bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single-dose nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in horses have no impact on concentrations of cytokines or growth factors in autologous protein solution and platelet-rich plasma
Authors: Brown Kara A. , Gregorio Elizabeth N. , Barot Dhvani , Usimaki Alexandra , Linardi Renata L. , Missanelli Jaclyn R. , You Youwen , Robinson Mary A. , Ortved Kyla F.
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVE

To determine the effects of a single dose of the NSAIDs phenylbutazone, firocoxib, flunixin meglumine, and ketoprofen on concentrations of growth factors and cytokines in autologous protein solution (APS) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP).

ANIMALS

6 adult university-owned horses.

METHODS

For the first phase, 6 horses were randomized to receive ketoprofen (1,000 mg) or flunixin meglumine (500 mg) IV. Blood was obtained and processed for APS (Pro-Stride) and PRP (Restigen) before and 6 hours after administration of NSAIDs. Horses underwent a 2-week washout period, after which the protocol was repeated using a crossover design. For the second phase, following at least a 2-week washout period, the study protocol was repeated with phenylbutazone (1 g) or firocoxib (57 mg) administered orally. Plasma was collected 6 hours after administration for evaluation of drug concentrations, and APS and PRP were analyzed for concentrations of drug, platelets, leukocytes, and several growth factors and cytokines (PDGF, fibroblast growth factor, TGF-β1, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α) before and 6 hours after administration of NSAIDs using immunoassays.

RESULTS

There were no significant differences in concentrations of cytokines or growth factors before or after administration of any NSAID. There were significant differences in concentrations of leukocytes and platelets based on both product and time. NSAID concentrations in plasma were not significantly different from concentrations in APS and PRP.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

These results help guide clinicians on the appropriate use of these NSAIDs in conjunction with the processing of APS and PRP, which is unlikely to significantly alter the final product after single-dose administration.
One-week sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) grain consumption is insufficient to increase adiponectin levels in prediabetic adults
Authors: Mudjanarko Sony Wibisono , Rahardjo Teguh , Soelistijo Soebagijo Adi , Rahmawati Siti
Published: February 2024

Objective. Adiponectin is an internally produced bioactive compound with a protective role against the insulin resistance-related diseases. Finding an adiponectin modifier can play a beneficial role in preventing the progression of the diseases, particularly in the prediabetic patients, as a high-risk population. This study was undertaken to examine the effect of dietary sorghum grain for a week on the plasma adiponectin levels in prediabetic patients.

Methods. The study involved 26 (13+13) participants in both control and intervention groups. The control group maintained their habitual diet of white rice, while the intervention group replaced their habitual diet of white rice with sorghum grain for seven consecutive days. In all participants, the adiponectin concentration was measured before and after the intervention period.

Results. Most study subjects had central obesity and dyslipidemia. Adiponectin levels after the intervention period decreased from the baseline in the control and sorghum groups including in all BMI groups. The change of decreasing adiponectin level was greater in the control than the sorghum group and in line with greater BMI in the sorghum group, but statistically insignificant. No significant difference in adiponectin concentrations was found among BMI groups.

Conclusion. Sorghum grain consumption for a week is insufficient to increase adiponectin levels in the prediabetic patients. Insulin resistance, central obesity, and dyslipidemia may be the confounding variables that alter the favorable effect of sorghum on adiponectin. Longer sorghum consumption or other interventions may be needed to increase the adiponectin levels in people under these conditions.
Risk of malignancy in Thy3 thyroid nodules
Authors: Rezkallah Emad Mofid Nassif , Hanna Ragai Sobhi , Elsaify Wael Magdy
Published: February 2024

Objective. Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy in humans. Ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is now considered the best diagnostic tool for the evaluation of any thyroid nodule. Thyroid cytology is graded from Thy1 to Thy5 with Thy3 being the most challenging in diagnosis. Our aim was to identify the risk of malignancy in Thy3 cytology in our centre. This risk should be explained to the patient before taking any decision.

Methods. One hundred and one patients were included in our study. All patients had Thy3 cytology on preoperative ultrasound scan guided FNAC. All patients had diagnostic hemithyroidectomy. The results from the histology were compared with the cytology findings and the rates of malignancy were identified.

Results. Of the 101 patients, 17 were males and 84 females. Average age for diagnosis was 52.4±15 years of age. Patients were classified into three groups; patient who had completely benign histology (n=70), patients who had incidental finding of micro-carcinoma after diagnostic hemithyroidectomy (n=10), and patients who had thyroid macro-carcinomas (n=21). Total rate of malignancy was 30.7% when combining both the malignant and the incidental groups and 20.8% when excluding the incidental group.

Conclusion. Our rates of malignancy in Thy3 cytology are similar to the literature. These rates should be explained clearly to the patient during the preoperative counselling. Future advances in biomarkers technology may help to improve the preoperative diagnostic accuracy and reduce the rate of unnecessary thyroid surgery.
The Magnitude of the Soret Force on Colloidal Particles Measured in Microgravity
Authors: Lynch Matthew L. , Kodger Thomas E. , Palacio-Mancheno Paolo , Pestak Mark W. , Meyer William V.
Published: February 2024

There is a broad interest in both industry and academe in understanding the time-evolution in the microstructure of colloidal gels, as such changes affect the properties of the gels including product self-life and rheology. In colloidal gels, the time-evolution results from the magnitude and the relative proportions of forces—including gravity, acting on the colloidal particles. The aim of this study was to measure the magnitude of the Soret force acting on the colloidal particles in a model gel in the microgravity on the International Space Station, as a proxy for gravitational forces in Earth-based experiments. It was found that the Soret force could be used to create an effective gravitational force of between about 10 × 10−17 N (3 milli-G) and 3 × 10−17 N (1 milli-G) on the colloidal particles, where the lower limit is set by the dominance of particle flux from Brownian forces. These results should allow mapping the behavior of colloidal gels broadly described in literature on other gels—such as polymer gels of industrial interest, where the colloidal particles are much smaller.
Development of New Bio-Based Building Materials by Utilising Manufacturing Waste
Authors: Argalis Pauls P. , Sinka Maris , Andzs Martins , Korjakins Aleksandrs , Bajare Diana
Published: February 2024

Over the last decade, research has increasingly focused on reducing the use of natural resources and improving waste management in the construction industry. Various possibilities exist for reducing waste in this sector, ranging from using waste as filler materials to developing new binders and building materials. This study focuses on the development of bio-based building materials using waste from the manufacturing of wood-wool cement boards. The binder and filler materials were obtained from the manufacturing waste and used in this research. The developed materials were tested for their visual appearance, macrostructure, material density, thermal conductivity coefficient and compressive strength. The results showed promising data for the self-bearing bio-based building materials, which had similar thermal properties to other bio-based materials and could be used as thermal insulation materials with a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.0827–0.1172 W/(mK). The material density of the developed bio-based composites was found to be 430–617 kg/m3. By incorporating manufacturing waste into the production process of bio-based building materials, it becomes evident that overall waste from manufacturing plants can be significantly reduced, and the sustainability aspect of wood-cement board manufacturers can be enhanced.
Proposal of a Customer Satisfaction Index Model (Part of the Antecedents) Adopted to the Algerian Context
Authors: MOHAMMED EL HADJ Leila , YAHIAOUI Djalel Eddine , SAYAH Abir
Published: February 2024

Measuring customer satisfaction is an efficient method for evaluating organisational performance of firms, especially in today’s competitive environment. In the Algerian context, where the industry is developing rapidly and the customer satisfaction and its antecedents have an importance for the most of the Algerian companies, it becomes crucial to explore the factors influencing customer satisfaction in the industrial sector. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to develop a specific model for a customer satisfaction index in the Algerian industrial environment. The inexistence of this type of models in the Algerian context has provided difficulties to companies in detecting what affects the satisfaction of their customers; this research can help them to find out what are the factors that impact on the customer satisfaction and improve it. To achieve this, we have examined previous studies conducted in other countries to identify the antecedents of customer satisfaction. The research methodology employed in this study follows a quantitative approach. We conducted a questionnaire survey among a sample of 203 customers of the BCR brand, which specialises in faucet production. The questionnaire was designed to measure various factors, including corporate image, customer expectations, perceived quality, perceived value, price, and handling of complaints. The collected data was analysed using SPSS software, and the model will be constructed using Smart-PLS software. The findings of the study confirmed that three variables significantly impact customer satisfaction in the studied context: perceived value, price, and perceived quality, specifically focusing on the sustainability dimension. Based on these results, we have developed a customer satisfaction index model, specifically focusing on the antecedents’ part, which incorporates these three variables.
Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Models: A Comprehensive Review and Future Directions
Authors: BOLARINWA Taiwo
Published: February 2024

This comprehensive analysis delves into the landscape of Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models, examining their historical development, key components, applications, strengths, limitations, and future directions. CGE models have become indispensable tools for understanding the intricate dynamics of modern economic systems, offering a holistic perspective that considers the complex interactions among sectors, households, and governments. The study reveals the strengths of CGE models, including their capacity to provide a comprehensive view of the economy, analyse policy interactions, and incorporate behavioural responses. However, challenges such as data limitations and simplifying assumptions pose inherent limitations. The analysis identifies promising future directions, including the integration of machine learning, leveraging big data, and advancing computational power. By addressing current challenges and embracing these innovations, CGE models can continue to play a pivotal role in economic analysis and policymaking, navigating the complexities of a dynamic and evolving economic landscape.
Patients' comprehension and satisfaction with informed consent at day surgery unit at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alshammari Sulaiman , Aldhalaan Suliman , Alqahtani Abdulaziz , Khoja Ahmed , Alkhulayfi Ghaith , Aljudai Meshal
Published: February 2024

Background:
Informed Consent (IC) is a crucial element in medical practice and research. However, additional research is needed to assess the quality of IC in Middle Eastern regions, including Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to measure surgical patients' comprehension and satisfaction with IC and related factors at King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH).
Methods:
This cross-sectional study investigated postsurgical patients' satisfaction and comprehension of IC at the day surgery unit at KKUH from August to December 2022. Data collection was done through an online questionnaire.
Results:
A total of 387 patients participated in this study, with over half (56.1%) being women (mean age = 41.4 ± 13.4). More than 88% of the patients were satisfied with all IC components. Patients aged 26-45 reported the highest levels of IC understanding (54.9%, p < 0.05), and female patients demonstrated higher overall comprehension compared to male patients (p = 0.088). Those with higher education and income had the highest comprehension scores (61.2%, p < 0.05) and (28.4%, p < 0.05), respectively. Only 54% of patients read the IC form and were aware of who provided them with the forms. Approximately 92% of the patients signed the IC form themselves, and 72% required less than an hour to consent.
Conclusion:
Middle-aged patients, women, and those with a high level of education exhibited the highest overall IC comprehension and satisfaction. The findings underscore the importance of personnel delivering therapy introducing themselves and indicating their involvement in the team. The future of the IC process lies in electronic standardization through the use of \"Esihi,\" KKUH's current electronic record system.
Viel zu viel unnötig Verstorbene während Corona?
Authors:   Monitor Versorgungsforschung, Stegmaier Peter
Published: February 2024

‚This is about excess mortality and its measurement based on available data. It‘s about the effects of corona on inpatient care and the effect of forced ventilation in intensive care. And it is about evidence on collateral damage and the long-term effects of the decline in hospital cases for other diseases during corona.‘ With these words, MVF editor Prof Dr Reinhold Roski outlined the range of topics covered in the second part of the MVF Congress ‚Pandemic impact on care‘. Roski continued: ‚We need a reappraisal and a learning process must begin - we want to contribute to this today, because healthcare research has a decisive contribution to make.‘
„Rücken“ kostet pro Jahr 11,6 Milliarden Euro
Authors:   Monitor Versorgungsforschung, Stegmaier Peter
Published: February 2024

The Health Atlas editions of the Scientific Institute of the AOK (WIdO), which have been published annually since 2019, make the health situation of all residents in Germany‘s 400 districts and cities transparent. The current edition of the Health Atlas, published at the end of 2023, focuses on the topic of back pain and its prevalence in the German population. The report also focuses on causes, consequences, prevention options and consequences for the healthcare system.
Die Pandemie systemisch betrachtet
Authors:   Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science, Wien, Tretter Prof. Dr. med. Dr. phil. Dr. rer. pol Felix
Published: February 2024

Die Corona-Pandemie verläuft in Wellen, und es gibt lokale Hotspots. Diese Merkmale von Strömungen, ihre Variation und Identität, sind Gegenstand der Physik, was sie anscheinend zur Pandemieforschung befähigt. Doch zur Analyse von heterogenen Systemen passt die Systemwissenschaft besser.
Gesundheitsversorgung am Outcome ausrichten
Authors: Bergen Inga
Published: February 2024

The German healthcare system is one of the most efficient in the world, with enormous potential for patients and society as a whole. Unfortunately, we are far from (yet) utilising this potential. We spend a lot on our health - but we are not healthier: according to the OECD ranking (1), our healthcare expenditure is the second highest in relation to gross domestic product, just behind the USA. In terms of life expectancy, mortality and self-assessment of health status, however, Germany is mediocre at best. Can we, or rather, do we want to continue to afford this? In view of the recurring discussion about the sustainable financing of statutory health insurance funds and the social and economic impact of illnesses, the question seems rhetorical in nature. The goal must be a healthcare system that guarantees the best possible individual care for all people in this system and that can be financed sustainably. This joint position paper is intended as a basis for discussion. It describes the concept and the added value of value- and outcome-orientated healthcare in the sense of Value Based Healthcare (VBHC) for people, the system and society and identifies areas of action in which political support is particularly necessary.
Wie Mindestmengen die Patientenwanderung beeinflussen
Authors:   Vebeto, Hansis Dr.-Ing. Eberhard , Dahnke Dr. rer. nat. Hannes ,   Vebeto
Published: February 2024

If a new minimum quantity is introduced for an inpatient service, some of the service providers will be below the required number of cases. Their service volumes must be redistributed among the remaining providers. This leads to a regional increase in the number of cases, which can also lift those providers that are below the minimum volume above the threshold. In a simulation study, we illustrate the relationship between minimum volumes and patient migration. Before the introduction of the minimum volume of 30 cases, there are 745 providers in the simulation, 510 of which are below and 235 above the minimum volume. Patient migration leads to a further 79 providers being raised above the required case number threshold. These include providers with only 12 cases initially. Patient migration can therefore play a role in justifying a site‘s positive prognosis for reaching the minimum volume.
smartCasaplus – ein risikobasiertes geriatrisches Gesundheitscoaching für multimorbide Versicherte
Authors:   MedicalContact AG, Burger Prof. Dr. rer. pol. Stephan , Zahn Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Peter ,   DCC Risikoanalytik GmbH, Müller MA Markus M. ,   VIACTIV Krankenkasse s
Published: February 2024

The geriatric coaching program Casaplus of Medical Contact AG offers health coaching for multimorbid geriatric patients since 2007. Since then, around 30,000 patients have benefited from individual coaching. The critical success factors for geriatric coaching are the risk-based identification of candidates with high and impactable escalation risk as well as the recruitment and coaching of participants by specifically trained specialists. Together with VIACTIV and DCC Risk Analytics, the smartCasaplus program has been improved to include AI-based models in the prediction of influenceable risks for identi-fication and risk-adjusted propensity scores matching during evaluation. Actual results of the VIACTIV program evaluation show a significant return on investment of 1.7 dur-ing the first 4 program years
Analisis Keuangan dan Risiko Perusahaan Transportasi Angkutan Darat Selama Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Nainggolan Yunieta Anny , Syaputri Annisa Rizkia , Afgani Kurnia Fajar , Purbayati Radia , Subaryata Subaryata
Published: February 2024

Pandemi COVID-19 yang terjadi sejak awal tahun 2020 menyebabkan mobilitas masyarakat menurun secara drastis yang menyebabkan penurunan volume penumpang dan berdampak pada kelangsungan bisnis operator transportasi angkutan penumpang. Berbagai upaya dilakukan pemerintah untuk dapat mengendalikan penyebaran virus dengan anjuran berkegiatan di rumah. Selain anjuran tersebut, pemerintah juga mewajibkan penerapan protokol kesehatan yang ketat terutama di area public, termasuk transportasi umum. Hal tersebut berdampak pada biaya operasional kendaraan (BOK) operator bisnis transportasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kondisi keuangan dan risiko operator transportasi angkutan darat selama pandemi COVID-19 yang dilihat dari tiga aspek, yaitu struktur biaya, rasio keuangan dan risiko. Data yang dikumpulkan diperoleh melalui Focus Group Discussion (FGD) dan berbagai sumber daring. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa struktur biaya sangat memengaruhi pendapatan operator dikarenakan adanya biaya penerapan protokol kesehatan. Identifikasi rasio keuangan memprediksi terjadinya penurunan kinerja sebagai dampak pandemi. Hasil identifikasi risiko menunjukkan bahwa risiko paling tinggi adalah penurunan pendapatan dan terjadinya kredit macet serta meningkatnya biaya operasional. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar bagi operator bisnis transportasi angkutan darat dalam menyusun strategi selama masa pendemi. Selain itu, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar pertimbangan bagi pemerintah untuk memberikan stimulus agar operator dapat menjalankan bisnisnya. Adapun stimulus yang direkomendasikan adalah berupa subsidi biaya protokol kesehatan, subsidi perizinan serta keringanan pajak dan pinjaman.
Peningkatan Kinerja Jaringan Jalan Alternatif Melalui Efektivitas Jalan Lingkar
Authors: Salas Reza Ilham , Sarjana Sri
Published: February 2024

Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Tegal No. 10 Tahun 2012 tentang Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kabupaten Tegal Tahun 2012-2032 memuat rencana pembangunan Jalan Lingkar Kota Slawi sebagai jalan alternatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak pembangunan Jalan Lingkar Kota Slawi terhadap aspek lalu lintas dan aspek ekonomi untuk membantu pengambilan kebijakan pemerintah daerah Kabupaten Tegal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis kinerja jaringan jalan menggunakan keluaran aplikasi PTV Visum, analisis nilai waktu dengan metode pendapatan Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB), analisis biaya perjalanan, dan analisis biaya operasional kendaraan menggunakan metode Pacific Consultant International (PCI). Hasil penelitian terkait aspek lalu lintas guna peningkatan kinerja jaringan jalan menunjukkan penurunan waktu perjalanan sebesar 2,59% dari 1.002,13 kend.-jam/hari menjadi 976,22 kend.-jam/hari. Namun terjadi peningkatan jarak perjalanan sebesar 4,82% dari 37.316,95 kend.-km/hari menjadi 39.113,78 kend.-km/hari, peningkatan konsumsi bahan bakar minyak sebesar 3,14% dari 2.226,99 liter/hari naik menjadi 2.296,85 liter/hari, terjadinya peningkatan kecepatan rata-rata sebesar 4,82% dari 37,34 km/jam menjadi 39,23 km/jam. Selanjutnya, pada aspek ekonomi terjadi penghematan biaya waktu perjalanan sebesar 2,59% atau Rp18.647.388.015, terjadi peningkatan atau pemborosan biaya konsumsi bahan bakar minyak sebesar 2,93% atau Rp8.941.849.718, dan peningkatan atau pemborosan biaya operasional kendaraan sebesar 2,52% atau sebesar Rp2.698.300. Untuk itu, adanya penyelesaian Jalan Lingkar Kota Slawi mengakibatkan penghematan biaya perjalanan sebesar Rp9.702.839.998/tahun.
PERSONAL BRANDING RIDWAN KAMIL MELALUI INSTAGRAM @ridwankamil
Authors: Fauzan Salman Al , Parsono Slamet
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini membahas tentang bagaimana pemanfaatan media sosial Instagram dalam membangun personal branding Ridwan Kamil. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana bentuk personal branding yang telah dilakukan oleh Ridwan Kamil dengan memanfaatkan media sosial Instagram. Peneliti menganalisis bagaimana personal branding Ridwan Kamil dengan menggunakan empat dari delapan konsep personal branding yang dikemukakan oleh Peter Montoya (Siswiyanto, 2020:9). Keempat konsep tersebut adalah: (1) The Law of Specialization; (2) The Law of Leadership; (3) The Law of Personality; dan (4) The Law of Visibility. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan paradigma konstruktivisme. Metode data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam, dokumentasi, dan observasi kepada informan kunci dan informan ahli. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa personal branding yang dibangun oleh Ridwan Kamil mencerminkan sisi spesialisasi yang terlihat pada orisionalitas konten. Kemudian Ridwan Kamil menunjukkan sisi kepemimpinannya dengan mengedepankan ketegasan yang sejalan dengan data-data yang konkret dalam penyampaian-penyampaiannya. Ridwan Kamil juga menunjukkan kepribadian dirinya apa adanya, selaras dengan realita dan juga pada media sosialnya. Terakhir, Ridwan Kamil menunjukkan sisi visibilitasnya dalam menggunakan media sosial dengan selalu tampil pada Instagram pribadinya. Kata Kunci: instagram, media sosial, personal branding, Ridwan Kamil
STRATEGI PUBLIC RELATIONS PT TELKOM WITEL RIKEP BATAM DALAM MEMBANGUN CITRA PERUSAHAAN MELALUI MEDIA SOSIAL
Authors: Hamdi Muhammad Zaibatul
Published: February 2024

Public relations atau hubungan masyarakat memiliki peran penting dalam membangun, memperbaiki, dan mempertahankan citra dari sebuah lembaga atau perusahaan. Penelitian ini membahas strategi public relations PT Telkom Witel Rikep Batam dalam mempertahankan citra perusahaan melalui media sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana strategi dari Humas PT Telkom Witel Rikep Batam dalam mempertahankan kembali citra perusahaan melaluui konten-konten positif yang dimuat di media sosial. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan studi kepustakaan. Peneliti menggunakan teori dari Cutlip Center & Broom (2005) yakni: (1) mendefinisikan masalah; (2) membuat rencana dan program; (;3) bertindak dan berkomunikasi dan (4)mengevaluasi program. Hasil dari penelitian ini PT Telkom Witel Rikep Batam menerapkan tahapan-tahapan mulai dari merumuskan masalah, membuat rencana, eksekusi sebuah program, dan evaluasi. Kata Kunci: citra, media sosial, PT Telkom Witel Rikep Batam, strategi humas
Comparative analysis of the conceptual features of the concepts of YOUTH and JUVENTUD in Russian and Spanish linguistic cultures
Authors: Safaralieva Lyubov Aleksandrovna , Tutova Ekaterina Vladimirovna , Shevchenko Valentina Artemovna
Published: February 2024

In modern linguistics, research is actively developing aimed at cognizing the surrounding reality, verbalized by linguistic units of a particular language. At the same time, of course, interdisciplinary research, including both linguistic and extralinguistic data, is of particular value. The relevance of our article is the comparison of the concepts of YOUTH and JUVENTUD as fragments of the linguistic picture of the world of the Russian-speaking and Spanish-speaking peoples based on the synthesis of linguocultural and linguocognitive approaches to the study of concepts. The purpose of the work is to identify and compare the conceptual features of the above-mentioned concepts in Russian and Spanish linguistic cultures based on lexicographic sources and using extralinguistic socio-demographic data. The results obtained can find practical application in lexicographical activity. In our study, the conceptual features of the concepts of YOUTH and JUVENTUD were reconstructed based on the data of explanatory, encyclopedic, etymological dictionaries of the Russian and Spanish languages. The conceptual features of the mentioned concepts were identified by understanding the semantic scope of the names of the concepts: the lexemes youth, young in Russian and juventud, joven – in Spanish. Despite the fact that the concept of YOUTH was previously the subject of scientific analysis in the works of Russian linguists, a comparative study of the conceptual features of the concepts of YOUTH and JUVENTUD in Russian and Spanish linguistic cultures has not been conducted before, which is the novelty of the article. It was revealed that the coinciding conceptual features include: 1) a certain life stage of a person between adolescence and adulthood; 2) characteristic of youth; 3) the first stage of life / existence (about an animal, plant, phenomenon); 4) younger in age or time. It was also found that the period of youth for speakers of Spanish linguoculture covers a greater number of years, compared with the same period in Russian linguoculture, which is due to extralinguistic factors – a longer life expectancy in a Spanish-speaking society. In addition, for native Russian speakers, YOUTH is often associated with ‘immaturity, weakness’, while in Spanish linguoculture JUVENTUD is perceived as a period of ‘flourishing, strength, energy'.
Titles of Acts: Translation from English into Russian
Authors: Aleshko-Ozhevskaya S. S. , Ternovskaya I. L.
Published: February 2024

The article examines titles of English acts such as ‘The Act of Settlement 1701’, ‘The Instrument of Government 1653’, ‘The Act of Supremacy; 1534, 1559, ‘The Reform Act’ 1832, 1867, 1884 and ‘The Test Act’ 1673, 1678 and their translation into the Russian language. The analysis of textbooks and manuals on law and state history of foreign countries in the Russian language shows that their authors refer to the titles that have firmly entrenched in the Russian language, even though some of them have been translated incorrectly. Some researchers provide their own mostly word-for-word translation or totally avoid mentioning the titles of acts in the text. At the same time, adequate translation is essential as it allows readers to elicit necessary information and gain extensive and comprehensive knowledge on the subject. The polysemy of legal terms and the underlying historical background make the process of translation into Russian even more complicated. The differences between legal systems and languages due to their unique historical and cultural development cause difficulties in the translation process even for the most advanced machine translation tools based on neural networks. In order for the translation to be accurate, and therefore the cognitive function to be fully performed in academic texts, it is necessary to be familiar with the field of legal science as a whole, to take into account the historical context as well as the background of a particular act. The lack of background knowledge and the inability to grasp the meaning, role and importance of this or that act of Parliament results in word-for-word erroneous translation that in its turn distorts the original meaning of the text. The polysemy of English terms makes it difficult to find the corresponding equivalent term in Russian. Descriptive translation based on background knowledge with due regard for language peculiarities, as well as the use of such tools as footnotes and comments, can contribute to achieving the purpose.
A Study to Assess the Burden of Hematological Malignancies at a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Pai Vinayak , Gite Pramod , Joshi Kavita , Mulkalwar Alhad , Kate Vikram
Published: February 2024

Objectives

Hematological malignancies place a significant financial and medical burden on the affected patients. Well-equipped oncology centers providing healthcare for these patients are also sparse. By studying the epidemiology of those diagnosed with hematological malignancies, it can be correlated with the outcomes and compared with global and national trends. This will allow healthcare decision-makers at all levels to make informed decisions, while allocating resources to combat hematological malignancies. This study is aimed at understanding the pattern of various hematological malignancies presenting at a tertiary care center including their clinical profile, risk factors, etiology and presentation.

Material and Methods

This was an observational prospective study conducted in King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India. Patients aged 12 years and above suffering from hematological malignancies were recruited from the medical wards. The history and systemic examination findings were recorded from patients’ records. The patients were treated as per the discretion of the treating physician and all investigations advised by the treating physician were noted in the respective case record forms.

Results

The maximum cases were from the age group 36–50 years, i.e., 32 in number (40%), followed by the age group 51–65 years (25%). A greater number of male patients were encountered than female ones (67.5% vs 32.5%). Most of the patients were unskilled laborers followed by semi-skilled workers. Pesticide exposure was the commonest etiological factor reported in 16 (20%) patients, followed by exposure to silica that was reported in nine patients (11.25%).

Conclusion

The common age group to encounter hematological malignancies in patients is 36–50 years, being more prevalent among males. History of exposure to risk factors such as pesticides is commonly seen. Factors such as age and family history do not correlate with the outcome. Females tend to have a better outcome than males.
“Falsehood” in the Name of Beauty: Musica Ficta in 14th-Century Compositions
Authors: Сундукова Л.И.
Published: February 2024

Статья посвящена проблеме musica ficta (хроматики) в старинной музыке. Фокус сосредоточен на конкретном временнóм этапе — XIV веке (в Италии и Франции), когда хроматика начинает активно проникать в многоголосие. В одних случаях хроматика фиксировалась специальными знаками в рукописях, в иных — понималась контекстуально. Последнее обстоятельство приводит к тому, что современные редакторы, осуществляющие транскрипции, и исполнители вынуждены самостоятельно принимать решение о расстановке акциденций. Анализируется ряд трактатов XIV века (Просдочимо де Бельдоманди, Уголино Орвиетского, Якоба Льежского и других), в которых идет речь о хроматике: ее происхождении, правилах и причинах введения. При этом цель исследования заключается не столько в том, чтобы суммировать руководства теоретиков прошлого на предмет musica ficta, сколько в анализе современной практики. Он, в свою очередь, показывает, что исполнители прибегают к различным стратегиям, в некоторых случаях внемля заветам музыкантов прошлого, в иных — избирая собственный путь. Но все же, при любых сценариях, они завершают прежде завершенное, создавая новый звуковой облик композиции.

The article is devoted to the problem of musica ficta (accidentals) in early music. The focus is on a specific time period — the 14th century (in Italy and France), when chromatics begins to actively penetrate polyphony. In some cases, accidentals were fixed by special signs in manuscripts, in others they were understood in context. The latter circumstance leads to the fact that modern editors, transcribers and performers are forced to make their own decisions about the arrangement of accidents. The author analyzes a number of treatises of the 14th century (Prosdocimo de’ Beldomandi, Ugolino of Orvieto, Jacob of Liege, and others), dealing with chromatics: its origins, rules, and reasons to use them. At the same time, the purpose of the study is not so much to summarize the guidelines of the theorists of the past on the subject of musica ficta, but to analyze modern practice. It, in turn, shows that performers resort to various strategies, in some cases heeding the precepts of the musicians of the past, in others choosing their own path. But, nevertheless, in any scenarios, they complete what was previously completed, creating a new, unique sound image of the composition.
Extreme Dependence of Dynamics on Concentration in Highly Crowded Polyelectrolyte Solutions
Authors: Landfield Harrison , Kalamaris Nicholas , Wang Muzhou
Published: February 2024

Charge carrying species, such as polyelectrolytes, are vital to natural and synthetic processes that rely on their dynamic behavior. Here, we utilize single molecule methods to probe this dynamic behavior using polylysine as a model polyelectrolyte. Through single-particle tracking techniques, the diffusivity of individual polyelectrolyte chains and overall system viscosity are determined for concentrated polylysine solutions. These studies show experimental scaling dependences much stronger than theoretical predictions for both neutral polymers and polyelectrolytes and draw into question whether power law based scaling theories are appropriate to describe concentrated charged systems. Similar dependences are observed in concentrated solutions prepared at a variety of pH and counterion conditions. Hindered system dynamics are attributed to contributions from monomeric friction and the large effective excluded volume of polyelectrolyte chains leading to glassy dynamics. These forces restrict the movement of polymers through the sample and their effects are seen over a wide range of concentrations. The framework of the Vrentas Duda free volume theory is used to compare polyelectrolyte and neutral systems. Supported by this theory, when the mass associated with the counterions is excluded from the total polymer mass diffusive scaling across environmental conditions collapses onto a common trendline. Overall, these results are applicable to behavior in crowded biological systems, such as intracellular environments where the mobility of proteins is strongly inhibited.
Exploring Iron Oxide Catalysts for Acetone Hydrodeoxygenation: Making use of Earth-Abundant Resources
Authors: Nunes Pedro , Strapasson Guilherme , Báfero Gabriel , Zanchet Daniela
Published: February 2024

The catalytic performance of γ-Fe2O3 nanopowder was investigated in the acetone hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reaction, an essential catalytic reaction in biomass valorization. Sequential reduction/oxidation thermal pre-treatments of the γ-Fe2O3 nanopowder induced significant structural and electronic modifications that directly impacted its catalytic performance. The co-existence of Fe3+/Fe2+/Fe0 sites led to different reaction pathways (C-C coupling, hydrogenolysis, hydrogenation, and (hydro)deoxygenation) that formed a wide range of products. The correlation of the catalytic and structural data provided a better understanding of C-O, C-C, and C-H bond activation under the HDO reactional stream in the presence of metallic and oxidized phases of iron. This study demonstrates the tunability of FeOx catalysts in the acetone HDO reaction to favor different reaction pathways and the formation of products. It highlights that tailoring active sites is crucial for developing selective and optimized catalysts for the HDO reaction.
Pyrophosphonate Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Ke Xu , Oestreich Robert , Haj Hassani Sohi Takin , Lounasvuori Mailis , Ruthes Jean , Zorlu Yunus , Seiffert Philipp , Strothmann Till , Tholen Patrik , Suta Markus , Presser Volker , Petit Tristan , Janiak Christoph , Beckmann Jens , Schmedt auf der Günne Jörn , Yücesan Gündoğ
Published: February 2024

Herein, we report a new family of covalent organic frameworks (COFs), namely pyrophosphonate-COFs, constructed via pyrophosphonate linkages. Pyrophosphonate-COFs can be synthesized via a single-step condensation reaction of the charge-assisted hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF) GTUB5, which is constructed from phenylphosphonic acid and 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis[p‐phenylphosphonic acid] porphyrin. The reported pyrophosphonate-COF, which we call GTUB5-COF was synthesized by simply heating its two-linker HOF precursor GTUB5 without using chemical reagents. GTUB5-COF exhibits good water and water vapor stability during the gas sorption measurements. Furthermore, GTUB5-COF exhibits exceptional electrochemical stability in 0.5 M Na2SO4 electrolyte in water. The formation of pyrophosphonate bonds upon heating was confirmed by magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry coupled with thermal analysis. The condensed product pyrophosphonate-COF can efficiently adsorb CO2. It has a more favorable heat of adsorption value for CO2 capture at lower pressures than water vapor, making it a suitable candidate for selective CO2 capture in the presence of water vapor. The absorption and emission of GTUB5-COF are governed by localized transitions (Soret and Q bands) within the porphyrin unit, which results in broad-banded fluorescence in the near-infrared range at around 800 nm.
Formation of TEMPO Adducts with Hydrogen Atom Transfer: A New Pathway to Versatile Hydrofunctionalizations of Olefins
Authors: Yao Chengbo , Aliyu Muinat Ajoke , Norton Jack R.
Published: February 2024

Since the seminal work by Mukaiyama, many research groups reported hydrofunctionalization of olefin with different metal hydrides in situ. Despite the rapid development of MHAT (metal-catalyzed hydrogen atom transfer)-derived reactions, the need for using different catalyst systems to accommodate different reactivities makes it not appealing. Here, we describe a two-step process to access a broad range of hydrofunctionalization of olefins. The first step involves a cobalt-catalyzed formation of TEMPO adduct from olefins. The reaction demonstrates a broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance. The second step involves a photocatalytic nucleophilic addition to generate a new C-C, C-N, C-O, C-F, and C-Cl bond. Interestingly with our methodology, nucleophilic fluorination could be achieved with a short reaction time, showing its potential in PET applications. Combining the two steps, a net hydrofunctionalization of olefins with a broad range can be achieved by simply changing the nucleophiles in the second step. Noteworthily, a two-step diastereoselective hydration of olefins was also demonstrated by employing the bulkiness of TEMPO.
The Third CACHE Challenge – Finding Ligands Targeting the Macrodomain of SARS-CoV-2 NSP3 Using AI-inspired and Knowledge-Based Approaches.
Authors: Kumar B.V.S Suneel , Rostaing Ophélie , Burai-Patrascu Mihai , Janezic Matej , Moitessier Antoine , Pottel Joshua , Moitessier Nicolas
Published: February 2024

The SARS-CoV-2 virus contains a host of nonstructural proteins (NSPs) that contribute to its structure and viral function. Among them is the nonstructural protein 3 (NSP3), which contains a macrodomain (Mac1) that interferes with antiviral adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation signaling. Catalytic mutations in Mac1 render viruses nonpathogenic, making this enzyme a promising target for antiviral development. For this reason, the third CACHE challenge focused on identifying binders of the Mac1 domain of NSP3 for the development of novel antivirals against SARS-CoV-2. To this end, we used available structural data of the NSP3 Mac1 domain in complex with known fragment binders as starting points for ligand discovery; our efforts were primarily focused on sub-sites of the ADP binding site in the NSP3 macrodomain. Then, using Artificial intelligence (AI)-guided and knowledge-based fragment merging and expansion approaches, we generated novel molecules that would serve as templates to identify highly similar compounds in the Enamine REAL database that would be commercially available. Our design yielded a library of 12,800 molecules, which was docked with our program FITTED to a representative crystal structure of NSP3. We ranked the predicted binding poses based on docking score, followed by visual pose analysis of the best 200 compounds. We finally selected and proposed 150 compounds for testing, followed by further shortlisting to yield a final list of 107 molecules. 91 compounds were purchased from Enamine and are being tested at the Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC). Our approach and findings will further contribute to our open science efforts, and we aim to continue to engage the scientific community.
Structure-Reactivity relationship of olefins as Electrophiles and Nucleophiles: Factors Influencing
Authors: Panda Jeetendra , Sahoo Jigyansa , Sahoo Gokarneswar
Published: February 2024

This article depicts the reactivity study of olefins towards nucleophilic and electrophilic reactions. The real-time NMR kinetic experiments showcased how the reactivity of the olefins varies with varying electron density over the olefinic bond. Additionally, the SC-XRD study reveals not only the electron density over olefin makes the difference in reactivity but the planar arrangement also has an impact and could nullify these substitution effects.
Uptake of Tire-Derived Compounds in Leafy Vegetables and Implications for Human Dietary Exposure
Authors: Sherman Anya , Hämmerle Luzian Elijah , Ben Mordechay Evyatar , Chefetz Benny , Hüffer Thorsten , Hofmann Thilo
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Tire and road wear particles are one of the most abundant types of microplastic entering the environment. The toxicity of tire and road wear particles has been linked to their organic additives and associated transformation products. Tire and road wear particles, and associated tire-derived compounds are introduced to the agricultural environment via atmospheric deposition, irrigation with reclaimed wastewater, and the use of biosolids (treated sewage sludge) as fertilizer. In the agricultural environment, these tire-derived compounds could be taken up by edible plants, leading to human exposure. Methods: Sixteen tire-derived compounds were measured in twenty-eight commercial leafy vegetable samples from four countries. Based on the results, the estimated daily intake of these tire-derived compounds was calculated due to leafy vegetable consumption based on local diets under a mean and maximum concentration scenario. Results: In commercial leafy vegetables, six tire-derived compounds were detected: benzothiazole (maximum concentration – 238 ng/g dry weight), 2-hydroxybenzothiazole (maximum concentration – 665 ng/g dry weight), DPG (maximum concentration – 2.1 ng/g dry weight), 6PPD (maximum concentration – 0.4 ng/g dry weight), IPPD (maximum concentration – 0.1 ng/g dry weight), and CPPD (maximum concentration – 0.3 ng/g dry weight). At least one compound was present in 71% of samples analyzed. The estimated daily intake for DPG ranged from 0.05 ng/person/day in the mean scenario to 4.0 ng/person/day in the maximum scenario; benzothiazole ranged from 12 to 1296 ng/person/day; 6PPD ranged from 0.06 to 2.6 ng/person/day; IPPD ranged from 0.04 to 1.1 ng/person/day; CPPD ranged from 0.05 to 2.6 ng/person/day. Discussion: Statistical analyses did not reveal correlation between known growth conditions and tire-derived compound concentrations in the leafy vegetable samples. The estimated daily intake via leafy vegetable consumption was generally lower than or comparable to the estimated daily intake via other known sources. However, we show that tire-derived compounds are taken up by foodstuff, and exposure might be higher for other produce. Future studies are needed to uncover pathways of tire-derived compounds from road to food, assess the exposure to transformation products, and investigate the biological effects associated with this exposure.
Legislación y mecanismos de protección contra las violencias de género en México (2016-2019)
Authors: Niño Cruz Alberto , Luna Espinoza Ignacio , Hernández Cortez Noé
Published: February 2024

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los principales ejes normativos de la legislación internacional contra las violencias de género y su impacto en la legislación nacional en México, así como los mecanismos de protección contra la violencia estructural que padecen mujeres y niñas en el contexto nacional. La metodología de la investigación consiste en el análisis de contenido de la legislación internacional y nacional para erradicar la violencia contra las mujeres. Asimismo, con base en datos de la Encuesta Nacional sobre la Dinámica de las Relaciones en los Hogares (ENDIREH) y la Encuesta Nacional de Victimización y Percepción sobre Seguridad Pública (ENVIPE), se presenta evidencia empírica sobre el contexto de violencia que cotidianamente viven las mujeres en las entidades federativas de México. La investigación concluye que la legislación nacional contra las violencias de género implementada por el Estado mexicano, como respuesta a las demandas de los movimientos y organizaciones feministas, es limitada frente a las violencias de género que actualmente se vive de forma trágica en México.