bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análisis de decisión multi-criterio, aportes para una gestión sostenible del territorio rural del Partido de Balcarce
Authors: Auer Alejandra , Natinzon Paula , Murillo Natalia , Manchado Juan Carlos
Published: July 2020

El territorio rural se está volviendo más homogéneo debido a ciertas fuerzas impulsoras como la intensificación agrícola que genera conflictos por el uso del suelo. Para modificar los desequilibrios territoriales se requiere de un proceso de gestión rural estratégico y consensuado. El objetivo fue analizar cuatro alternativas de uso del suelo a través de un método de análisis multi-criterio para el partido de Balcarce en el sudeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Las mismas se evaluaron a partir de la información de nueve criterios que abarcan las dimensiones de la sostenibilidad y bajo las preferencias de siete tomadores de decisiones, cinco con pesos simulados y dos con pesos obtenidos a partir de la consulta a personas relacionadas a la gestión del territorio y al sector académico. Los resultados muestran que ambos grupos de decisores consultados dieron un peso similar a los criterios, excepto que el sector académico ponderó menos la dimensión ecológica. La alternativa con una visión integral del territorio rural muestra en la mayoría de los casos el mejor resultado. La metodología muestra ser adecuada para la gestión del territorio rural.

Abstract

Rural territory is becoming more homogeneous due to different drive forces, such as agricultural intensification, generating land use conflicts. Strategic and consensual rural management process is needed to modify these territorial imbalances. Our aim was to analyse four contrasting land use alternatives considering nine criteria that cover all sustainability dimensions through a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis approach, for the rural area of Balcarce, Argentina. They were evaluated based on the information of nine criteria that cover the dimensions of sustainability and under the preferences of seven decision makers, five with simulated weights and two with weights obtained from consulting people related to the natural resources management and the academic sector. Results show that both decision makers interviewed gave similar weight to criteria, except that academic weighted less ecological dimension. The alternative with an integral vision of territory shows in most cases the best result for all cases. The methodology shows to be suitable for rural planning.
Editorial
Authors: Ambientales Equipo Editorial Revista Estudios
Published: July 2020

Estimados colegas y lectores: la Revista  Estudios  Ambientales (REA) agradece los trabajos que se presentan en el presente número e invita a quienes deseen publicar sus artículos y comunicaciones no  las envíen a través del mail de contacto o desde la plataforma OJS de la revista.

El primer número 2020 publica 5 trabajos orientados a investigar temas claves, y de debate permanente: la educación ambiental en el ámbito universitario, la modelización de eventos hídricos, la valoración económica de servicios ecosistémicos de interés turístico, el análisis multicriterio para la toma de decisiones en el ámbito rural y el arbolado urbano como elemento que favorece funciones ecológicas específicas.

Esperamos que colegas y lectores otorguen relevancia a las producciones del presente número. Los saludamos muy cordialmente.
PHYTO-MEDICINAL EFFECTS OF SYZYGIUM CUMINI ON DIABETES: A REVIEW
Authors: Amin Md. Mahmudul
Published: July 2020

Diabetes is a major public health problem which has been increasing day by day throughout the world with an alarming rate. In recent years, several plant extracts have been examined for their anti-diabetic properties to identify alternative treatment strategies that pose less risk for diabetes. It has been shown that different parts of these plants are collected from diverse regions and administered in different pharmaceutical preparations. The aim of the present review is to provide an overview of the phytochemicals present in S. cumini plants and their potent anti-diabetic activity, toxicological and biological effects of these plant extracts, their current state, limitation and future prospects in developing countries that are not included in the European Pharmacopoeia. In addition, a prospective research result of synergistic use of this plant with other plant (Ficus racemosa) done presently in our laboratory has been included. Based on the available evidence, we highlight the ways in which their therapeutic potential can be properly harnessed and provide scientific evidence for the discovery of novel leads for herbal drug development.
ECONOMIA CIRCULAR E RESÍDUO DE PESCADO
Authors: Machado Thais Moron , Catapreta Lívia de Cássia , Furlan Érika Fabiane , Neiva Cristiane Rodrigues Pinheiro
Published: July 2020

O conceito de economia circular propõe uma profunda transformação que reduz o impacto das atividades humanas no meio ambiente. Os resíduos da indústria pesqueira são uma importante fonte de contaminação ambiental e perda de nutrientes. Este trabalho avaliou as características qualitativas e quantitativas dos resíduos de peixes gerados no Mercado de Peixe de Santos, São Paulo, voltado para apoiar ações de implementação da economia circular nesse segmento. Para coletar dados relacionados ao volume de resíduos gerados e seu destino, foi aplicado um questionário aos comerciantes. Para a caracterização qualitativa, foram coletadas amostras com o objetivo de descrever as categorias produtoras do resíduo, bem como o peso e as proporções descartadas de vísceras, coluna vertebral, cabeça, pele e barbatanas. A análise da composição também foi realizada em materiais amostrados. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os resíduos caracterizados são representativos, qualitativa e quantitativamente, apresentando composição química semelhante à parte comestível do peixe, e são rejeitados em aterros, reforçando a necessidade de implementar ações que viabilizem a economia circular nesse segmento, com o objetivo de reduzir os danos ambientais e econômicos.
Effect of toxicity in Folsomia candida by the use of fungicide and insecticide in subtropical soil
Authors: Giordani Isabela Aparecida , Busatta Eduarda , Bonfim Elizeu , Oliveira Filho Luís Carlos Iuñes , Baretta Dilmar , Baretta Carolina Riviera Duarte Maluche
Published: July 2020

Pesticides are widely used for control and prevention against agricultural pests and diseases. The use of these products can negatively affect non-target organisms with important role in soil such as springtails. The present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of two commercial formulations of pesticides on soil fauna using the springtail Folsomia candida. A natural soil classified as Inceptisol, characteristic of the western region of the Santa Catarina State, was used. The treatments in both tests consisted of six concentrations of the fungicide Comet® (a.i. pyraclostrobin) (0.35; 0.70; 1.40; 2.10; 2.80 and 4.00 mg kg-1 of soil) and of the fungicide + insecticide Standak®Top (a.i. pyraclostrobin + thiophanate-methyl + fipronil) (0.20; 0.60; 1.20; 1.80; 2.40 and 3.00 mg kg-1 soil), plus the control treatment. Acute and chronic tests were carried out following ISO guidelines. Both products proved to be toxic to the evaluated species. Lethality effects were observed in relation to the control of the organisms exposed to low concentrations of the fungicide (0.35 mg kg-1 soil); while for the fungicide + insecticide formulation, lethality was observed at higher concentrations, from 2.40 mg kg-1 soil (LC50 > 3.00 mg kg-1 soil). The reproductive rate was affected only in organisms exposed to the fungicide, with a reduction in the number of juveniles at concentration from 4.00 mg kg-1 soil, with EC20 of 3.38 mg kg-1 soil (2.79–3.96). The results indicate that springtails are sensitive to the tested products, especially to the fungicide that contains the highest concentration of pyraclostrobin in the composition.
Sjogren's syndrome presenting with hypokalemic paralysis
Authors: Ghezala Hassen Ben , Salah Snouda , Chiekh Imen Ben , Jhen Ouali
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Acute systemic weakness is a common reason for emergency department visit. Acute hypokalemic paralysis is one of its clinical presentation forms. It is a rare but treatable cause of acute weakness. We report a case that presented with hypokalemic paralysis in emergency room.
Case Report: We report a rare case of a 36-year-old female presented with sudden onset flaccid left hemiparesis with no significant past clinical history. Initially the patient was considered as an ischemic stroke, but she was later found to have hypokalemia due to distal renal tubular acidosis and further diagnosed as case of Sjögren's syndrome.
Conclusion: Acute flaccid neuromuscular weakness is a common presenting symptom in emergency room. Hypokalemia is an important differential diagnosis. The cause of hypokalemia should be sought. The diagnosis of distal renal tubular acidosis must be considered in patients presenting with hypokalemic paralysis and renal stones, and may be the first clue in the identification of an underlying autoimmune disorder, particularly Sjögren's syndrome.
Unusual presentation of a retinoblastoma: A rare case
Authors: Gaxa Luvo , Elliot Hlatshwayo Bafana
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Although a retinoblastoma is a well recognized condition it is still associated with a high mortality rate especially in developing countries because partly patients tend to present at very late stages to the health facilities. The mean age of occurrence of a retinoblastoma is 18 months and the age range of a retinoblastoma occurrence is 0–5 years. Diagnosing a retinoblastoma above the age of six years is extremely rare and exceptional.
Case Report: An eight-year-old girl was presented with a six-month history of a fast growing right eye mass and proptosis. The mass was fungating and septic. The patient had normal developmental milestones. At presentation the body weight 21.40 kg.The vital signs were within normal limits (temperature 36.8°C, pulse 83 beats/min, blood pressure 116/77 mmHg). The diagnosis of a retinoblastoma was highly suspected on clinical and radiological imaging but due to patient's age there was also a suspicion of a rhabdomyosarcoma of the orbit. Biopsy was performed and the diagnosis of a retinoblastoma was confirmed and the patient was then started on chemotherapy. The patient later demised while on treatment due to a disease progression.
Conclusion: A retinoblastoma shows some typical imaging findings on computed tomography scan and on magnetic resonance imaging scan, and a multi-disciplinary approach helps greatly to secure the diagnosis and that helps improve the patient's management and prognosis.
Trauma pancreatoduodenectomy: How and why?
Authors: Pereira Jorge , Aveiro Débora , Constantino Júlio , Oliveira Ana , Filipe Pinheiro Luis
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Blunt duodenopancreatic trauma is a rare clinical entity, occurring in less than 2% of all cases of closed abdominal trauma. However, duodenopancreatic injury has high morbidity and mortality rates, especially when severe. While most injuries need only simple surgical techniques, such as debridement or drainage, grade V injuries often require more complex solutions. These may include major pancreatic resection, such as the technically demanding Whipple procedure, which may need to be performed by surgical teams without adequate preparation, in an unstable patient, often at late hours.
Case Report: A case of a 51-year-old male who sustained blunt abdominal trauma with complex duodenopancreatic injury when he was involved in a motor vehicle collision. The patient was initially managed with damage control laparotomy; pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed in a second operation, with acceptable results.
Conclusion: Treatment of complex duodenal and pancreatic injury may require pancreaticoduodenectomy. The use of damage control techniques allows restoration of the patient's physiological parameters prior to the extensive surgical procedure.
Intravenous pentazocine dependence in a young sickle cell anemia patient: A case report
Authors: Yusha'u Armiya'u Aishatu , Ilah Garba Bilkisu , Gwarzo Haliru Dalha
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Painful crisis is the most common manifestation of sickle cell anemia (SCA), hence rapid pain control and analgesia should be provided [1][2]. Pentazocine is a narcotic agonist/antagonist analgesic commonly used in Nigeria for pain management in both medical and surgical conditions. Reports on opioid abuse/dependence amongst SCA patients are not commonly published, we report on a young SCA lady with pentazocine dependence seen at a psychiatric clinic.
Case Report: We report a case of a 17-year-old known SCA female with a six-month history of excessive use of pentazocine. She started self-injection of pentazocine 18 months ago following a bone pain crisis and is said to have a strong desire to use the drug which she uses on daily basis. Initially, she started with 30 mg daily but currently injects 60 mg bd. She has developed hyperpigmented macules with indurations and scarification marks on both forearms. A diagnosis of pentazocine dependence with mild depression in a sickle cell anemia patient was made. She was admitted at the drug unit and managed accordingly.
Conclusion: Health care workers should be sensitized on the dangers of analgesic abuse especially in patients with sickle cell anemia. All patients with chronic pain that require long duration of analgesic drugs should be counseled on the symptoms of dependence and informed to report immediately to their doctors.
Severe hemolytic disease of the fetus due to anti-Kpa antibody
Authors: Q Rossi Karen , Scrape Scott , Lang Christopher , O'Shaughnessy Richard
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Anti-Kpa antibodies are an uncommon cause of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). Screening for antibodies to low frequency antigens such as Kpa is not routine, so detecting them can present a challenge.
Case Report: We report a case of hydropic HDFN due to anti-Kpa antibodies discovered incidentally with direct antiglobulin testing of a fetal blood sample in the course of work-up and treatment for presumed acute parvovirus B19 induced hydrops fetalis. Six intrauterine red blood cell transfusions and one simple neonatal red blood cell transfusion were required.
Conclusion: The cause of fetal anemia needs to be properly diagnosed in order to provide appropriate clinical care in affected pregnancies. Sensitization from uncommon antigens is more difficult to diagnose due to the lack of routine screening. This case illustrates the importance of performing direct antiglobulin testing on fetal blood before intrauterine transfusion in any case of fetal anemia despite presumed alternative etiologies.
Detection sensitivity of red cell alloantibodies using microtube column agglutination systems
Authors: Ono Takako , Hikichi Rie , Kawabata Kinuyo , Ohto Hitoshi
Published: July 2020

No Abstract
Seroprevalence and risk factors for human T cell lymphotropic viruses types 1 and 2 among blood donors in Jos, Nigeria
Authors: VT Ma'an , FA Fasola , OJ Egesie , DN Ma'an
Published: July 2020

Aims: To determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of human T cell Lymphotrophic viruses 1 and 2 among blood donors in Jos, Plateau state, Nigeria.
Methods: A cross sectional study of 500 consecutive blood donors from the blood bank of Jos University Teaching Hospital and National Blood Transfusion Services Jos were recruited into the study. Questionnaires were administered and blood samples were collected from all participants. Sera of the blood donors were assayed for HTLV 1 and 2 using micro- enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay. Data was analysed using Epi Info version 3.5.1 and statistical significance was set at p-values ≤0.05.
Results: The mean age of the study population was 29.9±8.9 years with a male - female ratio of 4.2:1. Voluntary blood donors constituted 50.6% while family replacement blood donors constituted 49.4%. The mean hemoglobin was 14.9±1.2 g/dl. Although 4% of the blood donors had different forms of exposure to risk factors, none was positive for HTLV-1 or HTLV-2.
Conclusion: Human T cell lymphotrophic virus had zero seroprevalence among tested blood donors in Jos. However, continuous surveillance is necessary to keep the prevalence at low ebb. Further studies using larger sample size to include other healthy adults, commercial sex workers and pregnant women should be carried out in the entire country to define the prevalence of the virus in Nigeria.
A novel splice-site mutation in RHD gene associated with RhD negative phenotype
Authors: Antonietta Villa Maria , Revelli Nicoletta , Paccapelo Cinzia , Truglio Francesca , Molano Araitz , López Mónica
Published: July 2020

Introduction: The Rh antigens are encoded by the highly polymorphic RHD and the RHCE genes. Individuals with D variants may make anti-D alloantibodies, which in pregnant women cause severe or fatal hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. Accurate D typing using reliable routine methods must be performed. A number of unusual RHD alleles are being currently reported due in large part to the growing implementation of molecular analyses. Case Report: A sample from a Caucasian male blood donor at Northern Italy was serologically classified as RhD negative (Ccee). Instead, the sample was genotyped with all SSP-PCR kits as RhD positive, Dd and the result obtained with Partial D-TYPE (Dva or Va like or Va associated or DBS) was consistent with a suggestion of a new variant. Through a microarray platform analysis (BLOODchip Reference), the sample was genotyped as DV/DBS [RHD-CE(S)-D hybrid], associated with a predicted partial D phenotype for the RhD group, due to the lack of a hybridization signal for RHD exon 5. The PCR analysis of the exon 5 of the RHD gene gave a positive amplification result and the sequencing revealed a polymorphism in hemizygous or homozygous state in position RHD*IVS5+1t. This novel splice-site mutation alters or completely abolishes the specific sequence where the splicing of RHD gene intron 5 takes place. Conclusion: The novel RHD mutation hereby described highlights the significance of using RHD genotyping to confirm and/or clarify D antigen uncertainties in order to prevent the unnecessary immunization of patients.
EFL Learning Motivation: Lifelong Enjoyment
Authors: Todaka Yuichi
Published: July 2020

This study is part of a five-year consecutive study designed to help college freshmen change their view of English learning as a tedious activity to one where they see it as a lifelong enriching experience. In the first two studies we focused on self-efficacy sources. In the third study we added focus on the development of future EFL selves with image training.  We then shifted our attention toward the establishment of concrete and fun English study reasons that are associated with students' hobbies and interests using YouTube videos as authentic learning support material outside the classroom. In these studies we were able to help our students improve their English listening skills during the spring semester, but those students were unable to maintain that proficiency level over the summer breaks or during the subsequent fall semester. Thus, in this present study, we added explicit instruction on how to access and make use of certain YouTube sites in order to improve English listening skills. Based on our findings, this most recent method helped our freshmen significantly improve their English skills, even during the spring semester and summer break, and for the most part improve their English listening skills during the fall semester as well.
Men’s health in Canada: A national survey of urologists
Authors: Punjani Nahid , Di Pierdomenico Andrew , Goldenberg Larry , Brock Gerald , Flannigan Ryan
Published: July 2020

N/A
Peritoneal and port-site metastasis following robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: O'Connor Ellen , Timm Brennan , Chislett Bodie , Teh Jiasian , Lawrentschuk Nathan , Murphy Declan G. , Bolton Damien
Published: July 2020

N/A
Stone clearance times with mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy: Comparison of a 1.5 mm ballistic/ultrasonic mini-probe vs. laser
Authors: Timm Brennan , Farag Matthew , Davis Niall F. , Webb David , Angus David , Troy Andrew , Bolton Damien , Jack Gregory
Published: July 2020

Introduction: A limitation of mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mPCNL) is the narrow working channel of mini-nephroscopes, typically restricting instrumentation to 5 F or smaller. We evaluated the efficacy of the 1.5 mm Swiss Lithoclast® Trilogy (Trilogy) rigid probe and compared the results to consecutive cases performed with a 30 W Holmium:YAG (Ho:YAG) laser.

Methods: A retrospective review of 30 consecutive mPCNL cases using the Trilogy and 30 W Holmium laser was performed. A 12-French (F) MIPS nephroscope with a 16.5 F access sheath and 6.7 F working channel was used for all mPCNL cases. The Trilogy was used with a disposable 1.5 mm x 440 mm probe with dual ultrasonic and ballistic energy. The Ho:YAG laser was used with a 550 micron fibre and a maximum of 30 W. Stone clearance time (SCT) was defined by the total time interval between activation of the lithotripter until insertion of the nephrostomy tube and measured in mm2/minutes. SCT included time for fragment retrieval, equipment adjustments, and rigid and flexible nephroscopy during and after lithotripsy.

Results: Eleven cases using a 1.5 mm Trilogy probe and 16 cases using a Ho:YAG laser met final inclusion criteria. Three cases using the Trilogy were excluded from final analysis due to conversion to alternative energy sources — two of those were upsized to standard PCNL and one was converted to laser. Mean stone diameter and density in the final Trilogy cohort was 26.7 mm and 1193 Hounsfield units (HU). Mean diameter and density in the laser cohort was 25.2 mm and 1049 HU. The mean stone area clearance time for Trilogy was 4.7±1.8 mm2/minute vs. 3.4±0.7 mm2/minute with Ho:YAG laser (p=0.21). For hard stones, defined as density >1000 HU, the Trilogy averaged 3.7±1.6 mm2/minutes, while the laser averaged 3.1±1.3 mm2/minutes (p=0.786). For soft stones, defined as <1000 HU, the Trilogy averaged 8.9±1.0 mm2/minutes compared to the Ho:YAG, which averaged 3.6±1.8mm2/minutes (p=0.019). No device0related complications occurred in either cohort.

Conclusions: The 1.5 mm mPCNL Trilogy probe was comparable to 30 W Ho:YAG laser for clearing hard stones. The Trilogy performed better than laser on soft stones with a HU density <1000 HU.
The risk of stress incontinence after urethral surgery in women
Authors: Law Jeffrey , Welk Blayne
Published: July 2020

NA
Comparison of micro-ultrasound and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for prostate cancer: A multicenter, prospective analysis
Authors: Klotz Laurence , Lughezzani Giovanni , Maffei Davide , Sanchez Andrea , Pereira Jose Gregorio , Staerman Frederic , Cash Hannes , Luger Ferdinand , Lopez Laurent , Sanchez-Salas Rafael , Abouassally Rob , Shore Neal D. , Eure Greg
Published: July 2020

Introduction: High-resolution micro-ultrasound has the capability of imaging prostate cancer based on detecting alterations in ductal anatomy, analogous to multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI). This technology has the potential advantages of relatively low cost, simplicity, and accessibility compared to mpMRI. This multicenter, prospective registry aims to compare the sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) of mpMRI with high-resolution micro-ultrasound imaging for the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer.

Methods: We included 1040 subjects at 11 sites in seven countries who had prior mpMRI and underwent ExactVu micro-ultrasound-guided biopsy. Biopsies were taken from both mpMRI targets (PI-RADS >3 and micro-ultrasound targets (PRIMUS >3). Systematic biopsies (up to 14 cores) were also performed. Various strategies were used for mpMRI target sampling, including cognitive fusion with micro-ultrasound, separate software-fusion systems, and software-fusion using the micro-ultrasound FusionVu system. Clinically significant cancer was those with Gleason grade group ≥2.

Results: Overall, 39.5% were positive for clinically significant prostate cancer. Micro-ultrasound and mpMRI sensitivity was 94% vs. 90%, respectively (p=0.03), and NPV was 85% vs. 77%, respectively. Specificities of micro-ultrasound and MRI were both 22%, with similar PPV (44% vs. 43%). This represents the initial experience with the technology at most of the participating sites and, therefore, incorporates a learning curve. Number of cores, diagnostic strategy, blinding to MRI results, and experience varied between sites.

Conclusions: In this initial multicenter registry, micro-ultrasound had comparable or higher sensitivity for clinically significant prostate cancer compared to mpMRI, with similar specificity. Micro-ultrasound is a low-cost, single-session option for prostate screening and targeted biopsy. Further larger-scale studies are required for validation of these findings.
Feasibility and Effectiveness of Hepatic Artery Guiding Technique in Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Procedure
Authors: Kim Eung Tae , Song Soon-Young , Cho Young Kwon , Cho Seong Whi
Published: July 2020

Background: Puncture from the hepatic vein to the portal vein to create a shunt is the most challenging step in transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the hepatic artery guiding technique in TIPS procedure. Patients and Methods: From January 2009 to December 2018, 41 patients (36 men, five women; mean age, 57.9 years; range, 33 - 77 years) who underwent TIPS were retrospectively evaluated. Total procedure times, puncture times, and total procedure radiation doses as radiation quantity (mGy) and dose area product (μGym2) from each procedure were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test between those in the simple blind puncture group and those who underwent hepatic artery guiding technique. Results: Technical success was achieved in all patients. Out of 41 patients, simple blind puncture was performed in 11 patients (26.8%), and hepatic artery guiding technique was performed in 30 patients (73.2%). No complications were observed in either group. The mean puncture time among those who underwent hepatic artery guiding technique (26.67 ± 11.46 min) was significantly shorter than the mean puncture time in the simple blind puncture group (38.50 ± 29.69 min) (P = 0.045). There was no statistical significance in total procedure time and radiation dose (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Hepatic artery guiding technique could increase the feasibility of portal vein puncture in TIPS without a significant increase in radiation dose.
Cosmopolitan Universalism
Authors: Arnopoulos Paris ,   Warsaw University
Published: July 2020

This paper looks into the recent trends leading towards a renewed world order and proposes some distinct ways to promote it. The contemporary global problematique is symptomatic of a revolutionary period of transition from the modern to the post-modern era. During this thne of upheaval and instabiUty, many outdated structures are being dismantled and various innovative systems are being attempted. Only when the winners have been determined and the major choices made, will the new social system settle down into a relative peace once again.
Universality in Chinese Culture
Authors: Dow Tsung-I ,   Warsaw University
Published: July 2020

Chinese culture may be identified as Confucian in that the ideas initiated by Confucius and reinterpreted by Confucius' defenders have overwhelmingly molded the Chinese way of life since the Han dynasty. There are elements which, in the long evolutionary process in both theory and practice, can be considered universal in terms of sustaining, enjoying and searching for the meaning of life. This paper attempts to single out such characteristics in Chinese culture for references for universality. They are: 1) the twofold complementary and contradictory world view, 2) the concept of self-realization of the creative mind to practice reciprocity in resolving human relations, and 3) the attempt to establish a universal state, and 4) the potential of Chinese written characters as a universal computer language.
The Post-Socialist Change in Eastern Europe: Specific Development or Universal Trend of Global History?
Authors: Juchler Jacob ,   Warsaw University
Published: July 2020

The paper analyzes the transformation in Eastern Europe in the perspective of global history and compares it to actual world-wide developments. The theoretical frame of reference is a strongly modified formation theory which allows for a truly comparative and interdisciplinary perspective. The main topic is the presentation of basic aspects of the fundamental changes in postsocialist societies in comparison with global tendencies: the economic process with its deep crisis, the political process with its instabilities, the changes in social consciousness with their complicated contradictions and some social features such as rising intolerance and violent conflicts. Finally future options are discussed.
Development, Universalism and Systemic Change in Central Europe
Authors: Sadowski Zdzisław L. ,   Warsaw University
Published: July 2020

An unsolved contradiction exists between the universal zest for economic growth and the menace to the future of mankind which results from it. It cannot be solved as long as human thinking is focussed on short-term issues. The global predicament of humanity calls for imiversal solutions. There is an urgent need to overcome all kinds of political and ideological Manicheism in order to arrive at universal understanding of the real problems of mankind. The present experience of Coitral European countries which find themselves in a unique historical situation of transforming their economic, social and political systems in the conditions of global predicament offers observations of relevance for the universal solutions.
Kalokagathia
Authors: Jaroszyński Piotr ,   Warsaw University
Published: July 2020

To understand the meaning of kalokagathia one must take into account not the contemporary but the Greek theories of beauty and the good. Beauty in the Greek tradition had at least three significations: as an end in itself, as harmony, and what pleases as seen. The so conceived beauty comes to a very close relation with the moral goodness, especially with bonum honestum.Bonum honestum is also an end in itself, and, when other moral values are properly related to it, there is a harmony on the personal as well as on the social level. And finally, the moral goodness is something to be admired (it pleases as seen). The concept of kalokagathia, then, was at the core of morality, education and culture. It is too precious a pearl to be forgotten.
Human Capital Development and Service Delivery in Lagos State: A Study of Selected Ministries
Authors: Nchuchuwe Friday Francis , Etim Emma
Published: July 2020

Public service delivery is an effort to provide the much-expected value for customers or clients by a government-funded organization through the activities, relationship, or interaction between its employees and the people. Public service organizations in Lagos State cannot deliver effective and efficient services without adequate Human Capital Development. This study seeks to examine the relationship between human capital development and public service delivery in Lagos with emphasis on training, performance appraisal, and job enrichment programs; through the lens of human relations theory as popularised by Elton Mayo. The survey research design was used in this study, and data were analyzed using Pearson Moment Coefficient Correlation (through SPSS) at 0.05 level of significance. Findings in this study reveal that efficient service delivery in Lagos State public service organizations, which is supposed to be a function of proper human capital development, has been on a dwindling mode and for more than three decades now, the Lagos State public service organizations have not overcome the challenge of rendering epileptic services to the public. This study concludes that more attention should be paid to the development of human capital in Lagos State public sector for efficient and effective service delivery. It recommends regular training and performance appraisal for the employees in Lagos PSO.
Financial Literacy Overconfidence and Consumer Financial Satisfaction: Evidence from the 2018 US National Financial Capability Study
Authors: Chen Fuzhong , Wang Yibo , Yu Di
Published: July 2020

An increasingly prevalent topic on the associations between financial literacy and consumer financial satisfaction has been highlighted in recent years. Utilizing the data from the 2018 US National Financial Capability Study, this study conducts ordered probit regressions to examine the effects of financial literacy on consumer financial satisfaction. To verify the robustness, this study performs a comprehensive check through replacing estimation methods, removing outliers by income, and performing regressions by various consumer cohorts. The results indicate that objective financial literacy has a significantly negative effect on consumer financial satisfaction, while subjective financial literacy has played a crucial role in improving consumer financial satisfaction. Thus, consumers are overconfident in their financial literacy. The results imply that policymakers should formulate policies to cultivate rational investment concepts and raise consumers’ risk awareness, as well as financial institutions should provide services of financial capability assessment to correct consumers’ self-perception bias.
Aflatoxins, Dairy Products Contamination in the Incidence and Development of Diseases in Children Population – A Short Systematic Review
Authors: Reis Francisco José Mendes Dos , Ramos Eliza Miranda , Barbosa Antonio Marcos Jacques , Arakaki Daniela Granja , Nascimento Valter Aragão Do
Published: July 2020

Aims: This study aimed to characterize a profile according to a systematic review when addressing the acute effects and side effects on child health and the importance of preventive measures for controlling food in the presence of aflatoxins and mycotoxins.

Methods: The method used was a systematic review. We conducted a systematic review of the SCOPUS, PUBMED, COCHRANE databases to identify all potential publications between the years 2005 and 2018. At the same time, short and extended abstracts were excluded. The language of the studies was in English and Portuguese. After this process, the selected articles were examined and the data extracted for analysis were 05 articles.

Results: The initial search resulted in 289 randomized experimental articles. the presence of liver cancer is represented as the primary effect of chronic toxicity related to high dose intake in an ordinary matter. The aflatoxins B1 promotes the formation of hepatocellular carcinoma and it can occur with lower doses than the standard established of 30 µg/kg.

Conclusion: This systematic review shows the need for food control regarding aflatoxins contamination, especially food targeting children, once the health damages can occur in both acute and chronic exposures, bringing growth and development impairment due to immune system disorders and frequent infections.
Nonparametric Methods for the Nondecreasing Ordered Hypothesis in a Mixed Design
Authors: Alnssyan Badr , Magel Rhonda C.
Published: July 2020

Aims: Introduce two new test statistics in testing for the nondecreasing alternative in a mixed design consisting of a Completely Randomized Portion and a Randomized Complete Block Portion.

Study Design: Simulation study comparing four test statistics for the nondecreasing alternative in a mixed design consisting of a CRD and an RCBD portion. The test statistics included two new test statistics and two existing test statistics. Random samples were taken from three different types of underlying distributions. Different percentages of the CRD portion will be considered as well as different sample sizes. Powers were estimated based on a variety location parameter shifts. Three, four, and five populations were considered.

Place and Duration of Study: The simulation study took place on the campus of North Dakota State University during the calendar year 2019.

Methodology: Levels of significance for each of the three types of underlying distributions, when the RCBD portion was larger than the CRD portion, when the CRD portion was larger than the RCBD portion, and when the CRD portion was equal to the RCBD portion, and when the number of populations were 3, 4, and 5.

Results: Regardless of the underlying population types, the proposed test statistics did better than the existing test statistics when the difference between the last two parameters is large. This was true for 3, 4, and 5 populations.

Conclusion: When the differences between the last two parameters is large, the two new test statistics performed better. Otherwise, the existing test statistics are better. In both cases, it is better to use the combined test statistic that first standardizes the individual test statistics for the CRD and RCBD portions before adding them together.
Trees Mensuration in Forestry and Wildlife Nursery Plantation University of Maiduguri Campus, Borno State, Nigeria
Authors: Umar M. R.
Published: July 2020

A study was conducted at the premises of Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Wildlife Nursery Plantation University of Maiduguri situated in Sahel Savannah ecological zone of Nigeria. The area is hot and dry for a greater part of the year. The vegetation is typically Sahel Savannah consisting of mainly grasses with few drought resistance trees, total counting was used in other to obtain appropriately result of the measurements. The research was aimed at determine the optimum level growth of trees, assessment of different parameters and volume of trees and ascertain used to reduced environmental desertification. The species of trees assessed were Neem, Khaya and Gmelina, the measurement taken were DBH, Basal Area, Total height, Merchantable height, Bole height, Crown depth having mean values of 21.42 m, 404.73 m2, 9.24 m, 1.71 m, 1.74 m and 7.5 m for Neem, khaya: 6.69 m, 35.27 m2, 4.53 m, 1.91 m, 2.69 m and 2.87 m. Gmelina: 27.58 m, 599.61 m2, 10.93 m, 1.69 m, 2.40 m and 8.58 m respectively and volumes for Neem, Khaya and Gmelina were 34.20 m3, 19.87 m3 and 30.03 m3 respectively. From the result obtained, it was observed that Azadiracta grow higher and has larger volume than other species, followed by Gmelina and Khaya in terms of volumes. In terms of mean DBH, Basal Area, Total height, Merchantable height, Bole height and crown dept obtained on the tree species Gmelina has the highest in terms of the determination of the measured followed by Neem and Khaya obtained from the results. There is need for World Bank to partner Nigerian Government and with forestry and wildlife department for the inventory of specific trees within the sub-region and also highlight the public to grow specific tree to reduce desertification within the savannah region of the Nigerian. This indicates that Azadiracta indica (Neem) species grow very well in region for afforestation also Khaya and Gmelina are used as anti-desertification control properties and as a good Carbon-dioxide Sink.
Foreign Policy Analysis: A Theoretical Assessment of U.S.-China Military Relations
Authors: Adebayo Tomiwa Sunday , Ovuakporaye Victor Adjarho
Published: July 2020

Bringing together two nations that are so disconnected from culture and history was a major task. China's attempts to develop a new kind of great power relationship and a 'new type of military-to-military relationship with the United State is not a major turning point. Political relations place restrictions for military cooperation and the two countries were unable to establish a viable strategic relationship. That has attributed to a trend in military ties which is on and off. Trends show a level of frequent interruptions in military-to-military interactions between 2000 and 2010, accompanied by a rise in relationships starting in 2012 to date. However, hurdles on both ends are likely to restrict mutual understanding and inhibit the advancement of military-to-military ties in the future. The issue of Taiwan, China behaviors in the SCS, and its hegemony in the region were too insignificant to form a foundation for a permanent partnership.
Adsorption of Copper Ions (Cu++) in Aqueous Solution Using Activated Carbon and Biosorbent from Indian Jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana) Seed Hulls
Authors: Massai Harouna , Raphael Djakba , Sali Mouhamadou
Published: July 2020

The present work aimed at mitigating the level of copper ions (Cu++) by adsorption in aqueous solution using activated carbon powder (AC) and biosorbent (BS) from the Indian jujube seed hulls. The AC and BS were prepared from the Indian jujube seed hulls and characterized    using standard procedures. In addition, the adsorption effects of Indian jujube seed hulls through the AC and BS were carried out using jar test experiment (batch mode) at different pH (1, 2, 3, and 4), ionic strengths (100-600 mg/L) and stirring speed (120rpm). Therefore, it was found that the adsorption time at equilibrium were 10 and 5 minutes respectively for the AC and the BS.  Furthermore, it was found that the reduction of copper ions were 99.40% and 73.08% for aqueous solutions of 100 ppm and 500 ppm respectively at the equilibrium state. It was also revealed that when the mass of the AC or the BS increases, the quantities of ions adsorbed per gram decrease. The maximum pH of adsorption for the AC was found to be pH=1, while it was found to be pH=4 for the BS. The Freundlich model indicated that the adsorption of copper ions by the Indian jujube is linear while the Temkin and Dubinin-Kagana-Radushkevich models described the adsorption as a physical reaction. It was finally observed that the adsorption of copper ions by the AC and the BS from Indian jujube seed hulls influenced by the addition of some concentration of NaCl.
Micropropagation of Salacia macrosperma Wight - An Endemic Medicinal Plant of Western Ghats
Authors: Mahendra C. , Sudarshana M. S.
Published: July 2020

Salacia macrosperma Wight. -  a potent medicinal plant facing the verge of rare and endemic status in the Western Ghats region of southern India. The effective protocol has been standardized for callus induction and multiple shoot regeneration using leaf and nodal explants. The Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with various plant growth regulators like 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), Benzyl amino purine (BAP), Thidiazuron (TDZ), Indole acetic acid (IAA), Kinetin (Kn), Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and Indole butyric acid (IBA). The leaf explants produced more calli than nodal explants in MS medium supplemented with 2, 4-D and BAP in combination than individual hormones. Likewise, MS medium with 1.5 mg L-1of 2, 4-D, 2.5 mg L-1 of BAP and 1.5 mg L-1of TDZ along with 1% activated charcoal was apt for multiple shoot regeneration (93.33%) from nodal explants with slight embryogenic callus. Further, each developed plantlets were produced maximum rhizogenesis in liquid MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 of IAA. Furthermore, the cytological study of embryogenic callus revealed variations in callus cells such as multinucleate, multi-nucleolate, cytodifferentiation, chromosomal bridges were noticed, besides normal dividing stages. Further, by scanning electron micrograph (SEM) analysis of embryogenic callus different stages of morphogenic developmental features were recorded.
Analysis of Selected Antioxidant and Anti-nutrient Content and Palynological Evaluation of Honey Samples from Southern Guinea Savanna Vegetation of Nigeria
Authors: Njokuocha Reginald C.
Published: July 2020

Aims: To investigate the presence of selected antioxidant and anti-nutrient and pollen profile of four honey samples from the southern guinea savanna vegetation of Nigeria.

Study Design: Purposive sampling method was used in selecting the study areas for the honey samples

Place and Duration of Study: The study was done in the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, between June to October, 2019.

Methodology: The analyzed antioxidants (flavonoids, total phenols, vitamin C and alkaloids) and anti-nutrient (phytate and oxalate) were subjected to standard chemical treatment in four replicates.  The stock samples of the honeys were thoroughly shaken and 10g collected from each sample for pollen analysis. Each sample was dissolved in acidified warm (40°C) water, centrifuged at 2000 rpm and the residues collected. Subsequently, they passed through standard acetolysis treatment. The polliniferous deposits were put in specimen bottles containing glycerol-alcohol. Routine pollen counts and identification were done at x400 magnifications. The pollen counts were presented as percentage values, while results obtained from the chemical analyses were subjected to analysis of variance and mean separation test using Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test at P=.05.

Results: All the selected antioxidants (flavonoids, total phenols, vitamin C and alkaloids) and anti-nutrients (phytate and oxalate) analyzed were detected in variable quantities in the samples. The honeys were acidic having pH range within acceptable internationally standard. Eighty-two pollen types (39 families) were recorded and composed of nectariferous (90.2%) and non-nectariferous (9.8%) plants. All the honey samples were polyfloral and the most common pollen types occurring across the samples were Elaeis guineensis, Asteraceae and Phyllanthus muellerianus.

Conclusion: The honey samples were acidic and contained the selected antioxidants and anti-nutrients parameters in variable quantities. The honey samples were polyfloral with a high number of nectariferous and few non-nectariferous honey plants.
Awareness of Forestry as a Career among Secondary School Students in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Ikyaagba E. T. , Egwunatum A. E. , Ancha P. U. , Kongo M. , Origbo B. U.
Published: July 2020

Over the years enrolment of students in to forestry programme is always low and many of the students in forestry programme do not always choose the programme. This underpinned the need for a comprehensive knowledge about the reasons behind the low enrolment in Forestry and forestry-related disciplines, with a view to provide the needed data that will guide stakeholders in taking an informed decisions that will help in addressing the challenges that resulted in the shortage of manpower in the forestry and wildlife sector. Stratified random and purposive sampling techniques were used in the selection of secondary schools in Makurdi metropolis. A total of 195 students were selected for interview from six schools using Taro-yamane formula. Data were subjected to descriptive and inferential analysis. The study shows that 61.5% were male and majority of the students (68.2%) were within the age bracket of 11-15 years with mean age of 14 years. The students strongly agreed that they were aware of forestry as a course of study in high institutions (MWS =3.99, >3.05) and the career opportunities in forestry (MWS =3.67, >3.05). The level of students’ awareness of forestry as a course differ significantly (H=16.85 P<0.05) with type of school the students attended. Also, there was a significant difference (H=18.46, P<0.05) between the students’ level of awareness of career opportunities and types of school attended. The students’ strongly agreed that they will not choose forestry as a course of study in the high institutions because it is not their family choice (MWS =3.52, <2.95). The study recommends that parents should allow their children to choose any course of their choice instead of parents determining career choice for their children so as to enable effective study of career choices. Also government should make forestry agencies active and strong so that forestry graduates will be sure of job opportunities after school. There is need for massive public enlightenment on the importance and career opportunities in forestry.