bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Bayesian probabilistic model approach in common bean varietal recommendation
Authors: Miranda Isabela R. , Dias Kaio Olimpio G. , Júnior José Domingos P. , Carneiro Pedro Crescêncio S. , Carneiro José Eustáquio S. , Carneiro Vinícius Q. , Souza Elaine A. , Melo Leonardo C. , Pereira Helton S. , Vieira Rogério F. , Martins Fábio A. D.
Published: September 2024

Recommendation of new varieties is supported by value for cultivation and use (Valor de Cultivo e Uso [VCU]) trials. For a more reliable recommendation, it is necessary to identify methodologies that make better use of the genotype‐by‐environment interaction (GEI). The methodology proposed by Dias et al. is an alternative to take advantage of the GEI; it considers concepts of Bayesian models and probability methods of adaptation and stability analysis in a single model, classifying the genotypes regarding possible success based on a defined selection intensity. Thus, the aim of the present study was to explore the use of Bayesian probabilistic method for the purpose of recommend common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties. To that end, we used grain yield data from 15 genotypes of common bean evaluated in 42 environments distributed over different crop seasons, years, and locations in regard to VCU trials conducted from 2016 to 2018. Under a predefined selection intensity of 30%, the genotypes with greater marginal probability of superior performance were G01, G14, G07, G11, and G02. The genotypes with greater marginal probability of superior stability were G06, G07, G04, G03, and G12. Considering the joint probability of superior performance and yield stability, the genotypes G07, G14, G01, G11, and G04 stand out. Therefore, the use of the Bayesian probabilistic method showed promise in recommendation of common bean varieties.
Aqueous Electrochemical Direct Air Capture Using Alizarin Red S
Authors: Wenger Samuel R. , D'Alessandro Deanna M.
Published: September 2024

Direct Air Capture (DAC) is an emerging form of atmospheric carbon dioxide removal. Conventional DAC sorbents utilize swings in temperature and/or pressure, which are energy intensive and hinders large‐scale deployment. In this work, we demonstrate a green, aqueous electrochemical DAC system that employs Alizarin Red S (ARS) as an electroactive capturing agent. The system has an estimated minimum theoretical energy requirement of 24.6 kJe/mole of CO2, demonstrated reversible electrochemical behavior over 100 cycles and 205 hours, and maintained an average coulombic efficiency of 100 % with an average capacity retention of 99.8 %. With a techno‐economic analysis, we highlight the impact of current density and electrode surface area on levelized costs, and we describe a path to lower the cost of DAC below US$500 per tonne of CO2.
Role of field ionization in laser pulse evolution during interaction of long laser pulse with gaseous hydrogen atoms
Authors: Khalilzadeh Elnaz , Chakhmachi Amir , Dehghani Zohreh
Published: September 2024

In this paper, the laser pulse evolution arising from the field ionization during the interaction of a long laser pulse with gaseous hydrogen atoms is investigated using the kinetic 1D‐3 V Particle‐In‐Cell (PIC) Smilei simulation code. After performing various simulations, it is shown that the field ionization of hydrogen atoms has a non‐negligible effect on the evolution of the laser pulse compared to the pre‐ionized plasma case. The results of our simulations show that the amount of these evolutions is strongly dependent on the parameters of the laser and initial ionization assumed. In this regard, two main mechanisms are responsible for the changes in the generated radiations and then the evolution of the laser pulse. When the average degree of ionization is weak, the backscattered Raman radiations can provide the necessary conditions for the chaotic behavior to occur and the laser pulse to evolve. When the laser and plasma pulse parameters (such as the laser pulse amplitude, hydrogen atoms density, and the rise time of pulse) are selected so that a strong space charge field is formed, the wave breaking (which happened faster due to density changes during the field ionization) is the main factor for evolutions in the laser pulse.
Proteomics of left ventricular structure in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Peterson Tess E. , Lima Joao A.C. , Shah Sanjiv J. , Bluemke David A. , Bertoni Alain G. , Liu Yongmei , Ngo Debby , Varadarajan Vinithra , Mychaleckyj Josyf C. , Johnson Craig W. , Psaty Bruce M. , Clish Clary B. , Taylor Kent D. , Durda Peter , Tracy Russell P. , Gerszten Robert E. , Rich Stephen S. , Rotter Jerome I. , Post Wendy S. , Pankow James S.
Published: September 2024

Aims

Proteomic profiling offers an expansive approach to biomarker discovery and mechanistic hypothesis generation for LV remodelling, a critical component of heart failure (HF). We sought to identify plasma proteins cross‐sectionally associated with left ventricular (LV) size and geometry in a diverse population‐based cohort without known cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods and results

Among participants of the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), we quantified plasma abundances of 1305 proteins using an aptamer‐based platform at exam 1 (2000–2002) and exam 5 (2010–2011) and assessed LV structure by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) at the same time points. We used multivariable linear regression with robust variance to assess cross‐sectional associations between plasma protein abundances and LV structural characteristics at exam 1, reproduced findings in later‐life at exam 5, and explored relationships of associated proteins using annotated enrichment analysis. We studied 763 participants (mean age 60 ± 10 years at exam 1; 53% female; 19% Black race; 31% Hispanic ethnicity). Following adjustment for renal function and traditional CVD risk factors, plasma levels of 3 proteins were associated with LV mass index at both time points with the same directionality (FDR < 0.05): leptin (LEP), renin (REN), and cathepsin‐D (CTSD); 20 with LV end‐diastolic volume index: LEP, NT‐proBNP, histone‐lysine N‐methyltransferase (EHMT2), chordin‐like protein 1 (CHRDL1), tumour necrosis factor‐inducible gene 6 protein (TNFAIP6), NT‐3 growth factor receptor (NTRK3), c5a anaphylatoxin (C5), neurogenic locus notch homologue protein 3 (NOTCH3), ephrin‐B2 (EFNB2), osteomodulin (OMD), contactin‐4 (CNTN4), gelsolin (GSN), stromal cell‐derived factor 1 (CXCL12), calcineurin subunit B type 1 (PPP3R1), insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), bone sialoprotein 2 (IBSP), interleukin‐11 (IL‐11), follistatin‐related protein 1 (FSTL1), periostin (POSTN), and biglycan (BGN); and 4 with LV mass‐to‐volume ratio: RGM domain family member B (RGMB), transforming growth factor beta receptor type 3 (TGFBR3), ephrin‐A2 (EFNA2), and cell adhesion molecule 3 (CADM3). Functional annotation implicated regulation of the PI3K‐Akt pathway, bone morphogenic protein signalling, and cGMP‐mediated signalling.

Conclusions

We report proteomic profiling of LV size and geometry, which identified novel associations and reinforced previous findings on biomarker candidates for LV remodelling and HF. If validated, these proteins may help refine risk prediction and identify novel therapeutic targets for HF.
Complement‐targeted therapeutics: Are we there yet, or just getting started?
Authors: Ricklin Daniel
Published: September 2024

Therapeutic interventions in the complement system, a key immune‐inflammatory mediator and contributor to a broad range of clinical conditions, have long been considered important yet challenging or even unfeasible to achieve. Almost 20 years ago, a spark was lit demonstrating the clinical and commercial viability of complement‐targeted therapies. Since then, the field has experienced an impressive expansion of targeted indications and available treatment modalities. Currently, a dozen distinct complement‐specific therapeutics covering several intervention points are available in the clinic, benefiting patients suffering from eight disorders, not counting numerous clinical trials and off‐label uses. Observing this rapid rise of complement‐targeted therapy from obscurity to mainstream with amazement, one might ask whether the peak of this development has now been reached or whether the field will continue marching on to new heights. This review looks at the milestones of complement drug discovery and development achieved so far, surveys the currently approved drug entities and indications, and ventures a glimpse into the future advancements yet to come.
Mutagenicity of the agriculture pesticide chlorothalonil assessed by somatic mutation and recombination test in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Veber Bruno , do Amaral Flores Mariana , Lehmann Mauricio , da Rosa Carlos Eduardo , Hoff Mariana Leivas Müller
Published: September 2024

Chlorothalonil (CTL) is a pesticide widely used in Brazil, yet its mutagenic potential is not fully determined. Thus, we assessed the mutagenicity of CTL and its bioactivation metabolites using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster, by exposing individuals, with basal and high bioactivation capacities (standard and high bioactivation cross offspring, respectively), from third instar larval to early adult fly stages, to CTL‐contaminated substrate (0.25, 1, 10 or 20 μM). This substrate served as food and as physical medium. Increased frequency of large single spots in standard cross flies' wings exposed to 0.25 μM indicates that, if CTL is genotoxic, it may affect Drosophila at early life stages. Since the total spot frequency did not change, CTL cannot be considered mutagenic in SMART. The same long‐term exposure design was performed to test whether CTL induces oxidative imbalance in flies with basal (wild‐type, WT) or high bioactivation (ORR strain) levels. CTL did not alter reactive oxygen species and antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals levels in adult flies. However, lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were increased in WT male flies exposed to 1 μM CTL. SMART and LPO alterations were observed only in flies with basal bioactivation levels, pointing to direct CTL toxicity to DNA and lipids. Survival, emergence and locomotor behavior were not affected, indicating no bias due to lethality, developmental and behavioral impairment. We suggest that, if related to CTL exposure, DNA and lipid damages may be residual damage of earlier life stages of D. melanogaster.
Thermal studies of a MEMS‐based pressure sensor for aerospace applications
Authors: Krishna B. Gopi , Murthy Katabathuni Ramana , Khan Khamar Zaman , Madav Vasudeva , Ashok Babu T. P.
Published: September 2024

The main objective of this study is to enhance heat transfer for the reduction of temperature in MEMS‐based piezoresistive high‐temperature pressure sensors. The main parameter that affects the sensor performance especially for Aerospace applications is higher operating temperature because there are many electronic components and devices that may fail due to higher temperatures. Prevention of overheating of the electronic components in the sensor is a challenge; hence, the study of heat transfer from hydraulic fluid is of utmost importance. Different types of fin surfaces to enhance the heat transfer rate are studied using ANSYS CFD (computational fluid dynamics). CFD simulations and experiments are carried out to design novel high operating temperature pressure sensors for aerospace applications. This in turn improves performance due to internal thermo‐piezoresistive amplification. In this paper, high‐temperature pressure sensors are designed by CFD analyses and experimentally analyzed for a better understanding of the distribution of temperature in the pressure sensor and thermal variation in the sensor and observe the changes during analysis. Extended fin surface concepts are introduced for better heat transfer and to reduce the fluid temperature inside the sensor that is transferred to the electronic components. ANSYS CFD analysis is carried out to determine the temperature distribution and two models are identified for experimental validation.
Vulnerability mining method of SOAP based on black‐box fuzzing
Authors: Ding Senyang , Xu Xianghua
Published: September 2024

In the span of over two decades since the dawn of the twenty‐first century, global Internet of Things security incidents have continued to break out. Currently, there remains no vulnerability mining method that can be seamlessly adapted to diverse test scenarios. In this paper, we proposed a simple object access protocol (SOAP) analysis and vulnerability detection method based on black‐box fuzzing, which is used to extract more information from the limited SOAP traffic and explore the vulnerabilities of some Internet of Things devices that communicate through SOAP or advanced protocols based on SOAP. We transformed SOAP protocol packets into abstract syntax trees (AST), using a more granular approach to extract the production and guide the mutation. Based on this algorithm, we propose an automatic black‐box fuzzer, termed SOAPFuzzer. When testing real camera devices from various manufacturers, 0‐day vulnerabilities were successfully found on different devices. At present, 0‐day vulnerabilities have been reported to the China National Vulnerability Database (CNVD), and vulnerability number CNVD‐2023‐43 801 and original vulnerability certificates have been obtained. In terms of packet reception rate, SOAPFuzzer is 10.7% and 12.4% higher than the current popular black‐box Fuzzer Boofuzz on the two camera devices, respectively.
Effect of Food on the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Budesonide Oral Suspension in Healthy Adult Participants: A Randomized Phase 1 Study
Authors: Prokopienko Alexander J. , Wang Junyao , Yajnik Vijay , Baratta Mike , Desai Nirav K. , Richmond Camilla A. , Suri Ajit
Published: September 2024

Budesonide oral suspension (BOS) is a swallowed corticosteroid indicated for 12‐week therapy in eosinophilic esophagitis with minimal systemic exposure following administration. We aimed to assess the relative bioavailability of a single dose of BOS administered under fasting and fed (high‐fat/high‐calorie meal) conditions. Healthy adult volunteers (N = 20) were enrolled in an open‐label, single‐center, crossover study and were randomized (1:1) to receive a single oral dose of BOS 2.0 mg under fasting or fed conditions, with a 48‐h washout period before crossover to the alternative conditions. Serial plasma samples were collected before and up to 24 h after dosing. Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were calculated from plasma budesonide concentration–time profiles by noncompartmental analysis. The mean peak budesonide concentration (Cmax) was ∼13% lower under fed than under fasting conditions (604.1 vs 692.9 pg/mL). Areas under the concentration–time curves from dosing to the last measurable budesonide concentration and from dosing to infinity were ∼26% higher and ∼27% higher under fed than fasting conditions (3529 vs 2811 pg h/mL and 3892 vs 3075 pg h/mL, respectively). The median time to peak plasma budesonide concentration was significantly longer (∼1 h) under fed than fasting conditions (2.516 vs 1.286 h, P < .001). Safety and tolerability were also assessed throughout the study; all adverse events were mild or moderate in severity. Despite slight differences in budesonide PK parameters between fed and fasting conditions, the effect of food on systemic exposure to budesonide (BOS formulation) is not expected to be clinically meaningful.
Amination of n‐hexanol to n‐hexylamine over RuNi bimetallic catalyst
Authors: Gao Boyun , Huang Huijiang , Rehman Mooeez Ur , Ren Bin , Liu Yuruo , Fan Weipeng , Li Pengfei , Zhang Lizhi , Xu Yan , Zhao Yujun
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

The synthesis of fatty amines via fatty alcohol amination offers a promising avenue for environmentally friendly production, particularly when compared with the methods employing hydrocyanic acid which often involve significant emissions.

RESULT

This study explores the synthesis of n‐hexylamine through one‐step amination of n‐hexanol utilizing a series of Ru‐doped Ni catalysts supported over γ‐Al2O3, achieving 61% n‐hexanol yield, 35% dihylamine yield and 3.5% trihylamine yield at the n‐hexanol conversion of 99%.

CONCLUSION

The characterization results of the catalysts revealed a significant interaction between ruthenium and nickel in the bimetallic catalysts, leading to the enhanced reducibility of Ni species and improved metal dispersion. Moreover, ruthenium species were found to play an important role in the dissociation of NH3 into NHx (x = 1, 2), thereby significantly improving the dehydrogenation process of n‐hexanol at Ni sites. The synergistic effect between the two kinds of metal sites emerges as crucial factor for the boosted alcohols amination process. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Multilayer adsorption of reactive orange 16 dye onto Fe2O3/ZnO hybrid nanoadsorbent: mechanistic insights from kinetics, isotherms and dynamic light scattering studies
Authors: Hussain Nasira , Asif Muhammad , Shafaat Shanza , Khan Muhammad Saqib , Riaz Nadia , Iqbal Mazhar , Javed Abdullah , Butt Tayyab Ashfaq , Shaikh Ahson Jabbar , Bilal Muhammad
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Fe2O3/ZnO hybrid nanoadsorbent was synthesized by the coprecipitation method and characterized. The hydrodynamic size and stability of the nanoadsorbent were investigated in batch adsorption of toxic Reactive orange (RO)16 dye at increasing concentrations. The mechanism of monolayer and multilayer dye adsorption was elucidated for the first time together through dynamic light scattering (DLS), isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. A tomato seed germination assay was performed to confirm the material and treated water toxicity.

RESULTS

The ferromagnetic nanoadsorbent exhibited 85% RO16 dye removal. Nonlinear fitting of isotherm and kinetic models suggest the chemisorption (monolayer) and physisorption (multilayer) of dye over the heterogeneous surface of the nanoadsorbent, respectively, at lower and higher concentration of dye. In line with these mechanistic insights, DLS studies demonstrate that monolayer adsorption increased hydrodynamic size up to 100 mg L−1 by face‐off binding of dye molecules, whereas multilayer adsorption was in the 100–500 mg L−1 concentration range; besides increase in adsorption capacity, did not magnify hydrodynamic size owing to face‐on binding with multiple dye molecule stacking. Zeta potential data confirmed greater stability of the nanoadsorbent at solution pH with large hydrodynamic size. Thermodynamic studies suggested that endothermic and spontaneous adsorption process primarily controlled physical adsorption at higher dye concentrations. A toxicity assay proved that the nanoadsorbent and treated water are environmentally safe.

CONCLUSION

DLS, isotherm and kinetic studies elucidated the complex adsorption mechanism over a heterogenous surface of a hybrid nanoadsorbent. It was found that monolayer chemisorptive face‐off binding of RO16 molecules increased hydrodynamic size whereas multilayer physisorptive face‐on binding did not affect hydrodynamic size; rather, it remained stable with increasing RO16 concentration. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Certainty in uncertainty: Determining the rate and reasons for reclassification of variants of uncertain significance in haematological malignancies
Authors: Enjeti Anoop K. , Walker Natasha , Fahey Oliver , Johnston Elizabeth , Legge‐Wilkinson Hannah , Ramsurrun Nateika , Sillar Jonathan , Lincz Lisa F. , Ziolkowski Andrew , Mossman David
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Variants of uncertain significance (VUS) are commonly reported in cancer with the widespread adoption of diagnostic massive parallel sequencing. The rate of reclassification of VUS in patients with haematological malignancy is not known and we evaluated this retrospectively. We also investigated whether re‐evaluating VUS in 12–24 months or greater than 24 months post‐initial classification was significant.

Method

A retrospective audit of patients with haematological malignancies referred to the Molecular Medicine Department at the John Hunter Hospital in Newcastle, Australia between September 2018 and December 2021. Data was analysed for VUS, which was then re‐analysed in standard software using current somatic variant guidelines. Proportions of VUS at baseline were compared to post‐re‐analysis.

Results

The most common diagnoses in the patient cohort (n = 944) were acute myelogenous leukaemia (41%), myelodysplastic syndrome (31%), and chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (7%). A total of 210 VUS were re‐analysed. The most common VUS were in the TET2 (20%), RUNX1 (10%) and DNMT3A (9%) genes. A total of 103 were re‐analysed at 24–39 months post‐initial classification and 107 variants were re‐analysed between 12 and 24 months post‐initial classification. Of these, 33 (16%) of VUS were re‐classified at 24–39 months and 12 (11%) were re‐classified at 12–24 months post‐initial classification. The most common variants that were re‐classified in both groups were CSF3R (32%), TET2 (29%), ASXL1 (11%) and ZRSR2 (11%).

Conclusion

This study on reclassification of VUS in blood cancers demonstrated that one in seven VUS were re‐classified 12 months post initial classification. This can inform practice guidelines and potentially impact the prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of haematological malignancies.
Improved Discrimination of Mass Spectral Isomers Using the High‐Dimensional Consensus Mass Spectral Similarity Algorithm
Authors: McGlynn Deborah F. , Rabe Andriamaharavo Nirina , Kearsley Anthony J.
Published: September 2024

This study employs a high‐dimensional consensus mass spectral (HDCMS) similarity scoring technique to discriminate isomers collected using an electron ionization mass spectrometer. The HDCMS method was previously introduced and applied to the discrimination of mass spectra of constitutional isomers, methamphetamine and phentermine, collected with direct analysis real‐time mass spectrometry (DART‐MS). The method formulates the problem of discriminating mass spectra in a mathematical Hilbert space and is hence called “high dimensional.” It requires replicate mass spectra to build a Gaussian model and evaluate the inner products between these functions. The resulting measurement variability is used as a signature by which to discriminate spectra. In this work, HDCMS is tested on electron impact ionization (EI) mass spectra of 7 terpene and terpene‐related (C10H16 and C10H14) isomers with experimental retention indices that differ by less than 30 and with traditional cosine similarity scores greater than 0.9, on a scale of 0 to 1, when compared with at least one other compound in the test set. Using identical instrument parameters, 15 replicate gas chromatography–electron ionization–mass spectrometry (GC‐EI‐MS) spectra of each isomer were collected and separated into distinct library and query sets. The HDCMS algorithm discriminated each isomer, indicating the method's potential. Because the method requires replicate measurements, observations from a simple heuristic study of the number of replicates required to discriminate these isomers is presented. The paper concludes with a discussion of compound discrimination using HDCMS and the benefits and drawbacks of applying the method to EI‐MS data.
Sonographic Differentiation From Pseudoureterocele of Ectopic Ureter and Ureterocele in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Hosokawa Takahiro , Ohashi Kensuke , Yoshizawa Shinsuke , Hirayama Megumi , Sato Yumiko , Tanami Yutaka , Oguma Eiji
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Ectopic ureter and ureterocele need an adequate treatment plan and different surgical interventions. However, some cases appear as intravesical cystic lesions on ultrasound, with ectopic ureter sometimes reported as pseudoureterocele. This study aimed to describe the sonographic imaging findings of intravesical cystic lesions to differentiate between pseudoureterocele and ureterocele.

Methods

Nineteen patients with duplex collecting system and intravesical cystic lesions that were classified into pseudoureterocele and ureterocele based on the surgical findings were included. The ultrasound findings compared between the 2 groups were as follows: intravesical lesion with/without a covered muscular layer, presence/absence of notch sign within the lesion, and dynamic change in the appearance of intravesical cystic lesions using Fisher's exact test.

Results

The lesions in 3 patients were classified as pseudoureterocele due to ectopic ureter and the remaining 16 as ureterocele. Significant differences were observed in intravesical lesions with/without a muscular layer (pseudoureterocele versus ureterocele = 3/0 versus 3/13, P = .021) and the presence or absence of a notch sign within the vesical cystic lesion (pseudoureterocele versus ureterocele = 3/0 versus 3/13, P = .021) between the groups. Although there was a tendency for the dynamic change in the appearance of intravesical cystic lesions to be more detectable in cases with ureterocele than in pseudoureterocele, the difference was not significant (0/3 versus 11/5, P = .058).

Conclusions

Sonographic findings, including bladder muscular layer location and the presence of a notch sign within the cystic lesion, were useful in differentiating pseudoureterocele and ureterocele in intravesical cystic lesions in pediatric patients with a duplex collecting system.
Factors Associated With Improvement Following In‐office Steroid Injections for Vocal Fold Scar
Authors: Tesema Naomi , Lackey Taylor G. , O'Connor Mackenzie , Kwak Paul E. , Johnson Aaron M. , Amin Milan R.
Published: September 2024

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients receiving in‐office vocal fold steroid injections (VFSI), highlighting relatively new measures around vocal pitch.

Methods

Patients with a diagnosis of vocal fold scar who received in‐office VFSI from 2013 to 2024 were evaluated. Pre‐ and post‐steroid Voice Handicap Index (VHI‐10) scores, stroboscopic vibratory parameters, acoustic measures of cepstral peak prominence (CPP), and fundamental frequency coefficient of variation (F0CoV) during sustained phonation were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests and McNemar's tests.

Results

Twenty‐two patients had follow‐up data 1–3 months after steroid injection. The median decrease in VHI‐10 after one injection was 4 points (p = 0.02). We found no difference in CPP and F0CoV measures at follow‐up. Forty‐five percent of patients improved in mucosal wave and amplitude of at least one vocal fold. Earlier presentation from vocal injury was associated with improvement in mucosal wave and amplitude of the left vocal fold (p = 0.03). We found no difference in sex, tobacco smoking history, singing status, secondary diagnosis, and baseline VHI‐10 score between patients who improved in vibratory parameters and those who did not.

Conclusion

This single‐center study is one of the largest exploring patient outcomes following in‐office VFSI. Though patients reported modest improvement in voice use after VFSI, this may not be as impactful as previously believed. Improvement in videostroboscopy is expected in about half of the patients, with recency from vocal injury a likely predictor of success. These partially negative results provide insight into counseling patients regarding benefits from in‐office VFSI.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 2024
Multiple climatic drivers increase pace and consequences of ecosystem change in the Arctic Coastal Ocean
Authors: Sejr Mikael K. , Poste Amanda E. , Renaud Paul E.
Published: September 2024

The impacts of climate change on Arctic marine systems are noticeable within the scientific “lifetime” of most researchers and the iconic image of a polar bear struggling to stay on top of a melting ice floe captures many of the dominant themes of Arctic marine ecosystem change. But has our focus on open‐ocean systems and parameters that are more easily modeled and sensed remotely neglected an element that is responding more dramatically and with broader implications for Arctic ecosystems? We argue that a complementary set of changes to the open ocean is occurring along Arctic coasts, amplified by the interaction with changes on land and in the sea. We observe an increased number of ecosystem drivers with larger implications for the ecological and human communities they touch than are quantifiable in the open Arctic Ocean. Substantial knowledge gaps exist that must be filled to support adaptation and sustainability of socioecological systems along Arctic coasts.
Luminescent Hybrid Material Based on the Europium(III)–β‐Diketone Complex Doped with Smectite
Authors: Cao Rong , Nishiyama Ryota , Nakamura Kazuki , Kobayashi Norihisa
Published: September 2024

Lanthanide‐containing organic–inorganic hybrid materials exhibit considerable potential for applications in optical devices. In this study, efficient luminescent hybrid materials are prepared by employing a straightforward doping method to mix the Eu(tta)3phen complex (tta = 2‐thenoyltrifluoroacetone, phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline) with a synthetic clay compound of hectorite (smectite). The comprehensive photophysical properties of dispersion solution containing the Eu(tta)3phen/smectite hybrid material are systematically investigated via ultraviolet‐visible absorption spectroscopy, luminescence spectra, luminescence lifetimes, and Judd–Ofelt analysis. The emission properties of the Eu(tta)3phen are enhanced by its interaction with smectite. Furthermore, the interaction suppressed the molecular vibration of Eu(tta)3phen, resulting in elevated luminescence intensity and quantum efficiency. Moreover, a highly luminescent and transparent polymeric film is prepared by incorporating Eu(tta)3phen/smectite hybrid material into a polymer (PMMA) matrix. With the addition of the smectite compound, the transparency and surface smoothness of the polymeric film are improved. Consistent with the solution state, smectite enhanced the luminescence intensity of Eu(tta)3phen in the film state. This strategy presents a novel opportunity for high‐luminescence imaging devices.
Evaluating Cryo‐TEM Reconstruction Accuracy of Self‐Assembled Polymer Nanostructures
Authors: Luo Xubo , Seidler Morgan , Lee Yen Jea , Yu Tianyi , Zuckermann Ronald N. , Balsara Nitash P. , Abel Brooks A. , Prendergast David , Jiang Xi
Published: September 2024

Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo‐TEM) combined with single particle analysis (SPA) is an emerging imaging approach for soft materials. However, the accuracy of SPA‐reconstructed nanostructures, particularly those formed by synthetic polymers, remains uncertain due to potential packing heterogeneity of the nanostructures. In this study, the combination of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and image simulations is utilized to validate the accuracy of cryo‐TEM 3D reconstructions of self‐assembled polypeptoid fibril nanostructures. Using CryoSPARC software, image simulations, 2D classifications, ab initio reconstructions, and homogenous refinements are performed. By comparing the results with atomic models, the recovery of molecular details is assessed, heterogeneous structures are identified, and the influence of extraction location on the reconstructions is evaluated. These findings confirm the fidelity of single particle analysis in accurately resolving complex structural characteristics and heterogeneous structures, exhibiting its potential as a valuable tool for detailed structural analysis of synthetic polymers and soft materials.
Retrospective review of growth in pediatric intestinal failure after weaning from parenteral nutrition
Authors: Nucci Anita M. , Bashaw Hillary , Kirpich Alexander , Rudolph Jeffrey
Published: September 2024

Background

Growth outcomes in children with intestinal failure (IF) after weaning from parenteral nutrition (PN) may be modified by primary diagnosis and interventions aimed at achieving enteral tolerance. We evaluated growth after weaning by diagnosis and intestinal transplant status and during treatment with the glucagon‐like peptide‐2 analog teduglutide.

Methods

A two‐center retrospective review was conducted on children diagnosed with IF at age <12 months. The z scores for weight and length/height were examined up to 5 years after PN weaning and in children who received teduglutide for >6 months. Data were reported as median and interquartile range (IQR).

Results

A total of 362 children (58% male and 72% White) were reviewed; 41% (n = 150) weaned from PN at age 1.5 years (IQR = 0.96–3). Weight and length/height data were available for 144 children; 46 received an intestinal transplant. Median weight and length/height z scores at weaning were −1.15 (IQR = −2.09 to −0.39) and −1.89 (IQR = −2.9 to −1.02), respectively. In those not transplanted, z scores remained stable (± 0.5 change). Children with small bowel atresia experienced accelerated linear growth (> +0.5 change) beginning in year 3. Most children transplanted experienced growth acceleration beginning in year 2. Fourteen children received teduglutide (median = 840 [IQR = 425–1530] days), and growth remained stable throughout treatment. Five were weaned from PN within 1 year.

Conclusion

We observed stable growth with limited catch‐up after PN weaning, with minimal variation by diagnosis, and during teduglutide therapy. Children who received an intestinal transplant experienced acceleration in weight and linear growth after weaning.
A mixture theory formulation for active suspensions
Authors: Ben Gozlen Houssem , Wang Yongqi , Oberlack Martin
Published: September 2024

We model an active suspension using the mixture theory. The suspension consists of a linear viscous liquid infused with multiple identical self‐propelled active particles. The primary focus of this study is to propose a continuum mechanical model for the partial stress tensor of the particle phase and the interaction forces between the fluid and particle phases. We examine a 1D shear flow that is driven by the active force of the particles and an external pressure gradient. Throughout this study, several physically interesting quantities are discussed, such as the volume fraction of the particle phase and the partial velocities of both phases. The numerical results show that, depending on the magnitude and direction of the active force and the pressure gradient, the particles can concentrate either in the center of the channel or along the wall.
Unveiling thermo‐fluid dynamic phenomena in laser beam welding
Authors: Forster Carola , Rothfelder Richard , Krakhmalev Pavel , Spurk Christoph , Hummel Marc , Olowinsky Alexander , Beckmann Felix , Moosmann Julian , Schmidt Michael
Published: September 2024

Laser beam welding (LBW), as a non‐contact process with short cycle times and small heat affected zone, is a key technology for automated metal fabrication. Despite its efficiency, the susceptibility of certain alloys to solidification cracks remains a significant challenge. These cracks emerge in the transition zone between liquid and solid phases during the solidification process. Thermo‐fluid dynamic processes within the melt pool play a crucial role in solidification crack formation during LBW, influencing heat distribution, mass transport, and consequently, the microstructure and mechanical properties of the weld. An in‐depth exploration of thermo‐fluid dynamics within the melt pool, contributes to an improved understanding of the correlations between process parameters and melt pool flow aiming to avoid solidification cracks. Therefore, in situ process investigations were conducted at beamline P07 of PETRA III at the German Electron and Synchrotron (DESY). 1.4404 stainless steel specimen containing an 5 wt.% of tungsten particles, serving as tracer, were additively manufactured using laser powder bed fusion. The tungsten particles are evenly distributed within the samples. High‐speed synchrotron x‐ray imaging of the process zone allowed for detailed in situ analyses. Leveraging the lower x‐ray absorption coefficients of the base steel material compared to tungsten, the particles appeared as dark dots in the images. The experimental setup involved blind welds on the samples, where a portion of the sample was melted by the laser beam, forming a molten pool in the center while the edges remained intact. The uniform distribution of the particles in the sample means that the movement of the particles in the molten pool is overlaid by static particles located in the unmelted edges of the sample. To enhance the observation and tracking of particle movement within the melt pool, the image contrast was optimized, and static particles were filtered out. The resulting images offer a visual representation of thermo‐fluid dynamical flows during LBW, based on the movement of tracer particles. Analysis was performed using an on Hessian blob detection and Kalman filter based tracking tool [1]. The results of this investigation provide valuable insights into the intricacies of thermo‐fluid dynamics during LBW, offering a foundation for the advancement of numerical modeling and simulation tools in the field of LBW.
Effect of fiber surface treatment with silane coupling agents and carbon nanotubes on mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6 composites
Authors: Du Haoqiang , Xian Guijun , Tian Jingwei , Ma Zirong , Li Chenggao , Xin Meiyin , Zhang Yunfeng
Published: September 2024

The mechanical properties of carbon fiber (CF) reinforced thermoplastic polymer composites are primarily governed by the interphase between CFs and matrix. However, the inherent inertness of CF surfaces combined with the high viscosity and processing temperatures of thermoplastic resin often result in relatively weak interfacial bonding. This study aims to enhance the interfacial adhesion of carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6 composites to improve their mechanical properties. CFs were de‐sized and oxidized, followed by re‐sizing with silanized carbon nanotubes. Fracture morphology and composition analysis of the fibers were conducted, and the fibers were subsequently incorporated into composites for mechanical testing. Results revealed a 20.0% increase in tensile strength, a 25.11% increase in flexural strength, and a 24.88% increase in interlaminar shear strength for the resized‐carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6 composites compared to the pristine‐carbon fiber reinforced polyamide composites. The cross‐sectional morphology of the modified composites exhibited a zig‐zag fracture pattern. Dynamic mechanical analysis indicated that the modified fibers required higher activation energy for the free movement of the polyamide 6 molecular chain. These findings suggest that surface treatment enhances the interfacial adhesive between CF and resin, thereby significantly improving the mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6 composites.

Highlights

An efficient and reliable carbon fiber surface treatment method is proposed.

Surface modification improves surface chemical activity of carbon fibers.

Composites show substantial improvements in mechanical properties.

Interfacial performance enhancement mechanism of composite was revealed.
Development and validation of a DLLME‐HPLC‐FLD method for determination of aflatoxins in Chrysanthemum morifolium based on quality by design principles
Authors: Wu Linlin , Chen Meixu , Huo Xinyi , Xu Qilin , Yin Xianggang , Zhao Xiao Han , Zhou Yifeng , Huang Jun
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Aflatoxins, potent carcinogens produced by Aspergillus species, present significant health risks and commonly contaminate herbal products such as Chrysanthemum morifolium. Detecting these toxins in C. morifolium proves challenging due to the complex nature of the herbal matrix and the fluctuating levels of toxins found in different samples.

Objectives

This study aimed to develop and optimize a novel method for the detection of aflatoxins in C. morifolium using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography‐fluorescence detection based on quality by design principles.

Methodology

The method involved determining critical method attributes and parameters through the Plackett–Burman design, followed by optimization using the Box–Behnken design. Monte Carlo simulation was employed to establish a design space, which was experimentally verified. Method validation was performed to confirm accuracy, precision, and stability.

Results

The developed method exhibited excellent linearity (R2 > 0.9991) for aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 across a range of concentrations, with recovery rates between 85.52% and 102.01%. The validated method effectively quantified aflatoxins in C. morifolium under different storage conditions, highlighting the impact of temperature and storage time on aflatoxin production.

Conclusion

This study successfully established a reliable and effective method for the detection of aflatoxins in C. morifolium, highlighting the importance of strict storage conditions to reduce aflatoxin contamination. Using a quality by design framework, the method demonstrated robustness and high analytical performance, making it suitable for routine quality control of herbal products.
In Silico Screening, Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Binding Free Energy Identify Single‐Point Mutations That Destabilize p53 and Reduce Binding to DNA
Authors: Islam Shahidul M. , Hasan Md. Mehedi , Alam Jahidul , Dey Anonya , Molineaux Dylan
Published: September 2024

Considering p53's pivotal role as a tumor suppressor protein, proactive identification and characterization of potentially harmful p53 mutations are crucial before they appear in the population. To address this, four computational prediction tools—SIFT, Polyphen‐2, PhD‐SNP, and MutPred2—utilizing sequence‐based and machine‐learning algorithms, were employed to identify potentially deleterious p53 nsSNPs (nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms) that may impact p53 structure, dynamics, and binding with DNA. These computational methods identified three variants, namely, C141Y, C238S, and L265P, as detrimental to p53 stability. Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed that all three variants exhibited heightened structural flexibility compared to the native protein, especially the C141Y and L265P mutations. Consequently, due to the altered structure of mutant p53, the DNA‐binding affinity of all three variants decreased by approximately 1.8 to 9.7 times compared to wild‐type p53 binding with DNA (14 μM). Notably, the L265P mutation exhibited an approximately ten‐fold greater reduction in binding affinity. Consequently, the presence of the L265P mutation in p53 could pose a substantial risk to humans. Given that p53 regulates abnormal tumor growth, this research carries significant implications for surveillance efforts and the development of anticancer therapies.
Intercropping with Robinia pseudoacacia reduces soft rot incidence in konjac by modulating the root bacterial community
Authors: Meng Panpan , Xin Kexu , Lu Zhoumin , Chen Juan , Tang Xiaan , Meng Guihua , He Fei , Liu Lieping , Wang Haihua , Wang Chunyan
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Soft rot (Pectobacterium aroidearum and Dickeya) is a devastating soil‐borne bacterial disease that threatens konjac production. Intercropping with false acacia has been shown to significantly reduce soft rot incidence in konjac by shifting the microbial community. However, how intercropping shapes the root bacterial community and affects soft rot incidence remains unclear. To address this, we investigated three konjac intercropping systems (false acacia, paulownia, and maize) to explore the relationships among intercropping, soft rot incidence, root bacterial community, soil enzyme activity, and soil properties.

RESULTS

Konjac intercropped with false acacia exhibited the lowest soft rot incidence and the lowest abundance of pathogenic taxa. Soft rot incidence was negatively correlated with total soil nitrogen and potassium but positively correlated with total and available soil phosphorus. The bacterial community structure and function in konjac roots differed among intercropping types, mainly driven by available soil phosphorus. Beneficial microorganisms such as Bradyrhizobium and Variovorax were enriched under a false acacia intercropping system and were negatively correlated with soil‐available phosphorus. Additionally, the stable bacterial community in healthy konjac roots under false acacia may make konjac less susceptible to pathogen invasion.

CONCLUSION

The study showed that intercropping reduced the soft rot incidence by regulating the structure and stability of the konjac root bacterial community, and soil‐available phosphorus was the main factor affecting the difference in the konjac root bacterial community, which provided a basis for the management of soil fertilization in konjac cultivation. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Utilizing ESI‐MS/MS and ion mobility spectrometry for structural characterization and isomer differentiation of 1, 2‐unsaturated (1‐4) linked disaccharide derivatives and their 2‐C‐functionalized analogues
Authors: Starke Ines , Fürstenberg Sylvia , Thomas Steffen
Published: September 2024

Rationale

The 1, 2‐unsaturated derivatives of (1‐4) linked disaccharides serve as versatile building blocks for synthesizing biologically active compounds. Distinguishing between four pairs of stereoisomers in mixtures presents a challenging task. In this study, disaccharide derivatives are analyzed as alkali metal adducts using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS), both as individual compounds and in mixtures by ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMS).

Methods

Electrospray ionization (ESI) in combination with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in positive mode was employed to differentiate lithium adduct ions of hexa‐acetyl/hexa‐benzyl‐D‐lactals, and hexa‐acetyl/hexa‐benzyl‐D‐maltals, along with their corresponding 2‐C‐branched malonates. The high resolving power of trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) with the imeX™ functionality rapidly identified different metal adducts (Li, Na, Cs) as individual isomers and separated mixtures of stereoisomers. The measured collisional cross section (CCS) values were analyzed in relation to predicted CCS values.

Results

MS/MS spectra of the [M + Li]+ ions of glycal disaccharide analogues exhibited typical cross‐ring and glycosidic bond cleavages. Collision‐induced dissociation (CID) spectra provided insights into their fragmentation behavior, allowing differentiation of (1‐4) linked disaccharides. TIMS technology delivered adjustable ion mobility resolution for suitable separation of the four sets of stereo isomeric compounds. However, accurately predicting CCS values to differentiate between respective isomeric pairs using the SigmaCCS program for sodium adducts is only partially achievable.

Conclusions

ESI CID spectra of [M + Li]+ adduct ions for individual glycal disaccharide analogues facilitate the discrimination between alpha and beta (1‐4) linked unsaturated disaccharides and their 2‐C‐branched analogues. Through optimized experimental conditions, complete baseline ion mobility separation of stereoisomer pairs of the Cs adducts is achieved.
A new insight on the event‐triggered state feedback control for Markov jump systems
Authors: Zhao Yuanhao , Rong Nannan , Ding Sanbo , Li Hongchao
Published: September 2024

The event‐triggered control of Markov jump systems has attracted more and more interest in field control. However, the problem of how to design a transition probability‐dependent event‐triggered mechanism and controller has not been fully considered. This paper investigates the problem of event‐triggered control for Lipschitz nonlinear Markov jump systems. Through Taylor series expansion, a linear auxiliary system is constructed to obtain the approximate state, whose system matrices are described by the probability‐weighted matrices of nonlinear Markov jump systems. By redefining the measurement error as the difference between the current state and the approximate state, a probability‐dependent event‐triggered mechanism is designed for Markov jump systems. The effectiveness of the developed approach is illustrated by two comparison examples.