bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Levantamento epidemiológico dos pacientes portadores de fissura de lábio e/ou palato de um centro especializado de Belo Horizonte
Authors: Di Ninno Camila Queiroz de Moraes Silveira , Fonseca Luciane Ferreira Nadu , Pimenta Maria Vanilda Evangelista , Vieira Zélia das Graças , Fonseca José Aguinaldo , Miranda Izabel Cristina Campolina , Azevedo Luciana Lemos de
Published: December 2011

OBJETIVO: traçar o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes com fissura de lábio e/ou palato de um centro especializado de Belo Horizonte. MÉTODO: os dados referentes ao ano de entrada no centro, tipo de fissura, gênero, cidade de origem e idade foram obtidos de planilha do Excel contendo o cadastro dos pacientes. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio do teste qui-quadrado, com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: a amostra foi composta por 1.219 pacientes, sendo 593 pacientes cadastrados em 2005, 273 em 2006, 222 em 2007 e 131 em 2008. Da amostra total, 49% apresentavam fissura transforame incisivo, 26% pós-forame, 19% pré-forame, 2% pré e pós-forame e 3% outros tipos de má formação craniofacial. Quanto ao gênero, 54% eram do gênero masculino e 46% do feminino. Quanto à origem, 33% eram moradores de Belo Horizonte, 28% de outras cidades da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, 38,5% do interior de Minas Gerais e 0,5% de outros Estados. Quanto à idade, esta variou de zero a 64 anos (mediana=6,0), com 40% chegando até três anos, 45,5% entre três e 18 anos e 14,5% acima de 18 anos. Segundo o ano de entrada, em 2005 prevaleceu a faixa de seis a 12 anos (29%) e nos anos seguintes a faixa de até um ano (38%, 36% e 43%). CONCLUSÃO: neste centro, a maior parte dos casos apresenta fissura do tipo transforame, é do gênero masculino, oriunda do interior do estado de Minas Gerais e formada por bebês e crianças.
Preventing Saltcedar (Tamarixspp.) Seedling Establishment in the Northern Prairie Pothole Region
Authors: Ohrtman Michelle K. , Clay Sharon A. , Clay David E. , Mousel Eric M. , Smart Alexander J.
Published: December 2011

Controlled burns and grazing are being tested to manage invasive grasses in the Prairie Pothole region of the Northern Great Plains. These practices, however, may inadvertently promote saltcedar infestations from seed by opening the vegetative canopy. Saltcedar seedling establishment was investigated in greenhouse experiments using intact soil cores from one summit and three footslope sites in eastern South Dakota. Establishment tests were conducted in soil cores collected from treatment and control plots immediately after spring fire treatment (postburn) and in cores that contained peak cool- or peak warm-season vegetation, with or without clipping (simulated grazing treatment), to simulate vegetation conditions typical of saltcedar seed-shed in northern regions. Cores were seeded with 100 saltcedar seeds and subirrigated to maintain high soil water conditions, characteristic of the environment near potholes during late spring/early summer. Seedlings were counted during the first 3 wk to estimate establishment and the height of five seedlings core−1were measured weekly to estimate growth rates. Opening the canopy with fire or clipping increased saltcedar establishment. Cores taken immediately after fire treatment had two times more seedlings establish (38% vs. 19%) and greater average seedling growth rate (1.5 mm d−1vs. 0.9 mm d−1) when compared with no-fire controls. Fire after seeding reduced seedling establishment to 5%, but did not affect growth rate. Saltcedar establishment in peak cool-season vegetation cores was 6% regardless of earlier fire treatment, whereas in peak warm-season vegetation, establishment ranged from 8% (no spring fire) to 17% (spring fire). If soils remain wet, invasion risk following spring fire may be greatest when warm-season grasses are flowering because this time coincides with northern saltcedar seed production. Areas adjacent to viable saltcedar seed sources should be managed to maximize canopy cover when seeds are released to limit further establishment. Fire after saltcedar seed deposition may control propagules and young seedlings.
From superspreaders to disease hotspots: linking transmission across hosts and space
Authors: Paull Sara H , Song Sejin , McClure Katherine M , Sackett Loren C , Kilpatrick A Marm , Johnson Pieter TJ
Published: December 2011

Since the identification and imprisonment of “Typhoid Mary”, a woman who infected at least 47 people with typhoid in the early 1900s, epidemiologists have recognized that “superspreading” hosts play a key role in disease epidemics. Such variability in transmission also exists among species within a community and among habitat patches across a landscape, underscoring the need for an integrative framework for studying transmission heterogeneity, or the differences among hosts or locations in their contribution to pathogen spread. Here, we synthesize literature on human, plant, and animal diseases to evaluate the relative influence of host, pathogen, and environmental factors in producing highly infectious individuals, species, and landscapes. We show that host and spatial heterogeneity are closely linked and that quantitatively assessing the contribution of infectious individuals, species, or environmental patches to overall transmission can aid management strategies. We conclude by posing hypotheses regarding how pathogen natural history influences transmission variability and highlight emerging frontiers in this area of study.
Evidence-Based Smoking Cessation Interventions for Patients With Acute Respiratory Disorders
Authors: Heath Janie , Young Sara , Bennett Sharon , Ginn Mary Beth , Cox Geoffrey
Published: December 2011

Worldwide, tobacco use continues to be the most significant preventable cause of death and hospital admissions, particularly related to respiratory diseases. Acute respiratory illnesses requiring hospitalization provide an opportunity for nurses to intervene and help smokers quit. Of the three top hospital admissions related to respiratory diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the one that continues to have increased mortality whereas community acquired pneumonia and asthma have decreased over the past 5 years. The course of all three can be caused or exacerbated by continued smoking. This review describes the state of the science of nursing research focused on tobacco cessation interventions for hospitalized patients with COPD, asthma, or community acquired pneumonia. Additionally, we describe two evidence-based, nurse-driven, hospital protocols to treat tobacco dependence that can serve as models of care. Recommendations are made as to how to effectively promote nursing interventions for tobacco cessation in the acute care setting.
Theories Used in Nursing Research on Smoking Cessation
Authors: O’Connell Kathleen A.
Published: December 2011

Theories tell how and why things work; how and why one variable is related to another. Research findings that are theory based can be placed in a framework that advances science further than findings that are unconnected to formal theory. However, much of the research in smoking cessation is atheoretical. This review of nursing research on smoking cessation published from 1989 through 2008 revealed that nearly half of the studies were based on explicit formal theories. The transtheoretical model and self-efficacy theory were the most frequently used explicit theories with most theories emanating from psychology. Five nursing theories were identified in this review. Studies that used implicit rather than explicit theories dealt with five major concepts: nicotine dependence, social support, high-risk situations, mood–affect, and the influence of clinical diagnosis. Largely missing from this set of studies were investigations based on biobehavioral models, including genetics and neuroscience. The relevance of the theories and concepts identified in this review to current clinical guidelines on smoking cessation is discussed. With their grounding in theory and their expert knowledge of clinical issues, nurses are in an excellent position to develop theories that will help researchers in every discipline make sense of smoking cessation.
Nurses Across Borders: Foregrounding International Migration in Nursing History
Authors: Choy Catherine Ceniza
Published: December 2011

Although the international migration of nurses has played a formative role in increasing the racial and ethnic diversity of the health care labor force, nursing historians have paid very little attention to the theme of international migration and the experiences of foreign-trained nurses. A focus on international migration complements two new approaches in nursing history: the agenda to internationalize its frameworks, and the call to move away from “great women, great events” and toward the experiences of “ordinary” nurses. This article undertakes a close reading of the life and work of Filipino American nurse Ines Cayaban to reconceptualize nursing biography in an international framework that is attentive to issues of migration, race, gender, and colonialism. It was a Hannah keynote lecture delivered by the author on June 5, 2008, as part of the CAHN/ACHN (Canadian Association for the History of Nursing/Association Canadienne pour l’Histoire du Nursing) International Nursing History Conference.
Nursing Body and Soul in the Parish: Lutheran Deaconess Motherhouses in Germany and the United States
Authors: Kreutzer Susanne
Published: December 2011

In Lutheran Germany, parish nursing traditionally constituted the deaconesses’ principal work. As “Christian mothers of the parish” they were charged with a wide spectrum of tasks, including nursing, social service, and pastoral care. At the center of the Christian understanding of nursing was the idea of nursing body and soul as a unity.

This article analyzes the conception and transformation of Protestant parish nursing in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in Germany and the United States, which developed very differently. In West Germany, parish nursing proved surprisingly resistant to modernization even in the face of upheavals of the 1960s, and in some places this traditional model survived as late as the 1980s and 1990s. In the United States, by contrast, an understanding of nursing rooted in the division of labor between care for body and care for soul had come to prevail by the 1920s and ‘30s, pushing out the German model of the parish deaconess altogether.
Finance and Faith at the Catholic Maternity Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 1944 –1969
Authors: Cockerham Anne Z. , Keeling Arlene W.
Published: December 2011

In 1944, the Medical Mission Sisters opened the Catholic Maternity Institute in Santa Fe, New Mexico, primarily to serve patients of Spanish American descent. The Maternity Institute offered nurse-midwifery care and functioned as a school to train nurse-midwifery students. Originally planned as a home birth service, the Catholic Maternity Institute soon evolved into a service in which patients chose whether to deliver in their own homes or in a small freestanding building called La Casita. In fact, despite their idealism about home birth and strong feelings that home birth was best, the sisters experienced significant ambivalence concerning La Casita. Births there met many of the institute’s pragmatic needs for a larger number of student experiences, quick and safe transfers to a nearby hospital, and more efficient use of the midwives’ time. Importantly, as the sisters realized that many of their patients preferred to deliver at La Casita, they came to see that this option permitted these impoverished patients an opportunity to exercise some choice. However, the choice of many patients to deliver at La Casita—which was significantly more expensive for the Maternity Institute than home birth—eventually led to the demise of the Maternity Institute.
“I Am a Trained Nurse”: The Nursing Identity of Anarchist and Radical Emma Goldman
Authors: Connolly Cynthia Anne
Published: December 2011

For more than a century, scholars have analyzed the many dimensions of Emma Goldman. Remembered as an agent of revolution, feminism, sexual freedom, anarchy, and atheism, Goldman’s motives, personality, and actions have generated an entire subgenre of historical scholarship. But although Goldman practiced nursing in New York City for ten years, one facet of her life that has been neglected is her nursing identity. Goldman’s autobiography, Living My Life, reveals the way her nursing experiences informed her evolving anarchist political philosophy and international activism. She valued nursing for many reasons—for the economic independence it offered, identity it provided, and sense of community and connectivity she believed it encouraged. Finally, for Goldman, nursing represented was a vehicle to understand people’s struggles and as a way of translating political philosophy into meaningful, practical solutions.
Increasing Primary Care Comorbidity: A Conceptual Research and Practice Framework
Authors: Corser William D.
Published: December 2011

Purpose: To present a “contrasting perspectives” conceptual framework reflecting the typically strained experiences of many comorbid adults now interacting with primary care clinicians across the world. Background: More comorbidity-related needs are presented to primary care clinicians during typically shorter office-based health care encounters. The overall perceptual differences between many comorbid consumers and health care clinicians and systems in many countries are likely to worsen. Conclusions: Conceptual implications are discussed for primary care researchers testing interventions and attempting to influence the outcomes of increasingly comorbid primary care adults. Implications for Nursing Research and Practice: Three strategies are offered for researchers and clinicians considering how to include elements of comorbidity into their prospective primary care study interventions and care delivery processes.
Three Lines in the Emergence of Prelinguistic Communication and Social Cognition
Authors: Liszkowski Ulf
Published: December 2011

Sociocultural theories of development posit that higher cognitive functions emerge through socially mediated processes, in particular through language. However, theories of human communication posit that language itself is based on higher social cognitive skills and cooperative motivations. Prelinguistic communication is a test case to this puzzle. In the current review, I first present recent and new findings of a research program on prelinguistic infants’ communication skills. This research provides empirical evidence for a rich social cognitive and motivational basis of human communication before language. Next, I discuss the emergence of these foundational skills. By considering all three lines of development, and by drawing on new findings from phylogenetic and cross-cultural comparisons, this article discusses the possibility that the cognitive foundations of prelinguistic communication are, in turn, mediated by social interactional input and shared experiences.
Sociocultural Influences on the Development of Self-Recognition and Self-Regulation in Costa Rican and Mexican Toddlers
Authors: Kärtner Joscha , Borke Jörn , Maasmeier Kathrin , Keller Heidi , Kleis Astrid
Published: December 2011

The aim of this study was to examine sociocultural influences on the development of specific sociocognitive developmental milestones. The self-recognition and self-regulation skills of 2-year-old children were assessed in two autonomous-relational cultural contexts: educated, urban, middle-class families from Costa Rica (N= 19) and Mexico (N= 15). These two cultural groups are representative of a consistent pattern of an autonomous-relational Latin American cultural model; there were no differences between the two groups in mothers’ socialization goals, maternal behavior during mother–child play, and toddlers’ self-recognition and self-regulation. As predicted by ecocultural models of development, consistent cultural models emerged: Sociodemographic factors were associated with mothers’ relative emphasis on autonomous socialization goals and lower levels of directive and didactic play. There were also significant correlations between facets of mothers’ cultural models and toddlers’ development of self-regulation, but not self-recognition. This study provides further evidence that the sociocognitive development of children’s self-regulation during the second year is dependent on the “ecological imprint” that is provided by their mothers’ cultural model. Furthermore, the same mechanisms that account for cross-cultural differences also seem to account for intracultural variation in maternal behavior and toddlers’ development.
Court-Mandated Group Treatment for a Violent Woman: Roxy
Authors: Bowen Ellen L.
Published: December 2011

Significant debate exists in the field about when to respond and how best to intervene when partner violence has occurred. This case study tells the story of a woman who was arrested for partner violence and was court-ordered to a 52-week treatment program. Her childhood was one of ongoing trauma, abuse, and abandonment. As an adult, all of her adult intimate relationships included violence. She was sometimes the victim, sometimes the offender, and often both. The program she attended, NOVA Non-Violent Alternatives, uses a psychotherapeutic approach of cognitive–behavioral strategies grounded in attachment theory, trauma theory, and social learning theory. In addition to learning specific skills for emotional self-regulation, communication, and respectful relationships, clients examine the influences of their family of origin experiences—and how those shaped their beliefs about themselves, their intimate relationships, and how they get their emotional needs met—and share these insights in the group. Roxy’s narrative illustrates the generational nature of family trauma and violence. Although despairing because of her ongoing problems, she would not have sought help on her own. It took the authority of the court to require her to get help and then to hold her accountable.
Interventions for Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence: A Review of Efficacy Research and Recent Trends
Authors: Murphy Christopher M. , Ting Laura A.
Published: December 2011

The efficacy of psychosocial interventions for perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV) has been increasingly challenged in recent years, largely in response to reviews of research showing limited program effects. This article addresses the state of the art in research on IPV perpetrator interventions. After considering previous quantitative reviews of research in this area, new trends and innovations are addressed, including culturally focused interventions, case management and comprehensive services, supportive efforts to enhance program attendance, and interventions focused on motivation to change. Recent research has failed to provide clear evidence that race-specific groups or culturally focused content enhances the efficacy of standard IPV interventions. Similarly, research exploring case management for IPV perpetrators revealed important problems in implementation of the intervention and no clear evidence of improved outcomes. However, some evidence indicates that the integration of substance use interventions may enhance violence reduction. Supportive interventions designed to enhance program attendance and motivation to change have yielded consistently encouraging results, including significant effects on program attendance, compliance with IPV intervention tasks, and increased personal change and help-seeking efforts. These interventions have shown favorable initial effects in reducing abusive behavior relative to treatment-as-usual controls, and they are highlighted as a potentially fruitful avenue for continued research.
The Gender Paradigm and the Architecture of Antiscience
Authors: Dutton Donald G.
Published: December 2011

The gender paradigm is the view that most domestic violence (DV) is maleperpetrated against females (and children) in order to maintain patriarchy. Based on functionalist sociology, it has been the prominent DV perspective in North America and Western Europe, framing criminal justice policy to DV, court understanding of DV, court disposition of DV perpetrators to psychoeducational groups, and custody decisions. Research evidence contradicts every major tenet of this belief system: female DV is more frequent than male DV, even against nonviolent partners, there is no overall relationship of control to DV, and abuse perpetrators who use intimate partner violence (IPV) for coercive instrumental reasons are both male and female. Research supporting the gender paradigm is typically based on self-selected samples (victims from women’s shelters and men from court-mandated groups) and then inappropriately generalized to community populations. The gender paradigm is a closed system, unresponsive to major disconfirming data sets, and takes an antiscience stance consistent with a cult. In this article, I compare the responses of this gender cult to other cults and contrast it with a scientific response to contradictory data.
A Closer Look at Men Who Sustain Intimate Terrorism by Women
Authors: Hines Denise A. , Douglas Emily M.
Published: December 2011

Over 30 years of research has established that both men and women are capable of sustaining intimate partner violence (IPV) by their opposite-sex partners, yet little research has examined men’s experiences in such relationships. Some experts in the field have forwarded assumptions about men who sustain IPV — for example, that the abuse they experience is trivial or humorous and of no consequence and that, if their abuse was severe enough, they have the financial and psychological resources to easily leave the relationship — but these assumptions have little data to support them. The present study is an in-depth, descriptive examination of 302 men who sustained severe IPV from their women partners within the previous year and sought help. We present information on their demographics, overall mental health, and the types and frequency of various forms of physical and psychological IPV they sustained. We also provide both quantitative and qualitative information about their last physical argument and their reasons for staying in the relationship. It is concluded that, contrary to many assumptions about these men, the IPV they sustain is quite severe and both mentally and physically damaging; their most frequent response to their partner’s IPV is to get away from her; and they are often blocked in their efforts to leave, sometimes physically, but more often because of strong psychological and emotional ties to their partners and especially their children. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for policy and practice.
Explaining Gender Differences in Police Arresting and Charging Behavior in Cases of Spousal Violence
Authors: Millar Paul , Brown Grant
Published: December 2011

Family violence is a major social problem that police forces have begun to deal with seriously over the last two decades. Most research and policy on this subject has focused on police action in response to violence against women. This is a study of police arrest and charging behavior in spousal violence cases that include both genders and so allows the analysis of police response to violence against men as well as women. Factors affecting the likelihood of an arrest or charge in spousal violence cases are analyzed using a two-year sample of spousal violence police cases (N = 2,935) from a medium-sized Canadian city. The explanatory variables include marital status, intoxication, degree of injury to the man or woman, use of a weapon and a whether the event was a repeat call to the same address. Results indicate differential effects of intoxication, use of a weapon, and injury by gender on both arresting and charging.
The Peaceful Families Project: Addressing Domestic Violence in Muslim Communities
Authors: Abugideiri Salma
Published: December 2011

The Peaceful Families Project (PFP) is a domestic violence prevention organization that was established in response to a critical need in the U.S. Muslim community, which has only begun to openly discuss and tackle issues related to domestic violence in the last 10 to 15 years. The organization utilizes education and training as the primary means of addressing domestic violence in Muslim communities. Although Muslims in the United States are a diverse population, they are united by certain common beliefs and values that can be utilized in domestic violence prevention. Educational materials and programs focus on highlighting teachings and values from within the Islamic paradigm to address attitudes and behaviors among Muslims that may contribute to the occurrence of abuse within the family. Technical assistance and trainings are also offered to mainstream service providers to increase their ability to deliver culturally sensitive and appropriate services to Muslim communities. By targeting individuals, families, Muslim leaders, and mainstream service providers, PFP seeks to create systemic change in an effort to make a real contribution toward ending domestic violence.
Long-Term Mental Health Effects of Partner Violence Patterns and Relationship Termination on Low-Income and Ethnically Diverse Community Women
Authors: Temple Jeff R. , Weston Rebecca , Marshall Linda L.
Published: December 2011

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with psychological distress; however, differences in the impact of unidirectional IPV, typically male dominated, and bidirectional IPV have not been examined. To address this gap in the literature, we compared the effects of various IPV patterns on women’s reports of dissociation, posttraumatic stress disorder, and stress in six interviews over 8 years. We also examined whether differences by IPV pattern existed in women’s mental health on leaving a violent relationship. The 489 low-income women completing all interviews were African American (40%), Euro-American (30%), and Mexican American (30%), over half of whom (58%) were no longer with wave 1 partners by wave 6. In general, worse mental health was associated with relationship termination and bidirectional violence.
Perceptions of and Experience With System Responses to Female Same-Sex Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Alhusen Jeanne L. , Lucea Marguerite B. , Glass Nancy
Published: December 2011

Female same-sex intimate partner violence (FSSIPV) is a significant problem that affects the physical and mental health and the safety of sexual minority women. A mixed-methods study was conducted to (a) identify risk and protective factors for victimization and perpetration of repeat violence in abusive same-sex relationships and (b) examine participant experiences with system responses (by domestic violence services, criminal justice systems, and health care services) to FSSIPV. The purpose of the article is to report the findings from the qualitative component (e.g., focus groups and individual interviews) of the parent study that are specific to survivors’ perceptions of and experiences with domestic violence services, criminal justice systems, and health care services. The findings indicate a significant need across all systems for increased awareness, enhanced understanding, and provision of services specific to survivors of FSSIPV.
Dating Violence Victimization and Alcohol Problems: An Examination of the Stress-Buffering Hypothesis for Perceived Support
Authors: Shorey Ryan C. , Rhatigan Deborah L. , Fite Paula J. , Stuart Gregory L.
Published: December 2011

Recent evidence suggests that victims of dating violence consume alcohol at greater rates than their nonvictimized peers, placing them at risk for the negative consequences produced by alcohol use. Thus, research that examines factors that protect victims from consuming alcohol is needed. Toward this end, the present study sought to examine whether perceived support served as a stress-buffering (moderating) variable on the relationship between dating violence victimization and alcohol problems among a sample of currently dating college students (N= 440). Partial support was found for the stress-buffering effect of perceived support, but this varied depending on the type of victimization examined. Implications of these findings for victim interventions and dating violence prevention programming are discussed.
The Gift of the Magi: Can Attachment, Altruism, and Hope be Mobilized in Treating Domestic Violence?
Authors: Corvo Kenneth , deLara Ellen
Published: December 2011

The debate concerning the Duluth model of domestic violence policy has centered on its assumptions concerning gender and its limitations as conceptual basis for practice. Here we both broaden and deepen that analysis by exploring the institutional context and political use of language that maintain the hegemony of that model. Particular attention is devoted to how the Duluth policy and practice framework produces a cynical and fatalistic view of both perpetrators and victims. Causal attribution to the vague construct “patriarchy” both ignores empirically supported risk factors as well as strips clients of their uniqueness and autonomy. This is juxtaposed with the common factors theory of therapeutic interventions, which calls attention to how acknowledging client strengths and instilling hope can produce superior outcomes.
A Descriptive Investigation of Proximal Factors to Female Perpetrated Psychological Aggression in Dating Relationships
Authors: Shorey Ryan C. , Febres Jeniimarie , Brasfield Hope , Stuart Gregory L.
Published: December 2011

Psychological aggression is a devastating and prevalent problem in college dating relationships. In fact, most students in dating relationships experience psychological aggression each year. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of research on proximal risk factors for psychological aggression among females specifically. Knowing the conditions under which psychological aggression is most likely to occur will aid researchers and clinicians in developing and implementing more effective prevention programs. The current study descriptively examined proximal factors to psychological aggression perpetration among female undergraduate students (N = 97). Findings showed that most psychological aggression occurred during the period from 5 p.m. to 1 a.m., while participants were alone with their partners, and on the weekend. Participants reported a diverse number of motivations for perpetrating psychological aggression, with a lack of emotion regulation being an especially prominent motivation. Implications of these findings for future research and prevention programming are discussed.
Spouses’ Perceptions of Aggression and Associations With Relationship Satisfaction
Authors: Burrus, Kimberly J. , Cobb, Rebecca J.
Published: December 2011

We investigated whether residual partner perceptions (after controlling spouses’ self-reports) of physical and psychological aggression predicted marital satisfaction in 188 heterosexual newlywed couples over the first 6 months of marriage. Husbands’ and wives’ reports of physical and psychological aggression were moderately associated, highlighting the mutuality of aggression and consensus between spouses’ reports. Results of path analyses in structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated that to the extent that wives perceived their husbands as more physically and psychologically aggressive than spouses self-reported, wives were less maritally satisfied. To the extent that husbands’ perceived their wives as more psychologically aggressive than spouses self-reported, husbands were marginally less maritally satisfied. Generally, spouses’ self- and partner reports of physical or psychological aggression did not predict partners’ marital satisfaction or changes in marital satisfaction over 6 months. However, results suggested that at least concurrently, spouses’ perceptions of partners’ aggressive behavior play an important role in marital satisfaction, and this may be especially true for wives.
Family Violence and Family Safety: An Approach to Safe Practices in Our Mental Health Services
Authors: Vetere, Arlene
Published: December 2011

This article describes a methodology for safe therapeutic practice developed more than 16 years in the specialist family violence service—Reading Safer Families, UK (Cooper & Vetere, 2005). This article focuses on how a safety methodology developed in a specialist service can be adapted for use in mainstream mental health and therapeutic services, across the life span, when violence is of concern.
Differences Between Perpetrators of Bidirectional and Unidirectional Physical Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Charles Dyanna , Whitaker Daniel J. , Le Brenda , Swahn Monica , DiClemente Ralph J.
Published: December 2011

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health issue causing significant morbidity, mortality, and economic burden to its victims and society. Prior research suggests that bidirectional or reciprocal IPV perpetration (cases in which both partners perpetrate IPV toward the other) is common and more serious than unidirectional IPV. However, little is known about the characteristics of individuals and couples who engage in bidirectional versus unidirectional IPV.

Using Waves I and III of Add Health, a large, nationally representative sample of young adults, we compared characteristics of perpetrators of bidirectional and unidirectional physical IPV perpetration to each other and to nonperpetrators across a range of variables.

Among study participants, 18.3% reported IPV perpetration in their most recent important relationship, and 65.4% of that was bidirectional, meaning the participant also reported that their partner perpetrated against them. Bivariate analyses showed that both types of perpetrators—bidirectional and unidirectional—differed significantly from nonperpetrators on nearly all variables examined. In multivariate analyses, seven variables were related to bidirectional versus unidirectional IPV perpetration at the .05 level: sex, violent delinquency, substance use, poor grades, depression, having had sex in the relationship, and cohabitation status. There were few sex differences in variables related to reciprocity; only three variables showed differential correlation with reciprocity (early sexual initiation, depression, partner age difference); and only one (depression) remained significant in multivariate models, indicating that the correlates of IPV reciprocity were largely similar for men and women.
Expected Outcomes of Dating Violence: Perspectives From Female Perpetrators
Authors: Sherrill Andrew M. , Wyngarden Nicole , Bell Kathryn M.
Published: December 2011

Despite recent growth in female dating violence perpetration research, little is known about college women’s expected outcomes of physical aggression perpetration in a dating relationship. Furthermore, no known studies have investigated women’s expected outcomes of dating aggression within the context of a specific dating violence episode or examined the extent to which expected outcomes are consistent or inconsistent with actual dating aggression outcomes. The purpose of this study is to qualitatively investigate the range of dating violence expected and actual outcomes reported by college women with a recent history of physical dating violence perpetration. Twenty female undergraduate students completed individual contextually based interviews regarding their expected and actual outcomes of physical dating aggression perpetration surrounding their most recent dating violence episode. Interviews were analyzed using a theoretical thematic analysis approach. Nine main expected outcome themes reflecting a range of both rewarding and punitive consequences were identified, including no expectations—just reacted, nothing would happen, escape or end aversive interaction with partner, modify partner attention, increase partner compliance, increase physical space. facilitate communication, alter emotional state, and partner retaliation. Interestingly, use of physical aggression to stop or blunt partner’s physical aggression was not an expected outcome reported by any of the participants. Findings indicate that participants’ expected outcomes were often consistent with the actual outcomes of dating aggression. However, a subset of participants also reported actual outcomes inconsistent with expectations and many reported additional unanticipated outcomes. Study limitations, clinical implications, and directions for future research are discussed.
Top 10 Reasons Why Women’s Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence Is an Important Area of Inquiry
Authors: Leisring Penny A.
Published: December 2011

Women’s perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV) has been an extremely controversial topic. In this article, the author discusses 10 reasons why it is critically important to study women’s use of IPV. The prevalence and motivation of women’s use of IPV are discussed, as well as the psychopathology typically found in clinical samples of female IPV perpetrators. Consequences of women’s IPV for victims, for romantic relationships, for witnessing children, and for the female perpetrators themselves are reviewed. Evidence points to the importance of research on this topic and the urgent need for effective prevention and intervention programs for women’s perpetration of IPV.
Healing Circles as an Alternative to Batterer Intervention Programs for Addressing Domestic Violence Among Orthodox Jews
Authors: Zakheim Suzanne Faye
Published: December 2011

Orthodox Jewish (OJ) families living with violence have concerns that are specific to their culture and tradition. This article, based on a 2009 study at New York University (S. F. Zakheim, 2009), explores the possibility that mainstream interventions developed to address domestic violence lack features that make them optimal for use among OJ families.

One often used treatment, the Batterer Intervention Program (BIP), is predicated on the belief that resocializing the male abuser will eliminate the problem of violence in a domestic setting. The BIP method of treatment dictates that, once violence has been reported, a chain of legal and societal events must be set into motion. This treatment does not involve the victim and may not even take into account his or her own expressed desires.

This article considers that, within the OJ community, it may be necessary to view domestic violence from a different perspective. To this end, it compares two forms of intervention carried out with OJ families: the BIP and an innovative restorative justice approach called healing circles (HCs). The restorative justice theory, on which HCs are predicated, permits the victim (not the legal authorities) to define what restitution he or she receives from the perpetrator. Unlike the BIP, which targets the behaviors of the abuser only, HCs work with the entire family—and the broader community—even taking into account community rituals and individual characteristics. As a treatment method sensitive to cultural intricacies, the HC proved to be more effective than BIPs in dealing with domestic violence in the OJ community.
Effect of Photodynamic Therapy, Diode Laser, and Deep Scaling on Cytokine and Acute‐Phase Protein Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Residual Periodontal Pockets
Authors: Giannopoulou Catherine , Cappuyns Isabelle , Cancela Jose , Cionca Norbert , Mombelli Andrea
Published: December 2011

Background: There is an ongoing controversy on the benefits of treatment protocols, including dental lasers and photodynamic therapy (PDT). The purpose of this study is to compare the local biologic effects of PDT, diode soft laser (DSL) therapy, and conventional deep scaling and root planing (SRP) in residual pockets.

Methods: Thirty‐two individuals were included based on a history of previous treatment for periodontitis and the persistence of sites with probing depths >4 mm and bleeding on probing. Residual pockets were debrided with an ultrasonic device and then randomly assigned either to PDT, DSL, or SRP. Gingival crevicular fluid was collected before treatment, after 14 days, and at 2 and 6 months. Levels of 13 cytokines and nine acute‐phase proteins were measured using a bead‐based multiplexing analysis system.

Results: Treatment with PDT, DSL, or SRP led to significant changes in several cytokines and acute‐phase proteins: Compared with baseline, levels of interleukin‐17, basic fibroblast growth factor, granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor, granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, and macrophage inflammatory protein 1‐α were lower 14 days and 2 months after treatment. Except for granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor, these differences remained significant throughout the observation period. The levels of five acute‐phase proteins (α‐2 macroglobulin, haptoglobin, serum amyloid P, procalcitonin, and tissue plasminogen activator) were significantly higher at 6 months than at baseline. No significant differences were observed among the three treatment modalities at any time point for any biochemical parameter.

Conclusions: Levels of several cytokines and acute‐phase proteins significantly changed after treatment regardless of treatment modality. There was no evidence for a specific DSL‐ or PDT‐enhanced expression of inflammatory mediators.
Relationships Among Interleukin‐6, Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α, Adipokines, Vitamin D, and Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Teles Flavia R. , Teles Ricardo P. , Martin Lynn , Socransky Sigmund S. , Haffajee Anne D.
Published: December 2011

Background: The aim of this study is to explore relationships among serum adipokines, vitamin D, and clinical and microbial parameters of chronic periodontitis before and after treatment.

Methods: Weight, height, and smoking status were recorded for 56 patients with chronic periodontitis. Plaque, gingivitis, bleeding on probing, suppuration, probing depth, and clinical attachment level were measured at all teeth present. Subgingival biofilm samples from each tooth were analyzed for levels of 40 bacterial species using checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization. Serum levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor‐α, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and vitamin D were measured at baseline. Sample collection was then performed in a subset of the population 6 months after therapy (n = 17). Serum samples were analyzed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and immunoassays. Differences in clinical, microbial, and serum factors among groups were sought using the Mann‐Whitney U test. Correlations among factors were evaluated using regression analysis. Effects of therapy were sought using the Wilcoxon signed rank test.

Results: There were positive correlations between adiponectin/vitamin D and between IL‐6/leptin, negative correlations between IL‐6/vitamin D and leptin/vitamin D, but no associations between serum analytes and clinical or microbial parameters. Sex and body mass index were associated with levels of adipokines. Periodontal therapy improved clinical and microbiologic parameters but did not influence the levels of serum analytes.

Conclusion: Adipokines and IL‐6 levels were affected by sex and body mass index. Serum analytes were not influenced by periodontal therapy.
A Novel Approach to the Use of Doxycycline‐Loaded Biodegradable Membrane and EDTA Root Surface Etching in Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Gamal Ahmed Y. , Kumper Radi M.
Published: December 2011

Background: The release profile of 25% doxycycline (DOX) gel loaded on a biodegradable collagen membrane (COL) after 24% EDTA root surface etching was evaluated.

Methods: Thirty systemically healthy patients, each with at least one pair of contralateral interproximal intrabony defects ≥4 mm deep, along with an interproximal probing depth ≥6 mm and clinical attachment loss ≥4 mm, were randomized into two groups. Group 1 consisted of sites treated with open‐flap debridement followed by placement of DOX gel‐loaded COL (DOX–COL), whereas group 2 sites were treated with flap surgery followed by the placement of DOX–COL after EDTA etching of the exposed root surfaces (DOX–COL + EDTA). Samples of gingival crevicular fluid were obtained 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after surgery. Separation was performed, and quantitative measurements of DOX were taken with a high‐performance liquid chromatography. Clinical evaluation and follow‐up for 6 months were performed.

Results: At 21 days, DOX–COL + EDTA group showed 5.3 μg/mL value. However, no DOX was detected in samples of the DOX–COL group. DOX–COL + EDTA‐treated group retained more DOX during the periods of 3, 7, 10, and 14 days than did the DOX–COL group.

Conclusion: EDTA root surface etching could enhance DOX availability in the gingival crevicular fluid after its release from the collagen membrane.
The possibility of dairy farms isolation assessment: Biosecurity aspect
Authors: Stankovic B. , Hristov S. , Bojkovski J. , Zlatanovic Z. , Maksimovic N. , Todorovic-Joksimovic M. , Davidovic V.
Published: December 2011

The effects of general and special biosecurity measures to prevent
introduction of infectious agents in a dairy farm or its spreading from farm
were analyzed in details in this paper. Investigations were conducted on five
different dairy farm production with different technology and capacity using
a questionnaire method (Hristov and Stankovic, 2009), as well as scrutinizing
their positions in relation to possible sources bio-risks from the near and
far away environment. Test results showed that there are serious shortcomings
on all observed farms, regarding the possibility of introduction of
infectious agents in the production herd, and its possible spread to the
environment. Although all fenced and a position of the most of the farms
mostly favourable, there are some serious threats to the herd health and farm
production, regarding open space and lack of green belt, the uncontrolled
presence of wild birds and rodents in facilities and even in feed storage, as
well as contact of the employees with other cows not belonging to the farm.
Properties and composition of carcass of domestic spotted young cattle of two preslaughter weights
Authors: Petricevic M. , Stanisic N. , Sretenovic Lj. , Petrovic M.M. , Stajic S. , Niksic D.
Published: December 2011

Objective of this research was to determine the slaughter properties and
carcass composition of carcass sides derived from young cattle of Domestic
Spotted breed, of pre-slaughter weights of 500 (group A) and 600 kg (group
B). Heavier cattle had higher share of kidney fat in carcass, whereas the
share of offals showed no significant differences. Statistically significant
difference was registered only in share of toungue (P<0.05), that was higher
in cattle of group A. Share of extra/premium (tenderloin), I category (round)
and II category (loin, back, shoulder) showed no significant differences
between groups of cattle. Statistically significant difference (P<0.05) was
established in the share of III category carcass parts. Share of forearm and
chest was significantly higher in lighter cattle (3.55% and 7.95%) compared
to heavier animals (2.89% and 6.33%), whereas the share of subshoulder was
considerably lower in group A (6.89%) compared to cattle of group B (9.73%).
Data obtained by dissection of main carcass side parts differed significantly
in regard to the share of muscle tissue in round and belly, that was
significantly higher in cattle of group A (P<0.05). Share of fat tissue
(subcutaneous and intermuscular) was higher in cattle of group B in almost
all carcass side parts, however, statistically significant difference between
groups was determined only in round, back, neck and subshoulder. Also, share
of bones in chest differed statistically significantly (P<0.05) and it was
higher in group A (20.09%) compared to cattle of group B (15.52%).