bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long Overlooked Residual Oil Zones (ROZ's) Are Brought to the Limelight
Authors: Harouaka A. , Trentham B. , Melzer S.
Published: November 2013

Residual oil zones have been located below oil/water contact of many oil reservoirs (Brownfield’s) in the Permian Basin and elsewhere; they are also present far from main pay zones (Greenfield’s). These ROZ’s were, for a long time, considered an integral part of the aquifer as they have been naturally water flooded at a very low flow rate over geological times.

New thinking is recognizing them as an important hydrocarbon resource with economic oil saturations ranging between 20 and 40 %. They (ROZ’s) are an excellent target for a tertiary recovery process which, in the Permian Basin, is almost synonymous to CO2 injection. ROZ’s are probably the most conventional of unconventional oil resources.

Located right beneath or in the vicinity of fully developed oil fields, these oil zones were a portion of a larger oil entrapment which has been thoroughly water flooded by Mother Nature. Field projects are demonstrating that ROZ’s are both technically and economically viable through a tertiary recovery process.

Several pilots and full field applications are currently being carried out in the Permian Basin and soon to be starting in the Rockies. As their distribution becomes well documented, ROZ’s are expected to account for a substantial increase in oil resources. Those under CO2 injection in the Permian Basin are currently being produced above the estimated rate of 11,000 bopd, keeping in mind that some companies do not report the ROZ zone production separate from the main pay.

Modern oil/water contacts whereas traditionally considered the lowest part of an oil reservoir, ROZ’s are changing that perception and increasing significantly the thickness and lateral extent of several oil fields. In many instances they (ROZ’s) are thicker than the maximum thickness of the known associated primary reservoir. Owing to the large lateral extent of the aquifer flushing process, many green fields are now being recognized at significant distances from fully developed oil fields.
A Semi-analytical Model for Hydraulically Fractured Wells With Stress-Sensitive Conductivities
Authors: Yao Shanshan , Zeng Fanhua , Liu Hong
Published: November 2013

The common methods to model hydraulic fractures are based on the assumption of constant fracture conductivity. However, in some cases the hydraulic fracture conductivity may be a function of stress/pressure, and thus significantly change during production. It is reported that the hydraulic fracture conductivity may be reduced from a few to hundreds of folds in the literature.

This paper presents a semi-analytical model to facilitate transient pressure analysis for hydraulically fractured wells with stress-dependent hydraulic fracture conductivities. This model is developed for both hydraulically fractured vertical wells and multi-stage fractured horizontal wells. Considering the stress-dependent hydraulic fracture conductivities leads to the mathematical model being strongly non-linear. In order to solve the problem, hydraulic fractures are discretized into several slab source segments. The fluid flow from formation directly to fractures and flow inside fractures are calculated at each time step. Pressure distribution can be computed with complete fluid flow distribution. Then, the conductivities of hydraulic fractures are updated based on the pressure distribution. In each time step, an iteration process is used to deal with the relationship between fracture conductivities and the pressure.

The effect of stress-sensitive conductivities on transient pressure behavior is studied and type curves are documented. As the fracture conductivity decrease, the pressure and corresponding pressure derivative curves rise quickly and when the conductivity declines to the minimum value, the increasing pressure drop slows down. Therefore, a hump is formed on the pressure derivative curves. The slope of the hump is close to unit in log-log plot. The time of the hump's appearance and its size are determined by characteristics of hydraulic fractures, reservoir properties and production rate. Field examples from fractured vertical/horizontal wells are analyzed and reliable results are obtained.
Innovative Method for Connate Water Determination in Core Material Identifies Formation Heterogeneity and Potential Damage Mechanisms
Authors: Williams R. D. , Mortensen D. C. , Tek Terra , Willberg D. M.
Published: November 2013

The continued evolution of hydraulic fracturing technology has enabled hydrocarbon production in tight, unconventional reservoirs. This usually requires large amounts of water, injected deep underground, which interacts with formations through different pathways. One of the rock-fluid interactions that may occur is salt leaching and mineral dissolution, which mobilizes large amounts of potentially reactive ionic species within the fracture network. Liberation of salt from the reservoir can have a number of consequences, ranging from high salinity flowback water treatment issues to production of geochemical scale that can damage fracture conductivity. An advanced salt analysis method has been designed to characterize the ionic species present in interstitial waters confined within core material, to analyze soluble mineral species that can be mobilized during hydraulic fracturing, and to quantify the scaling potential of reactive ionic species present during treatment and initial production. This method determines connate water chemistry by utilizing a novel solvent extraction procedure that characterizes free and clay bound ions, along with related rock properties (mineralogy, water saturation, and cation exchange capacity). This combined dataset is used to determine the thermodynamically stable composition of the connate water at reservoir conditions, and examine the heterogeneity in chemical composition from the core scale to the reservoir scale. Connate water composition obtained by this method can be utilized for a number of applications, including resistivity log correlation and chemical fingerprinting that can be used with flowback water chemistry to identify fracture propagation. Furthermore, potential chemical incompatibility issues such as scale formation within the target interval or adjacent zones can be identified so that hydraulic fracturing fluid chemistries can be properly treated to eliminate potential incompatibilities. A case study on connate water chemistry in the Montney and Duvernay shale formations is presented using this detailed characterization strategy. The results demonstrate that the presence of key ions, like vanadium and molybdenum in the Montney, can be used to identify the extent of fracture propagation. Because this methodology was also able to identify zones that could produce geochemical scale (e.g. BaSO­4), hydraulic fracturing fluid chemistries could be tailored to minimize its effect on production.
Thermo-Poro-Mechanical Analysis of the Effects of Low-Temperature CO2 Injection on Caprock Integrity
Authors: Soltanzadeh Hamidreza , Jafari Alireza
Published: November 2013

For any CO2 sequestration project, a competent caprock acts as the primary and immediate trapping mechanism that prevents the injected fluid to leak out of the reservoir. This paper reviews the results of a thermo-poro-mechanical model developed to study the effects of low-temperature CO2 injection on the caprock integrity for a hypothetical CO2 storage project. A detailed study was conducted to characterize the behaviour of the model and to identify the influence of interactions between fluid flow, heat transfer, and geomechanics in the model. The results show that pressure and temperature distributions in the model are dissimilar and, consequently, their effects on the geomechanical response of the model are significantly different. It was observed that the low temperature of CO2 has a dominant effect on the geomechanical response of the model. In general, a temperature decrease leads to severe reduction in the values of in-situ stresses and, consequently, it increases the potential of fracturing in the aquifer and the caprock. Nevertheless, this potential is smaller in the caprock than in the aquifer as a result of a lower temperature decrease in the caprock. This contrast is accentuated by the pore pressure drop caused by the temperature decrease in the low-permeability caprock with undrained flow behaviour. It is also shown that the behaviour of the model may be approximated by using analytical solutions. The paper also reviews the results of a series of analyses conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of tensile fracturing potential in the caprock to several different modeling parameters. These sensitivity analyses showed that the variation in some parameters such as Poisson’s ratio, heat capacity, thermal conductivity, relative permeability, and permeability of the underburden have modest effects on the value of effective stresses in the caprock, while variations in Young’s modulus and the thermal expansion coefficient can significantly influence these stresses and the potential for tensile fracturing in the caprock. Sensitivity analyses also show that injection of CO2 with a temperature closer to the temperature of the aquifer reduces the potential for tensile fracturing in the caprock and aquifer to a great extent. The potential of fracturing in the caprock is also highly reduced by injecting CO2 at greater depths within the aquifer and farther away from the caprock.
Principles of Vend- Cambrian Reservoir Prognosis (Based on Siniavskiy and North-Danilovskoe Fields)
Authors: Gaiduk A.. , Almendinger O..
Published: November 2013

Presently, JSC "NK" Rosneft " holds 13 license areas (License Blocks) in Eastern Siberia. From 2009 till 2012 thirteen exploration and appraisal wells had been drilled on six License Blocks in Irkutsk region, and only one of those wells showed considerable/commercial flow of oil. This is primarily related to low informative content of areal geophysical and geochemical data, due to complex geology, which includes surface traps and tuffs, sills, thick salt intervals and little difference in physical properties of reservoir and non-reservoir rock. Drilling wells within estimated major structural and tectonic traps bounded by faults, identified by 2D seismic and gravmag surveys, did not bring the desired result. Reservoir (subreservoir) drilled happened to have poor permeability and porosity parameters and the wells flowed poorly.
The Method of Treating Bottomhole Zone in Producing Wells With 2 Wellheads in the Ashalchi Natural Bitumen Field
Authors: Satdarov Rail
Published: November 2013

Abstract

The Ashalchi natural bitumen field is developed with application of SAGD method, which involves drilling two horizontal wells at a distance of 5 meters vertically between them: the upper well is for injection steam, and the lower well is for production.

The deposit is underlain by waters, which have a high concentration of calcium carbonate. Steam injection and intense production cause deposition of calcium carbonate in bottom hole of the well, and directly in a slot filter and operating components of ESPs. It results in the loss of production, which is connected with failure of the ESP.

"TatNIPIneft?? developed a special technology of treating wells with 8% inhibited hydrochloric acid for cleaning the bottom zone of the well and the slotted filter from calcium carbonate. Acid composition was matched with a concentration that did not occur in the processing of metal corrosion. This technology requires workovers and using coiled tubing technology. As the analysis shows, this method is very expensive. Besides, we have to stop well for 3 to 4 days and there is a loss of oil production.
Reason for Non-Simultaneous Placing in Operation of all Zones in Horizontal Well with Multi-Stage Fracturing
Authors: Shirobokov Anton
Published: November 2013

The number of zones during multi-stage hydraulic fracturing (MSHF) is increased. There have been cases of MSHF with 10 zones. Therefore, along with such important parameters as number of fractures, fracture length, fracture conductivity there is one more important parameter - the order of placing zones in operation in horizontal wells with MSHF. In this paper, the production of multi-stage hydraulic fracturing wells of one JSC Gazpromneft-NNG oilfield is analyzed and necessary calculations are made which allow to substantiate the placing zones in operation of MSHF well gradually from the bottom to the heel, with carrying out the refracturing the previous zone at the transition to next. Both the cumulative production in case of simultaneous and in case of gradually placing zones in operation is made, and the economic evaluation is carried out.
The Model for Calculating Elastic Modulus and Poisson's Ratio of Coal Body
Authors: Chi Ai , Yuwei Li
Published: November 2013

Coal body is a type of fractured rock mass in which lots of cleat fractures developed. Its mechanical properties
vary with the parametric variation of coal rock block, face cleat and butt cleat. Based on the linear elastic theory and
displacement equivalent principle and simplifying the face cleat and butt cleat as multi-bank penetrating and intermittent
cracks, the model was established to calculate the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of coal body combined with cleat.
By analyzing the model, it also obtained the influence of the parameter variation of coal rock block, face cleat and butt
cleat on the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of the coal body. Study results showed that the connectivity rate of butt
cleat and the distance between face cleats had a weak influence on elastic modulus of coal body. When the inclination of
face cleat was 90°, the elastic modulus of coal body reached the maximal value and it equaled to the elastic modulus of
coal rock block. When the inclination of face cleat was 0°, the elastic modulus of coal body was exclusively dependent on
the elastic modulus of coal rock block, the normal stiffness of face cleat and the distance between them. When the
distance between butt cleats or the connectivity rate of butt cleat was fixed, the Poisson's ratio of the coal body initially
increased and then decreased with increasing of the face cleat inclination.
Oncologic superiority of extralevator abdominoperineal excision for low rectal cancer
Authors: Lukic Dejan , Radovanovic Zoran , Petrovic Tomislav , Breberina Milan , Golubovic Andrija , Skoric-Jokic Svetlana
Published: November 2013

Background: Rectal cancer treatment has been dramatically improved during the
last two decades in terms of a lower local recurrence rate and prolonged
survival. This improvement was achieved mainly due to a better surgical
technique (implementation of a total mesorectal excision-TME) and neoadjuvant
chemo and radio therapy. A more radical approach to abdominoperineal
excision, extralevator abdominoperineal excision technique in the prone
Jackknife position, may improve the oncological outcome. The aim of this
study is to show our early experience by using extralevator abdominoperineal
excision. Methods: Extralevator abdominoperineal excision has been used
routinely at Oncology Institute of Vojvodina since 2011. In the last 23
months, we had 11 operations. Clinical and pathological data were obtained
from operative protocols, histopathological data and patients? medical
history. Results: An audit of results showed reduced rate of intra-operative
perforations and circumferential resection margin involvement. Late
postoperative complications have occurred in two patients, sexual dysfunction
in one and pelvic pain in the other. The follow up period is too short (min 2
months, max 23 months, median 8 months) for analysis of local recurrence.
Conclusion: Extralevator abdominoperineal excision, with the emphasis on the
perienal dissection and prone Jackknife position, may help achieve the goals
of radical resections for low rectal cancer. This technique could be
associated with less intra-operative perforations and circumferential
resection margin involvement.
Values of alkaline phosphathase and their isoenzyme profiles in patients with cancer in respect to bone and liver metastasis
Authors: Ðokic-Lisanin Marina , Pantovic Vesna , Jovanovic Zorica , Samardzic Goran , Jurisic Vladimir
Published: November 2013

Background: Alkaline phosphatase is a glycoprotein that catalyzes two kinds
of chemical reactions: hydrolysis of phosphorus ester breaking P-O bonds and
phospho-transfer reactions in which phosphoric group is transferred to an
acceptor molecule. In the human body, ALP exists in multiple molecular forms
whose heterogeneity is partly due to genetic factors and partly to
posttranslational modifications. The aim was to evaluate a total ALP activity
and its isoforms in cancer patients with bone and liver metastasis in
comparison to healthy controls. Methods: Human serum was collected from 20
healthy individuals, and 20 cancer patients with bone and liver metastases,
with metastases confirmed by ultrasound, computerized tomography and a
radiology scan. Determination of ALP was done by the endpoint
spectrophotometric method. Isoenzymes were determined by heat inactivation
method. Results: In cancer patients, the total ALP activity was significantly
higher (p< 0.05) compared to healthy controls. In the sera of cancer patients
with liver metastases, the remaining ALP activity was two-fold higher in
comparison to bone metastases. Conclusion: Determination of ALP isoenzymes is
important but a correct clinical interpretation in the context of other
analyses is vital for a proper diagnosis of a disease.
From history of proctology
Authors: Maksimovic Jovan , Maksimovic Marko
Published: November 2013

The authors of this paper presented the key moments in the development of
proctology, a medical discipline which is an integral part of surgery, whose
development path was inseparable from the historical development of
operational medicine. Even in the ancient Egypt, proctology was an important
branch of medicine. Out of eight of so far known medical papyri in the
history of proctology, the most important one is the Beatty`s (Chester
Beatty) papyrus from the 13th century BC, which is actually a short monograph
on diseases of the anus and their treatment. In the ancient period, operative
proctology reached the highest level in the time of Hippocrates. In detail,
and with special care, the operative procedures of the large intestine,
primarily perianal fistula and hemorrhoids were described in the Hippocratic
writings. One of the most famous Roman medical writers, Celsus (Cornelius
Celsus Asullus) described the surgery of hemorrhoids by their ligature and
the surgery of anorectal fistula in two ways: ligation of the fistula channel
by string of raw flax and fistula incision through the probe placed through
the fistula channel. Doctors of the 18th and the 19th century introduced into
practice some more complicated surgical procedures in the treatment of
anorectal diseases. The French surgeons were the leaders. In 1710, Littr?
performed, for the first time, anus praeter naturalis and Jacques Lisfranc
(1790-1847) pioneered the method of perineal resection of the rectum for
cancer. The first rectoscope was constructed in 1895 and in 1903 it was
introduced into practice by Kelly (Kelly Howard Atwood). A sudden progress in
the diagnosis and treatment of anorectal diseases occurred after the Second
World War and the trend has continued to this day.
Early Hardness and Shear Bond Strength of Dual-cure Resin Cement Light Cured Through Resin Overlays With Different Dentin-layer Thicknesses
Authors: Chang H-S , Kim J-W
Published: November 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether dentin-layer thickness of resin overlays could affect the early hardness and shear bond strength of dual-cure resin cement (DCRC, RelyX ARC) after light curing with light curing units (LCUs) of various power densities: Optilux 360 (360), Elipar Freelight 2 (FL2), and Elipar S10 (S10). Resin overlays were fabricated using an indirect composite resin (Sinfony) with a dentin layer, an enamel layer, and a translucent layer of 0.5 mm thickness each (0.5-0.5-0.5) or of 0.2 mm, 0.5 mm, and 0.8 mm thickness (0.2-0.5-0.8), respectively. The DCRC was light cured for 40 seconds through the overlays, and surface hardness and shear bond strength to bovine dentin were tested 10 minutes after the start of light curing. Surface hardness was higher when the DCRC was light cured through the 0.2-0.5-0.8 combination than when the DCRC was light cured through the 0.5-0.5-0.5 combination with all LCUs. The ratio of upper surface hardness of DCRC light cured through resin overlays relative to the upper surface hardness of DCRC light cured directly was more than 90% only when the DCRC was light cured with S10 through the 0.2-0.5-0.8 combination. The shear bond strength value was higher when the DCRC was light cured with S10 through the 0.2-0.5-0.8 combination than when light cured with S10 through the 0.5-0.5-0.5 combination. This study indicates that reducing the dentin-layer thickness while increasing the translucent-layer thickness of resin inlays can increase the photopolymerization of DCRC, thereby increasing the early bond strength of resin inlays to dentin.
Correction of misalignment introduced aberration in non-null test measurements of free-form surfaces
Authors: Baer G. , Schindler J. , Pruss C. , Osten W.
Published: November 2013

In interferometric testing of surfaces a major task is to avoid the introduction of aberrations due to misalignment of the surface under test. An automated method for the positioning of aspheric and free-form surfaces in a non-null test interferometer, as well as a method for the distinction between alignment introduced aberrations and surface errors is presented. A combination of both methods allows for a fully automated alignment with low requirements to the accuracy of the positioning stage. Further, the misalignment introduced uncertainties to the measurement are estimated. Simulation results as well as experimental results showing the feasibility of the method are presented.
Selling Yourself: The Commercialization of Feeling in the Work of Sophie Calle
Authors: Kemp Anna
Published: November 2013

This article argues that Sophie Calle's desire to become her own work of art exists in tension with the fear of becoming a mere product for consumption. Recognising this fear of commodification allows us to view Calle's work from a couple of new angles. Firstly, it tells a compelling story about contemporary emotional life, in particular, the emotional demands made of women. Drawing on sociological perspectives, this article will explore Calle's work in relation to a commercial culture that turns the traditionally ‘feminine’ emotional domain into a lucrative resource. Secondly, it allows us to see Calle's art-making as a form of defence against this injunction to ‘sell oneself’. In a consumer culture in which one's sense of a private self is pushed further and further into a corner, art appears as a refuge in which one's creative singularity may be preserved.
Littéralisation et lignée féministe: l'héritage du Scum Manifesto dans Les Mouflettes d'Atropos de Chloé Delaume
Authors: Ledoux-Beaugrand Evelyne
Published: November 2013

Récit d'une vengeance fantasmée, Les Mouflettes d'Atropos de Chloé Delaume se construit sur un réseau intertextuel vaste et éclectique où la référence au Scum Manifesto de la féministe radicale américaine Valerie Solanas joue cependant un rôle pivot. À la lumière de l'intertexte du Scum Manifesto dans Les Mouflettes d'Atropos, cet article se penche sur une filiation féministe paradoxale qui s'affirme, dans ce premier récit de Delaume, sous l'angle de la négativité. Il interroge plus spécifiquement les enjeux filiaux d'une appropriation intertextuelle littéralisante et duelle dans laquelle le rejet de l'héritage de Solanas passe par la reprise de la tactique scum promue par cette dernière, de sorte que la lignée s'instaure là où le lien filial se rompt.
Public Beliefs about Antibiotics, Infection and Resistance: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Norris Pauline , Chamberlain Kerry , Dew Kevin , Gabe Jonathan , Hodgetts Darrin , Madden Helen
Published: November 2013

We aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of public views and ways of talking about antibiotics. Four focus groups were held with members of the public. In addition, 39 households were recruited and interviews, diaries of medicine taking, diaries of any contact with medication were used to explore understanding and use of medication. Discussions related to antibiotics were identified and analyzed. Participants in this study were worried about adverse effects of antibiotics, particularly for recurrent infections. Some were concerned that antibiotics upset the body’s “balance”, and many used strategies to try to prevent and treat infections without antibiotics. They rarely used military metaphors about infection (e.g., describing bacteria as invading armies) but instead spoke of clearing infections. They had little understanding of the concept of antibiotic resistance but they thought that over-using antibiotics was unwise because it would reduce their future effectiveness. Previous studies tend to focus on problems such as lack of knowledge, or belief in the curative powers of antibiotics for viral illness, and neglect the concerns that people have about antibiotics, and the fact that many people try to avoid them. We suggest that these concerns about antibiotics form a resource for educating patients, for health promotion and social marketing strategies.
The Inverse Relationship between 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Cancer Survival: Discussion of Causation
Authors: Robsahm Trude , Schwartz Gary , Tretli Steinar
Published: November 2013

Cancer mortality rates vary inversely with geographic latitude and solar ultraviolet-B doses. This relationship may be due to an inhibitory role of vitamin D on cancer development. The relationship between vitamin D and cancer appears to be stronger for studies of cancer mortality than incidence. Because cancer mortality reflects both cancer incidence and survival, the difference may be due to effects of vitamin D on cancer survival. Here we review analytic epidemiologic studies investigating the relation between vitamin D, measured by circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), and cancer survival. A relationship between low 25-OHD levels and poor survival is shown by most of the reviewed studies. This relationship is likely to be causal when viewed in light of most criteria for assessing causality (temporality, strength, exposure-response, biological plausibility and consistency). A serum level of 25-OHD around 50 nmol/L appears to be a threshold level. Conversely, there are several mechanisms whereby cancer could lower serum levels of 25-OHD. The severity of disease at the time of diagnosis and time of serum sampling are key factors to clarify the temporal aspect of these relationships. Evidence that vitamin D supplementation could retard the disease process or prolong survival time would be key evidence, but is difficult to generate. However, recent clinical trial results in prostate cancer support a role for vitamin D in this regard.
Psychosocial Job Strain and Sleep Quality Interaction Leading to Insufficient Recovery
Authors: Rydstedt Leif , Devereux Jason
Published: November 2013

The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of job strain and sleep quality on the diurnal pattern of cortisol reactivity, measured by awakening and evening (10 PM) saliva cortisol. The sample consisted of 76 British white-collar workers (24 women, 52 men; mean age 45.8 years). Sleep quality and job strain were assessed in a survey distributed just before the cortisol sampling. Both input variables were dichotomized about the median and factorial ANOVA was used for the statistical analysis. Low sleep quality was significantly associated with lower morning cortisol secretion. While job strain had no main effects on the cortisol reactivity there was a significant interaction effect between the input variables on morning cortisol secretion. These findings tentatively support the hypothesis that lack of sleep for workers with high job strain may result in a flattened diurnal cortisol reactivity.
Hepatic Adverse Effects of Fructose Consumption Independent of Overweight/Obesity
Authors: Schultz Alini , Neil Debora , Aguila Marcia , Mandarim-de-Lacerda Carlos
Published: November 2013

The chronic intake of fructose has been linked to insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which in turn, may progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We aimed to evaluate the magnitude of the effects of the chronic consumption of high-fructose (HFr) and high fat (HF) alone or combined. Four groups of male mice were fed different diets for 16 weeks: standard chow (9% fat: SC), HF diet (42% fat), HFr diet (34% fructose) and HF/HFr diet (42% fat, 34% fructose). The food intake was not different among the groups, and the body mass was not greater in the HFr group than in the SC group. The homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), as well as plasmatic total cholesterol and triglycerides were greater in the groups HF, HFr, and HF/HFr group than in the SC group. We observed in the groups HF, HFr and HF/HFr, compared to the group SC, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with a predominance of lipogenesis mediated by SREBP-1c and PPAR-γ, and a reduction of the oxidation mediated by PPAR-α. We also observed an increase in gluconeogenesis mediated by the GLUT-2 and the PEPCK. Importantly, we identified areas of necroinflammation indicating a transition from NAFLD to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in the HFr and HF/HFr groups. This study is relevant in demonstrating that fructose consumption, even in the absence of obesity, causes serious and deleterious changes in the liver with the presence of the dyslipidemia, insulin resistance (IR), and NAFLD with areas of necroinflammation. These conditions are associated with a poor prognosis.
The Anti-Fasciolasis Properties of Silver Nanoparticles Produced by Trichoderma harzianum and Their Improvement of the Anti-Fasciolasis Drug Triclabendazole
Authors: Gherbawy Youssuf , Shalaby Ismail , El-sadek Mahmoud , Elhariry Hesham , Banaja AbdelElah
Published: November 2013

Recently, new strains of Fasciola demonstrated drug resistance, which increased the need for new drugs or improvement of the present drugs. Nanotechnology is expected to open some new opportunities to fight and prevent diseases using an atomic scale tailoring of materials. The ability to uncover the structure and function of biosystems at the nanoscale, stimulates research leading to improvement in biology, biotechnology, medicine and healthcare. The size of nanomaterials is similar to that of most biological molecules and structures; therefore, nanomaterials can be useful for both in vivo and in vitro biomedical research and applications. Therefore, this work aimed to isolate fungal strains from Taif soil samples, which have the ability to synthesize silver nanoparticles. The fungus Trichoderma harzianum, when challenged with silver nitrate solution, accumulated silver nanoparticles (AgNBs) on the surface of its cell wall in 72 h. These nanoparticles, dislodged by ultrasonication, showed an absorption peak at 420 nm in a UV-visible spectrum, corresponding to the plasmon resonance of silver nanoparticles. The transmission electron micrographs of dislodged nanoparticles in aqueous solution showed the production of reasonably monodisperse silver nanoparticles (average particle size: 4.66 nm) by the fungus. The percentage of non hatching eggs treated with the Triclabendazole drug was 69.67%, while this percentage increased to 89.67% in combination with drug and AgNPs.
Differentiated Epithelial- and Mesenchymal-Like Phenotypes in Subcutaneous Mouse Xenografts Using Diffusion Weighted-Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Chen Ya-Wen , Pan Huay-Ben , Tseng Hui-Hwa , Chu Hsiao-Chien , Hung Yu-Ting , Yen Yi-Chen , Chou Chen-Pin
Published: November 2013

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is important for tumor metastasis. Detection of EMT protein expression and observation of morphological changes are commonly used to identify EMT. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) and measuring apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values are noninvasive techniques for characterizing tumor microenvironments. We investigated the difference in ADC values between epithelial- and mesenchymal-like subcutaneous mouse xenografted tumors using DW-MRI. Epithelial-like MM189 PB-Klf4 and BL322 PB-Klf4 cells were generated from tumor suppressive Kruppel-like factor 4 (Klf4)-expressing mesenchymal-like MM189 and BL322 cells. The ADC values of xenografted tumors from epithelial-like MM189 PB-Klf4 and BL322 PB-Klf4 were significantly lower than those from their mesenchymal-like counterparts (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Our results suggested that DW-MRI is a potential tool for observing mesenchymal- or epithelial-like characteristics of subcutaneous xenografted tumors.
Digital Signal Processing by Virtual Instrumentation of a MEMS Magnetic Field Sensor for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Juárez-Aguirre Raúl , Domínguez-Nicolás Saúl , Manjarrez Elías , Tapia Jesús , Figueras Eduard , Vázquez-Leal Héctor , Aguilera-Cortés Luz , Herrera-May Agustín
Published: November 2013

We present a signal processing system with virtual instrumentation of a MEMS sensor to detect magnetic flux density for biomedical applications. This system consists of a magnetic field sensor, electronic components implemented on a printed circuit board (PCB), a data acquisition (DAQ) card, and a virtual instrument. It allows the development of a semi-portable prototype with the capacity to filter small electromagnetic interference signals through digital signal processing. The virtual instrument includes an algorithm to implement different configurations of infinite impulse response (IIR) filters. The PCB contains a precision instrumentation amplifier, a demodulator, a low-pass filter (LPF) and a buffer with operational amplifier. The proposed prototype is used for real-time non-invasive monitoring of magnetic flux density in the thoracic cage of rats. The response of the rat respiratory magnetogram displays a similar behavior as the rat electromyogram (EMG).
Tournant positif ou «grève des ventres»? [Formes de résistance au modèle de l’«homme gagne-pain» et à la restructuration de l’État-providence]
Authors: Hobson Barbara , Oláh Livia
Published: November 2013

Dans cet article, les auteures s’efforcent de démêler les diverses strates de corrélation entre la participation des femmes au marché du travail et la fécondité, et d’analyser l’impact des politiques sociales destinées à concilier l’emploi et la maternité. Barbara Hobson et Livia Oláh évoquent certains des débats actuels dans la recherche sur l’État-providence et dans les études démographiques portant sur le « tournant positif » de la fécondité et l’emploi des femmes. En concentrant leur étude sur le cas de douze pays européens, elles étudient les mécanismes à travers lesquels un modèle spécifique d’État-providence influence les comportements de fécondité. Durant les années quatre-vingt-dix, le modèle du « ménage à deux revenus » est promu comme la norme par les institutions internationales comme l’OCDE, mais les politiques soutenant ce modèle varient d’un pays à l’autre. Les auteures discernent une corrélation désormais positive entre, d’une part, un haut niveau de politiques de conciliation et de promotion de l’égalité des sexes et, d’autre part, la fécondité.
À qui confier mon bébé? [Pratique et développement de l’accueil des enfants d’âge préscolaire en Espagne]
Authors: González Maria-José , Vidal Sergi
Published: November 2013

En Espagne, depuis le début des années quatre-vingt-dix, les modes d’accueil non parentaux des enfants âgés de 0 à 3 ans n’ont cessé de se développer. La prise en charge de cette tranche d’âge s’est accrue, passant de 4 % en 1992 à 13,5 % en 2004. Malgré cette tendance positive, l’offre d’accueil des très jeunes enfants est l’une des plus faibles des pays de l’Europe occidentale. Cette situation est particulièrement négative dans un pays qui a pour objectif affiché d’encourager l’emploi des femmes (45 % en 2004) et de promouvoir la conciliation entre les responsabilités familiales et l’emploi rémunéré. Cette faiblesse de l’offre a souvent été attribuée à l’existence, en Espagne, de fortes structures familiales et à l’obligation morale, profondément ancrée, de privilégier la garde familiale. Ainsi, indirectement, l’État a été empêché d’intervenir dans l’ordre familial privé. Dans cet article, cette explication culturelle est remise en cause par une analyse de l’utilisation et du développement des services pour les jeunes enfants. Le développement des modes d’accueil est principalement lié, au niveau individuel, aux contraintes matérielles des femmes et, au niveau collectif, aux caractéristiques des municipalités.
Les déterminants socio-économiques de l’utilisation des congés parentaux par les pères [Une analyse comparative entre la France et la Suède]
Authors: Anxo Dominique , Delander Lennart , Mansson Jonas
Published: November 2013

The socio-economic determinants of the use of parental leave by fathers. A comparative analysis of France and Sweden.

The primary objective of this paper is to analyse the socio-economic determinants of parental leave in France and Sweden. The study highlights extensive national disparities in the impact of socioeconomic and institutional environments for the use of parental leave. In France, the modest sum of the fixed-rate compensation applied and the weak guarantee of return to employee constitute a major obstacle to fathers applying parental leave and very strongly influence the process for selection of fathers in the system. The conditions for implementing full-time parental education benefits create extensive threshold effects which result in over-representation of «vulnerable » fathers in terms of their situation on the labour market and of their low levels of qualification and salaries. In Sweden, however, the comprehensive guarantee of return to work, combined with a particularly generous compensation income rate ensure that the process of selection of fathers in the system is far less discriminating. A stable employment situation and a high level of training in parents foster greater participation of fathers in parental leave. The Swedish example still indicates that flexibility and the degree of generation of the parental leave systems remain decisive, as the favourable conditions are insufficient to create a more balanced distribution of parental leave within the family.
La disponibilité des pères : conduite par les contraintes de travail des mères ?
Authors: Boyer Danielle , Nicolas Muriel
Published: November 2013

Pour mettre au jour les facteurs qui s’associent à une plus grande implication des pères, cet article s’intéresse aux pères « investis » , ceux dont le temps de présence seule auprès des enfants est supérieur au temps de présence médian (trente-quatre minutes par jour). L’analyse descriptive et économétrique montre que, au sein des couples biactifs, parents d’enfants âgés de moins de 3 ans, les facteurs les plus déterminants de l’investissement paternel relèvent des caractéristiques des conjointes. En particulier, le fait que les mères seulement soient soumises à des horaires atypiques augmente significativement la probabilité que leurs conjoints soient « investis » .
Adjetivos iconográficos en el arte mexica
Authors: Alcina Franch José
Published: November 2013

RESUMEN- Considerando que el arte azteca o mexica es un «lenguaje» en sentido literal, es decir, que contiene nombres, adjetivos, metáforas, etc., en el presente artículo se señalan veinte iconos que se utilizan ordinariamente en los relieves y esculturas aztecas con el carácter de adjetivos. En cada caso se exponen brevemente las razones por las que el autor los considera como tales adjetivos según su interpretación metafórica.
El chacmool mexica
Authors: López Austin Alfredo , López Luján Leonardo
Published: November 2013

RESUME- Très discutée, l'image mésoaméricaine du chacmool a suscité de nombreuses études inconciliables. Certains ont proposé des interprétations générales. On propose ici, au contraire, que les fonctions du chacmool, en tant qu'objet rituel, ont permis des représentations diverses selon l'époque, la localisation, les traditions culturelles et l'analyse porte spécifiquement sur ses traits dans le contexte mexica.
Supletivismo según la persona del receptor en el verbo 'dar' de algunas lenguas otomangues
Authors: Smith Stark Thomas C.
Published: November 2013

RESUMEN- En este trabajo se identifican tres lenguas otomangues (zapoteco, mixteco y mazahua) que tienen temas supletivos para el verbo 'dar' según la persona del receptor, y para el verbo 'decir' según la persona del interlocutor. De esta manera, se documenta en América la presencia de un fenómeno ya identificado por Bernard Comrie en lenguas de Oceania, Asia, África y el Cáucaso.
Ocelocoatl, de l'art secret de communiquer avec les dieux
Authors: Contel José
Published: November 2013

RÉSUMÉ- Ocelocoatl, « Serpent-Jaguar », titre donné au quacuilli, le vieux prêtre de Tlalloc, est un mot nahuatl au symbolisme complexe. D'une part, il est la métaphore de la bourse à yauhtli (oceloyataztli) et de l'encensoir (coatlemaitl) portés par les prêtres dans les cérémonies rituelles célébrées en l'honneur des divinités de la pluie. D'autre part, il l'est aussi du poinçon ( Ce-Ocelotl) qui faisait jaillir le sang des veines (coacueyeque) des pénitents ou des sacrifiés. L'offrande de sang, qui visait bien sûr à obtenir la pluie, était aussi un acte de « reconnaissance » des hommes envers Tlalloc.
El texto castellano del Códice florentino: traducción, paráfrasis o interpolación
Authors: Máynez Vidal Pilar
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT- This article explains summarily the relation between the castilian text of the Codex florentin and the náhuatl text, written in the first place. Both manuscripts are the fruit of a dialogue between fray Bernardino de Sahagún's voice and those of his indian informers.
Fray Alonso de Molina, lexicógrafo e indigenista
Authors: Hernández de León-Portilla Ascensión
Published: November 2013

RÉSUMÉ- Essai sur la signification du Vocabulario de Fray Alonso de Molina (1555) comme point de rencontre de la linguistique et de l'anthropologie. Aptitude du franciscain à la fabrication de néologismes, dérivée non seulement d'un sentiment puriste du langage mais aussi de sa position indigéniste, développée par l'Ordre séraphique en Nouvelle-Espagne.
La « embaxada por los indios » del cacique zapoteca Patricio Antonio López
Authors: Mariscal Hay Beatriz
Published: November 2013

RESUMEN- En este trabajo se analizan comparativamente algunos de los elementos de la historia del pueblo zapoteco que aparecen en dos relatos históricos : la Historia Geográfica — descripción de la parte septentrional del Polo Ártico de la América del dominico Francisco de Burgoa (1674) y el Mercurio Yndiano (1740-1754) del cacique zapoteca Patricio Antonio López, intérprete del Real y Apostólico Tribunal de Cruzada y del Superior Gobierno, quien con su poema histórico pretende obtener del recién llegado Virrey de la Nueva España, Pedro Castro de Figueroa, un trato justo para sus compatriotas que se encuentran desvalidos en los negocios en que padecen algún agravio, además de poner a buena luz el pasado glorioso del pueblo zapoteco que ha sido desvirtuado hasta el punto de que a sus compatriotas se les tacha de irracionales, rudos, bárbaros, pusilánimes, cobardes y serviles.
De l'usage de l'ololiuhqui dans le Mexique colonial
Authors: Marey-Thibon Placer
Published: November 2013

RESUMEN- El ololiuhqui es una planta muy común en las prácticas cotidianas del Mexico colonial donde se utiliza en medicina y adivinación, como lo manifiestan los testimonios de Ruiz de Alarcón y de las minutas de la Inquisición.
Images de déesses ou prostituées ? Les ahuianime de l'ancien Mexique central
Authors: Olivier Guilhem
Published: November 2013

RESUMEN- Desprestigiadas pero también consideradas como un «mal necesario», las ahuianime del México antiguo son descritas por los cronistas españoles y los informantes indígenas de manera ambigua. Algunas de ellas estaban integradas a la sociedad mexica a través de ritos públicos, mientras que otras se dedicaban probablemente a una prostitución individual deshonrada. Comparadas con «víctimas de sacrificio», en parte por su destino considerado como funesto, las ahuianime podían efectivamente ser ejecutadas ritualmente como «imágenes» de diosas como Xochiquétzal, su diosa patrona. En los mitos, la encontramos de manera significativa al origen de la caída de las eras o Soles, en Tamoanchan y en Tollan. El hecho de que Motecuhzoma atribuyera la culpa de la conquista española a cuatrocientas prostitutas forma parte de una visión indígena cíclica de la historia, cuyas eras se acaban y alternan según transgresiones con extraordinarias consecuencias.
La découverte des Américains
Authors: Todorov Tzvetan
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT- Unlike the discovery of lands, that of men is a complex process, as shown by the narratives of Columbus, Mártir and Vespucci : it's necessary to cast away things refering to mistaken interpretations of the native speech and to the proyection of previous desires and readings about discoveries, to bring out sure but meagre observations. Pane and Vespucci convey useful elements before the important path represented by the evangelists. In spite of the first narratives' idealisation (religion and morals rather than material goods), the will to dominate appears as the instigator. The myth of the golden age nevertheless imbues some scenes which seem to put in concrete form the dream about obtaining peace among humanity's different components.
El manuscrito jesuita mesiánico de Andrés de Oviedo dirigido a Francisco de Borja (1550)
Authors: Milhou Alain
Published: November 2013

RÉSUMÉ- De 1550 date un manuscrit anonyme d'inspiration joachimite adressé à François Borgia. Je l'ai publié dans une édition abrégée dans la revue italienne Florensia. Le texte se caractérise par son messianisme. Il est de toute évidence l'œuvre d'un jésuite, probablement Andrés de Oviedo.
La Cité des Césars de James Burgh : de l'utopie à la réalité
Authors: Sanchez Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT- The literary genre of the utopia, after Thomas More, was particularly stimulated by the discovery of America and the knowledge of its better structured societies, as well as by the mystery of its unexplored regions and by the legends which were related to them. An account of the first settlement, laws, forms of government and police of the Cessares... by James Burgh, is a remarquable exemple of this genre, connected besides with one of the richest and most tenacious legends of the south of the continent. On the other hand, because of his poor imagination, its author was particularly careful about gathering good information.
Entre el aquí y ahora y el después y más allá. Milenio, Nuevo mundo y Utopía
Authors: de Roux López Rodolfo
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT- The american New World has been, since the 1 6th century until today, the place were the components of the binomial millenium and utopia have confronted one another.
Antonio Núñez de Miranda, confesor de Sor Juana, y las mujeres
Authors: Méndez María Águeda
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT- Women in New Spain followed very strict rules of behaviour, and even more so the nuns who depended upon their confessors and their priests. Their way of acting was conducted and, still worst, their way of thinking too, depriving them of their physical and mental liberty. Flaunting their defence and their practice of chastity, the archbishop Águias y Seijas and the Jesuit Antonio Nunez considered women hateful and avoided their presence as much as possible. Several pieces of writing by father Núñez show his intolerance and his opinions about the nuns who confessed themselves to him ; only one, the best well known among them, Sor Juana, refused to accept his orders and broke away completely, claiming her liberty.