bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using microsimulation to evaluate safety and operational implications of newer roundabout layouts for European road networks
Authors: Giuffrè Tullio , Trubia Salvatore , Canale Antonino , Persaud Bhagwant
Published: July 2021

“Standard” roundabouts, for example those designed in some European countries, can often be characterized by low levels of safety or capacity and a high degree of sustainability. Given the proliferation of newer layouts, it is of interest to explore whether design practices could be improved by capitalizing on the experience gained internationally. Operational aspects of some of these designs have been explored previously, but there is a need to compare both the operational and safety performance of new designs to that of standard roundabouts. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the safety and operational implications of various potential alternatives to the standard roundabouts that proliferate in Europe and elsewhere. Microsimulation is used to simulate traffic operations at roundabout layout alternatives at the same levels of volume to capacity (V/C) ratio and also with the same traffic flow. Operational performance measures include the common level of service parameters, while measures of safety are based initially on time to collision (TTC) values. Threshold values of TTC were then applied in defining conflicts that are used for crash-based safety evaluation by applying crash-conflict models estimated in published research. Interesting insights were revealed, suggesting that the newer layouts should be considered where warranted by cost-benefit considerations.

Keywords: road safety; traffic simulation; roundabout design; sustainable-transport indicators
The Use of Web 2.0 Concepts to Support Deliberation in Spatial Decision-Making
Authors: Rinner Claus , Keßler Carsten , Andrulis Stephen
Published: July 2021

Technologies associated with the second-generation of the World-Wide Web enable virtually anyone to share their data, documents, observations, and opinions on the Internet. In less than three years, mapping platforms such as Google Maps have sparked an exponential growth in user-generated geographically referenced content. However, the “serious” applications of Web 2.0 are sparse and this paper assesses its use in the context of collaborative spatial decision-making. We present an online map-based discussion forum that enables Internet users to submit place-based comments and respond to contributions from other participants. We further use the geographic references in a thread-based master plan debate for a university campus to simulate this debate in the map-based forum. This allows us to demonstrate how the online map provides an overview of the status and spatial foci of the debate, and how it can help us understand the spatial thought processes of the participants.
Antitumor Effects of Combining Docetaxel (Taxotere) with the Antivascular Action of Ultrasound Stimulated Microbubbles
Authors: Karshafian Raffi , Goertz David  E. , Todorova Margarita , Mortazavi Omid , Agache Vlad , Chen Branson , Hynynen Kullervo
Published: July 2021

Ultrasound stimulated microbubbles (USMB) are being investigated for their potential to promote the uptake of anticancer agents into tumor tissue by exploiting their ability to enhance microvascular permeability. At sufficiently high ultrasound transmit amplitudes it has also recently been shown that USMB treatments can, on their own, induce vascular damage, shutdown blood flow, and inhibit tumor growth. The objective of this study is to examine the antitumor effects of ‘antivascular’ USMB treatments in conjunction with chemotherapy, which differs from previous work which has sought to enhance drug uptake with USMBs by increasing vascular permeability. Conceptually this is a strategy similar to combining vascular disrupting agents with a chemotherapy, and we have selected the taxane docetaxel (Taxotere) for evaluating this approach as it has previously been shown to have potent antitumor effects when combined with small molecule vascular disrupting agents. Experiments were conducted on PC3 tumors implanted in athymic mice. USMB treatments were performed at a frequency of 1 MHz employing sequences of 50 ms bursts (0.00024 duty cycle) at 1.65 MPa. USMB treatments were administered on a weekly basis for 4 weeks with docetaxel (DTX) being given intravenously at a dose level of 5 mg/kg. The USMB treatments, either alone or in combination with DTX, induced an acute reduction in tumor perfusion which was accompanied at the 24 hour point by significantly enhanced necrosis and apoptosis. Longitudinal experiments showed a modest prolongation in survival but no significant growth inhibition occurred in DTX–only and USMB-only treatment groups relative to control tumors. The combined USMB-DTX treatment group produced tumor shrinkage in weeks 4–6, and significant growth inhibition and survival prolongation relative to the control (p<0.001), USMB-only (p<0.01) and DTX-only treatment groups (p<0.01). These results suggest the potential of enhancing the antitumor activity of docetaxel by combining it with antivascular USMB effects.
Balancing the Medicine Wheel through Physical Activity
Authors: Lavallée Lynn F
Published: July 2021

This article highlights the findings of a research project based on the medicine wheel teachings of balance between the physical, mental, spiritual, and emotional aspects of oneself. Specifically, this traditional approach to understanding health was used to explore the impacts of physical activity on emotional, spiritual and mental well-being. Four female participants in a martial arts program at an urban Friendship Centre told their stories at two sharing circles. Afterwards, they were given six weeks to develop symbols that represented the meaning of the martial arts program to them and how it had impacted their lives. The participants named this second method “Anishnaabe Symbol-Based Reflection.” This article provides a brief overview of these Indigenous methods and explains how they were applied to this research project. The article then focuses on two key themes that emerged from the Aboriginal women’s stories: issues related to identity and to a sense of not deserving good things in life. The women described how they were able to work through some of their identity issues and their low sense of self-worth through their participation in the martial arts program.
Cardiovascular interventions for immigrant women : a scoping review
Authors: Fredericks Suzanne , Guruge Sepali
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this scoping review is to identify cardiovascular interventions that are designed to address the needs of immigrant women across North America and Europe. The articles retrieved were reviewed independently by both the first author and a trained research assistant. Although the search revealed many articles and resources related to supporting cardiovascular self-management behaviors among individuals, few focused on interventions designed for immigrant women who were diagnosed and living with cardiovascular disease. Also, it was difficult to determine the quality of the literature retrieved, as the main goal of this scoping review was to assess the body of literature and categorize materials by common themes and topics. A more in-depth structured systematic review is needed to determine the quality of evidence being presented and to serve as a rationale for the design and implementation of future culturally sensitive interventions delivered to immigrant women diagnosed with cardiovascular disease.
Examining sentiments and popularity of pro- and anti-vaccination videos on YouTube
Authors: Song Melodie Yun-Ju , Gruzd Anatoliy
Published: July 2021

Vaccine misinformation on social media poses significant drawbacks to the efforts of vaccine coverage rates. This research studies the interlinkages between pro- and anti-vaccine YouTube videos to help public health professionals explore new ways to reach anti-vaccine and vaccine-hesitant audiences. Using YouTube’s API, we retrieved 9,489 recommended videos from 250 seeds using keywords such as “vaccines” and its derivatives. We then manually identified 1,984 videos directly related to vaccination and then categorized their vaccine
sentiment into pro-, anti-, and neutral. Results show that 65.02% of the videos were anti-vaccine, and only 20.87% were pro-vaccine, 14.11% were neutral. Anti-vaccine videos were significantly more prevalent in the “News & Politics” and “People & Blogs” video categories; while pro-vaccine videos were more prevalent in the “Education” and “Science & Technology” categories. Results also showed that anti-vaccine sentiment videos have higher values of closeness centrality (p<0.05), suggesting that watching an anti-vaccine video will likely lead to more anti-vaccine video recommendations. Moreover, videos that had more dislikes than likes (dislike/like
ratio) are positively related to pro-vaccine videos (OR=3.912), suggesting that pro-vaccine videos are more ill-received on YouTube than anti-vaccine videos. This study is the first to examine the network of vaccine-related videos on YouTube and their centralities. The results highlight some possible limitations of YouTube-based vaccination awareness campaigns and also emphasize the need to diversify how YouTube makes its
recommendations to help viewers break out of the anti-vaccine “bubble.”
Is offensive commenting contagious online? Examining public vs. interpersonal swearing in response to Donald Trump's YouTube campaign videos
Authors: Kwon K. Hazel , Gruzd Anatoliy
Published: July 2021

Purpose: 

The current study explores the spillover effects of offensive commenting in online community from the lens of emotional and behavioral contagion. Specifically, it examines the contagion of swearing –a linguistic mannerism that conveys high arousal emotion –based upon two mechanisms of contagion: mimicry and social interaction effect.

Design/methodology/approach:

The study performs a series of mixed-effect logistic regressions to investigate the contagious potential of offensive comments collected from YouTube in response to Donald Trump’s 2016 presidential campaign videos posted between January and April 2016.

Findings: 

The study examines non-random incidences of two types of swearing online: public and interpersonal. Findings suggest that a first-level (a.k.a. parent) comment’s public swearing tends to trigger chains of interpersonal swearing in the second-level (a.k.a. child) comments. Meanwhile, among the child-comments, a sequentially preceding comment’s swearing is contagious to the following comment only across the same swearing type. Based on the findings, the study concludes that offensive comments are contagious and have impact on shaping the community-wide linguistic norms of online user interactions.

Originality/value: 

The study discusses the ways in which an individual’s display of offensiveness may influence and shape discursive cultures on the Internet. This study delves into the mechanisms of text-based contagion by differentiating between mimicry effect and social interaction effect. While online emotional contagion research to this date has focused on the difference between positive and negative valence, Internet research that specifically look at the contagious potential of offensive expressions remain sparse.
An exploration of socioeconomic variation in lifestyle factors and adiposity in the Ontario Food Survey through structural equation modeling
Authors: Ward Heather , Tarasuk Valerie , Mendelson Rena , McKeown-Eyssen Gail
Published: July 2021

Background: Socioeconomic indicators have been inversely associated with overweight and obesity, with stronger associations observed among women. The objective of the present secondary analysis was to examine the relationships among socioeconomic measures and adiposity for men and women participating in the Ontario Food Survey (OFS), and to explore lifestyle factors as potential mediators of these associations.

Methods: The cross-sectional 1997/98 OFS collected anthropometric measurements, a food frequency questionnaire, data on socio-demographics (age, sex, income, and education) and physical activity from 620 women and 467 men, ages 18 to 75. Based on the 2003 Health Canada guidelines, waist circumference and BMI values were used to derive least risk, increased risk, and high risk adiposity groups. Structural equation modeling was conducted to examine increased risk and high risk adiposity in relation to education and income, with leisure time physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, and smoking status included as potential mediators of these associations.

Results: The probability of high risk adiposity was directly associated with education (beta-0.19, p < 0.05) and income (beta-0.22, p < 0.05) for women, but not for men. Fruit and vegetable intake was a marginally significant mediator of the relationship between education and high risk adiposity for women. Increased risk adiposity was not associated with income or education for men or women.

Conclusion: The socioeconomic context of adiposity continues to differ greatly between men and women. For women only in the OFS, fruit and vegetable intake contributed to the inverse association between education and high risk adiposity; however, additional explanatory factors are yet to be determined.
Numerical analysis of slot die coating of nanocellulosic materials
Authors: PANIKAVEETIL FUAAD , KUTTY AHAMED , KOPPOLU RAJESH , SWERIN AGNE , LUNDELL FREDRIK , TOIVAKKA MARTTI
Published: July 2021

Nanocellulosic coatings as a food packaging material are of commercial interest due to their nontoxic nature, renewability, and excellent barrier properties. Complex shear-thinning rheology poses challenges in designing and sizing equipment to pump, mix, and process the suspension and actual coating process.
This study aims to determine the effectiveness of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in predicting nanocellulosic suspension flow in light of existing rheological data. We employ and compare three distinct rheological models to characterize the rheology and flow of nanocellulose suspensions through a slot die coater, where the model parameters are established from existing slot rheometry measurements. A volume-of-fluid (VoF) based finite volume method is employed to simulate the flow in a slot die operated in an unconventional metering mode. Results with the Casson model predict the presence of unyielded regions in the flow, which was not captured using the power law model. These stagnation regions will incur coatability issues stemming from flow intermittencies and lead to potential defects in the coating layer, including fracture. The results suggest that a rheological model that includes yield stress should be considered while modeling such flows. A need for better rheological data to model nanocellulosic flows, especially at high consistencies and shear rates, is also highlighted.
Combatting lime kiln ringing problems at the Arauco Constitución mill
Authors: KEIM EDUARDO , ZUNIGA JORGE , TRAN HONGHI
Published: July 2021

The lime kiln at the Arauco Constitución mill experienced severe ringing problems requiring it to be shut down for ring removal every 3 to 6 months. The mill controlled the problems by blasting ring deposits off during operation with its existing industrial shotgun and a newly installed Cardox liquid carbon dioxide (CO2) cartridge system. Various ring blasting procedures were tested to determine the optimum ring location and thickness to blast; the optimum depth to insert the CO2 cartridge into the kiln; and the most effective blasting frequency and sequence to employ.
The best strategy was found to be the weekly blasting operation that alternated between the liquid CO2 cartridge and the industrial shotgun, with the CO2 cartridge inserted into the ring mass, 20 cm (8 in.) away from the refractory brick surface, and the shotgun aimed at rings at about 28 m (92 ft) from the kiln discharge end. With each blasting event removing considerably more rings than before, it takes a longer time for rings to rebuild, allowing the kiln to run continuously between annual maintenance shutdowns with only a few short (< 4 h) downtimes for ring removal. This substantially reduces the costs associated with ring removal and lime replacement during unscheduled shutdowns.
Wet pressing and product quality: Review of previous pilot machine trials
Authors: MCDONALD J. DAVID
Published: July 2021

The purpose of wet pressing is to remove water by mechanical means to consolidate the web and minimize the energy expended in the dryer section. In this process, paper is compacted and densified to degrees that impact end-use performance. Average density is increased by pressing, which has implications for grades where stiffness is important. The z-direction density gradients can affect printing and converting. Lastly, pressing affects surface quality of paper and its response to printing. Broadly speaking, the final press nip dominates the paper surface roughness and the early press nips affect printing performance.
Mill experience of calcium carbonate scale formation in green liquor pipelines
Authors: GIGLIO ALISHA , TRAN HONGHI , BJORK MARIA , WADSBORN RICKARD , LAGIMODIERE HAL , DION MOISE
Published: July 2021

Experience of hard calcite (CaCO3) scale formation in green liquor pipelines at four kraft pulp mills was systematically investigated to determine if there is any correlation between the severity of the scaling problem at each mill and the design and operating conditions of its causticizing plant. The results show that the high degree of supersaturation of calcium ions (Ca2+) in the liquor is the main contributing factor. Mills that operate at a lower green liquor total titratable alkali (TTA), higher causticity, and a larger liquor temperature drop are more likely to pro-duce a green liquor that is supersaturated with Ca2+, and thus experience more severe scaling problems. In order to minimize CaCO3 scaling, the green liquor handling equipment should be operated as steady as possible to avoid conditions that allow Ca2+ to be supersaturated. The strategies include minimizing variations in liquor TTA, insulating the green liquor pipelines to reduce temperature gradients, and adding lime mud to weak wash to provide seeds for precipitation to occur on mud particles instead of on metal substrate.
Soybean peroxidase treatment of ultra-high kappa softwood pulp to enhance yield and physical properties
Authors: NAITHANI VED , LUCIA LUCIAN , JAMEEL HASAN , HART PETER W.
Published: July 2021

The working hypothesis serving as basis for this study is that pulping to a higher kappa number will produce a higher yield pulp, and then treating that pulp with a surface reactive lignin peroxidase to ablate surface lignin will increase specific bonding area. In the present case, the working hypothesis was modified so that soybean peroxidase (SBP) works like lignin peroxidase to modify surface lignin on high-kappa, high-yield softwood pulps to facilitate enhanced fiber-to-fiber bonding such that the resulting paper strength is similar to the lower kappa soft-wood pulp generally used to make linerboard.
Soybean peroxidase is actually a plant peroxidase that exhibits lignin peroxidase-like activity. It is not a lignin peroxidase derived from white rot fungus. The current work did show a significant improvement in pulp yield (62.2% vs. 55.2% yield for a 103-kappa control linerboard grade sheet), while treatment with SBP showed that tensile, burst, and STFI properties of the pulp were improved, although more convincing data needs to be obtained.
Lignin carbohydrate complex studies during kraft pulping for producing paper grade pulp from birch
Authors: DESHPANDE RAGHU , SUNDVALL LARS , GRUNDBERG HANS , LAWOKO MARTIN , HENRIKSSON GUNNAR
Published: July 2021

Paper grade pulp production across the globe is dominated by the kraft process using different lignocellulosic raw materials. Delignification is achieved around 90% using different chemical treatments. A bottleneck for complete delignification is the presence of residual covalent bonds that prevail between lignin and carbohydrate even after severe chemical pulping and oxygen delignification steps. Different covalent bonds are present in native wood that sustain drastic pulping conditions. In this study, 100% birch wood was used for producing paper grade pulp, and the lignin carbohydrate bonds were analyzed at different stages of the kraft cook. The lignin carbohydrate bonds that were responsible for residual lignin retention in unbleached pulp were compared and analyzed with the original lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) bonds in native birch wood. It was shown that lignin remaining after pulping and oxygen delignification was mainly bound to xylan, whereas the lignin bound to glucomannan was for the most part degraded.
Repulping of wet strength paper towel with potassium monopersulfate
Authors: YANG R. , LUETTGEN C.
Published: July 2021

Potassium monopersulfate (KMPS) was used in repulping of polyamide-epichlorohydrin (PAE)-containing paper towel. The effectiveness of the repulping aid was compared with that of sodium hypochlorite. Addition of a 2.4% KMPS repulping aid achieved complete repulping of the paper towel, resulting in 88% screen yield and about 5% rejects. To reach a similar pulping result, two times the oxidative equivalent amount of sodium hypochlorite had to be used. Compared to the pulp fibers obtained from sodium hypochlorite repulping, those obtained from KMPS repulping had higher physical strength, longer fiber length, and lower fines content. This study demonstrated that KMPS was superior to sodium hypochlorite in repulping of PAE-containing paper towel in terms of effectiveness and pulp quality.
Key material properties in crease cracking of kraft paper
Authors: MIRZAEI BABAK , HARKSEN TREY , SMITH SWAN , PANEK JOEL
Published: July 2021

Crease cracking of paperboard is important to control for the appearance and structural integrity of packages. Crease cracking is affected by creasing operation variables, as well as the physical properties of the paperboard. However, the effects of the physical properties are not clearly known.
The objectives of this work were to identify the key material properties that affect crease cracking and to clarify the effects of fiber composition and starch. Laboratory sheets were produced from bleached and refined softwood and hardwood commercial pulp at grammage and thicknesses that match a typical paperboard. To mimic papermaking operations, surface starch was applied via a bench-top size press. The sheets were creased in the lab over a range of penetration depths, and reverse-side cracking was measured. The results showed that less reverse-side cracking was correlated with higher tensile post-peak energy, a lower bending stress, and a lower z-direction (ZD) stiffness. The tensile post-peak energy is a measure of the resistance to crack growth via fiber-bridging. The bending force and the ZD stiffness influence the forces that create cracks. It was observed that decreasing the ratio of hard-wood-to-softwood content and reducing the amount of starch would both decrease crease cracking.
Assessing variation in package modeling
Authors: FRANK BENJAMIN , KRUGER KYLE
Published: July 2021

Predictions from empirical models are affected by variability in the input parameters for the data set used to build the models. For corrugated boxes, the difference between actual and modeled compression strength creates a real cost associated with box production, often resulting in boxes that may need to be over-designed to compensate for a lack of model precision.
No work to date has attempted to assess the limitation in these compression estimates due to input parameter testing variability. In this paper we approach that problem, initially for the McKee equation and then conceptually for other box models. For our industry to do a better job at meeting the needs of our corrugated packaging customers, we need to reduce the variation in the tests we all rely on, particularly for evaluating material strength (edge crush test [ECT]) and package compression performance (box compression test [BCT]).
ANALISIS KUALITAS PRODUK KORAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE SIX SIGMA DAN FAILURE MODE AND EFFECT ANALYSIS (FMEA) DI PT. XYZ BALIKPAPAN
Authors: Sepriandini Frizkia , Ngatilah Yustina
Published: July 2021

PT. XYZ adalah sebuah perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang percetakan dan mempunyai beberapa anak cabang di seluruh wilayah Kalimantan Timur. Salah satu hasil produksi perusahaan ini adalah surat kabar harian atau koran. Adapun jumlah rata-rata produksi tahun 2019 adalah 908.489 eksemplar dan jumlah rata-rata produk cacat tahun 2019 sebesar 27.106 eksemplar. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui persentase kualitas dan nilai sigma, faktor-faktor penyebab kecacatan serta dampak yang ditimbulkan, dan memberikan usulan perbaikan kualitas produk. Metode yang diusulkan adalah Six Sigma dan Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). Adapun tahapan Six Sigma adalah define, measure, analyze, improve, dan control (DMAIC). Untuk metode Failure Modes and Effect Analysis (FMEA) digunakan pada tahap improve, yaitu untuk menganalisis akar penyebab tingginya kecacatan serta memberikan usulan perbaikan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan memiliki total jumlah kecacatan koran sebesar 198.606 eksemplar yang terdiri lembab, warna kabur, berbayang, dan tidak simetris. Saat ini, perusahaan berada di level 3,97 sigma sehingga perlu dilakukan perbaikan yang dilakukan untuk mencapai level 6 sigma. Dengan meenggunakan metode FMEA diketahui bahwa kecacatan yang mendominasi adalah cacat warna kabur. Adapun rekomendasi perbaikannya adalah mengganti tinta dengan tinta yang memiliki kepekatan lebih rendah, melakukan  pengecekkan kembali sebelum menyalakan mesin dan memperketat pengawasan proses cetak koran, menetapkan aturan dalam standar pengisian tinta, dan memberi pengarahan pada operator mengenai standar pengisian tinta.
ANALISIS PERANCANGAN ULANG TATA LETAK LANTAI PRODUKSI MENGGUNAKAN METODE AlGO-RITMA CRAFT DI PT. XYZ
Authors: Ferinanda Shafira Sausan , Rusindiyanto Rusindiyanto
Published: July 2021

Perancangan tata letak fasilitas lantai produksi haruslah direncanakan dengan sebaik mungkin agar tercipta tata letak fasilitas yang efisien dan optimal dengan panjang lintasan material handling yang pendek. PT. XYZ merupakan salah satu perusahaan manufaktur atau pabrik  yang memproduksi berbagai jenis sepatu. Layout lantai produksi yang sekarang diterapkan dirasa masih belum optimal karena jarak antar tiap stasiun cukup jauh maka menimbulkan biaya material  handling yang sedikit lebih besar serta apabila jarak antar stasiun memiliki jarak yang  cukup jauh maka akan menghabiskan lebih banyak waktu. Sehingga perlu dilakukan  perancangan ulang tata letak lantai produksi. Penyelesaian masalah dengan menggunakan metode algoritma, algoritma yang  digunakan yaitu algoritma CRAFT (Computerizad Relative Allocation of Facilities Techniques). CRAFT merupakan sebuah algoritma yang mencari perancangan optimal dengan melakukan perbaikan tata letak secara bertahap. Berdasarkan permasalahan diatas maka dibuatlah penelitian yang bertujuan untuk meminimumkan jarak perpindahan antar stasiun kerja dan meminimumkan ongkos material handling dengan perancangan ulang tata letak lantai produksi yang baik dengan menggunakan metode Algortma Craft (Computerized Relative Allocation of Facilities Techniques) di PT. XYZ . Hasil penelitian ini adalah pada layout awal didapatkan total jarak sebedar 53,5 meter sedangkan untuk hasil akhir total jarak setelah pengolahan data adalah 46 meter dengan selisih 7,5 meter dari layout awal. Pada layout awal didapatkan total cost material handling sebesar Rp 646.900,00 untuk satu kali putaran proses produksi sedangakan pada layout akhir didapatka hasil total cost adalah Rp. 449.392,40 dimana terdapat pengurangan Rp 197.507,60.

Kata Kunci: Tata Letak, Material Handling, CRAFT
EMBATES CULTURAIS ACERCA DAS ESCOLAS DO CAMPO: ENSINAR A RESPEITAR
Authors: Maria Vanessa Andriani
Published: July 2021

RESUMO: Este artigo tem por escopo expor os valores e críticas do cotidiano dos professores LGBT’s no ambiente escolar nas Escolas do Campo, transparecendo preconceitos vivenciados por estes educadores a respeito de sua orientação sexual. Partimos da escola, lugar privilegiado para o acesso à igualdade de gênero, instigando a reflexão sobre o papel da educação e seus professores nesse processo de enfrentamento à homofobia. Através de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, buscamos informações pertinentes a estas minorias. Os resultados sugerem que há muito a avançar nesse campo em busca de uma sociedade mais justa e igualitária que sugere opressões de gênero dentro dos espaços institucionais.Palavras Chave: Campo; Diversidade, Educação.
A RESISTÊNCIA DO CAMPESINATO NO SERTÃO DE ALAGOAS
Authors: Cosme Claudemir Martins , Pereira Monica Cox de Britto
Published: July 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo estudar o processo de recriação do campesinato assentado, a partir das lutas e das resistências dessa fração da classe camponesa na conquista dos assentamentos rurais, como forma de possibilitar a sua existência social em meio às contradições do capital. O recorte espacial escolhido para estudo foram cinco assentamentos rurais espacializados na mesorregião do Sertão do estado de Alagoas. Interpretamos o espaço agrário e a recriação camponesa com base na vertente teórica do desenvolvimento contraditório, desigual e combinado do capital e do seu caráter rentista no bojo das especificidades históricas da formação territorial capitalista brasileira. Pretendemos demonstrar a recriação do campesinato, materializada na transformação do Sem Terra em assentado, nessa formação territorial marcada historicamente por processos de contrarreforma agrária.Palavras-chave: Assentamentos rurais. Campesinato assentado. Contrarreforma agrária. Resistência camponesa. Alagoas.
LOCAL MEANS OF THERMAL DIAGNOSTIC CONTROL OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT FUNCTIONALITY
Authors: Yesaulov S. , Kovalenko A. , Babicheva O. , Khuruzha D.
Published: July 2021

Attention is drawn to the lack in many municipal transport models of off-line testing engineering tools of on-board parameters and assessment of electromechanical equipment in real time. These development restraints are caused by stagnation of engineering decisions that can be eliminated with the help of the unlimited possibilities of modern microelectronics. It has been considered an example of thermal control of electrical equipment during its operations. The popularity of the thermal method of equipment control is confirmed by its application not only in transport, but also in electromechanical devices. It has been considered methods of using several thermal transducers for collecting data and forming matrices characterizing a certain class of breakdowns. The most important matrix is ​​the initial one, which refers to the serviceable equipment at the beginning of equipment operations. Due to increased reliability of data, it is advisable to develop effective methods for selective selection of initial values. The paper drew attention to the possibility of solving such problems by software with the implementation of comparison methods, sorting options, etc. The peculiarity of algorithms development for such auxiliary operations is due to the possibility of creating data arrays for the practical identification of possible failures, both in individual parts of the equipment and in the set of components as a whole. It has been presented the results of the binary representation of intermediate and final information messages, which greatly simplify the implementation of diagnostic examination tools. Modeling in the Matlab environment confirmed acceptability of proposed engineering decisions adapted for their implementation by means of processors with RISC-architecture. Despite the fact that binary methods of breakdowns technical appraisal will always differ much more inaccuracy than those made on the basis of direct measurements, proposed autonomous local binary experts in onboard versions of their implementation in transport are less labor-intensive, do not require maintenance, are economical and may turn out to be good helpers to prevent possible equipment failures when operating vehicles on passenger service lines.
SMART CITY IN THE CONTEXT OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Boyko V. , Vasilenko M. , Novikov V. , Rachuk V.
Published: July 2021

The article analyzes how the use of digital technologies through working databases improves the infrastructure of the "smart city", improving the integrated information environment of the" smart city", synchronizing information between databases. The general benefits of digital transformation, the lack of trivial application protection, generally accepted approaches to data protection, and the use of blockchain to protect data in the smart city ecosystem are considered. It is shown that with certain urban initiatives and with a tight link between information systems within a "smart city", it is possible to organize services that do not require initial user participation at all. Among the requirements for successful digital transformation, there are requirements for developing a strategy, team motivation, adapting staff to new teams, and introducing new technologies specific to the urban environment. In particular, there are increased requirements for the speed of response, that is, how quickly the smart city system can bring the necessary services to the market and how quickly it allows them to comply with the legislation. Attention is drawn to the following generally accepted approaches to data protection: data protection in the application using a strong cryptographic system with symmetric keys, data protection in the application using a strong cryptographic system with asymmetric keys, with possible participation of the customer, flourishing data exchange. The use of cryptographic systems with blockchain technologies allows you to create new strategies for privacy and speed of information exchange and management. An important component of such a system is the "key", which represents the first link in the blockchain chain and can be stored outside the system and used for various checks in the activities of divisions of the apparatus of local and municipal enterprises of the city. From a scientific point of view, the use of blockchain technologies in the future leads to the need for interdisciplinary research and their application for various applications to determine the strategies and social consequences of such application.
Sağlık Okuryazarlığının Diyet Kalitesine Etkisi
Authors: Yılmaz Müge , Yaşar Fırat Yağmur , Gül Fatma Hazan , Atuk Kahraman Tutku
Published: July 2021

Amaç: Bu kesitsel araştırma, üniversite öğrencilerinin sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyinin diyet kalitesine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür.

Bireyler ve yöntem: Çalışmaya Erciyes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü (BD), Turizm Fakültesi (TF) ve Spor Bilimleri Fakültesindeki (SB) 580 gönüllü öğrenci dâhil edilmiştir. Sağlık okuryazarlığı “En Yeni Yaşamsal Bulgu Testiyle (NVS)”, diyet kalitesi “Sağlıklı Yeme İndeksi-2015 (SYİ-2105)”le saptanmıştır. Veriler yüz yüze görüşme yöntemiyle toplanmış, antropometrik ölçümler yapılmıştır. p<0.05 değeri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edilmiştir.

Bulgular: Yeterli sağlık okuryazarlığı olanların oranı sırasıyla en yüksek BD (%99.2), daha sonra SB (%53.2), en az TF (%31.2) öğrencilerinindir (p<0.001). Sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyinin TF (2.59±1.97) ve SB (3.48±1.87) öğrencilerinin sınırlı, BD öğrencilerinin (5.55±0.68) yeterli olduğu saptanmıştır. Sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyi yeterli olan öğrencilerin SYİ-2015 puanı (56.30±9.73), sınırlı (54.26±9.61) ve yüksek olasılıklı sınırlı (53.77±9.52) olanlardan anlamlı olarak daha yüksektir (p=0.037) Sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyi ile diyet kalitesi arasında pozitif yönlü zayıf anlamlı korelasyon saptanmıştır (rho=0.123, p=0.003). Bireylerin bel çevresi ve bel/kalça oranıyla NVS puanı, bel/kalça oranıyla SYİ-2015 puanı arasında negatif yönlü zayıf korelasyon bulunmuştur (p<0.05).

Sonuç: Sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyindeki artış diyetin kalitesini olumlu yönde etkilemekte, daha sağlıklı beslenme alışkanlığına sahip olunduğunu göstermektedir. BD öğrencilerinin sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyinin ve diyet kalitelerinin SB ve TF öğrencilerine göre yüksek olması beklenen bir sonuçtur. Ancak BD öğrencileri için de SYİ-2015 puanı beklenenin altındadır ve diyetlerinin kalitelilerinin iyileştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Beslenmeyle yakından ilişkili olan TF ve SB fakültelerinin eğitim müfredatlarındaki beslenme ile ilgili derslerin sayısı ve saatlerinin artırılması önerilir.
Pregnancy and Delivery with Cardiac Disease in Dr. Soetomo Hospital 2018
Authors: Rahayu Ana Puji , Gumilar Khanisyah Erza
Published: July 2021

Background: Cardiac disease is one of the non obstetric problems causing mortality both in pregnancy and labor due to the complications. Preventions for the complications have not been implemented, thus the number of patients which have cardiac disease with complications and perinatal outcome with low birth weight is still high. Objective : To identify maternal and neonatal outcome of pregnant women with cardiac disease in dr. Soetomo Surabaya hospital in 2018. Method: Descriptive retrospective study using medical records in dr. Soetomo Surabaya hospital 2018. Result: We found 1433 pregnancy cases with 51 (3,6 %) patients were having cardiac disease and included in this research. The most common maternal complication was pulmonary hypertension 16 cases. A dead case was found 1 case (1,9 %) with eissenmenger syndrome. We found the perinatal outcome of 30 babies (58.8%) born with a weight of 2500 gram and under. There are 7 patients with cardiac disease that have been corrected (13,7%). Among those 7 patients, 6 had a perinatal outcome with a birth weight of more than 2500 gram. Conclusion : Most pregnant patients with cardiac disease in dr. Soetomo Surabaya hospital 2018 are already having some complications with perinatal outcomes of low birth weight. Therefore, management of cardiac disease in pregnancy to prevent complications by means of preconception counseling, good antenatal care, and appropriate referrels are still needed to improve the quality of maternal and neonatal outcomes.
MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN ABOUT DIFFERENT ANIMALS
Authors: Miscevic Kadijevic Gordana
Published: July 2021

Adequate mental representations of animals are important for children’s personal development, because they result in their appropriate treatment of such animals, which would not, for example, compromise either animals’ or children’s safety. By using a convenient sample of 101 six- to seven-year old children, this research examined these representations regarding animals’ names, feeding habits, body coverings, and dangerousness. The representations were assessed using a questionnaire referring to 18 animals, and the research focused on the frequency of correct responses and gender differences in these responses for each animal. It was found that whereas the naming of animals was very successful, the mental representations of animals’ feeding habits and body coverings were less mature, including some misconceptions not found in previous studies. In addition, the participants’ explanations about why animals are dangerous or harmless revealed that their mental representations about different animals were correct to a moderate degree. Finally, gender differences in the mental representations were almost missing. Some implications for school or kindergarten work with children are given (e.g., reducing misconceptions about and fear of some animals). Keywords: didactically modeled activities, mental representations of animals, preschool children, preschool education.
DIRECT LEARNING ABOUT NATURE IN 6-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN LIVING IN URBAN AND RURAL ENVIRONMENTS AND THE LEVEL OF THEIR KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS
Authors: Nazaruk Stanisława Katarzyna , Klim-Klimaszewska Anna
Published: July 2021

The contemporary theory of learning treats pre-school instruction as the first level of early child education. The pre-school age is seen as a very important period of life. A pre-school child grasps knowledge spontaneously, naturally, in all circumstances, thus, direct learning seems to be of particular importance. It may therefore seem that children living in the village have more stimuli for direct learning about nature, developing their knowledge and skills. However, children living in the city have more access to different amenities and financial resources to develop their talents and interests. The following studies have been conducted to determine whether there is a difference in the knowledge and skills about nature in 6-year-old children regarding the place of residence. The research covered 50 children in the city and 40 children in the village. The examination consisted of two stages: the pre-test and post-test. There were used age-appropriate flash cards. During 6 months, teachers systematically introduced a direct learning project on nature in four ecosystems: a meadow, a park, a forest, a zoo. The analysis of the data gathered in the research showed that direct cognition has an impact on increasing children's knowledge and skills. Key words: direct learning, children in 6-year-old, urban and rural environments, developing knowledge and skills.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF AN INSTRUMENT MEASURING ANXIETY TOWARD PHYSICS LABORATORY CLASSES AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Kurbanoğlu Namudar İzzet , Takunyacı Mithat
Published: July 2021

The learning in the physics laboratory is related to several non-cognitive variables such as anxiety which has a significant role in teaching and learning process. Therefore, university students may have different thoughts and anxiety levels towards physics laboratory class. The aim of this research was to develop a measurement tool assessing the anxiety levels of university students in a physics laboratory class. In this research the Physics Laboratory Anxiety Scale (P-LAS) consisting of 18 items was developed, and its validity and reliability were analysed. The sample consisted of 557 university students (295 female and 262 male) who take physics and/or physics laboratory classes at three different Faculties of Education. Validity of the scale was first assessed by expert review. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to assess structural validity, and revealed a one-dimensional structure. The loading values of all 18 items varied between 0.58 and 0.80, and explained 52% of the total variance. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of internal consistency was calculated as 0.94 and the split-half test correlation was 0.76. These results showed that P-LAS can be used as a valid and reliable instrument in physics education. Keywords: physics education, physics laboratory anxiety, scale validity and reliability, university students.
PERBANDINGAN UNJUK KINERJA BERBAGAI TIPE pH METER DIGITAL DI LABORATORIUM KIMIA
Authors: Devirizanty Devirizanty , Nurmalawati Susiana , Hartanto Candra
Published: July 2021

Laboratorium Kimia FMIPA UNIB adalah laboratorium yang berkecimpung dalam hal pelayanan pendidikan, penelitian, analisa dan pengabdian kepada masyarakat. Dalam bidang kimia, pengukuran analitik memiliki peranan yang sangat penting. Tujuan dari pengukuran analitik ini adalah untuk menentukan nilai sebenarnya dari suatu parameter kuantitas kimia, contohnya seperti: konsentrasi, pH, dan lain-lain. Pengukuran analitik ini dapat menggunakan metode konvensional maupun modern, baik secara kualitatif maupun kuantitatif.. Dalam setiap pengukuran analitik akan sangat dipengaruhi pengerjaan prosedur yang baik dan benar dan kompetensi dari analis serta pengguna lainnya. Dimana jika peralatan yang dipakai valid dan akurat serta dikerjakan oleh personil yang kompetens maka akan dapat memberikan kontribusi terhadap hasil pengukuran. Setelah dilakukan uji akurasi, presisi dan cek antara pada penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa ketiga jenis Ph Meter yang yang ada di Laboratorium Kimia yaitu pH meter type PH-108 merck ATC, pH meter HI98107 merck Hanna dan pH meter HI 5521/HI 5522 merck Hanna, memiliki unjuk kinerja yang bagus dan akurat, sehingga masih layak dipakai untuk pengujian, praktikum dan layanan pelanggan.
The Effect of Picture-Cued Task towards Students’ Motivation in Learning Writing
Authors: Astuti Warih , Suadiyatno Taufik
Published: July 2021

This study intended to find out the effect of Picture-Cued Task towards Students’ Motivation in Learning Writing at SMPN 3 Lingsar in the academic year  2018/2019. The population of the second grade of SMPN 3 Lingsar was 120 students and the researchers took VIII-B class as an Experimental group and VIII-D as a Control group. The Experimental group was treated by Picture-Cued Task and the Control group was treated by Mind Mapping. The instruments that were used to collect the data were tests and questionnaires. The data was analyzed by using Quantitative research and the way researchers analyzed the data was by; scoring, percentile meanings, and impacts. The Quantitative Data showed that the students were able to arrange their grammar and vocabularies well when making short sentences through Picture-Cued Task. Those students were enthusiastically joined the class even though they were wondering what to do with pictures. In Quantitative Data, the researchers found; Mean = 26,07, Median = 25, Mode = 20 and Standard Deviation = 6,434. The t-test score was 6,392 and the t-table was 1,67 in significance level 0,05 with the degree of freedom 54,  therefore, the score of the t-test is higher than the t-table. Based on the data finding and discussion, it can be concluded that the use of Picture-Cued Task has a positive effect to motivate students in learning writing.
Uso de plantas medicinais por indivíduos de uma comunidade do Acre
Authors: Costa Ruth  Silva Lima da , Tavares Vanessa Victoria Alnert Vieira , Dourado Eduardo Souza , Costa Vanessa Holanda de Souza Ribeiro da , Lameira Yara Costa , Américo Priscila Santos , Santos Raquel Rodrigues dos
Published: July 2021

O objetivo foi demonstar o uso de plantas medicinais por indivíduos de uma comunidade do Acre. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, elaborado a partir de entrevistas realizadas  junto a 21 indivíduos, de ambos os sexos, residentes nas adjacências de um bairro periférico do município de Rio Branco - Acre, em cuja localidade se encontra uma horta comunitária com o cultivo de plantas medicinais. A população participante do estudo, pertencia em sua maioria ao sexo feminino, dentro da faixa etária de 54 a 80 anos e faziam uso de plantas medicinais frequentemente, além de as indicar para familiares e amigos. A maioria aprendeu sobre o uso das plantas com as mães e as avós.  Cerca de 32 espécies foram citadas como utilizadas para os mais variados tratamentos, sendo que a maioria utilizava as ervas em forma de chá. Eles expressaram que as práticas do uso de fitoterápicos podem colaborar com a melhora do estado de saúde de quem faz uso delas e que acreditavam no poder de cura das mesmas, pois tiveram experiências próprias a partir do seu uso. A população estudada,  utiliza as  plantas medicinais, embasadas apenas em seu conhecimento popular tradicional e na indicação de outros, o que evidencia a necessidade da realização de  pesquisas para o melhor conhecimento e difusão de informações das propriedades terapêuticas e tóxicas  afim de se evitar futuras complicações.