bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Older multimorbid patients’ experiences on integration of services: A systematic review
Authors: Boye Lilian Keene Guldhammer , Mogensen Christian Backer , Mechlenborg Tine , Waldorff Frans Boch , Andersen Pernille Tanggaard
Published: July 2019

Background

Half of the older persons in high-income counties are affected with multimorbidity and the prevalence increases with older age. To cope with both the complexity of multimorbidity and the ageing population health care systems needs to adapt to the aging population and improve the coordination of long-term services. The objectives of this review were to synthesis how older people with multimorbidity experiences integrations of health care services and to identified barriers towards continuity of care when multimorbid.

Design

A systematic literature search was conducted in February 2018 by in Scopus, Embase, Cinahl, and Medline using the PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria: studies exploring patients’ point of view, ≥65 and multi-morbid. Quality assessment was conducted using COREQ. Thematic synthesis was done.

Results

2030 studies were identified, with 75 studies eligible for full text, resulting in 9 included articles, of generally accepted quality.

Integration of health care services was successful when the patients felt listened to on all the aspects of being individuals with multimorbidity and when they obtained help from a care coordinator to prioritize their appointments. However, they felt frustrated when they did not have easy access to their health providers, when they were not listened to, and when they felt they were discharged too early. These frustrations were also identified as barriers to continuity of care.

Conclusion

Health care systems needs to adapt to people with multimorbidity and find solutions on ways to create flexible systems that are able to help older patients with multimorbidity, meet their individual needs and their desire to be involved in decisions regarding their care. A Care coordinator may be a solution.
Incidence of tuberculosis among HIV-positive adults on antiretroviral therapy at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Temesgen Belisty , Kibret Getiye Dejenu , Alamirew Nakachew Mekonnen , Alebel Animut
Published: July 2019

Background: Tuberculosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with human immunodeficiency virus. Almost one-third of deaths among people living with human immunodeficiency virus are attributed to tuberculosis. Despite this fact, in Ethiopia, particularly in our study area there is a scarcity of information regarding the incidence and predictors of TB among peoples living with HIV. Thus, this study aimed to assess the incidence and predictors of tuberculosis among HIV positive adults.
Methods: An institution based retrospective cohort study was conducted among 544 HIV-positive adults on ART at Debre Markos Referral Hospital from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2017. The study participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique. The data extraction format was adapted from ART intake and follow-up forms. Data were entered using Epi-Data version 4.2 and analyzed using STATA Version 13. Tuberculosis free survival time was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier survival curve. Both the bi-variable and multivariable Cox-proportional hazard regression models were used to identify predictors of the time to develop TB.
Results: Among 492 HIV-positive adults included in the final analysis, 16.9% of them developed TB at the time of follow up. The incidence rate of TB was found to be 6.5 (95%CI: 5.2, 8.0) per 100-person years. Advanced WHO clinical disease stage (III and IV) (AHR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.2, 3.2), being ambulatory and bedridden (AHR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1, 3.1), baseline opportunistic infections (AHR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.7, 4.4), low hemoglobin level (AHR: 3.5, 95% CI: 2.1, 5.8), and not taking IPT (AHR: 3.9, 95% CI: 1.9, 7.6) were found to be predictors of the time to develop TB.
Conclusion: In this study, a high incidence rate of TB was observed among HIV-positive adults. Advanced HIV disease stage (III and IV), being ambulatory and bedridden, having opportunistic infections, having a low hemoglobin level, and not taking IPT were found to be predictors of the time to develop TB.
Keywords: HIV, Incidence, Predictors, TB
Transcriptome analysis implicates involvement of long noncoding RNAs in cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration in cotton
Authors: Zhang Bingbing , Zhang Xuexian , Zhang Meng , Guo Liping , Qi Tingxiang , Wang Hailin , Tang Huini , Qiao Xiuqin , Shahzad Kashif , Xing Chaozhu , Wu Jianyong
Published: July 2019

Background

Hybrid cotton has greatly contributed to global increase in cotton productivity. The cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS)/restorer-of-fertility system is an important tool to exploit heterosis because it is convenient for commercial hybrid seed production. The importance of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in plant development is recognized, few analyses of lncRNAs during anther development of three-line hybrid cotton (CMS-D2 line A, maintainer line B, restorer-of-fertility line R) have been reported.

Results

Here, we performed transcriptome sequencing during anther development in Upland cotton carrying cytoplasmic male sterile Gossypium harknessii (D2) cytoplasm. Totally 80,695 lncRNAs were identified, in which 43,347 and 44,739 lncRNAs were differentially expressed in A–B and A–R comparisons, respectively. These lncRNAs represent functional candidates involved in CMS and fertility restoration. Gene ontology enrichment analysis indicated that cellular hormone metabolic processes and oxidation–reduction reaction processes might be involved in CMS, and cellular component morphogenesis and small molecular biosynthetic processes might participate in fertility restoration. Analysis of the putative relationship between lncRNAs and miRNAs revealed that 63 lncRNAs were identified as putative precursors of 35 miRNAs, and qRT-PCR analysis showed a similar expression pattern to that of RNA-sequencing data. Furthermore, construction of lncRNA regulatory networks indicated that several miRNA–lncRNA–mRNA networks might be involved in CMS and fertility restoration.

Conclusion

Our findings provide systematic identification of lncRNAs during anther development and lays a solid foundation for future investigation of the regulatory molecular mechanisms and utilization in ­­breeding of hybrid cotton.
Comparative profiling of microRNA expression in the developing seeds of high- and low-oil tea oil camellia (Camellia oleifera) cultivars
Authors: Wu Bo , Ruan Chengjiang , Zhang Wanchen , Shah Asad Hussain , Liu Sihei
Published: July 2019

Background

Tea oil camellia (Camellia oleifera), an important woody oil tree, is a source of seed oil of high nutritional and medicinal values and has been widely planted in southern China. However, there are few reports on the identification of miRNAs involved in seed lipid metabolism in high- and low-oil cultivars of tea oil camellia.

Results
An miRNA sequencing database was constructed for an Illumina platform, which was used to perform high-throughput small RNA sequencing of seeds of high- and low-oil cultivars of tea oil camellia at four different developmental stages, and the important relevant miRNAs and their target genes were identified. A total of 196 miRNAs, including 156 known miRNAs from 35 families and 40 novel miRNAs, were identified, and 55 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs were found. An integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA transcriptome sequence data and qRT-PCR-based information was performed and revealed that 10 miRNA-mRNA function modules were related to lipid metabolism and 23 miRNA-mRNA function modules were involved in the regulation of seed size.

Conclusion
Mining and studying the expression patterns and functions of miRNAs and their regulatory target genes can not only promote the development of miRNAs related to tea oil camellia in public resource databases but also provide important theoretical value and a scientific basis for the genetic improvement of new varieties of tea oil camellia in the future.
Oral Health Related Quality of Life during Pregnancy and Postpartum: A systematic review
Authors: Fakheran Omid , Saied-Moallemi Zahra , Khademi Abbasali
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND

The impact of diseases on psychosocial well-being or the normal function of a person has been commonly defined as health-related quality of life .High prevalence of Dental and periodontal problems during gestation period may have a negative effect on oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in pregnant and postpartum women.

OBJECTIVE

This systematic review aims to perform a quality assessment and to give a critical overview of the current research available on OHRQoL in pregnant and post-partum women.

STUDY DESIGN

A systematic search strategy was applied in PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, Google Scholar and Scopus from inception until December 2018. For this systemic review all original and peer-reviewed human studies which investigated OHRQoL of women during pregnancy or post- partum period were searched. Studies were screened on title and consecutively on abstract for relevance by 2 independent investigators. Methodological quality was assessed using modified items recommended by the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for observational studies.

RESULTS

In all, 8 studies regarding the assessment of OHRQoL in pregnant woman were included. All of the included studies had cross-sectional design. Meta-analysis was not possible due to heterogeneity on key aspects among the included studies. Thus, the data from the studies were evaluated qualitatively. The overall risk of bias of the included studies was low.

CONCLUSION

The main conclusion of this review is that the presence of signs and symptoms of dental and gingival disease negatively affects the self-perception of OHRQoL in pregnant women. The most affected domains of OHRQoL in pregnant women were related to mental and psychological discomfort followed by physical and functional problems. Considering that the available evidence is limited to cross-sectional design, longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the impacts of oral health status during pregnancy.
Co-producing childbirth knowledge: A qualitative study of birth stories in antenatal sessions
Authors: de Quattro Leah
Published: July 2019

Background

Birth stories surround pregnant women. Existing research on childbirth knowledge suggests that personal accounts from family and friends play a foundational role upon which other information builds. However, among the handful of studies that specifically address the educational role of birth stories, stories appeared to have little impact on knowledge creation. This paper engages with this discussion by focusing on the work of birth stories told within the context of antenatal sessions. Findings draw from the pilot study of a project which seeks to understand how participants use collective approaches to co-produce birth knowledge.

Method

Research data drew from participant observation of group-led Homebirth sessions (25 participants) and teacher-led National Childbirth Trust classes (18 participants). The researcher analysed transcripts using template analysis, a form of thematic content analysis, with principles from feminist ethnography and narrative analysis.

Results

Storytelling proved central to mother-to-mother antenatal group practices, providing not only information, but also a means for understanding. This educational work took place through various mechanisms: Stories (re)shaped expectations, shared practical techniques, navigated different truth claims and approaches to knowledge, and helped build supportive communities of parents. These findings emerged more prominently in group-led sessions compared to teacher-led sessions.

Conclusion

Compared to teacher-led norms, storytelling and other collective approaches to antenatal education provide additional resources to childbearing women. As dialogic, complex and flexible learning tools, stories offer uniquely diverse, credible and supportive messages. The next phase of this project will further investigate these findings, explore informal collective practices, and seek to evaluate the impact of collective knowledge on childbirth experiences.
Methodology for sampling women at high maternal risk in administrative data
Authors: Vanderlaan Jennifer , Dunlop Anne , Rochat Roger , Williams Bryan , Shapiro Susan E.
Published: July 2019

Background

In population level studies, the conventional practice of categorizing women into low and high maternal risk samples relies upon ascertaining the presence of various comorbid conditions in administrative data. Two problems with the conventional method include variability in the recommended comorbidities to consider and inability to distinguish between maternal and fetal risks. High maternal risk sample selection may be improved by using the Obstetric Comorbidity Index (OCI), a system of risk scoring based on weighting comorbidities associated with maternal end organ damage. The purpose of this study was to compare the net benefit of using OCI risk scoring vs the conventional risk identification method to identify a sample of women at high maternal risk in administrative data.

Methods

This was a net benefit analysis using linked delivery hospitalization discharge and vital records data for women experiencing singleton births in Georgia from 2008-2012. We compared the value identifying a sample of women at high maternal risk using the OCI score to the conventional method of dichotomous identification of any comorbidities. Value was measured by the ability to select a sample of women designated as high maternal risk who experienced severe maternal morbidity or mortality.

Results

The high maternal risk sample created with the OCI had a small but positive net benefit (+ 0.6), while the conventionally derived sample had a negative net benefit indicating the sample selection performed worse than identifying no woman as high maternal risk.

Conclusions

The OCI can be used to select women at high maternal risk in administrative data. The OCI provides a consistent method of identification for women at risk of maternal morbidity and mortality and avoids confounding all obstetric risk factors with specific maternal risk factors. Using the OCI may help reduce misclassification as high maternal risk and improve the consistency in identifying women at high maternal risk in administrative data.
Thailand Medical Mobile Application for Patients Triage Base on Criteria Based Dispatch Protocol
Authors: Sutham Krongkarn , Khuwuthyakorn Pattaraporn , Jengserbsan Nantanan , Thinnukool Orawit
Published: July 2019

Background: Pre-hospital process is important criteria which helps patients in term of treatment performance before admitting to Emergency Department (ED) or requesting from an emergency unit. The existing system to triage patients in Thailand is not practically functioning in the primary medical or pre-hospital treatment in term of speeding, feature, or appropriate system. There is a high possibility for misrepresenting false Initial Dispatch Code (IDC), which causes the requirement of over or under emergency resources, such as rescuers and teams, community hospitals and emergency medical volunteers.
Methods: In the development, usability system design has been applied to gather with system reliability test, to support the pre-hospital processes especially to sort patients by using IDC for requesting emergency resources. The development of triage mobile application has been conducted on both iOS and Android operating systems for supporting triage patient habits based on the CBD protocol. The 25 main symptom categories covered by CBD were used to design and develop the application, and 12 emergency medical staffs including doctors and nurses are subjected to test the system in the following aspects: triage protocol correction, triage reliability, usability and users’ practical satisfaction.
Results: The development result shows the comparison between the proposed triage application and staff experience. Triage reliability test implies that the time used to triage by experienced staffs, in many cases, is slower than using the application. For the usability test, the result shows that the application functions are more effective in terms of the increment of emergency operations and correction of IDC code represented.
Conclusions: The triage application will be utilized to support the pre-hospital process and to classify patient habits before admitting patients to ED. The application can be suitable for user who are not medical emergency staff. Patients with non-trauma symptoms may be a suitable group to use the application in term of time used to identify IDC for their own symptoms. In term of using the application, it can possibly provide benefits to general people who want to self-identify their symptoms before requesting medical services.
Escherichia Coli O157:H7: Distribution, molecular characterization, antimicrobial resistance patterns and source of contamination of sheep and goat carcasses at an export Abattoir, Mojdo, Ethiopia
Authors: Abreham Solomon , Teklu Akafete , Cox Eric , Tessema Tesfaye Sisay
Published: July 2019

Background: Cattle have been identified as a major reservoir of E. coli O157:H7 for human infection; the ecology of the organism in sheep and goats is less understood. This study was carried out to determine prevalence, source of infection, antibiotic resistance and molecular characterization of Escherichia coli O157: H7 isolated from sheep and goat.
Methods: Systematic random sampling was carried out at Modjo export abattoir, Ethiopia, from November 2012 to April 2013 to collect 408 samples from 72 sheep and 32 goats. Samples collected were skin swabs, fecal samples, intestinal mucosal swabs and the inside and outside part of carcasses as well as carcass in contacts such as workers hands, knife, hook and carcass washing water. Then, samples were processed following standard bacteriological procedures. Non-Sorbitol fermenting colonies were tested on latex agglutination test and the positives are subjected to PCR for detection of attaching and effacing genes (eae) and shiga toxin producing genes (stx 1 and stx 2). All E. coli O157:H7 isolates were checked for their susceptibility pattern towards 15 selected antibiotics.
Results: E. coli O157:H7 were detected in only 20/408 samples (4.9%). Among these 20 positive samples, 70% (14/20), 25% (5/20) and 5% (1/20) were from sheep, goats and knife samples, respectively. No significant associations were found between carcasses and the assumed sources of contaminations. Of all the 20 isolates virulent genes were found in 10 (50%) of them; 3 (15%) with only the eaeA gene and 7(35%) expressing eaeA and stx 2 genes. All the isolates were susceptible to Norfloxacin (NOR) (100%).
Conclusions: The presence of virulent genes shows E. coli O157:H7 is a potential source of human infection in Ethiopia.
ANÃLISE COMPARATIVA DO REGIME ORDINÃRIO LUCRO PRESUMIDO PARA O PROJETO DE LEI COMPLEMENTAR (PLP) 125/2015 DO SIMPLES NACIONAL
Authors: Leite Alex Santiago , Lang Agnes Cristina Wiedemann , Costa MÃ´nica Oliveira
Published: July 2019

O Simples Nacional regido pela Lei Complementar nÂº 123, de 14 de dezembro de 2006, juntamente com suas alteraÃ§Ãµes, trouxe a promessa de um regime Ãºnico diferenciado e favorecido a ser dispensado Ã s microempresas e empresas de pequeno porte, principalmente no que se refere Ã  apuraÃ§Ã£o e arrecadaÃ§Ã£o de tributos. Com a criaÃ§Ã£o do projeto de Lei Complementar nÂº 125 de 2015, que pretende alterar a LC nÂº 123/06, novos limites de enquadramentos e um sistema progressivo de alÃ­quotas e deduÃ§Ãµes, abrangendo mais empresas com esse benefÃ­cio. Assim, o presente estudo analisou a melhor forma de tributaÃ§Ã£o para uma empresa do ramo comercial alimentÃ­cio com faturamento superior a R$ 3.600.000,00, tendo como base as seguintes formas de tributaÃ§Ã£o: Simples Nacional com Ãªnfase no projeto de lei 125/2015 e Lucro Presumido. A fim de tornar concreto este objetivo, foi realizado um estudo a respeito das caracterÃ­sticas de cada regime, bem como de todas as variÃ¡veis que influenciaram a realizaÃ§Ã£o do mesmo. AlÃ©m disso, foram apresentadas as sistemÃ¡ticas de tributaÃ§Ã£o do Simples Nacional e do Lucro Presumido, comparando os dois regimes tributÃ¡rios. Para viabilizar tal comparaÃ§Ã£o, o trabalho apresentou um estudo de caso no qual foi apurada a carga tributÃ¡ria incidente sobre a receita bruta auferida por uma empresa aqui denominada Empresa Alfa no perÃ­odo 2015, tendo em vista as formas de tributaÃ§Ã£o citadas anteriormente e observou-se que o Lucro Presumido Ã© a forma de tributaÃ§Ã£o mais econÃ´mica para a Empresa Alfa.
CONTABILIDADE DE CUSTOS: UM ESTUDO BIBLIOMÃ‰TRICO EM PERIÃ“DICOS BRASILEIROS
Authors: Cavalcante Junior Florisvaldo Cunha , Granja Andre Lima , De Sousa Wellington Dantas , Bernardes Juliana Reis
Published: July 2019

O presente estudo se propÃ´s a investigar com que frequÃªncia o tema Contabilidade de Custos tem sido publicado nos 10 principais periÃ³dicos brasileiros. AtravÃ©s de um estudo bibliomÃ©trico de carÃ¡ter descritivo, foram selecionadas as 10 (dez) principais revistas cientÃ­ficas brasileiras na Ã¡rea de Contabilidade segundo a classificaÃ§Ã£o conceitual da (CAPES) CoordenaÃ§Ã£o de AperfeiÃ§oamento de Pessoal de NÃ­vel Superior. A bibliometria Ã© um tipo de pesquisa geralmente utilizada para se fazer um levantamento da quantidade e qualidade de artigos sobre um tema que Ã© considerado relevante para uma determinada Ã¡rea. Partindo desse insight, os procedimentos utilizados na pesquisa permitiram evidenciar uma representatividade da temÃ¡tica Contabilidade de Custos de 10,73% frente ao total de artigos. Dentre os resultados da pesquisa, os achados mostram que 80% dos artigos publicados sÃ£o estudos de caso e a Ã¡rea de GestÃ£o EstratÃ©gica de Custos abrange um percentual de 40,91% dos totais de artigos. Os resultados relacionados denotam oportunidades para futuras pesquisas acerca do tema Contabilidade de Custos, como o aumento no nÃºmero de revistas pesquisadas, a abrangÃªncia do perÃ­odo estudado e as pesquisas bibliomÃ©tricas em Congressos nacionais de CiÃªncias ContÃ¡beis.
POLÃTICAS PÃšBLICAS DE PLANTAS MEDICINAIS E FITOTERÃPICOS NO BRASIL: SUA HISTÃ“RIA NO SISTEMA DE SAÃšDE
Authors: Borges Fabricia Villefort , Sales Maria Diana Cerqueira
Published: July 2019

A promoÃ§Ã£o ao conhecimento das plantas medicinais brasileiras e seu correto emprego na recuperaÃ§Ã£o e manutenÃ§Ã£o da saÃºde tem sido amplamente discutida no cenÃ¡rio atual devido Ã  adoÃ§Ã£o da PolÃ­tica Nacional de PrÃ¡ticas Integrativas e Complementares no Sistema Ãšnico de SaÃºde. Ocasionando uma oportunidade de uniÃ£o do saber popular com o saber tÃ©cnico. O presente artigo tem como objetivos compreender conceitos importantes sobre o tema, identificar as condiÃ§Ãµes histÃ³ricas do surgimento e construÃ§Ã£o das polÃ­ticas pÃºblicas de plantas medicinais e fitoterÃ¡picas no Brasil, assim como descrever as mudanÃ§as ocorridas na saÃºde pÃºblica e no Sistema Ãºnico de SaÃºde (SUS) apÃ³s a implementaÃ§Ã£o dessas polÃ­ticas. O trabalho trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, realizado atravÃ©s de levantamento bibliogrÃ¡fico de artigos de acesso livre indexados nas bases de dados Bio- Med, Bireme, PubMed e SciELO com utilizaÃ§Ã£o dos descritores: PolÃ­tica PÃºblica, Plantas Medicinais, Fitoterapia, Sistema Ãšnico de SaÃºde (SUS). Observou-se que nas Ãºltimas dÃ©cadas, alguns estados e municÃ­pios brasileiros vÃªm realizando a implantaÃ§Ã£o de Programas de Fitoterapia na atenÃ§Ã£o primÃ¡ria Ã  saÃºde, com o objetivo de suprir carÃªncias medicamentosas de suas comunidades e melhorar a qualidade de vida destas.
A JURISDIÃ‡ÃƒO SOB A PERSPECTIVA DE RONALD DWORKIN
Authors: Arakaki Fernanda Franklin Seixas , Mendes AndrÃ©ia Almeida , Cavet Caroline Amadori , CorrÃªa Camila Braga , E Silva Antunes Rosana Maria de Moraes
Published: July 2019

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar a jurisdiÃ§Ã£o sob a perspectiva de Ronald Dworkin (2001; 2007; 2010) que se baseou principalmente nas falhas sob a Ã³tica positivista. Nesse sentido, tratar-se-Ã¡ o presente trabalho das crÃ­ticas propostas por Dworkin, no diÃ¡logo feito entre esse e Hart (1986), principalmente no que toca Ã s concepÃ§Ãµes do modelo teÃ³rico criado por Dworkin que buscou dar uma resposta adequada a interpretaÃ§Ã£o judicial, principalmente sobre os casos difÃ­ceis, partindo da ideia de integridade do direito. Para tanto, serÃ¡ feita uma pesquisa de cunho bibliogrÃ¡fico com revisÃ£o integrativa de literatura a qual se pautarÃ¡ fundamentalmente nas relaÃ§Ãµes entre legalidade e moralidade e a sua implicaÃ§Ã£o na interpretaÃ§Ã£o do direito e da existÃªncia, ou nÃ£o, da discricionariedade judicial.Â Â  Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â
FORÃ‡A DE DESPRENDIMENTO DE FRUTOS DE CAFÃ‰ CONILON NO ESTADO DO ESPÃRITO SANTO
Authors: Souza Gustavo Soares de , Infantini MaurÃ­cio Blanco , Lani JosÃ© AntÃ´nio , Alves Patrick De Oliveira
Published: July 2019

Um dos principais problemas enfrentados pelos produtores rurais de cafÃ© conilon Ã© a falta de mÃ£o de obra, principalmente durante a colheita. A mecanizaÃ§Ã£o da colheita Ã© uma opÃ§Ã£o viÃ¡vel para a falta de mÃ£o de obra e para reduzir o custo. A forÃ§a de desprendimento dos frutos Ã© um dos fatores que influenciam a eficiÃªncia da colheita mecanizada e Ã© influenciada por aspectos genÃ©ticos e de manejo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a forÃ§a de desprendimento dos frutos de cafÃ© conilon de plantas da variedade Robusta Tropical e do clone LB1, visando criar subsÃ­dios para o uso de colhedoras automotrizes. O estudo foi realizado em lavoura comercial em Governador Lindenberg-ES. A forÃ§a de desprendimento dos frutos foi avaliada com um dinamÃ´metro portÃ¡til digital. A forÃ§a de desprendimento dos frutos de cafÃ© conilon reduziu com o aumento do estÃ¡gio de maturaÃ§Ã£o. A variaÃ§Ã£o de forÃ§a de desprendimento entre os frutos verdes e cerejas foi de 2,5 e 1,2 N para a variedade Robusta Tropical e o clone LB1, respectivamente. A forÃ§a de desprendimento dos frutos foi 25% maior nos frutos nÃ£o derriÃ§ados apÃ³s passagem da mÃ¡quina em relaÃ§Ã£o Ã  mÃ©dia da lavoura nÃ£o derriÃ§ada. A forÃ§a de desprendimento dos frutos de conilon varia com o estÃ¡gio de maturaÃ§Ã£o e o material genÃ©tico, indicando a possibilidade de selecionar materiais mais adaptados para o uso de colhedoras automotrizes. A colhedora apresenta potencial de selecionar os frutos com menor forÃ§a de desprendimento.
POR QUE LUHMANN INCOMODA? PRINCIPAIS QUESTÃ•ES SOBRE A TEORIA SOCIOLÃ“GICA DE NIKLAS LUHMANN NA OBRA â€œLA SOCIEDAD COMO SISTEMA DE COMUNICACIÃ“Nâ€ DE OSVALDO DALLERA
Authors: Silva Renan Luiz dos Santos da , Porto Guaraci CorrÃªa
Published: July 2019

Este artigo tem como objeto a anÃ¡lise a teoria sociolÃ³gica de Niklas Luhmann. EstÃ¡ organizado em duas partes. Na primeira sÃ£o estudados os principais tÃ³picos da teoria sociolÃ³gica de Luhmann, de acordo com os princÃ­pios e subdivisÃµes propostos por Osvaldo Dallera em seu livro â€œLa sociedad como sistema de comunicacÃ­onâ€. Na segunda parte o foco Ã© analisar a atualidade do pensamento luhmanniano e suas repercussÃµes nos discursos sociolÃ³gicos e jurÃ­dicos, tentando responder Ã  pergunta sobre por que a teoria construtivista tira da zona de conforto a filosofia e a ontologia clÃ¡ssica, interpelando as estabilidades do pensamento tradicional.
Bioética y desarrollo sostenible: entre el biocentrismo y el antropocentrismo y su sesgo economicista
Authors: Estrada-Cely Gloria Elena , Sánchez-Castillo Verenice , Gómez-Cano Carlos Alberto
Published: July 2019

La actual crisis del desarrollo sostenible en materia de credibilidad y efecto, con notorios impactos de tipo ambiental y cultural, supone una necesaria reflexión desde disciplinas contextuales como la bioética, que permitan rescatar el componente antrópico (racional y emocional) del principio, sin desconocer sus demás componentes estructurales: ambiental y económico, este último con predominio histórico que le han conferido un sesgo economicista a las decisiones tomadas desde este contexto, y que han desdibujado la finalidad del principio como garante de calidad de buena vida futura. Con la investigación, que partió del análisis bibliográfico profundo mediante el uso de referentes generales de la teoría fundamentada, se pretendió identificar la postura filosófica que debería guiar el abordaje del análisis Bioético del Desarrollo Sostenible, ubicándola en el antropocentrismo débil o humanismos, desde donde se rescata la importancia de la especie humana sin desconocimiento del deber moral de consideración de las demás formas de vida que pueblan el planeta, y la necesidad de su preservación futura en condiciones de bienestar.
Utilização da simulação de Monte Carlo na gestão de estoques para empresas farmacêuticas
Authors: Lopes Rodrigo Campos , Mendes Alcindo Cipriano Argolo , Lunkes Rogério João , Costa Gabriel Donadio
Published: July 2019

Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo é aplicar a Simulação de Monte Carlo (SMC) para o gerenciamento dos estoques em uma farmácia de pequeno porte.

Metodologia: Com características de pesquisas exploratória e descritiva, a presente pesquisa utilizou-se de dados reais coletados em uma farmácia de pequeno porte, e com participação do gestor e farmacêutico. Foram selecionados 22 medicamentos considerados de alta rotatividade, para o teste de modelagem. Em seguida observou-se a demanda diária por 22 dias úteis e consecutivos, para determinação dos parâmetros do modelo a ser utilizado. Para a modelagem foi utilizado a técnica de Simulação de Monte Carlo (SMC), proposta por Corrar e Theóphilo (2004).

Resultados: O modelo se mostrou aplicável e de fácil utilização por parte dos gestores. Nos exemplos de análise, do medicamento DRAMIN foi possível verificar que o aumento de estoque mínimo de 60 unidades para 100 unidades elevaria o índice de atendimento de 87% para 92,3%. Também se observou na unidade de análise que alguns medicamentos, como no caso do DORFLEX poderiam ter seus estoques reduzidos em mais de 300% que seria mantida a mesma eficiência em relação ao atendimento da demanda.

Contribuições do estudo: O presente trabalho contribui com a literatura de controles gerenciais, apontando técnicas de pesquisa operacional para gerenciamento de estoques. Além disso, traz uma valiosa contribuição para pequenas empresas do setor farmacêutico, auxiliando-as na utilização do uso de ferramentas estatísticas simples para melhorar a eficiência do investimento em estoque, e consequente o desempenho financeiro.
An An Assessment of Teaching Idioms at College Level
Authors: Amin Najat Muhammed
Published: July 2019

The present study aims at investigating the presence of teaching idioms at English Department - College of Basic Education syllabi and the methods used in teaching idioms. A test, containing 45 idioms, was given to 40 fourth grade students to investigate their knowledge about idioms acquired through their learning at college. The researcher modified a test based on Vanderniet (2015) and Tran (2003), in which they have focused only on the most frequent idioms. The results of the syllabi analysis showed an unexpected result that only four hours are devoted to the teaching of idioms or any other figurative expressions throughout the whole four academic years at college. Teaching idioms is embedded within the syllabus of four coursebooks, which are: Communication (first grade), Communication (second grade), Culture (third grade) and Translation (third grade). The results of the test coincides with the lack of teaching idioms since, unfortunately, 21% of the students passed the test successfully. The neglect is due partly to the program designers who didn't pay attention to the teaching of the figurative language. Teachers also have a negative role in this avoidance and focusing on the other aspects of languages like grammar in teaching English language.
Impact of Using a 3D Visual Metaphor Serious Game to Teach History-Taking Content to Medical Students: Longitudinal Mixed Methods Pilot Study
Authors: Alyami Hussain , Alawami Mohammed , Lyndon Mataroria , Alyami Mohsen , Coomarasamy Christin , Henning Marcus , Hill Andrew , Sundram Frederick
Published: July 2019

Background

History taking is a key component of clinical practice; however, this skill is often poorly performed by students and doctors.

Objective

The study aimed to determine whether Metaphoria, a 3D serious game (SG), is superior to another electronic medium (PDF text file) in learning the history-taking content of a single organ system (cardiac).

Methods

In 2015, a longitudinal mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative) pilot study was conducted over multiple sampling time points (10 weeks) on a group of undergraduate medical students at The University of Auckland Medical School, New Zealand. Assessors involved in the study were blinded to group allocation. From an initial sample of 83, a total of 46 medical students were recruited. Participants were assigned to either a PDF group (n=19) or a game group (n=27). In total, 1 participant left the PDF group after allocation was revealed and was excluded. A total of 24 students in the game group and 14 students in the PDF group completed follow-up 7 weeks later. Using an iterative design process for over a year, with input from a variety of clinical disciplines, a cardiac history-taking game and PDF file were designed and informed by Cognitive Load Theory. Each group completed its intervention in 40 min. A total of 3 levels of Kirkpatrick training evaluation model were examined using validated questionnaires: affective (perception and satisfaction), cognitive (knowledge gains and cognitive load), and behavioral attitudes (Objective Structured Clinical Exam) as well as qualitative assessment. A priori hypotheses were formulated before data collection.

Results

Compared with baseline, both groups showed significant improvement in knowledge and self-efficacy longitudinally (P<.001). Apart from the game group having a statistically significant difference in terms of satisfaction (P<.001), there were no significant differences between groups in knowledge gain, self-efficacy, cognitive load, ease of use, acceptability, or objective structured clinical examination scores. However, qualitative findings indicated that the game was more engaging and enjoyable, and it served as a visual aid compared with the PDF file.

Conclusions

Students favored learning through utilization of an SG with regard to cardiac history taking. This may be relevant to other areas of medicine, and this highlights the importance of innovative methods of teaching the next generation of medical students.
"Virtual Conversational Character Design for a Behavior simulator in Hospital Environments" (Preprint)
Authors: Carbajal Santiago García , Pipa María , Múgica José Luis
Published: July 2019

UNSTRUCTURED

Emergency waiting room is a place where conflicts raise quite often. Nervous relatives in a hostile, unknown environment force security and medical staff to be ready to deal with some awkward situations. Additionally, it’s been said that the medical interview is the first diagnostic and therapeutic tool, involving both intellectual and emotional skills on the practicing physician’s side. At the same time, seems that there is something mysterious about interviewing that cannot be formalized or taught. In this context, Virtual Conversational Characters (VCCs) are progressively present in most e-learning environments. Here we propose and develop a modular architecture for a VCC based Behavior Simulator to be used as a tool for Conflict Avoidance Training. Our behavior simulators are now being used in hospital environments, where Training Exercises must be easily designed and tested.

We define Training Exercises as labeled, directed graphs that help an instructor in the design of complex Training Situations. In order to increase the perception of talking to a real person, the simulator must deal with a huge number of sentences that a VCC must understand and react to. These sentences are grouped into sets identified with a common label. Labels are then used to trigger changes in the active node of the graph that encodes the current state of the Training Exercise. As a consequence, we need to be able to map every sentence said by the human user into the set it belongs to, doing it in a fast and robust way. In this work we discuss two different existent String Metrics, and compare them to the one we finally use to assess a designed exercise. Based on the similarities found between different sets, the proposed metric gives us valuable information about ill-defined exercises. We also describe the environment in which our programs are being used, and illustrate it with an example.

Initially designed as a tool for the training of the emergency room staff, our software could be of help in many other areas inside the same environment. We are currently exploring the possibility of using it in speech therapy situations
MENTAL ILL-HEALTH AND HEART FAILURE COMORBIDITY
Authors: AHMED MARIAM , MORRISSEY HANA , BALL PATRICK ANTHONY
Published: July 2019

This review aims to understand the co-existence of mental ill-health and heart failure and if this comorbidity affects patient self-care motivation and overall health outcomes. Databases searched were; PubMed®, Google® scholar and Science Direct® for studies related to heart failure, heart failure and mental health, depression and anxiety. Eleven articles were identified and reviewed. There were two studies disagreed with the theory that the mental ill-health and heart failure has disease modification and worsen patient health outcomes, three studies concluded that only anxiety has effect, five studies concluded that both anxiety and depression have effect, six studies concluded that depression only has effect but all eleven stated that more research is required. Recent theories on depression and cardiovascular disease comorbidity and the effect mental ill-health have on medication adherence in heart failure patients was discussed. People with long-term physical illnesses may suffer further complications to their health if they develop mental illness; increasing the cost of their care by an average of 45%, however, in the majority of these cases, the mental issues neither diagnosed nor treated. This review explored the link between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mental ill health; and how comorbidity of the two conditions affects patients’ adherence to therapy behaviour. It was concluded that while the link between mental ill health and heart failure (HF) is recognized, studies that may be used as a basis of evidence to confirm this link are scarce.
A STUDY TO EXPLORE LEARNING STYLE PREFERENCES OF PHARMACY STUDENTS WITH REGARD TO PHARMACEUTICAL CALCULATIONS
Authors: WARA BAHTA , DALY JAN , MORRISSEY HANA , BALL PATRICK
Published: July 2019

Objective: Pharmaceutical calculations are an essential aspect of learning for pharmacy students in order to avoid drug dose errors and maintain patient safety in future practice. Learning styles influence how lecturers approach the teaching-learning process. So far no specific learning preference is believed to be most appropriate for the pharmacy curricular; however certain learning styles are favoured by students as they improve their understanding of course material, knowledge and performance.

Methods: 148Master of pharmacy participants from the second and third year were given a questionnaire to complete during a compulsory Individual Readiness Assurance Test session. Participants were restricted to just one option.

Results: Workshops with a tutor was the most selected (36%) followed by 25% of participants favouring formative assessments, 28% selected workbooks alone, 37% for whole-class lecturers and videos option was the least selected. Reasons for the most and least preferred learning styles were highlighted and separated into advantages and disadvantages using themes. In the knowledge test; 92% of participants selected “unsure” or “didn’t know” the answer, 29% had a partially correct answer and 19% selected incorrect answers.

The overall order of ranking arose in regards to the most beneficial learning style which enhances performance. The responses revealed a variety of advantages and disadvantages which were reflected between year groups and similar to views obtained from recent literature. Students reflected a lack of understanding on extemporaneous preparation (EPs) terms used in pharmaceutical compounding practices, thus the university should consider addressing the lack of awareness and consider the best teaching-learning style in doing so.

Conclusion: Overall the findings suggested that the sample students have similar views on the learning styles used to deliver pharmaceutical calculations on their academic performance to that expressed by the authors from recent published literature.
RADIOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF ALOE VERA ON HEPATOSOMATIC INDEX OF SWISS ALBINO MICE
Authors: DADUPANTHI PRIYANKA
Published: July 2019

Objective: In the living organisms, deleterious effects produced by ionizing radiations. Human exposure to ionizing radiations increased enormously because of rapid technological advancements. There is a need to protect humans against such effects of ionizing radiation. Protection against the deleterious effects of ionizing radiations by radioprotectors was studied, which may be of great help for human application. Present study was conducted to evaluate the modulating efficacy of prolonged administration of Aloe vera extract against gamma irradiation-induced toxicity in mice.

Methods: Animals were given Aloe vera leaf extract orally 1000 mg/kg body weight/d for 15 consecutive days before radiation exposure (0.5, 3 and 5.5 Gy gamma radiation).

Results: Mice were autopsied at day ¼, 1, 3, 5, 10 and 20 after irradiation to evaluate the radio modulator effect in terms of the hepatosomatic index.

Conclusion: Aloe vera extract has a beneficial protective effect against radiation-induced oxidative stress.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF UV-VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR ANALYSIS OF BOSENTAN IN SPIKED HUMAN PLASMA
Authors: K. BHAVYA SRI , H. MOUNIKA C.
Published: July 2019

Objective: The aim of the present study is to develop and validate a simple, efficient, economical and accurate UV-visible spectrophotometric method for estimation of bosentan in spiked human plasma.

Methods: The analyte was extracted by Liquid-liquid Extraction (LLE) procedure using acetonitrile and chloroform. Absorbance of the analyte in the extract was measured at 270 nm using ethanol as a diluent. The developed method was validated for linearity, accuracy and robustness.

Results: The proposed method was found to be linear in the range of 6 to 18 mg/ml. The correlation coefficient (r2) was found to be 0.99. The results revealed that the linearity, accuracy and robustness of the developed method were within the acceptable range.

Conclusion: The analytical technique presented here demonstrates shorter and easier sample preparation method, decreased analysis time and reduces the need for complicated or expensive equipment. The sample preparation method used in this study can also be further extended to higherend analytical techniques and other biological samples for quantification of bosentan.
NO CENTRO DO IMPASSE: LER E REESCREVER MACHADO DE ASSIS COM ESTUDANTES DO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Vianna Carla Cristiane Martins
Published: July 2019

Por razões várias, a leitura de autores clássicos pelos jovens tem sido questionada na atualidade. Esse artigo pretende refletir sobre o ensino de literatura no Ensino Médio com textos de Machado de Assis a partir da exposição e análise de uma atividade de leitura e escrita literária que resultou em recriações de contos machadianos, mais especificamente, de “Noite de Almirante” (1884) e “Missa do galo” (1894). Para tanto, serão apresentadosos contos machadianos trabalhados, bem como analisadas duas produções textuais dos estudantes. Tais análises serão realizadas à luz de textos teóricos dedicados à questão do letramento literário, trabalho que resulta numa exposição de motivos para que autores como Machado de Assis sejam lidos, discutidos e sirvam de inspiração para o exercício da escrita literária em sala de aula.

Palavras-chave: Leitura literária. Recriação literária. Prática de ensino. Machado de Assis. Letramento literário.

IN THE CENTER OF THE IMPASSE: READING AND REWRITING MACHADO DE ASSIS WITH HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

Abstract - For various reasons, reading classical authors by young people has been questioned. This paper intends to reflect upon literature teaching in High School using Machado de Assis’ works. It presents and analyzes an activity of literary reading and writing that resulted in retellings of Machado’s tales, more specifically, of “Noite de Almirante” (1884) [‘Admiral’s Night’] and “Missa do galo” (1894) [‘Midnight Mass’]. In order to do so, the Machadian short stories are presented, as well as students’ textual productions. Such analyses are carried out in the light of theories dedicated to the issue of literary literacy, which results in an exposition of reasons for reading and discussing authors such as Machado de Assis, who serves as an inspiration for the exercise of literary writing in the classroom.

Keywords: Literary reading. Literary recreation. Teaching practice. Machado de Assis. Literary literacy.
ESTRATÉGIA INFERENCIAL PARA LER O LIVRO ILUSTRADO
Authors: Tavares Márcia
Published: July 2019

De maneira geral a leitura de imagens no livro ilustrado ainda está relacionada à primazia da palavra e aos modos de ler em um conjunto de interdependências entre o texto escrito e as imagens. Para verificar a construção de sentidos advinda dessa relação, apresentamos a análise do livro Lá e aqui (2015), de Carolyna Moreyra, ilustrado por Odilon Moraes. Destacamos, a partir do espaço gráfico e narrativo, uma proposta de leitura permeada pelo uso das estratégias centradas em inferências, e ainda verificamos quais elementos plásticos estão dispostos no projeto gráfico e na composição do diálogo entre texto e imagem. Esses aspectos foram explorados seguindo as diretrizes de Oliveira (2008), que delimita uma primeira leitura estrutural como porta de entrada metodológica para a leitura de imagens. Para o estudo da aplicação das estratégias de inferência, tomamos Girotto e Souza (2011) e utilizamos os pressupostos inseridos na prática de leitura das palavras e na transposição de conceitos para a leitura das ilustrações do livro infantil.

Palavras-chave: Livro ilustrado. Estratégias de leitura. Inferência. Odilon Moraes.

INFERENTIAL STRATEGY TO READ ILLUSTRATED BOOKS

Abstract: Generally, reading images in illustrated books is still related to the primacy of the word and to the ways of reading in a set of interdependencies between the written text and the images. To verify the construction of meanings derived from this relation, an analysis of Carolyna Moreyra's book, Lá e aqui (2015), illustrated by Odilon Moraes, was carried out. From the graphic and narrative spaces, a reading proposal, which includes the use of strategies focused on inferences, was made. Plastic elements which are arranged in the graphic design and the composition of the dialogue between text and image were also checked. These aspects were considered through the guidelines of Oliveira (2008), which sets a first structural reading as the methodological starting point to read images. Girotto and Souza (2011) was the basis for the study of the application of inference; assumptions inserted in the practice of reading words and in the transposition of concepts to read children's book illustrations were also used.

Keywords: Illustrated book. Reading strategies. Inference. Odilon Moraes.