bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glutathione S-Transferase Mu2 Suppresses Cancer Cell Metastasis in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Tang Sheau-Chung , Wu Chih-Hsien , Lai Chien-Hung , Sung Wen-Wei , Yang Wan-Jung , Tang Lee-Chun , Hsu Chung-Ping , Ko Jiunn-Liang
Published: May 2013

Glutathione S-transferase mu2 (GST-M2) is a phase II detoxification enzyme. Low expression of GST-M2 in lung cancers is due to hypermethylation of its promoter. Lung cancer with the GST mu-null genotype is associated with shorter survival. However, a correlation between GST-M2 and important clinical parameters, as well as the migration of GST-M2–defective cells in lung cancer, has not been established. In the present study, we investigate the role of GST-M2 in cell migration and actin disassembly in lung cancer cells. GST-M2 and CCN2 mRNA levels were significantly reduced in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors when compared with matched normal lung tissues in 82 patients with NSCLC. We found that high expressions of both GST-M2 and CCN2 are correlated with favorable survival of patients with lung cancer when compared with similar patients without GST-M2 or CCN2 expression. GST-M2 can induce CCN2 expression by driving the CCN2 proximal promoter. Overexpression of GST-M2 decreases the formation of filopodia, resulting in remodeling of the reorganized cytoskeletons. Overexpression of GST-M2 significantly suppressed cancer cell migration on wound-healing assay. In addition, overexpression of GST-M2 dramatically reduced tumor growth and metastasis in a xenograft mouse model. These data highlight the potential of GST-M2 as a novel tumor suppressor. GST-M2 increases the expression of CCN2 in lung cancer cells, which inhibits cancer cell migration in lung cancer and animal models. Mol Cancer Res; 11(5); 518–29. ©2013 AACR.
A Tale of Metabolites: The Cross-Talk between Chromatin and Energy Metabolism
Authors: Martinez-Pastor Barbara , Cosentino Claudia , Mostoslavsky Raul
Published: May 2013

Mitochondrial metabolism influences histone and DNA modifications by retrograde signaling and activation of transcriptional programs. Considering the high number of putative sites for acetylation and methylation in chromatin, we propose in this perspective article that epigenetic modifications might impinge on cellular metabolism by affecting the pool of acetyl-CoA and S-adenosylmethionine. Cancer Discov; 3(5); 497–501. ©2013 AACR.
Déjà Vu: EGF Receptors Drive Resistance to BRAF Inhibitors
Authors: Girotti Maria Romina , Marais Richard
Published: May 2013

Summary: The promise of personalized medicine is upon us, and in some cancers, targeted therapies are rapidly becoming the mainstay of treatment for selected patients based on their molecular profile. The protein kinase BRAF is a driver oncogene in both thyroid cancer and melanoma, but while drugs that target BRAF and its downstream signaling pathway are effective in melanoma, they are ineffective in thyroid cancer. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Montero-Conde and colleagues investigate why thyroid cancer is resistant to BRAF inhibitors despite the presence of BRAF mutation. Cancer Discov; 3(5); 487–90. ©2013 AACR.

See related article by Montero-Conde et al., p. 520
Hospitalization and Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients: Association with Hemoglobin Variability
Authors: Handelman Garry J. , Kotanko Peter , Cisternas Miriam G. , Hoenich Nicholas , Usvyat Len , Kuhlmann Martin , Levin Nathan W.
Published: May 2013

Background/Aims: Hemodialysis patients show complications associated with low or high hemoglobin (Hb), which occur frequently in clinical practice. We sought to determine the clinical importance of these changes in Hb levels. Methods: From our clinic cohorts, we identified 1,634 who met inclusion criteria for analysis of hospitalization frequency and 1,953 analysis of mortality; many patients were in both groups. Hb excursions outside the target range (11-12.5 g/dl) were studied in relation to patient outcomes. Results: Hb measures below range were associated with more frequent hospitalization (p < 0.001), increased length of stay (p < 0.001), and increased mortality (p < 0.01), whereas Hb above range was associated with a reduced frequency of hospitalization (p < 0.01) and shorter length of stay (p < 0.01), and tended to be associated with reduced mortality. Conclusions: Excursions below range were associated with negative outcomes, but excursions above range were either beneficial or neutral. Our findings indicate that clinicians should focus on low Hb as a negative indicator of patient status, whereas transient Hb above range is a marker for patient health and well-being.
Freely-Available, True-Color Volume Rendering Software and Cryohistology Data Sets for Virtual Exploration of the Temporal Bone Anatomy
Authors: Kahrs Lüder Alexander , Labadie Robert Frederick
Published: May 2013

Background: Cadaveric dissection of temporal bone anatomy is not always possible or feasible in certain educational environments. Volume rendering using CT and/or MRI helps understanding spatial relationships, but they suffer in nonrealistic depictions especially regarding color of anatomical structures. Freely available, nonstained histological data sets and software which are able to render such data sets in realistic color could overcome this limitation and be a very effective teaching tool. Methods: With recent availability of specialized public-domain software, volume rendering of true-color, histological data sets is now possible. We present both feasibility as well as step-by-step instructions to allow processing of publicly available data sets (Visible Female Human and Visible Ear) into easily navigable 3-dimensional models using free software. Results: Example renderings are shown to demonstrate the utility of these free methods in virtual exploration of the complex anatomy of the temporal bone. After exploring the data sets, the Visible Ear appears more natural than the Visible Human. Conclusion: We provide directions for an easy-to-use, open-source software in conjunction with freely available histological data sets. This work facilitates self-education of spatial relationships of anatomical structures inside the human temporal bone as well as it allows exploration of surgical approaches prior to cadaveric testing and/or clinical implementation.
HIV-1 Subtype Variability in Vif Derived from Molecular Clones Affects APOBEC3G-Mediated Host Restriction
Authors: Lisovsky Irene , Schader Susan M. , Sloan Richard D. , Oliveira Maureen , Coutsinos Dimitrios , Bernard Nicole F. , Wainberg Mark A.
Published: May 2013

Background: The host protein APOBEC3G (A3G) can limit HIV-1 replication. Its protective effect is overcome by the HIV-1 ‘viral infectivity factor' (Vif), which targets A3G for proteosomal degradation. Although Vif is considered to be essential for HIV-1 replication, the effect of Vif variability among commonly used HIV-1 molecular clones of different genetic backgrounds on viral infectiousness and pathogenesis has not been fully determined. Methods: We cloned the intact Vif coding regions of available molecular clones of different subtypes into expression vectors. Δvif full-length HIV-1 clonal variants were generated from corresponding subtype-specific full-length molecular clones. Replication-competent viruses were produced in 293T cells in the presence or absence of A3G, with Vif being supplied by the full-length HIV-1 clone or in trans. The extent of A3G-mediated restriction was then determined in a viral replication assay using a reporter cell line. Results and Conclusions: In the absence of A3G, Vif subtype origin did not impact viral replication. In the presence of A3G the subtype origin of Vif had a differential effect on viral replication. Vif derived from a subtype C molecular clone was less effective at overcoming A3G-mediated inhibition than Vif derived from either subtype B or CRF02_AG molecular clones.
Noonan Syndrome: Comparing Mutation-Positive with Mutation-Negative Dutch Patients
Authors: Croonen E.A. , Nillesen W. , Schrander C. , Jongmans M. , Scheffer H. , Noordam C. , Draaisma J.M.T. , van der Burgt I. , Yntema H.G.
Published: May 2013

Noonan syndrome (NS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by facial dysmorphisms, short stature and congenital heart defects. The disorder is genetically heterogeneous and shows clinical overlap with other RASopathies. These syndromes are caused by mutations in a variety of genes leading to dysregulation of the RAS-MAPK pathway: PTPN11, KRAS, SOS1, RAF1, CBL, SHOC2, NRAS, BRAF, MAP2K1, MAP2K2, HRAS, NF1 and SPRED1. In this study, we conduct a genotype-phenotype analysis of 33 patients with a clinical diagnosis of NS without a PTPN11 mutation. Mutation analysis of the genes involved in RASopathies was performed, except for NF1 and SPRED1. In 14 (42%) NS patients, a mutation was found, 7 (21%) had a mutation in SOS1, 3 (9%) in RAF1 and 1 (3%) in KRAS, MAP2K2, BRAF and SHOC2 each. The phenotype of these mutation-positive cases corresponded to that described in the literature. In the cases with a BRAF and MAP2K2 mutation, the diagnosis cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome was made. The patient with the SHOC2 mutation had features compatible with ‘Noonan-like syndrome with loose anagen hair'. Three major clinical features of NS - a typical face, short stature and a pulmonary valve stenosis - were less frequently present in the group without a mutation. Missense mutations in genes encoding proteins of the RAS-MAPK pathway cause NS. The 3 major clinical features of NS were less frequently present in the mutation-negative patients, which stresses the importance of the syndrome-specific symptoms of the face, heart and short stature in NS. However, all mutation-negative cases met the NS criteria, indicating that the involvement of novel genes is to be expected.
Mycophenolate as Maintenance Therapy for Lupus Nephritis with Impaired Renal Function
Authors: Rivera F. , Illescas M.L. , López-Rubio E. , Fulladosa J. , Poveda R. , Baltar J. , Fernández-Juárez G. , Ballarín J. , Oliet A. , Vigil A. , Lucas J. , Sierra M. , Frutos M.A. , García-Frías P. , Ramos C. , Mérida E. , Praga M. , Segarra A. ,   on behalf of the Glomerular Spanish Glomerular Study Group (GLOSEN)
Published: May 2013

Background: Mycophenolate (MF) is effective as a maintenance therapy after induction therapy in patients with lupus nephritis (LN). However, little is known about its role in patients with impaired renal function. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MF as a maintenance therapy for LN and its association with renal function. Methods: Data were obtained for 56 Spanish patients who were receiving MF as a maintenance therapy for LN. Patients were classified into two groups according to renal function at the initiation of MF treatment: group 1 [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2] and group 2 (eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2). The primary endpoints of the study were the rates of renal relapse and responses, and their relationship with baseline renal function. Secondary outcomes were the appearance of side effects during treatment. Results: At initiation of MF treatment, the only differences between the groups were for age, hemoglobin levels, anti-DNA antibody titer, proteinuria, and renal function. In group 1 (n = 38), the eGFR was 98 ± 34 ml/min/1.73 m2 and in group 2 (n = 18) the eGFR was 43 ± 14 ml/min/1.73 m2. Only 3 cases had an eGFR <30 ml/min/1.73 m2. No significant differences were observed in the rate of relapse at 6 months (group 1: 20%; group 2: 23%) or at 12 months (group 1: 25%; group 2: 17%). Response rates were also similar in both groups. Side effects were unremarkable. Conclusions: MF is effective and safe as a maintenance therapy for LN both in patients with normal renal function and in those with renal impairment.
Long-Term Outcomes After Invasive Management for Older Patients With Non–ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Roe Matthew T. , Li Shuang , Thomas Laine , Wang Tracy Y. , Alexander Karen P. , Ohman E. Magnus , Peterson Eric D.
Published: May 2013

Background—

Early invasive management is recommended for patients with non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (MI), but the incidence of long-term outcomes after early catheterization among older patients and the relationship of revascularization procedures with outcomes in this population have not been described.

Methods and Results—

Using data from the Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes With Early Implementation of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines (CRUSADE) registry, we linked 19 336 older patients (≥65 years) with non–ST-segment elevation MI found to have significant coronary disease during catheterization and who survived through 30 days posthospital discharge to Medicare/Medicaid data. All-cause mortality, readmission for MI, readmission for stroke, and use of repeat revascularization procedures were tracked for a median of 1181 days. Outcome comparisons were stratified by use of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI; n=11 766, 60.8%) or coronary artery bypass grafting (n=3515, 18.2%) performed during the index hospitalization and through 30 days postdischarge, as well as by medical management without revascularization (n=4055, 21.0%). During follow-up, ≈17% of patients underwent PCI (most commonly in patients initially treated with PCI), and only 3% of patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. Compared with an unadjusted long-term mortality cumulative incidence through 5 years of 50% in the medical management group, mortality was lower in the PCI group (33.5%; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.70–0.79) and lowest in the coronary artery bypass grafting group (24.2%; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.47–0.57;
P
<0.001 for 3-way comparisons). The unadjusted cumulative incidence of the composite of death, readmission for MI, or readmission for stroke at 5 years was 62.4%, 44.9%, and 33.0% for medical management, PCI, and coronary artery bypass grafting, respectively.

Conclusions—

Older patients with non–ST-segment elevation MI with significant coronary disease face high long-term risks for mortality and nonfatal cardiovascular outcomes after early catheterization that differ by type of revascularization procedure performed. These findings can help guide the design of studies evaluating long-term therapies among elderly post-MI patients.
Uncoupling Protein 2 Deficiency Mimics the Effects of Hypoxia and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress on Mitochondria and Triggers Pseudohypoxic Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling and Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Dromparis Peter , Paulin Roxane , Sutendra Gopinath , Qi Andrew C. , Bonnet Sébastien , Michelakis Evangelos D.
Published: May 2013

Rationale:

Mitochondrial signaling regulates both the acute and the chronic response of the pulmonary circulation to hypoxia, and suppressed mitochondrial glucose oxidation contributes to the apoptosis-resistance and proliferative diathesis in the vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension. Hypoxia directly inhibits glucose oxidation, whereas endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress can indirectly inhibit glucose oxidation by decreasing mitochondrial calcium (Ca
2+
m
levels). Both hypoxia and ER stress promote proliferative pulmonary vascular remodeling. Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) has been shown to conduct calcium from the ER to mitochondria and suppress mitochondrial function.

Objective:

We hypothesized that UCP2 deficiency reduces Ca
2+
m
in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), mimicking the effects of hypoxia and ER stress on mitochondria in vitro and in vivo, promoting normoxic hypoxia inducible factor-1α activation and pulmonary hypertension.

Methods and Results:

Ucp2 knockout (KO)-PASMCs had lower mitochondrial calcium than Ucp2 wildtype (WT)-PASMCs at baseline and during histamine-stimulated ER-Ca
2+
release. Normoxic Ucp2KO-PASMCs had mitochondrial hyperpolarization, lower Ca
2+
-sensitive mitochondrial enzyme activity, reduced levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and Krebs’ cycle intermediates, and increased resistance to apoptosis, mimicking the hypoxia-induced changes in Ucp2WT-PASMC. Ucp2KO mice spontaneously developed pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension and exhibited a pseudohypoxic state with pulmonary vascular and systemic hypoxia inducible factor-1α activation (increased hematocrit), not exacerbated further by chronic hypoxia.

Conclusions:

This first description of the role of UCP2 in oxygen sensing and in pulmonary hypertension vascular remodeling may open a new window in biomarker and therapeutic strategies.
Fibronectin Is Essential for Reparative Cardiac Progenitor Cell Response After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Konstandin Mathias H. , Toko Haruhiro , Gastelum Grady M. , Quijada Pearl , De La Torre Andrea , Quintana Mercedes , Collins Brett , Din Shabana , Avitabile Daniele , Völkers Mirko , Gude Natalie , Fässler Reinhard , Sussman Mark A.
Published: May 2013

Rationale:

Adoptive transfer of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) has entered clinical application, despite limited mechanistic understanding of the endogenous response after myocardial infarction (MI). Extracellular matrix undergoes dramatic changes after MI and therefore might be linked to CPC-mediated repair.

Objective:

To demonstrate the significance of fibronectin (Fn), a component of the extracellular matrix, for induction of the endogenous CPC response to MI.

Methods and Results:

This report shows that presence of CPCs correlates with the expression of Fn during cardiac development and after MI. In vivo, genetic conditional ablation of Fn blunts CPC response measured 7 days after MI through reduced proliferation and diminished survival. Attenuated vasculogenesis and cardiogenesis during recovery were evident at the end of a 12-week follow-up period. Impaired CPC-dependent reparative remodeling ultimately leads to continuous decline of cardiac function in Fn knockout animals. In vitro, Fn protects and induces proliferation of CPCs via β
1
-integrin-focal adhesion kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3-Pim1 independent of Akt.

Conclusions:

Fn is essential for endogenous CPC expansion and repair required for stabilization of cardiac function after MI.
Cilostazol Reduces Angiographic Restenosis After Endovascular Therapy for Femoropopliteal Lesions in the Sufficient Treatment of Peripheral Intervention by Cilostazol Study
Authors: Iida Osamu , Yokoi Hiroyoshi , Soga Yoshimitsu , Inoue Naoto , Suzuki Kenji , Yokoi Yoshiaki , Kawasaki Daizo , Zen Kan , Urasawa Kazushi , Shintani Yoshiaki , Miyamoto Akira , Hirano Keisuke , Miyashita Yusuke , Tsuchiya Taketsugu , Shinozaki Norihiko , Nakamura Masato , Isshiki Takaaki , Hamasaki Toshimitsu , Nanto Shinsuke
Published: May 2013

Background—

It remains unclear whether cilostazol, which has been shown to improve the clinical outcomes of endovascular therapy for femoropopliteal lesions, also reduces angiographic restenosis.

Methods and Results—

The Sufficient Treatment of Peripheral Intervention by Cilostazol (STOP-IC) study investigated whether cilostazol reduces the 12-month angiographic restenosis rate after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with provisional nitinol stenting for femoropopliteal lesions. Two hundred patients with femoropopliteal lesions treated from March 2009 to April 2011 at 13 cardiovascular centers were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive oral aspirin with or without cilostazol. The primary end point was 12-month angiographic restenosis rate. Secondary end points were the restenosis rate on duplex ultrasound, the rate of major adverse cardiac events, and target lesion event-free survival. Researchers evaluated all follow-up data and assessed the end points in a blinded fashion. The mean lesion length and reference vessel diameter at the treated segment were 128±86 mm and 5.4±1.4 mm, respectively. The frequency of stent used was similar between groups (88% versus 90% in the cilostazol and noncilostazol group, respectively,
P
=0.82). During the 12-month follow-up period, 11 patients died and 152 patients (80%) had evaluable angiographic data at 12 months. The angiographic restenosis rate at 12 months was 20% (15/75) in the cilostazol group versus 49% (38/77) in the noncilostazol group (
P
=0.0001) by intention-to-treat analysis. The cilostazol group also had a significantly higher event-free survival at 12 months (83% versus 71%,
P
=0.02), although cardiovascular event rates were similar in both groups.

Conclusions—

Cilostazol reduced angiographic restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with provisional nitinol stenting for femoropopliteal lesions.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00912756; and URL:
https://www.umin.ac.jp
. Unique identifier: UMIN000002091.
Histopathology of Embolic Debris Captured During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Van Mieghem Nicolas M. , Schipper Marguerite E.I. , Ladich Elena , Faqiri Elham , van der Boon Robert , Randjgari Abas , Schultz Carl , Moelker Adriaan , van Geuns Robert-Jan , Otsuka Fumiyuki , Serruys Patrick W. , Virmani Renu , de Jaegere Peter P.
Published: May 2013

Background—

Recent transcatheter aortic valve replacement studies have raised concerns about adverse cerebrovascular events. The etiopathology of the embolized material is currently unknown.

Methods and Results—

A total of 40 patients underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement with the use of a dual filter–based embolic protection device (Montage Dual Filter System, Claret Medical, Inc). Macroscopic material liberated during the transcatheter aortic valve replacement procedure was captured in the device filter baskets in 30 (75%) patients and sent for histopathologic analysis. The captured material varied in size from 0.15 to 4.0 mm. Amorphous calcified material (size, 0.55–1.8 mm) was identified in 5 patients (17%). In 8 patients (27%), the captured material (size, 0.25–4.0 mm) contained valve tissue composed of loose connective tissue (collagen and elastic fibers) with focal areas of myxoid stroma, with or without coverage by endothelial cells and intermixed with fibrin. In another 13 (43%) patients, collagenous tissue, which may represent elements of vessel wall and valvelike structures, was identified. In 9 patients (30%), thrombotic material was intermixed with neutrophils (size, 0.15–2.0 mm). Overall, thrombotic material was found in 52% of patients, and tissue fragments compatible with aortic valve leaflet or aortic wall origin were found in 52% (21/40) of patients.

Conclusions—

Embolic debris traveling to the brain was captured in 75% of transcatheter aortic valve replacement procedures where a filter-based embolic protection device was used. The debris consisted of fibrin, or amorphous calcium and connective tissue derived most likely from either the native aortic valve leaflets or aortic wall.
Long-Term Cognitive Impairment After First-Ever Ischemic Stroke in Young Adults
Authors: Schaapsmeerders Pauline , Maaijwee Noortje A.M. , van Dijk Ewoud J. , Rutten-Jacobs Loes C.A. , Arntz Renate M. , Schoonderwaldt Hennie C. , Dorresteijn Lucille D.A. , Kessels Roy P.C. , de Leeuw Frank-Erik
Published: May 2013

Background and Purpose—

Up to 14% of all ischemic strokes occur in young adults (<50 years). Poststroke cognitive performance is a decisive determinant of their quality of life. However, virtually no studies report on cognition after young stroke, especially not on the long term. This long-term perspective is important because young patients have a long life expectancy during which they start forming a family, have an active social life, and make decisive career moves. We aimed to evaluate the long-term cognitive outcome.

Methods—

All consecutive patients between January 1, 1980, and November 1, 2010, with a first-ever young ischemic stroke were recruited for cognitive assessment, using a matched stroke-free population as a reference. Composite
Z
scores for 7 cognitive domains were calculated and the ANCOVA model was used (Bonferroni correction). A below average performance was defined as >1.0 SD below the age-adjusted mean of the controls and cognitive impairment as >1.5 SD.

Results—

Two hundred seventy-seven patients and 146 matched controls completed cognitive assessment (mean follow-up, 11.0 years, SD, 8.2; age, 50.9 years, SD, 10.3). Long-term cognitive outcome after an ischemic stroke was worse in most cognitive domains compared with a nonstroke population. Up to 50% of the patients had a below average performance or cognitive impairment. Deficits in processing speed, working memory, and attention were most common.

Conclusions—

Even 11 years after ischemic stroke in young adults, a substantial proportion of patients must cope with permanent cognitive deficits. These results have implications for information given to patients and rehabilitation services.
Religious-Zionist Attitudes Towards the Peace Process
Authors: Gross Zehavit
Published: May 2013

Abstract

The aim of this article is to analyse the attitudes of Religious-Zionists toward the Middle East peace process. The Religious-Zionist movement served as the flag-bearer for Jewish settlement in the occupied territories of Judea, Samaria and Gaza and the principal reserve of the settler population. The tragedy of Religious-Zionism may well be its desire to integrate within and benefit from historical realities originating in relative, pragmatic conceptions, along with its refusal or inability to liberate itself of thinking tools, conceptions and norms belonging to a theological, a-historical world controlled by absolute values and dreams. The dominant trend in Religious-Zionism was found to have a direct influence on the nature of Jewish public discourse and is expected to influence the shaping of Jewish society and culture in the State of Israel after the peace agreements are signed.
The Great Ejection of 1662: Memories, Interpretations and Justifications within Protestant Dissent, 1662-2012
Authors: Thompson David M.
Published: May 2013

The Great Ejection of 1662 has been variously remembered by English and Welsh nonconformists in the 350 years since. But the process reveals a shift away from the issues of the mid-seventeenth century to first, a remembrance of suffering, and then a generalisation of the issues in terms of political freedom and liberty of conscience. Furthermore, the question of whether groups are prisoners of their collective memories or may be released to act differently by acts of mutual forgiveness is a pressing contemporary ecumenical issue. It is therefore suggested that historical sensitivity is an indispensable adjunct to effective ecumenical agreement.
Baptists and 1662: the Effect of the Act of Uniformity on Baptists and its Ecumenical Significance for Baptists today
Authors: Fiddes Paul S.
Published: May 2013

The Act of Uniformity of 1662 had a much greater impact on the lives of Baptists in England and Wales than is indicated by the number of about 22 ejected from livings, since the Act was the symbolic focus of an attempt to impose religious uniformity more widely in society than merely in the practice of the clergy of the state church. Even before the Conventicle Act of 1664 (replaced by the second Conventicle Act of 1670), the 1662 Act encouraged revival and application of the Elizabethan Act of Uniformity of 1559, reinforced by the Religion Act of 1592, resulting in fines, imprisonment, threat of transportation and deaths in the unhealthy conditions of prison. The purpose of this article is not, however, to chronicle in detail the miseries caused by the series of Acts commonly called the ‘Clarendon Code’, but to explore the theological reasons why Baptists resisted the uniformity that was being attempted, drawing on two Baptist Confessions of faith written in the period. Uniformity is considered with regard to resistance to the Prayer Book, the requirement for reception of the Anglican eucharist as qualification for public office, and episcopacy. It is argued that the central theological reason for refusal of conformity in all these areas was an honouring of the rule of Christ in the congregation. Comparison is made in each of these areas with the life of the church today and especially with the ecumenical situation. The speculative suggestion is thus made that, had obedience to the rule of Christ been seen to be satisfied, Baptists could in principle have been drawn with other Nonconformists into a comprehensive national church. Less speculatively, it is urged that there are implications for ecumenical relations today.
What can the Twenty-First Century Church of England Learn from the Victorians?
Authors: Wolffe John
Published: May 2013

Present-day Anglicans have an ambivalent attitude to the Victorians. There are, however, as illustrated by a recent project in the diocese of London, important ways in which critical engagement with the past can inform constructive thinking in contemporary churches. In particular an understanding of patterns of church attendance in the nineteenth century provides context for evaluating more recent statistics, while knowledge of the circumstances leading to the building of Victorian churches can inform decisions about their present-day use. Awareness of the sometimes bitterly divided Victorian church helps to set current internal Anglican tensions in proportion, while a long historical perspective can be of assistance in the setting of realistic expectations in the present.
Patiently Living with Difference: Rowan Williams’ Archiepiscopal Ecclesiology and the Proposed Anglican Covenant
Authors: Zink Jesse
Published: May 2013

Rowan Williams, a theologian who has long stressed the importance of ecclesiology, served as Archbishop of Canterbury at a time when the Anglican Communion was consumed by an ecclesiological crisis. This paper explores the ecclesiology Williams has consistently articulated as archbishop and then holds it against Williams’ support of the proposed Anglican Communion Covenant and finds a disjuncture. Williams’ ecclesiology is rooted in the nature of a globalized world, which tends towards exclusion. In this context, the church is to be the embodiment of God’s purpose of ‘unrestricted community.’ In order to do so, the church must share a common language and be rooted in trust-full relations that can only develop over time. As the Covenant struggles to gain approval among Anglicans, it seems an apt time to return to Williams’ ecclesiology and patiently work towards understanding the different Anglican other.
Belief and Truth: A Skeptic Reading of Plato
Authors: Fine Gail
Published: May 2013

Belief and Truth: A Skeptic Reading of Plato. By Katja Maria Vogt. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. Pp. 224. ISBN: 978-0-19-991681-8.
Clarification of Zamia acuminata and a new Zamia species from Coclé Province, Panama
Authors: LINDSTRÖM ANDERS J. , CALONJE MICHAEL , STEVENSON DENNIS , HUSBY CHAD , TAYLOR ALBERTO
Published: May 2013

Zamia acuminata has remained an obscure, poorly understood species for over a century due to possibly misinterpreted or erroneous locality data on the unicate sterile type specimen, a very brief protologue description, the misidentification of the plants from El Valle de Antón in Panama as Z. acuminata, and the erroneous determinations of plants of Z. acuminata from Costa Rica as Z. fairchildiana. Recently collected material from San José Province in Costa Rica is here determined to be identical to the single sterile leaf material of the holotype of Zamia acuminata. We consider Z. acuminata to be a Costa Rican endemic species restricted to the western Talamanca mountain range in San José Province, and that the Zamia from El Valle de Antón in Panama, which has previously been referred to as Zamia acuminata, to be a new species, here described as Zamia nana.
Three new species of Rhipidocladum (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Arthrostylidiinae) from South America
Authors: TYRRELL CHRISTOPHER D. , CLARK LYNN G.
Published: May 2013

Three new woody bamboo species from South America, Rhipidocladum arenicolum from Peru, R. cordatum from Ecuador and R. rubrofimbriatum from Venezuela, are here described and illustrated. Based on morphological analysis, R. arenicolum and R. cordatum are placed in sect. Rhipidocladum and R. rubrofimbriatum in sect. Racemiflorum. Rhipidocladum arenicolum and R. cordatum are most similar to R. harmonicum, but R. arenicolum differs in its wider foliage leaf blades and longer spikelets and florets. Rhipidocladum cordatum differs by having cordate culm leaf blades, more branchlets per node and smaller, narrower foliage leaf blades as well as more closely spaced spikelets. Rhipidocladum rubrofimbriatum is most similar to R. sibilans but is awnless, has fewer branchlets per node, and larger, wider foliage leaf blades.
Review of Atlanticus Scudder, 1894 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Tettigoniinae) from China, with description of 27 new species
Authors: LIU CHUN-XIANG
Published: May 2013

Atlanticus Scudder illustrates a disjunctive distribution comprising 1 subgenus and 10 valid species from eastern North America and 2 subgenera and 14 valid species from eastern Asia. Several authors also predicted that it would appear that China was rich in new species of the genus Atlanticus. Based on investigation of male stridulatory apparatus, as well as previously used characters, including male and female abdominal apex and measurements of various structures, we pres-ent a taxonomic account of 43 species of Atlanticus from China. Twenty-seven species of Atlanticus new to science are described. Erroneous synonyms are noted, based on examination of topotypes. Atlanticus changi Tinkham, 1941 and At-lanticus pieli Tinkham, 1941 are valid species and not synonyms of Atlanticus kiangsu Ramme, 1939. Atlanticus jeholen-sis Mori, 1935 is also valid and not a synonym of Atlanticus sinensis Uvarov, 1924. Moreover, the supposedly important character, i.e., length comparison between male pronotum and tegmen, is not suitable for differentiating two subgenera of Atlanticus, because it is easy to cause confusion. In contrast, the architecture of the male tegmen is a useful character to differentiate the two subgenera. The previous mentioned Species Groups and the corresponding descriptions are also stud-ied. Necessary illustrations are provided.
Apostenus ducati (Araneae: Liocranidae) sp. nov.: a second Nearctic species in the genus
Authors: BENNETT ROBB , COPLEY CLAUDIA , COPLEY DARREN
Published: May 2013

Apostenus ducati sp. nov. is described from montane areas in or adjacent to the Columbia River Basin of southeastern British Columbia in Canada and northern Washington and northwestern Montana in the United States. This is the second Nearctic species of this primarily Palaearctic genus. Unlike most liocranids, A. ducati apparently is restricted to open rocky habitats, such as talus and scree slopes, and on mountain peaks. Throughout most of its range, specimens occur in low numbers and populations are patchily distributed. Also, populations appear to be concentrated in the upper regions of the Flathead River watershed in British Columbia, an area of significant and competing ecological and economic values. Because of these factors, A. ducati is potentially a species of conservation concern.
A new genus of the subfamily Metrodorinae (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) from Vietnam
Authors: STOROZHENKO SERGEY YU.
Published: May 2013

The monotypic genus Cleostratoides gen. nov. (type species Cleostratoides exoticus sp. nov. from Vietnam) is described in the subfamily Metrodorinae. New genus is closely related to the genera Mazarredia Bolívar, 1887, Xistrella Bolívar, 1909, Pseudoxistrella Liang, 1991, Orthotettixoides Zheng, 1998 and Bermania Storozhenko, 2012, but easily distinguished from all of them by the lateral ocelli situated just under fastigium of vertex and by the antennal sockets placed distinctly above the lower margin of eyes.
Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Japan. Part II: Genera with elevated and modified notopodia
Authors: IMAJIMA MINORU , REUSCHER MICHAEL G. , FIEGE DIETER
Published: May 2013

The second paper of the series about Ampharetidae from Japan includes twelve species of four genera with elevated and modified notopodia, Anobothrus Levinsen, 1884, Sosane Malmgren, 1866 (including species of the synonymized genera Muggoides Hartman, 1965, Sosanopsis Hessle, 1917, and Genus A sensu Uebelacker 1984), Tanseimaruana gen. nov., and Zatsepinia Jirkov, 1986. Tanseimaruana gen. nov. is related to Amphicteis Grube, 1850, but lacks prostomial glandular ridges and has a velum-like dermal outgrowth with two pairs of lobes across the dorsum of the first abdominal unciniger. The new genus comprises Tanseimaruana vestis comb. nov. (Hartman, 1965) (formerly Amphicteis vestis) and T. boninensis sp. nov. Seven additional new species, Anobothrus dayi sp. nov., A. fimbriatus sp. nov., A. flabelligerulus sp. nov., Sosane brevibranchiata sp. nov., Sosane trigintaduo sp. nov., S. uebelackerae sp. nov. (formerly Genus A sensu Uebelacker), and Zatsepinia jirkovi sp. nov., are described. Sosane cf. cinctus (Hartman, 1965), Sosane wireni (Hessle, 1917), and Zatsepinia rittichae Jirkov, 1986, all species previously known from the North Atlantic, are recorded from the North Pacific for the first time. A phylogenetic analysis of Sosane (including the synonymized genera Mugga Eliason, 1955, Muggoides, Sosanopsis, and Genus A sensu Uebelacker) suggests monophyly of the genus with Lysippe Malmgren, 1866 as sister taxon, and a monophyletic clade [Sosane cinctus, Sosane uebelackerae sp. nov., Mugga spp.] within Sosane. The monotypic genus Melinnata Hartman, 1965 has been found indeterminable.
New species and new distribution records in Rhinotragini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae)
Authors: BEZARK LARRY G. , MARTINS UBIRAJARA R. , SANTOS-SILVA ANTONIO , BERKOV AMY
Published: May 2013

Five new species are described: Eclipta ficta from Costa Rica; Eclipta lucida from Panama and Costa Rica; Odontocera cinctura from Costa Rica; Odontocera limula from Costa Rica, and Odontocera bettyae from Ecuador. The following five new country records are reported: Ischasia mareki Peñaherrera-Leiva & Tavakilian, 2004 from Brazil; Odontocera barn-ouini Peñaherrera-Leiva & Tavakilian, 2003, from Peru; Odontocera furcifera Bates, 1870 from Bolivia; Odontocera ni-griclavis Bates, 1873 from Argentina; Phygopoides talisiaphila Peñaherrera-Leiva & Tavakilian, 2003 from Brazil. New state records are reported for the following seven species in Brazil: Corallancyla neotropica Tippmann, 1960 from Paraná; Odontocera furcifera Bates from Amazonas; Odontocera globicollis Zajciw, 1971 from Rondônia; Odontocera punctata (Klug, 1825), from Rondônia; Odontocera trisignata Gounelle, 1911 from Pará; Pseudacorethra zischkai (Tippmann, 1960) from Amapá, Pará and Maranhão; Tomopterus clavicornis Magno, 1995 from Amazonas. Host plants are reported for Eclipta lucida, and mitochondrial-DNA sequence data are used to investigate the possibility that specimens with color polymorphism represent cryptic species.
Comments on cladocerans of crater lakes of the Nevado de Toluca Volcano (Central Mexico), with the description of a new species, Alona manueli sp. nov.
Authors: SINEV ARTEM Y. , ZAWISZA EDYTA
Published: May 2013

Cladoceran communities of two lakes of Nevado de Toluca Volcano, Central Mexico, were studied. A new species of Aloninae, Alona manueli sp. nov., is described. It was previously confused with Palearctic Alona intermedia Sars, 1862, but clearly differs from it in the morphology of postabdomen, head shield and head pores, and thoracic limbs. Position of Alona manueli sp. nov. within the genus is unclear, it did not belong to any species-group within Alona s. lato. Other spe-cies recorded in the studied lakes are Alona ossiani Sinev, 1998, Alonella pulchella Herrick, 1884, Chydorus belonging to sphaericus-group, Eurycercus longirostris Hann, 1982 and Pleuroxus cf. denticulatus Birge, 1879.
Species of Bicellaria Macquart (Diptera: Hybotidae) of Europe, with descriptions of four new species
Authors: BARTÁK MIROSLAV , KUBÍK ŠTĚPÁN
Published: May 2013

Species of the genus Bicellaria (Diptera: Hybotidae) of Europe are reviewed. Altogether four new species are described, viz B. andorra sp. nov. (Andorra, France), B. italica sp. nov. (Europe), B. kocoureki sp. nov. (Bulgaria), and B. setipalpus sp. nov. (Italy). Bicellaria dispar Oldenberg, 1920 is redescribed and lectotype is designated. Bicellaria bisetosa Tuomikoski, 1936 is newly synonymized with B. uvens Melander, 1928. Illustrations of male terminalia and a key to all known European species are provided.
The centipede fauna (Chilopoda) of the island of Cyprus, with one new lithobiomorph species
Authors: SIMAIAKIS STYLIANOS MICHAIL , ZAPPAROLI MARZIO , MINELLI ALESSANDRO , BONATO LUCIO
Published: May 2013

The centipede (Chilopoda) fauna of Cyprus, which was almost unknown, has been analysed by examining more than 1,800 specimens sampled from 185 sites, besides revising critically the few published data. A total of 26 species are listed and discussed (1 Scutigeromorpha, 9 Lithobiomorpha, 3 Scolopendromorpha, 13 Geophilomorpha), 21 of which are new to the island, i.e. Scutigera coleoptrata (Linnaeus, 1758), Lithobius (Ezembius) parvicornis (Porat, 1893), L. (E.) pamukkalensis Matic, 1980, L. (E.) zeylanus (Chamberlin, 1952), L. (Lithobius) carinatus L. Koch, 1862, L. (L.) erythrocephalus C.L. Koch, 1847, L. (Lithobius?) anderssoni n. sp., L. (Monotarsobius) ferganensis Trotzina, 1880, Cryptops (Cryptops) kosswigi (Chamberlin, 1952), C. (C.) cf. trisulcatus Brölemann, 1902, Dignathodon microcephalus (Lucas, 1846), Henia (Meinertia) bicarinata (Meinert, 1870), Geophilus cf. alpinus Meinert, 1870, G. cf. carpophagus Leach, 1815, Pachymerium ferrugineum (C.L. Koch, 1835), Schizotaenia sp., Stenotaenia naxia (Verhoeff, 1901), Thracophilus cilicius Attems, 1947, Nannophilus eximius (Meinert, 1870) and Schendyla cf. nemorensis (C.L. Koch, 1837), and another unidentified species of Schendylidae . As far as known, Lithobius anderssoni n. sp. is endemic to the island. Geographic distribution in Cyprus and ecological notes are given for each species. Taxonomic remarks are given for some species.
A new species of extinct scops owl (Aves: Strigiformes: Strigidae: Otus) from São Miguel Island (Azores Archipelago, North Atlantic Ocean)
Authors: RANDO JUAN CARLOS , ALCOVER JOSEP ANTONI , OLSON STORRS L. , PIEPER HARALD
Published: May 2013

The extinct São Miguel Scops Owl Otus frutuosoi n. sp. is described from fossil bones found in Gruta de Água de Pau, a volcanic tube in São Miguel Island (Azores Archipelago, North Atlantic Ocean). It is the first extinct bird described from the Azores and, after the Madeiran Scops Owl (O. mauli Rando, Pieper, Alcover & Olson 2012a), the second extinct spe-cies of Strigiformes known in Macaronesia. The forelimb elements of the new taxon are shorter, the hindlimb elements are longer, and the pelvis is shorter and broader than in the Eurasian Scops Owl (O. scops Linnaeus). The new species differs from O. mauli in the smaller size of many of its bones, especially the ulna and tibiotarsus. Its measurements (esti-mated weight, wing area, and wing loading, and the ratio of humerus + ulna + carpometacarpus length/femur length) in-dicate weak powers of flight and ground–dwelling habits. The latest occurrence of the new species, as evidenced by a radiocarbon date of 1970±40 BP from bone collagen, indicates a Late Holocene extinction event subsequent to 49 cal BC, and was probably linked to human arrival and subsequent habitat alterations
An extraordinary tribe of Tropiduchidae from the Eocene Baltic amber (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoroidea)
Authors: SZWEDO JACEK , STROIŃSKI ADAM
Published: May 2013

The new tribe Patollini trib. n. of the Tropiduchidae with the extinct genus Patollo gen. n., comprising two species Patollo natangorum sp. n. and P. aestiorum sp. n. from Eocene Baltic amber is described. Taxonomic placement of some fossil taxa ascribed to Tropiduchidae is discussed. The classification of Tropiduchidae is discussed, as well as phylogenetic position and fossil record of Tropiduchidae and related taxa.
New species and redescriptions of the New Zealand genus Exsul Hutton (Diptera: Muscidae: Coenosiinae)
Authors: BARBOSA LEANDRO SILVA , COURI MÁRCIA SOUTO
Published: May 2013

Exsul Hutton (Diptera, Muscidae) is revised and the genus diagnosis is enlarged. The female of Exsul singularis Hutton is described for the first time. The male and female terminalia of all species are described and illustrated. Exsul alfredoi sp. n. is described and illustrated and compared with the other known species. A key to separate the species is given.
Interpretation of Multiwavelength-Retrieved Droplet Effective Radii for Warm Water Clouds in Terms of In-Cloud Vertical Inhomogeneity by Using a Spectral Bin Microphysics Cloud Model
Authors: Nagao Takashi M. , Suzuki Kentaroh , Nakajima Takashi Y.
Published: May 2013

This study examines the impact of in-cloud vertical inhomogeneity on cloud droplet effective radii (CDERs) of water-phase cloud retrieved from 1.6-, 2.1-, and 3.7-μm-band measurements (denoted by r1.6, r2.1, and r3.7, respectively). Discrepancies between r1.6, r2.1, and r3.7 due to in-cloud vertical inhomogeneity are simulated by using a spectral bin microphysics cloud model and one-dimensional (1D) remote sensing simulator under assumptions that cloud properties at the subpixel scale have horizontal homogeneity and 3D radiative transfer effects can be ignored. Two-dimensional weighting functions for the retrieved CDERs with respect to cloud optical depth and droplet size are introduced and estimated by least squares fitting to the relation between the model-simulated droplet size distribution functions and the retrieved CDERs. The results show that the 2D weighting functions can explain CDER discrepancies due to in-cloud vertical inhomogeneity and size spectrum characteristics. The difference between r1.6 and r2.1 is found to primarily depend on the vertical difference in droplet size distribution because the peak widths of their weighting functions differ in terms of cloud optical depth. The difference between r3.7 and r2.1, in contrast, is highly dependent on r2.1 because the magnitude of its weighting function is always greater than that of r3.7 over the entire range of optical depths and droplet sizes, except for the cloud top. The overestimation of retrieved CDER compared with in situ CDER in a typical adiabatic cloud case is also interpreted in terms of in-cloud vertical inhomogeneity based on the 2D weighting functions and simulation results.
Reflection of Barotropic Rossby Waves in Sheared Flow and Validity of the WKB Approximation
Authors: Potter Samuel F. , Spengler Thomas , Held Isaac M.
Published: May 2013

The authors discuss reflection of barotropic Rossby waves in an idealized framework with potential applications to tropical–extratropical and interhemispheric interactions. Meridional propagation of Rossby waves has often been studied using the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) approximation. The WKB approximation neglects reflection. The authors investigate the amount of reflection in simple shear profiles and attempt to evaluate the validity of using the WKB approximation to understand the meridional propagation of Rossby waves. In addition to solving for the reflection coefficient numerically, exact and approximate forms of the reflection coefficient in certain parameter regimes are derived. An application to the observed climatology is discussed in light of the findings.