bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New distribution records of Bactrocera spp. from Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Singh Maneesh Pal , Divender Gupta  , Isha Sharma
Published: August 2022

Survey undertaken to assess the distribution of fruit fly fauna in Himachal Pradesh revealed new distribution records of two species viz., Bactrocera watersi (Hardy) and Bactrocera zahadi (Mahmood) observed on cucurbitaceous crops. Bactrocera zahadi a member of the B. tau complex is a serious pest in the mid and low hills of Himachal Pradesh covering the districts of Una, Hamirpur, Solan, Sirmaur, Chamba and Shimla. It was observed both on fruit and exfruit, while B. watersi was observed only from Solan region in traps.
DNA barcoding of major insect pests and their natural enemies from cucurbitaceous crops in Northeast India
Authors: Pongen Arensungla , G T Behere  , D M Firake  , Bhagawatati Sharma  , T Rajesh
Published: August 2022

Correct identification of insect pest is a prerequisite for any control measures, and DNA barcoding facilitates this. In this study, assigning of 28 specimens (insect pests and natural enemies) to known species using DNA barcode by sequencing partial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene of mitochondrial DNA has been accomplished. Quick identification of a non-indigenous species Bactrocera cilifera (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Meghalaya has been enabled and taxonomic ambiguity of Henosepillachna pusillanima (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) resolved. Molecular identity of Malcus sp., Paridea sp. and Coridius sp. has been established with NCBI GenBank registrations.
Efficacy of some insecticides aganist invasive pin worm Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) and red spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Koch) on tomato
Authors: Karthik C M , A P Biradar  , H T Prakash
Published: August 2022

The pin worm Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) and red spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Koch) are major pests of tomato. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of some insecticides against these at the College of Agriculture, Vijayapura, UAS, Dharwad. The results revealed that chlorantraniliprole 18.5%SC led to least number of larvae (1.60/ plant), live mines (1.26 live mines/ plant) and less fruit damage (2.06%) at fifth day of spray. Spiromesifen 22.9%SC led to significantly less number of mites (1.01/ square inch of leaf area) at third day of spray. The combination treatment of chlorantraniliprole 18.5%SC @ 0.15 ml/ l followed by spiromesifen 22.9%SC @ 0.5 ml/ l was found to be the best to manage both the pests.
Population dynamics of rice yellow stem borer and sheath blight
Authors: Sharma Rakesh Kumar , K K Sharma
Published: August 2022

Field experiments were conducted on the seasonal incidence of yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas) and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani). These revealed that maximum deadheart incidence (5.32 and 5.64%) was observed in the 33rd and 34th standard meteorological week (SMW) in 2018 and 2019, respectively. The incidence of white earhead was maximum (4.96 and 5.28%) during 40th SMW. Maximum incidence of sheath blight (50 and 46.67%) was noticed during 36th SMW. A significant positive correlation of minimum temperature and evening relative humidity was found with deadheart incidence. Conversely, maximum temperature and morning relative humidity had significant positive correlation with incidence of sheath blight. The model developed for ascertaining effect of weather factors on incidence of pest and disease showed a good relationship between predicted and observed data of % deadheart (R2=0.996), white earhead (R2=0.992) and diseased plants (R2=0.986).
Molecular Mechanism Underlying Symptom Development in Phytoplasma Associated Diseases - The Key Players and their Role
Authors: Lakhanpaul Suman , Singh Vibhuti , Kumar Sachin , Singh Amrita
Published: August 2022

Phytoplasma, plant pathogenic Mollicutes that have a trans-kingdom life cycle, are insect transmittedand have been found to be associated with yield affecting traits in a large number of taxa. Many peculiar symptoms observed in the host taxa are often results of dramatic alterations in the normal development program that are generally controlled at the meristematic regions located in the shoot apices. Phytoplasma being vasculature limited are thus able to bring about genetic reprogramming in the regions of host plant that are far removed from their natural niche namely sieve elements of the phloem. Several proteins secreted by phytoplasma in the host plants have been identified and termed as effector molecules namely SAP54, SAP11, TENGU, SAP21 etc. that enable the colonisation, survival, spread of phytoplasma and also bring about dramatic alterations in the host plant. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying these peculiar phenomena are far from understood and remain a challenging area for the phytoplasma biologists. A thorough understanding of the processes involved is needed to provide platforms for developing control measures for phytoplasma associated diseases that will also enhance basic understanding on the plant developmental programs affected.
Rind Scarring Caused by Biotic and Abiotic Factors Influences Kinnow Fruit Quality
Authors: Rajwinder Kaur  , Bhullar Manmeet Brar , Sharma D R , Arora P K , Mahajan B V C
Published: August 2022

The relationship between rind scarring [caused by Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes), Scirtothrips citri (Moulton) and wind] and physiochemical parameters was studied in three main kinnow producing zones of Punjab (Abohar, Ludhiana and Hoshiarpur), India. The results showed a nonsignificant increase in TSS value with increase in rind damage (caused by mites + thrips + wind) upto 50% but later on it was significantly decreased with increase in damage from 50 to 100%. Other parameters like vitamin C, phenols (pulp and peel), pectin, total carotenoids and fruit firmness were decreased with the increment in damage and lowest values were observed in 100% damaged fruits but the titrable acidity and sugars (non reducing, reducing & total sugar) parameters were not affected by rind scarring. The wind damaged fruits showed noncomparable data for all studied physiochemical parameters which indicated that wind doesn’t affect the fruit quality. It may also be concluded that only thrips and mites are responsible for deterioration of kinnow fruits quality.
Resistance in Spodoptera litura (F.) to Insecticides and Detoxification Enzymes
Authors: S Ramesh Babu  , Singh Beerendra
Published: August 2022

Standard leaf dip bioassay experiments were conducted to study the insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura (F.) in soybean. Chlorantraniliprole was the most toxic while, cypermethrin and organophosphates (profenophos and triazophos) recorded least toxicity against S. litura populations. Field population of S. litura showed the highest resistance to cypermethrin with resistance ratios (RRs) ranging from 244 to 376. The field populations collected from three locations of Southern Rajasthan exhibited low resistance to newer insecticides, chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram with Lab-SS strain. All the enzyme activities were significantly higher in the whole larval extracts and midgut extracts of S. litura larvae when compared to the Lab-SS strain. Analysis of the carboxyl esterase enzyme in the native PAGE assay revealed that the electrophoretic profiles showed presence of different band regions (EST 1 to EST 7) with esterase activity in the field populations along with the laboratory susceptible strain. The susceptibility of three field populations to different group of insecticides along with the profile of detoxification enzymes indicate the need to formulate a region-specific insecticide resistance management (IRM).
Efficacy of Seed Treatment and Foliar Application of Against Soybean Stem Fly Melanagromyza sojae
Authors: C Manjanaik  , Doddabasappa B , Mallika M
Published: August 2022

A field experiment on the effectiveness of seed treatment and foliar application of insecticides againstsoybean stem fly Melanagromyza sojae (Zehntner) was carried out at the All India Coordinated ResearchProject (AICRP) on Soybean, Gandhi Krishi Vignan Kendra (GKVK), Bengaluru, Karnataka duringkharif 2017. The seeds treated with thiamethoxam 30FS @ 10 ml/kg seed and foliar application ofthiamethoxam 25WG 0.40 g/ l at 30 days after germination (DAG) were found effective. It was on par withseeds treated with imidacloprid 48FS @ 1.25 ml/ kg seed and foliar application of imidacloprid 17.8SL@ 0.50 ml/ l at 30 DAG. The plots treated with these gave higher grain yield of 1794.48 and 1678.89 kg/ha, respectively. Higher net gain of 1: 4.22 was obtained from the seeds treated with thiamethaxom 30FS@ 10 ml/ kg seed and foliar application of thiamethoxam 25WG 0.40 g/ l at 30 DAG; and it proved to behighly cost effective. The foliar application of chlorantraniliprole 18.5SC @ 0.30 ml/ l at 10 and 30 DAGwas equally effective compared to thiamethoxam and recorded the C: B ratio of 1: 3.94. The plots treatedwith quinalphos 25EC @ 2 ml/ l at 10 and 30 DAG led to the least stem tunneling of (26.73%) and thelow grain yield of 1177.78 kg/ ha.
Two New Records of Leafhoppers Of The Genus Opsius Fieber from India
Authors: Sunil Sunil  , Meshram Naresh M , Thakur Priyanka
Published: August 2022

Present study records two Opsius leafhopper species, Opsius richteri (Dlabola) and Opsius stactogallusFieber from Delhi, India for first time. Earlier Opsius richteri had been described from Iran and Opsiusstactogallus is distributed worldwide and now reported from India. This study reveals the new geographic distribution, and the species are redescribed and illustrated herein.
Insect Pollinator Assemblage on Temperate Fruits Crops in Kumaun Himalaya
Authors: Arya Manoj Kumar , Badoni Aarti
Published: August 2022

Kumaun Himalaya harbors a number of temperate fruits crops such as apple, peach, apricot, plum, pear and kiwi that support the fruit growers of the Uttarakhand state. The present study was conducted in temperate fruit orchards located in hills of Nainital district of Kumaun Himalayan region of Uttarakhand state. Information on the distribution of insect pollinators led to many important details. A total of 92 species insect pollinators under 59 genera of 25 families and four orders were recorded. Lepidoptera was the most dominant order whereas Coleoptera was the least dominant. The results revealed that Apis cerana F. was the most abundant species. As per Margalef’s index, species richness of pollinators was observed to be maximum in apple.
The Biological Diversity of Thysanoptera in India- Is there a Way Forward?
Authors: Mound Laurence A.
Published: August 2022

No Abstract.
Freedom of Speech, Freedom of Religion and Islam
Authors: Akram Ujala
Published: August 2022

Freedom of Speech, Freedom of Religion and Islam: A Review of Laws Regarding ‘Offences Relating to Religion’ in Pakistan from a Domestic and International Law Perspective

During the struggle for a separate homeland, named Pakistan, for Muslims who were the then religious minority in British India, a promise was inevitably made that the religious minorities will enjoy freedom to hold and practice their belief in this new country. The promise was kept in all three Constitutions of Pakistan where minorities were given the right to practice their religion. However, the subsequent amendments to the Constitution were made with the presumption that Pakistan was created to establish an Islamic State, which stifled the freedom of religion and belief of the religious minorities. In the absence of a domestic mechanism to protect the freedom of religion in Pakistan, international law was supposed to play a major role in the protection of the same. Unfortunately, international law, owing to the lack of sanctions and mechanism to implement the law, proved to be weak in this case. However, through an amalgamation of international law, international pressure, amendments to existing laws and promulgation of new laws to protect the religious freedom of minorities in Pakistan – the minorities may be able to enjoy the freedom of religion as it was envisioned while fighting for the independence of Pakistan.
The System of Kafala and the Rights of Migrant Workers in GCC Countries – With Specific Reference to Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alzahrani Majed M.
Published: August 2022

The System of Kafala and the Rights of Migrant Workers in GCC Countries – With Specific Reference to Saudi Arabia

Under the Kafala system, which applies in all Arab countries, migrant workers must attain a work entry visa and residential permit, which is possible only if they are working for a domestic institution or corporation or a citizen of the respective country. Each and every employer is required, based on the Kafala system, to adopt all legal and economic responsibilities for all of the employer's workers during their contractual period. By giving wide-ranging powers and responsibilities unilaterally to employers, the Kafala system subjects workers to abysmal and exploitative working conditions, violence, and human rights abuses. Some of these problems have recently made headlines in the United States and in Europe in connection with the campus being built by New York University in Abu Dhabi. While NYU imposed a code of labor standards on its direct contractual partners, it claimed to have no means of controlling subcontractors. Nor did NYU try very hard, it seems, to verify compliance even by its direct contractual partners.

Migrant workers make up at least 30 percent of the population of Saudi Arabia and 49 percent of Saudi Arabia's entire workforce. Employers control Saudi Arabia's Kafala system, in which migrant workers are the weakest link. Studies and international organizations report that foreigners employed in Saudi Arabia have returned home with many complaints. In 2006, Saudi Arabia re-examined all laws including its labor law. This re-examination resulted in abolishing some terms used in labor law, such as the kafala system, but the system remains as is. The new labor law includes many positive changes, but not enough according to the assessment of local and international scholars and observers. In this paper, I will reveal laws, practices and patterns that essentially cause the vulnerability of migrant workers, and I will suggest effective alternative strategies. This paper should contribute to our growing understanding of issues of concern for migrant workers in Saudi Arabia and other Arab countries and help to develop specific and necessary legal and institutional responses.
International Kafala: A Right for the Child to Enter and Stay in the Member States?
Authors: Malingreau Julie
Published: August 2022

International Kafala: A Right for the Child to Enter and Stay in the Member States?

Much attention has already been paid to the relationship between European (family) law and law from Muslim majority countries in studies of private international law or of comparative law, often discussing family law institutions such as polygamy or repudiation. Among those institutions, there is one that has largely been neglected: kafala, a form of guardianship that is specific to Islamic law.

The reception of this institution in the Member States raises several questions, such as its consequences in terms of legal parentage or its conformity with the best interest of the child or with public order. However, this contribution focuses on the migration angle since some difficulties may appear after this particular guardianship was pronounced abroad when the question of the entrance and the stay of the child with their guardians in a Member State arises.

The research consists of determining whether some EU or international instruments could grant the guardians a right to request that ‘their’ child lives with them in their country and examines whether such a right is always desirable and justifiable. Taking France as an example, the author asks the following question: does not France, as a Member State of the European Union, have to ensure under European law and international obligations that the child and the couple will be able to live together on its territory?
Addressing the Pension Challenge: Can the EU Respond?
Authors: Kalogeropoulou Konstantina
Published: August 2022

Addressing the Pension Challenge: Can the EU Respond? Towards Facilitating the Portability of Supplementary (Occupational) Pension Rights

The European economic crisis has underlined the challenges that Member States of the European Union face towards ensuring adequate social protection provision for their citizens. The effects of the crisis have and can further impact on the capacity of pension schemes, both state provided and privately managed, that constitute a significant aspect of social protection, to deliver pension promises. This paper highlights the current situation that the common pension challenges pose for Member States and focuses on a particular issue around occupational pension provision, which has been on the European Commission’s agenda for a long time, and on which limited progress had been made. This is the issue of cross-border portability of supplementary pension rights. It is argued that current circumstances facilitate EU action to be taken in this area. In the first section, the paper identifies the main challenges around pension provision stemming from demographic ageing and the effects of the economic crisis. Section two provides a brief overview of the Commission’s holistic approach envisaged in its 2012 White Paper on safe, adequate, and sustainable pensions. Section three provides an overview of the issue of the portability of supplementary pension rights for EU workers. Section four outlines previous attempts and recent developments towards the adoption of legislative measures to promote the portability of such pension entitlements. The paper concludes by arguing that the renewed focus on pensions, in the context of current challenges and the need to enhance workers’ mobility and to provide adequate social protection, have paved the way towards the adoption of measures in this area.
Another Type of Deficit?
Authors: Voiculescu Aurora
Published: August 2022

Another Type of Deficit? Human Rights, Corporate Social Responsibility, and the Shaping of the European Union’s Linkage Strategy

This article engages with the European Union’s continuing strategy, in the context of the economic crisis, of addressing the human rights deficit of the current economic model by promoting a multifarious normative linkage between the economic, market-driven sphere and the human rights-anchored social sphere. The article looks into issues of normativity associated with the EU linkage agenda and interrogates some of its institutional and conceptual elements. It contends that, while the linkage discourse depends on a multitude of actors and factors, the EU encompasses a number of features that – by entropy as much as by design – facilitate an interrogation of the normative set-up that currently holds between human rights and the market mechanisms. The first part of the article addresses the linkage or ‘trade and’ debate that carries distinct nuances within contemporary international economic law. In the second part, the potential as well as the challenges brought about by the EU as a socio-political entity highlight the bringing together of competing normative issues. Lastly, the article considers the EU conceptual inroads in developing the necessary tools for consolidating and addressing the linkage agenda. Through this analysis, the article highlights an essential, dynamic nexus and a search for normative synchronisation between the economic development model and the social model. It is argued that coupling this nexus with a conceptual rethinking can increase the chances of matching the so far rhetorical persuasiveness of the linkage discourse with the so far elusive conceptual coherence and policy consistency.
Gas pressure and coating distance for nanohydroxyapatite deposition on stainless steel 316L using flame spray technique
Authors: SAPUTRA Angga , SYAFITRI Utami Dyah , SUDIRO Toto , TIMUDA Gerald Ensang , SARI Yessie  Widya
Published: August 2022

Metal implant coating engineering is needed to improve the surface biocompatibility properties of metals.  For this, coating metal surfaces with bioactive and biocompatible biomaterials will be an option. Having high biocompatibility as well as similarity in chemical properties, nanohydroxyapatite may be a candidate as biomaterials for coating the metal implant. The key to the success of metal implant plating is the formation of pores which increase the bioactivity and biocompatibility properties of the implant. In this study, nanohydroxyapatite was used to be coated on stainless steel type 316L (SS316L). To ensure that the coating works properly on the surface, an appropriate measure of gas and distance is required. The purpose of this study was to determine the possible firing distance and gas pressure of the flame spray coating technique. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope - energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and optical microscopy (OM) characterizations were carried out to determine the phase, morphology, and presence of pores. After coated product, hydroxyapatite dehydroxylation occurred which led to the tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) phases. The thickness decreases with the addition of gas pressure and the farther the firing distance the layer thickness decreases. Nanohydroxyapatite coating on a bone implant substrate can increase the porosity of the layer.
Microstructure and properties of zirconia-alumina composites fabricated via powder injection molding
Authors: SAELEE Nalattaporn , CHUANKRERKKUL Nutthita , WANAKAMOL Panitarn
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to fabricate zirconia-alumina composites via powder injection molding and investigated the effects of alumina addition on microstructure as well as physical properties of the composites. Zirconia-alumina composites were prepared using polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinyl butyral (PVB) as binders.  The powder loading was fixed at 38 vol%, and PEG: PVB binder weight ratio was fixed at 80:20.  Alumina content within ceramic component was varied at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 vol% to observe the effect of alumina on the composite structures and properties. The injection molding was done at 190℃ followed by water debinding of PEG at 40℃. Thermal debinding of PVB at 450℃ was performed prior to sintering at 1450℃. From the density measurement via Archimedes’ method, the relative density of sintered samples was found to be highest at 10 vol% alumina and gradually lower at higher alumina content. The condition with highest density yielded the highest flexural modulus and flexural strength.  XRD indicated that tetragonal zirconia phase coexisted with alumina when alumina was added. Above 20 vol% alumina, monoclinic zirconia was also detected. The increased porosity in samples with high alumina content, as confirmed in SEM morphological observation, correlated with lower flexural strength and lower flexural modulus.  The results illustrated the feasibility of powder injection molding in the production of zirconia-alumina composites and the optimum condition in this study was 10 vol% alumina.
Enhancing stability and antioxidant efficacy of fisetin by encapsulating as β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex with porous polylactic acid film from breath figure
Authors: PREUKSARATTANAWUT Charasphat , MANGMEE Warinyupa , PROUSOONTORN Munchumas , NISARATTANAPORN Ekasit , SIRALEARTMUKUL Krisana
Published: August 2022

This research aims to investigate the scope of fisetin (FIT)/β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) inclusion complexes with the ratios of 1:2 and 2:1 mole by means of freeze-drying, kneading and physical mixing methods (controlled process). Moreover, the complex compounds are analyzed by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The results show that the most suitable preparation method of fisetin (FIT)/β-CD complex is the freeze-drying method with the fisetin (FIT) to β-CD ratio at 1:2. The emission of FIT/β-CD was investigated and it is found that the emission rate of freeze-dried FIT/β-CD in 1:2 ratio by freeze-drying method is lower than that by kneading and physical mixing methods. These results lead to an initiation of the innovative active packaging materials with synthetic polylactic acid (PLA) porous film by breath figure (BF) method in order to entrap FIT/β-CD inclusion complex. The honeycomb structure with and without the FIT/β-CD complex were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Thereafter, the effectiveness of Antioxidant Activities (%AA) of the porous PLA films is measured by the anti-oxidation caused by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH method). The result shows that PLA entrapping complex fisetin is more effective than PLA entrapping pure fisetin, by result of 53.0% and 48.6%, respectively.
On the mechanical properties of Al/Cu-grid/Al intermetallic composite
Authors: ESSOUSSI Hamza , ETTAQI Said
Published: August 2022

The present paper deals with the experimental investigation of new process combining static compression with high temperature as a simple way to prepare new Al/Cu-grid/Al metallic composite (MC) that consists of Aluminum matrix and Copper grid acting as ductile reinforcement stacked between the Al sheets. At the stage of composite fabrication, two different thermal cycles were tested to highlight the effect of processing temperature on the layers’ adherence and the mechanical properties of the prepared composites. Consequently, the microstructural and mechanical results revealed that the compression at 630℃ for 30 min, then furnace cooled to 450℃ followed by air cooling led to improved mechanical properties and good adherence of Al sheets.
Graphene enhanced linear low-density polyethylene nanocomposites by premixing and melt compounding
Authors: WAN BUSU Wan Nazri , CHEN Ruey Shan , MOHD YUSOF Muhammad Jefri , AHMAD Sahrim
Published: August 2022

In this study, linear low-density polyethylene/graphene nanoplatelets (LLDPE/GNPs) nanocomposites were prepared from conventional melt-mixing method and our new approach; two-step premix mixing technique. Indirect mixing technique (IDT) was employed to fabricate a premix of LLDPE/ GNPs in the ratio of 80:20 wt%. The effects of GNPs loadings and the processing method of nanocomposites on the mechanical strength, decomposition temperature, crystallinity, electrical impedance and morphology were investigated. Irrespective of processing methods, the prepared nanocomposites exhibited crystalline structure due to the presence of GNPs whilst the degradation temperature was recorded to be increased with GNPs loadings that signified improved thermal stability. The inclusion of GNPs provided electrical impedance ability on LLDPE matrix as a result from the formation of conductive networks of GNPs. LLDPE/GNPs nanocomposites prepared from two-step premix mixing technique showed better mechanical properties than those of melt-mixing method. Apparently, two-step premix mixing of LLDPE/GNPs nanocomposites promoted better dispersion of GNPs in matrix based on SEM images. Our findings have proved that our new, profound technique of preparing premix before mixing could result in enhanced quality of nanocomposites that are potentially useful in packaging or electronic applications.
Efficiency of Tri-n-octylamine for the liquid-liquid extraction of Co (II) from acidic chloride medium
Authors: MISHRA Aishwarya , SWAIN Nilam , PRADHAN Sanghamitra , MISHRA Sujata
Published: August 2022

Cobalt criticality is increasing as a function of time and this concern has impelled researchers to ascertain efficient recovery schemes of cobalt. In this paper, an extraction strategy for cobalt utilizing tri-n-octyl amine (TOA) in kerosene from acidic chloride media has been developed. The extraction percentage was found to be 76.7 using 1.5M TOA. The extracted species has been formulated as (R3NH) CoCl3 based on the findings of slope analysis. Influence of various salting out agents like NH4Cl, KCl, and NaCl on the percentage extraction has been analysed and KCl emerged as beneficial for extraction. The estimated values of enthalpy change and entropy change shows that the extraction process is enthalpy driven with formation of Co (II)-TOA inner sphere complex. Kerosene as diluent was proved to be efficient in comparison to other aromatic hydrocarbons for the extraction of Co under the present experimental conditions. In order to examine the interaction between cobalt and TOA, FTIR analysis has been carried out. The changes in absorption peak position of functional groups confirmed binding of TOA with Co (II).
Eco-friendly lake pigment from sappanwood: Adsorption study and its application as natural colorant for natural rubber toy balloon
Authors: SIRIRAK Jitnapa , SUPPHARATTHANYA Ployphat , CHANTHA Kedsarin , GIRDTHEP Sutinee , CHAYABUTRA Supanee
Published: August 2022

Due to the awareness of the impact of synthetic dye on human health and the environment, natural dye and lake pigment have attracted considerable attention from researcher. Herein, pink−red lake pigment from sappanwood was prepared using adsorption approach. The effects of initial pH, pH and concentration of brazilein solution, dosage of aluminium hydroxide, and adsorption time on adsorption were also explored. Results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of 30 mg g-1 was achieved when 0.25%w/v of aluminium hydroxide and 100 mg L-1 of brazilein solution were applied. The adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm fitted the pseudo second order model and Langmuir isotherm, respectively. Additionally, this lake pigment can be utilized as a natural colorant for natural rubber toy balloons, which could made toy balloon safer for children than synthetic dye. Thus, our lake pigment can be an alternative choice of safe and environmental friendly colorant for products including toys.
Assessment of hydrothermal parameters on alkaline activation of fly ashes using a central composite design
Authors: SUPELANO GARCÍA Ivan , ORTÍZ OTÁLORA César Armando , PARRA VARGAS Carlos Arturo , MEJÍA GÓMEZ Julieth Alexandr
Published: August 2022

Coal fly ash (CFA) is a powder generated during combustion of coal; its improper disposal constitutes an environmental issue. To minimize this problem, one of the uses of CFA is as feedstock for production of zeolite. Different studies have shown that zeolites may be easily obtained from CFA by relatively cheap and fast conversion processes. Most of these studies have been focused on the study of the zeolite synthesis using classical methods through changing one factor per time and fixing the other factors, where it illustrates the impact of each variable individually via a huge number of experiments, however it doesn’t consider the effect of the interaction between different factors under study.
This study aims to evaluate the effects of hydrothermal synthesis parameters, time of activation (t), temperature of synthesis (T) and concentration of alkaline activator ([NaOH]), on the formation of zeolite. Morphological and structural properties were determined through scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The experiments were designed through a central composite design. The results revealed that 4M NaOH, 90℃ and time synthesis of 36 h were the conditions for a higher conversion of CFA into sodalite, furthermore, it was obtained P1-Na and losod as zeolite phases.
The enhancement of ethanol gas sensors response based on calcium and zinc co-doped LaFeO3/Fe2O3 thick film ceramics utilizing yarosite minerals extraction as Fe2O3 precursor
Authors: SUHENDI Endi , AMANDA Zeany Luckyta , ULHAKIM Muhamad Taufik , SETIAWAN Andhy , SYARIF Dani Gustaman
Published: August 2022

A gas sensor is a renewed interest of research which has been developed to make a device that can be detected the harmful gases and applied in the several fields of industries. In this paper, we report the modified of gas sensor based thick film ceramic LaFeO3/Fe2O3 by added calcium and zinc co-doping prepared by screen-printed technique. In this work, yarosite mineral was utilized as Fe2O3 precursor. It aims to take the advantages of abundance natural resources in Indonesia to save a cost in gas sensor fabrication. Then, x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrical properties characterization were applied to the calcium and zinc co-doped LaFeO3/Fe2O3-based thick film ceramics. It is obtained that the crystal structures were cubic with crystallite size at about 51.19 nm and 48.17 nm. SEM images informed that calcium and zinc co-doped caused the larger pores of LaFeO3/Fe2O3. It indicates that the gas sensors shows a response to the ethanol gases. Lastly, calcium and zinc co-doped can be a potential candidate to enhance the highly performance of gas sensors. Moreover, yarosite mineral also can be used to develop the future perspectives of ethanol gas sensors.
Improvement of alkali resistance of glass fiber from basalt and lignite bottom ash mixture by addition of ZrO2 content
Authors: THEERAPAPVISETPONG Apirat , KWANPANNGAM Phraethong , TAMRONGWONGWI Thanapat
Published: August 2022

In this work, silica-rich basalt from Chai Badan, Lopburi province was melted with lignite bottom ash from Mae Moh power plant as fluxing agent. To improving the alkali resistance, the series of glass batch samples were varied amount of ZrO2 content by 0 wt% to 10 wt%. The batches were melted at 1500℃ and drawn into a fiber. The results found that the alkali resistance of basalt fiber sample increase with increasing of ZrO2 content up to 7.5 wt% ZrO2. The sample with 7.5 wt% ZrO2 performed the highest alkali resistance, while the sample with 5 wt% ZrO2 obtained the highest tensile strength. The alkali resistance of these basalt fibers was given by a formation of stable hydrated zirconium-rich layer retarding the preinitiation of OH- inside the surface. The corrosion of shell thickness of higher ZrO2 content fiber increased at a slower rate according to its higher alkali resistance. The excess addition of ZrO2 content up to 10 wt% in glass composition resulted in an increase of brittleness and weakness of the fiber caused by a defect from undissolved ZrO2 crystal in a fiber and its solubility limit.
Investigations on phase coexistence and functional properties of BCZT lead-free piezoceramic
Authors: Tangsritrakul Jirapa , Sonkami Thiyanee , Wichittanakom Chumpon , Dokkhan Chotiros , Wiroonpochit Panithi
Published: August 2022

Large piezoelectric properties was observed in (1-x)BZT-(x)BCT where x=0.5 or Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.9Zr0.1O3 (denoted as BCZT), leading to a promising candidate for lead-free piezoelectric materials. However, phase formation of the BCZT is controversial and still unclear since various phase coexistences were identified in the literatures, for instances, the mixed phases of rhombohedral-tetragonal (R-T), ortho-rhombic-tetragonal (O-T) or rhombohedral-orthorhombic-tetragonal (R-O-T). Additionally, it is well known that the crystal structure plays a crucial role on the occurrence of polarization in the piezoceramics. Therefore, this work aims to investigate the coexistence of phase formation at room temperature for the BCZT powder and ceramic. Moreover, the electrical properties as a function of temperature, frequency and electric field were observed in order to evaluate the extrinsic contribution of piezoelectric response. It was found that, according to the results from temperature-dependent dielectric properties as well as Rietveld refinement of XRD profiles, the coexistence of O-T phase was observed in the BCZT powder and ceramic. Furthermore, the enhancement of Ca2+ substitution into Ba2+ site in BCZT ceramic caused the shrinkage of unit cell, leading to the shift of XRD profile and Raman spectra. In addition, it was found that the applications of frequency and electric field can influence on changes of domain-wall motion and micro-polar cluster in the BCZT piezoceramic.
Development and characterization of SiC fiber reinforced B4C composite
Authors: Sonber Jitendra Kumar , Majumdar Sanjib , Kain Vivekanand
Published: August 2022

This study is conducted to investigate the effects of silicon carbide short fiber (SiCf) reinforcement on processing and properties of boron carbide ceramic. Studies have been carried out on the hot pressing, mechanical property measurement, microstructure evolution and oxidation study of SiCf reinforced B4C composite. B4C-SiCf composites have been prepared by hot pressing at 1950℃ with varying SiCf content in the range of 10 vol% to 30 vol%. All the composites are densified to near theoretical density. It is noticed that hardness of composite is decreased and fracture toughness of composite is increased by addition of SiC fiber. Hardness of the composites are found in the range of 32 GPa to 38 GPa. Fracture toughness of the composites are obtained to be higher than that of the monolithic boron carbide. The values are measured in the range of 4.3 MPa⋅m-½ to 5.1 MPa⋅m-½. In microstructure evolution it is found that SiC fibers are uniformly distributed throughout the matrix. The developed B4C-SiCf composites have been found to have good resistance to oxidation at 800℃ in air.
Studying molecular evolution using tools of bioinformatics: an example from maize starch biosynthetic pathway
Authors: Ghatak V , Ghosh P D
Published: August 2022

Various tools and techniques of bioinformatics are used to reveal the evolutionary pattern and chronology of different phylogenetic events in the evolutionary history of an organism. n maize, shrunken, brittle, waxy and sugary mutants all results from anomalies in the starch biosynthetic pathway. The genes responsible are shl, bt2,wxl and sul respectively. The present article explores and depicts an outline of computer application based methods adopted in a standard molecular phylogenetic analysis using sequence data of these gene products controlling different steps of maize starch biosynthetic pathway. Several such methods namely MSA, PSI-BLAST, Maximum Likelihood analysis and UPGMA analysis reveals that shrunkenl, waxyl and sugaryl have evolutionary rates ranging in between 0.001-0.003 substitutions per Site. Non-synonymous substitution (as polymorphism is analysed using protein sequences) substitution rate is much slower in brittle2 (0.0006). The divergence times between the ancestors of Sorghum and Maize teosinte lineage has been calculated from these non-synonymous substitution rates. MEME analyses and distribution of motifs in these sequences and their homologues suggest changes (duplication and rearrangements) in the genetic material after Sorghum-maize split.
Free radical scavenging activity of ornamental and edible cultivars of Canna found in Eastern India
Authors: Mishra T , Goyal A K , Mondal P , Sen A
Published: August 2022

Canna, the only genus of family Cannaceae, found in eastern India have gained economic importance for their starchy rhizomes and attractive flowers. The rhizome of some edible cultivars are consumed as food and herbal medicines in rural areas. The presence of total phenols, flavonoids and DPPH scavenging activity of both cold and hot extracts and their correlations have been studied for eleven cultivars of Canna spp. Antioxidants, quercetin and gallic acid equivalence of phenolic compounds were determined spectrophotometrically. It has been found that total phenol, flavonoids and DPPH free radical scavenging activity were higher in hot extracts than in cold. Further studies gave an idea about the correlation between phenol and flavonoid contents of both cold and hot extracts, but both the above said parameters were not correlated with DPPH scavenging activity. Finally it can be concluded that higher DPPH scavenging activities in all these Canna cultivars may not be due to the presence of endogenous phenols and flavonoids but these may be due to any other phytochemicals.
An ethno-medicobotanical investigation among Rava tribe of Jalpaiguri district
Authors: Bose Debadin
Published: August 2022

This work deals with the ethnomedicobotanical use of various plant species by Rava community residing in Jalpaiguri district. This kind of approach is rather sporadic not only in this region but also to other parts of the India. Here ethnomedicinal uses of 41 selected plant species, which are generally used by the Rava people, have been described. This study reveals some interesting information about the mode of the use ot these plants which may form the basis of primary health care system of Rava community. This knowledge would be an excellent addition to the current knowledge of folk medicine and may opens a new horizon in the field of ethnobotany and ethnomedicine.
Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of Plagiochasma appendiculatum Lehm. et Lindenb against pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Khanam Rubina , Chaudhary B L , Khanam S
Published: August 2022

The in vitro antibacterial activity of whole thallus of Plagiochasma appendiculatum and its fractions petroleum ether, benzene, acetone, methanol, ethanol, and aqueous extracts were tested against the growth of four human pathogenic gram negative bacteria namely Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and two gram positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus using agar well diffusion technique. The plant showed significant antibacterial activity against almost all the organisms. The maximum antibacterial activity was observed in methanolic extract against Escherichia coli and minimum activity was observed in petroleum ether extract against Staphylococcus aureus. The phytochemical analysis of the extract indicated the presence of saponin, flavonoids, and sesquiterpenes. The inhibitory effect of the extract was compared with standard antibiotics, streptomycin.
Ambidexterity, organizational structure, and types of innovations in technological R&D institutes in Brazil
Authors: Franklin Marcos Antonio , Popadiuk Silvio
Published: August 2022

Objective: This study examines how the organizational structure - mechanistic or organic - and exploration and exploration can contribute to explaining the radical and incremental innovations in research and development institutes (PD) of technology, aimed at products and services related to the Internet, software, hardware, telecommunications (Telecom), information technology (IT) and automation.Methodology: The research was carried out in two phases: Qualitative with four case studies, two cases of national institutes, one private and one public, and two multinational private institutes located in Brazil. The quantitative used a closed questionnaire applied to 17 institutions.Originality / Relevancy: A justification for the selection of TRDI based on the fact that the literature on exploration, exploitation, organizational structure, and innovation shows that the areas of PD of organizations, as well as high technology businesses, must be structured organically. Due to the need for decentralization, more fluid communications, greater autonomy, and the creation of knowledge are necessary as you flourish in turbulent and unstable environments.Main results: The results will reveal a predominance of the organic model in 19 two 21 institutes studied, using both stages. However, it seems that, despite strong guidance for the organic model, there are elements of the mechanistic model: the ability to combine bureaucracy will lose the necessary flexibility. This study reveals that when two models of organizational structures and exploration and exploitation are discussed, there is a gap between theory and application.Theoretical/methodological contributions: The study describes the analysis of the position of institutes in relation to obtaining, generating, and implementing expertise, examining how their organizational structures are configured to carry out related activities in a suitable way for exploration, exploration, and development of innovation in development. you root and increase.Social contributions / for management: In practical terms, this study is relevant because it allows managers and government institutions to establish and implement innovative policies and procedures in this type of technology center. These implications are related to decision-making processes, knowledge creation, guidance for exploration, exploration, ambidexterity, and types of innovation. Consequently, it can be presumed that the organizational structure of these orientations can be mixed. By these arguments, we understand that innovation, ambidexterity (exploration and exploitation), and organizational structure have a strong relationship.
Central Pontine Myelinolysis as a Result of Ideally Corrected Hyponatremia in a Post-Covid Patient
Authors: GURBUZ Julide , TASLİDERE Bahadir , EMİN Ahmet , SONMEZ Ertan
Published: August 2022

Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) is a non-inflammatory neurological condition with various clinical features and onset patterns and also with a very wide prognostic spectrum ranging from asymptomatic cases to encephalopathy and mortality. In this case report we, aim to present the first case of central pontine myelinolysis as a result of an optimally corrected hyponatremia in a post-COVID-19 patient our knowledge while assessing the clinical and radiological findings.
PEMBERDAYAAN KETERAMPILAN MELALUI PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN PRODUK HASIL PERTANIAN SEBAGAI UPAYA MENINGKATKAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT
Authors: Safrizal  , Nuryirwan  , M. Hafizh Anbiya  , Egidiah Amalia  , Rudi Antoro  , Jeni Idia  , Yola Gusti Anthoni  , Ade Dwi Lestari
Published: August 2022

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilakukan sebagai bentuk kepedulian akan pentingnyapeningkatan ekonomi masyarakat, sebagai upaya dalam mengatasi kemiskinan melalui pelatihanketerampilan masyarakat. Kegiatan ini dilakukan pada pekon Margomulyo, Air Naningan, Tanggamus,Kabupaten Lampung. Pengabdian ini melibatkan Ibu-ibu PKK, dan masyarakat setempat, dengan metodedemonstrasi (praktek) dan pendampingan, dengan tahapan survey, sosialisasi, pelatihan dan evaluasi sertatindak lanjut.. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini menunjukan dengan adanya pelatihanketerampilan masyarakat mampu membuat produk atas hasil pertanian masyarakat, dan terciptanyapackaging kemasan produk hasil keterampilan, serta siap untuk dilakukannya pemasaran.