bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Harmonic Prediction and Power Quality Improvementusing Intelligent Hybrid Strategies for Grid Coordinated System
Authors: Sachdev Hira Singh
Published: January 2023

In recent times, the power demand has been increased worldwide due to industrialization and urbanization using Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs). To improve Harmonic Distortion, a Hybrid Solar and Small Hydro (HSSH) based hybrid form of the renewable energy system has been developed. However, the high penetration of varying nonlinear PHEVs loads on the grid system can impact the system's performance in terms of power loss, voltage fluctuations, power quality, and harmonic distortion. In this article, Kalman Decoupled Harmonic Power Flow (KDHPF) technique is proposed primarily to calculate the harmonic current in the grid system. Consequently, the Bessel Filter Sallen Key (BFSK) and Multiobjective Firefly Algorithm (MOFA) are projected to control the bidirectional converter's voltage and current to improve the quality of power in the coordinated grid system. The power loss, error rate, and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) have been optimized by the MOFA optimization method. The implementation of this work is done in the MATLAB/Simulink platform. Moreover, the observed simulation results are compared with various existing techniques for validating the efficiency of the proposed method in terms of reduced 3.5% of THD and 0.000142 MW of power loss. The consequences proved that the projected grid coordinated system had achieved the finest performance under diverse cases.
Oxidation behavior of spent NdFeB magnet under selective oxidation conditions
Authors: Seo Bosung , Park Hyung-Ki , Na Taewook , Park Kwangsuk
Published: January 2023

Oxidation behavior of the spent NdFeB magnet was investigated when exposed to the selective oxidation conditions to achieve effective separation of Nd element by forming an oxide form from metallic Fe one. XRD results confirmed that the selective oxidation heat treatment successfully leaded to the formation of Nd2O3 and α-Fe phases, which was ascribed to the dissociation of the Nd2Fe14B phase as a consequence of only Nd’s oxidation. The oxidation of the Nd element kept proceeding with time and temperature of the heat treatment, requiring 60 min when heat treated at 950 °C for the 100% oxidation degree based on the weight gain calculation. From the SEM analysis, it can be inferred that the oxygen diffusion for the oxidation mainly occurred through grain boundary at the initial stage and then, α-Fe lattice diffusion for inside grains. TEM analysis confirmed that the Nd2O3 formed at the early oxidation had hcp structure and only coarsening with oxidation, maintaining its structure. As the no oxidation of the Fe element did not induced diffusion barriers such as the outmost Fe2O3 layer and Fe2O3 matrix, facile oxygen diffusion through the grain boundary and α-Fe lattice was possible, leading to the activation energy for oxygen diffusion as low as 28 kJ/mol. The specific oxidation condition maintained the good microstructure for oxygen diffusion, α-Fe matrix containing submicron Nd2O3 particles, which made it possible that the good diffusion paths such as grain boundary and α-Fe lattice kept working during the oxidation.
Accuracy of seven intraocular lens power calculation formulas: according to corneal power
Authors: li jin , Huang Fang
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the influence of corneal power on the accuracy of seven intraocular lens power calculation formulas in cataract surgery.
METHODS: Retrospective case series study. A total of 336 eyes were enrolled from 336 patients undergoing uncomplicated cataract surgery. The Barrett Universal II, Emmetropia Verifying Optical V.2.0 (EVO2.0), Haigis, Kane, K6, Pearl­DGS, and SRK/T formulas were analyzed. The mean prediction error, absolute prediction error, mean absolute prediction error, median absolute error (MedAE), and the percentage of eyes with a prediction error (PE) within ±0.25 D, ±0.50 D, ±0.75 D, ±1.00 D and ±2.00 D were calculated.
RESULTS: Across the entire cohort, the K6 formula had the lowest MedAE (0.23 D) and the highest percentage of eyes within ±0.50 D (80.06%). In the flat corneal power group (mean of the keratometry reading ≤ 43.0 D), the EVO2.0 (optional) and Kane (all) formulas had the highest percentage of eyes with a PE within ±0.50 D (86.15%). In the steep corneal power group (mean of the keratometry reading ≥ 46.0 D), the K6, EVO2.0 (all), and EVO2.0 (optional) formulas had the highest percentage of eyes with a PE within ±0.50 D (all were 83.33%).
CONCLUSIONS:Overall, the new-generation formulas performed better in eyes with extreme corneal power, particularly the EVO2.0 (optional) formula with flat corneal power and the K6 formula with steep corneal power. Both the old and new formulas displayed similar accuracy in eyes with medium corneal power.
Systemic and mucosal adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 during the Omicron wave in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Ingelman-Sundberg Hanna , Blixt Lisa , Wullimann David , Wu Jinghua , Gao Yu , Healy Katie , Muschiol Sandra , Bogdanovic Gordana , Åberg Mikael , Kjellander Christian , Grifoni Alba , Sette Alessandro , Aleman Soo , Chen Puran , Blennow Ola , Hansson Lotta , Ljunggren Hans-Gustaf , Chen Margaret Sällberg , Buggert Marcus , Österborg Anders
Published: January 2023

Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) were at high risk early in the COVID-19 pandemic. The Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant is considered less aggressive, but a significant fatality rate was recently reported from CLL register studies. Here we report on Omicron hybrid immunity in CLL after vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 followed by disease. Post-infection systemic and mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed in patients with CLL (n = 38) during the Omicron BA.1/BA.2 time-period. Most patients (30/38, 79%) had received 3 to 4 vaccine doses, yet median anti-Spike antibody titers were 0 U/mL (range 0–6,528) at the onset of infection. Significantly elevated serum antibody levels were observed post-infection (p = 0.0027 vs baseline) to a median of 3,145 U/mL (range 0->25 000) which correlated with inhibition of Spike-ACE2 binding. Low convalescent IgA responses were noted in both saliva and serum in patients with ongoing BTKi/BCL-2i therapy compared with early-stage untreated patients (p = 0.010; p = 0.051). Post-Omicron CD4 + and CD8 + T cell responses were observed at levels similar to those of healthy donors. Forty-seven percent of the patients required hospitalization but there was only one possibly related death. Broad immunity was observed in patients with CLL following Omicron infection. Impaired mucosal immunity during BTKi therapy requires further studies.
Readily recyclable, high-performance catalyst-free tung oil-derived vitrimer and carbon fiber reinforced composites
Authors: Li Wenbin , Xiao Laihui , Zhang Kun , Huang Jinrui , Wang Yigang , Chen Jie , Nie Xiaoan
Published: January 2023

Carbon fiber-reinforced composites (CFRCs) derived from thermosetting resins and carbon fibers are widely used in aerospace, civil engineering, and sport equipment. However, CFRCs have an undegradable resin matrix and nondestructive recycling of carbon fibers. To address this dilemma, we prepared readily recyclable, high-performance catalyst-free tung-oil-derived vitrimer and CFRCs from tung-oil-based acid curing agents (named as TTMA) and bisphenol A epoxy resin (DGEBA) or 4,4'-methylenebis (N, N-diglycidylaniline) (TGDOM). DGEBA/TGDOM-TTMA networks with plentiful ester bonds, hydroxyl groups, and tertiary amine without extra catalyst can undergo topological rearrangement of cross-linked networks via dynamic transesterification reactions at high temperature. Thus, the epoxy resin matrix of CFRCs has excellent mechanical property, thermostability, and can be easily reprocessed, self-healed, and degraded at elevated temperatures. TGDOM-TTMA has good stress relaxation properties owing to the high concentrations of hydroxyl and tertiary amine. What's more, carbon fibers can be completely recycled from CFRCs using the ethanolamine via amidation reaction, where the recycled carbon fibers maintained nearly 100% of the mechanical properties from the virgin samples. The theoretical implications of this work lie on offering a sustainable and convenient strategy for designing readily recyclable and high-performance CFRCs.
Characterization of a novel mitovirus in Curvularia fungus isolated from pear
Authors: Xu Qingeng , Yin Mengxue , Chen Jiao , Yumeng Yin , Ye Liangchao , Xu Wenxing
Published: January 2023

A double-stranded RNA virus termed Curvularia thermal tolerance virus was identified in fungus Curvularia protuberata, conferring thermal tolerance to the host fungus and tropical panic grass, while no other mycoviruses have characterized in this fungal genus. Here, a mitovirus, tentatively named Curvularia pseudobrachyspora mitovirus 1 (CpMV1), was detected by high-throughput sequencing (HTS) approach in Curvularia pseudobrachyspora isolated from a pear leaf, and its full genome was determined by Sanger sequencing of the RT-PCR amplification products of the assembled contigs and the terminal regions determined by rapid amplification of cDNA ends. CpMV1 is 2497 nucleotides (nt) in length excluding the poly (A) tail and contains an open reading frame (ORF), which encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) with 724 amino acids when the fungal mitochondrial genetic code is used. A BLASTp search revealed that CpMV1 RdRp shares high amino acid sequence identities (33.84–75.94%) with those of other mitoviruses. Phylogenetic analysis based on RdRps indicated that CpMV1 is a new member under Unuamitovirus of the family Mitoviridae, with the closest relationship with Plasmopara viticola lesion associated mitovirus 6 and Alternaria brassicicola mitovirus. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a mitovirus infecting Curvularia fungi.
Escape behaviors in prey might have underlain the evolution of pennaceous plumage in predatory dinosaurs
Authors: Jablonski Piotr , Park Jinseok , Son Minyoung , Park Jeongyeol , Bang Sang Yun , Ha Jungmoon , Moon Hyungpil , Lee Yuong-Nam , Lee Sang-im
Published: January 2023

Numerous non-avian dinosaurs possessed pennaceous plumage in the proto-wing and tail1, whose function remains unclear. We hypothesize that they might have been used during hunting that resembles avian flush-pursuers, who use wing/tail displays to flush hidden prey and pursue it2,3. Using a dinosaur robot, we confirmed that efficiency in flushing grasshoppers by moving forelimbs and tail increased when proto-wings were present, especially distally and with contrasting pattern, and when caudal plumage (tail feathers), especially of large surface, was present. Responses of grasshopper escape neurons to animations of distal proto-wing displays matched the observed escape behavior. Hence, the surface of stiff pennaceous feathers might have evolved to exploit the sensitivity of prey escape pathways and to help dinosaurs aerodynamically in quick maneuvers during pursuits after prey.
Characterization of a stable QTL for tiller number at the seedling stage in wheat landrace Yanda 1817
Authors: Yang Jian , Zhang Yu'e , Hu Weiguo , Zhou Yanjie , Wang Xicheng , Zhao Hong , Zhou Shenghui , Liu Zhiyong , Cao Tingjie
Published: January 2023

Effective tillers contribute to yield through adjusting population structure and affect 1000-kernel weight and kernel number per spike, which are favorable for wheat (Triticum aestivum) improvement. Wheat landraces show strong tillering ability and thus considerable potential for utilization in breeding. In this study, tiller number under nutrient solution condition was evaluated for 269 wheat recombinant inbred lines and their parents: the modern cultivar Beinong 6 and the landrace Yanda 1817, which exhibit strong tillering ability. A stable QTL,qTN-7B.1, significant in three independent experiments, was mapped between genetic markerXgwm333and7ABD_wsnp_be518436B_Ta_2_1. The positive allele ofqTN-7B.1was from Yanda 1817, explained 10.21%-18.89% phenotypic variations. Pathway enrichment among tiller-bud transcriptome data for the two parents suggested that tillering ability was mainly associated with lignin biosynthesis and energy metabolism. Comparative genomic indicated that wheat homologous geneTaMoc1-7Bwas located inqTN-7B.1but was excluded for candidate since no high-impact sequence variations between parents and no transcript abundance during tiller bud development. Compared with published QTL for tiller suggested thatqTN-7B.1was most likely the novel. Further analysis the differentially gene expression analysis and variant through transcriptome data identified 33 nonsynonymous SNVs on 20 DEGs. In particular,TraesCS7B02G282100encoded cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase crucially in lignin biosynthesis that the expression level of Beinong 6 exhibited 3.179-fold up-regulated and a synonymous SNP at conserved domain between parents, Therefore,TraesCS7B02G282100was considered as candidate gene. Based on this SNP, a KASP marker was developed that anchored withinqTN-7B.1genetic region. This study laid the foundation for map-based cloning ofqTN-7B.1and provided genetic marker for plant architecture improvement through molecular breeding.
The Effect of Family-Centered Empowerment Model Based on Mucosal Management on the Quality of Life of Children with Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy
Authors: Farsani Nasim Heidari , Moghaddasi Jafar
Published: January 2023

Introduction Inflammation of the oral mucosa is one of the conventional side effects of chemotherapy, affecting the patient's acceptance and treatment process. Hence, the knowledge regarding the complication and the methods to prevent them helps improve the course of treatment, prevent frequent hospitalizations, and survive these patients. The current study aims to implement the family-centered empowerment model based on mucositis management on the quality of life of children with cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Method A randomized study is presented in this paper that is conducted on 60 parents of children with cancer undergoing chemotherapy. These children were referred to Shahrekord Kashani Hospital in 2019–2020. The authors received informed consent from the parents who also participated in the tests. The parents were selected using the available sampling method and divided into two intervention and control groups through random allocation. In the intervention group, based on the empowerment model of the Al-Hani family, the intervention's content was consolidated in person and virtual space. Whereas in the control group, routine training was provided by nurses. To collect data from the demographic information questionnaire, the children's quality of life questionnaire was considered based on the parents' point of view. Ped QL Cancer Modules were used, which were electronically provided to the control and intervention groups in the three stages before, immediately after, and three months after the end of the intervention. Besides, who oral mucositis grading scale was employed for measuring mucositis. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive, analytical, and statistical tests (frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation, and Fisher's exact test) and using SPSS23 software. Findings The obtained results revealed that the children's quality of life in the two groups immediately and three months after the intervention had a significant difference (p < 0.001). Accordingly, the quality of life of the children in the intervention group (35.12 ± 66.30) represented a significant rise (p < 0.001) compared to the control group (-4.6 ± 7.6). Conclusion The results indicated that the empowerment program could help parents discover the reality and increase awareness, ability, skill, and critical thinking. Therefore, the obtained results can prevent complicating the inflammation of the oral mucosa in children undergoing chemotherapy. Reducing hospitalization due to chemotherapy complications will improve children's quality of life.
Two novel acrylamide derivatives as corrosion inhibitors for API 5l x52 carbon steel in hydrochloric acid solution: synthesis and characterization
Authors: Fouda A. S. , Khalil E. M. , EL-Mahdy G. A. , Shaban M. M. , Mohammed A. S. , Abdelsatar N. A.
Published: January 2023

Two new acrylamide derivatives were prepared namely: “N-(bis(2-hydroxyethyl) carbamothioyl) acrylamide (BHCA) and N-((2-hydroxyethyl) carbamothioyl) acrylamide( HCA) and their chemical structures were analyzed and confirmed using IR and 1H NMR”. These chemicals were investigated as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel (CS) in 1 M HCl medium using chemical method (weight loss, WL), and electrochemical techniques including potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that the acrylamide derivatives work well as corrosion inhibitors, with inhibition efficacy (%IE) reaching 94.91–95.28% at 60 ppm for BHCA and HCA, respectively. Their inhibition depend mainly on their concentration and temperature of the solution. According to the PDP files, these derivatives function as mixed-type inhibitors that physically adsorb on the CS surface in accordance with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, creating a thin coating that shields the CS surface from corrosive fluids. The charge transfer resistance increased and the double layer capacitance (Cdl) decreased as a result of the adsorption of the used derivatives (Rct). Calculated and described were the thermodynamic parameters for activation and adsorption. Quantum chemistry computations and Monte Carlo simulations were examined and discussed for these derivatives under investigation. Validity of the obtained data was demonstrated by the confirmation of these several independent procedures.
Meshy-metal Evaporator with Enhanced Vapor Diffusion Making the Better of Environment Energy
Authors: Li Yifan , Ni Yuanying , Li Chengcheng , Wang Huihui , Wang Jieqiong , Gao Zhuwei , Wang Dun , Huang Wei , Zhang Mingxin , Shen Yijun
Published: January 2023

Solar vapor generation has attracted great attention regarding renewable energy capture and freshwater production. However, the clean water production is still limited by high heat loss and insufficient vapor diffusion at the evaporation front. Here, a meshy MoS2/Ti membrane based evaporator (MTiE) is designed to optimize the wind-assisted vapor diffusion process and realize almost no heat loss from evaporator to environment. The meshy-metal structure improves the effective evaporation area and amplifies the vapor-concentration gradient from inlet airflow to outlet airflow. Consequently, MTiE exhibits extremely-high evaporation rate of 6.4 kg m− 2 h− 1 and high-yield water rate up to 2.7 kg m− 2 h− 1 under one sun coupled with low wind speed of 0.2 m s− 1, which is among the best performance over similar evaporators. Furthermore, the flexible MTiE also exhibits excellent salt-resistant and long-term stability and performs an efficiently-continues wastewater treatment. The meshy evaporator is a potential method for capturing solar and wind energy without extra-energy input in real environment and using it to produce freshwater.
Stress-Compensated, Deformation-free Indium Tin Oxide Bilayer Electrodes for Ultrathin Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ohashi Noboru , Kaneko Ryuji , Sakai Chikako , Wasai Yoko , Higuchi Seiji , Yazawa Kenji , Tahara Hirokazu , Handa Taketo , Nakamura Tomoya , Murdey Richard , Kanemitsu Yoshihiko , Wakamiya Atsushi
Published: January 2023

The high electrical conductivity and optical transparency of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) make it an ideal electrode material for optoelectronic devices such as solar cells and light-emitting diodes. However, when ITO electrodes are fabricated on very thin plastic substrates, internal stress in the ITO layer causes wrinkles to form in the flexible plastic film. In this work, we show that stress-compensated ITO bilayers composed of an amorphous base layer and a crystalline overlayer lead to deformation-free ITO electrodes. Using these ITO bilayers deposited on 4 µm polyethylene naphthalate films, perovskite solar cells reached a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.2% with a power-to-weight ratio of 24 W g− 1. Under indoor lighting (White LED, 200 lux, 5000 K), the PCE reached 28.3%. The devices retained 95% of the original PCE after 1000 bend cycles. A 3-cell module with a designated area of 2.3 cm2 was realized with a power output of 28.1 mW and an open circuit voltage of 3.17 V.
Salt stress inhibits photosynthesis and destroys chloroplast structure by downregulating chloroplast development–related genes in Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings
Authors: Li Lingyu , Liu Xiuling , Meng Fanxia , Jiang Aijuan , Lu Chaoxia , Fan Hai , Chen Min
Published: January 2023

Soil salinization is an important factor limiting food security and ecological stability. As a commonly used greening tree species, Robinia pseudoacacia often suffers from salt stress that can manifest as leaf yellowing, decreased photosynthesis, disintegrated chloroplasts, growth stagnation, and even death. To elucidate how salt stress decreases photosynthesis and damages photosynthetic structures, we treated R. pseudoacacia seedlings with different concentrations of NaCl (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM) for 4 weeks and then measured their biomass, ion content, organic soluble substance content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, antioxidant enzyme activity, photosynthetic parameters, chloroplast ultrastructure, and chloroplast development-related gene expression. NaCl treatment significantly decreased biomass and photosynthetic parameters, but increased ion content, organic soluble substances, and ROS content. High NaCl concentrations (100-200 mM) also led to distorted chloroplasts, scattered and deformed grana lamellae, disintegrated thylakoid structure, irregularly swollen starch granules, and larger, more numerous lipid spheres. Compared to control (0 mM NaCl), the 50 mM NaCl treatment significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activity while upregulating expression of the ion transport-related genes HhNHX1 and HhSOS1 and the chloroplast development-related genes psaA, psbA, psaB, psbD, psaC, psbC, ndhH, ndhE, rps7, and ropA. Additionally, high concentrations of NaCl (100-200 mM) decreased antioxidant enzyme activity and downregulated the expression of ion transport- and chloroplast development-related genes. These results showed that although R. pseudoacacia can tolerate low concentrations of NaCl, high concentrations (100-200 mM) can damage chloroplast structure and disturb metabolic processes by downregulating gene expression.
Conjugation of Amiodarone to a Novel Cardiomyocyte Targeting Peptide for Potential Targeted Delivery to the Heart
Authors: Yurko Ray , Islam Kazi , Weber Beth , Salama Guy , Zahid Maliha
Published: January 2023

Modern medicine has developed a myriad of therapeutic drugs against a wide range of human diseases leading to increased life expectancy and better quality of life for millions of people. Despite the undeniable benefit of medical advancements in pharmaceutical technology, many of the most effective drugs currently in use have serious limitations such as off target side effects as a result of systemic toxicity. New generations of specialized drug constructs will enhance targeted therapeutic efficacy of existing and new drugs leading to safer and more effective treatment options for a variety of human ailments. As one of the most efficient drugs known for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmia, Amiodarone presents the same conundrum of serious systemic side effects associated with long term treatment. In this article we present the synthesis of a next generation prodrug construct of amiodarone for the purpose of advanced targeting of cardiac arrhythmias by delivering the drug to cardiomyocytes using a novel cardiac targeting peptide, a cardiomyocyte-specific cell penetrating peptide. Our in vivo studies in guinea pigs indicate that cardiac targeting peptide-amiodarone conjugate is able to have similar effects on calcium handling as amiodarone at 1/15th the total molar dose of amiodarone. Further studies are warranted in animal models of atrial fibrillation to show efficacy of this conjugate.
Ideal Compression Point in Fontan Circulation Patients with Dextrocardia Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: An Analysis Based on Contrast-enhanced Chest Computed Tomography
Authors: Kim Jin Hee , Jung Jae Yun , Lee Sangyun , Hwang Soyun , Park Joong Wan , Lee Eui Jun , Lee Ha Ni , Kim Do Kyun , Kwak Young Ho
Published: January 2023

We aimed to find the ideal chest compression point undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in patients with a single ventricle with dextrocardia corrected by Fontan surgery. The most recent saved chest computed tomography images of all patients 8 years or older with a single ventricle who underwent Fontan surgery were retrospectively analysed. We defined the ideal chest compression point as the largest part of the compressed single ventricle. To find the ideal chest compression point, we measured the distance from the midline of the sternum to the point of the maximum sagittal area of the single ventricle as a deviation and calculated the area fraction of the compressed structures. Fifty-eight patients (male 67.2%) were analysed. The mean right deviation from the midline of the sternum as the ideal compression point was almost like the mean sternum width (32.85 ± 15.61 vs. 31.05 ± 6.75 mm). When chest compression was performed at the ideal point, the area fraction of the single ventricle statistically significant increased by 7%, wider than conventional compression (0.15 ± 0.10 vs. 0.22 ± 0.11, p < 0.05). When performing CPR on a patient with Fontan circulation with dextrocardia, right-sided chest compression is better than the conventional location.
CCE and EODF as two distinct non-shivering thermogenesis models inducing weight loss
Authors: Xu Tianyi , Wang Juan , Shi Hongwei , Wei Xiaofang , Zhang Huiling , Ji Yunyan , Lu Shiting , Yan Yi , Yu Xiuju , Luo Xiaomao , Wang Haidong
Published: January 2023

Increasing energy expenditure and reducing energy intake are considered two classical methods to induce weight loss. Weight loss through physical methods instead of drugs has been a hot research topic nowadays, but how these methods function in adipose and cause weight loss in body remains unclear. In this study, we set up chronic cold exposure (CCE) and every other day fasting (EODF) as two distinct models in long-term treatment to induce weight loss. They showed their own characteristics in energy expenditure and metabolism. We demonstrated that CCE and EODF caused different types of thermogenic programs in white and brown adipose depots whether through Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS), Creatine-driven or FGF21-adiponectin axis. In this study, we further explained that thermogenic mechanisms function in adipose and metabolic benefits of the stable phenotype through physical treatments used for weight loss, providing more details for the study on weight-loss models.
BDS dual-frequency carrier phase multipath MHM model and its application in real deformation monitoring scenario
Authors: Zhang Qiuzhao , Sun Ao , Gao Xingwang , Meng Xiaolin , Zhang Yunlong , Hancock Craig
Published: January 2023

The BDS multipath delay error is highly related to the surrounding monitoring environment, which cannot be eliminated or mitigated by establishing the double difference observation model. In the actual monitoring environment, due to the complexity of the BDS constellation, it is difficult for existing algorithms to consider GEO, IGSO, MEO and other different orbital types of satellites for real-time and efficient multipath error reduction. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel BDS dual-frequency multipath error reduction method for real deformation monitoring for BDS considering various satellite orbit types. This method extracts the single error residual of each satellite based on the assumption of "zero mean", and divides the appropriate grid density of GEO and IGSO\MEO respectively, to construct the dual-frequency multi-path hemispherical map model suitable for BDS satellites with different orbital types. This method can realize the multi-path error elimination of the observed values of different orbits and different frequencies. The results of simulation experiments and real deformation monitoring data demonstrate that this method can effectively eliminate low-frequency multipath delay errors in the observation domain and coordinate domain. After multipath correction, the precision of the horizontal coordinates and height coordinates is 1.7mm and 4.6mm. The precision of the horizontal coordinate and height coordinate is increased by 50% and 60% respectively. The fixed rate of ambiguity increased by 5%~7%.
Financial Management Among Selected Automotive Leaders in the EU: Essential Techniques to Investigate the Structure of Moments While Using the GMM With Dynamic Panel Data
Authors: Růčková Petra , Heryán Tomáš , Cerulli Giovanni
Published: January 2023

Despite interest in financial management, few studies have considered paying attention to the ownership structure among stockholders. Two alternative approaches related to the ownership structure are generally regarded as the leading cause of different management behaviours. First, managers should be less controlled in the case of less concentrated ownership with many owners, and thus could be more willing to not cooperate in the interests of owners. Second, vice versa, the less concentrated ownership structure causes the more pronounced control of management, and hence the pressure on its functioning. The results of this paper have proven the second approach in one country and just suggested the first among two different countries belonging to the EU leaders within the automotive industry. Furthermore, this study reveals that, without deploying techniques, subsequently introduced a modified version of GMM estimators with panel data by providing an implementation using Stata statistical software. Otherwise, these particular econometric tools to analyse a dynamic panel can often give false significant estimates.JEL classification:C58, D25, E21, G39
Variation characteristics of cervical sagittal parameters between patients with nonspecific neck pain and patients with radiculotic and cervical spondylotic myelopathy: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Liu Tao , Tian Shuo , Zhang Jianzhou , He Mengzi , Deng Longlian , Ding Wenyuan , Wang Zheng , Yang Dalong
Published: January 2023

Purpose: To compare the variation characteristics of cervical sagittal position parameters and the correlation among nonspecific neck pain(NS-NP), cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR), and cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM).
Methods: We retrospectively included 236 patients divided into three groups, NS-NP, CSR and CSM, and collected general information and cervical sagittal parameters of such kind patients. The characteristics of the variation of parameters between the size of these parameters and gender differences were analyzed. Pearson’s or Spearman’s correlation was applied to analyze the association of cervical sagittal parameters of all patients between the three groups.
Results: There exist obvious differences in age and sex among the three groups (P<0.001), among which the NS-NP group was the youngest, and NS-NP was more common in women. The parameters of cervical sagittal position were obviously different among the three groups (P<0.05). Pearson’s or Spearman’s correlation result showed that the C2-C7 Cobb angle was negatively associated with C2-C7 SVA, and the C2-C7 Cobb angle, T1s were negatively associated with the SCA angle. There was a positive correlation between the C2-C7 Cobb angle and C7s, C2-C7 SVA and T1s, C2-C7 SVA and SCA, and C7s and T1s.
Conclusion: This study found that patients with CSR and CSM had higher SCA and C2-C7 SVA, and smaller C7s, T1s, and C2-C7 Cobb angles than patients with NS-NP; however, there has no obvious difference in sagittal parameters between the two types of cervical spondylosis. The SCA, C2-C7 SVA, C7s, T1s, and C2-C7 Cobb angles all had a strong correlation. Women were more common and had greater SCA than men in NS-NP patients, and women had smaller C7s and T1s than men.
Lower Extremity Skeletal Morphology Measured by Standing Biplanar Radiographs Differs by Race and Sex
Authors: Adelzadeh Kaya A. , Garrahan Margaret A. , Gehman Sarah E. , Ackerman Kristin , Hughes Julie M. , Popp Kristin , Bouxsein Mary L.
Published: January 2023

Background
This study used bi-planar low-dose X-ray images to identify differences in lower extremity skeletal morphology by race and sex that might contribute to observed disparities in the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders.
Methods
We enrolled a multiracial cohort of young adults (n = 172) that included Asian women (n = 29) and men (n = 31), Black women (n = 28) and men (n = 27), and White women (n = 28) and men (n = 29). Low-dose anterior-posterior and lateral lower extremity X-ray images were simultaneously acquired in weight-bearing, standing position with EOS™ imaging system.
Results
While pelvic morphology did not differ significantly by race or sex, we identified differences in hip and lower extremity morphology measures between Black, White, and Asian men and women. These differences remained significant after adjusting for height and weight, factors known to influence skeletal morphology.
Conclusion
Further work is needed to determine whether these differences in skeletal morphology contribute to sex and racial disparities in musculoskeletal disorder prevalence, risk, and outcomes.
Modulation of MAPK/Nrf2-HO1/Akt-eNOS/inflammasome pathways by morin in myocardial infarction in diabetic rats
Authors: Verma Vipin Kumar , Malik Salma , Sahu Anil Kumar , Prajapati Vaishali , Bhatia Jagriti , Arya Dharamvir Singh
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Diabetes is a risk factor that predisposes to atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. The risk of myocardial infarction in diabetes is 3-4 times higher. In diabetes, high blood glucose levels lead to vascular inflammation which accelerates atherosclerosis. Hence, we evaluate the mechanism involved in the cardioprotective action of Morin in diabetic rats.
Methods: In male Wistar rats, streptozotocin (70 mg/kg; i.p.) was administered to induce diabetes and, rats with fasting blood glucose levels >400 mg/dl were considered diabetic and included in the study. These rats were divided into five groups (n=8), i.e., Normal; Diabetic-control; Diabetes+Isoproterenol (ISO); Diabetes+ISO+Morin and, Diabetes+Morin. Morin was orally administered at the dose of 40 mg/kg for 28 days and on the 27th and 28th day ISO was administered to designate groups at the dose of 85mg/kg s.c., to induce myocardial infarction.
Results: Free radical generation in diabetes as well as the rush of ROS following ISO administration leads to activation of the intrinsic as well as extrinsic pathways of apoptosis. Morin significantly (p≤0.05) reduced oxidative stress (áGSH, âMDA, áSOD), cardiac injury markers (âCK-MB, âLDH), inflammation (âTNF, âIL-6) and apoptosis (âBax, áBCl2, áCaspase-3). In addition, it also reduced serum insulin and blood glucose levels. Histopathology showed cardio-protection with morin. Akt/eNOS, Nrf2/HO-1, MAPK signalling pathways and Insulin signal transduction pathways were positively modulated by Morin pre-treatment. It also significantly modulated NLRP3 inflammasome formation.
Conclusion: Morin attenuated oxidative stress and inflammation and also modified expression of various molecular pathways to mitigate cardiomyocyte damage during ISO induced MI in diabetic rats.
Indian Licence Plate Recognition System using Deep learning and Random Forest
Authors: Sharma Nitin , Dahiya Pawan Kumar , Lalit Reema , Mittal Nitin , Gehlot Anita , Gared Fikreselam
Published: January 2023

Transportation system is the backbone of developing country. Intelligent transportation is need of today to provide better conditions to the public. Automatic licence plate system is one of the important elements of intelligent transportation system. In this paper, a novel technique for Indian license plate recognition based on deep learning and random forest is proposed. It has been evident that features are extracted from region with different input characters segmented in images of license plate so that their analysis has been carried out. Certain Features has been parametric and subjected to various characterization of license plate therefore heuristic and non-heuristic approaches are being implemented; however in this paper; deep learning random forest technique has been categorized and implemented for recognition of plate with their feature extraction mechanism. Comparative Analysis has been performed with existing techniques and results obtained from analysis that rate at which recognition of characters on basis of different features are high and more dominant relative to deep learning techniques. The proposed method performs better in evaluation of parameters subjected to automated system considering neural network with convoluted approach.
Geometric Properties of Planar and Spherical Interception Curves
Authors: Aliyev Yagub
Published: January 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Thermal and mechanical properties of biocomposites in polylactic acid and food flour waste
Authors: Papa Ilaria , Lopresto Valentina , Langella Antonio , Russo Pietro
Published: January 2023

The growing demand for food products linked to the continuous increase of the world population is unfortunately also responsible for the accumulation of huge amounts of waste often destined for incineration or disposal in landfills, representing an intolerable threat to our society in terms of environmental impact and health risks. This work aims to enhance the reuse potential of waste deriving from the process of food flours in new composite formulations based on polylactic acid and theoretically applicable in the food (packaging) and agricultural fields Samples containing up to 5% by weight of food flour waste supplied by a local pasta factory were prepared by melt compounding and analyzed both in terms of thermal and mechanical properties but also from the morphological point of view. The experimental work showed that the inclusion of food waste powders modifies the crystalline structure of the matrix making it more rigid but less tenacious with non-monotonous effects on the range of compositions explored and results are supported by morphological analysis. Among other things, the absence of interfacial adhesion affects the filler dispersion, with a consequent inversion of the trend of the mechanical parameters in tensile and bending, especially for the formulation filled with 5 wt% of food flour wastes. Further experiments are in progress to improve the polymeric formulations identified and contribute to the advancement of current knowledge regarding food waste management.
Application of a Novel Miniaturized Histopathologic Microscope for Identifying Cerebral Glioma Margins Rapidly During Surgery
Authors: Wu Weichi , Xie Baoshu , Zhang Xiaowei , Zheng Chen , Sun Huixin , Hu Tiefeng , Liu Xinman , He Kejun , Zhang Nu
Published: January 2023

Rapidly and accurately identifying glioma margins during neurosurgery has significance in reducing the recurrence rate and improving perioperative safety. The purpose of our study is to assess the clinical performance of the DiveScope, a novel handheld histopathologic microscope in rapidly differentiating glioma from normal brain tissue during neurosurgery. Prior to the application of the DiveScope to neurosurgery, we first dissected 3 experimental pigs' brains and observed them under the DiveScope in vivo. Subsequently, 32 ex-vivo specimens from 18 patients were included in the present study. The excised suspicious tissue was sequentially stained with sodium fluorescein and methylene blue and scanned with DiveScope during surgery. The adjacent tissue was sent to the department of pathology for frozen section examination. They would eventually be sent to the pathology department later for hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining for final confirmation. The positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of the device were calculated. In addition, we compared the difference in time consumption between DiveScope and frozen sections for the initial judgment. We also provided a typical case to elucidate the clinical application of the DiveScope in neurosurgery. When HE-stained sections were used as the gold standard, the sensitivity and the specificity of the DiveScope was 88.29% (95% CI: 70.8% − 97.6%) and 100% (95% CI: 39.8% − 100.0%), respectively. In contrast, the sensitivity and specificity of the frozen sections were 100% (95% CI: 87.7% − 100%) and 75% (95% CI: 19.4% − 99.4%), respectively. The AUC of the DiveScope and the frozen sections were 0.946 and 0.875 respectively, with no statistical difference(P = 0.578). Concerning time consumption, in tumorous samples with ≥ 0.8 cm in diameter, the Divescope cost 10.7 minutes on average while frozen pathology cost 41.9 minutes (p < 0.0001). For tumor samples < 0.8 cm in diameter, DiveScope cost an average of 10.7 minutes while the frozen pathology cost 50.1 minutes (p < 0.01). Compared with traditional pathologic examination of frozen sections, DiveScope was faster and displayed an equal accuracy for judging tumor margins intraoperatively.
Simulation of sliding process of Longmenshan faults zone with a span of 600k years
Authors: Shi Haoyu , Yang Changyi , Huang Fuqiong , Wang Yongjian , Xin Chubing
Published: January 2023

The relative motion between plates leads to the formation and sliding of faults. Based on the velocity of plate movement and the geometric and physical properties of the 3 faults in Longmenshan, this paper simulates the sliding process of 3 faults in the Longmenshan fault zone for 600k years, and obtains 3 characteristics of the fault sliding in the Longmenshan fault zone: the first was the time segmentation feature, before 330k years of the plate movement, the three faults were locked; F3 fault was the fast slip stage between 330k and 370k years, with an average annual dislocation of 11mm; F3 fault was the stepped slip stage between 370k and 500k years; After 500k years, F1 and F2 fault begin to slip , which the slip vertical distance of F2 was 440m between 500k and 510k years, while began to slip at a steady rate of 3.3mm/yr after 500k years. The second was that F3 has stepped slip characteristics in a specific period, and the stepped slip has obvious periodicity, with a cycle of about 10k years, every step slip was completed in a very short time, and the vertical distance of the stepped slip was between 0.7-18.0m, with an average of 7.53m, which was similar to the current Longmenshan slip characteristics. The third was that the fault slip has the characteristics of "from deep to shallow, from local to whole" , the maximum slip of the three faults occurred in the middle and lower part, that is, the depth was between 10-30km, and the overall slip of the faults was gradually realized in the later stage.
Rain water harvesting, agroforestry and goat based intensification for livelihood resilience in drought prone rainfed smallholder farming system – a case for semi-arid tropics
Authors: Palsaniya D. R. , Kumar Sunil , Das M. M. , Rai S. K. , Kumar T. Kiran , Chaudhary Manoj , Chand Khem , Ahmed Akram , Sahay C. S. , Kumar Prashant
Published: January 2023

Rainfed areas are the home of millions of resource poor farmers whose livelihood is under continuous threat due to frequent droughts. Assuring double cropping and imparting livelihood resilience to rainfed small holders is a challenge. A study was planned in this direction during 2013–2021 for livelihood resilience and sustainable intensification of rainfed small holder farming systems through rain water harvesting and agroforestry based interventions. The one hectare rainfed farming system model comprising of rain water harvesting farm pond (25 m x 20 m x 2.5 m), less water requiring food crops (groundnut–barley and sorghum–chickpea), agrihorticulture [Ziziphus mauritiana+(Sesamum indicum–Cicer arietinum)], silvipasture (Leucaena leucocephala + Tri-species hybrid grass + Stylosanthes hamata) and boundary plantation (Leucaena leucocephalaandOpuntia ficus-indica) was evaluated at on-station as well as promoted on-farm. The goat rearing potential of the above model was also estimated under intensive and semi-intensive systems. The on-station rainfed farming system module produced 4979 kg ha− 1barley equivalent yield consisting of multiple products like barley, chickpea, groundnut, Indian jujube fruits, sesame, fodder (sorghum, TSH,Stylosanthes, Leucaenadried leaf meal and spine-less fodder cactus cladodes) andGrewiafruits and resulted in 709 US$ year− 1net returns with a benefit cost ratio of 2.1. The carrying capacity of the above model was found to be 9 and 35 goat year− 1under intensive and semi-intensive rearing systems, respectively. The net returns increased by 26 and 89% with the inclusion of goat under intensive (US$ 892) and semi-intensive rearing system (US$ 1340), respectively in the rainfed farming system model. It was evident from the study that inclusion of goat, agroforestry and farm pond for rain water harvesting in the rainfed farming have resulted in higher profitability and resilience to less rainfall and its aberrations. Contrarily, the on-farm observations revealed that farmers could not take winter season crops without rain water harvesting. The rain water harvesting proved to be the key for reducing chances of crop failures due to droughts, ensuring double cropping (cropping intensity up to 200%) and sustainable intensification in rainfed areas. It can be concluded from the present study that intervention of water harvesting, agroforestry and goat in rainfed farming systems could enhance the farm productivity and profitability and impart resilience to the livelihood of rainfed farmers in semi-arid tropics.
Safety Management Systems implementation in commercial air transport industry: The United Kingdom Case Study
Authors: Apostu Emilia , Turkoglu Cengiz
Published: January 2023

This paper presents a picture of the Safety Management Systems (SMS) implementation within the United Kingdom Commercial Air Transport (UK CAT) domain, a few years after the EU regulations on SMS have been implemented within the country. Safety experts from the largest UK air operators were interviewed using the Delphi technique and the results were analysed with the Thematic Analysis, highlighting that the safety assurance pillar of the SMS is the most challenging one to be developed.
Moreover, the SMS implementation effectiveness is assessed in the moment of transitioning to a Performance based Environment within the UK, thus the collaboration between the operators and the regulator is examined because it is critically important for the identification of key risks in the systems. It is concluded that the industry is expecting additional support from the regulator for developing their SMSs above compliance requirements.