bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postemergence Weed Control with Glyphosate Plus Flumioxazin Combinations
Authors: Wehtje Glenn , Gilliam Charles H. , Marble Stephen C.
Published: September 2010

Glyphosate plus flumioxazin tank mixtures have become popular in the nursery production and landscape maintenance industries in the southeastern United States. Research was conducted to compare the efficacy of such a mixture relative to the components applied alone. Glyphosate, flumioxazin, and glyphosate plus flumioxazin (2 : 1, w/w) were applied POST in container trials to four weed species at a series of rates that ranged from no effect to death. Regression analyses revealed that control data from all three treatment series could be described by the four-parameter, log-logistic model. With respect to glyphosate and flumioxazin applied alone, analysis revealed that across all four species, a lower rate of flumioxazin was required for 90% control than of glyphosate. The rate of the mixture required for 90% control was generally intermediate to the components applied alone and ranged from 0.36 kg ha−1for hairy bittercress to 1.52 kg ha−1for eclipta. Glyphosate alone was more cost effective than either flumioxazin alone or the mixture for the POST-applied control of all four species. The popularity of the tank mixture might be the result of flumioxazin-based PRE activity that was not measured in this study.
Critical Period of Interference between American Black Nightshade and Triploid Watermelon
Authors: Adkins Joshua I. , Stall William M. , Santos Bielinski M. , Olson Stephen M. , Ferrell Jason A.
Published: September 2010

Field trials were conducted in the spring of 2007 and 2008 to investigate the critical period of interference between American black nightshade and triploid watermelon. To determine the critical period, the maximum period of competition and minimum weed-free period were examined. American black nightshade (2 plants m−2) was established into watermelon plots at watermelon transplanting and removed at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wk after transplanting to determine the maximum period of competition. American black nightshade (2 plants m−2) was established into watermelon plots at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wk after transplanting and remained until watermelon harvest to determine the minimum weed-free period. To avoid yield loss from exceeding 10% of a crop grown weed-free, the maximum period of competition and minimum weed-free period were found to be 3.9 and 3.6 weeks after transplanting, respectively. Therefore, if American black nightshade is controlled at any time during the critical period of 3.6 to 3.9 wk after transplanting, yield loss should not exceed 10% of a crop grown weed-free.
Stages of Change and the Group Treatment of Batterers: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Alexander Pamela C. , Morris Eugene , Tracy Allison , Frye Alice
Published: September 2010

A stages-of-change motivational interviewing (SOCMI) treatment approach was compared with a standard cognitive behavioral therapy gender reeducation (CBTGR) approach in a sample of 528 English-speaking and Spanish-speaking male batterers who were randomly assigned to 49 26-week groups in either condition. Blind ratings of therapist adherence differentiated the two conditions. Language spoken neither predicted outcome nor interacted with treatment. The SOCMI curriculum led to significant reductions in female partners’ reports of physical aggression at follow-up, but not to changes in self-reported aggression. Men who were initially less ready to change benefited more from the SOCMI approach while men who were more ready to change benefited more from the CBTGR approach. Results suggest the importance of tailoring abuser intervention programs to individuals’ initial readiness to change.
Effects of Enamel Matrix Derivative on Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression and Microvessel Density in Gingival Tissues of Periodontal Pocket: A Comparative Study
Authors: Aspriello Simone Domenico , Zizzi Antonio , Spazzafumo Liana , Rubini Corrado , Lorenzi Teresa , Marzioni Daniela , Bullon Pedro , Piemontese Matteo
Published: September 2010

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulates proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, and correlates with inflammatory resolution and periodontal tissue healing. Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) seems to stimulate soft tissue healing. Our aim was to assess if topical EMD application in an instrumented periodontal pocket could affect angiogenesis at the gingival level.

Methods: A total of 56 periodontal sites in 28 patients were treated with a single session of comprehensive scaling and root planing under local anesthesia after recording the clinical attachment level (CAL). EMD gel in the test site or only the vehicle propylene glycol alginate in aqueous solution in the control site of the same mouth was applied onto the root surfaces and into the pocket and left in place for 3 minutes. After 48 hours, gingival biopsies were collected for histologic and immunohistochemical analysis for VEGF and CD34 (for microvessel density [MVD] count) antibodies. Statistical comparisons were performed by analysis of variance test.

Results: Endothelial VEGF expression and MVD were statistically different in the test site compared to the control site. VEGF expression and MVD of the control site were not correlated with CAL, whereas the test site showed high correlations among CAL and endothelial VEGF or MVD.

Conclusions: EMD induces proliferation and viability and angiogenesis of human microvascular cells. Recent clinical and histologic studies found EMD to be useful as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in single‐rooted teeth. Our findings may help to understand the mechanisms involved in soft tissue healing, through the ability of EMD to increase angiogenesis at periodontal pockets.
Fusobacterium nucleatum Binding to Complement Regulatory Protein CD46 Modulates the Expression and Secretion of Cytokines and Matrix Metalloproteinases by Oral Epithelial Cells
Authors: Mahtout Hayette , Chandad Fatiha , Rojo Jose M. , Grenier Daniel
Published: September 2010

Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that results in the destruction of the supporting tissues of the teeth. Gingival epithelial cells are an important mechanical barrier and participate in the host inflammatory response to periodontopathogens. The aim of the present study is to investigate the capacity of Fusobacterium nucleatum to bind to the complement regulatory protein CD46 expressed by oral epithelial cells and to determine the impact of the binding on the gene expression and protein secretion of interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9 by oral epithelial cells.

Methods: Binding of recombinant human CD46 to the surface of F. nucleatum was demonstrated by immunologic assays. After stimulation of oral epithelial cells with F. nucleatum, gene expression was determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis while protein secretion was monitored by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays.

Results: Heat and protease treatments of bacterial cells reduced CD46 binding. F. nucleatum–bound CD46 mediated the cleavage of C3b in the presence of factor I. Stimulating oral epithelial cells with F. nucleatum at a multiplicity of infection of 50 resulted in a significant upregulation of the gene expression and protein secretion of IL‐6, IL‐8, and MMP‐9 by oral epithelial cells. However, pretreating the epithelial cells with an anti‐CD46 polyclonal antibody attenuated the production of IL‐6, IL‐8, and MMP‐9 in response to F. nucleatum. Such an inhibitory effect was not observed with non‐specific antibodies.

Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that F. nucleatum can bind the complement regulatory protein CD46. The interaction of F. nucleatum with epithelial cell surface CD46 may contribute to increasing the levels of proinflammatory mediators and MMPs in periodontal sites and consequently modulate tissue destruction.
Latissimus Dorsi Tendon Transfer for Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: A Modified Technique to Improve Tendon Transfer Integrity
Authors: Tauber Mark , Moursy Mohamed , Forstner Rosemarie , Koller Heiko , Resch Herbert
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND:

Latissimus dorsi tendon transfer is a well-established method for the treatment of massive irreparable posterosuperior defects of the rotator cuff. Subsequent rupture of the transferred tendon may contribute to the rate of failure of the index procedure. We hypothesized that modification of our technique of tendon harvesting would lead to greater fixation stability and a reduced failure rate.

METHODS:

Forty-two patients (mean age, fifty-eight years) with a massive irreparable posterosuperior tear of the rotator cuff were managed with a latissimus dorsi tendon transfer. Sharp separation of the latissimus tendon from the humerus was performed in twenty-two patients (Group A), whereas the tendon harvest was carried out with a modified technique that involved removal of some bone along with the tendon at the humeral insertion in a subsequent group of twenty patients (Group B). The mean duration of follow-up was forty-seven months. Outcome measures included the Constant and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores and a patient subjective satisfaction scale. Standard radiographs were made to determine the stage of osteoarthritis and proximal migration of the humeral head, and magnetic resonance imaging was performed to assess the integrity of the transferred muscle.

RESULTS:

In Group A, the mean Constant score improved from 43.4 preoperatively to 64.8 points at the time of follow-up and the mean ASES score improved from 49.3 to 69.6 points (p < 0.05). In Group B, the mean Constant score increased from 40.2 to 74.2 points and the mean ASES score, from 47.2 to 77.1 points (p < 0.05). The Constant pain score improved from 5.6 to 11.9 points in Group A and from 5.2 to 13.8 points in Group B. The results in Group B were significantly superior to those in Group A (p < 0.05). Magnetic resonance imaging revealed complete rupture at the tendon insertion with tendon retraction in four patients in Group A and none in Group B. The final outcome was rated as poor in 27% of the patients in Group A and in 10% in Group B.

CONCLUSIONS:

Latissimus dorsi tendon transfer achieves satisfactory clinical results in most patients who have a massive irreparable posterosuperior tear of the rotator cuff. Harvesting the tendon along with a small piece of bone enables direct bone-to-bone transosseous fixation, resulting in better tendon integrity and clinical results.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

ORIGINAL ABSTRACT CITATION:

“Latissimus Dorsi Tendon Transfer for Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: A Modified Technique to Improve Tendon Transfer Integrity” (2009;91:1924-31).
Incidental gallbladder carcinoma in regional Clinical Centre
Authors: Mitrovic F. , Krdzalic G. , Musanovic N. , Osmic H.
Published: September 2010

Background and Objectives: The aim of the study is to assess the characteristics, TNM stage and survival rate of incidental gallbladder carcinoma in patients who underwent open cholecystectomy in regional clinical centre. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all consecutive cholecystectomies during four years period in surgery department and determined incidence, pathological stage and survival rate of incidental gallbladder cancer. Demographics data, surgical management, adjuvant therapy, death or last follow-up. We compared common characteristics and survival between pTis,1ab and pT2-3 groups of patients who underwent cholecytectomy alone. Results: Gallbladder carcinoma was diagnosed in 21 patients of 3007 cholecystectomies (0.69%). The most of patients had abdominal pain, cholelithiasis and fever. Postoperative pathology showed 20 adenocarcinomas and 1 squamous carcinoma. Seven cases were stage I, 7 stage II, 5 stage III. There was no patient in pT4 stage. The mean age was 60.6 ye-ars range (43-75). The 4 patients with pTis and 3 patients with pT1 had a 5-year survival rate of 100%. Patients with pT2-3 GBC had 5-year survival rate 8.34%. We noticed significant difference between those two cancer groups p<0.001. Conclusions: The incidence of incidental gallbladder cancer in this study was 0.69%. The pT-stage is very important factor in overall survival those patients. All cases of pT2-3 incidental GBC should be considered for extended radical resection after cholecystectomy alone.
The case of cavernous testicular hemangioma
Authors: Hadzi-Djokic J. , Pejcic T. , Acimovic M. , Andrejevic V. , Radosavljevic R.
Published: September 2010

Objective: To present the rare case of testicular hemangioma. Case report: A 45-year-old clerk presented with painless swelling in the left testicle, which he noticed one month ago. Inguinal orchidectomy on the left side was performed and pathological report proved cavernous hemangioma. Conclusion: Hemangioma of the testis is very rare clinical condition. Clinical appearance and diagnostic exams are usually not sufficient for the diagnosis. Sometimes, hyperechoic lesion with increased vascularity can be seen on Doppler ultrasonography.
Effect of nitrogen rate on grain yield of bread wheat genotypes
Authors: Gorjanovic Biljana , Zoric Miroslav , Kraljevic-Balalic Marija
Published: September 2010

The improvement in grain yield is the main objective of bread wheat breeding programs. Numerous studies indicate that nitrogen is the key factor of yield and quality in the wheat. The goal of this paper is to investigate variability of grain yield, of twelve bread wheat genotypes, on three nitrogen level. ANOVA showed that this trait was mostly under influence of the genotype (36, 3%), year ? genotype interaction (26, 3%), year of investigation (14, 1%), and in the smallest amount of the nitrogen rate (8, 8%). On all three nitrogen level, the highest grain yield was found in the variety Malyska. The lowest grain yield in control was found in the variety Nevesinjka, while in the N75 and N100 rates it was found in the variety Tamaro. The mean performance of individual cultivars, in nine environments (three years ? three nitrogen rates), was depicted using which-won-were view of SREG2 biplot. The nine environments fall into two sectors, which is an indication of a strong crossover GE interaction. Genotype Malyska was the winner (the highest yielding variety) in first sector containing seven environments, while genotypes Pertrana and Axis were the winners in second sector containing two environments.
Production characteristics of different malting barley genotypes in intensive nitrogen fertilization
Authors: Malesevic Miroslav , Glamoclija Djordje , Przulj Novo , Popovic Vera , Stankovic Sasa , Zivanovic Tomislav , Tapanarova Angelina
Published: September 2010

Two-year trials have been conducted in Technological Research Center in Zajecar. Research objects were six malting barley genotypes. The experimental crop was top dressed with the following amounts of nitrogen: 40, 60, 80 and 100 kg ha-1. The control variant was not top dressed. The obtained results showed that the genotypes reacted significantly to the increased amounts of nitrogen by changing their production characteristics and seed quality. In addition, the genotypes demonstrated certain varietal differences. A new genotype, Premijum, was highest yielding and it had the lowest total proteins in the grain. The genotype NS-525 had the highest 1000-grain weight (46.8 g). The effect of nitrogen on the studied characteristics depended on N quantity applied. Increasing amounts of nitrogen decrease positive effects on spike length, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight and yield. However, the protein content in grain kept increasing to the highest nitrogen dose, which lowered the quality of malting barley. The highest yield was obtained by applying 80 and 100 kg ha-1 of nitrogen, depending on the year of study.
Illness perception in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Mitkovic Marija , Ristic Lidija , Zikic Olivera , Milosevic Vuk , Grbesa Grozdanko
Published: September 2010

Introduction The aim of the study was to investigate illness perception in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to explore its relation to socio-demographic and illness/treatment-related characteristics. Material and methods 44 consecutive COPD patients answered the general questionnaire (which identified data on gender, age, education, economic status, employment, personal estimate of family relations quality) and IPQ-R (which evaluates the illness perception components). The data were statistically processed using T-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, one way anova, and correlation analysis. Results COPD patients perceived their illness predominantely negatively. The markers of negative illness perception were female gender, older age, medium economic status, being employed, and high number of hospital treatments. The self report of good family relations was associated with both positive (strong belief in personal control) and negative illness perception (belief in serious consequences). Believing that external causes were predominantly responsible for the illness onset was related to the positive illness representation and to a lower education level Conclusion Illness perception in COPD patients is negative and associated with certain socio-demographic and illness/treatment-related characteristics; this may have implications for detecting and modifying negative perception patterns in patients at risk.
Physical activity in prevention and reduction of cardiovascular risk
Authors: Petrovic-Oggiano Gordana , Damjanov Vlasta , Gurinovic Mirjana , Glibetic Marija
Published: September 2010

Introduction There is evidence that physical activity decreases the degree of atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries in persons who are physically active by modifying the chemistry and metabolism of lipoproteins. The effect of physical activity on the lipid status is achieved by affecting the enzymes of lipoprotein metabolism including the lipoprotein and liver lipase and transport protein of cholesterol esters. Epidemiological investigations on the effect of physical activity in prevention of cardiovascular diseases point to the fact that the persons who have a higher degree of cardio-respiratory endurance have a much lower mortality rate than those with a lower degree. The positive effect of physical activity on the cardiovascular system is reflected on the improved aerobic capacity, metabolic function, amplification of lipid profile, insulin sensitivity, immunological functions; it increases the perfusion of myocardium and the fibrinolytic activity, and reduces the adherence of thrombocytes due to increased synthesis of prostaglandin (PGI2), it also enhances the energy consumption, which is important in the maintenance of ideal bodyweight, prevention and treatment of obesity, and it has a positive effect on the control of stress. Conclusion With respect to the effects on the lipid status, aerobic physical exercises like running, swimming, cycling, with the intensity of training of a medium (65% VO2) load, have a positive effect on lipid status. The best form of physical activity is the one in which the endurance and power are increased.
Morphological characteristics of meningiomas
Authors: Grujicic Maja , Vuckovic Nada , Vulekovic Petar
Published: September 2010

Introduction Meningiomas are common intracranial neoplasms which originate from the soft meninges, precisely from meningeal arachnoidal cells. The aim of this investigation was to establish the age and sex distribution of the examinees, localization, frequency and histological types of meningiomas. Material and methods The investigation was carried out in the period from January 2001 to June 2006. It included 490 consecutive patients of both sexes with diagnosed intracranial tumors and undergoing surgical treatment at the Neurosurgery Clinic of the Clinical Center of Vojvodina. The surgery samples were analyzed in the Laboratory of the Institute of Pathology and Histology of the Clinical Center of Vojvodina. Out of 490 patients with diagnosed intracranial tumors, 137 (27.96%) were diagnosed to have meningiomas. Results Meningiomas were more frequent in females (63%) than in males (37%) and they were most common in the 50-59 year age group (37.2%). The most common localization of meningiomas was the frontal region (36.5%). Meningiomas were more common on the left side (44.5%). In regard to other histological types of intracranial tumors, meningiomas were more frequent in females (36.3%). The most common histological type of meningiomas was transitional meningiomas (59.1%). The commonest histological types of meningiomas were benign meningiomas (93.4%). Malignant histological types of meningiomas were more common in males (83.3%), whereas benign histological types were more common in females (64.1%). Conclusion A typical patient with meningiomas is a woman 50-59 years old. The tumor is located in the left frontal region. On histology it is benign, transitional type of meningiomas.
Esophageal foreign bodies: Retrospective study in 203 cases
Authors: Pudar Goran , Vlaski Ljiljana
Published: September 2010

Introduction A retrospective study of Rigid Esophagoscopy, with the suspect of foreign body, was performed in General Hospital Zrenjanin 'Djordje Joanovic', at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology during the period of 1988 - 2007. Results and discussion The result of 517 esophagoscopies performed in the above period was 203 (39.26%) foreign bodies, with the average of 7,8 annually per 100.000 inhabitants. The patients age ranged from 1 to 91 years, (X = 48.98). Considering the gender, there were 95 male patients (46,79%), and 108 female patients (53.21%). The highest number of foreign bodies was found in the patients from the age group 60-69, (43/22.15%). According to the structure type of foreign bodies the most frequent were bones of animal origin (86/42.36%), followed by meat bolus (67/33%), metal coins (23/11.33%), and bodies of vegetable origin (14/6.89%). Metal coins were most frequently found in the age group 1-9. In regard to the level at which a foreign body was found (described in 157 cases, (77.30%)), 94 (59.87%) were found at the pharyngoesophageal junction, 58 (36.94%) were found in middle constriction of oesophagus, and in the area of diaphragmatic constriction and cardia there were 5 (3.18%) cases. The efficiency of removing foreign bodies by rigid esophagoscopy in the above mentioned sample was 99.01% (201/203). In 2 cases (0.99%), due to the impaction of foreign body, the patients were referred to the higher referent tertiary unit institution. Conclusion Foreign bodies represent a constant casuistics in Zrenjanin Municipality, dominantly connected to work of an otorhinolaryngologist on duty. Rigid esophagoscopy is safe and efficient diagnostic and therapeutic method.
Successful treatment of laryngomalacia and bilateral vocal cord paralysis with continuous positive airway pressure
Authors: Sovtic Aleksandar , Minic Predrag , Vukcevic Miodrag , Rodic Milan
Published: September 2010

Introduction Laryngomalacia is the most frequent congenital anomaly of airways, and it may cause obstructive sleep apneas. The associated vocal cord paralysis may aggravate the symptoms of upper airway obstruction. Case report In a 14 month old boy severe laryngomalacia and bilateral vocal cord paralysis were diagnosed by flexible bronchoscopy. A sleep study showed a severe obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). The patient was ventilated at home via the face mask with non invasive mechanical ventilation (CPAP) for a year. The level of pressure had to be set at 7cm H2O to correct desaturation with an improvement in mean SpO2. On the follow up bronchoscopic examination laryngomalatia was improved, vocal cord paralysis persisted and sleep study revealed significant improvement. Discussion In the patient with severe laryngomalatia and bilateral vocal cord paralysis with OSA conservative treatment with CPAP was used instead of a surgical intervention. Non invasive ventilation was used every night, for at least 6 hours, without adverse events. Invasive measurement of transdiaphragmatic pressure is the best way of titrating of CPAP level. This case report suggests the efficacy of noninvasive titrating of CPAP level by the hemoglobin oxygen saturation trend measurement. Conclusion In case of severe laryngomalatia and associated vocal cord paralysis, followed by OSA non invasive ventilation by nasal CPAP represents an effective and safe alternative to surgery.
Relationships of Circulating Sex Hormone–Binding Globulin With Metabolic Traits in Humans
Authors: Peter Andreas , Kantartzis Konstantinos , Machann Jürgen , Schick Fritz , Staiger Harald , Machicao Fausto , Schleicher Erwin , Fritsche Andreas , Häring Hans-Ulrich , Stefan Norbert
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVE

Recent data suggested that sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) levels decrease when fat accumulates in the liver and that circulating SHBG may be causally involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in humans. In the present study, we investigated mechanisms by which high SHBG may prevent development to diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Before and during a 9-month lifestyle intervention, total body and visceral fat were precisely measured by magnetic resonance (MR) tomography and liver fat was measured by 1H-MR spectroscopy in 225 subjects. Insulin sensitivity was estimated from a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (ISOGTT) and measured by a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp (ISclamp, n = 172). Insulin secretion was measured during the OGTT and an ivGTT (n = 172).

RESULTS

SHBG levels correlated positively with insulin sensitivity (ISOGTT, P = 0.037; ISclamp, P = 0.057), independently of age, sex, and total body fat. In a multivariate model, these relationships were also significant after additional adjustment for levels of the adipokine adiponectin and the hepatokine fetuin-A (ISOGTT, P = 0.0096; ISclamp, P = 0.029). Adjustment of circulating SHBG for liver fat abolished the relationships of SHBG with insulin sensitivity. In contrast, circulating SHBG correlated negatively with fasting glycemia, before (r = −0.17, P = 0.009) and after (r = −0.14, P = 0.04) adjustment for liver fat. No correlation of circulating SHBG with adjusted insulin secretion was observed (OGTT, P = 0.16; ivGTT, P = 0.35). The SNP rs1799941 in SHBG was associated with circulating SHBG (P ≤ 0.025) but not with metabolic characteristics (all P > 0.18).

CONCLUSIONS

Possible mechanisms by which high circulating SHBG prevents the development of type 2 diabetes involve regulation of fasting glycemia but not alteration of insulin secretory function.
Intrinsic Depot-Specific Differences in the Secretome of Adipose Tissue, Preadipocytes, and Adipose Tissue–Derived Microvascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Hocking Samantha L. , Wu Lindsay E. , Guilhaus Michael , Chisholm Donald J. , James David E.
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVE

Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is more closely linked to insulin resistance than subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). We conducted a quantitative analysis of the secretomes of VAT and SAT to identify differences in adipokine secretion that account for the adverse metabolic consequences of VAT.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We used lectin affinity chromatography followed by comparison of isotope-labeled amino acid incorporation rates to quantitate relative differences in the secretomes of VAT and SAT explants. Because adipose tissue is composed of multiple cell types, which may contribute to depot-specific differences in secretion, we isolated preadipocytes and microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) and compared their secretomes to those from whole adipose tissue.

RESULTS

Although there were no discrete depot-specific differences in the secretomes from whole adipose tissue, preadipocytes, or MVECS, VAT exhibited an overall higher level of protein secretion than SAT. More proteins were secreted in twofold greater abundance from VAT explants compared with SAT explants (59% versus 21%), preadipocytes (68% versus 0%), and MVECs (62% versus 15%). The number of proteins in the whole adipose tissue secretome was greater than the sum of its cellular constituents. Finally, almost 50% of the adipose tissue secretome was composed of factors with a role in angiogenesis.

CONCLUSIONS

VAT has a higher secretory capacity than SAT, and this difference is an intrinsic feature of its cellular components. In view of the number of angiogenic factors in the adipose tissue secretome, we propose that VAT represents a more readily expandable tissue depot.
General Anesthesia for a Child With Landau-Kleffner Syndrome, a Case Report
Authors: Ghosh Biswajit , Carsten David
Published: September 2010

Landau-Kleffner syndrome is a rare, epileptiform disorder with a pathognomonic sudden aphasia, epilepsy, and electroencephalographic abnormalities. It was first described in 1957. No case reports are included in the anesthesia literature. This case report describes a 9-year-old male who was treated for dental caries while under intubated general anesthesia. The case was successful and uneventful, with multiple precautions taken to prevent seizures or other complications. The authors hope that this report will provoke communication and additional case reports.
Pain Management Part II: Pharmacologic Management of Chronic Orofacial Pain
Authors: Ganzberg Steven
Published: September 2010

The pharmacologic management of chronic orofacial pain involves the use of medications not used routinely in dental practice. Additionally, many drugs are used for long periods of time necessitating careful monitoring for adverse effects and potential drug interactions. This article will review commonly used medications for chronic orofacial pain and highlight important areas of concern.
Assessing the Need for Anesthesia and Sedation Services in Kuwaiti Dental Practice
Authors: Abdulwahab Mohammad , Al-Sayegh Fatima , Boynes Sean G. , Abdulwahab Hawra , Zovko Jayme , Close John
Published: September 2010

The objective of this study was to examine the public health relevance of the prevalence of dental fear in Kuwait and the resultant barrier that it creates regarding access to dental care. The study analysis demonstrated a high prevalence of dental fear and anxiety in the Kuwaiti population and a perceived need for anesthesia services by dental care providers. The telephone survey of the general population showed nearly 35% of respondents reported being somewhat nervous, very nervous, or terrified about going to the dentist. In addition, about 36% of the population postponed their dental treatment because of fear. Respondents showed a preference to receive sedation and anesthesia services as a means of anxiety relief, and they were willing to go to the dentist more often when such services were available. People with high fear and anxiety preferred to receive some type of medication to relieve their anxiety. In conclusion, the significance and importance of the need for anesthesia services to enhance the public health of dental patients in Kuwait has been demonstrated, and improvements are needed in anesthesia and sedation training of Kuwaiti dental care providers.
A Comparison of Intravenous Sedation With Two Doses of Dexmedetomidine: 0.2 µg/kg/hr Versus 0.4 µg/kg/hr
Authors: Kawaai Hiroyoshi , Satoh Jun , Watanabe Masahiro , Kan Keiichi , Ganzberg Steven , Yamazaki Shinya
Published: September 2010

The present study investigated the physiologic and sedative effects between two different continuous infusion doses of dexmedetomidine (DEX). Thirteen subjects were separately sedated with DEX at a continuous infusion dose of 0.2 µg/kg/hr for 25 minutes after a loading dose of 6 µg/kg/hr for 5 minutes (0.2 group) and a continuous infusion dose of 0.4 µg/kg/hr for 25 minutes after a loading dose of 6 µg/kg/hr for 5 minutes (0.4 group). The recovery process was then observed for 60 minutes post infusion. The tidal volume, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate in both groups decreased significantly during infusion, but they were within a clinically acceptable level. A Trieger dot test plot error ratio in the 0.4 group was significantly higher than that in the 0.2 group until 15 minutes post infusion. Sedation appears to be safe at the infusion doses of DEX studied. However, increasing maintenance infusion doses of DEX from 0.2 µg/kg/hr to 0.4 µg/kg/hr delays some recovery parameters.
Immune-mediated pure red cell aplasia in a domestic ferret
Authors: Malka Shachar , Hawkins Michelle G. , Zabolotzky Shanon M. , Mitchell Elizabeth B. , Owens Sean D.
Published: September 2010

Case Description—An 8-month-old spayed female domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) was referred for examination to determine the cause of lethargy and severe anemia.

Clinical Findings—Initial examination revealed that the ferret was lethargic but with appropriate mentation. The only other abnormal findings were severe pallor of the mucous membranes, nasal planum, and skin and a PCV of 8%. Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) was diagnosed on the basis of cytologic evaluation of a bone marrow biopsy specimen.

Treatment and Outcome—Medical treatment included blood transfusions, IM administration of iron dextran, oral administration of antimicrobials and gastrointestinal tract protectants, and SC administration of erythropoietin. Once PRCA was diagnosed, the ferret was orally administered prednisone, cyclosporine, and azathioprine. Nine months after onset of treatment, the PRCA was in remission and the ferret was doing well. Immunosuppressive treatment was discontinued at 14 months after onset of treatment, and 36 months after initial examination, the ferret appeared to be healthy.

Clinical Relevance—It is important that PRCA be considered as a differential diagnosis for a ferret with severe anemia. Prolonged immunosuppressive treatment was successful in the ferret described here. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2010;237:695-700)
The Hamiltonian formulation of general relativity: myths and reality
Authors: Kiriushcheva Natalia , Kuzmin Sergei
Published: September 2010

A conventional wisdom often perpetuated in the literature states that: (i) a 3 + 1 decomposition of spacetime into space and time is synonymous with the canonical treatment and this decomposition is essential for any Hamiltonian formulation of General Relativity (GR); (ii) the canonical treatment unavoidably breaks the symmetry between space and time in GR and the resulting algebra of constraints is not the algebra of four-dimensional diffeomorphism; (iii) according to some authors this algebra allows one to derive only spatial diffeomorphism or, according to others, a specific field-dependent and non-covariant four-dimensional diffeomorphism; (iv) the analyses of Dirac [21] and of ADM [22] of the canonical structure of GR are equivalent. We provide some general reasons why these statements should be questioned. Points (i–iii) have been shown to be incorrect in [45] and now we thoroughly re-examine all steps of the Dirac Hamiltonian formulation of GR. By direct calculation we show that Dirac’s references to space-like surfaces are inessential and that such surfaces do not enter his calculations. In addition, we show that his assumption g
0k
= 0, used to simplify his calculation of different contributions to the secondary constraints, is unwarranted; yet, remarkably his total Hamiltonian is equivalent to the one computed without the assumption g
0k
= 0. The secondary constraints resulting from the conservation of the primary constraints of Dirac are in fact different from the original constraints that Dirac called secondary (also known as the “Hamiltonian” and “diffeomorphism” constraints). The Dirac constraints are instead particular combinations of the constraints which follow directly from the primary constraints. Taking this difference into account we found, using two standard methods, that the generator of the gauge transformation gives diffeomorphism invariance in four-dimensional space-time; and this shows that points (i–iii) above cannot be attributed to the Dirac Hamiltonian formulation of GR. We also demonstrate that ADM and Dirac formulations are related by a transformation of phase-space variables from the metric g
μν to lapse and shift functions and the three-metric g
km, which is not canonical. This proves that point (iv) is incorrect. Points (i–iii) are mere consequences of using a non-canonical change of variables and are not an intrinsic property of either the Hamilton-Dirac approach to constrained systems or Einstein’s theory itself.
Modification of the Equation for Description of Wöhler's Curves
Authors: Kłysz Sylwester , Lisiecki Janusz , Bąkowski Tomasz
Published: September 2010

Modification of the Equation for Description of Wöhler's Curves

The paper presents the way to modify the equation σ = f(2Nf) in order to improve the fit of experimental results from High Cycle Fatigue tests. In particular, the study deals with introduction of the 5-parameter exponential equation that enables better fit of the full Wöhler's curve to experimental data within the range of stress at the level of fatigue threshold as well as approximation to the quasi-static range and Low Cycle Fatigue tests for the highest stress values. It is illustrated how individual parameters affect the procedure and possibility to match the aforementioned equation to experimental data.
A Pilot Study of the Effects of High-Intensity Aerobic Exercise Versus Passive Interventions on Pain, Disability, Psychological Strain, and Serum Cortisol Concentrations in People With Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Chatzitheodorou Dimitris , Kabitsis Chris , Malliou Paraskevi , Mougios Vassilis
Published: September 2010

Background and Purpose

Given the complex nature of chronic pain, the effects of high-intensity aerobic exercise on pain, disability, psychological strain, and serum cortisol concentrations in people with chronic low back pain were investigated.

Subjects

Twenty subjects receiving primary health care were randomly allocated into exercise and control groups.

Methods

Subjects in the exercise group received a 12-week, high-intensity aerobic exercise program. Subjects in the control group received 12 weeks of passive modalities without any form of physical activity.

Results

Data analysis identified reductions in pain (41%, t10=8.51, P<.001), disability (31%, t10=7.32, P<.001), and psychological strain (35%, t10=7.09, P<.001) in subjects in the exercise group and no changes in subjects in the control group. High-intensity exercise failed to influence serum cortisol concentrations.

Discussion and Conclusion

Regular high-intensity aerobic exercise alleviated pain, disability, and psychological strain in subjects with chronic low back pain but did not improve serum cortisol concentrations.
What's in Team Rehabilitation Care After Arthroplasty for Osteoarthritis? Results From a Multicenter, Longitudinal Study Assessing Structure, Process, and Outcome
Authors: Grotle Margreth , Garratt Andrew M. , Klokkerud Mari , Løchting Ida , Uhlig Till , Hagen Kåre B.
Published: September 2010

Background

Clinical course and outcome connected to rehabilitation after hip or knee arthroplasty have been studied extensively, but few studies have assessed the content of team rehabilitation care for these patients.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to provide a thorough description of the structure, process, and outcome of team rehabilitation care for patients with hip or knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis.

Design

This was a multicenter, longitudinal observational study.

Methods

Patients (N=183) from 6 rehabilitation centers in Norway who were undergoing inpatient rehabilitation following hip or knee arthroplasty were included in the study. Structure and process components were recorded by participants and health care professionals in a patient diary. Participants also completed questionnaires regarding their experiences during their rehabilitation stay and recorded data for outcome measures at admission, at discharge, and 6 months after discharge. The main outcome measures were pain intensity and physical function, as assessed with the physical function scale of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36).

Results

Data were complete for 172 participants (94%) at discharge and for 148 patients (81%) at the 6-month follow-up. Health care professionals, physical therapists, nurses, and physicians were most often involved in team care. Occupational therapists, social workers, and psychologists were seldom part of the rehabilitation team. Exercises provided by physical therapists were the most common treatment modality. Patient education, massage, and manual therapy also frequently were provided. The participants were very satisfied with their care and its organization, information, and communication and with the availability of health care professionals. They were moderately satisfied with the social environment of the rehabilitation setting. The participants had large improvements in the outcome measures during the rehabilitation stay and at the 6-month follow-up.

Limitations

For typical physical therapy modalities such as exercises, electrotherapy, and acupuncture, there are limited descriptions and assessments of treatment doses.

Conclusions

Current team rehabilitation care involves a traditional team with physical therapists, nurses, and physicians. Several types of treatment modalities are used, with greatest emphasis on physical training. This detailed description of current team rehabilitation practice might help clinicians and researchers in planning clinical trials within a rehabilitation setting, as well as in improving rehabilitation practice.
A Finite Presentation of Universal Coverings of Lie Tori
Authors: Azam Saeid , Yamane Hiroyuki , Yousofzadeh Malihe
Published: September 2010

Using the well-known recognition and structural theorem(s) for root-graded Lie algebras and their universal coverings, we give a finite presentation for the universal covering algebra of a centerless Lie torus of type

X ≠ A, C, BC

. We follow a unified approach for the types under consideration.
Extending Polynomials in Maximal and Minimal Ideals
Authors: Carando Daniel , Galicer Daniel
Published: September 2010

Given a homogeneous polynomial on a Banach space
E
belonging to some maximal or minimal polynomial ideal, we consider its iterated extension to an ultrapower of
E
and prove that this extension remains in the ideal and has the same ideal norm. As a consequence, we show that the Aron–Berner extension is a well defined isometry for any maximal or minimal ideal of homogeneous polynomials. This allows us to obtain symmetric versions of some basic results of the metric theory of tensor products.
The Influence of School Administrators on Teacher Retention Decisions
Authors: Boyd Donald , Grossman Pam , Ing Marsha , Lankford Hamilton , Loeb Susanna , Wyckoff James
Published: September 2010

This article explores the relationship between school contextual factors and teacher retention decisions in New York City. The methodological approach separates the effects of teacher characteristics from school characteristics by modeling the relationship between the assessments of school contextual factors by one set of teachers and the turnover decisions by other teachers in the same school. We find that teachers’ perceptions of the school administration has by far the greatest influence on teacher retention decisions. This effect of administration is consistent for first-year teachers and the full sample of teachers and is confirmed by a survey of teachers who have recently left teaching.
Multilevel Growth Mixture Models for Classifying Groups
Authors: Palardy Gregory J. , Vermunt Jeroen K.
Published: September 2010

This article introduces a multilevel growth mixture model (MGMM) for classifying both the individuals and the groups they are nested in. Nine variations of the general model are described that differ in terms of categorical and continuous latent variable specification within and between groups. An application in the context of school effectiveness research is presented. Schools are classified into three Type B effectiveness categories based on their mean student mathematics achievement growth trajectories, controlling for differences in students' backgrounds across schools. The classification outcome is regressed on a set of school practice variables to investigate the association between practices and cognitive development. Various issues related to model specification are discussed, including the use of covariates to identify substantively meaningful classes.
The Immigrant Wage Gap in Canada: Quebec and the Rest of Canada
Authors: Nadeau Serge , Seckin Aylin
Published: September 2010

This paper examines the nature of the differences in the wage gap between Canadian born males and immigrant males in Quebec and in the rest of Canada (ROC) over the period 1980–2000. Relative to Canadian born individuals, immigrants in the ROC have been consistently, and increasingly, faring better in terms of wages than immigrants in Quebec. We cannot conclude that this is a consequence of Quebec having different immigration policies than the ROC, as the wage gap would be even larger if Quebec attracted the same immigrants as the ROC, nor can we conclude that immigrants are more discriminated against in Quebec. We find that the increased differential in the Quebec-ROC immigrant wage gap mostly reflects changes in the premium earned by immigrants who become citizens over those who remain landed immigrants; this premium virtually disappeared in Quebec while remaining stable in the ROC over the period.
Use of Methotrexate in the Treatment of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Talukder Manik Kumar , Rahman Shahana A
Published: September 2010

DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v31i1.6070 Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2007; Vol.31(1-3): 22-25
Assessment of Perinatal Mortality in a Tertiary Care Hospital by Using Wigglesworth Classification
Authors: Begum Lutfun Nahar , Azad Kishwar , Akhter Shahida , Nahar Nazmun , Abdullah Abu Hasan Md
Published: September 2010

Objective: To determine the causes of perinatal death using Wigglesworth classification and to assess the feasibility of using Wigglesworth classification in a tertiary care hospital setting. Methods: All live and stillborn babies delivered at BIRDEM over a 5 yr period(from January 2000 to December 2004) were recorded. Perinatal deaths of that period were analysed according to Wigglesworth classification Results: According to Wigglesworth classification, majority of deaths were in the group "macerated stillbirths" (63.5%). Perinatal asphyxia was responsible for 13.6% of deaths, lethal congenital malformation was found in 11.2% and immaturity and "others" each accounted for 6.1%. Conclusion: Macerated stillbirth and asphyxia were the two leading causes of death at BIRDEM and Wigglesworth classification has been found to be feasible in BIRDEM for categorising perinatal deaths retrospectively. Key words: Perinatal death; Wigglesworth classification DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v31i1.6072 Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2007; Vol.31(1-3): 32-39
Newborn Baby Having Birth Weight of 6 Kg. Is It Heaviest Birth Weight Ever Recorded in Bangladesh?
Authors: Sultana Sabina , Ferdous Sarwar , Hossain Nurul , Basak Biplob Kumer
Published: September 2010

DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v31i1.6074 Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2007; Vol.31(1-3): 43-45