bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Link between Hypouricemia and Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Mihailova Anna , Trapp Maximiliane , Kakurina Natalija
Published: February 2023

The potential danger to patients’ health due to hypouricemia has only recently become a research topic of interest. While it has been established that normal uric acid levels have antioxidative and neuroprotective properties, the loss of these functions with uric acid levels below the normal range have been studied only recently and findings suggest potential detrimental effects on the brain and cognitive abilities. The purpose of this study is to look at potential connections between hypouricemia and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. Seventy-seven inpatients and outpatients with routine uric acid testing were included and further stratified into patients with neurodegenerative disease and patients without neurodegenerative disease. The results showed that rates of Alzheimer’s disease differ between patients with hypouricemia and normal uric acid levels, however this association was not found for patients with vascular dementia. This provides evidence for potential effects of hypouricemia and raises the question for further research define a safe range of serum uric acid.
Social Impact through the SDGs: Case Studies in Higher Education
Authors: López Belén
Published: February 2023

Since the approval of the SDGs by the United Nations in 2015, public and private institutions worldwide have been working to meet the global goals identified in the 17 SDGs. This research is based on the analysis of the contribution of universities in Spain on these challenges to promote sustainability considering public information from international rankings. Following this, the main objective of this chapter is i) to understand how universities generate social impact, ii) how rankings measure the impact on SDGs through the university activities involving their stakeholders, and iii) how these actions affect people and society. The results, based on the scores from The Higher Education Ranking 2022, show that the best performance in Spanish Universities is related to the SDG 3, SDG 4, SDG 5, SDG 7, SDG 8, SDG 11, SDG 16, and SDG 17. In addition, the success of an educational project for social inclusion is presented (SDG 4), where the capacity of universities to generate social impact is shown through an original program using a higher educational method and created for people at risk of exclusion, in order to increase their employability.
Perspective Chapter: Well-Being and Culture – An African Perspective
Authors: Sunday Idemudia Erhabor , Adedeji Adekunle
Published: February 2023

Well-being as a subject is often looked at from a Western perspective, including definitions and measurements. This, however, ignores the sociocultural characteristics of individuals or groups that may be crucial to the subjective conceptualization of well-being. The concept of well-being relates to understanding how people derive and interpret wellness regarding their interactions with other humans within the family, community and social context. This viewpoint of well-being is presented in this chapter as “holistic” from a cultural approach. The notion of well-being from an African perspective is usually defined within the framework of group norms, values, kinship relationships and ties entrenched in cultural values. The concept of well-being in this sense also runs counter to the idea of well-being in western cultures. The African is a ‘group person’, a ‘family person’ and the ‘we person’. These sociocultural features are presumed to affect or influence well-being, mental health and treatment. This chapter expounds on techniques to effectively understand the culture in health from the African perspective. We submit that culturally sensitive measures of well-being will aid deeper exploration of the construct within the African setting and allow for a construct base comparison between Western and African settings.
Los Servicios Municipales de Educación ante el desarrollo educativo de los municipios
Authors: Muñoz Moreno José Luis
Published: February 2023

Este artículo recoge los resultados más desta¬cados derivados del estudio que indaga sobre el desarrollo educativo de los municipios desde la actuación realizada por los Servicios Municipales de Educación y cuyos objetivos son: analizar las actuaciones desempeñadas por estos Servicios; y diseñar y validar un Instrumento para la au¬toevaluación de los mismos. El trabajo de campo realizado ha contemplado una revisión biblio¬gráfica, el análisis de páginas web oficiales de Ayuntamientos, entrevistas en profundidad, un grupo de discusión con expertos, la aplicación de la propuesta de Instrumento en Ayuntamientos y su validación por parte de técnicos municipales de educación. Los principales resultados evi¬dencian que la autoevaluación de los Servicios Municipales de Educación puede ser una óptima oportunidad para mejorar sus decisiones alrede¬dor de la actuación educativa desempeñada en el municipio. Se concluye con la conveniencia de que estos Servicios se sostengan en unas políticas educativas amplias, transversales e in¬novadoras para favorecer la corresponsabilidad, la educación inclusiva y el aprendizaje a lo largo de toda la vida.
Konsep Penanggulangan Sampah di Wilayah Ekosistem Hutan Mangrove Belawan Sicanang dalam Upaya Pencegahan Pencemaran Lingkungan
Authors: Sinaga Putri , Harefa Meilinda Suriani , Siburian Prima Alexander , Siti Aisyah
Published: February 2023

Ekowisata Mangrove Sicanang adalah sebuah ekowisata di Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. Berlokasi di Desa Belawan Sicanang yang memiliki luas 1550 hektar dengan luas kawasan hutan mangrove 450 hektar. Kawasan hutan mangrove ini memiliki potensi yang baik untuk dijadikan sebagai kawasan ekowisata. Ekowisata mangrove berfungsi sebagai sumber pendidikan dan ekonomi bagi masyarakat. Kerusakan yang terdapat di ekosistem Mangrove Sicanang yang disebabkan oleh aktivitas masyarakat sekitar seperti membuang sampah atau limbah rumah tangga secara sembarangan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian konsep penanggulangan sampah dalam upaya pencegahan pencemaran lingkungan di wilayah ekosistem Hutan Mangrove Sicanang, Belawan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui status ekosistem Mangrove Sicanang dan kerusakan lingkungan yang terjadi di kawasan ekosistem mangrove, serta upaya pengelolaan dan pengembangan ekosistem mangrove Sicanang. Metode pengumpulan data adalah metode observasi dan tanya jawab yang dilakukan langsung kepada responden di lapangan. Hasil ini menunjukkan: (1) Pencemaran ini disebabkan oleh sampah masyarakat, (2) Sampah-sampah yang terbawa oleh arus pasang, (3) Tidak adanya pengelolaan dari pihak manapun sehingga kawasan ini menjadi tercemar tanpa adanya penanggulangan.
Analisis Pemanfaatan Keanekaragaman Mangrove oleh Masyarakat di Pesisir Pantai Mangrove Paluh Getah
Authors: Immanuel Sinabang  , Klarita Dwijayanti Waruwu  , Geby Pauliana  , Winda Rahayu  , Meilinda Suriani Harefa
Published: February 2023

Salah satu negara di dunia yang memiliki banyak kekayaan laut dan pesisir adalah Indonesia. Dari panjang garis pantai 95.181 km2 dan luas hutan mangrove 3.489.140,68 hektar, diperkirakan luasnya setara dengan 23% ekosistem mangrove dunia. Mangrove adalah jaringan depan pantai tropis yang berbeda yang diliputi oleh berbagai jenis pohon atau perdu khas yang mampu tumbuh subur di air asin. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui metode penelitian kualitatif yaitu dengan cara mengamati hutan mangrove sebagai perlindungan daerah pesisir di Pantai Mangrove Paluh Getah, Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Pengamatan dilakukan mulai 26 September 2022 hingga 10 Oktober 2022. Lokasi studi dilakukan di Pantai Mangrove Paluh Getah yang beralamat di Jl. Paluh Getah, Dusun XIV, Tanjung Rejo, Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan peneliti ialah metode pengumpulan observasi yang mana dengan melakukan pengamatan terhadap tanaman Mangrove yang ada disekitar daerah Pantai Mangrove Paluh Getah dan data yang diperoleh merupakan data primer yang kemudian dikumpulkan dan diolah menjadi kesimpulan deskriptif. Analisis SWOT digunakan sebagai metode analisis dalam penelitian ini. Temuan dalam penelitian ini adalah ditemukan beberapa keanekaragaman jenis mangrove di Pantai Mangrove Paluh Getah yaitu: Rhizophora Apiculata (Bakau Minyak), Avicennia Marina (Mangrove api-api), Nipah, Sonneratia Caseolaris (Pedada), dan Acanthus ilicifolius L. (Jeruju). Masyarakat pesisir pantai Paluh Getah juga sudah mampu mengolah mangrove menjadi aneka panganan dan kerajinan.
MODELING RISK MEASUREMENT IN EMERGING MARKET
Authors: Asri Marselinus
Published: February 2023

Purpose – This study aims to make modeling measurement risk in capital market variables.

Design/methodology/approach – Using Mathematical approaches to integrated a noticeable increase in the ﬁrm-level idiosyncratic risk, the volatility measure of coeficient is greater and has a stronger upward trend than the new idiosyncratic volatility measure.

Findings – Using the the model decomposing total risk in market variance extended by Bali et.al, we integrated the model with initial model, Fama-French idiosyncratic risk Model, we sugested new model:

Rit -RFt = ai + bi (R Mt R Ft) +  var.HLt+ var.SBt +Var.MW  +Var.RW+ Var.CMA + ei

Originality – This paper introduces a variance measure of aggregate idiosyncratic risk, which does not require estimation of market betas or correlations and is based on the concept of gain from portofolio diversification.

Keywords: Idiosyncratic Risk, New Model

Paper Type Research Result
DEKONSTRUKSI HUBUNGAN KEAGENAN DALAM PROSES ANGGARAN
Authors: Damayanti Ratna Ayu , Syarifuddin Syarifuddin
Published: February 2023

Purpose – The study objective are to explore the importance of local wisdom as a source of knowledge and guidance in filling and forming a more harmonious agency relationship pattern in the context of local government budgets.

Design/methodology/approach – This study uses Derrida model.

Findings – This study finds out how modern the accountability system of traditional Balinese village. In this case, budget is not only for legislative consumption, but also for all levels of society. Failure to provide accountability report by customary government is a form of violation that causes karma, and villager can revoke the mandate given to the customary government.

Originality – This study uses Derrida model to build a new model of agency relationship by adopting marginalized text or philosophical.

Keywords: Bali, Derrida, Budget, Regional Government, Indonesia

Paper Type Research Result
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE AND CAPITAL STRUCTURE INFLUENCE ON COMPANY VALUE IN MANUFACTURING COMPANIES ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE
Authors: Rumianti Chaerunnisa , Launtu Ansir
Published: February 2023

Purpose – This study aims to test and analyze the effect of financial performance variables and capital structure on firm value in the food and beverage subsector manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017 - 2019 period.

Design/methodology/approach – This analysis method uses Multiple Linear Regression technique.

Findings – The results of the study partially show that financial performance and capital structure have a negative and significant effect on firm value.

Originality – The population is 26 manufacturing companies in the food and beverage sub-sector listed on the IDX for the period 2017-2019.

Keywords: Capital Structure, Financial Performance, Firm Value

Paper Type Research Result
INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT TO REGIONAL GOVERNMENT MANAGERIAL PERFORMANCE
Authors: Basmar Nur Azizah , Rosihan Muhammad Zulfikar
Published: February 2023

Purpose – This study aims to determine whether the Internal Control System, and Organizational Commitment affect the performance of the Regional Government Managerial in GOWA district SKPD

Design/methodology/approach – The method of data analysis uses multiple linear regression techniques

Findings – The results of this study indicate that the influence of the Internal Control System, and Organizational Commitment has an influence on the Managerial Performance of Local Governments. Based on the results of the R square test in this study is relatively strong. This is because almost all respondents answered strongly agree and agree.

Originality – Collecting data using primary data obtained from 51 respondents in GOWA district SKPD
The University in Digital Flux: An Interview with Rob Salkowitz
Authors: Kulmala Dan , Leuschner Eric , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

By now, many of us in higher education can recite the list of issues and problems that our profession faces as easily as singing the ABC’s ditty we learned in Kindergarten: (a) the fear of cuts in funding, (b) the need for curriculum change, (c) the impact of technology, (d) the influence of global markets and cultures, and (e) the need to understand the Net Generation—and the madness of texting. Perhaps, not since the Great Depression do we understand the true need to do more with less. Yet the ability to tackle these challenges appears hopeless, especially at state comprehensive universities where faculty members teach four-four and five-five teaching loads. How can we do more—and get anything done, at all? What kinds of options do we have? Where should we go from here? What should we do in and out of the classroom? Is there any hope?
The Impact and Potential of Inter-university Collaboration in Journalism Experiential Education: A Case Study
Authors: Paulin Lisa , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Since 2009, journalism students from The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (UNC) and North Carolina Central University (NCCU) have been reporting and writing for a community newspaper, the Voice. This essay provides a case study of experiential learning and inter-university collaboration by focusing on students’ perceptions of their work as reporters and my experience as a faculty adviser to the project. This study contributes to calls for research case studies in student experiential learning in journalism (Brandon, 2002; Feldman, 1995; Mensing, 2010). Additionally, it builds on concern for tracking journalism experiences targeting minority students. In this case, one set of students come from a small program at a public historically black university (NCCU) while the others come from a highly-regarded journalism school (UNC), which helps with understanding how a project like this might operate differently for small programs.
Introduction: The Work of the People's University
Authors: Henderson Bruce , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

The state comprehensive universities (SCUs) may represent the most neglected and least understood segment of American higher education. Despite enrolling a substantial portion of the students at four-year institutions of higher learning, the SCUs receive little attention in the popular higher education literature (e.g., the Chronicle of Higher Education), in the more formal academic journals of higher education (e.g., The Journal of Higher Education, Research in Higher Education) or in many of the book-length treatments of the history and issues surrounding higher education (e.g., Geiger, 2005; Levine, 1993; Thelin, 2004). The intent of Teacher-Scholar is to bring much needed attention to the SCUs. What is an SCU? How are SCUs alike and different from public and private research universities and liberal arts colleges? How is the work life for faculty and students different at SCUs? Why have SCUs struggled with their identities? What can SCUs do that can help them play a distinct role in American higher education? What is the distinctive mission of the SCU? These are some of the questions I want to address in this essay. I will provide some background on the SCUs, discuss a model for the mission of the SCUs, and suggest some areas for future research
Kajian Sosio-Yuridis Keistimewaan Yogyakarta Ditinjau Dari Status Daerah Khusus dan Isitimewa Dalam Teori Negara Kesatuan di Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia
Authors: Robuan Rahmat
Published: February 2023

Penulisan dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa terkait kajian sosio-yuridis keistimewaan Yogyakarta ditinjau dari status daerah khusus dan istimewa dalam teori negara kesatuan di negara republik Indonesia. Jenis penulisan dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan jenis penelitian normatif. Adapun isu hukum permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penulisan jurnal ini yakni, pertama, Apa landasan filosofi masyarakat Yogyakarta terkait keistimewaan Yogyakarta yang menjadikan Yogyakarta sebagai pelopor demokrasi budaya. Kedua, Bagaimana pandangan sosio-yuridis mengenai keistimewaan Yogyakarta. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini yakni status keistimewaan bagi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dibedakan pada aspek keistimewaan yang mengacu pada aspek sosio-historis, sosio-politik, sosiokultural, dan sosio-spiritual.  Status istimewa mengacu pada aturan hukum atas dasar perubahan tata pemerintahan yang awalnya adalah sebuah Kerajaan Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat menjadi tata pemerintahan demokrasi yang berbentuk provinsi. Kemudian mengenai keistimewaan terletak pada pengangkatan Gubernur dan Wakil Gubernur dengan mempertimbangkan calon keturunan Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono IV dan Paku Alam VIII yang memenuhi syarat-syarat sesuai undang-undang.
Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Status Anak Yang Lahir Dari Proses Bayi Tabung dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam
Authors: Tauratiya
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau status hukum dan kedudukan anak yang lahir dari proses bayi tabung dalam perspektif hukum islam. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian yuridis normative, dengan sumber data yang digunakan adalah sumber data primer dan sumber data skunder, serta data yang diperoleh akan dianalisis menggunakan deskriptif analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa anak yang dilahirkan dari proses bayi tabung dianggap sebagai anak sah dan tentu memiliki kedudukan dan status hukum yang sama dengan anak pada umunya, apabila dalam prosesnya anak tersebut merupakan hasil dari perkawinan yang sah antara suami dan istri, serta tidak menggunakan rahim perempuan lain atau donor sperma dari laki laki lain. Untuk mecegah timbulnya permasalahan di kemudian hari dalam berbagai aspek, terutama dalam aspek hukumnya, pada prinsipnya setiap anak yang dilahirkan baik secara alamiah maupun hasil reproduksi buatan pada dasarnya memerlukan kejelasan status secara yuridis. Hal ini bertujuan untuk memastikan bahwa anak tersebut dianggap sebagai anak sah maupun sebaliknya, karena pada fakta yang terjadi tidak semua anak dapat menyandang status sebagai anak sah.
Tinjauan Kriminologis Pembinaan Narapidana Anak Pelaku Penganiayaan di Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak Kelas II Pangkalpinang
Authors: Meliana Yang
Published: February 2023

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terhadap pembinaan narapidana anak pelaku penganiayaan yang dilakukan di (Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak (LPKA) Kelas II Pangkalpinang adalah pendidikan dan pelatihan yang dilakukan oleh tenaga kerja yang tersedia yang harus memiliki kekuatan untuk membina narapidana anak daripada pembinaan terhadap narapidana dewasa.

Sedangkan hasil penelitian terhadap faktor-faktor yang menjadi penyebab terjadinya tindak pidana penganiayaan yang dilakukan oleh anak, antara lain : adanya faktor bullying, faktor mental, faktor lingkungan/pergaulan anak, faktor media massa, dan faktor ekonomi, dan faktor pendidikan.
Nghiên cứu dự báo cường độ bê tông xốp và xác định tương quan với các tham số đầu vào bằng máy vec tơ hỗ trợ
Authors: Lý Hải Bằng
Published: February 2023

Bê tông xốp (BTX) là một loại vật liệu xây dựng với nhiều ưu điểm và được sử dụng rộng rãi trong xây dựng công trình để giảm tải trọng cho kết cấu. Cường độ nén là một đặc trưng cơ học quan trọng của bê tông nói chung và của BTX nói riêng, nên việc ước tính nhanh, chính xác đại lượng này rất quan trọng. Nghiên cứu này đề xuất ứng dụng mô hình máy vec tơ hỗ trợ (SVM) để dự báo cường độ BTX và xây dựng mối tương quan giữa các yếu tố đầu vào của bài toán với mục đích tối ưu hóa quá trình thiết kế BTX. Bộ cơ sở dữ liệu gồm 220 kết quả thí nghiệm cường độ BTX được thu thập và dùng để xây dựng, kiểm chứng năng lực dự báo của mô hình SVM. Các yếu tố đầu vào của bài toán được xét tới là tỷ trọng BTX, tỷ lệ nước/xi măng, và tỷ lệ cát/xi măng. Kết quả cho thấy SVM là một công cụ dự báo rất tốt cường độ nén của BTX với các tiêu chí đánh giá hiệu suất như căn của sai số toàn phương trung bình RMSE = 3.475 MPa, sai số tuyệt đối trung bình MAE = 2.816 MPa và hệ số xác định R2 = 0.930. Cuối cùng, biểu đồ phụ thuộc được phát triển để xây dựng tương quan giữa ba biến đầu vào nói trên với cường độ nén của BTX, giúp ích cho các kỹ sư vật liệu trong công tác thiết kế cấp phối.
Pratiques de soutien au cours d’un groupe d’intégration sociale et professionnelle : retombées sur les capabilités de personnes réfugiées dans leur parcours d’apprentissage
Authors: Dionne Patricia , Joncas Jo Anni , Charette Josée
Published: February 2023

Au Québec, des centres d’aide à l’emploi offrent des programmes d’intégration sociale et professionnelle (ISP) des personnes réfugiées ou demandeuses d’asile, qui arrivent avec un parcours souvent sinueux, parfois ponctué d’expériences traumatisantes. Ce parcours peut complexifier leur ISP dans leur société d’accueil et les exposer à des situations de vulnérabilité sociale. Nous cherchons à comprendre comment le parcours d’apprentissage au cours d’un programme d’ISP en groupe permet d’ouvrir l’éventail des opportunités réelles et favorise la justice sociale du point de vue opérationnel de l’approche par les capabilités. L’analyse qualitative processuelle des parcours d’apprentissage de ces personnes articule les ressources que rend disponible le programme en vue d’élargir leurs opportunités réelles d’ISP. Sont également analysées, les entraves à la conversion des ressources transmises en instruments pour l’apprentissage.
Intentionnalité, perceptions et stratégies de parents d’enfants présentant des besoins particuliers lors du processus de choix de parcours scolaires au secondaire
Authors: Castonguay-Payant Justine
Published: February 2023

Depuis le Rapport Parent, le système scolaire québécois permet les choix scolaires entre deux réseaux d’enseignement, l’un public et l’autre privé. Cependant, pour plusieurs parents d’enfants à besoins particuliers, les processus de choix d’une école secondaire s’accompagnent de différentes contraintes (scolaires, familiales). Cette étude examine des processus parentaux de choix scolaires en mariant une approche d’inspiration interactionniste sur les choix scolaires (van Zanten, 2009) et l’approche des parcours de vie. Embrassant une posture compréhensive et interprétative, l’analyse inductive d’entretiens semi-dirigés révèle que différents mécanismes inhérents au processus de choix de l’école secondaire (p. ex., perceptions subjectives et contraintes liées au territoire) peuvent produire des inégalités et réduire le potentiel de ces enfants à leurs difficultés.
La queerisation du mythe de la succube : les scripts de la bisexualité dans Lost Girl
Authors: Lavigne Julie
Published: February 2023

L’article propose une analyse textuelle de la série fantastique canadienne Lost Girl (Showcase, 2010-2015) créée par Michelle Lovretta. En recourant aux théories féministes, aux études sur la bisexualité, ainsi qu’à la théorie des scripts sexuels, l’article se penche sur les transgressions représentées dans la série par rapport aux rôles souvent passifs des femmes dans les scripts hétérosexuels traditionnels. Les intrigues, dans Lost Girl, sont centrées sur le personnage de Bo Dennis, une succube bisexuelle qui pratique une sexualité multipartenariale. Cette série innove en présentant ainsi une femme active, agentive et vivant une sexualité débordante et saine sans subir le slut shaming associé à ce type de transgression. L’analyse montre aussi que la bisexualité du personnage permet de transformer la figure patriarcale de la succube incarnant la peur masculine de la sexualité des femmes, en une figure héroïque, féministe, queer et antispéciste.
Entre maladresse et authenticité : la recherche du plaisir dans Mrs. Fletcher
Authors: Boni Marta
Published: February 2023

Dans les nouvelles formes de sérialité télévisuelle se dégage une figure de personnages de femmes qui se trouvent en décalage avec la norme, grotesques, dissidentes : cet article propose de se pencher sur un personnage en particulier, la protagoniste de la série Mrs. Fletcher. Cette série de HBO, à cheval entre comédie et drame, met en scène la découverte de la pornographie par une femme de 45 ans, rôle joué par Kathryn Hahn. En analysant la représentation du désir et de la transgression présente dans cette série, nous aborderons l’idée d’un plaisir qui devient forme de connaissance et proposerons une piste de lecture de la sérialité contemporaine à l’aune de la maladresse et de l’authenticité.
A transcriptome atlas of leg muscles from healthy human volunteers reveals molecular and cellular signatures associated with muscle location
Authors: Abbassi-Daloii Tooba , el Abdellaoui Salma , Voortman Lenard M , Veeger Thom TJ , Cats Davy , Mei Hailiang , Meuffels Duncan E , van Arkel Ewoud , 't Hoen Peter AC , Kan Hermien E , Raz Vered
Published: February 2023

Skeletal muscles support the stability and mobility of the skeleton but differ in biomechanical properties and physiological functions. The intrinsic factors that regulate muscle-specific characteristics are poorly understood. To study these, we constructed a large atlas of RNA-seq profiles from six leg muscles and two locations from one muscle, using biopsies from 20 healthy young males. We identified differential expression patterns and cellular composition across the seven tissues using three bioinformatics approaches confirmed by large-scale newly developed quantitative immune-histology procedures. With all three procedures, the muscle samples clustered into three groups congruent with their anatomical location. Concomitant with genes marking oxidative metabolism, genes marking fast- or slow-twitch myofibers differed between the three groups. The groups of muscles with higher expression of slow-twitch genes were enriched in endothelial cells and showed higher capillary content. In addition, expression profiles of Homeobox (HOX) transcription factors differed between the three groups and were confirmed by spatial RNA hybridization. We created an open-source graphical interface to explore and visualize the leg muscle atlas (https://tabbassidaloii.shinyapps.io/muscleAtlasShinyApp/). Our study reveals the molecular specialization of human leg muscles, and provides a novel resource to study muscle-specific molecular features, which could be linked with (patho)physiological processes.
Activity in developing prefrontal cortex is shaped by sleep and sensory experience
Authors: Gómez Lex J , Dooley James C , Blumberg Mark S
Published: February 2023

In developing rats, behavioral state exerts a profound modulatory influence on neural activity throughout the sensorimotor system, including primary motor cortex (M1). We hypothesized that similar state-dependent modulation occurs in prefrontal cortical areas with which M1 forms functional connections. Here, using 8- and 12-day-old rats cycling freely between sleep and wake, we record neural activity in M1, secondary motor cortex (M2), and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). At both ages in all three areas, neural activity increased during active sleep (AS) compared with wake. Also, regardless of behavioral state, neural activity in all three areas increased during periods when limbs were moving. The movement-related activity in M2 and mPFC, like that in M1, is driven by sensory feedback. Our results, which diverge from those of previous studies using anesthetized pups, demonstrate that AS-dependent modulation and sensory responsivity extend to prefrontal cortex. These findings expand the range of possible factors shaping the activity-dependent development of higher-order cortical areas.
Necessity of Protective Coordination Systems According to Battery Capacity
Authors: Kang Sin-Dong , Min Ahran , Park Ye Jin , Kim Si Hyun , Kim Jae-ho
Published: February 2023

As the capacity of lithium-based batteries rapidly is increasing, the number of applications using them is continuously increasing. However, this leads to the risk of fire and explosion, and thus, the number of accidents is increasing. To analyze the magnitude of short circuit currents according to the battery capacity and external circuit impedance and the necessity of protective coordination, this study conducted experiments using cylindrical batteries with capacities of 800, 2200, 3000, and 5000 mAh and cables with an impedance of 0.1Ω/m. Results indicated that as the battery capacity increased, the short circuit current increased and circuit-opening time decreased. However, as the circuit impedance increased, the short circuit current decreased and circuit-opening time increased. Based on these results, we reviewed protective systems applied to batteries and analyzed their problems. For protective systems designed considering the maximum short circuit current, if the state of charge is low or the impedance is high at the point of short circuit, the protective system does not operate when short circuit occurs, thus failing to block the circuit and potentially leading to fire. Therefore, while designing protective systems, it is appropriate to use multiple circuit breakers and fuses, considering the short circuit current according to the battery capacity and circuit impedance to enable protective coordination between devices.
Evaluation of Physical, Chemical and Sensory Properties of Multigrain Cookies Prepared Using Wheat, Oats and Barley Flours
Authors: Sharma Shikha , P. Garg Amar
Published: February 2023

Barley, oats and wheat flour was used to formulate composite flour (CF). Composite flour (CF) was made by substituting wheat flour with oats and barley in different proportions of blending, that is20%, 40%, 60% and 80%. The physical and functional attributes of different blends of composite flour were studied. The qualitative analysis of the prepared multigrain cookies was examined on the basis of physical and proximate analysis. In composite flour, the content of fat, protein and carbohydrate increased as the mixing proportion of the flours increased steadily. The Water absorption capacity (WAC) and swelling capacity (SC) of the composite flours progressively increased as the proportions of the flours blending increased. Furthermore, the diameter of the cookies also decreases with increasing level of blending proportion in wheat flour, and the same effect can increase the hardness nature of the cookies. The cookies prepared from the 80% blend (CF4) achieved the highest overall acceptability score.
Implementing the White House’s Strategic Plan to Save Lives Amid the Opioid Crisis
Authors: Incze Michael A. , Kelley A. Taylor , Singer Phillip M.
Published: February 2023

This Viewpoint discusses the goals of the inaugural National Drug Control Strategy, which as the ambitious agenda of emphasizing harm reduction practices, medications for treating opioid use disorder, and criminal justice reform, as well as supporting long-term recovery and interrupting illicit drug trafficking.
A 2023 Agenda for Substance Use Prevention and Treatment in the US
Authors: Gupta Rahul , Wright Nicholas F. , Holtgrave David R.
Published: February 2023

In this Viewpoint, officials from the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy describe 3 actions that health care personnel can take to expand prevention and treatment of substance misuse and overdose.
Adherence to Healthy Lifestyle Prior to Infection and Risk of Post–COVID-19 Condition
Authors: Wang Siwen , Li Yanping , Yue Yiyang , Yuan Changzheng , Kang Jae Hee , Chavarro Jorge E. , Bhupathiraju Shilpa N. , Roberts Andrea L.
Published: February 2023

Importance

Few modifiable risk factors for post–COVID-19 condition (PCC) have been identified.

Objective

To investigate the association between healthy lifestyle factors prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection and risk of PCC.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this prospective cohort study, 32 249 women in the Nurses’ Health Study II cohort reported preinfection lifestyle habits in 2015 and 2017. Healthy lifestyle factors included healthy body mass index (BMI, 18.5-24.9; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared), never smoking, at least 150 minutes per week of moderate to vigorous physical activity, moderate alcohol intake (5 to 15 g/d), high diet quality (upper 40% of Alternate Healthy Eating Index–2010 score), and adequate sleep (7 to 9 h/d).

Main Outcomes and Measures

SARS-CoV-2 infection (confirmed by test) and PCC (at least 4 weeks of symptoms) were self-reported on 7 periodic surveys administered from April 2020 to November 2021. Among participants with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the relative risk (RR) of PCC in association with the number of healthy lifestyle factors (0 to 6) was estimated using Poisson regression and adjusting for demographic factors and comorbidities.

Results

A total of 1981 women with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test over 19 months of follow-up were documented. Among those participants, mean age was 64.7 years (SD, 4.6; range, 55-75); 97.4% (n = 1929) were White; and 42.8% (n = 848) were active health care workers. Among these, 871 (44.0%) developed PCC. Healthy lifestyle was associated with lower risk of PCC in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with women without any healthy lifestyle factors, those with 5 to 6 had 49% lower risk (RR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.33-0.78) of PCC. In a model mutually adjusted for all lifestyle factors, BMI and sleep were independently associated with risk of PCC (BMI, 18.5-24.9 vs others, RR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.73-1.00, P = .046; sleep, 7-9 h/d vs others, RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.72-0.95, P = .008). If these associations were causal, 36.0% of PCC cases would have been prevented if all participants had 5 to 6 healthy lifestyle factors (population attributable risk percentage, 36.0%; 95% CI, 14.1%-52.7%). Results were comparable when PCC was defined as symptoms of at least 2-month duration or having ongoing symptoms at the time of PCC assessment.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this prospective cohort study, pre-infection healthy lifestyle was associated with a substantially lower risk of PCC. Future research should investigate whether lifestyle interventions may reduce risk of developing PCC or mitigate symptoms among individuals with PCC or possibly other postinfection syndromes.
Prevaccination Prevalence of Type-Specific Human Papillomavirus Infection by Grade of Cervical Cytology in Estonia
Authors: Uusküla Anneli , Oja Marek , Tamm Sirli , Tisler Anna , Laanpere Made , Padrik Lee , Nygard Mari , Reisberg Sulev , Vilo Jaak , Kolde Raivo
Published: February 2023

Importance

Large-scale data on type-specific human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and disease burden worldwide are needed to guide cervical cancer prevention efforts. Promoting the research and application of health care big data has become a key factor in modern medical research.

Objective

To examine the prevaccination prevalence of high-risk HPV (hrHPV) and type distribution by cervical cytology grade in Estonia.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study used text mining and the linking of data from electronic health records and health care claims to examine type-specific hrHPV positivity in Estonia from 2012 to 2019. Participants were women aged at least 18 years. Statistical analysis was performed from September 2021 to August 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Type-specific hrHPV positivity rate by cervical cytological grade.

Results

A total of 11 017 cases of cervical cytology complemented with data on hrHPV testing results between 2012 and 2019 from 66 451 women aged at least 18 years (mean [SD] age, 48.1 [21.0] years) were included. The most common hrHPV types were HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 51 and 52, which accounted for 73.8% of all hrHPV types detected. There was a marked decline in the positivity rate of hrHPV infection with increasing age, but the proportion did not vary significantly based on HPV type. Implementation of nonavalent prophylactic vaccination was estimated to reduce the number of women with high-grade cytology by 50.5% (95% CI, 47.4%-53.6%) and the number with low-grade cytology by 27.8% (95% CI, 26.3%-29.3%), giving an overall estimated reduction of 33.1% (95% CI, 31.7%-34.5%) in the number of women with precancerous cervical cytology findings.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study, text mining and natural language processing techniques allowed the detection of precursors to cervical cancer based on data stored by the nationwide health system. These findings contribute to the literature on type-specific HPV distribution by cervical cytology grade and document that α-9 phylogenetic group HPV types 16, 31, 33, 52 and α-7 phylogenetic group HPV 18 are the most frequently detected in normal-to-high-grade precancerous lesions in Estonia.
Changes in Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Dementia in a Nationwide Cohort in South Korea
Authors: Jeon Keun Hye , Han Kyungdo , Jeong Su-Min , Park Junhee , Yoo Jung Eun , Yoo Juhwan , Lee Jinkook , Kim SangYun , Shin Dong Wook
Published: February 2023

Importance

The impact of serial changes in alcohol consumption on dementia risk has rarely been investigated to date.

Objective

To investigate the association of comprehensive patterns of changes in alcohol consumption with the incidence of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD).

Design, Setting, and Participants

This is a retrospective cohort study. Data were obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. Adults aged 40 years and older underwent 2 health examinations in 2009 and 2011. The cohort was assessed until December 31, 2018, and statistical analysis was performed in December 2021.

Exposures

Alcohol consumption level was categorized into none (0 g per day), mild (<15 g per day), moderate (15-29.9 g per day), and heavy (≥30 g per day) drinking. On the basis of changes in alcohol consumption level from 2009 to 2011, participants were categorized into the following groups: nondrinker, quitter, reducer, sustainer, and increaser.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was newly diagnosed AD, VaD, or other dementia.

Results

Among 3 933 382 participants (mean [SD] age, 55.0 [9.6] years; 2 037 948 men [51.8%]), during a mean (SD) follow-up of 6.3 (0.7) years, there were 100 282 cases of all-cause dementia, 79 982 cases of AD, and 11 085 cases of VaD. Compared with sustained nondrinking, sustained mild (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.79; 95% CI, 0.77-0.81) and moderate (aHR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.79-0.88) drinking were associated with a decreased risk of all-cause dementia, whereas sustained heavy drinking was associated with an increased risk of all-cause dementia (aHR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.03-1.12). Compared with sustained levels of drinking, reducing alcohol consumption from a heavy to a moderate level (aHR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.86-0.99) and the initiation of mild alcohol consumption (aHR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.90-0.96) were associated with a decreased risk of all-cause dementia. Increasers and quitters exhibited an increased risk of all-cause dementia compared with sustainers. The trends in AD and VaD remained consistent.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of a Korean population, decreased risk of dementia was associated with maintaining mild to moderate alcohol consumption, reducing alcohol consumption from a heavy to a moderate level, and the initiation of mild alcohol consumption, suggesting that the threshold of alcohol consumption for dementia risk reduction is low.
Chronic Food Insecurity in US Families With Children
Authors: Insolera Noura
Published: February 2023

This survey study uses data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to compare trends from 2015 to 2019 in food insecurity among households with children with trends from 1999 to 2003.
PRNP expression predicts imaging findings in sporadic Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease
Authors: Broce Iris J. , Caverzasi Eduardo , Sacco Simone , Nillo Ryan Michael , Paoletti Matteo , Desikan Rahul S. , Geschwind Michael , Sugrue Leo P.
Published: February 2023

Objective

We explored the relationship between regional PRNP expression from healthy brain tissue and patterns of increased and decreased diffusion and regional brain atrophy in patients with sporadic Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (sCJD).

Methods

We used PRNP microarray data from 6 healthy adult brains from Allen Brain Institute and T1‐weighted and diffusion‐weighted MRIs from 34 patients diagnosed with sCJD and 30 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls to construct partial correlation matrices across brain regions for specific measures of interest: PRNP expression, mean diffusivity, volume, cortical thickness, and local gyrification index, a measure of cortical folding.

Results

Regional patterns of PRNP expression in the healthy brain correlated with regional patterns of diffusion signal abnormalities and atrophy in sCJD. Among different measures of cortical morphology, regional patterns of local gyrification index in sCJD most strongly correlated with regional patterns of PRNP expression. At the vertex‐wise level, different molecular subtypes of sCJD showed distinct regional correlations in local gyrification index across the cortex. Local gyrification index correlation patterns most closely matched patterns of PRNP expression in sCJD subtypes known to have greatest pathologic involvement of the cerebral cortex.

Interpretation

These results suggest that the specific genetic and molecular environment in which the prion protein is expressed confer variable vulnerability to misfolding across different brain regions that is reflected in patterns of imaging findings in sCJD. Further work in larger samples will be needed to determine whether these regional imaging patterns can serve as reliable markers of distinct disease subtypes to improve diagnosis and treatment targeting.
Crystalline Antibody‐Laden Alginate Particles: A Platform for Enabling High Concentration Subcutaneous Delivery of Antibodies
Authors: Erfani Amir , Schieferstein Jeremy M. , Reichert Paul , Narasimhan Chakravarthy N. , Pastuskovas Cinthia , Parab Vaishali , Simmons Denarra , Yang Xiaoyu , Shanker Apoorv , Hammond Paula , Doyle Patrick S.
Published: February 2023

Subcutaneous (SC) administration is a desired route for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). However, formulating mAbs for small injection volumes at high concentrations with suitable stability and injectability is a significant challenge. Here, this work presents a platform technology that combines the stability of crystalline antibodies with injectability and tunability of soft hydrogel particles. Composite alginate hydrogel particles are generated via a gentle centrifugal encapsulation process which avoids use of chemical reactions or an external organic phase. Crystalline suspension of anti‐programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) antibody (pembrolizumab) is utilized as a model therapeutic antibody. Crystalline forms of the mAb encapsuled in the hydrogel particles lead to stable, high concentration, and injectable formulations. Formulation concentrations as high as 315 mg mL−1 antibody are achieved with encapsulation efficiencies in the range of 89–97%, with no perceivable increase in the number of antibody aggregates. Bioanalytical studies confirm superior maintained quality of the antibody in comparison with formulation approaches involving organic phases and chemical reactions. This work illustrates tuning the alginate particles’ disintegration by using partially oxide alginates. Crystalline mAb‐laden particles are evaluated for their biocompatibility using cell‐based in vitro assays. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetics (PK) of the subcutaneously delivered human anti‐PD‐1 mAb in crystalline antibody‐laden alginate hydrogel particles in Wistar rats is evaluated.
DNA Nanoclusters Combined with One‐Shot Radiotherapy Augment Cancer Immunotherapy Efficiency
Authors: Xie Yuexia , Li Huishan , Xu Lei , Zou Hanbing , Wang Xingang , He Xiaozhen , Tang Qianyun , Zhou Yan , Zhao Xue , Chen Xiaojing , Liu Hongmei , Pu Jun , Luo Dan , Liu Peifeng
Published: February 2023

Immunotherapy shows immense promise for improving cancer treatment. Combining immunotherapy with radiotherapy provides a conspicuous advantage due to its enhanced abscopal effect. However, established immune tolerance mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment can hamper the generation of a sufficient abscopal effect. Herein, a type of DNA nanocluster (DNAnc) that is self‐assembled by a CpG‐ODNs‐loaded Y‐shaped double‐stranded DNA vector based on the unique complementary base‐pairing rules is designed. The unique structure of DNAnc makes it load more than ≈8125.5 ± 822.5 copies of CpG ODNs within one single nanostructure, which effectively increases resistance to nuclease degradation and elevates the efficiency of repolarizing macrophages to an M1‐like phenotype. Mechanistic studies reveal that more DNAncs are endocytosed by macrophages in the cancer tissue and repolarized macrophages to elicit a robust abscopal effect with the accumulation of macrophages induced by radiotherapy, generating potent, long‐term, and durable antitumor immunity for the inhibition of tumor metastasis and the prevention of tumor recurrence, which provides a novel strategy to boost cancer immunotherapy.
Blocking Spatiotemporal Crosstalk between Subcellular Organelles for Enhancing Anticancer Therapy with Nanointercepters
Authors: Li Huiyan , Zhang Huilin , He Xiaofang , Zhao Peiran , Wu Tong , Xiahou Jinxuan , Wu Yelin , Liu Yanyan , Chen Yang , Jiang Xingwu , Lv Guanglei , Yao Zhenwei , Wu Jian , Bu Wenbo
Published: February 2023

The spatiotemporal characterization of signaling crosstalk between subcellular organelles is crucial for the therapeutic effect of malignant tumors. Blocking interactive crosstalk in this fashion is significant but challenging. Herein, a communication interception strategy is reported, which blocks spatiotemporal crosstalk between subcellular organelles for cancer therapy with underlying molecular mechanisms. Briefly, amorphous‐core@crystalline‐shell Fe@Fe3O4 nanoparticles (ACFeNPs) are fabricated to specifically block the crosstalk between lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by hydroxyl radicals generated along with their trajectory through heterogeneous Fenton reaction. ACFeNPs initially enter lysosomes and trigger autophagy, then continuous lysosomal damage blocks the generation of functional autolysosomes, which mediates ER–lysosome crosstalk, thus the autophagy is paralyzed. Thereafter, released ACFeNPs from lysosomes induce ER stress. Without the alleviation by autophagy, the ER‐stress‐associated apoptotic pathway is fully activated, resulting in a remarkable therapeutic effect. This strategy provides a wide venue for nanomedicine to exert biological advantages and confers new perspective for the design of novel anticancer drugs.