bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on fatigue crack propagation behavior of TA15 titanium alloy repaired by laser deposition repair
Authors: Zhou Song , An Jinlan , Wang Xiangming , Xie Li‐yang , Xu Xingyuan
Published: September 2022

The fatigue crack propagation behavior of TA15 titanium alloy repaired by laser deposition was studied based on the service reliability of aviation parts repaired by laser deposition. Forged TA15 titanium alloy was repaired by two methods including body‐repairing and surface‐repairing. The results show that the fatigue crack propagation rate of the surface‐repairing specimens is lower than that of the wrought specimens, and the fatigue crack propagation rate of the wrought specimens is lower than that of the body‐repairing specimens. The fatigue crack propagation rate depends on microstructure. In the surface‐repairing specimen, the crack propagates simultaneously along bimodal, heat‐affected region and basket‐weave structure. The basket‐weave structure effectively impedes the crack to propagate, which leads to fatigue crack propagation rate decrease. The wrought TA15 titanium alloy is bimodal structure, and the crack propagates mainly along the boundary of primary α phase which leads to form long crack. And in the body‐repairing specimen, the crack propagates in heat‐affected region with low strength leading to high fatigue crack propagation rate.
Oxygen and carbon isotope variations in Chamelea gallina shells: Environmental influences and vital effects
Authors: Mancuso Arianna , Yam Ruth , Prada Fiorella , Stagioni Marco , Goffredo Stefano , Shemesh Aldo
Published: September 2022

Stable isotopes in mollusc shells, together with variable growth rates and other geochemical properties, can register different environmental clues, including seawater temperature, salinity and primary productivity. However, the strict biological control over the construction of biominerals exerted by many calcifying organisms can constrain the use of these organisms for paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Biologically controlled calcification is responsible for the so called vital effects that cause a departure from isotopic equilibrium during shell formation, resulting in lower shell oxygen and carbon compared to the equilibrium value. We investigated shell oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of the bivalve Chamelea gallina in six sites along with a latitudinal gradient on the Adriatic Sea (NE Mediterranean Sea). Seawater δ18O and δ13CDIC varied from North to South, reflecting variations in seawater temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll concentration among sites. Shell δ18O and δ13C differed among sites and exhibited a wide range of values along with the ~400 km latitudinal gradient, away from isotopic equilibrium for both isotopes. These results hampered the utilization of this bivalve as a proxy for environmental reconstructions, in spite of C. gallina showing promise as a warm temperature proxy. Rigorous calibration studies with a precise insight of environment and shell growth are crucial prior to considering this bivalve as a reliable paleoclimatic archive.
Effect of tree species on the elemental composition of wood ashes and their fertilizer values on agricultural soils
Authors: Asare Michael O. , Hejcman Michal
Published: September 2022

Wood ashes obtained from household heating and cooking are often applied to home gardens and arable fields by farmers. The effect of tree species and their locations on the elemental composition of wood ashes derived from domestic cooking and heating is unknown. The study aimed to discover the fertilizer values of wood ashes obtained from Betula pendula, Carpinus betulus, Fagus sylvatica, Larix decidua, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Quercus robur, and Tilia cordata from two different localities, Hlinsko and Mšec, Czech Republic. The total element content in the ashes of dry wood samples (wood and bark) burnt at 460°C with a wood stove interfaced with a thermometer was determined using portable x‐ray spectrometry. The content (in g kg−1) of P (3.23–20.53), K (26.79–136.22), Ca (94.89–295.56), and S (2.97–11.75) in the ashes varies according to the tree species, locality, parent rock, and anthropogenic activities in the location of trees. Additionally, trace element contents ranged from 0.63–32.07 g Mn kg−1, 0.34–4.6 g Fe kg−1, 32.4–2062 mg Zn kg−1, 47.61–193.09 mg Cu kg−1, 3.99–21.53 mg Mo kg−1, and 1.50–6.62 mg Se kg−1. The pH of the ashes ranged from 8.71 to 11.54, suitable to alleviate soil acidity and a condition satisfying soil additive. A significant positive correlation between the contents of Cu, Sr, and Pb with the ashes of Picea abies, Larix decidua, Pinus sylvestris, and Betula pendula at Hlinsko is indicative of ancient anthropogenic activities input in the soil. The combustion of wood under home heating temperatures resulted in the concentration of most risk metal(loid)s, below permissible limits in agricultural soils. Application of wood ashes on arable fields requires considerable caution due to potentially toxic elements (Zn and Pb).
Patient co‐design of digital health storytelling tools for multimorbidity: A phenomenological study
Authors: Cummings Marissa , Bradley Jay , Teal Gemma
Published: September 2022

Background

Interest in both narrative medicine and electronic health records has increased over the past 30 years. However, electronic health records are mainly written by and for clinicians, and the patient narrative and voice are not incorporated. Recent studies within the United Kingdom have indicated that there is a need to incorporate patient stories into health records, to improve quality and continuity of care. This is particularly important when treating people with multiple long‐term health conditions (multimorbidity), whose health stories can be particularly complex.

Objective

To understand the goals and requirements of people with multimorbidity for digital health storytelling tools.

Methods

The methodology uses narrative within a phenomenological approach to inform a process of co‐design.

Results

The findings indicate that people living with multimorbidity would use health storytelling tools to understand and reflect on their journeys, convey their experiences to others and advocate for themselves against scepticism.

Conclusion

Outputs from the project give insight into the lived experience of multimorbidity, as well as understanding the goals of people living with multimorbidity for using health storytelling tools as part of treatment and self‐management. Future research could explore other areas such as collaborative health storytelling or the technical implementation of tools.

Patient or Public Contribution

Five adults with multiple long‐term conditions participated in the project, and research was carried out in three stages. First, semistructured interviews were used to understand each participant's health story. Second, each participant worked with the researcher to co‐design a visual representation of their story. Finally, digital prototypes based on their health story were reviewed with each of the participants.
Tumour necrosis factor plays a deleterious role in the pathogenesis of chikungunya virus infection
Authors: Moreira Thaiane Pinto , Sousa Carla Daiane Ferreira de , Melo Costa Victor Rodrigues de , Queiroz‐Junior Celso Martins , Santos Franciele Martins , Bonilha Caio Santos , Ésper Lísia Maria , Nogueira Mauricio Lacerda , Cunha Thiago Mattar , Teixeira Mauro Martins , Costa Vivian Vasconcelos , de Souza Daniele da Glória
Published: September 2022

Arthralgia is a hallmark of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection and can be very debilitating and associated with a robust local inflammatory response. Many pathophysiological aspects associated with the disease remain to be elucidated. Here, we describe a novel model of CHIKV infection in immunocompetent mice and evaluate the role of tumour necrosis factor in the pathogenesis of the disease. C57BL/6 wild type (WT) or TNF receptor 1 deficient (TNFR1−/−) mice were inoculated with 1 × 106 PFU of CHIKV in the paw. Alternatively, etanercept was used to inhibit TNF in infected WT mice. Hypernociception, inflammatory and virological analysis were performed. Inoculation of CHIKV into WT mice induced persistent hypernociception. There was significant viral replication in target organs and local production of inflammatory mediators in early time‐points after infection. CHIKV infection was associated with specific humoral IgM and IgG responses. In TNFR1−/− mice, there was a decrease in the hypernociception threshold, which was associated with a milder local inflammatory response in the paw but delayed viral clearance. Local or systemic treatment with etanercept reduced CHIKV‐induced hypernociception. This is the first study to describe hypernociception, a clinical correlation of arthralgia, in immunocompetent mice infected with CHIKV. It also demonstrates the dual role of TNF in contributing to viral clearance but driving tissue damage and hypernociception. Inhibition of TNF may have therapeutic benefits but its role in viral clearance suggests that viral levels must be monitored in CHIKV‐infected patients and that TNF inhibitors should ideally be used in combination with anti‐viral drugs.
Comparison of molecular and serological assays on cerebrospinal fluid for the diagnosis of neurosyphilis
Authors: Salle Romain , Grange Philippe A. , Ollagnier Guillaume , Benhaddou Nadjet , Heller Ugo , Dupin Nicolas
Published: September 2022

Background

Many assays are available on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for the diagnosis of neurosyphilis (NS) but there is no ‘gold standard’.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate different molecular and serological assays used in NS.

Methods

We evaluated two PCR assays and three serological techniques in parallel on CSF samples collected between 2019 and 2020 from patients suspected of NS.

Results

The study included 143 patients comprising 30 early NS, 7 late NS and 106 patients without a diagnosis of NS. All patients with NS were symptomatic and had either neurological (67.6%) or ophthalmological signs (54.1%). The qPCR and nPCR assays had overall sensitivities (Se) of 41% and 27%, respectively; with each an overall specificity (Sp) of 100%. VDRL had a Se of 51% and a Sp of 92%. Immunoblot had a Se of 62% and a Sp of 85%. Finally, treponemal tests (TT) had a Se of 96% and a Sp of 69%.

Conclusions

Our study confirms the excellent specificity of molecular techniques allowing to avoid overdiagnosis of NS, and thus, unjustified intensive antibiotic therapy protocols. CSF TT, although not very specific, has an excellent Se confirming that there is almost never NS with negative CSF TT. VDRL and immunoblot tests have better overall diagnostic performance. However, none of these techniques has sufficient diagnostic performance to represent a ‘gold standard’. Thus, the diagnosis of NS relies on a combination of clinical and biological parameters with the association of PCR with serology, associating VDRL and immunoblot, in CSF.
The L‐shape technique in guided bone regeneration with simultaneous implant placement in the esthetic zone: A step‐by‐step protocol and a 2–14 year retrospective study
Authors: Zuercher Anina‐Nives , Mancini Leonardo , Naenni Nadja , Thoma Daniel‐Stefan , Strauss Franz‐Josef , Jung Ronald‐Ernst
Published: September 2022

Objectives

To describe the methodology of the “L‐shape” technique in guided bone regeneration (GBR) with simultaneous implant placement and report on the clinical, esthetic, and patient satisfaction outcomes up to 14 years of follow‐up.

Material and methods

Fourteen patients treated with the “L‐shape” technique were included in this retrospective study. The L‐shape technique was performed by trimming and placing a soft‐type bone block made of deproteinized bovine bone mineral with 10% collagen at the buccal‐occlusal aspect of the dental implant. The remaining gaps were filled with deproteinized bovine bone mineral granules and the augmented area was covered with a collagen membrane. The following parameters were recorded:  probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI), keratinized tissue width (KT) and marginal bone level (MBL). Esthetic outcomes were assessed according to the pink esthetic score (PES) and the white esthetic score (WES). Patient satisfaction was evaluated by means of a numerical rating scale (0–10). The stability of each augmented site was assessed by measuring the volumetric changes between baseline (crown delivery) and the respective follow‐up.

Results

A total of 13 maxillary incisors and one maxillary canine in 14 patients were included. The mean follow‐up period was 7.7 ± 3.8 years. PES values amounted to 10.7 ± 3.3 and WES to 8.8 ± 1.4. Patient satisfaction reached 9.4 ± 0.8. Mean PD at implant sites were 2.7 ± 0.7 mm while BOP amounted to 15.0 ± 0.2% and Pl to 5.0 ± 0.0%. Volumetric analyses revealed minimal changes at the augmented sites irrespective of the region of interest. Radiographic MBL remained relatively stable.

Conclusions

Within the limitation of the present study the L‐shape augmentation procedure seems to be a reliable technique when performing GBR with simultaneous implant placement in the esthetic zone. Outcomes encompassed stable clinical and esthetic results accompanied by high levels of patient satisfaction. Future randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm possible benefits of the L‐shape technique over traditional approaches.

Clinical significance

The L‐shape appears to be a simple yet promising technique in GBR with simultaneous implant placement that can easily be translated into clinical practice.
Fabrication of the antimicrobial sachet by encapsulation of peppermint essential oil in active packaging of strawberry fruit
Authors: Amiri Azam , Sourestani Mohammad Mahmoodi , Mortazavi Seyed Mohammad Hassan , Kiasat Ali Reza , Ramezani Zahra
Published: September 2022

The anti‐microbial property‐based packaging system is able to destroy and eliminate the contaminants and pathogenic microorganisms, which spoil the food. In this study, sachets were prepared by an active packaging system using starch‐based microcellular foam loaded with peppermint essential oil (SMF‐PEO). The produced SMF was used to make sachets loaded with PEO and then placed on the upper part of the strawberry package. Qualitative and biochemical traits of the strawberry fruits, such as weight loss percentage, vitamin C, phenolic substances, antioxidant capacity, anthocyanin, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide content, microbial load, and antioxidant enzymes activity, were evaluated. Results of the gas chromatography confirmed EO release until the end of the fourth day of the fruit storage. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy spectra showed the porosity of the SMF and the loading of PEO in its pores. Total phenol and antioxidant activity decreased during storage. At the end of storage, the most total antioxidant activity (29.04 iron II mol g−1) was found in packaged fruits with sachet, whereas the most anthocyanin (896 mg kg−1) was found in control. At the end of the storage period, the treated fruits showed a greater catalase (1660 U kg−1) and phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (1626.6 U kg−1) activity. Packaged fruits with sachet had lower microbial load, total mesophilic bacteria in control and treated samples was 3.7 and 1.7 Log CFU g−1 in end during storage. At the end of storage, the total yeast + mold in treated and control fruits was 1.3 and 1.57 Log CFU g−1, respectively.

Practical applications

The sachets loaded with PEO increased activity of enzymes and the decreased amount of malondialdehyde have a positive effect on increasing the shelf life of strawberry fruits and are efficient enough to reduce microbial load. Due to the inexpensiveness and degradability of starch, SMF is a suitable system for PEO loading.
Evaluation of using the rice in Mekong Delta for beer making: Nutritional, heat‐resistant, protease‐resistant, and inhibitor properties of proteins
Authors: Hung Nguyen Tan , Thuy Nguyen Thi , Ha Nguyen Cong
Published: September 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether IR50404‐resistant protein (RP) rice is suitable for brewing. So, the RP was soaked in water pH 6.6 at room temperature for 24 h and germinated for 4 days to get green malt. This malt was dried at 50°C for 24 h to get rice malt (RM). The RM was mashed with an adjusted EBC program before being fermented by yeast at 13°C for 4 days to get rice beer (RB). The results showed that protein in RM showed a statistical difference in inhibitory zone diameter for proteinase K, which is similar to barley malt. Heat‐ and protease‐resistant proteins (HPRPs) in RM were ranged between 14.4 and 55–70 kDa. The HPRPs were detected as an alpha‐amylase/trypsin inhibitor (~14.4 kDa) in wort and RB. The beer foam was stable from 5 to 25 min after shacking. Therefore, IR50404 contains HPRPs that contribute to the stability of the foam of the RB.

Novelty impact statement

It is necessary to find a method to determine the possibility of a rice variety in the Mekong Delta region can be used for beer making. This study focused on the heat‐ and protease‐resistant/inhibitor properties of the protein because the brewing process is always accompanied by heating and the presence of protease from yeast. So, the presence of these proteins group during malting and after beer fermentation could contribute to the stability of clarification as well as foam establishment and foam stability of rice beer. The results of this study indicate that the rice variety IR50404 was completely usable for beer making. This property is also an indicator for selecting rice that is suitable for beer making.
HY5‐HDA9 orchestrates the transcription of HsfA2 to modulate salt stress response in Arabidopsis
Authors: Yang Jiaheng , Qu Xiao , Li Tao , Gao Yixiang , Du Haonan , Zheng Lanjie , Ji Manchun , Zhang Paifeng , Zhang Yan , Hu Jinxin , Liu Liangyu , Lu Zefu , Yang Zijian , Zhang Huiyong , Yang Jianping , Jiao Yongqing , Zheng Xu
Published: September 2022

Integration of light signaling and diverse abiotic stress responses contribute to plant survival in a changing environment. Some reports have indicated that light signals contribute a plant's ability to deal with heat, cold, and stress. However, the molecular link between light signaling and the salt‐response pathways remains unclear. We demonstrate here that increasing light intensity elevates the salt stress tolerance of plants. Depletion of HY5, a key component of light signaling, causes Arabidopsis thaliana to become salinity sensitive. Interestingly, the small heat shock protein (sHsp) family genes are upregulated in hy5‐215 mutant plants, and HsfA2 is commonly involved in the regulation of these sHsps. We found that HY5 directly binds to the G‐box motifs in the HsfA2 promoter, with the cooperation of HISTONE DEACETYLASE 9 (HDA9), to repress its expression. Furthermore, the accumulation of HDA9 and the interaction between HY5 and HDA9 are significantly enhanced by salt stress. On the contrary, high temperature triggers HY5 and HDA9 degradation, which leads to dissociation of HY5‐HDA9 from the HsfA2 promoter, thereby reducing salt tolerance. Under salt and heat stress conditions, fine tuning of protein accumulation and an interaction between HY5 and HDA9 regulate HsfA2 expression. This implies that HY5, HDA9, and HsfA2 play important roles in the integration of light signaling with salt stress and heat shock response.
The Roles of Gender Identity, Peer Support, and Math Anxiety in Middle School Math Achievement
Authors: John Jennifer E. , Insouvanh Kindy , Robnett Rachael D.
Published: September 2022

The current study explored the relationships between three components of gender identity, peer support, math anxiety, and math outcomes in a sample of middle school students (N = 295). Separate path analyses were conducted for girls and boys. For boys, gender contentedness was related to higher math grades through a reduction in evaluation math anxiety. For girls, felt pressure was related to a reduction in self reported math grades through an increase in learning math anxiety. In addition, peer support in math was associated with lower learning math anxiety and higher math grades for girls, whereas peer support in math was not associated with math anxiety or math outcomes for boys. Implications for future research and education interventions are discussed.
What are the qualitative experiences of people affected by kidney failure receiving haemodialysis?
Authors: McKie Amanda L. , Turner Murray , Paterson Catherine
Published: September 2022

Background

People affected by kidney failure receiving haemodialysis experience complexity within their health condition unlike any other chronic illness or condition. Kidney failure impacts the individual in all areas of their life including relationships and activities of daily living.

Objective

To conduct a meta‐aggregation of studies about the lived experiences of people with kidney failure receiving haemodialysis.

Design

Using PRISMA Guidelines, six databases (CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Scopus) were comprehensively searched using keywords and subject headings from January 1990 to October 2021. Articles were assessed according to prespecified eligibility criteria. Data extraction and quality appraisal was conducted. A meta‐aggregation of qualitative findings was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for meta‐aggregation.

Results

Of the 9409 articles screened, 55 studies were included. This represented a total of 188 findings across 45 categories representing a range of unmet supportive care needs. The meta‐aggregation identified 11 synthesised findings broadly related to psychological/emotional needs, physical needs, social needs, interpersonal/intimacy needs, patient‐clinician communication needs, family related needs, health system/information needs, spiritual needs, daily living needs, practical needs and daily living needs.

Conclusions

This meta‐aggregation has identified that people affected by kidney failure can experience a range of unmet supportive care needs. It was evident that living with kidney failure and receiving haemodialysis impacted a person's sense of self, introduced practical needs and other complex needs which were not being addressed in existing services. This review has highlighted important implications for clinical practice and future research directions.
On the cost‐of‐capital rate under incomplete market valuation
Authors: Albrecher Hansjörg , Eisele Karl‐Theodor , Steffensen Mogens , Wüthrich Mario V.
Published: September 2022

In this paper we discuss the concept of the cost‐of‐capital (CoC) rate for an insurance company as an equilibrium in the economic triangle of policyholders, shareholders, and the regulator. This provides a possible rationalization and an economic foundation for a quantity that is widely used in practice but whose value is typically neither technically nor economically well justified. We show how it can be well founded in such a triangular equilibrium. Under a simple one‐period model and a valuation procedure of a two‐price economy for illiquid assets we provide a corresponding economic‐theoretical quantification for the CoC rate. The resulting rates are illustrated by a number of concrete numerical examples.
Well‐being of migrants and immigrants: Perspectives in Asia and from Asians in North America
Authors: Tong Yuying , Fong Eric
Published: September 2022

Immigrant and migrant well‐being have been widely studied, but the knowledge gained from immigrant adaptation and well‐being has mostly focused on findings from more developed countries, which may diverge from the situation in Asia. East‐Asian countries have strong roots in Confucian culture, which celebrates cultural homogeneity, and societies are thus conservative when it comes to welcoming immigrants. Southeast Asian countries are major migrant‐sending areas but have now also become important manufacturing centers with dynamic migrant and immigrant groups. In this special issue, we seek to push forward knowledge about the myth of immigrant and migrant adaptation and well‐being among both Asian areas and Asian immigrants in North America. In this introductory article, we first discuss a few gaps in research on migration and immigration in Asia, including migration of the same ethnicity group across different political systems in the Asian context, migration and its influence on family and well‐being between and among Southeast Asian countries, as well as Asian immigrants in North America. We then introduce the various contributions to this special issue. We conclude with a discussion of policy implications.
Putin, national self‐determination and political independence in the twenty‐first century
Authors: Girvin Brian
Published: September 2022

This contribution focuses on the right of nations to self‐determination after the Russian invasion of Ukraine. It suggests that sovereignty and territorial integrity are not as secure as once thought. A number of articles and statements issued by Vladimir Putin are analysed to identify nationalist themes which he uses to reject Ukraine's right to exist outside the Russian state. Key themes include a primordial account of national origins, the conflation of state and nation, and a refusal to recognise a right to self‐determination of territories that had once been part of Russia. Putin's nationalism draws on imperial nationalism, state nationalism, revanchism and majoritarianism to underwrite his claims. Such views are widespread among established states, contributing to the instability of the contemporary world. It is argued that a reconfiguration of the relationship between state and nation is long overdue, as is the inflexible nature of territorial integrity.
Nation‐building from (below) the grassroots: Everyday nationalism in Ukraine's bomb shelters
Authors: Howlett Marnie
Published: September 2022

Life has profoundly changed for Ukrainian citizens since the beginning of the Russia–Ukraine war. While millions have fled Ukraine as refugees and displaced persons, others have remained in their cities to take up arms, volunteer, and/or shield for safety. Despite the devastation at all levels of society caused by Russia's ongoing attacks, Ukrainians' expressions and practices of nationhood have endured and even evolved in light of their country's war‐torn reality, as is especially evident in the country's bomb shelters. As hegemonic theorising in nationalism studies often centres on the territorial state and its institutions, this paper instead considers the experiences of ordinary individuals who hold important colloquial and vernacular knowledge. Specifically, the project examines the everyday lives of Ukrainians at—or below—the grassroots within bomb shelters in the heavily attacked cities of Chernihiv, Kyiv, and Kharkiv to reveal how Ukrainian nationalism has manifested and even been (re)produced amidst the conflict. In demonstrating that nationalism has served as both a sentiment and expression of self, the findings emphasise its significance in the current conflict as a motivating and unifying force in Ukrainians' everyday lives.
Does natural root grafting make trees better competitors?
Authors: Quer Elodie , Helluy Manon , Baldy Virgine , DesRochers Annie
Published: September 2022

Natural root grafts (anastomoses) are morphological unions formed between roots of different trees. Common root systems allow translocation of water, nutrients and photosynthesis products between grafted trees, affecting their growth and their physiology. As carbohydrates are redistributed among grafted trees, the formation of a common root system could reduce the negative effect of intraspecific competition for light or soil resources within stands. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of root grafting on intraspecific competition and growth of balsam fir Abies balsamea. We studied inter‐tree relationships in three natural balsam fir stands of the boreal forest of Quebec (Canada) that contained an average 36% of grafted trees. At each stand, ring width and basal area of trees were measured using dendrochronology techniques. We used mixed linear models to test the effect of root grafting and intraspecific competition on annual basal area increment of trees. Trees before grafting had higher growth rates than trees once grafted. Thus, root grafting did not improve tree growth. Growth of grafted trees was more negatively affected by intraspecific competition than growth of non‐grafted trees. Thus, grafted trees cannot be considered as better competitors than non‐grafted trees. Under high intraspecific competition, growth of larger grafted trees was less affected than that of smaller trees suggesting that they were able to divert resources at their advantage within a union. Our study demonstrated that grafted trees acted on each other's growth and provides support for the idea that grafted trees respond to competition for resources more as a community rather than as individual trees.
Development of an artificial intelligence algorithm for the diagnosis of infantile hemangiomas
Authors: Zhang April J. , Lindberg Nick , Chamlin Sarah L. , Haggstrom Anita N. , Mancini Anthony J. , Siegel Dawn H. , Drolet Beth A.
Published: September 2022

Prompt and accurate diagnosis of infantile hemangiomas is essential to prevent potential complications. This can be difficult due to high rates of misdiagnosis and poor access to pediatric dermatologists. In this study, we trained an artificial intelligence algorithm to diagnose infantile hemangiomas based on clinical images. Our algorithm achieved a 91.7% overall accuracy in the diagnosis of facial infantile hemangiomas.
Personal ideals and the ideal of rational agency1
Authors: Buss Sarah
Published: September 2022

All of us have personal ideals. We are committed to being good (enough) friends, parents, neighbors, teachers, citizens, human beings, and more. In this paper, I examine the thick and thin aspects of these ideals: (i) theirsubstance(to internalize an ideal is to endorse a particular way of being) and (ii) theiraccountability to reason(to internalize an ideal is to assume that this is really a good way to be). In considering how these two aspects interact in the ideal of rational agency, I address two philosophical debates that are generally conducted in isolation of each other: (i) debates over the anti‐ideal of normative “fetishism” and (ii) debates over whether acting for a reason is acting “under the guise of the good.” In the final two sections of the paper, I further explore the relations among the thick and the thin. I note the role that coherence constraints play in the process whereby our ideals gain determinacy. At the same time, I argue, our ideals constrain the possibility and desirability of coherence. This has implications for a third debate: the debate over the possibility of moral dilemmas.
Isoflavone phytoalexins in root exudates participate in mediating the resistance of common bean Phaseolus vulgaris to Phytophthora sojae
Authors: Bi Xiangqi , Zhang Zhuoqun , Du Xiuming , Liu Haixu , An Tai , Zhao Yifan , Chen Yufei , Wen Jingzhi
Published: September 2022

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cannot be infected naturally by Phytophthora sojae but produces a hypersensitive response (HR) under P. sojae inoculation. The goal of this study was to determine the roles of isoflavone phytoalexins in common bean root exudates in the resistance of common bean to P. sojae. The concentrations of kievitone, phaseollin and phaseollidin in the root exudates of common bean and their effects on P. sojae were measured. The transcriptomes of P. sojae responding to the phytoalexins were analysed. The three phytoalexins were included in the root exudates of three common bean cultivars at different concentrations and inhibited mycelial growth, oospore formation, zoospore chemotaxis and infection efficiency of P. sojae. The concentrations of the three phytoalexins in root exudates of three common bean cultivars were very low but increased significantly after inoculation with P. sojae. Kievitone probably inhibits P. sojae by promoting accumulation of abnormal transcripts, destroying mitochondria, inhibiting synthesis of ATP and protein, and reducing cell invasion and migration, making cells more sensitive to oxidative stress and slowing down proliferation and even apoptosis; phaseollin probably inhibits P. sojae by promoting the transcription level of some key genes in P. sojae that are associated with a reduction in migration and cell membrane damage; and phaseollidin probably inhibits P. sojae by promoting cell apoptosis. Our results suggest that kievitone, phaseollin and phaseollidin are involved in mediating the resistance of common bean to P. sojae through different mechanisms.
A new theoretical perspective on concealed information detection
Authors: klein Selle Nathalie , Ben‐Shakhar Gershon
Published: September 2022

The concealed information test (CIT) was designed to detect concealed knowledge. It does so by measuring differential physiological and behavioral responses to concealed, compared to control, items – i.e., the CIT effect. Although the CIT has gained extensive empirical support in laboratory studies, scientific validity requires also a theoretical understanding of the method's underlying mechanisms. In this article, we present a new theoretical perspective. Specifically, we elaborate and clarify several features of Orienting Response (OR) theory, which has been the dominant theory in this domain. Importantly, we suggest for the first time that the voluntary (rather than the involuntary) OR modulates the CIT effect. Second, we argue that motivational‐emotional accounts of the CIT effect are consistent with OR theory and cannot be considered as alternative approaches. Finally, we discuss some more recent developments which highlight the idea that different physiological measures reflect different underlying mechanisms – an idea dubbed as response fractionation.
Dispersion in Dispersion: Measuring Establishment‐Level Differences in Productivity
Authors: Cunningham Cindy , Foster Lucia , Grim Cheryl , Haltiwanger John , Pabilonia Sabrina Wulff , Stewart Jay , Wolf Zoltan
Published: September 2022

We describe new experimental productivity dispersion statistics, Dispersion Statistics on Productivity (DiSP), jointly produced by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) and the Census Bureau, that complement the official BLS industry‐level productivity statistics. The BLS has a long history of producing industry‐level productivity statistics, which represent the average establishment‐level productivity within industries when appropriately weighted. These statistics cannot, however, tell us about the variation in productivity levels across establishments within those industries. Dispersion in productivity across businesses can provide information about the nature of competition and frictions within sectors and the sources of rising wage inequality across businesses. DiSP data show enormous differences in productivity across establishments within industries in the manufacturing sector. We find substantial variation in dispersion across industries, increasing dispersion from 1997 to 2016, and countercyclical total factor productivity dispersion. We hope DiSP will enable further research into understanding productivity differences across industries and establishments and over time.
Oral health characteristics of patients living with intellectual disability at transition phase from pediatric dental service to adult dental service: A systematic review
Authors: Aloufi Abdullah , Abed Hassan , Andreasson Sam , Newton Tim
Published: September 2022

Aim

A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the available literature to ascertain the oral health characteristics of patients living with intellectual disability when they transfer from pediatric dental service to adult dental service.

Material and methods

The electronic search was performed between June 2020 and July 2020 using the following databases: MEDLINE and EMBASE. Cochrane database, gray literature, and Google Scholar were also searched. References of articles obtained from the electronic searches were scanned through. Journals and regulation agency websites were also hand searched. This systematic review used a defined search strategy keywords for all the electronic databases. The strength of evidence in these studies was evaluated using the British Medical Journal quality assessment tool.

Results

The search process identified 45 eligible articles. Of these, 35 studies were excluded, and 10 observational studies were included.

Conclusion

It seems that a considerable percentage of patients living with intellectual disability in their transition phase, aged between 18 and 25 years, have a high prevalence of dental caries, gingivitis, and periodontal disease when compared to the general population.
Factors affecting quality of daytime and nighttime sleep among dialysis patients: A single center experience
Authors: Mehra Manisha , Yadav Raj Kanwar , Rajora Manju A. K. , Dahiya Ujjwal , Agarwal Sanjay Kumar
Published: September 2022

Background

Hemodialysis is the most common treatment modality for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Excessive daytime sleepiness and poor nighttime sleep is a common problem among these patients. Patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) are regularly exposed to impaired fluid balance, which may cause overhydration of varying degree. However, the role of hydration status in sleep quality has not been explored in Indian setting. Hence, this study was undertaken to assess the factors affecting sleep quality among patients on MHD in a tertiary care hospital.

Material and methods

Patients (N = 55) were enrolled if they aged above18 years, on MHD for at least 3 months, and gave consent. The daytime sleep quality was assessed using Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and STATA software.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 40.4 ± 14.7 years. The prevalence rate of predialysis fluid overload was 85.4%. The median ESS score was 7 and ISI score was 3 indicating normal daytime sleep and not significant insomnia. Multivariate regression with variables adjustment showed that interdialytic weight gain (P = 0.33), tingling sensation (P = 0.36) and numbness (P = 0.35) were significant predictive factors for quality of sleep.

Conclusion

The major factors affecting sleep quality were numbness, tingling sensation, and interdialytic weight gain. Fluid overload did not play any role in sleep quality. Another study may be carried out on assessment of pattern, duration, quality of sleep in multiple dialysis sessions, and effect of optimizing fluid status on the sleep parameters.
Empirical best prediction of small area bivariate parameters
Authors: Esteban María Dolores , Lombardía María José , López‐Vizcaíno Esther , Morales Domingo , Pérez Agustín
Published: September 2022

This paper introduces empirical best predictors of small area bivariate parameters, like ratios of sums or sums of ratios, by assuming that the target unit‐level vector follows a bivariate nested error regression model. The corresponding means squared errors are estimated by parametric bootstrap. Several simulation experiments empirically study the behavior of the introduced statistical methodology. An application to real data from the Spanish household budget survey gives estimators of ratios of food household expenditures by provinces.
Talking Past Each Other: The Debate Over College‐Level Prison Education As Represented in New York Print Media, 2013–2020
Authors: Conway Patrick Filipe
Published: September 2022

The debate over higher education in prison serves as a prime example of a contentious socio‐political issue that frequently divides public sentiment. Newspapers establish a public record of how such issues are debated and discussed. This study examines how the debate over higher education in prison is represented in the media, providing a thematic content analysis of 243 articles printed in six New York‐based newspapers from February 2013 to January 2020. Grounded in New York, a state on the forefront of higher education in prison policy, the time frame covers a full year prior to Governor Cuomo's failed 2014 attempt to develop a statewide higher education in prison initiative, to four full years after the success of his 2016 Right Priorities plan. The federal 2016 Second Chance Pell Program was also implemented during this time, allowing for analysis of both federal and state policy debates within the media. The study finds that news media outlets employ framing mechanisms that largely ignore or obscure salient civic arguments, instead favoring instrumental framings related almost exclusively to recidivism and taxpayer savings. These findings are discussed within broader contexts of how media coverage tends to oversimplify social policy issues of crime and justice.
Transcription factor SlBEL2 interferes with GOLDEN2‐LIKE and influences green shoulder formation in tomato fruits
Authors: Niu Xiao‐Lin , Li Hong‐Li , Li Rui , Liu Gang‐Shuai , Peng Zhen‐Zhen , Jia Wen , Ji Xiang , Zhu Hong‐Liang , Zhu Ben‐Zhong , Grierson Donald , Giuliano Giovanni , Luo Yun‐Bo , Fu Da‐Qi
Published: September 2022

Chloroplasts play a crucial role in plant growth and fruit quality. However, the molecular mechanisms of chloroplast development are still poorly understood in fruits. In this study, we investigated the role of the transcription factor SlBEL2 (BEL1‐LIKE HOMEODOMAIN 2) in fruit of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato). Phenotypic analysis of SlBEL2 overexpression (OE‐SlBEL2) and SlBEL2 knockout (KO‐SlBEL2) plants revealed that SlBEL2 has the function of inhibiting green shoulder formation in tomato fruits by affecting the development of fruit chloroplasts. Transcriptome profiling revealed that the expression of chloroplast‐related genes such as SlGLK2 and SlLHCB1 changed significantly in the fruit of OE‐SlBEL2 and KO‐SlBEL2 plants. Further analysis showed that SlBEL2 could not only bind to the promoter of SlGLK2 to inhibit its transcription, but also interacted with the SlGLK2 protein to inhibit the transcriptional activity of SlGLK2 and its downstream target genes. SlGLK2 knockout (KO‐SlGLK2) plants exhibited a complete absence of the green shoulder, which was consistent with the fruit phenotype of OE‐SlBEL2 plants. SlBEL2 showed an expression gradient in fruits, in contrast with that reported for SlGLK2. In conclusion, our study reveals that SlBEL2 affects the formation of green shoulder in tomato fruits by negatively regulating the gradient expression of SlGLK2, thus providing new insights into the molecular mechanism of fruit green shoulder formation.
Causal theoretical frameworks that explain veteran mental health help-seeking behavior: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Charles-Britton Cameron , Woodyatt Lydia , Bowen-Salter Holly , Hines Sonia , Lane Jonathan
Published: September 2022

Objective:

This scoping review will determine what causal theoretical frameworks have been used to examine veteran mental health help-seeking behavior. The review will also examine the causal factors proposed by these theoretical frameworks, and whether they account for the complex cultural, social, and affective experiences of veterans, which may drive both uptake or avoidance of mental health help-seeking.

Introduction:

Some military veterans delay mental health help-seeking, preventing early intervention, creating poor long-term quality of life and functional outcomes, and increasing the likelihood of reaching crisis point before seeking help. There is a distinct lack of research utilizing causal motivational frameworks to explain veteran mental health help-seeking behavior (both engagement and avoidance). To date, no review has been conducted on motivational frameworks used to explain veteran help-seeking behavior. This scoping review will be the first to identify the motivational models that have been used to explain veteran mental health help-seeking, as well as table the proposed causal factors, and determine whether the models account for the cultural, social, and affective experiences of veterans.

Inclusion criteria:

This scoping review will only consider studies on veteran cohorts. Studies in English that utilize or create an explanatory theory, model, or framework for veteran mental health help-seeking behavior will be included. Literature that focuses solely on intentions rather than behavior will be excluded.

Methods:

Published and unpublished studies and gray literature will be included. Titles and abstracts will be screened, followed by full-text screening. Factors, theories, models, and frameworks used to explain veteran help-seeking behavior will be extracted, charted, and narratively summarized. The JBI methodology for scoping reviews will be used.
Inhibition of the glycogen synthase kinase 3β–hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α pathway alleviates NLRP3‐mediated pyroptosis induced by high glucose in renal tubular epithelial cells
Authors: Wan Jiayi , Jiang Ziming , Liu Dongwei , Pan Shaokang , Zhou Sijie , Liu Zhangsuo
Published: September 2022

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

Activation of the glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK‐3β)–hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 α (HIF‐1α) pathway results in stimulation of pyroptosis under high glucose, and exerts actions in a number renal diseases: does this pathway have a role in renal tubular epithelial cells?

What is the main finding and its importance?

Down‐regulation of GSK‐3β can inhibit pyroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells induced by high glucose and this may be related to down‐regulation of HIF‐1α. This role of the GSK‐3β–HIF‐1α pathway has not previously been reported and identifies a potential new therapeutic target in diabetic nephropathy.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is not only one of the main complications of diabetes, but also has a high incidence rate and a high mortality rate. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK‐3β) and hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 α (HIF‐1α) have been demonstrated to influence DN by regulating pyroptosis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the GSK‐3β–HIF‐1α pathway on pyroptosis of high‐glucose (HG)‐induced renal tubular cells. Mouse renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (TKPT cells) were induced by HG to simulate DN cell and we transfected TKPT cells with GSK‐3β knockdown lentivirus. Western blot analysis confirmed the transfection effects and detected the expression of GSK‐3β, HIF‐1α, Nod‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), cleaved‐caspase‐1, pro‐caspase‐1, gasdermin D (GSDMD) and GSDMD‐N. The expression of GSDMD‐N and HIF‐1α were also verified by immunofluorescence. The levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐18 were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Flow cytometric analysis determined the apoptosis rate. Results showed that HIF‐1α expression was increased in HG‐induced TKPT cells, and GSK‐3β knockdown could decrease the levels of NLRP3, cleaved‐caspase‐1, GSDMD‐N and HIF‐1α, verified by immunofluorescence. Moreover, GSK‐3β knockdown suppressed the expression of IL‐1β and IL‐18, and reduced the apoptosis rate. Lithium chloride (LiCl) interference could cause the same changes as GSK‐3β knockdown for HG‐induced TKPT cells, and dimethyloxallyl glycine could reverse the effect of GSK‐3β‐knockdown interference. Our studies definitively demonstrate that the GSK‐3β–HIF‐1α signalling pathway mediates HG‐stimulated pyroptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells and that down‐regulation of GSK‐3β inhibited HG‐induced pyroptosis by inhibiting the expression of HIF‐1α. These findings suggest a new potential target for the treatment of DN.