bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD LEUKOCYTES SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INTERFERON-α2 IN VITRO CHANGE AMONGST CHILDREN WITH INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS
Authors: Kurtasova L. M. , Shakina N. A. , Ikkes L. A.
Published: March 2017

Objective: to measure cell susceptibility of peripheral blood leukocytes to interferon-α2 in vitro at children during the acute period in 1 and 6 months after infectious mononucleosis caused by the Epstein–Barr virus. 47 children aged 4–6 years with moderately severe form of the disease in the acute period of infectious mononucleosis caused by the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) were examined, as well as in 1 month (n = 17) and 6 months (n = 11) after the disease. The focus group consisted of 36 nearly healthy children. The cell susceptibility to interferon-α2 in vitro was determined by the method of Kurtasova L.M. et al. (2007). Chemiluminescence of blood leukocytes was studied by De Sole et al. (1983). The susceptibility change of peripheral blood leukocytes to interferon-α2 in vitro at children with infectious mononucleosis caused by Epstein–Barr virus in dynamics of the disease has been revealed. The expansion of the range of cell susceptibility to interferon-α2 in 6 months after the disease has been enclosed. The dependence of the susceptibility of peripheral blood leukocytes to interferon-α2 in vitro on the dose and the period of the disease has been fixed.
SEVERE INTESTINAL FAILURE IN A CHAGAS’S DISEASE PATIENT AFTER TOTAL COLECTOMY PLUS PARTIAL ILEECTOMY
Authors: Duarte Thaís Castro , Melo Fernanda Godoi , Santos-Júnior José Rodrigues , Moussa Marcel P. , De-Souza Daurea Abadia
Published: March 2017

Introduction: To report the clinical course of a Chagas’s disease patient with severe intestinal failure after resection of the total colon and terminal ileum.Case Report: The patient underwent rectosigmoidectomy (of the sigmoid volvulus, December 2009) and total colectomy plus partial ileectomy (May 2011). Patient evolved with multiple hospitalizations caused by severe diarrhea (up to 23 stools/day), hydroelectrolyte disturbance and acute renal failure, severe protein-energy malnutrition [loss of 34.9% of usual body weight (uBW)], and multiple episodes of sepsis. Were prescribed parenteral nutrition solutions exclusively or concurrently with very small volumes (e.g., 40ml/day) of semi-elemental diet with low fat and high protein. After several weeks predetermined amounts of carbohydrate-rich foods (potatoes, rice, pasta, cassava), vegetables (chayote, carrots), low-fat meat, cream crackers, coconut water and fruit (watermelon, melon, banana) were progressively introduced. After 36 months, the patient was metabolically stable (BW=67.2 kg, weight recovery of 23.6 kg), with hydroelectrolytic balance. Due to the recovery of the functional capacity, the patient was advised to return to his work activities. Conclusions: Chagas’s disease patient submitted to intestinal resection may have severe intestinal failure and protein-energy malnutrition. Specialized nutritional therapy and clinical and laboratory monitoring by a multidisciplinary team, can contribute to better prognostic.
Social Stratification of Education by Ethnic Minority Groups over Generations in the UK
Authors: Lessard-Phillips Laurence , Li Yaojun
Published: March 2017

A large body of research has been conducted both on the social stratification of education at the general level and on the educational attainments of ethnic minority groups in the UK. The former has established the increasing fluidity in the class–education association, without paying much attention to ethnicity, whilst the latter has shown reinvigorated aspirations by the second generation without fine-grained analyses. This paper adds to this literature by examining the relationship between family class, ethno-generational status and educational attainment for various 1st, 1.5, 2nd, 2.5, 3rd and 4th generations in contemporary UK society. Using data from Understanding Society, we study the educational attainment of different ethno-generational groups. Our analysis shows high educational selectivity among the earlier generations, a disruptive process for the 1.5 generation, high second-generation achievement, and a ‘convergence toward the mean’ for later generations. Parental class generally operates in a similar way for the ethno-generational groups and for the majority population, yet some minority ethnic groups of salariat origins do not benefit from parental advantages as easily. An ‘elite, middle and lower’ structure manifests itself in the intergenerational transmission of advantage in educational attainment. This paper thus reveals new features of class-ethno relations hitherto unavailable in UK research.
Double Disadvantages: A Study of Ethnic and Hukou Effects on Class Mobility in China (1996–2014)
Authors: Li Yaojun , Zhao Yizhang
Published: March 2017

This paper examines the ethnic and household registration system (hukou) effects on intergenerational social mobility for men in China. Using national representative surveys covering almost two decades (1996–2014), we assess both absolute and relative rates of mobility by ethnicity and hukou origin. With regard to absolute mobility, we find that minority men had significantly lower rates of total and upward mobility than Han men, and those from rural hukou origins faced more unfavourable chances. With regard to relative mobility, we find men of rural ethnic origins significantly less likely to inherit their parental positions. Even with parental and own educational qualifications and party memberships controlled for, we still find ethnic minority men of rural hukou origins behind others in access to professional-managerial positions. Overall, our findings suggest that the preferential policies have largely removed the ethnic differences in the urban sector but ethnic minority men from rural hukou origins are faced with double disadvantages: in addition to the inequality of opportunity rooted in the institutional divide which they share with the majority group from similar backgrounds, they face much greater inequalities in conditions, namely, in having poorer socio-economic and cultural resources.
Pattern of esophageal cancer in tertiary care hospital in North India: a clinicopathological study
Authors: Gupta Vishal , Bhardwaj Subash , Bhagat Opinder Kumar
Published: March 2017

Background: Esophageal cancer is one of the deadliest and eighth most common cancer worldwide. It is the sixth most common cause of cancer related deaths with developing nations making up more than 80% of total cases and deaths. The purpose of this study was to assess the histopathological pattern of esophageal cancer in our region.Methods: In our centre, we analyzed 101 cases of endoscopic esophageal biopsy proven cases of esophageal cancer from January 2014 to June 2016. In most of these cases, dysphagia was the commonest indication of esophageal endoscopy.Results: 65 cases (64.4%) were males and 36 cases (35.6%) were females. Most of the patients were in the age group of 41-60 years. The histopathological analysis revealed squamous cell carcinoma as the most common esophageal cancer (n=61, 60.4%) followed by adenocarcinoma (n=38, 37.6%) and 02 cases of undifferentiated carcinoma (2%).Conclusions: Esophageal cancer is one of the commonest digestive tract malignancy in India. The males are affected more than the females with male to female ratio of 1.8:1. The maximum number of cases being seen in fifth and sixth decade of life. The squamous cell carcinoma is the most common esophageal cancer seen, with middle esophagus being the commonest site. However, the number of cases of adenocarcinoma are on rise.
Medical research council dyspnoea score and forced expiratory volume in one second as the predictors of vertical climbing in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients
Authors: Bagade Aviragee A. , Jiandani Mariya P. , Mehta Amita
Published: March 2017

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a leading cause of chronic morbidity and mortality throughout the globe. MRC and FEV1 are related with 6MWD in COPD. But stair climbing is mechanically and physiologically different from walking. Dyspnoea is most often the limiting factor to staircase climbing. Hence the study is designed to correlate MRC dyspnoea score and FEV1 with vertical height climbed in COPD patients and to find out whether they are the predictors of vertical climbing in COPD patients.Methods: It was Prospective Cross sectional study. 50 COPD patients satisfying the inclusion criteria were underwent a stair climb test after recording their MRC dyspnoea score and FEV1. FEV1 was measured with mini Wright peak flow meter in sitting position. Vertical height of floor climbed, time taken to climb and recovery time was recorded.Results: A significant negative correlation and positive correlation was observed between vertical height climbed and MRC dyspnoea score (r= -0.76, p=0.001) and between vertical height climbed and FEV1 (r=0.59, p<0.001) respectively. On Multiple linear regression analysis, both are found to be the independent predictors of vertical height climbed by COPD.Conclusions: MRC and FEV1 correlated with vertical height climbed and found to be the independent predictors of vertical climbing in COPD patients. Vertical height climb (m) can be predicted with equation 12.94+5.58(FEV1) – 3.35(MRC).
Recurrent immune thrombocytopenic purpura with excellent prognosis
Authors: Biyani Garima , Azad Syed Md , Guha Souvik , Kapoor Rohit , De Hriday
Published: March 2017

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by increase in destruction of circulatory platelets and is the most common cause of acquired thrombocytopenia in childhood. ITP can be classified based on duration of thrombocytopenia as acute and chronic form. Recurrent ITP is defined as recurrence of symptoms, after at least three months of remission sustained without any treatment. It is a rare entity and seen in just 5% of all ITP cases. Further, its treatment is often cumbersome and warrants use of non-conventional drugs and splenectomy. Reported here is a case of ITP in a 10-year-old girl, who presented with three recurrences and all episodes were successfully treated with either oral Prednisolone or resolved spontaneously.
Traditional practices during pregnancy and childbirth among tribal women from Maharashtra: a review
Authors: Begum Shahina , Sebastian Ajeesh , Kulkarni Ragini , Singh Shalini , Donta Balaiah
Published: March 2017

There are various traditional beliefs and practices exist in relation to pregnancy and childbirth among various tribal communities in Maharashtra. A review of published literature has conducted and a total of 114 articles and reports were reviewed out of which 14 articles and reports were eligible for the final review. Utilization of maternal and child health (MCH) services during pregnancy and delivery period was reportedly poor among tribal communities due to strong traditional beliefs and trust in Dai, and preference for home delivery for the requirement of some rituals performance. Unhygienic cord care practices, delay in initiation of breastfeeding, and no colostrum feeding practice were also observed. Culturally sensitive tailored interventions are required to influence the existing maternal and child health related traditional practices
Factors affecting survival of women with breast cancer in King Fahad Medical City, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abu Zaid Lamyaa Z. , Nuzhat Ayesha , Rafiqe Munazzah
Published: March 2017

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women in 140 of 184 countries worldwide.  The association between breast cancer survival and socio-demographic and pathologic factors has been widely studied in the developed countries. But scarce data is available from Saudi Arabia. We aimed to determine the overall observed one year and three years survival rate of female breast cancer patients and to investigate the factors affecting survival rate. Methods: Retrospective data was collected from the cancer center registry at King Fahad Medical City (KFMC) that included all women diagnosed with breast cancer between 1st January 2011 till 31st December 2012 and were followed to 31st December 2015 (cut off point for follow-up). Kaplan-Meier analysis was done to assess overall survival. The factors affecting survival rate such as age, histological type, tumor grade at diagnosis, metastases and treatment options were investigated using log rank test and Cox regression analysis. Results: The overall observed survival probability of the study population at 1, and 3 years was 95%, and 85%, respectively. The 3 year survivals for the younger (≤40 years), 41-50 years and older (50+ years) patients were 83.9%, 90.6% and 80.6% respectively, the differences not reaching statistical significance. There were statistically significant associations between three year survival and histological type of tumour, laterality, metastases and type of treatment by the univariate analysis log rank test. Conclusions: One and three-year survival rate of breast cancer at KFMC was 96% and 85% respectively. Investigating the factors affecting survival rate is one of the most essential means of improving cancer prognosis.
A study of physical activity levels and its correlates among adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Patil Chaitanya , Dhoble Manjusha , Kaware Alka
Published: March 2017

Background: Three fourth of the world’s death burden is shared by low to middle income countries due to non-communicable diseases. Physical inactivity is one of the important preventable risk factor in non-communicable diseases. It amounts to 4th leading risk factor for global mortality. Hence, this study was conducted to study the physical activity level and its correlates among adult patients attending health training centres in Nagpur. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among adult patients attending the health centres of Indira Gandhi Government Medical College. Pregnant women, lactating women, debilitated patients and patients not giving consent were excluded from the study. A preformed and pretested questionnaire was used to conduct the interviews which included socio-demographic variables like age, sex, and educational status. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were measured according to the standard guidelines. The physical activity level was calculated using the principles of 1985 FAO/WHO/UNU expert consultation (WHO, 1985). Results: Of 200 study subjects, 59% were having a sedentary lifestyle, 27% were having a moderately active lifestyle and 14% were having a vigorously active lifestyle. A statistically significant increasing trend for sedentary study subjects (p =0.002 with age was found. Those who reported sedentary physical activity levels had 3.42 odds of being hypertensive, 7.44 times odds of being diabetic, 3 times odds of being overweight and 2.41 odds of being obese. The adults in urban areas were having significantly less physical activity levels when compared rural areas. Conclusions: Higher levels of sedentary lifestyle were found in urban areas compared to rural areas. As the age increased the sedentary lifestyle was having a significantly increasing trend. Physical activity was associated with the diabetic status, hypertensive status, and obesity status.
Health problems and healthcare needs of elderly- community perspective from a rural setting in India
Authors: Bhatt Arun N. , Joseph Marina Rajan , Xavier Iby Ann , Sagar Pinkutty , S. Remadevi , Paul Sherin Susan
Published: March 2017

Background: Population is ageing in India. Health care and other needs associated with ageing have risen. The study objectives were to explore the concept of ‘healthy ageing’; health problems of elderly; and felt needs in the care of elderly perceived by the community.Methods: Total of five focus group discussions was conducted. Three Focus group discussions were conducted with family members of homebound elderly and one discussion each were conducted with primary health workers and residents of old age home to supplement the qualitative information gathered from the family members.Results: The participant could make a long list of geriatric health problems. But, their knowledge and attitude towards them was grossly incorrect. All the problems were regarded as part and parcel of ageing for which help was not sought proactively. Mental health problems were regarded as ‘behavioural’ and ‘psychological’ problems. The health problems had its bad effect on family relationships. The perceived healthcare needs were mostly of palliative nature. Day care centres were proposed to improve social interaction of elderly. The community could not afford the level of services which they need. Home care visits by a health team were regarded highly useful.Conclusions: Wide spectrum of barriers to healthcare access of elderly exists in the community. In this regard, a comprehensive community based geriatric health care program including health promotive, preventive, curative and palliative services needs to be formulated with a strong component of health education.
Status of oral polio vaccination program for international travellers and its determinants: an experience from a designated centre of West Bengal
Authors: Sarkar Manisha , Dasgupta Urmila , Bhattacharya Saikat , Bhattacharyya Krishna Das , Bhattacharya Salil Kumar
Published: March 2017

Background: In order to maintain the polio free status of India, it is vital to monitor the ongoing oral polio vaccination for international travellers. The aim of the study was to determine the status of oral polio vaccination program for international travellers from India to polio infected countries and to find out the determinants of deviation from proposed guidelines. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 101 International travellers from November 2014 to April 2015 at a designated Polio vaccination centre for international travellers in Kolkata. A pre-designed pre-tested schedule was used to collect oral polio vaccination related details. The travellers who gave consent were eligible for the study. Data was expressed in terms of mean, median, standard deviation etc. Association between variables was tested by Chi square test. Results: 32.7% of the travellers had inadequate gap between OPV & travel. Knowledge of gap between OPV and travel was perceived more from health centres and travel agencies than mass media. Inadequate gap was more among lower age group, males, those with information source as mass media, official purpose of visit, those with incorrect knowledge regarding the gap requirement and those who maintained at least four weeks gap between OPV and yellow fever vaccine. Conclusions: Wrong information from the source is responsible for wrong knowledge among the travellers which leads to inadequate gap between OPV and travel. It is crucial to increase awareness among the vaccinators and international travellers in order to contribute towards global polio eradication.
Assessment of indications of lower section caesarean section at tertiary care centre: a cross sectional study
Authors: Badge Vijay L. , Aggarwal Sumit Suresh , Ambalkar Deepti D. , Humne Arun , Raghuwanshi Neethika
Published: March 2017

Background: Caesarean section is one of the commonly performed surgical procedures in obstetrics and is certainly one of the oldest operations in surgery. One of the most dramatic features of modern obstetrics is the increase in the caesarean section rate. The present study was conducted to estimate proportion of various indications of LSCS and also to assess socio demographic profile of mothers undergoing caesarean section in a tertiary care centre. Methods: The present cross sectional observational study was conducted at Government Medical College & Hospital, Akola in the post natal ward (PNC). Non probability convenient sampling method was used. All patients admitted to PNC ward after LSCS were included in study. For data collection paper based pre tested, semi –structured questionnaire was used. Results: Previous LSCS was indication for LSCS in 32% cases. Eclampsia, preeclampsia and Anaemia were the indications for LSCS in 19.3%, 8.6% and 5.3% cases respectively. Other common indications includes CPD, meconium stained liquor, fetal distress, breech presentations, twin pregnancy and preterm labour. Conclusions: The proportion of LSCS is more than WHO recommended proportion of LSCS. It may be due to present institute acts as tertiary care center. Still this proportion is high, so encouragement should be given to trial of labour in selected low risk cases and in Primi patients whenever possible.
Intranatal and postnatal care practices among married women of reproductive age group: a community based cross- sectional study in the rural area of Surendranagar district
Authors: Bhimani Nishant R. , Vachhani Pushti V. , Kartha Girija P.
Published: March 2017

Background: Intra natal care means care taken during delivery. This consists of taking care of not only the mother but also the newborn at the time of child-birth. Appropriate delivery care is crucial for both maternal and perinatal health. Increasing skilled attendance at birth is a central goal of the safe motherhood and child survival mission. Postpartum care aimed at complication-free puerperium and a healthy baby. There is a high risk of mortality for both the mother and her baby in the immediate period around birth. High quality intranatal and postnatal care is the important way to reduce the maternal morbidity and mortality. Utilization of intranatal and postnatal services is poor in the rural areas, which ultimately lead to increased maternal & child morbidity and mortality.Methods: The study was carried out among married women of reproductive age group. Pre-designed and pretested Performa was used to obtain the information from participants. It was community based cross - sectional study. All the collected data were analysed by applying appropriate statistical tests. The data were analysed by statistical package for social sciences (SPSS).Results: A total of 353 women were included in the study. Majority (86.97%) of women utilized health facility either government or private for their deliveries. Significant difference was observed between literacy status as well as socio economic class and utilization of institutional facility for the place of delivery. More than half women i.e. nearly 56% had not availed postnatal care services.Conclusions: Percentage of institutional deliveries as well as deliveries attended by skilled birth attendant was quite better. The most common reason for not availing the intra natal and postnatal services was found to be lack of knowledge regarding importance of these services on the outcome of delivery.
A community based cross sectional study to estimate total cardiovascular risk in rural Punjab
Authors: Vikramaditya Bibhava , Satija Mahesh , Chaudhary Anurag , Sharma Sarit , Girdhar Sangeeta , Bansal Priya
Published: March 2017

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are leading cause of non communicable deaths in India. CVD risk prediction charts by World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension (WHO/ISH) are designed for implementing timely preventive measures. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of CVD risk parameters and to estimate total CVD risk among adults aged ≥40 years, using the WHO/ISH risk charts alone and also to assess the effect of the inclusion of additional criteria on CVD risk.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in fifteen villages of Ludhiana district under rural health training centre of Department of Community Medicine, Dayanand Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab. Desired information was obtained using WHO STEPS survey (STEP wise approach to surveillance) from 324 adults aged ≥40 years. Anthropometric, clinical and laboratory measurements were also performed. WHO/ISH risk prediction chart for South East Asian region (SEAR-D) was used to assess the cardiovascular risk among the subjects.Results: WHO/ISH risk prediction charts identified 16.0% of the subjects with high risk (≥20%) of developing a cardiovascular event. The study population showed higher prevalence of physical inactivity, obesity, abdominal obesity, hypertension and diabetes. Amongst high risk CVD group, maximum prevalence was of hypertension and high perceived stress level. However, the proportion of high CVD risk (≥20%) increased to 33.6% when subjects with blood pressure ≥160/100 mmHg and /or on hypertension medication were added as high risk.Conclusions: A substantial proportion of this community is at high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.
The outcome of exclusive breast feeding in infants born to HIV positive mothers on ART under SISU RAKSHA program, Bapuji child health institute, Davangere
Authors: R. T. Bhagyalakshmi , Manjunath T. P. , Banapurmath C. R. , S. Mruthunjaya
Published: March 2017

Background: Under SISU RAKSHA program (a joint initiative by SAATHII, not-for-profit organization and Bapuji child health institute, Davangere) the HIV positive pregnant mothers are enrolled, counseled and motivated during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding to adhere to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) to reduce mother to child transmission of HIV. Objective is to study the outcome of EBF on infants born to HIV positive mothers on ART under SISU RAKSHA program, with Outcome variables: HIV seroconversion, Growth status, Health status. Methods: 86 infant born to HIV positive mothers who completed 18 months follow up were included in the study. A prestuctured proforma was used to collect information about ART adherence, infant feeding practice, HIV seroconversion, growth and health status. Results: The HIV seroconversion of children on EBF among ART adherent mothers, 94.2 % (66/70) were non-reactive at 18th month follow up and 4.28% (3/70) were reactive. 92.8% (65/70) children growth were normal at 18th month follow up and 5.6% (4/70) were under weight and had recurrent infections. All these observations were statistically significant according to Fisher’s exact test. Conclusions: The rate of mother to child transmission of HIV and rate of other infections among children born to HIV positive mothers is reduced and growth is normal if the mother is adherent to EBF & ART. HIV positive mothers are regularly counseled and motivated to do so under the program. Therefore the SISU RAKSHA program is very effective program for prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV.
World Cancer Day 2017: Fact sheet and promotion
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: March 2017

The three-year (2016-2018) World Cancer Day campaign ‘We can. I can.’ Explores how everyone – together or individually – can help reduce the global burden of cancer.

What is World Cancer Day

World Cancer Day takes place every year on 4 February and unites the world under a single theme to highlight the on-going fight against cancer. World Cancer Day aims to reduce the number of preventable deaths each year by raising cancer awareness amongst the general public and pressing governments to take further action against the disease.
Święty Dominik w Langwedocji-Lauragais. Duchowość, miejsca i wydarzenia
Authors: Brzózy Zbigniew Nikodem
Published: March 2017

Artykuł przedstawia miejsca pobytu świętego Dominika w Langwedocji -Lauragais. Opisuje pobyt Dominika w Prouilhe, Fanjeaux i Montrealu na tle wojny religijnej z herezją. Przytacza mało znane lub nieznane szczegóły z życia Dominika oraz mniszek i braci z Prouilhe. Tekst odwołuje się do tradycyjnych katolickich źródeł opisujących genezę powstania Zakonu Kaznodziejskiego i umieszcza je w kontekście zarzutów o promowanie przez braci dominikanów przemocy wobec heretyków. Artykuł stara się pokazać początki Zakonu Kaznodziejskiego jeszcze przed jego zatwierdzeniem w 1216 roku. Szczególny akcent położony jest na zarysowanie duchowego profilu Dominika, kaznodziejstwa i jego metod działania. Do pewnego stopnia artykuł jest próbą konfrontacji faktów hagiograficznych, mówiących o świętości Dominika, z przekonaniami o jego aktywnym udziale w aparacie przemocy wobec katarów.
Dzieje parafii Łaszczów do końca XVIII wieku
Authors: Frykowski Janusz A.
Published: March 2017

Praca przedstawia dzieje łacińskiej parafii łaszczowskiej od momentu pojawienia się jej w źródłach do końca XVIII wieku.
Na wstępie określono położenie geograficzne parafii, jej wielkość i miejsce w strukturach organizacyjnych Kościoła. Analizując protokoły powizytacyjne biskupów chełmskich, starano się przedstawić wygląd świątyni łaszczowskiej i jej wyposażenie w badanym okresie. Odtworzono listę 20 duchownych związanych z kościołem łaszczowskim i określono beneficjum plebanów.
W dalszej czyści artykułu zajęto się funkcjonującym przy kościele Bractwem Różańca Świętego, ukazując jego sytuację finansową i formy działalności. Określono także w miarę możliwości liczbę wiernych oraz przedstawiono liczbę parafian przystępujących do sakramentów w drugiej połowie XVIII w. Omówiono także realizację przez plebanów w Łaszczowie, nałożonego przez Sobór Laterański IV, obowiązku zakładania i utrzymywania szkół.
Likwidacja Małych Seminariów Duchownych w Polsce prowadzonych przez Towarzystwo św. Franciszka Salezego
Authors: Pietrzykowski Jan
Published: March 2017

Małe Seminaria Duchowne - były to męskie szkoły średnie o profilu humanistycznym z internatami i miały za cel przygotować do matury kandydatów do kapłaństwa. Na ziemiach polskich salezjanie od początku prowadzili szkoły zawodowe, średnie, a w tym także niższe seminaria w: Daszawie koło Stryja, Lądzie nad Wartą, Pogrzebieniu, Jaciążku koło Makowa Mazowieckiego, Reginowie koło Baranowicz. Te instytucje dydaktyczno-wychowawcze zostały zlikwidowane podczas okupacji niemieckiej i sowieckiej.
W nowej powojennej rzeczywistości działalność wznowiło tylko małe seminarium w Lądzie. Salezjanie uruchomili niższe seminarium w Marszałkach koło Kępna, a na Ziemiach Zachodnich i Północnych we Fromborku i Środzie Śląskiej. Po zlikwidowaniu gimnazjów zakonnych (1948-1949) przez władze komunistyczne, salezjanie zapewnili chłopcom ciągłość nauki przez prowadzenie prywatnych małych seminariów w: Sokołowie Podlaskim, Twardogórze, Oświęcimiu i Różanymstoku koło Dąbrowy Białostockiej. Instytucje te zostały brutalnie zlikwidowane w roku 1952 i 1954. Przy tej okazji władze komunistyczne zabrały budynki z wyposażeniem (poza Lądem), a salezjanów eksmitowali z ich własności.
Podczas krótkotrwałej tzw. odwilży październikowej nowe władze komunistyczne w 1957 r. pozwoliły salezjanom otworzyć dwa małe seminaria, ale bez uprawnień szkół publicznych. Do lipca 1962 r. funkcjonowały te instytucje: w Sokołowie Podlaskim z filią w Czerwińsku i w Kopcu koło Częstochowy.
Authority of Reason in the Anglican Tradition
Authors: Kantyka Przemysław
Published: March 2017

The article examines the subject of reason in the Anglican theological tradition. First it examines the question of the relation between reason and the Scripture and its role in the proper understanding of the biblical message of faith. Reason safeguards the faith against the selective and literal use of the Scripture (“unthinking biblicism”). Next, the limitations of reason with respect to faith are indicated. Being necessary for the affirmation of the Scriptures, reason is insufficient in face of the mystery of God and thus requires revelation. The need for reason is ultimately recovered in the explanation and affirmation of faith: intelligo ut credam.
Historia teologii moralnej jako element przekazu orędzia moralnego
Authors: Derdziuk Andrzej
Published: March 2017

Historia rozumiana zarówno jako dzieje człowieka i narracja przeszłości jest szkołą życia oraz skarbnicą doświadczeń. Historia człowieka jest też historią zbawienia, która pozwala w wierze odczytywać zbawcze interwencje Boga. Historia świata ma wymiar antropologiczny i obrazuje dzieje ludzkości doświadczającej wpływu różnych czynników. Historia teologii moralnej naznaczona jest działaniem świętych oraz twórczością teologów, którzy stworzyli podręczniki i oddziaływali na życie Kościoła. Dwadzieścia wieków chrześcijaństwa stało się areną przemian świadomości moralnej człowieka, na które miały wpływ wydarzenia polityczne i gospodarcze, a nade wszystko oddziaływania wybitnych jednostek. Ewangeliczna inspiracja dała światu nową koncepcję antropologii oraz ukazała możliwość interpretacji dziejów w perspektywie prowadzenia przez Bożą Opatrzność. W artykule przedstawiono rozumienie historii oraz wskazano na formy przejawiania się Ewangelii w dziejach teologii moralnej. Powolne wzrastanie w rozumieniu orędzia ewangelicznego staje się samo w sobie szkołą wychowania do poszukiwania dobra.
Church Language at the Service of Gender Justice: The Example of the Lutheran Churches in the United States (ELCA) and Canada (ELCIC)
Authors: Składanowski Marcin
Published: March 2017

This article is aimed at presenting a certain limited and at the same time significant area on which such cultural and political pressure is exerted, i.e. the Churches’ language policies. The issue of language policy, which is seen as a symbol of actions undertaken for the sake of gender equality in church life, will be presented based on the example of the Lutheran Churches. This is because it is Lutherans who, in recent years, have been the most committed to promoting equality between, and equal rights for, women and men (especially in North America) in social, economic and political life as well as within the Church’s structures. The article begins with a presentation of the issue of gender justice in modern mainstream Lutheranism. Then the role of church language for this trend in the Church is shown as a tool in the fight for gender justice and for eliminating inequalities as well as negative stereotypes. Next, the official recommendations of the largest Lutheran Churches in North America are presented concerning the purification of church language and containing guidelines on its proper, non-discriminatory use. Finally, an attempt is made at presenting the results of Lutheran language policy.
Ciąża ektopowa z perspektywy bioetycznej
Authors: Wróbel Józef
Published: March 2017

Jeden z trudnych przypadków, z którymi spotyka się praktyka biomedyczna, dotyczy etycznego postępowania w przypadku ciąży ektopowej (pozamacicznej). Dosyć powszechne jest przekonanie, że ciąża ektopowa musi być szybko zakończona, gdyż takie postępowanie daje dobre rokowania i pozwala zminimalizować ryzyko śmierci matki. W sytuacjach niecierpiących zwłoki rozwijający się płód usuwa się na drodze ingerencji inwazyjnej. W przypadku wcześnie rozpoznanej ciąży ektopowej medycyna wybiera raczej oddziaływanie farmakologiczne, przeważnie przy pomocy metotreksatu (methotrexate). W wymiarze praktycznym powyższe działania są jednak bezpośrednio wymierzone w embrion, powodując jego zniszczenie.
W przypadku wczesnego wykrycia takiej ciąży i dobrej kondycji zdrowotnej matki, możliwe jest również powstrzymanie się od natychmiastowych ingerencji i wyczekiwanie połączone z uważną obserwacją. Dosyć częste są bowiem przypadki samowyleczenia. Znane są również rzadkie przypadki donoszenia ciąży ektopowej i urodzenia zdrowego dziecka.
Z punktu widzenia chrześcijańskiego wykluczone jest działanie wymierzone wprost w ludzki embrion.
Najtrudniejsze z moralnego punktu widzenia jest rozpoznanie bliskiego w czasie pęknięcia jajowodu lub szyjki macicy, przeważnie po 7-10 tygodniach ciąży. Moralnie dopuszczalne jest usunięcie tkanki lub organu (jego części), w którym embrion się zagnieździł. Źródłem zagrożenia dla matki nie jest embrion, ale zmiany dokonujące się w tkance organu, w którym on się rozwija. Konieczne jest jej usunięcie i ona jest celem chirurgicznej ingerencji. Skutkiem ubocznym tej ingerencji jest niemożliwe do uniknięcia zakończenie ciąży i wtórna śmierć dziecka. Taką ingerencję medyczną ocenia się więc z perspektywy dwóch klasycznych zasad moralnych: zasady całościowości i zasady „voluntarium indirectum” (czynu o podwójnym skutku). Powyższa interpretacja znajduje afirmację w wypowiedziach Magisterium Kościoła.
Zrównoważony rozwój sektora rolnego na Ukrainie w kontekście strategii „Europa 2020”
Authors: Łopatynskyi Yurii M.
Published: March 2017

W artykule omówiono podstawowe elementy zrównoważonego rozwoju sektora rolnego na przykładzie Ukrainy. Zaproponowano główne kierunki harmonizacji uwarunkowań zrównoważonego rozwoju w kontekście strategii „Europa 2020”.
Das memórias da infância aos desafios da sala de aula: como venho me constituindo professora
Authors: Luca Mônica Maria Barbosa Leiva de
Published: March 2017

No presente artigo procuro narrar como foi sendo constituída minha identidade de professora, a partir das lembranças, da minha história de estudante, do processo de formação vivido, das experiências que tive, até a reflexão sobre a realidade na qual me insiro atualmente, atuando como professora de ensino fundamental, na Escola Padre Francisco Silva da Rede Municipal de Campinas, desde 2003. A inserção nessa realidade rica e dinâmica promove inquietações, entre elas o questionamento sobre como a formação que temos na universidade não dá conta da complexidade dos processos vividos no cotidiano escolar, com crianças concretas, cada qual com suas especificidades, como o trabalho com a heterogeneidade, a auto-imagem dos grupos e das crianças, as relações interpessoais, a avaliação, o sistema seriado, os tempos, os limites e as possibilidades. Entrar na escola também implicou perceber que as possibilidades de atuação se ampliam, quando há o desejo pela mudança e o compromisso social das pessoas que integram os diferentes espaços coletivos da nossa escola, em realizar essa transformação. O processo de formação é continuo na relação com as crianças e nos diferentes espaços de reflexão coletiva que a gestão proporciona aos profissionais da educação em nossa escola.
Sala de aula: espaço da arte e do afeto
Authors: Gomes Gisele Filippini
Published: March 2017

O presente texto discute a questão da arte como motivadora na relação de afetividade entre professor e aluno, influenciando a própria dinâmica do espaço da sala de aula. A partir da experiência relatada, será possível perceber a importância do desenvolvimento de projetos relacionado à artes, enquanto um elemento facilitador do processo de aprendizagem, mobilizando o aluno para uma formação mais humana e sensível.
O invisível das relações visíveis na escola
Authors: Marçal Maristela
Published: March 2017

Considerando a importância da escola privilegiar as relações e interações estabelecidas entre todos os sujeitos da escola, nos seus diversos espaços e tempos, bem como a influencia destas relações na organização e funcionamento da unidade escolar, o presente artigo busca discutir sobre as influencias, ressonâncias e possibilidades que estas relações exercem nas ações dos professores como dos alunos no cotidiano da escola. Para tanto, tomo como espaço-tempo de discussão e reflexão sobre o assunto, três importantes situações que vivenciamos na EMEF Padre Francisco Silva: o Festival da Amizade, a Caminhada Cidadã e o Festival de Dança e Expressão Corporal.
Implicações e conquistas da atuação do intérprete de língua de sinais no Ensino Superior
Authors: Martins Vanessa Regina de Oliveira
Published: March 2017

A profissão do intérprete educacional tem ganhado espaço dentro da sala de aula. Salientamos que a notória presença e a maior visibilidade, atualmente, do intérprete de língua de sinais, é caracterizada no ensino superior. Isso em cumprimento da legislação que garante ao educando, com necessidades especiais, as mudanças necessárias para o atendimento e as adaptações pertinentes ao seu pleno acesso dentro da instituição de ensino. Nesse estudo observaremos a atuação do intérprete no ensino superior e as mudanças corporativas referentes à recepção e enquadramento deste novo profissional da educação.
Los modelos lógicos para la evaluación de programas educativos
Authors: Mediano Catalina Martinez-
Published: March 2017

El propósito de este artículo es mostrar el proceso del modelo lógico para guiar el diseño y la evaluación de programas, ayudando a los gestores, diseñadores y evaluadores de programas a diseñar los programas y sus metas, planificar sus procesos, concretar las estrategias para la realización de las actividades dirigidas al logro de los resultados pretendidos y a evaluar, de un modo comprensivo, el programa, sus procesos y sus resultados y a partir de su comprensión, realizar propuestas de mejora. Se analizan las características de los modelos lógicos, los elementos que subyacen a la evaluación de programas, el concepto de programa y los criterios de su calidad. Asimismo se analizan las metodologías de investigación a utilizar en la evaluación, las características de los informes y su orientación para favorecer el uso de los resultados de la evaluación, junto con los estándares que deben guiar la evaluación y la meta-evaluación.
Formação continuada: pesquisa a partir das fontes formativas expressas por um grupo de professoras
Authors: Fernandes Anoel
Published: March 2017

O objetivo deste artigo foi investigar de onde advêm as experiências de formação continuada de um grupo de professoras atuantes no ciclo I da rede pública estadual paulista. Como método de pesquisa, aplicou-se um questionário para um grupo de 37 professoras. O referencial teórico utilizado para análise foi o conceito de formação tal como formulado por Adorno e seus desdobramentos. Com base nas respostas dadas a um questionário que conteve itens referentes à realização de cursos de atualização profissional e instituições promotoras de tais cursos, assim como as fontes de influência sobre as professoras no que se refere à educação. Os resultados indicam que a formação continuada das professoras que compuseram a amostra é realizada em sua maior parte pelo próprio locus de trabalho em que estão inseridas. Os dados aqui encontrados desencadeiam uma discussão relevante, a saber: a formação no âmbito do trabalho é pseudoformação por ser uma formação voltada para atender às demandas do sistema.
Políticas, poéticas e práticas pedagógicas (com minúsculas)
Authors: Tedeschi Sirley Lizott
Published: March 2017

RIBETTO, Anelice (Org.). Políticas, poéticas e práticas pedagógicas (com minúsculas). 1. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Lamparina/FAPERJ, 2014.
Modos de aprender, oficinar e inventar na experiência com a infância
Authors: Silva Paula Marques , Lazzarotto Gislei Domingas Romanzini , AXT Margarete
Published: March 2017

O estudo é realizado a partir de atividades de Grupos acadêmicos de extensão e de pesquisa no âmbito da educação, psicologia e políticas juvenis. O contexto envolve o cotidiano de educadores/as e crianças em uma Oficina de Aprendizagem que segue a perspectiva da pedagogia libertária/anarquista numa organização comunitária no bairro da Restinga, em Porto Alegre, RS. O modo de oficinar agrega estratégias ligadas à arte e à cultura compondo um espaço de reflexão e criação que abarca as temáticas da autonomia e da coletividade associadas aos modos de viver na cidade. A partir da metodologia da pesquisa­-intervenção foi acompanhada a experiência de aprender enunciada pelas crianças na oficina e realizada uma analítica narrativa dessa aprendizagem. Os conceitos de experiência, tempo e aprender, em diálogo com Gilles Deleuze e Henri Bergson, possibilitam a análise do sentido da invenção na experiência de oficinar e de pesquisar com a infância nesse contexto.Palavras-chave: Aprender; invenção; infância.
Primeiro o primário: a educação elementar no Brasil, no ideário de Anísio Teixeira
Authors: Marasca Elaine , Boschetti Vania Regina
Published: March 2017

Este artigo traz um percurso histórico-conceitual das ideias e atividades de Anísio Teixeira sobre a educação elementar. Com seu grande senso de medida, dono de uma cultura diversificada, primava pela forma democrática de administrar. Em meio a muitos problemas e divergências, Anísio Teixeira consegue provar que é possível uma intervenção na escola, se e quando houver seriedade, ética, recursos e vontade política, convergindo para uma real qualificação do ensino. Sua intenção não era propor novos paradigmas; era dar qualificação e autonomia pedagógica ao professor, visando abrir possibilidades ao aluno, conciliando saber intelectual e manual, arte e ciência, costume e racionalidade. Uma escola pública, gratuita e laica, que privilegiasse o ensino básico, primário, que elevasse o nível de sua comunidade, propiciando o direito à educação integral de qualidade para todos, e que, potencialmente, abrisse as portas para a autonomia, o pertencimento e a liberdade.Palavras-chave: Educação básica; escola-parque; educação integral; escola pública.
Hospital Based Birth Defect Surveillance in a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Kumar MK Mohan , Vinodkumar M.S. , Indu ,
Published: March 2017

According to WHO in 2010, an estimated 270000 deaths globally were attributable to congenital anomalies during first 28 days of life. In an effort to decrease the number of congenital anomalies worldwide, 63rd the WHO adopted a birth defects resolution. The aim was to prevent congenital anomalies and raise awareness about their effects. Hospital based surveillance was implemented in India in collaboration with WHO. Institute of Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), Govt. Medical College Kozhikode was selected from the state of Kerala. Aim of this study includes, monitor and detect clusters (outbreaks) of congenital anomalies among a defined population and refer affected infants to appropriate services in a timely manner. Out of 15519 live births and 409 still births during the period of one year from November 2015 to 2016, there were 123 newborns with selected external congenital anomalies. 
Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) of Geography Teachers’ and its Effect on Self-efficacy and Teacher Effectiveness in West Bengal, India
Authors: Patra Anujit , Guha Abhijit
Published: March 2017

The present study is concerned with the subject of Geography and its teachers in secondary school. The objective was to find out the status of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) in Geography teachers and also its effect on Self-efficacy and Teacher effectiveness together. For conducting this study descriptive survey method was employed. The data was collected from 401 Geography teachers of secondary schools of West Bengal. The data was analyzed through SPSS 21. The MANOVA result led to reject the null hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance that there would be no significant multivariate effect for the combined dependent variables of self-efficacy and teacher effectiveness in respect of teachers’ level of PCK in geography with Wilks' Lambda (i.e. Exact Statistic) value of .970, Pillai's Trace value of .030, Hotelling’s Trace value of .031 and Roy's Largest Root value of .031. All the ‘p’ values were less than .05. Post hoc test showed that teachers with high level of PCK in Geography were significantly different from the teachers having moderate and low levels of PCK in geography in their self-efficacy. On the other hand, teachers with high level of PCK were significantly different from the teachers having low levels of PCK in geography in teacher effectiveness. Study also revealed that, teachers self-efficacy is positively related with teacher effectiveness in geography teaching.
Pharmacological Characteristics Analysis of Two Molecular Structures
Authors: Zhao Bo , Wu Hualong
Published: March 2017

Each year a large number of new diseases were found worldwide, which requires the development of new drugs to cure these diseases. In this process, researchers need to do a lot of work to test the effectiveness of new drugs and side effects. Due to the intrinsic connection between the characteristics of compound and its molecular structure, methods of pharmaceutical theory are widely used in the analysis of the features of the drug. By calculating the chemical indices of drug molecular structure, scientists could learn the chemistry and pharmacy characteristics of the corresponding drugs. In this paper, from the theoretical perspective, we state the following conclusions: (1) the exact expression of generalized degree distance for starlike tree is determined; (2) the eccentricity related indices of hetrofunctional dendrimer are discussed. The results obtained have broad application prospects in the pharmaceutical sciences.