bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengalaman Pasien HIV/AIDS yang Menjalani Pengobatan Antiretroviral (ARV) di Yayasan Bina Muda Gemilang Balaraja Tangerang
Authors: Septimar Zahrah Maulidia , Adawiyah Siti Robeatul
Published: September 2019

Pengobatan antiretroviral (ARV) kombinasi merupakan terapi terbaik bagi pasien terinfeksi Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) hingga saat ini. Tujuan utama pemberian ARV adalah untuk menekan jumlah virus (viral load), sehingga akan meningkatkan status imun pasien HIV dan mengurangi kematian akibat infeksi oportunistik. Pada tahun 2015, menurut World Health Organization (WHO) antiretroviral sudah digunakan pada 46% pasien HIV di berbagai negara. Penggunaan ARV tersebut telah berhasil menurunkan angka kematian terkait HIV/AIDS dari 1,5 juta pada tahun 2010 menjadi 1,1 juta pada tahun 2015. Desain penelitian ini adalah kualitatif fenomenologi. Partisipan di tentukan dengan teknik purposive sampling berjumlah sepuluh orang dengan terdiri dari pasien yang positif HIV AIDS yang sedang menjalani pengobatan ARV.Tekhnik wawancara mendalam dilakukan menggunakan alat perekam dan panduan wawancara terstruktur, serta catatan lapangan.Analisa data menggunakan qualitative content analysis dengan pendekatan Collaizi. Tujuan penelitian ini di harapkan dapat menggali lebih dalam tentang pengalaman pasien HIV/AIDS yang menjalani pengobatan ARV. Dari hasil penelitian di temukan beberapa tema yang menjadi pembahasan tema yang di cantumkan berdasarkan apa yang terjadi pada pasien HIV/AIDS yang berkaitan dengan pengalaman konsumsi ARV. Yaitu pemahaman mengenai penyakit HIV/AIDS, mengalani ketidaknyamanan fisik, memahami ketidaknyamanan psikis, hambatan yang dialami selama pengobatan, dukungan selama menjalani pengobatan, harapan untuk mencapai kesembuhan dari penyakit. Diperlukan studi pendahuluan lebih lanjut untuk mengkaji secara mendalam tema yang telah teridentifikasi pada jumlah partisipan yang lebih banyak.
Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan dengan Tindakan Kekerasan Dalam Pacaran Pada Siswa SMA N 16 Kota Bekasi
Authors: Febryana Rohmi , Aristi Dela
Published: September 2019

Kekerasan dalam pacaran merupakan permasalahan remaja yang penting dan harus menjadi perhatian banyak pihak karena dapat berdampak pada kesehatan, seperti dampak fisik berupa memar, patah tulang, dan yang paling berbahaya dapat menyebabkan kecacatan permanen atau bahkan kematian serta dampak psikis berupa sakit hati, jatuhnya harga diri, malu, cemas, memiliki tingkat depresi yang lebih tinggi hingga munculnya keinginan untuk bunuh diri. Selain itu juga pada kekerasan seksual dapat berdampak pada kesehatan reproduksi remaja seperti kehamilan tidak diinginkan, aborsi dan penyakit menular seksual. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor – faktor yang berhubungan dengan tindakan kekerasan dalam pacaran pada siswa SMA X tahun 2019 dengan menggunakan analisis statistik uji Chi Square. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain studi Cross Sectional. Pengumpulan data primer menggunakan kuesioner. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa SMA X yang pernah atau sedang berpacaran, sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 132 siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 80,3% responden pernah melakukan tindakan kekerasan dalam pacaran. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan tindakan kekerasan dalam pacaran adalah pengalaman kekerasan dalam keluarga (P value 0,042) dan keterpaparan konten kekerasan di media online ( P value 0,048). Sekolah dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa dengan mengadakan penyuluhan terkait dengan kesehatan reproduksi dimana salah satu materinya adalah kekerasan dalam pacaran. Bagi orang tua sebaiknya meningkatkan komunikasi yang baik dengan anak remaja, mempelajari pola asuh yang tepat sejak dini dan saat anak menginjak usia remaja.
Determinan Kejadian Malaria
Authors: Darmawansyah Darmawansyah , Habibi Julius , Ramlis Ravika , Wulandari Wulandari
Published: September 2019

Malaria merupakan salah satu penyakit menular yang menyebabkan kematian dan menurunkan produktivitas kerja. WHO menyatakan angka kematian akibat malaria diseluruh dunia diperkirakan 1,5–2,7 juta pertahun. Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara berisiko malaria. Puskesmas padang ulak tanding Kabupaten Rejang Lebong pernah mengalami KLB Malaria. Kegiatan yang sudah dilakukan Puskesmas padang ulak tanding terkait KLB malaria hanya sebatas indentifikasi nyamuk, observasi lingkungan tempat tinggal, dan penyuluhan pada masyarakat. Suatu wilayah yang mengalami KLB tidak cukup dengan identifikasi dan observasi saja, melainkan perlu dilakukan penyelidikan epidemiologi secara mendalam dengan pengkajian determinan kejadian malaria. Tujuan penelitian adalah diketahuinya determinan kejadian malaria didaerah wabah pada Puskesmas padang ulak tanding rejang lebong. Metode penelitian menggunakan desain cross sectional study. Tehnik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah total sampling yaitu semua populasi dijadikan sampel berjumlah 175 orang. Veriabel indenpenden (Breeding palce, Reppelant, PH air, kasa ventilasi, keberadaan kandang ternak, penggunaan kelambu) dan variabel depedenden (Kejadian Malaria). Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat untuk mendeskripsikan distribusi frekuensi dan analisis bivariat untuk membuktikan bahwa masing-masing variabel berisiko terhadap kejadian malaria, uji yang dilakukan adalah uji Chi Sguare (ᵡ2). Hasil Penelitian didapatkan adalah ada hubungan yang bermakna antara Breeding palce (p=0,001), Reppelant (p=0,001), PH air (p=0,001), kasa ventilasi (p=0,016), keberadaan kandang ternak (p=1,000), penggunaan kelambu (p=0,090) dengan kejadian malaria di daerah wabah. Diharapkan kepada masyarakat untuk selalu membersihkan genangan air disekitar rumah, menggunakan obat anti nyamuk pada saat beraktivitas diluar rumah malam hari dan menggunakan kasa pada pentilasi rumah sehingga dapat menghidari dari gigitan nyamuk anopheles.
Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection due to Urinary Catheterization in Obstetric and Gynaecological Operations
Authors: Akter Jesmin , Seraji Ahmad , Nahar Lutfun , Khan Shahriar Islam , Ahsanullah Md Redwan
Published: September 2019

Background: Urinary catheterization is routinely done in major gynaecological and obstetric operations in our country. It has some advantages and disadvantages of its own. Among the advantages, it can significantly prevent retention of urine, help in measuring urinary output, avoid discomfort due to full bladder, prevent postpartum hemorrhage and reduce spinal headache due to reduced movements. On the other hand, it can be a constant source of urethral irritation leading to UTI and can cause urethral strictures. So, a quantitative research is necessary to determine the relationship between urinary catheterization and UTI, for establishing a guideline for judicious catheterization.

Methods: Between January 2010 and December 2011, data was collected for conducting an cross-sectional observational study on 49 subjects undergoing various gynaecological and obstetric operations. Precatheterization urine for routine and culture-sensitivity findings were recorded and compared with catheter tip culture and sensitivity after removal. Besides, other factors e.g. clinical history, comorbidity status, hemoglobin status, duration of catheterization, nature of operation etc was brought into consideration.

Results: Patients having urinary catheters for more than 5 days, were found to be more than twice as likely to be developing UTI in various operations, than the patients having catheter for one day. Preoperative albuminuria was also found to be a likely predisposing factor, as the percentage of patients with UTI who had preoperative albuminuria was double compared to the preoperative albuminuria negative patients. The direct relationship between nature of operation and development of post-catheterization UTI was difficult to establish, because of the duration of catheterization acting as a confounding variable.

Conclusion: In most cases of LUCS and hysterectomy, catheter-associated complications can be overcome by avoiding catheterization altogether. This can be better achieved by encouraging the patient to void their bladder immediately before surgery. In long and complicated operations, catheterization cannot be avoided but the postoperative duration of catheterization can be reduced to avoid complications. Moreover, preoperative optimization of comorbid status, hemoglobin status, albuminuria etc can bring forth a favourable outcome in terms of catheterassociated complications.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(4) 2019 p.696-702
Diagnostic diversities of Clear Fluid encountered during Fine needle aspiration cytology with an analysis of various variables.
Authors: Minz RS , Adhikari A , Biswas S , Ray RN , Bose K , Mondal S
Published: September 2019

Background: Incidental finding of clear fluid during fine needle aspiration (FNA) is not rare in day to day practice of cytology. Though clear in appearance, cells obtained from it may yield a diverse diagnosis ranging from an inconclusive opinion to a malignant lesion. So, clear fluid is not non-significant always; lack of proper processing and examination may prove fatal to a patient.

Aim: To evaluate the diverse diagnosis of clear fluid.

Materials and methods: During a period of three years, hundred and seven cases which yielded clear fluid during FNAC from different parts of the body were studied. Direct and indirect smears (wherever applicable) was prepared, stained and examined microscopically.

Results: Of these 107 cases of clear fluid, Male: Female ratio was 1: 1.6. Maximum cases - 55 (51.40%) was found in the age group 21 to 40 years. Trunk held the most number of lesions - 54 cases (50.46%). FNA results were interpreted as inconclusive in 19 cases (17.76%), benign in 84 cases (78.50%), suspicious in 01 case (0.93%) and malignant in 03 cases (2.80%). Epidermal cyst was the most common benign lesion - 16 cases (14.95%). Malignant lesions found were papillary carcinoma of thyroid, carcinoma of breast and metastatic squamous cell carcinoma – one case each.

Conclusion: Our study emphasizes on the importance of proper examination of clear fluid as it may prove helpful in an undiagnosed case of malignancy and it may also improvise the learning of young pathologists.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(4) 2019 p.753-755
Influence of marginal and segmental bony resection on the local control of oral Squamous cell carcinoma involving the mandible
Authors: Alam Mohammad Deedarul
Published: September 2019

Background and objective: Marginal or segmental resection of bone are often required for tumor removal in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients to secure adequate margin. The present study aims to evaluate the surgical outcome and post-operative complication of both group of patients and also assesses the local control of the disease in the oral cavity.

Methods: In this prospective study, 32 patients who were treated with marginal or segmental jaw resection for oral squamous cell carcinoma of the lower part of oral cavity was undertaken within September 2008 to August 2013.There were 9 males and 23 females with a median age of 40.5 years. Twenty patients underwent marginal and 12 patients had segmental resection of the mandible. Distribution of the subject by age, sex, primary site of lesion, pathologic tumor stage, presence of mandibular invasion, pathologic cervical lymph node stage and feature of post- operative complications were analyzed prospectively.

Results: According to this study, the mandible was involved in 83.3% of patient with segmental resection and 15% of patients with marginal resection. Buccal mucosa was mostly involved site in marginal group (60%) and retro molar trigon was highly involved site with segmental group (41.7%). In marginal group 30% cases was involved with stage1 and 70% was stage2; in segmental group 25% cases were stage2 and 67.7% were stage3. Statistically significant difference was exist in pathological cervical node stage(p<0.05). Mandibular invasion was significantly more in segmental group (p<0.05). Soft tissue surgical margins were positive in 4 patients (20%) in the marginal group and in 3 patients (25%) in the segmental group. Negative neck lymph node was found in 20 (63%) cases and positive neck node was found in 12 (37%) cases, of which four patients, including 2(15%) cases in the marginal group and 2(8.3%) cases in the segmental group was died. Trismus and mastication problems were found higher in segmental than marginal resection group.

Conclusion: Marginal resection of mandible is effective for patient with oral squamous cell carcinoma in the early stage. Post-operative outcome and local control of disease in segmental group were slightly higher than marginal group. Positive surgical margin status and bone invasion was found as the most important predictor of local control of the diseases in patient with oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(4) 2019 p.801-807
Auto-psychological competence of future teacher as a component of professional training and development
Authors: Byrka M. , Chubrey O.
Published: September 2019

This article discusses auto-psychological competence as a system of characteristics that provide a high level of professional competence. Determination of the auto-psychological competence is connected with the fact that a person involved in professional activities should know his / her individual characteristics, abilities and inclinations and use them as means of realizing this activity. In addition, the auto-psychological competence acts as a factor contributing to the professional development of a person, where decisive importance is acquired to: need for self-organization in professional activities, independence and self-responsibility of the future teacher.
The auto-psychological competence as a component of professional competence contributes to the conscious perception of the future teacher of their activities and, accordingly, allows them to manage the processes of self-development and self-education in professional activities, as well as provides a concentration of individual experience for solving professional problems.
Strategy and measures for reducing of flood risk in Balkan countries
Authors: Jovanović L.
Published: September 2019

The EU Flood Directive states that flood risk management plans should focus on prediction, prevention, protection and preparedness. The legal framework of flood management in all countries of Western Balkan is aligned with the EU Flood Directive. Based on the Strategy for Water Management in the Republic of Serbia up to 2034, sector reforms will be implemented in order to achieve the necessary standards in water management. Structural measures (construction of flood defenses). Structural measures identified as “non-regret” in the Action Plan will be implemented through the EU Instrument for pre-accession assistance. The existing system of protection in the Republic of Serbia relies primarily on passive measures. In spite of such important infrastructure facilities, the concept of the fight against floods has proved to be unsustainable in recent times. Whereas the meteorological and hydrological conditions cannot be controlled early warning, preparedness and flood forecasts are essential to reduce the damages of flooding.
Rationale and analysis of the effectivenes softarget-oriented measures of psycho-correction and psychological support of patients with chronic disease
Authors: Khodakivsky Yu.
Published: September 2019

The article presents the substantiation of target-oriented methods of psycho-corrective measures of patients with сhronic dorsal pain syndrome, which are aimed at the initial removal of negative psycho-emotional states, further work with the personal qualities of the investigated persons, their worldview, provoking somatic disorders, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral disorders. The results of the comparative analysis of indicators of the intervention group and the comparison group before and after conducting psycho-corrective measures are presented.
It is shown that the proposed system of correction and support contributes to the positive changes in the conative and affective sphere of patients with CDPS. There was also a correlation of positive psycho-emotional and personal changes with changes in physical health in a better direction.
It was found that the level of psycho-emotional state, subjective perception of social support and quality of life, vitality, individual and personal qualities, and variants of coping strategies were improved significantly in the intervention group compared to the primary indicators. The indicators either remained unchanged or slightly worsened in the comparison group.
Thus, a targeted-oriented approach can greatly enrich the arsenal of psychological means that will reveal the negative, maladaptive positions of patients with chronic dorsal pain syndrome and will contribute to the improvement of somatic, psycho-emotional states, correction of behavioral patterns and will contribute to personality development.
Foreign Cultural Realities and Ethnic Images in Oles Honchar’s “Diaries”
Authors: Prylipko Iryna
Published: September 2019

The paper deals with the speciﬁc features of describing foreign countries and nations in O. Honchar’s “Diaries”. The presented research shows particular details of foreign realities in the author’s perception, classiﬁes the factors of forming ethnic images, and evaluates the originality of their representation in “Diaries”. In the context of the Own and Alien space correlation O. Honchar’s position becomes visible. He underlines the absence of stereotypes and domination of shared spiritual people’s values in forming the conception of a stranger. Foreign cultural realities and ethnic images, represented in “Diaries”, were the results of the author’s detailed observation and deep penetration into the facts of spiritual and material culture, mental peculiarities, history and present situation of different nations (Georgians, Jews, Russians, Portuguese, Indians, Americans, Japanese and others). The concept Other/Alien is formed involving such points as projection on the Own space, comparison of different foreign cultural facts with the realities of Ukrainian context. The diary notes represent the evolution of the author’s reception. The war period notes demonstrate domination of the Alien in the process of perceiving foreign culture, which is caused by the tragic war situation and longing for the native land. The post-war period notes show O. Honchar’s reﬂections on his war experience, the writer’s interest in cultural, historical, and social peculiarities of certain people. The reproduction of foreign cultural realities evolved. Ethnic images were designed on the basis of observation, impressions, generalization, and comparison of topographic, ideological, artistic, and historical peculiarities. They all formed an ethnomental image of a separate nation. The ethnic images, represented in O. Honchar’s “Diaries”, are based on humanistic values. They emphasize the idea of spiritual universality of different people, underlining the facts that unite representatives of different countries.
Tacit Labours of Digital Social Research as an Early Career Researcher
Authors: Abidin Crystal
Published: September 2019

Consider this essay as two brief confessions on the pressures of conducting ‘digital social research’ as an Early Career Researcher. Specifically, the confessions call out two emergent norms in academia: that early career digital social researchers ought to be visible and trackable online, and that we ought to focus on novel and innovative phenomena pioneered by ‘the youngs’. These two expectations have insidiously been integrated into early career digital social researchers’ repertoires of ‘tacit labours’ – “a collective practice of work that is understated and under-visibilized from being so thoroughly rehearsed that it appears as effortless and subconscious.” (Abidin 2016, p. 10) – in that it is assumed that being ‘Extremely Online’ and ‘Young ’ are generational literacies ‘naturally’ hardwired into our systems.
Роль прокурора в забезпеченні законності затримання особи за підозрою у вчиненні злочину
Authors: Іваницький С. О.
Published: September 2019

У статті проаналізовано роль прокурора в забезпеченні законності затримання особи за підозрою у вчиненні злочину. Розкрито правові та організаційні основи наглядової діяльності прокурора в цій сфері. Досліджено проблемні питання затримання особи за підозрою у вчиненні злочину.  Визначено такі пріоритетні напрями діяльності прокурора щодо забезпечення законності застосування  гаданого запобіжного заходу, як перевірка дотримання підстав та строків затримання, забезпечення належного інформування затриманої особи про належні їй права, додержання права на захист, належних умов тримання та поводження із затриманою особою.
Конституційна скарга як інструмент захисту прав людини в Україні
Authors: Копча В. В.
Published: September 2019

Статтю присвячено аналізу моделі конституційної скарги в Україні. Особливу увагу приділено розкриттю конституційного регулювання права на конституційну скаргу, а також положенням закону «Про Конституційний Суд України» з цього питання. Зроблено висновки щодо специфіки моделіконституційної скарги в Україні, зокрема, що «частково нормативна» модель конституційної скарги за своїм потенціалом може бути ефективним інструментом захисту гарантованих Конституцією України прав людини за умови результативної діяльності Конституційного Суду України.
Грошова застава як умова реалізації пасивного виборчого права громадян у контексті правових позицій Європейського суду з прав людини та Конституційного суду України
Authors: Сакір-Молочко Н. В.
Published: September 2019

У статті досліджено правову природу поняття «грошова (виборча) застава» та проаналізовано висновки провідних національних і міжнародних установ щодо доцільності законодавчого встановлення грошової застави в аспекті забезпечення рівних виборчих прав громадян. Особливу увагу приділено правовим оцінкам грошової застави як інституту виборчого права в рішеннях Європейського суду з прав людини та Конституційного Суду України. За результатами дослідження дійдено висновку про основні умови, що мають бути враховані законодавцем для того, щоб грошова застава виступала індикатором, а не перешкодою належної реалізації пасивного виборчого права громадянами.
Containing Large-Scale Criminal Violence through Internationalized Prosecution: How the CICIG Contributed to the Reduction of Guatemala's Murder Rate
Authors: Trejo Guillermo , Nieto-Matiz Camilo
Published: September 2019

This article explores whether and how internationalized prosecution contributes to the reduction of criminal violence. Internationalized prosecution is a strategy of cooperation between international organizations and domestic institutions to investigate and prosecute state security agents and criminals who collude to dominate illicit markets. We focus on the International Commission Against Impunity in Guatemala (CICIG), a UN-backed institution in which international investigators collaborated with Guatemala’s public prosecutors and the police to dismantle criminal structures that emerged during the country’s civil war. Results from a Synthetic Control Model show that had Guatemala not adopted the CICIG in 2008, the country’s homicide rate would have doubled in 2016. Substantively, the CICIG contributed to prevent over 18,000 murders. We argue that the training and protection the CICIG provided to Guatemalan prosecutors empowered them to reduce murder rates by preventing murder-for-hire operations, reducing criminal competition, deterring state-criminal collusion, restricting iron-fist policies, and discouraging private violence.
Examining the Concerns of Low-income, African American Postpartum Mothers in Order to Create Effective Health and Weight-related Programs
Authors: Dodson Riley A. , Allen Bailey K. , Zuercher Jennifer L.
Published: September 2019

Objective: Returning to pre-pregnancy weight is important for long term weight control as well as for ensuring healthy subsequent pregnancies. In this study, we set out to discover the health-related concerns and intervention preferences of postpartum mothers living in East St. Louis in an effort to promote a return to pre-pregnancy weight among women living in this community.

Methods: Twenty-eight mothers of infants participating in the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program in East St. Louis, IL were recruited to participate in this qualitative study. Questions and discussion focused on mothers’ health concerns and their ability to prioritize their own needs. Using Atlas.ti, researchers conducted content and thematic analysis of group transcripts.

Results: Weight in and of itself was not generally a concern unless it interfered with one’s ability to be happy and comfortable with themselves. Women were interested in addressing their health needs, but ultimately, stress and other priorities get in the way. To address their needs, group-based interventions that involve their children (i.e. child care for younger kids and educational programming for older children) would be the most useful. Additionally, support between in person sessions would provide opportunities for additional learning and motivation to continue pursuing health goals.

Conclusions: Prioritization of one’s own health is a challenge for mothers of infants given the demands of their role as a new mother. In creating health-related interventions for this population, weight specific programs should be avoided while facilitating balance in participants’ lives should be the priority.
Effect of NSAIDs on Muscle Adaptations to Resistance Training: A Brief Review
Authors: Salamah Ahmad , Shin Junchul , Park Joon-Young
Published: September 2019

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are popular amongst various populations to treat a myriad of ailments. One common use is to lessen delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) after intense exercise, generally prevalent in eccentric muscle contractions. To date, many studies have been conducted investigating the effects of NSAIDs on skeletal muscle hypertrophy and function. Existing literature reports very different results and conclusions with respect to the effects of these drugs on resistance training-induced adaptations in skeletal muscle. To best answer the question concerning NSAIDs and functional muscle hypertrophy, this review outlines literature and categorizes various factors which influence study outcomes. Although the literature examining the topic is conflicting, the results seem to vary heavily based on the subjects’ characteristics, dosages, and resistance training protocols. Specifically, the age can be a pivotal factor in determining the response seen from supplementing with NSAIDs. In conclusion, NSAIDs may be a smart approach to DOMS for older populations, while younger individuals may be limiting exercise-induced skeletal muscle adaptations.
Adenovirus Infection Rate of Chinese Children with Respiratory Diseases: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Yue Shuting , Li Na , Jian Can , Dai Xiaoxia
Published: September 2019

Objectives: To analysis the epidemiological characteristics of adenovirus infection rate of Chinese children with respiratory diseases.

Methods: Database such as PubMed, EMbase, CNKI, VIP and Wan Fang Data were searched for studies investigating adenovirus infection rate of Chinese children with respiratory diseases up to August 1st, 2018. Screened literature, exacted data, and methodological quality assessment of included studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, then used the Stata11.0 for Meta-analysis.

Results: The analysis of 54 studies showed that the rate of adenovirus infection in children with respiratory diseases in China was 4.5%, and the confidence interval was 3.7% to 5.6%. Subgroup analysis indicated that the adenovirus infection rates of children with respiratory diseases in northern and southern China were 8.3% and 3.5%, respectively. The detection rate of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was 7.8%, and the immune fluorescence and ELISA methods were 2.6% and 8.8%, respectively. The adenovirus infection rates of sample size in 1000 cases, 1000-5000 cases and more than 5000 cases were 5.8%, 4.7% and 3.1%, respectively. Adenovirus infection rates published in the 2000-2005, 2006-2010, and 2011-2018 groups were 3.5%, 1.4%, and 4.8%, respectively. The adenovirus infection rates in the 1 year, 1-3 years and 3 years were 5.3%, 4.8%, and 3.6%, respectively.

Conclusions: The adenovirus infection rate of Chinese children with respiratory diseases is different in different areas, test methods, sample size, the published time and study span.
A Rapid Assessment of the Impacts of Gold Mining on Women’s Health and Quality of Life in Ashanti Region, Ghana
Authors: Muvuka Baraka , Harris Muriel J.
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Gold mining is crucial to economic growth and development in several countries including Ghana. It accounts for 40% of Ghana's export earnings and 5.7% of Ghana's GDP. While gold mining yields substantial economic benefits, substandard mining operations have been associated with adverse health, environmental, and social impacts. Exposures to high concentrations of toxic metals (e.g. mercury, lead, arsenic) in water, food, air, and soil have been documented among mine workers and residents of mining communities. Women and children in mining communities are particularly vulnerable; however, the impacts of mining practices on their health and quality of life remain understudied.

Methods: This study explored women's perceptions of the impacts of gold mining on their health and quality of life in a community bordering the Obuasi gold mine in Ghana. A qualitative research design was employed, consisting of in depth semi-structured interviews. Participants also completed short socio-demographic surveys. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and imported into Dedoose for analysis. Thematic analysis was conducted to group codes into conceptual themes. Descriptive statistics were generated in SPSS.

Results: A total of 15 women were interviewed, about half (53%) of whom had a primary education and were married (57%). A majority (83.3%) had children under 5 years old. Participants revealed that while the mining industry provided indirect socio-economic benefits to women, it was associated with environmental degradation, a range of health issues, lack of access to farmlands, and limited sustainable income-generating activities for women, all of which negatively impacted their quality of life. Participants provided specific recommendations to improve health and quality of life of women residing in the mining community.

Conclusions: Women in mining communities face unique social, health, and safety concerns related to mining activities. There is an urgent need for gender sensitive policies that promote environmentally and economically sustainable, centered and socially responsible mining practices that improve women’s social-economic and health status.
“It used to be called an old man’s game”: Masculinity, ageing embodiment and senior curling participation
Authors: Allain Kristi A. , Marshall Barbara L.
Published: September 2019

The sport of curling, popular among older populations in Canada and conventionally imagined as a sport for older people, offers an important window into what it means to be an older man participating in sport. While researchers have extensively studied expressions of youthful masculinity in sport culture, scholarship about the confluence of gender expression and old age in sport is much rarer. Using Connell and Messerschmidt’s (2005) reconfiguration of hegemonic masculinity, and drawing on 19 interviews with older men who curl in mid-sized Canadian towns, we argue that later-life men negotiate complex models of appropriate masculinity that borrow from hegemonic exemplars available in earlier life, deploying certain forms of intellectual, class and gender privilege to do so. At the same time, they disrupt these hegemonies through an emphasis on interdependence, caring relationships and the acceptance of bodily limitations.
A High-Frequency Model of a Rectilinear Beam with a T-Shaped Cross Section
Authors: Hull Andrew J. , Perez Daniel , Cox Donald L.
Published: September 2019

This paper derives an analytical model of a straight beam with a T-shaped cross section for use in the high-frequency range, defined here as approximately 1 to 35 kHz. The web, the right part of the flange, and the left part of the flange of the T-beam are modeled independently with two-dimensional elasticity equations for the in-plane motion and Mindlin flexural plate equation for the out-of-plane motion. The differential equations are solved with unknown wave propagation coefficients multiplied by circular spatial domain functions. These algebraic equations are then solved to yield the wave propagation coefficients and thus produce a solution to the displacement field in all three directions. An example problem is formulated and compared with solutions from fully elastic finite element modeling, a previously derived analytical model, and Timoshenko beam theory. It is shown that the accurate frequency range of this new model is significantly higher than that of the analytical model and the Timoshenko beam model, and, in the frequency range up to 35 kHz, the results compare very favorably to those from finite element analysis.
Protein Elicitor PeaT1 Efficiently Controlled Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus in Wheat
Authors: Li Lin , Wang Shuangchao , Yang Xiufen , Francis Frederic , Qiu Dewen
Published: September 2019

Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), transmitted by the wheat aphid, generates serious wheat yellow dwarf disease and causes great losses in agriculture. Induced resistance has attracted great attention over recent years as a biological method to control plant pathogens and herbivores. Protein elicitor PeaT1 induces defense response in plants against fungi, viruses, and aphids. In this study, wheat seeds and seedlings were soaked and sprayed with 30 μg/mL PeaT1, respectively. Then seedlings were inoculated with BYDV by viruliferous Schizaphis graminum to detect the control efficiency of PeaT1-induced resistance against BYDV. The control efficiency was over 30% on the 14th and 21st days after the inoculation access period. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (Q-RT-PCR) tests showed that there was less mRNA from the BYDV coat protein in PeaT1-treated wheat seedlings than in the control group. Electrical penetration graph (EPG) tests showed that virus transmission vector S.graminum took a longer time to find probe and feeding sites on PeaT1-treated wheat seedlings. Additionally, PeaT1-treated wheat seedlings gained higher plant height and more chlorophyll a&b. These results showed that PeaT1 efficiently controlled BYDV by inhibiting BYDV proliferation, reducing the virus transmission ability of S. graminum and alleviating the symptoms of dwarfism and yellow colouring caused by BYDV. This study provided a new integrated way to control BYDV biologically.
Muscle Energy Metabolism, Growth, and Meat Quality in Beef Cattle
Authors: Wicks Jordan , Beline Mariane , Gomez Juan Fernando Morales , Luzardo Santiago , Silva Saulo Luz , Gerrard David
Published: September 2019

World meat production must increase substantially to support current projections in population growth over the next 30 years. However, maximizing product quality remains a focus for many in the meat industry, as incremental increases in product quality often signal potential increases in segment profitability. Moreover, increases in meat quality also address concerns raised by an ever-growing affluent society demanding greater eating satisfaction. Production strategies and valued endpoints differ worldwide, though this makes the global marketing of meat challenging. Moreover, this variation in production schemes makes it difficult for the scientific community to understand precisely those mechanisms controlling beef quality. For example, some cattle are produced in low input, extensive, forage-based systems. In contrast, some producers raise cattle in more intensive operations where feeding programs are strategically designed to maximal growth rates and achieve significant fat deposition. Yet, others produce cattle that perform between these two extremes. Fresh meat quality, somewhat like the variation observed in production strategies, is perceived differently across the globe. Even so, meat quality is largely predicated on those characteristics visible at the retail counter, namely color and perceived texture and firmness. Once purchased, however, the eating experience is a function of flavor and tenderness. In this review, we attempt to identify a few areas where animal growth may impact postmortem energy metabolism and thereby alter meat quality. Understanding how animals grow and how this affects meat quality development is incumbent to all vested in the meat industry.
Dissection of Year Related Climatic Variables and Their Effect on Winter Rapeseed (Brassica Napus L.) Development and Yield
Authors: Marjanović-Jeromela Ana , Terzić Sreten , Jankulovska Mirjana , Zorić Miroslav , Kondić-Špika Ankica , Jocković Milan , Hristov Nikola , Crnobarac Jovan , Nagl Nevena
Published: September 2019

Winter oilseed rape (WOSR) production is dependent on weather conditions, but is also characterized by low nitrogen (N) use efficiency. The objectives of this study were to: (i) evaluate sources of variability for the seed yield and oil content of four rapeseed cultivars under the influence of three sowing dates (SD trial) and five nitrogen dosages (N trial) during four growing seasons; (ii) understand year-related interactions and the effect of climatic variables in different growth stages; and (iii) assess the presence of interactions cultivar by year (C × Y) and treatment by year (T × Y). Six climatic factors were observed, during germination, overwintering, budding, flowering and ripening. The mixed effect split-plot analysis of variance was used, as well as factorial regression models. The C × Y interaction was the most important for the oil content in both trials. The precipitation at budding stage (75.8%), relative air humidity at overwintering (63.3%) and flowering stage (53.0%) accounted for the highest proportion of T × Y interaction for the seed yield, as well as precipitation at flowering (92.0%) and ripening (85.0%) for the oil content. Water availability was the main determinant of the seed yield and/or oil content accompanied with cooler temperatures during the seed development. The study successfully dissected the effect of year-related climatic variables on the agronomical traits in winter rapeseed. Based on this, appropriate agronomic practices can be applied at specific growing stages to ensure a high seed and oil yield.
Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Differently Colored Raspberry Cultivars Using SSR Markers Located in Flavonoid Biosynthesis Genes
Authors: Lebedev Vadim G. , Subbotina Natalya M. , Maluchenko Oleg P. , Krutovsky Konstantin V. , Shestibratov Konstantin A.
Published: September 2019

Raspberry is a valuable berry crop containing a large amount of antioxidants that correlates with the color of the berries. We evaluated the genetic diversity of differently colored raspberry cultivars by the microsatellite markers developed using the flavonoid biosynthesis structural and regulatory genes. Among nine tested markers, seven were polymorphic. In total, 26 alleles were found at seven loci in 19 red (Rubus idaeus L.) and two black (R. occidentalis L.) raspberry cultivars. The most polymorphic marker was RiMY01 located in the MYB10 transcription factor intron region. Its polymorphic information content (PIC) equalled 0.82. The RiG001 marker that previously failed to amplify in blackberry also failed in black raspberry. The raspberry cultivar clustering in the UPGMA dendrogram was unrelated to geographical and genetic origin, but significantly correlated with the color of berries. The black raspberry cultivars had a higher homozygosity and clustered separately from other cultivars, while at the same time they differed from each other. In addition, some of the raspberry cultivars with a yellow-orange color of berries formed a separate cluster. This suggests that there may be not a single genetic mechanism for the formation of yellow-orange berries. The data obtained can be used prospectively in future breeding programs to improve the nutritional qualities of raspberry fruits.
Regulation of Ascorbate-Glutathione Pathway in Mitigating Oxidative Damage in Plants under Abiotic Stress
Authors: Hasanuzzaman Mirza , Bhuyan M. H. M. Borhannuddin , Anee Taufika Islam , Parvin Khursheda , Nahar Kamrun , Mahmud Jubayer Al , Fujita Masayuki
Published: September 2019

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is a usual phenomenon in a plant both under a normal and stressed condition. However, under unfavorable or adverse conditions, ROS production exceeds the capacity of the antioxidant defense system. Both non-enzymatic and enzymatic components of the antioxidant defense system either detoxify or scavenge ROS and mitigate their deleterious effects. The Ascorbate-Glutathione (AsA-GSH) pathway, also known as Asada–Halliwell pathway comprises of AsA, GSH, and four enzymes viz. ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase, play a vital role in detoxifying ROS. Apart from ROS detoxification, they also interact with other defense systems in plants and protect the plants from various abiotic stress-induced damages. Several plant studies revealed that the upregulation or overexpression of AsA-GSH pathway enzymes and the enhancement of the AsA and GSH levels conferred plants better tolerance to abiotic stresses by reducing the ROS. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of the research on AsA-GSH pathway in terms of oxidative stress tolerance in plants. We also focus on the defense mechanisms as well as molecular interactions.
MPC for Optimized Energy Exchange between Two Renewable-Energy Prosumers
Authors: Aldaouab Ibrahim , Daniels Malcolm , Ordóñez Raúl
Published: September 2019

Renewable energy and information technologies are changing electrical energy distribution, favoring a move towards distributed production and trading between many buyers and sellers. There is new potential for trading between prosumers, entities which both consume and produce energy in small quantities. This work explores the optimization of energy trading between two prosumers, each of which consists of a load, renewable supply, and energy storage. The problem is described within a model predictive control (MPC) framework, which includes a single objective function to penalize undesirable behavior, such as the use of energy from a utility company. MPC integrates future predictions of supply and demand into current dispatch decisions. The control system determines energy flows between each renewable supply and load, battery usage, and transfers between the two prosumers. At each time step, future predictions are used to create an optimized power dispatch strategy between the system prosumers, maximizing renewable energy use. Modeling results indicate that this coordinated energy sharing between a pair of prosumers can improve their overall renewable energy penetration. For one specific choice of prosumers (mixed residential–commercial) penetration is shown to increase from 71% to 84%.
UAV-Based Air Pollutant Source Localization Using Combined Metaheuristic and Probabilistic Methods
Authors: Yungaicela-Naula Noe , Garza-Castañon Luis E. , Zhang Youmin , Minchala-Avila Luis I.
Published: September 2019

Air pollution is one of the greatest risks for the health of people. In recent years, platforms based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for the monitoring of pollution in the air have been studied to deal with this problem, due to several advantages, such as low-costs, security, multitask and ease of deployment. However, due to the limitations in the flying time of the UAVs, these platforms could perform monitoring tasks poorly if the mission is not executed with an adequate strategy and algorithm. Their application can be improved if the UAVs have the ability to perform autonomous monitoring of the areas with a high concentration of the pollutant, or even to locate the pollutant source. This work proposes an algorithm to locate an air pollutant’s source by using a UAV. The algorithm has two components: (i) a metaheuristic technique is used to trace the increasing gradient of the pollutant concentration, and (ii) a probabilistic component complements the method by concentrating the search in the most promising areas in the targeted environment. The metaheuristic technique has been selected from a simulation-based comparative analysis between some classical techniques. The probabilistic component uses the Bayesian methodology to build and update a probability map of the pollutant source location, with each new sensor information available, while the UAV navigates in the environment. The proposed solution was tested experimentally with a real quadrotor navigating in a virtual polluted environment. The results show the effectiveness and robustness of the algorithm.
A Lightweight Hash-Based Blockchain Architecture for Industrial IoT
Authors: Seok Byoungjin , Park Jinseong , Park Jong Hyuk
Published: September 2019

Blockchain is a technology that can ensure data integrity in a distributed network, and it is actively applied in various fields. Recently, blockchain is gaining attention due to combining with the Internet of Things (IoT) technology in the industrial field. Moreover, many researchers have proposed the Industrial IoT (IIoT) architecture with blockchain for data integrity and efficient management. The IIoT network consists of many heterogeneous devices (e.g., sensors, actuators, and programmable logic controllers (PLC)) with resources-constrained, and the availability of the network must be preferentially considered. Therefore, applying the existed blockchain technology is still challenging. There are some results about the technique of constructing blockchain lightly to solve this challenge. However, in these results, the analysis in perspective of cryptographic performance (area, throughput, and power consumption) has not been considered sufficiently, or only focused on the architecture of the blockchain network. The blockchain technology is based on cryptographic techniques, and the main part is a cryptographic hash function. Therefore, if we construct the blockchain-based IIoT architecture, we have to consider the performance of the hash function. Many lightweight hash functions have been proposed recently for the resource-constrained environment, and it can also be used to the blockchain. Therefore, in this paper, we analyze the considerations of lightweight blockchain for IIoT. Also, we conduct an analysis of lightweight hash for blockchain, and propose a new lightweight hash-based blockchain architecture that can change the hash algorithm used for mining adjust to network traffic.
Application Research of Improved YOLO V3 Algorithm in PCB Electronic Component Detection
Authors: Li Jing , Gu Jinan , Huang Zedong , Wen Jia
Published: September 2019

Target detection of electronic components on PCB (Printed circuit board) based on vision is the core technology for 3C (Computer, Communication and Consumer Electronics) manufacturing companies to achieve quality control and intelligent assembly of robots. However, the number of electronic components on PCB is large, and the shape is different. At present, the accuracy of the algorithm for detecting all electronic components is not high. This paper proposes an improved algorithm based on YOLO (you only look once) V3 (Version 3), which uses a real PCB picture and a virtual PCB picture with synthesized data as a joint training dataset, which greatly increases the recognizability of training electronic components and provides the greatest possibility for data enhancement. After analyzing the feature distribution of the five dimensionality-reduced output layers of Darknet-53 and the size distribution of the detection target, it is proposed to adjust the original three YOLO output layers to four YOLO output layers and generate 12 anchor boxes for electronic component detection. The experimental results show that the mean average precision (mAP) of the improved YOLO V3 algorithm can achieve 93.07%.