bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analytical Model for Segmented Pipe Response to Tensile Ground Strain
Authors: O'Rourke Michael , Vargas-Londono Tatiana
Published: July 2016

Seismic fragility relations for segmented buried pipelines have, up to this point, been based almost exclusively upon empirical observations. There are drawbacks with the purely empirical approach, one being the lack of confidence in estimated damage for the more important large diameter pipelines. This paper presents mechanics-based models for small diameter cast iron pipelines subject to tensile ground strains. One model is for small to moderate ground strains (less than .0002) primarily associated with seismic wave propagation. A second model is for larger ground strains associated with the permanent ground deformation hazard. The predicted damage rates from these mechanics-based models are consistent with existing empirical relations for small diameter cast iron pipe. It is expected that in the future, these mechanics-based models can be extended to the more important large diameters and to different pipe materials.
Empirical Terrain-Based Topographic Modification Factors for Use in Ground Motion Prediction
Authors: Rai Manisha , Rodriguez-Marek Adrian , Chiou Brian S.
Published: July 2016

We develop a model to predict topographic effects on ground motions using the NGA-West2 data set. Topography at a site is quantified using three parameters: smoothed curvature, smoothed slope, and relative elevation. We examine the relationship between the site residuals, which represent the average modeling error of the reference ground motion prediction equation at a station, and the three topographic parameters. Our analysis shows that there are statistically significant trends in site residuals with respect to relative elevation and smoothed curvature. We propose modification factors to the Chiou and Youngs (2014) model that account for topographic effects on both the median and the standard deviation. These factors are period dependent and are a function of the relative elevation at the site. The factors result in amplification on median by a factor as high as 1.13 at T = 0.5 s for higher values of relative elevation, and deamplification as low as 0.75 between T = 2 s to 3 s for lower values of relative elevations.
An ancestral stomatal patterning module revealed in the non-vascular land plant Physcomitrella patens
Authors: Caine Robert , Chater Caspar C. , Kamisugi Yasuko , Cuming Andrew C. , Beerling David J. , Gray Julie E. , Fleming Andrew J.
Published: July 2016

The patterning of stomata plays a vital role in plant development and has emerged as a paradigm for the role of peptide signals in the spatial control of cellular differentiation. Research in Arabidopsis has identified a series of Epidermal Patterning Factors (EPFs) which interact with an array of membrane-localised receptors and associated proteins (encoded by ERECTA and TMM genes) to control stomatal density and distribution. However, although it is well established that stomata arose very early in the evolution of land plants, until now it has been unclear whether the established angiosperm stomatal patterning system represented by the EPF/TMM/ERECTA module reflects a conserved, universal mechanism in the plant kingdom. Here, we use molecular genetics to show that the moss Physcomitrella patens has conserved homologues of angiosperm EPF, TMM and at least one ERECTA gene which function together to permit the correct patterning of stomata and that, moreover, elements of the module retain function when transferred to Arabidopsis. Our data characterise the stomatal patterning system in an evolutionary distinct branch of plants and support the hypothesis that the EPF/TMM/ERECTA module represents an ancient patterning system.
Null hypothesis significance testing: a short tutorial
Authors: Pernet Cyril
Published: July 2016

Although thoroughly criticized, null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) remains the statistical method of choice used to provide evidence for an effect, in biological, biomedical and social sciences. In this short tutorial, I first summarize the concepts behind the method, distinguishing test of significance (Fisher) and test of acceptance (Newman-Pearson) and point to common interpretation errors regarding the p-value. I then present the related concepts of confidence intervals and again point to common interpretation errors. Finally, I discuss what should be reported in which context. The goal is to clarify concepts to avoid interpretation errors and propose reporting practices.
Anterior single odontoid screw placement for type II odontoid fractures: our modified surgical technique and initial results in a cohort study of 15 patients
Authors: Bhattarai Binod , Munakomi Sunil , Tamrakar Karuna , Chaudhary Pramod Kumar
Published: July 2016

Objective: Anterior odontoid screw fixation for type II odontoid fracture is the ideal management option. However in the context of unavailability of an O-arm or neuro-navigation and poor images from the available C-arm may be an obstacle to ideal trajectory and placement of the odontoid screw. We herein detail  our surgical technique so as to ensure a correct trajectory and subsequent good fusion in Type II odontoid fractures. This may be advantageous  in clinical set ups lacking state of the art facilities. 

Methods and Results: In this cohort study we included 15 consecutive patients who underwent anterior odontoid screw placement. We routinely dissect the longus colli to completely visualize the entire width of C3 body. We then perform a median C2-C3 disectomy followed by creating a gutter in the superior end of C3 body. We then guide the Kirchsner (K) wire purchasing adequate anterior cortex of C2. Rest of the procedure follows the similar steps as described for odontoid screw placement.

We achieved 100% correct trajectory and screw placement in our study. There were no instances of screw break out, pull out or nonunion. There was one patient mortality following myocardial infarction in our study.

Conclusion: Preoperative imaging details, proper patient positioning, meticulous dissection, thorough anatomical knowledge and few added surgical nuances are the cornerstones in ideal odontoid screw placement. This may be pivotal in managing  patients in developing nations having rudimentary neurosurgical set up.
Can NHS politics, power and conflict ever be a good thing for nurses?
Authors: Lees Carolyn
Published: July 2016

This article explores how organisational politics, power and conflict have a positive role to play for nurses in NHS organisational change and improvement, rather than always leading to disagreement and dispute.
A study into psychosocial factors as predictors of work-related fatigue
Authors: Rahman Hanif Abdul , Abdul-Mumin Khadizah , Naing Lin
Published: July 2016

Objective:

To explore and determine relationship between psychosocial factors and work-related fatigue among emergency and critical care nurses in Brunei.

Methods:

Cross-sectional study conducted on all emergency and critical care nurses across Brunei public hospitals from February to April 2016.

Results:

201 nurses participated in the study (82% response rate). A total of 36% of the variance of chronic fatigue was explained by stress, trust in management, decision latitude, self-rated health, and work–family conflict. Burnout, self-rated health, commitment to workplace, and trust in management explained 30% of the variance of acute fatigue. Stress, work–family conflict and reward explained 28% of the variance of intershift recovery after controlling for significant sociodemographic variables. Smoking was identified as an important sociodemographic factor for work-related fatigue.

Conclusions:

Psychosocial factors were good predictors of work-related fatigue. A range of psychosocial factors were established, however more research is required to determine all possible causation factors of nurses' work-related fatigue.
Is your team united?
Authors: Rowland Nicki
Published: July 2016

Nicki Rowland explores ‘the five dysfunctions of a team’ and how to manage them in your dental practice
Stepping stone
Authors: Hill Elizabeth
Published: July 2016

There has never been a better time to train as an oral health educator. Here's why…
A basic guide to consent
Authors: Henderson Kelly
Published: July 2016

Kelly Henderson discusses the importance of consent for every patient, investigates the need for consent, considers the Gillick competency and looks at those who can give consent
Do you stand out from the crowd?
Authors: Fowler John
Published: July 2016

The series exploring how best to develop key leadership qualities this month focuses on clinical leadership, with John Fowler
A jet setting lifestyle
Authors: Warren Helen
Published: July 2016

Dr Helen Warren discusses how transportation can affect equine digestive function
In search of excellence
Authors: Brown Claire
Published: July 2016

Claire Brown, Forge PR, discusses the UK farriery qualifications
A day in the life of an intern at the Animal Health Trust
Authors: Routh Jenny
Published: July 2016

Jenny Routh continues her experiences as a newly qualified vet
Surgical wound dehiscence in an Australian community nursing service: time and cost to healing
Authors: Sandy-Hodgetts K. , Leslie G.D , Lewin G. , Hendrie D. , Carville K.
Published: July 2016

Objective:

Surgical wound dehiscence (SWD) increases the length of hospital stay and impacts on patient wellbeing and health-care costs. Globally, the health-care costs associated with SWD are poorly reported and those reported are frequently associated with surgical site infection (SSI), rather than dehiscence of non-microbial cause. This retrospective study describes and reports on the costs and time to healing associated with a number of surgical patients who were referred to a community nursing service for treatment of an SWD following discharge from a metropolitan hospital, in Perth, Western Australia.

Method:

Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out to describe the patient, wound and treatment characteristics. A costing analysis was conducted to investigate the cost of healing these wounds.

Results:

Among the 70 patients referred with a SWD, 55% were treated for an infected wound dehiscence which was a significant factor (p=0.001). Overall, the cost of treating the 70 patients with a SWD in a community nursing service was in excess of $56,000 Australian dollars (AUD) (£28,705) and did not include organisational overheads or travel costs for nurse visits. The management of infection contributed to 67% of the overall cost.

Conclusion:

SWD remains an unquantified aspect of wound care from a prevalence and fiscal point of view. Further work needs to be done in the identification of SWD and which patients may be ‘at risk’.

Declaration of interest:

The authors declare they have no competing interests.
Pressure ulcer healing with an intensive nutrition intervention in an acute setting: a pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Banks M.D. , Ross L.J. , Webster J. , Mudge A. , Stankiewicz M. , Dwyer K. , Coleman K. , Campbell J.
Published: July 2016

Objective:

To investigate the feasibility of recruitment, retention, intervention delivery and outcome measurement in a nutritional intervention to promote pressure ulcer healing in an acute setting.

Method:

Some 50 tertiary hospital patients with stage II or greater pressure ulcer were randomised to receive either individualised nutritional care by a dietitian, including prescription of wound healing supplements; or standard nutritional care. Relevant nutritional and pressure ulcer (PU) parameters were collected at day 5, 10, 15, 22 and then weekly or until discharge.

Results:

The median length of hospital stay was 14 days (1–70) with 29 patients discharged by day 15. There were 24 patients discharged before their PU fully healed. Per cent change in valid PU area and score measures from baseline to day 15 were chosen for outcome data analysis to account for varying initial size and severity of the wound and length of stay. There was a larger percentage reduction in PU measures in the intervention group, but this was not statistically significant. Little difference was found in nutritional intake between the control and intervention groups indicating a requirement to focus on effective delivery of the intervention in future studies. Future studies in the acute setting need to account for length of stay and ideally follow patients until full healing.

Conclusion:

Results indicate a positive association with nutrition intervention and PU healing and that a rigorously designed and adequately powered study is feasible.

Declaration of interest:

This research was supported by a grant from the Queensland Health, Health Practitioner Research Scheme. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Platelet-rich plasma, bilayered acellular matrix grafting and negative pressure wound therapy in diabetic foot infection
Authors: Deng W. , Boey J. , Chen B. , Byun S. , Lew E. , Liang Z. , Armstrong D.G.
Published: July 2016

Management and treatment of acute severe diabetic foot disease in patients with suboptimal glycaemic control is a critical issue in wound repair. This paper discusses the clinical efficacy of an aggressive surgical intervention combined with targeted use of regenerative medical therapies in limb preservation. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), bilayered acellular matrix grafting and split-thickness skin grafting were combined to treat a patient with diabetes, foot necrotising fasciitis and gaseous gangrene. The wound was completely healed. The clinical outcome revealed that a multi-intervention strategy could be effective for large necrotising fasciitis wounds. Early clinical observation, suggests aggresive surgical intervention preserving intact tissue and targeted use of new regenerative technologies can lead to preservation of a limb.

Declaration of interest:

The authors have received no financial support for the material presented in this study outside of the scope of standard patient care reimbursement. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NO. 81500596) awarded to Dr Wuquan Deng.
Efficacy of a collagen-based dressing in an animal model of delayed wound healing
Authors: Guillemin Y. , Le Broc D. , Ségalen C. , Kurkdjian E. , Gouze J.N.
Published: July 2016

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro and in vivo the efficacy of GBT013, a collagen-based dressing, for the treatment of chronic wounds, in a db/db mouse model of diabetes.

Method:

Macroscopic and histologic analyses of db/db mice wound healing with GBT013 or saline gauze were assessed. The mRNA expression and the proliferation of dermal fibroblast were investigated. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 activities were quantified.

Results:

In db/db mice, GBT013 improves wound epithelialisation when compared with saline gauze. Histological analysis of scar tissue also shows an enhancement of remodelling associated with no sign of acute inflammation. In addition, GBT013 significantly decreases interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, significantly increases tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 fibroblast mRNA expression and significantly reduces in vitro MMP-2 and MMP-9 enzymatic activities. Moreover, GBT013 allows cell growth inside the matrix and stimulates proliferation of human dermal fibroblast.

Conclusion:

By contributing to restore MMPs/TIMPs balance, GBT013 may function in all key stages of wound healing, such as inflammation, proliferation and tissue remodelling, and ultimately may provide a favourable environment for skin repair.

Declaration of interest:

This work was supported by Genbiotech, the R&D subsidiary of Laboratoires Genévrier, a pharmaceutical company.
ANÁLISE DA METODOLOGIA DE COLETA DE DADOS ESTATÍSTICOS DE VISITAÇÃO NO PARQUE NACIONAL DO IGUAÇU – CASO PASSE COMUNIDADE
Authors: Olivera Ana Cristina Rempel de , Souza Claudio Alexandre de
Published: July 2016

O artigo teve como objetivo analisar a metodologia utilizada para coletar dados estatísticos de visitação da comunidade em um atrativo natural, o estudo foi desenvolvido através de cinco etapas, que consistiram em revisão teórica e documental, obtenção da autorização necessária para a coleta de dados, elaboração do instrumento de coleta de dados, seleção da amostra, e a análise dos dados. O procedimento realizado no Parque Nacional do Iguaçu foi selecionado como amostra, posteriormente o mesmo foi analisado de acordo com a revisão bibliográfica acerca da importância da realização de pesquisas, e as metodologias e variáveis aplicadas ao turismo, que foram comparadas ao método utilizado no atrativo, concluindo que parte das metodologias e variáveis utilizadas em turismo pode ser aplicável aos atrativos turísticos.Palavras-chave: Metodologia; Estatística; Atrativo Natural; Comunidade.
PLANEJAMENTO DE UMA TRILHA INTERPRETATIVA COMO FERRAMENTA DO ECOTURISMO NA APA DA BARRA DO RIO MAMANGUAPE - PARAÍBA, BRASIL
Authors: Luna Mércia Maria Araújo , Rosa Lucas Aguiar Nogueira , Melo Vitor Pablo de
Published: July 2016

A Floresta Atlântica é um bioma biodiverso e extremamente impactado. A Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) da Barra do Rio Mamanguape encontra-se inserida no hotspot da Floresta Atlântica. Este trabalho visa propor a implantação de uma trilha interpretativa na APA com base no Ecoturismo e na Educação Ambiental. Durante o mês de abril e maio de 2014 foi elaborado um roteiro mapeando os pontos estratégicos da trilha, elencando seus elementos mais representativos e registrando-os ao longo de 3.8 Km. Várias características da trilha foram consideradas na elaboração deste planejamento: a proteção do ambiente da trilha, seu potencial interpretativo, a acessibilidade e segurança. Os resultados apontaram nove pontos de atratividade onde foram abordados aspectos de relevância da flora, da fauna e da história da APA. Nota-se a necessidade da implantação de trilhas ecológicas no principal e maior fragmento de Floresta Atântica da APA, a Floresta do Oiteiro, uma vez que as trilhas só estão previstas no plano de manejo para um dos quatro municípios que abrange a APA, Lucena. Destaque pode ser dado à necessidade de treinamento de uma equipe local da Unidade de Conservação (UC) para manter vivo o instrumento da trilha interpretativa, associando a interlocução entre a comunidade acadêmica da UFPB e os turistas pelo seu caráter amplo e interdisciplinar.Palavras-chave: Floresta Atlântica. Unidades de conservação. Turismo ecológico.
The Trouble With Alexander Medvedkin : Ideological Errors in New Moscow (1938)
Authors: Hannouch Hanin
Published: July 2016

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This article studies the ideological errors in Alexander Medvedkin's film New Moscow, or what precisely lead the censors to ban the movie even before its release scheduled for early 1939. The movie tells the story of Aliosha, an engineer from a Soviet remote village, who goes to Moscow to display his creation: a moving miniature model of the capital, which ends up malfunctioning. My contention is that not only was the last segment of the film, in which this model goes haywire, a representation of the beautiful capital before the revolution instead of its modernized glory, but that Medvedkin has embedded several subversive elements in the film which could not have been edited out. Through the paradigm of socialist realist literature studied by Katerina Clark, Medvedkin's work is examined against this literary form with focus on four scenes: Aliosha's arrival to Moscow and his interrupted train ride, his first experience of the capital in the metro, his singing at the carnival and lastly the display of his askew model of Moscow.
Are Nation and Exile a Woman? - the case of David Albahari’s novel Bait
Authors: Miljković Milan
Published: July 2016

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This article analyses contemporary Serbian writer David Albahari's novel Bait. Building a fragmented, sometimes self-involved fictional autobiography, the narrator constantly incorporates a variety of gender or femininity/masculinity issues, indirectly suggesting that the engendering of national identity and the exile experience could help articulate alternative types of discourses, non-patriarchal and non-ideological, those that would strongly and effectively oppose the grand narratives of History.
The Baltic: A History, by Michael North
Authors: Gibson Catherine
Published: July 2016

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Lesbian Lives in Soviet and Post-Soviet Russia: Post-Socialism and Gendered Sexualities, by Francesca Stella
Authors: Sabrina Lee Vivian
Published: July 2016

Download this article from UCL Discovery.
Sufficiency, Liberal Societies and Environmental Policy in the Face of Planetary Boundaries
Authors: Muller Adrian , Huppenbauer Markus
Published: July 2016

Sufficiency is not a goal of environmental policy-making as is efficiency. In view of the planetary boundaries, this paper instead proposes that sufficiency should amend the notion of liberal society. The classic vision of liberal societies has been based on the core values of individual
freedom, the no-harm principle and social justice together with the related virtues of courage, prudence and justice. By adding sufficiency, we introduce a fourth core value, one which is necessary for dealing with planetary boundaries. Temperance, the virtue linked to sufficiency, becomes
an important part of this.
Three Schools of Transformation Thinking: The Impact of Ideas, Institutions, and Technological Innovation on Transformation Processes
Authors: Schneidewind Uwe , Augenstein Karoline
Published: July 2016

To identify the main drivers of transformation , it is helpful to identify the transformation perspectives of three specific schools of thought: idealist, institutional, and technological innovation. By differentiating among these schools of thought, a more informed transformation debate
becomes possible, thereby increasing transformative literacy in academia and society.
The Idea of Climate Change as a Belief System: Why Climate Activism Resembles a Religious Movement
Authors: Bhagwat Shonil A. , Economou Anastasia , Thornton Thomas F.
Published: July 2016

The idea of climate change has been enforced by its similarities with belief systems. It may come as a surprise to scientists, the media and climate activists participating in climate change discussions that they are unconsciously following models rooted in belief systems. These models
include an emphasis on existential anxiety and the public expression of commitments. The discussions around the severity of climate change and individual sacrifices through everyday moral choices, however, show that addressing climate change may require a shift of focus from political leadership
to more grassroots activism.
Verringerung von Lohnungleichheit durch staatliche Schutz- und Beteiligungsstandards. Schweden, Frankreich und Deutschland im Vergleich / Reduction of wage inequality by national protective and participative standards – a comparison of Sweden, France and Germany
Authors: Bosch Gerhard , Weinkopf Claudia
Published: July 2016

Der Beitrag analysiert die Einflussmöglichkeiten des Staates bei der Gestaltung von Arbeitsbedingungen am Beispiel der Lohnsetzung. Der Vergleich von drei Ländern mit vergleichsweise inklusiven Lohnsystemen - Schweden, Frankreich und Deutschland - veranschaulicht, dass der Staat auch in einem Umfeld globalisierter Märkte über wirkungsvolle Instrumente zur Verringerung von Lohnungleichheit verfügt und hierbei unterschiedliche Kombinationen von Schutzund Beteiligungsstandards nutzen kann. Staatliches Handeln und strategische Entscheidungen zentraler Akteure werden durch spezifische Entwicklungspfade geprägt, können aber auch andere Richtungen einschlagen und versuchen, neue Institutionen aufzubauen.
Better Product Quality May Lead to Lower Product Price
Authors: Chenavaz Régis
Published: July 2016

This article analyzes the conditions under which better product quality implies higher or lower product price. In an optimal control framework, I make the following assumptions: The firm sets the dynamic pricing and product innovation policies; product innovation raises quality, which drives production cost, and consumers are sensitive to price and quality. I derive a rule of price-quality relationship that stresses the influence of quality on price through the effects of cost (positive), sales (negative), and markup (positive). This article shows that, while maximizing profit and despite a quality and cost increases, the firm may decrease product prices because of the possibility of generating more sales as a result of combining better quality with lower price. This sales effect solves the puzzle of a negative price-quality relationship. More generally, the sales effect mitigates the ability of price to convey information about quality.
Heat-pulse propagation along nonequilibrium nanowires in thermomass theory
Authors: Sellitto Antonio , Rogolino Patrizia , Carlomagno Isabella
Published: July 2016

We analyze the consequences of the nonlinear terms in the heat-transport equation of the thermomass theory on heat pulses propagating in a nanowire in nonequilibrium situations. As a consequence of the temperature dependence of the speeds of propagation, in temperature ranges wherein the specific heat shows negligible variations, heat pulses will shrink (or extend) spatially, and will increase (or decrease) their average temperature when propagating along a temperature gradient. A comparison with the results predicted by a different theoretical proposal on the shape of a propagating heat pulse is made, too.
Role of thermodynamics in extensions of mesoscopic dynamical theories
Authors: Grmela Miroslav
Published: July 2016

Complex macroscopic systems (like for instance those encountered in nanotechnology and biology) need to be investigated in a family of mesoscopic theories involving varying amount of details. In this paper we formulate a general thermodynamics providing a universal framework for such multiscale viewpoint of mesoscopic dynamics. We then discuss its role in making extensions (i.e. in lifting a mesoscopic theory to a more microscopic level that involves more details).
Theories and heat pulse experiments of non-Fourier heat conduction
Authors: Ván Péter
Published: July 2016

The experimental basis and theoretical background of non-Fourier heat conduction is shortly reviewed from the point of view of non-equilibrium thermodynamics. The performance of different theories is compared in case of heat pulse experiments.
Thermodynamic framework for a generalized heat transport equation
Authors: Guo Yangyu , Wang Moran
Published: July 2016

In this paper, a generalized heat transport equation including relaxational, nonlocal and nonlinear effects is provided, which contains diverse previous phenomenological models as particular cases. The aim of the present work is to establish an extended irreversible thermodynamic framework, with generalized expressions of entropy and entropy flux. Nonlinear thermodynamic force-flux relation is proposed as an extension of the usual linear one, giving rise to the nonlinear terms in the heat transport equation and ensuring compatibility with the second law. Several previous results are recovered in the linear case, and some additional results related to nonlinear terms are also obtained.
Constitutive equations for heat conduction in nanosystems and nonequilibrium processes: an overview
Authors: Jou David , Cimmelli Vito Antonio
Published: July 2016

We provide an overview on the problem of modeling heat transport at nanoscale and in far-from-equilibrium processes. A survey of recent results is summarized, and a conceptual discussion of them in the framework of Extended Irreversible Thermodynamics is developed.
Sequential quadrature methods for RDO
Authors: Peri Daniele
Published: July 2016

This paper presents a comparative study between a large number of different existing sequential quadrature schemes suitable for Robust Design Optimization (RDO), with the inclusion of two partly original approaches. Efficiency of the different integration strategies is evaluated in terms of accuracy and computational effort: main goal of this paper is the identification of an integration strategy able to provide the integral value with a prescribed accuracy using a limited number of function samples. Identification of the different qualities of the various integration schemes is obtained utilizing both algebraic and practical test cases. Differences in the computational effort needed by the different schemes is evidenced, and the implications on their application to practical RDO problems is highlighted.
IL-1 family cytokines in cancer immunity – a matter of life and death
Authors: Mora Javier , Weigert Andreas
Published: July 2016

IL-1 cytokines constitute a family of biologically active proteins with pleiotropic function especially in immunity. Both protective as well as deleterious properties of individual IL-1 family cytokines in tumor biology have been described. The function of IL-1-family cytokines depends on the producing source, the present (inflammatory) microenvironment and N-terminal proteolytical processing. Each of these determinants is shaped by different modes of cell death. Here we summarize the properties of IL-1 family cytokines in tumor biology, and how they are modulated by cell death.
Esterification of Lauric Acid with Glycerol in the Presence of STA/MCM-41 Catalysts
Authors: Simsek Veli , Degirmenci Levent , Murtezaoglu Kırali
Published: July 2016

Esterification reaction between glycerol and lauric acid in the presence of STA/MCM-41 and H2SO4 catalysts indicated that the activity of synthesized catalyst had been comparable to H2SO4. On the other hand, only di glyceride formation instead of favored mono glyceride has been observed with H2SO4 which had rendered the use of heterogeneous STA/MCM-41 catalyst preferable. Temperature had a decreasing effect on lauric acid conversion due to competitive adsorption of water on catalyst structure. The high mono glyceride selectivity obtained in favor of the desired product was due to shape selectivity of the catalyst. High glycerol amount in feed ratio resulted in deformation of long range order of the catalyst structure and hence a decrease in mono glyceride selectivity. Experiments conducted in identical conditions in the presence of recovered catalysts showed a decrease in lauric acid conversion which had been due to loss of STA from catalyst structure.
Modelling and Multi-objective Optimisation of the VHP Pouch Packaging Sterilisation Process
Authors: Spanu Simone , Vignali Giuseppe
Published: July 2016

Spouted pouches are being increasingly used in the beverage sector. However, aseptic packaging technology used for spouted pouches requires a highly complex sterilisation and rinsing process for the packaging materials before filling. This paper deals with the pouch packaging sterilisation process used in aseptic technology. A mixture composed of vaporised hydrogen peroxide and hot sterile air is injected into the package through a sterilisation nozzle. A CFD multicomponent model in ANSYS CFX (version 14.5) has been created and validated in order to simulate the real process. Based on this model, the paper aims to minimise hydrogen peroxide consumption and optimise the sterilisation treatment of the packaging. This issue has been approached using multi-objective optimisation software applied to CFD multicomponent simulations. The most suitable nozzle position inside the pouch has been established, as well as the optimal treatment time, concentration and flow rate of the sterilising mixture.
Preliminary investigations on the control of yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) tuber rot through nanoscience
Authors: Eze Simon C. , Umeh Simon I. , Onyeke Christopher C. , Ameh Godwin I. , Ugwuoke Kevin I.
Published: July 2016

and
Electrical resistivity optimization of diamond-like carbon thin film for electrical probe storage application
Authors: Wang Lei , Gong Sidi , Yang Cihui , Wen Jing
Published: July 2016

Today, the total amount of global data has been increasing at a phenomenal rate, and this necessitates the requirement for significant improvement in the storage capacity of current storage devices. Compared with other conventional storage devices, electrical probe memory exhibits several storage superiorities and is considered as the candidate for the next-generation mainstreaming storage device. In this case, to further mitigate the performances of the electrical probe memory, its architecture was previously optimized by simulation while lacking adequate experimental support. Therefore, we measured the electrical resistivities of the diamond-like carbon (DLC) capping and bottom layers by varying the film thickness, sputter power, and sputter pressure to thus establish the physically realistic property values of the DLC film. According to experiments, a 10 nm DLC capping layer with a resistivity of 0.1 Ω·m, and a 30 nm DLC bottom layer with a resistivity of 0.01 Ω·m, which most closely matches the theoretical prediction, are introduced into the originally designed electrical probe memory, and the subsequent recording experiment demonstrated the ability to achieve ultra-high density, large data rate, and ultra-low energy consumption using the redesigned architecture.
Bulk cure study of nanoclay filled epoxy glass fiber reinforced composite material
Authors: Olusanya John , Kanny Krishnan , Singh Shalini
Published: July 2016

The correlation between cure properties and structure of nanoclay filled composite laminate has not been studied extensively. Most of the cure studies were preferably done using small samples through a calorimetric method. In this study, the effect of varying weight ratio of nanoclay (1–5 wt%) on bulk cure properties of epoxy glass fiber reinforced composite (GFRC) laminates was studied. Bulk cure of unfilled and clay filled GFRC laminates was determined using the dynamic mechanical analysis-reheat method (DMA-RM). DMA-RM cure properties gave a better coordinate method, with better cure efficiency achieved in clay filled GFRC laminates when compared to unfilled GFRC laminates. The correlation between nanoclay and DMA-RM degree of cure was coordinated with compressive and in-plane shear strength properties. The degree of cure value of 78% by DMA-RM at 1 wt% clay filled GFRC corresponds with the compressive modulus and in-plane shear strength highest values, which are 20% and 14% increase, respectively, also at 1 wt% clay filled GFRC. The structures of the unfilled and clay filled epoxy were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Clay filled epoxy up to 3 wt% showed no distinct diffraction peak, which suggested that nanoclay is randomly dispersed in the matrix.
Adsorption of volatile polonium and bismuth species on metals in various gas atmospheres: Part I – Adsorption of volatile polonium and bismuth on gold
Authors: Maugeri Emilio Andrea , Neuhausen Jörg , Eichler Robert , Dressler Rugard , Rijpstra Kim , Cottenier Stefaan , Piguet David , Vögele Alexander , Schumann Dorothea
Published: July 2016

Polonium isotopes are considered the most hazardous radionuclides produced during the operation of accelerator driven systems (ADS) when lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE) is used as the reactor coolant and as the spallation target material. In this work the use of gold surfaces for capturing polonium from the cover gas of the ADS reactor was studied by thermochromatography. The results show that gaseous monoatomic polonium, formed in dry hydrogen, is adsorbed on gold at 1058 K. Its adsorption enthalpy was calculated as –250±7 kJ mol−1, using a Monte Carlo simulation code. Highly volatile polonium species that were observed in similar experiments in fused silica columns in the presence of moisture in both inert and reducing gas were not detected in the experiments studying adsorption on gold surfaces. PoO2 is formed in both dry and moist oxygen, and its interaction with gold is characterized by transport reactions. The interaction of bismuth, present in large amounts in the atmosphere of the ADS, with gold was also evaluated. It was found that bismuth has a higher affinity for gold, compared to polonium, in an inert, reducing, and oxidizing atmosphere. This fact must be considered when using gold as a material for filtering polonium in the cover gas of ADS.
Neue Geschäftsfelder für Genossenschaften
Authors: Adams Isabel , Roth Michael , Doluschitz Reiner
Published: July 2016

In der letzten Dekade breitete sich die Rechtsform der eingetragenen Genossenschaft (eG), ermöglicht durch die Novelle des Genossenschaftsgesetzes (GenG) von 2006, in neue Geschäftsfelder aus. In welche, sowie, wo sich Chancen und Grenzen abzeichnen, ist Inhalt des vorliegenden Beitrags. In Konsequenz der Erweiterung des Förderzweckes (GenG-Novelle 2006) und dem damit verbundenen Vordringen in neue Geschäftsfelder drängt sich eine Erweiterung der vorhandenen tradierten Spartensystematik von Genossenschaften auf.
Prolonged contact with dendritic cells turns lymph node‐resident NK cells into anti‐tumor effectors
Authors: Mingozzi Francesca , Spreafico Roberto , Gorletta Tatiana , Cigni Clara , Di Gioia Marco , Caccia Michele , Sironi Laura , Collini Maddalena , Soncini Matias , Rusconi Michela , von Andrian Ulrich H , Chirico Giuseppe , Zanoni Ivan , Granucci Francesca
Published: July 2016

Natural killer (NK) cells are critical players against tumors. The outcome of anti‐tumor vaccination protocols depends on the efficiency of NK‐cell activation, and efforts are constantly made to manipulate them for immunotherapeutic approaches. Thus, a better understanding of NK‐cell activation dynamics is needed. NK‐cell interactions with accessory cells and trafficking between secondary lymphoid organs and tumoral tissues remain poorly characterized. Here, we show that upon triggering innate immunity with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), NK cells are transiently activated, leave the lymph node, and infiltrate the tumor, delaying its growth. Interestingly, NK cells are not actively recruited at the draining lymph node early after LPS administration, but continue their regular homeostatic turnover. Therefore, NK cells resident in the lymph node at the time of LPS administration become activated and exert anti‐tumor functions. NK‐cell activation correlates with the establishment of prolonged interactions with dendritic cells (DCs) in lymph nodes, as observed by two‐photon microscopy. Close DC and NK‐cell contacts are essential for the localized delivery of DC‐derived IL‐18 to NK cells, a strict requirement in NK‐cell activation.
Improving Discharge Efficiency in Medically Complex Pediatric Patients
Authors: Statile Angela M. , Schondelmeyer Amanda C. , Thomson Joanna E. , Brower Laura H. , Davis Blair , Redel Jacob , Hausfeld Julie , Tucker Karen , White Denise L. , White Christine M.
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Children with medical complexity have unique needs when facilitating transitions from hospital to home. Defining readiness for discharge is challenging, and preparation requires coordination of family, education, equipment, and medications. Our multidisciplinary team aimed to increase the percentage of medically complex hospital medicine patients discharged within 2 hours of meeting medical discharge goals from 50% to 80%.

METHODS:

We used quality improvement methods to identify key drivers and inform interventions. Medical discharge goals were defined on admission for each patient. Interventions included implementation of a complex care inpatient team with electronic admission order set, weekly care coordination rounds, needs assessment tool, and medication pathway. The primary measure, percentage of patients discharged within 2 hours of meeting medical discharge goals, was followed on a run chart. The secondary measures, pre- and post-intervention length of stay and 30-day readmission rate, were compared by using Wilcoxon rank-sum and χ2 tests, respectively.

RESULTS:

The percentage of medically complex patients discharged within 2 hours of meeting medical discharge goals improved from 50% to 88% over 17 months and sustained for 6 months. In preintervention–postintervention comparison, median length of stay did not change (3.1 days [interquartile range, 1.8–7.0] vs 2.9 days [interquartile range, 1.7–6.1]; P = .67) and 30-day readmission rate was not impacted (30.7% vs 26.4%; P = .51).

CONCLUSIONS:

Efficient discharge for medically complex patients requires support of a multidisciplinary team to proactively address discharge needs, ensuring patients are ready for discharge when medical goals are met.
Інноваційна активність промислових підприємств України
Authors: Polyakova Y. V.
Published: July 2016

Досліджується  інноваційна  діяльність  вітчизняних  промислових  підприємств. Виявляються  причини,  що  стримують  інноваційну  активність,  та  розробляються підходи щодо їх усунення.
Особенности применения индикатора «скользящая средняя» для повышения эффективности инвестирования
Authors: Dzhusov O. A.
Published: July 2016

В останні роки вітчизняні інституційні інвестори виявляють зростаючий інтерес до науки технічного аналізу фінансових активів. Кваліфіковане застосування методів технічного аналізу значно спрощує процес прийняття рішень в умовах формування та керування інвестиційним портфелем. Одним із найпопулярніших інструментів технічного аналізу є так звані «ковзні середні».

Мета статті – дослідження методами технічного аналізу застосування індикатора «ковзна середня» на світових фондових ринках у сучасних умовах з метою підвищення ефективності інвестування в акції міжнародних корпорацій.

Розглянуто основні види ковзних середніх, основний принцип їх розрахунку та принцип використання у системах інвестування. Вивчено особливості інвестування за системою з двома (Р. Дончіана) і трьома (Р. Аллена) ковзними середніми. Доведено перевагу інвестування за системою Р. Аллена, заснованого на застосуванні трьох (4-, 9- і 18- періодних) ковзних середніх, над системою Р. Дончіана та її найвищу ефективність.

Система інвестування Р. Алена може бути рекомендована для практичного послугування інвестиційним менеджерам у керуванні інвестиційним портфелем.

Подальші дослідження з даної проблеми доцільно проводити в напрямі вивчення використання різних періодів розрахунку ковзних середніх, по-перше, залежно від застосовуваної тактики інвестування і, по-друге, для різних груп акцій.

Рис. 2. Бібл. 7.
Демографічний та кадровий вимір міжнародних міграційних процесів в Україні
Authors: Duhinets H. V. , Rielina I. Ie.
Published: July 2016

Сучасна трансформація економічної системи країни призвела до структурних зрушень і у соціальному середовищі. Поширилися внутрішньодержавні та міждержавні переміщення населення та трудових ресурсів. Зростання масштабів міжнародних міграційних процесів, їх неоднозначний вплив на розвиток країн, якісні трансформації вказаного процесу визначають важливість дослідження демографічного та кадрового виміру міжнародних міграційних процесів в Україні, яка належить до числа основних донорів населення.
Мета роботи полягає у визначенні демографічного та кадрового виміру міжнародних міграційних процесів в Україні. Для досягнення мети застосовано діалектичний метод наукового пізнання, а також загальнонаукові та спеціальні методи дослідження.
Досліджено сучасний стан міграційних процесів у світовій економіці. Визначено, що у складі світової міграційної системи Україна фігурує як країна походження, транзиту та прибуття мігрантів. Проаналізовано регіональну структуру міграційних потоків у державі. Доведено, що в останні роки країна продовжує втрачати населення в результаті еміграції, і ці втрати не компенсуються імміграцією з-за кордону. Це призводить до стрімкого скорочення населення України. До того ж розглянуто проблему еміграції висококваліфікованої робочої сили з країни та визначено основні канали імміграції в країну. Один з таких каналів – освітня міграція, оскільки Україна увійшла в десятку лідерів на міжнародному ринку освітніх послуг. Обґрунтовано, що цільовим орієнтиром державної міграційної політики України має стати збереження інтелектуального потенціалу країни, для чого необхідно забезпечити виконання таких завдань: забезпечення фінансовими та матеріальними ресурсами розвитку науки та вищої освіти; повне фінансування оплати праці викладачів вищої школи, наукових працівників; розробка програми щодо збереження інтелектуального потенціалу країни; розвиток механізму стимулювання дослідної діяльності та підготовки кваліфікованих фахівців.
Наукова новизна отриманих результатів полягає у розвитку та уточненні теоретико-практичних основ дослідження питань демографічного й кадрового виміру міжнародних міграційних процесів в Україні.
Практичне значення результатів дослідження полягає в визначенні цільового орієнтира державної міграційної політики України, яким має стати збереження інтелектуального потенціалу країни.
Участь України в міжнародній міграції кваліфікованих кадрів має передбачати еволюційний процес зближення з науково-технологічним середовищем, і цей процес потребує скорегованої дії усіх гілок влади та бізнесу, що зумовлює необхідність подальших досліджень у даному напрямку.
Табл. 2. Бібл. 16.
Інновації у стратегічному управлінні в правоохоронній сфері у період реформування
Authors: Slivenko V. A. , Slivenko A. V.
Published: July 2016

Система правоохоронних органів України, що є частиною виконавчої влади, за своєю організацією та діяльністю не повною мірою відповідає соціально-політичній, економічній і криміногенній ситуації в країні. На необхідності реформування правоохоронної системи відповідно до суспільних потреб і можливостей держави було наголошено ще в перші роки незалежності України й досить широко задекларовано. Оскільки розроблені концепції реформування так і не реалізували, тема статті актуальна і нині.

Мета дослідження – проаналізувати ефективність процесів, пов’язаних із інноваційним стратегічним управлінням під час реформування правоохоронної системи держави; дослідити основні аспекти і фактори переформатування, а також динаміку подальших змін правоохоронних структур. Для досягнення мети застосовано комплекс методів: порівняльний, структурного аналізу, синтезу, індукції та дедукції.

Розглянуто процес створення структури місцевої поліції, яку організовуватимуть та фінансуватимуть громади. Оцінено нововведення кадрової політики відомства: незалежність та прозорість конкурсного механізму зайняття вакантних посад (включаючи керівні) у поліції. Розглянуто правовий порядок розгортання діяльності Консультативної місії ЄС, яка допоможе втілити європейський досвід у сфері стратегічного управління правоохоронною системою.

Наукова новизна статі полягає в дослідженні особливостей інноваційного стратегічного управління правоохоронною діяльністю в період кардинального реформування суспільства. Заплановані реформи розроблено із урахуванням міжнародних, у тому числі європейських, стандартів поліцейської діяльності.

Практичне значення одержаних результатів полягає в комплексному вивченні механізму поступового переформатування «усесильного» карального державного органу (міліції) в нову поліцейську структуру, що надаватиме суспільству послуги з охорони громадського порядку.

Подальші наукові дослідження доцільно спрямувати на пошук інноваційних шляхів вирішення проблем реформування правоохоронної сфери України.

Бібл. 12.