bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Common Network Architecture Efficiently Implements a Variety of Sparsity-Based Inference Problems
Authors: Charles Adam S. , Garrigues Pierre , Rozell Christopher J.
Published: September 2012

The sparse coding hypothesis has generated significant interest in the computational and theoretical neuroscience communities, but there remain open questions about the exact quantitative form of the sparsity penalty and the implementation of such a coding rule in neurally plausible architectures. The main contribution of this work is to show that a wide variety of sparsity-based probabilistic inference problems proposed in the signal processing and statistics literatures can be implemented exactly in the common network architecture known as the locally competitive algorithm (LCA). Among the cost functions we examine are approximate [Formula: see text] norms ([Formula: see text]), modified [Formula: see text]-norms, block-[Formula: see text] norms, and reweighted algorithms. Of particular interest is that we show significantly increased performance in reweighted [Formula: see text] algorithms by inferring all parameters jointly in a dynamical system rather than using an iterative approach native to digital computational architectures.
Tuning Low-Voltage-Activated A-Current for Silent Gain Modulation
Authors: Patel Ameera X. , Murphy Naomi , Burdakov Denis
Published: September 2012

Modulation of stimulus-response gain and stability of spontaneous (unstimulated) firing are both important for neural computation. However, biologically plausible mechanisms that allow these distinct functional capabilities to coexist in the same neuron are poorly defined. Low-threshold, inactivating (A-type) K+ currents (IA) are found in many biological neurons and are historically known for enabling low-frequency firing. By performing simulations using a conductance-based model neuron, here we show that biologically plausible shifts in IA conductance and inactivation kinetics produce dissociated effects on gain and intrinsic firing. This enables IA to regulate gain without major changes in intrinsic firing rate. Tuning IA properties may thus represent a previously unsuspected single-current mechanism of silent gain control in neurons.
Convective-Scale Variations in the Inner-Core Rainbands of a Tropical Cyclone
Authors: Didlake Anthony C. , Houze Robert A.
Published: September 2012

Airborne Doppler radar documented a variety of convective-scale structures within the inner-core rainbands of Hurricane Rita (2005). As predicted by past studies, wind shear determined azimuthal variations in the convection. All convective-scale circulations had radial inflow at low levels, upward motion, and outflow in the midtroposphere. Convective cells at smaller radii contained a low-level tangential jet determined largely by tangential acceleration due to angular momentum conservation (uυ/r term), while cells at larger radii contained a low-level and/or midlevel jet determined jointly by the uυ/r and vertical advection terms. The outflow was at a higher (lower) altitude for the outer (inner) cells.

Radial variations in the convective cells are attributable to differences in buoyancy and vertical shear of the radial wind (∂u/∂z). More buoyant updrafts at larger radii enhance vertical advection of υ, creating local tangential jets at midlevels. At smaller radii the stronger low-level radial inflow contributes to a greater ∂u/∂z, confining convectively generated jets to low levels. The low-level tangential jet and convectively generated pressure gradients produce outward-pointing supergradient acceleration that decelerates the boundary layer inflow. Consequently, this supergradient flow will enhance convergence and convection at the radius of inner rainband cells, increasing the likelihood of secondary eyewall formation. It is hypothesized that a critical zone for secondary eyewall formation exists where sufficiently high ∂u/∂z consistently constrains the altitudes of convectively generated supergradient flow so that convection in this radial zone leads to a newly developed eyewall. Once an incipient secondary eyewall forms at a certain radius, subsidence occurring along its inner edge separates it from the primary eyewall.
Home Safety Practices in an Urban Low-Income Population
Authors: Lee Lois K. , Walia Taranjeev , Forbes Peter W. , Osganian Stavroula K. , Samuels Ronald , Cox Joanne E. , Mooney David P.
Published: September 2012

Home-related injuries are overrepresented in children from low-income households. The objectives of this study were to determine frequencies of home safety behaviors and the level of agreement between parental self-report and observed safety practices in low-income homes. In a prospective, interventional home injury prevention study of 49 low-income families with children <5 years old, a trained home visitor administered baseline parental home safety behavior questionnaires and assessments. There was high agreement between caregiver self-report and home visitor observation for lack of cabinet latch (99%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 88%-99%) and stair gate use (100%, 95% CI = 88-100%). There was lower agreement for the safe storage of cleaning supplies (62%, 95% CI = 46%-75%), sharps (74%, 95% CI = 59%-85%), and medicines/vitamins (83%, 95% CI = 69%-92%) because of the overreporting of safe practices. Self-reports of some home safety behaviors are relatively accurate, but certain practices may need to be verified by direct assessment.
Gender balance in the governance of social enterprise
Authors: Lyon Fergus , Humbert Anne Laure
Published: September 2012

There are high expectations placed on social enterprises as alternative forms shaping local economies. However, little is known about how they are governed and their accountability to their local communities. The gender balance of their governing boards and representation of women is therefore an important issue. This article makes a contribution to examining the claims of greater equality proposed by social enterprises. The results draw on an analysis of a survey of 825 social enterprises and show there is a more equal gender balance in social enterprise governance compared to the private sector. The survey also finds that women are still under-represented on boards when considered as a proportion of the population or the proportion of women’s employment in social enterprises. There is also considerable sectoral concentration and a smaller proportion of women on boards of larger organisations. Social enterprises have the potential to be alternative spaces to encourage greater representation of women in the governance of local economies, but at present there continues to be an imbalance.
Longitudinal Documentation of Serum Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Collegiate Soccer Athletes Over the Course of an Athletic Season
Authors: Hoch Johanna M. , Mattacola Carl G. , Bush Heather M. , Medina McKeon Jennifer M. , Hewett Timothy E. , Lattermann Christian
Published: September 2012

Background:

Serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (sCOMP) is a biomarker for cartilage degradation. Patient-reported outcomes (PRO) are used to document postinjury recovery and may be used to prospectively identify changes in the course of a season. It is unknown what effect intense, continuous physical activity has on sCOMP levels and PRO values in athletes over the duration of a soccer season.

Hypothesis/Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to longitudinally document sCOMP levels and to determine whether changes in PROs occur in collegiate soccer athletes during a season. The hypotheses tested were that sCOMP levels and PRO scores would remain stable over the duration of the spring soccer season.

Study Design:

Case series; level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Twenty-nine National Collegiate Athletic Association Division-I soccer athletes (18 men, 11 women; age, 19.6 ± 1.2 years; height, 177.8 ± 7.4 cm; mass, 73.8 ± 10.2 kg) participated in 3 (pre-[T1], mid-[T2], and postseason [T3]) data collection sessions. Subjects were included if they were participants in the spring soccer season and were free of severe knee injury at the time of data collection. At each session, subjects completed PROs (Lysholm, International Knee Documentation Committee scores) before serum collection.

Results:

For sCOMP (ng/mL), there was a significant effect for time, with significant increases at T2 (1723.5 ± 257.9, P < .001) and T3 (1624.7 ± 231.6, P = .002) when compared with T1(1482.9 ± 217.9). For each of the PROs, there was a significant effect for time from T1-T3, and at T2-T3 for the IKDC.

Conclusion:

These data indicate sCOMP levels increased as athletes reported an increased level of function over time. However, the differences in sCOMP levels did not reach the calculated minimal detectable change (MDC) value and the differences in PRO scores did not reach previously calculated MDC values. It is unclear whether these increases in sCOMP levels were caused by an increase in cartilage matrix breakdown or turnover. Even though these elevations may not be clinically meaningful, this biomarker may have the potential to be used for future research studies investigating the effects of exercise on overall joint health in longitudinal studies. In addition, these results indicate fluctuations in sCOMP occur during a competitive season and must be taken into consideration for future biomarker studies.
Child–Parent Relationship Therapy for Adoptive Families
Authors: Carnes-Holt Kara
Published: September 2012

Adopted children may present with a wide range of disruptive behaviors making it difficult to implement holistic therapeutic interventions. The number of primary caregivers, disrupted placements, and repeated traumatic events contribute to the overall mental health of the adoptee and greater number of occurrences increases the risk of maladjustment. Adoptive parents are faced with the challenge of developing a relationship and helping the child experience that relationships can be safe and trusting. Child–parent relationship therapy (CPRT) is a structured, time-limited approach that trains caregivers to be an active participant as a therapeutic change agent in their child’s life. CPRT therapy offers an empowering treatment modality for families striving to feel connected and secure.
Still radical after all these years: George Kelly’s The psychology of personal constructs
Authors: Winter David A
Published: September 2012

George Kelly’s The psychology of personal constructs put forward a new psychology that viewed people as actively constructing and anticipating their worlds. This paper considers personal construct theory and its philosophy; personal construct assessment techniques; the personal construct view of psychological disorder and its treatment; and the wide range of other applications of personal construct theory. It is concluded that personal construct psychology remains a radical approach over half a century after Kelly published his magnum opus.
Development and Field Testing of an HIV Medication Touch Screen Computer Patient Adherence Tool with Telephone-Based, Targeted Adherence Counseling
Authors: McInnes D. Keith , Hardy Hélène , Goetz Matthew B. , Skolnik Paul R. , Brewster Amanda L. , Hofmann Roger H. , Gifford Allen L.
Published: September 2012

Background:

HIV medication nonadherence is a major problem, yet many providers lack the time and training to carefully ask patients about their adherence.

Objective:

To design and pilot a technology-assisted intervention, for use in clinical settings, to identify nonadherent patients.

Methods:

The intervention uses audio computer-assisted self-interview (ACASI) to improve the assessment of adherence and medication-related problems. Patients completed a touch screen computer ACASI which generated graphic clinician and patient reports for discussion during the clinical encounter.

Results:

72 patients and 11 providers participated in this study. The patients easily completed the ACASI. Adherence was 63% (3-day) and 47% (30-day). Using the ACASI, 22% of patients identified themselves as nonadherent, when their providers perceived them as adherent.

Conclusions:

This ACASI-based intervention is easy to use and helps identify nonadherence. The pilot test engendered enhancements including the addition of phone-based adherence counseling. A larger trial is underway to evaluate whether the intervention leads to improved HIV-related outcomes.
A Randomized, Open‐Label, 3‐Way Crossover Study to Demonstrate Bioequivalence of Sildenafil Powder for Oral Suspension With Tablets Used Commercially and in Clinical Studies for the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Gao Xiang , O'Gorman Melissa , Cook Jack , Shi Haihong , LaBadie Robert R.
Published: September 2012

Sildenafil citrate (Revatio) is approved for pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in the European Union. A new pediatric formulation, 10 mg/mL sildenafil citrate powder for oral suspension (POS), was developed for pediatric PAH patients. Bioequivalence among the POS suspension (20 mg), the Revatio 20‐mg commercial tablet, and the sildenafil citrate 2 × 10‐mg clinical trial tablets was assessed. In this randomized, open‐label study, 42 healthy adult volunteers received the 3 different sildenafil treatments, each in a single 20‐mg oral dose, using a 3‐way crossover design. Blood samples were collected at predefined times and analyzed for sildenafil plasma concentrations. Natural log‐transformed sildenafil pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax, AUClast, and AUC∞) were evaluated for bioequivalence using a mixed‐effects model. Results were used to estimate relative bioavailability and construct 90% confidence intervals (CIs). Bioequivalence was concluded if the 90% CIs for Cmax, AUClast, and AUC∞ were wholly contained within 80% to 125%. All 90% CIs for the ratios of adjusted geometric means of Cmax, AUClast, and AUC∞ were within 80% to 125%, the prespecified bioequivalence criteria. All 3 formulations were well tolerated. In conclusion, the POS suspension, the commercial 20‐mg Revatio tablet, and the 10‐mg sildenafil tablets were all bioequivalent to one another when given at the equal doses.
Whole transcriptome analyses of six thoroughbred horses before and after exercise using RNA-Seq
Authors: Park Kyung-Do , Park Jongsun , Ko Junsu , Kim Byung Chul , Kim Heui-Soo , Ahn Kung , Do Kyoung-Tag , Choi Hansol , Kim Hak-Min , Song Sanghoon , Lee Sunghoon , Jho Sungwoong , Kong Hong-Sik , Yang Young Mok , Jhun Byung-Hak , Kim Chulhong , Kim Tae-Hyung , Hwang Seungwoo , Bhak Jong , Lee Hak-Kyo , Cho Byung-Wook
Published: September 2012

Background

Thoroughbred horses are the most expensive domestic animals, and their running ability and knowledge about their muscle-related diseases are important in animal genetics. While the horse reference genome is available, there has been no large-scale functional annotation of the genome using expressed genes derived from transcriptomes.

Results

We present a large-scale analysis of whole transcriptome data. We sequenced the whole mRNA from the blood and muscle tissues of six thoroughbred horses before and after exercise. By comparing current genome annotations, we identified 32,361 unigene clusters spanning 51.83 Mb that contained 11,933 (36.87%) annotated genes. More than 60% (20,428) of the unigene clusters did not match any current equine gene model. We also identified 189,973 single nucleotide variations (SNVs) from the sequences aligned against the horse reference genome. Most SNVs (171,558 SNVs; 90.31%) were novel when compared with over 1.1 million equine SNPs from two SNP databases. Using differential expression analysis, we further identified a number of exercise-regulated genes: 62 up-regulated and 80 down-regulated genes in the blood, and 878 up-regulated and 285 down-regulated genes in the muscle. Six of 28 previously-known exercise-related genes were over-expressed in the muscle after exercise. Among the differentially expressed genes, there were 91 transcription factor-encoding genes, which included 56 functionally unknown transcription factor candidates that are probably associated with an early regulatory exercise mechanism. In addition, we found interesting RNA expression patterns where different alternative splicing forms of the same gene showed reversed expressions before and after exercising.

Conclusion

The first sequencing-based horse transcriptome data, extensive analyses results, deferentially expressed genes before and after exercise, and candidate genes that are related to the exercise are provided in this study.
Central poststroke pain: somatosensory abnormalities and the presence of associated myofascial pain syndrome
Authors: de Oliveira Rogério Adas Ayres , de Andrade Daniel Ciampi , Machado André Guelman Gomes , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen
Published: September 2012

Background

Central post-stroke pain (CPSP) is a neuropathic pain syndrome associated with somatosensory abnormalities due to central nervous system lesion following a cerebrovascular insult. Post-stroke pain (PSP) refers to a broader range of clinical conditions leading to pain after stroke, but not restricted to CPSP, including other types of pain such as myofascial pain syndrome (MPS), painful shoulder, lumbar and dorsal pain, complex regional pain syndrome, and spasticity-related pain. Despite its recognition as part of the general PSP diagnostic possibilities, the prevalence of MPS has never been characterized in patients with CPSP patients. We performed a cross-sectional standardized clinical and radiological evaluation of patients with definite CPSP in order to assess the presence of other non-neuropathic pain syndromes, and in particular, the role of myofascial pain syndrome in these patients.

Methods

CPSP patients underwent a standardized sensory and motor neurological evaluation, and were classified according to stroke mechanism, neurological deficits, presence and profile of MPS. The Visual Analogic Scale (VAS), McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), and Beck Depression Scale (BDS) were filled out by all participants.

Results

Forty CPSP patients were included. Thirty-six (90.0%) had one single ischemic stroke. Pain presented during the first three months after stroke in 75.0%. Median pain intensity was 10 (5 to 10). There was no difference in pain intensity among the different lesion site groups. Neuropathic pain was continuous-ongoing in 34 (85.0%) patients and intermittent in the remainder. Burning was the most common descriptor (70%). Main aggravating factors were contact to cold (62.5%). Thermo-sensory abnormalities were universal. MPS was diagnosed in 27 (67.5%) patients and was more common in the supratentorial extra-thalamic group (P <0.001). No significant differences were observed among the different stroke location groups and pain questionnaires and scales scores. Importantly, CPSP patients with and without MPS did not differ in pain intensity (VAS), MPQ or BDS scores.

Conclusions

The presence of MPS is not an exception after stroke and may present in association with CPSP as a common comorbid condition. Further studies are necessary to clarify the role of MPS in CPSP.
A tool to facilitate clinical biomarker studies - a tissue dictionary based on the Human Protein Atlas
Authors: Kampf Caroline , Bergman Julia , Oksvold Per , Asplund Anna , Navani Sanjay , Wiking Mikaela , Lundberg Emma , Uhlén Mathias , Ponten Fredrik
Published: September 2012

The complexity of tissue and the alterations that distinguish normal from cancer remain a challenge for translating results from tumor biological studies into clinical medicine. This has generated an unmet need to exploit the findings from studies based on cell lines and model organisms to develop, validate and clinically apply novel diagnostic, prognostic and treatment predictive markers. As one step to meet this challenge, the Human Protein Atlas project has been set up to produce antibodies towards human protein targets corresponding to all human protein coding genes and to map protein expression in normal human tissues, cancer and cells. Here, we present a dictionary based on microscopy images created as an amendment to the Human Protein Atlas. The aim of the dictionary is to facilitate the interpretation and use of the image-based data available in the Human Protein Atlas, but also to serve as a tool for training and understanding tissue histology, pathology and cell biology. The dictionary contains three main parts, normal tissues, cancer tissues and cells, and is based on high-resolution images at different magnifications of full tissue sections stained with H & E. The cell atlas is centered on immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy images, using different color channels to highlight the organelle structure of a cell. Here, we explain how this dictionary can be used as a tool to aid clinicians and scientists in understanding the use of tissue histology and cancer pathology in diagnostics and biomarker studies.
Altered regulatory mechanisms governing cell survival in children affected with clustering of autoimmune disorders
Authors: Palamaro Loredana , Giardino Giuliana , Santamaria Francesca , Ramenghi Ugo , Dianzani Umberto , Pignata Claudio
Published: September 2012

Clustering of Autoimmune Diseases (CAD) is now emerging as a novel clinical entity within monogenic immune defects with a high familial occurrence. Aim of this study is to evaluate the regulatory mechanisms governing cell survival, paying a particular attention to Fas-induced apoptosis, in a cohort of 23 children affected with CAD. In 14 patients, Fas stimulation failed to induce cell apoptosis and in 1 case it was associated with Fas gene mutation. Our study highlights the importance to evaluate cell apoptosis in the group of children with CAD, which, with this regard, represents a distinct clinical entity.
Rapid Sequencing of a Peptide Containing a Single Disulfide Bond Using High-Energy Collision-Induced Dissociation
Authors: Degawa Takuma , Shimma Shuichi , Toyoda Michisato
Published: September 2012

A peptide containing a single disulfide bond was sequenced using high-energy collision-induced dissociation (HE-CID) in conjunction with a high mass resolution time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometer equipped with a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization source. This mass spectrometer, which has spiral ion trajectory, allowed both high mass resolution and high precursor ion selectivity. It is difficult to obtain sufficient product ions from peptides containing disulfide bonds using HE-CID due to the single collision in the gas phase. To compensate for insufficient dissociation, the disulfide bond was cleaved via an in-source reduction process using 1,5-diaminonaphthalene, a reducing matrix. After applying the reduction in the ionization, subsequent sequencing using HE-CID provided the detailed structural information of the peptide containing the single disulfide bond.
Reactions of Aminoguanidine with α-Dicarbonyl Compounds Studied by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Saraiva Marco A. , Borges Carlos M. , Florěncio M. Helena
Published: September 2012

Aminoguanidine possesses extensive pharmacological properties. This drug is recognized as a powerful α-dicarbonyl scavenger. In order to better elucidate the reactivity of aminoguanidine with α-dicarbonyls, aminoguanidine was reacted with several aldehydic and diketonic α-dicarbonyls. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry is a suitable technique to study chemical and biochemical processes and was selected for the purpose. In aminoguanidine reactions, triazines were detected and other compounds that have never been reported before were identified. Triazine precursor forms were detected, namely tetrahydrotriazines and singly dehydrated tetrahydrotriazines. Moreover, species with bicyclic ring structures and dehydrated forms were also identified in aminoguanidine reactions. These species appear to result from tetrahydrotriazines and triazines reactions with one dicarbonyl molecule. Experiments revealed that these bicyclic species, in particular the ones resulting from triazines reactivity, could exist in solution, since they were both identified in the reactions of aminoguanidine and of a selected triazine with the dicarbonyls studied. The results obtained with regard to aminoguanidine/triazines reactivities appear to support the capability of triazines to condensate and form polycyclic ring structures and also to support literature mechanistic data for dihydroimidazotriazines formation via dihydroxyimidazolidine-triazines. The data obtained in this study may prove to be valuable to complement solution information concerning the reactivity of amines with α-dicarbonyls, in particular.
Characterization by Electrospray Ionization and Tandem Mass Spectrometry of Rhamnolipids Produced by Two Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Brazilian Crude Oil
Authors: Pereira Jorge F.B. , Gudiña Eduardo J. , Dória M. Luísa , Domingues M. Rosário , Rodrigues Lígia R. , Teixeira José A. , Coutinho João A.P.
Published: September 2012

In this work, biosurfactants produced by two Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from Brazilian crude oils were identified by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and further characterized by mass spectrometry (MS) coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis in positive mode and their surface activities evaluated. Mono-rhamnolipids and di-rhamnolipids were identified for both isolates, but the most abundant were found to be mono-rhamnolipids. The similarity of rhamnolipids produced by the two strains was in good agreement with their surface activities. Both biosurfactants exhibited similar aqueous solution surface tensions, high emulsification indexes and critical micelle concentration values. The results obtained show that ESI-MS and MS/MS analysis alone provide a fast and highly specific characterization of biosurfactants produced by microbial strains.
ELF and super-diversity: a case study of ELF multilingual practices from a business context
Authors: Cogo, Alessia
Published: September 2012

This article explores the link between English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) and super-diversity in the multilingual business context of a small IT company, where English is used as a lingua franca and various linguistic resources play an important role in the company practices. The aim of the study is to examine the practices, orientations to and use of ELF and multilingual resources within an ethnographically-oriented approach, with data collected through observations, interviews, focus groups and recordings of naturally-occurring interactions. The findings show that the company's practices are highly multilingual, whereby ‘languaging’ is a common and positively valued phenomenon. Results also show that ELF is highly collaborative, both in spoken and written communication, and the staff's sociolinguistic repertoire is sensitive to the interlocutors' communicative resources.
ELF in international supervision: a nexus analysis approach
Authors: Soukup, Barbara , Kordon, Kathrin
Published: September 2012

In the literature on professional international consulting, the use of a foreign language (such as English) is typically cast as problematic and as an obstacle to successful intervention. In this article, we present evidence to the contrary, showing that conducting a specific form of professional consulting called ‘supervision’ in English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) can be beneficial rather than detrimental to the outcome. We analyze data of one international supervision event using the ethnographic framework of ‘nexus analysis’ (Scollon and Scollon 2004). Nexus analysis operates by investigating how macro-level societal discourses (e.g. professional discourses of supervision) and cultural tools (e.g. the use of ELF) interplay in and mediate local moments of interaction. In our case, using ELF in international supervision can slow down the process, which in turn is actually an important intervention strategy in supervision because it facilitates reflection work and is thus conducive to positive outcomes. We argue that nexus analysis is well poised to investigate the effects of such interplay of ELF use and societal (professional) discourses on the ground. Further, conducting studies that show the benefits of ELF use in supervision can ultimately engender more positive attitudes among professionals in this regard.
Distinct Neurogenic Potential in the Retinal Margin and the Pars Plana of Mammalian Eye
Authors: Kiyama Takae , Li Hongyan , Gupta Manu , Lin Ya-Ping , Chuang Alice Z. , Otteson Deborah C. , Wang Steven W.
Published: September 2012

Unlike many other vertebrates, a healthy mammalian retina does not grow throughout life and lacks a ciliary margin zone capable of actively generating new neurons. The isolation of stem-like cells from the ciliary epithelium has led to speculation that the mammalian retina and/or surrounding tissues may retain neurogenic potential capable of responding to retinal damage. Using genetically altered mouse lines with varying degrees of retinal ganglion cell loss, we show that the retinal margin responds to ganglion cell loss by prolonging specific neurogenic activity, as characterized by increased numbers ofAtoh7LacZ-expressing cells. The extent of neurogenic activity correlated with the degree of ganglion cell deficiency. In the pars plana, but not the retinal margin, cells remain proliferative into adulthood, marking the junction of pars plana and retinal margin as a niche capable of producing proliferative cells in the mammalian retina and a potential cellular source for retinal regeneration.
The Auxiliary Subunits Neto1 and Neto2 Reduce Voltage-Dependent Inhibition of Recombinant Kainate Receptors
Authors: Fisher Janet L. , Mott David D.
Published: September 2012

Kainate receptors can be subject to voltage-dependent block by intracellular polyamines, which causes inward rectification of the current–voltage relationship. Sensitivity to polyamine block is largely determined by the identity of a residue within the pore domain that can be altered through RNA editing. This process causes replacement of the encoded glutamine(Q) with a positively charged arginine(R), eliminating polyamine inhibition and thus inward rectification. In neurons, kainate receptors can associate with the auxiliary subunits Neto1 or Neto2. These transmembrane proteins alter the trafficking, channel kinetics, and pharmacology of the receptors in a subunit-dependent manner. We found that coexpression of Neto subunits with recombinant GluK2(Q) kainate receptors greatly reduced inward rectification without altering calcium permeability. This effect was separate from modulation of channel kinetics, as mutations within the extracellular LDLa domain of the Neto proteins completely eliminated their effects on desensitization but only reduced their effects on rectification. Conversely, deletion of the intracellular C-terminal domain of Neto1 or Neto2 or neutralization of positively charged residues within this domain prevented the reduction in rectification but did not alter effects on channel kinetics. These results demonstrate new roles for Neto1 and Neto2 in regulating kainate receptor function and identify domains within these auxiliary subunits important for mediating their effects.
Origem e formação das domácias em Coffea L.
Authors: Barros Myrthes Apparecida Adâmoli de
Published: September 2012

No presente trabalho focalizamos o discutido problema da origem ou formação das domácias, escolhendo, inicialmente, as principais variedades de Coffea arabica L.. Na revisão da literatura, procuramos nos cingir unicamente à bibliografia que trata do assunto em aprêço. Apreciando convenientemente o problema da origem, duas hipóteses foram aventadas pelos autores para explicar a formação das domácias: l.ª) causada por insetos ou por ácaros (LUNDSTRÖEM e outros). 2.ª) caráter hereditário (CHEVALIER). Ambas as hipóteses foram consideradas com o objetivo de aclararmos o problema e concluimos, com CHEVALIER, que se trata de um caráter hereditário. O material constou de sementes, e de ramos com fôlhas de várias idades de cafeeiros que vieram das coleções vivas do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas. As observações morfológicas preliminares foram feitas com o auxílio do microscópio estereoscópico. As estruturas anatômicas foram apreciadas em córtes transversais longitudinais, coloridos com violeta-cristal e eritrosina, com espessura de 18 micra.
Influência da cobertura morta sôbre a umidade de um solo cultivado com cafeeiro
Authors: Brasil Sobrinho Moacyr de O. C. do , Mello Francisco de A. F. de
Published: September 2012

O presente trabalho é parte de um estudo da influência da cobertura morta sôbre algumas propriedades físicas e químicas de um latosolo vermelho amarelo plantado com café. Nele os autores relatam apenas os resultados obtidos sôbre a conservação da umidade do solo, concluindo que a cobertura morta mostrou-se eficiente nesse particular. O seu efeito foi mais pronunciado nos períodos mais sêcos e principalmente na camada superficial.
I - Ocorrência das domácias nas angiospermas
Authors: Barros Myrthes A. A. de
Published: September 2012

Do estudo pormenorizado que fizemos em tão copioso material, assinalamos a presença de domácias em 42 espécies distintas, distribuidas entre 28 famílias pertencentes às Angiospermas. Cumpre salientar que registramos a ocorrência desses pequeninos órgãos nas fôlhas, tanto de árvores e arbustos, como de trepadeiras e plantas de pequeno porte. As domácias foram assinaladas não só na inserção das nervuras de 1.ª e 2.ª ordem, que é o caso mais comum, como também sôbre a nervura principal e na superfície do limbo, bem próximo aos bordos da fôlha, constituindo nesse último caso, novos tipos por nós discutidos em trabalho à parte. Registramos, pela primeira vêz, mais 17 famílias novas entre as plantas acarófilas. Relacionamos por ordem alfabética as famílias cujas espécies apresentavam domácias, assim como os nomes das plantas, o tipo e localização das domácias, etc., empregando a Classificação de CHEVALIER E CHESNAIS (1941). Os tipos de domácias catalogados distribuim-se entre as famílias da seguinte maneira: a) Domácias em "tufo de pêlos" - encontradas em plantas das seguintes famílias: Anacardiaceae, Apocynaceae, Bignoniaceae, Caricaceae, Caryocaraceae, Dilleniaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Juglandaceae, Leguminosae, Meliaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Onagraceae, Oxalidaceae, Phytolacaceae, Rhamnaceae, Sapindaceae, Saxifragaceae e Verbenaceae. b) Domácias "em fenda" - encontradas nas famílias: Lauraceae, Marcgraviaceae e Meliaceae. c) Domácias "em bolsa" - registradas nas seguintes famílias: Amaranthaceae, Anonaceae, Bignoniaceae, Labiatae, Lauraceae, Leguminosae, Lythraceae, Moraceae, Nyctaginaceae e Vitaceae. d) Alguns tipos de domácias - encontrados nas famílias: Anacardiaceae, Onagraceae, Oxalidaceae, Apocynaceae, Caricaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Marcgraviaceae, Meliaceae e Leguminosae.
Verificação da adaptação à galactose e à maltose de células de Saccharomyces carlsbergensis
Authors: Ayres G. C. de Mello
Published: September 2012

Células de 5. carlsbergensis crescidas em meio de cultura DPE diferenciados apenas em sua principal fonte de carbono (glicose, galactose e maltose) tiveram diferentes comportamentos quando postas a fermentar glicose, galactose, maltose e rafinose, em manômetro de Warburg. Presume-se que sejam enzimas constitutivos para o citado microorganismo, sacarase e hexoquinase e enzimas adaptativos, maltase, alfa-galactosidase e galactowaldenase.
Seleção de variedades de soja (Glycine Max (L.) Merril ): I. Analises Bromatológicas
Authors: Menard L. Neptune , Vencosvky R. , Giral H. Campos
Published: September 2012

O presente trabalho foi realizado com o fito de estabelecer uma seleção prévia entre 32 variedaeds de soja (Glycine max. (L.) Merril), com base nas análises bromatológicas das sementes. Foram determinados teores de umidade (U), cinzas (RM), proteína bruta (PB), gordura bruta ou extrato etéreo (EE), fibra bruta (F) e extrativo não nitrogenado (ENN). As análises da variância permitem tirar as seguintes conclusões: 1) Entre as variedades classificadas no grupo forrageiro e comestível, tem-se: Mandarin 8a (40,16% PB), Bicolor de Calai (39,64% PB) e Aliança (38,70% PB). 2) De acordo com a classificação estabelecida, para o grupo produtor de óleo, as variedades Lee, Hood, Lincoln (Blanco) Improved Pelican (2), Lincoln (Morado) e Improved Pelican (1), se destacam com 21,76, 21,65, 21,62, 21,35, 21,13 e 21,04% de EE respectivamente. 3) As variedades que apresentaram menor percentagem de fibra são: Hernónjn.0 107, Hood, Mogiana, Hill e Selection n.° 135, com 9,59; 9,62; 9,68; 10,02 e 10,12% F respectivamente. 4) Encontrou-se uma correlação positiva entre o teor de proteína bruta e o de cinzas.
Determinação e comparação dos valôres Mi, A, Y e S, em dois tipos de solo do est. de S. Paulo
Authors: Menard L. Neptune , Campanelli A.
Published: September 2012

No presente trabalho, determinou-se e comparou-se os valores Mi de BARBIER et al., 1954, SCHEFFER e ULRICH, 1958, A de FRIED e DEAN, 1952 Y de LARSEN, 1952, e S de SOKOLOV, 1958, em dois tipos de solo do Estado de São Paulo: terra roxa legítima e um solo arenoso do campo da Secção Técnica de Química Agrícola da Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz". Aplicou-se 23,58 mg de fósforo, por vaso, na forma de superfosfato simples, contendo fósforo radioativo com uma atividade de 120.736 ipm; na forma de solução, aplicou-se também 200 mg de NH4N0(3) e 100 mg de KC1. Misturou-se bem para que houvesse homogenização a mais perfeita possível. Depois plantou-se 25 sementes de trigo, variedade 1146BH, deixando-se apenas 16 plantas após o desbaste. Procedeu-se àcolheita 55 dias após o plantio. Tanto a parte aérea como as raízes foram sêcas em estufa a 70-80°C. Sôbre o material triturado, digerido e diluído, retirou-se partes alíquotas para a determinação do P81 e do P32. Os valores obtidos para os dois tipos de solos foram os seguintes: mg de P por 1,5 kg de solo Valores Terra roxa legítima Solo arenoso Mi 177,96 92,62 A 177,55 92,71 Y 178,97 92,98 S 173,42 64,75 A análise estatística não revelou diferença significativa entre os valores Mi, A e Y, mas sim dêstes para o valor S. Quanto a este último valor, pode-se dizer que quanto mais rico em fósforo fôr o solo e quanto menor fôr o teor dêste elemento na semente, quanto mais êle deverá se aproximar dos valores Mi, A e Y.
Anatomia morfológica, externa e interna da lagarta, e do adulto da Brassolis sophorae laurentii Stichel, 1925
Authors: Zamith Adiel Paes Leme
Published: September 2012

O autor neste trabalho faz a descrição morfológica externa e interna da lagarta e do adulto de Brassolis sophorae Laurentii Stichel, inseto praga das palmeiras. Descreve o aspecto externo e após dissecação em líquido Ringer, estuda a morfologia dos diversos aparelhos, inclusive a genitalia do macho e ovos.
Programas trainees corporativos e o governo das almas
Authors: Cruz Jairo Antônio da , Saraiva Karla
Published: September 2012

O artigo busca problematizar as transformações do trabalho na passagem da Modernidade para a Contemporaneidade, e alguns de seus efeitos nos domínios educacionais. Para tanto, mostramos o deslocamento de ênfase de um trabalho fabril para um trabalho que vem sendo chamado imaterial, que já não prioriza um sistema baseado na obediência a regulamentos e na vigilância do corpo. Sua organização lança mão de formas muito mais sutis de poder, apoiando-se em formas mais sofisticadas e complexas de atuar sobre os sujeitos. Esse quadro teórico serve de suporte para a análise de três programas trainees corporativos, que buscam capturar "grandes talentos" egressos de cursos superiores e torná-los fiéis colaboradores das organizações empresariais, fazendo com que desejem e passem a agir como autoem-presários prestadores de serviços.
Orçamento familiar e gênero: percepções do Programa Bolsa Família
Authors: Pires André
Published: September 2012

O estudo apresenta os resultados de uma investigação etnográfica realizada entre os participantes do Programa Bolsa Família no município de Campinas, Estado de São Paulo. A análise parte de percepção, presente na fala dos entrevistados, de que o "Bolsa Família ajuda". O objetivo é compreender os sentidos do termo "ajuda" em dois momentos: como viver numa localidade como Campinas interfere na forma de as pessoas avaliarem o programa; e como o termo "ajuda" denota uma incorporação simbólica permeada pelas relações de gênero desse dinheiro pela família.
Intenção educacional da ética de Tomás de Aquino no contexto citadino no século XIII
Authors: Cavalcante Tatyana Murer , Oliveira Terezinha
Published: September 2012

O objetivo deste texto é tecer considerações sobre a concepção de ética de Tomás de Aquino (1224-5?/1274), a partir da relação entre produção do conhecimento e transformações sociais. Selecionamos para análise a questão "As consequências dos atos humanos em razão da bondade e da malícia", oriunda da obra principal do autor, a Suma de Teologia. Faremos este debate à luz de estudiosos da contemporaneidade que tratam do tema, com destaque especial para Le Goff, Lauand e Oliveira. Compreendemos que a elaboração de Tomás de Aquino, gestada na e para a cidade, afirmava a necessidade do conhecimento e do ensino de virtudes orientadas para as relações sociais que implicavam a responsabilidade pessoal. Consideramos que este estudo pode nos apontar caminhos para o debate sobre a ética na atualidade.
Pluralismo cultural y educación: el caso canadiense
Authors: Pozzo María Isabel
Published: September 2012

El presente artículo se centra en las estrategias educativas que promuevan "la inclusión y la participación de todos los ciudadanos garantizando la cohesión social, la vitalidad de la sociedad civil y la paz" (UNESCO, 2001) en una comunidad multicultural paradigmática como la canadiense. El abordaje consta de tres partes. En la primera se examina la naturaleza multicultural de Canadá: la composición socioétnica de su población, diacrónica y sincrónicamente. En la segunda parte se analiza el pluralismo cultural entendido como compromiso político ante el multiculturalismo descripto anteriormente. Para ello, se revisa la política del "mosaico" así como la legislación canadiense a este respecto. Finalmente, se describen las estrategias educativas a través de las cuales dicha política cobra existencia. Con este estudio se pretende promover una reflexión sobre la forma en que otros países dan respuesta a la realidad multicultural actual.
Análise de barreiras e o modelo de ressonância funcional de acidentes de Erik Hollnagel
Authors: Almeida Ildeberto Muniz de
Published: September 2012

Partindo de apresentação da proposta de análise de acidentes baseada no modelo sistêmico e não linear de acidentes, dito de ressonância funcional, desenvolvido por Erik Hollnagel, este texto discute críticas às concepções deterministas de acidente e aos modelos lineares de representação desses eventos. Aspectos do modelo de ressonância funcional são usados como eixo definidor de proposta de agenda de discussões a ser desenvolvida pelos interessados no tema da análise de acidentes, destacando-se: a) a defesa do abandono da idéia de causas de acidentes e sua substituição pela de explicação desses eventos; b) apresentação dos conceitos de variabilidade de desempenhos e adaptações locais e a proposta de sua utilização como bases para a identificação de perfis ou aspectos típicos de acidentes. Por fim, discute-se a necessidade de incorporação dos conceitos apresentados no debate sobre novos caminhos para as práticas de análises e de prevenção de acidentes em nosso país.
Atuação do Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo com relação ao direito de crianças e adolescentes à educação
Authors: Silveira Adriana Dragone
Published: September 2012

O artigo analisa como o Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo (TJ-SP) apreciou e julgou as demandas envolvendo os direitos de crianças e adolescentes à educação, no período após a implantação do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA), verificando em quais assuntos se estabeleceu uma jurisprudência favorável para a exigibilidade judicial do direito à educação e as principais dificuldades quanto à interpretação desse direito. A partir da análise das decisões, observou-se que há uma tendência majoritária a aceitar com mais facilidade as demandas que requisitavam, individualmente ou para um número definido de interessados, o acesso à educação, consolidando uma jurisprudência favorável ao longo dos anos, principalmente com relação à educação infantil e à educação especial. Todavia, os desembargadores foram mais resistentes em acatar os pedidos relacionados às questões técnicas ou políticas, considerando a tese da impossibilidade de interferência do judiciário em atividade do Poder Executivo.
Encoprese e constipação em gêmeos: um estudo de caso em ludoterapia comportamental
Authors: Coelho Laura dos Santos Gomes
Published: September 2012

Relato de tratamento em ludoterapia comportamental de gêmeos (4 anos) onde uma das crianças apresentava encoprese secundária retentiva e a outra apresentava constipação. O tratamento consistiu em avaliação (entrevista e observação), linha de base (padrão de defecação) e intervenções (habituação comportamental, treino intestinal, monitoramento através de gráficos e biblioterapia). Em relação à linha de base, o padrão de defecação dos gêmeos quadruplicou. Foram discutidos os fatores que possibilitaram a mudança no padrão de defecação dos gêmeos e a importância de se investigar os fatores responsáveis pelas diferenças individuais em quadros de encoprese.
Morte e castração: um estudo psicanalítico sobre a doença terminal infantil
Authors: Gonçalves Mônica de Oliveira
Published: September 2012

Com o objetivo abordar a questão da doença terminal em pacientes pediátricos, este artigo visa promover uma reflexão sobre a maneira como a criança enferma lida com a morte, bem como seus pais, irmãos e profissionais da área da saúde. A teoria psicanalítica freudiana foi utilizada como embasamento da compreensão dos mecanismos presentes neste processo. A sensibilidade, humildade e compreensão das nossas próprias limitações enquanto seres humanos e profissionais é o meio mais simples e natural de compartilhar com o paciente sua experiência de finitude.
Psicologia comunitária X assistencialismo: possibilidades e limites
Authors: Ramminger Tatiana
Published: September 2012

No presente artigo procuro questionar os objetivos e resultados do "assistencialismo" e o quanto isto acaba atravessando e, até mesmo, determinando comportamentos da equipe de trabalho e dos usuários das Instituições. Ressalto, ainda, a importância da psicologia nestas práticas como um lugar privilegiado de escuta - lugar que infelizmente continua vago, esperando.
Museu de Imagens do Inconsciente: considerações sobre sua história
Authors: Dionísio Gustavo Henrique
Published: September 2012

Esse trabalho se propõe a recuperar, em parte, fatos importantes na história do Museu de Imagens do Inconsciente, além de fazer alguns apontamentos sobre a repercussão que obtiveram na imprensa da época as exposições realizadas pelo museu dentro do período da década de 40, mais especificamente em relação aos anos de 1947 e 1949, que foram significativos no que diz respeito ao seu processo de gênese, além de relacionar outros dois acontecimentos que, ao nosso ver, são também de suma importância.
Ética, loucura e normalização: um diálogo entre a psicanálise e Michel Foucault
Authors: Silva Eduardo Pinto e
Published: September 2012

Michel Foucault aborda os temas da loucura, saber, poder e ética, tendo como pano de fundo uma crítica à sociedade disciplinar e à normalização operada pela Psiquiatria e Psicanálise. Partindo sobretudo de Joel Birman, o presente artigo argumenta que resgatar o caráter crítico de Foucault em relação à Psicanálise é possibilitar uma prática clínica renovada em relação à psicose e à questão da cidadania. A absorção pela Psicanálise das críticas foucaultianas possibilita uma ação voltada ao cuidado efetivo da loucura, em detrimento de sua ação enquanto saber e exercício de poder sobre a mesma.