bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review on Non - Carbonated Beverages (Soft Drinks)
Authors:   Student, Department of Applied engineering, Vignan’s Foundation for science Technology&Research, Vadlamudi., Pavan kumar Goud P , Ramya sri K ,   Asst.Professor, Department of Applied engineering, Vignan’s Foundation for science, Technology &Research, Vadlamudi., Sai Krishna K ,   Student, Department of Applied engineering, Vignan’s Foundation for science Technology&Research, Vadlamudi., Harshanvardhan M ,   Student, Department of Applied engineering, Vignan’s Foundation for science Technology&Research, Vadlamudi.
Published: June 2022

Non-Carbonated soft drinks are a significant segment of global beverage markets. They are made by adding glucose directly to the beverage or to the water used to dilute a concentrated syrup. Glucose can come from a variety of industrial sources, but it must meet appropriate standards. Glucose levels vary depending on the product. Typical ingredients and packaging styles are discussed. Most products are pasteurized during the filling and processing process to ensure microbiological safety and stability. Natural mineral water is briefly discussed as well. Life line springs pvt.ltd., processes non-carbonated beverages with pasteurization, water treatment, blending, and other processes using materials such as water, sugar syrup, glucose, flavors, and finished product package coding (date, batch no. etc).
Development of Method and Validation of Related Substances In NAPROXEN Injection by Applying Stability Indicating HPLC Methodology
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam-530 017, INDIA, Kameswara Rao Ch. V , Ramakrishna K ,   Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam-530 017, INDIA, Kumar Abbaraju V D N ,   Dept. of Environmental Science, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, 530 045, INDIA
Published: June 2022

A validated HPLC method was developed for the determination of Naproxen in pharma formulation. Isocratic elution at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min was employed on NOVAPAK C18 4μm (3.9 x 150 mm) or equivalent, or similar is used for this chromatography analysis. Acetonitrile as 500v/v, water as 490 v/v furthermore Glacial Acetic acid as 10v/v is used a mobile phase. The UV detection wavelength was 254nm and 10.0µl sample was injected. The run time is About 120minutes for Sample, Unmarked, Placebo, System suitability, Sensitivity solution and 60minutes for diluted Regular. The Approximate retention time was founded for Naproxen is ± 3 minutes. The% R.S.D Naproxen was identified. The mean Percentage recovery for Naproxen is found within the specification limit. The method was validated as per the ICH guidelines. Thus, the proposed HPLC method can be successfully applied for routine quality control analysis of formulations. This method developed is simple and is better than the methods reported in the literature. Key words: RP-HPLC Refractive index detector, Naproxen, flow rate, column, ICH Guidelines, USP reference
A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON THE SURROGACY (REGULATION) ACT, 2021 VIS-A-VIS THE ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY (REGULATION) ACT, 2021
Authors:   Associate Professor, Birla School of Law, Birla Global University, Gothapatna, Bhubaneswar, odisha, Mishra Itishree , Khamari Chandi Prasad ,   Research Scholar, P G Department of Law, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla, Odisha
Published: June 2022

Surrogacy is a process or procedure where a woman consents to be pregnant for other intended/desired parents who are unable to conceive due to medical/natural reasons. Overall, to say that, this is an agreement that implies a consensus ad idem between both the parties i.e., the surrogate mother, and the expected parents. From ethical and moral perspectives, it’s helpful, but some instances prove it to be a wringing of all three; surrogate, locum tenens baby and in-fecund couple. The union government keeping in view the advantages and disadvantages, has taken numerous drives to control and to bridle the ART centers. The Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill was passed by the Lok Sabha on 19th December,2018 and the same has received President’s assent on 25th Dec, 2021 in order to practice and process of surrogacy. Similarly, the Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Act, 2021 has also received the assent of the president for the regulation and supervision of the Assisted Reproductive Technology herein after called as ART. This is a significant pace taken to end commercial surrogacy in India. This article, attempts to put forth the effort to contemplate the notion of surrogacy and surrogacy law in India. To a greater extent, the paper also focuses on the idea of the malleability of surrogacy in mythology. It is appropriate to note here that in India commercial surrogacy is legal. Many infertility couples, even outsiders approach India for their carving to set off parents. Albeit both the parties acquire good sake out of this procedure, however, there are some indubitable legal proceedings which are exceptionally mind-boggling and entail, inscribed and set on by umbrella legislation. Surrogacy entails a squabble of profuse interests and has memorable effects on the foremost section of the community. Finally, the paper is concluded by giving suggestions. Key words: -Surrogacy, Commercial Surrogacy, Surrogacy Act, Assisted Reproductive Technology, surrogacy and mythology etc.
Removal of Radioactive Gas by Zeolite Filter From Nuclear Power Plants
Authors: OSMANLIOGLU Ahmet
Published: June 2022

During the normal operation of nuclear power plants, some radioactive wastes are produced in the form of particles or aerosol gas in the reactor building. Particulate radioactive aerosols can be produced in a wide variety of particle sizes, possibly in combination with non-radioactive aerosols. Emission of corrosion products and fission products that are activated by the effect of nuclear rays generate aerosols from two sources. These; are created by the adsorption of gases generated by radioactive decay and volatile radionuclides formed during the fission process on the present suspended material. The most important volatile radionuclides that form the gaseous radioactive waste produced during the normal operation of nuclear power plants are halogens, noble gases, tritium, and carbon-14. The composition and amount of radioactivity present in the various airborne waste streams depend largely on the reactor type and release path. All gaseous waste from nuclear power plants must be treated before discharging into the atmosphere. In this paper, radioactive radon gas was used to represent the radioactive gases generated from nuclear power plants and natural zeolite was used as adsorbent material for radon removal. A series of experiments were conducted to measure the performance of the filter made in the zeolite. First of all, an approximate particle distribution size in the range of 1 to 3 mm was obtained by grinding natural zeolite. The ground material was then compressed in cylindrical adsorbent moulds of 35 mm diameter and 10 mm height. After the moulds were filled with the material, they were dried by heating to 110 ° C for 24 hours. At the end of the heat treatment, the adsorbent beds were cooled and connected to the test apparatus. RAD7 radon test device was used in the experiments. The RAD7 is a portable instrument that uses a solid-state alpha detector to measure radon gas concentrations in the range of 4.0-750,000 Bq / m3. The sampler of the RAD7 device works by drawing an air sample from an inlet filter into a 0.7 L sample cell covered with an electrical conductor. At the centre of the hemisphere, the cell is a planar silicon detector implanted with an ion to measure radioactivity. As result of the experiments, it shows that the zeolite filter absorbs 85% radioactive radon gas and can be used as an air filter in nuclear power plants.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODEL TO EXAMINE THE IMPACT OF INFRASTRUCTURE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH AND CONVERGENCE
Authors: Mačiulytė-Šniukienė Alma , Butkus Mindaugas , Davidavičienė Vida
Published: June 2022

Core infrastructure, which covers transportation, information and communication (ICT), energy, water and sanitation systems, plays a significant role in economic growth. The development of core infrastructure – one of the European Union (EU) Cohesion Policy (CP) priorities – is heavily funded. However, it remains unclear whether these investments achieve the main aim, i.e. contribute to economic growth and convergence between EU countries and especially regions. A theoretical model addressing the identified issues is needed to assess the impact of infrastructure on economic growth and convergence comprehensively and as accurately as possible. To reach this aim, first, we have disclosed the definition of infrastructure and its structure. Also, we discussed different approaches to the relationship between infrastructure and economic growth. We developed a theoretical model for evaluating infrastructure impact on economic growth and convergence. Moreover, based on the neoclassical approach, we specified an econometric model that includes indicators of different types of infrastructure and assessed growth and convergence outcomes of infrastructure development. Even though we find that infrastructure positively affects growth and convergence, the estimated impact is not statistically significant except for some types of ICT and transport infrastructure.
3D Hydrodynamical Simulations of Helium-ignited Double-degenerate White Dwarf Mergers
Authors: Roy Niranjan C. , Tiwari Vishal , Bobrick Alexey , Kosakowski Daniel , Fisher Robert , Perets Hagai B. , Kashyap Rahul , Lorén-Aguilar Pablo , García-Berro Enrique
Published: June 2022

The origins of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are still debated. Some of the leading scenarios involve a double detonation in double white dwarf (WD) systems. In these scenarios, helium shell detonation occurs on top of a carbon-oxygen (CO) WD, which then drives the detonation of the CO core, producing an SN Ia. Extensive studies have been done on the possibility of a double helium detonation, following a dynamical helium mass-transfer phase onto a CO-WD. However, 3D self-consistent modeling of the double-WD system, the mass transfer, and the helium shell detonation have been little studied. Here we use 3D hydrodynamical simulations to explore this case in which a helium detonation occurs near the point of Roche lobe overflow of the donor WD and may lead to an SN Ia through the dynamically driven double-degenerate double-detonation (D6) mechanism. We find that the helium layer of the accreting primary WD does undergo a detonation, while the underlying CO core does not, leading to an extremely rapid and faint nova-like transient instead of a luminous SN Ia event. This failed core detonation suggests that D6 SNe Ia may be restricted to the most massive CO primary WDs. We highlight the nucleosynthesis of the long-lived radioisotope 44Ti during explosive helium burning, which may serve as a hallmark both of successful as well as failed D6 events, which subsequently detonate as classical double-degenerate mergers.
Obesity and Mitochondrial Function in Children: A case–control study
Authors: Al-Kataan Muhammad A. , Fawzi Mazin Mahmoud
Published: June 2022

OBJECTIVES: Childhood obesity has increased over the past years worldwide. Therefore, changes in mitochondrial function as the risk factors of obesity in children need to consider.

AIM: The study aimed to evaluate the connection between obesity and mitochondrial function in obese children.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study was a case–control study conducted in the primary school children in Mosul city. The study included 100 children, with an age ranged from 6 to 12 years. Fifty child with obesity (BMI ≥ 95th percentile) for children enrolled in this work and compared to 50 control with BMI <95th percentile. Mitochondrial function assessed by measurement of serum lactic acid, lactate/pyruvate ratio, and L-carnitine and mt-DNA copy number.

RESULTS: Serum lactate and the lactate/pyruvate ratio were significantly higher in obese children than in the control group, while serum pyruvate levels in children with obesity are not significantly different from those in the control group. Serum levels of L-carnitine and mt-DNA copy number significantly reduced in obese children comparison to the control group.

CONCLUSION: Changes of mitochondrial function may be involved in obesity of children.
Clinical Case Report: Cardiac Myxoma in Pregnancy
Authors: Balmukhamedova Zhanar , Derbissalina Gulmira , Zemlyanskaya Natalya , Blyalova Dariga
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND: This article describes cardiac myxoma in a pregnant woman at 15 weeks of gestation.

CASE PRESENTATION: A large left atrial myxoma, despite the asymptomatic clinical presentation, was diagnosed during echocardiography. Given the significant risk of cardiac complications, the tumor was surgically removed at 19 weeks gestation. The postoperative period as well as the second and third trimesters of pregnancy were uneventful. At 40 weeks of gestation, live full-term baby was born by vaginal birth mode of delivery without any apparent pathology.

CONCLUSION: This case demonstrates the significance of timely diagnosis and treatment of myxoma as well as the need for continuous monitoring at different stages of pregnancy and their positive impact on disease outcome.
Association between Blood Copper Levels and the Incidence of Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Martineta Meriza , Siregar Yasmine , Ahmad Herwindo
Published: June 2022

Background: Ischemic heart disease is one of the interrelated disease amongst cardiovascular disease group. Pathophysiological model of ischemic heart disease and myocardial ischemia are caused by obstructive atherosclerotic plaque, which involves the narrowing of small blood vessels that oxygenate the heart muscle by the build-up of plaque. Diet plays an important role in ischemic heart disease. Copper, an essential trace metal micronutrient, is required for myocardial angiogenesis action. Copper deficiency leads to cardiac mitochondrial structural defect and interference in oxidative phosphorylation.
Aims: This study aims to examine the association between blood copper levels amd the incidence of ischemic heart disease.
Methods: A total of 30 patients in cardiovascular clinic in Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital in Medan, Indonesia from September 2021 until January 2022 were included in this cross-sectional study, with descriptive analytics. Demographic data, smoking behavior, supplement consumption, anthropometry measurements, body mass index, medical history were collected. Food frequency questionnaire (semiquantitative FFQ) was used to obtain food recall data. Blood level of copper were analysed in Prodia Clinical Laboratory.
Results: Out of 30 patients in this study, 70% were male with a mean age of 60.6 years old. Research subjects who had risk factor of smoking were as much as 33.3%. Comorbidities such as dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus were apparent, which were 63.3% and 30%, respectively. Sixty percent of the subjects were sedentary with mean body mass index 25.9 kg/m2. Median level of copper consumed daily was 1400 mcg/day and mean blood copper level was 1034,5 mg/L. Based on the blood copper level analysis of the subjects, we found  an insignificant negative correlation between blood copper level with the incidence of ischemic heart disease (r = -0.050; p <0.795).
Conclusion: This study found no association between blood copper levels and the incidence of ischemic heart disease.
Harris hawks optimization algorithm and BP neural network for ultra-wideband indoor positioning
Authors: Chen Xiaohao , Fu Maosheng , Liu Zhengyu , Jia Chaochuan , Liu Yu
Published: June 2022

Traditional back propagation neural networks (BPNNs) for ultrawideband (UWB) indoor localization can effectively improve localization accuracy, although there is high likelihood of becoming trapped in nearby minima. To solve this problem, the random weights and thresholds of the BPNN are optimized using the Harris Hawks optimization algorithm (HHO) to obtain the optimal global solution to enhance the UWB indoor positioning accuracy and NLOS resistance. The results show that the predicted trajectory of the HHO and BPNN hybrid algorithm (HHO-BP) matches the actual position in the two-dimensional localization scenario with four base stations; the optimized average positioning error is effectively reduced in both indoor LOS and NLOS environments. In the LOS environment, the total mean error of the traditional BPNN algorithm is 6.52 cm, which is 26.99% better than the UWB measurement error; in the NLOS environment, the total mean error of the conventional BPNN is 14.82 cm, which is 50.08% better than the UWB measurement error. The HHO–BP algorithm is further optimized on this basis, and the total mean error in the LOS environment is 4.50 cm, which is 22.57% better than the conventional BPNN algorithm; in the NLOS environment, the total mean error is 9.56 cm, which is 17.54% better than the conventional BPNN algorithm. The experimental findings suggest that the approach has greater calibration accuracy and stability than BPNN, making it a viable choice for scenarios requiring high positional precision.
Evaluation of the Public Health Emergency Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Daegu, Korea During the First Half of 2020
Authors: Lee Hwajin , Kim Keon-Yeop , Kim Jong-Yeon , Kam Sin , Lee Kyeong Soo , Lee Jung Jeung , Hong Nam Soo , Hwang Tae-Yoon
Published: June 2022

Objectives: This study evaluated the response in Daegu, Korea to the first wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic according to a public health emergency response model.Methods: After an examination of the official data reported by the city of Daegu and the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as well as a literature review and advisory meetings, we chose a response model. Daegu’s responses were organized into 4 phases and evaluated by applying the response model.Results: In phase 1, efforts were made to block further transmission of the virus through preemptive testing of a religious group. In phase 2, efforts were concentrated on responding to mass infections in high-risk facilities. Phase 3 involved a transition from a high-intensity social distancing campaign to a citizen participation–based quarantine system. The evaluation using the response model revealed insufficient systematic preparation for a medical surge. In addition, an incorporated health-related management system and protection measures for responders were absent. Nevertheless, the city encouraged the participation of private hospitals and developed a severity classification system. Citizens also played active roles in the pandemic response by practicing social distancing.Conclusions: This study employed the response model to evaluate the early response in Daegu to the COVID-19 pandemic and revealed areas in need of improvement or maintenance. Based on the study results, creation of a systematic model is necessary to prepare for and respond to future public health emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic.
Les récits historiques, entre production et réception : remarques sur le laboratoire biblique
Authors: Gabriel Frédéric
Published: June 2022

Comme d’autres textes, les récits historiques nous renseignent autant par leur contenu que par les mécanismes et les déterminations dont ils se font l’écho. Conjointement à l’élaboration discursive se déploie une construction sociale. En outre, la réception peut être aussi importante que les rédactions précédentes, et les remaniements nécessaires à l’usage des récits témoignent d’une contemporanéité productrice d’un sens indissociable, à terme, de l’histoire initiale. La Bible est l’un des exemples par excellence de ce travail subtil de la mémoire en faisant déjà l’exégèse d’elle-même, mais elle est surtout une matrice omniprésente dans la structuration des identités découlant d’interprétations différenciées qui finissent par s’opposer.
L’évocation de l’histoire et de la place de l’église arménienne dans l’église universelle dans les discussions théologiques arméno-grecques au XIIe siècle
Authors: Augé Isabelle
Published: June 2022

Dans la seconde moitié du XIIe siècle, l’Église grecque et l’Église arménienne entrent en contact pour tenter de trouver un moyen de se rapprocher. Les sources qui informent l’historien sur ces tractations sont essentiellement des sources épistolaires conservées en grec pour une partie mais, surtout, en arménien. Les catholicoi impliqués dans ces pourparlers ont maintes fois envoyé des professions de foi à l’empereur ou au patriarche de Constantinople, dans lesquelles ils tentent de justifier leur foi et leurs usages. Dans celles-ci ils font parfois référence aux conciles œcuméniques, pour montrer que leur église, orthodoxe, les a acceptés. Ces différents conciles sont surtout évoqués dans deux missives du catholicos Grigor Tłay qui serviront de fil rouge à notre article.
Regards croisés sur la réforme du secondaire I à Neuchâtel
Authors: Winz-Wirth Kilian
Published: June 2022

Depuis 2015, le canton de Neuchâtel répartit ses élèves du secondaire I en classes hétérogènes avec des niveaux dans certaines disciplines.
Comment le corps enseignant a-t-il vécu l’annonce de cette réforme ? Comment perçoit‑il aujourd’hui ses effets ? Les pratiques pédagogiques se sont‑elles adaptées ?
Ce livre présente les résultats d’une étude exploratoire à la démarche originale : basée sur des entretiens semi-directifs, elle nous amène au plus près de l’expérience des enseignant·es.
En creux, elle révèle la nature des relations entre le corps enseignant et le corps politique, donne à réfléchir aux attentes divergentes des différents acteurs et actrices impliquées dans cette réforme, et aux nécessaires adaptations pédagogiques qu’il reste à trouver.
Enseigner la catégorisation pour apprendre à catégoriser
Authors: Maire Sardi Béatrice
Published: June 2022

Pourquoi apprendre à catégoriser ? Comment enseigner la catégorisation ?
Pour réguler des conduites et des interactions adaptées à notre environnement, nous devons très tôt opérer des distinctions et des catégorisations face aux objets du monde. Catégoriser et conceptualiser ces objets est ainsi un processus universel indispensable pour s’adapter à son environnement. Ce processus fondamental participe à d’autres processus cognitifs comme la perception d’objets et la compréhension de concepts, la mémorisation ou encore la résolution de problèmes. La catégorisation joue donc un rôle essentiel dans l’apprentissage car elle est impliquée dans de nombreuses activités cognitives, des plus simples aux plus complexes.
Les questions de l’apprentissage et de l’enseignement de la catégorisation sont abordées à travers l’expérience singulière d’un entraînement à la catégorisation dans une classe 1-2P HarmoS. Du point de vue de l’enseignement, cette recherche a permis d’identifier les gestes professionnels requis pour enseigner la catégorisation à l’aide d’un outil adapté. Du point de vue des apprentissages, c’est l’impact des activités proposées sur le développement de la catégorisation chez des enfants de 5‑6 ans qui sera mesuré.
Biodiversité des lacs des Pyrénées : améliorer les connaissances pour une gestion conservatoire
Authors: Prud'homme François , Blanc Frédéric , Gouix Nicolas , Osorio Victor , Rollet Sylvain , Ventura Marc , Jupille Olivier
Published: June 2022

Les lacs pyrénéens hébergent une biodiversité spécifique et cependant mal connue notamment en raison des conditions d’accès (marche d’approche et milieu aquatique). Des investigations étaient nécessaires pour que des programmes de conservation et/ou de gestion sur la faune et la flore des lacs puissent être envisagés sur la base d’une connaissance plus complète, robuste et partagée. Bien que situés en tête de bassin, les lacs de haute montagne restent soumis à différentes pressions anthropiques (hydroélectricité, pastoralisme, pollution atmosphérique, introduction de poissons…). Ils sont également particulièrement recherchés et fréquentés pour diverses activités touristiques, sportives ou de loisirs. L'activité halieutique est ainsi très présente sur la chaîne pyrénéenne. Les lacs de haute montagne, naturellement apiscicoles dans la grande majorité des cas, ont fait l'objet d'introductions de poissons (salmonidés, vairons) particulièrement depuis la fin du XIXe. Ces empoissonnements n'ont pas été sans conséquence sur le fonctionnement et la richesse de ces écosystèmes, devenant de nos jours l'une des pires menaces. Les lacs de haute montagne constituent aussi des milieux privilégiés pour mettre en place un réseau de suivi standardisé du changement climatique et de la biodiversité à l’échelle de la chaîne pyrénéenne. Trois années d’études partenariales autour d’un projet transfrontalier (programme Green : Gestion et mise en réseau des espaces naturels) ont permis de s’appuyer sur un réseau de 36 lacs dans 3 pays (Espagne, Andorre et France) sur lesquels ont été réalisés des inventaires standardisés. Ceux-ci ont porté sur la flore (plantes vasculaires, characées et bryophytes), la faune (mammifères semi-aquatiques, amphibiens, et certains groupes d’insectes) ainsi que des données environnementales (bathymétrie, qualité de l’eau, structure des berges…). Les inventaires ont donné lieu à la production d’une grande quantité de données naturalistes inédites. Ces données permettent d’esquisser des premières synthèses pyrénéennes et de dresser un état des lieux de la biodiversité lacustre des sites retenus. Elles permettront aux gestionnaires de faire des choix éclairés quant aux sites à restaurer ou conserver et donc de définir une stratégie spécifiquement dédiée à la gestion des lacs de haute montagne. A titre d’exemple, une action de désempoissonnement a été entreprise en 2019 en zone cœur du Parc national des Pyrénées en vue d’un retour à un état apiscicole des lacs d’Araillé. Une des ambitions de ce travail est de remettre la biodiversité des lacs de montagne au cœur des enjeux de conservation des espaces protégés, du réseau Natura 2000 et de la stratégie pyrénéenne de valorisation de la biodiversité.
L’empreinte stagnustre. Un indicateur spatial au service de la compréhension limnique – le cas de la France
Authors: Bartout Pascal
Published: June 2022

Le SEQ (Système d’Evaluation de la Qualité) a été introduit en France par la loi sur l’eau de 1992 afin de remédier aux carences règlementaires et scientifiques dans le domaine de la gestion de l’eau. Cette qualité, pour être opératoire, doit être quantifiée par des indicateurs. Or, pour les plans d’eau, et principalement les étangs puisque ce sont ceux qui sont les plus méconnus du fait de leur triptyque petite taille/connexion au cours d’eau/création humaine, les indicateurs physico-chimiques sont très peu nombreux et partiellement inadaptés aux objets étudiés. Mais les indicateurs doivent aussi quantifier les dimensions spatiales et sociales des plans d’eau puisque les gestionnaires français et européens tentent de mettre en place une GIRE (Gestion Intégrée de la Ressource en Eau). À partir du concept du territoire limnique (Bartout & Touchart, 2017), cet article propose d’explorer la question de l’indicateur spatial stagnustre en France métropolitaine. Pour ce faire, les indicateurs de densité d’étangs et de stagnucité ont été envisagés de façon systémique permettant de générer l’indicateur d’empreinte stagnustre, construit sur le modèle intellectuel de l’empreinte écologique, à l’instar de l’empreinte limnique (Bartout & Touchart, 2018). L’étude de l’empreinte stagnustre en France montre une hétérogénéité du fait étang qui fluctue selon le territoire envisagé (France, Union Européenne, Europe géographique), les techniques utilisées, mais également selon la temporalité historique. Ces résultats mettent surtout en lumière des éléments objectifs sur l’importance de gérer les étangs autrement qu’à l’échelle du limnosystème ou de la « masse d’eau » dans certains territoires limniques, mais également contrecarrent des discours subjectifs qui foisonnent en 2020 et dont les médias nationaux et régionaux se font régulièrement les échos en prenant partie pour ou contre les étangs.
Cartographie des services écosystémiques lacustres pour spécifier les aires concernées dans les limnosystèmes des grands lacs alpins
Authors: Baulaz Yoann , Dorioz Jean-Marcel , Peyrache-Gadeau Véronique
Published: June 2022

L’objet de cet article est de proposer une cartographie des aires de fourniture, de demande et des modalités d’accès de trois services écosystémiques (SE) majeurs de deux grands lacs alpins : les lacs d’Annecy et du Bourget. La démarche choisie mobilise les apports de la géographie limnologique pour enrichir une cartographie théorique. Elle se base sur des enquêtes réalisées auprès d’usagers et d’acteurs impliqués dans la gestion des lacs. Les informations récoltées sont traitées pour l’analyse des liens entre les fonctionnements limnologiques et les pratiques des bénéficiaires des services et pour révéler les patrons spatiaux des SE. Cette approche met en avant les spécificités spatiales de chaque SE et permet de dégager des enseignements en vue de leur cartographie et pour la gestion des grands lacs alpins. L’étude révèle que les « SE d’approvisionnement en bio-ressources » des grands lacs se spatialisent en fonction du zonage écologique lacustre et sont dépendants des conditions biophysiques (hydrologiques et l’état des habitats). Les « SE culturels » en revanche sont surtout influencés par les aménagements mis en place pour acheminer et accueillir les bénéficiaires dans les aires de fourniture. Enfin, le « SE d’approvisionnement en eau potable » et certains « SE de régulation » n’ont pas une emprise forte spatialement dans le lac, malgré leur importance sociétale, mais le maintien de leur bon état implique des restrictions fortes des usages et des aménagements dans l’ensemble du bassin versant (BV). Le périmètre de gestion de chacun de ces SE diffère donc : cantonné aux habitats écologiques lacustres, à l’échelle du BV, voire à une échelle pouvant dépasser les limites du limnosystème. Ces résultats servent de base à une discussion méthodologique sur la cartographie des SE, ses verrous en contexte lacustre et à une réflexion autour de la prise en compte de la spatialisation des SE dans la gestion et les observatoires opérationnels des grands lacs pour qu’une place entière et formalisée soit donnée aux enjeux actuels et futurs liés aux changements sociétaux.
Impact de l’arrêt de l’exportation des grumes dans la région lacustre du Gabon : enjeux territoriaux et nouvelles perspectives de développement géotouristique
Authors: Moumbongoyo Rivel , Kombila-Mouloungui Aubin Gildas
Published: June 2022

L’industrialisation de la filière bois constitue l’un des axes majeurs de la loi 016/01 du 31 décembre 2001, portant code forestier en République Gabonaise s’inscrivant dans le cadre de la diversification de l’économie. En effet, la décennie 2010-2020 constitue un tournant important de ce secteur pour le monde rural en général, et l’espace lacustre (bastion d’entreprises historiques) en particulier suite à la mesure d’interdire l’exportation des grumes en 2010. Bien qu’ayant entrainé des retombées positives sur le plan national (hausse de la contribution au PIB), l’arrêt de cette activité dans les lacs de l’Ogooué (lieu de transit), a occasionné une mutation spatiale des anciennes zones d’exploitation observées par un développement géotouristique qui combine les aspects physique et humain des sites visités. Toutefois, l’attractivité du nouveau territoire limnique approprié sous des critères sociaux culturels, exige un aménagement participatif afin de remplir durablement cette vocation.
Precrops and N-fertilizer impacts on soybean performance in tropical regions of Brazil
Authors: Yokoyama Anderson Hideo , Zucareli Claudemir , Coelho Antonio Eduardo , Nogueira Marco Antonio , Franchini Julio Cezar , Debiasi Henrique , Balbinot Junior Alvadi Antonio
Published: June 2022

Precrops have different growth patterns, nitrogen (N) requirements, and production of residues varying in amounts and quality that may affect the N-clycling and the soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) cropped in succession. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of precrops and N fertilization on soybean performance. An experiment was conducted in Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil, with six precrops treatments: fallow, ruzigrass (Urochloa ruziziensis), showy rattlebox (Crotalaria spectabilis), corn (Zea mays) without or with 80 kg ha−1 of N at topdressing as urea, and wheat (Triticum aestivum). Subplots consisted of two levels of N fertilization at soybean sowing: 0 and 30 kg ha−1 of N as ammonium nitrate at sowing. Urochloa ruziziensis as precrops increased the soybean yield (5,171 kg ha-1) when compared with corn (4,346 kg ha-1) and fallow (4,467 kg ha-1). In 2016/17, N fertilization of soybean with 30 kg ha−1 of N at sowing, although increasing the initial plant growth (745 kg ha-1 with vs. 662 kg ha-1 without), impairs nodulation (100 mg pl-1 with vs. 130 g pl-1 without) and does not increase grain yield. Oil and protein concentrations in soybean grains are not influenced by precrops and N fertilization at sowing. We found that the use Urochloa ruziziensis as cover crop in soybean precrops is a good recommendation option in tropical regions of Brazil, because increasing the yield of soybean grown in succession. N fertilization at in soybean sowing it should not be recommended even in the presence of a large amount of straw.
Weed interference in melon crop under semi-arid conditions
Authors: Carvalho Donato Ribeiro de , Silva Tatiane Severo , Teofilo Taliane Maria da Silva , Porto Maria Alice Formiga , Grangeiro Leilson Costa , Souza Matheus de Freitas , Gonçalves Francisco das Chagas , Silva Daniel Valadão
Published: June 2022

The management of weeds in melon is hindered by the slow initial growth of the crop, favouring weed infestation and reducing production. During the years 2016 and 2017, weed interference periods were evaluated in two melon hybrids, yellow and frog skin, to determine the time of weed control in the crop. Four-parameter logistic regression was used to determine the critical weed control period (CPWC). The weed species with the highest occurrences in 2016 were Merremia aegyptia, Senna obtusifolia, and Urochloa plantaginea. In 2017, there was a predominance of M. aegyptia, indicating the possibility of successive cultivation, favouring the predominance of species with growth habits similar to melons. The increase in the period of living with weeds reduced the productivity and quality of melon fruits. Coexistence with weeds throughout the cycle reduced productivity by about 50%. The CPWC was 15 to 58 and 10 to 45 for frog skin and 12 to 52 and 4 to 50 days for yellow melon in 2016 and 2017, respectively, considering a productivity loss of 5%. These results underscore the importance of adopting strategies that allow melons to grow free from the presence of weeds, especially before they are fully established in the growing area.
A GAMLSS approach to predicting growth of Nopalea cochenillifera Giant Sweet clone submitted to water and saline stress
Authors: Costa Álefe Chagas de Lima , Oliveira Antonio Dennys Melo de , Caraciolo João Pedro Soares , Lucena Leandro Ricardo Rodrigues de , Leite Maurício Luiz de Mello Vieira
Published: June 2022

Water and saline stresses are the main factors affecting agricultural production in semiarid regions. The tolerance of forage cactus to water and salt deficit makes it a promising solution, in particular Nopalea cochenillifera. The growth curves for species facing these conditions can provide useful information supporting the cultivation and management of natural populations and carry significant biological importance as growth rate assessment contributes to maintaining species viability. The objective of this study was to estimate the plant height and linear dimensions (length, width, and thickness) of N. cochenillifera Giant Sweet clone growing under water and saline stress. The experiment design was completely randomized, comprising a 4 × 4 factorial, with four water and four salinity levels; there were four replications. In order to estimate plant height in N. cochenillifera Giant Sweet clone as a function of the accumulated thermal sum, generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS) were used to determine water level, saline level, length, width, and thickness. We constructed models using four distributions: the Weibull, Gumbel, Logistic, and Box-Cox power exponential distributions. The models were evaluated using global deviation and the generalized Akaike criterion. The Box–Cox power exponential proved to be the most effective in estimating N. cochenillifera height. This model enabled information relevant to practical environmental management to be obtained, as it precisely defined the optimum salt application and the required amount of replacement water, together with the cladode width for each plant growth stage using the accumulated thermal sum.
Combining ability and potential of s1 popcorn progenies for early selection
Authors: Oliveira André Luís Bombonato de , Rodrigues Cinthia Souza , Silva Guilherme Augusto Peres da , Sawazaki Eduardo , Barros Vera Lúcia Nishijima Paes de , Paterniani Maria Elisa Ayres Guidetti Zagatto
Published: June 2022

Evaluation of combined ability can eliminate lines that are inefficient and enable the subsequent program steps to be more successful. The objective of this study was to predict the general (gi) and specific (sij) combination ability of popcorn S1 progenies for early selection. A total of 288 topcrosses were performed under a randomized complete block design with two replicates at two sites (Campinas and Capão Bonito, São Paulo State, Brazil). Diallel analyses were performed using mixed models and the maximum likelihood restricted/best unbiased linear prediction method. Evaluated traits included grain yield (GY; kg ha-1), weight of 100 grains (g), and popping expansion (PE; mL g-1). Ear components were also evaluated, including ear length, ear diameter (cm), and the number of grain rows (unit). The S1 progeny 32 presented the highest gi for GY in Campinas, whereas progeny 46 presented the highest gi for GY in Capão Bonito. The S1 progeny, 114 was an important parent for the popcorn breeding program, because it presented high gi for the traits of agronomic interest at both sites. Combination 86×IAC12 exhibited a high sij, and the 86 parent presented the second-highest gi for PE in Campinas, and it should be used for high PE genotypes
Microbial activity and carbon rates the soil in response to the application of potassium sources
Authors: Pereira David Gabriel Campos , Silva Mickaelly Jordanya Guimarães , Meira Maickon Wilhian Pereira , Santos Helena Souza Nascimento , Santos Neto José  Augusto dos , Megda Marcio Mahmoud , Megda Michele Xavier Vieira
Published: June 2022

The continuous use of KCl may not be sustainable in the long term in agricultural systems. High doses used in crops accumulate in the soil and plants, hindering the metabolic processes of soil organisms. This study assessed the soil microbial activity in response to the application of K sources in banana crop and effects on microbial C. The experimental design was completely randomized with four K sources: potassium nitrate (KNO3), potassium chloride (KCl), potassium sulfate (K2SO4), and monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO4) at 200 mg kg-1 of K2O, besides the control (without K) and combinations KCl:K2SO4. KCl application increased microbial activity 7 days after incubation, with gradual reduction over time. The isolated application of K2SO4 and the combination KCl: K2SO4 at the ratio 60: 40% increased total CO2 released by the microbiota. K2SO4 source had the highest microbial biomass C (MBC), as well as the 60: 40 combinations. Isolated application of K sources, especially with high chloride concentration, reduces the soil microbial activity and MBC.
An analytical method for the quantitative determination of iron ion chelating capacity: development and validation
Authors: Santos Éverton da Silva , Teixeira Leticia de Melo , Castro Juliana  Cristina , Mardigan Laura Paulino , Santos José Rivaldo dos , Gonçalves José Eduardo , Oliveira Arildo José Braz de , Gonçalves Regina Aparecida Correia
Published: June 2022

Iron is a fundamental microelement for human life; however, deficiencies or excesses of these metal ions can cause severe complications and mortality. Chelators are compounds that bind and inhibit iron. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometric methods are key analytical tools in the identification of chemical entities, with the benefits of having good precision and accuracy, and the equipment being easily available as well as quick and simple to implement. In this study, we aimed to provide an alternative, cheaper method for the quantification of iron ion chelation by substituting ferrozine for gallic acid and validating its use with UV-vis according to official ANVISA and ICH guidelines. The parameters assessed were specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, and finally, the percentage of iron ions chelating was calculated. The results demonstrated that this method was accurate, simple, specific, selective, precise, and reproducible, and was successfully validated for the determination of iron ions chelating. The percentage of iron ions chelating, promoted by the standard chelator EDTA, was 45% and 47% for Fe2+ and Fe3+, respectively. It is concluded that this new method is beneficial in terms of its simplicity, rapidness, low cost, and the fact that it produces very low levels of dangerous residues.
Chitosan and chitin production and extraction in isolates of Cunninghamella sp.
Authors: Chagas Junior Aloisio Freitas , Chagas Lillian França Borges , Scheidt Gessiel Newton , Chapla Vanessa Mara , Colonia Brigitte Sthepani Orozco , Souza Manuella Costa , Martins Albert Lennon Lima
Published: June 2022

The use of fungi to obtain chitin and chitosan has advantages such as handling, extraction, and production control, thus allowing to generate high quality chitosan. This study aimed to isolate and identify strains of Cunninghamella spp., and assess the production of biomass, chitin, and chitosan. We determined the macroscopic and microscopic phenotypic aspects of the superiors, mycelial growth rate index, consumption of glucose and nitrogen, as well as the pH variation, and the production of biomass, chitin, and chitosan. After assessing the mycelial growth speed index, considered fast, we found that the UFT-Ce08 and UFT-Ce09 isolates showed a higher growth speed. Therefore, we assessed the sporulation of the isolates, and all of them reached the concentration of 106 spores mL-1 in the period of 96 hours. The YPD was considered ideal for biomass production because it promotes an efficient consumption and synthesis of organic compounds by microorganisms. The assessment of the biomass production and the chitin and chitosan yield of nine isolates and the reference strain showed that the UFT-Ce08 isolate had the highest amount of biomass, the UFT-Ce11 isolate had the highest chitin yield, and despite having the second smallest biomass, the UFT-Ce09 isolate had the highest chitosan yield. Seven isolates showed higher chitosan yield than the reference strain. Therefore, chitosan production from this fungus can be further optimized to improve yield on a large-scale production. Chitosan production from this fungus can be further optimized to improve yield in large-scale production
Efficiency of different strains of Trichoderma on the control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotium rolfsii and Sclerotium cepivorum
Authors: Medrado Pedro Henrique da Silva , Graf Junior André Luiz , Santos Gabriela Carolina dos , Tolentino Júnior João Batista , Itako Adriana Terumi
Published: June 2022

The aim of this work was to verify the efficiency of different isolates of Trichoderma spp. on the control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotium rolfsii and Sclerotium cepivorum, and the influence they pose on the conidia production of Trichoderma spp. For mycelial growth, discs with inoculum of phytopathogens were placed on the center of the Petri dishes followed by the addition of two Trichoderma sp. discs on the opposite sides of the plate after 24 hours. Every 12 hours data were collected from colonies diameters and used for the analyses of Mycelial Growth Index (MGI) and Area Under the Curve of Mycelial Growth (AUCMG). The analyses were performed by a completely randomized design with two controls, a negative one without Trichoderma sp. and one with a commercial strain of Trichoderma harzianum. Spore solution for evaluation of conidia production were made by adding 10 mL of distilled water and scratching the surface of the colonies. For S. cepivorum, all Trichoderma spp. strains reduced both indexes tested.  However, while for MGI S. sclerotiorum also presented some reduction on the growth rate, the total area of this fungus was not affected. Sclerotium rolfsii strains of Trichoderma sp. from Lages and Curitibanos showed an effect on the reduction of AUCMG of this fungus, although none of the Trichoderma affected the growth rate of this phytopathogen. On the presence of S. sclerotiorum and S. cepivorum, none of the Trichoderma spp. showed any difference on conidia production when compared among themselves, nonetheless we did notice that on the presence of S. cepivorum, the strain from Rio do Sul retained its reproductive ability compared to control. Results obtained from this research can demonstrate the importance of biocontrol agents against different plant pathogens since it might have a specific antagonist-pathogen relation.
Cell permeabilization of Kluyveromyces and Saccharomyces species to obtain potential biocatalysts for lactose hydrolysis
Authors: Alves Érika de Pádua , Bosso Alessandra , Morioka Luiz Rodrigo Ito , Suguimoto Hélio Hiroshi
Published: June 2022

Yeast’s beta-galactosidase is an intracellular enzyme, through which it is possible to determine in vivo its activity as a biocatalyst in the lactose hydrolysis. Permeabilization process was used for transforming the microorganisms cells into biocatalysts with an enhanced enzyme activity. The potential application of this enzyme technology in industrial process depends mainly on the enzyme activity. Beta-galactosidase enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose, for instance, is largely dependent on the reaction time and its stability under different physical conditions, such as pH, temperature and enzyme concentration. The objective of this study was to optimize the cellular permeabilization process of Kluyveromyces marxianus CCT 3172 and Saccharomyces fragilis CCT 7586 cultured in cheese whey for lactose hydrolysis. Box-Behnken design was carried out for cell permeabilization with three independent variables, ethanol concentration, permeabilization time and temperature. The best permeability conditions for K. marxianus CCT 3172 were 27% (v v-1) ethanol, 3 min at 20ºC, with specific enzymatic activity of 0.98 U mg-1. For S. fragilis CCT 7586, a specific enzymatic activity of 1.31 U mg-1 was achieved using 45% (v v-1) of ethanol, 17 min. of reaction under 17ºC. Thus, it was concluded that cellular permeabilization with ethanol is an efficient process to determine beta-galactosidase activity.