bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Life Cycle Assessment of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Remediation Technologies: A Literature Review
Authors: Song Xingqiang , Montelius Malin , Carlsson Christel
Published: September 2024

The remediation of environments contaminated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has become a growing priority due to the persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic characteristics of these compounds. To promote green and sustainable remediation practices, it is crucial to assess and minimize the environmental impacts of PFAS remediation projects through life cycle assessment (LCA) at the early stages of planning. So far, no systematic literature review has been published to assess the current state of the art or identify the challenges associated with applying LCA to PFAS remediation. This article provides a review of the recent literature on LCAs of PFAS remediation, following the ISO 14040 and 14044 standards. The results indicate that the application of LCA to PFAS remediation remains in its infancy and is highly fragmented. Significant methodological variations, including differences in system boundaries and data quality, hinder the comparability and benchmarking of LCA results across studies. To enhance the use of LCA as a decision support tool for environmental assessment, there is a pressing need for methodological harmonization and improved practices. Key areas for improvement include enhancing data quality, reducing uncertainties, and increasing the robustness of PFAS LCAs, thereby enabling more informed and sustainable decision-making in PFAS remediation efforts.
Zinc Accumulation Pattern in Native Cortaderia nitida in High Andes (Ecuador) and Potential for Zinc Phytoremediation in Soil
Authors: Paredes-Páliz Karina I. , Mendoza Benito , Mesa-Marín Jennifer
Published: September 2024

The aim of this work was to determine the content of heavy metals in soil and, for the first time, in wild Cortaderia nitida, and to discuss its potential as a metal phytoremediator plant. We sampled sediments (bulk and rhizosphere) and C. nitida (roots and shoots) in three nearby spots with different land uses (urban, industrialized and agricultural) along the Chibunga river basin (Ecuador). We analyzed the physico-chemical parameters in soil and heavy metal contents in soil and plants. The agricultural sediments showed the highest conductivity and redox potential, but the lowest pH. Among all the metals analyzed in soil and plants, we only found significant values of Zn and Fe. We observed clear differences in patterns of Zn distribution throughout soil and plants among the three areas sampled, thus suggesting that soil properties played an important role in Zn compartmentalization. Also, C. nitida demonstrated effective Zn translocation from roots to shoots, especially in farmlands (translocation factors between 1.64 and 2.51). Together with the results obtained for other Cortaderia species in metal-polluted areas, this study proposes C. nitida as a candidate to further study its metal phytoremediation potential and encourages this research in heavy metal-enriched soils.
The Combined Effects of the Thermal Environment and Air Quality at Recreation Places on the Physiology and Psychology of People in Urban Parks
Authors: Lan Yuxiang , Wang Jingjing , Huang Yaling , Tang Yuanyang , Liu Zhanhua , Zheng Jiahui , Yao Xiong , Zhu Zhipeng , Dong Jianwen , Chen Ye
Published: September 2024

Urban forests, crucial to urban ecosystems, are increasingly threatened by the challenges of urbanization, such as deteriorating thermal environments and declining air quality. Despite their recognized benefits to city dwellers’ quality of life, a systematic understanding of the impact of these environmental factors on public psychophysiological well-being in recreational sites is a notable gap in the literature. The objective of this research was to bridge this gap by examining the effects of the thermal environment and air quality in urban forests on the public’s perception, offering scientific evidence to inform environmental optimization and health management strategies for urban parks, essential for sustainable urban development and public health. Three urban parks in Fuzhou, Fujian Province, namely Fuzhou National Forest Park, Xihu Park, and Jinniushan Sports Park, were selected as research sites. Environmental monitoring and questionnaire surveys were conducted at 24 recreation places from October to December 2020, collecting temperature, humidity, and wind speed; the atmospheric composition includes PM2.5, PM10, negative oxygen ion, and psychophysiological data from the public. Multivariate statistical methods were employed to assess the environmental characteristics of different recreation places types and their impact on public health. The findings reveal that environmental factors explained 1.9% to 11.8% of the variation in physiological and psychological responses, mainly influenced by temperature, wind speed, and negative oxygen ions. Forests and waterfront recreation places significantly outperform canopy and open recreation places in promoting mental invigoration, stress relief, emotional tranquility, and attention restoration. Environmental monitoring results indicate that favorable meteorological conditions and good air quality are crucial for enhancing the service functions of recreation places. Notably, the positive correlation between a negative air ion concentration and psychological well-being provides a novel perspective on understanding the health benefits of urban forests. The thermal environment and air quality of urban recreation places exert a significant influence on the psychophysiological status of the public. Increasing green coverage, improving water body environments, and rationally planning recreation places layout are of great theoretical and practical significance for enhancing the environmental quality and service functions of urban forests.
Intelligent Fire Suppression Devices Based on Microcapsules Linked to Sensor Internet of Things
Authors: Yoon Jong-Hwa , Zhao Xiang , Yoon Dal-Hwan
Published: September 2024

Most fire spread is caused by the absence of suppression means at the beginning of the fire. This results in the missed golden time. There are various factors that cause initial fires, such as electrical outlets, general distribution circuits, and oil–vapor–gas cluster spaces. In most cases, these places are out of reach of human hands or they lose the initial suppression time when a fire occurs, causing the spread of fire. This study implements an intelligent fire suppression device that connects sensor IoT based on microcapsules to secure initial fire suppression and golden time in the event of a fire in blind spots that cannot be seen by humans or at a time when it is difficult to recognize a fire. The microcapsule is a micro-collection unit that collects Novec 1230 gas generated in the semiconductor production process. The microcapsule is molded into a form with a fire suppression function and, when a fire occurs, the molded body explodes and absorbs ambient oxygen to suppress the fire. The complex-sensor IoT executes smoke and heat detection generated when a fire is suppressed within 10 s, which ensures the reliability of the detector by notifying of the fire and detecting the ignition point through communication linkages such as Ieee 485 and WiFi or LoRa.
Effect of Dietary Short-Chain Fatty Acids on the Immune Status and Disease Resistance of European Seabass Juveniles
Authors: Fontinha Filipa , Martins Nicole , Bonin Filippo , Magalhães Rui , Santos Rafaela , Peres Helena , Oliva-Teles Aires
Published: September 2024

(1) Background: This study aimed to evaluate the potential of short-chain fatty acids as functional ingredients to improve the immune status and disease resistance of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. (2) Methods: For that purpose, triplicate groups of fish with an initial body weight of 15.2 ± 0.03 g were fed isoproteic (43% crude protein) and isolipidic (18% crude lipids) diets supplemented with sodium acetate (SA), sodium propionate (SP), and sodium butyrate (SB) at two inclusion levels: 0.25% and 0.50%. An unsupplemented diet was used as a control. After 56 days of feeding with the experimental diets, fish were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with 100 µL of Vibrio anguillarum (1.2 × 107 Colony Forming Units (CFU)/mL) and mortality was recorded for 3 weeks. At the end of the trial, there were no differences in survival between the treatment groups and the control, but survival was higher in fish fed the diet supplemented with SB 0.50 than SP 0.25 (93.3 vs. 66.7%). Compared to the pre-challenge values, and regardless of diet composition, all hematological parameters (hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells, white blood cells) measured decreased after 4 h of bacterial challenge, except for neutrophils which were increased. Independently of diet composition, lysozyme and nitric oxide decreased at 4 and 24 h post infection. Compared to the control, diets supplemented with SA and SP promoted an up-regulation of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines at 4 h after the challenge, while the diets supplemented with SB promoted an up-regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines at 24 h after the challenge. (3) Conclusions: Overall, present results suggest that SA and SP provide a fast response to a bacterial challenge in European sea bass juveniles, while SB provides increased survival.
A Hierarchical RF-XGBoost Model for Short-Cycle Agricultural Product Sales Forecasting
Authors: Li Jiawen , Lin Binfan , Wang Peixian , Chen Yanmei , Zeng Xianxian , Liu Xin , Chen Rongjun
Published: September 2024

Short-cycle agricultural product sales forecasting significantly reduces food waste by accurately predicting demand, ensuring producers match supply with consumer needs. However, the forecasting is often subject to uncertain factors, resulting in highly volatile and discontinuous data. To address this, a hierarchical prediction model that combines RF-XGBoost is proposed in this work. It adopts the Random Forest (RF) in the first layer to extract residuals and achieve initial prediction results based on correlation features from Grey Relation Analysis (GRA). Then, a new feature set based on residual clustering features is generated after the hierarchical clustering is applied to classify the characteristics of the residuals. Subsequently, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) acts as the second layer that utilizes those residual clustering features to yield the prediction results. The final prediction is by incorporating the results from the first layer and second layer correspondingly. As for the performance evaluation, using agricultural product sales data from a supermarket in China from 1 July 2020 to 30 June 2023, the results demonstrate superiority over standalone RF and XGBoost, with a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) reduction of 10% and 12%, respectively, and a coefficient of determination (R2) increase of 22% and 24%, respectively. Additionally, its generalization is validated across 42 types of agricultural products from six vegetable categories, showing its extensive practical ability. Such performances reveal that the proposed model beneficially enhances the precision of short-term agricultural product sales forecasting, with the advantages of optimizing the supply chain from producers to consumers and minimizing food waste accordingly.
A Comprehensive Overview of Postbiotics with a Special Focus on Discovery Techniques and Clinical Applications
Authors: Kumar Anand , Green Katelyn M. , Rawat Manmeet
Published: September 2024

The increasing interest in postbiotics, a term gaining recognition alongside probiotics and prebiotics, aligns with a growing number of clinical trials demonstrating positive outcomes for specific conditions. Postbiotics present several advantages, including safety, extended shelf life, ease of administration, absence of risk, and patentability, making them more appealing than probiotics alone. This review covers various aspects, starting with an introduction, terminology, classification of postbiotics, and brief mechanisms of action. It emphasizes microbial metabolomics as the initial step in discovering novel postbiotics. Commonly employed techniques such as NMR, GC-MS, and LC-MS are briefly outlined, along with their application principles and limitations in microbial metabolomics. The review also examines existing research where these techniques were used to identify, isolate, and characterize postbiotics derived from different microbial sources. The discovery section concludes by highlighting challenges and future directions to enhance postbiotic discovery. In the second half of the review, we delve deeper into numerous published postbiotic clinical trials to date. We provide brief overviews of system-specific trial applications, their objectives, the postbiotics tested, and their outcomes. The review concludes by highlighting ongoing applications of postbiotics in extended clinical trials, offering a comprehensive overview of the current landscape in this evolving field.
The Impact of Storytelling about an Innovative and Sustainable Organic Beef Production System on Product Acceptance, Preference, and Satisfaction
Authors: Najdek Beata Ewa , Chaaban Nora , Therkildsen Margrethe , Andersen Barbara Vad
Published: September 2024

Food labels and storytelling are marketing tools used by the food industry to highlight and communicate important product characteristics to consumers. By using these tools, food companies can influence consumers’ attitudes toward the product and potentially the likelihood of purchase. In the present study, we investigated how storytelling about an innovative and sustainable organic beef production system influenced participants’ preference and acceptance of a veal steak product and, further, if some information characteristics were more important than others for consumer satisfaction. Without being aware that the samples were identical, participants (n = 224) tasted two veal steak samples: one steak sample was presented with information about the production system, and the other without information. Results showed that when the steak sample was presented with product information, compared to without information, it received significantly higher hedonic ratings (overall liking, liking of flavor, and liking of texture). This was likewise reflected in a greater preference for the steak sample when presented with product information. Furthermore, product information was found to positively impact the participants’ satisfaction with the steak sample regardless of their preference. Overall, our results suggest that the use of storytelling about the innovative and sustainable product system for veal steaks can positively influence consumers’ attitudes toward the product.
Interactions of White Mugwort (Artemisia lactiflora Wall.) Extract with Food Ingredients during In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion and Their Impact on Bioaccessibility of Polyphenols in Various Model Systems
Authors: Udomwasinakun Nacha , Saha Shikha , Mulet-Cabero Ana-Isabel , Wilde Peter J. , Pirak Tantawan
Published: September 2024

The bioaccessibility of phytochemicals is an important factor for new functional food design. The interaction of white mugwort extract (FE) and food ingredients (coconut oil, egg white albumen, brown rice powder, inulin, and mixtures thereof) was determined after in vitro digestion to inform the development of a functional soup for an aging population. Coconut oil exerted a protective effect on polyphenols, showing the highest bioaccessibility (62.9%) and antioxidant activity after intestinal digestion (DPPH 12.38 mg GAE/g DW, FRAP 0.88 mol Fe(ll)/g DW). In contrast, egg white albumen had the most significant negative effect on the polyphenol stability, resulting in the lowest bioaccessibility (12.49%). Moreover, FE promoted the emulsion stability and delayed starch digestion by inhibiting amylase activity via non-specific polyphenol–protein interactions, resulting in a decrease in the total reducing sugars (TRS) released during digestion. It also limited the protein digestion, probably due to the complex formation of polyphenols and proteins, consequently reducing the bioaccessibility of both amino acids and polyphenols. These findings provide useful information for designing functional food products that could promote the bioaccessibility and bioactivity of natural extracts.
Anti-Melanogenic Potential of Malabar Spinach (Basella alba) in Human Melanoma Cells with Oxidative Stress Suppression and Anti-Inflammatory Activities
Authors: Linsaenkart Pichchapa , Ruksiriwanich Warintorn , Sringarm Korawan , Arjin Chaiwat , Rachtanapun Pornchai , Chittasupho Chuda , Castagnini Juan M. , Chutoprapat Romchat , Mueller Anja , Boonpisuttinant Korawinwich
Published: September 2024

Basella alba has been used in Thai remedies to treat skin disorders, but scientific evidence supporting its efficacy is currently limited. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of B. alba extracts on melanin production using melanoma cells, as well as their impact on oxidative stress and inflammation in keratinocytes. The results demonstrate that B. alba extracts inhibited melanin content and cellular tyrosinase activity in 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX)-induced melanoma cells by downregulating MITF and the pigmentary genes TYR, TRP-1, and DCT. Interestingly, the MITF regulator gene was inhibited by both the 50% and 95% ethanolic extracts of B. alba with levels of 0.97 ± 0.19 and 0.92 ± 0.09 of the control, respectively, which are comparable to those observed in the arbutin treatment group at 0.84 ± 0.05 of the control. Moreover, after hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exposure, pretreatment with B. alba reduced lipid peroxidation byproducts and increased the levels of antioxidant-related genes, including SOD-1, GPX-1, and NRF2. Notably, the suppression of the POMC promoter gene in keratinocytes was observed, which may disrupt melanogenesis in melanocytes involving the MC1R signaling pathway. MC1R mRNA expression decreased in the treatments with 50% and 95% ethanolic extracts of B. alba, with relative levels of 0.97 ± 0.18 and 0.90 ± 0.10 of the control, respectively, similar to the arbutin-treated group (0.88 ± 0.25 of control). A significant reduction in nitric oxide was also observed in the B. alba-treated groups, along with a decrease in genes associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, and COX-2. These findings suggest that B. alba has potential in the prevention of skin-related problems.
Sequence Segmentation of Nematodes in Atlantic Cod with Multispectral Imaging Data
Authors: Sigurðardóttir Andrea Rakel , Sveinsdóttir Hildur Inga , Schultz Nette , Einarsson Hafsteinn , Gudjónsdóttir María
Published: September 2024

Nematodes pose significant challenges for the fish processing industry, particularly in white fish. Despite technological advances, the industry still depends on manual labor for the detection and extraction of nematodes. This study addresses the initial steps of automatic nematode detection and differentiation from other common defects in fish fillets, such as skin remnants and blood spots. VideometerLab 4, an advanced Multispectral Imaging (MSI) System, was used to acquire 270 images of 50 Atlantic cod fillets under controlled conditions. In total, 173 nematodes were labeled using the Segment Anything Model (SAM), which is trained to automatically segment objects of interest from only few representative pixels. With the acquired dataset, we study the potential of identifying nematodes through their spectral signature. We incorporated normalized Canonical Discriminant Analysis (nCDA) to develop segmentation models trained to distinguish between different components within the fish fillets. By incorporating multiple segmentation models, we aimed to achieve a satisfactory balance between false negatives and false positives. This resulted in 88% precision and 79% recall for our annotated test data. This approach could improve process control by accurately identifying fillets with nematodes. Using MSI minimizes unnecessary inspection of fillets in good condition and concurrently boosts product safety and quality.
Study on Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of LAP3 Gene and Its Correlation with Dairy Quality Traits of Gannan Yak
Authors: Wang Tong , Ma Xiaoming , Feng Fen , Zheng Fei , Zheng Qingbo , Zhang Juanxiang , Zhang Minghao , Ma Chaofan , Deng Jingying , Guo Xian , Chu Min , La Yongfu , Bao Pengjia , Pan Heping , Liang Chunnian , Yan Ping
Published: September 2024

This study explored the polymorphism of the leucine aminopeptidase (LAP3) gene and its relationship with milk quality characteristics in Gannan yak. A cohort of 162 Gannan yak was genotyped utilizing the Illumina Yak cGPS 7K BeadChip, and the identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were evaluated for their association with milk protein, casein, lactose, and fat concentrations. The results showed that four SNPs (g.4494G > A, g.5919A > G, g.8033G > C, and g.15,615A > G) in the LAP3 gene exhibited polymorphism with information content values of 0.267, 0.267, 0.293, and 0.114, respectively. All four SNPs were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (p > 0.05). The g.4494G > A and g.5919A > G SNPs were significantly associated with protein content (p < 0.05), with homozygous genotypes showing significantly higher protein content than heterozygous genotypes (p < 0.05). The g.8033G > C SNP was significantly associated with casein content, protein content, non-fat solids, and acidity (p < 0.05), with the CC genotype having significantly higher casein, protein, and non-fat solids content than the GG and GC genotypes (p < 0.05). The g.15,615A > G SNP was significantly associated with average fat globule diameter (p < 0.05). In general, the mutations within the LAP3 gene demonstrated a positive impact on milk quality traits in Gannan yak, with mutated genotypes correlating with enhanced milk quality. These results indicate that the LAP3 gene could be a significant or candidate gene affecting milk quality traits in Gannan yak and offer potential genetic markers for molecular breeding programs in this species.
A Comparative Analysis of the Prediction of Gas Condensate Dew Point Pressure Using Advanced Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Lertliangchai Thitaree , Dindoruk Birol , Lu Ligang , Yang Xi , Sinha Utkarsh
Published: September 2024

Dew point pressure (DPP) emerges as a pivotal factor crucial for forecasting reservoir dynamics regarding condensate-to-gas ratio and addressing production/completion hurdles, alongside calibrating EOS models for integrated simulation. However, DPP presents challenges in terms of predictability. Acknowledging these complexities, we introduce a state-of-the-art approach for DPP estimation utilizing advanced machine learning (ML) techniques. Our methodology is juxtaposed against published empirical correlation-based methods on two datasets with limited sizes and diverse inputs. With superior performance over correlation-based estimators, our ML approach demonstrates adaptability and resilience even with restricted training datasets, spanning various fluid classifications. We acquired condensate PVT data from publicly available sources and GeoMark RFDBASE, encompassing dew point pressure (the target variable), as well as compositional data (mole percentages of each component), temperature, molecular weight (MW), and specific gravity (SG) of heptane plus, which served as input variables. Before initiating the study, thorough assessments of measurement quality and results using statistical methods were conducted leveraging domain expertise. Subsequently, advanced ML techniques were employed to train predictive models with cross-validation to mitigate overfitting to the limited datasets. Our models were juxtaposed against the foremost published DDP estimators utilizing empirical correlation-based methods, with correlation-based estimators also trained on the underlying datasets for equitable comparison. To improve outcomes, pseudo-critical properties and artificial proxy features were utilized, leveraging generalized input data.
Vulnerability and Defence: A Case for Stackelberg Game Dynamics
Authors: Iqbal Azhar , Honhaga Ishan , Teffera Eyoel , Perry Anthony , Baker Robin , Pearce Glen , Szabo Claudia
Published: September 2024

This paper examines the tactical interaction between drones and tanks in modern warfare through game theory, particularly focusing on Stackelberg equilibrium and backward induction. It describes a high-stakes conflict between two teams: one using advanced drones for attack, and the other defending using tanks. The paper conceptualizes this as a sequential game, illustrating the complex strategic dynamics similar to Stackelberg competition, where moves and countermoves are carefully analyzed and predicted.
The Amhara of Ethiopia: Embracing and Using Imposed Identity to Resist Injustice
Authors: Melaku Tadesse
Published: September 2024

Ethnic identities often solidify in response to perceived or actual injustices endured by groups. Historically, Amharic-speaking people in Ethiopia have resisted ethnic identification, aligning instead with broader Ethiopian nationalism. However, the rise of extreme ethnonationalist forces in the country has subjected the group to negative narratives, violence, and marginalisation, associating them with past state domination. In response, the Amhara have increasingly embraced ethnic identity as a form of self-defence. This study employs thematic analysis to explore the experiences of the Amhara people and the subsequent emergence of their collective identity, including the rise of resistance movements. Despite this new alignment, Amhara elites and activists paradoxically maintain a strong commitment to Ethiopian unity, reflecting a complex duality in their socio-political stance. This balancing act illustrates their struggle to survive while remaining loyal to national unity. The article argues that sustained violence and marginalisation have catalysed the rise of Amhara group consciousness, transforming Ethiopia’s political landscape. This study offers broader insights into how group mentality can emerge as a response to systematic and sustained injustice and the implications this has for redefining power politics in Ethiopia and beyond, providing insights for policymaking and future research.
Comparison of B-Cell Lupus and Lymphoma Using a Novel Immune Imbalance Transcriptomics Algorithm Reveals Potential Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Rapier-Sharman Naomi , Kim Sehi , Mudrow Madelyn , Told Michael T. , Fischer Lane , Fawson Liesl , Parry Joseph , Poole Brian D. , O’Neill Kim L. , Piccolo Stephen R. , Pickett Brett E.
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: Systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus) and B-cell lymphoma (lymphoma) co-occur at higher-than-expected rates and primarily depend on B cells for their pathology. These observations implicate shared inflammation-related B cell molecular mechanisms as a potential cause of co-occurrence. Methods: We consequently implemented a novel Immune Imbalance Transcriptomics (IIT) algorithm and applied IIT to lupus, lymphoma, and healthy B cell RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data to find shared and contrasting mechanisms that are potential therapeutic targets. Results: We observed 7143 significantly dysregulated genes in both lupus and lymphoma. Of those genes, we found 5137 to have a significant immune imbalance, defined as a significant dysregulation by both diseases, as analyzed by IIT. Gene Ontology (GO) term and pathway enrichment of the IIT genes yielded immune-related “Neutrophil Degranulation” and “Adaptive Immune System”, which validates that the IIT algorithm isolates biologically relevant genes in immunity and inflammation. We found that 344 IIT gene products are known targets for established and/or repurposed drugs. Among our results, we found 48 known and 296 novel lupus targets, along with 151 known and 193 novel lymphoma targets. Known disease drug targets in our IIT results further validate that IIT isolates genes with disease-relevant mechanisms. Conclusions: We anticipate the IIT algorithm, together with the shared and contrasting gene mechanisms uncovered here, will contribute to the development of immune-related therapeutic options for lupus and lymphoma patients.
Trigger Point Therapy Techniques as an Effective Unconventional Method of Treating Tension Headaches: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dolina Aleksandra , Baszczowski Michał , Wilkowicz Wiktor , Zieliński Grzegorz , Szkutnik Jacek , Gawda Piotr
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives The main aim of the literature review was to determine whether different trigger point therapy techniques are effective in decreasing the intensity, frequency, and duration of tension-type headaches. An additional aim was to assess the impact of trigger point therapy on other physical and psychological variables in tension-type headaches. Methods This literature review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, and the inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed using the PICO(s) strategy. Searches were carried out in four databases: PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, and PEDro. Results Of the 9 included studies with 370 participants, 6 studies were randomised controlled trials, 2 were pilot studies, and 1 was a case report. Conclusions Trigger point therapy has reduced the duration, intensity, and frequency of headaches. Dry needling, ischaemic compression, Positional Relaxation Techniques, and massage protocols focused on deactivating trigger points are effective methods of unconventional treatment of tension-type headaches.
Comparison of Externally Transferred and Self-Recruited Patients with Hip and Knee Revision Arthroplasty at a Certified Maximum-Care Arthroplasty Center (ACmax)
Authors: Eismann Anika Marit , Klinder Annett , Mittelmeier Wolfram , Rohde-Lindner Martina , Osmanski-Zenk Katrin
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: According to the guidelines of the EndoCert initiative, certified maximum-care arthroplasty centers (ACmax) are obliged to admit patients from certified arthroplasty centers (AC) if these patients need to be transferred to the more specialized ACmax due to difficult replacement and revision procedures as well as after complications in primary care that are beyond the expertise of the smaller centers. This study investigated whether the cohort of transferred patients differed from the patients directly recruited at the ACmax for factors such as severity of diagnosis, comorbidities or outcome. The aim was to determine whether transferred patients increased the resource requirements for the ACmax. Methods: A total of 136 patients were included in the retrospective study and analyzed in terms of case severity, length of hospital stays (LOS), Diagnosis-Related Group charges, readmission rate and concomitant diseases. All patients were followed for up to 12 months after the initial hospital stay. Results: There were significant differences between the groups of transferred and self-recruited patients. For example, transferred patients had a higher Patient Clinical Complexity Level (PCCL). Similarly, the increased Case Mix Index (CMI) of transferred patients indicated more intensive care during the inpatient stay. The higher values for the comorbidity indices also supported these results. This had an impact on the LOS and overall costs, too. The differences between the groups were also reflected by adverse events during the one-year follow-up. The higher percentage of patients with septic revisions, whose treatment is especially demanding, among transferred patients aggravated the differences even further. Thus, transferred patients were associated with increased resource requirements for the ACmax. Conclusions: While it serves patients’ safety to transfer them to an ACmax with specialized expertise and greater structural quality, the care of transferred patients ties up considerable resources at the ACmax that might only be insufficiently reimbursed by the generalized tariffs.
Multivariate Analysis and Optimization Scheme of the Relationship between Leaf Nutrients and Fruit Quality in ‘Bingtang’ Sweet Orange Orchards
Authors: Cao Sheng , Zeng Bin , Zhou Xuan , Deng Sufeng , Zhang Wen , Luo Sainan , Ouyang Mengyun , Yang Shuizhi
Published: September 2024

Citrus trees require a balanced and adequate supply of macronutrient and micronutrient elements for high yield and fruit quality. Foliar nutrient analysis has been widely used in fruit-tree nutrient diagnosis and fertilization calculation. However, there is no information on ways to produce optimal fruit quality in sweet oranges. In the present study, fruit and leaf samples were collected from 120 ‘Bingtang’ sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] orchards during four consecutive years (2019–2022). Parameters of leaf nutrition and fruit quality were analyzed based on these samples. Diagnostic results based on leaf classification standards indicated that the most deficient elements were Ca, Mg, and B, followed by N and Zn. Fruit quality, determined by single fruit weight (SFW), fruit shape index (FSI), total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), vitamin C (Vc), and maturation index (MI = TSS/TA) during fruit maturation, exhibited inconsistent responses to leaf mineral nutrition concentrations. The leaf-nutrient optimum values for high quality of the ‘Bingtang’ sweet orange fruit were ranges of 2.41–4.92% N, 0.10–0.28% P, 1.30–2.11% K, 2.99% Ca, 0.26–0.41% Mg, 340–640 mg/kg S, 89.65–127.46 mg/kg Fe, 13.48–51.93 mg/kg Mn, 2.60–13.84 mg/kg Cu, 15.59–51.48 mg/kg Zn, and 53.95 mg/kg for B. These results suggest the leaf-nutrient optimum values for diagnosis can be used not only to identify the nutrient constraints but also to provide guidance for the establishment of fertilization regimes in citrus cultivation.
Phenylalanine, Cysteine, and Sodium Selenate Alleviate Chilling Injury in Cape Gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) Seedlings by Enhancing Antioxidant Activities and Membrane Stability
Authors: Akbari Arezoo , Barzegar Taher , Rabiei Vali , Nicola Silvana
Published: September 2024

Low temperature is a major environmental factor that negatively affects the growth and productivity of plants, such as the tropical fruit Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.), which is susceptible to cold stress. Therefore, to investigate the effect of the amino acid L-phenylalanine (Phe), L-cysteine (Cys), or sodium selenite (Se) on enhancing antioxidant activities, experiments were conducted on the phenolic compounds, proline content, and membrane stability of Cape gooseberry seedlings under low-temperature stress. The seedlings were exposed for 48 h to a low temperature (4 °C) followed by 24 h of optimal growth conditions. In seedlings treated with Se, we found a high relative water content, good membrane integrity, low ion leakage, and hydrogen peroxide. Additionally, this treatment led to the improvement of photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant activity. The analysis of seedlings under cold stress showed that the Phe enhanced the stomatal conductance and phenol content. Furthermore, low concentrations of Cys resulted in the production of proline and flavonoids, which reduced the negative effects of environmental stress on seedlings and maintained cell membrane integrity. Overall, in this experiment, the use of Se and low concentrations of Cys had a positive effect on the amount of antioxidant compounds, which improved seedling growth under stress conditions.
Effects of Different Shade Treatments on the Epidermal Wax Deposition of Hosta Genotypes with Different Glaucousness of Leaf Surface
Authors: Guan Ping , Chen Siyu , Sun Jiaying , Zhao Shuyi , Fan Ren , Xu Yufeng , Qu Bo
Published: September 2024

Epidermal wax is strategically situated at the interface between plants and air; therefore, it plays a key role in plants’ interactions with their surroundings. It is also unstable and susceptible to light intensity. Hosta plants are shade-loving herbs with admirable flowers and leaves. Hosta ‘Halcyon’ and Hosta ensata F. Maek. are two species of Hosta with a glaucous and a glossy appearance, respectively. Light intensity can affect the composition of epicuticular wax on the leaf surface, which influences the leaf color phenotype and ornamental value. In this paper, the crystal micromorphology, content, and components of epicuticular wax on the leaves of two species of Hosta under different light conditions (10%-, 30%-, 50%-, 70%-, and 100%-intensity sunlight, relative light intensity (RLI)) have been studied using pot experiments. The results indicate that the epicuticular wax crystals of H. ‘Halcyon’ and H. ensata are tubular and platelet-like, respectively. The wax crystals of H. ‘Halcyon’ melted and formed a thick crust under 100% RLI, and those of H. ensata melted and formed a thick crust under 70% and 100% RLI conditions. The primary ingredients of the epicuticular wax of the two species of Hosta contained primary alcohols, alkanes, fatty acids, and esters; β-diketones were only detected in H. ‘Halcyon’. The quantity of epicuticular wax of H. ‘Halcyon’ reduced at first and then increased with an RLI increase, achieving its lowest value at 50% RLI, but that of H. ensata declined little by little. The amounts of C28 primary alcohols, C31 alkanes, and C18 fatty acids were significantly higher than those of other carbon atoms in the two genotypes of Hosta. The C31β-diketones content decreased with the increase in light intensity, which caused the white frost phenotype to gradually weaken in H. ‘Halcyon’.
Influence of Cultivar-Dependent Alstroemeria Floral Emissions on Frankliniella occidentalis Host Selection Behavior
Authors: Cubillos-Quijano Luis Gerardo , Díaz Marco Antonio , Rodríguez Daniel , Coy-Barrera Ericsson
Published: September 2024

Frankliniella occidentalis, commonly known as the western flower thrips (WFT), is one of the world’s most significant cosmopolitan pests. This pest infests many ornamental species, including Alstroemeria, leading to substantial economic losses. F. occidentalis damages flowers, transmits viruses, and causes the rejection of shipments for exports. Farmers have observed variations in the occurrence of F. occidentalis among different Alstroemeria cultivars. It is hypothesized that differences in flower color and odor among cultivars may influence the host-choice behavior of this insect, potentially explaining the observed variations in incidence and damage in the field. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed one year’s worth of sampling data for the occurrence of the WFT complex in a commercial Alstroemeria greenhouse crop. This analysis identified cultivars with high and low thrips incidences. The ‘Himalaya’ and ‘Whistler’ cultivars exhibited the highest incidence, while the ‘Shakira’ and ‘Nora’ cultivars showed the lowest incidence values. To investigate the potential role of host odors in these field incidence differences, we conducted behavioral tests (choice, non-choice, and repellency) using glass boxes where visual stimuli were blocked. These tests confirmed a differential attraction response of thrips to the flowers of Alstroemeria cultivars, although all cultivars were viable options for WFT choice. Preferences under laboratory conditions differed from the incidence observed in the greenhouse, ruling out a repellency effect of some cultivars on insects. This study provides evidence that differential emissions from Alstroemeria flowers can influence host selection by WFT, a phenomenon that warrants further in-depth exploration in future studies.
Importance of Prefabrication to Easing Construction Workers’ Experience of Mental Health Stressors
Authors: Fagbenro Rasaki Kolawole , Sunindijo Riza Yosia , Illankoon Chethana , Frimpong Samuel
Published: September 2024

Construction is widely acknowledged for its socioeconomic contributions, although it is also always considered as a dangerous and incident-prone industry. As a new method of working, prefabrication presents better work environments and other benefits that can potentially improve the safety and mental health of construction workers. This study compares the extent of stressors in traditional and prefabricated construction. Eighty-four construction site and factory-based workers in Australia were surveyed. Prefabricated construction respondents reported less experience of industry-related, management/organisational, and personal stressors. Specifically, the stressors found to be weakened by prefabrication were mental fatigue, work injuries, poor working conditions, unfavourable shift rosters, work overload, and poor work–life balance. Furthermore, the degree of the experience of potential mental health improvement factors such as labour effort efficiency, reduced on-site trade overlap, increased mechanised construction, and less dependence on weather conditions, among others, was significantly higher in prefabrication than in traditional construction. The influence of prefabrication on measures of poor and positive mental health is recommended for further studies, particularly by finding its links with the different groups of construction workers.
Effects of a Social–Emotional Learning Intervention on Social–Emotional Competencies and Behavioral Problems in Elementary Students Amid COVID-19
Authors: Raimundo Raquel , Oliveira Sofia , Roberto Magda Sofia , Marques-Pinto Alexandra
Published: September 2024

This study investigated whether a social–emotional learning program, implemented over a one-year period, could lead to gains in social–emotional competencies and to a reduction in internalizing and externalizing problems in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the program analyzed how students (boys vs. girls) with varying levels of social–emotional competencies and externalizing and internalizing problems, and from different socioeconomic backgrounds, were differently affected. The program was applied to 358 Portuguese third- and fourth-grade students (51.4% boys, Mage = 8.56; SD = 0.82). Self-report (students) and hetero-report (teachers) questionnaires were administered before and after the intervention. Linear mixed-effects models were computed to test intervention impacts. Significant intervention gains were noted in social–emotional learning competencies, namely emotional knowledge, social competence, peer relations, self-management, and academic behavior, and in externalizing (social problems) and internalizing (anxiety) problems. No effects were found in aggressiveness. Students with lower social–emotional competencies and higher externalizing and internalizing problems at baseline profited more from the program. Gender moderated both emotional knowledge and social problems, and socioeconomic status only moderated social problems. Findings highlight the effectiveness of this social–emotional learning program, especially for students facing initial challenges. Recommendations for future research, acknowledging limitations and strengths, are discussed.
Beyond Numbers: Decoding the Gendered Tapestry of Non-Communicable Diseases in India
Authors: Niazi Farah , Rahique Abdul , Sriram Shyamkumar , Kaur Karuna Nidhi , Saeed Shazina
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) represent a major global health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like India, with significant gender disparities in mortality and disease burden. This study aims to investigate these disparities, using data from national health surveys, to inform gender-specific public health strategies and align with global health goals. Methodology: The study uses data from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) and National Family Health Surveys (NFHS-4 and NFHS-5). Result: The results from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) and National Family Health Surveys (NFHS-4 and NFHS-5) indicate significant demographic and health-related variations among 65,562 participants. Key findings show gender disparities in lifestyle habits such as alcohol and tobacco use, and differences in health outcomes across age, education, and socioeconomic status. Notably, an increase in NCD prevalence, particularly hypertension and diabetes, was observed from NFHS-4 to NFHS-5, highlighting evolving health challenges in India. Conclusions: The study emphasizes the importance of gender in the prevalence and management of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in India, advocating for public health strategies that address gender differences, socio-economic factors, and urban-rural disparities to achieve health equity.
The Translated and Adapted Brazilian Version of the Behavioral Enabling Scale for Family Members of Psychoactive Substance Users: An Analysis of the Factorial Structure and Internal Consistency
Authors: Baptista Heloisa Praça , Constant Hilda Maria Rodrigues Moleda , Bortolon Cassandra Borges , Barros Helena Maria Tannhauser
Published: September 2024

Objective: The enabling behaviors of family members of psychoactive substance users can be crucial in maintaining addiction. There are no psychometrically evaluated instruments to measure the frequency of the enabling behaviors of family members of psychoactive substance users. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the internal consistency and factor structure of the Behavioral Enabling Scale. Design: A cross-sectional study was carried out, with a secondary analysis of data collected from 400 family members of psychoactive substance users that used a hotline service in Brazil. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted with an initial sample of 200 protocols, and with the remaining 200 protocols, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted. Results: The internal consistency estimate proved entirely satisfactory in both samples, where the first presented a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.76 and the second had a consistency estimate of 0.79. Factor analysis was conducted using a shortened version of the instrument, with 15 items, during which six factors that cover 65% of the scale’s explained variance were extracted. KMO = 0.68 and Bartlett’s test of sphericity = X2 (gl = 153) 497.201, p < 0.0001, were significant. Conclusion: The Brazilian version of the Behavioral Enabling Scale is a valid tool that measures the frequency of the enabling behaviors of family members of psychoactive substance users. The measurement instrument enables further investigations into the behavior of family members regarding the use of psychoactive substances by their relatives.
Financial Interdependencies: Analyzing the Volatility Linkages between Real Estate Investment Trusts, Sukuk, and Oil in GCC Countries
Authors: Danila Nevi
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the financial interconnections among Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs), sukuk (Islamic bonds), and oil in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) nations. The study sample comprises S&P GCC Composite Equity Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) Shariah, the S&P GCC Bond and Sukuk Index, and the OPEC crude oil basket on a daily basis. The duration of coverage spans from 2014 until the beginning of 2024. The TVP-VAR methodology is utilized to examine the interrelationship among the assets. The results indicate that Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) and oil are sources of volatility transmission, whereas sukuk is a recipient of volatility within the network. Examining the net pairwise directional linkages of two assets, namely REITs and oil markets, reveals that they transfer their volatility to the sukuk market. Moreover, a reciprocal relationship exists between REITs and oil regarding volatility spillover. It means that REITs act as transmitters to the oil markets during specific periods, while the influence is reversed at other times. This study implies that portfolio managers and investors can discern the volatility patterns of assets in order to enhance their risk-management techniques. For policymakers, comprehending the interdependence of certain asset classes provides valuable knowledge for formulating regulations that might stabilize the financial system and foster economic growth. From a research and academic perspective, this study enhances understanding of the interconnections between different financial asset classes and pricing dynamics in financial markets.