bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Characterization of Dual-Loaded Niosomal Ion-Sensitive In Situ Gel for Ocular Delivery
Authors: Gugleva Viliana , Mihaylova Rositsa , Kamenova Katya , Zheleva-Dimitrova Dimitrina , Stefanova Denitsa , Tzankova Virginia , Zaharieva Maya Margaritova , Najdenski Hristo , Forys Aleksander , Trzebicka Barbara , Petrov Petar D. , Momekova Denitsa
Published: December 2024

The study investigates the development and characterization of dual-loaded niosomes incorporated into ion-sensitive in situ gel as a potential drug delivery platform for ophthalmic application. Cannabidiol (CBD) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) simultaneously loaded niosomes were prepared via the thin film hydration (TFH) method followed by pulsatile sonication and were subjected to comprehensive physicochemical evaluation. The optimal composition was included in a gellan gum-based in situ gel, and the antimicrobial activity, in vitro toxicity in a suitable corneal epithelial model (HaCaT cell line), and antioxidant potential of the hybrid system were further assessed. Dual-loaded niosomes based on Span 60, Tween 60, and cholesterol (3.5:3.5:3 mol/mol) were characterized by appropriate size (250 nm), high entrapment efficiency values for both compounds (85% for CBD and 50% for EGCG) and sustained release profiles. The developed hybrid in situ gel exhibited suitable rheological characteristics to enhance the residence time on the ocular surface. The conducted microbiological studies reveal superior inhibition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) adhesion by means of the niosomal in situ gel compared to the blank gel and untreated control. Regarding the antioxidant potential, the dual loading of CBD and EGCG in niosomes enhances their protective properties, and the inclusion of niosomes in gel form preserves these effects. The obtained outcomes indicate the developed niosomal in situ gel as a promising drug delivery platform in ophthalmology.
Supporting Nursing Staff During Crises: Impact of Organisational Support Measures and Resources in Job Satisfaction in German Nursing Homes
Authors: Diehl Elisabeth , Hirschmüller Anna , Wege Aline , Nienhaus Albert , Dietz Pavel
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic placed an immense burden on nursing home staff, significantly increasing their workload. How the impact of these challenges on job satisfaction is mitigated by personal and social resources, along with organisational support measures initiated by nursing homes, is investigated in this study. Methods: In 2021, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among nursing home staff in Rhineland-Palatinate (n = 373). The questionnaire contained parts of standardised instruments (parts of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ), Brief Resilience Scale) and self-developed questions related to support measures such as training, psychological support and work organisation changes. The association of these support measures, as well as personal and social resources (e.g., resilience, social support, sense of community), with job satisfaction was explored. Descriptive, bivariate and regression analyses were conducted. Results: While various support measures were offered to the nursing home staff, significant gaps remained. Training on hygiene and COVID-19 care was beneficial but not universally available. Similarly, psychological, pastoral and palliative support was lacking for a large portion of nursing home staff. Surprisingly, in the regression analysis, frequent information updates from supervisors were found to be negatively correlated with job satisfaction (p = 0.002). However, some personal and social resources (resilience (p = 0.002), social support (p = 0.001), sense of community at work (p ≤ 0.001), commitment to the workplace (p = 0.019), recognition by management (p ≤ 0.001)), and various support measures (training programmes (p = 0.005), changes in work organisation (p = 0.008), technical measures (p = 0.025)) were positively correlated with job satisfaction. Conclusions: This study highlights that despite the implementation of various support measures for nursing home staff during the COVID-19 pandemic, significant gaps remained. Notably, a substantial portion of staff members lacked access to crucial support services such as psychological, pastoral and palliative care. Furthermore, healthcare facility managers should prioritise the following support measures, especially during crises: comprehensive training, including resilience training; flexible working arrangements; and recognition for nursing staff. Ultimately, healthcare organisations should aim to create a supportive work environment that fosters a sense of community and belonging among their nursing workforce.
Immune-Related Adverse Events in a Patient Treated with Pembrolizumab: A Case Report from the Point of View of a Geriatrician
Authors: Oft Philipp , Gosch Markus , Pollari Francesco
Published: December 2024

We report the case of a 78-year-old female patient who received palliative immunotherapy with pembrolizumab and lenvatinib as a treatment of pulmonary and osseous metastatic endometrial carcinoma. Under this therapy, the patient developed dysphagia, thyroiditis with hypothyroidism, myositis, and myocarditis, which required, due to third-degree AV block, the installation of a pacemaker. The patient received high-dose cortisone therapy, a thyroid hormone substitution, and pyridostigmine for symptom control. With this therapy, we saw a significant but not complete regression of symptoms. Ultimately, we could discharge the patient home for an outpatient treatment. The case report is followed by a discussion of the management of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) during pembrolizumab therapy from a geriatric perspective. Elderly patients on pembrolizumab therapy require close monitoring for irAEs, which can present atypically or without symptoms and may be fatal. Non-invasive diagnostics and minimizing hospital stays are essential to preserve the fitness of this vulnerable population.
Recognizing Distress in Cancer Patients in Day Hospital, by Trained Nurses vs. Non-Trained Nurses: A Pilot Study
Authors: Iacorossi Laura , Falcicchio Chiara , Gambalunga Francesca , Taraborelli Emanuela , Maggi Gabriella , Terrenato Irene , Petrone Fabrizio , Caruso Anita , Perrone Maria
Published: December 2024

Background: Psychological distress impacts 35–40% of cancer patients, significantly affecting their quality of life, treatment adherence, and relationships with healthcare professionals. Given this, there is a critical need to enhance nursing competencies to effectively monitor and address psychological distress. Previous studies have highlighted discrepancies in capabilities based on nurses’ training status, emphasizing trained nurses’ critical role in providing appropriate psycho–social referrals. Objective: To evaluate the impact that trained nurses have on the detection of distress and the timely referral of patients for a psycho–oncology consultation. Methods: A blinded, random, descriptive, monocentric pilot study was conducted. The participants were adult patients in Day Hospital 1 of the National Cancer Institute Regina Elena, Rome, irrespective of illness stage. Tools used included a socio-demographic and clinical data form, distress thermometer (DT), and visual analogic scale (VAS). Patients were randomly divided into two groups: Group A, where questionnaires were administered by trained nurses, and Group B, where non-trained nurses administered questionnaires. Nurses indicated whether patients needed a psycho–oncology consultation. All patients were then seen by a psycho–oncology specialist to determine whether the nurse’s referral was appropriate. Patients and psycho–oncologists were all unaware of the nurses’ training status. The effectiveness of the training was measured by the degree of agreement between evaluators. Results: This study involved 20 patients and four nurses. The average DT score was 5, mainly related to physical and emotional problems. Agreement between evaluators was higher in the trained nurses’ group. Conclusions: Specific training on DT enabled nurses to acquire advanced skills to accurately refer patients for psychological consultations.
Insulin Resistance and Bone Mineral Density: A Comprehensive Examination Using UK Biobank Data
Authors: Hung Yu-Tun , Yu Tsong-Han , Alizargar Javad
Published: December 2024

Purpose: The association between insulin resistance (IR) and bone mineral density (BMD) remains contentious. The aim of this study is to assess the predictive capability of the Triglyceride and Glucose (TyG) index concerning changes in bone mineral density, encompassing both deterioration and improvement. Methods: This study analyzed data from the UK Biobank, encompassing 2527 participants after exclusions. Logistic models and ANOVA were employed, with propensity score matching addressing the effects of age, BMI, and sex. The TyG index was calculated using this formula: Ln (triglyceride [mg/dL] × glucose [mg/dL]/2). Results: Initially, a positive correlation was observed between the TyG index and BMD measures. However, upon adjustment for age, sex, and BMI, this association lost significance. Propensity score matching further indicated no inverse relationship between the TyG index and osteoporosis development. Conclusions: Although the TyG index demonstrated a positive correlation with BMD, caution is warranted due to potential confounding by age, sex, and BMI. Notably, the TyG index alone did not predict changes in T-score or osteoporosis status.
Registered Nurse Staffing and Inpatient Outcomes in Korean Long-Term Care Hospitals
Authors: Shin Sujin , Yoon Jung Min , Moon Eun-Ju , Lee Mi-Ji , Park Jin-Hwa
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: There is a relative lack of specific research on registered nurse (RN) staffing in long-term care hospitals in the Republic of Korea. This study investigated the association between RN staffing levels and inpatient outcomes in long-term care hospitals in the Republic of Korea. Methods: Nationwide data of long-term care hospitals from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Services website were used to analyze the association between registered nurse staffing levels and 7 inpatient outcome indicators. Results: The results indicated that in long-term care hospitals with higher RN staffing levels, there was an improvement in moderate-to-severe pain, activities of daily living enhancement, lower prevalence of indwelling catheters, reduction in the incidence of pressure ulcers, improvement in existing pressure ulcers, and increased rate of return to the community. Similar results were observed in analyses conducted according to disease classification groups. Conclusions: These findings suggest that increasing RN staffing levels can enhance patient safety and improve treatment outcomes. Furthermore, this study provided important foundational data for developing policies to optimize RN staffing in long-term care hospitals in the Republic of Korea.
Effect of a Health Education Intervention to Reduce Fear of Falling and Falls in Older People: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial Protocol
Authors: Alcolea-Ruiz Nuria , López-López Candelas , Pérez-Pérez Teresa , Alcolea Sonia ,   FEARFALL_CARE Clinical Care Group, Pérez-Rivas Francisco Javier
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Fear of falling (FOF) and falls are prevalent issues among older adults, leading to activity restriction, decreased quality of life, and increased dependency. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a nurse-led health education intervention to reduce FOF and fall incidence in older adults within primary care settings. Methods: This two-arm, multicenter, parallel, cluster-randomized clinical trial includes ten primary care centers in Spain and will enroll 150 adults over 65 years with FOF, mild or no functional dependence, and independent ambulation. Participants will be randomized to either the intervention group, which will receive five initial group education sessions led by community nurses and a booster session at six months, or the control group, which will receive usual care. Primary outcomes include FOF, assessed using the Short Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), and fall incidence. Data collection will occur at baseline, one month, six months, and twelve months post intervention. This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee for Research with Medicinal Products at Gregorio Marañón University Hospital in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Expected Outcomes: The health education intervention is expected to significantly reduce both FOF and fall incidence, supporting the integration of FOF management in routine primary care for older adults, with potential benefits for safety and quality of life. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05889910. The study protocol follows CONSORT and SPIRIT guidelines.
The Socioeconomic Impact of Transport Costs for Adult Patients Requiring Haemodialysis: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Gröble Sabrina , Bilger Jana , Britt Chantal , Kaspar Heidi , Herzig Sabine , Schmitt Kai-Uwe
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Patients requiring haemodialysis often perceive the cost of their travels to the dialysis centres as a significant burden. The study aimed to collect a first Swiss national data set on transport costs and assess their impact on patients and their relatives. Methods: In addition to interviews with patients, a quantitative survey was developed and distributed online using a voluntary sampling strategy. Data were analysed by means of descriptive statistics. A Sounding Board of patients, relatives, and healthcare professionals accompanied all steps of the project. Results: A total of 6 dialysis patients were interviewed; 437 respondents of the national survey met the inclusion criteria. Patients travel a median distance of 7.5 km to their dialysis centres. For 78% of them, the journey takes up to 30 min, and nearly half use their private car as their main mode of transport. The median annual transport costs are CHF 2925 (mean = CHF 5041). Approximately half of the patients perceive transport costs as a burden or limitation, yet only about 30% receive financial support, for which there is no standard process. Patients requiring financial support reported difficulties navigating the system. Conclusions: This study highlighted that many dialysis patients are burdened by transport costs and receive limited financial support and counselling services. Implementation of a standardised process for financial support should be explored.
A Reflective Evaluation of Current Built-Heritage Management in Hong Kong
Authors: Chan Cheryl , Laing Richard , Zecca Cecilia
Published: December 2024

The development of policy and practice concerning architectural heritage conservation has been a growing subject in Hong Kong, leading to both top-down policies and bottom-up reactions in the community. In times of conflict, there is an opportunity for both the government and the public to reflect and rediscover their engagement in heritage conservation. This paper evaluates the current policies of Hong Kong’s heritage conservation and the dynamic interactions among stakeholders in the decision-making processes of heritage management. Moreover, it investigates through focus groups, in-depth interviews, and case studies, the impact of the existing architectural and heritage policies, and how the latter correlates with the public’s expectation of heritage conservation and management. The paper finally proposes a more collaborative and inclusive approach where the public’s voice is included in decision-making from the early stages of the process.
Genetic Diversity Analysis of Apple Germplasm Resources Based on Phenotypic Traits
Authors: Li Zichen , Sun Simiao , Wang Lin , Tian Wen , Sun Yanming , Wang Dajiang , Wang Kun , Liu Zhao , Lu Xiang , Gao Yuan
Published: December 2024

Apple germplasm resources can be divided into 35 species (taxonomy) and further categorized as wild germplasms, landraces, and cultivars (germplasm type-based classification). Analyses of the variations in apple fruit phenotypic traits among species and germplasm resources revealed the underlying genetic diversity in apple germplasm resources. The study data provide a foundation for the research on apple fruit quality and for promoting the efficient use of apple germplasm resources. Six fruit phenotypic traits of 185 apple germplasm resources preserved in the National Repository of Pear and Apple Germplasm Resources (Xingcheng) were recoded, organized, and analyzed. The six fruit traits of apple germplasm resources varied. The rank order of fruit traits in terms of the degree of variation was as follows (highest to lowest): fruit weight, vitamin C, titratable acidity, fruit hardness, soluble solids, and soluble sugar. Correlation and principal component analyses indicated that fruit firmness, soluble solids, and soluble sugar were major traits that can represent the six fruit phenotypic traits. The six fruit traits differed between and within groups. A hierarchical cluster analysis based on the average coefficient of variation (CV) for each phenotype divided the 185 apple germplasm resources into five groups. The examined apple germplasm resources had diverse fruit phenotypic traits, with the highest CV for fruit weight, indicative of abundant genetic variations underlying the differences between germplasm types. Variations in fruit weight, fruit firmness, soluble solids, and soluble sugar were greater for wild germplasms than for landraces and cultivars. Because fruit firmness and soluble sugar were continuously targeted during long-term artificial selection, the CVs for these fruit traits were significantly lower for cultivars than for wild germplasms.
Adapting the National Financial Capability Test to Address Generational Differences in Cognitive Biases
Authors: Da Silva Sergio , Paraboni Ana , Matsushita Raul
Published: December 2024

This study examined the influence of cognitive biases on financial literacy test outcomes across four generational groups: Gen Z, Millennials, Gen X, and Baby Boomers. Using the National Financial Capability Test and an online in silico experiment, we analyzed how cognitive biases influence the likely responses of each generation. The results indicate that the current test format aligns more closely with Baby Boomers, who are less affected by certain biases but tend to exhibit resistance to new financial strategies. A key contribution of this research is the identification of generational bias profiles and actionable recommendations for tailoring financial literacy assessments to reflect these differences. Our approach not only advances behavioral finance literature but also introduces innovative methodology through AI-driven simulations, providing a replicable framework for exploring cognitive influences in decision-making. The findings underscore the need for tailored financial education programs that consider these cognitive biases, aiming to foster unbiased financial decision-making across age groups.
Classification of English Words into Grammatical Notations Using Deep Learning Technique
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Qureshi Sajjad Hussain , Qureshi Abrar Hussain , Almusharraf Norah
Published: December 2024

The impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on English language learning has become the center of attention in the past few decades. This study, with its potential to transform English language instruction and offer various instructional approaches, provides valuable insights and knowledge. To fully grasp the potential advantages of AI, more research is needed to improve, validate, and test AI algorithms and architectures. Grammatical notations provide a word’s information to the readers. If a word’s images are properly extracted and categorized using a CNN, it can help non-native English speakers improve their learning habits. The classification of parts of speech into different grammatical notations is the major problem that non-native English learners face. This situation stresses the need to develop a computer-based system using a machine learning algorithm to classify words into proper grammatical notations. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was applied to classify English words into nine classes: noun, pronoun, adjective, determiner, verb, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection. A simulation of the selected model was performed in MATLAB. The model achieved an overall accuracy of 97.22%. The CNN showed 100% accuracy for pronouns, determiners, verbs, adverbs, and prepositions; 95% for nouns, adjectives, and conjunctions; and 90% for interjections. The significant results (p < 0.0001) of the chi-square test supported the use of the CNN by non-native English learners. The proposed approach is an important source of word classification for non-native English learners by putting the word image into the model. This not only helps beginners in English learning but also helps in setting standards for evaluating documents.
Synthesis Comparative Electrochemistry and Spectroelectrochemistry of Metallocenyl β-Diketonato Dicarbonyl Complexes of Rhodium(I)—Cytotoxicity of [Rh(FcCOCHCOCF3)(CO)2]
Authors: Fourie Eleanor , Niemantsverdriet J. W. (Hans) , Swarts Jannie C.
Published: December 2024

The metallocenyl-containing β-diketonato rhodium(I) dicarbonyl complexes of [Rh(FcCOCHCOR)(CO)2] where R = CF3, 10; Fc = ferrocenyl = FeII(C5H5)(C5H4), 11; Rc = ruthenocenyl = RuII(C5H5)(C5H4), 12; and Oc = osmocenyl = OsII(C5H5)(C5H4), 13 were synthesized. Complexes 10–13 were then subjected to an electrochemical study utilizing cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) in the non-coordinating solvent/supporting electrolyte medium CH2Cl2/0.1 mol dm−3 [N(nBu)4][B(C6F5)4]. The formal reduction potential for the electrochemical reversible Fc0/+ couples in 10–13 was identified in the range 0.156 ≤ Eo′ ≤ 0.328 V while the electrochemically irreversible osmocenyl and ruthenocenyl oxidations were observed at peak anodic potentials of Epa = 0.640 V and Epa = 0.751 V, respectively. Resolution between the closely overlapping CV-determined Fc0/+ and RhI/II couples was too poor for unambiguous measurement of the RhI/II redox potential, but square wave voltammetry allowed estimates of Eo′ (RhI/II) in the range 0.156 ≤ Eo′ ≤ 0.398 V. FT-IR spectroelectrochemistry confirmed the one-electron oxidation of RhI by the appearance of CO vibrational bands at stretching frequencies, which are associated with rhodium(II) and not rhodium(III). Cytotoxicity tests on 10 (IC50 = 19.2 µM) showed it to be substantially less cytotoxic than the free β-diketone, FcCOCH2COCF3, and [Rh(FcCOCHCOCF3)(cod)].
Potential Involvement of Buchnera aphidicola (Enterobacteriales, Enterobacteriaceae) in Biotype Differentiation of Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Lan Yanyan , Li Jingpeng , Zhang Shuo , Qin Qiuju , Liu Deguang , Luo Chen , Han Shipeng , Wang Da , He Yunzhuan
Published: December 2024

Buchnera aphidicola, an obligate endosymbiont of most aphid species, can influence aphids’ host adaptability through amino acid metabolism, potentially mediating biotype differentiation. However, its role in the biotype differentiation of Sitobion avenae remains unclear. To address this issue, six S. avenae biotypes were tested in this study. Buchnera abundance varied among biotypes fed on different wheat/barley varieties (i.e., Zhong 4 wumang, 186-TM12-34; Dulihuang, Zaoshu No.3, Xiyin No.2). The reduction in Buchnera abundance through antibiotic (rifampicin) treatment altered the virulence of five S. avenae biotypes. Based on transcriptome analysis, the differential expression of three genes (i.e., LeuB, TrpE, and IlvD) related to leucine, tryptophan, isoleucine, and valine metabolism was detected between different biotypes. Principal component analysis showed that leucine and tryptophan deficiencies most significantly impacted nymph development duration and aphid fecundity. Additionally, a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree indicated the genetic differentiation of Buchnera among different biotypes. These results suggest Buchnera-mediated amino acid metabolism is correlated with biotype differentiation in S. avenae, although the precise mechanisms by which Buchnera influences this differentiation require further investigation. This study can offer a theoretical basis for the development of resistant crops, leading to the sustainable control of this aphid and reduced reliance on chemical insecticides.
Navigating Economic Inequities: Neighborhood Relative Income and Depressive Symptoms in Later Life
Authors: Cho Seungjong
Published: December 2024

Depressive symptoms are influenced not only by absolute income but also by relative income, particularly among older adults. The present article, guided by relative deprivation theory and the relative position hypothesis, examines the relationship between neighborhood relative income and depressive symptoms in older adults. This study utilized a merged dataset from the American Community Survey data and the RAND Health and Retirement Study data (N = 3071; age 65+). Neighborhood relative income was measured by calculating the difference between the natural logarithm of an individual’s household income and the natural logarithm of the median household income in their Census tract and then dividing this difference by the natural logarithm of the median household income in the same tract. Negative binomial regression revealed a significant link between lower relative economic positions and more counts of depressive symptoms, even after controlling for individual and neighborhood covariates. These findings underscore the urgent need for social work interventions and policies that address the mental health impacts of economic inequities in older populations.
Sex-Based Disparities in Treatment and Healthcare Utilization in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shah Yash R. , Sebastian Sneha Annie , Dahiya Dushyant Singh , Gangwani Manesh Kumar , Satiya Jinendra , Rao Adishwar , Mansour Ramy , Ali Hassam , Al Ta’ani Omar , Inamdar Sumant , Ali Meer A. , Alomari Mohammad
Published: December 2024

Background: Sex-related treatment disparities are well-documented across various medical conditions, yet their impact on the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate sex-based differences in the management of ulcerative colitis (UC), focusing on both medical and surgical approaches and examining whether biological sex correlates with variations in healthcare utilization. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across multiple databases, including MEDLINE (via PubMed), Google Scholar, the Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect, to identify studies on sex differences in ulcerative colitis (UC) management up to April 2024. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4, with a random-effects model to combine odds ratios (OR) for both primary and secondary outcomes. The study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024537750). Results: The meta-analysis included eight observational studies involving 47,089 patients (51.9% females). There were no statistically significant sex differences in biologic therapy use (OR 0.89, 95% CI: 0.69 to 1.15, p = 0.36) or corticosteroid use (OR 1.17, 95% CI: 0.89 to 1.54, p = 0.27). However, females were less likely to use immunomodulators compared to males (OR 0.89, 95% CI: 0.85 to 0.94, p < 0.0001). There were no significant differences in surgical interventions, including total abdominal colectomy. Females had higher annual UC-related hospitalizations compared to males (OR 1.41, 95% CI: 1.22 to 1.64, p < 0.00001). Conclusions: In conclusion, while biologic and surgical treatments showed no significant sex differences, disparities were noted in immunomodulator use and hospitalization rates, underscoring the need for sex-specific UC management strategies.
Understanding Bone Density Loss in Eating Disorders: Contributions of Weight Suppression and Speed of Weight Loss
Authors: Todisco Patrizia , Meneguzzo Paolo
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Eating disorders (EDs), including anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED), are associated with bone density loss. Weight suppression (WS) and weight loss speed (WLS) are two critical weight-related factors that may influence bone health, yet their relationship with bone density remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the associations between WS, WLS, and bone density in individuals with EDs, focusing on total body and spinal bone density. Methods: We examined 270 individuals with EDs (AN: n = 187, BN: n = 57, BED: n = 26) at the onset of inpatient treatment. WS and WLS were calculated from weight history, and bone density was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Regression analyses were performed separately for each diagnosis. Results: In AN, both WS and WLS were significant predictors of total (p = 0.001) and spinal (p = 0.007) bone density. WS and WLS independently predicted total bone density, with WS significantly predicting spinal bone density. In BN and BED, only WLS showed significant associations with bone density. Minimum weight was a key predictor of bone density in AN, underscoring the importance of avoiding extremely low body weight. Conclusions: WS and WLS significantly affect bone density in AN, with WLS also predicting bone density in BN and BED. These findings highlight the need to monitor weight-related factors across ED populations. In AN, avoiding extremely low body weight is crucial for preserving bone health, while in BN and BED, managing WLS is key to mitigating bone density loss.
Ethanol Sclerotherapy for Endometriomas in Infertile Women: A Narrative Review
Authors: Şükür Yavuz Emre , Aslan Batuhan , Varlı Bulut , Özcan Pınar , Daniilidis Angelos , Kalaitzopoulos Dimitrios Rafail
Published: December 2024

Ethanol sclerotherapy (EST) has gained attention as a minimally invasive treatment option for ovarian endometriomas, particularly in infertile women with endometrioma undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). Endometriomas are associated with decreased ovarian reserve and impaired fertility outcomes, and traditional surgical approaches, such as cystectomy, often lead to further reductions in ovarian reserve. Ethanol sclerotherapy offers a potential alternative that preserves ovarian function while effectively managing endometriomas. This review examines the safety, efficacy, and impact of EST on ovarian reserve, IVF outcomes, and recurrence rates. Comparative studies suggest that pregnancy rates following EST are similar to or better than those after cystectomy, with the added benefit of more oocytes retrieved, which may lead to higher cumulative live birth rates. Despite these promising results, challenges such as recurrence and complications, particularly with prolonged ethanol exposure, remain. The use of transvaginal versus laparoscopic approaches and optimal ethanol exposure protocols are areas of ongoing research. The need for further large-scale, prospective studies is highlighted to refine the EST protocol and better understand the long-term outcomes. Sclerotherapy presents a feasible option for preserving fertility in women with endometriomas, with positive implications for IVF success and ovarian reserve preservation.
The Obtaining and Study of Composite Chromium-Containing Pigments from Technogenic Waste
Authors: Smailov Bakyt , Turakulov Bakhriddin , Kadirbayeva Almagul , Sarypbekova Nursulu , Issabayev Nurpeis , Oralbay Yerzhan
Published: December 2024

This article provides information on the processing of chromium-containing waste from the Aktobe ferroalloy compounds plant using chemical reagents followed by high-temperature heat treatment for the synthesis of a composite chromite pigment used in the textile industry. This technology was developed for the first time for the purpose of recycling industrial waste and rational use of natural resources. The obtained pigments were analyzed by the X-ray phase of a D878-PC75-17.0 incident beam monochromator and the phase composition of the composite chromite pigment was studied. The thermogravimetric analysis of the composite chromite pigments was performed using a TGA/DSC 1HT/319 analyzer to determine the change in mass with time and temperature. According to the TGA results, the mass loss was determined to be 0.18% of the total mass. The elemental composition of the composite chromite pigment was determined using a JEOL JSM-6490 LV SEM device and the content of chromium oxide (Cr2O3) was determined, which reached up to 50%. The thermodynamic patterns of the processes occurring during the production of chromite pigments were studied using the integrated Chemistry software pack HSC-6. The results of testing printed and processed cotton and composite fabrics by the proposed method showed that the color fastness to washing and wet and dry friction is 4 points and the wear resistance assessment is 4860 and 6485 cycles, respectively. Composite chromite pigment based on technogenic wastes is recommended for use in various coloring compositions, including those used for printing on cotton and composite fabrics.
Gingival Margin Damage During Supragingival Dental Polishing by Inexperienced Operator—Pilot Study
Authors: Yaneva Blagovesta , Shentov Petar , Bogoev Dimitar , Mutafchieva Maria , Atanasova-Vladimirova Stela , Dimitrov Kiril , Vladova Diyana
Published: December 2024

Background: Supragingival polishing is a crucial part of nonsurgical periodontal therapy. In recent years, air polishing has been used for this purpose, introducing different polishing powders. The purpose of the following study was to investigate the damage to the gingival margin during air polishing by an inexperienced operator. Methods: Five porcine models were polished by means of three different polishing powders: calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and erythritol. Their impact on the gingival margin was examined by means of histological and scanning electron microscopical observations and compared to healthy samples and samples polished with a polishing brush and paste. Results: The histological observations revealed superficial to minor lesions limited in the epithelium by all the groups tested. Both examination protocols demonstrated less invasiveness of the erythritol-based polishing powder. Conclusions: Within the limitations of the present study, it could be concluded that air polishing is a safe instrumentation method for periodontal therapy even in inexperienced hands when the exact protocol is followed. The erythritol-based polishing powder seems to provide less of an impact on the gingival margin.
The Role of Visual Information Quantity in Fine Motor Performance
Authors: Panconi Giulia , Sorgente Vincenzo , Guarducci Sara , Bravi Riccardo , Minciacchi Diego
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Fine motor movements are essential for daily activities, such as handwriting, and rely heavily on visual information to enhance motor complexity and minimize errors. Tracing tasks provide an ecological method for studying these movements and investigating sensorimotor processes. To date, our understanding of the influence of different quantities of visual information on fine motor control remains incomplete. Our study examined how variations in the amount of visual feedback affect motor performance during handwriting tasks using a graphic pen tablet projecting on a monitor. Methods: Thirty-seven right-handed young adults (20 to 35 years) performed dot-to-dot triangle tracing tasks under nine experimental conditions with varying quantities of visual cues. The conditions and triangle shape rotations were randomized to avoid motor training or learning effects. Motor performance metrics, including absolute error, time of execution, speed, smoothness, and pressure, were analyzed. Results: As visual information increased, absolute error (from 6.64 mm to 2.82 mm), speed (from 99.28 mm/s to 57.19 mm/s), and smoothness (from 4.17 mm2/s6 to 0.80 mm2/s6) decreased, while time of execution increased (from 12.68 s to 20.85 s), reflecting a trade-off between accuracy and speed. Pressure remained constant across conditions (from 70.35 a.u. to 74.39). Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated a moderate to strong correlation between absolute error and time of execution across conditions. The Friedman test showed significant effects of experimental conditions on all motor performance metrics except for pressure, with Kendall’s W values indicating a moderate to strong effect size. Conclusion: These findings deepen our understanding of sensorimotor integration processes and could potentially have implications for optimizing motor skills acquisition and training and developing effective rehabilitation strategies.
Neural Network Identification-Based Model Predictive Heading Control for Wave Gliders
Authors: Jin Peng , Zhang Baolin , Zhang Yun
Published: December 2024

This paper deals with the neural network identification-based model predictive heading control problem in a wave glider. First, based on a kinematic model of the wave glider subjected to external disturbance and system uncertainty, a state space model of the wave glider is established. Then, a neural network identification-based model predictive heading controller (NNI-MPHC) is designed for the wave glider. The heading controller mainly includes three components: a model predictive controller, a neural network-based model identifier, and a linear reduced-order extended state observer. Third, a design algorithm of the NNI-MPHC is presented. The algorithm is demonstrated through simulation, where the results show the following: (i) The designed NNI-MPHC is remarkably capable of guaranteeing the tracing effects of the wave glider. (ii) Comparing the NNI-MPHC and existing heading controllers, the former is better than the latter in terms of tracking accuracy and rapidity and robustness to model uncertainty and/or external disturbances.
Characterization of the CBM50 Gene Family in Tilletia horrida and Identification of the Putative Effector Gene ThCBM50_1
Authors: Xiang Ting , Xu Deze , Pan Linxiu , Zhai Dongyu , Zhang Yu , Zheng Aiping , Yin Desuo , Wang Aijun
Published: December 2024

Carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) are essential virulence factors in phytopathogens, particularly the extensively studied members from the CBM50 gene family, which are known as lysin motif (LysM) effectors and which play crucial roles in plant–pathogen interactions. However, the function of CBM50 in Tilletia horrida has yet to be fully studied. In this study, we identified seven CBM50 genes from the T. horrida genome through complete sequence analysis and functional annotation. Their phylogenetic relationships, conserved motifs, promoter elements, and expression profile were further analyzed. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that these seven ThCBM50 genes were divided into three groups, and close associations were observed among proteins with similar protein motifs. The promoter cis-acting elements analysis revealed that these ThCBM50 proteins may be involved in the regulation of the phytohormones, stress response, and meristem expression of the host plant during T. horrida infection. The transcriptome data indicated that four ThCBM50 genes were upregulated during T. horrida infection. We further found that ThCBM50_1 caused cell death in the leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana, and its signal peptide (SP) had a secreting function. These results offer important clues that highlight the features of T. horrida CBM50 family proteins and set the stage for further investigation into their roles in the interactions between T. horrida and rice.
Enhanced Specificity in Colorimetric LAMP Assay for Sarocladium kiliense Detection Using a Combination of Two Additives
Authors: Wong Yu-Ning , Hau Pak-Ting , Chau Eddie Chung-Ting , Ng Laam-Ching , Murillo Michaela , Fung Joshua , Po Wai-Wai , Yu Ray Chun-Wai , Kam Melody Kai-Ting , Tam Emily Wan-Ting , Tsang Chi-Ching , Chow Franklin Wang-Ngai
Published: December 2024

The genus Sarocladium comprises fungal species closely related to Acremonium, with S. kiliense and S. strictum being medically important. These species can cause infections in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. The current detection methods are limited, prompting the need for rapid and specific diagnostic tools. We developed a colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay targeting S. kiliense (SK-LAMP). The initial prototype assay faced challenges with cross-reactivities with closely related species. To address this, we incorporated two additives, pullulan and tetramethylammonium chloride (TMAC), which are known to reduce non-specific signals in amplification assays. Our study found that a combination of 1% (v/v) pullulan and 0.03 M TMAC enhanced the specific detection of S. kiliense in a 45 min reaction, without non-specific false-positive results for other fungal species. This optimised LAMP assay demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity, offering a reliable and rapid method for detecting S. kiliense. The novel approach of combining additives to enhance assay specificity presents a promising strategy for improving LAMP assays targeting closely related fungal species. This advancement can aid in the timely diagnosis and management of infections caused by S. kiliense, contributing to better patient outcomes and infection control.
Cerebrospinal Drain Infection by Candida auris: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Halioti Asimenia , Vrettou Charikleia S. , Neromyliotis Eleftherios , Gavrielatou Evdokia , Sarri Aikaterini , Psaroudaki Zoi , Magira Eleni E.
Published: December 2024

Candida auris is notorious for its ability to spread within healthcare environments, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs), posing significant challenges for clinicians as treatment options become limited. This is especially concerning in the context of central nervous system (CNS)-invasive infections. While rare, its involvement in nosocomial brain ventriculitis presents substantial diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, with no established guidelines for managing CNS infections caused by Candida auris. This report presents a case of Candida auris ventriculitis in an ICU patient and offers a comprehensive and targeted literature review, emphasizing diagnostic approaches, treatment strategies, and the clinical complexities of managing this emerging pathogen in CNS infections.
Reinforcement Learning Pair Trading: A Dynamic Scaling Approach
Authors: Yang Hongshen , Malik Avinash
Published: December 2024

Cryptocurrency is a cryptography-based digital asset with extremely volatile prices. Around USD 70 billion worth of cryptocurrency is traded daily on exchanges. Trading cryptocurrency is difficult due to the inherent volatility of the crypto market. This study investigates whether Reinforcement Learning (RL) can enhance decision-making in cryptocurrency algorithmic trading compared to traditional methods. In order to address this question, we combined reinforcement learning with a statistical arbitrage trading technique, pair trading, which exploits the price difference between statistically correlated assets. We constructed RL environments and trained RL agents to determine when and how to trade pairs of cryptocurrencies. We developed new reward shaping and observation/action spaces for reinforcement learning. We performed experiments with the developed reinforcement learner on pairs of BTC-GBP and BTC-EUR data separated by 1 min intervals (n = 263,520). The traditional non-RL pair trading technique achieved an annualized profit of 8.33%, while the proposed RL-based pair trading technique achieved annualized profits from 9.94% to 31.53%, depending upon the RL learner. Our results show that RL can significantly outperform manual and traditional pair trading techniques when applied to volatile markets such as cryptocurrencies.
Quantitative Change or Qualitative Change: The Impact of Whole-Region Comprehensive Land Consolidation on Cultivated Land Security—Based on Panel Data from Townships in Zhejiang Province
Authors: Li Jin , Ding Yongpeng , Jing Ming , Dong Xiangyu , Zheng Jiaxi , Gu Luoyu
Published: December 2024

Land consolidation is a crucial strategy for optimizing land use structure and ensuring cultivated land security and food safety. Since 2019, Zhejiang Province has been piloting and exploring Whole-Region Comprehensive Land Consolidation (WRCLC). However, there remains an insufficient understanding of the feasibility of WRCLC in ensuring cultivated land security and its potential for synergy with other policies. This study utilizes panel data from 707 townships in Zhejiang Province spanning from 2013 to 2022. By categorizing cultivated land security into two dimensions—quantity and quality—this study employs a double machine learning approach to evaluate the impact of WRCLC policies on township cultivated land security. The results indicate that implementing WRCLC significantly enhances both the quantity and quality of cultivated land. A heterogeneity analysis reveals that WRCLC is particularly effective in improving the quality of cultivated land in non-major grain-producing areas and low economic development areas. Furthermore, examining policy synergies indicates that agricultural mechanization and agricultural industry integration policies work well in conjunction with WRCLC, thereby enhancing both the quantity and quality of cultivated land. However, the synergy with rural tourism policies improves cultivated land quality without effectively increasing cultivated land quantity.
Effect of Surface Roughness on the Friction Moment in a Lubricated Deep Groove Ball Bearing
Authors: Kumar Harsh , Gupta Vaibhav , Bharath Velamala , Tiwari Mayank , Paul Surajit Kumar , Agrawal Lokesh , Singh Arendra Pal , Jain Ayush
Published: December 2024

Deep groove ball bearings (DGBBs) are extensively utilized in industrial machinery, mechanical systems, and household appliances due to their simple design, low maintenance, and ability to operate at high speeds. A critical issue in the performance of these bearings is the power loss by internal friction torque, which adversely affects system efficiency, longevity, and reliability, particularly in demanding applications such as aviation and marine systems. The friction torque in DGBBs is influenced by factors such as load, speed, surface roughness, and lubricant viscosity, making the precise understanding of these elements essential for optimizing system efficiency. Despite its significance, the effect of surface roughness on friction torque in DGBBs remains underexplored. This paper presents an analytical model to evaluate the frictional moments resulting from interactions between the ball–race and ball–cage in lubricated, low-speed DGBBs. This model employs a mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication approach to determine the friction coefficient at the contact interfaces. This study explores how surface roughness and speed affect both ball–race and ball–cage friction torque, offering a comprehensive analysis of their influence on overall frictional torque. Additionally, the effect of surface roughness on ball–cage contact forces is investigated, enhancing the understanding of its contribution to friction torque. These insights aim to improve DGBB design and operation, maximizing performance and energy efficiency.