bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TÜRKİYE’DE 1970-1980 YILLARI ARASI KOALİSYONLAR DÖNEMİNDE ÇOCUK VE TÜRK SİNEMASI
Authors: AKDAĞ Menderes
Published: October 2022

1970-1980 arasında Türkiye’de köyden kente göç artar. Göçle birlikte kent çeperlerinde gecekonduların sayısı daha da fazlalaşır. Kentler biraz daha kaotik hâl alır. Dünya Petrol Krizi, Türkiye’ye uygulanan ambargo vb. nedenlerle Türk ekonomisi bir krizin içine girer. Kronik yüksek enflasyon Türkiye’de başlar. Gıda fiyatları çok yükselir ve pek çok kişi gıdaya ulaşamaz. Ülkede sıklıkla hükûmet değişir. 1970-1980 arasında pek çok koalisyon hükûmeti kurulur. Koalisyon hükûmetlerinin ise sağlıklı bir biçimde çalışmadığı görülür. Ülke kısa sürede siyasi şiddetin kucağına itilir. Ülkede sağlık, eğitim gibi pek çok alanda ciddi sorunlar baş gösterir. Bütün bunlardan çocukların çok ciddi biçimde etkilendiği gözlenir. Çocuklar, eğitim haklarından mahrum kalırlar; temel gıdaya ulaşamazlar; sıklıkla istismara uğrarlar. 1970-1980 arasında devlet kurumlarının ve ailelerin çocukları korumak için çaba harcadığı bir gerçektir. Ancak alınan önlemlerin yetersiz kaldığı dile getirilebilir. Bu nedenle 1970-1980 arasında bebek ve çocuk ölüm oranları oldukça yüksektir. Çalışmamız çocukların yaşadıkları sorunlara odaklanmıştır. Çalışmamızda yöntem olarak 1970-1980 döneminin kimi gazeteleri taranarak çocuk sorunlarının basına yansıması incelenmiştir. Basından yeterli örneklem toplanmıştır. Buradan derlenen bilgiler, filmlerden elde edilen izlenimlerle desteklenmiştir. Çalışmamızın kimi yerinde sözlü tarih çalışması sonucu ortaya çıkan bilgiler de değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmamızın sonucunda 1970-1980 yılları arasında çok ciddi çocuk sorunları yaşandığı; bunların Türk basınına ve sinemasına ciddi yansımalarının olduğu görülmüştür.
Introduction
Authors: Anderson Virginia
Published: October 2022

This introduction explores musical thought in 1972, when Barney Childs began his interviews with American composers. Concerns included new composition and its place in history; music education; alternative notation and new notation symbols; innovation in electronic and computer music; the role of performers in extended techniques. Composers worried about the return to tonality in minimalism and the “New Diatonicism” and the marginalization of American music in Western music institutions; both concerns were eased by the end of the 1970s when postminimalism became established. Childs missed women composers (a planned interview with Pauline Oliveros is lost), popular music, intermedia and Black creative music. These omissions are explored in the context of the time. Finally, essayists will contextualize each interview for present-day readers.
William Albright (1944–1998)
Authors: Fink Robert
Published: October 2022

Fink notes the “joys and sorrows” of postmodernist polystylism employed by Albright and proffers the notion that Albright’s use of Joplin’s ragtime, and his own rags, suggests an alternative musical history in which “Joplin did triumph,” centralizing Black music in history. In the interview, Childs and Albright discuss the latter’s experience at Tanglewood with Phil Winsor, Russell Peck, William Bolcom, and Daniel Lentz and their regional backgrounds. They discuss ragtime, “commercial music,” New Diatonicism, eclecticism, and the legacy of Ives’s and Cage’s ideas. Albright remarked on the pipe organ as a unique instrument and organ performance, as compared with performance for piano. They discussed pop music, text setting, university teaching, and Albright’s attitude toward experimental and avant-garde music as compositional process, what Childs called “freedom FROM traditions.”
Larry Austin (1930–2018)
Authors: Clark Thomas S.
Published: October 2022

Clark explores the balance of iconoclasm via Cage, of compositional method and performance, and of the New Diatonicism as a “love of sound’ in Austin’s aesthetic. Childs and Austin discuss improvisation in Austin’s work and communication with audiences. They discuss theater and visual elements in his past works, improvisation and the uptake in European groups. Austin is interested in problems in composition, expresses his love for good “electrical” sound, and the role of solid-state synthesizers as new instrumental resources. They discuss the problems of mixing media, conservatism in university education, and the philosophical division in compositional styles in the 1960s. They discuss the problem of returning to old styles while avoiding kitsch, and define Austin’s “open style,” his piece for David Tudor, and critical approval.
Harold Budd (1936–2020)
Authors: Anderson Virginia
Published: October 2022

Anderson places the interview at the end of a hiatus in Budd’s work between his extreme minimalism of Candy-Apple Revision (1970) and “pretty music,” beginning with Madrigals of the Rose Angel (1972). Budd and Childs discuss the distinctiveness of West Coast music, teaching composition as permission to disregard the status quo, comparing Cage, Harrison, and Partch with “establishmentism.” Budd stresses the need to “do what is necessary.” Budd notes that Madrigals of the Rose Angel puts greater emphasis on the performer and questioned the need to notate it. Childs says this is a return to Romantic personalization. They explore the problems of critical reviews, comparing those in art and film with music, the “craft” of writing for performers and whether music communicates.
Charles Dodge (b. 1942)
Authors: White Frances , Pritchett James
Published: October 2022

White and Pritchett place Dodge’s work within early digital-to-analog (DAC) computer music, and describe how he brought a uniquely human sensibility to computer composition. Dodge’s background includes the Columbia studio with Ussachevsky, then the Princeton studio with Godfrey Winham, and with the IBM 360 at Columbia. He describes his first work with a DAC processor (Extensions for Trumpet and Tape), and his current work, a videotape opera using the processor and speech synthesis. He notes the emotional and referential aspects of speech as a source, that computer processing expands possibilities for sound manipulation with increased emotional affect. They discuss the ideal listener and degrees of listening, returning to past works, the human element in technology, and the American Composers Alliance and Composers Recordings.
William Hellermann (1939–2017)
Authors: Arms Jay M.
Published: October 2022

Arms places Hellermann’s interview at a crucial stage just before the development of the new series of Visible Musics, which integrate the content and the construction of the music and notation. Childs and Hellermann begin with his education in trumpet and guitar, his attitude toward jazz, and composition studies with Hannah Hall and Stefan Wolpe. He describes his graphic pieces, particularly his Circle Music series, and their realization of a graphic syntax, performance, visual elements, that the idea precedes the notation. He emphasizes timbre and polyphony in certain works. They discuss the nature of the concert situation, and Hellermann’s imminent residency with the Rome Prize. Hellermann wants to avoid the historical imperative of looking for the “next step,” as it does not fit American music.
Sydney Hodkinson (b. 1934)
Authors: Headlam Dave
Published: October 2022

Headlam explores Hodkinson’s distinctive approach to education and composition, its rigor, and humor. Childs and Hodkinson discuss his Contemporary Music Projects grant working in schools and the community, and his Primer for band. Hodkinson explains presenting modern music in the community and new techniques for school music. They talk about building social bridges in the community, communication in music, his work as a conductor at the University of Michigan, programming a wide repertoire, the return to tonality, and the difficulty he finds as a composer in teaching composition. He notes that composition is personal; that he finds it hard to speak analytically about his work. He discusses his way of working, that he rarely uses piano, about his experiments in electronic music, and improvisation.
Salvatore Martirano (1927–1995)
Authors: Holm-Hudson Kevin
Published: October 2022

Holm-Hudson places the interview while Martirano was developing his Sal-Mar synthesizer, and notes musical ideas raised in its construction. Childs and Martirano discuss his improvisation group; how problems with live performance led to the genesis of the Sal-Mar; technical problems in its development; how it has changed Martirano’s approach to music as sound; his past works (Underworld, Ballad, L’s G.A., Cocktail Music); the University of Illinois and virtuoso performers; listening, hearing and the repeatability of performances; the process of composition; and the product. Martirano wants to move speakers around instead of static antiphony. They discuss human control against predetermined machine control; clichés; the distribution of sounds and solo and accompaniments in the new work; live performances and recordings.
Robert Morris (b. 1943)
Authors: Haskins Rob
Published: October 2022

Haskins discusses Morris’s then-recent work, Rapport (1971), its influence from Cage and Babbitt, and contextualizes his thinking through this work into subsequent work. Childs and Morris discuss transformation and structuring effects in Rapport and other works, reevaluation of past music and listening, hearing various kinds of music differently, and the use of quotation. They discuss tape-delay systems, musical time in Western and non-Western music, electronic modification of instrumental sound, and music and film. Morris notes the sense that they are at the end of “new music” since 1945, reports a description of his work as “hard music,” In C, the effect of music and drugs and his eclecticism as “putter-together.”
Loren Rush (b. 1935)
Authors: Dempster Stuart
Published: October 2022

Dempster places Rush’s main work within the musical activity of the greater San Francisco area in the 1950s and 1960s. Rush and Childs discuss the distinctiveness of West Coast music and the influence of jazz on Winsor, Martirano, Mel Powell, and others; his two-year residency in Rome, live electronics and amplification in Hard Music (1970) and Dans le Sable (1968); Robert Erickson’s idea that one piece can stand for an entire period, Pauline Oliveros and live electronics; Rush and the Stanford Computer Music Project; problems of synthesizing instrumental timbres on computer and mixing sounds, the concert situation, spatial music, writing for Dempster and other specialists, commissions and inspiration, good and bad pieces, indeterminacy and improvisation, familiarity of new sounds, twelve-tone music and the end of history, education, Tanglewood.
Olly Wilson (1937–2018)
Authors: Maxile Horace J.
Published: October 2022

Maxile places this interview at the point when Wilson had just moved to the University of California, Berkeley and his increased incorporation of elements of Black culture into his work after a fellowship in Africa. Childs and Wilson discuss the use of Black music in his work, avoiding mere quotation, the impact of his fellowship in Africa, which coalesced his concert music and Black music experience. He discusses his current commissions, including The Eighteen Hands of Jerome Harris; approaches to electronic music, including increased freedom, and music in environmental settings. He talks of writing for classical and gospel choirs together and community music and outreach. They explore concerts and audiences on the West Coast. Wilson distinguishes revolutionary and personal expression. They discuss musical syntax and meaning, contemporary music history and influences and music analysis as opposed to “feeling.”
The Fantasy and Science Fiction Films
Authors: Friedman Lester D.
Published: October 2022

Spielberg’s fantasy films usually focus on the need to discard childish illusions and accept adult responsibilities. His fantasy figures attempt various strategies to put things back together or to find new ways to enrich a present that cannot possibly duplicate the past. Each character confronts an amalgam of past and present losses and gains within their individual and family lives in order to create a successful future. Spielberg’s science fiction films offer a surprising range of perspectives from the ideologically orthodox, to the liberally humanistic, to the radically unconventional, to the morally dystopic. Many of these movies resonated deeply within the communal American psyche, and in this chapter I detail their box office receipts along with revealing events during their creation and marking their biographical connection to Spielberg.
The Social Problem/Ethnic Minority Films
Authors: Friedman Lester D.
Published: October 2022

Spielberg’s social problem/ethnic minority films explore the dynamics of oppressed groups within mainstream society but consistently illustrate that most people share fundamentally common needs. At their heart lie issues of prejudice, racism, persecution, and ultimately genocide. Yet, many of his most vociferous critics cite precisely these movies as evidence that, while Spielberg may be a technical wizard, he will always remain a superficial thinker. They maintain that his narrative simplicity and flashy techniques convert true tragedies into soap-opera polemics. What ties these films together, however, is Spielberg’s determination to get beneath the skin of polite society and examine the murky underside of cultural attitudes toward the marginalized other, the people denied the status of humanity by those in power.
Imagining the Holocaust
Authors: Friedman Lester D.
Published: October 2022

Of the many Holocaust films, Schindler’s List remains the most influential. It also firmly established a viable role between past events as depicted fictionally or nonfictionally. Given its popularity and prominence, Schindler’s List has emerged as the master Holocaust narrative for a majority of American society. The film tells of those who endured persecution and outlasted oppression. Although no single Holocaust story can ever be totally typical, Spielberg’s suggests that even after the suffering, sufficient reason exists to bring hope into the world. The film, one important document among many, balances formidable narrative and technical skills in the service of a profound theme and, in so doing, brings a powerful story to life.
The African Methodist Migration and the All-Black Town Movement
Authors: Dickerson-Cousin Christina
Published: October 2022

This chapter argues that AME outreach in Indian Territory was a part of a larger migration movement, the African Methodist Migration (AMM). This movement helped to energize Black migration to the West in two ways. Firstly, it compelled hundreds of AME clergymen to move west to establish and serve AME churches. Secondly, it gave African Methodists the assurance that they could recreate their religious communities in the West, giving those who might have been reluctant to migrate to new and distant places a powerful incentive to do so. Those AME ministers who participated in the AMM played crucial roles in their new communities. These new communities included all-Black towns that Black Indians and African Americans established in Indian Territory.
“Ham Began … to Evangelize Japheth”
Authors: Dickerson-Cousin Christina
Published: October 2022

This chapter explores how the AME Church established the Indian Mission Annual Conference (IMC) in Indian Territory in 1879. The IMC is where AME ministries to Native people reached their apex. The AME Church began evangelizing in Indian Territory when Annie Keel, who was a Chickasaw freedman, invited the denomination to her community. African Methodists eventually engaged with all the Five Civilized Tribes and the former slaves of these tribes. Annie Keel and her community eagerly embraced the AME Church, recognizing that belonging to this denomination would give them access to a national network of churches, educational institutions, and prominent people. Likewise, the AME Church welcomed Black Indians just as it had always embraced marginalized people of color from a variety of ethnicities.
“All the Rights … of Citizens”
Authors: Dickerson-Cousin Christina
Published: October 2022

From 1893 to 1914, the Dawes Commission heard testimony and examined documentary evidence to determine who qualified as a member of the Five Civilized Tribes and was, therefore, entitled to tribal citizenship and land allotments. This chapter argues that the AME Church played crucial roles for Black Indians during the Dawes Commission era. The denomination's assistance helped to ensure that Black Indians attained tribal citizenship and its corresponding benefits. This was the logical extension of the denomination's long-standing work in Indian Territory. African Methodists understood that their denomination was about more than Sunday church services and social events. It was about supporting marginalized people of color in their quest to make better lives.
Historian’s Office Affiliate
Authors: Neilson Reid L. , Marianno Scott D.
Published: October 2022

This chapter describes the beginnings of the Historian’s Office and chronicles Jenson’s formal affiliation with the office. His initial arrangement was temporary and came as Utah Territory garnered increased scrutiny from the federal government over the Latter-day Saint practice of plural marriage. Jenson married a plural wife for the first time in 1886 and used his growing status as a church historian to defend the practice. During this era of antipolygamy legislation and fraught politics, when the church appeared to need a vocal and authoritative defense, Jenson grew his talents and reputation as a historian. He cemented his reputation by taking a publicized tour of the church’s historic sites in 1888.
Modern Record Keeper
Authors: Neilson Reid L. , Marianno Scott D.
Published: October 2022

Jenson’s frequent travels to gather, transcribe, and collate historical documents generated a massive collection of notes and boxed documents, which he shipped to Salt Lake City to add to the archives of the Historian’s Office. Jenson petitioned church leaders for more resources and staff to transform the raw materials he gathered into readable history. Church Historian Anthon H. Lund, however, occasionally pushed back on Jenson’s ambitions, moderating Jenson’s control over Historian’s Office initiatives. The completion of a new Historian’s Office, located within the freshly constructed Church Office Building near the Temple Block in 1917, symbolically positioned church history as no longer simply a by-product of church growth and change, but as a crucial component of church administration.
Introduction
Authors: Velázquez Mirelsie
Published: October 2022

This chapter contextualizes the importance of the educational experiences of Puerto Ricans in Chicago as a way to historicize the overall story of Puerto Ricans in the city. The introduction engages with previous studies on both the history of American education and existing literature on Puerto Ricans in Chicago. A discussion of the colonial relationship between the United States and the island, and how it informed schooling, both formally and informally, sets the stage for a thorough discussion of Puerto Ricans in the diaspora.
Taking It to the Streets
Authors: Velázquez Mirelsie
Published: October 2022

In this chapter, the struggle for Tuley High School demonstrates how important it was for the community to take the lead in conversations about their children’s future. The activism that emerged from the 1966 uprising and ensuing activism in Chicago centered around the struggle for school reform and control within the Puerto Rican community, in particular the fight for Tuley High School and Clemente High School in the Humboldt Park community. These conversations both addressed the schools’ physical structures and involved intense battles over who would lead Puerto Rican children within the schools. The case of Tuley High School, subsequently renamed Roberto Clemente High School, is central to that story. To obtain justice for their children, communities of color spent the 1960s and 1970s battling with school administrators to combat oppressive school reform policies, sometimes with success.
The Liberation of the Leisure Class
Authors: Resnikoff Jason
Published: October 2022

The chapter discusses the emergence of the automation discourse in the broader national consciousness. It considers the basic rhetorical elements of “automation” and shows how lawmakers and public intellectuals subscribed to that rhetoric. In embracing the notion that denigration of work constituted liberation, many Americans came to define freedom as a state beyond nature, an escape from the demands of the human organism itself. They often called this species of self-possession “leisure.” A diverse but small minority of thinkers, including Hannah Arendt, disagreed. Although in general they also believed that the United States had the technically ability to abolish the need for physical human labor, they did not think freedom and work were mutually exclusive. For the most part, their contemporaries ignored their criticisms.
Anticipating Oblivion
Authors: Resnikoff Jason
Published: October 2022

The chapter traces the effect of the automation discourse on official government policy and collective bargaining. The mechanization of the freight, meatpacking, coal mining, and shipping industries was not made subject to democratic accountability, in part because the automation discourse framed unilateral managerial changes to the labor process as in keeping with democratic governance. According to the automation discourse, these changes would free Americans from physically strenuous labor and facilitate their retraining for professional, salaried, white-collar skilled work. This did not happen. The chapter shows why retraining programs, initiated by the federal government (the 1962 Manpower Development and Training Program) and through collective bargaining, failed to protect most workers.
Queer Country and Sincerity
Authors: Goldin-Perschbacher Shana
Published: October 2022

Chapter 1 explores the centrality of sincerity to queer country music and the problem of sincerity’s ties to essentialism (the notion that aspects of self are inherent). Authenticity is especially important to members of marginalized identity groups, creating a further complication with the postmodern critique of essentialism. This chapter identifies several key moments in queer country history and analyzes them in the context of sincerity: Lavender Country, the first out gay album (which prioritized sharing truthful information about gay life); Canadian star k.d. lang, the first major country musician to seem very queer (and whose sincerity was called into question due to her camp humor); and an early twenty-first-century take on sincerity by transgender Canadian musician Rae Spoon.
Rurality and Journey as Queer and Trans Musical Narratives
Authors: Goldin-Perschbacher Shana
Published: October 2022

Chapter 3 explores how queer country musicians engage the themes of journey across North America and journey to discover self that are part of the mythology and history of country music, as well as themes that describe gender and sexuality as a journey. It also examines the importance of rurality and its presentations of community and self as grounded, connected, and organic. In navigating these themes, queer country musicians also bring up contemporary trans and queer political issues, including “the trans narrative” (the idea that all transgender people’s experiences follow a certain journey) and marginalized people’s assimilation versus revolution. The chapter explores the country music of Amy Ray (of the Indigo Girls), Rae Spoon’s “Keep the Engine Running” and “A Message from the Queer Trans Prairie Tourism Co.,” Actor Slash Model’s “TN Tranny Two-Step,” Joe Stevens’s musical career, and the soundtrack of the film Transamerica, including Dolly Parton’s Oscar-nominated song, “Travelin’ Thru.” Transamerica crafts a transgender character’s identity through a country music soundtrack that humanizes her character after a century of cruel trans stereotypes in film yet uses her whiteness against other characters’ racialized otherness.
From Riots to Style
Authors: Halliday Aria S.
Published: October 2022

Chapter 2, “From Riots to Style: The History of Black Barbie,” explores Black women’s role in Black Barbie dolls’ creation from 1980 to 2015. This chapter argues that Mattel’s Black women employees fortified its foray into multicultural niche markets while they learned how to commodify blackness from Watts-based and Black-owned Shindana Toy Company (1968–1978). Exemplar of “embodied objectification,” this chapter explains the aesthetic choices that Black women designers like Kitty Black Perkins and Stacey McBride-Irby made to imbue dolls with Black women’s embodied knowledge, marking them as “Black” or “African American,” and how Black psychologist Darlene Powell Garlington (née Hopson) and marketing executive Deborah Mitchell helped Mattel learn cultural ideals and build relationships with Black companies, organizations, and celebrities to ingratiate Black consumers to their products.
A Black Barbie’s Moment
Authors: Halliday Aria S.
Published: October 2022

Chapter 4, “A Black Barbie’s Moment: Nicki Minaj and the Struggle for Cultural Dominance,” explores the only mainstream Black woman rapper in hip-hop from 2009 to 2018, Nicki Minaj, and how she dictated shifts in Black women’s representations that privilege sexual freedom and social dominance for Black girls and women. Using embodied objectification and the symbolic value of Barbie and Cinderella, Minaj’s early music and performances provide a diversity of representation, experience, and desire through which Black women and girls can see themselves and their experiences reflected. Minaj’s later performances, however, engage unwholesome images, challenging audiences to consider sexuality, power, and domination in relation to Black femininity and how memes shift the creation, control, and viral value of Black women’s embodied objectification on social media.
Challenges to Democracy
Authors: Simpson Dick
Published: October 2022

We face major challenges to our democracy in the 21st century. These predate the election of Donald Trump and his administration. The book uses Chicago as a case study to show how these challenges play out at the local level. The challenges are interrelated and require sustained public support of radical changes in our country, communities, and lives. There is an emerging consensus among scholars about what needs to be done. We must preserve what is good and correct the flaws that exist. Reinventing our democracy and overcoming our challenges require us to act.
The Rise and Fall of Democracy
Authors: Simpson Dick
Published: October 2022

We fear a possible future of injustice and tyranny. A fall of our democracy. We have failed to achieve representative democracy because of problems in our economy, society, and politics. Historically, cities like Chicago have been dominated by political machines. More broadly, U.S. elections haven’t been free, fair, or vigorously contested because of election fraud and political manipulation. Our challenge is whether we can reform our institutions to re-create democracy for the 21st century. We should learn lessons from the past in order to reestablish republican principles.
Income and Racial Inequality
Authors: Simpson Dick
Published: October 2022

White men have ruled America since its founding. In recent years, leadership has diversified, with more women and minorities being elected. However, there is still a high level of income and racial inequality that hampers our democracy. Institutional racism is one source of the problem, but income inequality and the loss of the middle class undermine democracy as well. The income and wealth gap continues to grow. Wealthy individuals and corporations are able through campaign contributions and lobbying to buy political power. There must be an equality of opportunity and a limitation on the gap between rich and poor.
Money in Politics
Authors: Simpson Dick
Published: October 2022

The 2019 Chicago elections and the 2020 national elections have been the most expensive in our nation’s history, with 2020 election campaigns spending more than $14 billion. Efforts at regulating money in politics have not always been successful. Some attempts have included transparency, anticorruption laws, campaign contribution limits, and lobbying restrictions. Unfortunately, wealthy corporations and individuals prefer different public policies from the general public. They succeeded in skewing laws and regulations in their favor. Money is also used to shape public opinion through think tanks and controlling the media. Public campaign funding is required to limit money’s ill effects.
Nonparticipation
Authors: Simpson Dick
Published: October 2022

Democracy requires participation by informed voters. Government of, by, and for the people perishes without participation. Government must be controlled by the people. How are we to achieve that in the 21st century? We can’t have only participatory democracy in our large country. Nor complete control by only political parties or local political machines. Cities like Chicago are ruled by elites of business leaders, political leaders, and leaders of major institutions. So, we must redesign our democracy at all levels. The mass media, the Internet, and social media must provide the information necessary for informed citizen participation. Yet, our voting rates are among the lowest of established democracies. Participation in the 2020 election increased, but we must redesign our democratic institutions to ensure broad participation.
Spirit of Democracy
Authors: Simpson Dick
Published: October 2022

The United States may be becoming an oligarchy, plutocracy, or an aristocracy of inherited wealth. To prevent this, we need to invigorate a spirit of democracy. Chicago seems to be moving in this direction. But as a nation we need to take steps such as a fairer tax system, regulation of transnational corporations, fairer immigration rules and a path to citizenship, enforcement of civil rights, public financing of campaigns, and repeal of Citizens United. We should follow with restrictions on campaign contributions, automatic voter registration, and a dozen similar steps – 25 in all. These reforms depend on civic virtue and engagement. It is possible that our democracy will die. It can be saved only by political action.
Introduction
Authors: West E. James
Published: October 2022

This chapter introduces readers to the book’s core arguments and aims by focusing on the overlapping histories of American print media, the built environment, and Black Chicago. It first explores the relationship between print and place in the history of the American press before focusing on the development of the Black press and the relationship between race, space, and media production. It then examines the historiography of Black Chicago, tracing a shift in scholarly focus from histories of containment and the “Black Belt” to the cultural and political vibrancy of the “Black Metropolis,” and placing Chicago’s Black press at the heart of this scholarly and conceptual shift. It also establishes the book’s structure and highlights key archival material.
A Building on a Front Street
Authors: West E. James
Published: October 2022

This chapter focuses on the creation and early development of Johnson Publishing Company during the 1940s. Founded by John H. Johnson in the Supreme Liberty Life Insurance Building in 1942, the company’s early living arrangements reflected the enduring connection between Black business and print culture in Chicago. However, as the popularity of magazines like the Negro Digest and Ebony grew, Johnson sought to distance himself from the “backstreets” of the South Side. His difficulties in doing so, most clearly seen through the contested purchase of a new building on the edge of Chicago’s South Loop at the end of the 1940s, demonstrated how segregation and racial discrimination continued to shape the city’s residential and commercial geography.
A House for the Struggle
Authors: West E. James
Published: October 2022

This chapter explores how the rise of the postwar Black freedom struggle had a direct impact on the usage and public representation of Chicago’s Black press buildings. In some cases, Black press offices became key sites for local activism, such as the Chicago Defender Building, which housed the Chicago Urban League during the late 1950s and early 1960s. However, the Defender’s building also became a site for hotly contested debates over editorial and labor politics. Similarly, criticisms of Johnson Publishing prompted a series of high-profile pickets outside its showpiece Chicago headquarters and regional offices. As Black activism shifted to the left, the growing influence of Black radical publications such as Muhammad Speaks and the Black Panther was mirrored by the creation of major new Black publishing landmarks.
A Poem in Marble and Glass
Authors: West E. James
Published: October 2022

This chapter focuses on the construction of and public reception to the Johnson Publishing Company’s new corporate headquarters at 820 South Michigan Avenue, which was completed during the early 1970s. Against the backdrop of a peak in Black radical activism and calls for Black pride and economic self-determination, the building’s imposing exterior façade and vibrant interior design were celebrated by many as concrete manifestations of Black Power principles. However, for others, the building was a lavish monstrosity that reinforced the growing disconnect between publisher John H. Johnson; the editorial politics of Ebony, the company’s most popular magazine; and the lived experience of poor and working-class Black urban communities.
Conclusion
Authors: West E. James
Published: October 2022

This chapter uses the designation of the Chicago Defender Building as a historic site by the Society of Professional Journalists in 1975 as a point to reflect on the long-standing role of Black press buildings as sites of protest and symbols of Black advancement. At the same time, it uses this moment to consider the past and future trajectory of the Black press and the ways in which Black media buildings—in Chicago and across the country—continue to play a major role in public debates about Black achievement, urban renewal, media politics, and racial inequality.
MENGEMBANGKAN KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF MELALUI MEDIA BAHAN KARDUS BENTUK GEOMETRI DI RA UMMI KULSUM CITAMIANG KOTA SUKABUMI
Authors: Sundari Kori , Permanik Nia
Published: October 2022

Cognitive is a thought process and relates to the level of intelligence which is largely determined by the manipulation and active interaction of children with the environment, namely the ability to connect, assess and consider an event or events. The purpose of this study was to find out how to develop cognitive abilities through geometrical cardboard materials at RA Ummi Kulsum Citamuang, Sukabumi City. This study uses a descriptive qualitative research with the research subject is class B children, totaling 17 students and 2 teachers. Data collection tools in this study are observation, interviews (interviews) and documentation. Data were analyzed using data reduction, data display and verification/drawing conclusions. The results of the study can be concluded that the cognitive development of grade B children at RA Ummi Kulsum Citamuang, Sukabumi City has a very large influence through the media of cardboard geometric shapes by paying attention to the design of activities and achievement indicators that are in accordance with the cognitive development of early childhood, namely choosing the theme to be achieved. , determine the tools and materials needed in the activity, determine the steps in the activity, divide the children into several groups and determine the tasks that the child will do. Of the 17 participants, 64.7% of children's cognitive development began to develop through geometrical cardboard materials.
PENERAPAN PERMAINAN BALOK DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN KECERDASAN VISUAL SPASIAL ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Yatri Ika , Amini Nur
Published: October 2022

Block games are tools in teaching and learning activities by using pieces that resemble wood which are the same thickness and with a length of twice or four times the same size, some are in the form of curves, cylinders and half of the pieces of blocks are also provided, but all of the same length. according to the size of the base beams. Visual-spatial intelligence is an ability related to combining the characteristics of objects or objects in the surrounding environment in the form of mental images that can be re-expressed in the form of detailed information, pictures, paintings, sculptures, and others. This intelligence involves sensitivity to color, line, shape, size, area, and the relationship between these elements. The purpose of this study was to determine how the application of block games can develop visual-spatial intelligence in early childhood at RA Al Kautsar Cibatu Cisaat. This research uses a qualitative descriptive research type. Data collection techniques that researchers use in this study are observation, interview, and documentation techniques. While the data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data display and drawing conclusions. Based on this analysis, the researchers presented the results of the study that the development of visual spatial intelligence of children aged 5-6 years at RA Al Kautsar Cibatu Cisaat generally has good value because of the 4 indicators put forward by researchers not all of them have developed as expected. Based on the results of the analysis and discussion that the researchers have described, not all children are enthusiastic in participating in the block game and there are also some children who have not made construction using the block game.
PENDIDIKAN EMOTIONAL QUOTIENT PADA ANAK USIA PRA-SEKOLAH
Authors: Sundari Kori
Published: October 2022

Emotional Quotient adalah kecerdasan seseorang dalam mengelola emosi diri sendiri maupun orang lain, sehingga ia mampu menyelaraskan tindakan yang proposional. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pendidikan emotional quotient pada anak usia pra-sekolah. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kasus melalui observasi dan pengumpulan data di Taman Kanak-kanak Al Hasanah berlokasi di Desa Ciambar Kecamatan Parungkuda, Kabupaten Sukabumi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bentuk-bentuk perilaku kecerdasan emosi yang dikembangkan di TK Al Hasanah Ciambar meliputi kemampuan intra pribadi dan antar pribadi, aspek intra pribadi meliputi kemampuan mengenali emosi diri, kemampuan mengelola emosi dan kemampuan memotivasi diri. Sedangkan aspek antar pribadi meliputi kemampuan mengenali emosi orang lain (empati) dan membina hubungan dengan orang lain atau keterampilan sosial.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF ANAK USIA DINI PADA MATERI MENGENAL BENTUK GEOMETRI MELALUI PENERAPAN MODEL MAKE A MATCH
Authors: Nurjanah Widia
Published: October 2022

Cognitive ability can be interpreted as the ability to know something, showing the ability to capture the nature, meaning, or information about something and have a clear picture of it. This study aims to analyze an effort to improve the cognitive abilities of early childhood on the subject of recognizing geometric shapes through the application of the make a match model. This research approach is qualitative research. the type of research used is Classroom Action Research (CAR). The subjects in this study were all children aged 5-6 years in Raudhatul Athfal Miftahul Huda Nagrak T.A 2019-2020, totaling 16 children. The results of the study show that the application of the Make A Match learning model can improve the cognitive abilities of early childhood in recognizing geometric shapes at Raudhatul Athfal Miftahul Huda. With the initial percentage before using the Make A Match model 43.75% after using it in Cycle I it became 62.67% and completeness increased in Cycle II to 81.51% from the success indicator of 75%.
IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM TERSEMBUNYI DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DI TAMAN KANAK-KANAK
Authors: Widaningsih Sri
Published: October 2022

The implementation of the hidden curriculum in the teaching and learning process will definitely appear, especially in the learning process in kindergarten, whether we realize it or not, this is because the learning process in kindergarten is indeed very dynamic, adjusted to the level of the child's mood. The purpose of this research is to find out what and how this hidden curriculum is implemented. The research approach used is descriptive qualitative, with the main subjects being kindergarten, PAUD and RA children in the city of Bandung. The result of the hidden curriculum implementation process is the achievement of children's developmental tasks optimally, but overall all competency achievements are highly dependent on the condition of the child as a whole. In conclusion, the implementation of the hidden curriculum has a positive impact on improving student learning outcomes.
TINJAUAN YURIDIS TERHADAP PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA PENISTAAN AGAMA MELALUI MEDIA SOSIAL
Authors: Al Ghany Farel , Santing Waspada , Oner Basri
Published: October 2022

Era modern ini banyak terjadi penistaan/penodaan agama melalui media sosial berupa hinaan atau ujaran kebencian yang ditujukan kepada individu atau kelompok yang terkait dengan unsur suku, agama, ras, dan antargolongan (SARA). Hal ini dapat menimbulkan intoleransi terhadap sesama manusia dan dapat menimbulkan perasaan benci. Tindak pidana ini diatur dalam Pasal 156 dan 156a Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) dan aturan yang sama tentang penistaan agama melalui media sosial adalah Pasal 28 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016, perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. Selain itu, sanksi pidana diatur dalam Pasal 45A ayat (2) Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana penanganan penistaan agama melalui media sosial dan penjatuhan sanksi terhadap pelaku penistaan agama melalui media sosial?. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian normatif empiris dengan melakukan pendekatan undang-undang, pendekatan analisis konsep hukum, mengumpulkan data, observasi, dan melakukan wawancara dengan Hakim Kelas IA Pengadilan Negeri Makassar dan Unit 3 Tipiter Polrestabes Makassar. Bahan hukum yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bagaimana proses penanganan penistaan agama melalui media sosial dan bagaimana hakim menerapkan sanksi terhadap pelaku penistaan agama melalui media sosial..
In this modern era, there are many of blasphemy/defamation of religion through social media in the form of insults or hate speech directed at individuals or groups related to elements of ethnic, religious, racial, and intergroup (SARA) elements. This can lead to intolerance to fellow humans and can lead to feelings of hatred. This crime is regulated in the Criminal Code (KUHP) Articles 156 and 156a, the same rules regarding blasphemy through social media are regulated in Law No.19 of 2016 amendments to Law No.11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions Article 28 paragraph (2). And the criminal sanctions are regulated in Article 45A paragraph (2) of the Electronic Information and Transaction Law. The purpose of this study is to: 1). How to deal with blasphemy through social media? 2). What are the imposition of sanctions on blasphemy criminals via social media?. The research methods were a prescriptive normative empirical research with a legal approach, a legal concept analysis approach, data collecting, observation, and interviews with judges of District Court Judges Class IA Makassar and Unit 3 Tipiter Polrestabes Makassar. The legal materials used in this study include primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. The results of this study show how the process of handling blasphemy through social media and how judges apply sanctions to perpetrators of blasphemy through social media.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ORAL SOLUTION FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: Dr. Syed Muhammad Ali  , Naz Amna , Daniyal Saif  , Haniya Tahir  , Tayyab Tariq  , Ehtsham Haider
Published: October 2022

Background: Arthritis is becoming more prevalent with time in Pakistan. An autoimmune and inflammatory condition, rheumatoid arthritis mostly affects the joints. Since most immune suppressants are injectable, it was very difficult for patients to follow their treatment regimen on a daily basis. Aims: To develop a liquid dosage form with minimal adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with immuno-suppressants. Methodology: For this purpose, a combination of aloe vera with anti-inflammatory effects and prednisolone with immunosuppressant effects is used. Firstly, aloe vera extract was taken and blended with distilled water, sweetened with sucralose and added in prednisolone solution along with other excipients. The results of efficacy, density, viscosity and specific gravity were as within ranges. Result: There is no discoloration and cloudiness. The results of efficacy, density, viscosity and specific gravity were as within ranges. Conclusion: Aloe juice has synergistic effects as an anti-inflammatory agent. This combination lessened the ADRs associated with prednisolone, however it doesn’t compromise the therapeutic effects.
DIETARY CONCEPTS, PATTERNS AND LIFESTYLES IN ADULTS WITH DIABETES IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN.
Authors: Khan Faran , Yasmeen Dr. Anam , Ahmad Marriam , Imtiaz Sheeza , Bano Saima , Yasien Sara
Published: October 2022

Background: It is estimated that 1.5 million fatalities were directly caused by diabetes and 2.2 million deaths were caused by high blood glucose. This study was conducted to evaluate the link of food concepts, lifestyle habits, and dietary patterns among persons with diabetes mellitus. Methodology: The participants with diabetes mellitus were chosen from the diabetic wards and OPDs of several hospitals in Punjab. There were 600 participants in the entire sample size. The questionnaire was created to evaluate diabetes-related myths about food, diabetes-related lifestyle routines, and eating habits among persons with diabetes. Statistical techniques were used percentages (%) and cross tabs. Results: The study found that 55.8% of persons have a history of diabetes mellitus in their families. A sedentary lifestyle and lack of physical activity were prevalent in about 41.8% of the population. Participants with no education or little education have higher levels of uncontrolled HbA1C than participants with some education. 24% of the individuals who lacked education thought that eating too much sugar could cause diabetes. 10% of individuals actually used a home remedy, whereas 88.8% of participants did not use any. Of the participants, 24.5% believed that home remedies were helpful in managing diabetes. Conclusion: This study shows that people do not exercise enough; about half of the participants are physically inactive. Major meals were consumed in an appropriate amount. The promotion of good eating and lifestyle practices, particularly prevention among high-risk groups, is encouraged through health education and other interventions.