bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zmiana zawartości składników odżywczych, cholesterolu i błonnika w dietach eliminujących produkty pochodzenia zwierzęcego. Część I – makroskładniki
Authors: Szczuko Małgorzata , Komorniak Natalia , Hołowko Joanna , Kinowska Kamila , Jasińska Anna , Kowalska Kamila
Published: September 2018

ABSTRAKTWstęp: Wykluczenie produktów pochodzenia zwierzęcego z codziennego jadłospisu związane jest z wieloma aspektami, m.in. ekonomicznymi, społecznymi, psychologicznymi i zdrowotnymi.Materiały i metody: Zgodnie z zasadami racjonalnego żywienia ułożono 25 jadłospisów o kaloryczności ±2000 kcal. Każdy z jadłospisów zmodyfikowano, tworząc 5 rodzajów diet eliminujących produkty pochodzenia zwierzęcego: dietę semiwegetariańską, laktoowowegetariańską, wegańską, dietę eliminującą mięso i nabiał oraz dietę wykluczającą tylko produkty mleczne. Otrzymane średnie zawartości składników odżywczych w dietach przeanalizowano przy użyciu programu Statistica 12.0.Wyniki: W analizowanych dietach podaż wielonienasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych wzrastała wraz z eliminacją mięsa i nabiału, a długołańcuchowych wielonienasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych wraz ze spożyciem ryb, mięsa i jaj. Udział białka roślinnego, węglowodanów i błonnika wzrastał istotnie w diecie wegańskiej, eliminującej nabiał oraz wykluczającej nabiał i mięso. Zaobserwowano także istotne zmiany w średniej zawartości poszczególnych aminokwasów. Zawartość histydyny spadała istotnie wraz z eliminacją mięsa w diecie. Nadto eliminacja mięsa i ryb wiązała się z istotnym obniżeniem zawartości waliny, treoniny, fenyloalaniny, metioniny, lizyny oraz izoleucyny. Dodatkowo w diecie wegańskiej odnotowano obniżenie zawartości aminokwasów endogennych – alaniny i cystyny.Wnioski: Niezależnie od rodzaju stosowanej diety eliminującej produkty pochodzenia zwierzęcego należy zadbać o jej odpowiednie zbilansowanie, aby zapobiec powstawaniu groźnych dla funkcjonowania organizmu niedoborów. Biorąc pod uwagę spożycie składników odżywczych, szczególnie w diecie wegańskiej, należy uwzględnić suplementację kwasami eikozapentaenowym i dokozaheksaenowym. Natomiast niskie spożycie tryptofanu wraz z ograniczeniem produktów mięsnych oraz pochodzenia zwierzęcego może być przeciwwskazaniem stosowania takich diet u sportowców, a także w stanach zaburzenia wytwarzania serotoniny, melatoniny i rodopsyny, obniżonej odporności, zaburzeniach poziomu neuroprzekaźników prowadzących do stanów lękowych i depresyjnych.
Ocena aktywności antyoksydacyjnej ananasa jadalnego (Ananas comosus)
Authors: Zielonka-Brzezicka Joanna , Nowak Anna , Klimowicz Adam , Duchnik Wiktoria , Wira Daria , Wysocka Daria , Grzesiak Karolina , Rędzikowska Ewelina , Synowiec Laura , Ptak Barbara , Bilska Joanna
Published: September 2018

ABSTRAKTWstęp: Ananas jest powszechnie znanym owocem tropikalnym, cenionym zarówno ze względu na walory smakowe, jak i właściwości odżywcze, gdyż stanowi źródło związków pozytywnie wpływających na zdrowie. W skład owocu wchodzą witaminy C, A i B1, beta-karoten, enzymy proteolityczne, cukry, a także flawonoidy i polifenole, które zaliczane są do szerokiej grupy przeciwutleniaczy.Celem pracy była ocena właściwości antyoksydacyjnych wyciągów alkoholowych sporządzonych z różnych części rośliny.Materiały i metody: Ocenie aktywności przeciwutleniającej poddano alkoholowe ekstrakty z owocostanu, liści przykwiatowych i okrywy ananasa jadalnego. Jako rozpuszczalniki użyto 70% (v/v) i 96% (v/v) etanol oraz 99,8% (v/v) metanol. Wykorzystano metodę ekstrakcji wspomaganą ultradźwiękami. Do analizy badanych właściwości ekstraktów posłużyła metoda z użyciem odczynnika 2,2-difenylo-1-pikrylohydrazylu (DPPH), oznaczanie zdolności redukowania jonów żelaza (FRAP) oraz metoda Folina–Ciocalteu.Wyniki: Działanie przeciwutleniające otrzymanych wyciągów zależne było zarówno od części owocu, z której pozyskano ekstrakty, jak i czasu ekstrakcji oraz rodzaju użytego rozpuszczalnika. W przypadku analiz z użyciem metod DPPH i FRAP najbardziej wartościowe okazały się wyciągi z okrywy i miąższu ananasa jadalnego, natomiast przy oznaczeniu metodą Folina–Ciocalteu – z miąższu. Najkorzystniejszym ekstrahentem okazał się 70% (v/v) etanol.Wnioski: Ekstrakty z ananasa jadalnego wykazują umiarkowaną aktywność antyoksydacyjną, zależną od części rośliny oraz zastosowanego rozpuszczalnika. Mimo niewysokich wartości może być on przydatny jako składnik pożywienia pomocny w utrzymaniu dobrego stanu zdrowia z uwagi na inne korzystne właściwości i obecność cennych substancji aktywnych.
Listerioza – rzadka choroba o poważnym rokowaniu
Authors: Jankowska Agata , Borowiak Anna , Kordek Agnieszka , Łoniewska Beata
Published: September 2018

ABSTRAKTListerioza jest chorobą zakaźną wywołaną przez Gram-dodatnią bakterię występującą przede wszystkim w produktach spożywczych pochodzenia zwierzęcego spożywanych na zimno. Do zakażenia dochodzi najczęściej drogą pokarmową. Choroba dotyka głównie osób z obniżoną odpornością, kobiet ciężarnych i noworodków, u których może występować w postaci wczesnej lub późnej, w zależności od czasu, w jakim doszło do zakażenia. Przebieg choroby jest bardzo ciężki, śmiertelność bardzo wysoka, a powikłania neurologiczne występują u 10–15% dzieci. W pracy przedstawiono przypadek noworodka z wrodzonym zakażeniem Listeria monocytogenes.
Oil price movements, exchange rate and Nigerian manufacturing sector growth: a short-run analysis
Authors: Omolade Adeleke , Ngalawa Harold
Published: September 2018

The paper conducts a short-run analysis of the implications of oil price movements and exchange rate relationship for the Nigerian manufacturing sector growth between January 2008 and September 2017. Monthly data are extracted on variables such as oil price, exchange rate, inflation rate, interest (lending) rate, money supply and the manufacturing sector growth rate. Oil price movements are viewed in terms of both volatility and change. While EGARCH is used to estimate oil price volatility, oil price change is measured using Hamilton index for both oil price sharp drop and jump. The SVAR results indicate that exchange rate and inflation rate are more responsive to sharp drop in oil price. The two variables also have the highest impact on the manufacturing sector growth. Findings further indicate that Nigerian manufacturing sector is more affected at the cost side than the output side. This underscores the importance of tackling the inflation pressure in Nigeria from the structural perspective as against the monetary perspective.
WIND DRIVEN WAVES' ENERGETIC POTENTIAL ASSESSMENT ON BRAZILIAN SOUTH-SOUTHEASTERN COAST
Authors: Oleinik Phelype Haron , Marques Wiliam Correa , Kirinus Eduardo de Paula
Published: September 2018

The electrical energy demand is constantly growing, making the study of new energy sources necessary. The worries about climate change make it almost mandatory that these sources are renewable. The ocean is a vast source of energy that is not yet fully exploited. With this in mind, for this paper, wind generated waves were simulated along the Brazilian South-Southeast shelf to evaluate the existence of places with appropriate potential for conversion into electrical energy. The simulations were run using the spectral wave model TOMAWAC, for the time between January and December 2006. The preliminary results have shown two places on the continental shelf near the coastal zone, with potential for wave energy exploitation. The first location, around the island Ilhabela, has a higher energetic potential than the second location, around Florianópolis; yet, on the other hand, the first location's energetic potential has a higher variability. The location around Florianópolis has a lower average potential (10 to 20 kW/m) than the location around Ilhabela (18 to 25 kW/m); however, its potential is more stable, since its temporal variability is half the one seen on Ilhabela.
Role of p53 Gene in Breast Cancer: Focus on Mutation Spectrum and Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Kaur Raman Preet , Vasudeva Kanika , Kumar Roshan , Munshi Anjana
Published: September 2018

TP53 is a tumor suppressor gene which is commonly mutated in various cancers including breast cancer.
Alterations in the gene lead to an altered expression of various genes that are directly or indirectly under the
transcriptional control of p53. This results in malfunctioning of DNA damage repair pathways, cell-cycle arrest,
chromatin remodeling and apoptosis. Different mutations in TP53 gene have been reported in different ethnic
groups and exon 4 and intron 3 are reported to be frequently mutated in breast cancer patients especially triplenegative
breast cancer. Increased global burden of TP53 mutated breast tumors has paved the path for various
therapies targeting p53/TP53. Numerous molecules including nutilins, MI series, RO5693, PRIMA-1, RITA, etc.
have been developed. Majority of these restore p53/TP53 function by targeting negative regulators of p53/TP53,
wtp53/TP53 (wild-type) and mtp53/TP53 (mutant). Most of these molecules are in the preclinical phase except
for two APR-246 and COTI-2 that have progressed to clinical trials. The current review has been compiled with
an aim to give an overview of mutations in p53 across various ethnic groups, the effect of these alterations on
TP53 function and the therapeutic strategies developed till date targeting p53/TP53 especially in breast cancer.
Combined Ligand-Based and Structure-Based Virtual Screening Approach for Identification of New Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors
Authors: Upadhyay Jagatkumar , Gajjar Anuradha , Suhagia Bhanubhai N.
Published: September 2018

Background:

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP 4) enzyme cleaves an incretin-based glucoregulatory
hormone Glucagon Like Peptide -1 from N-terminal where penultimate amino acid is either alanine
or proline. Several DPP 4 inhibitors, “gliptins”, are approved for the management of Type 2 Diabetes
or are under clinical trial. In the present study, combined pharmacophore and docking-based virtual
screening protocol were used for the identification of new hits from the Specs Database, which
would inhibit DPP 4.

Methods:

The entire computational studies were performed using the Discovery Studio v. 4.1 software
package, Pipeline Pilot v. 9.2 (Accelrys Inc.) and FRED v. 2.2.5 (OpenEye Scientific Software). Common
feature pharmacophore model was generated from known DPP 4 inhibitors and validated by Receiver
Operating curve analysis and GH-scoring method. Database search of Specs commercial database
was performed using validated pharmacophore. Hits obtained from pharmacophore search were
further docked into the binding site of DPP 4. Based on the analysis of docked poses of hits, 10 compounds
were selected for in- vitro DPP 4 enzyme inhibition assay.

Results:

Based on docking studies, virtual hits were predicted to form interaction with essential amino
acid residues of DPP 4 and have an almost similar binding orientation as that of the reference molecule.
Three compounds having Specs database ID- AN-465/42837213, AP-064/42049348 and AN-
465/43369427 were found to inhibit DPP 4 enzyme moderately.

Conclusion:

The present study demonstrates a successful utilization of in-silico tools in the
identification of new DPP 4 inhibitor, which can serve as a starting point for the development of novel
DPP 4 inhibitors.
Three Generations of β-blockers: History, Class Differences and Clinical Applicability
Authors: do Vale Gabriel T. , Ceron Carla S. , Gonzaga Natália A. , Simplicio Janaina A. , Padovan Júlio C.
Published: September 2018

Background:

Beta-adrenergic receptors are expressed in cardiomyocytes and activated by either noradrenaline released from sympathetic synapses or circulating catecholamines. Their corresponding receptors have three subtypes, namely, β1, β2 and β3, which are members of the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) family. Activation of β1-adrenergic receptors causes various physiological reactions including cardiac contraction and renin secretion from juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney. Antagonists of β-adrenergic receptors, known as β-blockers, have been used effectively for over four decades and have beneficial effects in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. There are three generations of β-blockers according to their pharmacological properties. Firstgeneration β-blockers are non-selective, blocking both β1- and β2-receptors; second-generation β- blockers are more cardioselective in that they are more selective for β1-receptors; and thirdgeneration β-blockers are highly selective drugs for β1-receptors. The latter also display vasodilator actions by blocking α1-adrenoreceptors and activating β3-adrenergic receptors. In addition, thirdgeneration β-blockers exhibit angiogenic, antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-hypertrophic and antiapoptotic activities among other effects that are still under investigation.

Conclusion:

The objective of this review is to describe the evolution observed during the development of the three distinctive generations, thereby highlighting the advantages of third-generation β- blockers over the other two drug classes.
Neuroprotective Effects of Trolox, Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, and Carnosic Acid on Hippocampal Neurodegeneration After Ischemiareperfusion Injury
Authors: Babahajian Asrin , Sarveazad Arash , Golab Fereshteh , Vahabzadeh Gelareh , Alizadeh Akram , Rasoolijazi Homa , Amini Naser , Entezari Maedeh , Soleimani Mansoureh , Katebi Majid , Haramshahi Seyed Mohammad Amin
Published: September 2018

Introduction:

One of the serious complications of stroke is memory impairment, which is
considered as one of the complications of reperfusion of tissue. The present study was designed to
compare the effect of administration of Trolox, carnosic acid and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
(HCG) immediately after reperfusion of the stroke tissue on the memory and hippocampal histology.

Method:

Ischemia-Reperfusion Model (IRI) was created by bilateral occlusion of the common carotid
artery for 15 minutes and the first dose was administered immediately after reperfusion. 10 days after
ischemia, passive avoidance memory test and apoptotic protein levels were evaluated.

Results:

Cerebral Ischemia perfusion reduced the time of latency in entering the dark box in the
ischemic group. Administration of Trolox and HCG increased this latency time, while treatment with
carnosic acid had no effect. Also, IRI significantly reduced the number of healthy cells in the hippocampus.
Administration of Trolox, carnosic acid and HCG increased the number of healthy cells and
decreased the expression of Caspase-3 and Bax, but significantly increased the expression of Bcl-2
compared to the ischemic group.

Conclusion:

Findings indicate the beneficial effects of HCG and Trolox on the improvement of memory
and the number of healthy cells in the hippocampal region. It is worth noting that the amount of
apoptosis in the hippocampus was significantly reduced by Trolox, HCG and Carnosic acid.
Efectos del Programa Creciendo Fuertes sobre el bienestar psicológico y autoeficacia generalizada en adolescentes: estudio preliminar
Authors: García-Álvarez Diego , Soler María-José , Cobo-Rendón Rubia
Published: September 2018

Objetivo. El propósito de este artículo es dar a conocer el diseño, ejecución y determinación de los efectos preliminares de un programa basado en las fortalezas del carácter. Los objetivos de esta investigación son: a) caracterizar los niveles de bienestar psicológico y autoeficacia generalizada antes y después de la aplicación del Programa Creciendo Fuertes, b) determinar el efecto dicho programa sobre el bienestar psicológico y autoeficacia generalizada de adolescentes de secundaria y c) analizar la relación de la virtud del coraje con el bienestar psicológico y la autoeficacia generalizada luego de realizado el programa en los estudiantes participantes. Metodo. Metodológicamente, se ajusta a un diseño de investigación cuasi experimental de estudio pre - post con un solo grupo, compuesto por una muestra de veinticuatro adolescentes estudiantes de secundaria. Se emplearon instrumentos de recolección de datos con adecuada confiabilidad y validez. Resultados. Se presentaron incrementos estadísticamente significativos en los niveles de las variables de bienestar psicológico y autoeficacia generalizada luego de aplicar el programa. También se mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las puntuaciones de estas variables antes y después de aplicar el programa. A su vez, se presentaron correlaciones estadísticamente significativas entre la virtud del coraje, autoeficacia generalizada y bienestar psicológico. Conclusiones. De acuerdo con estos resultados preliminares, que el programa puede ser empleado a modo de refuerzo psicoeducativo para la promoción del bienestar en las escuelas secundarias.
Perfil sociodemográfico y económico de estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Pérez-Contreras Blanca , González-Otero Katia , Polo-Bolaño Yaneth
Published: September 2018

Objetivo. Este artículo es producto de la investigación que tuvo como objetivo identificar las características de la población estudiantil de pregrado y posgrado en la Corporación Universitaria del Caribe (CECAR), en Sincelejo (Sucre, Colombia), en el año 2016, mediante el análisis comparativo de variables demográficas, socio-familiares y económicas. Método. se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo de corte positivista y tipo de estudio descriptivo; la muestra fue probabilística aleatoria simple de 1664 estudiantes, constituida por 851 de pregrado, modalidad presencial; 834 de la modalidad de educación a distancia, y 48 de especializaciones. El instrumento fue una encuesta construida con preguntas semiabiertas y cerradas, validado mediante juicio de expertos. Resultados. las características sociodemográficas no son significativamente diferenciales entre estudiantes de una y otra modalidad respecto a vínculos y dependencia del núcleo familiar, estado civil, procedencia y tipología familiar; en lo económico, prevalecen los estratos 1 y 2, el ingreso económico no asciende a los dos salarios mínimos legales vigente, el nivel y la modalidad educativa tampoco son factores diferenciadores. Conclusiones. el estudio permitió mayor conocimiento sobre las características o perfil de los estudiantes, lo que sirvió a la vez para la trazabilidad de líneas de acción que favorezcan la atención de los más vulnerables social y económicamente, así como a la reorientación del apoyo académico, psicosocial, becas y auxilios.
Factores de riesgo en la violencia contra la mujer en el municipio de Ventaquemada (Boyacá) desde una mirada de trabajo social
Authors: Suárez-Sierra María-Tatiana
Published: September 2018

Objetivo. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar los factores de riesgo que influyen en la violencia contra la mujer en el municipio de Ventaquemada (Boyacá). Asimismo, determinar los tipos de violencia ejercidos hacia este género. Método. La metodología utilizada es el enfoque cualitativo descriptivo. Se tomó una muestra de quince mujeres en situación de violencia, pertenecientes a las veredas Boquerón, El Carmen y Frutillo, seleccionadas mediante un muestreo por redes. Las técnicas aplicadas fueron la encuesta social y entrevista semiestructurada. Resultados. A partir de una lectura desde trabajo social, se estudió la teoría ecológica de los sistemas de Uriel Bronfenbrenner, en la que se determinó que una de las causas relacionadas es la de los factores individuales, relacionales y sociales, en los que se ubica el déficit económico, la alta influencia del medio y la baja autonomía, liderazgo y participación, lo que da paso a que esta población se enfrente a dinámicas de violencia física, económica, verbal, psicológica o sexual, que ocasionan daños y cambios en el ciclo vital de la mujer. Conclusiones. La normalización de la violencia contra la mujer en las veredas Boquerón, El Carmen y Frutillo del municipio de Ventaquemada se determina como uno de los factores de riesgo más relevantes.
La construcción de la noción de Cosmovisión Maya en Guatemala
Authors: Cano Contreras Eréndira Juanita , Page Pliego Jaime T. , Estrada Lugo Erin I. J.
Published: September 2018

Con el presente escrito deseamos contribuir a la reflexión del proceso de conformación histórica, política y cultural de la noción Panmaya de Cosmovisión Maya, la cual ha sido propuesta, difundida y practicada por intelectuales y activistas de los pueblos de origen maya asentados en territorio guatemalteco. Proponemos  que este proceso resulta un ejemplo de apropiación, adopción y reinterpretación de un término académico migrado a contextos comunitarios y políticos. Esbozaremos el contexto en el que surge esta noción desde donde se enuncia la Cosmovisión Maya como concepto aglutinador de los procesos de fortalecimiento, visibilización, reivindicación y revitalización de la cultura maya en Guatemala en los años posteriores al conflicto armado interno.
La industria aeroespacial en México: características y retos en Sonora
Authors: Vázquez Ruiz Miguel Ángel , Bocanegra Carmen
Published: September 2018

El objetivo del presente texto es el aportar conocimientos sobre la situación y los retos de la industria aeroespacial en el estado de Sonora, México. Para ello se realizaron diversas entrevistas a funcionarios de empresas que arrojaron resultados como los siguientes: la industria se ha desplazado hacia localidades que ofrecen mejores condiciones para operar; el avance en los procesos de flexibilidad tecnológica reclama de una revisión en la capacitación de capital humano que se forma en las instituciones de educación superior de la entidad. No obstante, de ser uno de los cinco estados líderes a nivel nacional en la producción aeroespacial, la integración de cadenas productivas de valor aún es muy limitado y se concentran en el Nivel 2 de las cadenas de suministro.
AWARENESS ABOUT LIFESTYLE DISEASES AMONGST THE SCHOOL GOING ADOLESCENTS OF DELHI
Authors: Sultana Kamar , Anjum Rubi , Wani Paras
Published: September 2018

Objective: This study aims to assess the awareness about lifestyle diseases amongst the school going adolescents of different Gov. Schools of Delhi

Material and Methods: An interventional, quasi experimental pre-post design study was conducted in two Govt. schools of Delhi; Simple randomization technique was adopted to select the school from a list of school from west zone. Total number of students enrolled in the study was 110 at the time of Pre-test out of which 6 were drop outs and 104 students completed the study and was considered as the sample size. A self-designed questionnaire was used to assess the awareness about the lifestyle diseases.

Results: The study highlights the awareness level of adolescents about different lifestyle diseases and the effectiveness of the education program for improving the knowledge on lifestyle diseases among adolescents and thereby in prevention of lifestyle disorders. 

Conclusion: School based interventions are required to improve the knowledge about lifestyle diseases in order to prevent these diseases correct practices can also be adopted.

Keywords:  Lifestyle Diseases, Adolescents, Healthy lifestyle habits
NANOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACH TO ENHANCE THE STABILITY AND BIOAVAILABILITY OF THE HERBAL DRUG "MURVA"
Authors: ARULANANDRAJ N , Gopal V , Dhivya S , Jayabalan G
Published: September 2018

Murva (Maerua oblongifolia) contains numerous bioactive compounds that may provide multiple health benefits, including anti-microbial, anti-fungal, anti-pyretic and anti-diabetic. Most of the therapeutic effects of murva have been attributed due to the presence of triterpenoids and alkaloids, in their composition. Although these compounds have been shown promising therapeutic effects under in-vitro conditions, they met with limited efficacy in clinical settings due to various reasons such as poor oral absorption and bioavailability. Different techniques have been proposed to improve the stability and bioavailability of the herbal drugs. Among such strategies, nanoparticulate based drug delivery systems are novel and promising tools. In this study, chitosan nanoparticles containing Murva (CNP1-CNP3) were synthesized by ionic gelation technique, which resulting in particles size smaller than 650nm. The encapsulation efficiency of nanoformulations was over 41.5%. The nanoformulations exhibited slow and sustained in vitro release over 99% of drug from the Murva encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles after 24 hours. The synthesized nanoformulations were found to be a promising system for oral sustained administration of murva and also enhances its stability and bioavailability.

Keywords: Nanoparticles, Murva, chitosan, stability, bioavailability.
RP-HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF ASPIRIN AND OMEPRAZOLE IN BULK AND DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Sarode Tukaram K , Jadhav Prerana B
Published: September 2018

RP-HPLC method was developed for the determination of Omeprazole (OME) & Aspirin (ASP) in bulk and dosage form. Mobile phase use for the separation of OME & ASP is methanol and 0.05%OPA in water (pH= 3.5) with ratio of 60:40. The Colum used as C18 (Cosmosil) 4.6×150mm and flow rate 0.7mL/min. UV detector is used and the detection wavelength is 231nm. Retention time of OME and ASP are 4.61 & 8.03 min, respectively. This method was validated as per ICH guidelines. Linearity was observed at 10-50µg/mL of OME and 20-100µg/mL of ASP. The % RSD is found to be less than 2%.The resolution between OME and ASP is 11.55 and the tailing factors of both are less than 2.0.Therotical plates for OME and ASP are 5060, and 9367, respectively. Total run time is 15min. The developed RP-HPLC method was accurate, precise, selective and rapid for simultaneous estimation of Omeprazole and Aspirin in the pharmaceutical dosage form.”

Keyword: Omeprazole, Aspirin, RP-HPLC validation.
LYOPHILIZED INJECTION: A MODERN APPROACH OF INJECTABLE DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Sheena U , Parthiban KG , Selvakumar R
Published: September 2018

Now-a-days, lyophilized injection dosage form is extensively used to improve the bioavailability, stability, solubility and patient compliance. The lyophilized injection has considered as alternative to oral solid dosage forms for better patient compliance especially in bed ridden patients and for attaining maximum bioavailability, improved stability. The lyophilized injection reconstitute before injection to produce liquid injection. This review includes a detailed updated concept on lyophilized injection.

Keywords: Lyophilized injection, parenteral, freeze drying
QUERCETIN NANOPARTICLES REPRESSED LIVER AND BRAIN TOXICITIES INDUCED BY TARTRAZINE IN RATS
Authors: Eman G. Mohamed , Ibrahim M. Abo-laila , Hassan A.M. Hendawy , Ebtehal Mohammad F
Published: September 2018

Tartrazine (TZ) is an azobenzene artificial yellow dye for foods, drugs, and cosmetics. Quercetin is member of the flavonoid family. The current study investigated the protective effect of quercetin nanoparticles (QNPs) against TZ. Male albino rats were divided into group1:  control, group 2: TZ (50 mg/kg), group 3: QNPs (5 mg/kg), and group 4: QNPs+TZ. The results of the present study revealed that, the oral administration of TZ dye caused a significantly increased liver biomarkers. Also, a marked effect on lipid profile and blood parameters were shown. In addition TZ induced an elevation in the examined oxidative stress biomarkers and decrease in glutathione peroxidases and acetylcholine esterase. TZ diminished exploration and rearing in open field test as well as elevation in GABA content and apoptosis as well as changes in tissues by histopathological examination. In fact, the results showed good influence of QNPs in improving injuries associated with TZ administration.

Keywords:  Tartrazine Dye, Quercetin Nanoparticles, Liver-Brain injuries.
FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF pH TRIGGERED IN SITU OPHTHALMIC GEL OF BESIFLOXACIN HYDROCHLORIDE
Authors: Waghulde Vishakha , Saudagar Ravindranath
Published: September 2018

The aim of the present work was to formulation and evaluation of pH Triggered in-situ Ophthalmic Gel of Besifloxacin Hydrochloride to overcome the drawbacks obtained by conventional eye drop. There are two independent variables were used i.e. Carbopol 934 and HPMC K100. Carbopol 934 were used as gelling agent and HPMC K100 were used as bioadhesive polymer. Besifloxacin Hydrochloride shows activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and negative ocular pathogens: examples are  Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum, Moraxella lacunata, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus salivarius. The in situ gelling system involves sol-to-gel transition in the cul-de-sac upon instillation to avoid pre corneal elimination. The formulations were prepared by 32 factorial design. The prepared formulations were evaluated for clarity, pH, viscosity, Bioadhesive strength of gel, gel strength gel, Drug Content, In-vitro Drug Release Study, Antibacterial Activity, Isotonicity Evaluation, HET-CAM Test and stability studies. The drug content was in the range of 97-99.57 %. Formulation F5 selected as optimized on the basis of evaluation. It shows highest drug release upto 8hrs. It shows good antibiotic activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The optimized formulation was isotonic with blood cells. It passes sterility test. The optimized formulation passes the ocular irritancy test i.e. HET-CAM Test. The formulation kept for the stability study for 3 months. Short term stability study indicates that room temperature 400±20 was appropriate storage condition for formulations.

Keywords: pH Triggered, bioadhesive polymer, Carbopol 934, HPMC K100, HET-CAM Test, Antibacterial Activity.
TARGETED NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR ANTICANCER DRUG DELIVERY: CURRENT ISSUE AND CHALLENGE
Authors: Kumar Manish , Sharma Hemant K.
Published: September 2018

The main aim of nonmaterials is optimization on site of action at tumors cells as well least toxicity by its formulation. Only to progress the biodistribution of neoplasia drugs, nanoparticles are designed for optimal size and surface individuality to expand their flow time within the blood circulation. They are also proficient to carry their laden active drugs to cancer cells by using the single functional changes of tumors, as like their improved permeability and preservation result and the tumor microenvironment. In this study report, we have discussed the current status of nanoparticles developed as targeting delivery systems for anticancer drugs.

Keywords: Cancer, Drug Delivery, Nanomedicine, Chemotherapy, Liposome
EFFECT OF METOSARTAN ON MALE REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL IN NORMAL AND HYPERTENSION INDUCED RATS
Authors: Beeram Eswari
Published: September 2018

Hypertension is one of the long term medical problems in world leading to mortality of 18% globally. Epigenetic modifications like gene regulation, DNA histone modification and methylation patterns are mostly affected during Hypertension condition and need to be carefully monitored. So, metosartan is the one of the antihypertensive drug used to study its effects on genome especially in invivo condition. Metosartan doesn’t affect the chromatin integrity in hypertensive rats but reduces the sperm count drastically and reaches up to zero at 1.25mg/ml concentration. Majorly the drug affects the sperm count but not the maturation of sperm. In hypertension condition the sperms are aggregated in to complex where as in metosartan treated group invitro lead to severe looping of sperms and resulted in formation of apoptotic bodies. In normal rats excessive DNA fragmentation is seen in metosartan treated group and treatment with RNase A along with metosartan invitro restored the chromatin integrity but failed to give promisive results in invivo condition. So, study of genome integrity in hypertensive patients treated with metosartan is compulsory as it affects chromatin integrity adversely in invitro condition in normal rats.

Keywords: Hypertension, Genome integrity, Azoospermia, Teratozoospermia, Metosartan
RASAVAHA SROTAS AND THEIR PHYSIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE: AN AYURVEDA REVIEW
Authors: Husain Mariya
Published: September 2018

Srotas are channels or pores which provides nourishment to the whole body and responsible for some particular function with respect to specific body parts. The Ayurveda samhitas described anatomical and physiological concepts of srotas broadly. Srotas mainly regulates process of circulation in human body. The srotas not only perform various functions but disturbance in srotas may also impart some pathological manifestation, therefore it is very essential to understand physiological concepts of srotas. This article presenting ayurveda perspective of Rasa vaha srotasa and their physiological considerations.

Keywords: Ayurveda, Srotas, Rasa vaha srotasa, Dhatu, Circulation.
HERBS AS TRADITIONAL MEDICINES: A REVIEW
Authors: Parkash Jyoti , Prasad DN , Shahnaz Mohammad , Dev Dhruv
Published: September 2018

Ayurveda is believed to have originated over 6000 years ago It was designed to promote good health and long life rather than to fight disease and was practiced by physicians and surgeons (called Bheshaja or vaidya) but recently herbal medicine have attracted much attention as alternative medicines useful for treating or preventing life-style related disorders. Herbs are the nature’s gift to human being to make disease free well life. The diverse tradition of India is a prosperous source of traditional medicines, many of which are of plant origin. Herbal medicines refers to the use of any plant’s seeds, berries, roots, leaves, bark or flowers for medicinal purpose. There are different sources of drug. Broadly speaking, there are two sources of drug namely synthetic and natural. Many drugs used in medicine today are developed by chemical synthesis. A recognized number of drugs are obtained from natural sources. The most important natural sources of drugs are (1) higher plants, (2) microbes, (3) animals and (4) marine organisms.

Keywords: Ayurveda, Traditional medicines, higher plants, microbes, marine organisms
EVALUATION OF LEARNING AND MEMORY ENHANCING ACTIVITY OF COCCINIA GRANDIS FRUITS IN RATS
Authors: Yashashwini YC
Published: September 2018

Objectives: To assess the learning and memory enhancing activity of the Coccinia grandis fruits in rats using Elevated plus maze (EPM), Hebb-William maze (HWM) and Morris water maze (MWM ) and to evaluate brain Acetylcholine esterase activity, lipid peroxidation, Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, Glutathione.

 Materials and methods: Wistar rats (100-150 gm) of either sex, were divided into 5 groups (n=6). Group-I (control) animals received vehicle, Group-II animals received diazepam(1 mg/kg i.p), Groups III ,IV  and V animals received Coccinia grandis- 500 mg/kg p.o, 1000 mg/kg p.o and Piracetam (400 mg/kg i.p) respectively for 27 days, followed by diazepam (1 mg/kg i.p) single dose on 19th and 27th day. Assessment of transfer latency (TL), time taken to reach reward chamber (TRC) and swim latency (SL) was done on 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th and 27th day using EPM, HWM and MWM respectively. Rats were sacrificed on 28th day, brain acetylcholine esterase activity, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, glutathione and catalase levels were estimated. The data was analyzed by one way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test. P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.

Result: Coccinia grandis decreased TL, TRC and SL in comparison to diazepam treated rats, decreased acetylcholine esterase activity and lipid peroxidation, and increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione and catalase in brain.

Conclusion: The Coccinia grandis enhanced learning and memory activity. This nootropic effect can be attributed to their antioxidant and neuroprotective property.

Keywords: Memory, EPM, HWM, MWM, Piracetam, Diazepam.
A GLOBAL CONCERN ON ZIKA VIRUS: TRANSMISSION, DIAGNOSIS, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT
Authors: Kushwaha Nikhal , Kesharwani Vipin , Jaiswal Pankaj Kumar
Published: September 2018

Zika virus is a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus belongs to family Flaviviridae which becomes the focus of an ongoing pandemic and public health emergency all around the world. Zika virus has two lineages African and Asian. Mosquito-borne flavivirus is thought to replicate initially in dendritic cell and then spread to lymph nodes and then to the bloodstream. Zika virus was initially recognized in Uganda in 1947 in Monkeys through a method that observed yellow fever. It was later distinguished in people in 1952 in Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania. The explosions of the zika virus disease have been recorded in Africa, The Americas, Asia, and The Pacific. Gillian-Berre syndrome and congenital malformation (microcephaly) suspected to be linked with Zika virus. The virus can only be confirmed through laboratory test on blood or other body fluids, such as urine, saliva or semen. No specific antiviral treatment for Zika virus disease exists. Treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms with rest, fluid and medications. WHO/PAHO encourages the countries to establish and maintain Zika Virus infections, detection, clinical management and community assurances strategies to reduce transmission of the virus. The future of Zika Virus spreading to other parts of the world is still unknown.

Keywords: Zika Virus, flavivirus, Mosquito, Vaccine, Treatment, Microcephaly, WHO/PAHO.
EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL RESISTANCE OF BIOFILM FORMS OF AVIAN SALMONELLA GALLINARUM TO FLUOROQUINOLONES
Authors: Kamashi Kumar , Honnegowda Mr. , Asha Mayanna , Ms. Chandrakala
Published: September 2018

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing concern worldwide. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics for a period of time has led to the emergence of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria. The present study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of fluoroquinolone drugs, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, moxifloxacin, sparfloxacin, norfloxacin, pefloxacin and ofloxacin against avian Salmonella gallinarum bacterial biofilms. The study parameters, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and biofilm elimination concentration (BEC) were determined on days 1, 3, 7, 10, 14 and 20 post inoculation for the planktonic (free) and biofilm cells of S. gallinarum by macro broth dilution method. The MIC and MBC values determined on days 1, 3, 7, 10, 14 and 20 for each of the fluoroquinolone drugs against the planktonic and biofilm forms of avian S. gallinarum were found to be non-significant. BEC values determined against the biofilm forms of S. gallinarum during the study period were found to be non-significant among the tested fluoroquinolones. The results of the present study demonstrated that fluoroquinolone drugs were effective in vitro against both the planktonic and biofilm forms of avian S. gallinarum.
PREVALENCE OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA (P. AERUGINOSA) AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS AT A PRIVATE HOSPITAL IN SANA'A, YEMEN
Authors: Alyahawi Ali , Monem Alhomidi Abdul , Al-Henhena Nawal
Published: September 2018

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is clinically significant and opportunistic pathogenthat causes infections in hospitalized patients. Antibiotic resistance is a major concern in clinical practice. The ongoing emergence of resistant strains that cause nosocomial infections contributes substantially to the morbidity and mortality of hospitalized patients. Objective of present study was to estimate the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the antimicrobial resistance patterns of P. aeruginosa isolates from hospitalized patients. The study was performed at microbiology department of a local hospital in Sana’a, Yemen. All the patients' samples of hospital departments from January, 2017 to December, 2017 were included. A Total of 2079 samples were collected during the study period. Among them, 193 strains of Pseudomonas spp. were isolated.
One hundred ninety three isolates of P. aeruginosa were isolated from different clinical specimens and fully characterized by standard bacteriological procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of each isolates was carried out by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines. Majority of P. aeruginosa were isolated from Sputum, followed by urine specimens. The isolate pathogen showed the highest sensitive to Meropenem (85.5%), followed by Amikacin (80.5%), Imipenem (80.0%), and Piperacillin/tazobactam (77.2). The highest frequency of resistance (96.2%) was observed with amoxicillin /clavulinic Acid followed by cefuroxime 94.6%, ampicillin/ sulbactam 94.5%, Co-Trimoxzole 80.5%, and norfloxacin 54%. The result confirmed the occurrence of drug resistance strains of P. aeruginosa. Meropenem, imipenem, and amikacin, were found to be the most effective antimicrobial drugs. It therefore calls for a very judicious, appropriate treatment regimens selection by the physicians to limit the further spread of antimicrobial resistance P. aeruginosa.
QUALITY CONTROL ASSESSMENT OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF CIPROFLOXACIN 500 MG TABLETS IN YEMEN
Authors: Alyahawi Ali , Alsaifi Abdulmajed
Published: September 2018

Ciprofloxacin is a fluorinated 4-quinolone or fluoroquinolone antibacterial with a wider spectrum of activity than nalidixic acid and more favorable pharmacokinetics allowing its use in systemic infections.  It  has  been  used  in  the  treatment  of  a  wide  range  of infections. Many  different  brands  and  dosage  forms  of  Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride are  available  in  the  Sana'a market  that  places  health practitioners  in  a  dilemma  of  drug  substitution  in case  of  non-availability  of  a  particular brand.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the quality control of five brands of Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride tablets marketed and commonly prescribed in Sana'a city. The results and findings of the present study will be interpreted and discussed.
Five brands of Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride tablets (500 mg) were purchased from the retail pharmacy outlets and their pharmaceutical quality were assessed by using in-vitro tests as per the British Pharmacopoeia (BP) and unofficial standards as recommended by the manufacturers. The assessment of tablets included the evaluation of uniformity of weight, friability, hardens, disintegration time, dissolution test and assay content by UV spectrophotometric method. All brands passed USP and BP standards in- vitro quality control tests prescribed for the tablets except hardens test but the all products were satisfactory for hardness.
The results indicated that the overall quality of all tested Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride tablets brands was satisfactory as they met the requirements of the official and unofficial quality control tests.
QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF PARACETAMOL TABLETS IN YEMENI MARKET
Authors: Alsaifi Abdulmajed , Alyahawi Ali
Published: September 2018

Paracetamol or acetaminophen is active metabolites of phenacitin. It is a widely used over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic. Chemically, it is 4-hydroxy acetanilide (acetaminophen). Paracetamol is approved for reducing fever in people of all ages. It is commonly used for the relief of headaches, other minor aches and pains, and is a major ingredient in numerous cold and flu remedies. Many different brands and dosage forms of paracetamol are available in Yemeni market that places health practitioners in a dilemma of drug substitution in case of non-availability of a particular brand. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the quality control of four brands of paracetamol tablets (500 mg) marketed and commonly prescribed in Yemeni market. The results and findings of the present study will be interpreted and discussed. Four brands of paracetamol tablets (500 mg) were purchased from the retail pharmacy outlets and their pharmaceutical quality were assessed by using in-vitro tests according to USP and BP standards and unofficial standards as recommended by the manufacturers. The assessment of tablets included the evaluation of uniformity of weight, hardens, friability, disintegration time, dissolution test as well as assay content by UV spectrophotometric method. All brands passed USP and BP standards in- vitro quality control tests prescribed for the tablets except hardens test but all  products were satisfactory for hardness. The results indicated that the overall quality of all tested paracetamol tablets brands was satisfactory as they met the requirements of the official and unofficial quality control tests.
Respuestas morfogenéticas de plantas in vitro y esquejes de Vanilla planifolia Andrews (Orchidaceae) durante el desarrollo inicial del cultivo en invernadero y en sistemas agroforestales
Authors: Azofeifa Bolaños José Bernal , Rivera Coto German , Paniagua Vásquez Amelia , Cordero Solórzano Roberto
Published: September 2018

El conocimiento de las respuestas morfogenéticas de Vanilla planifolia en Costa Rica es muy limitado. En esta investigación comparamos las respuestas morfogenéticas de esquejes convencionales y plántulas in vitro en invernadero y en un sistema agroforestal. Cada tipo de explante se cultivó en ambas condiciones de cultivo y la combinación de los niveles de cada factor resultó en cuatro tratamientos. Las respuestas de crecimiento independientes de los esquejes fueron significativamente mayores para la longitud, peso total y del brote emergente, longitud total, promedio y peso de las raíces en comparación con las plántulas in vitro. Para este factor, se obtuvo de manera significativa más nudos cuando se usaron plántulas provenientes del cultivo in vitro. Los explantes cultivados en campo obtuvieron diferencias significativamente superiores para la longitud, peso total y del brote emergente, peso y número de raíces en relación con los cultivados en vivero. Sin embargo, la longitud total y promedio de las raíces no difirió de manera significativa entre los tratamientos independientes del factor condición. Se obtuvieron interacciones significativas entre los factores para todas las variables con excepción del peso total y del brote emergente. Después de un periodo de aclimatización en invernadero, las vitroplantas cultivadas en el sistema agroforestal fueron significativamente más largas, con más nudos y raíces en comparación con los esquejes cultivados en ambas condiciones, así como, las vitroplantas cultivadas en invernadero. Se obtuvieron raíces más largas y pesadas cuando los esquejes se cultivaron en invernadero, lo cual sugiere un crecimiento más intenso en la búsqueda de agua y nutrientes.
Contaminación y disminución del embalse El Laguito, Costa Rica, por aguas urbanas: encuesta y físico-química
Authors: Chassoul Acosta María José , Rodríguez Arias Cindy
Published: September 2018

La contaminación y la reducción del tamaño de los reservorios de agua tienen un impacto importante en la biodiversidad tropical. El Laguito de la Sede de Occidente, en Alajuela, Costa Rica, es un embalse artificial construido con fines recreativos, pero funciona actualmente como reservorio de agua de lluvia para prevenir las inundaciones que se presentan en las zonas bajas de la microcuenca. En los últimos años, se ha reducido su tamaño y ha perdido el espejo de agua y la capacidad del depósito es muy pequeña. Para evaluar el manejo del agua por parte de los vecinos, encuestamos los 92 hogares cercanos que descargan aguas residuales a El Laguito a través de un alcantarillado y una tubería. También tomamos muestras de agua en abril y setiembre de 2015 y julio de 2016 para el análisis fisicoquímico estándar. Los vecinos desperdician agua y el 80% de las casas descargan las aguas crudas sin tratar en el sistema. Un programa educativo mejoraría las prácticas en el área y beneficiaría al yacimiento y los organismos asociados.