bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variable Speed Limit Strategies Based on the Macro Hierarchical Control Traffic Flow Model
Authors: Li Shubin , Wang Tao , Ren Hualing , Shi Baiying , Kong Xiangke , Chai Jianyong , Wang Xuejuan
Published: June 2021

The superior traffic control system can promote the efficiency of mainstream expressway. As the effective method to smooth traffic system, the variable speed limits (VSL) strategies are discussed in an expressway traffic network. The dynamic OD estimation model is used to produce the real traffic information, which is loaded to the traffic network. Then, the prediction information of traffic variables and the VSL strategy are introduced to macro hierarchical control traffic flow model. A solution algorithm is further developed to find the optimal parameters of VSL by minimizing the total travel time and delay. The simulation results show that the proposed strategy perfects well, the traffic congestion is effectively alleviated, and the traffic efficiency of the road section is significantly improved. This framework can be adopted by transit managers for traffic efficiency.
Understanding City-Wide Ride-Sourcing Travel Flow: A Geographically Weighted Regression Approach
Authors: Chen Chuqiao , Hu Simon , Ochieng Washington Y. , Xie Na , Chen Xiqun (Michael)
Published: June 2021

The emerging ride-sourcing service has become an important element of urban mobility. A challenging question underlying the provision of such service is how and to what extent the built environment affects origin-destination (OD) travel flows. This paper employs the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model to analyze the OD-based ride-sourcing travel flow. It makes a comparison with the existing ordinary least square (OLS) model and spatial autocorrelation model (SAM). We have collected ride-sourcing order data in Hangzhou, China, to provide an accurate source for acquiring ride-sourcing travel flow. We investigate the effects of the residential area, points of interest (POIs), and transit stations on ride-sourcing travel flow among traffic analysis zones (TAZs). The results show the following: (a) GWR has better goodness-of-fit than SAM and OLS. (b) Residential area, enterprise, and bus stations have positive correlations with ride-sourcing OD flows, but education and subway stations have negative correlations. We have further investigated the issue and found that it is not a causal relationship between the bus station and OD flow, due to collinearity between the two variables. The bus station builds on locations with high demand, but its capacity is not large enough to reduce the ride-sourcing flow to a low level, which results in a positive coefficient. (c) Based on the estimated coefficients, the prediction of ride-sourcing flows is feasible, supporting the impact analysis for urban land use and transportation planning. This paper contributes to understanding OD-based ride-sourcing travel flow distributions and provides a framework of long-term OD flow prediction for urban land use and transportation planning.
Alleviative Effect of Ruellia tuberosa L. on Insulin Resistance and Abnormal Lipid Accumulation in TNF-α-Treated FL83B Mouse Hepatocytes
Authors: Chen Hong-Jie , Ko Chih-Yuan , Xu Jian-Hua , Huang Yu-Chu , Wu James Swi-Bea , Shen Szu-Chuan
Published: June 2021

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease, and most patients with T2DM develop nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Both diseases are closely linked to insulin resistance (IR). Our previous studies demonstrated that Ruellia tuberosa L. (RTL) extract significantly enhanced glucose uptake in the skeletal muscles and ameliorated hyperglycemia and IR in T2DM rats. We proposed that RTL might be via enhancing hepatic antioxidant capacity. However, the potent RTL bioactivity remains unidentified. In this study, we investigated the effects of RTL on glucose uptake, IR, and lipid accumulation in vitro to mimic the T2DM accompanied by the NAFLD paradigm. FL83B mouse hepatocytes were treated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) to induce IR, coincubated with oleic acid (OA) to induce lipid accumulation, and then, treated with RTL fractions, fractionated with n-hexane or ethyl acetate (EA), from column chromatography, and analyzed by thin-layer chromatography. Our results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction (EAf2) from RTL significantly increased glucose uptake and suppressed lipid accumulation in TNF-α plus OA-treated FL83B cells. Western blot analysis showed that EAf2 from RTL ameliorated IR by upregulating the expression of insulin-signaling-related proteins, including protein kinase B, glucose transporter-2, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha in TNF-α plus OA-treated FL83B cells. The results of this study suggest that EAf2 from RTL may improve hepatic glucose uptake and alleviate lipid accumulation by ameliorating and suppressing the hepatic insulin signaling and lipogenesis pathways, respectively, in hepatocytes.
Anterior Half of the Peroneus Longus Tendon Combined with Semitendinosus and Gracilis Tendons for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: An Athlete Case Report
Authors: de Oliveira Diego Escudeiro , Horita Melanie Mayumi , de Oliveira e Silva Marconde , Salas Victor Eduardo Roman , Jorge Pedro Baches
Published: June 2021

In clinical practice, it is observed that the hamstring tendon graft, despite being first choice in knee ligament reconstruction, may not present adequate size. Therefore, it becomes necessary to search for other graft alternatives. In this context, the peroneus longus tendon arises as an option to replace or complement other grafts. The surgeon can opt to use the tendon in its totality or only its anterior half, presenting adequate length, diameter, and biomechanics, without major repercussions for the donor site. In this study, we report a case of an athlete in which the autologous hamstring tendon graft did not present the adequate diameter for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. It was, then, necessary to use the anterior half of the peroneus longus tendon.
Erteng-Sanjie Capsule Enhances Chemosensitivity of 5-Fluorouracil in Tumor-Bearing Nude Mice with Gastric Cancer by Inhibiting Notch1/Hes1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhou Jing , Hao Shulan , Guo Hao , Yu Han , Guo Zhi , Liu Likun
Published: June 2021

Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. This study investigated the chemosensitivity-enhancing effects of Erteng-Sanjie capsule (ETSJC) in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on gastric cancer and its possible underlying mechanisms. The study established a subcutaneous xenograft model of human gastric cancer. The animals were divided into five groups: the control group, the 5-FU group, the 5-FU + ETSJC low-dose group, the 5-FU + ETSJC medium-dose group, and the 5-FU + ETSJC high-dose group. The tumor volume and tumor weight were calculated. TUNEL staining was used to evaluate cell apoptosis. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect the expression of Ki67+ cells and the CD31+ microvessel density in tumors. Simultaneously, western blot analysis was applied to detect the expression of caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, Notch1, and Hes1 proteins. Compared with the control group, tumor volume and weight in the 5-FU and 5-FU + ETSJC groups were inhibited. Moreover, compared with the 5-FU group, tumor volume and weight were significantly inhibited in the 5-FU + ETSJC groups. The numbers of Ki67+ cells, CD31+ microvessel density, and the expression of Bcl-2, Notch1, and Hes1 proteins were markedly decreased in the combination group when compared with the chemotherapy alone group. The numbers of TUNEL+ cells and the expression of Bax and caspase-3 proteins were significantly increased in the 5-FU + ETSJC groups when compared with the 5-FU group. The therapeutic effects were demonstrated to be dose dependent. In conclusion, the findings of the study showed that ETSJC improved the chemosensitivity of 5-FU by blocking Notch1/Hes1 signaling pathway in gastric cancer-bearing mice.
Manifestations and Virus Detection in the Ocular Surface of Adult COVID-19 Patients: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chen Yu-Yen , Yen Yung-Feng , Huang Li-Ying , Chou Pesus
Published: June 2021

Purpose. This study aims to examine the prevalence rate of ocular manifestations and the positive rate for the real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in conjunctival/tear swabs among adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods. PubMed and EMBASE were reviewed between December 1, 2019, and January 31, 2021, and only peer-reviewed clinical studies in our pooled analyses were included. Details regarding the patient numbers, demographics, ocular manifestations, positivity of ocular surface RT-PCR, and severity of pneumonia were recorded from each study. Primary outcomes were the occurrence of ocular manifestations and virus detection on the ocular surface. Meanwhile, secondary outcomes included frequencies of various ocular symptoms/signs (s/s), the proportion of patients with ocular manifestation as the initial symptom, and the relationship between the severity of pneumonia and the presentation of ocular manifestations. Results. In total, 35 studies with 4,432 adult COVID-19 patients were included in this analysis. The overall prevalence rate of ocular manifestations was found to be 11.3%, and the positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 in the ocular surface was 7.4%. The four most common ocular s/s were follicular conjunctivitis, redness, watering, and discharge. A proportion of 3.3% presented with ocular s/s preceding other findings. Besides, patients with higher severity of pneumonia were more likely to have ocular manifestations (odds ratio = 2.25; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.45–3.50). Conclusion. As per our findings, it was determined that ocular transmission of SARS-CoV-2 might be possible, highlighting the importance of eye protective equipment among healthcare personnel.
Intratumor CMS Heterogeneity Impacts Patient Prognosis in Localized Colon Cancer
Authors: Marisa Laetitia , Blum Yuna , Taieb Julien , Ayadi Mira , Pilati Camilla , Le Malicot Karine , Lepage Côme , Salazar Ramon , Aust Daniela , Duval Alex , Blons Hélène , Taly Valérie , Gentien David , Rapinat Audrey , Selves Janick , Mouillet-Richard Sophie , Boige Valérie , Emile Jean-François , de Reyniès Aurélien , Laurent-Puig Pierre
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

The consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) represent a significant advance in the understanding of intertumor heterogeneity in colon cancer. Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) is the new frontier for refining prognostication and understanding treatment resistance. This study aims at deciphering the transcriptomic ITH of colon cancer and understanding its potential prognostic implications.

Experimental Design:

We deconvoluted the transcriptomic profiles of 1,779 tumors from the PETACC8 trial and 155 colon cancer cell lines as weighted sums of the four CMSs, using the Weighted In Silico Pathology (WISP) algorithm. We assigned to each tumor and cell line a combination of up to three CMS subtypes with a threshold above 20%.

Results:

Over 55% of tumors corresponded to mixtures of at least two CMSs, demonstrating pervasive ITH in colon cancer. Of note, ITH was associated with shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival, [HR, 1.34; 95% confidence interval (CI; 1.12–1.59), 1.40, 95% CI (1.14–1.71), respectively]. Moreover, we uncovered specific combinations of CMS associated with dismal prognosis. In multivariate analysis, ITH represents the third parameter explaining DFS variance, after T and N stages. At a cellular level, combined WISP and single-cell transcriptomic analysis revealed that most colon cancer cell lines are a mixture of cells falling into different CMSs, indicating that ITH may correspond to distinct functional statuses of colon cancer cells.

Conclusions:

This study shows that CMS-based transcriptomic ITH is frequent in colon cancer and impacts its prognosis. CMS-based transcriptomic ITH may correspond to distinct functional statuses of colon cancer cells, suggesting plasticity between CMS-related cell populations. Transcriptomic ITH deserves further assessment in the context of personalized medicine.
Phase I Study of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy plus Nivolumab and Urelumab or Cabiralizumab in Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Foster Corey C. , Fleming Gini F. , Karrison Theodore G. , Liao Chih-Yi , Desai Ami V. , Moroney John W. , Ratain Mark J. , Nanda Rita , Polite Blase N. , Hahn Olwen M. , O'Donnell Peter H. , Vokes Everett E. , Kindler Hedy L. , Hseu Robyn , Janisch Linda A. , Dai Julia , Hoffman Mark D. , Weichselbaum Ralph R. , Pitroda Sean P. , Chmura Steven J. , Luke Jason J.
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

CD137 agonism and CSF1R blockade augment stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and anti-programmed death-1 in preclinical models. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of SBRT with nivolumab+urelumab (CD137 agonist) or nivolumab+cabiralizumab (CSF1R inhibitor).

Patients and Methods:

This phase I clinical trial enrolled patients with advanced solid tumors that had progressed on standard therapies. SBRT was delivered to 1–4 metastases with nivolumab+urelumab or nivolumab+cabiralizumab given concurrently and following SBRT. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was the primary endpoint with anatomic location-specific SBRT doses deemed safe if ≤33% DLT frequency was observed. Secondary endpoints included RECISTv1.1 response, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and molecular correlative studies.

Results:

Sixty patients were enrolled, and median follow-up for living patients is 13.8 months. Of these, 23 (38%) received SBRT+nivolumab+urelumab and 37 (62%) received SBRT+nivolumab+cabiralizumab. Seven patients (12%) experienced a DLT (n = 3 grade 3, n = 4 grade 4) in the following anatomic cohorts: abdominal/pelvic (3/17, 18%), liver (1/13, 8%), central lung (2/14, 14%), and peripheral lung (1/12, 8%). Of 41 patients radiographically evaluable for best overall response including 55 radiated and 23 unirradiated RECIST target lesions, 2 had complete responses (5%), 7 had partial responses (17%), 12 had stable disease (29%), and 20 had progression (49%). Median estimated PFS and OS are 3.0 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.9–4.8] and 17.0 months (95% CI, 6.8–undetermined), respectively. No patients with elevated pre-SBRT serum IL8 experienced a response.

Conclusions:

SBRT to ≤4 sites with nivolumab+urelumab or nivolumab+cabiralizumab for treating advanced solid tumors is feasible with acceptable toxicity and modest antitumor activity.

See related commentary by Rodriguez-Ruiz et al., p. 5443
Entrevista: Carlos Alberto Ávila Araújo
Authors: Almeida Marco Antonio de
Published: June 2021

Entrevista: Carlos Alberto Ávila Araújo
Archivos, políticas de información, formación profesional e investigación en Ecuador
Authors: Cabrera Hanna Santiago
Published: June 2021

PORRAS, María Elena, ZÚÑIGA, Daniela (ed.). Archivística sin fronteras: reflexiones sobre políticas de gestión, formación e investigación. Quito: Consejo de la Judicatura: Archiveros sin Fronteras: Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar: Abya-Yala, 2019. ISBN 978-9978-19-970-1
Epistemologia ‘Not Only’: as bibliotecas públicas de Bachelard à Deleuze
Authors: Mostafa Solange Puntel , Achilles Daniele , Sabbag Deise Maria Antonio
Published: June 2021

O artigo tem como objetivo a proposição da epistemologia ‘but not only’ por meio de um percurso dialógico que alinha a Epistemologia Social de Jesse Shera à Epistemologia construtivista defendida por Gaston Bachelard delineando um caminho reflexivo-crítico pela Filosofia da Diferença de Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari e a antropologia de Marisol de La Cadena. A metodologia empregada é exploratória pautada no método qualitativo que desenvolve interlocução entre os teóricos e movimentos epistemológicos estabelecendo uma tessitura marcada pela filosofia da diferença que se expressa na criação de conceitos e a distinção da epistemologia construtivista de Gaston Bachelard, epistemologia social econstrutivismo na filosofia de Gilles Deleuze.Este para explicar o que é conceito admite uma série de detalhes que tem origem na virtude dos problemas, concebendo uma trilha subjetiva e prática, tendo um todo fragmentário que acolhe a multiplicidade do conceito e seus processos. O conceito é construído a partir da articulação de elementos heterogêneos: é o acontecimento. O passeio pela epistemologia filosófica deleuziana que cria conceitos proporciona a criação do conceito filosófico ‘biblioteca notonly”. Biblioteca ‘notonly’ compreende um problema que não se esgota nos exemplos modelados em bibliotecas públicas ressignificados. Para elucidar os contornos da ‘biblioteca notonly’ é utilizado a sumarização de Mostafa e Nova Cruz (2009): todo conceito remete a um problema que está, de alguma maneira, mal-visto, mal colocado; todo conceito tem componentes, se define por eles; todo conceito tem uma história; todo conceito tem um devir.A ‘biblioteca not only’ são várias bibliotecas e outras que estão por vir. Como resultado epistemológico apresenta-se a ‘biblioteca notonly’como espaços amplos de aprendizagem que extrapolam a leitura e a escrita; como direção transformadora de problemas com a capacidade de acolhimento dos mais diversos públicos; como conceito que contempla o traçado histórico temporal desde o Brasil-colônia; como conceito de muitas outras bibliotecas e aponta para um além mais de bibliotecas ainda por vir.
Safer Stroke-Dx Instrument: Identifying Stroke Misdiagnosis in the Emergency Department
Authors: Saleh Velez Faddi G. , Alvarado-Dyer Ronald , Pinto Camila Bonin , Ortiz García Jorge G. , Mchugh Daryl , Lu Jenny , Otlivanchik Oleg , Flusty Brent L. , Liberman Ava L. , Prabhakaran Shyam
Published: June 2021

Background:

Missed or delayed diagnosis of acute stroke, or false-negative stroke (FNS), at initial emergency department (ED) presentation occurs in ≈9% of confirmed stroke patients. Failure to rapidly diagnose stroke can preclude time-sensitive treatments, resulting in higher risks of severe sequelae and disability. In this study, we developed and tested a modified version of a structured medical record review tool, the Safer Dx Instrument, to identify FNS in a subgroup of hospitalized patients with stroke to gain insight into sources of ED stroke misdiagnosis.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study at 2 unaffiliated comprehensive stroke centers. In the development and confirmatory cohorts, we applied the Safer Stroke-Dx Instrument to report the prevalence and documented sources of ED diagnostic error in FNS cases among confirmed stroke patients upon whom an acute stroke was suspected by the inpatient team, as evidenced by stroke code activation or urgent neurological consultation, but not by the ED team. Inter-rater reliability and agreement were assessed using interclass coefficient and kappa values (κ).

Results:

Among 183 cases in the development cohort, the prevalence of FNS was 20.2% (95% CI, 15.0–26.7). Too narrow a differential diagnosis and limited neurological examination were common potential sources of error. The interclass coefficient for the Safer Stroke-Dx Instrument items ranged from 0.42 to 0.91, and items were highly correlated with each other. The κ for diagnostic error identification was 0.90 (95% CI, 0.821–0.978) using the Safer Stroke-Dx Instrument. In the confirmatory cohort of 99 cases, the prevalence of FNS was 21.2% (95% CI, 14.2–30.3) with similar sources of diagnostic error identified.

Conclusions:

Hospitalized patients identified by stroke codes and requests for urgent neurological consultation represent an enriched population for the study of diagnostic error in the ED. The Safer Stroke-Dx Instrument is a reliable tool for identifying FNS and sources of diagnostic error.
Dysregulated Phenylalanine Catabolism Plays a Key Role in the Trajectory of Cardiac Aging
Authors: Czibik Gabor , Mezdari Zaineb , Murat Altintas Dogus , Bréhat Juliette , Pini Maria , d’Humières Thomas , Delmont Thaïs , Radu Costin , Breau Marielle , Liang Hao , Martel Cecile , Abatan Azania , Sarwar Rizwan , Marion Ophélie , Naushad Suzain , Zhang Yanyan , Halfaoui Maissa , Suffee Nadine , Morin Didier , Adnot Serge , Hatem Stéphane , Yavari Arash , Sawaki Daigo , Derumeaux Geneviève
Published: June 2021

Background:

Aging myocardium undergoes progressive cardiac hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis with diastolic and systolic dysfunction. Recent metabolomics studies shed light on amino acids in aging. The present study aimed to dissect how aging leads to elevated plasma levels of the essential amino acid phenylalanine and how it may promote age-related cardiac dysfunction.

Methods:

We studied cardiac structure and function, together with phenylalanine catabolism in wild-type (WT) and p21
−/−
mice (male; 2–24 months), with the latter known to be protected from cellular senescence. To explore phenylalanine’s effects on cellular senescence and ectopic phenylalanine catabolism, we treated cardiomyocytes (primary adult rat or human AC-16) with phenylalanine. To establish a role for phenylalanine in driving cardiac aging, WT male mice were treated twice a day with phenylalanine (200 mg/kg) for a month. We also treated aged WT mice with tetrahydrobiopterin (10 mg/kg), the essential cofactor for the phenylalanine-degrading enzyme PAH (phenylalanine hydroxylase), or restricted dietary phenylalanine intake. The impact of senescence on hepatic phenylalanine catabolism was explored in vitro in AML12 hepatocytes treated with Nutlin3a (a p53 activator), with or without p21-targeting small interfering RNA or tetrahydrobiopterin, with quantification of PAH and tyrosine levels.

Results:

Natural aging is associated with a progressive increase in plasma phenylalanine levels concomitant with cardiac dysfunction, whereas p21 deletion delayed these changes. Phenylalanine treatment induced premature cardiac deterioration in young WT mice, strikingly akin to that occurring with aging, while triggering cellular senescence, redox, and epigenetic changes. Pharmacological restoration of phenylalanine catabolism with tetrahydrobiopterin administration or dietary phenylalanine restriction abrogated the rise in plasma phenylalanine and reversed cardiac senescent alterations in aged WT mice. Observations from aged mice and human samples implicated age-related decline in hepatic phenylalanine catabolism as a key driver of elevated plasma phenylalanine levels and showed increased myocardial PAH-mediated phenylalanine catabolism, a novel signature of cardiac aging.

Conclusions:

Our findings establish a pathogenic role for increased phenylalanine levels in cardiac aging, linking plasma phenylalanine levels to cardiac senescence via dysregulated phenylalanine catabolism along a hepatic-cardiac axis. They highlight phenylalanine/PAH modulation as a potential therapeutic strategy for age-associated cardiac impairment.
Improving Prehospital Stroke Diagnosis Using Natural Language Processing of Paramedic Reports
Authors: Mayampurath Anoop , Parnianpour Zahra , Richards Christopher T. , Meurer William J. , Lee Jungwha , Ankenman Bruce , Perry Ohad , Mendelson Scott J. , Holl Jane L. , Prabhakaran Shyam
Published: June 2021

Background and Purpose:

Accurate prehospital diagnosis of stroke by emergency medical services (EMS) can increase treatments rates, mitigate disability, and reduce stroke deaths. We aimed to develop a model that utilizes natural language processing of EMS reports and machine learning to improve prehospital stroke identification.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective study of patients transported by the Chicago EMS to 17 regional primary and comprehensive stroke centers. Patients who were suspected of stroke by the EMS or had hospital-diagnosed stroke were included in our cohort. Text within EMS reports were converted to unigram features, which were given as input to a support-vector machine classifier that was trained on 70% of the cohort and tested on the remaining 30%. Outcomes included final diagnosis of stroke versus nonstroke, large vessel occlusion, severe stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score >5), and comprehensive stroke center-eligible stroke (large vessel occlusion or hemorrhagic stroke).

Results:

Of 965 patients, 580 (60%) had confirmed acute stroke. In a test set of 289 patients, the text-based model predicted stroke nominally better than models based on the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale (
c
-statistic: 0.73 versus 0.67,
P
=0.165) and was superior to the 3-Item Stroke Scale (
c
-statistic: 0.73 versus 0.53,
P
<0.001) scores. Improvements in discrimination were also observed for the other outcomes.

Conclusions:

We derived a model that utilizes clinical text from paramedic reports to identify stroke. Our results require validation but have the potential of improving prehospital routing protocols.
Inflammation and Stroke Risk: A New Target for Prevention
Authors: Kelly Peter J. , Lemmens Robin , Tsivgoulis Georgios
Published: June 2021

New therapeutic approaches are required for secondary prevention of residual vascular risk after stroke. Diverse sources of evidence support a causal role for inflammation in the pathogenesis of stroke. Randomized controlled trials of anti-inflammatory agents have reported benefit for secondary prevention in patients with coronary disease. We review the data from observational studies supporting a role for inflammation in pathogenesis of stroke, overview randomized controlled trials of anti-inflammatory therapy in cardiac disease and discuss the potential implications for stroke prevention therapy.
Flying fishes (Beloniformes: Exocoetidae) of the Socotra Archipelago with comments on status of Exocoetus socotranus Steindachner
Authors: SHAKHOVSKOY ILIA B. , BOGORODSKY SERGEY V.
Published: June 2021

A checklist of the flying fishes found in the waters off Socotra Archipelago, northwestern part of the Indian Ocean, is provided based on published and original data. Thirteen species from five genera occur in the study area, and four more species found nearby. Keys for the species identification are provided. The type specimen of Exocoetus socotranus Steindachner, 1902 was examined and is determined to be a junior synonym of Cypselurus naresii (Günther, 1889).
Two new species of Manulea Wallengren, 1863 from southwestern China and northern Vietnam (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini)
Authors: VOLYNKIN ANTON V. , SALDAITIS AIDAS
Published: June 2021

Two new species of the genus Manulea Wallengren, 1863 are described: Manulea lienquan sp. nov. (N Vietnam and SW China, Sichuan) and Manulea labahe sp. nov. (SW China, Sichuan). Eilema costipuncta postmaculosa (Matsumura, 1927) endemic to Taiwan Island is transferred to the genus Manulea and upgraded to the species level: Manulea postmaculosa (Matsumura, 1927), stat. rev. & comb. nov. A new combination is established: Manulea costipuncta (Leech, 1890), comb. nov. All taxa are illustrated in 16 colour and 10 black and white diagnostic figures.
Floresorchestia xueli, a new terrestrial crustacean (Amphipoda, Talitridae) from Yunnan, China
Authors: TONG YAN , HAO JIASHENG , LIU HONGGUANG , LI SHUQIANG , HOU ZHONGE
Published: June 2021

A new species, Floresorchestia xueli Tong & Hou, sp. nov. is described from high altitude habitats of Yunnan, China. The species differs morphologically from its congeners by left mandible lacinia mobilis having four teeth; coxal gills complexly lobed and convoluted; epimeral plates II–III without slits; telson with one slender facial spine and two terminal spines on each lobe. Analysis of DNA barcode sequences and niche distinctiveness support recognition of the new species.
Five new species of Western Atlantic stardrums, Stellifer (Perciformes: Sciaenidae) with a key to Atlantic Stellifer species
Authors: CHAO NING LABBISH , CARVALHO-FILHO ALFREDO , SANTOS JONAS DE ANDRADE
Published: June 2021

Five new species of Stellifer are described from the Caribbean Sea and tropical southwestern Atlantic. Among the previously recognized stelliferine genera, Stellifer is unique by having a pair of variably developed appendages on the posterior margin of the anterior gas chamber, which is lacking in Bairdiella, Corvula, Elattarchus, Odontoscion and Ophioscion. However, recent genetic studies indicated that Stellifer and Ophioscion are not monophyletic. The genus Ophioscion Gill, 1863 is recognized herein as a junior synonym of Stellifer Oken, 1817. Of the five new species described, Stellifer cervigoni n. sp., S. collettei n. sp., and S. musicki n. sp. have a pair of knob-like diverticula along the posterior margin of the anterior gas chamber, which is absent in S. macallisteri n. sp., and S. menezesi  n. sp. Stellifer cervigoni n. sp. is found along the southern Caribbean coast of Colombia and Venezuela; it can be distinguished from other species by having a jet-black roof of mouth and inner opercular lining. Stellifer collettei n. sp. is found from Surinam to southeastern Brazil, while S. musicki n. sp. is endemic to northern Brazil. Stellifer macallisteri n. sp. has an oblique, terminal mouth and it is found in Colombia, Venezuela and Dominican Republic. Stellifer menezesi n. sp. has a subterminal mouth and is found from northeastern to southeastern Brazil. These results bring the number of valid species of Stellifer in the Atlantic to 18, and a key to the identification of these species is included.
Doppler Radar Analysis of the Eyewall Replacement Cycle of Hurricane Matthew (2016) in Vertical Wind Shear
Authors: Cha Ting-Yu , Bell Michael M. , DesRosiers Alexander J.
Published: June 2021

Hurricane Matthew (2016) was observed by ground-based polarimetric radars in Miami (KAMX), Melbourne (KMLB), and Jacksonville (KJAX) and a NOAA P3 airborne tail Doppler radar near the coast of the southeastern United States during an eyewall replacement cycle (ERC). The radar observations indicate that Matthew’s primary eyewall was replaced with a weaker outer eyewall, but unlike a classic ERC, Matthew did not reintensify after the inner eyewall disappeared. Triple Doppler analysis was calculated from the NOAA P3 airborne fore and aft radar scanning combined with the KAMX radar data during the period of secondary eyewall intensification and inner eyewall weakening from 19 UTC 6 October to 00 UTC 7 October. Four flight passes of the P3 aircraft show the evolution of the reflectivity, tangential winds, and secondary circulation as the outer eyewall became well-established. Further evolution of the ERC is analyzed from the ground-based single Doppler radar observations for 35 hours with high temporal resolution at a 5-minute interval from 19 UTC 6 October to 00 UTC 8 October using the Generalized Velocity Track Display (GVTD) technique. The single-Doppler analyses indicate that the inner eyewall decayed a few hours after the P3 flight, while the outer eyewall contracted but did not reintensify and the asymmetries increased episodically. The analysis suggests that the ERC process was influenced by a complex combination of environmental vertical wind shear, an evolving axisymmetric secondary circulation, and an asymmetric vortex Rossby wave damping mechanism that promoted vortex resiliency despite increasing shear.
“We got in the pilot program to learn from it:” Features of Social Learning in Drought Contexts Along the Arkansas River in Colorado
Authors: Henderson Jen , Dilling Lisa , Morss Rebecca , Wilhelmi Olga , Rick Ursula
Published: June 2021

Unintended consequences from decisions made in one part of a social-ecological system (SES) in response to climate hazards can magnify vulnerabilities for others in the same system. Yet anticipating or identifying these cascades and spillovers in real time is difficult. Social learning is an important component of adaptation that has the ability to facilitate adaptive capacity by mobilizing multiple actors around a common resource to manage collectively in ways that build local knowledge, reflective practices, and a broader understanding of contexts for decisions. While the foundations of social learning in resource management have been theorized in the literature, empirical examples of unintended consequences that trigger social learning are few. This article analyzes two cases of drought decisions made along the Arkansas River Basin in Colorado; in each, social learning occurred after actors experienced unanticipated impacts from others’ decisions. Methods include interviews with actors, both individual and institutional representatives of different sectors (e.g. recreation, agriculture, etc.), and a review of relevant historical and policy documents. The study identifies four features of social learning that aided actors’ responses to unanticipated consequences: first, governance structures that facilitated more holistic river management; second, relationship boundaries that expanded beyond small scale decisions to capture interactions and emergent problems; third, knowledge of others’ previous experience, whether direct or indirect; and fourth, creation of spaces for safer experimentation with adaptation changes. Results identify empirical examples of actors who successfully learned to adapt together to unexpected consequences and thus may provide insight for others collectively managing drought extremes.
African Agency in Practice: Acquiring Agency and Institutional Change in the West African Health Organisation
Authors: Balogun Emmanuel
Published: June 2021

This article investigates how practitioners in the West African Health Organization (WAHO) obtain and exercise autonomous political agency in the development of regional health policy. While many process-driven accounts of African agency focus on the freedom and ability of African governments and regional organisations to act and not be acted upon, the article finds that it is necessary look within these agents to examine how they are constituted and the processes in which they acquire the capacity to be agents in their external interactions. This article shows that practitioners in WAHO rely on three institutional strategies that constitute them as agents within the organisation: networking with extra-regional partners; the inclusion of civil society in regional social policy; and the development of intra-organisational linkages to create insulation from political control. Through these strategic interactions, WAHO practitioners constitute themselves as agents within the organisation as well as autonomous agents in the broader global health theatre.
The Effects of Perioperative Peripheral Nerve Blocks on Peri- and Postoperative Opioid Use and Pain Management
Authors: Cardwell Taylor W. , Zabala Vanessa , Mineo Jocelyn , Ochner Christopher N.
Published: June 2021

Introduction

The amount of peri- and post-operative use of opioids for pain management, and the duration in which they are used following surgery, are positively associated with the likelihood of subsequent opioid use and addiction. Aware of this issue, many clinicians are seeking ways to reduce opioid use while maintaining adequate pain management. Recent evidence suggests that peripheral nerve block utilization may present a viable mechanism by which clinicians can accomplish this goal.

Methods

Ovid MEDLINE and Pubmed databases were searched to identify relevant articles. Using the advanced search option, the key terms “opioid,” “morphine,” “nerve block,” “peripheral anesthesia,” “pain management,” “preoperative,”, “intraoperative,” and “postoperative” were used and combined with the Boolean terms “AND” and “OR.” This review examines the extant literature surrounding the use of peripheral nerve blocks in relation to patient-reported pain scores, intraoperative opioids, postoperative opioids, patient-controlled analgesic with opioids, and opioid consumption once the patient has left the hospital. Further, the effect peripheral nerve blocks have on postoperative physical therapy, surgery related complications, and overall patient satisfaction are briefly discussed.

Results

The use of perioperative peripheral nerve blocks decreases opioid consumption not only in the postoperative period, but also intraoperatively as well. The most significant decrease in opioid consumption is seen in the first 24-72 hours postoperatively. Patient reported pain scores were also lower in patients who received peripheral nerve blocks.

Discussion

Despite relatively robust efficacy data, utilization of peripheral nerve blocks is not ubiquitous; the potential reasons for which are also discussed. Lastly, clinical recommendations based on the available data are provided.
What’s Wrong with Rights? A reply to three critics
Authors: Biggar Nigel
Published: June 2021

In this article, Nigel Biggar responds to three critical commentaries on his book What’s Wrong with Rights?, which have been offered by Matthew Anderson, Stewart Clem, and Elisabeth Kincaid.
Adult Reference Ranges for Serum Cystatin C, Creatinine and Predicted Creatinine Clearance
Authors: Finney Hazel , Newman David J , Price Christopher P
Published: June 2021

Serum cystatin C measurement has been previously shown by ourselves and others to be a better indicator of changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) than serum creatinine. However, the available literature on reference values for cystatin C concentration remains surprisingly sparse; we thus set out to determine an adult reference range. Blood was taken from 309 healthy blood donors and creatinine and cystatin C concentrations were measured using commercially available automated methodologies. In addition, predicted creatinine clearances were calculated using the Cockcroft and Gault formula. The 95% reference intervals for creatinine, predicted creatinine clearance and cystatin C for all blood donors, regardless of gender, were 68–118 μmol/L, 58–120 ml/min/1·73 m2 and 0·51–0·98 mg/L, respectively. For women, the intervals were 68–98 μmol/L, 60–119 ml/min/1·73 m2 and 0·49–0·94 mg/L; for men, they were 78–123 μmol/L, 57–122 ml/min/1·73 m2 and 0·56–0·98 mg/L. The mean 95% reference interval for cystatin C in all donors under 50 years of age was 0·53–0·92 mg/L; for those over 50 years of age it was 0·58–1·02 mg/L. The small difference between male and female ranges meant that a single reference range for cystatin C could be established for all adults under 50 years of age without adjustment for body surface area. Serum cystatin C measurement offers a simpler and more sensitive screening test than serum creatinine for early changes in GFR.
Why Physical Barriers Backfire: How Immigration Enforcement Deters Return and Increases Asylum Applications
Authors: Schon Justin , Leblang David
Published: June 2021

What, if any, effect do physical barriers have on cross-border population movements? The foundational claim that barriers reduce migration flows remains unsupported. We conceptualize barriers as a tool of immigration enforcement, which we contend is one form of state repression. State repression could reduce mobilization (reduce immigration), have no effect on mobilization (barriers as symbolic political tools), or increase mobilization (backfire). We evaluate the relationship between barriers and cross-border population movements using a global directed dyad-year dataset for the 1990–2016 time period of all contiguous dyads and nearby non-contiguous dyads. Using instrumental variables, we find that physical barriers actually increase refugee flows, consistent with the “backfire effect” identified in research on United States immigration enforcement policies on its Mexican border. Furthermore, we find that state repression (immigration enforcement) creates this “backfire effect” via a “sunk costs” problem that reduces movements of people and increases movement of status from migrant to refugee.
Culturally Responsive Teaching in Urban Secondary Schools
Authors: Tanase Madalina F.
Published: June 2021

Demographic data show an increasingly diverse student population in all urban settings. On the other hand, there continues to be a discrepancy about the student population and the teacher force, as the majority of the US teachers are predominately middle class, female, monolingual, and of European ancestry. This discrepancy adds complexity to an already complex profession. To bridge this cultural gap, researchers advocate for a change in the teaching paradigm, in which teachers understand the relationship between students’ culture and learning. This paradigm is called Culturally Responsive Teaching. This study followed 22 secondary mathematics and science teachers. The goal was to analyze some of the strategies used in urban schools, while at the same time determining whether these strategies were culturally responsive. Results show that teachers incorporated their students’ interests into the curriculum, making connections with real-life and allowing students to make many choices.
Preliminary Exploration of the Relationship between Veteran Family Membership, School Climate, and Adverse Outcomes among School-Aged Youth
Authors: Sullivan Kathrine , Dodge Jessica , Williamson Victoria , Alves-Costa Filipa , Barr Nicholas , Kintzle Sara , Fear Nicola T. , Castro Carl
Published: June 2021

Little is known about the functioning of children in veteran-connected families, who may experience a unique constellation of stressors including exposure to parental mental health symptoms and unemployment. Further, research has not previously considered the role of school climate in counteracting these stressors for veteran-connected students. This preliminary study examines the relationship between veteran parent’s mental health and employment with adverse outcomes for their school-age children, as well as the potential moderating effect of safe school climate. Participants were 218 veteran parents of children in K-12 schools, who completed the Chicago Veterans Survey, including measures of PTSD and depression, unemployment, a school safety scale drawn from the California School Parent Survey, and an adverse child functioning screening tool. Regression models suggest that depression symptomatology and perceptions of less safe school climate were significantly associated with adverse outcomes among veteran-connected students. Safe school climate buffered against the negative effects of parents’ depression symptoms, particularly at lower levels of depression severity. Findings suggest the need for future research to explore the potentially crucial role for schools, including teachers, administrators, and particularly school-based mental health providers, in supporting the healthy functioning of veteran-connected students and their families.
College-Bound Figured Worlds: Case Studies of Three Urban High Schools
Authors: Naughton Meredith R.
Published: June 2021

This qualitative case study explored the unique ways recent college graduates serving as full-time, near-peer mentors supported students along the path to college in three different urban public high schools. By applying the theory of figured worlds to school spaces and practices, this study sought to both define the physical and figurative ways mentors helped students envision and enact college-bound identities and compare and contrast the differences in these spaces across schools. Data and thematic analysis indicate that promoting the development and enactment of college-bound identities requires intentionality about how school culture, people, and policies enable real and figurative spaces for college-bound exploration and support.
Validity Evidence of The HOPE Scale in Korea: Identifying Gifted Students From Low-Income and Multicultural Families
Authors: Lee Hyeseong , Gentry Marcia , Maeda Yukiko
Published: June 2021

The underrepresentation of students from low-income families and of culturally diverse students is a longstanding and pervasive problem in the field of gifted education. Teachers play an important role in equitably identifying and serving students in gifted education; therefore, the Having Opportunities Promotes Excellence (HOPE) Scale was used in this study with a sample of Korean elementary school teachers ( n = 55) and their students ( n = 1,157). Confirmatory factor analysis and multigroup confirmatory factor analysis results suggested the HOPE Scale shows equivalence of model form, factor loading, and factor variances across different income and ethnic groups. A follow-up interview with teachers ( n = 6) revealed they acknowledged the importance of using the HOPE Scale as an additional method for identifying gifted students; however, they indicated less confidence about rating gifted students’ social characteristics compared with academic components in the HOPE Scale.
Unlearning and consent in the UK Fire and Rescue Service
Authors: Brooks James , Grugulis Irena , Cook Hugh
Published: June 2021

Why does so much literature on unlearning ignore the people who do the unlearning? What would we understand differently if we focused on those people? Much of the existing literature argues that unlearning can only be achieved, and new knowledge acquired, if old knowledge is discarded: the clean slate approach. This might be a reasonable way of organising stock in a warehouse, where room needs to be created for new deliveries, but it is not an accurate description of a human system. This article draws on a detailed qualitative study of learning in the UK Fire and Rescue Service to challenge the clean slate approach and demonstrate that, not only did firefighters retain their old knowledge, they used it as a benchmark to assess new routines and practices. This meant that firefighters’ trust in, and consent to, innovation was key to successful implementation. In order to understand the social aspects of unlearning, this research focuses on the people involved as active agents, rather than passive recipients or discarders of knowledge.
Potential rapist in Nepal punished by his family with attempted bobbittectomy
Authors: Atreya Alok , Baral Suman , Menezes Ritesh G , Thapa Neeraj , Budha Bishnu B , Karki Kamal
Published: June 2021

Male dominance in a patriarchal society can be attributed to the phallus which symbolises masculinity, power and vigour. Any injury to the penis is therefore, injury to manhood. We report a rare case from Nepal where an elderly man who allegedly committed a sexual offence suffered a malicious injury to his penis in retaliation by his family.
Goal Side Selection of Penalty Shots in Soccer: A Laboratory Study and Analyses of Men’s World Cup Shoot-Outs
Authors: Pereira Mauro R. , Patching Geoffrey R.
Published: June 2021

Penalty kicks in soccer provide a unique scenario in which to examine human choice behavior under competitive conditions. Here, we report two studies examining the tendency for soccer kickers to select the goal side with the largest area to the left or right of the goalkeeper’s veridical midline, when the goalkeeper stands marginally off-center. In Study I participants viewed realistic images of a soccer goal and goalkeeper with instructions to choose the left or right side of the goalmouth to best score a goal. We systematically displaced the goalkeeper’s position along the goal line; and, to simulate changes in the kicker’s viewing position, we systematically displaced the lateral position of the goalmouth in each image. While, overall, participants tended to choose the left over the right goal side, this preference was modulated by the goalkeeper’s position relative to the center of the goal and jointly on the lateral position of the goalmouth relative to the participants’ body midline. In Study II we analyzed 100 penalty shots from men’s world cup shoot-outs between the years 1982 to 2018. Again, we found a small tendency for kickers to aim the ball to the left goal side, but with barely any modulating effect of changes in the goalkeeper’s position and no effect of changes in the kicker’s position. In contrast to earlier claims that a goalkeeper may benefit by standing marginally to the left or right of the center of the goal to influence the direction of the kicker’s shot, our findings suggest that this is probably not a good strategy in elite football competitions.