bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microvascular Dysfunction in Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiometabolic Disease
Authors: Horton William B , Barrett Eugene J
Published: October 2020

This review takes an inclusive approach to microvascular dysfunction in diabetes mellitus and cardiometabolic disease. In virtually every organ, dynamic interactions between the microvasculature and resident tissue elements normally modulate vascular and tissue function in a homeostatic fashion. This regulation is disordered by diabetes mellitus, by hypertension, by obesity, and by dyslipidemia individually (or combined in cardiometabolic disease), with dysfunction serving as an early marker of change. In particular, we suggest that the familiar retinal, renal, and neural complications of diabetes mellitus are late-stage manifestations of microvascular injury that begins years earlier and is often abetted by other cardiometabolic disease elements (eg, hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia). We focus on evidence that microvascular dysfunction precedes anatomic microvascular disease in these organs as well as in heart, muscle, and brain. We suggest that early on, diabetes mellitus and/or cardiometabolic disease can each cause reversible microvascular injury with accompanying dysfunction, which in time may or may not become irreversible and anatomically identifiable disease (eg, vascular basement membrane thickening, capillary rarefaction, pericyte loss, etc.). Consequences can include the familiar vision loss, renal insufficiency, and neuropathy, but also heart failure, sarcopenia, cognitive impairment, and escalating metabolic dysfunction. Our understanding of normal microvascular function and early dysfunction is rapidly evolving, aided by innovative genetic and imaging tools. This is leading, in tissues like the retina, to testing novel preventive interventions at early, reversible stages of microvascular injury. Great hope lies in the possibility that some of these interventions may develop into effective therapies.
Suspected Primary Adrenal Lymphoma (PAL) Associated With Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Authors: Kim Tara S , Cheng Kwan , Jaiswal Radhika , Gautam-Goyal Pranisha , Myers Alyson K
Published: October 2020

Adrenal incidentalomas, masses noted on imaging performed for other purposes, are common, with 10% to 15% presenting as bilateral adrenal masses. These cases can be challenging as the differential diagnosis is broad, including metastatic disease, primary adrenal lymphoma (PAL), or infection, and often requiring a biopsy if initial biochemical workup is unrevealing. We present here a relevant case description, laboratory and radiologic imaging studies, and discussion of literature. A 62-year-old Korean woman presented with altered mental status and fevers. She was found to have bilateral adrenal incidentalomas and retained acupuncture needles. Adrenal workup did not show biochemical evidence of hormonal excess. Infectious workup was unrevealing, as was a metal/toxin workup due to retained acupuncture needles. Fevers and episodes of hypotension persisted which prevented the patient from obtaining an adrenal biopsy. Bone marrow biopsy was obtained for pancytopenia and revealed B-cell lymphoma with large cell morphology and few histiocytes with hemophagocytosis, raising concern for lymphoma-induced hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). PAL associated with HLH was highly suspected in our patient, given the large (7 cm) bilateral adrenal masses and bone marrow biopsy findings of lymphoma. The patient was treated for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, with clinical improvement. PAL is a rare but aggressive lymphoma with few reported cases. It should be considered in the differential for both unilateral and bilateral adrenal masses. An early diagnosis is crucial as the main treatment is chemotherapy rather than surgery and it confers a significant survival benefit.
The State of American Entrepreneurship: New Estimates of the Quantity and Quality of Entrepreneurship for 32 US States, 1988–2014
Authors: Guzman Jorge , Stern Scott
Published: October 2020

Assessing the state of American entrepreneurship requires not simply counting the quantity but also the initial quality of new ventures. Combining comprehensive business registries and predictive analytics, we present estimates of entrepreneurial quantity and quality from 1988 to 2014. Rather than a secular pattern of declining business dynamism, our quality-adjusted measures follow a cyclical pattern sensitive to economic and capital market conditions. Consistent with the role of investment cycles as a driver of high-growth entrepreneurship, our results highlight the role of economic and institutional conditions as a driver of both initial entrepreneurial quality and the scaling of new ventures over time. (JEL G24, G32, L25, L26, M13)
Child Care Subsidies, Quality, and Optimal Income Taxation
Authors: Bastani Spencer , Blomquist Sören , Micheletto Luca
Published: October 2020

We study child care subsidies in a Mirrleesian optimal tax framework where parents choose both the quantity and quality of child care. Child care services not only enable parents to work, but also contribute to children’s human capital. We examine the conditions under which child care expenditures should be encouraged or discouraged by the tax system under different assumptions regarding the available policy instruments. Using a quantitative model calibrated to the US economy, we illustrate the possibility that child care expenditures should be taxed rather than subsidized, and we discuss the merits of public provision schemes for child care. (JEL H21, H24, H41, J13)
How Taxing Is Tax Filing? Using Revealed Preferences to Estimate Compliance Costs
Authors: Benzarti Youssef
Published: October 2020

This paper uses a quasi-experimental design to estimate the cost of filing taxes. Using US tax returns, I observe how taxpayers choose between itemizing deductions and claiming the standard deduction. Taxpayers forgo large tax savings to avoid compliance costs, which provides a revealed preference estimate of such costs. I show that costs increase with income, consistent with an opportunity cost of time explanation. These estimates suggest substantial costs of filing federal income taxes, significantly larger than previously estimated using surveys. (JEL H24, H26, H31)
Optimal Income Taxation with Present Bias
Authors: Lockwood Benjamin B.
Published: October 2020

Work often entails up-front effort costs in exchange for delayed benefits, and mounting evidence documents present bias over effort in the face of such delays. This paper studies the implications for the optimal income tax. Optimal tax rates are computed for present-biased workers who choose multiple dimensions of labor effort, some of which occur prior to compensation. Present bias reduces optimal tax rates, with a larger effect when the elasticity of taxable income is high. Optimal marginal tax rates may be negative at low incomes, providing an alternative, corrective rationale for work subsidies like the Earned Income Tax Credit. (JEL D91, H21, H24)
Decompositions and Policy Consequences of an Extraordinary Decline in Air Pollution from Electricity Generation
Authors: Holland Stephen P. , Mansur Erin T. , Muller Nicholas Z. , Yates Andrew J.
Published: October 2020

Using integrated assessment models, we calculate the economic value of the extraordinary decline in emissions from US power plants. Annual local and global air pollution damages fell from $245 to $133 billion over 2010–2017. Decomposition shows changes in emission rates and generation shares among coal and gas plants account for more of this decline than changes in renewable generation, electricity consumption, and damage valuations. Econometrically estimated marginal damages declined in the East from 8.6 to 6 cents per kWh. Marginal damages increased slightly in the West and Texas. These estimates indicate electric vehicles are now cleaner on average than gasoline vehicles. (JEL H23, L94, Q53, Q58)
A computed tomography-based nomogram to predict pneumothorax caused by preoperative localization of ground glass nodules using hook wire
Authors: Liu Junzhong , Liang Changsheng , Wang Xinhua , Sun Minfeng , Kang Liqing
Published: October 2020

Objective:

To develop and validate a CT-based nomogram to predict the occurrence of loculated pneumothorax due to hook wire placement.

Methods:

Patients (n = 177) were divided into pneumothorax (n = 72) and non-pneumothorax (n = 105) groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to build a clinical prediction model using significant predictors identified by univariate analysis of imaging features and clinical factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was applied to evaluate the discrimination of the nomogram, which was calibrated using calibration curve.

Results:

Based on the results of multivariable regression analysis, transfissure approach [odds ratio (OR): 757.94; 95% confidence interval CI (21.20–27099.30) p < 0.0001], transemphysema [OR: 116.73; 95% CI (12.34–1104.04) p < 0.0001], localization of multiple nodules [OR: 8.04; 95% CI (2.09–30.89) p = 0.002], and depth of nodule [OR: 0.77; 95% CI (0.71–0.85) p < 0.0001] were independent risk factors for pneumothorax and were included in the predictive model (p < 0.05). The area under the ROC curve value for the nomogram was 0.95 [95% CI (0.92–0.98)] and the calibration curve indicated good consistency between risk predicted using the model and actual risk.

Conclusion:

A CT-based nomogram combining imaging features and clinical factors can predict the probability of pneumothorax before localization of ground-glass nodules. The nomogram is a decision-making tool to prevent pneumothorax and determine whether to proceed with further treatment.

Advances in knowledge:

A nomogram composed of transfissure, transemphysema, multiple nodule localization, and depth of nodule has been developed to predict the probability of pneumothorax before localization of GGNs.
Prediction of the progression of femoral head collapse in ARCO stage 2-3A osteonecrosis based on the initial bone resorption lesion
Authors: Shi Shan , Luo Ping , Sun Li , Xie Limin , Yu Tong , Wang Zhenchang , Yang Xuedong
Published: October 2020

Objectives:

To predict the progression of femoral head collapse in Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) Stage 2-3A osteonecrosis based on the initial bone resorption lesion.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis of the location, attenuation, and maximum area in coronal position (MAC) of the initial bone resorption lesion in ARCO Stage 2 and 3A was conducted in 85 cases of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). The cases were divided into rapid and slow progression groups according to whether femoral head collapse at follow-up was greater than 2 mm. The characteristics of the bone resorption lesion between the two groups were compared by analysis of variance. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze the MAC, regions of A2, and C1 of bone resorption lesion in predicting collapse progression.

Results:

The MAC of initial bone resorption lesion in rapid progression group (117.8 ± 72.1 mm2) was significantly larger than slow (53.1 ± 39.5 mm2) (p < 0.001). Regions of A2 and C1 involved were significantly higher in rapid than slow progression group. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of MAC, regions of A2 and C1 of bone resorption lesion to predict collapse progression were 0.81, 0.72 and 0.62 respectively. A threshold MAC of 49 mm2 had sensitivity of 86.1% and specificity of 61.9% to predict collapse progression.

Conclusions:

The MAC of initial bone resorption lesion in ARCO Stage 2-3A ONFH can predict the progression of femoral head collapse. If it is greater than 49 mm2 and located in regions of A2 and C1, the possibility of rapid progression is high, active monitoring and intervention should be recommended.

Advances in knowledge:

This study is the first to find that the maximum area in coronal position of initial bone resorption lesion in ARCO Stage 2 or 3A can predict progression of the femoral head collapse with a threshold of 49 mm2. If the maximum area is larger than 49 mm2 and located in the anterolateral or lateral column of the femoral head, the possibility of rapid collapse progression is high, therefore, monitoring should be strengthened and active intervention should be considered.
Lethality model for COVID-19 based on social determinants of health: an approximation in 67 countries
Authors: Manrique-Abril Fred G. , Pacheco-López Mario J. , Téllez-Piñerez Cristian F. , Ortíz-Rico Felipe , Sarmiento-Páramo Juan D.
Published: October 2020

Background: Social, geographic, economic, demographic, and health factors were analysed to identify some social determinants related to case fatality of COVID-19 in 67 countries.

Methods: A mixed generalized linear model with beta distribution with random intercept was used to estimate the effects of the explanatory variables on the lethality for COVID-19 in 67 countries.

Results: The case fatality rate (CFR) was highest in the countries with the highest percentages of people over 60 years of age, the highest number of hospital beds,the highest mortalit yrate from diabetes, and the highest number of COVID-19 tests. Additional increases were seen based on literacy rates, health investment, death rate from cardiovascular disease, poverty rate, ratio of men, number of air passengers mobilized, number of days from the ﬁrst reported case to the start of quarantine, death rate from respiratory infections, and percentage of people living in urban areas.

Conclusions: The statistical model used to predict lethality is novel because it allows the magnitude of the CFR to be analysed over a logistic model that classiﬁes countries considering the presence and absence of deaths. When considering a beta distribution with excess zeros, the model also allows countries without reported deaths due to COVID-19 at the analysed cut-off date to be included.
Case Article—Integrating Network Design Models for a Global Supply Network
Authors: Wu Yong
Published: October 2020

In typical operations research courses, optimization problems, such as transportation and assignment problems, are frequently discussed and taught as stand-alone problems. An integrated approach may prove to be necessary in order to enable students to have a holistic understanding of a complex problem (e.g., a project). In this paper, a global supply network design problem is presented where the case company can source from multiple “suppliers” using multiple modes of transport (including the use of containers with different capacities), allowing lateral supply between warehouses, etc. As more factors are considered, the problem becomes much more complex than any isolated problem in a typical course. The case was tested in an undergraduate course in Australia, and students found this case challenging but at the same time rewarding once solved.
Innovation in the 21st Century: Architectural Change, Purpose, and the Challenges of Our Time
Authors: Henderson Rebecca
Published: October 2020

Understanding the process of innovation has been a central concern of management researchers, but despite this progress, there remains much that we do not understand. Deepening our knowledge is critically important given the enormous environmental and social challenges we face as a society. Pursing incremental innovation will continue to be hugely important, but this paper argues that building a richer understanding of architectural or systemic innovation will also be crucial. This paper suggests that the study of organizational purpose may provide a particularly fruitful avenue for future research.

This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, Special Section of Management Science: 65th Anniversary.
Tryptophan-rich diet can influence sleep quality in different phases of life
Authors: Marins Lais , Franchini Mariana , Polese Jessica Fabia , Guandalini Valdete , Coitinho Juliana Barbosa , Araújo Maria Teresa Martins
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: Avaliar como a ingestão de triptofano (fontes alimentares e suplementação) influencia o ritmo circadiano e a qualidade do sono de humanos e animais em diferentes faixas etárias. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nos Portais de Periódicos PubMed e Capes, considerados no período de 1998 a 2020 nas línguas portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola. A questão norteadora foi: "A ingestão de triptofano através de fontes alimentares e suplementação interfere no ritmo circadiano e na qualidade do sono?”. Os seguintes critérios de inclusão foram utilizados: análise dos descritores (“tryptophan”, “diet”, “sleep”) no título ou resumo do artigo, contextualização da questão norteadora em todo o artigo, tipo de artigo e amostra estudada no artigo. Ao final, 12 artigos foram incluídos no estudo, sendo oito estudos realizados em humanos e quatro em animais. Resultados: Os 12 estudos mostraram que quando a dieta diurna e/ou noturna rica em triptofano, seja por fontes alimentares ou suplementação, é administrada em crianças (n=2), em adultos (n=6), em animais adultos (n=2) e animais jovens e velhos (n=2), houve significativa contribuição para a síntese de serotonina e melatonina. A presença desses mediadores alterou a cronobiologia do ciclo vigília-sono, interferindo na qualidade do sono de humanos e animais. Conclusão: Alimentos que afetam a disponibilidade de triptofano ou sua suplementação e a síntese de serotonina e melatonina foram capazes de organizar o sono dos recém-nascidos, melhorar o sono de adultos e idosos, independentemente dos períodos do dia. Assim, propostas de dietas cronobiologicamente formuladas com triptofano poderiam contribuir para abordagens terapêuticas de baixo custo que contornariam ou reduziriam os distúrbios do sono.
Análise de uma estratégia educativa virtual voltada para o apoio ao aleitamento materno exclusivo
Authors: Cabral Caroline Sousa , Cavalcanti Débora Silva , Barbosa Janine Maciel , Vasconcelos Ana Cláudia Cavalcanti Peixoto de , Faustino Waglânia De Mendonça , Vianna Rodrigo Pinheiro de Toledo
Published: October 2020

Introdução: O aleitamento materno exclusivo é o período em que a criança recebe apenas o leite materno, sem a oferta de demais líquidos ou alimentos. Os benefícios à saúde da criança incluem sobretudo a redução do quadro de diarreias e doenças respiratórias, e isso tem sido um dos principais fatores para a redução histórica da mortalidade infantil. Diante disso, a Organização Mundial da Saúde recomenda essa prática até o sexto mês de vida da criança. A utilização da internet pode ser um recurso promissor para o alcance desse cenário. Objetivo: Este trabalho analisou uma estratégia educativa virtual voltada ao apoio a amamentação materna exclusiva. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, em que foram analisadas as publicações de mulheres de uma comunidade privada da rede social online Facebook, gerenciada por profissionais de saúde. Resultados: O compartilhamento das experiências no grupo evidenciou o aleitamento como uma fase permeada por múltiplas dificuldades físicas, emocionais e sociais. Foram identificadas a sobrecarga de trabalho e a culpabilização das mulheres. As comunicações do espaço virtual, pautadas numa metodologia participativa, fortaleceram o diálogo com as participantes e entre elas. Conclusão: A moderação baseada nas demandas apresentadas pelo grupo possibilitou um apoio oportuno e articulado com as necessidades vivenciadas, promovendo o empoderamento das mulheres no processo de amamentar. Essa iniciativa mostrou-se viável, prática, de baixo custo e com grande potencial de incrementar a duração da amamentação exclusiva entre as participantes.
Acceptability and factors associated with dietary consumption in diabetic patients of a public university hospital
Authors: Rigo Ana Eloísa Machado , Strasburg Virgílio José , Goularte Jéferson Ferraz , Escobar Mariana , Jochims Ana Maria Keller
Published: October 2020

A dietoterapia é essencial para pacientes hospitalizados. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a aceitabilidade das refeições do almoço de pacientes que receberam a dietética para Diabetes Mellitus (DM) e verificar aspectos que podem interferir nesse consumo, como as estações do ano. Estudo quantitativo descritivo que avaliou o consumo da refeição almoço dos pacientes que receberam dietética DM em um período de verão e outro de inverno no ano de 2019. Os dados foram verificados em frequências absolutas, porcentagens, médias, e o teste estatístico foi o de regressão logística com a correlação de dados a um nível de significância de 95% (p <0,05) usando o software SPSS® 18.0. Foram selecionadas duas unidades de internação, com amostra de 49 indivíduos (63,3% do sexo masculino). Das 115 refeições servidas, 55,7% foram parcialmente consumidas ou não consumidas. O desperdício de pratos nas refeições do almoço apresentou média per capita de 64,15 g (consumo de 310,89g) no verão e de 135,99g (consumo de 248,12g) no inverno. O padrão do cardápio foi semelhante nas duas estações. Encontrou-se p <0,05 em relação à temporada na associação do odds ratio univariável. Pesquisas dessa natureza são importantes para auxiliar no prognóstico do paciente.
Efeito da Estratégia Saúde da Família na redução de internações por doenças crônicas não transmissíveis
Authors: Pereira Helena Nayara Santos , Santos Rebeca Isis de Oliveira , Uehara Sílvia Carla da Silva André
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: analisar o perfil de internações por Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (DCNT) e sua relação com a cobertura da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). Método: estudo descritivo, exploratório e de abordagem quantitativa, realizado em São Carlos-SP, no período de 2016 a 2018. As informações foram coletadas no sistema e-SUS e nas fichas de Autorizações de Internação Hospitalar. Os dados foram analisados por meio da estatística descritiva. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de São Carlos. Resultados: destaca-se que as taxas de internação por angina, insuficiência cardíaca, diabetes e hipertensão diminuíram, sobretudo entre 2017 e 2018, quando houve ampliação da cobertura de ESF. Conclusão: a expansão da ESF foi determinante para reduzir as internações por DCNT; contudo, faz-se necessário ampliar os serviços prestados aos usuários, e reavaliar as estratégias de cuidado, especialmente aquelas direcionadas aos idosos e indivíduos acometidos por doenças cerebrovasculares e pulmonares.
Reincorporación al trabajo en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en sectores de industria y construcción en Navarra (España)
Authors: Moreno Sueskun Iñaki , Díaz-González Jorge Alberto , Acuña Juanbeltz Asier , Pérez Murillo Aingeru , Garasa Jiménez Ana , García Osés Virginia , Extramiana Cameno Estrella
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: Analizar el grado de cumplimiento de las medidas preventivas dictadas por la Autoridad Sanitaria frente a la Covid-19 durante las fases de desescalada en empresas del sector industrial y de construcción en Navarra. 

Métodos: Se elaboraron cuestionarios a partir de las medidas establecidas para verificar in situ el grado de aplicación. El personal técnico de prevención del Servicio de Salud Laboral (SSL) del Instituto de Salud Pública y Laboral de Navarra y de los servicios de prevención ajenos (SPA) visitaron las empresas para asesorar, comprobar y requerir, en su caso, el cumplimiento de las medidas dictadas.

Resultados: El grado de cumplimiento de las medidas es mayor en industria que en construcción. Se han generalizado las prácticas de limpieza, los recursos higiénicos y la disposición de elementos de protección respiratoria. La aplicación de medidas necesarias en los lugares comunes (baños, comedores) es menos frecuente. Hay carencia de cartelería informativa y de constancia escrita de las instrucciones preventivas. Se observan diferencias de varios resultados entre la labor desarrollada por los SPA y por el SSL. 

Conclusiones: Se han detectado debilidades en la consecución de espacios seguros en el trabajo en los sectores de la construcción e industria durante la fase de desescalada en el contexto de la pandemia de la Covid-19. Debe ser reconsiderado el papel de la salud pública en las empresas y la integración de los servicios de prevención en las políticas públicas frente a los riesgos laborales.
Deep-learning based multi-modal retinal image registration for the longitudinal analysis of patients with age-related macular degeneration
Authors: De Silva Tharindu , Chew Emily Y. , Hotaling Nathan , Cukras Catherine A.
Published: October 2020

This work reports a deep-learning based registration algorithm that aligns multi-modal retinal images collected from longitudinal clinical studies to achieve accuracy and robustness required for analysis of structural changes in large-scale clinical data. Deep-learning networks that mirror the architecture of conventional feature-point-based registration were evaluated with different networks that solved for registration affine parameters, image patch displacements, and patch displacements within the region of overlap. The ground truth images for deep learning-based approaches were derived from successful conventional feature-based registration. Cross-sectional and longitudinal affine registrations were performed across color fundus photography (CFP), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), and infrared reflectance (IR) image modalities. For mono-modality longitudinal registration, the conventional feature-based registration method achieved mean errors in the range of 39-53 µm (depending on the modality) whereas the deep learning method with region overlap prediction exhibited mean errors in the range 54-59 µm. For cross-sectional multi-modality registration, the conventional method exhibited gross failures with large errors in more than 50% of the cases while the proposed deep-learning method achieved robust performance with no gross failures and mean errors in the range 66-69 µm. Thus, the deep learning-based method achieved superior overall performance across all modalities. The accuracy and robustness reported in this work provide important advances that will facilitate clinical research and enable a detailed study of the progression of retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration.
Transformation of point spread functions on an individual pixel scale
Authors: Baumgartner Andreas , Köhler Claas Henning
Published: October 2020

In some types of imaging systems, such as imaging spectrometers, the spectral and geometric pixel properties like center wavelength, center angle, response shape and resolution change rapidly between adjacent pixels. Image transformation techniques are required to either correct these effects or to compare images acquired by different systems. In this paper we present a novel image transformation method that allows to manipulate geometric and spectral properties of each pixel individually. The linear transformation employs a transformation matrix to associate every pixel of a target sensor B with all related pixels of a source sensor A. The matrix is derived from the cross-correlations of all sensor A pixels and cross-correlations of sensor A and sensor B pixels. We provide the mathematical background, discuss the propagation of uncertainty, demonstrate the use of the method in a case study, and show that the method is a generalization of the Wiener deconvolution filter. In the study, the transformation of images with random, non-uniform pixel properties to distortion-free images leads to errors that are one order of magnitude smaller than those obtained with a conventional approach.
Generation and properties of dissipative Kerr solitons and platicons in optical microresonators with backscattering
Authors: Lobanov V. E. , Shitikov A. E. , Galiev R. R. , Min’kov K. N. , Kondratiev N. M.
Published: October 2020

Generation and properties of dissipative Kerr solitons and platicons in optical microresonators are studied in the presence of the backscattering using the original analytical model considering a linear forward-backward waves coupling and nonlinear cross-action. We reveal that the backscattering may suppress the generation of the solitonic pulses or destabilize them for both anomalous and normal group velocity dispersion. We also demonstrate the possibility of switching between different soliton states. The influence of the linear and nonlinear coupling is analysed. It is shown that while the impact of the nonlinear coupling on the generation of the bright solitons is rather weak, it is significantly more pronounced for the platicon excitation process.
Kollaborative Robotikanwendungen an Montagearbeitsplätzen
Authors: Rusch Tobias , Ender Hannah , Kerber Florian
Published: October 2020

Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojektes SynDiQuAss wird untersucht, wie Assistenzsysteme an bisher wenig automatisierten Arbeitsplätzen zur Verbesserung der Arbeitsbedingungen von WerkerInnen sowie zur Produktivitätssteigerung eingesetzt werden können. Kollaborative Robotersysteme ermöglichen neue Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten gerade in Montageprozessen. Anhand des Anwendungsbeispiels eines Getriebeherstellers wird in diesem Beitrag die Applikation eines kollaborierenden Systems für die variantenindividuelle Kleinserienmontage betrachtet. Als wesentliche Herausforderungen werden dabei die Schnittstellenkonzeption einer datengestützten Integrationsplattform für digital vernetzte Assistenzsysteme sowie die sichere Interaktion zwischen Mensch und Roboter in beschränkten Kollaborationsräumen diskutiert. Anhand des Anwendungsbeispiels werden daraus Auslegungskriterien und -empfehlungen für die Integration kollaborativer Roboter in ein spezifiziertes Gesamtsystem an Montagearbeitsplätzen abgeleitet.
RNA structure prediction using positive and negative evolutionary information
Authors: Rivas Elena
Published: October 2020

Knowing the structure of conserved structural RNAs is important to elucidate their function and mechanism of action. However, predicting a conserved RNA structure remains unreliable, even when using a combination of thermodynamic stability and evolutionary covariation information. Here we present a method to predict a conserved RNA structure that combines the following three features. First, it uses significant covariation due to RNA structure and removes spurious covariation due to phylogeny. Second, it uses negative evolutionary information: basepairs that have variation but no significant covariation are prevented from occurring. Lastly, it uses a battery of probabilistic folding algorithms that incorporate all positive covariation into one structure. The method, named CaCoFold (Cascade variation/covariation Constrained Folding algorithm), predicts a nested structure guided by a maximal subset of positive basepairs, and recursively incorporates all remaining positive basepairs into alternative helices. The alternative helices can be compatible with the nested structure such as pseudoknots, or overlapping such as competing structures, base triplets, or other 3D non-antiparallel interactions. We present evidence that CaCoFold predictions are consistent with structures modeled from crystallography.
On the whereabouts of SARS-CoV-2 in the human body: A systematic review
Authors: Trypsteen Wim , Van Cleemput Jolien , Snippenberg Willem van , Gerlo Sarah , Vandekerckhove Linos
Published: October 2020

Since SARS-CoV-2 appeared in the human population, the scientific community has scrambled to gather as much information as possible to find good strategies for the containment and treatment of this pandemic virus. Here, we performed a systematic review of the current (pre)published SARS-CoV-2 literature with a focus on the evidence concerning SARS-CoV-2 distribution in human tissues and viral shedding in body fluids. In addition, this evidence is aligned with published ACE2 entry-receptor (single cell) expression data across the human body to construct a viral distribution and ACE2 receptor body map. We highlight the broad organotropism of SARS-CoV-2, as many studies identified viral components (RNA, proteins) in multiple organs, including the pharynx, trachea, lungs, blood, heart, vessels, intestines, brain, male genitals and kidneys. This also implicates the presence of viral components in various body fluids such as mucus, saliva, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, semen and breast milk. The main SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor, ACE2, is expressed at different levels in multiple tissues throughout the human body, but its expression levels do not always correspond with SARS-CoV-2 detection, indicating that there is a complex interplay between virus and host. Together, these data shed new light on the current view of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and lay the foundation for better diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 patients.
Polish Lace Makers: Gender, Heritage, and Identity, Anna Sznajder (2020)
Authors: Quarini Carol
Published: October 2020

Polish Lace Makers: Gender, Heritage, and Identity, Anna Sznajder (2020)

London: Lexington Books, 320 pp., ISBN 978-1-49858-431-9, £75.00
Ecologia Humana e Justiça Cognitiva: Comensurabilidade e Autorias nos Conhecimentos produzidos com os Povos Tradicionais /
Authors: Santos Carlos Alberto Batista , Tomáz Alzení De Freitas , Gonçalves Maria Elizabeth Souza , Morimitsu Paulo Wataru
Published: October 2020

O conceito de Ecologia Humana ainda se apresenta bastante complexo, sobretudo, no que se refere ao seu nível de abrangência, as incertezas acerca do comportamento humano e, as complexas interações ambientais entre a espécie humana e os demais seres. A inquietação quanto à ética nas manipulações das relações com a natureza, suscita inicialmente, pensar numa ética de como se constrói ciência na Ecologia Humana.  A pesquisa documental realizada teve como unidades de análise uma amostragem das dissertações produzidas, nas primeiras turmas de egressos, 2012 a 2016, totalizando 50 dissertações, que estão disponíveis no site da PPGEcoH. Utilizou-se da técnica do IRaMuTeQ 0.7 alpha 2 e gephi, como um software livre distribuídos sob a GNU GPL (v2) que permitiu a análise estatística do corpo dos textos e tabelas individuais. Os resultados apontaram que os constructos produzidos, possuem correlações e significância metodológica quanto aos princípios determinados pela PPGEcoH, onde tecnicamente há similitude entre os sujeitos da pesquisa e o método, no entanto, os fluxos de abordagens das pesquisas nas verificações de possibilidades epistemológicas pouco evidenciaram equidade cognitiva para atingir uma ética emancipatória nas relações e na autoria dos conhecimentos em âmbito da Ecologia Humana.
A Poética de Miró: Uma Representatividade Negra e Periférica da Literatura Brasileira Contemporânea / Miró's Poetics: A Black and Peripheral Representation of Contemporary Brazilian Literature
Authors: Florêncio Roberto Remígio , Trapiá Filho João de Sá Araújo , Viana Ana Maria De Amorim , Melo Adriana Soely André Souza
Published: October 2020

O presente estudo procura direcionar olhares sobre a poética de Miró (2016) com temáticas voltadas à ausência dos autores negros e negras no cânone literário brasileiro ainda nos dias atuais. Ocasionada por séculos de histórias negadas ou terceirizadas, que negaram/negam a presença de escritores e poetas afro-brasileiros, a Literatura Brasileira acaba por demonstrar um desfalque na pluralidade cultural do país. A partir dos conceitos sobre Literatura Marginal e Periférica, os estudos abrem discussões utilizando os textos do poeta pernambucano para apresentar resquícios desse racismo estruturado na formação dos estudos literários brasileiros. Os métodos de pesquisa são baseados em revisão literária, em que autores como Ribeiro (2013; 2017) e Bosi (1994), apontam entendimentos sobre os principais conceitos e a interpretação dos textos poéticos oferecem compreensão das críticas sociais construídas pela produção contemporânea de Miró.
O Papel do Enfermeiro na Auditoria Hospitalar / The Role of Nurses in Hospital Auditing
Authors: Bonfim Gleice Soares
Published: October 2020

Resumo: A auditoria em saúde assegura a qualidade dos serviços prestados ao cliente que busca o atendimento hospitalar, e, além disso, oferece muitos benefícios para a instituição, pois é no decorrer deste processo que as falhas são corrigidas e as chances de acerto são maximizadas. A presente revisão de literatura teve por objetivo apresentar o papel do profissional da enfermagem enquanto auditor, assim como os benefícios oferecidos na auditoria em saúde e controle de qualidade na prestação de serviços ao cliente nos serviços hospitalares. Espera-se contribuir para o conhecimento profissional neste ramo em crescimento e desenvolvimento, assim como mostrar a importância do enfermeiro nessa área.
ANAIS DO V CONGRESSO SAÚDE DA MULHER DO CARIRI / ANNALS OF THE 5th CARIRI WOMEN'S HEALTH CONGRESS
Authors: Brayner Patrícia Maria De Albuquerque , Oliveira Tainã Brito Siebra de , Feitosa Neto José De Araújo , Lima Brena Suianne Pereira , Lima Bruna Raynara Novais
Published: October 2020

O  Congresso  de  Saúde  da  Mulher  do  Cariri  (CONSMUC)  é  organizado anualmente  pelo  Programa  de  Atenção  à  Gestante  (ProGest), projeto  de  extensão vinculado à Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Cariri, sob orientação da professora efetiva do curso de medicina Patrícia Maria de Albuquerque Brayner. O congresso aborda temáticas importantes na área de Saúde da Mulher. Esse ano, em sua V edição, foi realizado nos dias 10, 11 e 12 de Setembro de 2020 em versão on- line, abordando como temática principal a “Sexualidade da Mulher”, envolvendo temas fundamentais, como gestação, puerpério, climatério e menopausa.
Regulamentação da Prostituição: Implicações Sócio-Normativas na concretização de Princípios Constitucionais / Regulation of Prostitution: Socio-Normative Implications in the realization of Constitutional Principles
Authors: Soares Vinícius Efraym Siqueira Lopes , Tomé Ana Carolina De Araújo , Santiago Alcylanna Nunes Teixeira , Silva Jardel Pereira da
Published: October 2020

Resumo: Em compasso com a evolução histórica da humanidade, é latente que preponderou na maior parte das sociedades, em quaisquer tempos, a submissão da mulher em relação ao homem, interligada por uma relação de dominação, não permitindo a plena realização sexual da mulher. As prostitutas representam o rompimento com tal paradigma, afrontando-o, de forma reacionária a sociedade ojeriza, marginalizando-as legislativamente e juridicamente. Analisa-se a regulamentação da prostituição como meio de concretizar o supraprincípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, nessa perspectiva, as experiências internacionais e os projetos nacionais de regulamentação são objeto de análise.
Os Novos Desafios dos Professores de IES no Pós Pandemia: Um Estudo Realizado Com Docentes das Instituições de Ensino Superior de Juazeiro do Norte - Ceará / The New Challenges of University Teachers in Post Pandemic: A Study Conducted with Teachers from Higher Education Institutions in Juazeiro do Norte – Ceará
Authors: Cordeiro Marcus Vinicius Cruz , Coelho Nágila Batista , Saraiva Piedley Macedo , Rodrigues Tayronne De Almeida , Pinheiro Adriana De Alencar Gomes
Published: October 2020

Resumo: Este trabalho objetivou verificar os desafios encontrados pelo corpo docente para superar as dificuldades do ensino geradas na Pandemia da COVID-19, bem como os modelos adotados para uma melhoria na qualidade de ensino por meio de um grupo de professores das Instituições de Ensino Superior da rede pública e privada de Juazeiro do Norte-CE. Os professores relataram vários desafios enfrentados nas instituições com a retomada das aulas e diversas questões a serem discutidas no ensino pós Pandemia relacionado ao modelo semipresencial, remoto e EAD, entre eles a falta de recursos tecnológicos, treinamento específico e falta de domínio das ferramentas.  Os professores também colocaram que para um ensino pós Pandemia será necessário investir em recursos tecnológicos, capacitação de docentes e discente e mais investimento das instituições públicas e privadas. A Metodologia aplicada neste trabalho foi a pesquisa bibliográfica de natureza qualitativa, descritiva, exploratória e entrevista com instrumento de coleta de dados.
Programa de Desenvolvimento de Equipes: Projeto Piloto para Formação de Equipes de Alta Performance em uma Instituição Pública de Ensino Superior / Team Development Program: Pilot Project to Build High Performance Teams in a Public Institution of Higher Education
Authors: Brito Kátia  Daniele Dutra , Soares Maria Alinele Lucena , Feitosa Lílian Cavalcante , Melo Sabrina Sueli Lucena , Souza Francisca Cristiane Gomes de , Oliveira Gislene Farias de
Published: October 2020

Resumo: As áreas de capacitação, treinamento e desenvolvimento em educação vem adquirindo maior importância estratégica. Estas tem sido consideradas como estratégicas em termos de retornos mais significativos para as organizações.  Para que isso aconteça a contento, torna-se necessário que o processo de capacitação obedeça a um alinhamento com as diretrizes da organização, bem como com o contexto e ambiente em que os servidores estejam inseridos. Também se torna imprescindível que os resultados das ações sejam sempre avaliados, possibilitando um ciclo permanente de melhorias a cada capacitação ofertada. Tratou-se do relato de um estudo de natureza exploratória, quantitativo e qualitativo, cujo instrumento utilizado foi um questionário com questões abertas e fechadas, disponibilizadas no Google forms. Participaram 28 servidores, sendo que 9 desistiram ao longo do processo. Resultados: Observou-se certo pioneirismo da UFCA em inserir novas metodologias de trabalho ao possibilitar, modernas modalidades de aprendizagens, com a finalidade de obter resultados que certamente se refletirão na prática e nas interações funcionais no ambiente de trabalho. Assim, considerou-se que o presente trabalho alcançou os objetivos propostos quanto ao treinamento das equipes participantes, através de métodos e políticas de gestão inovadoras. Palavras-chave: Capacitação, Desenvolvimento de equipes, Alta Performance.
Um Estudo Sobre o Papel do Pedagogo no Âmbito Empresarial / A Study on the Role of the Pedagogue in the Business Environment
Authors: Silva Bárbara Alves da , Lopes Cícera Alves Nunes
Published: October 2020

Resumo: A pesquisa teve como objetivo um estudo para se fazer conhecer as atuações do pedagogo dentro de espaços não escolares, dando evidencia a área empresarial, desmistificando que o mesmo se restringe apenas à docência, pois devido as suas inúmeras qualidades é extremamente qualificado para ocupar funções dentro de qualquer instituição de trabalho, não sendo a empresa uma exceção, já que é dotado de criatividade, liderança e autorresponsabilidade, podendo então ocupar um cargo no setor de Recursos Humanos sendo o braço direito do gestor, executando tais funções com maestria. Nossa base teórica é de autores renomados como Libâneo (2001), Holtz (2006), Ribeiro (2007), entre vários outros que argumentam o papel do pedagogo dentro de instituições não escolares, dissertando que o mesmo só tem a contribuir para com a empresa e seus colaboradores, desempenhando nos funcionários um crescente avanço no desenvolvimento profissional e pessoal levando-os ao cumprimento dos objetivos da empresa. Além da pesquisa bibliográfica realizada, utilizamos uma entrevista qualitativa, contendo oito perguntas abertas para que a entrevistada ficasse a vontade, a mesma foi  feita com a empresária Amanda Cordeiro, que atua em uma empresa no estado de Alagoas, confirmando na pratica o que expomos no referencial teórico, como o fato da profissão ainda ser pouco conhecida dentro da sociedade e da empresa. A empresária também é dona de um canal no Telegram, onde participam vários outros pedagogos empresariais, os quais compartilham as suas vivências e conhecimentos bibliográficos, sem esquecer do Instagram, no qual a mesma compartilha conteúdos de pedagogia empresarial. Concluímos então que este trabalho se faz necessário na medida que estamos falando de uma bela profissão, que, no entanto, ainda não tem o devido reconhonhecimento por parte da sociedade e também da empresa, sendo a disseminmação do tema a chave para a mudança.
Teacher industry placement in Australia: Voices from vocational education and training managers
Authors: Schüller Annamarie , Bergami Roberto
Published: October 2020

An important aspect of vocational education and training (VET) teaching is education that is strongly linked to current industry practices. While this is a desirable pursuit, there are considerable challenges in it being implemented owing to increasingly changing work environments and the notion of ‘industry currency’. One way for VET teachers to remain up to date with contemporary industrial practices is for VET to pursue teacher placement in industry (TPI) opportunities. TPI is an agreement in terms of which the VET teacher is seconded to a firm for a period of time in order to perform predefined tasks. The resulting benefits include enhanced teaching practices and the development of deeper, long-term links with industry. However, TPI opportunities are not without their challenges. This article reports on an exploratory study of the views of VET education managers of business studies on the value of TPI. Because management support is integral to creating TPI opportunities, we explored the extent to which TPI is desired and supported by education managers. We found that policies supporting TPI initiatives, if they are in place, are not well formulated, and that a lack of resources and difficulties in finding industry partners exist. Despite these problems, education managers believe that these activities are of value to teaching programmes and of benefit to their department. We conclude that TPI should be an integral part of any VET professional development for teachers, but that, in order for TPI to be successful, appropriate resourcing and the development of strong industry networks are paramount.
Motivating styles in dual, initial vocational education and training
Authors: Gross Valentin , Berger Jean-Louis , Wenger Matilde , Sauli Florina
Published: October 2020

In Switzerland, individuals who follow the typical dual form of an initial vocational education and training (VET) programme to learn a trade do so at two main learning sites: a training company and a vocational school. In this context, apprentices’ motivations differ noticeably between the school and the training company. Based on the self-determination theory constructs of motivating styles, basic psychological needs, and autonomous versus controlled motivations, this study aims to understand how apprentices perceive their teachers’ and trainers’ motivating styles, control and autonomy support at the two learning sites. Three hundred and twenty apprentices provided written answers to open-ended questions. We coded the data using thematic analysis. While the exercise of control appeared to be rather similar at the two learning sites, autonomy support varied greatly. At the vocational school, autonomy support was expressed through teachers’ listening skills and availability; at the training company, it was related to independence and equal recognition of apprentices and employees. The apprentices perceived teachers as having a more controlled motivating style and in-company trainers as having a more autonomy-supportive style. At the school, control was described primarily as organisational pressure and teachers’ demands, whereas, at the training company, it was reflected in a lack of recognition and thankless tasks. We discuss the relationship between motivating styles and the satisfaction of basic psychological needs in the context of dual VET.