bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In vivo antimalarial activity of the crude leaf extract of Combretum molle against Plasmodium berghei in mice
Authors: Shibeshi Melkamu Adigo , Aragaw Tezera Jemere , Adinew Getnet Mequanint , Enyew Engdaw Fentahun
Published: February 2020

Background Malaria is an infectious, hematologic disease causing death and illness in children and adults, especially in tropical countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimalarial activity of Combretum molle extract in vivo assays against Plasmodium berghei in Swiss albino mice. Methods Plasmodium berghei a rodent malaria parasite was inoculated to healthy Swiss Albino mice age 6–8 weeks either sex, weight 20–33g. 100, 200 and 400mg/kg/day of Crude methanolic extract of Combretum molle were administered. Parameters such as Percent parasitemia, body weight, Body temperature, packed cell volume and survival time were then determined using standard tests. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by the Post hoc Tukey HSD test with SPSS software version 24.0 and P ≤0.05 considered as statistically significant. Results Chemosuppresive effect exerted by the crude extract ranged between 27-68%. The curative effect of the crude extract was in the range of 25-49% and ptophylactic effect of the crude extract was in the range of 51–76.2%%. The maximum effect in all tests on Chemosuppresive, curative, Prophylactic, prevention of weight loss, body temperature and packed cell volume and an increase in mean survival time was observed at higher doses of the crude extract. Conclusion From the present study it can be concluded that the crude extract of Combretum molle leaves has been shown promising antimalarial activity. This finding supports the traditional use of the plant for the treatment of malaria in Ethiopia. Thus, it could be considered as a potential source to develop safe, effective and affordable antimalarial agent.
Molecular identification and evolutionary relationships between the subspecies of Musa by DNA barcodes
Authors: Selvaraj Dhivya , I Ashutosh , I Gowtham , V Baskar , A Baala harini , S Mukunthakumar , R Sathishkumar
Published: February 2020

Background: The banana ( Musa sp., AAA ) genome is constantly increasing due to high frequency somaclonal variations. Due to its large diversity, a conventional numerical and morphological based taxonomic identification of banana cultivars is laborious, difficult, and often is a subject of disagreements. Results: In study, we used ITS2 region to identify and determine the genetic relationship between the cultivars and varieties of banana. Herein, a total of 16 banana cultivars were PCR amplified using ITS2 region. In addition, 321 sequences were retrieved from GenBank, USA, and used for the study. The sequences were aligned using Clustal W and genetic distances computed using MEGA V5.1. The significant divergence between the intra- and -specific genetic distances of ITS2 region was observed and the presence of a DNA barcoding gap was obvious. Based on BLAST1 and Distance methods, the results proved that ITS2 region can be successfully identified and distinguished for the cultivar and varieties of banana. Secondly, in this study, ITS2 revealed the relations between the cultivar and varieties of banana. Conclusion: Thus, from this study, it is clear that ITS2 is not only an efficient DNA barcode to identify the banana species but also a potential candidate to study phylogenetic relationships between subspecies and cultivars. This is the first comprehensive study to categorically distinguish the economically important banana sub-species and varieties using DNA barcodes and to understand its evolutionary relationship
Economic Burden of HIV/AIDS Infection in Iran; a Modelling Approach
Authors: Ghiasvand Hesam , Shamseddin Jebreil , Biglarian Akbar
Published: February 2020

Background HIV/AIDS infection is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developing and poor countries. It may potentially lead to economic burden on health system. Prevalence of HIV/AIDS infection in is a debatable issue among researchers, and as our best knowledge, there is lack in economic evidence in this regard in Iran. The purpose of this study is calculating the economic burden of HIV/AIDS infection in Iran in 2016. Methods We used a societal perspective to capture the direct and indirect costs attributed to HIV/AIDS infection in until end of 2016. We used a prevalence model based approach to estimate the costs of the infection in Iran. For developing our model, we used the Iran Ministry of Health National Guideline for Managing of the infection of Iran by health and medical practitioners. We analysed the HIV/AIDS Surveillance System in three base case, optimistic and pessimistic approaches as our sensitivity analysis. Results Total direct costs and indirect costs attributed to the HIV/AIDS infection were 7,946,530 and 1,288,586 US$ until end of 2016. In addition, the total cost is 8,785,116. Conclusions Direct costs form approximately 85% of total costs of HIV/AIDS infection in Iran. However, we should consider that these costs are just for about 14.3% of diagnosed people who are under Antiretroviral Therapy, therefor if the government wants to scale up ART to large proportion of the population, it expectedly will raise.
Clinical characteristics and risk factors of Fulminant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children
Authors: ling yaoyao , Zhang Tongqiang , Zhu Zhenli , Tian Jiao , xu yongsheng , Cai Chunquan
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND: Analyze the clinical characteristics of Fulminant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (FMPP), and explore the related factors predicting FMPP. METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was performed on 345 children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) hospitalized in our Hospital from January 2017 to June 2019. The clinical features, laboratory data and radiological findings were compared between the FMPP group, refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP)group and general Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (GMPP) group. RESULTS: FMPP patients (n=69) had more severe presentations, higher incidence of extra-pulmonary complications and more serious radiological findings(P<0.05). And the days of fever and the days in hospital were longer, and FMPP patients also need more complicated treatments(P<0.05). Meanwhile, the levels of white blood cell count(WBC) ,C-reactive protein(CRP), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), interleukin (IL)-6,ferritin, D-dimer, fibrinogen(FG),alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and the percentage of neutrophils in the FMPP group were significantly higher than those in the RMPP group and the GMPP group (both P<0.05). In ROC curve analysis, the percentage of neutrophils, WBC, CRP, LDH, IL-6, ferritin, D-dimer and ALT were contributed to identify FMPP patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ferritin>174.15 ng/mL, IL-6>25.475pg/ml and pleural effusion had significant predictive effects on the early diagnosis of FMPP (P<0.01). Conclusion: FMPP patients presented more serious clinical manifestations. Ferritin>174.15 ng/mL, IL-6>25.475pg/ml and pleural effusion were high risk factors for FMPP.
A controlled process of corn sowing as a function of of seed dispensation and working speeds
Authors: Ormond Antonio Tassio Santana , Kazama Elizabeth Haruna , Gírio Lucas Augusto da Silva , Carneiro Franciele Morlin , Voltarelli Murilo Aparecido , Furlani Carlos Eduardo Angeli
Published: February 2020

An appropriate sowing process is one of the steps that need immediate attention in crop sciences, because it may compromise the profitability of crops. An effective sowing process requires correctly spaced seedlings with the right depth in order to obtain an appropriate and uniform stand. In this context, statistical control is an option that allows evaluation of the agricultural process. Our objective in this study was to evaluate the quality of maize sowing as a function of planting density and working speeds. The statistical design used was based on the methodology of statistical quality control, corresponding to 4 seed dispensers from different manufacturers denoted DA, DB, DC, and DD with two speeds for each (V1 = 7.0 km h-1 and V2 = 11.5 km h-1). Data were collected from 10 replicates for each of the 4 seed dispensers, totaling 40 samples, at each working speed. The following parameters were evaluated: Sowing depth, longitudinal distribution of seedlings, initial and final plant population, and corn grain yield for the hybrid 30F35YH variety. The statistical process control offers an interesting and reliable mean of evaluating the quality of the sowing process. The seed dispenser, DC, exhibited a better quality of sowing as compared to others. The highest percentage of normal spacing was observed at the lower displacement speed for the seed dispensers, DB, DC, and DD. These seed dispensers also showed higher productivity as compared to other seed dispensers.
Application of signal correction for Sphenophorus levis control and higher quality production in mechanized harvesting of sugarcane ratoon
Authors: Noronha Rafael Henrique de Freitas , Oliveira Mailson Freire de , Mendes Arthur Laurentiz , Damasceno André Ferreira , Zerbato Cristiano , Furlani Carlos Eduardo Angeli
Published: February 2020

Higher quality mechanized agricultural operations can be achieved with the use of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signal positioning tools (correction signals), allowing a higher accuracy, which is extremely important to reduce operating costs and waste of inputs, in addition to allowing a more effective pest control. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of the mean execution error of the positioning and pass-to-pass design in the operation of sugarcane ratoon cutting and insecticide application. Furthermore, the efficiency of controlling Sphenophorus levis through non-automatic steering (NS) and use of autopilot (RTX and RTK correction signals) in a sugarcane production plot of an experimental area located in the city of Motuca, SP, Brazil were evaluated for a total of 150 points by means of the statistical process control, analysis of variance, and descriptive statistics. Fipronil was the insecticide used for S. levis control. The evaluations consisted of the measurement of the mean execution error of the project during tractor operation in ten strides and five replications, in addition to the pass-to-pass (parallelism error) error between strides of the tractor-ratoon cutter assembly. In all strides, the mean execution error and mean error of the tractor-seeder assembly were within both the acceptable limit and the stipulated by the signal manufacturer, with values lower than 3.8 cm. The control charts were efficient to evaluate the behavior of RTX signal quality, facilitating the visualization within the limits of the project execution errors and pass-to-pass, in addition to contributing with an S. levis control 27.16% higher than the conventional control in the cutting operation of sugarcane ratoon.
Dung decomposition of cattle grazing from mixed pastures of Signalgrass (Brachiaria decumbens Stapf.) and tree legumes
Authors: Lira Carolina C. , Dubeux Jose C. B. , Santos Jr., Erick R. S. , Santos Mércia V.F. dos , Freitas Erinaldo V. de
Published: February 2020

The mineralization rate of ruminant manure may influence the fertilization management of pastures. This study aimed to evaluate feces decomposition of heifers grazing signalgrass (Brachiaria decumbens Stapf.) fertilized or not with N, or intercropped with legumes in the dry forest region. Two experiments were conducted; the first one was a CRD that evaluated the evolution of CO2 from a mixture of soil and feces (10:1) during 22 days of incubation in a hermetically sealed bucket with a solution of NaOH 0.5 mol L-1. The second one was a RCBD that evaluated the in situ decomposition of feces in nylon bags in time periods 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 and 256 days after incubation above ground. The single negative exponential mathematical model was adequate (P ≤ 0.0001) to quantify the CO2 evolution of the mixture of soil and feces, indicating that 78% of CO2 was released at the beginning of the incubation, especially for the feces collected in the signalgrass pastures intercropped with Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp. (gliricídia). After the first 5 days, CO2 evolution was more stable. Remaining biomass in the litterbag along decomposition fitted the single negative exponential model (P < 0.001). Greater relative decomposition rate (k) of bovine fecal biomass occurred for the N-fertilized signalgrass treatment (k = 0.0031 g g-1 day-1) and a lesser rate for the treatment intercropped with Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. (sabiá) (k = 0.0018 g g-1 day-1). Nitrogen fertilization in signalgrass pasture favored the decomposition of bovine feces at the end of 256 days of incubation.
Genetic diversity and structure of walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes from Middle and High Atlas mountains of Morocco as investigated by Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers
Authors: KABIRI Ghizlane , BOUDA Said , ELHANSALI Mohammed , HADDIOUI Abdelmajid
Published: February 2020

The genetic diversity and genotypes structure of walnut (Juglans regia L.) are essential to understand and manage genetic resources of this species, as well as for further progress in breeding programs. ISSR markers were used to assess the genetic diversity of 66 individuals’ trees from 11 accessions, representing the main cropping area of walnut belonging to two ranges types of Mountain in Morocco: middle and high Atlas. Eleven ISSR primers rendered a total of 135 bands (91%) with 0.88 polymorphic information content. The utilization of 123 polymorphic bands revealed a high level of genetic variation within and among the examined accessions. The multi-locus values of Ht and Hs were 0.25 and 0.20, respectively. The AMOVA analysis showed that 71.30% of total genetic variability is accounted within accessions and 28.70% between accessions. This was congruent with the coefficient of genetic differentiation (GST=0.16). Bayesian model-based clustering approach identified three gene pools that were not correlated with mountain range type. This is the first application of ISSR markers for the assessment of genetic diversity in Moroccan germplasm of walnut. This information will be useful to define conservation strategies and improvement programs of this species.
Bioactive compounds and fruit quality traits of Vesuvian apricot cultivars (Prunus armeniaca L.)
and use of skin cover colour as a harvesting index
Authors: Vaio Claudio Di , Cirillo Chiara , Pannico Antonio , Graziani Giulia , Ritieni Alberto , Famiani Franco
Published: February 2020

The qualitative/nutritional characteristics of apricots mainly depend on cultivar, cultivation area and ripening stage. Thus, it is important to characterise different cultivars and harvest fruits at the optimum time. There is no conclusive evidence about harvesting indexes in apricot for decision making about the best harvesting time. Moreover, little is known about fruit qualitative/nutritional characteristics of autochthonous cultivars of the Campania region (Italy), mainly grown in the area of Vesuvius volcano. Therefore, fruit attributes of the Vesuvian cultivars Ceccona, Vitillo, and Pellecchiella were evaluated during ripening with the aim of characterizing the qualitative/nutritional value of the fruit and specifying a reliable harvesting index. Cultivar, picking time and skin cover colour affected all the fruit qualitative/nutritional attributes considered. For the first time, a number of minor phenolic compounds were quantified in apricot. Ceccona was the richest in phenolic compounds, while Pellecchiella had the highest trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). During ripening, the TEAC decreased on a per-gram basis and increased on a per-fruit-basis. Cultivar, picking time and skin cover colour had a great influence in determining the qualitative/nutritional value of the apricots, and overall Pellecchiella showed the best characteristics. The skin cover colour percentage may be a suitable harvesting index for the traditional Vesuvian apricot cultivars. A comprehensive description of the phenolic compounds and a dilution effect on apricot fruit TEAC is reported for the first time.
Response of physalis (Physalis peruviana L.) to liming in acidic soils
Authors: Neto Ari Medeiros Braga , Silva Enilson de Barros , Cruz Maria do Céu Monteiro da , Lage Patrícia , Gonçalves Emerson Dias , Silva Luiz Fernando Oliveira , Lima Ramony Cristina , Santos Viktor Kayro Souza
Published: February 2020

Physalis is an herbaceous plant that produces edible fruits with a bittersweet flavor. This species has a high cropping potential attracting attention of farmers, traders and consumers. The effects of soil acidity indices on nutrient uptake, optimal growth, yield and fruit quality of physalis in acidic soils were evaluated. The study was conducted in a greenhouse with four lime requirements in completely randomized design and five replications. Dolomitic limestone was applied to the soils at rates of 0, 0.6, 1.4, and 2.3 t ha-1 (Typic Quartzipsamment) and 0, 0.8, 1.8, and 2.8 t ha-1 (Rhodic Hapludox). Plant height, stem diameter, shoot and root dry weight, longitudinal and transverse diameters of the fruits, macro and micronutrient concentrations in leaves, and soil chemical properties were evaluated. Liming is an essential practice for the cultivation of Physalis peruviana L. in the acidic soils, where it is aimed to achieve higher yields and quality fruit. The results highlighted the high demands of physalis for Ca, Mg, and base saturation, and low tolerance to aluminum in the soil. Maximum growth, yield and fruit quality was obtained with the application of 1.8 t lime ha-1 for both soils. The determined standards for pH in water, tolerated aluminum saturation, desired base saturation and calcium and magnesium requirements were 6.4, 5.0 %, 67 % and 25,8 mmolc dm-3, respectively.
Physiological responses and post-stress recovery in field-grown maize exposed to high temperatures at flowering
Authors: Neiff Nicolás , Ploschuk Edmundo L. , Valentinuz Oscar R. , Andrade Fernando H.
Published: February 2020

Heat stress affects physiological traits and biomass production in major crops, including maize. We researched the responses of maximum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), relative cell injury (RCI), stomatal conductance (gs), internal CO2 concentration (Ci), leaf photosynthesis (CER), and crop growth rate (CGR) in two maize cultivars exposed to high temperatures around silking (R1) under field conditions. Temperature regimes (i.e. control and heat) were performed during the pre-silking (–15d R1 to R1) and post-silking (R1+2d to R1+17d) periods. In the heat treatments, polyethylene shelters were used in order to increase daytime temperatures around midday (from 10 A.M. to 2 P.M.) during each period (i.e., pre- and post-silking). In the control treatments, the shelters remained open during the entire growing season. Gas exchange variables, Fv/Fm and relative cell injury (RCI) were measured on ear leaves. CGR was estimated based on biomass samples. CER and Fv/Fm presented maximum reductions at the end of the daytime heating. However, 30 min after the shelters were reopened, Fv/Fm of heated leaves reached values similar to controls, which were closely linked to CER recoveries. RCI was negatively associated with Fv/Fm, and cell injury increased gradually as heating continued. Ci was unaffected by heat treatment, indicating that gs was not the primary cause of CER reduction. Heat stress decreased CGR, and the reduction was positively associated with CER and Fv/Fm in both heating periods. We attempted to scale from cell to crop level and identify some physiological traits that could be helpful in breeding programs for heat stress tolerance.
Organic fertilization with turkey litter for maize cultivation in tropical region
Authors: Ribeiro Diego Oliveira , Castoldi Gustavo , Carballal Manuel Rodriguez , Freiberger Mariângela Brito , Xavier Warlles Domingos , Silva Franciele de Freitas , Silva Andrisley Joaquim da , Santos Raphael Krauspenhar de Oliveira , Santos Gildomar Alves dos
Published: February 2020

Residues from agroindustry activity have been commonly used as a source of fertilizer for fertilization of annual crops. Sometimes these residues can replace the mineral fertilizers totally or partially, while their effects can be extended to the soil attributes. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of replacing conventional chemical fertilization with organic fertilization using turkey litter on maize grain yield and in the chemical attributes of an Oxisol in tropical region. The experiment was carried out in two crop seasons with various quantities of turkey litter, or in blend with chemical fertilizers, in a randomized block design with six treatments and five replicates. The treatments were as follows: T1 – Control treatment; T2 – Chemical fertilization with 450 kg ha-1 of 10-27-10 (NPK); T3 – Application of 3,800 kg ha-1 of turkey litter; T4 – Application of 7,600 kg ha-1 of turkey litter; T5 – Chemical fertilization with 450 kg ha-1 of 10-27-10 + 1900 kg ha-1 of turkey litter; T6 – Chemical fertilization with 450 kg ha-1 of 10-27-10 + 3,800 kg ha-1 of turkey litter. The organic fertilization with turkey litter presented potential for total or partial replacement of chemicals fertilization for maize cultivation with no loss in grain yield. Therefore, the treatments of T3 and T5 could be recommended to farmers at a lower cost. The treatment T4 increased the P and K contents in the soil, reaching to 24 mg dm-3 and 3.1 cmoc dm-3, respectively, after two crop seasons.
When ralph ellison unmutes the silences of history in invisible man
Authors: Sy Ousseynou
Published: February 2020

This paper deals with Ellison’s ahistoriographic or counterhistory/ countermemory discourse that narrates the marginality of the African-American community. To craft his ahistoriographic discourse, Ellison uses sequels of the past, and tropes of carcerality and segregation to bring to the fore the process and politics of otherization that have set the African-American community away from linear time and progress. Ellison’s counterhistory or countermemory discourse “revises received American history by inscribing the history of Blacks in America” (252), as Greene argues. Therefore, Ellison’s ahistoriographic discourse is also a discourse of marginality that digs up the archives to rewrite the other side of suppressed and erased American history that America insulates itself within an amnesia that does not acknowledge that kind of history. As the narrator says, “only those events the recorder regards as important” (439) are archived. Ellison plays with history; he narrativizes the received American history (the official historiography), meaning that he assimilates it with mere lies or fiction.
Prevalence of Pollutant Gases and the Occurrence of Associated Diseases in Asaba Metropolis, Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Augustus O. (Ph.D.) Prof. Atubi, , Joseph Osoyibo,
Published: February 2020

The study examined the prevalence of pollutant gases and occurrence of associated diseases in Asaba Metropolis, Delta State, Nigeria. The study adopted a retrospective cohort and survey research design. The cohort study analyzed the reported air pollution medical cases in Federal Medical Center in Asaba such as respiratory diseases, Asthma, Pneumonia, Tuberculosis, Meningitis and Measles. The survey involved measurement of air pollutant such as NO2, SO2, H2S, CO and VOC to compare with the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) data and the World Health Organization Air Quality Guideline (WHOAQG) in order to ascertain the level of air pollution. As part of the study, a total of two hundred (200) copies of questionnaires were administered in two major communities representing the two LGAs that make up Asaba Metropolis serving as study sites (Asaba and Okpanam). The data were analyzed using simple percentage and frequency distribution method, averaging model and standard deviation, measure of central tendency/dispersion (Mean±SD), Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMC) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results of the study revealed that the highest recorded gas emitted in the area include Volatile and Organic Compounds (VOCs) with 96.4%, Carbon monoxide (CO) was 0.8%, Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was 0.4% while Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and Nitrogen oxide (NO2) were 1.2% respectively. NO2 exceeded the WHO and NAQS thresholds. The most prevalent air pollution related diseases reported were respiratory diseases which were above 50% of the yearly prevalence and Tuberculosis which was over 30% each year followed closely by Asthma and Pneumonia. The least diseases in terms of prevalence in the study area were Meningitis and Measles. Based on the findings, it was recommended that routine measurements should be made on a continuous basis to ascertain the volume of gaseous pollutants in the urban and rural environments of the study area.
Prediction of Biochemical Oxygen Demand Using Radial Basis Function Network
Authors: Noor Muhammad , Buliali Joko Lianto
Published: February 2020

Biochemical oxygen demand shows the amount of oxygen needed by microorganisms to decompose dissolved organic substances suspended in water. This variable determines water quality. The higher value indicates lower water quality. Obtaining this value requires a lengthy procedure of five days in typical laboratories. This paper proposes to predict biochemical oxygen demand using a radial basis function network with improvement relational fuzzy c-means clustering to set centroid by using 11 parameters that come from water quality records. The dataset used in testing consisting of weekly parameters between 2014-2019. Testing results show performance measurement of mean absolute error, mean square error, root mean square error, mean absolute percentage error, and accuracy using centroid with improvement relational fuzzy c-means 0.15016, 0.3677, 0.19082, 21.64490 and 78.35510 comparing with centroid from fuzzy c-means 0.16002, 0.04021, 0.19963, 22.83184, and 77.16816.
Performance Comparisson Human Activity Recognition Using Simple Linear Method
Authors: Kusuma Wahyu Andhyka , Sari Zamah , Minarno Agus Eko , Wibowo Hardianto , Akbi Denar Regata , Jawas Naser
Published: February 2020

Human activity recognition (HAR) with daily activities have become leading problems in human physical analysis. HAR with wide application in several areas of human physical analysis were increased along with several machine learning methods. This topic such as fall detection, medical rehabilitation or other smart appliance in physical analysis application has increase degree of life. Smart wearable devices with inertial sensor accelerometer and gyroscope were popular sensor for physical analysis. The previous research used this sensor with a various position in the human body part. Activities can classify in three class, static activity (SA), transition activity (TA), and dynamic activity (DA). Activity from complexity in activities can be separated in low and high complexity based on daily activity. Daily activity pattern has the same shape and patterns with gathering sensor. Dataset used in this paper have acquired from 30 volunteers.  Seven basic machine learning algorithm Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Gradient Boosted and K-Nearest Neighbor. Confusion activities were solved with a simple linear method. The purposed method Logistic Regression achieves 98% accuracy same as SVM with linear kernel, with same result hyperparameter tuning for both methods have the same accuracy. LR and SVC its better used in SA and DA without TA in each recognizing.
A Performance Analysis of General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) in Indonesia
Authors: Bima I Wayan Krisnhadi , Suryani Vera , Wardana Aulia Arif
Published: February 2020

Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a concept connecting any devices onto the internet. The IoT devices cannot only use a service or server to be controlled at a distance but also to do computation. IoT has been applied in many fields, such as smart cities, industries, and logistics. The sending of IoT data can use the existing GSM networks such as GPRS. However, GPRS is not dedicated particularly to the transmission of IoT data in consideration of its weaknesses in terms of coverage and power efficiency. To increase the performance of the transmission of IoT data, Narrowband-IoT (NB-IoT), one alternative to replace GPRS, is offered for its excellence in coverage and power. This paper aims to compare the GPRS and NB-IoT technology for the transmission of IoT data, specifically in Bandung region, Indonesia. The results obtained showed that the packet loss from clients for the GPRS network was at 68%, while the one for NB-IoT was at 44%. Moreover, NB-IoT technology was found excellent in terms of battery saving compared to GPRS for the transmission of IoT data. This result showed that NB-IoT was found more suitable for transmitting the IoT data compared to GPRS.
An application of ANFIS for Lung Diseases Early Detection System
Authors: Santoso Mochamad Yusuf , Disrinama Am Maisarah , Amrullah Haidar Natsir
Published: February 2020

Indonesian Basic Health Research in 2018 showed the prevalence of pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and lung cancer in Indonesia 4.0% 0.4% and 0.18%, respectively. However, the number of lung specialists is small. According to the Indonesian Lung Specialist Association webpage, the number of doctors joined in the association up to 2008 were 452. This amount is very less when compared with existing lung disease cases. Thus, the handling of lung disease will be too late. The use of ANFIS for early detection of lung disease is growing. However, the systems designed are need preprocessing data to be executed and still applied for one type of disease. This paper will design a desktop application based on ANFIS expert system to detect lung disease early, i.e. for pneumonia, pulmonary TB and lung cancer. The system will work based on simple symptoms expressed by the patient. Subtractive clustering is used for clustering process. The results of the training showed that the models were able to give better performance compared to the model built using conventional clustering methods. The test results show that those three models have comparable performance compared to their counterpart. Software validation shows that the it gives 94.00% succeed for training data and up to 100% for testing data. This application is not intended to replace the role of a doctor, but to help diagnose the patient's condition earlier.
Pemetaan Potensi Desa untuk Penguatan Badan Usaha Milik Desa dengan Pendekatan Asset Based Community-Driven Development
Authors: Srirejeki Kiky , Faturahman Agus , Warsidi Warsidi , Ulfah Permata , Herwiyanti Eliada
Published: February 2020

Desa Pliken adalah salah satu desa di Kabupaten Banyumas yang sudah memiliki Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes). Namun, setelah hampir satu tahun berdiri, dampak keberadaannya sulit diukur. Saat ini, salah satu kegiatan BUMDes adalah pengelolaan sampah, meskipun masih menjadi kegiatan utama, pemerintah desa saat ini sedang mempertimbangkan kegiatan lain untuk ekspansi aktivitas bisnis BUMDes. Untuk memastikan keberlanjutan kegiatan perusahaan milik desa, gagasan perluasan bisnis harus didasarkan pada perencanaan dan strategi yang menyeluruh. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dilakukan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut dengan melakukan pemetaan terhadap potensi desa. Kegiatan ini merupakan bagian dari perencanaan dan strategi komprehensif untuk menciptakan BUMDes yang berkelanjutan. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan partisipasi masyarakat desa yang mewakili keragaman desa. Kami menggunakan pendekatan pembangunan berbasis masyarakat yang berbasis aset untuk memastikan bahwa setiap potensi anggota diakui dan dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan pembangunan desa. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa bakat/potensi individu, organisasi warga dan lembaga lokal adalah faktor utama dalam penyusunan peta potensi desa. Lebih lanjut, hasilnya menunjukkan peningkatan kapasitas dan manajemen serta pengembangan jaringan desa sangat penting untuk penguatan BUMDes.
La evolución cronológica del Castro de Viladonga (Castro de Rei, Lugo) a través del estudio de su cerámica común romana
Authors: Barbazán Domínguez Sara , Ramil Rego Eduardo , Lozano Hermida Hugo
Published: February 2020

Presentamos los resultados del estudio de la cerámica común romana procedente de cinco zonas del castro de Viladonga. Este castro, con una cronología que lo sitúa entre el s. II y el V d.C., ha proporcionado restos arqueológicos que han sido tradicionalmente encuadrados desde un momento prerromano hasta los tiempos de la germanización de la Gallaecia. Trataremos de determinar la evolución cronológica de su ocupación y caracterizar tipológicamente sus producciones cerámicas.
¿Continuidad o ruptura en una tumba megalítica? Modelado bayesiano de las dataciones radiocarbónicas del yacimiento de La Velilla (Osorno, prov. Palencia)
Authors: Zapatero Magdaleno María Pilar , Esparza Arroyo Ángel
Published: February 2020

Este trabajo tiene por objeto el análisis de la trayectoria cronológica de la tumba de La Velilla (Osorno, Palencia), a partir de una serie de dataciones radiocarbónicas, principalmente obtenidas sobre restos humanos, que han sido sometidas a tratamiento estadístico bayesiano. A través del análisis de la cronología y del ritual funerario se intenta discernir sobre los posibles “ciclos de uso” que se sucedieron a lo largo de la vida del sepulcro megalítico y especular con la idea de que la Velilla puede ser considerada como un ejemplo de uso sucesivo de un espacio funerario a lo largo del tiempo, en el que además se percibe un deseo de continuidad en el ritual durante toda su trayectoria.
Paleodemografía prehistórica: reflexiones sobre la metodología aplicada al estudio de algunos sepulcros colectivos de la Península Ibérica
Authors: Santa Cruz del Barrio Angélica , Calduch Bardoll Paz
Published: February 2020

El análisis antropológico de los restos humanos es indisociable del estudio de cualquier estructura funeraria, pues los estudios bioarqueológicos ofrecen enormes posibilidades explicativas sobre las poblaciones del pasado y, en particular, de su régimen demográfico. Tratando de ahondar en esta cuestión, en este trabajo se analizan distintas propuestas paleodemográficas de sepulturas colectivas o conjuntos funerarios de la Prehistoria Reciente, quizás los contextos donde mayores dificultades encuentran este tipo de estudios. Se persigue con ello poner de relieve y comparar las soluciones metodológicas e interpretativas que se han propuesto para los estudios seleccionados. En cualquier caso, en todos ellos se evidencia que el análisis demográfico aplicado a los sepulcros colectivos en la Prehistoria Reciente ofrece una lectura más completa de estos espacios mortuorios a la vez que brinda la posibilidad de afrontar comparaciones basadas en la unidad de método.
El Hocino de Fuentetovar (Velamazán, Soria). Cogotas I en el oriente de la Submeseta Norte española
Authors: Fernández Moreno José Javier , Tarancón Gómez María Jesús , Ruiz de Marco Agustín , Lerín Sanz Montserrat , Barrio Onrubia Raquel , Arellano Hernández Óscar
Published: February 2020

Se presenta un nuevo asentamiento de los denominados “campos de hoyos” de la Edad del Bronce del interior peninsular. Aun cuando las estructuras negativas aparecen muy arrasadas, es posible identificar una diversa tipología que confirma actividades vinculadas a la explotación de recursos naturales por un grupo que utilizaba cerámicas típicas de Cogotas I. La comparación tipológica y decorativa de los materiales cerámicos reclama su evolución desde grupos de amplio arraigo en el territorio, cuestionando la vinculación de la técnica excisa a influencias foráneas, rastreando su presencia desde la fase formativa del grupo, junto con la incisión y el boquique, singularmente en el oriente de la Submeseta Norte.
More Unnecessary Imaginary Worlds – Part 2: The ICER Evidence Report on Modeling Oral Semaglutide for Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Langley Paul
Published: February 2020

On 9 December 2019, the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER) released its final evidence report to establish the value of oral semaglutide (Novo Nordisk) for Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). A key element in this report was the development of a lifetime cost effectiveness microsimulation model based on a small sample of NHANES diabetes respondents. The model contrasted oral semaglutide added to current antihyperglycemic treatment for T2DM. The purpose of the model was to estimate outcomes that included life years (LYs) gained, an estimate of equal value life years gained (evLYGs), QALYs gained, clinical events, cost per major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) avoided and total costs for each intervention over a lifetime time horizon. Previous commentaries in INNOVATTIONS in Pharmacy have provided detailed critiques of the ICER modeling framework. While this model differs from previous ICER models, the result is still a framework that constructs a so-called evidence base that fails the demarcation test. It is best described as pseudoscience. The model creates, by assumption, an imaginary world. The claims made for oral semaglutide by ICER should not be taken seriously by health care decision makers.  The purpose of this commentary is to point to the limitations of the model with particular reference to the utility metrics employed, the resulting claims for quality adjusted life years (QALYs) and consequent recommendations for price discounting and affordability.

 

Article Type: Commentary
Oral health and well-being of adolescents undergoing orthodontic treatment: perspective of the adolescents and their parents/caregivers
Authors: Mattos Yasmin Pissolati , Guimarães Abreu Lucas , Martins Paiva Salu
Published: February 2020

Aim: To evaluate the oral health and well-being of adolescents with malocclusion who were submitted to orthodontic treatment, assessing the perspective of parents/caregivers and adolescents and to investigate the effects of orthodontic treatment among adolescents on the perception of oral health and well-being, in relation to the opinion of parents/caregivers and adolescents. Methods: Adolescents between 11 and 12 years submitted to orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances at the Federal University of Minas Gerais and their parents/caregivers participated. Adolescents and their parents/caregivers answered questions about the health of adolescents’ teeth, lips, jaws and mouth and about how the condition of adolescents’ teeth, lips, jaws or mouth affects adolescents overall life or well-being before orthodontic treatment onset and 12 months after fixed appliances’ placement. Results: Parents had a significantly more negative perception of the impact of malocclusion on adolescents’ lives or well-being (p<0.001). Adolescents reported that their oral health improved after 12 months of orthodontic treatment (p<0.001). Adolescents also reported that their lives or well-being was significantly less affected after 12 months of orthodontic treatment (p=0.026). Parents/caregivers reported that their adolescents’ oral health improved after 12 months of orthodontic treatment (p<0.001). Parents/caregivers also reported that their adolescents’ lives or well-being was significantly less affected after 12 months of orthodontic treatment (p<0.001). Conclusion: Parents/caregivers have a more negative perception regarding the impact of malocclusion on the life and well-being of an adolescent. After 12 months of orthodontic treatment onset, parents/caregivers and adolescents considered that adolescents’ overall health and well-being had improved.
 
Keywords: adolescent, malocclusion, orthodontic treatment, oral health, well-being.
Alternativa de tratamiento oportuno de mordida cruzada posterior unilateral en dentición primaria y mixta temprana. Serie de casos.
Authors: Mora Zuluaga Nataly , Hernández Jesús Alberto , Rodriguez Carolina
Published: February 2020

Introducción Las mordidas cruzadas posteriores unilaterales (MCPU) constituyen uno de los tipos de maloclusiones más frecuentes encontrados tanto en dentición primaria como en dentición mixta temprana. Debido a su origen multifactorial su tratamiento se encuentra enfocado no solo en la corrección de la maloclusión,  sino en obtener una estabilidad oclusal y funcional a largo plazo que disminuya las alteraciones en el crecimiento y desarrollo del sistema estomatognático en edades tempranas. El objetivo de esta serie de casos es presentar dos alternativas de tratamiento oportuno para esta maloclusión.
Descripción de los casos El primer caso es un paciente de 8 años de edad con MCPU izquierda quien recibe tratamiento de expansión palatina controlada con un tornillo tipo Hyrax con férula acrílica, en el cual se obtienen resultados favorables en corto tiempo y con estabilidad a largo plazo. El segundo caso es una paciente de 4 años de edad con MCPU derecha a la cual se le realizan Pistas Directas Planas  logrando un cambio postural mandibular deseado.  
Discusión En las alternativas de tratamiento presentadas,  varios autores han reportado una serie de beneficios obtenidos a partir del tipo de intervención que no solo logran la corrección de la maloclusión, sino que a su vez alcanzan la mejoría de estructuras que componen el complejo craneofacial, dentro de los cuales se destaca la estabilidad a largo plazo deseada. Estos beneficios se obtienen a través de la alternativa de tratamiento seleccionada,  según el diagnóstico y las características clínicas presentadas en cada paciente y justifica la decisión de realizar una intervención temprana especialmente en este tipo de maloclusión.
Conclusión El tratamiento temprano de la mordida cruzada posterior unilateral debe ser seleccionado según el tipo de dentición y necesidad del paciente, lo que  favorece el adecuado crecimiento y desarrollo del sistema estomatognático.
Palabras Claves
Mordida cruzada posterior unilateral, maloclusión,  tratamiento oportuno, pistas directas planas, expansión palatina.
Effects of periodontal therapy with topical antibiotics in the glycemic control of diabetic patients: systematic review.
Authors: Aranzazu-Moya Gloria Cristina
Published: February 2020

Background: Periodontal disease is considered as a diabetes complication and has been suggested that periodontal treatment plus antibiotics should reduce glycated hemoglobin A, by reducing local production of pro inflammatory substances.
Objective: To evaluate diabetic patients with periodontal disease under periodontal treatment plus topical antibiotics and reduction of  HbA1c, compared to diabetic patients under periodontal treatment without antibiotics.
Materials and Methods: Using PUBMED, SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE, EMBASE and Google Scholar data bases, were screened documents from 2008 to 2018. The documents included were the clinical studies, which included non-surgical periodontal treatment plus topical antibiotics, whose outcomes included the HbA1c report. Two independent researchers evaluate title; abstract and bias risk with Downs Black scale and Cochrane tool. Documents with a score higher than 15 on average by the two evaluators were included.
Results: Five articles, which find inclusion criteria, were identified. Two documents failed to demonstrate statistically significant effect when compared to non-surgical periodontal therapy alone.
Conclusion: In general a modest reduction of HbA1c was identified when using antibiotic therapy.
The Implementation of Character Education in Physics Subjects through Salingtemas Approach
Authors: Idamayanti Reski , Sakti Irma
Published: February 2020

Character education is a process of instilling certain character values which at the same time students are able to grow their distinctive character when running life into old age. In physics subjects are able to make a meaningful contribution to character education. The application of character education in learning needs to be adjusted to the approach used. One of them is by applying Salingtemas approach in learning. The research location was SMP Negeri 1 Palakka, bone district with a total sample of 30 students. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data analysis techniques used in this study are descriptive analysis techniques, data obtained from interviews, observations, documentation, followed by describing (describing), analyzing and interpreting in depth especially data relating to character formation and character description of students. Broadly speaking, the stages used to analyze data include data reduction, data display, conclusions and verification. Character valuesformed by applying character edification with a mutual approach are disciplined, religious, honest, logical thinking, creative, independent, creative, communicative, cooperation, mutual respect, self-confidence, polite, honest, responsible, hard work, caring for the environment and Social care.Keywords: Character Education, The Salingtemas ApproachPendidikan karakter adalah merupakan proses menanamkan nilai karakter tertentu yang sekaligus peserta didik mampu menumbuhkan karakter khasnya pada saat menjalankan kehidupan hingga tua. Pada mata Pelajaran fisika mampu memberikan kontribusi berarti terhadap pendidikan karakter. Penerapan pendidikan karakter dalam pembelajaran perlu disesuaikan dengan pendekatan yang digunakan. Salah satunya dengan menerapkan pendekatas Salingtemas dalam pembelajaran. Lokasi penelitian di SMP Negeri 1 palakka kabupaten bone dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 30 peserta didik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik analisis deskriptif, data yang diperoleh dari hasil wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi, dilanjutkan dengan mendeskripsikan (memaparkan), menganalisis dan menginterpretasi secara mendalam terutama data yang berhubungan dengan  pembentukan karakter dan gambaran karakter peserta didik. Secara garis besar tahap-tahap yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data diantaranya reduksi data, display data, kesimpulan dan verifikasi.  Nilai Karakter yang terbentuk menerapkan pendidikan karakter dengan pendekatan salingtemas adalah disiplin, religius, jujur, berpikir logis, kreatif, mandiri, kreatif, komunikatif, kerja sama, saling menghargai, percaya diri, santun, jujur, bertanggung jawab, kerja keras, peduli lingkungan dan peduli sosial.Kata kunci: Pendidikan Karakter, Pendekatan Salingtemas