bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inserção social da pós-graduação brasileira: estudo de mestrados profissionais da área de Planejamento Urbano e Regional
Authors: Pessôa Mariana Monteiro , Piquet Rosélia , Vilani Rodrigo Machado
Published: August 2016

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a inserção social de programas profissionais da área de Planejamento Urbano e Regional. A discussão vai ao encontro das preocupações com a contribuição da atividade acadêmica para o aprimoramento da gestão pública e das demandas da sociedade brasileira. A análise privilegiou a inserção social dos programas entre os critérios de avaliação adotados pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes). Optou-se por uma metodologia quali-quantitativa, pautada na pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e na leitura técnica da produção científica (dissertação) dos programas selecionados. Esta pesquisa se propôs a verificar se as dissertações produzidas pelos programas de mestrado profissional analisados contribuem para o conhecimento das regiões em que se localizam, tornando-se, assim, recursos da ciência e do conhecimento para o aprimoramento da gestão pública e para a redução da dívida social. Concluiu-se pela aderência das dissertações defendidas e pelo fortalecimento das ações da Capes na exigência da inserção social como balizador das pesquisas e intervenções técnico-científicas.
O Pibid e a trajetória profissional de licenciados em Química
Authors: Dos Santos Bruno Ferreira , Moraes Jucimara De Jesus
Published: August 2016

Neste artigo são apresentados os resultados de pesquisa realizada com egressos de um curso de licenciatura em Química que foram bolsistas do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (Pibid). Os recém-graduados foram entrevistados por meio de questionários e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Seu objetivo principal foi o de conhecer os fatores que incidem sobre o que define sua trajetória profissional e as relações entre sua participação nesse programa de iniciação à docência e as escolhas profissionais. Os dados levantados foram analisados por meio da Teoria Fundamentada. A análise dos dados permitiu a elaboração de uma interpretação sobre as escolhas profissionais dos licenciados, cuja opção primordial pela educação permanente está representada pela formação como pesquisador, e a atuação como docente é postergada para o futuro ou como um projeto alternativo em suas trajetórias profissionais.
Abordagem construtivista integrando o ensino, a pesquisa e a aplicação à realidade: o caso da pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais da Unesp Sorocaba
Authors: Bressane Adriano , Medeiros Gerson Araújo de , Ribeiro Admilson Irio , Filho Afonso Peche
Published: August 2016

A integração entre o ensino e a pesquisa e a posterior divulgação dos resultados junto à sociedade, no contexto da pós-graduação, são um desafio que emerge do desenvolvimento de abordagens pedagógicas de caráter interdisciplinar. O objetivo deste trabalho é o de apresentar uma experiência pedagógica construtivista desenvolvida a partir de estudos de caso, envolvendo disciplinas do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais da Unesp, em Sorocaba, São Paulo. Essa experiência, realizada nos anos de 2013 e 2014, teve como desdobramentos as discussões sobre como abordar os estudos de caso, o levantamento de dados primários, a elaboração de referencial bibliográfico, a comunicação e a discussão com a comunidade e o encaminhamento de soluções para o poder público, contribuindo para a formação dos alunos e o seu engajamento com os problemas ambientais regionais.
Are Temporal Differences in GDNF and NOS Isoform Induction Contributors to Neurodegeneration? A Fluorescence Microscopy-Based Study
Authors: Doursout Marie-Francoise , Liang Yangyan , Schiess Mya C. , Padilla Angelica , Poindexter Brian J. , Hickson-Bick Diane L. M. , Bick Roger J.
Published: August 2016

Background:

Specific factors in Parkinson’s disease have become targets as to their protective and degenerative effects. We have demonstrated that cytokines and PD-CSF detrimentally affect microglia and astrocyte growth. While glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been recognized as a possible neuron-rescue agent, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) has been implicated in neurodegenerative processes.

Objective:

To demonstrate that glial cell activation, cytokine production, and NOS induction, play an intimate role in the loss of dopaminergic signaling,viamechanisms that are a result of inflammation and inflammatory stimuli.

Methods:

Study animals were sacrificed following endotoxin treatment and tissue sections were harvested and probed for GDNF and NOS isomers by fluorescence deconvolution microscopy. Fluorescence was mapped and quantified for each probe

Results:

An immune cell influx into ‘vulnerable’ areas of the brain was seen, and three NOS isomers, inducible (iNOS), neuronal (nNOS) and endothelial (eNOS), were synthesized in the brains, a finding which suggests that each isomer has a role in neurodegeneration. eNOS was found associated with blood vessels, while iNOS was associated with glial and matrix cells and nNOS was located with both glia and neurons. Following endotoxin treatment, serum levels of nitric oxide were higher at 6-8 hours, while tissue levels of NOS were elevated for much longer. Thus, induction of NOS occurred earlier than the induction of GDNF.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that the protective abilities of GDNF to combat neural destruction are not available rapidly enough, and do not remain at sufficiently high levels long enough to assert its protective effects. (250).
Layer Selection Method of Ultra-Short Radius Horizontal Wells
Authors: Yang Erlong , Li Huan , Gao Huijuan , Jia Juquan , Qi Meng
Published: August 2016

Study on the technology that sidetracking horizontal wells with ultra-short radius to select boundary layer has certain practical meaning. But recently this kind of research, especially the study on sidetracking position for horizontal well, is less or even none. In this paper, on the basis of the potential superposition method and the equivalent flowing resistance method, the cumulative oil production calculation model of the horizontal well after sidetracking is established. Then the dimensionless height from the top is introduced to modify the model with the means of numerical simulation. Therefore set up the relationship between the cumulative oil production and six factors such as cumulative oil production, effective thickness, the dimensionless height from the top, average permeability, oil and water wells, the average remaining oil saturation and completeness of drilling stage for horizontal well. By combining break-even analysis, layer selection method of ultra-short radius horizontal wells is determined. A relevant chart is also obtained. The method established in this paper can help to choose the optimal layer of sidetracking horizontal well with ultra-short radius.
A transfusão de sangue de adeptos da religião Testemunhas de Jeová: uma reflexão ético-religiosa frente à legislação brasileira
Authors: De Pinto Ferreira Lóren Formiga
Published: August 2016

El presente artículo trata sobre la controvertida cuestión de la transfusión de sangre en fieles de la religión Testigos de Jehová, quienes se niegan a recibir tal tratamiento terapéutico, basados en la interpretación que hacen de algunos libros de la Biblia, en los que Dios habría determinado la prohibición de comer sangre, lo que ellos transfieren a la prohibición de la transfusión de sangre o sus derivados. En contra de la negativa de estos pacientes, están el derecho a la vida y la obligación del médico, el cual, por su formación, debe intentar salvar la vida de las personas. Así, se crea un conflicto complejo y grave entre derechos y garantías constitucionales. En este contexto, el objetivo de esta investigación es confirmar si el Estado tiene el derecho a hacer caso omiso de la voluntad libre y consciente del paciente que se niega a la realización del tratamiento, con base en sus creencias religiosas, y cuál sería el fundamento para esta consideración o no. Para la realización de este trabajo, se utilizó la técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica, con base en la doctrina, la legislación y la jurisprudencia, y se aplicó el método inductivo.
To dream or not to dream: incursión en la lógica de la canción de S. T. Coleridge
Authors: Botero Camacho Manuel
Published: August 2016

A lo largo de este artículo se expone una serie de posibilidades que puede ofrecer la lectura del poema de Samuel Taylor Coleridge titulado “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” (1798). Los argumentos aquí expuestos carecen de intención distinta de aquella que consiste en señalar elementos que acaso no sean accidentales dentro del texto. David Hume (1711-1776) será quien proporcione las relaciones que deban examinarse. En este escrito se ofrecen tres posibilidades interpretativas y, al menos, dos de ellas pueden verse como contaminadas por las teorías de Hume. Aunque la tercera no está directamente tratada en la filosofía que aquí se maneja, es fácil hacer la inferencia del origen de tal relación. El objetivo es presentar el poema de Coleridge como una objeción a la teoría de la causalidad enunciada por Hume.
Courtyards Design Variants and Its Functions in Malaysian Hospitals
Authors: Almhafdy Abdulbasit , Ibrahim Norhati , Sh. Ahmad Sabarinah , Yahya Josmin
Published: August 2016

The courtyard becomes a vital element that commonly applied in tropical buildings for its environmental, social and therapeutic potentials. However, effort to examine its usage and design variants is limited. This paper focuses on the application of courtyards in the context of Malaysian hospitals. Thirty-two courtyards were inventoried. Besides the courtyard functions, design variants were recorded in terms of its form and aspect ratio, courtyard orientation and physical features. The results revealed that the courtyards in the Malaysian hospitals buildings are creatively manipulated. The paper concludes with an outline of means to optimize a courtyard’s microclimatic and healing performances.2398-4295 © 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK.. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Courtyard function; design variants; hospitals; environmental aspect
Everyday Tourism in a World Tourism City: Getting backstage in London
Authors: Maitland Robert
Published: August 2016

Tourism is increasingly important to city economies and the built environment is crucial to the tourist experience of cities. Accounts in the literature tend to focus on cities responding with planned development of iconic buildings and tourism precincts. Evidence from London and other world tourism cities shows that in many cases tourists want to explore the city beyond tourism precincts, and strive to get off the beaten track to discover the ‘real city’. The architecture and built environment that is important to them is not iconic, monumental and planned, but the ordinary and everyday fabric of the city.2398-4295 © 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK.. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: City tourism; everyday; backstage; built environment
Efficiency of threonine utilization in the growing pigs
Authors: S Ceron Marcos , De Oliveira Vladimir , B de Quadros Arlei , E Gewehr Clóvis , T Rocha Leonardo , A Alves Débora
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT Objective. This study aimed to determine the marginal efficiency of threonine utilization in growing pigs by using the nitrogen balance technique. Materials and methods. Twelve castrated pigs with an average live weight of 72±2 kg were housed in metabolic cages maintained in a temperature controlled room of 22±3°C. The treatments consisted of four diets calculated to meet 30, 45, 60 and 70% of the nutritional requirements of standardized ileal digestible threonine. The amino acids others than threonine were maintained at least 15% above threonine requirements, expressed in terms of ideal levels. The amount of feed supplied was calculate to provide 2.6 times the metabolizable energy requirements for maintenance and adjusted daily according to an expected daily gain rate of 0.8 kg. Results. Pigs consumed 1.65 g kg-1 BW0.75 nitrogen daily, on average and 61% was retained and, as a result, 39% was excreted, being 31% through the feces and the remainder (69%) in the urine. The pigs showed a linear retention of threonine in response to the increase of standardized threonine intake. For each gram of standardized threonine intake 0.37 g were lost during the metabolism. Conclusions. It is concluded that for calculating nutritional requirements of standardized threonine of pigs by the factorial method, it is possible to use the utilization marginal efficiency of 0.63.RESUMEN Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la eficiencia marginal del uso de treonina para cerdos en fase de crecimiento, por medio de la técnica de balance de nitrógeno. Material y métodos. Fueron utilizados doce cerdos machos castrados con peso promedio de 72±2 kg alojados en jaulas metabólicas climatizadas a una temperatura ambiente de 22±3°C. Los tratamientos consistieron en cuatro dietas calculadas para 30, 45, 60 y 70% de las necesidades nutricionales de treonina digestible estandarizada. Los demás aminoácidos se añadieron a las dietas para lograr una proporción de al menos 15% de sus necesidades expresadas con relación a la treonina. La cantidad de alimento proporcionado se calculó para suministrar 2.6 veces la energía metabolizable y ajustada todos los dias, según una tasa de ganancia media diaria de 0.8 kg. Resultados. Los cerdos consumieron 1.65 g kg-1 PV0.75 de nitrógeno por dia. En promedio 61% de nitrógeno ingerido se conservó y 39% fue excretado por el animal. El 31% se excretó en las heces y el resto (69%) en la orina. Los cerdos mostraron una retención lineal de treonina, con relación al aumento en la ingesta de treonina digestible estandarizada. Por cada gramo de treonina digestible estandarizada ingerido 0.37 g se perdieron durante el metabolismo. Conclusiones. Se concluye que, para el cálculo de las necesidades nutricionales de treonina digestible estandarizada para cerdos por método factorial, es posible utilizar la eficiencia marginal del uso de treonina a 0.63.
Productive performance of naked neck chickens that were fed leaf meal shrubs
Authors: Herrera G Santos M , Díaz C Aslam
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT Objective. To compare the productive performance of naked neck chickens (phases of initiation, growth and final) that were fed meals Gliricidia sepium, Cajanus cajan and Morus alba leaves. Materials and methods. 192 chickens, 1-84 days of age were distributed in a randomized block design with three experimental groups (5% of shrub in the diet), 48 animals/ group, eight replicates/ treatment, six animals/ reply and three animals/ sex in each replicate were used. The control group consumed diet based on corn and soybeans. They were reared on floor. Weighed every seven days. Weight gain, voluntary intake, conversion, balance and efficiency of feed utilization were calculated. Results. The highest total feed intake and average daily gain in rearing were 37.43g 9509.96 g respectively for M. alba (p<0.05), which also presented the best efficiency of energy and protein. Meanwhile, G. sepium showed the lowest values. Conclusions. It is possible to replace 5% of corn and soy in the diet of naked neck chickens, with the inclusion of leaf meal M. alba and get a favorable productive behavior.RESUMEN Objetivo. Comparar el comportamiento productivo de pollos cuello desnudo (fases de inicio, crecimiento y final) que se alimentaron con harinas de hojas de Gliricidia sepium, Cajanus cajan y Morus alba. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron 192 pollos, de 1-84 días de edad que se distribuyeron en un diseño de bloques al azar, con tres grupos experimentales (5% de arbustivas en la ración), 48 animales/ grupo, ocho réplicas/ tratamiento, seis animales/ réplica y tres animales/ sexo, en cada réplica. El grupo control consumió dieta a base de maíz y soya. Se criaron en piso. Se pesaron cada siete días. Se calcularon la ganancia de peso, el consumo voluntario, la conversión, el balance y la eficiencia en la utilización de alimentos. Resultados. El mayor consumo total de alimento y la ganancia promedio diaria en la crianza fueron de 9509.96 g y 37.43g, respectivamente, para M. alba (p<0.05), donde también se presentó la mejor eficiencia en el uso de la energía y la proteína. Mientras, la G. sepium presentó los valores más bajos. Conclusiones. Es posible sustituir el 5% de maíz y soya, en la dieta de pollos cuello desnudo, con la inclusión de harina de hojas de M. alba y obtener un favorable comportamiento productivo.
Spatial and temporal length distribution of Zungaro zungaro caught in the Orinoco River Basin of Colombia
Authors: Ramírez-Gil Hernando
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT Objetive. To determine the effect of fishing on capture size of both male and female Zungaro zungaro catfish, historical records of size and spatial distribution of the species were analyzed from the Orinoco Basin in Colombian. Materials and methods. Information was collected by sampling fishing port landings in the region between 1979 and 2011. Each specimen was measured, weighed and sexed. With 5411 records, the average size at capture were compared in time and among the different ports. Size at 50% maturity was estimated by quinquennium. Results. The average commercial capture sizes of Z. zungaro ranged from 35 to 161 cm standard length, with differences between males and females. From 1979 to 2011, in Puerto Lopez, the size at sexual maturity decreased from 123.8 to 83.4 cm in females and from 93.3 to 61 in males. In the annual cycle the greater average capture size in females was from April to July and for males from May to June. Average annual length is higher in the higher parts of the Meta and Guaviare river drainages. In the last quinquennium the size at 50% maturity had fallen 10 cm in females and 5 cm in males and it is higher than the average capture size. Conclusions. Populations of Z. zungaro in the Colombian Orinoco River Basin have been affected by overfishing and selective fishing of females. RESUMEN Objetivo. Determinar el grado de afección en la población de Zungaro zungaro a partir del análisis del comportamiento histórico y espacial de las tallas de captura de hembras y machos de la especie en la Orinoquia colombiana. Materiales y métodos. La información fue colectada mediante muestreos a los desembarcos en puertos pesqueros de la región entre 1979 y 2011. Cada ejemplar fue medido, pesado y sexado. Con 5411 registros, se estableció la distribución de las tallas medias de captura, que se compararon en el tiempo y entre los diferentes puertos. Se estimó la talla de madurez gonadal (TMG) por quinquenios. Resultados. El rango de las tallas de captura comercial Z. zungaro fue de 35 a 161 cm longitud estándar (LS), con diferencia entre machos y hembras. Entre los años 1979 a 2011, en Puerto López, la talla promedio de captura anual (LS) disminuyó de 123.8 a 83.4 cm en hembras y de 93.3 a 61 cm en machos. En el ciclo anual la mayor talla promedio de captura de hembras se presenta en abril a julio y de machos en mayo y junio. La talla promedio de captura anual (TPCA) es superior en las partes altas de los ríos Meta y Guaviare. En el último quinquenio la TMG ha disminuido 10 cm en las hembras y cinco cm en los machos y es superior a la TPCA. Conclusiones. Hay afectación sobre la población explotada de Z. zungaro por sobrepesca por crecimiento y pesca selectiva de hembras en la Orinoquia colombiana.
First approach to molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Colombia
Authors: Jojoa-Jojoa Jimena , Wintaco M Maira , Osorio R Francisco , Puerto-Castro Gloria , Guerrero-Guerrero Martha
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT Objective. To investigate the presence of Mycobacterium bovis and other Mycobacterium species in samples of cattle and buffalo in Colombia, to start the molecular characterization of M. bovis in the country. Material and methods. 492 samples were collected from herds identified with the presence of infected animals through the PPD, by the Group of Bovine Tuberculosis ICA Colombian Agricultural Institute in eight departments of Colombia. Lymph nodes of head, thorax and abdomen, gross lesions of tissues with tuberculosis, nasal swabs, milk, blood and fresh cheeses were included. Samples were subjected to detection of Mycobacterium bovis and other mycobacteria by conventional microbiological analysis and PCR-6110 and spoligotyping molecular assays. Results. In the samples analyzed especially in lymph nodes, Mycobacterium bovis was demonstrated with genotypes reported and not previously reported in the world, as well as M. tuberculosis in Antioquia, Cundinamarca, Boyacá and Magdalena departments. Conclusions. In Colombia there are at least 7 genotypes of M. bovis that are infected and sick cattle and buffalo from four different departments becoming serious threat to public health.RESUMEN Objetivo. Investigar la presencia de Mycobacterium bovis y otras especies de Mycobacterium en muestras de ganado bovino y búfalino en Colombia e iniciar la caracterización molecular de M. bovis en el país. Materiales y métodos. 492 muestras fueron recogidas de hatos identificados con presencia de animales infectados a través de la prueba de PPD, por el Grupo de Tuberculosis Bovina del Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario ICA en ocho departamentos de Colombia. Se incluyeron ganglios linfáticos de cabeza, tórax y abdomen, tejidos con lesiones macroscópicas de tuberculosis, hisopos nasales, leche, sangre y quesos frescos. Las muestras se sometieron a investigación de Mycobacterium bovis y otras micobacterias mediante el análisis microbiológico convencional y pruebas moleculares de PCR-IS6110 y spoligotyping. Resultados. En las muestras analizadas especialmente en los ganglios linfáticos, se evidenció Mycobacterium bovis con genotipos reportados y no reportados previamente en el mundo, así como M. tuberculosis en los departamentos de Antioquia, Cundinamarca, Magdalena y Boyacá. Conclusiones. En Colombia existen al menos 7 genotipos de M. bovis que se encuentran infectando y enfermando a bovinos y bufalinos de cuatro diferentes departamentos del país constituyéndose en seria amenaza para la salud pública.
Proximate composition analysis posterior to the cryopreservation of Chaetoceros calcitrans
Authors: Salas-Leiva Joan , Dupré M Enrique , Salas-Leiva Dayana
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT Objective. The effect of cryopreservation on the proximate composition of microalgae Chaetoceros calcitrans was evaluated. Materials and methods. C. calcitrans was cultured and cryopreserved using 5% (v/v) dimethylsulfoxide as cryoprotectant. The freezing was controlled at a rate of 3°C/min, up to -60°C and then the microalgae were immersed in liquid nitrogen (-196°C). After storage in liquid nitrogen, microalgae were rapidly thawed out and subcultured. The percentage of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates was analyzed using absorption spectrophotometry and the organic matter was studied by gravimetric analysis. Results. There was no significant variation between the proximate composition of C. calcitrans cryopreserved and the controls (p>0.05). Conclusion. Our results show that, despite low cell recovery after the preservation of this organism at low temperatures, there is no apparent loss of nutritional characteristics caused by the storing process at low temperatures. RESUMEN Objetivo. En este estudio se evaluó el efecto de la técnica de criopreservación sobre la composición proximal de la microalga Chaetoceros calcitrans. Materiales y métodos. C. calcitrans fue cultivada y criopreservada empleando dimetilsulfóxido al 5% (v/v) como crioprotector. La congelación fue controlada a una tasa de 3°C/min, hasta llegar a -60°C y luego las microalgas fueron sumergidas en nitrógeno líquido (-196°C). Posteriormente, las microalgas fueron descongeladas de manera rápida y nuevamente cultivadas. Seguidamente se analizó la cantidad porcentual de proteínas, lípidos y carbohidratos, empleando espectrofotometría de absorción y la materia orgánica por gravimetría. Resultados. Los resultados indicaron que la composición proximal posterior a la criopreservación no evidencia diferencias significativas respecto a los controles no criopreservados (p>0.05). Conclusiones. Los resultados indican que pese a la baja viabilidad post-criopreservación de C. calcitrans, no hay pérdida aparente de la composición nutricional debida al almacenamiento a bajas temperaturas.
Olympic Games Rio 2016 and the uninvited viruses: Potential consequences for Europe and North America
Authors: V Salim Mattar , Tous Marco González
Published: August 2016

In the Latin American tropics, we have witnessed the emergence of several pathogenic arboviruses in the last decade. These include Yellow Fever, West Nile virus, St. Louis encephalitis, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, Mayaro, Oropouche, Ilheus, and most recently, Chikungunya and Zika. Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), microcephaly and all the encephalitides, have been of concern to public health officials in Latin America since the arrival of emerging arboviruses. ¡Don‘t forget about dengue! Between 2014 and 2015 we received two unexpected and uninvited viruses: Chikungunya and Zika. Chikungunya, an alphavirus, appeared abruptly in developing countries of the Americas, revealing that we were not prepared to face it. While we were still recovering from Chikungunya, Zika virus arrived, only compounding the insult. One cannot imagine the potential impact of the introduction of a hemorrhagic virus of the likes of Marburg or Ebola in Latin America. This scenario would be catastrophic.
Use of probiotics in diets of animal or vegetable origin for broilers
Authors: Nunes Ricardo , Scherer Carina , Poveda P Angela , Da Silva Wagner , Appelt Matias , Bruno Luis
Published: August 2016

Objetivo. Evaluar el uso de probióticos en dietas con ingredientes de origen animal o vegetal sobre las variables productivas de pollos de engorde de 1 a 42 días de edad. Materiales y métodos. Fueron utilizados 1056 pollitos de un día de edad, machos de linaje Ross 308, distribuidos en un diseño experimental completamente al azar en un arreglo factorial 2X4 (dieta de origen animal o vegetal) y cuatro promotores (antibiótico, dos probióticos y un control negativo) con 6 repeticiones y 22 aves por unidad. Resultados. A los 7 días de edad hubo diferencia (p<0.05) en el consumo diario de alimento, peso y ganancia de peso y a los 14 días para peso, ganancia de peso y mortalidad entre las dietas. La conversión alimenticia de 1 a 7 días tuvo interacción (p<0.05) entre los tipos de dieta y los promotores. Hubo diferencia (p<0.05) para el peso y la ganancia de peso a los 14 días de edad entre los promotores. A los 21 días de edad la mortalidad presentó diferencia (p<0.05) para el tipo de dietas; el peso, ganancia de peso, consuno diario de alimento y conversión alimenticia presentaron diferencia para los promotores. A los 28, 35 y 42 días de edad la mortalidad y el índice de eficiencia productiva presentaron diferencia (p<0.05) entre el tipo de dietas. Conclusiones. El tipo de dieta y de promotor de crecimiento no afectan las variables productivas; sin embargo, la viabilidad mejora con las dietas de origen animal.Objective. Evaluate the use of probiotics in diets whit ingredients of animal or vegetable origin in production variables of broilers from 1 to 42 days of age. Materials and Methods. Were used 1056 one-day-old chicks, male, of lineage Ross 308, divided in to an experimental randomized design in 2X4 factorial arrangement, two origin of diet (animal or vegetable) and four promoters (antibiotic, two probiotics and a negative control) whit 6 replicates and 22 birds per unit. Results. At 7 days old there was a difference (p<0.05) in daily food intake, weight and weight gain and 14 days for weight, weight gain and mortality among diets. The feed conversion of 1-7 days did interaction (p<0.05) between types of diet and promoters. There was a difference (p<0.05) for weight and weight gain at 14 days of age between promoters. At 21 days of age presented mortality difference (p<0.05) for the type of diets; weight, weight gain, daily feed together and feed conversion showed difference for 5337 developers. At 28, 35 and 42 days old mortality and productive efficiency index showed difference (p<0.05) between the types of diets. Conclusions. The type of diet and growth promoter did not affect production variables, however, the viability improvement animal diets.
Monitoring rumen environment in finishing Lidia bulls
Authors: García G Juan , Posado F Raquel , Zúñiga José , Tabernero de Paz R María , Bodas R Raúl
Published: August 2016

Objective. The aim of this work was to characterize the changes in rumen pH and temperature in finishing Lidia breed bulls reared on pasture and fed a total mixed ration (TMR). Materials and methods. Five 4-year-old Lidia bulls received approximately 10 kg of the TMR per animal and day in the morning. Bulls could move freely in a 17-ha fenced area and express normally their feeding behaviour. Internal wireless boluses were used to collect pH and temperature values every 10 minutes throughout the measurement period. Results. Average daily pH was 6.2. Average and maximum daily temperatures were not high enough to be indicative of disease (infections of other pathologies). Conclusions. When rations and feeding systems are appropriately managed, Lidia bulls can be supplemented with concentrates in the finishing stages of their productive cycle without impairing the rumen environment.Objetivo. El presente trabajo pretendió caracterizar las modificaciones que se producen en el pH y la temperatura ruminal de los toros de lidia, criados con un sistema de alimentación basado en el suministro de una mezcla unifeed seca durante la etapa de acabado. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron 5 toros cuatreños de la raza de Lidia alimentados con, aproximadamente, 10 kg/animal y día de la mezcla unifeed a primera hora de la mañana. Los toros disponían de un espacio cercado de 17 ha, que les permitiría expresar sus patrones de comportamiento de pastoreo en libertad con plena normalidad. El pH y la temperatura ruminal se midió de forma continua utilizando una sonda interna sin cables. Resultados. El pH medio fue de 6.20. Ni los valores de temperatura ruminal medios ni los máximos registrados son excesivamente altos como para ser indicativos del desarrollo de patologías o infecciones que pudieran afectar al estado de los animales. Conclusiones. Mediante el manejo adecuado de las raciones y del sistema de alimentación, puede llevarse a cabo una suplementación con alimentos concentrados para toros de lidia en la fase de remate de manera adecuada y respetuosa con su ambiente ruminal.
Serological evaluation of bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5 in cattle-breeding systems on Colombia’s high plains
Authors: Vargas B Diana , Bohórquez G Alejandro , Parra A Jorge , C Jairo Jaime , Góngora O Agustín
Published: August 2016

Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of Bovine herpesvirus – 1 (BoHV- 1) and Bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) neutralizing antibodies in herds on the Colombian high plains and their correlation with the level of cross-protection against both herpesviruses. Materials and methods. This study was carried out on cattle farms located around the towns of Puerto López and Puerto Gaitán in Colombia’s Meta department. Sampling was made by convenience. Twenty-three farms were involved in the study; 488 sera samples were taken by random sampling. Virus neutralization test were performed according to the protocols of the OIE. Each serum was evaluated independently for each virus, BoHV-1 and BoHV-5. Results. The serological test confirmed the presence of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 infections in the Colombian bovine population in 100% and 73.9% respectively. However, crossreaction for both viruses was not evident in all farms evaluated. Conclusions. Alpha-herpesviruses are amongst the most significant infectious agents affecting cattle. Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is found throughout the whole world and is endemic in Colombian bovine population, whereas bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) has limited geographical distribution, mainly being reported in South-America (Brazil and Argentina), and we also confirmed the presence of BoHV-5 in Colombia.Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la presencia de anticuerpos para herpesvirus bovino 1 (BoHV-1) y herpesvirus bovino 5 (BoHV-5), así como también determinar el nivel de protección cruzada contra los dos herpesvirus en hatos de la altillanura colombiana. Materiales y métodos. Este estudio se realizó en fincas ubicadas en los municipios de Puerto López y Puerto Gaitán departamento del Meta. Se realizó un muestreo por conveniencia. Se emplearon 23 fincas, donde se realizó un muestreo al azar en cada una para un total de 488 muestras. Las muestras de suero fueron analizadas mediante sero-neutralización viral empleando los protocolos de la OIE. Cada uno de los sueros fue evaluado de manera independiente para cada uno de los virus BoHV-1 y BoHV-5. Resultados. Mediante la sero-neutralización viral se confirmó la presencia de BoHV-1 y BoHV-5 en la población bovina colombiana en 100% y 73.9%, respectivamente. Sin embargo, la reactividad 2016 cruzada no fue evidente en todas las fincas evaluadas. Conclusiones. Los alfa-herpesvirus bovinos se encuentran entre los agentes infecciosos más importantes del ganado bovino. Particularmente, el herpesvirus bovino 1 (BoHV-1) presenta una distribución mundial, siendo endémico en la población bovina colombiana, mientras que el herpesvirus bovino 5 (BoHV-5), presenta una distribución geográfica limitada; reportándose principalmente en Suramérica (Brasil y Argentina), comprobándose la presencia de este en los hatos colombianos.
Coat genetic markers of the domestic cat Felis catus (Felidae) from southwestern Colombia
Authors: Peñuela A Mauricio , Pardo P Enrique , García M Víctor Hugo , Cárdenas H Heiber
Published: August 2016

Objectives. Establish the genetic profiles of cats from 12 neighboring municipalities in southwestern Colombia, in a town course from Pereira-Popayán. Estimate the degree of diversity, genetic structure, and quantify gene flow. Materials and methods. Were inventoried the phenotypic markers present in the pigmentation and structure of the coat of 1482 cats of the municipalities surveyed. Based on these phenotypic frequencies, allele frequencies, heterozygosity, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, F statistics and Nei genetic distances were calculated. A comparison was also made between genetic and geographic distance matrices to determine if there was a significant association between the two. Results. With the genetic profiles of the populations we estimated the degree of diversity. We found the populations in equilibrium for the S autosomal locus and for the O sex-linked locus. We found a low level genetic structure, and it was determined that there was no significant correlation between the genetic and geographic distance matrices among populations. Conclusions: These findings can be explained on the basis of the processes of human displacement for this region, due to the fact that the establishment of feline populations in these municipalities originated during the same historical period. Identical genetic profiles are shared as a result of colonization events, and due to possible continued migration among these populations.Objetivos. Determinar los perfiles genéticos de los gatos de 12 municipios contiguos del suroccidente colombiano en un trayecto Pereira-Popayán; estimar el grado de diversidad, estructura genética y cuantificar el flujo de genes. Materiales y métodos. Se inventariaron los marcadores fenotípicos presentes en la pigmentación y estructura del pelaje de 1482 gatos de los municipios estudiados, con base en estas frecuencias fenotípicas se calcularon frecuencias alélicas, heterocigosidad, equilibrio Hardy-Weinberg, el estadístico FST y distancias genéticas de Nei. También se realizó una comparación entre matrices de distancia genética y geográfica para determinar si existía asociación significativa entre las dos. Resultados. Con los perfiles genéticos de las poblaciones se estimó el grado de diversidad, se halló en equilibrio Hardy-Weinberg a las poblaciones para el locus autosómico S y el locus ligado al sexo O. Se encontró bajo nivel de estructura genética y se determinó que no existe correlación significativa entre las matrices de distancia genética y geográfica entre poblaciones. Conclusiones. Estos hallazgos se pueden explicar con base en los procesos de desplazamiento humano para esta región, debido a que el establecimiento de poblaciones felinas en estos municipios se originó en el mismo período histórico. Se comparten perfiles genéticos idénticos como resultado, posiblemente, de eventos de colonización y migración continua entre estas poblaciones.
Therapeutic efficacy of Chymotrypsin in acute bovine mastitis
Authors: Leal G Marco
Published: August 2016

Objetivo. Evaluar la eficacia terapéutica del fármaco proteolítico “quimotripsina”, en tratamientos conjuntos con un antibiótico betalactámico en vacas con mastitis aguda. Material y métodos. Se evaluaron el conteo de células somáticas (CCS) y los hallazgos semiológicos, comparando la eficacia con un grupo de animales en donde sólo fue utilizado el antibiótico. Resultados. Los resultados revelaron eficacia clínica (disminución del CCS, p<0.01) y ausencia de signos clínicos agudos en el 84.7% de los cuartos observados, incluso observándose respuesta anti-inflamatoria desde las primeras horas del tratamiento. El restante 15.3% también presentó eficacia clínica a la terapia aunque la respuesta fue moderada en comparación con el 84.7% de los casos que tuvieron la respuesta acelerada. Conclusiones. Lo anterior permite concluir que el uso de quimotripsina en casos de mastitis aguda, acelera la respuesta en la glándula mamaria infectada e inflamada, con mayor eficacia que los tratamientos con sólo amoxicilina + ácido clavulánico.Objective. To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of a proteolytic drug “chymotrypsin” combined with beta-lactam antibiotics in cows with acute mastitis. Material and Methods. Fourteen cows with acute mastitis. Three cows were treated with a beta-latam antibiotic (BLA) and the other eleven cows were treated with chymotrypsin plus beta-lactam antibiotic (C+BLA). The response was evaluated according to the semiological findings, somatic cell count (SCC) and a microbiological culture. Results. There was a therapeutic efficacy comparing the pre and post treatment period (SCC reduction, p<0.01) and a reduction of clinical signs in 84.7% of treated quarters in the first day of treatment (C+BLA) compared with (BLA). Conclusions. Chymotrypsin improves the treatment of acute mastitis when is combined with BLA, controlling the infected mammary glands, compared with the group treated only with amoxicilina and clavulanic acid.
Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu Nifas tentang Infeksi Jahitan Perineum di RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul
Authors: Kirnantoro Kirnantoro , Rahmawati Nur Indah , Muharomah Iyoy Siti
Published: August 2016

Demographic Health Survey Indonesia in 2012, maternal mortality (AKI) is still high 359/100,000 live births, while the target of the MDGs by 2015, AKI can be reduced to 102 per 100,000 live births (SDKI, 2012). The direct cause of maternal mortality in Indonesia is bleeding (28%), eklamsi (24%), infection (11%), birth time (5%) and abort (5%) (Department of Health, 2010). The Purpose of this descriptive quantitative research is to identify the level of knowledge of childbearing mother on perineal suture infection in Panembahan Senopati Hospital, Bantul. This study was conducted at the hospital panembahan senopati bantul on 14-29 June 2014 with 38 samples determined by accidental sampling techniques. Research instrument used in this study was questioner. The result was of 30 respondents unrisk age (78,94%);respondent with the parity more than one children was 23 or 60,52%; mostly respondents were graduated from high school at 23 (60,52%); they were mostly household at 32 people (84,21%); and respondents had good level of knowledge on perineal infection at 26 people (68,42%). Conclusion, postpartum mothers in Panembahan Senopati Hospital have good level of knowledge on perineal suture infection.
Perbedaan Kualitas Tidur Lansia yang Tinggal Bersama Keluarga dengan Lansia di PSTW
Authors: Nabil Muhammad Ischaq , Sulistyarini Wahyu Dewi
Published: August 2016

Ageing process has led to physical and functional changing, as well as mental and psychosocial. The sleeping need has also changing as long as ageing. Sleeping quality is inﬂ uenced by several factors including circumstances and living place. The purpose of this research is to compare sleeping quality elderly living with family at Dukuh Kajen Bantul with those living at PSTW Budi Luhur Yogyakarta. This quantitative non experimental study used cross-sectional design. Independent variable in this research was livin place, while dependent variable was sleeping quality on elderly. Data was tested using chi-square and the result was those who lives with family mostly having less sleeping quality at 55 people (49,6%), whereas, quality of sleeping older people lives in PSTW was 41 people (66,1%). Elders who have categorized as less sleeping quality mostly living with family (44,1%) compared with 24,2% who live in PSTW Budi Luhur Yogyakarta. The value Chi-Square was X=6.852 with p value= 0.033. Conclusion, there was signiﬁcant differences on quality of sleeping elderly living with family and living in PSTW Budi Luhur.
Hubungan Frekuensi Kunjungan Antenatal Care (ANC) dengan Kejadian Prematur
Authors: Utami Evi Esti , Ernawati Susi , Irwanti Winda
Published: August 2016

The cause of infant mortality is mostly due to perinatal matters. Almost 2-27% of all perinatal death is caused by prematurity with low birth weight (BBLR). Reducing mortality rate on perinatal can be achieved by observing all pregnant women and ﬁ nding as well as addressing inﬂ uenced factors of neonatal safety. This research aims to identify correlation between frequencies of Antenatal Care (ANC) with incidence of prematurity. This is an observational study with case-control design using retrospective approach. Total population was 1335 and of 156 was choosen as research respondents deviding into 78 as case respondents and 78 as control groups. The result of statistic analysis showed that p value=0,837 (p>0,05) means frequencies of ANC did not have correlation with prematurity. Conclusion, (1) during the period of 1 January 2011 and 29 February 2012, it found 207 (8,13%) premature baby delivered, (2) at about 80,8% mother who delivered premature baby had normal ANC 4 times or more with the pattern 1-1-2 in every semester, (3) statistically ANC was not having correlation with premature baby.
Efektivitas Pelatihan Patient Safety; Komunikasi S-BAR pada Perawat dalam Menurunkan Kesalahan Pemberian Obat Injeksi di Rumah Sakit PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Unit II
Authors: Fatimah Fatma Siti , Rosa Elsye Maria
Published: August 2016

Health services provided in the hospital are likely to cause patient safety incidents which are adverse patient. The most incidents occurred in Indonesia are errors drug administration. Incidents can be prevented, one of them by training nurses on patient safety with S-BAR approach communications. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of patient safety training; S-BAR communication in reducing injection drug administration errors in PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital in Yogyakarta Unit II. The type of research pre-experiment with the design of one group pretest-posttest design. Respondents were taken by purposive sampling technique, which total of 32 nurses who fulﬁlled the inclusion criteria. This study used the observation sheet instruments of 10 true principle of injection drug delivery. Analyzed by Wilcoxon test. After the training of patient safety: the SBAR communication given to nurses, there were signiﬁ cant differences in injection drug administration errors based on the principle really patient, route, medicine, time, assessment, information and evaluation (p<0.05), but no signiﬁ cant differences in principle correct dose, expired and documentation (p> 0.05). Conclusions and suggestions: patient safety training; SBAR communication on nurses wasc reduced injection drug administration errors effectively in PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital Unit II Yogyakarta based on the principle of right of patients, service, medicine, time, assessment, information and evaluation. Suggested Hospital to provide periodic training to all health workers, considering the creation of a patient safety culture is the responsibility of all parties in the Hospital. Thus increase the productivity of health workers as well as the creation of a patient safety culture.
Korelasi Penambahan Berat Badan Diantara Dua Waktu Dialisis denganKualitas Hidup Pasien Menjalani Hemodialisa
Authors: Wahyuni Wahyuni , Irwanti Winda , Indrayana Sofyan
Published: August 2016

Hemodialysis is a static treatment to substitute kidney function. Without a substitute therapy for kidney, a death as a results of metabolic abnormality can occur rapidly. Common issues on clients undergoing hemodialysis are gaining body weight in between two times dialysis which can affect the quality of life of patients if it is not get the good treatment. This research aimed to identify corelations weight gain in between the two time of dialysis to the quality of life of patients with chronic renal failure who underwent hemodialysis in RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul. This was a descriptive correlation study with cross-sectional design, samples were taken with accidental sampling technique consisted of 61 people. Data were analized by Kendal Tau Test(τ). The results of the statistics kendal tau (τ) indicated its value pearson kendal tau (-0,009) with p value 0,938, the ﬁ gures were larger than standard signiﬁcance α: 0.05, thats mean the hypothesis of this research was rejected. Conclusion, there was no a signiﬁ cant corelation weight gaining in between two time of dialysis to the quality of life of patients with chronic renal failure who underwent hemodialysis in RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul.