bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Delignification efficiency of various types of biomass using microwave-assisted hydrotropic pretreatment
Authors: Mikulski Dawid , Kłosowski Grzegorz
Published: March 2022

The use of a method of an effective delignification of lignocellulosic biomass is a key stage of designing processes of its microbiological conversion e.g. for the purposes of the production of cellulosic ethanol. The study was aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of microwave-assisted hydrotropic pretreatment using sodium cumene sulfonate (NaCS) for the delignification of pine and beech chips and wheat straw. Research results presenting the impact of process parameters of microwave-assisted hydrotropic delignification confirm a high effectiveness of this method of pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. The observed effects included changes in the composition of the biomass and an increased susceptibility of cellulose to the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis. The use of microwave heating combined with an addition of hydrotrope of 40% w/v NaCS and 117 PSI for 60 min enabled a reduction of the absolute concentration of lignins by 36.58% in pine chips, by 57.68% in beech chips, and by 74.08% in wheat straw. After enzymatic hydrolysis was conducted, the highest concentration of glucose: 463.27 ± 11.25 mg glucose/g (hydrolysis yield 46.76 ± 1.14%) was obtained from the wheat straw, while 327.70 ± 22.15 mg glucose/g (hydrolysis yield 35.13 ± 2.37%) was acquired from the beech chips, and only 50.77 ± 0.75 mg glucose/g (hydrolysis yield 6.63 ± 0.10%) was obtained from the pine chips. Microwave-assisted hydrotropic delignification in the optimum process conditions additionally allows a complete removal of hemicellulose from biomass, which improves the effectiveness of enzymatic hydrolysis. Due to a significant reduction of lignin and hemicellulose concentration in biomass, cellulose—which is susceptible to enzymatic hydrolysis and a source of carbon in biosynthesis processes—becomes the main biomass component.
The beneficial effects of intradialytic parenteral nutrition in hemodialysis patients with protein energy wasting: a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kittiskulnam Piyawan , Banjongjit Athiphat , Metta Kamonchanok , Tiranathanagul Khajohn , Avihingsanon Yingyos , Praditpornsilpa Kearkiat , Tungsanga Kriang , Eiam-Ong Somchai
Published: March 2022

In hemodialysis (HD) patients, protein-energy wasting (PEW) is highly prevalent and firstly treated with oral nutritional supplements (ONS). The extent to which intradialytic parenteral nutrition (IDPN) contributes to improve PEW status in HD patients intolerable to ONS remains unclear. Maintenance PEW HD patients being unable to tolerate ONS adverse effects, and having spontaneous energy and protein intake of ≥ 20 kcal/kg/day and ≥ 0.8 g/kg/day, respectively were randomly assigned 1:1 into IDPN and control groups. In IDPN group, most concentrated 3-in-1, fish-oil based parenteral nutrition was infused during HD for 3 months. The control group received intensive dietary counselling once weekly for 3 months. Both groups were then followed for additional 3 months after intervention. A total of 38 patients were randomized (mean age 67.6 years). After 3 months, serum albumin was significantly higher in the IDPN (n = 18) compared with control group (from 3.5 ± 0.3 to 3.8 ± 0.2 vs from 3.6 ± 0.3 to 3.5 ± 0.3 g/dL, respectively, p = 0.01). Spontaneous dietary intake (p = 0.04), body weight (p = 0.01), and malnutrition inflammation score (MIS, p = 0.01) were improved in the IDPN, but not in the control group. Muscle mass, strength, serum prealbumin, interleukin-6, high sensitivity-c reactive protein, and acylated ghrelin were not significantly different but leptin levels increased in the control group after 3 months (p = 0.03). At 6 months, serum albumin in the IDPN group was persistently higher than baseline (p = 0.04). Neither volume overload nor uncontrolled hyperglycemia was found throughout the study. In conclusion, a 3-month IDPN supplementation demonstrated a significant increase in serum albumin, body weight, spontaneous oral intake, and MIS; and appeared to be superior to continuing intensive dietary counselling among HD patients intolerable to ONS. The impacts of IDPN therapy on clinical outcomes may require larger scale with longer period of study.
Study of the most relevant spin–orbit coupling descriptions of magnetic excitations in a series of lanthanide complexes
Authors: Rao Shashank Vittal , Piccardo Matteo , Soncini Alessandro
Published: March 2022

This study on spin-orbit coupling descriptions of magnetic excitations in lanthanide complexes compares the accuracy in crystal field energies and magnetic anisotropies calculated using different approximations to the Breit-Pauli spin-orbit Hamiltonian.
N-3 PUFAs and their specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators on airway inflammatory response: beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases
Authors: Zúñiga-Hernández Jessica , Sambra Verónica , Echeverría Francisca , Videla Luis A. , Valenzuela Rodrigo
Published: March 2022

Respiratory diseases include a wide range of pathologies with different clinical manifestations, affecting the normal airways and lung function.
Immunomodulatory effects of mixed Lactobacillus plantarum on lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal injury in mice
Authors: Dong Jiahuan , Ping Lijun , Zhang Kangyong , Tang Hongwei , Liu Jie , Liu Deyu , Zhao Li , Evivie Smith Etareri , Li Bailiang , Huo Guicheng
Published: March 2022

The intestine is the largest digestive and immune organ in the human body, with an intact intestinal mucosal barrier.
Impact of drug aggregation on the structural and dynamic properties of Triton X-100 micelles
Authors: Ishkhanyan Hrachya , Rhys Natasha H. , Barlow David J. , Lawrence M. Jayne , Lorenz Christian D.
Published: March 2022

We provide molecular scale detail of how the aggregation of drug molecules within a surfactant micelle can destabilise the micelle.
AC-assisted deposition of aggregate free silica films with vertical pore structure
Authors: Moehl Gilles E. , Nasir Tauqir , Han Yisong , Noori Yasir J. , Huang Ruomeng , Beanland Richard , Bartlett Philip N. , Hector Andrew L.
Published: March 2022

Electrochemically-assisted deposition of vertically aligned mesoporous silica films with an oscillating potential enables larger thicknesses than under constant potential and avoids co-deposition of silica aggregates.
Regioselectively switchable alkyne cyclotrimerization catalyzed by a Ni(ii)/bidentate P-ligand/Zn system with ZnI2 as an additive
Authors: Fan Jiang-Tao , Fan Xin-Heng , Gao Cai-Yan , Wei Jinchao , Yang Lian-Ming
Published: March 2022

A nickel-catalyzed regioselective cyclotrimerization of alkynes provides straightforward access to 1,2,4- or 1,3,5-trisubstituted benzenes. This protocol features the advantages of broad substrate scope and easily controllable regioselectivity.
A fast response cataluminescence ether gas sensor based on GO/Mo2TiC2Tx at low working temperature
Authors: Pan Fakang , Sun Bai , Tang Zhuo , Zhu Shuguang
Published: March 2022

A cataluminescence (CTL) ether gas sensor based on a GO/Mo2TiC2Tx composite was developed. The sensor has high selectivity and sensitivity.
Fabrication of a thin PDMS film with complex liquid metal electrodes embedded and its application as skin sensors
Authors: Ye Zi , Li Qian , Zhang Renchang , Zhang Pan , Gui Lin
Published: March 2022

Ultra-thin PDMS films with complex liquid metal patterns embedded. The thickness is as thin as 119 μm.
Electrostatic vs. inductive effects in phosphine ligand donor properties and reactivity
Authors: Kelty Margaret L. , McNeece Andrew J. , Kurutz Josh W. , Filatov Alexander S. , Anderson John S.
Published: March 2022

A detailed analysis of donor properties in solution reveals a major, even dominant, electrostatic effect from charged substituents.
Temperature triggered alternating copolymerization of epoxides and lactones via pre-sequenced spiroorthoester intermediates
Authors: Jung Hyuk-Joon , Goonesinghe Chatura , Mehrkhodavandi Parisa
Published: March 2022

We report the alternating copolymerization of caprolactone and epoxide through the in situ formation of pre-sequenced spiroorthoester monomer.
Predicting biomolecule adsorption on MoS2 nanosheets with high structural fidelity
Authors: Pham Le Nhan , Walsh Tiffany R.
Published: March 2022

Benchmarked van der Waals density functional theory calculations are used to create a force-field to describe biomolecule interactions at the aqueous MoS2 interface, which can recover interfacial biomolecule adsorption with high structural fidelity.
Ultrasensitive and label-free detection of prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers of sepsis on a AgNP-laden black phosphorous-based SERS platform
Authors: Kundu Anirban , Rani Renu , Ahmad Anas , Kumar Ajay , Raturi Mamta , Gupta Tanya , Khan Rehan , Hazra Kiran Shankar
Published: March 2022

Rapid and early detection of sepsis biomarkers using AgNP@BP SERS substrate and identification of signature Raman modes of sepsis biomarkers (IL-3 and PCT).
Polyoxometalate-based CuII/CoII complexes tuned using various metal–pyrazole loops: design, diverse architectures and catalytic activity toward the oxidation of thioether derivatives
Authors: Zhang Jing-Yuan , Zhang Yu-Chen , Wang Xiu-Li , Chang Zhi-Han , Zhang Zhong , Lin Hong-Yan , Cui Zi-Wei
Published: March 2022

Three new polyoxometalate-based complexes with unique metal–pyrazole loops were synthesized, showing various architectures and finally resulting in different catalysis performance.
Diffusion measurements of hydrocarbons in H-MCM-41 extrudates with pulsed-field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Zhivonitko Vladimir V. , Vajglová Zuzana , Mäki-Arvela Päivi , Kumar Narendra , Peurla Markus , Telkki Ville-Veikko , Murzin Dmitry Yu.
Published: March 2022

Diffusivities of n-hexadecane were measured using pulsed-field gradient (PFG) NMR for extrudates and powder catalysts comprising H-MCM-41′ and silica Bindzil binder.
Correction: Additive-mediated intercalation and surface modification of MXenes
Authors: Zou Jing , Wu Jing , Wang Yizhou , Deng Fengxia , Jiang Jizhou , Zhang Yizhou , Liu Song , Li Neng , Zhang Han , Yu Jiaguo , Zhai Tianyou , Alshareef Husam N.
Published: March 2022

Correction for ‘Additive-mediated intercalation and surface modification of MXenes’ by Jing Zou et al., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2022, DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01487g.
A bioinspired redox-modulating copper(ii)–macrocyclic complex bearing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with anti-cancer stem cell activity
Authors: Johnson Alice , Iffland-Mühlhaus Linda , Northcote-Smith Joshua , Singh Kuldip , Ortu Fabrizio , Apfel Ulf-Peter , Suntharalingam Kogularamanan
Published: March 2022

Here we report a biologically stable copper(ii) complex based on the active site of Type I Cu electron transport proteins.
pH affects the aqueous-phase nitrate-mediated photooxidation of phenolic compounds: implications for brown carbon formation and evolution
Authors: Yang Junwei , Au Wing Chi , Law Haymann , Leung Chun Hei , Lam Chun Ho , Nah Theodora
Published: March 2022

This work highlights how the pH of the atmospheric aqueous phase can influence the reactivities of phenolic compounds and brown carbon formation/evolution during nitrate-mediated photooxidation.
Design rules for performing water-sensitive ring-opening polymerizations in an aqueous dispersion
Authors: Harrier Danielle D. , Guironnet Damien
Published: March 2022

The droplet viscosity, surface tension, and hydrophobicity is tuned to explore the parameters that enable successful ring-opening polymerization in an aqueous dispersion.
Design and synthesis of mechanochromic poly(ether-ester-urethane) elastomer with high toughness and resilience mediated by crystalline domains
Authors: Wang Wenwen , Li Manli , Zhou Pengcheng , Yan Zhong , Wang Dong
Published: March 2022

Poly(ether-ester-urethane) elastomers with spiropyran were designed and synthesized to perform mechanochromic behavior. Poly(ether-ester) precursor with crystalline PBT domains and PTMG soft segments endows it with high toughness and resilience.
Visible-light-promoted denitrogenative ortho-selenylation reaction of benzotriazinones: synthesis of ortho-selenylated benzamides and ebselen analogs
Authors: Liu Bo-Xi , Wang Fei , Chen Ying , Rao Wei-Dong , Shen Shu-Su , Wang Shun-Yi
Published: March 2022

A visible-light-promoted regioselective denitrogenative cross-coupling between benzotriazinones and selenosulfonates is reported. This protocol has been further applied to a one-pot two-step synthesis of a series of ebselen and its analogs.
Recycling of dielectric electroactive materials enabled through thermoplastic PDMS
Authors: Jeong Seonghyeon , Skov Anne Ladegaard , Daugaard Anders Egede
Published: March 2022

A new recycling method for silver-coated DEAs produced from thermoplastic elastomers. Recycled DEAs retain their dielectric and mechanical properties in five recycling loops in contrast to direct recycling that only permitted a single recycling loop.
Microfluidic fluorescent platform for rapid and visual detection of veterinary drugs
Authors: Li Ge , Li Hao , Zhai Jiang , Guo Jiazhuang , Li Qing , Wang Cai-Feng , Chen Su
Published: March 2022

A visual microfluidic fluorescent detection platform based on multicolor quantum dots with multiple capping ligands is developed for rapid and sensitive detection of veterinary drugs.
Quantitative and convenient real-time reaction monitoring using stopped-flow benchtop NMR
Authors: Maschmeyer Tristan , Yunker Lars P. E. , Hein Jason E.
Published: March 2022

We present a stopped-flow benchtop NMR system (composed of commercially available hardware components) that allows for quantitative reaction monitoring to be completed with relative ease, even with experimentally complex reaction systems.
Sustainable development of perovskite solar cells: keeping a balance between toxicity and efficiency
Authors: Ding Guoyu , Zheng Yifan , Xiao Xun , Cheng Huiyuan , Zhang Guodong , Shi Yifeng , Shao Yuchuan
Published: March 2022

For perovskite solar cells (PSCs), passing environmental regulations requires a balance between toxicity and efficiency. Herein, we review the main sources of toxicity and their impact on PSC efficiency, and outline potential development directions for sustainable PSCs.
A mild, versatile and time-saving interfacial gelation blackening strategy for fabricating high-quality 3D porous solar steam evaporators
Authors: Zhang Xiangyi , Deng Kaimin , Zhang Chunhua , Shang Bin , Liu Xin
Published: March 2022

Fabricating high-performance solar steam evaporators using 3D porous substances with natural advantages in light absorption, water transmission and thermal insulation has gradually become a research hotspot.
Radical-mediated C–N bond activation in 3,5-diamino-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole towards high-energy and insensitive energetic materials
Authors: Zeng Zhiwei , Liu Yuji , Huang Wei , Shreeve Jean'ne M. , Tang Yongxing
Published: March 2022

A facile and efficient radical-mediated C–N bond activation method in a monocyclic pyrazole at room temperature was developed.
Facile fabrication of biodegradable endothelium-mimicking coatings on bioabsorbable zinc-alloy stents by one-step electrophoretic deposition
Authors: Pan Kai , Zhang Wei , Shi Hui , Dai Miao , Yang Zhenyu , Chen Maohua , Wei Wei , Zheng Yufeng , Liu Xiaoya , Li Xiaojie
Published: March 2022

A phenolic-copper-amine crosslinked hybrid coating with a surface-eroding degradation behavior was prepared on Zn-alloy stents by EPD to mimic the endothelial function by catalytic NO-generation and provides long-term corrosion resistance.
Tuning the Au–Au interactions by varying the degree of polymerisation in linear polymeric Au(i) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes
Authors: Sathyanarayana Arruri , Siddhant Kumar , Yamane Masaya , Hisano Kyohei , Prabusankar Ganesan , Tsutsumi Osamu
Published: March 2022

Gold(i) N-heterocyclic carbene (Au(i) NHC) polymers were successfully synthesised with alkyl and alkoxy spacers, wherein polymers with different degrees of polymerisation were isolated for the first time by varying the reaction time.
Regulation of the release of damage-associated molecular patterns from necroptotic cells
Authors: Nakano Hiroyasu , Murai Shin , Moriwaki Kenta
Published: March 2022

Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are molecules within living cells that are released when cell membranes are ruptured. Although DAMPs have physiological functions inside the cell, once DAMPs are released extracellularly, they elicit various biological responses, including inflammation, proliferation, tissue damage, and tissue repair, in a context-dependent manner. In past decades, it was assumed that the release of DAMPs was induced by a membrane rupture, caused by passive ATP depletion, or by chemical or mechanical damage to the membrane. However, that concept has been challenged by recent advancements in understanding the regulation of cell death. Necroptosis is a form of regulated cell death, where cells show necrotic morphology. Necroptosis is triggered by death receptors, toll-like receptors, and some viral infections. The membrane rupture is executed by the mixed lineage-like kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL), which forms oligomers that translocate to the plasma membrane during necroptosis. Although the causal relationship between MLKL function and membrane rupture has been extensively investigated, the detailed molecular mechanisms by which oligomerized MLKL induces membrane rupture are not fully understood. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding how MLKL regulates DAMP release and new technologies for visualizing DAMP release at single-cell resolution.
Case study: Co-creating a flipped feed-in approach to a virtual biochemistry lab assessment: increasing student achievement and engagement in a large, diverse cohort
Authors: Cassambai Shabana , Bridge Hannah , Gill Palak K. , Shobaloju Similoluwa , Sgamma Tiziana , Rushworth Jo V.
Published: March 2022

More inclusive, authentic assessments are required to address awarding gaps and to ensure that bioscience students can apply their knowledge to relevant work-based scenarios. In this case report, we present a co-created approach to designing a more inclusive, virtual biochemistry lab assessment for a diverse cohort of ∼270 first-year students. The assignment was to write up an inclusive clinical case study as a one-page journal article. A flipped classroom approach taught the relevant skills, along with simulated labs from Learning Science Ltd. Student Lecturers co-created the assessment, including the marking rubric and the unexemplars. We replaced traditional feedback with a flipped, feed-in approach where students were able to engage in a formative assessment with peer marking and unexemplars. Whilst the summative assessment was marked anonymously, a dialogue-based approach was employed, where students could request personalised audio feed-forward from the tutor. The high pass rate (97%) and student satisfaction score (88%) suggest that this approach is an effective way to challenge, engage and support a large, diverse cohort of students. First-year students who participated in the flipped feed-in experience obtained a significantly higher summative mark (56.7% cf. 50.9%) than those who did not. Interestingly, students in receipt of learning adjustments scored higher marks on average in the summative assessment (59.3% cf. 54.3%), suggesting that we have reversed the disability-based attainment gap. Further investigation into whether a co-created, flipped feed-in approach can reduce attainment gaps based on ethnicity, gender and age is warranted.
Unequal error protection transmission for federated learning
Authors: Zheng Sihui , Chen Xiang
Published: March 2022

Communication has been recognized as one of the primary challenges of federated learning (FL), but the actual communication algorithm or protocol design is still rarely involved in the existing studies. In the paper, viewing the model exchange in FL as a special kind of traffic, an unequal error protection (UEP) scheme is designed based on multi‐rate channel coding and multi‐layer modulation for it. To answer the question of how to make error control for FL when the wireless channel is no longer simplified as a pipeline, this paper firstly theoretically analyzes the impact of transmission error on machine leanring (ML) model, which reveals that the dynamic range of the weights should be taken into consideration. Guided by the analysis, the UEP scheme is applied to FL in multiple perspectives including parameter, network and time. Furthermore, a UEP‐based adaptive coding method is developed for the case with dynamic signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) to ensure faster and more stable convergence of the FL model while saving as much bandwidth as possible. Comprehensive numerical simulation on several real‐world datasets verifies that the proposed UEP transmission schemes can indeed bring significant benefits in accuracy, robustness and efficiency, especially when the channel condition is poor.
Calculation, simulation and fast estimation of thermal resistance of rotary voice coil actuators
Authors: Hu Jianhui , Wu Jiaxin , Chen Jinhao , Li Yong , Ren Liuyang , Wang Qian , Liu Chengjun
Published: March 2022

Rotary voice coil actuator (RVCA) is mainly used for reciprocating drive of small inertia loads in a limited range of angle, which is widely used in aerospace and other fields. Thermal resistance is one of the most important parameters of RVCAs, which is directly related to the steady‐state temperature rising and operation reliability. Because the thermal resistance cannot be measured directly, the analytical method is usually used to calculate the thermal resistance of the RVCA. However, due to the particularity of the thermal circuit calculation, the calculation is complicated and the result is not accurate. It is not conducive for engineering applications of this kind of actuator. In this paper, a series of rotary voice coil motor is selected as the research object. Through analytical calculation and thermal simulation, a more accurate thermal resistance calculation correction model and thermal resistance value of RVCAs are obtained, and the accuracy of the estimation results is verified by experiments. On this basis, the effective volume of the coil frame of the RVCA is selected as the variable, and the concise variation law of the series thermal resistance data is obtained. This paper provides a fast and accurate estimation method for the thermal resistance of RVCA, which has an important reference value for expanding the engineering applications of RVCAs.
Revisiting the role of bars in AGN fuelling with propensity score sample matching
Authors: Silva-Lima Luiz A. , Martins Lucimara P. , Coelho Paula R. T. , Gadotti Dimitri A.
Published: March 2022

The high luminosity displayed by an active galactic nucleus (AGN) requires that gas be transported to the centre of the galaxy by some mechanism. Bar-driven processes are often pointed out in this context and a number of studies have addressed the bar–AGN connection, but with conflicting results. Some of the inconsistencies can be explained by the different spatial- and timescales involved in bar-driven gas inflows, accretion by the central black hole, and AGN emission. However, the discrepant results could also be due to sample biases, because both the AGN activity determination and the bar detection are influenced by the method employed. We revisit the bar–AGN connection in a sample of galaxies from SDSS, looking for evidence of the influence of bars on AGN activity. We determine AGN activity by emission line diagnostics and the properties of the bar were previously estimated withBUDDA, which performs 2D bulge–bar–disk decomposition. Before comparing active and inactive galaxies, we made a careful selection of the sample to minimise selection biases. We created control samples by matching them with the AGN sample using propensity score matching. This technique offers an analytical approach for creating control samples given some object parameters. We find that AGN are preferentially found in barred galaxies and that the accretion rate is higher in barred galaxies, but only when differentM–σrelations are used to estimate the black hole massM•in barred and unbarred galaxies (from the central velocity dispersionσ). On the other hand, we find no correlation between activity level and bar strength. Altogether, our results strengthen theoretical predictions that the bar is an important mechanism in disc galaxies, creating a gas reservoir to feed AGN, but they also indicate that other mechanisms can play a major role, particularly at scales ≲100 pc.
Searching for pulsars associated with polarised point sources using LOFAR: Initial discoveries from the TULIPP project
Authors: Sobey C. , Bassa C. G. , O’Sullivan S. P. , Callingham J. R. , Tan C. M. , Hessels J. W. T. , Kondratiev V. I. , Stappers B. W. , Tiburzi C. , Heald G. , Shimwell T. , Breton R. P. , Kirwan M. , Vedantham H. K. , Carretti E. , Grießmeier J.-M. , Haverkorn M. , Karastergiou A.
Published: March 2022

Discovering radio pulsars, particularly millisecond pulsars (MSPs), is important for a range of astrophysical applications, such as testing theories of gravity or probing the magneto-ionic interstellar medium. We aim to discover pulsars that may have been missed in previous pulsar searches by leveraging known pulsar observables (primarily polarisation) in the sensitive, low-frequency radio images from the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR) Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS), and have commenced the Targeted search, using LoTSS images, for polarised pulsars (TULIPP) survey. For this survey, we identified linearly and circularly polarised point sources with flux densities brighter than 2 mJy in LoTSS images at a centre frequency of 144 MHz with a 48 MHz bandwidth. Over 40 known pulsars, half of which are MSPs, were detected as polarised sources in the LoTSS images and excluded from the survey. We have obtained beam-formed LOFAR observations of 30 candidates, which were searched for pulsations using coherent de-dispersion. Here, we present the results of the first year of the TULIPP survey. We discovered two pulsars, PSRs J1049+5822 and J1602+3901, with rotational periods ofP = 0.73 s and 3.7 ms, respectively. We also detected a further five known pulsars (two slowly-rotating pulsars and three MSPs) for which accurate sky positions were not available to allow a unique cross-match with LoTSS sources. This targeted survey presents a relatively efficient method by which pulsars, particularly MSPs, may be discovered using the flexible observing modes of sensitive radio telescopes such as the Square Kilometre Array and its pathfinders/precursors, particularly since wide-area all-sky surveys using coherent de-dispersion are currently computationally infeasible.
Hash-Based Signature for Flexibility Authentication of IoT Devices
Authors: HAN Songshen , XU Kaiyong , ZHU Zhiqiang , GUO Songhui , LIU Haidong , LI Zuohui
Published: March 2022

5G provides a unified authentication architecture and access management for IoT (Internet of Things) devices. But existing authentication services cannot cover massive IoT devices with various computing capabilities. In addition, with the development of quantum computing, authentication schemes based on traditional digital signature technology may not be as secure as we expected. This paper studies the authentication mechanism from the user equipment to the external data network in 5G and proposed an authentication protocol prototype that conforms to the Third Generation Partnership Program (3GPP) standard. This prototype can accommodate various Hash-based signature technologies, applying their advantages in resource consumption to meet the authentication requirements of multiple types of IoT devices. The operation of the proposed authentication scheme is mainly based on the Hash function, which is more efficient than the traditional authentication scheme. It provides flexible and high-quality authentication services for IoT devices cluster in the 5G environment combining the advantages of Hash-based signature technology and 5G architecture.
Olfactory Threshold Concentration of Two Typical Earthy-Musty Odour Compounds in Black Carps and Bighead Carps
Authors: LIU Liming , ZHOU Lijunjun , HU Jiaming , SHI Xiaotao , JIA Manke
Published: March 2022

2-methylisoboneol (2-MIB) and geosmin are two typical earthy-musty odour compounds in freshwater. In order to investigate the olfactory thresholds of 2-MIB and geosmin in black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) and bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis), an improved and optimized pre-treatment method of adsorbing the earthy-musty odours combined with the technology of gas chromatography following microwave distillation-headspace solid-phase microextraction was developed. The fish back muscle samples were placed in vials with the 2-MIB/geosmin solution and reached the adsorption equilibrium. Some samples were evaluated by a panel of ten members using Flavour Profile Analysis (FPA) method, the remaining sample was used for instrumental analysis. In fish muscle blocks, it took 90 and 105 min to establish the absorption equilibrium of 2-MIB and geosmin, respectively. The olfactory thresholds of 2-MIB in the bodies of black carps and bighead carps were 0.35 μg/kg and 0.30 μg/kg, respectively, while the geosmin thresholds were 0.59 μg/kg and 0.51 μg/kg, respectively. The concentrations of 2-MIB and geosmin in the bodies of black carps were slightly higher than in bighead carps, which were probably caused by the differences in the body fat content and the volatility of 2-MIB and geosmin.
Visual Modeling of Rice Root Growth Based on B-Spline Curve
Authors: YANG Le , TANG Zizong , WU Panpan , PENG Jun , SHI Junlin , LONG Lan
Published: March 2022

As a major food production crop in China, the growth and development of rice is an extremely complex systemic process, and the root system is the main organ for rice to obtain nutrients. Therefore, 3D modeling and visualization of the rice root system can help to further understand its morphology, structure and function, and provide an aid for scientific cultivation of rice and improving rice yield for decision making. In this paper, a mathematical model of the rice root system is established based on the B spline curve combined with the L-system approach, using mathematical knowledge based on the 3D morphological characteristics of the real rice root system. The B-Spline Curve is chosen to simulate this, and the recursive definition of B-Spline Curve and its formula are used to realize the modeling of the rice root system curve. Based on the mathematical method of rice root system integration, the bending effect of rice root system at different periods and different growth positions is realized. Finally, the L-system combined with B-Spline Curve is used to construct a rice root system model and realize the rice root system visualization simulation. The simulated image is closer to the real rice root system image in terms of morphological structure and has a strong sense of realism.
Der Fall des Hornussenspielers – Rotatorenmanschettenruptur
Authors: Weber Christian
Published: March 2022

Bei dem 61-jährigen Freizeitsportler Felix kommt es wegen eines Sturzes zunächst an der linken Schulter zu Sehnenabrissen im Bereich der Rotatorenmanschette, drei Jahre später wird er an der rechten Schulter wegen des gleichen Beschwerdebildes operiert. Sein Physiotherapeut beschreibt, wie Felix die Rückkehr zu seinem Sport, dem schweizerischen Schlagsport Hornussen, möglich wurde.
„Es fehlen gut untersuchte Trainingskonzepte“ – Erleben der Rehabilitation nach Covid-19-Erkrankung
Authors: Laquai Sophia Marie
Published: March 2022

Qualitative Forschung eignet sich unter anderem dazu, ein bislang unerforschtes Thema zu erschließen und mögliche relevante Forschungsfelder abzustecken. Zu einem Zeitpunkt, als es international noch kaum Erkenntnisse zur Versorgung von Menschen mit einer Covid-19-Erkrankung gab, hat Clara Gieseke Lopes mithilfe von vier narrativen Interviews möglichen Forschungsbedarf hinsichtlich der rehabilitativen Versorgung ermittelt.
Herz schlägt Hirn? – Denk- und Bewertungssysteme Teil 2
Authors: Hertlein Margit
Published: March 2022

2005 gab Steve Jobs in einer Abschlussrede für Stanford-Absolvent*innen den Tipp: Folgt im Leben „Herz und Intuition“. Denn irgendwie wüssten sie schon, wo es langgeht. Ernsthaft jetzt? Ja, leider! Lesen Sie im zweiten Teil der Serie, warum mit diesem Zitat die Intuition, das Bauchgefühl oder der Strudelwurm für viele zum höchsten Entscheidungsorgan wurde.
Unser Jahr im Wasser – Eisbaden als Therapieoption
Authors: Pott Claudia
Published: March 2022

Ein Tauchunfall kann das Leben verändern und Menschen dauerhaft zu Patient*innen machen. Sonja Tokmakidis hat dies im Roten Meer erlebt und ist seitdem auf der Suche nach neuen Therapieoptionen und Hobbys, die sie voranbringen. Gemeinsam mit Physiotherapeutin Claudia Pott berichtet sie, wie sie ihre Leidenschaft fürs Eisbaden entdeckte.
An Innovative and Economical Device for Ischemic Preconditioning of the Forehead Flap Prior to Pedicle Division: A Comparative Study
Authors: Xiao Wentian , Ng Sally , Li Hua , Min Peiru , Feng Shaoqing , Su Weijie , Zhang Yixin
Published: March 2022

Background Ischemic preconditioning of the forehead flap prior to pedicle division helps to improve angiogenesis. Clamping the pedicle by a clamped rubber band with vessel forceps is often clinically applied. However, the severe pain and unstable blocking effect influenced the preconditioning process. In this study, we described an innovative device designed for ischemic preconditioning and compared its efficacy with the clamped rubber band.

Methods The device consists of a self-locking nylon cable tie with a buckle and a rubber tube. The rubber tube is fed over the cable tie to act as a soft outer lining and the cable tie is tightened across the pedicle to block the perfusion for ischemic preconditioning. This device and the standard clamped rubber band were applied respectively before division surgery. The constriction effect, reliability, reproducibility, and the patients' pain tolerance were compared.

Results A total of 20 forehead flaps were included. The cable tie had less incidence of loosening (7.7% vs. 16.6%, p < 0.05) and maintained the pressure more effectively. The pain score for the nylon cable tie was significantly lower than the clamped rubber band (4.25 ± 1.02 vs. 6.75 ± 1.12, p < 0.05), especially for 10 pediatric patients (4.50 ± 0.85 vs. 8.10 ± 1.20, p < 0.01). All 20 pedicles were successfully divided at 19 to 22 days with no surgical complications.

Conclusion Compared with the clamped rubber band, the cable tie produces a more reliable and reproducible ischemic preconditioning effect. It is also better tolerated by the patients. Therefore, we recommend using the nylon cable tie as the preferred device for ischemic preconditioning of the forehead flap.
Internal Mammary Lymph Node Biopsy during Microsurgical Breast Reconstruction: A Prospective Study
Authors: Schultz Benjamin D. , Sultan Darren , Ha Grace , Gibstein Alexander , Nguyen Khang , Barnett Sarah L. , Suydam Rebecca C. , Kasabian Armen K. , Smith Mark L. , Tanna Neil
Published: March 2022

Background Accurate assessment of regional lymph node basins is critical for oncological management of breast cancer. The internal mammary lymph node (IMLN) basin directly drains the medial pole of the breast, but biopsy is not commonly performed. While the axillary sentinel lymph node sample remains the standard of care, the majority of patients who have been found to have a positive IMLN biopsy have simultaneously had negative axillary sentinel lymph nodes. This study prospectively examines routine IMLN biopsy during microsurgical breast reconstruction.

Methods An IRB-approved study of routine IMLN biopsies in 270 consecutive patients who underwent microsurgical breast reconstruction was performed from July 1, 2018, to June 1, 2021. Recorded data included unilateral or bilateral breast reconstruction, unilateral or bilateral IMLN sampling, patient demographics, disease stage, and pathologic findings of IMLN.

Results The majority of patients, 240 of 270 patients (88.9%), had bilateral reconstruction. Overall, 5 out of 270 (1.9%) patients had positive IMLN; one of these patients had positive axillary sentinel lymph nodes. The IMLN biopsy results in two of the five patients affected the clinical course as they were upstaged and required chemoradiation.

Conclusion Direct visualization of the internal mammary lymph nodes during dissection of the recipient vessels for microsurgical breast reconstruction allows for convenient sampling, with minimal donor site morbidity and enhances the therapeutic management of patients in whom nodal involvement is present. As such, the authors recommend IMLN sampling.
Collective narratives catalyse cooperation
Authors: Gokhale Chaitanya S. , Bulbulia Joseph , Frean Marcus
Published: March 2022

Humans invest in fantastic stories—mythologies. Recent evolutionary theories suggest that cultural selection may favour moralising stories that motivate prosocial behaviours. A key challenge is to explain the emergence of mythologies that lack explicit moral exemplars or directives. Here, we resolve this puzzle with an evolutionary model in which arbitrary mythologies transform a collection of egoistic individuals into a cooperative. We show how these otherwise puzzling amoral, nonsensical, and fictional narratives act as exquisitely functional coordination devices and facilitate the emergence of trust and cooperativeness in both large and small populations. Especially, in small populations, reflecting earlier hunter-gatherers communities, relative to our contemporary community sizes, the model is robust to the cognitive costs in adopting fictions.
Citizen science and community action provide insights on a threatened species: nest box use by the brush-tailed phascogale (Phascogale tapoatafa)
Authors: Lawton Jessica A. , Holland Greg J. , Timewell Chris , Bannon Asha , Mellick Elizabeth , Bennett Andrew F.
Published: March 2022

Context Landscape management and restoration in rural environments is frequently driven by community groups, who often use ‘flagship’ species to generate broader engagement. In south-eastern Australia, installation of nest boxes for hollow-dependent fauna is undertaken by many groups. Monitoring the outcomes of such projects offers opportunities for citizen science. Aims The aim of the present study was to report on a community-led project to install and monitor nest boxes to enhance the conservation of a threatened species, the brush-tailed phascogale (Phascogale tapoatafa), and to investigate the extent of nest box use, factors influencing use, changes in use through time, and the effectiveness of nest boxes as a monitoring tool. Methods A community group installed 450 nest boxes across 150 sites to monitor and provide habitat for the brush-tailed phascogale. Of these, 102 sites were stratified in relation to: (1) geographic sub-region; (2) forest patch size; and (3) topographic position. Nest boxes were inspected five times over 8 years. We modelled factors influencing nest box use at the tree, site, and landscape level. We compared nest box data with data from camera traps at 50 sites to assess their value as a monitoring tool. Key results In any given survey, up to 6% of nest boxes had individuals present and up to 22% had evidence of use by the brush-tailed phascogale. There was greater use of nest boxes when installed on ‘stringybark’ type trees than ‘box’ and ‘gum-barked’ species. Nest box use was greater for sites on forest slopes than in gullies, and use varied between years. Surveys using remote cameras were more effective at detecting phascogales than monitoring nest boxes. Conclusions Nest box monitoring can provide insights into the distribution and habitat requirements of hollow-dependent species, and engage the community in citizen science. Elements that enhance community-led monitoring include scientific input to project design, collecting data in a consistent manner, allocating sufficient time for data curation, engaging people invested in project outcomes, maintaining good relationships with stakeholders, and sharing data for analysis. Implications Collaboration between scientists and community groups can be of benefit to both parties. However, to maximise scientific and conservation outcomes there must be effective engagement and adequate resourcing for project coordination.
Telemetry tails: a practical method for attaching animal-borne devices to small vertebrates in the field
Authors: Cornelsen K. A. , Arkinstall C. M. , van Weenen J. , Ross A. K. , Lawes J. C. , Moseby K. E. , Elphinstone A. , Jordan N. R.
Published: March 2022

Context Continued miniaturisation of tracking technology increases its utility in animal applications. However, species morphology often dictates the type of animal-borne device (ABD) that can be used, and how it is attached. The morphology of species within Peramelemorphia preclude them from the standard collar attachment of ABDs for terrestrial mammals. Aims This paper describes a method for the tail-mount attachment of ABDs, and deployment results for Peramelemorphia across arid, semi-arid and temperate Australia to (a) test the performance of attachments and ABDs in the field and (b) discuss the animal welfare considerations for this attachment method. Methods Tail-mount attachment of ABDs were field-tested on a total of 80 greater bilbies (Macrotis lagotis), and 14 long-nosed bandicoots (Perameles nasuta). Key results Time to natural detachment (TTND) was between 2 and 52 days, with 65.74% (142 of 216) remaining on until manual removal. For ABDs that were manually removed, attachments were retained for up to 94 days. The method used for tail-mount attachment of ABDs to long-nosed bandicoots resulted in significantly shorter TTND compared with the method used for bilbies, and environmental factors (high temperatures and rainfall) had a negative effect on TTND. Tail-mount attached global positioning system (GPS) sensors collected large quantities of accurate data, with a maximum fix success rate of 83.38%. Damage to GPS (antenna breakage and water ingress) during deployment, however, impacted performance. In environments with frequent rainfall and waterlogged soils, the tape on a small proportion (6.25%) of (n = 192) attachments to bilbies caused tail injury. All injuries were resolvable, with most requiring minimal to no veterinary intervention. Key conclusions Attachment longevity can be affected by how the ABD is mounted to the tail, the species and the deployment environment. The environment can also affect which adhesive tapes are suitable for ABD attachment. However, this method is highly modifiable, practical for field application and can have long retention times relative to other temporary methods. Implications This ABD tail-mount attachment method adds another tool to the telemetry tool-kit, with all the benefits of a low-tech, low-cost, passive drop-off type attachment. This method has demonstrated practicality for Peramelemorphia, with potential application to other suitable small vertebrates.
Mechanistic insights into the subversion of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex by the E3 ligase IpaH1.4 of
Shigella flexneri
Authors: Liu Jianping , Wang Yaru , Wang Danni , Wang Yingli , Xu Xiaolong , Zhang Yuchao , Li Ying , Zhang Mingfang , Gong Xinyu , Tang Yubin , Shen Liqiang , Li Miao , Pan Lifeng
Published: March 2022

Significance

Shigella flexneri
, a deleterious bacterium, causes massive human infection cases and deaths worldwide. To facilitate survival and replication in infected host cells,
S. flexneri
can secrete two highly similar E3 ligase effectors, IpaH1.4 and IpaH2.5, to subvert the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC), a key player involved in numerous antibacterial signaling pathways of host cells but with poorly understood mechanisms. In this study, through systematic biochemical and structural characterization, we elucidate the multiple tactics adopted by IpaH1.4/2.5 to disarm the human LUBAC and provide mechanistic insights into the subversion of host LUBAC by IpaH1.4/2.5 of
S. flexneri
.
The possible modes of microbial reproduction are fundamentally restricted by distribution of mass between parent and offspring
Authors: Pichugin Yuriy , Traulsen Arne
Published: March 2022

Significance

Cells and simple cell colonies reproduce by fragmenting their bodies into pieces. Produced newborns need to grow before they can reproduce again. How big a cell or a cell colony should grow? How many offspring should be produced? Should they be of equal size or diverse? We show that the simple fact that the immediate mass of offspring cannot exceed the mass of parents restricts possible answers to these questions. For example, our theory states that, when mass is conserved in the course of fragmentation, the evolutionarily optimal reproduction mode is fragmentation into exactly two, typically equal, parts. Our theory also shows conditions which promote evolution of asymmetric division or fragmentation into multiple pieces.
Microstructure and corrosion resistance of TLPB of Inconel 625 to 316l SS
Authors: Ajabshiri Mehrdad , Ashrafi Ali , Shamanian Morteza , Karimi Mohammad Ali
Published: March 2022

In this paper, the microstructure and electrochemical behaviour of a transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding between Inconel 625 and 316L stainless steel with a Cu interlayer were investigated. The TLP bonding was performed at 1090°C and 1120°C for 30 and 60 min. For microstructural analysis, FESEM and TEM were used. To analyse the corrosion resistance, EIS and Potentiodynamic polarisation tests in 3.5% NaCl were performed on the joint. Microstructural analysis suggested the presence of Mo–Nb, Cr–Mo and Nb-rich precipitations in the diffusion affected zone (DAZ) in the Inconel 625 side and Mo–Nb and Mo-rich precipitates in the Cu interlayer. The EIS and potentiodynamic polarisation tests showed that the highest corrosion resistance was achieved for the 1120°C-30 min sample.
Monitoring of resistance spot welding expulsion based on machine learning
Authors: Zhou Lei , Zhang Tianyi , Zhang Zhongdian , Lei Zhenglong , Zhu Shiliang
Published: March 2022

There is still a lack of effective monitoring methods for resistance spot welding expulsion in manufacturing sites. In this study, more than 63,766 dynamic resistance curves of welding points were collected in manufacturing sites, and the machine learning method is applied to monitor the resistance spot welding expulsion. Generally, the model's generalisation ability is poor due to the complex conditions of the manufacturing site. This study solves this problem by improving the data preprocessing and model selection method. The experimental results show that when the process parameters do not change, the accuracy of expulsion recognition can easily reach 95%. When the process parameters change, it can reach 90% by selecting the appropriate data preprocessing method and model selection.