bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaporation of liquid nanofilms: A minireview
Authors: Zhang Kaixuan , Fang Wei , Lv Cunjing , Feng Xi-Qiao
Published: February 2022

Evaporation of virus-loaded droplets and liquid nanofilms plays a significant role in the pandemic of COVID-19. The evaporation mechanism of liquid nanofilms has attracted much attention in recent decades. In this minireview, we first introduce the relationship between the evaporation process of liquid nanofilms and the pandemic of COVID-19. Then, we briefly provide the frontiers of liquid droplet/nanofilm evaporation on solid surfaces. In addition, we discuss the potential application of machine learning in liquid nanofilm evaporation studies, which is expected to be helpful to build up a more accurate molecular model and to investigate the evaporation mechanism of liquid nanofilms on solid surfaces.
Electronic and magnetic properties of epitaxial thin film of Nd0.5Ba0.5MnO3
Authors: Kumar Siddharth , Ojha Shashank Kumar , Patel Ranjan Kumar , Mandal Prithwijit , Bhattacharya Nandana , Middey S.
Published: February 2022

Contradictory reports about the electronic and magnetic behavior of bulk Nd0.5Ba0.5MnO3 with uniform disorder exist in the literature. In this work, we investigated single crystalline, A-site disordered thin films of Nd0.5Ba0.5MnO3, grown on the SrTiO3 substrate by pulsed laser deposition. The epitaxial growth of these films in the layer-by-layer fashion has been confirmed by in situ reflection high energy electron diffraction, atomic force microscopy, x-ray reflectivity, and x-ray diffraction measurements. Interestingly, these films are found to be electrically insulating and exhibit spin-glass behavior at low temperatures. This offers a distinct approach to study Ba based half-doped manganites and an opportunity to further manipulate competing charge/orbital ordering and ferromagnetism in such systems, through heterostructure engineering.
Dynamically disordered hydrogen bonds in the hureaulite-type phosphatic oxyhydroxide Mn5[(PO4)2(PO3(OH))2](HOH)4
Authors: Hartl A. , Jurányi F. , Krack M. , Lunkenheimer P. , Schulz A. , Sheptyakov D. , Paulmann C. , Appel M. , Park S.-H.
Published: February 2022

We report the temperature evolution of hydrogen bond (HB) chains and rings in Mn5[(PO4)2(PO3(OH))2](HOH)4 to reveal conduction pathways based on difference Fourier maps with neutron- and synchrotron x-ray diffraction data. Localized proton dynamics for the five distinct hydrogen sites were observed and identified in this study. Their temperature evaluation over ten orders of magnitude in time was followed by means of quasielastic neutron scattering, dielectric spectroscopy, and ab initio molecular dynamics. Two out of the five hydrogen sites are geometrically isolated and are not suitable for long-range proton conduction. Nevertheless, the detected dc conductivity points to long-range charge transport at elevated temperatures, which occurs most likely (1) over H4–H4 sites between semihelical HB chains (interchain-exchanges) and (2) by rotations of O1–H1 and site-exchanging H4–O10–O5 groups along each semihelical HB chain (intrachain-exchanges). The latter dynamics freeze into a proton-glass state at low temperatures. Rotational and site-exchanging motions of HOH and OH ligands seem to be facilitated by collective motions of framework polyhedra, which we detected by inelastic neutron scattering.
Stochastic microbiome assembly depends on context
Authors: Jones Eric W. , Carlson Jean M. , Sivak David A. , Ludington William B.
Published: February 2022

Significance

Individuals are constantly exposed to microbial organisms that may or may not colonize their gut microbiome, and newborn individuals assemble their microbiomes through a number of these acquisition events. Since microbiome composition has been shown to influence host physiology, a mechanistic understanding of community assembly has potentially therapeutic applications. In this paper we study microbiome acquisition in a highly controlled setting using germ-free fruit flies inoculated with specific bacterial species at known abundances. Our approach revealed that acquisition events are stochastic, and the colonization odds of different species in different contexts encode ecological information about interactions. These findings have consequences for microbiome-based therapies like fecal microbiota transplantation that attempt to modify a person’s gut microbiome by deliberately introducing foreign microbes.
Munc13 structural transitions and oligomers that may choreograph successive stages in vesicle priming for neurotransmitter release
Authors: Grushin Kirill , Kalyana Sundaram R. Venkat , Sindelar Charles V. , Rothman James E.
Published: February 2022

Significance

The speed of neural information processing in the human central nervous system is ultimately determined by the speed of chemical transmission at synapses, because action potentials have relatively short distances to traverse. The release of synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters must therefore be remarkably fast as compared to other forms of membrane fusion. Six separate SNARE complexes cooperate to achieve this. But how can exactly six copies be assembled under every vesicle? Here we report that six copies of the key molecular chaperone that assembles the SNAREs can arrange themselves into a closed hexagon, providing the likely answer.
A VDAC1-mediated NEET protein chain transfers [2Fe-2S] clusters between the mitochondria and the cytosol and impacts mitochondrial dynamics
Authors: Karmi Ola , Marjault Henri-Baptiste , Bai Fang , Roy Susmita , Sohn Yang-Sung , Darash Yahana Merav , Morcos Faruck , Ioannidis Konstantinos , Nahmias Yaakov , Jennings Patricia A. , Mittler Ron , Onuchic José N. , Nechushtai Rachel
Published: February 2022

Significance

Here we address the important question of cross-talk between the mitochondria and cytosol. We show that the inner mitochondrial protein, MiNT, interacts with a protein on the outer mitochondrial membrane (mNT). This interaction occurs within the major outer membrane protein VDAC1. Inside the inner space of VDAC1, MiNT transfers its [2Fe-2S] clusters to mNT, which was shown to be a [2Fe-2S] cluster donor protein that donates its cluster(s) to apo-acceptor proteins residing in the cytosol. Hence, we suggest a pathway for transferring [2Fe-2S] clusters from inside the mitochondria to the cytosol.
Functional network topography of the medial entorhinal cortex
Authors: Obenhaus Horst A. , Zong Weijian , Jacobsen R. Irene , Rose Tobias , Donato Flavio , Chen Liangyi , Cheng Heping , Bonhoeffer Tobias , Moser May-Britt , Moser Edvard I.
Published: February 2022

Significance

The investigation of the topographic organization of spatially coding cell types in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) has so far been held back by the lack of appropriate tools that enable the precise recording of both the anatomical location and activity of large populations of cells while animals forage in open environments. In this study, we use the newest generation of head-mounted, miniaturized two-photon microscopes to image grid, head-direction, border, as well as object-vector cells in MEC and neighboring parasubiculum within the same animals. The majority of cell types were intermingled, but grid and object-vector cells exhibited little overlap. The results have implications for network models of spatial coding.
Towards a taxonomy of arguments for and against street renaming
Authors: Buchstaller Isabelle , Schneider Carolin , Alvanides Seraphim
Published: February 2022

In 2016, a special issue of the Linguistic Landscapes: An International Journal explored the nexus between LL and collective memory studies, calling for more research at the interface of these disciplines. Our analysis adds to recent studies by exploring the ways in which commemorative street renaming processes are discursively embedded. We build on research on memorialisation as well as critical toponymy to analyse media discourses that accompany, support or contest commemorative naming practices in the urban streetscape of a large East German city during the last century. Based on this dataset, we develop a typology of arguments against or in favour of street renaming. The longitudinal analysis of discourses in the local press vis-à-vis ongoing resemioticisation reveals a complex relationship between lived political history, freedom of the press, the type of argument and the stances encoded therein.
Inflation and the cosmological (not-so) constant in unimodular gravity
Authors: León Gabriel
Published: February 2022

We propose a mechanism for generating an inflationary phase in the early universe without resorting to any type of scalar field(s). Instead, this accelerated expansion is driven by a dynamical ‘cosmological constant (CC)’ in the framework of unimodular gravity (UG). The time dependent CC can be related to an energy diffusion term that arises naturally in UG due to its restrictive diffeomorphism invariance. We derive the generic conditions required for any type of diffusion to generate a realistic inflationary epoch. Furthermore, for a given parameterization of inflation (in terms of the Hubble flow functions), we show how to construct the corresponding diffusion term in such a way that a smooth transition occurs between inflation and the subsequent radiation dominated era, hence reheating proceeds naturally. The primordial spectrum is obtained during the inflationary phase by considering inhomogeneous perturbations associated to standard hydrodynamical matter (modeled as a single ultra-relativistic fluid). We demonstrate that the resulting spectrum is equivalent to that obtained in traditional inflationary models, and is also independent of the particular form of the diffusion term. In addition, we analyze the feasibility of identifying the variable CC, responsible for the inflationary expansion, with the current observed value.
Mortality and cancer incidence 1952-2017 in United Kingdom participants in the United Kingdom’s atmospheric nuclear weapon tests and experimental programmes
Authors: Gillies Michael , Haylock Richard
Published: February 2022

This article has been temporarily removed for data protection reasons.
Short-range organization and photophysical properties of CdSe quantum dots coupled with aryleneethynylenes
Authors: Theurer Christoph P , Weber Antonia , Richter Martin , Bender Markus , Michel Patrick , Rana Debkumar , Kumar Krishan , Bunz Uwe , Scheele Marcus , Tegeder Petra , Schreiber Frank , Broch Katharina
Published: February 2022

Hybrid organic–inorganic nanomaterials composed of organic semiconductors and inorganic quantum dots (QDs) are promising candidates for opto-electronic devices in a sustainable internet of things. Especially their ability to combine the advantages of both compounds in one material with new functionality, the energy-efficient production possibility and the applicability in thin films with little resource consumption are key benefits of these materials. However, a major challenge one is facing for these hybrid materials is the lack of a detailed understanding of the organic–inorganic interface which hampers the widespread application in devices. We advance the understanding of this interface by studying the short-range organization and binding motif of aryleneethynylenes coupled to CdSe QDs as an example system with various experimental methods. Clear evidence for an incorporation of the organic ligands in between the inorganic QDs is found, and polarization-modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy is shown to be a powerful technique to directly detect the binding in such hybrid thin-film systems. A monodentate binding and a connection of neighboring QDs by the aryleneethynylene molecules is identified. Using steady-state and time resolved spectroscopy, we further investigated the photophysics of these hybrid systems. Different passivation capabilities resulting in different decay dynamics of the QDs turned out to be the main influence of the ligands on the photophysics.
Germanium thin film manufacturing using covalent bonding process
Authors: Abadie K , Fournel F , Morales C , Mazen F , Vignoud L , Colonna J-P , Widiez J
Published: February 2022

This article deals with Si/Ge heterostucture manufacturing using covalent bonding, and its application to the layer transfer of a thin germanium film. At first, bow simulations of the heterostructure are discussed, in order to determine the temperature that should be used during bonding. Then, the covalent bonding process used to manufacture the heterostructure is described and characterized. At the end, a layer transfer process and observations of a thin germanium film are presented.
Emergent magnonic singularities in anti parity-time symmetric synthetic antiferromagnets
Authors: Sui Chao-Wei , Yuan Shao-Hua , Wang Xi-Guang , Berakdar Jamal , Jia Chenglong
Published: February 2022

We study the impact of the transition across the anti-parity-time (anti-

PT

) symmetry breaking point on the low-energy spin excitations in a synthetic antiferromagnet (SyAFM) that consists of two magnetic layers coupled antiferromagnetically via the Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida (RKKY) interaction. When varying the interlayer (RKKY) coupling strength a degeneracy point (exceptional point) is reached beyond which the system enters the anti-

PT

symmetry-broken phase. This phase is marked by the emergence of a finite net magnetization and low-lying excitations beyond the Goldstone modes in the anti-

PT

symmetry-preserved phase. For systems hosting an interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction, we find a bound state in the continuum with a maximal coherent superposition of SyAFM excitations without any radiation. Analytical results for linearized models are corroborated with full numerical micromagnetic simulations endorsing the robustness and generalities of the theory predictions.
Single electron in a storage ring: a probe into the fundamental properties of synchrotron radiation and a powerful diagnostic tool
Authors: Lobach I. , Nagaitsev S. , Romanov A. , Stancari G.
Published: February 2022

An experimental study of undulator radiation generated by a
single electron was carried out at the Integrable Optics Test
Accelerator (IOTA) storage ring at Fermilab. Photons were detected
with a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) at an average rate of
20 kHz, corresponding to one detection every few hundred
revolutions. Events were continuously recorded by a picosecond event
timer for as long as 5 minutes at a time. The collected data were
used to directly test the predictions of classical Poisson
photostatistics. The study was motivated in part by a previous
observation of sub-Poissonian statistics in a similar experiment
with synchrotron radiation. In addition, we show that the time
series of recorded events can be used to study the synchrotron
motion of a single electron, yielding dynamical parameters such as
the phase jitter of the radiofrequency cavity and the dependence of
the synchrotron period on amplitude. Research plans for further
experiments are also discussed.
Concept of a fast neutron detector based on 10B-RPCs
Authors: Morozov A. , Margato L.M.S. , Blanco A. , Galaviz D.
Published: February 2022

We propose an alternative approach for the detection of fast
neutrons in the energy range from 10-4 to 5 MeV based on
10B-RPCs (hybrid double-gap Resistive Plate Chambers with
10B4C neutron converters) surrounded by a polyethylene
moderator. The detection efficiency as a function of the neutron
energy is obtained in Monte Carlo simulations performed with the
Geant4 toolkit for several detector configurations. The thickness of
the neutron converter is optimized for the maximum efficiency. The
results show that for this type of detector it is possible to obtain
an average detection efficiency larger than 50% with a weak
dependence on the neutron energy. The dark count rate and gamma
sensitivity are also discussed.
Reconstructing global PM2.5 monitoring dataset from OpenAQ using a two-step spatio-temporal model based on SES-IDW and LSTM
Authors: Tan Siyu , Wang Yuan , Yuan Qiangqiang , Zheng Li , Li Tongwen , Shen Huanfeng , Zhang LiangPei
Published: February 2022

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is widely concerned for its harmful impacts on global environment and human health, making air pollution monitoring so crucial and indispensable. As the world’s first open, real-time, and historical air quality platform, OpenAQ collects and provides government measurement and research-level data from various channels. However, despite OpenAQ’s innovation in providing us with ground-measured PM2.5 worldwide, we find significant data gaps in time series for most of the sites. The incompleteness of the data directly affects the public perception of PM2.5 concentration levels and hinders the progress of research related to air pollution. To address these issues, a two-step hybrid model named ST-SILM, i.e. spatio-temporal model with single exponential smoothing-inverse distance weighted (SES-IDW) and long short-term memory (LSTM), is proposed to repair the missing data from PM2.5 sites worldwide collected from OpenAQ from 2017 to 2019. Both spatio-temporal correlation and neighborhood fields are considered and established in the model. To be specific, SES-IDW were firstly used to repair missing values, and secondly, the LSTM network was employed to reconstruct the time series of continuous missing data. After the global ground-measured PM2.5 was reconstructed, the light gradient boosting machine model was applied to remote sensing estimation of the original ground-measured PM2.5 and of the reconstructed ground-measured PM2.5 to further verify the performance of ST-SILM. Experiment results show that the estimation accuracy of the reconstructed dataset is better (R
2 from 2017 to 2019 increased by 0.02, 0.02, and 0.01 compared with the original dataset). Therefore, it is concluded that the proposed model can effectively reconstruct data from PM2.5 sites worldwide.
Beyond thermodynamic uncertainty relations: nonlinear response, error-dissipation trade-offs, and speed limits
Authors: Falasco Gianmaria , Esposito Massimiliano , Delvenne Jean-Charles
Published: February 2022

From a recent geometric generalization of thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) we derive novel upper bounds on the nonlinear response of an observable of an arbitrary system undergoing a change of probabilistic state. Various relaxations of these bounds allow to recover well known bounds such as (strengthenings of) Cramer–Rao’s and Pinsker’s inequalities. In particular we obtain a master inequality, named symmetric response intensity relation, which recovers several TURs as particular cases. We employ this set of bounds for three physical applications. First, we derive a trade-off between thermodynamic cost (dissipated free energy) and reliability of systems switching instantly between two states, such as one-bit memories. We derive in particular a lower bound of 2.8k
B
T per Shannon bit to write a bit in such a memory, a bound distinct from Landauer’s one. Second, we obtain a new family of classic speed limits which provide lower bounds for non-autonomous Markov processes on the time needed to transition between two probabilistic states in terms of a thermodynamic quantity (e.g. non-equilibrium free energy) and a kinetic quantity (e.g. dynamical activity). Third, we provide an upper bound on the nonlinear response of a system based solely on the ‘complexity’ of the system (which we relate to a high entropy and non-uniformity of the probabilities). We find that ‘complex’ models (e.g. with many states) are necessarily fragile to some perturbations, while simple systems are robust, in that they display a low response to arbitrary perturbations.
In silico restriction site analysis for characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolate
Authors: Ekawasti F , Cahyaningsih U , Sadi’ah S , Dharmayanti N L P I , Subekti D T
Published: February 2022

Toxoplasma gondiiinfection is a serious major public health concern. Toxoplasmosis is a disease that affects humans and warm-blooded animals all over the world. The virulence and severity of the sickness may be influenced by parasite load. The three clonal lineages for biological research areT. gondiigenotypes I, II, and III. Using primer genes forgra1, rop1, andmic3, which have been identified as essential proteins for tachyzoite invasion and replication in host cells. PCR was used to determine the genotype of aT. gondiiisolate from the Indonesian research center for veterinary science.In silicorestriction site analysis was performed onT. gondiiisolates using CLC sequence viewer 8.0 software to assess sequence data for the existence of restriction enzyme patterns. Predictable restriction fragment length polymorphism usingIn silicoanalysis.T. gondiisequencing genes areIn silicodigested with different restriction enzymes. The findings show that they can easily distinguish archetypal parasites from biotypes and estimate the genetic diversity of the parasites. According to the interpretation of the data, isolateT. gondiibelongs to strain RH genotype I.
Surgical removal of bladder stone in a sulcata tortoise (Centrochelys sulcata): A case study
Authors: Raharjo S , Widyarini S , Indarjulianto S , Yanuartono
Published: February 2022

A 2 years old male sulcata (Centrochelys sulcata) tortoise presented to the clinic with problems of refuse to eat for 2 weeks, weaken, sleeping all day long and no defecated or urinating during last 1 week. The population is 24 tortoises in many species. Daily diets mainly on lettuce and cabbage. Clinical signs found during physical examination were closed eyelids, weakness and inactive. An X-ray imaging was presented and found a large white mass in urinary bladder. The diagnose was bladder stones or calculi vesicalis. Due to the size and the density of the bladder stones, a surgery intervention for bladder stones removal was conducted. Anesthesia using ketamine dose 30 mg/kg BW combine with xylazine dose 2 mg/kg BW injected intramuscularly. The surgery starts with cutting the plastron using a sterile dremel, opening the plastron and put the cutting plastron in saline water, opening the coelomic cavity by incising the abdominal muscles, finding the urinary bladder, incision the urinary bladder, removing the bladder stones, flushing the urinary bladder, suturing the urinary bladder, suturing the abdominal muscles, closing the plastron and applying the epoxy glue for covering the cutting plastron. Antibiotic enrofloxacine 10% with dose 5 mg/kg BW combine with antiinflamatory tolfenamic acid 4% and vitamin B complex all are injected intramuscularly once a day for 5 consecutive days. The tortoise was hospitalized and monitoring daily. The tortoise recover in day 4 after surgery, start eating and healing to normal activities in day 7.
Daily behavioral activities of the proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus Wurmb) in the Bekantan Rescue Center, Sahabat Bekantan Indonesia foundation
Authors: Nurliani A , Rezeki A , Istiqomah S , Rusmiati  , Hoesain F F
Published: February 2022

The proboscis monkey or long-nosed monkey is diurnal and arboreal. This species is endemic to Borneo Island inhabit mangrove forest and swampland. Daily behavioral activities of the proboscis monkey kept in the Bekantan Rescue Center, Sahabat Bekantan Indonesia Foundation was interesting to be observed. A couple of adult proboscis monkey, which was approximately 10 years old for each individu, was utilized in the current study. Observation on daily behavioral activities included locomotion, eating, antagonistic, playing, grooming, and rest-activity. Proboscis monkey spent their daily time for resting, locomotion, grooming, eating, antagonistic, and playing with each percentage were 42.50%; 26.04%; 17.15%; 9.29%; 0.86%; and 0.13%, consecutively. Locomotion activities consisted of walk, jump, moving seat, swing, and cage-shaking. Grooming by removing pieces of dirt, dried skin, and insects from the hair were done individually and more frequently in female than male. Eating activities were 3 times a day, morning, noon, and afternoon with the duration of 5-15 minutes. An antagonistic expression such as opening wide-mouth, vocalization, and cage-shaking was frequently observed in the male shown when the unknown person was present. Playing activity was the lowest percentage activity observed. This activity is less frequently observed in the adult period. Rest activity consisted of night sleep and day sleep. Night sleep was observed from 09.00 P.M to 6.00 A.M, and day sleep was observed after eating time in the morning and noon. Daily behavioral activities of the proboscis monkey in the Bekantan Rescue Center tend to be done routinely and regularly.
Activity test of chitosan haruan (Channa striata) fish scales as antibiofilm agent againts biofilm of Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Putri D K T , Ilham M S , Adhani R , Utami J P , Rahmiati
Published: February 2022

Background:Porphyromonas gingivalishas been known as the major bacterial that induce periodontal inflammation through biofilm formation. Biofilms contain important virulence factors such as lipopolysaccharides. These virulence factors can make it escape from the periodontal immune system and modulate biofilms by increasing tolerance to antibiofilm agents so that biofilm formation becomes uncontrolled. The Chitosan from Haruan (Channa Striata) fish scales contains a degree of deacetylation of 85.25% which is associated with the content of an amine group (-NH2) which is positively charged in the Chitosan haruan fish scale which can act as an antibiofilm. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the activity of Chitosan Haruan fish scales (Channa striata) as an antibiofilm agent on Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms. Methods: The research design used in this study was a true experimental design with a post-test with a control group design using 4 treatments and 1 positive control. All treatments were carried out biofilm testing to obtain Optical Density. Results: The results showed that chitosan Haruan fish scales with a concentration of 2.5%, 10%, 20%, 40% proved to be able to damage the Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm. Conclusion: Chitosan Haruan fish scales have the ability as an antibiofilm agent against P.gingivalis biofilms.
Comparison of dissolved organic carbon and nutrients content in Papua peatland
Authors: Sundari S
Published: February 2022

Indonesia’s peatlands degrade due to land conversion and land development. Peatland conversion affects nutrient content in peat soil and peat water, including dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Research on the comparison of DOC and nutrient content was conducted in Papua peatland. It was carried out at Kaliki and Marga Mulia in Merauke, and also at Khanami and Yame in Mappi. This research aimed to determine DOC, soil, and water nutrients, then compare them among peatlands in Merauke and Mappi. At each location, three replications of peat water and peat soil were sampled by digging to a depth of 20 cm. The peat water was estimated for DOC concentration and nutrients, but peat soil was analyzed for nutrients only. The DOC concentration at Yame was the highest among the sites, followed by Khanami, Marga Mulia, and Kaliki. Soil carbon stored was estimated highest at Khanami, followed by Kaliki, Yame, and Marga Mulia. It was concluded that the DOC and soil carbon stored were higher in Mappi peatland than in Merauke peatland because it was still preserved by the community and no peatland conversion in Mappi.
Mangrove seedling abundance in mangrove ecosystem outgrowth in Ajkwa Island, Mimika Regency, Papua
Authors: Sarwom R , Douw Y , Kusuma K I , Operawiri D , Heipon Y Y , Bahari A S
Published: February 2022

Mangrove is one of the essential ecosystems for coastal areas. Mangrove is an individual or community which survives in tidal areas. Ajkwa Island is an island created by sedimentation activities from Ajkwa river. Ajkwa Island has a tidal supply well and it makes this island be an essential area for mangrove growth. This research was conducted in Ajkwa Island, Mimika Regency, Papua Province. The research is in permanent monitoring plots in 2011, 2014, and 2018. Based on the research, 2 categories were found in the monitoring plot, there are seedling and herbs. Species for seedling category are Avicennia marina, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Bruguiera cylindrica, Diospyros sp., Nypa fruticans, Sonneratia alba, and Xylocarpus sp. Species for herbs category are Allamanda cathartica and Hoya sp. Mangrove ecosystem type in Ajkwa Island is over-wash mangrove. The result, Sonneratia alba and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza had density and important value index higher than the other species in every monitoring year. Mangrove spreading in Ajkwa Island increases in each monitoring year. Mangrove seedling spread significantly from 2014 to 2018. On the monitoring plots, mangrove density in 2014 is 41.700 ind/ha and for 2018 is 74.000 ind/ha. Beside vegetation analysis, this research does spatial analysis to support the result from field monitoring data. Spatial analysis also proved the spreading of the seedling increased significantly from 2014 to 2018.
The potential, wetlands utilization through the social forestry program in Kayan Sembakung Delta, North Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Angi E M , Kartika K , Wiati C B
Published: February 2022

Indonesia has approximately 39.6 million hectares of wetlands and almost 894,106 hectares in the Kayan Sembakung Delta, North Kalimantan Province. Despite in illegal status, the wetlands in the Kayan Sembakung Delta for decades have become a location where local people depend for their lives. Therefore, as part of resolving land conflicts, the implementation of Social Forestry (SF) can be offered to the community in the area. This study aims to identify problems in SF implementation in the Kayan Sembakung Delta and efforts to solve them. Data collection was obtained by interviewing the key informants, FGDs, and field observations together with the community member of 5 villages in North Kalimantan namely Liagu Village in Sekatak District - Bulungan Regency, Salimbatu Village in Tanjung Palas Tengah District - Bulungan Regency, Sengkong Village in Sesayap Hilir District - Tana Tidung Regency, Atap Village in Sembakung District - Nunukan Regency and Tepian Village in Sembakung District - Nunukan Regency. The study showed that the implementation of SF in the Kayan Sembakung Delta just in the early phase and facing numerous technical problems such as institutional, facilitating, management plan, funding, human resources, the potential for natural resource development, groups of social forestry business, and support from other parties. This study found that the main problem in implementing SF in the Kayan Sembakung Delta is the weak capacity of the human resources of SF management institution. This condition caused that the implementation of SF programs in this area must receive support from parties, especially in policy support and improving human resources.
Microbial diversity of shallot plantation in peat-lands applied with three types of botanical pesticides
Authors: Salamiah  , Aidawati N
Published: February 2022

One method of controlling disease that is environmentally friendly is the use of plant-based pesticides also known as botanical pesticides. The use of botanical pesticides has proven to be effective in controlling several species of pests and plant diseases, because they contains active secondary metabolite compounds. These compounds affect pathogenic microorganisms, so it is feared will also affect antagonistic microorganisms. This research will find out the impact of the application of several botanical pesticides on shallots to microbial biodiversity. The study was conducted in Peat-lands, at South Kalimantan. Microbial identification was carried out at the Phytopathology Laboratory and the Laboratory of Biological Control of the Department of Pests and Plant Diseases, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarbaru. The results showed that the application of plant-based pesticides from Kepayang fruit extract and Galam leaf extract had an influence in decreasing the population of microorganisms, respectively by 80.44% and 75.26%. Chirinyuh were increased the population by 36.60%, as well as the control treatment, the population of microorganisms increased by 17.77%. Meanwhile the application of synthetic pesticide Dhitane M-45 reduced the population of microorganisms by 95.73%. Types of microbes found in the soil and onion rhizosphere are Pseudomonas flourescens, Bacillus sp., Fusarium sp., Aspergillus sp., Curvularia sp., Scopulariopsis sp., Stachybotrys bisbyi, and Penicillium sp.
Expression of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (SARS-CoV-2 PLpro) in Escherichia coli RIPL
Authors: Ulfah M , Mulyawati L , Riswoko A , Helianti I
Published: February 2022

The SARS-CoV-2 virus that caused pandemic COVID-19 has spread rapidly to humans and causes a very serious health and social problem around the world. In order to develop vaccine and therapeutic approaches, a comprehensive study of viral structure and viral biological infection needs to be understood. In addition to four structural proteins; spike glycoprotein (S), envelope (E), membrane protein (M), and nucleocapsid protein (N), SARS-CoV-2 viral genome, consist of two open reading frame (ORF) which is located in N-terminus, ORF1a, and ORF1b. The ORF1a consist of Main protease (3CLpro) and together with papain-like protease (PLpro) play a role in the cleavage of polyproteins and translated from viral RNA to mature protein. Here we describe a method of production of 6xHis-tagged Papain-like protease fragment in E. coli RIPL, including gene expression, solubilization of inclusion bodies by different methods, and detection of gene product target by Western Blot Analyses.
The diversity of endophitic fungi on Annua mutant plantation (Artemisia annua L.) based on ITS rDNA marker
Authors: Radiastuti N , Suryani M J , Susilowati D N , Purnamaningsih R , Mulya K
Published: February 2022

Artemisia annua is a plant that produces artemisinin which is an antimalarial compound. The production of artemisinin compounds is influenced by the interaction of endophytic molds with their host plants. This study was conducted to identify endophytic molds found in plant tissues of A. annua which previously had been treated by mutations with Ethyl metahnesulfonate (EMS) to increase artemisinin production levels. Identification was carried out by using BLAST analysis, while the phylogenetic tree analysis used the minimum evolution (ME) method on MEGA 7 and the maximum parsimony (MP) method on PAUP 4.0b10. Phylogenetic analysis used noncoding sequences of the Internal Transcribe Spacer (ITS) rDNA region. Twelve endophytic molds (8 isolates from leaves, 2 isolates from stems, 1 isolate from petioles, and 1 isolate from flowers) in the Biogen Culture collection. This study identified to the species level phylogenetically. The endophytic molds identified were dominated by the Sordariomycetes group. It consist of 4 species, such as Clonostachys rosea, Fusarium oxysporum, Microascus gracillis, and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, and another species belonging to the Eurotiomycetes group, is Aspergillus sydowii. A total of 4 families were obtained, such as Nectriaceae, Bionectriaceae, Microascaceae, and Aspergillaceae. All acquired classes belong to the Ascomycota division.
Formula application of N fixation and P solubilizing isolate from two soil type of paddy field on the growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa Linn.)
Authors: Ikhwani  , Novisrayani  , Husna N , Yuniarti E
Published: February 2022

The formula application of biological nitrogen and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (NPSB) were suitable and possible potential for plant growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa Linn.). This study aimed to investigate the formula application effect of NPSB on plant growth and yield components responses at different type soil paddy fields. The experiment was conducted at the greenhouse of the Center for Research and Development of Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources, Bogor District, West Java Province, and arranged in a factorial randomized block design with two factor and three replications. Biometrical observations found significantly highest in formula application at vegetative and generative stage. The maximum number of tillers was observed on 107 at alluvial type soil which was 11.0, followed by 105 μmol/ml at latosol type soil which was 10.3. The effectiveness of tiller after 63 DAT was observed on all formulate at alluvial type soil. The linear relationship between the number of tillers per plant and filled grain number per plant as influenced by the application of formulated isolate at alluvial and latosol soil type had only 32.38 % (r = 0.569). The highest filled grain was on 107 μmol/ml formula isolated at latosol soil type which was 826 grain per plant at latosol soil type. The weight of grain per plant had a 96.78% contribution to the total filled grain per plant of rice(r = 0.984) indicates a very strong positive correlation between the weight grain and the number of filled grains per plant.
Phytase activity of phytase-producing bacteria isolated from mangrove sediment
Authors: Suliasih  , Widawati S , Ikhwani A Z N , Suyadi  , Sudiana I M
Published: February 2022

Through the role of phytase, some soil bacteria can mineralize insoluble organic P such as phytate (myoinositol hexakisphosphate). Phytase is a secreted enzyme possessing the ability to hydrolyze phytate into phosphate esters and inorganic P for plants absorption. This study aimed to isolate phytase-producing bacteria from mangrove sediment and examine the influence of nutrients (source of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus) and physical conditions (temperature, pH, NaCl tolerance) on maximum phytase production. The presence of phytase activity was determined by examining the individual colonies for the formation of a clear zone. Furthermore, the isolates were screened qualitatively and quantitatively using solid and liquid phytase screening medium (PSM) containing sodium Phytate as substrates. The result showed that a total of 48 isolates have the potential to produce phytase with a production range of 1.11 - 14.83U/mL. The isolate F15 asBacillus altitudiniswas found to produce the highest phytase after 72 hours of incubation, was selected for further analysis. This strain resulted in optimal phytase levels at 35°C and a pH of 6.5 in physical parameters, tolerated 5% NaCl in the presence of lactose and tryptone, which served as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively.
Polymerase chain reaction to confirm biochemically characterization method of Pasteurella multocida isolate from fatal cases of Septicaemia epizootica in Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Prihandani S S , Noor S M , Wibawan I W T , Safika  , Purba H H S , Sumirah  , Kusumawati A
Published: February 2022

Septicemia epizootica (SE) is a common fatal systemic disease in cattle and buffalo due to Pasteurella multocida serotype B:2 in South and Southeast Asia countries, including Indonesia. This infectious agent is generally considered an opportunistic pathogen and located in the nasopharynx of the animal. To support the disease’s diagnosis, an acceptable identification procedure must be established. This study was to confirm bovine P. multocida isolate that has been identified through biochemical approaches at the first step, with the Polymerase Chain Reaction method. The isolate was obtained from the fatal outbreak of cattle in Kupang in 2016 and subjected to be identified using biochemical characterization, but it was time consumed. The API 20NE was applied to identify the isolate and help to save time. The PCR result showed positive for 16 sRNA and kmt genes, both were classified as specific genes, and the capsular serotype was detected in less than 24 hours. It indicates that PCR confirms biochemical technique, and it is an appropriate and faster method in detecting pathogen agents than biochemical one.
Microbial activity of potential and actual acid sulphate soil from Kalimantan Island
Authors: Yuniarti E , Surono  , Susilowati D N , Anggria L
Published: February 2022

Drainage on acid sulphate land causes a change in the type of acid sulfate (AS) soil, from the potential to actual due to pyrite oxidation. The alteration might cause changes in microbial composition and activity. The objective of the study was to compare the microbial activity of two types of acid sulphate (AS) soil, potential AS soil from South Kalimantan and actual AS soil from Central Kalimantan. The microbial activity of both soils was determined by measuring respiration, dehydrogenase, and nitrogenase activity. The presence of culturable soil rhizospheric microorganisms was determined by Total Plate Count methods and their nitrogen fixation function was determined by the ability of culturable rhizospheric soil bacteria to grow in semisolid nitrogen-free medium, as well as, nifH detection. The result of the research revealed that the respiration, dehydrogenase, and nitrogenase activity soil from potential (1.34 mg CO2.kg1 hour−1 and 1.75 nmol C2H4.g−1. hour−1) and actual AS soil (1.23 mg CO2.kg−1. hour−1 and 2.00 nmol C2H4.g−1.day−1) were relatively not different. However, the dehydrogenase activity of actual AS soil (6.29 μg TPF.g−1. hour−1) was higher than that of potential AS soils (3.32 μg TPF.g−1. hour−1). Similarly, the microbial abundance of both soils was not different and the abundance of bacteria was higher than that of fungi. The soils contained nifH genes. In both soils have been detected the presence of microbial abundance and functional microorganisms as a nitrogen fixer, a culturable phosphate solubilizer, or phytohormone producer. However, limiting factors of both soils, i.e., very acidic soil, low nutrient availability, and Al toxicity brought about the low microbial activity.
Carbon stock potential of Indonesian local fruit trees, some collections of Purwodadi Botanic Garden
Authors: Yulistyarini T , Hadiah J T
Published: February 2022

Restoration programs improve the quality of degraded ecosystem and play a role in mitigating climate change. Selection of plant species based on carbon sinks has been widely used in such programs, including using fruit trees. The purpose of this study was to estimate the carbon stock of several local fruit species collections at Purwodadi Botanic Garden in order to determine their potential as carbon storage. Above ground C stock estimation was conducted using a non-destructive method by measuring stem diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height. The age of sampled fruit trees ranged between 20–60 years. Biomass was obtained by calculating using allometric equation. The results showed that sixty years old Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel. stored the highest carbon (163 Mg C.ha−1). Whereas, the lowest carbon stock was stored by forty years old Stelechocarpus burahol (Blume) Hook.f. & Thomson (1.4 C tonnes.ha−1). Findings of this study suggested that most observed local fruit trees are potential carbon sinks and must be promoted in restoration programs to help mitigate climate change. Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel, Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi, Garcinia dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz,, Protium javanicum Burm.f, Sandoricum koetjape (Burm.f.) Merr., and Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels were recommended as priority species for restoration.
Conservation threats of Pemphis acidula in the Tomini Bay area, Gorontalo, Indonesia
Authors: Baderan D W K , Retnowati Y , Utina R
Published: February 2022

Pemphis acidula is a wild plant in coastal and mangrove ecosystems. This plant is in great demand by ornamental plant collectors because of its unique wood texture. Massive exploitation causes more of these species reduction. The coastal areas of Olele, Dulanga, and Biluhu in the Tomini Bay of Gorontalo are the habitat of Pemphis acidula. The purpose of this study is to reveal the form of threat to Pemphis acidula in Tomini Bay. The results showed two forms of threats, namely (1) theft by residents from outside the area to be traded as ornamental plants, and (2) the use of herbal medicines, traditional ceremonies, and building materials by residents. The study also revealed that some residents believe the stems of Pemphis acidula have magical powers. The use of this plant is not comparable to its slow growth, other than being included in the category of least concern. However, this plant has a very high selling value of up to hundreds of millions of rupiah. Therefore, it is important to do conservation for the management of the Tomini Bay ecosystem to prevent the decline in the biodiversity of Pemphis acidula.
Comparative study of antioxidant effect from extract and fraction of ‘Paku Atai Merah’ (Angiopteris ferox Coupel)
Authors: Aisyah A N , Lukitaningsih E , Rumiyati  , Sami F J , Khairi N , Marwati  , Khairuddin  , Nur S
Published: February 2022

Paku Atai Merah tubers with the Latin nameAngiopteris feroxCoupel have been used by the Dayak people as empirical treatment and have anticancer and antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to find out more the movement of extracts and fractions of Paku Atai Merah tubers in reducing free radicals using the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), CUPRAC, and Iron chelating methods. In this study, the sample used was the ethanol extract (EE) ofA.feroxCopel and then partitioned using n-hexane (FHP), ethyl acetate (FEAP), and aqueous-ethanol (FEP) solvents. The effectiveness of the sample in reducing free radicals with various antioxidant assay methods. The results obtained from this study indicate that the extract and fraction of Paku Atai Merah tubers have good effectiveness as an antioxidant agent. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) method showed that EAP had a total antioxidant capacity of 101.60 μM/mg QEAC compared to EE (44.62 μM/mg QEAC), FEAP (89.88 μM/mg QEAC), and FHP (81.21 μM/mg QEAC). In the CUPRAC method using gallic acid as a standard for comparison, the results obtained were EE (4.00 μM/mg GEAC), FHP (1.45 μM/mg GEAC), FEAP (8.66 μM/mg GEAC), and APA (8.72 μM/mg GEAC). The antioxidant activity using the chelating iron method in each sample of EE, HPA, EAP, and APA showed activity with IC50 values of 384 μg/mL, 387.41 μg/mL, 339.23 μg/mL, and 347.3 μg/mL. Based on the results obtained from this study, it can conclude that the extract and fraction of Paku Atai Merah tubers have an excellent antioxidant agent to develop as a food supplement.
Preparation of leaf anatomy slide using modification protocols
Authors: Mardiyyaningsih A N , Daningsih E
Published: February 2022

Preparing leaf anatomy slide is a routine procedure in physiology and anatomy plant research. A standard microtechnique method frequently adopted for doing such procedure is Johansens’. However, for early user such as university students, executing this method may be challenging in term of using many chemicals in different stages which make it more pricey and need longer duration. This research attempts to analyse the possibility for using simpler protocol suggested by Gunarso to replace Johansens method. It is conducted under a qualitative experiment design involving leaves from monocotyl and dicotyl classes as samples. Samples are analysed with safranin-fast green staining protocols. Result shows that there is no difference between Johanssens’ and Gunarso modified protocol (GMP) with respect to vivid observable of the cell membrane, the tissue structure, and the colour intensity. Hence, this new modification protocol is potential to replace the Johansens methods in leaf anatomy slide