bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome analysis of the adenoma–carcinoma sequences identifies novel biomarkers associated with development of canine colorectal cancer
Authors: Lin Zixiang , Zhang Jiatong , Chen Qi , Zhang Xiaohu , Zhang Di , Lin Jiahao , Lin Degui
Published: November 2023

The concept of adenoma-to-cancer transformation in human colorectal cancer (CRC) is widely accepted. However, the relationship between transcriptome features and adenoma to carcinoma transformation in canines is not clear. We collected transcriptome data from 8 normal colon tissues, 4 adenoma tissues, and 15 cancer tissues. Differential analysis was unable to determine the dynamic changes of genes but revealed that PFKFB3 may play a key role in this process. Enrichment analysis explained metabolic dysregulation, immunosuppression, and typical cancer pathways in canine colorectal tumors. MFuzz generated specific dynamic expression patterns of five differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Weighted correlation network analysis showed that DEGs in cluster 3 were associated with malignant tissues, revealing the key role of inflammatory and immune pathways in canine CRC, and the S100A protein family was also found to be involved in the malignant transformation of canine colorectal tumors. By comparing strategies between humans and dogs, we found five novel markers that may be drivers of CRC. Among them, GTBP4 showed excellent diagnostic and prognostic ability. This study was the first systematic exploration of transformation in canine CRC, complemented the molecular characteristics of the development and progression of canine CRC, and provided new potential biomarkers and comparative oncologic evidence for biomarker studies in human colorectal cancer.
Glucagon- and insulin-immunopositive endocrine cells in porcine extrahepatic bile ducts and gallbladder
Authors: Stefanov Ivaylo Stefanov , Stefanov Stefan Ivaylov , Gulubova Maya Vladova
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Pancreatic β-cells and α-cells have been found in the murine extrahepatic biliary ducts but not in the gallbladder. However, there has been no information reported in the specialized literature about the presence of glucagon- and insulin-expressing endocrine cells in porcine bile ducts and gallbladder.

Aim

We aimed to perform an immunohistochemical study to identify glucagon- and insulin-positive cells and their distribution in the porcine extrahepatic biliary ducts and gallbladder.

Method

The immunohistochemical method was used to detect the presence and distribution of glucagon- and insulin-positive endocrine cells in the common hepatic duct (ductus hepaticus communis), common bile duct (ductus choledochus), cystic duct (ductus cysticus), and gallbladder (vesica fellea) of male pigs. Chromogranin A was used as a typical marker for endocrine cells.

Results

The density of chromogranin A-, glucagon- and insulin-positive cells per field was the largest in the common bile duct, followed by the common hepatic duct, cystic duct, and gallbladder. The three types of endocrine cells showed specific localization in the superficial and deep glands of the studied organs.

Conclusion and clinical importance

The distribution of glucagon- and insulin-immunopositive endocrine cells in the porcine extrahepatic biliary tract was established for the first time as a new source of these hormones. The presence of α- and β-cells in the epithelium of extrahepatic bile ducts can be applied in treatment of diabetes, taking into account the possibility to reprogram the biliary epithelium to mentioned pancreatic endocrine cell types.
Case report: Severe asymptomatic hypertriglyceridemia associated with long-term low-dose rapamycin administration in a healthy middle-aged Labrador retriever
Authors: Evans Jeremy B. , Chou Lucy , Kaeberlein Matt , Promislow Daniel E.L. , Creevy Kate E.
Published: November 2023

Rapamycin is an mTOR inhibitor that has been shown to extend the lifespan of laboratory model organisms. In humans, rapamycin is used at higher doses as an immunosuppressive medication to prevent organ rejection. Numerous adverse effects are seen with rapamycin treatment in humans, with one of the most common being dysregulation of lipid metabolism. In humans, this often manifests as mild to moderate serum lipid elevations, with a small subset developing extreme triglyceride elevations. This case report describes an eight-year-old, castrated male, clinically healthy Labrador retriever who developed severe hypertriglyceridemia associated with low-dose rapamycin administration over a six-month period. During this time, the dog was asymptomatic and displayed no other clinical abnormalities, aside from a progressive lipemia. Within 15 days of discontinuing rapamycin treatment, and with no targeted lipemic intervention, the dog’s lipemia and hypertriglyceridemia completely resolved.
Time series analysis and forecasting of the number of canine rabies confirmed cases in Thailand based on national-level surveillance data
Authors: Punyapornwithaya Veerasak , Thanapongtharm Weerapong , Jainonthee Chalita , Chinsorn Pornpiroon , Sagarasaeranee Onpawee , Salvador Roderick , Arjkumpa Orapun
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Rabies, a deadly zoonotic viral disease, accounts for over 50,000 fatalities globally each year. This disease predominantly plagues developing nations, with Thailand being no exception. In the current global landscape, concerted efforts are being mobilized to curb human mortalities attributed to animal-transmitted rabies. For strategic allocation and optimization of resources, sophisticated and accurate forecasting of rabies incidents is imperative. This research aims to determine temporal patterns, and seasonal fluctuations, and project the incidence of canine rabies throughout Thailand, using various time series techniques.

Methods

Monthly total laboratory-confirmed rabies cases data from January 2013 to December 2022 (full dataset) were split into the training dataset (January 2013 to December 2021) and the test dataset (January to December 2022). Time series models including Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA), Neural Network Autoregression (NNAR), Error Trend Seasonality (ETS), the Trigonometric Exponential Smoothing State-Space Model with Box-Cox transformation, ARMA errors, Trend and Seasonal components (TBATS), and Seasonal and Trend Decomposition using Loess (STL) were used to analyze the training dataset and the full dataset. The forecast values obtained from the time series models applied to the training dataset were compared with the actual values from the test dataset to determine their predictive performance. Furthermore, the forecast projections from January 2023 to December 2025 were generated from models applied to the full dataset.

Results

The findings revealed a total of 4,678 confirmed canine rabies cases during the study duration, with apparent seasonality in the data. Among the models tested with the test dataset, TBATS exhibited superior predictive accuracy, closely trailed by the SARIMA model. Based on the full dataset, TBATS projections suggest an annual average of approximately 285 canine rabies cases for the years 2023 to 2025, translating to a monthly average of 23 cases (range: 18–30). In contrast, SARIMA projections averaged 277 cases annually (range: 208–214).

Discussion

This research offers a new perspective on disease forecasting through advanced time series methodologies. The results should be taken into consideration when planning and conducting rabies surveillance, prevention, and control activities.
The Yield of Routine Post-Operative Doppler Ultrasound to Detect Early Post-Liver Transplantation Vascular Complications
Authors: Minciuna Iulia , den Hoed Caroline , van der Meer Adriaan J. , Sonneveld Milan J. , Sprengers Dave , de Knegt Robert J. , de Jonge Jeroen , Maan Raoel , Polak Wojciech G. , Darwish Murad Sarwa
Published: November 2023

Early detection of liver transplantation (LT) vascular complications enables timely management. Our aim was to assess if routine Doppler ultrasound (rDUS) improves the detection of hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT), portal vein thrombosis (PVT) and hepatic venous outflow obstruction (HVOO). We retrospectively analysed timing and outcomes, number needed to diagnose one complication (NND) and positive predictive value (PPV) of rDUS on post-operative day (POD) 0,1 and 7 in 708 adult patients who underwent primary LT between 2010–2022. We showed that HAT developed in 7.1%, PVT in 8.2% and HVOO in 3.1% of patients. Most early complications were diagnosed on POD 0 (26.9%), 1 (17.3%) and 5 (17.3%). rDUS correctly detected 21 out of 26 vascular events during the protocol days. PPV of rDUS was 53.8%, detection rate 1.1% and NND was 90.5. Median time to diagnosis was 4 days for HAT and 47 days for PVT and 21 days for HVOO. After intervention, liver grafts were preserved in 57.1%. In conclusion, rDUS protocol helps to detect first week’s vascular events, but with low PPV and a high number of ultrasounds needed.
SNP Loci and Favorable Haplotype Mining for Alkalinity Tolerance in the Rice Bud Stage
Authors: Zhou Zhenzhen , Du Mingyu , Liu Zhengbo , Chang Yingping , Xiong Mengyuan , Sun Hao , Cheng Xianping , Zhang Yanan , Sun Jinghan , Wang Rui , Zhang Mengyuan , Li Xinru , Li Min , Zhang Chaopu , Liu Erbao
Published: November 2023

The mining of favorable SNP loci and haplotypes is of great significance for the further cloning and molecular-assisted breeding of alkalinity-tolerance genes in rice. To improve the utilization rate of saline–alkaline lands and the yield of rice, we used the 1,322,884 SNPs obtained from the sequencing 173 of rice accessions in this study. Alkalinity-tolerance-related traits, including the germination energy (GE), germination rate (GR), seedling length (SL), root length (RL), relative alkaline damage rate (RADR) of the GERADR of the GR, RADR of the SL and RADR of the RL, were evaluated in 2019 and 2020 and revealed abundant phenotypes in the studied population. A genome-wide association analysis detected 10 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to alkalinity tolerance. In addition, a transcriptome sequencing analysis of the alkalinity-tolerant rice variety ‘Yuedao 9’ and the alkali-sensitive rice variety ‘Tijin’ under alkalinity stress and control conditions was performed. Three candidate genes that were predicted to be related to alkalinity tolerance in rice, namely LOC_Os06g06600, LOC_Os011g44680 and LOC_Os011g44600, were screened based on gene annotation, coding sequences and haplotype analysis. The results of this study provide important genetic information for the molecular improvement of rice.
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Sexually Dimorphic Gene Expression in the Gonads of Brachymystax tsinlingensis Li
Authors: Huang Ling , Ye Huan , Yue Huamei , Leng Xiaoqian , Ruan Rui , Du Hao , Li Chuangju , Wu Jinming
Published: November 2023

Brachymystax tsinlingensis Li is an endangered cold-water salmonid fish native to China. This study aimed to identify sex-related genes and biological pathways via gonadal transcriptome sequencing of B. tsinlingensis Li. A total of 167,904 unigenes were identified with an average length of 836 bp and an N50 of 1452 bp, of which 84,977 (50.61%) unigenes were successfully annotated in six major databases. Comparative transcriptome analysis identified 22,864 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 17,231 were up-regulated (male-biased genes, mDEGs) and 5633 were down-regulated (female-biased genes, fDEGs). Several DEGs associated with gonadal development were found through Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, such as ccnb1, zp3, bmp15, dmrt1, and psmc3ip. Signaling pathways related to gonadal development were found to be enriched through analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Pathway database, such as genes involves in base excision repair, the notch signaling pathway, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, the VEGF signaling pathway, and the estrogen signaling pathway. In addition, mRNA expression levels of 19 DEGs were determined to validate the reliability of the transcriptomic data by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. These results revealed genes and signaling pathways potentially involved in gonadal development in B. tsinlingensis Li and provided basic molecular data for future research on reproductive regulation and breeding of B. tsinlingensis Li.
Stratospheric Warming Events in the Period January–March 2023 and Their Impact on Stratospheric Ozone in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Mukhtarov Plamen , Miloshev Nikolay , Bojilova Rumiana
Published: November 2023

In this investigation, a comparison is presented between variations in temperature and ozone concentration at different altitude levels in the stratosphere for the Northern Hemisphere in the conditions of Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) for the period January–March 2023. Spatial and altitude distribution of atmospheric characteristics derived from MERRA-2 are represented by their Fourier decomposition. A cross-correlation analysis between temperature and Total Ozone Column (TOC) is used. The longitudinal inhomogeneities in temperature, caused by stationary Planetary Waves with wavenumber 1 (SPW1), are found to be significant at altitudes around the maximum of the maximum of the ozone number density vertical distribution. As a result, it is established that the latitudinal and longitudinal distribution of TOC has a noticeable similarity with that of the temperature at altitudes close to the ozone concentration maximum. The results of correlation between temperature at individual stratospheric levels and ozone concentration show that (i) in the region around the ozone concentration maximum, the correlation is high and positive, (ii) at higher altitudes the sign of the correlation changes to negative (~37 km). The examination shows that the anomalous increases in TOC during SSW are due to an increase in ozone concentration in the altitudes between 10 km and 15 km.
Hybrid Nucleation Acceleration Method with Calcium Carbonate and Calcium Silicate Hydrate for Fast-Track Construction
Authors: Yeo Shih Horng , Mo Kim Hung , Mahmud Hilmi Bin
Published: November 2023

This research focuses on achieving early strength of cement-based materials through the hybrid nucleation acceleration method. Through the study of various mortar mixtures, which incorporate components such as ordinary Portland cement (OPC), fine limestone powder (with a particle size of d50: 1 μm), coarse limestone powder (with a particle size of d50: 12 μm), calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) nucleation seeding agent, and calcium nitrate (CN), the effect of the hybrid nucleation acceleration method was investigated. When OPC was substituted with 20% fine limestone powder, a strength of 13.5 MPa was achieved at 6 h, whereas the use of coarse limestone powder only yielded 3.5 MPa within the same time frame. The mortar containing 2% C-S-H nucleation seeding agent reached an impressive 16 MPa at 6 h. Meanwhile, through the synergistic combination of fine limestone powder and C-S-H nucleation seeding agent, the 6 h early strength attained an impressive 19 MPa. The micrograph revealed that the hybrid nucleation acceleration method significantly promoted the formation of a dense network of C-S-H within the paste, thus enhancing the packing density. Measuring the heat release demonstrated that the samples accelerated with the C-S-H nucleation seeding agent and fine limestone reached the peak 160 min earlier than the OPC sample, indicating a faster hydration process. The hybrid nucleation accelerated concrete (HNAC) achieved strengths of 20 MPa and 27 MPa within 6 and 8 h, respectively, whereas the 28-day strength surpassed 70 MPa. The concrete equivalent mortar (CEM), derived from concrete, attained a compressive strength of 25 MPa within 8 h, making it suitable for repair applications. The modulus of rupture (MOR) was 7.31 MPa at 8 h and increased to 17.27 MPa at 28 days. Overall, the developed concrete and CEM with the novel hybrid nucleation acceleration method allowed for high early and long-term strength for fast-track construction to be attained.
Research on the Modular Design and Application of Prefabricated Components Based on KBE
Authors: Li Na , Feng Yu , Liu Jixiong , Ye Xiongjin , Xie Xingxing
Published: November 2023

The design and production of prefabricated buildings pose challenges in achieving standardization, limiting their extensive adoption. In order to address issues of prefabricated components, such as the low reusability of design knowledge, limited standardization, and design disconnection, this paper adopted the prefabricated cantilevered structure components as the research object. It employs knowledge-based engineering (KBE) theory and secondary split modularization approach in conjunction with Revit secondary development technology to establish a modular design system. The system formalizes complex design knowledge into concise user interfaces and a logically clear programming language, ensuring the design system’s ease of use and accessibility. To validate the authenticity and applicability of the modular design system developed in this paper, a comparison is made between the traditional modeling tool and modular modeling tool. Through empirical analysis, the result indicates that the new tool proposed in this paper can enhance the efficiency of design professionals by 72.92%. Among these, the tool meets the modeling and design requirements of 96.1% of the prefabricated components in the project, making it highly suitable for the modeling and design process of the vast majority of prefabricated components. Therefore, this design approach, which integrates KBE and three-dimensional geometric technology, makes the modular design of prefabricated cantilevered structural components feasible, providing a reference for future research in the design of other prefabricated components.
Design and Management of a Spatial Database for Monitoring Building Comfort and Safety
Authors: Guo Ming , Qi Huihui , Zhao Youshan , Liu Yang , Zhao Jiawei , Zhang Ying
Published: November 2023

As the impacts of climate change on urban environments and buildings become more and more prominent, building comfort and structural safety monitoring becomes crucial. However, efficiently storing and managing the multi-source monitoring data generated during the long-term monitoring process has been an urgent challenge. In order to solve the above problems, this paper designs and develops a spatial database management system for building comfort and structural safety monitoring based on standard database development tools. A conceptual model of a spatial database for building comfort and structural safety monitoring is proposed, and the entities, attributes, and connections in the model are discussed to transform the E-R conceptual model into a logical model supported by an object-relational spatial database management system. Based on this conceptual and logical model, a mainstream backend framework was adopted and combined with common database and programming language tools and BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology for development to establish a spatial database management system with data storage, management, analysis, and visualization functions. We designed building monitoring experiments and proved through the experiments that the database management system can stably store, analyze, and manage the monitoring data and visualize the display, with the advantages of a fast response speed and low error rate. The spatial database system improves the storage and management efficiency of building comfort and structural safety monitoring data, eliminates redundant data, and realizes comprehensive analysis and management of building comfort and structural safety monitoring data. It provides data support for building comfort and structural safety assessment, helps users analyze the formation mechanism and evolution law of the urban heat island effect, assesses the interrelationship between climate change and urban building morphology, and constructs an urban thermal environment that is more adaptable to climate change.
Endometrial Cancer with and without Endometriosis: Clinicopathological Differences
Authors: Minamikawa Takahiro , Yachida Nozomi , Takahashi Kotaro , Saito Kyota , Sekizuka Tomoyuki , Akashi Hidehiko , Suzuki Miho , Mori Yutaro , Yamawaki Kaoru , Suda Kazuaki , Tamura Ryo , Adachi Sosuke , Yoshihara Kosuke
Published: November 2023

Endometriosis is known to be associated with an increased risk of endometrioid and clear cell ovarian cancer. However, the association between endometriosis and endometrial cancer is controversial. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed the medical records of women with endometrial cancer who had undergone surgery at our institution to evaluate the clinicopathological relationship between endometrial cancer and endometriosis. The study included 720 women pathologically diagnosed with endometrial cancer at our hospital between 2000 and 2020. The participants were allocated to two groups of patients with endometrial cancer: patients with endometriosis (n = 101) and patients without endometriosis (n = 619). Endometrial cancer patients with endometriosis were significantly younger (median age 54.0 vs. 58.0; p = 0.002). In addition, endometrial cancer patients with endometriosis had fewer pregnancies and deliveries (median pregnancy 1.58 vs. 1.99; p = 0.019, median delivery 1.25 vs. 1.56; p = 0.012). The percentage of patients classified as stage IA was significantly higher in those with endometrial cancer with endometriosis (68.3% vs. 56.4%; p = 0.029). In the analysis of synchronous ovarian cancer, the percentage of dual primary cancer was higher in patients with endometriosis (14.9% vs. 1.6%; p < 0.001). The association of young-onset early-stage endometrial cancer with endometriosis is an important finding that cannot be ignored clinically.
Disease-Free and Overall Survival Implications of Pelvic Lymphadenectomy in Endometrial Cancer: A Retrospective Population-Based Single-Center Study
Authors: Misiek Marcin , Michalczyk Kaja , Kukla-Jakubowska Aleksandra , Lewandowski Marcin , Wrona-Cyranowska Agnieszka , Koźmińska Magdalena , Fras Piotr , Chudecka-Głaz Anita
Published: November 2023

The role of pelvic lymphadenectomy in endometrial cancer remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the influence of lymphadenectomy on progression-free and overall survival among patients diagnosed with endometrial carcinoma. This retrospective single-center study included 1532 patients operated on in a Polish reference center for gynecologic oncology at Holy Cross Hospital, Kielce, between 2002 and 2020. A total of 1004 patients underwent systematic lymphadenectomy as a part of their surgical procedure. The median number of collected lymph nodes was seven. In total, 11.6% of patients were found to have lymph node invasion. The number of lymph nodes removed correlated with patient survival. In patients in whom the number of removed lymph nodes was above the median (>7), the risk of death was reduced (HR 0.68, p = 0.002). The risk of death correlated with the presence of lymph node metastasis (HR 4.12, p < 0.001). The risk of cancer progression was associated with the number of lymph nodes removed (HR 0.54, p = 0.006), and the risk of EC recurrence was greater in patients with lymph node metastasis (HR 1.94, p = 0.016). Our study provides additional evidence that systematic lymphadenectomy may influence the disease-free and overall survival of patients with endometrial cancer. The number of lymph nodes removed correlated with patient prognosis. Further studies are needed to evaluate the use of lymphadenectomy in endometrial cancer treatment.
Peritoneal Metastasis: A Dilemma and Challenge in the Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Xia Wei , Geng Yiting , Hu Wenwei
Published: November 2023

Peritoneal metastasis (PM) is a common mode of distant metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC) and has a poorer prognosis compared to other metastatic sites. The formation of PM foci depends on the synergistic effect of multiple molecules and the modulation of various components of the tumor microenvironment. The current treatment of CRC-PM is based on systemic chemotherapy. However, recent developments in local therapeutic modalities, such as cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPC), have improved the survival of these patients. This article reviews the research progress on the mechanism, characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment strategies of CRC-PM, and discusses the current challenges, so as to deepen the understanding of CRC-PM among clinicians.
Hypoxia Induces Alterations in the Circadian Rhythm in Patients with Chronic Respiratory Diseases
Authors: Castillejos-López Manuel , Romero Yair , Varela-Ordoñez Angelica , Flores-Soto Edgar , Romero-Martinez Bianca S. , Velázquez-Cruz Rafael , Vázquez-Pérez Joel Armando , Ruiz Víctor , Gomez-Verjan Juan C. , Rivero-Segura Nadia A. , Camarena Ángel , Torres-Soria Ana Karen , Gonzalez-Avila Georgina , Sommer Bettina , Solís-Chagoyán Héctor , Jaimez Ruth , Torres-Espíndola Luz María , Aquino-Gálvez Arnoldo
Published: November 2023

The function of the circadian cycle is to determine the natural 24 h biological rhythm, which includes physiological, metabolic, and hormonal changes that occur daily in the body. This cycle is controlled by an internal biological clock that is present in the body’s tissues and helps regulate various processes such as sleeping, eating, and others. Interestingly, animal models have provided enough evidence to assume that the alteration in the circadian system leads to the appearance of numerous diseases. Alterations in breathing patterns in lung diseases can modify oxygenation and the circadian cycles; however, the response mechanisms to hypoxia and their relationship with the clock genes are not fully understood. Hypoxia is a condition in which the lack of adequate oxygenation promotes adaptation mechanisms and is related to several genes that regulate the circadian cycles, the latter because hypoxia alters the production of melatonin and brain physiology. Additionally, the lack of oxygen alters the expression of clock genes, leading to an alteration in the regularity and precision of the circadian cycle. In this sense, hypoxia is a hallmark of a wide variety of lung diseases. In the present work, we intended to review the functional repercussions of hypoxia in the presence of asthma, chronic obstructive sleep apnea, lung cancer, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, obstructive sleep apnea, influenza, and COVID-19 and its repercussions on the circadian cycles.
The Role of Cortisol in Chronic Stress, Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Psychological Disorders
Authors: Knezevic Emilija , Nenic Katarina , Milanovic Vladislav , Knezevic Nebojsa Nick
Published: November 2023

Cortisol, a critical glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal glands, plays a pivotal role in various physiological processes. Its release is finely orchestrated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus, governing the circadian rhythm and activating the intricate hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, a vital neuroendocrine system responsible for stress response and maintaining homeostasis. Disruptions in cortisol regulation due to chronic stress, disease, and aging have profound implications for multiple bodily systems. Animal models have been instrumental in elucidating these complex cortisol dynamics during stress, shedding light on the interplay between physiological, neuroendocrine, and immune factors in the stress response. These models have also revealed the impact of various stressors, including social hierarchies, highlighting the role of social factors in cortisol regulation. Moreover, chronic stress is closely linked to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, driven by excessive cortisol production and HPA axis dysregulation, along with neuroinflammation in the central nervous system. The relationship between cortisol dysregulation and major depressive disorder is complex, characterized by HPA axis hyperactivity and chronic inflammation. Lastly, chronic pain is associated with abnormal cortisol patterns that heighten pain sensitivity and susceptibility. Understanding these multifaceted mechanisms and their effects is essential, as they offer insights into potential interventions to mitigate the detrimental consequences of chronic stress and cortisol dysregulation in these conditions.
Towards the Identification and Characterization of Putative Adult Human Lens Epithelial Stem Cells
Authors: Saranya Pandi , Shekhar Madhu , Haripriya Aravind , Muthukkaruppan Veerappan , Gowri Priya Chidambaranathan
Published: November 2023

The anterior lens epithelium has the ability to differentiate into lens fibres throughout its life. The present study aims to identify and functionally characterize the adult stem cells in the human lens epithelium. Whole mounts of lens epithelium from donor eyes (normal/cataract) were immunostained for SOX2, gap junction protein alpha 1 (GJA1), PAX6, α, β and γ-crystallins, followed by a confocal analysis. The functional property of adult stem cells was analysed by their sphere forming ability using cultured lens epithelial cells from different zones. Based on marker expression, the lens epithelium was divided into four zones: the central zone, characterized by a small population of PAX6+, GJA1−, β-crystallin− and γ-crystallin− cells; the germinative zone, characterized by PAX6+, GJA1+, β-crystallin− and γ-crystallin−; the transitional zone, characterized by PAX6+, GJA1+, β-crystallin+ and γ-crystallin−; and the equatorial zone, characterized by PAX6+/−, GJA1+, β-crystallin+, and γ-crystallin+ cells. The putative lens epithelial stem cells identified as SOX2+ and GJA1 membrane expression negative cells were located only in the central zone (1.89 ± 0.84%). Compared to the other zones, a significant percentage of spheres were identified in the central zone (1.68 ± 1.04%), consistent with the location of the putative adult lens epithelial stem cells. In the cataractous lens, an absence of SOX2 expression and a significant reduction in sphere forming ability (0.33 ± 0.11%) were observed in the central zone. The above findings confirmed the presence of putative stem cells in the central zone of the adult human lens epithelium and indicated their probable association with cataract development.
Empathy in Preschoolers: Exploring Profiles and Age- and Gender-Related Differences
Authors: Simon Poline , Nader-Grosbois Nathalie
Published: November 2023

Empathy is a key skill in the daily life of preschoolers, and it is important to understand how it evolves during this crucial period of development. This paper includes two studies. The first study, which had a cross-sectional design, examined affective, cognitive, and behavioral empathy in 354 children (aged from 3 to 6 years) through a performance-based measure and questionnaires completed by their mothers. Although girls tended to have better affective empathy than boys on the performance-based task, no difference was noted in the mothers’ perceptions of their children’s empathy. Empathy dimensions varied depending on the age of the children. The hierarchical cluster analyses of the cases identified differentiated subgroups of children, according to their empathic skills in the three dimensions. The second study, which was longitudinal, used the same measures and investigated the developmental trajectory of empathy in 69 preschoolers over one year. The results showed that each empathic dimension predicted itself one year later, but did not predict the two others. The implications for potential interventions are emphasized in this study.
Enhanced Treatment of Potato Starch Wastewater Using Chitosan-Modified Biochar Film Adsorption Coupled with Ultrafiltration
Authors: Zuo Jinlong , Zhao Tingting , Yang Shaodong , Xia Zhi , Tan Chong , Li Junsheng , Wang Yuyang
Published: November 2023

Potato starch wastewater, a byproduct of potato processing, is an escalating environmental concern due to its high concentrations of COD (chemical oxygen demand), ammonia nitrogen, and total phosphorus (TP). Addressing this challenge, this research introduced a novel method combining chitosan-modified biochar film (CBC) adsorption with subsequent ultrafiltration. SEM (scanning electron microscope), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectral), XRD (X-ray diffractometer), and BET (specific surface area) analyses validated CBC’s enhanced surface characteristics, confirming successful chitosan (CS) film impregnation. CBC exhibited superior adsorption capacities, especially 40%wt-CBC, optimizing COD removal at 79.8%, ammonia nitrogen at 93.3%, and TP at 91.2%. Kinetic studies associated the adsorption process with a pseudo-second-order model, highlighting chemical adsorption. Additionally, the Langmuir isotherm model suggested monolayer adsorption with no inter-adsorbate interactions. The treated effluent, post adsorption, was directed through an ultrafiltration membrane, ensuring water quality suitable for reuse. This integrative treatment not only offers an effective solution for potato starch wastewater management but also underscores the potential for sustainable water resource recovery in the food processing sector.
The Growth and Spectroscopic Properties of Er, Nd: YSGG Single Crystal Fibers
Authors: Wu Baiyi , Wang Tao , Wang Meng , Zhang Jian , Jia Ning , Jia Zhitai , Wang Zefeng
Published: November 2023

Single crystal fiber (SCF) is a novel solid gain medium and technique which combines the advantages of glass fiber and single crystal, showing great potential in the field of high-power lasers. In this paper, Er, Nd: YSGG single crystals with diameters of 2 mm and lengths of 80 mm were successfully grown using the micro-pulling-down method for the first time. Then, the measurements of Laue spots and Er3+ distribution indicated that the as-grown crystals were of a high quality. The effect of co-doped Nd3+ on the Er: YSGG was systematically discussed, which demonstrated that Nd3+ can decrease the fluorescence lifetime of Er: 4I13/2 that solve the self-termination bottleneck accordingly. These results demonstrate that Er, Nd: YSGG SCFs are promising materials for the further 3 μm laser generations.
Occurrence of Aspergillus chevalieri and A. niger on Herbal Tea and Their Potential to Produce Ochratoxin A (OTA)
Authors: Noorabadi Maryam T. , Gomes de Farias Antonio Roberto , Mapook Ausana , Hyde Kevin D. , Boonmee Saranyaphat
Published: November 2023

Herbal teas, including Camellia sinensis (black and green teas), are popular beverages with health benefits for consumers worldwide. These products are prepared from natural materials of different plant parts containing antioxidant properties and vitamins. The aim of this study was to investigate fungal contaminants and their ability to produce ochratoxin A (OTA) in herbal tea samples. Seven herbal teas were obtained from local markets in Chiang Rai, northern Thailand. Samples were incubated on potato dextrose agar (PDA), and the growing mycelia were isolated into a pure culture. The cultures were identified via both morphology and molecular analysis to confirm species identification. The identified species were subjected to OTA analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector. Ochratoxin A was produced by Aspergillus chevalieri and A. niger, isolated from seven herbal tea samples (black tea, green tea, bael fruit, goji berry, jasmine, lavender, and rose). This finding raises concerns about the safety of herbal tea and should be investigated further for potential health implications.
Role of Clinical Risk Factors and B-Type Natriuretic Peptide in Assessing the Risk of Asymptomatic Cardiotoxicity in Breast Cancer Patients in Kazakhstan
Authors: Tlegenova Zhenisgul , Balmagambetova Saule , Zholdin Bekbolat , Kurmanalina Gulnara , Talipova Iliada , Koyshybaev Arip , Sultanbekova Gulmira , Baspayeva Mira , Madinova Saule , Kubenova Kulparshan , Amanova Aiganym , Tamadon Amin
Published: November 2023

The asymptomatic progression of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity poses a significant risk to breast cancer patients. In the present single-center cohort study, a predictive model for evaluating the risk of cardiotoxicity during or by the end of chemotherapy was designed. The risk-prediction nomogram was delineated and assessed. In total, 34 patients out of 120 developed asymptomatic cardiotoxicity (28.3%). Of six explored biomarkers, only B-type natriuretic peptide showed a reliable pattern of incremental increase, revealing statistical significance between cardiotoxicity “+” and “−” groups by visit 4 or by the 9th month of monitoring (p 0.006). The following predictors were included in the model: age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, baseline glomerular filtration rate, 6 min walk test measured at visit 4, BNP values at visit 4, left ventricular ejection fraction levels at visit 4, a total dose of radiotherapy received, and anthracycline cumulative doses. The model’s AUC was 0.72 (95% CI 0.59; 0.86), evidencing the satisfactory predictive ability of the model; sensitivity 100% (95% CI 90.36; 100.0) at a specificity of 66.67% (95% CI 50.33; 79.79); PPV 54.1% [95% CI 47.13; 60.91]; PVN 100% [95% CI 94.64; 100.00]. The calibration plot showed satisfactory agreement between predicted and actual chances (p = 0.98). The designed model can be applied in settings lacking speckle tracking echocardiography.
Evaluation of BIRC6 Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Epithelial Dysplasia, Lichen Planus with and without Dysplasia, and Hyperkeratosis
Authors: Eskandari Fateme , Razavian Alireza , Zare Razieh , Ejlali Shayan , Razmahang Alireza , Zanjani Milad , Aghili Seyedeh Sara , Mahdiyar Mohammad Amin , Mofidi Hossein , Abbasi Kamyar , Badkoobeh Ashkan , Shamloo Nafiseh , Hakim Lotfollah Kamali , Hussain Ahmed , Tebyaniyan Hamid
Published: November 2023

Background: BIRC6, regarded as the pivotal member of the inhibitor of the apoptosis (IAP) family, has been linked to the development of different types of cancer in humans. The objective of this study was to examine the expression of BIRC6 in various oral conditions, including OLP with dysplasia (OLPD), hyperkeratosis (HK), OLP, epithelial dysplasia (ED), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), to investigate its potential involvement in the development of OSCC and the pathogenesis and malignant transformation of OLP, which is known as a precancerous condition. Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 99 cases, consisting of 19 cases of OSCC, 21 cases of ED, 23 cases of OLP, 20 cases of OLPD, and 16 cases of HK as the control group, were investigated regarding BIRC6 expression by immunohistochemical staining. After that, the immunohistochemical expression of BIRC6 in the epithelial compartment was analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between the expression of BIRC6 and clinicopathological variables. The statistical analysis of the data involved the use of one-way ANOVA, post hoc Tukey, Kruskal–Wallis, Chi-square, Spearman’s correlation, and Mann–Whitney tests. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: Positive BIRC6 staining was found in 91.7% of the subjects of OLP, 88.1% of HK, 86.1% of ED, 93% of OLPD, and 94.7% of OSCC. OSCC showed the highest BIRC6 expression (p = 0.00). The average total staining score was remarkably greater in OSCC and dysplastic lesions compared with HK (p = 0.00, p = 0.00). Conclusions: While the current study suggested that BIRC6 may play a role in the tumorigenesis of OSCC, its role in the malignant transformation of OLP has yet to be definitively established.
Robot-Aided Motion Analysis in Neurorehabilitation: Benefits and Challenges
Authors: Bonanno Mirjam , Calabrò Rocco Salvatore
Published: November 2023

In the neurorehabilitation field, robot-aided motion analysis (R-AMA) could be helpful for two main reasons: (1) it allows the registration and monitoring of patients’ motion parameters in a more accurate way than clinical scales (clinical purpose), and (2) the multitude of data produced using R-AMA can be used to build machine learning algorithms, detecting prognostic and predictive factors for better motor outcomes (research purpose). Despite their potential in clinical settings, robotic assessment tools have not gained widespread clinical acceptance. Some barriers remain to their clinical adoption, such as their reliability and validity compared to the existing standardized scales. In this narrative review, we sought to investigate the usefulness of R-AMA systems in patients affected by neurological disorders. We found that the most used R-AMA tools are the Lokomat (an exoskeleton device used for gait and balance rehabilitation) and the Armeo (both Power and Spring, used for the rehabilitation of upper limb impairment). The motion analysis provided by these robotic devices was used to tailor rehabilitation sessions based on the objective quantification of patients’ functional abilities. Spinal cord injury and stroke patients were the most investigated individuals with these common exoskeletons. Research on the use of robotics as an assessment tool should be fostered, taking into account the biomechanical parameters able to predict the accuracy of movements.
Review on Pediatric Malignant Focal Liver Lesions with Imaging Evaluation: Part I
Authors: Dong Yi , Cekuolis Andrius , Schreiber-Dietrich Dagmar , Augustiniene Rasa , Schwarz Simone , Möller Kathleen , Nourkami-Tutdibi Nasenien , Chen Sheng , Cao Jia-Ying , Huang Yun-Lin , Wang Ying , Taut Heike , Grevelding Lara , Dietrich Christoph
Published: November 2023

Malignant focal liver lesions (FLLs) are commonly reported in adults but rarely seen in the pediatric population. Due to the rarity, the understanding of these diseases is still very limited. In children, most malignant FLLs are congenital. It is very important to choose appropriate imaging examination concerning various factors. This paper will outline common pediatric malignant FLLs, including hepatoblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and cholangiocarcinoma and discuss them against the background of the latest knowledge on comparable/similar tumors in adults. Medical imaging features are of vital importance for the non-invasive diagnosis and follow-up of treatment of FLLs in pediatric patients. The use of CEUS in pediatric patients for characterizing those FLLs that remain indeterminate on conventional B mode ultrasounds may be an effective option in the future and has great potential to be integrated into imaging algorithms without the risk of exposure to ionizing radiation.
Postulating the Unicity of the Macroscopic Physical World
Authors: Van Den Bossche Mathias , Grangier Philippe
Published: November 2023

We argue that a clear view of quantum mechanics is obtained by considering that the unicity of the macroscopic world is a fundamental postulate of physics, rather than an issue that must be mathematically justified or demonstrated. This postulate allows for a framework in which quantum mechanics can be constructed in a complete mathematically consistent way. This is made possible by using general operator algebras to extend the mathematical description of the physical world toward macroscopic systems. Such an approach goes beyond the usual type-I operator algebras used in standard textbook quantum mechanics. This avoids a major pitfall, which is the temptation to make the usual type-I formalism ’universal’. This may also provide a meta-framework for both classical and quantum physics, shedding new light on ancient conceptual antagonisms and clarifying the status of quantum objects. Beyond exploring remote corners of quantum physics, we expect these ideas to be helpful to better understand and develop quantum technologies.
Random Lasers as Social Processes Simulators
Authors: Alodjants Alexander , Zacharenko Peter , Tsarev Dmitry , Avdyushina Anna , Nikitina Mariya , Khrennikov Andrey , Boukhanovsky Alexander
Published: November 2023

In this work, we suggest a quantum-like simulator concept to study social processes related to the solution of NP-hard problems. The simulator is based on the solaser model recently proposed by us in the framework of information cascade growth and echo chamber formation in social network communities. The simulator is connected with the random laser approach that we examine in the A and D-class (superradiant) laser limits. Novel network-enforced cooperativity parameters of decision-making agents, which may be measured as a result of the solaser simulation, are introduced and justified for social systems. The innovation diffusion in complex networks is discussed as one of the possible impacts of our proposal.
Ecological Attributes of the Shrubby Community of Sotol (Dasylirion leiophyllum) in the Chihuahuan Desert, Mexico
Authors: Juárez-Morales Martín , Martínez-Salvador Martín , Chávez-Mendoza Celia , Villarreal-Guerrero Federico , Pinedo-Álvarez Alfredo , Santellano-Estrada Eduardo , Corrales-Lerma Raúl , Hernández-Quiroz Nathalie S. , Vega-Mares José Humberto
Published: November 2023

Sotol (Dasylirion leiophyllum) is a shrubby species that grows in the Chihuahuan Desert. Sotol plants are commonly used to produce an alcoholic beverage, also known as “sotol”. A study was carried out to assess the composition and structure of shrubby communities where sotol inhabits in northern Mexico. The importance value index (IVI), diversity indexes, and structural attributes of the sotol community were estimated. Furthermore, a principal component and a cluster analysis were conducted in order to identify possible associations of species along the sotol distribution area. A total of 10,273 plants belonging to 17 families and 46 species were recorded, where the Agave lechuguilla and Tiquilia greggi were the most abundant species. Higher abundances of sotol and higher diversity indexes were observed in hillside areas and eastern aspects. The multivariate analyses revealed five shrubby groups in the distribution area of sotol, which grows in valleys, hillsides, and also on the top of mountains. The main communities found where sotol grows are rosetophyllous, microphyllous, and mesquite communities, and also, in higher altitudes, sotol is associated with oak species. This information is not only useful for a better species knowledge, but also for the protection of shrubby communities where Dasylirion leiophyllum inhabits.
Uncovering the Latent Preferences of Slovenia’s Private Forest Owners in the Context of Enhancing Forest Ecosystem Services through a Hypothetical Scheme
Authors: Plevnik Kaja , Japelj Anže
Published: November 2023

Background and objectives: Successful policy implementation relies on understanding stakeholders’ willingness to contribute to policy goals. The EU Green Deal, with strategies on forests, biodiversity, and the bioeconomy, also depends on the performance of the forestry sector, including a significant portion of privately owned forests. Materials and methods: We conducted a nationwide survey among a sample of 341 private forest owners in Slovenia (total population of 424,086). The online questionnaire had three sections: (1) knowledge and priorities regarding ecosystem services and the bioeconomy, (2) a discrete choice experiment for eliciting preferences concerning the implementation of activities supporting strategic goals originating from EU Green Deal policies, and (3) socio-economic data and future forest management objectives. Results: The results indicated heterogeneity in preferences for performing activities on private forest lands to enhance specific forest ES that contribute to policy goals. More than half of the respondents (57.6%) exhibited a reluctance to implement activities and were skeptical of higher compensation payments, whereas the rest expressed an inclination towards changing their forest management. Conclusions: Slovenia’s private forest owners appear to be heterogeneous in their willingness to participate in a hypothetical ES enhancement scheme that could contribute to some EU Green Deal goals. Policymakers must recognize intrinsic motives and social norms that affect the willingness of forest owners to be engaged to increase the acceptance of solutions.