bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Media framing and construction of childhood obesity: a content analysis of Swedish newspapers
Authors: van Hooft J. , Patterson C. , Löf M. , Alexandrou C. , Hilton S. , Nimegeer A.
Published: December 2017

Objective

Despite lower prevalence than most European countries, childhood obesity is a Swedish public health priority due to its lasting health impacts and socioeconomic patterning. Mass media content influences public and political perceptions of health issues, and media framing of childhood obesity may influence perceptions of its solutions. This study examines framing of childhood obesity in Swedish morning and evening newspapers from 1996 to 2014.

Methods

Content analysis of 726 articles about childhood obesity published in the five most‐circulated Swedish newspapers. Article content coded quantitatively and subjected to statistical analysis, describing relationships between themes and trends over time.

Results

Childhood obesity was consistently problematised, primarily in health terms, and linked to socio‐economic and geographical factors. The yearly frequency of articles peaked in 2004, followed by a decline, corresponding with evidence about prevalence. Childhood obesity was framed as being driven by individual behaviours more frequently than structural or environmental factors. Structural framings increased over time, but constructions of the problem as driven by individual behaviours, particularly parenting, remained prominent.

Conclusions

A relative growth in structural framings of causes and solutions over time, combined with prominent coverage of socio‐economic inequalities, might be indicative of public and political amenability towards societal‐level solutions, but individual behaviours remain prominent in framing of the issue. Health advocates might incorporate these insights into media engagement.
A new approach to fabricate carbon fiber reinforced polymer with roller pre‐stretching method and characterization of their mechanical properties
Authors: Bayraktar Ömer , Guldas Abdulmecit
Published: December 2017

In this study, an innovator, simple, and economical method named roller pre‐stretching is introduced to fabricate polymer‐based composite materials. Stretching technique was applied during vacuum infusion process to enhance the linearity of fibers in the unidirectional composite materials. An increasing linearity proportional together with increasing pre‐stretching was observed on scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The determined experimental pre‐stretch values were 0, 1.8, 2.7, 4.1, 6.2, and 9.1 MPa. The effect of this method was evaluated under the favor of tensile and three‐point bending tests. Furthermore, volume fractions of the fibers were investigated. The experimental results indicated that the roller pre‐stretching method significantly increased ultimate tensile stress of the composites up to 39% and flexural stress of the composites up to 20%. In addition, stretching fibers over 4.1 MPa did not bring about any improvement on composites in terms of their mechanical properties. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:489–495, 2019. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Is patient exposure preapproval and postapproval a determinant of the timing and frequency of occurrence of safety issues?
Authors: Pacurariu Alexandra C. , Hoeve Christina E. , Arlett Peter , Genov Georgy , Slattery Jim , Sturkenboom Miriam C.J.M. , Straus Sabine M.J.M.
Published: December 2017

Background

The amount of drug exposure, pre and post approval, is considered to be a direct determinant of knowledge about the safety of a drug. A larger pre‐approval exposed population is supposed to reduce the risk of unanticipated safety issues post‐approval. The amount of use in the postapproval population is also expected to influence the occurrence and timing of safety issues. We investigated how the amount of pre and post approval exposure influences the detection of post‐approval safety issues.

Methods

A cohort of innovative drugs approved in Europe was followed for the period of 2012‐2016. The main outcome of interest was a new safety issue in the period. Post‐approval exposure was collected at 6 month intervals, and pre‐approval exposure was collected at the moment of authorisation. Other characteristics collected for the included drugs were anatomical therapeutical chemical (ATC) class, biological status, orphan status and type of approval. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to investigate the association between exposure and the hazard of having a first safety issue.

Results

The pre‐approval exposure was not associated with the risk of safety issues after adjusting for ATC class, biological status, and treatment duration. Higher post‐approval exposure was associated with more new safety issues identified (HR = 2.44 (95% CI = 1.12‐5.31)) for drugs with more than 1,000 patient‐years of cumulative exposure compared to drugs with less than 1,000 patient years of exposure.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that postapproval exposure influences the detection of safety issues.
Effects of Y361‐auto‐phosphorylation on structural plasticity of the HIPK2 kinase domain
Authors: Scaglione Antonella , Monteonofrio Laura , Parisi Giacomo , Cecchetti Cristina , Siepi Francesca , Rinaldo Cinzia , Giorgi Alessandra , Verzili Daniela , Zamparelli Carlotta , Savino Carmelinda , Soddu Silvia , Vallone Beatrice , Montemiglio Linda Celeste
Published: December 2017

The dual‐specificity activity of the homeodomain interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) is regulated by cis‐auto‐phosphorylation of tyrosine 361 (Y361) on the activation loop. Inhibition of this process or substitution of Y361 with nonphosphorylatable amino acid residues result in aberrant HIPK2 forms that show altered functionalities, pathological‐like cellular relocalization, and accumulation into cytoplasmic aggresomes. Here, we report an in vitro characterization of wild type HIPK2 kinase domain and of two mutants, one at the regulating Y361 (Y361F, mimicking a form of HIPK2 lacking Y361 phosphorylation) and another at the catalytic lysine 228 (K228A, inactivating the enzyme). Gel filtration and thermal denaturation analyzes along with equilibrium binding experiments and kinase assays performed in the presence or absence of ATP‐competitors were performed. The effects induced by mutations on overall stability, oligomerization and activity support the existence of different conformations of the kinase domain linked to Y361 phosphorylation. In addition, our in vitro data are consistent with both the cross‐talk between the catalytic site and the activation loop of HIPK2 and the aberrant activities and accumulation previously reported for the Y361 nonphosphorylated HIPK2 in mammalian cells.
First evidence of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in ItalianAedes albopictuspopulations 26 years after invasion
Authors: Pichler Verena , Bellini Romeo , Veronesi Rodolfo , Arnoldi Daniele , Rizzoli Annapaola , Lia Riccardo Paolo , Otranto Domenico , Montarsi Fabrizio , Carlin Sara , Ballardini Marco , Antognini Elisa , Salvemini Marco , Brianti Emanuele , Gaglio Gabriella , Manica Mattia , Cobre Pietro , Serini Paola , Velo Enkelejda , Vontas John , Kioulos Ilias , Pinto Joao , della Torre Alessandra , Caputo Beniamino
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND

Aedes albopictushas spread during the last few decades all over the world. This has increased significantly the risk of exotic arbovirus transmission (e.g. chikungunya, dengue, and Zika) also in temperate areas, as demonstrated by the Chikungunya 2007 and 2017 outbreaks in northeastern and central Italy. Insecticides are an important tool for limiting the circulation of these mosquito‐borne viruses. The aim of the present study was to address the gap in current knowledge of pyrethroid insecticide resistance of EuropeanAe. albopictuspopulations, focusing on populations from Italy, Albania and Greece.

RESULTS

Bioassays for resistance to permethrin (0.75%), α‐cypermethrin (0.05%) or deltamethrin (0.05%) were performed according to World Health Organization (WHO) protocols and showed reduced susceptibility (<90% mortality) of some Italian populations to permethrin and α‐cypermethrin, but not to deltamethrin.

CONCLUSION

This study reports the first evidence of resistance to pyrethroids in adult ItalianAe. albopictuspopulations. Results refer to the season preceding the Chikungunya 2017 outbreak in central Italy and highlight the need to increase efforts to monitor the spread of insecticide resistance and the need to develop strategies to limit the spread of insecticide resistance, particularly in areas where extensive treatments have been carried out to contain disease outbreaks. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Stayers in China's “hollowed‐out” villages: A counter narrative on massive rural–urban migration
Authors: Ye Jingzhong
Published: December 2017

China has been undergoing a rapid industrialisation and urbanisation process with an ongoing transfer of people and economic resources from rural to urban areas. Labour migration from rural to urban areas has been massive and become a “rite of passage” for rural young people. There is a widespread view that modernisation and the subsequent transformation of peasants, agriculture, and the countryside have undermined agriculture and hollowed out rural communities. However, due to the peculiarity of thehukousystem and the circularity of rural urban migration, the large rural population can all be institutionally regarded asde jurerural stayers. Thede factorural stayers consist of the left‐behind ones and the non‐left‐behind ones. Yet these categories are quite fluid links with migration as people make different decisions at different stage in their life cycle. Motivations for migrating and staying in the countryside are highly complex. Those who migrate often do so because of economic pushes resulting from the commodification of subsistence. Many women who stay behind do so because of structural forces, such as the traditional culture of gender division and economic coercion. The non‐left‐behind people who are not stuck in the countryside are often able to actively pursue alternative rural livelihoods. These rural stayers develop diversified livelihood strategies that involve multiple job holding and make significant contributions to their household livelihoods and to driving rural development. The paper concludes that rural villages are not, as is often supposed, hollowed out, and many rural stayers do so voluntarily.
Towards an international standard: The ISO/DIS 18504 standard on sustainable remediation
Authors: Nathanail C. Paul , Bakker Laurent M. M. , Bardos Paul , Furukawa Yasuhide , Nardella Alessandro , Smith Garry , Smith Jonathan W. N. , Goetsche Gabriele
Published: December 2017

Sustainable remediation is the elimination and/or control of unacceptable risks in a safe and timely manner while optimizing the environmental, social, and economic value of the work. Forthcoming International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Standard on Sustainable Remediation will allow countries without the capacity to develop their own guidance to benefit from work done over the past decade by various groups around the world. The ISO standard has progressed through the committee draft (ISO/CD 18504) and draft international standard (ISO/DIS 18504) stages. The risk‐based approach to managing the legacy of historically contaminated soil and groundwater has been incorporated into policy, legislation, and practice around the world. It helps determine the need for remediation and the end point of such remediation. Remediation begins with an options appraisal that short lists strategies that could deliver the required reduction in risk. A remediation strategy comprises one or more remediation technologies that will deliver the safe and timely elimination and/or control of unacceptable risks. The ISO standard will help assessors identify the most sustainable among the shortlisted, valid alternative remediation strategies. Practitioners presenting case studies claiming to constitute sustainable remediation should now report how they have aligned their work with the new standard. Indicators are used to compare alternative remediation strategies. The simplest metric that allows a characteristic to act as an indicator should be chosen. Weightings indicators can become a contested exercise and should only be undertaken where there is a clear desire for it by stakeholders and a clear need for it in identifying a preferred strategy. The simplest means of ranking alternative remediation strategies should be adopted.
Reductive dechlorination of a chlorinated solvent plume in Houston, Texas
Authors: Florey Jim , Adams Andrew , Michel Larry
Published: December 2017

Chlorinated solvents such as tetrachloroethene (perchloroethene, PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) have been extensively used in various industrial applications for many years. Because neither are typically consumed through their various uses, they are often released to the environment through industrial application or disposal. Once released, PCE and TCE tend to migrate downward into groundwater, where they persist. In the current case study, cheese whey was used as a groundwater amendment to facilitate the reductive dechlorination of a chlorinated solvent plume underlying an auto dealer/repair shop in Harris County, Texas. From September 2010 to January 2014, over 32,000 gallons of cheese whey were injected into the subsurface resulting in a marked reduction in oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) and nitrate concentrations, coupled with an increase in ferrous iron concentrations. Statistical trend analyses indicate the primary contaminants, PCE and TCE, as well as the daughter product cis‐1,2‐dichloroethene (cDCE), all exhibited a positive response, as evidenced by statistically decreasing trends, and/or reversal in concentration trends, subsequent to cheese whey injections. Maximum concentrations of PCE and TCE in key test wells decreased by as much as 98.97 percent and 99.17 percent, respectively. In addition, the bacterial genus Dehalococcoides, capable of complete reduction of PCE to non‐toxic ethene, was found to be more abundant in the treatment area, as compared to background concentrations. Because cheese whey is a by‐product of the cheese making process, the cost of the product is essentially limited to transport. This study demonstrates cheese whey to be an effective groundwater amendment at a cost which is orders of magnitude lower than popular industry alternatives.
Utilizing agricultural wastes to remove hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions
Authors: Rizzuti Anthony M. , Wilson Kasey A. , Cosme Latoya W.
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine the hexavalent chromium (CrVI) biosorption capacities of several agricultural wastes from aqueous solutions. Samples were tested unaltered and after hydrochloric acid (HCl) treatment. Additional parameters tested include sample dose, contact time, particle size, mixing temperature, and the concentrations and pH of the CrVI solutions. Desorption studies were performed to determine if the removed CrVI could be recovered. In addition, tests were conducted to determine if the agricultural waste samples (AWS) could be reused for additional CrVI biosorption cycles. The results of this study demonstrate a wide range of CrVI biosorption proficiencies ranging from 13 to 98 percent removal. The parameters that resulted in higher CrVI removal include HCl treatment, higher sample dose, lower CrVI solution concentration, and lower mixing temperature. Desorption results showed an 8 to 25 percent CrVI recovery rate. Reused AWS were effective at removing CrVI during subsequent trials. Therefore, all AWS can be reused for additional CrVI biosorption cycles. Hence, these could reduce hazardous waste disposal inefficiencies and costs by avoiding disposing of spent AWS following each CrVI biosorption cycle.
Cement‐based solidification/stabilization of phenol‐contaminated soil by bentonite and organophilic clay
Authors: Heidarzadeh Nima , Jebeli Mojtaba Tayebi , Taslimi Tania
Published: December 2017

The performance of ordinary and organophilic clays in the solidification and stabilization process was investigated with respect to the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and leaching of phenol‐contaminated soil. The samples contained 2,000 mg/kg of phenol. White cement (15 and 30 percent by weight [wt%]) was used as binder, while ordinary and organophilic clays (8, 15, and 30 wt%) were applied as additives for reducing the harmful effects of phenol interference in cement hydration with a 28‐day curing time. The results revealed that the UCS is reduced by increasing the amount of clays. The values of UCS of all samples met the minimum standards specified for disposal in sanitary landfills determined by developed countries. The leaching test demonstrated that the degree of leaching diminished with increased clay content in all samples of both clay types. This reduction was observed to be greater in samples containing organophilic clay than in bentonite clay samples. Furthermore, the best composition of the materials tested was determined to be 30 wt% white cement plus 13.3 wt% organophilic clay with a compressive strength of 3,839 kPa, phenol removal percentage of 80 percent, and a cost of $67 per ton of contaminated soil.
Detection of unanticipated faults for autonomous underwater vehicles using online topic models
Authors: Raanan Ben‐Yair , Bellingham James , Zhang Yanwu , Kemp Mathieu , Kieft Brian , Singh Hanumant , Girdhar Yogesh
Published: December 2017

For robots to succeed in complex missions, they must be reliable in the face of subsystem failures and environmental challenges. In this paper, we focus on autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) autonomy as it pertains to self‐perception and health monitoring, and we argue that automatic classification of state‐sensor data represents an important enabling capability. We apply an online Bayesian nonparametric topic modeling technique to AUV sensor data in order to automatically characterize its performance patterns, then demonstrate how in combination with operator‐supplied semantic labels these patterns can be used for fault detection and diagnosis by means of a nearest‐neighbor classifier. The method is evaluated using data collected by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute's Tethys long‐range AUV in three separate field deployments. Our results show that the proposed method is able to accurately identify and characterize patterns that correspond to various states of the AUV, and classify faults at a high rate of correct detection with a very low false detection rate.
Glutathione levels influence chronological life span of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a glucose‐dependent manner
Authors: Tello‐Padilla Mayra Fabiola , Perez‐Gonzalez Alejandra Yudid , Canizal‐García Melina , González‐Hernández Juan Carlos , Cortes‐Rojo Christian , Olivares‐Marin Ivanna Karina , Madrigal‐Perez Luis Alberto
Published: December 2017

Diet plays a key role in determining the longevity of the organisms since it has been demonstrated that glucose restriction increases life span whereas a high‐glucose diet decreases it. However, the molecular basis of how diet leads to the aging process is currently unknown. We propose that the quantity of glucose that fuels respiration influences reactive oxygen species generation and glutathione levels, and both chemical species impact in the aging process. Herein, we provide evidence that mutation of the gene GSH1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae diminishes glutathione levels. Moreover, glutathione levels were higher with 0.5% than in 10% glucose in the gsh1Δ and wild‐type strains. Interestingly, the chronological life span was lowered in the gsh1Δ strain cultured with 10% glucose but not under dietary restriction. The gsh1Δ strain also showed inhibition of the mitochondrial respiration in 0.5 and 10% glucose but only increased the H2O2 levels under dietary restriction. These results correlate well with the GSH/GSSG ratio, which showed a decrease in gsh1Δ strain cultured with 0.5% glucose. Together, these data indicate that glutathione exhaustion impact negatively both the electron transport chain function and the chronological life span of yeast, the latter occurring when a low threshold level of this antioxidant is reached, independently of the H2O2 levels.
A New Preoperative Planning Technique Can Reduce Radiation Exposure During the Performance of Medial Opening-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy
Authors: Spitzer Elad , Ruzbarsky Joseph J. , Doyle John B. , Yin Kaitlyn L. , Marx Robert G.
Published: December 2017

Background

Medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) is one of the most common and effective HTO techniques, in which the proximal tibia is cut medially, leaving an intact lateral hinge of bone that can be opened to a variable amount for the desired correction, but the technical complications of lateral cortex fracture and intra-articular fracture are well described. The lateral bone hinge for medial opening-wedge HTO is crucial. If the hinge is too small, the tibia can fracture and become unstable, requiring further fixation. If the hinge is too large, the osteotomy can propagate into the joint as an intra-articular fracture when opening the osteotomy.

Purpose

We propose a new technique that utilizes digital preoperative templating to improve the accuracy of the cut. Preoperative digital templating may allow the surgeon to reproducibly obtain a lateral bone hinge of 10 mm, while also reducing radiation exposure relative to the traditional fluoroscopically assisted technique.

Methods

Ten cadaver extremities from five cadavers were matched into pairs and randomized into two groups: those with and without preoperative templating. The templating protocol measures the distance between two points on the medial and lateral cortices, and 20 mm is subtracted to determine the depth of the saw cut (10 mm for the hinge and another 10 mm because the proximal tibia is oval in shape). The control method was done by making the cut using fluoroscopy with tactile feedback. Postoperative computed tomography scans were obtained of all legs to measure the width of the lateral bone hinge. Intraoperative fluoroscopy used during both techniques and the numbers of fluoroscopy shots were recorded.

Results

We found neither the treatment group with preoperative planning nor the control group with the conventional technique had bone hinge widths that were different from the ideal 10 mm. The average hinge widths for the treatment and control groups were 11.2 and 11.5 mm, respectively. However, the treatment group was exposed to significantly less intraoperative fluoroscopy during the osteotomy cut. The average total number of fluoroscopy shots was 2.2 in the treatment group versus 6.3 for the control group.

Conclusions

This new preoperative planning technique achieves similar accuracy of the lateral bone hinge when compared to current methods but exposes the patient, surgeon, and staff to significantly less intraoperative radiation.
An Alternative Macrophage Activation Pathway Regulator, CHIT1, May Provide a Serum and Synovial Fluid Biomarker of Periprosthetic Osteolysis
Authors: Trehan Samir K. , Zambrana Lester , Jo Jonathan E. , Purdue Ed , Karamitros Athanos , Nguyen Joseph T. , Lane Joseph M.
Published: December 2017

Background

Periprosthetic osteolysis (PPO) is a frequent indication for total hip replacement (THR) failure. Currently, PPO diagnosis occurs in advanced stages that often necessitate complex revisions due to bone loss. PPO biomarkers could facilitate earlier diagnosis. Alternative macrophage activation pathway regulators, chitotriosidase (CHIT1) and CC chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18), have increased periprosthetic expression in patients undergoing revision THR for osteolysis. We hypothesized that synovial fluid and serum levels of CHIT1 and CCL18 would be increased in patients undergoing revision THR for PPO versus controls without osteolysis.

Methods

In this prospective case-control study, 60 patients undergoing revision metal-on-polyethylene THR at Hospital for Special Surgery were screened preoperatively from January 2013 to December 2014. Twenty “osteolysis” patients who underwent revision for PPO (based on imaging and operative reports) and 10 “control” patients (with stable implants) who underwent revision for recurrent dislocation or a mechanical etiology were included. Among osteolysis and control patients, 11/20 and 4/10 were male; average age was 68 and 63 years, respectively; 9/20 and 3/10 had cemented femoral components; and average implant longevity was 15 and 5 years, respectively. Preoperative serum and intraoperative synovial fluid samples were collected. CHIT1 and CCL18 were quantified via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Significance was assessed via nonparametric Mann-Whiney U test.

Results

CHIT1 was significantly increased in both synovial fluid (3727 versus 731 nanomoles [nM]) and serum (98 versus 39 nM) in the osteolysis versus control patients. CCL18 levels were also significantly increased in osteolysis versus control patients’ synovial fluid (425 versus 180 nM) but not their serum.

Conclusions

In this prospective case-control study, CHIT1 was identified as a novel synovial fluid and serum biomarker of PPO. CHIT1 expression is induced during macrophage activation in response to wear debris. CHIT1 monitoring may facilitate early diagnosis of THR PPO. Furthermore, CHIT1 may represent a novel therapeutic target for PPO.
Women in the CSDP: Strengthening the EU's Effectiveness as an International Player
Authors: D'Almeida Irina Bratosin , Haffner Rebekka , Hörst Corinna
Published: December 2017

Security and defence cooperation in the EU is being upgraded, and therefore the importance of the civilian missions and military operations launched in the framework of the Union's Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) is likely to increase. This article argues that much can be gained by improving the gender balance in CSDP missions and operations. The participation of female personnel in crisis management has a positive effect on operational effectiveness and contributes to the acceptance of the mission by the local population. Moreover, women deployed abroad play an important role in overcoming gender stereotypes and demonstrating the EU's commitment to gender equality. This article explores the reasons for the low number of women in CSDP missions and operations. It suggests ways to improve the gender balance at the national and EU levels, which would increase the EU's chances of resolving foreign affairs issues abroad.
Functional Reach, Depression Scores, and Number of Medications Are Associated With Number of Falls in People With Chronic Stroke
Authors: Alenazi Aqeel M. , Alshehri Mohammed M. , Alothman Shaima , Rucker Jason , Dunning Kari , D'Silva Linda J. , Kluding Patricia M.
Published: December 2017

Background

Falls are a common adverse event among people with stroke. Previous studies investigating risk of falls after stroke have relied primarily on retrospective fall history ranging from 6‐12 months recall, with inconsistent findings.

Objectives

To identify factors and balance assessment tools that are associated with number of falls in individuals with chronic stroke.

Design

Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial.

Setting

Multisite academic and clinical institutions.

Participants

Data from 181 participants with stroke (age 60.67 ± 11.77 years, post stroke 4.51 ± 4.78 years) were included.

Methods

Study participants completed baseline testing and were prospectively asked about falls. A multivariate negative binomial regression was used to identify baseline predictive factors predicting falls: age, endurance (6 minute walk test), number of medications, motor control (Fugl‐Meyer lower extremity score), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire‐9), physical activity (number of steps per week), and cognition (Mini Mental Status Exam score). A second negative binomial regression analysis was used to identify baseline balance assessment scores predicting falls: gait velocity (comfortable 10 Meter Walk), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go (TUG), and Functional Reach Test (FRT). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC) were used to determine the cutoff scores for significant predictors of recurrent falls.

Main Outcome Measurement

The number of falls during the 42‐week follow‐up period.

Results

Baseline measures that significantly predicted the number of falls included increased number of medications, higher depression scores, and decreased FRT. Cutoff scores for the number of medications were 8.5 with an AUC of 0.68. Depression scores differentiated recurrent fallers at a threshold of 2.5 scores with an AUC of 0.62. FRT differentiated recurrent fallers at a threshold of 18.15 cm with an AUC of 0.66.

Conclusions

Number of medications, depression scores, and decreased FRT distance at baseline were associated with increased number of falls. Increased medications might indicate multiple comorbidities or polypharmacy effect; increased depression scores may indicate psychological status; and decreased functional reach distance could indicate dynamic balance impairments.

Level of Evidence

II
Oral squamous cell carcinoma in a patient with scimitar syndrome
Authors: Sekido Katsuhisa , Tomihara Kei , Fujiwara Kumiko , Tachinami Hidetake , Imaue Shuichi , Noguchi Makoto
Published: December 2017

Scimitar syndrome is a rare congenital cardiac condition with a poor prognosis. It is frequently accompanied by concordant pulmonary hypoplasia and aortopulmonary collateral arteries connected to the hypoplastic lung. Here we report a case involving a 58‐year‐old woman with scimitar syndrome who developed stage II oral cancer. Surgical treatment was deemed high risk because of difficulty in respiratory management through mechanical ventilation during general anesthesia, and hence, she was treated with chemoradiotherapy, which was successfully completed. The findings from this case suggest that chemoradiotherapy is a useful strategy that can contribute to improved clinical outcomes for oral cancer in patients with scimitar syndrome.
The nature of V2 in Old French: Evidence from subject inversion in embedded clauses
Authors: Zaring Laurie
Published: December 2017

Old French (OF) is often characterized as a Germanic-style asymmetric V2 language, although this characterization is often questioned. The present study evaluates the nature of OF V2 from a quantitative perspective. An extensive set of data provided by syntactically annotated corpora shows that both IP and CP structure change over the OF period. Focusing on Germanic inversion – XVS word order – I argue that most of the attested inversion in OF occurs within an elaborated IP structure and that this type of subject inversion dwindles over time due to the decreasing use of null expletives. True Germanic-style embedded V2 does not appear until the late 12thcentury, and is only rarely used throughout the 13thcentury. Thus, OF is an asymmetric V2 language, but with a difference, namely in having an IP field that allows for apparent V2 orders and a CP field that is only marginally employed.
The Purdue Extension and Indiana CTSI’s Community Health Partnerships collaboration: An innovative, generalizable, state-wide model to help communities build a culture of health
Authors: Savaiano Dennis A. , Lynch Krystal H. , Vandergraff Donna J. , Wiehe Sarah E. , Staten Lisa K. , Miller Douglas K.
Published: December 2017

The Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute’s Community Engagement Partners-Purdue Extension collaborative model demonstrates tremendous potential for creating state-wide programmatic efforts and improvements in both the health culture and status of Indiana residents across the state. It can serve as a prototype not only for others interested in pursuing wide geographic health improvements through Clinical and Translational Sciences Award-Cooperative Extension partnerships but also for broader collaborations among United States Department of Agriculture, National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, state and local health departments, and health foundation efforts to improve population health.
National culture, employee empowerment and advanced manufacturing technology utilisation: A study of Nigeria and New Zealand
Authors: Obi Chris Nwachukwu , Leggett Chris , Harris Howard
Published: December 2017

With manufacturers seeking investment opportunities in Africa, it is timely to explore the interaction of advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) and human resource management approaches there. Because research elsewhere suggests that the effects of the interaction differ across national boundaries, we investigated empowerment approaches and AMT utilisation in Nigeria and New Zealand. Using operational-level survey data from 153 manufacturing managers/CEOs in both countries, we explored the role of national culture on managerial attitudes towards employee empowerment during AMT adoption. Drawing on Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, our results suggest that the observed differences in AMT–empowerment interface are attributable to different national values. The results specifically indicated that during AMT adoption, New Zealand’s liberal culture encourages managers to empower employees more than does Nigeria’s authoritarian one. The results would particularly assist practitioners to recognise the traditional/conservative nature of African values when practicing HR in a country like Nigeria.
Changes in the power balance of institutional logics: Middle managers’ responses
Authors: Olsen Trude Høgvold , Solstad Elsa
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this paper is to explore how middle managers respond when an existing institutional logic is reinforced through radical organisational change. We analyse documents and interviews with middle managers in three public sector contexts (hospitals, upper secondary schools, municipal agencies) in which the power balance between the managerial and professional logics changed through mergers. Contrary to expectations from previous research, we found a variety of responses across contexts. Our data suggest that the middle managers chose whether to acknowledge available information about the managerial logic, and that they either accepted or rejected the new power balance between the logics. There were two different ways of accepting the new power balance: by showing loyalty or through resignation. Its rejection took the form of strategically adhering to the managerial logic as a novice, even though a middle manager was, or should have been, familiar with this logic.
Importance of longwave emissions from adjacent terrain on patterns of tropical glacier melt and recession
Authors: AUBRY-WAKE CAROLINE , ZÉPHIR DORIAN , BARAER MICHEL , McKENZIE JEFFREY M. , MARK BRYAN G.
Published: December 2017

Tropical glaciers constitute an important source of water for downstream populations. However, our understanding of glacial melt processes is still limited. One observed process that has not yet been quantified for tropical glaciers is the enhanced melt caused by the longwave emission transfer. Here, we use high-resolution surface temperatures obtained from the thermal infrared imagery of the Cuchillacocha Glacier, in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru in June 2014 to calculate a margin longwave flux. This longwave flux, reaching the glacier margin from the adjacent exposed rock, varies between 81 and 120 W m−2 daily. This flux is incorporated into a physically-based melt model to assess the net radiation budget at the modeled glacier margin. The simulation results show an increase in the energy available for melt by an average of 106 W m−2 during the day when compared with the simulation where the LWmargin flux is not accounted for. This value represents an increase in ablation of ~1.7 m at the glacier margin for the duration of the dry season. This study suggests that including the quantification of the glacier margin longwave flux in physically-based melt models results in an improved assessment of tropical glacier energy budget and meltwater generation.
Postoperative symbiotic in patients with head and neck cancer: a double-blind randomised trial
Authors: Lages Priscilla C. , Generoso Simone V. , Correia Maria Isabel T. D.
Published: December 2017

Studies on the ‘gut origin of sepsis’ have suggested that stressful insults, such as surgery, can affect intestinal permeability, leading to bacterial translocation. Symbiotics have been reported to be able to improve gut permeability and modulate the immunologic system, thereby decreasing postoperative complications. Therefore we aimed to evaluate the postoperative use of symbiotics in head and neck cancer surgical patients for intestinal function and permeability, as well as the postoperative outcomes. Patients were double-blind randomised into the symbiotic (n18) or the control group (n18). Samples were administered twice a day by nasoenteric tube, starting on the 1st postoperative day until the 5th to 7th day, and comprised 109colony-forming units/ml each ofLactobacillus paracasei,L. rhamnosus,L. acidophilus, andBifidobacterium lactisplus 6 g of fructo-oligosaccharides, or a placebo (6 g of maltodextrin). Intestinal function (day of first evacuation, total stool episodes, stool consistency, gastrointestinal tract symptoms and gut permeability by diamine oxidase (DAO) enzyme) and postoperative complications (infectious and non-infectious) were assessed. Results of comparison of the pre- and postoperative periods showed that the groups were similar for all outcome variables. In all, twelve patients had complications in the symbiotic groupv. nine in the control group (P>0·05), and the preoperative-postoperative DAO activity ranged from 28·5 (sd15·4) to 32·7 (sd11·0) ng/ml in the symbiotic group and 35·2 (sd17·7) to 34·1 (sd12·0) ng/ml in the control group (P>0·05). In conclusion, postoperative symbiotics did not impact on intestinal function and postoperative outcomes of head and neck surgical patients.
The association of social support networks and loneliness with negative perceptions of ageing: evidence from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA)
Authors: SANTINI ZIGGI IVAN , KOYANAGI AI , TYROVOLAS STEFANOS , HARO JOSEP MARIA , KOUSHEDE VIBEKE
Published: December 2017

It is well known that negative ageing perceptions have various detrimental effects on indicators of successful ageing, but less is known about the role of social support networks and loneliness in ageing perceptions. The objective of this study was therefore to assess the association of social networks, relationship quality and loneliness with negative ageing perceptions in late life. Cross-sectional data on 6,912 adults aged ⩾50 years from the first wave of the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) were analysed. Ageing perceptions were assessed with the Brief Ageing Perceptions Questionnaire. Information on social support networks, loneliness and socio-demographics were obtained using standard questions. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. Multivariable linear regression was conducted to assess the associations. Social isolation, poor relationship quality (with spouse, children, other family members or friends) and loneliness were all significantly associated with negative ageing perceptions even after adjustment for all potential confounders including depressive symptoms. Our study indicates that targeting integration into social support networks and improving relationship quality may potentially reduce the extent to which older individuals adopt negative ageing perceptions. Future studies with prospective design are warranted to understand the temporal direction and causal association of social support networks and loneliness with negative ageing perceptions.
CHARACTERISTICS OF MANAGED ENTRY AGREEMENTS IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Robinson Maxine F. , Mihalopoulos Cathrine , Merlin Tracy , Roughead Elizabeth
Published: December 2017

Objectives:Australia relies on managed entry agreements (MEAs) for many medicines added to the national Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS). Previous studies of Australian MEAs examined public domain documents and were not able to provide a comprehensive assessment of the types and operation of MEAs. This study used government documents approved for release to examine the implementation and administration of MEAs implemented January 2012 to May 2016.

Methods:We accessed documents for medicines with MEAs on the PBS between January 2012 and May 2016. Data were extracted on Anatomical Therapeutic Classification (ATC), type of MEA (financial, financial with outcomes, outcomes, and subcategories within each group), implementation and administration methods, source of MEA recommendation, and type of economic analysis.

Results:Of all medication indication pairs (MIPs) recommended for listing, one-third had MEAs implemented. Our study of eighty-seven MIPs had 170 MEAs in place. The Government's expert health technology assessment (HTA) committee recommended MEAs for 90 percent of the eighty-seven MIPs. A total of 81 percent of MEAs were simple financial agreements: the majority either discounts (32 percent) or reimbursement caps (43 percent). Outcome-based MEAs were least common (5 percent). Ninety-two percent of MEAs were implemented and operated through legal agreements. Approximately half of the MIPs were listed on the basis of accepted claims of cost-minimization. Forty-nine percent of medicines were in ATC L group.

Conclusion:Advice from HTA evaluations strongly influences the implementation of ways to manage uncertainties while providing access to medicines. The government relied primarily on simple financial agreements for the managed entry of medicines for which there were perceived risks.
A BIRTH AND DEATH PROCESS FOR BAYESIAN NETWORK STRUCTURE INFERENCE
Authors: Jennings Dale , Corcoran Jem N.
Published: December 2017

Bayesian networks are convenient graphical expressions for high-dimensional probability distributions which represent complex relationships between a large number of random variables. They have been employed extensively in areas such as bioinformatics, artificial intelligence, diagnosis, and risk management. The recovery of the structure of a network from data is of prime importance for the purposes of modeling, analysis, and prediction. There has been a great deal of interest in recent years in the NP-hard problem of learning the structure of a Bayesian network from observed data. Typically, one assigns a score to various structures and the search becomes an optimization problem that can be approached with either deterministic or stochastic methods. In this paper, we introduce a new search strategy where one walks through the space of graphs by modeling the appearance and disappearance of edges as a birth and death process. We compare our novel approach with the popular Metropolis–Hastings search strategy and give empirical evidence that the birth and death process has superior mixing properties.
“Forming Partnerships”: Extramarital Songs and the Promotion of China's 1950 Marriage Law
Authors: Gibbs Levi S.
Published: December 2017

Shortly after a push to promote China's 1950 Marriage Law in 1953, scholars from the Chinese Music Research Institute on a collection trip to a small locality in northern China encountered a large number of folksongs about extramarital affairs. They interpreted this as evidence of the need for marriage reform. The folksong lyrics highlighted controversial aspects of the Marriage Law by espousing one of the law's central tenets – free love – while also expressing women's desires to leave their husbands. In this article, I explore how the researchers placed the song lyrics in a liminal moral-temporal category between “feudal” arranged marriage and the new marriage system before declaring the songs to be relics of the victimization of women in a “feudal” past. I argue that additional light-hearted elements complicate the researchers’ conclusion and suggest that when the promotion of social agendas in the 1940s and 1950s cast songs about illicit affairs as morally ambiguous, Chinese scholars chose to ascribe the songs’ “roots” to other groups or to the “feudal” past of the people they sought to praise and/or transform.
The Search for Dark Matter
Authors: Baudis Laura
Published: December 2017

The dark matter problem is almost a century old. Since the 1930s evidence has been growing that our cosmos is dominated by a new form of non-baryonic matter that holds galaxies and clusters together and influences cosmic structures up to the largest observed scales. At the microscopic level, we still do not know the composition of this dark, or invisible, matter, which does not interact directly with light. The simplest assumption is that it is made of new particles that interact with gravity and, at most, weakly with known elementary particles. I will discuss searches for such new particles, both space- and Earth-bound, including those experiments placed in deep underground laboratories. While a dark matter particle has not yet been identified, even after decades of concerted efforts, new technological developments and experiments have reached sensitivities where a discovery might be imminent, albeit certainly not guaranteed.
InEnvironments: The convergence and divergence of practice
Authors: Connors Teresa , Denton Andrew
Published: December 2017

This article explores our audiovisual collaborative outputs and the methods employed to negotiate converging and diverging creative directions in the production of artistic works, in the context of philosophies that influence our thinking-making processes, as well the engagement with new modes of artistic practice. A key feature connecting our collaborations is site-specific field recordings of audio and visual materials. Our work has spanned Canada, the United States and New Zealand, producing a catalogue of works that are intrinsically linked to geographic and everyday phenomena. To support our discussion of the creative process, we critique one recent work,Aspects of Trees(2013, 2015), as a case study that synthesises concerns associated with collaboration, while also illustrating the recent sharp turn in our individual practices. The outcome is a reorientation of our thinking-making procedures, including ideas of subjective experiences of time, place and the agency of human and non-human bodies.
Promoting Environmental Awareness through Context-based Composition
Authors: Philpott Carolyn
Published: December 2017

Cheryl E. Leonard is a San Francisco-based composer, performer and instrument maker who utilises sounds from natural objects and field recordings to create innovative compositions that are aesthetically appealing and also promote environmental awareness. This article examines Leonard’s workAntarctica: Music from the Ice(2009–2014), which comprises ten context-based pieces created from sounds produced with natural objects (such as penguin bones, rocks and shells) and field recordings the composer collected during her visit to Antarctica in 2008–9. In particular, the article focuses on the piecesLullaby for E Seals,White on White,Greater than 20 KnotsandAblation Zone, showing how Leonard draws attention to pertinent environmental issues through her work, while at the same time producing compositions that are aurally pleasing and engaging for performers and listeners alike.