bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-Linear and Survivable Experimental Modelling of a WEC Co-Located With an OWT
Authors: Crawford Jack , Gubesch Eric , Nader Jean-Roch
Published: September 2023

Ocean renewable sources of energy are to play a large role in mitigating the damaging future effects of climate change. Though, in becoming a viable alternative, greater work must be done in driving their capital costs down towards that of non-renewable technologies. An emerging solution is to combine offshore wind and wave energy devices within the same marine space, offering the potential benefits of increased power generation and shielding of structures in lee.

This paper presents the preliminary results of a novel experimental study into the linear and non-linear wave-structure interactions on a fixed WEC co-located with an OWT. The hydrodynamic response of the WEC was investigated for a range of regular wave sets, focusing particularly the effect of increasing wave amplitude on higher order wave-structure interactions. A process of harmonic decomposition was performed to capture higher order force components at multiple integers of the peak wave frequencies. The study revealed that non-linear contributions to the surge force became significant as wave amplitude increased, showing considerable variation at half the peak loading frequency. It followed that these experimental forces were found to be the sum of linear diffraction and total non-linear force components, with the first order component of the surge force fitting the numerical curve well. Second and third order force components were found to agree well with Stokes’ theory of wave amplitude proportionality. Finally, in maximising the hydrodynamic loading, focus wave tests were performed on the isolated WEC and co-located arrangement. With the OWT in lee, the WEC experienced a reduction in maximum surge force of approximately 23.2%.
A Preliminary Investigation of Risk Control Options for Maritime Accidents in Arctic Waters
Authors: Gu Siyuan , Fu Shanshan , Zhang Yue
Published: September 2023

Effective risk control options (RCOs) are the key issue for risk management of maritime accidents, especially for practical risk prevention and control in a rapidly changing environment in ice-covered Arctic waters. This paper conducts the identification of RCOs for maritime accidents in Arctic waters by using a text mining approach. First of all, we recognize the potential risk control measures (RCMs) for maritime accidents by deeply excavating from the global marine accident investigation reports (MAIR) in Arctic waters and the extensive ice-covered waters based on grounded theory. Second, we identify the critical RCMs considering the frequency of the potential RCMs in the existing MAIRs and related references, and the relationship between risk influencing factors (RIFs) from environmental, technical, human and organizational aspects. Third, we further analyze the dependencies among RCMs, RIFs and maritime accidents in Arctic waters. The text mining software NVivo is used to conduct preliminary text mining of the MAIRs. Furthermore, we propose RCOs for the typical maritime accidents (e.g., ship-ice collision, grounding, fire/explosion) in ice-covered waters based on the critical RCMs. The results can be used to make RCOs in Arctic shipping.
Investigating the Free Surface Effect on the Hydrodynamics of an ROV Moving Along a Straight Path at Design Speed
Authors: Guo Ruinan , Zan Yingfei , Huang Fuxiang , Han Duanfeng , Li Baozhong
Published: September 2023

The numerical models of a 1:3 open-frame Remote Operated Vehicle (ROV) model in drag simulations with various immersion ratios are established based on Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and the Volume of Fluid method in software Star-CCM+ to investigate the free surface effectors. This paper aims to find a reasonable depth for constraint experiments of ROV, which should eliminate the free surface effect to a certain extent. The numerical drag towing tests with different depths in the design speed are performed. Two installing forms are adopted. One is that the ROV is installed in its upright state which means the strut is along the vertical direction of the body-fixed coordinate system, and the other is that the ROV rolls 90°, and the strut is along the lateral direction. Simulation results of hydrodynamic load in six degrees of freedom are analyzed to find the rules of the free surface effect. The flow structures of velocity in wake regions are studied. The reason why the hydrodynamic characteristics exist would be revealed. The results show that the hydrodynamic load will be affected significantly when the depth is less than half of the height of the ROV. And it should be noticed that there is also a considerable impact on the lateral forces and moments when the ROV is in the upright state.
Cementitious Composites for Supercritical Geothermal Well Applications
Authors: Skorpa Ragnhild , Feneuil Blandine , Sugama Toshi , Pyatina Tatiana
Published: September 2023

In the transition from fossil fuels to sustainable, renewable energy sources, development of geothermal energies sources provides an important contribution to ensure the green shift. Per today, most geothermal wells operate at a temperature range of 150–300 °C, but in order to increase power production, a transition to more supercritical conditions (∼500 °C) is needed. It is generally accepted that Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is not suitable for supercritical wells.

In this paper we report mechanical properties and pressure cycling-test (function tests) results of two alternative Calcium-Aluminate-Cement (CAC)-based systems at 300°C and 400°C hydrothermal conditions.

Down-scaled simplified functional tests to mimic well-start up have been performed to evaluate cement sheath integrity under cycling pressure and constant temperature. The setup consists of a downscaled section of a wellbore with casing-cement-rock, and with the use of a pressure shaft inside the casing pressure cycling experiments are performed to investigate the cement sheath integrity and degradation under the increasing pressure loadings. Lower strength and Young’s modulus CAC/silica flour blend failure pressure was higher than that for CAC/silica/phosphate blend. Both CAC formulations outperformed OPC/Silica HT blend.
A Fully Nonlinear Potential Flow Based 2D Numerical Wave Tank Using Multiple Flux Boundary Element Method
Authors: Babu Nitin , Rajendran Suresh
Published: September 2023

Numerical wave tanks are the cutting-edge tool for modeling a fully nonlinear free surface wave. Potential flow modeling based Numerical Wave Tank (NWT) is a powerful approach when a robust solver is needed for nonlinear wave structure interaction problems of practical significance. In this paper, a Mixed Euler Lagrange (MEL) solution based on Higher Order Boundary Element Method (HOBEM) is used for modeling the NWT. Free surface velocities are calculated by solving the boundary value problem using HOBEM in the Eulerian frame of reference while the time integration happens in the Lagrangian frame. However, the traditional HOBEM suffers from the so called ‘corner problem’, where the normal vector at the physical corner of a wave tank model becomes ill defined, leading to errors. This paper presents the multiple flux technique which is used to solve the corner problem in a HOBEM based numerical wave tank. The comparison of the multiple flux technique is made with a traditional HOBEM based boundary value problem while discussing its implementation in detail. A two-dimensional NWT based on multiple flux boundary element method and Mixed Euler Lagrange (MEL) technique with fully nonlinear free surface boundary is used for generating nonlinear waves.
Maritime Navigation Simulations to Measure Captain’s Perceived Operational Limits for Wind Turbine Feeder Barges
Authors: Mohtat Ali , Hertel Melissa , Hooper Christopher , Jors Charles , Van Gundy Coulston , Souquet Benjamin
Published: September 2023

A paradigm shift from conventional fossil fuels to alternative resources is underway in the United States. Offshore wind energy has gained increasing attention in the past few years due to the energy content of wind; however, installation is challenging due to environmental conditions. There has been research on overcoming the supply chain issues introduced by the U.S. setting a national target of 30 G.W. of installed offshore wind capacity by 2030, especially due to limited Jones Act Compliant installation vessels. One of the most accepted solutions is a Jones Act Compliant feeder barge.

The concept of using feeder barges to supply Wind Turbine Installation Vessels (WTIVs) is relatively new. This presentation describes the technical analysis of data collected from a series of maritime navigation mission simulations in a Full Mission Ship Simulator of the type used to train tug operators. The maneuvers analyzed were planned and revised by experienced tug operators, and the performance and limitations were judged by experienced captains after performing each maneuver. The significant wave height (Hs), wave period (Tp), and wave field directionality selected for the study are based on analysis of measured environmental conditions at the project site. The weather conditions used in the simulation were actual wave spectrum data modeling the wave energy from the most active direction and frequency bins.
Transient Temperature and Machine Learning Modeling for Wellbore Drilling
Authors: Gonzalez Angarita Juan Camilo , Belayneh Mesfin , Aadnøy Bernt
Published: September 2023

During drilling, several factors affect the drilling fluid’s well-flowing temperature such as the wellbore geometry, depth, penetration rate, flow rate, shut-in and circulation durations, pump and rotary inputs, fluid, and thermo- and petrophysical formation properties. Both pressure and the well temperature affect the physical and rheological properties of the drilling fluid, which controls the hydraulics and equivalent circulation pressures. The temperature impact on the density of the drilling fluid influences the buoyancy factor, which is one of the input parameters for drill string mechanics designs. Therefore, accurately predicting the wellbore temperature is important to control the well pressure. This paper presents mathematical and machine learning modeling.

The transient temperature model is developed based on energy balance that describes the heat transfer phenomenon in the wellbore and the formation. The modeling couples the pipe and annular energy sources as well. The fluid properties (density and viscosity) are updated with calculated temperature, which is then used as input for further temperature prediction. The equations are solved numerically with the Crank-Nicholson finite differences method.

Moreover, the machine learning (ML) model is developed based on the data generated from the transient temperature model. The result shows that the ML model builds the temperature profile much faster than the mathematical model, with a high degree of accuracy.
Numerical Estimation of Hydrodynamic Derivatives of a Biomimetic Autonomous Underwater Vehicle by Captive Model Tests
Authors: D. Vignesh , Jadhav Pramod Suresh , Thondiyath Asokan , Vijayakumar Rajagopalan , Krishnankutty Parameswaran
Published: September 2023

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles are used to perform underwater inspection, survey, and surveillance tasks and biomimetic AUVs are finding wide applications due to their inherent advantages like a stealth operation, power efficiency, etc. Since AUVs run on batteries, they should be well-maneuvrable and controllable for the desired operation, and provide longer endurance. So, the accurate prediction of the hydrodynamic coefficients of an AUV is crucial throughout the design phase. In the present study, a suitable 6 DOF mathematical model is selected and the captive model tests are performed in the numerical environment for the designed bio-inspired AUV. The steady and unsteady simulations are carried out in horizontal and vertical planes to arrive at the trajectories of forces and moments. The hydrodynamic derivatives are then obtained by solving these trajectories using the Fourier analysis. Finally, the vehicle’s straight-line stability is assessed in horizontal and vertical planes.
Tidal Energy in Indonesia: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Firdaus Ahmad M.
Published: September 2023

The transition to renewable energy is a vision shared by many countries, including Indonesia. Utilising renewable energy is expected to address energy deficits and improve environmental conditions in the future. As the world’s largest archipelagic country, Indonesia has vast potential to harness energy from the ocean, including tidal streams. Many energy converter technology developers and energy business entities have shown interest in deploying their technologies in Indonesia. However, investing in the electricity sector in this country, as well as in other countries, is complex and requires comprehensive information before committing to energy provision projects. Since generating electricity from the tidal stream is relatively new, and there is limited implementation of tidal turbine generators worldwide, understanding the engineering aspects and business issues is essential. For instance, the available resource is not the only essential information for turbine developers; understanding the regulation and government policies in energy sector related, as well as understanding the local demand, are also crucial for the future development of the industry. This paper discusses the opportunity and challenges of implementing tidal energy conversion in Indonesia, from the technical, regulatory, and business aspects of ocean energy provision. The resources from recent studies, the characteristics of the ocean-related to energy conversion, and other technical aspects are also discussed in this paper.
Hydrodynamic Performance of Three Different Oscillating Water Column Devices in Regular Waves
Authors: Socrates S. Sandana , Venkatachalam Sriram , V. Sundar
Published: September 2023

The concept of oscillating water column (OWC) integrating with coastal structures is popular in marine engineering to extract energy from the ocean. The objective of the study is to numerically examine the newly proposed three different fixed oscillating water columns with a forward duct at the bottom of OWC named Forward Duct OWC (FD-OWC), a curved wall at the front side of OWC with a radius equal to the height of OWC called as Curved Front Lip Wall OWC (CFLW-OWC), and hybridization of the curved and vertical wall at the front portion of OWC named as Curved Vertical Front Lip Wall (CVFLW-OWC). This paper used a three-dimensional numerical model to investigate the hydrodynamic performance of three OWC devices under regular waves for constant wave steepness. The numerical model is based on the open-source computational fluid dynamics package OpenFOAM. The numerical results are validated with the available experimental results. The influence of the wave amplification factor, wave power absorption coefficient, the air pressure inside the three OWC chambers, hydrodynamic efficiency, and dynamic water pressure inside and outside the three OWC chambers are evaluated. The results show that the CVFLW-OWC exhibits better hydrodynamic efficiency.
Validation of a Time Domain Panel Code for Prediction of Impulsive Wave Loads on Naval Ships
Authors: van Walree Frans , Sgarioto Daniel , Graham Peter
Published: September 2023

The focus of the present paper is on the prediction of wave loads experienced by a patrol boat and frigate at high speed. The basic principles of a potential flow panel method to predict motions and loads are discussed. Next the coupling to a finite element method representing the ship structure is described. A description of scale model tests performed for both hull forms is given. A number of validation cases for a generic patrol boat and frigate hull form are discussed, whereby experimental and simulated responses and time traces of motions, accelerations, pressures and bending moments in regular and irregular waves are compared.
A Hybrid Approach to Detect Bad Hole Cleaning
Authors: Tabib Mandar V. , Nivlet Philippe , Skogestad Jan Ole , Nybø Roar , Rasheed Adil
Published: September 2023

Bad hole cleaning can lead to severe drilling incidents such as stuck pipes, pack-offs, losses, well instabilities, and gas kicks. This paper presents a non-intrusive hybrid approach to detecting bad hole cleaning. In the hybrid approach, we combine a physics-based model solving multi-phase flow equations for cuttings transport with advanced data-driven and machine learning models in a non-intrusive way. We also demonstrate how data-driven modeling can enhance the accuracy of a physic-based model and vice versa in the context of drilling operations with actual data. We also demonstrate how the hybrid approach can be employed to integrate new data sources from the drilling process, which the pure physics-based models were not designed to incorporate. In particular, we studied the use of pressure sensors in the annulus along the drill string. These sensors are uniquely well suited to detect drilling problems such as bad hole cleaning, as they provide continuous data along a spatial dimension. This is a significant advantage over the sensors on the topside or the bottom-hole assembly. However, bad hole cleaning has a complicated and noisy signature with significant spatio-temporal variations. It is therefore, necessary to integrate the best of data analysis, machine learning and traditional modelling, to deliver a hybrid modelling framework (in this case — a non intrusive hybrid method) that can simulate the real-world hole cleaning drilling operations more accurately and enable better decision making. The results of the hybrid method application on two challenging drilling operation cases are presented here that demonstrates its potential, and conclusions are drawn for further improvement of this hybrid methodology.
Dissociation Pressures of CO2 Hydrate in Sulfate Solutions
Authors: Zhou Ying , Maeda Nobuo , Li Huazhou
Published: September 2023

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has been a popular strategy to mitigate climate change and has attracted significant attention from both industry and academia. CO2 can be stored in the form of CO2 hydrate in deeper locations in an ocean, which makes it a potential option for CO2 sequestration. Dissolved salts in the ocean brine can significantly affect the dissociation pressure of CO2 hydrate. Although various experimental studies have been conducted to investigate the phase behavior of CO2 hydrate in brine, there are few studies focusing on the effect of sulfate salts on the dissociation pressure of CO2 hydrate. In this study, we built an in-house experimental setup to investigate the effect of monovalent sulfate salts and divalent sulfate salts on the dissociation pressure of CO2 hydrate. The dissociation pressures of CO2 hydrate in Na2SO4, MgSO4, and CuSO4 aqueous solutions were measured using the isochoric pressure search method at two different concentrations (6.24 wt% and 12.48 wt%) over the temperature range of 274.44–282.15 K and the pressure range of 1.63–4.03 MPa. The experimental results show that the dissociation pressures of CO2 hydrate in Na2SO4 and MgSO4 solutions increase compared to that in pure water, and the dissociation pressure of CO2 hydrate in sulfate solutions increases with an increasing salt concentration. But CuSO4 barely affects the dissociation pressure of CO2 hydrate. These findings help clarify how the sulfate salts affect the dissociation pressure of CO2 hydrate.
Effect of data preprocessing and machine learning hyperparameters on mass spectrometry imaging models
Authors: Gardner Wil , Winkler David A. , Alexander David L. J. , Ballabio Davide , Muir Benjamin W. , Pigram Paul J.
Published: September 2023

The self-organizing map (SOM) is a nonlinear machine learning algorithm that is particularly well suited for visualizing and analyzing high-dimensional, hyperspectral time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) imaging data. Previously, we compared the capabilities of the SOM with more traditional linear techniques using ToF-SIMS imaging data. Although SOMs perform well with minimal data preprocessing and negligible hyperparameter optimization, it is important to understand how different data preprocessing methods and hyperparameter settings influence the performance of SOMs. While these investigations have been reported outside of the ToF-SIMS field, no such study has been reported for hyperspectral MSI data. To address this, we used two labeled ToF-SIMS imaging datasets, one of which was a polymer microarray dataset, while the other was semisynthetic hyperspectral data. The latter was generated using a novel algorithm that we describe here. A grid-search was used to evaluate which data preprocessing methods and SOM hyperparameters had the largest impact on the performance of the SOM. This was assessed using multiple linear regression, whereby performance metrics were regressed onto each variable defining the preprocessing-hyperparameter space. We found that preprocessing was generally more important than hyperparameter selection. We also found statistically significant interactions between several parameters studied, suggesting a complex interplay between preprocessing and hyperparameter selection. Importantly, we identified interesting trends, both dataset specific and dataset agnostic, which we describe and discuss in detail.
Artist profiling using micro-CT scanning of a Rijksmuseum terracotta sculpture
Authors: Sero Dzemila , Garachon Isabelle , Hermens Erma , Batenburg Kees Joost
Published: September 2023

In the fine arts, impressions found on terracotta sculptures in museum collections are scarcely reported and not in a systematic manner. Here, we present a procedure for scanning fingermarks and toolmarks found on the visible surface and inner walls of a terracotta sculpture using 3D micro–computed tomography, as well as methods for quantitatively characterizing these impressions. We apply our pipeline on the terracotta sculpture
Study for a Hovering Putto
, attributed to Laurent Delvaux and housed in the Rijksmuseum collection. On the basis of combined archaeology and forensics research that assigns age groups to makers of European ancestry from ridge breadth values, we estimate that the fingermarks belong to an adult male. Given that each fingerprint is unique and the carving tools were exclusively made in the artist’s workshop, we give incentive to aim for artist profiling using innovative computational approaches on preserved impressions from terracotta sculptures.
The macrophage genetic cassette
inr/dtor/pvf2
is a nutritional status checkpoint for developmental timing
Authors: Juarez-Carreño Sergio , Geissmann Frederic
Published: September 2023

A small number of signaling molecules, used reiteratively, control differentiation programs, but the mechanisms that adapt developmental timing to environmental cues are less understood. We report here that a macrophage
inr/dtor/pvf2
genetic cassette is a developmental timing checkpoint in
Drosophila
, which either licenses or delays biosynthesis of the steroid hormone in the endocrine gland and metamorphosis according to the larval nutritional status. Insulin receptor/dTor signaling in macrophages is required and sufficient for production of the PDGF/VEGF family growth factor Pvf2, which turns on transcription of the sterol biosynthesis Halloween genes in the prothoracic gland via its receptor Pvr. In response to a starvation event or genetic manipulation, low Pvf2 signal delays steroid biosynthesis until it becomes Pvr-independent, thereby prolonging larval growth before pupariation. The significance of this developmental timing checkpoint for host fitness is illustrated by the observation that it regulates the size of the pupae and adult flies.
A bioengineered trachea-like structure improves survival in a rabbit tracheal defect model
Authors: Tang Hai , Sun Weiyan , Liu Xiucheng , Gao Qing , Chen Yi , Xie Chaoqi , Lin Weikang , Chen Jiafei , Wang Long , Fan Ziwen , Zhang Lei , Ren Yijiu , She Yunlang , He Yong , Chen Chang
Published: September 2023

A practical strategy for engineering a trachea-like structure that could be used to repair or replace a damaged or injured trachea is an unmet need. Here, we fabricated bioengineered cartilage (BC) rings from three-dimensionally printed fibers of poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) and rabbit chondrocytes. The extracellular matrix (ECM) secreted by the chondrocytes combined with the PCL fibers formed a “concrete-rebar structure,” with ECM deposited along the PCL fibers, forming a grid similar to that of native cartilage. PCL fiber-hydrogel rings were then fabricated and alternately stacked with BC rings on silicone tubes. This trachea-like structure underwent vascularization after heterotopic transplantation into rabbits for 4 weeks. The vascularized bioengineered trachea-like structure was then orthotopically transplanted by end-to-end anastomosis to native rabbit trachea after a segment of trachea had been resected. The bioengineered trachea-like structure displayed mechanical properties similar to native rabbit trachea and transmural angiogenesis between the rings. The 8-week survival rate in transplanted rabbits was 83.3%, and the respiratory rate of these animals was similar to preoperative levels. This bioengineered trachea-like structure may have potential for treating tracheal stenosis and other tracheal injuries.
Novel parvovirus in an outbreak of fatal enteritis in European hedgehogs (
Erinaceus europaeus
), Italy, 2022
Authors: Lanave Gianvito , Diakoudi Georgia , Pellegrini Francesco , Lombardi Roberto , Prioletti Michela , Circella Elena , Camarda Antonio , Di Martino Barbara , Camero Michele , Decaro Nicola , Bányai Krisztián , Lavazza Antonio , Buonavoglia Canio , Martella Vito
Published: September 2023

Starting from June 2022, increased mortality associated with enteric signs was reported in European hedgehogs (
Erinaceus europaeus
) recovered at a regional wildlife rescue center, in Apulia, Italy. Cases of enteric disease were observed until the end of the breeding season, despite increased biosafety measures. A novel parvovirus was identified using metaviromic, and parvovirus-like particles were observed in the stools on electron microscopy observation. The virus was detected in the fecal samples of all the animals tested (
n
= 9) and in the internal organs (liver, spleen, and kidney) of three out of nine animals using a specific quantitative assay. In the full-length genome, the parvovirus was closely related (90.4% nt) to a chaphamaparvovirus identified in an Amur hedgehog (
Erinaceus amurensis
) in Asia and to chaphamaparvoviruses (≤ 70% nt) detected in bats and rodents. Since chaphamaparvoviruses are considered as pathogen in rodents, it will be important to investigate the pathogenic role, if any, of these parvoviruses in hedgehogs.

IMPORTANCE

European hedgehogs (
Erinaceus europaeus
) are common in Europe. This species has been shown to harbor occasionally zoonotic pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Exploring the virome of wildlife animals is important for animal conservation and also to assess zoonotic risks. Our metaviromic investigation identified a novel parvovirus from an outbreak of enteritis in European hedgehogs housed in a wildlife rescue center, extending the spectrum of potential viral pathogens in this species.
Influence of multistage hydrothermal fluids on dolomite reservoirs: A case study from the Lower Ordovician Yeli-Liangjiashan Formation in the Chengdao-Zhuanghai area, Jiyang subbasin, Bohai Bay Basin, China
Authors: Sheng Kai , Wang Yanzhong , Cao Yingchang , Wang Shuping , Wang Yongshi , Ma Shuai , Du Yujie
Published: September 2023

It remains controversial whether the influence of hydrothermal fluids on dolomite reservoirs is dominated by dissolution or precipitation. In this study, the influence of multistage hydrothermal fluids on the dolomite reservoirs of the Lower Ordovician Yeli-Liangjiashan Formation in the Chengdao-Zhuanghai area was investigated based on petrographic observations and geochemical analyses, with an emphasis on the temporal relationships among dolomitization, pore formation, and multistage hydrothermal fluid activities determined by in situ U-Pb dating. The δ18O, δ13C, and 87Sr/86Sr data indicate that the genesis of pre-hydrothermal dolomites and the earliest-formed dolomite cement (Cd1) closest to the edges of pores were related to coeval seawater. The U-Pb age of pre-hydrothermal dolomites is 427 ± 11 Ma, representing the time when early dolomitization occurred. The original pore formation predates the precipitation of Cd1 with a U-Pb age of 391 ± 12 Ma. Stage I and stage II hydrothermal fluids were derived from the Precambrian basement and the mantle, respectively, as evidenced by differences in δ18Ofluid values and rare earth element characteristics. Stage I and II hydrothermal fluids occurred at 161 ± 12 Ma and 81 ± 16 Ma, respectively. Therefore, early dolomitization and pore formation are not correlated with the two stages of hydrothermal fluids. Stage II hydrothermal fluids contained a relatively higher amount of H2S than stage I hydrothermal fluids. H2S-related dissolution caused by stage II hydrothermal fluids mainly occurred in the dolomite reservoirs adjacent to major faults, and H2S was gradually consumed as the distance from the major faults increased. The two stages of hydrothermal minerals successively filled most of the spaces in pores and fractures. The influence of multistage hydrothermal fluids on dolomite reservoirs was found to be dominated by precipitation.
Supplemental Material: Mid-Cretaceous to early Eocene Neo-Tethyan subduction records in West Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Zhang Xiaoran , et al.
Published: September 2023

Table S1: Detrital zircon U-Pb isotopic data for samples in this study. Table S2: Detrital zircon Lu-Hf isotopic data for samples in this study.
An Equation for the Calculation of Saturated Water Contents in Silicate Melts: A New Version
Authors: Gnuchev Ya. Yu. , Bychkov D. A. , Koptev-Dvornikov E. V.
Published: September 2023

Abstract—

A set of experimental data compiled from the literature comprises results of 394 quenching experiments that characterize the saturated water content within wide ranges of intensive parameters of silicate systems. Analysis of the main types of published models of water solubility in silicate melt showed that the equation by G. Moore et al. (1998) best describes experimental results. The Moore equation, converted to an exponential form, was recalibrated on an extended set of experimental data, and the new coefficients for this equation are:a= 918;bAl2O3 = – 0.712;bFeO = – 0.749;bNa2O = 0.806;c= 1.087; andd= –11.45. The Moore equation with new coefficients makes it possible to predict the saturated water content in silicate melts accurate to ±1 to ±2 relative % in the range of melt compositions from basalt to rhyolite, pressures from atmospheric to 15 kbar, and temperatures from 550 to 1300°C.
‘M’ mechanics for midline diastema correction in mixed dentition
Authors: Suresh Pavithra , Muthukrishnan Kavitha , Ramassamy Eswari , Gajula Shivashankarappa Prathima
Published: September 2023

Maxillary midline diastema is a self-correcting anomaly which in few conditions may get retained in adolescence stage due to various aetiological factors and correction of which is usually done at permanent dentition stage. The persistence of midline diastema can be predicted in mixed dentition period and necessary management could be provided at the mixed dentition period. This case report is on a novel technique using ‘M’ spring to correct the midline diastema in mixed dentition period.
FRACTAL SURFACES INVOLVING RAKOTCH CONTRACTION FOR COUNTABLE DATA SETS
Authors: VERMA MANUJ , PRIYADARSHI AMIT
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we prove the existence of the bivariate fractal interpolation function using the Rakotch contraction theory and iterated function system for a countable data set. We also give the existence of the invariant Borel probability measure supported on the graph of the bivariate fractal interpolation function. In particular, we highlight that our theory encompasses the bivariate fractal interpolation theory in both finite and countably infinite settings available in literature.
Lightning: Leveraging DVFS-induced Transient Fault Injection to Attack Deep Learning Accelerator of GPUs
Authors: Sun Rihui , Qiu Pengfei , Lyu Yongqiang , Dong Jian , Wang Haixia , Wang Dongsheng , Qu Gang
Published: September 2023

Graphics Processing Units (GPU) are widely used as deep learning accelerators because of its high performance and low power consumption. Additionally, it remains secure against hardware-induced transient fault injection attacks, a classic type of attacks that have been developed on other computing platforms. In this work, we demonstrate that well-trained machine learning models are robust against hardware fault injection attacks when the faults are generated randomly. However, we discover that these models have components, which we refer to as sensitive targets, that are vulnerable to faults. By exploiting this vulnerability, we propose the
Lightning
attack, which precisely strikes the model’s sensitive targets with hardware-induced transient faults based on the Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS). We design a sensitive targets search algorithm to find the most critical processing units of Deep Neural Network (DNN) models determining the inference results, and develop a genetic algorithm to automatically optimize the attack parameters for DVFS to induce faults. Experiments on three commodity Nvidia GPUs for four widely-used DNN models show that the proposed
Lightning
attack can reduce the inference accuracy by 69.1% on average for non-targeted attacks, and, more interestingly, achieve a success rate of 67.9% for targeted attacks.
UNION: Fault-tolerant Cooperative Computing in Opportunistic Mobile Edge Cloud
Authors: Xiao Wenhua , Fang Xudong , Liu Bixin , Wang Ji , Zhu Xiaomin
Published: September 2023

Opportunistic Mobile Edge Cloud in which opportunistically connected mobile devices run in a cooperative way to augment the capability of a single device has become a timely and essential topic due to its widespread prospect under resource-constrained scenarios (e.g., disaster rescue). Because of the mobility of devices and the uncertainty of environments, it is inevitable that failures occur among the mobile nodes. Being different from existing studies that mainly focus on either data offloading or computing offloading among mobile devices in an ideal environment, we concentrate on how to guarantee the reliability of the task execution with the consideration of both data offloading and computing offloading under opportunistically connected mobile edge cloud. To this end, an optimization of mobile task offloading when considering reliability is formulated. Then, we propose a probabilistic model for task offloading and a reliability model for task execution, which estimates the probability of successful execution for a specific opportunistic path and describes the dynamic reliability of the task execution. Based on these models, a heuristic algorithm
UNION
(Fa
u
lt-Tolera
n
t Cooperat
i
ve C
o
mputi
n
g) is proposed to solve this NP-hard problem. Theoretical analysis shows that the complexity of
UNION
is 𝒪(|ℐ|
2
+|𝒩|) with guaranteeing the reliability of 0.99. Also, extensive experiments on real-world traces validate the superiority of the proposed algorithm
UNION
over existing typical strategies.
Edge Caching Placement Strategy based on Evolutionary Game for Conversational Information Seeking in Edge Cloud Computing
Authors: Shi Hongjian , Zhang Meng , Ma Ruhui , Lin Liwei , Zhang Rui , Guan Haibing
Published: September 2023

In Internet applications, network conversation is the primary communication between the user and server. The server needs to efficiently and quickly return the corresponding service according to the conversation sent by the user to improve the users’ Quality of Service. Thus, Conversation Information Seeking (CIS) research has become a hot topic today. In Cloud Computing (CC), a central service mode, the conversation is transmitted between the user and the remote cloud over a long distance. With the explosive growth of Internet applications, network congestion, long-distance communication, and single point of failure have brought new challenges to the centralized service mode. People put forward Edge Cloud Computing (ECC) to meet the new challenges of the centralized service mode of CC. As a distributed service mode, ECC is an extension of CC. By migrating services from the remote cloud to the network edge closer to users, ECC can solve the above challenges in CC well. In ECC, people solve the problem of CIS through edge caching. The current research focuses on designing the edge cache strategy to achieve more predictable caching. In this article, we propose an edge cache placement method Evolutionary Game based Caching Placement Strategy (EG-CPS). This method consists of three modules: the user preference prediction module, the content popularity calculation module, and the cache placement decision module. To maximize the predictability of the cache strategy, we are committed to optimizing the cache hit rate and service latency. The simulation experiment compares the proposed strategy with several other cache strategies. The experimental results illustrate that EG-CPS can reduce up to 2.4% of the original average content request latency, increase the average direct cache hit rate by 1.7%, and increase the average edge cache hit rate by 3.3%.
The Four-Dimensional Carbon Cycle of the Southern Ocean
Authors: Gray Alison R.
Published: September 2023

The Southern Ocean plays a fundamental role in the global carbon cycle, dominating the oceanic uptake of heat and carbon added by anthropogenic activities and modulating atmospheric carbon concentrations in past, present, and future climates. However, the remote and extreme conditions found there make the Southern Ocean perpetually one of the most difficult places on the planet to observe and to model, resulting in significant and persistent uncertainties in our knowledge of the oceanic carbon cycle there. The flow of carbon in the Southern Ocean is traditionally understood using a zonal mean framework, in which the meridional overturning circulation drives the latitudinal variability observed in both air–sea flux and interior ocean carbon concentration. However, recent advances, based largely on expanded observation and modeling capabilities in the region, reveal the importance of processes acting at smaller scales, including basin-scale zonal asymmetries in mixed-layer depth, mesoscale eddies, and high-frequency atmospheric variability. Assessing the current state of knowledge and remaining gaps emphasizes the need to move beyond the zonal mean picture and embrace a four-dimensional understanding of the carbon cycle in the Southern Ocean.
Multi-Cancer Early Detection: The New Frontier in Cancer Early Detection
Authors: Guerra Carmen E. , Sharma Prateek V. , Castillo Brenda S.
Published: September 2023

The new generation of cancer early detection tests holds remarkable promise for revolutionizing and changing the paradigm of cancer early detection. Dozens of cancer early detection tests are being developed and evaluated. Some are already commercialized and available for use, most as a complement to and not in place of existing recommended cancer screening tests. This review evaluates existing single- and multi-cancer early detection tests (MCEDs), discussing their performance characteristics including sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy. It also critically looks at the potential harms that could result from these tests, including false positive and negative results, the risk of overdiagnosis and overtreatment, psychological and economic harms, and the risk of widening cancer inequities. We also review the large-scale, population-based studies that are being launched in the United States and United Kingdom to determine the impact of MCEDs on clinically relevant outcomes and implications for current practice.
Health Effects of Wildfire Smoke Exposure
Authors: Gould Carlos F. , Heft-Neal Sam , Johnson Mary , Aguilera Juan , Burke Marshall , Nadeau Kari
Published: September 2023

We review current knowledge on the trends and drivers of global wildfire activity, advances in the measurement of wildfire smoke exposure, and evidence on the health effects of this exposure. We describe methodological issues in estimating the causal effects of wildfire smoke exposures on health and quantify their importance, emphasizing the role of nonlinear and lagged effects. We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the health effects of wildfire smoke exposure, finding positive impacts on all-cause mortality and respiratory hospitalizations but less consistent evidence on cardiovascular morbidity. We conclude by highlighting priority areas for future research, including leveraging recently developed spatially and temporally resolved wildfire-specific ambient air pollution data to improve estimates of the health effects of wildfire smoke exposure.
Benign Phyllodes Tumors: Comparison of Prognosis among Three Different Surgical Approaches
Authors: Jiang Ying , Wang Bo , Li Jun Kang , Li Shi Yu , Niu Rui Lan , Fu Nai Qin , Zheng Jiao Jiao , Liu Gang , Wang Zhi Li
Published: September 2023

Purpose. To evaluate the prognosis of patients with benign phyllodes tumors (PTs) treated by different surgical methods and to explore the influencing factors of local recurrence. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed 215 benign PTs from 193 patients who underwent surgery at Chinese PLA General Hospital between October 2008 and December 2020. We stratified our analysis according to surgical factors and explored the clinicopathological factors to influence local recurrence. Results. Among 193 patients, a total of 17 (8.8%, 17/193) recurred during follow-up. There were 89 patients in the US-VAE group, of whom 6 (6.7%) recurred; 8 of 57 patients (14%) in the local lumpectomy group recurred, while 3 of 47 patients (6.4%) in the extended lumpectomy group recurred (

P
=
0.252

). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that tumor diameter, mitosis, and history of breast myoma were independent risk factors for tumor recurrence (

P
=
0.005

,

P
=
0.006

, and

P
=
0.004

, respectively). The intraoperative blood loss, operation time, and scar length of the US-VAE group were shorter than those of the other two groups (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. Negative surgical margins of benign PTs can obtain similar prognosis as negative surgical margins >10 mm. Therefore, we recommend that a follow-up observation policy be adopted for patients with unexpected benign PTs, rather than unnecessary open surgical resection. Patients’ maximum tumor diameter, mitosis, and fibroadenoma history were independent predictors for recurrence of benign PTs.
Radio Frequency Fingerprinting Identification of Few-Shot Wireless Signals Based on Deep Metric Learning
Authors: Zhao Caidan , Yu Jinhui , Luo Gege , Wu Zhiqiang
Published: September 2023

As a cross-protocol endogenous security mechanism, the physical layer-based radio frequency (RF) fingerprinting can effectively enhance the existing password-based application layer authentication utilizing the hardware differences of wireless devices, which is unique and cannot be counterfeited by a third party. However, the recognition performance of the deep learning physical layer fingerprint recognition algorithm drops sharply in the case of a small number of signal samples. This paper analyzes the feasibility and proposes the few-shot wireless signal classification network based on deep metric learning (FSig-Net). FSig-Net reduces the model’s dependence on big data by adaptively learning the feature distance metric. We use 8 mobile phones and 18 Internet of Things (IoT) modules as targets for identification. When the number of single-type samples is only 10, the recognition accuracy of mobile phones can reach 98.28%, and the recognition accuracy of IoT devices can reach 98.20%.
Quality Risk Evaluation of Urban Rail Transit Construction Based on AHP–FCE Method
Authors: Ma Shaoxiong , Tian Qing , Zou Chao , Yang Gongyin
Published: September 2023

The demand for urban transport is increasing globally, and urban rail transit is an important infrastructure for meeting this demand. The objectives of this study were to effectively control and prevent all types of risks in the construction of metro projects and improve the quality and safety control of urban metro project construction. First, 20 index factors were selected from the five dimensions of “man–machinery–materials–methods–environment” and constructed an index system for assessing urban metro construction quality risks. Second, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) methods were used to comprehensively evaluate the construction quality risks of subway projects, and the weights of the secondary indices were determined. Finally, the importance of secondary indicators was evaluated using the integrated AHP–FCE method, and the model was applied to engineering practice for validation. The results indicated that the comprehensive AHP–FCE method has good adaptability and rationality and has practical application value for metro project construction quality and safety risk assessment. It can help prevent urban metro construction quality accidents and provides a novel idea for metro project construction quality risk assessment.
Kleefstra Syndrome—Dental Manifestations and Needs: A Case Report with a Literature Review
Authors: Karlak Victoria , Jankowski Jakub , Kolasińska Julia , Nijakowski Kacper
Published: September 2023

Kleefstra syndrome (KS) is a rare genetic disorder (

prevalence
<
1
/
1
 
000
 
000

) characterised by autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), childhood hypotonia, and seizures. A typical facial appearance includes microcephaly, arched eyebrows, synophrism, hypertelorism, a short nose, midface hypoplasia, prognathism, and tongue protrusion. This case report presents a 19-year-old female with KS from a dentist’s perspective. The patient demonstrates limited mouth opening with a slight deviation of the mandible on the left side. The mandibular prognathism and anterior open bite are visible. A generalised inflammatory gingival enlargement is most likely a response to local irritants like plaque and calculus but is enhanced by the patient’s mouth breathing habit. Also, the tongue is unusually large—macroglossia. Dental anomalies were diagnosed by digital panoramic radiograph, including dilaceration of the maxillary left second premolar and taurodontism. The patient was qualified to be treated under general anaesthesia with multiple extractions, restorations, hygienisation procedures, and tooth remineralisation. This individual should also be considered for orthodontic treatment and an eventual tongue reduction procedure. In the case of KS, multidisciplinary cooperation as well as frequent dental check-ups with fluoride prophylaxis are recommended. Unfortunately, dental treatment is still not an integral part of taking care of disabled children and youth with rare diseases.