bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subúrbio moderno, utopia burguesa. reflexões sobre a modernização de São Paulo e a suburbanização do Morumbi
Authors: Dall'Alba Anderson
Published: July 2019

A formação de subúrbios na periferia do cuore urbano de São Paulo logo no início do século XX é um fenômeno que já motivou estudos nas mais diversas frentes. Sabe-se que, embora a suburbanização tenha envolvido sobretudo os grupos socioeconômicos de renda baixa, ela também abrangeu famílias de médio e alto poder aquisitivo. O atual distrito do Morumbi, urbanizado a partir do final da década de 1940, compreende diversos bairros que foram concebidos como subúrbios para famílias de renda alta. Dentre eles, o Paineiras do Morumbi, projetado pelo arquiteto Oswaldo Bratke (1907-1997), é um exemplo representativo do padrão de traçado adotado em quase toda aquela região. Este artigo examina justamente a suburbanização que envolveu parte das classes de renda média e alta da população de São Paulo ao final dos anos 1940, e que promoveu, nesse período, a ocupação do Morumbi. O objetivo é discutir os fatores que impulsionaram a emergência desse processo, bem como elucidar as dinâmicas de desenvolvimento e configuração urbana típicas dos bairros que hoje conformam o distrito. Inicialmente, o trabalho revisa as principais transformações urbanas ocorridas em São Paulo a partir dos anos 1920, quando a cidade enfrentou sua primeira modernização. A segunda parte examina o projeto de Oswaldo Bratke para o bairro Paineiras do Morumbi, que é tomado como estudo de caso. Na reflexão final, atenta-se para as principais motivações que facilitaram a suburbanização do Morumbi, pontuando a contradição inerente a tal processo. Nesse sentido, o subúrbio parece ter sido encarado por parte das famílias nucleares de elite como oportunidade de realizar uma utopia de vida moderna em um cenário agreste porém modernizado, distante das condições urbanas conturbadas e heterogêneas que vinham se impondo na metrópole.
Habitação e habitat camponês em debate no IAU-USP. O Iº Seminário Regional do Habitat Rural: moradia, produção e a questão agrária no oeste paulista
Authors: Lopes João Marcos De Almeida , Ino Akemi
Published: July 2019

Aparte
Insights Into the Pathogenesis of Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia From Engineered Human Heart Tissue
Authors: Park Sung-Jin , Zhang Donghui , Qi Yan , Li Yifei , Lee Keel Yong , Bezzerides Vassilios J. , Yang Pengcheng , Xia Shutao , Kim Sean L. , Liu Xujie , Lu Fujian , Pasqualini Francesco S. , Campbell Patrick H. , Geva Judith , Roberts Amy E. , Kleber Andre G. , Abrams Dominic J. , Pu William T. , Parker Kevin Kit
Published: July 2019

Background:

Modeling of human arrhythmias with induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes has focused on single-cell phenotypes. However, arrhythmias are the emergent properties of cells assembled into tissues, and the impact of inherited arrhythmia mutations on tissue-level properties of human heart tissue has not been reported.

Methods:

Here, we report an optogenetically based, human engineered tissue model of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), an inherited arrhythmia caused by mutation of the cardiac ryanodine channel and triggered by exercise. We developed a human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocyte–based platform to study the tissue-level properties of engineered human myocardium. We investigated pathogenic mechanisms in CPVT by combining this novel platform with genome editing.

Results:

In our model, CPVT tissues were vulnerable to developing reentrant rhythms when stimulated by rapid pacing and catecholamine, recapitulating hallmark features of the disease. These conditions elevated diastolic Ca
2+
levels and increased temporal and spatial dispersion of Ca
2+
wave speed, creating a vulnerable arrhythmia substrate. Using Cas9 genome editing, we pinpointed a single catecholamine-driven phosphorylation event, ryanodine receptor–serine 2814 phosphorylation by Ca
2
+
/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, that is required to unmask the arrhythmic potential of CPVT tissues.

Conclusions:

Our study illuminates the molecular and cellular pathogenesis of CPVT and reveals a critical role of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II–dependent reentry in the tissue-scale mechanism of this disease. We anticipate that this approach will be useful for modeling other inherited and acquired cardiac arrhythmias.
Preanalytical classical and alternative complement pathway activity loss
Authors: Vercauteren Koen O.A. , Lambrecht Stijn , Delanghe Joris
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Complement functional analyses provide insight into the integrity of the entire complement reaction cascade. These tests are suitable for investigating suspected complement deficiencies. Falsely reduced test outcomes may result from preanalytical instabilities of individual complement components. To generate rationale for this or potential alternative practices, this study aimed to extend the knowledge on the preanalytical stability of widely used tests to screen the complement system. We assessed the influence of time, temperature and EDTA on classical (CH50) and alternative pathway (AP50) functional assay test results. Materials and methods: We used nephelometric (C3d) and immunofixation (C3c) techniques to support the investigation of the preanalytical phase of basic complement system activity tests. Quantitative determination of classical and alternative pathway function was performed with a haemolytic activity assay and a C5b-9 neo-epitope ELISA-based assay respectively. Blood of five healthy volunteers was sampled and complement components allowed to degrade under different conditions. Results: CH50 and AP50 remain stable for approximately one week in serum samples incubated on ice. CH50 activity decreased almost twice as fast in EDTA plasma compared to serum at room temperature. AP50 activity contrastingly, decreased twice as slow in EDTA plasma compared to serum at room temperature. Conclusion: Serum on ice remains the preferred specimen for functional complement analyses. In the absence of serum transported on ice, serum kept at room temperature (not exceeding 24h) is suitable for classical and alternative pathway analyses. For alternative pathway analyses specifically, the C3-stabilising effect of EDTA allows for the extended use of EDTA plasma (not over 4 days). In these conditions, at least 85% of baseline complement activity remains.
Determining biological variation of serum parathyroid hormone in healthy
adults
Authors: Ercan Müjgan , Avcı Esin , Serdar Muhittin , Turhan Turan , Oğuz Esra Fırat , Yücel Çiğdem , Akbulut Emiş Deniz
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Measurement of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is essential in the investigation and management of calcium metabolism disorders. To
assess the significance of any assay result when clinical decision making biological variation (BV) of the measurand must be taken into consideration. The aim of the present study is determining the BV parameters for serum PTH.
Materials and methods: Blood samples were taken at weekly intervals from 20 healthy subjects for ten weeks in this prospective BV study. Serum “intact PTH” concentrations were measured with electrochemiluminescence method. Biological variation parameters were estimated using the approach proposed by Fraser.
Results: The values of within-subject biological variation (CVI), between-subject biological variation (CVG), analytical variation (CVA), reference change value (RCV) and individuality index (II) for serum PTH were 21.1%, 24.9%, 3.8%, 59.4% and 0.8%, respectively. Within-subject biological variation and CVG were also determined according to gender separately; 18.5% and 24.0%; 26.2% and 18.6% for male and female, respectively. Calculated desirable precision and bias goals were < 10.6% and < 6.3%, respectively.
Conclusion: This study may contribute to BV data on serum PTH as it includes a sufficient number of volunteers from both genders over an acceptable period of time. We do not recommend the usage of population-based reference intervals for serum PTH concentrations. Reference change value may be helpful for the evaluation of serial serum PTH results. Nonetheless, evaluation of data according to gender is necessary when setting analytical performance specifications.
From Paris to Katowice: cop-24 Tackles the Paris Rulebook
Authors: Streck Charlotte , von Unger Moritz , Krämer Nicole
Published: July 2019

The adoption of the “Paris rulebook” at Katowice in late 2018 marks the most significant milestone in international climate policy making since the adoption of the Paris Agreement in 2015. Through a package of decisions, Parties to the Paris Agreement fulfilled almost all of the Paris mandate and moved towards the full implementation of the treaty. With the exception of the discussion on the future of carbon markets, negotiators managed to find common ground across negotiation items ranging from mitigation action to ensuring transparency and follow-up, including through “global stocktakes”, climate finance and technology transfer. Most obligations will apply to all countries, replacing the “bifurcation” of the Kyoto Protocol with a common set of rules for all Parties. Developing countries can make the case for additional time and assistance to comply with the full set of requirements. Several matters are left for future sessions – concerning, in particular, the harmonization of the timeframes of mitigation goals, markets and finance mobilization– and structural challenges – not least concerning the integration of non-state actors – remain. However, in building on accountability, trust, and compliance through facilitation, the new Paris rules may ultimately prove decidedly more robust and sustainable than those of the Kyoto Protocol.
Origin of Rosa x binaloudensis (Rosaceae), a new natural hybrid species from Iran
Authors: VAEZI JAMIL , ARJMANDI ALI ASGHAR , SHARGHI HAMID REZA
Published: July 2019

Rosa x binaloudensis, a new natural hybrid between R. beggeriana and R. persica is described and characterized after analyzing a set of morphological and molecular data. The putative hybrid with a small population occurs in the mountainous area of northeastern Iran. This taxon resembles R. beggeriana in having white corolla and pinnately compound leaves but its petals have red blotch at the base of each more similar to R. persica. In the morphological study we performed both the univariate and multivariate analyses. Results of Mann-Whitney U test show that among 62 vegetative and floral morphological traits used, 37 (59%) of the hybrid characters are parental-like, 14 (23%) traits are intermediate and 11 (18%) appear to be transgressive (both new and extreme characters). Multivariate analyses (PCoA) generally show that the hybrid is intermediate between its putative parents. In the molecular study we amplified, cloned, and sequenced ribotypes (nuclear rDNA-ITS region) of the hybrid, its putative parents and all members of the subgenus Rosa to detect their possible involvement in the hybridization. In addition to phylogenetic tree reconstruction, due to low molecular resolution among the ITS ribotypes, a phylogenetic network was also provided. Both the phylogenetic tree and haplotype network analysis confirmed the occurrence of the hybridization between the proposed parental species, R. beggeriana and R. persica. By using the chloroplastic trnL-F sequences, our phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that R. persica has played as a maternal role in the hybridization.
Two new species of Richardina A. Milne-Edwards, 1881 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Stenopodidea: Stenopodidae), representing the first occurrences of the genus from the Pacific
Authors: SAITO TOMOMI , KOMATSU HIRONORI
Published: July 2019

More than a century after the description of Richardina fredericii Lo Bianco, 1903, two new species of the stenopodid genus Richardina A. Milne-Edwards, 1881, are described and illustrated. Richardina ohtsukai n. sp. was collected from the Nansei Islands, southwestern Japan at depths of 655 – 730 m and R. parvioculata n. sp. was collected from off Tosa Bay, western Japan at a depth of 517 m. To our knowledge, these are the first occurrences of the genus from the Pacific and greatly extend its known geographical range, as the genus Richardina is previously known only from the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Species of Richardina are very similar to each other with few morphological differences. R. ohtsukai is unique in having additional movable spines on the dorsal margins of the dactyli of the fourth and fifth pereopods. R. parvioculata is distinguished from congeners by way of its generally reduced armament of the carapace and pleon as follows: it lacks the median row of spines on the posterior margin of the cervical groove, has a relatively large eyestalk and small-sized cornea, and blunt spines on the dorsolateral carinae of the telson.
An interesting new species of Acmaeodera (s. str.) Eschscholtz 1829 from the Afrotropical Region (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)
Authors: LEVEY BRIAN
Published: July 2019

A new species Acmaeodera (s. str.) from Tanzania is described and illustrated. A. bertrami n. sp. exhibits an interesting development of the metasternum which is apparently unknown in other Acmaeoderini. A. childreni Laporte & Gory 1835 is synonymised with A. quadrifasciata octodecimpunctata Gory 1840. A reassessment of the subgeneric assignment of some Afrotropical species of Acmaeodera (s. lat.) is given.
The identity of Dicranomyia (Dicranomyia) luteipennis Goetghebuer
(Diptera, Limoniidae)
Authors: STARÝ JAROSLAV
Published: July 2019

x Dicranomyia (Dicranomyia) luteipennis Goetghebuer in Goetghebuer & Tonnoir, 1920 is revised and its diagnostic characters are elucidated. Descriptions are provided of three closely related species, viz. D. (D.) fuscinota sp. n. (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Italy, Slovakia, Switzerland), D. (D.) magninota sp. n. (Spain) and D. (D.) pallidinota sp. n. (Bulgaria, Greece, France (Corsica), Lebanon, Syria). D. (D.) lorettae Geiger, 1985 and D. (D.) mattheyi Geiger, 1985 are redescribed. All important characters of the male terminalia and the wing pattern are illustrated. Distribution of the species is checked and some new country records are presented.
Revision of the stiletto fly genus Neodialineura Mann (Diptera: Therevidae): an empirical example of cybertaxonomy
Authors: WINTERTON SHAUN L.
Published: July 2019

The endemic Australian genus Neodialineura Mann is revised to include 13 species. Three species are previously described: N. nitens (White) and N. saxatilis (White) from southern mainland Australia and Tasmania, and N. striatithorax Mann from eastern Australia. Ten species are described as new, including N. ataxia sp. nov., N. atmis sp. nov., N. bagdad sp. nov, N. bifaria sp. nov., N. litura sp. nov., N. polygramma sp. nov., N. signum sp. nov., N. spinosa sp. nov., N. tessella sp. nov. and N. trichidion sp. nov. This revision serves as an empirical example for modernising the process of documenting global biodiversity by making taxonomic description and key development more efficient by avoiding redundancy in data handling and using digital media. Complete taxonomic descriptions were generated using online specimen and image databases, and a character matrix in Structured Descriptive Data (SDD) format developed in Lucid Builder to simultaneously generate natural language descriptions and an interactive key. Numerous web resources are provided with taxonomic descriptions throughout the document including: a) links to archived images of all species on Morphbank, b) registration of authors, publications, taxon names and other nomenclatural acts in Zoobank, with assignment of Life Science Identifiers (LSIDs) for each, c) links to Genbank accession records for DNA sequences, and d) assignment of LSIDs to specimen records with links to respective records in an online Therevidae specimen database. Colour images of male and female specimens of all Neodialineura species are included, along with a traditional dichotomous key to species.
Review of the genus Drylichus Heller (Insecta: Coleoptera: Dryopidae)
Authors: KODADA JÁN , JÄCH MANFRED A. , FEDOR JR. ČIAMPOR
Published: July 2019

The genus Drylichus Heller, which has not been treated since the original description in 1916, is reviewed taxonomically. The type species, Drylichus hylesinoides Heller (New Caledonia), is redescribed. Two new species, D. fidelitas sp. nov. (Lifou Island) and D. monteithi sp. nov. (New Caledonia), are described. Drylichus is hypothesized to be closely related with Parnida Broun (New Zealand), with which it shares the following characters: (1) shape of mouthparts and gular region, (2) distribution and morphology of sensilla on mouthparts, (3) configuration of antennomeres, (4) correspondence of several types of antennal sensilla, (5) shape of ventral sclerites of thorax and abdomen.
Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on freshwater Gastrotricha
Authors: BALSAMO MARIA , D’HONDT JEAN-LOUP , PIERBONI LARA , GRILLI PAOLO
Published: July 2019

Some taxonomic and nomenclatural remarks concerning freshwater species of Gastrotricha Chaetonotida are presented. In the family Chaetonotidae, the subgenus Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) is synonimized with the subgenus C. (Chaetonotus sensu stricto). The genus Lepidochaetus is moved to a subgeneric rank into the genus Chaetonotus, and the subgenus Nudichaetonotus Schwank, 1990 is synonymized with C. (Lepidochaetus). Chaetonotus (Lepidochaetus) brasilianus is proposed as a replacement name for Chaetonotus brasilense Kisielewski, 1991, which has become a secondary junior homonym of Chaetonotus brasiliensis Schwank, 1990. Emended diagnoses of the genus Chaetonotus and of the subgenera C. (Chaetonotus sensu stricto), and Chaetonotus (Lepidochaetus) are given. The 3 subgenera of the genus Ichthydium introduced by Schwank (1990) have not been introduced in the present list. In the family Dasydytidae, the subgenus Dasydytes (Setodytes) is synonymized with the genus Setopus. Six new species by Schwank (1990) (Aspidiophorus ontarionensis, Chaetonotus (C.) furculatus, Chaetonotus (Zonochaeta) annae, Ichthydium malleum, Lepidodermella forficulata and Dasydytes (Setodytes) lemnicola) are nomina nuda. An updated list of the reliable world freshwater species of Gastrotricha is reported.
Review of the mite genus Gaeolaelaps Evans & Till (Acari: Laelapidae), and description of a new species from North America, G. gillespiei n. sp.
Authors: BEAULIEU FRÉDÉRIC
Published: July 2019

The concept of the genus Gaeolaelaps of the mite family Laelapidae is reviewed, based on species descriptions in the literature and the examination of specimens of selected described and undescribed species. A short diagnosis and a description of the genus is presented, showing the range of morphological character states and indicating species that depart from the typical character states. Gaeolaelaps is restored from subgeneric to generic rank. A new species, G. gillespiei n. sp., is described from adult female and male specimens. This species shows promise in the control of fungus gnats and thrips on greenhouse cucumbers in British Columbia, Canada. It is a relative of the well known biocontrol agent Gaeolaelaps (or Hypoaspis) aculeifer, but presents a set of morphological traits that distinguish it from G. aculeifer and other related species. The diversity of soil-dwelling mesostigmatic mites remains poorly explored, and so is their potential for biological control.
Description of a new species of Anisitsiellidae Koenike, 1910 (Acari, Hydrachnidia), the first record of the family from China
Authors: YI TIANCI , JIN DAOCHAO , GUO JIANJUN
Published: July 2019

Considering the geographical location of China, a very rich fauna of water mites should be expected. Previously, seventeen families have been reported from China (Jin, 1997; Smit, 2002; Guo & Jin, 2005): Eylaidae Leach, 1815, Limnocharidae Grube, 1859, Hydryphantidae Piersig, 1896, Hydrodromidae Viets, 1936, Hydrachnidae Leach, 1815, Sperchontidae Thor, 1900, Lebertiidae Thor, 1900, Oxidae Viets, 1926, Teutoniidae Koenike, 1910, Limnesiidae Thor, 1900, Hygrobatidae Koch, 1842, Unionicolidae Oudemans, 1909, Pionidae Thor, 1900, Mideopsidae Koenike, 1910, Arrenuridae Thor, 1900 and Pontarachnidae Koenike, 1910. The species described in this paper belongs to the subgenus Dartia Soar, 1917 in the genus Nilotonia Thor, 1905 of the family Anisitsiellidae Koenike, 1910, which increases the number of known water mite families in the Chinese fauna to eighteen.
Thaumatoniscellus speluncae n. sp. (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Trichoniscidae), a new troglobitic oniscid species from Croatia
Authors: KARAMAN IVO M. , BEDEK JANA , HORVATOVIĆ MLADEN
Published: July 2019

Thaumatoniscellus speluncae n. sp. is described from a pit on Mt Učka in Istria, Croatia. This is the second species of the genus Thaumatoniscellus Tabacaru, 1973 of the monotypic subfamily Thaumatoniscellinae. The type species, Thaumatoniscellus orghidani Tabacaru, 1973, is only known from a single locality in southwestern Romania. A revised diagnosis of the genus is given and the geographic distribution of the two species discussed.
The first Myrmecotypus O. P.-Cambridge (Araneae: Corinnidae) from Argentina: description of Myrmecotypus iguazu new species
Authors: RUBIO GONZALO D. , ARBINO MANUEL O.
Published: July 2019

The Castianeirinae genus Myrmecotypus was described by O. Pickard-Cambridge (1894) and currently includes eight species. All of them, except the atypical M. lineatus (Emerton 1909) (only record from USA), occur in the Neotropical region (known from Mexico to Panamá), Panamá being the southern most representative distribution of genus. Reiskind (1969) carried out the revision of the subfamily Castianeirinae Reiskind 1969 from North and Central America, concluding that much more study of more extensive collections will be needed to clarify the origin and distribution of South American species of this subfamily.
Description of the first cryptobranch onchidoridid Onchimira cavifera gen. et sp. nov., and of three new species of the genera Adalaria Bergh, 1879 and Onchidoris Blainville, 1816 (Nudibranchia: Onchidorididae) from Kamchatka waters
Authors: MARTYNOV ALEXANDER , KORSHUNOVA TATIANA , SANAMYAN NADEZHDA , SANAMYAN KAREN
Published: July 2019

The opisthobranch fauna of the SE Kamchatka peninsula (NW Pacific, Russia) has been intensively investigated for the first time resulting in 21 species found, and six new records for Kamchatka. A unique onchidoridid species with a well defined, closeable gill pocket into which gills can be fully retracted, and which does not fit with any existing genus is described as Onchimira cavifera gen. et sp. nov. in anatomical detail. Onchimira cavifera is remarkable in that it combines characteristic features of cryptobranch dorids with those of phanerobranch onchidoridids. Its role as a missing link and new evidence for evolutionary reduction of the gill cavity within phanerobranch dorid lineages is discussed. In addition, two new species of the genus Adalaria, A. slavi sp. nov. and A. olgae sp. nov., are described based on numerous newly collected specimens showing little intraspecific variations, but clear differences to all previously described Adalaria species. A review of the presently known Adalaria species including SEM data of the radula and labial cuticle is presented in order to highlight differences among the newly discovered taxa. A new species of the nudibranch genus Onchidoris, O. macropompa sp. nov., is described. A comparative table of all presently known Onchidoris species is presented.
Description of a new genus of spider beetle (Coleoptera: Ptinidae) from South Africa
Authors: AKOTSEN-MENSAH CLEMENT , PHILIPS T. KEITH
Published: July 2019

Pocapharaptinus gen. nov. and eight new species, P. müllerae sp. nov., P. harrisoni sp. nov., P. akotsenorum sp. nov., P. capensis sp. nov., P. soutpanensis sp. nov., P. lachnos sp. nov., P. aboakyer sp. nov., and P. acanthus sp. nov. are described from South Africa. The genus is distinguished by the pronotal surface being densely covered with flocculent, wooly, tan colored setae obscuring the cuticular surface except anteriomedially, where the bare cuticle is variably triangular in shape. All species are illustrated, described, diagnosed and an identification key provided. The biogeography and relationships of this genus to other Ptinidae are also discussed.
Erratum: New Brunswick Endomychidae (Coleoptera)
Authors: MAJKA CHRISTOPHER G.
Published: July 2019

Majka (2007) newly recorded the endomychid beetle, Rhanidea unicolor (Ziegler, 1845), for the province of New Brunswick, Canada on the basis of a specimen collected in Charters Settlement, York County on 15 June 2002 by R.P. Webster.
Survey of the endohelminth parasites of freshwater fishes in the upper Mezquital River Basin, Durango State, Mexico
Authors: DE LEÓN G. PÉREZ-PONCE , ROSAS-VALDEZ R. , MENDOZA-GARFIAS B. , AGUILAR-AGUILAR R. , FALCÓN-ORDAZ J. , GARRIDO-OLVERA L. , PÉREZ-RODRÍGUEZ R.
Published: July 2019

As a part of an ongoing inventory of the helminth parasites of freshwater fishes in Mexico, 676 specimens were collected between November 2007 and December 2008 in 23 localities along the upper Mezquital River Basin in Durango State, northern Mexico. Sixteen species of hosts, mostly corresponding to Nearctic freshwater elements, were studied. A total of 1,230 individual worms were collected during this survey, representing 25 species of endohelminths of which 9 were digeneans, 3 were cestodes, 4 were acanthocephalans, and 9 were nematodes. The checklist contains 24 new hosts and 42 new locality records. The information provided in this checklist may be helpful for our understanding of the biodiversity and historical biogeography of this host-parasite system, since the Mezquital River Basin mostly contains a Nearctic freshwater fish fauna, with a few Neotropical and endemic elements and may represent a transitional area from a biogeographical point of view.
A new marine clupeoid fish from the Lower Cretaceous of the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, northeastern Brazil
Authors: DE FIGUEIREDO FRANCISCO J.
Published: July 2019

Clupeomorph fishes are largely diversified and widespread in Cretaceous strata of northeastern Brazil. They are represented by basal clupeiforms, †ellimmichthyiforms, and advanced clupeoids. In this paper, a new clupeoid fish, †Nolfia riachuelensis sp. nov., is described based on a specimen found in marine shale yielded in the Taquari Member (Albian) of Riachuelo Formation, Sergipe-Alagoas Basin. Although partially preserved (most of skull is lacking), the fish shows many informative characters, particularly in the axial skeleton. The fish is morphologically very similar to †Nolfia kwangoensis, a clupeoid fish originally described from marine deposit from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian) of Kipala, Democratic Republic of Congo, with which it shares: 18 caudal vertebrae; long and cylindrical pleural ribs; posteriormost pleural ribs supported by long parapophyses and gradually decreasing in size posteriorly; very reduced ural centra; presence of long and distally congruent neural spines of third, second, and first preural centra; three uroneural bones (the first probably forming the pleurostyle). Otherwise, †Nolfia riachuelensis sp. nov. differs from other clupeomorphs by a unique combination of features. The number of supraneural bones, aligned rod-like postcleithra, less than 30 rays in the anal fin, and derived absence of dorsal scutes indicate its placement within Clupeidae. As far as is known, †Nolfia riachuelensis sp. nov. is the most ancient clupeoid fish known from the fossil record.
Devario xyrops, a new species of danionine fish from south-western Myanmar (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)
Authors: FANG FANG , KULLANDER SVEN O.
Published: July 2019

Devario xyrops is described from small rivers on the western slope of the Rakhine Yoma in south-western Myanmar. It is distinguished from all other species in the genus except D. anomalus by its colour pattern including a dark blotch or condensed series of vertical bars anteriorly on the side, separate from a posterior dark horizontal band; and distinguished from D. anomalus in particular by deeper body (29.9–35.8% SL, vs. 25.0–26.8 % SL) and fewer lateral line scales (31–33, modally 32 vs. 33–35, modally 34).
Review of the genus Hongkongia (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) from China
Authors: ZHANG FENG , ZHU MING-SHENG , TSO I-MIN
Published: July 2019

The spider genus Hongkongia Song et Zhu, 1998, belonging to the Echemus group, is reviewed. A new species, Hongkongia songi sp. nov., is described, and the type species, Hongkongia wuae Song et Zhu, 1998 is redescribed.
A revision of the Thyropygus allevatus group. Part 2: the T. bifurcus subgroup (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Harpagophoridae)
Authors: PIMVICHAI PIYATIDA , ENGHOFF HENRIK , PANHA SOMSAK
Published: July 2019

The Thyropygus bifurcus subgroup of the T. allevatus group is revised. Four new species are described from Thailand: T. demangei n. sp., T. quadricuspis n. sp., T. richardhoffmani n. sp., from Trang province and T. casjeekeli n. sp., from Krabi province. The other species of the T. bifurcus subgroup, viz., T. bifurcus (Demange, 1986), and T. enghoffi (Demange, 1989), are redescribed.
Grania (Annelida: Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, including four new species and a re-description of Grania trichaeta Jamieson, 1977
Authors: DE WIT PIERRE , ROTA EMILIA , ERSÉUS CHRISTER
Published: July 2019

This study describes the fauna of the marine enchytraeid genus Grania at two locations on the Australian Great Barrier Reef: Lizard and Heron Islands. Collections were made from 1979 to 2006, yielding four new species: Grania breviductus sp. n., Grania regina sp. n., Grania homochaeta sp. n. and Grania colorata sp. n.. A re-description of Grania trichaeta Jamieson, 1977 based on new material is also included, along with notes and amendments on G. hyperoadenia Coates, 1990 and G. integra Coates & Stacey, 1997, the two latter being recorded for the first time from eastern Australia. COI barcode sequences were obtained from G. trichaeta and G. colorata and deposited with information on voucher specimens in the Barcode of Life database and GenBank; the mean intraspecific variation is 1.66 % in both species, while the mean interspecific divergence is 25.54 %. There seem to be two phylogeographic elements represented in the Great Barrier Grania fauna; one tropical with phylogenetic affinities to species found in New Caledonia and Hong Kong, and one southern (manifested at the more southerly located Heron Island) with affinities to species found in Southern Australia, Tasmania and Antarctica.
The genera Agelosus Sharp, 1889 and Apecholinus Bernhauer, 1933 in Taiwan (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylinini: Staphylinina)
Authors: SMETANA ALEŠ , HU FANG-SHUO
Published: July 2019

The genera Agelosus Sharp, 1889 and Apecholinus Bernhauer, 1933 from Taiwan are treated. Agelosus auricomus sp. nov., the only representative of the genus in Taiwan, is described as new. Two species, Apecholinus imitator sp. nov. and Apecholinus canifer sp. nov., are described as new and the presence of Apecholinus fraternus (Fairmaire, 1891) in Taiwan is confirmed by additional records. A key to genera and species is presented.
Enhanced Radiation of Near-Inertial Energy by Frontal Vertical Circulations
Authors: Thomas Leif N.
Published: July 2019

Near-inertial waves (NIWs) radiate energy out of the mixed layer when they develop small lateral scales. Refraction of these waves by gradients in planetary and vertical vorticity has traditionally been invoked to explain this phenomenon. Here, a new mechanism for the enhancement of NIW radiation is described involving the interaction of NIWs with vertical circulations at fronts undergoing frontogenesis. Frontal vertical circulations drive a Doppler shift that is proportional to the wave’s vertical wavenumber m and that changes sign across a front, inducing large lateral differences in wave phase within a few inertial periods. Theory predicts that the process should generate a vertical energy flux that varies inversely with m in contrast to the m−3 dependence expected from refraction. As a consequence, high-mode NIWs are much more effective at radiating energy when fronts and their vertical circulation are present. Numerical simulations initialized with fronts, an array of eddies that drive frontogenesis, and NIWs of various modes are used to test the theory. In the simulations, the interaction of the NIWs with the frontal vertical circulations generates wave beams that radiate down from the fronts. The resultant downward energy flux varies with m following the theoretical scaling laws. In the beams, the Eulerian frequency is inertial within a few percent, yet the waves’ potential and kinetic energies are comparable, thus indicating a superinertial intrinsic frequency. The downshift in Eulerian frequency from the intrinsic frequency is due to horizontal advection of the waves by the eddies.
The Emergence of the North Icelandic Jet and Its Evolution from Northeast Iceland to Denmark Strait
Authors: Semper Stefanie , Våge Kjetil , Pickart Robert S. , Valdimarsson Héðinn , Torres Daniel J. , Jónsson Steingrímur
Published: July 2019

The North Icelandic Jet (NIJ) is an important source of dense water to the overflow plume passing through Denmark Strait. The properties, structure, and transport of the NIJ are investigated for the first time along its entire pathway following the continental slope north of Iceland, using 13 hydrographic/velocity surveys of high spatial resolution conducted between 2004 and 2018. The comprehensive dataset reveals that the current originates northeast of Iceland and increases in volume transport by roughly 0.4 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) per 100 km until 300 km upstream of Denmark Strait, at which point the highest transport is reached. The bulk of the NIJ transport is confined to a small area in Θ–S space centered near −0.29° ± 0.16°C in Conservative Temperature and 35.075 ± 0.006 g kg−1 in Absolute Salinity. While the hydrographic properties of this transport mode are not significantly modified along the NIJ’s pathway, the transport estimates vary considerably between and within the surveys. Neither a clear seasonal signal nor a consistent link to atmospheric forcing was found, but barotropic and/or baroclinic instability is likely active in the current. The NIJ displays a double-core structure in roughly 50% of the occupations, with the two cores centered at the 600- and 800-m isobaths, respectively. The transport of overflow water 300 km upstream of Denmark Strait exceeds 1.8 ± 0.3 Sv, which is substantially larger than estimates from a year-long mooring array and hydrographic/velocity surveys closer to the strait, where the NIJ merges with the separated East Greenland Current. This implies a more substantial contribution of the NIJ to the Denmark Strait overflow plume than previously envisaged.
Keeping Humans in the Loop: Pooling Knowledge through Artificial Swarm Intelligence to Improve Business Decision Making
Authors: Metcalf Lynn , Askay David A. , Rosenberg Louis B.
Published: July 2019

This article explores how a collaboration technology called Artificial Swarm Intelligence (ASI) addresses the limitations associated with group decision making, amplifies the intelligence of human groups, and facilitates better business decisions. It demonstrates of how ASI has been used by businesses to harness the diverse perspectives that individual participants bring to groups and to facilitate convergence upon decisions. It advances the understanding of how artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to enhance, rather than replace, teams as they collaborate to make business decisions.
The Productivity Advantage of Serial Entrepreneurs
Authors: Shaw Kathryn , Sørensen Anders
Published: July 2019

Using panel data from Denmark from 2001 to 2013, the authors find that serial entrepreneurs—those who open more than one business—have higher sales and greater productivity than do novice entrepreneurs—those who open only one business. Specifically, serial entrepreneurs’ firms have 98% higher sales than the novices’ firms, and serial entrepreneurs utilize more initial capital and labor, and thus are 49% more productive. Further, certain subsets of serial entrepreneurs perform especially well; those who hold a portfolio of overlapping firms or who open as limited liability corporations (LLCs) are top performers. The authors’ findings suggest that 41% of LLC entrepreneurs are serial entrepreneurs, thus deepening the need to understand these types of entrepreneurs. Finally, female entrepreneurs are shown to realize sizable gains from serial entrepreneurship: The firms of both female and male serial entrepreneurs are twice as large as the firms of novice entrepreneurs of their respective gender.
Concept of Culture Relativism and Women’s Rights in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Msuya Norah Hashim
Published: July 2019

This article discusses the challenges of the realization of women’s rights in relation to the concept of culture relativism in sub-Saharan Africa. It examines how the concept of culture is misconstrued with a traditional hierarchy and patriarchy approach that intervenes in the realization of women’s rights in sub-Saharan African states. Many societies are concerned that the promotion of gender equality would interfere with local culture; hence they feel that gender equality should not be promoted for ethical reasons. Women have been left with the unpleasant situation of choosing between their rights or their culture. Through secondary analysis and a critical review of the literature, the article engages in the debate on cultural diversity and gender equality, to challenge the existing stereotypes in sub-Saharan African cultures. It argues that traditional and cultural practices should adhere to the values of equality and human rights. The article proposes that cultural considerations will have to yield whenever a clear conflict with human rights norms becomes apparent.
United Nations Peacekeeping Locally: Enabling Conflict Resolution, Reducing Communal Violence
Authors: Smidt Hannah M.
Published: July 2019

United Nations peacekeeping operations (UN PKOs) increasingly engage with local communities to support peace processes in war-torn countries. Yet, while existing research tends to focus on the coercive and state-building functions of UN PKOs, their concrete local activities with community leaders and populations remain, empirically and theoretically, understudied. Thus, this study investigates how peacekeepers’ community-based intergroup dialogue activities influence communal violence. It argues that facilitating dialogue between different communal identity-based groups locally can revive intergroup coordination and diminish negative biases against other groups, thereby reducing the risk of communal conflict escalation. This argument is tested using a novel data set of intergroup dialogue activities organized by the UN PKO in Côte d’Ivoire across 107 departments from October 2011 to May 2016. Bivariate probit and matching address the nonrandom assignment of these interventions. The analyses provide robust evidence that the UN PKO mitigated communal violence by organizing intergroup dialogues.
Auditory, Visual, and Cross-Modal Temporal Processing Skills Among Chinese Children With Developmental Dyslexia
Authors: Liu Sisi , Wang Li-Chih , Liu Duo
Published: July 2019

The present study examined whether temporal processing (TP) is associated with reading of a non-alphabetic script, that is, Chinese. A total of 126 primary school–aged Chinese children from Taiwan (63 children with dyslexia) completed cross-modal, visual, and auditory temporal order judgment tasks and measures of Chinese reading and literacy-related skills. The results showed that typically developing children and children with dyslexia differed in all TP skills. Structural equation modeling indicated that cross-modal TP contributed independently to character recognition in the entire sample if the significant effects of phonological awareness, orthographic knowledge, and rapid automatized naming were considered. The multi-sample analysis showed that TP did not predict reading in the typical group after controlling for literacy-related skills, but visual and cross-modal TP skills independently contributed to reading in the group with dyslexia in addition to literacy-related skills. Finally, the path analysis indicated that in the typical group, separate TP skills affected reading through literacy-related skills, but visual and cross-modal TP skills had direct effects on character reading in the group with dyslexia. These findings suggest that TP is more important for reading in children with dyslexia than in typically developing children, and the roles of TP in dyslexia require further examination.
Exploring the Formation of Exercise Habits with the Latent Growth Model
Authors: Lee Yoongu , Yoon Yong-Jin
Published: July 2019

This study investigated the antecedent factors affecting exercise preparation and performance habits and provides basic data for the development of health promotion interventions, based on what was found to be most effective in improving intention and habit. The participants were 114 university students who were willing to participate regularly in exercise and physical activities and interested in forming exercise habits. After coding, we analyzed the complete data set through frequency analysis, reliability, and latent growth model analysis. The provision of early rewards positively affected an initial exercise preparation habit. Both initial consistency and development of consistency also positively affected the development of exercise preparation, and initial behavioral complexity positively affected initial exercise preparation. However, no factors influenced an exercise performance habit. Thus, forming an exercise preparation habit requires fun, personal control, and repetitive behavior while forming an exercise performance habit is particularly challenging. These results may help construct a program for continuous exercise participation.
British foreign policy after Brexit: losing Europe and finding a role
Authors: Oppermann Kai , Beasley Ryan , Kaarbo Juliet
Published: July 2019

British foreign policy stands at a turning point following the 2016 ‘Brexit’ referendum. Drawing on role theory, we trace the United Kingdom’s efforts to establish new foreign policy roles as it interacts with the concerned international actors. We find that the pro-Brexit desire to ‘take back control’ has not yet translated into a cogent foreign policy direction. In its efforts to avoid adopting the role of isolate, the United Kingdom has projected a disoriented foreign policy containing elements of partially incompatible roles such as great power, global trading state, leader of the Commonwealth, regional partner to the European Union (EU) and faithful ally to the United States. The international community has, through processes of socialisation and alter-casting, largely rejected these efforts. These role conflicts between the United Kingdom and international actors, as well as conflicts among its different role aspirations, have pressed UK policies towards its unwanted isolationist role, potentially shaping its long-term foreign policy orientation post-Brexit.
Confessions and Tweets: Social Media and Everyday Experience in the Israel Defense Forces
Authors: Stern Nehemia , Shalom Uzi Ben
Published: July 2019

This article explores the social media postings of Israel Defense Forces (IDF) soldiers on two different and unofficial Facebook groups. While scholars of armed forces and society have noted the growing importance that militaries have placed on digital media, there is little data regarding the unofficial uses and meanings that regular soldiers themselves make of social networking sites. With an anthropological focus on everyday experiences, we argue that the social media activity of IDF personnel highlights the quotidian aspects of military life in ways that reverberate beyond the strictly ideological or political facets of their service. Here, soldiers can express their frustrations with military bureaucracy, while also presenting a lighthearted (and positive) commentary on a shared rite of passage. This research opens a window into the lives and dilemmas of the first generation of Israeli soldiers to employ new media as a taken for granted aspect of their service.
Exploring participation and impairment-based outcomes for Target Word™: A parent-implemented intervention for preschoolers identified as late-to-talk
Authors: Cunningham Barbara Jane , Kwok Elaine , Earle Cindy , Oram Cardy Janis
Published: July 2019

This study explored participation- and impairment-based outcomes for 24 late-to-talk toddlers ( M age = 20.46 months, SD = 3.09, 62.5% male) whose parents participated in Target Word™, The Hanen Program® for Parents of Children who are Late Talkers in community clinics across Ontario. Parents completed the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories (MBCDI), The Focus on the Outcomes of Communication Under Six (FOCUS-34), and a speech sound checklist: (1) prior to starting the program, (2) at the end of direct intervention, and (3) after a consolidation period. Speech-language pathologists classified children’s communicative function using the Communication Function Classification System (CFCS) at all assessment points and provided FOCUS scores from an initial assessment. No change was recorded in CFCS levels between initial assessment and start of the program, but many children moved to a more advanced level by the end of the program ( n = 12) or consolidation period ( n = 19). Significant changes in children’s communicative participation skills (FOCUS) were found between initial assessment and the start of the program, and during the 12-week direct intervention (75% made clinically meaningful change). Significant growth in expressive vocabulary and consonant inventory occurred during direct intervention. Correlations between change on impairment- and participation-based measures were not significant. The Target Word program appears to improve communicative function for late-to-talk preschoolers. Children also made gains in communicative participation skills, expressive vocabulary, and consonant inventory during the program, but further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of Target Word in these areas.
Electroacupuncture reduces astrocyte number and oxidative stress in aged rats with surgery-induced cognitive dysfunction
Authors: Liu Pei-Rong , Cao Feng , Zhang Yu , Peng Sheng
Published: July 2019

Objectives

To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture in regulating astrocytes and oxidative stress in a rat model of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD).

Methods

Male aged Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to undergo left hepatic lobe resection to induce POCD, followed by either electroacupuncture or no treatment; or similar surgery without left lobe resection or electroacupuncture (sham). Postsurgical cognitive function, hippocampal astrocyte number and oxidative stress indicators were measured.

Results

At days 1, 3 and 7 following surgery, escape latency was significantly shorter and platform crossing frequency was increased with electroacupuncture versus other groups. At postoperative day 1, the electroacupuncture group showed significantly fewer glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive hippocampal astrocytes versus the POCD model group. In POCD rats, electroacupuncture significantly decreased serum S100 calcium binding protein B and neuron-specific enolase levels, and increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor levels, at days 1, 3 and 7. Electroacupuncture significantly attenuated the hippocampal POCD-induced increase in malondialdehyde and decreased superoxide dismutase levels at day 1 following surgery.

Conclusion

Electroacupuncture may improve cognitive function in rats with POCD by reducing hippocampal GFAP-positive astrocyte number and suppressing oxidative stress.