bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monthly streamflow forecasting at varying spatial scales in the Rhine basin
Authors: Schick Simon , Rössler Ole , Weingartner Rolf
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Model output statistics (MOS) methods can be used to empirically relate an environmental variable of interest to predictions from earth system models (ESMs). This variable often belongs to a spatial scale not resolved by the ESM. Here, using the linear model fitted by least squares, we regress monthly mean streamflow of the Rhine River at Lobith and Basel against seasonal predictions of precipitation, surface air temperature, and runoff from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. To address potential effects of a scale mismatch between the ESM's horizontal grid resolution and the hydrological application, the MOS method is further tested with an experiment conducted at the subcatchment scale. This experiment applies the MOS method to 133 additional gauging stations located within the Rhine basin and combines the forecasts from the subcatchments to predict streamflow at Lobith and Basel. In doing so, the MOS method is tested for catchments areas covering 4 orders of magnitude. Using data from the period 1981–2011, the results show that skill, with respect to climatology, is restricted on average to the first month ahead. This result holds for both the predictor combination that mimics the initial conditions and the predictor combinations that additionally include the dynamical seasonal predictions. The latter, however, reduce the mean absolute error of the former in the range of 5 to 12 %, which is consistently reproduced at the subcatchment scale. An additional experiment conducted for 5-day mean streamflow indicates that the dynamical predictions help to reduce uncertainties up to about 20 days ahead, but it also reveals some shortcomings of the present MOS method.
A dimensionless approach for the runoff peak assessment: effects of the rainfall event structure
Authors: Gnecco Ilaria , Palla Anna , La Barbera Paolo
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The present paper proposes a dimensionless analytical
framework to investigate the impact of the rainfall event structure on the
hydrograph peak. To this end a methodology to describe the rainfall event
structure is proposed based on the similarity with the
depth–duration–frequency (DDF) curves. The rainfall input consists of a
constant hyetograph where all the possible outcomes in the sample space of
the rainfall structures can be condensed. Soil abstractions are modelled
using the Soil Conservation Service method and the instantaneous unit
hydrograph theory is undertaken to determine the dimensionless form of the
hydrograph; the two-parameter gamma distribution is selected to test the
proposed methodology. The dimensionless approach is introduced in order to
implement the analytical framework to any study case (i.e. natural
catchment) for which the model assumptions are valid (i.e. linear causative
and time-invariant system). A set of analytical expressions are derived in the case of a constant-intensity hyetograph to assess the maximum runoff peak with
respect to a given rainfall event structure irrespective of the specific
catchment (such as the return period associated with the reference rainfall
event). Looking at the results, the curve of the maximum values of the
runoff peak reveals a local minimum point corresponding to the design
hyetograph derived according to the statistical DDF curve. A specific
catchment application is discussed in order to point out the dimensionless
procedure implications and to provide some numerical examples of the
rainfall structures with respect to observed rainfall events; finally their
effects on the hydrograph peak are examined.
Response of O2 and pH to ENSO in the California Current System in a high-resolution global climate model
Authors: Turi Giuliana , Alexander Michael , Lovenduski Nicole S. , Capotondi Antonietta , Scott James , Stock Charles , Dunne John , John Jasmin , Jacox Michael
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Coastal upwelling systems, such as the California Current System (CalCS),
naturally experience a wide range of O2 concentrations and pH values due
to the seasonality of upwelling. Nonetheless, changes in the El
Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) have been shown to measurably affect the
biogeochemical and physical properties of coastal upwelling regions. In this
study, we use a novel, high-resolution global climate model (GFDL-ESM2.6) to
investigate the influence of warm and cold ENSO events on variations in the
O2 concentration and the pH of the CalCS coastal waters. An assessment of
the CalCS response to six El Niño and seven La Niña events in ESM2.6
reveals significant variations in the response between events. However, these
variations overlay a consistent physical and biogeochemical (O2 and pH)
response in the composite mean. Focusing on the mean response, our results
demonstrate that O2 and pH are affected rather differently in the euphotic
zone above ∼ 100 m. The strongest O2 response reaches up to
several hundreds of kilometers offshore, whereas the pH signal occurs only
within a ∼ 100 km wide band along the coast. By splitting the
changes in O2 and pH into individual physical and biogeochemical
components that are affected by ENSO variability, we found that O2
variability in the surface ocean is primarily driven by changes in surface
temperature that affect the O2 solubility. In contrast, surface pH changes
are predominantly driven by changes in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC),
which in turn is affected by upwelling, explaining the confined nature of the
pH signal close to the coast. Below ∼ 100 m, we find conditions
with anomalously low O2 and pH, and by extension also anomalously low
aragonite saturation, during La Niña. This result is consistent with
findings from previous studies and highlights the stress that the CalCS
ecosystem could periodically undergo in addition to impacts due to climate
change.
Effect of sorbitol on dough rheology and quality of sugar replaced cookies
Authors: Shariati Mohammad Ali , Majeed Majid , Mahmood Muhammad Ahsan , Khan Muhammad Usman , Fazel Mohammad , Pigorev Igor
Published: February 2018

A high amount of sugar is used in bakery products, which may cause diabetes, high blood glucose levels and obesity. Due to these reasons, sugar is being replaced with substitutes. There is different carbohydrate-based sugar substitutes (polyols) that can efficiently replace sugar. Among polyols, sorbitol is an efficient replacer that can mimic sugar with minimal effects on cookie quality. Effects of different sorbitol levels (0 to 12.5%) were seen on the dough rheology. Mixographic studies showed that peak height and mixing time reduced with the addition of sorbitol. Farinographic studies showed that water absorption and the mixing tolerance index of dough reduced with the supplementation of sorbitol, whereas dough development time, arrival time, dough stability time and softening of dough increased. Extensographic studies revealed that sorbitol substitution produced hard, cohesive, adhesive and elastic dough. Sugar in cookies formulations was reduced from 100 to 50% by replacing with sorbitol 0 to 50%. Physical analysis of sorbitol containing cookies showed that the diameter and spread factor of cookies decreased with higher levels of sorbitol, whereas thickness, color, hardness and water activity of cookies increased. The calorific value of cookies decreased with the increasing levels of sorbitol. At upto 20% replacement of sugar, other parameters of cookies were not affected. Sensory evaluation of the cookies showed that hedonic points for sensory evaluation parameters reduced with the increasing levels of sorbitol, T2 (20% replacement) showed maximum overall acceptability.
Antioxidant properties of cumin (Bunium persicum Boiss.) extract and its protective role against abiotic stress tested by microRNA markers
Authors: Ražná Katarí­na , Khasanova Nishonoy , Ivanišová Eva , Qahramon Davranov , Habán Miroslav
Published: February 2018

Bunium persicum Boiss. seeds have been used for medicinal and nutritional properties such as antioxidant, antihelmetic and antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was to to tested protective role of cumin extract against abiotic stress by microRNA markers. Secondary also was to evaluate antioxidant activity as well as total polyphenol, flavonoid and phenolic acid content of cumin extract. We observed that cumin DNA itself has not been damaged by sonication teratment. This protective impact indicates that cumin antioxidant properties can efficiently quench free radicals induced by sonication. On the other side, ultrasound-mediated formation of reactive oxygen species did induce the DNA polymorphism of lettuce samples which was detected by miRNAs-based markers. The range of sonication impact was time-dependent. Markers based of miRNA-DNA sequences has proven to be an effective tool. We have confirmed statistically significant differences (p ≤0.01) in miRNAs markers ability to detect the polymorphism due to sonication treatment.  The antioxidant activity was determined by a method using DPPH radical and phosphomolybdenum method, total polyphenol content with Folin - Ciocalteu reagent, total flavonoid with aluminium-chloride mehod and total phenolic acid with Arnova reagent. Results showed that cumin is rich for biologically active substances and can be used more in different kind of industry as a cheap source of these substances. Antioxidant activity with DPPH method was 1.18 mg TEAC.g-1 (TEAC - Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity per g of sample) and by phosphomolybdenum method 45.23 mg TEAC.g-1. Total polyphenol content achieved value 4.22 mg GAE.g-1 (GAE - gallic acid equivalent per g of sample), total flavonoid content value 10.91 mg QE.g-1 (QE - quercetin equivalent per g of sample) and total phenolic acid content value 5.07 mg CAE.g-1 (CAE - caffeic acid equivalent per g of sample).
Quantitative and qualitative parameters in Acorn squash cultivar in the conditions of the Slovak Republic
Authors: Šlosár Miroslav , Mezeyová Ivana , Hegedűsová Alžbeta , Hegedűs Ondrej
Published: February 2018

The species Cucurbita pepo includes several types of squashes; in Slovak Republic, well-known and oftenly grown squash types are patisson, zucchini, spaghetti squash, oil pumpkin etc. Several interesting squash types of Cucurbita pepo are grown abroad, including Acorn squash which is well-known mainly in USA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the important quantitative (yield per hectare, average fruit weight) and qualitative (total carotenoids, ascorbic acid, antioxidant activity, total soluble solids) yield parameters of Acorn squash fruits in comparison with patisson which is typical squash type of Cucurbita pepo in Slovak Republic. The field trial was realised in Košice-Šaca in 2016. Within experiment, four cultivars of Acorn type pumpkin were tested (Thelma Sanders; Jet Set; Table Gold; Cream of The Crop). The patisson 'Orfeus' was used as a comparative cultivar for evaluation of individual parameters of Acorn type pumpkin cultivars. Matured pumpkin fruits were harvested on the 7th September 2016. From aspect of yield quantity, Acorn cultivars are appeared as very interesting squash type with good yield potential for growing. The highest yield of squash fruits was found in the cultivar 'Cream of The Crop' (17.8 t.ha-1). In mentioned Acorn cultivar, the yield was higher about 87.4% compared to the tested patisson cultivar 'Orfeus' (9.5 t.ha-1). On the contrary, the average weight of squash fruits was reached in patisson cultivar 'Orfeus' (780.7 g). The qualitative parameters of fruits were expressively influenced by squash cultivar. The content of total carotenoids, ascorbic acid and total soluble solids was markedly higher in all Acorn cultivars, compared to the patisson cultivar 'Orfeus'. The highest content of total carotenoids (26.74 mg.kg-1 fresh weight) and ascorbic acid (238.79 mg.kg-1 f. w.) was found in the squash cultivar 'Table Gold'. The highest content of total soluble solids was determined in the cultivar 'Jet Set' (3.8 °Brix). On the contrary, the highest antioxidant activity (DPPH) was found in the patisson cultivar 'Orfeus' (10.80 %). On the basis of obtained results, it is possible to state that Acorn cultivars are very interesting squash type with promising yield potential for possible growing in conditions of Slovak Republic. In addition, Acorn squashes were expressed by higher content of several nutritional parameters compared to the typical squash type - patisson. Thus, these squashes could be an interesting vegetable for human nutrition.
The effect of UV-C irradiation on grape juice turbidity, sensoric properties and microbial count
Authors: Czako Peter , Zajác Peter , Čapla Jozef , Vietoris Vladimí­r , Maršálková Lenka , Čurlej Jozef , Belej Ľubomí­r , Golian Jozef , Benešová Lucia , Martišová Patrí­cia
Published: February 2018

In this work, we investigated the effect of UV-C radiation (254 nm) on turbidity, microbial count and sensoric properties of the grape juices treated or not treated with sulphur dioxide. The UV-C radiation is considered to be germicidal against microorganisms. This technology is routinely used to treat drinking water. Application of this method for the purpose of treating the wine was tested in few studies. These studies have shown a positive effect on the inactivation of microorganisms, but they not dealt in detail with the sensory properties of grape juice after the treatment. The main idea of using this method appears to eliminate the sulphur dioxide from wine making technology. There are people who have a genuine allergy to sulfites, and these allergies are often linked with asthma. These people have an rapid onset of symptoms when drinking liquids like wine treated with sulphur dioxide. In our work we have found that the application of this method of treating the grape juice is problematic. Intensity of UV-C radiation increases the turbidity of grape juices. This effect was observed in all grape juices with or without addition of sulphur dioxide and also in clarified or not clarified grape juices. We found that UV-C radiation negatively affect the sensory properties of grape juices. This effect was more pronounced in grape juices treated with SO2. The smell and taste were significantly negatively changed. Exposure of grape juice treated with sulphur dioxide to UV-C radiation can probably lead to arising the sulphur compounds, which affects the smell and taste of grape juices. Also, it is very likely that the negative change in taste and smell may affect the quality of produced wines. For this purpose, we do not recommend to use UV-C treatment for the grape juice treatment. It will be interesting to conduct a detailed analysis of the grape juices composition before and after UV-C radiation treatment.
El problema de Dios en la filosofía de Kant
Authors: González Torres Julián
Published: February 2018

The theme of God has been massively discussed throughout the Occidental philosophical tradition. In that sense, the main philosophers have faced this complex question. In this essay, the author explores the philosophical thought of Immanuel Kant on the problem of God, in order to explore his answers.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 104, 2005: 269-314
El siglo XX, según Eric Hobsbawm. Una crítica y una interpretación alternativa
Authors: Ribera Ricardo
Published: February 2018

The British Historian, Eric Hobsbawm, described the 20th. century as a "short century", that begun with the I World War and ended when the Wall of Berlín was turned down into pieces. The author criticises the optimistic approach of Hobsbawm, as a result of a Eurocentric post-Cold War mentality.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 105, 2005: 427-433
América Latina: de la independencia de España a la crisis de 1929-30
Authors: González Luis Armando
Published: February 2018

The following essay outlines the main features of the historical period that ranges from the independence to the 1929-30 crisis in Latin America.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 105, 2005: 375-398
Short communication: Genetic parameters for post-weaning visual scores and reproductive traits in Suffolk sheep
Authors: Portes Juliana V. , Somavilla Adriana L. , Grion André L. , Dias Laila T. , Teixeira Rodrigo A.
Published: February 2018

The aim of this study was to estimate the coefficients of heritability and genetic correlations among visual scores (conformation, CPW; precocity, PPW; musculature, MPW) and reproductive traits: age at first lambing (AFL) and scrotal circumference (SC) evaluated at 180 days of age in Suffolk lambs. In the statistical model only the additive genetic effect was considered as random effect. The heritability estimates by univariate analyses for CPW, PPW, MPW, AFL and SC were 0.08, 0.12, 0.09, 0.20 and 0.22, respectively. The genetic correlations among AFL and CPW, PPW, MPW were -0.26, 0.19, and 0.08, respectively. The genetic correlation among SC and CPW, PPW, MPW were, respectively, 0.54, 0.88 and 0.86, and between AFL and SC was 0.26. The direct selection for conformation, precocity and musculature at 180 days of age and age at first lambing will provide slow genetic progress due to low heritability estimates. It is possible to obtain genetic gain in sexual precocity through selection on scrotal circumference in Suffolk rams. The favorable genetic correlation among visual scores and SC and between CPW and AFL, indicated the possibility to gain in genetic progress for reproductive traits through indirect selection of the visual scores in Suffolk sheep.
Farmers’ willingness to pay for surface water in the West Mitidja irrigated perimeter, northern Algeria
Authors: Azzi Malika , Calatrava Javier , Bedrani Slimane
Published: February 2018

Algeria is among the most water-stressed countries in the world. Because of its climatic conditions, irrigation is essential for agricultural production. Water prices paid by farmers in public irrigation districts are very low and do not cover the operation and maintenance (O&M) costs of the irrigated perimeters, thus leading to the deterioration of these infrastructures. The objective of this paper is to analyse whether farmer’s in the West Mitidja irrigation district in northern Algeria would be willing to pay more for surface water in order to maintain the water supply service in its current conditions. We estimated farmers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for water using data from a dichotomous choice contingent valuation survey to 112 randomly selected farmers. Farmers’ responses were modelled using logistic regression techniques. We also analysed which technical, structural, social and economic characteristics of farms and farmers explain the differences in WTP. Our results showed that nearly 80% of the surveyed farmers are willing to pay an extra price for irrigation water. The average WTP was 64% greater than the price currently paid by farmers, suggesting some scope for improving the financial resources of the Mitidja irrigated perimeter, but insufficient to cover all O&M costs. Some of the key identified factors that affect WTP for surface water relate to farm ownership, access to groundwater resources, cropping patterns, farmers’ agricultural training and risk exposure.
The effect of coarse-droplet spraying with double flat fan air induction nozzle and spray volume adjustment model on the efficiency of fungicides and residues in processing tomato
Authors: Ratajkiewicz Henryk , Kierzek Roman , Raczkowski Michał , Hołodyńska-Kulas Agnieszka , Łacka Agnieszka , Szulc Tomasz
Published: February 2018

The study was conducted for the purpose of improving the application of fungicides against potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary) (PLB) in processing tomato. The usability of coarse spray quality with double flat fan air induction IDKT12003 nozzle and the impact of fixed and variable spray volume and adjuvants during alternate application of azoxystrobin and chlorothalonil were analysed on the basis of plant infestation and fungicide residues. The variable spray volume was calculated based on the number of leaves on a plant. The study was conducted during three vegetation seasons. Spraying of plants with significantly flattened canopies during the peak of the fructification season using an IDKT12003 nozzle was as effective as in the case of fine spraying performed with an XR11003 nozzle and facilitated the increase of fungicides residue. In the case of plants with high-spreading canopy at the beginning of fructification, XR11003 nozzle favoured the reduction of PLB infestation. Both spray volume adjustment systems enabled the same level of protection of tomato against PLB, which could result from alternate application of systemic and contact fungicides. Polyalkyleneoxide modified heptamethyltrisiloxane adjuvant, which causes siginificant increase in wetting and droplet spreading, facilitated the reduction of tomato PLB infestation during the application of fungicides using an IDKT12003 nozzle.
Teaching Mathematics Bilingually for Kindergarten Students with Teaching Aids Based on Local Wisdom
Authors: Ambarini Ririn , Setyaji Arso , Suneki Sri
Published: February 2018

Language and Mathematics are both skills and knowledge that need to master well so that it can be the provision for students’ future life when mingling with the community or society. Because of that the integration of teaching both language and Mathematics in bilingual Math learning will give many benefits to the students. They will learn not only how to interact with others by improving their communication skills but also how to develop their Math concepts and skills. Moreover students will also get lots of advantages by learning Mathematics bilingually. This study aimed to find out the development of the students’ English for Math ability in numbers and number sense in which the process of teaching learning is equipped with teaching aids based on local wisdom. The participants were 30 kindergarten students. The study used descriptive qualitative method and the results revealed that the teaching learning activities with teaching aids designed based on local wisdom have a significant effect on the development of both kindergarten students’ performance in English for Math activities and their love toward the local products found in their surrounding environment.
Comparative Survey of Various Approaches of the Laws & Regulations in relation to Electronic Signatures & Security thereof
Authors: Bakhtiarifar Ghasem , Savrai Parviz
Published: February 2018

Signatures are a significant part of the legal, commercial and even artistic personality and credibility of individuals and their existence is essential for validating not only the most important international documents but even a simple greeting card. A signature on a document, is the most significant evidence for attributing its contents to the signatory, indicating the acknowledgement and acceptance of the contents of the document by the parties who signed it with their knowledge and consent. For this reason, security of this process is of utmost importance and entry of such process in the electronic and digital space, makes it twice as much important.Due to this, without existence of the necessary security infrastructures in the digital space, there is no possibility of providing electronic services, because without availability of the technologies required for validating and regulating the electronic documents, electronic signatures cannot be trusted.The requirement of legislation along with these technologies for providing this security, is one of the most effective factors for realization of this subject, since in other words, proper application and implementation of such technologies is subject to enactment of some statutes related to this issue.Therefore, in this research, considering the importance of the part of definitions, recognition of the title and its effect on the most careful study on approaches and differences of legal systems in this regard, we first review and describe the electronic signature in various legal systems. Subsequently, the paper progresses to explain different approaches of such systems towards the issue of security of the electronic signatures. After reviewing relevant laws in different countries including the United States, France and Iran, we designate an appropriate approach regarding the security issue in the electronic signature space.
Explaining Education-to-Work Transitions: Thinking Backwards, Situating Agency and Comparing Countries
Authors: Roberts Ken
Published: February 2018

This paper argues that explanations must start at the end of young people’s education-to-work transitions, with employers’ recruitment behaviour and preferences, which then govern the content of and recruitment to preceding education and training. Young people themselves exercise agency: this propels their careers forward biographically, but necessarily consolidates opportunity structures (variously called routes, pathways or trajectories) that have been pre-built from above. It is also argued that ultimately the transition regime in every country, and sometimes in each region and business sector, needs to be treated as a unique case study. However, these regimes can be divided into recognisable types which are most easily identified by starting in an economy and its labour markets. Finally, it follows that attempts which start in earlier life, prior to young people entering the labour market, to modify links between social origins and occupational destinations will invariably fail. Effective interventions can be envisaged only by starting at the end of young people’s transitions, then thinking backwards.
Effect of Fe, Ni, and Cr on the corrosion behaviour of hyper-eutectic Al-Si automotive alloy under different pH conditions
Authors: Kaiser Mohammad Salim , Al Nur Maglub
Published: February 2018

Effect of Fe, Ni and Cr on the corrosion behaviour of hyper-eutectic Al-Si automotive alloy was studied. The test of corrosion behaviour at different environmental pH 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 was performed using conventional gravimetric measurements and complemented by resistivity, optical micrograph, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray analyser (EDX) investigations. The highest corrosion rate was observed at pH 13 followed by pH 1, while in the pH range of 3.0 to 11, there is a high protection of surface due to formation of stable surface oxide film. The highest corrosion rate at pH 13 is due to presence of sodium hydroxide in the solution in which the surface oxide film is soluble. At pH 1, however, high corrosion rate can be attributed to dissolution of Al due to the surface attack by aggressive chloride ions. Presence of Fe, Ni and Cr in hyper-eutectic Al-Si automotive alloy has significant effect on the corrosion rate at both environmental pH values. Resistivity of alloy surfaces initially decreases at pH 1 and pH 13 due to formation of thin films. The SEM images of corroded samples immersed in pH 1 solution clearly show pores due to uniform degradation of the alloy. In pH 13 solution, however, the corrosion layer looks more packed and impermeable.
Exploratory Assessment of the Factors of Personality Trait of Mathematics Teacher’s that Effects on the Academic Achievements: A Statistical Surveyed Approach
Authors: Devi Shila , Wahab Zaira , Siddiqui Afaq Ahmed
Published: February 2018

The interaction between teachers and students is one of the aspect that helps the students in their career grooming because teacher's personality and their behavior is responsible for his/her effectiveness in the teaching and plays an important role in learning process in terms of achievement and success in the classroom as well as in their entire life. It has been proved that the personality factors such as extraversion, conscientiousness, openness to experience, neuroticism and agreeableness are the key characteristics of teachers’ personality and behavior. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of teachers’ personality on students’ academic achievement particularly in mathematics subject. In order to pursue the objectives of the study, researcher used quantitative paradigm. Researcher adopted the survey research design for collection of quantitative data. In this way, Big Five Inventory (BFI) is used to identify the teacher’s personality type. This inventory comprised of forty statements about big five personality traits (eight statements about each personality trait). Moreover, the quantitative data is also collected from students’ midterm examination results from the chosen schools. A total of fifty seven public schools and forty five private schools were selected through stratified random sampling technique. The participants of the study comprised of public and private sector elementary 6th -8thgrade school teachers of Karachi, Pakistan. The reliability of the data is found to be around 0.7 of each construct in both sets of data. An independent t test was used to analyze the difference in responses of public and private school teachers. The significance value (P-value) of this indicates that there is statistically significant difference among responses of public and private school teacher’s responses regarding their personality styles that affect the academic achievement of the students. Furthermore, for an inside study a multivariate statistical tool “Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA)” was used to explore and identify the most important factor in the data. Finally, four factors emerged in the data. The factors emerged in both of sets of data indicates that combination of Agreeable and Conscientious are the most important personality style of teachers that may affect the academic achievement of students.
Contribución de la sociología en la formación docente. Un ejercicio de intervención en México
Authors: Loubet Orozco Roxana
Published: February 2018

Este artículo presenta un estudio exploratorio y cualitativo que tuvo como objetivo identificar la construcción de una reflexión social y crítica acerca de la función social del fenómeno educativo mediante un Seminario de Sociología de la Educación como estrategia de intervención. Para el análisis se utilizaron los textos producidos antes y después  de la intervención. Los participantes fueron estudiantes de la licenciatura en Sociología, que al mismo tiempo, en su mayoría, eran docentes o tenían experiencia en esta actividad. En síntesis, se observó la importancia del estudio intencionado de la educación como fenómeno social para que se pueda percibir como tal; además, que la reflexión crítica emerge cuando el estudio y la comprensión de las aportaciones teóricas se conjuga con la práctica docente.
José Saturnino Martínez García (2017). La equidad y la educación
Authors: Bolívar Botía Antonio
Published: February 2018

Se trata de la Reseña de un libro, que no tiene Abstract
Learner-Centered Teaching and Teaching Statistics in Social Sciences
Authors: Fernández Celestino , Rivas Ricardo
Published: February 2018

Este ensayo revisa críticamente los principios centrales del enfoque de enseñanza centrada en el quien aprende. Para esto, nos centramos en la estadística como contenido educacional para estudiantes de educación superior en el área de ciencias sociales. Este contenido fue escogido porque en general se trata de un contenido altamente estructurado, lo que nos hace suponer que emplear aprendizaje activo es más difícil. En este artículo revisamos diferentes contribuciones teóricas y empíricas al enfoque de enseñanza centrada en quien aprende aplicado a la enseñanza de la estadística en las ciencias sociales presentando algunos ejemplos del campo de la sociología. Finalmente, entregamos una propuesta de un breve marco teórico y algunas preguntas de investigación parar futuras investigaciones en esta área.
Modulation of transcriptional activity in brain lower grade glioma by alternative splicing
Authors: Li Jin , Wang Yang , Meng Xianglian , Liang Hong
Published: February 2018

Proteins that modify the activity of transcription factor (TF), often called modulators, play a vital role in gene transcriptional regulation. Alternative splicing is a critical step of gene processing and it can modulate gene function by adding or removing certain protein domains, and therefore influences the activity of a protein. The objective of this study is to investigate the role of alternative splicing in modulating the transcriptional regulation in brain lower grade glioma (LGG), especially transcription factor ELK1, which is closely related to various diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease and down syndrome. Results showed that changes in the exon inclusion ratio of proteins APP and STK16 are associated with changes in the expression correlation between ELK1 and its targets. Meanwhile, the structural features of the two modulators are strongly associated with the pathological impact of exon inclusion. Our analysis suggests, protein in different splicing level could play different functions on transcription factors, hence induces multiple genes dysregulation.
Citizen science data suggest a novel rig improves landing rate and reduces injury and handling time in recreational angling with artificial lures in Baltic pike (Esox lucius)
Authors: Bursell Jens Jakob , Arlinghaus Robert
Published: February 2018

The optimal terminal gear in hook-and-line recreational fishing maximizes landing rates and minimizes injury to the fish because some fish will be released after capture. We designed a novel rig configuration in artificial lure fishing for top predators and examined its effectiveness in angling for Baltic northern pike (Esox lucius ) using a citizen science approach based on observational data collected from volunteer anglers in the field. The novel rig included two changes to traditional rig designs common to artificial lure angling. First, the hooks were mounted in a way that eliminates lever-arm effects from the lure to the hooks once a fish is hooked. Second, the hook sizes used on the novel rig were 4-5 hook sizes smaller than on traditional lures. We analysed observational data collected by volunteer anglers using either the novel rig or a standard rig mount in two types of artificial lures (softbait and hardbait) of the same size (about 17 cm). Using N = 768 pike contacts as input data, we show the landing rates of pike targeted with artificial lures significantly and substantially increased from 45 % with normal-rigs to 85 % when the same lure types were fished with the novel rig configuration. Lure type and water temperature had no effects on landing rates. Moreover, hardbaits on normal-rigs produced significantly more injury, bleeding and elevated unhooking time compared to fish captured on hardbaits with release-rigs. We conclude that simple changes to traditional hook mounts in lure fishing may benefit both anglers and the fishes that are to be released and that citizen science projects with volunteer anglers are able to provide good data in proof-of-concept studies. Further experimental study is needed to differentiate hook size from hook mount effects because both variables were confounded in the results of the observational data presented here.
Internal amino acid state modulates yeast taste neurons to support protein homeostasis in Drosophila
Authors: Steck Kathrin , Walker Samuel J , Itskov Pavel M , Baltazar Célia , Moreira José-Maria , Ribeiro Carlos
Published: February 2018

To optimize fitness, animals must dynamically match food choices to their current needs. For drosophilids, yeast fulfills most dietary protein and micronutrient requirements. While several yeast metabolites activate known gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs) in Drosophila melanogaster, the chemosensory channels mediating yeast feeding remain unknown. Here we identify a class of proboscis GRNs required for yeast intake. Within this class, taste peg GRNs are specifically required to sustain yeast feeding. Sensillar GRNs, however, mediate feeding initiation. Furthermore, the response of yeast GRNs, but not sweet GRNs, is enhanced following deprivation from amino acids, providing a potential basis for protein-specific appetite. Although nutritional and reproductive states synergistically increase yeast appetite, reproductive state acts independently of nutritional state, modulating processing downstream of GRNs. Together, these results suggest that different internal states act at distinct levels of a dedicated gustatory circuit to elicit nutrient-specific appetites towards a complex, ecologically relevant protein source.
Integrative and distinctive coding of visual and conceptual object features in the ventral visual stream
Authors: Martin Chris B , Douglas Danielle , Newsome Rachel N , Man Louisa LY , Barense Morgan D
Published: February 2018

A significant body of research in cognitive neuroscience is aimed at understanding how object concepts are represented in the human brain. However, it remains unknown whether and where the visual and abstract conceptual features that define an object concept are integrated. We addressed this issue by comparing the neural pattern similarities among object-evoked fMRI responses with behavior-based models that independently captured the visual and conceptual similarities among these stimuli. Our results revealed evidence for distinctive coding of visual features in lateral occipital cortex, and conceptual features in the temporal pole and parahippocampal cortex. By contrast, we found evidence for integrative coding of visual and conceptual object features in perirhinal cortex. The neuroanatomical specificity of this effect was highlighted by results from a searchlight analysis. Taken together, our findings suggest that perirhinal cortex uniquely supports the representation of fully specified object concepts through the integration of their visual and conceptual features.
Gq activity- and β-arrestin-1 scaffolding-mediated ADGRG2/CFTR coupling are required for male fertility
Authors: Zhang Dao-Lai , Sun Yu-Jing , Ma Ming-Liang , Wang Yi-jing , Lin Hui , Li Rui-Rui , Liang Zong-Lai , Gao Yuan , Yang Zhao , He Dong-Fang , Lin Amy , Mo Hui , Lu Yu-Jing , Li Meng-Jing , Kong Wei , Chung Ka Young , Yi Fan , Li Jian-Yuan , Qin Ying-Ying , Li Jingxin , Thomsen Alex R B , Kahsai Alem W , Chen Zi-Jiang , Xu Zhi-Gang , Liu Mingyao , Li Dali , Yu Xiao , Sun Jin-Peng
Published: February 2018

Luminal fluid reabsorption plays a fundamental role in male fertility. We demonstrated that the ubiquitous GPCR signaling proteins Gq and β-arrestin-1 are essential for fluid reabsorption because they mediate coupling between an orphan receptor ADGRG2 (GPR64) and the ion channel CFTR. A reduction in protein level or deficiency of ADGRG2, Gq or β-arrestin-1 in a mouse model led to an imbalance in pH homeostasis in the efferent ductules due to decreased constitutive CFTR currents. Efferent ductule dysfunction was rescued by the specific activation of another GPCR, AGTR2. Further mechanistic analysis revealed that β-arrestin-1 acts as a scaffold for ADGRG2/CFTR complex formation in apical membranes, whereas specific residues of ADGRG2 confer coupling specificity for different G protein subtypes, this specificity is critical for male fertility. Therefore, manipulation of the signaling components of the ADGRG2-Gq/β-arrestin-1/CFTR complex by small molecules may be an effective therapeutic strategy for male infertility.
Turismo de Segundas residências no litoral sul do Brasil: uma discussão sobre seu dimensionamento e relevância para a atividade turística contemporânea
Authors: Abrahão Cinthia Sena , Tomazzoni Edegar Luis
Published: February 2018

O objetivo deste artigo consiste em analisar a dimensão da segunda residência turística litorânea na região Sul do Brasil, considerando a premissa de que esse fenômeno persiste relevante no âmbito da atividade turística, tanto em nível internacional, como nacional. Compreende-se a segunda residência como uma tipologia não hoteleira de hospedagem turística, na qual existe um vínculo permanente, mas cuja permanência não exceda ao período de um ano. Aspecto particular refere-se à sua vinculação com as atividades de construção civil, bem como do mercado imobiliário. Problematiza-se a relativa invisibilidade do fenômeno da segunda residência nas bases de dados que subsidiam a elaboração das políticas públicas e ações relativas ao turismo, tanto no âmbito nacional, como nos estados. Em termos de metodologia, a abordagem do tema nesse recorte foi quantitativa e de caráter exploratório. A perspectiva exploratória guiou a revisão bibliográfica, com vistas a compreender a política pública de desenvolvimento turístico e suas prioridades, bem como discutir o fenômeno da segunda residência turística e a forma pela qual tem sido abordado. A análise dos dados secundários envolveu coleta, sistematização e interpretação, tendo em vista explicitar a participação e o crescimento do volume de segundas residências litorâneas. Os dados foram coletados, exclusivamente, para os municípios litorâneos, dos três estados da região sul brasileira nas bases do IBGE. Em seguida foram analisados em processo comparativo dados relativos ao mapa do turismo, no qual os destinos turísticos são classificados. Os resultados reiteram que a desconsideração desses fluxos e dessas dinâmicas territoriais no âmbito da política pública de turismo tende a gerar fortes distorções no planejamento, na sua implementação e nos resultados que poderão ser obtidos. Entende-se que sua apreensão, no entanto, requer um esforço de levantamento, sistematização e análise estatística distinto daquele que deve ser empreendido para mensurar os fluxos econômicos advindos dos estabelecimentos empresariais relacionados a hospedagem.
A Stochastic Framework for Modeling the Population Dynamics of Convective Clouds
Authors: Hagos Samson , Feng Zhe , Plant Robert S. , Houze Robert A. , Xiao Heng
Published: February 2018

A stochastic prognostic framework for modeling the population dynamics of convective clouds and representing them in climate models is proposed. The framework follows the nonequilibrium statistical mechanical approach to constructing a master equation for representing the evolution of the number of convective cells of a specific size and their associated cloud‐base mass flux, given a large‐scale forcing. In this framework, referred to as STOchastic framework for Modeling Population dynamics of convective clouds (STOMP), the evolution of convective cell size is predicted from three key characteristics of convective cells: (i) the probability of growth, (ii) the probability of decay, and (iii) the cloud‐base mass flux. STOMP models are constructed and evaluated against CPOL radar observations at Darwin and convection permitting model (CPM) simulations. Multiple models are constructed under various assumptions regarding these three key parameters and the realisms of these models are evaluated. It is shown that in a model where convective plumes prefer to aggregate spatially and the cloud‐base mass flux is a nonlinear function of convective cell area, the mass flux manifests a recharge‐discharge behavior under steady forcing. Such a model also produces observed behavior of convective cell populations and CPM simulated cloud‐base mass flux variability under diurnally varying forcing. In addition to its use in developing understanding of convection processes and the controls on convective cell size distributions, this modeling framework is also designed to serve as a nonequilibrium closure formulations for spectral mass flux parameterizations.
The Sensitivity of Numerical Simulations of Cloud‐Topped Boundary Layers to Cross‐Grid Flow
Authors: Wyant Matthew C. , Bretherton Christopher S. , Blossey Peter N.
Published: February 2018

In mesoscale and global atmospheric simulations with large horizontal domains, strong horizontal flow across the grid is often unavoidable, but its effects on cloud‐topped boundary layers have received comparatively little study. Here the effects of cross‐grid flow on large‐eddy simulations of stratocumulus and trade‐cumulus marine boundary layers are studied across a range of grid resolutions (horizontal × vertical) between 500 m × 20 m and 35 m × 5 m. Three cases are simulated: DYCOMS nocturnal stratocumulus, BOMEX trade cumulus, and a GCSS stratocumulus‐to‐trade cumulus case. Simulations are performed with a stationary grid (with 4–8 m s−1 horizontal winds blowing through the cyclic domain) and a moving grid (equivalent to subtracting off a fixed vertically uniform horizontal wind) approximately matching the mean boundary‐layer wind speed. For stratocumulus clouds, cross‐grid flow produces two primary effects on stratocumulus clouds: a filtering of fine‐scale resolved turbulent eddies, which reduces stratocumulus cloud‐top entrainment, and a vertical broadening of the stratocumulus‐top inversion which enhances cloud‐top entrainment. With a coarse (20 m) vertical grid, the former effect dominates and leads to strong increases in cloud cover and LWP, especially as horizontal resolution is coarsened. With a finer (5 m) vertical grid, the latter effect is stronger and leads to small reductions in cloud cover and LWP. For the BOMEX trade cumulus case, cross‐grid flow tends to produce fewer and larger clouds with higher LWP, especially for coarser vertical grid spacing. The results presented are robust to choice of scalar advection scheme and Courant number.
Photogenerated Aldehydes for Protein Patterns on Hydrogels and Guidance of Cell Behavior
Authors: Ming Zunzhen , Fan Jinyan , Bao Chunyan , Xue Yuan , Lin Qiuning , Zhu Linyong
Published: February 2018

The immobilization of proteins to hydrogels is important and plays a significant role to provide suitable biomimetic material as extracellular matrix for cell behavior mediation. This study describes a novel and universal strategy for photopatterning unmodified proteins on hydrogels. The methodology creates photogenerated aldehyde regions within a protein‐resistant hydrogel and then conjugates unmodified proteins by mild imine ligation with spatial, temporal, and dosage control. The relatively stable aldehyde intermediate enables the facile and highly efficient covalent immobilization of proteins by a postfunctionalization methodology and the sequential protein patterns provide an easy access to control the identity and dynamic change of proteins presented to cells on demand, thus mediating cell behaviors. This approach provides important opportunities for understanding and controlling cell behavior mediated by proteins, and opens up new avenues for hydrogels in tissue engineering and biotechnology applications.
Water‐Processable Amphiphilic Low Band Gap Block Copolymer:Fullerene Blend Nanoparticles as Alternative Sustainable Approach for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zappia Stefania , Scavia Guido , Ferretti Anna Maria , Giovanella Umberto , Vohra Varun , Destri Silvia
Published: February 2018

The preparation of water‐processable nanoparticles (NPs) of polymer semiconductors assembled using an amphiphilic rod‐coil block copolymer (BCP), and their application to active layer sustainable fabrication of organic photovoltaic devices are reported. The hydrophobic rod is a p‐type semiconductor, while the hydrophilic coil is a short chain of poly‐4‐vinylpyridine strongly interacting with [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM). Through miniemulsion technique stable water‐suspended blend NPs are obtained, avoiding nonconducting surfactant use. The amphiphilic BCP fulfills a dual function, as surfactant for stabilizing the blend NPs and as electron donor material in the active layer. After mild annealing of obtained films, blend NPs interconnect with each other forming compact and uniform layers with adequate morphology for efficient charge percolation to the electrodes. Space‐charge limited hole mobility of ≈5 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 in BCP‐only NP films annealed at 120 °C (corresponding to a tenfold increase in mobility as compared to the p‐type semiconductor films spin‐coated from chlorinated solvents) indicates strong p–p interactions in the self‐assembled NPs. Blend NPs were covered with thin PC61BM layer and used as active layers in photovoltaic devices displaying high photocurrents (11.5 mA cm−2) and average power conversion efficiency of 2.53% after annealing at 90 °C.