bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chapter 5: Physical Education Teacher Education Faculty: A Focus on Social Justice
Authors: Mitchell Murray F. , Sutherland Sue , Walton-Fisette Jennifer
Published: May 2021

Neglecting to adapt physical education programs, or resisting and worse ignoring the changing needs of students has created an environment where the reproduction of inequities prevails. An examination of the role physical education teacher education faculty in the physical education system begins with consideration of eight key factors that influence their performance: (a) society, (b) higher education institutions, (c) PK–12 schools, (d) PK–12 and preservice student teachers (PST) students, (e) the purpose of physical education, (f) kinesiology, (g) professional associations, and (h) personal life circumstances. The authors draw attention to lessons learned and future directions tied to these eight influences. A critical reflection on social identity and how it influences practice is provided with suggestions on how to begin this work. Undertaking a program equity audit is discussed as a tool to highlight areas within physical education teacher education programs that influence socially just and equitable practice. Engaging in self-study (either individually, collaboratively, or programmatically) is suggested as a means to explore pedagogical practices or programmatic decisions that promote socially just and equitable physical education teacher education and physical education. Attention to policy engagement at the local, state, and national levels is noted as a potentially powerful contribution to change.
Movements of Mycoplasma mobile Gliding Machinery Detected by High-Speed Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Kobayashi Kohei , Kodera Noriyuki , Kasai Taishi , Tahara Yuhei O. , Toyonaga Takuma , Mizutani Masaki , Fujiwara Ikuko , Ando Toshio , Miyata Makoto
Published: May 2021

The
Mycoplasma
genus contains bacteria generally parasitic to animals and plants. Some
Mycoplasma
species form a protrusion at a pole, bind to solid surfaces, and glide by a special mechanism linked to their infection and survival.
Genetic Variation in PFKFB3 Impairs Antifungal Immunometabolic Responses and Predisposes to Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Authors: Gonçalves Samuel M. , Antunes Daniela , Leite Luis , Mercier Toine , Horst Rob ter , Vieira Joana , Espada Eduardo , Pinho Vaz Carlos , Branca Rosa , Campilho Fernando , Freitas Fátima , Ligeiro Dário , Marques António , van de Veerdonk Frank L. , Joosten Leo A. B. , Lagrou Katrien , Maertens Johan , Netea Mihai G. , Lacerda João F. , Campos António , Cunha Cristina , Carvalho Agostinho
Published: May 2021

The fungal pathogen
Aspergillus fumigatus
can cause severe and life-threatening forms of infection in immunocompromised patients. Activation of glycolysis is essential for innate immune cells to mount effective antifungal responses.
Metastatic pancreatic cancer with complete response to FOLFIRINOX treatment
Authors: Shelemey Paige T , Amaro Carla P , Ng Danny , Falck Vincent , Tam Vincent C
Published: May 2021

A 59-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain associated with nausea and night sweats. A large mass was found in the pancreatic tail and innumerable liver lesions were identified. Ultrasound-guided biopsy of a liver nodule confirmed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma consistent with a pancreatobiliary primary. On FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy, subsequent CT scans showed shrinkage of the pancreatic mass and liver metastases. Her cancer antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) normalised after 11 months. Oxaliplatin was discontinued due to peripheral neuropathy but she completed 37 cycles of FOLFIRI during which her pancreatic mass disappeared, liver lesions decreased in size and were subsequently deemed to be scar tissue by the radiologist. After 4 years of treatment, the patient agreed to a break from chemotherapy. Eighteen months afterwards, an MRI abdomen continues to demonstrate no visible pancreatic mass and the two remaining liver lesions, believed to be scar tissue, remain stable. Her CA 19-9 level remains normal. This appears to be a complete response to FOLFIRINOX/FOLFIRI chemotherapy in a patient with metastatic pancreatic cancer.
Eye: the door to undiagnosed chronic myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Gawas Lisika , Sahoo Nibedita , Khalsa Ashish , Kelgaonkar Anup
Published: May 2021

Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm that can present in varied ways from incidental finding on haemogram to symptomatic presentation such as splenomegaly. We report an interesting case of a 22-year-old man who presented with loss of vision in right eye for 1 month. There were no pre-existing ocular or systemic diseases. On detailed ocular examination, a diagnosis of right eye rubeosis iridis, hyphaema, cataract and vitreous haemorrhage with left eye suspected leukaemic retinopathy was made. Routine haemogram revealed high leucocytosis. Systemic evaluation with investigations confirmed the diagnosis of CML and the patient was started on appropriate therapy.
Carotid artery dissection: a case of recurrence
Authors: Srinivas Pratiksha , Nwosu Joel , Foy-Yamah Aloaye , Ejohwomu Clement Okiemute
Published: May 2021

A 53-year-old healthy man with history of left internal carotid artery dissection in 2006 presented with right-sided facial pain with paraesthesia associated with taste and speech disturbances. A CT angiogram was done without further delay considering the patient’s history of dissection, and revealed a non-occlusive right-sided internal carotid artery dissection at the skull base level. The neurologist, neurosurgeons and stroke team were involved in the care, and the patient was immediately moved to a tertiary hospital for further intervention. Brain MRI and magnetic resonance angiography did not reveal further progression of the dissection and the patient was therefore medically managed.
Bilateral severe microphthalmos with bilateral colobomatus orbitopalpebral cyst: accessibility of speciality eye-care and rehabilitation services in low and middle-income countries
Authors: Suman Suwarna , Kumar Arushi , Rathod Hement Uttamraw , Yadav Taruna
Published: May 2021

A 12-year-old girl presented with an unusually large mass under the right lower eyelid and a smaller mass under the left lower lid since the last 6 months. The parents had noticed the absence of the right eyeball and a very small left eyeball and no vision in both eyes since birth but did not approach the healthcare system. The patient was diagnosed as a case of bilateral severe microphthalmos with colobomatous cyst with late presentation and was treated surgically. The parents were counselled for education and training of the child in schools for visually impaired. Early treatment and rehabilitation help patients lead a normal life in these cases. In rural areas, patients face challenges in getting access to the specialty eye-care services due to several barriers, including lack of availability and affordability. This case highlights the disparities in essential health services in low and middle-income countries.
Rare case of Terson’s syndrome and viral retinitis due to dengue haemorrhagic fever in an infant
Authors: Belenje Akash , Bose Rupali , Jalali Subhadra
Published: May 2021

Dengue haemorrhagic fever with consequent thrombocytopaenia can lead to intracranial haemorrhage and Terson’s syndrome that can lead to visual problems. Simultaneously, the dengue virus can cause typical viral retinitis like picture in the eye. Early funduscopy and vision assessment is desirable in all dengue patients. In our case, an infant with dengue haemorrhagic fever and intracranial haemorrhage developed not only simultaneous bilateral vitreous and subinternal limiting membrane haemorrhage due to Terson’s syndrome from the indirect effect of thrombocytopaenia but also typical chorioretinitis possibly due to the direct effect of the virus on the retina. The vitreoretinal surgical outcome was satisfactory in this case.
Xerophthalmia due to vitamin A deficiency following Frey’s procedure for chronic calcific pancreatitis
Authors: Sharma Supriya , Murthy Somasheila I , Bhate Manjushree , Rathi Varsha
Published: May 2021

We report a rare presentation of xerophthalmia due to partial pancreatic exocrine insufficiency following Frey’s surgery (pancreatic resection) in a 12-year-old girl. The child had undergone this surgery for chronic calcific pancreatitis 3 years before and presented with ocular irritation and decreased vision of 3 months duration. Ocular examination showed severe conjunctival and corneal xerosis. Her serum retinol levels and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were tested and were extremely low. The condition rapidly reversed following high-dose replacement therapy with vitamin A and D. This case highlights the importance of continuous enzyme replacement therapy as well as dietary modification and nutritional supplement therapy and monitoring of ocular symptoms in post-pancreatic surgery.
Interesting case of allergic broncho pulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) with high-attenuation mucus (HAM)
Authors: Bhatt Ritisha , Ghosh Soumitra , Handa Neha , Tale Sudheer
Published: May 2021

A 25-year-old man, who was taking treatment for his poorly controlled asthma, presented with symptoms of cough with expectoration, gradually progressive shortness of breath, fever on and off and diffuse wheeze for 2 years. Chest X-ray revealed hyperinflation of lung field with dense opacification at right upper lobe. High-resolution CT chest showed bilateral patchy consolidation, central bronchiectasis and high-attenuation mucus (HAM) impaction. His blood absolute eosinophil count, total serum IgE level,Aspergillus fumigatusspecific IgE and IgG level were 1910, 16760 kU/L, 59.8 kU/L and 147.41 kU/L, respectively. Diagnosis of allergic broncho pulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) was established according to International Society for Human and Animal Mycology society guidelines. He was started on systemic steroids and doing well after 6 months of follow-up. Our case illustrates HAM, which is a rare but typical radiological feature of ABPA.
Novel disease-causing variant in RDH12 presenting with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Muthiah Manickam Nick , Kalitzeos Angelos , Oprych Kate , Singh Navjit , Georgiou Michalis , Wright Genevieve Ann , Robson Anthony G , Arno Gavin , Khan Kamron , Michaelides Michel
Published: May 2021

Aim

To describe the clinical and molecular features of a novel, autosomal dominant RDH12-retinopathy.

Methods

Retrospective cross-sectional study. Twelve individuals from a four-generation British pedigree underwent ophthalmic examination, genotyping using next generation sequencing, including whole genome sequencing and multimodal retinal imaging including fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), autofluorescence imaging and adaptive optics (AO) scanning light ophthalmoscopy were performed. Visual electrophysiology was performed in a subset.

Results

Eight family members were confirmed as affected by genotyping heterozygous for RDH12 c.763delG. Visual acuity ranged from −0.1 to 0.2 logMAR. Affected individuals had constricted visual fields. A parafoveal and peripapillary ring of hyper-autofluorescence was seen initially, and with progression the area of perifoveal hypo-autofluorescence increased to involve the parafoveal area. Mild retinal thinning was identified on OCT imaging with reduction in both foveal total retinal and outer nuclear layer thickness. Cone densities along the temporal meridian were reduced in affected individuals compared with normative values at all temporal eccentricities studied. One individual with incomplete penetrance, was identified as clinically affected primarily on the basis of AO imaging. Full-field electroretinography demonstrated a rod-cone pattern of dysfunction and large-field pattern electroretinography identified peripheral macular dysfunction.

Conclusions

This novel heterozygous variant RDH12 c.763delG is associated with a rod-cone dystrophy with variable expression. Determination of the degree of penetrance may depend on the modality employed to phenotypically characterise an individual. This rare and specific heterozygous (dominant) variant is predicted to result in a gain of function, that causes disease in a gene typically associated with biallelic (recessive) variants.
New model to better diagnose dry eye disease integrating OCT corneal epithelial mapping
Authors: Edorh Norah A , El Maftouhi Adil , Djerada Zoubir , Arndt Carl , Denoyer Alexandre
Published: May 2021

Purpose

To optimise the objective diagnosis of dry eye disease (DED), the capabilities of wide corneal epithelial mapping using optical coherence tomography (OCT) were studied and subsequently integrated into a new scoring method.

Methods

Fifty-nine patients (118 eyes) with DED and 55 control subjects (110 eyes) were included. All patients underwent a complete ocular surface evaluation. Corneal epithelial thickness was collected using OCT for seven zones. DED and the control group were compared using a t-test, and univariate receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated to define the diagnostic ability of OCT epithelial mapping. Multivariate analyses were performed using artificial intelligence (random forest) and logistic regression approaches to define the best way to integrate OCT mapping in the diagnosis of DED. Then, a final multivariable model for diagnosing DED was validated through a bootstrapping method.

Results

The DED group had significant epithelial thinning compared with the controls, regardless of location. Superior intermediate epithelial thickness was the best marker for diagnosing DED using OCT (binormal estimated area under ROC: 0.87; best cut-off value: 50 µm thickness). The difference between the inferior and superior peripheral zones was the best marker for grading the severity of DED (analysis of variance, p=0.009). A multivariate approach identified other significant covariables which were integrated into a multivariate model to improve the sensitivity (86.4%) and specificity (91.7%) of this innovative diagnostic method.

Conclusion

Including OCT corneal epithelial mapping in a new diagnostic tool for DED could allow optimisation of the screening and staging of the disease in current practice as well as for clinical research purposes.
Economic and cost-effectiveness analysis of the Community-Level Interventions for Pre-eclampsia (CLIP) trials in India, Pakistan and Mozambique
Authors: Bone Jeffrey N , Khowaja Asif R , Vidler Marianne , Payne Beth A , Bellad Mrutyunjaya B , Goudar Shivaprasad S , Mallapur Ashalata A , Munguambe Khatia , Qureshi Rahat N , Sacoor Charfudin , Sevene Esperanca , Frederix Geert W J , Bhutta Zulfiqar A , Mitton Craig , Magee Laura A , von Dadelszen Peter
Published: May 2021

Background

The Community-Level Interventions for Pre-eclampsia (CLIP) trials (NCT01911494) in India, Pakistan and Mozambique (February 2014–2017) involved community engagement and task sharing with community health workers for triage and initial treatment of pregnancy hypertension. Maternal and perinatal mortality was less frequent among women who received ≥8 CLIP contacts. The aim of this analysis was to assess the incremental costs and cost-effectiveness of the CLIP intervention overall in comparison to standard of care, and by PIERS (Pre-eclampsia Integrated Estimate of RiSk) On the Move (POM) mobile health application visit frequency.

Methods

Included were all women enrolled in the three CLIP trials who had delivered with known outcomes by trial end. According to the number of POM-guided home contacts received (0, 1–3, 4–7, ≥8), costs were collected from annual budgets and spending receipts, with inclusion of family opportunity costs in Pakistan. A decision tree model was built to determine the cost-effectiveness of the intervention (vs usual care), based on the primary clinical endpoint of years of life lost (YLL) for mothers and infants. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis was used to assess uncertainty in the cost and clinical outcomes.

Results

The incremental per pregnancy cost of the intervention was US$12.66 (India), US$11.51 (Pakistan) and US$13.26 (Mozambique). As implemented, the intervention was not cost-effective due largely to minimal differences in YLL between arms. However, among women who received ≥8 CLIP contacts (four in Pakistan), the probability of health system and family (Pakistan) cost-effectiveness was ≥80% (all countries).

Conclusion

The intervention was likely to be cost-effective for women receiving ≥8 contacts in Mozambique and India, and ≥4 in Pakistan, supporting WHO guidance on antenatal contact frequency.

Trial registration number

NCT01911494.
Evaluating an enhanced quality improvement intervention in maternity units: PReCePT trial protocol
Authors: Edwards Hannah , Redaniel Maria Theresa , Opmeer Brent , Peters Tim , Margelyte Ruta , Sillero Rejon Carlos , Hollingworth William , Craggs Pippa , Hill Elizabeth , Redwood Sabi , Donovan Jenny , Luyt Karen
Published: May 2021

The UK’s National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Preterm labour and birth guideline recommends use of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) in deliveries below 30 weeks’ gestation to prevent cerebral palsy and other neurological problems associated with preterm delivery. Despite national guidance, the uptake of MgSO4administration in eligible women has been slow. National Health Service England has rolled out the PReCePT (PRevention of Cerebral Palsy in Pre-Term labour) quality improvement (QI) toolkit to increase uptake of MgSO4in preterm deliveries. The toolkit is designed to increase maternity staff knowledge about MgSO4and provides training and practical tools to help staff consider use in eligible women. The PReCePT trial compares the effectiveness of two different methods of implementing the QI toolkit (standard versus enhanced support). The standard support arm (control) receives the QI toolkit and regional-level support for a midwife/obstetric ‘champion’. The enhanced support arm (intervention) receives this plus additional clinical backfill funding and unit-level QI microcoaching. It is funded by The Health Foundation. This is a cluster randomised controlled trial designed to include 48 maternity units randomised (2:1 ratio) to standard or enhanced support. Units are eligible for inclusion if they have 10 or more preterm (<30 weeks’ gestation) deliveries annually and MgSO4uptake of 70% or less. Randomisation is stratified by previous level of MgSO4uptake. The QI intervention is implemented over 9 months. All units are followed up for a further 9 months. Blinding is not possible due to the nature of the intervention. The primary outcome is the proportion of MgSO4uptake among eligible women at follow-up, adjusting for uptake before implementation of the toolkit. The effectiveness of the intervention will be assessed using weighted linear regression on data from the National Neonatal Research Database. Semistructured qualitative staff interviews will inform understanding of the process and outcomes. Economic evaluation will describe total costs and cost-effectiveness.

Trial registration numberSRCTN 40938673.
Survival models to support shared decision-making about advance care planning for people with advanced stage cystic fibrosis
Authors: Hajizadeh Negin , Zhang Meng , Akerman Meredith , Kohn Nina , Mathew Anna , Hadjiliadis Denis , Wang Janice , Lesser Martin L
Published: May 2021

Background

For people with advanced stage cystic fibrosis (CF), tailored survival estimates could facilitate preparation for decision-making in the event of acutely deteriorating respiratory function.

Methods

We used the US CF Foundation national database (2008–2013) to identify adult people with incident advanced stage CF (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) ≤45% predicted). Using the lasso method for variable selection, we divided the dataset into training and validation samples (2:1), and developed two multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to calculate probabilities of survival from baseline (T0 model), and from 1 year after (T12 model). We also performed Kaplan-Meier survival analyses.

Results

4752 people were included. For the T0 model, FEV1; insurance; non-invasive ventilation; supplemental oxygen;Burkholderiacolonisation; cirrhosis; depression; dialysis; current smoking; unclassifiable mutation class and cumulative CF exacerbations predicted increased mortality. Baseline transplant evaluation status of ‘accepted, on waiting list’ predicted decreased mortality. For the T12 model, interim decrease in FEV1 >10%, and pulmonary exacerbations additionally increased predicted mortality. Lung transplantation was associated with lower mortality. Of the 4752, 93.5%, 86.4%, 79.7% and 73.9% survived to 1, 2, 3 and 4 years, respectively, without considering any confounding variables. The models had moderate predictive ability indicated by the area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (0.787, 95% CI 0.769 to 0.794 for T0 model; and 0.779, 95% CI 0.767 to 0.797 for T12 model).

Conclusion

We have developed models predicting survival in people with incident advanced stage CF, which can be reapplied over time to support shared decision-making about end-of-life treatment choices and lung transplantation. These estimates must be updated as data become available regarding long-term outcomes for people treated with CF transmembrane conductance regulator modulators.
Milk’s Flows: Making and Transmitting Kinship, Health, and Personhood
Authors: Malcolm Roslyn
Published: May 2021

Milk provides a way of thinking about how the body is enacted in science, policy and popular culture. This paper follows the currents of moral and biomedical epistemologies circulating around milk, including via notions of inheritance, the practices of wet nursing, and emerging scientific knowledge about the health-related benefits of breastfeeding. By situating milk’s flows historically and culturally it shows how constructions of milk production, lactation, and infant feeding have long served as a ‘cultural signal’ of prevailing conceptions of bodies and social identities. In so doing, it explores the simultaneous power of milk as both a source of dispositional and somatic health, and an index of customary forms of unity and division. A focus on breast milk further contributes to augmenting and expanding recent debates about the biology-society nexus in science and technology studies (STS), anthropology, and sociology. Seen within biomedicine today as a carrier of somatic signals about the environment, the article reflects on how milk is bound up in the responsibilisation of women’s bodies and the internalising of potential risks to the health of their offspring. This implies an unlimited agency for women in averting health risks and in future-proofing their children to be better than well, elides the socioeconomic, and environmental forces pragmatically limiting this assumed agency, and the distinct lack of material and inter-personal support for the perinatal period in many nations.
Searching for non-unitary neutrino oscillations in the present T2K and NO$$\nu $$A data
Authors: Miranda Luis Salvador , Pasquini Pedro , Rahaman Ushak , Razzaque Soebur
Published: May 2021

The mixing of three active neutrino flavors is parameterized by the unitary PMNS matrix. If there are more than three neutrino flavors and if the extra generations are heavy iso-singlets, the effective$$3\times 3$$3×3mixing matrix for the three active neutrinos will be non-unitary. We have analyzed the latest T2K and NO$$\nu $$νA data with the hypothesis of non-unitary mixing of the active neutrinos. We found that the 2019 NO$$\nu $$νA data slightly (at$$\sim 1\, \sigma $$∼1σCL) prefer the non-unitary mixing over unitary mixing. In fact, allowing the non-unitary mixing brings the NO$$\nu $$νA best-fit point in the$$\sin ^2{\theta _{23}}-\delta _{\mathrm {CP}}$$sin2θ23-δCPplane closer to the T2K best-fit point. The 2019 T2K data, on the other hand, cannot rule out any of the two mixing schemes. A combined analysis of the NO$$\nu $$νA and T2K 2019 data prefers the non-unitary mixing at$$1\, \sigma $$1σCL. We derive constraints on the non-unitary mixing parameters using the best-fit to the combined NO$$\nu $$νA and T2K data. These constraints are weaker than previously found. The latest 2020 data from both the experiments prefer non-unitarity over unitary mixing at$$1\, \sigma $$1σCL. The combined analysis prefers non-unitarity at$$2\, \sigma $$2σCL. The stronger tension, which exists between the latest 2020 data of the two experiments, also gets reduced with non-unitary analysis.
Charged throats in the Hořava–Lifshitz theory
Authors: Restuccia Alvaro , Tello-Ortiz Francisco
Published: May 2021

A spherically symmetric solution of the field equations of the Hořava–Lifshitz gravity–gauge vector interaction theory is obtained and analyzed. It describes a charged throat. The solution exists provided a restriction on the relation between the mass and charge is satisfied. The restriction reduces to the Reissner–Nordström one in the limit in which the coupling constants tend to the relativistic values of General Relativity. We introduce the correct charts to describe the solution across the entire manifold, including the throat connecting an asymptotic Minkowski space-time with a singular 3+1 dimensional manifold. The solution external to the throat on the asymptotically flat side tends to the Reissner–Nordström space-time at the limit when the coupling parameter, associated with the term in the low energy Hamiltonian that manifestly breaks the relativistic symmetry, tends to zero. Also, when the electric charge is taken to be zero the solution becomes the spherically symmetric and static solution of the Hořava–Lifshitz gravity.
Resolving XENON excess with decaying cold dark matter
Authors: Xu Shuai , Zheng Sibo
Published: May 2021

We propose a decaying cold dark matter model to explain the excess of electron recoil observed at the XENON1T experiment. In this scenario, the daughter dark matter from the parent dark matter decay easily obtains velocity large enough to saturate the peak of the electron recoil energy around 2.5 keV, and the observed signal rate can be fulfilled by the parent dark matter with a mass of order 10–200 MeV and a lifetime larger than the age of Universe. We verify that this model is consistent with experimental limits from dark matter detections, Cosmic microwave background and large scale structure experiments.
Theoretical study on amplifying strong exciton–photon coupling based on surface plasmon in a hybridized perovskite nanowire-metal film-perovskite nanowire structure
Authors: Wang Naien , Zou Yunfei , Wang Lulu , Yu Li
Published: May 2021

We theoretically report a strong light–matter interaction in a sandwich structure composed of hybridized inorganic–organic perovskite nanowires, silica (SiO2) films and a silver (Ag) film. Surface plasmon effectively enhances the strong exciton–photon coupling strength of perovskite nanowires, which depends on reduction of effective mode volume and local field enhancement. By calculation, we find that the thicknesses of SiO2 and Ag films can affect the coupling strength. With the suitable thickness of SiO2 (5 nm) and Ag (30 nm) films, Rabi splitting can reach 319 meV, while without an Ag film Rabi splitting is only 270 meV. Furthermore, Rabi splitting shows a negative correlation with SiO2 film thickness within a limited range. Still, it has a nonlinear relation with Ag film thickness because the imaginary part of the effective index for the hybridized mode shows a nonlinear relation with Ag film thickness. Our structure provides suitable parameters for the experiment and has potential application in nano-lasers.
Recovery of lithium hydroxide monohydrate from a nickel-rich cathode material by a novel heat-treatment process at a significantly low temperature
Authors: Lee Seon-Jin , Son Jong-Tae
Published: May 2021

Lithium hydroxide monohydrate (LiOH⋅H2O) was easily recovered from LiNi[Formula: see text]Co[Formula: see text]Al[Formula: see text]O2, a Ni-rich cathode material, by a novel heat-treatment process, under a hydrogen (H[Formula: see text] atmosphere at a significantly low temperature of 500[Formula: see text]C. This process is eco-friendly and can facilitate the recovery of valuable metals without requiring acids. Because of the low O2 partial pressure (1.0 × 10[Formula: see text] atm) of the H2 atmosphere, the characteristic (003) X-ray diffraction peak of the layered cathode material disappeared at 500[Formula: see text]C, and LiOH⋅H2O was easily recovered. To the best of our knowledge, this is the lowest temperature ever employed for LiOH⋅H2O recovery from Ni-rich cathode materials using the dry method.
Secondary Wrist Arthritis in Active Workers: Does Capitate Pyrocarbon Resurfacing (RCPI) Improve Proximal Row Carpectomy? A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: De Vitis Rocco , Passiatore Marco , Cilli Vitale , Pamelin Emanuele , Velluto Calogero , Ceravolo Isabella , D’Orio Marco , Ferrari Federico , Taccardo Giuseppe
Published: May 2021

Background: Proximal Row Carpectomy (PRC) is a widespread, safe and effective salvage surgical procedure for wrist arthritis. Some authors believe that PRC results in low grip strength (GS), due to the loss of carpal height, supporting the idea to discourage PRC in high-demanding patients. Resurfacing Capitate Prosthesis Implant (RCPI) allows extending the indication for PRC also in case of deformity and/or arthritis of the head of capitate, with possible implications of clinical outcomes, including GS.

Methods: Retrospective multicentre study on a population of active workers, affected by secondary post traumatic wrist arthritis, who underwent PRC (27 patients) or PRC + RCPI (20 patients), Primary outcome was to assess GS between PRC and PRC + RCPI. Secondary outcome was to assess CHR and to search for any possible contributors to GS. Active range of motion (AROM), hand function (DASH, Work-DASH, VAS, PRWHE), pain, time to return to work, job maintenance, major complications and general satisfaction were also assessed.

Results: PRC + RCPI results in more GS maintenance compared with PRC alone, with higher values of CHR. CHR values were associated with GS with a good correlation. According to linear regression model analysis within PRC + RCPI group (GS–CHR), it is esteemed that the increase in parameter CHR is associated with an increase in parameter GS. Looking at a multiple linear regression model analysis built on the whole sample (GS% increase – (group × CHR) + GS% pre-operative). It is estimated that the increase of one unit of the GS coefficient is associated with an increase in GS% increase. Furthermore, higher pre-operative GS values positively influence post-operative GS. No differences were revealed between the two treatments in terms of the remaining secondary outcomes.

Conclusions: PRC alone and PRC + RCPI are both effective salvage procedures for wrist arthritis. RCPI provides a better GS preservation, in part due to the carpal height preservation.
Epilepsy Diagnosis Using Multi-view & Multi-medoid Entropy-based Clustering with Privacy Protection
Authors: Zhang Yuanpeng , Jiang Yizhang , Qi Lianyong , Bhuiyan Md Zakirul Alam , Qian Pengjiang
Published: May 2021

Using unsupervised learning methods for clinical diagnosis is very meaningful. In this study, we propose an unsupervised multi-view & multi-medoid variant-entropy-based fuzzy clustering (M
2
VEFC) method for epilepsy EEG signals detecting. Comparing with existing related studies, M
2
VEFC has four main merits and contributions: (1) Features in original EEG data are represented from different perspectives that can provide more pattern information for epilepsy signals detecting. (2) During multi-view modeling, multi-medoids are used to capture the structure of clusters in each view. Furthermore, we assume that the medoids in a cluster observed from different views should keep invariant, which is taken as one of the collaborative learning mechanisms in this study. (3) A variant entropy is designed as another collaborative learning mechanism in which view weight learning is controlled by a user-free parameter. The parameter is derived from the distribution of samples in each view such that the learned weights have more discrimination. (4) M
2
VEFC does not need original data as its input—it only needs a similarity matrix and feature statistical information. Therefore, the original data are not exposed to users and hence the privacy is protected. We use several different kinds of feature extraction techniques to extract several groups of features as multi-view data from original EEG data to test the proposed method M
2
VEFC. Experimental results indicate M
2
VEFC achieves a promising performance that is better than benchmarking models.
A Comprehensive Survey of Neural Architecture Search
Authors: Ren Pengzhen , Xiao Yun , Chang Xiaojun , Huang Po-yao , Li Zhihui , Chen Xiaojiang , Wang Xin
Published: May 2021

Deep learning has made substantial breakthroughs in many fields due to its powerful automatic representation capabilities. It has been proven that neural architecture design is crucial to the feature representation of data and the final performance. However, the design of the neural architecture heavily relies on the researchers’ prior knowledge and experience. And due to the limitations of humans’ inherent knowledge, it is difficult for people to jump out of their original thinking paradigm and design an optimal model. Therefore, an intuitive idea would be to reduce human intervention as much as possible and let the algorithm automatically design the neural architecture.Neural Architecture Search(NAS) is just such a revolutionary algorithm, and the related research work is complicated and rich. Therefore, a comprehensive and systematic survey on the NAS is essential. Previously related surveys have begun to classify existing work mainly based on the key components of NAS: search space, search strategy, and evaluation strategy. While this classification method is more intuitive, it is difficult for readers to grasp the challenges and the landmark work involved. Therefore, in this survey, we provide a new perspective: beginning with an overview of the characteristics of the earliest NAS algorithms, summarizing the problems in these early NAS algorithms, and then providing solutions for subsequent related research work. In addition, we conduct a detailed and comprehensive analysis, comparison, and summary of these works. Finally, we provide some possible future research directions.
Recommendations on Statistical Randomness Test Batteries for Cryptographic Purposes
Authors: Luengo Elena Almaraz , Villalba Luis Javier García
Published: May 2021

Security in different applications is closely related to the goodness of the sequences generated for such purposes. Not only in Cryptography but also in other areas, it is necessary to obtain long sequences of random numbers or that, at least, behave as such. To decide whether the generator used produces sequences that are random, unpredictable and independent, statistical checks are needed. Different batteries of hypothesis tests have been proposed for this purpose.

In this work, a survey of the main test batteries is presented, indicating their pros and cons, giving some guidelines for their use and presenting some practical examples.
Recurrent Neural Networks for Edge Intelligence
Authors: Lalapura Varsha S. , Amudha J. , Satheesh Hariramn Selvamuruga
Published: May 2021

Recurrent Neural Networks are ubiquitous and pervasive in many artificial intelligence applications such as speech recognition, predictive healthcare, creative art, and so on. Although they provide accurate superior solutions, they pose a massive challenge
“training havoc.”
Current expansion of IoT demands intelligent models to be deployed at the edge. This is precisely to handle increasing model sizes and complex network architectures. Design efforts to meet these for greater performance have had inverse effects on portability on edge devices with real-time constraints of memory, latency, and energy. This article provides a detailed insight into various compression techniques widely disseminated in the deep learning regime. They have become key in mapping powerful RNNs onto resource-constrained devices. While compression of RNNs is the main focus of the survey, it also highlights challenges encountered while training. The training procedure directly influences model performance and compression alongside. Recent advancements to overcome the training challenges with their strengths and drawbacks are discussed. In short, the survey covers the three-step process, namely, architecture selection, efficient training process, and suitable compression technique applicable to a resource-constrained environment. It is thus one of the comprehensive survey guides a developer can adapt for a time-series problem context and an RNN solution for the edge.
Taking the heat
Authors: Krakovsky Marina
Published: May 2021

Maxwell's demon and the high cost of erasure.
N-trans-Feruloyloctopamine Wakes Up BBC3, DDIT3, CDKN1A, and NOXA Signals to Accelerate HCC Cell Apoptosis
Authors: Ma Bin , Li Jing , Yang Wen-Ke , Zhang Mei-Gui , Xie Xiao-Dong , Bai Zhong-Tian
Published: May 2021

N-trans-Feruloyloctopamine (FO), a natural compound, was reported in our previous study to inhibit a tumor cell malignant phenotype by AKT- and EMT-related signals and might be used as a promising drug for HCC treatment. However, the specific targets and detailed mechanisms still need to be clarified. Screening with RNA-Seq in Huh7 cells treated with FO revealed that 317 genes were modulated, of which 188 genes were upregulated and 129 genes were downregulated. Real-time cell analyzer and flow cytometry data reveal that tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis were impacted by FO. DAVID bioinformatic data showed that most of the biological process GO terms are related to proliferation and apoptosis. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that FO mainly regulates PI3K-AKT- and apoptosis-related signals, in which BBC3, DDIT3, NOXA, and CDKN1A on the surface serve as the novel targets of FO inducing HCC cell apoptosis. The result implied that FO might exacerbate HCC cell apoptosis by regulating BBC3, DDIT3, CDKN1A, and NOXA signals. The obstacle effect of FO can provide new targets and new credibility for the treatment of liver cancer.
[Retracted] Matching Subsequence Music Retrieval in a Software Integration Environment
Authors: Li Zhencong , Yao Qin , Ma Wanzhi
Published: May 2021

This paper firstly introduces the basic knowledge of music, proposes the detailed design of a music retrieval system based on the knowledge of music, and analyzes the feature extraction algorithm and matching algorithm by using the features of music. Feature extraction of audio data is the important research of this paper. In this paper, the main melody features, MFCC features, GFCC features, and rhythm features, are extracted from audio data and a feature fusion algorithm is proposed to achieve the fusion of GFCC features and rhythm features to form new features under the processing of principal component analysis (PCA) dimensionality reduction. After learning the main melody features, MFCC features, GFCC features, and rhythm features, based on the property that PCA dimensionality reduction can effectively reduce noise and improve retrieval efficiency, this paper proposes vector fusion by dimensionality reduction of GFCC features and rhythm features. The matching retrieval of audio features is an important task in music retrieval. In this paper, the DTW algorithm is chosen as the main algorithm for retrieving music. The classification retrieval of music is also achieved by the K‐nearest neighbor algorithm. In this paper, after implementing the research and improvement of algorithms, these algorithms are integrated into the system to achieve audio preprocessing, feature extraction, feature postprocessing, and matching retrieval. This article uses 100 different kinds of MP3 format music as the music library and randomly selects 4 pieces each time, and it tests the system under different system parameters, recording duration, and environmental noise. Through the research of this paper, the efficiency of music retrieval is improved and theoretical support is provided for the design of music retrieval software integration system.
Research on Design of Intelligent Background Differential Model for Training Target Monitoring
Authors: Liu Ya , Jiang Fusheng , Wang Yuhui , OuYang Lu , Gao Bo , Jiang Jinling , Zhang Bo
Published: May 2021

The detection of moving targets is to detect the change area in a sequence of images and extract the moving targets from the background image. It is the basis. Whether the moving targets can be correctly detected and segmented has a huge impact on the subsequent work. Aiming at the problem of high failure rate in the detection of sports targets under complex backgrounds, this paper proposes a research on the design of an intelligent background differential model for training target monitoring. This paper proposes a background difference method based on RGB colour separation. The colour image is separated into independent RGB three‐channel images, and the corresponding channels are subjected to the background difference operation to obtain the foreground image of each channel. In order to retain the difference of each channel, the information of the foreground images of the three channels is fused to obtain a complete foreground image. The feature of the edge detection is not affected by light; the foreground image is corrected. From the experimental results, the ordinary background difference method uses grey value processing, and some parts of the target with different colours but similar grey levels to the background cannot be extracted. However, the method in this paper can better solve the defect of misdetection. At the same time, compared with traditional methods, it also has a higher detection efficiency.
Coevolving Dynamics between Epidemic and Information Spreading considering the Dependence between Vigilance and Awareness Prevalence
Authors: Zhang Yixiao , Lu Xing , Cui Ni , Tang Jingtai , Zhang Xiyun
Published: May 2021

It has been demonstrated that the propagation of information and awareness regarding a disease can assist in containing the outbreak of epidemics. Previous models for this coevolving usually introduced the dependence between these two processes by setting a lower but time‐independent infection rate for individuals with awareness. However, a realistic scenario can be more complicated, as individual vigilance and the adopted protective measures may depend on the extent of the discussion on the disease, whereas individuals may be irrational or lack relevant knowledge, leading to improper measures being taken. These can introduce a time‐varying dependence between epidemic dynamics and awareness prevalence and may weaken the effect of spreading awareness in containing a pandemic. To better understand this effect, we introduce a nonlinear dependence of the epidemic infection rate on awareness prevalence, focusing on the effect of different forms of dependence on the coevolving dynamics. We demonstrate that a positive correlation between vigilance and awareness prevalence can enhance the effect of information spreading in suppressing epidemics. However, this enhancement can be weakened if some individuals are irrational. Our results demonstrate the importance of rational behavior in the strategy of containing epidemics by propagation of disease information.
Magnetite-Functionalized Horse Dung Humic Acid (HDHA) for the Uptake of Toxic Lead(II) from Artificial Wastewater
Authors: Basuki Rahmat , Rusdiarso Bambang , Santosa Sri Juari , Siswanta Dwi
Published: May 2021

Magnetite-functionalized horse dung humic acid (HDHA) has been successfully prepared by the coprecipitation method, and the as-prepared adsorbent (MHDHA) has been applied as an easy-handling adsorbent for toxic Pb(II) in artificial wastewater. The MHDHA was characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The FT-IR study showed that the MHDHA had the characteristics peaks of HA and Fe-O stretching. The XRD analysis revealed that the MHDHA had the [Formula: see text] characteristic for magnetite. The TEM image and EDX analysis exhibited that the MHDHA with an average size of ∼14 nm was partially aggregated and contained ([Formula: see text]) 9.89% carbon, 2.89% nitrogen, and 32.74% oxygen based on functional groups of HDHA. The stability improvement of MHDHA was showed by decreasing HDHA dissolved from 95% to less than 30% at pH 12 after magnetite functionalization. The post-adsorption handling improvement was evidenced by easy and quick retraction by an external magnet with a 62.95 emu/g magnetic strength value. The adsorption capacities were influenced by the pH and ionic strength, whilst the adsorption rates were well simulated by the Ho pseudo-second-order model. The removal uptake of Pb(II) ions increased when the initial concentration was increased and fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model when the monolayer adsorption capacity was [Formula: see text] (equal to 57.64 mg/g). The value of Dubinin-Radushkevich adsorption energy ([Formula: see text]) found in this study was 14.78 kJ/mol, which implied that ion exchange is the main mechanism involved in the adsorption process. The regeneration studies of MHDHA show that there was no significant change in composition, morphology, crystallinity, and functional group after five consecutive cycles of the adsorption-desorption process.
Research on Coordination of Fresh Agricultural Product Supply Chain considering Fresh-Keeping Effort Level under Retailer Risk Avoidance
Authors: Feng Yangang , Hu Yi , He Lin
Published: May 2021

Considering that the demand for fresh agricultural products is affected by product freshness and price, a two-level fresh agricultural product supply chain decision model consisting of a risk-neutral supplier and a risk-averse retailer is constructed. In order to increase consumer demand for fresh agricultural products, the supplier will make appropriate efforts to preserve the freshness of agricultural products. The optimal fresh-keeping effort level of the supplier and the optimal pricing decision of the retailer under the centralized decision-making and decentralized decision-making modes were studied, respectively; through the design of traditional cost-sharing contracts, traditional cost and revenue-sharing contracts, and cost-sharing and compensation strategies, the supplier was encouraged to improve their fresh-keeping effort. The research shows that the traditional cost-sharing contract and the traditional cost-benefit sharing contract cannot coordinate the supply chain. Under the strategy of cost sharing and compensation, when the amount of compensation meets certain conditions, the coordination of supply chain can be realized. Finally, the important parameters of the model are analyzed by numerical simulation.