bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Free air gravity anomalies over the oceans from Seasat and GEOS 3 altimeter data
Authors: Balmino G. , Moynot B. , Sarrailh M. , Valès N.
Published: October 2011

Satellite altimetry measurements have been used extensively in the last few years to compute local or global grids of values of geoid heights with respect to a given reference ellipsoid [see Balmino et al., 1979; Marsh and Martin, 1982; Marsh et al., 1982; Marsh et al., 1984[. Such grids have different spacings in latitude and longitude, with the typical step size of 0.5°×0.5°. The grids have been used for a variety of applications [Lazarewicz and Schwank, 1982], especially for correlating the high‐ and medium‐frequency part of the gravity field with bathymetry [e.g., Cazenave et al., 1983[. Equal‐angular 1°×1° mean free air gravity anomalies have also been derived, generally by collocation [Rapp, 1979, 1983a,b], and used in global geopotential models in spherical harmonics [Reigber et al., 1985].
1986 Maurice Ewing Medal to John Imbrie
Authors: Broecker Wallace S. , Imbrie John
Published: October 2011

There is little doubt with regard to what Maurice [“Doc”] Ewing's reaction would be to the selection of John Imbrie as medalist. He would be pleased as Punch. During his first years at Lamont, Doc developed a piston coring device which could be used routinely by his private navy. He then proceeded to perforate the ocean floor on a global scale at the rate of two cores a day for nearly 2 decades. John Imbrie, working with the CLIMAP group, used Ewing's marvelous sediment collection to reconstruct sea surface temperatures during the peak of the last glaciation.
Norman Stuart heaps 1928”1986
Authors: Cartwright David E.
Published: October 2011

Dr. Norman Heaps died on June 26, 1986, in a hospital near his native town of Prescot, U.K., a suburb of Liverpool, after a long illness punctuated by bouts of painful medical treatment for lung cancer. He was the pioneer in Britain of the numerical modeling of tides and storm surges in shelf seas.

He graduated at the University of Liverpool in 1949 with honors in mathematics with subsidiary physics and oceanography. Many years later the same university awarded him a doctorate on the basis of his published work. Norman's first 10 postgraduate years were spent as mathematician in the aircraft industry, but he never felt at home in the industrial world and sought a more academic career. While lecturing at the Royal College of Advanced Technology at Salford, Manchester (now the University of Salford), he struck a lasting friendship with Clifford Mortimer, FRS, then director of the Freshwater Biological Association laboratory at Lake Windermere, who first interested Heaps in the problem of computing the natural seiche oscillations of that lake. The use of electronic computers was still in its infancy, but Heaps saw that the equations of internal oscillations in such a lake could be solved numerically by methods that he had developed in the theory of wing structures. Heaps worked up a Master's thesis on this problem during his summer vacations, and he later worked with Mortimer at the University of Wisconsin on a more advanced scheme involving the coupled oscillations of Green Bay and Lake Michigan.
A survey of contaminant hydrogeology in Canada
Authors: Jackson R. E.
Published: October 2011

While Canadian hydrogeologists in the 1960s made their mark by investigating the large groundwater flow systems of the Prairie Provinces, the present generation will probably be remembered for their detailed studies of test sites whose dimensions are measured in meters rather than kilometers. If there is any one phenomenon that is singular about Canadian hydrogeology in the mid‐1980s, it is the number of well‐defined small‐scale research experiments devoted to the study of hydrogeological phenomena, in particular the migration and fate of contaminants. This article is an attempt to summarize that activity and its origins.
[Comments on “A response from the establishment” by Thomas J. Birmingham and “More on AGU Authorship Policy” by C.T. Russell] Tu Quoque?
Authors: Okal Emile A.
Published: October 2011

when I received the November 11, 1986 Eos, I went straight to the ongoing Forum regarding multiple authorship of AGU publications (p.1310); reading it is always a pleasure. I went back to the July 1 issue and reread C.T. Russell's contribution to Forum on the same subject (p.545).
Facets of Hydrology II
Authors: Smigielski Frank J.
Published: October 2011

The editor states that this book should have a wide appeal to the research hydrologist, to operational hydrologists, and to those who have only a limited knowledge or are beginners in the study of hydrology. I agree with the editor that this publication should appeal to a large cross section of people whose interests lie in the various facets of hydrology.

This publication takes a look at the newest interpretational tools available to hydrologists, such as environmental satellites. It considers a diverse menu of topics, such as sediment load of rivers, water resource systems, water quality monitoring, and the physical aspects of lakes. The volume also presents a look at international organizations that are concerned with worldwide water problems. The quality, quantity, and distribution of water over the globe is covered unde the topic headings “Large Scale Water Transfers,” “Technology Transfer in Hydrology,” and “The Organization of Hydrologic Services.”
Structure and dynamics of partially solidified systems
Authors: Carrigan C. R.
Published: October 2011

Snowflakes and silicate mushes are two examples of the terrestrial regimes that may be characterized as partially solidified systems. Change of phase in clouds and magma chambers as well as in the earth's mantle and core introduces a variety of phenomena to challenge both the mathematical modeler and the experimentalist intent upon understanding the nature of such processes. Paralleling the efforts of researchers in the natural sciences, metallurgists and materials scientists have extensively investigated solidification in alloy melts to discover the controlling mechanisms for undesirable behavior such as melt segregation, freckling (Figure 1), and crystal dislocation. Unfortunately, most of the studies, whether in the geosciences or in material sciences, have focused on highly specialized problems with little or no attempt at generalizing the results or methods to other physical systems. During May 12–16, 1986, at the Stanford University Conference Center at Fallen Leaf Lake, Calif., a workshop sponsored by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the National Science Foundation (NSF) provided a forum for the interdisciplinary exchange of ideas on the structure and dynamics of partially solidified systems.
The SPAN/DSUWG Meeting report
Authors: Baker D. N. , Thomas V. L. , Gallagher D. , Greene J. L. , King J. H. , Zwickl R. D.
Published: October 2011

On May 8–9, 1986, the National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) in Greenbelt, Md., hosted the spring meeting of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Data Systems Users Working Group (DSUWG). Most of the attention of the plenary sessions focused on the Space Physics Analysis Network (SPAN) move to a new configuration in summer 1986 (see sidebar), which builds upon NASA's Program Support Communication Network (PSCN). DSUWG considered the new SPAN project management plan and also heard presentations concerning several other scientific and academic computer networks to which SPAN will be connected.

As discussed in the accompanying article concerning SPAN, the network is moving toward a new configuration. Dave Peters (Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), Huntsville, Ala.) discussed SPAN's use of and relationship to the PSCN. As part of its deliberations, DSUWG approved the new SPAN physical configuration and the new SPAN management plan.
AGU Pacific Northwest Meeting
Authors: Qamar Anthony
Published: October 2011

The 33rd annual meeting of the Pacific Northwest Branch of AGU (PNAGU) was held September 4, 1986, at the University of Washington, Seattle. There were several reports on exploration methods utilizing piezoelectric and magnetometer techniques. Most of the other reports emphasized tectonics, seismology, and paleomagnetics in the Pacific Northwest. New evidence was presented that volcanism in Washington has had a longer history than previously reported. The Washington Department of Natural Resources announced work on four revised geologic maps that cover the state of Washington at a scale of 1:250,000. These maps will be published from 1987 to 1992.
A scientist's responsibility in the legislative process
Authors: Isherwood Dana
Published: October 2011

Like past AGU Congressional Fellows, I look back on my year on the Hill as rewarding and challenging. It gave me an opportunity to contribute to the legislative process and time to reflect on my role as a scientist.

As a staff scientist at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), I worked on programmatic research funded by the federal government (e.g., nuclear waste disposal) and knew of the impact of congressional decisions on the direction of my research. What I did not know was how Congress came to make these decisions and who provided the technical input. Congress has taken on the role of technical manager, particularly with legislation that deals with the environment (e.g., Superfund, the Clean Water Act). This has been partly in response to the frustrations of dealing with technical problems that resist easy solutions and partly in response to the growing public interest in the impact of technology on their communities. As with any good manager, the result is legislation that is specific in its demand for scientific research and requires adherence to schedules and reporting requirements.
NAS Panel faults export controls
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

A study prepared by a top‐level panel says that current export controls on militarily sensitive U.S. technology may be “overcorrecting” previous weaknesses in that system, resulting in “a complex and confusing control system” that makes it more difficult for U.S. businesses to compete in international markets. Moreover, this control system has “an increasingly corrosive effect” on U.S. relations with allies. The panel recommended that the United States concentrate more effort on bringing about uniformity in the export control policies of countries belonging to the Coordinating Committee on Multilateral Export Controls (CoCom), i.e., most of the member nations in NATO (the North Atlantic Treaty Organization) and Japan.

The 21‐member panel was appointed by the Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy (COSEPUP), a joint unit of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), the National Academy of Engineering (NAE), and the Institute of Medicine (IOM). The panel, composed of administrators, researchers, and former government officials, was chaired by AGU member Lew Allen, Jr., director of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (Pasadena, Calif.) and former chief of staff of the U.S. Air Force. Their report was supported by NAS funds, by a number of private organizations (including AGU), by the U.S. Departments of Commerce, Defense, Energy, and State, by the National Science Foundation, and by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Council actions
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The AGU Council and Executive Committee met on December 9, 1986. in San Francisco during the 1986 AGU Fall Meeting. All members except the Past President were present. The primary actions of Council are outlined below.
Seismic Anisotropy Workshop
Authors: Leary Peter
Published: October 2011

P wave anisotropy, the direction dependence of P wave velocities, is widely recognized to exist in the crust and upper mantle. The anisotropic effects of layered media, of aligned crystals in ductile rock, and of aligned cracks in brittle rock have been observed or have been speculated to yield information on earth structure and geomechanical processes. Crustal and upper mantle P wave seismic anisotropy were the principal subject in 1982 at the First International Workshop on Seismic Anisotropy (IIWSA), at Suzdal, U.S.S.R. The workshop proceedings, with a comprehensive overview of seismic anisotropy, appeared in the January 1984 issue of the Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society (GJRAS, vol. 76).
Ocean Sciences Award to Hall
Authors: Baker James
Published: October 2011

I am pleased, on behalf of the Ocean Sciences Section and of the oceanographic community, to present the AGU Ocean Sciences Award for outstanding and longstanding service to the ocean sciences community to J. Michael Hall, director of the Office of Climatic and Atmospheric Research at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Mike's career has been almost exclusively devoted to positions where he served the community in developing programs and technology at the frontiers of the field. From chief scientist at the NOAA Data Buoy Office in Bay St. Louis (Miss.) to executive scientist for the GARP (Global Atmospheric Research Program) Committee to chief scientist for the Office of Ocean Engineering at NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) to program manager for Ocean Climate Technology to director of the U.S. TOGA (Tropical Ocean‐Global Atmosphere) Office, Mike has shown a selfless dedication to ocean sciences and an ability to deal with the bureacracy that is outstanding. We are looking to great new things from him in his new position.
Narrative of an R/V Meiring Naudé Cruise
Authors: Gründlingh Marten Luther
Published: October 2011

Sailing at night, not a star is in sight, the vessel is rocked without grace. Thick tomes in our hands nor computer commands quell the sea which is white as the cruise leader's face. We find sigmas and t's, giant eddies, and big seas—Watch the XVI Please, SONAR, don't bug me! Thermohaline inversions, unsuspected divergence and at six every day there's beer and TV.

We are up before dawn, 'ere night turns to morn/ There is no place here for the lazy. Where's the Mozambique Ridge? SSB on the bridge play our song. Man, we're all going crazy! For 10 days or more, we manage the chore tapping samples and combing the sea. Just work yourself silly—it's not willy nilly
Where are the atmospheric sciences going?
Authors: Bierly Eugene W.
Published: October 2011

The question of the direction of the atmospheric sciences is a difficult one, and it cannot be answered in a definitive way or with a high degree of certainty. I would like to try to give you my biased viewpoint on the situation in atmospheric sciences today, as far as the research aspect is concerned.

The field of atmospheric sciences today is full to overflowing with top‐notch scientific research programs. At the same time, funds for conducting this research are limited and much more difficult to obtain now than in previous years. To paraphrase the words of Charles Dickens in his Tale of Two Cities, “It is the best of times; it is the worst of times.”
SPR: The next two years”Continued
Authors: Russell C. T.
Published: October 2011

I am pleased to have been elected president‐elect of the SPR Section, to assist Bob Helliwell in the running of the SPR Section. I second his remarks (Eos, October 28, 1986, p. 810). We take office finding SPR in good shape and thank George Reid for his many efforts on behalf of the section, but now that we are in office, what should we be doing?
CEDAR in the budget
Authors: Christensen Andrew B.
Published: October 2011

The importance of space to the Department of Defense (DOD) mission is evidenced by the recent formation of the U.S. Space Command and the growing number of space DOD systems. Research and development in solar‐terrestrial physics conducted and supported by DOD agencies is directed toward the short‐ and long‐term requirements of each agency. However, the understanding, specification, modeling, and prediction of the space environment and of space system/environment interactions is of interest to all of the DOD organizations that are responsible for operating or communicating in space. Research in solar, interplanetary, magneto‐sphere, ionosphere, thermosphere, and middle atmosphere physics is thus supported by several DOD agencies. Studies of geomagnetic fluctuations, atmospheric radio noise, and radio wave generation and propagation are also funded. The variability and disturbances of the space environment have the greatest impact on space systems operations; research and development thus tends to focus on the dynamical behavior of the solar‐terrestrial regions. Laboratory, ground‐based, and space‐based experiments are conducted, along with associated analytical and theoretical efforts.
Brief budget glossary
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Appropriations: Law that permits federal agencies to commit funds to programs at specific dollar amounts; also, one type of budget authority that permits federal agencies to incur obligations and to make payments.

Authorization: Basic substantive legislation enacted by Congress that sets up or continues the legal operation of a federal program. Such legislation is normally a prerequisite for subsequent appropriations.
December and 1986 streamflow
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Nearly half of the nation's rivers and streams reported well above average flows during December, which made a wet finish for a year that was extremely dry for much of the Mid‐Atlantic and Southeast United States, according to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). USGS hydrologists said that 49% (85) of the 173 key index streamflow‐gaging stations in the United States and Puerto Rico reported flows that were well within the highest 25% of historic records for December.
Seismic Wave Propagation in Stratified Media
Authors: Frazer Neil
Published: October 2011

In order to fully appreciate this book, it is necessary to recall some of the recent history of body wave seismology. Until the late 1960s, most of our knowledge of subsurface structure came from travel time studies. Pekeris [1948] and Haskell [1953] had shown how to model seismic data, but existing computers limited the use of their methods to the computation of dispersion curves for simple earth models. Then Helmberger [1968] used the Cagniard‐de Hoop method [de Hoop, 1960] to model refraction arrivals and thereby demonstrated the practicality of seismic modeling in the time domain. The Cagniard‐de Hoop method is a generalized ray method, which means (in practical terms) that it is good for synthesizing first motions but not so good for the later parts of the seismogram. Accordingly, Fuchs and Muller [1971] returned to the methods of Pekeris and Haskell and showed that with large modern computers, the whole seismogram could be synthesized. However, problems remained, because Haskell matrices are numerically unstable when used to synthesize SV body waves. Methods of overcoming this instability were found (and are still being found), but they are all, with the possible exception of the methods of Schmidt and Tango [1986] and of Chin et al. [1984], complicated, difficult to program, and lacking in physical insight.
Smog studies of the 1950s
Authors: Stephens Edgar R.
Published: October 2011

Infrared spectroscopy with path lengths in air in excess of 100 meters was first applied to the study of air pollution at the Franklin Institute Laboratories in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1955. This paper is a personal account of the studies of the photochemistry of polluted air by this research group during the 1950s. In our first study, we verified the strange aspects of photochemical ozone formation as reported by A.J. Haagen‐Smit. At the same time a new set of infrared bands appeared. It took several years to determine that these belonged to a previously unknown family of compounds called the peroxyacyl nitrates (PANs). They are toxic to plants, irritating to the eye, and (in liquid form) very explosive. We constructed a second infrared instrument in a laboratory trailer and took it to southern California in 1956. With this instrument, we verified laboratory findings on ozone and PAN chemistry in real polluted air, and it became evident that automobile exhaust was the dominant cause of photochemical smog. We then moved this infrared instrument to the University of California, Riverside, campus where an interdisciplinary study with plant scientists finally established PANs as the cause of “oxidant plant damage.”
Largest‐ever AGU Meeting
Authors: Harrison G. A.
Published: October 2011

To accommodate the large size of the 1986 AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco, Calif., it was necessary to split activities between the Civic Auditorium, Brooks Hall, Holiday Inn‐Golden Gateway Hotel, and the Cathedral Hill Hotel. The ASLO sessions and most joint ASLO/AGU ocean sciences sessions were held at the Cathedral Hill Hotel. This created some problems in that it took time for people to move between one location and another using the shuttle service provided. In general, it was felt that the arrangement avoided the tremendous crowding that would have occurred if all the meetings had been in the Civic Auditorium and Brooks Hall locations.
Upcoming Hearings in Congress
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The following hearings and markups have been tentatively scheduled for the coming weeks by the Senate and House of Representatives. Dates and times should be verified with the committee or subcommittee holding the hearing or markup; all offices on Capitol Hill may be reached by telephoning 202‐224‐3121.
Ion Acceleration in the Magnetosphere and Ionosphere
Authors: Chang Tom
Published: October 2011

These past 20 years have seen substantial progress in understanding the nature of the plasma domains that play critical roles in the dynamics of the ionosphere and magnetosphere: the diverse auroral plasmas (including the striking inverted V events), the polar cusp and polar wind, the plasmasphere, the bow shock, the magnetotail, the plasma sheet and its boundary and earthward extension. On the other hand, with only a few exceptions, analytic descriptions of the various plasma phenomena that are relevant to the real geometry and physics of the geoplasma environment are generally inadequate.
Secchi disc visibility world record shattered
Authors: Gieskes W. W. C. , Veth C. , Woehrmann A. , Graefe M.
Published: October 2011

On leg Ant (for “antarctic”) V/3 of the Winter Weddell Sea Project (WWSP‐86), during autumn 1986, we encountered extremely clear water in a coastal polynya of the eastern Weddell Sea. On October 13, 1986, a Secchi disc 1 foot in diameter was lowered at 14.45 UT at 71°23.63′S, 15°02.52′W. The disc was still seen by all four of us when 79 m of line was paid out; at 80 m, the disc disappeared from sight. The weather was calm and sunny, and the surface of the water was undisturbed At stations close to the Riiser Larsen Ice Shelf, more to the south, Secchi disc visibilities close to 70 m were recorded thoughout October and November.
Indo‐American Fellowships
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Indo‐U.S. Subcommission on Education and Culture is offering 12 long‐term (6–10‐month) and nine short‐term (2–3‐month) awards for research in India in 1988–1989. The fellowship program seeks to open new channels of communication among academic and professional groups in the United States and India and to encourage a wider range of research activity between the two countries than now exists, according to an announcement by the Council for International Exchange of Scholars (CIES), which administers this program. Grants will be available in all academic disciplines except clinical medicine. Scholars and professionals with limited or no prior experience in India are especially encouraged to apply.
The Second Creation: Makers of the Revolution in 20th‐Century Physics
Authors: Roberts D. Aaron
Published: October 2011

Probably the most remarkable aspect of 20th century physics is that it has made possible the rational investigation of the ultimate structure of matter and the origin of the universe. When a number of prominent physicists before the turn of the century thought that fundamental physics was essentially over, their conception of the scope of the field hardly included the structure of ordinary matter, much less the exotic forms dealt with routinely today. The often halting progress through this century in understanding the nature of matter was punctuated by three periods of synthesis. The first of these produced the quantum mechanical theory of atomic structure, the second successfully merged this theory with special relativity to form quantum electrodynamics, and the third resulted in the “standard” gage quantum field theory of elementary particles.
Charles Darwin and Captain Moresby on the Drowning of Great Chagos Bank: 19th century discovery of “aseismic” ridge seismicity in the Indian Ocean
Authors: Schlanger Seymour O. , Stein Seth A.
Published: October 2011

Charles Darwin's reading of Lyell's Principles of Geology and his own observations, made during the voyage of the H.M.S. Beagle, on earthquakes, the elevation of the west coast of South America, and the thick sections of marine strata in the Andean Cordillera led him to “. . . reflect much on the effects of subsidence . . .” with the result that he developed his subsidence theory of atoll formation before he ever saw an atoll. In 1836, during his first visit to an atoll, Keeling Island (now Cocos Island) in the Indian Ocean, he observed evidence of recent subsidence. Reports of a severe earthquake at Keeling in 1834 and two lesser ones in the preceding 10 years led him to conclude that small downward movements had recently taken place. However, it was not until he returned to England and became familiar with the hydrographic surveys of Captain Moresby and the latter's accounts of frequent earthquakes on the Great Chagos Bank that Darwin became convinced that the drowned reefs at Chagos, which now lie 6 to 8 fathoms beneath the surface, appeared “ . . . as if they had been carried down by one uniform movement,” the implication being that the earthquakes were accompanied by subsidence of the Great Chagos Bank. The observations of Darwin and Moresby on earthquakes and tectonics on an “aseismic” ridge are in accord with modern interpretations of “intraplate tectonics” of the Indian Ocean. In particular, earthquakes up to magnitude 7, which occur on the Chagos‐Laccadive Ridge, show normal faulting on an east‐west fault plane that intersects the Great Chagos Bank and can cause vertical slip of several meters. The work of Darwin and Moresby 150 years ago showed that atolls and their associated drowned banks are sensitive recorders of “intraplate tectonics.”
Science Committee changes name
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

With the start of the 100th Congress in January 1987, what had been the House Committee on Science and Technology changed its name to the House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology (see box, this page).
South Carolina geologists must register
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The South Carolina General Assembly enacted legislation in 1986 that requires all geologists engaged in the public practice of geology in South Carolina to be registered. To avoid taking a state examination, anyone in the geosciences who mets the academic and work requirements that are set forth in the act (Act 507) is eligible to register before June 10, 1987.

Those requirements include graduation from a standard 4‐year curriculum or an advanced degree in geology or a related science, and a minimum of 5 years of full‐time work experience in these areas. To be put on the mailing list for an application package, write to the South Carolina State Board of Registration for Geologists, 1213 Lady Street, Suite 201, Columbia, SC 29201.
JGR‐Space Physics editor Thomas J. Birmingham
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

“My prime responsibility is to see that this journal continues to publish solid science at the forefront of the field in a timely fashion,” according to Thomas J. Birmingham, editor of the Journal of Geophysical Research‐Space Physics. Birmingham, a physicist at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in Greenbelt, Md., stressed the importance of the peer evaluation process in assuring that this objective is met.
ICSU sets up IGBP Committee
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

The International Council o f Scientific Unions (ICSU) recently established the committee that will plan for and oversee the International Geosphere‐Biosphere Program (IGBP). The Special Committee for the International Geosphere‐Biosphere Program (SCGB) has 19 members from 15 countries (Table 1). James J. McCarthy of Harvard University (Cambridge, Mass.) has been appointed the committee's convenor and is expected to be elected chairman at SCGB's first meeting. McCarthy, presently at the Office for Interdisciplinary Earth Studies of the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR), Boulder, Colo., is also the editor of the new AGU journal Global Biogeochemical Cycles and a member of the AGU Earth as a System Committee.
Paleomagnetism in Australia: An overview
Authors: Barton C. E.
Published: October 2011

The pioneering work of John Jaegar and Ted Irving, together with their geochronology colleagues at the Australian National University (ANU), Canberra, resulted in a substantial contribution to the development of modern concepts in geoscience. Paleomagnetism played a major role in this work, providing strong support for the continental drift theory in its early days and, later, much of the data that led to definition of the geomagnetic polarity time scale.

Australia is particularly well suited for paleomagnetic studies in a range of interesting problem areas. Among the most outstanding are

Archaean and Proterozoic tectonics and magnetostratigraphy;

circum‐Pacific terrain studies, notably in the Tasman Fold Belt (the “mountainous” eastern side of Australia) and Australia's active northern margin in Papua New Guinea and Indonesia;

effects of deep weathering on paleomagnetic signatures; and

southern hemisphere characteristics of the geomagnetic field, e.g., secular variation, nature of reversal transitions

. Precambrian rocks dominate the surface exposure over much of Australia and are probably the most extensive and conveniently accessible of anywhere in the world. The Tasman Fold Belt is a major part of a Paleozoic Circum‐Pacific orogenic belt that stretches from the Antarctic Mountains through Australia, New Guinea, and into southeastern Asia. Understanding the macro‐ and micro‐tectonics of this vast region poses a problem whose scale far exceeds that of the corresponding region of western North America.
CEDAR news
Authors: Degen Vlad , Campbell Cynthia
Published: October 2011

The Dialup System for generating synthetic molecular spectra for use in aeronomy is now accessible on the Space Physics Analysis Network (SPAN). Access to the system, which is resident on the Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska (Fairbanks) VAX 11/785 computer, is currently limited to 8 A.M.–12 noon Alaska Standard Time (Alaska Standard Time = UT −8h), but this will be expanded in the near future.
Production and global transport of dust and soot
Authors: Colbeck I.
Published: October 2011

At the recent meeting of the European Geophysical Society, at Christian‐Albrechts University (Kiel, Federal Republic of Germany (FRG)), the program included a symposium entitled “Production and Global Transport of Dust and Soot in the Earth's History.” This was mainly concerned with “nuclear winter.” Chairing the morning session was P. Crutzen (Max‐Planck‐Institut für Chemie, Mainz, FRG), who pointed out that this symposium was dominated by speakers from the United States and that this possibly reflected the attitude of European governments on nuclear winter research.
The Mineral Physics Committee
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Mineral Physics Committee members for the period July 1, 1986, to J ne 30, 1988, have been announced. They are Murli H. Manghnani (Hawaii Institute of Geophysics, Honolulu), and Orson L. Anderson (University of California, Los Angeles), Thomas J. Ahrens (California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif.), Subir K. Banerjee (University of Minnesota, Minneapolis), William A. Bassett (Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.), Gordon E. Brown, Jr. (Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.), Michael Brown (University of Washington, Seattle), Robert M. Hazen (Geophysical Laboratory, Washington, D.C.), Raymond F. Jeanloz (University of California, Berkeley), Robert C. Liebermann (State University of New York (SUNY),(Stony Brook), Alexandra Navrotsky (Princeton University, Princeton, N.J.), Robert N. Schock (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, Calif.), and Donald J. Weidner (SUNY Stony Brook).
Rock and Mineral Physics Register 1986/1987
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

This register is the first compilation of current research activity in the field of rock and mineral physics within Great Britain and Ireland; it contains details of over 50 active research groups/laboratories and nearly 150 individual scientists. It aims to provide a link by which interested researchers can readily review the current expertise and facilities available. Fields of interest include physical and chemical properties, structure, phase relations, reaction mechanisms, deformation and defects, electron microscopy, modeling studies, and spectroscopic techniques.
Proposals sought for Cluster, SOHO
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The European Space Agency (ESA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have issued an international announcement of opportunity to solicit scientific investigations for two missions that together constitute the Solar Terrestrial Science Programme (STSP). T h e missions are Cluster, a set of four identical spacecraft that will study basic plasma processes in the earth's magnetosphere, and SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory), a spacecraft to study solar processes and solar‐terrestrial relationships. Proposals are solicited from scientists in the ESA member nations, Canada, and the United States.
50 years of membership in AGU recognized
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Recently, 14 AGU members who joined the Union in 1937 received their recognition pins for 50 years of membership in the Union. They join the distinguished ranks of the 50‐ year AGU members, who are listed below by the year that they joined:

1937 A.B. Bryan, Leonard B. Corwin, Tate Dalrymple, Richard H. Fleming, Harry L. Frauenthal, Konrad B. Krauskopf, J. Stuart Meyers, Brian O'Brien, Joseph F. Poland, Edward J. Rutter, Noel H. Stearn, John P. Tully, Victor Vacquier, G.H. Westby, and Harvey O. Westby.
Research posts for women
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The National Science Foundation (NSF) is accepting proposals for its Visiting Professorships for Women (VPW) program. Under this program, female scientists and engineers who are experienced in independent research can undertake advanced research as visiting professors at universities or research institutions that have the necessary facilities. In addition to research, each visiting professor takes on lecturing, counseling, and “other interactive activities” intended to increase the visibility of female scientists at the host institution and to encourage other women to pursue careers in science and engineering, according to NSF.
Chemical oceanography dissertations presented
Authors: Anderson Neil R. , Graham William , Green Edward
Published: October 2011

The seventh session of Dissertations in Chemical Oceanography (DISCO VII) was convened February 8–13, 1987, at the East‐West Center at the Manoa Campus of the University of Hawaii under joint support from the National Science Foundation, Office of Naval Research, and National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Sea Grant Program. These symposia are dedicated to individuals who have recently received Ph.D.s in chemical oceanography or who will do so in the near future. The participants present their thesis research to their peers, and at the end of the meeting the three sponsoring agencies describe their respective programs and respond to questions.
Satellites ready for storm season
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

For the first time in 3 years, it appears that the United States will have two geostationary weather satellites in place in time for this year's hurricane season, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites, GOES 6 and GOES 7, will be known as GOES West and GOES East, respectively, once they are maneuvered into their permanent positions. This should permit monitoring of severe storms that may affect any part of the United States, according to Thomas N. Pyke, Jr., assistant administrator of NOAA.
Naming aquifers
Authors: Jorgensen Donald G. , Rosenshein Joseph S.
Published: October 2011

Names are the symbols used in logic to designate items and to serve as addresses and structures to which information is related. However, in geohydrology, no widely accepted system for naming aquifers exists, and confusion has resulted. The confusion occurs in part because the few available guidelines are not widely known, and practicing geohydrologists may not be aware of or fully knowledgeable about those guidelines. In general, the inexactness and inaccuracy in naming aquifers probably occurs because of inexact or inaccurate definitions of an aquifer.
Drainage Basin Sediment Delivery Symposium
Authors: Hadley R. F.
Published: October 2011

An international symposium on drainage basin sediment delivery was held in Albuquerque, N. Mex., August 4–8, 1986. The symposium was organized by the International Commission on Continental Erosion (of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences, or IAHS) in cooperation with the Department of Geology of the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque. The objectives of the symposium were, first, to examine the processes and mechanisms in the conveyance and storage of eroded material in drainage networks from upland slopes to stream channels, and second, to discuss the relationship between erosion and sediment delivery as it affects estimates of basin sediment yield and problems of scale in drainage basin studies.
Climate and Circulation of the Tropics
Authors: Krishnamurti T. N.
Published: October 2011

This is a very comprehensive effort in numerous important areas, such as interannual variability, regional circulation, climatology, tropical glaciers, and past climates. The emphasis, in most of these areas, would be called “climatological.” It is quite detailed, full of adequate references and historical accounts. The approach is descriptive. However, in many sections the paragraphs are too full of authors' names with only very brief explanations of their findings.
Long‐term study measures radon
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

Preliminary results from a long‐term study of indoor radon levels will be presented on Tuesday, May 19, at the AGU Spring Meeting in Baltimore, Md. The study, which is still in progress, has already pointed to some possible links between levels of radon gas in homes and local geology and home construction, according to Douglas Mose and George Mushrush of George Mason University (Fairfax, Va.).
IONCAP program available for PCs
Authors: Stewart Frank
Published: October 2011

The IONCAP (Ionospheric Communications Analysis and Prediction) program is now available for the IBM Personal Computer AT™. The computer resources required to run this program are 512 Kbytes of memory with a hard disk or high‐density floppy disk. A math coprocessor, while not necessary, makes the execution time more reasonable. The program resides on disk as a single run module and does not require overlays. It is possible to run the IONCAP program on an IBM PC XT™. However, the XT must have a hard disk and the program must be linked on the XT, because the floppy disk on this model does not have sufficient storage capacity to hold the run module.
Plate tectonics on Venus
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

Plate tectonics may be active on Venus, according to a pair of papers to be presented on May 18, 1987, at the AGU Spring Meeting in Baltimore, Md. Larry Crumpler and Jim Head of Brown University (Providence, R.I.) say that they have found features on Venus that resemble areas of seafloor spreading on the earth.
APS study of directed energy weapons
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

Before being considered seriously for defense against potential ballistic missile attacks, all existing candidates for directed energy weapons (DEW) require improvement by a factor of at least 100 in power output and beam quality, according to an American Physical Society (APS) report released April 23.
NSF Graduate Fellowships
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The National Science Foundation (NSF) has awarded 505 graduate fellowships for 1987–1988 to students in the natural and social sciences, mathematics, and engineering. Of these students, 34 have chosen to study earth, ocean, space, and atmospheric sciences or the history of science.
Recent Ph.D.s
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Eos periodically lists information on recently accepted doctoral dissertations in the disciplines of geophysics. Faculty members are invited to submit the following information, on institution letterhead, above the signature o f the faculty advisor or department chairman: (1) the dissertation title, (2) author's name, (3) name of the degree‐granting department and institution, (4) faculty advisor, (5) month and year degree was awarded , and (6) category of dissertation subject (Atmospheric Sciences, Hydrology, Ocean Sciences, Solid Earth, or Space Sciences).
1986 AGU Annual Report
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

1986 was a year of steady progress with some very bright spots:

Membership grew at more than 5% annually, continuing a 5‐year trend. This period rivals the significant growth during the IGY and immediately after it and allowed membership to reach more than 20,000 (see Figure 1 and Table 1).

There was a sharp increase in the number of published pages (Figure 2).

A significant increase in meeting participation was seen.

Costs were contained so that the Union finished the year somewhat ahead of its budget, permitting another significant contribution to reserves.
Hydrates, oil seepage, and chemosynthetic ecosystems on the Gulf of Mexico Slope: An update
Authors: Brooks James M. , Kennicutt Mahlon C. , Bidigare Robert R. , Wade Terry L. , Powell Eric N. , Denoux Guy J. , Fay Roger R. , Childress James J. , Fisher Chuck R. , Rossman Ian , Boland Gregory
Published: October 2011

In 1985, the Geochemical and Environmental Research Group (GERG) at Texas A&M University (College Station, Tex.) reported in Eos [Brooks et al, 1985] the discovery of chemosynthetic organisms (bivalves and tube worms) at two sites on the Gulf of Mexico continental slope. The presence of gas hydrates at five sites, some associated with oil‐stained sediments, was also detailed. In the subsequent year, follow‐up cruises and submersible dives (using the Johnson Sea‐Link, owned and operated by the Harbor Branch Foundation, Fort Pierce, Fla., and the Navy NR‐1) investigated the physiology, biochemistry, and distribution of these chemosynthetic organisms.
an unexpected souvenir
Authors: Brooks David
Published: October 2011

Most people are genuinely sympathetic to the difficulties encountered by handicapped persons, but probably too often the compassion evaporates when the wheelchair disappears from view or the tapping of crutches fades down the hall. The accessibility of buildings and facilities has certainly improved in recent years; we now take it for granted that curb cuts and wide doors make the going smoother, at least in public places like university campuses, but consciences still are not eased simply by holding the elevator.
Drillhole results to be discussed
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

Vattenfall, the Swedish State Power Board, is searching for a predicted reservoir of abiogenic methane beneath the floor of a meteorite crater in central Sweden. Some of the early scientific results from the drilling project at the Siljan Ring impact structure will be presented on Thursday, May 21, at the 1987 AGU Spring Meeting in Baltimore, Md.

Thomas Gold of Cornell University (Ithaca, N.Y.) has predicted that large amounts of methane from deep within the earth may move closer to the surface beneath sites where large meteorites have hit the earth, such as the Siljan Ring structure (Eos, July 9, 1985, p. 537). The site is known for its gas seeps, according to Paul Westcott of the Gas Research Institute (GRI, in Chicago, Ill.). The institute is putting up 15% of the costs of the drillhole in return for access to samples and data. Seismic surveys at the site revealed horizontal structures in the granite, which may suggest the presence of gas‐liquid interfaces, Westcott said.
First‐Hand Observations of the Charleston Earthquake of August 31, 1886, and Other Earthquake Materials
Authors: Gillmor C. Stewart
Published: October 2011

Kenneth E. Peters (University of South Carolina, Columbia) and Robert B. Herrmann (St. Louis University, St. Louis, Mo.) have compiled a fascinating portfolio of reports of the great Charleston earthquake of 1886. Hermann discovered a number of these heretofore unknown materials in a box at St. Louis University. They were probably brought there from Washington, D.C. by the Reverend James B. Macelwane, who founded the first university geophysics department in the United States at St. Louis University in 1925. (AGU members may be interested to note that Macelwane published reports frequently in Terrestrial Magnetism and Atmospheric Electricity, the predecessor of the Journal of Geophysical Research.) Peters worked with Hermann on compiling the materials, discovering other pertinent photographs, and writing historical sketches of the major persons involved.
NEDRES: An interactive computer tool for locating geophysical information
Authors: Barton Gerald S.
Published: October 2011

Imagine that someone mentions that there is a study of surface wind patterns in the Gulf of Mexico. How can the data be located? Who has gravity data for Alaska? Is there a study relating tree rings and carbon dioxide in the Yellowstone area?

These and numerous other questions about data can be answered by an environmental data base maintained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The National Environmental Data Referral Service (NEDRES) is a “yellow pages” directory for locating environmental data in the United States. NOAA provides the service as part of its responsibility to archive and document environmental data. The data base is accessed via a local telephone call using a computer terminal or personal computer, and the results can be listed on the user's terminal or printed at the computer site.
JGR special issue: Geologic and Tectonic Evolution of the Mendocino Triple Junction Region
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A special section of the Journal of Geophysical Research—Solid Earth and Planets will be dedicated to the publication of papers on the geologic and tectonic evolution of the Mendocino triple junction region, as an outgrowth of the symposium held at the 1986 AGU Fall Meeting.
A core hole in the southwestern moat of the Long Valley Caldera: Early results
Authors: Wollenberg H. A. , Sorey M. L. , Farrar C. D. , White A. F. , Flexser S. , Bartel L. C.
Published: October 2011

A continuously cored hole penetrated 715 m into the southwestern moat of the Long Valley caldera. Temperatures in the postcaldera deposits increased rapidly with depth over the upper 335 m to 202°C, then remained nearly isothermal into the Bishop Tuff to the bottom of the hole. The depth to the Bishop Tuff is the shallowest, and the temperatures observed are among the highest in holes drilled in the caldera. The hole identifies a potential geothermal resource for the community of Mammoth Lakes, constrains the position of the principal heat source for the caldera's hydrothermal system, and serves as access for monitoring changes in water level, temperatures, and fluid chemistry.