bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flexural fatigue properties of a polyvinyl alcohol-engineered cementitious composite
Authors: Meng Dan , Lee Chiking , Zhang Yixia
Published: August 2018

The flexural fatigue properties of a recently developed polyvinyl alcohol-engineered cementitious composite (PVA-ECC) using local dune sand were investigated. Fatigue flexural tests were conducted under a four-point bending setup. Normal concrete beams were also tested as a benchmark. To determine the stress range versus fatigue life relationship, five and four stress ranges were applied to the PVA-ECC and the normal concrete specimens, respectively. It was found that, compared with normal concrete specimens, the PVA-ECC specimens showed much superior flexural fatigue performance in terms of fatigue strength and deformation capacity, with a more ductile failure mode. Furthermore, typical fatigue performance indicators of the PVA-ECC specimens, including evolution of the midspan deflection, total crack mouth opening displacement, crack width and crack depth of the critical crack that led to final failure, with number of cycles as well as total dissipated energy, were recorded and compared with those of normal concrete specimens. It was observed that the PVA-ECC specimens tested under a stress range of 3 MPa (32% of the flexural strength) did not fail by fatigue after 5·6 million cycles; subsequent static tests demonstrated that they still had good residual flexural properties, including residual flexural strength, deformation capacity, stiffness and energy absorption capacity.
Chlamydia trachomatis ompA LAMP-AuNP v1
Authors: not provided Naraporn
Published: August 2018

Chlamydia trachomatis STD detection in human endocervical swab and urine samples by loop-mediated isothermal amplification and gold nanoparticle probe (LAMP-AuNP)
Long-term storage of Zymoseptoria tritici on silica gel v1
Authors: Pettway Rodney
Published: August 2018

Preparation ofZymoseptoria tritici long-term storage on silica gel. Rodney Pettway 1992, ed. Petteri Karisto 2018.
Non-protoplast Method for Generating Karyotypes of Zymoseptoria tritici v1
Authors: not provided Martina
Published: August 2018

ed. Petteri Karisto 2018
Light/dark preference test for adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) v2
Authors: Maximino Caio
Published: August 2018

The light/dark test is increasingly being adopted as one of the main behavioral assays in zebrafish neuroscience research. It is based on the innate preference of adult zebrafish for a black vs. a white compartment. Modifications and extensions of the protocol increased its breadth, but also its heterogeneity. The protocol presented here involves confining the animal in a central compartment for a initial 3-min acclimation period, followed by free exploration of an acryllic tank with a black and a white compartment. In addition to observing the spatial distribution of the animal, "ethological" variables (risk assessment, erratic swimming, freezing, thigmotaxis) are also manually scored in the white conpartment; these endpoints are selectively sensitive to drug treatments. The protocol is intended to measure anxiety-like behavior, with anxiogenic effects decreasing time on white and increasing risk assessment and thigmotaxis; some treatments also increase erratic swimming and freezing.
ACQUIRING EUROPEAN IDENTITY: PROS AND CONS FOR UKRAINE
Authors: Kornienko Valery , Denisyuk Svetlana
Published: August 2018

On the background of all world modern processes theoretical studies and practical implementation of the notion «Identity» are definitely critical for globalization of all facets of social life nowadays. European Union is now seen as the most successful implementation of integration and unification of political, juridical, economical, social and cultural life of European states that leads to special, say, European identity.
Research objective. To provide a theoretical approach to creating a forecasting model, i. e.to find out the factors and determine the ways of retaining Ukrainian national identity within European Union (hypothetically considering Ukraine as a member of European Union in the nearest future).
Methodology. Research methodology is based on different approaches and methods which allow us to state the reliability of scientific results. In particular, dialectical method was used as the basis of organic knowledge of science and practice; system, synergetic, sociological methods allowed to consider identity as a holistic phenomenon; historical approach was used to realize the evolution and stages of scientific study of the notion. Also, general scientific methods of research: analysis, synthesis, Abstraction, generalization and so on were applied.
Main conclusions and recommendations for further researches: The research shows that the process of European identity acquisition is complex and has a lot of contingencies. Accordingly, we can state that postnational values and the level of responsibility of EU countries are low for smooth integration of society. Recommendations for future researches: Ukrainian identity analises in the context of European identity; the consequences of European integration for Ukraine; research of the process of gaining supranational identity, initiated by the state and civil society, etc.
THE IMPERIAL REVENGE: PUTIN’S ATTEMPT
Authors: Rozumny Maxim
Published: August 2018

The article is devoted to the strategy of the Russian Federation’s leadership to restore the status of the empire. The prerequisites for such a solution are the economic specialization of the Russian Federation in the system of world economy, the archaic social structure, monopolized power and resources in the hands of the ruling corporation, inertia of the post-Soviet mentality and psychology. The restored imperial model does not include the role of political (civilian) nation as a subject of power, but, on the contrary, it includes a military-administrative apparatus for internal ез пеко and external expansion, and also it needs for loyality of the masses.
Faced to the inevitable crisis of this archaic system of domination, Putin made an outright bet on aggression, dynamics, instincts, selfishness, and thus created an alternative to a trend of Westernization’s globalization.
Russia’s new subjectivity is formed on the basis of aggressive foreign policy, based on internal consolidation and increased using media for propaganda.
An attempt to restore the former status of a superpower stems from the imperial essence of Russian statehood. It is based on the logic of its historical development, objective characteristics of its socio-economic, political, cultural and ideological life. The new Russian leader has become only an instrument of self-reproduction of the imperial mechanism and restoring the traditional identity of Russia, to which the political class and the population of the country returned after unsuccessful attempt of modernization.
Imperial identity requires a permanent mobilization, concentration of all forces on the solution of «historical» tasks. External aggression is an indicator of the ability of the imperial organism. Therefore, the majority of Russians actively supported the imperial revanchist course of their leaders.
The Russian expansion in the first stages did not meet the considerable resistance of the world community, in particular, by the consolidated West. A number of prerequisites existed in world politics has led to this rezulte. The lack of leadership in the modern world has led to an increasing selfishness of major geopolitical players and to the neglecting of international law by them in their intensive competition for resources and priorities. These factors have led to increased conflict and loss of control of the global system as a whole.
If the world returns to the scenario of guided globalization, if the role of international law, international organizations and security structures grows up, if the demonopolization of markets (first of all, energy market) and the liberalization of political regimes becomes true, then Putin’s rate will be a loser. If world chaos in international systems grows, aggression increases, and the trade and industrial cooperation are limited by governments, then a militarized, based on the raw rent Russian empire can get a new historical chance.
Ortaokul 8. Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Öğrenme Stilleri
Authors: ŞEN Özgür
Published: August 2018

Bu araştırma, ortaokul 8. sınıf öğrencilerinin
öğrenme stillerini belirlemek ayrıca öğrenme stilleri ile cinsiyet, matematik
dersi akademik başarısı ve anne-baba eğitim seviyesi arasındaki ilişkiyi
açıklamak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri, 2016-2017 eğitim öğretim
yılı ikinci döneminin başında Ankara ilinde devlet okulunda okuyan 628
öğrencinden alınan veriler doğrultusunda toplanmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan
öğrencilerin seçiminde amaçsal örnekleme yönteminden ölçüt örneklem
kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak Grasha Reichemann Öğrenme Stili
Ölçeği öğrencilerin öğrenme stillerini belirlemek için kullanılmıştır. Veriler,
IBM SPSS Statistics 22 kullanılarak çözümlenmiş ve betimsel analiz, t-Testi, tek
yönlü varyans analiz ANOVA testlerinden faydalanılmıştır. Araştırmanın
bulguları; 8. sınıf öğrencilerinin baskın
öğrenme stillerini katılımcı, bağımsız ve işbirlikli olduğunu göstermektedir.
Ayrıca, öğrenme stilleri ile matematik dersi akademik başarı arasında
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu görülmüştür. Öğrenme stilleri
ile anne eğitim seviyesi arasında (p<.05) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir
farklılık bulurken, baba eğitim seviyesi arasında (p>.01) istatistiksel
olarak anlamlı bir farklılığın olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Türkiye’de 2013 ve 2018 Yılı Fen Bilimleri Dersi Öğretim Programlarının Temel Öğeler Açısından Karşılaştırılması
Authors: DEVECİ İsa
Published: August 2018

Bu araştırmada 2013 ve 2018 Fen Bilimleri Dersi Öğretim
Programları’nın (FBDÖP) temel öğeler (amaç, içerik, öğrenme-öğretme süreci, ölçme-değerlendirme)
açısından karşılaştırması amaçlanmıştır. Karşılaştırmalı eğitim
araştırmalarında sıklıkla yararlanılan yatay yaklaşım tercih edilmiştir. Nitel olarak tasarlanmış bu araştırmada döküman  analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada
döküman olarak 2013 ve 2018 yıllarında yayınlanan FBDÖP’lerden yararlanılmıştır.
Araştırma sonucunda; amaçlar açısından 2018 yılı öğretim programında farklı
olarak girişimcilik becerisi, evrensel ahlak değerleri, milli ve kültürel
değerler, fen, mühendislik ve girişimcilik uygulamaları, muhakeme ve karar
verme becerilerinden bahsedilmiştir. 2013 ve 2018 yılı FBDÖP’ler kazanımlar
açısından incelendiğinde 2018 yılı öğretim programında sayı olarak azalış
olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca bazı kavramlara yönelik kazanımların kaldırıldığı
ve bazı kavramların verilmesinde ise sınıf düzeyinde değişikliğe gidildiği
belirlenmiştir. Öğrenme-öğretme süreci açısından öğrenci rolüne bakıldığında;
2018 yılı öğretim programında; öğrencilerin model ve ürün oluşturması, proje
tasarlaması, ürün tanıtması, kendilerini sözel, görsel ve yazılı olarak ifade
etmesi, problemlere disiplinler arası bakış açısıyla bakmasına vurgu
yapılmıştır. Bu süreçte öğretmenlerden; öğrencilere ürün geliştirebilmeleri,
buluş yapabilmeleri ve üst düzey düşünebilmelerini sağlayacak görevler vermesi,
fen, teknoloji, matematik ve mühendislik disiplinlerini bütünleştirmelerini
sağlaması beklenmiştir. Diğer taraftan strateji, yöntem ve teknikler açısından,
2013 ve 2018 yılı FBDÖP’lerde bir farklılığın olmadığı görülmüştür. Ölçme
değerlendirme anlayışı açısından ise 2018 yılı öğretim programında ölçme ve
değerlendirmeye yönelik herhangi bir yöntem, teknik ya da araçtan bahsedilmediği,
kullanılacak uygun yöntem, teknik ya da araçların öğretmenlerin tercihine
bırakıldığı anlaşılmıştır. Bu sonuçlara bağlı olarak yeni öğretim programlarındaki
farklılıklar konusunda fen bilimleri öğretmenlerinin bilgilendirilmesine
yönelik hizmet içi eğitimlerin düzenlenmesi faydalı olabilir.
Ters Yüz Edilmiş Öğrenme Modelinin Kuramsal Analizi
Authors: HAYIRSEVER Fahriye , ORHAN Ali
Published: August 2018

Bu
çalışmada, ters yüz edilmiş öğrenme modelinin temel özelliklerine, dayandığı
öğrenme- öğretme kuram ve yaklaşımlarına ve öğrenme sürecinde etkili
uygulanabilmesi amacıyla dikkat edilmesi gereken unsurlara ilişkin kuramsal
analizinin yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Ters yüz edilmiş öğrenme modeline ilişkin elde
edilen kuramsal bilgiler, temel başlıklar çerçevesinde ayrıntılı bir şekilde
tartışılmıştır. Bu makale anlatıma dayalı bir derleme makalesidir. Çalışma
kapsamında elde edilen bulgular şu şekilde özetlenebilir. Öğrenme
ortamlarını olumlu etkileyen, eğitim teknolojisi ve yüz yüze etkinlikler ile
kolaylaştırılan yeni bir öğrenme modeli olarak tanımlanan ters yüz edilmiş
öğrenme modeli harmanlanmış öğrenme modellerinden biridir. Ters yüz edilmiş
öğrenme modelinde öğrenci temel düzeydeki bilgiye sınıf dışında ulaşır, sınıf
içi zamanı ise tartışma, uygulama ve problem çözme gibi üst düzey becerilerle
geçirir. Özerk benlik kuramı, bilişsel yük kuramı, öz düzenlemeli öğrenme,
yapılandırmacılık ve aktif öğrenme gibi öğrenme-öğretme kuram ve yaklaşımlarını
temel alan ters yüz edilmiş öğrenme modelinin geleneksel öğrenme modeline karşı
birçok üstün yanı vardır. Geleneksel öğrenme modelinde yeni içeriğin öğrenciye
sunulması ile geçen süre, ters yüz edilmiş öğrenme modelinde üst düzey düşünme
becerilerinin geliştirilmesini hedefleyen bağımsız uygulama etkinlikleri ile
değerlendirilmektedir. Ayrıca ters yüz edilmiş öğrenme modelinin öğrenci
başarısı, motivasyonu, tutumu ve üst düzey beceriler üzerinde olumlu etkisi
olduğu sonucuna ulaşan birçok çalışma alanyazında mevcuttur. Ters yüz edilmiş
öğrenme modelinin daha çok araştırmaya konu olması, uygulama örneklerinin
arttırılması ve yaygınlaştırılması gerekmektedir.
Overuse Injuries in Youth Sports: Legal and Social Responsibility
Authors: Friesen Phoebe , Saul Bethany , Kearns Lisa , Bachynski Kathleen , Caplan Arthur
Published: August 2018

Youth sports-related injuries represent a major public health challenge, and overuse injuries, which result from repetitive microtrauma and insufficient rest, are a particular and growing concern. Overuse injuries are increasingly prevalent within youth sports, can lead to lifelong disabilities, and are almost entirely preventable. We explore the question of whether parents, who have been shown to significantly influence their children’s sports experiences and behaviors, can be held responsible for overuse injuries. We also discuss the role of other actors, including medical practitioners and coaches, and the duties that they may have to prevent such injuries to child athletes. We argue that, in many cases, contributions to overuse injuries are the result of non-culpable ignorance, and that a better way to help prevent overuse injuries may be to enact policies that educate parents, as well as schools, coaches, and organizations, about overuse injuries.
Use of cervical length, measured by transvaginal sonography at 22 to 26 weeks, as a predictor of preterm labour in twin pregnancy
Authors: Saini Ricky , Yadav Reena , Pathak B.
Published: August 2018

Background: Preterm labour and delivery contributes significantly to perinatal morbidity and mortality in twin gestation. Measurement of cervical length during antenatal period and subsequent follow up may identify women at risk for preterm labour.  The purpose of this study was to determine if measurement of cervical length at 22 to 26 weeks can be used as a predictor of preterm labour in twin pregnancy.Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in 50 women with twin gestation in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Cervical length was measured using transvaginal sonography and repeated every four weeks till delivery. Cervical length of ≤30 mm was taken as short cervix and delivery before 37 weeks was taken as preterm delivery.Results: Total of 18 out of 50 women (36%) delivered between 32 to 34 weeks, 14 out of 50 (28%) delivered between 34 to 37 weeks, 7 out of 50 (14%) delivered at less than 32 weeks. Therefore, total preterm deliveries at less than 37 weeks were 78%. Total 11 out of 50 (22%) delivered at term i.e. at more than 37weeks. In women, who had short cervical length (≤ 30 mm) at the time of presentation, 14 out of 37 (38 %) delivered between 30 to 34 weeks, 12 out of 37 (32 %) women delivered between 34 to 37 weeks, 5 out of 37 (14%) delivered at ≤ 30 weeks. Rest 6 out of 37 (16 %) delivered after 37 weeks.Conclusions: Short cervical length of ≤30 mm on transvaginal sonography at 22-26 weeks of gestation in twin pregnancy may be used as a screening tool in prediction of preterm labour in asymptomatic twin pregnancy.
Prospective study of large uterine fibroids encountered during laparotomy and hysterectomy and their management
Authors: Nalini Y. Lakshmi , Chandra A. Sarath , Akshitha M.
Published: August 2018

Background: Study of large fibroids is necessary to throw light on complications associated with them. This helps the surgeon to safeguard patients from anticipated complications during surgery. The objective is to study the clinical features, complications and outcome of large uterine fibroids.Methods: A hospital based prospective study was carried out among 32 eligible patients undergoing laparotomy hysterectomy at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology from October 2015 to June 2018. Age groups, clinical features, complications and outcome of surgery were recorded. Data was analyzed using proportions.Results: Majority of the study subjects were in the age group of 25-35 years. The most common presenting symptom of large size fibroid uterus was abnormal uterine bleeding followed by pain abdomen in 18.8% of the cases. Majority of the women had fibroid size of 16-20 weeks in 62.5% of the cases followed by size of the 20-26 weeks in 31.3% of the cases. Only two women had very large size of 26-28 weeks in 6.3% of the cases. Only three patients had intra operative complications (9.4%). Among them two (6.3%) had injury to the urinary bladder and only one had injury to the ureters. 90.6% of the cases had no intra operative complications. All cases had complete symptomatic relief. Thus the successful outcome was seen in 100% of the cases.Conclusions: Large uterine fibroids can end up with urological complications more than smaller fibroids. Among these bladder and ureteric complications are important. Malignant degeneration is rare. Other complications include infection and wound dehiscence.
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding: ormeloxifene versus combined oral contraceptive pills
Authors: Luthra Sonia , Dwivedi A. D.
Published: August 2018

Background: Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is abnormal bleeding that occurs in the absence of recognizable pelvic pathology, general medical disease, or pregnancy.  Globally, health care systems are focusing on low morbidity and low cost therapeutic interventions. Hence, medical treatment for DUB is high on the priority list. This comparative study was conducted to analyse the efficacy of ormeloxifene and combined oral contraceptive pills in reducing the blood loss and endometrial thickness in cases of DUB.Methods: This prospective study was conducted on women with dysfunctional uterine bleeding, who attended Gynaecology OPD at Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, between August 2015 and April 2016. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 72 women diagnosed with DUB were enrolled randomly in two groups A and B. Group A was treated by Ormeloxifene and Group B patients were treated with combined oral contraceptive pills for three consecutive cycles. The efficacies of the studied drugs were compared by analyzing the mean change in the pre and post treatment PBAC score, haemoglobin level and endometrial thickness using unpaired t-test.Results: Ormeloxifene was found to be significantly more effective (p <0.0001) than OCPs in controlling the menstrual blood loss (79% reduction in group A Vs 55.5% reduction in group B). Reduction in endometrial thickness was also more in the group receiving Ormrloxifene, however this was statistically not significant (p = 0.19). No major side effect observed with the use of Ormeloxifene.Conclusions: Ormeloxifene can be an effective and safe therapy in the treatment of Dysfunctional uterine bleeding.
Use of MTP kit (Mifepristone and Misoprostol combination pack) for 1st trimester MTP (up to 63 days) at GMERS Dharpur, Patan, Gujarat, India
Authors: Jani Parul S.
Published: August 2018

Background: MTP has been legalized in India since 1971. MTP pill (Medical abortion) refers for early pregnancy termination (usually before 9 week gestation) performed without any primary surgical interventions. This study was called out to measure its effectiveness and safety as an abortificiant drug.Methods: This is a prospective study of 57 cases, conducted at OBSTETRIC and GYNECOLOGY Department, GMERS Medical College, Dharpur, Patan (N.G.) from April 2017 to April 2018.Results: In present study,61.4% women are of 20-30 years of age. Majority of women are (82.5%) of 2nd and 3rd para. Complete abortion was found in 91.2%. Incomplete abortion was in 7%. And there was no effect in 1.8%. Major side effects were bleeding (84.2%), abdominal pain (85.9%). Misoprostol related side effects are minimal.Conclusions: The present observational study demonstrates that mifepristone and misoprostol combined therapy is an effective and well tolerated medication in Indian adult women (≥18 years) requiring medical termination of intrauterine pregnancy (MTP) up to 63 days’ gestation.
Comparison of near miss obstetric events and maternal deaths in a tertiary care teaching hospital from Eastern India
Authors: Naik Sushree Samiksha , Ghosh Subhra
Published: August 2018

Background: Obstetrics near miss is an important indicator that reflects the quality of obstetrics care in a health facility. Timely audit of the obstetrics near miss data would help in reducing maternal mortality.Methods: A retrospective chart review of the maternal near miss (MNM) and death based on WHO 2009 criteria was carried out in a tertiary care teaching hospital from Eastern India over 12 months. Main outcome measures were severe acute maternal morbidity (MNM) and maternal deaths.Results: During the study period, there were 9204 deliveries, 116 near miss cases, and 69 maternal deaths. The MNM incidence ratio was 13.75/1000 live births, MNM to mortality ratio was 1.68:1, and mortality index was 37.3%. A total of 126 cases were referred, while 5 cases were booked at our hospital. Hypertensive disorders accounted for the highest number of near miss cases (40.5%), followed by sepsis (31%), haemorrhage (18%), and dystocia (10%). The mortality index was 36.58%, 33.33%, 19.23%, and 07.6% for hypertensive disorders, sepsis, haemorrhage, and dystocia, respectively.  Most common causes of maternal deaths were hypertensive disorders, followed by systemic infections, HELLP syndrome, embolism, haemorrhage, malaria, and ruptured uterus. On bivariate analysis, there was an increased risk of maternal death in those illiterate, incomplete antenatal check-up (<3), multipara, preterm pregnancy, and home delivery.Conclusions: Hemorrhage and hypertensive disorders are the leading causes of MNM events and mortality. Early identification, remedial measures, and timely treatment would help to decrease the burden of maternal near miss and mortality.
Comparative study of oral iron (ferrous sulphate) versus intravenous (iron sucrose) therapy in treating iron deficiency anaemia in puerperium
Authors: Vishwakarma Soniya , Rawat Rajani , Dwivedi Pragati , Kanti Vaibhav
Published: August 2018

Background: Iron deficiency anaemia is one of the major morbidities during post-partum period. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy, safety and compliance of intravenous iron sucrose complex with oral Iron therapy in treatment of postpartum anemia.Methods: 100 postpartum anaemic patients randomized into two groups. In Group I oral iron ferrous sulphate tablets twice daily and in group II 200 mg of iron sucrose on every alternate day up to total calculated dose for 6 weeks. Hemoglobin and serum ferritin were measured on day 0, 2 week and 6 weeks. The side effects in both groups were noted.Results: Majority of patients are multiparous, illiterate and belonged to low socioeconomic. Mean baseline hemoglobin in oral group (Group I) was 7.90±0.905 gm /dl and in i/v group (Group II) was 7.81±0.849 gm /dl. There was significant rise in hemoglobin and hematocrit in both groups after 2 weeks and 6 weeks. However, efficiency of iron sucrose was greater in between the groups (p value=0.0000). There was a rise in serum ferritin to 58.35±14.537μg/L from 8.30±1,461μg/L after 6 weeks in intravenous group with shorter duration of treatment indicating a high efficacy (p<0.001). Intravenous iron sucrose did not result in any serious adverse reactions.Conclusions: This study illustrates clearly that intravenous iron sucrose complex is safe, convenient and effective in postpartum anemic women as compared with oral ferrous sulphate.
Myths and misconceptions regarding contraception in the urban poor community in Jamshedpur, India
Authors: Tiwari Pushpa
Published: August 2018

Background: Family planning, a basic human right endorsed by the United Nations, allows everyone to decide the number, spacing and timing of their children. This leads to fewer complications related to pregnancy and childbirth, improves overall health. Despite the obvious benefits, because of deeply rooted myths and misconceptions, they do not access these services.Methods: Study was conducted in 10 Maternal and Child Health centers run by Tata Steel Family Initiatives Foundation in and around Jamshedpur in Jharkhand, India. The study is based on primary quantitative data. Data collection was by interviewing the respondents using a questionnaire.Results: A total of 500 respondents were interviewed. Out of 500 respondents 392 were women and 108 were men. The concept of family planning was well known. 99% women while 100% men had heard about family planning. Only 49 % women and 45% men had correct knowledge regarding spacing between two children. 78% women and men had correct knowledge about dual benefits of condom use. 63% women and 64% men feel that Cu T causes backache and pain abdomen, hence they avoid using it. 54% women and 51% men do not like OCP as a method of family planning as it is difficult to take it daily. Around 45% women and men were afraid regarding Tubectomy/ LTT. More women (41%) than men (38%) think that NSV causes weakness. Again, more women (36%) than men (34%) think that NSV decrease capacity to do heavy work.Conclusions: Results are showing that only knowledge about contraception is not enough to increase usage. Behaviour change communication activities are needed to provide accurate information to dispel common myths and misconceptions about modern contraceptives.
Fetomaternal outcome in women with heart disease in urban population in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Sharma Preeti , Malik Renuka
Published: August 2018

Background: Heart disease in pregnancy is still a major problem worldwide, particularly in low resource country like India. Its reported incidence varies between 0.1 to 4%. Heart disease complicates 1% to 3% of all pregnancies and is responsible for 10% to 15% of maternal mortality. In India, the rheumatic heart disease (RHD) contributes to approximately 70% of heart disease seen in pregnancy. Heart disease in pregnancy is associated with adverse fetomaternal outcome and has re-emerged as one of the leading causes of maternal mortality. The maternal mortality rate in women with cardiac disease is 7% and morbidity is 30% during pregnancy in India.Methods: This study was a prospective observational study conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology at PGIMER & Dr. RML hospital from Nov 2015 to March 2017. 35 Pregnant women with heart disease were taken as study group and 35 low risk pregnant patients were taken as control. Multiple pregnancy and any other medical disorder like GDM, PIH, IHCP and thyroid disorders were excluded from study. Fetomaternal outcome in terms of POG at delivery, mode of delivery, prematurity, LBW, NICU admission and maternal and neonatal mortality were compared between these two groups.Results: Vaginal delivery is still the common mode of delivery. Preterm delivery, prematurity, ICU admission, low birth weight is more common in pregnancy with heart disease than in normal pregnancy.Conclusions: Although maternal mortality and fetal mortality is reduced, pregnancy with heart disease still carries substantial risk to mother and child.
Maternal and fetal outcome of pregnancy complicated by convulsions
Authors: Fonseca Michelle , Joshi Aditi
Published: August 2018

Background: Convulsions in pregnancy pose serious morbidity and mortality to both mother and the fetus. Eclampsia being the most common cause. However, many medical disorders like epilepsy, cerebral malaria, meningitis, metabolic disorders etc can result in convulsions in pregnancy. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of various aetiologies leading to convulsions and to assess how the various demographic-clinical characteristics affect the maternal as well as fetal outcome in patients with eclampsia as compared to those with convulsions other than eclampsia.Methods: This was an observational study conducted over a period of one and a half year at a tertiary institute in India. A total of 56 patients were studied in this duration. The primary objective was to determine the prevalence of the aetiologies causing convulsion as well as the maternal and fetal outcome of the pregnancy complicated by convulsions. The data regarding age, parity, mode of delivery, gestational age at birth, risk factors was obtained by a predesigned proforma.Results: A total of 56 patients were included in the study after screening 18,840 patients in the hospital. Hence the estimated prevalence of convulsions in pregnancy was 1:336 in this hospital. The most common aetiology noted was Eclampsia (69.6%) followed by epilepsy (16.1%).  Others included Cerebral Malaria (3.6%), Hypocalcemia (3.6%), Neurocysticerosis (2%), Hypokalemia (1.8%) and Hypoglycemia (1.8%). Maternal case fatality rate was 3.6%. Total perinatal mortality was 14.2% of which 6 (10.7 %) were still birth.Conclusions: Eclampsia is a major cause of convulsions in pregnancy and considered to be the diagnosis unless proved otherwise. However other causes of convulsions should not be ignored. A thorough evaluation of the patient which lays a major emphasis on a detailed history taking and examination, form the crux of diagnosing the cause of convulsions and can expediate a timely and accurate treatment.
Placental changes in hypertensive pregnancy: a comparison with normotensive pregnancy
Authors: Chhatwal Jashan , Chaudhary Dev Nanda , Chauhan Neena
Published: August 2018

Background: Hypertensive pregnancy may be responsible for vascular damage, enhanced systemic inflammation and insulin resistance in the placenta as oxygen and nutrient transfer is impaired and oxidative stress is generated affecting the placental growth and development. Placental growth pattern in hypertensive pregnancies shows a variable pattern owing to placental insufficiency. Present study was done to investigate the morphological and histological changes in placenta in hypertensive pregnancy.Methods: A total of 42 pregnant women with hypertensive disorder with gestational age 28-42 weeks and singleton pregnancy were enrolled as cases in the study. A total of 42 matched normotensive pregnant women were enrolled as controls. All the women were followed up till delivery. At delivery, placental specimen were collected and assessed for morphological, morphometric and histological changes. Findings were compared with normotensives. Data was compared using Independent sample’s ‘t’-test and Chi-square test.Results: Mean age of cases was 27.60±4.37 years, majority were gravida 1/2 (66.7%), 45.2% had moderate to severe edema, 50% had urinary albumin levels >100 mg/dl. A total of 8 (19.0%) had gestational hypertension, 16 (38.1%) had preeclampsia, 10 (23.8%) had severe preeclampsia and 8 (19.0%) had eclampsia. Mean placental weight and diameter of cases was significantly higher than that of control group. Mean placental thickness was also higher but difference was not significant statistically. Calcification, infarction and hematoma were seen in 45.2%, 16.7% and 11.9% of cases as compared to 28.6%, 4.97% and 0% of controls. Histologically, syncytial knots, cytotrophoblastic cellular proliferation, hyalinized area, proliferation of medium sized blood vessels, stromal fibrosis and fibrinoid necrosis in significantly higher proportion of cass as compared to controls (p<0.05). Mean fetoplacental ratio was 5.01±0.99 and 5.24±0.61 in controls (p=0.195).Conclusions: Hypertension during pregnancy affects the placental growth and development.
Maternal and foetal outcome in patients of gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Priyanka Priyanka
Published: August 2018

Background: Indian women have high Prevalence of diabetes and their relative risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is 11.3 times compared to white women. The metabolic adaptations during pregnancy are designed to maintain a continuous availability of substrate to accommodate the fetal growth. Aims of present study were the antenatal screening of Gestational diabetes mellitus and its pregnancy outcome.Methods: The present study is a type of prospective study in this study 6000 pregnant women were randomly selected for screening irrespective of gestational age and any of the risk factor. All consenting pregnant, who came for first absolute neutrophil count in outpatient department, pregnant women of any parity, and singleton pregnancies were included.Results: Out of 6000 women screened 200 were found positive for GDM. The study indicated that GDM was 3.33%. The incidence of GDM was found to be more in women > 25 years age. Fetal outcome was satisfactory in well controlled GDM, only 7 babies were macrosomic, 13 intrauterine death and 5 still birth, 10 babies required NICU admission for hypoglycemia, respiratory distress syndrome, septicemia.Conclusions: Fetal outcome was satisfactory in well controlled GDM. There was no neonatal mortality. Hence, GDM and its complications are preventable.
Pregnancy in a uterine anomaly: a case report
Authors: Khairuddin Siti Nur Dina Ahmad , Mohamed Iza Emilia Ibrahim , Ramli Roziana
Published: August 2018

Pregnancy in rudimentary horn of the uterus is a rare clinical condition and often misdiagnosed as tubal, cornual, abdominal and even intrauterine pregnancy. Surgical excision of the horn is the definitive treatment for this condition. A healthy primigravida at 11 weeks gestation with underlying corrected Tetralogy of Fallot was seen with ultrasound findings suggestive of ectopic pregnancy. She underwent laparotomy and intraoperative finding was unruptured right non-communicating rudimentary horn pregnancy which was surgically excised. This case highlights the importance of having this rare diagnosis as one of the differential diagnosis for ectopic pregnancy.
An unusual presentation of huge paraovarian cyst as papillary serous cyst adenofibroma: a rare case report
Authors: Agrawal Namita , Gupta Nishi , Chandra Sukriti , Gupta Shubha , Fayyaz S.
Published: August 2018

Paraovarian cysts constitute 10-20% of all adnexal masses and are usually less than two centimeter in diameter. Authors reported a 20-year-old unmarried female with vague abdominal discomfort since 1 year. On examination abdomen was uniformly distended with central position of umbilicus. Ultrasonography showed a large cystic mass extending from pelvis to pancreas likely of ovarian origin. Biochemical evaluation was not suggestive of malignant nature of this cystic mass. So, with due care of cosmesis, surgery was planned. After the midline vertical incision, peritoneal washings were collected for oicytological analysis to further exclude malignancy. Then 5mm cannula with trocar was inserted into the cyst to suck out the fluid then shrunken cystic wall was exteriorised. Right ovary was absolutely healthy. Enucleation of the cyst was done with preservation of ovary. Histopathology reported as a papillary serous cyst adenofibroma. Follow up period was uneventful.
Pregnancy with portal hypertension: a case report
Authors: Dhingra Mansi , Ahmad Syed Nawaz
Published: August 2018

Even though pregnancy is rare with cirrhosis and advanced liver disease, it may co-exist in the setting of non- cirrhotic portal hypertension as liver function is preserved. When encountered together it presents a complex clinical dilemma. Physiological hemodynamic changes associated with pregnancy, needed for meeting demands of the growing fetus, worsen the portal hypertension thereby putting mother at risk of potentially life-threatening complications like variceal hemorrhage. Pregnancy also predisposes the patient to develop hepatic decompensation. Thus, management of such cases requires multidisciplinary approach involving obstetricians experienced in dealing with high risk cases, hepatologists, anesthetists and neonatologists. Here through the case report of a 23 year old primigravida with Non Cirrhotic portal hypertension with 33 weeks gestational age in preterm labor we intend to focus upon different aspects of pregnancy with portal hypertension, its complications and management strategies.
A study on rate pressure product in south Indian pregnant women with anaemia
Authors: Venugopal Lalitha , Rajendran Priyadharsini , V. Parghavi
Published: August 2018

Background: Anaemia is a cause of serious concern and contributes to a significantly higher maternal mortality. Rate Pressure Product (RPP) is a major determinant of myocardial oxygen consumption and blood flow. There is an increase in oxygen demand in anemia. Thus, in the present study, we have compared the difference in RPP between a normal pregnant women and pregnant women with anemia.Methods: A total of 180 pregnant women (normal pregnant woman - 90 and pregnant woman with anaemia - 90) belonging to different trimesters of pregnancy were included in the study. Age, height, and weight were recorded, and their body mass index was calculated. The systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate was recorded and RPP was calculated.Results: There was a significant increase in RPP in pregnant woman with anaemia in all three trimesters of pregnancy, but the significant increase was more in the third trimester.Conclusions: The present study shows that there is an increase in RPP in pregnant woman with anaemia and they are more prone to hemodynamic stress and cardiovascular risks, especially in their third trimester of pregnancy. This hemodynamic change may be taken into account to prevent the cardiovascular complications associated with anemia in pregnancy. Thus, RPP can be used as a sensitive non-invasive simple marker for early diagnosis of cardiovascular disease in pregnant woman.
Clinical profile of rheumatic patients with infectious complications
Authors: Gawali Pandharinath S. , Gawali Umesh P.
Published: August 2018

Background: The objective of the present research was to study clinical profile of rheumatic patients having infections including correlation of infection with different parameters and DMARDS and to study incidence pattern of various infections.Methods: All patients of various Rheumatic diseases with infections who fulfil inclusion criteria who were enrolled in this study. Duration of study was six months. A total of 300 patients where studied out of which 50 were cases and the rest were control.Results: Incidence of infection was high in extremes of age. Overall incidence of infection was slightly higher in females. Infection rate was 16.66%. Incidence of infection was highest among vasculitis group. Kidney was the most common organ involved. Incidence of infection was more in patients having anemia and leukopenia. Tuberculosis was the most common infection found in Rheumatic patients.Conclusions: Infection was more common at extremes of age and more common in females. SLE was most common disease encountered while kidney was most common organ to get involve in disease process. Patients with anemia and leukopenia had statistically significant incidence of infections. Tuberculosis is most common infection encountered in Indian rheumatic patients.
Drug eruptions and hepatic involvement: a study
Authors: Manne Vimala , Pinjala Padmaja
Published: August 2018

Background: Assessment by liver biopsy remains the gold standard in defining drug induced liver disease. Liver biopsy is an invasive procedure. Hence, a technique that is simpler is required to detect drug induced liver dysfunction. The profile of liver function tests (LFT) abnormalities, provides an initial guide to the clinical syndrome of drug induced hepatotoxicity. This study attempts to draw a possible correlation as well as to derive insight into the involvement of liver in drug eruptions through simple liver function tests.

Methods: 112 cases of patients with drug rash whom we have a tendency to saw within the department of medicine as out-patients and in-patients since 2015 to 2018 in Osmania General Hospital, Katuri Medical College and Hospital and Dr. V. R. K Women’s Medical College, Teaching Hospital and Research Centre were enclosed during this study. Total number of cutaneous drug rash cases enrolled: 83 Total number of drug rash cases with Liver Function Test abnormalities: 17.

Results: Out of 83 patients of drag rash 20% (17) had liver function test abnormalities while 80% (66) had normal hepatic function. Out of 17 drug rash cases with liver function test abnormalities 35% (6) were between 4-14 years of age group. Out of 17 drug rash cases with liver function test abnormalities 70.6% (12) were males and 29.4% (5) were females.

Conclusions: To conclude, a sound knowledge of morphological patterns of drug rashes with hepatic involvement, drugs implicated in causing drug rashes and hepatic dysfunction and an easy detection of impending danger by the simple biochemical tests (liver function tests) can evert a major crisis and thus help the clinicians to better manage their cases.
Studies on stability of emulsions containing carotenoids
Authors: Igielska-Kalwat Joanna
Published: August 2018

Emulsions are commonly used to improve aesthetics but they may also be applied to deliver active ingredients. Recently, group of pigments known as carotenoids, have been added to emulsions as an active compounds mainly due to their antioxidant properties. The stability of these formulations is a critical parameter for both pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry. Therefore, in this study analytical methods, multiple light scattering and laser diffraction, were tested to determine the stability of various emulsions containing carotenoids (β-carotene, lycopene, astaxanthin). Even small changes in stability of emulsions were determined very early. The results of both methods proved that the type of carotenoid used did not influence the emulsions stability. The stability of emulsions depends mainly on the preparation methods and on the type of applied emulsifier.
Preparation and Characterization of Spray-Dried Inhalable Powders Containing Polymeric Micelles for Pulmonary Delivery of Paclitaxel in Lung Cancer
Authors: Rezazadeh Mahboubeh , Davatsaz Zahra , Emami Jaber , Hasanzadeh Farshid , Jahanian-Najafabadi Ali
Published: August 2018

Purpose: Local delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to the lungs offers many advantages for lung cancer treatment compared to conventional systemic chemotherapy. In the present study, novel mixed polymeric micelles based on tocopheryl succinate-polyethylene glycol 1000 and 5000 Da (TPGS1K and TPGS5K) were synthesized and loaded with paclitaxel (PTX). Then, the optimized micelles were incorporated as colloidal drug delivery system into lactose carrier particles using a spray drying technique. Methods: The mixed micelles of TPGS5K and TPGS1K in different molar ratios (10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, 0:10) were prepared and physicochemical properties including: particle size, zeta potential, critical micelle concentration (CMC), drug loading, drug release rate, and in vitro cytotoxicitywere investigated in details. The optimized nanoparticles were co-spray dried with lactose carriers to produce the spherical particle morphology of the inhalable particles. Results: Particle sizes and zeta potentials of the different formulations varied in the range of 102 to 196 nm and -9.4 to -13.8 mV, respectively. The lowest CMC values were calculated for 5:5 and 7:3 combinations (16.33 and 17.89 µM, respectively). The drug release rate from different formulations were very slow and only 30% of the drug was released during 72 h. Cytotoxicity assay demonstrated increased cytotoxic activity of PTX-loaded mixed micelles compared to the free drug. The in vitro deposition data indicated that spray drying of PTX-loaded micelles with lactose resulted in the production of inhalable powders with the high fine particle fraction (60%). Conclusion: These results demonstrate that this novel PTX-loaded micelles embedded in dry powder inhalation aerosol platform has a great potential to be used in lung cancer treatment.
Análise do tipo, grau de novidade e dimensões da inovação: estudo de caso em uma vinícola localizada na Serra Gaúcha – Brasil
Authors: Welchen Vandoir , Olea Pelayo Munhoz , Ganzer Paula Patrícia , Chais Cassiane , Radaelli Adrieli Alves Pereira , Mukendi Joel Tshibamba
Published: August 2018

Resumo: A inovação apresenta-se nas organizações na implantação de um produto, método de produção, marketing ou organizacional, novo ou significativamente melhorado, na empresa, em seu mercado ou no mundo, gerando competitividade. Com esta pesquisa teve-se como objetivo identificar inovações em uma empresa do ramo vitivinícola da Serra Gaúcha, entre 2005 e 2015. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, por meio do estudo de caso único, exploratório, com entrevistas individuais em profundidade com o Diretor e o Enólogo da Vinícola. A análise de conteúdo foi baseada em Bardin (2009); foi utilizado o software NVivo 11® e realizada uma codificação a priori com base no referencial teórico. Na análise de conteúdo das entrevistas identificou-se que a Vinícola implementou 26 inovações, nas dimensões e nos tipos e graus de novidade. Constatou-se que as inovações apresentadas são resultado do trabalho familiar, com foco na qualidade, desenvolvendo vinhos finos de excelência.Palavras-chave: Inovação. Manual de Oslo. Vinícola. Serra Gaúcha. Analysis of the type, new degree and dimensions of innovation: a case study in a Winery located in the Serra Gaúcha – Brazil  Abstract: Innovation presents itself in organizations in the process of a product implantation, method of production, marketing or organizational, launched or significantly improved, in the company, in its market or in the world, engendering competitiveness. The research had the objective of identifying innovations in a winery company in the Serra Gaúcha between 2005 and 2015. A qualitative research was conducted through a single, exploratory case study, through in-depth individual interviews with the Wine Director and Winemaker. For the content analysis, the software NVivo 11® was used and a priori codification was carried out based on the theoretical reference After analyzing the content of the interviews, it was identified the Winery implemented 26 innovations, in the dimensions, in the types and degrees of novelty. According to the interviewees, the innovations are results of the family work, focusing on developing the quality and excellence of fine wines.Keywords: Innovation. Oslo Manual. Winery. Serra Gaúcha.