bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HSP70 Expression Signature in Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Clinical and Bioinformatic Analysis Approach
Authors: Abd El-Fadeal Noha M. Abd , Ellawindy Alia , Jeraiby Mohammed A. , Qusti Safaa Y. , Alshammari Eida M. , Alzahrani Ahmad Khuzaim , Ismail Ezzat A. , Ehab Ziad , Toraih Eman A. , Fawzy Manal S. , Mohamed Marwa Hussein
Published: January 2023

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are cytoprotective against stressful conditions, as in the case of cancer cell metabolism. Scientists proposed that HSP70 might be implicated in increased cancer cell survival. This study aimed to investigate the HSP70 (HSPA4) gene expression signature in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in correlation to cancer subtype, stage, grade, and recurrence, combining both clinicopathological and in silico analysis approaches. One hundred and thirty archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples, including 65 RCC tissue specimens and their paired non-cancerous tissues, were included in the study. Total RNA was extracted from each sample and analyzed using TaqMan quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction. Correlation and validation to the available clinicopathological data and results were executed. Upregulated HSP70 (HSPA4) gene expression was evident in RCC compared to non-cancer tissues in the studied cohort and was validated by in silico analysis. Furthermore, HSP70 expression levels showed significant positive correlations with cancer size, grade, and capsule infiltration, as well as recurrence in RCC patients. The expression levels negatively correlated with the overall survival (r = −0.87, p < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier curves showed lower survival rates in high HSP70 expressor group compared to the low expressors. In conclusion, the HSP70 expression levels are associated with poor RCC prognosis in terms of advanced grade, capsule infiltration, recurrence, and short survival.
Treatment Dilemma in Children with Late-Onset Pompe Disease
Authors: Faraguna Martha Caterina , Crescitelli Viola , Fornari Anna , Barzaghi Silvia , Savasta Salvatore , Foiadelli Thomas , Veraldi Daniele , Paoletti Matteo , Pichiecchio Anna , Gasperini Serena
Published: January 2023

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the diagnosis of asymptomatic Late-Onset Pompe Disease (LOPD) patients, who are detected via family screening or Newborn Screening (NBS). The dilemma is when to start Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT) in patients without any clinical sign of the disease, considering its important benefits in terms of loss of muscle but also its very high cost, risk of side effects, and long-term immunogenicity. Muscle Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is accessible, radiation-free, and reproducible; therefore, it is an important instrument for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with LOPD, especially in asymptomatic cases. European guidelines suggest monitoring in asymptomatic LOPD cases with minimal MRI findings, although other guidelines consider starting ERT in apparently asymptomatic cases with initial muscle involvement (e.g., paraspinal muscles). We describe three siblings affected by LOPD who present compound heterozygosis and wide phenotypic variability. The three cases differ in age at presentation, symptoms, urinary tetrasaccharide levels, and MRI findings, confirming the significant phenotypic variability of LOPD and the difficulty in deciding when to start therapy.
High-Resolution Lidar-Derived DEM for Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Using AHP and Fuzzy Logic in Serdang, Malaysia
Authors: Okoli Jude , Nahazanan Haslinda , Nahas Faten , Kalantar Bahareh , Shafri Helmi Zulhaidi Mohd , Khuzaimah Zailani
Published: January 2023

Landslide impact is potentially hazardous to an urban environment. Landslides occur at certain slope levels over time and require practical slope analysis to assess the nature of the slope where a landslide is likely to occur. Thus, acquiring very high-resolution remote sensing data plays a significant role in determining the slope surface. For this study, 12 landslide conditioning parameters with 10 × 10 cell sizes that have never been previously collectively applied were created. These factors were created directly from the LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) DEM (digital elevation model)using their layer toolboxes, which include slope, aspect, elevation, curvature, and hill shade. Stream power index (SPI), topographic wetness index (TWI), and terrain roughness index (TRI) were created from spatial layers such as slope, flow direction, and flow accumulation. Shapefiles of distances to roads, lakes, trees, and build-up were digitized as land use/cover from the LiDAR image and produced using the Euclidean distance method in ArcGIS. The parameters were selected based on expert knowledge, previous landslide literature, and the study area characteristics. Moreover, multicriteria decision-making analysis, which includes the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy logic approaches not previously utilized with a LiDAR DEM, was used in this study to predict the possibility of a landslide. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) were used for the validation of results. The area under the curve (AUC) values obtained from the ROC method for the AHP and fuzzy were 0.859 and 0.802, respectively. The final susceptibility results will be helpful to urban developers in Malaysia and for sustainable landslide hazard mitigation.
Russian Icons, 17th–18th c. Non-Destructive, Non-Invasive Diagnostic Methodology for an Integrated Study of Micrographic Triptychs from the Benaki Museum Collection
Authors: Kalliga Alexandra Eleni , Alexopoulou Athina Georgia
Published: January 2023

The study aims to enhance our knowledge of the materials and techniques applied in the making of Russian, portable ecclesiastical paintings produced after the 16th century, and to evaluate a pilot, non-destructive, non-invasive, research methodology proposed for their examination. Based on research relating to the historical background of their production and distribution in the South, the availability of materials and the applied techniques, a non-destructive, non-invasive methodology is exploited to examine three triptychs and two polyptych side panels belonging to the collection of the Benaki Museum. As their small size and excellent state of preservation prohibit sampling, a study scheme based on visual examination, the implementation of a series of spectral imaging techniques (VIS, IRRFC, SWIR, UVL, RTI, X ray) and a non-invasive micro XRF analysis is tested. Fiber and wood-type identification are carried out microscopically. The collected information relates to the making of the frames and the supports, the design, the use of metal foils and pigments, the order of application of paint layers and the rendering techniques. Due to the non-destructive, non-invasive character of the procedure, organic constituents are not thoroughly examined. Use of an expected palette was confirmed, but the modelling proved rather sophisticated. Among the most interesting finds were the use of distinct pigment mixtures for the underpaints of the flesh parts and certain deviations from the expected rendering techniques. The methodology proved very effective in terms of its output, the global approach of the construction technique, the user-friendly application, the low cost and time consumption factors.
Investigating the Impact of Occupational Technostress and Psychological Restorativeness of Natural Spaces on Work Engagement and Work–Life Balance Satisfaction
Authors: Curcuruto Matteo , Williams Sian , Brondino Margherita , Bazzoli Andrea
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated lockdowns and mandatory working from home, as well as restrictions on travel and recreation. As a result, many people have had to use their home as an office and have increased their use of Information Communications Technology (ICT) for work purposes. Nature and accessing natural spaces are known to be beneficial for human health and wellbeing, as a result of their restorative properties. Access to local outdoor spaces was permitted under restrictions, and use of such spaces increased during lockdown. This survey study investigated whether the perceived restorativeness of natural spaces and exposure to technostress predicted the levels of work engagement and work–life balance satisfaction (WLBS) during the period of COVID-19 restrictions adopted in 2020. Analyses conducted on a sample of 109 people employed in the UK revealed that technostress negatively impacted WLBS, whilst perceived psychological restorativeness positively predicted work engagement. The study highlights the benefits of having access to natural spaces to improve employees’ work engagement and potentially negate the negative effects of technostress, particularly during a period of intensive working from home. The results contribute to the understanding of the linkages between restorativeness and work engagement, paving the way for synergies across these research fields.
To Be a Pregnant Surgeon—Is There Anything to Be Afraid of?
Authors: Dowgiałło-Gornowicz Natalia , Zięty Jakub Jan , Gornowicz Michał , Sztaba Klaudia , Osowiecka Karolina , Lech Paweł
Published: January 2023

Background: Women who decide to become a surgeon are afraid of motherhood. The aim of this study was to establish the opinions of patients and doctors on the professional activity of pregnant surgeons (PS). Methods: The study was conducted on a group of respondents consisting of doctors and patients. The study was carried out using a questionnaire of 12 questions. Results: 1074 doctors and 657 patients responded to the survey. Doctors, especially non-surgeons, significantly more often believed that PS should stop working in the operating theatre immediately after pregnancy confirmation. Most patients thought that operations performed by PS are normal, whereas the doctors more often considered it heroic or irresponsible. Doctors more often mentioned fear of financial stability and fear of losing their reputation as reasons for working by PS. Most respondents claimed that it made no difference whether they were operated on by PS or not. However, patients significantly more often declared their willingness to be operated on by PS. Conclusions: The study showed that female surgeons may have slight concerns about how they will be perceived by colleagues and patients. However, most respondents, patients significantly more often, believed that working during pregnancy is the natural course of things.
Consensus Report of the Technical-Scientific Associations of Italian Dental Hygienists and the Academy of Advanced Technologies in Oral Hygiene Sciences on the Non-Surgical Treatment of Peri-Implant Disease
Authors: Amodeo Alessio , Butera Andrea , Lattari Marco , Stablum Giulia , Abbinante Antonia , Agneta Maria , Lanzetti Jacopo , Tomassi Domenico , Piscicelli Stefania , Luperini Maurizio , Colavito Arcangela , Chiavistelli Lorella , Politangeli Rita , Castaldi Matteo , Nardi Gianna
Published: January 2023

Background: The recent publication of the new classification of periodontal and peri-implant disease has given clear indications on the parameters to be taken into consideration to correctly diagnose the different phases of these diseases. To date, however, there are no equally clear indications on the treatments to be implemented to solve these diseases. The objective of this Consensus Report is to provide guidance for the non-surgical management of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. For the drafting of the consensus, the most recent scientific literature was analysed. Materials and Methods: A group of 15 expert Italian dental hygienists were selected by the Italian technical-scientific societies (AIDI, UNID and ATASIO) and, starting from the literature review, they formulated indications according to the GRADE method (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation, a tool for rating the quality of evidence, used to draw up systematic reviews and clinical guidelines) on the treatment of peri-implant mucositis, peri-implantitis and on management of the various implanting surfaces. Conclusions: in accordance with the international literature, non-surgical therapy alone can resolve peri-implant mucositis, but not peri-implantitis. Several adjunctive therapies have been considered and some appear to be helpful in managing inflammation.
Taking a Pulse on Community Participation in Maternal Health through Community Clinics in Bangladesh
Authors: Banik Goutom , Mazumder Tapas , Siddique Abu Bakkar , Uddin A.F.M Azim , Arifeen Shams El , Perkins Janet , Rahman Ahmed Ehsanur
Published: January 2023

Bangladesh started institutionalising community participation by setting-up community clinics (CCs) during the mid-90 s. This paper presents the genealogy of CCs, the community participation mechanism embedded within CCs, and the case of 54 CCs in Brahmanbaria, through the lens of maternal health. We undertook a desk review to understand the journey of CCs. In 2018, we assessed the accessibility, readiness and functionality of CCs, and a household survey to know recently delivered women’s perceptions of CC’s community groups (CGs) and community support groups (CSGs). We performed multiple logistic regression to determine the association between the functionality of these groups and women’s perception regarding these groups’ activities on maternal health. The integration of community participation involving CCs started to roll out through the operationalisation of the Health and Population Sector Programme 1998–2003. In 2019, 13,907 CCs were operational. However, per our CC assessment, their accessibility and readiness were moderate but there were gaps in the functionality of the CCs. The perception of women regarding these groups’ functionality was significantly better when the group members met regularly. The gaps in CCs are primarily induced by the shortcomings of its community participation model. Proper understanding is needed to address this problem which has many facets and layers, including political priorities, expectations, and provisions at a local level.
Relationships between Self-Efficacy and Post-Stroke Activity Limitations, Locomotor Ability, Physical Activity, and Community Reintegration in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Honado Aristide S. , Atigossou Orthelo Léonel Gbètoho , Roy Jean-Sébastien , Daneault Jean-François , Batcho Charles Sèbiyo
Published: January 2023

Stroke self-efficacy is under-investigated in sub-Saharan Africa. In particular, studies focusing on the relationship between self-efficacy and post-stroke functional outcomes are scarce. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the association between self-efficacy and post-stroke activity limitations, locomotor ability, physical activity, and community reintegration in Benin, a sub-Saharan African country. To achieve this purpose, a selection of stroke patients was made from the admission registers of the physiotherapy clinics (rehabilitation units) of three reference hospitals in Benin from January to April 2018. Stroke patients who were still continuing their rehabilitation sessions were informed by direct contact. Those who had already finished their sessions were informed by telephone. Sixty stroke patients of those contacted gave their consent and were recruited for this study. The sample consisted of 44 men and 16 women with a mean age of 56.7 ± 10.4 years. Activity limitations, locomotor ability, physical activity, community reintegration, and self-efficacy were self-reported using ACTIVLIM-Stroke, Abiloco-Benin, the Africa francophone version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-AF), the Reintegration to Normal Living Index (RNLI), and a French version of the Stroke Self-efficacy Questionnaire (SSEQ-F), respectively. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients (ρ) were calculated to characterize the relationship between self-efficacy and activity limitations, locomotor ability, physical activity, and community reintegration. According to the results, self-efficacy showed a moderate correlation with physical activity (ρ = 0.65; p < 0.001) and high correlations with activity limitations (ρ = 0.81; p < 0.001), locomotor ability (ρ = 0.72; p < 0.001), and community reintegration (ρ = −0.84; p < 0.001). Thus, self-efficacy emerges as an important factor associated with the functional recovery of stroke patients in sub-Saharan Africa.
Community Pharmacy Staff’s Knowledge, Educational Needs, and Barriers Related to Counseling Cancer Patients and Cancer Survivors in Denmark
Authors: Buhl Caroline , Olsen Nadia Lund , Nørgaard Lotte Stig , Thomsen Linda Aagaard , Jacobsen Ramune
Published: January 2023

Objective: The study aimed to determine Danish community pharmacy staff’s knowledge, educational needs, and barriers when communicating with cancer patients/survivors. Furthermore, the study investigated whether pharmacy staff was interested in participating in education about cancer. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among community pharmacy staff (pharmacists and pharmaconomists) in Denmark. Descriptive and bivariate (t-test and chi-square) statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: In total, 134 staff members responded to the questionnaire. Their self-reported knowledge of cancer-related topics was between ‘very little knowledge’ and ‘some knowledge’. The most well-known topics concerned risk factors for cancer and side effects from cancer treatments. The importance of learning more about the same topics was rated between ‘important’ and ‘very important’. The largest barriers identified in counseling cancer patients/survivors were a lack of knowledge about cancer, a focus on healthcare problems other than cancer, and a traditional view of community pharmacies as a place to pick up medication. Pharmacy staff expressed interest in participating in educational programs about cancer treatment (91.0%), communication with cancer patients (88.1%), and late effects of cancer (93.3%). Conclusion: Community pharmacy staff show interest in participating in education regarding cancer, but need more knowledge to properly counsel cancer patients and survivors at the community pharmacies. This important barrier should be addressed in future educational programs for community pharmacy staff.
Effects of Carbon Tax on Urban Carbon Emission Reduction: Evidence in China Environmental Governance
Authors: Zhao Aiwen , Song Xiaoqian , Li Jiajie , Yuan Qingchun , Pei Yingshun , Li Ruilin , Hitch Michael
Published: January 2023

Carbon tax is an important economic instrument in achieving the goal of carbon emission reduction and sustainable development. This paper investigates the effects of carbon tax on carbon emission reduction in China. First, a non-competitive input–output table for Carbon Emissions of 28 sectors in China after Carbon Tax was established, based on the “2018 China Non-competitive Input–Output Table (42 Sectors)” and the carbon emission data of sectors provided by China Carbon Emission Accounts and Datasets (CEADs). Then, an input–output price model was established to study the changes on product price, GDP, employment, and carbon dioxide emissions of 28 sectors after carbon taxing ranged from 10 to 200. When the carbon tax rate reaches 200 yuan/ton, the inflation rate will be 5.907%, the total GDP will be decreased to 1.910%, the total labor force will be decreased to 1.744%, and the total carbon emission reduction rate will be increased to 8.171%. Results showed that with the increases in carbon tax, the inflation rate was increased, the rate of carbon emission reduction was increased, and the negative effects on GDP and employment were also increased. Suggestions on policy making, such as combination of carbon taxing and carbon trading, dynamic adjustment mechanism, tax neutrality, and forcing active carbon reduction, were proposed to minimize the adverse effect of levying carbon tax. The results from this paper would provide a reference for the policy making on carbon management.
Embedding Physical Activity into Community-Based Peer Support Groups for those Severely Affected by Mental Illness
Authors: Healy Laura C. , Benkwitz Adam , McVinnie Zoe , Sarkar Mustafa , Islin Mel , Brinded Andy , Dodge B. , Opacic Sofija , Swithenbank Zoe , Ranasinghe Shanika , Oliver Jennie , Karanika-Murray Maria , Nevill Mary E.
Published: January 2023

Despite a growing evidence base on the effectiveness of community-based physical activity interventions for mental health, there is a lack of studies that focus on those affected by severe mental illness (SMI), who often experience poorer physical health, and are less physically active than the wider population. The use of peer support groups in this context is also understudied, despite benefits being documented in other contexts. This study examined the impact and process of a nationwide project to embed physical activity into peer support groups for those affected by SMI. Following the embedding of physical activity within peer support groups, interviews and focus groups were conducted to explore the experiences of those involved with the project and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. The key findings related to: 1) the social aspects of embedding physical activity in the groups; 2) the focus on peer support and informal physical activity (rather than organised sport) being beneficial; 3) doing things differently and lessons to learn; and 4) the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, we found that peer support is an important feature to include in projects encouraging those severely affected by mental illness to become more physically active.
Virtual Accessible Bilingual Conference Planning: The Parks Accessibility Conference
Authors: Whiting Alison , Sharma Yashoda , Grewal Manjit , Ghulam Zeyad , Sajid Waqas , Dewan Neha , Peladeau-Pigeon Melanie , Dutta Tilak
Published: January 2023

Virtual events have become more popular recently, and while these events have the potential to be inclusive to a broader range of attendees, there is limited information available on how to plan and deliver a virtual, accessible, and bilingual event. The objective of this paper is to share how our team planned and delivered a virtual conference that was fully bilingual and accessible to individuals with disabilities by incorporating closed captions, sign language interpretation, language interpretation (audio), regularly scheduled breaks, and a multi-sensory experience. We describe our approaches to planning the conference, such as including individuals with disabilities in decision-making, selecting virtual conference platforms, captioners, and interpreters, and how we incorporated a multi-sensory experience. The paper also summarizes feedback we received from our attendees using a post-conference evaluation survey and our team’s reflections on positive aspects of the conference and opportunities for improvement. We conclude by providing a set of practical recommendations that we feel may be helpful to others planning virtual accessible bilingual conferences in the future.
Determinant Factors of Post-Partum Contraception among Women during COVID-19 in West Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Rahayuwati Laili , Nurhidayah Ikeu , Ekawati Rindang , Agustina Habsyah Saparidah , Suhenda Dadang , Rosmawati Dean , Amelia Vira
Published: January 2023

Background: One of the manifestations of family development is pregnancy planning, where this method is applied 0–42 days after childbirth. Post-partum contraception is an effort to avoid pregnancy by using contraceptive medicine from 42 days to 84 days after childbirth. Purpose: This research aims to analyze the attitudes of fertile couples who use contraceptive devices after childbirth during the COVID-19 pandemic and the factors that influence it. Method: This research uses a quantitative method approach. The sampling technique was random sampling with proportional sampling so that 280 respondents were obtained from 3 regencies/cities in West Java with high fertility rates and low post-partum contraceptive participation rates. Quantitative data analysis used univariate, bivariate, and multivariate methods. Result: The results showed that the final model of the analysis of the most determining factors for post-partum contraception during a pandemic were family support, healthcare staff support, counselling with healthcare staff, attitudes, and age at first marriage. Conclusion: Fertile couples with the highest amount of family support are more likely to use post-partum contraceptive devices during COVID-19. The results of this study can be used as material for consideration in making decisions about post-partum contraception, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Spatial Heterogeneity and Scale Effects of Transportation Carbon Emission-Influencing Factors—An Empirical Analysis Based on 286 Cities in China
Authors: Wang Tao , Zhang Kai , Liu Keliang , Ding Keke , Qin Wenwen
Published: January 2023

In order to scientifically evaluate the characteristics and impact outcomes of transportation carbon emissions, this paper uses the panel statistics of 286 cities to measure transportation carbon emissions and analyze their spatial correlation characteristics. Afterwards, primarily based on the current research, a system of indicators for the impact factors of transportation carbon emissions was established. After that, ordinary least squares regression, geographically weighted regression, and multiscale geographically weighted regression models were used to evaluate and analyze the data, and the outcomes of the multiscale geographically weighted regression model were selected to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of the elements influencing transportation carbon emissions. The effects exhibit that: (1) The spatial characteristics of China’s transportation carbon emissions demonstrate that emissions are high in the east, low in the west, high in the north, and low in the south, with high-value areas concentrated in the central cities of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the Yangtze River Delta, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao region, and the Chengdu-Chongqing regions, and the low values concentrated in the Western Sichuan region, Yunnan, Guizhou, Qinghai, and Gansu. (2) The spatial heterogeneity of transportation carbon emissions is on the rise, but the patten of local agglomeration is obvious, showing a clear high-high clustering, and the spatial distribution of high-high agglomeration and low-low agglomeration is positively correlated, with high-high agglomeration concentrated in the eastern region and low-low agglomeration concentrated in the western region. (3) The effects of three variables—namely, GDP per capita, vehicle ownership, and road mileage—have a predominantly positive effect on transportation carbon emissions within the study area, while another three variables—namely, constant term, population density, and number of people employed in transportation industry—have different mechanisms of influence in different regions. Constant term, vehicle ownership, and road mileage have greater impacts on transportation carbon emissions.
Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation—Identifying Constructs for Increasing Physical Activity Behaviours in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Authors: Kite Chris , Atkinson Lou , McGregor Gordon , Clark Cain C. T. , Randeva Harpal S. , Kyrou Ioannis
Published: January 2023

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the commonest endocrinopathy in reproductive-aged women. Because increased adiposity is pivotal in the severity of PCOS-related symptoms, treatment usually incorporates increasing energy expenditure through physical activity (PA). This study aimed to understand the reasons why women with PCOS engage in PA/exercise, which could support the development of targeted behavioural interventions in this at-risk population. Validated questionnaires were administered for self-reported PA levels, quality of life, mental health, illness perception, sleep quality, and capability, opportunity, and motivation (COM) for PA. Using categorical PA data, outcomes were compared between groups; ordinal logistic regression (OLR) was used to identify whether COM could explain PA categorisation. A total of 333 participants were eligible; favourable differences were reported for body mass index, depression, mental wellbeing, self-rated health, illness perception, and insomnia severity for those reporting the highest PA levels. COM scores increased according to PA categorisation, whilst OLR identified conscious and automatic motivation as explaining the largest PA variance. The most active participants reported favourable data for most outcomes. However, determining whether health is protected by higher PA or ill health is a barrier to PA was not possible. These findings suggest that future behavioural interventions should be targeted at increasing patient motivation.
Comparison of Postoperative Recovery between Balanced and Total Intravenous Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass (OPCAB) Surgery: A Prospective, Single-Blind Randomized Study
Authors: Kang Dongho , Kim Minji , Bae Hong-Beom , Moon Seonho , Kim Joungmin
Published: January 2023

Recovery after anesthesia has a significant impact on a patient’s return to daily life. This study was performed to compare the postoperative quality of recovery according to the method of anesthesia administered among patients undergoing OPCAB using the Korean version of the Quality of Recovery-40 (QoR-40K) questionnaire. This single-blind, prospective study (trial number: KCT0004726) was performed using a population of 102 patients undergoing OPCAB under general anesthesia. The patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups using a computer-generated list: a total intravenous anesthesia group (Group T) and a balanced anesthesia group (Group B). The QoR-40K score was measured preoperatively and at 24 and 48 h after extubation. There was no significant difference in the QoR-40K scores between the groups at 24 and 48 h after extubation. In addition, there were no significant differences between groups with respect to any of the five dimensions of QoR-40K at 24 and 48 h after extubation. Finally, there were no differences in the postoperative opioid consumption, time to extubation, or length of hospital stay. In this study, there was no difference in the QoR-40K score at 24 h after extubation between Groups T and B. Therefore, both methods of anesthesia are suitable for use when performing OPCAB.
Alternative Careers toward Job Market Integration: Barriers Faced by International Medical Graduates in Canada
Authors: Turin Tanvir C. , Chowdhury Nashit , Lake Deidre
Published: January 2023

International Medical Graduates (IMGs), who completed their medical degree and training outside Canada constitute a notable portion of the skilled migrants of the country. However, due to a long and uncertain licensure process and limited opportunities many IMGs look for alternative career pathways where they can utilize their learned skills. Alternative careers in the health and wellness sector may offer such opportunities; however, IMGs’ success in these pathways were also less evident despite their high potential. In this study, we investigated the barriers that IMGs stated to face when attempting alternative jobs in Canada. Eight focus groups with 42 IMGs in Canada were conducted. Using a thematic analysis approach, we identified that IMGs encounter these barriers in different stages of their resettlement journey in Canada, including both the pre-migration and post-migration phases. In the pre-migration phase, IMGs were not aware of the success rates of the licensing pathways and did not have sufficient information regarding potential alternative careers. In the post-migration phase, the lack of information continues to affect IMGs where IMGs exhaust their resources pursuing alternative careers without proper guidance and support. Further, IMGs struggle with taking preparation for alternative careers by obtaining further certifications and completing other prerequisites for some barriers, such as financial constraints. While looking for jobs, some IMGs perceived systemic discrimination such as non-recognition of their credentials and experience. Furthermore, the mismatch of expectations and limited growth opportunities offered by potential careers serve to disincentivize IMGs from pursuing an alternative career. Addressing the current employment inequity experienced by IMGs in Canada warrants research collaborations between organizations supporting IMGs and policymakers that target known barriers to the pursuit of alternative careers by IMGs.
Workshop Report: Catalyzing Knowledge-Driven Discovery in Environmental Health Sciences through a Harmonized Language
Authors: Holmgren Stephanie , Bell Shannon M. , Wignall Jessica , Duncan Christopher G. , Kwok Richard K. , Cronk Ryan , Osborn Kimberly , Black Steven , Thessen Anne , Schmitt Charles
Published: January 2023

Harmonized language is essential to finding, sharing, and reusing large-scale, complex data. Gaps and barriers prevent the adoption of harmonized language approaches in environmental health sciences (EHS). To address this, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and partners created the Environmental Health Language Collaborative (EHLC). The purpose of EHLC is to facilitate a community-driven effort to advance the development and adoption of harmonized language approaches in EHS. EHLC is a forum to pinpoint language harmonization gaps, to facilitate the development of, raise awareness of, and encourage the use of harmonization approaches and tools, and to develop new standards and recommendations. To ensure that EHLC’s focus and structure would be sustainable long-term and meet the needs of the field, EHLC launched an inaugural workshop in September 2021 focused on “Developing Sustainable Language Solutions” and “Building a Sustainable Community”. When the attendees were surveyed, 91% said harmonized language solutions would be of high value/benefit, and 60% agreed to continue contributing to EHLC efforts. Based on workshop discussions, future activities will focus on targeted collaborative use-case working groups in addition to offering education and training on ontologies, metadata, and standards, and developing an EHS language resource portal.
Patient Safety Culture in a Tertiary Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Segura-García María Teresa , Castro Vida María Ángeles , García-Martin Manuel , Álvarez-Ossorio-García de Soria Reyes , Cortés-Rodríguez Alda Elena , López-Rodríguez María Mar
Published: January 2023

Patient safety (PS) culture is the set of values and norms common to the individuals of an organization. Assessing the culture is a priority to improve the quality and PS of hospital services. This study was carried out in a tertiary hospital to analyze PS culture among the professionals and to determine the strengths and weaknesses that influence this perception. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out. The AHRQ Questionnaire on the Safety of Patients in Hospitals (SOPS) was used. A high perception of PS was found among the participants. In the strengths found, efficient teamwork, mutual help between colleagues and the support of the manager and head of the unit stood out. Among the weaknesses, floating professional templates, a perception of pressure and accelerated pace of work, and loss of relevant information on patient transfer between units and shift changes were observed. Among the areas for improvement detected were favoring feedback to front-line professionals, abandoning punitive measures and developing standardized tools that minimize the loss of information.
Mental Health and Personality Characteristics of University Students at Risk of Smartphone Overdependence
Authors: Seo Bo-Kyung , Hwang Yoobin , Cho Hyunseob
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to verify the relationship between the risk of smartphone dependence, mental health, and personality traits in university students using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF), and to identify the MMPI-2-RF scales that can predict the risk of smartphone dependence. Of the 772 university students who participated in the study, 163 were in the smartphone overdependence group, accounting for 21.1% of the total survey respondents, which was one in five of those surveyed. High T-scores on the measure indicate greater psychopathology. The smartphone overdependence group had significantly higher T-scores than the general user group on all but three of the MMPI-2-RF scales, and the degree of smartphone overdependence was positively correlated with scores on these scales. There was no difference between the dependent and non-dependent groups on the interpersonal passivity, aesthetic-literary interest, and aggression scales, and scores on these three were not correlated with smartphone dependence. Among the MMPI-2-RF scales, those found to predict the risk of smartphone overdependence were the emotional/internalizing problems, behavioral/externalizing problems, antisocial behavior, cognitive complaints, helplessness/hopelessness, inefficacy, juvenile conduct problems, aggression, interpersonal problems, disconstraint, negative emotionality/neuroticism, and introversion/low positive introversion/low positive emotionality scales. Based on these findings, we propose that effective prevention and intervention for smartphone overdependence must be comprehensive and holistic rather than focusing on specific aspects of mental health or personality. The implications of the findings are discussed.
An Evaluation Approach of Community Emergency Management Ability Based on Cone-ANP
Authors: Wang Kai , Feng Yuanyuan , Deng Jun , Su Chang , Li Quanfang
Published: January 2023

In order to improve the emergency management ability of urban communities in response to emergencies and reduce the losses caused by emergencies, based on the method of Cone-Analytic Network Process (Cone-ANP), a whole-process community emergency management ability evaluation method was proposed. Using around 25 evaluation indexes from six dimensions, namely infrastructure resilience, community organization resilience, risk management, emergency material support, emergency force building, and emergency literacy, this method established the dominant relationship of each index by the analysis of the cone network structure. It determined the community safety culture construction as the cone-top element, and obtained the limit weight vector of all the evaluation indexes by expert evaluation. The membership degree of each index was calculated to quantify the evaluation results of community emergency management ability. The results could provide a guidance and reference basis for community emergency management.
Association between Air Pollution and Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior among Adults Aged 60 Years or Older in China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zhan Bing , Wang Qiurui , Zhou Zhixiong , Li Xiaotian , Yu Hongjun , Li Bingzhao , Liao Mingxia
Published: January 2023

Background: Exposure to air pollution is associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in older adults. Promoting physical activity (PA) and avoiding sedentary behavior (SB) serve as key strategies to maintain and improve human health. However, ambient air pollution can adversely affect PA and SB, increasing the risks of health problems. This study aimed to visualize national spatial patterns of average AQI concentration, PA, and SB distributions and to examine the associations between air pollution and PA and SB in a national sample of Chinese older adults aged 60 years or older. Methods: We analyzed the data of the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey 2020 (CLASS 2020), which sampled 11,399 older men and women from 30 cities in China. Moderate, vigorous, and light PA and SB were measured using the Chinese version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-C). The environmental measures included the average hourly air quality index (AQI), PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 (µg/m3). The data were analyzed using multivariable linear regression. Results: Increases in the standard deviations (±SD) of AQI, PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 concentrations were associated with decreases in MVPA per week of −2.34 (95%CI = −3.36, −1.32), −2.58 (95%CI = −3.61, −1.55), −1.96 (95%CI = −3.05, −0.08), and −1.19 (95%CI = −2.06, −0.31) and decreases in LPA per week of −6.06 (95%CI = −7.15, −4.97), −4.86 (95%CI = −5.88, −3.85), −4.78 (95%CI = −5.89, −3.68), and −4.59 (95%CI = −5.57, −3.61) h/week, respectively. Increases in one SD of AQI, PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 were associated with increases in SB per week of 1.32 (95%CI = 0.77, 1.88), 0.62 (95%CI = 0.09, 1.14), 1.03 (95%CI = 0.48, 1.59), and 0.98 (95%CI = 0.46, 1.49) h/week, respectively. Conclusions: The spatial distributions of the average AQI concentration, MVPA, LPA, and SB are useful and allow environmental and health policymakers to identify the areas with the highest priority air pollution environmental equality concerns. AQI was positively associated with MVPA and LPA, and it was negatively associated with SB among older adults. AQI, PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 were hardly associated with women’s average time spent engaged in MVPA. Region-specific and multi-level health policy options are needed to reduce ambient air pollution by taking different types of pollutants into account in order to avoid changes in PA and SB in this population, especially in locations with high air pollution concentrations.
Juvenile Homicide Offenders: Factors in Desistance after Incarceration
Authors: Khachatryan Norair , Heide Kathleen M.
Published: January 2023

While several prior studies have examined the prevalence and predictors of recidivism among juvenile homicide offenders (JHOs), much less scholarly attention has been devoted to exploring the post-release factors that influence JHOs to desist from criminal behavior. Given relatively recent rulings by the U.S. Supreme Court, individuals who commit homicide offenses as juveniles are less likely to spend the rest of their lives in prison. Accordingly, it is important to understand the factors associated with desistance in the post-incarceration lives of JHOs. The present study was designed to assess the effects of post-release factors on JHOs’ recidivism outcomes, using a sample of 19 male JHOs from a southeastern U.S. state who were convicted as adults and sentenced to serve time in prison in the 1980s. These men were interviewed approximately 35 years after their original homicide offense about their adjustment to life in prison and after release, as well as their reasons for engaging in criminal behavior during adolescence. Thematic qualitative analysis was used to identify the post-release factors that were prevalent in the lives of the JHOs who desisted from crime. These five factors included avoiding old neighborhood and friends, positive intimate relationship, stable employment, human agency, and generativity. The implications of the findings for the prevention of recidivism among JHOs, as well as avenues for future research, are discussed.
Cognitive and Mood Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid Supplementation in a Nonclinical Elder Sample: An Open-Label Pilot Study
Authors: Basile Gianpaolo Antonio , Iannuzzo Fiammetta , Xerra Francesco , Genovese Giovanni , Pandolfo Gianluca , Cedro Clemente , Muscatello Maria Rosaria Anna , Bruno Antonio
Published: January 2023

Background: Memory disorders are common among elder people, and nonclinical cognitive decline is commonly experienced with age. Preclinical investigations have explored the possible role of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), a known antioxidant compound abundant in vegetables and animal tissues, in reducing oxidative stress in the aging brain and preventing cognitive decline. However, clinical evidence is limited, and the few existing results are contrasting. In addition, while most of the existing trials have been focused on the effects of ALA administration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or other types of dementia, studies evaluating its effects on nonclinical elder population are still missing. Methods: In the present open-label, pilot study, fifteen elder patients (mean age: 84.5 ± 5.77) received ALA at a daily dose of 600 mg/day for 12 weeks. General cognitive function, executive function, and mood symptom assessment were carried out at baseline and at the endpoint. Results: Overall, ALA administration was generally well-tolerated (only one dropout due to gastrointestinal side effects). However, no statistically significant effects either on cognitive function, executive function, or mood were found. Conclusions: Despite several limitations, our study found no evidence of positive effects on cognition and mood after ALA administration in elder people without the diagnosis of AD or cognitive impairment. Further clinical trials are needed to better investigate ALA effectiveness on cognition and mood in elder subjects.
Measured Air Flow Leakage in Facemask Usage
Authors: Larsen Poul S. , Heebøll John , Meyer Knud Erik
Published: January 2023

The importance of wearing a facemask during a pandemic has been widely discussed, and a number of studies have been undertaken to provide evidence of a reduced infectious virus dose because of wearing facemasks. Here, one aspect that has received little attention is the fraction of breathing flow that is not filtered because it passes as leak flow between the mask and face. Its reduction would be beneficial in reducing the dose response. The results of the present study include the filter material pressure loss parameters, pressure distributions under masks, and the fraction of breathing flow leaked versus steady breathing flow in the range of 5 to 30 L min−1, for two commonly used facemasks mounted on mannequins, in the usual ‘casual’ way and in a ‘tight’ way by means of three different fitters placed over the mask to improve the seals. For the ‘casual’ mount, leaks were high: 83% to 99% for both masks at both exhalation and inhalation flows. For the ‘tight’ mount with different fitters, the masks showed different lower levels in the range of 18 to 66% of leakage, which, for exhalation, were nearly independent of flow rate, while for inhalation, were decreasing with increasing rates of respiration flows, probably because suction improved the sealing. In practice, masks are worn in a ‘casual’ mount, which would imply that nearly all contagious viruses found in aerosols small enough to follow air streams would be exhaled to and inhaled from the ambient air.
COVID-19 Mortality in the Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine Biobank
Authors: Brice Amanda N. , Vanderlinden Lauren A. , Marker Katie M. , Mayer David , Lin Meng , Rafaels Nicholas , Shortt Jonathan A. , Romero Alex , Lowery Jan T. , Gignoux Christopher R. , Johnson Randi K.
Published: January 2023

Over 6.37 million people have died from COVID-19 worldwide, but factors influencing COVID-19-related mortality remain understudied. We aimed to describe and identify risk factors for COVID-19 mortality in the Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine (CCPM) Biobank using integrated data sources, including Electronic Health Records (EHRs). We calculated cause-specific mortality and case-fatality rates for COVID-19 and common pre-existing health conditions defined by diagnostic phecodes and encounters in EHRs. We performed multivariable logistic regression analyses of the association between each pre-existing condition and COVID-19 mortality. Of the 155,859 Biobank participants enrolled as of July 2022, 20,797 had been diagnosed with COVID-19. Of 5334 Biobank participants who had died, 190 were attributed to COVID-19. The case-fatality rate was 0.91% and the COVID-19 mortality rate was 122 per 100,000 persons. The odds of dying from COVID-19 were significantly increased among older men, and those with 14 of the 61 pre-existing conditions tested, including hypertensive chronic kidney disease (OR: 10.14, 95% CI: 5.48, 19.16) and type 2 diabetes with renal manifestations (OR: 5.59, 95% CI: 3.42, 8.97). Male patients who are older and have pre-existing kidney diseases may be at higher risk for death from COVID-19 and may require special care.