bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChatGPT vs Chatbots Unleashing the Power of Conversational AI
Authors:   Adjunct Professor, Golden Gate University, Ageno School of Business, San Francisco, California, USA, Zohuri Bahman , Mossavar Rahmani Farhang ,   Professor of Finance School of Business and Economics National University, San Diego, California, USA
Published: November 2023

This article explores the distinctions between ChatGPT and chatbots, two prominent technologies in the field of conversational AI. ChatGPT, powered by OpenAI's GPT-3.5 architecture, represents a state-of-the-art natural language processing model that learns from vast text data, enabling it to generate contextually relevant responses. In contrast, chatbots operate within predefined rules and offer structured interactions. The article discusses the strengths and weaknesses of each approach and their respective applications. While ChatGPT excels in natural language understanding and adaptability, chatbots are well-suited for rule-based tasks. The future of conversational AI may involve hybrid systems that combine these strengths. Ethical considerations surrounding bias and privacy in AI conversations are also addressed. Ultimately, the choice between ChatGPT and chatbots depends on specific needs and goals, but both technologies play a pivotal role in shaping the future of human-computer interactions
Navigating the Regulatory Challenges and Economic Viability of Small Modular Nuclear Reactors: A Key to Future Nuclear Power Generation in the USA and Beyond
Authors:   Galaxy Advanced Engineering, Chief Executive Officer, a Consulting Firm, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Zohuri Bahman
Published: November 2023

As the world grapples with the dual challenge of meeting growing energy demands and addressing climate change, small modular nuclear reactors (SMRs) have emerged as a promising solution. SMRs offer the potential for safe, reliable, and scalable nuclear power generation. This article delves into the regulatory hurdles and economic considerations that must be navigated to realize the full potential of SMRs in the United States and worldwide. By examining these challenges, we can better understand how SMRs can contribute to a sustainable and clean energy future
Effect of Light Intensity on Photosynthesis in Aquatic Plants in Australia
Authors: Frankie Darcy
Published: November 2023

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the Effect of Light Intensity on Photosynthesis in Aquatic Plants in Australia.

Methodology: The study adopted a desktop methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library

Findings: In the study examining the impact of light intensity on photosynthesis in Australian aquatic plants, key findings emerged. It was evident that light intensity played a crucial role, with higher light levels in shallower waters leading to increased photosynthesis rates. This underscored the significance of light as a primary determinant of photosynthesis in these ecosystems. Additionally, the study highlighted the impressive adaptability of Australian aquatic plants, some of which employed unique photo protective mechanisms to prevent photo inhibition under varying light conditions.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Theory of Liebig's Law of the Minimum, Theory of The Beer-Lambert Law and Optimal Foraging Theory may be used to anchor future studies on the Effect of Light Intensity on Photosynthesis in Aquatic Plants in Australia. Develop practical guidelines for growers to optimize light conditions for maximum photosynthetic efficiency. Advocate for policies that recognize the significance of aquatic plants in maintaining healthy aquatic ecosystems. Promote the conservation and restoration of natural habitats for aquatic plants, especially in areas threatened by pollution or habitat destruction.
Role of the Human Microbiome in Health and Disease in United Kingdom
Authors: Wesley Amelia
Published: November 2023

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the role of the human microbiome in health and disease in United Kingdom.

Methodology: The study adopted a desktop methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library

Findings: The microbiome influences human health and disease by providing essential functions, such as nutrient metabolism, immune regulation, and protection against pathogens. However, the microbiome can also be disrupted by various factors, such as diet, lifestyle, age, genetics, and infections, leading to dysbiosis and increased risk of diseases. In the United Kingdom, research on the microbiome has been conducted to understand its role in various conditions, such as obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, and mental health. The findings suggest that modulating the microbiome through dietary interventions, probiotics, prebiotics, or fecal microbiota transplantation may offer novel strategies for preventing or treating these diseases.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Microbiome Dysbiosis Theory, Hygiene Hypothesis Theory and Microbiota-Brain-Gut Axis Theory may be used to anchor future studies on role of the human microbiome in health and disease in United Kingdom. Findings can invest in the development of microbiome-based therapeutics, including fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), engineered probiotics, and microbial-derived products. Policymakers should establish a regulatory framework for microbiome-based interventions, ensuring their safety, efficacy, and accessibility.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ДИСТАНЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В УЧЕБНОМ ПРОЦЕССЕ ВУЗА
Authors: Islamgalieva Victoria
Published: November 2023

На современном информационном этапе развития общества цифровые процессы играют важнейшую роль как в жизни отдельного человека, так и в общественной. В образовательной практике становится актуальной проблема организации новых форм образовательного процесса. В связи с этим возрастает потребность в интеграции в образовательный процесс информационно-коммуникационных технологий, с выделением собственно дистанционных технологий с формированием отдельного дистанционного вида образования.
В статье рассматриваются варианты применения дистанционных технологий в образовательном процессе высшего учебного заведения. Так, были раскрыты понятия «дистанционное обучение», «дистанционные образовательные технологии», а также представлены данные о готовности перехода вуза на обучение с применением дистанционных технологий и анализа эффективности такого обучения.
Современного образованного человека окружает огромный поток информации, которая нуждается в постоянной обработке. Многие дисциплины в высшем учебном заведении студенты изучают без прямого контакта с преподавателем, т.е. на самостоятельной основе. В связи с этим современные вузы в достаточной мере оснащены материально-техническими средствами, что позволяет ускорить, а также частично виртуализировать процесс получения знаний. Такие технологии, как обмен информацией с помощью сети Интернет, к примеру, рассылка литературы, изучение теоретических аспектов дисциплин позволяют в кратчайшее время достигнуть поставленных образовательных целей.
ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ИННОВАЦИОННЫХ ПОДХОДОВ ВНЕДРЕНИЯ ВОДЯНЫХ СКВАЖИН ДЛЯ ВОДОСНАБЖЕНИЯ СЕЛЬСКОЙ МЕСТНОСТИ
Authors: Esturlieva Aigul , Zhailaubayeva Zhadra , Utebalieva Dina
Published: November 2023

В настоящее время, на территории Казахстана есть много селений/аулов, пастбищ, которые не имеют собственного колодца и скважины с водой. Государство пытается решать данную проблему путем принятия различных программ по оснащению водой отдаленные населения, такие программы как «Правила по возмещению части расходов, понесенных субъектом агропромышленного комплекса при инвестиционных вложениях «Обводнение пастбищ», утвержденная постановлением Правительства Республики Казахстан от 29 апреля 2014 года № 421 и программой «Питьевая вода», утвержденной постановлением Правительства Республики Казахстан от 23 января 2002 года, которые реализуются на всей территории Казахстана, но несмотря на все эти меры ввиду объективных и субъективных обстоятельств, многие отдаленные районы все еще ждут воду. Это подтверждает значимость исследуемой темы.
Новизной исследуемой темы можно определить, как организацию предпринимательской деятельности связанная с обеспечением пресной воды путем про буривания скважин на частных и внегородских участках для прокладывания водных путей, водоносных станций с инженерными сетями. Выносимые предложения статьи является удешевления при подготовке скважины специальной буровой установки, нежели обычным бурильным механизмом, а также упрощения процесса логистики.
КӘСІБИ ТӘУЕКЕЛДІ БАҒАЛАУ ҮШІН ӨНДІРІСТЕ ЖАРАҚАТ ПЕН ӨЛІМ СТАТИСТИКАСЫН ТАЛДАУ
Authors: Abikenova Sholpan , Sakenov Orken
Published: November 2023

Еңбек қызметіне байланысты жазатайым оқиғалар кезінде қаза тапқандар санын азайту үшін ел өңірлеріндегі жекелеген кәсіпорындардың еңбекті қорғау саласындағы жұмысына қатаң бақылауды күшейту қажет. Өндірістік жарақат еңбек қауіпсіздігі саласындағы шешімді қажет ететін жетекші мәселелердің бірі болып қала береді. Бұл жағдайда өндірістегі жазатайым оқиғалардың табиғатын және оларды жоюдың оңтайлы әдістерін қарастыру мәселесі өзекті. Осы бағытты жетілдіру үшін статистика органдарымен жасақталған жазатайым оқиғалардың статистикалық мәліметтері бойынша 2021 жылы Қазақстан Республикасында 2133 жазатайым оқиға тіркелді. Зардап шеккендердің жалпы санынан әйелдер 18,2% құрады. Мұның өзінде 240 адам топтық жазатайым оқиғалар кезінде, 351 – кәсіптік аурулардан, 47 - улану кезінде зардап шеккен. Жазатайым оқиғаның нәтижесінде 592 адам жабық сынық, 456 - сыртқы жарақат, 246 - шайқалудан болған жарақат және ішкі ағзалардың жарақаты, 124 – ашық сынық, 106 - термикалық күйіктер алды, 71 – ашық жарақат. Дененің неғұрлым әлсіз бөліктері: бас, бастың толып жатқан зақымдары (34 адам); көкірек қуысы (осы жарақаттан 32 адам өлді). 2021 жылы ең көп тараған кәсіптік аурулар: дорсалгия (200 адам); радикулопатия (196 адам); діріл әсері және басқа сыртқы себептері (146 адам). Зардап шеккендердің көпшілігі – бірінші ауысымдағы жұмыс істеген 30 жастан 45 жасқа дейінгі білікті жұмысшылар.
Осы мақалада статистикалық деректер негізінде өндірісте қаза тапқандар мен зардап шеккендер бойынша, сондай-ақ Қазақстан Республикасы экономикасының салалары бойынша жұмыс істейтіндердің жарақаттану көрсеткіштері талданады, неғұрлым жарақаттану қаупі бар салалар айқындалады.
НАУЧНЫЕ МЕТОДЫ ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЯ В ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ
Authors: Shaidulov Ruslan
Published: November 2023

В статье описаны научные методы прогнозирования экономической детельности, используемые для оценки вероятности будущих событий. Собраны материалы из различных источников о научных методах прогнозирования и обобщены, чтобы дать полное представление о существующем научном знании в этой области. Выведены преимущества и недостатки, сильные и слабые стороны различных научных методов прогнозирования для того, чтобы лучше понять, какой метод может быть наиболее эффективным в конкретной ситуации. Предложены рекомендации по использованию научных методов прогнозирования, обобщены практические рекомендации по использованию научных методов прогнозирования в различных областях, таких как финансы, экономика, маркетинг и т.д.
Важно отметить, что научные методы прогнозирования не являются строго точными и могут содержать ошибки из-за неполноты данных, на которых они основаны, а также из-за сложности самого процесса прогнозирования. Поэтому научные методы прогнозирования следует использовать с учетом этих ограничений и понимания того, что они не являются строго точными. Они служат лишь как ориентир и инструмент для помощи в принятии решений, но не являются гарантией точности и не заменяют самостоятельное размышление и анализ.
Colonial Legacies and (In)security in Africa: A Cameroonian Civil War Perspective
Authors: Ngwang Roger                                              
Published: November 2023

Background: This article systematically analyzes the extent to which British and French colonial legacies influenced the outbreak of the Cameroonian civil war. Drawing on a theoretical argument that associates the likelihood of civil war with the tensions that arise from the challenges of state formation and state-building, this article revisits the process of state formation in Cameroon and argues that the Cameroonian civil war is an artifact of conflicting British and French colonial legacies.

Purpose: This research aimed at examining the link between the British and French colonial legacies and the Cameroonian civil war.

Methodology: This study was desk research. Secondary data sources like journal articles, databases, newspaper articles, blogs, monographs, and other internet materials were consulted. These materials were subjected to content validity before being considered and analyzed qualitatively in the study. Tilly’s warfare theory on modern state formation was used as an explanatory tool to deepen the understanding of the links between war and state formation and to better appreciate the impact of British and French colonial legacies on the processes of state formation and state-building in Cameroon.

Findings: This paper demonstrated that although governance crises heightened tensions between British and French Cameroons, conflicting British and French colonial legacies constitute the root cause of the civil war. Anglophones have been disgruntled with the relatively low rates of investment in the Anglophone regions, political marginalization, the domination of the French language over the English language in official matters nationwide, and the ‘frenchification’ of the Anglo-Saxon education and judicial systems.

Unique Contribution to Practice and Policy: This article suggests that it is necessary for peacebuilders and policy experts to address colonial factors when designing policies aimed at resolving the Cameroonian civil war. Dealing only with governance crises without addressing the colonial roots of the problem runs the risk of relapse to conflict in the future. Also, because the British and French colonial legacies are at the center of the crisis, there is a need for Britain and France to revisit their terms of relations with Cameroon, galvanize global resources, and harmonize efforts to influence and foster the resolution of the conflict.
AFRICA’S SOVEREIGN BOND DEBTS: ALTERNATIVE TO DEAD AID AND CATALYST FOR DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Kivisi Felister Saliku
Published: November 2023

Purpose: The study sought to examine viability of sovereign bond debts, the alternative to foreign aid, which Dambisa Moyo calls ‘Dead Aid’, for financing economic development in Africa.Methodology: The research is a desk research via the qualitative methodology where information was derived from published scholarly works of various authors on the issue of aid, debt and development of African countries.Findings: The study shows that several African countries, such as Angola, Kenya, Zambia, Côte d’Ivoire, Senegal and Gabon have ventured into international capital markets and accessed the sovereign bond debts. Second, these countries’ debts have grown exponentially while most of their economies are still commodity based and have not grown in tandem with the debt. Volatile commodity prices have made it difficult for some of these countries to raise enough resources to service these debts. Some of the debt is now maturing and these countries are now potentially facing debt crises akin to what they went through in the 1990s.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Since 2006, many African countries have issued debt in the international bond markets but are now faced with prospects of default and accumulation of excessive debts. This has the potential of wiping out the gains achieved under the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) and Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI), which sought to reduce debt levels for the beneficiaries of these initiatives. Accessing international bond markets is not a panacea for Africa’s development problems. Indeed it seems to compound the African Sovereigns’ problems by creating conditions for future debt distress. Deliberate policy decisions and efforts are required in managing the risks that come with these kinds of debt.
The Efficacy of the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) Program in Mitigating Pediatric HIV/AIDS Incidence in the Mansa District, Zambia
Authors: Chisanga Arthur , Daka Steven , Simbeye Tinkler Saul , Kachinda Wezi , Chirwa Emmanuel , Chisanga Edward
Published: November 2023

This qualitative study was set out to intricately explore the landscape of the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) program in the Mansa district in order to shed light on its multifaceted nature. Key informants, pivotal to the program, offered invaluable insights into its fundamental components, recent progress, encountered challenges, and proposed improvements. The study emphasized the paramount importance of early detection and timely intervention in preventing HIV transmission from mother to child. The study highlighted key areas of focus within the PMTCT program, as elucidated by informants, emphasizing the central role of antenatal care, HIV testing and counseling, provision of antiretroviral therapy (ART), and vigilant postnatal follow-up. Together, these elements constituted a comprehensive strategy for safeguarding maternal and child well-being, with a strong emphasis on early identification and effective intervention. Recent developments in the program portrayed an evolving landscape, including enhancements such as improved access to rapid testing, the integration of maternal and child health services, expanded community outreach efforts, and initiatives aimed at enhancing community awareness. These innovations underscored the program’s adaptability and unwavering commitment to extending its reach. However, the challenges that impeded the reduction of mother-to-child HIV transmission were deeply rooted and multifaceted, encompassing issues such as stigma, inadequacies in healthcare infrastructure, medication adherence challenges, geographic barriers, personnel shortages, and logistical complexities. In response to these challenges, key informants put forth practical recommendations to strengthen the PMTCT program. These recommendations included broader community awareness and education efforts, the fortification of peer support networks, increased allocation of resources for transportation, and continuous training and sensitization programs for healthcare providers. These measures were deemed vital for enhancing program effectiveness and improving the health outcomes of mothers and infants in the Mansa district.
Examining The Effect of Pre-processed Covid-19 Images On Classification Performance Using Deep Learning Method
Authors: AVUÇLU Emre
Published: November 2023

In recent years, researchers have been using different artificial intelligence models to process x-ray images and make a determination about the patient's condition. Pre-processing is applied to medical images by many researchers. In this way, researchers know that the results they will obtain will be better and that their study results will be more accepted in the literature. As with all other medical images, pre-processing of Covid-19 images is generally done to obtain better classification results. In this study, some pre-processing was done with Covid-19 images. Experimental studies were performed using the ResNet18 deep learning model. According to experimental studies carried out on non pre-processed images, an average accuracy of 0.85206% was obtained in the test processes, while an accuracy rate of 0.93086% was obtained in the test processes obtained from pre-processed images. It was observed that better results were obtained by processing pre-processed images with the same model.
Natural-climatic characterisation of the altitude-belt structure of Caucasus landscapes by A. K. Tembotov
Authors:   Institute of Ecology of Mountain Territories A. K. Tembotov’s Russian Academy of Sciences, Pshegusov R. H. , Chadaeva V. A. ,   Institute of Ecology of Mountain Territories A. K. Tembotov’s Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2023

The paper presents the climatic and orographic modelling of basic units of the altitude-belt structure of Caucasus landscapes by A. K. Tembotov, obtained using the global databases WorldClim and ENVIREM (ENVIronmental Rasters for Ecological Modeling). The basis for climate typification of latitudinal zones and belt variants was the Keppen-Geiger climate classification scheme. The build model corresponds to the natural-climatic characteristics of the basic units of the altitude-belt structure, established by ground observations and stationary meteorological stations. The model allows characterising abiotic conditions and patterns of spatial distribution of biological objects depending on the altitudinal-sectoral heterogeneity of landscapes in the Caucasus.
Ethnoecology: experience in the reconstruction of cultural heritage
Authors:   Adygean Republican Institute of Humanitarian Research named after T. M. Kerashev, Shaov A. A.
Published: November 2023

This article attempts to conceptualize the ethno-cultural identity of Adygs through the prism of ecological ethno-existence. Global processes are developing so rapidly and with such complexity that they pose difficult questions to traditional culture: “Who are we in the conditions of the new reality? “Through what symbols does Adyghe traditional culture speak to us today? “What does it mean to be an Adyghe in the modern world?”. Today we are witnessing a turning point, which threatens to turn into an ethno-cultural catastrophe. The limit to the basic principles of Adyghe culture – Trust and Devotion – has been exhausted, we no longer judge ourselves on their behalf. We do not possess universal consent and this situation of fragmentation does not present an opportunity to keep the Adyghe world in integral unity. Historically, it is the ethno-ideological system Adygstvo that has acted as the ethno-forming beginning of the Adyghe ethnos. To what extent the ethno-cultural normative system – Adygstvo – is able to respond today to the main challenges of modernity.
К ВОПРОСУ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ КОМПЕТЕНЦИИ ОРГАНОВ МЕСТНОГО САМОУПРАВЛЕНИЯ : ОБЗОР ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА КЫРГЫЗСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ
Authors: Б. Д. Рысмендеев
Published: November 2023

"Настоящее исследование посвящено проблемам компетенции органов местного самоуправления, которое на сегодня представляется наиболее актуальным вопросом в развитии государства. Целью данной работы является исследование вопросов обеспечения финансово-экономической самостоятельности местного самоуправления в Кыргызской Республике для последующего выявления проблем и недостатков теоретико-правового анализа и практического воплощения действующих норм законодательства Кыргызской Республики в процессе правоприменения. В данной статье для исследования поставленных проблем, применены следуюшие методы исследования – общенаучные и частнонаучные методы познания общественных процессов и социально-правовых явлений, в частности: диалектического, исторического, системно-структурного, логического, сравнительного, формально-правового, функционального и др. Научная новизна данной статьи состоит в том, что она, по существу, является важным комплексным исследованием, в котором на основе обобщения практики правового регулирования финансово-экономической сферы местного самоуправления осуществляется комплексный анализ проводимой реформы организации местного самоуправления в Кыргызской Республики, оцениваются новые подходы к совершенствованию правового механизма обеспечения финансово-экономической самостоятельности муниципальных образований и вносятся предложения об уточнении отдельных положений законодательных актов и направления дальнейшего совершенствования законодательства в этой сфере. Практическая значимость данной статьи заключается в том, что полученные в ходе исследования результаты могут быть использованы в качестве материала для дальнейших научных исследований по теме исследования. Полученные в ходе исследования выводы и сформулированные на их основе практические предложения могут служить для формирования научно-обоснованных подходов при разработке законодательных и иных нормативных-правовых актов, регулирующих финансово-экономическую деятельность муниципальных образований, а также могут быть использованы в преподавании курса конституционного, муниципального, административного и финансового права. Ключевые слова: местное самоуправление, органы местного самоуправления, финансово-экономическая самостоятельность, местный бюджет, муниципальная собственность, органы государственной власти, налоги. "
Evolution of pollen grain morphology in Amorimia and allies evidences the importance of palynological apomorphies and homoplasies in Malpighiaceae systematics
Authors: da Silva Carolina Prandi , de Almeida Rafael Felipe , Bellonzi Talita Kely , Gasparino Eduardo Custódio
Published: November 2023

Background and aims – Pollen grain morphology is an important morphological character for aiding the systematics of flowering plants. For Malpighiaceae, only a single unpublished palynological study has comprehensively sampled ca 60 of this family’s 75 currently accepted genera. To test the systematic relevance of pollen morphology in Amorimia and allies, we characterised the pollen morphology of these lineages. We scored, coded, and mapped 12 characters onto the most recent molecular phylogeny of Amorimia and allies.

Material and methods – We sampled 13 species of Amorimia as ingroup and two species of Mascagnia and Ectopopterys soejartoi as outgroup. Pollen grains were acetolised, characterised, and measured using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen quantitative measurements were submitted to a PCA multivariate analysis. Additionally, quantitative and qualitative characters were scored and coded into 12 characters and mapped onto the molecular phylogeny of Amorimia and allies.

Key results – Amorimia and allies are stenopalynous due to all species showing the same pollen type, with some subtle differences between the pollen grains, such as details of ornamentation, shape, size, and thickness of the pollen exine. However, the patterns of pollen grain evolution showed that few qualitative and apomorphic characters are informative for intrageneric distinction (i.e. type and number of apertures), and almost all quantitative and homoplastic characters analysed were informative at infrageneric levels within Malpighiaceae.

Conclusion – Our results demonstrate that even though the pollen morphology characters of Amorimia and allies show subtle variation, both qualitative and quantitative apomorphic and/or homoplastic characters are highly informative for intra- and infrageneric levels in Malpighiaceae when analysed in a phylogenetic context.
La digitalización y el empleo frente al fenómeno de la despoblación: especial referencia al binomio personas mayores y alfabetización digital
Authors: Montes Adalid Gloria María
Published: November 2023

El éxodo rural en España ha generado un desequilibrio demográfico y un proceso de despoblación agudizado en la España interior, junto con un acentuado envejecimiento de la población concentrado en pequeños municipios rurales. Simultáneamente al fenómeno de la despoblación y el envejecimiento, se ha desarrollado la transformación digital, necesaria para el futuro de cualquier sector. Esta, profundamente afectada por la pandemia de la COVID, ha supuesto la aparición del teletrabajo, que puede representar una nueva oportunidad para la cohesión territorial y la lucha contra la despoblación, ya que el empleo es un factor clave en la distribución de la población en el territorio.
Sin embargo, a raíz de estas circunstancias, se han generado nuevas discriminaciones o brechas sociales y territoriales. Por este motivo, este texto aborda la situación de los derechos digitales en los entornos rurales, centrándose en la brecha digital rural y la relación entre las personas mayores y la importancia de la alfabetización digital.
‘The inclusive way’ hackathon – inclusive wayfinding and pedagogy
Authors: Moys Jeanne-Louise , Hwang Faustina , Marsili Ugo , Nunes Richard , Tagg Adrian , Vasilikou Carolina
Published: November 2023

This paper discusses the opportunities and challenges for learning about and building skills for inclusive practice through a two-day, multidisciplinary, collaborative hackathon. ‘The inclusive way’ brought together students and staff from different disciplines and study levels, people with disabilities and industry professionals. Working on-site, project teams explored an inclusive wayfinding brief, developing and appraising prototypes for inclusive practice in response to the physical site and its immediate surroundings. This presentation reflects on the hackathon as a pedagogic approach, highlighting its potential and limitations for communication and information design education in the 21st century.
Contribuições do Design da Informação na visualização de dados de uma pesquisa sobre letreiramentos populares
Authors: Ardisson Bento Amanda , Antônio Silva Sérgio , Pedruzzi Fonseca Letícia
Published: November 2023

No design gráfico brasileiro, há um movimento que procura valorizar manifestações da gráfica popular na busca de uma identidade local. Um exemplo são os letreiramentos populares produzidos por pintores de letras e encontrados em diversas cidades do país. No sentido de valorizá-los, realizou-se uma pesquisa que investigou essa produção na Grande Vitória (ES), buscando reconhecer traços e estilos a fim de afirmar sua gráfica local. Foram adaptados procedimentos metodológicos no campo dos estudos em história do design que possibilitaram a coleta, catalogação e análise dos aspectos formais e estilos das letras, bem como a investigação de técnicas e métodos de trabalho de seus atores. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar tais adaptações no percurso metodológico e como foram utilizados procedimentos do Design da Informação para visualização dos dados da pesquisa. Com os resultados gerados, identificou-se os principais aspectos dos letreiramentos populares em relação a questões tecnológicas, sociais e culturais, proporcionando discussões que promovem a memória gráfica capixaba e brasileira.
Campaña electoral en el 2021
Authors: Aguilar Luis Eduardo
Published: November 2023

No hay resúmenes disponibles.
Proceso, Año 2, No. 32, 2021: 8-10.
Validation of Machine Learning Prediction Models
Authors: Pronzato Luc , Rendas Maria-João
Published: November 2023

We address the estimation of the Integrated Squared Error (ISE) of a predictor $\eta (x)$ of an unknown function f learned using data acquired on a given design ${\mathbf{X}_{n}}$. We consider ISE estimators that are weighted averages of the residuals of the predictor $\eta (x)$ on a set of selected points ${\mathbf{Z}_{m}}$. We show that, under a stochastic model for f, minimisation of the mean squared error of these ISE estimators is equivalent to minimisation of a Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) for a non-stationary kernel that is adapted to the geometry of ${\mathbf{X}_{n}}$. Sequential Bayesian quadrature then yields sequences of nested validation designs that minimise, at each step of the construction, the relevant MMD. The optimal ISE estimate can be written in terms of the integral of a linear reconstruction, for the assumed model, of the square of the interpolator residuals over the domain of f. We present an extensive set of numerical experiments which demonstrate the good performance and robustness of the proposed solution. Moreover, we show that the validation designs obtained are space-filling continuations of ${\mathbf{X}_{n}}$, and that correct weighting of the observed interpolator residuals is more important than the precise configuration ${\mathbf{Z}_{m}}$ of the points at which they are observed.
Non-Hodgkin's Malignant Lymphomas of the Palatine Tonsils: A Case Report
Authors: Hafi Z. El , Abdallahi W. Sidielmoctar , K. Hjaouj  , R. Bencheikh  , M.A. Benbouzid  , A. Oujilal  , N. Cherradi  , Ouazzani H. EL , L. Essakalli
Published: November 2023

The palatine tonsils are the first extra-nodal localization of cervicofacial non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas. It is a rare localization and most often a type B lymphoma. This case highlights the difficulty of making an early diagnosis, given the non-specificity of clinical and paraclinical signs, and the fact that only anatomopathological examination can confirm the diagnosis. Chemotherapy is the only treatment for chemo sensitive forms of the disease. Prognosis is generally good, depending on sensitivity to treatment and stage of disease.
A systematic scoping review of microbial pathogens in ruminants with or without a history of abortions in Nigeria
Authors: Akinyemi Kabiru O. , Ajoseh Samuel O. , Anjorin Abdul-Azeez , Salami Wasiu O. , Lawal Aminat O. , Bassiouny Marwa , Neubauer Heinrich , Wareth Gamal
Published: November 2023

Abortifacient pathogens such as bacterial [Brucella spp., Listeria spp., Leptospira interrogans ser., Coxiella burnetii, Campylobacter spp., Anaplasma spp., Chlamydia spp.], mycotic [Aspergillus spp. and Candida spp.], protozoan [Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora spp.], and viral [Blue tongue virus (BTV), Schmallenberg virus (SBV), Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV)] pathogens are challenges for the productive and reproductive performance of ruminants (cattle, sheep, and goats) globally. No comprehensive report on epidemiology, associated risk factors, or economic burden of these infectious pathogens is available for Nigeria. This review estimated the distribution and burden of abortive pathogens in ruminants in Nigeria for the last twenty-two years (2000-2022). Research articles reporting the detection of any of the above-mentioned abortive pathogens in ready-to-slaughter ruminants (RTSR), sick ruminants (SR), and ruminants with abortive history (RWAH) in Nigeria were accessed using different repositories, including Google Scholar, Proquest, PubMed, ResearchGate and Scopus to determine the prevalence, spatial distribution, and associated risk factors. From a total of 140 articles selected for this review, eight bacterial, four viral, two parasitic, and two mycotic infectious agents were reported for Nigeria. This study reveals a prevalence of 28.2% viral agents, 14.43% bacterial pathogens, 14.24% protozoans, and 28.1% fungal agents in the reported tested samples. Brucellosis was the most often reported among bacterial diseases, followed by leptospirosis and listeriosis. PPRV infection was the most common viral disease, followed by BTV. Additionally, two parasitic diseases, neosporosis and toxoplasmosis, and two mycotic diseases, aspergillosis and candidiasis, were reported. In this study, stillbirth and abortion were recorded in 49.2% of sheep with PPRV, 58.95% in goats with Chlamydophila abortus and PPRV, and 6.4% in cattle with Brucella abortus and Histophilus somni infections. Lack of vaccines, open markets, and extensive husbandry systems were among the risk factors associated with different abortive pathogens. This study is a useful tool for researchers and government officers in risk assessment and management of livestock to improve livestock production in Nigeria
Regional Factors Influencing Bilateral Trade Between Kenya and South Africa
Authors: Njeru Stalin Mwenda , Okoth Pontian Godfrey , Kimokoti Sussy Namaemba
Published: November 2023

Trade in the modern world has evolved due to the liberalization and integration of the world into one unit. This has led to the practice of trade in multilateral, regional, and bilateral frameworks where states advance their diplomatic interests through negotiations, networking, regulations, and participation. Foreign trade is influenced by key regional factors like comparative advantage, level of investment, and domestic absorption rate. The study investigated the regional factors influencing bilateral trade between Kenya and South Africa, which are among the top economies in Africa and control a significant GDP within their regional trading blocs. The two nations enjoy trade under various global and regional arrangements like the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), the African Union (AU), and the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). Trade between Kenya and South Africa has been uneven for the last three decades, with South Africa reaping more from exports compared to Kenya. The objective of the study was to examine the regional factors influencing bilateral trade between Kenya and South Africa. The significance of the study was to add to the knowledge pool and guide policy formulation between the two states. The study focused on the nexus between regional factors and economic diplomacy between the two states from 1994 to 2023. The standard theory and Keynesian theory were used to inform the conceptual foundation for the study. The study adopted purposive sampling and simple random sampling techniques to draw a sample size of 333 participants from the study area (Republic of Kenya and South Africa High Commission in Kenya). Primary data from interviews and questionnaires and secondary data from internet materials, journal articles, and books were adopted. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, and results were presented thematically and through verbatim quotations. The findings were presented via frequency distribution tables and percentages. The study established that comparative advantage, level of investment, and domestic absorption rate were the key regional factors affecting bilateral trade between Kenya and South Africa. The study found that South Africa has a higher competitive advantage in international trade over Kenya, characterized by a low influence of comparative advantage, a low level of investment, and a high domestic consumption rate. The study recommended that Kenya place emphasis on addressing the key regional factors by leveraging endowment factors, establishing laws to attract more FDI, and increasing technical training to improve production and ensure surpluses for export.
School Budget Development and Financial Accountability of Public Secondary Schools in Khwisero Sub County, Kenya
Authors: Musungu Inganga Daniel Gideon , Oseno Ben , Rutto Reuben
Published: November 2023

The Teachers Service Commission (TSC) raised concern about the misuse of funds in public secondary schools, warned principals in charge, and even indicated the interdiction of principals with financial anomalies. In Turkana South, the audit questioned the use of Kenya Shillings 29 million to buy three school buses, failing the school budget implementation plans. There were no logbooks for the said vehicles. According to audit reports on public secondary schools, financial statement anomalies have been reported in a number of schools in Khwisero Sub County. The school audit report indicated that some school managers had hidden fees that were not in line with the ones recommended by the government. The study objective was to assess the effect of school budget development on the financial accountability of public secondary schools in Khwisero Sub County. The study was guided by budget theory. The causal research design examined the cause-and-effect relationship between school budget development and financial accountability. A census survey was adopted in 25 public schools. Two respondents’ school bursar/accounts clerk and school principal were used for the study. This constituted 50 respondents. Data collection was aided by questionnaires and presented using tables. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted. The study found that school budget development had a beta value of 0.309 and a coefficient correlation of 0.890. The correlation R between the mean of school budget development and the mean of financial accountability had a beta term of β = 0.827, P = 0.000. This implies that statistically, budget development was significantly positive. The study recommends that public secondary schools should align budget-making with government policies and school demands. Furthermore, stakeholders such as parents and the school board should be involved in budget formulation.
Technical note: Gas-phase nitrate radical generation via irradiation of aerated ceric ammonium nitrate mixtures
Authors: Lambe Andrew T. , Bai Bin , Takeuchi Masayuki , Orwat Nicole , Zimmerman Paul M. , Alton Mitchell W. , Ng Nga L. , Freedman Andrew , Claflin Megan S. , Gentner Drew R. , Worsnop Douglas R. , Liu Pengfei
Published: November 2023

Abstract. We present a novel photolytic source of gas-phase NO3 suitable for use in atmospheric chemistry studies that has several advantages over traditional sources that utilize NO2 + O3 reactions and/or thermal dissociation of dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5). The method generates NO3 via irradiation of aerated aqueous solutions of ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN, (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6) and nitric acid (HNO3) or sodium nitrate (NaNO3). We present experimental and model characterization of the NO3 formation potential of irradiated CAN / HNO3 and CAN / NaNO3 mixtures containing [CAN] = 10−3 to 1.0 M, [HNO3] = 1.0 to 6.0 M, [NaNO3] = 1.0 to 4.8 M, photon fluxes (I) ranging from 6.9 × 1014 to 1.0 × 1016 photons cm−2 s−1, and irradiation wavelengths ranging from 254 to 421 nm. NO3 mixing ratios ranging from parts per billion to parts per million by volume were achieved using this method. At the CAN solubility limit, maximum [NO3] was achieved using [HNO3] ≈ 3.0 to 6.0 M and UVA radiation (λmax⁡ = 369 nm) in CAN / HNO3 mixtures or [NaNO3] ≥ 1.0 M and UVC radiation (λmax⁡ = 254 nm) in CAN / NaNO3 mixtures. Other reactive nitrogen (NO2, N2O4, N2O5, N2O6, HNO2, HNO3, HNO4) and reactive oxygen (HO2, H2O2) species obtained from the irradiation of ceric nitrate mixtures were measured using a NOx analyzer and an iodide-adduct high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-CIMS). To assess the applicability of the method for studies of NO3-initiated oxidative aging processes, we generated and measured the chemical composition of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from the β-pinene + NO3 reaction using a Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols (FIGAERO) coupled to the HR-ToF-CIMS.
Impact analysis of processing strategies for long-term GPS zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD)
Authors: Bai Jingna , Lou Yidong , Zhang Weixing , Zhou Yaozong , Zhang Zhenyi , Shi Chuang , Liu Jingnan
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Homogenized atmospheric water vapour data are an important prerequisite for climate analysis. Compared with other techniques, GPS has an inherent homogeneity advantage, but it still requires reprocessing and homogenization to eliminate impacts of applied strategy and observation environmental changes where a selection of proper processing strategies is critical. This paper comprehensively investigates the influence of the mapping function, the elevation cut-off angle and homogenization on long-term reprocessing results, in particular for zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) products, using GPS observations at 44 IGS (International GNSS Service) stations during 1995 to 2014. In the analysis, for the first time, we included the mapping function (the latest Vienna mapping function, VMF3) and exploited homogenized radiosonde data as a reference for ZTD trend evaluations. Our analysis shows that both site position and ZTD solutions achieved the best accuracy when using VMF3 and the 3∘ elevation cut-off angle. Regarding the long-term ZTD trends, homogenization reduced the trend inconsistency among different elevation cut-off angles. ZTD trend results show that the impact of mapping functions is very small, with a maximum difference of 0.19 mm yr−1. On the other hand, the discrepancy can reach 0.60 mm yr−1 using different elevation cut-off angles. Low-elevation cut-off angles (3∘ or 7∘) are suggested for the best estimates of ZTD reprocessing time series when compared to homogenized radiosonde data or ERA5 reference time series.
The benefits and trade-offs of multi-variable calibration of WGHM in the Ganges and Brahmaputra basins
Authors: Hasan H. M. Mehedi , Döll Petra , Hosseini-Moghari Seyed-Mohammad , Papa Fabrice , Güntner Andreas
Published: November 2023

Abstract. While global hydrological models (GHMs) are affected by large uncertainties regarding model structure, forcing and calibration data, and parameters, observations of model output variables are rarely used to calibrate the model. Pareto dominance-based multi-objective calibration, often referred to as Pareto-Optimal Calibration (POC), may serve to estimate model parameter sets and analyse trade-offs among different objectives during calibration. Within a POC framework, we determined optimal parameter sets for the WaterGAP Global Hydrology Model (WGHM) in the two largest basins of the Indian subcontinent—the Ganges and the Brahmaputra, collectively supporting nearly 580 million inhabitants. The selected model parameters, determined through a multi-variable multi-signature sensitivity analysis, were estimated using up to four types of observations: in-situ streamflow (Q), GRACE and GRACE Follow-On total water storage anomalies (TWSA), LandFlux evapotranspiration (ET), and surface water storage anomalies (SWSA) derived from multi-satellite observations. While our sensitivity analysis assured that the model parameters that are most influential for the four variables were identified in a transparent and comprehensive way, the rather large number of calibration parameters, 10 for the Ganges and 16 for the Brahmaputra, had a negative impact on parameter identifiability during the calibration process. Calibration against observed Q resulted to be crucial for reasonable streamflow simulations, while additional calibration against TWSA was crucial for the Ganges basin and helpful for the Brahmaputra basin to obtain a reasonable simulation of both Q and T.  Calibrating also against the other two observation types enhanced the overall model performance and enabled a more accurate representation of the water balance.  We identified several trade-offs among the calibration objectives, with the nature of these trade-offs closely tied to the physiographic and hydrologic characteristics of the study basins.  The trade-offs were particularly pronounced in the Ganges basin, in particular between Q and SWSA, as well as between Q and ET. When considering the observational uncertainty of the calibration data, model performance decreases in most cases. This indicates an overfitting to the singular observation time series by the calibration algorithm. We therefore propose a transparent algorithm to identify high-performing Pareto solutions under consideration of observational uncertainties of the calibration data. Recognizing these uncertainties, we anticipate that actual model performance may be lower in roughly 90 % of cases.