षो से नहीं हुआ’’ तानसेन का जन्म 1531-32 में ग्वालियर से लगभग 43 किलोमीटर दूर बेहट ग्राम में एक गौड़ ब्राम्हण परिवार में हुआ था। इनका प्रारंभिक नाम त्रिलोचन पांडे था, बाल्यकाल से ही उन्हें संगीत में विशेष अभिरूचि थी। ग्वालियर के नरेश मानसिंह तोमर ने ग्वालियर में एक संगीत शाला स्थापित की थी जो मुगलों द्वारा ग्वालियर पर अधिकार कर लेने के बाद भी कई वर्षो तक विद्यमान रही। तानसेन ने इसी संगीत शाला में संगीत की प्रारंभिक षिक्षा प्राप्त की थी। इन्होंने अपने ताउ बाबा रामदास के गुरू वृन्दावन के तत्कालिन प्रसिद्ध संत गायक बाबा हरिदास से संगीत की शिक्षा प्राप्त की थी इसके अतिरिक्त उन्होंने मोहम्मद गौस से भी गायन विद्या सीखी तथा ईरानी संगीत का भी ज्ञान प्राप्त किया।
MUSIC AND SOCIETY
Authors: Gupta Shuchi
Published: February 2021

The shloka presented in the musical text 'Swar Mel Kalanidhi' indicates the infinity of musical art in creation. Music pervades Indian society from a time when societies were not even fully developed. Mother Goddess Saraswati, the Goddess of knowledge for human welfare, sent this Goddess art to Bhuloka through Narada. Since then, uninterrupted streams of music and society have been continuously flowing at the same pace, seeking shelter from each other. Society is an indispensable and basic structure for a person, under whose shelter he shares his ethics, customs, rituals, beliefs and traditions, etc. In the form of redemption, the society provides protective armor to the person. Through speech and arts, he remains strongly connected to society through expressions. This sequence is going on continuously. When he was in a wild state, he was still a social animal and lived in a herd. Even in the absence of language, by playing hand-foot with gestures and gestures, stones were exchanged in a musical manner by playing stones. Over time, the herds changed into society and musical art also developed. This is to say that the development process of society and music has moved along to the present form.

संगीत ग्रन्थ ‘स्वर मेल कलानिधि‘ में वर्णित प्रस्तुत श्लोक सृष्टि में संगीत कला की अनन्तता को दर्शाता है। भारतीय समाज में संगीत उस समय से व्याप्त है जब समाज पूर्ण रूप से विकसित भी नहीं हुए थे। मानव कल्याण हेतु ज्ञान की देवी माँ सरस्वती ने नारद जी के माध्यम से इस देवी कला को भूलोक में भेजा था। तभी से संगीत एवं समाज रूपी अविरल धाराएं एक-दूसरे से आश्रय पाते हुए निरन्तर समान गति से बह रही है। समाज व्यक्ति के लिए एक अनिवार्य एवं आधारभूत ढांचा है जिसके आश्रय में वह अपने आचार-विचार, रीति-रिवाज, संस्कार, मान्यताएं एवं परम्परराएं आदि सांझा करता है, प्रतिदान स्वरूप समाज व्यक्ति को सुरक्षात्मक कवच प्रदान करता है। वाणी एवं कलाओं के माध्यम से भावभिव्यक्ति द्वारा वह समाज से दृढ़ता से जुड़ा रहता है। यह क्रम यू ही निरन्तर चला आ रहा है। जब वह जंगली अवस्था में था तब भी वह सामाजिक प्राणी था और झुण्डो में रहता था। भाषा के अभाव में भी संकेतों एवं भाव-भंगिमाओं के साथ हस्त-पाद संचालन द्वारा पत्थरों को बजाकर संगीतमय तरीके से भावों का आदान-प्रदान करता था। समय के साथ-साथ झुण्ड समाज में परिवर्तित हो गए और संगीत कला भी विकसित होती गई। कहने का तात्पर्य यह है कि समाज एवं संगीत की विकास प्रक्रिया साथ-साथ चलते हुए वर्तमान स्वरूप तक पहुंची है।
INNOVATION IN MEDIEVAL MUSIC
Authors: Mahobia Usha
Published: February 2021

The tradition of music in India has been going on since ancient times. The early Hindu rulers gave shelter to the musicians in their court, but the staunch Muslim rulers looked at the music with religious sentiments, meaning music is forbidden love according to Islamic rules, but indirectly the sweet voice is also praised in the Quran. The Khalifa himself has praised the sweet gorge, Abumusa Asari used to recite the Quran very sweetly. Thus music remained prohibited despite being prohibited.

भारत वर्ष में संगीत की परम्परा प्राचीन काल से चली आ रही है। प्रारभिंक हिन्दू शासकों ने अपने दरबार में संगीतकारो को आश्रय दिया किन्तु कट्टर मुसलमान शासकों ने संगीत को धार्मिक भावनाओ के कारण हेय दृष्टि से देखा अर्थात् इस्लामी नियमानुसार संगीत प्रेम निषेध है किन्तु अप्रत्यक्ष रूप से कुरान में भी मीठी आवाज की प्रशंसा की गई है। स्वयं खलीफा ने मधुर कण्ठ की तारीफ की है, अबूमूसा असारी कुरान का पाठ बडे ही मधुर स्वर में किया करता था । इस प्रकार संगीत निषिद्ध होते हुये भी प्रशंसा का पात्र बना रहा ।
ROLE OF ELECTRONIC PLAYERS IN MUSIC TRAINING AND PERFORMANCE
Authors: Kumar Praveen
Published: February 2021

Music has got a huge support for both experimentation and education with electronic music devices. While motivating the artist towards impeccable presentation in steady tone and rhythm. At the same time, in the initial years, the students of music help in creating an accurate understanding of the rhythm of the music. Electronic instruments unaffected by any natural change are always harmonized. These instruments, played automatically by just pressing the button, allow the student and the artist to rejoice at any place, at any time, for the desired duration, with the same consistency.

इलेक्ट्रानिक संगीत उपकरणों से संगीत को प्रयोग और षिक्षण दोनों के लिये ही एक बहुत बड़ा सहारा मिल गया है। एक ओर जहां कलाकार को स्थिर सुर और ताल में त्रुटिहीन प्रस्तुति की ओर प्रेरित करते है। वहीं कठिन आरम्भिक वर्षों में संगीत के विद्यार्थी को सुर लय आदि की सटीक समझ पैदा करने में मदद करते हैं। किसी भी प्राकृतिक परिवर्तन से अप्रभावित इलेक्ट्रानिक वाद्य सदैव सुरीले रहते हैं। सिर्फ बटन दबाते ही स्वतः चलने वाले ये वाद्य विद्यार्थी और कलाकार को किसी भी स्थान पर, किसी भी समय, मनचाही अवधि तक निरन्तर एक सी संगति के साथ रियाज करने का मौका देते हैं।
MUSIC AND SOCIETY
Authors: Saxena Seema
Published: February 2021

The basic principle of nature is that Manushya determined the support of society for his natural needs, he had to create a society or go to the shelter of society to escape from his share of happiness and practical force and insecurity. In childhood, puberty, old age, or it should be said that at every stage of life, the need of society is natural to man. If the society is a mother, then the person is her child. Continuing on the path of progress from the initial stage of development, he started creating his own needs and this became the origin of the art of creation.

प्रकृति का मूल सिद्वान्त है कि मनूष्य ने अपनी नैसेर्गिक आवष्यकताओं के लिये समाज के अवलम्ब को अवधारित किया उसे अपने सुखःदुख की हिस्सेदारी एवं व्यवहारिक बल व असुरक्षा से बचकर के लिये समाज की सृष्टि करनी पड़ी अथवा समाज की शरण में जाना पड़ा। बाल्यकाल, युवावस्था, वृद्वावस्था, अथवा यह कहा जाये कि जीवन के प्रत्येक चरण में मनुष्य को समाज की आवष्यकता नैसर्गिक होती है। समाज यदि जननी है तो व्यक्ति उसका बालक। विकास की प्रारंभिक अवस्था से निरन्तर प्रगति पथ पर बढ़ते हुऐ उसने अपनी आवष्यकताओं के रूप सृजन करना आरंभ किया और-यही सृजन कलाओं का उद्गम स्थल बना।
RAJASTHANI FOLK MUSIC IMPACT ON SOCIETY
Authors: Jain Nisha
Published: February 2021

Rajasthan has always been a subject of curiosity for tourists, musicians, craftspeople etc. due to the originality of its civilization and culture in the states of India. The culture of Rajasthan is unique at all times for food, clothing, dance, music and folk songs. The treasury of regional living, food and folk songs is hidden in the cultural culture flourishing in Rajasthan. The rituals here are the center of attraction for women living in the way of living, dress, bright colors, Teej festivals, fairs, festivals, and the men and sarongs that are tied on the head. Rajasthani folk music is sung and played on all special occasions. The dance dramas in Rajasthani songs in the same colorful costumes captivate the minds of the audience.

भारत के प्रदेषों में राजस्थान अपनी सभ्यता एवं संस्कृति की मौलिकता के कारण सर्वदा से पर्यटक, संगीतकार, षिल्पकार आदि के लिए कौतूहल का विषय रहा है। राजस्थान की संस्कृति खान-पान, वेषभूषा, नृत्य, संगीत एवं लोक गीतों के लिए प्रत्येक समय में विषिष्ट बनी हुई है। राजस्थान में पल्लवित लोक संस्कृति में क्षेत्रीय रहन-सहन, खान-पान व लोकगीतों का खजाना छिपा हुआ है। यहाँ के रीति-रिवाज रहन-सहन, वेषभूषा, चटकीले रंग, तीज त्यौहार, मेले, पर्व में पहनावा तथा सिर पर साफे बंधे हुए पुरूष एवं घेरदार लहँगे में महिला षहरवासियों के आकर्षण का केन्द्र होती है। राजस्थानी लोक संगीत सभी विषिष्ट अवसरों पर गाए एवं बजाये जाते हैं। राजस्थानी गीतों पर वहीं की रंगीन वेषभूषा में नृत्य नाटिकाएँ दर्षकों का मन मोह लेती हैं।
INDIAN CULTURAL HERITAGE - RAJASTHANI FOLK MUSIC
Authors: Kale Malini
Published: February 2021

Indian music is the foundation of music. Indian lifestyle is inspired by music itself. With the creation of the universe, there is no page of human scripture that is void of music. As soon as he was born, the music that he heard was composed in his heart for life, and eventually he remained very close to the end of this music. This music is a form of protection of human body.

भारतीय संगीत का मूलाधार संगीत है। संगीत से ही भारतीय जीवन शैली अनुप्रेरित है। सृष्टि के निर्माण से मानव के ग्रंथ का कोई भी पृष्ठ ऐसा नहीं है जो संगीत से शून्य हो। जन्म लेते ही जो गीत सुने उसका संगीत जीवन पर्यन्त रग रग में रचता गया और अन्ततः इसी संगीत के अंतिम काल तक उसका सान्निध्य रहा। यह संगीत मानव शरीर की सŸाा का स्वरूप है।
HINDI GEETI - INTERACTION AND INNOVATION OF POETRY AND MUSIC
Authors: Solanki Pratibha
Published: February 2021

Both music and literature are important means of expressing human emotions. With the coordination of both, the supernatural beauty is the creation of rain, which gives the human mind the realization of Sachchidananda and realization of Satyam-Shivam-Sundaram. According to the Varahapanishad, music is the perfect song, Bhagavata Purana refers to singing presented with dance and musical instruments and the goal of music is to provide pleasure. The same purpose is also for literature. Literature provides syllable Brahma and Shabda Brahma and music with Nadabrahm and Talbrahm. Both literature and music are closely related. Goddess Saraswati, the master of learning, has a veena in one hand and a book in the other. The policy of fraternity states

संगीत और साहित्य दोनों ही मनुष्य के भावों को व्यक्त करने के महत्वपूर्ण माध्यम है। दोनों के समन्वय से अलौकिक सौंदर्य सृष्टि-वृष्टि होती है जो मानव मन को सच्चिदानंद की अनुभूति और सत्यम्-षिवम्-सुंदरम् की प्रतीति कराती है। वाराहोपनिषद के अनुसार संगीत सम्यक गीत है, भागवत पुराण नृत्य तथा वाद्य यंत्रों के साथ प्रस्तुत गायन को संगीत कहता है तथा संगीत का लक्ष्य आनंद प्रदान करना मानता है। यही उद्देष्य साहित्य का भी होता है। साहित्य अक्षर ब्रह्म और षब्द ब्रह्म से साक्षात कराता है तो संगीत नादब्रह्म और तालब्रह्म से। साहित्य और संगीत दोनों का साथ चोली-दामन का सा है। विद्या की अधिष्ठात्री देवी सरस्वती के एक हाथ में वीणा है तो दूसरे में पुस्तक भी है। भर्तृहरिकृत नीति-षतकम् में कहा गया है
HISTORY OF INNOVATION IN THE PRESENTATION OF SITAR (WITH REFERENCE TO ETAWAH AND MAIHAR GHARANA)
Authors: Thakur Harshvardhan , Dubey Rupashree
Published: February 2021

Various Vedic period music texts such as Rigveda, Samveda, Shakhayana Brahmin, Shatapatha Brahmin etc. Apart from Ramayana, Mahabharata, the Lankar Purana tradition and the Natasha language of Bharata and Abhinav Bharati, Sangeet Ratnakar etc. Get a description of. Later, in the texts of music Damadar, Aine Akbari, Raga Vibandh, Sangeet Parijat, Radhagavind Sangeet Saar etc., four types of instruments are also found in the medieval and 19th century texts. It is noteworthy that the mention of veena is found in the above texts, from which it can be said that since ancient times the veena instrument has played an important place in Indian music. The proof of the consistency of singing till the middle ages in India is evident based on the material presented in the texts like Sangeet Ratnakar, Chaturdandi Prakasika, Sangeet Parijat etc. Even after following the vocals, they have maintained their separate independent existence in instrumental playing. This is the reason that the practice of free speech started taking shape in the instruments of the 18th century Vichitra Veena, Rudra Veena, Sur-Bahar, Sursingar, Sitar etc. Later, the sitar defeated all the instruments and gained a prominent position and earned an immense reputation as a soloist playing solo. In these years of travel, not only the ancient form of the sitar instrument has changed, but its speech has also seen substantial changes.

विभिन्न वैदिक कालीन संगीत ग्रंथ¨ं यथा ऋग्वेद, सामवेद, षाखायण ब्राह्मण, षतपथ ब्राह्मण आदि के अलावा रामायण, महाभारत से ल्¨कर पुराण परंपरा तथा भरत के नाट््य षाó एवं अभिनव भारती, संगीत रत्नाकर आदि समस्त ग्रंथ¨ं में तंत्र्ाी वाद्य¨ं का वर्णन मिलता है। आगे चलकर संगीत दाम¨दर, आइने अकबरी, राग विब¨ध, संगीत पारिजात, राधाग¨विंद संगीत सार आदि, मध्यकालीन एवं 19वीं षती के ग्रंथ¨ं में भी चार प्रकार के वाद्य¨ं का वर्णन मिलता है। उल्ल्¨खनीय है कि उपर¨क्त ग्रंथ¨ं में वीणा का उल्ल्¨ख पाया जाता है जिससे यह कहा जा सकता है कि प्राचीनकाल से ही वीणा वाद्य का भारतीय संगीत में महत्वपूर्ण स्थान रहा है। भारत वर्ष में मध्य युग तक गायन की संगति का प्रमाण संगीत रत्नाकर, चतुर्दण्डी प्रकाषिका, संगीत पारिजात आदि ग्रंथ¨ं में प्रस्तुत सामग्री के आधार पर स्पष्ट ह¨ जाता है। कंठ का अनुगमन करने के बाद भी वाद्य वादन में अपना अलग स्वतंत्र्ा अस्तित्व भी बनाये रखा है। यही कारण है कि 18वीं षताब्दी की विचित्र्ा वीणा, रुद्र वीणा, सुर-बहार, सुरसिंगार, सितार आदि वाद्य¨ं में स्वतंत्र्ा वादन की प्रथा अपना आकार ल्¨ने लगी। आगे चलकर सभी वाद्य¨ं क¨ पछाड़ते हुए सितार ने एक प्रमुख स्थान प्राप्त किया अ©र एकल वादन में बजाए जाने वाल्¨ वाद्य के रूप में अपार प्रतिष्ठा अर्जित की। इन द¨ स© वषर्¨ं की यात्र्ाा में सितार वाद्य का ना केवल प्राचीन स्वरूप ही बदला वरन उसकी वादन ष्©ली में भी पर्याप्त रूप से परिवर्तन दृष्टिग¨चर ह¨ते हैं।
NEED TO CHANGE MUSIC COURSES ACCORDING TO THE CURRENT TIME
Authors: Moghe Anoop
Published: February 2021

Musical art has special significance in Indian arts. Like other arts, musical art does not imitate mental perception, rather it is an imitation of one's own will and this act of realizing it is its shadow. This is the reason for the strong influence of music that it itself expresses the real element. Musical art does not express any particular limited joy, sorrow, suffering, fear, peace or happiness, but it gives expression to their common and universal nature. Music fills devotional feelings in our soul.

भारतीय कलाओं में संगीत कला का विशेष महत्व है। संगीत कला अन्य कलाओं की तरह मानसिक बोध कराने की अनुकृति नहीं करती, बल्कि वह स्वयं की इच्छा की अनुकृति है और यह बोध कराने की क्रिया इसी की छाया है। संगीत के सशक्त प्रभाव का यही कारण है कि वह स्वयं असली तत्व की अभिव्यक्ति करता है। संगीत कला किसी विशेष सीमित आनन्द, दुःख, पीड़ा, भय, शांति या प्रसन्नता के व्यक्त नहीं करती बल्कि वह इनके सामान्य और सार्वभौमिक स्वरूप को अभिव्यक्ति देती है। संगीत हमारी आत्मा में भक्तिमय अनुभूतियां भर देता है।
ROLE OF COMMUNICATION TOOLS IN THE PROMOTION OF MUSIC
Authors: Rao Neeraj
Published: February 2021

Music has been a means of entertainment and fun for human beings since time immemorial. Since ancient times, humans have used various types of means for their entertainment, as the human developed his civilization, his understanding and understanding attracted him to dance, singing and playing. Humans learned music by understanding civilization and culture while harmonizing themselves with nature. It is also mentioned in our mythological texts that, seeing the singing posture of Maa Parvati, Lord Shankar composed five ragas Hindol, Deepak, Shree, Megha, Kaushik etc., and the origin of music of Lord Shiva's Tandava and Mother Parvati. The target assumed dance. In this way the rhythm of the "Ta" of the Tandava, and "L" of Lasya were formed by these two words.

मनुष्य को आदिकाल से ही संगीत मनोरंजन एवं आमोद-प्रमोद का साधन रहा है। आदिकाल से ही मानव ने अपने मनोरंजन के साधन के लिये विभिन्न प्रकार के प्रयोग किये जैसे-जैसे मानव अपनी सभ्यता का विकास करता गया वैसे-वैसे उसकी समझ और सूझ-बूझ ने नृत्य, गायन और वादन की ओर आकर्षित किया। मानव ने सभ्यता और संस्कृति को समझकर अपने को प्रकृति के साथ तालमेल करते हुए संगीत को सीखा। हमारे पौराणिक ग्रंथों में भी इस बात का उल्लेख है कि माँ पार्वती की गायन मुद्रा को देखकर भगवान षंकर ने क्रमषः पाँच राग हिंडोल, दीपक, श्री, मेघ, कौषिक आदि रागों की रचना की एवं संगीत की उत्पत्ति भगवान षिव के ताण्डव तथा माता पार्वती के लक्ष्य नृत्य से मानी गई। इस प्रकार ताण्डव के ‘‘ता’’’, और लस्य के ‘‘ल‘‘ इन दो षब्दों से ताल का निर्माण हुआ।
TRANSITION OF STAGE TECHNIQUES FROM SHAKESPEAREAN TO MODERN AGE
Authors: Sharma Neha
Published: February 2021

There are several techniques employed in presenting any art form. Stage is one of the most important element among these technique. It is the medium where one can show the talent and skills in front of audience. A place where selection, designing, adaptation and modification of any performance takes place is called stage. The stages used from ancient to modern age are the symbols of inheriting art and tradition of a generation to another generations. It can also be said that the visual detailing of any play, drama or art form can be technically performed on stage.
Book review: Effective Management Control; Theory and practice by Flamholtz & Eric G.
Authors: Asdullah Muhammad Ashar , Yazdifar Hassan
Published: February 2021

Effective Management Control sheds light on relatively misunderstood and neglected aspect of organizational effectiveness. It critically analyzes the process of controlling people’s behaviour in any organization. The issue of the design of an optimal control system and organizational control is considered to be significant for an organization’s long-term effectiveness.
Self-Regulated Learning in Practice
Authors: Garrison Dr. Kasey L. , Spruce Dr. Robin S.
Published: February 2021

In the United States, educators have the opportunity to apply for National Board Certification (NBC), a rigorous process that awards them the highest recognition of teacher mastery and accomplishment in the nation. A core proposition of NBC, the management and monitoring of student learning, is strongly related to self-regulated learning (SRL) and the role of the teacher librarian (TL). This research investigates the differences and similarities between the application of SRL strategies in the teaching of two groups of TLs in the US: five with NBC and five without NBC. Using interviews and teaching observations, researchers found similar practice of SRL strategies by both groups in their teaching. However, in the interviews, the TLs with NBC were better able to articulate and provide context for how they teach students SRL strategies. These findings support research from other scholars regarding NBC (Johnson, 2009; Strong et al., 2007; Unrath, 2007).
Mind the gap: School Librarians’ Anticipated and Preferred Professional Development Methods for Integration of Digital Textbooks
Authors: Kang Ji Hei
Published: February 2021

While the mandate to adopt digital textbooks in the U.S. state of Florida is looming for the next school year, there has been few discussion about how to provide professional development for school librarians who will be expected to play a leadership role. This study identifies both preferred and anticipated methods of professional development of Florida school librarians and the gap between them. It has been found that school librarians wish to initiate their training with other colleagues through workshops and study groups, which will enable them to discuss digital textbooks, and build networks with respect to the new technology. The anticipated way, however, reflects the environment of solo librarians. In conclusion, this study urges that professional development that will enlarge their viewpoint and enhance their awareness of the need for methods of implementation of digital textbooks, is urgently required.
Educational activities of the School Library of the School Teaching Centre of Basic Education of UFMG
Authors: Rodrigues da Mata Flávia , Paiva Raquel
Published: February 2021

Working in a school library requires a professional who combines his library science técnias with knowledge of Education. From the premise that the library is no longer an accumulation of space but now a place of dissemination of knowledge, its performance changes, is increased. Thus, in 2013, the School Teaching Centre of Basic Education Library was called to offer one GTD – WGD - Working Group Differential - for students of the second cycle of human development. The GTD is a present discipline in the curriculum of Teaching Centre. The overall objective of GTD "storytelling" was to interest students of the second cycle of human training to become storytellers. The search activity to the dictionary, with a view to enriching the vocabulary, was called "The Word is". The librarian working together with teachers demonstrates the importance of this partnership and the good achieved consequences.
How the image drawing method can act as an alternative barometer of librarian instruction
Authors: Okada Daisuk
Published: February 2021

Previously, I examined changes in pictures of school libraries drawn over time by university students in a teacher training program taking a course on the importance of school libraries. The results revealed an increased tendency to depict librarians; even so, librarians featured in only 12 of 32 pictures. This study compares my results with those for similar teacher and teacher librarian courses by other teachers and (in most cases) at other universities. Besides my course, only 1 of 15 other courses revealed an increased tendency to draw a librarian, with no significant differences in proportion of students who depicted librarians among the courses, revealing that my lectures successfully communicated the importance of school librarians. Also, 4 of 11 courses that focused on information media revealed an increased to draw PC(s). These results show that the image drawing method may suffice as an alternative barometer for librarian instruction.
Accepting the 'Other': Immigrants in Israeli children's literature
Authors: Yitzhaki Moshe
Published: February 2021

Israel is known as a typical immigration country, to which millions of people have immigrated throughout the last 130 years. The various problems encountered by immigrants in a new country, regardless of its geographical location, have been documented in detail by sociologists and anthropologists as well as by writers of novels and children's books. Inevitably, there are considerable social, economic, cultural, and sometimes religious differences between the immigrants and veteran residents. Much of the new-comer's resources are devoted to overcoming these difficulties.

Admittedly, a negative attitude towards new-comers has probably been a natural human reaction, especially if the latter differ in color, culture, customs and life habits. The incoming stranger is perceived as a threat to the existing society, its cohesion, values and hierarchy. When these differences couple with fears of competition over jobs, housing etc., the negative attitude, intensifies, and may lead to alienation, derision, rejection, and sometimes even to aggression and violence (Regev, 1990). However, in the special case of Israel certain unique factors were supposed to counter these natural human emotions. Many Israelis view the last century's immigration to the Holy Land not merely as a migration of people, but as the fulfillment of an ancient biblical prophecy, a crucial step towards the ultimate redemption. Thus, the successful absorption of immigrants in the Holy Land is also considered a religious duty, besides serving to strengthen the young country.

An existing population of 600,000 in 1948 had to absorb millions of immigrants, whose absorption often involved economical, sociological and psychological problems, resulting of mentality and culture gaps.The huge immigrants waves following statehood exposed a discrepancy between the official government policy which considered immigration the most important national task, and the indifference of many people.

In the course of the mass immigration those responsible for their absorption developed negative stereotypes and a patronizing attitude, considering the new-comers inferior in culture, needing to discard their former tradition and customs, and adapt the surrounding culture. Ignoring immigrants different sociological and cultural background, the absorbers decided to determine their new value system and to reeducate them. The worst psychological problem for immigrants from developing countries was the disintegration of the traditional patriarchal-family framework, and the confrontation with modern competitive reality (Naor M & Giladi D, 1990).
A librarian in the Classroom
Authors: Drejstam Liselott
Published: February 2021

In Linköping there is an ongoing investment in staffed school libraries, so-called focus libraries. Focus libraries has three aims: to be an integrated part of the school, to promote reading and develop students' information literacy. At Hjulsbroskolan the librarian cooperates with teachers in the classroom to implement these aims. The work to develop student’s information literacy starts in preschool class. The development continues the coming years in close collaboration with teachers. The librarian devotes most of her time in the classroom with the teachers to plan, implement and evaluate the area of work and assess the students' efforts. This way, there has been an increased student learning. This is shown in the results of the national tests, regarding the issues of source criticism. A dedicated and structured teaching in information retrieval and source evaluation, implemented by teacher and librarian in cooperation, leads to increased achievement for students.
Battle of the Books
Authors: Wardrip Michelle
Published: February 2021

Most of my teaching career has been spent in American schools, most recently as a Teacher-Librarian at an English-Spanish elementary school. My international teaching career began in Qatar in August of 2012, when I started my new job as a Teacher-Librarian at a private K-12 school. My first year was spent rearranging the library’s collection and getting a feel for the school, its students and staff. By the end of the second term of the first year, I realized that the most important aspect of my job as a school librarian was going to be improving the literacy skills of my students. How to do this was my next problem and I immediately thought of the Battle of the Books (BOB) Program. My school district in Oregon had used it in seventeen elementary schools, both regular and bilingual. This was exactly what I needed because I was currently teaching in a bilingual school (English/Arabic). I went about getting support from my primary and secondary school teachers and administration. Once I had the support in place, I needed to take a closer look at how we had run the BOB Program in Oregon and then adapt it to my current situation. The things that I needed to consider in order to make the BOB Program a success were the following:1. Deciding which year levels would participate for the Primary and Secondary Divisions2. Selecting the reading levels for each division3. Deciding the number of books for each division to read4. Selecting the right books for the each division5. Making a Timeline6. Deciding the format of the questions7. Writing the questions8. Setting up the tournament9. Using Guest Readers during the tournament for each division10. Rewards for the winning teams of both divisions
KAJIAN PERUBAHAN LAHAN MENJADI PERMUKIMAN DAN KARAKTERISTIKNYA DI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI (DAS) CILIWUNG BAGIAN HILIR
Authors: Aslinda Nindy , Syartinilia .
Published: February 2021

Ciliwung Watershed is one of watershed that across the Jakarta capital region. Ciliwung Watershed is categorized as super-priority watershed in Indonesia. The study was conducted in downstream of Ciliwung Watershed in Jakarta. This study aimed to analyze land cover changes from greenery open space to build up area in period of 1993-2013 and to analyze the distribution of settlement and its characteristics in the downstream of Ciliwung Watershed. LANDSAT images data of 1993 and 2013 were classified using supervised classification method to produce land cover map. The results of the map are analyzed spatially and descriptively to determine the changes. The greenery open space have changed into built up area about 70.07% during 20 years in the downstream of Ciliwung watershed. While, the settlement is dominated by the unplanned settlement (87.23%). Meanwhile, the settlements were dominated by unplanned settlements (87.23%) which characterized by linier settlement patterns, very lage size of settlement, low to medium building density, and good condition of insfrastructure. Five recommendations have provided for landscape managing of settlement in downstream of Ciliwung Watershed.
Preferensi Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas terhadap Pencarian Informasi Keamanan Pangan Jajanan Anak Sekolah di Jakarta
Authors:   Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor, Uli Intan Sari Sinaga Martha , P. Rahayu Winiati ,   Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor, Kamayanti Latifa Yanti ,   Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia
Published: February 2021

School snack food (SSF) needs to be a priority of food safety guarantees because the consumption of SSF concerns the quality of the young generation. The method of delivering information on SSF safety is an effective way to increase awareness of food safety. This study aimed to explore the preferences of high school students for the search for food safety information. The survey was conducted to 100 SMA and MA students in DKI Jakarta; the results were processed by SPSS program using chi-square analysis. The survey results showed that 60% of students liked information from online media. Fifty percent of respondents considered the source of information as the primary consideration, and 46% believed the government was a trusted source. SMA students prioritized information sources, while MA students prioritized sources and the title of information, which were positively correlated (p<0.05) with the infographic elements. Female students liked social networking and trusted the government and family. The male students preferred online media and trusted the government, family, and peers who are positively correlated with the type of media and trusted parties. The higher the level of parent’s education, the more knowledge about the development of information technology which is positively correlated with the choice of media types for students.
Perubahan Karakteristik Fisik Model Minuman Biji Chia Akibat Proses Pemanasan, Perubahan pH, Penambahan Gula dan Garam
Authors:   Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor, Kusnandar Feri , Safari Asep ,   Program Studi Magister Teknologi Pangan, Sekolah Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor, Syamsir Elvira ,   Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor
Published: February 2021

Chia seed is rich in protein, lipid, and carbohydrates as well as bioactive compounds such as phenol. The outer layer of chia seed is made of insoluble polysaccharide (mucilage) which is able to absorb water. For this reason, chia seed is potentially used as a functional ingredient in beverages. This study aimed to evaluate the changes of physical characteristics of chia seeds in beverage models (water absorption capacity or WAC and capsule thickness of chia seeds, and viscosity of beverage model) as the effect of heating temperatures (70, 90oC) and heating times (1, 2 hours), pH changes (3, 5, 7), the addition of sugar (0, 15%) and salts (1% KCl and 1% CaCl2) at 3% and 5% chia seeds. The results showed that the pH of the beverage models affected the WAC, viscosity and capsule thickness. The higher the pH, the greater the WAC, viscosity, and capsule thickness. Sugar concentration and heating time did not affect the physical charac-teristics of chia seeds, whereas the heating temperature only showed a significant effect at pH 3. Addition of CaCl2 1% caused the increase of WAC for approximately twice compared to that of KCl 1%.
Profil Sensori Sediaan Pemanis dengan Metode Rate-All-That-Apply (RATA)
Authors:   Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor, Robiatul Adawiyah Dede , Mellyana Tjiptoputri Olivia , Lince Lince ,   Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor,   PT. Nutrifood Indonesia, Bogor
Published: February 2021

Sweetener is food additive consisting of natural sweetener and artificial sweetener which give sweet sensation to food products. Table-top sweeteners are sought due to its advantages in comparison to sugar, which is giving off sweet sensation in food with no or low calorie. This is proven useful for people who suffer from illnesses, such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, and sensitive tooth. This need should be supported by development of table-top sweeteners to satisfy consumer preferences. Rate-All-That-Apply (RATA) is a consumer based test developed from Check-All-That-Apply (CATA). The objective of this research is to study sensory profiles of various table-top sweeteners based on diabetic and non-diabetic consumer and its intensity, as well as identifying attributes which determines consumer preference. There were six table-top sweeteners used in this study with three group of panelists based on their medical history. The research result revealed that sweetener A was identic to the attribute cooling, sweet aftertaste, sweet, body thickness, licorice, and mouth drying. Sweetener C and F were identic to the attribute metallic aftertaste, bitter aftertaste, bitter, and metallic. Diabetics give the most hedonic score above the average value to Sweetener A, B, and D. Non-diabetics with a heredity of diabetes give the most hedonic score above the average value to Sweetener B. Non-diabetics without a heredity of diabetes give the most hedonic score above the average value to Sweetener D and E. Generally, consumer could not identify attributes which determines their preference, however they could define unwanted attributes in table-top sweeteners, which are bitter, bitter aftertaste, metallic, metallic aftertaste, and mouth drying.
Tiflotecnologías para el alumnado con discapacidad visual
Authors: Zamora López Pilar , Marín Perabá Cristina
Published: February 2021

Con este trabajo se pretende dar a conocer el significado de discapacidad visual, la educación inclusiva y los recursos tiflotecnológicos. Se destaca el papel que desempeñan los recursos materiales especiales, tecnológicos y tiflotecnológicos en la sociedad educativa actual. Puesto que no existe a día de hoy dos individuos con características, intereses o habilidades semejantes, la escuela ordinaria debe ser capaz de dotarse de métodos, recursos y estrategias para adaptar el centro a la realidad del alumno, respetando sus ritmos de aprendizaje, así como la realidad individual de cada uno, garantizando de esta forma una formación en todos los ámbitos del desarrollo humano, favoreciendo la igualdad de oportunidades.