bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Species of Jumping Spider Genus Rhene Thorell, 1869 (Araneae: Salticidae) From Bangladesh
Authors: Biswas V
Published: June 2023

Abstract not available
j. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2023, 9(1): 119-122
Động lực cho phát triển nguồn nhân lực trong nông nghiệp công nghệ cao: Nghiên cứu ở tỉnh Hòa Bình
Authors: Nguyễn Thế Kiên
Published: June 2023

Bài báo này nghiên cứu các động lực phát triển nguồn nhân lực trong các doanh nghiệp và hợp tác xã nông nghiệp công nghệ cao tại tỉnh Hòa Bình. Mẫu nghiên cứu gồm các doanh nghiệp, hợp tác xã nông nghiệp có áp dụng công nghệ cao ở tỉnh Hòa Bình, Việt Nam. Kết quả cho thấy các chính sách và chương trình đào tạo lao động hiện tại của chính phủ không giúp cải thiện nguồn nhân lực cho nông nghiệp công nghệ cao của tỉnh Hòa Bình. Ngược lại, kinh nghiệm làm việc của nhân viên, vai trò công việc được xác định rõ ràng và đánh giá hiệu suất công bằng giúp tạo động lực bồi dưỡng nhân sự. Môi trường làm việc tại các doanh nghiệp và hợp tác xã nông nghiệp công nghệ cao tại tỉnh Hòa Bình lại có ảnh hưởng tiêu cực đến nguồn nhân lực. Từ kết quả này, bài nghiên cứu đưa ra một số đề xuất nhằm phát triển nguồn nhân lực theo hướng nông nghiệp công nghệ cao tại tỉnh Hòa Bình.
Herramientas digitales para la adquisición de fundamentos contables, aplicadas al manejo de software para los estudiantes de contaduría pública
Authors: López-Rincón Yuli Yohanna , Romero-Pérez Yilbert Estiben , Tamayo salamanca Yeisson Diego
Published: June 2023

Este trabajo investigativo busca dar a conocer cuáles son las herramientas digitales que utilizan los docentes del área contable al interior de las cátedras educativas, así como las practicas pedagógicas diseñadas bajo aplicativos de software contables, que permitan la adquisición de conocimientos de los estudiantes, bajo un enfoque práctico. Se tomó como referente a la institución de Educación Superior Universitaria Uniagustiniana. La metodología desarrollada es de tipo cualitativo, la cual fue realizada mediante una encuesta aplicada a 25 docentes y 61 estudiantes adscritos al programa de contaduría pública. Los resultados de la investigación muestran que, los softwares tanto contables como financieros son herramientas digitales que han adquirido mucha fuerza en el campo educativo y empresarial, ayudando a fortalecer y mejorar el rango de acción a nivel laboral de los profesionales. Además de permitirles ser más productivos, competitivos, ya que facilita y agiliza los procesos contables financieros, minimizando recursos y tiempo
The re-discovery in Sumatra of a rarely seen moth, Heterosphecia tawonoides, and its identification using citizen science platform iNaturalist.
Authors: Molyneaux Andrea
Published: June 2023

Traditional methods of species identification involve collection and killing of specimens. The associated costs and expertise required are prohibitory. In this paper we describe the first documented record of Heterosphecia tawonoides in its natural habitat in Sumatra since 1887, reporting its identification using photographs uploaded to citizen science platform iNaturalist. Our findings add valuable information to the small body of work on this species and  demonstrate the importance of having freely available high quality tools such as iNaturalist without which this important record would not have been reported and the observation of this rarely seen moth species in Sumatra would have remained  unknown.
Performance Analysis and Public Services to Support Sailing Safety and Prevent Sea Traffic Accidents in the Shipping Lanes of L. Say Maumere Port
Authors: Minarto Dian  , Fransisko Memo Tukan  , Andar Sri Sumantri
Published: June 2023

This study aims to determine the analysis of Performance, Public Service and Accident Prevention on Shipping Safety at the L. Say Maumere Port shipping lane. This research was conducted at the Class IV Maumere Harbormaster and Port Authority Office with Shipping Company Agents located at the Port of L. Say Maumere as the population. Data was collected through the methods of Observation, Literature Study, Interviews, Documentation and Questionnaires. The analytical technique used is based on the results of research and multiple analysis with the help of the SPSS V.26 program. Based on the results of research and multiple analysis, the following equation is obtained: Y = 0.106 + 0.376 X1, + 0.357 X2 + 0.256 X3 + . From the multiple linear regression equation, it can be seen that the most dominant variable that influences shipping safety is the performance variable (X1) with a regression coefficient of 0.376. With a coefficient of determination (Adjusted R²) of 0.730 or 73%, which means that the safety of shipping on the shipping lane of L. Say Maumere Port is influenced by the variables of Performance, Public Service, and Accident Prevention, which is 73% and other factors that affect Shipping Safety on the shipping lane. port of L. Say Maumere is 27%. Thus the results of the study indicate that Performance, Public Service, and Accident Prevention have a positive and significant impact on Shipping Safety at the L. Say Maumere Port shipping lane
Analysis of Ship Seaworthiness Factors, Health and Safety Culture, Oversight of Port Authority and Harbor Authority Offices on Shipping Safety
Authors: Ignatius Martan  , Pius Memo Gading Agum Gumelar  , Andar Sri Sumantri
Published: June 2023

Shipping safety is still a problem faced by sea transportation. Empirical data collected in this study shows the number of transportation accidents and fatalities shows a fluctuating number. This means that shipping safety is still a problem faced by the marine transportation industry in Indonesia. To answer this problem, this research is aimed at knowing the effect of ship's seaworthiness, ship health and safety culture, and supervision of the Harbormaster Office and Port Authority on shipping safety performance which is carried out empirically. Every sailing ship must be in a seaworthy condition so as to ensure safety and security while the ship is sailing. Ship's seaworthiness is also assisted with shipping safety facilities and infrastructure. Occupational health is a state of physical, mental and social well-being that allows every worker to work in a healthy manner with optimal productivity without endangering himself, his family, society and the surrounding environment. Occupational health efforts are efforts to harmonize work capacity, workload and work environment so that every worker can work healthily without endangering himself or the surrounding community, in order to obtain optimal work productivity. The duties and responsibilities of a porter are very important in providing a ship's seaworthiness certificate, sailing permit, safety and security as well as all sea transportation shipping activities in Indonesian waters. 

Based on the results of research and multiple analysis, the following equations are produced:

Y = 1.957 + 0.762 X1 + 0.531 X2 + 0.244 X3 +

shows that, Based on empirical data (the results of filling out the questionnaire) and the results of multiple linear regression, it shows that the Shipworthiness variable (X1) has a value t count  (10.260) > t table (1.99045) then, H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The Health and Safety Culture Variable (X2) has a t count (2.382) > t table (1.99045), so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The Port Authority and Port Authority Supervision Variable (X3) has a value of t count (2.280) > t table (1.99045), then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. Thus, the results of the study show that there is a positive and significant influence between Shipworthiness, Health and Safety Culture, Harbormaster Supervision and Port Authority on Shipping Safety
ФОРМЫ ВИЗУАЛИЗАЦИИ СВЯЩЕННОГО ПИСАНИЯ В РУССКОЙ НАРОДНОЙ ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОЙ КУЛЬТУРЕ XVII–XIX веков
Authors: Царёва Тамара Вадимовна
Published: June 2023

Визуализация как способ передачи информации путем формирования различного рода изображений расширяет возможности восприятия данных. Особенно это было важно при передаче смыслов событий Священного Писания для малограмотного населения. Адаптированные библейские сюжеты в виде рисунков с максимально сжатыми текстовыми фрагментами при их интерпретации – будь то Библия Василия Кореня или лубочные религиозные листы – так называемые народные картинки (или рисованные истории) – выполняли важные просветительскую и назидательную функции среди крестьянского населения, представляя и реконструируя священное как материальный визуальный опыт. Отличающийся простотой и доступностью образов, данный вид графики пользовался большой популярностью у населения почти до конца XIX века.

Visualization as a way of transmitting information by forming various kinds of images expands the possibilities of data perception. This was especially important when conveying the meaning of the events of the Holy Scripture for the illiterate population. Adapted biblical scenes in the form of drawings with the most compressed text fragments during their interpretation - whether it was the Bible of Vasily Koren or popular religious sheets – the so-called folk pictures (or drawn stories) – performed an important educational and instructive function among the peasant population, representing and reconstructing the sacred as material visual experience. Distinguished by simplicity and accessibility of images, this type of graphics was very popular among the population almost until the end of the 19th century.
Biomechanical comparison of all-on-4 and all-on-5 implant-supported prostheses with alteration of anterior-posterior spread: a three-dimensional finite element analysis
Authors: Sun Xin , Cheng Kangjie , Liu Yunfeng , Ke Sipeng , Zhang Wentao , Wang Linhong , Yang Fan
Published: June 2023

Introduction: The all-on-4 concept is widely used in clinical practice. However, the biomechanical changes following the alteration of anterior-posterior (AP) spread in all-on-4 implant-supported prostheses have not been extensively studied.

Methods: Three-dimensional finite element analysis was used to compare the biomechanical behavior of all-on-4 and all-on-5 implant-supported prostheses with a change in anterior-posterior (AP) spread. A three-dimensional finite element analysis was performed on a geometrical mandible model containing 4 or 5 implants. Four different implant configurations were modeled by varying the angle of inclination of the distal implants (0°and 30°), including all-on-4a, all-on-4b, all-on-5a, and all-on-5b, and a 100 N force was successively applied to the anterior and unilateral posterior teeth to observe and analyze the differences in the biomechanical behavior of each model under the static influence at different position.

Results: Adding an anterior implant to the dental arch according to the all-on-4 concept with a distal 30° tilt angle implant exhibited the best biomechanical behavior. However, when the distal implant was implanted axially, there was no significant difference between the all-on-4 and all-on-5 groups.

Discussion: In the all-on-5 group, increasing the AP spread with tilted terminal implants showed better biomechanical behavior. It can be concluded that placing an additional implant in the midline of the atrophic edentulous mandible and increasing the AP spread might be beneficial in improving the biomechanical behavior of tilted distal implants.
Lower limb joint loading in patients with unilateral hip osteoarthritis during bipedal stance and the effect of total hip replacement
Authors: van Drongelen S. , Holder J. , Stief F.
Published: June 2023

Osteoarthritis of the hip is a common condition that affects older adults. Total hip replacement is the end-stage treatment to relief pain and improve joint function. Little is known about the mechanical load distribution during the activity of bipedal stance, which is an important daily activity for older adults who need to rest more frequently. This study investigated the distribution of the hip and knee joint moments during bipedal stance in patients with unilateral hip osteoarthritis and how the distribution changed 1 year after total hip replacement. Kinematic and kinetic data from bipedal stance were recorded. External hip and knee adduction moments were calculated and load distribution over both limbs was calculated using the symmetry angle. Preoperatively, the non-affected limb carried 10% more body weight than the affected limb when standing on two legs. Moreover, the mean external hip and knee adduction moments of the non-affected limb were increased compared to the affected limb. At follow-up no significant differences were observed between the patients’ limbs. Preoperative and postoperative changes in hip adduction moment were mainly explained by the combination of the vertical ground reaction force and the hip adduction angle. Stance width also explained changes in the hip and knee adduction moments of the affected leg. Furthermore, as with walking, bipedal standing also showed an asymmetric mechanical load distribution in patients with unilateral hip osteoarthritis. Overall, the findings suggest the need for preventive therapy concepts that focus not only on walking but also on optimizing stance towards a balanced load distribution of both legs.
High-throughput optical sensing of peri-cellular oxygen in cardiac cells: system characterization, calibration, and testing
Authors: Li Weizhen , McLeod David , Ketzenberger John T. , Kowalik Grant , Russo Rebekah , Li Zhenyu , Kay Matthew W. , Entcheva Emilia
Published: June 2023

Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) represent a scalable experimental model relevant to human physiology. Oxygen consumption of hiPSC-CMs has not been studied in high-throughput (HT) format plates used in pre-clinical studies. Here, we provide comprehensive characterization and validation of a system for HT long-term optical measurements of peri-cellular oxygen in cardiac syncytia (human iPSC-CM and human cardiac fibroblasts), grown in glass-bottom 96-well plates. Laser-cut oxygen sensors having a ruthenium dye and an oxygen-insensitive reference dye were used. Ratiometric measurements (409 nm excitation) reflected dynamic changes in oxygen, as validated with simultaneous Clark electrode measurements. Emission ratios (653 nm vs. 510 nm) were calibrated for percent oxygen using two-point calibration. Time-dependent changes in the Stern-Volmer parameter, ksv, were observed during the initial 40–90 min of incubation, likely temperature-related. Effects of pH on oxygen measurements were negligible in the pH range of 4–8, with a small ratio reduction for pH > 10. Time-dependent calibration was implemented, and light exposure time was optimized (0.6–0.8 s) for oxygen measurements inside an incubator. Peri-cellular oxygen dropped to levels <5% within 3–10 h for densely-plated hiPSC-CMs in glass-bottom 96-well plates. After the initial oxygen decrease, samples either settled to low steady-state or exhibited intermittent peri-cellular oxygen dynamics. Cardiac fibroblasts showed slower oxygen depletion and higher steady-state levels without oscillations, compared to hiPSC-CMs. Overall, the system has great utility for long-term HT monitoring of peri-cellular oxygen dynamics in vitro for tracking cellular oxygen consumption, metabolic perturbations, and characterization of the maturation of hiPSC-CMs.
Chemical stability of active ingredients in diluted veterinary disinfectant solutions under simulated storage conditions
Authors: Rhee Chae Hong , Lee Hye-sook , Yun Hyeong-jun , Lee Ga-Hee , Kim Su-Jeong , Song Sok , Lee Myoung-Heon , Her Moon , Jeong Wooseog
Published: June 2023

Introduction: The product labels of veterinary disinfectants specify their expiration dates to prevent the use of outdated products, as these may result in disinfection and biosecurity failures during outbreak situations. However, a clear standard for the storage conditions of diluted disinfectant solutions has not yet been established, and the effects of storage conditions have scarcely been investigated. To fill this research gap, our study examined the stability of the active ingredients of diluted veterinary disinfectants based on their change in concentrations when stored at various temperatures for various time periods.

Methods: Twenty veterinary disinfectants effective against either foot-and-mouth disease or avian influenza viruses were selected. The disinfectants were diluted to effective concentrations following the manufacturer’s instructions. Using selective analytical techniques, the concentrations of the active ingredients of the samples that had been stored for varying intervals at different temperatures (4, 20, 30, and 45°C) were determined. These samples included soaps and detergents, acids, oxidizing agents, aldehydes, and copper compounds. The active ingredient concentrations of two of the samples were determined following freezing/thawing cycle, to establish their stability when exposed to simulated winter conditions.

Results: Our results showed that most of the active ingredients had concentrations of 90% or greater of their initial concentrations, indicating ≥90% stability over a 21-day period under the experimental storage conditions. However, there were some exceptions. Glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde, and malic acid are over 90% stable at ≤ 30°C for 21 days, but their concentrations decreased to below 90% of their initial concentrations at 45°C, indicating a decline in stability when stored at 45°C for 21 days. The concentrations of potassium peroxymonosulfate and peracetic acid rapidly declined with increasing time and temperature to less than 90% of their initial concentrations.

Discussion: Based on our findings, we propose that diluted disinfectant solutions should preferably be prepared daily. However, if the daily preparation of a diluted disinfectant solution is not feasible, then our results can be used as a reference, providing basic scientific data on the chemical stability of diluted disinfectant solutions commonly used in the veterinary field, thus indicating suitable storage conditions.
Drug repurposing—a promising approach for patients with angina but non-obstructive coronary artery disease (ANOCA)
Authors: McChord Johanna , Pereyra Valeria Martínez , Froebel Sarah , Bekeredjian Raffi , Schwab Matthias , Ong Peter
Published: June 2023

In today’s era of individualized precision medicine drug repurposing represents a promising approach to offer patients fast access to novel treatments. Apart from drug repurposing in cancer treatments, cardiovascular pharmacology is another attractive field for this approach. Patients with angina pectoris without obstructive coronary artery disease (ANOCA) report refractory angina despite standard medications in up to 40% of cases. Drug repurposing also appears to be an auspicious option for this indication. From a pathophysiological point of view ANOCA patients frequently suffer from vasomotor disorders such as coronary spasm and/or impaired microvascular vasodilatation. Consequently, we carefully screened the literature and identified two potential therapeutic targets: the blockade of the endothelin-1 (ET-1) receptor and the stimulation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC). Genetically increased endothelin expression results in elevated levels of ET-1, justifying ET-1 receptor blockers as drug candidates to treat coronary spasm. sGC stimulators may be beneficial as they stimulate the NO-sGC-cGMP pathway leading to GMP-mediated vasodilatation.
Cardiac pacemaker–related endocarditis complicated with pulmonary embolism: Case report
Authors: Šačić Dalila , Petrović Olga , Zamaklar-Trifunović Danijela , Ivanović Branislava
Published: June 2023

Cardiac device–related endocarditis as a device-therapy complication is a growing problem due to higher life expectancy and the increasing number of abandoned leads and subclinical symptoms. We reported a case of a 47-year-old woman with an implanted pacemaker who was admitted to the clinic for cardiology due to the right-sided device-related infective endocarditis of the pacemaker leads with vegetations, predominantly in the right atrium and right ventricle and complicated by pulmonary embolism. Several years after pacemaker implantation, she was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus and started immunosuppressive therapy. The patient was treated with prolonged intravenous antibiotic therapy. The atrial and ventricular lead was extirpated, and the posterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve was shaved.
Spatiotemporal differences in dominant drivers of streamflow evolution on the Loess Plateau
Authors: Zhang Qiufen , Lv Xizhi , Ni Yongxin , Ma Li , Wang Jianwei , Zhu Desheng , Wang Shaoye
Published: June 2023

Previous studies have found that climate change and underlying surface change are the most direct and important drivers of the streamflow change in the Yellow River Basin. However, there are significant spatial differences in climate and underlying surface in the Yellow River Basin, especially in the Loess Plateau, attribution analysis of runoff evolution in the Loess Plateau from the perspective of spatial heterogeneity was rarely reported. Therefore, in order to further reveal the causes of runoff evolution in the Loess Plateau, this study have quantitatively revealed the spatial differences of climate and underlying surface changes driving streamflow changes in 34 main Loess Plateau basins from 1956 to 2020 basing on the Budyko equation with fixed parameters. Results show that the streamflow on the Loess Plateau decreased significantly from 1956 to 2020, and streamflow decreased by 17.19 mm (26.95%) after abrupt change in 1990. The sensitivity coefficients of streamflow change on the Loess Plateau to precipitation, potential evapotranspiration and underlying surface parameters are 0.30, −0.08 and −69.26 respectively. The contributions of precipitation, potential evapotranspiration and underlying surface change to streamflow change were 26.24%, 2.15% and 73.01%, respectively, and showed significant spatiotemporal differences. The spatial variability of streamflow is mainly controlled by underlying surface. For 29 of the whole 34 tributaries, underlying surface change was the dominant driver of streamflow change with the contribution of 52.50%–98.22%. The temporal variability of streamflow on the Loess Plateau is mainly controlled by precipitation. The wetter the climate is, the more sensitive of the streamflow changes are to climate change. And the smaller the underlying surface parameters are, the more sensitive the streamflow changes are to the underlying surface change. The results further deepen our understanding for the response of streamflow to climate and underlying surface changes in the Loess Plateau and can provide theoretical support for systematic regulation of basin water resources in the future.
Impact of land loss on academic performance among rural adolescents in China: based on cognition-investment-performance framework
Authors: Hua Jing , Li Ruining
Published: June 2023

Introduction: As an exclusive group resulting from land requisition and demolition during the process of urbanization, the education of children belonging to land-loss farming families has received worldwide attention. However, few studies have explored the mechanisms and effects of land loss on adolescents’ academic performance.

Method: Using 5,133 family samples in 2014 and 3,810 family samples in 2018 from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), this study employed the PSM-DID and KHB models to explore the impact of land loss on the academic performance of rural adolescents.

Results: The findings indicate that compared to non-land-loss families, the academic performances of adolescents in the land-loss families were lower. Additionally, land-loss families have a lower awareness of educational value. This verifies the logical mechanism of “land loss→ family education cognition→ family human capital investment→ adolescents’ academic performance.” Gender differences exist in the negative effects of land loss on adolescents’ academic performance; land loss has a greater impact on boys.

Discussion: The government should strengthen the training system for land-loss farmers, improve the social security system and state of female-led families, and focus on boys affected by land loss.
Evolution of human language: duetting as part of prosociality and cognition
Authors: Kaplan Gisela
Published: June 2023

The evolution of human language is a topic that has received undiminished attention. Numerous hypotheses for the origin of human language have been proposed, including gestural communication found specifically among apes. This study advances the hypothesis that human evolution, including human language development, is three-pronged: prosocial, cognitive, and collaborative. Duetting and turn-taking in primates are used as pivotal examples of how bonding leads to joint action and collaboration. It points out that such vocal behavior itself may be a crucial precursor of language evolution in the sense that it is explicitly focused on a conspecific. Some current hypotheses have acknowledged duetting as an important perceptual and behavioral example of synchronicity. Some forms of synchronized behavior, as found in duetting, synchronized dance, or even shared song, were perhaps crucial evolutionary steps preceding the evolution of human language. Duetting signifies more than that, however, because it is an observable and significant cognitive investment that signals attention toward a partner. This study also advances the hypothesis that affect and cognition would have needed to precede any form of duetting or signs of affiliation such as grooming. Hence, this study, asking what duetting in primates signifies in evolutionary terms, takes a multidisciplinary and multimodal approach to suggest important affective and cognitive steps in the evolution of human language and speech, the chief of which is prosociality. Prosociality, as an attitude and awareness of another, be this as a friend or partner for whom one can do favors or whom one can help, is a model for collaboration and cooperation, and also increased cognition.
The intestinal γδ T cells: functions in the gut and in the distant organs
Authors: Li Guo-Qing , Xia Jiliang , Zeng Weihong , Luo Weijia , Liu Logen , Zeng Xi , Cao Deliang
Published: June 2023

Located in the frontline against the largest population of microbiota, the intestinal mucosa of mammals has evolved to become an effective immune system. γδ T cells, a unique T cell subpopulation, are rare in circulation blood and lymphoid tissues, but rich in the intestinal mucosa, particularly in the epithelium. Via rapid production of cytokines and growth factors, intestinal γδ T cells are key contributors to epithelial homeostasis and immune surveillance of infection. Intriguingly, recent studies have revealed that the intestinal γδ T cells may play novel exciting functions ranging from epithelial plasticity and remodeling in response to carbohydrate diets to the recovery of ischemic stroke. In this review article, we update regulatory molecules newly defined in lymphopoiesis of the intestinal γδ T cells and their novel functions locally in the intestinal mucosa, such as epithelial remodeling, and distantly in pathological setting, e.g., ischemic brain injury repair, psychosocial stress responses, and fracture repair. The challenges and potential revenues in intestinal γδ T cell studies are discussed.
The recent progress of peptide regulators for the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Nan , Shen Huaxing , Chen Baobao , Hu Honggang , Liu Chao , Chen Yan , Cong Wei
Published: June 2023

Wnt signaling plays an important role in many biological processes such as stem cell self-renewal, cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. The β-catenin-dependent signaling pathway mainly regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. In the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, the Wnt family ligands transduce signals through LRP5/6 and Frizzled receptors to the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascades. Wnt-targeted therapy has garnered extensive attention. The most commonly used approach in targeted therapy is small-molecule regulators. However, it is difficult for small-molecule regulators to make great progress due to their inherent defects. Therapeutic peptide regulators targeting the Wnt signaling pathway have become an alternative therapy, promising to fill the gaps in the clinical application of small-molecule regulators. In this review, we describe recent advances in peptide regulators for Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
DETIRE: a hybrid deep learning model for identifying viral sequences from metagenomes
Authors: Miao Yan , Bian Jilong , Dong Guanghui , Dai Tianhong
Published: June 2023

A metagenome contains all DNA sequences from an environmental sample, including viruses, bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. Since viruses are of huge abundance and have caused vast mortality and morbidity to human society in history as a type of major pathogens, detecting viruses from metagenomes plays a crucial role in analyzing the viral component of samples and is the very first step for clinical diagnosis. However, detecting viral fragments directly from the metagenomes is still a tough issue because of the existence of a huge number of short sequences. In this study a hybrid Deep lEarning model for idenTifying vIral sequences fRom mEtagenomes (DETIRE) is proposed to solve the problem. First, the graph-based nucleotide sequence embedding strategy is utilized to enrich the expression of DNA sequences by training an embedding matrix. Then, the spatial and sequential features are extracted by trained CNN and BiLSTM networks, respectively, to enrich the features of short sequences. Finally, the two sets of features are weighted combined for the final decision. Trained by 220,000 sequences of 500 bp subsampled from the Virus and Host RefSeq genomes, DETIRE identifies more short viral sequences (<1,000 bp) than the three latest methods, such as DeepVirFinder, PPR-Meta, and CHEER. DETIRE is freely available at Github (https://github.com/crazyinter/DETIRE).
The cytosolic N-terminal domain of V-ATPase a-subunits is a regulatory hub targeted by multiple signals
Authors: Tuli Farzana , Kane Patricia M.
Published: June 2023

Vacuolar H+-ATPases (V-ATPases) acidify several organelles in all eukaryotic cells and export protons across the plasma membrane in a subset of cell types. V-ATPases are multisubunit enzymes consisting of a peripheral subcomplex, V1, that is exposed to the cytosol and an integral membrane subcomplex, Vo, that contains the proton pore. The Vo a-subunit is the largest membrane subunit and consists of two domains. The N-terminal domain of the a-subunit (aNT) interacts with several V1 and Vo subunits and serves to bridge the V1 and Vo subcomplexes, while the C-terminal domain contains eight transmembrane helices, two of which are directly involved in proton transport. Although there can be multiple isoforms of several V-ATPase subunits, the a-subunit is encoded by the largest number of isoforms in most organisms. For example, the human genome encodes four a-subunit isoforms that exhibit a tissue- and organelle-specific distribution. In the yeast S. cerevisiae, the two a-subunit isoforms, Golgi-enriched Stv1 and vacuolar Vph1, are the only V-ATPase subunit isoforms. Current structural information indicates that a-subunit isoforms adopt a similar backbone structure but sequence variations allow for specific interactions during trafficking and in response to cellular signals. V-ATPases are subject to several types of environmental regulation that serve to tune their activity to their cellular location and environmental demands. The position of the aNT domain in the complex makes it an ideal target for modulating V1-Vo interactions and regulating enzyme activity. The yeast a-subunit isoforms have served as a paradigm for dissecting interactions of regulatory inputs with subunit isoforms. Importantly, structures of yeast V-ATPases containing each a-subunit isoform are available. Chimeric a-subunits combining elements of Stv1NT and Vph1NT have provided insights into how regulatory inputs can be integrated to allow V-ATPases to support cell growth under different stress conditions. Although the function and distribution of the four mammalian a-subunit isoforms present additional complexity, it is clear that the aNT domains of these isoforms are also subject to multiple regulatory interactions. Regulatory mechanisms that target mammalian a-subunit isoforms, and specifically the aNT domains, will be described. Altered V-ATPase function is associated with multiple diseases in humans. The possibility of regulating V-ATPase subpopulations via their isoform-specific regulatory interactions are discussed.
Steroid hormones: risk and resilience in women’s Alzheimer disease
Authors: Calvo Noelia , Einstein Gillian
Published: June 2023

More women have Alzheimer disease (AD) than men, but the reasons for this phenomenon are still unknown. Including women in clinical research and studying their biology is key to understand not just their increased risk but also their resilience against the disease. In this sense, women are more affected by AD than men, but their reserve or resilience mechanisms might delay symptom onset. The aim of this review was to explore what is known about mechanisms underlying women’s risk and resilience in AD and identify emerging themes in this area that merit further research. We conducted a review of studies analyzing molecular mechanisms that may induce neuroplasticity in women, as well as cognitive and brain reserve. We also analyzed how the loss of steroid hormones in aging may be linked to AD. We included empirical studies with human and animal models, literature reviews as well as meta-analyses. Our search identified the importance of 17-b-estradiol (E2) as a mechanism driving cognitive and brain reserve in women. More broadly, our analysis revealed the following emerging perspectives: (1) the importance of steroid hormones and their effects on both neurons and glia for the study of risk and resilience in AD, (2) E2’s crucial role in women’s brain reserve, (3) women’s verbal memory advantage as a cognitive reserve factor, and (4) E2’s potential role in linguistic experiences such as multilingualism and hearing loss. Future directions for research include analyzing the reserve mechanisms of steroid hormones on neuronal and glial plasticity, as well as identifying the links between steroid hormone loss in aging and risk for AD.
The pathological potential of ependymal cells in mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Nelles Diana G. , Hazrati Lili-Naz
Published: June 2023

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a common neurological condition affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Although the pathology of mTBI is not fully understood, ependymal cells present a promising approach for studying the pathogenesis of mTBI. Previous studies have revealed that DNA damage in the form of γH2AX accumulates in ependymal cells following mTBI, with evidence of widespread cellular senescence in the brain. Ependymal ciliary dysfunction has also been observed, leading to altered cerebrospinal fluid homeostasis. Even though ependymal cells have not been extensively studied in the context of mTBI, these observations reflect the pathological potential of ependymal cells that may underlie the neuropathological and clinical presentations of mTBI. This mini review explores the molecular and structural alterations that have been reported in ependymal cells following mTBI, as well as the potential pathological mechanisms mediated by ependymal cells that may contribute to overall dysfunction of the brain post-mTBI. Specifically, we address the topics of DNA damage-induced cellular senescence, dysregulation of cerebrospinal fluid homeostasis, and the consequences of impaired ependymal cell barriers. Moreover, we highlight potential ependymal cell-based therapies for the treatment of mTBI, with a focus on neurogenesis, ependymal cell repair, and modulation of senescence signaling pathways. Further insight and research in this field will help to establish the role of ependymal cells in the pathogenesis of mTBI and may lead to improved treatments that leverage ependymal cells to target the origins of mTBI pathology.
Pharmacological and non-pharmacological countermeasures to Space Motion Sickness: a systematic review
Authors: Khalid Akil , Prusty Pragnya P. , Arshad Iqra , Gustafson Hannah E. , Jalaly Isra , Nockels Keith , Bentley Barry L. , Goel Rahul , Ferrè Elisa R.
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Space Motion Sickness (SMS) is a syndrome that affects around 70% of astronauts and includes symptoms of nausea, dizziness, fatigue, vertigo, headaches, vomiting, and cold sweating. Consequences range from discomfort to severe sensorimotor and cognitive incapacitation, which might cause potential problems for mission-critical tasks and astronauts and cosmonauts' well-being. Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological countermeasures have been proposed to mitigate SMS. However, their effectiveness has not been systematically evaluated. Here we present the first systematic review of published peer-reviewed research on the effectiveness of pharmacological and non-pharmacological countermeasures to SMS.

Methods

We performed a double-blind title and abstract screening using the online Rayyan collaboration tool for systematic reviews, followed by a full-text screening. Eventually, only 23 peer-reviewed studies underwent data extraction.

Results

Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological countermeasures can help mitigate SMS symptoms.

Discussion

No definitive recommendation can be given regarding the superiority of any particular countermeasure approach. Importantly, there is considerable heterogeneity in the published research methods, lack of a standardized assessment approach, and small sample sizes. To allow for consistent comparisons between SMS countermeasures in the future, standardized testing protocols for spaceflight and ground-based analogs are needed. We believe that the data should be made openly available, given the uniqueness of the environment in which it is collected.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021244131.
Revitalizing quality of life: a case report on the beneficial impact of comprehensive rehabilitation therapy in treating upper-limb lymphedema following breast cancer surgery
Authors: Sui Yan-Fang , Tong Lang-Qian , Lin Xia-Fei , Wu Hai-Xia , Shi Jing-Qin , Wang Shan-Shan , Tang Bu-He , Song Zhen-Hua
Published: June 2023

Objective

To underscore the paramount significance of incorporating comprehensive rehabilitation therapy as a crucial aspect of managing lymphedema caused by breast cancer surgery, and to illuminate our first-hand experience and insights gained in utilizing this approach.

Methods

We present a case report of a breast cancer survivor who had been suffering from persistent left upper-limb edema for over 15 years, who was effectively treated with a combination of conventional rehabilitation (seven-step decongestion therapy) and a comprehensive rehabilitation program (seven-step decongestion therapy, along with core and respiratory function training, as well as functional brace wearing). The efficacy of the rehabilitation therapy was evaluated through a comprehensive assessment

Results

Although the patient underwent the conventional rehabilitation program for one month, only limited improvement was observed. However, after an additional month of comprehensive rehabilitation treatment, the patient exhibited significant improvement in both lymphedema and the overall function of the left upper limb. The patient’s progress was quantified by measuring the reduction in arm circumference, which demonstrated a notable decrease. Furthermore, improvements in joint range of motion were observed, with forward flexion of the shoulder enhancing by 10°, forward flexion improving by 15°, and elbow flexion increasing by 10°. In addition, manual muscular strength tests revealed an increase in strength from Grade 4 to Grade 5. The patient’s quality of life was also significantly improved, as evidenced by the increase in the Activities of Daily Living score from 95 to 100 points, the increase in the the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy: Breast score from 53 to 79 points, and the decrease in the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale score from 24 to 17 points.

Conclusion

While seven-step decongestion therapy has been shown to be effective in reducing upper-limb lymphedema caused by breast cancer surgery, it has limitations in treating more chronic cases of the condition. However, when combined with core and respiratory function training and functional brace wearing, seven-step decongestion therapy has been shown to be even more effective in reducing lymphedema and improving limb function, ultimately leading to significant improvements in quality of life.
Lung cancer screening beliefs in Armenia
Authors: Chu Nathan , Tupper Haley , Galoyan Tamara , Lulejian Armine , Dickhoner James , Hovhannisyan Marine , Shekherdimian Shant
Published: June 2023

Introduction

In Armenia, an upper-middle income country, 93% of deaths are from non-communicable diseases and over half of the male population smokes. Armenia has more than double the global lung cancer incidence. Over 80% of lung cancer is diagnosed at stages III or IV. However, there is a significant mortality benefit in detecting early-stage lung cancer via screening with low-dose computed tomography.

Methods

This study employed a rigorously-translated, previously-validated survey based on the Expanded Health Belief Model to understand how Armenian male smokers’ beliefs would affect lung cancer screening participation.

Results

Survey responses highlighted key health beliefs that would mediate screening participation. Most respondents felt they were at risk for lung cancer, but over 50% also believed their cancer risk was equivalent to (or less than) non-smokers’ risk. Respondents also overwhelmingly agreed a scan could help detect cancer earlier, but fewer agreed early detection could reduce cancer mortality. Important barriers included absence of symptoms and costs of screening and treatment.

Discussion

Overall, the potential to reduce lung cancer-related deaths in Armenia is high, but there are a number of central health beliefs and barriers that would limit screening uptake and effectiveness. Improved health education, careful consideration of socioeconomic screening barriers, and appropriate screening recommendations may be useful in overcoming these beliefs.
LncRNA AL161431.1 predicts prognosis and drug response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Mingzhu , Mao Mingyu , Yang Fan , Zhou Tao , Zhou Liuqing , Li Yuncheng
Published: June 2023

Background

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized as essential players in various biological processes due to their interactions with DNA, RNA, and protein. Emerging studies have demonstrated lncRNAs as prognostic biomarkers in multiple cancers. However, the prognostic effect of lncRNA AL161431.1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients has not been reported.

Methods

In the present study, we conducted a series of analyses to identify and validate the prognostic value of lncRNA AL161431.1 in HNSCC, which included differential lncRNAs screening, survival analysis, Cox regression analysis, time ROCanalysis, nomogram prediction, enrichment analysis, tumor infiltration of immune cells, drug sensitivity analysis, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

Results

In this study, we performed a comprehensive survival and predictive analysis and demonstrated that AL161431.1 was an independent prognostic factor of HNSCC, for which a high AL161431.1 level indicated poor survival in HNSCC. Functional enrichment analyses found that cell growth and immune-related pathways were significantly enriched in HNSCC, suggesting that AL161431.1 may play a role in tumor development and tumor microenvironment (TME). AL161431.1-related immune cells infiltration analysis demonstrated that AL161431.1 expression is significantly positively associated with M0 macrophages in HNSCC (P<0.001). Using "OncoPredict", we recognized chemotherapy drugs sensitive to the high expression group. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to identify the expression level of AL161431.1 in HNSCC, and the results further validated our findings.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that AL161431.1 is a reliable prognostic marker for HNSCC and can potentially be an effective therapeutic target.
Ethyl gallate isolated from phenol-enriched fraction of Caesalpinia mimosoides Lam. Promotes cutaneous wound healing: a scientific validation through bioassay-guided fractionation
Authors: Bhat Pradeep , Patil Vishal S. , Anand Ashish , Bijjaragi Subhas , Hegde Ganesh R. , Hegde Harsha V. , Roy Subarna
Published: June 2023

The tender shoots of Caesalpinia mimosoides Lam. are used ethnomedically by the traditional healers of Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka (India) for the treatment of wounds. The current study was aimed at exploring phenol-enriched fraction (PEF) of crude ethanol extract of tender shoots to isolate and characterize the most active bio-constituent through bioassay-guided fractionation procedure. The successive fractionation and sub-fractionation of PEF, followed by in vitro scratch wound, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities, yielded a highly active natural antioxidant compound ethyl gallate (EG). In vitro wound healing potentiality of EG was evidenced by a significantly higher percentage of cell migration in L929 fibroblast cells (97.98 ± 0.46% at 3.81 μg/ml concentration) compared to a positive control group (98.44 ± 0.36%) at the 48th hour of incubation. A significantly higher rate of wound contraction (98.72 ± 0.41%), an elevated tensile strength of the incised wound (1,154.60 ± 1.42 g/mm2), and increased quantity of connective tissue elements were observed in the granulation tissues of the 1% EG ointment treated animal group on the 15th post-wounding day. The accelerated wound healing activity of 1% EG was also exhibited by histopathological examinations through Hematoxylin and Eosin, Masson’s trichome, and Toluidine blue-stained sections. Significant up-regulation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant contents (reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) and down-regulation of oxidative stress marker (lipid peroxidation) clearly indicates the effective granular antioxidant activity of 1% EG in preventing oxidative damage to the skin tissues. Further, in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of EG supports the positive correlation with its enhanced wound-healing activity. Moreover, molecular docking and dynamics for 100 ns revealed the stable binding of EG with cyclooxygenase-2 (−6.2 kcal/mol) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (−4.6 kcal/mol) and unstable binding with tumor necrosis factor-α (−7.2 kcal/mol), suggesting the potential applicability of EG in inflammation and wound treatment.