bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social feedback biases emerge during recall but not prediction and shift across the development of social anxiety
Authors: Johnston Camille R. , Quarmley Megan , Nelson Brady D. , Helion Chelsea , Murty Vishnu P. , Jarcho Johanna M.
Published: December 2023

Memory is a reconstructive process that can result in events being recalled as more positive or negative than they actually were. While positive recall biases may contribute to well-being, negative recall biases may promote internalizing symptoms, such as social anxiety. Adolescence is characterized by increased salience of peers and peak incidence of social anxiety. Symptoms often wax and wane before becoming more intractable during adulthood. Open questions remain regarding how and when biases for social feedback are expressed and how individual differences in biases may contribute to social anxiety across development. Two studies used a social feedback and cued response task to assess biases about being liked or disliked when retrieving memories vs. making predictions. Findings revealed a robust positivity bias about memories for social feedback, regardless of whether memories were true or false. Moreover, memory bias was associated with social anxiety in a developmentally sensitive way. Among adults (study 1), more severe symptoms of social anxiety were associated with a negativity bias. During the transition from adolescence to adulthood (study 2), age strengthened the positivity bias in those with less severe symptoms and strengthened the negativity bias in those with more severe symptoms. These patterns of bias were isolated to perceived memory retrieval and did not generalize to predictions about social feedback. These results provide initial support for a model by which schemas may infiltrate perceptions of memory for past, but not predictions of future, social events, shaping susceptibility for social anxiety, particularly during the transition into adulthood.
High-density ear-EEG for understanding ear-centered EEG
Authors: Meiser Arnd , Lena Knoll Anna , Bleichner Martin G
Published: December 2023

Background. Mobile ear-EEG provides the opportunity to record EEG unobtrusively in everyday life. However, in real-life, the EEG data quickly becomes difficult to interpret, as the neural signal is contaminated by other, non-neural signal contributions. Due to the small number of electrodes in ear-EEG devices, the interpretation of the EEG becomes even more difficult. For meaningful and reliable ear-EEG, it is crucial that the brain signals we wish to record in real life are well-understood and that we make optimal use of the available electrodes. Their placement should be guided by prior knowledge about the characteristics of the signal of interest. Objective. We want to understand the signal we record with ear-EEG and make recommendations on how to optimally place a limited number of electrodes. Approach. We built a high-density ear-EEG with 31 channels spaced densely around one ear. We used it to record four auditory event-related potentials (ERPs): the mismatch negativity, the P300, the N100 and the N400. With this data, we gain an understanding of how different stages of auditory processing are reflected in ear-EEG. We investigate the electrode configurations that carry the most information and use a mass univariate ERP analysis to identify the optimal channel configuration. We additionally use a multivariate approach to investigate the added value of multi-channel recordings. Main results. We find significant condition differences for all ERPs. The different ERPs vary considerably in their spatial extent and different electrode positions are necessary to optimally capture each component. In the multivariate analysis, we find that the investigation of the ERPs benefits strongly from multi-channel ear-EEG. Significance. Our work emphasizes the importance of a strong theoretical and practical background when building and using ear-EEG. We provide recommendations on finding the optimal electrode positions. These results will guide future research employing ear-EEG in real-life scenarios.
The combined research of ultra-high vacuum CF flange joints' sealing parameters considering plastic properties of materials
Authors: Davtyan A. , Isunts H. , Vardanyan A. , Azizov A. , Avagyan V.
Published: December 2023

Computer simulation and experimental research of the
tightening processes of ultrahigh vacuum CF flange joints have been
carried out. Finite element analyses were carried out considering
the plastic properties of materials. The analysis variable
parameters are flanges' knife edge angle between the shelves
(Wheeler's and CERN's models), tip rounding radiuses, and gasket
material state (annealed and hard). Curves of changes in the stress
and strain intensities of the edge nodes of the flanges' knife edge
were obtained. Essential sealing parameters of the ultrahigh vacuum
system were also studied, such as the height of the knife edge, the
length of the knife-edge trace on the gasket (in the radial
direction), and the gap between two flanges. The mentioned sealing
parameters' measurements were carried out by the combined
method. The latter is a parameters' measurement of both computer
simulation and experimental samples and a comparison of the obtained
results. It should be noted that the sealing parameters were studied
for several tightening cycles of the flanges to research their
changes in case of multiple uses. The vital value of this research
is obtained empirical functions for calculating the height of the
flanges' knife edge based on the tightening cycles.
Development of a real-time tritium-in-water monitor
Authors: Azevedo C.D.R. , Baeza A. , Chauveau E. , Corbacho J.A. , Díaz J. , Domange J. , Marquet C. , Martínez-Roig M. , Piquemal F. , Prado D. , Veloso J.F.C.A. , Yahlali N.
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we report the development and performance of
a detector module envisaging a tritium-in-water real-time activity
monitor. The monitor is based on modular detection units whose
number can be chosen according to the required sensitivity. The full
system is being designed to achieve a Minimum Detectable
Activity (MDA) of 100 Bq/L of tritium-in-water activity
which is the limit established by the E.U. Council Directive
2013/51/Euratom for water intended for human consumption. The same
system can be used as a real-time pre-alert system for nuclear power
plant regarding tritium-in water environmental surveillance. The
first detector module was characterized, commissioned and installed
immediately after the discharge channel of the Arrocampo dam
(Almaraz nuclear power plant, Spain) on the Tagus river. Due to the
high sensitivity of the single detection modules, the system
requires radioactive background mitigation techniques through the
use of active and passive shielding. We have extrapolated a
MDA of 3.6 kBq/L for a single module being this value
limited by the cosmic background. The obtained value for a single
module is already compatible with a real-time environmental
surveillance and pre-alert system. Further optimization of the
single-module sensitivity will imply the reduction of the number of
modules and the cost of the detector system.
On the possibility of the 2022-like spatio-temporally compounding event across the Yangtze River Valley
Authors: Liao Zhen , An Ning , Chen Yang , Zhai Panmao
Published: December 2023

During July–September 2022, heatwaves, droughts, forest fires and floods hit the Yangtze River Valley successively, constituting a spatio-temporally compounding event. Understanding its risks matters to disaster preparedness. Through searching for event analogues in single-model initial-condition large-ensemble climate simulations, we report that the 2022 unprecedentedly widespread and intense hot drought might have occurred as early as in the 1970s, and would become increasingly possible and spatially extensive with warming. This tendency is also supported by the conventional multi-model (CMIP6) projection, especially evident in larger ensembles. Lower reaches of the valley and parts of Southwest China have greater chances of repeated exposure to the 2022-like heat—drought—fire—flood quadruple compound events. In the presence of favorable internal variability in line with future warming, it is plausible to see more than half of the valley at simultaneous risk of the 2022-like quadruple compound event. Our possibility projection highlights the urgency of accelerating the existing univariate extremes—oriented adaptation measures to better address emerging threats from unfamiliar compound hazards.
Feeding Preference of Lace Bug Stephanitis pyri (F) on Apple Tree
Authors: Altae M M A , Al-Dahwi S S J
Published: December 2023

The results showed that the Sharabi cultivar was the most favored of the tested cultivars for infection with the reticulated bug, followed by the Al-Kagdi cultivar, and the least was the Israeli Cultivar, as the average number of adults during its peak in July was 4.46, 1.6, 4.03 insect/leaf for the Sharabi, Israeli and Al-Kagdi cultivars, respectively. While the other stages peaked in the month of August, as the average of number of nymphs reached 8.43, 3.43, and 7.76 insects/leaf for the three cultivars, respectively. As for the insect’s preference for the three plant level and four tree geographical directions, it was noted that the lower level is preferred by the insect, as the average number of infected leaves at the lower level was 5.67, 6.50, 11.83 leaf / tree. Followed by the middle level of 3.92, 5.25, 10.17 adult / leaf and the upper level of 0.00, 0.08, 0.42 adult / leaf for the months of May, June and July, respectively. The results also showed that there were differences in the insect’s preference for one of the four geographical directions, as it recorded a clear preference and significant difference for the eastern and southern directions compared with the northern and western directions. The average number of infected leaves during the month of May was 0.33, 6.00, 6.33, 0.11 leaves, and in June 0.56, 7.44, 7.22, 0.56 leaves, and in July 1.11, 13.00, 13.67, 2.11 leaves for the north, south, east and west directions, respectively.
Methods of Inducing Systemic Resistance in plants by Using Abiotic Agents to Control Powdery Mildew Pathogens
Authors: Hatem M W , Ali H A
Published: December 2023

Due to the importance of powdery mildew disease in the conditions of protected agriculture in abiotic factors in controlling powdery mildew diseases can be considered a safe alternative to fungicides. particular and exposed in general, this article aimed to study the possibility of stimulating plant resistance against powdery mildew disease by using abiotic stimuli and to investigate its preventive and curative effectiveness in controlling the disease in order to reduce the problems of using chemical pesticides and their negative effects on the environment.
Genetic Diversity of Botrytis Cinerea Which Caused Gray Mold Disease in Strawberry and Some Other Vegetable Plants
Authors: Ahmed Y M , Abed J M
Published: December 2023

The study aimed to isolate and identification the fungus Botrytis cinerea that caused gray mold disease, depending on its morphological and molecular characterizations. The results of isolation on PDA showed that 75 pure isolates were obtained from The pathogenic fungus B. cinerea is distributed as follows: Strawberry (45) isolates, eggplant (11) isolates, squash (3) isolates, cucumber (3) isolates, pepper (9) isolates, and tomato (4) isolates. DNA was extracted from 17 isolates of pathogenic fungus B. cinerea, the results of electrophoresis on 2% agarose gel, which included 17 isolates distributed in crops (strawberry 11 isolates, eggplant 4 isolates, squash and tomato one isolate each) was detected at 550 base pair(bp) of all the isolates using ITS1 and ITS4 primers. The results of detection and investigation of genetic variation of pathogenic Fungi isolates were clarified by determining the degree of kinship and drawing a phylogenetic tree An evolutionary and relationship tree was drawn using Snap Gene Viewer, When performing Allayment analysis of the isolates, the results showed that the isolates bearing the symbols (S3,S2,S1) isolated from strawberry fruits were identical to the SMGM003 strain registered in South Korea with a percentage of 100%, and isolates (S6,S5,S4) isolated from strawberry fruits are identical to the strain WMG recorded in South Korea, and isolates (S10,S9,S8) isolated from strawberry fruits are identical to the strain CIM13704 registered in China, and isolates (S11) isolated from strawberry fruits.
Management of the Yellow Corn Stem Borer, Sesamia cretica Led. Using Some Pesticides and Their Alternatives and Their Effect on Production Constituents of Yellow Corn Crop Zea mays in Kirkuk Governorate
Authors: Al Bayati K A H , Mohammed Z M , Taha A A , Hassan H H , Ahmed H A , Ali A H
Published: December 2023

Our study, the spring cultivar of the yellow corn crop was adopted in the experimental land, the aim of which was to know the best materials used in managing the corn stalk borer insect. Environmentally friendly materials were used (ash - remnants of burnt materials, in addition to table salt). In addition to our use of effective and approved pesticides in the control of stem borer in a field experiment to see the effect of the materials used on insect infestation rates It also had an effect on the killing rate of corn stalk borer larvae achieved by spraying with the experimental materials, in addition to its effect on the height of infected plants compared to the control treatmen Field surveys were conducted to find out the extent of infection with this insect in the center of Kirkuk Governorate. The experiment was repeated for the fall season 2022, with field surveys conducted for the purpose of confirming the economic importance of the insect.t. The results indicated the spread of the corn stalk borer insect in all corn-growing areas, for which tables were prepared regarding the infection rate. In the autumn season 2021 in Kirkuk Governorate. The results indicated that there was a clear effect of the materials used in the treatments, with a relative superiority of the ash and table salt treatments over the pesticide treatments (Diazinon 10% granular and Aktara EC 25).
Studying the Effect of Using Super Protein as a Food Substitute on Honey Bee Colony Activity
Authors: Al-Maini A H M , Nawar M H
Published: December 2023

The research was conducted in a private apiary in Al-Buaitha region - Baghdad governorate to evaluate the effect of adding super protein to the diet of honey bee colonies, and to note its effect on the colonies’ activity, growth, development, productivity and some characteristics of the honey produced. It is clear from the results that the best acceptance rates were achieved by the super protein treatment, and according to the results of the statistical analysis, it was significantly superior to all other treatments in terms of measuring the honey area 2.631 cm2, the brood area 1.622 cm2, and the pollen area 0.378 cm2 It was also noted that there was a positive effect in terms of honey area, where the treated cults produced more honey than the comparison treatment, with an average of (2.631 cm, 1.997 cm), respectively. The results showed that feeding with super protein encouraged the worker honey bees to raise more brood and thus increase the area of the brood, as it outperformed the comparison treatment with an average of (1.622 cm2 1.024 cm2), respectively.
First molecular record of Thielaviopsis punctulata, the causative agent of black scorch blight disease on date palms in Iraq
Authors: Hantoosh M NK , Hussein H Z
Published: December 2023

A laboratory study was conducted on samples of palm trees collected from Diyala Governorate, Iraq. The results of isolation and diagnosis of the samples that showed symptoms of black blight infection indicated that the fungus that causes the disease is Thielaviopsis punctulata. This is the first record of T. punctulata as a causative agent of black blight in Iraq. Moreover, the results of the microscopic examination showed that the fungus forms endoconidia from Phialidic conidiophores, and also produces aleoroconidia, thickened-walled chlamydial spores. In addition, the results of testing the pathogenic ability of the isolates on date palm seedlings showed that all the isolates of the pathogenic fungus showed the ability to cause the disease, but with different percentages compared to the percentage of the disease, where it was 0 in the comparison treatment that was free of pathogenic fungus, and isolate GP2 excelled, as it gave an infection severity of 100%, followed by the two isolates GP0 and GP1, which gave an infection severity of 93.33 and 80%, respectively.
Response of Growth, Yield and Quality of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) to Kinetin Foliar Spraying
Authors: Abood N M , Ajaj H A , Hasan A I , Noaman A H , Hasan M H
Published: December 2023

Field experiments were carried out during the spring and autumn seasons of 2019 in the research station of the College of Agriculture - University of Anbar in the Al-Hamidiyah region - Al-Ramadi district - Al-Anbar Governorate, to study the response of growth, yield and grain quality of sorghum (Inkath cv.) to spraying with kinetin at different growth stages. The experiments were conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) according to split plots arrangement at three replications, the main plots included foliar spraying of four concentrations of kinetin (0, 15, 30 and 45 mg L−1), while the sub-plots included three stages of spraying {(spraying at the five leaves stage, spraying at the end of the vegetative growth stage (beginning of flag leaf appearance) and spraying at the 25% flowering stage}. The results showed that the spraying of kinetin at a concentrations of 45 mg L−1 was significantly superior in the most of the studied traits, such as leaf area, 1000 grain weight, grain yield (3.548 and 5.110 ton ha−1) and grain protein content (11.04 and 11.56%) in the two seasons respectively. However, the spraying of kinetin at a high concentration (45 mg L−1) at the 25% flowering stage had a highest value of grain protein content in the autumn season.
Role of Oat-Clover Intercropping in Dry Matter of Fodder Yield and Soil Nitrogen Sustainability in Semi-Arid Area of Iraq
Authors: Addaheri A M S , Najm B F , Alkhamisi F T F
Published: December 2023

A field trial was carried out including different Oat (Avena sativa L.): Clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) sowing ratios (100%:0%, 75%:25%, 50%:50%, 25%:75%, and 0%:100%). Parameters of dry matter (DM) of two cuts, land equivalent ratio (LER), aggressivety (A), and soil nitrogen sustainability (SNS), were calculated. Obtained results showed the sowing ratio of 25:75 superior in DM for the 1st cut, while 75:25 gave the highest DM at the 2nd cut. As for the total fodder yield of the two cuts, results presented solo-cropped oat with the highest score and the lowest appeared with the treatment of solo-cropped clover. The sowing ratio of 25:75 recorded the Highest LER was obtained at 25:75 ratio, on the other hand, the ratio of 75:25 gave the lowest LER, outperformed the total of the two cuts, the sowing ratio of 50:50 recorded the highest “A” significantly outperformed the sowing ratio of 75:25, which recorded the lowest. In general, it was found that oat had the advantage in the ability to compete compared to clover, where oat recorded positive values of A, while clover recorded negative values that differed significantly from 0 for all sowing ratios in both the two cuts and their sum. The conclusion from this study is that the cultivation of oat and clover intercropped with the mentioned sowing ratios was useful for land use and nitrogen sustainability, under the conditions in which the study was conducted.
Growth and Yield Response of Several Cultivars of Wheat Triticum Aestivum L. to Spraying of NPK Nano Fertilizer
Authors: AbdulKafoor A H , Ahmed Y A , Ali I M , Ramadan A S A A
Published: December 2023

During the winter of 2021–2022, a field experiment was conducted in the fields of a farmer in Habbaniyah district, Anbar Governorate. ln order to investigate the effects of various nano-fertilizer (NPK) concentrations on specific growth and yield traits of several wheat cultivars. A Randomized complete block design was used with split plot arrangement and three replications, and the main plots included two concentrations of NPK (1, 2) g L−1 as well as the comparison treatment without spraying. As for the subplots included three cultivars of wheat (Chihan, Ibaa 99, Bora). The results showed Chihan cultivar plants excelled in all growth and yield characteristics except for the number of grains per spike, as no significant differences were observed in the mean of this trait. While the plants of this cultivar recorded the highest averages for the traits (plant height, flag leaf area, chlorophyll index, spike length, number of spikes, weight of 1000 grains, and grain yield) and reached 89.31 cm, 45.47 cm 2, 49.54 spads, 11.900 cm, 348.1 spikes, 42.44 gm and 7.865 Mg ha, respectively. The interaction between the various cultivars and nano fertilizer concentrations had a significant impact on the majority of the examined traits, which was reflected in the overall yield, with the Chihan cultivar plants producing the highest average grain yield of 10.935 Mg ha-1.
Correlation and Pathway Analysis and their Applications to Improve Yield in Bread Wheat Under Humic Acid Conditions
Authors: Al-Hajooj Y A , Al-Bayati B S N , Ahmed L K , Anis A H A
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to know the relationship between growth traits and yield components with yield by studying some statistical and genetic parameters in addition to correlation and path analyses . The study included fifteen types of bread wheat (Sham 8, Aba 99, Kraita, Al_ Ezz, Aba 95, Mexibak, Sham 6, Abu Ghraib 3, Al-Fath, Intisar, Latifa, Tamouz3, Bohouth 22, and Al_Rasheed) under the influence of three levels of humic acid (0, 20 and 40 kg.h−1) using the Randomized complete block design to the arrangement of split plots with three replicates and characteristics, the number of days to heading ofspikes, the area of the flag leaf, plant height, number of active tillers, number of grains of the spike, 1000 grains weight and the total yield. The most important results were summarized as: The presence of high genetic variance compared to environmental variance, which was reflected in the high value of heritability in the broad sense, and that the coefficient of environmental variation was low compared to the coefficient of genetic and phenotypic variation, which was average, and that the expected genetic improvement as a percentage was average for all studied traits except number of days to heading trait varying levels of humic acid. We conclude from this that the third level can be considered a good and suitable environment through direct selection of the two characteristics number grains per spike and grains thousand weight to improve the yield in the future.
Effect of Weeds and Seeding Rate on Some Growth Characteristics and Oil Content of Three Cultivars of Flax
Authors: Othman N J , Mohammed Y A
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter season of 2020-2021 in a farmer’s field in the Abu Flis area, which is located in the Al-Habbaniyah district of Anbar province, Iraq. The objective was to study the effect of two weeding treatments (weed free and weedy treatment throughout the growing season) and three seeding rates (30, 40, and 50 kg ha−1) on some growth and oil percent % characteristics of three cultivars of flax (local, Sakha 4, and Sakha 6). The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) with a split-split plot arrangement with three replicates. The results showed that the weedy treatment led to a significant decrease in plant height, stem diameter, root dry weight, and the number of main and fruiting branches per plant by 5.16%, 20.73%, 32.42%, 56.18%, and 46.24%, respectively, compared to the weed free treatment Seeding rates also had a significant effect on most of the studied characteristics. The seeding rate of 30 kg ha−1 resulted in the highest weeds density and the highest average stem diameter, root dry weight, and the number of main and fruiting branches per plant, while recording the lowest plant height.
The Allelopathic Potential of some Lower Plants on Growth, and Yield of Wheat Plants
Authors: Ali K A , Maulood P M , Amin S A , Al-Barzingy Y O M , Shekha Y A
Published: December 2023

A completely randomized design pot experiment was executed in the College of Science, Salahaddin University glass house to investigate the allelopathic potentiality of dried shoot parts of two algae two (Chara sp. and Cladophora glomerata) and aquatic plant species (Ceratophyllum desmersum) when incorporated in different concentrations [0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and2.0 %] to the pot’s soil on germination and growth of hard Wheat (Triticum durum). Results showed the stimulating effect of both algae species
Chara sp. and
Cladophora Sp. on wheat plant’s height (71.44 and 81.66 cm), shoot dry weight to (4.46 and 9.00 g), spike weight (2.05 and 3.06 g), spike length (16.16 and16.80 cm), number of grains per spike (26.22 and 36.77 grain. Spike −1), yield per plant (4.78 and 10.30 g. plant−1), thousand grains weight 59.40 and 64.90 g) respectively comparing to control treatmenst. The aquatic plant species dried shoot parts negatively affected the wheat plants’ flag leaf length and width, shoot dry weight, and yield per plant. The allelopathic index indicated the stimulatory effect when the index was higher than unity 2.30 and 2.03 for both algae species. The inhibiting effect when the index value was lower than unity 0.52 for the aquatic plant.
Evaluation of some Egyptian and Iraq Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes and Estimate of its Genetic Statistical Parameters
Authors: Al-sadoon A W , Al-jubory W H , Al-Qassi E K , Anees A H
Published: December 2023

Seventeen bread wheat genotypes were evaluated involving seven Egyptian genotypes (Yakora, 13-ssd-43, Sahel 1, Gemiza 7, Gemiza 11, Sides12 and Giza 168) and ten Iraqi genotypes (Ibba 95, Ibba 99, Sham 6, Adana, Tamros 3, Jihan, Latifia, Buhooth 22, Rashid and Abu Ghraib) to estimate their variations, correlations, coefficients of differences (environmental, genetic, phenotypic) and heritability in the broad sense. The experiment was carried out in crop field farm - Faculty of Agriculture - Tikrit University. 11/15/2018, with randomizing complete block design. The genotype of Gemiza 7 exhibited superiority in both, the number of kernels/ spike and grain yield/ plant (58.53 kernels and 24.65 g), respectively. 13-ssd-43 and Sham 6 for number of spikes /plant and grain yield/ plant reached 11.83 and 10.74 spikes /plant, 24.28 and 23.16 g, respectively. This does not belong to the wide genetic diversity in addition to the occurrence of these structures in different cluster groups and with a genetic dimension. It can be considered a parent in future breeding and improvement programs. On the other hand, the number of spikes plant shown with the coefficient of genetic and phenotypic variation can be considered of high value for heritability, and genetic improvement can be regarded as a tool for improving bread wheat in the near future.
Effect of Cutting Stages and Cytokinin Spray on Growth and Yield and Quality of Green Forage of Different Varieties of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)
Authors: Ismael M N , Jassem W M
Published: December 2023

The experiment was conducted at field crops department field, college of agriculture, Tikrit university. during the autumn season 2017 to investigate the effect of cytokinein and stage of cutting in the growth characteristics and forage yield of sorghum. The experiment design was (R.C.B.D) with three replicutions arranged in split-split-plot. concentrations of cytokinein (0,100,200,300ppm) were used as the main plots while the varieties (alkaer, enqad, rabih, abu-sabaen, and giza 113) were used as the sub-plots. the cutting stage (after 45 days of planting, after 50 days of the first stage and after 50 days the second stage) were used as the sub-sub-plots. plant height, number of leaves. Plant, steam diameter, leaf area and green forage yield were studed. the results the following showed the abu-sabaen gave highest values in plant height and forage yield (141.41cm and 66.23 t.ha −1) . the rabih variety gave highest valust in steam diameter and leaf area (20.80 mm and 1499.57 cm 2). the spraying 300 ppm gave lowest value of forage yield (45.42 t.ha −1) . the third stage of cutting gave highest value, plant height, number of leaves. plant−1, leaf area and forage yield (135.86 cm, 10.72 leaf.plant −1, 1524.36 cm2 and 66.56 t.ha −1) interaction between abusabaen third stage cutting gave highest value of forage yield (85.73 t.ha−1).
The Effect of Local Bio Fertilizer and Their Enzymatic Activity on Growth of Maize Plant and some Biological Therites in the Soil
Authors: Kudury S K , Abed I A , Mahdi B A
Published: December 2023

The pots experiment was carried out in green house which belong to the Department of horti culture and Engineering,College of Agriculture, University of Anbar, to study the effect of locally prepared biofertilizers and their enzymatic activity on the growth of maize (Al Maha gender) and the activity of phosphatase, protease, glucosidase, urease, respiratory efficiency, and survival of nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-dissolving bacteria in the soil and some Morphological and physiological characteristics of corn plant, during the spring agricultural season of 2022. The experiment included testing 5 isolates with doubled combinations of isolates: Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus megaterium, Azosprillum lipoferum, Pseudomonas putida, Actinomycetes.There were 16 treatments with control treatment (without addition). The treatment A. chroococcum + Az. lipoferum has the highest content of total nitrogen in the soil and in the presence of maize after 60 days reach to 185 mg N kg−1 followed by Az lipoferum treatment at a rate of 177 mg N kg−1, while the lowest nitrogen content in the control treatment was 65 mg N kg−1, and the B. megaterium + P. putida treatment excelled with the highest phosphorus content of 13.65 mg P kg−1, it was found that the bacterial number in the soil reach the highest level in the treatment of B.megaterium + P. putida with the highest level of cfu g−1 soil reach to 3.3*10 7 of cfu g−1 soi.
Effect of Some Fertilizer Combinations of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on Some Qualitative Characteristics of Quinoa in Seed
Authors: Yacoub M M , Al-Hamdany F M A , Almehemdi A F
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was carried out during the season 2020/2021 in Anbar Governorate - Heet district - Sweeb region to study the effect of levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on some yield characteristics of quinoa plants using three levels of nitrogen (50, 100, 150) kg h−1 and symbolized by (N1, N2, N3) respectively and three levels of phosphorus (22, 44 and 66) kg P ha−1 and took the symbolized (P1, P2, P3) and three levels of potassium (33.2, 66.2, 99.2) kg K.ha−1 The experiment was designed according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results of the experiment showed that the highest percentage of protein in quinoa grains reached 16.50% at low fertilizer levels of nitrogen and high levels of phosphorus and potassium when treated N1P3K3, As for the oil percentage, the low levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium gave the highest oil percentage of 4.39%, as well as the phenols gave the highest value of 74.73 mg Gallic gm−1 at medium levels of nitrogen and low levels of potassium and phosphorus 34.20 mg Gallic gm−1 when treated N2P1K1. As for the flavonoids, it gave the highest value of 34.20 mg Rutin gm−1 It was found that there was a strong positive correlation between phenols and flavonoids of r = 0.78. As for saponins it increased with a decrease in the level of nitrogen and an increase in the levels of phosphorus and potassium, as it gave the highest value of 8.21%, that is, when treating N2P1K1, and it was found that there was a strong negative correlation between The percentage of saponins and the percentage of nitrogen in seeds had a value of r=-0.75.
Survey and Classification of Soil Sheikh Saad sub-District in Wasit Governorate in Iraq using Aerial Photographs by (Drones)
Authors: Al-Jubouri A M A , Hishem S M , Suliman A A , El-Desouki S A
Published: December 2023

The study dealt with detecting the impact of geographical factors on the spatial variation of soil characteristics by conducting a survey and classification of soils in the study area and determining the varieties of land viability with modern technology through aerial photographs taken by drones with an area of 43,428 hectares, 9 soil pedons were selected distributed on the soil of Sheikh Saad district in Wasit Governorate based on the satellite visual of the study area of the Landsat8 satellite for comparison with images, as the satellite visual taken by sensor (OLI) for the year 2021 was classified, Where it was classified according to directed classification by employing the Erdas 10.2 program and collecting geographically defined images taken with a camera mounted on a drone, where the engineering correction process of the images was carried out by Arc GIS and the GLOBAL Mapper program To be adopted as a base map in the interpretation processes to produce the final map, which is the map of the soil survey at the level of series Soil pedons of the study area were classified based on soil temperature and moisture regimes under the US system the study area within two orders: (Entisols and Aridisols), as the soils of the study area were classified to a level below the great totals and included three categories:(Typic Torrifluvents, Typic Haplosalids, Typic Calcigypsids).
The Role of Zinc- Zeolite in the Growth and Yield of (Zea Mays L.) in Two Calcareous Soils
Authors: Al-Mashhdany M A R , Al-Hadethi A A H
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at the research station of the College of Agriculture - University of Anbar to study the effect of zinc-zeolite on some growth and yield characteristics of maize in two calcareous soils that differ in clay ratio. It was carried out according to the randomized complete block design following the nested design, with three replications which include: natural and synthetic zeolite prepared from local kaolin. Both the natural and synthetic zeolite were ground and sieved using a sieve with a diameter of 63 µm and then the natural and synthetic zeolite were saturated with zinc. Natural and synthetic zeolite zinc was added to the soil at three levels: 4, 8, and 12 kg Zn ha−1. The mineral source of zinc (ZnSO47H2O) and the organic source of zinc (Zn-DTPA) were used at the level of 8 Kg Zn ha−1 for each of them as a comparison treatment, as well as the comparison treatment without the addition of zinc. The number of treatments in each sector is 9 experimental units, and the total number of experimental units for each site is 27 experimental units. The results showed that natural and synthetic zeolite-zinc at the level of 12 kg Zn ha−1 was significantly superior in plant height and grain weight at a rate of 183.3 cm (150.0 g) and the concentration of nitrogen, potassium and zinc at a rate of 19.98, 2.96 and 45.50 g kg−1.
Effect of Adding Organic Fertilizer and Humic Acid on some Vegetative and Root Growth Characteristics of Fig Seedlings, Diyala Black Cultivar
Authors: Ali S S J , Al-Dolaimi R M H
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted at the research station of the College of Agriculture - University of Anbar during the 2022 growing season. To study the effect of adding organic fertilizer (poultry waste) at levels (0, 0.5, 1 kg seedlings−1), which is symbolized by (A0, A1, A2) respectively, and humic acid in levels (0,250,500 ml L−1), which is symbolized by (B0, B1, B2) respectively, in some characters of vegetative, root and chemical growth of fig seedlings of Aswad Diyala cultivar. The results showed that the addition of organic fertilizer at level of 1 kg seedlings-1 outperformed and led to a significant increase in plant height (36.89 cm), main root length (27.83 cm), leaf content of total chlorophyll (63.10 mg 100 g−1 fresh weight), leaf content of nitrogen (2.080%), leaf content of phosphorus (0.450%), leaf content of potassium (3.389%), leaves content of carbohydrates (35.88%). The study showed the significant superiority of humic acid at level B2 (500 ml L−1) on the rate of increase in plant height (31.22 cm), main root length (27.16 cm), leaf content of total chlorophyll (58.00 mg 100g−1 fresh weight), leaf nitrogen content (2.053%) The leaf content of phosphorous (0.444%), the leaf content of potassium (3.379%), the leaves content of carbohydrate (35.87%). Also, the two-way interactions between the study factors had a significant effect on most of the studied traits.
Effect of Spraying with Triacontanol and Adding Humic acid on the Chemical Content of Pear Seedlings Pyrus Cimmunis L. Cv. Le-Conte
Authors: Mahdi H H T , Saleh S A A
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted at the research station of the College of Agriculture, Anbar University in 2022 to investigate the effect of foliar application of triacontanol at concentrations of 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg L−1, symbolized by T0, T1, T2, and T3, respectively, and the addition of humic acid to the soil at concentrations of 0, 25, and 50 mg L−1, symbolized by H0, H1, and H2, respectively, on some chemical growth characteristics of Le-conte pear seedlings. The results showed significant differences among the treatments, where the addition of the growth regulator triacontanol at treatment T3 (100 mg L−1) resulted in a significant superiority in the carbohydrate content the leaves (6.18%), nitrogen content the branches (2.207%), nitrogen content the leaves (1.937%), carbohydrate content the branches (13.378%), phosphorus content in the branches (0.367%), and phosphorus content the leaves (0.347%). On the other hand, the effect of humic acid showed significant superiority at treatment H2 (50 mg L−1) in the carbohydrate content the leaves (5.49%), nitrogen content the branches (2.160%), nitrogen content the leaves (1.908%), carbohydrate content the branches (12.858%), phosphorus content the branches (0.341%), and phosphorus content the leaves (0.338%). the results showed that the interaction between the study factors was significant, with superiority of the treatment T3H2 in all the studied characteristics.
Impact of Pruning, Foliar Spraying with Gibberellic Acid, and Chelated Iron in Leaves Nutrients Content of Fig Trees Cv. Black Diyala
Authors: Al-Omrani H H A , Al-Dolaimi R M H
Published: December 2023

The research was conducted on fig trees, black diyala cultivar, at the age of (13) years, planted in one of the orchards affiliated with the General Directorate of Vocational Education / Vocational Section in Diwaniyah Mixed Agricultural Preparatory School / Al-Qadisiyah Governorate for the season 2022. 81 black fig trees were selected, homogeneous in size, height, and growing strength as much as possible. They are planted on dimensions (4 x 4) meters. to study the effect of pruning (0, 25, and 50%) and spraying with gibberellic acid (0, 30, and 60 mg.L−1) and chelated iron (0, 1, and 2 g.L−1) in the nutrient content of leaves of fig trees, Black Diyala cultivar. The experiment was designed according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The results showed that the levels of pruning and the concentrations of spraying gibberellic acid and chelated iron on the trees were positive in increasing the leaf content of the nutrients under study compared to the comparison treatment, whether it was single or combined. The treatments P2, G2 and F2 were characterized by giving them the best results, as they recorded 2.57, 2.35 and 2.26% for nitrogen, 0.244, 0.199 and 0.183% for phosphorus, 1.83, 1.66 and 1.60% for potassium, 1.007, 0.925 and 0.890% for calcium, 472.80, 391.00, and 359.95 mg.kg−1 dry matter, respectively.
Effect of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Spraying with a Growth Stimulator on Some Chemical Properties of Vegetative Growth and Fruits of the Strawberry Plant Fragaria×ananassa
Authors: Alsobihi M H N , Saleh S A A
Published: December 2023

This study was carried out at the research station of the College of Agriculture - University of Anbar during the agricultural season 2021 to study the effect of adding types of organic fertilizer (without addition, poultry waste, manufactured organic fertilizer), which are symbolized by (M0, M1, M2) in sequence.and the combination of one and a half recommendations with spraying with a growth stimulator that contains calcium, boron, zinc, magnesium, amino acids and molybdenum, and it had 6 levels (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6) in the concentration of some elements for strawberry plants. The results show that the organic treatments recorded clear significant differences, especially the poultry manure treatment, which gave the highest values in the ratio (N, P, K) recorded (2.816, 0.48, 2.26) and did not differ significantly with M2 in TSS. M2 gave the lowest nitrate content and acidity (30.34, 0.40). As for the combination of fertilizers with spraying, treatment T3 gave the highest values in (N, P, K, TSS) recorded (2.345, 0.45, 2.07, 7.330) and the lowest acidity (0.41). With regard to the interaction between the two factors of the study, the two treatments, M1T3 and M1T6, recorded superiority in most of the studied traits, and M1T6 did not differ significantly from M2T6 in acidity, while M2T6 recorded the lowest nitrate content.
Response of Olive Saplings cv. Khistawi to Soil Application with Humic Acid and Foliar Spray with Urea
Authors: Hassan M K , Al-Ali H H
Published: December 2023

The experiment was conducted in the lath house belonging to the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening- College of Agriculture - Anbar University, for the period from the beginning of March 2022 to mid of November 2022, to study the effect of soil application with humic acid at three levels (0, 10, 15, g sapling−1) denoted by H0, H1, H2 respectively, and foliar spray with urea at three concentrations (0, 10, 15 g L−1) denoted by N0, N1, N2 respectively, and the interaction between them in the vegetative growth traits and leaf mineral content of olive saplings cv.khistawi. The results showed a positive effect when adding humic at concentration 15 g.sapling−1 which showed a. Adding 15 g seedling−1 significant superiority in the rate of sapling height increment, increment of number main branches stem branches, leaf area, and the percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the leaves, reaching 23.367 cm, 17.275 branch.sapling−1, 5.190 cm2, 1.824%, 0.454%, 1.813%, respectively, compared to the control treatment. Foliar spraying with urea (15 g L−1) also resulted in a significant improvement in the aforementioned traits when adding humic acid, reaching 24.259 cm, 17.616 branch.sapling−1, 5.607 cm2, 1.844%, 0.466%, 1.802% respectively, compared to the control treatment. The interaction between the studied factors showed a similar behavior to the individual factors for all studied traits.
Response of Strawberry Plants to Foliar Application with Seaweeds Extract and Benzylaenine
Authors: Jabbar A M , Saleh S A A
Published: December 2023

This research was carried out in a greenhouse located south of Baghdad, Yusufiyah, Abu Halan area, in fall season at 20/10/2021, on Ruby gem strawberry cultivar. To find out the effect of spraying with growth regulator Benzyl adenine BA and seaweed extract on strawberry runners and some vegetative and fruiting characteristics. The study included implementation of a factorial experiment with two factors, first factor is spraying of growth regulator BA with three concentrations: 0, 50, 100 PPM as B0, B1, B2, respectively and second factor is seaweed extract spray with four concentrations: 0, 2, 4, 6 mg.L as A0, A1, A2, A3, respectively. treatments were distributed randomly in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) experiment. As experiment included 12 treatments with three replications and 12 plants for each experimental unit, thus the number of plants included in the experiment was 432 plants. The results showed that, seaweed extract spray at 6 mg/L.(A3) significantly increased in leaves number of 15.40 leaf.plant-1 and highest runner’s number of 4.77 runner.plant-1, highest leaf chlorophyll content of 0.825 %, highest leaf nitrogen content of 1.908 %, highest leaf phosphor content of 0.570 % and highest leaf potassium content of 1.87 %.
Effect of Planting Date, Home Garden Direction, and Fertilizing with Compound Fertilizer (Hortifeeds) on the Number of Days Required for Flowering and on the Number of Flowers in the Middle of Each Month for Hybrid Carnation (Dianthus Chinensis X Barbatus)
Authors: Nouri M S , Al-Bakkar A H A Q
Published: December 2023

The study was carried out in the field of the Agricultural Research and Experiment Station belonging to the College of Agriculture / University of Kirkuk, located in the Al-Sayada area in Kirkuk Governorate, during the growing season from (9/15/2021) to (4/15/2022), to study the effect of planting dates. The first is (9/15/2021 and the second date is 9/30/2021), the direction of the home garden (south, east, and west) and fertilization with levels of compound fertilizer Hortifeeds that are (0, 1, 2, and 3) g.L−1 in growth and flowering Hybrid carnation plant (Dianthus chinensis x barbatus), The factorial experiment was carried out with a randomized complete design of three sectors, and the statistical analysis program (SAS) was used to analyse the data, and the Duncan polynomial test was adopted to compare averages at the 5% level.) The highest rates with a significant difference for the characteristics of the number of days required for flowering amounted to (136,860) days, the number of flowers for the month of January was (0.694) flower.plant−1, the number of flowers for the month of February was (7.238) flower.plant−1, and the number of flowers for the month of March was (41,632) flower Plant−1, while the number of flowers for the month of April did not reach the level of significant.
Response of Matthiola Incana L. to Spraying with Amino Acids and Nano-Chelated Iron in Growth and Flowering Indicators
Authors: Al-Zurfi M , Bhiah K , Ahmeed J , Al-abbasi G , Muhammad N
Published: December 2023

The experiment was carried out in the nursery of University of Kufa during the agricultural season 2021-2022 to study the response of stock plant to spraying with amino acids and nano-iron in growth and flowering indicators. experiment was conducted based on RCBD with three replications The concentrations of amino acids were 0, 1.5 and 3 ml l−1 and 0, 20 and 40 mg l−1 of nano-iron. The obtained results confirmed that spraying amino acids at a concentration of 3 ml l−1 with nano iron at a concentration of 20 mg l−1 led to a significant increase in plant height, total number of leaves, leaves content of total chlorophyll, total soluble carbohydrates, number of inflorescences, number of florets, flower diameter and inflorescence length, compared to the control treatment.