bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fritschiella aquatilis (Chaetophoraceae, Chlorophyta), a new freshwater green algae species from China
Authors: SU HANG , FENG JIA , LV JUN-PING , LIU QI , NAN FANG-RU , XIE SHU-LIAN
Published: February 2019

A new freshwater algal species of Fritschiella aquatilis was found in a freshwater aquarium in China (Shanxi Province), floating on the surface or sinking at the bottom of the water. This new species is characterized by bright-green, globular thallus with hairy morphology, which composed numerous small single celled filamentous branches. Most characteristics are in agreement with description of Fritschiella. But the new species differs from other members in this genus by the particularly aquatic habitat and macroscopic thalli morphology (the only reported Fritschiella tuberosa Iyengar species is terrestrial). Concatenated sequences from 28S rDNA, 18S rDNA, rbcL gene phylogenetic analysis of F. aquatilis to discuss taxonomic status. All phylogenetic trees have yielded a Fritschiella clade included the sequence, and F. aquatilis formed an independent branch evidently distinguished from other species. Comparing with F. tuberosa, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) secondary structure of the new species has some compensatory base changes (CBCs) and hemi-CBCs, especially at the Helix1 and Helix 2 end. Thus, the results of morphological and molecular characteristics support F. aquatilis to be recognized as a new species. This new alga brings the total number of recognized Fritschiella species, and the habitats circumscription of the genus Fritschiella expanded to include terrestrial and aquatic.
First Report and New Freshwater Species of Germainiella (Bacillariophyta) from the Maolan Nature Reserve, Guizhou Province, China
Authors: KOCIOLEK J. P. , YOU Q. M. , LOU F. , YU P. , LOWE R. L. , WANG Q. X.
Published: February 2019

We present light and scanning electron microscopic observations on the valve ultrastructure of 4 species of the genus Germainiella from the Maolan Nature Reserve from Guizhou Province, China.  This is the first report of the genus from China.  The new species differ in the shape and size of the valves, but they all have the large conopeum covering the entire face of the valve.  One species, G. sinica, lacks small tubules running perpendicular to the raphe opening, one of the defining features of the genus, and in having the large conopeum but lacking the tubules resembles another diatom, Fallacia emmae, described from the subantarctic region.  We conclude that Germainiella and Fallacia, as typified by F. pygmaea, are not closely related, but species assigned to Fallacia may be closely related to Germainiella.  A new combination, G. emmae, is proposed.  We discuss the nature of conopea, and other small, finely-structured naviculoid diatoms that might be better placed in Germainiella.  The genus is now recognized to have a total of 7 species, 4 of which are from the Maolan Nature Reserve.
A new species of Peucedanum (Apiaceae) from Korea
Authors: KIM KYEONGHEE , KIM CHAN-SOO , OH SANG-HUN , PARK CHONG-WOOK
Published: February 2019

A new species, Peucedanum chujaense K. Kim, S.-H. Oh, C.-S. Kim & C.-W. Park (Apiaceae), is described and illustrated. The new species distributed in the Chuja Islands off the north coast of Jeju Island in South Korea. It is morphologically similar to P. litorale, but is distinct from the latter in having 2-pinnate leaves (vs. 1-pinnate leaves), conspicuous calyx teeth 0.4–1 mm long (vs. minute calyx teeth 0.1–0.3 mm long), 20–24 (vs. 10–18) flowers per umbellet, seeds oblong (vs. semicircular) in cross section.
Tibiodrepanus tagliaferrii—a new Afrotropical Drepanocerina species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Oniticellini), with notes on phylogeny and distribution of the genus
Authors: BARBERO ENRICO , PALESTRINI CLAUDIA , ROGGERO ANGELA
Published: February 2019

We examined the genera Tibiodrepanus Krikken, 2009 (four Oriental and one Palaearctic species) and Sulcodrepanus Krikken, 2009 (one Afrotropical species), using type specimens and non-type specimens, in order to assess the systematic consistency of the two taxa. Within this framework, we also considered the genera Afrodrepanus Krikken, 2009 (two species) and Drepanocerus Kirby, 1828 (two species) employing sets of traits from external morphology, the genitalia of both sexes and the epipharynx. The genus Cyptochirus Lesne, 1900 was chosen as an outgroup. A new species—Tibiodrepanus tagliaferrii sp. nov.—was described based on four females from Cameroon and Namibia. The phylogenetic analyses confirmed that the Tibiodrepanus and Sulcodrepanus species were closely related, yet it did not support the hypothesis of a generic or subgeneric separation of the two taxa. Hence, we establish Sulcodrepanus as a junior synonym of Tibiodrepanus, new synonymy. The genus Tibiodrepanus shows a disjunct Afrotropical-Oriental (common to many other Drepanocerina genera) and Southeastern Palaearctic (Hindu Kush, Afghanistan) distribution pattern.
A new species of angular-toed gecko, genus Cyrtopodion (Squamata: Gekkonidae), from southern Iran
Authors: AHMADZADEH FARAHAM , FLECKS MORRIS , TORKI FARHANG , BÖHME WOLFGANG
Published: February 2019

We describe a new species of the genus Cyrtopodion from the coastal area of Bushehr Province in southern Iran based on morphometric and pholidotic data. Cyrtopodion kiabii sp. nov. belongs to the agamuroides-group and the key characters to distinguish this species from all other members of the group are the lower number of ventrals and the extremely slender habitus with long and delicate legs. Resulting from pholidosis, the observed presence of sexual dimorphism, and distribution we suggest a close relationship with C. gastropholis, which is also reviewed herein.
Parasitism of Apteropanorpa tasmanica Carpenter (Mecoptera: Apteropanorpidae) by larval Leptus agrotis Southcott (Acari: Erythraeidae) and Willungella rufusanus sp. nov. (Acari: Microtrombidiidae)
Authors: SEEMAN OWEN D. , PALMER CHRISTOPHER M.
Published: February 2019

The Apteropanorpidae is a family of wingless scorpionflies endemic to Tasmania, comprising four described species in the genus Apteropanorpa Carpenter. Intensive field surveys for adult Apteropanorpa conducted from April to May 2002 revealed the presence of ectoparasitic mites, parasitising many individuals of Apteropanorpa tasmanica Carpenter at four localities. Laboratory investigations revealed the presence of one species from each of the Erythraeidae and Microtrombidiidae parasitising adults: Leptus agrotis Southcott and Willungella rufusanus sp. nov., respectively. The larvae of W. rufusanus are described. Laboratory investigations of attachment sites and parasite loads of male and female scorpionflies are described and discussed. Results show neither sex was parasitised more than the other, and that up to four mites parasitised individual scorpionflies, although most adults supported one or two mites. Like many other Leptus species, all L. agrotis larvae attached to sclerites, whereas all W. rufusanus larvae attached to membranous areas. Larval W. rufusanus were predominantly attached to the scorpionfly abdomen; however, larval L. agrotis were more evenly distributed on the scorpionfly body. These data are the first records of parasitism in the Apteropanorpidae, and the first report of parasitism of Mecoptera in Australia. Parasitism of A. tasmanica by W. rufusanus is the first record of a mecopteran as a host for larval microtrombidiine mites. Parasite records for the Mecoptera are summarised.
An index to evaluate the quality of taxonomic publications
Authors: VALDECASAS ANTONIO G.
Published: February 2019

The number of citations is not an adequate measure of taxonomic quality, which is a view that is shared with other scientific disciplines (Seglen1997; Valdecasas et al. 2000; Walter et al. 2003). A recent editorial in Nature claims that “... citations are an unreliable measure of importance" (Anon. 2010: 850) and uses two chemistry papers as an example. The first paper was cited 182 times in the same period that the other paper was cited only 13 times. However, the latter paper is recognized as ‘outstanding’ by the experts from the American Chemical Society, which would not be revealed by the arbitrary counting of citations. Similar examples have evoked critical editorial comments in high-impact journals. In the context of a possible future use of the Impact Factor (IF), the editor of EMBO Reports states:
A new genus and species of hawker dragonfly of uncertain affinities from the Middle Jurassic of China (Odonata: Aeshnoptera)
Authors: LI YONGJUN , NEL ANDRÉ , REN DONG , PANG HONG
Published: February 2019

The new aeshnopteran genus and species Sinocymatophlebiella hasticercus is described from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Inner Mongolia. It shows important similarities with the Jurassic genus Cymatophlebiella from Karatau, suggesting they could belong to the same family, but the latter genus is too poorly known to accurately establish its affinities. The present discovery supports the evolutionary scenario of a Jurassic rapid and massive diversification of the Aeshnoptera, followed by important extinctions during the Late Mesozoic.
Redescriptions of five species of marine peritrichs, Zoothamnium plumula, Zoothamnium nii, Zoothamnium wang, Pseudovorticella bidulphiae, and Pseudovorticella marina (Protista, Ciliophora)
Authors: JI DAODE , SHIN MANN KYOON , CHOI JOONG KI , CLAMP JOHN C. , AL-RASHEID KHALED A. S.
Published: February 2019

The significant similarity of congeners and an accumulation of inaccurate descriptions or misinterpretations in previous studies can make it difficult to separate species of peritrich ciliates from one another. Isolates collected from Chinese coastal waters allowed investigation and redescription of three marine species of peritrichs, Zoothamnium plumula Kahl, 1933, Z. nii Ji et al., 2005 and Z. wangi Ji et al., 2005, emphasizing in particular details of characters observed in vivo, infraciliature and comparisons with morphologically similar congeners. Brief redescriptions based on new material also are provided for two other marine peritrichs, Pseudovorticella bidulphiae (Stiller, 1939) Ji et al., 2009 and P. marina (Greeff, 1870) Ji et al., 2009.
Description and phylogenetic position of a new Willemia species(Collembola: Hypogastruridae) from the littoral coast of Brazil
Authors: D’HAESE CYRILLE A. , THIBAUD JEAN-MARC
Published: February 2019

A new psammobiontic Willemia species from Brazil is described and illustrated: W. zeppelini sp. nov. The phylogeny for all the 43 species of the genus Willemia is proposed comprising the new species and 8 species not included in D'Haese (2000) work. The new species is well defined with a unique Ant. III organ and one hr chaeta per anal valve among other characters. W. zeppelini is sister group to the buddenbrocki-group. An identification key for all known species of the genus is provided.
A new genus and a new species of pygmy mole cricket in Cretaceous amber from Burma (Orthoptera: Tridactylidae)
Authors: CAO CHENG-QUAN , CHEN SHEN-ZHI , YIN ZHAN
Published: February 2019

A new genus and a new species of pygmy mole cricket i.e. Paraxya gen nov. and Paraxya hui sp. nov. are described from Burma Cretaceous amber in this paper. The new genus is allied to Xya Latreille. 1809, but differs from latter by lacking swimming plates at metatibia [Latreille. 1809; Yin et al, 1996; Cao et al, 2017, Cao et al, 2018 and Zhang et al, 2018]. The new genus is also allied to Burmadactylus Heads, 2009, but differs from latter by metatarsus absent and hindwing present, surpassing the end of abdomen distinctly [Heads, 2009]. Type specimen is deposited in the College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614004, China.
A new species of Characella Sollas, 1886 (Tetractinellida; Demospongiae; Porifera) from deeper waters off the coast of Brazil
Authors: DIAS ALAN , SANTOS GEORGE GARCIA , PINHEIRO ULISSES
Published: February 2019

Sponges of the Family Pachastrellidae Carter, 1875 are distributed worldwide and found generally in deep water. Up to date, only four species are known for the Brazilian coast (Muricy 2018): Characella aspera Sollas, 1886, C. capitolii Mothes et al. 2007, C. pachastrelloides (Carter, 1876), and Pachastrella monilifera Schmidt, 1868. In this study, a new species of Characella is described from the mesophotic zone off Bacia Potiguar (Rio Grande do Norte State, Northeastern Brazil). The specimen was preserved in 80% ethanol and deposited in the Porifera Collection of the Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPEPOR). Taxonomic comparisons were made with data tabulated for all species of Characella available in the World Porifera Database (van Soest et al. 2018).
New South American species of Crossopalpus Bigot (Diptera: Hybotidae: Tachydromiinae), including biogeographical insights and a reinterpretation of female abdominal tergite 10 in Drapetidini
Authors: FREITAS-SILVA RAFAEL A. P. , ALE-ROCHA ROSALY
Published: February 2019

Crossopalpus is a rather diverse genus of tachydromiine flies, but regionally the genus is nowhere very speciose. Knowledge on the South American Crossopalpus before this paper included two described species from Andean related habitats, with several biomes from the eastern part of the continent being completely unexplored. Herein, we describe four new species of Crossopalpus from eastern South America, namely: C. albivertex sp. nov., C. aliceae sp. nov., C. goliathus sp. nov., and C. xanthogaster sp. nov. New diagnoses and high quality photographs are made available for C. armipes (Bezzi, 1909) and C. pennescens (Melander, 1918), including some characters used for the first time to distinguish South American species. We provide a key for identification of the six South American species, discussion about the position of Crossopalpus in Drapetidini, and some biogeographical insights including preferred habitats and seasonality of the South American species. We discuss the apparent loss of tergite 10 in females of Drapetidini, introducing a reinterpretation where the sclerite may be present in some genera of the tribe, but fused to the cerci and/or sternite 10.
Attempting to disentangle the relationship between impulsivity and longitudinal self-harm: Epidemiological analysis of UK household survey data
Authors: de Cates Angharad N , Catone Gennaro , Bebbington Paul , Broome Matthew R
Published: February 2019

Background:

Impulsivity may be an important risk factor in terms of future self-harm. However, the extent of this, whether it may relate to self-harm that is new in onset and/or repetition of self-harm, and the detail of any interaction with mood instability (MI) and childhood sexual abuse (CSA) requires detailed examination.

Aims:

We used the 2000 Adult Psychiatry Morbidity Survey and an 18-month follow-up data to test hypotheses relating to the role of impulsivity, CSA and MI in the inception and persistence of self-harm.

Methods:

We assessed associations of impulsivity with (1) suicidal self-harm (SSH) and (2) non-SSH (NSSH) at baseline and follow-up, controlling for confounders including MI. Finally, we tested whether impulsivity mediated the relationship between CSA and self-harm.

Results:

A total of 8,580 respondents were assessed at baseline and 2,406 at follow-up as planned. Impulsivity significantly predicted emergence of new NSSH at 18-month follow-up even after adjustment for MI and other confounders. Impulsivity did not significantly predict repetition of NSSH, or repetition or new inception of SSH, even before inclusion of MI in the model. However, the absolute numbers involved were small. Cross-sectionally, impulsivity was a stronger mediator of the link between CSA and SSH (13.1%) than that between CSA and NSSH (4.8%).

Conclusion:

Impulsivity may increase the risk of future development of NSSH independently of MI, which is clinically important for risk assessment. The involvement of impulsivity in the repetition of self-harm generally appears less certain. However, impulsivity may have a role in SSH in the context of previous CSA.
A new m-xylylene bismaleimide-based high performance resin for vacuum-assisted infusion and resin transfer molding
Authors: Evsyukov Sergey , Klomp-de Boer Ronald , Stenzenberger HD , Pohlmann Tim , Wiel Matthijs ter
Published: February 2019

A novel low-melting, low-viscosity, one-part bismaleimide resin based on m-xylylene bismaleimide has been developed and examined for application in vacuum-assisted resin infusion. The resin is a fully formulated system comprising a ternary eutectic BMI mixture blended with bis-( o-propenylphenoxy)benzophenone and 2,2'-bis(3-allyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane as co-monomers. The resin offers enhanced properties for melt processing techniques. The formulation strategy and chemistry is presented and discussed in detail. For resin infusion and/or resin transfer molding technologies, the melt processing temperature of the resin is in the range of 90–110℃. Processing data of the uncured and mechanical properties of cured neat resin are provided. The resin shows a Tgof 285℃ when post-cured at 250℃ for 6 h. Finally, a 400 × 500 mm2carbon fabric laminate was successfully molded for demonstration by a VARI process. The microscopic study reveals no voids and no laminate surface imperfections. The VARI processing details are presented and discussed.
Celebratory firing leads to serious injuries – a case report
Authors: Puri Puneet , Kumar Shukla Sudhir , Kumar Sarin Rajinder , Prakash Nayak Biswa , Khajuria Himanshu
Published: February 2019

Firearms are extensively used in shooting incidents, functions or for recreational purposes around the world. However, illegal modifications to a firearm can pose a major challenge to the forensic community, as their examination and subsequent individualisation are not always easy when compared to standard firearms due to the non-availability of standard comparison material and the damage caused to the firearm during test firing. We present a case report of unusual firing by an improvised firearm adapted to produce a loud noise during a marriage party. This led to high pressure inside the barrel, damaging the extractor assembly of the rifle and caused serious injuries to bystanders. An expert must be aware of all usual and unusual results of firings. In this case, an unusual method of firing two bullets shows the generation of high pressure inside the barrel causing the barrel and extractor assembly to break and act as secondary projectile. These cases need thorough investigation and careful observation to achieve positive outcomes.
Reduction of PTSD in South African University Students Using Transcendental Meditation Practice
Authors: Bandy Carole L. , Dillbeck Michael C. , Sezibera Vincent , Taljaard Lian , Wilks Mirah , Shapiro David , de Reuck Jody , Peycke Richard
Published: February 2019

A study was conducted on South African college students using the Transcendental Meditation technique to reduce posttraumatic stress disorder. Students meeting the criteria for possible posttraumatic stress disorder were included. Thirty-four students at the experimental university in South Africa clinically diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder were instructed in and practiced the Transcendental Meditation technique twice daily compared to 34 diagnosed posttraumatic stress disorder comparison students at the comparison university. The multivariate effect was significant for both the posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology and depression. Results were significantly associated with regularity of practice. The study replicates recent findings and offers an alternative educational treatment for higher education.
Surgery for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Obese Children: Literature Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Scheffler Patrick , Wolter Nikolaus E. , Narang Indra , Amin Reshma , Holler Theresa , Ishman Stacey L. , Propst Evan J.
Published: February 2019

Objectives

Surgical intervention for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in overweight and obese children may not be as effective as it is in normal‐weight children. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the effects of various surgical interventions for OSA in obese children and to meta‐analyze the current data.

Data Sources

PubMed, OVID, and Cochrane databases.

Review Methods

Databases were searched for studies examining adenotonsillectomy, uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, supraglottoplasty, or tongue base surgeries and combinations in obese children with OSA. Adenotonsillectomy was the only procedure with enough data for meta‐analysis; polysomnographic data were extracted and analyzed using a random‐effects model.

Results

For adenotonsillectomy, 11 studies were included in the meta‐analysis. Despite significant improvement in the apnea‐hypopnea index (22.9 to 8.1 events/h, P <. 001), respiratory disturbance index (24.8 to 10.4 events/h, P <. 001), and oxygen saturation nadir (78.4% to 87.0%, P <. 001), rates of persistent OSA ranged from 51% to 66%, depending on the outcome criterion used. There was evidence of limited effectiveness for surgical interventions to treat OSA in obese children using uvulopalatoplasty (12.5%) and tongue base surgery (74%‐88%).

Conclusions

Surgical interventions for OSA in overweight and obese children are effective at reducing OSA but with higher rates of persistent OSA than reported for normal‐weight children. However, the amount of reduction appears to vary by surgical procedure. More attention should be paid toward preoperative weight loss and patient selection, and parents should be provided with realistic postoperative expectations in this difficult‐to‐treat population.
What Affects Postoperative Sinusitis and Implant Failure after Dental Implant: A Meta‐analysis
Authors: Kim Jong Seung , Choi Sang Moon , Yoon Ji Hyun , Lee Eun Jung , Yoon Jin , Kwon Sam Hyun , Yeo Cha Dong , Ryu Ji Seob , Lee Jong Hwan , You Yeon Seok , Kim Su Geun , Lee Min Hee , Han Baek Hwa
Published: February 2019

Objective

The dental implant is an innovative instrument that enables the edentulous patient to chew. Many factors have a bearing on the success of dental implantation. There are also many complications after dental implantation. In this meta‐analysis, we investigated which factors increase the risk of postoperative sinusitis and implant failure after dental implant for the first time.

Data Sources

Included data were searched through the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and 2 authors (J.S.K., S.H.K.) independently extracted data by multiple observers.

Review Methods

We used a random‐effects model considering the variation between and within the included studies.

Results

Twenty‐seven studies were included in our final meta‐analysis. The proportion of postoperative sinusitis, perforation of the sinus membrane, and implant failure was 0.05 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.04‐0.07), 0.17 (95% CI, 0.13‐0.22), and 0.05 (95% CI, 0.04‐0.07), respectively, using the single proportion test. The only factors that affected postoperative sinusitis were preoperative sinusitis and intraoperative perforation of the Schneiderian membrane (P <. 01 and P <. 01, respectively). The only factors that affected dental implant failure were smoking and residual bone height of the maxilla (P <. 05 and P <. 01, respectively).

Conclusions

Two factors affect postoperative sinusitis after implant surgery: preoperative sinusitis and Schneiderian membrane rupture. It should also be noted that the factors affecting implant failure are residual bone height and smoking. These findings will have a significant impact on the counseling and treatment policy of patients who receive dental implants.
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Reinnervation in Rats Posttransection: Neurotrophic Factor Expression over Time
Authors: Montalbano Michael B. , Hernández‐Morato Ignacio , Tian Likun , Yu Victoria X. , Dodhia Sonam , Martinez Jose , Pitman Michael J.
Published: February 2019

Objective

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury causes vocal fold paralysis from which functional recovery is typically absent due to nonselective reinnervation. This study investigates expression of axon guidance cues and their modulators relative to the chronology of reinnervation by examining the expression of glial‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), netrin 1, and laminin 111 (LAMA1) in nonpooled laryngeal muscles. This study is the first to describe the post‐RLN injury expression pattern of LAMA1, a target of particular interest as it has been shown to switch netrin 1–mediated growth cone attraction to repulsion.

Study Design

Animal experiment (rat model).

Setting

Basic science laboratory.

Methods

The right RLNs of 64 female Sprague‐Dawley rats were transected, with sacrifice at 1, 3, 7, 21, 28, and 56 days postinjury (DPI). Single‐animal messenger RNA was isolated from the ipsilateral posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA), lateral thyroarytenoid (LTA), and medial thyroarytenoid (MTA) for quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) analysis. Immunostaining for LAMA1 expression was performed in the same muscles.

Results

LAMA1 was elevated in the PCA at 3 to 56 DPI, LTA at 7 DPI, and MTA at 14 and 28 DPI. This correlates with the chronology of laryngeal reinnervation. Using a new protocol, single‐animal muscle qRT‐PCR possible and expression results for GDNF and netrin 1 were similar to previous pooled investigations.

Conclusion

Reliable qRT‐PCR is possible with single rat laryngeal muscles. The expression of netrin 1 and LAMA1 is chronologically coordinated with muscle innervation in the LTA and MTA. This suggests that LAMA1 may influence netrin 1 to repel axons and delay LTA and MTA reinnervation.
Digital storymaking: Dramatherapy with young people online
Authors: Millbrook Alyssa
Published: February 2019

The Internet has become thoroughly embedded into most aspects of modern life, and no one is more plugged-in than the youngest generations. With the aim of utilising the omnipresence of the digital space to therapeutic ends, this article examines the application of online storymaking interventions with adolescents. The young people discussed are quite isolated and high-need; they have self-excluded from mainstream school and are now pursuing education in an alternative online provision, where they also have access to therapy. Following an overview of the current literature on web-based therapies, this article offers two illustrative case studies in which a story-based dramatherapy intervention was delivered online. This will include an evaluation of the therapeutic work from the case studies using the BASIC Ph assessment method, as well as a broader discussion on the experience of working as a therapist online.
When labeling L2 users as nativelike or not, consider classification errors
Authors: Vanhove Jan
Published: February 2019

Researchers commonly estimate the prevalence of nativelikeness among second-language learners by assessing how many of them perform similarly to a sample of native speakers on one or several linguistic tasks. Even when the native (L1) samples and second-language (L2) samples are comparable in terms of age, socio-economic status, educational background and the like, these nativelikeness estimates are difficult to interpret theoretically. This is so because it is not known how often other native speakers would be labeled as non-nativelike if judged by the same standards: if some other native speakers were to be labeled as non-nativelike, then it is possible that some second-language learners that were categorized as non-nativelike are actually nativelike. Two methods for estimating the classification error rate in nativelikeness categorizations – one conceptually straightforward but practically arduous, and one involving the re-analysis of the original studies’ data – are proposed. These approaches underscore that, even if one conceives of nativelikeness as a binary category (nativelike vs. non-nativelike), the data collected in any given study may not allow for such neat categorizations.
Value of diffusion-weighted imaging combined with conventional magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of thecomas and their differential diagnosis with adult granulosa cell tumors
Authors: Fang Mengshi , Dong Jiangning , Zhong Qun , Fang Xin , Chen Yulan , Wang Chuanbin , Yan Hong
Published: February 2019

Background

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a significant method of identifying ovarian tumors, when combined with certain functional imaging techniques that have been considered to be more accurate.

Purpose

Our study aims to determine the value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) combined with MRI in the diagnosis of thecomas and adult ovarian granulosa cell tumors (GCTs).

Material and Methods

In total, this study included 10 patients with thecomas and nine with adult GCTs. We analyzed the clinical characteristics, conventional MRI, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of two groups. The methods of statistical analysis were univariate analysis and the receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results

According to T2-weighted imaging of the solid region of the mass, 80% (8/10) of thecomas showed slightly hypointense or mixed signals, but all adult GCTs showed slightly hyperintense signals. The two groups exhibited statistically significant differences ( P < 0.05) in morphology; presence of bleeding; the longest diameter of the cystic region; the ADC value; and the enhancement degrees of the venous and delayed periods. The mean ADC value for the thecoma group (1.30 ± 0.25 × 10−3mm2/s) was greater than that for adult GCT group (0.87 ± 0.28 × 10−3mm2/s) ( P < 0.05), and the cut-off value was 1.055 × 10−3mm2/s (AUC = 0.900, 95% CI = 0.675–0.989).

Conclusion

The combination of DWI and conventional MRI is of great value in the diagnosis of thecomas and their differential diagnosis with adult GCTs.
“Presenting Our Perspective”: Recontextualizing Youths’ Experiences of Hypercriminalization Through Media Production
Authors: Smirnov Natalia , Lam Wan Shun Eva
Published: February 2019

In this study, we examine how youth use media production to represent, (de)legitimate, and reimagine their experiences of hypercriminalization—the pervasive complex of social practices such as racial profiling that position young men of color as “always-already criminal.” We analyze two clips from a youth-produced news show called POPPYN, specifically a 2014 episode focusing on youth and the criminal justice system, using tools from recontextualization analysis and multimodal semiotics, which together allow us to index the substitutions, deletions, rearrangements, and additions of component elements of social practices. Through investigation of linguistic and multimodal processes that represent social actors, actions, and constructions of their legitimacy, this study demonstrates ways that media making can serve as a tool for youth of color to process and rewrite persistent hypercriminalizing positionings in more agentive and hopeful ways. We end by proposing implications for multimodal literacy practices and pedagogies.
A new strategy for hunting alarm and stability evaluation for railway vehicles based on nonlinear dynamics analysis
Authors: Zeng Yuanchen , Zhang Weihua , Song Dongli
Published: February 2019

Due to the rapid development of high-speed railways, there is an extensive need for the condition monitoring of the stability of vehicles. Considering the weakness of the current alarm standards, a new index is introduced for describing the periodicity of the state variable series in the nonlinear dynamics system, and a new guideline – based on the proportion distribution of the index – is proposed for detecting the hunting and for evaluating the stability performance in both the space and time domains. Then, the selection of algorithm parameters is conducted and the generalization ability is validated; a number of simulations and tests are applied to further verify its effectiveness. The advantages of this new method, such as an accurate alarm for hunting motions, evaluation of vehicle dynamics, robustness and feasibility of the real time application, are highlighted. This method can further contribute to the prognostic and health management of railway vehicles through early warning and condition assessment.
Experimental Characterisation of Thin Sandwich Panel of Polymer Composite
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Kumar Axay , Kar Kamal K. , Ramkumar J.
Published: February 2019

A thin sandwich panel using 3 mm coremat and FRP skins of glassfibre chopped strand mat – epoxy was constructed through the hand lay-up technique. This kind of sandwich structure might replace a mild steel sheet enclosure used in many appliances and machines including auto bodies. The sandwich panels were characterized with three kinds of experimental investigation to find (i) flexural stiffness (ii) in-plane shear strength and (iii) impact-induced-damage by a low velocity foreign object. In comparison to mild steel, the sandwich panels were lighter with considerable saving in weight, the static strength was found to be attractively higher, flexural stiffness was better, and in-plane strength was reasonable. The impact-induced-damage and their mechanism of failure of these sandwich panels is also studied.
SMA-Coated Aluminum Structural Elements with Enhanced-Thermo-Mechanical Performance
Authors: Exarchos D.A. , Dalla P.T. , Tragazikis I.K. , Dassios K.G. , De Crescenzo C. , Karatza D. , Musmarra D. , Chianese S. , Matikas T.E.
Published: February 2019

This work presents the development of novel multifunctional Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) coatings aiming to improve the mechanical behavior of structural components, as well as their corrosion resistance. The groundbreaking concept of the new coating material is described briefly as follows: Upon heating, the SMA coating tends to recover its experienced deformation and return to its original shape. At that point, shear forces developing at the interface between coating and structure are expected to mitigate the deformation of the structure and reduce its overall stress field level. The latter is a great benefit for regions where cracks exist, since the local reduction of the stress field will delay the crack propagation and hence the structural failure.

Numerical analysis is performed to gain understanding of the expected thermomechanical response of the entire SMA-coated composite structure. The influence of the alloy composition and precipitates on the thermomechanical properties are also examined. The SMA coating is subjected to appropriate processing conditions and deposited on metallic substrates of proper geometry following a custom-designed two-phase process, which enables beneficial shape recovery enabling the efficient mitigation of the structure's deformation. Processing consists of aging heat treatments, which are of paramount importance for endowing the coating with the shape memory effect. The effect of heat treatment conditions on the thermo-mechanical fatigue response of the material was also characterized. The developed SMA coatings on aluminum structural elements can find significant application in aeronautical engineering, as for example in the aircraft wing box structure reinforcement and the fuselage structure to enhance their structural integrity.
A Study of the Materials Removal Mechanism of Grinding-Aided Electrochemical Discharge Machining of Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Liu Jiangwen , Lin Zhibiao , Guo Zhongning , Jiang Shuzhen , Yue Taiman , Chen Xiaolei
Published: February 2019

In order to research the workpiece materials removal mechanism of Grinding-assisted Electro-chemical Discharge Machining(G-ECDM) of Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs), a good deal of single pulse experiments has been performed in this paper. The crater volume, convex edge, debris, machined surface of G-ECDM have been taken into considerationand it turns out to be that the grinding effect removes the convex edge of the Electro-chemical Discharge Machining (ECDM) crater during the machining of MMCs, the result show that the material removal rate (MRR) of G-ECDM is much higher than that of ECDM and Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM). When compared to the normal ECDM process, it is found that though the Al4C3 phase can be detected in this ECDM condition, no Al4C3 are observed in the processed surface, which indicates a better surface quality. The reason of this phenomenonhas been analyzed theoretically and experimentally. Based on these results, mechanism of the G-ECDM of MMCs was disclosed in this study.
Silver Nanoparticle-Deposited Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticle as Fillers for Epoxy Composites with High Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Huang Tao , Yao Yimin , Zhang Gang , Meng Fanling
Published: February 2019

With the development of polymer-filled composites, the demand of high thermal conductivity materials is much attractive than ever. However, the process of a common method to improve thermal conductivity of composites is considerably complicated. The aim of this study is to investigate thermal conductivity of epoxy filled silver nanoparticle deposited aluminum nitride nanoparticles with relatively convenient process. We found that the thermal conductivities of composites filled with AlN/Ag nanoparticles are effectively enhanced, which is enormously increased from 0.48 Wm-1K-1(1.88 vol%) to 3.66 Wm-1K-1 (19.54 vol%). This can be ascribed to the bridging connections of silver nanoparticle among aluminum nitride nanoparticles. In addition, the thermal contact resistance of the epoxy composites filler with AlN/Ag nanoparticles is decreased, which is proved by the fitting measured thermal conductivity of epoxy composite with one physical model. We believe the finding has great potential for any microelectronic application.
Perceptions of students and employers regarding employability skills for entry-level positions in marketing and sales
Authors: Chowdhury Tamgid A , Miah Mohammad K
Published: February 2019

This study devised a 20-item, six-dimensional Employability Skills Index for entry-level jobs in marketing and sales based on the perceptions of students, and a second, 22-item, six-dimensional Employability Skills Index based on the perceptions of employers. Both indexes demonstrated sound reliability, and we presented initial support for the validity of the scales. The study was based on 418 and 973 survey responses collected from Bangladeshi corporate managers and university students, respectively. The study revealed substantial differences in opinions between employers and students on employability skills required for entry-level marketing and sales positions. Managers prioritized skills such as planning, organizing ability, experience, professionalism, type of major courses taken, and positive attitude towards work. On the other hand, students prioritized skills such as commitment to the organization, commitment to the job area, complex problem-solving skills, internship in a relevant field, critical thinking ability, and basic knowledge of selling.
Kindness in career development interventions
Authors: Pulsford Lila
Published: February 2019

Philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau once asked: what wisdom can you find that is greater than kindness? This article explores whether career practitioners might need to ask themselves the same rhetorical question in relation to career practice. Career development consultations that explicitly aim to focus on offering kindness might be a welcome change for practitioners well versed in extolling the oft-cited career competencies of developing resilience and remaining open to opportunities. This study indicates a need for increased focus on the provision of kindness in career development and suggests practical interventions that career practitioners can utilise.
Aero-structural optimization and analysis of a camber-morphing flying wing: Structural and wind tunnel testing
Authors: Keidel Dominic , Molinari Giulio , Ermanni Paolo
Published: February 2019

This article presents the design, optimization and performance assessment of a novel structure-actuation morphing concept for a flying wing, enabling the flight control for straight flight and around the pitch and roll axes. The applied camber-morphing concept utilizes an optimized selectively compliant internal structure, combined with electromechanical actuators to achieve a trailing edge deflection. These deflections lead to variations of the local and global lift, permitting to control the flight of the aircraft. The aero-structural behaviour of the wing is analysed using a coupled three-dimensional aerodynamic and structural simulation tool. An optimization of the planform, aerodynamic shape, internal structure and actuation parameters is performed to attain a longitudinally stable and aerodynamically efficient flying wing. The drag increment caused by morphing is minimized through the numerical optimization, resulting in high aerodynamic efficiency across a range of flight speeds. The stiffness and morphing capabilities of the manufactured wing are characterized experimentally and are compared with the numerical predictions, and the aerodynamic and aeroelastic behaviour of the wing is investigated through wind tunnel tests. The test results indicate the ability of the flying wing to achieve sufficient variations in lift, roll and pitch to control the flight completely through camber morphing.
Effects of mean shear stress on the torsional fatigue strength of a spring steel with small scratches
Authors: Nishimura Y , Yanase K , Tanaka Y , Miyamoto N , Miyakawa S , Endo M
Published: February 2019

The torsional fatigue behavior of a high-strength spring steel, SWOSC-V, was investigated. Of particular interest were the influences of small scratches and superimposed static shear stress in the very high cycle fatigue regime. To achieve the research objectives, an ultrasonic torsional fatigue testing machine was developed. S-Ncurves showed the fatigue limit for the tested material condition (i.e. with no residual stresses at specimen surface). This study revealed that a notable influence of the stress ratio, R, on the torsional fatigue behavior was not explicitly recognized. Concerning the influence of small scratches, it was found that the [Formula: see text]-parameter model can predict the lower bound of the torsional fatigue limit, irrespective of the value of R.
Vibration suppression of a viscoelastic isolation system by nonlinear integral resonant controller
Authors: Huang Dongmei , Zhou Shengxi , Li Wei
Published: February 2019

The nonlinear integral resonant controller (NIRC) is implemented and analyzed to control the vibration of a viscoelastic isolation system under harmonic excitation. The NIRC consists of a first-order resonant integrator, which provides additional damping in the closed-loop system to reduce the high-amplitude vibration near the resonance frequency. The method of multiple scales is applied to analytically find the relationship of the amplitude–frequency response of the viscoelastic isolation system. Besides, the equation of the backbone curve satisfied is derived. Meanwhile, the suppression performance is verified based on time-domain analysis. It is found that the NIRC can effectively suppress vibration and improve stability of the viscoelastic isolation system. Furthermore, the influence of the detuning parameters, the real-power exponent, the viscoelastic damping, and the external excitation amplitude on the stability regions is investigated. Overall, the vibration reduction mechanism of the NIRC on the viscoelastic isolation system is revealed.
Quasi-static indentation and impact in glass-fibre reinforced polymer sandwich panels for civil and ocean engineering applications
Authors: Garrido M , Teixeira R , Correia JR , Sutherland LS
Published: February 2019

Sandwich structures comprising glass-fibre reinforced polymer faces and low-density core constitute an efficient and versatile constructive system for civil and ocean engineering structures. However, being multilayered with relatively soft core materials, they are particularly susceptible to damage under concentrated loads. Whilst numerous studies exist on the indentation and impact behaviour of sandwich composites, the great majority considers the thin-skinned laminates used by the aeronautical industry. To mitigate the lack of studies on the significantly thicker and more robust civil and ocean engineering sandwich laminates, the quasi-static indentation and low-velocity impact behaviour of such panels is experimentally studied. Three types of core materials (polyurethane and polyethylene terephthalate foams and end-grain balsa) and five different indenters, of varying shape (hemispherical versus flat) and diameter (10, 20 and 30 mm), are considered. Flat and larger indenters required higher loads and energies for first damage and perforation. The first damage and peak resistance values of the polyethylene terephthalate panels were, respectively, 15 and 8% higher than in the polyurethane panels; for the balsa panels, such figures were 20 and 10%. The polyurethane panels showed the highest energy absorption capacity. Predictions of first damage resistance given by two analytical models (for flat and hemispherical indenters) were assessed against the gathered experimental data. The obtained predictions were reasonably accurate, but indicate a need for further calibration, mainly concerning the effects of core material.
Neoadjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer as a Model for Translational Research
Authors: Selli Cigdem , Sims Andrew H
Published: February 2019

Neoadjuvant therapy, where patients receive systemic therapy before surgical removal of the tumour, can downstage tumours allowing breast-conserving surgery, rather than mastectomy. In addition to its impact on surgery, the neoadjuvant setting offers a valuable opportunity to monitor individual tumour response. The effectiveness of standard and/or potential new therapies can be tested in the neoadjuvant pre-surgical setting. It can potentially help to identify markers differentiating patients that will potentially benefit from continuing with the same or a different adjuvant treatment enabling personalised treatment. Characterising the molecular response to treatment over time can more accurately identify the significant differences between baseline samples that would not be identified without post-treatment samples. In this review, we discuss the potential and challenges of using the neoadjuvant setting in translational breast cancer research, considering the implications for improving our understanding of response to treatment, predicting therapy benefit, modelling breast cancer dormancy, and the development of drug resistance.
‘I think in some way you’re afraid to lose your dignity maybe’: Exploring Danish girls’ concerns in relation to sexual activity
Authors: Johansen Katrine Bindesbøl Holm , Pedersen Bodil Maria , Tjørnhøj-Thomsen Tine
Published: February 2019

This article explores the issue of girls’ concerns about sexual activity in a liberal Nordic context. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork among young people in Denmark, the article identifies three types of concerns girls can have about sexual activity: social expectations, relational expectations and dignity. Whilst contemporary research has tended to focus on the influence different sexual morality discourses have in shaping different expectations and concerns about these, little attention seems to be paid to girls’ normative concerns about sex related to well-being. This article sheds light on how these normative concerns are related to girls’ sense of dignity based on Andrew Sayer’s work on dignity and moral sentiments. Finally, the article argues that tension between sexual morality discourses and moral sentiments may be the source of resistance that girls practise with a new ‘fuckboy’ discourse.