bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Positive psychology interventions during pregnancy: A systematic review
Authors: Ganesan Tharunnia M.S , Beevi Zuhrah , Gow Alan J. , Nee Ke Guek
Published: October 2024

Positive psychology interventions (PPI) have been applied in various population groups with the present systematic review focusing on the types and influence of PPI on the physical and psychological health of pregnant women. Studies that matched the selection criteria were identified on EBSCOhost, PsychINFO, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and four positive psychology journals. From the 2,528 records identified, finally eight studies were included in the review. PPI in this review were delivered utilising various positive psychology components such as hope, gratitude, and optimism based on existing theories for example, the strengths theory, broaden-and-build theory and hope theory. Most interventions were conducted from 14 gestational weeks onwards and were delivered via virtual platforms or mobile applications. As a result of this systematic review, it was identified that PPI for maternal well-being were aimed at improving: 1) physical health; labor pain, nausea and vomiting, 2) psychological health; stress, emotions, anxiety, depression and 3) subjective health; life satisfaction and perceived social support. Most of the selected studies provided significant evidence towards improvement of well-being outcomes from administering PPI. For future studies, in-depth PPI integrated coping and support approaches should be further evidenced among diverse pregnant populations.
Variation matters: Expanding the scope of experimental archaeology
Authors: Liu Cheng
Published: October 2024

This paper aims to expand the scope of experimental archaeology to emphasize multi-level variation and interactions across the levels of perception, actions, and outcomes. Such an approach, loosely formulated as the Perception-Process-Product (“Triple P”) framework, offers a more grounded and richer explanation of the past archaeological record. It consists of three principles: 1) acknowledging the inherent trade-off between control and generalizability in the experimental research design; 2) encouraging collaborative projects that involve geographically diverse and non-traditional research participants such as hobbyists and novices; 3) adopting a workflow that normalizes the collection and curation of ethological and ethnographic data in experimental projects. Serving as a heuristic device, this alternative mode of knowledge production is highly flexible in nature, where each single component is detachable as dictated by individual research questions.
Global Evidence on Gender Gaps and Generative AI
Authors: Otis Nicholas G. , Cranney Katelyn , Delecourt Solene , Koning Rembrand
Published: October 2024

Generative AI has the potential to transform productivity and reduce inequality, but only if adopted broadly. In this paper, we show that recently identified gender gaps in generative AI use are nearly universal. Synthesizing data from 18 studies covering more than 140,000 individuals across the world, combined with estimates of the gender share of the hundreds of millions of users of popular generative AI platforms, we demonstrate that the gender gap in generative AI usage holds across nearly all regions, sectors, and occupations. Using newly collected data, we also document that this gap remains even when access to try this new technology is improved, highlighting the need for further research into the gap’s underlying causes. If this global disparity persists, it risks creating a self-reinforcing cycle: women’s underrepresentation in generative AI usage would lead to systems trained on data that inadequately sample women’s preferences and needs, ultimately widening existing gender disparities in technology adoption and economic opportunity.
Robust soliton crystals generated deterministically
Authors: Moss David
Published: October 2024

The deterministic generation of robust soliton comb has significant meaning for the optical frequency combs to be widely used in various applications. As a novel form of microcomb, Soliton crystal holds the advantages of easy generation, high conversion efficiency, and excellent thermal robustness. Here, we report the turnkey deterministic generation of ‘Palm-like’ soliton crystal with a free-running scheme. The robustness of the turnkey soliton crystal generation is also investigated in multiple aspects, including the success rate, the thermal robustness, and the long-term stability. The experiment results reveal our turnkey soliton crystal can achieve nearly a 100% success rate with a power variation less than ±1.5 dB over one hundred trials of two samples, is insensitive to thermal effects, and is robust to the environment during four-hour laboratory time.
From Form to Meaning: The Effects of Chinese Characters’ Iconicity on Children’s Perceptual and Semantic Processing across 3.5 to 6.5 Years
Authors: Jia Chenglong , Lin Qianqian , Yang Keyi , Gao Randi , Chen Jiayi , Ruan Sijia , Wang Jingmei , Qin Jinliang
Published: October 2024

While Pictographic characters are often used to support Chinese children’s character learning, little is known about how this facilitates their learning. This study examined the effects of Chinese character iconicity on perceptual similarity and semantic consistency judgments among Chinese children aged 3.5–6.5 (N = 126, 64 boys). Results showed that perceptual similarity was highest for Dongba scripts (DBSs), followed by oracle bone scripts (OBSs), and lowest for simplified Chinese characters (SCCs). Semantic consistency accuracy was highest for the DBSs. Meanwhile, younger children (under 58.57 months) showed similar accuracy with OBSs and SCCs, while older children performed better with SCCs. Semantic consistency speed was comparable across all character types for children under 55 months but faster for DBSs and SCCs in older children. These findings suggest that higher iconicity enhances perceptual similarity and facilitates semantic judgments, making SCCs easier to judge as children age. These results indicate that Chinese characters with high iconicity can scaffold young children’s character learning. Educators should introduce characters with varying levels of iconicity based on children’s ages, starting with highly iconic characters and gradually transitioning to less iconic ones.
Blinking indexes dynamic attending during and after music listening
Authors: Fissel Brannick Schea , LaCroix Arianna N
Published: October 2024

Music's rhythmic structure and emotional content influence how attention is allocated. Behavioral research paradigms indicate that listening to music enhances attentional abilities. In this study, we investigated whether music listening affects the temporal dynamics of attention using eye-tracking. Fifty-seven middle-aged and older adults listened to music characterized as happy or sad, or silence for 10 minutes before and after completing the Attention Network Test. Attention was indexed using blink probabilities. The probability of a blink fluctuated, non-linearly, during happy and sad music listening, but not during silence listening. Blink timing patterns differed across the happy and sad music listening groups. Happy music appeared to enhance participants' adaptability to unexpected task demands, while sad music seemed to limit this adaptation. Overall, we show that blinking captures shifts in attention and that music listening influences the coordination of attention across time within the context of the Attention Network Test. These results provide further evidence supporting music listening as a therapeutic tool for boosting attention, particularly in older adults who experience attentional decline.
From Awe to Z: A Taxonomy of Distinct Positive Emotions
Authors: Zickfeld Janis , Grüning David Joachim , Lange Jens
Published: October 2024

Positive emotions have important functions related to intra- and interindividual flourishing and well-being. At the turn of the century the interest in distinct positive emotions and their importance has skyrocketed due to the positive psychology movement. Since then, researchers have explored positive emotions beyond the category of happiness and research programs revolving around concepts such as awe or gratitude have been established. Navigating the field of positive emotions has become complicated though as many different taxonomies or conceptualizations of distinct positive emotions have been suggested. In the current project we review the theoretical and empirical literature on distinct positive emotions, investigating how many positive emotions can be distinguished, to what degree they overlap, and what higher order dimensions or categories can account for them. Focusing on 1,463 journal articles published across the last two decades, we identified 13,827 instances theorizing, mentioning, or measuring positive emotions and 170 different concepts employed. Narrowing down this list, 63 experts in emotion research rated the 48 most frequently investigated concepts regarding their conceptual similarity. Based on these results, we propose an integrative taxonomy of 28 positive emotions, forming six different superordinate categories or families that are based on the two dimensions of arousal and sociality. We identify challenges associated with research on positive emotions and provide suggestions on how to move the field forward from a theoretical and methodological perspective.
The irruption theory: How mind and matter meet along the route to consciousness
Authors: Froese Tom , Koroma Matthieu
Published: October 2024

In this interview, Tom Froese and Matthieu Koroma address the irruption theory, an account of how mental actions manifest themselves as unexplained variability in brain and bodily activity. We discuss how this approach can be applied to trace back consciousness in (neuro)physiological signatures such as scale free activity and informational complexity. We highlight the study of altered states of consciousness as an opportunity to disentangle the physiological correlates of consciousness from agency. We conclude by addressing how irruption theory provides insights into the therapeutic effects of psychedelics and the importance of crafting an appropriate context to consciously shape agency and behavior.
Modified Nursery Structures: An Approach to Grow Rice Seedlings in Winter for Early Spring Planting
Authors: Dulal Puspa Raj , Marahatta Santosh , Sah Shrawan Kumar , Amgain Lal Prasad
Published: October 2024

Raising rice seedlings in cold winter months for subsequent early spring transplanting has a great challenge in rice-rice cropping system in Nepal. An essential technological intervention involves modifying the rice nursery structure to create an optimal environment that supports proper germination and seedling growth during the cold season. Hence, a field experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of different nursery structures on the germination and growth of rice seedlings in the farmer’s field at Sunwal-12, Bhumahi, Nawalparasi West, from 21st of January- 19th of February, 2021, 2021. The experiment was executed in randomized complete block (RCB) design with 8 different raised bed (1m × 1m) structures as treatments, namely T1: open uncovered beds, T2: plastic tunnel covered beds, T3: mat bed under plastic tunnel, T4: plastic trayunder plastic tunnel, T5: Plastic tray under open condition, T6: Open bed with removal of dew, T7: Ash covered beds and T8: Plastic sheet covered beds. Each treatment was repeated three times. The spring rice variety Chaite-5 was sown at the rate of 60 g m-2, with dry seeds being evenly distributed in rows spaced 10 cm apart. The beds were fertilized at the rate of 1 kg N, 0.8 kg P2O5 and 0.8 kg K2O 100 m-2. Soil temperatures at a depth of 5 cm were monitored regularly at two time points each day, specifically at 8 am and 4 pm, until 30 days after sowing (DAS). The results revealed that the germination index, average height, and above ground weight were significantly higher (40.57, 9.81 cm and 78.67 gm-2, respectively) for the beds under tunnel (T2). Seedlings grown in trays under tunnel exhibited statistically similar plant heights. The highest seedling population m-2 (288% more compared to open beds) was obtained in trays (both open and under tunnel). Trays and mat beds under tunnel recorded higher soil temperature in the morning and evening, as well as higher air temperatures and relative humidity. These favorable conditions were met approximately 16-17 days earlier compared to the uncovered beds. Therefore, the practice of covering seedling beds with plastic tunnels, growing rice seedlings in plastic trays and utilizing mat beds were the better ways for raising rice seedlings in cold environments for early spring transplanting.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v7i1.62269
The Myth of the Decline Effect in Psi Research: The Empirical Evidence
Authors: Tressoldi Patrizio E , Storm Lance
Published: October 2024

The decline effect (DE) has been discussed in “psi” research since the early times of experimental investigations, and many causes have been advanced from: individual psychology, social attitudes, electromagnetic fields, experimental artifacts, or physical properties often related to quantum physics. Bierman (2001) found small and statistically significant decline slopes in all experimental protocols, but the mind-matter interaction with random number generators, where he found a positive quadratic polynomial slope. This study aimed to update Bierman’s results, taking into account all studies completed up to 2023 and analyzed in different meta-analyses. Five experimental protocols were analyzed: including anomalous perception in a Ganzfeld condition, remote viewing, forced-choice design in extra-sensory perception, predictive physiological anticipation, and dream extra-sensory perception studies. The results showed that only one slope coefficient out of the five examined was statistically significant, indicating that there was no evidence of a general DE across the different experimental protocols.
Особенности структуры лесного покрова на примере полигона интенсивного уровня «КИВАЧ» (Республика Карелия)
Authors:   Forest Research Institute of KarRC RAS, Moshnikov S.A. , Romashkin I.V. , Pekkoev A.N.
Published: October 2024

В статье приведены результаты анализа лесотаксационных данных (древостой, подрост, подлесок и крупные древесные остатки) рекогносцировочного этапа исследования (экспресс-оценки) на полигоне интенсивного уровня первого типа «Кивач» (Республика Карелия), заложенного в рамках развития мониторинговой сети по учёту бюджета углерода в лесных сообществах на территории Российской Федерации. Установлено, что среди лесов полигона доминируют перестойные хвойные насаждения (71% сосновые и 16% еловые). Преобладает черничный тип леса (76% среди сосняков и 38% среди ельников). Леса характеризуются как среднепродуктивные: средний класс бонитета сосновых древостоев составляет II.7, еловых и березовых – III.0. В составе подроста по встречаемости доминирует ель, средняя густота которой в зависимости от типа леса варьирует от 0.14 до 1.70 тыс. шт. га-1. Подрост сосны наиболее представлен в сосняках брусничных и черничных. Ярус подлеска образован типичными для хвойных насаждений таежной зоны видами – рябиной обыкновенной, ольхой серой, ивой козьей, можжевельником обыкновенным, шиповником иглистым. Количество крупных древесных остатков в обследованных насаждениях варьирует в широких пределах, а их распределение по запасам, типу (сухостой, валеж, пни) и видовой принадлежности зависит от преобладающей в древостое породы и лесорастительных условий. Несмотря на особенности, такие как старовозрастность и малонарушенность, леса полигона «Кивач» в значительной мере отражают породное и типологическое разнообразие насаждений среднетаежной подзоны.
The role of social intelligence in management
Authors: Butenko V. , Butenko M.
Published: October 2024

Are considers to the study of the role of social intelligence in management as one of the ways to increase the efficiency of both individual employees and the organizational structure as a whole in the article. Modern dynamic changes in the business environment require organizational flexibility, speed of decision-making, development of management that is adaptive and constantly improving. Management emphasizes the "soft" skills of leadership, change management, and employee motivation, which are part of social intelligence. The ability to establish constructive relationships with a wide range of people today depends on the effectiveness of labor and social activities. Therefore, social intelligence take on the meaning of a professionally important quality for any person and organization. It was determined that the presence of social intelligence in managers and employees contributes to increasing the efficiency of the enterprise management system and the success of the professional activities of employees. This increases the efficiency of the organization. Social intelligence, builds an effective management system and includes: effective communication, leadership qualities, understanding emotions, team building, strategic management of relationships in the organization. Social intelligence is an essential skill for personal and professional success. Intelligence, competence, technical knowledge, sensitivity, nous and strong communication skills are essential ingredients in a competitive job market. Possession of social intelligence helps to achieve success in the chosen professional field. To social intelligence, which positively affects the professional success of an employee, we include: internal and external communication, cooperation with other employees, conflict management, the ability to quickly make effective decisions, the formation and management of relationships at the workplace, communication with clients, and others. Thus, the social intelligence of managers and employees contributes to the successful operation of the firm.
Media influence on mass perception and psychological state of citiz
Authors: Zelenin V. , Chopyk L. , Doskach S.
Published: October 2024

Nowadays, the rapid development of technology has contributed to the rapid spread of social media among citizens of different countries. This has fundamentally changed the way people interact and communicate with each other, and how they receive information. At the same time, people's trust in and use of different media can affect their emotional and psychological state. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the impact of media on mass perception and the psychological state of citizens. Given the enormous impact that media has on society, it is crucial to understand the psychosocial mechanisms by which symbolic communication affects human thinking, perception, and behavior. The article determines that traditional media (Internet resources, social networks, television, newspapers and magazines, etc.) have become an important channel for receiving information. The results demonstrate the impact of news content on the moods and opinions of the national audience. That is why modern society draws all new trends, fashions and whims from the media. It has been established that the media have a significant impact on the behavior of people in society. In addition to the positive impacts on business, politics and society, there are some negative ones, such as cyberbullying, privacy issues and fake news. Mass media are used for social intervention to disseminate information and change social behavior. This is the prosocial effect of media. There is a clear link between watching violent videos in the media and the upward trend in violence. We observe aggression among friends, relatives and other people makes the viewer more prone to aggressive behavior People who watch a lot of TV tend to overestimate the amount of violence and crime that occurs in the world. Thus, it has been established that the media has a very large impact on changing the current and socio-psychological part of society. This change causes a movement that can be detected and directed in a positive or negative direction.
The Essence of the Concept «Bioethical Views of Future Veterinary Students»
Authors: Marusiak V.
Published: October 2024

The article analyzes the key concepts of the study, including «bioethics», «bioethical principles», «bioethical rules», and «bioethical views of future veterinary students». Despite the fact that the concept of «bioethics» was introduced into scientific discourse as early as 1971, it is still insufficiently covered in domestic scientific literature. The analysis and interpretation of this concept allow it to be defined as a science that studies the moral foundations of human coexistence with all living beings, including animals. The study identifies the main bioethical principles in the context of the researched problem, such as: life as the highest value; love and care for all forms of life; justice; autonomy; responsibility towards nature; and humane treatment of animals. The article highlights the basic rules that a bioethical personality should follow (according to G. Hubenko), namely: 1) I recognize the need for urgent action in a world that is in crisis; 2) I accept the fact that the future survival and development of humanity largely depend on today's plans and actions; 3) I acknowledge the uniqueness of each individual; 4) I accept the inevitability of some human suffering; 5) I affirm my reverence for life. The analysis and generalization of the research results make it possible to define the concept of «Bioethical views of future veterinary students» as a system of knowledge about bioethical principles, rules, and values formed in students during their professional training, which expresses their attitude towards all living beings and will be implemented in future practice to resolve ethical dilemmas related to animal life and health.
Fórmulas metódicas empleadas en la producción de artículos científicos en Ciencias de la Educación
Authors: Mora Rosales José Clemente , Becerra García Eulalia Beatriz
Published: October 2024

Resumen: Introducción: Se busca analizar la metodología empleada en la producción de artículos científicos en ciencias de la educación en Iberoamérica, desde una mirada cualitativa y cuantitativa. Metodología: Es interpretativa, de carácter descriptivo a partir del método de revisión sistemática sobre artículos procedentes de revistas indexadas en SCOPUS, incluyéndose aquellas que tuvieron desarrollo principalmente en el contexto iberoamericano en el intervalo de 10 años).  Se reflexionó sobre la investigación en Ciencias de la educación y su producción metódica cuantitativa y cualitativa, considerando encuentros y desencuentros, así como para considerar la exégesis y eiségeis para ejercer los enfoques Resultados: Se consultó de manera sistemática 20 artículos de naturaleza cuantitativa, cualitativa y mixta de diferentes países como: México, Ecuador, Argentina, Perú, Cuba, Chile e incluso India, con particular interés hispanoamericano. Discusión: La producción científica contemporánea se centra principalmente en la ejecución de estudios cuantitativos, destacando a nivel de la región países como Brasil y México con mayor cantidad de publicaciones, proceso que amerita una revisión exhaustiva. Conclusiones: Se halló como metodología predominante la cuantitativa. Las tendencias hacia el camino cuantitativo conducen a repensarse el abordaje de los estudios en Ciencias de la Educación dentro de los senderos cualitativos.
Extracranial-intracranial bypass using a cephalic vein graft for iatrogenic internal carotid artery injury during functional endoscopic sinus surgery: illustrative case
Authors: Wehbi Nader , Rahmani Redi , Benet Arnau , Kim Jennifer E , Scherschinski Lea , Catapano Joshua S , Anthony Austin W , Jadhav Ashutosh P , Ducruet Andrew F , Albuquerque Felipe C , Little Andrew S , Santarelli Griffin D , Stevens Shawn M , Jategaonkar Ameya A , Lawton Michael T
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Injury to the internal carotid artery (ICA) during functional endoscopic sinus surgery is a rare but potentially fatal complication. Although treatment algorithms have been developed, guidelines for effectively managing iatrogenic ICA injury have not been established. A case of ICA perforation during functional endoscopic sinus surgery treated with cerebral bypass utilizing a cephalic vein graft is presented.

OBSERVATIONS

A woman in her late 50s presented with a left cavernous ICA injury that had occurred during endoscopic nasal polypectomy at an outside hospital. Hemostasis was achieved with intranasal Foley catheter placement. Left common carotid artery angiography revealed a high-flow carotid-cavernous fistula. Cerebral revascularization was chosen as the optimal procedure. The initial intent was to use a radial artery graft, but the radial artery was found to be occluded intraoperatively. Postoperatively, the patient experienced decreased vision and left eye movement but was otherwise neurologically intact. Postoperative angiography showed complete resolution of the fistula.

LESSONS

In cases involving ICA injury and carotid-cavernous fistula formation, microsurgical trapping with high-flow bypass is a favorable treatment option. The cephalic vein is a viable graft option when unexpected challenges arise with a radial artery graft.

https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24222
Intrathecal baclofen obviating the need for bladder stimulator use in a patient with secondary dystonia: illustrative case
Authors: Wang Ryan K , Jane Horak Victoria , Abdelmageed Sunny , LoPresti Melissa A , Shahin Maryam N , Katholi Benjamin , Raskin Jeffrey S
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Children with cerebral palsy often have neurogenic bladders. Bladder function is further affected by complex medical management and multifactorial disease processes, leading to worsened function and poorer quality of life. Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) therapy has been used to treat hypertonia and spasticity, but implications in neurogenic bladder management have not been well described.

OBSERVATIONS

A 20-year-old female with a history of cerebral palsy and neurogenic bladder treated with sacral neuromodulation underwent ITB therapy and subsequently experienced improvement in bladder control, obviating the need for bladder stimulator use.

LESSONS

ITB improves hypertonia and can effectively obviate the need for neurostimulation to treat neurogenic bladder in patients with cerebral palsy. Further research is necessary to discern mechanisms.

https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24364
Minimally invasive management of a spinal arachnoid cyst with ultrasound-assisted catheter placement: illustrative case
Authors: DeGroot Andrew L , Treffy Randall W , Bakhaidar Mohamad , Palmer Peter , Rahman Mahmudur , Shabani Saman
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Spinal arachnoid cysts are cerebrospinal fluid–filled sacs that are frequently located within the thoracic spine and can lead to symptoms due to direct compression of the thoracic spinal cord. These lesions are typically treated with laminectomy and fenestration of the cyst, with or without shunting. However, with recurrence, treatment is often more complex and sometimes requires re-exposure and fenestration or shunting.

OBSERVATIONS

Here, the authors describe a 57-year-old female with a thoracic intradural arachnoid cyst that recurred despite extensive and initially successful fenestration. Given the failure of fenestration, the authors instead attempted to place a cystoperitoneal shunt. Given how extensive her laminectomy was, the authors elected to perform the procedure under ultrasonic guidance to avoid the large incision required for open shunt placement. The procedure was successful, with gradual improvement in the size of the arachnoid cyst as well as symptomatic improvement.

LESSONS

Here, the authors present a unique minimally invasive technique to treat recurrent spinal arachnoid cysts. They successfully demonstrated the feasibility and safety of this approach in shunting the cyst while avoiding the extensive re-exposure often required in such complex cases.

https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24461
Spinal subdural empyema in an immunocompetent patient: illustrative case
Authors: Thiruvengadam Shreyas , Khoo Boyuan , Saha Snigdha
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Spinal subdural empyemas are a rare presentation of rapid neurological decline, progressing from radiculopathy to complete paralysis and sensory loss. Although pathogenic mechanisms have been hypothesized, their occurrence in this population of patients remains unclear.

OBSERVATIONS

The authors present the third documented case of an isolated spinal subdural empyema of unclear etiology in an immunocompetent patient with no established risk factors.

LESSONS

Successful treatment requires prompt clinical suspicion, radiological diagnosis, and surgical evacuation along with empirical antibiotic treatment. Radiological clarification of the subdural versus the epidural location of the empyema is difficult, while intraoperative durotomy for exploration risks subdural dissemination. In these cases, intraoperative ultrasonography would be a useful adjunct and decision aid.

https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24464
Эволюция понятия «суверенитет» — есть ли место экономическому суверенитету в политической науке?
Authors: Соловьев Э.Г.
Published: October 2024

В статье рассмотрена эволюция понятий «суверенитет» и «экономический суверенитет» в политической науке, а также ключевые направления дискуссий о том, что представляет собой суверенитет в меняющемся мире. Отмечается, что, несмотря на все спорные вопросы, понятие «суверенитет» остается несущей конструкцией современной политики. Основные дискуссии по вопросам экономического суверенитета разворачиваются вокруг двух ключевых концептов — независимости и контроля. Для развивающихся стран независимость означает прежде всего возврат (или обретение) контроля над соб- ственными ресурсами. Экономически развитые страны, в свою очередь, поглощены проблемой контроля над процессами и ресурсами на глобальной арене. В политической науке понятие «экономический суверенитет» только набирает вес и в исследовательских кругах, и в практической политике. Большие дебаты по проблематике экономического суверенитета еще впереди.

The article examines the evolution of the concept of economic sovereignty and the key areas of discussion on the aspects of economic sovereignty in a changing world. It is argued that, despite all the disputed points, sovereignty remains the pillar of modern politics. The main discussions on the issue of economic sovereignty revolve around the two key concepts, i.e., that of independence and control. For developing countries, independence means, first of all, regaining control over their own resources. Developed countries are preoccupied with the problem of controlling economic (and technological) processes and resources in the global arena. The concept of economic sovereignty is gaining weight both in research community and in practical politics. The big debate on the issue of economic sovereignty is still ahead.
Моделирование перехода России от солидарной пенсионной системы к накопительной
Authors: Моисеев К.В.
Published: October 2024

В странах с растущим числом пожилых и сокращающейся рабочей силой, одной из которых является и Россия, становится невозможным поддерживать солидарную пенсионную систему, и возникает необходимость перейти к более устойчивой накопительной системе. В этой работе анализируются различные сценарии перехода России к такой системе. Это — первое исследование экономики России, в рамках которого строится OLG-модель для моделирования пенсионного перехода. Демонстрируется, что в долгосрочной перспективе переход к накопительной системе незначительно сокращает благосостояние пенсионеров. Однако на время перехода положение пенсионеров сильно ухудшается, в особенности при финансировании пенсий за счет налога на сбережения. Не менее важен и вывод о том, что переход накладывает тяжелое бремя на все поколе- ния, живущие во время проведения реформы. Они вынужденно потребляют меньше и сильно изменяют схемы накопления и при этом также часто начинают больше работать. Подобные выводы делаются относительно среднестатистических когорт населения, результаты могут не совпадать для разных групп индивидов внутри когорт. В зависимости от механизма реформы пенсионный переход может вызвать как экономический рост, так и экономический спад, а также соответствующий им рост заработных плат и потребления или — их сокращение.

In countries with a growing number of elderly and a shrinking workforce, one of which is Russia, it becomes impossible to maintain a solidary pension system and a need to switch to a more stable funded system appears. This paper analyzes various scenarios of Russia’s transition to such a system. This is the first study on the Russian economy in which an Overlapping Generations Model is used to simulate the pension transition. It is demonstrated that in the long term, the transition to a funded system slightly reduces the welfare of pensioners, and during the transition, the situation of pensioners deteriorates strongly. However, it is also important to emphasize that the transition imposes a heavy burden on all generations living during the reform, they are forced to consume less and greatly change their savings, while also often starting to work more. Such conclusions are made concerning average population cohorts, and the results may not be the same for different groups of individuals within these cohorts. In different scenarios, the pension system transition can cause both economic growth and economic recession, as well as a corresponding increase or decrease in wages and consumption.
Development concept of inter-satellite laser communication
Authors: Kartsan Igor’ N.
Published: October 2024

The relevance of this research work is dictated, among other things, by the need to ensure higher requirements for the accuracy characteristics of the navigation field created by spacecraft of the GLONASS navigation system in order to meet the high requirements for the accuracy characteristics of navigation determinations over long intervals of autonomous operation of spacecraft currently put forward by consumers. The presented concept of development uses the latest achievements of laser and radio engineering both to increase the throughput, noise immunity of transmitting information, as well as to reduce the mass and power consumption of onboard equipment, and to conduct inter-satellite range measurements and synchronization of onboard time scales of spacecraft navigation systems, including and for linking the system time scale of space navigation systems (or the group orbital time scale) to the time scale of the State standard of time and frequency. Ensuring the accurate operation of the laser guidance system in space is considered one of the critically important tasks, since its full-scale tests on Earth are almost impossible. Key experimental and also experimental works are analyzed according to the problems of constructing optical links of inter-satellite communication.
N-version programming for nanosatellite telemetry processing
Authors: Efremova Svetlana V.
Published: October 2024

Software is a key element that ensures the functioning of any modern complex technical system. One such system is the constellation of spacecraft and associated ground control complexes that provide reception, transmission, and processing of collected telemetry. The process of data acquisition and its subsequent processing is critical to the flight control of the spacecraft and its onboard scientific equipment. Furthermore, telemetry data processed by ground control systems involves large volumes of raw data, the processing of which is a complicated and time-consuming task. In order to solve this problem, various methods of automatic data processing are used. Improving them is a key factor in ensuring the fault tolerance of onboard software and hardware, improving its reliability.
Of all the existing widely-used methods of data processing, we shall focus on N-version programming (NVP) approach.
N-version programming has firmly established itself as an effective method for increasing software reliability and designing fault-tolerant systems. Since its inception in the 1970s, this approach has been deeply connected with the development of aerospace software systems, including, among others, satellite ground control stations. In light of the aforementioned, this paper discusses the application of NVP for processing telemetry data gathered from nanosatellites (CubeSats). Due to the fact that there exists a skeptical view on the NVP approach in terms of its efficiency, the author covers this issue in existing literature in terms of the approach’s applicability for processing satellite telemetry.
Formation of an approach to modeling orbital operations assembly of a reconfigurable spacecraft on geostationary orbit
Authors: Koroleva Yulia L. , Hohlov Anton I. , Nikolaev Dmitry A. , Borisova Natalia V. , Mathynenko Mikhail G.
Published: October 2024

The aim of the study is to form an approach to modeling the operations of the orbital assembly of a reconfigurable spacecraft (RS) in geostationary orbit. Reconfigurable spacecraft are a set of modular spacecraft (MS), where, in a particular case, one MS can be assigned the functions of the service systems module (MSS), and the second - the functions of the payload module (MPN). To ensure the assembly of the RC, or the replacement of some MC, for example, in case of its failure with a new one, it is necessary to provide a solution to the problem of bringing the MS with the RS.
The article analyzes and studies the operation of the motion control system of the MS during the convergence of the MS with the RS. A list of necessary mathematical models for performing operations in solving the problem of convergence of the MS with the RS is formed, and a block diagram of the interaction of mathematical models is presented. The paper presents a brief description of the mathematical apparatus that allows modeling the operations of convergence of the MS with the RS. This mathematical apparatus includes: a model of the orbital motion of the MS and the RS, models of the angular motion of the MS and the RS, sensitive elements and executive bodies.
In this paper, the mathematical modeling of the MS with the RS convergence operations is considered as the subject of research. The object of the study is the motion control system of the MS, which ensures the implementation of the approach of the RS in geostationary orbit.
Estimation of the possibility of matching the relative motion of nanosatellites under active aerodynamic control
Authors: Lukyanov Mikhail M. , Zuev Dmitrii M.
Published: October 2024

The article discusses the prospects of utilization of aerodynamic control to maintain the formation of nanosatellites of the CubeSat class. The purpose of this work is to estimate the limits of the application of active aerodynamic control to stabilize the relative motion of two CubeSat 3U satellites in a sun-synchronous orbit with a height of 570 km. A review of theoretical information about aerodynamic forces acting on artificial Earth satellites is carried out, within the framework of which models of the Earth's upper atmosphere are considered. Aspects of creating a differential drag force for nanosatellites as an active control actuating mechanism are considered. To study the orbital motion of satellites under the action of aerodynamic control using the General Mission Analysis Tool program, a group flight of two spacecraft was simulated taking into account the factors causing orbital disturbances. Based on the results of experiments, the dynamics of the inter-satellite distance was studied, and a conclusion was made about the possibility of using an aerodynamic differential force to achieve a stable relative motion.
Mathematical modeling of autocompensation devices
Authors: Katkova Vera P. , Vyakhirev Viktor A. , Krintal Andrey N.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the order of development and description of mathematical models of automatic compensation devices of all-round radar stations. The development of algorithms for spatial processing of signals in radar systems with phased antenna arrays is an important stage in the design of radar stations. This article will consider the procedure for creating mathematical models of automatic compensation devices that differ in implementation methods, namely: the number of compensation channels, the position of the main and compensation (additional) channels of the radar station (stationary or dynamic), the amplitude-phase distribution of the main and additional antennas, the representation phased antenna array, algorithms for finding the weight vector. The adequacy of the operation of the models was verified by the method of computational experiment and the results are comparable with the implemented automatic compensation devices in radar stations. The results of the computational experiment, presented in the form of graphs of the signal at the output of the automatic compensation device, as well as the passage of the matched filter, show how effective the algorithm for calculating the weight vector, allow you to visually, quickly and economically compare the efficiency of the automatic compensation devices, depending on the method of their implementation. The article discusses the algorithm for the direct formation of the weight vector and the algorithm for the formation of the weight vector through the inverse correlation whitening matrix. Mathematical models of automatic compensation devices and the results of a computational experiment can be used to train future specialists who develop and operate radar stations.
Prospects for the development of charger-discharge devices of spacecraft power supply systems
Authors: Krasnobaev Yuri V.
Published: October 2024

Power supply system (PSS) is designed to ensure uninterrupted autonomous power supply of on-board equipment in all modes and at all stages during the active life of spacecraft. Lots of PSS makes up a significant proportion of the mass spacecraft and improvement of specific energy characteristics PSS this leads to a synergistic effect when the mass and energy consumption resources available for the payload are simultaneously increased, which increases efficiency of spacecraft generally.
The article considers the evolution of structural and circuit solutions for PSS spacecraft, its energy-converting equipment and the effect of these changes on energy-mass characteristics PSS. It is shown that a significant effect on energy and mass characteristics PSS provide structural and circuit design solutions for charger and discharge devices of energy-converting equipment and the choice of voltage value accumulator batteries (AB).
The development of the element base, the creation of programmable digital devices capable of functioning under the influence of space factors and the emergence of new circuit design and management solutions for pulse converters that have occurred in the last decade opens up new opportunities for improvement of the PSS of spacecraft.
In the article as a charger and discharge device PSS reviewed pulse voltage converter (PVC) with a new modulation strategy, with the ability to reverse the flow of energy and the ability to work in a step-up mode with high efficiency. Its application as a single charger-discharge device (CDD) allows for a significant improvement in performance CDD and PSS in general, such as efficiency, energy mass, reliability and a number of others.
Ability PVC to reverse the flow of energy and the possibility of working in a step-up mode opens up the possibility to abandon the use of AB with a voltage lower than the voltage at the main output PSS and switch to using AB with an average discharge voltage close to the voltage at the main output PSS. Such a structural and circuit design solution CDD and AB will allow you to increase efficiency of CDD up to 99 % and additionally improve energy and mass characteristics PSS.
Mathematical modeling of the flat ingot casting process or solving automation problems
Authors: Novikov Viktor A. , Piskazhova Tatiana V. , Doncova Tatyana V. , Belolipetskii Viktor M.
Published: October 2024

Aluminum alloys are widely used in the production of aircraft due to their strength, lightness, corrosion resistance, and necessary electrical conductivity. At the same time, aluminum ingots used in further processing of the space industry must be of high quality. Technological problems and defects arise when temperature, speed, and other technological parameters of casting are not observed, or when modes change. At the same time, foundry processes are partially automated; the human factor significantly affects product quality and work safety. Therefore, automation of these complex processes using mathematical models to predict casting parameters is an urgent task.
The goal of the work is to create mathematical models available for use in automated process control systems (APCS), as well as for the development of a digital twin.
The work presents simplified formulas for modeling the temperature distribution of an aluminum ingot during the casting process, cooling the metal when moving along a metal path, and test calculations of the temperature distribution inside the ingot when the ingot reaches a fixed length.
The results of this work can be used to improve the efficiency and accuracy of controlling the process of casting aluminum ingots, to eliminate emergency situations.
Increasing the period of active use of on-board electronic equipment of spacecraft
Authors: Timofeev Alexander L. , Sultanov Albert Kh. , Meshkov Ivan K. , Gizatulin Azat R.
Published: October 2024

For electronic equipment of space systems, and primarily memory devices, the task of protection from the effects of ionizing cosmic radiation and other external factors that distort stored and processed information is relevant. This paper proposes a holographic coding method that allows you to restore information in the event of a large number of errors. The method is based on recording into memory, instead of the original digital hologram data, a virtual digital object corresponding to a data block. The divisibility property of a hologram is used, which makes it possible to reconstruct a recorded data block from its fragment. The achieved level of noise immunity is determined by the size of the hologram. For an 8-bit data block, recording a 256-bit hologram provides information recovery if 75 % of the recorded hologram is lost. The developed decoder corrects a package of dependent (grouping) errors that distort all bits of the hologram. The number of random independent errors that the decoder corrects can be up to 40 % of the recorded information. The information storage system, resistant to ionizing radiation, is a memory array of increased capacity, taking into account the selected redundancy factor, and a memory controller that performs holographic encoding when recording information and decoding with automatic error correction when reading information. The operating algorithm of the controller itself can be implemented in the form of a programmable logic integrated circuit, or stored in a read-only memory device that is not affected by ionizing radiation.