bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERAN PEREMPUAN TERHADAP TINGKAT PENGANGGURAN DI KABUPATEN/KOTA PROVINSI BALI
Authors: Halomoan Novriesco Aichiro , Purwanti Putu Ayu Pramitha
Published: January 2024

This phenomenon shows people's efforts to achieve gender equality in the currenti erai of globalizationi. The ipurpose iof this study iwas toi look at the simultaneous and partial effects of the GEM variables, women's lifei expectancyi, average lengthi of schoolingi for girls, and district/city Labor Force Participation Rate on response rates in districts/cities in Bali Province. This study uses paneil datai which is a icombination of time seriesi datai and cross isection data. This research was conducted within the last ten years, namely 2010-2020 in 9 regencies/cities of Bali Province. The data collected was ithen analyzed iusing panel idata  iregression analysis techniques. The results of the study show that simultaneously the Gender Empowerment Index, women's life expectancy, the average length of schooling for women and the Labor Force Participation Rate have a significant effect on the level of stimulation in the districts/cities of the Province of Bali. Meanwhile, the Gender Empowerment Index, women's life expectancy, the average length of schooling for women and the Labor Force Participation Rate partially have a significant negative effect on response rates in the districts/cities of Bali Province.

keyword: GEM, women’s life expectancy, average length of schooling for women, labor force participation rate
PENGARUH STATUS PEKERJAAN, KESEHATAN, DAN JUMLAH TANGGUNGAN KELUARGA TERHADAP PENGELUARAN KONSUMSI RUMAH TANGGA DI KOTA DENPASAR
Authors: Ariyani Gusti Ayu Nyoman Dewi , Saskara Ida Ayu Nyoman
Published: January 2024

This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the effect of income, employment status, health, and number of family dependents on household consumption expenditures in Denpasar City either simultaneously or partially, as well as to determine the moderating effect of income and employment status on household consumption expenditures in Denpasar City. This research was conducted in Denpasar City. The choice of this location is because the City of Denpasar is the capital of the Province of Bali which is a Regency/City with the largest average monthly consumption per capita in the 2019-2021 period among other Regencies/Cities, however it fluctuates every year. The population used in this study were the heads of families in Denpasar City, namely 170,377 heads of families with a sample of 100 people. Taking the number of samples was determined using the proportional random sampling method. The analysis technique used is moderation regression analysis. The results of the analysis show that income has a positive and significant effect on consumption, employment status has a negative and significant effect on consumption, health has a positive and significant effect on consumption and the number of dependents has a positive and significant effect on consumption. Income can moderate employment status positively on consumption.

keyword: Income, Employment Status, Health, Number of Dependent, Consumption spending
Pengaruh Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) dan Pemanfaatan Teknologi Terhadap Produktivitas Serta Pendapatan UMKM Bidang Kuliner di Kota Denpasar
Authors: Windya Dewi Ni Putu Ayu Putri , Bendesa I Komang Gde
Published: January 2024

Until now, MSMEs engaged in the culinary sector in the Bali Province area, especially in Denpasar City, continue to face various factors that influence their competition. Therefore, it is important to understand the elements that affect the productivity and income of MSMEs in the culinary sector in the Denpasar City area. This study aims to 1) Analyze the influence of KUR and the use of technology on the productivity and income of MSMEs in the culinary sector 2) Analyze the indirect influence of KUR and the use of technology on income through productivity. The samples used were 99 units using accidental sampling techniques. This research uses path analysis techniques. The results of the study concluded that 1) KUR and the use of technology directly have a positive effect on the productivity of MSMEs in the culinary sector in Denpasar City. 2) KUR and productivity directly have a positive effect on the income of MSMEs in the culinary sector in Denpasar City and the use of technology directly does not have a positive effect on the income of MSMEs in the culinary sector in Denpasar City. 3) KUR and the use of technology indirectly have a significant effect on income through productivity in culinary MSMEs in Denpasar City.

Keywords: productivity, income, people's business credit, technology utilization
The nature of dispensing errors in hospital pharmacy; a systematic review
Authors: Alnami Ibrahim , Otaify Abdulrahman , Alaajam Ibrahim , Hatan Ibrahim , Abujarrah Alhussain , Muharraq Ibrahim , Moraya Shoaib , Abuhadi Shoaa , Faqih Samah , Tawashi Faiza
Published: January 2024

Medication errors can result in several unfavorable outcomes. Dispensing medication is the fundamental function of pharmaceutical care. Dispensing error is the discrepancy between the prescription and the drug delivered to the patients. The rates of dispensing errors vary in the literature across different countries and settings, and there are several forms and a wide range of dispensing errors as well as various causes. Hence, this review aimed to identify the prevalence, types, and causes of dispensing errors in hospital pharmacy by reviewing the previous studies that investigated this subject. Obtaining eligible articles required exploration of electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Elsevier, Springer, and Google Scholar. The exploration process involved using search terms such as \"Nature, Prevalence, Incidence, Types, Causes, Dispensing errors, Hospital Pharmacy, Hospitals, and Rate\". The inclusion criteria were English original articles reported dispensing errors in hospital pharmacies published after the year 2016. A total of seven studies were included as they met the inclusion criteria. The studies were from six countries with a total number of prescriptions of 66,849. The nature of dispensing errors included prevalence rates, types, and causes of dispensing errors. Dispensing errors in hospital pharmacies are a significant issue that varies between different studies, even hospital settings. The major dispensing errors included labeling errors, content errors, and documentation errors. There were various factors that led to such dispensing errors, including a shift of work, heavy work, similar drug names and packaging, poor handwriting, interruption, a high number of drugs, and quantified drugs.
Recombinant DNA technology: revolutionizing regenerative medicine and empowering nanotechnology strategies
Authors: Lakshmi Mallela , Dhanu A. S. , Swamy G. G. , Murugesan Karthikeyan , Radhakrishnan Anjuna , Murali Uthamalingam , Jagannathan S. , Elango Boojhana , Mathanmohun Maghimaa , Basalingappa Kanthesh M.
Published: January 2024

In the past century, the concept of controlling gene expressions to enhance desirable traits in living organisms through recombinant DNA technology was merely a concept. However, in recent times, this field has made significant advancements, offering unique benefits to human life. Recombinant DNA technology allows for the safe, accessible, and abundant production of crucial proteins needed for addressing various health issues. Through laboratory methods of genetic manipulation, scientists generate recombinant DNA molecules by merging genetic material from various origins that wouldn’t naturally occur within organisms. Although the chemical structure of DNA is the same across all organisms, the nucleotide sequences vary. The application of recombinant DNA technology extends to diverse fields such as regenerative medicine, nanotechnology, and tissue engineering, allowing for the production of proteins with specific characteristics and effectiveness. This article will delve into the prevalent applications of recombinant DNA technology within fundamental research, highlighting its crucial role in contemporary endeavours across the realms of biological and biomedical sciences, particularly within the fields of regenerative medicine and nanotechnology.
To the formation of ethnic image in the media: an attempt at periodization
Authors: Semenova Varvara Sergeevna , Lazutova Natal'ya Mikhailovna
Published: January 2024

The article studies the process of modeling of ethnic image in the Russian media space. The media texts of the "Argumenty i Fakty" portal were used as empirics. The aim is to create a periodization for studying the processes of media communication in the formation of national image. The article reveals linguistic and stylistic peculiarities of the content and specificity of emotional and evaluative elements of the format of AiF journalistic materials about representatives of Caucasian ethnic groups, and states the presence of destructive stereotypes in media texts. The relevance of the material is explained by the negative consequences of interethnic confrontations, including those caused by conflictogenic texts in the media of the late twentieth century. The methodology of historical-semantic and cognitive-metaphorical analysis was applied, which revealed the linguistic structures at the basis of the formation of the audience's attitude towards the Caucasian peoples. After the collapse of the USSR, journalists used the construction "us and them", indirectly formed a negative reputation of national minorities, created barriers to their integration into the Russian identity, thus increasing socio-psychological tension in society, increasing social distance, influencing the processes of discrimination and isolation of the peoples of the Caucasus. In the modern global practice of convergence, "subject-to-subject" processes of mass communications, the influential potential of broadcast content has increased manifold. State control over the editorial policy of mass media should be strengthened, and personal responsibility of professional journalists for their work should be actualized. It is also necessary to support media education initiatives to increase the media literacy of the media audience. The results of the study can be used to rethink strategies for creating and promoting ethnic content.
Correlação entre a gravidade da síndrome de apneia hipopneia obstrutiva do sono em mulheres pós menopausa e obesas
Authors: Nascimento Aliny Priscilla do , Pereira Thúlio Nilson do Nascimento , Bezerra Priscila Porto Carreiro , Costa Thacianna Barreto da , Castro Célia Maria Machado Barbosa de , Chaves Cintia , Palma Mariza Brandão , Soares Anísio Francisco
Published: January 2024

Objetivo: Investigar a relação entre a síndrome de apneia hipopneia obstrutiva do sono (SAHOS), obesidade e marcadores de estresse oxidativo em mulheres obesas pós-menopausa. Métodos: Participaram deste estudo experimental um total de 28 pacientes do sexo feminino. As pacientes foram divididas em três grupos de acordo com sua classificação no Índice de Apneia/Hipopneia (IAH): G1 (11 indivíduos) com IAH ≤ 5 e IMC ≥ 29,9 kg/m2; G2 (9 indivíduos) com 5 ≥ IAH ≤ 15 e IMC ≥ 29,9 kg/m2; G3 (8 indivíduos) com IAH ≥ 15 e IMC ≥ 29,9 kg/m2. Foram avaliadas a produção de superóxido, nitritos e nitratos séricos nessas pacientes, correlacionando-os com o IAH. Resultados: Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos em relação à produção dos marcadores de estresse oxidativo. Além disso, não foram encontradas correlações significativas entre a produção de superóxido e nitritos/nitratos séricos e o índice de apneia hipopneia (IAH) (r = 0,161; p = 0,074 e r = -0,357; p = 0,385, respectivamente). Conclusão: Em mulheres obesas pós-menopausa, não há correlação entre a gravidade da síndrome de apneia hipopneia obstrutiva do sono e os marcadores de estresse oxidativo avaliados.
Prevalência de Burnout em médicos no contexto da pandemia pela COVID-19
Authors: Paulin Carolina Policeno , Rezende Jéssica de Oliveira Veloso
Published: January 2024

Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de burnout entre médicos durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada através de pesquisa nas bases de dados eletrônicos: PubMed e SciELO, selecionando 23 estudos relevantes publicados entre 2020 e 2023. Resultados: O inquérito mais utilizado para mensurar a presença de burnout em médicos foi o Maslash Burnout Inventory (MBI). A prevalência de Síndrome de Burnout variou de 21,55% a 40,1% considerando este inquérito. Altos índices de burnout em médicos durante a pandemia foram atribuídos a fatores, como: escassez e equipamentos de proteção individual, sexo feminino, menor tempo de experiência profissional, exposição constante à doença e ao sofrimento, carga de trabalho excessiva, turnos prolongados e noturnos, falta de suporte organizacional. Considerações finais: A implementação de medidas preventivas e intervenções eficazes são essenciais para reduzir o risco de burnout e promover a saúde e o bem-estar destes profissionais. Estudos futuros sobre burnout no que tange a sua definição, ferramentas de avaliação e estudos comparativos que avaliem intervenções em diferentes contextos organizacionais, ajudarão a desenvolver programas de intervenção eficientes que permitam prevenir e mitigar o aparecimento de burnout em médicos.
Feed contamination with mycotoxins in the Vologda region
Authors: Платонов А.В. , Артамонов И.В. , Рассохина И.И.
Published: January 2024

Цель исследований — изучение поражённости микотоксинами различных видов заготавливаемых кормов в хозяйствах Вологодской области. Задача исследований — оценка степени контаминации микотоксинами различных видов кормов. Образцы для анализа были представлены преимущественно силосом различного состава (75% образцов), поскольку это основной тип заготавливаемого хозяйствами Вологодской области сочного корма. Остальные 25% представлены сеном, сенажом, зерном, единичными образцами комбикормов и жмыхов. Оценка содержания микотоксинов в кормах выполнялась методом иммуноферментного анализа с помощью стандартных тест-систем. Исследования, проведённые с более чем 100 образцами корма, показали, что в их большей части содержатся микотоксины в том или ином количестве. Во всех исследованных пробах зерна, жмыхов, комбикормов и сенажа микотоксины обнаружены, однако их содержание было ниже ПДК. Среди 74 исследованных образцов силоса лишь два не содержали токсины, почти у 40% содержание микотоксинов либо превышало установленные нормы для кормовой продукции, либо находилось в непосредственной близости от таковых. При выполнении работы установлено, что практически во всех кормах, самостоятельно заготавливаемых хозяйствами, присутствовали микотоксины. Так как ранее подобных исследований кормов, заготавливаемых в Вологодской области, не проводилось, результаты настоящего предварительного исследования дают основания предполагать, что, во-первых, требуется более тщательный контроль кормов, по возможности на всех этапах, во-вторых хозяйствам следует предпринимать превентивные меры по деконтаминации заготавливаемого материала, в-третьих, целесообразно вводить в рационы адсорбирующие добавки в случаях, когда превентивные меры использовать по каким-либо причинам невозможно.

The aim of this research was to test the level of mycotoxin contamination of the feed in the Vologda region. Most samples (75%) were taken from silage of various composition since farms of the Vologda region mostly produce this type of forage. The rest (25%) were hay, haylage, grain, feedstuff and cake. Standard ELISA test was used to assess the concentration of mycotoxins in fodder. Testing over 100 feed samples showed that most of them contained different quantity of mycotoxins. The samples of grain, cake, feedstuff and haylage had mycotoxin level below maximum permissible concentration. Among 74 silage samples only two were free from mycotoxins. Around 40% showed the concentration over or close to the maximum permissible level. Almost all the farm feeds contained mycotoxins. Since such analyses have not been previously conducted in the Vologda region, the results of this preliminary testing suggest that more careful control of feed is required, possibly at all stages of fodder production. Moreover, farms should conduct preventive decontamination of the harvested mass or introduce adsorbent additives into livestock diets.
Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) from Leaf Extract of Carthamus oxycantha and its In Vitro Biological Applications
Authors:   Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan, Wahab Abdul , Waqas Muhammad ,   Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan, Urooj Sidra ,   Atta-U-Rehman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science and Technology, Pakistan, Tariq Hasnat ,   Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan, Abbasi Zeeshan Younas ,   Department of Biological sciences, International Islamic University, Pakistan, Ali Mohammad ,   Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Pakistan, Hano Christophe ,   Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d’Orléans, CNRS, France, Abbasi Bilal Haider ,   Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan
Published: January 2024

Nanotechnology and nanosciences are emerging as new fast-growing fields due to their unique characteristics and phenomenal properties. In this study, we synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) by using leaf extract of Carthamus oxycantha. The morphological features of synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated by standard characterization techniques. The synthesized nanoparticles were irregular and hexagonal, and their average size was 11nm, as revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray crystallography (XRD). Flavonoids and other phytochemicals were found to be capping metabolites for the nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles showed significant inhibition of bacterial and fungal strains. The cytotoxicity assay showed 80% mortality of the marine larvae Artemia salina at a sample concentration of 40μg/ml. The crystallized ZnO NPs exhibited toxicity against MFC-7 breast cancer cells and displayed higher antioxidants profile i.e. free radical scavenging activity (76.824±1.22%), total reducing power (90.21±1.12μgAAE/mg), total antioxidant potential (72.936±0.93 μgAAE/mg). Quantity of 80 μg/ml of ZnO NPs resulted in 11.69±0.41% hemolysis against human red blood cells. Due to their potent biological activities, ZnO NPs synthesized from the leaf extract of Carthamus oxycantha could be used efficiently in transdisciplinary research in the future.
Will We Witness Enzymatic or Pd-(Oligopeptide) Catalysis in Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reactions?
Authors: Petrova Vlada V. , Solovev Yaroslav V. , Porozov Yuri B. , Polynski Mikhail V.
Published: January 2024

Despite the development of numerous advanced ligands for Pd-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reactions, the potential of (oligo)peptides serving as ligands has remained largely unexplored. This study demonstrates, via DFT modeling, that (oligo)peptide ligands can exhibit superior activity compared to classic phosphines in these reactions. The utilization of natural amino acids such as Met, SeMet, and His offers strong binding of the Pd center, thereby ensuring substantial stability of the system. The increasing sustainability and economic viability of (oligo)peptide synthesis open new prospects for applying Pd-(oligo)peptide systems as greener catalysts. The feasibility of de novo engineering an artificial Pd-based enzyme for Suzuki cross-coupling is discussed, laying the groundwork for future innovations in catalytic systems.
Ruthenium catalyst with a planar-chiral arene ligand: synthesis, separation of enantiomers, and application in C-H activation of N-methoxy-benzamides
Authors: Boym Mikhail , Pototskiy Roman , Podyacheva Evgeniya , Chusov Denis , Nelyubina Yulia , Perekalin Dmitry
Published: January 2024

Heating tert-butyl-tetraline with [(p-cymene)RuCl2]2 produces the racemic complex [(arene)RuCl2]2, which can be separated into enantiomers by chromatography of its diastereomeric adducts with chiral phosphine ligand. The resolved chiral complex catalyzes C-H activation of N-methoxy-benzamides and their annulation with N-vinyl-pivaloyl amide giving dihydroisoquinolones in 50-90% yields and 70:30-90:10 enantiomeric ratio.
Affinity of nicotinoids to a model nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) binding pocket in the human brain
Authors: Santis Garrett , Okura Yuika , Hirata Keisuke , Ishiuchi Shun-Ichi , Fujii Masaaki , Xantheas Sotiris
Published: January 2024

The binding affinity of nicotinoids to the binding residues of the a4b2 variant of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) was identified as a strong predictor of the nicotinoid's addictive character. Using ab-initio calculations for model binding pockets of increasing size comprising of 3, 6, and 14 amino acids (3AA, 6AA, and 14AA) that are derived from the crystal structure, the differences in binding affinity of 6 nicotinoids, namely nicotine (NIC), nornicotine (NOR), anabasine (ANB), anatabine (ANT), myosmine (MYO), and cotinine (COT) were correlated to their previously reported doses required for increases in intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) thresholds, a metric for addictive characteristics. By employing the many body decomposition, differences in the binding affinities of the various nicotinoids could be attributed mainly to the proton exchange energy between the Pyridine and non-Pyridine rings of the nicotinoids and the interactions between them and a handful of proximal amino acids, namely Typ156, Typb57, Tyr100, and Tyr204. Interactions between the guest nicotinoid and the amino acids of the binding pocket were found to be mainly classical in nature, except for those between the nicotinoid and Typ156. The larger pockets were found to model binding structures more accurately and predicted the addictive character of all nicotinoids. Smaller models, which are more computationally feasible, would only predict the addictive character of nicotinoids similar to that of nicotine. The present study identifies the binding affinity of the guest nicotinoid to the host binding pocket as a strong descriptor of the nicotinoid's addiction potential and as such it can be employed as a fast screening technique for the potential addiction of nicotine analogs.
Unmasking the purity: reviewingsources and detection methods of organic volatile impurities
Authors: Endluri Dharmik Chandu , Sakhinamma Chejerla , Chandra Y. Prapurna
Published: January 2024

Organic Volatile Impurities (OVIs) are residual solvents present in pharmaceutical products as a byproduct of the manufacturing process. These solvents, used in the creation of pharmacological compounds and excipients, often remain in trace amounts in the final medicinal formulations. Their presence is not only a matter of product purity but also of safety, as OVIs can pose significant health risks and environmental hazards. This paper delves into the classification of these residual solvents based on their toxicity levels, offering insights into which solvents are most hazardous and thus require stringent control. It emphasizes the importance of meticulously analyzing these impurities as a critical aspect of quality control in drug production. Additionally, the discussion extends to the methods typically employed for evaluating OVIs, highlighting the limitations of standard production techniques in completely removing these solvents. This leads to a consideration of strategies for minimizing the use of organic solvents in pharmaceutical manufacturing, an essential step towards safer and more sustainable practices. The paper concludes with a look at future trends in detecting and managing OVIs, indicating ongoing developments in this important area of pharmaceutical research and quality assurance.
Correlation of Serum Th1/Th2 Cytokines with Insulin Resistance in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Cao Chenyuan , Wang Bei , Li Rui , An Yan , Wang Fang , Huang Yuxiang , Qin Jinjin
Published: January 2024

Objective: To investigate the correlation between serum Th1/Th2 cytokines and insulin resistance in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: A total of 50 cases of pregnant women diagnosed with GDM and 50 healthy pregnant women who visited the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from January 2019 to December 2022 were recruited and divided into the GDM group and control group. Serum Th1/Th2 cytokines were observed and analyzed. Results: In the GDM group, serum IFN-γ levels were significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.01), while there was no statistically significant difference in IL-4 levels (P > 0.05). Within the GDM group, HOMA-IR showed a positive correlation with IFN-γ (r = 0.67, P < 0.01) and no correlation with IL-4 (r = 0.19, P > 0.05). Within the control group, HOMA-IR did not correlate with either IFN-γ or IL-4 (r = 0.23, P > 0.05; r = 0.15, P > 0.05). Conclusion: The study concludes that the serum Th1 cytokine IFN-γ is correlated with insulin resistance in GDM, providing a novel perspective on the pathogenesis of GDM. Future studies should further explore the mechanisms and interventions to offer improved treatment options for patients with GDM.
Analysis of the Effect and Efficiency of Transcutaneous Acupoint Electrical Stimulation in the Treatment of Chronic Pelvic Pain in the Sequelae of Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Wang Xinping , Wang Ping
Published: January 2024

Objective: To analyze the effect of transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation in the treatment of chronic pelvic pain following sequelae of pelvic inflammatory diseases. Methods: Fifty cases of chronic pelvic pain patients with sequelae of pelvic inflammatory diseases, who visited the hospital between June 2022 and June 2023, were selected and randomly divided into the experimental group and control group using a computerized lottery method. The control group received treatment with painkillers, while the experimental group underwent transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation. Symptoms, signs, and pain levels were observed before and after the treatment, and clinical effects between the two groups were compared. Results: Patients in the experimental group exhibited lower PPI, VAS, PRI, and other pain scores compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, symptoms and signs scores in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Following treatment, the quality-of-life scores for patients in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The experimental group had a higher overall treatment effective rate of 96% as compared to the control group (76%; P < 0.05). Conclusion: The application of transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation significantly reduced the degree of pelvic pain in patients with sequelae of pelvic inflammatory diseases. This intervention enhanced the overall clinical effect and promoted an improvement in the patient’s quality of life.
Enhancing Obstructive Pregnancy Teaching in Chinese Medicine Gynecology Through PBL and Flipped Classroom
Authors: Chen Xiujun , Liang Dan , Wang Ming , Chang Qiuyun , Hao Yue
Published: January 2024

With the advancement of medical specialties, there arises a crucial need in today’s society for the continual development of high-quality medical talents and physicians. Traditional teaching models have become inadequate to meet the current demands of teaching Chinese medicine gynecology. To further advance the implementation of the student-centered education concept, the Teaching and Research Office of Chinese Medicine Gynecology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine has embraced a teaching approach that combines problem-based learning (PBL) with a flipped classroom model, specifically applied to the chapter “Traditional Chinese Medicine Gynecology – Obstruction of Pregnancy.” This paper delves into the PBL combined with flipped classroom teaching mode, discussing its effectiveness and laying out specific requirements for both teachers and students. These efforts aim to establish a robust foundation for the cultivation of clinical and practical medical talents.
First Results of the Comprehensive Analysis, Including the Paleomagnetic Studies, of Sediment Cores from the East Siberian Sea
Authors: Elkina D. V. , Gusev E. A. , Ryabchuk D. V. , Sergeev A. Yu. , Kostromina N. A. , Novikhina E. S. , Gostenina A. A. , Yarzhembovsky Ya. D. , Piskarev A. L. , Krylov A. A. , Ovanesyan G. I, , Zhamoida V. A.
Published: January 2024

The bottom sediments of the Russian Arctic seas have been studied to varying degrees. The least attention has been paid to the East Siberian Sea, the Quaternary geology of which remains largely overlooked. This article summarizes the results of a comprehensive research on the East Siberian Sea, including the first paleomagnetic analysis of nine sediment cores collected during three cruise expeditions as part of the program “State Geological Mapping of the Territory and Continental Shelf of the Russian Federation at the Scale of 1:1 000 000”. The results obtained show that the processes and conditions of sedimentation vary in different parts of the East Siberian Sea.
Study of snake Bite clinical signs , Complication and Management
Authors: K. Abdul-Kareem Hazem
Published: January 2024

Background: venomous snake bite represent an environmental health risk in Al- diwanyiah districts.Objectives: to find out the epidemiology, complications ,mortality due to venomous snakebites & the effectiveness of tranexamic acid in the treatment of coagulopathy caused by snakebites in the absence of specific antivenin.Patients & methods: the study involved 65 victims of snakebite admitted to the medical ward in Al-diwanyia teaching hospital. Information were collected regarding age,sex,geographical origin areas affected, severity & complications including death .The effectiveness of tranexamic acid in the treatment of coagulopathy analyzed by Chisquare.Results: 95.5% of victims lived in remote rural areas of Al-Diwaniah districts.66.1% had bleeding at time of admission. The annual mortality rate was 24.4%. Early fasciotomy seemed to worsen the prognosis.Tranexamic acid not reduced the mortality significantly in the group were used. No thrombotic events reported in both groups ( with & without tranexamic acid ).
THE RISK OF INFERTILITY IN THE CHLAMYDIAL VAGINAL INFECTION
Authors: MOHAMMED KADHIM AL-SAADI MANAL
Published: January 2024

Across-section study carried on 100 women attended the Maternity and Child Teaching Hospital and certain public clinics in Diwanyia city from the first of march 2005 to the end of August 2005 ,and complete medical history was taken from each one ,then a serological test was done by using Chlamydial Kit (Biorapid Chlamydia antigen)to identify the rate of infection with Chlamydia and its correlation with risk of infertility in women .The study was revealed that the prevalence rate of chlamydial infection was 26% among women ,and there is an risk factor or Odds ratio (OR) =6 to produce infertility among women.
The relation between household exposure to passive smoking and serum concentration of micronutrient
Authors: Abase Frhan Buthena
Published: January 2024

Twenty female their husband are heavy smokers were involved in this study in addition to another twenty women have no household exposure to cigarette smoking. All women have no serious health problem and they never smoke. The object of our study was to assess the presence of any relation between household exposure to passive smoking and serum concentration of retinol, tocopherols and carotenoids. Persons who smoke cigarettes are known to differ from persons who never smoked with respect to several life style behaviors, including eating less healthful diet and drinking more alcohol. The same could be true, to a lesser degree for comparison of non-smokers exposed to passive smoking with non-smoker who is not exposed to passive smoking. Serum samples were taken from the two groups and analyzed to reveal the concentration of retinol, tocopherols and carotenoids. Comparison between the two groups shows that those non-smokers who were exposed to passive smoking at home had serum concentration of carotenoids lower than in females not exposed to passive smoking at home (P<0.05). For serum retinol concentration. it was significantly higher in female with no household exposure than in female with household exposure (P<0.05), the same for serum tocopherols concentration. The results suggest that passive smoke exposure lowered circulating micronutrient concentration by directly depleting antioxidant micronutrient.
Mental Retardation in Children, Causes &Prevention
Authors: M. Al-Musawi Zuhair
Published: January 2024

This study was conducted to know the definite & probable causes of mental retardation (M.R.) in children & how can we prevent some of the cases. Three hundred eighty three children with moderate to severe (M.R.) were studied in Kerbala Pediatric Hospital over two years from January 2003 to January 2005. The male to female ratio was 1.51:1. The etiology was known in151 patients (39.4%) & was unknown in 232 patients (60.6%). The probable preventable causes include kernicterus, hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy, severe malnutrition, prematurity neonatal sepsis, hypothyroidism, encephalitis, meningitis, neural tube defect, galactossaemia, shaken baby syndrome & lead poisoning, constituting (68.8%) of the known probable causes. There was a high rate of consanguinity of parents, (37.8%) were first cousin, (24.8%) wer relatives while (37.4%) were not related. Three hundred forty eight patients (90.88%) were diagnosed before their first birthday. It was concluded from the study that we can help to reduce cases of (M.R.) by practicing primary & secondary prevention through health promotion, specific protection; early diagnosis & treatment of treatable disorders by neonatal screening program.
The Evaluation of serum Zinc, Copper, Sodium and Potassium levels in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Jasib Th. AL. Mazaal Anwar , A. Mussa Yassra
Published: January 2024

The aim of this study was to determine serum zinc(Zn),copper (Cu),sodium (Na) and potassuim (K) levels in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) undergoning hemodialysis (HD) and to investigate the influnce of HD duration on these trace elements.The study group included (32)HD pateints and a control group of (32) healthy subjects. Blood samples were drown for determination of serum (Zn) and (Cu) levels which measured by atomic absorbtion spectrophotmetry, and serum (Na) and(K) levels measured by electrolyte analyzer. The mean age was (50.5 Â±12.7)yr in the (HD) group and (48.1 Â± 20.3)yr in the control group .Laboratory findings showed the following mean values: Zn (43.12 Â± 12.81)micro.gm/dl in the HD group (vs. 72.59 Â± 4.8) micro.gm/dl in the control group, Cu (65.3 Â±10.2) micro.gm/dl in the HD group ( vs. 120.1 Â± 46.3) micro.gm/dl in the control group, Na (133.9 Â± 10.53) mmol/ L in the HD group (vs. 145.8 Â±25.35) mmol/ L in the control,K (4.77Â± 0.68) mmol/ L in the HD group (vs. 3.59Â± 0.44) mmol/ L in b the control group.The serum Zn ,Cu levels of the HD proup was significantly lower than that of the control group( P < 0.01). The serum Na level of HD group was significantly decreased than that control group( P <0.05) ,While serum( K) level in HD significantly increased ( P < 0.05)than that control group. NO significant differences in the serum Zn, Cu ,Na, and K levels between long term and short term dialyzed patients( P > 0.05). Because the levels of trace elements( Zn ,Cu ) of the HD group were significantly low, we recommend that ( Zn,Cu) should be given to patients with ( CRF) undergoing HD.
Effect of Valsalva Maneuver on Cardiovascular Reflexes
Authors: M.H. Al-Shamma Yesar , S. Al-Mu'min Aamir , K. Abood Ahlam
Published: January 2024

Valsalva maneuver (VM) is one of the most important tests used to investigate the integrity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), it can be used to assess the baroreflex activity since the baroreceptors innervated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.Therefore (VM) used to investigate the changes in the hemodynamic variables in order to assess the integrity of cardiovascular system. The procedure of (VM) involves four phases through these phases the following measurements take place:1.Measurement of stroke volume (SV) which is the volume of bloodpumped from the heart by each beat using echocardiographic technique.2.Heart rate (HR) is recorded by ECG in order to count the number of heart beats per each minutes.3.Cardiac output (CO) which is the volume of blood pumped from the heart per each minute can be calculated by the equation CO = HR Ã— SV from the above points (1,2).4.Blood pressure measurement during (VM) by using mercury sphygmomanometer by which measurement of SBP, DBP and MBP.5.Peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) can be calculated from the equation PVR = BP/CO. This study was carried out on seventy normal healthy subjects, their age range (20-40 years) with mean Â± SD is (27.31 Â± 5.28years). In this study a totally non-invasive techniques were used during all phases of VM. Concerning the responses in different phases of VM we found that there is sudden increase of BP with reflex bradycardia at the onset of straining(phase1). During phase2 (straining phase) there is significant reduction of SV and decreasing of BP to the low point lead to sympathetic stimulation and reflex tachycardia and increment in BP(systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean blood pressure (MBP), so phase 2 can be divided in to phase 2E and phase 2L. At release of strain of VM, there is transient reduction of SV and BP (phase3), phase 2E and phase 3 were not included in this study as BP changes need to be measured by invasive technique. few seconds after release of strain, the SV return to premaneuver level with BP â€œover shootâ€ (increased SBP, DBP and MBP) and peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) also increased as it is calculated from this equation (PVR = MBP/CO), and there is reflex bradycardia so cardiac output(CO) is decreased (phase4).
Cryotherpy treatment of haemorrhoids
Authors: R.AL-Ammar Nahidh
Published: January 2024

A prospective study of one hundred and thirty two patient with first. Second and third degree haemorrheids (prolapsed haemorhoid were excluded from the study) were treated by cryotherapy in Al-Dewaniya military hospital. For the period from March1996-through March 2003. Analysis was done for all relevant data such as degree haemorrhiod. Freezing time. Pre and postoperative symptoms and any complications. Good results were obtained in 109 patients out of 132. 6 patients developed anal fissure and treated by anal dilatation. 2 patients developed anal stenos is. Recurrence occurred in 15 patient and treated by formal haemorrhiodectomy. The method has the following advantages: Simple. Easy to perform. Painless. Done at the out patient department and cost effective. To minimize complications such as pain and haemorrhge. The iceball should be limited to the mucosal part of the haemorrhiod. The method will produce good results and low recurrence rate when careful selection of the patients is done. The ideal patient is the one with second and third degree haemrrhiod without any external or skin component.
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Authors: Ø¬Ø¯ÙŠ Ø¹Ø¨Ø¯ Ø§Ù„Ù„Ù‡ Ø±Ø§Ø´Ø¯
Published: January 2024

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The Prevalence Of Congenital Heart Diseases Among Down's Syndrome Children In Diwaniyah Governorate
Authors: Al-Jashami Mohanad
Published: January 2024

Objective :A survey was carried out to assess the prevalence of congenital heart diseases (CHD).Patients And Methods: among (180) Down's syndrome (DS)children in institute for mentally handicapped (Alraga institute) and outpatients referred for ECHO study in Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital.REULTS: It was found that (61.1%) of DS cases studied had CHD with a M:F ratio of 1.5:1. The commonest type of CHD found was ventricular septal defect (VSD), followed by atrial septal defect (ASD), mitral valve prolapse(MVP), tetralogy of fallot (TOF), ,patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and co-arctation of aorta in (54.5 %, 17.2 %, 14.5 %, 11.8 %, 0.9%, 0.9% respectively). The most common mode of presentation of CHD was recurrent chest infection. It was found that about 17.5% of cases with VSD had spontaneous closure, while only (7.5%) were treated surgically. The rest are left untreated.
Unilateral Perthes, Disease;A Study of the unaffected hip joint
Authors: O. Mossa Al-gazali Mossa
Published: January 2024

Objective: To asses the epiphyseal development of the unaffected hip in unilateral perthes disease. Patients and methods; Thirty two patients with unilateral perthes disease,their normal unaffected hip joints compared with forty normal children regarding their ossification of the proximal capital femoral epiphysis over aperiod of two years . Results; The epiphyseal height of the normal hip in unilateral Perthes disease was less than for the normal children (compared group).Conclusion;Delay in ossification of the proximal head may be one of the risk factors for Perthes disease.
EFFECTS OF ENAMINOTHIONES COMPOUNDS ON THE DERMATOPHYES AND YEAST ISOLATES IN VITRO
Authors: H AL-Hamdani Adnan , K ml hi in Jawad , Abbas Kareem Aqeel
Published: January 2024

Three enaminothione compounds namely 5,5- Dimethyl -3 N (N,N-Diethyl) phenylamino -2- Cyclohexane -1- thione ; 5, 5- Dimethyl -3N (4- Bromophenyl) amino -2- Cyclohexane -1- thione ; 5,5- Dimethyl -3N-phenyl) amino -2- Cyclohexane -1- thione were prepared and their U.V. and I.R. spectra were measured. The inhibitory activity of these compounds were tested by disc diffusion method against pathogenic fungi ( dermatophytes and yeast infections ) in vitro . Results revealed that synthesized compounds have an inhibitory effect against the tested fungal isolates . Introduction :- There has always a wide interest in certain type of schiff bases such as enaminothiones ( 1,2 ), and compounds containing thiol group because their inhibitory effects ( 3 ) . Superficial - Cutaneous mycotic infections constitute a group of microorganisms categorized as causing dermatophytosis and candidiasis (4). The development of new agents for the treatment of mycotic infections has been slow , and there are relatively few agents available , compared to the number that have been developed for treatment of bacterial infections (5). Recently , many synthetic drugs have been demonstrated to have in vitro and therapeutic activity against a variety of human fungal pathogens (6).
Assessment of Smart Check Recombinant Test in Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis In Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Governorate
Authors: Yassin Abdullah Abdul Razzak
Published: January 2024

This cross sectional study was undertaken to evaluate the Smart Check Recombinant TB test which is a rapid membrane based screening test to detect the presence of antibodies to active M. tuberculosis (Serological test, which is used for the first time in Al - Najaf Al-Ashraf governorate) in screening for pulmonary tuberculosis as a rapid diagnostic test of pulmonary tuberculosis, in comparison with sputum smear microscopy depending on the (findings and clinical judgment). Patients involved were those who attend at Respiratory Chest Diseases Center in ALâ€“ Najaf ALAshraf Governorate. Fifty suspected patients, within the age groups 12 - 70 years old who were referred from primary health care centers, hospitals, and private clinics, between1/5/2006to31/6/2006. From 50 cases 7 (14 %) were diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis by Smart Check test and 43 (86%) all patients were negative, by direct sputum smear microscopy . Chi-square had been applied to test, the level of significance when alpha < 0.05 and indicated there was high significant association.
X-ray examination to measurement radiation doses of patients in three Erbil hospitals
Authors: Tahr Ali Runak
Published: January 2024

Thermo luminescent dosimeters (TLDs) have been used to measure the entrance surface doses (ESDs) of patients undergoing pelvis, abdomen and lumbar spine diagnostic X-ray examinations in Erbil. A total of three public hospitals and 171 patients were included in this investigation. The ages of the patients involved were from 40 years to 85 years, while their weights ranged from 64 kg to 73 kg. Mean, of ESDs are reported. The results showed that in most cases, for each of the examinations, the individual ESD values are found to be comparable with, and higher than, those from Ghana and Tanzania, respectively. The ranges found in this work are high and this indicates more attention needs to be given to X-ray facilities in the country. This also suggests that radiographic departments need to review their radiographic practices in order to bring their doses to optimum levels. Effective doses were also calculated from the ESD values. The radiographic parameters used for all the patients were also compared with the European criteria. It is recommended that the tube filtration at one hospital be increased. The importance of good regulatory activities and trained personnel is stressed in this work. Apart from the fact that the data provided inthis work will be useful for the formulation of national guidance levels, they also provide patient dosimeter information on healthcare level countries.
Comparative study of cancer in AL-Diwanihyia governerate before and after the war 2003
Authors: Reheem AL- Barqawi Aqeel , Hajoal Rabab
Published: January 2024

The aim Of the study to compare the occurrence of cancer in Al Diwaniya city before and after the war 2003. The result show increase the number of carcinoma cases from the year 1992 â€“ 2006 the number of cases was doubled from the years 1992 â€“ 2002 and the doubled nine times after the years 2003 in comparison to the years 1989 â€“ 1992 the study show most of cases are lived in the urbon area .