bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breaking the mold: Study strategies of students who improve their achievement on introductory biology exams
Authors: Sebesta Amanda J. , Bray Speth Elena
Published: July 2023

Students’ use of learning strategies (i.e., what students do when studying) is linked to their achievement in undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) courses, and several study strategies have been individually associated with course and exam grades in multiple contexts. In this study, we surveyed students in a learner-centered, large-enrollment introductory biology course about their study strategies. We aimed to identify groups of strategies that students often reported together, possibly reflecting broader approaches to studying. Exploratory factor analysis revealed three groups of study strategies frequently co-reported (which we named housekeeping strategies, use of course materials, and metacognitive strategies). These strategy groups map onto a model of learning that associates specific suites of strategies to phases of learning, which correspond to different levels of cognitive and metacognitive engagement. Consistent with previous work, only some study strategies were significantly associated with exam scores: students reporting higher use of course materials and of metacognitive strategies earned higher scores on the first course exam. Students who improved on the subsequent course exam reported increasing their use of housekeeping strategies and of course materials. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of students’ approaches to studying in introductory college biology and of the relationships between study strategies and achievement. This work may support instructors in adopting intentional classroom practices to foster students’ development as self-regulated learners, able to identify expectations and criteria for success and to implement appropriate and effective study strategies.
Acceptance of and adherence with long-term positive airway pressure treatment in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Laratta Cheryl R. , Moore Linn E. , Jen Rachel , Campbell Sandra M. , MacLean Joanna E. , Pendharkar Sachin R. , Rowe Brian H.
Published: July 2023

Background

Long-term noninvasive positive airway pressure (PAP) treatment is effective treatment for sleep-related breathing disorders and chronic hypercarbic respiratory failure secondary to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). PAP treatment may be delivered as continuous positive airway pressure or noninvasive ventilation. Success in initiating PAP treatment and barriers to its use in adult patients with COPD are largely unknown. This systematic review aims to identify the acceptance of and adherence to PAP treatment prescribed for long-term use in adult patients with COPD and to summarize variables associated with these measures.

Methods

Seven online electronic databases will be searched by an experienced medical librarian to identify records containing the concepts “obstructive airways disease” and “noninvasive positive airway pressure” and “acceptance” or “adherence”. Randomized and non-randomized studies of interventions will be included. Citation lists from relevant articles will be reviewed, and experts will be contacted regarding unpublished studies. Abstracts from key conferences between 2018–2023 and Google Scholar search results will be reviewed for inclusion. Titles, abstracts and full texts will be reviewed independently for inclusion by two reviewers. Data extraction will be completed by one author using a pre-established form and primary outcomes confirmed by a second author. Methodological quality will be evaluated. If sufficient data are available for meta-analysis, a pooled summary statistic for the primary outcome will be calculated using a random-effects generic inverse-variance meta-analysis, weighted proportion or weighted medians-based approach. Subgroup analysis will explore clinically meaningful sources of heterogeneity. Variables that are associated with acceptance and adherence will be described.

Discussion

Long-term PAP treatment is a complex intervention prescribed to patients with COPD for several indications. Synthesis of the evidence on success with PAP treatment and variables associated with acceptance or adherence will inform program and policy development for supporting patients with COPD who are prescribed this therapy.

Trial registration

Systematic review registration: This protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on July 13, 2021 (registration number CRD42021259262), with revisions submitted on April 17, 2023.
Association of reduced serum EGF and leptin levels with the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder: A case-control study
Authors: Sohan Md. , Qusar M. M. A. Shalahuddin , Shahriar Mohammad , Islam Sardar Mohammad Ashraful , Bhuiyan Mohiuddin Ahmed , Islam Md. Rabiul
Published: July 2023

Background

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous mental disorder having a very diverse course and causing a significant changes in daily life. Though the exact pathophysiology of depression is still not known, an alteration in the serum levels of cytokines and neurotrophic factors was seen in MDD subjects. In this study, we compared the serum levels of ‘pro-inflammatory cytokine leptin and neurotrophic factor EGF’ in healthy controls (HCs) and MDD patients. To make the findings more accurate, we eventually looked for a correlation between altered serum leptin and EGF levels and the severity of the disease condition.

Methods

For this case-control study, about 205 MDD patients were enrolled from the Department of Psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, and about 195 HCs were enrolled from various parts of Dhaka. The DSM-5 was utilized to evaluate and diagnose the participants. The HAM-D 17 scale was used to measure the severity of depression. After collecting blood samples, they were centrifuged to produce clear serum samples. These serum samples were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits to measure serum leptin and EGF levels.

Results

We observed lowered serum EGF levels in MDD patients compared to HCs (524.70 ± 27.25 pg/ml vs. 672.52 ± 49.64 pg/ml,p= 0.009), and HAM-D score was elevated in MDD patients compared to HCs (17.17 ± 0.56 vs. 2.49 ± 0.43,p<0.001). But no correlation was established between serum EGF levels and the severity of depression. However, no significant differences were observed between MDD patients and HCs in the case of serum leptin levels (p= 0.231).

Conclusion

Our study findings suggest that reduced serum EGF levels have an impact on the pathogenesis of depression. But as per our investigation, the severity of depression is not correlated with altered EGF levels. Our findings regarding the association of EGF with MDD would help to use EGF as a risk indicator of depression. We suggest further clinical investigations to determine the precise function of leptin and EGF in depression.
Adaptation of a transmitted/founder simian-human immunodeficiency virus for enhanced replication in rhesus macaques
Authors: Bauer Anya , Lindemuth Emily , Marino Francesco Elia , Krause Ryan , Joy Jaimy , Docken Steffen S. , Mallick Suvadip , McCormick Kevin , Holt Clinton , Georgiev Ivelin , Felber Barbara , Keele Brandon F. , Veazey Ronald , Davenport Miles P. , Li Hui , Shaw George M. , Bar Katharine J.
Published: July 2023

Transmitted/founder (TF) simian-human immunodeficiency viruses (SHIVs) express HIV-1 envelopes modified at position 375 to efficiently infect rhesus macaques while preserving authentic HIV-1 Env biology. SHIV.C.CH505 is an extensively characterized virus encoding the TF HIV-1 Env CH505 mutated at position 375 shown to recapitulate key features of HIV-1 immunobiology, including CCR5-tropism, a tier 2 neutralization profile, reproducible early viral kinetics, and authentic immune responses. SHIV.C.CH505 is used frequently in nonhuman primate studies of HIV, but viral loads after months of infection are variable and typically lower than those in people living with HIV. We hypothesized that additional mutations besides Δ375 might further enhance virus fitness without compromising essential components of CH505 Env biology. From sequence analysis of SHIV.C.CH505-infected macaques across multiple experiments, we identified a signature of envelope mutations associated with higher viremia. We then used short-term in vivo mutational selection and competition to identify a minimally adapted SHIV.C.CH505 with just five amino acid changes that substantially improve virus replication fitness in macaques. Next, we validated the performance of the adapted SHIV in vitro and in vivo and identified the mechanistic contributions of selected mutations. In vitro, the adapted SHIV shows improved virus entry, enhanced replication on primary rhesus cells, and preserved neutralization profiles. In vivo, the minimally adapted virus rapidly outcompetes the parental SHIV with an estimated growth advantage of 0.14 days-1 and persists through suppressive antiretroviral therapy to rebound at treatment interruption. Here, we report the successful generation of a well-characterized, minimally adapted virus, termed SHIV.C.CH505.v2, with enhanced replication fitness and preserved native Env properties that can serve as a new reagent for NHP studies of HIV-1 transmission, pathogenesis, and cure.
Macrophage infectivity potentiator protein, a peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase, essential for Coxiella burnetii growth and pathogenesis
Authors: Debowski Aleksandra W. , Bzdyl Nicole M. , Thomas David R. , Scott Nichollas E. , Jenkins Christopher H. , Iwasaki Jua , Kibble Emily A. , Khoo Chen Ai , Scheuplein Nicolas J. , Seibel Pamela M. , Lohr Theresa , Metters Georgie , Bond Charles S. , Norville Isobel H. , Stubbs Keith A. , Harmer Nicholas J. , Holzgrabe Ulrike , Newton Hayley J. , Sarkar-Tyson Mitali
Published: July 2023

Coxiella burnetii is a Gram-negative intracellular pathogen that causes the debilitating disease Q fever, which affects both animals and humans. The only available human vaccine, Q-Vax, is effective but has a high risk of severe adverse reactions, limiting its use as a countermeasure to contain outbreaks. Therefore, it is essential to identify new drug targets to treat this infection. Macrophage infectivity potentiator (Mip) proteins catalyse the folding of proline-containing proteins through their peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) activity and have been shown to play an important role in the virulence of several pathogenic bacteria. To date the role of the Mip protein in C. burnetii pathogenesis has not been investigated. This study demonstrates that CbMip is likely to be an essential protein in C. burnetii. The pipecolic acid derived compounds, SF235 and AN296, which have shown utility in targeting other Mip proteins from pathogenic bacteria, demonstrate inhibitory activities against CbMip. These compounds were found to significantly inhibit intracellular replication of C. burnetii in both HeLa and THP-1 cells. Furthermore, SF235 and AN296 were also found to exhibit antibiotic properties against both the virulent (Phase I) and avirulent (Phase II) forms of C. burnetii Nine Mile Strain in axenic culture. Comparative proteomics, in the presence of AN296, revealed alterations in stress responses with H2O2 sensitivity assays validating that Mip inhibition increases the sensitivity of C. burnetii to oxidative stress. In addition, SF235 and AN296 were effective in vivo and significantly improved the survival of Galleria mellonella infected with C. burnetii. These results suggest that unlike in other bacteria, Mip in C. burnetii is required for replication and that the development of more potent inhibitors against CbMip is warranted and offer potential as novel therapeutics against this pathogen.
Narratives and legacies of 1960s Vogue Italia covers on contemporary Italian young women
Authors: Noia Eleonora , Mazzucotelli Salice Silvia , Capalbi Antonella
Published: July 2023

The article investigates the legacy, in terms of narratives and representations of femininity, of Vogue Italia covers from the 1960s and 1970s on contemporary Italian young women. To do this, we visually and textually analyse two different corpora: 143 Vogue Italia covers, retrieved from the Vogue Italia Archive and published between 1964 (Vogue’s first publication in Italy) and 1974 and between 2020 and 2022; and 46 mock covers of fashion simulated magazines created by female undergraduate fashion students during the academic years 2020/2021 and 2021/2022. Through the first corpus we examine the hegemonic discourse of Vogue Italia, assuming that it expresses the typical Italian way of creating and expressing female fashion while reflecting the shifting ideologies of the Italian feminist movement over the last century; the second corpus reveals the imaginations and narratives of young girls on fashion, disclosing how women’s – and girls’ – identities have been shaped over time and how the standards for femininity, beauty, happiness and health have been transferred and reworked from one generation to the next. In our study the parallel investigation between the longitudinal analysis of the visual apparatus Vogue Italia and the covers produced by students shows, first, elements of continuity and similarity in the communicative and instrumental use of fashion, according to the practice of remixing. Second, it demonstrates that students assimilated successfully the narrative codes typical of traditional fashion communication media but they reinterpret the imagery and representations disseminated, thus bringing into the public discourse issues such as sustainability, gender, diversity, body positivity and stereotypes. Therefore, the study also reveals that girls have always been more than simple passive consumers of fashion magazines and cultural products.
The Dyslexia-associated gene KIAA0319L is involved in neuronal migration in the developing chick visual system
Authors: Charish Jason , Harada Hidekiyo , Chen Xiaoyan , Wälchli Thomas , Barr Cathy L. , Monnier Philippe P.
Published: July 2023

The gene KIAA0319-Like (KIAA0319L) is thought to confer susceptibility for developmental dyslexia. Dyslexia may be caused by alterations in neuronal migration, and in utero knockdown of KIAA0319L in rats indicated migration errors. However, studies carried out with KIAA0319L knockout mice did not reveal an altered neuronal migration phenotype. Gene knockout may activate compensatory mechanisms to buffer against genetic mutations during development. Here we assessed the role of KIAA0319L on migrating neurons in the chick developing tectum. Whole mount in situ hybridization was performed for KIAA0319L on embryonic day (E)3 – E5 chick embryos and in situ hybridization on sections was performed at later stages. The specificity and efficiency of engineered microRNA (miRNA) constructs targeting KIAA0319L for knocking down KIAA0319L were verified. miRNAs were electroporated into E5 chick optic tecta. Our studies demonstrate that KIAA0319L is expressed in the developing chick visual system, as well as in the otic vesicles. Knockdown of KIAA0319L in the optic tectum results in abnormal neuronal migration, strengthening the argument that KIAA0319L is involved in this developmental process.
Studi Prospektif pada Anak dengan Manifestasi Neurologi yang Terinfeksi SARS-CoV-2 di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Sardjito, Yogyakarta
Authors: Iskandar Kristy , Triono Agung , Swipratami Alexandra Widita , Dewi Yunika Puspa , Hadiyanto Marissa Leviani , Kirana Ignatia Rosalia , Rizki Salsabilla Hasna Mutiara , Herini Elisabeth Siti
Published: July 2023

Latar belakang. Infeksi virus SARS-CoV-2 dilaporkan menyerang anak-anak dengan prevalensi 1-5% kasus di dunia. Manifestasi neurologis dapat terjadi pada fase akut maupun subakut infeksi SARS-CoV-2. Gejala neurologi telah ditemukan pada 9,2% pasien anak dengan COVID-19 dan berhubungan dengan perburukan kualitas hidup serta prognosis pasien. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kejadian infeksi SARS-COV-2 pada anak dengan manifestasi neurologi di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Sardjito pada tahun 2021.Metode. Penelitian deskriptif prospektif ini mengambil subjek pasien berusia 0-18 tahun dengan manifestasi neurologi yang dirawat di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Sardjito pada Januari 2021 sampai Januari 2022. Pemeriksaan konfirmasi SARS-CoV-2 dilakukan dengan swab tenggorokan dan cairan serebrospinal yang dianalisis melalui polymerase chain reaction dan/atau antibodi Immunoglobulin G dan M serum.Hasil. Infeksi SARS-CoV-2 ditemukan pada 45,5% pasien ensefalitis/ensefalopati, 30,3% pasien status epileptikus, 21,2% pasien epilepsi, 21,2% pasien gangguan neuromuskular, dan 12,1% pasien stroke. Delapan belas pasien (54,5%) memenuhi kriteria MIS-C. Tidak ditemukan hubungan signifikan antara luaran pasien dengan insidensi infeksi SARS-CoV-2 (p=0,4).Kesimpulan. Infeksi SARS-CoV-2 positif ditemukan cukup tinggi pada pasien dengan manifestasi neurologi. Kejadian multisystem inflammatory syndrome meningkat pada pasien anak dengan manifestasi neurologi yang terinfeksi SARS-CoV-2 sehingga memerlukan pengawasan.
Hubungan Pola Asuh Orangtua terhadap Perkembangan Bahasa dan Bicara pada Anak Usia 18 – 72 Bulan di Era Pandemi dengan Denver secara Daring: Sebuah Studi Pendahuluan
Authors: Anthony Clifford Peter , Setiawan Andy , Surjono Edward , Wijaya Ellen
Published: July 2023

Latar belakang. Pola asuh orangtua diduga memiliki hubungan yang kuat dengan perkembangan bahasa dan bicara anak. Tujuan. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menilai hubungan pola asuh orangtua terhadap perkembangan bahasa dan bicara pada anak usia 18-72 bulan serta menilai kesesuaian antara uji Denver II daring dengan uji Kuesioner Pra Skrining Perkembangan.Metode. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan desain penelitian analitik observasional dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Pengambilan data dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari 2021 sampai Juli 2021. Kuesioner dibagikan secara daring kepada orangtua dan dilakukan panggilan video dengan perangkat lunak melalui aplikasi Whatsapp® untuk pemeriksaan Denver II daring dan Kuesioner Pra Skrining Perkembangan. Hubungan antara pola asuh dan perkembangan dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi square (x2), sedangkan uji kesesuaian antara Denver II daring dengan Kuesioner Pra Skrining Perkembangan menggunakan nilai kappa.Hasil. Uji Chi square menunjukan hubungan yang bermakna menggunakan Denver II daring (p=0,00) dan menunjukan hubungan yang tidak bermakna menggunakan Kuesioner Pra Skrining Perkembangan (p=0,84). Nilai kappa antara Denver II daring dan Kuesioner Pra Skrining Perkembangan bernilai 0,49.Kesimpulan. Terdapat hubungan antara pola asuh orangtua terhadap perkembangan bahasa dan bicara pada anak usia 18-72 bulan tahun 2020 serta terdapat kesesuaian yang baik antara Denver II daring dengan Kuesioner Pra Skrining Perkembangan.
Hubungan Kadar Ferritin Serum dengan Fungsi Tiroid pada Anak dengan Thalassemia beta Mayor
Authors: Gaya Melisha Lisman , Rini Eka Agustia , Izzah Amirah Zatil
Published: July 2023

Latar belakang. Thalassemia beta mayor merupakan penyakit yang ditandai dengan anemia kronik, hipoksia kronik jaringan, dan pemberian transfusi darah seumur hidup. Penumpukan besi akibat pemberian transfusi berulang berefek toksik pada berbagai organ, termasuk kelenjar tiroid.Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan antara kelebihan beban besi dengan kejadian hipotiroid pada anak yang menderita thalassemia beta mayor.Metode. Penelitian cross-sectional terhadap 43 subjek dengan thalassemia beta mayor dan mendapat transfusi darah rutin pada periode April 2018-Februari 2019. Subjek dipilih secara total sampling dan dikelompokkan berdasarkan kadar ferritin serum <2500 µg/L dan >2500 µg/L. Hasil kadar tiroksin dan thyroid stimulating hormone dikelompokkan menjadi eutiroid dan hipotiroid. Hasil analisis statistik bermakna bila p<0,05.Hasil. Kadar ferritin serum <2500 µg/L dan >2500 µg/L terdapat pada masing-masing 19 (44,2%) dan 24 (55,8%) subjek. Hipotiroid terjadi pada 13 (38,1%) subjek dengan kadar ferritin >2500 ?g/L dan delapan (38,1%) subjek dengan kadar ferritin <2500 µg/L. Tidak ditemukan hubungan bermakna antara ferritin serum dengan fungsi tiroid pada subjek (p=0,432).Kesimpulan. Persentase hipotiroid meningkat seiring peningkatan kadar ferritin serum, tetapi tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara kadar ferritin serum dengan fungsi tiroid pada anak dengan thalassemia beta mayor.
Faktor Risiko Gagal Tumbuh pada Anak Human Immunodeficiency Virus /Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Authors: Novianti Ratna Ardiana , Hapsari MMDEAH , Pratiwi Rina
Published: July 2023

Latar belakang. Gangguan pertumbuhan disertai malnutrisi merupakan faktor morbiditas dan mortalitas anak dengan Human Immunodeficiency Virus /Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Pertumbuhan suboptimal anak tersebut memiliki beberapa kemungkinan mekanisme yang mendasari, yaitu penyakit tersebut, penyakit penyerta, asupan nutrisi kurang, dan malabsorpsi.Tujuan. Mengetahui faktor risiko gagal tumbuh pada anak Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency SyndromeMetode. Penelitian analitik observasional desain kasus-kontrol pada anak usia lima tahun satu bulan – 14 tahun. Pembagian kelompok berdasar berat badan saat ini dibandingkan data berat badan enam bulan sebelumnya dan diplotting pada kurva Weight for Age . Data waktu dimulainya antiretroviral, kepatuhan pengobatan, infeksi oportunistik, status gizi awal terapi, asupan nutrisi, kondisi imunosupresi saat terdiagnosis, dan kondisi malabsorpsi dicatat. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistical package for the social sciences versi 23.Hasil. Total 58 anak, 30 mengalami gagal tumbuh, 28 tidak mengalami gagal tumbuh. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan pada asupan nutrisi subjek penelitian (p=0,002, OR 5,81, IK 95% 1,870 – 18,027). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan faktor paling dominan memengaruhi gagal tumbuh pada anak HIV/AIDS adalah status gizi kurang-buruk awal terapi (OR 3,97 IK 95% 1,08-14,59; p=0,038) dan pemenuhan protein kurang dari 100% (OR 15,11 IK 95% 1,69-84,90; p=0,002).Kesimpulan. Status gizi kurang-buruk dan pemenuhan protein kurang dari 100% memiliki kemungkinan besar terjadinya gagal tumbuh.
Perbandingan Luaran Transfusi Sel Darah Merah secara Restriktif dan Liberal pada Bayi Prematur
Authors: Marsubrin Putri Maharani Tristanita , Akbariyyah Nila
Published: July 2023

Latar belakang. Anemia merupakan salah satu komplikasi yang sering dialami oleh bayi prematur. Batas kadar hemoglobin atau hematokrit untuk pemberian transfusi pada bayi prematur masih menjadi perdebatan. Transfusi sel darah merah bermanfaat, tetapi terdapat beberapa komplikasi. Saat ini, belum ada konsensus mengenai ambang batas kapan bayi prematur perlu mendapatkan transfusi sel darah merah.Tujuan. Mengetahui keamanan dan luaran klinis transfusi sel darah sel darah merah pada ambang batas hemoglobin liberal dan restriktif. Metode. Penulusuran pustaka database elektronik, yaitu Pubmed, Ebcohost, Embase, dan The Cochraine Library dengan kata kunci “preterm”, “AND” “transfusion”, “AND” “red blood cells”, “AND” “liberal”, “OR” “restrictive”Hasil. Penelusuran literatur diperoleh 2 artikel yang terpilih kemudian dilakukan telaah kritis. Studi oleh Fu dkk, transfusi liberal dapat mengurangi durasi suplementasi oksigen dan penggunaan ventilator dengan MD 3,56 (95% IK: 1,93-5,18, p<0,001) dan MD 3,31 (95% IK: 1,42-5,20, p=0,006), Untuk luaran keamanan kedua studi Fu dkk, dan Knee dkk, tidak didapatkan hasil yang bermakna pada kedua kelompok. Kesimpulan. Transfusi liberal tidak berbeda dalam keamanan dibandingkan dengan restriktif, tetapi dapat mengurangi durasi penggunaan ventilator dan durasi suplementasi oksigen.
Jadwal Imunisasi Anak Usia 0 – 18 Tahun Rekomendasi Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia Tahun 2023
Authors: Sitaremi Mei Neni , Soedjatmiko Soedjatmiko , Gunardi Hartono , Kaswandani Nastiti , Handryastuti Setyo , Raihan Raihan , Kartasasmita Cissy B , Ismoedjianto Ismoedijanto , Rusmil Kusnandi , Munasir Zakiudin , Prasetyo Dwi , Sarosa Gatot Irawan , Oswari Hanifah , Husada Dominicus , Prayitno Ari , Maddepunggeng Martira , Hadinegoro. Sri Rejeki H
Published: July 2023

Satuan Tugas Imunisasi Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia (IDAI) secara berkala mengevaluasi jadwal imunisasi untuk menyesuaikan dengan vaksin baru, program imunisasi Kemenkes, WHO position paper dan sumber-sumber lain. Di dalam jadwal imunisasi rekomendasi IDAI tahun 2023 ini ada beberapa tambahan antara lain vaksin dengue baru, dan keterangan tambahan beberapa vaksin lain. Untuk memudahkan dalam melaksanakannya dilampirkan juga tabel jadwal imunisasi tahun 2023. Untuk memahami dasar pertimbangan jadwal imunisasi dan perubahannya perlu mempelajari uraian di dalam artikel ini dan keterangan di bawah tabel tersebut untuk diterapkan ke dalam layanan imunisasi.
Epidemiology of Covid-19 in India; A review
Authors: Haq Dr Sameer Ul
Published: July 2023

SARS-CoV2 tentatively called Covid-19 by WHO, has become an effectively contagious disease throughout the world. The virus infects more than 200 countries with 765,903,278 confirmed cases of Covid-19, including 6,927,378 deaths as of May, 08 2023. A total of 13,349,320,292 vaccine doses have been administered so far. In India, first Covid-19 case was reported on January, 30 2020 and highest Covid-19 cases were reported in May 2021 with cases of about 4 lakhs and weekly change of 5.45 %. The infection then spread to almost all the states. Effective measures were implemented by state governments for prevention and control of disease such as social distancing, minimizing public gatherings, frequent hand wash, and awareness against the disease. A total of 25,178 active cases are present in India as of May. 08 2023. In India vaccination was introduced in July, 07 2021, with high-risk groups such as older people with comorbidities, health care workers as top priority. The vaccination was then extended to general population with priority on highly affected states. Currently, vaccination against Covid-19 is available across the country for all the citizens irrespective of age, gender and domicile. This review is aimed at assessing the current epidemiological status of Covid-19 in India.
Agricultural fungicidal effect of floral extracts of Bauhinia variegata, B. forficata and B. purpurea
Authors: Lima Charles Henrique de Marques , Sharma Porshia , Ventura Matheus Vinicius Abadia , Menezes Filho Antonio Carlos Pereira de , Castro Carlos Frederico de Souza , Rocha Elizabete Nunes da
Published: July 2023

Bauhinia is a botanical genus widely distributed in parts of Asia and South America. The plant bears beautiful and aromatic flowers that add ornamental beauty to parks and gardens, in addition to being used in medicine and ayurverda. This study aimed to evaluate the floral ethanolic extract of B. variegata, B. forficata and B. purpurea in fungal inhibition against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum acutatum. Flowers were harvested in 2021 and 2022. The floral ethanolic extract was produced by the static maceration method. The antifungal activity was performed by the agar diffusion method at different extract s;concentrations. Bauhinia floral extracts showed a potential fungicidal effect on fungal species evaluated in particular for Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, followed by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum acutatum.
Sensory integration therapy as enabler for developing emotional intelligence in children with autism spectrum disorder and the ICT’s role
Authors: Pergantis Pantelis , Drigas Athanasios
Published: July 2023

Sensory Integration Therapy (SIT) is a widely known and used intervention by a lot of professionals and practitioners in the field of special education as being an enabler of functionality of the child. Through intervention, the sensory processing components that have been affected are targeted. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is highly affected by sensory modulation disorder (SMD), a special subcategory of sensory processing disorder (SPD) that is expressed in various ways causing activation of Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) leading to biological and physiological stress. Emotional Intelligence (EI) is a complex set of skills that drive us to higher mental states. According to theorists the basis of these skills is the ability to manage and regulate stimulus. The purpose of this literature review is to investigate the connections between SIT and EI in children with ASD. In the introduction basic definitions and concepts of ASD and SIT are analyzed and in the main part correlations between EI and SMD are made, discussing the effectiveness of SIT in ASD children.
Comercialização de produtos orgânicos: o caso dos agricultores da Central das Associações de Produtores Orgânicos do Sul de Minas (OSM)
Authors: Camilo Guilherme Antonio Poscidonio Vieira
Published: July 2023

O agronegócio é um modelo produtor de commodities, que cria desconexões entre produtores e consumidores e aprofunda desigualdades no campo, sendo a Agroecologia com certificação participativa e a comercialização pelas redes alimentares alternativas, opções relevantes para o agricultor familiar. A comercialização que encurte as distâncias entre produtores e consumidores deve ser analisada conforme o contexto geográfico desses atores. Nesse sentido, o objetivo geral do artigo é compreender como se organizam os circuitos de comercialização dos agricultores orgânicos vinculados à Central de Associações dos Agricultores Orgânicos do Sul de Minas (Orgânicos Sul de Minas ou OSM) e se eles viabilizam uma alternativa de produção e venda de produtos orgânicos no modo de produção capitalista. A pesquisa teve uma abordagem qualitativa e foram utilizadas a observação, mapas e entrevistas semiestruturadas para analisar os referidos circuitos. Verificou-se que a maior parte dos produtos são demandados por grandes centros consumidores e o mercado local é apenas complementar nas vendas dos entrevistados. Mais importante que a venda em circuitos curtos locais é a organização coletiva e a diversificação dos canais de comercialização, com intermediários que valorizem de maneira justa a produção orgânica.
AÇÕES JUDICIAIS RELACIONADAS A MEDICAMENTOS EM JOÃO PESSOA, PB, BRASIL
Authors: Pacheco Larissa Figueiredo , Pereira Lailla Yasmin , Freitas Gabriel Rodrigues Martins de , Sousa Rênia Glauciene da Silva , Silva João Marcos de Araujo da , Carvalho Bruna Carla Cordeiro de
Published: July 2023

No arcabouço do Sistema Único de Saúde existem diversos dispositivos a fim de garantir a integralidade terapêutica, destacando-se a existência de políticas públicas de saúde de acesso a medicamentos, o seu uso racional, a sua segurança, a sua efetividade e qualidade, b em como o seu financiamento. Todavia, em algumas situações o acesso a medicamentos não é assegurado plenamente para determinados tratamentos menos frequentes ou mais onerosos, e com intuito de garantir o direito à saúde, mecanismos judiciais são cada vez mais utilizados pela população. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as ações judiciais de medicamentos impetradas contra o município de João Pessoa, PB (2010 a 2020). Foram analisados os arquivos impressos, contabilizando 1.273 ações judiciais disponibilizados pela Secretaria Municipal de Saúde. Estes dados foram organizados explorando as variáveis: temporalidade da solicitação judicial, existência ou não de pedido de tutela, medicamentos solicitados, descrição das características farmacêuticas, sexo dos solicitantes e origem do atendimento médico. O custo estimado das ações no período estudado, tomando por base apenas o custo dos medicamentos, a partir da tabela da Câmara de Regulação do Mercado de Medicamentos (CMED/Anvisa), foi de R$41.948.469,44, sendo o ano de 2017 aquele com maior dispêndio. Os medicamentos mais judicializados foram: Lucentis® (Ranibizumabe), Clexane® (Enoxaparina Sódica) e Xarelto® (Rivaroxabana), enquanto os mais onerosos foram: Spiranza®(Nusinersena), Imbruvica®(Ibrutinibe) e Ilaris®(Canaquinumabe). A demanda por acesso a medicamentos, pela via judicial, onera o aporte financeiro destinado à assistência farmacêutica municipal, onde os gastos tendem a elevar-se pela imprevisibilidade de programar a aquisição, impactando negativamente a saúde pública do município estudado. Há de se criar mecanismos a fim de auxiliar o Poder Judiciário a tomar decisões que envolvam o acesso a medicamentos.
DETECCIÓN DE LAS PRESCRIPCIONES POTENCIALMENTE INAPROPIADAS SEGÚN LOS CRITERIOS STOPP/START EN PACIENTES AMBULATORIOS DE UN HOSPITAL DE LA SEGURIDAD SOCIAL
Authors: Acosta Recalde Patricia Guadalupe , Maidana de Larroza Gladys Mabel , Maciel de Segovia Olga Yolanda , Lugo Rodriguez Gladys Beatriz , Samaniego Silva Lourdes Raquel
Published: July 2023

A medida que envejecemos se van produciendo cambios estructurales y funcionales de los órganos, proceso asociado a múltiples comorbilidades, que requieren un tratamiento continuo y uso de múltiples medicamentos. La prescripción inapropiada en adultos mayores es una de las principales causas de reacciones adversas a medicamentos (RAM), lo que se asocia a un aumento de la morbimortalidad y el uso de los recursos en salud. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo establecer la frecuencia de prescripciones potencialmente inapropiadas (PPI) mediante los criterios STOPP/START en pacientes adultos mayores del servicio de consulta ambulatoria de un Hospital de la Seguridad Social, mediante un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo durante el primer cuatrimestre del 2021. Se analizaron 354 prescripciones de pacientes ambulatorios adultos mayores (65 años y más), de ambos sexos, con recolección de datos registrados en el Sistema Integrado Hospitalario (SIH). Se consideraron variables demográficas, frecuencia de PPI según criterios STOPP/START, donde la población de estudio en su mayoría fueron mujeres (61,6%) con una edad media de 74 años (DE=7,06). Del total de pacientes cuyas prescripciones formaron parte del estudio, el 57,06% (IC95% 57,14-56,97) presentó por lo menos 1 criterio STOPP o START. Los criterios aplicados son una herramienta de utilidad en la detección de los posibles problemas relacionados con los medicamentos en la prescripción, que al utilizarse en la práctica clínica mejoran la seguridad de los pacientes adultos mayores en su tratamiento farmacológico.
Treatment of patients with caudal regression syndrome: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Sergeenko O. M. , Shchurova E. N. , Dolganova T. I. , Arestova Yu. S. , Saifutdinov M. S.
Published: July 2023

Objective. To analyze and summarize the data of modern literature on the issues of surgical treatment and natural course of the spine and spinal cord pathology in patients with various types of caudal regression syndrome (CRS).

Material and Methods. A systematic review of the literature on the issue of treatment of the spine and spinal cord pathology in patients with CRS was performed. Selection criteria were: articles for the period 2002–2022, original studies of populations/patients with various forms of CRS with a description of treatment methods and long-term results of treatment or observation. A total of 28 articles on the treatment of various forms of CRS with the described results of treatment of 212 patients were analyzed: 29 patients with CRS in combination with open neural tube defects and 183 patients with closed forms of CRS. Evaluation criteria included number of patients, gender, type of spinal cord pathology, type of sacral agenesis, presence of the spine and lower extremities deformities, concomitant pathology, operations performed and their complications, and results.

Results. The studied patients underwent the following surgeries on the spine and spinal cord: untethering of the spinal cord, correction and stabilization surgeries on the spine, plasty of the spinal cord herniation, plasty of the terminal meningocele, and removal of the presacarial volumetric mass. The greatest number of complications occurred after operations on the spine and sacrum. The majority of patients (67 %) with sacral agenesis by the end of the follow-up period (average 14 years) walked independently or with the help of devices, and a minority of them (33 %) could not walk. More than half of patients with CRS (67 %) had a neurogenic bladder, urinary incontinence, or suffered from a chronic urinary tract infection. Fecal incontinence and constipation were less common (46 %).

Conclusions. Patients with CRS have a good potential for improvement/recovery of walking and pelvic organ dysfunction. This is extremely important to timely carry out multimodality treatment of patients with CRS who have neurosurgical, orthopedic, urogenital and colorectal problems in CRS, and to start early motor rehabilitation and physiotherapy.
Otwarty świat i narracja rozproszona w grze Elden Ring studia FromSoftware
Authors: Maj Krzysztof M.
Published: July 2023

The article Open World and Dispersed Narrative in FromSoftware’s “Elden Ring” tackles a number of design issues associated with open world design in video games. Building upon Tim Ingold’s dis- crepancy of two distinct modes of exploring the reality (wayfaring and trail-following), the author proceeds with analysing how the categories in question might have influenced the design of Elden Ring’s ‘The Lands Between’, which is torn between two different ambitions. One is to create a high fantasy narrative in allotopia, whilst the other is to sustain the principles of procedural rhetoric typical for soulsborne games, well-known for leaning towards a dark fantasy design style both in terms of their aesthetics and narrative content. Consequently, the main goal of this analysis is to propose a potential way of avoiding such inconsequence in open world game design, which is termed here a “ludotopian dissonance”.
Wysiłek emocjonalny jako podstawowa zasada miłości (dworskiej). Romans z Anomenem w Baldur’s Gate II
Authors: Bednorz Magdalena
Published: July 2023

The article undertakes an analysis of the only romantic plot for a female character in Baldur’s Gate II: Shadows of Amn, namely the romance with Anomen, one of the player character’s potential companions. The analysis focuses primarily on how this romance adapts themes of courtly love to the poetics of the digital game medium. Courtly love is treated here not as a realistically depicted medieval tradition but rather as an established pop-cultural reference to the literature of the period, and as an element of contemporary depictions of the Middle Ages, often serving as a way to present contemporary themes and beliefs. The analysis therefore aims to explore how the theme can be employed to reproduce contemporary patterns of romantic relationships within a game, and in the case of Anomen, how it reproduces patterns of unequal emotional labor in heterosexual relationships. The article thus seeks to show how digital games can function as tools of cultural discourse of love by implementing certain patterns of romantic love through their specific means of expression.
Literatura w grach wideo. Rozeznanie wstępne
Authors: Ołownia Mikołaj
Published: July 2023

This article is the first attempt to describe the issue of using literary texts in role-playing video games. The author discusses the function of this type of literature, with particular emphasis on its impact on immersion, and presents his own classification of literary texts used in games.
Zygmunt Ziembiński’s concept of the legal norm from a structuralist perspective
Authors: Bator Andrzej
Published: July 2023

In the article I present the concept of the legal norm of conduct proposed by Zygmunt Ziembiński, situating it in the context of the structuralist research attitude – a  methodological approach dominant in the Polish theory of law in the period when this key element of Ziembiński’s theory of law was created and shaped (the 1970s and 1980s). I illustrate individual fragments of the presented concept with selected quotations that are representative of the structuralist research approach. In my view, structuralism makes it possible to understand both the overwhelming influence ofZiembiński’s concept of the norm on the Polish legal theory of the second half of the twentieth century, as well as to explain the causes of the controversies that this concept provoked in some representatives of Polish jurisprudence. I also draw attention to the evolution of the concept in question, including the weakening of its structuralist overtones in the last years of the Professor’s scientific work. An example that exemplifies this tendency is the concept of competence norm.
Doręczenia bezpośrednie pism w postępowaniu przed sądami administracyjnymi
Authors: Paduch Andrzej
Published: July 2023

Artykuł porusza problem doręczeń bezpośrednich pism procesowych, do których w postępowaniu sądowoadministracyjnym obowiązani są profesjonalni pełnomocnicy stron i uczestników postępowania na ich prawach. Przesłanką przeprowadzenia badań były pojawiające się w doktrynie i praktyce obrotu prawnego wątpliwości co do poszczególnych aspektów analizowanej regulacji. Celem badań była prezentacja instytucji doręczeń bezpośrednich oraz odpowiedź na pytanie, czy stanowi ona gwarancję sprawnego postępowania przed sądem administracyjnym, przy uwzględnieniu prawa do rzetelnego procesu sądowego. Powyższą analizę przeprowadzono przy wykorzystaniu trzech metod: dogmatycznoprawnej, prawnoporównawczej oraz historycznej. Badania wskazują, po pierwsze, że instytucja doręczeń bezpośrednich przeszła w okresie obowiązywania Prawa o postępowaniu przed sądami administracyjnymi znaczącą ewolucję. W wyniku kolejnych nowelizacji doręczenia w tym trybie stały się obligatoryjne, a katalog podmiotów obowiązanych do ich realizowania uległ rozszerzeniu na innych niż adwokaci czy radcowie prawni profesjonalnych pełnomocników. Kolejnym etapem ewolucji tej instytucji będzie wprowadzenie doręczeń elektronicznych między pełnomocnikami. Po drugie, z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że analizowana instytucja w odniesieniu do wielu kwestii jest nieprecyzyjna. Przykładowo, ustawodawca nie wskazał w sposób jednoznaczny katalogu wyjątków od doręczenia bezpośredniego. Podobnie zastrzeżenia może budzić nieprecyzyjne określenie konsekwencji naruszenia obowiązków wynikających z doręczeń bezpośrednich w zakresie np. nieprawidłowego sformułowania oświadczenia o nadaniu pisma bezpośrednio do pełnomocnika innej strony albo złożenia do sądu i do rąk pełnomocnika pisma innej treści. Po trzecie, obciążając pełnomocników koniecznością doręczeń bezpośrednich, ustawodawca pominął aspekt finansowy wywiązywania się z tego obowiązku. W przypadku spraw wielopodmiotowych koszt doręczeń może stanowić barierę w dostępie do ochrony sądowej. Poczynione ustalenia należy uznać za istotne w kontekście ewentualnych nowelizacji p.p.s.a. W aktualnym kształcie może dojść bowiem do takiej sytuacji, w której pismo złożone przez pełnomocnika nie otrzyma biegu nie ze względu na jego obiektywne uchybienia, ale w związku z przyjęciem przez sąd niekorzystnej wykładni art. 66 p.p.s.a. Wskutek braku precyzji ustawodawcy może zatem dojść do naruszenia prawa do rzetelnego procesu sądowego.
Raportowanie informacji związanych z klimatem na przykładzie banków
Authors: Trocka Małgorzata
Published: July 2023

Raportowanie środowiskowe informacji związanych z klimatem dotyczy tego, w jaki sposób działalność przedsiębiorstwa wpływa na klimat (chodzi zarówno o negatywne skutki, jak i działania na rzecz ochrony) oraz jak zmiany klimatu oddziałują na funkcjonowanie podmiotów gospodarczych. Szczególne obwiązki dotyczące raportowania kwestii związanych ze zrównoważonym rozwojem (w tym klimatem) zostały nałożone na podmioty działające w sektorze usług finansowych. Muszą one ujawniać określone informacje dotyczące sposobów, w jaki wprowadzają do działalności ryzyka i biorą pod uwagę niekorzystne skutki dla zrównoważonego rozwoju. Problematyka artykułu związana z ujęciem kwestii dotyczących zrównoważonego rozwoju w raportach niefinansowych jest przedmiotem zainteresowań wielu autorów. Artykuł uzupełnia istniejący dorobek naukowy w zakresie raportowania niefinansowego przez wyodrębnienie i uszczegółowienie nieporuszanych wcześniej kwestii dotyczących klimatu. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie aktualnego stanu raportowania informacji związanych z klimatem w obligatoryjnej sprawozdawczości niefinansowej banków. W artykule posłużono się analizą aktów prawnych, literatury przedmiotu, a także badaniem danych wtórnych pochodzących z obligatoryjnych sprawozdań niefinansowych banków notowanych na Giełdzie Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie i należących do indeksu WIG-Banki oraz WIG-ESG. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że wprowadzone na poziomie europejskim nowe regulacje prawne skierowane do sektora finansowego wymuszają większe zaangażowania w działania na rzecz ochrony klimatu. Badane banki wypełniają nałożone na nie obowiązki, aczkolwiek jest to realizowane w ograniczonym zakresie. Prezentowane dane są w dużym stopniu rozproszone w różnych częściach sprawozdania z działalności oraz raportu na temat informacji niefinansowych, co może wynikać z braku jednolitych standardów w tym zakresie. Zakres ujawnianych informacji związanych z klimatem jest zbliżony w raportach poszczególnych banków i dotyczy zarówno wpływu działalności banków na klimat, jak również oddziaływania na niego oferowanych produktów finansowych. Podsumowując, badane banki starają się być odpowiedzialne społecznie i świadomie podejmują próby ujęcia w swoich sprawozdaniach zagadnień dotyczących klimatu. Raportowanie tych informacji jest tam jednak dopiero na początkowym etapie.
A Systematic Review of the Inter-individual Differences in Avoidance Learning
Authors: Wong Alex H. K. , Aslanidou Asimina , Malbec Marcelo , Pittig Andre , Wieser Matthias J. , Andreatta Marta
Published: July 2023

Avoidance is typically adaptive given it prevents threat. However, avoidance becomes maladaptive when it is executed out of proportion of threat (i.e., excessive or insufficient avoidance), persists in the absence of threat, or excessively generalizes to other innocuous situations. Although there has been an increase in research in these different processes of maladaptive avoidance, the role of inter-individual differences in these avoidance processes receives less research attention, despite its theoretical and clinical importance. In this systematic review, we summarized the role of inter-individual traits that relate to risk or resilient factors for anxiety-related disorders, trauma-and stressor-related disorders, obsessive-compulsive related disorders, pain related disorders, eating-related disorders, and affective disorders. A majority of the inter-individual differences had an apparent mixed or null effect on the different processes of avoidance. We discussed this lack of evidence of inter-individual differences on avoidance due to a lack of methodological and/or analytical consensus in the field, in addition to a lack of integration of recent findings into existing theories. Recommendations for future research are discussed, with a focus on examining the conditions or experimental parameters for certain inter-individual traits to manifest their effects on avoidance, identifying the nuances of methodological and/or inter-individual differences in avoidance, and a call for integrating recent preliminary findings into existing theories.