bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temperature dependency of the growth rate of (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 on Cu-xNi substrates
Authors: Tan Xin Fu , Razak Nurul Razliana Abdul , Husain Muhammad Hafiz , McDonald Stuart , Nogita Kazuhiro
Published: December 2019

Cu6Sn5 is the most common intermetallic compound (IMC) in lead-free solder joints, and is also a promising anode material for advanced lithium-ion batteries. It has been reported that the growth rates of (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 in Sn-based solder alloy/Cu-xNi substrate couples are greatly accelerated compared to the intermetallic layers that form on a pure Cu substrate. Due to the faster growth rates, solidification can progress through a transient-liquid-phase reaction in commercially relevant timeframes. The complete reaction of the liquid Sn in the couple will result in a joint that is stable at high temperatures. Furthermore, the presence of Ni in the intermetallic suppresses the formation of a Cu3Sn layer and stabilises the (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 preventing a polymorphic transformation on cooling along with the associated induced strains. This study investigates the growth rates of (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 in Sn/Cu-xNi couples, where 0 <= x <= 14 wt%, and reports on the effect of temperature on the growth rates at temperatures above the melting point of Sn (231.9°C) between 232°C and 300°C. The results show the highest growth rates occur in the Sn/Cu-6Ni couples, and there is an increase of the (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 growth rate with increasing temperature due to faster diffusion and reaction rates.
Effect of different ratio of geopolymer paste based fly ash-metakaolin on compressive strength and water absorption
Authors: Azhar Nor Shida Dalila Mohd , Zainal Farah Farhana , Abdullah Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri
Published: December 2019

This paper presents the effect of different solid to solid (S/S) ratio by mixing the fly ash and metakaolin as geopolymer paste on the compressive strength and water absorption. Fly ash is a waste materials produced by combustion of coal at power plant while metakaolin was obtained by calcining the kaolin at 750 °C for 4 hours. Different weight percentage of S/S ratio of fly ash/metakaolin used were 50%:50% (Mix 1), 70%:30% (Mix 2) and 90%:10% (Mix 3). Alkaline activators that act as binder were sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) solutions. The ratio of Na2SiO3/NaOH is 2.5 to 1. The mixture then placed into cylinder mould and left for 7, 14 and 28 days before it be tested. The product obtained were observed and it shows that Mix 2 has highest compressive strength for 28 days that was 41.22 MPa and has lower water absorption. The pore size decreases and permeability also decreases hence the strength potentially improve.
The influence of Copper and Bismuth element in Sn-Ag solders and ENIMAG substrate
Authors: Zolhafizi Jaidi , Azlina Osman. Saliza
Published: December 2019

The addition of copper and bismuth elements in Sn-Ag solders on interfacial reaction during reflow soldering and isothermal aging of SA25 and SACB25051 was investigated. The growth of intermetallic compound (IMC) was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscope (OM) and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX). The results show the irregular circle shapes of (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 IMC at the interface of solder joint for SA25 while rod-like shape for SACB25051 during both reflow soldering process and isothermal aging. The SACB25051 solder showed the thinner IMC thickness compared to SA25 solder for both conditions. The Cu and Bi element in Sn-Ag solder promotes a slower growth rate of IMC formation during interaction. The thickness and morphology of the IMC for both solders increase gradually with increasing of aging time.
Decolorization of reactive red 2 dye by using pva- polyaniline immobilized system
Authors: Razak Mohd Fairul Sharin Abdul , Salleh Mohd Nazry , Azani Azliza , Zakir Nurul Izzati Muhammad
Published: December 2019

The immobilized of polyaniline (PANi) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in bilayer system were studied base on several operational condition parameters such as loading and pH of the reactive red 2 dye solution. The PVA/PANi immobilized system was prepared by coating the PVA layer followed by deposition of PANi onto the surface of the glass plate. In this system, the addition of PVA particles works as binder between the PANi and the substrates. It was found that, PVA/PANi works as absorbent in this system and shown good response towards to the adsorption process of RR2 dye. This process can be seen by the decolorization ofthe dye. This decolorization was influenced by several factors which related to the interaction of dye with PVA/PANi composite and also during conditioning of dye as well. As a result, the adsorption process of RR2 dye in the immobilized system showed the best removal of dye under aerated system with the solution condition at pH 7. The percentage of dye removal was increased linearly with the amount of loading PVA/PANi. The rate of adsorption of dye was high at the beginning and after 30 minutes and onwards, all loading absorption rate has drop and the reading started to plateau indicates the surface areas of the system were nearly filled up by the dye particles. Thus, the highest adsorption was achieved was at 80 % removal after two hours. Indeed, by prolonging the time did not change the colour of the solution indicated to the maximum adsorption capacity of the process has been achieved.
Molecular dynamics simulation of the nano- reinforced lead-free solder at different reflow soldering process temperature
Authors: Sahrudin Intan Norshalina , Aziz Mohd Shahrizal Abdul , Abdullah Mohd Zulkifly , Salleh Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd
Published: December 2019

Temperature plays an important role in the reflow soldering process. Reflow soldering process which involving four basic stages including preheating, soaking, reflow and cooling require a specific range of temperature at each stage and the highest temperature is the reflow stage. In this study, the movement of the reinforced nanoparticles in the lead-free solder at three different stage temperatures which are 30°C,150°C and 250°C will be shown via Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator (LAMMPS) software. The simulation model able to show the movement of nanoparticles in the solder at three different reflow soldering process stages. The most vigorous movement of nanoparticles is shown at the temperature of 250°C while the least vigorous movement is shown at room temperature of solder which is at 30°C.
Characterization of geopolymer ceramic reinforced Sn-0.7Cu composite solder: Effect of milling time and speed.
Authors: Mostapha Marliza , Salleh Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd , Abdullah Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri , Thiaghu Maiteli , Zaimi Nur Syahirah Mohamad , Ahmad Romisuhani
Published: December 2019

The effect on the addition of optimally ball milled kaolin and fly ash geopolymer ceramic as reinforcement on the morphology and electrical properties of Sn-0.7Cu composite solder were explored. Geopolymer ceramics from fly ash class F and kaolin were prepared using geopolymer technology, milled at various speed and time. 1.0 wt. % of each sample were used to form composite solder via microwave sintered through powder metallurgy method. Structural characterization via SEM reveals that kaolin geopolymer ceramics has nano-sized subangular powder particles with larger amount of open porosity compared to fly ash geopolymer ceramics when milled at optimum speed and time. Four Point Probe test results showed a decreasing trend of electrical resistivity for kaolin geopolymer ceramics as the milling speeds and times increased. Overall, the results compared to electrical resistivity of other composite solder with various typical ceramic reinforcement additions, proves that kaolin geopolymer ceramics reinforcement to be the best option so far in term of morphology, electrical properties and its sustainable manufacturability.
Magnetic properties of TPU/NR blends: low loading NiZn and LNR added
Authors: Ahad Nor Azwin , Ahmad Sahrim Hj
Published: December 2019

Thermoplastic polyurethane and natural rubber blending are able to change the origin properties polymer material. Then, this blend was added with magnetic filler, NiZn at low loading of 1wt% to 5wt%. Other than that, liquid natural rubber (LNR) was also added as compatibilizer. The previous study presented, NiZn ferrite at 3wt% in TPU/NR blend is the optimum filler loading, but LNR was not unbeaten in its role as compatibilizer. The addition of this magnetic filler enhanced the magnetic properties on saturation magnetization and remanence magnetization but decreased the value of coercive force.
The appearance of machining burr as a cracking failure on twistlock pin
Authors: Mohd Wahid Mohamad Fitri , Rizam Shamsudin Saiful , Syazwan Sanusi Mohamad , Rajaselan Wardan , Azmi Rahmat
Published: December 2019

The failure analysis of the twist lock pin made of alloy steel is presented. The pin was visually observed to have a cracking character at curvature area after 45,000 cycles. Some non-destructive inspections were previously done. However it failed to detect any crack defect. The twist lock pin sample was further macro and microscopic analysis. The analysis found that the surface discontinuities that were previously presumed as a cracking morphology was actually a machining burr and improper machining marks. There were some micro- and nano-sized pinholes dispersed over the metal matrix of the twistlock pin sample. The microstructure of the twistlock pin was tempered martensite structure.
Removal of iron in rice husk via oxalic acid leaching process
Authors: Pa Faizul Che , Kein Wong Kok
Published: December 2019

Rice husk (RH), an agricultural waste which has been used as an alternative source for silica (SiO2). In order to produce high purity amorphous SiO2 from RH, acid leaching pre-treatment was required to remove the metallic impurities, followed by calcination at 800 °C to obtain the ashes. This research was studied about using oxalic acid as the leaching agent to remove iron (Fe) content in RH. The experimental parameters used in this study were acid concentration, reaction temperature, and leaching time. Based on the chemical composition analysis, the highest SiO2 content of 99.30% and the lowest Fe2O3 content of 0.43% were to be found in RHA which had treated under optimum parameters of 1.0 M of oxalic acid concentration, 90 °C of reaction temperature and 3 hours of leaching time. In addition, the particles of TRHA were observed with a tubular porous structure and irregular shape due to the leaching effect. Phase analysis by x-ray diffraction show that the amorphous SiO2 was confirmed as a broad diffused peak. It’s been found in the 2θ angle range of 18° to 30° with no crystalline peak observed.
Wettability and thermal properties of Sn-0.7Cu- 0.05Ni-xZn solder alloy
Authors: Ramli Mohd Izrul Izwan , Salleh Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd , Saleh Nurul Ashikin , Amli Siti Farahnabilah Muhd
Published: December 2019

This study investigate the effect of Zn additions on wettability and thermal properties of Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni lead-free solder alloy. The additional of alloying element have been developed by using casting technique with different percentage of Zn which is 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt.%. The Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni-xZn solder alloy samples were then analyzed by using the optical microscope (OM) to observerse the wettability perfomance by contact angle. From this study, it was found that different composition of Zn affected the wettability and thermal properties of Sn- 0.7Cu-0.05Ni solder alloys. The addition of 0.5 wt.% has slightly increase the melting point while the addition of higher than 1.0 wt.% Zn can decrease the melting temperature. The addition of 0.5 wt.% of Zn also can reduce the undercooling of solder alloy. Thus, the minor addition of Zn for Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni can influence the wettability and thermal properties of solder alloy.
Effect of crumb rubber type on macroballoons towards physical and mechanical properties in syntactic foams
Authors: Zakaria Zunaida , Sathivelu Tiyagu
Published: December 2019

The effect of crumb rubber types on physical and compression properties of macroballoons in syntactic foams was investigated. Expanded polystyrene (EPS) beads were used as initiation material for starting up the macroballoons. The epoxy and hardener system were prepared to be coated with EPS beads and these coated EPS beads were later cured and post-cured to shrink the EPS beads thus producing epoxy macroballoons (EM). The prepared epoxy macroballoons then were coated with different crumb rubber type which is rejected NBR glove crumb (CG-EM) and waste tire rubber crumb (CT-EM). The EM, CG-EM, and CT-EM were then filled in the epoxy mixture to produce syntactic foam. The fabricated syntactic foam was characterized through physical and compression properties, respectively. Results indicated that the syntactic foam embedded with CT-EM shows high density, reduced radius ratio, and high compressive properties. The syntactic foam embedded with CT-EM shows the highest compressive strength and compressive modulus as compared to syntactic foam embedded with CG- EM and EM. The inclusion of the crumb rubber as the coating layer results in high energy absorption and stress transfer in syntactic foam.
Influence of NiO to SDC ratio on the properties of Ni-SDC cermet prepared via reduction process
Authors: Abdullah Salmie Suhana Che , Ismail Siti Sarah
Published: December 2019

This works presents the preparation of Ni-Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 (Ni-SDC) ceramic-metal from reduction of NiO-Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 (NiO-SDC) ceramics for application of solid oxide fuel cell. NiO-SDC powder with different weight percentage of NiO and SDC (100% NiO + 0% SDC), (80% NiO + 20% SDC), (70% NiO + 30% SDC) and (60% NiO + 40% SDC) was pelletized and sintered at 1400 °C for 4 hours. Then, pellet samples were undergone reduction process using mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen gas with concentration of 40% H2 and 60% N2 at 800 °C for 2 h. Phase analysis was done using X-ray Diffraction and it was found that for all samples, NiO was completely reduced to Ni, meanwhile SDC was remained in its phase. The density of the samples decreased after reduction, results in more porous samples were obtained. It was found that increasing NiO content lead to sample with higher porosity. The surface morphology of the samples was observed by using the Scanning Electron Microscopy.
Influence of kaolin geopolymer ceramic additions to the wettability and electrical properties of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305) lead free solder
Authors: Zaimi Nur Syahirah Mohamad , Salleh Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd , Abdullah Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri , Mostapha Marliza , Ahmad Romisuhani
Published: December 2019

The effect of kaolin geopolymer ceramic addition to the wettability and electrical resistivity of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305) lead free solder was successfully explored. Powder metallurgy with microwave sintering method was used to fabricate SAC305 composite solder. Five different weight percentage (wt.%) of kaolin geopolymer ceramic (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 wt.%) were used in this study. The wettability of composite solder revealed the optimum contact angle was achieved at 1.0 wt.% with 20.8 °. Then, the electrical resistivity of composite solder showed significant change in the resistivity value.
Enhanced thermal and microstructure properties of Sn-1.0Ag-0.7Cu based lead-free solder with Titanium Oxide addition
Authors: Said Rita Mohd , Saud Norainiza , Nasir Norhayanti Mohd , Salleh Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd , Derman Mohd Nazree , Ramli Mohd Izrul Izwan
Published: December 2019

This paper presented the effects on thermal and microstructure properties of Sn–1.0Ag–0.7Cu (SAC107) lead-free solder alloy with the addition of titanium oxide (TiO2) particles. The SAC107 solders were reinforced with 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 weight percentage (wt.%) of titanium oxide (TiO2) particles to produce SAC107+TiO2 solder alloy composite. The solder alloy was prepared by microwave–assisted powder metallurgy route. Based on the results, it showed that the addition of TiO2 particles influenced the properties of the solder alloy composite by refining the intermetallic compound (IMC) at the bulk microstructure area and slightly decreasing the melting temperature.
Transient liquid phase bonding for solder-a short review
Authors: Saud Norainiza , Said Rita Mohd
Published: December 2019

The issues on the replacement of high Pb solder for high power module application has been a major concern among researchers since Pb could caused toxicity to the environment. Alternatively, transient liquid phase (TLP) has becomes a potential bonding technology for high power module devices. Typical TLP bonding for solder is a bonding method that using an interlayer of low and high temperature metal. However, a new transient liquid phase bonding which dealing with solder in the form of powder and paste has been developed. Both bonding methods have successfully increased the melting temperature of the bonded alloys higher than the bonding temperature as will be discussed further.
Flexural Properties of Al/Floral Foam Sandwich Composite Prepared by Hand Lay Up Process
Authors: Firuz Zainuddin , Shing Leong Chit , Fadzli Syed Adam Syed Nuzul
Published: December 2019

The flexural properties of aluminum sheet as the facings and floral foam as the core in layered sandwich composite were studied under three-point bending test. Adhesion of core onto aluminum sheets was done by manually spreading mixture of epoxy resin and hardener via hand lay-up procedure. There were four system studied, which are single foam-core sandwich system until four foam-core sandwich system. It was found that single foam-core sandwich has the highest flexural strength over the range of Al/floral foam-core sandwich system. The single foam-core sandwich has a well stress or total load distribution as compared to other three types of sandwiches. The smaller thickness to width ratio of single foam-core system is believed to enable the homogenous stress distribution of loading during testing. In addition, several modes of failure found such as delamination, crack and core failure. As the number of layers of sandwich increase, there were more modes of failure occur, which mostly due to the core failure of floral foam.
Study on polylactic acid/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene composites filled with micro- crystalline cellulose
Authors: Shaharin Siti Nursyameza , Wahab Mohamad Kahar Ab
Published: December 2019

The effect of surface treatment by using silane coupling agent with varying ratio of micro -crystalline cellulose (MCC) on polylactic acid (PLA) / acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) blend system were investigated. The study had focused on the blend modification onto the mechanical, structural, morphological and biodegradability properties of PLA/ABS blends. The study showed that the tensile properties of the PLA/ABS blends were deterioriated with increasing in MCC content. The interfacial adhesion was approach by using silane treatment caused by the incorporation of MCC and coupling agent. According to the results, the addition of MCC and surface treatment showed an increasing better in tensile properties as compared to the standardized counterpart. On top of that, the morphological analysis by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) found out that the interfacial adhesion of MCC was improved in both systems which is with and without silane treatement. Both of the systems was obtained having a weight loss during the soil burial test and the biodegradation process in PLA/ABS/MCC blends as proven in biodegradability analysis.
Investigation on Passivation Behavior of Sn- 0.7Cu Solder in Different Polarizing Conditions
Authors: Ho Wai Kuan , Mohamad Ahmad Azmin , Nazeri Muhammad Firdaus Mohd
Published: December 2019

Corrosion behaviour of Sn-0.7Cu solder alloy was evaluated by conducting potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The solder was polarized under the scan rate of 1.0 mV/s and with the scan range from -2 to 1 VSCE. EIS test was performed at the frequency of 10000 Hz to 0.1 Hz. The oxide layer was found on the surface of solder by post-corrosion characterization. XRD results indicate that the main corrosion products formed on the solder after both corrosion tests were tin oxide such as SnO and SnO2. Porous rod-like structure of corrosion product was observed under morphology analysis of Sn-0.7Cu solder. The corrosion product was represented as tin oxide which matched with the result of XRD.
Investigation of Isothermal Oxidation on Heat- treated Fe-40Ni-24Cr Alloy at 950°C
Authors: Parimin Noraziana , Singh
Published: December 2019

In this research, Ni-based superalloy which is Fe-40Ni-24Cr alloy was experienced a heat treatment process to alter the grain size of the sample to observe its influence on the oxidation properties. The alloys were heat-treated at temperatures of 950°C, 1050°C, and 1150°C for 2 hours followed by water quench. The heat-treated alloys were undergoing an isothermal oxidation test at 950°C for 150 hours in laboratory air. The weight gain of oxidized heat-treated alloy was recorded in order to determine the oxidation kinetic of the test samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique was employed in this study to analyze the oxidation behaviour of heat-treated samples. Grain size measurement shows that the grain size increases as the heat treatment temperature increases. The oxidation rate of heat-treated Fe-40Ni-24Cr alloy obeys the parabolic rate law indicating the diffusion-controlled oxide growth mechanism. The fine grain size of alloy heat-treated at 950°C possess a better oxidation resistance and has a lower oxidation rate compared to coarse grain samples. The surface morphology indicate that the fine grain heat-treated alloy at 950°C shows uniform oxide layer formed on the surface, while alloy heat-treated at 1050°C and 1150°C shows the uneven oxide growth, oxide flaking and oxide spallation.
Assessment of modern rolling stock pulling drive gear reliability
Authors: Bobrytskyi S V , Logvinenko O A , Anatskyi O O , Yehorova I M
Published: December 2019

This paper presents an issue of rolling stock pulling drive gear (PDG) reliability assessment in operation, considering the gear and pitch wheel wear. Among main damages attributive to gear and pitch wheel reject are cheeping of teeth, peeling, plastic deformation. It is noted that the PDG reliability assessment shall be reasonably carried out upon a significant probability of their fail-safe operation that is determined by the rolling contact fatigue resistance. The provided mathematical study design on the PDG reliability assessment of ER-2 electrical multiple train and the corresponding mathematical model PH
.=f(Δ
1
, Δ
2
) is developed. The auxiliary curve is added to the reasonable selection of gear-pitch wheel pair. The provided materials allow to reasonably select gear-pitch wheel pairs obtaining the maximum pulling drive gear fail-safe operation probability values that result in the reliability increase. Recommendations on the further application of the suggested approach during repair of pulling drive gears of modern rolling stock are provided.
Simulation model for the collision of the individual components of dry mixes with the inner surface housing during their preparation in high-speed twin-rotor turbulent mixer
Authors: Emeljanova I A , Blazhko V V , Dansheva S O , Shyshko N S
Published: December 2019

To mix the components of dry construction mixtures, various mixer designs are used. Forced mixers are considered the most effective. The mixing of the components in the working space of the forced action mixers is carried out due to the repeated action of the working body on them. In the process of multiple interaction of the working body and the particles of the mixture, they are repeatedly moved in the working space of the mixer. The nature of the movement of the particles of the mixture in the working space is chaotic in nature, which makes it impossible to determine the necessary time for preparing a homogeneous mixture. To ensure high uniformity of the prepared mixtures, it is proposed to use the design of a new mixer with a cascade principle of mixing the components of the mixture. To determine the trajectories of the mixture components in the working space of the mixer of a new design, it is proposed to use the results of the presented analytical studies.
Simulation of performance of subway wooden sleepers and determination of their tense state using Lira software complex
Authors: Fast D A , Shramenko V P , Starukh O S , Ivanchenko O V , Strachnyi I L
Published: December 2019

The article uses the software complex Lira for the calculation of wooden sleepers, in which the finite element method in the form of displacements is used. FEM provides for making a system of equations that is solved by considering each individual finite element, which is very easy to implement and thus is an important advantage of the method. The purpose of its use is to calculate the wooden sleepers for strength and to determine its bearing capacity. The following types of finite elements were chosen to simulate the upper track structure in the subway tunnel: universal rod-type spatial finite element (type 10) and universal finite element of spatial problem of the elasticity theory (type 31). To design a spatial model, a section of the rail with seven sleepers in the subway tunnel was simulated and loaded with one axle of the car, since the influence of the adjoining sleepers on the estimated sleeper is negligible. They were divided into eight-node tetragonal parallelepiped-shaped finite elements. In order to simulate a sleeper encased in track concrete, a movement restriction was introduced at its points of contact with track concrete. The loads are applied to the rail above the middle sleeper symmetrically relative to its middle and are assumed as concentrated forces on each track line. The part of the sleeper above the culvert is not supported by track concrete and can move freely in all directions. To obtain the values of stresses, the maximum-stress theory of strength is used.
Theoretical studies of the deformability and stress state of sleepers in the subway tunnel
Authors: Fast D A , Shramenko V P , Gonchar R A , Pashchenko V V , Radionov H A
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this article is to perform the calculation of this design for the strength of the sleepers in compression according to the “The Strength and Stability Calculation Rules for Railway Track”, which has not been used before. Wooden sleepers in the subway tunnel are encased in track concrete with 2/3 of their length resting on the concrete base. Under the action of rolling stock, stresses and deformations occur in the upper track structure elements. Their dependence on the forces affecting the track is complicated and hard to define. To solve the strength calculation problem, some prerequisites were assumed, and a design diagram and model were created. The magnitude of the vertical modulus of elasticity of the rail pad of the non-ballast track on wooden sleepers in the subway tunnel, the horizontal modulus of elasticity of the track rail, the dynamic vertical pressure of the wheel on the top of the rail, as well as estimated normal stress in the sleeper under the pad were calculated to determine the vertical forces acting on the rail pad of the intermediate rail fastening. The results obtained from the calculation of the wooden sleeper using the “The Strength and Stability Calculation Rules for Railway Track” showed that its bearing capacity is ensured.
Peculiarities of determining the bearing structure load of the body of articulated open wagon made of round pipes
Authors: Fomin O , Lovska A , Bukatova O , Yarenchuk L , Chimshir V
Published: December 2019

The article highlights the peculiarities of creating a wagon of articulated type, the supporting elements of which are made of round pipes. To determine the dynamic load of an open wagon, a mathematical model has been developed, which includes the movement of the open wagon body during the action of longitudinal force on the automatic coupler. The mathematical model solution has been implemented using the Runge-Kutta method in the MathCad software. Accelerations obtained as a component of dynamic load have been taken into account when calculating the strength of the bearing structure of the wagon body. The strength analysis has been carried out using the finite element method implemented in the CosmosWorks software. The results of the calculations showed that the maximum equivalent stresses are within the permissible ones. The strength margin of main elements of the wagon bearing structure and the critical oscillation frequencies are determined. The conducted research will help to develop recommendations on the design of articulated open wagons and increase their operation efficiency.
Formation of geoinformation provision elements of railway networks for logistic transportation management
Authors: Kukhar M A , Kasyanov V V , Shuldiner J V , Maliavin A N , Voronkov O A
Published: December 2019

At present, there is a transition from automated design to information modeling in the road industry. The paper submitted by of using modern software to support the design and operation of railway networks based on materials of geodetic support is carried out in the research. When conducting research is using the scientific methods: measurement, analysis, information modeling. The paper presents an overview of results of the formation of geodetic support of railway routes on the example of real projects. On this basis, by means of geoinformation support was created in the form of conceptual information model of the railway network of Ukraine. The model can be used to solve logistical problems in the field of rail transportation. This module provides a number of opportunities to analyze existing road networks and to design new ones. Results are presented with the help of Topomatic Robur and ArcGIS software systems, in which plans and models of railway networks are developed. Also, the conceptual characterization of the use of geoinformation data in solving the logistic problems of transportation is given. An example is given analyze problem of damage or overlap of the railway track section on the route and to predict an alternative route between the cities of Kharkiv and Odessa.
Methodical peculiarities of state regulation of the wayside protective zones in Ukraine
Authors: Novakovska I O , Zholkevskyi P F , Stetsiuk M P , Ishchenko N F
Published: December 2019

The sizes of the areas of influence, protected zones, and reserved technological areas are contemplated here. There is also an analysis of modern use and following the wayside zones of motorways. The situation with pollution of roadside strips, surface waters, soils, groundwater and roadside vegetation has been analyzed. Solutions on lands protection and creation of prerequisites for the motorway protected zones formation are provided. It has been substantiated that the solution of these problems should be based on the application of mathematical methods and computer simulation with the use of remote sensing and requires detailed geographic research to the level of specific, quantitative justification of transport infrastructure projects in order to ensure optimal land use, recultivation. The comparative analysis of the regulatory requirements of the location highways elements of the and Ukraine, Belarus and the USA roadside territories has been conducted. The advantages of creating space data infrastructure for roadside establishment are elaborated. Establishing the sizes and configuration of the protection zones in the structure of the project documentation for the construction (reconstruction) of highways, as well as their indication in the town planning documentation, on cadastral plans will lead to the introduction of responsibility at the legislative level.
Effects of train driving modes and the rail foundation structure on the rail side wear in small-radius curves
Authors: Potapov D O , Tuley Yu L , Kulik S V , Manuilenko V G , Safoshkina L V
Published: December 2019

Rails are one of the main elements of the upper structure of the railway track. The safety and smoothness of the movement of mobile units depends on their reliable operation. During operation, various defects and damages occur in the rails that can directly threaten the safety of traffic. These defects and damages have different causes and development mechanisms, which depend on many operational factors. Studying the causes of the appearance and development of defects in rails is one of the main tasks to increase the uptime of the railway. The rail side wear continues to be one of the basic reasons for removing rails from the rail track. Earlier studies have demonstrated an apparent effect of unbalanced acceleration, rail track parameters and geometrical irregularities (including bond ones) on rail wear. Mostly, the process is typical for small-radius curves the total length of which in Ukrainian railway network is rather great. The article presents the findings of numerical research into vehicle/track interaction under such operational conditions with consideration of existing and prospective structures of rail fastenings. The authors have concluded that train driving modes and rail foundation structure influence the rate of rail head side wear in small-radius curves on the rail track.
Determination of parameters of cable drums of capstanshunting winches
Authors: Romanovych Yevhenii , Yevtushenko Andrii , Kravets Andrii , Kozar Leonid , Afanasov Georgii
Published: December 2019

The article considers the problem of determining the rational geometric parameters of friction cable drums of capstan shunting winches. The basic technical means for performing shunting works within the cargo yards of railway stations and industrial enterprises are given. Today, shunting locomotives are the most common means of shunting works at railway stations and cargo yards of industrial enterprises. However, using them is not economically feasible for small amounts of shunting. Both sheave-type and capstan shunting winches are often used to move individual cars or groups of cars along the freight front. In the capstan shunting winches, a frictional drum of infinite coiling length is used, which rotates around a horizontal axis. It is established that the known sources give only the theoretical principles of the operation of drums of infinite coiling length and do not contain any practical recommendations for the design and operation of capstan shunting winches. The article provides a theoretical study of the forces of friction that occur between the drum and the cable, as well as between the cable lines when drums with different profiles of working surfaces are used. It was found that in shunting winches, the coefficient of friction of the rope along the drum can increase by 2.5 times, as a result of which it is necessary to increase the curvature of the profile of the drum. Also, friction forces between adjacent branches of a cable wound on a winch drum are considered. On the basis of the conducted study, recommendations on the type and geometrical parameters of cable drums of capstan shunting winches are proposed, which are aimed at extending the service life of traction cables of these mechanisms.
Study of Treatment Efficiency of Wastewater Collected from the Surface of Roads by Natural Zeolite
Authors: Ugnenko E B , Yurchenko V O , Sorochuk N I , Melnikova O G , Viselga Gintas
Published: December 2019

One of the main tasks of raising the technical level of highways, safety and environmental performance is timely and targeted collection and removal of water from the surface of roads and subsequent cleaning of pollution. In modern technologies of water purification processes of water filtering and filtering materials occupy the dominant position. The progressive environmental degradation of water bodies requires constant updating of filter elements, which include higher technological and environmental requirements. The new generation of modern filter materials include zeolites. In order to use the sorbents for the removal of oil, they are to be hydrophobic and, at the same time, absorbing oil well. As a result of comparative evaluation of sorption purification of waste water from the surface of roads, using zeolite and gravel mixture there was determined the efficiency of using alternative materials. The introduction of new methods of treatment using natural zeolites solves the problem of raising the technical level of highways, traffic safety and environmental performance.
Improvement of brake lever transmission for dump cars
Authors: Voloshin D , Afanasenko I , Derevianchuk I
Published: December 2019

The article deals with issues of improved structures of brakelever transmission forindustrial rail cars.The improved dump car structure is an important engineering problem aimed at higher reliability and better technical and economic characteristics of vehicles.The authors evaluatedthe forces acting in the lever transmission of a dump car at various types of brake shoes.The research is concerned with the capacity calculation of the most important transmission elements with the finite element method.By applying the software suite Solid Edge, an example of the improved structure of a lever transmissionwas implemented.The authors evaluated the forces and stresses in a standard transmission structure of these cars at different modes.With the software suite Autodesk Inventor the authors made a capacity test for specialized levers for composite shoes.The results of capacity calculations for the elements of levertransmissionfor dumpcars made it possible to recommend an application of composite materials in place of iron ones.It will considerably decrease carweight and material intensityintechnical service and increase the total reliability of the car.
Improving the output characteristics of planetary hydraulic machines
Authors: Voloshina A , Panchenko A , Panchenko I , Titova O , Zasiadko A
Published: December 2019

Current trends in expanding the field of application of mechatronic systems with a hydraulic drive of active working bodies of self-propelled vehicles necessitates the creation of new designs of hydraulic machines. For mechatronic systems with a hydraulic drive of the active working bodies of self-propelled vehicles, various types of hydraulic machines are used, but special attention is paid to orbital and planetary hydraulic motors. The crank in this hydraulics machines is a rotating hydraulic field formed by the distribution system of the planetary hydraulic motor. The distribution system of the considered hydraulic motor is one of the main mechanisms determining the stable operation of the planetary hydraulic motor. As a result of the research, design schemes, a mathematical apparatus, and a calculation algorithm have been developed that make it possible to justify the angular arrangement of the working and unloading windows of the moving distributor. The angular arrangement of the working and unloading windows of the moving distributor of the planetary hydraulic motor distribution system is substantiated. A technique has been developed for shifting the distribution window of the movable distributor, which allows to reduce fluctuations in the flow of the working fluid, and as a result, improve the functional parameters of the planetary hydraulic motor.
Determination of stresses in thin-walled steel fiber reinforced concrete roofs in the form of hyperbolic paraboloid
Authors: Babych Y M , Andriichuk O V , Uzhehov S O , Pasichnyk R V , Kysliuk D Y
Published: December 2019

The authors have determined the absolute values of deformations of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) in a thin-walled shell in the form of a hyperbolic paraboloid that on the basis of which the experimental stresses arising in the shell are determined. The article presents the results of theoretical studies of stresses in thin-walled shells of steel fiber reinforced concrete in the form of hyperbolic paraboloid (hypar), which were determined on the basis of the developed calculation method based on the equations of the moment theory of shallow shells. To solve the basic equations, the authors generalized the method of double series of Fourier, which takes into account the curvature of torsion of the hypars. The solution for the non-fixed hypars with rectangular shape was found through the double series of Fourier with additional application of the iteration method. The coefficients in the series are determined analytically using recurrence formulas. An approach to the study of the stress-strain state of rectangular hypars with a fixed contour is proposed.
Results of experimental research of deformability and crack-resistance of two span continuous reinforced concrete beams with combined reinforcement
Authors: Babych Y M , Savitskiy V V , Andriichuk O V , Ninichuk M V , Kysliuk D Y
Published: December 2019

The article presents the analysis of deformability of the continuous reinforced concrete beams under single load. The authors conducted experimental studies of two-span reinforced concrete beams in which classical rebar frames and dispersed reinforcement of concrete with steel fibers were combined. To investigate and compare the effect of such reinforcement on the stress-strain state of the beams, test specimens were made with three different variants of the steel fiber volume distribution, but with the same relative percentage of reinforcement. During the study, the redistribution of effort in beams, maximum deflections in spans, the formation and development of cracks were recorded. The new experimental data were obtained in the course of the research, based on which it can be concluded that the use of additional disperse reinforcement with steel fibers in the stretched zones of continuous reinforced concrete beams allows to increase the flexural stiffness of the elements, their cracking strength, and durability.
DBN Concrete and reinforced concrete structures intended to operate under elevated and high temperatures
Authors: Fomin S L , Bondarenko Y V , Butenko S V , Plakhotnikova I A
Published: December 2019

Current codes and regulations are applied to the design of concrete and reinforced concrete structures intended to operate under conditions of systematic exposure to elevated and high technological temperatures. It is proposed to develop a statutory instrument to replace the SNiP 2.03.04-84 changing its status for the DBN one. The purpose of the project is to create a new national regulatory instrument, which is based on the modern achievements of science, machinery and technology, advanced domestic and foreign experience of design and construction and at the same time uses theoretical and experimental studies of the updated version of SNIP 2.03.04-84. This regulatory instrument is extremely necessary for the development of national production of Ukraine. The calculation of “Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Structures for High and High Temperature Exposure” begins with the definition using Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1:2005 at normal temperature of 20°C, then is followed by improvements using a mathematical model of the ratio “stress-strain” of concrete at elevated temperatures, refinement of the load-bearing criteria of concrete structures in EN 1994-1-2:2004. The determination of the maximum strain on the basis of the energy approach allowed us to formulate its adjusted dependence on temperature, the values of the parameters of the stress-strain diagram. According to these data, the stress-strain diagrams of concrete during compression and heating according to Eurocode EN 1992-1-2:2004 are calculated using the formulae of the first stage.
Mathematical model of concrete strain diagram under heating
Authors: Fomin S L , Butenko S V , Spirande K V , Iakymenko M V
Published: December 2019

New regulatory documents have been adopted and they have significant differences. Firstly, this is a new concept of calculation, a nonlinear deformation model, and secondly, new approaches to the assessment of reliability, loads and impacts, methods of construction. The calculation consists of two stages. The first begins with the determination of the concrete class at temperature of 20ºC. At the second stage, the calculation is carried out at high temperatures according to Eurocode 2 part 1-2. Comparison of the “stress - strain” diagram of concrete class at compression and temperature of 20ºC by two formulae showed their big gap. There was a need to improve the mathematical model of the ratio of stress-strain of the concrete under elevated temperatures. The method of determination of maximum strain based on energy approach has been developed in the work and allowed to formulate the adjusted dependence of the limit strain on temperature, dependence of maximum strain on temperature, values of the parameters of stress-strain diagram.
Small mobile fortification system for quick installation
Authors: Gasii G M , Hasii O V , Shushkevych V I , Sribniak N N
Published: December 2019

Unfortunately, today local armed conflicts practically do not fade in many points of our planet. Also Ukraine is among such points. The nature of the armed conflict happening in the similar “burning” points received the name of «hybrid» war. In such war there is no obvious front line, deeply echeloned defence and other attributes «classical» wars of the last years. Such war is characterized, in addition, separate armed collisions in the most various, sometimes absolutely unexpected, places. Problem of protection of the military personnel, which have necessary in accordance with the circumstances should be defended not the equipped dominating height with rocky or frozen soil, still remains unresolved. Today attention of the scientific different countries (the USA, Great Britain, Poland) working as in the sphere of individual protection of the military personnel, (bullet-proof vests, helmets and so forth), and in the sphere of small fortification and protection of military equipment, so-called «non-Newtonian» liquids attract. It occurs owing to their specific properties which it was today possible to use for increasing of bulletproof of a barrier. In this aspect authors solve a problem of development of the mobile parapet of fast expansion.
Thermal physical properties estimation of high-rise building fencing construction
Authors: Haponova L V , Hrebenchuk S S
Published: December 2019

Presentation and realization of according to the calculations, it is established that the process of water vapor condensation occurs in the three-layer structure of the outer wall for three months: December, January, February. The condensed moisture evaporates in the other months of the year. The increase in material humidity in the thickness of the structure in which moisture condensation can occur during the cold season is estimated. In this case, the layer is moistened because it is adjacent to the condensation zone on the inner surface of the wall by Δw=1.05%. The estimated increase in the construction material humidity in the cold season Δw=2.2%, exceeds the allowable for thermal insulation characteristics. Also, the distribution of fencing construction partial pressures at an outside air temperature of -23°C indicates moisture accumulation on almost the entire surface of the structure. Numerical implementation was carried out with the development of a constructive solution: the proposed air layer with the mandatory layer ventilation provision (convective air exchange). For this reason, given the inertia of the combined concrete wall, it is permissible to decide on the need for the wall interior of aerated concrete blocks.