bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Navigating Institutional Barriers as a Graduate Student with a Criminal Record
Authors: McTier Terrence S.
Published: November 2021

Much of the research on college students with criminal records focuses on their undergraduate experiences in traditional higher education settings. In this study, attention is given to graduate students’ experiences. Specifically, I explore how graduate students are navigating through institutional barriers while possessing a criminal record. Through the use of a pre-questionnaire form, a semi-structured interview, and a concept mapping exercise, I was able to collect 10 students’ perspectives to show how they (1) chose to navigate through institutional barriers by proving themselves to others and (2) by choosing if and when to disclose their criminal records. Several implications for practice and research are offered so that graduate programs can use these suggestions to ensure that graduate students with criminal records have access to an equitable education.
Addressing Pediatric Developmental and Mental Health in Primary Care Using Tele-Education
Authors: Harrison Joyce N. , Steinberg Janna , Wilms Floet Anna Maria Louise , Grace Nancy , Menon Deepa , German Rebecca , Chen Belinda , Yenokyan Gayane , Leppert Mary L. O’Connor
Published: November 2021

This study evaluates the effectiveness of an early childhood tele-education program in preparing community pediatric clinicians to manage developmental and mental health disorders in young children. Community pediatric clinicians from rural, underserved, or school-based health center practices in the mid-Atlantic region participated in a weekly tele-education videoconference. There was a significant knowledge gain evidenced by the percentage of questions answered correctly from pre- to post- didactic exposure ( P < .001). Participants reported an increase in knowledge from pre- ( P < .001) and in confidence from pre- to post- participation ( P < .001). Practice management changes demonstrated an encouraging trend toward managing patients in the Medical Home, as compared with immediately deferring to specialists following participation. This early childhood tele-education videoconferencing program is a promising response to the urgent need to confidently increase the role of pediatricians in the provision of care for childhood developmental and mental health disorders.
Interrogating parenting and intergenerational relationships within national and transnational contexts
Authors: Atterberry Adrienne Lee , McCallum Derrace Garfield , Lu Yifei
Published: November 2021

This introduction provides an overview of contemporary debates related to parenting and intergenerational relationships within national and transnational contexts. Its aim is to further the dialogue on contemporary family life in the 21st century. This special sub-section furthers our understanding of contemporary family life by situating the featured articles within debates on social inequality and social mobility; the intersections of globalization, education, and social inequality; racial and ethnic socialization; and the diversity of migrant families’ multi-local experiences. As such, this introduction – in conjunction with the featured articles – encourages readers to consider the connections between the broader changes taking place in contemporary social life and their impact on the practical and symbolic aspects of family life.
Trauma exposure and factors associated with ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD in the Lithuanian general population
Authors: Kvedaraite Monika , Gelezelyte Odeta , Kairyte Agniete , Roberts Neil P , Kazlauskas Evaldas
Published: November 2021

Background:

After the inclusion of a novel diagnosis of Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD) in the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), there is a growing need for research focused on not only studying the underlying risk factors of this disorder but also differentiating the risk factors of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and CPTSD to understand better the factors leading to CPTSD onset and symptom maintenance.

Aims:

This study aimed to explore the prevalence of traumatic experiences, trauma-related disorders and risk factors associated with ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD in a population-based Lithuanian sample using the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ).

Methods:

The study sample included 885 participants (age M[ SD] = 37.96 [14.67], 63.4% female). The Life Events Checklist was used to measure trauma exposure, PTSD and CPTSD symptoms were measured by the Lithuanian ITQ version. The Disclosure of Trauma Questionnaire (DTQ) was used to measure the urge or reluctance to talk about trauma.

Results:

The prevalence of at least one traumatic experience in the study sample was 81.4%. The prevalence of PTSD and CPTSD among the general population in Lithuania was 5.8% and 1.8%, respectively. Accumulative lifetime trauma exposure, sexual assault and assault with a weapon were significant predictors for both PTSD and CPTSD. Participants from the CPTSD group reported greater reluctance to disclose trauma and stronger emotional reactions than no diagnosis and PTSD groups. Results also indicate that the Lithuanian ITQ version is a valid measure for screening PTSD and CPTSD in the general population.

Conclusion:

Previous history of trauma and interpersonal trauma were associated with posttraumatic stress disorders but did not differentiate between PTSD and CPTSD in our study. However, social trauma-related factors, such as trauma disclosure, were associated with stronger CPTSD symptoms.
Wellbeing and mental health amongst medical students in Canada
Authors: Wilkes Thomas Christopher , Lewis Thomas , Paget Mike , Holm Johanna , Brager Nancy , Bulloch Andy , Macmaster Frank , Molodynski Andrew , Bhugra Dinesh
Published: November 2021

Research:

There is abundant data revealing that there is significant rate of rates of Psychiatric morbidity, psychological stress, and burnout in the medical student population. A core study group in the UK collaborated with 12 countries around the world to review medical student wellness. In this context we surveyed 101 medical students at the Cummings medical school, Calgary, Canada during the height of the COVID pandemic regarding their wellbeing and mental health.

Results/main findings:

Prior to medical school 27% reported a diagnosis with a mental disorder. Whilst at medical school 21% reported a mental health condition, most commonly an anxiety disorder and or depressive disorder. The most commonly reported source of stress was study at 81%, the second being relationships at 62%, money stress was a significant source of stress for 35%, and finally 10% reported accommodation or housing as stressful. Interestingly only 14% tested CAGE positive but 20% of students reported having taken a non-prescription substance to feel better or regulate their mood. Seventy-five percent of medical students met specific case criteria for exhaustion on the Oldenburg Burnout inventory 74% met criteria for the GHQ questionnaire.

Conclusions:

These findings confirm that medical students are facing significant stressors during their training. These stressors include, in order of frequency, study, relational, financial, and accommodation issues. Nonprescription Substance use was a common finding as well as exhaustion and psychiatric morbidity. Future interventions pursued will have to address cultural issues as well as the organizational and individual determinates of stress.
Education and the Household in the Pastoral Epistles
Authors: MacDonald Margaret Y.
Published: November 2021

The article examines the convergence of studies on the Pastoral Epistles, with greater attention to the theme of education as a key to the purpose of the documents. The close association between the household and education is considered in an effort to shed light on the presentations of Timothy and Titus, emerging leadership roles, intergenerational instruction, and constructions of gender.
Sales and Self: The Noneconomic Value of Selling the Fruits of One's Labor
Authors: Schnurr Benedikt , Fuchs Christoph , Maira Elisa , Puntoni Stefano , Schreier Martin , van Osselaer Stijn M.J.
Published: November 2021

A core assumption across many disciplines is that producers enter market exchange relationships for economic reasons. This research examines an overlooked factor; namely, the socioemotional benefits of selling the fruits of one's labor. Specifically, the authors find that individuals selling their products interpret sales as a signal from the market that serves as a source of self-validation, thus increasing their happiness above and beyond any monetary rewards from those sales. This effect highlights an information asymmetry that is opposite to what is found in traditional signaling theory. That is, the authors find that customers have information about product quality that they signal to the producer, validating the producer's skill level. Furthermore, the sales-as-signal effect is moderated by characteristics of the purchase transaction that determine the signal strength of sales: The effect is attenuated when product choice does not reflect a deliberate decision and is amplified when buyers incur higher monetary costs. In addition, sales have a stronger effect on happiness than alternative, nonmonetary forms of market signals such as likes. Finally, the sales-as-signal effect is more pronounced when individuals sell their self-made (vs. other-made) products and affects individuals’ happiness beyond the happiness gained from producing.
Repertoires of conflict-related sexual violence: Introducing the RSVAC data package
Authors: Dumaine Logan , Nordås Ragnhild , Gargiulo Maria , Wood Elisabeth Jean
Published: November 2021

Scholars increasingly call for documentation and analysis of specific forms of conflict-related sexual violence. Moreover, accountability for crimes is stronger when specific patterns of victimization are documented. This article introduces the Repertoires of Sexual Violence in Armed Conflict (RSVAC) data package, which assembles reports from 1989 to 2015 of forms of sexual violence by government/states forces, insurgent/rebel organizations, and pro-government militias for each conflict and year. RSVAC compiles the reported prevalence of eight forms of sexual violence – rape, sexual slavery and forced marriage, forced prostitution, sexual mutilation, forced pregnancy, forced sterilization and abortion, non-penetrative sexual torture, and sexual abuse (as well as that of multiple-perpetrator reports of each form). It includes extensive qualitative notes on reported incidents, as well as ‘conflict manuscripts’ that include the relevant portions of source documents. Disaggregating ‘sexual violence’ into its distinct forms enables analysis of the reported presence of forms of sexual violence across time, conflicts, and organizations. We illustrate its usefulness by highlighting hitherto neglected global patterns it suggests, and also discuss limitations, potential biases and underreporting that users need to take into account. We outline several research questions that the data can help answer and suggest how the data package could inform policy efforts to address sexual violence and its consequences.
Intestinal Spirochaetosis-A case series from the developing world
Authors: Majid Zain , Abrar Ghazi , Ismail Hina , Danish Muhammad , Mubarak Muhammad , Luck Nasir
Published: November 2021

Spirochaetes comprise a heterogenous group of gram negative, motile, spiral shaped bacteria. Some of these pathogens are known to cause numerous human diseases such as Lyme disease, relapsing fever, syphilis and leptospirosis. However, intestinal spirochetosis is a rare condition. Patients frequently present with long-term complaints of loose stools, abdominal pain and weight loss and rectal bleeding. Hence to establish a diagnosis an endoscopy with biopsy is required. In this article, we describe four such cases, having different ages and socio- economic background, successfully treated with a short course of metronidazole.
Firefighters and Spouses: Hostility, Satisfaction, and Conflict
Authors: Pasca Romana , Wagner Shannon L.
Published: November 2021

The present project contributes to the literature on firefighters and spousal relationships through consideration of life satisfaction, marital satisfaction, and couple conflict for a sample of Canadian firefighters. Thirty four firefighter/spouse dyads completed measures of satisfaction, mental health, and conflict. Our results showed that firefighters self-reported more hostility than their spouses, but that there was no significant difference between firefighters and spouses with respect to life of marital satisfaction. Firefighters and spouses also differed in expression of dissatisfaction, in that firefighters were more likely to express dissatisfaction through physical or indirect expressions of aggression, and spouses were more likely to express dissatisfaction through anger. Understanding alternative presentations of dissatisfaction may be helpful to both the spousal couple, in terms of understanding one another, and also in therapeutic relationships where emotional expression may be interpreted.
Correlation of heart rate recovery and heart rate variability with atrial fibrillation progression
Authors: Yoon Gwang-Seok , Choi Seong-Huan , Kwon Sung Woo , Park Sang-Don , Shin Sung-Hee , Woo Seong-Ill , Kwan Jun , Kim Dae-Hyeok , Baek Yong-Soo
Published: November 2021

Objective

To examine the combination of heart rate recovery (HRR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in predicting atrial fibrillation (AF) progression.

Methods

Data from patients with a first detected episode of AF who underwent treadmill exercise testing and 24-h Holter electrocardiography were retrospectively analysed. Autonomic dysfunction was verified using HRR values. Sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation was analysed by HRV. AF progression was defined as transition from the first detected paroxysmal episode to persistent/permanent AF.

Results

Of 306 patients, mean LF/HF ratio and HRR did not differ significantly by AF progression regardless of age (< or ≥65 years). However, when the LF/HF ratio was divided into tertiles, in patients aged <65 years, the mid LF/HF (1.60–2.40) ratio was significantly associated with lower AF progression rates and longer maintenance of normal sinus rhythm. For patients aged <65 years, less metabolic equivalents were related to higher AF progression rates. For patients aged ≥65 years, a low HRR was associated with high AF progression rates.

Conclusion

In relatively younger age, high physical capacity and balanced autonomic nervous system regulation are important predictors of AF progression. Evaluation of autonomic function assessed by age could predict AF progression.
Acute spinal cord infarction after multilevel en bloc corpectomy: a case report and literature review
Authors: He Shaohui , Zhang Yue , Bi Yifeng , Wei Haifeng
Published: November 2021

Spinal cord infarction (SCI) is a catastrophic neurologic deficit following spine surgery. Because of the opposite management regimens used for SCI and acute epidural hematoma, accurate diagnosis of SCI is of great importance to maximally reserve neurologic functions and improve outcomes. A 21-year-old man developed acute paralysis and sensory deficits of the bilateral lower limbs shortly after undergoing two-stage combined posterior and anterior multilevel en bloc corpectomy. An emergency second-look surgery revealed wide-spectrum blackness of the thecal sac with no signs of an epidural hematoma. The patient underwent anticoagulation therapy, ventilation support, microcirculation perfusion, and fluid optimization. He regained an ambulatory status without other severe complications. Upon discharge, his muscle strength had returned to grade 4 and his Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score had decreased to 0. At the final 48-month follow-up, the implants were in good position without local recurrence, and the patient was able to lead an independent life and work in his full capacity. An epidural hematoma did not appear to be the cause of SCI after spinal tumor surgery in this case; however, SCI was a possible reason for the acute paralysis. Anticoagulation treatment with adjuvant therapies may be an effective option in managing SCI.
Investigating the Temporal Instability in Injury Severity Outcomes of Clear and Adverse Weather Crashes on Rural Mountainous Highways
Authors: Ahmed Irfan U. , Ahmed Mohamed M.
Published: November 2021

Analysis of driver injury severity based on weather conditions on rural highways is limited in the literature. Such analyses provide insights useful to policymakers in optimizing the allocation of limited resources based on weather conditions. Furthermore, if there is a possibility of factors exhibiting temporal instability, then an aggregate analysis can lead to erroneous allocation of funds. In this study, separate models for clear and adverse weather conditions were developed for each of the years from 2015 to 2019 using crash data from a rural mountainous highway corridor. A random-intercept Bayesian logistic approach was used to analyze the dichotomous injury severity response and capture the between-crash variance. An efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling technique known as the No-U-Turn Hamiltonian Monte Carlo was employed to sample the posterior distributions of parameter estimates. Likelihood ratio tests provided statistical significance of the temporal instability and also the differences in driver injury severities resulting from clear and adverse weather crashes. While most of the variables demonstrated temporal instability, some factors exhibited temporal stability over a short period of time and only during clear weather conditions. Findings from the separate models suggest that there are major differences in both the combination and magnitude of the significant contributing factors. Implementation of confirmatory warning signs, variable message signs, connected vehicle technology, strict enforcements during different times and locations, and driver awareness programs have been recommended as suitable countermeasures. The findings and recommendations could potentially help in guiding the respective agencies in formulating injury severity mitigation policies and strategies.
Addressing Hispanic Obesity Disparities Using a Community Health Worker Model Grounded in Motivational Interviewing
Authors: Brown Louis D. , Vasquez Denise , Lopez Diane I. , Portillo Erin M.
Published: November 2021

Purpose

To determine whether Hispanic residents receiving the Healthy Fit intervention enhanced with Motivational Interviewing (MI) experienced greater improvements in body composition, relative to participants receiving the initial intervention.

Design

Quasi-experimental evaluation.

Setting

El Paso, Texas.

Sample

Among 656 baseline participants, 374 (54%) completed the 12-month assessment.

Intervention

In Healthy Fit, community health workers (CHWs) promote nutrition and exercise. To strengthen intrinsic motivation and help participants overcome barriers to change, we incorporated a 30-minute motivational interview into the baseline assessment. Follow-up phone calls at 1, 3, and 6 months were identical across conditions.

Measures

CHWs assessed body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BFP) using a bioelectrical impedance scale.

Analysis

Regression models estimated differences between intervention conditions on change in BMI and BFP from baseline to the 12-month assessment.

Results

Participants receiving MI had 2.13 times higher odds of losing weight (OR = 2.14, 95% CI [1.30, 3.53], P = .003) and 2.59 times higher odds of reduced BFP (OR = 2.59, 95% CI [1.51, 4.41], P < .001), relative to initial intervention participants. MI participants lost an average of 1.23 kg (2.71 lbs.) and their BFP declined 2% over 12 months.

Conclusion

Findings suggest CHW use of MI is a promising approach for promoting incremental changes in diet and exercise, which Healthy Fit integrates into a low-cost intervention.
Human health risk assessment of toxic elements in soils and crops around Xiaoqinling gold-mining area, Northwestern China
Authors: Yang Min , Zhang Jianghua , Chen Huaqing , Ke Hailing , Xu Youning
Published: November 2021

The threat to the quality and safety of agricultural products from toxic elemental pollution is a critical contemporary problem. Extensive mining and lax management in the Xiaoqinling gold-mining area from 1986 to 2000 have increased the toxic element concentrations in soils, groundwater, and crops around the mines. Long-term excessive intake of Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Zn can cause serious life-threatening human diseases, such as hydromelalgia, lead poisoning, Itai Itai disease, chronic rhinopathy, and acute hemolysis. Influenced by local environmental conditions, toxic elements in soils and crops enter the food chain and endanger human health. To determine the health risks from toxic elements introduced by mineral exploitation in Xiaoqinling, soil, wheat, and corn samples were analyzed for Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Cu, and Zn content. The contamination risks of toxic elements in soils were assessed using the single pollution index and risk assessment code method. The human health risks from toxic elements through wheat and corn consumption were evaluated using transfer factor (TF) and hazard quotient (HQ). The results indicated severe Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn accumulation in the mining-affected soils. The TF revealed a relatively easier transformation of Cd, Zn, and Cu from soil to crops, and the HQ showed a high risk of Pb intake from wheat and corn.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Earnings Management: An Evidence from Financial Reporting in European Firms
Authors: Lassoued Naima , Khanchel Imen
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study is to determine the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on earnings management practices. Focusing on a sample of 2,031 firms listed in 15 European countries, the study uses three discretionary accrual metrics as a proxy for earnings management ( Dechow et al., 1995 ; Kothari et al., 2005 ; McNichols, 2002 ) models. To this end, ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions are applied to compare earnings management during the pre-pandemic period (2017q1–2019q4) and the pandemic period (2020q1–2020q4). The results indicate that the sample firms tend to manage earnings during the pandemic period than during the preceding period. This finding implies a reduced reliability of the financial reports during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further analysis provides evidence of significant income-increasing earnings management during 2020. This finding suggests that firms manage earnings upward by alleviating the level of reported losses to rebuild investor and stakeholder confidence needed to support the economic recovery.
Efficiency of Shadow Banks in India and Its Drivers
Authors: Bhattacharjee Nandita , Pati Ambika Prasad
Published: November 2021

With the growth of shadow banking (SB) across the globe, their importance as an inevitable segment of the financial system is already established. Therefore, along with banking institutions, the assessment of the efficiency of this segment has become imperative. This article tries to look into the aspects of their efficiency in the Indian context. With the data set of all the listed companies in the SB category for the past 10 years, the efficiency score is ascertained and the drivers of efficiency are identified. Data envelopment analysis and Malmquist Index are employed to ascertain the efficiency score and analyse the efficiency change, respectively. Tobit regression is employed to identify the drivers of efficiency. The findings reveal that many of the firms are operating at the efficiency frontier with the maximum score of 1, and few others are yet to achieve the same. The size of the institution, earning capacity and liquidity drive the efficiency further, whereas the quality of the assets drags it down. There is a need to improve the managerial efficiency for inefficient firms to achieve economies of scale and optimum efficiency. As size has emerged as an important driver, small SBs need to scale up their operation. Furthermore, there is a need to improve the quality of loan assets.
Investigating the Nexus Between FDI and Institutional Quality: Evidence from Morocco
Authors: Belfqih Hamza , Qafas Ahlam , Jerry Mounir
Published: November 2021

This article investigates the relationship between institutional quality and foreign direct investment (FDI) in Morocco using a large set of institutional quality variables over the period 1970–2016. The study uses ARDL bounds testing approach with structural breaks and Granger causality. The analysis is then extended to the disaggregated sub-components to discern the inherent dynamics of institutional quality. The study finds several relationships between FDI and various aspects of institutional quality. Results from both models conclude with policy recommendations.
Capecitabine-induced leukoencephalopathy in a patient with triple-negative breast cancer: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Liu Li , Brown Erika N , Abu-Shahin Fadi I
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Capecitabine is an orally administered prodrug that converts preferentially to 5-fluorouracil within tumors, resulting in enhanced concentrations of 5-fluorouracil in tumor tissue. The use of capecitabine has shown efficacy in the metastatic setting for breast cancer, and more recently, efficacy as adjuvant therapy for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Capecitabine has been shown to be well tolerated with minimal side effects, but the incidence of leukoencephalopathy is rare with a risk of less than one percent.

Case report

We report on a 34-year-old female patient with left TNBC, moderately differentiated, stage IIB that experienced symptoms of neurotoxicity following initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy with capecitabine.

Management and outcome

Naranjo Algorithm Assessment score of nine indicated patient had drug-induced leukoencephalopathy leading to discontinuation of capecitabine and resolution of the neurotoxicity symptoms.

Discussion

Early detection of capecitabine-induced neurotoxicity by magnetic resonance imaging is crucial as symptoms may be reversible to the condition that capecitabine is immediately discontinued.
Brachial artery aneurysm as a late complication of arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Janeckova Jana , Bachleda Petr , Koleckova Marketa , Utikal Petr
Published: November 2021

Introduction:

Brachial artery aneurysm (BAA) is a rare late complication of arteriovenous fistula (AVF). It brings the risk of peripheral embolism and hand ischemia and is defined by brachial artery diameter above 10 mm or by regional dilatation by >50%. BAA is described in the literature in closed radiocephalic arteriovenous fistulas after kidney transplantation. The aim of the study was to analyze the prevalence of BAA and of their more dangerous forms.

Method:

A observational one center study performed on patients after kidney transplantation with AVF or arteriovenous graft (AVG). We invited all patients followed up for kidney transplantation in our center. Arterial diameter greater than 10 mm was considered as a brachial artery aneurysm to simplify the detection and evaluation of aneurysms.

Results:

About 162 patients with AVF after kidney transplantation were examined between 4/2018 and 4/2020. Brachial artery aneurysm was detected in 34 patients (21%) with AVF or AVG, of them 7 had confirmed wall thrombi. AVF flow volume of more than 1500 ml/min increased the risk of BAA development by 4.54x. Eight aneurysms were treated surgically. After this surgery, the primary patency was 87.5% in 12 months.

Conclusion:

Brachial artery aneurysm was relatively frequent in our study compare to the literature. Aneurysm or dilatation of the brachial artery is more frequent in functional AVFs. Surgical correction is necessary in cases of complicated aneurysms to prevent distal embolization.
Neonatal Curettage of Large to Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevi Under Local Anesthetic: A Case Series With Long-Term Follow Up
Authors: Soong Laura C. , Bencivenga Alma , Fiorillo Loretta
Published: November 2021

Background

Neonatal curettage of large to giant congenital melanocytic nevi (L-GCMN) is a simple, minimally invasive procedure typically performed within the first 2 weeks of life.

Objectives

To retrospectively review our experience with serial curettage of L-GCMN in the neonatal period performed under local anesthesia and their long-term outcomes.

Methods

Curettage was performed by a single pediatric dermatologist on nine neonates with L-GCMN under local anesthetic and with oral analgesia between 2002 and 2016 in Red Deer, Alberta, Canada. Patient charts were reviewed retrospectively to assess patient and procedure characteristics, tolerability, safety, cosmetic and functional outcomes, and malignant transformation.

Results

Patients were treated with an average of 6 curettage sessions (range 3 to 15) to remove the majority or entirety of the nevus. All patients tolerated local anesthesia well. The most common adverse event of the procedure was transient neutropenia. Two patients developed positive bacterial cultures without clinical signs of infection, treated with antibiotics. All curetted specimens demonstrated benign pathology. Patients were followed annually thereafter, for an average of 6 years. Eight patients with L-GCMN of the trunk had minimal to partial repigmentation with good cosmetic outcome. One patient had recurrence of a facial nevus. None of the patients developed cutaneous malignant melanoma.

Conclusions

Curettage appears to be a safe and effective treatment option for select cases of L-GCMNs of the trunk. We do not recommend the procedure for face or scalp CMN. This procedure can be performed under local anesthesia with serial curettage to avoid potential risks of general anesthesia.
Black Lives Matter goes global: Connective action meets cultural hybridity in Brazil, India, and Japan
Authors: Shahin Saif , Nakahara Junki , Sánchez Mariana
Published: November 2021

This study examines the global diffusion of Black Lives Matter (BLM) as digitally networked connective action. Combining social network analysis with qualitative textual analysis, we show that BLM was hybridized in different ways to give voice to local struggles for social justice in Brazil, India, and Japan. However, BLM’s hybridization stirred right-wing backlash within these countries that not only targeted local movements but BLM too. Theoretically, we argue that both transnational contiguities and intra-cultural tensions shape the construction of meanings—or “action frames”—as connective action crosses cultural borders. Resonant frames, which are in harmony with the values of the movement, amplify the features of the global movement that resonate with local concerns or hybridize it with a local struggle. Reactionary frames, which are hostile to movement values, may also target the global movement or its hybridization. We theorize the different roles of global and local crowd-enabled elites in transnational connective action.
Preventing moral conflicts in patient care: Insights from a mixed-methods study with clinical experts
Authors: Schürmann Jan , Vaitaityte Gabriele , Reiter-Theil Stella
Published: November 2021

Background and aim

Healthcare professionals are regularly exposed to moral challenges in patient care potentially compromising quality of care and safety of patients. Preventive clinical ethics support aims to identify and address moral problems in patient care at an early stage of their development. This study investigates the occurrence, risk factors, early indicators, decision parameters, consequences and preventive measures of moral problems.

Method

Semi-structured expert interviews were conducted with 20 interprofessional healthcare professionals from 2 university hospitals in Basel, Switzerland. A Likert scale questionnaire was completed by the interviewees and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results

Healthcare professionals are frequently exposed to a variety of moral problems, such as end-of-life decisions, resource allocation and assessing the patient's will or decisional capacity. Thirty-four different risk factors for moral problems are identified, e.g. patient vulnerability, divergent values or world views, inadequate resources or poor ethical climate. Twenty-one early indicators are recognised such as disagreement between healthcare professionals, patients and relatives, emotional disturbances, gut feeling or conflict of conscience. A variety of preventive measures are suggested and presented in a preventive clinical ethics support process model. The most helpful measures are early ethical conversations with colleagues, early team-internal ethical case discussions and an ethics-trained contact person on the ward. Ethics training, kerbside consultations, proactive ethics consultations, ethics screening and rounds are also considered helpful.

Conclusions

Clinical ethics support services should not only offer reactive and complex, but also proactive and low-threshold support for healthcare professionals, patients and relatives.
QEEG Biomarkers for ECT Treatment Response in Schizophrenia
Authors: Cheng Jiayue , Ren Yanyan , Gu Qiumeng , He Yongguang , Wang Zhen
Published: November 2021

Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a clinically effective treatment for schizophrenia (SZD). However, studies have shown that only about 50 to 80% of patients show response to ECT. To identify the most suitable patients for ECT, developing biomarkers predicting ECT response remains an important goal. This study aimed to explore the quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) biomarkers to predict ECT efficacy. Methods: Thirty patients who met DSM-5 criteria for SZD and had been assigned to ECT were recruited. 32-lead Resting-EEG recordings were collected one hour before the initial ECT treatment. Positive and negative symptoms scale (PANSS) was assessed at baseline and after the eighth ECT session. EEG data were analyzed using mutual information. Results: In the brain network density threshold range of 0.05 to 0.2, the assortativity of the right temporal, right parietal, and right occipital cortex in the response group was significantly higher than that in the non-response group ( p  <  .05) in the beta band. In the theta band, the left frontal, parietal, right occipital cortex, and central area assortativity were higher in the response group than in the non-response group ( p  <  .05). Conclusions: QEEG might be a useful approach to identify the candidate biomarker for ECT in clinical practice.
Flutter speed prediction by using deep learning
Authors: Wang Yi-Ren , Wang Yi-Jyun
Published: November 2021

Deep learning technology has been widely used in various field in recent years. This study intends to use deep learning algorithms to analyze the aeroelastic phenomenon and compare the differences between Deep Neural Network (DNN) and Long Short-term Memory (LSTM) applied on the flutter speed prediction. In this present work, DNN and LSTM are used to address complex aeroelastic systems by superimposing multi-layer Artificial Neural Network. Under such an architecture, the neurons in neural network can extract features from various flight data. Instead of time-consuming high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, this study uses the K method to build the aeroelastic flutter speed big data for different flight conditions. The flutter speeds for various flight conditions are predicted by the deep learning methods and verified by the K method. The detailed physical meaning of aerodynamics and aeroelasticity of the prediction results are studied. The LSTM model has a cyclic architecture, which enables it to store information and update it with the latest information at the same time. Although the training of the model is more time-consuming than DNN, this method can increase the memory space. The results of this work show that the LSTM model established in this study can provide more accurate flutter speed prediction than the DNN algorithm.
Race, Ethnicity, and the Scarr-Rowe Hypothesis: A Cautionary Example of Fringe Science Entering the Mainstream
Authors: Giangrande Evan J. , Turkheimer Eric
Published: November 2021

In 2020, Pesta et al. published an article entitled “Racial and Ethnic Group Differences in the Heritability of Intelligence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis” in the journal Intelligence. The authors framed their analysis as an examination of the Scarr-Rowe hypothesis, which holds that the heritability of intelligence varies as a function of socioeconomic status. Pesta et al. concluded that the heritability of intelligence does not differ across racial and ethnic groups in the United States. They claimed their results challenge the Scarr-Rowe hypothesis and support the hereditarian position that mean differences in IQ among racial and ethnic groups are attributable to genetic differences rather than environmental disparities. In this commentary, we outline severe theoretical, methodological, and rhetorical flaws in every step of Pesta et al.’s meta-analysis. The most reliable finding from Pesta et al. is consistent with the Scarr-Rowe hypothesis and directly contradicts a hereditarian understanding of group differences in intelligence. Finally, we suggest that Pesta et al. serves as an example of how racially motivated and poorly executed work can find its way into a mainstream scientific journal, underscoring the importance of robust peer review and rigorous editorial judgment in the open-science era.
Spatial and temporal intracerebral hemorrhage patterns in Dutch-type hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Authors: Voigt Sabine , Amlal Siham , Koemans Emma A , Rasing Ingeborg , van Etten Ellis S , van Zwet Erik W , van Buchem Mark A , Terwindt Gisela M , van Walderveen Marianne AA , Wermer Marieke JH
Published: November 2021

Aim

To investigate whether there is a topographical and temporal pattern of index and recurrent intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH) in Dutch-type hereditary Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (D-CAA) to increase our understanding on CAA-related ICH development.

Methods

We included patients with DNA confirmed D-CAA or a history with ≥1 lobar ICH and ≥1 first-degree relative with D-CAA. Topographical pattern was studied by location (proportion frontal/parietal/temporal/occipital; infra/supratentorial and occurrence ratios relative to lobe volume) and volume of index and recurrent ICHs were determined on CT. Temporal pattern was examined by time between recurrent ICHs was retrieved from medical records.

Results

We included 72 patients with D-CAA (mean age at index ICH 55 years) with in total 214 ICH. The median follow-up time was 7 years (range 0.8 to 28 years). All ICH were lobar and supratentorial. The index ICH was most frequently located in the occipital lobe (34% vs. 22% in the other three lobes; with index ICH occurrence ratios relative to lobe volume of 1.9 for occipital, 1.0 for temporal, 1.2 for parietal, and 0.5 for frontal, p = 0.001). In 16/47 (34%) patients with multiple ICH, the second ICH was located in the same lobe as the index ICH. The median time-interval between subsequent ICH was #1-2 ICH 27 months, #2-3 ICH 14 months, and #3-4 ICH 7 months (p = 0.6) There was no difference in volume between index and recurrent ICHs.

Conclusions

We found that index and recurrent ICHs in D-CAA have a preference for the occipital lobe and are least frequent in the frontal lobe, which adds to the existing knowledge of histopathological studies on amyloid load in CAA. Surprisingly, there was no acceleration in time nor gradual increase of hematoma volume between subsequent ICHs.
Enteral nutrition ameliorates the symptoms of Crohn's disease in mice via activating special pro-resolving mediators through innate lymphoid cells
Authors: Zhao Di , Yang Bo , Ye Chen , Zhang Shaoyi , Lv Xiaoqiong , Chen Qiyi
Published: November 2021

Crohn's disease activates the inflammatory reactions to induce intestinal disorders. Enteral nutrition (EN) could exert general immunomodulatory effects. Cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) surgery was utilized to establish Crohn's disease mice models. Survival analysis, hematoxylin-eosin staining, flow cytometry, ELISA, Western blot and liquid chromatography-tandem MS were applied. Baicalein was added to inhibit lipoxygenases. The survival rate was restored and inflammatory injury, exudate neutrophils in peritoneal lavage and serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were ameliorated by EN treatment as compared with CLP treatment. EN also increased ILC-3 content, 5/15-LOX level and RvD1-RvD5 in peritoneal lavage. Baicalein reversed all the detected effects of EN except ILC-3 content. EN could activate special pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) through ILCs to mitigate injuries of Crohn's disease.
‘Already Given Over’: Activism in Inquiry and in the World
Authors: de Andrade Marisa , Fang Nini , Murray Fiona , Rodríguez-Dorans Edgar , Stenhouse Rosie , Wyatt Jonathan
Published: November 2021

This is the second of two part-issues on qualitative inquiry as activism. The first focused upon activism and/in the academy (academic work, academic cultures, academic practices, etc.), and this second focuses upon activism in the processes of research itself and activism beyond the academy, in the world. Drawing upon Butler’s claim that we are always already, from the outset, ‘given over’ to the human, non-human and more-than-human other, we argue for qualitative research to do what it can to make the future different, better, more ethical.
Intra- and inter-observer reproducibility of r-ASRM endometriosis classification system and its components, using edited videotaped laparoscopic procedures
Authors: Padmehr Roya , Shadjoo Khadijeh , Mohazzab Arash , Gorgin Atefeh , Kargar Roxana , Tarkashvand Saba , Khazali Shaheen
Published: November 2021

Several classification systems have been proposed for endometriosis but the search for the ideal system is ongoing. While the most commonly used system has historically been r-ASRM, this system is not fit for purpose, particularly for deep endometriosis. In order to explore strategies to devise a new system and learn from problems with the existing ones, this study was designed to assess the reproducibility of each component in r-ASRM and its total score using videotaped laparoscopic procedures. Two surgeons independently scored 64 edited videos of laparoscopic endometriosis procedure, twice. Using the Kappa statistic, the agreement of the scores given was analyzed. r-ASRM showed a moderate inter-observer agreement (ƙ = 0.503) and good intra-observer agreement (ƙ = 0.774 and 0.682 for scorer 1 and 2 respectively) for overall disease staging. The agreement for each component of the system, however, was highly variable. The least agreement was observed for the peritoneum with ƙ = 0.157 and ƙ = 0.362 respectively for inter-observer and intra-observer. The lowest intra-observer agreement was seen for cul-de-sac for scorer 2 (ƙ = 0.382). Whilst the overall rASRM shows acceptable agreement between two scorers, this agreement seems to be the product of inconsistent scoring for each component.
Book review: Florian Matthey-Prakash, The Right to Education in India: The Importance of Enforceability of a Fundamental Right
Authors: Gopi Rashmi
Published: November 2021

Florian Matthey-Prakash, The Right to Education in India: The Importance of Enforceability of a Fundamental Right (Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2019), 446 pp. ₹1,495.
Book review: Elizabeth Chatterjee and Matthew McCartney, eds. Class and Conflict: Revisiting Pranab Bardhan’s Political Economy of India
Authors: Suthar Sudhir Kumar
Published: November 2021

Elizabeth Chatterjee and Matthew McCartney, eds. Class and Conflict: Revisiting Pranab Bardhan’s Political Economy of India. Delhi: Oxford University Press. 2019. 299 pages. ₹1,395
Treatment patterns and outcomes of 2310 patients with secondary acute myeloid leukemia: a PETHEMA registry study
Authors: Martínez-Cuadrón David , Megías-Vericat Juan E. , Serrano Josefina , Martínez-Sánchez Pilar , Rodríguez-Arbolí Eduardo , Gil Cristina , Aguiar Eliana , Bergua Juan , López-Lorenzo José L. , Bernal Teresa , Espadana Ana , Colorado Mercedes , Rodríguez-Medina Carlos , López-Pavía María , Tormo Mar , Algarra Lorenzo , Amigo María-Luz , Sayas María J. , Labrador Jorge , Rodríguez-Gutiérrez Juan I. , Benavente Celina , Costilla-Barriga Lissette , García-Boyero Raimundo , Lavilla-Rubira Esperanza , Vives Susana , Herrera Pilar , García-Belmonte Daniel , Herráez María Mar , Vasconcelos Esteves Graça , Gómez-Roncero Maria I. , Cabello Ana , Bautista Guiomar , Balerdi Amaia , Mariz José , Boluda Blanca , Sanz Miguel Á. , Montesinos Pau
Published: November 2021

Secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) comprises a heterogeneous group of patients and is associated with poor overall survival (OS). We analyze the characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes of adult patients with sAML in the Programa Español de Tratamientos en Hematología (PETHEMA) registry. Overall, 6211 (72.9%) were de novo and 2310 (27.1%) had sAML, divided into myelodysplastic syndrome AML (MDS-AML, 44%), MDS/myeloproliferative AML (MDS/MPN-AML, 10%), MPN-AML (11%), therapy-related AML (t-AML, 25%), and antecedent neoplasia without prior chemotherapy/radiotherapy (neo-AML, 9%). Compared with de novo, patients with sAML were older (median age, 69 years), had more Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group ≥2 (35%) or high-risk cytogenetics (40%), less FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplication (11%), and nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) mutations (21%) and received less intensive chemotherapy regimens (38%) (all P < .001). Median OS was higher for de novo than sAML (10.9 vs 5.6 months; P < .001) and shorter in sAML after hematologic disorder (MDS, MDS/MPN, or MPN) compared with t-AML and neo-AML (5.3 vs 6.1 vs 5.7 months, respectively; P = .04). After intensive chemotherapy, median OS was better among patients with de novo and neo-AML (17.2 and 14.6 months, respectively). No OS differences were observed after hypomethylating agents according to type of AML. sAML was an independent adverse prognostic factor for OS. We confirmed high prevalence and adverse features of sAML and established its independent adverse prognostic value. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02607059.