bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Minimally invasive strabismus surgery versus paralimbal approach for horizontal strabismus surgery
Authors: Mahmoud Ola A.A. , Alkasaby Mohamed I. , Mohamed Sanaa A.
Published: March 2024

Background

Minimal invasion surgeries have gained popularity in many fields of ophthalmology. In strabismus surgery, a similar approach is done to gain access to muscles, which is performed through keyhole openings.

Objective

To compare between minimal invasive strabismus surgery (MISS) technique and limbal approach for horizontal rectus muscle regarding postoperative muscular alignment and postoperative complications.

Patients and methods

This study included 60 eyes (36 patients of different age and sex) presenting with horizontal strabismus. The first group included 30 eyes that were managed by MISS (patient group), and the second group included 30 eyes that were managed by the limbal approach (control group).

Results

No significant difference was found regarding postoperative pain, conjunctival redness, and ocular alignment. There was no significant increase in complications between the two groups. Operative time was longer in the MISS technique, with highly significant difference between the two groups.

Conclusion

MISS technique is an alternative technique to limbal incision that can be used on horizontal muscles. It has the same effect as the limbal approach with the same success rate. It has the advantages of sparing perilimbal episcleral vessels, which make some surgeon prefer it if there is fear of anterior segment ischemia.
A Step Towards Automated Haematology: DL Models for Blood Cell Detection and Classification
Authors: Rahat Irfan Sadiq , Ahmed Mohammed Altaf , Rohini Donepudi , Manjula A , Ghosh Hritwik , Sobur Abdus
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION: Deep Learning has significantly impacted various domains, including medical imaging and diagnostics, by enabling accurate classification tasks. This research focuses on leveraging deep learning models to automate the classification of different blood cell types, thus advancing hematology practices.
OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of five deep learning models - ResNet50, AlexNet, MobileNetV2, VGG16, and VGG19 - in accurately discerning and classifying distinct blood cell categories: Eosinophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, and Neutrophils. The study aims to identify the most effective model for automating hematology processes.
METHODS: A comprehensive dataset containing approximately 8,500 augmented images of the four blood cell types is utilized for training and evaluation. The deep learning models undergo extensive training using this dataset. Performance assessment is conducted using various metrics including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score.
RESULTS: The VGG19 model emerges as the top performer, achieving an impressive accuracy of 99% with near-perfect precision and recall across all cell types. This indicates its robustness and effectiveness in automated blood cell classification tasks. Other models, while demonstrating competence, do not match the performance levels attained by VGG19.
CONCLUSION: This research underscores the potential of deep learning in automating and enhancing the accuracy of blood cell classification, thereby addressing the labor-intensive and error-prone nature of traditional methods in hematology. The superiority of the VGG19 model highlights its suitability for practical implementation in real-world scenarios. However, further investigation is warranted to comprehend model performance variations and ensure generalization to unseen data. Overall, this study serves as a crucial step towards broader applications of artificial intelligence in medical diagnostics, particularly in the realm of automated hematology, fostering advancements in healthcare technology.
AI Fuzzy Based Prediction and Prorogation of Alzheimer's Cancer
Authors: Kolli Srinivas , Elangovan Muniyandy , Vamsikrishna M , Patro Pramoda
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION: Although decades of experimental and clinical research have shed a lot of light on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), there are still a lot of questions that need to be answered. The current proliferation of open data-sharing initiatives that collect clinical, routine, and biological data from individuals with Alzheimer's disease presents a potentially boundless wealth of information about a condition.
METHODS: While it is possible to hypothesize that there is no comprehensive collection of puzzle pieces, there is currently a proliferation of such initiatives. This abundance of data surpasses the cognitive capacity of humans to comprehend and interpret fully. In addition, the psychophysiology mechanisms underlying the whole biological continuum of AD may be investigated by combining Big Data collected from multi-omics studies. In this regard, Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers a robust toolbox for evaluating large, complex data sets, which might be used to gain a deeper understanding of AD. This review looks at the recent findings in the field of AD research and the possible obstacles that AI may face in the future.
RESULTS: This research explores the use of CAD tools for diagnosing AD and the potential use of AI in healthcare settings. In particular, investigate the feasibility of using AI to stratify patients according to their risk of developing AD and to forecast which of these patients would benefit most from receiving personalized therapies.
CONCLUSION: To improve these, fuzzy membership functions and rule bases, fuzzy models are trained using fuzzy logic and machine learning.
Omega results for the error term in the square-free divisor problem for square-full integers
Authors: Banerjee Debika , Minamide Makoto T.
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we investigate the distributive properties of square-free divisors over square-full integers. We first compute the mean value of the number of such divisors and obtain the error term which appears in its asymptotic formula. We then show that if one assumes the Riemann Hypothesis, then the omega estimate of such an error term can be drastically improved. Finally, we compute the omega estimate of the mean square of such an error term.
Seroprevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus and detection of persistently infected (PI) animals in dairy farms of Holeta, central Ethiopia
Authors: Birhanu Worku , Tesfaye Asamenew , Getachew Yitbarek , Negussie Haileleul
Published: March 2024

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the most important pathogens of the reproductive systems that have a significant  socio economic impact on the dairy industry. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 17 randomly selected farms out of 133 registered  dairy farms in Holeta, a town in the Walmera district of Ethiopia. The study aimed to detect BVDV antigen-positive animals and investigate  the seroprevalence of BVDV infection. A total of 337 serum samples were collected from selected farms with no history of  BVDV vaccination. The indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) test was the screening test used to detect antibodies  against BVDV. In contrast, antigencapture ELISA was used for the detection of BVDV antigens in seronegative animals. A logistic  regression model was used to assess the association between potential predictors and BVDV exposure. The overall animal level  seroprevalence was 15.4%, and 64.7% of the herds had at least one seropositive animal. From 285 seronegative animals, one animal  (0.4%) was found positive for BVDV antigen. The same animal was found positive in a double check 21 days later. In this study, cows with  a history of abortion (OR = 6.3; 95% CI: 1.61 -13.1), history of repeated breeding (OR = 7; 95% CI: 2.5 - 14.3), animals managed intensively  (OR = 4.6; 95% CI: 1.6 - 13.0) and multiparous cows (OR = 3.6; 95% CI: 1.5 - 8.9) had higher proportion of seroreactors in their respective  comparison category (p<0.05). Besides, cows with a history of congenital defective calve birth (OR = 15.2; 95% CI: 3.2 - 73.6), adult age  groups (OR = 2.9; 95% CI: 1.0-7.9), and cows bred both artificially and natural mating (OR = 4.6; 95% CI: 1.7 - 12.6) were statistically  associated with BVDV seropositivity (p<0.05). In conclusion, this report demonstrated the presence of persistently infected (PI) dairy cattle  in Ethiopia. Thus, the findings warrant the need for immediate control intervention that involves both screening and culling of PI   animals and vaccination.
Influence of improvement strategies on teachers’ perceived teaching effectiveness in calabar metropolis of cross river state, nigeria.
Authors: Victoria Atah  Abanyam , Grace Onya Edu , Charles Edet Kingsley
Published: March 2024

The main purpose of this study was to examine the influence of improvement strategies on teachers’ perceived teaching effectiveness in Calabar Metropolis of Cross River State, Nigeria. The research design that was adopted in the conduct of this study is the Ex-Post Facto research design. Ex-post Facto research design is a design where the researcher does not have direct control of the independent variables, because their manifestation has already occurred. The variables involved in the study cannot be manipulated. The population of this study comprised all 6 principals, 72 vice principals and 1290 secondary school teachers in 21 public secondary schools in Calabar Metropolis (State Secondary Education Board, Cross River State, 2021). Calabar Metropolis consist of two Local Government Areas; namely, Calabar South and Calabar Municipality respectively). There are 8 public secondary schools in Calabar South and 16 public secondary schools in Calabar Municipality. Three research questions were poised and three statement of hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. A sample of 309 respondents was used in the study using Taro Yamane’s formula. The instruments that were used for data collection were a questionnaire titled Improvement Strategies; Principals’ Role Scale (ISPRS) and Teachers’ Teaching Effectiveness Questionnaire (TTEQ) designed by the researchers. The instrument that was used for data collection is a questionnaire titled Improvement Strategies and Principals’ Role Scale (ISPRS). The instrument comprised two sections A and B. Section A of the instrument consists of demographic sub-variables meant to obtain personal information about the subjects used in this study. Section B comprised 15-structured items questionnaire covering the sub-variables, in a four-point modified Likert Scale items. The internal consistency of the research instrument (ISQ) was tested using the Cronbach Alpha reliability estimate method. The statistical tool used for analysis is one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that there was significant influence of in-service training, motivation and teachers’ involvement in decision-making on teaching effectiveness in public secondary schools in the study area. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that teachers should be exposed to regular in-service training to help them acquire the requisite skills that will make them productive in their service delivery.
The Assessment of Public Health Capacities at Local Self-governments in Serbia
Authors: Cvetković Vladimir , Tanasić Jasmina , Öcal Adem , Živković-Šulović Mirjana , Ćurić Nedeljko , Milojević Stefan , Knežević Snežana
Published: March 2024

The objective of this quantitative study was to examine the impact of selected factors on the level and state of public health capacities in local self-government units in 2021. This survey included 77 out of 145 local self-government units in the Republic of Serbia and examined six dimensions defined by the Law on Public Health. The results of the Pearson correlation showed that there were statistically significant correlations between the effectiveness of the realized program budget and microbiologically defective drinking water samples from the so-called village water supply systems, defective samples of drinking water from public taps, unsatisfactory analyses of wastewater samples, and the number of mandated fines issued. The results of the logistic regression model showed that the local self-government units that received assistance from the Standing Conference of Towns and Municipalities were 5.6 times more likely to perform analyses of their health status.
Świat post-naturalny? Teoretyczne, empiryczne i artystyczne rewizje
Authors: Rewers Ewa
Published: March 2024

This article explores approaches to wilderness in contemporary urban spaces and the demarcations drawn through the concepts of nature vs culture, politics vs art, science vs narratives, city vs wild life in urban studies, philosophy and environmental art. The argument about the new forms of wild life, such as charismatic animals and weeds in cites, impacts the way in which we think about the encounters between posthuman philosophy, urban ecology and art. The paper seeks to pose the questions of post-natural world anew, in ways that allow for a resolution of the tension between contrary concept of wilderness and urban practices. It argues that all forms of life (human and wild) are connected, reassembled and exposed both materially and discursive in urban socio-ecological systems. This interconnectedness penetrates all dimensions and scales of urban life and is transferable from urban ecology to environmental art, from philosophy to politics, from popular culture to urban environment.
India on the Way of Successful Transformations: Development Model
Authors: Lukash O.
Published: March 2024

The study presents an attempt to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the Republic of India’s development model from the time of its formation in 1950 to the present days and to characterize achievements and problems along the path of transformation from a post-colonial, backward country to a state claiming a leading position in the world. It is proven that the country chose an effective but complicated hybrid development model for modernization transformations. The Indian model is significantly different from the East Asian model, it is not like any other, so it is a special type of development model. It has been proven that researchers are faced with a huge transition economy with pronounced contrasts. In particular, a high level of education and a large sector of highly qualified specialists are combined with hundreds of millions of illiterate people and a significant middle class, not present in every transition economy, with mass poverty. The presence of contrasts is characteristic of all countries with transition economies that are developing rapidly. However, India has a feature that is almost unique – a combination of the so-called "three worlds", three socio-economic development models observed in our time. This peculiar “mix” made it possible to rationally use the features and advantages of each of the specified systems at various stages of the country's development. A special model of progress enabled India to overcome (or to reduce) a significant number of the most difficult economic, scientific and technical, social problems, make a colossal leap from colonial backwardness to global leadership, and become an interesting and useful example for many countries. Such a unique combination is obviously not found in any other country, and it largely determines the features of the Indian development model and successful transformations on the path to modernization.
Identification of Factors of Low Grades and Academic Failure of Medical Students
Authors:   MBChB. PhD Physiology, Department of Pysiology, College of Medicine, Tikrit University, Saladdin, IRAQ, Musleh Dr. Alaa Mufaq
Published: March 2024

Background: Students are human capital and future of all countries, several factors affect students’ academic status leading to academic burnout and possibly academic failure, academic failure can delay finding a job and lead to frustration, loss of morale, and ultimately result in a large cost. Several factors may lead to academic failure, such as age, gender, scientific background, motivation and interest in the field, marital status, occupation status, place of residence, parental employment and education level, financial ability and others. Academic failure of students is not a personal problem, but rather a social issue; therefore, fundamental steps must be taken toward addressing the issue. Aim: The aim of study to Determine academic failure and related factors among medical students of Tikrit university college of medicine. Subject and methods: The current study is cross section study type was carried out in medical students from 21th of November 2022 to the 5th of March 2023.The study design was by convenient sampling, from medical students .The Exclusion criteria of participants was all students with a good academic level, while all other students were included in the study.The data was collected using Google form Questinaire. Results: The total samples of study was (202), the bad time management is the most factors affecting on students with low grades (93%), work while studying (49%), family responsibility (25%), Psychological problems (10.4%), pathological problems (6%), Low economic state (5.4%). the students with second trial had highest bad time management (35.4%), work while studying (25.8%). The poor teaching quality is the highest percentage (50%) of evaluation, moderate (32%), good (14%), (4%) excellent. the students satisfaction with effective teaching methods is moderate (44%), poor (36%), good (17%) and excellent (3%). Conclusions: The bad time management is the most factors affecting on students with low grades.
The Role of Brand Satisfaction and Brand Trust as Intervening between Brand Experience and Brand Loyalty in Belle Crown Beauty Clinic, Malang City
Authors:   Student of Postgraduate Magister Management, University of Merdeka Malang, Indonesia, Oshinnah Oshinnah , Respati Harianto ,   Postgraduate Program Universitas Merdeka Malang, Indonesia, Haryanto Sugeng ,   Postgraduate Program Universitas Merdeka Malang, Indonesia
Published: March 2024

This research concentrates on brand loyalty and the factors that influence it, including brand experience, brand satisfaction, and brand trust. This research aims to analyze the impact of brand experience on brand loyalty while examining the mediating effect of brand satisfaction and trust at Belle Crown Malang Beauty Clinic. This research is a descriptive study with a sample size of 118. The sample selection technique uses Simple Random Sampling. The next step involved the analysis of the data through the use of the Structural Equation Modeling method. Based on the data analysis results, brand experience has a direct and significant effect on brand loyalty, and brand experience through brand satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on brand loyalty. Hence, the brand experience through brand trust also positively and significantly affects brand loyalty. Next, brand satisfaction also has a direct and significant effect on brand loyalty, while brand trust does not have a direct and significant effect on brand loyalty.
The Influence of Educational Level and Work Experience on the Quality of Financial Reporting of Village-Owned Enterprises
Authors:   Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kerinci, Sungai Penuh – Jambi - 37111, Sarmigi Elex , Desiana Desiana ,   Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kerinci, Sungai Penuh – Jambi - 37111, Azhar Azhar ,   Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kerinci, Sungai Penuh – Jambi - 37111, Harahap Samsul Bahry ,   Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kerinci, Sungai Penuh – Jambi - 37111, Bustami Bustami ,   Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kerinci, Sungai Penuh – Jambi - 37111, Nilda Elvi ,   Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kerinci, Sungai Penuh – Jambi - 37111, Sumanti Eva ,   Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kerinci, Sungai Penuh – Jambi - 37111, Novindani Gladis ,   Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kerinci, Sungai Penuh – Jambi - 37111
Published: March 2024

This research aims to find out whether the level of education and work experience influences the quality of BUMDes financial reports in Siulak District. This research aims to find out whether the level of education and work experience influences the quality of BUMDes financial reports in Siulak District. In this research, the data collection techniques and tools used are quantitative data analysis techniques, and the analysis method used is the multiple linear regression analysis method. The results of this research partially show that the level of education has a positive and significant effect on the quality of financial reports, and work experience has a positive and significant effect on the quality of financial reports. Based on simultaneous test results, the level of education and work experience have a significant effect on the quality of financial reports.
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Presenting with Acute Abdomen in a Non- Government Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors:   Professor of Medicine, Uttara Adhunik Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh, TA Shah , MF Matin ,   Associate Professor, Radiology & Imaging, Uttara Adhunik Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh
Published: March 2024

A 60-year-old diabetic and hypertensive post-menopausal lady, presented at a tertiary care Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh with severe abdominal pain in the right middle and lower abdomen, associated with oliguria for 1 day. She also gave history of having high grade fever and headache for 3 days, which subsided 2 days ago. On examination, she was afebrile, mildly dehydrated, tachycardic (PR- 110/min), hypotensive (BP- 90/60 mm Hg), Tourniquet Test was positive. Her abdomen was tense and diffusely tender, especially in the right middle and lower parts, bowel sound was present, no organomegaly or lump was found. S. Lipase was normal, Anti-dengue Antibody IgM and IgG were positive, CBC revealed Hemoglobin – 8.6 gm/dL, Hematocrit was raised- 52%, Platelet count was 16000/ microliter, Stool for OBT was negative, RBS- 16 mmol/L and Urine RME and ketone bodies was negative. A provisional diagnosis of Dengue Hemorrhagic fever with suspected intra- abdominal bleeding was made and she was shifted to ICU.
Assessment of the influence of the toxic effect of municipal solid waste on the ecological state of the soil
Authors: Kucherova Anna V. , Kolesnikov Sergey I. , Hrapay Ekaterina S. , Minnikova Tatyana V. , Kuzina Anna A.
Published: March 2024

Introduction. Тhe municipal solid waste of pollution negatively affects on the state of the environment, since during their storage on the territory of landfills and the adjacent territory, accumulation of heavy metals (HM) can change the biological indicators of soil conditions: microbiological, biochemical, and phytotoxic.
The aim of the study was to assess the influence of the toxic effect of the municipal waste landfill “Azov” in the Rostov region on the ecological state of the soil.
Materials and methods. It was explored the influence of municipal solid waste landfill “Azov” of the Rostov region on the ecological condition of the ordinary chernozem in the landfill and adjacent territory (140, 260, 380, and 540 m). The content of heavy metals in the soil, such as chromium (Cr), strontium (Sr), zinc (Zn), vanadium (V), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) were defined. The ecological state is assessed by sensitive and informative-biological indicators of soil pollution: the abundance of bacteria of the genus Azotobacter, the total prevalence of soil bacteria, the activity of catalase, dehydrogenases.
Results. Soils were found to contaminate with arsenic by MAC / TAC (exceeding the MAC by 7 times at the landfill and exceeding the MAC by 4 to 6 times in the territory). Pollution with heavy metals according to German MACs with chromium exceeded by 1.4 times). The highest concentration of heavy metals prevailed in the body of the landfill. Depending on distance from the landfill the concentration of heavy metals in the soil decreased. HM contamination leads to negative consequences for the ecological state of ordinary chernozem: the total number of bacteria decreases (until to 95% of the control), the number of the genus Azotobacter decreases (up to 95% of the control), the activity of catalase (up to 25% of the control) and dehydrogenase decreases (up to 30% of control) and increased soil phytotoxicity (up to 60% of control). It can be concluded that the exploitation of the landfill leads to a deterioration of the environmental situation on the territory of the landfill and beyond.
Limitations. The ecotoxic effect of HMs on soils less buffered to pollution will be higher than on the chernozems studied in the article.
Conclusion. The Landfill “Azov” was found to impact on the microbiological, biochemical, and phytotoxic parameters of the soil negatively. This problem connects with influence of heavy metals which get into the soil of during the operation of the landfill. The most sensitive and informative biological indicators are total number of bacteria and length of radish roots.
Effect of chronic intake of cadmium chloride on the transcriptional activity of metallothionein and zinc transporter genes
Authors: Gizatullina Alina A. , Valova Yana V. , Smolyankin Denis A. , Khusnutdinova Nadezhda Yu. , Karimov Denis O. , Karimov Denis D. , Mukhammadiyeva Guzel F. , Repina Elvira F.
Published: March 2024

Introduction. Cadmium chloride is an inorganic compound containing cadmium, a heavy metal that is one of the active environmental pollutants today. Damage to organs in experimental animals due to cadmium poisoning is similar to that in humans. In this work, the activity of metallothionein and zinc transporters genes was studied in a chronic model of cadmium-induced poisoning in experimental animals.
Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out using seventy two individuals of white inbred rats of both sexes, the average weight of which was 215 g. Animals from four groups were injected with a solution of cadmium chloride in four different doses, respectively, individuals of the fifth group, the control group, received an equimolar volume of pure water. The objects of the study were the kidneys and livers of rats, removed after the animals were withdrawn from the experiment. Next, the activity of the Mt1A, Mt2A, Mt3A, Zip1 and Znt1 genes was analyzed in organ samples using real-time PCR.
Results. Significant increases in the expression multiplicity of Mt1A, Mt2A and Mt3A metallothionein genes in the kidneys at different doses of the toxicant were revealed. In liver samples, a decrease in the expression of the Mt2A gene was found in the experimental group exposed to cadmium chloride at a dose
of 0.1 mg/kg (p<0.05). For the Znt1 gene in rat liver tissue, there was a statistically significant decrease in expression at a dose of 0.001 mg/kg (p<0.05)
and, conversely, an increase at doses of 0.1 and 1 mg/kg (p<0.05) compared to the control group. Analysis of the level of transcripts of the Zip1 gene in the kidneys and liver after 6 months of inoculation with the toxicant in the presented doses did not reveal statistically significant differences between the groups.
Limitations. Laboratory animals of the only biological species were used for the experiment. Four doses of the cadmium salt alone were evaluated.
Conclusion. The results obtained allow concluding that the level of expression of the Mt1A, Mt2A and Mt3A genes in the kidneys can play the role of a diagnostic marker in chronic poisoning with the toxicant under study.
Neurotoxic effects of cadmium chloride exposure combined with physical activity and protective effect of bioprophylactic agents
Authors: Ryabova Yuliya V. , Shabardina Lada V. , Keskevich Aleksandr A. , Minigalieva Ilzira A. , Sutunkova Marina P. , Butakova Inna V. , Bateneva Vlada A. , Privalova Larisa I.
Published: March 2024

Introduction. Chemical compounds possessing of a neurotropic effect are extremely widespread in industry, which makes the problem of neurotoxicity relevant for occupational medicine. Since industrial workers are often exposed to a combination of both physical and chemical work-related risk factors, a complex adverse health effect of the latter should be considered.
Our objective was to study neurotoxic effects of exposure to cadmium chloride combined with physical activity in a subchronic experiment on rats and assess the efficacy of a biological prophylactic complex.
Material and methods. For six weeks, 0.77 mg/kg b.w. of cadmium chloride was intraperineally instilled to outbred male albino rats thrice a week. Five times a week, the rodents were forced to run for 10 minutes at a speed of 25 m/min. During the entire exposure period, half of the animals received a specially developed bioprophylactic complex consisting of pectin, monosodium glutamate, and a multivitamin/multimineral supplement with feed and drink.
Results. In combination with physical activity, cadmium exposure caused depression, anxiety, low exploratory behaviour, and spatial memory disturbances. The developed bioprophylactic complex helped mitigate toxic effects of cadmium aggravated with intense physical activity and improve the general condition of the rodents.
Limitations. The experiment was limited to examining the behaviour of male rats following subchronic exposure to a single dose of cadmium.
Conclusions. Subchronic exposure to cadmium combined with physical activity can induce certain neurotoxic effects. Administration of the specially developed complex of biological protectors has shown to attenuate or minimize these effects. Similar measures can be taken to diminish risks of adverse health consequences of the factors studied.
Effect of subchronic use of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine on contractile activity of isolated lymphatic vessels
Authors: Nechaykina Olga V. , Petunov Sergey G. , Laptev Denis S. , Bobkov Dmitry V.
Published: March 2024

Introduction. Unsymmetric dimethylhydrazine (UDMH, heptyl) is widely used as a rocket fuel. Heptyl belongs to especially dangerous substances (hazard class I). UDMH with chronic intragastric administration has a cardiotropic effect, which served as the basis for studying its effect on the contractile activity of lymphatic vessels, since they are part of the vascular system. In addition, lymphatic vessels are considered as objects similar in terms of parameters of phase contractile activity with the heart and having a certain commonality of regulatory mechanisms of cardiomyocytes and smooth muscle cells of lymphangions.
Materials and methods. The toxic effect of UDMH was evaluated on a model of isolated rat lymphatic vessels with subchronic intragastric administration of heptyl for 28 days at doses of 0.02; 0.2; and 2 mg/kg.
Results. The use of UDMH in all studied doses led to a decrease in the contractile activity of lymphatic vessels, which manifested itself in the suppression of the frequency and amplitude of contractions and, as a consequence, the integral indicator – minute productivity. At the same time, the tonic voltage increased dose-dependent. When assessing the state of the endothelium of lymphatic vessels using acetylcholine, a decrease (inversion) of the response of lymphangions to the vasodilator was revealed.
Limitations of the study. The study was performed on male white rats and does not take into account gender differences in the effect of NDMG on lymphatic vessels.
Conclusion. As a result of the study, it was found that UDMH in doses of 0.02; 0.2; and 2 mg/kg causes inhibition of the pumping function of lymphatic vessels, due to a violation of the processes of both excitation and contraction in smooth muscle cells of lymphangions.
Mass hydrogen sulfide poisoning and the role of forensic medical examination in proving
Authors: Kuznetsov Semyon V. , Reinuk Vladimir L. , Lodyagin Aleksei N. , Batotsyrenov Bair V. , Molin Yuri A. , Litvincev Bogdan S. , Sinenchenko Andrej G. , Kuznetsova Alexandra A. , Kirsanova Nadezhda A.
Published: March 2024

Introduction. Using the example of practical observation, the article describes the features of mass hydrogen sulfide poisoning, as well as the role of the therapeutic and diagnostic process and forensic medical examination in proving it.
The aim of the study was to develop effective principles of a comprehensive forensic expert assessment of a case of mass hydrogen sulfide poisoning, as well as to highlight the leading aspects of the role of the therapeutic and diagnostic process in proving the harm to health caused by an environmental crime.
Material and methods. The material of the study was a case of mass hydrogen sulfide poisoning of residents of the village of Samorodovo of the Orenburg region, which served as the basis for the introduction of an intermunicipal emergency regime on the territory of Orenburg and the Orenburg region. 35 conclusions of the forensic medical examination, 35 medical histories, 1 conclusion of the forensic environmental examination, 1 indictment and 1 sentence were subjected to retrospective analysis.
Results. Based on the analysis of the considered case of mass poisoning, it can be concluded that to prove a number of environmental crimes, conducting a forensic environmental examination alone is not enough, since objective medical data on the state of health of the victims are also required to establish circumstances significant for the investigation. In other words, the information necessary for the investigation can be obtained only through the most complete clinical and laboratory-instrumental examination of all victims, followed by a forensic medical assessment of the data obtained.
Limitations. The conducted research was carried out as part of an initiative research work on the analysis of environmental crimes committed on the territory of the Russian Federation in the period from 2016 to 2021. The analyzed documents were provided by the relevant regional divisions of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation by prior agreement and included only materials of criminal cases completed by the investigation.
Conclusion. The results obtained in the framework of this study clearly demonstrate that in situations like the one described, the presence of even minor diagnostic manifestations of poisoning, and most importantly their objective fixation in medical documentation, allow us to obtain the information necessary to establish the objective truth in the case.
Evaluating Cognitive Factors of Attitude Formation: The Impact of the Consumer’s Level of Education on the Formation of Attitudes Towards Health Behaviour
Authors: Kondrotienė Edita , Bakanauskas Arvydas Petras , Jezukevičienė Edita
Published: March 2024

The article reviews the impact of cognitive factors on the formation of consumer attitudes towards health behaviour. Following a short overview of the cognitive component (level) of attitude formation and its factors, as well as a theoretical model of the formation of attitudes towards health behaviour, the results of the empirical study are presented to measure the impact of the consumer’s level of education on the formation of consumer attitudes towards health behaviour. The evaluation of the results provides some insights, conclusions and directions for future research.
EDUCAÇÃO EM FOCO: A PERCEPÇÃO DOS ESTUDANTES DO ENSINO SUPERIOR ACERCA DA OFERTA NO BRASIL
Authors: Recima 21 Revista , Magera Conceição Marcio
Published: March 2024

Este estudo, realizado pela Associação Brasileira das Mantenedoras das Faculdades e a Universidade de Guarulhos, investiga a percepção dos estudantes do ensino superior brasileiro sobre a oferta de educação presencial e à distância (EAD). Com a participação de 4.307 indivíduos de todos os estados brasileiros, a pesquisa revela uma preferência pela modalidade presencial, embora a EAD seja considerada por sua flexibilidade e menor custo. A educação superior no Brasil é marcada pela evolução significativa nas últimas décadas, influenciada por mudanças econômicas, demográficas e tecnológicas, especialmente com o aumento da oferta e demanda por EAD. O estudo aponta que, apesar de a EAD ser uma opção atrativa para muitos devido à sua conveniência e acessibilidade, há uma clara preferência dos estudantes pela educação presencial, associada a uma percepção de maior qualidade e valorização no mercado de trabalho. Os participantes da pesquisa, majoritariamente mulheres, com idades entre 31 e 40 anos, provenientes de escolas públicas e com renda familiar mensal de até R$ 2.900, expressaram várias preocupações com a modalidade EAD, incluindo a falta de interação direta com professores e colegas, dificuldades em manter a motivação e a autodisciplina, e preocupações com a qualidade e o reconhecimento dos cursos à distância. A análise dos dados coletados sugere que as instituições de ensino superior devem considerar essas percepções ao desenvolver ou expandir suas ofertas de EAD, enfatizando a qualidade do ensino, o suporte ao aluno, e a inclusão de componentes práticos presenciais em cursos predominantemente à distância.
Generative Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education: Exploring Ways of Harnessing Pedagogical Practices with the Assistance of ChatGPT
Authors: Nikolopoulou Kleopatra
Published: March 2024

There is a growing interest in using generative artificial intelligence (AI) for educational purposes within the higher education environments, while AI applications (such as ChatGPT) can transform traditional teaching and learning methods. ChatGPT is an advanced AI tool that generates new content and human-like responses. The purpose of this paper is to use ChatGPT as a research assistant in order to explore ways AI can be harnessed to enhance pedagogical practices in higher education. This is a qualitative study, in which the output-responses generated by ChatGPT provided a starting point for the investigation. AI can be harnessed to enhance pedagogical practices in higher education in various ways including personalized learning, automated assessment and feedback generation, virtual assistants and chatbots, content creation, resource recommendation, time management, language translation and support, research assistance, simulations and virtual labs. Other educational affordances that can strengthen the teaching and learning experience regard collaboration and communication, accessibility and inclusivity, as well as AI literacy. When implementing AI tools such as ChatGPT in higher education, ethical considerations (e.g., data privacy, transparency, accessibility, cultural sensitivity), potential misuses and concerns need to also be addressed. Although ChatGPT can aid the generation of content-ideas for further exploration, it is a complementary-supportive tool, and its output necessitates human evaluation and review. The integration of ChatGPT and other AI tools in the higher educational process/practices has implications for educators, students, design of curricula, and university policy makers.
 
 
Received: 17 January 2024 | Revised: 27 February 2024 | Accepted: 19 March 2024 
 
Conflicts of Interest
The author declares that she has no conflicts of interest to this work.
 
Data Availability Statement
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.
Statistic analysis of IPL match score and winner inning wise using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Preety Preety , Ray Sachin Kumar , Yadav Meenakshi , Khare Akhilendra , Vidushi Vidushi
Published: March 2024

This study explains the statistical analysis of cricket match score prediction using machine learning. According to recent changes in data science and sports, the use of sports-based machine learning and data mining shows the importance of process in outcome performance and prediction. The scope of this research paper is to evaluate current measurements used in the previous work to understand the estimation the ways used to model and analyze data and characterize the variables that govern performance using statistical methods. Actually, this research article will present a reliable statistical tool for data analysis using machine learning algorithms. At present, sports organizations produce enough statistical information on every player, team, match, and season for particular related sports. The first sports researchers were thought to be experts, coaches, team managers, and analysts. Sports organizations want to do statistical analysis of player from their previous data stored on their database using different data mining and machine learning algorithms. Sports data helps coaches and managers in many ways, such as predicting results, analyzing player performance, and skills, and evaluating strategies. Forecasts help managers and organizations make decisions to win teams and competitions. The current evaluation of research shows that primary studies of data mining systems can predict outcomes and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of each system. Statistical analyses are made for each match for result predictions. Although in many respects this application is very limited. These are prime factors which important to examine machine learning algorithms in these situations to see if the application can give the nearest results in analysis. This research aims to give solutions that will help to make predictions more accurate and precise than previous methods, using more accurate data and machine learning.
Regimes of participation: theorising participatory archives from the outset of archivists' views on archival institutions and user participation in Scandinavia
Authors: Huvila Isto
Published: March 2024

Introduction: In spite of the prominence of the notion of participatory archives, there is no consensus of what participation entails in archival contexts and a lack of theory to explain the mechanisms underpinning the diversity of views.
Method: Norwegian and Swedish archivists were surveyed as a part of the international ALMPUB research project for their views on user participation and how these views relate to their understanding of the role and the raison d’être of archives and archival institutions. The survey findings were used as a basis for theory development.
Analysis: The data were analysed using exploratory factor analysis and descriptive statistics. The results of the factor analysis theorised as subject positions relating to views pertaining to archival participation and the societal role of archival institutions.
Results: The analysis shows that the professionals’ perceptions of the rationale and impact of participation and the societal role of archives and archival institutions forms clusters were interpreted as relating to regimes of participation.
Conclusions: Drawing on the theorising of Boltanski and Thévenot, the alignments of the perceptions to archives’ raisons d’être and archival participation are explained in terms of four regimes of participation: 1) participation as an intrinsically valuable activity; 2) participation as a complement to professional work in the records continuum; 3) professional work as an auxiliary activity to participation of experts; and 4) participation as a means of producing additional value for archival institutions, i.e., arrangements of framing the justification and value of participation in, with and for archival institutions. It is, however, possible to imagine additional regimes that correspond with the social worlds of Boltanski and Thévenot not represented by them, including the inspired (participation as a source of inspiration) and domestic worlds (domiciliary participation), and the world by project (participatory project). The study suggests that inquiring into the justifications and regimes of worth attached to participation helps to refute simplistic assumptions of what participation entails and recognise the variety of participatory engagements and their diverging implications for different types of archival institutions and their diverse stakeholders.
Who is using ChatGPT and why?: extending the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model
Authors: Lee Sangwon , Jones-Jang S. Mo , Chung Myojung , Kim Nuri , Choi Jihyang
Published: March 2024

Introduction. Since its public launch, ChatGPT has gained the world's attention, demonstrating the immense potential of artificial intelligence (AI).
Method. To explore factors influencing the adoption of ChatGPT, we ran structural equation modelling to test the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model while incorporating relative risk (vs. benefit) perception and emotional factors into its original form to gain a better understanding of the process.
Analysis. This study utilized partial least squares–structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS4.
Results. The findings revealed that in addition to individuals' technology-specific perceptions (i.e., performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions), relative risk perception and emotional factors play significant roles in predicting favourable attitude and behaviour intentions towards ChatGPT.
Conclusions. Our extended model fits the data well, suggesting that it is not merely a matter of convenience but also of people's reservations, expectations, and emotions toward technology, which significantly influence their willingness to adopt ChatGPT.
Reorienting information searching research by applying a situated abilities perspective
Authors: Berget Gerd
Published: March 2024

Introduction. In studies of information searching, people are often characterised with perpetual physical, sensory and cognitive abilities. Situational factors that may affect human abilities are less considered, although they may have an impact on information searching behaviour. For example, a person with dyslexia may struggle with inputting correctly spelled queries. Spelling skills, however, may also be influenced by fatigue, illness, or using a mobile phone while walking. All types of users can therefore at certain times experience challenges related to query input.
Method. This theoretical paper explores the concept of situated abilities in the context of information searching. Eight personas are constructed and used in a discussion of how a change of perspective on human abilities can provide a valuable contribution to research.
Analysis. The personas are based upon empirical findings of user behaviour and are discussed in relation to theoretical frameworks and models.
Results. Human abilities are dynamic and affected by a variety of situational factors. All people experience temporary impairments during their lives. It would therefore be purposeful to reorient information searching research by applying a situated abilities perspective.
Conclusion. A situated abilities perspective may result in more inclusive search systems for all types of users.
Training in open access for doctoral students: results of a survey of current and recent students and supervisors
Authors: Wakeling Simon , Shephard Monique , Jamali Hamid H. R.
Published: March 2024

Introduction. This study aimed to understand the extent to which doctoral students receive training relating to open access publishing, and the form of that training.
Method. An international online survey of 1,569 current and recent doctoral students and supervisors was undertaken. Questions covered the extent and nature of training in open access offered to doctoral students, sources of respondents’ open access knowledge, and their perspectives on open access.
Analysis. Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted with some non-parametric tests. Free-text data were thematically analysed.
Results. The large majority of current and recent doctoral students and supervisors indicated there was no mandatory open access training at their institutions. More than half of respondents thought they had good or excellent understanding of open access, with those who had completed training more likely to highly rate their understanding. Only 27% of respondents felt the level of training offered was sufficient. Respondents suggested that institutions could take further action to support understanding of open access.
Conclusion. There is a need for institutions to develop further training in open access. Researchers who undertake training in report a better level of understanding of open access and place more importance on it as a factor in selecting a journal.