bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expression of human papillomavirus oncoproteins E6 and E7 inhibits invadopodia activity but promotes cell migration in HPV‐positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Kahue Charissa N. , Jerrell Rachel J. , Parekh Aron
Published: July 2018

Background

The rapid increase in the incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is caused by high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. The HPV oncogenes E6 and E7 promote carcinogenesis by disrupting signaling pathways that control survival and proliferation. Although these cancers are often diagnosed with metastases, the mechanisms that regulate their dissemination are unknown.

Aims

The aim of this study was to determine whether the HPV‐16 E6 and E7 oncogenes affected the invasive and migratory properties of HNSCC cells which promote their spread and metastasis.

Methods and results

Invasiveness was determined using invadopodia assays which allow for quantitation of extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation by invadopodia which are proteolytic membrane protrusions that facilitate invasion. Using cell lines and genetic manipulations, we found that HPV inhibited invadopodia activity in aggressive cell lines which was mediated by the E6 and E7 oncogenes. Given these findings, we also tested whether HPV caused differences in the migratory ability of HNSCC cells using Transwell assays. In contrast to our invadopodia results, we found no correlation between HPV status and cell migration; however, blocking the expression of the E6 and E7 oncoproteins in a HPV‐positive (HPV+) HNSCC cell line resulted in decreased migration.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that the E6 and E7 oncoproteins are negative regulators of invadopodia activity but may promote migration in HPV+ HNSCC cells. Despite the need for ECM proteolysis to penetrate most tissues, the unique structure of the head and neck tissues in which these cancers arise may facilitate the spread of migratory cancer cells without significant proteolytic ability.
Universal models of colour emotion and colour harmony
Authors: Ou Li‐Chen , Yuan Yinqiu , Sato Tetsuya , Lee Wen‐Yuan , Szabó Ferenc , Sueeprasan Suchitra , Huertas Rafael
Published: July 2018

A new set of quantitative models of colour emotion and colour harmony were developed in this study using psychophysical data collected from 12 regions in the world, including Argentina, China, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Japan, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, Thailand, and the UK. These data have previously been published in journals or conferences (for details see Tables and ). For colour emotion, three new models were derived, showing satisfactory predictive performance in terms of an average correlation coefficient of 0.78 for “warm/cool”, 0.80 for “heavy/light” and 0.81 for “active/passive”. The new colour harmony model also had satisfactory predictive performance, with an average correlation coefficient of 0.72. Principal component analysis shows that the common colour harmony principles, including hue similarity, chroma similarity, lightness difference and high lightness principles, were partly agreed by observers of the same region. The findings suggest that it is feasible to develop universal models of colour emotion and colour harmony, and that the former was found to be relatively more culture‐independent than the latter.
Neuro‐fuzzy model for HELLP syndrome prediction in mobile cloud computing environments
Authors: Moreira Mário W. L. , Rodrigues Joel J. P. C. , Al‐Muhtadi Jalal , Korotaev Valery V. , de Albuquerque Victor Hugo C.
Published: July 2018

The exchange of information among health professionals is a common practice among clinics, laboratories, and hospitals. Cloud‐based clinical data exchange platforms enable valuable information to be available in real time and in a secure and private manner. The increasing availability of data in health information systems allows specialists to extract knowledge using pattern recognition techniques for the identification and prediction of risk situations that could lead to severe complications for a patient. Hence, this paper proposes the use of a neuro‐fuzzy machine learning technique for predicting the most complex hypertensive disorder in pregnancy called HELLP syndrome. This classifier serves as an inference mechanism for cloud‐based mobile applications, for effective monitoring through the analysis of symptoms presented by pregnant women. Results show that the proposed model achieves excellent results regarding several indicators, such as precision (0.685), recall (0.756), the F‐measure (0.705), and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.829). This technique can accurately predict situations that could lead to the death of both a mother and fetus, at any location and time.
Opto‐electric target tracking algorithm based on local feature selection and particle filter optimization
Authors: Peng Liangqing , Wu Yanpeng , Huang Lei
Published: July 2018

Aiming at exploring the opto‐electric target tracking, which is an important technology in the field of computer vision, the binocular stereo vision camera opto‐electric target tracking is studied and and a multi feature fusion characterization modeling method locally weighted is proposed. The target area is divided into multiple sub‐image areas by the modeling method, the feature histogram after the background weighting is extracted, and the sub‐image region is taken as a basic unit for adjusting the feature weight. The sub‐image area selected is regarded as the significant area, and the significant area is further extracted and fused in particle filter tracking algorithm. Then, the obtained significant are is conducted with color distribution processing. In the state prediction stage, the Mean Shift algorithm is applied to optimize each particle so that it converges to the optimal position. The experiment results showed that the multi feature fusion representation modeling method has better tracking accuracy and stability compared with the traditional fusion method and after the color distribution treatment; it has strong anti‐jamming for background effect. It is concluded that using Mean Shift algorithm for particle optimization can further strengthen the accurate tracking of the targets.
SAHARA
Authors: Mayhew David
Published: July 2018

Faster, lower power, and/or less expensive computation will be a software problem forever. Hardware can only make the challenge simpler or harder and heterogeneous approaches exacerbate it. For emerging alternative computational technologies like quantum, optical, resistive (and other forms of analog computation), and/or biological computing (among others), to be successful, they must be integrated into the existing computational infrastructure (both hardware and software) if they are to realize their full potential. The increasingly main‐stream options that reconfigurable logic represents (both fine and coarse grained) will also be most useful within an infrastructure that is sympathetic to legacy memory and storage models. SAHARA is a reduction of computation into data wavefronts that, independent of the underlying technology, employs memory as the fundamental unit of computation within a simple data‐flow model, essentially turning processing into a side‐effect of the relevant data being made available to the logic that manipulates that data. No single aspect of SAHARA is “new”. Its foundations are more than 50 years old and started with Minsky's 1961 paper on Turing equivalence. SAHARA is an eminently useful abstraction of computation that has the potential of seamlessly integrating many disparate forms of computation behind a simple, common, architectural interface.
Environmental indicators of sustainable computing applications for Smart City
Authors: Zhang Yan , Pu Haitao
Published: July 2018

In the past decades, China has experienced rapid industrialization and urbanization, which has caused severe environmental pollution issues and hampered the sustainable development. To cope with these problems, a plethora of environmental protection policies has been presented by the Chinese government. Thus, determining the most reasonable environmental performance indicators is becoming an essential requirement for evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of governmental management policy to the sustainable development of the ecological system. In this paper, we propose a group of environmental indicators including air quality index, water quality index, and soil quality index that are constructed specifically for evaluating the severity of environment pollution, and the implementation of corresponding governance policy as the pollution issue is one of the most severe risks to population health among all of the current existing problems in China. The proposed indicators are composed of the indices, which were selected by leveraging on the data acquired from China National Bureau of Statistics. Based on the proposed environmental quality indicators, we provide recommendations of governmental policy for improving the environmental performance in mining regions.
Cost optimization heuristics for deadline constrained workflow scheduling on clouds and their comparative evaluation
Authors: Emmanuel Bugingo , Qin Yingsheng , Wang Juntao , Zhang Defu , Zheng Wei
Published: July 2018

Nowadays, cloud service providers usually offer users virtual machines with various combinations of configurations and prices. As this new service scheme emerges, the problem of choosing the cost‐minimized combination under a deadline constraint is becoming more complex for users. The complexity of determining the cost‐minimized combination may be resulted from different causes: the characteristics of user applications and providers' setting on the configurations and pricing of virtual machine. In this paper, we proposed an algorithm with two variants to help the users to schedule their workflow applications on clouds so that the cost can be minimized and the deadline constraints can be satisfied. The proposed algorithm is evaluated by extensive simulation experiments with two realistic workflows.
Parallel Semi‐supervised enhanced fuzzy Co‐Clustering (PSEFC) and Rapid Association Rule Mining (RARM) based frequent route mining algorithm for travel sequence recommendation on big social media
Authors: Suresh Kumar N. , Thangamani M.
Published: July 2018

In this proposed method, with the aim of resolving the frequent route mining issue, by means of utilizing the Rapid Association Rule Mining (RARM) for frequent route mining, recurrently utilized routes as well as smaller distance routes are mined. As a result, support speedy decision of the route identify more willingly than the standard route optimization. Primarily, Multi‐Ontology based Points of Interest (MO‐POIs) model is presented that takes the POIs of user design in combination with the semantic info of the individual users. Furthermore, it as well takes another two steps that are along these lines: (1) routes ranking as per the similarity amid user package as well as routes packages are carried out by means of utilizing Parallel Semi‐supervised enhanced fuzzy Co‐Clustering (PSEFC) as well as (2) route optimizing by Parallel Ant Colony Optimization (PACO) technique in keeping with identical social users' records. The graph model is denoted as the amount of ants in the population of the identical user records. Assess the RARM‐PSEFC recommendation system on a set of Flickr images uploaded by users as well as travel POIs in numerous cities and show its efficiency.
Genesis of MgCl2‐based Ziegler‐Natta Catalysts as Probed with Operando Spectroscopy
Authors: Piovano Alessandro , Pletcher Paul , Velthoen Marjolein E. Z. , Zanoni Silvia , Chung Sang‐Ho , Bossers Koen , Jongkind Maarten K. , Fiore Gianluca , Groppo Elena , Weckhuysen Bert M.
Published: July 2018

Ziegler‐Natta catalysts for olefin polymerization are intrinsically complex multi‐component systems. The genesis of the active sites involves several simultaneous and sequential steps, making the individual steps and interconnections difficult to be unraveled in an unambiguous manner. In this work, we combine X‐ray diffraction and spectroscopy to probe each step of the birth and life of a MgCl2‐based Ziegler‐Natta catalyst, namely the formation of high surface area MgCl2 by dealcoholation of an alcoholate precursor, the TiCl4 grafting, and the subsequent activation by triethylaluminum as co‐catalyst. The so‐prepared catalyst was tested towards ethylene polymerization, leading to the production of mainly crystalline high‐density polyethylene. The use of operando characterization techniques allowed probing the transient details that are difficult to be dissected in the aftermath, but can radically affect the overall catalytic process.
Design and Synthesis of Energetic Materials towards Versatile Applications by N‐trinitromethyl and N‐nitromethyl Functionalization of Nitroimidazoles
Authors: Yin Xin , Li Jie , Zhang Guojie , Zhang Zhenqi , Ma Qing , Wang Jun , Wang Shumin
Published: July 2018

Modifying the properties of energetic materials is important not only for gaining insight into the relationship between structures and properties but also for multiple applications. A new family of energetic compounds, polynitroimidazoles featuring trinitromethyl, nitromethyl and methyl acetate moieties at the nitrogen position of heterocyclic rings were synthesized. The high‐energy oxidizers 2‐nitro and 4‐nitro‐1‐(trinitromethyl)‐1H‐imidazoles were obtained by nitration of 1‐acetonylpolynitroimidazoles in fuming HNO3 and concentrated H2SO4. 4,5‐Dinitro‐1‐(nitromethyl)‐1H‐imidazole and 4,5‐dinitro‐1‐(acetate methyl)‐1H‐imidazole were afforded by using 68 % HNO3 and concentrated H2SO4 through controllable synthesis. All the intermediates and the target compounds were confirmed by X‐ray diffraction. It is noteworthy that one of the N‐trinitromethyl nitroimidazole derivatives showed high density (ρ: 1.88 g cm−3), attractive positive oxygen balance (Ω: +18.3 %) and good detonation performance (D: 9003 m s−1) exceeding those of ADN, while N‐nitromethyl derivative behaved higher thermal stability and lower sensitivity in contrast to those of NG. N‐acetate methyl derivative gave an interesting melt‐castable property (Tm.p.: 86 oC, Td: 224 oC), acceptable detonation performance as well as low sensitivity towards impact and friction (IS>40 J, FS>360 N), making it a competitive replacement for DNAN. These chemical and physical properties indicate that these novel materials show promising energetic performance towards future applications.
Using ADHD Medications to Treat Coexisting ADHD and Reading Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Froehlich Tanya E. , Fogler Jason , Barbaresi William J. , Elsayed Nada A. , Evans Steven W. , Chan Eugenia
Published: July 2018

Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the most common pediatric neurobehavioral disorder, frequently presents with coexisting reading disorders (RDs). Despite this, it is unclear whether medication improves symptoms and function in children with comorbid ADHD and RD. We present a systematic review of studies investigating the effects of ADHD medications on ADHD symptoms, academic outcomes, and neuropsychological measures in this important group.
Head and dental injuries or other dental problems in alpine sports
Authors: Schmid Martina , Schädelin Sabine , Kühl Sebastian , Filippi Andreas
Published: July 2018

In the hectic daily life, spending our leisure time outdoor in the mountains becomes more and more popular. Although information describing dental injuries in various sports is available, data specifically on dental trauma and other dental problems in alpine sports are lacking. Data of 1,128 alpinists were generated by using a standardized questionnaire. The questions focused on the frequency of head and dental injuries and other dental problems. The participating alpinists have been recruited through the network of alpine clubs and an outdoor equipment supplier.

Injuries were most frequently caused by a fall while doing alpine sports (14.7%, = 154). Of the participants, 8.2% (n = 93) suffered from a facial injury: 16% (n = 15) of these had a dental trauma. Other dental problems such as barodontalgia were more common than dental traumas. A sensation of pressure or pain was noticed in 13% (n = 135) of the participants at least once. Of all the participants who suffered pain, 54.1% reported one or several previous restorations. Pain medication was beneficial in 92.1%.

Dental traumas are rare while doing alpine sports but not negligible because of its requirement of lifelong therapy and incurs substantial treatment costs. An intraoral pain of a usually asymptomatic tissue occurred, in this sample of participants, nearly as often as in pilots and divers. Pain killer is an efficient tool for the alpinists to reduce the pain until they reach a lower altitude.
Clinical performance of LOCATOR® attachments: A retrospective study with 1–8 years of follow‐up
Authors: Guédat Christophe , Nagy Ursina , Schimmel Martin , Müller Frauke , Srinivasan Murali
Published: July 2018

The use of LOCATOR® attachments in implant‐supported removable dental prostheses (ISRDPs) has been evidenced with conflicting clinical behavior in literature. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the long‐term clinical performance of LOCATOR® attachments by evaluating the frequency of the encountered mechanical complication events (MCEs) and the factors that play a role in attachment wear (AW). The study recruited participants with ISRDPs on LOCATOR® attachments. Clinical parameters, number of MCEs (attachment replacements, attachment loosenings, denture cap‐related events, loss of retention and/or insert, and implant fractures), and AW were recorded. Nonparametric tests were applied for statistical analyses (𝛼=0.05). Baseline demographics for the recruited 47 participants (mean age: 72.0 ± 9.0 years) revealed an implant survival rate of 94.9% (mean observation period: 54.8 months), average peri‐implant probing depths, bleeding on probing scores, and plaque scores of 1.80 ± 1.50 mm, 0.70 ± 0.90, and 0.81 ± 0.90, respectively.

MCEs were directly influenced by the time in use (p < 0.001). The most frequently encountered MCEs were loss of retention (p < 0.001) and denture cap‐related complications (p = 0.004). AW was found to be significantly higher in the maxilla than in the mandible (p = 0.028); in the maxilla, the vestibular (p = 0.005) and mesial (p = 0.01) aspects were the most common wear sites. Maxillary implant overdentures revealed more vestibular AW (p = 0.013). In prostheses supported by >3 implants, vestibular (p = 0.046) and mesial (p = 0.032) AW were common. Lingual AW (p = 0.021) was observed more frequently when the support was <3 implants. Loss of retention and AW are the most common complications encountered with LOCATOR® attachments. Therefore, a modification in the attachment design along with an amelioration of the attachment surface may help decrease the maintenance needs and further enhance its clinical performance.
Tellurium‐based mass cytometry barcode for live and fixed cells
Authors: Willis Lisa M. , Park Hanuel , Watson Michael W. L. , Majonis Daniel , Watson Jessica L. , Nitz Mark
Published: July 2018

Mass cytometry is a revolutionary technology that allows for the simultaneous quantification of >40 different biomarkers with cellular resolution. The biomarkers are detected using metal‐labeled antibodies as well as small‐molecule probes of cell size, viability, and biochemical status. Barcoding is an important component of sample preparation because it reduces processing time, eliminates sample‐to‐sample variation, discriminates cell doublets, reduces the amount of antibody needed, and conserves sample. We developed a thiol‐reactive tellurium‐based barcode, TeMal. TeMal is nontoxic at working concentrations, compatible with metal‐labeled antibodies, and can readily be applied to live or fixed cells, making it advantageous and complementary compared to existing barcoding reagents. We have demonstrated the utility of TeMal by barcoding microscale samples in situ to facilitate analysis of cells from an automated cell culture system using mass cytometry.
Integration of firefly optimization and Pearson service correlation for efficient cloud resource utilization
Authors: Gokulraj S. , Geetha B.G.
Published: July 2018

Cloud Computing (CC) environment presents a simplified, centralized platform or resources to usage while necessitated at minimum cost. In CC, the main processes in is the allocation of resources of web applications. However, with the increasing demands of Cloud User (CU), an efficient resource allocation technique for web applications is required. According to the request made by the user and response obtained, the cost of resources has also to be optimized. To overcome such limitations, Pearson service correlation‐based firefly resource cost optimization (PSC‐FRCO) technique is designed. Pearson service correlation‐based firefly resource cost optimization technique not only improves the performance of cost aware resource allocation but also achieves higher efficiency while rendering services in cloud computing environment for web applications. Pearson service correlation‐based firefly resource cost optimization technique initially uses Pearson service correlation in which the user‐required service is identified by correlating the available services provided by cloud owner. This helps in improving the Response Time (RT) of cloud service provisioning. Next, firefly resource cost optimization algorithm is applied to identify and allocate the cost‐optimized cloud resources to users to afford required service from the cloud server. Thus, PSC‐FRCO technique improves the Resource Utilization Efficiency (RUE) of web applications with minimal computational cost. This technique conducts experimental works on parameters such as RT, Bandwidth Utilization Rate (BUR) computational cost, Energy Consumption (EC), and RUE. Experimental analysis reveals that PSC‐FRCO technique enhances enhances RUE and lessens RT as compared to state‐of‐the‐art works.
Regional differences in type 2 diabetes treatment and outcomes in Germany—An analysis of the German DPV and DIVE registries
Authors: Hartmann Bettina , Bramlage Peter , Lanzinger Stefanie , Danne Thomas , Hummel Michael , Kaltheuner Matthias , Raddatz Dirk , Rathmann Wolfgang , Reuter Hans‐Martin , Seufert Jochen , Holl Reinhard W.
Published: July 2018

Aims

On the basis of the Diabetes Versorgungs‐Evaluation (DIVE) and Diabetes‐Patienten‐Verlaufsdokumentation (DPV) datasets, we aimed to explore the impact of differences in treatment modalities on outcomes in Germany and put these into a global context.

Methods

The 2014 to 2016 DIVE and DPV databases were combined, and a total of 127 838 patients 18 years and older was analysed with respect to demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, comorbidities, treatments, and outcomes, separately for each German state. Estimates were expressed as adjusted least squares means together with 95% confidence intervals.

Results

Saarland dataset recorded the lowest mean HbA1c (6.7%; 6.6%‐6.8%; 50 mmol/mol, 49‐51 mmol/mol), Saxony‐Anhalt showed the highest (8.3%; 8.2%‐8.3%; 67 mmol/mol, 66‐67 mmol/mol). The highest percentage of hypoglycaemic events was reported in Mecklenburg‐West Pomerania (MWP) (4.7%; 3.9%‐5.7%), the lowest in Thuringia (0.9%; 0.2%‐3.4%). Metformin and sulfonylurea accounted for 36.4% to 53.3% of anti‐diabetic treatments across states; other antihyperglycaemic drugs such as DPP‐4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, and GLP‐1 analogues were used most often in MWP (40.0%; 37.8%‐42.1%) and least in Rhineland‐Palatinate (13.6%; 13.0%‐14.2%). Treatment with insulin (alone or in combination) was reported most often in MWP (78.2%; 76.4%‐80.0%) and least in Thuringia (26.0%; 20.1%‐32.9%).

Conclusions

Federal states in Germany are heterogeneous concerning diabetes treatment and associated outcomes. These data should stimulate further discussion about how optimal diabetes care can be implemented in all areas of Germany, to achieve good treatment outcomes in all federal states.
Serum leptin and leptin resistance correlations with NAFLD in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Cernea Simona , Roiban Andrada Larisa , Both Emőke , Huţanu Adina
Published: July 2018

Aims

Leptin/leptin resistance has been suggested to play a role in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and therefore we investigated the correlation of leptin/leptin‐receptor system with markers of hepatic steatosis (HS) and fibrosis (HF) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Materials and methods

In 159 T2D subjects with disease duration of 6.0 (0.0‐27.0) years, HS was evaluated by semi‐quantitative ultrasonographic scores and by clinical/biochemical variables: Fatty liver index and Hepatic steatosis index. HF was evaluated by NAFLD fibrosis score (NAFLD‐FS). Serum leptin and leptin receptor (sObR) concentrations were measured and leptin resistance estimated by Free Leptin Index (FLpI). Both simple and multiple correlations between the HS and HF with the three parameters of interest were examined.

Results

Leptin levels and FLpI correlated with diabetes duration (0.25 [95%CI: 0.09‐0.39] and 0.24 [95%CI: 0.08‐0.39]; P < 0.01 for both). 76.1% of T2D patients had HS and 29% had HF. The univariate analysis indicated positive correlations of HS indexes with serum leptin, FLpI, and negative correlations with serum sObR (P < 0.0001 for all). In the multiple regression analysis leptin, sObR, FLpI, waist‐to‐hip ratio, HbA1c, lipids, and HOMA‐IR correlated independently with HS (P < 0.0001 for all). Although the univariate analyses indicated weak correlations of NAFLD‐FS with leptin, sObR, and FLpI, in the multiple regression analyses, only age and waist independently predicted HF.

Conclusion

In patients with T2D, HS correlated positively with serum leptin and leptin resistance, and negatively with sObR, along with variables of adiposity and metabolic control, but neither of them made a significant contribution to HF.
Identification of a novel growth hormone releasing peptide (a glycine analogue of GHRP‐2) in a seized injection vial
Authors: Popławska Magdalena , Błażewicz Agata
Published: July 2018

Growth hormone releasing peptides (GHRPs) are synthetic peptides with the ability to stimulate human growth hormone (hGH) secretion. Several GHRPs have been developed as drug candidates; however, only one of them, GHRP‐2 (Pralmorelin), has received a clinical approval. Nevertheless, they are distributed on the black market and misused by cheating athletes, due to their performance‐enhancing effects. Hence, GHRPs have been included in the World‐Anti‐Doping‐Agency's Prohibited List as forbidden substances in sport. Predominantly, analytical methods for detection and unequivocal identification of doping substances are based on mass spectrometry. Therefore, in the present work, a qualitative analysis by liquid chromatography coupled to high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry with a quadrupole time‐of‐flight analyzer was performed to identify a new heptapeptide (MW = 874.02 Da) – a glycine analogue of GHRP‐2. Structure determination using de novo sequencing is described here in detail. The results of this study may indicate a new approach to circumvent a detection of doping practices.
Evidence of seasonal variation of ethyl glucuronide in hair: Modeling a seven‐year data series
Authors: Własiuk Patryk , Alladio Eugenio , Salomone Alberto , Vincenti Marco , Zadora Grzegorz
Published: July 2018

The assessment of chronic excessive alcohol consumption by ethyl glucuronide (EtG) determination in hair is generally based on a cut‐off value of 30 pg/mg recognized by regulatory authorities and scientific societies that guide the decision process. The ongoing debate about the risks connected with the straightforward application of this cut‐off refers to the factors that may influence the detected EtG concentration. The present contribution to this debate evaluates the seasonal variation of the averaged EtG values along a seven‐year period. Over 65 000 data points have been statistically analyzed to provide a mathematical model that interprets the data, gives insight into several influencing factors, and forecasts progressive data‐points of the time series. This model shows that there is an annual pattern in the data exhibiting lower EtG concentrations during warm seasons and higher values in cold seasons. The estimated EtG cycles are characterized by the seasonal variation of ±2.78 pg/mg above and below the overall mean (with 5.56 pg/mg absolute difference overall). This seasonal factor associated with EtG quantification might result in a potential source of bias, at least in the regional/climatic conditions observed in the samples' collection area. Moreover, the EtG time series reveals that the change in the sample pre‐treatment procedure has an effect on the modeled pattern as an abrupt increment (+38%) in the mean value of the EtG concentration. This change corresponds to the time when the former protocol of cutting hair into small segments before extraction was substituted by pulverization with a ball mill.
Just‐in‐time adaptive interventions: A novel approach for enhancing skill utilization and acquisition in cognitive behavioral therapy for eating disorders
Authors: Juarascio Adrienne S. , Parker Megan N. , Lagacey Madeline A. , Godfrey Kathryn M.
Published: July 2018

Objective

The most widely researched treatment for bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge‐eating disorder (BED) is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a present‐focused, active, skill‐oriented treatment. However, despite the success of CBT, many patients fail to achieve sufficient rates of skill utilization (i.e., the frequency with which a patient practices or uses therapeutic skills) or adequate skill acquisition (i.e., the ability to successfully perform a skill learned in treatment) by the end of treatment and outcomes suffer as a result. One method for improving skill acquisition and utilization in patients with BN or BED could be the augmentation of in‐person treatment with just‐in‐time adaptive interventions (JITAIs), which use smartphone technology to deliver real‐time interventions during app‐identified moments of need. The current article discusses how novel JITAI systems that utilize machine learning or other predictive algorithms could be used to detect momentary risk for eating disordered behavior and provide tailored interventions to enhance outcomes. We will consider technologies that may help reduce patient burden and suggest avenues for future research on developing acceptable and effective JITAIs that can be used as an adjunct to CBT protocols.
Long‐term evaluation of a fully magnetically levitated circulatory support device for advanced heart failure—two‐year results from the HeartMate 3 CE Mark Study
Authors: Schmitto Jan D. , Pya Yuriy , Zimpfer Daniel , Krabatsch Thomas , Garbade Jens , Rao Vivek , Morshuis Michiel , Beyersdorf Friedhelm , Marasco Silvana , Sood Poornima , Damme Laura , Netuka Ivan
Published: July 2018

Aim

This study aimed to assess safety and outcomes of patients, 2 years after implantation with the HeartMate 3 Left Ventricular Assist System.

Methods and results

This study included 50 adults with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IIIB or IV symptoms or American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association stage D heart failure with an ejection fraction ≤25% and a cardiac index ≤2.2 L/min/m2 without inotropes, or inotrope‐dependent with optimal medical management, or listed for heart transplant. The median duration of left ventricular assist device support was 694 days (range: 19–833 days). At baseline, cardiac index was 1.8 ±0.5 L/min/m2, 58% of patients were receiving inotropes, and 92% were INTERMACS profiles 2–4. At 2 years, Kaplan–Meier survival was 74 ±6%, 5 (10%) patients were transplanted, and 32 patients (64%) remain with support. Adverse event rates include bleeding requiring surgery (16%), gastrointestinal bleeding (20%), driveline infection (24%), ischaemic stroke (16%), haemorrhagic stroke (8%), right heart failure (14%), and outflow graft thrombosis (2%). Notably, no haemolysis, pump thrombosis, or pump malfunction events occurred. At 2 years, 47% of patients remained in NYHA class I and 41% in NYHA class II (P <0.0001). From baseline to 2 years, the mean six‐minute walk distance increased from 239 m to 347 m (P <0.0001), and the mean EQ‐5D quality of life score improved from 48.2 to 70.6 (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Two years post‐HeartMate 3 implantation, results show expected and acceptable survival, enhanced haemocompatibility, improved patient functional status and quality of life. This corroborates the success of HeartMate 3 since its first‐in‐man implantation case in Germany.

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02170363.
IL‐1β activation in response to Staphylococcus aureus lung infection requires inflammasome‐dependent and independent mechanisms
Authors: Pires Sílvia , Parker Dane
Published: July 2018

Maintaining balanced levels of IL‐1β is extremely important to avoid host tissue damage during infection. Our goal was to understand the mechanisms behind the reduced pathology and decreased bacterial burdens in Ifnlr1−/− mice during lung infection with Staphylococcus aureus. Intranasal infection of Ifnlr1−/− mice with S. aureus led to significantly improved bacterial clearance, survival and decrease of proinflammatory cytokines in the airway including IL‐1β. Ifnlr1−/− mice treated with recombinant IL‐1β displayed increased bacterial burdens in the airway and lung. IL‐1β levels in neutrophils from Ifnlr1−/− infected mice lungs were decreased when compared to neutrophils from WT mice. Mice lacking NLRP3 and caspase‐1 had reduced IL‐1β levels 4 h after infection, due to reductions or absence of active caspase‐1 respectively, but levels at 24 h were comparable to WT infected mice. Ifnlr1−/− infected mice had decreases in both active caspase‐1 and neutrophil elastase indicating an important role for the neutrophil serine protease in IL‐1β processing. By inhibiting neutrophil elastase, we were able to decrease IL‐1β levels by 39% in Nlrp3−/− infected mice when compared to WT mice. These results highlight the crucial role of both proteases in IL‐1β processing, via inflammasome‐dependent and ‐independent mechanisms.
Prescription opioid analgesic use in France: Trends and impact on morbidity–mortality
Authors: Chenaf C. , Kaboré J.‐L. , Delorme J. , Pereira B. , Mulliez A. , Zenut M. , Delage N. , Ardid D. , Eschalier A. , Authier N.
Published: July 2018

Background

While data from USA and Canada demonstrate an opioid overdose epidemic, very little nation‐wide European studies have been published on this topical subject.

Methods

Using a nationally representative sample of the French Claims database (>700,000 patients), the exhaustive nationwide hospital discharge database, and national mortality registry, all patients dispensed at least one prescription opioid (PO) in 2004–2017 were identified, to describe trends in PO analgesic use, shopping behaviour, opioid‐related hospitalizations and deaths. Annual prevalence of PO use and shopping behaviour (≥1 day of overlapping prescriptions from ≥2 prescribers, dispensed by ≥3 pharmacies) was estimated.

Results

In 2004–2017, the annual prevalence of weak opioid use codeine, tramadol and opium rose by 150%, 123%, and 244%, respectively (p < 0.05). Strong opioid use increased from 0.54% to 1.1% (+104%, p < 0.05), significantly for oxycodone (+1950%). Strong opioid use in chronic noncancer pain rose by 88% (p < 0.05) and 1180% for oxycodone. Opioid shopping increased from 0.50% to 0.67% (+34%, p < 0.05), associated with higher mortality risk HR = 2.8 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2–6.4]. Opioid‐related hospitalizations increased from 15 to 40 per 1,000,000 population (+167%, 2000–2017), and opioid‐related deaths from 1.3 to 3.2 per 1,000,000 population (+146%, 2000–2015).

Conclusions

This study provided a first European approach to a nationwide estimation with complete access to several national registries. In 2004–2017 in France, PO use excluding dextropropoxyphene more than doubled. The increase in oxycodone and fentanyl use, and nontrivial increasing trend in opioid‐related morbidity–mortality should prompt authorities to closely monitor PO consumption in order to prevent alarming increases in opioid‐related morbidity–mortality.

Significance

In 2004–2017, prescription opioid use in France at least doubled and oxycodone use increased particularly, associated with a nontrivial increase in opioid‐related morbidity–mortality. Although giving no indication for an ‘opioid epidemic,’ these findings call for proper monitoring of opioid use.
Landscape ‘stress’ and reorganization from χ‐maps: Insights from experimental drainage networks in oblique collision setting
Authors: Guerit Laure , Goren Liran , Dominguez Stéphane , Malavieille Jacques , Castelltort Sebastien
Published: July 2018

Several recent studies have suggested that maps of flow length normalized for drainage area called chi (χ) could reveal landscapes in a transient state, which are prone to reorganizations of basin geometry, flow line topology and water divide locations. However, the potentially long timescales associated with the evolution of basin geometry make the capability of χ to predict such reorganization challenging to test in natural settings. Here, we investigate the evolution of experimental drainage networks developed on a wedge coupled to a piedmont and growing in oblique convergence. We use this experimental setting to investigate the relationships between χ maps, the imposed tectonic deformation and the drainage network evolution. As deposition can occur within channels or in the piedmont, our experimental streams deviate from purely bedrock channels for which the χ metric has been initially developed. Yet we show that the large‐scale χ pattern of the experimental drainage network is consistent with the imposed deformation field, as ∼2/3 of the observed χ gradients across water divide are oriented in the expected direction with respect to the imposed deformation. This suggests that χ maps can be used to infer the horizontal component of regional deformation in large‐scale natural mountainous fluvial landscapes. In addition, we observe that when a divide affected by a χ gradient migrates, the orientation of the gradient correctly anticipates the sense of landscape reorganization for ∼2/3 of these divides. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of different thermal processing methods on the structure and allergenicity of peanut allergen Ara h 1
Authors: Tian Yang , Rao Huan , Zhang Ke , Tao Sha , Xue Wen‐Tong
Published: July 2018

Boiling and frying can alter the structure of peanut allergens and therefore change the IgE‐binding capacity of the Ara h 1. In this research, we aim to clarify the connections between structural changes and the allergenicity alteration, and recommend an effective thermal method to minimize the allergenicity of Ara h 1. Anion exchange chromatography was used to isolate Ara h 1 from non/heat‐treated peanuts. Ara h 1 in boiled peanuts has a relatively low hydrophobic index, reduced maximum emission wavelength in the fluorescence, less content of α‐helix, and the lowest IgE‐binding efficiency. On the contrary, Ara h 1 in fried peanuts present a much higher degeneration degree, a red shift in fluorescence, and a decrease in the content of α‐helix. These data indicate that boiling can reduce the allergenicity of Ara h 1, thus can be utilized in peanut processing from a security point of view.
CO2 Enrichment in Anode Loop and Correlation with CO Poisoning of Low Pt Anodes in PEM Fuel Cells
Authors: Erbach S. , Epple S. , Heinen M. , Toth G. , Klages M. , Gaudreau D. , Ages M. , Putz A.
Published: July 2018

In automotive fuel cell systems anode fuel re‐circulation is often used to achieve high hydrogen utilization rates which reduces the hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell car, as well as it is an appropriate way to control hydrogen emissions. During operation hydrogen is consumed, while residual gases increase in the previously mentioned hydrogen loop. Besides nitrogen, we have found that CO2 accumulates in the anode loop and concentrations between 150–350 ppm were measured for varying current densities. We attribute this finding to CO2 crossover from the cathode to the anode and subsequent enrichment in the anode loop. To study the effect of this relatively small CO2‐concentration on the cell performance, tests were conducted with a proton exchange membrane (PEM) 45 cm2 single test cell with contaminated hydrogen/air feed. The data clearly indicate that electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO takes place which has a significant impact on the cell performance due to blocked catalyst sites by CO affecting the current density of the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR). The measurements with hydrogen containing CO2 were matched with hydrogen plus CO measurements to quantify the impact and to determine a “CO‐equivalent concentration” for CO2. Consequences for the operation strategy of fuel cell systems are given.
The Triassic of Traill Ø and Geographical Society Ø, East Greenland: Implications for North Atlantic palaeogeography
Authors: Andrews Steven D. , Decou Audrey
Published: July 2018

The continental Triassic succession north of 72° in East Greenland has seen little investigation but is key in understanding how facies belts vary towards the East Greenland Shelf, and more widely in the North Atlantic region, through this period. This study presents sedimentological analysis of exposures in northern Traill Ø (the Mols Bjerge) and further north in northern Geographical Society Ø (Laplace Bjerg). These sections are correlated with the more widely studied succession which lies to the south, in Jameson Land and broad scale palaeogeographical reconstructions of the North Atlantic are presented. A largely continental Triassic succession of 1445 m was recorded from the Mols Bjerge. However, a 125 m thick clean sand unit (the Vega Sund Member), which includes in its upper part the Gråklint Beds, is re‐interpreted as of shallow marine origin. Over 1200 m of Triassic strata were recognized on Laplace Bjerg. Within this succession 300 m of clean, cross‐bedded sandstones are recorded and are correlated with the Vega Sund Member recorded in the Mols Bjerge. The northward increase in thickness of marine strata developed at this time provides evidence for a more extensive marine influence in the north. This work has important implications for regional palaeogeographies and the character of the Triassic succession in adjacent basins, in particular, constraining the southern extent of the Boreal Ocean during the Mid to Late Triassic. Furthermore, the correlations made places bitumen staining, reported from Laplace Bjerg, within Triassic strata, suggesting the viability of a Triassic play at depth in adjacent offshore basins.
Nogo‐A inhibits vascular regeneration in ischemic retinopathy
Authors: Joly Sandrine , Dejda Agnieszka , Rodriguez Léa , Sapieha Przemyslaw , Pernet Vincent
Published: July 2018

Nogo‐A is a potent glial‐derived inhibitor of axon growth in the injured CNS and acts as a negative regulator of developmental angiogenesis by inhibiting vascular endothelial cell migration. However, its function in pathological angiogenesis has never been studied after ischemic injury in the CNS. Using the mouse model of oxygen‐induced retinopathy (OIR) which yields defined zones of retinal ischemia, our goal was to investigate the role of Nogo‐A in vascular regeneration. We demonstrate a marked upregulation of the Nogo‐A receptor sphingosine 1‐phosphate receptor 2 in blood vessels following OIR, while Nogo‐A is abundantly expressed in surrounding glial cells. Acute inhibition of Nogo‐A with function‐blocking antibody 11C7 significantly improved vascular regeneration and consequently prevented pathological pre‐retinal angiogenesis. Ultimately, inhibition of Nogo‐A led to restoration of retinal function as determined by electrophysiological response of retinal cells to light stimulation. Our data suggest that anti‐Nogo‐A antibody may protect neuronal cells from ischemic damage by accelerating blood vessel repair in the CNS. Targeting Nogo‐A by immunotherapy may improve CNS perfusion after vascular injuries.
Reorganization of cerebro‐cerebellar circuit in patients with left hemispheric gliomas involving language network: A combined structural and resting‐state functional MRI study
Authors: Zhang Nan , Xia Mingrui , Qiu Tianming , Wang Xindi , Lin Ching‐po , Guo Qihao , Lu Junfeng , Wu Qizhu , Zhuang Dongxiao , Yu Zhengda , Gong Fangyuan , Farrukh Hameed N. U. , He Yong , Wu Jinsong , Zhou Liangfu
Published: July 2018

The role of cerebellum and cerebro‐cerebellar system in neural plasticity induced by cerebral gliomas involving language network has long been ignored. Moreover, whether or not the process of reorganization is different in glioma patients with different growth kinetics remains largely unknown. To address this issue, we utilized preoperative structural and resting‐state functional MRI data of 78 patients with left cerebral gliomas involving language network areas, including 46 patients with low‐grade glioma (LGG, WHO grade II), 32 with high‐grade glioma (HGG, WHO grade III/IV), and 44 healthy controls. Spontaneous brain activity, resting‐state functional connectivity and gray matter volume alterations of the cerebellum were examined. We found that both LGG and HGG patients exhibited bidirectional alteration of brain activity in language‐related cerebellar areas. Brain activity in areas with increased alteration was significantly correlated with the language and MMSE scores. Structurally, LGG patients exhibited greater gray matter volume in regions with increased brain activity, suggesting a structure–function coupled alteration in cerebellum. Furthermore, we observed that cerebellar regions with decreased brain activity exhibited increased functional connectivity with contralesional cerebro‐cerebellar system in LGG patients. Together, our findings provide empirical evidence for a vital role of cerebellum and cerebro‐cerebellar circuit in neural plasticity following lesional damage to cerebral language network. Moreover, we highlight the possible different reorganizational mechanisms of brain functional connectivity underlying different levels of behavioral impairments in LGG and HGG patients.
Pretreatment metabolic tumor volume as a prognostic factor in HPV‐associated oropharyngeal cancer in the context of AJCC 8th edition staging
Authors: Floberg John M. , DeWees Todd A. , Chin Re‐I , Garsa Adam A. , Dehdashti Farrokh , Nussenbaum Brian , Oppelt Peter J. , Adkins Douglas R. , Gay Hiram A. , Thorstad Wade L.
Published: July 2018

Background

This study evaluates the prognostic significance of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography ([F‐18]FDG‐PET)‐derived metabolic tumor volume (MTV) in human papillomavirus (HPV)‐associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs) in the context of AJCC 8th edition staging.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study of HPV‐associated OPSCCs treated with postoperative or definitive radiation. The prognostic significance of pretreatment MTV for freedom from recurrence (FFR), freedom from distant metastasis (FFDM), and overall survival (OS) was determined using Kaplan‐Meier analysis. Multivariate analysis (MVA) was performed using Cox regression.

Results

In this 153‐patient cohort, stratifying by the optimum MTV (24 cm3) was prognostic for FFR (P = .0002), FFDM (P = .001), and OS (P < .0001). Metabolic tumor volume (MTV) was prognostic of FFR in AJCC 8th edition stage I/II (P = .03), and stage III patients (P = .04). On multivariate analysis only MTV was a significant factor for OS.

Conclusion

Metabolic tumor volume (MTV) is a significant prognostic factor in HPV‐associated OPSCCs, independent of AJCC 8th edition stage.