bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Addressing threats: European foreign policy toward the Middle East since the European Security Strategy
Authors: Santini Ruth Hanau
Published: May 2020

This paper looks at the qualitative change in the foreign policy discourse by the European Union towards the Middle East, as well as the EU’s overall degree of consistency between words and deeds. By looking at European Council Conclusions as well as General Affairs Council conclusions, it will be argued that on a discursive level the Union has taken stock of the emergence of new threats to its security, and has started shifting its attention from state failure and regional conflicts to the threats posed by terrorism and non-conventional proliferation. Secondly, by differentiating among three kinds of coherence, it will be shown that the main source of incoherence in the Union external action in the Middle East is not to be found in its institutional or horizontal dimensions, but in its vertical level, that is between the Union and member states. Examples will be provided in order to substantiate an overall claim: the EU security discourse might have changed; its policies however remain driven by the difficult balancing exercise between Brussels and national capitals.

 

Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v3i2.184
Hybridizing UN Peace Operations: The Role of the European Union and Canada
Authors: St-Pierre Kristine
Published: May 2020

The prevalence of hybrid peacekeeping missions on the international stage underscores the increasing flexibility with which the UN can meet the peacekeeping demand. This flexibility results from the growing number of actors that the UN can rely on, allowing in turn for more diverse responses to conflict. However, current confusion surrounding hybrid missions points to the need to further clarify the role of regional actors in hybrid missions and elaborate on the implication of these missions for UN peacekeeping. This paper thus discusses the importance of hybrid missions in peace operations by examining the current nature of European Union (EU) and Canadian contributions to peace operations, and by analysing the implications of these contributions for hybrid missions and UN peacekeeping in general.

 

Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v3i2.185
Rethinking the ‘Problem’ of Religious Pluralism in Canada and the European Union
Authors: Morrison Ian
Published: May 2020

In recent years the nature of secularism and the rights of religious minorities have come to the fore as issues in debates concerning citizenship, multiculturalism and immigration, both in Canada and the European Union. Unlike earlier campaigns of secularization, these recent discourses of secularisation concern not only the institutional separation of Church and State but seek to protect modern secular society from the perceived threat of various externally rooted religious threats through the secularisation of subjects within public spaces. In an attempt to more fully understand this new form of secularisation, the consequences it has had and the debates it has generated in both Canada and the EU, the proposed paper will proceed on four fronts. First, it will outline the earlier discourses and practices of secularisation. Second, the article will posit that we are presently witnessing a different discourse of secularisation, one that is distinct from this earlier form. Third, the article will offer a critique of both discourses, arguing that both involve the deployment of essentialised conceptions of the religious, the secular, and their interaction. Fourth, an alternative approach will be offered, one that seeks to denaturalise the aforementioned categories. The article argues that it is only in this manner that a space and possibility for genuine dialogue concerning secularism and religious pluralism in Canada and the EU can be created.

 

Full ext available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v4i2.197
The Success of France’s Youth: Children of Algerian Descent in the Classroom
Authors: Boyd Marisa
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this exploratory research is to elucidate the connection between the institution of the French educational system and its function as a vehicle of integration for the children of immigrants. Focusing on those of Algerian descent, this paper asks if and how the educational system is failing this particular demographic. By contextualising colonial France in Algeria, this paper shows the connection between history and the educational institution as it relates to contemporary French culture. This paper argues that the French educational system, although well established, does not recognise nor meet the needs of the multi-ethnic classroom. By identifying integration as a key player, this paper explores the relationships between citizenship and integration and how perceptions of both concepts are produced and reproduced in the school system. This paper notes the need for a shift in the current discourse for the “second generation” from one of “immigrants and immigration” to a more precise discourse on ethnic minorities.

 

Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v5i1.202
The Evolution of the European Neighbourhood Policy and the Current Challenges of a Disintegrated Neighbourhood
Authors: Ghazaryan Narine
Published: May 2020

The paper traces the evolution of the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) since its origins until the present day. The ENP was initiated in 2003 attracting vast institutional and scholarly interest in its various aspects. The extraordinary events of the Arab Spring revolutions in the Southern neighbourhood prompted a renewed interest towards the ENP despite the internal economic turmoil faced by the European Union (EU) and its Member States. The EU institutions undertook a substantive revision of the policy in 2011 in addition to the regional split that had taken place previously. The legal framework of the ENP, comprising its objectives, methodology and instruments, is analysed to reveal the various stages of the existence of the policy and the shortcomings undermining its success. The initial stage of policy formation, the subsequent impact of the Treaty of Lisbon, and the most current state of affairs with a regional emphasis will be addressed in sequence.

 

Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v7i1.211
Democratization in Serbia: An Analysis of Rational Choice and Structuralist Explanations
Authors: Apostolov-Dimitrijevic Dunja
Published: May 2020

This paper explains political democratization in Post-Milosevic Serbia, utilizing two different accounts of the democratization process: one rooted in the rational choice framework and the other in structuralism. While rational choice explains the decisive role of political leadership in overcoming path dependence, the structuralist explanations show the transnational linkages that encourage democratization in the face of domestic setbacks. This particular debate between the two types of explanations represents the larger debate concerning the role of internal factors and external linkages in propelling democratization in transitional societies. The paper concludes by integrating the two sets of explanations offered by each theoretical perspective, in order to develop a coherent understanding of Serbia's democratization.

 

Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v9i1.240
The Pursuit of Independence in Catalonia and Scotland: Towards a new form of civic nationalism in Europe?
Authors: Gunn Alexander , Schmidtke Oliver
Published: May 2020

Territorial politics and the prospect of minority nationalist secession have assumed renewed prominence in Europe in recent years, centring on the relationships between Scotland and the United Kingdom and between Catalonia and Spain. For both cases, 2014 proved a momentous year, with Scotland holding a binding referendum on independence in September, and Catalonia holding a non-binding (and disputed) consultation vote in November. This paper explores the recent push for independence in these two contexts, employing frame analysis to assess how the pro-independence movements in Scotland and Catalonia conceptualize and articulate the ideas of nationhood, collective identity, and self-determination. It specifically explores the various political cleavages that these movements draw on in promoting the idea of autonomy or independence, and how these movements have positioned themselves within a changing European political environment. The paper demonstrates that, for both pro-independence movements, territorial politics and the idea of independence serve as vehicle for articulating traditional centre-periphery grievances and for promoting policies that reflect the needs and demands of the Scottish and Catalan communities. At the same time, both movements put forward a form of civic nationalist discourse that advocates democratic renewal and civic engagement.

Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v9i1.239
Using Chinese idioms to teach adolescents with intellectual disabilities self-determination skills
Authors: Chao Pen-Chiang
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study was to develop a curriculum that combines Chinese idioms and self-determination components, and evaluate its effectiveness in enhancing the self-determination of students with intellectual disabilities. Participants were 85 students with an intellectual disability
in 10th to 12th grade, selected from 2 vocational high schools located in northern Taiwan and randomly assigned to either a control group or an intervention group that received Chinese-Idiom Self-Determination Curriculum (CISDC) instruction. To assess student progress I used Arc's Self-Determination
Scale and the Self-Determination Scale for Taiwanese Students, and the participants' teachers and parents completed the Self-Determination Assessment Scale-Teacher/Parent Form. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of covariance, and repeated measures analysis of variance.
Results show that the diverse teaching methods and content of the CISDC could help to compensate for the cognitive impairment of high school students with an intellectual disability, enabling them to learn self-determination skills by discussing, exploring, and reflecting in the process of
reading Chinese idiom stories.
Cidade-Frotagem
Authors: Cohen Jean-Louis
Published: May 2020

A citação é uma operação fundamental de todas as práticas artísticas e literárias, assim como de todas as formas discursivas da vida cotidiana e tem sido uma prática amplamente difundida no discurso arquitetônico desde o Renascimento. O que dizer da citação em produções não verbais? A intertextualidade atua em várias áreas da teoria e da prática de arquitetura e sua consideração permite entender a reverberação de ideias e projetos de diferentes autores sobre os de seus contemporâneos ou sucessores. Intericonicidade, intertectonicidade e, especialmente, a transurbanidade são categorias relevantes para a compreensão da circulação local, nacional ou universal de imagens, caracteres materiais e formas urbanas na constituição do tecido histórico concreto das cidades.
Análisis de la opinión de los hogares sobre la gestión de los residuos sólidos domiciliarios en Bogotá
Authors: Sánchez-Muñoz María del Pilar , Cruz Cerón José Gabriel , Giraldo Uribe José Jardani
Published: May 2020

Hacer un análisis sobre la opinión que los hogares tienen de la gestión de los residuos sólidos en su ciudad, permite enfocar las estrategias de intervención para lograr los objetivos de política. Este documento presenta los hallazgos sobre la opinión de los hogares localizados en la zona que operaba hasta inicios de 2018 la empresa Aguas de Bogotá S. A. ESP, sobre la gestión de los residuos sólidos domiciliarios. Se utiliza la estadística descriptiva, se aplicaron 384 encuestas. Se concluye que hay una tendencia en la ciudad a la falta de gobernanza ambiental y se hace necesaria una masificación de la sensibilización sobre la importancia de hacer separación en fuente y el uso adecuado de los contenedores y de las bolsas plásticas.
BLOQUEO ESTADOCÉNTRICO: ABRIR LA HISTORIA PARA MULTIPLICAR ALTERNATIVAS
Authors: Vilaboa Diego Castro
Published: May 2020

El artículo presenta una postura crítica a las estrategias de transformación política centradas en el Estado, comprendiendo la forma estatal a partir de su pretensión monopólica, cuyo objetivo central es inhibir y racionalizar los impulsos autodeterminativos y de insubordinación. Propone una invitación: producir un desplazamiento analítico hacia las experiencias autodeterminativas de los vencidos. Las estrategias estadocéntricas constituyen un bloqueo epistemológico y político en el cual se desvanecen repetidamente múltiples esfuerzos y energías intelectuales y políticas.
MARIÁTEGUI E O SOCIALISMO INDO-AMERICANO
Authors: Machado Marília Gabriella
Published: May 2020

José Carlos Mariátegui é considerado um dos grandes pensadores marxistas do século XX e possui rica obra sobre a realidade peruana e o socialismo. Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal compreender o projeto de socialismo para Mariátegui, a partir da análise sobre a Revolução Bolchevique, sobre a formação social peruana e sobre o debate acerca da influência de Sorel na construção de seu projeto revolucionário.
CURSOS SUPERIORES DE TECNOLOGIA: A MATERIALIDADE DA FORMAÇÃO ENXUTA E FLEXÍVEL PARA O PRECARIADO NO BRASIL
Authors: Souza José dos Santos
Published: May 2020

O artigo explicita a natureza dos Cursos Superiores de Tecnologia (CSTs) no Brasil. Com base em fontes primárias e secundárias, a análise aponta estreita relação entre estratégias de combate ao desemprego e reformas na política de educação profissional e tecnológica do país. Esta relação é mais explicativa da implantação dos CSTs do que o discurso governamental de oferta de formação mais focada e especializada. Para além de formar tecnólogos, estes cursos exercem papel importante na naturalização da instabilidade e vulnerabilidade do mercado de trabalho.
EL PODER DEL AGUA. GESTIÓN COMUNITARIA DEL AGUA Y LUCHA POPULAR CONTRA LAS SEPARACIONES CAPITALISTAS: EL CASO DE LA EMPRESA COMUNITARIA DE ACUEDUCTO, ALCANTARILLADO Y ASEO DEL MUNICIPIO DE SARAVENA, COLOMBIA, 2019
Authors: Gaona Sandra Milena Rátiva
Published: May 2020

Esta Tesis de Grado de Maestria[1] se realizó entre el 2016 y el 2018. El trabajo estuvo dirigido y acompañado por la Dra María Raquel Gutiérrez Aguilar y siempre en diálogo con las Dras Lucía Linsalata, y Mina Navarro, a quienes agradezco su generosidad.Mi mayor intuición, aprendida de la vida política y organizativa, es que es preciso alcanzar autonomía económica para tener autonomía política, y sin embargo, es preciso siempre complejizar y politizar la relación entre economía y política. Así, y procurando una construcción académica y sociológica, decidí retomar la pregunta por la posibilidad de estabilizar en el tiempo ciertas formas de autonomía en oposición al orden social impuesto (Gutierrez Aguilar, 2009, p. 56). Me propuse comprender alguna experiencia organizativa que conjugue formas políticas comunitarias populares con formas de economía no plenamente capitalistas.
OS CADERNOS DE CONFLITOS NO CAMPO DA CPT
Authors: Ribeiro Ana Maria Motta , Antunes José Luiz Cordeiro , Camello Lândhor Borges , De Souza Maria José Andrade , Souza William Kennedy do Amaral
Published: May 2020

O ato de documentar as lutas de resistência pela terra, pela defesa e conquista de direitos, bem como denunciar a violência sofrida pelos povos do campo e nas relações de trabalho e produção, existe desde o surgimento da Comissão Pastoral da Terra (CPT), em 1975. À medida que essa realidade se mostrava mais premente, sentiu-se a necessidade de criar um Setor de Documentação. A partir do ano de 2013 tal setor passou a ser chamado Centro de Documentação Dom Tomás Balduíno - CPT. No início, os registros eram feitos em fichas manuais e, depois de 1988, foram informatizados em sistema de banco de dados.Os procedimentos, metodologias, conceitos e variáveis temáticas do Centro de Documentação foram construídos coletivamente, com a participação dos agentes de base da CPT e movimentos sociais que atuam no espaço rural. Alguns conceitos foram assumidos a partir da existência deles em leis, declarações, estudos, censos.
Análise microbiológica quantitativa da água que alimenta as canetas de alta rotação dos ambulatórios da FO-UFRGS
Authors: Bianchi Rafael , Rossi Samuel S. , Campregher Ulisses B. , Wüst Pablo R. , Barth Adriano , Figueiredo José Antônio Poli de , Barbisan Aluí O.
Published: May 2020

Uma das mais recentes preocupações no controle de infecções em Odontologia é a contaminação da água usada nos procedimentos odontológicos. O estudo proposto avaliou a qualidade da água que alimenta as canetas de alta rotação de 4 Ambulatórios da Faculdade de Odontologia da UFRGS, através de uma análise microbiológica quantitativa. Em um total de 27 amostras de água analisou-se: o número de unidades formadoras de colônias por mililitro (UFC/ml), através da contagem de bactérias heterotróficas pelo método de "Pour Plate" e a presença ou ausência de coliformes totais e de coliformes fecais usando o método dos "Túbulos Múltiplos". Os resultados revelam que 24 das 27 (88,89%) amostras analisadas, coletadas nos 4 Ambulatórios, estavam fora dos padrões de potabilidade, segundo a Portaria n° 36 de 19 de janeiro de 1990, apresentando contagens de UFC/ml com uma variação de 1,2 a mais de 130 vezes além do máximo permitido. Apenas uma das amostras apresentou coliformes totais e nenhuma das amostras apresentou coliformes fecais.
Avaliação das alterações microscópicas na leucoplasia bucal, através de cortes histológicos semi-seriados
Authors: Rosolen Márcia Aparecida , Sant'Ana Filho Manoel , Rados Pantelis Varvaki , Barbachan João Jorge Diniz , Quadros Onofre Francisco de
Published: May 2020

Foram estudados através da análise microscópica de cortes semi-seriados, 17 casos de leucoplasia bucal, com o objetivo de verificar a existência ou não de variação no padrão microscópico em uma mesma lesão. Os resultados mostram percentual de 23,53% (4 casos) de lesões que tiveram seu diagnóstico inicial alterado de hiperceratose ou hiperparaceratose para displasia epitelial. Concluiu-se que existe um percentual de variação no padrão microscópico em uma mesma lesão indicando a necessidade de avaliar em diferentes alturas de corte para o diagnóstico conclusivo.
Abscesso crônico associado à fístula extra-oral: revisão de literatura e apresentação de caso clínico e cirúrgico
Authors: Azambuja Taís W. Furlanetto de , Bercini Francesca , Moschen Adriana Zanon , Weissheimer Ana Paula , Reinhardt Luciana
Published: May 2020

As autoras apresentam revisão de literatura e caso clínico cirúrgico de paciente portador de fístula ativa extra-oral decorrente de lesão periapical.
Ensaiando um curso híbrido
Authors: Rodrigues do Nascimento Ernandes , Melo André Ricardo , Soares Padilha Maria Auxiliadora
Published: May 2020

O ensino híbrido tem se mostrado uma ferramenta muito eficiente para os diversos estilos de aprendizagem. Entende-se que, para o ensino ser híbrido, é necessária a existência de três condições básicas: i) parte do conteúdo precisa ser trabalho presencialmente; ii) parte do conteúdo precisa ser trabalhado virtualmente; iii) ambas as partes precisam estar integradas e contribuir mutuamente com a aprendizagem do sujeito.Horn e Staker (2015) sinalizam que há duas formas de inovar nesse modelo de ensino: a primeira é a sustentada, que não abandona o modelo tradicional, mas incrementa novas possibilidades; a segunda é a disruptiva, que ignora totalmente os antigos formatos, implantando métodos inovadores. Surgiu então a seguinte inquietação: como coreografar um curso superior para oferta por meio do ensino híbrido, no qual não haverá disciplinas sendo ministradas por professores e a construção da aprendizagem se dará por meio de competências? O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar a criação de um projeto pedagógico para os cursos de Análise e Desenvolvimento de Sistemas e Sistemas para Internet para ser ofertado a partir do ensino híbrido, mesclando outras metodologias ativas e tendo como base a filosofia da cultura maker. A pesquisa qualitativa foi desenvolvida a partir de estudo de caso, com dados coletados por meio da observação participante. Osresultados preliminares permitiram identificar as principais dificuldades e desafios ao se desenhar um curso no modelo híbrido, trazendo contribuições importantes em relação ao próprio modelo, às metodologias ativas e às coreografias institucionais.
Wyrównywanie się cen gruntów rolnych w krajach Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Twardowska Anna
Published: May 2020

W artykule poruszono problematykę związaną z kształtowaniem się cen ziemi rolniczej w krajach Unii Europejskiej. Poddano weryfikacji hipotezę dotyczącą występowania beta-konwergencji absolutnej cen ziemi rolnej wśród 20 wybranych państw UE. Badania przeprowadzono dla lat 2006 – 2017 z wykorzystaniem modeli absolutnej konwergencji typu beta opartych na danych przestrzennych. Uzyskane wyniki badań potwierdzają występowanie tzw. efektu doganiania na rynku cen ziemi rolnej w Unii Europejskiej. Tym samym w krajach, w których początkowo stwierdzono niższy poziom cen ziemi rolnej następuje szybszy wzrost cen, niż w krajach o początkowo wyższym ich poziomie.
A hierarchical hybrid electrode for rapid oxygen reduction reaction below 800°C
Authors: Li Fushao , Xu Yingxian , Xia Shubiao , Liu Jianjun , Yan Yuxing , Jiang Long , Cheng Feixiang
Published: May 2020

The 3-D backbones with ionic conductivity are first built by sintering
Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 silks, then Ca3Co2O6 nanoparticles as electrocatalyst are
filled in by infiltrating ionic solution, as a result, a hybrid electrode
with hierarchical structure is constructed as the cathode of solid oxide
fuel cells. Compared with the single-phase Ca3Co2O6 bulk cathode and common
Ca3Co2O6-Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 composite one, this hybrid electrode is very active
for oxygen reduction reaction. At 800?C, area specific resistance with this
cathode is reduced to 0.062 ?cm2, and power density peak with the
electrolyte-supported single-cell is promoted to 760 mW/cm2. The superior
catalytical activity is attributed to the enlarged area for surface oxygen
exchange kinetics and enhanced ionic transport behaviour.
Effect of ignition energy on coal dust explosion
Authors: Ban Tao , Liu Zhong-Qiang , Jing Guo-Xun , Cheng Lei , Wu Yu-Lou , Peng Le
Published: May 2020

Coal dust explosion is of great importance for both theoretical analysis and
practical applications. However, there is not a complete theory to reveal
its mechanism. Here we show that the ignition energy plays an important
role. An experiment is designed using different volatile coal dusts under
different ignition energies, and the results are extremely helpful for
avoiding coal dust explosion and can be also used for verification of a new
theory.
The Impact of Cardiovascular Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease on Life Expectancy and Direct Medical Cost in a 10-Year Diabetes Cohort Study
Authors: Wan Eric Yuk Fai , Chin Weng Yee , Yu Esther Yee Tak , Wong Ian Chi Kei , Chan Esther Wai Yin , Li Shirley Xue , Cheung Nico Kwan Lok , Wang Yuan , Lam Cindy Lo Kuen
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE

The relative effects of various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and varying severity of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on mortality risk, direct medical cost, and life expectancy in patients with diabetes are unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate these associations.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This was a retrospective cohort study that included 208,792 adults with diabetes stratified into 12 disease status groups with varying combinations of heart disease, stroke, moderate CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] 30–59 mL/min/1.73 m2) and severe CKD (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2) in 2008–2010. The effect of risk of mortality, annual direct medical costs, and life expectancy were assessed using Cox regression, gamma generalized linear method with log-link function, and flexible parametric survival models.

RESULTS

Over a median follow-up of 8.5 years (1.6 million patient-years), 50,154 deaths were recorded. Mortality risks for patients with only a single condition among heart disease, stroke, and moderate CKD were similar. The mortality risks were 1.75 times, 2.63 times, and 3.58 times greater for patients with one, two, and all three conditions (consisting of stroke, heart disease, and moderate CKD), compared with patients without these diseases, suggesting an independent and individually additive effect for any combination. A similar trend was observed in annual public health care costs with 2.91-, 3.90-, and 3.88-fold increased costs for patients with one, two, and three conditions, respectively. Increases in the number of conditions reduced life expectancy greatly, particularly in younger patients. Reduction in life expectancy for a 40-year-old with one, two, and three conditions was 20, 25, and 30 years for men and 25, 30, and 35 years, respectively, for women. A similar trend of greater magnitude was observed for severe CKD.

CONCLUSIONS

The effects of heart diseases, stroke, CKD, and the combination of these conditions on all-cause mortality and direct medical costs are independent and cumulative. CKD, especially severe CKD, appears to have a particularly significant impact on life expectancy and direct medical costs in patients with diabetes. These findings support the importance of preventing both CVD and CKD in patients with diabetes.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN EJAAN PADA KARANGAN MAHASISWA FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS UIN SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA
Authors: Didah Nurhamidah Didah  nurhamidah
Published: May 2020

Huruf kapital dan tanda baca merupakan bagian dari komponen ortografi yang harus diperhatikan di dalam tulisan. Berdasarkan pengalaman penulis, terdapat kesalahan penggunaan huruf kapital dan tanda baca yang dilakukan mahasiswa saat belajar bahasa Indonesia ketika menulis karangan mahasiswa. Kesalahan ini tidak disadari karena lebih terfokus pada isi tulisan dibandingkan dengan cara penulisannya. Akibatnya, tidak jarang mahasiswa melakukan kesalahan pada penggunaan huruf kapital dan tanda baca dalam bahasa Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kesalahan ejaan pada penggunaan huruf kapital dan tanda baca dalam karangan mahasiswa, jenis-jenis kesalahan yang dilakukan serta mengetahui faktor-faktor penyebab kesalahan tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 26 kesalahan yang terdiri dari 17 kesalahan penggunaan huruf kapital dan 9 kesalahan penggunaan tanda baca yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa dalam karangan. Kesalahan penggunaan huruf kapital paling banyak terdapat pada jenis penggunaan huruf kapital untuk menunjukkan kata tempat, penggunaan tanda baca paling banyak dilakukan mahasiswa pada enggunaan tanda titik (.) dan tanda koma (,). Dari hasil penelitian tersebut disarankan agar mahasiswa mempelajari lebih dalam serta meningkatkan frekuensi latihan tentang aturan penggunaan huruf kapital dan tanda baca bahasa Indonesia. Kata Kunci: penggunaan huruf, tanda baca, kesalahan berbahasa
Hubungan Faktor Individu Dengan Tingkat Kelelahan Kerja Subyektif Pada Supir Travel Kangaroo Premier di Kota Samarinda
Authors: Dinarita Itami , Akhmad Akhmad , Ghalib Muhammad Dalhar
Published: May 2020

Lelah bagi setiap orang akan mempunyai arti tersendiri dan bersifat subyektif karena terkait dengan perasaan. Ada banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya kelelahan kerja antara lain yaitu keadaan monoton, beban kerja, keadaan lingkungan, dan faktor individu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari hubungan antara faktor individu (umur, tingkat pendidikan, masa kerja, dan status gizi) dengan tingkat kelelahan kerja subyektif pada supir. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan wawancara dan pengukuran sebagai metode pengumpulan data sedangkan menurut waktunya adalah cross sectional. Tingkat kelelahan kerja subjektif diukur dengan menggunakan 30 panduan pertanyaan dari IFRC. Populasi penelitian adalah supir Travel Kangaroo Premier yang berjumlah 42 orang. Sampel diambil dari populasi dengan total sampling sehingga didapatkan 42 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 42 responden sebagian besar mengalami tingkat kelelahan rendah sebanyak 25 orang (59,5%) dan 17 orang (40,5%) mengalami tingkat kelelahan sedang. Dari hasil analisa data terdapat hubungan antara faktor individu yang berupa umur (p = 0,019) dan status gizi (p = 0,010) dengan tingkat kelelahan kerja subjektif.Saran yang diajukan kepada Travel Kangaroo Premier yaitu agar lebih memperhatikan pekerja yang berumur di atas 30 tahun dan memperhatikan status gizi pekerja. Untuk pengemudi travel hendaknya membiasakan diriuntuk melakukan peregangan otot di sela mengemudi atau pun saat beristirahat.
Peran Masyarakat Terhadap Pembayaran Retribusi Sampah Di Kota Samarinda
Authors: Rachim Abd
Published: May 2020

Salah  satu  masalah  lingkungan  hidup  di  daerah  perkotaan  adalah  pencemar an  yang diakibatkan oleh sampah. Masalah sampah disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor seperti pertambahan   jumlah  penduduk,   perubahan  standar  hidup,   gaya   hidup   dan   p erilaku masyarakat, serta bagaimana system pengelolaan sampah tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana peran masyarakat terhadap Pembayaran retribusi sampah di Kota Samarinda. Penelitian ini bersifat diskriptif, yakni data yang dikumpulkan kemudian disusun, dijelaskan dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis frekuensi relatif. Peran serta masyarakat  membayar  "retribusi  sampah",  yang  menya takan  membayar  setiap  bulan  = 96,67%, dan mengenai tarif masyarakat menyatakan murah, sedang dan cukup, masing - masing  46,08%,  21,21%,  21,04%.  Dari  data  tersebut  peran  serta  masyarkat  dalam membayar "retribusi sampah" cukup tinggi.
Composição da remuneração docente nos planos de carreira de capitais brasileiras: vencimento base e vantagens pecuniárias
Authors: Jacomini Márcia Aparecida , Nascimento Ana Paula Santiago do , Imbó Katia Aparecida dos Santos
Published: May 2020

Neste artigo a composição da remuneração docente é estudada com base nos planos de carreira e demais legislações de 12 capitais brasileiras. Analisa-se a movimentação na carreira e respectiva diferenciação no vencimento base e as vantagens pecuniárias permanentes e transitórias, que compõem a remuneração dos professores. Trata-se de estudo bibliográfico e documental, com o objetivo de descrever e analisar a composição da remuneração de professores da educação básica. Constatou-se que o vencimento base é o principal item da remuneração e que esse sofre variação de acordo com a movimentação na carreira por titulação, tempo de serviço, formação continuada e avaliação de desempenho. As vantagens pecuniárias permanentes mais frequentes são décimo terceiro salarial, anuênio, triênio, quinquênio e sexta parte. Foram encontrados 55 diferentes tipos de vantagens pecuniárias transitórias, sendo as mais frequentes o auxílio transporte, a gratificação por trabalho em local de difícil acesso e pelo trabalho noturno e 1/3 de férias.
A história da pós-graduação no Brasil e a construção do espaço acadêmico científico da educação
Authors: Silva Ortega Fábio , Da Fonseca Brandão Carlos
Published: May 2020

Este artigo trata da história da construção do espaço científico da Educação e dos processos pelos quais a pós-graduação consolidou a pesquisa científica no Brasil e os grupos de pesquisa nas diversas áreas de conhecimento. Assim, objetivou-se investigar o movimento histórico pelo qual se engendrou a pós-graduação em Educação no país, a partir das primeiras intencionalidades de construção do espaço acadêmico educacional, que datam de 1892, até meados da década de 2010, período em que se consolida o processo de constituição e ampliação da pós-graduação, e a emergência dos grupos de pesquisas nesse âmbito. Mediante uma revisão bibliográfica da literatura educacional acerca da pósgraduação, com Henriques (1994), procedemos à investigação da construção do campo científico da Educação. Os resultados apontam que as transformações da pós-graduação em Educação trouxeram novas condições de produção do conhecimento.
Edmar de Oliveira Gonçalves: educador e construtor de memórias divididas (1966 – 1988)
Authors: Borba Rodrigo Cerqueira do Nascimento
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo apresenta e debate elementos da trajetória profissional de Edmar de Oliveira Gonçalves enquanto professor e diretor-geral da Escola Técnica Federal Celso Suckow da Fonseca, localizada no Rio de Janeiro. A partir do emprego de um quadro teórico voltado à compreensão de sua constituição como intelectual que participou da produção de políticas educacionais da ditadura civil-militar, a pesquisa indicia diferentes disputas em torno das representações erigidas para esse ator social. Mobilizamos a triangulação de fontes históricas distintas, tais como a imprensa não pedagógica, documentos institucionais localizados no arquivo da instituição e depoimentos de exestudantes da escola. Dessa forma, evidenciamos o papel dúbio que Edmar Gonçalves desempenhou entre as décadas de 1960 e 1980 diante do cenário autoritário e discutimos como ele se tornou um construtor de memórias divididas.
Análisis, diseño y desarrollo de un prototipo de software para la administración de parqueaderos
Authors: Solarte-Martínez Guillermo R. , Silva Castro Frank , Muñoz-Guerrero Luis E.
Published: May 2020

Este proyecto nace a partir de la necesidad de un software que facilite la administración de un establecimiento dedicado al alquiler de parqueaderos, de modo que muchas de las características de estos establecimientos sean parametrizables desde una herramienta de software. En el proyecto, se diseñó y se desarrolló una aplicación de escritorio, compatible con versiones de Windows (7, 8, 8.1, 10) que permite la administración, parametrización y ejecución de las tareas realizadas en un establecimiento de alquiler de parqueaderos, con características extendidas como préstamo de inventario (cascos, chalecos) y creación de cupos de parqueo. El prototipo se desarrolló en la plataforma Windows para aprovechar la infraestructura básica de un parqueadero de la ciudad de Pereira. La concepción del software incluye actividades como; gestión de clientes, empleados, quejas, vehículos, mensualidades, ingresos, egresos, bitácora, auditoría, inventario, préstamos y facturación. Para el desarrollo del prototipo se utilizó una arquitectura cliente/servidor, de modo que los diferentes equipos estén conectados a una misma base de datos, compartiendo entre sí cada gestión. Se utilizó el IDE WINDEV y el lenguaje WLANGUAGE para el desarrollo.
Analysis of the Recycling Sector in Intermediate Cities. Study Case – Neiva, Colombia
Authors: Valderrama Christian Felipe , Ortiz Juan D. , Usa Maria M. , Borrero Oscar I.
Published: May 2020

The economic activity of recycling belongs to an unfortunate and marginalized segment of society in Colombia. This fact translates in high rates of informality and a general perception about people that work in this activity, which come usually from extreme poverty, burdened by discrimination, drug addiction, and rejection. The goal of this research was to determine the most significant factors impacting levels of society and economics. For this purpose, we carried out a mixed analysis in the chain of the recycling sector in Neiva, an intermediate city. Because of the informality of waste pickers’ union, official information and field survey were conducted to identify the waste commercialization establishments. The collection and transportation process were identified, and a survey was applied to 50 waste pickers and ten recycling companies. Seventy-two percent of the population is constituted by male gender, older than 25 years, in an unsafe condition, and with labor intensity of 8 hours per day (average). On the other hand, forty percent of companies have labor-related personnel, which confirms a high level of informality in the sector. The most commercialized product is cardboard, and the vast majority only purchase and commercialize the material.
Tratamiento de lixiviado de relleno sanitario mediante acople tecnológico de Biorreactor Laguna Anaerobia de Alta Tasa- BLAAT® y Humedal Construido Subsuperficial de Flujo Horizontal sembrado con policultivos
Authors: Madera-Parra Carlos A
Published: May 2020

El lixiviado de relleno sanitario (LX), es un líquido con un gran potencial eco-toxicológico que se genera como producto de la mezcla de agua lluvia que percola por el relleno y tiene contacto con el residuo sólido (RS) allí depositado, agua producida de la biodegradación de los residuos y el agua propia que contienen los residuos. El uso de eco-tecnologías (humedales construidos, lagunas algales) por las grandes ventajas ecológicas y ambientales exhibidas, han comenzado a emplearse en el tratamiento de LX con resultados bastante alentadores. En este sentido, la presente investigación desarrollada en el relleno sanitario de Presidente, municipio de San Pedro, Valle del Cauca, Colombia en el 2015, estuvo orientada a evaluar a escala piloto el uso del acople eco-tecnológico Biorreactor Laguna Anaerobia de Alta Tasa BLAAT® + humedal construido (HC) sembrado con policultivos de las especies tropicales Colocasia esculenta-Ce, Heliconia psittacorum-He y Gynerium sagittatum-Gs, para el tratamiento de LX bajo condiciones del trópico americano. Este trabajo coloca a disposición una serie de datos de campo sobre la calidad del lixiviado crudo y del efluente de cada unidad de tratamiento, mostrando el desempeño del acople, lo que puede contribuir al establecimiento de condiciones y escenarios para el tratamiento de este en poblaciones que dispongan condiciones cultural y ambiental similares a la zona del presente estudio.
Mitigating the COVID-19 spread: a challenge and an opportunity
Authors: Ramirez Malule Howard Diego , Ramirez-Malule Diego , Gómez-Ríos David
Published: May 2020

Dear Editor,
The Colombian government declared the quarantine for all the population since 25th March, 2020 as a measure to mitigate the expansion of COVID-19 in the country. Nevertheless, this restrictive measure showed early some opposite consequences to its purpose. As observed in other countries, the restriction measure caused a mass purchase of products, formation of crowds in grocery, department stores and local markets. The fear of shortage also caused exhaustion of products, long journeys and accumulation of large numbers of people in stores, bank offices and ATMs.
SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease: A Molecular Dynamic Study
Authors: Suárez Dimas , Díaz Natalia
Published: May 2020

We provide results from a molecular dynamics simulation of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease in the monomer and dimer states of the native enzyme and also bound to a peptide substrate.
Apparent Activation Energy in Electrochemical Multistep Reactions: A Description via Degrees of Rate Control
Authors: Calderón-Cárdenas Alfredo , Paredes-Salazar Enrique A. , Varela Hamilton
Published: May 2020

Activation energy is a well-known empirical parameter in chemical kinetics that characterises the dependence of the chemical rate coefficients on the temperature and provides information to compare the intrinsic activity of the catalysts. However, the determination and interpretation of the apparent activation energy in multistep reactions is not an easy task. For this purpose, the concept of degree of rate control is convenient, which comprises a mathematical approach for analyzing reaction mechanisms and chemical kinetics. Although this concept has been used in catalysis, it has not yet been applied in electrocatalytic systems, whose ability to control the potential across the solid/liquid interface is the main difference with heterogenous catalysis, and the electrical current is commonly used as a measure of the reaction rate. Herein we use the definition of ‘degree of rate control for elementary step’ to address some of the drawbacks that frequently arise with interpreting apparent activation energy as a measure of intrinsic electrocatalytic activity of electrode. For this, an electrokinetic model Langmuir-Hinshelwood-like is used for making numerical experiments and verifying the proposed ideas. The results show that to improve the catalytic activity of an electrode material, it must act upon the reaction steps with the highest normalised absolute values of degree of rate control. On the other hand, experiments at different applied voltages showed that if the electroactive surface poisoning process take place, changes in 𝐸𝑎𝑝𝑝 can not be used to compare the catalytic activity of the electrodes. Finally, the importance of making measurements at steady-state to avoid large errors in the calculations of apparent activation energy is also discussed.
Differences in Thermal Structural Changes and Melting Between Mesophilic and Thermophilic Dihydrofolate Reductase Enzymes
Authors: Maffucci Irene , Laage Damien , Stirnemann Guillaume , Sterpone Fabio
Published: May 2020

A key aspect of life's evolution on Earth is the adaptation of proteins to be stable and work in a very wide range of temperature conditions. A detailed understanding of the associated molecular mechanisms would also help to design enzymes optimized for biotechnological processes. Despite important advances, a comprehensive picture of how thermophilic enzymes succeed in functioning under extreme temperatures remains incomplete. Here, we examine the temperature dependence of stability and of flexibility in the mesophilic monomeric Escherichia coli (Ec) and thermophilic dimeric Thermotoga maritima (Tm) homologs of the paradigm dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) enzyme. We use all-atom molecular dynamics simulations and a replica-exchange scheme that allows to enhance the conformational sampling while providing at the same time a detailed understanding of the enzymes' behavior at increasing temperatures. We show that this approach reproduces the stability shift between the two homologs, and provides a molecular description of the denaturation mechanism by identifying the sequence of secondary structure elements melting as temperature increases, which is not straightforwardly obtained in the experiments. By repeating our approach on the hypothetical TmDHFR monomer, we further determine the respective effects of sequence and oligomerization in the exceptional stability of TmDFHR. We show that the intuitive expectation that protein flexibility and thermal stability are correlated is not verified. Finally, our simulations reveal that significant conformational fluctuations already take place much below the melting temperature. While the difference between the TmDHFR and EcDHFR catalytic activities is often interpreted via a simplified two-state picture involving the open and closed conformations of the key M20 loop, our simulations suggest that the two homologs' markedly different activity temperature dependences are caused by changes in the ligand-cofactor distance distributions in response to these conformational changes.
Remdesivir-Bound and Ligand-Free Simulations Reveal the Probable Mechanism of Inhibiting the RNA Dependent RNA Polymerase of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Koulgi Shruti , Jani Vinod , Uppuladinne V N Mallikarjunachari , Sonavane Uddhavesh , Joshi Rajendra
Published: May 2020

The efforts towards developing a potential drug against the current global pandemic, COVID-19, has increased in the past few months. Drug development strategies to target the RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) are being tried worldwide. The gene encoding this protein, is known to be conserved amongst positive strand RNA viruses. This enables an avenue to repurpose the drugs designed against earlier reported inhibitors of RdRP. One such strong inhibitor is remdesivir which has been used against EBOLA infections. The binding of remdesivir to RdRP of SARS-CoV-2 has been studied using the classical molecular dynamics and ensemble docking approach. A comparative study of the simulations of RdRP in the apo and remdesivir-bound form revealed blocking of the template entry site in the presence of remdesivir. The conformation changes leading to this event were captured through principal component analysis. The conformational and thermodynamic parameters supported the experimental information available on the involvement of crucial arginine, serine and aspartate residues belonging to the conserved motifs in RdRP functioning. The catalytic site comprising of SER 759, ASP 760, and ASP 761 (SDD) was observed to form strong contacts with remdesivir. The significantly strong interactions of these residues with remdesivir may infer the latter’s binding similar to the normal nucleotides thereby remaining unidentified by the exonuclease activity of RdRP. The ensemble docking of remdesivir too, comprehended the involvement of similar residues in interaction with the inhibitor. This information on crucial interactions between conserved residues of RdRP with remdesivir through in-silico approaches may be useful in designing inhibitors.
Teaching Junior High School Chemistry During the COVID-19 Community Quarantine Season: Lessons, Challenges, And Opportunities
Authors: Lansangan Ryan Villafuerte
Published: May 2020

This paper reports an autoethnographic study of a junior high school chemistry teacher’s field experience in remote chemistry teaching during the Enhanced Community Quarantine (ECQ) brought by COVID-19 in the Philippines. The teaching of chemistry for Junior High School in an online setting is possible but has challenges as well. Rooted from the pedagogic data and self-narration, this work examined the insights on the lessons, challenges and opportunities associated in teaching chemistry in basic education in an online mode. The researcher’s online chemistry teaching experience can be recapped in an acronym “REACH OUT”. Reinventing the wheel; Exploring the possibilities; Aligning to core essentials; Creating a learning routine; Hooking students online meaningfully; Offering consistent means of communication; Using authentic and reflective assessments; and Trusting the process. This paper, a pioneering of its kind, offers implications that can be embraced as we move into the new normal of having optimized online teaching experience and in shaping an undisruptive education that is responsive to crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic.
Time Prediction Through A Congested Road Section
Authors: Cheng Ziyi , Wei Ziqi , Huang Xinhao , Li Ying
Published: May 2020

First, the cellular automaton was used to simulate a "T" junction, and the correlation analysis was performed by combining the traffic pattern and the corresponding data to obtain the reason for the inaccurate prediction time of the navigation software. The collected data is preprocessed to obtain the driving time of multiple road vehicles in a week, and this is used as the influencing factor. Reuse the collected information: the length of the intersection, the average speed of real-time vehicles at the intersection, and the length of the intersection. The first two processes of the three pre-processing processes are considered together to obtain a time-dependent factor. The correlation factors and the duration of the intersections are used to predict the results of neural network training. Based on the analysis and prediction of the data, the causes of urban traffic congestion are analyzed, and measures to reduce urban congestion are proposed.