bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long non‐coding RNA screening and identification of potential biomarkers for type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ma Qi , Wang Li , Wang Zhiqiang , Su Yinxia , Hou Qinqin , Xu Qiushuang , Cai Ren , Wang Tingting , Gong Xueli , Yi Qizhong
Published: March 2022

Background

To investigate new lncRNAs as molecular markers of T2D.

Methods

We used microarrays to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs from five patients with T2D and paired controls. Through bioinformatics analysis, qRT‐PCR validation, ELISA, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of 100 patients with T2D and 100 controls to evaluate the correlation between lncRNAs and T2D, and whether lncRNAs could be used in the diagnosis of T2D patients.

Results

We identified 68 and 74 differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs, respectively. The top five upregulated lncRNAs are ENST00000381108.3, ENST00000515544.1, ENST00000539543.1, ENST00000508174.1, and ENST00000564527.1, and the top five downregulated lncRNAs are TCONS_00017539, ENST00000430816.1, ENST00000533203.1, ENST00000609522.1, and ENST00000417079.1. The top five upregulated mRNAs are Q59H50, CYP27A1, DNASE1L3, GRIP2, and lnc‐TMEM18‐12, and the top five downregulated mRNAs are GSTM4, PODN, GLYATL2, ZNF772, and CLTC. Examination of lncRNA‐mRNA interaction pairs indicated that the target gene of lncRNA XR_108954.2 is E2F2. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that XR_108954.2 (r = 0.387, p < 0.01) and E2F2 (r = 0.368, p < 0.01) expression levels were positively correlated with glucose metabolism indicators. Moreover, E2F2 was positively correlated with lipid metabolism indicators (r = 0.333, p < 0.05). The area under the ROC curve was 0.704 (95% CI: 0.578–0.830, p = 0.05) for lncRNA XR_108954.2 and 0.653 (95% CI: 0.516–0.790, p = 0.035) for E2F2.

Conclusions

This transcriptome analysis explored the aberrantly expressed lncRNAs and identified E2F2 and lncRNA XR_108954.2 as potential biomarkers for patients with T2D.
The prognostic effect of PNN in digestive tract cancers and its correlation with the tumor immune landscape in colon adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Hui , Jin Ming , Ye Meng , Bei Yanping , Yang Shaohui , Liu Kaitai
Published: March 2022

Background

The present study investigated the expression, mutation, and methylation profile of PNN and its prognostic value in digestive tract cancers. The disparities in signaling pathways and the immune landscape in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) based on PNN expression were specifically explored.

Methods

The expression, mutation, methylation levels of PNN, and survival data in esophageal cancer, gastric adenocarcinoma, COAD, and rectal adenocarcinoma were evaluated using several bioinformatic databases. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed to investigate the enriched biological functions and pathways in COAD. Several acknowledged bioinformatic algorithms were employed to assess the correlation between PNN expression and the tumor immune landscape in COAD.

Results

PNN was upregulated and remarkably related to tumor stage in digestive tract cancers. High expression of PNN was positively associated with poor progression‐free survival and overall survival time, specifically in COAD. PNN expression was identified as an independent prognostic factor in COAD. GO and GSEA analyses revealed that PNN participates in multiple biological processes underlying carcinogenicity in COAD. Further investigation showed that PNN expression was significantly associated with tumor‐infiltrating immune cells, immune cell functions, and several immune checkpoints in COAD. The PNN low expression group had a lower tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) score and a higher immunophenoscore (IPS), indicating a better response to immunotherapy.

Conclusion

PNN was highly expressed in digestive tract cancers and could act as an independent prognostic factor and a response predictor for immunotherapy in COAD.
Pedagogical stance in mentalization‐based treatment
Authors: Folmo Espen J. , Langjord Tuva , Myhrvold Nini C. S. , Stänicke Erik , Lind Majse , Kvarstein Elfrida H.
Published: March 2022

Background

A common aspect of evidence‐based treatments for people with borderline personality disorder (BPD) is pedagogical interventions and formats. In mentalization‐based treatment (MBT) the introductory course has a clear pedagogical format, but a pedagogical stance is not otherwise defined.

Methods

Treatment integrity was quantitatively assessed in a sample of 346 individual MBT sessions. Nine group sessions and 24 individual MBT sessions were qualitatively subjected to interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA).

Results

The dominating intervention type was MBT Item 16—therapist checking own understanding (31% of the interventions). IPA unveiled the following: (1) a pervasive, but hidden/implicit psychopedagogical agenda, (2) psychopedagogical content seemed precious for the patients, and (3) four tentative strategies for pedagogical interventions in MBT (a) independent reasoning; (b) epistemic trust; (c) mental flexibility; and (d) application of verified insights, knowledge, or strategies.

Conclusion

Development and clarification of the pedagogical stance in MBT could further improve the quality of therapists' interventions.
Influence of social media platforms in dental education and clinical practice: A cross‐sectional survey among dental trainees and professionals
Authors: Kurian Nirmal , Varghese Ida Ann , Cherian Joe Mathew , Varghese Vinaya Susan , Sabu Aneeta Mary , Sharma Priyanka , Varghese Mevin George
Published: March 2022

Purpose/objectives

Social media platforms (SMPs) have become a popular portal for the acquisition and dissemination of dentistry‐related information. The study aims to identify the pattern and influence SMPs for education and practice among dental trainees and professionals.

Method and materials

A cross‐sectional study involving dental trainees and clinical professionals was conducted based on a structured 20‐item survey instrument among dental trainees and professionals. The validated questionnaire was circulated among six dental training institutions in India through the internet‐based application Google form and achieved a response rate of 60%. The questionnaire focused on identifying the usage of social media in disseminating dentistry‐related content. The data from responders were extracted, sorted, and analyzed for descriptive analysis of various factors.

Result

The survey revealed the most common SMP used for dentistry‐related content as YouTube. The second most commonly used SMP was Facebook for professionals whereas it was Instagram for younger trainees. There was a highly significant difference between professionals and trainees concerning their sources of new information and the most commonly used SMP for dental education (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

There is a growing consensus among young dental trainees and professionals on SMPs being an effective open access knowledge center. The survey results call for the need for a scientific journal and dental schools to have verified pages in social media to act as flagbearers of evidence‐based dental practices. The potentials of SMPs in providing open access information collection to wider viewership across the globe and being a digital archive in attractive audio‐visual forms can be used to strengthen the conventional educational model and improvise clinical practice.
Diastolic Function Assessment of Left and Right Ventricles by MRI in Systemic Sclerosis Patients
Authors: Mousseaux Elie , Agoston‐Coldea Lucia , Marjanovic Zora , Baudet Mathilde , Reverdito Guillaume , Bollache Emilie , Kachenoura Nadjia , Messas Emmanuel , Soulat Gilles , Farge Dominique
Published: March 2022

Background

Heart involvement is frequent although often clinically silent in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients. Early identification of cardiac involvement can be improved by noninvasive methods such as MRI, in addition to transthoracic echocardiography (TTE).

Purpose

To assess the ability of phase‐contrast (PC)‐MRI to detect subclinical left (LV) and right (RV) ventricular diastolic dysfunction in SSc patients.

Study Type

Prospective.

Population

Thirty‐five consecutive SSc patients (49 ± 14 years) and 35 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy controls (48.6 ± 13.5 years) who underwent TTE and MRI in the same week.

Field Strength/Sequence

5 T/PC‐MRI using a breath‐hold velocity‐encoded gradient echo sequence.

Assessment

LV TTE (E/E′) and LV and RV PC‐MRI indices of diastolic function (LV early and late transmitral [EM, EfM, AM, AfM] and RV transtricuspid [ET, EfT, AT, AfT] peak filling flow velocities and flow rates, as well as LV [] and RV [] peak longitudinal myocardial velocities during diastole) were measured.

Statistical Tests

Two‐tailed t‐test, Wilcoxon test, or Fischer test for comparison of variables between SSc and healthy control groups; sensitivity, specificity, receiver‐operating‐characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) to assess discriminative ability of variables. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

TTE LV E/E′ and MRI EM/ and ET/ were significantly higher in SSc patients than in controls (8.27 ± 1.25 vs. 6.70 ± 1.66; 9.43 ± 2.7 vs. 6.51 ± 1.50; 6.51 [4.70–10.40] vs. 4.13 [3.22–5.75], respectively) and separated SSc patients and healthy controls with good sensitivity (68%, 71%, and 80%), specificity (85%, 94%, and 62%), and AUC (0.787, 0.807, and 0.765). LV EfM was significantly higher in SSc patients than in controls (347.1 ± 113.7 vs. 284.7 ± 94.6) as RVAfT (277 [231–355] vs. 220 [154–253] mL/sec) with impaired relaxation pattern (EfT/AfT, 0.95 [0.87–1.21] vs. 1.12 [0.93–1.47]).

Data Conclusion

MRI was able to detect LV and RV diastolic dysfunction in SSc patients with good accuracy in the absence of LV systolic dysfunction at echocardiography. Use of MRI can allow to better assess the early impact of myocardial fibrosis related to SSc.

Level of Evidence

1

Technical Efficacy Stage

2
Modified Olfactory Training Is an Effective Treatment Method for COVID‐19 Induced Parosmia
Authors: Altundag Aytug , Yilmaz Eren , Kesimli Mustafa Caner
Published: March 2022

Objectives

Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) infection often causes olfactory dysfunction and parosmia may occur in some patients with olfactory dysfunction. In this study, we retrospectively investigated the effectiveness of modified olfactory training (MOT) for the treatment of COVID‐19‐induced parosmia.

Study Design

This study presents results of MOT performed with 12 odors for 36 weeks in patients with olfactory dysfunction following COVID‐19 infection. A total of 75 participants were included in the study (mean age 33 years, range 16–60 years).

Methods

The patients were separated into two groups: 1) Treatment group consisted of parosmia patients who received MOT with three sets of four different odors sequentially. 2) Control group consisted of parosmia patients who did not perform any olfactory training. Both groups were matched for age and sex distribution of participants. TDI scores were compared at the time of application and at the end of the 9th month by the Sniffin' Sticks Test. The results of the 0th and 9th months were recorded by applying the parosmia assessment scale to both groups. The results were analyzed statistically, and p < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

When the treatment group and the control group were compared, a significant improvement was observed in both groups at the third, sixth, and ninth month, however the improvement in the treatment group was found to be better than in the control group (P < .001). Extending the treatment from 6 to 9 months in the treatment group was found to be effective in mitigating parosmia complaints and improving discrimination scores (P < .001).

Conclusion

This study has shown that modified olfactory training is effective in the treatment of parosmia following COVID‐19 infection.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 132:1433–1438, 2022
Inexact rational Krylov subspace method for eigenvalue problems
Authors: Xu Shengjie , Xue Fei
Published: March 2022

An inexact rational Krylov subspace method is studied to solve large‐scale nonsymmetric eigenvalue problems. Each iteration (outer step) of the rational Krylov subspace method requires solution to a shifted linear system to enlarge the subspace, performed by an iterative linear solver for large‐scale problems. Errors are introduced at each outer step if these linear systems are solved approximately by iterative methods (inner step), and they accumulate in the rational Krylov subspace. In this article, we derive an upper bound on the errors introduced at each outer step to maintain the same convergence as exact rational Krylov subspace method for approximating an invariant subspace. Since this bound is inversely proportional to the current eigenresidual norm of the target invariant subspace, the tolerance of iterative linear solves at each outer step can be relaxed with the outer iteration progress. A restarted variant of the inexact rational Krylov subspace method is also proposed. Numerical experiments show the effectiveness of relaxing the inner tolerance to save computational cost.
Is SARS‐CoV‐2 seroconversion a risk factor for severe and acute psychiatric symptoms in children?
Authors: Ayrolles Anaël , Ellul Pierre , Trebossen Vincent , Houhou‐Fidouh Nadira , Bonacorsi Stephane , Descamps Diane , Delorme Richard
Published: March 2022

Aims

Since the beginning of the COVID pandemic, studies reported an increase in children’s mental health issues and questioned the impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 on psychiatric symptoms.

Methods

We compared COVID seroconversion in children hospitalized with acute, severe psychiatric symptoms (n = 52) with the sex‐ and age‐matched control group (n = 52) living in the same low‐income geographic area and sampled during the same time period.

Results

Contrary to our hypothesis, we observed less seroconverted children with psychiatric conditions 9.61% (95% CI, 3.59‐21.80) vs 34.61% (95% CI, 22.33‐49.16; χ2 = 14.7, P = 1.24E−4; OR = 0.20; 95% CI, 0.05‐0.64).

Conclusion

This suggests a lower direct impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 compared with the impact of mitigation strategies on psychiatric symptom deterioration in children reported since early stages of the pandemic.
Increasing access to psychosocial care for adolescents and young adults with cancer by integrating targeted navigation services
Authors: Fox Rina S. , Fowler Brynn , Carrera Jennifer Bourneuf , Reichek Jennifer , Sanford Stacy D.
Published: March 2022

Key points

This study assessed the impact of integrating AYA‐specific clinical navigation at a large, urban, adult‐focused cancer center

Information about social work encounters was extracted from electronic medical records for the 10 months prior to and following integration of an AYA navigator

Compared to pre‐integration, the number and proportion of overall and office visit encounters increased post‐integration

The AYA Cancer Program increased its reach without increasing burden on oncology social work services

Results suggest that integrating an AYA‐specific clinical navigator led to increased access to psychosocial care, and likely improved adherence to NCCN biopsychosocial assessment guidelines, without increasing the burden on oncology social work services
Monitoring multivariate coefficient of variation for high‐dimensional processes
Authors: Adegoke Nurudeen A. , Dawod Abdaljbbar , Adeoti Olatunde Adebayo , Sanusi Ridwan A. , Abbasi Saddam Akber
Published: March 2022

Multivariate coefficient of variation (MCV) charts are effective tools for monitoring process relative variability. They are developed on the assumption that the process subgroup size available for monitoring the MCV parameter is larger than the number of process characteristics. In such a case, the unbiased estimates of the in‐control mean vector and covariance matrix are used to calculate the chart monitoring statistic. Here, we study the performance of MCV control charts when only a small subgroup size is available for estimating the in‐control mean vector and covariance matrix. We examine the use of a shrinkage estimate of the covariance matrix and propose two one‐sided upward and downward least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)‐based MCV charts for detecting upward and downward shifts in the process MCV parameter, respectively. Our simulation study shows that the LASSO‐based MCV charts outperform the classical two one‐sided MCV charts when small subgroup sizes are available for monitoring. The improved performance of the proposed LASSO‐based MCV charts in monitoring shifts in the MCV parameter is demonstrated via an illustrative case study of carbon fiber tube application, where changes are detected earlier than the classical two one‐sided MCV charts.
Robotic‐assisted partial cystectomy for muscle invasive bladder cancer: Contemporary experience
Authors: Alanee Shaheen , El‐Zawahry Ahmed
Published: March 2022

Objective

To report our contemporary experience with robotic‐assisted partial cystectomy (RAPC) for muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Methods

This is a retrospective review of patients who underwent robotic‐assisted partial cystectomy with us between 2013 and 2020 and provided ≥12 months of follow up.

Results and limitations

The median operative time for our 35 patients was 190 min (Interquartile range [IQR] 155–280). Four patients developed grade 3 or higher complications (ileus, pneumonia, and urethral stricture). At 12 months follow‐up, the median IPSS score was 10 (IQR 7–11), and recurrence happened in seven patients (recurrence‐free survival 80%). Five of the patients who developed recurrence died because of their disease, and two other patients died of causes unrelated to their cancer.

Conclusions

We describe our technique, functional outcomes, and short‐term follow up results in highly selected patients with muscle‐invasive bladder cancer treated with RAPC.
Scale‐free collaborative protocols for global regulated state synchronization of discrete‐time homogeneous networks of non‐introspective agents in presence of input saturation
Authors: Liu Zhenwei , Saberi Ali , Stoorvogel Anton A.
Published: March 2022

This article studies scalable global regulated state synchronization of discrete‐time homogeneous networks of non‐introspective agents in presence of input saturation based on localized information exchange, where the reference trajectory is given by a so‐called exosystem which is assumed to be globally reachable. A scale‐free collaborative nonlinear and linear dynamic protocols design methodology is developed for discrete‐time multi‐agent systems with both full and partial‐state couplings. The scale‐free nonlinear
dynamic protocol is developed via design based on scheduling for discrete‐time linear general dynamics. Meanwhile, the scale‐free linear observer‐based protocol design is proposed for a class of neutrally stable discrete‐time agent models. Our protocol design methodology does not need any knowledge of the directed network topology and the spectrum of the associated Laplacian matrix. Moreover, the proposed protocol is scalable and achieves synchronization for any arbitrary number of agents.
A two‐way flexible generalized gamma transformation cure rate model
Authors: Wang Pei , Pal Suvra
Published: March 2022

We propose a two‐way flexible cure rate model. The first flexibility is provided by considering a family of Box‐Cox transformation cure models that include the commonly used cure models as special cases. The second flexibility is provided by proposing the wider class of generalized gamma distributions to model the associated lifetime. The advantage of this two‐way flexibility is that it allows us to carry out tests of hypotheses to select an adequate cure model (within the family of Box‐Cox transformation cure models) and a suitable lifetime distribution (within the wider class of generalized gamma distributions) that jointly provides the best fit to a given data. First, we study the maximum likelihood estimation of the generalized gamma Box‐Cox transformation (GGBCT) model parameters. Then, we use the flexibility of our proposed model to carry out power studies to demonstrate the power of likelihood ratio test in rejecting mis‐specified models. Furthermore, we study the bias and efficiency of the estimators of the cure rates under model mis‐specification. Our findings strongly suggest the importance of selecting a correct lifetime distribution and a correct cure rate model, which can be achieved through the proposed two‐way flexible model. Finally, we illustrate the applicability of our proposed model using a data from a breast cancer study and show that our model provides a better fit than the existing semiparametric Box‐Cox transformation cure model with piecewise exponential approximation to the lifetime distribution.
The required size of cluster randomized trials of nonpharmaceutical interventions in epidemic settings
Authors: Sheen Justin K. , Haushofer Johannes , Metcalf C. Jessica E. , Kennedy‐Shaffer Lee
Published: March 2022

To control the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic and future pathogen outbreaks requires an understanding of which nonpharmaceutical interventions are effective at reducing transmission. Observational studies, however, are subject to biases that could erroneously suggest an impact on transmission, even when there is no true effect. Cluster randomized trials permit valid hypothesis tests of the effect of interventions on community transmission. While such trials could be completed in a relatively short period of time, they might require large sample sizes to achieve adequate power. However, the sample sizes required for such tests in outbreak settings are largely undeveloped, leaving unanswered the question of whether these designs are practical. We develop approximate sample size formulae and simulation‐based sample size methods for cluster randomized trials in infectious disease outbreaks. We highlight key relationships between characteristics of transmission and the enrolled communities and the required sample sizes, describe settings where trials powered to detect a meaningful true effect size may be feasible, and provide recommendations for investigators in planning such trials. The approximate formulae and simulation banks may be used by investigators to quickly assess the feasibility of a trial, followed by more detailed methods to more precisely size the trial. For example, we show that community‐scale trials requiring 220 clusters with 100 tested individuals per cluster are powered to identify interventions that reduce transmission by 40% in one generation interval, using parameters identified for SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission. For more modest treatment effects, or when transmission is extremely overdispersed, however, much larger sample sizes are required.
Design of Dinuclear Lanthanide Complexes from N2O2 Donor Ligand for Single Molecule Magnets: Crystalline Architecture and Slow Magnetic Relaxation Studies
Authors: Sushila  , Shivam Kumar , Venugopalan Paloth , Rani Jyoti , Tian Haiquan , Goswami Soumyabrata , Patra Ranjan
Published: March 2022

Three new dinuclear lanthanide complexes [Ln2L2(μ2‐benzoate)2(MeOH)2] ⋅ 4MeOH (H2L=2‐Bis(2‐hydroxybenzyl)aminomethyl]pyridine); Ln=Nd (1), Tb (2), Dy (3)) have been synthesized and structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses. Compounds 1, 2 and 3 are isomorphous and thus the framework connectivity features are the same for all the three compounds. In the dimeric form of the complexes, each metal centre is octacoordinated with square antiprism (D4d symmetry) geometry, which is completed by a coordinated methanol molecule. In addition, the methanol that present in the structural voids also acts as linkers of paddle‐wheel like complexes. Magnetic properties of the compounds have been investigated in detail using direct‐current and alternating‐current susceptibility measurements. From the analysis of all three complexes, the decrease of susceptibility value at low temperatures is due to the depopulation of Stark sublevels and the existence of intramolecular antiferromagnetic interactions. In addition, complex 3 shows slow relaxation of magnetization behavior, a characteristic feature of single molecule magnets (SMMs). An effective energy barrier value (Ueff) of 38.87 K and relaxation time (τ0) of 1.665×10−7 s for the magnetic relaxation process was obtained for 3. Solid state luminescence spectra for complex 2 show characteristic green emission peaks at 543 nm region having potential for applications in the solid state as light emitting diodes and photoluminescent materials.
Build conflicts in the wild
Authors: Da Silva Léuson , Borba Paulo , Pires Arthur
Published: March 2022

When collaborating, developers often create and change software artifacts without being fully aware of team members' work. While such independence is essential for increasing development productivity, it might also result in conflicts when integrating developers' contributions. To better understand the conflicts revealed by failures when building integrated code, we investigate their frequency and structure and adopted resolution patterns in 451 open‐source Java projects. To detect such build conflicts, we select merge scenarios from git repositories, parse their Travis build logs, and check whether the build error messages are related to the merged changes. We find and classify 239 build conflicts and their resolution patterns. Most build conflicts are caused by missing declarations removed or renamed by one developer but referenced by another developer. Conflicts caused by renaming are often resolved by updating the missing reference, whereas removed declarations are often reintroduced. Most fix commits are authored by one of the merge scenario contributors. Based on our catalogue of conflict causes, awareness tools could alert developers about the risk of conflict situations. Program repair tools could benefit from our catalogue of resolution patterns to automatically fix conflicts; we illustrate that with a proof of concept implementation of a tool that fixes conflicts.
Interfacial Modification Engineering with Cs3Cu2I5 Nanocrystals for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Le , Zhou Donglei , Zi Lu , Sun Rui , Liu Shuainan , Liu Bin , Shi Zhichong , Liu Dali , Song Hongwei
Published: March 2022

Ion defects at surface and grain boundaries (GBs) of perovskite films are paramount factors that influence the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Various methods have been proposed to solve the problems, but it still remains a great challenge because of the sophisticated and multiplicity of these defects. Herein, a modification method is developed that all‐inorganic low‐dimensional cesium copper halide nanocrystals (Cs3Cu2I5 NCs) are introduced to reduce the ionic defects of perovskite films at the surface and GBs. The champion device modified by Cs3Cu2I5 NCs exhibits remarkable promotion of PCE from 19.88% to 22.03% and fill factor from 74.09% to 82.21%. The results show that the solid‐state interdiffusion process occurs between the perovskite films and Cs3Cu2I5 NCs, which can improve the crystallinity, reduce interfacial recombination loss, and enhance the interfacial carrier transport in PSCs. Especially, the element distribution of Cs3Cu2I5 NCs in perovskite films affects the effectiveness of ionic defects passivation in the perovskite lattice. The PSCs device retains 91.6% of its initial PCE after 504 h under high moisture conditions. This work demonstrates an interfacial engineering strategy using the characteristic perovskite NCs, which provides a passivation method to achieve the high‐performance PSCs.
Edge intelligence based digital twins for internet of autonomous unmanned vehicles
Authors: Yang Bin , Wu Bin , You Yuwen , Guo Chunmei , Qiao Liang , Lv Zhihan
Published: March 2022

It aims to explore the efficient and reliable wireless transmission and cooperative communication mechanism of Internet of Vehicles (IoV) based on edge intelligence technology. It first proposes an intelligent network architecture for IoV services by combining network slicing and deep learning (DL) technology, and then began to study the key technologies needed to achieve the architecture. It designs the cooperative control mechanism of unmanned vehicle network based on the full study of wireless resource allocation algorithm from the micro level. Second, in order to improve the safety of vehicle driving, deep reinforcement learning is used to configure the wireless resources of IoV network to meet the needs of various IoV services. The research results show that the accuracy rate of the improved AlexNet algorithm model can reach 99.64%, the accuracy rate is more than 80%, the data transmission delay is less than 0.02 ms, and the data transmission packet loss rate is less than 0.05. The algorithm model has practical application value for solving the data transmission related problems of vehicular internet communication, providing an important reference value for the intelligent development of unmanned vehicle internet.
Single Atom Catalysts: An Overview of the Coordination and Interactions with Metallic Supports
Authors: Gawish Monaf Abdalmajid , Drmosh Q. A. , Onaizi Sagheer A.
Published: March 2022

Catalyst utilization is a key economic factor in heterogeneous catalysis, particularly, when noble metals are used as the active phase. A huge saving on catalyst cost can be achieved with developing a single atomic layer of the active catalyst on a given cheap support. Besides the economic benefit, single atom catalysts (SACs) have also shown superior activity and selectivity relative to catalytic particles or nanoparticles; yet they are prone to aggregation and deactivation. The development of effective, stable, and commercially viable SACs is still a huge challenge. One of the remaining key obstacles is the ability to easily and effectively tune SACs‐support interactions and coordination in a way that enables the production of robust, stable, and versatile SACs. Accordingly, the coordination and interactions between metallic supports and SACs and their impacts on SACs stability and activity are reviewed in this article.
Effect of cadmium on Rho GTPases signal transduction during osteoclast differentiation
Authors: He Shuangjiang , Zhang Kanglei , Cao Ying , Liu Gang , Zou Hui , Song Ruilong , Liu Zongping
Published: March 2022

Osteoclasts are the key target cells for cadmium (Cd)‐induced bone metabolism diseases, while Rho GTPases play an important role in osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. To identify new therapeutic targets of Cd‐induced bone diseases; we evaluated signal transduction through Rho GTPases during osteoclast differentiation under the influence of Cd. In osteoclastic precursor cells, 10 nM Cd induced pseudopodia stretching, promoted cell migration, upregulated the levels of Cdc42, and RhoQ mRNAs and downstream Rho‐associated coiled‐coil kinase 1 (ROCK1) and ROCK2 proteins, and downregulated the actin‐related protein 2/3 (ARP2/3) levels. Cd at 2 and 5 μM shortened the pseudopodia, inhibited cell migration, and decreased ROCK1, ROCK2, and ARP2/3 protein levels; Cd at 5 μM also reduced the mRNA expression levels of Rac1, Rac2, and RhoU mRNAs and decreased the level of phosphorylated (p)‐cofilin. In osteoclasts, 10 nM Cd induced the formation of sealing zones, slightly upregulated Cdc42 mRNA levels and ROCK2 and ARP2/3 protein levels and significantly reduced p‐cofilin levels. Cd at 2 μM and 5 μM Cd blocked the fusion of precursor cells; and 5 μM Cd downregulated the expression levels of RhoB, Rac1, Rac3, and RhoU mRNAs, and ROCK1, p‐cofilin and ARP2/3 protein levels, significantly. In vivo, Cd (at 5 or 25 mg/L) increased the levels of key proteins RhoA, Rac1/2/3, Cdc42, and RhoU and their mRNAs in bone marrow cells. In summary, the results suggested that Cd affected the differentiation process of osteoclast and altered the expression of several Rho GTPases, which might be crucial targets of Cd during the differentiation of osteoclasts.
Einleitung
Authors: Wilke René
Published: March 2022

Wissenschaft kommuniziert. Mit diesem Titel möchte ich Wissenschaft nicht ‚personifizieren‘: Anstatt in der dritten grammatischen Person des Singulars (er/sie/es kommuniziert), steht kommuniziert im Titel dieser Arbeit für das adjektivisch gebrauchte Partizip Perfekt. So betone ich, dass es sich bei der im Folgenden beschriebenen empirischen Fallstudie, im Ergebnis, um eine Analyse des praktischen Vollzugs von Wissenschaft im Prozess der Kommunikation handelt. Gegenstand meiner Arbeit sind Face-to-face-Kommunikationen zwischen menschlichen Akteuren, die ich für das, was ich hier unter Wissenschaft verstehe, als konstitutiv betrachte.
Vorannahmen und Grundbegriffe
Authors: Wilke René
Published: March 2022

Die Soziologie als multiparadigmatische Wissenschaft (Kneer und Schroer 2009), ist, stärker als andere Wissenschaften, nur dann intersubjektiv nachvollziehbar, wenn Soziolog/-innen ihre Forschungsarbeit reflektieren und in ihren wissenschaftlichen Abhandlungen explizieren. Auch die detaillierte Nachvollziehbarkeit meines Forschungsansatzes erfordert, neben einführender Kenntnisse des Felds sowie des methodologischen Vorgehens bei den Analysen, die Klärung meiner theoretischen Grundbegriffe. Von besonderer Relevanz ist diese nicht zuletzt für die Erläuterung meines Kommunikationsbegriffs, der – sowohl theorie- als auch gegenstandsbezogen – auf einen verstehenden Ansatz rekurriert.
Gattungen und Gattungsanalyse
Authors: Wilke René
Published: March 2022

Die Gattungsanalyse (GA) ist von doppelter Bedeutung für die vorliegende Fallstudie: Erstens aufgrund ihres sprach- bzw. kommunikationssoziologischen Kontexts: Vor dem Hintergrund der gesetzten Fragestellung und des empirischen Gegenstand, der explizit eine Kommunikationsform im Sinne des KoKo darstellt, bietet sich die kommunikativ-konstruktivistisch informierte GA für die Analyse des Group-Talks an. Sowohl der auf einer verstehenden Soziologie basierende Sozialkonstruktivismus als Vorläufer der GA und seine ‚empirisch aktualisierte‘ Variante, der kommunikative Konstruktivismus als ihr direkter Nachfolger, als auch die sprachtheoretischen Entwicklungen, die dem von Luckmann konzipierten Gattungsbegriff vorangegangen sind, und schließlich auch die Methodologie, die sich an die GA anschließt, Fokussierte Ethnographie und Videographie, sind von zentraler Bedeutung für meine Forschungsperspektive.
Die Gattungsanalyse des Group-Talks
Authors: Wilke René
Published: March 2022

Das Beispiel von Kellogg, Yates und Orlikowski (2006) dient mir im Folgenden als Überleitung zum empirischen Teil meiner Arbeit. Obgleich in einem Wirtschaftsunternehmen verortet erinnert die Situation dort an die des Group-Talks: Auch in der CNS-Gruppe ist die Kommunikationsarbeit mit laufender Digitisierung und Digitalisierung der (Forschungs-)Fortschritte verbunden. Wie bei AdWeb sind auch die Teilnehmer/-innen der beobachteten CNS-Forschungsgruppe unentwegt mit der ihr präsentationales Wissen charakterisierenden Sichtbarmachung, Repräsentation und Integration ihrer Arbeit beschäftigt, sowohl gegenüber internen als auch externen Teilnehmer/-innen der Organisation.
Reducing the O(3) model as an effective field theory
Authors: Gudnason Sven Bjarke , Nitta Muneto
Published: March 2022

Abstract

We consider the O(3) or ℂP1 nonlinear sigma model as an effective field theory in a derivative expansion, with the most general Lagrangian that obeys O(3), parity and Lorentz symmetry. We work out the complete list of possible operators (terms) in the Lagrangian and eliminate as many as possible using integrations by parts. We further show at the four-derivative level, that the theory can be shown to avoid the Ostrogradsky instability, because the dependence on the d’Alembertian operator or so-called box, can be eliminated by a field redefinition. Going to the six-derivative order in the derivative expansion, we show that this can no longer be done, unless we are willing to sacrifice Lorentz invariance. By doing so, we can eliminate all dependence on double time derivatives and hence the Ostrogradsky instability or ghost, however, we unveil a remaining dynamical instability that takes the form either as a spiral instability or a runaway instability and estimate the critical field norm, at which the instability sets off.
Dark freeze-out cogenesis
Authors: Chu Xiaoyong , Cui Yanou , Pradler Josef , Shamma Michael
Published: March 2022

Abstract

We propose a new mechanism where a multi-component dark sector generates the observed dark matter abundance and baryon asymmetry and thus addresses the coincidence between the two. The thermal freeze-out of dark matter annihilating into meta-stable dark partners sets the dark matter relic abundance while providing the out-of-equilibrium condition for baryogenesis. The meta-stable state triggers baryon asymmetry production by its decay well after the freeze-out and potentially induces a period of early matter domination before its decay. The dark matter and baryon abundances are related through number conservation within the dark sector (cogenesis). The “coincidence” is a natural outcome with GeV- to TeV-scale symmetric dark matter and the dark sector’s interactions with the Standard Model quarks. We present a UV-complete model and explore its phenomenological predictions, including dark matter direct detection signals, LHC signatures of new massive particles with color charges and long-lived particles with displaced vertices, dark matter-induced nucleon conversions, (exotic) dark matter indirect detection signals, and effects on the cosmological matter power spectrum. As a side result, we provide a novel analytical treatment for dark sector freeze-out, which may prove useful in the study of related scenarios.
On lattice models of gapped phases with fusion category symmetries
Authors: Inamura Kansei
Published: March 2022

Abstract

We construct topological quantum field theories (TQFTs) and commuting projector Hamiltonians for any 1+1d gapped phases with non-anomalous fusion category symmetries, i.e. finite symmetries that admit SPT phases. The construction is based on two-dimensional state sum TQFT whose input datum is an H-simple left H-comodule algebra, where H is a finite dimensional semisimple Hopf algebra. We show that the actions of fusion category symmetries $$ \mathcal{C} $$
C
on the boundary conditions of these state sum TQFTs are represented by module categories over $$ \mathcal{C} $$
C
. This agrees with the classification of gapped phases with symmetry $$ \mathcal{C} $$
C
. We also find that the commuting projector Hamiltonians for these state sum TQFTs have fusion category symmetries at the level of the lattice models and hence provide lattice realizations of gapped phases with fusion category symmetries. As an application, we discuss the edge modes of SPT phases based on these commuting projector Hamiltonians. Finally, we mention that we can extend the construction of topological field theories to the case of anomalous fusion category symmetries by replacing a semisimple Hopf algebra with a semisimple pseudo-unitary connected weak Hopf algebra.
J/ψ polarization in semi-inclusive DIS at low and high transverse momentum
Authors: D’Alesio Umberto , Maxia Luca , Murgia Francesco , Pisano Cristian , Rajesh Sangem
Published: March 2022

Abstract

We study the polar and azimuthal decay angular distributions of J/ψ mesons produced in semi-inclusive, deep-inelastic electron-proton scattering. For the description of the quarkonium formation mechanism, we adopt the framework of nonrelativistic QCD, with the inclusion of the intermediate color-octet channels that are suppressed at most by a factor v4 in the velocity parameter v relative to the leading color-singlet channel. We put forward factorized expressions for the helicity structure functions in terms of transverse momentum dependent gluon distributions and shape functions, which are valid when the J/ψ transverse momentum is small with respect to the hard scale of the process. By requiring that such expressions correctly match with the collinear factorization results at high transverse momentum, we determine the perturbative tails of the shape functions and find them to be independent of the J/ψ polarization. In particular, we focus on the cos 2ϕ azimuthal decay asymmetry, which originates from the distribution of linearly polarized gluons inside an unpolarized proton. We therefore suggest a novel experiment for the extraction of this so-far unknown parton density that could be performed, in principle, at the future Electron-Ion Collider.
High quality axion via a doubly composite dynamics
Authors: Lee Seung J. , Nakai Yuichiro , Suzuki Motoo
Published: March 2022

Abstract

We explore a new framework that furnishes a mechanism to simultaneously address the electroweak naturalness problem and the axion high quality problem. The framework is based on a doubly composite dynamics where the second confinement takes place after the CFT encounters the first confinement and the theory flows into another conformal fixed point. For a calculable example, we present a holographic dual description of the 4D model via a warped extra dimension model with three 3-branes. While the hierarchy problem is taken cared of by the localization of the Higgs fields on the TeV brane just as in the original Randall-Sundrum model, the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry is realized as a gauge symmetry in the bulk of the extra dimension to solve the axion quality problem. We introduce a 5D scalar field whose potential at the intermediate brane drives spontaneous breaking of the PQ symmetry. Then, the PQ breaking scale is given by the scale of the intermediate brane and is naturally small compared to the Planck scale. The axion bulk profile is significantly suppressed around the UV brane, which protects the axion from gravitational violations of the PQ symmetry on the UV brane. Our model genuinely predicts the existence of the Kaluza-Klein excitations of the QCD axion at around the TeV scale and relatively light extra Higgs bosons.
No Page curves for the de Sitter horizon
Authors: Kames-King Joshua , Verheijden Evita M. H. , Verlinde Erik P.
Published: March 2022

Abstract

We investigate the fine-grained entropy of the de Sitter cosmological horizon. Starting from three-dimensional pure de Sitter space, we consider a partial reduction approach, which supplies an auxiliary system acting as a heat bath both at $$ \mathcal{I} $$
I
+ and inside the static patch. This allows us to study the time-dependent entropy of radiation collected for both observers in the out-of-equilibrium Unruh-de Sitter state, analogous to black hole evaporation for a cosmological horizon. Central to our analysis in the static patch is the identification of a weakly gravitating region close to the past cosmological horizon; this is suggestive of a relation between observables at future infinity and inside the static patch. We find that in principle, while the meta-observer at $$ \mathcal{I} $$
I
+ naturally observes a pure state, the static patch observer requires the use of the island formula to reproduce a unitary Page curve. However, in practice, catastrophic backreaction occurs at the Page time, and neither observer will see unitary evaporation.
Arzneimitteltherapiesicherheit gefördert durch die interprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit von Arzt und Apotheker auf Intensivstationen in Deutschland
Authors: Hilgarth Heike , Waydhas Christian , Dörje Frank , Sommer Julia , Kluge Stefan , Ittner Karl Peter
Published: March 2022

Hintergrund

Kritisch kranke Patienten sind besonders anfällig für unerwünschte Arzneimittelereignisse. Internationale Studien zeigen, dass pharmazeutische Betreuung die Patienten- und Arzneimitteltherapiesicherheit positiv beeinflusst. National wird die Integration von Apothekern in das multidisziplinäre Team und eine Teilnahme an Visiten gefordert. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, Art und Umfang der pharmazeutischen Betreuung in der Intensivmedizin in Deutschland zu erheben.

Methode

In einer Literatur- und Datenbankrecherche wurden 13 relevante pharmazeutische Tätigkeiten identifiziert. Darauf aufbauend wurde von einem Expertengremium ein Onlinesurvey mit 27 Fragen zur Implementierung der pharmazeutischen Betreuung auf Intensivstationen erstellt. Die Umfrage wurde an Leiter deutscher Intensivstationen versandt.

Ergebnisse

Eine regelmäßige pharmazeutische Betreuung ist bei 35,3 % (59/167) der Intensivstationen etabliert. Arzneimittelinformation (89,7 % [52/58]), pharmazeutische Interventionen mit Therapieumstellung (z. B. in der Visite; 67,2 % [39/58]), regelmäßige Evaluation der Verordnung (Medikationsanalyse; 65,5 % [38/58]) sowie die Überwachung der Medikation (hinsichtlich von Nebenwirkungen, Effektivität und Kosten; 63,8 % [37/58]) zählen zu den meistgenannten Tätigkeiten. Die Teilnehmer mit pharmazeutischer Betreuung (58/168) stufen 7 von 13 Tätigkeiten als „essenziell/unverzichtbar“ ein, wohingegen es nur zwei bei den Teilnehmern ohne pharmazeutische Betreuung (104/168) sind.

Schlussfolgerung

Nur wenige Intensivstationen in Deutschland haben den Stationsapotheker bereits in das multidisziplinäre Team integriert. Ist ein pharmazeutischer Service etabliert, wird mehreren pharmazeutischen Tätigkeitsfeldern eine höhere Gewichtung/Bedeutung zugeschrieben.
Normative measurements of the superior oblique and inferior oblique muscles by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Rana Khizar , Juniat Valerie , Rayan Aaron , Patel Sandy , Selva Dinesh
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Normative oblique muscle data may help to diagnose pathological enlargement of the oblique muscles. We aim to describe the normative values of the superior and inferior oblique muscles in an Australian cohort on T1-weighted MRI and fat suppressed contrast enhanced T1-weighted MRI.

Methods

A retrospective review of patients who underwent 3 T orbital MRI. The healthy orbits were used to conduct measurements in patients with a unilateral orbital lesion. The maximum diameters of the superior and inferior oblique muscles were measured on coronal planes. The diameter was measured perpendicular to the long axis of the muscles.

Results

The normal measurements (mean ± SD) on fat suppressed contrast enhanced T1-weighted MRI: superior oblique, 3.0 ± 0.5 mm and inferior oblique, 2.7 ± 0.5 mm. On T1-weighted MRI: superior oblique, 2.8 ± 0.5 mm and inferior oblique, 2.5 ± 0.4 mm. In patients who had both sequences performed, the superior and inferior oblique diameters were significantly higher on the fat suppressed contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI than the T1-weighted MRI sequence (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Oblique muscle enlargement may be seen in a range of orbital diseases. These data may help in diagnosing oblique muscle enlargement. In addition, variations in the measured muscle diameters can be seen according to the scan sequence that is used.