bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Nitro-substituted chalcones as potent Antibacterial and Antifungal agents
Authors: Goyal Kamya , Goyal Anju , Awasthi Rajendra , Rani Nidhi , Kaur Rajwinder
Published: June 2023

In recent years, complications of micro-organisms, which becomes drug-resistant, have extended dreadful level across the globe. One of the significant challenges in drug discovery to overcome the increased development of drug resistance is developing novel chemical moieties that advantageously comprise chemical features different from existing chemical entities. This communication presents the synthesis, docking, and antibacterial and antifungal evaluation of nitro chalcones. New series of nitro substituted chalcone derivatives (1-12) were synthesized via Claisen-Schmidt condensation using substituted acetophenone and various substituted benzaldehydes in the presence of base and ethanol. Spectral analysis of the synthesized compounds was carried out using 1H-NMR, IR, 13C-NMR and HRMS methods. Synthesized derivatives were evaluated for antimicrobial potency via the microdilution method against two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacterial strains and two fungal strains. All compounds showed promising antimicrobial potency. However, compound 6 was the most potent derivative of the series against all the tested antibacterial strains. Compounds 10 and 12 were found to be the most potent analogues of the series against all the tested antifungal strains. All the synthesized derivatives had good antifungal potency in comparison to the antibacterial potency. Based on the preliminary study results, the study concluded that the synthesized chalcones derivatives promise antimicrobial activity that may be further investigated to achieve antimicrobial lead.
Hepatoprotective effect of the Hexane extract of Luffa echinata root and Stem bark against Tetrachloromethane Induced Hepatic Disorder in rats
Authors: Jakhmola Vikash , Dobhal Kiran , Singh Ajay , Kumar Dharmendra , Ansori A.N.M. , Saklani Taru
Published: June 2023

In many nations, long term liver syndromes are the principal cause of casualty. Medicinal drug obtained from fauna and floras are well-thought-out and valuable in the treatment of chronic diseases that require long-term treatment. An experiment was conducted to determine the potential outcome of a hexane extract of the root and stem bark of Luffa echinata (L.echinata) Roxb on tetra chloromethane (TCM) induced liver toxicity in female albino rats. The root and stem bark of L. echinata were treated with hexane (C6H6), and exposed to preliminary secondary metabolite screening for the presence of various therapeutic component. Tetra chloromethane has been used to cause the hepatic disease in albino rats, which was subsequently treated with Hexane extract. Biochemical markers including entire bilirubin (BR), serum glutamic–oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) enzyme, serum glutamic –pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) enzyme, and total serum protein (TSP) in blood serum were used to assess the patient. The synergistic outcome of root and stem bark hexane extract on the damage liver tissues were also investigated histopathologically. According to the findings, Hexane extract has a strong hepatoprotective effect.
Evaluation of Phytochemicals, Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory properties of leaves of Ocimum basilicum L.
Authors: Kumar Pandey Abhishek , Prasad Tiwari Sandip , Biswas Deepa , Patel Yogesh , M. Jajda Harsurbhai , S. Dave Gaurav
Published: June 2023

In India, a wide variety of medicinal plants are reported and utilized by people for the treatment of various diseases for a long time. The present study deals with quantitative analysis of phytochemicals like total phenols, tannins, and flavonoids as well as in-vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of Ocimum basilicum L. The values of total phenols, tannins, and flavonoids were found to be 5.02±0.06 µg Gallic acid equivalent/mg, 7.80±0.05 µg Gallic acid equivalent/mg, and 6.00±0.06 µg quercetin equivalent/mg alcoholic extract respectively. The antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) assay. The highest antioxidant activity of plant extract was observed at 60 µg/ml and maximum inhibition was recorded at 55.12%. The IC50 value of plant extract was found to be 24.81 µg/ml. In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity was measured by the human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization method. The hypo tonicity-induced HRBC were exposed to different concentrations of ethanolic extract of Ocimum basilicum L. and HRBC membrane lysis and membrane stabilization percentages were calculated against diclofenac sodium. The ethanolic extract exhibited significant HRBC membrane stabilization compared to diclofenac sodium; 98±0.57% membrane stabilization was observed at a dose of 1000 µg/ml.
Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Gel
Authors: Baitule A. W. , Tawar M. G. , Pande S. D.
Published: June 2023

The present study has been undertaken with the aim to formulate and evaluate the new polyherbal gel formulation containing hydroalcoholic extract from Trigonella foenum-graecum and Glycyrrhiza glabra. The polyherbal gel formulation was designed by using Carbopol 934, Sodium CMC, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Glycyrrhiza glabra extract, ethanol, propylene glycol 400, methyl paraben, propyl paraben, and required amount of distilled water. The skin ph (6.8-7) was maintained by drop wise addition of tri- ethanolamine. The prepared gels were evaluated for physical appearance, pH, spreadability, HPTLC, skin irritation to observe side effect. It was inferred from the results that polyherbal gel formulations were good in appearance and homogeneity. The values of spreadability indicated that these polyherbal gels were easily spreadable by small amount of shear. Viscosity of polyherbal gels were determined by using Brookfield viscometer .Formulation F4 had good values of spreadability, viscosity, pH and during the accelerated stability studies the appearance was clear and no significant variation in spreadability and pH was observed. Hence 0.3 % hydroalcoholic extract from Trigonella foenum-graecum and Glycyrrhiza glabra gel was formulated . F4 formulation and its physiochemical study was found to be good.
Xây dựng văn hóa học đường trong hoạt động dạy học trực tuyến cho sinh viên Trường Đại học Tiền Giang
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Khuyến
Published: June 2023

Trước những diễn biến phức tạp của tình hình dịch bệnh Covid-19, việc dạy học trực tuyến là cần thiết và cấp bách đối với sinh viên các ngành nghề đào tạo của Trường Đại học Tiền Giang. Xây dựng văn hóa học đường trong lớp học trực tuyến là một trong những yếu tố góp phần nâng cao chất lượng giảng dạy. Bài viết trình bày khái quát chung về văn hóa học đường; những tồn tại của văn hóa học đường trong dạy và học trực tuyến; thực trạng việc thực hiện văn hóa học đường trong lớp học trực tuyến thông qua việc gửi phiếu thăm dò ý kiến 329 sinh viên các ngành nghề đào tạo ở Trường Đại học Tiền Giang. Qua đó đề ra các biện pháp từ phía nhà trường, giảng viên và sinh viên nhằm xây dựng văn hóa học đường cho sinh viên trong việc dạy học trực tuyến.
Ảnh hưởng của truyền thông mạng xã hội đến ý định du lịch của du khách thế hệ Z ở Việt Nam
Authors: Trương Trí Thông , Hồ Tiểu Bảo , Lê Thuỳ Dương
Published: June 2023

Mục đích của nghiên cứu định lượng này là xác định sự ảnh hưởng của truyền thông mạng xã hội đối với ý định du lịch của du khách thuộc thế hệ Zoomers (thế hệ Z) ở Việt Nam. Một cuộc khảo sát trực tuyến bằng bảng câu hỏi đã được sử dụng để thu thập ý kiến của các du khách thế hệ Z trên khắp Việt Nam, kết quả thu được 218 quan sát. Phương pháp phân tích nhân tố khám phá và mô hình hồi quy tuyến tính bội được sử dụng để phân tích dữ liệu. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, có bốn yếu tố truyền thông mạng xã hội ảnh hưởng tích cực đến ý định đi du lịch của du khách thế hệ Z ở Việt Nam theo thứ tự giảm dần: “Chất lượng thông tin”, “Quảng cáo trên mạng xã hội”, “Truyền miệng trên mạng xã hội” và “Tính hữu ích của thông tin”. Kết quả của nghiên cứu giúp cho các cơ quan quản lý nhà nước về du lịch và các nhà kinh doanh dịch vụ du lịch để có giải pháp thúc đẩy nhu cầu đi du lịch của thế hệ Z tại Việt Nam bằng hình thức truyền thông mạng xã hội trong thời gian tới.
Competencias en salud ambiental y cambio climático en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Blanco María Eugenia , Blanco María Alejandra , Gastelum Acosta Pedro Erick , Vásquez Nieva Oscar , Vila Hinojo Bernabé Teodoro
Published: June 2023

El deterioro del medio ambiente ha acelerado el cambio climático (CC) afectando mútiples escenarios, el aumento de la temperatura ha conllevado a la proliferación de diversas enfermedades trasmitidas por vectores de importancia a nivel de salud pública. Como objetivo, se propuso determinar la cultura ecosaludable ante el cambio climático en estudiantes del Área Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Nacional Experimental Rómulo Gallegos (UNERG), Calabozo, Venezuela 2022. El estudio fue cuantitativo exploratorio no experimental de corte transversal con una muestra de 180 estudiantes. Para la recolección de datos se aplicó el Cuestionario de Dimensiones Ambientales (CDA) compuesto de 75 ítems distribuidos en tres dimensiones; conocimientos, actitudes, emociones y comportamientos. El análisis de los datos fue por estadística descriptiva con porcentajes a través del programa Epidat 3.0. Como resultado, 63% indicó la importancia atribuida de los elementos de ecosalud afectados sobre el agua y 55% al calentamiento global. No obstante, solo 12% indicó la educación como un elemento de ecosalud afectado por el cambio climático, así mismo, en la dimensión de conocimientos se encontró 54,50% a CSN, 6,50% a CPR y 39,50% a CEA, en la dimensión de actitudes y emociones se encontró 55,50% a la subcategoria TD, 44,00% a CVA y 36,50% a E, finalmente, en la dimensión de comportamiento, se evidenció 36,50% a la subategoria de PC, 29,00% a IC y 20,00% a PI. Se debe evitar el daño ambiental a través del cambio de comportamiento individual que debe ser enseñado desde los recintos universitarios.
Investigation of Changes in Female Sexual Function in COVID-19 Pandemic with Male Partners
Authors: SAHIN Orhan , ÇULHA Mehmet Gökhan
Published: June 2023

Aim: This study aimed to assess the effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on sexual behaviors of females in Turkey by also evaluating their male partners.

Method: This study included females (>18 years of age) who were married or had a regular sexual life in the last 6 months and had documented sexual functional status based on the Female Sexual Function Index FSFI) before the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was performed on May-July 2020. The participants were interviewed via telephone call or e-mail. The sexual functions of the females were evaluated using the FSFI and erectile functions of their male partners were evaluated using the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5). The scores obtained before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were compared.

Results: The study included 116 females with a mean age of 39.83±9.38 years. The total FSFI score of the females during the pandemic was 20.98±7.53. A significant improvement was observed in all subscale scores and in the total score of FSFI as compared with the pre-pandemic period (p
Analysis of injectable drugs (Pentazocine and Diazepam) sampled from shops and companies in Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: John A. Ezugwu  , Sylvia I. Okonkwo  , Edith C. Ezugwu  , Okonkwo C. Kenechukwu  , Chinwe C. Okonkwo
Published: June 2023

The incidences of drug adulteration and drug resistance have been a major problem facing mankind in recent years. Low and medium-income countries like Nigeria are most affected. An investigation was carried out to determine the quality of Pentazocine and Diazepam injections in circulation in Anambra State. The injections were sampled from different markets, shops, and pharmaceutical companies within the State. Imported and locally manufactured brands of the injections were analysed. Identification, pH, Assays, Bacteria Endotoxin, sterility, and sub-visible particulate matter contamination were analysed. The results of the Identification, Bacteria Endotoxin (BET), Particulate matter count, and pH are all within the British Pharmacopeia. The Pentazocine Assays obtained were (98.31%- 102.5%) which are within the British Pharmacopeia limit of (95% – 105%). This is good for health management. The Assays of two of the Diazepam injections tested were between (111.33% - 111.53%), which is above the approved British Pharmacopeia limit of (90%-110%). This is an indication of high level of impurities and not good for health care management.
Anorexia Nervosa and gender: a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach; Part 1 – Historical, epidemiological, clinical, and familial aspects
Authors: Romário Teixeira Braga Filho
Published: June 2023

This study was performed in order to broaden the understanding of anorexia nervosa as a paradigmatic condition among eating disorders, considering the principle that individual and collective factors are fundamental in the construction of health and disease phenomena. The study is divided into three parts; in this one – the first - historical, etiologic, epidemiologic and clinical aspects are discussed; in the second part, the discussion involves the contributions of Psychology, Anthropology and Sociology, also in an interdisciplinary arrangement, as well as the third part - which concludes the study - presents a theoretical essay on the use of some homeopathic medicines applicable to the treatment of anorexia nervosa, considering the Law of Similarity of the Homeopathic Doctrine. A bibliographic review was performed over the state of the art of the clinical condition anorexia nervosa, using the PubMed search platform. Although each part of the study has an independent context, the reader will benefit from reading and understanding the three parts, since the interdisciplinary arrangement reinforces the understanding of the subject studied in its general and specific aspects. The first part is presented with emphasis on the etiological, epidemiological, clinical and familial aspects of the disorder, but always emphasizing the interaction with social determinants in the genesis of anorexia nervosa. It is concluded that interdisciplinary studies are necessary and can broaden understanding over the genesis of human suffering – as occurs in the clinical condition anorexia nervosa - thus bringing patients closer to the most effective therapies, in a holistic perspective.
From Individuality to Universality: A Critical Exposition of ‘Self’ of Women in Dalit Movement and Literature in India
Authors: Dr. Richa Shukla
Published: June 2023

This scholarly research article delves into the conceptualization of ‘Self’ of women in the Dalit movement and literature in India, providing a critical analysis that bridges the gap between individuality and universality. It initiates a discourse on the often-overlooked narrative of Dalit women in a predominantly patriarchal and caste-dominated society, underscoring the experiences they encapsulate, extending from personal narratives to shared universality. Through the examination of an assortment of primary sources, including autobiographies, literary texts, speeches, and interviews of Dalit women, this study unveils the complexities in their identities, informed by the intersection of caste, gender, and class. It further explores how these experiences, entrenched in oppression and resistance, shape the ‘Self’ and communal identity of Dalit women. The article advances a unique theoretical framework that combines intersectional feminism and subaltern studies to decipher the nuances of Dalit women’s selfhood. The framework enables a systematic exploration of the convergences and divergences in the perception of ‘Self’ amongst Dalit women, aiding in the understanding of their position within the wider socio-political discourse. In unearthing the shared collective consciousness arising from individual struggles, the research sheds light on the universality of Dalit women’s experiences. Simultaneously, it exposes the evolution of the Dalit women’s movement from a regional force to a global voice, forging an essential link between local experiences and universal human rights discourses. This study conclusively asserts the need for broader recognition and comprehension of Dalit women’s narratives, not as a marginal story but as a central one that intersects with various global feminist and human rights movements. It proposes that the understanding of Dalit women’s ‘Self’ is pivotal in moving towards an inclusive and equitable society, thereby contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of social justice in India and beyond.
Age no bar! Marsupialize frontal sinus mucopyocele to save the vision: A case report
Authors: Suramya Dhamija  , Shashikant Anil Pol  , Rushika Patel  , Shreeya Kulkarni
Published: June 2023

Title: Age No Bar! Marsupialize Frontal Sinus Mucopyocele To Save The Vision: A Case Report. Introduction: Mucopyocele of the paranasal sinus is an accumulation of mucoid secretion covered by desquamated sinus epithelium with pus in the sinus with distension of its walls. It is an expansile, destructive lesion and can cause bone erosion along with the displacement of surrounding structures. Case Presentation: A 83 year old female patient came to the ENT Out Patient Department with chief complaints of right eye diminished vision, proptosis and swelling over the right side forehead since one year which resulted in obvious cosmetic deformity. On examination of face, there was a boggy swelling approximately 5 * 5 cm over right side forehead extending laterally to the lateral orbital wall with proptosis. Patient’s preoperative vision was 2.5 meters finger counting for the right eye and normal for the left. Non Contrast Computed Tomography of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses revealed right sided frontal sinus mucocele extending to the right orbit. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of brain with orbit was done to confirm the diagnosis. Transnasal Endoscopic marsupialization of the mucocele was done under General Anaesthesia. There was a drastic improvement in right eye vision immediately from finger counting 2.5 meters to 6/12 with complete reduction of the boggy swelling and proptosis. Conclusion: We should always attempt endoscopic marsupialization of frontal sinus mucocele which is compromising vision irrespective of age to give back the patient his/her vision, confidence and happiness.
Effect of Figure Eight Vision Exercise Combined with Chin Nodding and Neck Stretching Exercises on Computer Vision Syndrome
Authors: Basharat Maryam , Shakeel Fareeha , Rubab Tahira , Fatima Mahnoor , Zafar Ibraheem , Ahsan Amna , Masood Ramsha , Shafique Muhammad Saad
Published: June 2023

Purpose: Main aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of vision exercise with chin nodding and neck stretching among computer users and also intend to show the effect of figure eight vision exercise only. Methods: This randomized controlled trial study was carried out among computer users in Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Computer vision syndrome symptoms data will be collected from self-administered questionnaire and computer vision syndrome level instrument questionnaire. 33 participants (17=male, 16=female) in group A (experimental group) will be given figure eight vision exercise and chin nodding and neck stretching. 33 participants (17=male, 16=female) in group B (control group) will be given only figure eight vision exercise with one month follow up. Intervention will be given 4 to 5 times per week (once in a day). Data analysis will be done through SPSS. Results: In both the questionnaires, in between the groups, pre and post intervention P value shows non-significant results. While within groups, in questionnaire 1, pre and post intervention P-value was 0.00 which shows significant results and in questionnaire 2, P-value of group A was 0.02 which shows significant results while in group B, P-value was 0.13 which shows non-significant results. Practical Implication: Regarding comparison of exercises difference between group A and B was non- significant. But, in within groups, in self-administered questionnaire both groups’ shows significant results individually while in CVS level instrument questionnaire, group A shows significant result and group B shows non-significant Conclusion: Study concludes that both groups showed non-significant results regarding comparison of exercises but in within groups, in self-administered questionnaire both groups’ shows significant results individually while in CVS level instrument questionnaire, group A shows significant result and group B shows non-significant. Keywords: Randomized controlled trial, computer vision syndrome, vision exercise, neck stretching (exercise therapy).
Rationale Treatment of GERD During Pregnancy: A Prescription Audit Using who Core Drug use Indicators
Authors: Nazish Gul E , Akhtar Mahreen , Yaseen Sumetha , Khokhar Ayesha Nazir
Published: June 2023

Background: GERD is a common condition worldwide. It is also frequently seen during pregnancy due to hormonal changes and increasing intra-abdominal pressure. Treatment is usually focused on resolving symptoms. In this regard life style modification and pharmacological interventions are done. But prescribing during pregnancy is a risk benefit condition. Irrational prescribing is a routine practice nowadays. Prescribing during pregnancy needs more care. To avoid hazards associated with irrational prescribing WHO has developed five indicators. Aim and objective: This study was designed to find out prescription mistakes during pregnancy using WHO core drug use indicators. To provide clinicians with prescribing guidlines in order to avoid future discrepancies while prescribing. Method: It was a cross sectional study. Data was obtained from outpatient obstetric departments and analyzed. Result: Antacids, PPIs, Ranitidine and metoclopramide were frequently used drugs. All drug classes are present in essential drug list of Pakistan 2021.Only 8% of the total drugs were prescribed by generic name. Number of drugs per encounter was minimum 5%.Number of injections per encounter was also within standard range 23%. About 20% of prescription were expensive which is a high cost for an under developing country like Pakistan. Practical implication: Good prescribing puts positive impact on patient’s physical and mental health. Conclusion: There should be a shift of prescription from brand name to generic name. Control of prescription cost is another issue highlighted. WHO core drug use indicators are only limited to outpatient Departments. These are of limited value for in doors patients where drug prescriptions are more complex. Keywords: Drug use WHO Drug use, GRED, Pregnancy, Pakistani Women
Frequency of Restless Leg Syndrome in Diabetic Patients and it's Impact on Quality of Life
Authors: Manan Abdul , Ahmad Zubair , Kamran Muhammad , Aijaz Wasfa , Memon Fayaz Ahmed , Ahmed Faizan
Published: June 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of RLS and its effect on quality of life in diabetic patients. Study Design: Cross-sectional/Comparative study Place and Duration: Department of Medicine, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar in the duration from June, 2022 to November, 2022. Methods: There were 114 diabetic and non diabetic patients were presented in this study. After obtaining informed written consent detailed demographics of enrolled cases were recorded. Patients were distributed in two groups, group I had 57 diabetic patients and groups II had 57 diabetic patients. Both groups were diagnosed with RLS using the International RLS Study Group's diagnostic criteria. SPSS 23.0 was used to analyze all data. Results: There were majority females 30 (52.6%) in group I and 33 (57.9%) in group II. Mean age of the patients in group I was 49.17±9.48 years and in group II mean age was 46.12±11.85 years. Frequency of HTN in group I was found in 22 (38.6%) cases and in group II its frequency was 13 (22.8%). RLS in group I was found in 19 (33.3%) cases and in group II found in 5 (8.8%) cases. Frequency of retinopathy, neuropathy and abnormal neck circumference was significantly higher in diabetic cases as compared to non-diabetic with p value <0.002. Conclusion: This study's findings suggest a strong link between RLS and diabetes, as well as a negative impact on the quality of life, health outcomes, sleep, daytime activity, cognitive function, and mental health of diabetic patients. Additionally, they suggest that doctors and other healthcare professionals should be more aware of RLS. Keywords: RLS, Diabetes, Retinopathy, Neuropathy, Quality of life
Comparative Perception of Undergraduate Medical and Dental Students between Case-Based Learning and Problem-Based Learning in Karachi
Authors: Salman Syed M. Abdullah , Taheer Talal Bin , Memon Shaima Sultana , Iqbal Zafar , Yahya Urooj , Khan Urosa
Published: June 2023

Background: Teaching methodologies that govern self-directed learning skills include problem-based learning (PBL) and case-based learning (CBL). Both undergraduate and graduate curriculum in Pakistan medical colleges frequently employ one or the other, depending on the situation. The objective of our research was to contrast PBL and CBL in the undergraduate medical curriculum based on the perceptions of the students who had seen this change in learning methodologies. Method: It was a cross-sectional study conducted between March and June 2022 at a medical university in Karachi. A closed ended self-administered questionnaire with fourteen questions was prepared and distributed to 150 student. The responses to the questions were dichotomous in favor of problem based learning. Third and second year MBBS and BDS students of both genders, and socioeconomic status were included in this study. Student responses on the usefulness of PBL were obtained on a 5-point Likert scale, and results were compared using the chi square test. Result: In general, the learners were positive about all of the items in favor of PBL, such as self-directed learning, critical thinking, identifying objectives, identifying knowledge gaps, and improved problem-solving skills. Conclusion: Problem based learning is a preferred instructional strategy as compared to case base learning from perspective of the student. Keywords: Problem-based learning (PBL), Case-based learning (CBL), Medical students, Dental students, Perception.
A Systematic Review of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Diagnosis of Stroke
Authors: Nawab Kalsoom , Haq Anwar Ul , Khattak Mehmood Akhtar , Gul Hina , Khan Naheed , Shoaib Irsa
Published: June 2023

Background: With the advancement of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a non-invasive imaging technique, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke diagnostic accuracy has increased significantly. The intricate resolution of MRI enables better visualisation of the structure of the brain and vulnerable regions to ischemia. As a result, the detection of hypoperfused areas is now more accurate. Additionally, MRI makes it possible to see hematomas in the brain, revealing hemorrhagic strokes brought on by burst arteries. MRI has become an essential tool in the fight against strokes because to its crucial role in evaluating damage caused by strokes. Purpose: The purpose of this article is to examine the advantages and disadvantages of utilising MRI scans to identify strokes. The use of MRI technology to identify brain injury and differentiate between strokes caused by blood flow and haemorrhage will be highlighted. When it comes to stroke therapy and prognosis, MRI might potentially affect the advice given by doctors. Methods: The Department of Radiology at KTH Hospital Peshawar thoroughly investigated the possibility of MRI for stroke diagnosis between March 2016 and March 2017. We searched the PubMed and EMBASE archives for papers about the use of MRI in stroke patient investigations in order to assemble the most information possible. We only chose studies that have a main concentration on MRI imaging and stroke patients. Results: Twenty-nine research publications examined the efficiency of MRI with an emphasis on stroke diagnosis. Twenty-four of them examined ischemic stroke diagnosis, while the remaining five concentrated on hemorrhagic stroke diagnosis. Findings showed that MRI was very accurate, with a sensitivity and specificity of up to 97% for ischemic stroke detection. MRI shown success in the diagnosis of hemorrhagic stroke, with a sensitivity and specificity of up to [100%]. Conclusions: MRI is a crucial tool for the diagnosis and treatment of stroke. Because of the great accuracy and sensitivity of this imaging method, both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes may be identified. It also carefully evaluates the effects of a stroke on the brain. The early and successful diagnosis and treatment of stroke depend heavily on the use of MRI. Keywords: diagnosis, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and magnetic resonance imaging
Diagnosing Tuberculosis for the First Time at Autopsy
Authors: Husain Urooj , Manzoor Saima , Zafar Durdana , Jawaad Imran , Khan Amna Zafar , Umer Shazia
Published: June 2023

Among the most common infectious diseases in the developing and underdeveloped countries Tuberculosis stands high and is among one of the leading cause of death in infectious diseases. Government of Pakistan have no doubt supported and started many programs to tackle the problem and have tremendous efforts to eradicate this disease. Stating from diagnosis and providing treatment free of cost of a large group of population. Inspite of all these efforts tuberculosis is still raising due to multiple factors. The rise in the number of patients mainly factors involved are unawareness on the part of the patient and doctor as well. Lacks of education, poor compliance, ignorance, poor follow up are among the main reasons on the part of the patient which lead to a rise in the number of patient annually. Among living patients only 40% are diagnosed. This study is done to determine tuberculosis at autopsy which was diagnosed during life of the patient. Awareness about the disease and its high prevalence in Pakistan is essential to reduce missed diagnoses. Keywords: Diagnosis, Tuberculosis, Forensic Medicine, Autopsy, Evidence
Diagnostic Accuracy of Transabdominal Ultrasound (TAUS) in Detection of the Common Bile Duct Stone in Suspected Patients Taking Intra-Operative Findings as Gold Standard
Authors: Qamar Roshna , Baig Muhammad Usman Farooq , Ashraf Rabia , Kamran Tarab
Published: June 2023

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of transabdominal ultrasound (TAUS) in detection of the common bile duct stone in suspected patients taking intraoperative findings as gold standard. Method: This descriptive Cross-sectional Study was conducted in new radiology department, Services Hospital Lahore from February, 2018 till August, 2018. Data from 144 patients was calculated using non-Probability Consecutive sampling. Chi-square was used to explore the diagnostic accuracy of transabdominal ultrasound in detecting CBD among suspected patients. Results: the diagnosis accuracy of intraoperative surgery and TAUS for diagnosis of CBD, the results of Chi-square test revealed significant difference (X2=82.632, P=.000). The sensitivity was 82.69%, specificity was 92.39%, PPV was 86%, NPV was 90.43% and diagnostic accuracy of TAUS was 88.89%. Practical implication: "The study demonstrates the high diagnostic accuracy and practical benefits of transabdominal ultrasound (TAUS) as a non-invasive tool for detecting common bile duct stones, offering accessible and cost-effective diagnostic capabilities with no ionizing radiation or contrast material required." Conclusion: To concluded that the usage of TAUS as a tool for confirmation of presence of CBD stones at initial level is very valuable because of its numerous benefits such as easy accessibility, low in cost, no contrast material is required and ionizing radiation lacking. Hence, it is evident from the findings of current study that transabdominal ultrasound is a non-invasive technique devoid of complications as well as higher level of diagnostic accuracy in terms of detecting CBD stones. Keywords: Common bile duct stones, Transabdominal ultrasound, Diagnostic accuracy, Surgery
Outcomes of Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with a Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Score of Five or Higher
Authors: Iqbal Naveed , Butt Zain Mehmood , Dasti Mashooque Ali , Memon Faraz Farooq , Khan Atif Ahmed , Rizvi Syed Nadeem Hassan
Published: June 2023

Objective: To determine the rate of adverse outcome in patients with at least five TIMI scores after primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods: We conducted this descriptive study at National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Karachi for six months. This study included 200 men and women with chest pain who presented to the emergency department with chest pain and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. PCI processes were executed by cardiologists, and any post-procedure adverse outcomes were noted throughout the hospital stay. Results: A total of 200 participants were involved, 167 (83.5%) being males, and 33 (16.5%) being females. There were 95 (47.5%) moderate risk cases and 105 (52.5%) high-risk cases based on the TIMI scores. In the survey of patient outcomes, death occurred in 18.5% of cases, heart failure was observed in 43 cases (21.5%), cardiogenic shock was observed in 27 cases (13.5%), and ventricular arrhythmia was observed in 44 (22%) cases. Practical Implication: This research on the outcomes of primary PCI in patients with a TIMI score of five or higher can provide valuable information for healthcare providers, leading to improved patient selection, enhanced treatment decision-making, tailored interventions, reduced morbidity and mortality rates, and increased cost-effectiveness in managing myocardial infarction cases. These practical implications can significantly benefit the community by improving patient outcomes and optimizing healthcare resource utilization. Conclusion: A TIMI risk score of five or higher can also identify patients who may have heart failure, cardiogenic shock, and ventricular arrhythmias. Keywords: Primaryipercutaneous coronary intervention, thrombolysis, myocardial infarction, score of five or higher.
Renal Dysfunction as a Predictor of Slow-Flow/No-Reflow Phenomenon and Impaired ST-Segment Resolution after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in ST- Elevation Myocardial Infarction. A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Khan Muhammad Abbas , . Samiullah , Ram Jaghat , Shaikh Javed Khurshed , Hassan Mahmood Ul , Butt Muhammad Hasan
Published: June 2023

Objective: The research aimed to examine the relationship between kidney dysfunction and the occurrence of slow blood flow or no-reflow phenomenon and insufficient ST-segment resolution after the percutaneous coronary intervention procedure in individuals suffering from ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Methods: In a retrospective analysis conducted at Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar, for six months, 210 consecutive patients have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The term slow-flow/no-reflow referred to an angiogram result of TIMI Grade <3 after the implantation of a stent, despite a residual stenosis of less than 50%, and with no major damage or visible blood clots. Results: The study included 210 patients, with 185 (88.0%) having normal flow and 25 (11.9%) having slow flow/no-reflow after PCI. Comparison between patients with normal flow and those with slow flow or no-reflow. Male sex was more common in the LVEF ≥50% group compared to the LVEF <50% group (84.2% vs. 74.0%, p=0.043). Practical Implication: Overall, the practical implications of this study can positively impact the community by enhancing risk assessment, patient management, treatment approaches, communication, and future research in the context of renal dysfunction and PCI outcomes in STEMI patients. Conclusion: The study found that patients with STEMI who have renal dysfunction are more likely to experience SFR and ISR after undergoing PCI. We should regard renal dysfunction as a significant factor that increases the risk of these complications. Treatment may need to be more intensive to achieve better results in these patients. Keywords: Renal dysfunction, slow-flow/no-reflow phenomenon, inadequate ST-segment resolution,
Incidence and Association of Seizures in Stroke Patients Undergoing Endovascular Therapies
Authors: Khan Alizai Muhammad Hamza , Tasleem Samiyah , Hashim Husnain , Afzal Kamran , Tahir Muhammad , Farooq Sana
Published: June 2023

Background: Endovascular therapies have revolutionized the treatment of stroke, but post-stroke seizures continued as significant complication that impacted morbidity. Objectives: We examined the incidence and association of seizures in stroke patients undergoing endovascular therapy (EVT). Methods: Investigation included 384 hospitalized patients with acute ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke undergoing EVT. To distinguish and investigate the stroke, and to identify subtypes of stroke using the TOAST classification, the incidence of seizures was determined in stroke patients following EVT through brain imaging. Results: We analyzed the demographic and clinical characteristics of 384 stroke patients who underwent EVT and had seizures. Seizures were found to occur in 6.51% of EVT patients (p>0.05). Occurrence of seizures was non-substantially affected by comorbidities like hypertension, cardiac maladies and diabetes. Majority of stroke patients (82.81%) suffered from ischemic strokes, while only 17.18% had hemorrhagic strokes. Large artery atherosclerosis was the most prevalent subtype of stroke associated with seizures following EVT. The severity of the stroke and existing of cortical involvement were not significantly associated with seizures (p<0.05), whereas lower age and early seizures after EVT were associated with a marginally increased risk of experiencing seizures. Overall, study indicated that incidence of seizures following EVT was relatively low and influenced by particular factors. Practical implication: This study emphasized the need for personalized patient care strategies, including vigilant surveillance for seizures and preventative interventions, to enhance the outcomes of stroke patients undergoing endovascular therapy. Conclusion: Seizures are a significant complication of EVT for stroke patients. Stroke severity and etiology may influence seizure risk, highlighting the significance of vigilant monitoring and proactive management to reduce the incidence of seizures in this patient population. Keywords: Endovascular treatment; Epidemiology; Epilepsy; Hemorrhage; Seizures; Thrombectomy.
Esthetic outcomes of immediate implants placement following immediate restoration: Controlled clinical trial
Authors: Keidy Gallina  , Laerte Luiz Bremm  , Adriane Yaeko Togashi
Published: June 2023

The aim of this controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the variation in the thickness of the buccal bone plate and the position of the gingival margin in single implants installed in extraction socket and in healed ridges, both with immediate loading in aesthetic region. Materials and Methods: individuals in group 1 (n=7) were treated with minimally invasive tooth extraction, cone morse implant (Neodent®), xenogene bone “gap” filling (Bio Oss®) and cementation of provisional crown. Individuals in group 2 (n=3), in edentulous unitary ridges, received a cone morse implant (Neodent®) and provisional crown cementation. The coronal (C), mid (M) and apical (A) points of the buccal bone plate (BBP) were measured by means of computed tomography and, with the aid of a probing guide, the measurements of the position of the gingival margin (PGM) were performed at the mesial (M), vestibular (V) and distal (D) points, both analyzes were assessed in the preoperative (T0), immediate postoperative (T1) and six months postoperatively (T2). Results: in the analysis of buccal bone plate (BBP), no statistical differences were observed in the interaction of period and group factors, the same happened when comparing only the different periods. Group 1, when compared to group 2 in T1, presented higher averages in the buccal bone plate (p <0.05), and this statistical difference was significant. In the PGM analysis, there was no significant statistical difference between the groups and periods interaction, the same could be observed when comparing the groups with each other (p> 0.05). A statistical difference between time T0 and T2 was observed, with time T2 having a mean of the measurements greater than the time T0 in both groups. Conclusions: the treatment conferred in group 1 was shown to be a reliable option, with results of vestibular bone thickness and gingival level stable in the observed periods, when compared with group 2 treatment. With similar results between groups, the advantages of immediate implant as reduction of postoperative morbidity, reduction of medication use and maintenance of the perimplant framework become attractive for indication of the technique tested
Adoption of Tax Planning measures: A Study of Taxpayers in Haryana
Authors: Anshu  , Inderjit
Published: June 2023

This study aims to shed light on the methods Haryana residents employ to pay as lesser tax as possible. Furthermore, this study provides evidence of the various tax strategies used by Haryana's middle class (those in the public sector as well as those in the private sector). Employees can be considered "entry-level," "mid-level," or "senior-level." The research looks into whether or not the tax strategies used by the two groups are different. It has been demonstrated that various tax systems have varying impacts on wage levels. The data collected from Haryana has been analysed using a Chi-square test. Workers in Haryana have a wide range of expertise when it comes to tax planning and preparation.
Artificial intelligence in dentistry
Authors: Adnan Kashif , Khan Muhammad Kaleem , Umar Madiha
Published: June 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology in various domains, and dentistry is no exception. This paper explores the applications and implications of AI in dentistry, highlighting its potential to revolutionize dental practices, enhance patient care, and improve treatment outcomes. The population of interest for this study comprises dental practitioners, researchers, and patients involved in dental care. Dentists are increasingly recognizing the value of AI in streamlining various tasks, such as diagnosis, treatment planning, and patient management. AI algorithms can analyze radiographic images, intraoral scans, and clinical data to assist in detecting and classifying dental diseases, including caries, periodontal conditions, and oral cancers. By leveraging machine learning techniques, AI systems can provide accurate and timely diagnoses, aiding dentists in making informed decisions and improving treatment efficacy. Sampling for this study involves selecting a representative sample of dental professionals from diverse geographical regions, ranging from general dentists to specialists, to comprehensively understand their perspectives and experiences with AI in dentistry. Patients receiving dental care were also included in the sample to gauge their perceptions of AI technologies and their impact on the quality of care received. The sampling technique employed was a combination of convenience sampling and purposive sampling.
Contribution to the Bryoflora of Great Himalayan National Park, Kullu, Himachal Pradesh V: Genus Plagiochila (Dumort.) Dumort. (Plagiochilaceae)
Authors: Singh S. , Singh Devendra
Published: June 2023

Twelve species of the genus Plagiochila (Dumort.) Dumort., have been described and illustrated from Great Himalayan National Park and its environs in Kullu District, Himachal Pradesh. Of these P. elegans and P. richteri are extremely rare in the study area, whereas P. duthiana, P. mundaliensis, P. nepalensis, P. parvifolia and P. sciophila are quite common. The others show restricted distribution. The phytoclimatic conditions in the Sainj Valley of the Park appear to be more congenial for the growth of the genus.
wound that doesn't heal
Authors: Daley Sean
Published: June 2023

Even though people know that children die, often they do not know how to respond to the death of a child.  More specifically, people do not know how to respond to a bereaved parent after his or her child has died.  This is especially true in the United States where the death of an infant or child death is relatively uncommon.  This essay addresses the complex and often contradictory feelings that bereaved parents can feel particularly in response to the actions of those around them – family, friends and colleagues – who actually mean well.  Unfortunately, for a bereaved parent, even with the support and well wishes of others, things do not always get better with time; things can actually get worse.  For some bereaved parents, the loss of a child is too much; it is similar to a sore or wound that cannot heal and eats away at a person until nothing is left.
Metaphorical Conceptualisation of Women in Arabic and English
Authors: Derki Noureddine
Published: June 2023

This study aimed at presenting a comparative analysis of some metaphorical expressions used for conceptualizing women in English and Arabic. It adopted a qualitative research model. A set of English and Arabic expressions conventionally used when describing women were collected and grouped according to the Conceptual Metaphor Theory by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) into three general source domains: ANIMALS, PLANTS, and OBJECTS. Then a cross-cultural comparison was made by adopting Barcelona's (2001) framework. Data analysis revealed that the two languages share several basic (universal) metaphors in conceptualizing women. However, some differences between Arabic and English have been detected when conceptualizing women metaphorically. The differences might be due to the different sociocultural interpretations of the source and target domains in each language. In sum, this area of study must be a subject of further research by Arab scholars since Arabic involves a great number of metaphorical exploitations, which needs to be investigated from different perspectives.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PRICE AND PRODUCT QUALITY IN TRADITIONAL MARKETS AND TEMPORARY MARKETS IN BATU BARA
Authors: Fitrianingsih Fitrianingsih , Mayastika Sinaga Eka , Rahmawati Dewi
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study aims to analyze the comparison of consumer behavior in terms of price and product quality in traditional and temporary markets. This type of research is a quantitative research with the number of respondents as many as 60 people with purposive sampling technique. Data analysis using SPSS. The results showed that either partially or simultaneously Price and product quality have a significant influence on consumer behavior in traditional and temporary markets. Furthermore, there is no difference in price and product quality on consumer behavior in traditional and temporary markets.
THE EFFECT OF PRODUCT INNOVATION, WORD OF MOUTH AND DIGITAL MARKETING ON CONSUMER BUYING INTEREST IN USED TIRE RUBBER CRAFTS IN PON VILLAGE
Authors: Syafrizal Rodi
Published: June 2023

This study aims to examine the effect ofThe Influence of Product Innovation, Word Of Mouth and Digital Marketing on Consumer Buying Interest in Used Tire Rubber Crafts in Pon Village, the results of this study indicate that . 1)product innovation(X1) has no positive and significant effect on consumer buying interest (Y). 2) word of mouth (X2) has a positive and significant effect on consumer buying interest (Y). 3) digital marketing (X3) has a positive and significant effect on consumer buying interest (Y). 4) Simultaneously variable product innovation (X1 ), word of mouth (X2) and digital marketing (X3) have a positive effect on consumer buying interest (Y).