bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Obstacle Avoidance in Operational Configuration Space Kinematic Control of Redundant Serial Manipulators
Authors: Peidro Adrian , Haug Edward J
Published: November 2023

Kinematic control of redundant serial manipulators has been carried out for the past half century based primarily on a generalized inverse velocity formulation that is known to have mathematical deficiencies. A recently developed inverse kinematic position mapping is extended to an operational configuration space differentiable manifold formulation for kinematic control with obstacle avoidance is employed to resolve deficiencies in the generalized inverse velocity formulation. Output trajectory tracking with obstacle avoidance for four and twenty degree of redundancy manipulators is carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the differentiable manifold approach and that it resolves deficiencies of the conventional generalized inverse velocity formulation.
Lung Imaging and Artificial Intellingence in ARDS
Authors: Chiumello Davide , Coppola Silvia , Catozzi Giulia , Danzo Fiammetta , Santus Pierachille , Radovanovic Dejan
Published: November 2023

The artificial intelligence (AI) is a machine or computing platform that is capable of making intelligent decision similarly to the human mind. The AI could improve diagnosis, treatment prognosis, and clinical workflow, particularly in the field of radiology. Concerning acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a rather heterogeneous syndrome characterized by an inflammatory lung edema leading to an increased lung weight, decreased lung aeration with the presence of alveolar collapse and interstitial opacities mainly in the dependent area. Thus, lung imaging is an essential tool to assess not only the morphology but also the mechanical characteristics of ARDS patients. Chest computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound have a higher sensitivity and specificity than conventional chest radiography.
This narrative review summarizes the state of art of AI in the field of lung imaging, focusing on CT and ultrasound technique in ARDS patients. A total number of 18 articles were retrieved. The application of AI in lung imaging was mainly devoted to assess the prediction of ARDS, the quantification of alveolar recruitment, the possible alternative diagnosis and the outcome.
Although the presence of a physician is still essential to ensure a high quality of examinations the AI could assist the clinical team to provide the best possible care.
Injectivity Assessment of Radial-Lateral Wells for CO2 Storage in Marine Gas Hydrate Reservoirs
Authors: Guo Boyun , Zhang Peng
Published: November 2023

Leak of carbon dioxide (CO2) from conventional underground carbon storage reservoirs is an increasing concern. It is highly desirable to inject CO2 into low-temperature reservoirs so that CO2 can be locked inside the reservoir in solid state as CO2-hydrates. Marine gas hydrate reservoirs and surrounding water aquifers are attractive candidates for this purpose. However, the nature of low-permeability of these marine sediments hinders injection of CO2 in commercial scale due to the low-injectivity of wells with conventional completions. This study investigates injection of CO2 into the low-permeability marine reservoirs using a new type of well namely radial-lateral wells (RLW). An analytical model was developed for predicting CO2 injectivity of the RLW to assess well injectivity improvement. A case study and sensitivity analysis were performed with field data from the South China Sea. Result of analysis reveals that the injectivity of the RLW is nearly proportional to reservoir permeability, lateral wellbore length, and number of laterals. CO2 injection rate is predicted to be 19 tons/day to 250 tons/day, which is 3 to 15 times higher than the injectivity of frac-packed wells. It is feasible to inject CO2 into the low-permeability-low-temperature marine reservoirs at commercial flow rates. This work provides an analytical tool to predict CO2-injectivity of RLW in low-temperature marine reservoirs for leak-free CO2 storage.
Componentwise Perturbation Analysis of the Singular Value Decomposition of a Matrix
Authors: Angelova-Dimitrova Vera Angelova , Petkov Petko Hristov
Published: November 2023

A rigorous perturbation analysis of the singular value decomposition
of a real matrix of full column rank is presented. It is shown that the
SVD perturbation problem is well posed only in case of distinct singular values.
The analysis involves the solution of coupled systems of linear equations and
produces asymptotic (local) componentwise perturbation bounds of the entries of
the orthogonal matrices participating in the decomposition of the given matrix
and of its singular values. Local bounds are derived for the
sensitivity of the singular subspaces measured by the angles between the
unperturbed and perturbed subspaces. An iterative scheme is described to find
global bounds on the respective perturbations. The analysis implements the same
methodology used previously to determine componentwise perturbation bounds of
the Schur form and the QR decomposition of a matrix.
Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization Reduces the Recurrence Rate of Chronic Subdural Hematoma
Authors: Wang Ying , Shao Anwen , Wang Wei , Huang Qinghua , Yan Wei , Lan Meijuan
Published: November 2023

To evaluate the effect of middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) on chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). We enrolled consecutive patients with CSDH who underwent burr hole craniostomy (BHC) between January 2021 and February 2023. The primary outcome was recurrence rate, defined as an increase of hematoma width on imaging compared with the immediate postoperative imaging at a 3-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes included the rate of complications and adverse prognosis. Cohorts were balanced using 1:2 propensity score matching (PSM). A total of 271 patients were eligible for this study and divided into the MMAE group (n=23) and the BHC group (n=205). Compared with the BHC group, there was more use of anticoagulant or antiplatelet medication (47.8% vs 22.4%, P=0.008), bilateral hematoma (19.5% vs 19.5%, P=0.043) and hematoma with septations (47.8% vs 21.5%, P=0.005) in the MMAE group. After PSM, 64 cases were finally successfully matched. The logistic analysis result showed that MMAE was associated with the decreased recurrence rate of CSDH in the cohort after PSM (OR 0.072, 95%CI 0.322~0.746, P=0.028) but not with the improved clinical prognosis (OR 0.065, 95%CI 0.533~4.786, P=0.562). MAAE has a positive therapeutic effect on reducing the recurrence rate of CSDHs as an adjunct postoperative treatment after burr hole surgery.
Variability in Leaf Color Induced by Chlorophyll Deficiency: Transcriptional Changes in Bamboo Leaves
Authors: Zhu Pengkai , Zeng Meiyin , Lin Yuhan , Tang Yu , He Tianyou , Zheng Yushan , Chen Lingyan
Published: November 2023

The diversity of leaf characteristics, including leaf color, is a prominent subject of study in plant science. Leaf color is predominantly determined by the synthesis and functionality of chlorophyll, a key component of photosynthesis. The regulation of chlorophyll synthesis and degradation involves complex gene interactions, and disruptions in these processes can lead to abnormal chlorophyll synthesis and impact leaf color. This study focuses on Bambusa multiplex f. silverstripe, a natural variant with various leaf colors, including green, white, and green-white leaves. The variations in leaf color are attributed to genetic factors and their influence on gene expression. By employing RNA-seq, we investigate the molecular mechanisms behind chlorophyll anomalies and genetic factors in Silverstripe. Our findings shed light on the complexity of gene interactions and regulatory networks that underlie leaf color diversity and provide valuable insights for future research and plant breeding.
Population Genetic Structure of a Viviparous Sand Lizard, the Phrynocephalus forsythii in the Tarim Basin, Xinjiang of China
Authors: Duan Jiabao , Jiang Luoxue , Chen Tianying , Zhong Wen , Zhao Wei , Qi Yue , Guo Penghui , Li You
Published: November 2023

Desert ecosystem occupies an important position in the composition of global biodiversity. The Tarim Basin locates in south Xinjiang of China and has the world 's second largest mobile desert, the Taklamakan Desert. As an endemic species in this region, Phrynocephalus forsythii has been demonstrated with potential high extinction risk to climate change. In order to understand the overall genetic status and provide accordant conservation strategies of the species, we investi-gated the genetic diversity and population structure of P. forsythii from 15 sites in the Tarim Basin using 21 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers. We found significant genetic structure across the study region. We also revealed generally low levels of gene flow between the 25 sites, sug-gesting individual dispersal and migration may be restricted within populations. In addition, geographical distance and ambient temperature might be important factors in explaining the observed genetic structure. Our results will provide scientific basis for the future protection of P. forsythii in this area, as well as an important reference for the conservation and management of biodiversity in desert ecosystems.
The Process of Groundwater Salinization on the Ca Mau Peninsula (Mekong Delta, Vietnam): Evaluation of Saltwater Intrusion Pathways via Scenario Calculations Applying a 3D Groundwater Model
Authors: Hoan Tran Viet , Richter Karl-Gerd , Doerr Felix , Bauer Jonas , Börsig Nicolas , Steinel Anke , Le Van Thi Mai , Pham Van Cam , Norra Stefan
Published: November 2023

Ca Mau Peninsula (CMP), the southernmost region of the Mekong Delta, is facing a severe loss of land and freshwater. Particularly, the groundwater resources in the complex multilayered aquifer system of CMP are subject to salinization processes, which are not yet fully understood. In this study, an existing groundwater flow model for the CMP was enhanced to a density-dependent transient transport model using the FEFLOW software package, which is based on the finite element method. The study focuses on simulating groundwater salinity in order to better understand the dynamics of groundwater salinization and potential saltwater intrusion pathways in the study area. Time series of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) concentrations at observation wells were used to compare simulated and observed salinity data in different aquifers. The model allows a multi-factorial evaluation of the spatial groundwater salinity and could also confirm significant inter-annual variability, particularly in the case of shallow aquifers due to the influence of tides and seasonal rainy/dry seasons. Using sensitivity analysis, leakage from upper saline aquifers into lower freshwater aquifers through natural hydrogeological windows and poorly sealed boreholes was identified as a potential major cause for groundwater salinization occurring in the region. The results obtained can serve as an important basis for developing decision-making tools to promote the sustainable use of water resources on the CMP in the future.
Karadeniz’in Su Ürünleri Yetiştiriciliği Sektörü Açısından Potansiyeli ve Türk Somonu İhracatının Finansal ve Ekonomik Analizi
Authors: Erol Sercan , Erüz Coşkun
Published: November 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türk somonu olarak sunulan gökkuşağı alabalığının üretim ve gelir potansiyelini değerlendirmek ve yeni hedef dış pazarlara yönelik olarak ürün çeşitlendirme ve sürdürülebilir büyüme açısından alınması gereken önlemler sıralanmaktır. Bu kapsamda su ürünleri yetiştiricilik sektörüne ilişkin Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası A-Tarım, Ormancılık ve Balıkçılık ana sektörü 032-Su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğine ait 2021 yıllı konsolide gelir tablosu ve bilanço verileri, Türk somonuna ilişkin Doğu Karadeniz İhracatçılar Birliği verileri kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçları, Türk su ürünleri yetiştiriciliği sektörünün 2021 yılında bir önceki yıla göre %54 arttığı görülmüştür. Ancak, sektör yüksek finansal kaldıraç, sermaye piyasası araçlarından yeterince yararlanılmamış ve borç verenlerin baskısı gibi zorluklarla karşı karşıyadır. Türk somonu açısından ise DKİB verilerine göre 2022 yılında 37 ülkeye 49 bin ton ihracat gerçekleştirildiği ve 2019 yılına kıyasla 7 kat artarak toplamda 363 milyon USD gelir elde edilmiştir. Bu durum Türk somonunun markalaşması ve tanıtımı ile Türk somonuna yönelik yapılan yatırım ve desteklerin etkinliği vurgulanmaktadır.
Authorship Patterns in the Orthopaedic Journals of Low-Income and Lower-Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Young Jason , Xie Michael , Choi Soy , Osazuwa Isaiah , Robbins Jordan , Bain Paul A. , May Collin
Published: November 2023

Background:

Extensive research collaborations exist between researchers from high-income countries (HICs) and those from low-income countries (LICs) and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). Previous research has suggested that authors from LICs and LMICs are underrepresented as first and last authors in the orthopaedic literature on local populations, particularly in LICs. We present a bibliometric analysis of authorship solely in studies published in orthopaedic journals that are based in LICs and LMICs.

Methods:

The Global Index Medicus was queried, and all articles published from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2021, in journals with a focus on orthopaedic surgery that were based in an LIC or an LMIC were included. Logistic regressions were calculated to assess the predictors of local authorship.

Results:

Over 92% of studies included in our analysis had first or last authors from LICs or LMICs. In terms of study type, the majority (89%) of studies were clinical, although largely of low-level evidence (78% of clinical studies were case reports, case series, or descriptive studies). None received funding. LIC or LMIC first authorship and last authorship were less likely for most types of nonclinical studies. LIC or LMIC first authorship was more likely when there were more study authors. LIC or LMIC first authorship and last authorship were less likely when there were more countries affiliated with the study authors. Finally, when compared with studies with only LIC or LMIC authors, those with a combination of HIC and LIC or LMIC authors had significantly lower rates of LIC or LMIC first authorship (93.3% versus 62.5%) and last authorship (97.7% versus 70.8%).

Conclusions:

Our study presents one of the first analyses to assess authorship patterns in the orthopaedic literature of locally published journals in LICs and LMICs. Future studies are needed to contextualize our findings within a broader bibliometric landscape in order to better address the ongoing challenges to building research capacity in LICs and LMICs.

Clinical Relevance:

Our study highlights important observations regarding authorship in international, collaborative research in orthopaedics.
Philosophy of Historical Alternatives: “Uchronie” by Charles Renouvier
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Krotov A. A.
Published: November 2023

The article analyzes the philosophy of the history of French neo-Kantianism school founder, the creator of the idea of Uchronia, Charles Renouvier. Attention is focused on the theoretical atti­tudes inherent in various stages of the creative development of Renouvier, and on their connection with «utopia in history». In his philosophy of history, Renouvier opposed the concept of predesti­nation, the need for all events taking place. He insisted on the presence of freedom in history, on the possibility of moving along other paths of social reality, not fixed by tradition. In the alter­native version of history depicted by the French thinker, Christianity triumphed not in the West, but in the East. The Crusades took place but were geographically directed in the opposite course. Progress in understanding of religion later returned Christianity to the West in a form cleared of fa­naticism. Renouvier connected the future of human civilization with the republican social struc­ture. He predicted the end of all kinds of wars. In a cautious, veiled form he criticized the Second Empire regime in France. Renouvier’s concept contained both strengths and weaknesses. It is fruit­ful in its call to focus in political life on the idea of the effectiveness of human free will, the idea of maximizing the moral content of the concept of the state. It is vulnerable in its intention to at­tach decisive importance to the intellectual factor in history.
Philosophical and Religious Ideas of American Transcendentalism in the Teachings of Swami Vivekananda
Authors:   Russian Christian Humanitarian Academy, Zhukova Liubov
Published: November 2023

The article contains a comparative analysis of philosophical and religious views of the Indian thinker and public figure Swami Vivekananda and the philosophers of the American transcendentalism movement. The author focuses on understanding by the intellectuals of various aspects of the Divine. As representatives of American transcendentalism, the most prominent figures of this movement are considered, in whose works the main transcendentalism ideas are expressed – philosophers Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau and William Ellery Channing. Hermeneutical and historical-philosophical methods are used in the study. As a result, the obvious similarity of many positions in the teachings of thinkers is recognized, caused by common sources of their views. At the same time, significant differences in the views of Western philosophers and Indian thinker are revealed. They are represented in the ideas about the divinity of man, about nature as a metaphysical force, as well as in the question of the search for and knowledge of God. The conclusion about Vivekananda’s adequate comprehension of the works of American transcendentalists and his using of transcendentalism ideas for forming a masterful interpretation of the foundations of Indian culture for Western society is done.
Sense as an objective integrity: a phenomenological approach
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities (Russia), Shiyan Anna A.
Published: November 2023

The article focuses on the concept of sense in Husserl’s phenomenology. The author points to the presence of different interpretations of “sense” in phenomenology, and dwells in detail on the one that is consonant with the theme of this panel discussion. In this regard, the author refers to the introduction of the concept of sense as the core of the noema in the first book of “Ideas for Pure Phenomenology and Phenomenological Philosophy”. In accordance with the chosen interpretation strategy sense denotes an ob­ject considered in a phenomenological attitude, that is, an object from the point of view of its givenenness of consciousness. This means that the meaning and the subject mean­ingfully sense the same thing. From a phenomenological point of view, to perceive objec­tively means to perceive meaningfully. The article highlights the features of this concept of sense, which primarily include integrity and correlation with the content that already exists in consciousness. The author pays special attention to the fact that sense, as an ob­jective integrity, can be understood not only material things, but also relationships, pro­cesses, states of affairs, etc. The task of phenomenology is to fix the sense, their justifica­tion and research. This research can be carried out within the framework of a theoretical cognitive approach, where the identification of the conditions for the possibility of sense as knowledge and the determination of their truth come to the fore.
Sense positing and plurality of reason
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia), Smirnov Andrey V.
Published: November 2023

The article addresses the following question: what is sense (smysl) as such, not to be confused with the sense of something. The sense as such sets the absolute limit for human conscious­ness, since we can be conscious only of that which makes sense, and, vice versa, what makes sense is part of our consciousness. Sense is devoid of semiotic nature, for sense as such cannot be conceptualized as something opposed to meaning or related otherwise to it or to anything denoted. Sense is a tselostnost’ (integrity). Three basic axes for sense development are dis­cussed, that is, opposition-and-integration, unity-and-multiplicity, continuity-and-discreteness. The development of tselostnost’ (integrity) as the “what-and-such” svyaznost’ (linkage and coherence) may vary depending on the initial intuition of tselostnost’, laying down the basis for variations in pure reason. The author delineates a contour of the four types of pure reason developed by the four big cultures (European, Arab-Muslim, Indian and Chinese). This typol­ogy finds a sound parallel in the civilizational typology of reason proposed by A.V. Paribok.
The cognitive status of moral judgements
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia), Artemyeva Olga V.
Published: November 2023

The article deals with the problem of the cognitive status of moral judgements in moral philosophy and cognitive science. Having a cognitive status means that a judgement ade­quately expresses moral content in a form specific to morality. In moral philosophy, be­ginning with the Modern Times, the problem of cognitive status has been presented as a question about the nature of moral judgements and formulated as a dilemma of rea­son and sense. In the process of discussing this problem, two schools of thought emerged: intellectualism and sentimentalism, which set a paradigm for thinking about moral judge­ments that is also incorporated in contemporary ethics. In both, the assertion of the ‘ratio­nal’ or ‘emotional’ nature of moral judgements was used to justify such features as un­conditionality, directness, universality, imperativeness, and non-utilitarianism. In contem­porary cognitive science, the issue of the ‘rational’ or ‘emotional’ nature of moral judge­ments is related to the issue of the emotional-intuitive and rational-discursive factors in the formation of moral judgements. By analysing the theories of Jonathan Haidt, ac­cording to which sense-intuitive moral judgements have cognitive status, and Joshua Green, according to which only rational-discursive judgements have such status, it was shown that the dilemma of reason and feeling is not clarified in cognitive science, but only reproduced. The lesson that moral philosophy must learn from the discussion of moral judgements in cognitive science is to recognise that neither the validity of moral judgements nor their specific features depend on whether reason or feeling, reasoning or intuition is involved in their formation. These features are entirely determined by the specificity of morality as a cultural phenomenon and are not produced by natural mecha­nisms.
Biopolitical studies and research of biopolitics
Authors:   Scientific Research Center Arktika of Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia), Barbaruk Yuriy V.
Published: November 2023

Within the academic environment, we find the using of the term of biopolitics difficult because of its rather ambiguous definition. As a result, we can see either its naturalistic interpretations in which biopolitics is the application of life sciences (ethology, physio­logy, genetics, sociobiology, cybernetics, bioelementology, etc.) in modern politics, or definitions derived from Michel Foucault’s “biopower”, where biopolitics is a term that refers to techniques of managing all aspects of human life. In the one case, starting from biological knowledge, we come to a mosaic set of studies and techniques aimed directly or indirectly at the political process, the regulation of a political community. In the other case, we have got a historical and philosophical analysis of the development of tech­niques that allow for the control of entire populations in modern Western societies. This study proposed an approach to biopolitical issues in order to distinguish biopolitics, biopolitical research, and explorations in biopolitics. Such way of considering can improve the understanding of how different views interact with each other in this area, and how they relate to the existing practice of managing population.
Modernism and philosophical tradition
Authors:   National Research University “Higher School of Economics” in Saint-Petersburg (Russia), Rogonyan Garris S.
Published: November 2023

Many philosophers agree that in our relations with philosophical tradition we face a hermeneutic problem. This problem is how to achieve an adequate understanding of the representatives of this tradition. It is believed that we need to establish a dialogue with figures from the past, rather than attribute our own thoughts and ideas to them. However, few dare to offer a reliable way to achieve this. At the same time, there are those who believe that the hermeneutic problem points to a fundamentally problematic relationship with our history. In this case, we are talking not only about a separate prob­lem requiring its solution, but about a certain attitude as well. Within this attitude, we are focused not so much on an adequate interpretation of the philosophical tradition as on its overcoming. However, the nature of these problematic relations with tradition can be de­scribed differently. For example, one can consider their dependence on tradition as an ob­stacle to understanding oneself and one’s relations with the world. Conversely, one can consider it a condition for such understanding. It is the latter view that John McDowell adheres to. Without denying the obvious fact that there must be a certain distance be­tween different historical contexts, he nevertheless shows that there is no unbridgeable gap in philosophy between its present and past. The article provides an overview of how McDowell, relying on Wilfrid Sellars’s idea of the logical space of reasons and Hans-Georg Gadamer’s idea of fusion of horizons, solves this problem. In addition, the article shows why McDowell himself can be considered a representative of modernism in phi­losophy.
Shame in John Locke’s Moral Philosophy
Authors:   RAS Institute of Philosophy, Prokofyev Andrey V.
Published: November 2023

The paper deals with John Locke’s understanding of shame and its place in the moral experi­ence. The textual basis of the research includes An Essay Сoncerning Human Understand­ing, manuscripts related to it, and Some Thoughts Сoncerning Education. The Lockean un­derstanding of shame belongs to a tradition that identifies shame with the fear or pain (Locke uses the term ‘uneasiness’) caused by public condemnation and loss of respect. Shame is a central mechanism of the emergence and carrying out of ‘the laws of public opinion, or reputation’, despite the fact that the notion of shame is absent from the Locke’s description of these laws. However some manuscripts on the same topic contain it. In An Essay, the loss of reputation in a particular community is indistinguishable from the loss of virtue. That is why the traditional opinion that a sense of shame is a less perfect personal feature than virtue can not be expressed there. Though it is clearly expressed in Some Thoughts Concerning Education. Reputation and, therefore, the capacity to feel shame are not ‘the true principle and measure of virtue’ there. And virtue itself is not the obeyance of ‘the laws of public opinion’, or reputation, but ‘following the dictates of that light God has given’ a man. Nevertheless it is our desire to maintain good reputation and our sense of shame that serve as a gateway to the genuine autonomous virtue. Some hy­potheses about the causes of these changes in the general context of the Locke’ understand­ing of shame are advanced in the paper.
Figurative, Symbolic and Contemplative Cognition. Part II: From Chr.A. Crusius to I. Kant
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Krouglov Alexei N.
Published: November 2023

This paper is the second part of the investigation. Chr. A. Crusius in the “Way to the Certainty and Adequacy of Human Knowledge” introduced the most developed alternative view to Wolffian position regarding symbolic and contemplating correlation. He preferred the contemplating cognition and tied its functioning with imagination. Kant in the “Critique of Pure Reason” brings about a terminology revolution and changes the style of the problem consideration. He turns the proceeding from F. Viet and G.W. Leibniz’s art “speciosa generalis”, which was earlier thought as symbolic, into a priori figurative synthesis. Following the changes in the nature of sensibility and understanding treatment, Kant rejects the opposition of intuitive or contemplative and symbolic in favour of the following oppositions: intuitive is opposed to discursive, while the contemplation is opposed to the understanding concept. The figurative synthesis as a result of transcendental faculty of imagination instead of the former empirical imagery creates the schematic possibility of the empirical image per se. This well-developed Kant’s position unwittingly put aside Wolff’s program of reduction of the symbolic cognition to quasi-intuitive one. However, today this program can have a practical importance and enrich the problem of the cognition visibility.
Russian Intelligentsia to the Face of Philosophical Truth: Historical and Moral Choice
Authors:   HSE University, Zhukova Olga A.
Published: November 2023

Intellectual experiences of Russian philosophers of the 19th and first half of the 20th centuries devoted to Russia demonstrate the intensive work of national self – knowledge. The concentration of thinkers on a certain range of topics, such as freedom and revolution, the state and society, culture and politics, religion and ideology, indicates a high density and polemical intensity of discussion. The thematic focus of Russian thought on national and cultural issues creates an end-to-end narrative with an open structure, where texts are dialogically intertwined with each other. These statements often indicate a value and ideological conflict between various actors in the social history of Russia. This historiosophical narrative can be interpreted as a meta-text of Russian social and religious-philosophical thought, which in many senses is the practice of self-description of the national intelligentsia. It testifies to her spiritual and ideological quest, the struggle for a social ideal – about the moral choice of thinking Russian people, which encourages criticism of the historical experience of Russia. The main problem of this pre-revolutionary and post-revolutionary discourse is the question of the moral and political responsibility of the educated class for the historical choice of Russia and its fate. The most important from a historical and philosophical point of view texts are the works of Russian Silver Age thinkers. Their arguments about Russia include both a reaction to the events of the three Russian revolutions and the Great War, which traumatized the consciousness of the intelligentsia, and a painful post-traumatic reception of their own intellectual tradition and the moral deformation of ideals that took place in it. Those ideals based on the idea of freedom and philosophical honesty in achieving the truth.
Intertextual Approach in the Study of Works by P.A. Florensky
Authors:   School of Philosophy and Cultural Studies. HSE-University, Zhukova Marina V.
Published: November 2023

The article highlights the possibility of considering the works by P.A. Florensky through the prism of an intertextual approach. In order to fully determine the relevance of the intertextual approach to the study of this issue, the article articulates such concepts as intertext and intertextuality, and Florensky’s legacy itself is considered from the point of view of Barth’s idea of the Text. А program for studying Florensky’s works is proposed based on the conclusions. This program consists in considering the author’s legacy with an emphasis on reading the text and the meanings embedded in it without searching for borrowed the other philosophers’ ideas. At the same time, the article summarizes the importance of preserving the figure of the author as the creator of the text, although in a situation of reducing his role, as opposed to the intertextual approach where the role of the author is eliminated, replaced with a scriptor. Intertextual optics allows us to characterize Florensky’s texts in terms of their high ability to generate new texts and inherent meanings.
The Idea of the Integrity of Human Nature in the Works of Cyril of Turov in the Context of the Byzantine Patristic Tradition
Authors:   aculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), Volkova Anastasiia
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the anthropological views of Cyril of Turov on the relationship of spiritual and bodily principles in human nature. In connection with this goal, a review of general anthropological ideas about human nature, presented in Eastern Christian patristic thought, is undertaken in order to identify possible continuity in the works of the ancient Russian author. The tradition of anthropological dualism characteristic of Byzantine patristic thought is shown. A detailed reflection of the relationship between the spiritual and the carnal in human nature is considered on the material of such early works by Cyril of Turov as “A word about the monasticism”, “The Legend of the Chernorizsky rank”, and later – “The Parable of the Soul and Body”, “The Word about the Relaxed”. As a result of the research, the author of the article concludes that, firstly, physicality in the anthropology of the ancient Russian author acts as a necessary outer shell for the soul, a form that is not sinful in isolation from spiritual movements, but acts as a receptacle of vice in connection with the free will of a person who has decided to live his life in satisfying earthly temptations and animals needs. Secondly, sin is an exclusively spiritual burden and spiritual responsibility. And, finally, thirdly, according to Cyril of Turov, soul and body are not opposed within a human being, but act as necessary, equally significant parts of the indivisible, undifferentiated integrity of the perfect creation of the Lord – man.
Designing the social role of a scientist: from professional competencies to solving global problems
Authors:   RAS Institute of Philosophy, Pirozhkova Sophia V. , Omelaenko Valentina V. ,   RAS Institute of Philosophy
Published: November 2023

Who is a modern employee in the field of research and development – a representative of one of the many professions or a carrier of a special social role? The authors of the article try to answer this question by analyzing the normative, framework and strategic documenta­tion designed to bring uniformity to the educational practices of future scientists and the sys­tem of professional qualifications. It is shown that starting from the lecture of M.M. Weber, in which he stated that the activity of a scientist is no longer built in accordance with the so­cial model of vocation, but is normalized as a profession among other professions, it is con­sidered that research work requires the formation of special knowledge and skills of a future scientist. The framework documents developed by the efforts of the countries of the Euro­pean Union, representing the system of research competencies and their development, as well as UNESCO documents that set the foundations of the legal and social status of a re­searcher, form a different image of a scientist. It correlates with such trends in the develop­ment of science as the expansion of interdisciplinary research, and such trends in education and staffing in various fields as the strengthening of the importance of not narrow special, but universal skills and competencies. As an important component of universal competencies, the authors emphasize agency – social and socio-political entrepreneurship. The conformity of normative documentation and real practice is critically analyzed, limitations and problems are identified that hinder the realization of the social role of a scientist as responsible not only for individual consequences of scientific discoveries and technical inventions, but for the devel­opment of society as a whole and, therefore, called upon to actively participate in dialogue with various social actors, making various decisions and developing public consensus.
The paradox of trust in artificial intelligence and its rationale
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Leshkevich Tatiana G.
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the phenomenon of trust in digital intelligent sys­tems that are actively involved in the transformation of social practices, decision-making processes and become “new” mediators of our existence. As AI technologies run into trou­ble, the main challenge is to analyze the paradox of trust in AI, which includes both trust in online systems, servers and software, as well as failures demonstrated by artificial intelli­gence. The purpose of the article is to study the paradox of trust in the AI system, taking into account the comparison of “pro & contra” arguments. This involves, firstly, identifying the essence and specifics of the proxy culture as a culture of trust. Secondly, consideration of AI opacity and algorithmic responsibility becomes important. The theoretical basis is the mod­ern work of Russian and foreign researchers. The methodological strategy includes a com­parative analysis and comparison of the socio-humanitarian understanding of trust and the specifics of trust in AI. The conclusions are based on the following statements. The AI trust paradox is accompanied by an obscure compromise, the essence of which is to ignore all the risks due to the usability of fast intelligent systems. Algorithmic responsibility, aimed at re­ducing the unreliability and threats of using AI, conflicts with the obligation provided by the programmed code. The priorities of technological evolution are to develop standards for al­gorithmic transparency that ensure the disclosure of information related to the consequences of algorithmic decisions.
Ontological layers of modern technology
Authors:   Pe­ter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Bylieva Daria S. , Nordmann Alfred ,   Darmstadt Technical Univer­sity
Published: November 2023

The word “technology” in the modern understanding became the subject of wide discussion only at the second part of the XXth century. Today technology is considered as ontologically distinct, no longer a dependent process but a special phenomenon. It encompasses many meanings from different discourses, the word is used as self-evident, and is employed in a wide variety of contexts, sometimes with widely divergent implications. In order to re­veal the ontological heterogeneity of this concept, we consider it in three layers or levels of being: the subject-object level where technology breaks up into many objects, practices and knowledge, presented phenomenologically and closely related to various areas of scien­tific activity; the social level where technology permeates society as a network, system and power, a web of influences and relationships that shape the technological environment in which people exist; and the metaphysical level where technology is seen as the fate of hu­mankind. Technology turns out to be the cornerstone of modernity, entering into a dialectical contradiction with nature and culture, and is considered as the driving force of civilizational development.
Diurnal cortisol, neuroinflammation and cerebrovascular dysfunction biomarkers in a memory clinic cohort: findings from the Co-STAR study
Authors: Daniilidou Makrina , Holleman Jasper , Hagman Göran , Kåreholt Ingemar , Sindi Shireen , Aspö Malin , Brinkmalm Ann , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Solomon Alina , Kivipelto Miia , Matton Anna
Published: November 2023

Cortisol dysregulation, neuroinflammation and cerebrovascular dysfunction are biological processes that have been separately shown to be affected in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we aimed to identify biomarker signatures reflecting these pathways in 108 memory clinic patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCI, N=40), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, N=39) and AD (N=29). Participants were from the well characterized Cortisol and Stress in Alzheimer’s Disease (Co-STAR) cohort, recruited at Karolinska University Hospital. Salivary diurnal cortisol measures and 41 CSF proteins were analyzed. Principal component analysis was applied to identify combined biosignatures related to AD pathology, synaptic loss and neuropsychological assessments, in linear regressions adjusted for confounders, such as age, sex, education and diagnosis. We found increased CSF levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interferon γ-inducible protein (IP-10), thymus and activation regulated chemokine (TARC), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in MCI patients. Further, markers of cortisol dysregulation (flattened salivary cortisol awakening response and flattened cortisol slope) correlated with increased levels of placental growth factor (PlGF), IP-10 and chitinase 3-like 1 (YKL-40) in the total cohort. A biosignature composed of cortisol awakening response, cortisol slope and CSF IL-6 was downregulated in AD patients. Moreover, biomarker signatures reflecting overlapping pathophysiological processes of neuroinflammation and vascular injury were associated with AD pathology, synaptic loss and worsened processing speed. Our findings suggest an early dysregulation of immune and cerebrovascular processes during the MCI stage and provide insights into the interrelationship of chronic stress and neuroinflammation in AD.
Divergent transcriptomic profiles in depressed individuals with hyper- and hypophagia implicating inflammatory status
Authors: Klengel Torsten , Dan Shu , Hall Julia , Holsen Laura
Published: November 2023

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a heterogenous and etiologically complex disease encompassing a broad spectrum of psychopathology, presumably arising from distinct pathophysiological mechanisms. Divergent appetitive phenotypes including Hyperphagic MDD (characterized by an increased appetite) and Hypophagic MDD (characterized by a decrease in appetite) are important clinical characteristics that are closely related to comorbidities, including cardiometabolic disorders. Prior evidence supports the notion that hyperphagia is associated with atypical depression, decreased stress-hormone signaling, a pro-inflammatory status, hypersomnia, and poorer clinical outcomes. Yet, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of Hyperphagic and Hypophagic MDD is limited, and knowledge of associated biological correlates of these endophenotypes remain fragmented. We performed an exploratory study on peripheral blood RNA profiling using bulk RNAseq in unmedicated individuals with Hyperphagic and Hypophagic MDD (n=8 and n=13, respectively) and discovered individual genes and gene pathways associated with appetitive phenotypes. In addition, we used the Maastricht Acute Stress Task to uncover stress-related transcriptomic profiles in Hyper- and Hypophagic MDD.
Robust Online Multi-robot Simultaneous Exploration and Coverage Path Planning
Authors: Nair Vishnu G , V Dileep M , R Guruprasad K
Published: November 2023

In this paper, a robust online Multi-robot Simultaneous exploration and coveragepath planning problem is presented. The entire workspace is initially partitionedusing the Manhattan Voronoi partitioning method, and the robots execute Multi-Robot Simultaneous Exploration and Coverage (MRSimExCoverage) using theSpanning Tree Coverage (STC) algorithm and cover the workspace. Once the robot(s) failure is detected the uncovered portions of the Voronoi cell of the failedrobot will be shared between other eligible robots or a replacement strategy,ifavailable, is performed. Simulation experiments within the V-rep environment isused to demonstrate and validate the performance of the proposed algorithm.Though the authors used the STC algorithm for path planning for the purposeof demonstration, any suitable coverage algorithm may be used.
The impact of extreme heat and cold on energy poverty
Authors: Li Ang , Toll Mathew , Bentley Rebecca
Published: November 2023

Climate change is shifting the distribution of temperature. The occurrence of more intense, prolonged, and frequent extreme ambient temperatures is redistributing the experience of energy hardship from a problem primarily affecting colder climates to a global issue. To better understand the relationship between climate change and energy poverty, and to develop public policy cognizant of the economic consequences for households, we examine the relationship between temperature and energy hardship risk across climate zones in Australia. Using large nationally representative data (281,956 observations) on energy poverty linked to temperature records between 2005 and 2021, the study investigates the effect of the intensity, duration, and frequency of extreme heat and cold temperatures on energy hardship, and how this risk is differently experienced depending on individual, housing and neighbourhood vulnerabilities and adaptive capacities. Our findings suggest that the risk of energy poverty increases at an accelerating rate with hotter temperatures, and the upward trend in the risk of energy poverty was more pronounced after the average maximum temperature reached 30℃. Conversely, the risk of energy poverty decreases with cold extremes becoming warmer. Middle-aged people (especially in their 30s), women, lone parents, group or multi-family households, and rental tenants were most at risk, though these individual vulnerabilities can be offset by high-quality housing that was protective of the effect of temperature extremes on energy hardship. The risk of energy poverty under a high emissions global warming scenario is projected to increase by 1.08%-1.98% attributable to hotter extreme heat and decrease by 1.63%-2.84% attributable to warmer winter temperatures in long run. Energy hardship will remain a concern despite raising temperatures driven by more extreme heat, especially for populations with individual vulnerabilities and lacking adapted housing and neighbourhoods.