bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La Conquête comme marqueur identitaire chez les intellectuels indépendantistes, 1960-1970
Authors: Imbeault Sophie
Published: February 2024

Au début des années 1960, certains intellectuels indépendantistes du Québec articulent leur discours autour de l’anticolonialisme britannique, prenant à partie les symboles du pouvoir. Ils nourrissent leur option politique des concepts d’historiens néonationalistes. Inversement, ces derniers font une lecture de l’événement qui est au service de ce projet politique. Comme le souligne Pierre Vadeboncoeur dans La ligne du risque, trois dates servent à expliquer la situation québécoise : 17631, 1837-1838 et 1867. Cet article s’attarde au fondement de la rupture identitaire : la Conquête. Nous aborderons la question à partir des textes d’auteurs, tels Jacques Ferron, Pierre Vadeboncoeur et Jean Bouthillette, ainsi que de la revue Parti pris. Nous chercherons à comprendre quels historiens les influencent et ce qu’ils retiennent des faits à 200 ans de distance.
Le courrier des lecteurs du Soleil des années 1960, reflet d’une transition vers le postmatérialisme ?
Authors: Bernier Emmanuel
Published: February 2024

Il est communément admis que les années 1960 ont marqué un changement important dans les valeurs des citoyens du Québec, comme du reste de l’Occident. Le courrier des lecteurs du Soleil, un quotidien généraliste de la ville de Québec, nous est apparu comme un terrain de choix pour mesurer ces mutations. Il s’est avéré que les valeurs matérialistes (sécurité, tradition et conformité) prévalaient encore légèrement sur les valeurs postmatérialistes (autonomie, hédonisme, réalisation de soi, bienveillance et universalisme) durant la période étudiée.
Allégories du progrès : Goethe et Hegel face à l’écriture de l’histoire1
Authors: Hiller Daniel Rudy
Published: February 2024

Cet article aborde la manière dont Goethe et Hegel ont développé un nouveau regard sur l’histoire ; un regard dont la nature abstraite et la visée universelle ont conduit tous les deux à retravailler à nouveaux frais une ancienne figure de style : l’allégorie. Tant dans le Faust II que dans La Raison dans l’histoire, c’est effectivement en termes allégoriques que se dessine un nouveau rapport entre le sensible et le conceptuel dans le domaine historique. Comparer les usages esthétiques et éthiques de l’allégorie qui transparaissent dans ces deux ouvrages peut donc non seulement mettre en évidence le fait que Goethe et Hegel partageaient un ensemble de problématiques, mais surtout s’avérer fécond pour identifier les points communs et les différences entre l’écriture littéraire de l’histoire et celle de la philosophie de l’histoire proprement dite. Il y va, en dernier ressort, de l’évaluation que ces deux auteurs font du progrès historique et, par là, de la Modernité elle-même.
La médiation sociale pour comprendre l’expérience socioscolaire d’élèves immigrantes : regards croisés d’enseignantes et d’élèves autour des pratiques de soutien à l’apprentissage
Authors: Koubeissy Rola , Malo Annie , Borges Cécilia
Published: February 2024

Cet article s’appuie sur une recherche doctorale, laquelle explore les pratiques enseignantes de soutien aux apprentissages auprès d’élèves immigrantes récemment arrivées au Québec et intégrées dans des classes ordinaires multiethniques au primaire. L’article vise à comprendre l’expérience socioscolaire de ces élèves, voire leurs perceptions des pratiques de soutien, à travers les regards croisés de deux enseignantes et de trois de leurs élèves autour des pratiques de soutien à l’apprentissage mises en place par les enseignantes. Plus spécifiquement, l’objectif de l’article est d’analyser les différents points de vue des actrices sur le soutien fourni aux élèves. Nous avons alors mené des observations en classe et des entrevues avec les participantes pour documenter les pratiques de soutien aux apprentissages dans le contexte de leur déroulement. Nous inscrivons ces pratiques dans le concept de médiation sociale pour mieux comprendre les interactions entre l’élève et l’enseignante, ainsi que le rôle des ressources, voire des outils, dans le processus d’apprentissage des élèves. L’analyse de trois séquences de soutien appartenant à deux tâches en mathématiques et en lecture a permis de dégager trois aspects de la médiation sociale que nous nommons « empêchée », « fluide » et « opaque ». Ces cas de figure reflètent les enjeux de l’appropriation des outils de soutien par les élèves et, par conséquent, leur expérience socioscolaire.
Apakah perselingkuhan daring berkaitan dengan penonaktifan moralnya?
Authors: Savitri Setiawati Intan , Dimarsha Kyrei Vixy Chika
Published: February 2024

Abstract— Infidelity is a behavior that is considered by society to be immoral, yet it is widely practiced. How the cognitive process in the immoral behavior of infidelity, especially online infidelity in the context of dating relations, is still little studied. This study aims to examine the relationship between moral disengagement and online infidelity behavior in dating relationships. Participants (N = 157, M-age = 21.3) in this study were young adults who had been or were currently dating in Jadebotabek. The method used was descriptive correlation.  Measures used were the Internet Infidelity Questionnaire and Infidelity Moral Disengagement measuring instruments, which were adapted to the context of dating relationships in Indonesia. The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between the cognitive process of moral disengagement and attitude toward online infidelity in individuals who are in a dating relationship. Attitude toward Internet infidelity in women is higher than inmen, while moral disengagement in men is higher than in women. Attitudes toward Internet infidelity are also determined by the length of dating relationships.
Keywords: Internet infidelity; Moral disengagement; Dating; Young-adult
Abstrak— Perselingkuhan adalah perilaku yang secara social dianggap immoral, namun banyak dilakukan. Bagaimana proses kognitif dalam perilaku immoral perselingkuhan khususnya perselingkuhan daring dalam konteks hubungan berpacaran, masih jarang dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan moral disengagement dengan perilaku perselingkuhan daring dalam hubungan berpacaran. Partisipan (N = 157, M-usia = 21.3) dalam penelitian ini adalah dewasa muda yang pernah atau sedang berpacaran di Jadebotabek. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif korelasional.  Pengukuran menggunakan alat ukur Internet Infidelity Questionnaire dan Infidelity Moral Disengagement yang ditrans-adaptasi sesuai konteks hubungan pacaran dalam bahasa Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang positif signifikan antara proses kognitif moral disengagement dengan sikap terhadap perselingkuhan daring pada individu yang berpacaran. Sikap terhadap Internet infidelity pada perempuan lebih tinggi daripada laki-laki sedangkan moral disengagement pada laki-laki lebih tinggi daripada perempuan. Sikap terhadap internet infidelity juga ditentukan oleh lamanya berpacaran.
Prediction model of health-related quality of life in older adults according to gender using a decision tree model: a study based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Kim Hee Sun , Jeong Seok Hee
Published: February 2024

Purpose: The aim of this study was to predict the subgroups vulnerable to poorer health-related quality of life (HRQoL) according to gender in older adults.Methods: Data from 5,553 Koreans aged 65 or older were extracted from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. HRQoL was assessed using the EQ-5D tool. Complex sample analysis and decision-tree analysis were conducted using SPSS for Windows version 27.0.Results: The mean scores of the EQ-5D index were 0.93 ± 0.00 in men and 0.88 ± 0.00 in women. In men, poorer HRQoL groups were identified with seven different pathways, which were categorized based on participants’ characteristics, such as restriction of activity, perceived health status, muscle exercise, age, relative hand grip strength, suicidal ideation, the number of chronic diseases, body mass index, and income status. Restriction of activity was the most significant predictor of poorer HRQoL in elderly men. In women, the poorer HRQoL groups were identified with nine different pathways, which were categorized based on participants’ characteristics, such as perceived health status, restriction of activity, age, education, unmet medical service needs, anemia, body mass index, relative hand grip, and aerobic exercise. Perceived health status was the most significant predictor of poorer HRQoL in elderly women.Conclusion: This study presents a predictive model of HRQoL in older adults according to gender and can be used to detect individuals at risk of poorer HRQoL.
Do popular apps have issues regarding energy efficiency?
Authors: Sahin Cagri
Published: February 2024

Mobile apps have become essential components of our daily lives, seamlessly integrating into routines to fulfill communication, productivity, entertainment, and commerce needs, with their diverse range categorized within app stores for easy user navigation and selection. User reviews and ratings play a crucial role in app selection, significantly influencing user decisions through the interplay between feedback and quantified satisfaction. The emphasis on energy efficiency in apps, driven by the limited battery lifespan of mobile devices, impacts app ratings by potentially prompting users to assign low scores, thereby influencing the choices of others. In this study, the presence of energy consumption issues within widely-used popular apps that have high app ratings and user interaction has been investigated through the analysis of user reviews. It is anticipated that popular apps, with high ratings, are less problematic than other apps. User reviews were collected from 32 apps across 16 diverse categories and subsequently filtered based on specific keywords. From the resulting pool of 14,064 user reviews, 8,007 reviews were manually identified as specifically addressing the app’s energy consumption. The results of the study demonstrate that all 32 popular apps under consideration exhibit issues related to energy consumption. While the frequency of energy-related issues may vary, it is evident that users are concerned about app energy consumption, as evidenced by the reception of complaint reviews regarding their energy usage. App energy efficiency is important to users, including popular apps with diverse features, necessitating developers to address expectations and optimize for energy efficiency. Improving the energy efficiency of apps has the potential to enhance user satisfaction and, consequently, contribute to the overall success of the app.
Genome-wide identification and characterization of FAD family genes in barley
Authors: Cao TingTing , Du QingWei , Ge RongChao , Li RuiFen
Published: February 2024

Fatty acid desaturases (FADs) play pivotal roles in determining plant stress tolerance. Barley is the most salt-tolerant cereal crop. In this study, we performed genome-wide identification and characterization analysis of the FAD gene family in barley (Hordeum vulgare). A total of 24 HvFADs were identified and divided into four subfamilies based on their amino acid sequence similarity. HvFADs unevenly distributed on six of seven barley chromosomes, and three clusters of HvFADs mainly occurred on the chromosome 2, 3 and 6. Segmental duplication events were found to be a main cause for the HvFAD gene family expansion. The same HvFAD subfamily showed the relatively consistent exon-intron composition and conserved motifs of HvFADs. Cis-element analysis in HvFAD promoters indicated that the expression of HvFADs may be subject to complex regulation, especially stress-responsive elements that may involve in saline-alkaline stress response. Combined transcriptomic data with quantitative experiments, at least five HvFADs highly expressed in roots under salt or alkali treatment, suggesting they may participate in saline or alkaline tolerance in barley. This study provides novel and valuable insights for underlying salt/alkali-tolerant mechanisms in barley.
Changes in capture availability due to infection can lead to detectable biases in population-level infectious disease parameters
Authors: Holmes Iris A. , Durso Andrew M. , Myers Christopher R. , Hendry Tory A.
Published: February 2024

Correctly identifying the strength of selection that parasites impose on hosts is key to predicting epidemiological and evolutionary outcomes of host-parasite interactions. However, behavioral changes due to infection can alter the capture probability of infected hosts and thereby make selection difficult to estimate by standard sampling techniques. Mark-recapture approaches, which allow researchers to determine if some groups in a population are less likely to be captured than others, can be used to identify infection-driven capture biases. If a metric of interest directly compares infected and uninfected populations, calculated detection probabilities for both groups may be useful in identifying bias. Here, we use an individual-based simulation to test whether changes in capture rate due to infection can alter estimates of three key metrics: 1) reduction in the reproductive success of infected parents relative to uninfected parents, 2) the relative risk of infection for susceptible genotypes compared to resistant genotypes, and 3) changes in allele frequencies between generations. We explore the direction and underlying causes of the biases that emerge from these simulations. Finally, we argue that short series of mark-recapture sampling bouts, potentially implemented in under a week, can yield key data on detection bias due to infection while not adding a significantly higher burden to disease ecology studies.
Molecular cloning and characterization of farnesyl diphosphate synthase from Rosa rugosa Thunb associated with salinity stress
Authors: Wei Guo , Chen Yudie , Wang Jianwen , Feng Liguo
Published: February 2024

Rosa rugosa, a renowned ornamental plant, is cultivated for its essential oil containing valuable monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and other compounds widely used in the floriculture industry. Farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS) is a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes and triterpenes for abiotic or biotic stress. In this study, we successfully cloned and characterized a full-length FPPS- encoding cDNA identified as RrFPPS1 using RT-PCR from R. rugosa. Phylogenetic analysis showed that RrFPPS1 belonged to the angiosperm-FPPS clade. Transcriptomic and RT-qPCR analyses revealed that the RrFPPS1 gene had tissue-specific expression patterns. Subcellular localization analysis using Nicotiana benthamiana leaves showed that RrFPPS1 was a cytoplasmic protein. In vitro enzymatic assays combined with GC-MS analysis showed that RrFPPS1 produced farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) using isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) as substrates to provide a precursor for sesquiterpene and triterpene biosynthesis in the plant. Additionally, our research found that RrFPPS1 was upregulated under salt treatment. These substantial findings contribute to an improved understanding of terpene biosynthesis in R. rugosa and open new opportunities for advancements in horticultural practices and fragrance industries by overexpression of the RrFPPS1 gene in vivo increased FPP production and subsequently led to elevated sesquiterpene yields in the future. The knowledge gained from this study can potentially lead to the development of enhanced varieties of R. rugosa with improved aroma, medicinal properties, and resilience to environmental stressors.
Prognostic value of RNA methylation-related genes in gastric adenocarcinoma based on bioinformatics
Authors: He Xionghui , Chen Xiang , Yang Changcheng , Wang Wei , Sun Hening , Wang Junjie , Fu Jincheng , Dong Huaying
Published: February 2024

Background

Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignant tumor that originates from the epithelium of the gastric mucosa and has a poor prognosis. Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) covers 95% of total gastric cancer. This study aimed to identify the prognostic value of RNA methylation-related genes in gastric cancer.

Methods

In this study, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-STAD and GSE84426 cohorts were downloaded from public databases. Patients were classified by consistent cluster analysis based on prognosis-related differentially expressed RNA methylation genes Prognostic genes were obtained by differential expression, univariate Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analyses. The prognostic model was established and validated in the training set, test set and validation set respectively. Independent prognostic analysis was implemented. Finally, the expression of prognostic genes was affirmed by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR).

Results

In total, four prognostic genes (ACTA2, SAPCD2, PDK4 and APOD) related to RNA methylation were identified and enrolled into the risk signature. The STAD patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups based on the medium value of the risk score, and patients in the high-risk group had a poor prognosis. In addition, the RNA methylation-relevant risk signature was validated in the test and validation sets, and was authenticated as a reliable independent prognostic predictor. The nomogram was constructed based on the independent predictors to predict the 1/3/5-year survival probability of STAD patients. The gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) result suggested that the poor prognosis in the high-risk subgroup may be related to immune-related pathways. Finally, the experimental results indicated that the expression trends of RNA methylation-relevant prognostic genes in gastric cancer cells were in agreement with the result of bioinformatics.

Conclusion

Our study established a novel RNA methylation-related risk signature for STAD, which was of considerable significance for improving prognosis of STAD patients and offering theoretical support for clinical therapy.
Downsizing a heavyweight: factors and methods that revise weight estimates of the giant fossil whale Perucetus colossus
Authors: Motani Ryosuke , Pyenson Nicholas D.
Published: February 2024

Extremes in organismal size have broad interest in ecology and evolution because organismal size dictates many traits of an organism’s biology. There is particular fascination with identifying upper size extremes in the largest vertebrates, given the challenges and difficulties of measuring extant and extinct candidates for the largest animal of all time, such as whales, terrestrial non-avian dinosaurs, and extinct marine reptiles. The discovery of Perucetus colossus, a giant basilosaurid whale from the Eocene of Peru, challenged many assumptions about organismal extremes based on reconstructions of its body weight that exceeded reported values for blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus). Here we present an examination of a series of factors and methodological approaches to assess reconstructing body weight in Perucetus, including: data sources from large extant cetaceans; fitting published body mass estimates to body outlines; testing the assumption of isometry between skeletal and body masses, even with extrapolation; examining the role of pachyostosis in body mass reconstructions; addressing method-dependent error rates; and comparing Perucetus with known physiological and ecological limits for living whales, and Eocene oceanic productivity. We conclude that Perucetus did not exceed the body mass of today’s blue whales. Depending on assumptions and methods, we estimate that Perucetus weighed 60–70 tons assuming a length 17 m. We calculated larger estimates potentially as much as 98–114 tons at 20 m in length, which is far less than the direct records of blue whale weights, or the 270 ton estimates that we calculated for body weights of the largest blue whales measured by length.
Enhancing medical image segmentation with a multi-transformer U-Net
Authors: Dan Yongping , Jin Weishou , Yue Xuebin , Wang Zhida
Published: February 2024

Various segmentation networks based on Swin Transformer have shown promise in medical segmentation tasks. Nonetheless, challenges such as lower accuracy and slower training convergence have persisted. To tackle these issues, we introduce a novel approach that combines the Swin Transformer and Deformable Transformer to enhance overall model performance. We leverage the Swin Transformer’s window attention mechanism to capture local feature information and employ the Deformable Transformer to adjust sampling positions dynamically, accelerating model convergence and aligning it more closely with object shapes and sizes. By amalgamating both Transformer modules and incorporating additional skip connections to minimize information loss, our proposed model excels at rapidly and accurately segmenting CT or X-ray lung images. Experimental results demonstrate the remarkable, showcasing the significant prowess of our model. It surpasses the performance of the standalone Swin Transformer’s Swin Unet and converges more rapidly under identical conditions, yielding accuracy improvements of 0.7% (resulting in 88.18%) and 2.7% (resulting in 98.01%) on the COVID-19 CT scan lesion segmentation dataset and Chest X-ray Masks and Labels dataset, respectively. This advancement has the potential to aid medical practitioners in early diagnosis and treatment decision-making.
How does physical activity improve adolescent resilience? Serial indirect effects via self-efficacy and basic psychological needs
Authors: Li Xuening , Wang Jing , Yu Huasen , Liu Yang , Xu Xiaoling , Lin Jiabin , Yang Ning
Published: February 2024

Background

Resilience is vital for improving mental health and well-being during adolescence, which is an important yet vulnerable period. Previous research has indicated that physical activity enhances individual resilience. However, limited studies have examined underlying psychological mechanisms between them. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of physical activity on adolescent resilience via self-efficacy and basic psychological needs.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1,732 high school students aged 16 to 20 years old (mean age: 16.51 ± 0.77 years), with nearly equal number of boys (47.63%) and girls (52.37%). They each completed the Physical Exercise Questionnaire, Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Resilience Scale, respectively. A serial indirect model was constructed to examine how physical activity influences resilience.

Results

Structural equation model analysis revealed that physical activity significantly and directly predicted resilience. When self-efficacy and basic psychological needs were included in the model, both direct and indirect effects were observed. Specifically, the positive relationship between physical activity and resilience was partially mediated by self-efficacy and basic psychological needs. In addition, basic psychological needs and self-efficacy were found to serially mediate the direct relathonship between physical activity and resilience.

Conclusions

The present study provides novel theoretical insights into sports psychology by establishing a link between basic psychological needs and self-efficacy. The findings have implications for school administrators and physical education instructors in designing targeted interventions to promote adolescent resilience. These interventions may involve creating supportive environment conductive to fulfilling students’ basic psychological needs, implementing strategies to enhance self-efficacy beliefs, and providing opportunities for skill development and mastery experiences in sports and physical activities.
Improving Emerging Infectious Disease Control Based on the Experiences of South Korean Nurses During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Systematic Review
Authors: Park Ha-Young , Yeom In-Sun
Published: February 2024

Purpose: This qualitative systematic review explored infection control by analyzing studies involving South Korean nurses who cared for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Considering the social and cultural differences between countries, it is necessary to understand the experiences of nurses in specific countries.Methods: Articles published between January 2020 (the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic) and April 2022 were considered by searching six electronic databases. Thirteen articles were included based on specific inclusion/ exclusion criteria. Results: Through a thematic synthesis, six themes reflecting barriers to ensuring quality patient care during an emerging infectious disease situation were identified: lack of information and education about emerging infectious diseases, limitations in nursing infrastructure and system, physical stress owing to excessive nursing workload, mental stress owing to extreme anxiety about an infection, skepticism due to inadequate compensation, and ethical dilemma. Themes 1~4, which South Korean nurses experienced, were similar to the experiences of nurses in other countries. Themes 5 and 6 reflect experiences specific to nurses in South Korea.Conclusion: To improve infection control against new infectious diseases, it is necessary to understand not only the similar experiences of nurses in all countries, but also experiences that are specific to each country’s cultural and social characteristics. Thus, a distinct policy approach is needed for each country in order to improve infection control measures.
Effects of an EMR Education Program on Nursing Information Literacy, Self-Directed Learning, Problem-Solving Ability, and Practice Satisfaction of Undergraduate Nursing Students
Authors: Choi Dongwon
Published: February 2024

Purpose: This study implemented an electronic medical record (EMR) training program for nursing students and aimed to confirm its effectiveness.Methods: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The participants were 42 sophomore nursing students enrolled in a fundamental nursing course (experimental group: n=21, control group n=21). The EMR training program consisted of 6 sessions, taught over 5 weeks. Data were collected between April 23 and July 14, 2023, and were analyzed using the x2 test, Fisher exact test, t-test, paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Mann-Whitney U test with SPSS for Windows version 24.0.Results: Significant differences were shown between the experimental and control groups regarding self-directed learning ability (t=2.22, p=.032), problem-solving ability (t=2.34, p=.026), practice satisfaction (U=136.00, p=.016) and EMR competency (U=101.50, p=.001).Conclusion: The EMR training program effectively improved nursing students’ self-directed learning ability, problem-solving ability, practice satisfaction, and EMR competency. Therefore, developing and applying EMR-related content can enhance nursing student’s awareness of EMR systems is recommended.
Factors Influencing Graduate Nurses’ Intention to Care for Emerging Infectious Disease Patients Based on Theory of Reasoned Action
Authors: Jeong Seonhye , Song Yeoungsuk
Published: February 2024

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting graduate nurses’ intention to care for emerging infectious disease patients based on the theory of rational action.Methods: The participants were 127 graduate nurses who had graduated from in Gyeongsangbuk Province. Data were collected from March 25 to April 1, 2022. Descriptive statistics, the t-test, analysis of variance, the Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used for data analysis.Results: The mean scores for attitudes, subjective norms, and nursing intention for patients with emerging infectious diseases were 30.60±5.49, 30.17 ±6.38, and 69.19±8.97, respectively. Nursing intention was significantly different according to major satisfaction (t=-3.02, p=.003) and the presence of medical personnel in the family (t=2.30, p=.023). Nursing intention had a significant positive correlation with attitudes (r=.44, p<.001) and subjective norms (r=.37, p<.001). The variables that significantly affected nursing intention were attitudes (β=.42, p<.001), satisfaction with the nursing major (β=.21, p=.008), and the presence of medical personnel in the family (β=.17, p=.026), with a total explanatory power of approximately 26%.Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the development and application of programs on positively changing attitudes toward patients with emerging infectious diseases and increasing satisfaction with the nursing major are needed.
Educação, saúde e empreendedorismo no terceiro setor: a história da Instituição Beneficente Emmanuel (IBEM)
Authors: Vasconcelos Alana Danielly , De Aragão Bruna Ribeiro , Dos Santos Daniela Meira , Mendonça Gianini Costa , Mota Karolyne Vieira , Andrade Layza Emanuele Santos , Mendonça Luiza Gabriela Feitosa , De Carvalho Raiza Caroline Aragão
Published: February 2024

Educar com vistas a uma educação empreendedora não constitui tarefa fácil como preconizam Schaefer e Minello (2016) e, quando realizada no terceiro setor, os desafios parecem ser maiores. Assim, este artigo tem por objetivo geral apresentar a Instituição Beneficente Emmanuel (IBEM) como case de sucesso na promoção de uma educação empreendedora. O trabalho justifica-se pela necessidade de ampliar o debate sobre o empreendedorismo no terceiro setor. A metodologia pautou-se na abordagem qualitativa com revisão bibliográfica segundo Richardson (2017). Chega-se à consideração de que é possível a realização da prática empreendedora no terceiro setor, mas que, ainda se carece de maiores incentivos desta educação no âmbito de Instituições Beneficentes.
Marine Heat Waves in the Indian Ocean: A Major Climate Impact on Marine Microalgae
Authors: Kadam Rishikesh Venkatrao , Narsale Swapnil Ananda , Prakash Patekar , Sheikh Samad , Chovatiya Ravi , Parmar Bindiya , Barraiya Ravi , Mohale Hari Prasad , Chandravanshi Sanjay
Published: February 2024

A clearly defined, lengthy (five days or longer) period of extraordinarily high ocean temperatures is known as Marine Heat Waves (MHWs) (above the e0th percentile). These events significantly impact the structure, abundance, cell size, metabolic functions, physico-chemical interactions between microalgae cells and their surroundings in the Indian Ocean. In the tropical Indian Ocean, the average sea surface temperature (SST) increased by 1.0°C (0.15°C/decade) on average between 1951 and 2015, while the global average SST warmed by roughly 0.7°C (0.11 °C/decade). This resulted from the incidence of Marine microalgal bloom MMBs (including Harmful Algal Bloom) and the number of causal taxa may grow as SST increases. Trichodesmium and Noctiluca contributed 34.4% and 31.8%, respectively, to the overall blooms. Such a heating phenomenon also triggers the dominance of small-sized algal cells, harmful diatoms and pico-plankton. The present paper reviews the Indian as well as global episodes of MHWs such as Western South Atlantic, North-East Pacific, Western Australia, Alaskan Sea etc. and their impact on phytoplankton. The combination of warming and heatwaves triggers blooms of buoyant cyanobacteria and its combined impacts of MHWs and ocean warming/acidification on phytoplankton community structure have not been fully studied in the Indian Ocean.
Development of Probabilistic Models Optimized for Korean Marine Environment Varying from Sea to Sea Based on the Three-parameter Weibull Distribution
Authors: Cho Yong Jun
Published: February 2024

In this study, probabilistic models for the wave- and lifting forces were derived directly from long-term in-situ wave data embedding the Korean marine environment characteristics varying from sea to sea based on the Three-Parameter Weibull distribution. Korean marine environment characteristics varying from sea to sea carved out their presence on the probability coefficients of probabilistic models for wave- and lifting forces. Energetic wave conditions along the southern coast of Korea distinguish themselves from the others with a relatively large scale coefficient, small location coefficient, and shape coefficient around 1.3. On the other hand, mild marine environment along the western coast has a small variability, leading to small scale-coefficient, large location coefficient and shape coefficient around 2.0. In the sea off Mokpo, near the boundary between the South- and West Seas, marine environment was characterized by small scale-coefficient, large location coefficient, and shape coefficient around 1.2, implying that marine environments characteristics of the South-and West Sea coexist in the sea off Mokpo.
Ethical Issues in Biomedical Research
Authors: Florczyk Stephen , Saha Subrata
Published: April 2006

Ethical issues that develop in biomedical engineering are outlined with focus on biomedical research. Issues including research misconduct, conflict of interest, the development of new products, animal experimentation, and clinical trials are presented, with particular focus on stem cell research and nanotechnology. The fundamentals of research ethics are also addressed. Difficulties potentially faced by biomedical engineers are addressed, with the medical point of view contrasted to the engineering point of view. Recommendations for teaching ethics to biomedical engineers and for teaching research ethics are presented.
The internet, empowerment, and identity: an exploration of participation by refugee women in a Community Internet Project (CIP) in the United Kingdom (UK)
Authors: Siddiquee Asiya , Kagan Carolyn
Published: April 2006

This article considers the relationship between the Internet, empowerment, identity and participation; and focuses on refugee women in the United Kingdom (UK) participating in a Community Internet Project (CIP) to learn Internet skills. Semi‐structured interviews and a non‐participant observation were conducted with six refugee women and the course tutor participating in the final session of the CIP. Thematic analysis of the interviews supplemented with findings from the observation, revealed outcomes associated with technological engagement and participation. Technological engagement outcomes included intermediate outcomes of maintaining links and re‐building networks, and facilitating resettlement and integration; and empowerment and identity outcomes facilitating the maintenance and development of personal identities, and fostering psychological empowerment. Participation outcomes included the development of social identity and community narratives, and collective consciousness‐raising. These findings are used to reflect on the theory of the social psychology of participation (Campbell & Jovchelovitch, 2000), by contextualising technological engagement within participatory processes. The article concludes by discussing individual agency within participation; and calls for further research into the utility of digital technologies in community participatory processes. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analgesic and hepatotoxic effects of Ononis spinosa L.
Authors: Yõlmaz Betül Sever , Özbek Hanefi , Çitoğlu Gülçin Saltan , Uğraş Serdar , Bayram İrfan , Erdoğan Ender
Published: April 2006

The present study investigated the analgesic and hepatoprotective activities of a water extract of Ononis spinosa L. (OS) in mice. Analgesic activity was based on the pain thresholds measured with the tail‐flick test before administration at 30, 90 and 150 min. The results were analysed with one‐way variance analysis. The extract of Ononis spinosa showed analgesic activity equivalent to aspirin at 30 and 90 min and even higher than aspirin with the 50 mg/kg dose. At a dose of 100 mg/kg OS showed an analgesic effect equivalent to aspirin at all time points.

The hepatoprotective influence of OS on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced acute liver toxicity was also studied. The extract had no significant effect on the increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and bilirubin in CCl4 treated animals (p > 0.05). Thus, the results reveal that the extract of OS had no hepatoprotective effect on CCl4‐induced acute liver toxicity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new combined approach to the nasopharynx in head and neck plastic surgery: technique and application
Authors: Savage J R , Saleh H A , Clarke P M
Published: April 2006

This article presents a combined approach to the nasopharynx, which has not been previously described. The technique is applicable to cases of recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma which exhibit lateral extension. We describe the technique and report a case in which it was used. A review is presented of all other techniques currently described. The authors would not advocate the use of a combined approach to the nasopharynx in all cases, but there certainly appears to be a place for this technique.
Committed Mothers and Well-adjusted Children: Privatisation, Early-Years Education and Motherhood in Calcutta
Authors: DONNER HENRIKE
Published: April 2006

This article explores new definitions of good mothering among middle-class families in Calcutta and the way early years education, which has become popular over the last two decades has reshaped women's lives as daughters-in-law and mothers of successful future white-collar workers. Through a detailed ethnography of mothers attitudes to preschool education and the parenting practices associated with it the article explores their roles as consumers within a highly competitive local educational landscape, and argues that it is in through preschool education and the related practises that these women actively shape discourses of politics and modernity.
Carl Schmitt and the Problem of Legal Order: From Domestic to International
Authors: ZARMANIAN THALIN
Published: April 2006

This article focuses on the evolution of the concept of legal order in Carl Schmitt's thought and in particular on the spatial perspective he developed in his internationalist thought. In order to grasp its relevance, it is necessary to understand it in relation to the theoretical problems and concepts which underlie Schmitt's oeuvre. For this reason the first part of the article focuses on the theoretical problem of the possibility of a legal order in a plural context, trying to assess the distinctiveness of Schmitt's thought in relation to his contemporaries and to the approaches and schools of thought with which he is often associated. The second part then examines the evolution of his constitutionalist output, something which is fundamental to an understanding of his internationalist thought. The third part then focuses on his internationalist thought, and in particular on the theory of the nomos, which represents a synthesis of his whole thought.
The rhetoric of Oliver Williamson's transaction cost economics
Authors: PESSALI HUASCAR F.
Published: April 2006

Bounded rationality, opportunism, the primacy of markets and the action of economizing are building blocks of Oliver Williamson's Transaction Cost Economics (TCE). As in all intellectual exchanges, Williamson has used a range of argumentative devices to set up and negotiate his basic notions and assumptions with economists. Rhetorical analysis is applied here to study his argumentation in a certain institutional context within economics. Negotiations with the mainstream, with the competence view of the firm and within the New Institutional Economics, for instance, have had an impact on the construction of TCE and are given attention here. Difficult decisions have been made in order to forge ahead with TCE, including whether to uphold some notions (e.g. opportunism) at the cost of leaving others behind (e.g. economics of atmosphere). Rhetorical transactions like this have shaped TCE and its recognition in economics and related areas.
Die M-DAS - eine modifizierte Version der Differentiellen Affekt Skala zur Erfassung von Emotionen bei der Mediennutzung
Authors: Renaud Dagmar , Unz Dagmar
Published: April 2006

Zusammenfassung. In einer Studie zur Modifikation der Differentiellen Affekt Skala (DAS) wurden die positiven Emotionen Zuneigung, Fröhlichkeit, Zufriedenheit, Faszination, Vergnügen und Freude dahingehend geprüft, ob sie sich in medienpsychologischen Untersuchungen als zusätzliche Skalen zur Erfassung positiver emotionaler Befindlichkeiten eignen. 160 Versuchspersonen sollten sich an ein angenehmes Film- oder Fernseherlebnis erinnern und zu 62 emotionsbeschreibenden Begriffen (5-stufige Skala) angeben, wie intensiv sie dieses Gefühl empfunden haben. Die interne Reliabilitätsermittlung und Faktorenanalysen führten für Vergnügen, Zufriedenheit, Zuneigung und Freude zu je drei Items, die zufrieden stellende Reliabilitäten erreichten und auf einem gemeinsamen Faktor hoch laden. Für Faszination fand die Faktorenanalyse zwei Faktoren, die auf zwei Varianten dieser Skala (Faszination und Ergriffenheit) schließen lassen. Eine zusätzliche Studie mit 600 Kinobesuchern ergab zufrieden stellende interne Konsistenzen für die um die genannten positiven Emotionsskalen erweiterte M-DAS. Somit steht mit der M-DAS ein reliables Instrument zur Verfügung, um ein breites Spektrum emotionaler Befindlichkeiten bei der Medienrezeption zu erfassen.
Multidecadal modulation of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variance by Atlantic Ocean sea surface temperatures
Authors: Dong Buwen , Sutton Rowan T. , Scaife Adam A.
Published: April 2006

Observations suggest a possible link between the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability, with the warm AMO phase being related to weaker ENSO variability. A coupled ocean‐atmosphere model is used to investigate this relationship and to elucidate mechanisms responsible for it. Anomalous sea surface temperatures (SSTs) associated with the positive AMO lead to change in the basic state in the tropical Pacific Ocean. This basic state change is associated with a deepened thermocline and reduced vertical stratification of the equatorial Pacific ocean, which in turn leads to weakened ENSO variability. We suggest a role for an atmospheric bridge that rapidly conveys the influence of the Atlantic Ocean to the tropical Pacific. The results suggest a non‐local mechanism for changes in ENSO statistics and imply that anomalous Atlantic ocean SSTs can modulate both mean climate and climate variability over the Pacific.
Proverb Comprehension as a Function of Reading Proficiency in Preadolescents
Authors: Nippold Marilyn A. , Allen Melissa M. , Kirsch Dixon I.
Published: April 2006

Purpose:Proverb comprehension through reading was examined in 42 preadolescents (mean age=12:2 [years:months]) attending a rural public middle school. The study was designed to learn about individual differences with respect to reading, word knowledge, and analogical reasoning skills.

Method:The 42 students were assigned to subgroups of proficient and less proficient readers based on their scores on a school-administered achievement test. Reading tasks were presented to examine their comprehension of unfamiliar concrete (e.g.,every bird must hatch its own eggs) and abstract (e.g.,gratitude is a heavy burden) proverbs, and their knowledge of nouns contained in the expressions. A nonverbal analogical reasoning task also was administered.

Results:Proverb comprehension was found to be associated with reading proficiency, word knowledge, and analogical reasoning. Although all students were considered by their school to be typical achievers, they demonstrated wide individual differences in their ability to interpret unfamiliar concrete and abstract proverbs. Proficient readers outperformed less proficient readers on comprehension of both types of proverbs, knowledge of abstract nouns contained in proverbs, and analogical reasoning. They did not differ, however, on knowledge of concrete nouns, with both subgroups having mastered those words.

Educational Implications:The results support the view that reading is an important language modality in older children, significantly related to their understanding of words and figurative expressions. Implications for instruction in proverb comprehension as part of a language arts curriculum are offered for speech-language pathologists working collaboratively with classroom teachers. These guidelines reflect the view that multiple factors (i.e., reading, word knowledge, analogical reasoning) promote proverb comprehension in youth.
Listeners’ Perceptions of Language Use in Children
Authors: DeThorne Laura Segebart , Watkins Ruth V.
Published: April 2006

Past research suggests that when children’s communication skills do not match others’ expectations, children are likely to be perceived negatively and may consequently experience less academic and social success. This project focused on listeners’ perceptions of three children, one with specific language impairment (SLI) and two typically developing peers. The listeners consisted of teachers, speech-language pathologists, undergraduate students, and sixth-grade students. All four listener groups consistently perceived the child with SLI more negatively than the typically developing youngsters, thereby illuminating the need for clinicians to (a) increase their awareness of personal biases, (b) educate parents and teachers regarding the nature of SLI, (c) collaborate with teachers and other professionals to promote the social integration of children with language impairment in the classroom, and (d) consider the social impact of particular speech-language characteristics when prioritizing intervention targets.
Case Study
Authors: Barlow Jessica A.
Published: April 2006

Recently, the development of the constraint-based framework of optimality theory has been adopted and applied to the assessment and treatment of children with phonological disorders. This paper provides a demonstration of the application of optimality theory to the assessment and treatment of a single child with a phonological disorder. First, a tutorial of the theory is provided. Then, several prototypical error patterns evident in the child's productions are analyzed within the framework. These errors are accounted for by assuming that constraints against marked structure are ranked over constraints that require faithfulness to input forms within the child’s grammar. Following that, a demonstration of how optimality theory accounts for different types of variation in the child’s productions is provided. These different types of variation are revealing of the true nature of certain error patterns, particularly an apparent pattern of cluster reduction. Finally, the results of the analysis lead to suggestions for treatment that focus on the demotion of markedness constraints below faithfulness constraints.
Implicationally Related Error Patterns and the Selection of Treatment Targets
Authors: Dinnsen Daniel A. , O’Connor Kathleen M.
Published: April 2006

This paper compares some of the different claims that have been made concerning acquisition by traditional rule-based derivational theories and the more recent framework of optimality theory. Case studies of children with phonological delays are examined with special attention given to two seemingly independent error patterns, namely, place harmony and spirantization. Contrary to the expectations of derivational theories, these (and other) error patterns are argued to be implicationally related. Optimality theory is shown to offer a principled explanation for the facts with novel implications for clinical treatment.