bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stable flow-induced expression of KLK10 inhibits endothelial inflammation and atherosclerosis
Authors: Williams Darian , Mahmoud Marwa , Liu Renfa , Andueza Aitor , Kumar Sandeep , Kang Dong-Won , Zhang Jiahui , Tamargo Ian , Villa-Roel Nicolas , Baek Kyung-In , Lee Hwakyoung , An Yongjin , Zhang Leran , Tate Edward W , Bagchi Pritha , Pohl Jan , Mosnier Laurent O , Diamandis Eleftherios P , Mihara Koichiro , Hollenberg Morley D , Dai Zhifei , Jo Hanjoong
Published: January 2022

Atherosclerosis preferentially occurs in arterial regions exposed to disturbed blood flow (d-flow), while regions exposed to stable flow (s-flow) are protected. The proatherogenic and atheroprotective effects of d-flow and s-flow are mediated in part by the global changes in endothelial cell (EC) gene expression, which regulates endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Previously, we identified kallikrein-related peptidase 10 (Klk10, a secreted serine protease) as a flow-sensitive gene in mouse arterial ECs, but its role in endothelial biology and atherosclerosis was unknown. Here, we show that KLK10 is upregulated under s-flow conditions and downregulated under d-flow conditions using in vivo mouse models and in vitro studies with cultured ECs. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) and scATAC sequencing (scATACseq) study using the partial carotid ligation mouse model showed flow-regulated Klk10 expression at the epigenomic and transcription levels. Functionally, KLK10 protected against d-flow-induced permeability dysfunction and inflammation in human artery ECs, as determined by NFκB activation, expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and intracellular adhesion molecule 1, and monocyte adhesion. Furthermore, treatment of mice in vivo with rKLK10 decreased arterial endothelial inflammation in d-flow regions. Additionally, rKLK10 injection or ultrasound-mediated transfection of Klk10-expressing plasmids inhibited atherosclerosis in Apoe−/− mice. Moreover, KLK10 expression was significantly reduced in human coronary arteries with advanced atherosclerotic plaques compared to those with less severe plaques. KLK10 is a flow-sensitive endothelial protein that serves as an anti-inflammatory, barrier-protective, and anti-atherogenic factor.
Aging is associated with increased brain iron through cortex-derived hepcidin expression
Authors: Sato Tatsuya , Shapiro Jason Solomon , Chang Hsiang-Chun , Miller Richard A , Ardehali Hossein
Published: January 2022

Iron is an essential molecule for biological processes, but its accumulation can lead to oxidative stress and cellular death. Due to its oxidative effects, iron accumulation is implicated in the process of aging and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the mechanism for this increase in iron with aging, and whether this increase is localized to specific cellular compartment(s), are not known. Here, we measured the levels of iron in different tissues of aged mice, and demonstrated that while cytosolic non-heme iron is increased in the liver and muscle tissue, only the aged brain cortex exhibits an increase in both the cytosolic and mitochondrial non-heme iron. This increase in brain iron is associated with elevated levels of local hepcidin mRNA and protein in the brain. We also demonstrate that the increase in hepcidin is associated with increased ubiquitination and reduced levels of the only iron exporter, ferroportin-1 (FPN1). Overall, our studies provide a potential mechanism for iron accumulation in the brain through increased local expression of hepcidin, and subsequent iron accumulation due to decreased iron export. Additionally, our data support that aging is associated with mitochondrial and cytosolic iron accumulation only in the brain and not in other tissues.
Lyrisk kompleksitet i antropocen. Ein formorientert, berekraftig litteraturdidaktikk
Authors: Myren-Svelstad Per Esben
Published: January 2022

Med utgangspunkt i Inger Hagerups dikt «Kvelden lister seg på tå» utforskar artikkelen moglegheitene for ein berekraftig litteraturdidaktikk som legg vekt på kompleksitet og uhygge. Teoretisk lener artikkelen seg på omgrepet «det sublime» slik det blir definert av Immanuel Kant og utlagt av den økologiske tenkaren Timothy Morton. Vidare byggjer lesinga av diktet på teori om lyrikk som affektiv form og på dei hermeneutiske implikasjonane av Kristin Hallbergs ikonotekstomgrep. Desse tilnærmingane framhevar spennet mellom det trygge og det uhyggjelege i diktet, og artikkelen utforskar korleis lyrikk for born kan stimulere evna til å dvele ved kompleksitet og det uavklåra. Slik kan litteraturdidaktikken byggje opp under ein berekraftig, audmjuk veikskap overfor omverda.
Distant Reading of the Metadata of the Digitized Hungarian Charm Corpus
Authors:   Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Budapest, Hungary, Ilyefalvi Emese
Published: January 2022

Based on Éva Pócs’ manual charm index an online database was created for Hungarian verbal charms within the East–West Research Group at the Institute of Ethnology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Budapest), between 2013 and 2018. The main goal was to create a multidimensional digital database. Digital text preparation would open the gates to new interpretations and analyses, which would bring us closer to understanding the compound and complex phenomena of charms. In the Digital Database of Hungarian Verbal Charms users can search by various metadata, like date and place of collection/recording, name of collector/scribe, informant, type of source, function of the charm, rites/gestures, language of the text, keywords etc. This paper focuses on how different new arrangements and distant reading of the corpora can reshape our knowledge about the Hungarian verbal charms.
Book Review
Authors: Olsan Lea T.
Published: January 2022

Marcello Barbato, Incantamenta Latina et Romanica. scongiuri e formule magiche dei secoli V-XV, Testi e Documenti di Letteratura e di Lingua XLI (Roma: Salerno Editrice, 2019)
Phenotypic Evaluation of Advanced Breeding Lines for Resistance against Bacterial Leaf Blight Disease in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Srujana V. , Balram M. , Srinivas B. , Balram N.
Published: January 2022

Bacterial Leaf Blight disease epidemically damaged the rice crop. Absence of resistance against BLB disease in MTU1010 is one of the main reason for these epidemics. Thus, there is urgent need to search for resistant source and subsequently, their phenotypic evaluation to validate the resistant source. In this paper discussing about the highlights of phenotypic evaluation of Bacterial Leaf Blight resistance in MTU1010 NIL variety of rice. In the present study, fifty advanced breeding lines along with parents i.e., MTU1010 NIL X Akshayadhan NIL, were screened for bacterial leaf blight disease, Thirty-four breeding lines were shown resistance against bacterial leaf blight disease.
Gravity Fed Micro Irrigation System for Small Landholders and Its Impact on Livelihood - A Review
Authors: Sherpa T. S. , Patle G. T. , Rao K. V. R.
Published: January 2022

Worldwide pressurized micro irrigation technologies have remarkably shown its effectiveness in water saving and increasing the crop yield with several other benefits. Although among the small land holder farmers, adoption of pressurized micro irrigation system is minimal mainly due to the small land holding and more system cost. Gravity micro irrigation is one of the best alternatives for the small land holder farmers with almost all benefits derived by the pressurized micro irrigation. Gravity fed drip irrigation has enormous capability for water and nutrient conservation. This review paper explains design, layout, features of gravity fed micro irrigation system, its suitability and benefits to the small farmers for achieving more yield per drop of water. The comprehensive attempt in the current review analysis is to enhance a most favourable methodology and technology to magnify and intensify the operation of gravity fed drip irrigation system in extensive cultivation and production. Further to accomplish the efficient utilization of available water resources for growing horticultural crops in hilly region of India, gravity-fed micro irrigation should be integrated with water harvesting system.
Annona muricata L. Suppresses Stannous Chloride Effects through Changing Hematological Parameters in Male New Zealand White Rabbits
Authors: Ali Marfoua. S. , Khaled Fayrouz A. , Saloumah Hajir Sh
Published: January 2022

Background: Annona muricata. L has a wide range of therapeutic characteristics and is frequently used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments. Stannous chloride (SnCl2) are widely used in daily life and distributed in many tissues and nutrients. Although over-ingestion of SnCl2, can cause health problems, relatively little attention has been given to the toxic effects of this compound in livestock health and hematological parameters. This study was designed to study protective roles of A. muricata L. against SnCl2 effects through alleviating hematological disturbances in adult male New-Zealand white rabbits.

Materials and Methods: Four rabbits per group were assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups: 0 mg A. muricata and 0 mg SnCl2/kg BW (control); 100 mg of A. muricata /kg BW; 20 mg SnCl2/kg BW; 20 mg SnCl2 plus 100 mg of A. muricata /kg BW. Rabbits were orally administered the respective doses every other day for 10 weeks.

Results: The obtained results showed that A. muricata alone caused increase in body weight, relative weight of liver, lung, heart and kidney. It also caused increase hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) level and number of platelets (PLT) compared to control. However, treatment with A. muricata was caused significant decrease in white blood cell counts (WBCs) and non-significant decrease in red blood cell counts (RBCs), mean cell volume (MCV). Meanwhile, treatment with SnCl2 was lead to adverse effect on the body weight and relative organs weight practically spleen. It was caused significant increase in WBCs, MCV compared to control. The rest of hematological parameters (RBCs, PCV, PLT, Hb and MCHC) were significantly decreased, which indicated to cause anemia. Previous parameters were returned to normal values in group that treatment with A. muricata plus SnCl2. In term of bone marrow smear, all smears are similar in terms of numbers and types of cells.

Conclusion: Results of the present study convincingly demonstrated that SnCl2 exposure resulted in varying degree of hematological parameters of rabbits. A. muricata has been promise as nutritional supplements to help prevent disorders involving SnCl2 induced these effects. Thus A. muricata may be helpful to combat SnCl2 associated sufferings in human as well as animal.
Mixed Germ Cell Tumour of Ovary WTH Chemotherapy Side Effect
Authors: Biswas Anupriya , Moon Shalini H. , Ankar Ruchira
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Mixed germ cell tumour is a very rare type of aggressive cancer, consisting of more than one type of germ cell components. The most common component reported was dysgerminoma, followed by endodermal sinus tumour, teratoma, choriocarcinoma and embryonal carcinoma respectively. This study focuses on the combination of dysgerminoma and endodermal sinus tumour (yolk sac tumour) along with the hearing loss as the side effect of chemotherapy.

Clinical Findings: Pain in the lower abdomen (lump is visible and has occupied hypogastrium along with bilateral iliac region extending 2-3 cm above the umbilicus), backache, fever (100.6 °F). Later after the third chemo cycle, it was found that the patient has progressive mild hearing loss.

Diagnostic Evaluation: HB= 9.7gm%, TLC= 10300/cumm, PLT= 5,49 lakhs/cumm, CA 125= 909 U/ML.

Histopathology Report: Ascitic fluid along with thirteen containers containing right ovarian mass, right ovary with mass, right fallopian tube, bowel deposits as well as residual nodules and pelvic deposits were sent of which, the reports indicated mixed germ cell tumour of the ovary.

Therapeutic Intervention: Packed red blood cells transfusion, Pre-chemo and post-chemo hydration, Pre-chemo and post-chemo drugs, BEP Chemotherapy (Bleomycin, Etoposide, Cisplatin).

Conclusion: My patient aged 11 years old female was admitted to Gynaecology Ward No – 16, AVBRH on 27/12/2020 for the first cycle of chemotherapy with the complaints of lower abdominal pain, backache and fever. The patient was diagnosed as the case of mixed germ cell tumour, further had mild hearing loss as the side effect of chemotherapy  The patient is on chemo and is advised for follow up care once a month.
Development of Validated RP-HPLC Method for Estimation of Empagliflozin and Metformin in Combined Formulation
Authors: Vijaya Vichare , Ujjwala Kandekar , Pallavi Dhaware , Choudhari V. P.
Published: January 2022

Aim: The aim of the present study include development of validated RP-HPLC method for estimation of Empagliflozin and Metformin in combined dosage form by using LC-MS compatible volatile mobile phase.

Methodology: Appropriate separation of drugs was achieved using C18 column as a stationary phase and Acetonitrile: Water (50: 50, v/v) at a flow rate 1mL/min as mobile phase. Detection was done at 230 nm.

Results: The Rt of Metformin and Empagliflozin was found to be 2.20 ± 0.02 min and 3.64 ± 0.02 min respectively. When the marketed formulation was analyzed by the developed method, the % drug contents were found to be 98.57 ± 1.28 and 99.86 ± 1.02 %w /w for Empagliflozin and Metformin, respectively. The method was found to be linear in a range of 11.25 – 56.25 μg/mL for Empagliflozin and 85 – 425 μg/mL for Metformin. Detection limit and quantitation limit were found to be 0.30 and 0.92 μg/mL for Empagliflozin and 1.12 and 3.36 μg/mL for Metformin, respectively. The accuracy and precision results were found to be near 100 % w/w for both the drugs. The method was also found to be robust and specific.

Conclusion: The developed RP-HPLC method was found to be linear, sensitive, accurate,     precise, specific and robust for the analysis of Empagliflozin and Metformin in combined dosage form.
The Factors Altering the Age of Onset of Menstruation among Adolescent Girls in Wardha Region
Authors: Sawal Anupama , Chimurkar Vilas , Fulmali Darshna , Ingole Geetanjali
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Several studies have found that the most common age of menstruation onset has come down dramatically over the previous century, and that there has been a profane (with respect to time) tendency toward early menstruation onset in most metropolitan countries.

Emerging economies, such as India, have also suffered a drop in recent years.

The purpose of our study was to determine how diet and socioeconomic status influenced menarche age in this location.

Methods: Following a simple random sampling among the schools, 100 girls between the ages of 10 and 15 were volunteered for this study.

The girls were given a pre-designed questionnaire after receiving clearance and agreement from the school principal/class teacher.

The female doctor gave the girls a brief examination.

The age of the mother during menarche, as well as the family's socioeconomic situation and other characteristics, were all enquired about in depth.

Results: Our study shows that the age of onset of menstruation in higher socioeconomic classes is lower as compared to Lower Socioeconomic class. No significant relation between BMI & type of food and usual age of onset of menstruation was seen in this study.

Conclusions: As we progress from a lower to a better socioeconomic level, we see a trend of lowering the age of first menstrual flow. Because such data is scarce in this portion of India, more research must be conducted among girls from other parts of the state before the data can be compared to national figures.
Myths and Misconceptions about Novel COVID-19 Outbreaks among Wardha City General Population
Authors: Pipare Parmeshwari k. , Pothale Bhuvaneshwari B. , Rajiv Rajani , Raut Adesh , Sharma Ranjana , Gujar Samruddhi
Published: January 2022

Background: COVID-19 is a unique pulmonary ailment due to coronavirus, producing extremely severe pulmonary illness. On March 11, 2020, WHO declared the SARS-CoV-2 incident a pandemic because of its deadly global spread.

Objectives: To assess the myths and misconceptions about Novel COVID-19 outbreaks among the general population and associate the findings of the Novel COVID-19 outbreak with the selected demographic variable.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive research paper was undertaken to assess the perceived myths and misconceptions about novel COVID-19 outbreaks among the general population at Paloti, district Wardha. The sampling technique was used Non – Probability Convenient. A total of 150 members of the general population who met the inclusion criteria were chosen for this study. To assess their perceived myths and misconceptions, a Likert Scale was constructed.

Results: Findings of the study, 1.33% of general populations have disagreed, 10% were undecided, 50.67% of them were agreed, and 38% of them were strongly agreed about myths related to Novel COIVD-19. The Minimum perceived myths score was 19, and the maximum score was 48. The mean perceived myths score was 37.83±6.07, and the mean percentage of myths score was 75.66±12.14.0.67% of general populations were disagreed, 2% were undecided, 29.33% of them were agreed, and 68% of them were strongly agreed about misconceptions related to Novel COIVD-19. The minimum and highest misunderstanding scores were 18 and 49, respectively. The mean misunderstanding score was 83.179.09, while the mean misconception score was 41.584.54. There is no correlation between demographic factors and myths and misconceptions.

Conclusion: According to this study, myths and misconceptions related to the novel COVID-19 are surprisingly low among the general population.
A Review on Otitis externa: An Approach to a Etiopathogenesis, Epidemiology, Clinical Features and Management Protocol
Authors: Gupta Jatin , Gaurkar Sagar , Gupta Sonal
Published: January 2022

Introduction: The external ear is the part of our ears which is seen from outside. It is made up of the auricles (pinna) and external auditory canal; and, includes the outer wall of the middle ear, i.e. the eardrum. Otitis externa is a regular presentation when on call for ENT or at the emergency ENT health clinic or centre. Infective and reaction groups of otitis externa are classified.

Methodology: The articles reviewed in this narrative review article have been traced from a variety of links and sources over the internet like PubMed, NCBI, ScienceDirect, NHSINFORM, Uptodate, WebmedCentral, American family physician, ClevelandClinic, StatPearls, and many more. References from high yielding sources were taken and the articles were properly assessed.

Results: Paying attention to the scientific elements while performing an operative procedure can  give a physician extended results. Which operative modality to be chosen depends on the patient. The patient’s choices are also important in the decision making of the operation.

Discussion: External otitis is possibly spotted in almost every peer category. Approximately ten percent (10%) of humans may face this condition during their lifetime. Most of the time, the infection is mixed. Medical intervention of the ear can prove painful for most cases, therefore, post-surgery analgesics must be utilized for a time period which the treating physician prescribes. The aim of curing the patient is to free him/her from the symptoms and getting rid-off any pathogen causing a specific infection.

Conclusion: The efficacy of operative modalities of extremes of otitis externa will rely on complete patient examination, history and lab results. Selection of the correct intervention, proper knowlege of the regional anatomy, paying attention to scientific elements and good post-operative care is necessary. It is never easy  to avoid otitis externa, but we can make an effort to decrease the risk of developing this problem.
A Review on the Antioxidant and Antiaging Properties of White Tea
Authors: Somavanshi Deepak B. , Kamble Priyadarshani R. , Patil Chandrashekhar D. , Jadhav Shivraj P. , Sonawane Ganesh B.
Published: January 2022

The present review explored to extend the current knowledge by highlighting the antioxidative and antiaging profile of white tea. White tea, the least processed of the teas, is one of the least investigated and has the highest phenolic content. The white tea has a great potential on the skin for cosmetics and the for better skin physiology. Tea polyphenols, particularly catechin derivatives, are powerful antioxidants that benefit human health. Because of their potential to scavenge free radicals and thereby prevent oxidative stress, antioxidant components have piqued interest. In this context, several studies have revealed antiaging activity of white tea, as it involved in preventing aging and other age-related disorders. White tea delays the process of aging and improves the longevity of life. This manuscript provides a summary of various bioactive components present in white tea along with the different alkaloids, enriched with (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) and (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG), which are responsible for their health-promoting and antiaging properties.
Effect of COVID-19 Infection in the Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Anand Aditya , Pande Varsha
Published: January 2022

Background: Coronavirus is pandemic virus infection which has recently affected the globe, and as a result, in patients with non-communicable diseases, the associated morbidity and death are substantially greater. One of the most common non-communicable diseases linked to worsening clinical conditions in corona virus patients is diabetes mellitus (dm).

Covid-19 is a zoonotic illness that was firstly found in wuhan city of china, and is now recognized a zoonotic disease that spreads from moist animals to people in 2019. The disease has a low fatality rate and only affects the most seriously ill patients. Approximately 80% of the cases involve patients who are seriously to moderately ill. Since the outbreak of the disease, the number of people who have died has continuously increased.

Summary: The aim for this study is to determine the receptors involved in diabetes and the pathogenetic relationship btw. Covid-19 and diabetes. Both diseases are characterized by inflammation and the release of inflammatory markers. The roles of angiotensin-converting enzyme molecule and dipeptidyl peptidase in covid-19 and diabetes have been investigated. The effects of glucocorticoids and catecholamines, invasion of pancreatic islet cells, medications used to treat covid-19, and hence the lockdown policy, may have a deleterious impact on diabetes patients' glucose control. The results of covid-19 research involving diabetic and non-diabetic patients were also examined. Various medication trials, such as the dapagliflozin and linagliptin trials are still being conducted to see if certain medications are suitable for diabetic people with covid-19.

Conclusion: Diabetes is a risk factor for covid-19 patients, according to the data, leading to their severity and mortality. This article also contains guidelines and recommendations that may be useful in the management and avoidance of diabetic individuals who are infected with covid-19.
Astigmatism in Infants: Study of Changing Visual Axis in Infants and Children
Authors: Sohrot Nidhi , Jhadhav Indrayani , Lohiya Sohan
Published: January 2022

Background: Astigmatism is an abnormality within the curvature of the attention. It occurs when light rays strike a spherical lens obliquely, or the line of vision to its principal axis is not parallel. Refraction away from the axis occurs when light strikes a lens obliquely and distorts the image formed.

Aim: This study aimed to look at the prevalence of against-the-rule, with the-rule, and oblique-axis astigmatism in children. The change in cylinder index of refraction power and alignment of astigmatism in babies and young children is studied.

Methodology: To conduct the study and thoroughly search the literature separately, references and abstracts were reviewed. Books like Parson’s diseases of the Eye by Dr. Radhika Tandon and several articles, WHO website, etc., were referred.

Results: The study relied upon many studies on refractions procured by the near-retinoscopy methodology that knowledgeable Refractionist accomplished.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that young children have a high incidence of against (???) type of astigmatism and that after this age (which age?), most children are with the rule.
Air Pollution Control by Using Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs)
Authors: Kumar K. Arun , Shilpa B. S. , Sandeep S.
Published: January 2022

Among air pollution control strategies, air cleaning with Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) has been drawing more and more attention because of the restraints in the production of secondary pollution. AOPs have a wide range of applications such as air (odour elimination, purification), soil (remediation) and water decontamination. Ideally, the photo catalyst, titanium dioxide, is introduced in the top layer of the concrete pavement for best results. In addition, the combination of TiO2 with cement-based products offers some synergistic advantages, as the reaction products can be adsorbed at the surface and subsequently be washed away by rain. The main aim of this research work is to measure the effect of titanium dioxide as photo catalyst in purifying nitrogen oxide (NOX) and Carbon Oxides (COX) on pavement surface and outdoor environment condition. For that, TiO2 is replaced for cement at different proportions of 5%, 10% & 15% in terms of weight in the cement concrete moulds of 10 mm uniform thickness and curing is done for seven days, then same were exposed to the sunlight at Ijoor circle sampling point Rama Nagar Town for 21 days of observation. From the Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, result it is observed that atom percentage increased maximum of 59.05 for carbon atoms for 10% proportion specimen. Then, check the amount of  percentage for carbon atoms adsorbed by 10% proportion specimen at police/Kandaya Bhavan circle and Railway station circle sampling points of Rama Nagar Town for 21 days of observations and the results shows that, carbon atom percentage increased maximum of 42.99 and 58.69 for carbon atoms respectively at above sampling points. From this work, it is conclude that the  Carbon atoms and Nitrogen atoms present in the atmosphere will be reduce up to some level when replace 10% of Titanium dioxide with cement in the concrete  moulds of 10 mm thickness by Photo catalytic activity.
Transport of Ions, Molecules, and Electrons across the Solid Electrolyte Interphase: What Is Our Current Level of Understanding?
Authors: Krauss Falk Thorsten , Pantenburg Isabel , Roling Bernhard
Published: January 2022

The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the graphite particles of lithium‐ion battery anodes passivates the anode against electrolyte reduction due to electron transfer reactions, and a stable and well‐passivating SEI is an important prerequisite for a long cycle life of batteries. Despite the importance of the SEI for fast battery cycling and for battery aging, the transport of ions, electrons, and molecules across the SEI is poorly understood. This prevents the development of improved SEI formation protocols for reducing the SEI formation time during battery manufacturing as well as for slowing down SEI aging. In this perspective article, possible transport mechanisms inside the SEI are considered, and an overview of the results of transport studies on SEIs formed on carbon‐based electrodes is given. The conclusions that can be drawn from these results are discussed as well as the most important open questions, which should be addressed in future work.
An InGaN/SiNx/Si Uniband Diode Photodetector
Authors: Song Jiaxun , Wang Xingyu , Xu Jinyou , Chen Yongjie , Chen Hedong , Zhao Yingzhi , Zhou Guofu , Nötzel Richard
Published: January 2022

A novel self‐powered InGaN/SiNx/Si uniband diode photodetector (PD) is introduced. The full band structure is first constructed from the transition of direct tunneling to Fowler‐Nordheim tunneling of holes through the ultrathin SiNx interlayer at forward bias in the dark. Basis is the alignment of the n‐InGaN conduction band with the p‐Si valence band at zero bias. Under illumination, the photocurrent, responsivity, and bandwidth for the self‐powered PD at zero bias indicate two distinct operation modes (i) for longer and (ii) for shorter wavelengths of incident light. The two modes involve (i) absorption in Si and electron tunneling through the SiNx interlayer and (ii) absorption in InGaN and hole transport across the SiNx interlayer. The noise is considerably larger in operation mode (i) than in operation mode (ii). This is attributed to the presence or absence of energy barriers for electron and hole transport in PD operation. Hence, noise is introduced as an independent parameter to discriminate between longer and shorter wavelength regions in dual‐wavelength photodetection.
Degradation of tetracycline, sulfamethazine, and tylosin in soil from prairie strips and row crops in Iowa
Authors: Iverson Alyssa N. , Moorman Thomas B. , Soupir Michelle L. , Morrow Amy J.
Published: January 2022

The livestock industry in the United States relies on antibiotics for disease prevention and treatment. As a result, antibiotic‐laden manure is frequently applied to farmland to recycle nutrients. In the soil environment, antibiotics may accumulate and create selective pressure for antibiotic resistance in bacteria or travel to nearby water resources. This in vitro incubation study evaluated whether prairie buffer strips on farmland enhance degradation of three antibiotics—tetracycline, sulfamethazine, and tylosin—compared with degradation in soil from row crops adjacent to the strips. Soil from prairie strips of varying establishment ages and adjacent row crops were evaluated from three central Iowa sampling locations. Antibiotics mixed with swine manure slurry were added to soils at a starting concentration (10 μg kg–1) that reflects common veterinary antibiotic concentrations in soil and runoff after manure application. Antibiotic concentrations were quantified at six time points throughout a 72‐d incubation period and fit to a first‐order model to calculate decay rate constants and half‐lives. The mean half‐life for tetracycline was 0.54 d longer in prairie strip soil than row crop soil, whereas sulfamethazine and tylosin demonstrated no significant difference in persistence in strip or crop soil. Time since the establishment of the prairie strip did not affect antibiotic persistence. Concentrations of each antibiotic decreased to near‐background levels throughout the incubation period. This study suggests that prairie strips do not consistently enhance antibiotic degradation in farm fields, but that antibiotics are unlikely to persist throughout the growing season in soil under strip or crop management.
Brine spill remediation utilizing capillary transport and wicking materials in loam and silty clay soils
Authors: Green Aaron W. , DeSutter Thomas M. , Meehan Miranda A. , Daigh Aaron L. M.
Published: January 2022

Oil and gas extraction from the Bakken and Three Forks shale‐oil reserves often produces large volumes of highly saline water, or brine. Brine releases often cause soils to exhibit poor structural and edaphic properties. Because of these negative effects, active remediation is often attempted through the use of in‐situ and ex‐situ techniques. Unfortunately, many conventional methods can be time intensive, costly, and only partially effective. This study sought to determine if salts could be efficiently removed from coarse‐ and fine‐textured soils through the surficial application of a wicking medium consisting of an engineered, paper‐based humidifier wick or ground wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw while soils were irrigated from the subsurface with either purified water or a gypsum solution. Over a 56‐d period, the humidifier wick with a gypsum solution reduced extractable Na by 82 and 23% in the loam and silty clay columns, respectively. The humidifier wick with purified water treatments reduced extractable Na by 77 and 8% in the loam and silty clay columns, respectively. Ground straw reduced extractable Na by <12% in all cases. The humidifier wick reduced the mean soil electrical conductivity (EC) by >9 dS m–1 with the largest reductions at deeper depths (i.e., >15 dS m–1 or >90% removal). Results show that evaporative wicks are comparable to other surficial remediation techniques in removing salt mass from soil.
PD‐L1 overexpression correlates with JAK2‐V617F mutational burden and is associated with 9p uniparental disomy in myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Milosevic Feenstra Jelena D. , Jäger Roland , Schischlik Fiorella , Ivanov Daniel , Eisenwort Gregor , Rumi Elisa , Schuster Michael , Gisslinger Bettina , Machherndl‐Spandl Sigrid , Bettelheim Peter , Krauth Maria‐Theresa , Keil Felix , Bock Christoph , Cazzola Mario , Gisslinger Heinz , Kralovics Robert , Valent Peter
Published: January 2022

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are chronic stem cell disorders characterized by enhanced proliferation of myeloid cells, immune deregulation, and drug resistance. JAK2 somatic mutations drive the disease in 50–60% and CALR mutations in 25–30% of cases. Published data suggest that JAK2‐V617F‐mutated MPN cells express the resistance‐related checkpoint PD‐L1. By applying RNA‐sequencing on granulocytes of 113 MPN patients, we demonstrate that PD‐L1 expression is highest among polycythemia vera patients and that PD‐L1 expression correlates with JAK2‐V617F mutational burden (R = 0.52; p < .0001). Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays showed that chromosome 9p uniparental disomy (UPD) covers both PD‐L1 and JAK2 in all MPN patients examined. MPN cells in JAK2‐V617F‐positive patients expressed higher levels of PD‐L1 if 9p UPD was present compared to when it was absent (p < .0001). Moreover, haplotype‐based association analyses provided evidence for germline genetic factors at PD‐L1 locus contributing to MPN susceptibility independently of the previously described GGCC risk haplotype. We also found that PD‐L1 is highly expressed on putative CD34+CD38− disease‐initiating neoplastic stem cells (NSC) in both JAK2 and CALR‐mutated MPN. PD‐L1 overexpression decreased upon exposure to JAK2 blockers and BRD4‐targeting agents, suggesting a role for JAK2‐STAT5‐signaling and BRD4 in PD‐L1 expression. Whether targeting of PD‐L1 can overcome NSC resistance in MPN remains to be elucidated in forthcoming studies.
Adverse outcomes in chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors: Follow‐up of patients diagnosed 2002–2017 in a complete coverage and nationwide agnostic register study
Authors: Dahlén Torsten , Edgren Gustaf , Ljungman Per , Flygt Hjalmar , Richter Johan , Olsson‐Strömberg Ulla , Wadenvik Hans , Dreimane Arta , Myhr‐Eriksson Kristina , Zhao Jingcheng , Själander Anders , Höglund Martin , Stenke Leif
Published: January 2022

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have profoundly improved the clinical outcome for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), but their overall survival is still subnormal and the treatment is associated with adverse events. In a large cohort‐study, we assessed the morbidity in 1328 Swedish CML chronic phase patients diagnosed 2002–2017 and treated with TKIs, as compared to that in carefully matched control individuals. Several Swedish patient registers with near‐complete nationwide coverage were utilized for data acquisition. Median follow‐up was 6 (IQR, 3–10) years with a total follow‐up of 8510 person‐years for the full cohort. Among 670 analyzed disease categories, the patient cohort showed a significantly increased risk in 142 while, strikingly, no category was more common in controls. Increased incidence rate ratios/IRR (95% CI) for more severe events among patients included acute myocardial infarction (AMI) 2.0 (1.5–2.6), heart failure 2.6 (2.2–3.2), pneumonia 2.8 (2.3–3.5), and unspecified sepsis 3.5 (2.6–4.7). When comparing patients on 2nd generation TKIs vs. imatinib in a within‐cohort analysis, nilotinib generated elevated IRRs for AMI (2.9; 1.5–5.6) and chronic ischemic heart disease (2.2; 1.2–3.9), dasatinib for pleural effusion (11.6; 7.6–17.7) and infectious complications, for example, acute upper respiratory infections (3.0; 1.4–6.0). Our extensive real‐world data reveal significant risk increases of severe morbidity in TKI‐treated CML patients, as compared to matched controls, particularly for 2nd generation TKIs. Whether this increased morbidity may also translate into increased mortality, thus preventing CML patients to achieve a normalized overall survival, needs to be further explored.
Multicentric Castleman disease: A single center experience of treatment with a focus on autologous stem cell transplantation
Authors: Abdallah Nadine H. , Habermann Thomas , Buadi Francis K. , Gertz Morie A. , Lacy Martha Q. , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Dingli David , Go Ronald S. , Hayman Suzanne R. , Kumar Shaji K. , Kourelis Taxiarchis , Warsame Rahma , Kapoor Prashant , Muchtar Eli , Hwa Yi L. , Fonder Amie L. , Hobbs Miriam A. , Lin Yi , Leung Nelson , Binder Moritz , Siddiqui Mustaqeem A. , Kyle Robert A. , Witzig Thomas E. , Dispenzieri Angela
Published: January 2022

Castleman disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disease characterized by diverse clinical and pathologic features. Due to its rarity, there are limited studies comparing currently available therapies. The role of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in CD has not yet been established. In this paper, we describe the clinical characteristics, treatment choices, and outcomes in 34 Mayo Clinic patients diagnosed with multicentric CD from July 1, 2003 to April 30, 2018. Eighteen patients (53%) also met the criteria for POEMS, including 14 with the osteosclerotic variant. The first‐line treatments included: steroid monotherapy (4), cytotoxic chemotherapy (6), rituximab alone (8) or with chemotherapy (2), anti‐IL6 treatment (3), and ASCT (10). The median follow‐up was 4.8 (range: 0.1–15.2) years. The 5‐ and 10‐year overall survival rates were 84% and 71%, respectively. Sixteen patients received high‐dose chemotherapy followed by ASCT during their disease course. Among those, 14 had multicentric CD associated with POEMS. There were no transplant‐related deaths. All patients had at least a partial response to ASCT, most of whom achieved a complete response. The favorable outcomes seen with ASCT in this cohort suggest that transplantation may have a role in multicentric CD, particularly for patients with multicentric CD associated with POEMS.
Anthropometric parameters to estimate body frame size in children and adolescents: A systematic review
Authors: Guzman‐de la Garza Francisco Javier , Cerino Peñaloza María Susana , García Leal Mariana , Salinas Martínez Ana María , Alvarez Villalobos Neri Alejandro , Cordero Franco Hid Felizardo
Published: January 2022

Objective

To determine the most frequently body frame size (BFS) measurement and to compare the cut‐off values used for classifying body size in children and adolescents.

Methods

This systematic review focused on primary studies and scientific reports published in Medline Ovid, EMBASE, Web of Science, or Scopus between January 1, 2007 and March 31, 2021. Eligible studies must have included at least one BFS parameter measured in healthy children or adolescents. A descriptive analysis and graphic comparison were performed when values of the body frame were available.

Results

A total of 26 studies involving 317 202 children and adolescents from all over the world were included. The report of Frame index predominated (46%). It was followed by the biacromial diameter single or combined with the bitrochanteric and biiliocristal diameter (27%), the wrist circumference (19%), and the grant index (12%). Fourteen studies reported percentile values of the BFS measurement, but only four presented cut‐off values.

Conclusions

There was no unified BFS measurement in children and adolescents neither reference cut‐off values for categorization. The Frame index was the most frequently used. It is difficult to compare BFS statistics due to the diversity of measurements. It is necessary to standardize the use of the methods for measuring BFS.
Whole‐exome sequencing identified novel variants in three Chinese Leigh syndrome pedigrees
Authors: Yang Zhihua , Cao Jun , Song Yucen , Li Suyi , Jiao Zhihui , Ren Shumin , Gao Xu , Zhang Suqin , Liu Jingjing , Chen Yibing
Published: January 2022

Leigh syndrome (LS), the most common mitochondrial disease in early childhood, usually manifests variable neurodegenerative symptoms and typical brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions. To date, pathogenic variants in more than 80 genes have been identified. However, there are still many cases without molecular diagnoses, and thus more disease‐causing variants need to be unveiled. Here, we presented three clinically suspected LS patients manifesting neurological symptoms including developmental delay, hypotonia, and epilepsy during the first year of age, along with symmetric brain lesions on MRI. We explored disease‐associated variants in patients and their nonconsanguineous parents by whole‐exome sequencing and subsequent Sanger sequencing verification. Sequencing data revealed three pairs of disease‐associated compound heterozygous variants: c.1A>G (p.Met1?) and 409G>C (p.Asp137His) in SDHA, c.1253G>A (p.Arg418His) and 1300C>T (p.Leu434Phe) in NARS2, and c.5C>T (p.Ala2Val) and 773T>G (p.Leu258Trp) in ECHS1. Among them, the likely pathogenic variants c.409G>C (p.Asp137His) in SDHA, c.1300C>T (p.Leu434Phe) in NARS2, and c.773T>G (p.Leu258Trp) in ECHS1 were newly identified. Segregation analysis indicated the possible disease‐causing nature of the novel variants. In silico prediction and three‐dimensional protein modeling further suggested the potential pathogenicity of these variants. Our discovery of novel variants expands the gene variant spectrum of LS and provides novel evidence for genetic counseling.
Potential of triazines in Alzheimer's disease: A versatile privileged scaffold
Authors: Gharat Ruchita , Prabhu Arati , Khambete Mihir. P.
Published: January 2022

Triazines are six‐membered privileged scaffolds that have been explored in drug discovery programs owing to their stability in biological media and robust reactivity. Their unique chemical properties have led to the exploration of the triazine‐containing molecules for multifaceted disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD). The pathology of AD involves the interplay of multiple biochemical events such as amyloid beta‐aggregation, formation of reactive oxygen species, cholinergic degradation, and metal ion dysregulation. The growing incidence of AD, coupled with the limited availability of efficacious medicines, necessitates the identification of newer therapeutic approaches. Privileged scaffolds like triazines with the potential for multiple biological effects offer excellent alternatives to the treatment of multifactorial AD. The present review describes numerous triazine‐containing molecules capable of modulating single as well as multiple pathological factors involved in AD. The analysis of structural features of these molecules can provide useful insights for developing newer therapies.
A High‐Voltage Lithium‐Metal Batteries Electrolyte Based on Fully‐Methylated Pivalonitrile
Authors: Li Shaopeng , Fang Shan , Li Zhiwei , Chen Weiyi , Dou Hui , Zhang Xiaogang
Published: January 2022

Nitrile‐based electrolytes with high‐voltage have emerged as attractive candidates for high energy intensive lithium‐metal batteries (LMBs). But they are still hampered by the inherent instability of reductive lithium anodes. Herein, we propose a fully methylated pivalonitrile (PN) as a stable electrolyte solvent for LMBs. This nitrile‐based electrolyte achieves a wide electrochemical window and desired compatibility towards LMB, the assembled Li||Li symmetric cells can achieve satisfying electrochemical performance with low overpotential and high durability (500 h). The uniform and dense Li deposition investigated by operando monitoring during the Li metal plating process reveals the high Coulombic efficiency (CE) and long‐term durability. Furthermore, the full cell coupled with LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 using this optimized electrolyte displays enhanced capacity retention (75.3 % after 300 cycles at 1 C) together with better stability and less CO2 gas production. This study provides new insights in the development of high safety electrolytes and promotes the practical application of high‐voltage lithium‐metal batteries.
Biochar combined with nitrogen fertilizer: a practical approach for increasing the biomass digestibility and yield of rice and promoting food and energy security
Authors: Ali Izhar , Adnan Muhammad , Ullah Saif , Zhao Quan , Iqbal Anas , He Liang , Cheng FangWei , Muhammad Ihsan , Ahmad Shakeel , Wei Shangqin , Jiang Ligeng
Published: January 2022

Rice is an important food crop that provides abundant biomass residues for biofuels. The use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer to increase rice biomass and yield in China has become increasingly common; however, the overuse of N fertilizer can create several environmental hazards and contribute to climate change. Biochar is well known for its ability to reduce N fertilizer amendment requirements without compromising rice yield and biomass. No studies to date have examined the effect of biochar on rice straw cellulose, pentose, and total sugar content under pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. We conducted a two‐season – early (spring) and late (autumn) – field experiment that involved the application of four levels of biochar (0, 10, 20, and 30 t ha−1) and two levels of N (low: 135 kg ha−1; high: 180 kg ha−1) to evaluate rice biomass digestibility, yield, and soil quality during 2019. Compared with sole N fertilizer (i.e., both treatments with 0 t biochar ha−1), biochar application at the rate of 30 t ha−1 combined with 135 kg N ha−1 significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced soil physiochemical properties, including increases in the activity of urease, catalase, and β‐glucosidase by 69%, 25%, and 54%, respectively during both seasons (spring and autumn). Similarly soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were increased in 30 t B ha−1 along with both N rates as compared to sole N treatments. Furthermore, hexoses, pentoses, and total sugars released with NaOH pretreatment were increased by 22%, 10%, and 12.93%, respectively, with 30 t biochar ha −1 plus 135 kg N ha−1 compared with the sole N treatments in both seasons. Moreover, under enzymatic hydrolysis, the hexoses, pentoses, and total sugars released were increased by 36%, 43%, and 39%, respectively, during both seasons. Grain yield, dry matter accumulation, and N production were 28%, 24%, and 19% higher, respectively, with 20 t biochar ha−1 combined with both 135 and 180 kg N ha−1 as compared with sole N applied treatments. There were no significant differences in the yield and biomass digestibility for biochar applied at rates of 20 and 30 t ha−1 along with N rates. Thus, biochar application at 30 t ha−1 with 135 kg N ha−1 was optimal for enhancing the soil fertility, biomass digestibility, and grain yield of rice. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer driven by excited‐state antiaromaticity in metallohexaphyrins
Authors: Kim Jinseok , Kim Hyeonwoo , Oh Juwon , Kim Dongho
Published: January 2022

We investigated the effect of excited‐state antiaromaticity on the ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer (LMCT) process of metallohexaphyrins. According to Baird rule, the aromatic metallohexaphyrins in the S0 state become antiaromatic in the S1 state. Because of the metal–ligand redox‐like nature of LMCT process, the LMCT process can release the antiaromatic nature and its energetic destabilization. The metallohexaphyrins show a correlation between the S0‐state aromaticity and time constants for the LMCT process, which well demonstrates that the excited‐state antiaromaticity at the Franck–Condon state acts as a driving force for the LMCT process. These findings elucidate the effect of excited‐state antiaromaticity on the excited‐state behaviors and further provide an insight into the photochemistry of organic molecules.