bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pour un socle social européen
Authors: Ferry Jean-Marc
Published: October 2014

Loin d’être une fatalité naturelle, l’enlisement dans la crise a une origine politique. La crise de gouvernance économique s’entretient du refus de coresponsabilité solidaire. Pourtant, un « jeu à plusieurs » permettait d’envisager une issue efficace : en rehaussant le standing de ses propres ressortissants par des déficits consentis, le Nord eût tiré en avant l’activité du Sud alors mis en situation de rééquilibrer ses finances sans devoir le payer d’une terrible récession sociale. Le mal étant fait, on demande comment réconcilier l’Europe avec ses peuples. L’Union doit répondre au défi actuel : celui de la mondialisation, tandis que l’idée d’un « socle » européen de minima sociaux et environnementaux transversaux profile la perspective stimulante d’un modèle avancé de justice et de développement.
La philosophie humaniste de l'Union européenne
Authors: Allemand Frédéric
Published: October 2014

Dans un moment où l’Union européenne est critiquée pour sa faible légitimité, cette étude propose d’en redécouvrir le sens philosophique originel : la restauration de l’homme dans toute sa dignité. La pensée humaniste constitue une source d’inspiration et un cadre intellectuel qui innerve la structure de l’Union, ainsi que ses rapports avec les États membres et les citoyens. L’ouverture des marchés participe de cet élan, mais elle ne saurait servir de seul guide pour le développement du projet européen. La richesse de la personne humaine interdit de réduire ce projet politique à des considérations exclusivement économiques, matérialistes, et l’ homo europeus à un homo œconomicus .
Europe – ou comment construire une identité sur le devenir
Authors: Gaudot Édouard
Published: October 2014

Entre devoir de mémoires, plurielles et concurrentes, et rejet assumé d’une histoire riche en fureurs lointaines et horreurs récentes, la possibilité de fonder une identité européenne sur une mémoire commune aux Européens reste sujette à caution. En outre, les profondes modifications culturelles de nos sociétés postmodernes soulignent aussi l’épuisement progressif de la capacité fédératrice de toute mémoire collective. Si les nations se sont toutes construites dans l’assomption collective d’un passé plus ou moins romancé, l’Europe a dès ses origines emprunté un chemin différent : celui de se construire sur le devenir plutôt que l’ayant-été. Pari audacieux et gandhien qui fait du chemin le but.
« Faire justice »
Authors: Regis Nicolas
Published: October 2014

La philosophie de l’action de G. E. M. Anscombe permet d’aborder sous un jour nouveau la problématique, classique en théorie du droit, de la rationalité de la décision judiciaire. Cette approche met en lumière les conditions d’appréhension logique d’une telle rationalité, ainsi que ses limites. Si la logique de l’action du juge apparaît alors étrangère à la question de sa validité juridique, elle ne disqualifie pas pour autant les approches théoriques dont cette question fait l’objet, mais en révèle au contraire les contraintes propres issues de leur appartenance à des jeux de langage différents.
Citizen Canis : Freud et les chiens
Authors: Kamieniak Jean-Pierre
Published: October 2014

Ce n’est qu’à l’automne de sa vie que le spécialiste de l’âme, quelque peu désillusionné et déçu par ses frères humains, s’intéressera aux chiens et nouera avec eux une relation d’une intensité exceptionnelle, dans laquelle il puisera un regain de vitalité et dont la qualité témoigne de la nature féminine-maternelle des identifications mobilisées dans la psyché de ce bénéficiaire de l’amour magnifié d’une toute jeune mère, faisant de l’homme Freud la « mère de son chien ».
L'alternance de langues en Haute-Bretagne
Authors: Leray Christian
Published: October 2014

En Haute-Bretagne, les recherches sur les alternances de langues sous forme d’histoires de vie permettent de saisir les alternances de langues telles que les opèrent les interlocuteurs lors de leurs conversations. La commutation de codes est alors perçue comme une technique de communication que le locuteur utilise notamment comme stratégie discursive et identitaire. C’est ce que l’on peut voir ici à travers quelques extraits des ouvrages et enquêtes de Christian Leray.
Méthodologie critique d'une enquête sociolinguistique menée dans un quartier dit « populaire » d'Alger (Belcourt / Belouizdad)
Authors: Djerroud Kahina
Published: October 2014

Mener une enquête sociolinguistique nécessite que l’enquêteur apprivoise son milieu d’enquête. Celui que nous avons interrogé est un quartier d’Alger : Belcourt / Belouizdad qui se caractérise d’une part, par sa catégorisation en tant que quartier dit « populaire », d’autre part par la diversité des variétés linguistiques pratiquées par ses habitants. Nous tenterons dans cet article de relater quelques procédés utilisés, au cours de l’enquête sociolinguistique, dans le but de combiner entre notre identité d’enquêteur (sexe, âge, profession, quartier d’origine) et les caractéristiques du milieu d’enquête citées auparavant.
L'impudence des tigres de papier
Authors: Guérin Nicolas
Published: October 2014

Résumé À partir des usages des citations dans les articles et les ouvrages de psychanalyse, la mort ou la disparition de l’auteur (objet de débat de la fin des années 1960) est mise en tension avec la thèse lacanienne de la dégénérescence du signifiant maître, ses effets de honte et d’impudence et son impact sur les publications psychanalytiques.
Version féminine du malaise juvénile dans les villes africaines
Authors: Barry Aboubacar
Published: October 2014

Résumé Depuis bientôt six ans, des jeunes filles de collèges et lycées de différents pays africains sont tour à tour ou simultanément sujettes à des crises de forme hystérique, selon l’explication médicale. Les autorités coutumières et certaines des victimes ont plutôt tendance à incriminer l’abandon des cultes dus aux génies de la nature – nature elle-même fortement malmenée par l’urbanisation galopante et parfois anarchique – et la profanation d’anciens lieux de cultes. Il nous semble que ce phénomène est un marqueur du moment capital de passage d’une forme d’organisation sociale fondée sur les croyances religieuses et les appartenances lignagères, à des appropriations plus individualisées des modes de vie des jeunes. Il s’agirait, en somme, de la version féminine du malaise juvénile observable depuis des décennies en milieu urbain africain.
En hommage à Eugène Minkowski (1885-1972)
Authors: Allen David Frank , Kampougeri Stavroula
Published: October 2014

Résumé Eugène Minkowski est à la fois le père de la notion de « structure » en psychopathologie et le premier à théoriser le rationalisme morbide. Notre exposé clarifie le statut du rationalisme morbide à travers des exemples cliniques avant de conclure que le repérage des délires structurés non paranoïaques est difficilement concevable sans la référence minkowskienne à la structure.
Les MOOC, et après ?
Authors: Durance Philippe , Boullier Dominique , Kaplan Daniel
Published: October 2014

Les MOOC sont-ils une révolution pédagogique ou l e dernier avatar à l a mode de pratiques d’enseignement à distance ? Faut-il craindre la marchandisation d’un savoir formaté ou se réjouir de voir prise en compte la culture des étudiants d’aujourd’hui ?
Facteurs clés de la performance collective de groupements d'achats de produits de santé
Authors: Vincent Béatrice , Montalan Marie-Annick
Published: October 2014

Le programme Phare lancé en 2011 par la DGOS définit la mutualisation des achats et le territoire comme des leviers majeurs d’amélioration de la performance hospitalière. Ce programme établit un lien entre l’action collective inter-organisationnelle et la performance locale des membres du groupement sans poser le problème de la performance collective de l’action mutualisée. Cet article a pour objectif d’étudier en quoi la mutualisation des achats hospitaliers préconisée par le programme Phare rend nécessaire l’évaluation et le pilotage de la performance collective des groupements d’achats hospitaliers (GAH). En s’appuyant sur une définition de la performance collective et de ses déterminants, l’étude réalisée sur le terrain des achats hospitaliers de médicaments et dispositifs médicaux a permis de comparer deux groupements conventionnels de niveaux de performance différents et de mettre en évidence les facteurs clés de performance de ces GAH.
Du féodalisme établissement au pilotage de territoire - Un objet frontière & une innovation
Authors: Nautré Benoît , Kononovich Katerina
Published: October 2014

La présente contribution s’intéresse à la manière dont un projet de recherche universitaire, développé par un groupe d’établissements hospitaliers sur un territoire de santé de Bretagne du sud, va progressivement s’imposer comme un objet frontière et favoriser une démarche collective d’innovation. L’étude, positionnée dans une démarche de recherche intervention, s’appuie sur les travaux déjà développés dans ce champ théorique, notamment sur la capacité de standardisation et de flexibilité de l’objet frontière qui rend possible la coopération entre des mondes sociaux ne partageant ni les mêmes attentes, ni les mêmes langages et temporalités. Elle tente en même temps de dépasser cette approche pour s’intéresser à la dimension « d’infrastructure invisible de cet objet » , encore assez peu explorée, au sens de sa capacité à transporter un ensemble de conventions, normes, schèmes, portés par un groupe social, un champ ou encore une communauté de pratiques. L’observation de faits met en évidence un mécanisme progressif de structuration de l’objet autour de ce que les auteurs qualifient de « zones de tensions », zones créées par l’interaction et supportées par des mots, concepts, idéaux plus ou moins partagés par les mondes sociaux en présence. Ces tensions, en affirmant l’objet comme moyen de traduction de l’innovation participeraient tout en même temps à définir l’objet frontière et les frontières de l’objet.
Reconnaître les régulations autonomes pour organiser le travail : l'exemple de la gestion de l'absentéisme en EHPAD
Authors: Devigne Michel , Habib Johanna , Krohmer Cathy , Laurent Brami
Published: October 2014

Confrontés à un absentéisme important des soignants, les directions et l’encadrement des Etablissements d’Hébergement pour Personnes Agées Dépendantes (EHPAD) proposent souvent des modalités de gestion en décalage avec les réalités vécues par les soignants allant même jusqu’à entretenir le phénomène. Ces modalités perturbent fortement le fonctionnement des équipes qui apportent alors des solutions d’organisation temporaires pour faire face à l’augmentation de la charge de travail. Pour comprendre les phénomènes en jeu dans la gestion de l’absentéisme, nous mobilisons la théorie de la régulation sociale [1]. La méthodologie employée est qualitative et s’appuie sur trois études de cas menées au sein d’EHPAD. Il ressort de l’analyse que les directions et l’encadrement se cantonnent à des règles de contrôle très éloignées des règles autonomes développées par les soignants. Ces régulations autonomes, loin d’être des solutions pérennes se révèlent très instables, variables et temporaires. Au final, cette recherche questionne la capacité du management à créer des opportunités de rencontre entre régulations autonomes et régulations de contrôle.
Le travail de l'abstraction
Authors: Pasquinelli Matteo , Citton Yves
Published: October 2014

L’accélérationnisme marxiste de Srnicek et Williams semble concerner non seulement une simple accélération catastrophique du capital (comme chez Virilio, Baudrillard, Land), mais une accélération épistémique et une réappropriation du capital fixe comme technologie et connaissance (en une sorte de Singularité Épistémique). L’intelligence collective doit s’organiser elle-même sur le mode d’une intelligence hostile – également dans le sens où elle s’inocule dans son hôte comme un parasite malveillant.
L'exode de la multitude au Brésil
Authors: Cocco Giuseppe
Published: October 2014

La préparation des grandes manifestations religieuses et sportives mondiales au Brésil a entraîné une riposte populaire. L’enracinement de la lutte dans le temps, son élargissement à d’autres couches sociales, la participation des Indiens montrent l’impasse où se trouve la représentation démocratique au Brésil, ainsi qu’une nouvelle vision de la composition sociale des luttes. Avec Lula, le gouvernement a essayé d’inclure les pauvres et de faire de leurs marges des ressources cognitives. Mais la reprise du développementisme par Dilma renvoie les pauvres dans la plèbe, sans droits.
La production du commun et l'antagonisme dans la ville olympique de Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Mendes Alexandre Fabiano , Décary-Secours Benoit
Published: October 2014

Les politiques urbaines se heurtent aux pratiques d’appropriation par les pauvres, qui demandent à être indemnisés en cas d’expulsion par des grands travaux, même quand ils ont voté pour la municipalité qui les a ordonnés. Mais du coup ils veulent participer aux décisions. Leurs luttes multiformes se réfèrent au commun de la ville produit par les pratiques sociales.
La plèbe, la multitude et la rente
Authors: Moulier-Boutang Yann
Published: October 2014

Le retour de la catégorie de plèbe, qu’on croyait liée à l’empire romain ou aux luttes populaires de l’époque de la Renaissance, tient à la difficulté de catégoriser en termes marxistes, liés à la production, des alliances transversales entre groupes émergents et exclus. La plèbe qui cherche à accaparer les surplus ressemble à la multitude décrite par Toni Negri et Michael Hardt comme surgissant dans les villes pour profiter de la rente urbaine. Ce que décrivent Corten et ses amis n’est-il pas la classe antagoniste du capitalisme cognitif en constitution ? L’image du devenir-plèbe de la multitude, et de la régression vers le capitalisme agro-industriel, programmée avec le Mondial de foot et les Jeux Olympiques, semble très écornée.
La santé : Enjeu scientifique ou politique ?
Authors: Bourrasseau Fabrice , Zaoui Pierre
Published: October 2014

Résumé entretien avec Claire Ambroselli, médecin, auteur de l’ethique médicale et Les comités d’éthique (collection « Que sais-je ? »), et Armand Tomaszewski, médecin et chercheur en immunologie.
Rencontre du troisième collectif
Authors: Potte-Bonneville Mathieu , Maury Camille
Published: October 2014

Résumé Ce fut l’un des ricochets les plus inattendus de Saint-Bernard : la mobilisation des sans-papiers chinois, d’habitude invisibles, et leur regroupement au sein d’un collectif. Zoom sur un mouvement exemplaire, et sur la vie après les lois Pasqua.
La bande des cinq
Authors: Chemillier-Gendreau Monique
Published: October 2014

Résumé La clé de la démocratie internationale telle qu’elle fonctionne au sein des Nations Unies est confisquée par les cinq grands.
Les vieux, une minorité ?
Authors: Veysset Nicolas
Published: October 2014

Résumé Le monde des vieux est d’abord un monde de la norme, des maisons de retraite à la presse spécialisée, des universités du « troisième âge » aux injonctions de vivre une « vieillesse active », le monde des vieux est l’objet d’un entrelacs d’institutions gestionnaires de la santé, du goût, de la vie de leurs patients, le vieux, un personnage étudié, géré, normalisé.
Influence of the nocturnal harvesting of olives from Salento (Italy) on the quality of the extra virgin olive oil
Authors: Di Serio M. G. , Di Loreto G. , Giansante L. , Vito R. , Melcarne G. , Buttazzo C. , Di Giacinto L.
Published: October 2014

In southern Italy, some olive cultivars such as ‘Ogliarola Salentina’ ripen when the day temperature is still high, at up to 28 to 30 °C. This can affect both the oil quality and the expression of its valuable characteristics. In addition, it increases the risk of undesirable fermentation that can generate off-flavors. In the present study, nocturnal olive harvesting was carried out to determine the influence that temperature can have on the characteristics of the extra virgin olive oil, and particularly on the volatile and oxidative compounds. The data obtained are encouraging: the lower temperatures that occur during the night appear to have a particular and positive impact on the organoleptic characteristics of the extra virgin olive oil produced, with enhanced formation of the volatile compounds that contribute to the ‘green’ notes of the flavor. In areas where daytime temperatures are very high, the nocturnal harvesting of olives at the correct stage of maturity therefore represents a good agronomic practice for the production of oils with high organoleptic and nutritional merit.
Effect of carvacrol on the oxidative stability of palm oil during frying
Authors: İnanç T. , Maskan M.
Published: October 2014

Fats and oils deteriorate physically and chemically at frying temperatures due to several reasons. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of carvacrol on the oxidative stability of palm oil during a repeated frying process. Potatoes were serially fried in carvacrol-added palm oil, BHT-added palm oil and a control oil (without any antioxidants). After each tenth frying cycle, several chemical analyses were carried out on collected samples to evaluate deterioration in the oils. The free fatty acid, para-anisidine, iodine, and total polar component values of the fresh oil were 0.080, 2.85, 57.1 and 7.5, respectively. These values changed to 0.165, 11.80, 46.7, 11.0, respectively for the control oil; 0.151, 11.28, 49.2 and 10.5 for BHT-added oil; 0.140, 7.19, 51.7, 10.0 for carvacrol-added oil after 40 frying cycles. The results revealed that the use of carvacrol could significantly improve the oxidative stability of palm oil when compared to the control samples. This effect was also comparable to BHT. Using carvacrol in frying oil slowed down the rate of the formation of conjugated dienes and trienes compared to the oil with BHT and the control. The frying process significantly changed the viscosity of the oil samples.
A comparative study of the fatty acid profiles in commercial sheep cheeses
Authors: Aguilar C. , Toro-Mujica P. , Vargas-Bello-Pérez E. , Vera R. , Ugalde C. , Rodríguez S. , Briones I.
Published: October 2014

The present study was carried out to characterize the FA profile of sheep cheese marketed in Chile. Fifty-eight cheeses were collected from supermarkets of 5 different Chilean cities including 34 sheep cheeses, 7 from goat’s milk, 11 from cow’s milk, 4 from a mixture of sheep, goat and cow’s milk and 2 from a mixture of sheep and cow’s milk. Compared to the cow and goat cheese (3.4 and 2.5 g·100g−1), the sheep cheese (3.8 g·100g−1) contained higher contents of C18:1t. The saturated and polyunsatured FA contents were greater in goat cheese than in sheep and cow cheese. The n6/n3 ratio was greater in goat (6.1) cheese than in sheep and cow cheese (3.8 and 5.2). The atherogenicity index was unaffected by cheese type, however, the thrombogenic index was lower in sheep cheese (2.8) than in goat and cow cheese (3.1 and 2.9). The n6/n3 ratio and thrombogenic index were lower in Chilean sheep cheese than in those imported from Europe. The fatty acid profile of cheese can be used to differentiate animal species from which the cheese is made and to some extent the geographical origin that may give some insight as to animal feed and production management.
Characterization and quantification of the cholesterol oxidation product fraction of the intramuscular fat from pork loin (fresh and marinated) with different irradiation and packaging during storage
Authors: García-Márquez I. , Narváez-Rivas M. , Gallardo E. , Ordoñez J. A. , León-Camacho M.
Published: October 2014

A study of the effect of E-beam (1 and 2 kGy) on the cholesterol oxidation product (COP) composition of fresh and marinated pork loin stored at 4 and 8 °C under different atmospheres (air, vacuum and carbon dioxide enriched ) has been carried out for the first time. The combined statistical treatment of the distinct variables showed that minor differences were found in some cholesterol oxidation products of fresh loin due to storage temperature, packaging method and storage time. No effect of irradiation (up to 2 KGy) on the COP amount was found, concluding that E-beam can be a useful tool to extend the shelf-life of fresh and marinated loin without changes in the COP fraction.
Fostering Interaction and Social Presence through eCollaboration
Authors: McGee Patricia , Voeller Jooyoung
Published: October 2014

eCollaboration is an instructional strategy used in online courses in which two or more students work collaboratively at a distance to achieve a pre-determined instructional outcome. In order to work together at a distance, social, cognitive, and teacher presence are required. In this chapter, the authors focus on how social presence informs eCollaboration in the fundamental learning concepts of the strategy, the learning frameworks that support collaborative learning, and for building and supporting learning experiences.
Leveraging Web 2.0 for Online Learning
Authors: Lal Prerna
Published: October 2014

The emergence of the Internet and Web 2.0 has introduced enormous opportunities for a rising generation of tech-savvy young adults, students, and life-long learners. This chapter examines the various Web 2.0 tools, such as blogs, wikis, RSS (Real Simple Syndication), podcasts, mashups, and social networks, that can help make the online learning environment more interactive and interesting. The chapter provides an overview on the role of Web 2.0-based tools and technologies in providing a comprehensive structure for interactions and interconnections between three key components of a learning environment: the learner, the teacher, and the interface. Furthermore, the chapter explores how these tools can be used in exchanging knowledge, aggregating content, and collaborating with peers in online learning environments.
Using a Distributed Learning Environment Model to Foster Learner-Educator Interaction
Authors: Havice Pamela A. , Havice William L.
Published: October 2014

With the advancement of information technology, computer networks, mobile devices, wireless networks, smart phones, the Internet, and the use of social networking tools, learning modalities have greatly expanded, allowing for increased activity between the learner and the educator, and also among learners. This chapter presents a Distributed Learning Environment (DLE) model that can be used to help educators design, implement, and assess learner interaction in an online course while keeping the learner at the center of the learning process. Outlined in this chapter are strategies for fostering learner-educator and learner-learner interaction while also keeping in mind the need for assessment of the learner in a distributed learning environment.
Technology Integration in Work Settings
Authors: Joshua-Gojer Ashwini Esther , Allen Jeff M. , Gavrilova-Aguilar Mariya
Published: October 2014

Technology integration is gaining preeminence in the workplace. While plentiful definitions exist, researchers have attempted to answer many questions related to technology. Most of the issues dealing with technology in the workplace address, but are not limited to, technological entry, technological adoption, technological adaptation, technological appropriation, and technological invention. This chapter delves into the concept of technology integration in work settings. Starting with definitions, the chapter examines the nature of technology, its interrelationship with knowledge and the learning organization, its importance in the workplace, and its association with innovation.
Emerging Technologies and Organizational Transformation
Authors: Antonova Albena
Published: October 2014

Technologies continue to evolve and to largely transform business practices. In the near future, a few technologies, such as Internet of Things (IoT), Augmented Reality (AR), additive manufacturing (3D printing), and robots, can substantially influence businesses. The reason to focus specifically on these technologies as leading factors for organizational change is twofold: first, there already exist many prototypes and pilot experiments; and second, these technologies have the potential to provoke substantial breakthroughs, leading to substantial business changes. The chapter proposes an overall vision about the impact of these four emerging technologies on business practices and how they will fuel substantial business transformation. The chapter starts with a short analysis how IT influences the core business models and value formation. Then, the authors present the state of the art in e-business technologies and current emerging trends. Finally, the authors propose a detailed overview and discussion of the newly emerging bridge technologies, illustrating with examples their role and economic potential.
A Novel Application of a Hybrid Delphi-Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Technique
Authors: Kayikci Yasanur , Stix Volker , LeBlanc Larry J. , Bartolacci Michael R.
Published: October 2014

This research studies heterarchical collaboration in logistical transport. Specifically, it utilizes a hybrid Delphi-Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach to explore the relevant criteria for the formation and maintenance of a strategic alignment for heterarchical transport collaboration. The importance of this work is that it applies a novel hybrid approach for identifying criteria for success to a little-studied form of supply chain collaboration: heterarchical collaborative transport. The criteria for this form of collaboration identified by the application of Delphi-AHP include ones from the technical, risk, financial, organizational, and operational categories. This novel application of the hybrid approach leveraged the expertise of transportation collaboration experts from the U.K., France, Canada, Sweden, the Netherlands, and Italy to identify key criteria for a strategic alignment between heterarchical collaboration partners. Such collaborative initiatives are important in industry as an environmentally conscious, yet efficient and effective strategy for the transport of raw materials and finished products in the supply chain.
A Systemic, Participative Design of Decision Support Services for Clinical Research
Authors: Quimbaya Alexandra Pomares , González Rafael A. , Bohórquez Wilson Ricardo , Muñoz Oscar , García Olga Milena , Londoño Dario
Published: October 2014

Development of IT-based services to support decision-making in healthcare should be guided by the following considerations: rigor, relevance, user-centered participation and inclusion of the best practices for IT-based service systems. In this paper, the balance between rigor and relevance is achieved by following the design science research methodology; user-centered participation is tackled from the socio-technical tradition in information systems; best practices considered in the planning, design and implementation of the services are informed by the MOF framework. Moreover, and considering the premise that these pillars should holistically converge, this research has been approached from a systemic stance where iterative, participative, socio-technical activities have allowed the effective collaboration between information systems researchers, clinical researchers, medical staff and administrative hospital personnel. This paper argues for a move towards enhancing systemic, participative, design-centered service systems engineering by reporting a case which applies these concepts for providing decision-support services, enabled by data and text mining techniques, to contribute to clinical research and administration by being able to search electronic health records where narrative text hides meaningful information that would otherwise require a time-consuming human revision of these records.
NLS
Authors: Asproth V. , Ekker K. , Holmberg S. C. , Håkansson A.
Published: October 2014

Cooperation across national borders is of paramount importance for the security in border close regions. Timely and adequate training, reflection, and preparation are core tools for facilitating and stimulating such interregional cooperation. Hence, NetAgora, a service oriented web portal for security cooperation, was designed. In NetAgora there is first a service package with accident- and emergency scenarios. Here multi-actors can train their cooperation and decision making skills. The R-statistics open source package is applied for recording and analyzing data from those training occasions. In subsequent debriefing sessions this is used for post-learning. Further, from anticipatory modeling and simulation it is found that rescue operations are delayed and misguided due to shortcomings in the communication between security command and communication centers. Hence, the NetAgora Learning System is designed and prototyped in order to overcome that problem. It will facilitate and stimulate reflection in action and double loop learning and aims at improving communication patterns by anticipatory pre-learning.
Digital Reading
Authors: Cordón-García José Antonio , Gómez-Díaz Raquel , Alonso-Arévalo Julio , Kaplan Nora
Published: October 2014

Information and communications technology is bringing about significant changes not only in the amount of information and documents available but also in the agents that produce them and in the way they are organised, managed and consumed. The various Unesco programmes, the ministerial resolutions and the initiatives introduced by different countries reflect the need to and the difficulty of preserving documents in the digital environment, where it is necessary to achieve a balance between the need to preserve everything and the possibility of implementing the necessary safeguards.
English Abstracts in Open Access Translation Studies Journals in Spain (2011-12)
Authors: Linder Daniel
Published: October 2014

In this study of 197 abstracts from the ten most prestigious open access Translation Studies journals published in Spain between 2011-12, 73 of 197 abstracts (37%) were found to contain a total of 128 errors (75 grammatical, 42 vocabulary-related and 11 typographical). Three “risk factors” were suspected to correlate with higher error incidence (>40% error rate), namely: 1. when abstracts do not conform to the author's guidelines for language and length; 2. when abstracts appear in monographic issues or dossiers within issues; and 3. when abstracts appear in journals published only electronically. A higher error incidence was found to correspond with those journals that presented all three risks (3/4 (75%). A correspondence between high incidence of error and individual risk factors was also found: 67% of electronic only published journals, 71% of monographic guest-edited journals and 57% of journals with length non-compliance had higher error incidences. Several recommendations for journal editors and abstract authors are provided.
Science Communication 2.0
Authors: Olvera-Lobo Dra. María Dolores , López-Pérez Lourdes
Published: October 2014

The level of scientific culture among young Spaniards is one of the lowest in Europe. The media, as spokespersons to the public, and public universities, as the institutions responsible for higher education, are two important parties with the responsibility for changing this situation. This study analyses how both use the Internet and Web 2.0 to promote science. In the case of universities, the results demonstrate the effort they are making to connect science to these tools. 72.9% have a scientific news feed and almost a third have a profile on Facebook and Twitter. However, the role of Spanish science is still irrelevant in online newspapers. Only 35.4% of published information refers to research in Spain.
TCRs Genetically Linked to CD28 and CD3ε Do Not Mispair with Endogenous TCR Chains and Mediate Enhanced T Cell Persistence and Anti-Melanoma Activity
Authors: Govers Coen , Sebestyén Zsolt , Roszik János , van Brakel Mandy , Berrevoets Cor , Szöőr Árpád , Panoutsopoulou Konstantina , Broertjes Marieke , Van Tan , Vereb György , Szöllősi János , Debets Reno
Published: October 2014

Adoptive transfer of T cells that are gene engineered to express a defined TCR represents a feasible and promising therapy for patients with tumors. However, TCR gene therapy is hindered by the transient presence and effectiveness of transferred T cells, which are anticipated to be improved by adequate T cell costimulation. In this article, we report the identification and characterization of a novel two-chain TCR linked to CD28 and CD3ε (i.e., TCR:28ε). This modified TCR demonstrates enhanced binding of peptide–MHC and mediates enhanced T cell function following stimulation with peptide compared with wild-type TCR. Surface expression of TCR:28ε depends on the transmembrane domain of CD28, whereas T cell functions depend on the intracellular domains of both CD28 and CD3ε, with IL-2 production showing dependency on CD28:LCK binding. TCR:28ε, but not wild-type TCR, induces detectable immune synapses in primary human T cells, and such immune synapses show significantly enhanced accumulation of TCR transgenes and markers of early TCR signaling, such as phosphorylated LCK and ERK. Importantly, TCR:28ε does not show signs of off-target recognition, as evidenced by lack of TCR mispairing, as well as preserved specificity. Notably, when testing TCR:28ε in immune-competent mice, we observed a drastic increase in T cell survival, which was accompanied by regression of large melanomas with limited recurrence. Our data argue that TCR transgenes that contain CD28, and, thereby, may provide T cell costimulation in an immune-suppressive environment, represent candidate receptors to treat patients with tumors.
Regulatory T Cells in Central Nervous System Injury: A Double-Edged Sword
Authors: Walsh James T. , Zheng Jingjing , Smirnov Igor , Lorenz Ulrike , Tung Kenneth , Kipnis Jonathan
Published: October 2014

Previous research investigating the roles of T effector (Teff) and T regulatory (Treg) cells after injury to the CNS has yielded contradictory conclusions, with both protective and destructive functions being ascribed to each of these T cell subpopulations. In this work, we study this dichotomy by examining how regulation of the immune system affects the response to CNS trauma. We show that, in response to CNS injury, Teff and Treg subsets in the CNS-draining deep cervical lymph nodes are activated, and surgical resection of these lymph nodes results in impaired neuronal survival. Depletion of Treg, not surprisingly, induces a robust Teff response in the draining lymph nodes and is associated with impaired neuronal survival. Interestingly, however, injection of exogenous Treg cells, which limits the spontaneous beneficial immune response after CNS injury, also impairs neuronal survival. We found that no Treg accumulate at the site of CNS injury, and that changes in Treg numbers do not alter the amount of infiltration by other immune cells into the site of injury. The phenotype of macrophages at the site, however, is affected: both addition and removal of Treg negatively impact the numbers of macrophages with alternatively activated (tissue-building) phenotype. Our data demonstrate that neuronal survival after CNS injury is impaired when Treg cells are either removed or added. With this exacerbation of neurodegeneration seen with both addition and depletion of Treg, we recommend exercising extreme caution when considering the therapeutic targeting of Treg cells after CNS injury, and possibly in chronic neurodegenerative conditions.
CXCL12/CXCR4 Blockade by Oncolytic Virotherapy Inhibits Ovarian Cancer Growth by Decreasing Immunosuppression and Targeting Cancer-Initiating Cells
Authors: Gil Margaret , Komorowski Marcin P. , Seshadri Mukund , Rokita Hanna , McGray A. J Robert , Opyrchal Mateusz , Odunsi Kunle O. , Kozbor Danuta
Published: October 2014

Signals mediated by the chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 are involved in the progression of ovarian cancer through enhancement of tumor angiogenesis and immunosuppressive networks that regulate dissemination of peritoneal metastasis and development of cancer-initiating cells (CICs). In this study, we investigated the antitumor efficacy of a CXCR4 antagonist expressed by oncolytic vaccinia virus (OVV) against an invasive variant of the murine epithelial ovarian cancer cell line ID8-T. This variant harbors a high frequency of CICs that form multilayered spheroid cells and express the hyaluronan receptor CD44, as well as stem cell factor receptor CD117 (c-kit). Using an orthotopic ID8-T tumor model, we observed that i.p. delivery of a CXCR4 antagonist–expressing OVV led to reduced metastatic spread of tumors and improved overall survival compared with oncolysis alone. Inhibition of tumor growth with the armed virus was associated with efficient killing of CICs, reduced expression of ascitic CXCL12 and vascular endothelial growth factor, and decreases in i.p. numbers of endothelial and myeloid cells, as well as plasmacytoid dendritic cells. These changes, together with reduced recruitment of T regulatory cells, were associated with higher ratios of IFN-γ+/IL-10+ tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes, as well as induction of spontaneous humoral and cellular antitumor responses. Similarly, the CXCR4 antagonist released from virally infected human CAOV2 ovarian carcinoma cells inhibited peritoneal dissemination of tumors in SCID mice, leading to improved tumor-free survival in a xenograft model. Our findings demonstrate that OVV armed with a CXCR4 antagonist represents a potent therapy for ovarian CICs with a broad antitumor repertoire.
Immune Complexes Inhibit IL-1 Secretion and Inflammasome Activation
Authors: Janczy John R. , Ciraci Ceren , Haasken Stefanie , Iwakura Yoichiro , Olivier Alicia K. , Cassel Suzanne L. , Sutterwala Fayyaz S.
Published: October 2014

IgG immune complexes have been shown to modify immune responses driven by APCs in either a pro- or anti-inflammatory direction depending upon the context of stimulation. However, the ability of immune complexes to modulate the inflammasome-dependent innate immune response is unknown. In this study, we show that IgG immune complexes suppress IL-1α and IL-1β secretion through inhibition of inflammasome activation. The mechanism by which this inhibition occurs is via immune complex ligation of activating FcγRs, resulting in prevention of both activation and assembly of the inflammasome complex in response to nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR) P3, NLRC4, or AIM2 agonists. In vivo, administration of Ag in the form of an immune complex during priming of the immune response inhibited resultant adaptive immune responses in an NLRP3-dependent model of allergic airway disease. Our data reveal an unexpected mechanism regulating CD4+ T cell differentiation, by which immune complexes suppress inflammasome activation and the generation of IL-1α and IL-1β from APCs, which are critical for the Ag-driven differentiation of CD4+ T cells.
The Salivary Scavenger and Agglutinin in Early Life: Diverse Roles in Amniotic Fluid and in the Infant Intestine
Authors: Reichhardt Martin Parnov , Jarva Hanna , de Been Mark , Rodriguez Juan Miguel , Jimenez Quintana Esther , Loimaranta Vuokko , Meindert de Vos Willem , Meri Seppo
Published: October 2014

The salivary scavenger and agglutinin (SALSA), also known as gp340 and dmbt1, is an antimicrobial and inflammation-regulating molecule located at the mucosal surfaces. The present study revealed that SALSA was present in the amniotic fluid (AF) and exceptionally enriched in both meconium and feces of infants. Based on immunological and mass spectrometric analysis, SALSA was estimated to constitute up to 4–10% of the total protein amount in meconium, making it one of the most abundant proteins. SALSA proteins in the AF and intestinal samples were polymorphic and exhibited varying polypeptide compositions. In particular, a different abundance of peptides corresponding to functionally important structures was found in the AF and intestinal SALSA. The AF form of SALSA had a more intact structure and contained peptides from the zona pellucida domain, which is involved in cell differentiation and oligomerization. In contrast, the intestinal SALSA was more enriched with the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domains. The AF, but not the meconium SALSA, bound to Streptococcus pyogenes, S. agalactiae, S. gordonii, and Escherichia coli. Furthermore, differential binding was observed also to known endogenous ligands C1q, mannose-binding lectin, and secretory IgA. Our results have thus identified mucosal body compartments, where SALSA is particularly abundant, and suggest that SALSA exhibits varying functions in the different mucosal locations. The high levels of SALSA in AF and the infant intestine suggest a robust and important function for SALSA during the fetal development and in the mucosal innate immune defense of infants.
Absence of Nkx2-3 Homeodomain Transcription Factor Reprograms the Endothelial Addressin Preference for Lymphocyte Homing in Peyer’s Patches
Authors: Kellermayer Zoltán , Mihalj Martina , Lábadi Árpád , Czömpöly Tamás , Lee Mike , O’Hara Edward , Butcher Eugene C. , Berta Gergely , Balogh András , Arnold Hans-Henning , Balogh Péter
Published: October 2014

Although the homing of lymphocytes to GALT has been extensively studied, little is known about how high endothelial venules (HEVs) within Peyer’s patches (PPs) are patterned to display dominantly mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1). In this study, we report that Nkx2-3–deficient mice show gradual loss of MAdCAM-1 in PPs postnatally and increased levels of mRNA for peripheral lymph node addressin (PNAd) backbone proteins as well as enhanced expression of MECA79 sulfated glycoepitope at the luminal aspect of HEVs, thus replacing MAdCAM-1 with PNAd. Induction of PNAd in mutant PPs requires lymphotoxin β receptor activity, and its upregulation needs the presence of mature T and B cells. Furthermore, treatment with MECA-79 anti-PNAd mAb in vivo effectively blocks lymphocyte homing to mutant PPs. Despite the replacement of MAdCAM-1 by PNAd in HEV endothelia, lymphocytes could efficiently home to PPs in mutant mice. We conclude that although Nkx2-3 activity controls the addressin balance of HEVs in GALT, the general HEV functionality is preserved independently from Nkx2-3, indicating a substantial plasticity in the specification of GALT HEV endothelium.
The identity and witness of Arab pre-Islamic Arab Christianity: The Arabic language and the Bible
Authors: Grafton David D.
Published: October 2014

This article argues that Arab Christianity has had a unique place in the history of World Christianity. Rooted in a biblical witness, the origins and history of Arab Christianity have been largely forgotten or ignored. This is not primarily as a result of the fact that the Arab Christian historical legacy has been overcome by Islam. Rather, unlike other early Christian communities, the Bible was never translated into the vernacular of the Arabs. By the 7th century the language of the Qur’an became the primary standard of the Arabic language, which then became the written religious text of the Arabs. This article will explore the identity and witness of the Christian presence in Arabia and claims that the development of an Arabic Bible provides a unique counter-example to what most missiologists have assumed as the basis for the spread of the Christian faith as a result of the translation of the Christian scriptures into a vernacular.
CORM: An R Package Implementing the Clustering of Regression Models Method for Gene Clustering
Authors: Shi Jiejun , Qin Li-Xuan
Published: October 2014

We report a new R package implementing the clustering of regression models (CORM) method for clustering genes using gene expression data and provide data examples illustrating each clustering function in the package. The CORM package is freely available at CRAN from http://cran.r-project.org .
Unsupervised Outlier Profile Analysis
Authors: Ghosh Debashis , Li Song
Published: October 2014

In much of the analysis of high-throughput genomic data, “interesting” genes have been selected based on assessment of differential expression between two groups or generalizations thereof. Most of the literature focuses on changes in mean expression or the entire distribution. In this article, we explore the use of C(α) tests, which have been applied in other genomic data settings. Their use for the outlier expression problem, in particular with continuous data, is problematic but nevertheless motivates new statistics that give an unsupervised analog to previously developed outlier profile analysis approaches. Some simulation studies are used to evaluate the proposal. A bivariate extension is described that can accommodate data from two platforms on matched samples. The proposed methods are applied to data from a prostate cancer study.
Trends in particle-phase liquid water during the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study
Authors: Nguyen T. K. V. , Petters M. D. , Suda S. R. , Guo H. , Weber R. J. , Carlton A. G.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. We present in situ measurements of particle-phase liquid water. Measurements were conducted from 3 June to 15 July 2013 during the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) in the southeastern US. The region is photochemically active, humid, dominated by biogenic emissions, impacted by anthropogenic pollution, and known to contain high concentrations of organic aerosol mass. Measurements characterized mobility number size distributions of ambient atmospheric aerosols in three states: unperturbed, dry, and dry-humidified. Unperturbed measurements describe the aerosol distribution at ambient temperature and relative humidity. For the dry state, the sample was routed through a cold trap upstream of the inlet then reheated, while for the dry-humidified state the sample was rehumidified after drying. The total volume of water and semi-volatile compounds lost during drying was quantified by differencing dry and unperturbed volumes from the integrated size spectra, while semi-volatile volumes lost during drying were quantified differencing unperturbed and dry-humidified volumes. Results indicate that particle-phase liquid water was always present. Throughout the SOAS campaign, median water mass concentrations at the relative humidity (RH) encountered in the instrument typically ranged from 1 to 5 μg m−3 but were as high as 73 μg m−3. On non-raining days, morning time (06:00–09:00) median mass concentrations exceeded 15 μg m−3. Hygroscopic growth factors followed a diel cycle and exceed 2 from 07:00 to 09:00 local time. The hygroscopicity parameter kappa ranged from 0.14 to 0.46 and hygroscopicity increased with increasing particle size. An observed diel cycle in kappa is consistent with changes in aerosol inorganic content and a dependency of the hygroscopicity parameter on water content. Unperturbed and dry-humidified aerosol volumes did not result in statistically discernible differences, demonstrating that drying did not lead to large losses in dry particle volume. We anticipate that our results will help improve the representation of aerosol water content and aqueous-phase-mediated partitioning of atmospheric water-soluble gases in photochemical models.
Methodology for determining multilayered temperature inversions
Authors: Fochesatto G. J.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) exhibit multilayered thermal structure especially in polar atmosphere during extreme winters. These thermal inversions are originated based on the combined forcing of local and large scale synoptic meteorology. At the local scale the thermal inversion layer forms near the surface and plays a central role in controlling the surface radiative cooling; however, depending upon the large scale synoptic meteorological forcing, an upper level thermal inversion can also exist topping the local ABL. In this article a numerical methodology is developed to determine all-thermal inversion layers present in a given temperature profile and deduce some of their thermodynamic properties. The algorithm extract from the temperature profile the most important temperature variations defining thermal layers. This is accomplished by a inear interpolation function of variable length that minimizes an error function. The algorithm functionality is demonstrated on actual radiosonde profiles to deduce all-present inversion layers with an error fraction set independently.