bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of private interests on research in behavioural public policy: A system-level problem
Authors: Bright Liam Kofi , Parry Jonathan , Thoma Johanna
Published: August 2023

Chater & Loewenstein argue that i-frame research has been coopted by private interests opposed to system-level reform, leading to ineffective interventions. They recommend that behavioural scientists refocus on system-level interventions. We suggest that the influence of private interests on research is problematic for wider normative and epistemic reasons. A system-level intervention to shield research from private influence is needed.
The “hearts-and-minds frame”: Not all i-frame interventions are ineffective, but education-based interventions can be particularly bad
Authors: Kristal Ariella S. , Davidai Shai
Published: August 2023

Pitting i-frame policies against s-frame policies inadvertently propagates a false dichotomy that fails to distinguish between effective i-frame policies that directly change behaviors and ineffective education-based i-frame policies that try to change people's hearts and minds. We argue that people's fixation on changing hearts and minds may be an obstacle for behavioral science in policy.
Conspiracy theory
Authors: Sunstein Cass R.
Published: August 2023

Chater & Loewenstein, superb and distinguished social scientists, have misfired. Their complaint is baseless: In the real world of policymaking, behavioral science is mostly being used to reform systems, not to alter individual behavior. Nor is there empirical support for the proposition that interventions aimed at helping individuals make systemic reform less likely.
Unpacking the nudge muddle
Authors: Heath Joseph
Published: August 2023

Libertarian paternalism initially focused on policy domains in which the state was prohibited from interfering coercively in decision making out of respect for individual autonomy. Because adjustment of the s-frame was not an option, achieving better outcomes through manipulation of the i-frame seemed attractive. This original motivation was unfortunately lost in the transition from libertarian paternalism to the nudge framework.
A Dual Entity: The European Investment Bank and Its Lending Policy from Its Origins to the Late 1970s
Authors: Coppolaro Lucia
Published: August 2023

By reconstructing the lending policy of the European Investment Bank (EIB) from its inception in 1958 to the late 1970s, this article shows that, until the 1970s, the EIB did not pursue EEC (European Economic Community) policies but policy elaborated at the national level. The individual member states’ political priorities and preferences played a key role in shaping the loan operations and the bank's loans were used rather more individualistically by each community country in pursuit of national aims. This situation started to change in the 1970s when internal and external developments to the EEC redeployed and refocused the methods and objectives of the bank so that lending progressively became the result of the interplay between EEC institutions. Gradually, the EIB moved away from being a mere member state's tool to pursue individual national policies, transformed into an EEC policy-driven bank and it became the financial arm of the EEC.
“Educare all'Antico”. Teaching Classical Civilisation in Italian primary and lower secondary schools
Authors: Di Donato Riccardo , Taddei Andrea
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this article is to offer an overview of an educational project that brought Classical Civilisation to pupils in the Pisa area between 2004 and 2009, through a cooperation between the Department of Classical Philology at our University and the Provincial Administration of Pisa.1 The project was aimed at pupils of primary and lower secondary schools, in response to a thorough reform of the Italian school system that excluded some pupils from studying Greek and Roman civilisations in as much depth as other parts of history. This article will first provide an overview of the Italian education system and its recent reforms, after which the project Educare all'Antico will be discussed.
Attachment-Based Family Therapy for Adolescents and Young Adults With Suicide Ideation and Depression
Authors: van der Spek Nadia , Dekker Willemieke , Peen Jaap , Santens Tara , Cuijpers Pim , Bosmans Guy , Dekker Jack
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Background: Suicide ideation among adolescents is difficult to treat. Attachment-based family therapy (ABFT) is a promising evidence-based family intervention developed to decrease depressive symptoms and suicide ideation among adolescents. Aims: This open trial assessed the feasibility of ABFT for adolescents (12–23 years) with suicide ideation and depression in an outpatient community mental health center in the Netherlands, by monitoring treatment compliance and satisfaction, treatment dose, and symptom reduction. Methods: Eligible patients were referred by the multidisciplinary treatment team at the facility. Treatment dose was monitored by the therapist. Depression (CDI-2), family functioning (SRFF), and strengths and difficulties (SDQ) were assessed online before the intervention and at 3, 6, and 9 months after baseline. Suicide ideation (SIQ-JR) was assessed at each therapy session, and a satisfaction questionnaire was administered postintervention. A total of 25 families signed informed consent, received ABFT treatment, and were included in the analyses. The therapists were at beginners’ level of ABFT, working under supervision during the trial. Results: The treatment dose was acceptable, though impacted by COVID-related lockdowns, and treatment compliance was 89%. Patients received on average 22 ABFT sessions, and about half of the patients received additional psychotherapy. On average, patients were satisfied with ABFT. There was a significant decrease in suicide ideation postintervention ( d = 0.69) and significant effects on the CDI-2, SRFF, and SDQ at follow-up with medium-to-large effect sizes ( d = 0.53–0.94). Limitations: These results should be interpreted with considerable caution, as there was no control group to establish the effectiveness of ABFT, and the sample was small. Conclusion: ABFT appears to be a feasible therapy for youth with depression and suicide ideation in an outpatient community mental health setting.
CREATE Resilience Through Science, Art, and Community Engagement
Authors: Semmens Kathryn A. , Carr Rachel H. , Maxfield Keri , Sickler Jessica
Published: August 2023

Resilience, specifically community resilience, has a range of definitions but several core elements, including social cohesion and collaboration. Importantly, community‐driven goals and approaches tend to be more effective. The CREATE Resilience project centered on co‐creating a community vision of resilience, specifically as it relates to natural hazards and climate change by focusing on a positive narrative. By engaging youth, artists, municipal officials and community members in a variety of activities, including surveys, story‐gathering and photovoice exhibits, forums, artist‐created murals, and ripple effect mapping (REM), the project increased knowledge of weather and climate, risks from local hazards, and strategies for mitigation, while leading the community in thinking about what resilience means. This article describes the project, its use of science, art, and community to co‐create a vision of resilience for three communities, the components of engagement and their intent, and the evaluation of impact for participants. As determined through surveys and REM, the CREATE project was effective due to the mixture of art, science and community engagement, which provided a range of opportunities for personal connection and learning related to the science and priorities around hazards and mitigation, helping participants with meaning‐making about local hazards and assets, and allowing for a sense of familiarity and interconnectedness. Creating a shared vision of resilience is an effort that engages, connects, and motivates a community around common values and goals, and the approaches implemented through the CREATE project may offer ideas other communities can adopt in efforts to improve resilience.
Comparison of Automated Crater Catalogs for Mars From Benedix et al. (2020) and Lee and Hogan (2021)
Authors: Lee C.
Published: August 2023

Crater mapping using neural networks and other automated methods has increased recently with automated Crater Detection Algorithms (CDAs) applied to planetary bodies throughout the solar system. A recent publication by Benedix et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019ea001005) showed high performance at small scales compared to similar automated CDAs but with a net positive diameter bias in many crater candidates. I compare the publicly available catalogs from Benedix et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019ea001005) and Lee and Hogan (2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2020.104645) and show that the reported performance is sensitive to the metrics used to test the catalogs. I show how the more permissive comparison methods indicate a higher CDA performance by allowing worse candidate craters to match ground‐truth craters. I show that the Benedix et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019ea001005) catalog has a substantial performance loss with increasing latitude and identify an image projection issue that might cause this loss. Finally, I suggest future applications of neural networks in generating large scientific datasets be validated using secondary networks with independent data sources or training methods.
Double‐Diffusive Layer and Meltwater Plume Effects on Ice Face Scalloping in Phase‐Change Simulations
Authors: Wilson Nicholas J. , Vreugdenhil Catherine A. , Gayen Bishakhdatta , Hester Eric W.
Published: August 2023

Antarctic ice shelves are losing mass at increasing rates, yet the ice‐ocean interactions that cause significant ice loss are not well understood. A new approach of high‐resolution phase‐change simulations is used to model vertical ice melting into a stratified ocean. The ocean dynamics show complicated interplay between a turbulent buoyant meltwater plume and double‐diffusive layers, while the ice actively melts and changes topography. At room temperatures, the double‐diffusive layer thickness is closely linked to ice scalloping. At lower, more realistic ocean temperatures, the meltwater plume becomes prominent with a laminar‐to‐turbulent transition imprinting an indent on the melting ice. The double‐diffusive layer thickness is consistent with scaling prediction, while the real‐world application demonstrates reasonably good matching of the scaling prediction for some Antarctic regions. Our study is a key first step toward the future use of high‐resolution phase‐change fluid dynamics simulations to better understand Antarctic ice shelves in a changing climate.
Volcanic Eruptions: A Source of Irreducible Uncertainty for Future Climates
Authors: Zanchettin D.
Published: August 2023

Volcanic forcing, a major natural source of climate variability, represents a challenge for current climate modeling because of the unpredictability and specificity of individual eruptions, and because of the complexity of processes linking the eruption to the climate response. Volcanic forcing is largely underrepresented in available future climate projections, which is a critical problem. The study by Man Mei Chim and Colleagues (Chim et al., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL103743) tackles this known unknown and reveals how climatically relevant volcanic activity may be stronger than currently thought in a future warmer climate, enhancing uncertainty of climate projections. The study exemplifies the profound implications of inaccuracies within simplified climate scenarios and motivates new research on volcanically forced climate variability. It also arouses some thoughts on climate uncertainty communication.
A microscale soft ionic power source modulates neuronal network activity
Authors: Zhang Yujia , Riexinger Jorin , Yang Xingyun , Mikhailova Ellina , Jin Yongcheng , Zhou Linna , Bayley Hagan
Published: August 2023

Bio-integrated devices need power sources to operate1,2. Despite widely used technologies that can provide power to large-scale targets, such as wired energy supplies from batteries or wireless energy transduction3, a need to efficiently stimulate cells and tissues on the microscale is still pressing. The ideal miniaturized power source should be biocompatible, mechanically flexible and able to generate an ionic current for biological stimulation, instead of using electron flow as in conventional electronic devices4–6. One approach is to use soft power sources inspired by the electrical eel7,8; however, power sources that combine the required capabilities have not yet been produced, because it is challenging to obtain miniaturized units that both conserve contained energy before usage and are easily triggered to produce an energy output. Here we develop a miniaturized soft power source by depositing lipid-supported networks of nanolitre hydrogel droplets that use internal ion gradients to generate energy. Compared to the original eel-inspired design7, our approach can shrink the volume of a power unit by more than 105-fold and it can store energy for longer than 24 h, enabling operation on-demand with a 680-fold greater power density of about 1,300 W m−3. Our droplet device can serve as a biocompatible and biological ionic current source to modulate neuronal network activity in three-dimensional neural microtissues and in ex vivo mouse brain slices. Ultimately, our soft microscale ionotronic device might be integrated into living organisms.
Identifying attacks in the Russia–Ukraine conflict using seismic array data
Authors: Dando Ben D. E. , Goertz-Allmann Bettina P. , Brissaud Quentin , Köhler Andreas , Schweitzer Johannes , Kværna Tormod , Liashchuk Alexander
Published: August 2023

Seismometers are generally used by the research community to study local or distant earthquakes, but seismograms also contain critical observations from regional1,2 and global explosions3, which can be used to better understand conflicts and identify potential breaches of international law. Although seismic, infrasound and hydroacoustic technology is used by the International Monitoring System4 to monitor nuclear explosions as part of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, the detection and location of lower-yield military attacks requires a network of sensors much closer to the source of the explosions. Obtaining comprehensive and objective data that can be used to effectively monitor an active conflict zone therefore remains a substantial challenge. Here we show how seismic waves generated by explosions in northern Ukraine and recorded by a local network of seismometers can be used to automatically identify individual attacks in close to real time, providing an unprecedented view of an active conflict zone. Between February and November 2022, we observed more than 1,200 explosions from the Kyiv, Zhytomyr and Chernihiv provinces, providing accurate origin times, locations and magnitudes. We identify a range of seismoacoustic signals associated with various types of military attack, with the resulting catalogue of explosions far exceeding the number of publicly reported attacks. Our results demonstrate that seismic data can be an effective tool for objective monitoring of a continuing conflict, providing invaluable information about potential breaches of international law.
Champion-level drone racing using deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Kaufmann Elia , Bauersfeld Leonard , Loquercio Antonio , Müller Matthias , Koltun Vladlen , Scaramuzza Davide
Published: August 2023

First-person view (FPV) drone racing is a televised sport in which professional competitors pilot high-speed aircraft through a 3D circuit. Each pilot sees the environment from the perspective of their drone by means of video streamed from an onboard camera. Reaching the level of professional pilots with an autonomous drone is challenging because the robot needs to fly at its physical limits while estimating its speed and location in the circuit exclusively from onboard sensors1. Here we introduce Swift, an autonomous system that can race physical vehicles at the level of the human world champions. The system combines deep reinforcement learning (RL) in simulation with data collected in the physical world. Swift competed against three human champions, including the world champions of two international leagues, in real-world head-to-head races. Swift won several races against each of the human champions and demonstrated the fastest recorded race time. This work represents a milestone for mobile robotics and machine intelligence2, which may inspire the deployment of hybrid learning-based solutions in other physical systems.
Neutralization, effector function and immune imprinting of Omicron variants
Authors: Addetia Amin , Piccoli Luca , Case James Brett , Park Young-Jun , Beltramello Martina , Guarino Barbara , Dang Ha , de Melo Guilherme Dias , Pinto Dora , Sprouse Kaitlin , Scheaffer Suzanne M. , Bassi Jessica , Silacci-Fregni Chiara , Muoio Francesco , Dini Marco , Vincenzetti Lucia , Acosta Rima , Johnson Daisy , Subramanian Sambhavi , Saliba Christian , Giurdanella Martina , Lombardo Gloria , Leoni Giada , Culap Katja , McAlister Carley , Rajesh Anushka , Dellota Exequiel , Zhou Jiayi , Farhat Nisar , Bohan Dana , Noack Julia , Chen Alex , Lempp Florian A. , Quispe Joel , Kergoat Lauriane , Larrous Florence , Cameroni Elisabetta , Whitener Bradley , Giannini Olivier , Cippà Pietro , Ceschi Alessandro , Ferrari Paolo , Franzetti-Pellanda Alessandra , Biggiogero Maira , Garzoni Christian , Zappi Stephanie , Bernasconi Luca , Kim Min Jeong , Rosen Laura E. , Schnell Gretja , Czudnochowski Nadine , Benigni Fabio , Franko Nicholas , Logue Jennifer K. , Yoshiyama Courtney , Stewart Cameron , Chu Helen , Bourhy Hervé , Schmid Michael A. , Purcell Lisa A. , Snell Gyorgy , Lanzavecchia Antonio , Diamond Michael S. , Corti Davide , Veesler David
Published: August 2023

Currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants have acquired convergent mutations at hot spots in the receptor-binding domain1 (RBD) of the spike protein. The effects of these mutations on viral infection and transmission and the efficacy of vaccines and therapies remains poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that recently emerged BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.5 variants bind host ACE2 with high affinity and promote membrane fusion more efficiently than earlier Omicron variants. Structures of the BQ.1.1, XBB.1 and BN.1 RBDs bound to the fragment antigen-binding region of the S309 antibody (the parent antibody for sotrovimab) and human ACE2 explain the preservation of antibody binding through conformational selection, altered ACE2 recognition and immune evasion. We show that sotrovimab binds avidly to all Omicron variants, promotes Fc-dependent effector functions and protects mice challenged with BQ.1.1 and hamsters challenged with XBB.1.5. Vaccine-elicited human plasma antibodies cross-react with and trigger effector functions against current Omicron variants, despite a reduced neutralizing activity, suggesting a mechanism of protection against disease, exemplified by S309. Cross-reactive RBD-directed human memory B cells remained dominant even after two exposures to Omicron spikes, underscoring the role of persistent immune imprinting.
High-resolution landscape of an antibiotic binding site
Authors: Yang Kevin B. , Cameranesi Maria , Gowder Manjunath , Martinez Criseyda , Shamovsky Yosef , Epshtein Vitaliy , Hao Zhitai , Nguyen Thao , Nirenstein Eric , Shamovsky Ilya , Rasouly Aviram , Nudler Evgeny
Published: August 2023

Antibiotic binding sites are located in important domains of essential enzymes and have been extensively studied in the context of resistance mutations; however, their study is limited by positive selection. Using multiplex genome engineering1 to overcome this constraint, we generate and characterize a collection of 760 single-residue mutants encompassing the entire rifampicin binding site of Escherichiacoli RNA polymerase (RNAP). By genetically mapping drug–enzyme interactions, we identify an alpha helix where mutations considerably enhance or disrupt rifampicin binding. We find mutations in this region that prolong antibiotic binding, converting rifampicin from a bacteriostatic to bactericidal drug by inducing lethal DNA breaks. The latter are replication dependent, indicating that rifampicin kills by causing detrimental transcription–replication conflicts at promoters. We also identify additional binding site mutations that greatly increase the speed of RNAP.Fast RNAP depletes the cell of nucleotides, alters cell sensitivity to different antibiotics and provides a cold growth advantage. Finally, by mapping natural rpoB sequence diversity, we discover that functional rifampicin binding site mutations that alter RNAP properties or confer drug resistance occur frequently in nature.
Integrated multi-omics analysis reveals the molecular interplay between circadian clocks and cancer pathogenesis
Authors: Pérez-Villa Andy , Echeverría-Garcés Gabriela , Ramos-Medina María José , Prathap Lavanya , Martínez-López Mayra , Ramírez-Sánchez David , García-Cárdenas Jennyfer M. , Armendáriz-Castillo Isaac , Guerrero Santiago , Paz Clara , López-Cortés Andrés
Published: August 2023

Circadian rhythms (CRs) are fundamental biological processes that significantly impact human well-being. Disruption of these rhythms can trigger insufficient neurocognitive development, insomnia, mental disorders, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic dysfunctions, and cancer. The field of chronobiology has increased our understanding of how rhythm disturbances contribute to cancer pathogenesis, and how circadian timing influences the efficacy of cancer treatments. As the circadian clock steadily gains recognition as an emerging factor in tumorigenesis, a thorough and comprehensive multi-omics analysis of CR genes/proteins has never been performed. To shed light on this, we performed, for the first time, an integrated data analysis encompassing genomic/transcriptomic alterations across 32 cancer types (n = 10,918 tumors) taken from the PanCancer Atlas, unfavorable prognostic protein analysis, protein–protein interactomics, and shortest distance score pathways to cancer hallmark phenotypes. This data mining strategy allowed us to unravel 31 essential CR-related proteins involved in the signaling crossroad between circadian rhythms and cancer. In the context of drugging the clock, we identified pharmacogenomic clinical annotations and drugs currently in late phase clinical trials that could be considered as potential cancer therapeutic strategies. These findings highlight the diverse roles of CR-related genes/proteins in the realm of cancer research and therapy.
Two state reactivity (TSR) and hydrogen tunneling reaction kinetics measured in the Co+ mediated decomposition of CH3CHO
Authors: Lewis Tucker W. R. , Mastin Evan M. , Theis Zachry C. , Okafor Simon U. , Gutierrez Michael G. , Bellert Darrin J.
Published: August 2023

Two-state reactivity and proton tunneling are dynamic features inferred from the measured kinetics in the Co+ + CH3CHO reaction. These features reduce reaction energetic requirements below the adiabatic limit.
Phosphine-catalyzed Rauhut–Currier reaction of γ-alkyl allenoate and subsequent trapping using the Diels–Alder reaction
Authors: Zhang Juan , Hao Wei , Chen Ying , Wang Zhen , Yao Jinzhong , Yao Weijun
Published: August 2023

We have disclosed a Rauhut–Currier reaction of γ-alkyl-substituted allenoate, catalyzed by l-valine-derived amide phosphine, to form trisubstitued allenoate, which was trapped by maleimide or DMAD via the Diels–Alder reaction.
A 3D tetrathiafulvalene-based metal–organic framework with intramolecular charge transfer for efficient near-infrared photothermal conversion
Authors: Zhang Yu , Xia Zi-Wei , Shen Liang-jun , Tang Hao , Luo Xu-Feng , Li Xing , Xiao Xunwen
Published: August 2023

Two donor–metal–accepter (D–M–A) type MOFs with progressive framework dimensions were developed. Importantly, 3D TTFDPAT-Cd-MOF with 3-fold interpolation exhibited satisfactory photothermal conversion efficiency of 35.7%.
Specific N-terminal attachment of TMTHSI linkers to native peptides and proteins for strain-promoted azide alkyne cycloaddition
Authors: Timmers Matt , Peeters Wouter , Hauwert Niels J. , Rijcken Cristianne J. F. , Vermonden Tina , Dijkgraaf Ingrid , Liskamp Rob M. J.
Published: August 2023

The N-terminal specific attachment of the reactive TMTHSI-click handle to peptides and proteins is described followed by strain-promoted cycloaddition with azide containing peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, or other small or large azide compounds.
Deltamethrin and fenvalerate in vegetables and rice
Authors: Vadia Foziya Yusuf , Johny Jinet Susan , Malek Naved I. , Kailasa Suresh Kumar
Published: August 2023

MO-CDs acted as a probe for the detection of deltamethrin and fenvalerate via fluorescence turn-off mechanism.
Poly(ionic liquid)s with unique adsorption-swelling ability toward epoxides for efficient atmospheric CO2 conversion under cocatalyst-/metal-/solvent-free conditions
Authors: Chen Bihua , Zhang Shiguo , Zhang Yan
Published: August 2023

Poly(ionic liquid)s with unique adsorption-swelling ability to epoxides are facilely synthesized via free radical polymerization in water, serving as highly efficient heterogeneous catalysts for atmospheric CO2 cycloaddition under mild conditions.
Recent progress in the electrochemical selenofunctionalization of alkenes and alkynes
Authors: Qu Pei , Jiang You-Qin , Wang Yong-Hao , Liu Gong-Qing
Published: August 2023

The recent advances on the electrochemical selenofunctionalization of unsaturated C–C bonds were comprehensively summarized in this review.
Exploration of a NiFeV multi-metal compositional space for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Vijayakumar Anagha Usha , Mathew Jael George , Muzikansky Anya , Barad Hannah-Noa , Zitoun David
Published: August 2023

We performed a high throughput investigation of a Ni, Fe and V library for the oxygen evolution reaction. The study provides insights into the composition-activity relationship and guides rapid design and development of high performing catalysts.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 3,3′-diindolylmethane N-linked glycoconjugate as a leishmanial topoisomerase IB inhibitor with reduced cytotoxicity
Authors: Kour Parampreet , Saha Pallavi , Bhattacharya Srija , Kumari Diksha , Debnath Abhipsa , Roy Amit , Sharma Deepak K. , Mukherjee Debaraj , Singh Kuljit
Published: August 2023

Glycosylation of DIM derivatives significantly reduced the cytotoxicity.
Integrated patterned wettability surface for signal expression and efficient photodegradation of multiple water-soluble dyes
Authors: Jiang Xian , Yang Di , Xu Guang , Tang Pengcheng , Yang Fuchao , Guo Zhiguang
Published: August 2023

A multifunctional integrated patterned wettability surface has been prepared for binary signal expression as well as efficient photodegradation of organic dyes.
The interaction of SNR Kes 17 with the interstellar medium: Fresh view from radio and γ-rays
Authors: Supán L. , Castelletti G. , Lemière A.
Published: August 2023

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the Galactic supernova remnant (SNR) Kes 17 (G304.6+0.1). The focus is on its radio synchrotron emission, its surroundings, and the factors contributing to the observed γ rays. The fitting to the first obtained integrated radio continuum spectrum spanning from 88 to 8800 MHz yields an index α = −0.488 ± 0.023 (Sν ∝ να), which is indicative of a linear particle acceleration process at the shock front of the remnant. Accounting for the SNR radio shell size, the distribution of atomic hydrogen (nH ~ 10 cm−3), and assuming that the SNR is in the Sedov-Taylor stage of its evolution, we estimate that the remnant age is roughly 11 kyr. This result falls at the lower end of the wide range (~2–64 kyr) derived from previous analyses of the diffuse X-ray emission interior to the remnant. Furthermore, we used 12CO and 13CO (J = 1–0) emission line data as a proxy for molecular hydrogen and provide the first evidence that the eastern shell of Kes 17 is engulfing a molecular enhancement in the surrounding gas, with an average mass 4.2 × 104 M⊙ and density n ~ 300 cm−3. Towards the western boundary of Kes 17, no signatures of carbon monoxide emissions are detected above 3σ, despite previously reported infrared observations that revealed shocked molecular gas at this location. This suggests the existence of a CO-dark interacting molecular gas, a phenomenon also recorded in other Galactic SNRs (e.g. CTB 37A and RX J1713.7–3946) that reveals itself both in the infrared and γ-ray domains. Additionally, by analysing ~14.5 yr of continuously collected data from the Large Area Telescope on board the satellite Fermi, we determined that the best-fit power-law photon index for the 0.3–300 GeV γ-ray emission from the Kes 17 region is Γ = 2.39 ± 0.04−0.114+0.063 (±stat ±syst), in agreement with prior studies. The energy flux is (2.98 ± 0.14) × 10−11 erg cm−2 s−1, implying a luminosity (2.22 ± 0.45) × 1035 erg s−1 at ~8 kpc. Finally, we successfully modelled the multiwavelength spectral energy distribution by incorporating the radio-synchrotron spectrum and the new measurements of GeV γ-rays. Our analysis indicates that the observed γ-ray flux most likely originates from the interaction of Kes 17 with a western dark CO zone with a proton density np ~ 400 cm−3.
Determination of scattering coefficient and scattering anisotropy factor of tissue-mimicking phantoms using line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT)
Authors: Waszczuk Léna , Ogien Jonas , Pain Frédéric , Dubois Arnaud
Published: August 2023

Line-field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography (LC-OCT) is an imaging modality based on a combination of time-domain optical coherence tomography and reflectance confocal microscopy. LC-OCT provides three-dimensional images of semi-transparent samples with a spatial resolution of ∼1 μm. The technique is primarily applied to in vivo skin imaging. The image contrast in LC-OCT arises from the backscattering of incident light by the sample microstructures, which is determined by the optical scattering properties of the sample, characterized by the scattering coefficient μs and the scattering anisotropy factor g. In biological tissues, the scattering properties are determined by the organization, structure and refractive indexes of the sample. The measurement of these properties using LC-OCT would therefore allow a quantitative characterization of tissues in vivo. We present a method for extracting the two scattering properties μs and g of tissue-mimicking phantoms from 3D LC-OCT images. The method provides the mean values of μs and g over a lateral field of view of 1.2 mm × 0.5 mm (x × y). It can be applied to monolayered and bilayered samples, where it allows extraction of μs and g of each layer. Our approach is based on a calibration using a phantom with known optical scattering properties and on the application of a theoretical model to the intensity depth profiles acquired by LC-OCT. It was experimentally tested against integrating spheres and collimated transmission measurements for a set of monolayered and bilayered scattering phantoms.
Comparison of statistical, machine learning, and mathematical modelling methods to investigate the effect of ageing on dog’s cardiovascular system
Authors: Alizadeh Elham Ataei , Faya Sara Costa , Liu Haibo , Lombardi Damiano , Bernasconi Sylvain , Guns Pieter-Jan , Markert Michael
Published: August 2023

The aim of this work is to provide a preliminary comparison of different classes of methods to automatically detect the effect of ageing from in vivo data. The application which motivated this work is related to safety pharmacology, whose major goal is to determine, in a pre-clinical phase, whether a drug is potentially dangerous for the health. In particular, we are going to compare statistical, machine learning and mathematical modelling methods.
Construction of a multidimensional performance model based on the perceptions of hospital stakeholders
Authors: Senhaji Zineb , Fikri Khalid
Published: August 2023

The objective of this article is to design a performance model through a qualitative study conducted on the different stakeholders of the University Health center in regards to their perception of the hospital performance. The study was conducted by dint of interview guides addressing the internal as well as the external stakeholders of the hospital having an influence on the performance of the University Health Centre UHC. The model constructed illustrates that hospital performance is a multidimensional construct that is close to two theoretical performance models, namely the BSC and the WHO PATH model. The combination of the two models allowed for a reconciliation between the visions of the different professional categories of hospitals, resulting in a performance model, which reconciles the vision of caregiving, and the vision of management.
Implementierung eines phytotherapeutischen Standards in einer
pädiatrischen Akutklinik
Authors: Anheyer Melanie , Finetti Claudio
Published: August 2023

Der Einsatz naturheilkundlicher und komplementärer Verfahren kann in der
Behandlung von Kindern und Jugendlichen eine sinnvolle Ergänzung zur
konventionellen Therapie sein. Angesichts der langen Tradition und der
weitverbreiteten Nutzung pflanzlicher Arzneimittel in Deutschland ist die
Implementierung von Phytotherapie in einer pädiatrischen Akutklinik ein
sinnvoller Schritt im Hinblick einer Integrativen Pädiatrie. Zu Beginn
wurden am Elisabeth-Krankenhaus in Essen 5 verschiedene Phytopharmaka in die
Regelversorgung der Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin integriert.
Neben dem Implementierungsprozess werden Hindernisse und Herausforderungen
dargestellt. Die Erfahrung 5 Jahre nach erfolgreicher Implementierung zeigt,
dass eine Fortführung neben regelmäßigen Schulungen der
wechselnden Mitarbeiter auch von der Anwesenheit einzelner Experten
abhängig ist. Förderlich für eine Verstetigung
wäre darüber hinaus die Möglichkeit der Abrechenbarkeit
naturheilkundlicher und komplementärer Verfahren in der Anwendung bei
Kindern und Jugendlichen sowie im speziellen der Phytotherapie in der
Klinik.
Galphimia glauca Cav.,der Kleine Goldregen
Authors: Melzig Matthias F.
Published: August 2023

Galphimia glauca Cav., Kleiner Goldregen (Malpighiaceae), ist eine in
Mexiko endemische Pflanze, die seit präkolumbianischer Zeit
therapeutisch verwendet wird. Neben antiallergischen Wirkungen zeigt die
Blattdroge auch anxiolytische und sedative Effekte, die in mehreren klinischen
Studien bestätigt werden konnten. Für diese pharmakologische
Aktivität werden v. a. Galphimine (Nor-seco-Triterpene)
verantwortlich gemacht. Relevante toxische Effekte wurden bei der Anwendung
nicht beobachtet.
Der obere Atemweg bei OSA-Patienten ist auch im Wachzustand pathologisch
Authors: Degerli Mikail Aykut , Koehler Ulrich , Kesper Karl , Hildebrandt Olaf , Conradt Regina , Koehler Niklas , Stenger Manuel , Hildebrandt Wulf , Sambale Janine
Published: August 2023

Die obstruktive Schlafapnoe (OSA) ist charakterisiert durch eine partielle bzw. komplette Obstruktion des pharyngealen Atemwegs. Prinzipiell kann man anatomische von nicht-anatomischen Faktoren unterscheiden. Alter und Adipositas stellen die Hauptrisikofaktoren für OSA dar, dennoch sind etwa 50% der Patienten nicht adipös. Im höheren Alter (>60 Jahre) nimmt der Stellenwert der Adipositas ab, es werden vermehrt normgewichtige Patienten mit OSA gefunden. Durch Effekte der chronisch intermittierenden Hypoxämie, der Low-grade-Inflammation, des erhöhten Sympathikotonus sowie der mechanischen Beanspruchung kommt es zu einer Muskelfasertransformation im oberen Atemweg mit verminderter Muskelmasse und -kraft. Seltener auftretende nicht-anatomische Faktoren sind ein reduzierter muskulärer Tonus, eine erhöhte Arousalschwelle sowie eine veränderte Sensibilität der Chemorezeptoren auf CO2.
Chiral Bifunctional Sulfide-Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of α-Substituted γ-Lactones Bearing a γ-Quaternary Stereocenter
Authors: Shirakawa Seiji , Mori Taiki , Sumida Sao , Furuya Yasuaki
Published: August 2023

Catalytic highly enantioselective syntheses of α-spiro-γ-lactones and α-substituted γ-lactones bearing a γ-quaternary stereocenter have been achieved through chiral bifunctional sulfide-catalyzed asymmetric bromolactonizations. The synthetic utility of the optically active γ-lactone products was demonstrated by transformations into functionalized γ-lactones and epoxides possessing a quaternary stereocenter.
Análise comparativa da migração do componente tibial da artroplastia total do joelho cimentada versus não cimentada versus não cimentada com revestimento de hidroxapatita por dois, cinco e dez anos: uma metanálise
Authors: Machado Jean Klay dos Santos , Rodrigues Bárbara Gonçalves , Silva Laercio Dezinho da
Published: August 2023

Objetivo Avaliar e comparar a migração obtida pelo componente tibial na Artroplastia Total de Joelho (ATJ) cimentada, não cimentada sem revestimento e não cimentada com revestimento de hidroxapatita aos 2, 5 e 10 anos pós operatório.

Métodos Esta metanálise foi conduzida de acordo com o Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Foi realizada busca a partir das bases de dados PubMed e MeSH no período de junho a julho de 2022.

Resultados Oito ensaios clínicos randomizados foram incluídos. Um total de 668 joelhos submetidos a ATJ foram avaliados. Observou-se que a média de Maximun Total Point Motion (MTPM) nas ATJ cimentada foi maior em experimentos com cinco anos com média de 0,67 mm (IC95% - 0,52 a 0,87), as ATJ não cimentadas com revestimento de hidroxapatita também obtiveram maior média neste período (1mm; IC95% - 0,82 a 1,22). Em ATJ não cimentada sem revestimento o maior MTPM médio ocorreu no período de 10 anos (1,30mm; IC95% - 0,70 a 2,39). O MTPM foi estatisticamente semelhante no curto e longo prazo ao comparar as técnicas cimentada e não cimentada, com diferença média padronizada -0,65 (IC95%, -1,65 a 0,35).

Conclusão A migração obtida pelo componente tibial na artroplastia total de joelho (ATJ) foi estatisticamente semelhante em 2, 5 e 10 anos ao comparar as técnicas cimentada e não cimentada (com e sem revestimento). Entretanto, devido ao pequeno número de artigos existentes, são necessários mais estudos clínicos sobre tais técnicas e com maior tempo de acompanhamento.
A turbulent journey toward understanding space plasma dynamics
Authors: Shapiro Maura
Published: August 2023

Discontinuities caused by supersonic shocks provide insight into the nature of energy dissipation in turbulent plasmas.
Correlation between reference point indentation and mechanical properties of 3D-printed polymers
Authors: Pang Siyuan , Jasiuk Iwona
Published: August 2023

Reference point indentation (RPI) is a novel experimental technique designed to evaluate bone quality. This study utilizes two RPI instruments, BioDent and Osteoprobe, to investigate the mechanical responses of several 3D-printed polymers. We correlated the mechanical properties from a tensile test with the RPI parameters obtained from the BioDent and OsteoProbe. In addition, we tested the same polymers five years later (Age 5). The results show that for Age 0 polymers, the elastic modulus is highly correlated with average unloading slope (r = 0.87), first unloading slope (r = 0.85), bone material strength index (BMSi) (r = 0.85), average loading slope (r = 0.82), first indentation distance (r = 0.79), and total indentation distance (r = 0.76). The ultimate stress correlates significantly with first unloading slope (r = 0.85), average unloading slope (r = 0.83), BMSi (r = 0.81), first indentation distance (r = 0.73), average loading slope (r = 0.71), and total indentation distance (r = 0.70). The elongation has no significant correlation with the RPI parameters except with the average creep indentation distance (r = 0.60). For Age 5 polymers, correlations between mechanical properties and RPI parameters are low. This study illustrates the potential of RPI to assess the mechanical properties of polymers nondestructively with simple sample requirements. Furthermore, for the first time, 3D-printed polymers and aged polymers are investigated with RPI.
Arbitrarily large heteroclinic networks in fixed low-dimensional state space
Authors: Castro Sofia B. S. D. , Lohse Alexander
Published: August 2023

We consider heteroclinic networks between n∈N nodes where the only connections are those linking each node to its two subsequent neighboring ones. Using a construction method where all nodes are placed in a single one-dimensional space and the connections lie in coordinate planes, we show that it is possible to robustly realize these networks in R6 for any number of nodes n using a polynomial vector field. This bound on the space dimension (while the number of nodes in the network goes to ∞) is a novel phenomenon and a step toward more efficient realization methods for given connection structures in terms of the required number of space dimensions. We briefly discuss some stability properties of the generated heteroclinic objects.
Observations of two-dimensional turbulence in the surfzone
Authors: Elgar Steve , Dooley Ciara , Gorrell Levi , Raubenheimer Britt
Published: August 2023

Low-frequency, many-minute-period horizontal surfzone eddies are an important mechanism for the dispersion of material, transporting larvae, pollutants, sediment, and swimmers both across and along the nearshore. Previous numerical, laboratory, and field observations on alongshore uniform bathymetry with no or roughly uniform mean background flows suggest that the low-frequency eddies may be the result of a two-dimensional inverse energy cascade that transfers energy from relatively small spatial-scale vorticity injected by depth limited breaking waves to larger and larger spatial scales. Here, using remotely sensed high-spatial resolution estimates of currents, those results are extended to surfzones with strong complex mean circulation patterns [flows O(1 m/s)] owing to nonuniform bathymetry. Similar to previous results, wavenumber spectra and second-order structure functions calculated from the observations are consistent with a two-dimensional inverse energy cascade. The size of the largest eddies is shown to depend on the surfzone width and the spatial scales of the mean currents. Third-order structure functions also are consistent with an inverse cascade for spatial scales greater than ∼50 m. At smaller scales, the third-order structure functions suggest a mixture of inverse and forward cascades.
A visually meaningful image encryption algorithm based on P-tensor product compressive sensing and newly-designed 2D memristive chaotic map
Authors: Yang Yu-Guang , Cheng Fei-Er , Jiang Dong-Hua , Zhou Yi-Hua , Shi Wei-Min , Liao Xin
Published: August 2023

The noise-like visual feature of cipher images produced by using the traditional image encryption technology explicitly reflects the presence of secret information. To overcome this issue, a visually meaningful image encryption algorithm is proposed based on a newly designed 2D memristive chaotic map, P-tensor product compressive sensing (PTP-CS) and discrete Hartley transform (DHT). For concreteness, a new two-dimensional discrete memristive chaotic map is first designed to provide highly unpredictable secret code streams while maintaining low time consumption. Second, the threshold processing and zigzag confusion operations are performed on the discrete wavelet coefficients of the plain image to meet the prerequisites for effective compression. Third, the intermediate secret information is obtained by utilizing PTP-CS in the compression layer. Information entropy and edge entropy are employed to adaptively identify the complex regions that are suitable for embedding due to inconspicuous visual degradation in the carrier image. Finally, the embedding of the secret information in the DHT domain of these regions is accomplished. Security test and performance analysis confirm that our algorithm has the advantage of a high balance between the encryption security and the decryption recovery, and exhibits excellent performance in important indicators such as visual quality, robustness and timeliness.
Composite electrode materials based on nickel cobalt sulfide/carbon nanotubes to enhance the Redox activity for high performance Asymmetric supercapacitor devices
Authors: Waris Muhammad Hamza , Khan Rizwan , Afzal Amir Muhammad , Iqbal Muhammad Waqas , Imran Muhammad , Mumtaz Muhammad Azhar , Usman Muhammad , Ghfar Ayman A , Mumtaz Sohail , Hussain Zahid
Published: August 2023

Asymmetric supercapacitor or supercapattery, is a unique device that combines the best features of both supercapacitors and batteries. Specifically, it offers improved cycle life and specific power, which are the strengths of supercapacitors, along with the high energy density that batteries are known for. This technology represents a significant advancement in energy storage and has the potential to revolutionize various industries. In this work, nickel cobalt sulfide (NiCoS) was synthesized through a hydrothermal process and then physically mixed with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The electrical characteristics of the material were analyzed using a three-electrode and a two-electrode setup. In a three-electrode system, NiCoS/CNTs composite showed a specific capacity of 1542.1 Cg−1 at 2.5 Ag−1. In an asymmetric device, the negative and positive electrode was activated carbon (AC) and NiCoS/CNTs, respectively. The composite of NiCoS/CNTs exhibited a specific capacity of 161.3 Cg−1, which is noteworthy. Additionally, the material demonstrated an exceptional energy density of 35.5 Whkg−1 and a power density of 1800 Wkg−1. The capacity retention of the composite material was 84.0% after 5000 cycles. The composite electrode materials of transition metal sulfide and CNT in a 90/10 wt. ratio provides an opportunity to develop high-performance energy storage devices.
Stochastic dynamics of a semiconductor laser with delayed optoelectronic feedback and noise
Authors: Hu Zhouyu , Wang Qiubao
Published: August 2023

Semiconductor lasers(SLs), versatile tools in communication, medicine, and scientific research, demand close examination of their dynamic behavior. With their unique geometric forms and diminutive sizes, these lasers possess a heightened sensitivity to noise. In this paper, we delve into time-delay semiconductor laser systems, noise included, honing in on time-delays’ effects on noisy laser equations. Carrier density (N) and laser intensity (I) constitute the core parameters that define the performance of these lasers, and we scrutinize their dynamic trajectories. A cutting-edge method fusing stochastic center manifold theory with the stochastic averaging method enables us to probe the stochastic dynamical attributes of semiconductor laser equations. We uncover that the time-delay parameter (τ
1) produces varied consequences on the laser system’s stability under both positive and negative optical feedback conditions. The negative feedback typically bolsters laser performance, fostering increased stability, whereas the positive counterpart could incite instability. By deftly managing the time-delay parameter, one can fine-tune the dynamic performance of semiconductor lasers, mitigating output power fluctuations and tightening linewidths, thereby augmenting stability and spectral purity. Moreover, in the realm of positive optical feedback scenarios, adroitly modifying the time-delay parameter can quell instability to a degree, paving the way for a novel regulatory approach to optimize laser performance. This lays the groundwork for further enhancement of semiconductor laser performance, as well as curbing the detrimental effects of noise on their operation.