bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using High‐Resolution Satellite Imagery and Deep Learning to Track Dynamic Seasonality in Small Water Bodies
Authors: Mullen Andrew L. , Watts Jennifer D. , Rogers Brendan M. , Carroll Mark L. , Elder Clayton D. , Noomah Jonas , Williams Zachary , Caraballo‐Vega Jordan A. , Bredder Allison , Rickenbaugh Eliza , Levenson Eric , Cooley Sarah W. , Hung Jacqueline K. Y. , Fiske Greg , Potter Stefano , Yang Yili , Miller Charles E. , Natali Susan M. , Douglas Thomas A. , Kyzivat Ethan D.
Published: April 2023

Small water bodies (i.e., ponds; <0.01 km2) play an important role in Earth System processes, including carbon cycling and emissions of methane. Detection and monitoring of ponds using satellite imagery has been extremely difficult and many water maps are biased toward lakes (>0.01 km2). We leverage high‐resolution (3 m) optical satellite imagery from Planet Labs and deep learning methods to map seasonal changes in pond and lake areal extent across four regions in Alaska. Our water maps indicate that changes in open water extent over the snow‐free season are especially pronounced in ponds. To investigate potential impacts of seasonal changes in pond area on carbon emissions, we provide a case study of open water methane emission budgets using the new water maps. Our approach has widespread applications for water resources, habitat and land cover change assessments, wildlife management, risk assessments, and other biogeochemical modeling efforts.
Wintertime Synoptic Patterns of Midlatitude Boundary Layer Clouds Over the Western North Atlantic: Climatology and Insights From In Situ ACTIVATE Observations
Authors: Painemal David , Chellappan Seethala , Smith William L. , Spangenberg Douglas , Park J. Minnie , Ackerman Andrew , Chen Jingyi , Crosbie Ewan , Ferrare Richard , Hair Johnathan , Kirschler Simon , Li Xiang‐Yu , McComiskey Allison , Moore Richard H. , Sanchez Kevin , Sorooshian Armin , Tornow Florian , Voigt Christiane , Wang Hailong , Winstead Edward , Zeng Xubin , Ziemba Luke , Zuidema Paquita
Published: April 2023

The winter synoptic evolution of the western North Atlantic and its influence on the atmospheric boundary layer is described by means of a regime classification based on Self‐Organizing Maps applied to 12 years of data (2009–2020). The regimes are classified into categories according to daily 600‐hPa geopotential height: dominant ridge, trough to ridge eastward transition (trough‐ridge), dominant trough, and ridge to trough eastward transition (ridge–trough). A fifth synoptic regime resembles the winter climatological mean. Coherent changes in sea‐level pressure and large‐scale winds are in concert with the synoptic regimes: (a) the ridge regime is associated with a well‐developed anticyclone; (b) the trough‐ridge gives rise to a low‐pressure center over the ocean, ascents, and northerly winds over the coastal zone; (c) trough is associated with the eastward displacement of a cyclone, coastal subsidence, and northerly winds, all representative characteristics of cold‐air outbreaks; and (d) the ridge–trough regime features the development of an anticyclone and weak coastal winds. Low clouds are characteristic of the trough regime, with both trough and trough–ridge featuring synoptic maxima in cloud droplet number concentration (Nd). The Nd increase is primarily observed near the coast, concomitant with strong surface heat fluxes exceeding by more than 400 W m−2 compared to fluxes further east. Five consecutive days of aircraft observations collected during the ACTIVATE campaign corroborates the climatological characterization, confirming the occurrence of high Nd for days identified as trough. This study emphasizes the role of boundary‐layer dynamics and aerosol activation and their roles in modulating cloud microphysics.
Automated Symbolic Upscaling: 2. Model Generation for Extended Applicability Regimes
Authors: Pietrzyk Kyle , Battiato Ilenia
Published: April 2023

In this second part of the two paper series, we detail an algorithmic procedure for systematically implementing the generalized closure form strategy presented in Part 1. This strategy extends the applicability of homogenized models with respect to classical homogenization theory, as demonstrated in Part 1 where upscaled models are rigorously derived in moderately reactive physical regimes. After encoding the algorithm into Symbolica, an automated upscaling framework, we upscale two reactive mass transport problems and numerically validate the resulting nonlinear homogenized models by showing the absolute error estimates predicted by homogenization theory are satisfied. In both problems, nontrivial closure forms and closure problems are automatically formulated using the encoded strategy with no human interaction, nor prior knowledge regarding the closure required for the systems. We hope these demonstrations spark further interest in automated analytical frameworks for multiscale modeling, as such capabilities are invaluable for generating rigorous multiscale models of complex phenomena in porous media.
The implications of alternative pre-mRNA splicing in cell signal transduction
Authors: Choi Sunkyung , Cho Namjoon , Kim Kee K.
Published: April 2023

Cells produce multiple mRNAs through alternative splicing, which ensures proteome diversity. Because most human genes undergo alternative splicing, key components of signal transduction pathways are no exception. Cells regulate various signal transduction pathways, including those associated with cell proliferation, development, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. Since proteins produced through alternative splicing can exhibit diverse biological functions, splicing regulatory mechanisms affect all signal transduction pathways. Studies have demonstrated that proteins generated by the selective combination of exons encoding important domains can enhance or attenuate signal transduction and can stably and precisely regulate various signal transduction pathways. However, aberrant splicing regulation via genetic mutation or abnormal expression of splicing factors negatively affects signal transduction pathways and is associated with the onset and progression of various diseases, including cancer. In this review, we describe the effects of alternative splicing regulation on major signal transduction pathways and highlight the significance of alternative splicing.
An interconnect-free micro-electromechanical 7-bit arithmetic device for multi-operand programmable computing
Authors: Zou Xuecui , Yaqoob Usman , Ahmed Sally , Wang Yue , Salama Khaled Nabil , Fariborzi Hossein
Published: April 2023

Computational power density and interconnection between transistors have grown to be the dominant challenges for the continued scaling of complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology due to limited integration density and computing power. Herein, we designed a novel, hardware-efficient, interconnect-free microelectromechanical 7:3 compressor using three microbeam resonators. Each resonator is configured with seven equal-weighted inputs and multiple driven frequencies, thus defining the transformation rules for transmitting resonance frequency to binary outputs, performing summation operations, and displaying outputs in compact binary format. The device achieves low power consumption and excellent switching reliability even after 3 × 103 repeated cycles. These performance improvements, including enhanced computational power capacity and hardware efficiency, are paramount for moderately downscaling devices. Finally, our proposed paradigm shift for circuit design provides an attractive alternative to traditional electronic digital computing and paves the way for multioperand programmable computing based on electromechanical systems.
Aktiia cuffless blood pressure monitor yields equivalent daytime blood pressure measurements compared to a 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitor: Preliminary results from a prospective single-center study
Authors: Almeida Tiago P. , Cortés Meritxell , Perruchoud David , Alexandre Jérémy , Vermare Pascale , Sola Josep , Shah Jay , Marques Luisa , Pellaton Cyril
Published: April 2023

In this preliminary study, we compared daytime blood pressure (BP) measurements performed by a commercially available cuffless—and continual—BP monitor (Aktiia monitor, Neuchâtel, Switzerland) and a traditional ambulatory BP monitor (ABPM; Dyasis 3, Novacor, Paris, France) from 52 patients enrolled in a 12-week cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program (Neuchâtel, Switzerland). Daytime (9am–9pm) systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP from 7-day averaged data from Aktiia monitor were compared to 1-day averaged BP data from ABPM. No significant differences were found between the Aktiia monitor and the ABPM for SBP (μ ± σ [95% confidence interval]: 1.6 ± 10.5 [−1.5, 4.6] mmHg, P = 0.306; correlation [R2]: 0.70; ± 10/ ± 15 mmHg agreements: 60%, 84%). Marginally non-significant bias was found for DBP (−2.2 ± 8.0 [−4.5, 0.1] mmHg, P = 0.058; R2: 0.66; ±10/±15 mmHg agreements: 78%, 96%). These intermediate results show that daytime BP measurements using the Aktiia monitor generate data comparable to that of an ABPM monitor.
Unequivocal identification of two-bond heteronuclear correlations in natural products at nanomole scale by i-HMBC
Authors: Wang Yunyi , Fan Aili , Cohen Ryan D. , Dal Poggetto Guilherme , Huang Zheng , Yang Haifeng , Martin Gary E. , Sherer Edward C. , Reibarkh Mikhail , Wang Xiao
Published: April 2023

HMBC is an essential NMR experiment for determining multiple bond heteronuclear correlations in small to medium-sized organic molecules, including natural products, yet its major limitation is the inability to differentiate two-bond from longer-range correlations. There have been several attempts to address this issue, but all reported approaches suffer various drawbacks, such as restricted utility and poor sensitivity. Here we present a sensitive and universal methodology to identify two-bond HMBC correlations using isotope shifts, referred to as i-HMBC (isotope shift detection HMBC). Experimental utility was demonstrated at the sub-milligram / nanomole scale with only a few hours of acquisition time required for structure elucidation of several complex proton-deficient natural products, which could not be fully elucidated by conventional 2D NMR experiments. Because i-HMBC overcomes the key limitation of HMBC without significant reduction in sensitivity or performance, i-HMBC can be used as a complement to HMBC when unambiguous identifications of two-bond correlations are needed.
Hybrid magnonics in hybrid perovskite antiferromagnets
Authors: Comstock Andrew H. , Chou Chung-Tao , Wang Zhiyu , Wang Tonghui , Song Ruyi , Sklenar Joseph , Amassian Aram , Zhang Wei , Lu Haipeng , Liu Luqiao , Beard Matthew C. , Sun Dali
Published: April 2023

Hybrid magnonic systems are a newcomer for pursuing coherent information processing owing to their rich quantum engineering functionalities. One prototypical example is hybrid magnonics in antiferromagnets with an easy-plane anisotropy that resembles a quantum-mechanically mixed two-level spin system through the coupling of acoustic and optical magnons. Generally, the coupling between these orthogonal modes is forbidden due to their opposite parity. Here we show that the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya-Interaction (DMI), a chiral antisymmetric interaction that occurs in magnetic systems with low symmetry, can lift this restriction. We report that layered hybrid perovskite antiferromagnets with an interlayer DMI can lead to a strong intrinsic magnon-magnon coupling strength up to 0.24 GHz, which is four times greater than the dissipation rates of the acoustic/optical modes. Our work shows that the DMI in these hybrid antiferromagnets holds promise for leveraging magnon-magnon coupling by harnessing symmetry breaking in a highly tunable, solution-processable layered magnetic platform.
Increased warm water intrusions could cause mass loss in East Antarctica during the next 200 years
Authors: Jordan James R. , Miles B. W. J. , Gudmundsson G. H. , Jamieson S. S. R. , Jenkins A. , Stokes C. R.
Published: April 2023

The East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) is currently surrounded by relatively cool water, but climatic shifts have the potential to increase basal melting via intrusions of warm modified Circumpolar Deep Water (mCDW) onto the continental shelf. Here we use an ice sheet model to show that under the current ocean regime, with only limited intrusions of mCDW, the EAIS will likely gain mass over the next 200 years due to the increased precipitation from a warming atmosphere outweighing increased ice discharge due to ice-shelf melting. However, if the ocean regime were to become dominated by greater mCDW intrusions, the EAIS would have a negative mass balance, contributing up to 48 mm of SLE over this time period. Our modelling finds George V Land to be particularly at risk to increased ocean induced melting. With warmer oceans, we also find that a mid range RCP4.5 emissions scenario is likely to result in a more negative mass balance than a high RCP8.5 emissions scenario, as the relative difference between increased precipitation due to a warming atmosphere and increased ice discharge due to a warming ocean is more negative in the mid range RCP4.5 emission scenario.
Development of rechargeable high-energy hybrid zinc-iodine aqueous batteries exploiting reversible chlorine-based redox reaction
Authors: Liang Guojin , Liang Bochun , Chen Ao , Zhu Jiaxiong , Li Qing , Huang Zhaodong , Li Xinliang , Wang Ying , Wang Xiaoqi , Xiong Bo , Jin Xu , Bai Shengchi , Fan Jun , Zhi Chunyi
Published: April 2023

The chlorine-based redox reaction (ClRR) could be exploited to produce secondary high-energy aqueous batteries. However, efficient and reversible ClRR is challenging, and it is affected by parasitic reactions such as Cl2 gas evolution and electrolyte decomposition. Here, to circumvent these issues, we use iodine as positive electrode active material in a battery system comprising a Zn metal negative electrode and a concentrated (e.g., 30 molal) ZnCl2 aqueous electrolyte solution. During cell discharge, the iodine at the positive electrode interacts with the chloride ions from the electrolyte to enable interhalogen coordinating chemistry and forming ICl3-. In this way, the redox-active halogen atoms allow a reversible three-electrons transfer reaction which, at the lab-scale cell level, translates into an initial specific discharge capacity of 612.5 mAh gI2−1 at 0.5 A gI2−1 and 25 °C (corresponding to a calculated specific energy of 905 Wh kgI2−1). We also report the assembly and testing of a Zn | |Cl-I pouch cell prototype demonstrating a discharge capacity retention of about 74% after 300 cycles at 200 mA and 25 °C (final discharge capacity of about 92 mAh).
In situ orderly self-assembly strategy affording NIR-II-J-aggregates for in vivo imaging and surgical navigation
Authors: Li Zhe , Liang Ping-Zhao , Xu Li , Zhang Xing-Xing , Li Ke , Wu Qian , Lou Xiao-Feng , Ren Tian-Bing , Yuan Lin , Zhang Xiao-Bing
Published: April 2023

J-aggregation, an effective strategy to extend wavelength, has been considered as a promising method for constructing NIR-II fluorophores. However, due to weak intermolecular interactions, conventional J-aggregates are easily decomposed into monomers in the biological environment. Although adding external carriers could help conventional J-aggregates stabilize, such methods still suffer from high-concentration dependence and are unsuitable for activatable probes design. Besides, these carriers-assisted nanoparticles are risky of disassembly in lipophilic environment. Herein, by fusing the precipitated dye (HPQ) which has orderly self-assembly structure, onto simple hemi-cyanine conjugated system, we construct a series of activatable, high-stability NIR-II-J-aggregates which overcome conventional J-aggregates carrier’s dependence and could in situ self-assembly in vivo. Further, we employ the NIR-II-J-aggregates probe HPQ-Zzh-B to achieve the long-term in situ imaging of tumor and precise tumor resection by NIR-II imaging navigation for reducing lung metastasis. We believe this strategy will advance the development of controllable NIR-II-J-aggregates and precise bioimaging in vivo.
The effect of classroom environment on literacy development
Authors: Rance Gary , Dowell Richard C. , Tomlin Dani
Published: April 2023

The physical characteristics of a child’s learning environment can affect health, wellbeing and educational progress. Here we investigate the effect of classroom setting on academic progress in 7–10-year-old students comparing reading development in “open-plan” (multiple class groups located within one physical space) and “enclosed-plan” (one class group per space) environments. All learning conditions (class group, teaching personnel, etc.) were held constant throughout, while physical environment was alternated term-by-term using a portable, sound-treated dividing wall. One hundred and ninety-six students underwent academic, cognitive and auditory assessment at baseline and 146 of these were available for repeat assessment at the completion of 3 school terms, allowing within-child changes across an academic year to be calculated. Reading fluency development (change in words read-per-minute) was greater for the enclosed-classroom phases (P < 0.001; 95%CI 3.7, 10.0) and the children who showed the greatest condition difference (i.e. slower rate of development in the open-plan) were those with the worst speech perception in noise and/or poorest attention skills. These findings highlight the important role classroom setting plays in the academic development of young students.
DNA segment capture by Smc5/6 holocomplexes
Authors: Taschner Michael , Gruber Stephan
Published: April 2023

Three distinct structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complexes facilitate chromosome folding and segregation in eukaryotes, presumably by DNA loop extrusion. How SMCs interact with DNA to extrude loops is not well understood. Among the SMC complexes, Smc5/6 has dedicated roles in DNA repair and preventing a buildup of aberrant DNA junctions. In the present study, we describe the reconstitution of ATP-dependent DNA loading by yeast Smc5/6 rings. Loading strictly requires the Nse5/6 subcomplex which opens the kleisin neck gate. We show that plasmid molecules are topologically entrapped in the kleisin and two SMC subcompartments, but not in the full SMC compartment. This is explained by the SMC compartment holding a looped DNA segment and by kleisin locking it in place when passing between the two flanks of the loop for neck-gate closure. Related segment capture events may provide the power stroke in subsequent DNA extrusion steps, possibly also in other SMC complexes, thus providing a unifying principle for DNA loading and extrusion.
Using machine learning to determine the time of exposure to infection by a respiratory pathogen
Authors: Sharma Kartikay , Aminian Manuchehr , Ghosh Tomojit , Liu Xiaoyu , Kirby Michael
Published: April 2023

Given an infected host, estimating the time that has elapsed since initial exposure to the pathogen is an important problem in public health. In this paper we use longitudinal gene expression data from human challenge studies of viral respiratory illnesses for building predictive models to estimate the time elapsed since onset of respiratory infection. We apply sparsity driven machine learning to this time-stamped gene expression data to model the time of exposure by a pathogen and subsequent infection accompanied by the onset of the host immune response. These predictive models exploit the fact that the host gene expression profile evolves in time and its characteristic temporal signature can be effectively modeled using a small number of features. Predicting the time of exposure to infection to be in first 48 h after exposure produces BSR in the range of 80–90% on sequestered test data. A variety of machine learning experiments provide evidence that models developed on one virus can be used to predict exposure time for other viruses, e.g., H1N1, H3N2, and HRV. The interferon $$\alpha /\beta $$

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signaling pathway appears to play a central role in keeping time from onset of infection. Successful prediction of the time of exposure to a pathogen has potential ramifications for patient treatment and contact tracing.
Statistical modeling of Si-based refractory compounds of bamboo leaf and alumina reinforced Al–Si–Mg alloy hybrid composites
Authors: Adesina Olanrewaju S. , Adediran Adeolu A. , Edoziuno Francis O. , Sanyaolu Olufemi O. , Obadele Babatunde A.
Published: April 2023

Wear properties of Al–Mg–Si alloy matrix hybrid composites made with Si-based refractory compounds (SBRC) derived from bamboo leaf ash (BLA) as complimentary reinforcement with alumina have been studied. The experimental result indicate that optimum wear loss was obtained at higher sliding speed. The wear rate of the composites increased with an increase in BLA wt. %, with the composites having 4%SBRC from BLA + 6% alumina (B4) showing the least wear loss for the different sliding speeds and wear loads considered. With increasing BLA weight percent, the composites' wear mechanism was mostly abrasive wear. Numerical optimization results using central composite design (CCD) reveal that at a wear load of 587.014N, sliding speed of 310.053 rpm and B4 hybrid filler composition level respectively, minimum responses in wear rate (0.572mm2/min), specific wear rate (0.212cm2/g.cm3) and wear loss (0.120 g) would be obtained for the developed AA6063 based hybrid composite. Perturbation plots indicate that the sliding speed have more impact on wear loss, while wear load have significant impact on the wear rate and specific wear rate.
A set of SSR markers to characterize genetic diversity in all Viburnum species
Authors: Hamm Trinity P. , Nowicki Marcin , Boggess Sarah L. , Ranney Thomas G. , Trigiano Robert N.
Published: April 2023

About 160 species are classified within the Viburnum genus and many of these are cultivated for horticultural purposes. The vast dispersal of Viburnum makes the genus a useful model for studying evolutionary history and inferring how species expanded into their current distributions. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were previously developed for five Viburnum species that were classified within the four major clades (Laminotinus, Crenotinus, Valvatotinus, and Porphyrotinus). The ability of some of these markers to cross-amplify in Viburnum species has been scantly evaluated, but there has not been any genus-wide assessment for the markers. We evaluated a collection of 49 SSR markers for the ability to cross-amplify in 224 samples, including 46 Viburnum species, representing all 16 subclades, and five additional species in the Viburnaceae and Caprifoliaceae. A subset of 14 potentially comprehensive markers for Viburnum species was identified and evaluated for the ability to detect polymorphisms in species outside of their respective clades. The 49 markers had overall amplification success in 52% of the samples, including a 60% success rate within the Viburnum genus and 14% in other genera. The comprehensive marker set amplified alleles in 74% of all samples tested, including 85% of Viburnum samples and 19% of outgroup samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive set of markers able to characterize species across an entire genus. This set of markers can be used to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of most Viburnum species and closely allied species.
Promising photocatalytic and antimicrobial activity of novel capsaicin coated cobalt ferrite nanocatalyst
Authors: El-Khawaga Ahmed M. , Elsayed Mohamed A. , Fahim Yosri A. , Shalaby Rasha E.
Published: April 2023

In this study, CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were prepared by the co-precipitation method then surface modified with Capsaicin (Capsicum annuum ssp.). The virgin CoFe2O4 NPs and Capsaicin-coated CoFe2O4 NPs (CPCF NPs) were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TEM. The antimicrobial potential and photocatalytic degradation efficiencies of the prepared samples via Fuchsine basic (FB) were investigated. The results revealed that CoFe2O4 NPs have spherical shapes and their diameter varied from 18.0 to 30.0 nm with an average particle size of 25.0 nm. Antimicrobial activity was tested on Gram-positive (S. aureusATCC 52923) and Gram-negative (E. coli ATCC 52922) by disk diffusion and broth dilution methods to determine the zone of inhibition (ZOI) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), respectively. UV-assisted photocatalytic degradation of FB was examined. Various parameters affecting the photocatalytic efficiency such as pH, initial concentration of FB, and dose of nanocatalyst were studied. The in-vitro ZOI and MIC results verified that CPCF NPs were more active upon Gram-Positive S. aureus ATCC 52923 (23.0 mm ZOI and 0.625 μg/ml MIC) than Gram-Negative E. coli ATCC 52922 (17.0 mm ZOI and 1.250 μg/ml MIC). Results obtained from the photocatalytic activity indicated that the maximum FB removal achieving 94.6% in equilibrium was observed using 20.0 mg of CPCF NPS at pH 9.0. The synthesized CPCF NPs were effective in the removal of FB and also as potent antimicrobial agent against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with potential medical and environmental applications.
The structure of the hematopoietic system can explain chronic myeloid leukemia progression
Authors: Pérez-Jiménez Mario , Derényi Imre , Szöllősi Gergely J.
Published: April 2023

Almost all cancer types share the hallmarks of cancer and a similar tumor formation: fueled by stochastic mutations in somatic cells. In case of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), this evolutionary process can be tracked from an asymptomatic long-lasting chronic phase to a final rapidly evolving blast phase. Somatic evolution in CML occurs in the context of healthy blood production, a hierarchical process of cell division; initiated by stem cells that self-renew and differentiate to produce mature blood cells. Here we introduce a general model of hierarchical cell division explaining the particular progression of CML as resulting from the structure of the hematopoietic system. Driver mutations confer a growth advantage to the cells carrying them, for instance, the BCR::ABL1 gene, which also acts as a marker for CML. We investigated the relation of the BCR::ABL1 mutation strength to the hematopoietic stem cell division rate by employing computer simulations and fitting the model parameters to the reported median duration for the chronic and accelerated phases. Our results demonstrate that driver mutations (additional to the BCR::ABL1 mutation) are necessary to explain CML progression if stem cells divide sufficiently slowly. We observed that the number of mutations accumulated by cells at the more differentiated levels of the hierarchy is not affected by driver mutations present in the stem cells. Our results shed light on somatic evolution in a hierarchical tissue and show that the clinical hallmarks of CML progression result from the structural characteristics of blood production.
The thiolation of uridine 34 in tRNA, which controls protein translation, depends on a [4Fe-4S] cluster in the archaeum Methanococcus maripaludis
Authors: Bimai Ornella , Legrand Pierre , Ravanat Jean-Luc , Touati Nadia , Zhou Jingjing , He Nisha , Lénon Marine , Barras Frédéric , Fontecave Marc , Golinelli-Pimpaneau Béatrice
Published: April 2023

Thiolation of uridine 34 in the anticodon loop of several tRNAs is conserved in the three domains of life and guarantees fidelity of protein translation. U34-tRNA thiolation is catalyzed by a complex of two proteins in the eukaryotic cytosol (named Ctu1/Ctu2 in humans), but by a single NcsA enzyme in archaea. We report here spectroscopic and biochemical experiments showing that NcsA from Methanococcus maripaludis (MmNcsA) is a dimer that binds a [4Fe-4S] cluster, which is required for catalysis. Moreover, the crystal structure of MmNcsA at 2.8 Å resolution shows that the [4Fe-4S] cluster is coordinated by three conserved cysteines only, in each monomer. Extra electron density on the fourth nonprotein-bonded iron most likely locates the binding site for a hydrogenosulfide ligand, in agreement with the [4Fe-4S] cluster being used to bind and activate the sulfur atom of the sulfur donor. Comparison of the crystal structure of MmNcsA with the AlphaFold model of the human Ctu1/Ctu2 complex shows a very close superposition of the catalytic site residues, including the cysteines that coordinate the [4Fe-4S] cluster in MmNcsA. We thus propose that the same mechanism for U34-tRNA thiolation, mediated by a [4Fe-4S]-dependent enzyme, operates in archaea and eukaryotes.
Exploring the components and mechanisms of Shen-qi-wang-mo granule in the treatment of retinal vein occlusion by UPLC-Triple TOF MS/MS and network pharmacology
Authors: Zhao Yi , Ma Cui , Qiu Qinghua , Huang Xucong , Qiaolongbatu Xijier , Qu Han , Wu Jiaqi , Fan Guorong , Wu Zhenghua
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to explore the substance basis and mechanisms of Shen-qi-wang-mo Granule (SQWMG), a traditional Chinese medicine prescription that had been clinically utilized to treat retinal vein occlusion (RVO) for 38 years. Components in SQWMG were analyzed by UPLC-Triple-TOF/MS and a total of 63 components were identified with ganoderic acids (GA) being the largest proportion. Potential targets of active components were retrieved from SwissTargetPrediction. RVO-related targets were acquired from related disease databases. Core targets of SQWMG against RVO were acquired by overlapping the above targets. The 66 components (including 5 isomers) and 169 targets were obtained and concluded into a component-target network. Together with biological enrichment analysis of targets, it revealed the crucial role of the “PI3K-Akt signaling pathway”, “MAPK signaling pathway” and their downstream factor iNOS and TNF-α. The 20 key targets of SQWMG in treating RVO were acquired from the network and pathway analysis. The effects of SQWMG on targets and pathways were validated by molecular docking based on AutoDock Vina and qPCR experiment. The molecular docking showed great affinity for these components and targets, especially on ganoderic acids (GA) and alisols (AS), which were both triterpenoids and qPCR exhibited remarkably reduced inflammatory factor gene expression through regulation of these two pathways. Finally, the key components were also identified from rat serum after treatment of SQWMG.
Total fat and omega-3 fatty acids intake in relation to serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and psychological disorders in Iranian adults
Authors: Bahadorpour Sedigheh , Hajhashemy Zahra , Mohammadi Sobhan , Mokhtari Elahe , Heidari Zahra , Saneei Parvane
Published: April 2023

Considering contradictory findings of previous investigations and growing prevalence of psychological disorders, we investigated association between dietary total fat and omega-3 fatty acids intake with serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, depression, anxiety and psychological distress in Iranian adults. Using a multistage cluster random sampling method, 533 middle-aged adults were included in this cross-sectional study. A validated semi-quantitative 168-item food frequency questionnaire was used to examine dietary intakes. A 12-h fasting blood sample was drawn to measure serum BDNF. Serum BDNF values in the first decile were considered low level. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) were used to assess depression, anxiety and psychological distress. A U-shaped relationship between fat intake and prevalence of anxiety and distress was found. The third quartile of fat intake compared to the first quartile was significantly related to 80% decreased odds of depression (OR = 0.20, 95% CI 0.05–0.80), in fully-adjusted model. Participants in the third quartile of fat intake compared to those in the first quartile had significantly 45% lower odds for distress, in the crude model (OR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.33–0.92); however, this association disappeared after considering confounders. There was no significant association between omega-3 fatty acids intake and odds of depression, anxiety or distress. Prevalence of low-BDNF values was higher in participants with depression, as compared to non-depressed subjects (14.9 vs. 9%; P = 0.06). This cross-sectional study illustrated a U-shaped relationship between fat intake and prevalence of anxiety and distress. Moderate intake of fat was related to lower odds of depression. Prevalence of low-BDNF values was slightly higher in subjects with depression compared to non-depressed individuals.
Intensification of strontium (II) ion biosorption on Sargassum sp via response surface methodology
Authors: Soleymani F. , Khani M. H. , Pahlevanzadeh H. , Amini Younes
Published: April 2023

A batch system was employed to investigate the biosorption of strontium (II) on Sargassum sp. The biosorption of strontium on Sargassum sp was studied with response surface methodology to determine the combined effect of temperature, initial metal ion concentration, biomass treatment, biosorbent dosage and pH. Under optimal conditions, the algae's biosorption capacity for strontium (initial pH 7.2, initial strontium concentration 300 mg/l for Mg-treated biomass and biosorbent dosage 0.1 g in 100 mL metal solution) was measured at 103.95 mg/g. In our analysis, equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Results show that the best fit is provided by the Freundlich model. Biosorption dynamics analysis of the experimental data indicated that strontium (II) was absorbed into algal biomass in accordance with the pseudo-second-order kinetics model well.
HX009, a novel BsAb dual targeting PD1 x CD47, demonstrates potent anti-lymphoma activity in preclinical models
Authors: Ke Hang , Zhang Faming , Wang Jingjing , Xiong Lingxin , An Xiaoyu , Tu Xiaolong , Chen Cen , Wang Yueying , Mao Binchen , Guo Sheng , Ju Cunxiang , He Xiangfei , Sun Ruilin , Zhang Lei , O’Connor Owen A. , Li Qi-Xiang
Published: April 2023

Both PD1/PD-L1 and CD47 blockades have demonstrated limited activity in most subtypes of NHL save NK/T-cell lymphoma. The hemotoxicity with anti-CD47 agents in the clinic has been speculated to account for their limitations. Herein we describe a first-in-class and rationally designed bispecific antibody (BsAb), HX009, targeting PD1 and CD47 but with weakened CD47 binding, which selectively hones the BsAb for tumor microenvironment through PD1 interaction, potentially reducing toxicity. In vitro characterization confirmed: (1) Both receptor binding/ligand blockade, with lowered CD47 affinity; (2) functional PD1/CD47 blockades by reporter assays; (3) T-cell activation in Staphylococcal-enterotoxin-B-pretreated PBMC and mixed-lymphocyte-reaction. In vivo modeling demonstrated antitumor activity in Raji-B and Karpass-229-T xenograft lymphomas. In the humanized mouse syngeneic A20 B-lymphoma (huCD47-A20) HuGEMM model, which has quadruple knocked-in hPD1xhPD-L1xhCD47xhSIRPα genes and an intact autologous immune-system, a contribution of effect is demonstrated for each targeted biologic (HX008 targeting PD1 and SIRPα-Fc targeting CD47), which is clearly augmented by the dual targeting with HX009. Lastly, the expression of the immune-checkpoints PD-L1/L2 and CD47 seemed co-regulated among a panel of lymphoma-derived-xenografts, where HX009 maybe more effective in those with upregulated CD47. Our data warrants HX009’s further clinical development for treating NHLs.
Mortality was predicted by depression and functional dependence in a cohort of elderly adults of Italian descent from southern Brazil
Authors: Pessin Emeline , Fuchs Sandra C. , Bruscato Neide M. , Fuchs Felipe C. , Moriguchi Emilio H.
Published: April 2023

The older population has an increasing burden of non-communicable disease, which can potentially be associated with physical and mental disabilities and shorten life spam. To investigate whether depression, loss of functionality for activities of daily living, and lower social support are associated with all-cause mortality in the older population of Italian descent. This population-based cohort study was conducted in Veranópolis, a country city from southern Brazil, among individuals aged 60 years or older. Interviews were performed in a systematic random sampling regarding demographic, socioeconomic, and psychosocial variables, in addition to depression (Geriatric Depression Scale), activities of daily living (Barthel Index), and social support (Medical Outcomes Study scale). In the follow-up, participants were reinterviewed or, in case of death, the next of kin, and hospital records were revised. Hierarchical analysis was used to determine characteristics independently associated with all-cause mortality, using Poisson regression with robust variance, expressed as relative risk with 95% confidence intervals (RR; 95%CI). A total of 997 participants were enrolled and 882 participants completed the study, after 7.24 ± 2.41 years; with 581 remaining alive. The mean age was 73.12 ± 8.03 years, 4% were nonagenarians or centennials, and 62% were women. Symptoms of depression (RR: 1.04; 1.01–1.06) and functional dependence for ADL (RR: 1.00; 0.99–1.00) were associated with all-cause mortality, even after controlling for confounding factors. Lower social support was not associated with mortality (RR: 1.00; 0.99–1.01). Depression and functional dependence are independent predictors of all-cause mortality in the older population from Italian descent.
Impact of trauma teams on high grade liver injury care: a two-decade propensity score approach study in Taiwan
Authors: Tang Wen-Ruei , Wu Chun-Hsien , Yang Tsung-Han , Yen Yi-Ting , Hung Kuo-Shu , Wang Chih-Jung , Shan Yan-Shen
Published: April 2023

High-grade liver laceration is a common injury with bleeding as the main cause of death. Timely resuscitation and hemostasis are keys to the successful management. The impact of in-hospital trauma system on the quality of resuscitation and management in patients with traumatic high-grade liver laceration, however, was rarely reported. We retrospectively reviewed the impact of team-based approach on the quality and outcomes of high-grade traumatic liver laceration in our hospital. Patients with traumatic liver laceration between 2002 and 2020 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW)-adjusted analysis using the propensity score were performed. Outcomes before the trauma team establishment (PTTE) and after the trauma team establishment (TTE) were compared. A total of 270 patients with liver trauma were included. After IPTW adjustment, interval between emergency department arrival and managements was shortened in the TTE group with a median of 11 min (p < 0.001) and 28 min (p < 0.001) in blood test reports and duration to CT scan, respectively. Duration to hemostatic treatments in the TTE group was also shorter by a median of 94 min in patients receiving embolization (p = 0.012) and 50 min in those undergoing surgery (p = 0.021). The TTE group had longer ICU-free days to day 28 (0.0 vs. 19.0 days, p = 0.010). In our study, trauma team approach had a survival benefit for traumatic high-grade liver injury patients with 65% reduction of risk of death within 72 h (Odds ratio (OR) = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.14–0.86) and 55% reduction of risk of in-hospital mortality (OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.23–0.87). A team-based approach might contribute to the survival benefit in patients with traumatic high-grade liver laceration by facilitating patient transfer from outside the hospital, through the diagnostic examination, and to the definitive hemostatic procedures.
PIEZO1 and PECAM1 interact at cell-cell junctions and partner in endothelial force sensing
Authors: Chuntharpursat-Bon Eulashini , Povstyan Oleksandr V. , Ludlow Melanie J. , Carrier David J. , Debant Marjolaine , Shi Jian , Gaunt Hannah J. , Bauer Claudia C. , Curd Alistair , Simon Futers T. , Baxter Paul D. , Peckham Michelle , Muench Stephen P. , Adamson Antony , Humphreys Neil , Tumova Sarka , Bon Robin S. , Cubbon Richard , Lichtenstein Laeticia , Beech David J.
Published: April 2023

Two prominent concepts for the sensing of shear stress by endothelium are the PIEZO1 channel as a mediator of mechanically activated calcium ion entry and the PECAM1 cell adhesion molecule as the apex of a triad with CDH5 and VGFR2. Here, we investigated if there is a relationship. By inserting a non-disruptive tag in native PIEZO1 of mice, we reveal in situ overlap of PIEZO1 with PECAM1. Through reconstitution and high resolution microscopy studies we show that PECAM1 interacts with PIEZO1 and directs it to cell-cell junctions. PECAM1 extracellular N-terminus is critical in this, but a C-terminal intracellular domain linked to shear stress also contributes. CDH5 similarly drives PIEZO1 to junctions but unlike PECAM1 its interaction with PIEZO1 is dynamic, increasing with shear stress. PIEZO1 does not interact with VGFR2. PIEZO1 is required in Ca2+-dependent formation of adherens junctions and associated cytoskeleton, consistent with it conferring force-dependent Ca2+ entry for junctional remodelling. The data suggest a pool of PIEZO1 at cell junctions, the coming together of PIEZO1 and PECAM1 mechanisms and intimate cooperation of PIEZO1 and adhesion molecules in tailoring junctional structure to mechanical requirement.
Long-term depression in neurons involves temporal and ultra-structural dynamics of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate relying on PIP5K, PTEN and PLC
Authors: Hofbrucker-MacKenzie Sarah A. , Seemann Eric , Westermann Martin , Qualmann Britta , Kessels Michael M.
Published: April 2023

Synaptic plasticity involves proper establishment and rearrangement of structural and functional microdomains. Yet, visualization of the underlying lipid cues proved challenging. Applying a combination of rapid cryofixation, membrane freeze-fracturing, immunogold labeling and electron microscopy, we visualize and quantitatively determine the changes and the distribution of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) in the plasma membrane of dendritic spines and subareas thereof at ultra-high resolution. These efforts unravel distinct phases of PIP2 signals during induction of long-term depression (LTD). During the first minutes PIP2 rapidly increases in a PIP5K-dependent manner forming nanoclusters. PTEN contributes to a second phase of PIP2 accumulation. The transiently increased PIP2 signals are restricted to upper and middle spine heads. Finally, PLC-dependent PIP2 degradation provides timely termination of PIP2 cues during LTD induction. Together, this work unravels the spatial and temporal cues set by PIP2 during different phases after LTD induction and dissects the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed PIP2 dynamics.
Formate overflow drives toxic folate trapping in MTHFD1 inhibited cancer cells
Authors: Green Alanna C. , Marttila Petra , Kiweler Nicole , Chalkiadaki Christina , Wiita Elisée , Cookson Victoria , Lesur Antoine , Eiden Kim , Bernardin François , Vallin Karl S. A. , Borhade Sanjay , Long Maeve , Ghahe Elahe Kamali , Jiménez-Alonso Julio J. , Jemth Ann-Sofie , Loseva Olga , Mortusewicz Oliver , Meyers Marianne , Viry Elodie , Johansson Annika I. , Hodek Ondřej , Homan Evert , Bonagas Nadilly , Ramos Louise , Sandberg Lars , Frödin Morten , Moussay Etienne , Slipicevic Ana , Letellier Elisabeth , Paggetti Jérôme , Sørensen Claus Storgaard , Helleday Thomas , Henriksson Martin , Meiser Johannes
Published: April 2023

Cancer cells fuel their increased need for nucleotide supply by upregulating one-carbon (1C) metabolism, including the enzymes methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase–cyclohydrolase 1 and 2 (MTHFD1 and MTHFD2). TH9619 is a potent inhibitor of dehydrogenase and cyclohydrolase activities in both MTHFD1 and MTHFD2, and selectively kills cancer cells. Here, we reveal that, in cells, TH9619 targets nuclear MTHFD2 but does not inhibit mitochondrial MTHFD2. Hence, overflow of formate from mitochondria continues in the presence of TH9619. TH9619 inhibits the activity of MTHFD1 occurring downstream of mitochondrial formate release, leading to the accumulation of 10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate, which we term a ‘folate trap’. This results in thymidylate depletion and death of MTHFD2-expressing cancer cells. This previously uncharacterized folate trapping mechanism is exacerbated by physiological hypoxanthine levels that block the de novo purine synthesis pathway, and additionally prevent 10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate consumption for purine synthesis. The folate trapping mechanism described here for TH9619 differs from other MTHFD1/2 inhibitors and antifolates. Thus, our findings uncover an approach to attack cancer and reveal a regulatory mechanism in 1C metabolism.
Revisiting the roles of dopants in g-C3N4nanostructures for piezo-photocatalytic production of H2O2: a case study of selenium and sulfur
Authors: Tran Dat Do , Vuong Hoai-Thanh , Nguyen Duc-Viet , Ly Pho Phuong , Minh Phan Pham Duc , Khoi Vu Hoang , Mai Phong Thanh , Hieu Nguyen Huu
Published: April 2023

Doping is an efficient technique to regulate and modify the structures of carbon-based materials. In this study, we explored the potential roles of doping precursors in generating H2O2from oxygen and water under piezo-photocatalytic effects.
Fabrication and compatibility evaluation of polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite/collagen-based fiber scaffold for anterior cruciate ligament injury
Authors: Aminatun  , Hanum S. Faika , Izak R. Djoni , Hadi Sofijan , Amrillah Tahta , Che Abdullah Che Azurahanim
Published: April 2023

An ACL scaffold made of polycaprolactone (PCL)–hydroxyapatite (HA) and collagen is fabricated using an electrospinning method.
Resonance/off-resonance excitations: implications on the thermal evolution of Eu3+ photoluminescence
Authors: De Arnab , Hernández-Rodríguez Miguel A. , Carneiro Neto Albano N. , Dwij Vivek , Sathe Vasant , Carlos Luís D. , Ranjan Rajeev
Published: April 2023

The anomalous behaviour of Eu3+ emission quenching on cooling is explained using experimental/theoretical approaches involving off-resonance excitation. Based on this, a highly sensitive CaTiO3:Eu3+,Er3+ phosphor (Sr = 4.9% K−1 at 83 K) was designed.
Realizing near-infrared mechanophosphorescence from an organic host/guest system
Authors: Hao Fei , Wang Hailan , Yu Donghai , Liu Zhenwei , Zhang Tiantian , Shen Mingyao , Yu Tao
Published: April 2023

The first organic NIR mechanophosphorescence material based on the carbazole–Pt(ii)F20TPPL doped system has been synthesized, and its potential application in biomechanical visualization has also been demonstrated.
Cyan-rich sunlight-like spectra from Mn2+-doped CsCd(Cl1−yBry)3perovskites with dual tunable emissions and high stability
Authors: Wen Tianzhuo , Gu Guoxian , Wang Bofei , Zhang Wenjun , Wang Ruihu
Published: April 2023

A cyan-rich single-component white light emitter was obtained by doping cyan and yellow light centers in the CsCdCl3unit cell.
A framework to assess the terrestrial risk of antibiotic resistance from antibiotics in slurry or manure amended soils
Authors: Elder Felicity C. T. , O'Neill Alex J. , Collins Lisa M. , Carter Laura J.
Published: April 2023

Low concentration of antibiotics within the environment are known to select for antibiotic resistance (ABR), a global health and economic threat. This manuscript presents a framework to assess the ABR risk in soils where slurry or manure is applied.
A strategically synthesized arseno-discriminatory tetra-phenoxido hetero-trinuclear complex envisioned for the recognition of iAs and oAs from Oryza sp. and aquatic crustaceans
Authors: Nag Somrita , Pramanik Koushik , Chattopadhyay Mohit Kumar , Malpaharia Pijush , Chandra Swapan K. , Banerjee Priyabrata
Published: April 2023

A heterotrimetallic [MnII(CuII)2(C18H18N2O2)2] complex VBCMERI has been unveiled herein to monitor its synergistic propensity towards aqueous phase As3+ (iAs and oAs) detection.
A phosphorylated zinc finger peptide bearing a gadolinium complex for zinc detection by MRI
Authors: Malikidogo Kyangwi P. , Pallier Agnès , Szeremeta Frédéric , Bonnet Célia S. , Sénèque Olivier
Published: April 2023

The MRI efficacy of the zinc finger peptide is greatly increased upon zinc binding thanks to a combination of reversible binding of phosphoserine to Gd3+ and increased rigidity. This versatile system is highly sensitive to small amino acid changes.