bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Not straightforward: modelling non-linearity in training load and injury research
Authors: Bache-Mathiesen Lena Kristin , Andersen Thor Einar , Dalen-Lorentsen Torstein , Clarsen Benjamin , Fagerland Morten Wang
Published: August 2021

Objectives

To determine whether the relationship between training load and injury risk is non-linear and investigate ways of handling non-linearity.

Methods

We analysed daily training load and injury data from three cohorts: Norwegian elite U-19 football (n=81, 55% male, mean age 17 years (SD 1)), Norwegian Premier League football (n=36, 100% male, mean age 26 years (SD 4)) and elite youth handball (n=205, 36% male, mean age 17 years (SD 1)). The relationship between session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) and probability of injury was estimated with restricted cubic splines in mixed-effects logistic regression models. Simulations were carried out to compare the ability of seven methods to model non-linear relationships, using visualisations, root-mean-squared error and coverage of prediction intervals as performance metrics.

Results

No relationships were identified in the football cohorts; however, a J-shaped relationship was found between sRPE and the probability of injury on the same day for elite youth handball players (p<0.001). In the simulations, the only methods capable of non-linear modelling relationships were the quadratic model, fractional polynomials and restricted cubic splines.

Conclusion

The relationship between training load and injury risk should be assumed to be non-linear. Future research should apply appropriate methods to account for non-linearity, such as fractional polynomials or restricted cubic splines. We propose a guide for which method(s) to use in a range of different situations.
Exercise-induced hypoxia among emergency department patients admitted for suspected COVID-19
Authors: Davies Peter , Jones Timothy , Bartilotti-Matos Francisca , Crowe Tim , Russell Andrew , Sykes Catie
Published: August 2021

Background

Exercise-induced hypoxia (EIH) has been assessed at ED triage as part of an assessment of COVID-19; however, evidence supporting this practice is incomplete. We assessed the use of a 1-minute sit-to-stand exercise test among ED patients admitted for suspected COVID-19.

Methods

A case note review of all ED patients assessed for suspected COVID-19 between March and May 2020 at Monklands University Hospital was conducted. Demographic characteristics, clinical parameters, baseline blood tests and radiographic findings, hospital length of stay, intensive care and maximum oxygen requirement were obtained for those admitted. Using logistic regression, the association between EIH at admission triage and COVID-19 diagnosis was explored adjusting for confounding clinical parameters.

Results

Of 127 ED patients admitted for possible COVID-19, 37 were ultimately diagnosed with COVID-19. 36.4% of patients with COVID-19 and EIH had a normal admission chest radiograph. In multivariate analysis, EIH was an independent predictor of COVID-19 (adjusted OR 3.73 (95% CI (1.25 to 11.15)), as were lymphocyte count, self-reported exertional dyspnoea, C-reactive peptide and radiographic changes.

Conclusions

This observational study demonstrates an association between EIH and a COVID-19 diagnosis. Over one-third of patients with COVID-19 and EIH exhibited no radiographic changes. EIH may represent an additional tool to help predict a COVID-19 diagnosis at initial presentation and may assist in triaging need for admission.
Endoscopy in patients on antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy: British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) and European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guideline update
Authors: Veitch Andrew M , Radaelli Franco , Alikhan Raza , Dumonceau Jean Marc , Eaton Diane , Jerrome Jo , Lester Will , Nylander David , Thoufeeq Mo , Vanbiervliet Geoffroy , Wilkinson James R , Van Hooft Jeanin E
Published: August 2021

This is a collaboration between the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) and the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE), and is a scheduled update of their 2016 guideline on endoscopy in patients on antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy. The guideline development committee included representatives from the British Society of Haematology, the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society, and two patient representatives from the charities Anticoagulation UK and Thrombosis UK, as well as gastroenterologists. The process conformed to AGREE II principles and the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations were derived using GRADE methodology. Prior to submission for publication, consultation was made with all member societies of ESGE, including BSG. Evidence-based revisions have been made to the risk categories for endoscopic procedures, and to the categories for risks of thrombosis. In particular a more detailed risk analysis for atrial fibrillation has been employed, and the recommendations for direct oral anticoagulants have been strengthened in light of trial data published since the previous version. A section has been added on the management of patients presenting with acute GI haemorrhage. Important patient considerations are highlighted. Recommendations are based on the risk balance between thrombosis and haemorrhage in given situations.
Efficacy and Cardiovascular Safety of LAMA in Patients with COPD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Chuchu , Zhang Meng , Wang Yalei , Xiong Huaiyu , Huang Qiangru , Shuai Tiankui , Liu Jian
Published: August 2021

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is at present the third leading cause of death in the world. Long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) is widely used as a bronchodilator in patients with COPD. However, there is controversy concerning their cardiovascular safety. This meta-analysis aims to assess the efficacy and cardiovascular safety of LAMAs versus placebo in patients with COPD. We searched Pub Med, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to identify studies that compared LAMA with placebo in patients with COPD. Twenty-one studies involving 24,987 participants were finally included in the analysis. There was no significant difference in the incidence of all adverse events (risk ratio (RR)=1.01, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.02, I2=15.2%) and cardiovascular events (RR=0.98, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.09, I2=4.9%) in patients treated with LAMAs versus placebo. LAMAs significantly improved trough forced expiratory volume in 1 s (weighted mean difference (WMD)=0.12, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.14, I2=86.6%), Transitional Dyspnea Index (WMD=0.75, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.94, I2=0%), and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (WMD=-2.50, 95% CI -3.32 to -1.69, I2=39.8%). Moreover, LAMAs significantly reduced the incidence of exacerbation in patients with COPD (RR=0.85, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.91, I2=69.9%). LAMAs are safe therapy and play a pivotal role in improving lung function, dyspnea, and health status, and reducing the exacerbation in patients with COPD.
Review of COVID-19 vaccine subtypes, efficacy and geographical distributions
Authors: Francis Andre Ian , Ghany Saudah , Gilkes Tia , Umakanthan Srikanth
Published: August 2021

As of 1 May 2021, there have been 152 661 445 Covid-19 cases with 3 202 256 deaths globally. This pandemic led to the race to discover a vaccine to achieve herd immunity and curtail the damaging effects of Covid-19. This study aims to discuss the most recent WHO-approved Covid-19 vaccine subtypes, their status and geographical scheduled updates as of 4 May 2021. The keywords “Covid-19, Vaccines, Pfizer, BNT162b2, AstraZeneca, AZD1222, Moderna, mRNA-1273, Janssen, Ad26.COV2.S” were typed into PubMed. Thirty Two relevant PubMed articles were included in the study. The vaccines discussed are Pfizer/BNT162b2, Moderna Vaccine/mRNA1273, AstraZeneca/AZD122/ChAdOx1 n-CoV-19 and the Janssen vaccines/Ad26.COV2.S, as well as their platforms, trials, limitations and geographical distributions. As of 16 May 2021, the number of countries that have approved the use of the following vaccines is Pfizer in 85, Moderna in 46, Oxford/AstraZeneca in 101, and Janssen in 41.
Derivation of a prototype asthma attack risk scale centred on blood eosinophils and exhaled nitric oxide
Authors: Couillard Simon , Laugerud Annette , Jabeen Maisha , Ramakrishnan Sanjay , Melhorn James , Hinks Timothy , Pavord Ian
Published: August 2021

Reduction of the risk of asthma attacks is a major goal of current asthma management. We propose to derive a risk scale predicting asthma attacks based on the blood eosinophil count and exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). Biomarker-stratified trial-level attack rates were extracted and pooled from the control arms of the Novel START, CAPTAIN, QUEST, Benralizumab Phase 2b, PATHWAY, STRATOS 1–2 and DREAM trials (n=3051). These were used to derive rate ratios and the predicted asthma attack rate for different patient groups. The resultant prototype risk scale shows potential to predict asthma attacks, which may be prevented by anti-inflammatory treatment.
Policy incoherence and tobacco control in Indonesia: an analysis of the national tobacco-related policy mix
Authors: Kramer Elisabeth , Ahsan Abdillah , Rees Vaughan W
Published: August 2021

Introduction

Indonesia has a high smoking prevalence that has not diminished significantly since 1990. Considering this, we aim to summarise the existing national tobacco-related policy mix and explore markers of policy incoherence in tobacco control between 2014 and 2020.

Methods

We conducted (1) a review and synthesis of Indonesian tobacco-related legislation and regulations; (2) a systematic search and synthesis of related literature and news reporting; and (3) interviews with tobacco control activists and academics to understand political will towards tobacco control regulations and the tobacco industry.

Results

Indonesia’s existing tobacco-related policy mix lies across the president’s office, six national ministries and one independent agency. However, current responsibility lies primarily with four government ministries: Ministries of Health, Finance, Communication and Information, and Trade and Industry, with the Ministry of Finance most active. Evidence demonstrates that official interministerial collaboration was lacking from 2014 to 2020 and suggests that institutional will to introduce more effective tobacco control varies considerably between different arms of government.

Discussion

Political will differs according to ministerial mandates and priorities, fostering a fragmented policy approach and undermining the development of a coherent response. Without political will from the president or national parliament to create an overarching framework for tobacco control, either via ratification of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control or another mechanism, there remains no formal impetus for intragovernmental cooperation. Nonetheless, this analysis reveals some government progress and ‘pressure points’ that advocates can focus on to promote tobacco control policies within the current policy mix.
Distinguish the f(T) model from $$\Lambda $$CDM model with Gravitational Wave observations
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhang Hongsheng
Published: August 2021

Separately, neither electromagnetic (EM) observations nor gravitational wave (GW) observations can distinguish between the f(T) model and the $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM model effectively. To break this degeneration, we simulate the GW measurement based on the coming observation facilities, explicitly the Einstein Telescope. We make cross-validations between the simulated GW data and factual EM data, including the Pantheon, H(z), BAO and CMBR data, and the results show that they are consistent with each other. Anyway, the EM data itself have the $$H_0$$

H
0

tension problem which plays critical role in the distinguishable problem as we will see. Our results show that the GW$$+$$
+
BAO$$+$$
+
CMBR data could distinguish the f(T) theory from the $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM model in $$2\sigma $$

2
σ

regime.
Feedback control method to suppress stick-slip in drill-strings featuring delay and actuation constraints
Authors: MacLean James D. J. , Vaziri Vahid , Aphale Sumeet S. , Wiercigroch Marian
Published: August 2021

In this work, performance of a modified-integral resonant controller with integral tracking is investigated numerically under the effects of actuator delay and actuation constraints. Actuation delay and constraints naturally limit controller performance, so much so that it can cause instabilities. A 2-DOF drill-string m with nonlinear bit–rock interactions is analysed. The aforementioned control scheme is implemented on this system and analysed under the effects of actuation delay and constraints and it is found to be highly effective at coping with these limitations. The scheme is then compared to sliding-mode control and shows to be superior in many regimes of operation. Lastly, the scheme is analysed in detail by varying its gains as well as varying system parameters, most notably that of actuation delay.
A Boosting Framework of Factorization Machine
Authors: Zhou Jun , Li Longfei , Liu Ziqi , Chen Chaochao
Published: August 2021

Recently, Factorization Machine (FM) has become more and more popular for recommendation systems due to its effectiveness in finding informative interactions between features. Usually, the weights for the interactions are learned as a low rank weight matrix, which is formulated as an inner product of two low rank matrices. This low rank matrix can help improve the generalization ability of Factorization Machine. However, to choose the rank properly, it usually needs to run the algorithm for many times using different ranks, which clearly is inefficient for some large-scale datasets. To alleviate this issue, we propose an Adaptive Boosting framework of Factorization Machine (AdaFM), which can adaptively search for proper ranks for different datasets without re-training. Instead of using a fixed rank for FM, the proposed algorithm will gradually increase its rank according to its performance until the performance does not grow. Extensive experiments are conducted to validate the proposed method on multiple large-scale datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can be more effective than the state-of-the-art Factorization Machines.
Modified Chaplygin gas in anisotropic universes on the brane
Authors: Ray Saibal , Paul Prasenjit , Sengupta Rikpratik , Pant Neeraj , Nag Riju
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we study anisotropic universes with Modified Chaplygin gas (MCG) in the context of Randall Sundrum-2 (RS2) braneworld model. The cosmological solutions for Kantowski–Sachs (KS) and Bianchi-I universes with MCG are obtained on the RS2 braneworld. The solutions are found to be dependent on MCG parameters but are modified from the GR solutions due to the braneworld correction term arising from high-energy effects. The anisotropy and deceleration parameters are obtained for each solution and the possibility of occurrence of future singularities is considered. Interestingly, we find that one drawback of the relativistic picture can be overcome in this model giving a universe close to the presently observed state.
Buckling Design of Axially Compressed Cylindrical Shells Based on Energy Barrier Approach
Authors: Fan Haigui , Gu Wenguang , Li Longhua , Liu Peiqi , Hu Dapeng
Published: August 2021

Buckling design of axially compressed cylindrical shells is still a challenging subject considering the high imperfection-sensitive characteristic in this kind of structure. With the development of various design methods, the energy barrier concept dealing with buckling of imperfection-sensitive cylindrical shells exhibits a promising prospect in recent years. In this study, buckling design of imperfection-sensitive cylindrical shells under axial compression based on the energy barrier approach is systematically investigated. The methodology about buckling design based on the energy barrier approach is described in detail first taking advantage of the cylindrical shells whose buckling loads have been extensively tested. Then, validation and discussion about this buckling design method have been carried out by the numerical and experimental analyses on the cylindrical shells with different geometrical and boundary imperfections. Results in this study together with the available experimental data have verified the reliability and advantage of the buckling design method based on energy barrier approach. A design criterion based on the energy barrier approach is therefore established and compared with the other criteria. Results indicate that buckling design based on energy barrier approach can be used as an efficient way in the lightweight design of thin-shell structures.
EFFECTIVENESS OF VIBRATION (CYCLIC LOADING) IN ACCELERATING BONE REMODELING AND ORTHODONTIC TOOTH MOOVEMENT: A SHORT REVIEW
Authors: CAI YONGQING
Published: August 2021

This paper assesses the effectiveness of vibration in accelerating bone remodeling and orthodontic tooth movement. Databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect were searched from January 2017 to March 2019 for randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effectiveness of vibration in accelerating bone remodeling and orthodontic tooth movement. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (i) studies that assessed the efficacy of vibration (cyclic loading) in bone remodeling and orthodontic tooth movement and (ii) those that employed groupings (experimental vs. control/placebo groups) on the basis of the use of vibration (cyclic loading). Eight clinical trials were included in this short review. Five studies met the eligibility criteria for bone remodeling and orthodontic tooth movement. Four studies found that low-magnitude high-frequency vibration could accelerate bone remodeling. However, contradictory results were obtained with regard to the acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement by vibration in human participants. Low-magnitude high-frequency vibration can accelerate bone remodeling and orthodontic tooth movement. However, this acceleration is dependent on the magnitude and frequency. Further research is necessary to determine the most feasible protocols for investigating the effects of magnitude and frequency of vibration on the acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement in human participants.
INTEGRATED DESIGN OF PHYSIOLOGICAL MULTI-PARAMETER SENSORS ON A SMART GARMENT BY ULTRA-ELASTIC E-TEXTILE
Authors: ZHONG JUN , ZHOU HONG , LIU YONGFENG , CHENG XIANKAI , CAI LIMING , ZHU WENLIANG , LIU LINGFENG
Published: August 2021

The performance of electronic textile (E-textile)-based wearable sensors is largely determined by the wire and electrode contacting stability to the body, which is a multi-discipline challenge for smart garment designs. In this paper, an integrated design of wearable sensors on a smart garment is presented to concurrently measure the multi-channel electrocardiogram, respiration, and temperature signals in different regions of the body. Sensors in separative probe-controller schemes are introduced with full-textile designs of the electrodes and signal transmission wires. An ultra-elastic structure of E-textile wire is proposed with excellent electrical stability, high stretch ratio, and low tension under body dynamics. A complete garment integration solution of the probes, wires, and the sensors is presented. The design is evaluated by comparing the signal quality in static and moderate body movements, which shows clinical level comparable precision and stability. The proposed design may constitute a general solution of distributed noninvasive physiological multi-parameter detection and monitoring applications.
A STUDY ON ANTHROPOMETRY, RANGE OF MOTION, AND MUSCLE STRENGTH MEASUREMENTS OF KOREANS WITH PARAPLEGIA
Authors: YOOK JUHYE , PARK YEONGJEONG , YOO SO YOUNG , PARK SEJIN , KIM HYUN JOONG , CHOI JUNG KAB , KIM HA YOUNG , HONG SEONG TAE , SON BYUNG CHANG
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the study was to measure anthropometry, range of motion, and muscle strength of Koreans with paraplegia, using wheelchairs. The total number of people with disabilities in Korea was 2,618,918, of which 1,223,135 (46.7%) people were with physical disabilities in 2019. For the research, people with paraplegia living in Chungcheongnam-do, Korea were recommended through the disability-related organizations. Totally 77 Koreans with paraplegia participated, out of which 57 participants were men and 20 participants were women in the age group of 30–69 years. There were 82 measurement items categorized into 39 static measurement items, 31 range of motion items, and 12 muscle strength of hand/finger items. The results were presented and analyzed with values in the 5, 25, 50, 75, and 95 percentiles by each item and gender. In the category of basic anthropometric measurements, the horizontal size items of the participants with paraplegia were reported to be larger than those of people without disabilities due to the development of the upper body resulting from wheelchair propulsion movements with some exceptions related to their overall body physiques. In sitting posture, there would be various factors affecting the anterior and lateral maximum/minimum reach measurements such as differences in neurological symptoms according to the spinal cord injury level and daily movement level. The data showed a meaningful difference between men and women in height and flexibility in sitting posture. An independent sample [Formula: see text]-test was also performed between male and female groups. There were differences in the anthropometric values, range of motion, pinch force, and grip force between men and women with paraplegia. The measurement results of anthropometry of hand/foot and muscle strength of hands and fingers of Koreans with paraplegia would be used for designing products for their hands and feet such as hair dryers and tumblers. The results of range of motion measurements would be used as important data for the design and development of wheelchairs for people with spinal cord injury. The measurement results of Koreans with paraplegia would be used as basic data for designing and developing assistive technology and universal products for wheelchair users who work and perform daily activities. The anthropometric measurements of individuals with other subclassifications of disabilities will be necessary in the future study for more detailed implication and application in this field.
NEUROMUSCULAR MECHANISMS AND EFFECTS OF CORE STABILIZATIONS ON TRUNK AND HIP MUSCLE ACTIVITY DURING LIFTING MOVEMENT
Authors: CHOI HYOUNGJOO , PARK CHANHEE , HWANG JONGSEOK , YOU JOSHUA SUNG H.
Published: August 2021

While the presence of lumbopelvic-hip stabilization has been provided as an importance component of the intra-abdominal pressure and dynamic spinal stabilization prior to movement, no previous study has investigated the effects in nonsymptomatic adults. This study investigated neuromuscular mechanisms and effects by comparing the natural core stabilization (NCS), abdominal bracing stabilization (ABS), and coordinated core stabilization (CCS) techniques in nonsymptomatic adults during lifting movement. A convenience sample of 40 nonsymptomatic adults (mean [Formula: see text] standard deviation, [Formula: see text]; 27 males, 13 females) were randomized into the NCS, ABS, and CCS techniques during lifting movement. The clinical outcomes included the deep and local (transverse abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO), and gluteus maximus (Gmax)) and superficial and global muscle (thoracic erector spinae (TES), lumbar erector spinae (LES), and external oblique (EO)) activation and balance ratios (IO/LES and Gmax/LES) and onset time co-activation ratios (IO/LES and Gmax/LES). One-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni correction revealed that the IO/LES and Gmax/LES balance and activation ratios were greater in CCS than in NCS and ABS. The onset time co-activation ratio was improved in CCS as compared with NCS and ABS, and ABS dropped equally inversely to NCS. Our results provide novel therapeutic evidence that CCS-based lifting movement is more balanced or coordinated in terms of neuromuscular control than the other techniques and may be used as an alternative exercise for core stabilization.
Electrochemical Modeling of Scanning Vibrating Electrode Technique on Scratched and Inclined Surfaces
Authors: Saeedikhani Mohsen , Kuah Kai Xiang , Wijesinghe Sudesh , Vafakhah Sareh , Blackwood Daniel John
Published: August 2021

The Scanning Vibrating Electrode Technique is a valuable method for investigating localized corrosion, which has the potential to provide further insights if used in conjunction with simulation. This paper demonstrates, by combining experimental data with finite element simulations, that variation in the height of the probe to the electrode surface will cause an imbalance in the measured anodic and cathodic currents, with IR drop being a main determining factor. In addition, the simulations obtain the actual current density at/across the electrode’s surface, whereas the electrolyte current density is obtained by SVET. The galvanic corrosion at scratched and cut-edge zinc-based coated steel in a saline solution are used as examples.
Interplay between temporal and spatial dispersion of repolarization in the initiation and perpetuation of torsades de pointes in the chronic atrioventricular block dog
Authors: Smoczyńska Agnieszka , Aarnink Errol W. , Dunnink Albert , Bossu Alexandre , van Weperen Valerie Y. H. , Meijborg Veronique M. F. , Beekman Henriëtte D. M. , Coronel R. , Vos Marc A.
Published: August 2021

This study compared two well-established electrophysiological parameters, being temporal and spatial dispersion of repolarization, and provided new insights into their interplay in the arrhythmogenesis of torsades de pointes arrhythmias. Although it confirmed that an increase in temporal dispersion of repolarization contributes to the initiation of single ectopic beats, it showed that an increase in spatial dispersion of repolarization is important for the perpetuation of non-self-terminating torsades de pointes arrhythmias.
Numerical Analysis of the Klein-Gordon Equations by Using the New Iteration Transform Method
Authors: Zadeh Ahmad Haji , Jacob Kavikumar , Shah Nehad Ali , Chung Jae Dong
Published: August 2021

This paper presents an analysis based on a mixture of the Laplace transform and the new iteration method to obtain new approximate results of the fractional-order Klein-Gordon equations in the Caputo-Fabrizio sense. So, a general system to investigate the approximate results of the fractional-order Klein-Gordon equations is obtained. This technique’s effectiveness is demonstrated by comparing the actual results of the fractional-order equations suggested with the results achieved.
FAM134B‐Mediated ER‐phagy Upregulation Attenuates AGEs‐Induced Apoptosis and Senescence in Human Nucleus Pulposus Cells
Authors: Luo Rongjin , Li Shuai , Li Gaocai , Lu Saideng , Zhang Weifeng , Liu Hui , Lei Jie , Ma Liang , Ke Wencan , Liao Zhiwei , Wang Bingjin , Song Yu , Wang Kun , Zhang Yukun , Yang Cao
Published: August 2021

Previous studies have established the pathogenic role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulation in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Emerging evidence indicates that ER‐phagy serves as a crucial cellular adaptive mechanism during stress conditions. This study is aimed at investigating the role of FAM134B‐mediated ER‐phagy in human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells upon AGEs treatment and exploring its regulatory mechanisms. We observed that AGEs treatment resulted in significantly increased apoptosis, senescence, and ROS accumulation in human NP cells; meanwhile, the enhanced apoptosis and senescence by AGEs treatment could be partially alleviated with the classic ROS scavenger NAC administration. Furthermore, we confirmed that FAM134B‐mediated ER‐phagy was activated under AGEs stimulation via ROS pathway. Importantly, it was also found that FAM134B overexpression could efficiently relieve intracellular ROS accumulation, apoptosis, and senescence upon AGEs treatment; conversely, FAM134B knockdown markedly resulted in opposite effects. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that FAM134B‐mediated ER‐phagy plays a vital role in AGEs‐induced apoptosis and senescence through modulating cellular ROS accumulation, and targeting FAM134B‐mediated ER‐phagy could be a promising therapeutic strategy for IDD treatment.
Daily Information Management System for Postgraduates to Check In and Out of the Dormitory Based on Mobile Edge Computing
Authors: Wen Kewei , Fang Yong
Published: August 2021

In recent years, the enrollment scale of graduate students has been increasing, and tutor resources are relatively scarce. Tutors often need to bring in dozens or even dozens of students, which puts a heavy burden on the tutor’s work. In order to reduce the work pressure of tutors and to manage graduate students in a scientific and standardized manner, this paper has designed a daily information management system for graduate students entering and exiting the dormitory to check in and out, which realizes the management of student attendance, work, and training and is carried out to improve the quality of graduate education. In this paper, based on the actual situation of the student dormitory, we comprehensively analyze user needs, management modes, existing resources, etc. and propose a Web application system divided into fingerprint access control, attendance data manipulation, and B/S architecture. Using design and development ideas for four functional modules on the client and management side and MATLAB simulation, we compare a three-tier and two-tier processing architecture under an average resource allocation scheme in terms of model utility, model power consumption, task delay constraints, and differences in the number of users. The experiment proves that, through the test of LoadRunner software, the experimental result is the average value of multiple tests. After the analysis of the performance test result, the peak number of concurrent users of this system is 1500. The daily information management model designed in this paper for graduate students to enter and exit the dormitory shows that it is stable, easy to operate, and interface-friendly and provides preset functions. It offers a new way for graduate students to manage their daily lives and has high practical value.
Research on TFe Content of Hematite Based on LU‐TELM‐SOA and Selection of Band
Authors: Fu Yanhua , Wan Lushan , Mao Yachun , Ren Tao , Xiao Dong
Published: August 2021

Iron ore is an important raw material for the steel industry, so it is of great economic significance to determine the grade of the iron ore quickly and accurately. And the TFe content is the main indicator that determines the grade of the iron ore and whether the iron ore can be smelted directly. Unlike manual methods and methods for chemical analysis, the paper uses the selection of band for the near‐infrared spectrum based on the pruning method and the two‐hidden‐layer extreme learning machine based on LU decomposition and seagull optimization algorithm (LU‐TELM‐SOA) to identify the TFe content. First of all, the paper proposes the selection of band based on the pruning method to retain the sensitive band of the near‐infrared spectrum. Aiming at the problems of poor stability and low accuracy of a single LU‐TELM (the two‐hidden‐layer extreme learning machine based on LU decomposition) model, the paper proposes LU‐TELM‐SOA. The experimental results show that LU‐TELM‐SOA has the advantages of high accuracy and strong stability.
Deciphering the Therapeutic Mechanisms of Wuzi Ershen Decoction in Treating Oligoasthenozoospermia through the Network Pharmacology Approach
Authors: Hu Mingrui , Zhong Yuanyuan , Xiao Wei , Wang Yang , Tang Tao , Wang Shunshun , Cui Hanjin , Li Teng , Luo Jiekun
Published: August 2021

Background. Infertility affects approximately 15% of couples around the world, and male factors are accounted for 40–50%. Oligoasthenozoospermia is the most common reason for male infertility. Unfortunately, effective drug therapy is still lacking except for assisted reproductive technology (ART). Previous researchers found that Wuzi Ershen decoction (WZESD) can increase sperm count, enhance sperm vitality, and improve semen quality. However, the pharmacological mechanisms remain unclear. Methods. In this study, we screened compounds and predicted the targets of WZESD based on the TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM database combined with literature searching in the PubMed database. We obtained proteins related to oligoasthenozoospermia through GeneCards and submitted them to STRING to obtain the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Potential targets of WZESD were mapped to the network, and the hub targets were screened by topology. We used online platform Metascape and Enrichr for GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. AutoDock Vina was utilized for further verification of the binding mode between compounds and targets. Results. Totally, 276 bioactive compounds were obtained and targeted 681 proteins. 446 oligoasthenozoospermia disease-specific proteins were acquired, and further bioinformatics analysis found that they were mainly involved in the formation of gametes, meiosis, and sperm differentiation. Protein interaction network analysis revealed that target proteins of WZESD were associated with oligoasthenozoospermia disease-specific proteins. The 79 targets of disease-specific proteins, which were anchored by WZESD, mainly participate in the cellular response to the organic cyclic compound, regulation of the apoptotic process, nitricoxide biosynthetic and metabolic process, oxidative stress, and protein phosphorylation regulation, which are the causes for oligoasthenozoospermia. Molecular docking simulation further validated that bioactive compounds originated from WZESD with targeted proteins showed high binding efficiency. Conclusions. This study uncovers the therapeutic mechanisms of WZESD for oligoasthenozoospermia treatment from the perspective of network pharmacology and may provide a valuable reference for further experimental research studies and clinical applications.
A Pseudopotential Lattice Boltzmann Method for Simulation of Two-Phase Flow Transport in Porous Medium at High-Density and High–Viscosity Ratios
Authors: Ezzatneshan Eslam , Goharimehr Reza
Published: August 2021

In this work, the capability of a multiphase lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) based on the pseudopotential Shan-Chen (S-C) model is investigated for simulation of two-phase flows through porous media at high-density and high–viscosity ratios. The accuracy and robustness of the S-C LBM are examined by the implementation of the single relaxation time (SRT) and multiple relaxation time (MRT) collision operators with integrating the forcing schemes of the shifted velocity method (SVM) and the exact difference method (EDM). Herein, two equations of state (EoS), namely, the standard Shan-Chen (SC) EoS and Carnahan-Starling (CS) EoS, are implemented to assay the performance of the numerical technique employed for simulation of two-phase flows at high-density ratios. An appropriate modification in the forcing schemes is also used to remove the thermodynamic inconsistency in the simulation of two-phase flow problems studied at low reduced temperatures. The comparative study of these improvements of the S-C LBM is performed by considering an equilibrium state of a droplet suspended in the vapor phase. The solver is validated against the analytical coexistence curve for the liquid-vapor system and the surface tension estimation from the Laplace Law. Then, according to the results obtained, a conclusion has been made to choose an efficient numerical algorithm, including an appropriate collision operator, a realistic EoS, and an accurate forcing scheme, for simulation of multiphase flow transport through a porous medium. The patterns of two-phase flow transport through the porous medium are predicted using the present numerical scheme in different flow conditions defined by the capillary number and the dynamic viscosity ratio. The results obtained for the nonwetting phase saturation, penetration structure of the invading fluid, and the displacement patterns of two-phase flow in the porous medium are comparable with those reported in the literature. The present study demonstrates that the S-C LBM with employing the MRT-EDM scheme, CS EoS, and the modified forcing scheme is efficient and accurate for estimation of the two-phase flow characteristics through the porous medium.
Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Unveil Anthocyanin Metabolism in Pink and Red Testa of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Xue Qiqin , Zhang Xiurong , Yang Hui , Li Huadong , Lv Yuying , Zhang Kun , Liu Yongguang , Liu Fengzhen , Wan Yongshan
Published: August 2021

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important source of oil and food around the world, and the testa color affects its appearance and commercial value. However, few studies focused on the mechanism of pigment formation in peanut testa. In this study, cultivars Shanhua 15 with pink testa and Zhonghua 12 with red testa were used as materials to perform the combined analysis of transcriptome and metabolome. A total of 198 flavonoid metabolites were detected, among which petunidin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin O-acetylhexoside in Zhonghua12 were 15.23 and 14.72 times higher than those of Shanhua 15 at the R7 stage, revealing the anthocyanins underlying the red testa. Transcriptome analysis showed that there were 6059 and 3153 differentially expressed genes between Shanhua 15 and Zhonghua 12 in different growth periods, respectively. These differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in the flavonoid biosynthesis, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and metabolic pathways. Integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolome indicated CHS gene (arahy.CM90T6), F3

′

H genes (arahy. 8F7PE4 and arahy. K8H9R8), and DFR genes (arahy. LDV9QN and arahy. X8EVF3) may be the key functional genes controlling the formation of pink and red testa in peanut. Transcription factors MYB (arahy.A2IWKV, arahy.US2SKM, arahy.SJGE27, arahy.H8DJRL, and arahy.PR7AYB), bHLH (arahy.26781N, arahy.HM1IVV, and arahy.MP3D3D), and WD40 (arahy.L6JJW9) in the biosynthetic pathway of anthocyanin were significantly upregulated in Zhonghua 12 which may be the key regulatory genes in testa pigment formation. This is a comprehensive analysis on flavonoid metabolites and related genes expression in peanut testa, providing reference for revealing the regulatory mechanism of pigment accumulation in peanut testa.
Traditional Knowledge of Medicinal Plants Used in the Northeastern Part of Morocco
Authors: Kachmar Mohamed Reda , Naceiri Mrabti Hanae , Bellahmar Meryem , Ouahbi Abdelilah , Haloui Zoubida , El Badaoui Khalid , Bouyahya Abdelhakim , Chakir Said
Published: August 2021

The knowledge of the plants that are used may provide insight on their properties for further exploration. This study aimed to identify and collect data about medicinal plants used in traditional medicine by the population of the provincial region of Taza, Morocco. An ethnobotanical survey was carried out among 200 informants, competent villagers, herbalists, and traditional healers from the provincial region of Taza city through direct interviews using a structured questionnaire. The survey reported 55 plant species belonging to 28 families used in the folk medicine. Informants’ results showed that the most frequently used plants were Origanum compactum, Mentha pulegium, Rosmarinus officinalis L., Aloysia citrodora, Calamintha officinalis Moench, and Artemisia herba-alba Asso., with a relative frequency of citation of 76%, 72%, 60%, 42%, 40%, and 30%, respectively. Moreover, in this study, the Lamiaceae family was the most commonly reported plant family, and the leaves were the most frequently used parts of the plants; otherwise, decoction and infusion were the most used modes in the preparation of remedies from medicinal plants in the traditional medicine. The sociodemographic characteristics showed that women use medicinal plants slightly more than men, the illiterate people use the medicinal plant the most, and old people have more information about the medicinal plants than the new generations. The region of Taza of Morocco has an important floristic biodiversity of medicinal plants which are used in traditional medicine practice. This result provides a good database for pharmacological screening in the search for new plants that can contain new bioactive molecules that can be used as a bioactive ingredient of medicament or as a biological alternative in pharmacology.
Serum MMP-9 and SAA in the Diagnosis of Severe Pneumonia Caused by Radiotherapy of Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Zhou Yu , Liu Li , Gu Wenjun
Published: August 2021

Objective. To explore the relationship and diagnostic value of serum MMP-9 and SAA in severe pneumonia (sCAP) caused by radiotherapy of esophageal cancer. Methods. A total of 144 esophageal cancer patients who underwent radiotherapy in our hospital from April 2016 to February 2018 were collected. Among them, 58 patients without radiation pneumonitis (RP) were in the control group, 49 patients with grade 1∼2 RP were in the radiation group, and 37 patients with sCAP were in the severe group. The levels of serum MMP-9 and SAA in every group of patients were detected. The ROC curve was used to determine the diagnostic value of serum MMP-9 and SAA in the diagnosis of RP and sCAP. The correlation between serum MMP-9 and SAA and the patient’s lung function indexes was analyzed, and the logistic single-factor and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze the factors of sCAP in esophageal cancer radiotherapy. Results. PaO2, FVC, and FEV1 decreased in RP and sCAP, and PaCO2, white blood cells, serum MMP-9, and SAA levels increased (

P
<
0.05

); serum MMP-9 and SAA were negatively correlated with lung function (

P
<
0.05

); the AUC of serum MMP-9 and SAA in RP was 0.833 and 0.823, respectively, and the AUC of the two combined diagnosis of RP was 0.919. The AUC of serum MMP-9 and SAA in sCAP was 0.809 and 0.797, respectively, and the AUC of both combined diagnosis of sCAP was 0.873; logistics multivariate analysis found that serum MMP-9, serum SAA, double lung V5, and V20 were independent risk factors for sCAP caused by radiotherapy for esophageal cancer (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. Serum MMP-9 and SAA increase in RP and sCAP and are negatively correlated with lung function in patients with pneumonia. They are independent risk factors for severe pneumonia caused by radiotherapy of esophageal cancer and have good diagnostic value.
Level and Timing of Implanon Discontinuation and Associated Factors among Women Who Used Implanon in Andabet District, Public Health Facilities, North‐West Ethiopia
Authors: Dagnew Gizachew Worku , Gelaw Yared Mulu , Asresie Melash Belachew , Anteneh Zelalem Alamrew
Published: August 2021

Background. Implanon discontinuation is unacceptably high in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Furthermore, there is an observed problem of high unintended pregnancy after method discontinuation that strides to program failure. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the level and determinants of Implanon discontinuation among women who used Implanon in Andabet district, public health facilities, North‐West Ethiopia, 2017. Methods. Facility‐based cross‐sectional study design was employed among 537 women from Feb. 03 to April 28, 2017. Study participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. A face‐to‐face interview was employed to collect data. Epi‐Info version 7 was used for data entry and SPSS version 20 for analysis. Both descriptive and analytical statistical analysis was computed. On multivariable binary logistic regression, a p value of less than 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Results. About 37% of Implanon users have discontinued the method before the intended time. About 86% of them discontinued Implanon before two years of insertion. Women who had no live child (AOR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.25‐3.77), women who did not receive preinsertion counseling (AOR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.15‐2.97), women who developed Implanon‐related side effect (AOR = 5.17, 95% CI: 3.18‐8.40), and women who did not satisfy by the service provided (AOR = 5.40, 95% CI: 3.04‐9.57) had higher odds of Implanon discontinuation. On the other hand, women who received appointment follow‐up (AOR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.13‐0.41) had lower odds of Implanon discontinuation. Conclusions. The level of Implanon discontinuation before its intended time was high in the district. Hence, strengthening preinsertion counseling and appointment follow‐up as well as improving the clients’ level of service satisfaction could increase Implanon’s continuation.
Automatic Detection and Parameter Estimation of Ginkgo biloba in Urban Environment Based on RGB Images
Authors: Xia Kai , Wang Hao , Yang Yinhui , Du Xiaochen , Feng Hailin
Published: August 2021

Individual tree crown detection and morphological parameter estimation can be used to quantify the social, ecological, and landscape value of urban trees, which play increasingly important roles in densely built cities. In this study, a novel architecture based on deep learning was developed to automatically detect tree crowns and estimate crown sizes and tree heights from a set of red‐green‐blue (RGB) images. The feasibility of the architecture was verified based on high‐resolution unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images using a neural network called FPN‐Faster R‐CNN, which is a unified network combining a feature pyramid network (FPN) and a faster region‐based convolutional neural network (Faster R‐CNN). Among more than 400 tree crowns, including 213 crowns of Ginkgo biloba, in 7 complex test scenes, 174 ginkgo tree crowns were correctly identified, yielding a recall level of 0.82. The precision and F‐score were 0.96 and 0.88, respectively. The mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of crown width estimation were 0.37 m and 8.71%, respectively. The MAE and MAPE of tree height estimation were 0.68 m and 7.33%, respectively. The results showed that the architecture is practical and can be applied to many complex urban scenes to meet the needs of urban green space inventory management.