bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teaching Media Law in a Post-truth Context: Strategies for Enhancing Learning about the Legal Risks of Fake News and Alternative Facts
Authors: Pearson Mark
Published: May 2017

Much has been written about the ethics of so-called ‘fake news’ and ‘alternative’ facts in a ‘post-truth’ era, but few have explored the legal implications of these and the flow-on to education in media law. This article suggests that there are clear legal risks for journalists adopting the hallmark practices of ‘fake news’—particularly in linking identifiable individuals to reputationally damaging falsities (defamation) and in making misleading or deceptive claims in the course of business (consumer law). Whether or not such an ethically dubious practice is actionable will depend on a host of factors including the strength of publishing defences, the availability of legal advice and the jurisdictional reach of any legal suit. This article suggests that a problem-based approach—including recent examples and classical media law principles—might encourage a ‘mindful’ (reflective) practice when assessing media law risks in the news room.
Imagination as Method
Authors: Hayes Michael Thomas , Sameshima Pauline , Watson Francene
Published: May 2017

In the article the authors argue for the imagination as a central method in ethnography employed to create a more abundant, just, and connected planet. Imagination is the creative energy that links conscious with the generation of the world of material experience. Through imagination the ethnographer becomes immersed in a space of play in which the world can be imagined as something not yet or in emergence, rather than as it is. Our hope is that by employing imagination in this way, ethnography can be focused to generating new possibilities for life on the planet.
Theorizing Transformative Constitutional Change and the Experience of Latin American Constitutionalism
Authors: Gibbs Alun
Published: May 2017

Latin America is a region which has experienced profound constitutional change; from the brutality of dictatorial and authoritarian political regimes during the 1960s and 1970s to the transition towards new constitutional settlements starting in the mid-1980s. All the while the region has continued to confront deep-seated social and economic legacies of extreme inequality and the accompanying problems of repression and violence. This article seeks to develop a philosophical perspective on these matters and argues that instances of significant change requires further attention to be paid to how transformation of the experience and meaning of constitutionalism unfolds. Pursuing these questions necessitates, it will be argued, recourse to critical or non-foundational political philosophy and a consideration of “the political” to understand the experience and meaning of transformative change. Engagement with “the political” dimensions holds implications for institutional roles, requiring dialogue about the meaning and experience of constitutional change.
The clear conscience of the controversial sector marketer: A neutralization theory approach
Authors: Sachet-Milliat Anne , Baïada-Hirèche Loréa , Bourcier-Béquaert Bénédicte
Published: May 2017

The aim of this article is to study neutralization techniques used by marketing practitioners to justify unethical pro-organizational behavior. We analyze the narratives of 17 practitioners in two controversial sectors (alcohol and tobacco). In total, three sets of arguments are used: moralization of professional activity through the virtuous organization, denial of responsibility due to over-restrictive legislation, and economic rationalization.
Therapy-related myelofibrosis does not appear to exist
Authors: Masarova Lucia , Todisco Gabriele , Manshouri Taghi , Newberry Kate J. , Cortes Jorge E. , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Estrov Zeev , Verstovsek Srdan
Published: May 2017

Key Points

There is no evidence to support the existence of therapy-related myelofibrosis. Therapy for previous malignancy has no impact on myelofibrosis prognosis.
Frontline Science: Functionally impaired geriatric CAR-T cells rescued by increased α5β1 integrin expression
Authors: Guha Prajna , Cunetta Marissa , Somasundar Ponnandai , Espat N Joseph , Junghans Richard P , Katz Steven C
Published: May 2017

Chimeric antigen receptor expressing T cells (CAR-T) are a promising form of immunotherapy, but the influence of age-related immune changes on CAR-T production remains poorly understood. We showed that CAR-T cells from geriatric donors (gCAR-T) are functionally impaired relative to CAR-T from younger donors (yCAR-T). Higher transduction efficiencies and improved cell expansion were observed in yCAR-T cells compared with gCAR-T. yCAR-T demonstrated significantly increased levels of proliferation and signaling activation of phosphorylated (p)Erk, pAkt, pStat3, and pStat5. Furthermore, yCAR-T contained higher proportions of CD4 and CD8 effector memory (EM) cells, which are known to have enhanced cytolytic capabilities. Accordingly, yCAR-T demonstrated higher levels of tumor antigen-specific cytotoxicity compared with gCAR-T. Enhanced tumor killing by yCAR-T correlated with increased levels of perforin and granzyme B. yCAR-T had increased α5β1 integrin expression, a known mediator of retroviral transduction. We found that treatment with M-CSF or TGF-β1 rescued the impaired transduction efficiency of the gCAR-T by increasing the α5β1 integrin expression. Neutralization of α5β1 confirmed that this integrin was indispensable for CAR expression. Our study suggests that the increase of α5β1 integrin expression levels enhances CAR expression and thereby improves tumor killing by gCAR-T.
Dangerous Dependence or Productive Masculinity?
Authors: Findlay Eileen J.
Published: May 2017

This article analyzes the varying representations of Puerto Ricans that circulated in the US popular press during and immediately after World War II. I historicize these discourses to show how in different contexts, even in the same historical moment, US understandings of Puerto Ricans could shift dramatically. Throughout, US discussions of Puerto Ricans fell back on well-worn tropes of gender, the family, and domesticity (or lack thereof). Such portrayals could engender distrust of Puerto Ricans or could express sympathetic political solidarity with them. The article explores media treatments of Puerto Ricans in New York City and rural Michigan. It also shows how postwar discussions of Puerto Ricans differed from denunciations of earlier European immigrants, who by now had consolidated their position as socially white. Finally, it demonstrates how gendered notions of respectability could privilege Puerto Ricans vis-à-vis Mexican American agricultural migrants in rural Michigan.
The Golgi matrix protein giantin is required for normal cilia function in zebrafish
Authors: Bergen Dylan J. M. , Stevenson Nicola L. , Skinner Roderick E. H. , Stephens David J. , Hammond Christina L.
Published: May 2017

The Golgi is essential for glycosylation of newly synthesised proteins including almost all cell-surface and extracellular matrix proteoglycans. Giantin, encoded by the golgb1 gene, is a member of the golgin family of proteins that reside within the Golgi stack but its function remains elusive. Loss-of-function of giantin in rats causes osteochondrodysplasia; knockout mice show milder defects, notably a cleft palate. In vitro, giantin has been implicated in Golgi organisation, biosynthetic trafficking, and ciliogenesis. Here we show that loss-of-function of giantin in zebrafish, using either morpholino or knockout techniques, causes defects in cilia function. Giantin morphants have fewer cilia in the neural tube and those remaining are longer. Mutants have the same number of cilia in the neural tube but these cilia are also elongated. Scanning electron microscopy shows that loss of giantin results in an accumulation of material at the ciliary tip, consistent with a loss-of-function of retrograde intraflagellar transport. Mutants show milder defects than morphants consistent with adaptation to loss of giantin.
A Tripeptidyl peptidase 1 is a binding partner of GPHR (Golgi pH regulator) in Dictyostelium
Authors: Stumpf Maria , Müller Rolf , Gaßen Berthold , Wehrstedt Regina , Fey Petra , Karow Malte A. , Eichinger Ludwig , Glöckner Gernot , Noegel Angelika A.
Published: May 2017

Mutations in tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1) have been associated with late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL2), a neurodegenerative disorder. TPP1 is a lysosomal serine protease, which removes tripeptides from the amino terminus of proteins and is composed of an N-terminal prodomain and a catalytic domain. It is conserved in mammals, amphibians, fish and the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. D. discoideum harbors at least six genes encoding tripeptidyl peptidase 1, tpp1A to tpp1F. We identified TPP1F as binding partner of Dictyostelium GPHR (Golgi pH regulator), which is an evolutionary highly conserved intracellular transmembrane protein. For the interaction, a region encompassing the DUF3735 (GPHR_N) domain of GPHR was responsible. In TPP1F the binding site was located in the prodomain. The Tpp1F gene is transcribed throughout development and translated into a polypeptide of approximately 65 kDa. TPP1 activity was demonstrated for TPP1F-GFP immunoprecipitated from D. discoideum cells. Its activity could be inhibited by addition of the recombinant DUF3735 domain of GPHR. Knockout tpp1F mutants did not display a particular phenotype and TPP1 activity was not abrogated, which is presumably due to expression of Tpp1B showing the highest expression levels of all Tpp1 genes during growth. The GPHR interaction was not restricted to TPP1F but occurred also with TPP1B. Based on previous reports showing that the majority of the TPP1 mutations in NCL2 resulted in reduction or loss of enzyme activity, our findings may help to create new reagents with which one can affect the activity of the protein and ameliorate the disease.
Behavioral color vision in a cichlid fish: Metriaclima benetos
Authors: Escobar-Camacho Daniel , Marshall Justin , Carleton Karen L.
Published: May 2017

Color vision is the capacity of discriminating color regardless of brightness. It is essential for many fish species as they rely on color discrimination for numerous ecological tasks. The study of color vision is important because it can unveil the mechanisms that shape coloration patterns, visual system sensitivities and hence, visual signals. In order to understand better the mechanisms underlying color vision an integrative approach is necessary. This usually requires combining behavioral, physiological, and genetic experiments with quantitative modeling, resulting in a distinctive characterization of the visual system.

Here we provide new data on the color vision of a rockdwelling cichlid from Lake Malawi: Metriaclima benetos. For this study we used a behavioral approach to demonstrate color vision through classical conditioning, complimented with modeling of color vision to estimate color contrast. For our experiments we took into account opsin coexpression and considered whether cichlids exhibit a dichromatic or a trichromatic visual system.

Behavioral experiments confirmed color vision in M. benetos; most fish were significantly more likely to choose the trained over the distracter stimuli, irrespective of brightness. Our results are supported by visual modeling which suggests that cichlids are trichromats and achieve color vision through color opponency mechanisms, which are a result of three different photoreceptor channels. Our analyses also suggest that opsin coexpression can negatively affect perceived color contrast. This study is particularly relevant for research on the cichlid lineage because cichlid visual capabilities and coloration patterns are implicated in their adaptive radiation.
Palliative care professionals' care and compassion for self and others: a narrative review
Authors: Mills Jason , Wand Timothy , Fraser Jennifer A
Published: May 2017

Introduction:

Compassion is arguably central to palliative care. However, calls for the restoring of compassionate care suggest a need for greater understanding and promotion of compassion in practice. Drawing upon the Foucauldian concept ‘Care of the Self’, this review explored the literature relating to palliative care professionals' self-care, self-compassion, and compassion for others.

Methods:

Three electronic databases were searched using identified key words. A thematic approach was used to synthesise and critically discuss the literature in the form of a narrative review.

Results:

Four themes were identified: (1) importance of self-care; (2) awareness, expression, and planning; (3) dimensions of self-care; and (4) balanced compassion. Approaches to self-care practice and research focused mainly on compassion fatigue or a coping paradigm.

Conclusions:

This review highlights both the importance and multifaceted nature of palliative care professionals' self-care, in relation to self-compassion and compassion for others. Despite widespread discussion, empirical knowledge of these variables is limited. Future research could usefully explore health promotion interventions in self-care practice, or a positive psychology paradigm that encompasses compassion and self-compassion as positive emotions associated with wellbeing.
Family experiences of the transition to palliative care in aged residential care (ARC): a qualitative study
Authors: Frey Rosemary , Foster Susan , Boyd Michal , Robinson Jackie , Gott Merryn
Published: May 2017

Purpose:

To address a gap in the literature by exploring bereaved families' perceptions of the transition to palliative care for their relative in long-term care.

Methods:

In-depth interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of twenty-six family members who were most involved in the care of residents who had died within the last 12 months. Interviews explored care, perceptions of staff palliative care knowledge, communication with staff, care planning and decision-making. The range of responses fit the Donabedian (1966) health care model of structure/process/outcome. In the case of long-term care, structure includes staff training; process is the manner of care and outcome would be a ‘good’ (or bad) death.

Results:

There was little evidence that a well-managed transition to a palliative approach to care was being initiated. Key themes included: 1) unrecognised need for transition; 2) information gaps and 3) feeling ‘out of the loop’. Ten subthemes were also identified.

Implications:

Engaging family and relevant internal and external health providers in care planning not only promotes care in line with resident wishes but also assists family bereavement. Results indicate the need for the development of a new collaborative, multidisciplinary model to enhance the delivery of palliative care in long-term care.
In Memoriam Mgr. Prof. Doutor José Geraldes Freire
Authors: Rebelo António
Published: May 2017

In Memoriam
(hand)Made in America
Authors: Totten Kelley D.
Published: May 2017

Analyzing a Ford Motor Company advertisement that nods to a Do-It-Yourself (DIY) subculture, this essay explores how the “handmade” gets valued and defined in the context of mass culture. I offer a reading of the advertisement in the context of contemporary marketing trends to consider how ideas of mass culture, counterculture, and traditional culture shape ideas of fabricated objects. The idea of the factory-produced Ford is not in contrast to the handcrafted object as much as it is in dialogue. How do we categorize and value certain modes of production over others to construct our understandings of cultural identities – national, community, and individual?
Quilts: Conscience of the Human Spirit: The Life of Nelson Mandela: Tributes by Quilt Artists from South Africa and the United States (MacDowell and Mazloomi)
Authors: Klassen Teri
Published: May 2017

This work is a book review considering the title Quilts: Conscience of the Human Spirit: The Life of Nelson Mandela: Tributes by Quilt Artists from South Africa and the United States: A Collaborative Project of Michigan State University Museum, Women of Color Quilters Network, and South African Quilt Artists by Marsha MacDowell and Carolyn L. Mazloomi.
The Cyrus Tang Hall of China: Deep Tradition, Dynamic Change
Authors: Lloyd Timothy
Published: May 2017

This work is an exhibition review considering The Cyrus Tang Hall of China: Deep Tradition, Dynamic Change, a project of the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago.
Obesity, Nutrition, and Physical Activity for People with Significant Disabilities
Authors: Grumstrup Brianna , Demchak MaryAnn
Published: May 2017

This review of literature focuses on health issues for individuals with Intellectual Disabilities (ID), Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), and Multiple Impairments (MI). This population has two to three times higher overweight and obesity prevalence than typically developing individuals. Furthermore, they have higher risk for obesity related diseases such as reduced lifespan and quality of life. Contributing factors for higher rates of overweight or obesity, effective interventions, and barriers to health knowledge and practice are discussed. Implications and future research needs are highlighted.
Arti Penting Ruang Hijau Kota bagi Masyarakat dan Pemerintah Kota (Ruang Hijau Kota di Lyon, Prancis)
Authors: Fitriandana Bima -
Published: May 2017

Adanya fenomena yang berbeda di negara berkembang dan negara maju menyangkut ruang hijau kotamenjadi daya tarik utama penelitian ini. Ruang hijau kota belum menjadi suatu elemen penting dinegara-negara berkembang, seperti di Indonesia, khususnya di kota Jakarta.. Di belahan dunia lain,tepatnya di Lyon, Prancis, keberadaan ruang hijau kota sangat diperhatikan, khususnya pada 24 tahunbelakangan (di mulai pada tahun 1990an) dan juga dalam prosesnya, partisipasi masyarakat pun tinggi,seperti yang terjadi di proyek taman kota Mazagran dengan tingkat partisipasi masyarakat yang tinggi.Dari kedua fenomena tersebut, ada jelas permasalahan yang terjadi baik di tingkat pemerintahmaupun di tingkat masyarakat. Muncul kemudian pertanyaan penelitian mengenai arti penting ruanghijau kota Lyon bagi masyarakat dan juga pemerintah kota Lyon. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodepenelitian kualitatif dengan bantuan wawancara yang ditujukan kepada beberapa aktor kuncipemerintah dan juga beberapa masyarakat. Penelitian ini dilakukan di taman Tête d’Or, tamanGerland, taman Sergent Blandan, ruang hijau kota tepi sungai Saône dan Rhône serta taman kecilMazagran. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa masyarakat kota Lyon menganggap bahwaruang hijau kota Lyon memberikan banyak manfaat untuk kehidupan mereka, terutama manfaatsosial, pendidikan dan kesehatan. Sementara bagi pemerintah, ruang hijau kota sangat berkontribusibagi perkembangan kota mereka yang ditinjau dari dimensi lingkungan dan ekonomi kota.
Efektivitas Implementasi Kebijakan Rencana Pemindahan Lokasi Industri- Industri di Kawasan Simongan ke Kawasan Industri Pada Rencana Tata Ruang Kota Semarang
Authors: Ratna Sari Diah Ayu -
Published: May 2017

RTRW Kota Semarang 2011 – 2031 telah disusun dan disahkan dalam Perda Kota Semarang Nomor 14 Tahun 2011. Pengembangan aktivitas industri di Kota Semarang lebih dibatasi karena mengacu kepada visi Kota Semarang mengedepankan pengembangan sektor perdagangan dan jasa. Industri-industri di kawasan Simongan tidak pernah dialokasikan di dalam perencanaan RTRW padahal terdapat ± 12 perusahaan dengan luas area sekitar 50 hektar dengan ribuan karyawan. Industri-industri tersebut sudah ada sejak tahun 1950an. Industri-industri yang menempati lokasi di luar zona industri dipandang sebagai pelanggaran terhadap perda. Sebagai bentuk pengendalian pemanfaatan ruang dari RTRW Kota Semarang, maka kegiatan industri yang masih berada di luar kawasan industri akan direlokasi secara bertahap dan apabila tidak dilaksanakan ada sangsi yang harus diberikan. Masyarakat dan pengusaha melakukan penolakan. Peran industri terhadap perekonomian sekitar kawasan cukup signifikan. Penelitian terkait efektivitas implementasi kebijakan pemerintah dirasa sangat dibutuhkan mengetahui bagaimana efektivitas implementasi kebijakan sebagai upaya penegakan pengendalian pemanfaatan ruang pada industri-industri di kawasan Simongan?. Kebijakan dilaksanakan tidak sebagaimana mestinya sehingga implementasi yang efektif sukar untuk dipenuhi. Tahapan penelitian kajian efektivitas implementasi kebijakan melalui pembahasan kajian kebijakan rencana pemindahan lokasi industri; kajian persepsi pemerintah, pelaku industri dan masyarakat.
Pengaruh Pembangunan Jalan Lingkar Selatan Salatiga Terhadap Perubahan Karakteristik Sosial Ekonomi Penduduk di Sekitarnya
Authors: Putri Marsista Buana
Published: May 2017

Pembangunan jaringan jalan baru memberikan dampak tidak langsung terhadap sosial ekonomi bagi penduduk di sekitarnya. Dalam jangka pendek, perkembangan sosial ekonomi akan terlihat dari berkembangnya aktivitas ekonomi. Jalan Lingkar Selatan Salatiga memiliki peran vital sebagai penghubung antara wilayah Jawa Tengah bagian Utara dengan wilayah Jawa Tengah bagian Selatan. Jalan Lingkar Selatan Salatiga ini merupakan jaringan jalan baru yang terletak di kawasan pinggiran Kota Salatiga, yang didominasi oleh kawasan pertanian dan intensitas penggunaan lahan terbangunnya lebih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan di pusat Kota Salatiga. Keberadaan Jalan Lingkar Selatan Salatiga diduga memberikan pengaruh kepada perkembangan kawasan di sekitarnya. Lingkup penelitian dibatasi pada konteks ekonomi mikro yang membahas perubahan aktivitas ekonomi penduduk sebagai individu dalam memanfaatkan sumberdaya di sekitarnya setelah adanya Jalan Lingkar Selatan Salatiga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan sosial ekonomi di sekitar Jalan Lingkar Selatan Salatiga kurang signifikan karena terjadi secara sporadis. Kontribusi pembangunan jalan hanya sebatas dalam meningkatkan aksesibilitas suatu kawasan. Perubahan aktivitas sosial ekonomi sendiri merupakan keputusan yang dipengaruhi banyak faktor yang berbeda-beda pada masing-masing wilayah.
Karakteristik Dan Peranan Lembaga Petani Pemakai Air Dalam Mendukung Produktivitas Hasil Padi Di Kecamatan Toboali Kabupaten Bangka Selatan
Authors: Prabowo Ari
Published: May 2017

Berdasarkan data Kepulauan Bangka Belitung Dalam Angka tahun 2014, laju pertumbuhan produksi padi mengalami peningkatan sepanjang tahun 2010 – 2013, akan tetapi produktivitas padi menurun karena pada saat yang sama luas lahan panen meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bagaimana karakteristik dan peranan lembaga petani pemakai air dalam mendukung produktifitas hasil padi di Kecamatan Toboali Kabupaten Bangka Selatan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan mengidentifikasi potensi dan permasalahan yang dimiliki oleh kawasan daerah irigasi di daerah wilayah studi dan analisis SWOT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kualitas bangunan irigasi menurun dan ketersediaan sumberdaya air irigas semakin berkurang, kemudian kapasitas sumberdaya manusia, dan hubungan kelembagaan dengan stakeholder terkait tergolong masih rendah. Sedangkan dari hasil analisis SWOT diperoleh strategi terpilih W – T yaitu strategi yang bersifat meminimalisir dan menguatkan kelemahan (Weakness) dengan mengatasi dan menghindari ancaman yang dimiliki (Threat).
Finite Time Blow-up in a Delayed Diffusive Population Model with Competitive Interference
Authors: Parshad Rana D. , Bhowmick Suman , Quansah Emmanuel , Agrawal Rashmi , Upadhyay Ranjit Kumar
Published: May 2017

In the current manuscript, an attempt has been made to understand the dynamics of a time-delayed predator-prey system with modified Leslie-Gower and Beddington-DeAngelis type functional responses for large initial data. In Ref. Upadhyay and Agrawal, 83(2016) 821–837, it was shown that the model possesses globally bounded solutions, for small initial conditions, under certain parametric restrictions. Here, we show that actually solutions to this model system can blow-up in finite time, for large initial condition,evenunder the parametric restrictions derived in Ref. Upadhyay and Agrawal, 83(2016) 821–837. We prove blow-up in the delayed model, as well as the non-delayed model, providing sufficient conditions on the largeness of data, required for finite time blow-up. Numerical simulations show that actually the initial data does not have to be very large, to induce blow-up. The spatially explicit system is seen to possess non-Turing instability. We have also studied Hopf-bifurcation direction in the spatial system, as well as stability of the spatial Hopf-bifurcation using the central manifold theorem and normal form theory.
The development of aspectual marking in Cantonese-English bilingual children
Authors: Luk Zoe Pei‐sui , Shirai Yasuhiro
Published: May 2017

The present study investigates whether the tense-aspect development of Cantonese-English bilingual children conforms to the Aspect Hypothesis (Andersen and Shirai 1994. Discourse motivations for some cognitive acquisition principles.Studies in Second Language Acquisition16(2). 133–156.), which has been shown to predict the development of monolingual children of many different languages well, and whether the two languages influence each other during development. Analysis of longitudinal production data from three Cantonese-English bilinguals (Yip and Matthews 2000. Syntactic transfer in a Cantonese-English bilingual child.Bilingualism: Language and Cognition3(3). 193–208.) shows that the development of bilingual children resemble that of monolingual children and generally follow the Aspect Hypothesis, but to a lesser degree. Interactions were also observed in that the acquisition of the Cantonese progressive markerganwas accelerated by the-ingin the bilingual children, and transfer from Cantonese to English allowed them to use the English past tense marking with verbs of different lexical aspect early in their development, deviating from the prediction of the Aspect Hypothesis.
La planeación en el municipio y resguardo de Jambaló (Colombia)
Authors: Castaño Canoas Máryuri
Published: May 2017

El presente artículo propone mostrar un análisis sobre los planes de vida de los indígenas Nasa del Norte del Cauca (departamento en Colombia) y su forma de organización, específicamente los que se ubican en el municipio y resguardo de Jambaló, con relación a los planes de desarrollo convencional, haciendo énfasis en las divergencias y convergencias entre una y otra forma de planificación, a fin de enriquecer la discusión sobre las formas de planear en el país y la necesidad de resignificar el desarrollo y la vida cotidiana. 
Interventions Targeting Sensory Challenges in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review
Authors: Weitlauf Amy S. , Sathe Nila , McPheeters Melissa L. , Warren Zachary E.
Published: May 2017

CONTEXT:

Sensory challenges are common among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of interventions targeting sensory challenges in ASD.

DATA SOURCES:

Databases, including Medline and PsycINFO.

STUDY SELECTION:

Two investigators independently screened studies against predetermined criteria.

DATA EXTRACTION:

One investigator extracted data with review by a second. Investigators independently assessed risk of bias and strength of evidence (SOE), or confidence in the estimate of effects.

RESULTS:

Twenty-four studies, including 20 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), were included. Only 3 studies had low risk of bias. Populations, interventions, and outcomes varied. Limited, short-term studies reported potential positive effects of several approaches in discrete skill domains. Specifically, sensory integration-based approaches improved sensory and motor skills-related measures (low SOE). Environmental enrichment improved nonverbal cognitive skills (low SOE). Studies of auditory integration-based approaches did not improve language (low SOE). Massage improved symptom severity and sensory challenges in studies with likely overlapping participants (low SOE). Music therapy studies evaluated different protocols and outcomes, precluding synthesis (insufficient SOE). Some positive effects were reported for other approaches, but findings were inconsistent (insufficient SOE).

LIMITATIONS:

Studies were small and short-term, and few fully categorized populations.

CONCLUSIONS:

Some interventions may yield modest short-term (<6 months) improvements in sensory- and ASD symptom severity-related outcomes; the evidence base is small, and the durability of the effects is unclear. Although some therapies may hold promise, substantial needs exist for continuing improvements in methodologic rigor.
PENGKAJIAN TENTANG PERIKANAN BERKELANJUTAN DI TANJUNGBALAI ASAHAN SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Nababan Benardo , Wiyono Eko Sri , Mustaruddin Mustaruddin
Published: May 2017

Pengelolaan  perikanan yang dilakukan pemerintah sudah diarahkan untuk mencapai perikanan yang berkelanjutan, namun upaya yang dilakukan belum mendapat dukungan yang baik dari nelayan di Tanjungbalai Asahan, Sumatera Utara. Hal ini terlihat dari banyaknya nelayan yang tidak mematuhi aturan yang dibuat. Evaluasi terhadap kepatuhan nelayan sangatlah diperlukan karena manajemen perikanan merupakan kegiatan manajemen yang berfokus pada sumberdaya manusia dan aktivitasnya di bidang perikanan. Pengelola harus benar-benar memahami bagaimana nelayan atau stakeholder perikanan merespon segala peraturan yang dibuat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan faktor-fakor yang mempengaruhi kepatuhan nelayan dalam mendukung perikanan yang berkelanjutan ditinjau dari aspek karakteristik sosial-ekonomi dan persepsi. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis model persamaan struktural. Dalam analisis ini digunakan 4 variabel laten, yaitu karakteristik sosial-ekonomi nelayan, persepsi terhadap kriteria alat penangkapan ikan yang ramah lingkungan, persepsi terhadap keberadaan sumberdaya perikanan, dan kepatuhan terhadap aturan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kepatuhan nelayan, antara lain; karakteristik sosial-ekonomi nelayan (organisasi, sosialisasi, investasi, dan pendapatan), persepsi terhadap kriteria alat penangkapan ikan yang ramah lingkungan, dan persepsi terhadap keberadaan sumberdaya perikanan.
DINAMIKA POPULASI DAN TINGKAT PEMANFAATAN UDANG WINDU (Penaeus semisulcatus de Haan, 1844) DI PERAIRAN BALIKPAPAN
Authors: Tirtadanu Tirtadanu , Wedjatmiko Wedjatmiko , Lestari Pratiwi
Published: May 2017

Udang windu (Penaeus semisulcatus de Haan, 1844) di perairan Kalimantan Timur saat ini diduga berada dalam tahapan lebih tangkap, sehingga kajian dinamika populasi udang windu di perairan Balikpapan merupakan informasi yang penting untuk dilakukan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dinamika populasi dan tingkat pemanfaatan udang windu sebagai dasar dalam pengelolaan perikanan udang di Balikpapan.Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Februari – November 2016.Metode yang digunakan adalah random sampling dengan analisis menggunakan model analitik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ukuran panjang karapas asimptotik (CL∞) udang jantan sebesar 47,5 mmCL dengan laju pertumbuhan (K) 1,72 per tahun dan panjang karapas asimptotik (CL∞) udang betina 53,7 mmCL dengan laju pertumbuhan (K) 1,53 per tahun. Ukuran rata-rata pertama kali tertangkap udang (Lc) sebesar 31,5 mmCL lebih kecil dibandingkan ukuran rata-rata pertama kali matang gonad (Lm) sebesar 39,63 mmCL, menunjukkan sebagian besar udang tertangkap sebelum memijah. Tingkat pemanfaatan udang windu berada pada tahap lebih tangkap (overfishing) dengan nilai laju pengusahaan (E) sebesar 0,65 pada jantan dan 0,77 pada betina, sehingga disarankan untuk melakukan pengurangan upaya penangkapan sebesar 42% dan pengaturan jaring dengan ukuran tertangkap lebih besar dari 39 mmCL.The green tiger prawn (Penaeus semisulcatus de Haan, 1844) in Kalimantan Timur were estimated in stages of overfishing, so dynamic population of green tiger prawn was important information needed to do. Aim of this research were to study about dynamic population and exploitation rate of green tiger prawn as basis management  for shrimp fisheries in Balikpapan. This research conducted  on February – November 2016. The method used was random sampling and the analysis used was analytical model. The results showed that carapace asymptotic length (CL∞) of male green tiger prawn was 47,5 mmCL and the growth rate was 1,72 year-1. Carapace asymptotic length (CL∞) of female prawn was 53,7 mmCL and the growth rate was 1,53 year-1. Length at first captured was 31,5 mmCL, smaller than length at first matured that was 39,63 mmCL so most of shrimps captured hadn’t spawned yet. Exploitation rate of the green tiger prawn was on stage of overfishing with the value of exploitation rate was 0,65 for male and 0,77 for female, so it was suggested to reduce fishing effort by 42% and mesh size regulation with the size allowable catch was bigger than 39 mmCL.
Surface modification layer of Ti–6Al–4V produced by surface rolling and thermal oxidation
Authors: Li Gang , Qu Shengguan , Ren Zhaojun , Li Xiaoqiang
Published: May 2017

A surface-modified layer (oxide layer and oxygen diffusion region) was produced on a Ti–6Al–4V alloy substrate by the combination of multipass surface rolling and thermal oxidation. The effects of different oxidation temperatures (700, 750 800 and 850°C) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of surface-modified layers of the samples before and after multipass surface rolling were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive spectroscopy were used to analyze the change in microstructure and composition phase. Surface roughness, microhardness, friction and wear properties and corrosion resistance of surface modification layers obtained by the surface-rolled sample after oxidation (SSAO) and sample treated only by oxidizing (STBO) were measured. It is found that SSAO shows better internal structure and properties of the surface modification layer compared with STBO. Surface roughness and microhardness have no obvious difference. But the friction, wear and corrosion resistance of SSAO were also significantly improved compared to those of STBO. The minimum wear rate was obtained by surface-rolled sample oxidized at 850°C.
Characterization of PVdF-HFP-based nanocomposite plasticized polymer electrolytes
Authors: Sharma Shuchi , Pathak Dinesh , Dhiman Naresh , Kumar Rajiv
Published: May 2017

Nanocomposite polymer electrolytes based on poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP) have been prepared by using ammonium fluoride (NH4F) as salt, dimethylformamide as plasticizer and nanosize alumina (Al2O3) as filler. The ionic conductivity of polymer electrolytes has increased by four orders of magnitude (from 10−7 to 10−3 S/cm) with the addition of plasticizer. The conductivity of nanocomposite plasticized polymer electrolytes has increased by a factor of 3–4 with the addition of the nanofiller (alumina) along with an improvement in mechanical strength. The conductivity shows two maxima with the addition of alumina. X-ray diffraction studies have been carried out to check the crystallinity/amorphicity of polymer electrolytes. The small change in conductivity over the 30–130°C temperature range and conductivity remains nearly constant with time suggests that these electrolytes are desirable for their use in electrochemical devices such as batteries, fuel cells, sensors, supercapacitors and electrochromic devices. The activation energies of these electrolytes have also been calculated and correlated with conductivity results.
Patterns of blunt force homicide in the West Metropole of the City of Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Clark Courtnee , Mole Calvin G. , Heyns Marise
Published: May 2017

There is currently a lack of information regarding the prevalence of and characteristics associated with blunt force trauma related homicides in South Africa. Information relating to the patterns of blunt force trauma could assist in the development and implementation of interventions targeted at specific areas or individuals as well as direct future research towards areas in need of investigation. This study is a 5-year retrospective review of autopsy reports obtained from Salt River Mortuary (Cape Town, South Africa). The prevalence of blunt force trauma was considered for unnatural deaths with a focus on homicide. The patterns of homicidal blunt force trauma are also presented. A total of 15 519 autopsy cases was analysed. In 1198 (7.72%) of these cases, the cause of death was found to be blunt force trauma and 828 (5.32%) of these cases were classified as homicides. Approximately 11% of blunt force homicide cases occurred in combination with sharp and/or ballistic trauma. Men from poor socio-economic areas were shown to be most at risk of blunt force homicide in the City of Cape Town.

Significance: 

The prevalence of homicidal blunt force trauma in the Western Metropole of the City of Cape Town is comparable to other regions in South Africa.
The vast majority of victims sustained injury to the head, highlighting the need for further research in cranial blunt force trauma.
Interventions should target young men, particularly in low socio-economic regions.
Comprehensiveness of Digital Information in Digital Age - A Survey on Research Trends in National Law School of India University
Authors: Yaranal Mahesh A. , Ramesha
Published: May 2017

The article examines on whether digitization has made research more comprehensive in general and legal research in particular with specific emphasis on the holistic development of the subject. It goes on to comment on some of the limitations of digitization which in turn make legal research less comprehensive. And also narrates the advantages of Digitization in the light of Inter disciplinary works. In the conclusion the authors have examined the breadth versus depth of legal research.
Use and Usage of OPAC in Public Libraries in Chandigarh City (India): A Study
Authors: Kumar Parveen , Mahajan Preeti
Published: May 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the use and usage of OPAC in public libraries in Chandigarh City, India. Attempt has been made to know the usage of OPAC in public libraries in terms of users' frequency, purpose of use, search pattern, search approach, usage of help tips and help, problem faced and satisfaction level. A total of 289 questionnaires out of 300, duly filled-in by the respondents were received and analyzed using the simple percentage approach. The final result revealed that there is lack of computer skill and awareness on part of users, lack of proper orientation and cooperation from the library staff. Findings revealed that most of the users are satisfied with the OPAC and its services but they are not aware of all its services. In the end, suggestions have been made on the basis of the study for the effective and proper utilization of OPAC and its services.
Use of Electronic Information Resources by the Doctoral Students of Calicut University
Authors: Vasudevan T. M. , Rakhi N. R.
Published: May 2017

In recent years, e-resource has become most popular sources of information for the teachers, professionals, students and doctoral students. This paper aims to investigate the use, awareness, purpose of use, frequency of use, reason for using e-resources, satisfaction level, and problems facing while accessing e-resources by the doctoral students in Calicut University campus. A comparison of Science and Non-Science doctoral students about the use of e-resources can also be made by the study. Majority of Science and Non-Science doctoral students surf the internet every day. They opined that e-resources improve quality of their work but lack of accessibility and lack of training of e-resources are the main problems faced by the doctoral students while accessing e-resources.
State Eligibility Test (SET), Tamil Nadu: A Five Point Scaling Analysis of the Result of 2011
Authors: Mandhirasalam M. , Srinivasa Ragavan S.
Published: May 2017

This paper is an overview of State Eligibility Test (SET), Tamil Nadu which determines the eligibility of candidates for recruitment of assistant professors in colleges and universities in Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry and analyses its results of 2011. The paper briefly discusses about NET and SET, its structure, selection criteria and discusses elaborately about the results of the 2011 session using five point scaling analysis ie. very good, good, medium, poor and very poor on the pass percentage. At the end, major findings of the study and some suggestions to increase the number of awardees of NET/SET are also given.
Development of Checkpoint Inhibitors for Sarcomas
Authors: Munhoz Rodrigo R , Tap William D , D’Angelo Sandra P ,   Oncology Center, Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil,   Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,   Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, US,   Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, US,   Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, US,   Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, US
Published: May 2017

Sarcomas comprise a rare and heterogeneous group of malignancies of bone and soft tissue origin. Despite optimal approach, a significant proportion of patients will develop recurrent/metastatic disease. Although advances have been achieved, therapeutic options for these patients are limited and prognosis remains poor. Over the past century, the characterization of mechanisms involved in the interaction between tumor cells and the immune system has paved the way for the development of different forms of cancer immunotherapy, including cytokines, vaccines, cell therapies, and, more recently and successfully, monoclonal antibodies against molecules involved in the modulation of immune response, or immune checkpoint inhibitors. While the clinical applicability of this approach has been limited in sarcomas, the immunogenic potential of this group of malignancies was demonstrated more than 100 years ago. In this article, we review aspects associated with the immunogenicity of sarcomas and how the use of checkpoint inhibitors is being explored for this group of patients.
Primary Tumor Location Implications on Biological Therapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Fakih Marwan ,   Medical Oncology, Gastrointestinal Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, California, US
Published: May 2017

Anti-epidermal growth factor receptors (anti-EGFRs) have been clinically proven to improve overall survival (OS) when combined with chemotherapy in the settings of extended RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancers. In addition, randomized phase III studies have confirmed the superiority of anti-EGFR therapy over bevacizumab in the front-line treatment of extended RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer when it comes to response rate, and in select studies, OS. Recent updates from these clinical trials project convincing evidence that tumor sidedness is yet another predictive marker for response to anti-EGFR therapy. While left colonic RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancers derive major clinical benefit from anti-EGFR versus bevacizumab therapy, bevacizumab appears to have clear advantage in RAS wild-type metastatic right-sided tumors. In this review, we summarize recent reports from key clinical trials and their impact on day-to-day clinical practice.
Desarrollo rural y movilización social en la zona rural de la Subcuenca del Río Pance (Cali, Colombia)
Authors: Pérez Natalia
Published: May 2017

In the subwatershed of Pance river (Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia), the community is concerned with local territorial planning. The objective of this article is to analyze the correlation between the territorial ordering model of Cali and the community organizational transformations which are emerging in Pance. It describes the socioeconomic and political context of the subwatershed, in a social and cultural characterization of its relations. Later, a theorical and conceptual approach is made to the main theories of development, and the main approaches to rural development is made. Its goal is to identifying the development model of Cali's ordering model. Finally, this article contributes with an in-depth of the relationship between the policies of local-municipal order and the new forms of organization and community mobilization.
Equity in public transport — a case of Bangalore’s city bus transport
Authors: Baindur Deepak , Rao Pooja
Published: May 2017

In most urban areas, buses are the most heavily used form of public transportation[1] and more so in Indian cities where buses make up for over 90% of public transport ridership[2]. In the selected Indian metro cities, where formal bus based PT systems are operated by public agencies, they are over-reliant on state support to sustain operations as fare box collections are inadequate in spite of having relatively high ridership. The main challenge for all this is to achieve long term financial sustainability of public transport systems while providing good quality and affordable bus services.This paper investigates internal and external factors that led to the steep and recurrent fare increases in the Bangalore city bus services in the period from 2012–2014 which are operated by Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation. In order to estimate the impact of the recent bus fare increases that have had on the economically weaker sections of the society dependent on these services, the paper presents the results of a random sampling survey study carried out in a central locality in the city that has a large slum area.The key findings throw light on the various ways in which the low income bus users have adapted to reduce their travel costs through changes in travel behavior, travel pattern and modal shifts. The cost of the behavioral changes through lost opportunities and the cost of the modal shifts of the persons earlier favoring public transportation draw attention to the significance of public transport fare policies. Furthermore, the management and operations of the BMTC agency show scope for improvement which can translate into better revenue generation and consequent reduction in fares.
Revisión del tratamiento de las normas ortográficas de las grafías g y j en manuales de segundo y tercer ciclo de Educación Primaria y sus repercusiones en la enseñanza
Authors: Ayala Ato Serafín , Montaner Bueno Andrés
Published: May 2017

El objetivo de este estudio consiste en analizar el nivel de competencia ortográfica respecto al empleo de las grafías g y j que posee el alumnado de sexto curso de Educación Primaria. Para ello, nos servimos de una muestra constituida por 120 alumnos a la que aplicamos un cuestionario de naturaleza teórico-práctica para determinar el dominio que estos poseen sobre las normas de uso que regulan estos contenidos. Los resultados del mismo nos muestran que el grado de adquisición de estas reglas es bastante deficiente, pues solo 24 estudiantes cuentan con algún sucinto conocimiento sobre las disposiciones teóricas y únicamente 7 son capaces de realizar de forma satisfactoria las actividades propuestas.Una de las causas de estos malos resultados creemos que se encuentra en la perspectiva didáctica con la que los libros de texto abordan la explicación de estos preceptos. A este respecto, hemos realizado una indagación crítica sobre la forma en que los manuales más utilizados en esta etapa educativa tratan los contenidos ortográficos acerca de la g y la j que vienen exigidos por los currículos escolares actualmente vigentes (LOE y LOMCE).