bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Match of psychosocial risk and psychosocial care in families of a child with cancer
Authors: Sint Nicolaas S.M. , Schepers S.A. , van den Bergh E.M.M. , de Boer Y. , Streng I. , van Dijk‐Lokkart E.M. , Grootenhuis M.A. , Verhaak C.M.
Published: September 2017

Objective

The Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT) was developed to screen for psychosocial risk, aimed to be supportive in directing psychosocial care to families of a child with cancer. This study aimed to determine (i) the match between PAT risk score and provided psychosocial care with healthcare professionals blind to outcome of PAT assessment, and (ii) the match between PAT risk score and team risk estimation.

Methods

Eighty‐three families of children with cancer from four pediatric oncology centers in the Netherlands participated (59% response rate). The PAT and team risk estimation was assessed at diagnosis (M = 40.2 days, SD = 14.1 days), and the content of provided psychosocial care in the 5‐month period thereafter resulting in basic or specialized care.

Results

According to the PAT, 65% of families were defined as having low (universal), 30% medium (targeted), and 5% high (clinical) risk for developing psychosocial problems. Thirty percent of patients from universal group got basic psychosocial care, 63% got specialized care, and 7% did not get any care. Fourteen percent of the families at risk got basic care, 86% got specialized care. Team risk estimations and PAT risk scores matched with 58% of the families.

Conclusions

This study showed that families at risk, based on standardized risk assessment with the PAT, received more specialized care than families without risk. However, still 14% of the families with high risks only received basic care, and 63% of the families with standard risk got specialized care. Standardized risk assessment can be used as part of comprehensive care delivery, complementing the team.
Structural basis for binding and transfer of heme in bacterial heme‐acquisition systems
Authors: Naoe Youichi , Nakamura Nozomi , Rahman Md. Mahfuzur , Tosha Takehiko , Nagatoishi Satoru , Tsumoto Kouhei , Shiro Yoshitsugu , Sugimoto Hiroshi
Published: September 2017

Periplasmic heme‐binding proteins (PBPs) in Gram‐negative bacteria are components of the heme acquisition system. These proteins shuttle heme across the periplasmic space from outer membrane receptors to ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) heme importers located in the inner‐membrane. In the present study, we characterized the structures of PBPs found in the pathogen Burkholderia cenocepacia (BhuT) and in the thermophile Roseiflexus sp. RS‐1 (RhuT) in the heme‐free and heme‐bound forms. The conserved motif, in which a well‐conserved Tyr interacts with the nearby Arg coordinates on heme iron, was observed in both PBPs. The heme was recognized by its surroundings in a variety of manners including hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds, which was confirmed by isothermal titration calorimetry. Furthermore, this study of 3 forms of BhuT allowed the first structural comparison and showed that the heme‐binding cleft of BhuT adopts an “open” state in the heme‐free and 2‐heme‐bound forms, and a “closed” state in the one‐heme‐bound form with unique conformational changes. Such a conformational change might adjust the interaction of the heme(s) with the residues in PBP and facilitate the transfer of the heme into the translocation channel of the importer.
Barriers to adopting inherently safer design philosophy in Iran
Authors: Jafari Mohammad Javad , Nourai Farshad , Pouyakian Mostafa , Torabi Seyed Ali , Rafiee Miandashti Masoud , Mohammadi Heidar
Published: September 2017

Inherently safer design (ISD) is the best option to design of safer, cheaper, healthier, and more economic process plants, although this situation of its implementation in the real cases is not satisfying as it should be. This study aimed at explore the barriers influencing adopting ISD philosophy in Iran as a developing country with high potential development in process industries. In this qualitative study, a total of 47 experts—process designers and process safety engineers working in the oil, gas, petrochemical, and chemical manufacturing industries of Iran—participated, and data were gathered through a semiconstructed interview. Data analysis was conducted using the deductive content analysis method. Five categories and 21 subcategories were identified as barriers to the adoption of ISD in Iran, including organization‐related barriers (eight factors), inherent‐safety‐related barriers (three factors), legal‐ and regulation‐related barriers (four factors), technology‐related barriers (three factors), and academic‐related barriers (three factors). This study revealed that there are several barriers to the adoption of ISD philosophy in Iran, and negligence to address these barriers can negatively affect such adoption. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 37: 221–229, 2018
A HAZOP gap query approach for hazard assessment in multiproduct facilities
Authors: Torres James , Ashley Nick
Published: September 2017

Batch, multiproduct chemical processing facilities present special challenges for conducting thorough hazard assessments. New or improved methods are needed to perform quality hazard analyses while reducing time and resource demands on facility personnel. A technique has been developed to expand traditional hazard and operability (HAZOP) methodology to include additional parameters for process operational intent, chemicals, and affected upstream/downstream equipment. Integrated Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA) is applied to assess existing or proposed Independent Protection Layers, and compare resulting mitigated risk to risk criteria limits. The HAZOP for each unit then becomes a baseline hazard assessment, to which subsequent processes can be compared, without having to repeat the full HAZOP for each new process. For new products, a process intent template is completed by selecting the chemicals and equipment to be used, as well as the unit operations and conditions for each step in a semibatch process. The unit HAZOP file is queried using programmed search logic to identify matching process intent/equipment/chemicals parameters that were considered during the base HAZOP. A condensed Process Hazard Review is conducted to review the results, ensure identified items are applicable to the proposed new process, and evaluate new items that were not previously covered under the base HAZOP. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 37: 161–168, 2018
Studying the Progression of Amyloid Pathology and Its Therapy Using Translational Longitudinal Model of Accumulation and Distribution of Amyloid Beta
Authors: Karelina Tatiana , Demin Oleg , Demin Oleg , Duvvuri Sridhar , Nicholas Timothy
Published: September 2017

Long‐term effects of amyloid targeted therapy can be studied using a mechanistic translational model of amyloid beta (Aβ) distribution and aggregation calibrated on published data in mouse and human species. Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology is modeled utilizing age‐dependent pathological evolution for rate constants and several variants of explicit functions for Aβ toxicity influencing cognitive outcomes (Adas‐cog). Preventive Aβ targeted therapies were simulated to minimize the Aβ difference from healthy physiological levels. Therapeutic targeted simulations provided similar predictions for mouse and human studies. Our model predicts that: (1) at least 1 year (2 years for preclinical AD) of treatment is needed to observe cognitive effects; (2) under the hypothesis with functional importance of Aβ, a 15% decrease in Aβ (using an imaging biomarker) is related to 15–20% cognition improvement by immunotherapy. Despite negative outcomes in clinical trials, Aβ continues to remain a prospective target demanding careful assessment of mechanistic effect and duration of trial design.
Order priors for Bayesian network discovery with an application to malware phylogeny
Authors: Oyen Diane , Anderson Blake , Sentz Kari , Anderson‐Cook Christine
Published: September 2017

Bayesian networks have been used extensively to model and discover dependency relationships among sets of random variables. We learn Bayesian network structure with a combination of human knowledge about thepartial orderingof variables and statistical inference of conditional dependencies from observed data. Our approach leverages complementary information from human knowledge and inference from observed data to produce networks that reflect human beliefs about the system as well as to fit the observed data. Applying prior beliefs about partial orderings of variables is an approach distinctly different from existing methods that incorporate prior beliefs about direct dependencies (or edges) in a Bayesian network. We provide an efficient implementation of the partial‐order prior in a Bayesian structure discovery learning algorithm, as well as an edge prior, showing that both priors meet the local modularity requirement necessary for an efficient Bayesian discovery algorithm. In benchmark studies, the partial‐order prior improves the accuracy of Bayesian network structure learning as well as the edge prior, even though order priors are more general. Our primary motivation is in characterizing the evolution of families of malware to aid cyber security analysts. For the problem of malware phylogeny discovery, we find that our algorithm, compared to existing malware phylogeny algorithms, more accurately discovers true dependencies that are missed by other algorithms.
Phenology: plants and animals as meteorological sensors
Authors: Strangeways Ian
Published: September 2017

Phenology is the science of observing the response of plants and animals to changes in the weather and climate. Gilbert White, William Markwick and Robert Marsham pioneered this field of study 200 years ago. This article looks at their work, at recent analysis of their observations and at new, present‐day work on phenology.
Population Responses of the Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) to Land Use Changes in the Agricultural Landscapes of Ohio, USA
Authors: Smith Olivia M.
Published: September 2017

Conversion of natural land cover to agriculture is one of the primary threats to biodiversity worldwide. The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and woodlot edge enhancement are two tools used in the United States to provide habitat to wildlife that otherwise have little usable space in intensively agricultural landscapes. CRP provides payments to agricultural producers to replant environmentally sensitive cropland, marginal pasture land, or grassland to conservation practices. The northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) is a rapidly declining bird associated with farmland habitat and is often managed for using CRP and woodlot edge enhancement. I studied bobwhites from 2008 to 2010 and 2012–2014 in Brown and Highland Counties, Ohio to document the effects of loss of CRP contracts and addition of woodlot edge enhancement on the rate of change in bobwhite abundance using whistle count surveys. CRP was a strong predictor of bobwhite abundance while woodlot edge enhancement had low predictive power when accounting for loss of CRP. From these results, I tentatively conclude loss of CRP may have significant impacts on this imperiled species, and addition of CRP should be targeted by conservation agencies over woodlot edge enhancement.
Adulteration and Presence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Extra Virgin Olive Oil Sold on the Brazilian Market
Authors: Tfouni Silvia Amelia Verdiani , Reis Raquel Magalhães , Amaro Natani de Paula Lima , Pascoal Camila Regina , de Camargo Mônica Cristiane Rojo , Baggio Sueli Regina , Rauen‐Miguel Ana Maria , Furlani Regina Prado Zanes
Published: September 2017

Seventy samples sold in the Brazilian market as extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) were evaluated for the presence of the 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) classified as carcinogenic and genotoxic by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), to verify if the products were adulterated and to evaluate if there is a correlation between PAH presence and adulteration. PAH were detected in 93% of the samples, with summed levels varying from not detected to 41.10 μg/kg. Five samples showed BaP concentration above acceptable levels set by European legislation and by Brazilian regulation (2.0 μg/kg) and 7 presented PAH4 levels above the limit set by European legislation (10.0 µg/kg). The levels of fatty acid composition, sterols content, stigmastadiene and specific extinction did not comply with both Brazilian and International Olive Council (IOC) standards in 18, 31, 30 and 21% of the samples, respectively. The tolerance levels for these analyses in the Brazilian standards are 55.0–83.0 g/100 g (oleic acid), 3.5–21.0 g/100 g (linoleic acid), ≤0.05 g/100 g (trans‐oleic acid), ≤0.05 g/100 g (trans‐linoleic +trans‐linolenic acid), ≤0.15 mg/kg (stigmastadiene), ≤2.50 (K232), ≤0.22 (K270), ≤0.01 (∆K), 1000–1600 mg/kg (Σ sterols). Results indicate that 19 samples were adulterated. According to principal component analysis, samples were distinguished as: (1) EVOO with addition of vegetable oil from another source, (2) EVOO with addition of refined oil and (3) samples possibly not adulterated. The variable ΣPAH was related mainly to samples of EVOO with addition of vegetable oil from another source.
Lifetime and shelf life of sealed tritium-filled plasma focus chambers with gas generator
Authors: Lemeshko B.D. , Dulatov A.K. , Mikhailov Yu V. , Prokuratov I.A. , Selifanov A.N. , Fatiev T.S. , Andreev V.G.
Published: September 2017

The paper describes the operation features of plasma focus chambers using deuterium–tritium mixture. Handling tritium requires the use of sealed, vacuum-tight plasma focus chambers. In these chambers, there is an accumulation of the impurity gases released from the inside surfaces of the electrodes and the insulator while moving plasma current sheath inside chambers interacting with β-electrons generated due to the decay of tritium. Decay of tritium is also accompanied by the accumulation of helium. Impurities lead to a decreased yield of neutron emission from plasma focus chambers, especially for long term operation. The paper presents an option of absorption type gas generator in the chamber based on porous titanium, which allows to significantly increase the lifetime and shelf life of tritium chambers. It also shows the results of experiments on the comparison of the operation of sealed plasma focus chambers with and without the gas generator.
Contact distribution in a thinned Boolean model with power-law radii
Authors: Dong Yinghua , Samorodnitsky Gennady
Published: September 2017

We consider a weighted stationary spherical Boolean model in ℝd to which a Matérn-type thinning is applied. Assuming that the radii of the balls in the Boolean model have regularly varying tails, we establish the asymptotic behavior of the tail of the contact distribution of the thinned germ–grain model under four different thinning procedures of the original model.
The Gini index of random trees with an application to caterpillars
Authors: Balaji Hrishikesh , Mahmoud Hosam
Published: September 2017

We propose two distance-based topological indices (level index and Gini index) as measures of disparity within a single tree and within tree classes. The level index and the Gini index of a single tree are measures of balance within the tree. On the other hand, the Gini index for a class of random trees can be used as a comparative measure of balance between tree classes. We establish a general expression for the level index of a tree. We compute the Gini index for two random classes of caterpillar trees and see that a random multinomial model of trees with finite height has a countable number of limits in [0, ⅓], whereas a model with independent level numbers fills the spectrum (0, ⅓].
Improved availability bounds for binary and multistate monotone systems with independent component processes
Authors: Gåsemyr Jørund , Natvig Bent
Published: September 2017

Multistate monotone systems are used to describe technological or biological systems when the system itself and its components can perform at different operationally meaningful levels. This generalizes the binary monotone systems used in standard reliability theory. In this paper we consider the availabilities of the system in an interval, i.e. the probabilities that the system performs above the different levels throughout the whole interval. In complex systems it is often impossible to calculate these availabilities exactly, but if the component performance processes are independent, it is possible to construct lower bounds based on the component availabilities to the different levels over the interval. In this paper we show that by treating the component availabilities over the interval as if they were availabilities at a single time point, we obtain an improved lower bound. Unlike previously given bounds, the new bound does not require the identification of all minimal path or cut vectors.
Almost stochastic dominance under inconsistent utility and loss functions
Authors: Luo Chunling , He Zhou , Tan Chin Hon
Published: September 2017

Current literature on stochastic dominance assumes utility/loss functions to be the same across random variables. However, decision models with inconsistent utility functions have been proposed in the literature. The use of inconsistent loss functions when comparing between two random variables can also be appropriate under other problem settings. In this paper we generalize almost stochastic dominance to problems with inconsistent utility/loss functions. In particular, we propose a set of conditions that is necessary and sufficient for clear preferences when the utility/loss functions are allowed to vary across different random variables.
On generalized max-linear models in max-stable random fields
Authors: Falk Michael , Zott Maximilian
Published: September 2017

In practice, it is not possible to observe a whole max-stable random field. Therefore, we propose a method to reconstruct a max-stable random field in C([0, 1]k) by interpolating its realizations at finitely many points. The resulting interpolating process is again a max-stable random field. This approach uses a generalized max-linear model. Promising results have been established in the k = 1 case of Falk et al. (2015). However, the extension to higher dimensions is not straightforward since we lose the natural order of the index space.
Absolute continuity of distributions of one-dimensional Lévy processes
Authors: Chang Tongkeun
Published: September 2017

In this paper we study the existence of Lebesgue densities of one-dimensional Lévy processes. Equivalently, we show the absolute continuity of the distributions of one-dimensional Lévy processes. Compared with the previous literature, we consider Lévy processes with Lévy symbols of a logarithmic behavior at ∞.
On the threshold strategies in optimal stopping problems for diffusion processes
Authors: Arkin Vadim , Slastnikov Alexander
Published: September 2017

We study a problem when the optimal stopping for a one-dimensional diffusion process is generated by a threshold strategy. Namely, we give necessary and sufficient conditions (on the diffusion process and the payoff function) under which a stopping set has a threshold structure.
ON EXISTENCE OF CANONICAL -BASES
Authors: HOFFMANN DANIEL MAX
Published: September 2017

We describe a general method for expanding a truncated$G$-iterative Hasse–Schmidt derivation, where$G$is an algebraic group. We give examples of algebraic groups for which our method works.
Process measures or patient reported experience measures (PREMs) for comparing performance across providers? A study of measures related to access and continuity in Swedish primary care
Authors: Glenngård Anna H. , Anell Anders
Published: September 2017

Aim

To study (a) the covariation between patient reported experience measures (PREMs) and registered process measures of access and continuity when ranking providers in a primary care setting, and (b) whether registered process measures or PREMs provided more or less information about potential linkages between levels of access and continuity and explaining variables.

Background

Access and continuity are important objectives in primary care. They can be measured through registered process measures or PREMs. These measures do not necessarily converge in terms of outcomes. Patient views are affected by factors not necessarily reflecting quality of services. Results from surveys are often uncertain due to low response rates, particularly in vulnerable groups. The quality of process measures, on the other hand, may be influenced by registration practices and are often more easy to manipulate. With increased transparency and use of quality measures for management and governance purposes, knowledge about the pros and cons of using different measures to assess the performance across providers are important.

Methods

Four regression models were developed with registered process measures and PREMs of access and continuity as dependent variables. Independent variables were characteristics of providers as well as geographical location and degree of competition facing providers. Data were taken from two large Swedish county councils.

Findings

Although ranking of providers is sensitive to the measure used, the results suggest that providers performing well with respect to one measure also tended to perform well with respect to the other. As process measures are easier and quicker to collect they may be looked upon as the preferred option. PREMs were better than process measures when exploring factors that contributed to variation in performance across providers in our study; however, if the purpose of comparison is continuous learning and development of services, a combination of PREMs and registered measures may be the preferred option. Above all, our findings points towards the importance of a pre-analysis of the measures in use; to explore the pros and cons if measures are used for different purposes before they are put into practice.
Grain Sorghum and Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Response to Herbicide Programs and Agronomic Practices
Authors: Besançon Thierry E. , Heiniger Ronnie W. , Weisz Randy , Everman Wesley J.
Published: September 2017

Weed control remains a major challenge for economically viable grain sorghum production in the southeastern United States due to crop sensitivity to weed competition during early growth stages. Field experiments were conducted in 2012 and 2013 to determine the effects of grain sorghum row spacing, population density, and herbicide programs on Palmer amaranth control, crop growth, and grain yield. Treatments included row spacings of 19, 38, and 76 cm; grain sorghum population densities of 99,000, 198,000, 297,000, and 396,000 plants ha−1; and three herbicide programs: (1) a nontreated control, (2)S-metolachlor at 1,410 g ai ha−1plus atrazine at 1,820 g ha−1PRE, and (3)S-metolachlor at 1,070 g ha−1plus atrazine at 1,380 g ha−1PRE followed by 2,4 D at 330 g ha−1POST. Palmer amaranth control benefited from the addition of a POST herbicide and from crop density ≥297,000 plants ha−1. Under weedy conditions, Palmer amaranth density was not affected by narrower row spacing or increased crop density, whereas its dry biomass was reduced by 33% with 19 and 38 compared to 76 cm rows, and by 43% with ≥297,000 vs 99,000 plants ha−1. Row spacing had no effect on light interception by the crop canopy. However, crop density influenced canopy closure with maximum light interception occurring one and a half weeks earlier for density ≥297,000 plants ha−1. Yield increased by 18% for 19 vs 38 and 76 cm rows, whereas grain crop density had no effect. Overall, these results indicate that the combination of row spacing≤30 cm and crop density ≥297,000 plants ha−1provided at least 97% Palmer amaranth control in the absence of POST application and reduced its biomass by 32% in nontreated plots compared to 76 cm row spacing and crop density≤198,000 plants ha−1.
Dissoziative Amnesie und Migration
Authors: Staniloiu Angelica , Wahl-Kordon Andreas , Markowitsch Hans J.
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung. Dissoziative Amnesie verläuft unter Umständen chronisch und kann zu lebenslanger Arbeitsunfähigkeit führen. Die Krankheit tritt gehäuft im Zusammenhang mit Migration auf und verläuft dann schwerer als in anderen Fällen. Sie ist im Grunde reversibel, d. h., der Abruf der Gedächtnisinhalte ist nur blockiert. Betroffen sind Patienten, die nicht verarbeitete Stress- und Traumaerlebnisse als Hintergrund haben und dann ein erneutes Stresserlebnis erfahren, welches zum dissoziativen Amnesiezustand führt. Es wird postuliert, dass in erster Linie Patienten betroffen sind, die im neuen Heimatland nicht ausreichend und ihrem Anspruch entsprechend Fuß fassen konnten. Mangelnde Sprachkenntnisse und eine nicht den Erwartungen entsprechende neue Arbeitssituation sind am ehesten als Gründe anzuführen.
Stationäre Eltern-Kind-Behandlung
Authors: Fritz Lisa-Marina , Domin Sabine , Thies Annekatrin , Yang Julia , Stolle Martin , Fricke Christian , Petermann Franz
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung. Psychisch erkrankte Eltern erleben mehr elterlichen Stress als psychisch gesunde Eltern. Elterliche psychische Erkrankungen sowie elterlicher Stress sind mit ungünstigen Erziehungspraktiken assoziiert. Kinder psychisch erkrankter Eltern haben ein erhöhtes Risiko, ebenfalls psychisch zu erkranken. Psychische Auffälligkeiten des Kindes und das elterliche Stresserleben beeinflussen sich wiederum wechselseitig. Komplexe Maßnahmen erscheinen notwendig, die die elterliche psychische Erkrankung, die elterliche Stressbelastung, psychische Erkrankungen des Kindes und die Eltern-Kind-Interaktion gleichermaßen berücksichtigen. Das Eltern-Kind-Projekt des Ev. Krankenhauses Alsterdorf in Hamburg bietet im Verbund mit dem Werner Otto Institut ein stationäres Behandlungsprogramm, in dem psychisch erkrankte Elternteile und ihr ebenfalls psychisch erkranktes Kind gemeinsam aufgenommen werden. Für diese psychisch erkrankten Elternteile wurde das Gruppenprogramm SEEK (Seelische Erkrankungen, Eltern und Kinder) entwickelt, das die Themen Elternschaft und psychische Erkrankung behandelt. Eine klinische Gruppe (N = 28) nahm während ihres stationären Aufenthaltes zusätzlich zum üblichen Behandlungsprogramm am Gruppenprogramm SEEK teil, eine Vergleichsgruppe (N = 26) durchlief das übliche Behandlungsprogramm. Die elterliche Stressbelastung wurde zu Beginn und am Ende des stationären Aufenthaltes in beiden Gruppen anhand des Eltern-Belastungs-Inventars (EBI) sowie zwei selbst entwickelter Items erhoben. Elterliche psychische Symptome wurden zu Beginn und am Ende des stationären Aufenthaltes in beiden Gruppen anhand der Hopkins-Symptom-Checkliste-25 (HSCL-25) erfasst. Die Ergebnisse zeigen die hohe Belastung der Elternteile in dieser Stichprobe. Am Ende des stationären Aufenthaltes waren in beiden Gruppen die elterliche Stressbelastung sowie die psychische Belastung signifikant reduziert: In der klinischen Gruppe reduzierte sich die mittlere Belastung im Elternbereich (EBI) von M = 81.82 auf M = 74.39, in der Vergleichsgruppe von M = 80.85 auf M = 74.92. Die mittlere Belastung im Kindbereich (EBI) verringerte sich in der klinischen Gruppe von M = 68.75 auf M = 63.04, in der Vergleichsgruppe von M = 74.65 auf M = 68.15. Die mittlere Symptombelastung im Bereich Angst (HSCL-25) reduzierte sich in der klinischen Gruppe von M = 21.25 auf M = 18.71, in der Vergleichsgruppe von M = 20.88 auf M = 17.69. Im Bereich Depression (HSCL-25) verringerte sich die mittlere Symptombelastung in der klinischen Gruppe von M = 33.57 auf M = 28.50, in der Vergleichsgruppe von M = 33.27 auf M = 25.96. Jedoch ergaben sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede in der elterlichen Stressbelastung und in der psychischen Belastung zwischen den Gruppen.
Wie beeinflusst Mobbing im Beruf Arbeitsmotivation und die psychische Gesundheit?
Authors: Kessemeier Franziska , Petermann Franz , de Vries Ulrike , Walter Franziska , Stöckler Christiane , Bassler Markus , Kobelt Axel
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung. Ein wichtiges Ziel medizinischer Rehabilitation ist, berufliche Probleme zu identifizieren und den Patienten Maßnahmen zukommen zu lassen, die den Verbleib im Beruf sichern, bzw. die Wiedereingliederung erleichtern. Berufliche Problemlagen, die in diesem Zusammenhang in der Rehabilitation besondere Beachtung finden, sind lange Arbeitsunfähigkeitszeiten, Arbeitslosigkeit vor Antragstellung, laufende Rentenverfahren sowie eine negative subjektive Erwerbsprognose. Mobbing stellt in der rehabilitativen Praxis ein für den sozialmedizinischen Verlauf verkomplizierendes Problem mit hohem Leidensdruck für den Betroffenen dar. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, herauszustellen, welchen Einfluss Mobbing, zusammen mit anderen beruflichen Problemlagen, auf die psychosomatische Symptomatik und Arbeitsmotivation hat. Die Fragestellung wird an einer Gesamterhebung zweier psychosomatischer Fachkliniken (N = 8472) untersucht. 16.4 % aller Patienten erfüllten die durch die Trierer Mobbing-Kurz-Skala erfassten Kriterien für Mobbing. Die psychosomatische Symptomatik wurde mithilfe der Skalen „Somatoforme Beschwerden“, „Depressivität“ und „phobische Ängste“ des HEALTH-49 und die Arbeitsmotivation durch den DIAMO erfasst. Die Gesamtstichprobe wurde in vier Untergruppen unterteilt: „Patienten ohne Mobbing und ohne besondere berufliche Problemlagen (BBPL)“ (n = 2641), Patienten ohne Mobbing und mit besonderen beruflichen Problemlagen“ (n = 4440), „Patienten mit Mobbing undohne besondere berufliche Problemlagen“ (n = 288) und „Patienten mit Mobbing und mit besonderen beruflichen Problemlagen“ (n = 1103). Die Ergebnisse zeigten Mittelwertunterschiede sowohl hinsichtlich psychosomatischer als auch arbeitsmotivationaler Parameter zwischen den gebildeten Patientengruppen. Hierbei wurde deutlich, dass „Patienten ohne Mobbing und ohne besondere berufliche Problemlagen“ hinsichtlich aller Skalen am wenigsten belastet waren, gefolgt von „Patienten ohne Mobbing und mit besonderen beruflichen Problemlagen“. „Patienten mit Mobbing und ohne besondere berufliche Problemlagen“ und „Patienten mit Mobbing und mit besonderen beruflichen Problemlagen“ stellten die am stärksten belasteten Gruppen dar. Die vorliegende Arbeit verdeutlicht die Wirkung von Mobbing als Stressor, der sowohl auf die psychosomatische Symptomatik als auch auf die Arbeitsmotivation der Rehabilitanden Einfluss nimmt. Mobbingerleben sollte stärker als bisher als ein für die psychosomatische Rehabilitation relevantes berufliches Problem verstanden werden.
Adaptierte, stationäre Alptraumtherapie mit Imagery Rehearsal Therapy bei chronisch kriegstraumatisierten deutschen Soldaten mit PTBS
Authors: Alliger-Horn Christina , Zimmermann Peter , Herr Kerstin , Danker-Hopfe Heidi , Willmund Gerd
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung. Chronische Alpträume verursachen im Rahmen der kriegsbedingten Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS) bei Soldaten einen hohen Leidensdruck. Ihre Behandlung wurde bisher bei traumatisierten, deutschen Soldaten nicht untersucht. Die vorliegende Pilotstudie untersucht die Wirksamkeit einer adaptierten, standardisierten Imagery Rehearsal Therapy (IRT) unter stationären Bedingungen im komplementären Setting. 14 kriegstraumatisierte Soldaten mit Alptraumstörung und chronischer PTBS wurden im Rahmen von 10 Einzelsitzungen behandelt. Die Soldaten wurden vor der Intervention (t1) sowie 2 Wochen (t2) und 3 Monate (t3) danach hinsichtlich verschiedener Parameter der Schlaf- und Alptraumsymptomatik, der Traumasymptomatik, der Depression und der allgemeinen psychischen Belastung untersucht. Der Fokus der imaginativen Modifikation lag auf der gezielten Entwicklung von „compassionate imagery“. Die Alptraumhäufigkeit reduzierte sich kurz- und langfristig signifikant (t1–t2, Effektstärke d: 1.8; t1–t3, Effektstärke d: 1.4). Die Schlafqualität und deren Auswirkungen auf verschiedene Lebensbereiche, die Depressionssymptomatik, die allgemeine psychische Beeinträchtigung und die Traumasymptomatik zeigten signifikante Effekte. Die adaptierte IRT mit spezifischer imaginativer Modifikation von traumabedingten Alpträumen kann eine wertvolle Erweiterung des komplementären Versorgungsangebotes für chronisch kriegstraumatisierte Soldaten mit PTBS darstellen.
Mental Health Professionals' Suicide Risk Assessment and Management Practices
Authors: Roush Jared F. , Brown Sarah L. , Jahn Danielle R. , Mitchell Sean M. , Taylor Nathanael J. , Quinnett Paul , Ries Richard
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Background: Approximately 20% of suicide decedents have had contact with a mental health professional within 1 month prior to their death, and the majority of mental health professionals have treated suicidal individuals. Despite limited evidence-based training, mental health professionals make important clinical decisions related to suicide risk assessment and management. Aims: The current study aimed to determine the frequency of suicide risk assessment and management practices and the association between fear of suicide-related outcomes or comfort working with suicidal individuals and adequacy of suicide risk management decisions among mental health professionals. Method: Mental health professionals completed self-report assessments of fear, comfort, and suicide risk assessment and management practices. Results: Approximately one third of mental health professionals did not ask every patient about current or previous suicidal thoughts or behaviors. Further, comfort, but not fear, was positively associated with greater odds of conducting evidence-based suicide risk assessments at first appointments and adequacy of suicide risk management practices with patients reporting suicide ideation and a recent suicide attempt. Limitations: The study utilized a cross-sectional design and self-report questionnaires. Conclusion: Although the majority of mental health professionals report using evidenced-based practices, there appears to be variability in utilization of evidence-based practices.
Relating quantum coherence and correlations with entropy-based measures
Authors: Wang Xiao-Li , Yue Qiu-Ling , Yu Chao-Hua , Gao Fei , Qin Su-Juan
Published: September 2017

Quantum coherence and quantum correlations are important quantum resources for quantum computation and quantum information. In this paper, using entropy-based measures, we investigate the relationships between quantum correlated coherence, which is the coherence between subsystems, and two main kinds of quantum correlations as defined by quantum discord as well as quantum entanglement. In particular, we show that quantum discord and quantum entanglement can be well characterized by quantum correlated coherence. Moreover, we prove that the entanglement measure formulated by quantum correlated coherence is lower and upper bounded by the relative entropy of entanglement and the entanglement of formation, respectively, and equal to the relative entropy of entanglement for all the maximally correlated states.
Invisibility Cloaking Scheme by Evanescent Fields Distortion on Composite Plasmonic Waveguides with Si Nano-Spacer
Authors: Galutin Yakov , Falek Eran , Karabchevsky Alina
Published: September 2017

A new, composite plasmonic waveguide based electromagnetic cloaking scheme is proposed with Si nano-spacer. Here we show, that the scattering fields of an object located on the cloak do not interact with the evanescent field, resulting in object’s invisibility. Finite difference time domain (FDTD) numerical calculations were performed to extract the modal distributions and surface intensities on a composite plasmonic waveguide with a metasurface overlayer. Spatially varying effective permittivity was analytically calculated using transformation optics. Cloaking was demonstrated for a cylindrical object with diameter of 70% from the waveguide width on a high index ridge waveguide structure with silicon nitride guiding layer on silica substrate. Our results open the door to new integrated photonic devices, harnessing from evanescent fields distortion on composite plasmonic waveguides and dielectric nano-spacers for the variety of applications from on-chip optical devices to all-optical processing.
Cannabidiol attenuates alcohol-induced liver steatosis, metabolic dysregulation, inflammation and neutrophil-mediated injury
Authors: Wang Yuping , Mukhopadhyay Partha , Cao Zongxian , Wang Hua , Feng Dechun , Haskó György , Mechoulam Raphael , Gao Bin , Pacher Pal
Published: September 2017

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychoactive component of marijuana, which has anti-inflammatory effects. It has also been approved by FDA for various orphan diseases for exploratory trials. Herein, we investigated the effects of CBD on liver injury induced by chronic plus binge alcohol feeding in mice. CBD or vehicle was administered daily throughout the alcohol feeding study. At the conclusion of the feeding protocol, serums samples, livers or isolated neutrophils were utilized for molecular biology, biochemistry and pathology analysis. CBD significantly attenuated the alcohol feeding-induced serum transaminase elevations, hepatic inflammation (mRNA expressions of TNFα, MCP1, IL1β, MIP2 and E-Selectin, and neutrophil accumulation), oxidative/nitrative stress (lipid peroxidation, 3-nitrotyrosine formation, and expression of reactive oxygen species generating enzyme NOX2). CBD treatment also attenuated the respiratory burst of neutrophils isolated from chronic plus binge alcohol fed mice or from human blood, and decreased the alcohol-induced increased liver triglyceride and fat droplet accumulation. Furthermore, CBD improved alcohol-induced hepatic metabolic dysregulation and steatosis by restoring changes in hepatic mRNA or protein expression of ACC-1, FASN, PPARα, MCAD, ADIPOR-1, and mCPT-1. Thus, CBD may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of alcoholic liver diseases associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and steatosis, which deserves exploration in human trials.
Intergrative metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses unveil nutrient remobilization events in leaf senescence of tobacco
Authors: Li Wei , Zhang Hailiang , Li Xiaoxu , Zhang Fengxia , Liu Cheng , Du Yongmei , Gao Xiaoming , Zhang Zenglin , Zhang Xiaobing , Hou Zhihui , Zhou Hui , Sheng Xiaofei , Wang Guodong , Guo Yongfeng
Published: September 2017

Leaf senescence in plants is a coordinated process that involves remobilization of nutrients from senescing leaves to sink tissues. The molecular events associated with nutrient remobilization are however not well understood. In this study the tobacco system with a source-sink relationship between different leaf positions was used in analyzing the spatiotemporal changes of 76 metabolites from leaves at 3 different stalk positions and 8 developmental stages. The metabolomic data was then compared with RNA-seq data from the same samples to analyze the activities of the metabolic pathways that are important for nutrient remobilization. Integrative analyses on metabolites accumulation and expression changes of enzyme-encoding genes in corresponding metabolic pathways indicated a significant up-regulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and related metabolism of sugars, amino acids and fatty acids, suggesting the importance of energy metabolism during leaf senescence. Other changes of the metabolism during tobacco leaf senescence include increased activities of the GS/GOGAT cycle which is responsible for nitrogen recycling, and increased accumulation of nicotine. The results also suggested that a number of compounds seemed to be transported from senescing leaves at lower positions to sink leaves at upper positions. Some of these metabolites could play a role in nutrient remobilization.
Tunable Polarization Conversion and Rotation based on a Reconfigurable Metasurface
Authors: Zhang M. , Zhang W. , Liu A. Q. , Li F. C. , Lan C. F.
Published: September 2017

Polarization is an important property of electromagnetic (EM) wave and different polarization manipulations are required for varied optical applications. Here we report a reconfigurable metasurface which achieves both the polarization conversion and the polarization rotation in THz regime. The metasurface is reconfigured through the micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) actuation. The cross polarization transmittance from a linear polarized incidence is experimentally tuned from 0 to 28% at 2.66 THz. In addition, the polarization rotation angle is effectively changed from −12.8° to 13.1° at 1.78 THz. The tunable bi-functional metasurface for polarization conversion and the polarization rotation can be flexibly applied in various applications such as imaging, polarization microscopy and material analysis, etc.
Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Inhibition Links Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Extracellular Matrix Remodelling and Terminal Differentiation in Chondrocytes
Authors: Guidotti S. , Minguzzi M. , Platano D. , Santi S. , Trisolino G. , Filardo G. , Mariani E. , Borzì R. M.
Published: September 2017

Following inflammatory stimuli, GSK3 inhibition functions as a hub with pleiotropic effects leading to cartilage degradation. However, little is known about the effects triggered by its direct inhibition as well as the effects on mitochondrial pathology, that contributes to osteoarthritis pathogenesis. To this aim we assessed the molecular mechanisms triggered by GSK3β inactivating stimuli on 3-D (micromass) cultures of human articular chondrocytes. Stimuli were delivered either at micromass seeding (long term) or after maturation (short term) to explore “late” effects on terminal differentiation or “early” mitochondrial effects, respectively. GSK3β inhibition significantly enhanced mitochondrial oxidative stress and damage and endochondral ossification based on increased nuclear translocation of Runx-2 and β-catenin, calcium deposition, cell death and enhanced remodelling of the extracellular matrix as demonstrated by the increased collagenolytic activity of supernatants, despite unmodified (MMP-1) or even reduced (MMP-13) collagenase gene/protein expression. Molecular dissection of the underlying mechanisms showed that GSK3β inhibition achieved with pharmacological/silencing strategies impacted on the control of collagenolytic activity, via both decreased inhibition (reduced TIMP-3) and increased activation (increased MMP-10 and MMP-14). To conclude, the inhibition of GSK3β enhances terminal differentiation via concerted effects on ECM and therefore its activity represents a tool to keep articular cartilage homeostasis.
Scaling of Memories and Crossover in Glassy Magnets
Authors: Samarakoon A. M. , Takahashi M. , Zhang D. , Yang J. , Katayama N. , Sinclair R. , Zhou H. D. , Diallo S. O. , Ehlers G. , Tennant D. A. , Wakimoto S. , Yamada K. , Chern G-W. , Sato T. J. , Lee S.-H.
Published: September 2017

Glassiness is ubiquitous and diverse in characteristics in nature. Understanding their differences and classification remains a major scientific challenge. Here, we show that scaling of magnetic memories with time can be used to classify magnetic glassy materials into two distinct classes. The systems studied are high temperature superconductor-related materials, spin-orbit Mott insulators, frustrated magnets, and dilute magnetic alloys. Our bulk magnetization measurements reveal that most densely populated magnets exhibit similar memory behavior characterized by a relaxation exponent of $$1-n\approx 0.6(1)$$
1
−
n
≈
0.6
(
1
)
. This exponent is different from $$1-{\boldsymbol{n}}\approx 1/3$$
1
−
n
≈

1
/
3

of dilute magnetic alloys that was ascribed to their hierarchical and fractal energy landscape, and is also different from $$1-{\boldsymbol{n}}=1$$
1
−
n
=
1
of the conventional Debye relaxation expected for a spin solid, a state with long range order. Furthermore, our systematic study on dilute magnetic alloys with varying magnetic concentration exhibits crossovers among the two glassy states and spin solid.
Structural properties of thin-film ferromagnetic topological insulators
Authors: Richardson C. L. , Devine-Stoneman J. M. , Divitini G. , Vickers M. E. , Chang C.-Z. , Amado M. , Moodera J. S. , Robinson J. W. A.
Published: September 2017

We present a comprehensive study of the crystal structure of the thin-film, ferromagnetic topological insulator (Bi, Sb)2−x
V
x
Te3. The dissipationless quantum anomalous Hall edge states it manifests are of particular interest for spintronics, as a natural spin filter or pure spin source, and as qubits for topological quantum computing. For ranges typically used in experiments, we investigate the effect of doping, substrate choice and film thickness on the (Bi, Sb)2Te3 unit cell using high-resolution X-ray diffractometry. Scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements provide local structural and interfacial information. We find that the unit cell is unaffected in-plane by vanadium doping changes, and remains unchanged over a thickness range of 4–10 quintuple layers (1 QL ≈ 1 nm). The in-plane lattice parameter (a) also remains the same in films grown on different substrate materials. However, out-of-plane the c-axis increases with the doping level and thicknesses >10 QL, and is potentially reduced in films grown on Si (1 1 1).
Bioinspired Fabrication of one dimensional graphene fiber with collection of droplets application
Authors: Song Yun-yun , Liu Yan , Jiang Hao-bo , Li Shu-yi , Kaya Cigdem , Stegmaier Thomas , Han Zhi-wu , Ren Lu-quan
Published: September 2017

We designed a kind of smart bioinspired fiber with multi-gradient and multi-scale spindle knots by combining polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and graphene oxide (GO). Multilayered graphene structures can produce obvious wettability change after laser etching due to increased roughness. We demonstrate that the cooperation between curvature and the controllable wettability play an important role in water gathering, which regulate effectively the motion of tiny water droplets. In addition, due to the effective cooperation of multi-gradient and multi-scale hydrophilic spindle knots, the length of the three-phase contact line (TCL) can be longer, which makes a great contribution to the improvement of collecting efficiency and water-hanging ability. This study offers a novel insight into the design of smart materials that may control the transport of tiny drops reversibly in directions, which could potentially be extended to the realms of in microfluidics, fog harvesting filtration and condensers designs, and further increase water collection efficiency and hanging ability.
A high selective methanol gas sensor based on molecular imprinted Ag-LaFeO3 fibers
Authors: Rong Qian , Zhang Yumin , Wang Chao , Zhu Zhongqi , Zhang Jin , Liu Qingju
Published: September 2017

Ag-LaFeO3 molecularly imprinted polymers (ALMIPs) were fabricated, which provided special recognition sites to methanol. Then ALMIPs fiber 1, fiber 2 and fiber 3 were prepared using filter paper, silk and carbon fibers template, respectively. Based on the observation of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and Nitrogen adsorption surface area analyzer (BET), the structure, morphology and surface area of the fibers were characterized. The ALMIPs fibers (fiber 1, fiber 2 and fiber 3) show excellent selectivity and good response to methanol. The responses to 5 ppm methanol and the optimal operating temperature of ALMIPs fibers are 23.5 and 175 °C (fiber 1), 19.67 and 125 °C (fiber 2), 17.59 and 125 °C (fiber 3), and a lower response (≤10, 3, 2) to other test gases including formaldehyde, acetone, ethanol, ammonia, gasoline and benzene was measured, respectively.