bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
« Meurtre du père » et domonyme basque
Authors: Lagarde Anne-Marie
Published: May 2019

Le but de l’article est de montrer comment s’est constitué un modèle symbolique propre dans la société agropastorale basque d’Ancien-Régime et quelle en a été la conséquence au niveau de la transmission du domonyme. L’on a affaire, en effet, à une structure sociopolitique centrée sur la maison, repérable dans divers textes sous le nom de « coseigneurie des maîtres jeunes et vieux ». Il s’agit d’une autorité partagée par les procréateurs hommes et femmes qui débouche sur un effacement de lapatria potestas.Les questions qui se posent dès lors concernent l’élaboration du système de filiation et la construction des identités sexuelles qui le détermine. Et, à un stade plus générique, la correspondance de cette structure avec le modèle logique du « meurtre du père » de Freud. L’examen montre le rôle primordial de la langue basque, sa performativité propre dans le profilage du « meurtre ». L’ensemble de l’argumentation est induit par une idée-clé de Jacques Lacan, celle de la pluralité des Noms-du-Père.
Johannes Heinrich Schultz (1884-1970) et les avatars du « cycle supérieur » du training autogène
Authors: Grosbois Philippe
Published: May 2019

La fin du XIXe siècle a été riche en découvertes psychothérapeutiques en partant des études sur l’hypnose et sur l’hystérie ; les inconvénients de l’hypnose n’échappent pas à certains thérapeutes de cette époque : passivité du patient, dépendance, aliénation dans le transfert. C’est de la tentative de dépassement de ces difficultés que vont naître deux méthodes psychothérapiques : la psychanalyse et le training autogène de Johannes Heinrich Schultz. Ce texte évoque d’un point de vue historique le développement du cycle supérieur du training autogène de Schultz - très peu pratiqué en France - dans ses relations théorico-pratiques avec la psychanalyse.

L’Auteur traite d’une question épistémologique aux conséquences nettes pour la pratique cliique : quelle position adopter face au sens dont sont porteurs les images mentales oniriques ?
Multi-choice and stochastic programming for transportation problem involved in supply of foods and medicines to hospitals with consideration of logistic distribution
Authors: Mahapatra Deshabrata Roy , Panda Shibaji , Sana Shib Sankar
Published: May 2019

The objective of the proposed article is to minimize the transportation costs of foods and medicines from different source points to different hospitals by applying stochastic mathematical programming model to a transportation problem in a multi-choice environment containing the parameters in all constraints which follow the Logistic distribution and cost coefficients of objective function are also multiplicative terms of binary variables. Using the stochastic programming approach, the stochastic constraints are converted into an equivalent deterministic one. A transformation technique is introduced to manipulate cost coefficients of objective function involving multi-choice or goals for binary variables with auxiliary constraints. The auxiliary constraints depends upon the consecutive terms of multi-choice type cost coefficient of aspiration levels. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the whole idea.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection in management of colorectal tumors near or involving a diverticulum: a retrospective case series
Authors: Jimenez-Garcia Victoria , Yamada Masayoshi , Ikematsu Hiroaki , Takamaru Hiroyuki , Abe Seiichiro , Sakamoto Taku , Nakajima Takeshi , Matsuda Takahisa , Saito Yutaka
Published: May 2019

Background and study aims Surgery is the standard treatment for colon tumors associated with diverticulum. Use of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) to treat such tumors is controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and feasibility of ESD in treating superficial colorectal tumors situated near or involving diverticulum.

Patients and methods Consecutive patients from two referral centers who had colorectal tumors near or involving diverticulum treated by ESD were retrospectively studied. Clinicopathological characteristics and clinical outcomes were analyzed.

Results Of the 12 patients studied, six had tumors near diverticulum and six had tumors involving diverticulum. The overall en-bloc R0 resection rate, median tumor size and procedure time were 67 %, 26.5 mm (range, 15 – 80 mm) and 110 minutes (range, 50 – 220 minutes), respectively. For tumors near diverticulum group, the en-bloc R0 resection rate was 100 % and no adverse events (AEs) or residual/recurrent tumors were observed. In contrast, for intradiverticular tumors group, the en-bloc R0 resection rate was low at 33 %, and one AE (perforation) was observed. The diverticula were ≥ 6 mm in diameter in the patients with incomplete resection. However, all but one diverticulum was unrecognized before ESD. Two residual tumors were detected at the 12-month surveillance and one required surgery.

Conclusions This case series indicates that ESD is safe and feasible for treating colorectal tumors near a diverticulum and might be feasible for tumors involving a diverticulum smaller than 6 mm. Selection for smaller diverticulum size may contribute to higher en-bloc R0 resection rates.
Histologic assessment of the intestinal wall following duodenal mucosal resurfacing (DMR): a new procedure for the treatment of insulin-resistant metabolic disease
Authors: de Moura Eduardo , Ponte-Neto Alberto , Tsakmaki Anastasia , Aiello Vera , Bewick Gavin , Brunaldi Vitor
Published: May 2019

Background and study aims Minimally invasive procedures that replicate aspects of bariatric surgery with more favorable safety and tolerability offer an attractive alternative in management of metabolic disease. Duodenal mucosal resurfacing (DMR), an endoscopic procedure using hydrothermal ablation, is designed to remove surface epithelium to allow subsequent epithelial regeneration and a reset to a more insulin-sensitive state.

Materials and methods DMR was performed on a healthy pig under general anethesia, approximating the procedure designed for use in humans. Immediately post-DMR, analysis of the histological landscape was conducted in distinct duodenal areas that received ablation treatment.

Results DMR submucosal lift and hydrothermal ablation elicited disruption of villous tips and partial disruption of the crypt base with no damage to deeper tissue. Excessive ablation (purposeful double ablation exposure) did incur damage to the underlying muscle layer.

Conclusion Our results confirmed that DMR elicits superficial ablation of duodenal villi and crypts. Defining the cellular consequences of ablation and regeneration of the epithelium will aid our understanding of how and why DMR affects metabolic homeostasis.
Verletzungsprädiktion: Nicht alle Wege führen nach
Rom!
Authors: Kolodziej Mathias , Beck Andreas , Jaitner Thomas
Published: May 2019

Das Performance Team möchte mit Screeningverfahren das individuelle
Verletzungsrisiko vorhersagen. Angesichts der fatalen Folgen einer Verletzung
ein Anliegen, das man gut nachvollziehen kann. Doch sind die vielen Tests
wirklich geeignet? Die Autoren haben da ihre Zweifel, kennen aber auch einen
Ausweg.
Verletzungen im deutschen professionellen Teamsport –
Ableitungen für präventive Screenings
Authors: Bloch Hendrik , Klein Christian , Luig Patrick
Published: May 2019

Verletzungen sind ärgerlich, Verletzungen bremsen Karrieren und Verletzungen
gefährden den sportlichen Erfolg – nicht nur einzelner Spieler, oft auch eines
ganzen Teams. Es gibt daher viele Gründe, schon vor dem Wettkampf – besser noch
vor der Saison – herauszufinden, wo die größten Gefahren lauern.
Chirurgische Optionen bei Trikuspidalklappeninsuffizienz
Authors: Akhyari Payam , Albert Alexander , Rellecke Philipp , Lichtenberg Artur
Published: May 2019

Trikuspidalklappeninsuffizienz (TI) ist eine häufige Begleitdiagnose bei Patienten mit einem dominierend linkskardialen Vitium oder auch einer myokardialen Dysfunktion. Daneben können Patienten mit einer Reihe von anderen Grunderkrankungen, wie etwa infektiöser Endokarditis oder auch schrittmacherpflichtiger Herzrhythmusstörung, von einer isolierten TI betroffen sein. Bei schwerer Ausprägung der TI stellt eine Operation in vielen Fällen den heute praktizierten therapeutischen Standard dar, wenn auch die aktuelle Datenlage sehr lückenhaft ist und die Empfehlungen der Fachgesellschaften einen niedrigen Evidenzlevel aufweisen. Diese Arbeit beschreibt die heute verfügbaren chirurgischen Optionen zur Therapie der primären und sekundären TI mit Berücksichtigung der komplexen diagnostischen und therapeutischen Konstellation im Falle der letztgenannten Form.
Sprache in Bewegung – Schlüsselbegriffe der Palliativmedizin im Wandel der Zeit
*
Authors: Peters Joachim , Heckel Maria , Habermann Mechthild , Ostgathe Christoph
Published: May 2019

Hintergrund Die moderne Palliativmedizin stellt eine junge Disziplin dar, die in den letzten Jahrzehnten ein eigenständiges fachliches Profil mit spezifischen Leitkonzepten, Zielen und Werthaltungen entwickelt hat. An Fachpublikationen lässt sich die Professionalisierung der Disziplin und die Herausbildung eines eigenen Palliativvokabulars nachvollziehen.

Methoden Auf Basis eines Textkorpus aus Artikeln der Z Palliativmed 2000 – 2018 (ca. 3,83 Mio. Wörter) wurden palliativmedizinische Schlüsselwörter für vier Zeiträume (2000 – 2004; 2005 – 2009; 2010 – 2014; 2015 – 2018) ermittelt. Darüber hinaus erfolgte ein Vergleich mit onkologischen Fachtexten.

Ergebnisse Es wurde ein Phasenmodell der Entwicklung der palliativmedizinischen Fachsprache und des Selbstverständnisses als Disziplin erstellt. Wichtige Werte der Palliativmedizin sind Linderung, Selbstbestimmung, Würde, Begleitung sowie der Einbezug von Angehörigen.

Diskussion Die Analyse von Fachtexten ermöglicht es, Mechanismen der Konstruktion und Professionalisierung der Palliativmedizin im Wandel der Zeit zu erfassen. Linguistische Methoden können die Durchführung von Metastudien und die Erstellung von Literaturübersichten unterstützen.
Übungen mit Spaßfaktor – Bewegungskonzept GiB 2.0 für Menschen mit Demenz
Authors: Gebhard Doris , Schmid Christina
Published: May 2019

Viele Bewegungsprogramme für Menschen mit Demenz werden der WHO-Forderung nach zielgruppenspezifischer Gesundheitsförderung nicht gerecht. Die FH Kärnten hat ein Konzept entwickelt, das die speziellen Bedürfnisse und Lebensumstände von Menschen mit Demenz berücksichtigt. Es kommt bei Betroffenen und Trainern gut an, ergab die Evaluation.
Synthesis and patterning of graphene: Strategies and prospects
Authors: Shukla Shobha , Kang Seung-Yeon , Saxena Sumit
Published: May 2019

The extraordinary success of graphene in various applications has led to the quest to innovate techniques for production and patterning of nanomaterials. Numerous techniques such as vapor deposition, epitaxial growth, mechanical and chemical exfoliation have been explored to achieve this goal. These new methods have enabled the synthesis of a monolayer to a few layer graphene structures, in various forms such as films, nanoribbons, and 3D nanocomposites that are dispersed in solutions, suspended or deposited on substrates. However, several challenges still exist in processing graphene for futuristic device fabrication. Thus, there is a need to review the traditional processing and synthesis techniques developed for obtaining graphene. This review will provide a solid foundation on technology development for achieving economical and high throughput synthesis of high quality graphene for scalable applications. In this review, we provide a brief discussion on the theory of graphene, discuss synthesis techniques along with conventional and recent approaches to pattern graphene structures, and conclude with an emphasis on direct patterning methods. Discussions on the properties of graphene produced using different techniques and their emerging applications will assist in selecting an appropriate methodology for achieving desired properties in graphene. This is expected to be instrumental in the development of new strategies for fabrication of futuristic graphene-based devices.
Intra-pulse modulation of the linear frequency modulated pulse caused by time-varying plasma
Authors: Song Lihao , Li Xiaoping , Bai Bowen , Liu Yanming , Shen Fangfang , Yao Bo
Published: May 2019

The effects of time-varying plasma on the propagation of a linear frequency modulated (LFM) pulse are investigated. An experiment on the propagation of LFM pulse in continuous time-varying plasma is described and a spectrum broadening phenomenon is observed. The phenomenon is due to intra-pulse amplitude and phase modulation of the LFM pulse by time-varying plasma; this explanation is verified by a comparison of the results of the experiment and theoretical analysis. The theoretical result is obtained by measuring the time-varying electron density that the intra-pulse modulation depends on and applying the measured time-varying electron density into calculation method presented in this paper. The effects of the bandwidth of the LFM pulse and oscillation frequency of electron density on the intra-pulse modulation phenomenon are then explored by another two experiments. Time-frequency analysis employing a smooth pseudo Wigner–Ville distribution (SPWD) is adopted to further analyze the phenomenon and results of time-frequency analysis confirm the earlier theoretical analysis and conclusions. The effect of intra-pulse modulation on the LFM pulse due to time-varying plasma should be emphasized in the application of the radar and communication systems on a vehicle under a plasma sheath.
Tunneling conductance of the s-wave and d-wave pairing superconductive graphene–normal graphene junction
Authors: Korol A. M.
Published: May 2019

Within the framework of the Blonder–Tinkham–Klapwijk formalism we calculate and analyze the conductance of the normal graphene — s-wave and independently d-wave pairing superconductive graphene junction. The eigenfunctions, the Andreev and the normal reflection rates are obtained by solving the Dirac–Bogoliubov–de Gennes equations. The Fermi velocity is believed to be different in the normal and in the superconductive regions. We consider the options of gapless and gapped graphene for both cases: s-wave and independently d-wave pairing. It is demonstrated that the characteristics of the junction considered are sensitive to the ratio vFN/vFS where vFN, vFS are the Fermi velocities in the normal and the superconductive graphene respectively. This conclusion refers to the Andreev reflection as well as to the normal one. The first of them is shown to be the dominant process for the formation of the conductivity. These results are true for an arbitrary value of the orientational angle of the d-waves. Each of four cases considered: s-, d-wave pairing and gapless and gapped graphene displays its own specific features of the conductance. The dependence of the conductance on the external electrostatic potential as well as on the Fermi energy is also analyzed in every case. The obtained results may be useful for controlling the transport properties of the normal graphene–superconductive graphene junction.
How the structure of ferromagnetic cluster boundaries in an antiferromagnetic matrix impacts their magnetic properties in an external field
Authors: Krivchikov A. A.
Published: May 2019

The question of how an external field impacts the magnetic moments of ferromagnetic clusters that are randomly located in a thin cylinder, is considered. The clusters have a magnetic dipole interaction. If there is sufficient spatial anisotropy, such a system can be described by a one-dimensional Ising model with a random exchange if an effective local field is present. A random effective field acting on the clusters reflects the inhomogeneity of the interface between the clusters and the antiferromagnet. In fields smaller than the saturation field, the ground state of such a model is a one-dimensional sequence of domains having different lengths. In contrast to the one-dimensional Ising model, at a constant field in the presence of a random effective field, there is a linear dependence of magnetization on the external field, in the small field region. The average of the random effective field determines the magnitude of the magnetization curve exchange bias, and the dispersion of the random effective field affects its slope. The results obtained in this study, together with experimental data, allow for a qualitative evaluation of the properties of the interface between the subsystems.
Quantization in magnetoresistance of strained InSb whiskers
Authors: Druzhinin A. , Ostrovskii I. , Khoverko Yu. , Liakh-Kaguy N.
Published: May 2019

Strain influence on the longitudinal magnetoresistance for the n-type conductivity InSb whiskers doped by Sn to concentration 6·1016–6·1017 сm–3 was studied in the temperature range 4.2–40 K and magnetic field up to 10 T. The Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations at low temperatures were observed in the strained and unstrained samples in all range of doping concentrations and magnetic fields. The character of longitudinal magnetoresistance dependences was analyzed and compared with theoretical one. The whisker magnetoresistance alters its sign with increasing magnetic field. It is positive at weak magnetic fields and becomes negative at higher magnetic fields. Possible mechanism of the large value of negative magnetoresistance (NMR) was discussed in the InSb whiskers with doping concentration in the vicinity to metal–insulator transition. The origin of large NMR was explained by the existence of classical size effect and boundary scattering during conductance in subsurface whisker layers.
Features of the magnon system response to the “spin echo”
Authors: Zvyagin A. A.
Published: May 2019

The response of a magnetic system, in which the projection of the total spin moment parallel to the external magnetic field is not conserved, to a sequence of the field pulses resembling a spin echo. The amplitude and frequency of the induced magnetization oscillations have a significant nonlinear dependence on the field pulse parameters.
Electromagnetic grazing anomalies. Energy flux extrema
Authors: Kats A. V.
Published: May 2019

The diffraction of electromagnetic waves at the surface periodic structures accompanied by strong anomalous effects in different diffraction orders is considered in detail for high-contrast interfaces. We restrict discussion by the transverse magnetic polarization of the incident wave (the magnetic field is orthogonal to the plane of incidence) and the simplest geometry when the plane of incidence is orthogonal to the grating grooves. The most attention is devoted to the strong maxima and minima of the energy flux density accompanying specific grazing propagation of some diffraction order. Relation to other anomalies, both Rayleigh and the resonance ones is discussed as well.
Microscopic analysis of heat transfer in I1/N/I2 heterogeneous nanostructures at low temperatures
Authors: Bezuglyj A. I. , Shkovskij V. A. , Vovk R. V. , Mironenko I. V.
Published: May 2019

A kinetic approach to analytically considering the lateral heat transfer through a metal layer located between two massive dielectrics. The effective transverse thermal conductivity of such a layered system with an arbitrary thickness of the metal layer is calculated, and the thicknesses at which the size effect is manifested in thermal conductivity, are found. The transverse heat transfer is also analyzed using the phenomenological two-temperature (2TM) model, i.e. in terms of electron and phonon temperatures. Comparing the results of 2TM and the microscopic approach allows us to find out the conditions under which the frequently used two-temperature approach is not applicable.
Investigation of the low-temperature mechanical behavior of elastomers and their carbon nanotube composites using microindentation
Authors: Fomenko L. S. , Lubenets S. V. , Natsik V. D. , Prokhvatilov A. I. , Galtsov N. N. , Li Q. Q. , Koutsos V.
Published: May 2019

The micromechanical properties of epoxy resin elastomers and their carbon nanotube composites were studied using a microhardness tester equipped with low-temperature chamber. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that all specimens were free of any crystalline components and were amorphous with only short-range order domains. The Vickers microhardness of all samples has been estimated in the temperature range 230–300 K. The measurements demonstrated that at room temperature these materials are elastomers (notably, they are in high-elastic state) and on cooling in the range of 250–270 K the glass transition takes place. Analysis of the temperature dependence of microhardness suggested that the thermomechanical and relaxation properties of the materials studied are consistent with a rheological model of a standard linear solid where the relaxation time (or viscosity) depends exponentially on the temperature in accordance with the Arrhenius equation for the rate of thermally activated process. Empirical estimates for the nonrelaxed and relaxed Young’s moduli and also for the activation energy (U = 0.75 eV) and the period of attempts (τ0 = 10–12 s) of the molecular process which determines the relaxation properties and the glasstransition of the materials have been obtained. The addition of carbon nanotubes into elastomeric epoxy resin had no effect on its micromechanical characteristics as measured by the microhardness tester. It is shown that the conventional microindentation method is an efficient tool of investigating the thermomechanical properties of elastomers nearby and below the glass transition temperature.
On the response function of a degenerate Bose gas
Authors: Bobrov V. B.
Published: May 2019

The space-time density-density response function for degenerate ideal Bose gas is considered. On this basis, it is shown that upon exposure to a weak external field, a space-time wave of average non-uniform density fluctuation is formed in the ideal Bose gas, within the limit of strong degeneracy, which decays only in time in an exponential manner.
Remodelling of cell wall composition during leaf development in Lavoisiera mucorifera (Melastomataceae)
Authors: Silva Kleber Resende , Kuster Vinícius Coelho , de Melo Silva Ana Flávia , Coelho de Oliveira Denis
Published: May 2019

How does the deposition of cell wall components structure cell shape and function during leaf ontogenesis? Although this issue has been the subject of several studies, a wide variety of standards have been reported and many knowledge gaps remain. In this study we evaluated cell wall composition in leaf tissues of Lavoisiera mucorifera Mart. & Schrank ex DC. (Melastomataceae) regarding cellulose, pectin (homogalacturonans (HGs) and rhamnogalacturonans I (RGI)) and arabinogalactan protein (AGP) distribution during ontogenesis. Leaf primordium, as well as young and mature leaves, were submitted to histochemical analysis using calcofluor white and ruthenium red, and immunocytochemical analysis using primary monoclonal antibodies (JIM5, JIM7, LM2, LM5 and LM6). Results showed that the distribution of cell wall components depends on tissue and leaf developmental stage. At the beginning of cell differentiation in the leaf primordium, two main patterns of cellulose microfibril orientation occur: perpendicular and random. This initial microfibril arrangement determines final cell shape and leaf tissue functionality in mature leaves. During leaf development, especially in epidermal and collenchyma cells, the association of HGs with low methyl-esterified groups and cellulose guarantees mechanical support. As a result, cell wall properties, such as rigidity and porosity, may also be acquired by changes in cell wall composition and are associated with morphogenetic patterns in L. mucorifera.
Immunolocalisation and expression of oxytocin receptors and sex hormone-binding globulin in the testis and epididymis of dogs: correlation with sperm function
Authors: Dalmazzo Andressa , Losano João D. A. , Angrimani Daniel S. R. , Pereira Isabel V. A. , Goissis Marcelo D. , Francischini Maria C. P. , Lopes Everton , Minazaki Claudia K. , Blank Marcel H. , Cogliati Bruno , Pereira Ricardo J. G. , Barnabe Valquiria H. , Nichi Marcilio
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study was to confirm gene and protein expression of oxytocin receptor (OTR) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in the testis and epididymis of dogs, correlating these data with sperm quality and production and testosterone concentrations. Positive correlations were found between OTR and SHBG expression in both the testis and epididymis. Testicular OTR expression was positively associated with plasma membrane and acrosome integrity in canine spermatozoa, whereas SHBG expression in the testis was positively correlated with various sperm characteristics, such as sperm concentration, total and progressive motility, plasma membrane integrity and acrosome integrity. Testicular expression of both OTR and SHBG was negatively correlated with low sperm mitochondrial activity. In the epididymis, SHBG expression was only positively correlated with plasma membrane integrity. Analysis of protein expression revealed that testicular OTR was positively correlated with testosterone concentrations and negatively correlated with the absence of sperm mitochondrial activity. In addition, SHBG expression in the testes was associated with epididymis SHBG expression and morphologically normal cells. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis revealed the presence of both OTR and SHBG in testicular smooth muscles and Leydig cells. However, in the epididymis, OTR was only located in smooth muscle cells, whereas neither IHC nor western blotting detected SHBG. Together, the results of this study suggest that OTR and SHBG play key roles in spermatogenesis and sperm maturation, being essential for male reproductive success.
Uncovering hidden states in African lion movement data using hidden Markov models
Authors: Goodall Victoria L. , Ferreira Sam M. , Funston Paul J. , Maruping-Mzileni Nkabeng
Published: May 2019

Context Direct observations of animals are the most reliable way to define their behavioural characteristics; however, to obtain these observations is costly and often logistically challenging. GPS tracking allows finer-scale interpretation of animal responses by measuring movement patterns; however, the true behaviour of the animal during the period of observation is seldom known. Aims The aim of our research was to draw behavioural inferences for a lioness with a hidden Markov model and to validate the predicted latent-state sequence with field observations of the lion pride. Methods We used hidden Markov models to model the movement of a lioness in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. A three-state log-normal model was selected as the most suitable model. The model outputs are related to collected data by using an observational model, such as, for example, a distribution for the average movement rate and/or direction of movement that depends on the underlying model states that are taken to represent behavioural states of the animal. These inferred behavioural states are validated against direct observation of the pride’s behaviour. Key results Average movement rate provided a useful alternative for the application of hidden Markov models to irregularly spaced GPS locations. The movement model predicted resting as the dominant activity throughout the day, with a peak in the afternoon. The local-movement state occurred consistently throughout the day, with a decreased proportion during the afternoon, when more resting takes place, and an increase towards the early evening. The relocating state had three peaks, namely, during mid-morning, early evening and about midnight. Because of the differences in timing of the direct observations and the GPS locations, we had to compare point observations of the true behaviour with an interval prediction of the modelled behavioural state. In 75% of the cases, the model-predicted behaviour and the field-observed behaviour overlapped. Conclusions Our data suggest that the hidden Markov modelling approach is successful at predicting a realistic behaviour of lions on the basis of the GPS location coordinates and the average movement rate between locations. The present study provided a unique opportunity to uncover the hidden states and compare the true behaviour with the inferred behaviour from the predicted state sequence. Implications Our results illustrated the potential of using hidden Markov models with movement rate as an input to understand carnivore behavioural patterns that could inform conservation management practices.
Monosyllabic and disyllabic roots in the diachronic development of Japanese mimetics
Authors: Hamano Shoko
Published: May 2019

It has been demonstrated that the distinction between monosyllabic and disyllabic roots is critical in synchronic analyses of Japanese sound-symbolic vocabulary (also known as mimetics). This chapter demonstrates the relevance of this distinction for the diachronic development of Japanese mimetic words. Specifically, the chapter traces the development of the syllable-final nasal /N/ and the voiceless fricative /h/ and argues that these elements existed in monosyllabic mimetic roots before they appeared with disyllabic mimetic roots. The chapter suggests that this dichotomy may have implications for broader issues of language evolution.
Cross-linguistic variation in phonaesthemic canonicity, with special reference to Korean and English
Authors: Kwon Nahyun
Published: May 2019

This study compares the canonicity values of Korean paradigmatic phonaesthemes (e.g., pɛŋpɛŋ: pʰɛŋpʰɛŋ ‘a neutral: stronger and more violent motion of circling’; piŋkɨl: pɛŋkɨl ‘twirling of a bigger: smaller object’) and of English non-paradigmatic phonaesthemes (e.g., gl- ‘vision, light’ in glisten, glitter, gleam, glow). Measured against Kwon and Round’s (2015) seven canonical criteria for phonaesthemes, it reveals that they are differentiated only in terms of the strict restriction of one meaning per form. The contribution of the current canonical analysis of variations in phonaesthemic phenomena is twofold: (i) it empirically clarifies the relationship between English and Korean phonaesthemes; and (ii) it demonstrates the utility of the proposed canonical criteria for phonaesthemes, for cross-linguistic comparisons of phonaesthemic phenomena.
Towards a semantic typological classification of motion ideophones
Authors: Ibarretxe-Antuñano Iraide
Published: May 2019

Motion ideophones are ubiquitous across languages. They expressively enact the way a motion event takes place. The main goal of this chapter is to offer a working proposal to classify motion ideophones from a semantic typological perspective. After a description of motion ideophones, the semantic grid for motion ideophones is presented. This consists of 7 first-level components plus 26 second-level and 121 third-level sub-components. The second part comprises two studies: a first-level analysis of 453 Basque motion ideophones and a fine-grained subcomponent analysis on a selection of 186 motion ideophones from 16 genetically and geographically different languages. The last section discusses the usefulness and applicability of this type of semantic typological classifications.
Iconicity in L2 Japanese speakers’ multi-modal language use
Authors: Iwasaki Noriko , Yoshioka Keiko
Published: May 2019

Japanese mimetics are often reported to be difficult for speakers of Japanese as a second/foreign language (L2). Recent work examining L2 Japanese learners’ comprehension/perception (e.g., Naito-Billen 2013; Nakaishi et al. 2014) found that understanding mimetics is indeed challenging even for advanced learners, but less is known about L2 speakers’ spontaneous use of mimetics and gesture, which are known to co-occur (Kita 1997). We examined the use of mimetics and co-speech gesture by L2 Japanese speakers whose first language (L1) is either English or Korean, focusing on narrations of video clips. The aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the role of L2 Japanese speakers’ L1 and their L2 proficiency in the use of mimetics (highly iconic phonomimes and less iconic phenomimes) and co-speech gesture. Our analyses show that differences in the availability of mimetics in a speaker’s L1 affect the use of L2 mimetics and gesture in a subtle manner. Regardless of L1, L2 Japanese speakers produced iconic co-speech gestures accompanying mimetics, especially for phonomimes. While the frequency of mimetics use does not correlate with the level of proficiency, the pattern of mimetic-gesture synchronization seems to reflect L2 proficiency. The results are discussed in terms of the two modes of representations involved in language use (Kita 1997; Dingemanse and Akita 2017).
An easy, inexpensive, and sensitive method for the quantification of chitin in insect peritrophic membrane by image processing
Authors: Nakata Ryu , Yoshinaga Naoko , Teraishi Masayoshi , Okumoto Yutaka , Mori Naoki
Published: May 2019

Chitin, poly (β-(1→4)-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine), is an important biopolymer for insects that is utilized as a major component of peritrophic membrane. The chitin content in peritrophic membrane is of expedient interest from a pest control perspective, although it is hard to quantify chitin. In this study, we establish a facile method for the quantification of chitin in peritrophic membrane by image processing. In this method, chitin was indirectly quantified using chitosan–I3− complex, which exhibited a specific red-purple color. A calibration curve using a chitosan solution showed good linearity in a concentration range of 0.05–0.5 μg/μL. We quantified the amount of chitin in peritrophic membrane of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae using this method. Throughout the study, only common inexpensive regents and easily attainable apparatuses were employed. This method can be easily applied to the sensitive quantification of the amounts of chitin and chitosan in materials by wide range of researchers.

Abbreviations: LOD: limit of detection; LOQ: limit of quantification; ROI: region of interest; RSD: relative standard deviation.
Speaking Accent-Free in L2 Beyond the Critical Period: The Compensatory Role of Individual Abilities and Opportunity Structures
Authors: Dollmann Jörg , Kogan Irena , Weißmann Markus
Published: May 2019

Given the controversies surrounding the critical period hypothesis on second-language (L2) learning outcomes, this study focuses on the phonological aspect of language acquisition—the strength of the foreign accent in L2. Drawing on data from a large-scale representative data set on immigrant adolescents in Germany—CILS4EU-DE—we first demonstrate that there is a critical period (CP) up to the age of around 10, after which obtaining oral language skills without a foreign accent becomes less likely. Second, we provide evidence that native-like language skills can be achieved after the CP if certain preconditions related to learning efficiency and language exposure are met. Our analyses indicate that higher cognitive abilities and exposure to a language environment with intensive and manifold contacts with native speakers can compensate for disadvantages caused by a late start in L2 acquisition. The results are discussed in the context of the linguistic and sociological scholarship of language acquisition and immigrant assimilation.
Increased creative thinking in narcolepsy
Authors: Lacaux Célia , Izabelle Charlotte , Santantonio Giulio , De Villèle Laure , Frain Johanna , Lubart Todd , Pizza Fabio , Plazzi Giuseppe , Arnulf Isabelle , Oudiette Delphine
Published: May 2019

Some studies suggest a link between creativity and rapid eye movement sleep. Narcolepsy is characterized by falling asleep directly into rapid eye movement sleep, states of dissociated wakefulness and rapid eye movement sleep (cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucinations, sleep paralysis, rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder and lucid dreaming) and a high dream recall frequency. Lucid dreaming (the awareness of dreaming while dreaming) has been correlated with creativity. Given their life-long privileged access to rapid eye movement sleep and dreams, we hypothesized that subjects with narcolepsy may have developed high creative abilities. To test this assumption, 185 subjects with narcolepsy and 126 healthy controls were evaluated for their level of creativity with two questionnaires, the Test of Creative Profile and the Creativity Achievement Questionnaire. Creativity was also objectively tested in 30 controls and 30 subjects with narcolepsy using the Evaluation of Potential Creativity test battery, which measures divergent and convergent modes of creative thinking in the graphic and verbal domains, using concrete and abstract problems. Subjects with narcolepsy obtained higher scores than controls on the Test of Creative Profile (mean ± standard deviation: 58.9 ± 9.6 versus 55.1 ± 10, P = 0.001), in the three creative profiles (Innovative, Imaginative and Researcher) and on the Creative Achievement Questionnaire (10.4 ± 25.7 versus 6.4 ± 7.6, P = 0.047). They also performed better than controls on the objective test of creative performance (4.3 ± 1.5 versus 3.7 ± 1.4; P = 0.009). Most symptoms of narcolepsy (including sleepiness, hypnagogic hallucinations, sleep paralysis, lucid dreaming, and rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder, but not cataplexy) were associated with higher scores on the Test of Creative Profile. These results highlight a higher creative potential in subjects with narcolepsy and further support a role of rapid eye movement sleep in creativity.
The prognosis of functional limb weakness: a 14-year case-control study
Authors: Gelauff Jeannette M , Carson Alan , Ludwig Lea , Tijssen Marina A J , Stone Jon
Published: May 2019

Reliable data on the prognosis of functional motor disorder are scarce, as existing studies of the prognosis of functional motor disorder are nearly all retrospective, small and uncontrolled. In this study we used a prospectively recruited, controlled cohort design to assess misdiagnosis, mortality and symptomatic and health outcome in patients with functional limb weakness compared to neurological disease and healthy control subjects. We also carried out an exploratory analysis for baseline factors predicting outcome. One hundred and seven patients with functional limb weakness, 46 neurological and 38 healthy control subjects from our previously studied prospective cohort were traced for follow-up after an average of 14 years. Misdiagnosis was determined in a consensus meeting using information from records, patients and their GPs. Numbers and causes of death were collected via death certificates. Outcome of limb weakness, physical and psychiatric symptoms, disability/quality of life and illness perception were recorded with self-rated questionnaires. Outcome measures were compared within and between groups. Seventy-six patients (71%) with functional limb weakness, 31 (67%) neurological and 23 (61%) healthy controls were included in follow-up. Misdiagnosis was found in one patient in the functional limb weakness group (1%) and in one neurological control (2%). Eleven patients with functional limb weakness, eight neurological control subjects and one healthy control subject had died. Weakness had completely remitted in 20% of patients in the functional limb weakness group and in 18% of the neurological controls (P = 0.785) and improved in a larger proportion of functional limb weakness patients (P = 0.011). Outcomes were comparable between patient groups, and worse than the healthy control group. No baseline factors were independent predictors of outcome, although somatization disorder, general health, pain and total symptoms at baseline were univariably correlated to outcome. This study is the largest and longest follow-up study of functional limb weakness. Misdiagnosis in functional limb weakness is rare after long-term follow-up. The disorder is associated with a higher mortality rate than expected, and symptoms are persistent and disabling. It appears difficult to predict outcome based on common baseline variables. These data should help inform clinicians to provide a more realistic outlook of the outcome and emphasize the importance of active and targeted therapy.
Attribute-Based Information Flow Control
Authors: Han Jinguang , Bei Maoxuan , Chen Liqun , Xiang Yang , Cao Jie , Guo Fuchun , Meng Weizhi
Published: May 2019

Information flow control (IFC) regulates where information is permitted to travel within information systems. To enforce IFC, access control encryption (ACE) was proposed to support both the no read-up rule and the no write-down rule. There are some problems in existing schemes. First, the communication cost is linear with the number of receivers. Second, senders are not authenticated, namely an unauthorized sender can send a message to a receiver. To reduce communication cost and implement sender authentication, we propose an attribute-based IFC (ABIFC) scheme by introducing attribute-based systems into IFC. Our ABIFC scheme captures the following features: (i) flexible IFC policies are defined over a universal set of descriptive attributes; (ii) both the no read-up rule and the no write-down rule are supported; (iii) the communication cost is linear with the number of required attributes, instead of receivers; (iv) receivers can outsource heavy computation to a server without compromising data confidentiality; (v) authorized senders can control release their attributes when sending messages to receivers. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first IFC scheme where flexible policies are defined over descriptive attributes and outsourced computation is supported.
The impacts of warming and hypoxia on the performance of an obligate ram ventilator
Authors: Crear Daniel P , Brill Rich W , Bushnell Peter G , Latour Robert J , Schwieterman Gail D , Steffen Rachel M , Weng Kevin C
Published: May 2019

Climate change is causing the warming and deoxygenation of coastal habitats like Chesapeake Bay that serve as important nursery habitats for many marine fish species. As conditions continue to change, it is important to understand how these changes impact individual species’ behavioral and metabolic performance. The sandbar shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus) is an obligate ram-ventilating apex predator whose juveniles use Chesapeake Bay as a nursery ground up to 10 years of age. The objective of this study was to measure juvenile sandbar shark metabolic and behavioral performance as a proxy for overall performance (i.e. fitness or success) when exposed to warm and hypoxic water. Juvenile sandbar sharks (79.5–113.5 cm total length) were collected from an estuary along the eastern shore of Virginia and returned to lab where they were fitted with an accelerometer, placed in a respirometer and exposed to varying temperatures and oxygen levels. Juvenile sandbar shark overall performance declined substantially at 32°C or when dissolved oxygen concentration was reduced below 3.5 mg l−1 (51% oxygen saturation between 24–32°C). As the extent of warm hypoxic water increases in Chesapeake Bay, we expect that the available sandbar shark nursery habitat will be reduced, which may negatively impact the population of sandbar sharks in the western Atlantic as well as the overall health of the ecosystem within Chesapeake Bay.
Capsule Retention in Crohn’s Disease: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Pasha Shabana F , Pennazio Marco , Rondonotti Emanuele , Wolf Douglas , Buras Matthew R , Albert Jörg G , Cohen Stanley A , Cotter Jose , D’Haens Geert , Eliakim Rami , Rubin David T , Leighton Jonathan A
Published: May 2019

This systematic review showed lower capsule retention rates in suspected and established Crohn’s disease than older literature. Retention rates were further reduced after patency capsule and cross-sectional imaging. Retention rates were also lower in pediatric compared with adult Crohn’s disease.
A mathematical framework for determining the stability of steady states of reaction–diffusion equations with periodic source terms
Authors: Ó Náraigh Lennon , Ee Pang Khang
Published: May 2019

We develop a mathematical framework for determining the stability of steady states of generic nonlinear reaction–diffusion equations with periodic source terms in one spatial dimension. We formulate an a priori condition for the stability of such steady states, which relies only on the properties of the steady state itself. The mathematical framework is based on Bloch’s theorem and Poincaré’s inequality for mean-zero periodic functions. Our framework can be used for stability analysis to determine the regions in an appropriate parameter space for which steady-state solutions are stable.
Ergot alkaloid exposure during gestation alters: 3. Fetal growth, muscle fiber development, and miRNA transcriptome1
Authors: Greene Maslyn A , Britt Jessica L , Powell Rhonda R , Feltus F Alex , Bridges William C , Bruce Terri , Klotz James L , Miller Markus F , Duckett Susan K
Published: May 2019

The objective of this study was to assess how exposure to ergot alkaloids during 2 stages of gestation alters fetal growth, muscle fiber formation, and miRNA expression. Pregnant ewes (n = 36; BW = 83.26 ± 8.14 kg; 4/group; 9 groups) were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with 2 tall fescue seed treatments [endophyte-infected (E+) vs. endophyte-free (E−)] fed during 2 stages of gestation (MID, days 35 to 85 vs. LATE, days 86 to 133), which created 4 possible treatments (E−/E−, E+/E−, E−/E+, or E+/E+). Ewes were individually fed a total mixed ration containing E+ or E− fescue seed according to treatment assignment. Terminal surgeries were conducted on day 133 of gestation for the collection of fetal measurements and muscle samples. Data were analyzed as a 2 × 2 factorial with fescue treatment, stage of gestation, and 2-way interaction as fixed effects. Fetuses exposed to E+ seed during LATE gestation had reduced (P = 0.0020) fetal BW by 10% compared with E− fetuses; however, fetal body weight did not differ (P = 0.41) with E+ exposure during MID gestation. Fetuses from ewes fed E+ seed during MID and LATE gestation tended to have smaller (P = 0.058) kidney weights compared with E− fetuses. Liver weight was larger (P = 0.0069) in fetuses fed E− during LATE gestation compared with E+. Fetal brain weight did not differ by fescue treatment fed during MID (P = 0.36) or LATE (P = 0.40) gestation. The percentage of brain to empty body weight (EBW) was greater (P = 0.0048) in fetuses from ewes fed E+ fescue seed during LATE gestation, which is indicative of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Primary muscle fiber number was lower (P = 0.0005) in semitendinosus (STN) of fetuses exposed to E+ during MID and/or LATE gestation compared with E−/E−. miRNA sequencing showed differential expression (P < 0.010) of 6 novel miRNAs including bta-miR-652_R+1, mdo-miR-22-3p, bta-miR-1277_R-1, ppy-miR-133a_L+1_1ss5TG, hsa-miR-129-1-3p, and ssc-miR-615 in fetal STN muscle. These miRNA are associated with glucose transport, insulin signaling, intracellular ATP, hypertension, or adipogenesis. This work supports the hypothesis that E+ tall fescue seed fed during late gestation reduces fetal weight and causes asymmetrical growth, which is indicative of IUGR. Changes in primary fiber number and miRNA of STN indicate that exposure to E+ fescue fed during MID and LATE gestation alters fetal muscle development that may affect postnatal muscle growth and meat quality.