bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ADHD and risky sexual behavior in adolescents: Conduct problems and substance use as mediators of risk
Authors: Sarver Dustin E. , McCart Michael R. , Sheidow Ashli J. , Letourneau Elizabeth J.
Published: May 2014

Background

Recent studies have linked attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to elevated rates of risky sexual behavior (RSB) in adult samples. The current study tested whether ADHD symptoms were associated with RSB among adolescents, and examined comorbid conduct problems and problematic substance use as joint mediators of this association.

Methods

ADHD symptoms, conduct problems (oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder symptoms), problematic alcohol use (alcohol use disorder symptoms, alcohol use frequency), problematic marijuana use (marijuana use disorder symptoms, marijuana use frequency), and RSB were assessed among an ethnically diverse cross‐sectional sample of adolescents (N = 115; mean age = 14.9 years) involved in the juvenile justice system.

Results

Bootstrapped mediation models revealed an initial association between ADHD symptoms and RSB that was accounted for fully by the influence of problematic alcohol and marijuana use, but not conduct problems. A follow‐up multiple groups mediation analysis demonstrated that the relationship between ADHD symptoms and RSB emerged only among youth with clinically elevated conduct problems, and that problematic marijuana use fully accounted for this relationship. Hyperactive/impulsive, but not inattentive, symptoms were related to RSB, although the pattern of indirect effects was consistent with the multiple groups analysis.

Conclusions

The association between ADHD and adolescent RSB is restricted to youth with elevated comorbid conduct problems and reflects the contributions of comorbid marijuana use problems, and to a lesser extent alcohol use problems. Early identification and treatment of these comorbid conditions may be important for the prevention of negative sexual health outcomes among youth with ADHD.
Relationship and factors responsible for regulating fasting and post‐challenge plasma glucose levels in the early stage development of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Aoyama‐Sasabe Sae , Xin Xin , Taniguchi Ataru , Nakai Yoshikatsu , Mitsui Rie , Tsuji Hideaki , Yabe Daisuke , Yasuda Koichiro , Kurose Takeshi , Inagaki Nobuya , Seino Yutaka , Fukushima Mitsuo
Published: May 2014

Aims/Introduction

Elevation of 2‐h plasma glucose (2‐h PG) levels keeps step with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels elevation, but some individuals show dominant elevation of 2‐h PG and others FPG. We analyzed dependent and independent relationships between 2‐h PG and FPG, and investigated the factors regulating 2‐h PG and FPG.

Materials and Methods

In 1,657 Japanese participants who underwent a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test at the initial examination for a medical check‐up, we carried out simple linear regression analysis between 2‐h PG and FPG levels on the three patterns of independent variables. We divided the participants into two subgroups: the 2‐h PG‐side group and the FPG‐side from the regression line, and examined the relationships between 2‐h PG‐FPG and factors responsible for elevation of plasma glucose levels.

Results

There was a significant positive correlation between 2‐h PG and FPG levels. The regression line of both 2‐h PG and FPG as independent variables was in accordance with the regression line of 2‐h PG as an independent variable and FPG as a dependent variable. In 2‐h PG‐side group, age was the independent factor affecting 2‐h PG in addition to insulinogenic index and insulin sensitivity index (ISI composite). In the FPG‐side group, triglyceride was the independent factor affecting FPG in addition to insulinogenic index and ISI composite.

Conclusions

Two‐hour PG was an independent predictor of FPG. In addition to the importance of decreased insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, age was the strong factor to elevate 2‐h PG levels in the 2‐h PG‐side group and triglyceride was the strong factor to elevate FPG levels in the FPG‐side group in the early stage of development of type 2 diabetes.
Treatment patterns with topicals, traditional systemics and biologics in psoriasis – a Swedish database analysis
Authors: Svedbom A. , Dalén J. , Mamolo C. , Cappelleri J.C. , Petersson I.F. , Ståhle M.
Published: May 2014

Background

Little data exist on real‐world treatment patterns in psoriasis, especially from European settings.

Objective

To estimate, for topicals, systemics and biologics, the time to non‐persistency, switching, augmentation and insufficient treatment result (only for biologics), as well as to estimate the time to restart, in patients treated with each treatment class in Sweden based on registry data.

Methods

This database analysis utilized data from patients with psoriasis from several Swedish administrative registers. Patients were identified through combinations of diagnoses from two regional registers and filled prescriptions for relevant treatments from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Kaplan–Meier time‐to‐event (‘survival’) functions were estimated with relevant treatment events as failure and the proportions of patients having experienced an event at specific time‐points were derived from the failure rates.

Results

For topicals, systemics and biologics the number of indexed treatment episodes were 25 396, 2963, and 628 respectively. One year after treatment initiation, the proportion of patients who were classed as non‐persistent with topicals, systemics and biologics were estimated at 88.3%, 47.9% and 43.2% respectively. Among patients who remained persistent, within 1 year of treatment start the proportions of treatment episodes in which patients were augmented were estimated at 56.0% for topicals, 45.3% for systemics and 58.9% for biologics. In addition, within 1 year of non‐persistence, 49.0% of topicals, 60.8% of systemics and 80.2% of biologics treatment episodes were re‐initiated, with 35.4–52.5% re‐initiated on the non‐persistent treatment depending on treatment class. In addition, among patients on biologics, 29.2% of treatment episodes had an insufficient treatment result within 1 year of treatment start.

Conclusion

Persistency to psoriasis treatments may be sub‐optimal and patients who remain persistent relatively frequently receive augmentation therapy or switch to another therapy. Therefore, current treatment options in psoriasis may be insufficient.
Experimental studies to improve the reliability and validity of regulatory judgments on health care in the Netherlands: a randomized controlled trial and before and after case study
Authors: Tuijn Saskia M. , van den Bergh Huub , Robben Paul , Janssens Frans
Published: May 2014

Rationale, aims and objectives

We examined the effect of two interventions on both the reliability and validity of regulatory judgments: adjusting the regulatory instrument and attending a consensus meeting.

Method

We adjusted the regulatory instrument. With a randomized controlled trial (RCT) we examined the effect of the adjustments we made to the instrument. In the consensus meeting inspectors discussed cases and had to reach consensus about the order of the cases. We used a before and after case study to assess the effect of the consensus meeting. We compared the judgments assigned in the RCT with the unadjusted instrument with the judgments assigned with the unadjusted instrument after the consensus meeting. Moreover we explored the effect of increasing the number of inspectors per regulatory visit based on the estimates of the two interventions.

Results

The consensus meeting improved the agreement between inspectors; the variance between inspectors was smallest (0.03) and the reliability coefficient was highest (0.59). Validity is assessed by examining the relation between the assigned judgments and the corporate standard and expressed by a correlation coefficient. This coefficient was highest after the consensus meeting (0.48). Adjustment of the instrument did not increase reliability and validity coefficients.

Conclusions

Participating in a consensus meeting improved reliability and validity. Increasing the number of inspectors resulted in both higher reliability and validity values. Organizing consensus meetings and increasing the number of inspectors per regulatory visit seem to be valuable interventions for improving regulatory judgments.
The effect of propofol on intravenous glucose tolerance test in rhesus monkey
Authors: Kim Jong Min , Shin Jun‐Seop , Yoon Il Hee , Min Byoung Hoon , Jeong Won Young , Lee Ga Eul , Kim Min Sun , Kim Ju Eun , Jang Jae Yool , Park Chung‐Gyu
Published: May 2014

Background

Many anesthetics have been shown to impair glucose metabolism and cause hyperglycemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of propofol on glucose metabolism and insulin secretion during intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) in rhesus monkey.

Methods

Serum cortisol, blood glucose, insulin, andC‐peptide concentrations duringIVGTTwere measured in four rhesus monkeys under either conscious state or propofol anesthesia.

Results and Conclusions

The levels of serum cortisol significantly increased under conscious condition, whereas these levels remained constant under propofol anesthesia. In propofol group, the levels of serum insulin andC‐peptide significantly increased compared with those in conscious group. Accordingly, glucose disposal capacity was significantly improved, and the time to return to basal glucose levels was shortened in propofol group. This study showed that propofol significantly increased insulin andC‐peptide, and the corresponding improvement in glucose disposal may be related to reduction of serum cortisol in monkey.
Strategies to Overcome Hostile Subclavian Anatomy during Transradial Coronary Angiography and Interventions: Impact on Fluoroscopy, Procedural Time, Complications, and Radial Patency
Authors: RIGATELLI GIANLUCA , DELL'AVVOCATA FABIO , VASSILIEV DOBRIN , DAGGUBATI RAMESH , NANJIUNDAPPA ARAVINDA , GIORDAN MASSIMO , AL AZZA KHALID , CARDAIOLI PAOLO , NGUYEN THACH
Published: May 2014

Background

Hostile anatomy of the subclavian artery (severe tortuosity and/or heavy calcification) remains a significant obstacle for the transradial approach during coronary angiography and interventions.

Objective

To assess impacts on fluoroscopy and procedural times, complications, and radial artery patency in patients with hostile subclavian anatomy by using multiple catheter‐guide techniques.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical and equipment data of 4,580 consecutive patients (mean age 74.4 ± 26.7 years, 49.5% females) who have been referred for transradial coronary angiography and/or interventions within the last 3 years (September 2010–September 2013). In order to overcome the strangling hold of a hostile subclavian artery, 2 techniques have been used: (1) for a coronary angiography‐only procedure, a double mother and child technique; (2) for percutaneous coronary intervention, a triple mother and child technique.

Results

Ninety‐five patients (2.1%) from the entire study population exhibited a hostile subclavian artery. Fifty‐two patients (1.1%) underwent coronary angiography only and 43 patients (1%) underwent interventions requiring the use of the above double or triple mother and child techniques, respectively. The 2 techniques were successful in 94.7% of patients (90/95 patients). The procedural time was significantly longer in the patients with hostile subclavian artery while there were no differences in the fluoroscopy time. The radial artery was patent at 30 days in 92.6% of patients (88/95 patients).

Conclusion

Our data showed that in the presence of hostile subclavian anatomy, the mother and child techniques appeared safe and effective, allowing for the completion of the intended procedure. (J Interven Cardiol 2014;27:428–434)
Long‐Term Vascular Responses to Resolute® and Xience V® Polymer‐Based Drug‐Eluting Stents in a Rabbit Model of Atherosclerosis
Authors: HOYMANS VICKY Y. , VAN DYCK CHRISTOPHE J. , HAINE STEVEN E. , FREDERIX GEERT , FRANSEN ERIK , TIMMERMANS JEAN‐PIERRE , VRINTS CHRISTIAAN J.
Published: May 2014

Objectives

To assess the late postinterventional response to iliac stenting in atheromatous rabbits using the Xience V everolimus‐eluting stent (Xience V EES; Abbott Vascular) and the Resolute zotarolimus‐eluting stent (Resolute ZES; Medtronic Vascular) with the MultiLink Vision bare metal stent (BMS; Abbott Vascular) as a reference.

Background

Xience V EES and Resolute ZES were developed to overcome shortcomings of first‐generation DES.

Methods

Functional and microscopic changes were assessed by organ bath experiments and histopathologic examination. Gene expression was investigated using RT‐PCR.

Results

After 91 days, re‐endothelialization was nearly complete (BMS: 93 ± 3%; Resolute ZES: 92 ± 2%; Xience V EES: 94 ± 3%; P = 0.10). Neointima thickness was similar in Resolute ZES (0.17 ± 0.08 mm) and BMS (0.17 ± 0.09 mm), and reduced in Xience V EES (0.03 ± 0.01 mm; P < 0.0001). Xience V EES had less peri‐strut inflammation compared with BMS (P = 0.001) and Resolute ZES (P = 0.0001), while arterial segments distal to Xience V EES were more sensitive to acetylcholine than those distal to BMS and Resolute ZES (P = 0.02). Lectin‐like oxidized receptor‐1 was overexpressed in stented arteries (P < 0.001), whereas thrombomodulin was downregulated in Resolute ZES (P = 0.01) and BMS (P = 0.02) compared to unstented arteries of rabbits on regular chow. No significant changes were seen for vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1, nitric oxide synthase 3, or endothelin‐1.

Conclusions

At 3‐month follow‐up, nearly complete re‐endothelialization was achieved for all stent groups. Xience V EES induced greater suppression of neointimal growth and peri‐strut inflammation, higher vasorelaxation to acetylcholine, and expression of thrombomodulin at the level of unstented controls. (J Interven Cardiol 2014;27:381–390)
DIETARY ADHERENCE IN CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: A REVIEW OF THE EVIDENCE
Authors: Apostolou Aggeliki , Karagiozoglou‐Lampoudi Τhomai
Published: May 2014

Background

In children with chronic kidney disease (CKD), a nutrition support plan is important to ensure optimal macro‐ and micro‐nutrient intake in order to avoid malnutrition, disease‐related complications and growth rate reduction. Children with CKD and their families encounter many difficulties in adjusting to the renal diet. Even though adherence to the recommended dietary plan is important in CKD, it is rarely measured partly due to the lack of robust, unbiased assessment methods.

Methods

In this review of 22 papers, the techniques used to assess adherence in children with CKD are reviewed, alongside their advantages and disadvantages.

Findings

Although dietary surveys, biochemical index assessment and clinician ratings have been found not to be efficient when used as a single tool, they should be used in combination in order to give the opportunity to the health providers to perceive adherence from as many angles as possible.
MANAGEMENT OF HYPERPHOSPHATAEMIA: PRACTICES AND PERSPECTIVES AMONGST THE RENAL CARE COMMUNITY
Authors: Nagel Christina Johanna Maria , Casal María Cruz , Lindley Elizabeth , Rogers Susan , Pancířová Jitka , Kernc Jennifer , Copley J. Brian , Fouque Denis
Published: May 2014

Background

Protein‐rich foods are a major source of dietary phosphorus; therefore, helping patients to increase their dietary protein intake, while simultaneously managing their hyperphosphataemia, poses a significant challenge for renal care professionals.

Objectives

To examine the clinical recommendations and practice perceptions of renal care professionals providing nutrition and phosphate control advice to patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods

Renal care professionals from four European countries completed an online survey on the clinical management of hyperphosphataemia.

Results

The majority of responders recommended a protein intake of less than 1.0 g/kg/day for pre‐dialysis patients, 1.2 g/kg/day for patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) and 1.1–1.2 g/kg/day for patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD). The most common perception was that maintaining dietary protein intake and reducing dietary phosphorus intake are equally important for hyperphosphataemia management. For patients in the pre‐dialysis stage, the majority of responders (59%) reported that their first‐line management recommendation would be reduction of dietary phosphorus. For patients undergoing PD and HD, the majority of responders (53% and 59%, respectively) reported a first‐line management recommendation of both reduction of dietary phosphorus and phosphate binder therapy. More renal nurses than dietitians perceived reducing dietary phosphorus to be more important than maintaining protein intake (for patients undergoing PD, 23% vs. 0%, respectively; for patients undergoing HD, 34% vs. 0%, respectively).

Conclusion

This renal care community followed professionally accepted guidelines for patient nutrition and management of hyperphosphataemia. There was disparity in the perceptions and recommendations between nurses and dietitians, highlighting the need to standardise management practices amongst renal care professionals.
Relationship between expression of human gingival beta‐defensins and levels of periodontopathogens in subgingival plaque
Authors: Wang P. , Duan D. , Zhou X. , Li X. , Yang J. , Deng M. , Xu Y.
Published: May 2014

Background and Objective

Human beta‐defensins (hBDs) are a group of antimicrobial peptides important in epithelial innate immunity, and their differential expression is associated with periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was to explore relationships among hBDs, total subgingival bacteria and periodontopathogens in healthy subjects and in patients with chronic periodontitis.

Material and Methods

The periodontal clinical parameters of 29 healthy subjects and 25 patients with chronic periodontitis were recorded. The relative expression of hBD1, hBD2 and hBD3 genes in gingival biopsies was measured using real‐time PCR. The numbers of total bacteria and of Treponema denticola, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Tannerella forsythia in subgingival plaque were quantified by real‐time PCR. Data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U‐test and Spearman's rank correlation test.

Results

No significant differences in expression of the hBD genes were found between the group of healthy subjects and the group of patients with chronic periodontitis. Total bacteria and T. denticola were detected in all participants. F. nucleatum and T. forsythia were detected in all patients with chronic periodontitis and in 86.21% and 51.72%, respectively, of healthy volunteers. P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans were detected in 24.14% and 17.24%, respectively, of the healthy group and in 84.00% and 12.00%, respectively, of the chronic periodontitis group. The prevalence of all bacteria, except A. actinomycetemcomitans, was significantly higher in the group of patients with chronic periodontitis than in the group of healthy subjects (p < 0.05). A significant, negative correlation was observed between total bacteria and hBD‐2 (r = −0.384, p = 0.011). Upon analyzing the data in different groups, total bacteria and hBD‐2 were significantly correlated (r = −0.492, p = 0.026) only in the group of healthy subjects.

Conclusion

The negative correlations between hBD‐2 and total bacteria, especially in the group of healthy subjects, indicate that hBDs may play an important role by limiting an increase of bacterial load at the initial stage of periodontitis.
Five‐year clinical results for treatment of intrabony defects with EMD, guided tissue regeneration and open‐flap debridement: a case series
Authors: Mitani A. , Takasu H. , Horibe T. , Furuta H. , Nagasaka T. , Aino M. , Fukuda M. , Fujimura T. , Mogi M. , Noguchi T.
Published: May 2014

Background and Objective

Although regenerative periodontal surgery with EMD or guided tissue regeneration (GTR) has been shown to enhance periodontal regeneration, there are limited data on the long‐term results following these treatment modalities. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the long‐term clinical outcomes in intrabony defects following regenerative periodontal surgery with EMD or GTR compared with open‐flap debridement (OFD).

Material and Methods

Data from 40 subjects (44 teeth), with no history of smoking or systemic diseases that could interfere with periodontal disease and who received one of three surgical procedures (EMD, GTR or OFD) for two‐ or three‐wall intrabony defects, were analyzed. Postoperative reduction in probing pocket depth, gain in clinical attachment level, gingival recession and percentage bone fill were compared at 1, 3 and 5 years.

Results

Reduction in probing pocket depth after GTR was significantly higher than after OFD at 1 and 3 years postoperatively, but there was no difference between the groups at 5 years. The gains in clinical attachment level for EMD (at 3 and 5 years) and for GTR (at 1, 3 and 5 years) were significantly greater than for OFD. Gingival recession after treatment with EMD and GTR showed a tendency toward positive results, whereas no such tendency was observed for OFD. Postoperative percentage bone fill for EMD and GTR was significantly greater than for OFD at 3 and 5 years.

Conclusions

This is a retrospective study and an exploratory report with a high risk of bias. Within the limits of the current study, it may be concluded that superior gains in clinical attachment level and improved percentage bone fill can be obtained with EMD and GTR when compared with OFD, and these can be maintained over a period of 5 years.
Effects of fatigue from sleep deprivation on experimental periodontitis in rats
Authors: Nakada T. , Kato T. , Numabe Y.
Published: May 2014

Background and Objective

Factors such as vascularization of the periodontium, inflammatory reactions and immune response affect the oral environment and ecology, decreasing host resistance and promoting the development of symptoms and the advancement of periodontal disease. Fatigue also influences the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and reports relate it to systemic resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether fatigue is a modifying factor for periodontal disease in rats.

Material and Methods

We divided 24 3‐wk‐old male Sprague–Dawley rats randomly into the following four groups: control; fatigue (deep sleep deprivation for 7 d); infection (rats inoculated with carboxymethyl cellulose containing periodontopathic bacteria); and compound (combined fatigue and infection conditions). Weight, serum corticosterone levels, serum albumin levels, interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α expression levels and distance from the cement–enamel junction to the alveolar bone crest were measured at baseline, and on the 36th (before sleep deprivation), 43rd (immediately after sleep deprivation) and 57th d (end of experiment).

Results

Immediately after sleep deprivation and at the end of the experiment, weight gain in the fatigue and compound groups was significantly lower than in controls (p < 0.05). Immediately after sleep deprivation, serum corticosterone levels were significantly higher in the fatigue and compound groups than in controls (p < 0.05). Moreover, serum albumin levels were significantly lower in the fatigue and compound groups than in controls (p < 0.05). Immediately after sleep deprivation, gene expression of interleukin‐1β was significantly higher in the infection and compound groups than in controls (p < 0.05). Moreover, gene expression of tumor necrosis factor‐α was significantly higher in the compound group than in controls (p < 0.05). At the end of the experiment, the distance from the cement–enamel junction to the alveolar bone crest was significantly higher in the infection and compound groups than in controls (p < 0.05). Moreover, the distance was significantly higher in the compound group than in the infection group.

Conclusions

Fatigue worsened systemic health in rats and increased gingival inflammation and alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis. In conclusion, our results suggest that fatigue is a modifying factor for periodontal disease in rats.
Relationship between metabolic syndrome and periodontitis in 80‐year‐old Japanese subjects
Authors: Minagawa K. , Iwasaki M. , Ogawa H. , Yoshihara A. , Miyazaki H.
Published: May 2014

Background and Objective

Potentially significant associations between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and periodontitis have been reported in recent studies; however, there are limited data on their association in the very old. The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to investigate the association between MetS and periodontitis among 80‐year‐old Japanese subjects.

Material and Methods

The subjects were 234 Japanese aged 80 years old who participated in a health and periodontal examination in June 2008 in Niigata city, Japan, and were classified into three groups: (i) severe periodontitis: having six or more interproximal sites with clinical attachment level ≥ 6 mm and three or more interproximal sites with probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥ 5 mm (not on the same tooth) (n = 19); (ii) moderate periodontitis: having six or more interproximal sites with clinical attachment level ≥ 4 mm or six or more interproximal sites with PPD ≥ 5 mm (not on the same tooth) (n = 162); and (iii) no or mild periodontitis: neither “moderate” nor “severe” periodontitis (n = 53). MetS was defined using the modified criteria of the guidelines for the diagnosis of MetS in Japan. An ordinal logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between MetS and periodontitis. Adjustments for gender, income, education, smoking status, dental visiting patterns, brushing frequency, exercise habits and dietary energy and food intake were considered.

Results

Overall, 57 individuals (24.4%) were diagnosed as having MetS. MetS was associated with the presence and severity of periodontitis (crude odds ratio = 2.24, 95% confidence interval = 1.14–4.41). This association remained statistically significant after multivariate adjustments (adjusted odds ratio = 2.10, 95% confidence interval = 1.03–4.28).

Conclusion

Our findings provide evidence of an association between MetS and periodontitis in elderly Japanese.
Sleep duration and history of stroke among adults from the USA
Authors: Fang Jing , Wheaton Anne G. , Ayala Carma
Published: May 2014

Although short sleep duration is related to chronic conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes and obesity, the association with stroke is less well known. Using 2006–2011 National Health Interview Surveys, we assessed the association between self‐reported duration of sleep and prevalence of stroke stratifying by age and sex. Of the 154 599 participants aged 18 years or older, 29.2%, 61.8% and 9.0% reported they sleep ≤6, 7–8 and ≥9 h per day, respectively. Corresponding age‐standardized prevalence of stroke were 2.78%, 1.99% and 5.21% (P < 0.001). Logistic regression models showed a higher prevalence of stroke among those who slept ≤6 or ≥9 h a day compared with those who slept 7–8 h, after adjusting for sociodemographic, behavioural and health characteristics. Further stratifying by age and sex showed that the association of duration of sleep and stroke differed among different age or sex groups. Among young adults (18–44 years), a higher prevalence of stroke was found among women with short sleep. Higher prevalence of stroke was found among middle‐aged men and women reporting short or long sleep duration. Among older adults (≥65 years), higher prevalence of stroke was found only among those who slept ≥9 h. In this national sample of adults, the association between duration of sleep and stroke varied by sex and age. Although there was an association of short sleep duration with stroke, we also observed the association of long sleep duration with stroke, especially among those aged 65 years or older.
Inpatient resource utilization, disease severity, mortality and insurance coverage for patients hospitalized for hepatitis C virus in the United States
Authors: Younossi Z. M. , Otgonsuren M. , Henry L. , Arsalla Z. , Stepnaova M. , Mishra A. , Venkatesan C. , Hunt S.
Published: May 2014

Although the incidence of new hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has fallen, HCV‐related complications are on the rise. Our aim was to assess and describe the 2005–2009 national inpatient mortality and resource utilization trends for patients with HCV. Data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) and the National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) between 2005 and 2009 were analyzed. Included were all adult hospital discharges with HCV‐related ICD‐9 codes. Incremental hospital charge, in‐hospital mortality and length of stay (LOS) were estimated using n = 1000 bootstrap replicates clustered by unique hospital identifier. A total of 123 939 (0.38%) discharges were related to HCV (primary or secondary diagnosis). In‐hospital mortality increased from 1.7% (2005) to 2.6% (2009) (P < 0.001). Inflation‐adjusted charges increased 2% annually from 2005 ($16 455 ±  $570) to 2009 ($17 532 ±  $1007, P = 0.029). This increase occurred despite the average LOS (5 days) and hospital costs ($6500) remaining stable while at the same time, hospital‐to‐hospital transfer admissions and disposition to home health care increased. HCV‐related hepatocellular carcinoma predicted longer hospital stay and death; older age predicted death; and receiving more procedures predicted higher hospital costs. The percentage of patients with private insurance significantly decreased (4.7%), while government‐sponsored insurance and uninsured increased by 2.5% and 2.1%, respectively (P < 0.05). Uninsured patients had a 49%–72% greater chance of dying during hospitalization than those with government‐sponsored insurance. HCV‐related inpatient mortality and resource utilization have increased. HCC was the largest predictor for mortality and resource utilization. These data are consistent with the rising clinical and societal burden of chronic hepatitis C in the United States.
Closing the gap between plant ecology and Quaternary palaeoecology
Authors: Reitalu Triin , Kuneš Petr , Giesecke Thomas
Published: May 2014

Ecology and Quaternary palaeoecology have largely developed as parallel disciplines. Although both pursue related questions, information exchange is often hampered by particularities of the palaeoecological data and a communication gap has been perceived between the disciplines. Based on selected topics and developments mainly in Quaternary palaeoecology, we show that both disciplines have converged somewhat during recent years, while we still see untapped potential for closer interactions. Macroecology is probably the discipline that most easily combines different time scales and where co‐operations between palaeoecologists, geneticists and vegetation modellers have been inspiring. Quantitative vegetation reconstructions provide robust estimates of tree composition and land cover at different spatial scales, suitable for testing hypotheses about long‐term vegetation changes or as quantitative background data in studies on contemporary vegetation patterns. Palaeo data also hold yet unexplored potential to study the drivers of long‐term diversity, and aspects of functional diversity may facilitate comparisons between continents and over glacial–interglacial cycles.
Error Analysis of Mathematical Word Problem Solving Across Students with and without Learning Disabilities
Authors: Kingsdorf Sheri , Krawec Jennifer
Published: May 2014

Solving word problems is a common area of struggle for students with learning disabilities (LD). In order for instruction to be effective, we first need to have a clear understanding of the specific errors exhibited by students with LD during problem solving. Error analysis has proven to be an effective tool in other areas of math but has had little application to errors in word problems. Using an error analysis approach, this study aimed to investigate in depth the various types and frequency of errors made by students with LD and their AA peers during math problem solving. The resulting similarities and differences between the two groups of students are discussed with insight into underlying cognitive processes, and implications for future research.
Identifying Writing Difficulties in First Grade: An Investigation of Writing and Reading Measures
Authors: Ritchey Kristen D. , Coker David L.
Published: May 2014

Early identification of students who are at risk for writing difficulties is an important first step in improving writing performance. First grade students (N = 150) were administered a set of early writing measures and reading measures in January. Sentence Writing Quality and Oral Reading Fluency demonstrated strong classification accuracy when a Teacher Rating was used to identify which students had writing difficulties (AUC > .90), and the combined measures yielded sensitivity and specificity indices exceeding 0.90. The combined reading and writing measures yielded AUCs of a higher magnitude than those associated with individual measures when norm‐referenced writing subtests were used to identify which students had writing difficulties (AUC in .80 range). The findings suggest that it may be possible to accurately identify which students may be at risk for writing difficulties within first grade.
Teaching Subtraction and Multiplication with Regrouping Using the Concrete‐Representational‐Abstract Sequence and Strategic Instruction Model
Authors: Flores Margaret M. , Hinton Vanessa , Strozier Shaunita D.
Published: May 2014

Based on Common Core Standards (2010), mathematics interventions should emphasize conceptual understanding of numbers and operations as well as fluency. For students at risk for failure, the concrete‐representational‐abstract (CRA) sequence and the Strategic Instruction Model (SIM) have been shown effective in teaching computation with an emphasis on conceptual understanding. No studies have investigated the effects of CRA and SIM for teaching multiplication with regrouping. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to replicate and extend the literature, teaching subtraction and multiplication with regrouping using CRA and SIM. Three students receiving tier three mathematics interventions participated. A multiple‐probe across behaviors design was used to show a functional relation. All of the students demonstrated increases in fluency across all regrouping tasks.
Successful Case of Conservative Treatment of Vesicovaginal Fistula by Hodge Pessary Insertion
Authors: PARK Soo‐Hwan , PARK Won Hee , KIM Hyeong Gon
Published: May 2014

Case

An 88‐year‐old woman visited us with a complaint of total urinary leak, and was diagnosed as having vesicovaginal fistula after pessary insertion. A part of pessary was seen in the bladder and it was removed by cutting pessary in the vagina. And then she was managed by antibiotics, local estrogen cream and Foley catheter indwelling.

Outcome

Vesicovaginal fistula was healed completely. This is the first successful case of conservative treatment of vesicovaginal fistula caused by vaginal pessary without surgical repair.

Conclusion

The conservative approach could be an option of treatments of vesicovaginal fistula caused by neglected vaginal pessary.
Liver transplantation for Wilson's disease
Authors: Schilsky Michael L.
Published: May 2014

Although Wilsons's disease (WD) may be treated with copper chelation (to remove copper) or zinc salts (to prevent absorption) to alleviate or prevent symptom development in most patients, there are WD patients for whom medical therapy is inadequate and survival would be unlikely without liver transplantation. Liver transplantation is indicated for the ∼5% of WD patients with acute liver failure as the first presentation of disease, most commonly in the second decade of life, or those who present with end‐stage liver disease and severe hepatic insufficiency, most commonly in the third and fourth decades. Liver transplantation restores normal biliary copper excretion (thereby preventing disease recurrence) and promotes removal of copper from extrahepatic sites. Outcomes of liver transplantation for WD are excellent, including both cadaveric and living donors.
Anesthesia for interventional radiology
Authors: Landrigan‐Ossar Mary , McClain Craig D.
Published: May 2014

Pediatric patients in the neurointerventional radiology setting pose the dual challenges of caring for relatively sick patients in the outfield environment. For safe and successful practice, the anesthesiologist must not only understand the nuances of pediatric anesthesia and the physiologic demands of the cerebral lesions. They must also help maintain a team‐based approach to safe, compassionate care of the child in this challenging setting. In this review article, we summarize key aspects of success for several of these topics.
Be Fair, Your Employees Are Watching: A Relational Response Model of External Third‐Party Justice
Authors: Dunford Benjamin B. , Jackson Christine L. , Boss Alan D. , Tay Louis , Boss R. Wayne
Published: May 2014

There is growing theoretical recognition in the organizational justice literature that an organization's treatment of external parties (such as patients, community members, customers, and the general public) shapes its own employees’ attitudes and behavior toward it. However, the emerging third‐party justice literature has an inward focus, emphasizing perceptions of the treatment of other insiders (e.g., coworkers or team members). This inward focus overlooks meaningful “outward” employee concerns relating to how organizations treat external parties. We propose a relational response model to advance the third‐party justice literature asserting that the organization's fair treatment of external parties sends important relational signals to employees that shape their social exchange perceptions toward their employer. Supporting this proposition, in two multisource studies in separate healthcare organizations we found that patient‐directed justice had indirect effects on supervisory cooperative behavior ratings through organizational trust and organizational identification.
Are Telecommuters Remotely Good Citizens? Unpacking Telecommuting's Effects on Performance Via I‐Deals and Job Resources
Authors: Gajendran Ravi S. , Harrison David A. , Delaney‐Klinger Kelly
Published: May 2014

Despite their widespread adoption, concerns remain that virtual work arrangements can harm employee job performance and citizenship behavior. Does telecommuting really hamper these critical dimensions of employee effectiveness? To answer this question, we develop a theoretical framework linking telecommuting to task and contextual performance via a dual set of mechanisms—reflecting proposed effects of i‐deals and job resources. Further, we propose that the meaning of and outcomes from these paths depend on the social context surrounding telecommuting. We test the framework with field data from 323 employees and 143 matched supervisors across a variety of organizations. As predicted, we find that telecommuting is positively associated with task and contextual performance, directly and indirectly via perceived autonomy. These beneficial effects are contingent upon two aspects of the social context: leader‐member exchange and signals of its normative appropriateness among coworkers and one's supervisor.
Reducing social pain: Sex differences in the impact of physical pain relievers
Authors: VANGELISTI ANITA L. , PENNEBAKER JAMES W. , BRODY NICHOLAS , GUINN TREY D.
Published: May 2014

There is evidence that social pain or “hurt feelings” and physical pain share the same neural system. Although researchers have found that a physical pain reliever can reduce social pain, studies suggest that sex differences may influence these findings. Our results indicate that women who took ibuprofen felt less hurt or social pain when they were excluded from a game and when they relived a painful experience than did women who took a placebo. Men who took the pain reliever, by contrast, felt more hurt in both situations than did those who took the placebo. Further, the sex difference revealed in men's and women's ratings of their social pain was reflected in their open‐ended verbal descriptions of social and physical pain.
MRD detection of leukemia relapse using HLA typing by FACS in combination with FISH after mismatched allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Miyachi Mitsuru , Watanabe Eri , Watanabe Nobukazu , Tsuma Yusuke , Kawashima‐Goto Sachiko , Tamura Shinichi , Imamura Toshihiko , Ishida Hiroyuki , Hosoi Hajime
Published: May 2014

Loss of mismatched HLA is a cause of relapse following HLA‐mismatched allo‐SCT. We directly detected the loss of mismatched HLA alleles in relapsed leukemic cells at a MRD level using HLA typing by multicolor FACS (HLA‐Flow) in combination with FISH in the BM of two patients with MLL‐AF9‐positive AML, at 6 and 10 months after mismatched allo‐SCT. HLA‐Flow with FISH analysis detected relapsed leukemic cells not expressing a mismatched HLA allele and harboring the MLL rearrangement. Simultaneously, real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR detected a low copy number of MLL‐AF9 transcripts, consistent with MRD detection. HLA‐Flow with FISH is a powerful method for detecting molecular relapse after mismatched allo‐SCT and provides important information on the HLA expression status of the relapsed leukemic cells to help determine the next intervention.
Acquired discrete subaortic stenosis in solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Tsuda Takeshi , Dunn Stephen , Radtke Wolfgang
Published: May 2014

DSS is a rare acquired abnormality of the LV outflow tract in children and adults. DSS can be seen with or without associated congenital heart disease, but the mechanism of its emergence has been poorly understood. Here, we report two cases of DSS that developed after solid organ transplant in childhood. One patient underwent liver and kidney transplant at three yr of age for hereditary polycystic disease, and the other had liver transplant at three months of age due to uncontrollable high‐output failure secondary to a large hepatic hemangioma. Both patients developed mild dynamic LV outflow tract obstruction and systemic hypertension soon after transplant, both of which resolved by the time of discharge. Transient LV hypertrophy was observed in both cases. Corticosteroids, cyclosporine A, and tacrolimus were used as initial immunosuppressants. Both patients developed DSS long after the regression of the initial dynamic LV outflow tract obstruction. Herein, we report DSS as an atypical late cardiovascular complication after solid organ transplant and postulate that transient post‐transplant hyperdynamic LV outflow tract obstruction and chronic immunosuppressive treatment may lead to subendocardial remodeling resulting in a fibromuscular membranous ridge in susceptible subjects.
Outcomes of renal transplant in patients with anti‐complement factor H antibody‐associated hemolytic uremic syndrome
Authors: Khandelwal Priyanka , Sinha Aditi , Hari Pankaj , Bansal Virinder K. , Dinda Amit K. , Bagga Arvind
Published: May 2014

Atypical HUS associated with anti‐CFH autoantibodies is an uncommon illness associated with high risk of progression to end‐stage renal disease. Disease relapses after transplantation, observed in one‐third cases, often lead to graft loss. We report four patients with anti‐CFH antibody‐associated HUS who underwent renal transplantation 16–62 months from initial presentation. Two patients each received organs from deceased and living‐related donors. Anti‐CFH antibody titers were monitored during the illness and following transplantation. All patients received two doses of IV rituximab before or after transplantation; three patient each received 1–2 g/kg of IV immunoglobulin or underwent 2–5 sessions of plasma exchanges. The use of therapeutic plasma exchange, IV immunoglobulin, and rituximab in two cases enabled two‐third reduction in anti‐CFH antibody titers before transplantation. At 5‐ to 26‐month follow‐up, all patients showed satisfactory graft function without recurrence of HUS. This is the first report of patients with anti‐CFH antibody‐associated HUS who underwent living‐related renal transplantation. Clearance of anti‐CFH antibody by therapeutic plasma exchange and adjuvant immunosuppression aimed at decreasing antibody levels may enable successful transplantation and recurrence‐free survival.
Hepatic venous outflow obstruction in pediatric liver transplantation: Technical considerations in prevention, diagnosis, and management
Authors: Sommovilla J. , Doyle M. M. , Vachharajani N. , Saad N. , Nadler M. , Turmelle Y. P. , Weymann A. , Chapman W. C. , Lowell J. A.
Published: May 2014

HVOO creates significant diagnostic and management dilemmas in pediatric liver transplant recipients, particularly with TVGs (split or reduced‐size grafts). Numerous technical variations for the hepatic vein to IVC anastomosis have been described to minimize the incidence of this complication, but no consensus for an optimal anastomotic technique exists. One hundred and thirty‐four liver transplants (70 TVGs) were performed in 124 patients between 1994 and 2011. These were divided into two cohorts. Group 1 (95 transplants, 41 TVGs) utilized a continuous running anastomosis. Group 2 (39 transplants, 29 TVGs) implemented a triangulated (three‐stitch) anastomosis. All were reviewed for demographics, diagnostics, interventions, and outcome. The overall HVOO incidence was seven of 134 transplants (5.2%) and six of 70 transplants utilizing TVGs (8.6%). Group 1 incidence was five of 41 (12.2%) compared with one of 29 (3.4%; p = 0.20, OR 3.89) in Group 2. Liver Doppler was employed in all patients, and only three suggested HVOO. All patients with HVOO underwent venogram, at a median of 81 days post‐transplant. All underwent percutaneous venoplasty and required 1–6 treatments, all resulting in HVOO resolution. Incidence of HVOO has improved since adopting the triangulated anastomosis, although not to a level of statistical significance. US is not adequately sensitive to exclude HVOO. Venogram is recommended in patients with prolonged ascites, and venoplasty has been highly successful in HVOO treatment.
Use of belatacept to maintain adequate early immunosuppression in calcineurin‐mediated microangiopathic hemolysis post‐renal transplant
Authors: Reynolds B. C. , Talbot D. , Baines L. , Brown A.
Published: May 2014

We report a 17‐yr‐old boy who developed a microangiopathic hemolytic anemia presumed secondary to tacrolimus shortly following a living‐related donor renal transplant. This was initially managed by plasmapheresis. Reinstitution of calcineurin inhibition using cyclosporine led to recurrence of hemolysis, so an alternative agent was needed. He was commenced on monthly intravenous belatacept, with no further recurrence of the hemolysis, and subsequent stable graft function. Modulation via CTLA‐4 offers an alternative immunosuppressive tactic if current regimens produce graft threatening adverse effects. The method of administration and frequency of dosage of belatacept also lends itself well to the high‐risk period of adolescence and transition. We propose that belatacept may therefore also have utility in difficult cases complicated by poor concordance, common in the adolescent age group.