bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The value aspect of formation of the speech culture of the future teacher of Russian language and literature
Authors:   Academy of management of the Ministry of internal affairs of the Russian Federation, Zemzereva Valentina I.
Published: March 2022

The article discusses the issues of the formation of moral values of the personality of the future teacher, who, in the process of teaching the Russian language and literature in his students, will have to educate spirituality and preserve the spiritual culture of our country, instill love and respect for its values and national traditions. It is presented how the content of university education can be used to work aimed at the formation of value orientations amongphilology students — future teachers of the Russian language and literature. It is proposed to consider the possession of speech culture as one of the main value characteristics of the language personality of the future teacher. The most important directions of the development of the communicative culture of the future philologist specialist are noted, related to the deepening and improvement of language knowledge, skills and abilities necessary for him in the upcoming pedagogical activity to educate students in a value attitude to the Russian language. One of the most important tasks of higher education has been identified, namely, the need to improve the general cultural level of our society, in particular, the speech culture of the future teacher. The preservation of existing traditions, the formation of moral values, the education of a linguistic personality capable of successful communication are important components of the pedagogical education of a future teacher of the Russian language and literature. It is established that for a specialist working with children, teaching and educational activities should be accompanied by a high speech culture of the teacher, deep knowledge of the language, he should form a value attitude to learning the Russian language, have the ability to teach schoolchildren to master the spiritual and cultural values of our country with the help of their native language.
K. D. Ushinsky’s date of birth: completion of discussion
Authors:   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after К. D. Ushinsky, Gruzdev Mikhail V. , Novikov Mikhail V. ,   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after К. D. Ushinsky
Published: March 2022

The problem associated with determining the exact date of birth of great Russian teacher Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky is being considered. There is a contradiction in the available documentary sources, which became the basis for the appearance of different versions, there are two main ones for 2021 — February 19, 1823 and February 19, 1824. It is noted that the basis of the version of 1824 was the memoirs of Ushinsky himself, his close friends M. K. Chaly and Yu. S. Rekhnevsky, as well as his first biographers. The unreliability of memories as a historical source is emphasized, in support of the memoirs of Chaly, from which one can conclude both about 1823 and about 1824. The reasoning of the Soviet adherents of version 1824 is considered, based on the authors' assumptions about deception by the parents of K. D. Ushinsky of the Tula Spiritual Consistory to obtain a birth certificate, making son Konstantin a year elder than the true age, with the aim of earlier enrollment in the gymnasium. Documents of the State Archive of the Tula Region related to the issue of identifying the Tula Spiritual Consistory of witness and documentary evidence of the birth and baptising Konstantin on February 19, 1823 in Tula are analyzed. It is emphasized that the testimony of witnesses is supported by irrefutable documentary evidence — a formal list for the service of Father D. G. Ushinsky, issued by the office of the Minister of Finance of the Russian Empire. The role of ascetics — teachers of Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushinsky and Tula State Pedagogical University named after L. N. Tolstoy in substantiating and promoting the version of 1823 is considered. The decisive role of the President of the Russian Federation V. V. Putin in the final recognition of 1823 the year of K. D. Ushinsky birth is emphasized.
Efectos organolépticos en la sustitución de azúcar refinada (miel, stevia, panela) en los helados artesanales
Authors:   ,   Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Velapatiño Rivas Ariana Miriam
Published: March 2022

La industria de los helados ha permitido la creación de nuevos procesos de elaboración o sustitución de algunos ingredientes para la elaboración de los mismos, ya sea para mejorar las cualidades del producto como físico químicas y organolépticas, esto para obtener un mejor resultado o hacer helados más saludables. Además, cada vez hay una mayor demanda por productos con propiedades que intervengan la salud de una manera positiva. Con el propósito de mejorar los helados desde una perspectiva saludable se hace necesario el cambio de algunos ingredientes como el azúcar, ya que este producto en grandes cantidades es dañino para la salud estando muy relacionado con enfermedades como la diabetes, es por ello que se ha analizado posibles ingredientes para sustituir el uso de azúcar, tratando de no alterar drásticamente el sabor de la formulación original, por otro lado reducir las concentraciones de azúcar y obtener un helado más beneficioso. El presente estudio toma como sustitutos del azúcar a la Miel, Stevia y Panela debido a que estos productos también son endulzantes con diferentes características y más saludables que el azúcar ya que contienen diferentes propiedades beneficiosas para el consumo humano y son considerados más naturales. En los últimos años se han encontrado más productos que pueden ser utilizados para sustituir algunos ingredientes en la elaboración de helados artesanales y así conferir características diferentes y obtener helados más saludables. Sin embargo, desconocemos las características organolépticas que estos azucares conferirán a los helados artesanales, bajo ese contexto se plantea experimentar con cada uno de estos productos y se presentara los resultados obtenidos. El desafío de la industria es encontrar el balance entre la calidad del producto terminado, midiendo propiedades físicas del producto y aceptabilidad del consumidor; sobre todo cuando se emplean ingredientes no comunes. Bajo ese contexto el objetivo de la presente investigación es evaluar las características organolépticas del helado artesanal sometidas al uso de stevia, miel y panela como endulzante a cambio de azúcar refinada.
Analisis Keunggulan Sektor Basis dan Non Basis Produktivitas Tanaman Pangan pada Komoditas Kelapa di Kalimantan Selatan Menggunakan Metide Location Quotients (LQ)
Authors: Pratama Muhammad Royadi , Nasruddin Nasruddin , Nugroho Arif Rahman
Published: March 2022

Abstrak Identifikasi ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perkembangan produktivitas kelapa di provinsi Kalimantan Selatan sebagai pengelolaan tanaman pangan yang berpotensi menjadi sektor basis pada komoditas kelapa sehingga dapat di ambil kebijakan yang dapat di gunakan untuk mengembangkan perekonomian secara berkelanjutan. Pengambilan identifikasi ini menggunakan sejumlah potensi-potensi yang berkembang pesat pada daerah-daerah tertentu untuk di lakukan pengembangan lebih lanjut sebagai sektor pengirim suku cadang tanaman pangan komoditas kelapa. Pengumpulan data dan informasi di dapat melalui google sebagai bahan acu untuk pengeambilan studi litelatur dari hasil pengidentifikasian sehingga di temukan faktor kegunaan pada tanaman pangan kelapa, segala manfaat yang terdapat pada kelapa, dan perkembangan ekonomi yang baik untuk masyarakat yang memperdayakan dalam kehidupan sosial dan ekonomi. Adapun faktor internal kelemahan, kesadaran masayarakat masih rendah terhadap perkembangan tanaman pangan pohon kelapa sebagai sumber daya ekonomi yang baik. Kurangnya ketersediaan lahan untuk pengelolan tanaman pangan kelapa ini pada kota. faktor eksternal meliputi persaingan antara daerah kabupaten maupun kota. Perkembangan masyarakat lokal yang tidak memahami produktivitas kelapa akibat mudahnya pemasokan kelapa dari berbagai daerah luar. Kata Kunci : perkembangan,kelapa,kalimantan selatan,identifikasi
Analisis Faktor Masyarakat Tetap Bertempat Tinggal Di Kawasan Rawan Bencana Banjir Kabupaten Banjar
Authors: Nugroho Arif Rahman , Sari Yulika Puspita , Pangaribuan Alfio Nita
Published: March 2022

Abstrak Topografi wilayah Kabupaten Banjar berkisar antara 0-1.878 meter dari permukaan laut (dpl). Rendahnya letak Kabupaten Banjar dari permukaan laut menyebabkan aliran air pada permukaan tanah menjadi kurang lancar. Akibatnya sebagian wilayah selalu tergenang (29,93 %) sebagian lagi (0,58 %) tergenang secara periodik. Dampaknya dari kondisi fisik Kabupaten Banjar tersebut, banyak masyarakat yang menjadi korban bencana banjir bandang ketika curah hujan yang cukup tinggi, selama ada fenomena La nina maka bisa berdampak pada terjadi banjir, banjir bandang dan tanah longsor. Masyarakat yang menjadi korban banjir tersebut tetap memilih bertahan dan kembali membangun di daerah tepian sungai tersebut walau status sertifikat lahan yang ada tidak resmi/ilegal. Oleh karena itu untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut bagaimana kondisi eksisting dan preferensi masyarakat yang menjadi korban banjir tersebut kembali bermukim di kawasan tersebut,  maka penulis tertarik untuk melakukan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini hanya terbatas pada seluruh warga masyarakat yang tinggal di kawasan rawan bencana banjir sempadan sungai. Penelitian didesain dengan menggunakan mixed method.  Pengumpulan data kuantitatif dilakukan melalui metode survei. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penyebaran kuesioner Hierarki Analitik (Analytical Hierarchy Process). Sedangkan pengumpulan data kualitatif, dilakukan melalui: (1) Indepth - Interview dan (2) Focus Group Discussion (FGD).  Hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa pertimbangan utama yang mendasari masyarakat memutuskan untuk tetap tinggal di kawasan rawan bencana banjir sempadan sungai Riam Kiwa, Desa Mangkauk, Kecamatan Pengaron, Kabupaten Banjar faktor kedekatan dengan keluarga/kerabat (turun-temurun), diikuti dengan sangat sulit mencari lokasi tinggal yang cocok untuk kehidupannya, tidak mampu membeli tanah/rumah yang layak, takut kehilangan mata pencaharian,  mudah mendapatkan sumber air dan harga tanah lebih murah. Masyarakat juga merasa tidak nyaman untuk tetap tinggal karena sadar bahwa lokasi tersebut rawan akan bencana banjir serta rentan menjadi korban penggusuran karena status sertifikat lahan tidak resmi/ilegal, lahan yang ditempati tidak sesuai dengan peruntukan rencana tata ruang Kabupaten Banjar.Kata Kunci: Analisis Faktor, Kawasan Rawan Bencana, Lahan Ilegal, Banjir, Preferensi
Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Kepedulian Mahasiswa Terhadap Lingkungan Hidup Kota Banjarmasin
Authors: Nulyakin Ragha Rahman , Mukminin Amirul , Yusri Muhammad , Riadi Selamat
Published: March 2022

Abstrak. Permasalahan lingkungan hidup merupakan masalah sangat komplek dihadapi Indonesia. Permasalahan lingkungan hidup yang terjadi lebih banyak disebabkan oleh sikap dan perilaku manusia. Pemerintah melalui berbagai upaya untuk mengatasi permasalahan lingkungan hidup, namun sampai saat ini belum optimal dan tetap menjadi masalah utama di Indonesia.  Selain membutuhkan upaya pemecahan masalah dari pemerintah juga memerlukan adanya upaya kesadaran dari masyarakat sebagai sumber utama penyebab serta diperlukan sikap peduli dari mahasiswa sebagai kaum intelektual yang dapat memberikan solusi dan mengedukasi masyarakat untuk peduli lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengetahuan, sikap dan kepedulian mahasiswa terhadap lingkungan hidup di Kota Banjarmasin. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain survei. Sampel penelitian ini adalah Mahasiswa Progarm Studi Geografi FISIP ULM yang bertempat tinggal di Kota Banjarmasin. Pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara dan angket. Temuan penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: 1) mayoritas responden memiliki skor pengetahun yang baik tentang lingkungan hidup; 2) Mayoritas responden menyadari bahwa dirinya salah dalam menjaga kualitas lingkungan di Kota Banjarmasin; 3) Mayoritas responden memiliki kesadaran lingkungan yang rendah.Kata Kunci: Pengetahuan, sikap, kepedulian, lingkungan hidup
PEMETAAN POLA SPASIAL KEBAKARAN HUTAN DAN LAHAN DI TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG MERBABU BERBASIS PENGINDERAAN JAUH TAHUN 2019
Authors: Hadi Inu Kencana , Mukti Sigit Heri , Widyatmanti Wirastuti
Published: March 2022

Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan negara dengan hutan tropis terluas ketiga di dunia, namun hampir setengah dari hutan Indonesia sudah terdegradasi. Salah satu penyebab terjadinya degradasi hutan adalah kebakaran. Secara historis, kebakaran hutan dan lahan adalah fenomena yang terus berulang di semua wilayah berhutan di Indonesia. Kebakaran hutan di Taman Nasional Gunung Merbabu yang terjadi hampir setiap tahun merupakan permasalahan yang serius, terutama pada bulan-bulan kering. Tercatat dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir yaitu antara bulan September 2014 hingga bulan September 2019, terjadi 4 kali kebakaran yang cukup besar. Dalam studi ini, kami menggunakan algoritma untuk mengestimasi kebakaran menggunakan deret waktu citra Landsat-8 OLI. Pendekatan ini diuji di area Taman Nasional Gunung Merbabu menggunakan 2 citra yang diperoleh antara bulan Juni – September 2019. Akurasi keseluruhan 85% diperoleh berdasarkan Overall Accuracy dan Kappa hat Classification. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa algoritma yang digunakan memiliki potensi yang tinggi untuk diterapkan di lanskap lain dalam studi mendatang.Kata Kunci: NBR, Kebakaran Hutan, Tingkat Keparahan Kebakaran, Penginderaan Jauh
MITIGASI BENCANA PADA MASYARAKAT TRADISIONAL KAMPUNG AIR KELURAHAN MANTUIL KOTA BANJARMASIN
Authors: Shofwan Moch. , Nugroho Arif Rahman , Prasakti Yogi , Fitria Nazwa Noor , Azmi Laila
Published: March 2022

Pesatnya pertumbuhan penduduk dan ekonomi di perkotaan memicu urbanisasi. Seiring dengan kebutuhan hunian, orang cenderung menggunakan sempadan sungai sebagai tempat tinggal. Salah satu kawasan permukiman sempadan sungai di Kota Banjarmasin yang berkembang yaitu sempadan sungai Martapura Kelurahan Mantuil. Ditinjau dari aspek geologis, geografis, dan morfologis, Kalimantan Selatan merupakan provinsi yang rawan banjir, hampir setiap tahun banjir terjadi termasuk di Kota Banjarmasin. Dampaknya, banyak masyarakat sempadan sungai menjadi korban. Masyarakat yang menjadi korban banjir tersebut, tetap memilih bertahan. Oleh karena itu untuk mengetahui kondisi eksisting permukiman, preferensi bermukim, dan bentuk mitigasi bencana banjir pemukim, penelitian ini dilakukan. Penelitian didesain menggunakan mixed method. Teknik sampling yang digunakan Purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui Survey, Indepth - Interview, dan FGD dengan jenis analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola permukiman mengelompok dengan lahan yang tidak sesuai dengan peruntukannya, kondisi ekonomi dan sosial rendah, serta ketersediaan sarana pasarana belum memadai.Pemukim memutuskan untuk tetap bertahan karena aksesbilitas menuju tempat kerja, kedekatan dengan keluarga, lingkungan aman. Bentuk bentuk mitigasi yang dilakukan seperti cara masyarakat meletakan bangunan, membangun infrastruktur, dan pola ruang.
Purplewashing and Gender Parity: Break the Bias
Authors: Martinez-Fierro Margarita L , Garza-Veloz Idalia
Published: March 2022

Gender parity, is an important standard to be achieved by a society in which men and women are treated equally. The distinctions in the treatment may arise from psychology, biology, or cultural norms constructed by society. Studies show the different experiences of genders across many areas including health, education, personality, life expectancy, sports, interests, political empowerment, and careers. However, we are still far from reaching the objective, because there are conducts such as gender discrimination and expressions such as the purplewashing. In relation to feminism, purplewashing is used to define a diversity of marketing and political strategies intended at promoting people, companies, associations, and other organizations through an appeal to gender equality: they use only some of the feminist values at their convenience and in its actions, they are not really supportive of gender equality. In this opinion we aimed to address some of the reasons for inequality of opportunities based on gender; purplewashing is described as an expression that takes away the visibility of women's struggle. Additionally, we touch on some actions that promote gender equality in the family, educational, and work environments. Global leaders have an unprecedented opportunity to build gender-sensitive societies and economies. The challenges facing women today are essentially the same as they were a long time ago. It is time to break the bias.
Characteristics, Threats and Challenges of Shrimp Production among Small-Holder and Commercial Penaeus vannamei Shrimp Farmers in Davao Region, Philippines
Authors: Clapano Misael B. , Diuyan Jenie Mae T. , Rapiz France Guillian B. , Macusi Edison D.
Published: March 2022

Shrimp industry in the Philippines plays a vital role in the economy by contributing a total production in the fisheries sector of 60,000 tons of production and 7,000 tons of shrimp exported in overseas markets such as South Korea, Japan, USA and others. This study aimed to describe the various cultural and operational characteristics of a shrimp farm (Penaeus vannamei) in Davao region, and assessed the current risk and challenges experienced by shrimp farmers during the time of pandemic. This study made use of semi-structured questionnaire and focused on shrimp farmers, operators in the provinces of Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur and Davao de Oro as respondents (N=41 farmers). Results showed that small scale shrimp farming averaged 10 tons/ha per cropping; the highly intensive farms yielded 24 tons/ha per cropping. Most operators used generator machines as source of electricity to facilitate aeration accompanied with paddle wheel and blower in some farms; about 2/3 of the commercial shrimp farms used electricity from electric line. In terms of their expenditures, feed inputs have the highest cost (Php 566,700.00 for small-scale farmers, Php 5,572,900.00 for commercial farms) followed by fry (Php 144,800.00 for small-scale farmers, Php 2,080,000.00 for commercial farms) and fuel/electric bill (Php 114,000.00 for small-scale farmers, Php 4,380,000.00 for commercial farms). The average profit per ha of small holder farmers was Php 1,040,000.00. Most farmers mentioned that their shrimps experienced diseases such as white spot syndrome (60%), black gills (35%) and red tail (5%). The farmers point to contamination from water or poor water quality management which caused this disease. The study recommends that farmers should follow good shrimp aquaculture practices including water quality management.
Sovateltide Mediated Endothelin B Receptors Agonism and Curbing Neurological Disorders
Authors: Ranjan Amaresh K , Gulati Anil
Published: March 2022

Neurological / neurovascular disorders constitute the leading cause of disability and second leading cause of deaths in the world. Some of the major neurological / neurovascular disorders or diseases include stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, spinal cord injury, neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, etc. Their pathophysiology is considered as highly complex and has been blamed as the main obstacle in the development of any drugs for these diseases. In this review, we have described the endothelin system, their involvement in neurovascular disorders, importance of endothelin B receptors (ETBRs) as a novel potential drug target, and its agonism by IRL-1620 (INN - sovateltide), which we are developing as a drug candidate for treating the above-mentioned neurological disorders / diseases. We have highlighted the results of our pre-clinical and clinical studies related to these diseases. The phase I, safety and tolerability study of sovateltide has shown it as a highly safe and well tolerable compound at tested dosages, while pre-clinical and clinical phase II studies have demonstrated its efficacy in treating acute ischemic stroke, where it is currently being developed as a “First in Class” drug. Its testing in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), acute spinal cord injury and neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is currently being carried out and are at different stages of drug development. Successful completion of these studies will prove the involvement of ETBRs signaling in neurological / neurovascular diseases and help in development of novel neurological drugs in future.
Real Time Road Monitoring System
Authors: Kamal Muhammad Ayoub
Published: March 2022

We are living in a world where people always strive for the luxuries they can get with less hard work and for these smart systems are developed and established all over the world to make life easier for the people. However, in Pakistan being a third-world country we are unable to achieve better results due to the lack of proper transit from one area to another. Sometimes the roads are not in their optimum conditions and hence people have to face a lot of problems while traveling. In urban areas, people cannot reach their destination in time, in some cases, they damage their vehicles due to the cracks on the roads, in medical emergency patient dies most of the time in their transit from rescuing point to the hospital. Similarly, in rural areas where farmers face countless problems while bringing their yield of the season towards the markets. Therefore, having described the severe damage the bad quality of roads is making. A solution is proposed to solve the problems of both the rural and urban population in our project. The project aims to provide the solution to their problem to a certain extent by monitoring the conditions of the roads. The sensors in the system will calculate the values and send them to the cloud server. The cloud server used is the blynk platform where the data will be stored. Moreover, data can be provided to the government in the future for the timely maintenance of the roads, and hence the citizens and lifestyle of the people will be changed. It is expected that the problems of both urban and rural population will be solved to a greater percentage.
Expansion Microscopy on Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Korovesi Artemis G. , Morgado Leonor , Fumasoni Marco , Henriques Ricardo , Heil Hannah , Del Rosario Mario
Published: March 2022

The unicellular eukaryote S. cerevisiae is an invaluable resource for the study of basic eukaryotic cellular and molecular processes. However, due to its small size compared to other eukaryotic organisms the study of subcellular structures is challenging. Expansion microscopy (ExM) holds great potential to study the intracellular architecture of yeast, especially when paired with pan-labelling techniques visualising the full protein content inside cells. ExM allows to increase imaging resolution by physically enlarging a fixed sample that is embedded and cross- linked to a swellable gel followed by isotropic expansion in water. The cell wall present in fungi – including yeast – and Gram-positive bacteria is a resilient structure that resists denaturation and conventional digestion processes usually used in ExM protocols, resulting in uneven expansion. Thus, the digestion of the cell wall while maintaining the structure of the resulting protoplasts are crucial steps to ensure isotropic expansion. For this reason, specific experimental strategies are needed, and only a few protocols are currently available. We have developed a modified ExM protocol for S. cerevisiae, with 4x expansion factor, which allows the visualisation of the ultrastructure of the cells. Here, we describe the experimental procedure in detail, focusing on the most critical steps required to achieve isotropic expansion for ExM of S. cerevisiae.
Hubungan Imunisasi BCG dengan Tuberkulosis Paru pada Anak Balita di RSUD Dr.Moewardi
Authors: Fatahillah Hidayat , Andarini Ismiranti , Hidayah Dwi
Published: March 2022

Background: Tuberculosis is still one of the main threats to public health as a cause of death from infectious diseases. One of the preventive efforts to prevent tuberculosis is the BCG immunization program, but the effectiveness of BCG immunization has decreased and the results differ in various research locations so it needs to be reviewed. This study aims to determine the relationship between BCG immunization and the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in children under five

Methods: This research is an analytic observational design with a case control study conducted at RSUD Dr. Moewardi. Respondents in this study were divided into 2 groups, namely 30 case samples (pulmonary TB) and 30 control samples (non-pulmonary TB) where sampling was done by purposive sampling method. Samples were obtained from patient medical record data in the 2017-2019 period and then processed using SPSS 26 software

Results: Based on the results of the bivariate analysis using the Fisher's Exact test, the correlation between phi (ρ) of 0.612 (α = 0.05) showed that there was no significant relationship between BCG immunization and pulmonary tuberculosis in children under five at Dr. Moewardi.

Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between the provision of BCG immunization with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in children under five at RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta.
ANÁLISIS DE MERCADO PARA UN GENERADOR DE HIDRÓGENO ADAPTADO A UN MOTOR DE DOS (2) TIEMPOS EN UNA BICICLETA EN LA CIUDAD DE BOGOTÁ
Authors:   Corporación Universitaria Republicana, RODRÍGUEZ RAMÍREZ YIMI LEANDRO , SANDOVAL SUÁREZ SONIA ALEXANDRA , SANTOS MORENO DAVID SEBASTIÁN
Published: March 2022

Hydrogen (H2) is the great alternative to conventional fossil fuels in the fight against climate change, since it produces polluting emissions that are friendly to the environment and because of its efficiency: it generates three times as much energy as other fuels, such as gasoline. This work will show a market analysis of a prototype called «hydrogen generator (H2) for bicycle» that will be incorporated into a two (2) stroke engine as a mobility alternative in the city of Bogotá. In a first phase, the initial market study was developed from a representative sample of (384 surveys) and secondary sources, finding that young people between 18 and 25 years of age are the potential clients who could acquire the generator and adapt it to the bicycle, according to the statistical analysis, they represent 48.7% of the total Bogota population, that is, an estimated 2.450.198 people.
Use of Rigorous Multiphase Flow Models for Leak Detection and Online Flow Assurance
Authors: Havre Kjetil , Trudvang Christian , Kjørrefjord Gustav , Smith Sonia , King Colin C , Vinicombe Jaqueline , Roberts Trevor
Published: March 2022

Cenovus Energy has deployed a rigorous multiphase flow assurance online solution to detect leaks and monitor hydrate formation conditions at the White Rose Field and satellite extensions 350 km east of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Twenty-five production wells are connected via subsea manifolds to the SeaRose floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) system, through four flexible flowlines and risers.

An online subsea advisor has been developed to provide control-room operators with enhanced monitoring/visibility in detecting potential leaks and hydrate formation within the subsea system, including the mechanical flowline connectors. The online solution makes use of a commercial multiphase flow simulator. An online real-time mode (RTM) was developed to simulate the production loops connecting the manifolds to the SeaRose FPSO. The wells are equipped with multiphase flowmeters, which are calibrated at regular intervals during well test campaigns. Reconciled flow rates from the meters are used as inlet boundary conditions to the real-time multiphase model. This RTM acts as a digital twin of the production network.

As part of the online subsea advisor leak detection system (LDS), Schlumberger has delivered improved algorithms for leak detection in multiphase production networks. The solution makes use of 14 signatures indicating leaks, which form the basis for a generalized multivariable LDS. Artificial intelligence and data clustering are used to determine whether the signature vector indicates a leak. By making use of multiple leak signatures, the system becomes more robust with respect to sensor faults and drift. Multiple signatures also reduce the number of false alarms and make the LDS less dependent on model calibration. The use of signatures, artificial intelligence and data clustering is new compared to traditional mass balance model-based LDS. The theory is described with results from four of these 14 signatures in the paper.

The advisor system monitors the potential for hydrate formation conditions and calculates the hydrate margin at the flowline connectors, which have been identified as potential "cold spots." A rigorous flowline connector model has been implemented at positions along the flow path where they exist in the field. This model is fine-tuned to estimate mechanical flowline connector wall temperatures. This gives the control-room operators a realistic estimate of reaction time to manage an emergency shutdown and initiates an alarm when hydrate conditions will be reached, prompting immediate action of predefined safeguard measures.
Quantification of Phase Behaviour and Physical Properties of Alkane Solvents/CO2/ Water/Heavy Oil Systems under Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Conditions
Authors: Yang Daoyong , Li Yunlong , Huang Desheng
Published: March 2022

The hybrid steam-solvent injection has been considered as a promising technique for enhancing heavy oil/bitumen recovery, while its main mechanisms including the heat transferred and dissolution of solvents (e.g., C3H8, C4H10, CO2, N2, and DME) into heavy oil/bitumen to reduce its viscosity and swell it are closely related to the phase behaviour of the solvents/water/heavy oil systems. To allow the seamless integration with the existing reservoir simulators, the traditional cubic equations of state (i.e., SRK EOS and PR EOS) have been modified and improved to accurately quantify the phase behaviour and physical properties of the aforementioned systems under equilibrium and nonequilibrium conditions. Firstly, a huge database has been built to develop the corresponding alpha functions by minimizing the deviation between the measured and calculated vapour pressures for water as well as nonhydrocarbon and hydrocarbon compounds available from the public domain. Such obtained alpha functions are further validated with enthalpy of vaporization for pure substances, and then the reduced temperature has been optimized and the eccentric factor has been redefined. Finally, a pressure-implicit strategy has been developed to optimize the binary interaction parameters (BIPs) by treating heavy oil as one pseudocomponent (PC) or multiple PCs. Also, the contributions of each solvent to the aforementioned systems have been compared and analyzed within a consistent and unified framework. In addition to new alpha functions for hydrocarbons and water, respectively, the reduced temperature is found to have its optimum value of 0.59 for the two equations of state (EOSs), while 0.60 is recommended for practical use. Such improved EOSs have been further employed to reproduce the experimentally measured multiphase boundaries (or pseudo-bubble-point pressures), density, viscosity, (mutual) solubility, and preferential mass transfer for the aforementioned mixtures under equilibrium and nonequilibrium conditions. The swelling effect for the heavy oil can be enhanced due to the addition of C3H8 and/or C4H10 or their mixtures into the CO2 stream. Due to the existence of water, isenthalpic flash leads to more accurate quantification of multiphase boundaries and physical properties for the hybrid solvent-thermal processes. Each component of a binary or ternary gas mixture is found to diffuse preferentially into heavy oil at high pressures and elevated temperatures in the absence and presence of porous media, while each of them is found to exsolve differently from gas-saturated heavy oil under nonequilibrium conditions.
Mental Distress and Behavioral Problems in Unaccompanied Minors During the Initial 18 Months in Two European Host Countries
Authors: Jakobsen Marianne , Vervliet Marianne , Demott Melinda A. Meyer , Derluyn Ilse , Heir Trond
Published: March 2022

Large numbers of unaccompanied minors (UMs) have been migrating from low-income countries to European countries in recent years. Still, knowledge about risk behaviour and conduct problems in these populations is scarce. There is also a lack of knowledge about how mental health and behavioural problems in these populations change over time and whether this varies between host countries with different asylum procedures, care routines and reception facilities. Thus, our aim was to compare trajectories of mental health and behavioural problems in populations of UMs arriving in two European host countries with different practices for handling and care of UMs. We examined mental health and behavioural problems of UMs shortly after their arrival in Norway (n = 204) and Belgium (n = 103) using self-report questionnaires (HSCL‐37A, SLE, RATS, HTQ). The same procedure was repeated after 18 months in both Norway (n=127) and Belgium (n=76). There was a significant increase in externalizing behaviour among UMs in Belgium, but not among UMs in Norway. The changes were due to an increase in substance abuse more than other maladaptive externalizing behaviours. Internalizing symptoms and posttraumatic stress reactions stayed relatively unchanged for UMs in both countries. We postulate that different care and reception facilities for UMs may explain differences in substance abuse between the two countries. Apart from substance use, there were insignificant changes in mental health and externalizing behaviours among UMs in the first 18 months after arriving in their host countries.
Sub-lethal apoptotic stress enables mtDNA release during senescence and drives the SASP
Authors: Passos Joao , Chapman James , Salmonowicz Hanna , Victorelli Stella , Martini Helene , Riley Joel , Cloix Catherine , Shadel Gerald , Netto Jair Machado Espindola , Jurk Diana , Lagnado Anthony , Gomez Lilian , Farr Joshua , Saul Dominik , Reed Becca , Greaves Laura , Mann Derek , Masuda Claudio Akio , Khosla Sundeep , Dai Haiming , LeBrasseur Nathan , Korolchuk Viktor , Shae Xue , Adams Peter , Tait Stephen , Vizioli Maria Grazia , Castillo Alva Sainz , Kaufmann Scott , Dou Zhixun
Published: March 2022

Senescent cells drive age-related tissue dysfunction partially via the induction of a chronic senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Mitochondria are major regulators of the SASP; however, the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated. Mitochondria also control apoptosis, a cell fate generally perceived as distinct from cellular senescence, which is apoptosis resistant.
Here, we show that mitochondrial outer membrane permeability (MOMP) occurring in a small subset of mitochondria is a feature of cellular senescence. This process, called minority MOMP (miMOMP), depends on the formation of BAX and BAK macropores and results in release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) into the cytosol, which in turn activates the cGAS/STING pathway, a major regulator of the SASP. Importantly, we found that inhibition of MOMP in vivo decreases inflammatory markers and improves healthspan parameters in aged mice.
Our results propose the novel concept that apoptosis and senescence are regulated by similar mitochondrial-dependent mechanisms, and that sub-lethal mitochondrial apoptotic stress is a major driver of the SASP. We also provide proof-of-concept that inhibition of miMOMP may be a new therapeutic avenue to improve healthspan.
Martian Global-Scale Flooding Triggered by Atmospheric Collapse
Authors: Buhler Peter
Published: March 2022

Mars experienced an enigmatic epoch of intense liquid water surface erosion ~3.6 billion years ago [1-4], which is particularly puzzling because it followed a period of gentler fluvial erosion [3] despite the waning of processes typically thought to sustain surface water (e.g., volcanism, impacts, thicker atmosphere) [1]. Mars was likely cold 3.6 billion years ago, with most of its surface water frozen in southern ice sheets [5-7], seemingly at odds with a liquid surface water optimum. However, here I report model results showing that burial of a southern H2O ice cap [7] by thick CO2 ice sheets when Mars’ CO2 atmosphere collapsed ~3.6 billion years ago [5,8] would have melted a substantial portion of Mars’ water inventory, leading to direct fluvial erosion and a more active global water cycle. Melting driven by one or more atmospheric collapse-inflation cycles [5,8,9] can produce previously unexplained drainage patterns that span from near the south pole [10,11] to the equator [12-14]. The model predicts potential habitats for early martian life in periodic, long-lived (potentially ≥10^7 year) subglacial melt and ice-covered, Mediterranean-Sea-sized [12,13] lakes.
Patellar Development After Patella Instability And Early Reduction In Growing Rabbits
Authors: Li Weifeng , Wang Qian , Wang Haiying , Wang Shunyi
Published: March 2022

Background: Patella-shaped disorder has been considered as a predisposing factor for patellar instability. But the influence of early patella reduction for patellar development remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate whether early operation in patella instability could improve patella morphology in growing rabbits.Methods: Fifty rabbits (1-month-old) were were included in the study. The control group underwent no surgical procedures. The two experimental groups (reduction group and non-reduced group), underwent medial soft tissue restraint release. The reduction group, rabbits underwent the medial soft tissue sutura surgery in order to stabilize the patella 2 months postoperative. The non-reduced group, rabbits did not undergo suture surgery. Computed Tomography (CT) scans analysis in two experimental endpoints (2, 5 months postoperatively) were selected to evaluate the transverse diameter, thickness, Wiberg index, and Wiberg angle of patella. Gross observation was conducted to assess morphological changes of the patella.Results: CT scans showed significant difference in the mean transverse diameter and Wiberg angle of patella between the two groups after 2 months surgery. 5 months after surgery, the four indices were found no statistically difference in the reduction group versus the control group. However, the transverse diameter, Wiberg angle in the non-reduced group were significantly differences than that in the reduction group (P < 0.05). Gross observation showed a flattened articular surface of the patella in the non-reduced group.Conclusions: The results indicated that patella instability may lead to patella-shaped disorder, showing a flattened morphology. Early patella reduction can improve the patella morphology in growing rabbits.
Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated from a Variety of Meats in Sabo Market, Ikorodu, Lagos, Nigeria.
Authors: Sowunmi Kehinde , Olamiji Ogunseye Mary , Adesola Dunmiju Yetunde , Lawal Adesiyan Ayobami , Adejoke Oladimeji Kafayat , Emmanuel Kade Ayomikun , Mohammadi Mohammad Reza , Seun Orelesi Olusola
Published: March 2022

Foodborne pathogens such as E. coli can be found in large quantities in animal meat. This study was carried out in Sabo Market Ikorodu, Lagos, Nigeria, to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from meats. The procedure for isolating Escherichia coli was based on the USA-FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to determine antibiotic resistance patterns in Escherichia coli isolates against eight antibiotics. In the meat samples, the overall prevalence of Escherichia coli was 82.00% (169/200). Escherichia coli was found in sheep meat (87.50%), Guinea fowl (87.50%), cow meat (85.00%), local chicken (77.50%), and goat meat (72.50%). The average coliform count was 3.12 CFU/cm2, with guinea fowl (3.44 log CFU/cm2) having the highest count and local chicken (2.23 log CFU/cm2) having the lowest. The isolates of Escherichia coli were highly resistant to erythromycin (85.00%), tetracycline (73.33%), and ampicillin (73.33%). (71.67%). The MAR index (multiple antibiotic resistance) ranged from 0.13 to 1. Antimicrobial resistance patterns were found in 23 Escherichia coli isolates, with TeAmpE (tetracycline-ampicillin-erythromycin) being the most common. The isolates of Escherichia coli had a multidrug resistance rate of 68.33 percent. The findings revealed that Escherichia coli was commonly found in various meat types and had multidrug resistance, indicating that effective antibiotic stewardship guidelines are needed to streamline antibiotic use in the production industry.
The Impact of Adjuvant Chemotherapy on Survival in Mucinous and Non-mucinous Rectal Adenocarcinoma Patients After TME Surgery
Authors: Vernmark Karolina , Holmqvist Annika , Loftås Per , Sun Xiao-Feng
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe value of adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) for rectal cancer patients is debated and varies in different subgroups. One such subgroup is mucinous adenocarcinoma (MAC), which is more treatment resistant compared to non-mucinous adenocarcinoma (NMAC). To date, mucinous histology is not taken into account when deciding on adjuvant treatment strategy. No previous study has exclusively included patients with RC, then separated MAC and NMAC and compared the survival in patients that had or did not have adjuvant CT.MethodsThe study included retrospective data from 365 Swedish patients with stage II-IV rectal adenocarcinoma, 56 patients with MAC and 309 patients with NMAC. The patients had surgery with total mesorectal excision (TME) in a curative intent during 2004 -2013 and were followed up to 2021. Clinicopathological characteristics, and details concerning oncological and surgical treatment were recorded. ResultsPatients with MAC that had adjuvant CT had better overall survival (OS) compared to patients without CT (HR 0.42; CI 95%: 0.19-0.93; p = 0.032). The difference was still significant even after adjusting for sex, age, stage, differentiation, neoadjuvant CT and preoperative radiotherapy (HR 0.40; CI 95%: 0.17-0.92; p = 0.031). There were no such difference in the NMAC patients. ConclusionsThe patients with MAC benefited from adjuvant CT while patients with NMAC did not, indicating that the two subgroups of patients may need different treatment strategies.
Randomized Single-blind Comparative Study of the Midazolam/pethidine Combination and Midazolam Alone During Bronchoscopy
Authors: Katsurada Masahiro , Tachihara Motoko , Katsurada Naoko , Takata Naoya , Sato Hiroki , Mimura Chihiro , Yoshioka Junya , Furukawa Koichi , Yumura Masako , Otoshi Takehiro , Yasuda Yuichiro , Kiriu Tatsunori , Hazama Daisuke , Nagano Tatsuya , Yamamoto Masatsugu , Nishimura Yoshihiro , Kobayashi Kazuyuki
Published: March 2022

Background:Bronchoscopy can be a distress for the patient. There have been few studies on the combination of sedatives and opioids. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the usefulness and safety of administration of the combination of midazolam and pethidine during bronchoscopy.Methods:In this prospective randomized single (patient)-blind study, we randomly assigned 100 patients who were scheduled to undergo bronchoscopy biopsy to receive treatment with either the midazolam/pethidine combination (combination group) or midazolam alone (midazolam group) during examinations. The primary outcome was the patients’ acceptance of re-examination assessed by visual analogue scale. We also assessed pain levels, vital signs, midazolam use, xylocaine use, and adverse events. Univariate analyses were performed using Fisher’s exact test for categorical data, and the t-test or Mann-Whitney test were carried out for analysis of numeric data. All P-values were two-sided, and values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results:We analyzed 47 patients in the combination group and 49 patients in the midazolam group. The primary outcome was not significantly different between the two groups (3.82±2.3 versus 4.17±2.75, P=0.400). In the combination group, the visual analog scale score for pain during bronchoscopy was significantly lower (1.10±1.88 versus 2.13±2.42, P=0.022), and the sedation level score per the modified observer’s assessment of alertness/sedation scale was significantly lower (3.49±0.98 versus 3.94±1.03, P=0.031). Maximal systolic blood pressure during testing was significantly lower (162.39±23.45 mmHg versus 178.24±30.24 mmHg, P=0.005), and the number of additional administrations of midazolam was significantly lower (2.06±1.45 versus 2.63±1.35, P=0.049). There were also significantly fewer adverse events (30 versus 41, P=0.036).Conclusions:The combination uses of midazolam and pethidine for sedation resulted in significant improvements in the pain, blood pressure, additional use of midazolam, and safety during bronchoscopy among patients.Trial registration:This study was registered in the University Medical Hospital Information Network in Japan (UMINCTR Registration number: UMIN000032230, Registered: 13/April/2018, https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_his_list.cgi?recptno=R000036694).
A Prediction Model For Sulcus-To-Sulcus Diameter In Myopic Eyes: A 1466-Sample Retrospective Study
Authors: zhu Qiu-Jian , Zhu Wei-Jian , Chen Wen-Jing , Ma Lie , Yuan You
Published: March 2022

Background: To establish and verify the accuracy and reliability of a sulcus-to-sulcus diameter (STS) prediction model.Methods: In this retrospective study, the prediction formula was established with the data from 1466 eyes from 733 subjects from July 2020 to April 2021 and verified with the data from 278 eyes from 139 subjects between May 2021 and June 2021. Each subject was measured with a Pentacam, IOLMaster 700, OPD-Scan III, and ultrasound biomicroscope. The prediction formulas were established with multiple linear regression, and intergroup correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland–Altman tests were used to assess the agreement between the predicted and actual STS.Results: The explanatory variables relevant to the horizontal STS (STSH) were the Pentacam white-to-white diameter (WTWP; standardized partial regression coefficient [β] = 0.330; p < 0.001), the flat K value (β = -0.211; p < 0.001), and the anterior corneal diameter (ACD) (β = 0.178; p < 0.001). The corresponding multiple regression equation was : STSH (mm) = 8.061 + 0.510 × WTWP - 0.090 × Flat K value + 0.430 × ACD. The explanatory variables relevant to the vertical STS (STSV) were the WTWP (β = 0.435; p < 0.001), the steep K value (β = -0.271; p < 0.001), and the ACD (β = 0.187; p < 0.001). The corresponding multiple regression equation was : STSV (mm) = 8.540 + 0.492 × WTWP - 0.075 × Steep K value + 0.329 × ACD. The bias of the predicted to the actual STSH was -0.021, with 95% limits of agreement (95% LoA) from -0.499 to 0.457. The bias of the predicted to the actual STSV was 0.057, with 95% LoA from -0.462 to 0.575. The ICC was 0.883 between the predicted and actual STSH and 0.859 between the predicted and actual STSV.Conclusions: The Pentacam-measured WTW, the K value and the ACD are important for predicting the STS diameter. The prediction model has good accuracy and reliability.Trial registration: Not applicable