bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emerging RNA-binding roles in the TRIM family of ubiquitin ligases
Authors: Williams Felix Preston , Haubrich Kevin , Perez-Borrajero Cecilia , Hennig Janosch
Published: May 2019

TRIM proteins constitute a large, diverse and ancient protein family which play a key role in processes including cellular differentiation, autophagy, apoptosis, DNA repair, and tumour suppression. Mostly known and studied through the lens of their ubiquitination activity as E3 ligases, it has recently emerged that many of these proteins are involved in direct RNA binding through their NHL or PRY/SPRY domains. We summarise the current knowledge concerning the mechanism of RNA binding by TRIM proteins and its biological role. We discuss how RNA-binding relates to their previously described functions such as E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, and we will consider the potential role of enrichment in membrane-less organelles.
Welchen Beitrag leistet die Moral für das sinnvolle Leben?
Authors: Kipke Roland , Rüther Markus
Published: May 2019

Das sinnvolle Leben ist seit geraumer Zeit Gegenstand einer lebendigen internationalen Debatte. Dabei erhält neuerdings ein Aspekt zunehmende Aufmerksamkeit, welcher bisher weitestgehend ausgespart wurde: das Verhältnis zwischen Sinn und Moral. Einerseits wird das sinnvolle Leben oft deutlich von der Sphäre der Moral abgegrenzt, andererseits gilt moralisches Handeln vielen Autoren als integraler Bestandteil desselbigen. Doch wie genau trägt Moral zu einem sinnvollen Leben bei? Ist es notwendig, hinreichend, sogar beides? Oder ist es vielleicht doch irrelevant? Dieser Artikel bietet einen Überblick über die verschiedenen in der Debatte vorgeschlagenen Verhältnisbestimmungen, ihre Beziehungen untereinander sowie die wesentlichen Argumente dafür und dagegen.
Dynamics of two-species delayed competitive stage-structured model described by differential-difference equations
Authors: Han Sufang , Li Yaqin , Liu Guoxin , Xiong Lianglin , Zhang Tianwei
Published: May 2019

Overf the last few years, by utilizing Mawhin’s continuation theorem of coincidence degree theory and Lyapunov functional, many scholars have been concerned with the global asymptotical stability of positive periodic solutions for the non-linear ecosystems. In the real world, almost periodicity is usually more realistic and more general than periodicity, but there are scarcely any papers concerning the issue of the global asymptotical stability of positive almost periodic solutions of non-linear ecosystems. In this paper we consider a kind of delayed two-species competitive model with stage structure. By means of Mawhin’s continuation theorem of coincidence degree theory, some sufficient conditions are obtained for the existence of at least one positive almost periodic solutions for the above model with nonnegative coefficients. Furthermore, the global asymptotical stability of positive almost periodic solution of the model is also studied. The work of this paper extends and improves some results in recent years. An example and simulations are employed to illustrate the main results of this paper.
Fast fabrication of silver helical metamaterial with single-exposure femtosecond laser photoreduction
Authors: Liu Lipu , Yang Dong , Wan Weiping , Yang Hong , Gong Qihuang , Li Yan
Published: May 2019

Metallic helical metamaterials have become the prominent candidates for circular polarizers and other optical-chiral devices as they exhibit strong circular dichroism at a broad operation bandwidth. However, the rapid fabrication of an intertwined double helix with multiple pitch numbers and excellent mechanical strength, electrical conductivity and surface smoothness remains a challenge. We propose and realize the single-exposure femtosecond laser photoreduction of a freestanding, three-dimensional silver double-helix microstructure by the double-helix focal field intensity engineered with a spatial light modulator. At the same time, the photoreduction solution and the laser repetition rate are optimized to further tackle the surface roughness and the thermal flow problems. As a result, the silver double-helix array with the enhanced quality exhibits pronounced optical chirality in a wide wavelength range from 3.5 to 8.5 μm. This technique paves a novel way to easily and rapidly fabricate metallic metamaterials for chiro-optical devices in the mid-infrared regime.
Effect of Surface Roughness on CO2 Laser Absorption by 316L Stainless Steel and Aluminum
Authors: Ahmed Obeidi M. , McCarthy E. , Ubani S. I. , Ul Ahad I. , Brabazon D.
Published: May 2019

The roughness of a material’s surface is a significant factor affecting the absorption of energy when scanned with laser beam radiation. It is a robust variable affecting the entire laser process cost and the appropriate levels for the laser processing parameters, such as the power applied. It is thus an important factor for many processes, such as laser cutting, welding, roughening, and polishing. As such, an examination of the effect of roughness on laser absorption is desirable to determine how input parameters, such as power, must be adjusted when working with different roughness and the potential power savings of roughening samples, or eliminating polishing or finishing steps, before laser processing. In this study, a comparison of the effect of the surface roughness of flat 316L stainless steel and aluminum samples on the thermal energy absorbed in laser processing was investigated. The aim was to characterize the effect and identify the potential energy savings. Samples were processed as received and either polished or roughened, such that there were five different roughness levels for each material. Individual carbon dioxide laser shots were applied with large unprocessed gaps in order to allow clear investigation of the crater depth dimensions. The width, length, and depth of the craters were measured by both scanning electron microscope and three-dimensional microscope, with larger dimensions indicating a greater absorption of the laser energy. The expected outcome of the study was confirmed, finding a noticeable improvement in the absorbed energy on the rougher surfaces for both materials, with a saving of ∼62 % in the laser power applied when the aluminum surface roughness increased from 2.4 μm to 7.03 μm.
Understanding Flow Behavior and Microstructure Evolution during Thermomechanical Processing of Mill-Annealed Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy
Authors: Jha Jyoti S. , Toppo Suraj P. , Singh Rajkumar , Tewari Asim , Mishra Sushil K.
Published: May 2019

Titanium alloy in the mill-annealed condition has a significant store of energy because it is not fully recrystallized and the grains possess a very high dislocation density. It is well established that the extent of softening mechanisms like dynamic recrystallization/recovery (DRX/DRV) are dependent on the stored energy during hot deformation. In this case, stored energy in the prior worked material may facilitate the softening. The hot deformation behavior of mill-annealed Ti-6Al-4V is studied by hot compression tests in the temperature range of 750°C–950°C and strain rate (ε˙) range of 0.001–10 s−1 for 60 % deformation. The true stress-strain curve of the compression tests exhibits the variation in flow stress (σ) characteristics in a wide range of temperature and strain rate (T,ε˙). The activation energy calculated from the phenomenological constitutive equation is significantly higher than the self-diffusion activation energy, which suggests DRX as the main softening process. However, α → β phase transformation below the β-transition temperature during hot deformation substantiates the occurrence of a mechanism other than DRX. In the lower temperature regime T(< 850°C), softening is caused by the DRX process at a lower deformation rate ε˙ (< 0.01 s−1), whereas at a higher deformation rate, the grains are more deformed with very high grain average misorientation. In the high temperature regime, where α → β phase transformation is very pertinent, it subsequently forms the transformed microstructure. The processing map shows the highest efficiency in the lower ε˙ and temperature regime, whereas the least efficiency with instability is observed at high ε˙. Microstructure analyses reveal that the DRX/DRV and phase transformation–assisted microstructure evolution in mill-annealed Ti-6Al-4V are the major deformation mechanisms.
Early Cinema and National Identity in Brazil
Authors: Conde Maite
Published: May 2019

This chapter presents an overview and critique of theories of Brazil’s cinematic belle epoque, which have depicted the early film period as a golden age of Brazilian filmmaking in contrast to later decades that were dominated by Hollywood’s hegemony. The chapter shows how these utopian discourses regarding the belle epoque have obscured the cinematic period’s intrinsic link to Rio de Janeiro and its modernizing reforms, reforms that were inextricably linked to the development and expansion of global capitalism.
Cinematic Vistas of Rio de Janeiro’s Worldly Modernity
Authors: Conde Maite
Published: May 2019

This chapter draws upon and contributes to discussions about the homologous relationship between early cinema and urban space. It focuses on the ways in which the introduction and development of film in Brazil was part of a project of urban transformation that took place in the country’s then capital, Rio de Janeiro, at the start of the twentieth century, which was intended to transform the city into a modern and global capital. This project of urban transformation was modeled on Haussmann’s Parisian reforms. Analyzing early actuality films, the chapter examines how the foreign medium’s arrival was inscribed and implicated in Rio’s modern transformation, helping to map and project its new image as a modern urban capital.
Beyond Hollywood
Authors: Conde Maite
Published: May 2019

This chapter examines Brazilian director Humberto Mauro’s 1927 film Thesouro Perdido, which was influenced the North American film Tol'able David, directed by Henry King in 1921. The chapter examines discussions regarding mimicry, bringing them to bear specifically on early Brazilian cinema and Brazilian film theory and what has been dismissed as its imitative relationship to Hollywood movies. Analyzing the structure and aesthetics of Mauro’s film, the chapter discusses the differences between it and its Hollywood template, and it locates this difference in the country’s material reality, that is, the remnants of traditional patriarchal structures in Brazil and their roots in slave labor.
The Expedition Films of Major Luiz Thomaz Reis
Authors: Conde Maite
Published: May 2019

Brazil’s Rondon Commission produced a number of documentaries, including Os sertões de Matto Grosso (The Hinterlands of Matto Grosso, 1912), Rituais e festas Bororó (Rituals and Festivities of the Bororó Indians, 1917), and Ronuro, Selvas do Xingú (Ronuro, Jungles of the Xingú Indians, 1924), which were directed by Major Luiz Thomas Reis. This chapter examines these films in detail. Analyzing their fascination with charting and mapping the lands and especially the bodies and cultures of indigenous peoples in Brazil’s Amazon basin, it looks at how the films’ spectacle of panoramic and anatomical difference were intimately linked to contemporary discourses concerning the constitution of a modern and progressive Brazil that, in particular, hinged on making both productive and profitable for Brazil’s future progress.
Fabricating Discipline and Progress in São Paulo, Symphony of a Metropolis
Authors: Conde Maite
Published: May 2019

A common focus of the international cinematic avant-garde during the 1920s was the power and excitement of cities, something that gave rise in both Europe and the United States to a genre of films known as "city symphonies." Charles Sheeler and Paul Strand's Manhatta (1921), André Sauvage's Études sur Paris (1928), Dziga Vertov's Man with a Movie Camera (1929), and Walter Ruttmann’s Berlin: Die Sinfonie Der Großstadt (1927) were examples of this genre. Such films inspired São Paulo: A sinfonia da metrópole, which is analyzed here. Made by Hungarian filmmakers, Rodolfo Lustig and Adalberto Kemeny, the Brazilian film typically documents a day in the life of São Paulo, exalting its urban dynamic as a sign of the city’s and country’s modernity. In examining São Paulo: A sinfonia da metrópole, this chapter shows that while it expresses the city’s speed brought by the experience of modernity, it also departs from its international inspirations to triumphantly project the discipline of labor, projected as a sign of order and progress, which is ultimately projected by the state.
Introduction
Authors: Lombardini John
Published: May 2019

The introduction begins with a case study of Demosthenes 54, Against Konon, which illustrates the political dimensions of humor that are the focus of the book. The second section of the introduction outlines the book’s methodological approach to the study of Socratic humor, while also providing evidence for the claim that there was a debate concerning the nature and purpose of Socratic humor during the classical period and beyond. This claim is developed through a brief analysis of Plato’s Euthydemus, focusing on the evidence that dialogue provides for a rivalry between Plato and the Megarian school concerning the legacy of Socratic humor. The introduction concludes with an overview of the arguments of each chapter.
Aristophanes and Socratic Mockery
Authors: Lombardini John
Published: May 2019

This chapter treats Aristophanes’s depiction of Socrates in Clouds, focusing in particular on Socrates’s use of mockery. It argues that the play depicts an anxiety concerning the threat Socrates poses to the operation of a democratic notion of authority in classical Athens. Drawing on the work of Josiah Ober and Danielle Allen, as well as on the contemporary theoretical treatment of authority by Jeffrey Stout, a notion of democratic authority is sketched that emphasizes the authorization each democratic citizen possesses to hold his or her fellow citizens to account. It is then argued that the Socratic mockery on display in Clouds subverts this notion of democratic authority by ridiculing those who do not possess Socrates’s intellectual sophistication as unfit to hold him accountable. It is this notion of superiority, coupled with a mockery of his intellectual inferiors, which Strepsiades learns from Socrates and deploys against his creditors.
Plato and Socratic Eirōneia
Authors: Lombardini John
Published: May 2019

This chapter focuses on Plato’s use of the term eirōneia and its cognates. After illustrating what was at stake in attributing the practice of eirōneia to Socrates, the remainder of the chapter details how Plato’s limited use of the term illustrates the ambiguity surrounding the nature and purpose of Socratic irony more generally. By framing the accusations of eirōneia made against Socrates by Thrasymachus, Callicles, and Alcibiades in an ironic light, Plato casts doubt on whether Socrates really was an eirōn. While the association of eirōneia with the sophists appears to reinforce this doubt, the difficulties involved in distinguishing Socratic philosophy from sophistry indicates how the question of whether Socrates was an eirōn is closely bound up with the question of whether he was a sophist and/or engaged in sophistic practices. Unpacking the epistemological and ontological issues involved in answering the latter question illustrates why the Socratic practice of irony elicits such varied responses among Socrates’s interlocutors. Rather than dismissing the accusations of Thrasymachus, Callicles, and Alcibiades as simply mistaken, this analysis indicates how they might reflect Socrates’s attempt to implicitly claim authority for himself through his practice of the elenchus.
Learning to Love
Authors: Essig Laurie
Published: May 2019

This chapter considers how we learn to love at an early age from a variety of cultural productions, such as Disney films and teen romance novels. It digs deep into the culture of Twilight and its more grown-up—if illegitimate—progeny, Fifty Shades of Grey, to argue that romance is primarily an economic fantasy, although one that relies on both white supremacy and patriarchal gender roles to make sense.
Exit
Authors: Warnes Andrew
Published: May 2019

The conclusion surveys American novels of the 1970s to suggest that by that decade, the familiarity and dominance of the supermarket sector was associated by many American writers with a new human relationship to hunger and other forms of desire.
Screw Consent
Authors: Fischel Joseph J.
Published: May 2019

Consent is threadbare for sexual-justice politics, argues author Joseph Fischel. Spotlighting sex on the periphery, Screw Consent takes aim at the sex imagined at the center of our moral universe: adult, consensual. Each chapter turns another “screw” on consent, interrogating sex that is unfamiliar, atypical, or weird. Consent, shows Fischel, is alternatively insufficient, inapposite, or riddled with scope contradictions. It therefore cannot scaffold a democratically hedonic sexual culture. Access and autonomy, the author suggests, are more promising idioms for our sexual politics.
The Trouble with Mothers’ Boyfriends
Authors: Fischel Joseph J.
Published: May 2019

In this chapter, I argue that mothers’ boyfriends and other people superordinated in positions of authority over their victims—but not related to those victims by law or blood—disproportionately perpetuate sexual assault. Sex in these kinds of nonbiological, not otherwise legally recognized vertical status relations are generally not prohibited by state laws. Some sex in some of these vertical relationships, I propose, ought to be proscribed, whether or not the person subordinated in the relationship consents (although force, coercion, and/or nonvoluntariness might aggravate the crime). If that sounds draconian, let me put it this way: just as consent is not a defense to having sex with an eleven-year-old and as consent is not a defense to eating and murdering someone for sexual gratification, consent should not be a defense for sex between a minor and the intimate partner of the minor’s parent.
New House, New Life
Authors: Renfrew Daniel
Published: May 2019

This chapter chronicles the story of squatters who engaged in fraught and complex processes of homemaking in the face of environmental degradation and infrastructural ruin. The chapter focuses on housing activism and relocation, which represents one of the movement’s major victories as the government relocated hundreds of families from contaminated squatter settlements into state-financed housing divisions. The ethnographic heart of the chapter involves housing activism surrounding two of La Teja’s major squatter settlements, Inlasa and Rodolfo Rincón, including contested debates over widespread culturalist explanations of toxic suffering and the character of urban marginality. The chapter concludes with a critical discussion of the alternative integrative vision of housing and social inclusion put forth by the leftist Frente Amplio’s ambitious post-neoliberal programs targeting integration of the socially excluded.
We Are All Contaminated
Authors: Renfrew Daniel
Published: May 2019

This chapter details how Uruguayan experts and citizens negotiated, translated, and “localized” global biomedical expertise, as well as how social theories of risk, vulnerability, and human nature became embedded in public-health interventions and scientific research. The chapter examines the biopolitical nature of the state’s Official Protocol and how it was both effectively deployed and continuously resisted, sometimes through double meanings associated with the oft-repeated phrase, “we are all contaminated.” The chapter chronicles the ways dissident scientists created new biomedical “artifacts” by generating and expanding toxicological data and pediatric case files, lending evidentiary support to social-movement characterizations of the weight of suffering and the geographic distribution of risk. The chapter argues that a central dimension of this scientific research and practice was its symbiosis with the social movement and the social proximity of clinicians to the lived experience of patients and families.
Contamination, Crisis, and Hope
Authors: Renfrew Daniel
Published: May 2019

The conclusion revisits the book’s key themes and its overlapping analytical approaches to environmental justice, knowledge/power, and governance/resistance, and it provides an update on the lead-contamination issue fifteen years after it publicly emerged. The book ends with a message of hope, chronicling a story of rebirth in a mitigated landscape emerging from the detritus and memory of a toxic nightmare.
Statehood and Statelessness
Authors: Meiton Fredrik
Published: May 2019

Chapter 7 follows the role of the grid in the emergence of partition as the preferred solution to the Palestine question. The deliberations over partition re-actualized the question of borders, dormant since the period of intense negotiation in the early 1920s. Again, the power supply system figured prominently in the deliberations. At this point, the network of power stations and electrical wire crisscrossing the land provided a thick materialization of the Zionist vision. This material reality was reflected in British deliberations and carried over into the U.N. Resolution 181 for the partition of Palestine, adopted by the General Assembly in November 1947. The same considerations played out on the battlefield, as the resolution triggered the 1948 War, from which the state of Israel and the statelessness of the Palestinians emerged in May 1948.
Masculinity and Violence
Authors: Soyer Michaela
Published: May 2019

Chapter 5 shows how the juvenile justice system perpetuates the traumatic experiences the respondents suffered in their homes. “Outsider masculinity” fulfilled multiple functions by allowing the young men to rationalize the violence they committed as well as the abuse and neglect they experienced at the hands of others. This chapter focuses on the unacknowledged abuse of these young men that took place at home and then in the juvenile justice system. Even as the juvenile justice system provides urgently needed social services, it furthers victimizes children.
Losing Children
Authors: Soyer Michaela
Published: May 2019

Chapter 6 switches perspectives from the young men to their families. It focuses on how the incarceration of sons, nephews, or grandsons impacts families. This chapter emphasizes the ambivalence some parents feel toward the criminal and juvenile justice systems. Mothers may recognize that the systems offer immediate support, but they also know that incarceration leaves their sons unequipped to lead productive lives after reentry into society.
Bring Out the Dead
Authors: Fontes Anthony W.
Published: May 2019

Chapter 1 introduces readers to Calavera, a former member of the Mara Salvatrucha and a central character throughout the book, and it captures the intimate consequences of out-of-control peacetime violence through Calavera’s struggle to find his murdered brother’s gravestone in the Guatemala City General Cemetery.
Extorted Life
Authors: Fontes Anthony W.
Published: May 2019

Today, extortion is the most feared and despised of criminal businesses in Central America, and one of the most common. Gangs are widely blamed as the central culprits of extortion, but, as this chapter argues, they are merely the most visible edge of a cannibalistic approach to survival that is tearing Central American societies apart. Following in the maras footsteps, this chapter maps Guatemala City’s expanding geographies of extortion to trace the entanglements between the evolution of gang extortion rackets, the profits of the extortion economy, and collective efforts to cast and recast a sense of certainty upon extortion’s terror. After assessing the causes and consequences of the maras’ embrace of extortion, it traces how private security corporations and financial institutions, among others, profit from extortion. It then discusses how the struggle to fix collective fears of extortion by way of the maras gives rise to diverse opportunities for material gain through terror for a diverse set of actors willing and able to copy the maras’ approach.
Farewell, Guatemala City
Authors: Fontes Anthony W.
Published: May 2019

This chapter captures the scene of a farewell party in Guatemala City that brought together many of the central characters whose stories make up the book.
Unchecked Climate Change and Mass Migration
Authors: Forman Fonna , Ramanathan Veerabhadran
Published: May 2019

With unchecked emissions of pollutants, global warming is projected to increase to 1.50C within 15 years; to 20C within 35 years and 40C by 2100. These projections are central values with a small (<5%) probability that warming by 2100 can exceed 60C with potentially catastrophic impacts on every human being, living and yet unborn. Climate is already changing in perceptible ways through floods, droughts, wildfires, heat waves and sea level rise, displacing communities and catalyzing migration. Climate migration describes the voluntary and forced movement of people within and across habitats due to changes in climate. While estimates vary from 25 million to as many as one billion climate change migrants by 2050, achieving reliable quantitative estimates of future climate migration faces forbidding obstacles due to: 1) a wide range of projected warming due to uncertainties in climate feedbacks; 2) the lack of a settled definition for climate migration; and 3) the causal complexity of migration due to variability in non-environmental factors such as bioregion, culture, economics, politics and individual factors. But waiting for reliable estimates this creates unacceptable ethical risks. Therefore, we advocate a probabilistic approach to climate migration that accounts for both central and low probability warming projections as the only ethical response to the unfolding crisis. We conclude that in the absence of drastic mitigation actions, climate change-induced mass migration can become a major threat during the latter half of this century.
A Migration Becomes an Emergency
Authors: Suro Roberto
Published: May 2019

This chapter examines the circumstances that produced repeated migration surges from the Northern Triangle of Central America—El Salvador, Honduras to Guatemala—to the United States. Dominated by women and children fleeing poverty and violence, since 2014 the surges have challenged the U.S. asylum system, prompted crisis responses at the border and provoked ongoing political controversies. This chapter argues these surges are an outgrowth, really a kind of mutation, of long-standing migrations that have been dominated by labor and family reunification flows in recent years. Moreover, the surges were facilitated by migrations channels, including criminal smuggling networks, that had developed to transport what was once a far larger Mexican flow. The surges serve as a warning that seemingly stable labor migrations can transform into sudden, large scale movements of humanitarian migrants due to changing circumstances in sending communities.
Children on the Move in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Bhabha Jacqueline
Published: May 2019

Though children have always migrated, the distinctive risks they face and the protection challenges that arise have been largely neglected. As a result, child migrants are denied basic human rights protections owed them as children, including the fundamental right to have their best interests considered. Instead these children are routinely treated first and foremost as migrants, subjected to harsh procedures and sometimes denied legal representation of even held in punitive detention facilities. The chapter explores recent encouraging policy developments that challenge the historic neglect of child migrants' rights and substitute instead measures designed to enhance the competence of migration officials vis à vis children's needs, and domestic child welfare workers' engagement with the protection challenges facing non citizen children.
Addressing Mental Health Disparities in Refugee Children Through Family and Community-Based Prevention
Authors: Betancourt Theresa S. , Frounfelker Rochelle L. , Berent Jenna M. , Gautam Bhuwan , Abdi Saida , Abdi Abdirahman , Haji Zahara , Maalim Ali , Mishra Tej
Published: May 2019

This chapter presents an overview of a family-based intervention program and the impact it has on outcomes of parent-child relationships, family functioning, and child mental health among Bhutanese and Somali Bantu refugees in New England. The program uses a Community Based Participatory Research approach, emphasizing strong community engagement, support from community advisory boards, and the use of refugee community health workers to implement the home-visiting Family Strengthening Intervention (FSI). The FSI uses a strengths-based approach to focus on prevention, resilience, and overcoming barriers, while improving linkages to important community resources. The program is currently in its pilot phase (n=80 families) and preparing for scaling-up (n=300 families) with adaptations based on preliminary findings and lessons learned. A mixed-methods design is used to assess the effectiveness of the FSI and inform next stages of the research. This chapter presents preliminary findings of formative work and from the pilot phase of the program.
Solemn Venues
Authors: Tsika Noah
Published: May 2019

In 1943, the army psychiatrist George S. Goldman began to develop a series of documentaries that could “contribute to mental health” by “removing some of the mystery connected with psychiatry and by properly explaining many of the misconceptions commonly connected with this specialty.” The hope was that such films would help rehabilitate affected veterans and also prevent future psychiatric casualties, and, in the process, that they would solidify the military’s reputation as a “healthful” set of institutions—or, at the very least, as institutions capable of providing effective psychiatric treatment for those in need. Because the so-called neuropsychiatric problem had become so large, threatening to “amount to the largest medical-social problem this country [had] ever faced,” documentary film was deemed necessary as a flexible instrument of education, rehabilitation, and public relations. Because the resulting films dealt with “death and the fear of death,” they were deemed widely relevant, particularly during the nuclear age. Their “focus is on the wartime patient,” noted a 1953 manual, “but the psychodynamics portrayed are generally applicable,” making these films helpful for the population at large. The postwar passage of the National Mental Health Act (1946) and the emergence of a bona fide mental health movement seemed to confirm this power, as government and civilian agencies continued to find new uses for the documentaries.
Selling “Psycho Films”
Authors: Tsika Noah
Published: May 2019

Trauma-themed military documentaries served a variety of promotional purposes—many of them strictly corporate—during and after World War II. These experiments in institutional advertising, with their emphasis on the therapeutic dimensions of extensive militarization, were hardly limited to the postwar period. In a fundamental sense, they originated with the military’s wartime efforts to contain widespread concerns regarding war trauma—efforts that met the militant tone of certain orientation films with a more measured, even somber reflection on the psychic costs of combat.
Introduction
Authors: Cadenhead Raphael A.
Published: May 2019

The introduction highlights significant lacunae in the reception history of Gregory’s thought and provides a number of terminological caveats to eschew potential anachronism when discussing his theorization of ascetical practice. It lays out the rationale for studying Gregory’s works in chronological order and provides a cursory overview of the findings of each phase in Gregory’s literary career. The introduction also offers a brief genealogy of Western twentieth-century scholarship on Gregory to understand why his thought was brought into counterpoint with contemporary discussions on gender and sexuality.
The Death of Siblings
Authors: Cadenhead Raphael A.
Published: May 2019

Chapter 5 considers the impact of the death of two of Gregory’s siblings, Basil and Macrina, on his ascetical theology. It begins with an analysis of the much-disputed question of the restoration of human genitalia in Gregory’s account of the general resurrection. The author argues that there are two rival anthropologies at play (one based on Genesis 1:27a–b, the other on Genesis 2), which offer different perspectives on the eschatological finality of sexual differentiation. Looking at Gregory’s writings diachronically reveals why these two anthropologies came into contact with each other during the middle phase of his literary career and why they do not reach a point of resolution or synthesis in his theorization on the restoration of human genitalia. These discussions of embodied difference prepare the way for a consideration of their spiritual and moral associations. By drawing attention to the neglected figure of Naucratius, one of Gregory’s brothers, who “overcame” his “manhood” to make advancements in the moral life, the author argues that male virility, for Gregory, needs to be renounced in the moral life just as much as female passion. Both male and female characteristics, which are deeply embedded in the fallen state of humanity, need to be chastened and transformed through the bodily disciplines of the ascetic life.
Remembering Martyrs
Authors: Heo Angie
Published: May 2019

“Remembering Martyrs” explores ritual practices of visualizing death and resurrection to analyze the internal dynamics of communal self-representation vis-à-vis the Egyptian state. This chapter analyzes the Two Saints' Martyrs, the victims of the 2011 bombing in Alexandria, whose collective memory catalyzed emblematic performances of Christian-Muslim unity calling for Mubarak's resignation. Martyrs' relics incorporate the laity into the body politic of divine sacrifice, transmit signs of papal authority, and set moral limits to the clerical hierarchy. At the heart of this chapter is the question of communal transformation and political accountability for violence.
Lives in Transit
Authors: Vogt Wendy A.
Published: May 2019

Propelled by structural conditions of violence and everyday insecurity, each year tens of thousands of people from Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador leave their homes in search of a more secure future. For those en route to the United States, they must first cross Mexico where transnational and state security regimes funnel them into clandestine routes where they encounter abuse, injury, extortion, police profiling, sexual violence and kidnapping. As unauthorized gendered and racialized others, migrants become implicated within a state-criminal nexus that profits from their plight. Moving beyond scholarship focused on fixed sending and receiving communities or borderlands, Lives in Transit focuses on the liminal spaces between these zones as crucial sites of ethnographic analysis to understand the complexity of contemporary mobilities and the ways structural forms of violence are rearticulated at the local level. Through the powerful testimonies of migrants still in the midst of their journeys and the people on the ground who care for them, this book provides a rare look into the everyday and often gendered logics of mobility, violence, security and intimacy within spaces of transit. From the intimate perspective of daily life in migrant shelters and local communities, it illuminates the strategies, social relations and economies of care that people engage as they negotiate their movements and their lives. It also bears witness to the emerging social movement around migrant rights that connects the intimate labors of individuals and families between and across borders.
Traffick and Taboo
Authors: Graham Wade
Published: May 2019

This chapter discusses the post-contact period of 1778–1848, which was one of radical change in Hawaii. Molokai was not central to the largest historical events of the period, which occurred instead on the larger islands. However, occasional violent battles shredded the social and physical fabric of native communities, and deeper, systemic changes were afoot that, at the end of the period, would lead to fundamental, even catastrophic, change: foreign people, weapons, organisms, trade goods, religion, and civic and legal institutions all came to Hawaii and engaged Hawaiian people, communities, institutions, and the natural systems they depended upon. The chapter sketches both the larger panorama of change in Hawaii and the Pacific Basin in the contexts of world and regional history and the foreground details of historical change in Molokai between the end of Polynesian isolation in Hawaii and the Mahele, the revolution of land tenure that marked the coming of Western legal, economic, and political norms to the Sandwich Islands kingdom.
A Good Land
Authors: Graham Wade
Published: May 2019

This chapter describes events from 1845 to 1869. By the time of the Mahele, much of Molokai was a shadow of its former self, its population having dropped steeply from a reported 6,000 in 1832 to about 3,400 in 1850; then, after recovering a few hundred by 1855, dropping further to 2,864 in 1860. The ruins of former hamlets, fishponds, and kalo loi were visible seemingly everywhere. Yet, because of its isolation, the island bore few marks of the new world outside: few haoles lived there, and almost all land was in Hawaiian hands; most residents subsisted on traditional farming and fishing, with some seasonal labor at Lahaina in the whaling economy; little shipping stopped there, and few of the biological intrusions such as invasive species and grazing animals had made an appearance. Nevertheless, a transition to the market economy was going on.
Solidaridad
Authors: Ryburn Megan
Published: May 2019

Chapter 5 uncovers the degree to which migrants are often excluded transnationally from social citizenship. The transnational space of social citizenship is defined in terms of tangible rights to shelter, education, and healthcare, but it also encompasses the less tangible right to family life and the necessity of having “social support.” Migrants’ experiences in relation to each of these domains are discussed, highlighting the worrying tendency toward a lack of solidaridad (solidarity) from Chilean service providers—a case study of six migrant women’s experiences of pregnancy and birth in Chile attest to this particularly.
Introduction
Authors: Sharp Lesley A.
Published: May 2019

The moral entanglements of human-animal relations have complex histories, as evidenced in anthropology’s longstanding interest in the relevance of interspecies encounters in shaping social worlds. This chapter begins with a history of my ethnographic project. I then discuss the long-term anthropological engagement with moral systems and the disciplinary relevance of the term ethos, where quotidian thought and action are central anthropological concerns. Ethos offers a potent approach to the study of science, where regulatory ethical frameworks overshadow the everyday and ordinary. I clarify the book’s terminology, with an important distinction between ethics (codified bioethical principles) and the unscripted, personal moral responses that animals inspire in the humans who work with them. Different animals inspire different moral responses; mammalian species are especially affectively potent, and certain kinds of animals (rats, dogs, monkeys) enable me to track different sorts of moral responses among lab personnel. As a result, certain kinds of animals will figure as a means to foreground particular themes and sentiments. I situate this work within the context of animal studies and science and technology studies, and I track the history of animal welfare and activism, especially in the United States and United Kingdom. The chapter concludes with an overview of my study. I also explain the relevance of the book’s three overarching sections, “Intimacy,” “Sacrifice,” and “Exceptionalism.”
Conclusion
Authors: Sharp Lesley A.
Published: May 2019

As noted in the introduction, throughout this book I have focused nearly exclusively on mammalian species, a decision driven by the assumption that they most readily inspire affective responses in humans who work in labs. Here I consider the affective potentialities of “the other animal,” employing zebrafish as an analytical foil. In so doing, I reconsider my own assumptions about the boundaries of interspecies empathy, asking why a ferret or dog is presumed so widely in science to matter more than nonmammalian creatures. Zebrafish are especially pertinent here because of a recent upsurge of concern for their welfare and care, set against emergent assumptions that fish can suffer, too. This example foregrounds the shifting, dialectical nature of human perceptions of animal value and hierarchies of the affective power of certain species over others. I conclude by offering a set of principles or what I flag as “moral proclamations” designed to inspire future moral thought and action in and about lab animal science among readers.
Unsettled Waters
Authors: Perramond Eric P.
Published: May 2019

Water rights adjudications happen quietly every day across the western United States, sorting Indian water rights, claims by cities, and use by agriculture. This book argues that these state-driven court procedures change what they purport to merely measure and understand about water within state boundaries. Adjudications have unwittingly brought back to the surface old disputes over the meaning of water and access to it. Because of their adversarial court process and identity cleaving between Indian and non-Indian water rights, the state simultaneously faces resistance and friction over water use. Unsettled Waters uses insights from ethnography, geography, and critical legal perspectives to demonstrate the power of local negotiation in water settlements and to examine the side effects of these legal agreements and lawsuits in New Mexico, a state struggling with water scarcity. As the process unfolded in the twentieth century, new expert measures and cultures of expertise developed into an adjudication-industrial complex. These added layers of bureaucracy and technology complicated the state’s view of water. Water users have also pushed back against the state and have used the glacial pace of adjudication to adapt to changes in water law while making new demands. The process will also now have to account for climate-related water supply shifts and unquantified Indian water rights, as well as the demands endangered species and rivers themselves. Adjudication in the twenty-first century may serve a completely different purpose than what it was designed for over a century ago.
From a Trickle to a Torrent
Authors: Childs Geoff , Choedup Namgyal
Published: May 2019

What happens to a community when the majority of young people move away for education? In Nubri, an ethnic Tibetan enclave in the highlands of Nepal, educational migration (the sending of children to distant institutions for schooling) has become a key component of a family management strategy that is driven by the prospect of social and economic rewards but that entails risk, uncertainty, and unforeseen consequences. The authors draw on ethnographic, demographic, and historical research to document how long-standing religious connections shape contemporary migrations and how population growth disparities open new schooling opportunities for Buddhist highlanders. They examine parents’ motives for sacrificing household labor in favor or sending children to distant schools and monasteries, a trend encapsulated in the oft-repeated phrase “better a pen in hand than a rope across the forehead.” The book concludes by investigating dilemmas associated with educational migration, including intergenerational skirmishes over marriage and household succession, threats to the family-based care system for the elderly, and a decline in the level of agricultural production needed to support local religious activities. From a Trickle to a Torrent chronicles a convergence of demographic and social processes that have led a Himalayan society to the brink of irreversible change.
The Household Succession Quandary
Authors: Childs Geoff , Choedup Namgyal
Published: May 2019

Chapter 8 explores the uncertainties of household succession that arise when parents relinquish the role of enculturating their children to village life. The analysis centers on the challenges associated with arranging marriages for sons and daughters who are raised in an urban environment where they develop new ideologies about love and livelihoods, as well as the compromises that parents and their children make to ensure household succession. The chapter concludes by describing how parents are recalling some sons from monasteries with the intention that they marry and assume responsibility for running the household, an emerging trend that highlights the ability of Nubri’s residents to adapt family management strategies to a rapidly changing society.
Investigating Kentucky’s LBGTQ Heritage
Authors: Fosl Catherine , Vivian Daniel
Published: May 2019

The Kentucky LGBTQ Heritage Context Study illustrates the promise and challenges of early investigations into LGBTQ history in a state in which queer life has rural and urban dimensions. In 2015–16, researchers from the Anne Braden Institute for Social Justice Research at the University of Louisville partnered with an LGBTQ-equality organization to examine the history of LGBTQ people in Kentucky. Outcomes included the nation’s first statewide LGBTQ context narrative, amendments to two National Register of Historic Places nominations, and new attention to underrecognized dimensions of LGBTQ experience. The project demonstrates the importance of existing relationships with LGBTQ communities and the difficulty of collecting archival material within the time constraints of a grant-funded project.
The Queerest House in Cambridge
Authors: Lowe Hilary Iris
Published: May 2019

One of the great challenges for public historians in LGBTQ history is finding and developing interpretation of the history of sexuality for public audiences at current historic sites. This article answers this challenge by repositioning historic house museums as sites of some of the most important LGBTQ public history we have, by using the Longfellow House–Washington’s Headquarters National Historic Site in Cambridge, Massachusetts, as a case study. At this house museum, we can re-see historical interpretation through a queer lens and take on histories that have been until recently “slandered, ignored, and erased” from our public narratives of the past.1
Queer Public History in Small-Town Wisconsin
Authors: Hommerding Christopher
Published: May 2019

This essay examines the interpretation of the lives and work of two queer men, Robert Neal and Edgar Hellum, at the Pendarvis Historic Site in the small town of Mineral Point, Wisconsin. Using this interpretation as a case study, the essay addresses how public historians might more fully incorporate the history of sexuality into historic site interpretative models. It suggests a number of strategies for helping visitors think critically about the history of sexuality and how our current understandings of sexual identity are not always useful or accurate ways of thinking about queer pasts.