bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coaching and mentoring skills: a complement to the professional midwifery advocate role
Authors: Thomas Cheryl
Published: May 2022

Workload pressures within midwifery have magnified because of the global pandemic, causing anxiety and stress for healthcare professionals across all settings. The prediction of the retirement time bomb, combined with midwives leaving the profession as a result of burnout, is having a considerable impact on maternity service provision. There is additional recognition of stress factors caused by the changing landscape within maternity services, one of which has been identified as the national implementation of the continuity of care model. The support framework for midwives and student midwives and the continuous improvement process that the advocating for education and quality improvement model is designed to achieve is needed now more than ever in what have become known as unprecedented times. The author is passionate regarding support for student midwives and prior to lockdown, commenced a postgraduate course in coaching and mentoring. The rationale for undertaking this qualification was to enhance professional midwifery advocate skills further. This proved to be beneficial to the development of the professional midwifery advocate services.
Effectiveness of testing hard-to-heal wounds for bacterial protease activity: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Baines Deborah , Carter Marissa , Pimlott Brenda , Reilly Mkyla
Published: May 2022

Objective:

The study aimed to evaluate whether using a point-of-care test for bacterial protease activity (BPA) to target antimicrobial dressing use can improve outcomes for hard-to-heal wounds and reduce cost.

Method:

Wounds asymptomatic for infection and testing positive for BPA were randomly assigned to two weeks' treatment with a silver antimicrobial dressing in addition to standard of care (SoC) (intervention group) or to SoC only (control group). The patient's outcomes were monitored for 12 weeks.

Results:

The study included 100 wounds. A reduction in annualised nursing resource of 29.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.9–34.1) for hard-to-heal wounds was predicted for the intervention versus control group (44±25.10 intervention group nurse/clinic visits versus 62±31.23 control group nurse/clinic visits; p=0.034). The percentage of patients reporting problems reduced for all EQ5D-3L dimensions for the intervention group, with the largest reductions in ‘pain/discomfort’ (–36.2%) and ‘anxiety/depression’ (–19.1%). Prescription of antibiotics fell by 45% for wound-related infections in the intervention group compared with the control group. In the intervention group the number of patients who did not receive a prescription was 37/50 (74%), nine (18%) patients received one prescription and four (8%) patients received two or more prescriptions. In the control group 29/50 (58%) patients did not receive a prescription, 12 (24%) received one prescription and nine (18%) patients received two or more prescriptions; p=0.068.

Conclusion:

The utility of the BPA test to reduce predicted annualised nursing time was demonstrated. The strong trend towards reduced antibiotic prescribing and improved quality of life for patients with wounds treated for BPA deserves further study.
The Elusive Ummah: Between the Political, Sectarianism, and Authority
Authors: Mahomed Nadeem
Published: May 2022

The thrust of this article provides an exposition of considering Islam not simply as a constricted theoretical and discursive tradition, but as a broad historical phenomenon that is shaped by the ummah (the global heterogeneous Muslim community) which in turn is influenced by the manner in which Islam was understood by the those from the ummah who have come before. Accordingly, the article argues for Islamic inclusivity in such a way that it translates into freedom from sectarian ideological provincialism and the ability to be free to enter and remain within Islam as a Muslim on terms that may not necessarily be considered as sufficient by other Muslims. In this sense, it is both liberation from dominant orthodoxies and the existence of freedom which allows groups and individuals to debate together and participate with each other in determining the affairs of Islam and what it means to be Muslim.
Automated classification of otitis media with OCT: augmenting pediatric image datasets with gold-standard animal model data
Authors: Monroy Guillermo L. , Won Jungeun , Shi Jindou , Hill Malcolm C. , Porter Ryan G. , Novak Michael A. , Hong Wenzhou , Khampang Pawjai , Kerschner Joseph E. , Spillman Darold R. , Boppart Stephen A.
Published: May 2022

Otitis media (OM) is an extremely common disease that affects children
worldwide. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has emerged as a
noninvasive diagnostic tool for OM, which can detect the presence and
quantify the properties of middle ear fluid and biofilms. Here, the
use of OCT data from the chinchilla, the gold-standard OM model for
the human disease, is used to supplement a human image database to
produce diagnostically relevant conclusions in a machine learning
model. Statistical analysis shows the datatypes are compatible, with a
blended-species model reaching ∼95% accuracy and F1 score, maintaining
performance while additional human data is collected.
Electromagnetic response and optical properties of anisotropic CuSbS2 nanoparticles
Authors: Seyedheydari Fahime , Conley Kevin , Ylä-Oijala Pasi , Sihvola Ari , Ala-Nissila Tapio
Published: May 2022

We investigate the electromagnetic response of anisotropic (non-spherical) copper antimony disulfide (

C
u
S
b

S

2

) nanoparticles and layers embedded with them using computational methods. To this end, we calculate the scattering and absorption efficiencies of oblate spheroidal

C
u
S
b

S

2

nanoparticles using the surface integral equation method. We find strong dependence of the response depending on the anisotropy of the spheroids and their orientation with respect to the electric field polarization of incoming radiation. Thin spheroids display a sharp plasmonic resonance in the ultraviolet, which is observed only for the electric field polarization along the short axis. Fano resonances that appear in the near infrared (NIR) blueshift when the short axis length is reduced, and they can be either strongly suppressed or enhanced depending on the relative orientation of the spheroid. We further investigate the optical response of thin layers containing

C
u
S
b

S

2

spheroids at a low volume fraction using a Monte Carlo method. We find that the response of these layers can be considerably modified by changing the short axis length and the orientation of particles within the layer with respect to polarization. Our results demonstrate the potential of anisotropic dielectric particles for polarization-dependent-response applications such as solar devices and NIR sensors.
Dynamics of single-mode nonclassicalities and quantum correlations in the Jaynes–Cummings model
Authors: Akella Sriram , Thapliyal Kishore , Mani H. S. , Pathak Anirban
Published: May 2022

Dynamics of atom–field correlations and single-mode nonclassicalities present in the resonant Jaynes–Cummings model are investigated using negativity and entanglement potential for a set of initial states. The study has revealed the interplay among three different types of nonclassicalities present in the model and established that the nonclassicality is continuously exchanged between the field and atom through atom–field correlations. Further, it is observed that the entanglement potential does not capture all single-mode nonclassicality, and there exists some residual nonclassicality in the reduced single-mode states at the output of the beam splitter that is not captured by the entanglement in which single-mode nonclassicality is quantitatively mapped in Asboth’s criterion. Additional layers of beam splitters are added to deplete all the nonclassicality and to reveal that almost all residual nonclassicality is captured with three layers of beam splitters. Further, the reduced states of the atom and field have zero (non-zero) quantum coherence in the Fock basis when the atom–field correlations are maximum if the field (or atom) has zero (non-zero) quantum coherence initially.
High-efficiency reflective metasurfaces for terahertz vortex wave generation based on completely independent geometric phase modulations at three frequencies
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Cheng Yongzhi , Chen Fu , Luo Hui , Li Xiangcheng
Published: May 2022

One of the considerable disadvantages of a metasurface (MS) is frequency-dependent behavior, which largely restricts its practical applications. To overcome this challenge, a MS is designed to generate vortex beams at three distinct terahertz (THz) frequencies. Specifically, a unit-cell structure comprising three resonators is proposed to operate at three distinct THz frequencies. The cross-polarized reflection coefficients of the unit-cell structure are greater than 70% under circularly polarized (CP) incidence. Based on the geometric phase principle, the full

2
π

phase shift can be obtained at each frequency by rotating the corresponding orientation angles of the three resonators. By carefully arranging the unit-cell structure, orbital angular momenta (OAMs) with topological charges of

l
=

±
1

,

−

2

, and,

−

3

at 0.706 THz, 1.143 THz, and 1.82 THz, respectively, can be generated for a normally incident right CP wave, and OAMs with topological charges of

l
=
−

3

,

−

2

, and

−

1

can be generated for a normally incident left CP wave. The generated reflective vortex beams through the designed MS have good mode purity up to 85% at 0.706 THz, 84% at 1.143 THz, and 74.7% at 1.82 THz, respectively. Moreover, the designed reflective MS reveals a convenient and low-cost way to generate vortex beams with different/same OAM modes at three different resonance frequencies and is beneficial for potential applications in THz communication.
Raman mediated solitonic pulse compression
Authors: Pradhan Akash Kumar , Sen Mrinal , Datta Tanmoy
Published: May 2022

A comprehensive analysis of Raman mediated solitonic compression of pulses inside a silicon nanocrystal embedded slotted photonic crystal waveguide (SPCW) is presented. The ultrahigh Raman gain coefficient of the silicon nanocrystal material, being fortified further by the intense optical confinement inside the SPCW, essentially outweighs the contribution of the Kerr in the self-phase modulation phenomenon that is responsible for the solitonic propagation of a pulse. This work particularly emphasizes the contribution of Raman nonlinearity in the soliton dynamics, which however has been neglected conventionally, leading to an unprecedented miniaturization in both the operating power and footprint. Spatiotemporal evolution of pulses inside the SPCW has been calculated using the nonlinear Schrödinger equation considering the slow-light regime. A compression factor as high as 44.3 is obtained using a 30 µm long SPCW with a peak input power of 8 mW at 1550 nm.
Orbital angular momentum-based dual-comb interferometer for ranging and rotation sensing
Authors: Anderson Alexander Q. , Strong Elizabeth F. , Coburn Sean C. , Rieker Gregory B. , Gopinath Juliet T.
Published: May 2022

We present a dual-comb interferometer capable of measuring both the range to a target as well as the target’s transverse rotation rate. Measurement of the transverse rotation of the target is achieved by preparing the probe comb with orbital angular momentum and measuring the resultant phase shift between interferograms, which arises from the rotational Doppler shift. The distance to the target is measured simultaneously by measuring the time-of-flight delay between the target and reference interferogram centerbursts. With 40 ms of averaging, we measure rotation rates up to 313 Hz with a precision reaching 1 Hz. Distances are measured with an ambiguity range of 75 cm and with a precision of 5.9 µm for rotating targets and 400 nm for a static target. This is the first dual-comb ranging system capable of measuring transverse rotation of a target. This technique has many potential terrestrial and space-based applications for lidar and remote sensing systems.
30 Gbit/s PAM4 transmission using an 8-GHz directly modulated multi-section laser
Authors: Troncoso Costas Marcos , Reza Ahmed Galib , Putta Hima , Sharma Ankit , Jain Gaurav , Smyth Mark , Smyth Frank , MacDougall John , Browning Colm , Diaz Otero Francisco , Barry Liam
Published: May 2022

This paper describes the characterization of a novel directly modulated multi-section laser with a master-slave configuration. Amplitude and phase noise measurements show relative intensity noise values of around −150 dB/Hz and a 3-dB linewidth of around 3 MHz. The laser’s suitability for optical access networks, enabled by the chirp reduction from the external injection locking, is shown by demonstrating unamplified 30 Gbit/s C-band transmission over 25 km and 50 km of single mode fiber using PAM4, as well as 30 Gbit/s PAM4 and PAM8 amplified transmission over 75 km.
Influence of metal-semiconductor junction on the performances of mixed-dimensional MoS2/Ge heterostructure avalanche photodetector
Authors: Yuan Xixi , Zhang Ningning , Zhang Tianyao , Meng Lingyao , Zhang Junming , Shao Jifang , Liu Maliang , Hu Huiyong , Wang Liming
Published: May 2022

The two-dimensional/three-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures provide novel optoelectronic properties for the next-generation of information devices. Herein, MoS2/Ge heterojunction avalanche photodetectors are readily obtained. The device with an Ag electrode at MoS2 side exhibits more stable rectification characteristics than that with an Au electrode. The rectification radio greater than 103 and a significant avalanche breakdown are observed in the device. The responsivity of 170 and 4 A/W and the maximum gain of 320 and 13 are obtained under 532 and 1550 nm illumination, respectively. Such photoelectric properties are attributed to the carrier multiplication at a Ge/MoS2 junction due to an avalanche breakdown. The mechanism is confirmed by the Sentaurus TCAD-simulated I-V characteristics.
Simultaneous and independent regulation of circularly polarized terahertz wave based on metasurface
Authors: Li Jiu-Sheng , Chen Jun-Zhao
Published: May 2022

A single metasurface-based device possessing multiple functionalities is highly desirable for terahertz technology system. In this paper, we design a reflective metasurface to generate switchable vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), focusing beams, focusing beams with arbitrary positions, and vortex beams with arbitrary topological charges in the terahertz region. By combining the spin decoupling principle and the phase addition theorem, the superposition states of OAM and focusing beams with arbitrary positions can be independent manipulated under right-handed and left-handed circularly polarized (LCP/RCP) waves illumination. Such a diversified functionalities device provides a promising application in the field of terahertz communication and terahertz super-resolution imaging.
Implementation of free-space Fourier Ptychography with near maximum system numerical aperture
Authors: Liang Mingshu , Yang Changhuei
Published: May 2022

Over the past decade, the research field of Fourier Ptychographic Microscopy (FPM) has seen numerous innovative developments that significantly expands its utility. Here, we report a high numerical aperture (NA) FPM implementation that incorporates some of these innovations to achieve a synthetic NA of 1.9 – close to the maximum possible synthetic NA of 2 for a free space FPM system. At this high synthetic NA, we experimentally found that it is vital to homogenize the illumination field in order to achieve the best resolution. Our FPM implementation has a full pitch resolution of 266 nm for 465 nm light, and depth of field of 3.6 µm. In comparison, a standard transmission microscope (incoherent) with close to maximum possible NA of 0.95 has a full pitch resolution of 318 nm for 465 nm light, and depth of field of 0.65 µm. While it is generally assumed that a free-space coherent imaging system and a free-space incoherent imaging system operating at their respective maximum NA should give comparable resolution, we experimentally find that an FPM system significantly outperforms its incoherent standard microscopy counterpart in resolution by a factor of 20%. Coupled with FPM’s substantially longer effective depth of field (5.5 times longer), our work indicates that, in the near-maximum NA operation regime, the FPM has significant resolution and depth of field advantages over incoherent standard microscopy.
Compensation and monitoring of transmitter and receiver impairments in 10,000-km single-mode fiber transmission by adaptive multi-layer filters with augmented inputs
Authors: Arikawa Manabu , Sato Masaki , Hayashi Kazunori
Published: May 2022

We propose an adaptive multi-layer (ML) filter architecture to compensate for linear impairments that occur in transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) components in ultra-long-haul optical fiber transmission systems, in which large chromatic dispersion (CD) accumulates in the received signal. The architecture consists of strictly linear (SL) and widely linear (WL) filter layers, and the coefficients of the ML filters are adaptively controlled by gradient calculation with back propagation and stochastic gradient descent. Static CD compensation is performed on the received signal and its complex conjugate before the adaptive ML filters. These augmented signals are then the inputs of the first 2×1 SL filter layer of the ML filters, for compensation of in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) impairments on the Rx side. Tx IQ impairments and polarization effects as well as Rx IQ impairments are adaptively compensated in the ML filters. By sweeping CD compensation filters before the ML filters, this architecture mitigates the computational complexity for back propagation of the ML filters especially for ultra-long-haul transmission, while mutual non-commutativity between the WL filter for IQ impairment compensation and the CD compensation filter is appropriately solved. We evaluated the proposed adaptive ML filter architecture with augmented inputs through both simulation and wavelength-division multiplexed transmission experiments of 32-Gbaud polarization-division-multiplexed 64-quadrature amplitude modulation-based probabilistic constellation shaped signals over 10,000 km of single-mode fiber (SMF). The results demonstrated that the proposed adaptive ML filter architecture effectively compensates for Tx and Rx IQ skews in ultra-long-haul SMF transmission, and that impairments can be monitored individually from the converged filter coefficients of the corresponding layers.
Fast wavefront sensing for X-ray optics with an alternating speckle tracking technique
Authors: Hu Lingfei , Wang Hongchang , Fox Oliver , Sawhney Kawal
Published: May 2022

Advances in accelerator technologies have enabled the continuous development of synchrotron radiation and X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) sources. At the same time, it has been critical to perform in-situ wavefront sensing to aid delivery of high-quality X-ray beams to the end users of these facilities. The speckle-based scanning technique has obtained popularity due to its high spatial resolution and superior sensitivity compared to other wavefront sensing methods. However, these advantages often come at the expense of longer data acquisition times since multiple images have to be collected to derive the necessary wavefront information. Whereas initial speckle tracking techniques could obtain wavefront information relatively quickly, the installation of additional hardware was routinely required to do so. Here, we propose a novel speckle-based approach, termed Alternating Speckle Tracking (AST), to perform fast wavefront sensing within a conventional beamline setup. The wavefront information derived from the new technique has proven to be valuable for many applications that require temporal resolution. Importantly, both horizontal and vertical wavefront information can be simultaneously derived by moving the speckle generator along the diagonal direction. We expect this method will be widely used by the synchrotron radiation and XFEL community in the future.
Low-loss GaN-on-insulator platform for integrated photonics
Authors: Gromovyi M. , El Kurdi M. , Checoury X. , Herth E. , Tabataba-Vakili F. , Bhat N. , Courville A. , Semond F. , Boucaud P.
Published: May 2022

III-Nitride semiconductors are promising materials for on-chip integrated photonics. They provide a wide transparency window from the ultra-violet to the infrared that can be exploited for second-order nonlinear conversions. Here we demonstrate a photonics platform based on epitaxial GaN-on-insulator on silicon. The transfer of the epi-material on SiO2 is achieved through wafer bonding. We show that quality factors up to 230 000 can be achieved with this platform at telecommunication wavelengths. Resonant second harmonic generation is demonstrated with a continuous wave conversion efficiency of 0.24%/W.
Rotational object detection at noncoaxial light incidence based on the rotational Doppler effect
Authors: Qiu Song , Ding You , Liu Tong , Liu Zhengliang , Ren Yuan
Published: May 2022

The rotational Doppler effect (RDE) of optical vortex which can be used to detect the rotation speed, has become a well-known phenomenon and a hot topic of research in recent years. However, because the beam axis must be coaxial with the rotational axis of the object, it can only be used to detect cooperative targets in practical application. Here, we provide a novel approach for measuring rotational speed under light non-coaxial incidence relative to the rotating axis that uses the adjacent frequency difference of rotational Doppler shift signals. Theoretically, the rotational Doppler shift is proportional to the OAM mode of the incident beam, and the nature of the OAM carried by each photon is a discrete or quantized quantity under off-axis conditions leading to the discrete distribution of the Doppler shift signals. Experimentally, by extracting the difference between two adjacent Doppler shift signals, the rotating speed of the object can be determined. Based on our method, the rotational speed of the object can be measured precisely without the pre-known information about the position of the rotating axis. Our work supplies a significant complement to the conventional RDE theory and we believe it may promote the realistic application of the optical RDE-based metrology.
Extended L-band few-mode Er/Yb Co-doped fiber amplifier with a cladding-pumped pseudo-two-stage configuration
Authors: Qiu Qiang , He Le , Gu Zhimu , Chen Yang , Lou Yang , Zhao Xinyue , Peng Jinggang , Li Haiqing , Xing Yingbin , Chu Yingbo , Dai Nengli , Li Jinyan
Published: May 2022

Spatial division multiplexing (SDM) is one of the most important technologies that may help to solve the future capacity crisis. However, to date, SDM optical amplification is still a challenge for its application. Herein, we numerically and experimentally demonstrated a few-mode Er/Yb co-doped fiber amplifier (FM-EYDFA) for extended L-band operation. A double cladding Er/Yb co-doped fiber was fabricated to expand the L-band bandwidth and a novel, to the best of our knowledge, cladding-pumped pseudo-two-stage amplification configuration was proposed to enhance the L-band gain. With an initial signal power of –16.8 dBm and an injected pump power of 8.8 W at 940 nm, the 20-dB gain range was covered to 1620 nm for two-mode groups of LP01 and LP11. Importantly, the average gain of 25 dB and average differential modal gain (DMG) of <1 dB were obtained in the wavelength range of 1570–1620 nm for all modes. Our results suggest that the cladding-pumped pseudo-two-stage amplifier based on Er/Yb co-doped fiber providing low DMG, and broad bandwidth has a great potential for increasing the future SDM capacity.
Self-driven highly responsive p-n junction InSe heterostructure near-infrared light detector
Authors: Patil Chandraman , Dong Chaobo , Wang Hao , Nouri Behrouz Movahhed , Krylyuk Sergiy , Zhang Huairuo , Davydov Albert V. , Dalir Hamed , Sorger Volker J.
Published: May 2022

Photodetectors converting light signals into detectable photocurrents are ubiquitously in use today. To improve the compactness and performance of next-generation devices and systems, low dimensional materials provide rich physics to engineering the light–matter interaction. Photodetectors based on two-dimensional (2D) material van der Waals heterostructures have shown high responsivity and compact integration capability, mainly in the visible range due to their intrinsic bandgap. The spectral region of near-infrared (NIR) is technologically important, featuring many data communication and sensing applications. While some initial NIR 2D material-based detectors have emerged, demonstrations of doping-junction-based 2D material photodetectors with the capability to harness the charge-separation photovoltaic effect are yet outstanding. Here, we demonstrate a 2D p-n van der Waals heterojunction photodetector constructed by vertically stacking p-type and n-type indium selenide (InSe) flakes. This heterojunction charge-separation-based photodetector shows a threefold enhancement in responsivity in the NIR spectral region (980 nm) as compared to photoconductor detectors based on p- or n-only doped InSe. We show that this junction device exhibits self-powered photodetection operation, exhibits few pA-low dark currents, and is about 3–4 orders of magnitude more efficient than the state-of-the-art foundry-based devices. Such capability opens doors for low noise and low photon flux photodetectors that do not rely on external gain. We further demonstrate millisecond response rates in this sensitive zero-bias voltage regime. Such sensitive photodetection capability in the technologically relevant NIR wavelength region at low form factors holds promise for several applications including wearable biosensors, three-dimensional (3D) sensing, and remote gas sensing.
Vier Heidelberger Topologen 1935–1996
Authors: Volkert Klaus
Published: May 2022

We present the lives and the work of four topologists who contributed to establish a center of topology at Heidelberg: Herbert Seifert, William Threlfall, Albrecht Dold and Dieter Puppe.
Evolution of tunnels in α/β-hydrolase fold proteins—What can we learn from studying epoxide hydrolases?
Authors: Bzówka Maria , Mitusińska Karolina , Raczyńska Agata , Skalski Tomasz , Samol Aleksandra , Bagrowska Weronika , Magdziarz Tomasz , Góra Artur
Published: May 2022

The evolutionary variability of a protein’s residues is highly dependent on protein region and function. Solvent-exposed residues, excluding those at interaction interfaces, are more variable than buried residues whereas active site residues are considered to be conserved. The abovementioned rules apply also to α/β-hydrolase fold proteins—one of the oldest and the biggest superfamily of enzymes with buried active sites equipped with tunnels linking the reaction site with the exterior. We selected soluble epoxide hydrolases as representative of this family to conduct the first systematic study on the evolution of tunnels. We hypothesised that tunnels are lined by mostly conserved residues, and are equipped with a number of specific variable residues that are able to respond to evolutionary pressure. The hypothesis was confirmed, and we suggested a general and detailed way of the tunnels’ evolution analysis based on entropy values calculated for tunnels’ residues. We also found three different cases of entropy distribution among tunnel-lining residues. These observations can be applied for protein reengineering mimicking the natural evolution process. We propose a ‘perforation’ mechanism for new tunnels design via the merging of internal cavities or protein surface perforation. Based on the literature data, such a strategy of new tunnel design could significantly improve the enzyme’s performance and can be applied widely for enzymes with buried active sites.
How to ensure full vaccination? The association of institutional delivery and timely postnatal care with childhood vaccination in a cross-sectional study in rural Bihar, India
Authors: Schön Mareike , Heesemann Esther , Ebert Cara , Subramanyam Malavika , Vollmer Sebastian , Horn Sebastian
Published: May 2022

Incomplete and absent doses in routine childhood vaccinations are of major concern. Health systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), in particular, often struggle to enable full vaccination of children, which affects their immunity against communicable diseases. Data on child vaccination cards from a cross-sectional primary survey with 1,967 households were used to assess the vaccination status. The association of timely postnatal care (PNC) and the place of delivery with any-dose (at least one dose of each vaccine) and full vaccination of children between 10-20 months in Bihar, India, was investigated. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used. The vaccines included targeted tuberculosis, hepatitis B, polio, diphtheria/pertussis/tetanus (DPT) and measles. Moreover predictors for perinatal health care uptake were analysed by multivariable logistic regression. Of the 1,011 children with card verification, 47.9% were fully vaccinated. Timely PNC was positively associated with full vaccination (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-2.08) and with the administration of at least one dose (any-dose) of polio vaccine (aOR 3.37 95% CI 1.79-6.36), hepatitis B/pentavalent vaccine (aOR 2.11 95% CI 1.24-3.59), and DPT/pentavalent vaccine (aOR 2.29 95% CI 1.35-3.88). Additionally, delivery in a public health care facility was positively associated with at least one dose of hepatitis B/pentavalent vaccine administration (aOR 4.86 95% CI 2.97-7.95). Predictors for timely PNC were institutional delivery (public and private) (aOR 2.7 95% CI 1.96-3.72, aOR 2.38 95% CI 1.56-3.64), at least one ANC visit (aOR 1.59 95% CI 1.18-2.15), wealth quintile (Middle aOR 1.57 95% CI 1.02-2.41, Richer aOR 1.51 95% CI 1.01-2.25, Richest aOR 2.06 95% CI 1.28-3.31) and household size (aOR 0.95 95% CI 0.92-0.99). The findings indicate a correlation between childhood vaccination and timely postnatal care. Further, delivery in a public facility correlates with the administration of at least one dose of hepatitis B vaccine and thus impedes zero-dose vaccination. Increasing uptake of timely PNC, encouraging institutional delivery, and improving vaccination services before discharge of health facilities may lead to improved vaccination rates among children.
Physio-anatomical modifications and elemental allocation pattern in Acanthus ilicifolius L. subjected to zinc stress
Authors: Sarath Nair G. , Manzil Shackira A. , Ali Sajad , Alsahli Abdulaziz Abdullah , Puthur Jos T.
Published: May 2022

Physio-anatomical modifications and elemental distribution pattern in Acanthus ilicifolius subjected to Zn stress were analysed in this study. Survival of A. ilicifolius plants under a high concentration of ZnSO4 was compensated by the reduction in the photosynthetic efficacy. Micro and macro-elemental distribution pattern in the root tissues was significantly influenced by heavy metal exposure. Tolerance towards the excess toxic metal ions in the tissue of A. ilicifolius was aided by the modified anatomical features. Moreover, the increased deposition of Zn around the central vasculature of the root confirms the complexation of Zn2+ in the xylem vessels. Metal induced molecular level changes of root and leaf samples indicate the presence of OH, NH2, and CH3 deformation as well as C-O-H and C-O-C stretch. A prominent band corresponding to CH3 deformation, pointing hemicellulose fortification, occurs in the cell walls of the xylem, aiding in Zn localization. The phytostabilisation potential of A. ilicifolius is dependent on the coordinated responses which endow with phenotypic plasticity necessary to cope with Zn toxicity.
Value-based cost-cognizant test case prioritization for regression testing
Authors: Ahmed Farrukh Shahzad , Majeed Awais , Khan Tamim Ahmed , Bhatti Shahid Nazir
Published: May 2022

Software Test Case Prioritization (TCP) is an effective approach for regression testing to tackle time and budget constraints. The major benefit of TCP is to save time through the prioritization of important test cases first. Existing TCP techniques can be categorized as value-neutral and value-based approaches. In a value-based fashion, the cost of test cases and severity of faults are considered whereas, in a value-neutral fashion these are not considered. The value-neutral fashion is dominant over value-based fashion, and it assumes that all test cases have equal cost and all software faults have equal severity. But this assumption rarely holds in practice. Therefore, value-neutral TCP techniques are prone to produce unsatisfactory results. To overcome this research gap, a paradigm shift is required from value-neutral to value-based TCP techniques. Currently, very limited work is done in a value-based fashion and to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no comprehensive review of value-based cost-cognizant TCP techniques is available in the literature. To address this problem, a systematic literature review (SLR) of value-based cost-cognizant TCP techniques is presented in this paper. The core objective of this study is to combine the overall knowledge related to value-based cost-cognizant TCP techniques and to highlight some open research problems of this domain. Initially, 165 papers were reviewed from the prominent research repositories. Among these 165 papers, 21 papers were selected by using defined inclusion/exclusion criteria and quality assessment procedures. The established questions are answered through a thorough analysis of the selected papers by comparing their research contributions in terms of the algorithm used, the performance evaluation metric, and the results validation method used. Total 12 papers used an algorithm for their technique but 9 papers didn’t use any algorithm. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Algorithm is dominantly used. For results validation, 4 methods are used including, Empirical study, Experiment, Case study, and Industrial case study. The experiment method is dominantly used. Total 6 performance evaluation metrics are used and the APFDc metric is dominantly used. This SLR yields that value-orientation and cost cognition are vital in the TCP process to achieve its intended goals and there is great research potential in this research domain.
Designing transformer oil immersion cooling servers for machine learning and first principle calculations
Authors: Takahashi Keisuke , Miyazato Itsuki , Maeda Satoshi , Takahashi Lauren
Published: May 2022

A transfomer oil immersion cooling server is designed and constructed for machine learning applications and first principle calculations that are carried out for materials-related research. CPU, motherboard, random access memory, hard disk drive, solid state drive, graphic card, and the power supply unit are submerged into the transformer oil in order to cool the entire system. Benchmark tests reveal that overall performance is improved while performance times for multicore calculations are dramatically improved. Furthermore, calculation times for machine learning with large data sets and density functional theory calculations are shortened during single core calculations. Thus, a transformer oil immersion cooling server is proposed to be an alternative cooling system used for improving the performance of first principle calculations and machine learning.
On the choice of the best chunk size for the speculative execution of loops
Authors: Estebanez Alvaro , Llanos Diego R. , Orden David , Palop Belen
Published: May 2022

Loops are a rich source of parallelism. Unfortunately, many loops cannot be safely parallelized at compile time because the compiler is not able to guarantee that there will be no dependence violations. Thread-Level Speculation (TLS) techniques, either hardware or software-based, allow the parallel execution of non-analyzable loops, issuing the execution of blocks of consecutive iterations (calledchunks) while a hardware or software monitor ensures that no dependence violations arise. If such a dependence violation occurs, the chunk that was fed with incorrect values is discarded and re-started, in order to consume the correct information. In the speculative execution of non-analyzable loops, it is very important to correctly choose the chunk size, because this choice dramatically affects the performance of the parallel execution. Bigger chunks imply less scheduling overheads, but smaller chunks allow fewer calculations to be discarded in the event of a dependence violation. To find a good chunk size is not a simple task, because loops may present dependencies that cannot be detected at compile time. In this paper, we present a comprehensive evaluation of different scheduling methods to estimate the optimal chunk size in the speculative execution of non-analyzable loops. This evaluation ranges from the simple, classical methods originally devised to achieve load balancing in loops with no dependencies, to methods that make some assumptions on the distribution pattern of dependencies, such asMesetaand Just-in-Time scheduling. We also propose and evaluate a general, more complex method called Moody Scheduling, that does not require a-priori assumptions to achieve the highest performance.
Tsunamites versus tempestites: Various types of redeposited stromatoporoid beds in the Devonian of the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland), a case study from the Ołowianka Quarry
Authors: Łuczyński Piotr
Published: May 2022

The sedimentary history of two stromatoporoid accumulations ‒ an allobiostrome and a parabiostrome–are studied in the shallow water carbonates of the Middle to Upper Devonian Kowala Formation in the Ołowianka Quarry, Holy Cross Mountains, central Poland. Sedimentological and facies observations are accompanied by morphometrical and taphonomical analyses of redeposited stromatoporoid skeletons. Stromatoporoid features, including shape profile, latilaminae arrangement, surface character, dimensions, and preservation state, are interpreted in terms of their original growth habitats and susceptibility to exhumation and transport. Sedimentary features of the studied beds are interpreted with regards to the high-energy processes that lead to their deposition. In the allobiostrome, the original stromatoporoid habitat was located below storm wave base, in a calm setting characterised by a low and stable depositional rate and clear bottom waters. The large scale onshore redeposition of stromatoporoid skeletons from such a setting was only possible due to an extraordinary event causing erosion at considerable depths: a tsunami is the most probable explanation. The sedimentary and textural features of the allobiostromal accumulation, such as clast supported textures and lack of vertical sorting, point to a single act of deposition and high flow velocities, in agreement with the tsunami interpretation. In contrast, the parabiostromal stromatoporoid accumulation does not exhibit any features that would require a non-tempestitic explanation, the default and most probable interpretation of high energy facies interbedding shallow water lagoonal sediments. This comparison has shown that studies of variously developed stromatoporoid beds, and particularly the analysis of morphometric features of stromatoporoid skeletons, can provide a unique opportunity to identify palaeotsunamites, which commonly remain undetected in the sedimentary record, leading to underestimates of their abundance.
Associations between smoking to relieve stress, motivation to stop and quit attempts across the social spectrum: A population survey in England
Authors: Perski Olga , Theodoraki Maria , Cox Sharon , Kock Loren , Shahab Lion , Brown Jamie
Published: May 2022

Smoking prevalence in several high-income countries is steadily declining but remains persistently high in ‘lower’ socioeconomic position (SEP) groups, contributing to inequities in morbidity and mortality. Smoking to relieve stress is a commonly endorsed motive for continued smoking; however, it remains unclear whether smoking to relieve stress has a negative impact on motivation to stop and future quit attempts and if so, whether associations are moderated by SEP. This was an observational study with cross-sectional and prospective survey data from the nationally representative Smoking Toolkit Study in England. A total of 1,135 adult smokers were surveyed at baseline, with 153 (13.5%) respondents followed up at 12 months. Respondents provided information on demographic, social and smoking characteristics. A series of multivariable logistic regression analyses was conducted. Bayes Factors (BFs) were calculated to explore non-significant associations. Smoking to relieve stress was commonly endorsed by respondents from both ‘lower’ (43.2% [95% CI = 39.4%, 47.0%]) and ‘higher’ (40.5% [95% CI = 35.9%, 45.1%]) SEP groups (p = 0.39). Smoking to relieve stress was associated with high motivation to stop at baseline (ORadj = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.03–2.12, p = 0.035) but not significantly with the odds of making a quit attempt at a 12-month follow-up, although the magnitude and direction of the effect was similar to that observed for high motivation to stop (ORadj = 1.49, 95% CI = 0.69–3.20, p = 0.3). Data were insensitive to detect moderation effects of SEP (BF = 0.90 and BF = 1.65, respectively). Smoking to relieve stress is a commonly endorsed motive and is associated with high motivation to stop but not significantly with the odds of making a quit attempt in the next 12 months, although the magnitude and direction of the effect was similar for both outcomes. There was no clear evidence of moderation by SEP, although data were insensitive to distinguish the alternative from the null hypothesis.
Adaptive immune defense prevents Bartonella persistence upon trans-placental transmission
Authors: Siewert Lena K. , Dehio Christoph , Pinschewer Daniel D.
Published: May 2022

Vertical transmission ofBartonellainfection has been reported for several mammalian species including mice and humans. Accordingly, it is commonly held that acquired immunological tolerance contributes critically to the high prevalence of Bartonellae in wild-ranging rodent populations. Here we studied an experimental model ofBartonellainfection in mice to assess the impact of maternal and newborn immune defense on vertical transmission and bacterial persistence in the offspring, respectively. Congenital infection was frequently observed in B cell-deficient mothers but not in immunocompetent dams, which correlated with a rapid onset of an antibacterial antibody response in infected WT animals. Intriguingly, B cell-deficient offspring with congenital infection exhibited long-term bacteremia whereas B cell-sufficient offspring cleared bacteremia within a few weeks after birth. Clearance of congenitalBartonellainfection resulted in immunity against bacterial rechallenge, with the animals mountingBartonella-neutralizing antibody responses of normal magnitude. These observations reveal a key role for humoral immune defense by the mother and offspring in preventing and eliminating vertical transmission. Moreover, congenitalBartonellainfection does not induce humoral immune tolerance but results in anti-bacterial immunity, questioning the contribution of neonatal tolerance toBartonellaprevalence in wild-ranging rodents.
Automating the search and selection of news in municipal registries: Experiences from a Swedish participatory action research project
Authors: Picha Edwardsson Malin
Published: May 2022

This article describes a Swedish case study with a focus on how to enhance journalists’ professional autonomy, local news coverage and local democracy with the help of an automated search tool. The aim was to involve journalists in the development project using the theory of participatory action research and tailor a search tool to their specific needs to search for news stories in documents from municipalities. We conclude that user-centred design is a viable methodology when developing a new tool, but not necessarily when it comes to implementing the tool in journalists’ everyday practice, as the implementation is dependent on other factors connected to management and organizational structures. It became clear that the journalists were optimistic about the automated search tool as long as it made their work more efficient in terms of time and money and offered better possibilities for independent news discovery. We also noticed that some of the journalists’ professional knowledge about a certain geographical area or municipality became subordinate to the knowledge of how to best use available search tools.
Filmmaker–subject relationship in documentary filmmaking
Authors: Canet Fernando
Published: May 2022

This article aims to provide a contextual overview of the filmmaker–subject relationship in documentary filmmaking. This topic is addressed in those documentary films that require the involvement of the filmmaker in the participants’ everyday lives over a prolonged period, thereby turning their relationship into a central feature of the documentary filmmaking. I argue that the filmmaker–subject relationship involves a personal engagement that problematizes their professional responsibility as expressed mainly in their commitment to the film project and that it is mainly the personal dimension that informs the ethical decisions made by filmmakers. I begin by considering how long-term relationships allow filmmakers to better understand the reality of participants by earning their trust. I then explore the importance in documentary filmmaking of the calculation of costs and benefits in relation to the film and its participants. Finally, I examine how a filmmaker’s sympathetic and antipathetic attitudes towards a participant determine the nature of their relationship.
Original Surgical Treatment and Long-term Follow-up for Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy Causing a Compressive Cervical Myelopathy: Review of the Literature
Authors: Rigal Julien , Quarto Emanuele , Boue Lisa , Balabaud Laurent , Thompson Wendy , Cloché Thibault , Bourret Stephane , Le Huec Jean Charles
Published: May 2022

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is a chronic relapsing disease of unknown aetiology. The diagnosis of this disease is still very complicated. The treatment is medical but, in some cases, a surgical decompression might be required. In rare cases it develops a radicular hypertrophy that can cause a cervical myelopathy; this pathology should be put in differential diagnosis with neurofibromatosis 1 and CharcotMarie-Tooth (CMT) syndromes. The cases of CIDP cervical myelopathy reported in the literature are rare and even more rarely a surgical decompression was described. Here we report a first and unique case of CIDP cervical myelopathy treated with an open-door laminoplasty technique with 10-year postoperative follow-up (FU). The surgical decompression revealed to be effective in stopping the progression of myelopathy without destabilizing the spine. The patient that before surgery presented a severe tetraparesis could return to walk and gain back his self-care autonomy. At 10-year FU he did not complain of neck pain and did not develop a cervical kyphosis. In case of cervical myelopathy caused by radicular hypertrophy, CIDP should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis and an open-door laminoplasty is indicated to stop myelopathy progression.