bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the Factors That Contribute to Tourists’ Overordering Behavior at Luxury Restaurants: Tourists, Service Staff, and Food Waste
Authors: Peng Norman , Chen Annie
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this research is to examine tourists’ overordering behavior at luxury restaurants because more than a third of restaurants’ food waste is associated with customers being unable to finish their food. In addition, this behavior can have negative implications
for consumers’ health. A total of 410 participants completed surveys that indicated how status consumption and the need for uniqueness can contribute to consumers’ overordering attitude, which in turn can affect their overordering behavior. Furthermore, their attitude???s influence
on their overordering behavior is lower for consumers who are highly conscious of their health than for those who are less conscious of their health. However, through advice giving, service staff can reduce diners’ overordering behavior. Based on the findings, luxury restaurants that
are popular among tourists might want to consider developing more tasting menus and providing further training to their staff to enhance tourists’ dining experiences by helping them order a suitable number of dishes.
Effect of Technological Innovations on Restaurant Sustainability in Nairobi County, Kenya
Authors: Gikonyo Rita Kathomi , Mwenda Lilian Karimi Mugambi , Wachira Anita Wanjugu
Published: February 2024

The hospitality industry, which is defined by social interaction and gathering, was seriously threatened by the coronavirus disease 2019. The pandemic exacerbated risk in several ways, putting sustainability as a critical objective at a crossroads. The management of restaurants needed to reorganise and innovate to survive and thrive during and after the pandemic. Technological innovations created opportunities to lower health hazards for guests and staff while maintaining operations in an unpredictable business environment. A review of the literature revealed a paucity of technological innovations and sustainability in restaurants in Nairobi County. The study sought to evaluate the effects of technological innovations and the sustainability of restaurants in Nairobi County, Kenya. Schumpeter’s theory of innovation served as the study's theoretical foundation. To explain the relationships between technological innovation and sustainability, the study employed a descriptive research design with Likert scale ratings. A census of restaurant managers from the 81 full-service restaurants housed in 54 classified hotels in Nairobi County was the unit of observation. Using self-administered questionnaires, the studies obtained a 70 per cent response rate (57 responses). SPSS version 25 was used to analyse the data and findings presented using descriptive and inferential statistics. Restaurants used innovations in technology to mitigate dangers as well as to improve cleanliness and sanitation. The relationship between technological innovations and sustainability was positive, moderate, and significant at the p = 0.05 level of significance; the Pearson correlation value was r = 0.473. Furthermore, the adjusted correlation coefficient (R2) indicated that technological innovations predict 21% of the variance in sustainability. Restaurant sustainability increased moderately due to technological innovations. As a result, the study recommends that the Ministry of Tourism and Wildlife prioritise hospitality technologies to increase restaurant sustainability. Restaurant management should promote technological innovation, acquisition, and training. Finally, academia should lead the discourse about the implementation and spread of technological innovation
Picturebook sebagai Edukasi Pentingnya Tidur bagi Anak Jenjang Membaca Dini
Authors: Nadia Catherine , Rarasati RR Annisa
Published: February 2024

Selain bagi orang dewasa, tidur juga menjadi kebutuhan yang wajib terpenuhi oleh anak-anak. Kekurangan tidur pada anak dapat mengakibatkan dampak negatif yang mampu mempengaruhi kualitas hidup seorang anak hingga usia dewasa. Maka dari itu, disusun sebuah media berupa picture book yang memiliki daya untuk mempengaruhi pikiran pembaca dalam menjembatani pesan dalam bentuk teks dan visual bagi anak-anak. Perancangan picture book yang disasarkan terhadap anak berusia 7 tahun menampilkan 16 halaman berilustrasi dengan metode digital painting yang memadukan dua level komunikasi; verbal dan visual, untuk memberikan edukasi kepada anak mengenai pentingnya tidur.
Reliability Assessment of Power System based on Load Flow Analysis of the IEEE 57 Bus used in Micro Grid Applications
Authors: Chary G. Veera Bhadra , Katuri Raghavaiah , Rosalina K. Mercy
Published: February 2024

The complex power system consists of more interconnections; therefore, modelling such a type of network is a very difficult task in the commercialization area cycle. MATPOWER has all steady-state power system models, which are extensively used in academic research for power flow (PF) modeling. The PF architecture designed in this is extensible; it is easy to add or modify variables and constraints in the standard case structure. This paper presents the details of the mathematically scaled loads in IEEE 57 bus power system network modelling by using the standard test case data. Internally, all the bus voltages are expressed in p.u., and phase angles are expressed in radians, but the generators and loads are expressed in terms of power ratings. The scaling of these is defined based on the scaled voltage of the corresponding bus voltage. The scaling load procedure used in this paper is very useful for designing a low-voltage power system network for practical analysis purposes. Two simulations are performed in this paper for the analysis of the actual load flow (ALF) and scaled load flow (SLF) power system models. The voltage, phase angle, and power flow through the lines are compared to analyze the accuracy of both simulations. When compared with ALF, it has shown good accuracy, computational efficiency, and convergence properties.
Compulsory Treatment of Persons Who Have Committed a Socially Dangerous Act in a State of Mental Disorder or Who Have Fallen Ill After Such an Аct: Historical Aspect
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice, Moscow, Russia, Antonov Yurij I.
Published: February 2024

Introduction. The object of the study is the legal relationship on the establishment of state compulsory medical treatment for persons with mental disorders who have committed socially dangerous acts established in the monuments of Russian criminal law (1649–1960). Methods. In this study, the historical method was used accordingly. The comparative legal method was also used, which made it possible to draw the main conclusion – about the evolutionary (smooth, not abrupt) state regulation of these legal relations. The application of the theological method led to the conclusion that until the beginning of the XIXth century, these persons who had not committed serious socially dangerous acts were kept either by relatives or in monasteries, being essentially outcasts. Results. One of the main conclusions was the conclusion that it is necessary to return to the list of socially dangerous acts committed by persons in a state of insanity or by persons who became insane after committing such an act, as the basis for applying compulsory medical measures to such a person. Discussion and Conclusion. In this study, the author came to the following conclusions: 1) state compulsory measures against persons with mental disorders were first officially enshrined in the Cathedral Code of 1649: they represented control over the independent healing of a sick person for his subsequent responsibility in court; 2) state compulsory measures for persons with mental disorders in the form of premises: in the monastery were provided in 1715 by the Military Article, in the orders of public charity in 1775, in special homes of the insane in 1845 by the Code of Criminal and Correctional Punishments; 3) state compulsory measures against persons with mental disorders in the form of compulsory treatment of such persons were first provided for in 1922 by the Criminal Code of the RSFSR. At the same time the basis for the application of such measures narrowed: if before the RSFSR Criminal Code of 1922, such a basis (in addition to the crime committed by him) was the danger of such a person (both for himself and for society), then since 1922 such the basis (in addition to the crime committed) began to recognize the danger of such a person only to society. This state of affairs existed normatively until the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in 1996. The statement of this fact refuted the hypothesis of an evolutionary improvement in the attitude towards persons with mental disorders according to the monuments of Russian law. This research can be used in the study of the historical development of the types of state compulsory measures on the treatment of persons with mental disorders (who committed or fell ill after a socially dangerous act), and for determination of the grounds for the application of each of them.
Nanocarrier systems loaded with IR780, iron oxide nanoparticles and chlorambucil for cancer theragnostics
Authors: Dang-Luong Phuong-Thao , Nguyen Hong-Phuc , Le-Tuan Loc , Cao Xuan-Thang , Tran-Anh Vy , Quang Hieu Vu
Published: February 2024

Theragnostics has become a popular term nowadays, since it enables both diagnosis and therapy at the same time while only using one carrier platform. Therefore, formulating a nanocarrier system that could serve as theragnostic agent by using simple techniques would be an advantage during production. In this project, we aimed to develop a nanocarrier that can be loaded with the chemotherapeutic medication chlorambucil and magnetic resonance imaging agents (e.g., iron oxide nanoparticles and near-infrared fluorophore IR780) for theragnostics. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) was combined with the aforementioned ingredients to generate poly(vinyl alcohol)-based nanoparticles (NPs) using the single emulsion technique. Then the NPs were coated with F127 and F127-folate by simple incubation for five days. The nanoparticles have the hydrodynamic size of approx. 250 nm with negative charge. Similar to chlorambucil and IR780, iron oxide loadings were observed for all three kinds of NPs. The release of chlorambucil was quicker at pH 5.4 than at pH 7.4 at 37 °C. The F127@NPs and F127-folate@NPs demonstrated much greater cell uptake and toxicity up to 72 h after incubation. Our in vitro results of F127@NPs and F127-folate@NPs have demonstrated the ability of these systems to serve as medication and imaging agent carriers for cancer treatment and diagnostics, respectively.
Generality, genericity and subjective predicates: What propositional attitude verbs, alien viruses, and COVID can tell us
Authors: Kaiser Elsi , Hsu Haley
Published: February 2024

In uttering a subjective opinion like Donuts are tasty, is a speaker expressing her own opinion or also making a generalization about people-in-general? While researchers largely agree that generic readings of subjective predicates exist, there is no consensus on how central genericity is for theories of subjective meaning. We report a psycholinguistic study that tests what influences the level of prevalence that comprehenders attribute to opinions, expressed with subjective predicates, about unfamiliar information. Specifically, if you overhear an alien expressing an opinion about an unfamiliar virus (e.g. The zorgavirus is dangerous), how many other aliens do you think share this alien's opinion? We find that the perceived generalizability of subjective predicates is modulated by the presence/absence of embedding under propositional attitude verbs (whether the speaker is explicitly mentioned with I think/consider) and by participants' extra-linguistic attitudes, namely their anxiety levels about COVID. This work uncovers a new link between subjective predicates and humans’ egocentric cognitive biases.
Skiljeförfarande och rättegång
Authors: Bolding Per Olof
Published: February 2024

Beskrivning saknas.
Två rättegångar
Authors: Bolding Per Olof
Published: February 2024

Beskrivning saknas.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome following the use of phenytoin: A case report
Authors:   Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran, Irani Morvarid , Eshghi Shaghayegh ,   Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran, Feizabadi Atefeh Shirinzadeh ,   Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran, Ghodrati-Torbati Abbas ,   Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
Published: February 2024

Background. This paper reports a case where the patient developed Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) following the use of phenytoin. Case description. The case was an 85-year-old male admitted to the 9-Dey Hospital in Torbat-Heydariyeh city, Iran, with a diagnosis of cardiovascular accident (CVA). On Day 2 of hospitalization, phenytoin medication was started to control the patient’s seizures. On Day 10, the patient developed a 39.2°C fever and also a generalized rash starting from the upper limbs and spreading to the whole body. The dermatologist diagnosed SJS and recommended replacing phenytoin with an alternative drug for seizure control. From Day 15 onwards, his rashes started to decrease and almost entirely disappeared a week later. Conclusion. Considering the range and severity of the adverse effects of SJS, physicians need to be familiar with the symptoms of these reactions so that the drug can be replaced as soon as such symptoms emerge.
Assessment of normal renal size in healthy individuals in Pakistan and its influencing factors: A cross-sectional study
Authors:   Department of Nephrology, NIKUD Research Hospital, Kidney Foundation, Karachi, Pakistan, Kazmi Syed Muhammad Kashif , Hashmi Adnan ,   Department of Radiology, NIKUD Research Hospital, Kidney Foundation, Karachi, Pakistan, Umm-e-Rabab  ,   Department of Community Medicine, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan, Khan Najiya Amanat ,   Department of Medicine, NIKUD Research Hospital, Kidney Foundation, Karachi, Pakistan, Shaikh Misbah Fatima ,   Department of Nephrology, NIKUD Research Hospital, Kidney Foundation, Karachi, Pakistan, Kanwal Finza ,   Department of Medicine, NIKUD Research Hospital, Kidney Foundation, Karachi, Pakistan, Oonwala Zakiuddin G. ,   Department of Anatomy, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan, Jaffery Inshal ,   Department of Anatomy, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan, Sadruddin Sehar Gul ,   Department of Nephrology, NIKUD Research Hospital, Kidney Foundation, Karachi, Pakistan
Published: February 2024

Background and objectives. In order to address the need to establish normative benchmark of kidney size in healthy population of Pakistan, this study aimed to assess and quantify the renal sizes in healthy individuals within the Pakistani population using ultrasound imaging. Secondary objectives included examining age-related variations, gender-specific differences, and the correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and kidney measurements. Materials and methods. A five-year retrospective investigation of 509 patients undergoing non-renal abdominal ultrasounds at NIKUD Research Hospital employed strict participant criteria, excluding those with diabetes, hypertension, abnormal eGFR, or urinalysis. Ultrasound data was collected from medical record of patients aged 18-80 years without a history or ongoing renal disease, excluding any conditions impacting renal size. Results. In 480 participants meeting stringent health criteria, the right kidney measured 10.45 ± 0.97 cm, and the left kidney measured 10.64 ± 0.95 cm. Age-related variations included increasing renal length until the fifth decade, followed by decline. Gender-specific differences, though statistically non-significant, suggested slightly larger renal sizes in females. A positive BMI and renal length relationship indicated increased sizes in obese individuals. Conclusions. This study establishes renal size benchmarks in a healthy Pakistani population, highlighting demographic factors' role in assessments. Variations across age, gender, and BMI underscore the need for population-specific norms in clinical evaluations.
Metastatic spinal lymphoma: A case report
Authors:   School of Medicine, Duta Wacana Christian University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Pinzon Rizaldy Taslim ,   Department of Neurology, Bethesda Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Latumahina Patrick Kurniawan ,   School of Medicine, Duta Wacana Christian University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: February 2024

Background. Metastatic spinal lymphoma is a rare case, especially with the initial clinical manifestation of back pain, which only occurs in less than 5% of patients. We report a case of an adult male with low back pain that was found to be metastatic spinal lymphoma, and this study is the first to report a case of metastatic spinal lymphoma with initial complaints of back pain. Case presentation. A 66-year-old male presented with progressive lower extremity weakness since 2 weeks. The initial complaint was back pain since 2 months before admission. The patient had no history of previous trauma, history of hypertension, diabetes, or heart disease was also denied. The patient admitted that there was a weight loss in the last 2-3 months Radiologic examination of the lumbar spinal MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) without contrast was performed and showed an impression of bone metastasis at the corpus VL (lumbar vertebrae) 1-5, and paraspinal musculospasm Conclusion. We report rare case of metastatic spinal lymphoma, spinal lymphoma should be considered and monitored for non-specific clinical findings that resemble other possible causes.
Coordination Tool for Overcurrent and Earth-Fault Relays at A 33/11 KV Power Distribution Substation in Basrah City
Authors: Kadhem Basim , Yaseen Nashaat , Hardan Sumer , Rashid Mofeed
Published: February 2024

The coordination of overcurrent relay protection in the power framework is crucial for preserving electrical distribution systems. It ensures that both primary and backup protection are provided to the system. It is essential to maintain a minimal level of coordination between these relays in order to reduce the overall running time and guarantee that power outages and damage are kept to a minimum under fault conditions. Proper coordination between the primary and back-up relays can minimize the operation duration of overcurrent with instantaneous and earth fault relays by selecting the optimum TMS (Time Multiplier Setting) and PS (Plug Setting). The present study investigates the difficulty associated with determining the TMS and PS values of earth-fault and overcurrent relays at the 33/11 kV power distribution substation in Basra using the instantaneous setting element. Overcurrent and earth fault relays were simulated in two scenarios: one with a time delay setting and one with an immediate setting. This procedure was carried out to generate Time Current Characteristics (TCC) curves for each Circuit Breaker (CB) relay took place in the Nathran substation, which has a capacity of 2×31.5 MVA and operates at a voltage level of 33/11 kV. The substation is a part of the Basrah distribution network. The short circuit current is estimated at each circuit breaker (CB), followed by the simulation of protection coordination for the Nathran substation using the DIgSILENT Power Factory software. This research is based on real data collection, and the setting considers the short-circuit current at the farthest point of the longest feeders. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed coordination scheme, which reduced trip operation time by 20% compared to the presented case study while maintaining coordination between primary and backup protection.
Impacted Inverted Supernumerary Tooth with Regional Odontodysplasia : A Rare Case Report
Authors:   Oral Medicine and Radiology, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Virajpet, Karnataka, India, Biju Ashna​ , Kavitha A P , Krupashankar . , Megha D B
Published: February 2024

Regional Odontodysplasia (RO) is a rare developmental disturbance of the teeth affecting the structure of the teeth. The etiology of RO is largely unknown however it is known to consist both the mesodermal and the ectodermal components. The occurrence of RO is twice common in the maxilla than in the mandible. RO most often is known to involve the maxillary central and lateral incisors. The prevalence of RO is rare thus available literature regarding the site and gender predilection, clinical manifestations and radiographic features is limited. Therefore, this case report is presented to provides an overview of the radiographic features of RO Keywords: Ghost teeth, CBCT, Regional odontodysplasia
Power of Amplified Light Against Chromogenic Bacterial Stains - A Case Report
Authors:   Post graduate student, Department of Periodontology, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Virajpet, Coorg, Karnataka, India, Menon Gayathry S , Walvekar Amit K , Radhika B , Uthappa K B , Golla Sujitha S
Published: February 2024

The treatment of black stains has always been a grey area for the dentists to deal with due to its recurrence. The more effective treatments in current literature are lactoferrin, diode laser, laser Nd:YAG and phototherapy. An attempt was made to remove the stain using low level laser therapy with the similar principle of lethal laser photosensitization and photodynamic therapy without the use of any dye. Our study showed a positive result with the reduction of black stains over a period of 1 year. Hence, the use of LLLT could be considered as one of the adjunct treatment modality for chromogenic bacterial stains. Keywords: Black stains, Biostimulation, Chromogenic bacterial stains, Diode laser, Low level laser therapy
Evaluation of Different Local Drug Delivery Systems in Treatment of Periodontitis: An Institutional Study
Authors:   Private Practitioner, Consultant Periodontist and Implantologist, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, Aditya Vangara , Vandana Kharidhi Laxman
Published: February 2024

Periodontal disease can be treated in both non-surgical and surgical therapy. There could be a possible reason why non-surgical therapy causes failure due to bacteria virulent factors and also the depth of periodontal pocket is greater than the instrumentation available, drug concentration is low in GCF as well as in saliva. To overcome this problem a treatment protocol that would include short-term usage of systemic and or local antimicrobial agents is being tried as an adjunct to mechanical therapy in treatment of periodontal diseases. A total of 540 sites, from 72 patients in different quadrants of the mouth received these treatment modalities in assigned quadrants such as scaling and root planning using both hand and ultrasonic instruments under local anesthesia (if required), combination therapy and local drug delivery alone. Patients with periodontal diseased sites were divided into five groups, based on the local drug delivery system, as Group I: Elyzol (25% Metronidazole), Group II: Dentomycin (2% Minocycline hydrochloride), Group III: Metrogene (5% Metronidazole), Group IV: Periochip (2.5mg of Chlorhexidine gluconate) and Group V: Atridox (10% Doxycycline hyclate). In the present study, the bleeding index score showed better reduction, for all LDD systems. The results showed that SRP alone, and LDD alone had shown no significance in overall reduction of pocket depth where clinical parameters (Plaque Index, Gingival Bleeding Index and Gingival Index). Although the combined treatment of scaling and root planing plus the local drug therapy reported to have a significant benefit over SRP alone in the treatment of periodontal lesions. Keywords: Anti-Bacterial Agents, Metronidazole, Minocycline, Doxycycline, Chlorhexidine, Local Drug Delivery Systems, Humans, Periodontitis, Periodontal Pocket, Root Planing
Insights into the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on postgraduate students at a university of technology
Authors: Bhagwan Raisuyah
Published: February 2024

The objective of this study was to ascertain the impact and effects of Covid-19 on postgraduate students at a university of technology. A qualitative exploratory research approach was used to guide the study, and semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with postgraduate students (N=10) from the Faculty of Health Sciences. Analysis of the study results indicated that postgraduate students encountered numerous challenges and issues that affected their mental health negatively and hindered their holistic academic experience. Findings of the study suggest that the institution should implement concerted efforts to assist students with psychological, social, and financial support that would reduce the adversity experienced through the Covid-19 pandemic.
‘Sometimes I wonder if our best really is our best’: Tutor reflections on the challenges of shifting to online tutoring during the pandemic
Authors: Van Heerden Martina , Bharuthram Sharita
Published: February 2024

Tutors play an important role in higher education, as they may facilitate learning, promote engagement, and assist with student success. Students also often feel more comfortable seeking assistance from them than from lecturers. Yet, tutors tend to be sidelined in the literature on teaching and learning, including during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper is framed by an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach and seeks to understand how three tutors in an online academic literacy module experienced the shift to online learning. Data, in the form of personal reflections, were collected online and analysed thematically. It was found that the tutors experienced the shift negatively and they raised practical concerns, as well as interpersonal ones. Implications for tutor training are discussed.
Exploring collaborative strategies used by school management teams to sustain parental involvement in Xhariep District schools
Authors: Sesinyi Thabo Walter , Gcelu Ntombizandile
Published: February 2024

The annual analysis of schools’ results shows that Xhariep District still has many underperforming schools at the primary level, requiring continuous intervention from the Free State Department of Basic Education. This article explored collaborative strategies used by School Management Teams to sustain parental involvement in Xhariep District primary schools. The article is based on one of the authors' Masters dissertations. It is a qualitative research project that is based on the collaboration theory. After conducting a convenience sampling, 15 participants, including SMTs, teachers, and parents, were interviewed to determine their perception of parental involvement. The research used the inductive thematic analysis method, resulting in the identification of categories and trends and the interpretation of findings. The results of this study suggest that many societal issues contribute greatly to negative educational outcomes in the district. Most learners continue to become less interested in going to school, thus dropping out at the primary school level. The study also found that the contribution of parents to education is essential to ensuring a child's academic success, well-regulated school attendance, and acceptable levels of behaviour in and out of school. Therefore, the article recommends that parents be empowered and developed to have the necessary attributes essential to their participation and educational partnerships with schools.
Systemic reviews: Financing of higher education internationalisation
Authors: Liu Ti , Hassan Aminuddin , Mohd Anuar Mohd Ashraff Bin
Published: February 2024

The global higher education landscape has witnessed an increasing trend towards internationalisation in recent years; hence the demand for funding such endeavours has grown significantly. However, funding internationalisation efforts can be a challenging task for institutions. This review discusses various funding models for higher education internationalisation and the challenges posed by insufficient funding. This will be followed by a discussion on the following models:  government funding, private philanthropy, corporate sponsorship, and partnerships with foreign universities, the role of tuition fees in funding internationalisation, and the challenges posed. Ultimately, this paper will propose a framework for funding that is based on an analysis of successful internationalisation strategies from around the world and intends to guide various funding bodies on how to best allocate resources for this purpose. By implementing this framework, countries shall overcome financial constraints that limit the extent to which internationalisation can be pursued, while also ensuring that the benefits of such efforts are shared equitably across their populations. This paper also explores the challenges facing the higher education internationalisation and the hurdles present in the funding process. A successful example in China has been studied thoroughly. This paper argues that while there is no one-size-fits-all approach to funding internationalisation efforts, a diversified funding approach that leverages various funding models can help institutions overcome funding challenges and achieve their internationalisation goals.
Model Spectrum of Ultrahigh-energy Cosmic Rays Accelerated in FR-I Radio Galaxy Jets
Authors: Seo Jeongbhin , Ryu Dongsu , Kang Hyesung
Published: February 2024

Nearby radio galaxies (RGs) of Fanaroff–Riley Class I (FR-I) are considered possible sites for the production of observed ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). Among those, some exhibit blazar-like inner jets, while others display plume-like structures. We reproduce the flow dynamics of FR-I jets using relativistic hydrodynamic simulations. Subsequently, we track the transport and energization of cosmic ray (CR) particles within the simulated jet flows using Monte Carlo simulations. The key determinant of flow dynamics is the mean Lorentz factor of the jet-spine flow, 〈Γ〉spine. When 〈Γ〉spine ≳ 6, the jet spine remains almost unimpeded, but for 〈Γ〉spine ≲ 3, substantial jet deceleration occurs. CRs gain energy mainly through diffusive shock acceleration for E ≲ 1 EeV and shear acceleration for E ≳ 1 EeV. The time-asymptotic energy spectrum of CRs escaping from the jet can be modeled by a double power law, transitioning from ∼E
−0.6 to ∼E
−2.6 around a break energy, E
break, with an exponential cutoff at

E

break

〈
Γ

〉

spine

2

. E
break is limited either by the Hillas confinement condition or by particle escape from the cocoon via fast spatial diffusion. The spectral slopes primarily arise from multiple episodes of shock and relativistic shear acceleration, and the confinement–escape processes within the cocoon. The exponential cutoff is determined by nongradual shear acceleration that boosts the energy of high-energy CRs by a factor of

∼
〈
Γ

〉

spine

2

. We suggest that the model spectrum derived in this work could be employed to investigate the contribution of RGs to the observed population of UHECRs.
Tracing the Origins of Mass Segregation in M35: Evidence for Primordially Segregated Binaries
Authors: Motherway Erin , Geller Aaron M. , Childs Anna C. , Zwicker Claire , von Hippel Ted
Published: February 2024

M35 is a young open cluster and home to an extensive binary population. Using Gaia Data Release 3, Pan-STARRS, and Two Micron All Sky Survey photometry with the Bayesian statistical software, BASE-9, we derive precise cluster parameters, identify single and binary cluster members, and extract their masses. We identify 571 binaries down to Gaia G = 20.3 and a lower limit on the binary frequency of f

b
= 0.41 ± 0.02. We extend the binary demographics by many magnitudes faint-ward of previous (radial-velocity) studies of this cluster and further away from the cluster center (1.°78, roughly 10 core radii). We find the binary stars to be more centrally concentrated than the single stars in the cluster. Furthermore, we find strong evidence for mass segregation within the binary population itself, with progressively more-massive binary samples becoming more and more centrally concentrated. For the single stars, we find weaker evidence for mass segregation; only the most massive single stars (>2.5M
⊙) appear more centrally concentrated. Given the cluster age of ∼200 Myr, and our derived half-mass relaxation time for the cluster of 230 ± 84 Myr, we estimate ∼47% of the binary stars and ∼12% of single stars in the cluster have had time to become dynamically mass segregated. Importantly, when we investigate only stars with mass segregation timescales greater than the cluster age, we still find the binaries to be more centrally concentrated than the singles, suggesting the binaries may have formed with a primordially different spatial distribution from that of the single stars.
Delayed and Fast-rising Radio Flares from an Optical and X-Ray-detected Tidal Disruption Event in the Center of a Dwarf Galaxy
Authors: Zhang Fabao , Shu Xinwen , Yang Lei , Sun Luming , Zhang Zhumao , Wang Yibo , Mou Guobin , Zhang Xue-Guang , Zhou Tianyao , Peng Fangkun
Published: February 2024

AT 2018cqh is a unique tidal disruption event (TDE) discovered in a dwarf galaxy. Both the light-curve fitting and galaxy scaling relationships suggest a central black hole mass in the range of 5.9 < logM
BH/M
☉ < 6.4. The r-band peak luminosity is ∼ 1043 erg s−1, making AT 2018cqh relatively faint among known optical TDEs. A delayed X-ray brightening was found around 590 days after the optical discovery but shows an unusually long time rising to peak over at least 558 days, which could be coming from delayed accretion of a newly forming debris disk. We report the discovery of delayed radio flares around 1105 days since its discovery, characterized by an initial steep rise of ≳175 days, a flattening lasting about 544 days, and a phase with another steep rise. The rapid rise in radio flux coupled with the slow decay in the X-ray emission points to a delayed launching of outflow, perhaps due to a transition in the accretion state. However, known accretion models can hardly explain the origins of the secondary radio flare that is rising even more rapidly in comparison with the initial one. If confirmed, AT 2018cqh would be a rare faint TDE in a dwarf galaxy exhibiting optical, X-ray, and radio flares. We call for continued multifrequency radio observations to monitor its spectral and temporal evolution, which may help to reveal new physical processes that are not included in standard TDE models.
H i, FRB, What’s Your z: The First FRB Host Galaxy Redshift from Radio Observations
Authors: Glowacki M. , Bera A. , Lee-Waddell K. , Deller A. T. , Dial T. , Gourdji K. , Simha S. , Caleb M. , Marnoch L. , Prochaska J. Xavier , Ryder S. D. , Shannon R. M. , Tejos N.
Published: February 2024

Identification and follow-up observations of the host galaxies of fast radio bursts (FRBs) not only help us understand the environments in which the FRB progenitors reside, but also provide a unique way of probing the cosmological parameters using the dispersion measures (DMs) of FRBs and distances to their origin. A fundamental requirement is an accurate distance measurement to the FRB host galaxy, but for some sources viewed through the Galactic plane, optical/near-infrared spectroscopic redshifts are extremely difficult to obtain due to dust extinction. Here we report the first radio-based spectroscopic redshift measurement for an FRB host galaxy, through detection of its neutral hydrogen (H i) 21 cm emission using MeerKAT observations. We obtain an H i–based redshift of z = 0.0357 ± 0.0001 for the host galaxy of FRB 20230718A, an apparently nonrepeating FRB detected in the Commensal Real-time ASKAP Fast Transients survey and localized at a Galactic latitude of –0.°367. Our observations also reveal that the FRB host galaxy is interacting with a nearby companion, which is evident from the detection of an H i bridge connecting the two galaxies. A subsequent optical spectroscopic observation confirmed an FRB host galaxy redshift of 0.0359 ± 0.0004. This result demonstrates the value of H i to obtain redshifts of FRBs at low Galactic latitudes and redshifts. Such nearby FRBs whose DMs are dominated by the Milky Way can be used to characterize these components and thus better calibrate the remaining cosmological contribution to dispersion for more distant FRBs that provide a strong lever arm to examine the Macquart relation between cosmological DM and redshift.
Effects of Nonzero-frequency Fluctuations on Turbulence Spectral Observations
Authors: Zhao L.-L. , Zank G. P. , Li H.
Published: February 2024

In situ observations of turbulence spectra in space plasmas are usually interpreted as wavenumber spectra, assuming that the fluctuation frequency is negligible in the plasma flow frame. We explore the effects of nonzero frequency in the plasma flow frame on turbulence spectral observations. The finite frequency can be caused by either propagating waves or nonlinear broadening of nonpropagating structures. We show that the observed frequency spectrum can be modified by the nonzero frequency of turbulent fluctuations in several ways. Specifically, (i) frequency broadening results in a minor modification to the observed spectrum, primarily acting as a smoothing kernel of the spectrum near the spectral break, while the asymptotic spectral index remains unchanged; (ii) wave propagation can affect the observed spectral index for anisotropic turbulence. The effect is significant at low frequencies and weaker at high frequencies, leading to a “concave” shape of the observed perpendicular spectrum; (iii) the Doppler shift for forward- and backward-propagating Elsasser modes can result in a nonzero cross helicity for critical-balanced turbulence since the effect of the Doppler shift favors outward-propagating waves systematically, resulting in an observed imbalance. These results may have important implications for the interpretation of solar wind flows observed by Parker Solar Probe.
Hidden Companions to Intermediate-mass Stars. XV. Discovery of a 1.2M
⊙, 8.4 au Companion to the δ Scuti star HIP 41375 = 2 Hydrae*
Authors: Waisberg Idel , Klein Ygal , Katz Boaz
Published: February 2024

2 Hydrae is a nearby M
Aa = 1.66M
⊙
δ Scuti star with strong astrometric evidence for a close companion in addition to its known M

B
 = 0.20M
⊙ M dwarf companion at 530 au. Here we report on a VLTI/GRAVITY near-infrared interferometric observation that reveals the close companion to be a M
Ab = 1.18M
⊙ star at a projected separation ρ = 168 mas ↔ 8.4 au. This triple system is a potential progenitor for a double white dwarf binary under the dynamical influence of an outer M dwarf companion with a low enough hierarchy for potentially interesting dynamical effects.
Clues to the Origin of Jovian Outer Irregular Satellites from Reflectance Spectra
Authors: Vilas Faith , Hendrix Amanda R.
Published: February 2024

Visible/near-infrared narrowband spectroscopy (dispersion per element ∼ 6 Å) was obtained of the Jovian irregular satellites JVI Himalia, JVII Elara, JVIII Pasiphae, JIX Sinope, JX Lysithea, JXI Carme, JXII Ananke, and JXVII Callirrhoe in 2006, 2009, and 2010 using the MMT Observatory Red Channel spectrograph. These spectra sample three prograde (i = 28°), four retrograde (i = 149° and 165°), and one independent satellite. Our results suggest that the prograde cluster satellites represent fragments probing the cluster’s original parent body, with the largest satellite, Himalia, being the core of the parent body, while Elara preserves the geochemical/mineralogical transition between the core and an outer layer of the body, and Lysithea formed farther from the center of the parent body. The spectral signatures suggest that the prograde parent body fragmented in the early stages of aqueous alteration. This supports the change from more organic-rich material at Lysithea to more carbonized material at Himalia, consistent with weathering/processing of a carbon-bearing material at Himalia. At twice the distance from Jupiter, the retrograde cluster anchored by Pasiphae also suggests that Ananke preserves the transition between the core and an outer layer of a parent body. Both Sinope and Carme are similar to D-class asteroids. Bluing/flattening near 0.4–0.5 μm in Carme’s spectrum suggests a carbonized component to Carme’s surface material, consistent with greater levels of weathering/processing. Sinope’s red spectrum is consistent with broadband photometry and does not confirm or negate the proposal that it had a common parent body with the Pasiphae cluster.
Optical Constants of Ices Important to Planetary Science from Laboratory Reflectance Spectroscopy
Authors: Tegler S. C. , Grundy W. M. , Loeffler M. J. , Tribbett P. D. , Hanley J. , Jasko A. V. , Dawson H. , Morgan A. N. , Koga K. J. , Madden-Watson A. O. , Gomez M. D. , Steckloff J. K. , Lindberg G. E. , Tan S. P. , Raposa S. M. , Engle A. E. , Thieberger C. L. , Trilling D. E.
Published: February 2024

Laboratory-derived optical constants are essential for identifying ices and measuring their relative abundances on solar system objects. Almost all optical constants of ices important to planetary science come from experiments with transmission geometries. Here we describe our new experimental setup and the modification of an iterative algorithm in the literature to measure the optical constants of ices from experiments with reflectance geometries. We apply our techniques to CH4 ice and H2O ice samples and find good agreement between our values and those in the literature, except for one CH4 band in the literature that likely suffers from saturation. The work we present here demonstrates that labs with reflectance geometries can generate optical constants essential for the proper analysis of near- and mid-infrared spectra of outer solar system objects such as those obtained with the James Webb Space Telescope.
Spatial analysis of public attitudes towards domestic leisure tourism in Bulgaria
Authors: Raykova Marina , Naydenov Alexander
Published: February 2024

Tourism is a very important sector for the Bulgarian economy with its GDP share varying between 10 and 13% before the COVID-19 health crisis. In 2021 domestic tourism accounted for 89% of the personal travel expenditures of Bulgarians. The purpose of the present paper is to analyse public attitudes towards the domestic leisure tourism in Bulgaria and its spatial distribution at the NUTS-2 regions and the residence place type level. The data used in the research are from a national representative survey based on a two-staged random sample stratified by the Bulgarian districts and the residence place type (capital, district administrative centre, town and village). The methodology includes: literature review, descriptive analysis, spatial analysis, average values, building one- and two- dimensional frequency distributions, statistical hypothesis testing, etc. The indicators used in the paper are: practices for domestic leisure tourism, stay duration in domestic resorts, frequency of domestic leisure tourism, people not practicing domestic leisure tourism, domestic leisure tourism average satisfaction level. The obtained results show the differences between those indicators in NUTS-2 and residence place type level, as well as between summer and winter leisure tourism. The presented results are of particular importance, since some of these differences are significantly large.
Écriture du transfert, transfert d’écriture
Authors: Chabert Catherine
Published: February 2024

Écrire en tant qu’analyste, à partir du transfert, mobilise une matière psychique hybride, composite : entre-deux . Cet entre-deux, susceptible d’être médiatisé par la lecture, mobilise un intime de la cure. L’écriture offre ainsi à l’analyste un espace pour penser : un espace pour recommencer et enrichir la méthode et la métapsychologie, pour soi et pour les autres analystes
Résistance initiale du consommateur aux technologies autonomes de l’Intelligence Artificielle Médicale : une approche par les préoccupations liées à la santé
Authors: Mani Zied , Chouk Inès
Published: February 2024

• Objectif Le succès des technologies autonomes de l’intelligence artificielle médicale (IAM) est tributaire de la compréhension des mécanismes qui freinent leur acceptabilité par les utilisateurs potentiels. Toutefois, il existe relativement peu d’études ayant adopté une perspective de résistance à l’innovation pour étudier les réactions initiales à ces technologies. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’examiner l’impact de trois types de préoccupations de santé sur la résistance initiale des consommateurs : les préoccupations de santé liées à l’individu, les préoccupations de santé liées à la technologie et les préoccupations de santé liées au contexte. • Méthodologie Une étude quantitative auprès d’un échantillon représentatif de la population française (N= 245) a été mise en place. Les données ont été collectées via un questionnaire en ligne et analysées via la méthode des équations structurelles (AMOS). • Résultats Un modèle multi-niveaux de facteurs de résistance initiale aux technologies autonomes de l’IAM a été testé et validé. Selon ce modèle, cette résistance des consommateurs est influencée par (1) la négligence perçue de l’unicité du patient, (2) le risque de santé perçu lié à la technologie et (3) les préoccupations perçues liées à la responsabilité. Les résultats mettent aussi en évidence le rôle des assurances structurelles dans l’atténuation de (1) la résistance des consommateurs aux technologies autonomes de l’IAM et (2) des préoccupations perçues liées à la responsabilité. • Implications managériales Le développement des technologies autonomes de l’IAM devrait s’appuyer sur un modèle de R&D collaboratif intégrant toutes les parties prenantes concernées : personnel médical, développeurs, acteurs institutionnels, patients, etc. Plus spécifiquement, les organisations de santé désireuses de proposer des consultations via les technologies autonomes de l’IAM pourraient afficher des labels garantissant aux patients une utilisation éthique et responsable de ces technologies. De plus, les concepteurs de ces technologies ont intérêt à développer des offres combinant l’IAM et les objets connectés pour améliorer les parcours de soins des patients. • Originalité L’originalité de cette recherche est triple : 1) Étudier la réaction initiale des consommateurs à une innovation technologique en phase d’acceptabilité. 2) Développer et tester un modèle multi-niveaux des facteurs de résistance initiale des consommateurs dans une perspective de santé. 3) Identifier un nouveau type de facteurs de résistance à l’innovation technologique : facteurs liés au contexte organisationnel et réglementaire.
Port-Royal au prisme de l’écologie et de l’histoire environnementale. Entre jansénisme, primitivisme et naturalisme augustinien
Authors: Hilaire Sylvain
Published: February 2024

Le corpus port-royaliste et janséniste constitue un terrain d’étude privilégié pour explorer l’expression d’une forme latente de questionnement écologique et environnemental au sein de l’épistémè classique, en particulier à partir de ses influences culturelles augustiniennes, monastique et primitiviste. Une exploration qui s’intéresse en premier lieu à l’expression théologique d’une « nature augustinienne » et de ses tendances naturalistes, en lien avec un primitivisme monastique fondé sur la notion de « désert », comme modèle de sauvageté et de naturalité classique.