bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
General theory of migration through the prism of interdisciplinary researches
Authors:   International Institute of Education, Culture and relations with Diaspora Lviv Polytechnic National University, Hnatiuk Volodymyr
Published: January 2023

The article examines the problem of complexity within the framework of migration theory and consequences of interdisciplinary interaction between different humanities from a conceptual level. The relevance of the issue lies in the fact that the very concept of „general theory of migration” is a connotative matrix that combines and structures additional semantic loads in the process of collision of different areas of research, and, consequently, problematizes the dimension of analysis, taking into account certain variations that a scholar chooses as the focus of his attention. During the search for such „points of contact”, it was possible to identify convergent „bridges” of relevant interaction to define a coherent theoretical framework for the study of the phenomenon. As a result, the purpose of the article is to demonstrate how the views of researchers from eight areas of analysis of the migration topic have evolved on the way to the current established approach – interdisciplinary, which has become the basis for the identification of a „general theory” in scientific discourse. Particular attention is paid to the aspect of differences in the objects of study over the last decades, which contributed to the construction of a relatively unified scheme based on four criteria of analysis, in particular „research question”, „level of analysis”, „dominant theory” and „hypothesis model”. The article examines the essence of the conceptual difference in the definition of „migration” among scientists of various fields of knowledge, which, according to the author, has become a factor of interdisciplinary rapprochement and interaction. In order to achieve the goal of the research, tools such as historiographical (literature review method) and eclectic, that accumulated positivist and interpretive approaches, were used by the author. The key conclusion was the case of the current state of interdisciplinary cooperation between scientists regarding migration as a topic from eight humanitarian fields of knowledge. It is argued that the formation and conventional acceptance of the „general theory of migration” has already taken place among scholars, but at the same time has opened up new perspectives for migration studies that have been less popular or not studied at all. The actual directions of interdisciplinary research, in the opinion of the author, are determined. It is emphasized that the optimal form of implementation of the latter is international comparative projects. Attention is paid to ways of solving practical migration problems. It is indicated that politicians also implement this matrix in order to understand various problems better and in more detail, which is especially necessary and important from a practical point of view against the background of the escalation of events in 2022, when a large-scale Russian-Ukrainian war began.
Effect of the implementation of Ritual Worship and School’s Organizational Culture on Students’ Learning Outcomes of SD Metta Maitreya Pekanbaru
Authors: Rosa Ria
Published: January 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of the implementation of worship and organizational’s culture on students’ results at SD Metta Maitreya Pekanbaru. The research method used was a survey with correlation and regression analysis. The population in this study were all students of SD Metta Maitreya Pekanbaru, while the sample was taken from 146 elementary school students in grades 4, 5 and 6. Data collection was carried out by filling in the research instrument and from the value of the report card. Data analysis used descriptive statistics, Pearson's multiple correlation, determinant coefficient and regression analysis. The results of the analysis showed that there were effects of the implementation of ritual worship and organizational culture on students’ results at SD Metta Maitreya Pekanbaru. It can be seen from the test results of the coefficient of determination (R Square) of 0,083 or 8,3% variance worship and organizational culture that can be explained through learning outcome.
Buddhist Culture of Contemporary West Bengal (Reflections on the Bengali-speaking Buddhists)
Authors: Barman Rup Kumar
Published: January 2023

Since the inception of Buddhism, the people of Bengal have maintained a very close relationship with Buddhist ideologies. In fact, Bengal appeared as a dominant center of Buddhist culture in the early medieval period (sixth to twelfth century CE) both for its institutional flavour as well as for state- sponsorship. However, with the fall of royal patronage and the conversion of the Buddhists to other religious faiths, Buddhism gradually lost its prominence in Bengal. It was during the colonial period (1757 to 1947 CE), Buddhism again started reviving in different corners of Bengal principally in the early twentieth century. However, the ‘Partition of Bengal Province (in 1947) appeared as a serious setback for the fate of Buddhism in this region. The East Bengali Buddhists had started a new episode of the struggle for survival in India more precisely in West Bengal as ‘refugees’ or as ‘asylum seekers. After their migration to West Bengal, the Bengali-speaking Buddhists have aspired to build up several Viharas (monasteries), Sanghasrams (spiritual hermitage), temples, and institutions in Kolkata, Sub-Himalayan Bengal, and certain other districts of West Bengal. They have preserved and maintained the Buddhist socio-cultural traditions that they have inherited from the southeastern corner of former East Bengal. This paper highlights all these aspects of the Buddhist culture of West Bengal with a fresh outlook.
Research on the Archaeoacoustic Simulation of Daxiong Main Halls in Chinese Buddhist Temples Through Comsol Tool
Authors: Ziqing Tang , Fenghua Lu
Published: January 2023

The acoustic analysis plays an irreplaceable role in obtaining information on Chinese Buddhist main halls tradition and relative practice that includes sound, deepening our comprehension of Chinese Buddhist architectural heritage. Various ceremonies and dojos constitute rich types of Buddhist main halls’ sound fields. In this paper, the indoor sound fields of four main halls in the Buddhist temples are researched and compared. This paper used Sketchup to build the models and simulate sound fields when conducting ceremonies and dojos using Comsol Multiphysics software. The four main halls are Chongshan temple main hall, Xiantong temple main hall, Shuxiang temple Manjusri hall and Bodhisattva Top main hall, which are located in separately four temples of Shanxi Wutai mountain in China. Targeting three acoustic parameters including the reverberation time(RT), the first ray arrival time(Re1first) and surface sound pressure level(SPL) distribution, we simulated the acoustic effect of the space occupancy, Buddha realm space and worship space, indicating that the acoustic wave diffusion rate was positively correlated with proportion of hall height to depth, while the first arrival time is exactly the opposite. The largest RT at 2000Hz(about 1.3s)in the shortest period for 500Hz voice was observed in the main hall of Pusa Peak, while T60 even reached 4s in Xiantong temple main hall. The acoustic wave transmission rate was positively correlated with proportion of hall’s height to depth, but the first ray arrival time was the opposite. The main hall of Pusa Peak had the shortest (0.0150s) first ray arrival time，the Shuxiang temple main hall had the longest time(0.0381s). In all the cases, appearing of the "sound shadow area" of the surface SPL distribution and the uneven sound energy distribution showed pillars in the middle space exerting significant impact on the acoustics of the Daxiong main hall.
Tek Yıllık Yabani Nohut Genotiplerinin Agronomik ve Morfolojik Özelliklerinin Biplot Analiz Yöntemi ile Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: BAŞDEMİR Fatma , İPEKEŞEN Sibel , TUNÇ Murat , TURAN Leyla , KAHRAMAN Abdullah , BİCER Behiye
Published: January 2023

Bu çalışmada yıllık cicer yabani genotipleri ile kültür nohutlarının bitki boyu, kök uzunluğu, gövde kuru ağırlığı, kök kuru ağırlığı, nodül sayısı ve nodül yaş ağırlığı özellikleri açısından ilişkileri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Denemede 6 adet C. echinospermum, 20 adet C. reticulatum ve 2 adet kültür nohutu kullanılmıştır. Deneme 2018 ve 2019 yıllarında Dicle Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesinde yağmur korunaklı sulama kontrollü yarı açık alanda saksı denemesi şeklinde yürütülmüştür. İncelenen özellikler bakımından yabani genotip ve kültür nohutlarında geniş varyasyon saptanmıştır. İncelenen özellikler ve genotipler arasındaki ilişkiler biplot analiz ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. 2018 yılı Scatter biplot yöntemi ile yapılan analizde PC1 (1. ana bileşen) %44.53, PC2 (2. ana bileşen) %28.49, toplamda varyasyonun %73.02’sini oluşturmuştur. 2019 yılı Scatter biplot yöntemi ile yapılan analizde PC1 (1. ana bileşen) %57.92, PC2 (2. ana bileşen) %32.40, toplamda varyasyonun %90.32’sini oluşturmuştur. Yabani genotip ve kültür nohutlarının incelediğimiz morfolojik özellikler ile ilişkilerinde yabani genotiplerin daha yakın ilişki gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar kültürü yapılan nohut çeşitlerindeki genetik daralmayı genişletmek ve zenginleştirmek için ıslah programlarında yabani genotiplerin değerlendirilebileceğini göstermiştir.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Science Technology Society Berbasis Multiple Representation-Semiotic Resources Materi Pencemaran Lingkungan di SMP
Authors: Pertiwi Made Gita Indah , Poluakan Cosmas
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Science Technology Society (STS) berbasis Multiple Representation-Semiotic Resources (MR-SR) terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada materi pencemaran lingkungan di SMP Negeri 1 Dumoga di era covid-19. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah true experimental – pretest posttest control group design dengan sampel kelas VII-A sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VII-C sebagai kelas kontrol yang masing-masing terdiri dari 15 siswa. Data hasil penelitian menunjukan rata-rata nilai pretest kelas eksperimen yaitu 66,33 dan rata-rata nilai posttest kelas eksperimen yaitu 81,66 sedangkan rata-rata nilai pretest kelas kontrol yaitu 58 dan rata-rata nilai posttest kelas kontrol yaitu 71,33. Data analisis dengan menggunakan statistik uji-t dengan nilai thitung 5,936 dan nilai ttabel 2,048 pada α=5%. Berdasarkan pada kriteria penerimaan Ha yaitu thitung>ttabel, maka H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Kesimpulannya terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran STS berbasis MR-SR terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada materi pencemaran lingkungan di SMP Negeri 1 Dumoga di era covid-19.
Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa SMP Menggunakan Teknik Provokasi Pada Materi Pemanasan Global Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning
Authors: Wijaya I Made Era , Harahap Fransiska
Published: January 2023

Kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa saat ini yang tergolong rendah disebabkan oleh pembelajaran IPA yang masih sedikit menstimulasi ke arah peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa. Siswa lebih banyak dalam posisi penerima informasi dan kurang aktif dalam pembelajaran. Tidak ada waktu siswa secara mandiri untuk mengadakan penyelidikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa menggunakan teknik provokasi pada materi pemanasan global model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL). Responden penelitian adalah siswa SMP kelas VII dengan pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling sebanyak 2 kelas, masing-masing kelas VII-A berjumlah 10 siswa dan kelas VII-B berjumlah 10 siswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif pre-experimental dengan desain one group pretest posttest design. Pengumpulan data melalui penilaian validasi pakar, lembar penilaian berpikir kreatif dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa instrumen penelitian teknik provokasi pada pembelajaran pemanasan global sangat valid dan reliabel, kemampuan fluency meningkat 35,13% (klasikal) dengan  = 0,11 (rendah), kemampuan flexibility meningkat 234,61% (klasikal) dengan  = 0,22 (rendah), kemampuan originality meningkat 142% (klasikal), dengan  = 0,60 (sedang), dan pola peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa: originality > flexibility > fluency. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa menggunakan teknik provokasi pada materi pemanasan global model pembelajaran PBL mengalami peningkatan, dengan peningkatan terbesar pada aspek originality.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Student Teams Achievement Division Pada Materi Objek IPA Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa SMP Negeri 1 Remboken
Authors: Senggaweeng Yunita , Dungus Ferdy
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe student teams achievement division terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 1 Remboken pada kelas VII tahun ajaran 2020/2021. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode penelitian eksperimen. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu kelas VII A terdiri dari 24 siswa sebagai kelas eksperimen dan VII B terdiri dari 24 siswa sebagai kelas kontrol. Pengumpulan data menggunakan tes hasil belajar dengan instrumen berupa soal essay. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata hasil belajar kelas eksperimen 78,41 sedangkan nilai rata-rata kelas kontrol 74,91. Selanjutnya data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji-t pada taraf signifikan 0,05 dan diperoleh hasil thitung (2,08) > ttabel (1,68) sehingga H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima. Sehingga, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe student teams achievement division terhadap hasil belajar siswa di SMP Negeri 1 Remboken pada materi objek IPA.
Pengaruh Model Reciprocal Teaching Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Pada Materi Sistem Peredaran Darah di SMP Negeri 2 Sinonsayang
Authors: Paat Stevi Olivia , Warouw Zusje W. M. , Paat Meike
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model reciprocal teaching terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa di SMP Negeri 2 Sinonsayang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu (quasi experiment) dengan desain penelitian pretest non equivalen control grup desain. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Sinonsayang tahun ajaran 2020/2021, sedangkan sampel yang diambil adalah siswa kelas VIIIC dengan jumlah 25 siswa sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VIIIB dengan jumlah 28 siswa sebagai kelas kontrol. Instrumen penelitian kemampuan berpikir kritis berupa tes belajar berbentuk essay yang berjumlah 6 item soal yang telah di validasi ahli. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah pemberian pretest dan posttest kemudian selanjutnya dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji t. Hasil perhitungan memperoleh nilai thitung = 408,066. Nilai ini kemudian dikonfirmasikan terhadap nilai ttabel yaitu 2,007 pada α= 0,05. Berdasarkan hasil ini, maka H0 di tolak, sehingga disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh kemampuan berpikir kritis pada peserta didik yang menggunakan model pembelajaran reciprocal teaching.
Does high achievement in preclinical years predicts similar achievement in clinical year in medical students? A correlational study
Authors: Rahim Saira
Published: January 2023

Introduction: There is speculation that early medical school basic science instruction is ultimate of limited utility when students enter clinical rotations. It is worthwhile to establish whether early performance in pre-clinical years correlates with performance in later clinical years so that curricula can be adapted accordingly, and actionable predictors of student performance can be identified.Objective: The objective of the study is to investigate the predictive role of student academic performance in early (i.e. “pre-clinical”) medical school years for performance in later (i.e. “clinical”) medical school years.Methods: We employed a retrospective correlation approach by compiling data from medical students in a major academic center in Lahore, Pakistan. The sample cohort consisted of 413 students taken from three consecutive graduating classes (2018, 2019, 2020). Two separate (but thematically related) statistical analyses were undertaken: 1)we created a multivariate linear regression model to predict performance in later (clinical) years (year 5) based on a student’s known demographic factors and academic performance in early (pre-clinical) exams (years 1 and 2) we performed multivariate logistic regression to model the likelihood of attaining “super high achiever” status at the time of graduation (outcome variable) and used demographic data as well as “high achiever” status in early exams (i.e. first three ‘prof ’ exams) as covariates.Results: The most important predictor of performance in the final summative examination was the performance in early ‘prof ’ exams (Year 2 Prof Score F ratio 91.3, p<0.0001). Early attainment of high-achiever status in medical school correlated with the attainment of ‘super high achiever’ status at the time of graduation (p<0.0001).Conclusion: Performance in early medical school years (i.e., “pre-clinical”) correlated with performance in the later medical school years (i.e. “clinical”).

KEYWORDS:Early performance, pre-clinical, high-achiever
Exploring the Preferred Learning Styles among first and final year MBBS students using VARK Inventory at Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi
Authors: Inam Shazia , Haq Amna
Published: January 2023

Introduction:'Learning style' is defined as an individual's preference in obtaining and understanding information. Students use different learning styles in acquisition of knowledge, skills and attitude.

Objective:To determine the learning styles of preclinical and clinical students belonging to 1st and final year MBBS using the VARK questionnaire; to compare learning styles of 1st and final year medical students.

Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect data about the learning style preferences of 1st and final year MBBS students of Foundation University Medical College. The VARK questionnaire was used to categorize the learning styles as Visual (V), Auditory (A), Read and Write (R) and Kinesthetic (K). This study was conducted from 15 July to 15 August 2021. A convenience sampling technique was used for data collection. A total of 249 students responded to the questionnaire.

Results: Among 249 students, 141 were 1st-year students and 108 were final-year students. The most common learning style reported was Kinesthetic (34%), then Auditory (29%), then Visual (20%), and finally, Read/Write (17%). The majority of students (95.6%) preferred quad modal sensory modality for learning followed by trimodal (4%), unimodal (0.4%), and bimodal (0%) preferences.There was a significant difference in the mean scores of visual and auditory learning styles (overall mean of visual scores was 5.42 ± 2.9 and mean of auditory scores was 6.58 ± 2.9 ) between the students of 1st and final year.

Conclusion:

Majority of the students enlisted in this study had a quad modal learning preference. The most common reported

learning style of all the students was Kinesthetic (K), followed by Auditory (A), then Visual (V), and then, Read/Write (R).

KEYWORDS:

Learning styles, VARK, Visual, Aural, Read/Write, Kinesthetic, Modal, Medical Students.
Golden triangle of minimal intervention dentistry in paediatric dentistry
Authors: Joshi Gandhali M , Patel Alok R. , Jajoo Shweta S. , Belsare Sayali
Published: January 2023

The Minimal Intervention Dentistry (MID) approach provides a more all-inclusive approach towards caries management, comprising of prevention, control, and treatment of caries. The various minimally invasive techniques employed in the MID are the preferred treatment modalities to treat dental caries in children. They are being increasingly employed by dentists with an aim to increase co-operation of children, with an added advantage of giving them a positive dental experience. The behavior modification of young children for an effective Paediatric Dental Care revolves around the Paediatric Dentistry Treatment Triangle, corners of which are formed primarily by the child, parent and dentist.  To that end, we have tried to look at certain aspects of the MID from the perspective of a paediatric dentist and thereby proposed a modification of the ‘Golden Triangle of MID’ in relation to its application in paediatric dentistry.
Energy drinks consumption among construction workers in Indonesia and associated factors
Authors: Suarilah Ira , Wahyudi Andri Setiya , Asmoro Candra Panji , Lin Chiu-Chu
Published: January 2023

Younger and adults tend to consume energy drinks due to the benefit received as promoted by the manufacturer. This retrospective, cross-sectional study aimed to investigate factors associated with energy-drink consumption in a group of construction workers in Indonesia. Literate construction workers who have consumed any brand of energy drink at least once per week were recruited. Demographic data and health literacy were self-reported. The short version of the test functional health literacy for adults (S-TOFHLA) tool was used to examine health literacy. Kidney function was determined by an estimated glomerulus filtration rate (EGFR). An average EGFR of 83.76 mL/min/1.73 m2 was retrieved from 114 participants. Health literacy (p=.016), pre-existing disease (p=.001), and intensity (p=.029) showed a significant difference with decreased kidney function. Age of the first-time experiencing energy drinks (r=-0.260) and pre-existing disease (r=-0.282) showed negative significance correlations (p=<.001) with kidney function.  A family history of comorbidity (ß=-0.213), (p=.023), 95% CI (-6.697－-1.286), was a predictor of lowering kidney function among construction workers with extended ingestion of energy drinks. This study emphasizes the importance of elevating public awareness of possible dangers caused by extending the ingestion of energy drinks on the kidney.
Kronotaksa opatica samostana benediktinki sv . Roka u Rijeci
Authors: Medved Marko
Published: January 2023

Benediktinke su prva ženska redovnička zajednica koja se pojavljuje u povijesti Rijeke. Od sredine 17. stoljeća do Prvoga svjetskog rata nalazile su se u samostanu uz crkvu sv. Roka u samom središtu grada. Od 1914. do 1948. godine žive u novoizgrađenom samostanu na Podmurvicama, koji potom dobiva i crkvu sv. Josipa, u kojoj je danas sjedište istoimene župe. U egzodusu Talijana nakon Drugoga svjetskog rata uz većinu klera i redovništva grad Rijeku napustile su i benediktinke. Našle su utočište u samostanu sv. Daniela u gradu Albano Terme, u okolici Padove. Benediktinke su sa sobom ponijele i samostanski arhiv, što je prouzrokovalo nepoznavanje povijesti tog samostana, važnog i za povijest školstva u Rijeci. Na temelju arhivalija samostanskog arhiva autor donosi kratku povijest samostana i kronotaksu opatica riječkih benediktinki od uspostave zajednice 1663. godine do danas.
Secular Shift Among Iranians: Findings from Cross-national & Longitudinal Surveys
Authors: Moaddel Mansoor
Published: January 2023

To what extent do Iranians reject the foundational principle of the Islamic regime and support secular politics? This paper contends that in 2020, 70% of Iranian adults supported the separation of religion and politics and 30% otherwise, but no more than 9% strongly favored an Islamic political system. These figures rest on the analysis of data from the 2000, 2005, and 2020 surveys carried out in the country, and well-over twenty cross-national and longitudinal surveys in other Middle Eastern countries in the past twenty years – a total of more than 70,000 face-to-face interviews. Despite the caveat that the surveys of people’s cultural, religious, and political values conducted under an authoritarian exclusionary regime inevitably carry conservative bias, the findings still showed Iranians in 2000 attended mosques less often than did people from other Middle Eastern countries and Indonesia. Iranian mosque attendance and religious orientation further declined between 2000 and 2020. Responses to a question concerning the separation of religion and politics in 2005 showed that, at a conservative estimate, 47% of Iranians supported the measure. Using this figure to project how Iranian felt about secular politics in 2020, this paper presents empirical evidence that the decline in political Islam in Iran has been much more remarkable than in other Middle Eastern countries. At the same time, secular politics in Egypt, Iraq, Tunisia, and Turkey were supported by an overwhelming majority of adult respondents. Trends toward secular politics in Egypt, Iraq, and Turkey in the past twenty years were astonishing; in 2020, about 80% of respondents from these three countries supported the separation of religion and politics. Considering this figure, and noting that religious attendance and orientation in Iran declined more dramatically than in any of these countries, that the dominant intellectual trend in Iran has been toward liberal democracy, that more Iranians have abandoned official structures of Shia Islam to practice Sufism in recent years than in the past, and that the rate of conversion to Christianity among Iranians has been higher in the postrevolutionary period than any Muslim-majority country in the Middle East, if not in the world, then a reasonable expectation of the extent of the Iranian support for the separation of religion and politics is placed at 70%. This percentage may be higher today, considering the widespread and ongoing revolutionary movement against the regime and the deep emotional energy that has been mobilized for the overthrow of the system of religious tyranny and the establishment of liberal democracy. This empirically verifiable conclusion supports the resolution of the revolutionary activists the Islamic regime is rotten to the core and contrary to the principles of human decency and the welfare of Iranians.
EFFECT OF PERIOPERATIVE DEXMEDETOMIDINE ON CARDIAC SURGERY OUTCOME
Authors: ZAFAR H , ASHRAF T , AHMED N
Published: January 2023

This retrospective study was designed to assess the impact of perioperative dexmedetomidine on the outcome of open-heart surgery. This study was conducted at the Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology Faisalabad from 01 Jan 2022 to Dec 2022. A total of 350 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. Informed consent of the participants was taken. The ethical board of the hospital approved the study. Subjects were divided into the dexmedetomidine group (who were administered dexmedetomidine peri operatively, 179 (51%)) and non-dexmedetomidine group (who were not helped dexmedetomidine peri operatively, 171(48.8%).0.24-0.6 μg/kg/h was infused intravenously after cardiopulmonary bypass. The was continued for more than twenty-four hours postoperatively.10 out of 350 subjects (2.8%) died in hospital, and 14 (4%) died within thirty days. Perioperative dexmedetomidine infusion resulted in a significant reduction in hospital and 30-day mortality. In-hospital mortality in the dexmedetomidine and non-dexmedetomidine group were 1.22% and 4.6%, respectively (P=.008). 30-day mortality in the dexmedetomidine and non-dexmedetomidine groups was 1.8% and 5.2%,  respectively (P=.002). Perioperative dexmedetomidine significantly reduced post-operative sepsis (0.8% vs. 2.2%, P=.043) and other complications (46.19% vs. 56.07%, P=.0205). There was no difference in the duration of hospital stay, ICU stay, post-operative ventilation time, and incidence of delirium and MACEs. So, it can be concluded that perioperative intravenous dexmedetomidine results in improved hospital and thirty-day survival and is associated with a decrease in post-operative delirium and overall complications.
Analisis terhadap kekuatan Hukum Surat Perintah Kerja dalam pelaksanaan proyek pengadaan barang dan jasa pemerintah (Studi Putusan Nomor : 190/Pdt.G/2017/PN.BTM dan putusan kasasi Register Nomor : 2091 K/Pdt/2011)
Authors: Suheri Angga  , Sirait Ningrum Natasya , Purba Hasim , Siregar Mahmul
Published: January 2023

Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa menetapkan prosesnya melalui Swakelola dan Penyedia. Hubungan hukum Pengadaan barang/jasa yang digunakan adalah surat perintah kerja (SPK). SPK adalah adalah surat yang digunakan untuk memberikan perintah kepada seseorang agar melakukan suatu pekerjaan. Keberadaan SPK muncul sebagai bagian dari proses terlaksananya pengadaan barang/jasa yang merupakan program kerja pemerintah yang sangat signifikan, untuk memacu pertumbuhan dan perkembangan potensi ekonomi nasional. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kekuatan hukum mengikat dari surat perintah kerja menurut hukum perjanjian di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan memiliki sifat deskriptif analitis serta menggunakan analisis data yakni data kulitatif. SPK merupakan proses pelaksanaan pengadaan barang dan jasa yang melibatkan para pihak dengan memberikan adanya hak dan kewajiban yang telah disepakati dan mengikatkan dirinya dalam suatu perjanjian yang sesuai dengan hukum perjanjian di Indonesia.

Kata Kunci : Kekuatan Hukum Mengikat dan Surat Perintah Kerja
Effects of Vitrification Techniques on the Formation of Skin Cryobank of the Ocelot (Leopardus Pardalis)
Authors: da Silva Viana João Vitor , de Medeiros Paiva Moura Luiz Fernando , Almeida Praxedes Érika , Costa de Aquino Leonardo Vitorino , do Nascimento Matheus Barbosa , Prazeres Júnior Fabiano Rocha , de Oliveira Moacir Franco , Fernandes Pereira Alexsandra
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND: Skin cryobanks represent important tools for the conservation of the maximum genetic representation of a population, especially those with a certain degree of threat to extinction, such as the ocelot. A relevant step towards the proper establishment of these banks
is the definition of adequate cryopreservation techniques for the conservation of the skin. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the effects of two different techniques [direct vitrification in cryovials (DVC) and solid-surface vitrification (SSV)] for the preservation of ear skin derived from
ocelot. MATERIALS & METHODS: For both techniques, we vitrified the ear skin using Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with 3.0 M dimethyl sulfoxide, 0.25 M sucrose, and 10% fetal bovine serum. Non-cryopreserved tissues were used as control (control group). All tissues were analyzed
for their morphometric characteristics by conventional histology and morphological/functional analysis by cell ability during the culture. RESULTS: While tissues cryopreserved by DVC showed similar values for dermis thickness and number of perinuclear halos to the control, tissues cryopreserved
by SSV showed similarities to the control regarding the number of melanocytes, percentage of collagen fibers, and numbers of viable cells by apoptosis analysis. Additionally, none of the vitrification techniques affected stratum corneum thickness, number of keratinocytes, tissue proliferative
activity, cell viability, or metabolism. CONCLUSION: Both vitrification techniques (DVC and SSV) can be used for the conservation of ocelot skin; however, SSV guarantees a higher cellular quality after in vitro tissue culture in most of the parameters evaluated, such as viability, metabolism,
and apoptosis analysis.
Mendoza Hail Mitigation Project Final Report 2000-2001 - Executive Summary
Authors: Krauss Terry M , Mir Manuel M
Published: January 2023

This report summarizes the activities during the 2000-2001 field operations of the Mendoza Hail Mitigation Project. This was the second year of a 5 year contract between Weather Modification Inc. (WMI) of Fargo, North Dakota and the Ministry of Economy, Government of Mendoza. The two primary objectives of the Mendoza Hail Program are to reduce hail damage using airborne cloud seeding technology and to implement a research and technology transfer program for the people of Argentina.
APPLICATION OF HYDROLOGIC MODELS TO ASSESS THE EFFECTS OF CLOUD SEEDING ON AGRICULTURE IN THE WALKER RIVER BASIN OF NEVADA
Authors: Boyle Douglas P. , Garner Chris , Tilley Jeffrey S. , Bassett Scott , Huggins Arlen , Barth Cornelia
Published: January 2023

<!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; line-height:150%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-AU;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-size:10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;} @page WordSection1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;} --> Abstract. A set of existing hydrologic models of the headwater and agricultural areas of the Walker River basin are used to estimate the effects of cloud seeding activities by Desert Research Institute on the amount of water delivered to the agricultural areas in the lower part of the basin over the water years 2004 through 2013. A monthly water balance model is used to simulate the accumulation and melt of the snowpack and the associated runoff in the headwater areas.  A river basin management model is used to simulate the spatial and temporal complexity of the movement and use of surface and groundwater below the mountain front in the streams, reservoirs, irrigation ditches, and crop areas which are completely driven by water right priorities and water supply. In the two case studies presented, the effects of cloud seeding on two different target areas were identified and compared in terms of: (1) changes to the amount of surface water delivered to the crop areas for irrigation purposes; (2) changes in the amount of supplemental groundwater pumping; and (3) changes in crop shortage for each year over the study period.  Estimates of crop irrigation water requirements and crop value per acre were used to estimate the financial benefits of the cloud seeding activities under a range of seeding efficiency estimates for each case.  The results indicate that, over the study period, the benefits to seeding the target areas in the first case, characterized by relatively large long-term annual precipitation, are significantly greater than seeding the target area in the second case, characterized by less annual precipitation. The results from both studies provide useful information for planning and operational decisions related to cloud seeding in the Walker River basin.
Las aves del área marina protegida “Pitipalena-Añihué”, Patagonia chilena
Authors: Sanino Gian Paolo , Pacheco Hector
Published: January 2023

Reserva Añihué está ubicada en el centro del área marina protegida “Pitipalena-Añihué” en la Patagonia chilena. La presente contribución corresponde a la primera actualización en Reserva Añihué, el área marina protegida y sectores vecinos, del catastro de aves documentadas fotográficamente mediante esfuerzos sistemáticos y ocasionales tanto desde tierra como embarcaciones menores entre el 2 de febrero de 2011 y el 11 de noviembre de 2016. El esfuerzo sistemático consistió en conteo por puntos (n= 442; 110,5 h; 720 km) y recorridos pedestres (56 km). Se documentó una riqueza aviar de 88 especies, correspondiente a 34 familias pertenecientes a 16 órdenes, siendo Passeriformes el de mayor riqueza con 28 especies, seguido por Charadriiformes con 11 especies. La riqueza específica tiende a ser constante durante el año, manteniéndose sin experimentar diferencias fenológicas significativas, pese a variar en su composición. Aproximadamente, la mitad de las especies fueron documentadas en todas las estaciones del año. Se describen singularidades para algunas especies incluyendo una presencia estacional inusual, posibles extensiones de rango de distribución y la particular expresión fenotípica de una población local. Se presentan estos resultados en contribución a la gestión del área marina protegida,además se discute el potencial para el desarrollo de actividades de turismo de observación de aves.
Comentarios Taxonómicos de un especímen de Glossotherium del Pleistoceno de Chile Central
Authors: Püschel Hans P. , Püschel Thomas A. , Rubilar-Rogers David
Published: January 2023

La familia Mylodontidae fue una de las más diversas de la fauna del Pleistoceno en Sudamérica. Dentro de esta, el género Glossotherium poseía una amplia distribución en el cono sur, con un solo registro en Chile, SGO.PV.2 depositado en el Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Chile. Dado que la asig­nación de especie de este ejemplar como Glossotherium lettsomi se realizó hace 48 años, se llevó a cabo una revisión de esta considerando nuevos estudios taxonómicos. Con estos nuevos antecedentes, se re­alizó una nueva diagnosis del ejemplar, análisis de componentes principales (PCA) y análisis discrimi­nantes lineales (LDA) en los que se utilizaron datos craneales de estudios previos con ejemplares de Glossotherium robustum. Por otra parte, se realizó un análisis filogenético basado en estudios previos, considerando sólo caracteres craneodentales de SGO.PV.2 con el fin de establecer su relación con los integrantes del clado o familia. Por último, se realizó una descripción inédita del esqueleto postcraneal de SGO.PV.2. Los resultados del conjunto de análisis realizados indican la asignación de SGO.PV.2 a la especie Glossotherium robustum, siendo el único registro de esta especie en Chile.
Influence of climate change on the potential global distribution of Erythrina crista-galli L. (Fabaceae) outside its natural limits
Authors: Moura de Mello Luciano
Published: January 2023

Exotic species are potentially dangerous for the conservation of native biota because they escapepredators, competitors and pathogens that usually are not displaced with the species to the areas inwhich they begin to colonize. The modeling of the potential distribution of occurrence of a nativespecies can be an important tool for the recognition of environments colonized by an exotic, introducedand naturalized species. Erythrina crista-galli L. (Fabaceae) is a pioneer species, native of Brazil,Uruguay, Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay. Due to its ecological characteristics, it has the capacity toexpand its distribution to new available. This work aimed to identify the potential areas of distributionof Erythrina crista-galli L. outside South America, evaluating the favorable areas of 22,000 years BPuntil today as a way to verify the tendency of expansion or reduction of these territorial spaces outsideits natural limits. The results indicate that the algorithm used in modeling the distribution for the speciesis highly efficient in pointing out areas in which the naturalization of the species could occur, increasingits distribution to new intercontinental frontiers. In these areas E. crista-galli could, due to its ecologicalcharacteristics, impact these local ecosystems. The study also indicates what would be the trend ofdynamics of these potential areas in relation to the climatic changes that have occurred since the lastglacial maximum.
Clave taxonómica ilustrada de las especies chilenas de Parastacidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Astacidea)
Authors: Rudolph-Latorre Erich
Published: January 2023

Las siete especies de camarones de río de la Familia Parastacidae que habitan las aguas dulces de Chile se agrupan en los géneros: Samastacus (1), Parastacus (2) y Virilastacus (4). La creciente actividad antrópica que actualmente se observa en el centro-sur de nuestro país está degradando, fragmentando y disminuyendo la extensión geográfica de sus respectivos hábitats, lo que finalmente pone en riesgo su conservación. En este trabajo se recopila y sistematiza información sobre los rasgos morfológicos externos más conspicuos de los camarones de río en general y de las especies chilenas en particular, con los objetivos de: 1) generar una clave ilustrada que facilite la identificación de estas siete especies, y que a su vez permita distinguir la eventual ocurrencia de especies exóticas de Astacidea en las aguas dulces de Chile; y 2) promover su conocimiento y conservación.
Ampliación de distribución geográfica de Diplolaemus darwinii Bell, 1843 (Iguania: Leiosauridae) en Chile: registro en la Región de Aysén
Authors: Mella Ávila Jorge , Reyes Cortés Felipe , Mella-Romero Jorge , Muñoz Villouta Cristián
Published: January 2023

Se registró la presencia de Diplolaemus darwinii en ambiente de estepa patagónica, en las cercanías dela localidad de Puerto Ingeniero Ibáñez, ribera norte del Lago General Carrera, región de Aysén. Conesto se amplía en más de 536 km al norte su distribución geográfica en Chile, ya que esta especie habíasido registrada sólo en la región de Magallanes.
Animales domésticos ferales y meso-mamíferos invasores del Parque Nacional Radal Siete Tazas
Authors: Castro-Pastene Carlos , Carrasco Héctor , Villa Alexis , Palma-Aedo Natalia
Published: January 2023

Las invasiones biológicas se definen como fenómenos complejos, donde una especie expande su rango biogeográfico ocupando regiones en que previamente no se encontraba. Así mismo, las actividades antrópicas han aumentado las especies ferales a lo largo del mundo introduciéndolas en lugares donde comúnmente no habitaban. En este trabajo documentamos la riqueza y abundancia relativa de las especies de animales domésticos ferales e invasores del Parque Nacional Radal Siete Tazas mediante el uso de cámaras trampas. El ganado vacuno fue el animal con mayor abundancia relativa, seguida el conejo y el caballo. Se discuten sus principales efectos sobre el ambiente y proponen métodos de control.
Descripción de una nueva especie de Lissodema Curtis, 1833 de Chile y datos de distribución de Lissodema glaberrima Fairmaire y Germain, 1863 (Coleoptera: Salpingidae)
Authors: Solervicens A. Jaime
Published: January 2023

Se describe Lissodema chilensis nov. sp.; se presenta una imagen de su aspecto externo y se establece su diferencia con Lissodema glaberrima Fairmaire y Germain, 1863, previamente descrita para Chile. Se dan datos de distribución de las especies
Primer registro de la diversidad genética e historia demográfica del pepino de mar Athyonidium chilensis (Semper, 1868) para Chile
Authors: Martínez Andrea , Navarrete Darío , De la Puente Belén , Poulin Elie , Merino-Yunnissi Catalina , Díaz Angie
Published: January 2023

La Clase Holoturoidea agrupa a los pepinos de mar, un grupo de equinodermos que habitan en todas las profundidades y océanos del mundo. En Chile, destaca Athyonidium chilensis (Semper, 1868), especie de amplia distribución en el Pacífico Sudoriental, debido a su importancia comercial y a los usos recientemente descritos en medicina e industria farmacéutica. No obstante, la actividad extractiva de esta especie carece de regulación y su información biológica, ecológica y pesquera es escasa. Registros de desembarques recientes refieren un esfuerzo de pesca irregular y un desconocimiento del comportamiento de sus poblaciones. El presente estudio analizó los patrones genéticos e inferencia demográfica en una población que carece de registro formal de extracción, por medio del marcador genético Citocromo Oxidasa Subunidad I. Se observó una alta diversidad genética y además la presencia de tres grupos con altos niveles de diferenciación entre ellos, lo que podría explicar en parte tal diversidad genética, pero que contrasta con la variación intraespecífica estimada para otros holoturoideos de similares características. Esta información surge como un punto de partida para evaluar el estado del recurso con miras a desarrollar planes de manejo que aseguren la conservación de esta especie de importancia comercial.
Vertebrados terrestres presentes en las cuencas andinas de los ríos Nevado, La Gallina y Quebrada Seca, Región de Atacama
Authors: Marambio N. Sandra , Brain María José , Mella A. Jorge
Published: January 2023

En el marco de una Línea de Base se realizó un muestreo de fauna vertebrada terrestre en las cuencas de los ríos Nevado, La Gallina y Quebrada Seca, en la zona andina de la Región de Atacama. La riqueza total de las cuencas fue de 64 especies de vertebrados terrestres: dos reptiles, 48 aves y catorce mamíferos. La mayor riqueza fue en río Nevado, con 58 especies. Diecinueve especies fueron clasificadas en alguna categoría de conservación (28%), con ocho especies en categoría de amenaza. Las especies nativas fueron 59 (cuatro de ellas endémicas) y cinco introducidas. Se describieron cinco ambientes, la mayor riqueza correspondió a bofedal-vega (con 51 especies), seguida por matorral (con 47 especies), mientras que la menor riqueza fue pajonal (con 11 especies). Los otros dos ambientes fueron: área de baja o nula cobertura (ambiente con la mayor superficie en el área de estudio) y "otros humedales". Las especies más frecuentes fueron Liolaemus rosenmanni, Attagis gayi, Lama guanicoe y Ctenomys fulvus. La abundancia de reptiles fue superior en el ambiente "otros humedales" y fue mayor durante el verano, seguido de primavera. En aves acuáticas, la abundancia fue similar en ambos humedales y en verano, otoño y primavera. En el caso de micromamíferos, los valores de Índice de Densidad Relativa de Abrothrix andina fueron superiores en verano y para Phyllotis xanthopygus fue mayor en verano y otoño, siendo esta especie más abundante que A. andina en todas las estaciones. Para Lama guanicoe, se observó una mayor abundancia en invierno, con una alta variabilidad.
Descripción de una nueva especie de Saprininae neotropical (Coleoptera: Histeridae)
Authors: Arriagada Gerardo
Published: January 2023

Se describe Aphelosternus gracilis n. sp. (Histeridae, Saprininae). Se proporcionan figuras de la genitalia masculina y femenina. Los ejemplares fueron capturados con trampas de caída (pitfall), en la proximidad de basureros de hormigas cortadoras, Acromyrmex lundii (Guérin-Méneville), en la zona biogeográfica del Chaco, Argentina, provincia de San Luís. Se discute la posición taxonómica de esta nueva especie, dentro del género Aphelosternus.
Unplanned Transition to EFL Online Learning: An Analysis of Students’ Perceptions in a Vietnamese University
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thang , Pham Thi Thanh Thuy
Published: January 2023

This research intends to investigate their perspectives on the abrupt transition to online learning at Electric Power University in Vietnam. The research questions were answered using a mixed-methods technique. After 9 weeks of online-only instruction, 87 university students were sent a 25-item questionnaire utilizing the Monkey survey program. A random follow-up interview was done with ten students who consented to participate in the interview in order to acquire insight into the specific concerns. The majority of students preferred face-to-face classrooms over online learning, and the majority had no intention of studying online in the future. During the time of 'forced' online learning, however, the majority of students thought their teachers were eager to offer them support and valuable feedback. The results have significant ramifications for instructors and teachers in relation to online learning and teaching in comparable contexts.