APPLICATION OF EDUCATIONAL FORMS AND METHODS AS A CONDITION FOR THE FORMATION OF THE COGNITIVE ACTIVITY OF CHILDREN OF OLDER PRESCHOOL AGE
Authors:   Borys Grinchenko Kyiv Metropolitan University, Ponomarenko Tetiana , Kuzina Oksana ,   Borys Grinchenko Kyiv Metropolitan University
Published: November 2024

The research highlights the relevance of the problem of cognitive activity formation in older preschool children based on the use of educational forms and methods as a condition for the formation of the quality under research. The subject of the research is the application of a complex of traditional and innovative educational methods and forms of teacher interaction with children in the educational process of a preschool education institution as a pedagogical condition for the effective formation of cognitive activity in children of the sixth year of life. The purpose and tasks of the research are determined. The purpose of the research: theoretical substantiation and experimental verification of the effective formation of cognitive activity of older preschoolers based on the application of a complex of traditional and innovative educational methods and forms of interaction between the teacher and children in the educational process of the preschool education institution. The task of the research: to research the theoretical and methodological foundations of the formation of cognitive activity of older preschoolers based on the application of a complex of traditional and innovative educational methods and forms of interaction between the teacher and children in the educational process of the preschool education institution; determine and experimentally verify the effectiveness of using a complex of traditional and innovative educational methods and forms of interaction between the teacher and children in the educational process of the preschool education institution. Its methodological, theoretical, methodical foundations are outlined. The methodological basis of the research is: scientific provisions of the philosophy of education; philosophical ideas of humanism and modern concepts of humanization of education; theories of personality and its development in activity; concepts of systemic, competence-based, activity-oriented, personally oriented, axiological methodological approaches to education and personality development; fundamental ideas, concepts, scientific provisions and postulates related to determining the content of the cognitive activity of an individual. Contradictions have been identified that do not contribute to the effective formation of cognitive activity in the conditions of a preschool education institution. The results of the research of various aspects of the problem of the formation of a child's cognitive activity in a number of psychological and pedagogical studies are outlined. The essence of the main concepts of the research – «cognitive activity of children of older preschool age», «condition», «pedagogical condition», «form of educational interaction with children», «educational method», «educational reception» have been clarified. Alternative, interactive forms used by practicing teachers in the conditions of a preschool education institution are distinguished and vary and are modified in the context of face-to-face, group, pair and individual formats of communication. The classification of traditional educational methods (verbal, visual, practical) is presented. A number of innovative methods (analytical, synthetic, inductive, deductive) and methods classified according to the degree of independence of children's thinking, the intensity of their cognitive activity during the educational process (reproductive, explanatory, problematic, partially exploratory, research) are characterized. A group of modern methods that are effective for the formation of cognitive activity in children of the sixth year of life (methods: graphic models (or illustrative); imitation (or role-playing); projects) and factors determining the effectiveness of their actualization are outlined. The effectiveness of the implementation of such a pedagogical condition for the formation of cognitive activity in children of the sixth grade as the application of a complex of traditional and innovative educational forms and methods of interaction of the teacher with children in the educational process of the preschool education institution was experimentally verified. Features of the application of a complex combination of traditional and innovative methods, techniques, forms of organization of various types of children's activities are highlighted. Positive results of the experimental test were found. Conclusion: the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the results of the control stage of the experiment testified to the growth of the level of development of cognitive activity in children of the sixth year of life and made it possible to draw a conclusion about the effectiveness of the proposed experimental-pedagogical activity on the formation of the researched quality in the conditions of the preschool education institution. The practical significance of the obtained research results was determined. The determination and verification of the effectiveness of pedagogical support in the formation of cognitive activity in children of older preschool age in the conditions of a preschool education institution requires further scientific research.