bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise da viabilidade econômico-financeira para implantação de projeto de produção de energia solar fotovoltaica em uma propriedade rural
Authors: Kruger Silvana Dalmutt , Zanella Cleunice , Barichello Rodrigo
Published: January 2023

O consumo de energia elétrica no país e no mundo está cada vez maior. Porém, cada vez mais estão escassos os recursos naturais para geração desta energia. No Brasil as usinas hidrelétricas são uma opção, porém geram grandes impactos ambientais, sendo necessário, portanto, buscar alternativas menos agressivas ao meio ambiente. Diante disso, pode-se destacar a energia solar fotovoltaica, que é uma excelente fonte de energia renovável que vem crescendo gradativamente no decorrer dos anos, pois além de ser uma fonte de energia renovável, traz inúmeros benefícios, sendo os principais o fato de ser uma fonte inesgotável e não poluente de energia. O presente estudo objetivou analisar a viabilidade econômico-financeira da energia solar fotovoltaica como uma alternativa para redução de custos em uma Propriedade Rural de Santa Catarina. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratória, através do estudo de caso em uma Propriedade Aviária, localizada no Oeste do Estado de Santa Catarina. Para a análise da viabilidade econômico-financeira da energia solar fotovoltaica foram analisados o valor presente líquido, payback descontado, valor anual uniforme equivalente e a taxa interna de retorno. Os resultados indicam que o projeto da implantação de energia solar fotovoltaica como alternativa para redução de custos e de diversificação energética é viável para o período analisado, considerando os dados projetados, com uma TMA de 10%, investimento inicial de R$ 203.914,01, com um payback descontado de 5,4 anos.
Evaluation of Nuclear Morphometry and Ki-67 Proliferative Marker in Astrocytomas: A Ambispective Study
Authors: Nanda Palak
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Astrocytomas are the commonest primary Central Nervous System (CNS) tumours. Its diagnosis is based on histopathological criteria defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) 2016 that grades astrocytoma into four grades. The subjective nature of WHO grading has prompted for more objective methods to evaluate nuclear features. Furthermore, Ki-67, a marker of cellular proliferation is a useful diagnostic tool that also helps in prognostic evaluation and to plan adjuvant therapy in astrocytomas. Aim: To evaluate the nuclear morphometry and Ki-67 proliferative marker in astrocytomas and to assess the relationship of WHO grade with proliferative activity using Ki-67 immunostaining. Materials and Methods: This ambispective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India, with a total duration of four years (October 2017 to September 2021). From 35 astrocytoma cases, Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained slides were retrieved and reviewed appropriately by two pathologists and graded using the WHO criteria. Nuclear morphometric analysis was performed on the H&E slides using Olympus BX-41 research microscope. The parameters evaluated were mean nuclear length, mean nuclear diameter, mean nuclear perimeter, mean nuclear area, Mean Nuclear Roundness Factor (MNRF) and mean nuclear ellipse form. The cases were then stained with Ki-67 antibody. The relationships between WHO grade of astrocytoma and nuclear morphometry and WHO grade with proliferative index was analysed. Results: According to WHO grading, four cases were Grade 1 (11.4%), 12 grade 2 (34.3%), six grade 3 (17.1%) and 13 grade 4 (37.1%). Significant correlation was seen between WHO grading and mean nuclear length, diameter, perimeter, area and Ki-67 with p-value of less than 0.001. Conclusion: Astrocytoma is an extremely heterogeneous disease with unpredictable outcome. The widely used WHO grading is subjective, while nuclear morphometry, using computer assisted image analysis, can ensure more objective assessment. The Ki-67 index could provide valuable information and may compliment the other parameters.
Trichoscopic Aspects of Alopecia Areata in Children: A Series of 30 Cases
Authors: Kerroum S. , Zeggwagh Z. , Hmamouchi I. , Ismaili N. , Benzekri L. , Senouci K. , Meziane M.
Published: January 2023

Aims: Alopecia areata is a non-scarring autoimmune disease, quite frequent in the pediatric population. Trichoscopy plays a fundamental role in its diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic evaluation. Our objective was to describe the trichoscopic signs of alopecia areata in children while showing the most frequent signs in the pediatric population and their correlation with disease activity.

Study Design: Retrospective descriptive study.

Place and Duration of Study: Dermatology department of the CHU of Rabat Morocco over a two-year period.

Methodology: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study collecting the cases of alopecia areata in children followed in the dermatology department of the CHU of Rabat Morocco over a two-year period.

Results: A female predominance was noted (63.3%) with a sex ratio of 0.58. Concerning the antecedents, anxiety was at the top of the list with 56.7% of cases. 96.7% of the alopecia areata had been evolving for more than six months, mainly in the form of patchy alopecia 56.7%. In 60% of the children this alopecia areata was due to an emotional shock. Concerning trichoscopy the most common sign found in our study was black dots with a percentage of 80%, followed by: yellow dots 67.7%, exclamation point hair 60%, fluffy hair 53.3%, empty follicular openings 50%, tapered hair 40%, white hair 40%, angled hair 36.7%, biphasic hair 26.7%, pigtailed hair 16,7%. Sign of Pohl Pinkus has not been reported.

Conclusion: Trichoscopy is a major tool in the diagnosis of alopecia areata in the pediatric population but also in the evaluation of the severity of the disease and its prognosis.
MRI-based Brain Tumor Image Classification Using CNN
Authors: Khan Sher Shermin Azmiri , Prova Ayesha Aziz , Acharjee Uzzal Kumar
Published: January 2023

Though all brain tumors are not cancerous but they caused a critical disease produced by irrepressible and unusual dividing of cells. For the case of Medical diagnostics of many diseases, the health industry needs help, the current development in the arena of deep learning has assisted to detect diseases. In recent years medical image classification has gained remarkable attention. The most well-known neural network model for image classification problems is the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). CNN is the frequently employed machine-learning algorithm that is used in Visual learning and Image Recognition research. It is considered to derive features adaptively through convolution, activation, pooling, and fully connected layers. In our paper, we present the convolutional neural network method to determine cancerous and non-cancerous brain tumors. We also used Data Augmentation and Image Processing to classify brain (Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). We used two significant steps in our proposed system. First, different image processing techniques are used to preprocess the images and secondly we classify the preprocessed image using CNN. Brain tumor classification is a process of identifying and separating the cancerous and non-cancerous brain tissues and labeling them automatically. We use the famous machine learning algorithms Convolutional Neural Network which is broadly employed for image classifications. This experiment is conducted on a dataset of 2065 images. In our dataset number of training, examples are 1445, the number of validation examples is 310, and the number of testing example is 310. We also used data augmentation to raise the number of the dataset. We achieved a high testing accuracy of 94.39%. The proposed system displayed sufficient accuracy on the dataset and beat many of the noticeable present methods.
Modeling and Forecasting of All India Monthly Average Wholesale Price Volatility of Onion: An Application of GARCH and EGARCH Techniques
Authors: Pushpa . , Sanjeev . , Preeti . , Dahiya Pankaj
Published: January 2023

The study utilized log returns of all India monthly average wholesale prices(Rs/Q) of onion over period Jan-2010 to Dec-2021 and employed the autoregressive integrated moving-average (ARIMA), generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic (GARCH), exponential GARCH (EGARCH) and threshold GARCH (TGARCH) modeling techniques with different error distribution such as normal and student-t. Lagrange multiplier test has been applied to detect the presence of autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic (ARCH) effect. The Ljung-Box test has been used for testing the autocorrelation exists in a time series. A comparative study of the above models has been done in terms of root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and R-square. The residuals of the fitted models have been used for diagnostic checking. The study has revealed that the ARMA (2,1) model is the best fitted modeling the mean equation for the log returns whereas in the variance equation, basic GARCH (1,1) and EGARCH (1,1) models with student-t innovations are appropriate in describing the symmetric and asymmetric behaviors of the log returns on the basis of smaller value of AIC (Akaike information criterion) and BIC (Bayesian information criterion).
Effect of Different Varieties and Plant Spacing on Growth Yield and Quality Attribute of Sprouting Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck)
Authors: Verma Subhash , Ram R. B. , Kumar Shani , Kishor Braj , Veersain . , Kumar Mukesh
Published: January 2023

The present experiment was conducted at Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India during the Rabi season 2019-2020. The research work was formulated to investigate the effect of different plant spacing S1 (45x45 cm), S2 (60x45 cm) and S3 (50x45 cm) and varieties (V1; Broccoli Green, V2; Pusa KTS-1 and V3; Ganesh) on different growth, yield and quality attributes in sprouting broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck) with nine treatments which designed as FRBD design. We were examined different growth parameters (plant height, number of leaves, length of leaves (cm), days to 50% curd initiation and 50% curd maturity), yield parameters such as number of auxiliary branches in broccoli, weight of curd, as well as quality parameters like curd colour, shape of curd and curd compactness. We have found the best performance in the variety of (Pusa KTS-1) with spacing (S2; 60 x 45 cm) in the most of growth, yield and quality parameters as compared to Ganesh with (S3 50 x 45 cm) and lower recorded in the variety Green Broccoli with (S1 45 x 45 cm).
The Impact of Authentic Leadership toward Employee Performance through Work Engagement and Organizational Citizenship Behavior as Mediating Variable
Authors: Fadhilah Irvanny Aulia , Heriyadi . , Daud Ilzar , Shalahuddin Ahmad , Fahruna Yulyanti
Published: January 2023

Aims: This study aims to determine the influence of authentic leadership style on employee performance through work engagement and citizenship behavior of employees as mediation. It examines the relationship between authentic leadership, work engagement, organizational citizenship behavior, and employee performance by creating a new model for the relationship between those variables and finding out whether the authentic leadership style applied in the work environment of Bank Pembangunan Daerah of West Kalimantan as a whole.

Study Design: Explanatory Research.

Place and Duration of Study: We conduct this research from July 2022 to December 2022 at PT. Bank Pembangunan Daerah of West Kalimantan (Bank Kalbar). We start by finding phenomena and problems, surveying the object related to the problems, making conceptual frameworks, interviews, and distributing questionnaires.

Methodology: The form of research used is quantitative research. The method of collecting the data is by using a questionnaire which is responded to by 263 respondents with a targeted sampling technique. Using the structural equation model (SEM) on the AMOS 24 tool.

Results: The results of this study indicate that authentic leadership has a positive and significant influence on employee performance, work engagement, and employee citizenship behavior. In addition, work engagement and citizen behavior play a mediating role that shows a positive and significant influence on employee performance.

Conclusion: This study found that authentic leadership implemented within the scope of work in Bank Kalbar affects employee performance. Authentic leadership, owned by the leader, has the power to influence the performance of employees at Bank Kalbar. The level of work engagement and organizational citizenship behavior owned by Bank Kalbar employees strengthens the influence of authentic leadership on employee performance. However, not all leaders have a highly authentic leadership style.
Pediatric Hospitalizations for Unintentional Cannabis Poisonings and All-Cause Poisonings Associated With Edible Cannabis Product Legalization and Sales in Canada
Authors: Myran Daniel T. , Tanuseputro Peter , Auger Nathalie , Konikoff Lauren , Talarico Robert , Finkelstein Yaron
Published: January 2023

Importance

Canada legalized cannabis in October 2018 but initially prohibited the sale of edibles (eg, prepackaged candies). Starting in January 2020, some provinces permitted the sale of commercial cannabis edibles. The association of legalizing cannabis edibles with unintentional pediatric poisonings is uncertain.

Objective

To evaluate changes in proportions of all-cause hospitalizations for poisoning due to cannabis in children during 3 legalization policy periods in Canada’s 4 most populous provinces (including 3.4 million children aged 0-9 years).

Design, Setting, and Participants

This repeated cross-sectional study included all hospitalizations in children aged 0 to 9 years in Ontario, Alberta, British Columbia, and Quebec between January 1, 2015, and September 30, 2021.

Exposures

Prelegalization (January 2015 to September 2018); period 1, in which dried flower only was legalized in all provinces (October 2018 to December 2019); and period 2, in which edibles were legalized in 3 provinces (exposed provinces) and restricted in 1 province (control province) (January 2020 to September 2021).

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the proportion of hospitalizations due to cannabis poisoning out of all-cause poisoning hospitalizations. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and Poisson regression models.

Results

During the 7-year study period, there were 581 pediatric hospitalizations for cannabis poisoning (313 [53.9%] boys; 268 [46.1%] girls; mean [SD] age, 3.6 [2.5] years) and 4406 hospitalizations for all-cause poisonings. Of all-cause poisoning hospitalizations, the rate per 1000 due to cannabis poisoning before legalization was 57.42 in the exposed provinces and 38.50 in the control province. During period 1, the rate per 1000 poisoning hospitalizations increased to 149.71 in the exposed provinces (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 2.55; 95% CI, 1.88-3.46) and to 117.52 in the control province (IRR, 3.05; 95% CI, 1.82-5.11). During period 2, the rate per 1000 poisoning hospitalizations due to cannabis more than doubled to 318.04 in the exposed provinces (IRR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.68-2.80) but remained similar at 137.93 in the control province (IRR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.71-1.97).

Conclusions and Relevance

This cross-sectional study found that following cannabis legalization, provinces that permitted edible cannabis sales experienced much larger increases in hospitalizations for unintentional pediatric poisonings than the province that prohibited cannabis edibles. In provinces with legal edibles, approximately one-third of pediatric hospitalizations for poisonings were due to cannabis. These findings suggest that restricting the sale of legal commercial edibles may be key to preventing pediatric poisonings after recreational cannabis legalization.
Estimated Testing, Tracing, and Vaccination Targets for Containment of the US Mpox Outbreak
Authors: Chitwood Melanie H. , Kwon Jiye , Savinkina Alexandra , Walker Jo , Bilinski Alyssa , Gonsalves Gregg
Published: January 2023

This decision analytic model estimates the levels of community testing, contract tracing, and vaccination required to reduce the effective reproduction number of the mpox virus among the high-risk group of men who have sex with men.
Therapeutic Value of Drugs Frequently Marketed Using Direct-to-Consumer Television Advertising, 2015 to 2021
Authors: Patel Neeraj G. , Hwang Thomas J. , Woloshin Steven , Kesselheim Aaron S.
Published: January 2023

This cohort study assesses whether drugs with the most direct-to-consumer television advertising represent advances over existing treatments.
Racial and Ethnic Representativeness of California Medical Schools, 2021
Authors: Yee Megan H. , Kravitz Richard L.
Published: January 2023

This cross-sectional study evaluates representation of racial and ethnic groups underrepresented in medicine among students attending California medical schools based on whether the representation standard is calculated at the local, state, or national level.
Regulating Electronic Structure of Fe–N4 Single Atomic Catalyst via Neighboring Sulfur Doping for High Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Ren Longtao , Liu Jun , Zhao Yajun , Wang Yan , Lu Xiwen , Zhou Mingyue , Zhang Guoxin , Liu Wen , Xu Haijun , Sun Xiaoming
Published: January 2023

Constructing high performance electrocatalysts for lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) adsorption and fast conversion is the effective way to boost practical energy density and cycle life of rechargeable lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries, which have been regarded as the most promising next generation high energy density battery but still suffering from LiPSs shuttle effect and slow sulfur redox kinetics. Herein, a single atomic catalyst of Fe–N4 moiety doping periphery with S (Fe–NSC) is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated to enhance LiPSs adsorption and facilitated sulfur conversion, due to more charge density accumulated around Fe–NSC configuration relative to bare Fe–N4 moiety. Thereafter, the graphene oxide supported Fe–NSC catalyst (Fe–NSC@GO) is modified to the commercial separator through a simple slurry casting method. Thus, Li–S cells with Fe–NSC@GO modified separators display high discharge capacity and excellent cyclability, showing 1156 mAh g−1 at 1 C rate and a low capacity decay of only 0.022% per cycle over 1000 cycles. Even with a high sulfur loading of 5.1 mg cm−2, the cell still delivers excellent cycling stability. This work provides a fresh insight into electrocatalyst structural tuning to improve the electrochemical performance of Li–S batteries.
High‐Performance Ultraviolet Photodetectors Enabled by van der Waals Schottky Junction Based on TiO2 Nanorod Arrays/Au‐Modulated Ti3C2Tx MXene
Authors: Luo Guangcan , Zhang Ziling , Wang Jun , Huang Meng , Long Yuchen , Liu Yang , Zeng Zixin , Wang Yunfan , Zou Jihua , Ren Aobo , Luo Shengyun , Yang Yinye , Li Wei , Lin Hong , Zhao Dewei
Published: January 2023

Two‐dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) show tremendous potential for optoelectronic devices due to their excellent electronic properties. Here, a high‐performance ultraviolet photodetector based on TiO2 nanorod arrays/Ti3C2Tx MXene van der Waals (vdW) Schottky junction by all‐solution process technique is reported. The Ti3C2Tx MXene modulated by the Au electrode increases its work function from 4.41 to 5.14 eV to form a hole transport layer. Complemented by the dangling bond‐free surface of Ti3C2Tx, the Fermi‐level pinning effect is suppressed and the electric‐field strength of the Schottky junction is enhanced, which promotes charge separation and transport. After applying a bias of −1.5 V, the photovoltaic effect is favorably reinforced, while the hole‐trapping mechanism (between TiO2 and oxygen) and reverse pyroelectric effect are largely eliminated. As a result, the responsivity and specific detectivity of the device with FTO/TiO2 nanorod arrays/Ti3C2Tx/Au structure reach 1.95 × 105 mA W−1 and 4.3 × 1013 cm Hz1/2 W−1 (370 nm, 65 mW cm−2), respectively. This work provides an effective approach to enhance the performance of photodetectors by forming the vdW Schottky junction and choosing metal electrodes to modulate MXene as a suitable charge transport layer.
Fluorinated Covalent Organic Framework as a Positive Tribo‐Material for High‐Performance Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Shi Lin , Kale Vinayak S. , Tian Zhengnan , Xu Xiangming , Lei Yongjiu , Kandambeth Sharath , Wang Yizhou , Parvatkar Prakash T. , Shekhah Osama , Eddaoudi Mohamed , Alshareef Husam N.
Published: January 2023

Along with the increasingly wide application of intelligent electronics, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), as a promising sustainable micro‐power source has attracted considerable attention recently. However, most of the reported research focuses on negative triboelectric materials, while research on alternative positive tribo‐layers is still limited. In this study, a new highly fluorinated covalent organic framework (COF) Tp‐TFAB is successfully synthesized and utilized as positive triboelectric materials for high‐performance TENGs. Unusually, compared with the non‐fluorinated Tp‐TAPB COF, both the pristine Tp‐TFAB COF and corresponding hybrid films with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based TENGs demonstrate much higher triboelectric performance. Especially, a PVC‐PVA/FTC TENG composed of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and hybrid PVA/Tp‐TFAB (PVA/FTC) films reveal much superior triboelectric performance with a short‐circuit current density of 26.34 mA m−2, a transferred charge density of 148.5 µC m−2, and a maximum peak power density of 8.24 W m−2, nearly six times higher than that of the PVC‐PVA TENG. Detailed investigations revealed that the fluorinated Tp‐TFAB COF has enhanced electron donating ability, which significantly boosts the triboelectric output of TENGs. This study provides an effective strategy of chemically designing and synthesizing new alternative triboelectric materials, which will pave the way to significantly enhance the triboelectric performance of TENGs.
Seeding and Emergence of Composite Skyrmions in a van der Waals Magnet
Authors: Powalla Lukas , Birch Max T. , Litzius Kai , Wintz Sebastian , Yasin Fehmi S. , Turnbull Luke A. , Schulz Frank , Mayoh Daniel A. , Balakrishnan Geetha , Weigand Markus , Yu Xiuzhen , Kern Klaus , Schütz Gisela , Burghard Marko
Published: January 2023

Topological charge plays a significant role in a range of physical systems. In particular, observations of real‐space topological objects in magnetic materials have been largely limited to skyrmions – states with a unitary topological charge. Recently, more exotic states with varying topology, such as antiskyrmions, merons, or bimerons and 3D states such as skyrmion strings, chiral bobbers, and hopfions, have been experimentally reported. Along these lines, the realization of states with higher‐order topology has the potential to open new avenues of research in topological magnetism and its spintronic applications. Here, real‐space imaging of such spin textures, including skyrmion, skyrmionium, skyrmion bag, and skyrmion sack states, observed in exfoliated flakes of the van der Waals magnet Fe3−xGeTe2 (FGT) is reported. These composite skyrmions may emerge from seeded, loop‐like states condensed into the stripe domain structure, demonstrating the possibility to realize spin textures with arbitrary integer topological charge within exfoliated flakes of 2D magnets. The general nature of the formation mechanism motivates the search for composite skyrmion states in both well‐known and new magnetic materials, which may yet reveal an even richer spectrum of higher‐order topological objects.
The Atomic Drill Bit: Precision Controlled Atomic Fabrication of 2D Materials
Authors: Boebinger Matthew G. , Brea Courtney , Ding Li‐Ping , Misra Sudhajit , Olunloyo Olugbenga , Yu Yiling , Xiao Kai , Lupini Andrew R. , Ding Feng , Hu Guoxiang , Ganesh Panchapakesan , Jesse Stephen , Unocic Raymond R.
Published: January 2023

The ability to deterministically fabricate nanoscale architectures with atomic precision is the central goal of nanotechnology, whereby highly localized changes in the atomic structure can be exploited to control device properties at their fundamental physical limit. Here, an automated, feedback‐controlled atomic fabrication method is reported and the formation of 1D–2D heterostructures in MoS2 is demonstrated through selective transformations along specific crystallographic orientations. The atomic‐scale probe of an aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) is used, and the shape and symmetry of the scan pathway relative to the sample orientation are controlled. The focused and shaped electron beam is used to reliably create Mo6S6 nanowire (MoS‐NW) terminated metallic‐semiconductor 1D–2D edge structures within a pristine MoS2 monolayer with atomic precision. From these results, it is found that a triangular beam path aligned along the zig‐zag sulfur terminated (ZZS) direction forms stable MoS‐NW edge structures with the highest degree of fidelity without resulting in disordering of the surrounding MoS2 monolayer. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and ab initio molecular dynamic simulations (AIMD) are used to calculate the energetic barriers for the most stable atomic edge structures and atomic transformation pathways. These discoveries provide an automated method to improve understanding of atomic‐scale transformations while opening a pathway toward more precise atomic‐scale engineering of materials.
Density‐of‐States Matching‐Induced Ultrahigh Current Density and High‐Humidity Resistance in a Simply Structured Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Sun Qizeng , Liang Fei , Ren Guozhang , Zhang Linrong , He Shunhao , Gao Kun , Gong Zhongyan , Zhang Yulong , Kang Xing , Zhu Chengcheng , Song Yaxin , Sheng Huixiang , Lu Gang , Yu Hai‐Dong , Huang Wei
Published: January 2023

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) can covert mechanical energy into electricity in a clean and sustainable manner. However, traditional TENGs are mainly limited by the low output current, and thus their practical applications are still limited. Herein, a new type of TENG is developed by using conductive materials as the triboelectric layers and electrodes simultaneously. Because of the matched density of states between the two triboelectric layers, this simply structured device reaches an open‐circuit voltage of 1400 V and an ultrahigh current density of 1333 mA m−2 when poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) film and copper (Cu) or aluminum (Al) foil are used as the triboelectric pair. The current density increases by nearly three orders of magnitude compared with traditional TENGs. More importantly, this device can work stably in high‐humidity environments, which is always a big challenge for traditional TENGs. Surprisingly, this TENG can even perform well in the presence of water droplets. This work provides a new and effective strategy for constructing high‐performance TENGs, which can be used in many practical applications in the near future.
Pd Thickness Optimization on Silicate Sheets for Improving Catalytic Activity
Authors: Doustkhah Esmail , Tsunoji Nao , Assadi M. Hussein N. , Ide Yusuke
Published: January 2023

Maximizing surface‐to‐body ratio demands ever smaller metallic palladium (Pd) nanoparticles for catalytic applications. The quest for miniaturization is now reaching the single‐atom limit. However, if the supported Pd is below a critical size, the Pd hybridization with the supporting material can detrimentally reduce the labile electrons that facilitate the catalytic reactions. Thus, the smallest attainable size, i.e., single‐atom Pd, may not offer the best efficiency. Here, it is demonstrated that Pd with at least six atomic layers (or thickness of ≈1 nm) on the silicate sheets, synthesized via the partial exfoliation of a layered silicate, exhibits a metallic‐like electronic property, yielding an excellent catalytic activity (e.g., turnover frequency) for dehydrogenating formic acid higher than both isotropic Pd nanoparticles and single‐atom Pd.
Growth of Robust Carbon Nitride Films by Double Crystallization with Exceptionally Boosted Electrochemiluminescence for Visual DNA Detection
Authors: Hou Yuhua , Fang Yanfeng , Zhou Zhixin , Hong Qing , Li Wang , Yang Hong , Wu Kaiqing , Xu Yuan , Cao Xuwen , Han Dan , Liu Songqin , Shen Yanfei , Zhang Yuanjian
Published: January 2023

Electrochemically generated chemiluminescence (ECL) has attracted significant interest over the past decades, ranging from fundamental studies on highly efficient electron‐to‐photon interconversion to practical bioassays. Nonetheless, the ECL efficiency (ΦECL) of most emitters is low, which significantly hampers further development. Herein, this work reports a highly robust carbon nitride film with unusually enhanced ECL efficiency (2256 times higher than that of the reference Ru(bpy)3Cl2/K2S2O8). Double crystallization, which provides the primary interaction of carbon nitride with the substrate and subsequent growth, plays a crucial role in the preparation. The improved ECL efficiency is ascribed to little pinholes suppressing futile co‐reagent reduction, maintenance of more orbit‐delocalized heptazine subunits improving ECL kinetics, and high transparency avoiding self‐absorption. As a potential application, an ultrasensitive visual DNA biosensor by the naked eye is further successfully developed with a linear detection range of 100 pmto 1 µmand limit of detection of 27 pm(S/N = 3).
Plant Protein Amyloid Fibrils for Multifunctional Sustainable Materials
Authors: Li Ting , Zhou Jiangtao , Peydayesh Mohammad , Yao Yang , Bagnani Massimo , Kutzli Ines , Chen Zhengxing , Wang Li , Mezzenga Raffaele
Published: January 2023

Artificial functional materials based on amyloid fibrils are proven to be a promising strategy toward functional materials. However, scaling‐up applications present sustainability concerns, as animal proteins are the main sources for fabricating amyloid fibrils. Plant‐protein‐based amyloid fibrils, a more sustainable alternative to animal proteins, are attracting increasing interests as building blocks in functional materials. Herein, 11 different sources from a wide range of plants are evaluated, and a comprehensive analysis of seven species of plant proteins, including kidney bean, black bean, cowpea, mung bean, chickpea, lentil, and pumpkin seed, with an excellent ability to form fibrils, is presented. A universal strategy for a diversity of plant protein extraction and fibrillization is applied. Flexible fibrils with a persistence length of ≈100 nm and rigid fibrils of several micrometers are discovered in 7S/8S and 11S subunits dominated protein, respectively. Structural evolution toward the β‐sheet content on these proteinaceous assemblies is characterized by thioflavin T (ThT) intensity, circular dichroism (CD) spectra, attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectra, and typical wide angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS) spectra. Finally, their multifunctional applications are further explored and proven that these sustainable protein amyloids demonstrate excellent performance in renewable and degradable bioplastics, and in water purification membranes for heavy metal removal.
Nupr1 Negatively Regulates Endothelial to Hematopoietic Transition in the Aorta‐Gonad‐Mesonephros Region
Authors: Wang Haizhen , Liu Di , Chen Haifeng , Jiao Yuqing , Zhao Haixin , Li Zongcheng , Hou Siyuan , Ni Yanli , Zhang Rong , Wang Jinyong , Zhou Jie , Liu Bing , Lan Yu
Published: January 2023

In the aorta of mid‐gestational mouse embryos, a specialized endothelial subpopulation termed hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs) develops into hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), through a conserved process of endothelial‐to‐hematopoietic transition (EHT). EHT is tightly controlled by multiple intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Nevertheless, the molecular regulators restraining this process remain poorly understood. Here, it is uncovered that, one of the previously identified HEC signature genes, Nupr1, negatively regulates the EHT process. Nupr1 deletion in endothelial cells results in increased HSPC generation in the aorta‐gonad‐mesonephros region. Furthermore, single‐cell transcriptomics combined with serial functional assays reveals that loss of Nupr1 promotes the EHT process by promoting the specification of hematopoiesis‐primed functional HECs and strengthening their subsequent hematopoietic differentiation potential toward HSPCs. This study further finds that the proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), is significantly upregulated in Nupr1‐deficient HECs, and the use of a specific TNF‐α neutralizing antibody partially reduces excessive HSPC generation in the explant cultures from Nupr1‐deficient embryos. This study identifies a novel negative regulator of EHT and the findings indicate that Nupr1 is a new potential target for future hematopoietic stem cell regeneration research.
Direct Observation of Off‐Stoichiometry‐Induced Phase Transformation of 2D CdSe Quantum Nanosheets
Authors: Ma Hyeonjong , Kim Dongjun , Park Soo Ik , Choi Back Kyu , Park Gisang , Baek Hayeon , Lee Hyocheol , Kim Hyeongseoung , Yu Jong‐Sung , Lee Won Chul , Park Jungwon , Yang Jiwoong
Published: January 2023

Crystal structures determine material properties, suggesting that crystal phase transformations have the potential for application in a variety of systems and devices. Phase transitions are more likely to occur in smaller crystals; however, in quantum‐sized semiconductor nanocrystals, the microscopic mechanisms by which phase transitions occur are not well understood. Herein, the phase transformation of 2D CdSe quantum nanosheets caused by off‐stoichiometry is revealed, and the progress of the transformation is directly observed by in situ transmission electron microscopy. The initial hexagonal wurtzite‐CdSe nanosheets with atomically uniform thickness are transformed into cubic zinc blende‐CdSe nanosheets. A combined experimental and theoretical study reveals that electron‐beam irradiation can change the stoichiometry of the nanosheets, thereby triggering phase transformation. The loss of Se atoms induces the reconstruction of surface atoms, driving the transformation from wurtzite‐CdSe(110) to zinc blende‐CdSe(001) 2D nanocrystals. Furthermore, during the phase transformation, unconventional dynamic phenomena occur, including domain separation. This study contributes to the fundamental understanding of the phase transformations in 2D quantum‐sized semiconductor nanocrystals.
A pilot study of home‐based genetic testing completion rate in telegenetics cancer clinics in West Virginia Appalachia
Authors: Falah Nadia , Terry Alissa , Umer Amna , Kastner Marlee , Oliverio Kathryn L. , Matthews Nicole , Kelly Kimberly M. , Kellar‐Guenther Yvonne
Published: January 2023

Telegenetics has shifted some genetic testing performance to the patient's own home, with the patient collecting his/her own sample. Little is known regarding the rate of test completion of such home‐based genetic testing. This study compared the completion rate of home‐based genetic tests before and after a reminder system was implemented. In the pre‐reminder group, we reviewed medical records for patients who were seen via telegenetics and agreed to complete genetic testing using an at‐home test kit. In the reminder group, a prospective analysis of the genetic test completion rate was performed taking a clinical quality improvement approach where three reminders were provided for patients who had not submitted their at‐home genetic testing. Our study included 94 patients' records: 46 pre‐reminders and 48 reminders. The lab received 24 patient samples (52.2%) in the pre‐reminder group. In the reminder group, 30 patients returned their kits (62.5%). Despite a higher percentage of patients completing their test in the reminder group, there was no statistically significant difference between the pre‐reminder and reminder groups. The rate of test completion in our pilot test was statistically similar between the two groups, but the reminder group was trending toward a higher percent of completion which may be clinically meaningful.
Compound Vortex Metalens with Linearly Polarized Encryption
Authors: Zhou Changda , Lu Peiyao , Yue Zhiyuan , Xu Jilian , Teng Shuyun
Published: January 2023

In view of the rapid development of nano‐fabrication technology and the wide application of composite vortex fields, a kind of compound vortex metalens with polarization encryption is proposed. The proposed compound vortex metalens can simultaneously generate compound vortex beams with double annular strengths, unequal topological charges, and specific polarization states in different radial regions, which have the characteristic of higher dimensional singularity. The compound vortex metalens consisting of rectangular nanoholes works under linearly polarized light illumination, and the topological charges of the generated compound vortex beam can be modulated through rotating nanoholes. Simulation results and theoretical analysis verify the reliability of polarization‐coded compound vortex beam metalens. The variation of polarized encrypted transmission field with the incident polarized angle shows the broader performance of polarization encryption compound vortex metalens. The multiple singularities and polarization encryption properties of the generated compound vortex beams combining with the integrated metasurface will be helpful for broadening the applications of singular beams.
Tetramine Aspect Ratio and Flexibility Determine Framework Symmetry for Zn8L6Self‐Assembled Structures
Authors: Davies Jack A. , Tarzia Andrew , Ronson Tanya K. , Auras Florian , Jelfs Kim E. , Nitschke Jonathan R.
Published: January 2023

We derive design principles for the assembly of rectangular tetramines into Zn8L6pseudo‐cubic coordination cages. Because of the rectangular, as opposed to square, geometry of the ligand panels, and the possibility of either Δ or Λ handedness of each metal center at the eight corners of the pseudo‐cube, many different cage diastereomers are possible. Each of the six tetra‐aniline subcomponents investigated in this work assembled with zinc(II) and 2‐formylpyridine in acetonitrile into a single Zn8L6pseudo‐cube diastereomer, however. Each product corresponded to one of four diastereomeric configurations, withT,Th,S6orD3symmetry. The preferred diastereomer for a given tetra‐aniline subcomponent was shown to be dependent on its aspect ratio and conformational flexibility. Analysis of computationally modeled individual faces or whole pseudo‐cubes provided insight as to why the observed diastereomers were favored.
Technological Pathways to Produce Compressed and Highly Pure Hydrogen from Solar Power
Authors: Ivanova Mariya E. , Peters Ralf , Müller Martin , Haas Stefan , Seidler Martin Florian , Mutschke Gerd , Eckert Kerstin , Röse Philipp , Calnan Sonya , Bagacki Rory , Schlatmann Rutger , Grosselindemann Cedric , Schäfer Laura‐Alena , Menzler Norbert H. , Weber André , van de Krol Roel , Liang Feng , Abdi Fatwa F. , Brendelberger Stefan , Neumann Nicole , Grobbel Johannes , Roeb Martin , Sattler Christian , Duran Ines , Dietrich Benjamin , Hofberger M. E. Christoph , Stoppel Leonid , Uhlenbruck Neele , Wetzel Thomas , Rauner David , Hecimovic Ante , Fantz Ursel , Kulyk Nadiia , Harting Jens , Guillon Olivier
Published: January 2023

Hydrogen (H2) produced from renewables will have a growing impact on the global energy dynamics towards sustainable and carbon‐neutral standards. The share of green H2 is still too low to meet the net‐zero target, while the demand for high‐quality hydrogen continues to rise. These factors amplify the need for economically viable H2 generation technologies. The present article aims at evaluating the existing technologies for high‐quality H2 production based on solar energy. Technologies such as water electrolysis, photoelectrochemical and solar thermochemical water splitting, liquid metal reactors and plasma conversion utilize solar power directly or indirectly (as carbon‐neutral electrons) and are reviewed from the perspective of their current development level, technical limitations and future potential.
Blood compatible and noncytotoxic superhydrophobic graphene/titanium dioxide coating with antibacterial and antibiofilm properties
Authors: Wu Xun Hui , Liew Yun Khoon , Lim Wei Meng , Mai Chun‐Wai , Then Yoon Yee
Published: January 2023

The potential of superhydrophobic surfaces has gained vast attention in medical settings due to their self‐cleaning effect (including bacterial colonization reduction), minimized cell‐to‐surface interaction, and anti‐biofouling effect. These valuable features allow the vanquishment of some limitations accompanying the blood‐contacting medical devices that are widely used in clinical practice. The extracorporeal circulation used to perform hemodialysis, for instance, as well as the blood collection sets, these essential blood‐contacting medical devices are frequently associated with bacterial infection and hemolysis. Within this study, superhydrophobic surface was substantiated to enhance the biocompatibility. Herein, the graphene (Gr) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were dip‐coated on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) film to produce a superhydrophobic surface. The uniform distribution of the Gr/TiO2 nanoparticles of the coating enhanced the surface roughness and therefore promoted superhydrophobic properties. Co‐occurrence of the Cassie‐Baxter regime and Wenzel regime was suggested to induce the low surface wettability. The superhydrophobic Gr/TiO2 demonstrated significant inhibition of biofilm formation and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Besides, the in vitro blood compatibility assay showed a hemolysis rate lower than 2%, which was categorized as nonhemolytic. The exposure of human heart cells and kidney cells to the Gr/TiO2‐coated PLA film did not significantly affect the cell viability. The findings herein showed promising results for the superhydrophobic Gr/TiO2‐coated PLA film to act as a potential biomaterial for single‐use blood‐contacting medical devices. This study also provided insight for future medical applications that require superhydrophobic coatings.
Stress‐Induced Shape‐Shifting Materials Possessing Autonomous Self‐Healing and Scratch‐Resistant Ability
Authors: Upadhyay Chandan , Ojha Umaprasana
Published: January 2023

Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) capable of both shape‐shifting and self‐healing ability offer a viable alternative to 4D printing technology to gain access to various complex shapes in a simplified manner. However, most of the reported CANs exhibit shape‐shifting ability in the presence of temperature, light or chemical stimuli, which restricts their further utilization as realization of such a controlled environment is not feasible under complex scenarios. Herewith, we report a set of CANs based on a room‐temperature exchangeable thia‐Michael adduct, which undergoes rearrangement in network topology on application of external stress. These CANs with tensile strength (≤6 MPa) and modulus (≤71.4 MPa) adopt to any programmed shape under application of nominal stress. The CANs also exhibit stress‐induced recyclability, self‐welding and self‐healing ability under ambient conditions. The transparency and ambient condition self‐healing ability render these CANs to be utilized as scratch‐resistant coatings on display items.
In Vivo Fluorescence Imaging‐Guided Development of Near‐Infrared AIEgens
Authors: Yu Jia , Jiang Guoyu , Wang Jianguo
Published: January 2023

In vivo fluorescence imaging has received extensive attention due to its distinguished advantages of excellent biosafety, high sensitivity, dual temporal‐spatial resolution, real‐time monitoring ability, and non‐invasiveness. Aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) with near‐infrared (NIR) absorption and emission wavelengths are ideal candidate for in vivo fluorescence imaging for their large Stokes shift, high brightness and superior photostability. NIR emissive AIEgens provide deep tissue penetration depth as well as low interference from tissue autofluorescence. Here in this review, we summarize the molecular engineering strategies for constructing NIR AIEgens with high performances, including extending π‐conjugation system and strengthen donor (D)‐acceptor (A) interactions. Then the encapsulation strategies for increasing water solubility and biocompatibility of these NIR AIEgens are highlighted. Finally, the challenges and prospect of fabricating NIR AIEgens for in vivo fluorescence imaging are also discussed. We hope this review would provide some guidelines for further exploration of new NIR AIEgens.
Hepatic effect of subacute Fe2O3 nanoparticles exposure in Sprague–Dawley rats by LC–MS/MS based lipidomics
Authors: Ren Dongxia , Shao Huangfang , Liu Yang , Wang Xue , Li Yulin , Li Yun
Published: January 2023

Fe2O3 nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) are one of the components of food additives numbered E172 and have been widely used as food pigments to color sweets. Although a large number of studies have reported that Fe2O3 NPs could induce hepatotoxicity, the pathogenesis is still unclear, especially the subacute effects on the metabolic network after oral exposure. Therefore, it is necessary to define a highly sensitive strategy to investigate the potential effects of Fe2O3 NPs and the mechanism. In this study, an animal experiment showed that Fe2O3 NPs had no obvious toxic effects on body weight, histopathology and oxide stress. In order to further investigate the potential effects of Fe2O3 NPs in vivo, a more sensitive LC–MS/MS‐based lipidomic study was performed. The results of multivariate statistical analysis and western blot analysis showed that Fe2O3 NP exposure significantly affects the hepatic glycerophospholipid metabolism, decreasing triacylglycerol, diglyceride, lysophosphatidylethanolamine and free fatty acids, and increasing phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylinositol and coenzyme Q9. These data provide further insight into the hepatic subacute effects of Fe2O3 NPs obtained by conventional toxicology methods.