bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lying, or Storytelling, as Antidote to Unhappiness in Robin Klein’s Hating Alison Ashley and Anne Fine’s A Pack of Lies and Goggle-eyes
Authors: Curry Alice
Published: January 2022

Lying and poetry are arts – arts, as Plato saw, not unconnected with each other – and they require the most careful study, the most disinterested devotion. — Oscar Wilde, The Decay of Lying

A great man – a man whom nature has constructed and invented in the grand style – what is he? ... He rather lies than tells the truth; it requires more spirit and will. — Nietzsche, Will to Power

Wilde and Nietzsche posit lying as an artistic form of self-expression, done knowingly, purposefully and with attention given to form and detail. Lying frees the liar from the constraints of truth, moving him or her into the higher realms of deliberately-conceived art and away from the grim realities of unpolished nature. In Robin Klein’s Hating Alison Ashley (1984) and Anne Fine’s Goggle-eyes (1989), this grim reality comes in the form of the introduction of an alien element into the young protagonists’ families: the boyfriend, and potential husband, of their mother. For both Erica and Kitty, lying, spinning a good yarn or telling tales constitutes their chosen way of mitigating the unhappiness that results from this unwanted addition to their families. Storytelling allows the girls to create a space within which to negotiate their relationships with their soon-to-be extended family, and ultimately integrate into the family circle the person whom they feel has threatened the stability of their family. This space for negotiation is humorous, and takes the form of an imaginatively constructed alternative or exaggerated reality: a space of liberating make-believe, in which the girls can distance, and de-familiarise, themselves from the truth of their situations. I am drawing here on the account of ‘make-believe’ offered by Eric Prenowitz:

Make-believe is not a mode of measured philosophical enquiry. It is not for real, only a game. Something children do, for the fun of it. Readers likewise, and theatergoers. It engages knowingly in untruth and a certain artificial reality. One never makes believe unintentionally or by mistake. It therefore supposes a conscious, self-present, responsible subject—but only to divide itself, to absent itself, without any possible response, from itself. (2006, p.148)
‘Do what you wish or wish what you want?’ Michael Ende’s Fantastica and Rudolf Steiner’s Moral Imagination
Authors: Schaefer Tatjana
Published: January 2022

In Ende's The Neverending Story, a boy named Bastian travels into the fantasy world of Fantastica which is being eaten up by 'Nothing' (Ende 1983, p.19). He saves this ailing world by giving a new name to its ruler, the Childlike Empress, and goes on to create a new Fantastica through stories and names of his own invention. By following the instruction to 'do what you wish' (p.189), Bastian must eventually find his way back into the real world through his wishes. Ende read and commented on Rudolf Steiner's philosophical writings, and The Neverending Story re-enacts Steiner's search for free will. Bastian's journey in Fantastica explores Steiner's idea of free will as an underlying principle. Existing scholarly interpretations of The Neverending Story vary greatly, but most commonly Bastian's journey is read as one of inner, psychological or spiritual development. But while psychological, didactic and religious readings can only give speculative interpretations of The Neverending Story, this article will source more definitively Ende's active use of Steiner and his philosophical concept.
Haunted Histories: Time-slip Narratives in the Antipodes
Authors: Marquis Claudia
Published: January 2022

In a startling moment in Margaret Mahy’s The Tricksters, Harry draws apart from the rest of her family in her attic bedroom in the family beach house, Carnival’s Hide. She looks into a mirror and sees her image dismantle, allowing a very different, but nevertheless clearly related figure to emerge. This is a typical event in time-slip stories, with their peculiar interest in the problematic construction of subjectivity. In this case the characters who slip between times are a bizarre trio of brothers who erupt into the more or less ordinary family lives of the Hamiltons, disturbing the modern moment with ancient memories, igniting passions, provoking revelations, raising questions about identity, threatening fragmentation, but finally harnessed in the interests of the ongoing narrative in which Harry’s adult life forms.
Editorial
Authors: Schaefer Tatjana
Published: January 2022

the theme of the eighth international Conference of the Australasian Children’s Literature Association for Research (ACLAR), held at Victoria University of Wellington on 27-29 June 2008, was ‘other Worlds in Children’s Literature: Fantasy, reality and imagination’. the topics of the 76 papers presented ranged from fantasy, folklore, morality, and power of language to sexuality, timeslip, humour and cyberculture. this issue of Papers comprises selected papers from this conference.
Ghostly Children: The Spectre of Melancholy in Sonya Hartnett’s The Ghost’s Child
Authors: Preston Michelle
Published: January 2022

Images of alienation in young adult fictions are common, arguably because they mirror the cultural discourses around adolescence as displaced between two (constructed) 'knowable' states: childhood and adulthood. The connection between displacement and melancholy in texts for young adults provides a vast array of narrative symbolism that often blurs reality and fantasy as knowable versus unknowable states respectively. Sonya Hartnett's approach to adolescent introspection and states of melancholy-depression is often confrontational and her (critically acclaimed) young adult fiction interleaves often destructive narratives of incest, familial violence, murder and suicide with contemporary and historical landscapes.'The Ghost's Child' (2007), is a fictionalized and historicized account of individual alienation and sadness whereby, melancholy and depression serve as powerful forces (of lossdesire) able to induce spectral presences in the life of the protagonist in ways that allow fantasy to become a means to negotiate loss and combat alienation. The overt psychological dimensions of the narrative are obviated through images of melancholy, madness, abjection and death. This paper initiates a discussion of the text's psychoanalytic connotations through the ideas of both Freud and Kristeva. However, in order to question if/how the narrative moves beyond the traditional parameters that construct melancholy as either a clinical pathology or a useful literary/aesthetic device, melancholy is also discussed through the ideas of Gilles Deleuze. The incorporation of Deleuze's work enables a way to re-think conventional representations of the melancholic as an essentially abject and marginalised subject position.
Living History Fiction
Authors: Wilson Kim
Published: January 2022

During my research into historical fiction for children and young adult readers I came across a range of texts that relied on a living or lived experience of history to frame the historical story. These novels were similar to the time-slip narrative; however, not all examples used the traditional convention of time-slippage. I wanted to bundle these novels together - 'time-slip' novels included - as examples of 'living history' narratives because they appeared from the outset as a distinct literary form requiring particular reading strategies. These texts, which I will refer to as Living history novels, require readers to align uncritically with modern perception. Readers are persuasively invited to assume that the modern characters' perception of the past is authentic because it has been formed by a lived experience of history. In Living history novels, readers are positioned to perceive both the strengths and weaknesses of past and present times, ultimately reconciling the two in a present that faces chronologically forwards. Modern focalising characters in Living history fiction place modern perception in a superior relationship to that of the past.This sub-genre of historical novels is distinctive in its strong and consistent modern character focalisation and point of view. The Living history novel creates a confluence of past and present, be it physically or psychically. Characters are variously conveyed from a generalised present, or past, to an explicit historical period or event. The Living history novel is distinctive in its intense character introversion, quest journey and self-discovery. The most important outcome of the living history experience is that characters learn something significant about themselves. Because the story is about the modern character's quest and self realisation, the past is consistently perceived from their point of view. Modern characters are transported in time and readers are only rarely invited to see the past from a past point of view.
Astrid Lindgren and the Archives
Authors: Ehriander Helene
Published: January 2022

The author Astrid Lindgren (1907-2002), well-known for the characters Pippi Longstocking, the Brothers Lionheart, Emil and Karlsson-on-the roof, is for many Swedes a genuine national icon. On several occasions, when a list of the most popular and influential Swede has been published, Astrid Lindgren’s name has been prominent. Around the year 2000 many Swedes voted Astrid Lindgren the most important person of the entire 2000 years, something that says much about our often short memory, but more about how popular Astrid Lindgren really is. In the year she turned 90 she was selected as ‘This Year's Swede in the World’ by The Society for Swedes in the World because few Swedes have been so esteemed throughout the world. On receiving the prize she said, ‘You are giving the prize of This Year's Swede in the World to a person who is extremely old, half blind, half deaf and completely mad. We must be careful about spreading this around’ (Törnqvist-Verschuur 2011, p.120).
Anthony Arrowroot and Nutty Nutella: Advertising in Children’s Literature
Authors: Khan Afsana
Published: January 2022

Merchandising, product placement and advertising in children’s literature can be seen as distasteful, due to the obvious manipulation of the audience, who are likely to be too young to be able to critically assess their reading material. I suggest that marketing of products for adults and children through narratives for children addresses a dual readership with varying degrees of success. This article examines a selection of advertising material found in the Children’s Literature Collection at the State Library of Victoria, including works by well known artists such as Ida Rentoul Outhwaite, companies such as Arnott’s, and instructive or educational works such as safety booklets and encyclopedias.
Parent, Child and State in Chinese Children’s Books
Authors: Bi Lijun , Fang Xiangshu , Bradford Clare
Published: January 2022

A marked characteristic of Chinese society is its alertness to hierarchical differences and its expectation of obedience to proper authority. From the Confucian point of view, tranquillity and happiness within society can only be achieved through xiao (filial piety), the principal value of Confucian morality. Filial piety is also central to the Confucian rationale for organising social order, revolving around conceptions of superior-inferior status in human relationships: children ought to obey parents, wives ought to obey husbands, and subjects ought to obey their emperor. The prevalence of such indoctrination in Chinese children’s books can be traced to the Confucian belief that children are able to reach their full potential sense of benevolence by imitating the proper behaviour of their elders and role models in books. Indeed, the political role of the moral training in books worked effectively following the adoption of Confucianism as the state doctrine around 100 BC, and helped to maintain dynastic reign for about two thousand years, until Western warships and guns shattered Chinese confidence in Confucianism in the late nineteenth century.
Reading Children and Animal-Human Relations in Charlotte’s Web and The One and Only Ivan
Authors: Yu Chen-Wei
Published: January 2022

It is often assumed that children enjoy an animistic connection with animals, as the predominance of the talking animal story genre in children’s literature attests. Ignorant, uncivilized, or vulnerable as these animal characters often are, they bespeak ‘the animal-like condition of children’ in adults’ eyes (Nodelman and Reimer 2003, p. 194). Some animal stories have been read as encouraging child readers to identify with their animal characters, who mature as the plot advances.
‘I am sorry it is not more, but it is all I could earn’: Presbyterian Children, Christmas and Charity in Colonial New Zealand, c.1909-1945
Authors: Morrison Hugh
Published: January 2022

In February 1884 the Presbyterian mission ship The Dayspring departed the southern New Zealand city of Dunedin, en route back to the New Hebrides [Vanuatu] via Sydney, after completing a tour of the colony’s main centres. The Otago Daily Times reporter observed that in Dunedin the ship was visited by ‘close on 14,000 persons – children and adults’, with another ‘600 children’ as visitors prior to its departure from nearby Port Chalmers. The children inspected ‘various curios’ in the cabins and at least saw, if not interacted with, five ‘natives’ on board. These four men and one woman, from the New Hebrides, had ‘shown themselves to be possessed of much intelligence and observation’ who, through ‘missionary labour and Christian instruction’, had been ‘transformed from savage cannibals into peaceful, gentle Christians’ (‘The Dayspring’ 1884, p. 2).
‘try-error-try-it’: Love, Loss, and the Subversion(?) of the Heteronormative Romance Story in Will Grayson, Will Grayson
Authors: McLeod Dion
Published: January 2022

“and that’s how you find it . . . you know, it” (268). Romances stories are often about finding happiness and true love, about finding it. In these novels happiness is both privileged and equated with love, and more often than not these love stories are about heterosexual happiness. Sara Ahmed, in The Promise of Happiness, describes the necessity of queer love stories when she explains “there are of course good reasons for telling stories about queer happiness, in response to and as a response to the very presumption that a queer life is necessarily and inevitably an unhappy life” (p. 94). My article explores this presumption by examining John Green and David Levithan’s Will Grayson, Will Grayson (2010), specifically the way the novel encourages empathy for the queer characters by playing with the readers’ generic and social expectations of the romance story.

Will Grayson, Will Grayson follows two teenage boys named Will Grayson, whose paths cross serendipitously. The chapters of this novel present simultaneous love stories by alternating between straight Will (who ends up in stable monogamous heterosexual relationship, and therefore has a normatively happy ending) and gay Will (whose future is not so certain). This paper contrasts the hetero- and homosexual love stories and analyses how the interplay of these stories engenders empathy in the reader. I argue that in this way, Will Grayson, Will Grayson challenges heteronormative expectations of the romance story.
Integration of Sealed Wellbore Pressure Monitoring Responses with Wellbore Strain and Deformation Measurements for Fracture Diagnostics
Authors: Elliott Brendan , Zheng Shuang , Russel Rod , Sharma Mukul , Haustveit Kyle , Haffner Jackson
Published: January 2022

The objective of this work is to investigate, develop, and demonstrate the direct link between wellbore casing strain / deformation measurements, and sealed well pressure responses. The paper presents new laboratory experiments for casing deformation that tie directly to wellbore deformation during hydraulic fracturing and to subsequent pressure increases caused by intersections of fractures with horizontal wellbores. We show that wellbore strain measurements can be combined with surface wellbore pressure measurements to diagnose fracture intersection and estimate geometry and growth rates.

A casing strain experiment was set up to measure wellbore deformation caused by loads that are encountered during fracture intersection. Multiple strain gauges were installed on a joint of 5.5" P110 casing radially and longitudinally, as well as azimuthally around the pipe. A load frame was utilized to stress the casing at various points along the pipe to develop relationships between load, strain, and deformation. Analytical models were deployed to compute the expected casing strain for thick-wall pipes and were compared to our laboratory measurements. Numerical modeling was performed to simulate the casing strain response and the induced pressure change at the surface as hydraulic fractures approach and intersect the wellbore.

The results of the laboratory measurements of azimuthal casing strain agree well with fully coupled 3D numerical modeling. Sealed wellbore pressure responses calculated from the magnitude of these deformations agree well with the actual field responses. This work now allows us to relate the sealed well response to a quantifiable fracture geometry and region of deformation along the casing. Strain profiles from deformation are developed and allow a direct coupling of volume change in the wellbore due to fracture arrivals. We display the various fracture properties required to generate the observed field responses (0.1-10 psi order of magnitude). Additionally, Sealed Wellbore Pressure Monitoring (SWPM) field data is reported, interpreted and explained with the help of our experimental data and numerical simulations.

This work deploys first of its kind measurements to enhance the interpretation of a sealed well pressure response during fracturing. The additional knowledge of wellbore strain and deformation together with surface pressure responses is a major leap forward in further understanding the full utility of downhole strain and casing ovality responses as a diagnostic. This work sets the stage for using physical wellbore deformation as a key, low-cost fracture diagnostic method and opens up a new category of diagnostic technologies for the industry based on integrating surface pressure and downhole strain measurements.
Did We Break New Rock? Utilizing Diagnostics to Differentiate New Fracture Creation vs Old Fracture Reactivation: A Meramec and Wolfcamp Study
Authors: Haffener Jackson , Haustveit Kyle , Ingle Trevor
Published: January 2022

Microseismic and cross-well strain are both high-end diagnostic tools that provide insight into hydraulic fracture geometry and stimulation effectiveness. However, both datasets have limitations: for example, microseismic can over or underestimate the true fracture geometry, while cross-well strain is restricted to describing a portion of the fracture geometry it is situated to measure. Furthermore, both datasets can show not only the creation of new hydraulic fractures but also the reactivation of previously created hydraulic fractures. The focus of this study is two projects in which both cross-well strain and microseismic were integrated to characterize the geometry of new hydraulic fractures and understand the interaction with pre-existing fractures during well stimulation.

The first project is a multi-well development in the Meramec formation of the Anadarko Basin. The second project is the Hydraulic Fracturing Test Site 2 (HFTS2) in the Wolfcamp formation of the Delaware Basin. Both projects collected low-frequency DAS using permanent fibers in offset wells and were monitored with borehole microseismic arrays during stimulations. Organizing the data relative to distance from the active stage and time since stage start, i.e., spatiotemporally, was a key step in understanding what the diagnostics measured during stimulation.

Both projects tell a similar story, where wells have extensive interactions with previously created fractures originating from both parent wells and recently completed child wells. This interaction manifests as a quicker arrival and muted strain response in cross-well strain and a more rapid and linear move-out of the triggering front over time in the microseismic. We interpret these signatures to be showing re-dilation of pre-existing fractures. Also visible in the diagnostics are arrivals with slower growth, generating microseismicity with a parabolic move-out of the triggering front over time, and typical strain response with heart-shaped tensional front leading the arrival. This signature is interpreted to be new hydraulic fracture creation and growth. Once this reactivation mechanism is understood for a basin, it can also be noted and described using lower-cost techniques, such as sealed-wellbore pressure monitoring (SWPM).

The main motivation for most microseismic and cross-well strain studies is understanding hydraulic fracture geometry; however, interactions with failed media and analysis of either datatype in isolation can cause misinterpretations far from reality. Understanding the range of possible mechanisms measured by these advanced diagnostics is key not just in accurately characterizing fracture geometry but also in understanding the impact of failed media on hydraulic fracture growth. Once understood, these observations can also be used as a baseline to measure success or failure of mitigation trials.
Execution and Learnings from the First Two Surface Tests Replicating Unconventional Fracturing and Proppant Transport
Authors: Snider Phil , Baumgartner Steve , Mayerhofer Mike , Woltz Matt
Published: January 2022

This is believed to be the world's first two attempts, both successful, to replicate multi-cluster hydraulic fracturing at surface to better understand not only proppant transport and placement by cluster, but a host of other items of interest such as perforation erosion. With due recognition and compliments to all the good theoretical studies conducted and published by the academic community, it seemed that actual physical tests could be a valuable contribution to the industry activity. Both 8 cluster (6 shots per cluster) and 13 cluster (3 shots per cluster) tests were completed at 90 BPM injection rates at approximately 1,500 psi initial differential pressures. Both tests were conducted in 5.5" 23#, P-110 casing, with assembly lengths of 191 feet and 216 feet respectively. Water, Water plus Friction Reducer, 100 mesh sand and 40/70 mesh sand were utilized on these highly instrumented tests with each cluster having its own individual tank to capture fluids and proppants as they exited the perforation clusters. Perforation hole size changes, fluid level data, and proppant masses were captured after each test along with all the frac fleet data and pressure gauge data at each cluster. How the tests were safely and successfully executed will also be discussed. These tests led to subsequent tests with 15 perforation clusters with different charge designs and perforation orientations in a project with a larger number of operators participating. Predictive software based on computational fluid dynamics was also developed as an outcome of the project learnings and actual physical measurements. The key benefit of these tests is that all the data was physically measured and not subject to interpretation, therefore providing solid data for subsequent model calibration and predictions. Validity and shortfalls in the standardly used orifice flow equations was also the subject of the studies and will be discussed. Learnings about perforation erosion and impacts of different proppant sources as well as fluid velocities occurred.
Optimizing Shale Economics with an Integrated Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Simulator and a Bayesian Automated History Matching and Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Kang Charles A. , McClure Mark W. , Reddy Somasekhar , Naidenova Mariyana , Tyankov Zdravko
Published: January 2022

This study describes an automated history matching and optimization workflow using an integrated hydraulic fracturing reservoir simulator and applies the workflow in four cases. The automated workflow solves a formal mathematical optimization problem to minimize misfit with observations from any point in the lifecycle of a hydraulically fractured well, or to maximize a quantity of interest, such as net present value. The workflow uses a proxy model to improve computational speed and employs experimental design and Bayesian sampling techniques to generate points with which to train the proxy model. We first apply the automated workflow to two simple history matching cases. In the first case, we fit only only to production data, which results in a nonunique history match. In the second case, we incorporate both production data and fracture length, resulting in a unique history match. Next, we apply the automated workflow to a Bakken dataset with five history matching parameters and find that some parameters are well-constrained by matching the dataset, while other parameters are not as well constrained. In the final case, we use the best-fit point resulting from the Bakken history match in an automated forward optimization workflow to maximize a combination of low-price and high-price NPV objectives, which we developed using stylized generic economic assumptions.
Isip or Fracture Extension Pressure?
Authors: Barree Robert
Published: January 2022

The term "ISIP", meaning instantaneous shut-in pressure, is often used to represent the fracture extension pressure (FEP), and to determine the reported fracture extension gradient. In vertical wells, with minimal near-well friction, this equivalence was often acceptable. In horizontal wells, the difference between an "instantaneous" ISIP and FEP can exceed 1000 psi. Misinterpretation of the FEP and fracture extension gradient can lead to critical misunderstandings regarding fracture orientation and geometry. This paper explains the difference between ISIP, as often misinterpreted, and fracture extension pressure (FEP) and presents a proven method for determining the correct FEP, extension gradient, and near-well frictional pressure.
Optimization and Design of Next-Generation Geothermal Systems Created by Multistage Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: McClure Mark , Kang Charles , Fowler Garrett
Published: January 2022

Multistage hydraulic stimulation has the potential to greatly expand the production of geothermal in the United States and worldwide. Zonal isolation and limited-entry completion overcome the problem of flow localization and generate hundreds or thousands of conductive fractures throughout a large volume of rock. In contrast, conventional geothermal stimulation designs are bullheaded as a single stage into a vertical or deviated wellbore, resulting in a small number of dominant flow-pathways. In this study, we perform a modeling study to investigate key physical processes and design considerations for a geothermal system created from multistage hydraulic stimulation. We use a simulator that fully integrates a wellbore simulator, a hydraulic fracturing simulator, and a thermal/compositional reservoir simulator. Thermoelastic and poroelastic stress changes are included, which enables the model the simulate mechanical opening (separation of fracture walls) due to cooling during long-term fluid circulation between wells. The simulator can handle the full life-cycle in a single continuous simulation – multistage fracturing (including crack propagation, proppant, limited-entry, etc.) and long-term circulation. We start by reviewing historic background on the application of hydraulic stimulation to improve geothermal energy production. Next, we discuss key uncertainties regarding stimulation mechanism and fracture geometry. Drawing on this background information, we set up simulations of multistage hydraulic fracturing and long-term fluid circulation through an injector/producer pair. The simulations demonstrate how multistage fracturing enables large flow rates and relatively efficient sweep of heat through large volumes of rock. However, the simulations demonstrate how mechanical opening of fractures due to thermal contraction exacerbates thermal short-circuiting. Produced temperature drops rapidly once mechanical opening reaches the production well. Parameters such as well spacing, fracture spacing, and flow rate can be designed to mitigate thermal breakthrough and maximize discounted return on investment. We integrate the simulator with an optimization algorithm to solve a hypothetical engineering design problem to maximize net present value by optimizing well spacing, fracture spacing, and flow rate. The optimization shows how a balance can be struck between rate acceleration and mitigation of thermal breakthrough.
Statistical Analysis Plan for the Randomized Controlled Trial Tenecteplase in Wake-Up Ischaemic Stroke Trial (TWIST )
Authors: eltoft Agnethe , Wilsgaard Tom , Roaldsen Melinda B. , Søyland Mary-Helen , Lundström Erik , Petersson Jesper , Indredavik Bent , Putaala Jukka , Christensen Hanne , Kõrv Janika , Jatužis Dalius , Engelter Stefan T. , De Marchis Gian Marco , Werring David J. , Robinson Thompson , Tveiten Arnstein , Mathiesen Ellisiv B.
Published: January 2022

Background: Patients with wake-up ischemic stroke are frequently excluded from thrombolytic treatment due to unknown symptom onset time and limited availability of advanced imaging modalities. The Tenecteplase in Wake-up Ischaemic Stroke Trial (TWIST) is a randomized controlled trial of intravenous tenecteplase 0.25 mg/kg and standard care versus standard care alone in patients who wake up with acute ischemic stroke and can be treated within 4.5 hours upon awakening based on non-contrast CT findings. Objective: To publish the detailed statistical analysis plan for TWIST prior to unblinding. Methods: The TWIST statistical analysis plan is consistent with reporting standards for clinical trials and provides clear and open reporting. Discussion: Publication of the statistical analysis plan serves to reduce potential trial reporting bias and outlines transparent pre-specified analyses. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03181360. EudraCT Number 2014-000096-80. WHO ICRTP registry number ISRCTN10601890.
Effects of High-Pressure Coolant Jets on the Machinability of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy with External Rotary Liquid Applicator
Authors: Sultana Nazma , Dhar Nikhil Ranjan
Published: January 2022

A novel rotary applicator has been designed to feed high-pressure coolant jets while maintaining the tool's strength in order to improve the Ti-6Al-4V alloy's poor machinability. Average cutting temperature, principal cutting force, mean surface roughness, and tool wear were all taken into account when evaluating the machinability of various speed-feed combinations. Dry milling produced the worst results for all of the investigated reactions, with excessive tool wear and poor machinability happening due to the lack of cooling and lubrication. HPC and RHPC both outperformed dry, but RHPC was the clear winner in all investigations. HPC is distinguished by the rotational supply of high pressurized coolant jets delivered through several nozzles rather than the typical nozzle. This results in effective cooling and lubricating during RHPC. The higher forced convection heat transfer mechanism of high-pressure cutting fluids controls cutting temperatures amazing along with its protective film formation. Cutting forces and surface roughness are reduced roughly 14% and 17.44% in RHPC compared to HPC. Similarly, as a result of better temperature management by RHPC, flank wear is greatly reduced while tool life is increased ( 9 min).
Optimization of Virtual Water Trade with Emphasis on Agricultural Sector Support From Two Perspectives: Maximizing Farmers' Welfare and Employment.
Authors: Bahrami Fahimeh , Avazdahandeh Somayeh , Ranjbaran Seyed Fazlollah , Nazari Mohammad Reza
Published: January 2022

Water scarcity has become a global issue in agriculture. Therefore, sustainable use of water resources is essential. A concept that many planners and experts have recently emphasized in the field of water management that is the water footprint and virtual water trade. The objectives of this study are to maximize farmers' welfare, minimizing water consumption and maximizing employment in agriculture simultaneously. Multi-objective mathematical programming method was used to achieve the research objectives. The results indicated that the area of crops and fruits in Iran is reduced compared to the base year, especially in the irrigated activity, Also, saving water is about 15 billion m3 due to the change of cultivation pattern. Based on the model results, 2 billion m3 of water are imported into Iran by changes in the pattern of trade. The proposed model states water- saving 15 billion m3. The model suggests if the goal of policy -makers is to increase employment in agriculture or farmer's social welfare, it should cultivate more fruits than crops and If the goal is to protect the environment and save water, it should replace crops with fruits.
Cost Analysis of Water Quality Assessment Using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach
Authors: Borzuei Daryoosh , Moosavian Seyed Farhan , Ahmadi Abolfazl
Published: January 2022

In modern competitive markets, cost and quality parameters are the two main factors. So, it is essential to study their relationship, especially in leading industries such as urban public service companies. Consequently, manufacturers always try to reduce production costs and improve products quality and services at consumer expectations. Also, the concerns of the new century in the field of fresh water and the reduction of its resources related to global warming have increased the costs of quality and supply of freshwater. Therefore, in this research, in order to estimate the quality costs in the field of water resources and wastewater management and identify the option that creates the most cost, in the first step, the “Prevention, Appraisal, and Failure (PAF)” model was used to select cost-imposing options in organizational quality analysis. After determining the main options, appropriate criteria and sub-criteria were selected under the main study area (water and wastewater resources management). In the next step, a “Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) “ method based on “Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP)” and “Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS)” method was used to identify the option that creates the most cost. The results show that the Appraisal cost option has the most significant impact on the quality cost in the water and wastewater management (37%), and other quality cost options include external failure (29%), internal failure (22%), and preventive (12%) are in the following ranks.
Study of Red Mud Desulfurization and External Field Action
Authors: Li Xueke , liu Yan , Zhang Ting-an
Published: January 2022

To further enhance red mud desulfurization, this paper analyzes red mud desulfurization under the action of ball mills and ultrasonic external fields and studies the red mud desulfurization mechanism. In this study, experiments were conducted using a bottom-blow stirred reactor device. The results show that the suitable red mud slurry concentration is 10 g/L. The raw red mud desulfurization can reach 100% absorption in the first 25 min, and the absorption capacity decreases gradually with the reaction time. The red mud desulfurization is mainly due to the dissolution of free alkali and metal oxides in the red mud. Under the action of the external field of the ball mill, the red mud particles can be refined to prolong the desulfurization time. Under the action of the external field of ultrasonic waves, the red mud slurry is dispersed more uniformly, which can accelerate the reaction rate. Under the effect of an ultrasonic external field, the red mud slurry is dispersed more uniformly, which can accelerate the reaction rate and dissolve more metal substances in the liquid phase.
Impact of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Subjective Hunger and Appetite Ratings and Endocrine Hormones
Authors: De Leon Avelino , White Jeremy , Casimiro Isabel , Okoli Amarachi , Piron Matthew J. , Brady Matthew J. , Hanlon Erin
Published: January 2022

Background: The effects of vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) surgery on the levels of patients’ hunger and appetite across the day and relation to weight loss achieved were examined. Methods: Visual analog scale (VAS) hunger and appetite ratings were digitally collected from 10 female participants across a day during in-lab sessions 1-2 weeks before and 12 weeks after surgery. Fasting hormone levels were also assessed in 8 participants. Results: Post-surgery ratings were reduced overall despite fasting levels of leptin and ghrelin changing in favor of increased food intake. Notably, the majority of ratings from before breakfast were not different from ratings after dinner, suggesting that VSG induces changes that overcome the homeostatic drive to oppose a hypocaloric diet. Conclusions: These findings highlight the effectiveness of sleeve gastrectomy surgery in curbing food-seeking behavior despite a negative calorie balance.
Maternal Dendritic Cells Influence Fetal Allograft Response and Tolerance
Authors: Mattar Citra , Kandasamy Karthikeyan , Johana Nuryanti Binti , Tan Lay Geok , Tan Yvonne , Yeo Julie , Li Zhihui , Koh Jiayu , Ginhoux Florent , Chan Jerry , Choolani Mahesh
Published: January 2022

Intrauterine hematopoietic cell transplantation (IUT), a promising therapy for congenital haematological disease, is limited by subtherapeutic donor cell chimerism (DCC). Microchimerism of maternal immune cells (MMc) trafficked into fetal IUT recipients may directly influence immune-mediated donor cell clearance. We investigated if maternal dendritic cell (DC) suppression reduces recipient alloresponsiveness to donor cells, improving DCC. IUT was performed at E14 in pregnancies resulting from crossing CD11c.DTR(B6) females and Balb/c males, with semiallogenic Balb/c or C57BL/6, or fully allogenic C3H donor cells, 24h after administering diphtheria toxin to the dam, transiently suppressing maternal DC. This resulted in reduced MMc in recipient fetuses, greatest after Balb/c transplantation, also associated with the highest DCC, and lowest with C3H. Maternal-derived T-cell receptor (TCR) clonotypes were enriched in IUT recipients and displayed substantially reduced diversity. Recipient pups with reduced MMc increased expression of regulatory T-cell subtypes, reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and demonstrated enhanced TCR clonotype diversity. DCC was primarily related to donor cell type and not influenced by MMc. Our data indicate that donor cell origin and MMc are distinct factors determining IUT effectiveness. MMc independently influences DCC and recipient tolerance to donor cells and may present novel therapeutic targets to improve transplantation outcomes.
Importance of Water Level Management for Peatland Outflow Water Quality in the Face of Climate Change and Drought
Authors: Salimi Shokoufeh , Scholz Miklas
Published: January 2022

The impact of different climate scenarios, drought, and water level management on the outflow water quality of peatlands has been investigated. A mesocosm experiment has been conducted within climate control chambers to simulate current (2016–2019 real-time) and future representative concentration pathway (RCP) climate scenarios (RCP 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5) for the peatland mesocosms. To assess the efficiency of a management strategy for improving peatland water quality, water level adjustment was applied to half of the system at the same time for each climate scenario. Furthermore, the mesocosm experienced the 2018 European drought during the simulation years, and the corresponding impact was analyzed. The results of this study indicated that the effect of water level but not climate change on the water quality of peatland mesocosms was significant. The effect of water level management was the largest for ammonium (NH4-N) and five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), and the smallest for total phosphorus (TP). Drought had a strong impact on chemical variables, increasing their concentration and deteriorating the water quality of peatland outflow. The results highlight the need for water level management in stabilizing nutrient levels in peatland outflows, especially for the warmer climate scenarios to mitigate the negative consequences of global warming.
Polyethyleneimine/activated carbon paper-based material for low-concentration hexavalent chromium removal
Authors: Gao Tianliang , Zhao Chuanshan , Wang Sha , Li Xia
Published: January 2022

In this study, softwood pulp, activated carbon powder, and polyester fiber were prepared into activated carbon paper-based materials (ACPBM) by papermaking. Then the polyethyleneimine (PEI) is loaded on the activated carbon paper-based material by dipping to prepare a high-performance, green PEI/activated carbon composite paper-based adsorbent material (PPCA) to remove low concentrations of Cr(VI) in water. The surface characteristics of the ACPBM and PPCA were analyzed by SEM, EDX, BET, and FT-IR, which showed that PEI had been successfully loaded on the surface of ACPBM. It was found that when the impregnated PEI concentration is 1%, the adsorbent dosage is 3 g·L-1, the contact time is 180 min, the concentration of initial Cr(VI) is 5 mg·L-1 , and the pH is 2, the maximum adsorption capacity for Cr(VI) can reach 1.58 mg·g-1. The process of PPCA adsorption of Cr(VI) conformed to the Freundlich isotherm model and the quasi-second-order kinetic model, indicating that the adsorption is multi-molecular layer adsorption with the adsorption mechanism of ion exchange and electrostatic attraction. In adsorption thermodynamics, ΔH0>0, ΔG0<0, and ΔS0＞0, indicating that the process of adsorbing Cr(VI) by the 1%PPCA is an endothermic entropy increase reaction that can proceed spontaneously. This study shows that a green, recyclable, and degradable high-performance PPCA adsorbent has been prepared through traditional papermaking processes and physical impregnation methods, which has a significant removal effect on low-concentration hexavalent chromium ions and can be industrialized.
Prognostic role of filgrastim in the effectiveness of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in previously treated patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: POZO JUAN FRANCISCO MARIN , CID CARMEN LUCIA MUÑOZ , GARCIA RAQUEL CLARAMUNT , CABA ELVIRA MARIN , GRANADOS ANA LAURA ORTEGA
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To determine whether the use of G-CSF during the first-line therapy of nSCLC influences the effectiveness of anti-PD1/PD-L1 drugs (aPD1-i) used in subsequent therapies.Methods: We designed a single-center, observational, retrospective study with nSCLC patients treated with aPD1-i (nivolumab, pembrolizumab, or atezolizumab) after primary platinum-based chemotherapy in southern Spain. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). The results were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method for G-CSF-use.Results: We enrolled 79 patients (91% male) with a mean age of 66.7 years. Nivolumab, atezolizumab, and pembrolizumab were used in 55.7%, 25.3%, and 19.0% of the patients, respectively. G-CSF was administered to 19 patients. The median treatment duration was 4.1 months (95%CI: 2.3-5.8). Overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) were 7.3 (95%CI: 3.4-11.3) and 4.4 months (95%CI: 2.3-6.5), respectively. The median OS was 15.8 months (95%CI: 1.2-30.3) in G-CSF-treated patients and 5.3 months (95%CI: 2.3-8.3) in the non-treated group (p=0.186). Higher OS was observed in all subgroups.Conclusions: The effectiveness of aPD1-i in previously treated nSCLC patients was higher in the G-CSF-treated group than in the non-treated group, although the difference was statistically insignificant. These results may contribute to improving the effectiveness of anti-PD1/PD-L1 drugs, although confirmatory prospective studies are required.
No One Stands Alone - Partnerships for Community Resilience
Authors: Drakaki Maria , Kovács Gyöngyi , Tzionas Panagiotis
Published: January 2022

Organisations included in social partnerships jointly address the gaps in their society and community. Community-based social partnerships are based on the principles of self-organisation, yet logistically, this can bring many challenges. This study therefore focuses on the logistical aspects of a community-based social partnership in Greece, and the contribution of this partnership to community resilience. The role of community-based logistical activities in building community resilience has been studied. An in-depth qualitative study of a particular community-based social partnership was conducted, with interviews across all partner organisations and secondary data from publicly available documents. Logistical activities are performed mainly by the membership base of various non-governmental organisations in a manner of self-organised “collective action”. Interestingly, community resilience refers to a capacity for collective action, hence organising logistical activities in this fashion ultimately contributes to community resilience.
Distributed Adaptive Control for a Class of Heterogeneous Nonlinear Multi-agent Systems With Nonidentical Dimensions
Authors: Qin Bo , Fan Yongqing
Published: January 2022

A novel distributed adaptive control scheme based on radial basis neural network (RBFNN) is proposed for a class of leaderless heterogeneous nonlinear multi-agent system with same and different dimensions. Considering the nonidentical dynamic differential equation with different dimensions of each agent, the definition with similar parameters of each agent is addressed, and then the distributed control consisting of a series of similar matrices or vectors can make that the states of follower agents track the leader's dynamic behaviors. Through the coupling weight adaptive laws and the feedback control of neural network weights, it is ensured that all signals are uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, two simulation examples are utilized to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control design method.
A novel short-term carbon emission prediction model based on secondary decomposition method and long short-term memory network
Authors: Kong Feng , Song Jianbo , Yang Zhongzhi
Published: January 2022

Grasping the dynamics of carbon emission in time plays a key role in formulating carbon emission reduction policies. In order to provide more accurate carbon emission prediction results for planners, a novel short-term carbon emission prediction model is proposed. In this paper, the secondary decomposition technology combining ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and variational mode decomposition (VMD) is used to process the original data and the partial autocorrelation function (PACF) is applied to select the optimal model input. Then, the long short-term memory network (LSTM) is chosen for prediction. The secondary decomposition algorithm is innovatively introduced into the field of carbon emission prediction and the empirical results illustrate that the secondary decomposition technology can further improve the prediction accuracy. Combined with the secondary decomposition, the R2, MAPE and RMSE of the model are improved by 2.20%, 43.08% and 36.92% on average. And the proposed model shows excellent prediction accuracy (R2=0.9983, MAPE=0.0031, RMSE=118.1610) compared with other 11 comparison models. Therefore, this model not only has potential value in the formulation of carbon emission reduction plans, but also provides a valuable reference for future carbon emission forecasting research.