bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advances in therapeutic options for portal hypertension
Authors: Vilaseca Marina , Guixé-Muntet Sergi , Fernández-Iglesias Anabel , Gracia-Sancho Jordi
Published: November 2018

Portal hypertension represents one of the major clinical consequences of chronic liver disease, having a deep impact on patients’ prognosis and survival. Its pathophysiology defines a pathological increase in the intrahepatic vascular resistance as the primary factor in its development, being subsequently aggravated by a paradoxical increase in portal blood inflow. Although extensive preclinical and clinical research in the field has been developed in recent decades, no effective treatment targeting its primary mechanism has been defined. The present review critically summarizes the current knowledge in portal hypertension therapeutics, focusing on those strategies driven by the disease pathophysiology and underlying cellular mechanisms.
Impact of Design on Emotional, Psychological, or Social Well-Being for People With Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Karol Elizabeth , Smith Dianne
Published: November 2018

Aim:

The objective of this article is to identify and analyze what is known about characteristics in and around the home that support well-being for those with cognitive impairment. This could provide direction for designers of homes in general, but specifically for designers trying to meet the needs of people with cognitive impairment.

Background:

It has been established that there is a relationship between psychological well-being and a person’s environment. Research also shows that particular design aspects can reduce the impact of cognitive impairment. However, there is limited design expertise in the Australian housing market to create supportive spaces which will help to reduce the impact of the disability for those with cognitive impairment.

Method:

A literature review was carried out to determine the extent and details of what is known about the relationship of home design and its impact on emotional, psychological, or social well-being for people with cognitive impairment.

Conclusions:

The study indicates that researchers in various disciplines understand that pragmatic design inputs such as thermal comfort and adequate lighting are important for people with cognitive impairment. In addition, some researchers have shown or surmise that there are other “intangible” designer-controlled elements that have beneficial impacts on people with cognitive impairment. Details of these intangible elements are sparse, and how much they might improve the quality of life for a person with cognitive impairment is not well understood. Further research is required to meet a growing need.
Blood Flow–Restricted Training for Lower Extremity Muscle Weakness due to Knee Pathology: A Systematic Review
Authors: Barber-Westin Sue , Noyes Frank R.
Published: November 2018

Context:

Blood flow–restricted training (BFRT) has been suggested to treat lower extremity muscle weakness. The efficacy of BFRT for muscle problems related to knee pathology is unclear.

Objective:

To determine whether BFRT (1) improves muscle strength and cross-sectional area (CSA) for chronic knee-related lower extremity atrophy and (2) prevents muscle atrophy after knee surgery.

Data Sources:

A systematic review of the literature from 1974 to 2017 was conducted using the PubMed and Cochrane databases.

Study Selection:

Controlled trials that used BFRT to treat chronic knee-related lower extremity muscle atrophy or to prevent muscle atrophy after knee surgery that measured the effects on quadriceps or hamstrings muscle strength or CSA were included.

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Level of Evidence:

Level 2.

Data Extraction:

Data were extracted as available from 9 studies (8 level 1, 1 level 2). Assessment of study quality was rated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database or Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies instruments.

Results:

BFRT was used after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and routine knee arthroscopy and in patients with knee osteoarthritis or patellofemoral pain. There were a total of 165 patients and 170 controls. Vascular occlusion and exercise protocols varied; all studies except 1 incorporated exercises during occlusion, most of which focused on the quadriceps. Six of 7 studies that measured quadriceps strength reported statistically significant improvements after training. Few benefits in quadriceps CSA were reported. Hamstrings strength was only measured in 2 studies. There were no complications related to training.

Conclusion:

Published limited data show BFRT to be safe and potentially effective in improving quadriceps muscle strength in patients with weakness and atrophy related to knee pathology. The use of short-duration vascular occlusion and light-load resistance exercises appears safe after knee surgery or in arthritic knees. This treatment option requires further investigation to refine protocols related to cuff pressure and exercise dosage and duration.
Critical hybrid pedagogies: A self-study inquiry into faculty practices in a blended Educational Leadership EdD program
Authors: Strom Katie , Porfilio Brad
Published: November 2018

In an educational context that includes an overarching neoliberal agenda and rapidly expanding inequalities that cross social, racial, class, linguistic, and gender lines, preparing educational leaders to promote social justice in educational systems is more urgent than ever. Framed by critical posthumanism, this self-study inquiry investigates the construction of hybrid teaching practices that foster the kind of authentic interaction needed to develop transformative leaders who are capable of challenging unjust social relationships in educational institutions. In our findings, we explore the ways the introduction of technology changed the nature of teaching, how we strengthened the connections between online and in-person coursework, describe the creative possibilities afforded by technology, and outline issues of social justice that surfaced during our analysis. The study highlights the professional learning of two Educational Leadership faculty in the area of online pedagogy and speaks to the promise of self-study as a rich way for faculty to engage in collaborative, transformative learning. The study holds the potential to help faculty improve their teaching practice as well as assist them to think deeply about how their subjectivities are mediated via various technologies.
Promoting pro-environmental behaviours through induced hypocrisy
Authors: Odou Philippe , Darke Peter , Voisin Dimitri
Published: November 2018

In the field of ethical consumption, research in recent years has attempted to explain the gap between principles and actual behaviour. Three experimental studies show that when the contradiction between what individuals say and what they do is made salient in the field of environmental protection, that is to say in a situation of induced hypocrisy, they indirectly reduce the resulting cognitive dissonance by being more altruistic towards associations that act for the environment but not towards humanitarian associations. This effect of induced hypocrisy fades as individuals become less vulnerable to the threat to the self by affirming values that are important to them.
Experiences of living with a sexually transmitted disease: A cross-sectional descriptive survey
Authors: Haapa Toni , Suominen Tarja , Koivisto Anna-Maija , Kylmä Jari
Published: November 2018

Some dimensions such as stigmatization have been identified in the previous literature regarding experiences of living with a sexually transmitted disease (STD). However, relatively little is known about the generic experiences of those infected. The aim of this study was to describe the experiences of living with an STD, as evaluated by those infected. Data ( n = 213) were collected via an online questionnaire and analysed using statistical methods. The experiences of living with an STD varied overall. The immutability of everyday life, a thirst for knowledge, a responsible attitude towards treatment of an STD and the dilemma of disclosing the STD were considered to best describe the experiences of living with an STD. The most recently diagnosed STD and its phase were most often statistically significantly associated with the experiences. We conclude that the diversity of these experiences should be recognized in healthcare, and used in the prevention of STDs.
How Is Literacy Being Defined and Measured in Dementia Research? A Scoping Review
Authors: Choi Seul Ki , Rose India D. , Friedman Daniela B.
Published: November 2018

Literacy plays an important role in Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD); however, less is known about how literacy is being used and defined in ADRD studies. This study reviewed terminology being used to describe types and definitions of literacy and instruments used to assess literacy in ADRD research. Among the 219 studies retrieved from 3 databases, 50 met our inclusion criteria. Literacy terms used in ADRD studies varied: literacy ( n = 28), health literacy ( n = 9), and dementia literacy ( n = 7) were the most often used terms, followed by financial literacy ( n = 4), dementia knowledge ( n = 3), AD knowledge ( n = 2), mental health literacy ( n = 2), AD literacy, digital literacy, health literacy about incontinence, and financial knowledge ( n = 1 each). Thirty studies did not define literacy terms used. Among the 20 studies defining literacy, definitions were inconsistent across studies even when they used the same term. Surveys ( n = 30), open-ended questions, vignettes, or focus groups ( n = 10), self-perceived ( n = 3) or interviewer assessed ( n = 1) literacy levels were used to assess literacy. Ten studies did not specify literacy measurement. Various literacies have been examined in ADRD research with unclear definitions and some inadequate measures. Well-defined terms with valid measures are needed to better understand the role of literacies in ADRD research.
Handling tensions in human resource management: Insights from paradox theory
Authors: Keegan Anne , Brandl Julia , Aust Ina
Published: November 2018

We have two aims in this article. Our first aim is conceptual where we enrich tensions-focused human resource management (HRM) research with insights from paradox theory. The second aim is to provide guidance for how HR practitioners can handle tensions that never go away. We focus on HR practitioners because they play leading roles in managing employment practices and designing intended HRM practices. We elaborate on the issue of handling tensions and apply a set of response strategies suggested by paradox theory, including suppressing, opposing, splitting and adjusting. Finally, we illustrate these response strategies and their consequences using an example of hiring practices.
How I treat cancer-associated venous thromboembolism
Authors: Kraaijpoel Noémie , Carrier Marc
Published: November 2018

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is a common complication of cancer and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Several cancer-related risk factors contribute to the development of VTE including cancer type and stage, chemotherapy, surgery, and patient-related factors such as advanced age and immobilization. Patients with cancer frequently undergo diagnostic imaging scans for cancer staging and treatment response evaluation, which is increasing the underlying risk of VTE detection. The management of cancer-associated VTE is challenging. Over the years, important advances have been made and, recently, randomized controlled trials have been published helping clinicians’ management of this patient population. In this review, we will discuss common cancer-associated VTE scenarios and critically review available evidence to guide treatment decisions.
CD19-positive antibody-secreting cells provide immune memory
Authors: Groves C. J. , Carrell J. , Grady R. , Rajan B. , Morehouse C. A. , Halpin R. , Wang J. , Wu J. , Shrestha Y. , Rayanki R. , Kolbeck R. , Wang Y. , Herbst R.
Published: November 2018

Long-lived antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) are critical for the maintenance of humoral immunity through the continued production of antibodies specific for previously encountered pathogen or vaccine antigens. Recent reports describing humoral immune memory have suggested the importance of long-lived CD19− bone marrow (BM) ASCs, which secrete antibodies recognizing previously encountered vaccine antigens. However, these reports do not agree upon the unique contribution of the CD19+ BM ASC subset toward humoral immunity. Here, we found both CD19+ and negative ASCs from human BM were similar in functional capacity to react to a number of vaccine antigens via ELISpot assays. The CD19+ cells were the predominant ASC population found in lymphoid tissues, and unlike the CD19− ASCs, which were found only in spleen and BM, the CD19+ ASCs were found in tonsil and blood. CD19+ ASCs from the BM, spleen, and tonsil were capable of recognizing polio vaccine antigens, indicating the CD19+ ASC cells play a novel role in long-lasting immune defense. Comparative gene expression analysis indicated CD19+ and negative BM ASCs differed significantly by only 14 distinct messenger RNAs and exhibited similar gene expression for cell cycle, autophagy, and apoptosis control necessary for long life. In addition, we show identical CDR-H3 sequences found on both BM ASC subsets, indicating a shared developmental path. Together, these results provide novel insight for the distribution, function, genetic regulation, and development of long-lived ASCs and may not only impact improved cell therapies but also enhance strategies for vaccine development.
Associations between schizophrenia genetic risk, anxiety disorders and manic/hypomanic episode in a longitudinal population cohort study
Authors: Richards Alexander , Horwood John , Boden Joseph , Kennedy Martin , Sellers Ruth , Riglin Lucy , Mistry Sumit , Jones Hannah , Smith Daniel J. , Zammit Stanley , Owen Michael , O'Donovan Michael C. , Harold Gordon T.
Published: November 2018

Background

Studies involving clinically recruited samples show that genetic liability to schizophrenia overlaps with that for several psychiatric disorders including bipolar disorder, major depression and, in a population study, anxiety disorder and negative symptoms in adolescence.

Aims

We examined whether, at a population level, association between schizophrenia liability and anxiety disorders continues into adulthood, for specific anxiety disorders and as a group. We explored in an epidemiologically based cohort the nature of adult psychopathology sharing liability to schizophrenia.

Method

Schizophrenia polygenic risk scores (PRSs) were calculated for 590 European-descent individuals from the Christchurch Health and Development Study. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between schizophrenia PRS and four anxiety disorders (social phobia, specific phobia, panic disorder and generalised anxiety disorder), schizophrenia/schizophreniform disorder, manic/hypomanic episode, alcohol dependence, major depression, and – using linear regression – total number of anxiety disorders. A novel population-level association with hypomania was tested in a UK birth cohort (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children).

Results

Schizophrenia PRS was associated with total number of anxiety disorders and with generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder. We show a novel population-level association between schizophrenia PRS and manic/hypomanic episode.

Conclusions

The relationship between schizophrenia liability and anxiety disorders is not restricted to psychopathology in adolescence but is present in adulthood and specifically linked to generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder. We suggest that the association between schizophrenia liability and hypomanic/manic episodes found in clinical samples may not be due to bias.

Declarations of interest

None.
Unleashing talent in mental health sciences: gender equality at the top
Authors: Breedvelt Josefien J. F. , Rowe Sarah , Bowden-Jones Henrietta , Shridhar Sunita , Lovett Kate , Bockting Claudi , Lingford-Hughes Anne , Strathdee Geraldine , Tracy Derek K.
Published: November 2018

Society is undergoing a shift in gender politics. Science and medicine are part of this conversation, not least as women's representation and pay continue to drop as one progresses through more senior academic and clinical levels. Naming and redressing these inequalities needs to be a priority for us all.

Declaration of interest

None.
Adjuvant Letrozole and Tamoxifen Alone or Sequentially for Postmenopausal Women With Hormone Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer: Long-Term Follow-Up of the BIG 1-98 Trial
Authors: Ruhstaller Thomas , Giobbie-Hurder Anita , Colleoni Marco , Jensen Maj-Britt , Ejlertsen Bent , de Azambuja Evandro , Neven Patrick , Láng István , Jakobsen Erik Hugger , Gladieff Laurence , Bonnefoi Hervé , Harvey Vernon J. , Spazzapan Simon , Tondini Carlo , Del Mastro Lucia , Veyret Corinne , Simoncini Edda , Gianni Lorenzo , Rochlitz Christoph , Kralidis Elena , Zaman Khalil , Jassem Jacek , Piccart-Gebhart Martine , Di Leo Angelo , Gelber Richard D. , Coates Alan S. , Goldhirsch Aron , Thürlimann Beat , Regan Meredith M. ,   for the members of the BIG 1-98 Collaborative Group and the International Breast Cancer Study Group
Published: November 2018

Purpose

Luminal breast cancer has a long natural history, with recurrences continuing beyond 10 years after diagnosis. We analyzed long-term follow-up (LTFU) of efficacy outcomes and adverse events in the Breast International Group (BIG) 1-98 study reported after a median follow-up of 12.6 years.

Patients and Methods

BIG 1-98 is a four-arm, phase III, double-blind, randomized trial comparing adjuvant letrozole versus tamoxifen (either treatment received for 5 years) and their sequences (2 years of one treatment plus 3 years of the other) for postmenopausal women with endocrine-responsive early breast cancer. When pharmaceutical company sponsorship ended at 8.4 years of median follow-up, academic partners initiated an observational, LTFU extension collecting annual data on survival, disease status, and adverse events. Information from Denmark was from the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group Registry. Intention-to-treat analyses are reported.

Results

Of 8,010 enrolled patients, 4,433 were alive and not withdrawn at an LTFU participating center, and 3,833 (86%) had at least one LTFU report. For the monotherapy comparison of letrozole versus tamoxifen, we found a 9% relative reduction in the hazard of a disease-free survival event with letrozole (hazard ratio [HR], 0.91; 95% CI, 0.81 to 1.01). HRs for other efficacy end points were similar to those for disease-free survival. Efficacy of letrozole versus tamoxifen for contralateral breast cancer varied significantly over time (0- to 5-, 5- to 10-, and > 10-year HRs, 0.62, 0.47, and 1.35, respectively; treatment-by-time interaction P = .005), perhaps reflecting a longer carryover effect of tamoxifen. Reporting of specific long-term adverse events seemed more effective with national registry than with case-record reporting of clinical follow-up.

Conclusion

Efficacy end points continued to show trends favoring letrozole. Letrozole reduced contralateral breast cancer frequency in the first 10 years, but this reversed beyond 10 years. This study illustrates the value of extended follow-up in trials of luminal breast cancer.
Number and brightness analysis in live cells reveals that NCAM and FGF2 elicit different assembly and dynamics of FGFR1
Authors: Zamai Moreno , Trullo Antonio , Giordano Marco , Corti Valeria , Cuesta Elvira Arza , Francavilla Chiara , Cavallaro Ugo , Caiolfa Valeria R.
Published: November 2018

Both fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) trigger FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) signaling, however they induce remarkably distinct receptor trafficking and cellular responses. The molecular basis of such a dichotomy and the role of distinct types of ligand-receptor interactions remain elusive. Number of molecules and Brightness (N&B) analysis revealed that FGF2 and NCAM promote different FGFR1 assembly and dynamics at the plasma membrane. NCAM stimulation elicits long-lasting cycles of short-lived FGFR1 monomers and multimers, a behavior that might reflect a rapid FGFR1 internalization and recycling. FGF2, instead, induces stable dimerization at the dose that stimulates cell proliferation. Reducing the occupancy of FGFR1 by low FGF2 doses causes a switch towards cyclically exposed and unstable receptor dimers, consistently with previously reported biphasic response to FGF2 and with the divergent signaling elicited by different ligand concentrations. Similar instability was observed upon altering the endocytic pathway. Thus, FGF2 and NCAM induce differential FGFR1 clustering at the cell surface, which might account for the distinct intracellular fate of the receptor and, hence, for the different signaling cascades and cellular responses.
ЛЕКСИКО-СЕМАНТИЧЕСКАЯ КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ ГЛАГОЛОВ ПОВЕДЕНИЯ В ХАНТЫЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ
Authors: Nakhracheva Galina Leonidowna
Published: November 2018

Введение. В статье представлена лексико-семантическая классификация глаголов поведения в хантыйском языке; определяется семантический признак, согласно которому проводился отбор глаголов в лексико-семантическую группу глаголов поведения; описываются семы, участвующие в распределении глаголов по подгруппам. Предметом исследования являются особенности семантики и функционирования глаголов поведения.Цель. Автор ставит целью выявить и описать семантику, определить состав и структуру глаголов поведения в хантыйском языке.Метод или методология проведения работы. В работе применялись метод компонентного анализа, метод контекстного анализа и сравнительно- сопоставительный анализ значения лексемы.Результаты. Глаголы поведения хантыйского языка до настоящего времени не были подвергнуты специальному монографическому исследованию; в основном, изучение глаголов данной семантики в хантыйском языке носит лишь фрагментарный характер. Нами были выделены десять семантических групп: глаголы неестественного, самовольного, неискреннего, несерьезного, безответственного, безнравственного, бесцеремонного, неуравновешенного, нечестного поведения, глаголы поведения человека по отношению к материальным благам. Далее в рамках данных групп глаголов поведения были вычленены подгруппы глаголов, которые образуются на основе повторяющейся дифференциальной семы. Выделенные группы находятся в сложных семантических связях, пересекаются друг с другом, образуя комплексную семантическую систему, формируется в основном за счет единиц, которые обозначают различные формы негативного поведения.Область применения результатов. Материалы и выводы исследования могут быть использованы при составлении словарей хантыйского языка, при сопоставлении генетически родственных языков.
ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ СПЕЦИФИКА КОММУНИКАТИВНЫХ СТРАТЕГИЙ И ТАКТИК В ЖАНРЕ ПУБЛИЧНОЙ НАУЧНОЙ ЛЕКЦИИ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА)
Authors: Nosova Oxana Evgenyevna , Medvedeva Alena Valeryevna
Published: November 2018

Представленное исследование фокусируется на лингвокультурологической интерпретации коммуникативных стратегий и тактик в жанре публичной научной лекции.Актуальность данной работы определяется потребностью дальнейшего исследования публичной научной лекции в рамках коммуникативной лингвистики, а также лингвокультурологического толкования коммуникативных процессов.Предметом исследования выступают стратегии, реализующие процесс коммуникации говорящим на публичной научной лекции.Объектом изучения выступает коммуникация, реализуемая в ходе выступления на научно-популярной лекции.В работе использовались такие методы исследования как лингвокультурологический анализ, прагматическое описание, контекстуальный и дискурсивный анализы.Материалом исследования для данной работы послужили публичные выступления, представленные на площадке американских научных конференций TED. Анализируется коммуникативное поведение говорящего, осуществляющего англоязычное публичное выступление.В теоретической части статьи основным вопросом выступает то, что коммуникативные стратегии обусловлены лингвокультурным кодом.В ходе исследования устанавливается, что лингвокультурологическая специфика публичной лекции в англоязычной коммуникации обусловлена такой ценностной доминантой как «стратегичность англоязычного общения».Результаты работы могут быть использованы в преподавании теории коммуникации, спецкурсов по лингвокультурологии, дискурсу, речевым жанрам, социолингвистике.
СОПОСТАВИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ КОММУНИКАТИВНЫХ СТРАТЕГИЙ В РЕКЛАМНЫХ СЛОГАНАХ КОНДИТЕРСКИХ ИЗДЕЛИЙ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ РУССКОЯЗЫЧНОЙ И АНГЛОЯЗЫЧНОЙ РЕКЛАМЫ)
Authors: Strizhkova Olga Valerevna , Streneva Natalya Vladimirovna
Published: November 2018

Резюме. Статья посвящена проблеме выявления сходных и отличных языковых единиц выражения коммуникативных тактик в реализации коммуникативных стратегий в рекламном дискурсе продуктов питания.Автор ставит целью провести сопоставительный прагмалингвистический анализ, направленный на описание конкретно-языковых и типологических характеристик средств выражения коммуникативного намерения в англо- и русскоязычных слоганах рекламы кондитерских изделий.Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования образует метод сопоставительного анализа, включающего приемы количественного анализа и статистической обработки материала.Результаты. Автор выявляет коммуникативные стратегии и тактики, сходные для англо- и русскоязычного рекламного дискурса продуктов питания, а также лексические и синтаксические языковые средства выражения интенции адресанта, наиболее распространенные для каждого из анализируемых языков.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в сфере лингвокультурной коммуникации при составлении учебных пособий по сравнительной типологии англо- и русскоязычных рекламных текстов.
ЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ АРГУМЕНТАЦИИ В ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОМ ДИСКУРСЕ
Authors: Kardovich Irina Kimovna , Korobova Ekaterina Vladimirovna , Zarudnaya Maria Vladimirovna
Published: November 2018

Цель. Статья посвящена актуальной теме лингвистической аргументации. Предметом анализа выступает логико-коммуникативная организация текстов экономического дискурса с позиции проявления в них универсальной категории аргументации. Авторы ставят целью установить и классифицировать типы логико-семантических отношений, создающих логический аспект аргументации в сверхфразовых единствах (СФЕ) современного экономического текста, а также показать их функционирование на примере соединительного типа отношений.Метод или методология проведения работы. Теоретической основой исследования послужили работы отечественных и зарубежных исследователей в области лингвистической аргументации. Методологической базой исследования выступили методы контекстуального и сравнительного анализа, а также индуктивный и дедуктивный методы научного познания.Результаты. Результаты работы заключаются в том, что авторы провели инвентаризацию и описали логико-семантические отношения, создающие каркас логического аспекта текстовой аргументации в экономическом дискурсе; проанализировали средства выражения этих отношений, соединяющие самостоятельные предложения (или группы предложений) в сверхфразовых единствах (СФЕ) современного экономического текста, а также функционирование одного из трех основных типов логико-семантических отношений – соединительных отношений и их семантических разновидностей.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в спецкурсе по лингвистике текста, при подготовке учебных пособий, а также при написании курсовых и дипломных работ студентов.
Electrometallurgy and metallurgy of steel
Authors: Рощин Василий , Roschin Vasiliy
Published: November 2018

The textbook systematically outlines the basics of the theory and practice of steel production in oxygen converters, arc steel furnaces and special electrometallurgy units, as well as describes the basic design solutions of melting units, secondary processing units and equipment for steel casting.
Designed for bachelors and masters in the field of "metallurgy" and for graduate students in the field of "technology of materials"; may be useful to researchers in the field of steel production, as well as practical workers of metallurgical and engineering industries.
Association of Weekend Admission and Weekend Discharge with Length of Stay and 30‐Day Readmission in Children's Hospitals
Authors: Markham Jessica L , Richardson Troy , Hall Matthew , Bonafide Christopher P , Williams Derek J , Auger Katherine A. , Wilson Karen M , Shah Samir S ,   Pediatric Research in Inpatient Settings (PRIS) Network
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND

Worse outcomes among adults presenting for/receiving care on weekends (ie, “the weekend effect”) have been observed for many diseases. However, little is known about the overall impact of the weekend effect in hospitalized children.

OBJECTIVE

To determine the association between weekend admission and length of stay (LOS) and between weekend discharge and 30‐day all‐cause readmission.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective, cross‐sectional study of children hospitalized between October 1, 2014 and September 30, 2015 using the Pediatric Health Information System. Birth hospitalizations and planned procedures were excluded. We used generalized linear mixed modeling to assess the independent association between weekend admission and LOS and weekend discharge and readmission risk.

RESULTS

Among 390,745 hospitalizations across 43 hospitals, the median LOS was 41 hours (interquartile range [IQR] 24‐71) and the 30‐day readmission rate was 8.2% (IQR 7.2‐9.4). We observed no association between weekend admission and LOS (adjusted LOS [95% CI] weekend 63.70 [61.01‐66.52] hours vs weekday 63.40 [60.73‐66.19] hours, P = .112). Weekend discharge was associated with slightly increased odds of readmission compared with weekday discharge (adjusted probability of readmission [95% CI]: weekend 0.13 [0.12‐0.13] vs weekday 0.11 [0.11‐0.12]; P < .001) but was variable among individual hospitals. Patient characteristics (ie, number of chronic conditions) were more strongly associated with LOS and readmission risk than weekend admission or discharge.

CONCLUSIONS

Patient‐level factors (ie, clinical and demographic characteristics) are more indicative of longer LOS and readmission risk than weekend admissions or discharges. The overall impact of the weekend effect across children's hospitals was minimal.
Fear of the Market or Fear of the Competitor? Ambiguity in a Real Options Game
Authors: Hellmann Tobias , Thijssen Jacco J. J.
Published: November 2018

In “Fear of the Market or Fear of the Competitor? Ambiguity in a Real Options Game”, Tobias Hellmann and Jacco Thijssen study the effects of managerial ambiguity aversion on investment decisions in a duopoly. Ambiguity is over the investment project’s expected growth rate (the “trend”). In their continuous-time model they assume that investment commands a first-mover advantage, which, in equilibrium, leads to pre-emption. They show that ambiguity reduces pre-emptive pressure. As a consequence firm value may be increasing in the degree of ambiguity. They also find that the worst-case prior (under which managers compute firm value) is not always given by the lowest trend, but can switch over time between the lowest and the highest trend. Finally, if one of the firms is not ambiguity averse, then its value is increasing in the other firm’s degree of ambiguity.
Uma literatura do desassossego – interculturalidades e política em Neve de Orhan Pamuk
Authors: Ignácio Ewerton De Freitas , Andrade Emile Cardoso
Published: November 2018

A literatura do século XXI pode ser definida como uma produção que se preocupa com a experiência intercultural do sujeito em tempos globalizados e de convergência midiática. Nesse sentido, os escritores de agora buscam – a partir do mal-estar oriundo do entre-lugar (GUATELLI, 2012) pelo qual os sujeitos contemporâneos transitam – aproximar-se de discussões orientadas para o sentido do que ainda pode ser pensado sobre a política e os aspectos interculturais que permeiam nosso mundo. Sob este viés, interessa-nos investigar a construção narrativa de Neve, romance de Orhan Pamuk, publicado no Brasil em 2006, tecendo relações entre as noções de ficção e realidade, e como estas instâncias são mediadas pela televisão e pelo teatro e concorrem para problematizações interculturais e políticas dos tempos atuais (DEBORD, 1997). Acreditamos que essa análise permitirá compreender em que medida ocorrem, na ficção contemporânea, aproximações e distanciamentos entre o real e as imagens produzidas pela mídia, bem como de quais formas essa relação atravessa outros âmbitos da vivência, como a cultura, o social e o político.
Entre fronteiras marítimas e corpóreas: apontamentos sobre os rumos da poesia moçambicana contemporânea
Authors: Riambau Pinheiro Vanessa
Published: November 2018

RESUMOO propósito deste estudo é analisar a produção lírica moçambicana contemporânea a partir de alguns autores representativos cuja poética revela-se especialmente intimista. Inicialmente, retomaremos alguns elementos da formação da literatura dos países africanos de língua oficial portuguesa, em especial a de Moçambique, a fim de compreender a motivação épico-coletiva no momento de sua consolidação, nos períodos que antecederam e que sucederam a descolonização portuguesa. Após, nos deteremos em quatro poetas de Moçambique que foram recentemente publicados no Brasil, a saber: Ana Mafalda Leite, Sangare Okapi, Sónia Sultuane e Hirondina Joshua, tendo em conta aspectos que os diferenciam da poética de períodos anteriores, como a valorização do individual, do feminino e do erótico, além da revisitação de autores que os precederam e da retomada de temas como a Ilha de Moçambique e o Índico. Para embasar nosso estudo, recorreremos a Paz (2012), Mbembe (2014) e Noa (2002), entre outros.Palavras-chaves: poesia moçambicana; Índico; erótico.
Teopoética do traste em Manoel em Barros
Authors: Da Silva ELI Brandão , Lima Huerto Eleuterio Pereira
Published: November 2018

Este artigo apresenta uma leitura teopoética da obra do poeta Manoel de Barros, analisando e interpretando sua poesia como (re)criação teológica. Parte-se do pressuposto que seus poemas configuram num só tecido complexas relações entre literatura e religião, poesia e teologia, poesia e sagrado. A compreensão é a de que na poesia de Manoel de Barros o sagrado está associado às “coisas jogadas fora por motivo de traste”, ao rés do chão e que as coisas ordinárias do cotidiano, bem como pessoas excluídas são expressões por meio das quais a divindade é nomeada e se manifesta. Trata-se de uma singular poesia que tece um dizer poético que voltar o olhar para as coisas humílimas, monumenta o pequeno, sacraliza o chão e conjuga experiência poética com experiência religiosa. A interpretação de figuras e temas referentes às relações entre o humano e o sagrado na obra do poeta é operada por meio de uma hermenêutica interdiscursiva, que se apoia em saberes teológicos e literários. Neste empreendimento teopoético foram úteis as contribuições de Pagán (2011), (Paz (2012/2013), Magalhães (2013), Fiorin (1999), Maingueneau (2007), dentre outros.
A literatura tem lugar neste século?
Authors: Helena Lucia
Published: November 2018

O objetivo deste texto é discutir a relação hoje muito complexa entre a literatura, o mercado e a percepção que o leitor tem de seu papel, caráter e personalidade, uma vez que o burguês comprador pressupõe que o autor, quando célebre, é uma pessoa de domínio público.
Entrevista con Alberto Guerra Naranjo
Authors: Bernardes Erick Da Silva
Published: November 2018

Entrevista con Alberto Guerra Naranjo
Book Reviews
Authors: Fraser Bashabi
Published: November 2018

Book reviews
The Interface between Education and the ‘Rural Uplift Work’: Re-reading Tagore’s Letters, Lectures and Addresses
Authors: Ghosh Joyjit
Published: November 2018

The present paper, by taking cues from Tagore’s letters, lectures and addresses, attempts to explore that he was unconventional in his ideas of education. Nature was the best teacher for Tagore, and he adopted the model of the ‘Ashram’ of the Ancient India for the realisation of his educational ideals. An academic institution, according to Tagore, should not merely impart information to the learners. It should offer elements of culture and opportunities for studying the socio-economic condition of villages around an educational centre. Leonard Elmhirst, the famous agronomist, helped Tagore in establishing ‘Siksha Satra’ at Sriniketan where the former started rural reconstruction. Tagore shared his views of education including the ‘Visva-Bharati ideals’ with Elmhirst. Another leading intellectual who gave original ideas of university education to Tagore was Patrick Geddes. Like Tagore, Geddes also advocated for the service to the community life. Arthur Geddes, the son of Patrick Geddes, to a great extent, fulfilled the poet’s dream of uniting teachers, students and humble village workers in an organic bond of necessity. Tagore’s championing of ‘the rural uplift work’ as a part of education continues to appeal to the Twentieth Century mind.
Jagadis Chandra Bose and the Politics of Science
Authors: Hoene Christin
Published: November 2018

On 6 June 1901, Jagadis Chandra Bose read a paper at the Royal Society in London, entitled ‘On Electric Response of Inorganic Substances’. Bose showed that external stimuli, such as poison or electricity, have a similar effect on living tissue, such as plants or muscle, and inorganic matter, such as iron oxide or tin. Bose recorded response curves for muscle, plant, and metal and was thus able to show parallels between the living and the non-living. This was not only revolutionary, but also unacceptable to parts of his audience. At this talk, Bose encountered two difficulties: firstly, in upsetting traditional disciplinary boundaries between physics and physiology, he, the physicist, undermined the authority of the physiologists who were present. Consequently, they attacked Bose’s findings on the grounds of the second difficulty, namely the common prejudice against Indians according to which the Indian mind, in its pursuit of metaphysic ideals, was unsuited to scientific thoughts and practices. The physiologists thus confounded Bose’s theory of unity between the living and the non-living with a theological bias according to which they believed that Bose could only have arrived at his results because of his predisposition for mysticism rather than by carefully executed experiments. They failed to see that both could be true: for Bose, the intuition to search for a unifying principle between the living and the non-living and the scientific rigour with which he strove to prove it were not mutually exclusive, but, in fact, mutually dependant.
Significance of the environment in the songs of Rabindranath Tagore
Authors: Som Reba
Published: November 2018

Born in a family of fourteen siblings Rabindranath Tagore spent a lot of time alone though not lonely. From his childhood he had been a lover of nature. The large expanse of meadows in Santiniketan, the wide stretches of the river Padma at Shelidah skirted by the murmuring rows of coconut palms made him feel that he was part of a universal oneness. Tagore’s philosophy behind his school in Santiniketan was to enable his students to relate to the environment. With an unorthodox approach to education he encouraged them to walk bare footed to feel the dust under their feet and experience the touch and feel of trees which they could climb. Rabindranath’s model was the forest dwellings of ancient times – the tapoban – which Kalidasa had immortalised in his epic works. Most of Tagore’s Gitanjali songs were composed in Santiniketan and spoke of a deep spiritual presence in nature’s harmony amidst the diverse moods of the seasons. To celebrate the environment Tagore organised several festivals in Santiniketan and composed songs especially for them such as Basant Utsav (for spring), Barsha Mangal (for the monsoons), Sharad Utsav (for autumn) and Ritu Ranga (for all the seasons). He also introduced the colourful festival of tree planting (Briksha ropan) from a Bali dance tradition. Harvest was celebrated with Halakarshan when agricultural fields were symbolically ploughed. In the school song ‘Santiniketan’, students sang of their communion with nature, nurtured by groves and protected by an embracing sky.
Liberating the River: Land and Politics in Tagore’s Plays
Authors: Kar Debamitra
Published: November 2018

In matters of development and progress, it has always been a question of the acquisition of land. As history shows, control over land—extendable to different metaphors—and its resources has been instrumental in the development and destruction of human civilisation. Tagore’s Muktadhara dwells on the principle of identifying how the manipulation of a river-course could change the destiny of two neighbouring states and establish the rule of one man over others. So, in the character of Abhijeet, a typical Tagore-protagonist, one who breaks the dam to put an end to the authoritarian regime, a prototype of modern day environmental activists could be seen. The text goes beyond a mere pantheistic and humanist quest for the freedom of man as Tagore politicises the concept of land into a geopolitical space, and relates it to the imperialist policies and hegemonic propaganda that he experienced personally in his travels across Europe, Japan and America during this time.

From Muktadhara (1922) to Raktakarabi (1924), Tagore seems to continue with this politics of land. If the former text represents the appropriation of nature for political benefit, the latter shows how industrialisation destroys the agricultural base, forces migration, and how these steps would be the only logical progress of the economy that advocates rampant capital accumulation. Interestingly, a play set in a mine uses a theme song about ‘pous’—a month of cultivation and opulence. The essays written by Tagore during this period, like his Introduction to Elmhirst’s ‘The Robbery of the Soil’, also reveal his vision of a sustained and inclusive human development.
A Home in the World: People and Places in Rabindranath Tagore’s Chaturanga
Authors: Mitra Kamalika
Published: November 2018

There is a tendency in literature to poeticise rural settings over their urban counterparts based on the proposition that villages bring human beings closer to nature, whereas cities come between them. Problems born and accentuated in urban environments are often, in fiction and poetry, resolved in a more rural atmosphere. In his 1916 novella Chaturanga, Rabindranath Tagore seems to challenge this popular inclination. The story begins in Calcutta, moves to rural Bengal and then returns to the city. After his uncle, who was also his father-figure, philosopher and guide, dies, Sachish disappears from Calcutta. When his friend and the narrator of the text, Sribilash, finds him two years later in a village, Sachish has joined a so-called mystic named Leelananda Swami. He has also changed unrecognisably. Sribilash is shocked at his transformation and is distrustful of Leelananda Swami, but he cannot abandon his friend, so he too, joins the guru. He too seems to leave behind his old self and becomes engrossed and entranced in a new, unreal world. It is only when he returns to the city that Sribilash seems to come out of his trance and shake off the false skin; he misses or becomes his former hard-working and useful self again. Sachish’s path, however, is irrevocably changed.

In this paper, I wish to examine why and how Tagore, who wrote so many thousands of lines in so many different forms eulogising nature, depicted an apparent divide between nature and human beings in this text: when the men are in the city, they are grounded in reality and engaged in meaningful activity; when they are in the lap of nature, so to speak, they seem to become disoriented escapists. I will also address the importance of the fact that these characters retire froity when they are bereaved and spend their mourning period in the villages, and that their return to Calcutta is closely linked to the appearance of a new love interest in their lives. The paper will explore how, in this particular text, people and places seem to affect each other and what they signify.
Academic Articles
Authors: Fraser Bashabi
Published: November 2018

Academic articles
Ecotourism In and Around Santiniketan: Challenges and Potentialities
Authors: Chandra Sharmila
Published: November 2018

Santiniketan, Tagore’s ‘Abode of Peace’ is located in the western part of the state of West Bengal in India. The place is the site of Visva Bharati, a world renowned residential university as well as a Brahmacharya Asram (hermitage where a vow has been taken by the residents) established by Rabindranath Tagore himself. Santiniketan, in the Birbhum District of West Bengal and its environs provide ample scope for the development of ecotourism. It is a place where ecotourism and rural tourism go hand in hand. The place has an idyllic setting. Around Santiniketan, there exist a number of tribal villages inhabited by the Santhal tribe. Ecotourism combines nature tourism, wilderness tourism and agri-tourism. This form of niche tourism is essentially rural in character. It is a type of Special Interest Tourism that has emerged recently and has evoked concern among social scientists. Of late, ecotourism has become popular in the tribal villages around Santiniketan. A unique natural landscape here is formed by the khoai, a vast, desolate area with lateritic soil and gulley erosion. Resorts have been built in the khoai by private entrepreneurs where tourists flock round the year. Ballavpurdanga, along with some other typical Santhal villages – Boner Pukur Danga, Mouldanga and Phuldanga, bordering the Sonajhuri forest in the khoai, have been brought within the Rural Tourism Scheme under the Endogenous Tourism Project (ETP) introduced by the Government of India in the early years of the 21st century. Tagore was a wayfarer. Although in his times, the concept of ecotourism had not emerged, the Poet was one with nature and one can say that he would have definitely advocated the practice. This paper studies the scope and sustainability of ecotourism in Santiniketan and seeks to find out the benefits it can provide to the host community and to visitors. The paper also attempts to investigate how ecotourism, as a practice, can serve actively in a rural reconstruction programme as envisaged by Tagore.
IN-SERVICE CONDITION ASSESSMENT OF LONG-SPAN BRIDGES BASED ON TRAFFIC LOAD EFFECTS USING MONITORING DATA
Authors: Nie Rui-feng , Huang Yi-jie , Li Song-hui
Published: November 2018

Long span bridges are widely equipped with structural health monitoring (SHM) systems. Using SHM, a wide range of real-time structural responses under ambient loading could be recorded, which provides the basis for bridge load rating and structural performance assessment. During these structural responses, displacement is an important index to represent the bridge in-service condition. In the paper, monitored girder displacements of a cable-stayed bridge are examined to assess the bridge in-service condition. The finite element model of the studied bridge is first updated based on monitored natural frequencies. Realistic influence lines of the bridge could be obtained based on the updated model, which is the baseline for assessment. Then, moving average method and window smoothing method are employed to extract the displacement induced only by traffic loading from that by wind, temperature, and environmental noise. Finally, using the extracted traffic load effects of girder displacements, the characteristic values under various remaining lives are extrapolated through constructing the limit distribution using block maxima based generalized extreme value (GEV) model fitting. Results show the predicted displacements would exceed the design level of the Chinese code after the bridge serves for another 10 years, indicating potential risk. At that time, the management of traffic loads and maintenance of bridge components should be enhanced to ensure the bridge in-service condition.