bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury in Rat Models: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Yueying , Ding Yi , Guo Chenchen
Published: June 2024

Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is one of the hopeful treatments for spinal cord injury (SCI). Most current studies are in animals, and less in humans, and the optimal transplantation strategy for MSCs is still controversial. In this article, we explore the optimal transplantation strategy of MSCs through a network meta-analysis of the effects of MSCs on SCI in animal models. PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), and Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System (SinoMed) databases were searched by computer for randomized controlled studies on MSCs for SCI. Two investigators independently completed the literature screening and data extraction based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RevMan 5.4 software was used to assess the quality of the included literature. Stata 16.0 software was used for standard meta-analysis and network meta-analysis. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was used for continuous variables to combine the statistics and calculate 95% confidence interval (95% CI). P < 0.05 was considered a statistically significant difference. Cochrane’s Q test and the I2 value were used to indicate the magnitude of heterogeneity. A random-effects model was used if I2 > 50% and P < 0.10 indicated significant heterogeneity between studies, and conversely, a fixed-effects model was used. Evidence network diagrams were drawn based on direct comparisons between various interventions. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve area (SUCRA) was used to predict the ranking of the treatment effects of each intervention. A total of 32 animal studies were included in this article for analysis. The results of the standard meta-analysis showed that MSCs improved motor ability after SCI. The network meta-analysis showed that the best treatment effect was achieved for adipose tissue–derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ADMSCs) in terms of cell source and intrathecal (IT) in terms of transplantation modality. For transplantation timing, the best treatment effect was achieved when transplantation was performed in the subacute phase. The available literature suggests that IT transplantation using ADMSCs in the subacute phase may be the best transplantation strategy to improve functional impairment after SCI. Future high-quality studies are still needed to further validate the results of this study to ensure the reliability of the results.
Decent work and ethical ideologies of nurses—A multicenter cross-sectional study
Authors: Zoromba Mohamed Ali , Abualruz Hasan , Abu Sabra Mohammad A , Zoromba Mohamed Ahmed , El-Gazar Heba Emad
Published: June 2024

Background

Although research has established that the work environment significantly shapes nurses’ ethical behavior, it’s less clear whether decent work could influence ethical ideologies of nurses.

Aim

To investigate the decent work conditions and ethical ideologies of nurses, and to analyze whether decent work influences their ethical ideologies.

Methods

A multicenter cross-sectional survey was conducted among 203 nurses working in three tertiary governmental hospitals across two cities in Egypt. We utilized the Scale of Decent Work, which consists of 15 items distributed across five dimensions, to assess the level of decent work conditions. Additionally, the Ethics Position Questionnaire, containing 20 items divided into two categories—idealism and relativism—was used to evaluate the ethical ideologies of nurses. Pearson correlation and linear regression analyses were applied to analyze the data.

Ethical considerations

Ethical approval from the ethics committee, institutional permission, and informed consent from the participants were obtained for data collection.

Results

The findings indicated that the levels of decent work conditions were moderate, while the ethical ideologies of nurses were relatively high. Stepwise multiple linear regression analyses revealed that the idealism of nurses was significantly predicted by two dimensions of decent work—organizational values, and hours allowing for free time and rest—along with the overall decent work score. Meanwhile, the relativism of nurses was significantly predicted by the presence of physically and interpersonally safe working conditions.

Conclusions

Nurses experiencing decent work conditions characterized by high organizational values and adequate hours for free time and rest are more inclined to adopt idealistic ethical ideology. Meanwhile, those experiencing physically and interpersonally safe working conditions tend to embrace relativistic ethical ideology.

Implications for clinical practice

Identifying the relationship between decent work conditions and the ethical ideologies of nurses can assist hospital administrators in fostering work conditions that promote appropriate ethical ideologies among nurses.
Integrating Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Sustainability Linkages with Employees’ Perceptions and Competence-Mediating Role of CSR Culture
Authors: Pandey Suchitra , Sinha Shruti , Rishi Parul
Published: June 2024

The study examines the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) culture on the relationship between CSR strategy–sustainability linkages, ethics and the CSR outcomes in public sector organizations in India. Using a sample of 200 lower-, middle- and upper-level CSR managers, a mediation model by Baron and Kenny was outlined and tested. Results demonstrate that CSR strategy–sustainability linkages and ethics have a positive relationship with CSR culture and CSR outcomes. Further, CSR culture has a positive relationship with the CSR outcomes of employees’ CSR perceptions and competence. While CSR culture fitfully mediated the relationship between ethics and competence, partial mediation was found in all other cases. Thus, the adoption of strategic and sustainable CSR not only leads to desirable CSR outcomes but is also associated with a better fit between CSR and culture. Hence, strategic and sustainable CSR and organizational ethics must facilitate greater congruence between CSR and organizational culture.
Social Expenditures in Odisha: Populism Versus Human Capital Formation
Authors: Mahapatra Sushanta Kumar , Sahu Pareswar
Published: June 2024

This article examines the level, composition and trends of social expenditures at the subnational level in India using the secondary data of Odisha from 1990–91 to 2016–17 due to the low level of economic development in the state. The level of social expenditures of Odisha is better than those of the 14 major states of the country. However, it is not sufficient for the development of the state due to its declining trend and a small proportion of capital account social expenditures. Regarding the composition of social expenditures, a substantial proportion is incurred on populism rather than human capital formation. Social expenditures deviate from human capital formation to populism with time. Further emphasis is shifted towards economic services from social expenditures in the total expenditures. The ruling party used the strategy of populism to win seats in the state legislature keeping in mind the high proportion of the poor, illiterates and poor farmers in the state, where a direct relationship exists between human capital formation and winning seats in the legislature. To ensure economic development, the state should strive to improve its human capital formation and refrain from populist measures.
Indian Fiscal Federalism and Resource Gap of State Governments: Measurement and Analysis
Authors: Darshini J. S. , Gayithri K.
Published: June 2024

This article examines the various forms of basic resource gap (BRG) and fiscal dependency in a long-term panel framework, comprising 14 major Indian states from 1981–82 to 2016–17. Further, it decomposes the level and extent of states’ fiscal dependence on transfers and borrowings, which together constitute the total non-own source of revenue on a disaggregated level into three different phases to gain a thorough understanding of the states’ vulnerability and the quality of dependence. The findings show that among the 14 states, Odisha, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh are leading the way in reducing the BRG during the third sub-period. Odisha’s fiscal dependency has decreased faster and has been sustained to a greater extent than in the other states. In contrast, the accumulation of unsustainably higher levels of debt and guarantees is an issue of concern in West Bengal, Punjab and Kerala, where discretionary sources of revenue have increased significantly in recent decades. The study finds that, despite several incentive-based reform measures, the BRG persists, with mounting fiscal challenges besides a decline in non-debt capital receipts across the Indian states.
Fake News as Political Communication: On Fake News, Digital Media and the Struggle for Hegemony in Post-Mugabe Zimbabwe
Authors: Chibuwe Albert
Published: June 2024

Fake news has long been used in propaganda, but the proliferation of digital media reinvigorated it. In Zimbabwe, fake news peaks during elections and on the eve of international summits the country’s leadership will be attending. The ruling Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF) and the main opposition Movement for Democratic Change Alliance (MDC-A), which re-branded to Citizens Coalition for Change (CCC), deploy fake news against each other. These two are the main contestants for power, and they dominate Parliament and Senate. ZANU-PF has the majority in the legislature whilst the opposition CCC dominates Urban Councils. They are permanently engaged in a battle for hegemony. Informed by the three dimensions of fake news as a genre, a label and dramaturgia, the paper interrogates how, when, where and why ZANU-PF and MDC-A deployed fake news in the post-Mugabe era. Data were gathered through archival research and virtual ethnography, and the findings show that both parties used the three dimensions of fake news in intra-party and inter-party struggles, and the battle to influence regional and global public opinion. Fake news was used to confuse the public and discredit the opponent.
Recent Advances in CAR-T Therapy
Authors: Ali Meher Binte
Published: June 2024

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy is used to treat hematological malignancies which are refractory to standard therapy. It is a form of immunotherapy in which a patient’s T cells are programmed to act against tumor cells. We discuss the process of manufacturing CAR-T cells, the common side effects of therapy, and the recent emerging risk of T-cell malignancies after treatment.
Power boundaries in resonant electrodynamic wireless power transfer systems
Authors: Morel Adrien , Gibus David , Badel Adrien
Published: June 2024

This article focuses on deriving the maximum power that can be transmitted using recent wireless power transfer technology based on an electrodynamic receiver. Analytical derivations reveal two main constraints that can limit transmitted power: the magnetic field safety limit and the maximum stress before breaking the receiver. From these limits, expressions of maximum magnetic forces and power are derived, providing physical insights on how to optimize the transmitted power. Interestingly, the optimal electrical condition and the optimal electromechanical efficiency differ when maximizing the transmitted power under each constraint. In the final section of the paper, the proposed theoretical boundaries are applied to two types of receivers, based on either electromagnetic or piezoelectric transducers. The results demonstrate that the maximum power density achievable with both receivers is inherently limited (<10 mW/cm3) under realistic assumptions regarding electromechanical coupling and electrical circuitry. This value is smaller than some previously reported results involving rotating or magnetoelectric solutions, indicating that clamped-free beams are not the optimal solution for electrodynamic wireless power transfer. This analysis can be extended to other types of receivers and will be useful for optimizing, sizing, and assessing any technological solution for wireless power transfer.
Characterization of elastic wave propagation in high-speed railway tracks considering temperature effects
Authors: Caiyou Zhao , Qingmin Hui , Ping Wang , Xinhao Zhang , Mingjing Geng , Yezhou Wang
Published: June 2024

This study establishes a three-dimensional infinite-length periodic ballasted track model, considering the effect of coupling between bending and torsion and the impact of sleeper width. The GPWE method is employed to investigate the energy bandgap structure of the track. The results show three vertical bending wave bandgaps below 1500 Hz: 0–109 Hz, 110–167 Hz, and 1081–1126 Hz. The node responses from a hammer impact experiment are used in the WSM to calculate the frequency dispersion curves, which confirms the validity of this model. The model is then utilized to analyze the influence of rail temperature forces and temperature-dependent fastener stiffness on the vibration transmission characteristics of the track within a temperature range of −35°C to 25°C. As temperature increases, the starting and cutoff frequency values and the width of bandgaps both decrease nonlinearly and later stabilize, with the width of the Bragg bandgap showing a significant reduction of 83%. The vibration attenuation rate in the bandgap gradually increases and finally stabilizes, especially above 15°C, while the vibration transfer characteristics are not significantly affected by temperature.
Sodium Dehydroacetate and Dehydroacetic Acid
Authors: Cherian Priya , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Cohen David E. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Rettie Allan E. , Ross David , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Tilton Susan , Fiume Monice , Heldreth Bart
Published: June 2024

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) first published a safety assessment of Sodium Dehydroacetate and Dehydroacetic Acid in 1985. The Panel previously concluded that Sodium Dehydroacetate and Dehydroacetic Acid are safe as used in the present practices of use and concentration, as stated in that report. Upon re-review in 2003, the Panel reaffirmed the original conclusion, as published in 2006. The Panel reviewed updated frequency and concentration of use data again in 2023, in addition to any newly available, relevant safety data. Considering this information, as well as the information provided in the original safety assessment and the prior re-review document, the Panel reaffirmed the 1985 conclusion.
The beautiful risk of participatory education: An empirical example of teaching strong sustainability
Authors: Kiss Gabriella , Köves Alexandra , Király Gábor
Published: June 2024

The grand challenges of our times are seriously interlinked: ecological crises cannot be tackled separately from social problems. In the strong sustainability approach, a good life for all must be achieved within ecological boundaries. To respect the planetary boundaries, it is required to provide critiques for the current economic, social and political order and suggest concrete actions that may lead to strong sustainability transformation. Business schools must address these challenges and provide solutions through educational content and innovative teaching methods. In this article, we argue that participatory education is the appropriate tool to teach strong sustainability in business schools. Building on Paulo Freire’s critical pedagogy and Gert Biesta’s participatory education theories, we developed a theoretical framework to understand how these theories can strengthen strong sustainability education. Using the analytical framework, we explore the risks of participatory education in our Degrowth course and bring empirical examples of its impacts on students by analysing the reflection articles of 37 students. According to our findings, this particular type of education creates both positive emotions, like enjoyment and enthusiasm, and negative ones, like anxiety and helplessness.
Impact of multiple sclerosis comorbidities on quality of life and job activity
Authors: Mallucci Giulia , Monti Maria Cristina , Ponzio Michela , Borrelli Paola , Montomoli Cristina , Bergamaschi Roberto
Published: June 2024

Background:

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is frequently accompanied by comorbid conditions.

Objectives:

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of key comorbid conditions in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) and assess their impact on quality of life and work-related activities.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study involving 755 pwMS from two third-level Italian MS centers was conducted. Comorbidities were identified from medical records, and quality of life was assessed using the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire. Work-related challenges were evaluated using the Multiple Sclerosis Questionnaire for Job Difficulties (MSQ-Job).

Results:

53.8% of pwMS had at least one comorbidity. Hypertension, depression, and anxiety were the most prevalent. Comorbidity presence was associated with reduced quality of life scores in almost all EQ-5D-3L domains and greater job difficulties in all but one MSQ-Job domain.

Conclusion:

Comorbidities in pwMS are prevalent and have a profound influence on quality of life and work-related activities. This comprehensive study offers new insights into the role of comorbidities in MS within the Italian context, emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary approach in MS management. Further research is crucial to deepen our understanding of these findings in the broader Italian MS community.
Gender earning gap on digital platforms: The Airbnb case
Authors: Ert Eyal , Fleischer Aliza , Kopolovich Daniel
Published: June 2024

Contrary to initial expectations derived from traditional labor market theories, which predicted digital platforms would narrow the gender earnings gap, recent studies suggest this gap remains persistent. This research focuses on Airbnb, where trust and hospitality, often perceived as favoring female hosts, play a critical role. Using data from Airbnb in Tel-Aviv and supported by experimental evidence, we find a surprising result: the gender earnings gap is not merely reduced on Airbnb but is reversed, with female hosts earning more than their male counterparts. This reversal is attributed to the market mechanism of Airbnb, combined with a guest preference for female hosts. These findings offer a crucial insight: the influence of information and communication technology (ICT) on women’s empowerment is not straightforward or universal. Instead, it is influenced by the specific characteristics and mechanisms of each digital platform.
Allegations of Democratic Election Fraud and Support for Political Violence Among Republicans
Authors: Piazza James A.
Published: June 2024

Are partisans more likely to endorse political violence when politicians accuse their rivals of election improprieties? I theorize that for Republican partisans in the United States, the answer to this question is yes. Republican partisans are primed to believe allegations of cheating by Democrats and view election improprieties through the lens of racial and xenophobic resentments. Allegations of Democratic election fraud prompt them to eschew nonviolent norms of political behavior and endorse political violence. I test these propositions using an original, online survey experiment involving 140 self-identified Republican subjects. I find that exposure to allegations by politicians that Democrats engage in election fraud prompts Republican partisans to increase their support for political violence. Furthermore, using mediation tests, I find that exposing Republicans to allegations of electoral fraud by Democrats reduces their trust of people of different races and religions which, in turn, increases their support for political violence.
Navigating Sudden Transitions in School-Based Leadership
Authors: Woo David S. , Riskus Paul , Gandy-Fastovich Lydia
Published: June 2024

Principal transitions can be disruptive even under the best of conditions, but when a principal is removed, the disruption to the school community can be immense. This case study describes one large, urban elementary school that experienced the forced retirement of a principal after community outrage over discriminatory policies enacted by the principal. This article explores the organizational and interpersonal changes that take place when a principal is removed suddenly. Aspiring school and district leaders can engage with this case to simulate managing a crisis caused by a transition in school leadership involving a scandal.
Perceptions Towards the Adoption of Multi-Risk Factors Cancer Prevention Educational Tool Among European Union Citizens: A Multi-Country Qualitative Study Protocol
Authors: Feliu Ariadna , Barrera Bibiana , Drury Amanda , Hâncean Marian-Gabriel , Geantă Marius , Koczkodaj Paweł , Pinto Patricia , Pla Marga , Tchalakov Ivan , Vučković Helena , Zeeb Hajo , Espina Carolina
Published: June 2024

Background: Cancer is a major public health problem. Four million new cancer cases are diagnosed annually in Europe, of which around 40% could be prevented. The European Code Against Cancer (ECAC) is a health education tool to raise awareness about risk factors and evidence-based measures to prevent cancer. The ECAC 4th edition consists of 12 recommendations to reduce individuals’ cancer risk and related deaths. This study explores perceived barriers to adopting the cancer prevention actions recommended by the ECAC fourth edition in the European Union (EU). Methods: The COM-B model of behaviour change will be used as a framework for the design and analysis of the study since it identifies factors (capability, opportunity, motivation) that need to be present for any behaviour change to occur. A qualitative study using an exploratory research methodology was designed to obtain information from adults with no previous cancer diagnosis by employing in-depth semi-structured interviews. Participants are selected using a quota sampling strategy according to sex, age, and education level (18 profiles/country). Interviews will be conducted in participants’ native language by trained researchers. Afterward, a thematic content analysis will be conducted to identify common topics, followed by a critical analysis of their discourse. Discussion: This study will contribute to informing the fifth edition of the ECAC –currently under development; by providing insights on how EU citizens perceive the cancer prevention recommendations of the fourth edition and whether they can motivate them to change unhealthy behaviours. Additionally, the study will help to identify the main facilitators and barriers (perceived or already confronted) to adopt these cancer prevention recommendations so that this knowledge will contribute to updating the recommendations of the fifth edition of the ECAC.
Optimization of dynamic parameter design of Stewart platform with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm
Authors: Shahbazi Masood , Heidari Mohammadreza , Ahmadzadeh Milad
Published: June 2024

Today motion simulators are being produced rely on electric actuators. The conventional way of dealing with high velocity, accelerations, and bulky payload is using a bigger actuator, but this leads to increased power usage and costs. To overcome these limitations, an optimized design of the Stewart platform design parameter improves simulators’ ability to support the weight of the equipment and satisfy the desired velocity and acceleration. However, it is challenging to set platform design parameters to maintain efficiency across the entire workspace. In this article, the kinematics and dynamics of the six-axis general Stewart robot are explored. A high-rated desired velocity and acceleration for the Stewart platform are defined and simulated. Then, the electric actuator force during some motion trajectory based on the defined workspace, velocity, and acceleration are calculated. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is employed to optimize platform design parameters. The algorithm defines a cost function to minimize the maximum speed and maximum Force of the actuator by examining the structural kinematics arrangement of design parameters. Findings demonstrate that optimized design parameters have been successful in reducing the maximum actuator power 88.3%. Additionally, improves Stewart platform mechanical components’ life. These procedures can be employed for any Stewart platform.
Intraoperative evaluation for endoleaks using the SCORPION procedure during endovascular aortic repair
Authors: Hosaka Itaru , Uzuka Takeshi , Miki Kyousuke , Shibata Tsuyoshi , Sasaki Akihiko , Kawaharada Nobuyoshi
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Endoleaks are important complications of endovascular aortic repair. Usually, endoleaks are judged indirectly by aortography or postoperative computed tomography. However, findings from these modalities are difficult to distinguish because of the divergency of endoleaks. Few studies have reported direct visualization of endoleaks. Herein, we introduce a direct procedure for intraoperatively evaluating endoleaks using angioscopy.

Methods

From April 2023, consecutive patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm, except emergency cases and those of narrow access, seen at Sunagawa City Medical Center were enrolled in our study. Endoleaks were detected by intraoperative angioscopy using a novel endovascular procedure.

Results

Seven patients underwent endovascular aortic repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm with intraoperative angioscopy. None of the enrolled patients experienced complications. The procedure revealed types 2, 3a, and 4 endoleaks.

Conclusions

This is the first study to demonstrate intraoperative visualization of endoleaks using angioscopy. Direct findings observed by this novel procedure might provide information on the velocity and volume of the endoleak, providing comprehensive insights into the intra-sac hemodynamics after the endovascular aortic repair.
Validity of Rating of Perceived Exertion Scales in Relation to Movement Velocity and Exercise Intensity During Resistance-Exercise: A Systematic Review
Authors: Petro Jorge L. , Ferrari Guido , Cardozo Luis A. , Vargas-Molina Salvador , Carbone Leandro , Kreider Richard B. , Bonilla Diego A.
Published: June 2024

Context:

Movement velocity (MV) may be a valid tool to evaluate and control the load in resistance training (RT). The rating of perceived exertion (RPE) also enables practical load management. The relationship between RPE and MV may be used to monitor RT intensity.

Objective:

To evaluate the validity and practicality of RPE scales related to MV and training intensity in resistance exercise. We hypothesize a positive correlation among RPE, MV, and load intensity in RT. Therefore, RPE may serve as a supplementary indicator in monitoring RT load.

Data Sources:

Boolean algorithms were used to search several databases (SPORTDiscus, EBSCO, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar).

Study Selection:

Studies published from 2009 to 2023 included clinical trials (randomized or not) in healthy female and male subjects that analyzed the relationship between different RPE scales and MV in basic RT exercises.

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Level of Evidence:

Level 3.

Results:

A total of 18 studies were selected using different RPE scales with reported MV training loads. Participants included RT and untrained male and female subjects (15-31 years old). Two RPE scales (OMNI-RES and repetitions in reserve) were used. The selected studies showed moderate positive correlations among these RPE scales, MV, and training load (eg, percentage of 1-repetition maximum [%1-RM]). In addition, equations have been developed to estimate %1-RM and MV loss based on the OMNI-RES scale.

Conclusion:

Studies show that RPE scales and MV constitute a valid, economic, and practical tool for assessing RT load progression and complementing other training monitoring variables. Exercise professionals should consider familiarizing participants with RPE scales and factors that might influence the perception of exertion (eg, level of training, motivation, and environmental conditions).
Police Use of Deadly Force in Serbia: The Police Officers’ Perception
Authors: Turanjanin Veljko , Otašević Božidar , Janković Bojan
Published: June 2024

The use of deadly force in the Republic of Serbia is regulated by the Law on Police and the Rulebook on Police Powers. Empirical research on the use of deadly force or on refraining from the use of deadly force has never been undertaken in Serbia. Therefore, the research presented in this paper is the first on this important topic. It focuses on the use of firearms, abstinence from the use of firearms, and training in the use of firearms. In order to assess the competence of members of the Police Directorate of the Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Serbia in the use of firearms (FA), a structured questionnaire developed by using close-ended, multiple-choice questions, and 5-point Likert scale questions (1 for strongly disagree to 5 for strongly agree) was used in the study. The research was conducted from September to October 2022. The research showed that the use of deadly force by members of the police in Serbia is rare, and that it generally does not differ largely from other European countries.
Navigating the Intersection of Post-Truth and Sustainability in Journalism: Challenges Facing Sustainable Journalism in Northern Cyprus Media
Authors: Uluşan Oshan , Özejder İbrahim
Published: June 2024

This study explores the challenges facing sustainable journalism practices in the post-truth era through interviews conducted with journalists in Northern Cyprus. Based on the perspectives of professionals in the field, the aim is to understand current issues related to the feasibility of ethical and sustainable journalism. The study indicates that challenges specific to the media field, compounded by the post-truth effect, relegate sustainable journalism practices to the sidelines. In this context, essential measures for the enduring success of media organizations include strategies like diversifying revenue sources, embracing digital subscription models, investigating alternative business models, enforcing transparent editorial policies, and actively involving readers. The study also reveals the effects of financial difficulties such as low salaries, limited budgets, and financial constraints on the professional practices of journalists through interviews. Furthermore, through interviews, it elucidates how technological changes, the rise of digital media, and the rapid dissemination of news affect journalists’ information control processes and knowledge management strategies. Finally, while contributing to our understanding of how journalists in Northern Cyprus confront challenges in the post-truth era, this study presents the factors that may have a negative impact on sustainable journalism practices through an example and offers insights into common problems that may be encountered in this regard.
Does Early Treatment With Teriparatide Prevent the Need for Surgical Intervention in Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures
Authors: Nair Vishnu Vikraman , Kundnani Vishal
Published: June 2024

Study Design

Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of early administration of Teriparatide in preventing the necessity of surgical intervention in individuals with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.

Methods

In a 24-month follow-up retrospective analysis, 191 OVCF patients from January 2016 to October 2020 were randomly assigned to Non teriparatide Group A (n = 104) or Group B teriparatide (n = 87). At baseline, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years following treatment, demographic data and need of surgical intervention, VAS, ODI, union rates, and kyphosis development, were examined.

Results

Our study found that non-teriparatide group individuals had an 11.53% higher risk of non-union formation that required surgery. Only 8.63% of teriparatide group patients needed surgery. Both groups had significant VAS score reductions. Non-teriparatide group scores declined from 8.38 ± 0.74 to 3.15 ± 1.40, while teriparatide group scores decreased from 8.49 ± 0.73 to 1.11 ± 0.31. The 2-year follow-up ODI scores significantly decreased, with values of 25.02 ± 13.94 for non-teriparatide patients and 15.11 ± 2.17 for teriparatide patients. The kyphosis progression angles in the teriparatide group were considerably lower (4.97 ± 0.78°) compared to the other group (8.09 ± 1.25°).

Conclusion

With increasing elderly populations, it is necessary to take measures to prevent surgical intervention in osteoporotic spinal compression fractures. Teriparatide can be employed as an early medication in the management of these fractures to avert non-union and the minimise the progression of kyphosis.
Exploring Students’ Perceived Values, Cost, and Barriers for Inclusive and Diverse Entrepreneurial Ecosystems
Authors: Kulturel-Konak Sadan , Konak Abdullah , Leung Ada
Published: June 2024

Student innovation competitions and programs (ICPs), including hackathons, start-up competitions, and customer discovery labs, have had a transformative impact on the higher education entrepreneurial ecosystem. They have also facilitated students’ experiences in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM). However, there is a disparity in the number of underrepresented students and dominant student groups participating in STEM fields. While research supports the benefits of ICP participation, literature discussing students’ perceptions of these programs remains limited. This study addresses three research questions about participation motivation (perceived values and associated costs), participation barriers, and differing perceptions among groups. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with 38 students (25 females/13 males, 17 participants/21 non-participants). The analysis focused on the Situated Expectancy-Value Theory (SEVT) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The research findings contribute to fostering diversity and inclusion within educational or professional environments by uncovering values (e.g., acquiring professional skills) and costs (e.g., opportunity costs) that students associate with motivation to engage in ICPs. Institutional and individual barriers were identified, including limited program awareness, lack of diversity, and identity mismatch. Therefore, the study intends to inform STEM educators and ICP organizers, foster inclusivity and diversity in the entrepreneurial ecosystem, and offer guidance for interventions.
Tools for tomorrow: a scoping review of patient-facing tools for advance care planning
Authors: Riley Sean R. , Voisin Christiane , Stevens Erin E. , Bose-Brill Seuli , Moss Karen O.
Published: June 2024

Advance care planning (ACP) supports individuals in aligning their medical care with personal values and preferences in the face of serious illness. The variety of ACP tools available reflects diverse strategies intended to facilitate these critical conversations, yet evaluations of their effectiveness often show mixed results. Following the Arskey and O’Malley framework, this scoping review aims to synthesize the range of ACP tools targeted at patients and families, highlighting their characteristics and delivery methods to better understand their impact and development over time. Studies included focused on patient-facing ACP tools across all settings and mediums. Exclusions were applied to studies solely targeting healthcare providers or those only aiming at completion of advance directives without broader ACP discussions. Searches were conducted across PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Data were extracted using a predesigned spreadsheet, capturing study population, setting, intervention modality, and intervention theme. Tools were categorized by delivery method and further analyzed through a year-wise distribution to track trends and developments. We identified 99 unique patient-facing tools, with those focusing on counseling (31) and video technologies (21) being the most prevalent while others incorporated online platforms, print materials, games, or some combination of different delivery methods. Over half the tools were designed for specific patient groups, especially for various diseases and racial or ethnic communities. Recent years showed a surge in tool variety and innovation, including integrated patient portals and psychological techniques. The review demonstrates a broad array of innovative ACP tools that facilitate personalized and effective ACP. Our findings contribute to an enhanced understanding of their utilization and potential impacts, offering valuable insights for future tool development and policy making in ACP.
Linkage to Care Outcomes Following Treatment in A Low-Threshold Substance Use Disorder Bridge Clinic
Authors: Casey Sarah K. , Howard Sydney , Regan Susan , Romero Alison , Powell Elizabeth A. , Kehoe Laura , Kane Martha T. , Wakeman Sarah E.
Published: June 2024

Background:

Treatment for substance use disorders (SUD) remains low in the United States. To better meet needs of people who use alcohol and other drugs, low threshold bridge clinics which offer treatment without barrier and harm reduction services have gained prevalence. Bridge clinics work to surmount barriers to care by providing same day medication and treatment for SUD and eventually transitioning patients to community-based treatment providers. In this study, we examine SUD treatment outcomes among patients who transitioned out of a bridge clinic.

Methods:

This is a retrospective cohort study of posttreatment outcomes of patients seen at an urban medical center’s bridge clinic between 2017 and 2022. The primary outcome was being in care anywhere at time of follow-up. We also examined the proportion of patients who completed each step of the cascade of care following transfer: connection to transfer clinic, completion of a clinic visit, retention in care, and medication use among those remaining in care at the transfer clinic. We examined the association of different bridge clinic services with still being in care anywhere and the association between successful transfer with being in care and taking medication at follow-up.

Results:

Of 209 eligible participants, 63 were surveyed. Sixty-five percent of participants identified as male, 74% as white, 12% as Hispanic, 6% as Black, and 16% were unhoused. Most participants (78%) reported being connected to SUD treatment from the Bridge Clinic, and 37% remained in care at the same facility at the time of survey. Eighty-four percent reported being in treatment anywhere and 68% reported taking medication for SUD at follow-up, with most participants reporting taking buprenorphine (46%).

Conclusion:

Of those participants who transitioned out of a bridge clinic into community-based SUD care, 78% were successfully connected to ongoing care and 84% were still in care at follow-up.
Electrophysiological characteristics and catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias arising from the superior septal left ventricle
Authors: Liu Qifang , Tian Ye , Jiang Zhi , Tian Longhai , Huang Jing , Yang Ying , Yang Long
Published: June 2024

Background and aims

Electrophysiological characteristics and radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) originating from the superior septal left ventricle (SSLV) have not yet been fully characterized.

Methods and results

This study included 247 patients who underwent RFCA for PVCs arising from the ventricular outflow tract between February 2020 and August 2022. The successful ablation site was on the SSLV in 37 of the 247 patients. In 12 (32.4%) of those 37 patients, a low amplitude and high frequency spiky potential (SP) was recognized. Five patients showed a narrow QRS duration (86.8 ± 4.6 ms), with a discrete SP observed in PVCs and sinus rhythm, which showed an isoelectric line with the ventricular electrogram at the earliest activation site. Seven patients showed a wide QRS duration (131.6 ± 4.5 ms), with SP observed in PVCs without an isoelectric line with the ventricular electrogram. RFCA was successful at the site of the earliest SP in all 12 patients. The time from SP onset at the successful ablation site to the QRS onset (local activation time) was 30 ± 12 ms, which differed significantly from that for the remaining 25 patients withoutSP(22.1 ± 7.1 ms, P < 0.05).

Conclusions

SPs were recorded in 12 (32.4%) of the 37 patients with PVCs originating from the SSLV. The morphology of the PVCs may show a narrow or wide QRS duration and the target site for successful ablation should be identified by the earliest SP.
Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of The Aorta (REBOA) And Mortality in Hemorrhagic Shock Associated with Severe Pelvic Fracture: a National Data Analysis
Authors: Ahmed Nasim , Kuo Yen-Hong
Published: June 2024

Background

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the mortality of patients who received Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of The Aorta (REBOA) in severe pelvic fracture with hemorrhagic shock.

Methods

The American College of Surgeon Trauma Quality Improvement Program (ACS-TQIP) database for the calendar years 2017–2019 was accessed for the study. The study included all patients aged 15 years and older who sustained severe pelvic fractures, defined as an injury with an abbreviated injury scale (AIS) score of ≥ 3, and who presented with the lowest systolic blood pressure (SBP) of < 90 mmHg. Patients with severe brain injury were excluded from the study. Propensity score matching was used to compare the patients who received REBOA with similar characteristics to patients who did not receive REBOA.

Results

Out of 3,186 patients who qualified for the study, 35(1.1%) patients received REBOA for an ongoing hemorrhagic shock with severe pelvic fracture. The propensity matching created 35 pairs of patients. The pair-matched analysis showed no significant differences between the group who received REBOA and the group that did not receive REBOA regarding patients’ demography, injury severity, severity of pelvic fractures, lowest blood pressure at initial assessment and laparotomies. There was no significant difference found between REBOA versus no REBOA group in overall in-hospital mortality (34.3% vs. 28.6, P = 0.789).

Conclusion

Our study did not identify any mortality advantage in patients who received REBOA in hemorrhagic shock associated with severe pelvic fracture compared to a similar cohort of patients who did not receive REBOA. A larger sample size prospective study is needed to validate our results.

Case–control retrospective study

Level of Evidence IV.
Malaria in under-five children: prevalence and multi-factor analysis of high-risk African countries
Authors: Mbishi Jackline Vicent , Chombo Suleiman , Luoga Pankras , Omary Huda Jaffar , Paulo Heavenlight A. , Andrew John , Addo Isaac Yeboah
Published: June 2024

Background

Malaria remains a significant public health challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), particularly affecting under-five (UN5) children. Despite global efforts to control the disease, its prevalence in high-risk African countries continues to be alarming, with records of substantial morbidity and mortality rates. Understanding the association of multiple childhood, maternal, and household factors with malaria prevalence, especially among vulnerable young populations, is crucial for effective intervention strategies.

Objective

This study examines the prevalence of malaria among UN5 children in selected high-risk SSA countries and analyzes its association with various childhood, maternal, and household factors.

Methods

Data from the Malaria Indicator Surveys (MIS) spanning from 2010 to 2023 were analyzed. A weighted sample of 35,624 UN5 children from seven countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) known for high malaria prevalence was considered in the analyses. Descriptive statistics and modified Poisson regression analysis were used to assess the association of multiple factors with malaria prevalence. Stata version 15 software was used in analyzing the data and statistical significance was set at a 5% significance level.

Results

The overall pooled prevalence of malaria among the studied population was 26.2%, with substantial country-specific variations observed. In terms of child factors, a child’s age was significantly associated with malaria prevalence (APR = 1.010, 95% CI: 1.007–1.012). Children of mothers with higher education levels (APR for higher education = 0.586, 95% CI: 0.425–0.806) and Fansidar uptake during pregnancy (APR = 0.731, 95% CI: 0.666–0.802) were associated with lower malaria risk. Children from middle-wealth (APR = 0.783, 95% CI: 0.706–0.869) and rich (APR = 0.499, 95% CI: 0.426–0.584) households had considerably lower malaria prevalence compared to those from poor households. Additionally, rural residency was associated with a higher risk of malaria compared to urban residency (APR = 1.545, 95% CI: 1.255–1.903).

Conclusion

The study highlights a notable malaria prevalence among under-five (UN5) children in high-risk SSA countries, influenced significantly by factors such as maternal education, Fansidar uptake during pregnancy, socioeconomic status, and residency. These findings underscore the importance of targeted malaria prevention strategies that address these key determinants to effectively reduce the malaria burden in this vulnerable population.
End-to-end pseudonymization of fine-tuned clinical BERT models
Authors: Vakili Thomas , Henriksson Aron , Dalianis Hercules
Published: June 2024

Many state-of-the-art results in natural language processing (NLP) rely on large pre-trained language models (PLMs). These models consist of large amounts of parameters that are tuned using vast amounts of training data. These factors cause the models to memorize parts of their training data, making them vulnerable to various privacy attacks. This is cause for concern, especially when these models are applied in the clinical domain, where data are very sensitive.

Training data pseudonymization is a privacy-preserving technique that aims to mitigate these problems. This technique automatically identifies and replaces sensitive entities with realistic but non-sensitive surrogates. Pseudonymization has yielded promising results in previous studies. However, no previous study has applied pseudonymization to both the pre-training data of PLMs and the fine-tuning data used to solve clinical NLP tasks.

This study evaluates the effects on the predictive performance of end-to-end pseudonymization of Swedish clinical BERT models fine-tuned for five clinical NLP tasks. A large number of statistical tests are performed, revealing minimal harm to performance when using pseudonymized fine-tuning data. The results also find no deterioration from end-to-end pseudonymization of pre-training and fine-tuning data. These results demonstrate that pseudonymizing training data to reduce privacy risks can be done without harming data utility for training PLMs.