bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On practical application of plasma and laser hardening
Authors: Zlokazov M.V. , Korotkov V.A.
Published: August 2020

Laser and plasma hardening practically do not damage the surface, so the parts after their execution are sent
to the assembly without finishing machining, which reduces the complexity and logistics of the process. In conditions
of dry friction hardened steel discs 45 and 40Kh increase wear resistance up to 100 times. The service life
of parts strengthened by laser and plasma hardening is repeatedly increased. Laser hardening differs from plasma
hardening by higher cost of equipment, therefore it is preferable in large-scale production. Plasma installation
UDGZ-200, thanks to manual operation, it is possible to temper the surfaces inaccessible or inaccessible to other
hardening methods. This, together with the low cost of equipment, makes plasma hardening cost-effective in conditions
of single-unit and small-scale productions.
Une histoire de la surveillance de la qualité de l’eau des milieux naturels en France
Authors: ZAITER Y. , DESTANDAU F.
Published: August 2020

Les réseaux de surveillance de l’eau jouent un rôle important dans la collecte d’information sur la qualité et la quantité de l’eau. Pour l’aspect quantitatif, les premiers réseaux de surveillance datent de 1840. La surveillance qualitative de la ressource en eau a, quant à elle, débuté avec la loi sur l’eau de 1964. Ces réseaux ont, par la suite, connu une évolution au fil des lois et des directives européennes sur l’eau. Dans cet article, nous retraçons, dans une première partie, l’histoire de ces réseaux de surveillance en France en distinguant trois périodes : les premiers réseaux découlant de la loi sur l’eau de 1964, les évolutions résultant des directives européennes des années 1970 à 1990, et enfin les réseaux de surveillance depuis la directive cadre sur l’eau de 2000. Dans une seconde partie, nous nous intéressons en particulier au bassin Rhin-Meuse, en présentant les différents réseaux existants : la déclinaison des réseaux nationaux exposés précédemment, mais également les réseaux locaux spécifiques.
Reminéralisation des petits captages d’eau potable : contribution à l’élimination de l’aluminium d’origine naturelle
Authors: ROUGERIE J. , BORDAS F. , BUZIER R. , ROBIN V. , FONDANÈCHE P. , RATEAU M. , BOULP L. , GUIBAUD G.
Published: August 2020

L’étude porte sur des petits captages de subsurface utilisés pour l’alimentation en eau potable (production < 10 m3/j) situés en moyenne montagne, sur l’ouest du Massif central français. Les eaux sont captées entre 1 et 3 m de profondeur dans les altérites. En raison du contexte géologique de socle, ces eaux sont très agressives (pH ≤ 5,5, conductivité électrique ≤ 62 μS/cm à 25 °C) et peuvent contenir naturellement des teneurs en aluminium dépassant la référence de qualité du Code de la santé publique français fixée à 200 μg/L (valeurs ponctuellement supérieures à 2000 μg/L). Dans ce contexte, des traitements simples à mettre en oeuvre et à exploiter tels que la neutralisation ou la reminéralisation par filtration sur calcaire terrestre ou maërl sont étudiés. Ces traitements sont adaptés à la correction de l’agressivité des eaux et, compte tenu de la faible solubilité de l’aluminium pour des pH proches de la neutralité, ils peuvent également contribuer à son élimination par précipitation et piégeage dans le massif filtrant. Cette étude montre que les pH atteints par l’eau traitée après neutralisation sur calcaire terrestre ou sur maërl sont trop élevés (pH ≥ 8) pour assurer une élimination suffisante de l’aluminium. La reminéralisation permet quant à elle d’éliminer la quasi-totalité de l’aluminium (84 à > 98 %) pour des pH de l’eau traitée compris entre 7,0 et 7,3, quel que soit le matériau filtrant utilisé. Le suivi du lavage d’un filtre montre qu’il se révèle efficace vis-à-vis de l’élimination de l’aluminium retenu dans le filtre, car il est faiblement lié au matériau filtrant, du fait de son piégeage majoritaire par précipitation. Une fréquence de lavage et/ou de regarnissage des filtres adaptée sera alors nécessaire pour limiter le risque de relargage d’aluminium dans les réseaux de distribution.
Sosyal Devlet Kapitalizmin Anti-Tezi Mi?
Authors: Önder İzzettin
Published: August 2020

Keynesyen düşünce sisteminde temellerini bulmuş olan Sosyal Devlet Politikaları İkinci Paylaşım Savaşı ertesinde uygulamaya koyulmuş olup, 1970’lerin ortalarına kadar devam etmiştir. Her ne kadar amaç, ekonomi ve politika karışımı yoluyla, eşitlikçi bir toplumsal yapı oluşturmak idi ise de, ekonominin tartışılmaz gücü karşısında koşulların değişmesi ile politik önlemler ters dönmüş ve sermaye gücü ekonomide ve politika alanında başat olmuştur. Çok değerli olan bu tarihsel deney göstermiştir ki, emek piyasasında sermayenin hakimiyeti önlenmedikçe ve emeğe üretim ve dağıtım mekanizmalarının her kademesinde yer verilmedikçe, sistemi meşrulaştırmak için geçici bazı önlemlerin alınması olası olmakla beraber, kalıcı adil bir toplumsal yapı oluşturulması olanaksızdır ki, Marks’ın Keynes’e üstünlüğü burada ortaya çıkar.
MENCIPTAKAN LINGKUNGAN SEKOLAH YANG EFEKTIF
Authors: Hendrizal Hendrizal
Published: August 2020

This paper intends to review efforts to create a conducive and effective school environment more intensively so that learning objectives become more quality can be achieved. The purpose of making this paper is to be able to give insight to those who take part in the world of education to increasingly understand the following: the problem of the concept of the school environment and the concept of an effective school environment. It is known that to create an effective school environment there needs to be collaboration and compatibility between the conditions of the learning environment, both the physical and social environment, with the learning participants in this case students and teachers. Both learning environments need to be maximized in order to create an effective school environment. At the level of praxis, furthermore, it is hoped that education personnel can apply an understanding of the concept of the school environment and the concept of an effective school environment in organizing educational and schooling activities.
Education of international migrants’ children during the pandemic
Authors: Омельченко Е.А.
Published: August 2020

Весной 2020 года, когда мир охватила пандемия новой коронавирусной инфекции, многие дети из семей мигрантов, как и другие школьники, столкнулись с необходимостью перехода на дистанционное обучение. Для многих маленьких мигрантов переход на освоение знаний в режиме онлайн оказался невозможным из-за отсутствия гаджетов и компьютеров, нестабильного интернета или его полного отсутствия. Но, кроме чисто технических проблем, возникли и другие препятствия на пути к получению этой категорией детей качественного образования. Среди них – невозможность получения дополнительных консультаций, сокращение сферы коммуникации на новом для них языке и социальная изоляция. В статье анализируется влияние, которое оказало распространение коронавирусной инфекции, на сферу обучения и интеграции детей из семей международных мигрантов.

During the spring 2020, when the world was captured by the new coronavirus contagion, many children from migrants’ families along with other students, faced the need of transition to a distance learning. For many little migrants the process of gaining knowledge online appeared to be unreal because they do not have any gadgets or computers, their internet connection is unstable or absent. But, besides clear technical problems, there arose other obstacles on the way to good quality education for this category of children. The obstacles involve the impossibility to get supplementary language consultations, a cutback of the sphere of communication with the use of a language that is new for such children, a social isolation. The author of the article analyzes an influence that the spread of coronavirus infection has made on the sphere of education and integration of children from the families of international migrants.
Integration of migrants through education in Bulgaria: interactivity in the learning process
Authors: Модева М.
Published: August 2020

Цель статьи – познакомить читателя с теорией и практикой применения конкретных дидактических методов в контексте различных проблемных ситуаций как интерактивных форм обучения и их ролью в процессе интеграции мигрантов в Болгарии. Использование интерактивных методов помогает интенсифицировать коммуникацию между учащимися. Вовлекаются все участники образовательного процесса, никто не остается пассивным наблюдателем. Сами формулировки заданий требуют предельной концентрации, активизируют память, эмпатию, личное участие в решении поставленной задачи и взаимодействие участников. Интеграция мигрантов посредством образовательных инноваций – лучший путь организации их нормальной жизни в болгарском обществе. Конкретные примеры дают возможность применить передовой опыт на практике.

The purpose of the article is to introduce the reader to the theory and practice of applying specific didactic methods in the context of various problem situations as interactive forms of learning and their role in the integration of migrants in Bulgaria. Interactive techniques help to intensify the communication between students. All participants of the educational process are involved, no one remains a passive observer. The form of tasks requires laser-sharp focus, activates memory, empathy, personal participation in solving the task and interaction between participants. Integration of migrants through educational innovations is the best way to organize their normal life in Bulgarian society. Actual examples provide an opportunity to apply best practices.
Development trends and problems of poli-cultural education in modern society
Authors: Тюляева Т.И.
Published: August 2020

Статья посвящена теоретическим аспектам современного поликультурного образования, концептуальным подходам к межкультурному диалогу в образовательной среде, практической реализации поликультурного воспитания в образовательных организациях. Обсуждается значение развития межкультурных коммуникаций как социального заказа, принципа и приоритета государственной политики, методы и сложности формирования специальных компетенций педагогов в сфере поликультурного образования.

The article is devoted to theoretical aspects of modern multicultural education, conceptual approaches to intercultural dialogue in the educational environment, and practical implementation of poli-cultural education in educational organizations. The article discusses the importance of the development of intercultural communications as a social order, the principle and priority of state policy, methods and difficulties of forming special competencies of teachers in the field of poli-cultural education.
Memoirs of Serge Hollerbach (USA): Bright portraits of contemporaries by the outstanding artist of the second wave
Authors: Горячева Ю.Ю.
Published: August 2020

Живописец, эссеист и мемуарист Сергей Голлербах является автором уникальных мемуаров о мастерах культуры второй волны эмиграции, преимущественно поколении ди-пи. В поле внимания рассматриваемых мемуаров – мир Русского Зарубежья послевоенного Нью-Йорка и его ярких представителей: Михаила Вербова, Ивана Елагина, Владимира Одинокова, Леонида Ржевского и других известных литераторов и художников. Мемуары Голлербаха приоткрывают тайну его становления как художника, знакомят читателя с его пониманием основных принципов искусства.

Painter, essayist and writer Serge Hollerbach is the author of unique memoir essays about artistic talent of his time, the Russian emigration’s «second wave», primarily DP generation. The monograph is focused on the Russian diaspora of post-WW2 New York and its bright representatives: Mikhail Verbov, Ivan Elagin, Vladimir Odinokov, Leonid Rzhevsky and other famous writers and artists. Hollerbach’s memoir essays also unveil the mystery of his development as an artist and introduces the reader to the author’s understanding of art’s general principles.
Ulziy – a symbolic ornament of prosperity and the center of the macrocosm of Mongolian nomads
Authors: Гантулга Д.
Published: August 2020

Первообразом символического орнамента благополучия (улзий) послужил обычный веревочный или ременный узел, который кочевники использовали в быту. Постепенно данный орнаментальный мотив получил широкое распространение. Символизирующий центр макромира кочевой культуры, он олицетворяет прочность, устойчивость, благополучие и счастье.

The prototype of the symbolic ornament of prosperity (ulziy) was the usual rope or belt knot, which the nomads used in everyday life. Over time, this ornamental motif became widespread. Symbolizing the center of the macrocosm of nomadic culture it represents strength, stability, well-being, and happiness.
Measuring Resistance and Engagement: The Linguaculture Motivation Profiler
Authors: Shaules Joseph , Fritz Robinson , Miyafusa Sumiko
Published: August 2020

This paper is a report on a research project examining psychological resistance to foreign language learning and describes the development of a psychometric instrument—the Linguaculture Motivation Profiler (LMP). The authors argue that in SLA, motivation is often conceptualized in binary terms—motivated vs. unmotivated. They indicate that, in fact, humans have two neurocognitive motivational systems—approach motivation and avoidance motivation. Borrowing from intercultural adjustment theory, the researchers argue that negative reactions to the psychological challenges of language learning are a normal part of the learning process. The LMP conceptualizes motivation in terms of engagement (approach motivation) and resistance (avoidance motivation). It also measures mixed states, a complex psychological state in which learners both engage and resist at the same time. The authors discuss how the LMP is being used in the classroom, and implications for an enriched, more complex understanding of motivation. This can encourage learner self-understanding and improved learning outcomes.
外国語学習における心理的な抵抗感に関する考察と、それを測定するLinguaculture Motivation Profiler (LMP)について報告する。第二言語習得研究（SLA）では、学習意欲は意欲があるかどうか議論される。実際、人には学習意欲が向上したり、低下したりする神経認知の学習意欲のシステムがあり、学習者は言語を学ぶ際に心理的に複雑な反応をしている。SLAは、学習意欲の向上に注目し、意欲の低下については否定的に捉える傾向にある。しかし、異文化適応説では、言語を学ぶ際の否定的な反応は学習過程において通常のことであるとしている。本稿は意欲があることをengagement、低い状態をresistanceと概念化している。また、学習意欲を示しながらも否定的な反応を示す複雑な心理状態をmixed statesとする。最後にLMPが授業の中でどのように実践されているのかについてまとめた。
Post-Encounter Motivation During Study Abroad
Authors: Bonn Suzanne , Demperio Jaime , Kozlowska Martyna
Published: August 2020

Norton (2010) called for language teachers to recognize and consider a connection between a learner’s motivation to learn a language and their changing identity. In the present study, we examined Japanese learners during study abroad (SA) in Canada and looked at the impact of intercultural contact on their motivation (Aubrey & Nowlan, 2013; Clément, 1980). More specifically, we identify post-encounter motivation (PEM) as return on the investment that students make during SA and explore the ways it enhances their desire to become active participants in target language contexts. Using focus groups and questionnaires, we collected data from 2 groups (N = 13) over the course of 2 academic years and analyzed the data using qualitative content analysis. The results demonstrate the importance of PEM, reveal its salient and observable features, and offer grounds for educators to consider PEM when preparing students for SA.
Norton（2010）は、学生たちが言語を学びたいと思う気持ちと彼らのアイデンティティーの変化とのつながりについて考え、認識するよう、言語教師たちに提案した。本研究では、カナダに留学中の日本人学生たちの異文化体験が彼らのやる気に与える影響について吟味した（Aubrey & Nowlan, 2013; Clément, 1980）。更には、留学中の学生たちの努力と熱心さに対する見返りとして post-encounter motivation（PEM）という概念を提示し、これが留学先社会の一員として活躍したいという彼らの気持ちを高める過程を明らかにした。フォーカス・グループ・インタビューとアンケート調査によって、2つの集団 (n = 13)から2年にわたってデータを集め、それを質的内容分析の手法で分析した。分析の結果、PEMの重要性と特徴が明らかにされた。また、留学に向けて学生たちを指導する際、PEMについて考えることの大切さが示された。
Promoting Student Intercultural Communicative Competence in the Japanese Context
Authors: Christopher Adam
Published: August 2020

The impact of culture on language has been acknowledged for many years (Vygotsky, 1962) as well as how local culture may influence the communication strategies and interactions of EFL learners. Since intercultural communicative competence is the key to such communication, I investigated the perceptions of Japanese university students of integrating American and British cultural activities with language learning both in and outside of the EFL classroom. Data were collected through a questionnaire administered to 78 university students. The results suggest that students had positive attitudes and an interest in developing further understanding of the target language culture both in and outside of class. Furthermore, they believed that the target language culture should be incorporated in the teaching of foreign languages. Therefore, this study highlights the need for integrating the teaching of culture with language instruction into the curriculum in the Japanese context.
言語に対する文化の影響は、長年にわたって広く認識されている（Vygotsky、1962）。同様に、地域の文化がEFL学習者のコミュニケーション戦略と交流にどのように影響するかについても広く認識されている。したがって、異文化コミュニケーション能力は、国際コミュニケーションを成功させるための重要な要素である。本研究では、大学生のEFL教室と授業外での米国及び英国の文化活動と語学学習の統合に対する認識を調査している。調査は、日本の大学の78人のEFL大学生に実施された。結果は、生徒がクラスの内外で対象言語の文化を理解することに前向きな姿勢と関心を示したことを示唆している。さらに、彼らは対象言語の文化が外国語の授業に組み込まれるべきであると信じていた。したがって、この研究は、日本の実情に即して、文化と言語を統合的に教える必要性を強調している。
Semantic Grammatical Opportunities Of Descriptive And Imitative Units In Uzbek Languages
Authors: Makhamatali Kizi Aliboeva Nilufar
Published: August 2020

This article entails imitative expressions to sound and state in national linguistic view of the world, agglutinative languages, particulary, wide usage of imitations in Uzbek, additionally, almost non-existence of imitations as an independent part of speech expressing imitation to sound and state with nouns, adjectives or verbs,derivation of imitation with the above words.
Neurocognitive predictors of treatment completion and daytime activities at follow-up in multiproblem young adults
Authors: Van der Sluys M. E. , Zijlmans J. , Popma A. , Van der Laan P. H. , Scherder E. J. A. , Marhe R.
Published: August 2020

Previous research has shown an association between cognitive control deficits and problematic behavior such as antisocial behavior and substance use, but little is known about the predictive value of cognitive control for treatment outcome. The current study tests whether selected markers of baseline cognitive control predict (1) treatment completion of a day treatment program involving a combination of approaches for multiproblem young adults and (2) daytime activities a year after the start of treatment, over and above psychological, social, and criminal characteristics. We assessed individual, neurobiological, and neurobehavioral measures, including functional brain activity during an inhibition task and two electroencephalographic measures of error processing in 127 male multiproblem young adults (age 18–27 years). We performed two hierarchical regression models to test the predictive power of cognitive control for treatment completion and daytime activities at follow-up. The overall models did not significantly predict treatment completion or daytime activities at follow-up. However, activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during response inhibition, years of regular alcohol use, internalizing problems, and ethnicity were all significant individual predictors of daytime activity at follow-up. In conclusion, cognitive control could not predict treatment completion or daytime activities a year after the start of treatment over and above individual characteristics. However, results indicate a direct association between brain activity during response inhibition and participation in daytime activities, such as work or school, after treatment. As adequate baseline inhibitory control is associated with a positive outcome at follow-up, this suggests interventions targeting cognitive control might result in better outcomes at follow-up.
Desarrollo de un sistema mecatrónico para robot humanoide que permita emular el movimiento del cuello de los seres humanos
Authors: López Cortés Francisco José , Vergara Limón Sergio , Vargas Treviño María Aurora Diozcora , Palomino Merina Amparo Dora , Pinto Avedaño David Eduardo , Vilariño Ayala Darnes
Published: August 2020

En el presente trabajo se muestra el diseño de un sistema mecatrónico, el cual emula los movimientos del cuello humano, ya que sostendrá la cabeza de un robot humanoide (Arthur) desarrollado por la empresa Hanson Robotics. El diseño mecánico se basa en un robot esférico de 3 grados de libertad (3-GDL), se desarrolla el modelo dinámico a través de las ecuaciones de movimiento de Euler-Lagrange. La etapa de control es una tarjeta de desarrollo FPGA (arreglos de compuertas programables en campo) de la familia Cyclone IV, la etapa de potencia se basa en transistores BJT, se implementa el controlador Tangente hiperbólico y una interfaz de comunicación WiFi para configurar el robot desde una PC con ayuda del software Labview. Como resultado se muestra la integración del sistema mecatrónico, la interfaz desarrollada junto con la comunicación FPGA-PC y control de posición. El trabajo futuro será la implementación del sistema en el robot humanoide.
Risk management analysis in construction enterprises in selected regions in Poland
Authors: Myrczek Józef , Juraszek Janusz , Tworek Piotr
Published: August 2020

This paper aims to outline the selected issues of risk management in construction
enterprises operating in the Silesian and Małopolskie voivodships (Poland). In this
context, it seems vitally important to have risk accurately identified, quantified
and, consequently, responded to in the right way. Although the paper is mainly
empirical in its character, it is based on a theoretical background, particularly when
it comes to risk management in the construction industry, which is referred to in
the literature on the subject as CRM (Construction Risk Management). The paper
contains a review of the literature in this field and uses the method of synthesis.
It emphasises the applicability and methodology of the issues discussed here, i.e.
those which were verified in the empirical research conducted among construction
contractors as participants of investment and construction processes.
Modification of Process Parameters for Enhanced Lipase Induction from Bacillus SR1
Authors: Ahmad Sana , Riaz Aliya , Abbasi Hina , Eijaz Reeja , Syed Muhammad Noman
Published: August 2020

The enzymes catalyze the cleavage of triacylglycerols into fatty acids and glycerols are referred to as lipases (EC 3.1.1.3). Lipases are widely distributed in flora and fauna. Microbial lipases are of great importance than lipases from plants and animals due to their catalytic activity, ease of production and optimization. Lipases have tremendous industrial applications such as in the processing of fats and oils, detergents and degreasing formulations, food processing, the synthesis of fine chemicals, paper manufacture, and production of cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, a potential lipase producing bacterial strain was isolated and identified as gram +ve Bacillus SR1. Among different oils tested, olive oil was found to be the favorable substrate for lipase induction. Additionally, lipase induction was observed highest in 24 hours of fermentation at 37?C and pH 7.5.
Nutritional and Antioxidant Potential of Common Vegetables in Pakistan
Authors: Naseer Sumra , Hussain Shabbir , Zahid Zark
Published: August 2020

Vegetables contain many important antioxidants and nutrients. Daucus carota L (carrot) is rich in hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants and is a good source of carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals such as Ca, Mg, P, and Fe. It shows anti-carcinogenic, antioxidant, and immune boosting properties. It also provides protection against muscular degradation and development of senile cataract and reduces the risk of many diseases in humans. The nutritional value of Cucurbita pepo Linn (pumpkin) is attributed to the high level of carotenoids, carbohydrates, vitamins, other minerals. Pumpkin due to the presence of vitamin B complex, Ca and P, provides protection against many acute and chronic diseases. Pumpkin peel and pulp are the good source of antioxidants, polyphenols, carotenoids, dietary fiber and minerals such as P and Fe. Pumpkin extract shows antioxidant, antimicrobial and other activities. Spinacia oleracea (spinach) is a good source of essential nutrients such as carotenoids, vitamins, and minerals (P, K, Mg). Its leaves contain carotenoids, polyphenols, flavonoids, and ascorbic acid. Fresh spinach extract shows antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Solanum tuberosum (potato) is rich in starch, alkaloids, flavonoids, dietary fiber, and some other minerals (K, Mg, Fe). Potato helps to overcome chronic and acute diseases and has an impact on blood pressure and gut health.
Prevalence and Resistance Profile of Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter Species from Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Ain Qurat ul , Naim Asma , Saeed Asma
Published: August 2020

Acinetobacter baumannii causes a variety of infections including pneumonia, urinary tract infection, bacteremia, peritonitis etc. This organism is developing resistance to a number of antibiotics due to various intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance genes. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter species from Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 111 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii and 8 strains of non-baumannii Acinetobacter were isolated from various hospitals of Karachi from September 2013 to December 2014. Identification of the isolates was based on the standard biochemical tests and detection of OXA-51 and OXA-23. Antibiotic resistance profile of the isolates was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was also determined by broth macro-dilution method. Among 111 Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, 8 were pan-drug resistant (PDR) and 103 isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR) while all non-baumannii Acinetobacter were MDR. The effective antibiotics against A. baumannii were colistin, gentamicin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin with MIC50 value 1, 256, 256, 256µg/ml, respectively. These findings strongly suggest the proper detection and reporting of PDR/MDR Acinetobacter from clinical samples and also the judicious use of broad-spectrum antibiotics is necessary to prevent the further spread of resistant strains of Acinetobacter.
Nystagmus: A FRMD7 Prospective
Authors: Khan Hafeez Ullah , Khan Muhammad Zakryya , Tareen Abdul Malik , Khan Muhammad Musawir
Published: August 2020

Nystagmus is involuntary up and down, to and fro and oscillatory movement of eye. Nystagmus is caused by different inheritance pattern, which can be; AD (autosomal dominant), AR (autosomal recessive) and X-linked. This review elaborates the mutational canvas of FRMD7 gene involved in X-linked Nystagmus. In Pakistan the publication is either not available or no research findings has been reported for FRMD7 gene according to our knowledge.
Evaluation of Selected Pakistani Honeys in Comparison with Manuka Honey Against Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Hussain Muhammad Barkaat
Published: August 2020

Background: Antibacterial resistance in Vibrio cholerae has been reported in many parts of the world. Therefore, it is important to explore novel therapies which stand less chances of developing antimicrobial resistance. In this regard honey is getting worldwide attention because antibacterial resistance against honey is unlikely.

Objectives: To determine the antibacterial activity of locally produced Sidr (Ziziphus jujuba), Kalonji (Nigella sativa) and Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp) honey against twenty-six clinical isolates of Vibrio cholerae to compare the antibacterial activity of indigenous honey with medically graded Manuka honey.

Methodology: Identification of Vibrio cholerae was done by standard cultural, biochemical and serological methods. Susceptibility pattern of Vibrio cholerae was also determined.  Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of locally produced Sidr, Kalonji and Eucalyptus honey, and medically graded Manuka honey was determined by agar dilution and kirby bauer test. American Type Culture Collections (ATCC) Escherichia coli 25922, Staphylococcus aureus 25923 and Acinetobacter baumannii 29213 were used as standard control strains.

Results: Manuka and Eucalyptus honey have comparable antibacterial activity against both sensitive and resistant clinical isolates of Vibrio cholerae. The lowest MICs were between 3.7 to 4% for medically graded Manuka honey, whereas Eucalyptus honey inhibited between the range 4 to 4.3%. Kalonji and Sidr honey inhibited these isolates between 6.7 to 7.0% and 6.3 to 7.0%, respectively.

Conclusion: It is concluded that Manuka and Eucalyptus honey could be evaluated in a clinical trial for the treatment of gastroenteritis caused by Vibrio cholerae.
The Assessment of Depression Level Among Diabetic Patients in Karachi Using BDI (Beck’s Depression Inventory)
Authors: Rafiq Kiran , Nesar Shagufta , Saify Zafar Saied , Mughal Mohammad Azhar , Rizvi Alina , Raza Aleeza , Hassan Alisha
Published: August 2020

Background: Diabetes is co-morbid with various metabolic and psychological disorders. Diabetes and depression are both chronic conditions with allied adverse and complicated outcomes.

Objectives: The current study was designed and planned accordingly to elucidate the associated frequency of depression with DM (Diabetes Mellitus) type 2 and prescribing practice of doctors depending on the distressing reality and threatening figures.

Methodology: A prototype prospective study was monitored in different public and private sector hospitals and clinics of outpatient settings in Karachi after taking approval from the Ethical Review Board of Hamdard University. In this context, seven hundred patients having diabetes were covered in the study and their data were analyzed through the Statistical software version 20. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was the preferred approach to evaluate the depression level.

Results: The outcome of the study established the fact of high prevalence for the co-morbidity of stress, anxiety and depression among patients with diabetes in Karachi, specifically among age bracket from forty to sixty years. Unfortunately, 80% (544) of diabetic patients in the study were suffering from depression and anxiety, while only 22.05% (120) patients were taking antidepressants and they were not counseled for the root cause of the disease.  Severe depression (BDI score=38) was present in 100 subjects, moderate depression (BDI score=27) in 200 subjects, and mild depression was present in 175 of subjects. Being a patient of DM is itself a strong reason for contracting a depressive disorder. The result highlight improper treatment of depression in diabetic patients.

Conclusion: However, the current situation demands to follow proper treatment through effective and appropriate drugs to treat the disease from progressing.  Moreover, efforts should be undertaken to strengthen the healthcare system where practitioners, either doctors, pharmacists or nurses are liable for patient care in both the physical and psychological domains.
Characterization of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Hospital Environment
Authors: Irshad Saba , Yasmeen Humaira
Published: August 2020

Background: Unveiling of multidrug resistance in bacteria is becoming a global concern. It contributes as a main financial burden to treat infectious diseases especially in developing countries.

Objectives: This study was designed to determine the prevalence and resistance pattern of multidrug resistant bacteria from hospital soil.

Methodology: Using random soil sampling technique, bacterial isolates were obtained through dilution plate method. Antimicrobial screening of isolates was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method against a panel of 14 known antibiotics. Furthermore, strains were biochemically identified following Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology.

Results: A total of 44 isolates were successfully identified from 4 soil samples of different waste areas of hospital from Multan region. Bacillus spp. and Staphylococcus ssp. were prominent isolates in all the sites. Resistance among Bacillus spp. was high against ampicillin (91%) and in Staphylococcus spp. against tetracycline (78%). Out of total strains, 35 were found to be multidrug resistant.

Conclusion: Presence of drug residue in the hospital waste contributes to its resistance in bacteria. A substantial increase of multidrug resistance in hospital waste demands an effective management against drugs.
A Simplistic Screening Assay of Antimicrobial Compounds and Enzymatic Activity from Local Soil Microbes
Authors: Zainab Kashmala , Batool Hira
Published: August 2020

Antibiotics production is the most emerging field worldwide with a constant need for the new ones to fight the microbial resistance. In this context, the research was pursued to isolate, characterize and screen for promising antibiotic-producing microbes from local soil. The soil bacterial isolates  (S1, S2, S3,S4, and S5) and fungal isolates (F1, F2, F4, F6, and F7) were selected and screened for antimicrobial activity against the Test bacteria by agar well diffusion and disc diffusion methods. Assays for Extracellular enzymes including Protease, Lipase, Lecithinase, Cellulase, and Amylase following the substrate hydrolysis were performed on different Agars such as Casein Agar, Tween 80 Agar, Egg Yolk Agar, Carboxymethylcellulose Agar, and Starch Agar respectively. The isolated microorganisms which produced antimicrobial compounds were identified as Bacillus, Actinomycetes, Streptomycetes, H. werneckii, A. niger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus and P. notatum on the basis of their cultural and microscopic characteristics and their optimum growth. The antimicrobial activity was determined by varying pH and NaCl concentrations. The research work revealed that among all isolates Actinomycetes (21%), P. notatum  (29%) and H. werneckii (21%) showed maximum bioactivities against the test organisms and all isolates exhibited at least four of the tested enzymes.
Identification and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing of ESBL producing Klebsiella strains by Phenotypic methods
Authors: Taqdees Malik , Naim Asma , Saeed Asma
Published: August 2020

Multi drug resistance has now become a worldwide therapeutic challenge due to the widespread use of broad spectrum antibiotics. Klebsiella species have significant importance in clinical field as they cause various infections in human and are considered as potential pathogens that express antibiotic resistance through their strong enzymatic activity. Extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs) are plasmid mediated enzymes produced mostly because of mutation and few other factors.  These enzymes confer resistance against various Î²-lactam drugs including cephalosporins and monobactams. Among the genus Klebsiella, ESBLs are highly prevalent in K. pneumoniae followed by K. oxytoca.

This study was conducted in Pakistan to assess the distribution of ESBL producers among Klebsiella spp., an important member of the family Enterobacteriaceae. From January 2010 to January 2012, a total of 236 gram-negative isolates were collected from different renowned microbiological laboratories. Out of the 236 gram-negative isolates, 125 were found as Klebsiella spp. by using standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiling of these strains was performed by using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Phenotypic detection of the production of extended spectrum beta lactamase enzyme was performed using double disc synergy method and combination disc method.

It has been identified that Klebsiella strains are highly resistant against Amoxicillin, Tetracycline, Nalidixic Acid, Cephradine, Gentamicin, co-amoxyclav with the percentage of 100%, 86%, 86%, 82%, 82% and 80% respectively. The most effective antibiotics for Klebsiella spp. were found to be Amikacin, Meropenem and Piperacillin-tazobactam, with highest sensitivities of 96%, 94% and 91%. Phenotypic detection of Extended spectrum beta lactamase production by double disc synergy test was able to identify 28% ESBL producers among Klebsiella isolates whereas 64% were detected by combination disc test.
Microbial IAA: Spectral Analysis and Application to Modulate Growth of Triticum aestivum
Authors: Abid Ammara , Ahmed Ambreen
Published: August 2020

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) play an essential part in transformation, solubilization, and mobilization of nutrients procured from the soil. Plant-microbe interaction can be termed as an eco-friendly approach which not only improves plant growth but helps in sustaining the soil and prevents environmental degradation from agrochemicals. PGPR improve plant growth through various mechanisms. One of the mechanisms involved is phytohormone production by the bacterial strains. In the current study, spectral analysis of thirteen already isolated and identified auxin-producing microbial strains (AAL1, AB8, A7B, A5C, A3E, A11E, AL2, A9G, A12G, A13G, AM10, P4, and S6) was carried out. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the bacterial IAA exhibited close structural similarity between bacterial IAA and standard IAA. The growth-enhancing capability of strains was verified through the application of these strains on Triticum aestivum seedlings and enhancement of growth was statistically analyzed which indicated remarkable improvement in growth and metabolism both under laboratory and field conditions. Several bacterial isolates also proved to be very effective in improving biochemical parameters of plants. The current study suggested that the application of IAA-producing PGPR as biofertilizer is effective in enhancing plant growth as well as plant yield.
Role of clonal gemopoeisis in development of individual approaches for early diagnostics, treatment and rehabilitation of patients with cardio-vascular diseases
Authors: Demidov O.N. , Shakula A.V. , Gulevatiy G.V. , Sobolev A.V.
Published: August 2020

Recently, due to significant improvement and cheapening of the new generation of full genome sequencing technology, it has become possible to identify acquired mutations in individual cells of the hematopoietic system. This has led to the detection of clones of hematopoietic cells with acquired mutations in certain genes in middle-aged and elderly people and made it possible to characterize a new prepathological state - clonal hemopoiesis. Clonal hemopoiesis is defined as the appearance and clonal expansion of cells of the hemopoietic system with genetic changes that give these cells certain advantages in proliferation and/or resistance to adverse factors in comparison with other hemopoietic cells. This phenomenon is found mainly in individuals after 55 years of age and is practically not found in individuals of young age. At this age, most individuals show signs of cardiovascular pathology of some degree of severity. This review discusses some aspects of the possible impact of clonal hemopoiesis on cardiovascular diseases.
Traffic Flow Pattern in Road Network Using Clustering
Authors: Gudi Ganga , M Dr. Hanumanthappa
Published: August 2020

Wireless communication has become important in location-based services. The enormous amount of data is extracted for useful information to solve the real world problem. Global positioning system, is used to captures the position of an object at specific time period. The scheme is finding the congested route by considering the number of vehicles in a road segment. It consists of two methods, firstly it finds the group of points based on consistency of route points and second it arranges the groups in sequence of values for each route
GENERALIZED FINANCIAL CYCLE THEORY FROM THE MINSKY’S PERSPECTIVE: UK 1270–2016
Authors: Porada-Rochoń Małgorzata , Škare Marinko
Published: August 2020

Our study aims to bridge the gap between contemporary studies on financial cycles and the financial instability hypothesis in the form of a Minsky cycle (Minsky, 1963). Paper contribution range from explored causality links (financial cycles cause business cycles) to the empirical estimation of the Minsky moment. We use Braitung and Candelon (2006) Granger causality test and discrete threshold model (Hansen, 2005) to the link between financial and business cycles in the UK from 1270–2016. Financial and business cycles relation varies over time with contemporary financial cycles being longer to their historical versions. Financial cycles lead business cycles. Business cycles are an economy reaction to them and change in the Minsky moment. Minsky moment has a statistically significant impact on main growth determinants – population, export, technology. Policymakers should look for the Minsky moment when setting up a new economic policy to assure it will be an effective one.
Gaia 18dvy: A New FUor in the Cygnus OB3 Association
Authors: Szegedi-Elek E. , Ábrahám P. , Wyrzykowski Ł. , Kun M. , Kóspál Á. , Chen L. , Marton G. , Moór A. , Kiss C. , Pál A. , Szabados L. , Varga J. , Varga-Verebélyi E. , Andreas C. , Bachelet E. , Bischoff R. , Bódi A. , Breedt E. , Burgaz U. , Butterley T. , Carrasco J. M. , Čepas V. , Damljanovic G. , Gezer I. , Godunova V. , Gromadzki M. , Gurgul A. , Hardy L. , Hildebrandt F. , Hoffmann S. , Hundertmark M. , Ihanec N. , Janulis R. , Kalup Cs. , Kaczmarek Z. , Könyves-Tóth R. , Krezinger M. , Kruszyńska K. , Littlefair S. , Maskoliūnas M. , Mészáros L. , Mikołajczyk P. , Mugrauer M. , Netzel H. , Ordasi A. , Pakštienė E. , Rybicki K. A. , Sárneczky K. , Seli B. , Simon A. , Šiškauskaitė K. , Sódor Á. , Sokolovsky K. V. , Stenglein W. , Street R. , Szakáts R. , Tomasella L. , Tsapras Y. , Vida K. , Zdanavičius J. , Zieliński M. , Zieliński P. , Ziółkowska O.
Published: August 2020

We present optical–infrared photometric and spectroscopic observations of Gaia 18dvy, located in the Cygnus OB3 association at a distance of 1.88 kpc. Gaia 18dvy was noted by the Gaia alerts system when its light curve exhibited a ≳4 mag rise in 2018–2019. The brightening was also observable at mid-infared wavelengths. The infrared colors of Gaia 18dvy became bluer as the outburst progressed. Its optical and near-infrared spectroscopic characteristics in the outburst phase are consistent with those of bona fide FU Orionis-type young eruptive stars. The progenitor of the outburst is probably a low-mass K-type star with an optical extinction of ∼3 mag. A radiative transfer modeling of the circumstellar structure, based on the quiescent spectral energy distribution, indicates a disk with a mass of 4 × 10−3
M
⊙. Our simple accretion disk modeling implies that the accretion rate had been exponentially increasing for more than 3 yr until mid-2019, when it reached a peak value of 6.9 × 10−6
M
⊙ yr−1. In many respects, Gaia 18dvy is similar to the FU Ori-type object HBC 722.
Population Modeling of Fast Radio Bursts from Source Properties
Authors: Bhattacharya Mukul , Kumar Pawan
Published: August 2020

We present a method to estimate the source properties of Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) from observations by assuming a fixed dispersion measure contribution from a Milky Way–like host galaxy, pulse temporal broadening models for turbulent plasma, and a flat FRB energy spectrum. Then we perform Monte Carlo simulations to constrain the properties of the FRB source, its host galaxy, and scattering in the intervening plasma from the observational data of FRBs detected with Parkes. The typical scatter broadening of the intrinsic pulse is found to be considerably small, ≲ 10−2 − 1 ms, from physical models, with the interstellar medium contribution suppressed significantly relative to that of the intergalactic medium. The intrinsic width for nonrepeating FRBs is broadened by a factor of ∼2–3 on average, primarily due to dispersive smearing. From the simulations, we find that the host galaxy dispersion measure contribution is likely to be comparable to the Galactic contribution and the FRB energy decreases significantly at high frequencies with a negative spectral index. The FRB spatial density is found to increase up to redshift ∼2.0 and then drops significantly at larger distances. We obtain the energy distribution for FRB 121102 with repetition rate ∼0.1–0.3 hr−1 and exponential energy cutoff that is significantly smaller compared to typical FRB energies. We find that the probability of observing none of the other FRBs to be repeating at Parkes is ∼0.8–0.9 with the current follow-up data insufficient to suggest more than one class of FRB progenitors.
Digitisation of private collections
Authors: Willemse Luc , Runnel Veljo , Saarenmaa Hannu , Casino Ana , Gödderz Karsten
Published: August 2020

Results are presented of a study investigating solutions and procedures to incorporate private natural history collections into the international collections data infrastructure. Results are based on pilot projects carried out in three European countries aimed at approaches on how to best motivate and equip citizen collectors for digitisation:

1) In Estonia, the approach was to outline tools for registering, digitising and publishing private collection data in the biodiversity data management system PlutoF.

2) In Finland, the functionality of FinBIF, a portal offering a popular Notebook Service for citizens to store observations has been expanded to include collection specimens related to a field gathering event.

3) In the Netherlands private collection owners were approached directly and asked to start digitising their collection using dedicated software, either by themselves or with the help of volunteers who were recruited specifically for this task.

In addition to management tools, pilots also looked at motivation, persons undertaking the work, scope, planning, specific knowledge or skills required and the platform for online publication. Future ownership, legality of specimens residing in private collections and the use of unique identifiers are underexposed aspects effecting digitisation. Besides streamlining the overall process of digitising private collections and dealing with local, national or international challenges, developing a communication strategy is crucial in order to effectively distribute information and keep private collection owners aware of ongoing developments.

Besides collection owners other stakeholders were identified and for each of them a roadmap is outlined aimed at further streamlining the data from private collections into the international infrastructure.

In conclusion recommendations are presented based on challenges encountered during this task that are considered important to really make significant progress towards the overall accessibility of data stored in privately held natural history collections.
Ontologie et « activité finaliste » dans Néo-finalisme de Raymond Ruyer
Authors: Poltier Hugues
Published: August 2020

L’objet de cette étude est de clarifier la notion d’« activité finaliste » dans Néo-finalisme de Ruyer. Après avoir montré que la réactivation de la notion décriée de finalisme trouve sa motivation dans le constat de l’impossibilité de penser le moment subjectif dans l’épistémologie mécaniste, largement héritée de Descartes, l’auteur s’attache à reconstruire le motif néo -finaliste de Ruyer et à en indiquer, outre sa parenté avec la monadologie leibnizienne, sa force intrinsèque, conceptuelle et ontologique. Étonné par sa non-réception en philosophie et histoire des sciences, il conclut en en suggérant des raisons possibles.