bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robótica com sucata
Authors: Garafalo Débora Denise dias
Published: February 2020

O trabalho de ROBÓTICA COM SUCATA foi desenvolvido e estruturado para transformar a vida de crianças e jovens da periferia de São Paulo. Ele traz ao palco a construção de utensílios reciclados do lixo (eletrônicos e de sucata), retirados das ruas, como forma de mediar a construção de conhecimento e de conteúdos curriculares, associados ao ensino do pensamento computacional, eletrônica, linguagem de programação e de robótica. O projeto tem atuado diretamente, na transformação da vida de jovens e crianças da comunidade escolar da rede pública de ensino e é organizado para mobilizar uma prática pedagógica formativa, que incentive a aprendizagem dos alunos pela sua criatividade e inventividade, estimulando a experimentação de ideias, exploração de pesquisas e exercício do pensamento científico para propor soluções locais à comunidade. O trabalho é autossustentável através de parcerias firmadas com empresas de reciclagem para a comercialização dos materiais que não foram utilizados no trabalho, atuando na educação ambiental, e permitindo protagonismo juvenil que busca uma solução para desenvolvimento de atividades escolares e geração de recursos para aquisição de componentes eletrônicos. Outra solução que se destaca é a reciclagem feita pela coleta de lixos de São Paulo que dão origem a construção de robôs e materiais de eletrônica. O trabalho tornou-se reconhecido nacionalmente e internacionalmente quebrando o paradigma do ensino de robótica no Brasil ao associar materiais de baixo recursos para a construção dos protótipos. Atualmente o trabalho é uma política pública no Estado de São Paulo e está em expansão na Argentina, Estados Unidos, Londres e na França.
Potential Therapeutic Role of Carnitine and Acetylcarnitine in Neurological Disorders
Authors: Maldonado Cecilia , Vázquez Marta , Fagiolino Pietro
Published: February 2020

Background:

Current therapy of neurological disorders has several limitations. Although a high number of drugs are clinically available, several subjects do not achieve full symptomatic remission. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the therapeutic potential of L-carnitine (LCAR) and acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) because of the multiplicity of actions they exert in energy metabolism, as antioxidants, neuromodulators and neuroprotectors. They also show excellent safety and tolerability profile.

Objective:

To assess the role of LCAR and ALCAR in neurological disorders.

Methods:

A meticulous review of the literature was conducted in order to establish the linkage between LCAR and ALCAR and neurological diseases.

Results:

LCAR and ALCAR mechanisms and effects were studied for Alzheimer’s disease, depression, neuropathic pain, bipolar disorder, Parkinson’s disease and epilepsy in the elderly. Both substances exert their actions mainly on primary metabolism, enhancing energy production, through β-oxidation, and the ammonia elimination via urea cycle promotion. These systemic actions impact positively on the Central Nervous System state, as Ammonia and energy depletion seem to underlie most of the neurotoxic events, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, membrane degeneration, and neurotransmitters disbalances, present in neurological disorders, mainly in the elderly. The impact on bipolar disorder is controversial. LCAR absorption seems to be impaired in the elderly due to the decrease of active transportation; therefore, ALCAR seems to be the more effective option to administer.

Conclusions:

ALCAR emerges as a simple, economical and safe adjuvant option in order to impair the progression of most neurological disorders.
Medicinal Potential of Heterocyclic Compounds from Diverse Natural Sources for the Management of Cancer
Authors: Singh Manjinder , Sharma Pratibha , Singh Pankaj Kumar , Singh Thakur Gurjeet , Saini Balraj
Published: February 2020

Natural products form a significant portion of medicinal agents that are currently used for
the management of cancer. All these natural products have unique structures along with diverse action
mechanisms with the capacity to interact with different therapeutic targets of several complex disorders.
Although plants contribute as a major source of natural products with anti-cancer potential, the
marine environment and microbes have also bestowed some substantial chemotherapeutic agents. A
few examples of anti-cancer agents of natural origin include vincristine, vinblastine, paclitaxel, camptothecin
and topotecan obtained from plants, bryostatins, sarcodictyin and cytarabine from marine organisms
and bleomycin and doxorubicin from micro-organisms (dactinomycin, bleomycin and doxorubicin).
The incredible diversity in the chemical structures and biological properties of compounds
obtained from million species of plants, marine organisms and microorganisms present in nature has
commenced a new era of potential therapeutic anti-cancer agents.
Lignans from Medicinal Plants and their Anticancer Effect
Authors: Teodor Eugenia Dumitra , Moroeanu Veronica , Radu Gabriel Lucian
Published: February 2020

Since early times, various plants have been used as remedies for treating different kinds of
diseases and lesions with satisfying results. The phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites from
medicinal plants which include a wide category of compounds such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins,
stilbenes, curcuminoids, xanthones, coumarins, lignans, etc. Between these, lignans are considered
important in cancer prevention and treatment, besides other beneficial health effects, e.g. antioxidant,
anticarcinogenic, antimutagenic, and anti-estrogenic effects. This review summarizes the most
recent literature and the most important results concerning plant lignans and their derivatives in cancer
prevention and treatment, both in vitro and in vivo assessments. The mechanistic aspects will be also
highlighted.
α-Pyridinyl Alcohols, α,α’-Pyridine Diols, α-Bipyridinyl Alcohols, and α,α’-Bipyridine Diols as Structure Motifs Towards Important Organic Molecules and Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Tole Tegene T. , Jordaan Johannes H.L. , Vosloo Hermanus C.M.
Published: February 2020

Background:

The preparation and use of pyridinyl alcohols as ligands showed incredible increment in the past three decades. Important property of pyridinyl alcoholato ligands is their strong basicity, which is mainly due to the lack of resonance stabilization of the corresponding anion. This strongly basic anionic nature gives them high ability to make bridges between metal centers rather than to bind to only one metal center in a terminal fashion. They are needed as ligands due to their ability to interact with transition metals both covalently (with oxygen) and hemilabile coordination (through nitrogen).

Objective:

The review focuses on the wide application of α-pyridinyl alcohols, α,α’-pyridine diols, α- bipyridinyl alcohols, and α,α’-bipyridine diols as structure motifs in the preparation of important organic molecules which is due to their strongly basic anionic nature.

Conclusion:

It is clear from the review that in addition to their synthetic utility in the homogeneous and asymmetric catalytic reactions, the preparation of the crown ethers, cyclic and acyclic ethers, coordinated borates (boronic esters), pyridinyl-phosphine ligands, pyridinyl-phosphite ligands, and pyridinyl-phosphinite ligands is the other broad area of application of pyridinyl alcohols. In addition to the aforementioned applications they are used for modeling mode of action of enzymes and some therapeutic agents. Their strongly basic anionic nature gives them high ability to make bridges between metal centers rather than to bind to only one metal center in a terminal fashion in the synthesis of transition metal cluster complexes. Not least numbers of single molecule magnets that can be used as storage of high density information were the result of transition metal complexes of pyridinyl alcoholato ligands.
Therapeutic Effects of Prebiotics on Constipation: A Schematic Review
Authors: Naseer Maliha , Poola Shiva , Uraz Suleyman , Tahan Veysel
Published: February 2020

Constipation is a highly prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder that may significantly affect the quality of life and health care costs. Treatment for constipation has been broadly reviewed by cognitive therapies, medications, and surgical interventions. Gut microbiota such as Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Bacteroidetes, and Lactobacilli have been demonstrated in functional gastrointestinal disorders and prebiotics to play a role in augmenting their presence. Prebiotics are ingredients in foods that remain undigested, stimulating the bacteria. There are a variety of prebiotics; however, there exists only a handful of studies that describe their efficacy for chronic constipation. The purpose of this study is to review the available literature on the utility of different commercially available prebiotics in patients with functional and chronic idiopathic constipation. To fulfil the objectives of the study, published articles in the English language on databases such as Pubmed, Ovid Medline, and EMBASE were searched. The terms prebiotics, constipation, chronic constipation, functional constipation were used. We reviewed and included 21 randomized controlled trials exploring the role of prebiotics in constipated adults. Prebiotics are effective treatments for chronic idiopathic constipation and showed improvement in the stool consistency, number of bowel moments and bloating. Although which prebiotic formulary would promote improved symptoms of constipation is still not clear.
A Rare Case Report of Dabigatran Induced Oral Ulcers
Authors: Singh Ajeet , Prabha Neel , Yadav Hitesh
Published: February 2020

Background:

Dabigatran is a novel oral anticoagulant molecule which is a direct thrombin
(Factor IIa) inhibitor and is used for prevention of stroke and systemic embolism. It is easy to
administer as compared to warfarin therapy as it does not require routine laboratory monitoring and
has fewer drug interactions.

Objective:

To present a rare case of oral ulcers secondary to dabigatran in a patient with deep vein
thrombosis.

Case Report:

A 68-year-old female presented with painful oral ulcers, retrosternal pain and difficulty
in swallowing. She had been taking capsule Dabigatran for the prevention of systemic embolism
for 2 months. She had experienced symptoms of onset taking dabigatran for 7 days. Clinical examination
revealed three tender, well-defined, clean looking ulcers of various sizes present over the
dorsum of the tongue. Dabigatran was withdrawn and the patient was on oral proton pump inhibitors.
Patient showed remarkable improvement in oral ulcers after 2 weeks.

Conclusion:

Patient education and counseling should be done regarding this side effect of
dabigatran and proper intake of this medicine.
A Review on Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Action, Ethanobotanical Uses and Nutritional Potential of Kedrostis foetidissima (Jacq.) Cogn.,
Authors: Pavithra Kalaiseziyen , Saravanan Ganapathy
Published: February 2020

Nature is an amazing source for food, shelter, clothing and medicine. An impressive number of modern drugs are isolated from many sources like plants, animals and microbes. The development of natural products from traditional medicines is of great importance to society. Modern concepts and methodologies with abundant clinical studies, unique diversity of chemical structures and biological activities aid the modern drug discovery process. Kedrostis foetidissima (Jacq.) Cogn., a traditional medicinal plant of the Cucurbitaceae family, is found in India, Sri Lanka, Ethiopia and Western Malaysia. Almost all parts of the plant are used in traditional systems of medicines and reported having medicinal properties in both in vitro and in vivo studies. In the last few years, extensive research work had been carried out using extracts and isolated phytoconstituents from Kedrostis foetidissima to confirm its pharmacology and biological activities. Many scientific reports show that crude extracts and extensive numbers of phytochemical constituents isolated from Kedrostis foetidissima have activities like antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory and various other important medicinal properties. The therapeutic properties of the plants are mainly attributed to the existence of phytoconstituents like phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and steroids. This comprehensive review in various aspects gave a brief overview of phytoconstituents, nutritional values and medicinal property of the plant and might attract the researchers to explore its medicinal activity by discovering novel biologically active compounds that can serve as a lead compound in pharmaceutical and food industry.
Oral Administration of the Food-Derived Hydrophilic Antioxidant Ergothioneine Enhances Object Recognition Memory in Mice
Authors: Nakamichi Noritaka , Nakao Shunsuke , Nishiyama Misa , Takeda Yuka , Ishimoto Takahiro , Masuo Yusuke , Matsumoto Satoshi , Suzuki Makoto , Kato Yukio
Published: February 2020

Background:

The enhancement of learning and memory through food-derived ingredients is of great interest to healthy individuals as well as those with diseases. Ergothioneine (ERGO) is a hydrophilic antioxidant highly contained in edible golden oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus cornucopiae var. citrinopileatus), and systemically absorbed by its specific transporter, carnitine/organic cation transporter OCTN1/SLC22A4.

Objective:

This study aims to examine the possible enhancement of object recognition memory by oral administration of ERGO in normal mice.

Method:

Novel object recognition test, spatial recognition test, LC-MS/MS, Golgi staining, neuronal culture, western blotting, immunocytochemistry, and quantitative RT-PCR were utilized.

Result:

After oral administration of ERGO (at a dose of 1–50 mg/kg) three times per week for two weeks in ICR mice, the novel object recognition test revealed a longer exploration time for the novel object than for the familiar object. Oral administration of ERGO also revealed a longer exploration time for the moved object in the spatial recognition test in mice fed ERGO-free diet. The discrimination index was significantly higher in the ERGO-treated group than the control in both behavioral tests. ERGO administration led to an increase in its concentration in the plasma and hippocampus. The systemic concentration reached was relevant to those found in humans after oral ERGO administration. Golgi staining revealed that ERGO administration increased the number of matured spines in the hippocampus. Exposure of cultured hippocampal neurons to ERGO elevated the expression of the synapse formation marker, synapsin I. This elevation of synapsin I was inhibited by the tropomyosin receptor kinase inhibitor, K252a. Treatment with ERGO also increased the expression of neurotrophin-3 and -5, and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin in hippocampal neurons.

Conclusion:

Oral intake of ERGO which provides its plasma concentration achievable in humans may enhance object recognition memory, and this enhancement effect could occur, at least in part, through the promotion of neuronal maturation in the hippocampus.
Maximizing Electrical Power Saving Using Capacitors Optimal Placement
Authors: Agha Ayman , Attar Hani , Alfaoury Audih , Khosravi Mohammad R.
Published: February 2020

Background:

Low power factor is regarded as one of the most dedicated issues in large scale inductive power networks, because of the lost energy in term of a reactive power. Accordingly, installing capacitors in the network improves the power factor and hence decreases the reactive power.

Methods:

This paper presents an approach to maximize the saving in terms of financial costs, energy resources, environmental protection, and also enhance the power system efficiency. Moreover, the proposed technique tends to avoid the penalties imposed over the electricity bill (in the case of the power factor drops below the permissible limit), by applying a proposed method that consists of two stages. The first stage determines the optimal amount of compensating capacitors by using a suggested analytical method. The second stage employs a statistical approach to assess the reduction in energy losses resulting from the capacitors placement in each of the network nodes. Accordingly, the expected beneficiaries from improving the power factor are mainly large inductive networks such as large scale factories and industrial field. A numerical example is explained in useful detail to show the effectiveness and simplicity of the proposed approach and how it works.

Results:

The proposed technique tends to minimize the energy losses resulted from the reactive power compensation, release the penalties imposed on electricity bills due to the low power factor. The numerical examples show that the saved cost resulted from improving the power factor, and energy loss reduction is around 10.94 % per month from the total electricity bill.

Conclusion:

The proposed technique to install capacitors has significant benefits and effective power consumption improvement when the cost of the imposed penalty is regarded as high. The tradeoff in this technique is between the cost of the installed capacitors and the saving gained from the compensation.
A UHF Compact Complex Impedance-transforming Balun with High Isolation
Authors: Nithiporndecha Kittipong , Pakasiri Chatrpol
Published: February 2020

Background:

A compact complex impedance-transforming balun for UHF frequencies,
which is based on a coupled-line structure that matched all ports and provided high output port isolation,
was designed in this paper.

Methods:

A lumped component transformation was used to minimize circuit size. The implemented circuit
operated at 433 MHz with the reflection coefficients less than -16 dB at all ports, 0.22 dB amplitude balance
and 180° phase balance at the output ports. The signal coupling between the output ports was -16.8 dB. The
circuit size is small at 0.032λ.

Results:

Complex impedance-transforming baluns were designed to operate at 433 MHz. The source impedance
at port 1 was set at Zs = 12 - j12Ω and the load impedances at port 2 and 3 were set at ZL = 80 + j30Ω.

Conclusion:

A compact complex impedance-transforming balun at UHF frequency, with all ports
matched and high isolations, was designed and illustrated in this paper.
Selenite-induced Expression of a Caenorhabditis elegans Pro-aging Factor and Ortholog of Human Selenium-binding Protein 1
Authors: Köhnlein Karl , Urban Nadine , Steinbrenner Holger , Guerrero-Gómez David , Miranda-Vizuete Antonio , Kaether Christoph , Klotz Lars-Oliver
Published: February 2020

Background:

The essential trace element and micronutrient selenium exerts most of its
biological actions through incorporation into selenoproteins as selenocysteine. Two further types of
Se-containing proteins exist, including those that have selenomethionine incorporated instead of
methionine, and the group of selenium-binding proteins. We previously described an ortholog of
selenium-binding protein 1 (SELENBP1) in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, Y37A1B.5, and
demonstrated that it confers resistance to toxic selenite concentrations while impairing general
stress resistance and life expectancy of C. elegans.

Objective:

We tested for the effect of selenite on Y37A1B.5 expression, and we analyzed whether
Y37A1B.5 also shows a lifespan-modulating effect when the nematodes are deficient in the
selenoenzyme thioredoxin reductase-1 (TRXR-1).

Methods:

C. elegans expressing a translational reporter construct encoding GFP-tagged Y37A1B.5
under the control of the Y37A1B.5 promoter were exposed to selenite, followed by fluorescence
microscopic analysis of GFP levels. Lifespan analyses and RNA interference experiments were
performed in trxr-1-deficient worms.

Results:

We here demonstrate that selenite at toxic concentrations stimulates the expression of the
translational Y37A1B.5 reporter. The lifespan-extending effect of Y37A1B.5 deficiency was
preserved upon the deletion of the only selenoprotein in C. elegans, TRXR-1.

Conclusion:

These data suggest that (1) Y37A1B.5 may serve as a selenite-responsive buffer
against high environmental selenium concentrations and that (2) lifespan extension elicited by
Y37A1B.5 knockdown does not require functional TRXR-1.
Pendidikan politik dan politik pendidikan
Authors: Sunarso Sunarso
Published: February 2020

Political education, therefore, as such, has not had a central part in curiculum, although what is often referred to as the hidden curriculum could be argued to have contributed to a political education of sorts, shaping the attitudes of students towards authoriry and implicitlY forming the values of the students in such politicallY important matters as socialjustice, racial and gender equaliry, or nationallqyaliry. But such political formation would be implicit, and indeed the protesters in the 1970s against the exploration in clasrooms of the rights and wrongs of nuclear warfare did not see that their own action enforced a particular political position as the legitimate one to be subscribed to ry teachers. Education and politics are inextricablY linked. Politics is inseparable from education, unless the country plans to generate illiterate politicians' who could not be expected to lead the republi~ out of the current crises. You cannot escape politics or separate it from education. Politics is the way to manage the broad environment, and not merelY a struggle for power. Therefore it is the dury of schools to help students dijJerentiate between good politics and bad politics.
Alternatif penyelesaian sengketa asuransi melalui Badan Mediasi Asuransi Indonesia (BMAI)
Authors: Puspitasari Chandra Dewi
Published: February 2020

Insurance began to interest the public as a wqy to transfer risk. The important thing is that people should be able to choose health insurance companies (solvent), a reasonable premium rate, a good investment performance (Liquid, safe, and productive), to pay claims on time, do not make poliry holders, to report correctfy and on time, and did not violate an existing report. In practice, disputes often arise between the insurer and the insured Disputes can be resolved through Indonesian Insurance Mediation Board (BMAI). BMAI dispute settlement through the mediation process begins with. if the mediation process fails, will proceed to the level of aqjudication. In addition, if the insured can not accept the decision at the aqjudication level, so that he can bring the dispute to arbitration or court. But besides these advantages, BMAI also not free from some weaknesses. However, their presence is still needed to be one of the alternative dispute resolution insurance agencies in Indonesia.
A Physician-Completed Digital Tool for Evaluating Disease Progression (Multiple Sclerosis Progression Discussion Tool): Validation Study
Authors: Ziemssen Tjalf , Piani-Meier Daniela , Bennett Bryan , Johnson Chloe , Tinsley Katie , Trigg Andrew , Hach Thomas , Dahlke Frank , Tomic Davorka , Tolley Chloe , Freedman Mark S
Published: February 2020

Background

Defining the transition from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) can be challenging and delayed. A digital tool (MSProDiscuss) was developed to facilitate physician-patient discussion in evaluating early, subtle signs of multiple sclerosis (MS) disease progression representing this transition.

Objective

This study aimed to determine cut-off values and corresponding sensitivity and specificity for predefined scoring algorithms, with or without including Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores, to differentiate between RRMS and SPMS patients and to evaluate psychometric properties.

Methods

Experienced neurologists completed the tool for patients with confirmed RRMS or SPMS and those suspected to be transitioning to SPMS. In addition to age and EDSS score, each patient’s current disease status (disease activity, symptoms, and its impacts on daily life) was collected while completing the draft tool. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves determined optimal cut-off values (sensitivity and specificity) for the classification of RRMS and SPMS.

Results

Twenty neurologists completed the draft tool for 198 patients. Mean scores for patients with RRMS (n=89), transitioning to SPMS (n=47), and SPMS (n=62) were 38.1 (SD 12.5), 55.2 (SD 11.1), and 69.6 (SD 12.0), respectively (P<.001, each between-groups comparison). Area under the ROC curve (AUC) including and excluding EDSS were for RRMS (including) AUC 0.91, 95% CI 0.87-0.95, RRMS (excluding) AUC 0.88, 95% CI 0.84-0.93, SPMS (including) AUC 0.91, 95% CI 0.86-0.95, and SPMS (excluding) AUC 0.86, 95% CI 0.81-0.91. In the algorithm with EDSS, the optimal cut-off values were ≤51.6 for RRMS patients (sensitivity=0.83; specificity=0.82) and ≥58.9 for SPMS patients (sensitivity=0.82; specificity=0.84). The optimal cut-offs without EDSS were ≤46.3 and ≥57.8 and resulted in similar high sensitivity and specificity (0.76-0.86). The draft tool showed excellent interrater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient=.95).

Conclusions

The MSProDiscuss tool differentiated RRMS patients from SPMS patients with high sensitivity and specificity. In clinical practice, it may be a useful tool to evaluate early, subtle signs of MS disease progression indicating the evolution of RRMS to SPMS. MSProDiscuss will help assess the current level of progression in an individual patient and facilitate a more informed physician-patient discussion.
Comparison of Traditional Citation Metrics and Altmetrics Among Dermatology Journals: Content and Correlational Analysis Study (Preprint)
Authors: Murray Gregg , Hellen Rebecca , Ralph James , Ni Raghallaigh Siona
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND

Research impact has traditionally been measured using citation count and impact factor (IF). Academics have long relied heavily on this form of metric system to measure a publication’s impact. A higher number of citations is viewed as an indicator of the importance of the research and a marker for the impact of the publishing journal. Recently, social media and online news sources have become important avenues for dissemination of research, resulting in the emergence of an alternative metric system known as altmetrics.

OBJECTIVE

We assessed the correlation between altmetric attention score (AAS) and traditional scientific impact markers, namely journal IF and article citation count, for all the dermatology journal and published articles of 2017.

METHODS

We identified dermatology journals and their associated IFs available in 2017 using InCites Journal Citation Reports. We entered all 64 official dermatology journals into Altmetric Explorer, a Web-based platform that enables users to browse and report on all attention data for every piece of scholarly content for which Altmetric Explorer has found attention.

RESULTS

For the 64 dermatology journals, there was a moderate positive correlation between journal IF and journal AAS (rs=.513, P<.001). In 2017, 6323 articles were published in the 64 dermatology journals. Our data show that there was a weak positive correlation between the traditional article citation count and AAS (rs=.257, P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Our data show a weak correlation between article citation count and AAS. Temporal factors may explain this weak association. Newer articles may receive increased online attention after publication, while it may take longer for scientific citation counts to accumulate. Stories that are at times deemed newsworthy and then disseminated across the media and social media platforms border on sensationalism and may not be truly academic in nature. The opposite can also be true.
Comprehensive Telestroke Network to Optimize Health Care Delivery for Cerebrovascular Diseases: Algorithm Development (Preprint)
Authors: Bayona Hernán , Ropero Brenda , Salazar Antonio José , Pérez Juan Camilo , Granja Manuel Felipe , Martínez Carlos Fernando , Useche Juan Nicolás
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND

Health care delivery for cerebrovascular diseases is a complex process, which may be improved using telestroke networks.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this work was to establish and implement a protocol for the management of patients with acute stroke symptoms according to the available treatment alternatives at the initial point of care and the transfer possibilities.

METHODS

The review board of our institutions approved this work. The protocol was based on the latest guidelines of the American Heart Association and American Stroke Association. Stroke care requires human and technological resources, which may differ according to the patient’s point of entry into the health care system. Three health care settings were identified to define the appropriate protocols: primary health care setting, intermediate health care setting, and advanced health care setting.

RESULTS

A user-friendly web-based telestroke solution was developed. The predictors, scales, and scores implemented in this system allowed the assessment of the vascular insult severity and neurological status of the patient. The total number of possible pathways implemented was as follows: 10 in the primary health care setting, 39 in the intermediate health care setting, and 1162 in the advanced health care setting.

CONCLUSIONS

The developed comprehensive telestroke platform is the first stage in optimizing health care delivery for patients with stroke symptoms, regardless of the entry point into the emergency network, in both urban and rural regions. This system supports health care personnel by providing adequate inpatient stroke care and facilitating the prompt transfer of patients to a more appropriate health care setting if necessary, especially for patients with acute ischemic stroke within the therapeutic window who are candidates for reperfusion therapies, ultimately contributing to mitigating the mortality and morbidity associated with stroke.
User-Centered Design Process of an mHealth App for Health Professionals: Case Study (Preprint)
Authors: Saparamadu Amarasinghe Arachchige Don Nalin Samandika , Fernando Piyum , Zeng Peizi , Teo Henry , Goh Andrew , Lee Joanne Mee Yin , Lam Choong Weng Leslie
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND

User-centered design processes are infrequently employed and not fully explored for building mobile health (mHealth) apps that are particularly targeted to health professionals as end users. The authors have used a user-centered design–based approach to build an mHealth app for health professionals, tasked to deliver medical laboratory-related information on a daily basis.

OBJECTIVE

Our objective is to generate a simple and functional user-centered design process for mHealth apps for health professionals. This paper presents the key learnings from design activities.

METHODS

A stratified random sample of doctors and nurses was recruited for the study. The design activities were planned in the following sequence: focus group discussion for situation analysis and information architecture, design activity 1 for wireframe designing, design activity 2 for wireframe testing, and user testing sessions 1 and 2.

RESULTS

The final design and functions of the app, information architecture, and interactive elements were largely influenced by the participatory design–based user-centered design activities. As a result of the design process, we could identify the mental models of processing requests for information and personal preferences based on the experience. These findings were directly or indirectly incorporated into the app design.
Furthermore, finding alternative ways of working within time constraints and cultural barriers and the methods employed to manage the challenges of interdisciplinary discourse stood out among the lessons learned.

CONCLUSIONS

We recommend a user-centered design process based on a participatory design approach in mHealth app design, enriched with focus group discussions where possible.
Evaluation of Four Artificial Intelligence–Assisted Self-Diagnosis Apps on Three Diagnoses: Two-Year Follow-Up Study (Preprint)
Authors: Ćirković Aleksandar
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND

Consumer-oriented mobile self-diagnosis apps have been developed using undisclosed algorithms, presumably based on machine learning and other artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. The US Food and Drug Administration now discerns apps with learning AI algorithms from those with stable ones and treats the former as medical devices. To the author’s knowledge, no self-diagnosis app testing has been performed in the field of ophthalmology so far.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to test apps that were previously mentioned in the scientific literature on a set of diagnoses in a deliberate time interval, comparing the results and looking for differences that hint at “nonlocked” learning algorithms.

METHODS

Four apps from the literature were chosen (Ada, Babylon, Buoy, and Your.MD). A set of three ophthalmology diagnoses (glaucoma, retinal tear, dry eye syndrome) representing three levels of urgency was used to simultaneously test the apps’ diagnostic efficiency and treatment recommendations in this specialty. Two years was the chosen time interval between the tests (2018 and 2020). Scores were awarded by one evaluating physician using a defined scheme.

RESULTS

Two apps (Ada and Your.MD) received significantly higher scores than the other two. All apps either worsened in their results between 2018 and 2020 or remained unchanged at a low level. The variation in the results over time indicates “nonlocked” learning algorithms using AI technologies. None of the apps provided correct diagnoses and treatment recommendations for all three diagnoses in 2020. Two apps (Babylon and Your.MD) asked significantly fewer questions than the other two (P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

“Nonlocked” algorithms are used by self-diagnosis apps. The diagnostic efficiency of the tested apps seems to worsen over time, with some apps being more capable than others. Systematic studies on a wider scale are necessary for health care providers and patients to correctly assess the safety and efficacy of such apps and for correct classification by health care regulating authorities.
Using Online Support Communities for Tourette Syndrome and Tic Disorders: Online Survey of Users’ Experiences (Preprint)
Authors: Perkins Victoria , Coulson Neil S , Davies E Bethan
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND

People living with a tic disorder (TD)—such as Tourette syndrome (TS)—experience many negative psychological and social challenges arising from chronic tics, such as stigmatization from peers and poorer quality of life, and these can impact upon their families too. It can be difficult for this population to access face-to-face support for tics, and so online support communities offer one avenue for support from peers facing similar experiences. However, little is known about how online support communities may be used by people with TS and other TDs, and by others (eg, parents, caregivers) supporting a person with TS/TD.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore users’ experiences of participation in online support communities for TS and TDs.

METHODS

In total, 90 respondents (aged 13-62 years; 62% [56/90] female) from 13 countries completed an online survey exploring their experiences of using online support communities for TS and TDs. Respondents were people living with TS/TD themselves (n=68) or supportive others of someone with TS/TD (eg, parent, sibling, spouse; n=14), or both (n=8). The online survey contained open-ended questions eliciting their self-reported motivations for using online communities, their benefits and drawbacks of participation, and whether online support communities affected offline management of tics. Responses were analyzed using thematic analysis.

RESULTS

Seven overarching themes captured experiences of using online support communities for TS/TDs. The overwhelming reason for their use was to find accessible support due to a lack of offline face-to-face support. Online support communities were valued sources of informational and emotional support, and also had a positive impact upon helping users’ psychological well-being. Online communities helped provide a space where people with TS/TDs could feel accepted and reduce the social isolation they felt offline. The suggestible nature of tics and being reminded of the challenging nature of TDs were main disadvantages arising from using online support communities, alongside conflict arising within online communities.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings suggest that online support communities appear to offer valuable informational and emotional support to those living with TS/TD and their families too, especially given the lack of locally available support. This facilitates a sense of community online, which can help users in overcoming long-standing social isolation and aid self-reported improvements in psychosocial well-being. Users reported some drawbacks in engaging with online support communities, such as conflict between different types of users and triggering content, which negatively affected experiences of community participation.
IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF MUNTINGIA CALABURA L. FRUITS USING CARBON CLEARANCE ASSAY AND THEIR TOTAL FLAVONOID AND PHENOLIC CONTENTS
Authors: SUJONO TANTI AZIZAH , DIAN KUSUMOWATI IKA TRISHARYANTI , MUNAWAROH RIMA
Published: February 2020

Objective: Muntingia calabura L fruits have several advantages for health and can be consumed as alternative medicine. This study aims to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of methanol extract (ME) and fractions of M. calabura L fruits against non-specific immune response in mice and its total phenolic and flavonoid contents.

Methods: This research using carbon clearance assay or phagocytosis method which was done on mice. Seventy male Swiss mice were divided into 14 groups. Mice were treated with ME, hexane fraction (HF), dichloromethane fraction (DF), and ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of M. calabura L. orally at a dose of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg daily for 7 days. Zymosan with a dose of 15 mg/kg was used as a positive control and given intraperitoneally, and CMC Na was used as a negative control. On the 8th day, mice were injected with carbon ink suspension intravenously and blood samples were taken at the minutes of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30. Furthermore, the transmittance was measured at λ 675 nm. The total phenolic content was measured using the Folin–Ciocalteu method, and flavonoid content was measured using the AlCl3 method.

Results: Zymosan, ME, and EAF of M. calabura L. at a dose of 200 mg/kg showed a strong immunostimulatory effect (phagocytic index >1.5) while the HF and DF groups showed that the higher doses decreased the phagocytic index. The total phenolic contents of ME, HF, DF, and EAF were 27.90, 11.11, 16.72, and 30.11%, respectively, while the flavonoid contents were 4.07, 0.17, 3.07, and 1.86%, respectively.

Conclusion: ME and EAF of M. calabura L. fruits have immunostimulatory activity.
Entrepreneur´s profile and factors that influence the potential of business internationalization
Authors: Vargas Hernández José , Zazueta-Félix Mario Guadalupe
Published: February 2020

Trading outside the political borders of Mexico is essential in terms of macroeconomic stability in this country, through the export channel, which is currently highly integrated into the economic activity of our northern neighboring country. 79.95% of Mexican exports in 2017 went to the United States of America with a worth of US $ 327,358 million. This paper attempts to describe the contextual framework of international entrepreneurship and the importance of the entrepreneur's profile in relation to success in doing business abroad.
Actuación del Contador y su Influencia en la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial
Authors: Guardado Lopez Sinuhe Carlos , Martínez Flores Jerónimo , Tapia Torres Diana Esperanza
Published: February 2020

La misión de todas las empresas implica responder y cubrir una necesidad existente en la sociedad. Las empresas captan recursos de su ambiente y por medio de su actividad productiva generan una utilidad a sus accionistas, directivos y trabajadores; sin embargo, no están exentas por mandato constitucional de contribuir al gasto público. Aunque en las últimas décadas, también han optado de armonizar con su ambiente generando acciones que permitan establecer una imagen favorable ante la sociedad. Una de las profesiones que son determinantes y activas en la dinámica organizacional es la contaduría, entre sus múltiples áreas de trabajo se encuentran: nómina, facturación, costos, finanzas e impuestos. En relación a esta última área, es influyente la labor del contador ya que México es uno de los países de la OCDE que menos recaudan impuestos en proporción a su Producto Interno Bruto, lo que se refleja en los recursos destinados al gasto público. El trabajo del contador con apego a la legalidad, a su ética y anteponiendo la responsabilidad social es fundamental, ya que se ha estigmatizado la actuación del contador respecto a la falta de pago de impuestos por parte del contribuyente, aún cuando este último opta deliberadamente por no contribuir en su proporción al gasto público. El presente manuscrito expone las causas de la conducta evasiva del contribuyente y la forma en la que el contador gestiona en materia impositiva a solicitud del primero. Esta investigación es producto de una investigación de tipo bibliográfica y cuenta con un alcance descriptivo.
Aproximaciones al estudio del medio ambiente y la explotación minera en el extremo sur peruano. Siglos XVI - XVIII
Authors: Yábar Ben Yusef
Published: February 2020

El presente artículo hace una revisión inicial del medio ambiente y la explotación minera realizada en el extremo sur-peruano entre el siglo XVI y XVIII en el afán de aproximarnos a inferir cualitativamente algún impacto de la explotación minera sobre el medio ambiente. Con las fuentes revisadas resulta una probabilidad alta que la explotación minera causase un impacto desfavorable en el medio ambiente, principalmente en el componente humano o demográfico, por el evidente descenso demográfico, y que pudo deberse a la explotación minera, la mita minera, y el enganche; todas estas actividades efectuadas en los territorios materia de estudio. La inferencia inicial deberá ser contrastada con el estudio de fuentes primarias para tener una mayor certeza de lo inferido y de las otras dimensiones del medio ambiente como variable de estudio.
Uma abordagem do racismo brasileiro a partir de Quijano
Authors: Barros II João Roberto , Rodrigues Layra Fabian Borba
Published: February 2020

Neste trabalho buscaremos refletir sobre o racismo no Brasil a partir de uma perspectiva decolonial. Para tanto, utilizaremos a teorização de Quijano acerca do processo de construção do conceito de raça. Segundo o autor, o racismo surgiu como uma ferramenta de colonização, propiciando a expropriação de terras e a escravização dos corpos. Não obstante, a diferenciação e hierarquização de raças permaneceu mesmo após terminado o período colonial. Objetivando visualizar a progressão dessa prática no Brasil, dividimos essa investigação em dois tópicos: 1) estudo da análise de Quijano sobre a raça e 2) identificação das formas pelas quais o racismo se consolidou no país, apoiadas no ideal progressista.
Palavras-chave: Raça. Progresso. Brasil. Aníbal Quijano. Colonialidade.
Entre discursos intolerantes e privilégios religiosos: práticas discursivas sobre religiões de matrizes africanas no cárcere baiano
Authors: Gomes Djean Ribeiro , De Jesus Monica Lima
Published: February 2020

Nesta comunicação, discutimos os discursos intolerantes e privilégios religiosos que circulam no contexto prisional baiano, que por um lado afeta a presença e expressão de religiosidades de matriz africana através de processos de demonização, desqualificação e desautorização religiosa, por outro, produz privilégios direcionados a cristãos, em especial, vinculados as vertentes evangélicas/protestantes. Os dados apresentados são oriundos de parte da dissertação intitulada “nome suprimido”, desenvolvida no Programa (nome suprimido). Adotamos a perspectiva da psicologia social, sustentada teórico-metodologicamente no movimento do Construcionismo Social. Além disso, utilizamos contribuições mais específicas que situam os processos de racialização e seus efeitos para a compreensão do tema desse estudo, em especial de Franz Fanon. Os dados foram produzidos através de entrevistas, via roteiro semiestruturado, de quatro custodiados, três agentes penitenciários/as e um agente religioso no Complexo Penitenciário Lemos Brito na cidade de Salvador, analisadas à luz da análise categorial temática. Concluímos que a instituição prisão ainda funciona de forma preponderadamente colonial, onde a reatualização da hegemonia cristã, com a roupagem atual das vertentes evangélicas/protestantes. Esse horizonte localiza o corpus religioso de matriz africana, importante e fundamental prisma de resistência identitária negra diaspórica, como algo a ser neutralizado, incidindo maior vulnerabilidade da população negra ao discurso cristão que produz auto-ódio, desvinculação social, com base em intolerância religiosa, racismo religioso e institucional.
Quem não senta pra aprender, não levanta para ensinar: uma aula com a Griot Marise de Santana
Authors: Santos Nkembo Olugbala Silva
Published: February 2020

A seguinte entrevista, realizada no ODEERE, traz reflexões da Griot Marise de Santana à respeito de suas lutas envolvendo a carreira acadêmica, a religiosidade afro-brasileira e os aspectos de sua ancestralidade fortemente nuançada em sua prática docente, pesquisadora e militante. Buscou-se fazer de forma não linear uma apresentação da sua trajetória acadêmica, os espaços ocupados por ela, a repercussão de suas pesquisas, bem como sua vinculação teórica à outras e outros intelectuais brasileiros e afro-brasileiros. Por fim, aponta-se a necessidade de mais estudos no campo das Relações Étnicas e contemporaneidade que tenham por objetivo precípuo a de(s)colonização do conhecimento e das ciências.  Palavra-Chave: Marise de Santana
Relações Étnicas: desafios para o Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão no Campo Interdisciplinar
Authors: De Santana Marise
Published: February 2020

Neste artigo estamos propondo falar sobre Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão como pretexto para pensar sobre as Relações Étnicas. Ou seja, de forma didática vamos falar sobre as Relações Étnicas e a indissociabilidade no tripé ENSINO-EXTENSÃO-PESQUISA, nesta ordem, pois enseja nossa experiência na educação superior no espaço do ODEERE. As perspectivas educacionais descolonizadoras lançam o olhar sobre processos de produção de conhecimentos que se voltem para pensar/debater metodologias que dê voz aos sujeitos, enaltecendo a oralidade e, portanto, o “senso comum” no sentido atribuído por Geertz em sua produção “Saber Local”. Tais perspectivas nos coloca os desafios que a problemática das fronteiras nas relações entre diferentes etnicidades nos apontam nos espaços educacionais.

Palavras-chave: Pesquisa, Ensino, Exrtensão, Relações Étnicas, ODEERE.
Ensaiando Gênero, Desejo e Trabalho; Ontologia e Emancipação no Marxismo; Por Feminismos- Emancipacionista e Decolonial
Authors: Castro Mary Garcia
Published: February 2020

Este ensaio revisita artigo em que abordamos conceito chave no marxismo, o de emancipação, relacionando entrelaces sobre seu norte, o gênero humano, categoria trabalhada na ontologia do ser social por Lukács e Marx, com debates sobre gênero, como elaborado no plano de debates feministas sobre patriarcado. Já neste texto, se  insistimos que a centralidade do trabalho  deve ser compartida com as de sexualidade e desejo, defendemos que o debate sobre projetos de emancipação, quer do gênero no feminino, quer do gênero humanizado, como o de sujeitos colonizados, no caso da América Latina, passam tanto pelo desejo, como élan de vida, implicando decolonialidade do ser, como pela decolonialidade do saber. Considera-se aportes de feministas emancipacionistas e as decoloniais, e a ênfase em diversidades de experiencias e níveis de resistência. Defende-se que desejo, sexualidade e trabalho são singularidades do ser humano, mas quem é considerado humano?
Palavras-chave: Emancipação, trabalho, decolonialidade, desejo e sexualidade.