bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Bovine Hydatidosis in Cattle Slaughtered at Nekemte Municipal Abattoir, Western Ethiopia
Authors: Muhammed Abdu , Tamiru Yobsan , Kenei Felmata , Zenu Nezif
Published: October 2024

Hydatidosis (cystic echinococcosis) is one of the major serious parasite infectious diseases that cause poor weight gain and organ condemnation, which contributes to Ethiopia’s low cattle industry production. A cross‐sectional study was performed at the Nekemte Municipal Abattoir, Western Ethiopia, from October 2020 to August 2021 with the aim of determining the prevalence of bovine hydatid cysts, assessing the related risk factors, and evaluating the organ level of distributions of the cysts. An antemortem examination and postmortem examination were performed as usual on all 220 chosen slaughtered cattle. We evaluated the organs of systemically selected cattle through visual inspection and palpation. Of the total number inspected, 44 (20%) had one or more hydatid cysts in one or more of their organs. Both age and sex of the cattle were significantly associated with the prevalence of bovine hydatidosis (X2 = 5.928; p = 0.015; and X2 = 4.086; p = 0.043, respectively) among the risk factors evaluated. 44 (20%) of the 220 animals evaluated were positive for hydatidosis. In terms of organ distribution, the liver accounted for 27 (61.4%), the lung for 16 (36.3%), and the spleen for 1 (2.3%). 34 (55.8%) of the 62 cysts counted and characterized were found in the liver, 27 (53.6%) in the lung, and 1 (2.3%) in the spleen. 22 (35.5%) of the 62 cysts collected were calcified, and 31 (50%) were found to be fertile. Of the 31 fertile cysts discovered, 7 (22.6%) were found in the liver, 23 (74.2%) in the lungs, and 1 (2.3%) in the spleen. Hydatidosis is still one of the most critical diseases that need careful consideration for prevention and control measures in the East Welega Zone, even with the moderate level of infection currently detected. This is because there appears to be a socioeconomic environment that is conducive to the disease. Therefore, the installation of regulated, well‐equipped abattoirs, public awareness campaigns, and stray dog control are crucial.
H4K20me3-Mediated Repression of Inflammatory Genes Is a Characteristic and Targetable Vulnerability of Persister Cancer Cells
Authors: Ramponi Valentina , Richart Laia , Kovatcheva Marta , Stephan-Otto Attolini Camille , Capellades Jordi , Lord Alice E. , Yanes Oscar , Ficz Gabriella , Serrano Manuel
Published: October 2024

Anticancer therapies can induce cellular senescence or drug-tolerant persistence, two types of proliferative arrest that differ in their stability. While senescence is highly stable, persister cells efficiently resume proliferation upon therapy termination, resulting in tumor relapse. Here, we used an ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitor to induce and characterize persistence in human cancer cells of various origins. Using this model and previously described models of senescence, we compared the same cancer cell lines under the two types of proliferative arrest. Persister and senescent cancer cells shared an expanded lysosomal compartment and hypersensitivity to BCL-XL inhibition. However, persister cells lacked other features of senescence, such as loss of lamin B1, senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, upregulation of MHC-I, and an inflammatory and secretory phenotype (senescence-associated secretory phenotype or SASP). A genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screening for genes required for the survival of persister cells revealed that they are hypersensitive to the inhibition of one-carbon (1C) metabolism, which was validated by the pharmacologic inhibition of serine hydroxymethyltransferase, a key enzyme that feeds methyl groups from serine into 1C metabolism. Investigation into the relationship between 1C metabolism and the epigenetic regulation of transcription uncovered the presence of the repressive heterochromatic mark H4K20me3 at the promoters of SASP and IFN response genes in persister cells, whereas it was absent in senescent cells. Moreover, persister cells overexpressed the H4K20 methyltransferases KMT5B/C, and their downregulation unleashed inflammatory programs and compromised the survival of persister cells. In summary, this study identifies distinctive features and actionable vulnerabilities of persister cancer cells and provides mechanistic insight into their low inflammatory activity.

Significance: Cell persistence and senescence are distinct states of proliferative arrest induced by cancer therapy, with persister cells being characterized by the silencing of inflammatory genes through the heterochromatic mark H4K20me3.

See related commentary by Schmitt, p. 7
Table 1 from Clinical Implications and Molecular Features of Extracellular Matrix Networks in Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Authors: Pankova Valeriya , Krasny Lukas , Kerrison William , Tam Yuen B. , Chadha Madhumeeta , Burns Jessica , Wilding Christopher P. , Chen Liang , Chowdhury Avirup , Perkins Emma , Lee Alexander T.J. , Howell Louise , Guljar Nafia , Sisley Karen , Fisher Cyril , Chudasama Priya , Thway Khin , Jones Robin L. , Huang Paul H.
Published: October 2024

Clinicopathological characteristics of the cohort.
Supplementary Table S2 from Clinical Implications and Molecular Features of Extracellular Matrix Networks in Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Authors: Pankova Valeriya , Krasny Lukas , Kerrison William , Tam Yuen B. , Chadha Madhumeeta , Burns Jessica , Wilding Christopher P. , Chen Liang , Chowdhury Avirup , Perkins Emma , Lee Alexander T.J. , Howell Louise , Guljar Nafia , Sisley Karen , Fisher Cyril , Chudasama Priya , Thway Khin , Jones Robin L. , Huang Paul H.
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Table S2: Matrisome and adhesome cluster membership.
Supplementary Table S11 from Clinical Implications and Molecular Features of Extracellular Matrix Networks in Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Authors: Pankova Valeriya , Krasny Lukas , Kerrison William , Tam Yuen B. , Chadha Madhumeeta , Burns Jessica , Wilding Christopher P. , Chen Liang , Chowdhury Avirup , Perkins Emma , Lee Alexander T.J. , Howell Louise , Guljar Nafia , Sisley Karen , Fisher Cyril , Chudasama Priya , Thway Khin , Jones Robin L. , Huang Paul H.
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Table S11. Statistical association of clinicopathological features with proteoglycan groups.
Figure 1 from Clinical Implications and Molecular Features of Extracellular Matrix Networks in Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Authors: Pankova Valeriya , Krasny Lukas , Kerrison William , Tam Yuen B. , Chadha Madhumeeta , Burns Jessica , Wilding Christopher P. , Chen Liang , Chowdhury Avirup , Perkins Emma , Lee Alexander T.J. , Howell Louise , Guljar Nafia , Sisley Karen , Fisher Cyril , Chudasama Priya , Thway Khin , Jones Robin L. , Huang Paul H.
Published: October 2024

The matrisome and adhesome landscape of soft tissue sarcomas (STS). A, Annotated heatmap illustrating the unsupervised clustering (Pearson’s correlation distance) of 302 matrisome and adhesome components in the STS cohort. Top annotation panel correspond to histological subtype. The annotation on the (left) side shows proteins belonging to matrisome or adhesome databases and the breakdown into matrisome and adhesome functional classes. B, Heatmap showing matrisome and adhesome proteins uniquely upregulated (indicated by black boxes) in histological subtypes (false discovery rate <0.01, fold change ≥2), arranged by histological subtype. A selection of matrisome proteins which are upregulated in each histological subtype is shown. AS, angiosarcoma; ASPS, alveolar soft part sarcoma; CCS, clear cell sarcoma; DSRCT, desmoplastic small round cell tumor; ES, epithelioid sarcoma; RT, rhabdoid tumor.
Table S1 from A Phase I Study of the Combination of Pexidartinib and Sirolimus to Target Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Unresectable Sarcoma and Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors
Authors: Manji Gulam A. , Van Tine Brian A. , Lee Shing M. , Raufi Alexander G. , Pellicciotta Ilenia , Hirbe Angela C. , Pradhan Jaya , Chen Andrew , Rabadan Raul , Schwartz Gary K.
Published: October 2024

DLT Model Estimates
Supplementary Table S3 from IL2 Targeted to CD8+ T Cells Promotes Robust Effector T-cell Responses and Potent Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Moynihan Kelly D. , Kumar Manu P. , Sultan Hussein , Pappas Danielle C. , Park Terrence , Chin S. Michael , Bessette Paul , Lan Ruth Y. , Nguyen Henry C. , Mathewson Nathan D. , Ni Irene , Chen Wei , Lee Yonghee , Liao-Chan Sindy , Chen Jessie , Schumacher Ton N.M. , Schreiber Robert D. , Yeung Yik A. , Djuretic Ivana M.
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Table S3, Single-cell RNA sequencing reagents used in this study
Supplementary Table S2 from IL2 Targeted to CD8+ T Cells Promotes Robust Effector T-cell Responses and Potent Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Moynihan Kelly D. , Kumar Manu P. , Sultan Hussein , Pappas Danielle C. , Park Terrence , Chin S. Michael , Bessette Paul , Lan Ruth Y. , Nguyen Henry C. , Mathewson Nathan D. , Ni Irene , Chen Wei , Lee Yonghee , Liao-Chan Sindy , Chen Jessie , Schumacher Ton N.M. , Schreiber Robert D. , Yeung Yik A. , Djuretic Ivana M.
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Table S2, Antibodies used in this study
Supplementary Figure S9 from IL2 Targeted to CD8+ T Cells Promotes Robust Effector T-cell Responses and Potent Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Moynihan Kelly D. , Kumar Manu P. , Sultan Hussein , Pappas Danielle C. , Park Terrence , Chin S. Michael , Bessette Paul , Lan Ruth Y. , Nguyen Henry C. , Mathewson Nathan D. , Ni Irene , Chen Wei , Lee Yonghee , Liao-Chan Sindy , Chen Jessie , Schumacher Ton N.M. , Schreiber Robert D. , Yeung Yik A. , Djuretic Ivana M.
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Figure S9: scRNAseq analysis of MC38 tumors.
Supplementary Figure S3 from IL2 Targeted to CD8+ T Cells Promotes Robust Effector T-cell Responses and Potent Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Moynihan Kelly D. , Kumar Manu P. , Sultan Hussein , Pappas Danielle C. , Park Terrence , Chin S. Michael , Bessette Paul , Lan Ruth Y. , Nguyen Henry C. , Mathewson Nathan D. , Ni Irene , Chen Wei , Lee Yonghee , Liao-Chan Sindy , Chen Jessie , Schumacher Ton N.M. , Schreiber Robert D. , Yeung Yik A. , Djuretic Ivana M.
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Figure S3: Biodistribution of cytokine fusion molecules in tumor-bearing mice.
Supplementary Figure S2 from IL2 Targeted to CD8+ T Cells Promotes Robust Effector T-cell Responses and Potent Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Moynihan Kelly D. , Kumar Manu P. , Sultan Hussein , Pappas Danielle C. , Park Terrence , Chin S. Michael , Bessette Paul , Lan Ruth Y. , Nguyen Henry C. , Mathewson Nathan D. , Ni Irene , Chen Wei , Lee Yonghee , Liao-Chan Sindy , Chen Jessie , Schumacher Ton N.M. , Schreiber Robert D. , Yeung Yik A. , Djuretic Ivana M.
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Figure S2: In vitro culture of human CD8+ T cells, evaluation of CD8α and CD8β expression, and cytokine release assessment.
Supplementary Figure S10 from IL2 Targeted to CD8+ T Cells Promotes Robust Effector T-cell Responses and Potent Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Moynihan Kelly D. , Kumar Manu P. , Sultan Hussein , Pappas Danielle C. , Park Terrence , Chin S. Michael , Bessette Paul , Lan Ruth Y. , Nguyen Henry C. , Mathewson Nathan D. , Ni Irene , Chen Wei , Lee Yonghee , Liao-Chan Sindy , Chen Jessie , Schumacher Ton N.M. , Schreiber Robert D. , Yeung Yik A. , Djuretic Ivana M.
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Figure S10: In vitro and in vivo activity of AB248 in cynomolgus monkey.
Supplementary Figure S4 from USP36 SUMOylates Las1L and Promotes Its Function in Pre–Ribosomal RNA ITS2 Processing
Authors: Li Yanping , Yang Yunhan , Sears Rosalie C. , Dai Mu-Shui , Sun Xiao-Xin
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Figure S4 shows that USP36 interacts with rixosome components including Pelp1, TEXT10, WDR18, and SENP3.
Figure 3 from USP36 SUMOylates Las1L and Promotes Its Function in Pre–Ribosomal RNA ITS2 Processing
Authors: Li Yanping , Yang Yunhan , Sears Rosalie C. , Dai Mu-Shui , Sun Xiao-Xin
Published: October 2024

USP36 deubiquitinates Las1L and Nol9 and regulates their levels. A and B, Knockdown of USP36 reduces the levels of Las1L and Nol9. The HEK293 (A) and HeLa (B) cells transfected with scrambled (scr) or USP36 siRNA were assayed by IB. C, The stability of Las1L and Nol9 is dependent on each other. HeLa and HEK293 cells transfected with scr, Las1L, or Nol9 siRNA were assayed by IB. D, USP36 deubiquitinates Las1L. H1299 cells transfected with the indicated plasmids were subjected to Ni2+-NTA PD under denaturing conditions, followed by IB to detect the ubiquitinated species of Las1L. The protein expression is shown in the bottom panels. E, Knockdown of endogenous USP36 increases the ubiquitinated species of Las1L. H1299 cells transfected with the indicated plasmids together with scr or USP36 siRNA were subjected to Ni2+-NTA PD under denaturing conditions, followed by IB to detect the ubiquitinated species of Las1L. The protein expression is shown in the bottom panels. F, USP36 deubiquitinates Nol9. H1299 cells transfected with the indicated plasmids were subjected to Ni2+-NTA PD under denaturing conditions, followed by IB to detect the ubiquitinated species of Nol9. The protein expression is shown in the bottom panels.
Figure 1 from USP36 SUMOylates Las1L and Promotes Its Function in Pre–Ribosomal RNA ITS2 Processing
Authors: Li Yanping , Yang Yunhan , Sears Rosalie C. , Dai Mu-Shui , Sun Xiao-Xin
Published: October 2024

USP36 interacts with the Las1L–Nol9 complex. A, Number of Las1L and Nol9 peptides detected by mass spectrometry analysis of immunoprecipitates from control 293 and 293-Flag-USP36 cells by anti-Flag antibody. B, USP36 interacts with Las1L and Nol9. The HEK293 and HeLa cells transfected with Flag-USP36 were subjected to Co-IP with anti-Flag antibody, followed by IB. C, Co-IP of Las1L with USP36. The HEK293 cells transfected with Flag-Las1L were assayed by Co-IP using anti-Flag antibody, followed by IB. D, Co-IP of Nol9 with USP36. H1299 cells were transfected with Flag-Nol9 and assayed by Co-IP using anti-Flag antibody, followed by IB. E, The interaction of USP36 with Las1L–Nol9 is independent of RNA. The HEK293 cells transfected with Flag-USP36 were subjected to Co-IP with anti-Flag antibody in the presence or absence of 100 μg/mL RNase A and 100 U/mL RNase T1 treatment, followed by IB. F, Co-IP between endogenous USP36 and Las1L. 293 cell lysates were immunoprecipitated with anti-USP36, followed by IB with anti-Las1L antibody. G, Co-localization of Flag-USP36 with Las1L and Nol9. HeLa cells co-transfected with Flag-USP36 and GFP-Nol9 were immunostained with anti-Flag (Red) and anti-Las1L (far red), followed by 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining for DNA (blue). H, Cell fractionation assays. HeLa cells stably expressing Flag-USP36 were fractionated into cytoplasmic (Cyto), nucleoplasmic (Np), and nucleolar fractions (No), followed by IB. Tubulin, SP1, and nucleophosmin (NPM) were used as cytoplasmic, nucleoplasmic, and nucleolar markers, respectively. I, Co-IP of USP36 with Las1L–Nol9 in the nucleolar fraction. Lysates from the nucleolar fraction shown in H were immunoprecipitated with anti-Flag antibody followed by IB.
FIGURE 6 from Combinatorial Natural Killer Cell–based Immunotherapy Approaches Selectively Target Chordoma Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Hoke Austin T.K. , Padget Michelle R. , Fabian Kellsye P. , Nandal Anjali , Gallia Gary L. , Bilusic Marijo , Soon-Shiong Patrick , Hodge James W. , London Nyall R.
Published: October 2024

PD-L1 t-haNK cells induce lysis of chordoma cell lines through a PD-L1-mediated mechanism. Two chordoma cell lines (UM-Chor1, JHC7) were used as targets for PD-L1 t-haNK cells in 111In-release killing assays. A, Chordoma cells were analyzed by flow cytometry for PD-L1 expression after 24-hour co-incubation with IFNγ on the same day as killing assays. Cell surface expression of PD-L1 quantified by flow cytometry is reported in % positive cells and MFI. Bold values denote an increase of > 30% relative to untreated control cells. B, Chordoma cells were co-incubated with IFNγ or left untreated as controls for 24 hours before being used as targets for PD-L1 t-haNK cells. All E:T ratios are 20:1. Statistical analyses were done by one-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons test. *P d 0.05, **P d 0.01, ***P d 0.001, ****P d 0.0001. Results shown are the means ± SEM of technical triplicate measurements and are representative of three independent experiments.
Figure 7 from A Database Tool Integrating Genomic and Pharmacologic Data from Adrenocortical Carcinoma Cell Lines, PDX, and Patient Samples
Authors: Arakawa Yasuhiro , Elloumi Fathi , Varma Sudhir , Khandagale Prashant , Jo Ukhyun , Kumar Suresh , Roper Nitin , Reinhold William C. , Robey Robert W. , Takebe Naoko , Gottesman Michael M. , Thomas Craig J. , Boeva Valentina , Berruti Alfredo , Abate Andrea , Tamburello Mariangela , Sigala Sandra , Hantel Constanze , Weigand Isabel , Wierman Margaret E. , Kiseljak-Vassiliades Katja , Del Rivero Jaydira , Pommier Yves
Published: October 2024

A, Correlation between the activity of mitotane tested at the NCI and the expression of SOAT1. B, Correlation between the activity of mitotane tested independently at the NCAT and the expression of SOAT1. C, Correlation between the expression of SOAT1 and the ADS signature.
Figure 6 from A Database Tool Integrating Genomic and Pharmacologic Data from Adrenocortical Carcinoma Cell Lines, PDX, and Patient Samples
Authors: Arakawa Yasuhiro , Elloumi Fathi , Varma Sudhir , Khandagale Prashant , Jo Ukhyun , Kumar Suresh , Roper Nitin , Reinhold William C. , Robey Robert W. , Takebe Naoko , Gottesman Michael M. , Thomas Craig J. , Boeva Valentina , Berruti Alfredo , Abate Andrea , Tamburello Mariangela , Sigala Sandra , Hantel Constanze , Weigand Isabel , Wierman Margaret E. , Kiseljak-Vassiliades Katja , Del Rivero Jaydira , Pommier Yves
Published: October 2024

Examples of gene copy number variations and mutations in the ACC cell lines. A, CU-ACC1 is defective in CDKN2A. Univariate scatterplot of CDKN2A transcriptional expression levels vs. CDKN2A gene copy number in the ACC NCI cell line data set. B, Gene mutations in the ACC cell lines; mutation scores were collected from the Colorado, Zurich, and Wurzburg datasets and plotted; CU-ACC2, MUC-1 and JIL-2266 are homozygous TP53 mutants, CU-ACC1 and H595R exhibit heterozygous β-catenin (CTNNB1) mutations. C, CU-ACC2 harbor homozygous NF1 gene mutation and heterozygous NF2 gene mutation in the ACC NCI cell line data set.
Characteristic Activation Pattern and Network Connectivity of Prefrontal Cortex in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Major Depressive Disorder during a Verbal Fluency Task: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study Based on Network-Based Statistic Prediction
Authors: Zhang Jia-Ming , Liu Xiao-Bo , Li Yu-Xi , Li Hui-Jing , Fan Jin , Xue Chen , Yin Yun-Fang , Zhang Yuan , Nong Yu-Xuan , Wang Yi-Nan , Zheng Zhong , Zhong Dong-Ling , Li Juan , Jin Rong-Jiang
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and major depressive disorder (MDD) together occur frequently among the elderly population. However, the inconsistency in assessments and limited medical resources in the community make it challenging to identify depression in patients with T2DM. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the activation pattern and network connectivity of prefrontal cortex (PFC) during a verbal fluency task (VFT) in patients with T2DM and MDD using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Methods: Three parallel groups (T2DM with MDD group, T2DM group, and healthy group) with 100 participants in each group were included in the study. Recruitment took place from August 1, 2020, to December 31, 2023. Due to the close association between the PFC and depressive emotions, fNIRS was used to monitor brain activation and network connectivity of PFC in all participants during a task of Chinese-language phonological VFT. Network-based statistic prediction was adopted as data analysis method. Results: Patients in the T2DM with MDD group showed characteristic activation pattern and network connectivity in contrast with patients with T2DM and healthy controls, including decreased activation in PFC, and decreased network connectivity of right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Furthermore, the network connectivity of the right DLPFC in patients with T2DM and MDD was negatively correlated with scores of Hamilton Depression Scale-24 (HAMD-24). Conclusions: There was a distinctive activation pattern and network connectivity of the PFC in patients with T2DM and MDD. The right DLPFC could serve as a potential target for the diagnosis and intervention of MDD in patients with T2DM.
C3 Glomerulopathy: A Current Perspective in an Evolving Landscape
Authors: Magliulo Eric Keoni , Ravipati Prasanth
Published: October 2024

Background: Complement 3 (C3) glomerulopathy (C3G) is a heterogenous disease characterized by dysregulation of the complement alternative pathway. Within 10 years of a diagnosis, roughly 50% of patients with C3G will progress to end-stage kidney disease. Historically, treatment options have been limited to nonspecific immune suppression with suboptimal response rates to recommended therapies. Advances in immunology and the emergence of novel complement-targeted therapies have shifted the focus toward identifying the distinct underlying etiologies of C3G. Summary: In this review, we provide a description of the current landscape and challenges faced in the classification, evaluation, and treatment of patients with C3G. Key Message: C3G can be broadly separated into four distinct groups: (1) genetic mutations/variants, (2) autoimmune/acquired autoantibodies, (3) monoclonal immunoglobulin-associated C3G, and (4) C3G without an identified cause. Therapy directed toward the underlying pathogenetic cause of C3G may improve outcomes in a disease in which current treatment options are largely ineffective.
Avançados em quê? A trajetória pioneira do Instituto de Estudos Avançados da Universidade de São Paulo
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Plonski Guilherme Ary , Cytrynowicz Roney ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Estudos Avançados
Published: October 2024

Criado em 1986 pelo Reitor José Goldemberg, o Instituto de Estudos Avançados (IEA) da Universidade de São Paulo situa-se entre as mais notáveis iniciativas construídas ao longo da história da USP. Ao longo das décadas, o IEA se consolidou como um bastião da interdisciplinaridade e da colaboração intelectual, proporcionando um ambiente propício para o florescimento de ideias inovadoras e para o diálogo entre diferentes campos do conhecimento. Suas contribuições para a pesquisa e a disseminação do saber têm sido inestimáveis, refletindo o compromisso da USP com a produção de conhecimento de alta qualidade e relevância social. Diversos trabalhos subsidiaram políticas públicas em campos essenciais, como educação e saúde. Este livro, cuidadosamente alicerçado em documentos e em depoimentos, não apenas traça a trajetória do IEA ao longo dos anos, mas também lança luz sobre os desafios e as conquistas que marcaram sua história. Merece nota o fato de que, não tendo corpo docente nem discente próprios, o IEA consegue atrair e aglutinar professores e estudantes de 80% das unidades, museus e institutos da USP em seus grupos de estudos e de pesquisa, cátedras, centros de síntese e outras modalidades de agrupamentos. Ademais, recebe pesquisadores de outras instituições, contribuindo para intercâmbios mutuamente frutíferos. Ao folhearmos estas páginas, somos convidados a refletir não apenas sobre o passado do IEA, mas também sobre o seu futuro. Em um mundo cada vez mais complexo e interconectado, as instituições acadêmicas desempenham um papel crucial na promoção do conhecimento, da inovação e do progresso humano. Neste sentido, o IEA continua a ser uma fonte de inspiração e um farol de excelência para toda a comunidade acadêmica e além.
NoviCode: Generating Programs from Natural Language Utterances by Novices
Authors: Mordechai Asaf Achi , Goldberg Yoav , Tsarfaty Reut
Published: October 2024

Current Text-to-Code models demonstrate impressive capabilities in generating executable code from natural language snippets. However, current studies focus on technical instructions and programmer-oriented language, and it is an open question whether these models can effectively translate natural language descriptions given by non-technical users and express complex goals, to an executable program that contains an intricate flow—composed of API access and control structures as loops, conditions, and sequences. To unlock the challenge of generating a complete program from a plain non-technical description we present NoviCode, a novel NL Programming task, which takes as input an API and a natural language description by a novice non-programmer, and provides an executable program as output. To assess the efficacy of models on this task, we provide a novel benchmark accompanied by test suites wherein the generated program code is assessed not according to their form, but according to their functional execution. Our experiments show that, first, NoviCode is indeed a challenging task in the code synthesis domain, and that generating complex code from non-technical instructions goes beyond the current Text-to-Code paradigm. Second, we show that a novel approach wherein we align the NL utterances with the compositional hierarchical structure of the code, greatly enhances the performance of LLMs on this task, compared with the end-to-end Text-to-Code counterparts.
Anti-British Propaganda in Sharjah in 1940
Authors: Alsadoun Khalid bin Hmoud
Published: October 2024

This article attempts to study the nature of the political relations between Britain and its colony of Sharjah in the Arabian Gulf during the military conflict between Britain and its allies on the one hand and Germany and its allies on the other during World War ii. The researcher makes use of documents and correspondence between the rulers of Sharjah and Britain and between the Arabian Gulf Residency and its rulers. This correspondence highlight Britain’s concern about Arab support in the Gulf for its German enemy. It also highlights the British aim of persuading those rulers to join them in the war effort. This indicates the importance of the political position of the rulers of the Arabian Gulf states during that era of military conflict.
Student Interest Drives Modernization of Climate Science Curriculum: Engaging with Community Partners outside the Classroom
Authors: Dacic Natasha , Lojko Alexander , Zhang Yingxiao , Yang Emily , Whitcomb Morgan , Bassis Jeremy , Rood Richard B.
Published: October 2024

As climate change continues to accelerate, there is a growing need for collaboration between geoscientists and community partners to cocreate equitable science-based climate solutions that align with community priorities. However, the curriculum of many geoscience Ph.D. programs focuses almost exclusively on physical science knowledge production confined to the academic sphere with little attention to usability or applications of climate information to decision-making. A consequence is that there is often little educational support to train future generations of geoscientists with the skills needed to serve as knowledge brokers and interpret climate information into the context needed for decision-making. To address this, a group of students and faculty at the University of Michigan developed a pilot course to provide hands-on experience engaging with local communities to develop climate solutions. This project involved a collaboration with the Washtenaw County Water Resources Commissioner’s Office to discuss their high-priority objectives. The inaugural project involved identifying high-priority locations in Washtenaw County for rain garden development to be used for internal planning purposes. The process of recurring communications with partners played a critical role in tailoring the project to have ongoing use for local government after the course. This project provided a student-driven bridge between climate knowledge production, climate science usability, and community engagement. This type of formal engagement with community partners provides opportunities to train the next generation of geoscientists to have the skills to engage with practitioners and decision-makers and make climate science more accessible.
Tropopause Height Inferred from Twilight Photometry
Authors: Mims Forrest M. , Wu Dong L.
Published: October 2024

The tropopause height has been measured by sounding balloons for more than 70 years. More recently, lidar has found the tropopause height by detecting aerosols or subvisible cirrus that accumulates at the tropopause. Here, we present a twilight photometer technique to detect the tropopause height with results close to the traditional World Meteorological Organization (WMO) method from sounding balloon measurements. The twilight intensity I, although radiometrically uncalibrated, can be normalized by the derivative of log(I) with respect to time t, or I′(t)/(t), to infer stratospheric aerosol layer properties using Earth’s shadow to orderly shield the sunlight below different altitudes. A conventional twilight photometer detects the twilight glow from atmospheric aerosol scattering with a photodiode detector equipped with a near-infrared optical filter. We have replaced the photodiode and optical filter with a light-emitting diode (LED) that functions as a wavelength-dependent photodiode with a narrowband response near 1050 nm. We found that the layer height from twilight photometer observations is highly correlated with the tropopause height. Seventy-six twilight tropopause heights during the first 6 months of 2024 at Geronimo Creek Atmospheric Monitoring Station (GCAMS) in Central Texas agree well with those reported by sounding balloons launched from Corpus Christi, Texas, 207 km from GCAMS (standard deviation of 265 m). The twilight method is inexpensive, easily implemented, and has potential for use at remote sites with solar power and developing countries that lack resources for sounding balloons. It can also provide a learning tool for students of meteorology and the atmospheric sciences.
An intelligent generative method of fashion design combining attribute knowledge and Stable Diffusion Model
Authors: Chen Yumiao , Ma Jingyi
Published: October 2024

Artificial intelligence generation technology has brought new opportunities to the field of fashion design. Attribute knowledge has a significant impact on the overall effect of fashion design. Contemporary generative methods of fashion design frequently yield results lacking semantic information or missing specific attributes. To address the problem, this study aims for an intelligent generative method of fashion design through constructing prompt templates and a specific attribute low-rank adaption (LoRA) to combine fashion attribute knowledge into the generative process of the Stable Diffusion Model. First, a fashion attribute knowledge graph is constructed to establish prompt templates, and natural language descriptions are transformed into professional and complete prompt through GPT-4. Second, the fashion dataset is annotated with templates to filter specific attributes for LoRA training, followed by controlling fashion attributes in generation. Furthermore, analyses of the generation of women’s jacket designs show that the proposed method consistently improves the accuracy and stability of attributes in fashion design generation.
Marketing Is a Transdisciplinary Body of Knowledge
Authors: Peterson Robert A.
Published: October 2024

“What ‘is’ marketing?” Perusal of the marketing literature reveals that “marketing” has been defined and characterized in multiple, often inconsistent but typically ambiguous, ways that have evolved over time. The present essay argues that characterizing marketing as a transdisciplinary body of knowledge formally captures its essence and possesses numerous implications for marketing education as well as marketing practice. Following a brief review of how marketing has been conceptualized in the past, the benefits and challenges of conceptualizing marketing as a transdisciplinary body of knowledge are discussed from a paradigmatic perspective.
Evaluating the impact of transcranial electrical stimulation on post-stroke dysphagia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Yanan , Zhang Zhicheng , Wang Cuicui , Zhang Hui , Wang Ying , Bian Jing
Published: October 2024

Objective

To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the impact of transcranial electrical stimulation (TES), proposed as a potential therapy for post-stroke dysphagia, on swallowing function in stroke survivors.

Methods

The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant studies on TES for post-stroke dysphagia. Search results were reviewed following PRISMA guidelines, and the following data were extracted from included studies: study characteristics, demographics, and outcomes. Bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool. Heterogeneity and effect sizes were analysed using I2 statistics and appropriate effects models. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (registration No. CRD42024578243)

Results

Six randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria (I2 = 0.0%). The meta-analysis indicated a significant improvement in dysphagia with TES (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.13, 0.73). Subgroup analysis suggested that low-intensity TES was effective (SMD 0.46, 95% CI 0.09, 0.82), whereas high-intensity TES showed no significant improvement (SMD 0.37, 95% CI –0.17, 0.91). No publication bias was detected.

Conclusion

TES may improve swallowing in stroke patients, with potential benefits from low-intensity protocols.
Unravelling the impact of Al-Ti content on the microstructure-toughness relationship in the coarse-grained heated-affected zone of super-high-strength pipeline steels
Authors: Yang Die , Jin Hongxing , Gao Yanan , Niu Xianwei , Deng Jun
Published: October 2024

This study aims to investigate the role of Al-Ti addition on particle modification in super-high-strength pipeline steels, and its following effect on microstructural evolution and impact toughness in the coarse-grained heated-affected zone (CGHAZ) is also explored. The steel plates with low and high Al-Ti content (0.009 wt-% Al + 0.006 wt-% Ti vs. 0.033 wt-% Al + 0.025 wt-% Ti), respectively, are subjected to gas metal arc welding with 6–7 kJ/cm heat input. The results reveal that the second-phase particles including micron-scale inclusion of Al-Mg oxide covered with CaS and nano-scale precipitate of titanium nitride are obtained in low Al-Ti steel, which are modified to the Al-Mg-Ti oxide core surrounded by CaS and TiN precipitate in high Al-Ti steel. The nano-scale TiN precipitate and micron-scale inclusion can restrict the austenite grain growth at high temperatures and induce acicular ferrite nucleation at medium temperatures, respectively, leading to the fine-grained mixed microstructure of bainite and acicular ferrite in CGHAZ of both steels. Because of the variant selection during the decomposition of austenite to bainite and acicular ferrite, those fine-grain structures with amounts of high-angle grain boundaries exhibit excellent CGHAZ toughness in both specimens. Compared with low Al-Ti steel, more precipitates induce smaller austenite grains, and the inclusions containing titanium increase the ability of inclusion to promote acicular ferrite nucleation in CGHAZ of high Al-Ti steel. Both of them resulted in smaller crystallographic grain and toughness improvement in CGHAZ of high Al-Ti steel than that in low Al-Ti steel.
Performance of wind turbine system based on a brushless doubly fed reluctance generator and a six pulse bridge cycloconverter
Authors: Boumassata Abderraouf , Kerdoun Djallel , Oualah Oussama
Published: October 2024

In this paper, a variable speed wind energy conversion system (WECS) made with a six pulse bridge cycloconverter and a brushless doubly fed reluctance generator (BDFRG) is investigated. The novelty of the proposed work is to use a brushless doubly fed reluctance generator and a six pulses cycloconverter for working in high power and for reducing the cost, also the proposed work use a maximum power point tracking algorithm to capture the optimal power available in the wind in order to increase the efficiency of the system. The power control of this system is applied, to capture the maximum power from the wind by using a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control technique, to achieve the independent control of the active and reactive powers exchanged between the wind generator and the grid, also to test the possibility to operate in two quadrant modes (subsynchronous and supersynchronous modes). The dynamic modeling equations that describe the suggested system are presented here. The results of the simulation are shown in order to illustrate the performance and efficiency of this system.
Common constitutional traditions: A story of genesis and normative transformations
Authors: Kukavica Jaka
Published: October 2024

This paper aims to inform our understanding of the past, present and future doctrinal nature of constitutional traditions common to the Member States (CCTs) in EU law by forwarding a novel historical narrative on their development. It tells not only a story of how CCTs came to be and what their function was or is today, but it also tells a story of how CCTs have transformed in the jurisprudence of the CJEU through time, what mechanisms affected that transformation, and how those mechanisms operated. It argues that, at first, CCTs had served different functions, the most important of which was serving as a source of normativity of fundamental rights in Community law. With time, this function dissipated, and the Court failed to sufficiently reinvent the purpose of CCTs. With the incorporation of the Charter, CCTs have undergone what the paper calls a process of ‘charterization’, through which they ceased being a source of normativity of the rights that have originated from them in the past. The Charter became the exclusive normative reference and CCTs of today and tomorrow are rhetorical devices at worst, and optional interpretative aids for the interpretation of the Charter at best.
Systemic Acanthamoeba T17 infection in a free-ranging two-toed sloth: case report and literature review of infections by free-living amebas in mammals
Authors: Barrantes Murillo Daniel Felipe , Berrocal Alexis , Ali Ibne Karim M. , Uzal Francisco A.
Published: October 2024

A free-ranging, adult female two-toed sloth ( Choloepus hoffmanni) was brought to a wildlife rescue center in Costa Rica with ocular and auricular myiasis and numerous skin lesions. After one month of unsuccessful systemic and topical antimicrobial treatment, the patient died. A postmortem examination was performed, and tissues were examined histologically, confirming disseminated amebic infection with intralesional trophozoites and cysts in the lungs, liver, eye, heart, spleen, and stomach. Immunohistochemistry identified the ameba as Acanthamoeba sp. A multiplex real-time PCR assay, 18S ribosomal DNA PCR, and sequencing performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung tissue confirmed the Acanthamoeba T17 genotype. The Acanthamoeba genus is in the group of free-living amebas that cause infection in humans and animals, and it is ubiquitous in the environment. Acanthamoeba T17 has been isolated from water and soil, but to our knowledge, this genotype has not been implicated in infections of animals previously and has not been reported from Costa Rica. Systemic Acanthamoeba infection has not been described in sloths previously. We provide a comprehensive literature review describing infections by free-living amebas of the genus Acanthamoeba spp., Balamuthia spp., and Naegleria spp. in domestic, zoo, and wild mammals.
Adoption of e-Government Services in the Northern Part of Cyprus: The Role of Blockchain Technology Awareness
Authors: Çoban Şebnem , Fethi Sami , Tanova Cem , Obaegbulam Ogechi
Published: October 2024

This study empirically investigates the role of blockchain technology awareness in the adoption of electronic government (e-government) services in the northern part of Cyprus. With data collected from a random sample of 374 individuals eligible to use e-government services, a conceptual model that combines the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) and the e-Government Adoption Model (GAM) was assessed. In addition to finding support for some predictors already used in prior literature, the current study investigated whether awareness of blockchain technology through its role in increasing trust would also enhance users’ intention for e-government adoption. Findings have shown that increasing blockchain technology awareness can contribute to building trust and facilitate e-government adoption. Policymakers should consider developing awareness campaigns to enhance trust and get the public to adopt the offered online services.
Role of District Central Cooperative Banks in Financial Inclusion: A Study on Two Selected Districts of West Bengal
Authors: Bhattacharyya Udaybhanu , Nandy Anupam , Dash Debendra Nath
Published: October 2024

Financial inclusion provides the legitimate provisions of basic banking services with adequate financial securities to the unbanked population at a reasonable cost. Since the early decade of the 20th century, the cooperative system has been engaged to percolate financial inclusion in various strata of our society. Several initiatives regarding financial inclusion have been implemented in the post-independence period; however, the Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) 2014 has been considered as one of the most fruitful and effective initiatives by the Government of India for opening no-frill bank accounts with zero balance facilities for financially excluded people in our country, and the cooperative banks have been playing a vital role in the process of implementing the said Yojana. The present study, based on Hooghly District Central Cooperative Bank (HDCCB) and Burdwan Central Cooperative Bank (BCCB) of West Bengal, has comprehended to investigate the role of the DCCBs in the process of financial inclusion with respect to a number of financial operations and annual changes of savings accounts over the second decade of the 21st century. The study has identified statistically significant segments of the financial operations. Those segments are consequences of several fluctuations in financial operations due to the changes in banking policy, implementation of PMJDY, demonetisation, loss of agriculture production, adverse effects of COVID-19 and also the national economic downturn. Finally, it has been observed that the implementation of PMJDY significantly gave rise to the business of the HDCCB and also acted as a threshold point of financial inclusion than its counterpart in the Burdwan district of West Bengal.
An Empirical Analysis of Motivating Factors Behind Purchase of Gold Investment
Authors: Singh Arwinder , Kaur Navjot
Published: October 2024

This study is based on a sample of 613 respondents chosen using judgement cum convenience sampling to understand the gold-buying behaviour of individual investors. The paper attempts to explore the various attributes that investors consider important while investing in gold. Six underlying factors of importance are extracted, namely, family and cultural influence, diversification properties, safe haven properties, financial security, wealth preservation and liquidity. The influence of family and culture is evident from the results, with buying at weddings and festivals being a major reason to purchase gold, followed by investment purposes. Furthermore, the attitude of investors towards the imposition of taxes and tariffs on gold by the government is found to be negative, which could adversely affect investment in gold. Taking the findings into consideration, regulatory authorities could devise strategies to formulate a comprehensive gold policy to help gold contribute more to the exchequer instead of adversely affecting the current account.
Comment on Lykova et al. (2024): “Natromelansonite, Na3Zr[Si7AlO19]⋅4–5H2O, a new member of the rhodesite mero-plesiotype series from Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, Canada”
Authors: Gore Thomas E. , McDonald Andrew M.
Published: October 2024

In this communication, we present a brief response to Lykova et al. (2024) who, in a paper in volume 88 https://doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2024.1 (this journal), describe the occurrence of the new mineral natromelansonite, Na3Zr(Si7AlO19)⋅4–5H2O, and provide commentary on the related species, melansonite (Na,□)□2KZrSi8O19⋅5H2O. The comments in question revolve primarily around the roles and abundances of Al and Na in both minerals, and how their incorporation is best represented in their idealised formulae.

Lykova et al. (2024) state that Al is an essential component of both melansonite and natromelansonite and should thus be reflected in the ideal formulae. With respect to Na, they propose that the ideal formula of melansonite contains two Na apfu rather than one, as was presented in our initial definition of the mineral.

We reiterate there is no unequivocal evidence that Al is an essential component of melansonite, occupying a unique crystallographic site, but rather, it only substitutes for Si. Secondly, though the true Na content of melansonite is probably higher than were originally reported (this being simply explained by the thin nature of the crystals analysed and the volatility of Na under the electron beam), it cannot reconcile the doubling of the Na apfu for melansonite, as was suggested by Lykova et al. (2024).