bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Confusion, dissociation and bizarre behaviour as the onset of an early Susac syndrome
Authors: Pérez-Lombardo Marta , Alberdi-Páramo Íñigo , Ramos-Barragán Belén , Gimeno-Álvarez Diana
Published: August 2019

A 47-year-old woman presented an episode of confusion and disorientation. According to remarkable psychiatric records, she had been treated for major depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder; however, no other relevant background was known. After preliminary examinations, blood analysis and neurological tests were unspecific and inconclusive. Therefore, the case was treated as a possible psychiatric episode related to her previous psychiatric disorders. However, due to the atypical presentation of the case, a cerebral MRI was performed, which demonstrated multiple central lesions of the corpus callosum (‘snowball lesions’), as well as several supratentorial white matter lesions. As a result of the follow-up of the case, sensorineural hearing loss and branch retinal artery were detected, which concluded in the classic triad and the confirmation of the diagnosis of a Susac syndrome.
Unique association of multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A and congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract in a child with aRETmutation
Authors: Wood Olivia R , Else Tobias , Sampson Matthew G
Published: August 2019

Pathogenic variants in theRETgene can cause isolated and multi-system diseases. We report a patient diagnosed prenatally with unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney and genitourinary abnormality whose mother had multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A). TargetedRETsequencing found the same pathogenic variant p.C618S in the child as her mother. The child is followed by paediatric nephrology for congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) and by endocrine oncology for surveillance for MEN2A-related endocrine tumours. While implicated in each of these conditions individually,RETvariants have never been reported to cause MEN2A and CAKUT together. This child’s family history promptedRETsequencing, resulting in presymptomatic, personalised care for MEN2A. However, this case supports the idea that genetic screening ofRET(and many other genes) in patients with CAKUT may lead to molecular diagnoses that potentially improve their health through precision care.
Rare case of implantable cardioverter defibrillator infection caused byStenotrophomonas maltophiliaandPantoea calida
Authors: Ajam Mustafa , Shokr Mohamed , Ajam Firas , Lieberman Randy
Published: August 2019

Despite the numerous advancements in cardiac implantable electronic defibrillator (CIED) designs and implantation techniques, device-related infections continue to represent significant morbidity and mortality. Although Gram-positive bacteria remain the most commonly reported organisms, various other bacterial families have been reported. We describe a 61-year-old patient with a history of non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy who presented with implantable cardioverter defibrillator pocket infection due toStenotrophomonas maltophiliaandPantoea calidathat developed a few days following the device generator replacement. Early device explantation, tissue sampling and initiation of sensitivity-directed antibiotics are necessary steps for early diagnosis and management of such CIED-related infections.S. maltophiliaandP. calidashould be added to the expanding list of the causative organisms behind CIED-related infections. Our case and available literature demonstrated excellent sensitivity of these two organisms to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim treatment.
Automated anterior chamber angle pigmentation analyses using 360° gonioscopy
Authors: Matsuo Masato , Pajaro Simone , De Giusti Andrea , Tanito Masaki
Published: August 2019

Purpose

To assess the pigmentation distribution in the iridocorneal angle using an established algorithm with gonioscopically obtained images.

Methods

Manual and automatically modified Scheie’s pigmentation grading (ie, 0/I=0, II=1 and III/IV=2) of trabecular meshwork was performed using an established algorithm on the 75 open-angle eyes of 75 subjects obtained by automated gonioscopy. All images were collected at the Matsue Red Cross Hospital in 2016. The differences in the pigmentation density were compared statistically between the automated and manual techniques and among the four sectors (ie, inferior, superior, temporal and nasal) and the four quadrants.

Results

There was substantial agreement between both grading methods (kappa value=0.70). There was no significant difference between the automated and manual grading in any sectors except for the superior (p=0.0004). The automated pigmentation grade was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the inferior sector (mean grade, 1.43) than in the others (mean grade, 0.48~0.76), and it was also significantly (p<0.05) higher in the inferior quadrant (mean grade, 3.56) than in the others (mean grade, 1.64~2.24). The findings were similar for manual grading.

Conclusions

The entire distribution of the pigmentation in the anterior chamber angle was classified successfully using the algorithm, and the automated versus manual grading comparison showed good agreement. The automated pigmentation grading scores in the inferior sector and inferior quadrant were significantly higher than in the others as previously reported. Similar findings also were seen for manual grading.
Hypertension prevalence alteration in 92 815 nurses based on the new standard by 2017 ACC/AHA hypertension guideline: observational cross-sectional study from China
Authors: Zhao Bin , Li Jing , Liu Jie , Hao Yuming , Zhen Yanjie , Feng Di , Xu Menghui , Chen Ximin , Yang Xiulan , Zuo Aifang , Jia Rufu , Zhang Ruiqin , Fan Ailing , Wang Yun , Yuan Meijin , Tong Li , Chen Shuling , Cui Jing , Zhao Meizhu , Cui Wei
Published: August 2019

Objectives

This study aimed to elucidate the status of hypertension and to analyse the hypertension changes in prevalence, awareness, treatment and control rate among the portion of Chinese nursing staff based on the 2017 American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) High Blood Pressure Guideline and the 2010 Chinese Guideline for the Management of Hypertension.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

512 medical institutions in 13 cities in Hebei Province.

Participants

The candidates of registered nurses from 512 medical institutions in 13 cities in Hebei Province (N=143 772) were invited to participate in the survey, and few of them who refused to participate were excluded from the research group based on the reasons that 93 603 incumbent nurses at the age of 18–65 accepted to the survey and submitted questionnaires online. Undoubtedly, a response rate of 65.11% was achieved. After excluding 788 individuals with incomplete information in the questionnaires, 92 815 participants were included in the final analysis.

Main outcome measures

The prevalence, awareness, treatment and control rates of hypertension.

Results

92 815 participants were included in the final analysis, among which consisted of 3677 men (3.96%) and 89 138 women (96.04%). The mean age of the participants was 31.65 (SD=7.47) years.

We demonstrated that 26 875 nursing staff were diagnosed as having hypertension according to the new standard by the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline, more than 20 551 cases compared with the previous threshold on the 2010 Chinese guideline. The prevalence of hypertension among nursing staff was 28.96% in the context of the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline, 3.25 times higher than that (6.81%) evaluated by the criteria of the 2010 Chinese guideline. However, the awareness, treatment and control rate (13.50%, 10.73% and 0.81%) were 3.25, 3.22 and 17.48 times lower than those (57.37%, 45.30% and 14.97%) based on the 2010 Chinese guideline, respectively.

Conclusions

This research illustrated that it was crucial to improve the awareness rate, drug treatment rate and control rate of hypertension for nurses. Meanwhile, according to the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline, the prevalence of hypertension in China will increase significantly, which poses a more severe challenge to the management of hypertension in China.
The association between a non-invasive hepatic fibrosis score and urolithiasis among non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Qin Shaoyou , Wang Jiangbin , Zhou Changyu , Zhang Yonggui , Xu Yan , Wang Xu , Wang Song
Published: August 2019

Objective

Mounting data now support a strong link between the presence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and an increased risk of urolithiasis. However, little is known on the association between hepatic fibrosis and the risk of urolithiasis among NAFLD patients. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of urolithiasis among NAFLD patients and determine whether the Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score, a surrogate marker of hepatic fibrosis, is associated with urolithiasis among NAFLD patients.

Design

Cross-sectional studies.

Setting

China.

Methods

A total of 2058 adult patients with NAFLD were included in this study. Logistic regression analysis was used to detect the association between FIB-4 score and urolithiasis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the diagnostic value of FIB-4 score for the detection of urolithiasis among NAFLD patients.

Results

200 (9.7%) individuals had ultrasonography-diagnosed urolithiasis among 2058 NAFLD patients. FIB-4 score (OR=1.58; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.31), age (OR=1.11; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.13), obesity (OR=3.16; 95% CI 2.29 to 4.39) and hyperuricemia (OR=3.79; 95% CI 2.67 to 5.36) were independent factors associated with urolithiasis among NAFLD patients. Moreover, a novel algorithm including multiple variables (FIB-4 score, age, obesity and hyperuricemia) showed an area under a ROC curve of 0.813 (95% CI 0.795 to 0.829) for identifying urolithiasis among NAFLD patients. The optimal cut-off value of > −2.23 for the multivariate model provides a sensitivity of 76% and a specificity of 74% for predicting urolithiasis among NAFLD patients.

Conclusion

Urolithiasis among NAFLD patients is associated with FIB-4 score. Further, a novel algorithm based on FIB-4 score could serve as a useful tool for identifying individuals with a higher risk of urolithiasis among NAFLD patients, although prospective cohort studies are still needed in the future.
Gratitude from patients and relatives in palliative care—characteristics and impact: a national survey
Authors: Aparicio Maria , Centeno Carlos , Juliá Guillermo , Arantzamendi Maria
Published: August 2019

Objectives

To explore the expressions of gratitude (EoG) received from patients and relatives and their influence on palliative care professionals (PCPs).

Methods

A national online survey was sent to a representative of PCPs of each service listed in the national directory of palliative care (PC) services (n=272) (ie, hospital PC support team, hospice, paediatrics, etc). The questionnaire was pilot tested with experts. It comprised three sections: the overall perspective of receiving gratitude in the service, the personal experience of its influence and sociodemographic questions. A mailing schedule was designed to enhance the response rate.

Results

186 representatives from all over Spain completed the questionnaire (68% response rate). 79% of service representatives reported that they almost always received EoG. These came mainly from families (93%). These EoG were very often put on display (84%) and shared with other health professionals (HPs) involved in care (45%). EoG evoked positive feelings in the team members. Based on their experience, respondents attributed different functions to these EoG: increased professional satisfaction (89%), a source of support in difficult times (89%), mood improvement, encouragement to continue and rewards for effort (88%). Services, where gratitude was more frequently received, were associated with PCPs who more frequently reported being proud of their work (p=0.039, Pearson’s correlation test).

Conclusions

Gratitude from patients and relatives was frequent and significant to those who work in PC. HPs considered that EoG offer multiple beneficial effects and also a protective role in their practice against distress and an increase in resilience skills.
Fall-related deaths among older adults in British Columbia: cause and effect of policy change
Authors: Joshi Aayushi , Rajabali Fahra , Turcotte Kate , Beaton M Denise , Pike Ian
Published: August 2019

Background

The British Columbia Coroners Service implemented a policy in 2010 advising the reclassification of underlying causes of deaths due to falls from ‘natural’ to ‘accidental’. This study investigates whether observed data trends reflect this change in practice, are artefacts of inconsistent reporting, or indicate a true increase in fall-related deaths.

Methods

Mortality data were analysed from 2004 to 2017 for cases with International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision fall codes W00–W19, occurring among adults aged 60 years and older.

Results

From 2010 to 2012, accidental fall-related deaths increased among those aged 80 years and older, followed by an increase in natural deaths with fall as the contributing cause.

Conclusions

Changes in reporting resulting from the 2010 policy change were observed; however, post-2012 data indicate a reversion to previous reporting practices.
Patient, hospital and regional characteristics associated with undertriage of injured children in California (2005–2015): a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wang N. Ewen , Newton Christopher R. , Spain David A. , Pirrotta Elizabeth , Thomas-Uribe Monika
Published: August 2019

Background/objective

Trauma centers save lives, but they are scarce and concentrated in urban settings. The population of severely injured children in California who do not receive trauma center care (undertriage) is not well understood.

Methods

Retrospective observational study of all children (0–17 years) hospitalized for severe trauma in California (2005–2015). We used the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development linked Emergency Department and Inpatient Discharge data sets. Logistic regression models were created to analyze characteristics associated with undertriage. The model was clustered on differential distance between distance from residence to primary triage hospital and distance from residence to nearest trauma center. We controlled for body part injured, injury type, intent and year. Thea priorihypothesis was that uninsured and publicly insured children and hospitals and regions with limited resources would be associated with undertriage.

Results

Twelve percent (1866/15 656) of children with severe injury experienced undertriage. Children aged >14 years compared with 0–13 years had more than 2.5 times the odds of undertriage (OR 2.58; 95% CI 2.1 to 3.16). Children with private Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) insurance compared with public insurance had 13 times the odds of undertriage (OR 12.62; 95% CI 8.95 to 17.79). Hospitals with >400 compared with <200 beds had more than three times the odds of undertriage (OR 3.64; 95% CI 2.6 to 5.11). Urban versus suburban residence had 1.3 times increased odds of undertriage (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.67) Undertriage volume was largest in urban areas.

Conclusion

Undertriage is associated with private HMO insurance, primary triage to large hospitals and urban residence. Understanding the characteristics associated with undertriage can help improve trauma systems.

Level of evidence

Level III (non-experimental retrospective observational study).
The e-merging e-pidemic of e-scooters
Authors: Kobayashi Leslie M , Williams Elliot , Brown Carlos V , Emigh Brent J , Bansal Vishal , Badiee Jayraan , Checchi Kyle D , Castillo Edward M , Doucet Jay
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Since their release in 2017, standing electric motorized scooters (eScooters) have risen in popularity as an alternative mode of transportation. We sought to examine the incidence of injury, injury patterns, prevalence of helmet and drug and alcohol use in eScooter trauma.

Methods

This was a multi-institutional retrospective case series of patients admitted for injuries related to operation of an eScooter following the widespread release of these devices in September 2017 (September 1, 2017 to October 31, 2018). Demographics, drug and alcohol use, helmet use, admission vitals, injuries, procedures, hospital and intensive care unit length of stay (LOS), death, and disposition were analyzed.

Results

103 patients were admitted during the study period, and monthly admissions increased significantly over time. Patients were young men (mean age 37.1 years; 65% male), 98% were not wearing a helmet. Median LOS was 1 day (IQR 1–3). 79% of patients were tested for alcohol and 48% had a blood alcohol level >80 mg/dL. 60% of patients had a urine toxicology screen, of which 52% were positive. Extremity fractures were the most frequent injury (42%), followed by facial fractures (26%) and intracranial hemorrhage (18%). Median Injury Severity Score was 5.5 (IQR 5–9). One-third of patients (n=34) required an operative intervention, the majority of which were open fixations of extremity and facial fractures. No patients died during the study. The majority of patients were discharged home (86%).

Conclusion

eScooter-related trauma has significantly increased over time. Alcohol and illicit substance use among these patients was common, and helmet use was extremely rare. Significant injuries including intracranial hemorrhage and fractures requiring operative intervention were present in over half (51%) of patients. Interventions aimed at increasing helmet use and discouraging eScooter operation while intoxicated are necessary to reduce the burden of eScooter-related trauma.

Level of evidence

Level IV.
HOW DOES INVESTOR SENTIMENT INFLUENCE IPO INITIAL RETURN AND LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE? AN AGENT-BASED COMPUTATIONAL FINANCE APPROACH
Authors: XIONG XIONG , ZHANG JINYI , LV ZHENWEI , ZOU GAOFENG
Published: August 2019

This study builds an agent-based computational finance platform that can reproduce the basic characteristics of China’s initial public offering (IPO) market and explain its anomalies. The results of our computational experiments show that along with the increasing proportion of sentiment strategy investors (i.e., those with an information advantage) entering the market, the IPO underpricing rate also rises correspondingly. Sentiment investors usually suffer losses because of their irrational investment decisions, while sentiment strategy investors profit by preying on sentiment investors.
Sato–Bäcklund transformations and string equations of the mKP hierarchy
Authors: Chen Huizhan , Geng Lumin , Cheng Jipeng
Published: August 2019

Additional symmetry is an important kind of symmetries depending explicitly on the time and space variables, which can be expressed through Sato–Bäcklund transformations. In this paper, we construct Sato–Bäcklund transformations of the modified KP hierarchy and its constrained cases. Then the string equations of the [Formula: see text]-reduced modified KP hierarchy are established by requiring the system independent on some additional symmetry flows, which are expressed by the Lax operator [Formula: see text] and the Orlov–Shulman’s operator [Formula: see text]. At last, we obtain the negative Virasoro constraint on the two tau functions of the 2-reduced modified KP hierarchy satisfying the string equations.
Manufacturing and characterization of ZnO and ZnO-doped frit crystal by physical and optical methods
Authors: Khodrog Osama , Kabir Norlaili , Gong Xue , Yuan Qinghai , Liu Jianhua
Published: August 2019

This study was carried out to determine the physical and optical properties of zinc oxide (ZnO) and ZnO-doped Frit. Two groups of ZnO were prepared, namely, pure ZnO and ZnO-doped Frit. ZnO was prepared as ZnO disc and ZnO powder, and its high surface area and other characterized physical properties were expected to be the figure of merit in increasing the radiation interaction. Field emission scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) (FESEM) were utilized for analysis purposes. The particle size of pure ZnO was larger than ZnO-doped Frit in which ZnO-doped Frit particle size ranged in the scope of 260 nm, while pure ZnO was in the scope of 300 nm. The bond of the ZnO-doped Frit was better compared to pure ZnO. Raman spectroscopy characterization studies showed that the tops for both spectra displayed the same Raman shift. More top in ZnO-doped Frit was seen due to its bigger amount of impurities in the crystal. The energy gap for discs by UV of P338 was 3.37 eV, while the energy gap for ZnO-doped Frit was 3.26 eV. This study yielded impressive results in terms of the manufacture of ZnO, whereby the energy gap was proved by Ultraviolet–visible (UVV) device. In contrast, the ZnO-doped Frit generated inadequate result due to the small percentage used.
Vertex Selection Heuristics in Branch-and-Bound Algorithms for the Maximum k-Plex Problem
Authors: Wu Kuixian , Gao Jian , Chen Rong , Cui Xianji
Published: August 2019

As a relaxation of clique in graph theory, k-plex is a powerful tool for analyzing social networks and identifying cohesive structures in graphs. Recently, more and more researchers have concentrated on the algorithms for the maximum k-plex problem. Among those algorithms, a branch-and-bound algorithm proposed very recently shows a good performance on solving large sparse graphs, but does not work well on social networks. In this paper, we propose two novel vertex selection heuristic strategies for branching. The first one employs historical information of vertex reduction, and the second one is a combination of the first heuristic and the degree-based approach. Intensive experiments on Facebook benchmark show that the algorithm combining our heuristics outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithms.
Detecting ultra-fast and near-infrared pulses based on two-photon absorption in multiple quantum wells
Authors: Ocampo C. A. Álvarez , Rodríguez Carlos A. , Herrera Rodrigo Acuna
Published: August 2019

A theoretical framework and the computational infrastructure for optical characterization of a waveguide (WG) photodetector (PD) are presented based on multiples quantum well (MQW) with a rib structure that is able to resolve a light pulse with a temporal width of 10[Formula: see text]fs. Such pulses are limited to the C-band of optical telecommunications. This pulse width is shorter than the temporal resolution limit of a commercial PD, due to the nonlinear phenomenon known as nondegenerate two-photon absorption (ND2PA). The results show the importance of the operating characteristics that affect carrier generation rate (CGR).
Optical-trapping of a red Bessel beam controlled by co-propagating green Gaussian beam in azobenzene liquid crystal
Authors: Dadalyan Tigran , Tsarukyan Lusine , Drampyan Rafael
Published: August 2019

Simultaneous co-propagation of red nondiffracting Bessel beam and green Gaussian beam at milliwatt powers in a photosensitive azobenzene liquid crystal has been studied. The fine displacement of the narrow-width Gaussian beam relative to the Bessel beam central maximum showed the Bessel beam distortion and controlled bending of its core in the direction opposite to the location of green Gaussian beam. After switching off the green beam, the dynamics of restoration of Bessel beam demonstrated the pronounced optical-trapping feature of its central core and transient soliton-like propagation with reduced diameter and increased intensity and propagation depth thus forming a waveguiding channel.
Unsymmetrical bipyrrole derived highly soluble and emissive β-dialkylporphycenes with good singlet oxygen generation ability
Authors: Pati Narendra N. , Satish Kumar B. , Sivadasan Dharani , Sahoo Sipra Sucharita , Panda Pradeepta K.
Published: August 2019

Four novel [Formula: see text]-dialkylated porphycenes, [Formula: see text]. 2,12-(DEPoT and DPPoT) and 2,17-(DEPoC and DPPoC) were realized for the first time in porphycene chemistry. Unsymmetrically substituted monoalkylbipyrrole dialdehydes were subjected to McMurry coupling reactions to produce the isomeric [Formula: see text]-dialkylated porphycenes. All these porphycenes exhibit unexpectedly good solubility in common organic solvents. The positional effects of alkyl groups could be controlled through diversification in structure of porphycene cores and, as a result, their photophysical properties. DPPoT presents significant fluorescence accompanied by reasonable singlet oxygen generation ability.
THE IMPACT OF MARKETING’S INNOVATION-RELATED CAPABILITIES ON A FIRM’S INNOVATION PERFORMANCE
Authors: GÖK OSMAN , PEKER SINEM
Published: August 2019

Innovation performance is a potential source of competitive advantage for any firm. A capable marketing department (MD) can contribute significantly to the market success of the new products and services offered. Therefore, understanding the impact of marketing’s innovation-related capabilities in the innovation process is an important area of inquiry to achieve a more innovative and competitive company. This study examines the relations among relevant MD capabilities, marketing’s decision influence on innovation development and a firm’s innovation performance. The results indicate that the capabilities of the MD are strongly associated with the firm’s innovation performance. Our findings also demonstrate that marketing capabilities have a positive relationship with the department’s influence on innovation development. However, the department’s influence on innovation decisions has no effect on the firm’s innovation performance. We proposed a moderated mediation model considering a set of firm-level and environmental contingency variables. Results reveal that the proposed model relationships are indifferent for all the sub-groups of moderators.
Dream Machines
Authors: Quigg Chris
Published: August 2019

Particle accelerators and their detectors are the world’s most powerful microscopes. They enable us to inspect the constituents of matter at attometer scales, study matter under unusual conditions, and concentrate extraordinary amounts of energy into tiny volumes to create new forms of matter and initiate new phenomena. The progress of particle physics and of accelerator science and technology go hand in hand. I look to the past, present, and future, raising questions that we would like to answer about nature along the way.
Future Possibilities for Accelerators in Nuclear Physics
Authors: Nagamiya Shoji , En’yo Hideto , Tamura Hirokazu
Published: August 2019

Here, we consider the future of accelerators in nuclear physics. First, we look at the future of unstable beams toward a broader region of nuclei. Second, we review the possibilities in generating new forms of nuclear matter with heavy-ion beams. Third, we discuss the efforts to produce stronger powered proton beams for generating secondary particles, including neutrinos, kaons, muons, and anti-protons. Fourth, we discuss the possible electron–ion scatterings including their colliders. Other subjects such as hadron spectroscopy are not covered.
The Future of Industrial Accelerators and Applications
Authors: Doyle Barney L. , McDaniel Floyd “Del” , Hamm Robert W.
Published: August 2019

This section updates Volume 4 of the Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology titled “Accelerator Applications in Industry and the Environment,” published in 2011 [A. W. Chao and W. Chou (eds.), Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology, Accelerator Applications in Industry and the Environment, Vol. 4 (World Scientific, 2011)]. We also include the new material available about this field following the publication of “The Beam Business: Accelerators in Industry” in 2011 [R. W. Hamm and M. E. Hamm, Physics Today 46–51 (June 2011)] and “Industrial Accelerators and Their Applications” in 2012 [R. W. Hamm and M. E. Hamm, Industrial Accelerators and Their Applications (World Scientific, 2012)], both written and co-edited by one of us (RWH). We start with some general trends in industrial accelerator developments and applications and then move on to bringing the up-to-date developments in each article of Volume 4. In this regard, we owe a debt of gratitude to many of the authors of sections of RAST-[Formula: see text] , and they are gratefully acknowledged in each of their individual update submissions.
Future Prospects for Accelerator R&D
Authors: Tigner M.
Published: August 2019

Based on their great economic value, many current uses and state of the technology, the future of accelerators in medicine, industry, homeland security and research is assured for a long time to come. We review some of the areas in which R&D could have an important impact in the future and mention a few examples.
The Prospect for Accelerator Superconducting Magnets: HL-LHC and Beyond
Authors: Rossi Lucio , Tommasini Davide
Published: August 2019

Superconducting Magnets for High Energy Physics Accelerators are entering a new era. The successful operation of the LHC in the last decade has marked the summit of the Nb-Ti technology exploitation initiated by the Tevatron. Now, after two decades of development, Nb3Sn technology for accelerators is becoming mature and the construction of the high luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) magnets will be the most tangible sign of the new phase, with magnets that will operate well beyond the symbolic threshold of 10 T. In addition, 30 years after its discovery, the high temperature superconductors (HTSs) for accelerator magnets are under development and test, to understand if these materials can enable the 20 T range for next accelerator/colliders foreseen after 2030. The paper reviews the main issues and the criticalities of the magnets’ development for the next future project, HL-LHC, and gives the prospect for the design and technological effort that is underway in magnet technology for the energy Frontier (FCC/HE-LHC).
Reconstitution of autophagy ameliorates vascular function and arterial stiffening in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: McCarthy Cameron G. , Wenceslau Camilla F. , Calmasini Fabiano B. , Klee Nicole S. , Brands Michael W. , Joe Bina , Webb R. Clinton
Published: August 2019

Insufficient autophagy has been proposed as a mechanism of cellular aging, as this leads to the accumulation of dysfunctional macromolecules and organelles. Premature vascular aging occurs in hypertension. In fact, many factors that contribute to the deterioration of vascular function as we age are accelerated in clinical and experimental hypertension. Previously, we have reported decreased autophagy in arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs); however, the effects of restoring autophagic activity on blood pressure and vascular function are currently unknown. We hypothesized that reconstitution of arterial autophagy in SHRs would decrease blood pressure and improve endothelium-dependent relaxation. We treated 14- to 18-wk-old Wistar rats ( n = 7 vehicle and n = 8 trehalose) and SHRs ( n = 7/group) with autophagy activator trehalose (2% in drinking water) for 28 days. Blood pressure was measured by radiotelemetry, and vascular function and structure were measured in isolated mesenteric resistance arteries (MRAs) using wire and pressure myographs, respectively. Treatment with trehalose had no effect on blood pressure in SHRs; however, isolated MRAs presented enhanced relaxation to acetylcholine, in a cyclooxygenase- and reactive oxygen species-dependent manner. Similarly, trehalose treatment shifted the relaxation to the Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 to the right, indicating reduced ROCK activity. Finally, trehalose treatment decreased arterial stiffness as indicated by the slope of the stress-strain curve. Overall these data indicate that reconstitution of arterial autophagy in SHRs improves endothelial and vascular smooth muscle function, which could synergize to prevent stiffening. As a result, restoration of autophagic activity could be a novel therapeutic for premature vascular aging in hypertension.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY This work supports the concept that diminished arterial autophagy contributes to premature vascular aging in hypertension and that therapeutic reconstitution of autophagic activity can ameliorate this phenotype. As vascular age is a new clinically used index for cardiovascular risk, understanding this mechanism may assist in the development of new drugs to prevent premature vascular aging in hypertension.

Listen to this article’s corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/behind-the-bench-episode-one-cam-squared/ .
The gut microbiome and cardiovascular disease: current knowledge and clinical potential
Authors: Ahmad Adilah F. , Dwivedi Girish , O’Gara Fergal , Caparros-Martin Jose , Ward Natalie C.
Published: August 2019

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. The human body is populated by a diverse community of microbes, dominated by bacteria, but also including viruses and fungi. The largest and most complex of these communities is located in the gastrointestinal system and, with its associated genome, is known as the gut microbiome. Gut microbiome perturbations and related dysbiosis have been implicated in the progression and pathogenesis of CVD, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure. Although there have been advances in the characterization and analysis of the gut microbiota and associated bacterial metabolites, the exact mechanisms through which they exert their action are not well understood. This review will focus on the role of the gut microbiome and associated functional components in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Potential treatments to alter the gut microbiome to prevent or treat atherosclerosis and CVD are also discussed.
Phase I Study of the Novel Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) Inhibitor GSK2816126 in Patients with Advanced Hematologic and Solid Tumors
Authors: Yap Timothy A. , Winter Jane N. , Giulino-Roth Lisa , Longley Jemma , Lopez Juanita , Michot Jean-Marie , Leonard John P. , Ribrag Vincent , McCabe Michael T. , Creasy Caretha L. , Stern Melissa , Pene Dumitrescu Teodora , Wang Xiaowei , Frey Steve , Carver Jennifer , Horner Thierry , Oh Choon , Khaled Ahmed , Dhar Arindam , Johnson Peter W.M.
Published: August 2019

Purpose:

Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) activity is dysregulated in many cancers.

Patients and Methods:

This phase I study determined the safety, maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the intravenously administered, highly selective EZH2 inhibitor, GSK2816126, (NCT02082977). Doses of GSK2816126 ranged from 50 to 3,000 mg twice weekly, and GSK2816126 was given 3-weeks-on/1-week-off in 28-day cycles. Eligible patients had solid tumors or B-cell lymphomas with no available standard treatment regimen.

Results:

Forty-one patients (21 solid tumors, 20 lymphoma) received treatment. All patients experienced ≥1 adverse event (AE). Fatigue [22 of 41 (53.7%)] and nausea [20 of 41 (48.8%)] were the most common toxicity. Twelve (32%) patients experienced a serious AE. Dose-limiting elevated liver transaminases occurred in 2 of 7 patients receiving 3,000 mg of GSK2816126; 2,400 mg was therefore established as the MTD. Following intravenous administration of 50 to 3,000 mg twice weekly, plasma GSK2816126 levels decreased biexponentially, with a mean terminal elimination half-life of approximately 27 hours. GSK2816126 exposure (maximum observed plasma concentration and area under the plasma-time curve) increased in a dose-proportional manner. No change from baseline in H3K27me3 was seen in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Fourteen of 41 (34%) patients had radiological best response of stable disease, 1 patient with lymphoma achieved a partial response, 21 of 41 (51%) patients had progressive disease, and 5 patients were unevaluable for antitumor response.

Conclusions:

The MTD of GSK2816126 was established at 2,400 mg, but the dosing method and relatively short half-life limited effective exposure, and modest anticancer activity was observed at tolerable doses.
Impact of Traumatic Dental Injuries on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life of Preschool Children and Their Families Attending a Dental Trauma Care Program
Authors: Milani Ana Julia , Fonseca Alves Nathalia , Martins do Espiroto-Santo Tiago , Gonçalves Ribeiro Luciana , Ammari Michele Mikael , Antunes Leonardo Santos , Alves Antunes Lívia Azeredo
Published: August 2019

Background: Traumatic dental injury (TDI) constitutes a public health problem. Objective: The objective of this study was to detect the impact of TDI on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of preschool children in a dental trauma care program and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the OHRQoL instrument in this population. Methods: A cross-sectional study including a nonprobabilistic sample of 2- to 6-year-old children from a 5-year collection period was performed. We used Andreasen’s classification to evaluate TDI and the Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) to assess OHRQoL. Based on the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Student’s t test was applied to compare the means of impact in the cases of complicated and uncomplicated TDI considering a p value <0.05. Results: The final sample was composed of 146 children (mean age 4.31 ± 1.68 years). The search for treatment was 90% mediated and 56.7% TDI was in support of tissue. The ECOHIS had satisfactory properties (Cronbach’s α = 0.83 and test-retest/intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.79). The ECOHIS mean was 6.79 ± 8.64 for the total scale, 4.29 ± 6.46 for the child subscale, and 2.50 ± 3.06 for the family subscale. Complicated TDI had a greater impact on OHRQoL in total score (p = 0.036), child subscale (p = 0.038), symptoms domain (p = 0.049), and function domain (p = 0.030). Conclusions: The OHRQoL instrument was satisfactory. It was detected that complicated TDI impacts negatively on the OHRQoL of children and their families.
Severe Hepatotoxicity due to Ibrutinib with a Review of Published Cases
Authors: Tafesh Zaid H. , Coleman Morton , Fulmer Clifton , Nagler Jerry
Published: August 2019

Ibrutinib, an irreversible Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is an effective treatment for Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and several other types of lymphoma. Studies prior to FDA approval in 2015 failed to demonstrate any hepatotoxicity. However, since then, there have been 2 reports in the literature of severe hepatic injury. We present a third case of a 77-year-old woman presenting with nausea and jaundice after recent discontinuation of ibrutinib and compare the presentation as well as course of all 3 known cases. The sudden onset of acute hepatotoxicity is idiosyncratic, occurring weeks after starting ibrutinib treatment. Liver biopsies in all cases revealed mixed hepatocellular and cholestatic features. Improvement progressed slowly upon discontinuation of ibrutinib. Awareness of ibrutinib hepatotoxicity, periodic surveillance of liver function tests, early recognition of any abnormalities, and prompt discontinuation of the medication are recommended.
Parcours, auteurs et sujets migrants: Fatou Diome et Abdourahman Waberi
Authors: Kanga Konan Arsène
Published: August 2019

L’identité narrative se fait nouvelle naissance qui pourrait disposer l’auteur et le sujet migrants au menu de différentes réflexions sur la narration. Le déploiement de ses actions, de son parcours mémoriel pousse ainsi le sujet migrant à organiser le jeu narratif. Sa capacité à exposer les traces de sa mobilité et à montrer la réalité de son statut social en l’état, le connecte à différentes formes de l’expression, de l’écriture métafictionnelle à partir desquelles il déroule tout le tissu narratif. En le qualifiant de sujet migrant, le personnage devient ici d’abord un objet de regards. Il irradie, par son seul rapport au monde, les consciences sensibles à sa cause. Suivant les configurations de l’identité narrative, suggérées par Paul Ricœur[1], les écritures migrantes font figurer au cœur de la narration romanesque postmoderne des référents dans le texte mais en même temps dans un réseau culturel. Fatou Diome et Abdourahman Waberi interprètent ainsi cette catégorisation du personnage sous le sceau de leurs propres expériences.

[1] Paul Ricœur voit l’identité narrative comme une « interprétation de soi » qui devient récit. Ainsi, la connexion entre l’auteur et le personnage montre, par l’étroitesse du rapprochement, l’expression d’une même histoire. RICOEUR, P. Temps et récit. Paris : Seuil, 1985.
Entre vice et vertu: le double visage de la courtisane dans l’œuvre d’Alexandre Dumas fils
Authors: Traoré Soumaïla
Published: August 2019

À partir du XIXe siècle, certains romanciers vont tenter de débarrasser la courtisane des traits traditionnels. Elle n’est plus représentée sous un jour négatif, à savoir un personnage sans scrupule, sans morale, sans cœur, incapable de ressentir l’amour. Parmi ces auteurs qui vont tenter de réhabiliter l’image de la courtisane, Alexandre Dumas fils occupe une place de choix. À l’analyse de l’œuvre dumassienne, il ressort le diagnostic d’un double regard sur la catégorie sociale des courtisanes. Cette strate sociale revêt une ambigüité sous la plume d’Alexandre Dumas fils, en ce sens que la courtisane endosse tour à tour, au fil des péripéties, le manteau de la pécheresse et de la vertueuse au gré de la licence créatrice du romancier. Ainsi, si dans La Dame aux camélias, Dumas fils montre que la réhabilitation de la courtisane est possible, dans Le roman d’une femme, le romancier révèle qu’il est judicieux de la défendre et de condamner cette autre forme de prostitution pratiquée par les femmes mariées de la haute société appelées « femmes adultères ».
Formes et enjeux de la prostitution dans le sous-préfet de Mosé Chimoun
Authors: Diouf Yves
Published: August 2019

Au vingt-et-unième siècle, la thématique de la prostitution occupe une place trop importante dans la littérature africaine d’expression française. Les romanciers en parlent ouvertement en mettant en exergue les transformations sociales, politiques et économiques, car elles sont véritablement les vecteurs de cette crise morale. La banalisation de la tradition, les libertés individuelle et collective, ont largement contribué à l’expansion de la prostitution. Même les villages, terreau de la culture africaine, sont quelquefois profondément affectés comme les villes, symboles de la perdition. Les nouveaux concepts (droits et démocratie) appliqués à toutes les catégories sans aucune distinction ont donné l’occasion à certaines femmes de se livrer à plusieurs formes de prostitutions pour des raisons purement financières.
La mauvaise parole chez Choukri: d’un aspect linguistique à un aspect érotique.
Authors: El Bakkali El Arbi
Published: August 2019

Le Pain nu de Mohamed Choukri est considéré comme l’ouvrage le plus audacieux et le plus critiqué de la littérature maghrébine. Son auteur a osé dévoiler tous les évènements choquants qui ont marqué sa vie sans avoir le souci de les atténuer puisque le Maroc des années quatre-vingt était une société conser-vatrice, vu sa culture arabo-musulmane. En effet, Le Pain nu a été censuré dés son apparition en 1983. Par conséquent, l’authenticité et l’originalité de ce livre éma-nent des propos de la rue rapportés par notre auteur tels quels sont. Il dit à la page 84 : « Fous le camp ! Va-t-en ! Maudit soit le vagin qui t’a mis au monde ! » Ces propos s’inscrivent dans le registre de la mauvaise parole et plus exactement dans la rubrique des insultes. Ainsi, notre étude consiste à extraire toutes les insultes du Pain nu puis essayer de les analyser selon une approche linguistique pour mettre en valeur leurs aspects érotiques. En somme, une telle étude permet de trouver des éléments de réponse empiriques pour mieux saisir le passage crucial d’une dimension linguistique à une autre érotique quant aux séquences dites vulgaires et mauvaises du Pain nu.
Diachrony and Second Isaiah: The Preposition את and Aramaisms
Authors: Arentsen Niek
Published: August 2019

Poetry complicates the diachronic study of Second Isaiah. However, the possibility of such a study is demonstrated through a diachronic explanation of the distribution of the prepositions את and עם in the Hebrew Bible. On the other hand, the Aramaisms in Second Isaiah are shown to be conscious and for poetic purposes and therefore labeled as single-word switches that do not prove the lateness of Second Isaiah.
Paul’s Comparison of Himself with “the Abortion” (1 Cor 15:8): A Missing Link between the Qumran Book of Giants and the Manichaean Book of Giants
Authors: Scott James M.
Published: August 2019

When Paul states in 1 Cor 15:8, “Last of all, as to the abortion, he [Christ] appeared also to me” (ἔσχατον δὲ πάντων ὡσπερεὶ τῷ ἐκτρώµατι ὤφθη κἀµοί), the article τῷ indicates that Paul is referring to the well-known “abortion”/giant, ʾOhyah, the one giant—uniquely in all of extant early Jewish literature—to whom God appeared in a dream-vision signifying theophanic judgment. This casts Paul in the role of a violent giant who, on trial before Christ, acknowledged his past crimes and pled for forgiveness. This understanding of 1 Cor 15:8 has important implications not only for the interpretation of Paul and his letters, but also for understanding the relationship between the Qumran Book of Giants and the Manichaean Book of Giants.
Church Branding and Self-Packaging: the Mass Media and African Pentecostal Missionary Strategy
Authors: Benyah Francis
Published: August 2019

The use of the mass media has become a contemporary and fast-growing religious phenomenon within Pentecostal and charismatic churches. By drawing implications on the use of modern media technologies, this article presents a popular case of a Charismatic church in Ghana and shows how the idea of branding evolves around the use of the mass media. This article argues that the branding of the leaders’ personality and the church is a marketing strategy aimed at attracting more people into the church.
Mapping Recent Development in Scholarship on Fake News and Misinformation, 2008 to 2017: Disciplinary Contribution, Topics, and Impact
Authors: Ha Louisa , Andreu Perez Loarre , Ray Rik
Published: August 2019

This review article examines 142 journal articles on fake news and misinformation published between 2008 and 2017 and the knowledge generated on the topic. Although communication scholars and psychologists contributed almost half of all the articles on the topic of fake news and misinformation in the past 10 years, the wide variety of journals from various disciplines publishing the topic shows that it has captured interest from the scholarly community in general. Male scholars outnumbered female scholars in both productivity and citations on the topic, but there are variations by fields. There are very few scholars who have produced a large body of work on the topic yet. Effects of fake news/misinformation is the most common topic found in journal articles. A research agenda by the different roles in the production, spreading, and using fake news/misinformation is suggested.
Urgently strategic insights to resolve the Nigerian food security crisis
Authors: Strang Kenneth David , Che Ferdinand , Vajjhala Narasimha Rao
Published: August 2019

The food security crisis is a serious worldwide predicament in developing countries but it is a relatively larger problem in Nigeria. We argued there was no solution for the Nigerian food security crisis because researchers had not customized theoretical models with data-driven priorities grounded on local agriculture subject matter expert knowledge. We collected data from local agriculture extension workers who had specialized knowledge of the problems. We applied the consensual qualitative research method with embedded nominal brainstorming and multiple correspondence statistical techniques at the group level of analysis to develop a proposed solution. Our final model highlighted strategically urgent ideas to increase agriculture productivity and appease the most severe constraints in rural Nigeria. The results extended what was already published in the literature and should generalize to rural farmers in Nigeria as well as to government policymakers in developing countries around the world.