bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Telling Time
Authors: Conroy Renee M.
Published: March 2024

There is a recognized difference between how dancers, dancemakers, and audience members conceive of and experience time in a live dance art performance. What are the implications of this perspectival gap? How do choreographers both reveal and exploit it in their creative products? This chapter outlines basic differences between three forms of ‘danced time’: projective, kinetic, and reflective. These are articulated in terms of visual pacing (from the audience’s perspective), physical pacing (from the dancer’s point of view), and artistic pacing (from the creator’s outlook). It also explores the distinction between ‘danced time’ and ‘clock time’ and develops two concepts focused on perspectival discontinuities: temporal disconnect and temporal dissonance. The nature and artistic importance of these distinctions is analysed by appeal to three danceworks: Daniel Nagrin’s Indeterminate Figure, Merce Cunningham’s Walkaround Time, and Jérôme Bel’s Véronique Doisneau.
Preferred Tempo and Its Relation to Personal and Shared Senses of Time and Temporal Flow
Authors: Henry Molly J. , Kotz Sonja A.
Published: March 2024

One’s personal sense of time stretches and shrinks depending on context, contributing to what is here called ‘temporal flow’, the experience of time’s passing as it passes. This chapter focuses on two dimensions of personal time sense and temporal flow. The first is experiential: can one’s personal sense of time be shared with others? What forms of interpersonal coupling are more or less likely to support shared time sense with another person? In particular, the chapter examines the potential influence of preferred tempo on one’s personal sense of time. It proposes that the likelihood that time senses merge depends on the similarity of the preferred tempo rates of the interacting individuals, as well as the level of coupling experienced by the individuals. The second is methodological: how can personal sense of time be measured and quantified? What are the measurable versus unmeasurable aspects of personal time sense? In addition, the chapter discusses how to develop a neuroscience of shared personal time and temporal flow, and what pitfalls should be avoided while doing so.
Time Through the Magnifying Glass of Slowness
Authors: Joufflineau Coline
Published: March 2024

In recent years, slowness has become a major choreographic trend in Western dance. What are the experiences of time lived by spectators and dancers in slow dances? This chapter focuses on the perception and production of extreme slowness in the work of the French choreographer Myriam Gourfink. Combining the subjective reports of the spectators and cognitive tasks of temporal perception, it appears that slowness induces temporal experiences other than the mere feeling that time passes slowly. On the dancers’ side, the extreme slowness corresponds retrospectively with a very strong contraction of the objective duration of the choreography, and while dancing, the slowness of the movement seems inversely proportional to the internal speeds experienced by the dancers. Reports from spectators and dancers support the idea that time perception is intimately linked to the sense of self and that interoceptive focus plays a major role in changes in time perception.
How Long Is 10 Minutes? Exploring Spatiotemporality With a Group of Musicians and Dancers
Authors: Jensenius Alexander Refsum
Published: March 2024

How does it feel to stand still in silence with others for 10 min at a time? This chapter reports on a study of a small group of musicians and dancers that used standstill as their regular ‘warm-up’ activity over a year of working together. Motion capture data of the sessions reveal that each individual’s quantity of motion remained similar over time, but self-reports indicate that the subjective experience of time and space changed radically. The participants developed a high spatiotemporal sensitivity and reported an increase in well-being after a year of standstill. They also reported that a 10-min standstill helped with the mental preparation before both micromotion and regular performances.
Spontaneous Motor Tempo
Authors: Hammerschmidt David
Published: March 2024

This chapter introduces the reader to the spontaneous motor tempo (SMT), which describes the tempo of self-paced regular and repeated movements. It is typically measured with a finger-tapping paradigm, tapping isochronally at the pace that feels most natural and comfortable in that moment. The SMT plays an important role for perceptual and rhythmic motor behaviours, since it can be regarded as an estimate of the intrinsic timekeeper (i.e. internal clock). In line with this, empirical findings suggest that the SMT speeds up with higher arousal, slows down with age, and fluctuates over the course of a day, probably reflecting the 24-hr cycle of the biological clock (circadian rhythm). The most important studies that have investigated these factors, along with the potential influence of musical experience, are summarized and discussed within the theoretical frameworks of prevalent models in the psychophysics of time.
An Embodied Perspective on Rhythm in Music–Dance Genres
Authors: Haugen Mari Romarheim
Published: March 2024

The experience of musical rhythm involves the interaction between sonic rhythm and endogenous reference structures, most especially meter. Periodic dance movements and body motions such as foot stamping, head nodding, and body swaying are often considered to be externalizations of those reference structures. This chapter argues that such meter-related body motions fill more than this rather subordinate role—they are the means through which we both learn and shape meter. In other words, musical meter is intrinsically related to motion. The author develops this view via music genres in which music and dance have developed under conditions of mutual influence, or what they have elsewhere labelled music–dance genres. For cultural insiders, the experience of rhythm in music–dance genres derives directly from an existing understanding of the corresponding dance.
Time and Synchronization in Dance Movement
Authors: Burger Birgitta , Toiviainen Petri
Published: March 2024

Humans have the ability to physically synchronize when moving and dancing to music. While synchronization has been extensively studied using finger-tapping paradigms, much less research has tackled whole-body synchronization to music. This chapter summarizes three motion capture studies investigating relationships between music-induced movement synchronization and temporal aspects of the music. The first study examined period locking to different metrical levels and its relations to rhythmic features in the music, whereas in the second, phase locking to different metrical levels in slightly tempo-shifted musical stimuli was investigated. The third study investigated relationships between different movement types and synchronization in individual and joint settings. Results indicate that entrainment to music is a complex phenomenon involving the whole body and depends on various factors, such as musical characteristics, in particular pulse clarity and low-frequency spectral flux, or the social situation.
Unravelling Individual Differences in Synchronizing to the Beat of Music
Authors: Dalla Bella Simone
Published: March 2024

Moving to the beat of music is natural and can be perfected by extensive training. People vary on a continuum in their ability to align their movements to a beat. At one extreme, there are professional dancers and drummers. At the other, so-called poor synchronizers, who display major difficulties in moving to the beat. This condition is found in the general population and is exacerbated by conditions such as Parkinson’s disease and neurodevelopmental disorders. This variability is an invaluable source of information reflecting the internal structure and brain mechanisms underlying beat perception and synchronization. Research on individual differences in beat perception and synchronization is reviewed here. Moreover, the current challenges in pinpointing individual profiles of rhythm capacities in the general population and in patients are highlighted. The use of comprehensive testing tools and recent advances in data sciences hold promise in unravelling the complexity of individual differences in moving to the beat of music.
Expressive Timing in Music and Dance Interactions
Authors: Maes Pieter-Jan , Leman Marc
Published: March 2024

Timing is considered a core ingredient of human interaction in music and dance. This chapter approaches timing from an embodied and dynamic perspective. It starts by outlining a sensorimotor timing mechanism—complementing cognitive-based timing—rooted in the idea that time and timekeeping are phenomena that emerge from ongoing sensorimotor processes and interactions within our environment. Basically, sound and (dance) movement contain time-varying cues and patterns that may be used to regulate timing. Where this mechanism typically considers timing on shorter timescales (e.g. on the level of the musical beat), the authors express the need to further incorporate larger-scale temporal developments, like expressive arcs, tension bows, and expressive narratives. Within this framework of multiple interdependent timescales in music and dance interaction, the role of sensorimotor and dynamic prediction mechanisms is examined.
Temporal Aspects of Musical Expectancy and Creativity in Improvisation
Authors: Loui Psyche
Published: March 2024

This chapter is about the role that expectation and prediction could play in how the mind conceptualizes creative acts in real time. Drawing from classic work in cognitive science, it develops a multilevel model of musical creativity as a complex system that can be described at computational, algorithmic, and implementation levels, with predictions over different musical timescales at the centre of the complex system. While musical improvisation is a real-time act of creativity, it draws upon a knowledge base of learning, memory, autobiographical experiences, and mental representations. It also examines the relationships between prediction, expectation, creativity, and improvisation, by reviewing evidence from diverse disciplines including human perception and performance, musical information retrieval, human electrophysiology, and structural and functional neuroimaging. As an illustrative case that ties together these diverse lines of evidence, musical improvisation is examined as a set of human activities that flexibly engages multiple capacities of the mind across different timescales.
Experiences of Time in Boring Dance
Authors: Pakes Anna
Published: March 2024

It is difficult to explain what makes some theatre dances boring, even if certain features seem to have a propensity to bore (excessive repetition or slowness, for example). A viewer’s cultural and psychological framework also plays a crucial role: aesthetic preferences and thresholds of endurance shape reactions, including reactions to dance that deliberately tests both. Moreover, an initial bored reaction can be transfigured into interest if the experience of boredom itself reveals something important about time and our relationship to it. This chapter explores the dynamics and limits of this shift, discussing the three levels of boredom identified by Martin Heidegger, the most profound of which (he argues) enables revelation of the fundamental nature of being. The chapter argues both that the situative nature of boredom in the theatre militates against recasting its metaphysical significance in Heideggerian vein, and that residual anxiety about finitude may ground justified resistance to the sustained reflection on duration demanded by some theatre dance.
Evaluating the Psychological Reality of Alternate Temporalities in Contemporary Music
Authors: Noble Jason , Bonin Tanor , Dean Roger , McAdams Stephen
Published: March 2024

Experiences of modulated temporality commonly accompany musical listening, but how music can produce experiences of modulated temporality as it unfolds in real time remains obscure. This chapter discusses psychophysical relationships between ‘real-time’ trajectories of musical/sonic parameters and listeners’ experiences of musical time and timelessness. It reports selected findings from an empirical study focusing on listeners’ responses to two excerpts from Gérard Grisey’s Vortex Temporum, a piece in which the composer deliberately employs different temporalities. This is in keeping with the current volume’s themes of relations between music and temporal experiences, the interplay between objective and subjective senses of time, and, more broadly and speculatively, the psychological models of time as they relate to human perceptual processes and associated states of consciousness.
Performing and Feeling Time in Contemporary Dance
Authors: Daniel Henry , London Justin
Published: March 2024

Henry Daniel, Distinguished Professor in the Faculty of Communications, Art and Technology at Simon Fraser University in British Columbia, Canada, is a choreographer and dance researcher whose work has ranged from the development of interactive technologies for performance to the experience of immigrants, refugees, and displaced persons as expressed in dance. In this chapter he gives his reflections on time and the temporal experience of dance from the perspectives of choreographers/dancemakers, dancers, audience members, and the researchers who study all three. Specifically, (a) thoughts about creating temporal frameworks in music and dance, (b) the special time frame of a dance or musical performance, (c) how the audience’s temporal experience can mirror that of the dancers, (d) the interaction between musical time and dance time, and (e) a cautionary note regarding what psychology and neuroscience can learn from dance, and vice versa.
Music Is a Unique Artform Because of the Temporal Aspect
Authors: Nagano Kent , Wöllner Clemens
Published: March 2024

In this conversation, Kent Nagano offered his views on music and ballet as temporal arts. It took place in March 2022 in the Hamburg opera house, where Nagano is General Music Director and occasionally works with the Hamburg Ballet, directed by John Neumeier, in productions including classical music repertoire that was originally not considered for ballet. Nagano describes the special moment of a performance, and the connection between musicians and audience in time, often leading to experiences of being in a virtual world, which would be particularly true for masterpieces that can tell us about universal human values. Learning to perform music well, he argues, is comparable to learning a craft, and sense of timing is crucial as it shows how we value things. To be on time with other musicians, and more importantly, to ‘be in ensemble’, means fundamentally to open up to other individuals.
‘(Mys)precyson’
Authors: Griffiths Paul
Published: March 2024

‘Who are you?’ baffled Lear asks Kent as Shakespeare’s play draws to its harrowing close. ‘What are you?’ a herald asks Edgar in the same scene. These were key questions of the times. Magistrates abhorred ambiguity or not knowing. They knew what to do when confronted with what in Maidstone were called the ‘undiscovered’: ‘survey’, ‘compute’, ‘particularize’, find out ‘what they be’, be precise. More insistent demands for ‘precyson’ in culture, government, and practice were motivating forces for turning inside. ‘Precyson’ is examined in many walks of life, from the lofty heights of epistemological knowledge to coney-catching pamphlets and weights and measures. This chapter shifts from ‘mysprecyson’ to ‘precyson’ that together in tension reveal a great deal about the nature and aims of governance. ‘Mysprecyson’—disguise, forgery, perjury, counterfeiting, cozening, imperfect weights and measures—damaged civil society, the economy, and good government. Pursuing ‘precyson’ was in effect a permanent condition that defined governance. It was part of a broader precision in overlapping disciplines like surveying, mathematics, law, natural science, medicine, legal protocols, and ideas of credibility, plausibility, and facts. This all resulted in prolific and improved observation, classification, and calculation in laboratories, for instance, workshops, and local government, where the ‘middle sort’ handled affairs. Office holders became more adept at managing accounts, information, and records in and out of office. Case studies reveal them using and fine-tuning administrative skills at work and home that were valuable for offices where in words from by-laws the aim was to be ‘exact’, ‘trewe’, ‘perfect’, and ‘certyn’.
Institutions
Authors: Griffiths Paul
Published: March 2024

England’s first nationwide system of incarceration inside bridewells was set up by Parliament in 1610. The first bridewell opened its doors in London in 1553. The number of towns/cities with bridewells was close to twenty by 1600; around a quarter of counties also had one by then. Bridewells changed penal practices and cultures for good. They pioneered custodial sentencing and reforming offenders and were significant for the steady fall in punishing petty crime outside and the development of ‘private’ punishment/whipping. This chapter follows the spread of bridewells across England, paying close attention to their administrative and financial problems. It examines their size, costs, and upkeep, along with conditions inside them, including the performance of staff and keepers, food and board, health, hygiene, corruption, and disorders and resistance. Prisoners and offences are quantified and categorized, and lengths of sentence are measured and broken down by crime. ‘Lunatiques’ are included, but the indiscriminate ‘great confinement of the poor’ that Foucault sees was not present here. Bridewells were intended to take care of the marginal and troublesome poor, petty crime, and family breakdowns. The question of effectiveness lingers and this chapter reconsiders the terms through which we evaluate bridewells. They became indispensable for local government and were embedded in social welfare/discipline schemes, legal/penal systems, and local economies and societies. Bridewells affected the lives of countless thousands on the lowest rungs of social ladders. Whether operating around households or the margins of poor relief, they became key tools in governing apparatus.
The Harms of Internal Displacement beyond Human Rights Violations
Authors: Amantini Laura Santi
Published: March 2024

Political philosophers exploring the ethics of internal displacement might be inclined to over-rely on the 1998 Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement as a starting point for their normative accounts. This chapter aims to show why drawing on the Guiding Principles does not suffice to make sense of the plight of internally displaced people (IDPs), nor to develop a satisfactory philosophical account of what is owed to them. The political philosophy of internal displacement should instead proceed from a theorization of the specific harms of forced displacement. IDPs should be categorized as forced migrants, together with people displaced across borders, rather than as internal victims of human rights violations. Indeed, forced displacement entails a set of distinctive harms, in addition to prior human rights violations and vulnerability to further human rights violations.
Autonomy and Adapting to Change
Authors: Nine Cara
Published: March 2024

This chapter investigates how displacement threatens an individual’s capacity for autonomous agency. It starts by criticizing a central theory in liberal political philosophy that links one’s capacity for autonomy with place: liberal nationalism. However, while liberal nationalism holds that individual autonomy is hindered when one is removed from their cultural homeland, the view fails to identify psychological or cognitive mechanisms that could explain this phenomenon. The chapter then argues that one key cognitive mechanism involved in autonomous agency is the capacity to cope with change. Displacement involves major life-changes and therefore has the potential to overwhelm our capacity to cope. Consequently, it can leave victims of displacement with the symptoms of undermined autonomous agency. An important implication of this argument is that efforts to address the wrongs of internal displacement must, among other things, target the protection and support of cognitive, emotional, and behavioural skills for coping with change.
Healing Trauma, Seeing Victims, and Making Homes
Authors: Wolf Allison B.
Published: March 2024

This chapter focuses on the case of Colombia’s internally displaced population in order to ground the author’s reflections on what justice towards internally displaced persons (IDPs) may entail. The chapter argues that, beyond legal remedies, justice towards IDPs should involve acknowledging and addressing the trauma of their dislocation, where that also involves the state acknowledging the history of displacement in Colombia and its own failures and complicities within this history. Drawing on a range of ethical theories, it highlights the importance of thinking through what rebuilding home involves for the displaced and how central acknowledgement of the harms and wrongs they have suffered—and continue to suffer—is to this process.
The Place Left Behind
Authors: Espejo Paulina Ochoa
Published: March 2024

What is the main harm of forced internal displacement? Some theorists argue that it is the setting back of the displaced person’s interest in their own autonomy. But could the main harm be collective, rather than individual? This chapter uses the case of IDPs and people left behind in the town of Aguililla, Michoacán, Mexico to argue for two claims. The first is that displacement’s chief harm is the collective loss of a network of place-specific obligations that are essential for complex forms of social coordination in a given place. Nor is it only those who leave who suffer this harm: those who remain in spaces abandoned by mass displacement also lose a common world. Second, those left behind may suffer this harm even more than those who go to other places. For mass displacement often leads to the collapse of local material infrastructure, because there are not enough people to sustain it.
Youth Dialogues on Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Checkoway Barry
Published: March 2024

This book examines youth dialogues on race and ethnicity in metropolitan areas that are becoming more segregated and more diverse. It includes content on segregation and diversity, youth dialogues as a process, and the anchor institutions without which this work would be limited. The book draws upon the work of young people and adult allies—of African, Asian, White European, Middle Eastern. and Latin , descent—in metropolitan Detroit, but is written for wider audiences concerned about engaging young people in dialogues across the segregated boundaries that separate them.
Segregation and Diversity
Authors: Checkoway Barry
Published: March 2024

This chapter examines the causes and consequences of segregation and diversity in metropolitan Detroit. The city is at least 80 percent African-American, while the suburbs are at least 85 percent White. For years, the city has been losing employment opportunities, residential development has been largely suburban, disparities have been widening between the city and its suburbs, and inequalities have been increasing in both. Although it is common to explain segregation in terms of “white flight to suburbs and black neighborhoods left behind,” its causes are more complex. “Detroit divided” has been fueled by investment decisions by big builders and mortgage lenders, private institutions and government programs, federal housing and transportation agencies, and social science and mass media, while race and racism have long confounded the urban-suburban situation.
Youth Dialogues on Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Checkoway Barry
Published: March 2024

This chapter examines Youth Dialogues on Race and Ethnicity in Metropolitan Detroit, a program that involves young people—of African, Asian, White European, Middle Eastern, and Latin American descent—in small-group dialogues, metropolitan tours, residential retreats, community action projects, and public policy leadership. Young people communicate and collaborate in projects, which transcend the segregated boundaries that separate them. Young people are learning about their own social identities and those of others who are different from themselves, about how racism and racial privilege affects them and their society, and about ways for them to take collective action in their schools and communities.
Young People as Community Leaders
Authors: Checkoway Barry
Published: March 2024

This chapter features young people who step forward as leaders to plan projects and create change. These leaders participate in the dialogues, form a leadership group, and formulate community-based and statewide strategies for addressing school segregation and diversity learning. Their projects enable them to facilitate community conversations, formulate school curricula, organize civil rights marches and protest demonstrations, and present their ideas to policy makers at local, state, and national levels. Overall, they take collective action in addressing institutional issues that affect their lives. This chapter examines who they are, the issues that concern them, their stages of develop, and the factors that affect their work.
Building Institutional Capacity
Authors: Checkoway Barry
Published: March 2024

This chapter examines the anchor institutions that strengthen and sustain the program over the long haul, namely public schools, community agencies, and the University of Michigan. These anchor institutions play powerful roles in their communities; they invest in their communities, and they depend on residents who depend upon them. They are rooted and remain in their local geographical areas even as conditions change around them. They are employers that help “anchor” the local economy. They provide essential services which they sustain over the long haul, not as one-time events. In the program, they are among the community partners that build capacity in the metropolitan area of which they are part.
Making a World That Does Not Exist
Authors: Checkoway Barry
Published: March 2024

This chapter concludes the book with the guiding question with which it begins, and includes observations about some of its major themes, such as democratic participation, metropolitan areas as units of solution, public schools, youth empowerment, and the prospects for conversations on race American society. Although general conclusions are difficult to draw from exceptional programs, it is their very exceptionalism that makes them so significant, especially in highly segregated areas which are usually known for their problems rather than their strengthens. When young people can communicate and collaborate across the segregated boundaries which separate them, they demonstrate something exceptional, and contribute to “making a world that does not exist.”
The Intellectual
Authors: Hayes Kelly E.
Published: March 2024

The person most responsible for the Valley’s theology and, arguably, its success as a religious movement was Mário Sassi, nicknamed the “Intellectual.” Sassi’s first meeting with Aunt Neiva convinced him that she was a “superbeing” whose “fundamental mission is to prepare us for the future.” Sassi subsequently left his family and career to “bear witness to the Spirit of the Truth” by synthesizing Aunt Neiva’s visionary experiences and forging a comprehensive doctrinal system from the revelations that she claimed to receive from highly evolved entities. To do so, he drew on his own deep knowledge of Spiritist and esoteric literature. Working together as prophetic visionary and interpreter/theologian, the two institutionalized the Valley’s distinctive beliefs and practices and established a gendered model of spiritual labor that continues to structure the ritual work of the community today.
The Journey of the Jaguars
Authors: Hayes Kelly E.
Published: March 2024

To make sense out of Aunt Neiva’s visions and forge an explanatory framework capable of integrating the various pieces into a unified conceptual system, Sassi drew freely from his studies of esoteric and popular spiritual literature. At the center of the doctrine he created was a sweeping epic of progress, decline, and redemption centered on Valley members’ spiritual ancestors, the Jaguars. This chapter examines the mythological story of the Jaguars from their extraterrestrial origins to the present day as documented in Sassi’s writings. It examines the appeal of the story for adherents and considers how the narrative functions more broadly within the Valley’s imagined world.
The Work of Healing
Authors: Hayes Kelly E.
Published: March 2024

This chapter describes the Valley’s healing rituals, which are the primary way that the community interacts with the public and gains new members. Patients bring a wide range of ailments to the Valley, from physical and psychological problems to more diffuse experiences of suffering. What unites the diverse conditions patients bring to the Valley for healing is that they are experienced as “unwanted conditions of the self.” After analyzing specific examples, this chapter concludes that the Valley’s work of healing is best understood as a transformation in the meaning of suffering—not necessarily as the elimination of suffering. Healing is successful when the patient’s unwanted condition is redressed or re-signified in such a way that it no longer threatens the self.
Transcendental Heritages
Authors: Hayes Kelly E.
Published: March 2024

Valley doctrine teaches that present-day Jaguars have inherited a “transcendental heritage”: a karmic legacy of deeds and misdeeds derived from their many incarnations in different historical times and places. This shared past is understood to explain the personality dynamics or “transcendental ties” among individual community members, but it also has karmic consequences for the Jaguars as a collective that must be redressed in ritual. This chapter considers how the Jaguars’ transcendental heritage is continually referenced in the built environment, vestments, rituals, songs, images, and other material artifacts, reinforcing a felt sense of connection to the group and helping shape members’ self-understanding and moral conscience.
“The Problem of the Mixed Blood Child”
Authors: Doolan Yuri W.
Published: March 2024

By the mid-1950s, thousands of American missionaries and voluntary aid workers were in South Korea responding to the humanitarian crisis following the Korean War. Among the many children orphaned by the war, mixed race children left behind by their GI fathers posed a unique problem for the image of the US intervention. Believing they should be relocated to adoptive homes in the United States, humanitarians exaggerated the conditions in camptowns, cast Korean mothers as unloving prostitutes, and depicted mixed race children as “young ambassadors” cementing “good will between the countries of their birth and their new American families.” These arguments helped to permanently codify international adoption into US immigration law and create a system where mixed race children could be expediently and justifiably passed on from birth mother to adoptive family—a move that caused actual harm to many Korean women and children.
Becoming American
Authors: Doolan Yuri W.
Published: March 2024

This chapter follows the lives of the first generation of mixed race Koreans who were placed into US families in the 1950s and 1960s. As adoptive parents set out to create the American children US humanitarians promised them to be, assimilation—viewed by domestic social work and child welfare professionals as evidence of a proper adjustment—was endorsed as official policy. The figure of the happy and well-adjusted adoptee helped to further a narrative of the United States as an anti-racist nation and bolster the US military’s interventions abroad. Despite this, mixed race children’s entry into American families was fraught. They struggled deeply with their adjustment and with the loss of their Korean mothers; racism and segregation remained a very real and salient part of their lives; and intimate knowledge about their camptown origins persisted.
The Emergence of the Los Angeles Beach Lobby
Authors: Devienne Elsa
Published: March 2024

Chapter 3 chronicles the emergence of the beach protection movement and the rise of coastal engineering in reaction to the perception of a beach crisis. Erosion, rampant beach privatization, oil drilling, and sewage pollution were the principal causes for concern. During the 1930s, self-proclaimed beach experts produced reports and studies lamenting the sad state of the shores and planning the ideal urban beach. Inspired by Robert Moses’s Jones Beach in Long Island, they envisioned large, pristine beaches equipped with modern amenities. Yet in contrast to East Coast beach experts, who timidly approached the issue of coastal access, the LA beach lobby championed the eventual acquisition of the entire California shoreline for the public. Moreover, this lobby advocated for a development program devised at the state level in order to take into account the inner workings of the coastal ecosystem. The beach lobby’s plans reflected a modern vision of the coastline, where wide-open spaces and parking lots would replace the dark corners of the old-fashioned amusement zones.
Work
Authors: Rubio Julie Hanlon
Published: March 2024

The Catholic feminist divide is often construed as a debate about where women belong: work or home. But though second-wave feminists focused on breaking glass ceilings, they also fought for women’s right to rear their own children. Catholics, too, have a complex history responding to work and family. Chapter 3 problematizes the iconic images of a feminist career woman with a baby and a briefcase on one hand and a home-schooling Catholic mom of many on the other, finding more overlap than tension between today’s Catholics and feminists and their approaches to work and family. Looking closely at the lives of knowledge and gig workers in today’s economy, and the antiwork movement, the chapter suggests that Catholic and feminist sensibilities about work-life balance provides a viable and necessary alternative vision.
Power
Authors: Rubio Julie Hanlon
Published: March 2024

Chapter 7 grapples with the difficult issue of power. Women’s lack of access to ordained ministry often lies at the center of discussions about feminism and Catholicism. It is a source of pain for many. The previous two chapters employed listening to stories and identifying common claims as strategies to deal with difficult issues. This chapter leans in to the question of ordination and then pulls back to ask about the broader landscape of power in the church. This chapter brings together analysis of a question that is among the most troubling for Catholic feminists, a deeper probing of the Catholic Church’s power problem, and an account of its power assets and potential. The chapter claims that authenticity for Catholic feminists means seeing power as problem and possibility, rather than giving into complacency or despair.
Belonging
Authors: Rubio Julie Hanlon
Published: March 2024

Chapter 9 approaches the dilemma of being a Catholic feminist as a question of identity and belonging. Catholic feminists, like Black Catholics and queer Catholics, have to wrestle with the dilemma of being a part of an imperfect church even as its richness compels them to stay. Catholic thinking on conscience is offered as helpful framework for feminists who experience the tension of dual identity and seek an authentic way to belong to a holy, yet broken, church. Conscious belonging is contrasted with a “pure” belonging with no room for imperfection or questioning.
On the “Ideological Origins” of the Revolutions of Independence
Authors: Palti Elías J.
Published: March 2024

The anecdote is probably fake; nevertheless, it illustrates the thinkers’ normative pretension regarding reality, their anxiety, behind their interest of comprehending historical reality, to dictate how it should have been. In his criticism of God’s realization, Alphonse would be probably thinking of the “epicycles”; that is, the series of weird movements that, according to the Ptolemaic astronomy on which he based, planets have to do to match the observational data regarding their trajectory in their revolution around the Earth (which in that astronomical system was supposed to be in the center of the universe). In the astronomer-king’s mind, there was no room to suspect that perhaps what was wrong was not the design of the universe, or that incongruence was not in it but in his own theory, which was inadequate to the kind of phenomena he intended to observe. And, again, the same can be said of the historians of ideas, including the revisionists. They could not consider the possibility that the kind of pathologies they observed in Latin American history were not really in it, but were in their own approaches to it, which were inadequate to the kind of phenomena they intended to analyze. More precisely, in the conceptual tools with which they constructed their objects, the binary grid (tradition–modernity, or, eventually, a correlate of it) according to which they intended to render these objects meaningful and within which they were thus forced to make them fit, no matter how forcefully they had to push to get them there. This suspicion will lead us, again, to shift our sight from the sky they contemplated to the ground on which their views stood, to reconstruct the kind of intellectual operations behind the ways they created their objects and made sense of them. And, eventually, to explore alternative perspectives that depart from these teleological frameworks. Chapter 5 is an analysis of the historiographical debates around a crucial event in Latin American history: the revolutions of independence, and, more specifically, the topic of their “ideological foundations.” In the analysis of the early work of Tulio Halperin Donghi provides an alternative model for an approach to the period from the decline of the Spanish imperial system and independence that departs from the topic of “influences” and focus on the ways in which ideas become re-articulated in the function of the changing contexts. As the chapter shows, Halperin Donghi’s perspective is much more sensitive to the crucial challenge that the comprehension of complex ideological processes, like that here at stake, poses; more particularly, the paradox that the issue of the “ideological origins” of independence raises: how the very intellectual formations that originally served as an ideological sustentation of the absolutist régime and the imperial system successively twisted finally to serve as the intellectual foundation for a revolutionary discourse.
Roles of Different Professionals Within a Multitiered System of Supports Framework
Authors: Kelly Michael S.
Published: March 2024

School-based prevention and intervention research has influenced models to guide academic and behavior support services in schools. The multitiered system of supports (MTSS) framework and its related response to intervention (RTI) and positive behavior supports (PBS) models are particularly relevant to understanding the changing landscape in delivering academic and behavioral support to students, teachers, and families in American schools today. The expansion of MTSS across American schools has also created opportunities for school social workers and other related service professionals to become social-emotional learning (SEL) leaders in their buildings, and to begin to use the tools of MTSS to create more equitable and trauma-informed school communities. This chapter details some of what the authors know about MTSS, what different educator roles look like within MTSS, and how effective teamwork between MTSS team members is essential to build MTSS frameworks that work to make schools more trauma informed and equitable for all students.
Social-Emotional Learning
Authors: Thompson Aaron M. , Kim Anna M. , Weigand Tanya
Published: March 2024

Many schoolchildren experience social, emotional, and behavioral health challenges in the United States. These challenges affect their academic success, peer and teacher relationships, and overall normal daily life. Suicide rates among teens and youth are also rising, and increased by 57% between 2007 and 2017. The increasing suicide rates have been highly related to increased anxiety and depression among youth. However, 80% of youth in need of mental health supports will never get access to those services. The purpose of this chapter is to examine social-emotional learning and what school support personnel can do to provide youth with the knowledge and skills to be successful in their interpersonal and intrapersonal skills. Evidence-supported universal and targeted social-emotional learning programs at the elementary and secondary levels will be discussed to offer guidance when implementing social-emotional learning programs in school settings. Next, evidence-supported universal and targeted social-emotional Learning programs at the elementary and secondary levels will briefly be described. And lastly, some guidance for student service personnel to consider when implementing social-emotional learning programs in school settings will be offered.
Promoting Mental Health and Well-Being
Authors: Hu Maria , Hydon Stephen
Published: March 2024

Wellness is a term that usually evokes a medical connotation, but in reality, wellness is a holistic approach to a satisfying way of life. It is always important to care for oneself, especially now, given that people continue to live in times of uncertainty. It is now seen that individuals with some serious mental health conditions are dying at earlier ages than the general population. This chapter focuses on a wellness approach that is multifaceted, which consists of an eight-dimension intervention. Specifically, this particular wellness approach helps close the health gap and improve people’s overall quality of life. This intervention was developed by the researcher Margaret Swarbrick in 2006. The wellness approach integrates our minds, bodies, and spirits as it supports engaging in behaviors that feel rejuvenated and replenish that intrinsic motivation to grow holistically as a person.
Trauma-Responsive Practice in Schools
Authors: Cox Tory , Walkley Meg A.
Published: March 2024

This chapter explores the rationale and strategies for building a trauma-responsive school environment. It presents an all-school, systemic approach for creating an environment that promotes resilience and healing. It stresses being informed in order to connect behaviors in the school to the developmental stage and stage of brain development when the trauma occurred. The chapter examines in some detail the impact of stress and trauma on brain development so that perceptions of challenging behaviors can shift from “what’s wrong with you?” to “what happened to you?” It presents strategies for building resiliency experiences into school relationships and routines, as well as resources and specific points of training on trauma and neurodevelopment for school staff and other stakeholders in the school community.
Suicide Assessment
Authors: Szlyk Hannah S. , Hutchison Courtney
Published: March 2024

Suicidality (e.g., suicidal ideation, behavior, and attempts) is a problem that many school-aged youth experience. School providers need to be prepared to identify and assess students for suicide risk and to connect youth to the appropriate level of care when needed. This chapter describes youth warning signs for suicidality, standardized tools to use for suicide risk assessment, and strategies for determining the necessary level of intervention. The chapter also discusses how to practice intersectional and inclusive youth suicide risk assessment and to continue suicide prevention remotely during times of social distancing. Finally, the lessons from the chapter are integrated into a practice example.
Students With Eating Disorders
Authors: Mermelstein Sarah
Published: March 2024

The prevalence of eating and feeding disorders is on the rise among adolescents and young adults, and the age of onset is declining. The medical and psychological implications of experiencing an eating or feeding disorder are far-reaching and often carry over into the school environment, having significant impact on students’ experiences as well as cognitive and emotional functioning. This chapter focuses on the important role educators can and should play in early recognition and interventions for students with eating disorders and how to create an environment that is supportive of those in recovery while promoting healthy dialogues about nutrition and health for all students. It will review risk factors and presentation warning signs for development of an eating disorder. Treatment options, including therapeutic modalities, levels of care, and evidence for specific pharmacotherapies, are examined. Finally, opportunities for schools and educators to promote body positivity and use of health-focused, rather than weight-focused, curricula are discussed.
Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Ballan Michelle , Grosser Sarah
Published: March 2024

This chapter begins with an introduction to autism spectrum disorder. It reviews recent research and empirically supported treatments for autism spectrum disorder interventions in schools. Special attention is paid to specifically supported school-based interventions for children and adolescents. Specific examples include applied behavioral analysis, joint attention intervention, and modeling. These interventions are illustrated through a case example. This chapter promotes social justice for autistic and other neurodivergent individuals. This includes, but is not limited to, implementing trauma-informed practices and culturally responsive lessons that center respect for the wants and needs of neurodivergent individuals and the community at large.
Solution-Focused Brief Therapy for Students Who Are at Risk
Authors: Franklin Cynthia , Sucher Katharine , Kim Johnny , Tripodi Stephen
Published: March 2024

This chapter introduces the application of solution-focused brief therapy techniques with students identified as at risk for leaving school prematurely. The chapter provides a critique of the term “at risk” and describes the type of students that are commonly considered to fall into this category. It goes on to provide a brief history of the use of solution-focused brief therapy in school settings and the research to support its effectiveness. The chapter outlines the solution-focused brief therapy process including the types of questions and skills used in solution-focused brief therapy. A case demonstrates these skills in action and resources for further learning are provided.