bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Information search in interactive information visualization
Authors: Yue Jiacheng , Lonsdale Maria , Queiroz Francisco , Baxter Matthew
Published: January 2025

This study explored the effectiveness of outbreak data dashboards in presenting relevant information during global
health emergencies using mouse-tracking measures. Firstly, several problems in the visual design and information layout of the
dashboard were identified by analyzing the path, mouse-movements and clicks made by users when using the dashboard. Secondly,
suggestions on the process of how dashboards were used and their design were collected through user feedback and follow-up
interviews during the experimental process. The results of the study provide insights into user-centered design solutions for
visual dashboards, which can guide the design of similar epidemiological dashboards in the future.
Sensitivity of transverse momentum correlations to early-stage and thermal fluctuations
Authors: Savchuk Oleh
Published: January 2025

Transverse momentum correlations were recently measured by the ALICE collaboration at the LHC [Acharya et
al (2020 Phys. Lett. B
804 135375)]. A long-range structure in terms of relative pseudorapidity of particle pairs is observed. This may imply some signal of the initial state owing to the sheer spread of the correlation. However, the fluctuations inside a thermally equilibrated medium have to be taken into account, serving as motivation for this paper. Using lattice Quantum Chromodynamics constraints, we predicted the development and spread of balancing correlations caused by energy-momentum conservation. At the same time, we propagated the Gaussian-shaped initial correlation using hydrodynamics to estimate its effects. Our findings suggest that the resulting correlation, known as ‘the ridge,’ is sensitive both to flucutations seeded in the pre-equilibrium stage and to those seeded in the equilibrated medium. This can provide important insight into the early stages of the collision.
Measurement-device-independent quantum secure direct communication based on quantum cover channel and multiple degrees of freedom of hyperentanglement
Authors: Pan Tian-Jiao , Zhou Ri-Gui , Zhang Xiao-Xue
Published: January 2025

Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) achieves direct and secure transmission of information which does not need a pre-shared key. To improve the practical reliability of QSDC systems, Measurement-device-independent quantum secure direct communication protocol (MDI-QSDC) have emerged, which provide a more secure communication method by eliminating the dependence on measurement devices. This paper proposes an MDI-QSDC protocol based on polarization-spatial-orbital angular momentum mode hyperentanglement and quantum covert channel (QCC). This protocol can transmit 6-bit information in one round of communication, eliminating security vulnerability and information leakage associated with measurement devices. Compared with the previous MDI-QSDC protocols, this paper further clarifies the enhancement of channel capacity and security through numerical simulation studies. Further, the protocol introduces imperceptible QCC on polarization-spatial mode, which is significantly more secure than direct coding on polarization-spatial mode only. Based on the above features, the potential of the proposed high-capacity MDI-QSDC protocol in quantum communication is highlighted.
Sustainable agriculture model in anticipation of climate change
Authors: Noriko Nita , Zalfa Hardian Dinda , Swandari Wijihastuti Risa , Salsabila Farah , Mardiwati Rahayu Kun , Effendi Yunus , Pambudi Arief , Mandjusri Alma
Published: January 2025

The problems of farmers dealing with climate change are a decrease in soil fertility and water scarcity . The application of sustainable agriculture models is needed to address these issues. The research data are needed to implement sustainable agriculture models through soil and water conservation. The purpose of this study is to increase crop yields. The method carried out consists of observation and experiments. Observations made related to agricultural activities. Experiments in the form of measuring crop yields based on farmers’ habit methods compared to sustainable agriculture models. The activity was held in Kampung Cibeureum, Sukanagalih Village, Cianjur, West Java from March to August 2023 and 2024. The results of the study showed that the plants cultivated by farmers were 25% Allium fistulosum, 21% Brassica rapa, 14% Capsicum annum, 11% Phaseolus vulgaris, 11% Vigna unguiculata, 7% Cucumus sativus and other crops. Soil conservation increases soil fertility, as shown by changes in pH, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) and the number of earthworms. Through water conservation, farmers succeeded making 2 reservoirs and 4 ponds. The water quality of the reservoirs is suitable for agriculture and fish farming. The application of sustainable farming models increases crop yields by up to 40%.
Extreme precipitation analysis in Bengawan Solo
Authors: Syafarina Inna , Lailatul Latifah Arnida , Hensan Muttaqien Furqon , Ajie Linarka Utoyo
Published: January 2025

Climate change can trigger natural disasters, such as floods, drought and extreme heatwave. Large amounts and heavy precipitation might result in floods. Extreme weather that made it difficult or inaccurate to analyze the current weather was one of the causes of the flooding incident in the Bengawan Solo River Area. Analysis of extreme weather and climate change on the Bengawan Solo river is still limited. This study aims to analyze extreme precipitation in Bengawan Solo using a statistical approach. To look for variations in the distribution of precipitation in this area, precipitation data from 25 precipitation stations will be analyzed. This research uses daily precipitation data from 2000 - 2023. The research region’s temporal trends show variation in the results, in which most extreme precipitation indices are highly fluctuating with a slight upward trend during 24 years. It is expected that this research’s findings may aid in classifying regions with heavy precipitation and assist relevant parties in developing disaster mitigation strategies.
Distribution of Fallen Tree Cases on Vegetation Canopy Cover and Land Use in Surakarta City
Authors: Abu Nazar Irfan , Sunarto  , Indrawan Muhamad , Mahadjoeno Edwi , Wahyuni Titi , Himawan Widhi , Choiriyah Merdekawati Nur , Wijayanti Sovia , Hidayat Wahyu
Published: January 2025

Fallen trees are a common phenomenon during the rainy season in Surakarta City. This condition poses a threat to urban communities while losing crucial ecosystem services to urban vegetation. The study aims to map the distribution of fallen trees and compare them with canoe vegetation coverage as well as land use. Analysis of the fallen trees was carried out with administrative territory limits in 2023 until the three first month of 2024. Data collection uses a combination of bottom-up and top-down approaches. The canopy coverage data is estimated from the Sentinel 2A image using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). A comparison of three variables (fallen tree, NDVI and land use) is implemented through a spatial overlay, regression analysis and descriptive analysis. The results show that there were 113 cases of fallen trees in the 2023-three-month period in early 2024. Fallen trees occur mainly on yards (35.40%) and roadside (29.20%). Surveys based on canopy coverage showed that fallen trees occurred more frequently in the very low (32.74%) and low (31.86%) NDVI categories. This study concludes that changes in the urban environment pose a risk of tree falls due to reduced supportive capacity. Fallen trees cause urban ecological loss to urban area because they also occur in parks (12.38%).
Introduction
Authors: Dean Lorraine T , Jacques Keilah A
Published: January 2025

This introductory chapter defines power and privilege, drawing a visual depiction of the study of privilege as an umbrella term that encompasses subdomains of economic privilege, social privilege (e.g., racial hierarchies), and somatic privilege (e.g., phenotype, neuro-atypical, ability differences). It traces the origins of privilege, as rooted in Peggy McIntosh’s work in White privilege, and then expands to how privilege is currently viewed as inclusive of other aspects of identity. It lays out key terms associated with privilege and power, including a scoping review of studies on privilege to health audiences to date, and offers guidance on how best to use this book as part of developing curriculum on power and privilege for public health and medicine trainees.
‘I’m Trying to Navigate these Multiple Roles’: Established Adulthood as the Rush Hour of Life
Authors: Mehta Clare M
Published: January 2025

This chapter introduces established adulthood, a newly conceptualized period of the lifespan roughly situated between ages 30 and 45. The chapter describes the important developmental tasks undertaken during established adulthood and how the convergence of these developmental tasks in the 30s and 40s can be traced to the rise of emerging adulthood and the postponement of enduring commitments in work and relationships. Established adulthood is then compared to its developmental neighbours, emerging adulthood and midlife, highlighting the uniqueness of established adulthood in terms of developmental tasks and experiences. Next, the importance of conceptualizing established adulthood as new developmental period is described along with the usefulness and limits of stage theories, and the importance of highlighting diversity of experience. The chapter concludes with the outline of the book, briefly describing the general topics of each chapter.
‘You Have to Kind of Give Up Everything for a Kid’: Established Adulthood With (or Without) Children
Authors: Mehta Clare M
Published: January 2025

Demographic and social changes mean that for many, having a first child and raising young children now occurs in the period of established adulthood, that is, if people choose to have children at all. This chapter explores established adults’ experiences of deciding, or in some cases not deciding, whether to have children and what established adults’ experiences of life with or without children is like. First, the chapter explains how people make or don’t make decisions about having children, and describes the experience of having children who were unplanned. In the next section, established adults share what life is like with children, including the rewards and challenges of parenting. The chapter then explores the experience of being both voluntarily and involuntarily childfree in established adulthood. The chapter concludes by describing the contribution of children to the career and care crunch.
‘I’m Trying to Learn What’s Happening to My Body’: The Experience of Physical Aging in Established Adulthood
Authors: Mehta Clare M
Published: January 2025

Established adulthood may be an important juncture in terms of physical health, serving as a crossroad between growth and decline. In this chapter people describe their experiences of physical aging including changes in ability, health, stamina, energy, and appearance. The chapter first explores established adults’ perceptions of physical aging, including changes in physical abilities, stamina, and metabolism. Established adults who had yet to experience physical aging described being prepared for future physical changes. Next, the chapter reflects on changes to appearance during established adulthood, exploring topics such as weight gain, skin wrinkling, and hair greying. The chapter then explores changes in energy and sleep requirements followed by established adults’ emotional reactions to physical aging. The chapter concludes by considering how the career and care crunch impacts established adults’ physical aging, largely by restricting the amount of time available for leisure.
The efficacy and effectiveness of customized CAD/CAM brackets in fixed orthodontic treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bardideh Erfan , Kerayechian Navid , Ghorbani Mahsa , Younessian Farnaz , Shafaee Hooman
Published: January 2025

Background

Recent advancements in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology have led to the development of customized brackets for personalized treatment.

Objective

Comparing customized CAD/CAM brackets for their efficacy and effectiveness in orthodontic patients using systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature.

Search Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane’s CENTRAL up to June 2024, with no language or date restrictions.

Selection Criteria

Studies that complied with PICO (population, intervention, comparison, outcome) questions were included, and the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 and Newcastle–Ottawa Scale tools were used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies.

Data Collection and Analysis

Using custom piloted forms, relevant data was retrieved from the included studies. Then a random-effects inverse variance meta-analysis was used to pool the results. The primary outcome was the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment measured by the American Board of Orthodontics cast-radiographic examination (ABO-CRE). Secondary outcomes were overall treatment time and mean number of appointments for CAD/CAM and conventional brackets.

Results

Six studies were included in our final review and meta-analysis. Based on the results of meta-analysis, no significant differences between CAD/CAM and conventional brackets for ABO-CRE score (Mean Difference (MD) = −0.49, Confidence Interval (CI)95% = −4.67, 3.68; P = .82) or number of appointments (MD = −1.88, CI95% = −5.91, 2.16; P = .36) could be found. However, significantly shorter overall treatment time for CAD/CAM brackets were reported (MD = −4.07, CI95% = −7.16, −0.99; P = .010).

Conclusions

The findings of our meta-analysis indicate that both bracket types perform comparably in terms of treatment results and the number of clinical appointments required during treatment. Nevertheless, a distinct advantage of CAD/CAM brackets emerged concerning overall treatment duration. Notably, patients using CAD/CAM brackets experienced an average treatment period reduction of approximately 4 months, a clinically significant result.

Registration

The protocol for this systematic review was registered at PROSPERO with the ID CRD42024605257.
Efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation in gastrointestinal disorders: a systematic review
Authors: Veldman Fleur , Hawinkels Kimberly , Keszthelyi Daniel
Published: January 2025

Dysfunction of the vagus nerve has been suggested as a contributing factor in various gastrointestinal disorders, prompting interest in vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) as a non-pharmacological therapy. We performed a systematic review to determine the efficacy of invasive and non-invasive VNS in gastrointestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional dyspepsia (FD), functional constipation, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and gastroparesis. We applied a systematic search of the literature in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases in order to identify studies comparing VNS with an adequate control condition (sham stimulation) in patients with gastrointestinal disorders. The primary outcome was adequate symptom relief. Methodological quality was evaluated using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Meta-analyses were not performed due to study heterogeneity. Seven randomized controlled trials investigating non-invasive VNS were included, with a total of 644 patients: FD (n = 426), IBD (n = 22), IBS (n = 92), and abdominal pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorder (n = 104), with a mean age ranging from 15 to 65 years. Non-invasive VNS significantly improved symptoms across all subsets of patients, as measured differently according to disease type, compared with sham stimulation. Adverse events, if reported, were low, with no serious complications. Putative mechanisms of action were assumed to be related to anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects. Non-invasive VNS holds promise as a safe therapy for diverse gastrointestinal disorders. However, these findings are derived from studies with small sample sizes and provide preliminary insights. Further research is warranted to define its exact position within the therapeutic arsenal.
Aberrant Structural-Functional Coupling of Large-scale Brain Networks in Older Women with Subthreshold Depression
Authors: Suo Xueling , Chen Li , Kemp Graham J , Wu Dongmei , Wang Song
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Subthreshold depression (SD) is common in the older population, more so in females than males, and can lead to serious physical and mental ill-health. However, the underlying neurobiology remains unclear. This study used multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate the topological organization and coupling of the structural and functional brain networks in older women with SD.

Methods

We constructed the structural network from diffusion MRI and the functional network from resting-state functional MRI in 50 older women with SD and 52 demographically-matched older women healthy controls (HC). We used graph theory analysis to examine the topological properties of functional and structural networks, and structural-functional connectivity (SC-FC) coupling, and their potential relationship to depressive symptoms.

Results

Globally, compared with older women HC, the older women with SD showed lower local efficiency in the structural network but not the functional network. Locally, older women with SD showed altered convergent nodal metrics in the default mode, salience, and sensorimotor network regions in both structural and functional networks. Moreover, SC-FC coupling reduced in older women with SD compared to older women HC. These network metric alterations were correlated with depressive symptoms.

Discussion

Older women with SD showed alterations in both structural and functional networks, and in their coupling, which throw light on the role of large-scale brain networks in older female SD.
Advanced Technologies in Plant Factories: Exploring Current and Future Economic and Environmental Benefits in Urban Horticulture
Authors: Yuan Xin , Hu Jiangtao , Marcelis Leo F M , Heuvelink Ep , Peng Jie , Yang Xiao , Yang Qichang
Published: January 2025

Plant factories (PFs), also known as vertical farms, are advanced agricultural production systems that operate independently of geographical and environmental conditions. They utilize artificial light and controlled environments to produce horticultural plants year-round. This approach offers a promising solution for the stable and efficient supply of high-quality horticultural produce in urban areas, enhancing resilient urban food systems. This review explores the economic and environmental impacts and potential of PFs. Breakthroughs in PF research and development are highlighted, including increased product yields and quality, reduced energy input and CO2 emissions through optimized growing conditions and automation systems, transitioning to clean energy, improved resource use efficiency, and reduced food transport distances. Moreover, innovations and applications of PFs have been proposed to address challenges from both economic and environmental perspectives. The proposed development of PF technologies for economic and environmental benefits represents a comprehensive and promising approach to urban horticulture, significantly enhancing the impact and benefits of fundamental research and industrial applications.
Fermented chrysanthemum stem as a source of natural phenolic compounds to alleviate tomato bacterial wilt disease
Authors: Ren Peng , Chen Peijie , Guo Saisai , Mei Xinlan , Jiang Gaofei , Yang Tianjie , Wang Xiaofang , Xu Yangchun , Shen Qirong , Wei Zhong
Published: January 2025

Natural antimicrobial compounds (NACs) in the plant stem are crucial for replacing conventional synthetic pesticides in the control of soil-borne diseases, and microbial fermentation can enhance their concentration and bioactivity. In this study, the stems of ten plant species were collected for fermentation by probiotic bacteria Bacillus amyloliquefaciens T-5 to identify the most effective plant resource for controlling tomato bacterial wilt disease and discover key NACs. Chrysanthemum stem was identified as an optimal fermentation substrate, as its water-soluble extracts (WSEs) significantly inhibited the growth of pathogenic Ralstonia solanacearum and effectively alleviated tomato wilt under greenhouse conditions. Key metabolites, primarily phenolic acids including 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid (PLA), 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid (HPPA), and mandelic acid (MA), were determined by metabolomics, all of which significantly inhibited the growth of R. solanacearum at a concentration of 0.2 mM, with only HPPA effectively controlling tomato wilt. Thus, fermented chrysanthemum stem contains NACs that are effective against bacterial wilt, providing a green option for controlling soil-borne diseases.
A caring academia? Afterword to the Foreword by Gráinne de Búrca, Rosalind Dixon, and Marcela Prieto Rudolphy
Authors: Osella Stefano
Published: January 2025

This Afterword to the Foreword by Gráinne de Búrca, Rosalind Dixon, and Marcela Prieto Rudolphy aims to foster the debate on the recognition of care as a means to achieve gender equality in academia. Drawing inspiration from the ongoing revaluation of care across various disciplines, including constitutional law, the article emphasizes the importance of a cultural revaluation of care within academic institutions. It interrogates whether such a shift could favor a more equitable distribution of care-related tasks and foster a symbolic move toward values such as collegiality, reciprocal nurturing and support, and relationality. Finally, the Afterword asks whether such a transformation could be a crucial first step toward a more sustainable higher-education and research environment.
Anomaly detection algorithms for vehicle-to-network interaction operator-level interactive control support systems based on machine learning
Authors: Wang Wen , Li Peijun , Yang Ye , Qin Jian , Zu Guoqiang , Xu Ke , Zhang Xiaoqing , Yu Jiancheng
Published: January 2025

This study proposes a charging transaction model based on a consortium blockchain to establish a mutual trust network between operators and power supply companies. The model employs the Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance algorithm for transaction validation and utilizes smart contracts to handle account transfers, evaluations, and queries. Through case analysis, it is confirmed that the proposed integration of the particle swarm optimization-K-means method can simultaneously achieve low false-positive rates and high detection rates. Experimental results demonstrate that the anomaly detection algorithm in this paper effectively screens out abnormal data from on-chain charging data.
Electric Trends of Laboratory Medicine: Five Years of Growth, Visibility, and Opportunity
Authors: Strain Colleen , Ravalico Tricia
Published: January 2025

Background

Laboratory medicine has and continues to undergo significant transformation. This paper reviews top trends associated with laboratory medicine using insights, evidence, and outcomes derived from the UNIVANTS of Healthcare ExcellenceTM award program.

Methods

Seventy-two judge-approved best practices of measurably better healthcare were assessed for trends and insights related to outcomes and opportunities for highlighting the value of laboratory medicine.

Results

Ten industry-relevant and insightful takeaways are identified that span stakeholders and key performance indicators.

Conclusion

With evidence that spans 5 years, the findings not only substantiate the critical value of laboratory medicine, but reveal trends associated with award-winning teams, proven integrated clinical care initiatives, and the measurement of their associated outcomes.
Intramural hematomas and astrocytic infiltration precede perivascular inflammation in a rat model of repetitive low-level blast injury
Authors: Gama Sosa Miguel A , De Gasperi Rita , Lind Rachel H , Pryor Dylan , Vargas Danielle C , Perez Garcia Georgina S , Perez Gissel M , Abutarboush Rania , Kawoos Usmah , Sowa Allison , Zhu Carolyn W , Janssen William G M , Hof Patrick R , Ahlers Stephen T , Elder Gregory A
Published: January 2025

In modern war theaters, exposures to blast overpressures are one of the most common causes of brain injury. These pervasive events result in acute and chronic cerebrovascular degenerative processes. Using a rat model of blast-induced mild traumatic brain injury, we identified intramural periarterial hematomas as early primary acute lesions induced by blast exposures. These lesions resulted in intravascular cell death, cell layer reorganization, and plasma leakage into the intraperiarterial basal membranes that constitute the intraperiarterial drainage system (IPAD). Plasma metalloproteases, including MMP-9, in the IPAD basal membranes may degrade extracellular matrix components compromising normal cerebral interstitial fluid drainage, arterial structure and function leading to chronic vascular degenerative processes. Related subacute effects of blast exposure included increased MMP-9 expression in perivascular reactive astrocytes and the extension of astrocytic processes through the layers of affected vessels. These results, in combination with normal levels of proinflammatory cytokines and the absence of proinflammatory MHC II-expressing microglia, suggest an astrocytic role in the clearing of intravascular hematomas and provide further mechanistic evidence that blast-induced vascular degenerative processes may precede the onset of neurovascular inflammation.
Long-day induced flowering requires DNA hypermethylation in orchardgrass
Authors: Yang Zhongfu , Yan Haidong , Nie Gang , Xiao Jiajing , Wang Jianping , Feng Guangyan , Li Dandan , Huang Linkai , Zhang Xinquan
Published: January 2025

Flowering, a pivotal plant lifecycle event, is intricately regulated by environmental and endogenous signals via genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Photoperiod is a crucial environmental cue that induces flowering by activating integrators through genetic and epigenetic pathways. However, the specific role of DNA methylation, a conserved epigenetic marker, in photoperiodic flowering remains unclear. This study integrated methylome, transcriptome, and gene expression analyses in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying long-day (LD) flowering. We found that LD treatment led to CHH hypermethylation, which was associated with the increased expression of RNA-dependent DNA methylation pathway components. LD-induced CHH hypermethylation in promoters correlated with upregulated photoperiod pathway genes and down-regulated miRNAs. The suppression of DNA methylation under LD conditions delays flowering, highlighting the critical role of hypermethylation. Additionally, the novel-miR1736-3p was identified as a negative regulator of DgFT. These findings elucidate the promotion of flowering through LD-induced CHH hypermethylation and provide insights into using epigenetic techniques to control plant flowering time.
Tissue-specific responses of the central carbon metabolism in tomato fruit to low oxygen stress
Authors: Li Xindan , Terzoudis Konstantinos , Hertog Maarten L A T M , Nicolaï Bart M
Published: January 2025

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important model plant whose fleshy fruit consists of well-differentiated tissues. Recently it was shown that these tissues develop hypoxia during fruit development and ripening. Therefore, we employed a combination of metabolomics and isotopic labeling to investigate the central carbon metabolic response of tomato fruit tissues (columella, septa and mesocarp) to low O2 stress. The concentration and 13C-label enrichment of intermediates from the central carbon metabolism were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The results showed an increase in glycolytic activity and the initiation of fermentation in response to low O2 conditions. In addition, the up-regulation of the GABA shunt and accumulation of amino acids, alanine and glycine, were observed under low O2 conditions. Notably, tissue specificity was observed at the metabolite level, with concentrations of most metabolites being highest in columella tissue. In addition, there were tissue-specific differences in the central carbon metabolism with the columella exhibiting the highest metabolic activity and sensitivity to the changes in O2 concentration, followed by septa and mesocarp tissues. Our results are consistent with common plant responses and adaptive mechanisms to low O2 stress, while unravelling some tissue-specific differences, increasing our understanding of the intact fruit response to low O2 stress.
Conserved and novel roles of the bHLH transcription factor SPATULA in tomato
Authors: Martínez-Estrada Eduardo , Bernal-Gallardo Judith Jazmín , López-Gómez Pablo , de la Mora-Franco Daniela , Celso-Espinoza Marisela , Guerrero-Esperanza Moisés , Díaz-Ramírez David , Marsch-Martínez Nayelli , Ordaz-Ortiz José Juan , de Folter Stefan
Published: January 2025

Arabidopsis has served as a model plant for studying the genetic networks that guide gynoecium development, but less is known about other species. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a model for fleshy fruit development and ripening. Here we used tomato to study the transcription factor SPATULA (SPT), a bHLH-family member that in Arabidopsis is known to be important for gynoecium development. We analysed the expression of the SlSPT gene during flower and fruit development and the interaction of the SlSPT protein with proteins previously reported as interactors of AtSPT in the gynoecium. We also generated and characterized loss-of-function tomato lines using CRISPR–Cas9. The results showed that SlSPT forms homodimers and partially conserves the interactions reported in Arabidopsis with some HECATE proteins. We conclude that SlSPT has a role in floral organ development, particularly in stamen fusion, style and stigma development, and trichome formation on the carpels. Furthermore, lack of SlSPT caused altered exocarp pigmentation. A metabolomic analysis of the exocarp showed perturbations in several pathways in the slspt mutant, with flavonoid biosynthesis being the most affected, which could potentially impact the nutritional value of the fruit. In summary, our results show conserved functions during gynoecium development and novel roles that enrich knowledge of the SPT gene in fleshy fruits.
Experentia Et Progressus: An Experiential Needs Assessment of Military Health care Providers in Treating Pediatric Combat Trauma
Authors: Tovar Matthew A , Lara Sebastian W , Rudinsky Sherri L , Bibbens Sara E
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Children are among the most vulnerable populations affected by armed conflicts, yet there is limited data on the preparedness of military medical personnel to care for pediatric combat trauma casualties in austere or large-scale combat operations. This study aimed to assess the confidence, training needs, and resource requirements of military medical providers who have managed pediatric patients during deployment.

Materials and Methods

This IRB-exempt, cross-sectional mixed-methods study used a survey created via a modified Delphi method with input from subject matter experts. The survey was distributed to active duty and reservist physicians, nurses, medics, and corpsmen who had previously deployed to combat environments. Respondents answered Likert-style questions anonymously on the SurveyMonkey platform. Data were analyzed using Welch’s t-test, with statistical significance defined as P < .05. Qualitative data were coded into discrete themes and summarized.

Results

A total of 84 respondents participated in the survey. Only 27% reported feeling confident or very confident in resuscitating pediatric casualties. Health care providers with prior exposure to pediatric patients reported significantly higher confidence in pediatric trauma resuscitation (P = .02). Key factors contributing to low confidence included difficulty with pediatric medication dosing, anatomical and physiological differences, lack of experience, and insufficient pediatric-specific equipment during deployment. Nearly all respondents with prior pediatric combat trauma experience expressed a desire for additional pediatric-specific predeployment training, with nearly half (47%) advocating for more robust military-civilian trauma center partnerships. Furthermore, 59% of respondents felt they lacked adequate emotional support following negative pediatric events and recommended stronger post-traumatic event debriefing and support mechanisms.

Conclusions

Many recently deployed military medical providers reported low confidence in resuscitating pediatric patients in the combat environment, because of drug dosing, anatomic and physiologic differences, and inexperience. Regardless of specialty, almost all providers requested additional pediatric training to improve baseline preparedness. These results can guide future predeployment training and inform policy to reduce unnecessary pediatric mortality on the battlefield.
ChIP-mini: a low-input ChIP-exo protocol for elucidating DNA-binding protein dynamics in intracellular pathogens
Authors: Park Joon Young , Jang Minchang , Choi Eunna , Lee Sang-Mok , Bang Ina , Woo Jihoon , Kim Seonggyu , Lee Eun-Jin , Kim Donghyuk
Published: January 2025

Genome-wide identification of binding profiles for DNA-binding proteins from the limited number of intracellular pathogens in infection studies is crucial for understanding virulence and cellular processes but remains challenging, as the current ChIP-exo is designed for high-input bacterial cells (>1010). Here, we developed an optimized ChIP-mini method, a low-input ChIP-exo utilizing a 5,000-fold reduced number of initial bacterial cells and an analysis pipeline, to identify genome-wide binding dynamics of DNA-binding proteins in host-infected pathogens. Applying ChIP-mini to intracellular Salmonella Typhimurium, we identified 642 and 1,837 binding sites of H-NS and RpoD, respectively, elucidating changes in their binding position and binding intensity during infection. Post-infection, we observed 21 significant reductions in H-NS binding at intergenic regions, exposing the promoter region of virulence genes, such as those in Salmonella pathogenicity islands-2, 3 and effectors. Furthermore, we revealed the crucial phenomenon that novel and significantly increased RpoD bindings were found within regions exhibiting diminished H-NS binding, thereby facilitating substantial upregulation of virulence genes. These findings markedly enhance our understanding of how H-NS and RpoD simultaneously coordinate the transcription initiation of virulence genes within macrophages. Collectively, this work demonstrates a broadly adaptable tool that will enable the elucidation of DNA-binding protein dynamics in diverse intracellular pathogens during infection.
Intraoperative Radiotherapy in Brain Metastasis Surgery allows faster Transition to Systemic Therapy
Authors: Krauss Philipp , Wolfert Christina , Bakos Jason , Stemmer Bastian , Stueben Georg , Kahl Klaus Henning , Shiban Ehab
Published: January 2025

Background

In patients with brain metastases BMs, delay of systemic therapy (CTX) after oncologic surgery due to wound healing issues and postoperative radiotherapy might influence the oncologic outcome. Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) is an emerging option in neurooncology, possibly shortening the time for comprehensive treatment compared to conventional external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). Aim of this study was to compare the transition time to CTX in patients undergoing IORT or EBRT.

Methods

We performed a retrospective chart review analysis of patients undergoing surgery for BMs at our institution with either IORT or adjuvant EBRT. Either therapy was applied according to an internal standard operation procedure favoring IORT if feasible. The time (days) from surgery until the beginning of CTX was compared together with overall hospitalization time.

Results

99 patients were analyzed from which 59 underwent adjuvant EBRT and 40 IORT. Patients undergoing resection of BMs with IORT had significantly shorter intervals to CTX (EBRT vs. IORT; 65.4 ± 54.3 days vs. 32.3 ± 28.0 days (mean±SD); p < .001). Comparing the interval to CTX between last EBRT fraction and IORT showed no significant difference EBRT vs. IORT (26.2 ± 55.8 days vs. 32.3 ± 28.0 days (mean±SD); p = .52). The time spent hospitalized until CTX was significantly lower in the IORT group (EBRT vs. IORT 20.2 ± 9.4 days vs. 9.5 ± 7.1 days (mean±SD); p <.001).

Conclusion

IORT for BM surgery allows faster transition to systemic oncologic therapy than conventional adjuvant EBRT.
Substitutes for Industrial Trans Fats in Packaged Foods: A Scoping Review
Authors: Barros Beatriz Vasconcellos de , Kraemer Mariana Vieira dos Santos , Milano Elisa , Bernardo Greyce Luci , Chaddad Maria Cecília Cury , Uggioni Paula Lazzarin , Proença Rossana Pacheco da Costa , Fernandes Ana Carolina
Published: January 2025

The World Health Organization recommended the global elimination of industrial trans fats by 2023, leading to a decrease in their use in packaged foods. Nevertheless, a gap remains in the scientific literature regarding the ingredients adopted as substitutes by the food industry. This study aimed to map evidence on substitutes for industrial trans fats in packaged foods, discussing their possible designation in the ingredients lists. For this, a scoping review was conducted according to recommendations from the Joanna Briggs Institute. Systematic searches were performed in 6 databases using terms related to industrial trans fats, identification of possible substitutes, and trans fats exemption. The search retrieved 5072 articles. Of these, 233 (152 original articles and 81 review studies) were included in the scoping review. A total of 87 different raw materials were cited as trans fats substitutes in the selected studies, with palm stearin being the most frequent. The processing methods were categorized in 8 groups, with interesterification being the most cited (46% of studies). Food items belonging to 15 food groups were found to contain trans fats substitutes, mainly margarine, shortenings, and spreads. From the collected data, it was estimated that there are at least 690 distinct terms for referring to industrial trans fats substitutes in the ingredients list. Despite the extensive body of research on the subject, the Codex Alimentarius guidelines and some national labeling regulations do not address the reporting of such materials in the ingredients lists. Furthermore, there is limited understanding of the short- and long-term effects of novel technological ingredients on human health. The disclosure of industrial processes to modify oils and fats, as well as the raw materials used, is suggested to be made mandatory in the ingredients list, aiming to safeguard consumers' right to information and enhance monitoring efforts.
Beyond Food Assistance: A Scoping Review Examining Associations of Nonfood Social Safety Net Programs in the United States With Food Insecurity and Nutrition Outcomes
Authors: Duffy Emily W , Poole Mary Kathryn , Gonzalez David , Petimar Joshua , Kinsey Eliza W , Shafer Paul R , Baldwin-SoRelle Carrie , Austin Anna E
Published: January 2025

Objective

To conduct a scoping review to summarize the state of the evidence on associations between participation in nonfood social safety net programs (eg, income assistance, housing assistance) in the United States and food- and nutrition insecurity–related outcomes.

Background

Food and nutrition insecurity are persistent public health challenges in the United States that increase chronic disease risk and exacerbate health disparities. Several food assistance programs enhance food and nutrition security. Nonfood social safety net programs, however, may also improve these outcomes by relieving households’ financial strain. Understanding the scope of research on nonfood social safety net programs’ associations with not only food insecurity but also nutrition insecurity is needed to understand their potential to reduce the burden of diet-related chronic disease.

Methods

Six databases were systematically searched for peer-reviewed articles. Articles were included if they were published between 1995 and 2023; conducted in the United States; available in English; included a dependent variable of food- and/or nutrition insecurity–related measures; and included an independent variable of participation in a federally funded, nonfood social safety net program.

Results

Included articles (n = 65) reported on studies that examined 10 unique social safety net programs; 8 studies examined program interactions. Twenty studies focused on COVID-19 pandemic-era programs. Fifty-eight studies used food insecurity, food insufficiency, or food hardship as outcomes, and 11 studies used nutrition insecurity–related outcomes. Overall, results suggest that participation in nonfood social safety net programs is associated with reductions in food insecurity. Current evidence for an association between program participation and nutrition insecurity–related outcomes is limited.

Conclusion

Further research is warranted on the association between nonfood social safety net programs and nutrition insecurity; potential interactions between social safety net programs; associations between the expiration of pandemic-era programs and food and nutrition insecurity; and how program impacts might differ among populations with persistent disparities in food and nutrition insecurity.
The disclosure of information about trusts: The common law and how it has evolved and been modified by legislation in various countries
Authors: Brandts-Giesen Henry , Boock Samira
Published: January 2025

The disclosure of trust information to beneficiaries is a contentious topic. The issue of whether and what information about a trust is disclosed to beneficiaries has vexed trustees and judges for decades. The common law has evolved over centuries. Lawmakers in some jurisdictions have prescribed their own rules. This article examines the conflicting duties of confidentiality and accountability.
‘I am very sensitive on the subject of accent’: Children, young people and attitudes to speech in inter-war Britain
Authors: Barron Hester
Published: January 2025

This article considers elite and popular attitudes to speech and accent in inter-war Britain, specifically with regard to children and young people. It begins by showing that speech was a consistent preoccupation of educationalists, for whom classed prejudices complemented more progressive concerns about citizenship and employment. It continues by considering everyday school practices, charting the ways in which schools tried to influence their pupils’ speech. Efforts were often variable—and Mass-Observation accounts show that teachers’ attitudes were not always consistent either—but children might respond positively nonetheless. Finally, it considers influences external to school such as family attitudes, the wireless, and the cinema, showing that concerns with speech and language were not limited to an educational hierarchy but were often shared by working-class parents and sometimes children themselves. The article thus suggests that there was less of a difference between official attitudes and the (literal and metaphorical) vernacular than is and was often assumed. It argues that widespread attention to speech and language was one way in which social and educational aspirations were fostered amidst the new technologies, consumerism, and democracy of inter-war Britain.
Second-Generation Antipsychotic–Associated Serious Adverse Events in Women
Authors: McCall Kenneth L. , Leppien Emily E. , Piper Brian J. , Falco Bridgette M. , Fleck Kara K. , Govel Jacob C. , Nasta Gianna N. , Zheng Steven R.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Women have historically been underrepresented in second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) clinical trials, accounting for less than 35% of participants, which raises concerns about the generalizability of the safety profile for these medications.

Methods

The US adverse event reporting system was queried for the dates January 1, 2019, to July 8, 2024, to examine the following 6 SGAs: aripiprazole, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and ziprasidone. Reports were excluded if patients were under 18 years old, contained an unknown age or gender, or were duplicated. Five adverse events were examined: Torsades de pointes (TdP), neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), tardive dyskinesia (TD), agranulocytosis (AG), and cerebrovascular adverse events (CVAE). Counts of these events were noted, and reporting odds ratios (ROR) were calculated.

Results

The total study cohort was 87,356 reports, consisting of aripiprazole (n = 10,715, 12.2%), clozapine (n = 25,096, 28.7%), olanzapine (n = 11,587, 13.3%), quetiapine (n = 28,746, 32.9%), risperidone (n = 10,467, 12%), and ziprasidone (n = 745, 0.9%). The cohort's mean age was 48.6 ± 18.5 years and comprised 42,584 females (48.7%). Most cases were reported by healthcare professionals (74,836, 85.7%). A total of 3,754 reports contained at least 1 of the 5 adverse events. The RORs among females compared to males for TdP (5.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.78–8.47), NMS (0.59, 95% CI = 0.53–0.65), TD (0.88, 95% CI = 0.76–1.02), AG (0.59, 95% CI = 0.51–0.70), and CVAE (1.12, 95% CI = 0.89–1.41) were observed. Females had a significantly higher odds of hospitalization or death with TdP compared to males (ROR = 3.09, 95% CI = 1.36–7.01).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest higher odds of TdP and worse TdP-associated outcomes among females exposed to SGAs compared to males. Further studies are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.
Deep learning for kidney trauma detection: CT image algorithm performance and external validation: experimental study
Authors: Liao Chien-Hung , Ouyang Chun-Hsiang , Chen Chih-Chi , Lin Hou-Shian , Li Yi-Liam , Kang Shih-Chin , Chen Huan-Wu , Kao Kuo-Chin , Cheng Chi-Tung
Published: January 2025

Background:

Detecting kidney trauma on CT scans can be challenging and is sometimes overlooked. While deep learning (DL) has shown promise in medical imaging, its application to kidney injuries remains underexplored. This study aims to develop and validate a DL algorithm for detecting kidney trauma, using institutional trauma data and the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) dataset for external validation.

Methods:

We developed RenoTrNet, a DL model trained on institutional data. We evaluated the model’s performance through external validation on randomly selected cases from the RSNA dataset. Performance metrics included the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). Heatmap visualizations were used to aid interpretability.

Results:

In the internal testing dataset, the model achieved an accuracy of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.82–0.92), with a sensitivity of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.62–0.85) and a specificity of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.89–0.98). PPV and NPV were 0.89 (95% CI: 0.76–0.95) and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.81–0.93), respectively. In external RSNA validation, the algorithm c demonstrated robust performance with an accuracy of 0.93 (0.91–0.95), a sensitivity of 0.73 (0.60–0.83), a specificity of 0.94 (0.93–0.96), a PPV of 0.45 (0.35–0.56), and an NPV of 0.98 (0.97–0.99).

Conclusion:

The RenoTrNet DL algorithm demonstrated high accuracy in detecting kidney trauma on CT scans, both in internal and external validation. By optimizing image segmentation and computational efficiency, this model has potential for clinical deployment, potentially aiding in trauma diagnosis in real-world clinical scenarios.