bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Presentación Dossier Historia de las mujeres y agencias femeninas en América Latina en el siglo XX
Authors: Ramírez Chicharro Manuel , López Jerez Mabel Paola
Published: July 2023

En América Latina, la historiografía sobre las mujeres, al igual que en Europa y en Estados Unidos, es relativamente reciente. La población femenina fue invisibilizada en la historia política, propia de los primeros años de profesionalización de la disciplina (de la década del sesenta al ochenta del siglo XX). Después, solo apareció esporádicamente en virtud de la llegada de las historias económica y social. De hecho, las mujeres tendrían que esperar hasta la década del noventa del siglo XX para que en todo el mundo se empezaran a emprender los grandes proyectos historiográficos que las restituyeran en la Historia y para la historia.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease: causal relationships and the role of anti-diabetic drugs
Authors: Demidova T. Yu. , Skuridina D. V. , Pervushina E. S.
Published: July 2023

All over the world, the number of patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular diseases is increasing every day. At the same time, they not only coexist as independent diseases, but also have many points of intersection in pathogenesis and progression, such as dyslipidemia, prothrombotic processes, insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, chronic subclinical inflammation. Thus, they make each other’s course heavier and increase the number of adverse outcomes, including general and cardiovascular mortality. All this is an incentive for a more detailed study of the complex relationship of these diseases, in order to optimize diagnostics and treatment. Due to the urgency of this issue, the effect of most of the currently existing hypoglycemic drugs on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular diseases has already been reflected in many studies and meta-analyses. This review will cover the main groups of drugs, namely biguanides, thiazolidinediones, sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. The use of which is approved in comorbid patients according to these conditions pathogenesis.
Glucometry and self-control skills as necessary components in the management of a patient with prediabetes in the outpatient settings
Authors: Larina V. N.
Published: July 2023

The article discusses the modern approaches to a glycemic control among outpatients with prediabetes. The risk factors for prediabetes, the possibilities of its screening, and the issues of treatment non-adherence are discussed. An attention is paid to the aspects of teaching patients the skills of competent self-monitoring of glycemia, and the use of glucometers integrated with smartphones at home. Modern features and advantages of the glucometer for self-control over the disease are discussed.
Klinefelter syndrome: a case report
Authors: Arefyeva A. N. , Volkova A. R. , Lisker A. V. , Ostroukhova E. N. , Kholudeeva T. A.
Published: July 2023

Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is a genetic disease associated with the presence of an extra X-chromosome in the karyotype of men. The most common karyotype is 47XXY, however, other genetic variants are also possible, as well as mosaic forms.

The clinical picture is most often represented by bilateral gynecomastia, decreased in the volume testicles and infertility (azoospermia). Laboratory revealed hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Testosterone replacement therapy is used to ensure virilization and the proper quality of life. Assisted reproductive technologies with preliminary hormonal preparation are used to restore fertility.

This article presents a clinical case of KS and considers options for realization of reproductive plans in the case of non-obstructive azoospermia.
ECONOMIC VALUE OF THE USE OF CHEMICALS IN AGRICULTURE: THE CASE OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Authors: KUTLUAY ŞAHİN Dilek , ŞAHİN Levent
Published: July 2023

This study investigates the effects of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and agricultural lands on gross domestic product. The primary purpose of this study; is to prove that conscious chemical support policies should be applied in agriculture to increase yield and quality in agricultural lands. The study's hypothesis is; when fertilizers and pesticides are used in fertile agricultural lands, the agricultural sector's contribution to the gross domestic product increases.
Panel data analysis was conducted for 27 countries covering 2000-2020. In the analysis, the contribution of agriculture to the gross domestic product is taken as the dependent variable. Independent variables; the amount of chemical fertilizer used, hectares of agricultural lands, and pesticides used. The analysis concluded that chemical fertilizers and pesticides affected the dependent variable significantly and positively. In addition, it is understood that the dependent variable's most influential factor is agricultural land. As a result, to increase agriculture's contribution to the gross domestic product, countries should educate farmers about the effects and correct use of pesticides and fertilizers. Thus, agricultural productivity and product quality will be increased.
Wagner interaction coefficients of nitrogen with chromium and molibdenum in liquid nickel-based alloys
Authors: Bolʼshov L. A. , Korneichuk S. K. , Bolʼshova E. L.
Published: July 2023

The authors propose a simple theory of thermodynamic properties of liquid nitrogen solutions in alloys of the Fe – Ni – Cr and Fe – Ni – Mo systems. This theory is analogous to the theory for liquid nitrogen solutions in binary alloys of the Fe – Cr and Fe – Ni systems proposed previously by the authors in 2019 and 2021. The theory is based on lattice model of ternary liquid solutions of the Fe – Ni – Cr and Fe – Ni – Mo systems. The model assumes a FCC lattice. Atoms of Fe, Ni, Cr and Mo are deposed in the sites of the lattice. Nitrogen atoms are located in octahedral interstices. The nitrogen atom interacts only with the metal atoms located in the lattice sites neighboring to it. This interaction is pairwise. It is assumed that the energy of this interaction depends neither on composition nor on temperature. It is supposed that the liquid solutions in the Fe – Ni – Cr and Fe – Ni – Mo systems are perfect. Within the framework of the proposed theory, the relation is obtained that expresses the Wagner interaction coefficient between nitrogen and chromium in liquid nickel-based alloys \(\varepsilon _{\rm{N}}^{{\rm{Cr}}}\)(Ni). The right-hand part of the appropriate formula is a function of the Wagner interaction coefficients between nitrogen and chromium \(\varepsilon _{\rm{N}}^{{\rm{Cr}}}\)(Fe) and between nitrogen and nickel \(\varepsilon _{\rm{N}}^{{\rm{Ni}}}\)(Fe) in liquid iron-based alloys. A similar relation is obtained for the Wagner interaction coefficient between nitrogen and molybdenum in liquid nickel-based alloys \(\varepsilon _{\rm{N}}^{{\rm{Mo}}}\)(Ni). According to the first of these formulas, the value \(\varepsilon _{\rm{N}}^{{\rm{Cr}}}\)(Ni) = –21,9 at a temperature of 1873 K is calculated. This corresponds to the value of the Langenberg interaction coefficient \(e _{\rm{N}}^{{\rm{Cr}}}\)(Ni) = –0,108, which coincides with experimental estimate. According to the second formula, the value \(\varepsilon _{\rm{N}}^{{\rm{Mo}}}\)(Ni) = –14,3 is calculated at a temperature 1873 K. This corresponds to the value of the Langenberg interaction coefficient \(e _{\rm{N}}^{{\rm{Cr}}}\)(Ni) = –0,036, which is in satisfactory agreement with the experimental estimate \(\varepsilon _{\rm{N}}^{{\rm{Mo}}}\)(Ni) = –15,1; \(e _{\rm{N}}^{{\rm{Cr}}}\)(Ni) = –0,038.
Genetic predictors regarding of infection-dependent pregnancy loss
Authors: Tsechoeva Leila Sh. , Dementyeva Elena I. , Leonova Margarita D. , Poloskov Anton I. , Gavrichkova Yuliya V. , Tapil'skaya Natalya I. , Glushakov Ruslan I.
Published: July 2023

A retrospective comparative cohort study investigated the prevalence of genetic variants are associated with immune hyper-response of the immune system in women (n = 96) with a history of infected miscarriage. The comparison groups subjects was 76 women of the same age with 2 or more normal pregnancies in history.
The frequency of gene polymorphism in patients in all patients of the main group and the comparison group: the G894T polymorphism (Glu298Asp, rs1799983) of the Nos3 gene, the C1234T (p.Leu412Phe, rs3775291) polymorphism of the Tlr3 gene, the C3954T (rs1143644) and C-511T (rs16944) polymorphisms of the IL1B gene, and G-308A (rs1800629) and G238A (rs361525) of the Tnf gene. For comparative statistical analysis, we used the chi-square test and Fishers exact test with the determination of relative risk and confidence interval (CI).
Comparative analysis showed that polymorphism in defined gene was associated with an increased the relative risk of infected miscarriage: T/T genotype of the Tlr3 gene (C1234T), the C allele of the Il1b gene (C3954T), and the A allele of the Tnf gene (G238A) increases the relative risk of infected miscarriage by 3.345 times (95% confidence interval 1.5947.017; chi-square test = 10.779, p = 0.002), 5.077 times (95% confidence interval 2.7439.396; chi-square test = 30.272, p 0.001) and 2.958 times (95% confidence interval 1.4516.032; chi-square test = 9.533, p = 0.003), respectively.
On the possible prospects for the use of cannabis for medical purposes
Authors: Titulova Anastasia P. , Grebneva Natal'ya Yu.
Published: July 2023

The use of cannabis as a therapeutic agent in medical practice in the Russian Federation is one of the current and discussed issues. Cannabis is the tops of the eponymous plant of the genus cannabis (Cannabis sp.) with flowers or fruits (with the exception of seeds and leaves, if they are not accompanied by tops), from which resin has not been extracted, no matter what name they are designated, as well as other products from this plant. More than 400 different chemical compounds have been found in the chemical composition of the above-ground part of cannabis, of which 61 are cannabinoids. Among cannabinoids the most studied are tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and cannabinol. In Russia, the use of cannabis as a medicine is not currently permitted due to governmental and industrial prohibitions, which limits clinical research to determine the safety and effectiveness of its use in medical practice. At the same time, a number of countries have legalized the use of cannabis for medical purposes. Cannabis-based prescription medications (dronabinol, nabiximols, nabilon, epidiolex) are known to be used abroad to treat various medical conditions. The issue of the use of cannabis for medical purposes on the territory of the Russian Federation requires further elaboration, taking into account the legal and regulatory framework.
The influence of retropatellar fat preservation on the positioning of the tibial component of total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Vieira Rodrigo B. , Muniz Mateus R. , Santos Filipe S.
Published: July 2023

Background: The good clinical-functional outcomes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) depend on several factors, such as the surgical time and the adequate positioning of the prosthesis components. The present study aims to evaluate whether the preservation of retropatellar fat pad during the surgical act influences the rotational alignment of the tibial component and the surgical time of the procedure.
Methods: The study was carried out with 50 patients operated on by the main author, who were randomly divided into two groups, experimental and control. For the evaluation of the positioning of the tibial component, the patients underwent computed tomography (CT) four weeks after the surgery, on average. Casuistry was determined by pilot study with the first five patients of each group. For the sample calculation, the t-student test was used for two independent samples.
Results: All patients presented internal rotation of the tibial component, with no statistical difference in mean rotation between the experimental and control groups. When there was complete detachment of the fat in the experimental group, the tibial component showed greater external rotation, with a statistical difference. Surgical time was shorter in the experimental group, varying in this group according to the degree of osteoarthrosis.
Conclusions: Maintenance of retropatellar fat pad did not influence the rotational alignment of the tibial component; however, in patients with advanced osteoarthrosis, such maintenance increases the surgical time.
Comprehensive assessment of the parameters of adaptive capacity and ecological stability of genotypes for winter garlic breeding
Authors: Skorina V. V. , Skoryna Vit. V.
Published: July 2023

Relevance. Considering the regional peculiarities of the climate of Belarus in the cultivation of garlic, it is relevant to create varieties with high yields, environmental stability, winter hardiness and product quality in changing environmental conditions. The aim of the research is a comprehensive assessment of the genotypes of winter garlic according to the parameters of adaptability and the selection of the most stable samples among them.Materials and methods. The research was carried out on the experimental field of the Department of Fruit and Vegetable Growing of the Belarusian State Agricultural Academy, Gorki, Mogilev region during 2018-2022. The objects were collectible samples of winter garlic of various ecological and geographical origin. Field and laboratory experiments were carried out using generally accepted methods and guidelines. Meteorological conditions during the years of research differed both in temperature indicators and the amount of precipitation, which contributed to an objective assessment of the studied samples according to a complex of economically useful signs and the determination of parameters of adaptive capacity and environmental stability.Results. As a result a comprehensive assessment of the parameters of adaptive capacity and environmental stability of genotypes was given. The results of the data obtained when studying the reaction of genotypes to the medium showed that 44% (11) of the 25 genotypes were unstable with a positive reaction to the medium, and 56% (14) were stable. Studies have revealed diversity among genotypes in terms of the main parameters of adaptability, including SCGi. The analysis of the data obtained makes it possible to determine the common properties of genotypes with a high level of the SCGi parameter or the differences between them and other issues of the specificity of genotypes with a different combination of adaptability and stability parameters. The specificity consists in a combination of maximum values of the level of parameters Xi, OASi, CACi, with significant responsiveness to improving environmental conditions (bi) and average relative stability. A genotype with a low value of the SCGi parameter can be highly stable and serve as a source of this property. In the opposite case, it can be used as a parent form to transmit to the offspring the properties of productivity in combination with stability.
Krajobraz historyczno-polityczny separatystycznej Katalonii
Authors: Kozłowska-Socha Zofia
Published: July 2023

W artykule przedstawiono spektrum polityczne i kulturowe oraz zarys historii Katalonii w okresie od VIII w. aż do czasów obecnych. Celem pracy było przedstawienie korzeni i przyczyn rozwoju ruchu separatystycznego w Katalonii.
Myślenie w edukacji
Authors: Lipman Matthew
Published: July 2023

Tłumaczenie publikacji M. Lipmana (1923–2010) – klasyka teorii edukacji, twórcy programu Philosophy for Children, który zapoczątkował nowy ruch edukacyjny ukierunkowany na rozwijanie myślenia. Książka stanowi syntezę wiedzy na ten temat. Autor skupia się na trzech formach myślenia: twórczym, krytycznym I troskliwym oraz sposobach Ich rozwijania. Publikacja dla pedagogów, nauczycieli, edukatorów, studentów pedagogiki i innych kierunków humanistyczno-społecznych, badaczy edukacji, filozofów – dla wszystkich zainteresowanych sposobami postępowania umożliwiającymi uczniom na wszystkich poziomach kształcenia stanie się ludźmi bardziej refleksyjnymi, rozumniejszymi i rozsądniejszymi. Lipman nie tylko przedstawia podstawy rzemiosła myślenia i sądzenia, ale pokazuje również, jak podstawowe narzędzie ukierunkowywania edukacji na myślenie – wspólnotę dociekania – można wykorzystać do zmniejszenia przemocy w klasie szkolnej i udoskonalenia kształcenia dzieci z grup ryzyka. Dla praktyki pedagogicznej cenne są zwłaszcza przykłady naturalnych sytuacji szkolnych (instruktażowe dialogi, cytowane pytania). Mogą one dostarczyć nauczycielom ogólnych wskazówek, w jaki sposób konstruował własną praktykę edukacyjną ukierunkowaną na myślenie. Parafrazując tytuł książki i łącząc go z serią wydawniczą: edukacja ukierunkowana na myślenie to mądra edukacja – taka, która w przemyślany sposób prowadzi uczniów i nauczycieli ku mądrości.
Edukacja do samodzielności. Warsztaty z dociekań filozoficznych. Scenariusze zajęć
Authors: Pobojewska Aldona
Published: July 2023

Publikacja ta jest zapowiadaną trzecią częścią monografii metody edukacyjnej, tzw. warsztatów z dociekań filozoficznych (dalej WDF). O ile dwie pierwsze części wydane w jednym tomie pt. „Edukacja do samodzielności. Warsztaty z dociekań filozoficznych. Teoria i metodyka” (Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź 2019, 283 s.) traktują o podstawach teoretycznych i metodycznych przywołanych zajęć, to ta część zawiera ich opatrzone szczegółowymi informacjami scenariusze. „Warsztaty z dociekań filozoficznych” są dla polskiego czytelnika relatywnie nowym narzędziem. Mówiąc najogólniej, służy ono do wyrabiania umiejętności, motywacji oraz społecznych i poznawczych postaw związanych ze zdobyciem intelektualnej i moralnej samodzielności ({j. umiejętność stawiania pytań problemowych, formułowania własnego stanowiska i jego argumentacji, krytycznego myślenia, wrażliwość, wyobraźni, kreatywności i wielu innych). Badania wskazują, że polska młodzież przejawia niedostatki w zakresie wymienionych powyżej kompetencji miękkich, co istotnie zmniejsza jej zdolności przystosowania się do realiów współczesnego świata. Zdalne nauczanie w okresie pandemii pogłębiło te deficyty i nauczyciele potrzebują środków do zaradzenia tej sytuacji. Wykorzystanie WDF w edukacji może przyczynić się do poprawy tego stanu rzeczy. WDF są narzędziem uniwersalnym w dwojakim sensie. Raz – można je stosować na każdym poziomie nauczania (od przedszkola do uniwersytetu III wieku) w różnych placówkach kształceniowych i wychowawczych. Pełnią bowiem swoją rolę niezależnie od wieku i poziomu intelektualnego uczestników. Dwa – nadają się do pracy na wszystkich przedmiotach, a szczególnie sprawdzają się na lekcjach etyki.
Improving the quality of electricity in power supply systems with reservation from diesel generator plants
Authors: Tretyakov Evgeny A. , Meshcheryakov Alexander V.
Published: July 2023

Subject of research: substantiation of the parameters and application of FACTS-devices of the STATCOM type for improving the quality of electricity in power supply systems with redundancy from diesel generator sets.

Purpose of research: is to substantiate technical solutions based on semiconductor devices with reactive and active power generation aimed at improving the quality of electricity in remote power supply systems powered in backup mode from diesel generator sets.

Methods and objects of research: fast Fourier transform, instantaneous power theory, simulation in Matlab Simulink. The object of research is the power supply system with a complete transformer substation 10/0.4 kV and redundancy from diesel generator sets.

Main results of research: the article presents the features of ensuring the redundancy of the considered power supply system, taking into account the quality of electricity and the rationale for technical solutions to improve it when supplying the household loads of the village in the backup mode from the DGU based on simulation modeling. A spectral analysis of a sharply variable load curve was performed. It is proposed to use a three-level STATCOM at a voltage of 0.4 kV with a supercapacitor storage, which requires less storage energy than a buffer storage, to ensure the quality of electricity when powered by a diesel generator set. The results of the studies carried out testify to the prospects of using STATCOM with a storage device to improve the quality of electricity in low-voltage networks.
Purpose and tasks of punishment
Authors: Melyukhanova Evgeniya E.
Published: July 2023

Subject of research: is the norms of the criminal law devoted to the purposes of criminal punishment.
Purpose of the study is to determine the purpose and objectives of punishment, as well as the need for their legislative consolidation.
Methods of research: due to the specifics of the study, the methods of system-structural and functional analysis are used as the main ones.
Main results of research: since punishment is a consequence of the commission of a crime, it is self-sufficient and does not need an essential goal-setting, as a result of the conducted research, we believe that it is necessary to abandon the formulation of the purpose of punishment in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
Eight new species of Microchirita (Gesneriaceae: Didymocarpoideae) from Thailand
Authors:   Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore 259569., Middleton David J. , Tetsana Naiyana ,   Forest Herbarium, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, 61 Phahonyothin Road, Lat Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand., Suddee Somran ,   Forest Herbarium, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, 61 Phahonyothin Road, Lat Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand., Puglisi Carmen ,   Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, U.K.
Published: July 2023

Eight new species of Microchirita (Gesneriaceae) from Thailand are described: Microchirita candida, M. chonburiensis, M. formosa, M. fuscifaucia, M. poomae, M. rayongensis, M. striata and M. suwatii. With the addition of these species, 37 species are now recorded for Thailand, considerably more than any other country.
A Review on Dimension Stone Extraction Methods
Authors: Dassanayake Anjula Buddhika Nayomi , Samarakoon Anjana Udara , Chaminda Samarasuriya Patabendige , Jayawardena Chulantha Lakmal , Suduweli Kondage Yasanga , Kannangara Kannangara Appuhamilage Tharindu Theekshana
Published: July 2023

This comprehensive review paper provides a detailed analysis of the extraction methods employed in the dimension stone industry. Natural rock materials used in construction, have been historically extracted using primitive techniques such as thermal shock, hammer and chisel, and plug and feather. However, significant technological advancements have revolutionized the industry, leading to the widespread adoption of mechanized methods. One highly efficient technique is diamond wire cutting, which involves the utilization of diamond-engraved bits affixed to a tensioned steel wire. This method has demonstrated remarkable capabilities in minimizing waste generation and ensuring exceptional machining quality. Nonetheless, challenges such as high operating costs and wire breakage persist and require further investigation. In addition to diamond wire cutting, this review explores the utilization of circular diamond saws and frame sawing as alternative extraction methods. The geotechnical characteristics of the stone play a critical role in the selection of appropriate machinery, and researchers worldwide have conducted numerous studies to investigate the impact of each parameter on the extraction efficiency of these mechanized techniques. Moreover, controlled blasting with explosives emerges as a promising alternative for dimension stone extraction, warranting further exploration and optimization.
Process Analysis of the Production of Biofuels-Like Fractions by Catalytic Cracking of Palm Oil: Effect of Catalyst Reuse and Reac-Tion Time of the Yield, Quality and Physical-Chemical Properties of OLP
Authors: Machado Nélio Teixeira , Mota Andréia de Andrade Mancio da , Santanna Jhuliana da Silva , Gama Valtiane de Jesus Pantoja da , Zamian José Roberto , Borges Luiz Eduardo Pizarro , Mota Silvio Alex Pereira da
Published: July 2023

In this work, the influence of catalyst reuse and reaction time on the yield and quality of organic liquid products (OLP) obtained in a cracking pilot plant at 450 °C and 1.0 atm has been systematically investigated. The distillation of OLP produced 04 (four) distilled fractions. The quality of the biofuels was certified by physical-chemical analysis, as well as FT-IR and GC-MS analysis. The experimental results showed the feasibility of applying the spent sodium carbonate twice in catalytic cracking of vegetable oils. The physical-chemical properties (density, viscosity, acid value, saponification value, and flash point) of OLP decrease as the reaction time increases. The distillation of OLP yields 62.35% (wt.), producing green-like gasoline, kerosene, and diesel fractions rich in hydrocarbons. Therefore, biofuels-like fractions produced by distillation of OLP have a great potential for replacing partially petroleum derived fuels.
Digital Twins for Built Environment. A Review on Key Enablers
Authors: Piras Giuseppe , Agostinelli Sofia
Published: July 2023

The emergence of Digital Twin (DT) technology is creating unique opportunities for human so-ciety in terms of real-time data transfer from the physical environment to its digital replica. DT technology has two-way interaction capabilities that enable data exchange between physical and virtual environments, creating bidirectional data flows. Progress has been made in different in-dustry sectors, but the Architecture, Engineering, Construction, and Operation (AECO) sector still requires further development. Recent studies have shown the potential for DT-based platform implementation in the lifecycle management of buildings and infrastructure. This paper examines the development and implementation of DT technology in the construction sector, identifying key definitions, enablers and use cases, while comparing its use with other industries and evaluating benefits and future potential.
Target soybean leaf automatic segmentation based on object detection and interactive segmentation models
Authors: Wang Dong , Huang Zetao , Yuan Haipeng , Liang Yun , Tu Shuqin , Yang Cunyi
Published: July 2023

Plant phenotype plays an important role in crop breeding and planting. Leaf phenotype is an important part of plant phenotype. In order to analyze the leaf phenotype, the target leaf is required to be segmented from the complex background image. In this paper, an automatic soybean leaf segmentation method based on object detection and interactive segmentation models is proposed. Firstly, the Libra R-CNN object detection algorithm is used to detect all soybean leaves in the image. Then, based on the idea that the target soybean leaf is located in the center of the image and the area is large, the detection bounding box of the target leaf is selected. In order not to destroy the segmentation result, the bounding box is optimized to completely enclose the whole leaf. Finally, according to the optimized bounding box, the prior channels of foreground and background are constructed using Gaussian model. The two channels together with the original image are as the input of the interactive object segmentation with inside-outside guidance model to segment the target soybean leaf. A large number of qualitative and quantitative experimental results show that the method has high segmentation accuracy and strong generalization capacity.
Plasma Ion Bombardment Induced Heat Flux on the Wafer Surface in Inductively Coupled Plasma Reactive Ion Etch
Authors: Cho Sung Il , Park Hyun Keun , An Surin , Hong Sang Jeen
Published: July 2023

Plasma plays an important role in semiconductor processes. With the recent miniature and integration, the control of plasma became essential for the success in critical dimension of a few nanometers and etch narrow and deep holes with high aspect ratios. Recently, the etching process has reached physical limitations due to a significant increase in wafer surface temperature under the elevated amount of RF power, affecting not only the warpage phenomenon but also etching uniformity and etching profiles. Therefore, the plasma characteristics are identified using invasive single Langmuir probe (SLP) for wafer temperature diagnosis. Optical data is obtained through a non-invasive optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and the plasma parameters are derived to compare and verify with the SLP. Two variables, electron temperature and electron density, are substituted for the heat flux formula to derive the heat flux according to its location. Using a wafer-type temperature sensor, check the derived heat flux values and compare trends. Such studies are expected to be able to calculate heat flux values in real time, anticipate wafer temperatures, and solve existing problems.
Toxicity studies on intrathecal injection of low dose of DMSO used for cryopreservation of human astrocytes in mice
Authors: Sonnenfeld Tehila , Rauchbach Einat , Downey Rotem , Blumenkrants Daniel , Kuperstein Graciela , Kronfeld Noam , Margalit Raanan , Morad Vered , Nyska Abraham , Slutsky Shalom Guy , Revel Michel , Izrael Michal
Published: July 2023

Background
AstroRx® is an allogeneic cell therapy, composed of healthy and functional human astrocytes derived from pluripotent embryonic stem cells. An intrathecal injection of a fresh formulation of AstroRx® cells for the treatment of ALS was evaluated in an early-phase clinical trial. The results of this study indicated that the treatment is safe and showed a signal of a clinical benefit in attenuating ALS progression. Due to the logistical challenges associated with the manufacturing and distribution of a fresh cell product, a cryopreserved formulation of AstroRx® was developed. The cryopreseved AstroRx® product includes 3.5% DMSO as a cryoprotectant. Upon thawing at the clinical site, the cryopreserved product is diluted before its use to achieve a concentration of 0.23% DMSO.
Objective
To evaluate the toxicity of DMSO-containing cryopreserved AstroRx® as compared to the fresh AstroRx® following their intrathecal injection into mice.
Methods
In vitro compatibility assessment between cryopreserved and fresh AstroRx® formulations, including cell viability, cell number, cell identity, impurities, safety and potency, was performed. In addition, a neurotoxicity assessment of intrathecal injection of DMSO alone was tested in immunocompetent ICR mice using two concentrations of DMSO, 0.25% and 0.5%. The neurotoxicity of DMSO-containing cryopreserved AstroRx® product was evaluated in immunodeficient NSG mice.
Results
In-vitro comparability results demonstrated similarity between fresh AstroRx® (n = 13) and cryopreserved AsrtroRx® (n = 11) cell batches in all tested parameters. Intrathecal injection of DMSO at a concentration of 0.25% or 0.5% showed no difference, as compared to the control group, in food consumption, body weight, clinical symptoms, as well as neurological locomotor and beam tests, for 7 days post injection. Similarly, a single intrathecal injection of AstroRx® cryopreserved with DMSO following thawing or fresh AstroRx® to NSG mice was not associated with neurological signs or major systemic adverse effects during the 4- week study period. The presence of both fresh and cryopreserved AstroRx® cells at 4 weeks post injection was confirmed by Alu in-situ hybridization.
Conclusion
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Bioequivalence of Test Insulin Glargine versus Reference Preparation (Lantus®) in Healthy Male Volunteers—by Euglycemic Clamp Technique
Authors: Zhang Ting , Tao Yi , Wan Lei , Zhu Mingxue , Zhang Peilin , Tang Chengyong
Published: July 2023

Aim
To evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD) and bioequivalence of two insulin glargine preparations in Chinese healthy male subjects.
Methods
Randomized, open, two-sequence, four-period, single-dose, crossover design was applied in this study. A total of 40 healthy Chinese men were recruited and randomly divided into RTRT or TRTR groups. Pharmacodynamic parameters of the preparations were measured by a 24h euglycemic clamp test. Plasma insulin glargine concentration and C-peptide were collected during the trial and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). SAS V9.4 was used for calculation of pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic parameters and the equivalence of the two preparations.
Results
The average concentration of C-peptide of each sequence was lower than the baseline. PK parameters cmax of the test and the reference preparation insulin glargine were 0.580 and 0.614 ng·mL− 1, and the AUC0 − 24hwere 9.782 and 10.436 h·ng·mL− 1, respectively. PD parameters GIRmax were 42.748 and 45.279 mg·kg− 1·min− 1, AUCGIR,0−24h were 2.924 and 3.096 h·mg·kg− 1·min− 1, respectively. There was no clinically significant adverse reaction observed during the experiment.
Conclusion
The quality of the glucose clamp in this study is superior. The test insulin Glargine was bioequivalent with the reference preparation.
Investigating Arterial Stiffness in Hypertensive Individuals: Insights from Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring and Correlation with Clinical and Laboratory Parameters
Authors: Tufekci Damla , Sahutoglu Tuncay , Kara Ekrem
Published: July 2023

Introduction
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) has gained importance for its ability to measure multiple parameters and provide insights into arterial stiffness (AS). This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the relationship between aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), 24-hour ABPM, and clinical and laboratory parameters in hypertensive individuals.
Methods
Hypertensive outpatients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected, and 24-hour ABPM measurements were obtained using the Mobil-O-Graph device. Statistical analyses, including correlation tests and linear regression, were conducted to identify independent factors associated with PWV.
Results
A total of 131 participants were included. Patients with elevated blood pressure, higher body mass index, an increased number of antihypertensive agents, older age, diabetes status, higher fasting plasma glucose, elevated serum creatinine, uric acid, and proteinuria exhibited higher PWV values. Conversely, PWV showed negative correlations with estimated glomerular filtration rate and albumin levels. Systolic non-dippers exhibited increased PWV, while no such association was found in diastolic non-dippers. Pulse pressure, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure positively correlated with PWV. Independent determinants of PWV were identified as age, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and systolic dipping.
Conclusion
The influence of the nocturnal dipping pattern on AS varies depending on specific blood pressure components. Increased AS is associated with higher blood pressure levels, impaired renal function, advanced age, higher body mass index, and diabetes. Effective management and control of these factors linked to increased AS are crucial for reducing the risk of cardiovascular complications.
The projected changes in the surface energy budget of the CMIP5 and Euro-CORDEX models: are we heading toward wetter growing seasons in Central Europe?
Authors: Skalák Petr , Meitner Jan , Fischer Milan , Orság Matěj , Graf Alexander , Bláhová Monika , Trnka Miroslav
Published: July 2023

We analyze the surface energy budget from two ensembles of climate models and its future changes in the 21st century under the RCP8.5 scenario. High-resolution Euro-CORDEX regional climate models (RCMs) and their driving CMIP5 global climate models (GCMs) are first tested in Central Europe against gridded observational datasets. Evaluation reveals the added value of RCMs in terms of spatial variability and smaller biases. GCMs are affected by the positive bias of global irradiance that propagates into other radiation and heat fluxes. There are strong differences in the projected surface energy budget components between GCMs and RCMs. There is an increase in global irradiance for most of the year in GCMs that is translated into a year-round enhancement of the absorbed solar energy and balanced by higher latent heat flux, except in summer, when the sensible heat flux rises strongly. Together with strong warming and reduced precipitation in summer, this leads to warm, sunny, and dry conditions with reduced evapotranspiration and higher drought stress for vegetation. In the RCMs, the reduction in global irradiance dominates, and it is translated into a round-year reduction in the net balance of longwave radiation and stronger latent heat flux. The first months of the growing season show weaker warming associated with higher rainfall and evapotranspiration. In summer, precipitation drops, and global irradiance and warming rise, but they fall behind the changes in the GCMs. There are no visible signs of conditions leading to a reduction in evapotranspiration or a shortage of soil water in the RCMs in summer.
Non-communicable diseases, digital education and considerations for the Indian context – a scoping review
Authors: Karan Anup , Hussain Suhaib , Jensen Lasse , Buhl Alexandra , Bearman Margaret , Zodpey Sanjay
Published: July 2023

Introduction- The increasing ageing of population with growth in NCD burden in India has put an unprecedented pressure on India’s health care systems. Shortage of skilled human resources in health, particularly of specialists equipped to treat NCDs, is one of the major challenges faced in India. Keeping in view the shortage of healthcare professionals and the guidelines in NEP 2020, there is an urgent need for more health professionals who have received training in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of NCDs. This paper conducts a scoping review of the published research examining digital education of health professionals within NCD topics.
Methods- We searched four databases using a three-element search string with terms related to digital education, health professions, and terms related to NCD. Data was extracted from 29 included studies that reported on empirical research into digital educational related to non-communicable disease in health professionals of India. Data were analysed thematically.
Results- The target groups were mostly in-service health professionals but there was also a considerable number of studies included pre-service students of medicine (n=6) and nursing (n=6). Among the health professionals, most were nurses (n=12), followed by medical practitioners/doctors (n=8) and other health professionals (n=8) including emergency technicians, primary care providers, medical assistants etc. While majority of the studies included were experimental or observational, randomized control trials and evaluations were also part of our study.
Discussion- Digital HPE related to NCDs has proven to be beneficial for learners and at the same time offer an effective way to bypass geographical barriers. Despite these positive attributes, digital HPE faces many challenges for its successful implementation in the Indian context. Owing to the multi-lingual and diverse health professional ecosystem in India, there is a need for strong evidence and guidelines based on prior research to Indian context.
Analysis of early intermediate states of the nitrogenase reaction by Se incorporation and regularization of EPR spectra
Authors: Schleicher Erik , Heidinger Lorenz , Perez Kathryn , Spatzal Thomas , Einsle Oliver , Weber Stefan , Rees Douglas
Published: July 2023

Due to the complexity of the catalytic FeMo cofactor site in nitrogenases that mediates the reduction of molecular nitrogen to ammonium, mechanistic details of this reaction remain under debate. In this study, selenium- and sulfur-incorporated FeMo cofactors of the catalytic MoFe protein component from Azotobacter vinelandii were prepared under turnover conditions and investigated by using different EPR methods. Complex signal patterns were observed in the continuous wave EPR spectra of selenium-incorporated samples, which were analyzed by Tikhonov regularization, a method that has not yet been applied to high spin systems of transition metal cofactors, and by an already established grid-of-error approach. Both methods yielded similar probability distributions that revealed the presence of at least four other species with different electronic structures in addition to the ground state E0. Some of these species were preliminary assigned to hydrogenated E2 states. In addition, advanced pulsed-EPR experiments were utilized to verify the incorporation of sulfur and selenium into the FeMo cofactor, and to assign hyperfine couplings of 33S and 77Se that directly couple to the FeMo cluster. With this analysis, we report selenium incorporation under turnover conditions as a straightforward approach to stabilize and analyze early intermediate states of the FeMo cofactor.
How is Customer Commitment Established in the Era of Experience ? An Impact Mechanism Research on Customer Commitment to Customer Experience from Utilitarian and Hedonic Perspectives
Authors: Fang Lingzhi Brian , Li Fuda , Yang Hongwei William
Published: July 2023

We are already in the era of experience. Despite the extensive prior discussion of customer experience, there is still a research gap between customer experience and customer commitment. Given that both customer experience and customer commitment have been highly emphasized by industries and academics, and previous studies have identified utilitarian and hedonic values gain much popularity in the experience era, the impact mechanism of customer experience on customer commitment necessitates further explorations from this point of view. Therefore, this study focuses on this research gap and thus proposes a theoretical model from the aspects of utilitarian and hedonic value. After collecting 405 questionnaires and then adopting several statistical methods to examine the theoretical model, this study finds that customer commitment can be constructed through customer experience from both aspects of utilitarian and hedonic value. In summary, this study provides several theoretical contributions to better understand the roles played by customer commitment, customer experience, and the utilitarian and hedonic values of brands or products. Simultaneously, several practical implications are proposed as well.
Predictive Biomarker Profiles in Cancer Using a Unique AI Model Based on Set Theory
Authors: Lazaris Anthoula , Tsamchoe Migmar , Kaplan Susan , Metrakos Peter , Hayes Nathan
Published: July 2023

The current study applies a new artificial intelligence (AI) method, ALiX, which is based on interval arithmetic, to analyze and interpret biological data for a clinical problem: identification of biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. Key unique and important features of this study is that ALiX provides an explanation to our medical hypothesis in the form of a list of ranked protein biomarkers that identifies which biomarkers are the most significant drivers of the predicted outcome, a capability that is not currently available in other AI applications. This study identifies a unique profile for stratifying cancer patients and for further stratifying the patients with cancer into subtypes that respond to treatment or not.
Stress field in the northeastern Japan and its relationship with faults of recent earthquakes
Authors: Tagami Ayaka , Matsuno Miu , Okada Tomomi , Sakai Shin'ichi , Ohzono Mako , Katsumata Kei , Kosuga Masahiro , Yamanaka Yoshiko , Katao Hiroshi , Matsushima Takeshi , Yakiwara Hiroshi , Hirahara Satoshi , Kono Toshio , Hori Shu'ichiro , Matsuzawa Toru , Kimura Shuutoku , Nakayama Takashi ,   Group for the aftershock observations of the 2011 _
Published: July 2023

Inversion tectonics, an old normal fault that acts as a reverse fault in the current stress field, is frequently observed in northeastern Japan (Tohoku District). Furthermore, new reverse faults that formed in the current stress field are distributed in this area; however, the conditions that control these fault activities remain unclear. To investigate the condition of fault activity and its regional variation in the current stress field, the stress field in Tohoku District and the likelihood of fault activities are estimated in this study using slip tendency (ST) analysis. In the eastern margin of the Japan Sea (EMJS) area, the reverse fault type of the stress field is dominant. Therefore, the maximum horizontal direction changes clockwise from E-W to NW-SE, from the northern to the southern region. In addition, it changes counterclockwise from NW-SE to EW from the Japan Sea area to the inland area. In the Tohoku inland area, the estimated direction of the maximum horizontal axis changed before and after the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake. Before the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake, it was E-W to WNW-ESE. Therefore, only the stress field before the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake was used to calculate the ST values for seven events in the EMJS and four events in the Tohoku inland area. The results of the ST analysis showed eastward-dipping fault planes with low dip angles (approximately 30°–45°) and large ST values (approximately > 0.7). A large ST value indicates that the fault is favorable for slip in the stress field. A fault plane with a large ST value is consistent with the actual fault plane in the EMJS area. However, in the Tohoku inland area and southern part of the 1993 Hokkaido Nansei-Oki earthquake, the fault planes with large ST values were inconsistent with the actual fault plane, indicating that fault planes are unfavorable for slipping under the current stress field. These regional differences are consistent with the volcano distribution; therefore, the fluid supply from volcanic activity may help the fault slip under difficult stress conditions.
The Dynamics of Bargaining Power in a Principal-Agent Model
Authors: Giannatale Sonia Di , Curiel-Cabral Itza Tlaloc Quetzalcoatl , Basulto Genaro
Published: July 2023

We propose a dynamic principal-agent model where the agent's bargaining power is the state variable and a law of motion that governs their bargaining power's behavior. Furthermore, we demonstrate the equivalence between our formulation of the dynamic principal-agent relationship and the standard formulation in which the state variable is the agent's reservation utility. Also, we propose and implement a numerical strategy to approximate our model's optimal contract and corroborate our equivalence results. Our numerical results indicate that agents with the same relative risk aversion might show different paths of their bargaining powers, and that more powerful the incentives ensue higher variability in the agent's salary. Finally, we explore the relationship between firm performance and CEO compensation by proposing an empirical equation, that is brought about from our law of motion and numerical results, to identify CEOs’ bargaining power and use model-generated data to validate it.
JEL Codes: C61, D86.