bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jet engines, wind turbines, and AI: community reactions to new sounds
Authors: Szymanski Jeff
Published: July 2024

When jet engine-powered commercial aircraft started flying in and out of airports in the mid-20th century, surrounding communities-often in rural areas-were exposed to unprecedented sound levels. A straight line can be drawn from the reactions of those communities to today's Federal
Aviation Administration (FAA) airport acoustical requirements. Community reactions to utility-scale wind energy facilities in the late 20th and early 21st centuries led to a bevy of local legislation around the United States, some of which has been insightful and helpful. More recently, society's
ever-increasing demand for bits and bytes is introducing suburban areas to data centers-campuses of multi-story buildings requiring access to high volumes of cool air, fast Internet connections, and megawatts of electricity. Community reactions to the resulting environmental sound levels are
again driving regulation and legislation. In all these cases, community reactions have driven the narrative. Instead of responding to community reactions, the noise control engineering community and their clients could be more proactive-the professionals could lead the narrative. Ideas about
how to achieve this level of proactivity are discussed.
Tunnel Ventilation Silencer Replacement Project
Authors: LaForgia Dan N.
Published: July 2024

Silencers play a major role on road and rail tunnel ventilation projects throughout North America and the globe. They are instrumental in acheving the required dBA levels; specifically for emergency announcements. Vibro-Acoustics was called to replace silencers that began rusting internally.
This caused metal pieces to break off during fan operation. Blade strikes were discovered by maintenance personel which promped an entire replacement task. This was a challenge in itself to remove the existing silencers and install new ones in their place as many space restrictions were present.
The new silencers had to be fabricated in a way to meet the stringent acoustic requirements but also for ease of installation. They consisted of 84" inlet and 144" discharge lengths to acheive the noise requirements both at the track level and nearly street level. The silencers consisted
of 3/16" plate casings and G235 18 gauge baffles as per the engineers specification. This presentation will show the steps taken to remove the old silencers, the challenges of installing the new silencers, and the testing process for ceritfiying the acoustic performance by a third party
acoustical consulant located in NYC. Vibro-Acoustics was involved throughout the entire project which dates back to 2018.
Broadband Aircraft Noise Attenuation Across Low and High Frequencies Using Structured Materials
Authors: Kone Tenon Charly , Ghinet Sebastian , Panneton Raymond , GREWAL Anant
Published: July 2024

Controlling broadband noise throughout the spectrum, from low to high frequencies, is a significant challenge for the aerospace, transportation, and construction industries. Although recent research has focused on low-frequency noise control solutions using acoustic metamaterial designs,
the narrow-band resonances of these materials remain a limitation. This paper presents a structured material system which addresses this limitation by proposing a parallel assembly of structured materials, enabling broadening of the resonance frequency band from low to high frequencies. The
study involves an arrangement of structured metamaterials and Helmholtz Resonators embedded in a layer of glass wool. By meticulously grouping individual resonant frequencies, the proposed assembly effectively attenuates noise over the frequency range of interest. The present research contributes
to the development of lasting solutions for aircraft noise across a broad frequency spectrum, showing promising potential for significant noise reduction within practical constraints.
Acoustic design considerations for mental and behavioral healthcare facilities
Authors: Jarta Gina , Brenneman Robert M. , Giebink Brian
Published: July 2024

The acoustic environment in healthcare settings can impact patient comfort and clinical outcomes. Design of mental and behavioral healthcare facilities have the unique challenge of balancing acoustic needs with the considerations of patient safety, maintenance requirements, and cost-effective
design. The acoustic quality of these patient care spaces is often overlooked or considered impractical to achieve due to other design constraints. This evaluation reviews the applicable acoustic guidelines and unique design considerations related to mental and behavioral healthcare facilities,
current design practices, and developer feedback for recently constructed facilities.
Aspects of rumble strip noise at distant ranges
Authors: Donavan Paul , Janello Carrie J.
Published: July 2024

One aspect of rumble strips that limits the use of these devices is noise intrusion for residents nearby the roadway. To investigate this issue as part of the NCHRP quieter rumble strip project, pass-by noise measurements on the rumble strips were made beyond the standard evaluation
distance of 25 feet (7.5m). Distances varied from 48 feet (14.6m) to 381 feet (116m) more typical of distances for residences near the roadway. For this assessment, pass-by noise measurements and recordings on the rumble strips were made at distances using one test vehicle from the primary
research. The measurements were for sinusoidal rumble strips with wavelengths of 13, 15, 16, and 17 inches (33.0, 38.1, 40.6, and 43.2cm). For comparison, measurements were also made for more standard, discrete grind rumble strips. For all strips, the frequency of the repetition rate was apparent
as the vehicle approached the microphone location and to a lesser amount after the vehicle passed the microphone. It was also demonstrated that the overall A-weighted level fell-off at a higher rate than the level at the repetition rate. The 80 Hz tone from the sinusoidal strips was observed
to be barely audible, unlike the 100 Hz tone for the conventional strips.
Enforcement against vehicle noise from aftermarket parts in the United States: a qualitative analysis of stakeholders' opinions
Authors: Dharamsi Imran , Walker Erica
Published: July 2024

Background: Disruptive environmental sounds, estimated to impact at least 145 million Americans, correlate with higher risk for hypertension, adverse cardiovascular events, and hearing loss. Traffic noise, especially from vehicles with aftermarket parts, is a major contributor to environmental
noise. Restrictions on vehicle noise vary by state and are rarely enforced. Aim: To understand perspectives of individuals, government officials, and special interests regarding vehicle noise enforcement. Methods: Two focus groups and 27 one-on-one interviews were conducted, primarily on Zoom.
The stakeholders interviewed were: 13 concerned residents, two auto shop owners, 8 auto enthusiasts, two police departments, one city councilor, and one special interest group. Call guides were developed based on background research and 238 written comments. Interviews were transcribed, summarized,
and analyzed using qualitative coding. Results: While residents and enthusiasts agree drivers must be considerate, only enthusiasts prefer neighbor dialogue to government enforcement. Government officials favor in-person police enforcement but are considering acoustic cameras and other targeted
approaches. All agree that vehicle noise should not be prioritized over more serious public safety matters. Conclusion: An effective compromise is possible. Governments should continue in-person noise enforcement while altering the built environment and beginning publicity campaigns to discourage
noisy and reckless driving.
Noise in sustainable transformation of aviation
Authors: Ulfvengren Pernilla
Published: July 2024

Rising awareness of aviation noise's health and annoyance impacts does not coincide with the industry's sustainable transition which is primarily driven by climate change. While electrification and sustainable fuels are seen as solutions, current strategies often encourage aviation
sector growth including airport and traffic expansion. National initiatives aim to accelerate aviation's sustainable transformation, aligning with increased transportation accessibility and mobility goals. There is a push for directives for electric aviation, drones, and urban air mobility
(UAM). Local health and annoyance, however, are overshadowed by the pretense of the global focus. Increased noise is anticipated with projected increases in air travel and added noise from electric and drone aircraft! This paper integrates noise and annoyance considerations into sustainable
aviation transformation. A system analysis, using soft system methodologies, reveals comprehensive socio-technical perspectives from aviation, urban planning, citizens, and regulation. Findings indicate future noise challenges and unfavorable conditions for noise reduction innovations. The
study advocates for society-wide strategies to manage aviation noise and annoyance, emphasizing recommendations like careful design, operational considerations, noise simulations, and democratic community involvement in implementation. These insights anticipate a surge in noise-related complaints
and opposition. This paper is of interest also for future aviation developers.
Applying the Association of Australasian Acoustical Consultants (AAAC) guideline for acoustic assessment of gymnasiums and exercise facilities to field measured heavy hard impact data.
Authors: Byrick Wilson , Edwards Simon
Published: July 2024

In this paper we apply the newly published Association of Australasian Acoustical Consultants (AAAC) Guideline for Acoustic Assessment of Gymnasiums and Exercise Facilities to field measured heavy hard impact data. ISO and ASTM have working groups developing standards with regards to
heavy, hard impact noise. There is an industry need for a single number rating or other evaluation system "to assess the noise and vibration impact resulting from the use and operation of both existing and proposed gymnasiums and exercise facilities consistently, accurately and fairly."
Lmax sound pressure levels resulting from 22.7 kg weight drops from 150 mm height were collected in a concrete building on numerous gym flooring build ups in two different adjacencies. AAAC guidelines are applied, and single number ratings reported. The AAAC metric is compared to other existing
guidelines and metrics. This brings to light the need for a comprehensive ASTM guideline for assessing structure borne noise associated with fitness areas in mixed use buildings.
Mitigating vibration from building systems in a second-floor laboratory
Authors: Hirsh AnnMarie
Published: July 2024

A second-floor laboratory reported excessive vibrations that were impacting the calibration of microscopes, as well as human comfort. Based on a review of the building floor plans and discussions with the Design-Build team, potential vibration sources were narrowed to various MEP equipment
in the first-floor mechanical room, rooftop, and outdoor utility pad. Vibration measurements were collected in the laboratory and near each piece of mechanical equipment as the equipment was turned ON and OFF to determine its vibration impact on the laboratory. The narrowband frequency data
indicated that the rotational frequency of the ceiling-mounted hot water pumps coincided with the frequencies of excessive vibration in the lab. Vibration isolation for the hot water pumps and surrounding piping and equipment was reviewed, and recommendations were provided based on ASHRAE
guidance to minimize vibration propagation to the laboratory.
Thinking inside the box: a cost-effective approach to fan array noise reduction
Authors: Pietrusinski Nicholas , Babich Jeffrey E.
Published: July 2024

Noise from fan arrays can contribute high sound pressure levels both to buildings and communities. Noise that travels from these units through ducts and into the spaces within buildings can be attenuated with silencers or duct lining. However, sound radiated from the unit through building
structures or into communities can be more difficult to attenuate and often adds significant cost. While it is possible to attenuate sound from the unit using enclosures or sound walls, exploring the operation of the fan arrays themselves could be a more cost-effective noise reduction method.
One particular noise reduction method for an existing fan array was proposed for a customer: review sound levels of each fan within the array to determine how they are contributing to the radiated sound power level of the unit. The assumption that sound levels between individual fans within
fan arrays are consistent is not always correct. A series of acoustical tests were completed; results indicated that sound caused by turbulent airflow within the tested fan array was able to be lowered by reducing the fan speeds of individual fans. By reducing the fan speeds of problematic
fans and increasing speeds for the quieter ones within the same fan array, the same level of cooling can be provided with lower overall radiated sound levels at no additional cost.
Advanced acoustic simulation of aircraft test environments: integration of the direct field acoustic testing methodology
Authors: Weston Adam Robert , Castel Alexis , Gardner Bryce , Hadjit Rabah , Deshpande Satya
Published: July 2024

In aeroacoustic engineering, replicating real-world environments in a controlled setting presents significant opportunities for reduced flight testing but also comes with challenges when precisely simulating the flight environment. This paper introduces an innovative acoustic simulation
model that leverages the Boundary Element Method (BEM) and a Direct Field Acoustic Testing (DFAT) simulation module. The primary objective is to virtually reproduce test sound fields that closely mimic the full fluctuating pressure environments aircraft encounter during flight using only loudspeaker
arrays. This approach involves virtually reproducing a sophisticated test setup, typically comprising hundreds of drivers actively managed to generate a specific sound field. This setup is designed to virtually replicate various complex pressure environments, such as those produced by a Turbulent
Boundary Layer, the complex pressure fields generated by aircraft propellers or jet engines. The use of active noise generation simulation helps determine the feasibility of a given pressure field and the capability of a test facility to simulate it accurately. The virtually reproduced sound
fields simulated by this model show remarkable potential in approximating real-world pressure loadings. This capability is particularly useful in establishing pre-test predictions for fuselage testing such as sidewall build-ups: including insulation, and damping treatments, TVAs and TMDs.
Applying reflections in the FHWA Traffic Noise Model
Authors: Rochat Judy , Della Neve Roberto
Published: July 2024

The latest version of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Traffic Noise Model (TNM), version 3.2, was released early 2024 and is encouraged for use to conduct highway noise impact and noise abatement analyses. TNM 3.2 has the advantage of allowing single order reflections in addition
to a parallel barrier/wall analysis. This paper presents a process to apply single order reflections considering both their sound contribution and their efficiency in modeling and calculations. The process was applied to a real highway project to evaluate sound level increases due to single
reflections and to compare predicted sound levels with and without reflections to measured sound levels. Reflecting surfaces evaluated include noise walls on one side of a highway, building facades facing the highway, and sides of buildings.
Noise control for curtain wall construction in residential buildings - a retrofit solution
Authors: Du Guangsheng (Sam) , Tsang Jessica , Thyagarajan Abhishek
Published: July 2024

In modern high-rise residential buildings, designers and architects utilize curtain wall construction either for the entire building or a portion of the building to achieve the desired visual impact in an urban setting. This poses significant challenges to satisfy the building code
acoustical requirement (e,g., sound transmission class) between residential suites on adjacent floors. Apparent sound transmission class tests were completed after the curtain wall system was installed and concluded non-compliance with the Ontario Building Code acoustical requirement. A retrofit
noise mitigation option was proposed and implemented. The ASTC field test was repeated and concluded compliance with the building code acoustical requirement.
Considerations for extending sound studies beyond typical regulatory compliance requirements for data centers in suburban and rural environments.
Authors: Horesco Joseph , Yoder Bill
Published: July 2024

The escalating presence of data centers in suburban and rural environments has emerged as a potential new source of noise in areas often lacking comprehensive noise regulations. Where noise regulations do exist, many do not provide spectral limitations or other methods of assessing
and regulating the frequently cited community concerns such as low-frequency noise (LFN) and tonality of the sounds. This may lead to public dissatisfaction of the data center sounds despite compliance with the applicable noise limits. This paper provides an overview of representative codes
and standards to help illustrate the deficiencies in some codes to identify community concerns. In addition, the paper conducts an initial examination of sound spectra associated with a variety of mechanical equipment types used for cooling data halls in these facilities, focusing on identifying
outliers or common characteristics that may cause community annoyance. This review emphasizes the need for heightened scrutiny during the due diligence or design phase of data center projects.
Source characterization of a ducted source using acoustic free velocity
Authors: Neihguk David , Herrin David W. , Luo Ke
Published: July 2024

A common method to characterize linear time invariant ducted acoustic sources is the electro-acoustic analogy. The sources are typically defined by their internal source strength and source impedance. Various methods have emerged to determine the source characteristics, broadly categorized
into direct and indirect methods. Direct methods involve using a secondary source with significantly higher amplitude to measure source impedance but cannot determine source strength. Indirect methods vary acoustic loads to obtain both source strength and source impedance, accuracy depends
on appropriate load combinations. In this research, we propose an inverse method to determine the acoustic source strength from the measured acoustic transfer function and the operational acoustic pressure. This approach yields what we term as the "acoustic free velocity," corresponding
to a plane monopole source that characterizes the original sound source. Subsequently, the source impedance is obtained using the acoustic free velocity in conjunction with the load impedance and acoustic pressure in the acoustic circuit. The method is demonstrated using a compressor driver
source attached to a 1 3/8" impedance tube. Validation of the measured source strength and source impedance is conducted using a two-load method. Additionally, prediction of muffler insertion loss shows a good correlation with experimental measurements, affirming the efficacy of the proposed
methodology.
Applications of an acoustical camera in laboratory testing
Authors: Mohler Daniel , Fullerton Jeff
Published: July 2024

Laboratory testing of airborne and impact sound insulation in accordance with ASTM E90 and E492 use conventional microphones for performing the measurements. Our laboratory has utilized an audio visual camera to visually identify areas of the assembly where transmission is maximized.
Our experience with the camera allows us to use the visual output of the camera to ensure that the assembly has been properly sealed to avoid the potential concern for unintended flanking and lower than ideal results and ratings. Through this application of the technology, we have found success
with optimizing the STC and IIC ratings of the assemblies that are tested.
Times to stabilize sound metrics in rural areas - How long should you monitor?
Authors: Kaliski Kenneth , Wilson D. Keith
Published: July 2024

In areas dominated by the sound from highway traffic, day-to-day sound ambient sound levels can be relatively constant. However, in rural areas, where wind, animals, machinery, airplane overflights, and occasional or distant traffic play larger roles in their contributions to ambient
sound. These sources can change day to day, week to week, and season to season. As a result, there is greater variation in sound levels over time in rural areas than in urban areas. This characteristic also affects how long one should collect data with sound level meters to capture a statistically
stable sample. In this study, we evaluate the stabilization of sound level metrics LAeq, LA10, LA50, LA90, and LZeq by 1/3 octave band over time for several rural sites. We present recommendations for monitoring times for each metric such that the variation in levels is relatively stable.
Comparison of Ensemble vs One-Third Octave Band Averaging of Field Collected Decays
Authors: Golden Matthew V.
Published: July 2024

There are two allowable methods to calculate the average decay rate in ASTM E2235 - 20, "Standard Test Method for Determination of Decay Rates for Use in Sound Insulation Test Methods". The first averages the data that is presented by the sound level meter for each measurement.
The second employs ensemble averaging to create one decay curve and then perform the decay rate calculation on that new curve. Historically, portable sound level meters exported a calculated reverberation time in each one-third octave band for each measurement due to lack of computing power.
With the rapid increase in portable computing power, portable sound level meters can now easily perform ensemble averaging. These two methods will be compared. It will be shown that ensemble averaging will produce reliable results with far fewer decays than arithmetic averaging.
Interpretation and use of coherence in multi-channel measurements
Authors: Dare Tyler , Collier Sean
Published: July 2024

The coherence function can be a powerful tool when analyzing data from multi-channel measurements. Often, coherence is used to describe the amount of incoherent noise in an output signal, though more generally the coherence between two signals is a representation of the linearity of
the relationship between the signals as a function of frequency. Such degradation in the coherence then can be understood to not only be caused by potential incoherent noise, but also by moving sensors or a changing acoustic environment. Aside from its use as a diagnostic tool, coherence can
also be used to condition measured data. For example, a sensor can be placed on a source of unwanted sound, and the portion of the desired signal coherent with the sensor's output (the "coherent output power") can be removed. In this paper, methods for coherent noise removal and
signal enhancement are presented in both the frequency and time domains. Example measurements are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the techniques for situations where separating noise sources is otherwise difficult.
Evaluation of steering wheel vibration in electric vehicles and application to Dynamic Motor Drive
Authors: Srinivasan Vijay , Rajput Vibhor Kumar
Published: July 2024

Eliminating steering wheel vibration is a key in refining vehicle Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH). The absence of masking engine noise and vibration makes this challenge harder in a pure electric vehicle. This paper provides three key insights with regards to the evaluation of
steering wheel vibration in EVs using on-road test data. First, we explore the effects of steering wheel grip variation in the measured accelerometer response. Second, we identify the limitations of evaluating powertrain induced vibration in a noisy environment and propose a post-processing
technique to reject irregular road-induced perturbations from the measured data. Third, we evaluate a tuned mass absorber as a localized mitigation tool for steering wheel vibration. Finally, we describe how the above techniques were brought together to deliver a refined NVH experience while
integrating Dynamic Motor Drive (DMD) technology as a software-only solution which has been shown to improve EV range by 0.4% on IPM and 3% on EESM based vehicles.
A case study of residential waste plumbing noise control
Authors: Fullerton Jeff
Published: July 2024

Home renovations occasionally include the optimization of the residential layout by changing the use of the original rooms to different uses. A recent residential renovation involved changing a top floor bedroom into a full bathroom to provide the homeowners with a toilet and shower
closer to the bedrooms on the upper floor of the residence. With this change, a new toilet on the upper floor was located over a portion of a kitchen ceiling on the lower floor below, raising the concern for fluid flow noise in the kitchen when the toilet was flushed. This paper will review
the laboratory testing of pipe noise, conditions associated with plumbing of this case study, the noise control approach that was implemented, and measurements of the mitigation at different times prior to the final result.
Clinical and Metabolic Characteristics of Children with Various Obesity Phenotypes
Authors: Skvortsova O.V. ,   Samara State Medical University, Migachyova N.B. , Mikhaylova E.G. ,   Samara Regional Children's Clinical Hospital named after N.N. Ivanova
Published: July 2024

The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of metabolic complications of obesity in children, as well as to evaluate their clinical and metabolic profile depending on the phenotype of the disease. Material and methods. A single-stage prospective controlled study was conducted with the participation of 188 obese children and 23 non-obese children (control group). Anamnesis collection, calculation of anthropometric indicators and examination were carried out in order to diagnose metabolic complications of obesity and determine its phenotype. Bioimpedance measurement was used as an additional diagnostic method. Results. 20.74% of children had metabolically healthy obesity, 79.96% had metabolically unhealthy obesity. In patients with complications of obesity, weight and height were higher than in children without complications of obesity and children of the control group. Among the complications of obesity, hyperuricemia (46.4%) and insulin resistance (38.9%) were more common. Arterial hypertension, impaired carbohydrate metabolism, dyslipidemia and metabolically associated fatty liver disease were detected somewhat less frequently. 44.1% of the surveyed had three or more complications of obesity. According to the assessment of body component composition, children with metabolically unhealthy obesity had higher visceral fat levels, basal metabolic rate and body fat percentage. Conclusion. The results of the study demonstrate high prevalence of obesity complications in childhood, especially with a metabolically unhealthy phenotype. Therefore, it is necessary to further study the clinical and metabolic profile of such patients and ways to correct it.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors in Achieving the Target Level of Glycated Hemoglobin: a Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Petunina N.A. ,   N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine of I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Elmurzayeva E.A. , Khachaturov M.V.
Published: July 2024

Aims – to compare the efficacy of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in achieving the target for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level in patients with type 2 diabetes by monotherapy or by combination with metformin. Material and methods. This is a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Studies on the effectiveness of DPP-4 inhibitors (gliptins) compared with placebo and the combination of DPP-4 inhibitors with metformin compared with metformin were included. The endpoint was the percentage of patients (%) who achieved target HbA1c level. The size effect was represented by the logarithmic scale of the odds ratio (OR). The gliptins were ranked based on the values of surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA). Results. The 38 RCTs of sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin, gozogliptin, evogliptin were analyzed. The results showed a statistically significant benefit of alogliptin in monotherapy (OR compared with placebo – 5.77), in combination with metformin, both in the general population (OR compared with metformin – 7.45), and in naive and non-naive patients (OR – 2.84 and 12.61 compared to metformin, respectively). According to the SUCRA, alogliptin had the highest rating among DPP-4 inhibitors for in all subgroups. Conclusion. Thus, the systematic review showed the superiority of alogliptin over other DPP-4 inhibitors in monotherapy, as well as in combination with metformin, both in the general population and in naive and previously treated subgroups of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Results of Clinical and Laboratory Testing of the Satellite® Online Glucose Meter in Children with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Dianov O.A. ,   Tver State Medical University, Pustovalova R.A. , Majorov R.V. , Kamesh V.S.
Published: July 2024

Self-control is one of the components of achieving the target values of glycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus. When conducting self-monitoring, the accuracy and reliability of blood glucose measurements are primarily important, especially in children. Aim – to evaluate the use of a medical device for in vitro diagnostics “Blood glucose monitoring system (hereinafter referred to as glucometer) Satellite® Online” for compliance with the requirements of GOST R ISO 15197-2015 for the quality and safety of glycemic control in children with diabetes mellitus. Material and methods. The accuracy of measurements of glycemia using the Satellite® Online glucose meter, as well as its functional characteristics, was evaluated in a group consisting of 120 children aged one month to 17 years inclusive, who suffered from type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results. Analysis of precision (repeatability) and intermediate measurement precision on the Satellite® Online glucometer showed a high degree of similarity of results. When comparing the results of 761 blood samples using a Consistent Error Grid for diabetes mellitus, it was found that all values were in zone A, that is, 100% clinically correct values were obtained. 99.6% of the Satellite® Online glucometer readings were within the permissible system error from the reference values, which corresponds to clinically correct and safe deviations (> 95%). The functional characteristics of the Satellite® Online glucose meter provided accurate measurements of glycemia by users. Conclusion. The use of the Satellite® Online glucometer allows high-quality and safe control of glycemia in children with diabetes mellitus aged 1 month to 17 years inclusive.
Phenotypic Variability of Schwachman-Diamond Syndrome: a Clinical Observation
Authors: Neyasova N.A. ,   A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Vinokurova L.V. , Dubtsova E.A. , Embutnieks Yu.V. , Savina I.V. , Lesko K.A. , Bordin D.S. ,   Russian University of Medicine, Moscow,   Tver State Medical University
Published: July 2024

Schwachman – Diamond syndrome is a rare genetic disease manifested mainly by extrinsic pancreatic insufficiency and neutropenia, as well as changes in the bone skeleton. The disease is characterized by phenotypic variability. The presented observations consider similar and different manifestations of the Schwachman – Diamond syndrome.
Structure of Cardiovascular Comorbidity in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Syrovenko M.I. ,   Omsk State Medical University, Livzan M.A. , Krolevets T.S. ,   Clinical Cardiological Dispensary, Omsk
Published: July 2024

Purpose of the study – to optimise patient management, to assess the pattern of cardiovascular comorbidity in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Material and methods. An open comparative study with the formation of a cohort of 126 patients with NAFLD with different stages of liver fibrosis was conducted. The sample was divided into two groups: group-1 included 97 patients with comorbid course of cardiovascular diseases and group-2 – 29 patients without it. Complaints, medical and life history, examination, general laboratory tests and hormonal status, liver elastometry to assess the severity of fibrosis were collected. Work with the study data and graphical analysis was carried out using Microsoft office 2019 software package statistical analysis using Statistica 12.0 (StatSoft Inc, USA). Results. In group-1, arterial hypertension was detected in 90 patients (92.78%), atrial fibrillation in 6 patients (6.19%), other rhythm disturbances (paroxysm, extrasystole in 27 patients (27.84%), postinfarction cardiosclerosis in 15 patients (15.46%), and stage I chronic heart failure in 14 patients (14.43%). FIB-4 fibrosis index (U = -2.62; p < 0.01), and FLI leptin/ObR (U = 3.77; p < 0.01) were statistically higher for patients with comorbid course of CHF. A positive correlation of moderate degree in trimethylamine-N-oxide and zonulin levels in faeces was recorded (rs = 0.37). In patients with comorbid course, the prevalence of steatosis (Z = -4.22, p < 0.01) and fibrosis (Z = -2.44, p < 0.01) stage was statistically significantly higher in patients with comorbid course than in patients without SWD according to the results of transient elastometry. Conclusions. The most common cardiovascular pathology in patients with NAFLD is arterial hypertension. Progressive stages of liver fibrosis in this group are associated with the phenomenon of leptin resistance. The syndrome of increased intestinal permeability is a possible mechanism influencing the formation of cardiovascular comorbidity.
Features of Patients with Fecal Blockage Management
Authors: Bordin D.S. ,   Russian University of Medicine, Moscow, Indeikina L.Kh. , Danilov M.A. ,   A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center,   Tver State Medical University,   Research Institute of Health Organization and Medical Management, Moscow
Published: July 2024

The term "fecal blockage" (FB) refers to the filling of an ampoule of the rectum and distal colon (less often proximal) with a large amount of dense feces, which is detected by rectal examination or using radiation examination methods. This condition occurs in patients with chronic constipation caused by a number of other causes. This pathology can be found in patients of different age groups, however, the frequency of short-term kidney disease increases with age and sharply worsens the quality of life of the elderly. The main risk factor for constipation is a decrease in the motility of the colon, often against the background of reduced physical activity, insufficient intake of dietary fiber and water, therefore, as a rule, this problem occurs in the elderly and people with limited mobility, as well as in patients with neuropsychiatric diseases. The clinical picture of FB is similar to that of intestinal obstruction with the following characteristic symptoms: abdominal pain, bloating, nausea and vomiting. At the same time, paradoxical diarrhea may occur due to obstruction of the intestinal lumen by feces, and incontinence of intestinal contents. The standard treatment of FB begins with conservative measures, with the ineffectiveness of which endoscopic or surgical techniques are used. As a conservative therapy, manual fragmentation with the removal of solid feces, rectal enemas with distal localization of short-circuit and oral administration of osmotic laxatives are used. Microclysm Microlax promotes the gentle evacuation of fecal matter from the rectosigmoid colon both in preparing the patient for research and in general for the regulation of stool in patients with an increased risk of developing CK. Indications for surgical treatment of FB are the ineffectiveness of conservative measures and life-threatening complications (intestinal perforation and intestinal obstruction). The effective prevention of FB is based on the complex use of oral and rectal laxatives.
Cushing’s Syndrome and Pregnancy
Authors: Khamnueva L.Yu. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education ‘Irkutsk State Medical University’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Andreeva L.S. , Gryaznova M.A. , Danilova Ye.A. , Buraeva S.B. , Sunchugasheva Ya.V. ,   State Budgetary Healthcare Institution ‘Irkutsk order ‘Badge of Honor’ Regional Clinical Hospital’
Published: July 2024

Diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome in pregnancy is difficult because of the physiologic hypercorticism that is characteristic of normal pregnancy, as well as significant limitations in hormone analysis and visualization techniques. At the same time, endogenous hypercorticism during pregnancy is associated with both increased risk for the fetus (prematurity, delayed intrauterine development, spontaneous abortions) and a high level of complications for the mother's organism, such as arterial hypertension, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, osteoporosis, psychiatric disorders, etc. The article considers a clinical case of Cushing's syndrome during pregnancy in a young woman. The course of the disease was accompanied by metabolic and hemodynamic disorders, which led to the development of severe preeclampsia in the third trimester and caused emergency delivery by cesarean section in the patient. Timely diagnosis of the disease was hindered by the condition of pregnancy, which limited the range of hormonal studies and visualization methods, as well as by the special anti-epidemic regime at the time in health care facilities due to a new coronavirus infection. Cases of Cushing's syndrome detection during pregnancy are rare. The article summarizes current recommendations for the diagnosis of endogenous hypercorticism during pregnancy, suggesting such tests as late-night salivary cortisol levels or midnight serum cortisol levels, as well as cortisol in daily urine (3-fold or higher than the upper limit of normal) as possible diagnostic tests. Late-night suppressive test with dexamethasone is not recommended during pregnancy.
The Place of Ibandronate in the Pharmacotherapy of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Authors: Skripnikova I.A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution ‘National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Published: July 2024

Bisphosphonates are considered first-line drugs and the gold standard of osteoporosis therapy. The focus of this article is ibandronic acid and its generic Rezoviva. The effectiveness in reducing the risk of fractures and the safety of various forms of ibandronic acid in basic clinical trials and the expediency of using reproduced drugs are discussed. A separate section of the article is devoted to adherence to treatment and its optimization when using various forms of drugs and therapeutic regimens. The use of high-quality generics increases adherence to treatment, allows you to expand the scope of preventive measures and, as a result, affect the frequency of osteoporotic fractures and mortality from them.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors: Therapeutic Options
Authors: Podachina S.V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education ‘Russian University of Medicine’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Soloviova I.V.
Published: July 2024

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors are a new innovative class of glucose-lowering drugs. The drugs belong to the group of incretin mimetics, prolonging the action of their own incretins. Since 2007, the list of proposed dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors has expanded significantly and significant experience in their use has accumulated. Despite the differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, all drugs in this group are characterized by a sufficient hypoglycemic effect, no effect on body weight, a low risk of developing hypoglycemic conditions, and good tolerability. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors are indicated for older patients.
The Undiscussable Importance of Glycemic Control in the Era of Organoprotective Hypoglycemic Therapy
Authors: Biryukova Ye.V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution ‘Russian University of Medicine’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation,   State Budgetary Healthcare Institution ‘A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinic Scientific Center’ Moscow Department of Health
Published: July 2024

The treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus is an important task of modern medicine due to the inexorable spread of the disease. The article discusses the possibilities of modern sugar-lowering pharmacotherapy. To increase its effectiveness, emphasized the need for prescribing drug combinations. Despite changes in modern algorithms, sulfonylurea derivatives remain one of the most frequently prescribed for type 2 diabetes. Representatives of this group differ significantly from each other in structure, duration of action and pharmacological properties, which determines their therapeutic effects. The original modified-release gliclazide (Diabeton MR®) has a number of advantages over other drugs from the group of sulfonylurea derivatives, including in terms of safety in various clinical situations. A combination of gliclazide MR and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors is considered a promising option.
Innovative Strategies in the Fight Against Metabolic Syndrome: an Integrated Approach to Successful Therapy
Authors: Oranskaya A.N. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution ‘Russian University of Medicine’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation,   Consultative and Diagnostic Department of GBUZ ‘City Clinical Hospital No. 52 of the Moscow City Health Department’
Published: July 2024

The multiplicity of clinical manifestations of metabolic syndrome and the incompletely studied pathogenesis require the search for optimal therapy for this condition. It is known that women and men with metabolic syndrome have a change in reproductive function, which worsens with age. Polycystic ovary syndrome often occurs in young obese patients. Is it possible to solve the issue of childbearing without the use of assisted reproductive technologies and are there any means to improve their result? What should specialists consider in the complex therapy of metabolic syndrome?
Diabetic Polyneuropathy: from Pathogenesis to Pathogenetic Therapy
Authors: Tanashyan M.M. ,   Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution ‘Research Center of Neurology’, Antonova K.V. , Spryshkov N.E. , Panina A.А. , Lagoda O.V. , Shchukina E.P. ,   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education ‘I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State,   Medical University’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Published: July 2024

The growing worldwide prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes mellitus (DM) has led to an increase in the incidence of related chronic complications, the most common of which is diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN). The development of DPN is caused by chronic hyperglycemia and potentially modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, including elevated triglyceride levels, body mass index, smoking and hypertension. Social determinants of health are also risk factors for DPN. The review presents data on the pathophysiology of DPN with consideration of the causes of the sequence of symptoms. Discussed the mechanisms and significance of mitochondrial damage, metabolic disorders and regulatory functions of Schwann cells, and issues of autophagy. Noted the role of factors such as hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and microvascular disorders, described the signaling pathways and epigenetic changes associated with DPN. Emphasized the role of lifestyle changes and behavioral interventions in the comprehensive management of patients with lesions of the peripheral nervous system in DM. Highlighted modern approaches to the treatment of diabetic neuropathy from the point of view of the mechanisms leading to its progression, as well as unresolved issues and prospects are outlined.
Morphological Changes in the Testicles of a Man Who Has Survived COVID-19
Authors: Beroeva M.R. ,   State Budgetary Healthcare Institution ‘Republican Multidisciplinary Medical Center’, South Ossetia, Mkrtumyan A.M. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education ‘Russian University of Medicine’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation,   State Budgetary Healthcare Institution ‘A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinic Scientific Center’ Moscow Department of Health
Published: July 2024

Many scientists state the steady deterioration of men's reproductive health as an important indicator of the demographic status of the country. Infertility among married couples in Russia has reached 20%. Male infertility accounts near 40%. According to statistics, in Russia the total fertility rate is at the level of 1.4. This is a low indicator for stabilization and population growth in the country. The birth of the second child in Russian families decreased from 50 to 30%. There is a decrease in the population by 1 million human per year. Over the past 10 years, researchers have noted a deterioration in the parameters of seminal fluid: the quantitative and qualitative indicators of ejaculate have halved, pathological forms of spermatozoa have increased, due to the growth of andrological diseases in men of reproductive age, including those against the background of viral infections. The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected the socio-economic situation in many countries of the world as well as in Russia. According to scientists, the indicator of ‘lost years of potential life’ decreased during the pandemic. Men have lost about 45% of their life years compared to women, which is associated with the greater vulnerability to COVID-19 infection. As a result, more men die at a younger age. It is known that viral infections increase oxidative stress and hyperproduction of cytokines in all tissues of the male reproductive system, leading to impaired permeability of cell membranes, damage to sperm DNA, impaired expression of androgen hormone receptors in testicles and destruction of the antioxidant defense mechanism, which further leads to male infertility.
The Evolving and Interactive Nature of Communication
Authors: Kefalaki Margarita , Diamantidaki Fotini
Published: July 2024

We are very glad to present you the first issue, fourth volume, June 2022 of the Journal of Education, Innovation and Communication (JEICOM).
Communicating Workplace Spirituality
Authors: Williams Elizabeth , Lyons Shelly
Published: July 2024

Workplace spirituality has been the focus of many studies, which underline its importance for organizations and employees. While most larger employers have embraced inclusion strategies that recognize and support neurodiversity, gender, race, ability, and other characteristics, spirituality appears to be excluded from the conversation, despite evidence of its benefits. This study explores the question, “how are large Canadian employers signalling a commitment to workplace spirituality to prospective employees?” Employing content analysis, the websites of 25 large Canadian organizations were examined to discover: (1) how they publicly communicate spirituality; (2) what can be inferred from this communication; and, (3) what first steps organizations can take to signal spirituality to prospective employees. The findings show few of these organizations publicly communicate spirituality, either explicitly or implicitly. We also examine the barriers and opportunities explicit declarations of spiritual support create in attracting and retaining talent.