bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computational screening of FDA-approved drugs to identify potential TgDHFR, TgPRS, and TgCDPK1 proteins inhibitors against Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Gharibi Zahra , Shahbazi Behzad , Gouklani Hamed , Nassira Hoda , Rezaei Zahra , Ahmadi Khadijeh
Published: April 2023

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is one of the most successful parasites in the world, because about a third of the world's population is seropositive for toxoplasmosis. Treatment regimens for toxoplasmosis have remained unchanged for the past 20 years, and no new drugs have been introduced to the market recently. This study, performed molecular docking to identify interactions of FDA-approved drugs with essential residues in the active site of proteins of T. gondii Dihydrofolate Reductase (TgDHFR), Prolyl-tRNA Synthetase (TgPRS), and Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase 1 (TgCDPK1). Each protein was docked with 2100 FDA-approved drugs using AutoDock Vina. Also, the Pharmit software was used to generate pharmacophore models based on the TgDHFR complexed with TRC-2533, TgPRS in complex with halofuginone, and TgCDPK1 in complex with a bumped kinase inhibitor, RM-1–132. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was also performed for 100 ns to verify the stability of interaction in drug–protein complexes. Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MMPBSA) analysis evaluated the binding energy of selected complexes. Ezetimibe, Raloxifene, Sulfasalazine, Triamterene, and Zafirlukast drugs against the TgDHFR protein, Cromolyn, Cefexim, and Lactulose drugs against the TgPRS protein, and Pentaprazole, Betamethasone, and Bromocriptine drugs against TgCDPK1 protein showed the best results. These drugs had the lowest energy-based docking scores and also stable interactions based on MD analyses with TgDHFR, TgPRS, and TgCDPK1 drug targets that can be introduced as possible drugs for laboratory investigations to treat T. gondii parasite infection.
Longitudinal trajectory of vascular age indices and cardiovascular risk factors: a repeated-measures analysis
Authors: Watanabe Daiki , Gando Yuko , Murakami Haruka , Kawano Hiroshi , Yamamoto Kenta , Morishita Akie , Miyatake Nobuyuki , Miyachi Motohiko
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to identify the modifiable cardiovascular risk factors associated with longitudinal changes, which are nine functional and structural biological vascular aging indicators (BVAIs), to propose an effective method to prevent biological vascular aging. We conducted a longitudinal study of 697 adults (a maximum of 3636 BVAI measurements) who were, at baseline, aged between 26 and 85 years and whose BVAIs were measured at least twice between 2007 and 2018. The nine BVAIs were measured using vascular testing and an ultrasound device. Covariates were assessed using validated questionnaires and devices. During the mean follow-up period of 6.7 years, the average number of BVAI measurements ranged from 4.3 to 5.3. The longitudinal analysis showed a moderate positive correlation between the common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and chronological age in both men (r = 0.53) and women (r = 0.54). In the multivariate analysis, BVAIs were associated with factors such as age, sex, residential area, smoking status, blood clinical chemistry test levels, number of comorbidities, physical fitness, body mass, physical activity, and dietary intake. The IMT is the most useful BVAI. Our findings suggest that modifiable cardiovascular risk factors are associated with longitudinal changes in BVAI as represented by IMT.
Grazing-incidence diffraction reveals cellulose and pectin organization in hydrated plant primary cell wall
Authors: Del Mundo Joshua T. , Rongpipi Sintu , Yang Hui , Ye Dan , Kiemle Sarah N. , Moffitt Stephanie L. , Troxel Charles L. , Toney Michael F. , Zhu Chenhui , Kubicki James D. , Cosgrove Daniel J. , Gomez Esther W. , Gomez Enrique D.
Published: April 2023

The primary cell wall is highly hydrated in its native state, yet many structural studies have been conducted on dried samples. Here, we use grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) with a humidity chamber, which enhances scattering and the signal-to-noise ratio while keeping outer onion epidermal peels hydrated, to examine cell wall properties. GIWAXS of hydrated and dried onion reveals that the cellulose ($$110/1\overline{1}0$$

110
/
1

1
¯

0

) lattice spacing decreases slightly upon drying, while the (200) lattice parameters are unchanged. Additionally, the ($$110/1\overline{1}0$$

110
/
1

1
¯

0

) diffraction intensity increases relative to (200). Density functional theory models of hydrated and dry cellulose microfibrils corroborate changes in crystalline properties upon drying. GIWAXS also reveals a peak that we attribute to pectin chain aggregation. We speculate that dehydration perturbs the hydrogen bonding network within cellulose crystals and collapses the pectin network without affecting the lateral distribution of pectin chain aggregates.
Transmission dynamics of seasonal influenza in a remote island population
Authors: Han Su Myat , Robert Alexis , Masuda Shingo , Yasaka Takahiro , Kanda Satoshi , Komori Kazuhiri , Saito Nobuo , Suzuki Motoi , Endo Akira , Baguelin Marc , Ariyoshi Koya
Published: April 2023

Seasonal influenza outbreaks remain an important public health concern, causing large numbers of hospitalizations and deaths among high-risk groups. Understanding the dynamics of individual transmission is crucial to design effective control measures and ultimately reduce the burden caused by influenza outbreaks. In this study, we analyzed surveillance data from Kamigoto Island, Japan, a semi-isolated island population, to identify the drivers of influenza transmission during outbreaks. We used rapid influenza diagnostic test (RDT)-confirmed surveillance data from Kamigoto island, Japan and estimated age-specific influenza relative illness ratios (RIRs) over eight epidemic seasons (2010/11 to 2017/18). We reconstructed the probabilistic transmission trees (i.e., a network of who-infected-whom) using Bayesian inference with Markov-chain Monte Carlo method and then performed a negative binomial regression on the inferred transmission trees to identify the factors associated with onwards transmission risk. Pre-school and school-aged children were most at risk of getting infected with influenza, with RIRs values consistently above one. The maximal RIR values were 5.99 (95% CI 5.23, 6.78) in the 7–12 aged-group and 5.68 (95%CI 4.59, 6.99) in the 4–6 aged-group in 2011/12. The transmission tree reconstruction suggested that the number of imported cases were consistently higher in the most populated and busy districts (Tainoura-go and Arikawa-go) ranged from 10–20 to 30–36 imported cases per season. The number of secondary cases generated by each case were also higher in these districts, which had the highest individual reproduction number (Reff: 1.2–1.7) across the seasons. Across all inferred transmission trees, the regression analysis showed that cases reported in districts with lower local vaccination coverage (incidence rate ratio IRR = 1.45 (95% CI 1.02, 2.05)) or higher number of inhabitants (IRR = 2.00 (95% CI 1.89, 2.12)) caused more secondary transmissions. Being younger than 18 years old (IRR = 1.38 (95%CI 1.21, 1.57) among 4–6 years old and 1.45 (95% CI 1.33, 1.59) 7–12 years old) and infection with influenza type A (type B IRR = 0.83 (95% CI 0.77, 0.90)) were also associated with higher numbers of onwards transmissions. However, conditional on being infected, we did not find any association between individual vaccination status and onwards transmissibility. Our study showed the importance of focusing public health efforts on achieving high vaccine coverage throughout the island, especially in more populated districts. The strong association between local vaccine coverage (including neighboring regions), and the risk of transmission indicate the importance of achieving homogeneously high vaccine coverage. The individual vaccine status may not prevent onwards transmission, though it may reduce the severity of infection.
Molecular pathways identified from single nucleotide polymorphisms demonstrate mechanistic differences in systemic lupus erythematosus patients of Asian and European ancestry
Authors: Owen Katherine A. , Bell Kristy A. , Price Andrew , Bachali Prathyusha , Ainsworth Hannah , Marion Miranda C. , Howard Timothy D. , Langefeld Carl D. , Shen Nan , Yazdany Jinoos , Dall’era Maria , Grammer Amrie C. , Lipsky Peter E.
Published: April 2023

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multi-organ autoimmune disorder with a prominent genetic component. Individuals of Asian-Ancestry (AsA) disproportionately experience more severe SLE compared to individuals of European-Ancestry (EA), including increased renal involvement and tissue damage. However, the mechanisms underlying elevated severity in the AsA population remain unclear. Here, we utilized available gene expression data and genotype data based on all non-HLA SNP associations in EA and AsA SLE patients detected using the Immunochip genotyping array. We identified 2778 ancestry-specific and 327 trans-ancestry SLE-risk polymorphisms. Genetic associations were examined using connectivity mapping and gene signatures based on predicted biological pathways and were used to interrogate gene expression datasets. SLE-associated pathways in AsA patients included elevated oxidative stress, altered metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction, whereas SLE-associated pathways in EA patients included a robust interferon response (type I and II) related to enhanced cytosolic nucleic acid sensing and signaling. An independent dataset derived from summary genome-wide association data in an AsA cohort was interrogated and identified similar molecular pathways. Finally, gene expression data from AsA SLE patients corroborated the molecular pathways predicted by SNP associations. Identifying ancestry-related molecular pathways predicted by genetic SLE risk may help to disentangle the population differences in clinical severity that impact AsA and EA individuals with SLE.
Predictive machine learning approaches for the microstructural behavior of multiphase zirconium alloys
Authors: Hasan Tamir , Capolungo Laurent , Zikry Mohammed A.
Published: April 2023

Zirconium alloys are widely used in harsh environments characterized by high temperatures, corrosivity, and radiation exposure. These alloys, which have a hexagonal closed packed (h.c.p.) structure thermo-mechanically degrade, when exposed to severe operating environments due to hydride formation. These hydrides have a different crystalline structure, than the matrix, which results in a multiphase alloy. To accurately model these materials at the relevant physical scale, it is necessary to fully characterize them based on a microstructural fingerprint, which is defined here as a combination of features that include hydride geometry, parent and hydride texture and crystalline structure of these multiphase alloys. Hence, this investigation will develop a reduced order modeling approach, where this microstructural fingerprint is used to predict critical fracture stress levels that are physically consistent with microstructural deformation and fracture modes. Machine Learning (ML) methodologies based on Gaussian Process Regression, random forests, and multilayer perceptrons (MLP) were used to predict material fracture critical stress states. MLPs, or neural networks, had the highest accuracy on held-out test sets across three predetermined strain levels of interest. Hydride orientation, grain orientation or texture, and hydride volume fraction had the greatest effect on critical fracture stress levels and had partial dependencies that were highly significant, and in comparison hydride length and hydride spacing have less effects on fracture stresses. Furthermore, these models were also used accurately predicted material response to nominal applied strains as a function of the microstructural fingerprint.
Molecular structure, comparative and phylogenetic analysis of the complete chloroplast genome sequences of weedy rye Secale cereale ssp. segetale
Authors: Skuza Lidia , Androsiuk Piotr , Gastineau Romain , Paukszto Łukasz , Jastrzębski Jan Paweł , Cembrowska-Lech Danuta
Published: April 2023

The complete chloroplast genome of Secale cereale ssp. segetale (Zhuk.) Roshev. (Poaceae: Triticeae) was sequenced and analyzed to better use its genetic resources to enrich rye and wheat breeding. The study was carried out using the following methods: DNA extraction, sequencing, assembly and annotation, comparison with other complete chloroplast genomes of the five Secale species, and multigene phylogeny. As a result of the study, it was determined that the chloroplast genome is 137,042 base pair (bp) long and contains 137 genes, including 113 unique genes and 24 genes which are duplicated in the IRs. Moreover, a total of 29 SSRs were detected in the Secale cereale ssp. segetale chloroplast genome. The phylogenetic analysis showed that Secale cereale ssp. segetale appeared to share the highest degree of similarity with S. cereale and S. strictum. Intraspecific diversity has been observed between the published chloroplast genome sequences of S. cereale ssp. segetale. The genome can be accessed on GenBank with the accession number (OL688773).
Study on drainage mode and anti-clogging performance of new waterproofing and drainage system in a tunnel
Authors: Zhang Cong , Liu Ning , Chen Kun , Ren FangZhou
Published: April 2023

With an increase in tunnel construction and retention, traditional waterproofing and drainage systems have been unable to meet the needs of tunnels in heavy rainfall areas, and disasters such as tunnel lining cracking, leakage, and even collapse, occur frequently. In order to ensure the safe operation and maintenance of tunnels, this paper analyses the characteristics of the traditional waterproofing and drainage system, and puts forward a new drainage structure through numerical simulation and indoor testing. This structure removes the circular drainage blind pipe and adds a convex shell drainage plate between the waterproof board and the secondary lining. The research shows that the new drainage system greatly decreases the water pressure in the easily blocked area of the drainage structure. With the special surface discharge model, the external water pressure of the lining far away from the blocked area can quickly fall back to the normal level. In addition, the drainage capacity of different waterproof and drainage boards is different. With an increase in support pressure, the drainage capacity decreases; the geotextile decreases the most, followed by the capillary drainage board and then the convex shell drainage board. At the same time, after the muddy water drainage test of the three materials, it is found that the convex shell type drainage plate has the best anti-sludge performance. The research in this paper provides a beneficial attempt for the design of waterproofing and drainage structure of a water-rich karst tunnel, and provides a guarantee for the safe operation and maintenance of the tunnel.
Macular outer nuclear layer, ellipsoid zone and outer photoreceptor segment band thickness, axial length and other determinants
Authors: Wang Ya Xing , Pan Zhe , Xue Can Can , Xie Hui , Wu Xiaodong , Jonas Jost B.
Published: April 2023

The study aims to assess the thickness of the retinal outer nuclear layer (ONL), ellipsoid zone (EZ) and photoreceptor outer segment (POS) band in various macular regions and its associations with axial length and other parameters. Participants of the Beijing Eye Study 2011 underwent a series of examinations including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of the macula. The current study included 2213 participants without retinal or optic nerve diseases (age: 61.7 ± 8.4 years; range 50–93 years); axial length: 23.15 ± 0.95 mm; range 18.96–29.15 mm). The ONL (fovea: 98.9 ± 8.8 µm), EZ (fovea: 24.1 ± 0.5 µm) and POS band (fovea: 24.3 ± 3.5 µm) were the thickest (P < 0.001) in the fovea (defined as the thinnest central point), followed by the temporal inner, nasal inner, inferior inner, superior inner, inferior outer, temporal outer, nasal outer, and superior outer region. In multivariable analysis, a thicker retinal ONL was associated (correlation coefficient r: 0.40) with shorter axial length (beta: − 0.14; P < 0.001) and shorter disc–fovea distance (beta: − 0.10; P = 0.001), after adjusting for younger age (beta: − 0.26; P < 0.001), male sex (beta: 0.24; P < 0.001), lower serum cholesterol concentration (beta: − 0.05; P = 0.04), and thicker subfoveal choroidal thickness (beta: 0.08; P < 0.001). The POS thickness increased with shorter axial length (beta: − 0.06; P < 0.001) and shorter optic disc–fovea distance (beta: − 0.05; P = 0.03), after adjusting for younger age (beta: − 0.34; P < 0.001), male sex (beta: 0.15; P < 0.001), and thicker subfoveal choroidal thickness (beta: 0.24; P < 0.001). As a conclusion, the photoreceptor ONL, EZ and POS band vary in thickness between different macular regions and differ in their correlations with axial length, disc–fovea distance, age, sex, and subfoveal choroidal thickness. The ONL thickness decrease with longer axial length and longer disc–fovea distance may point to an axial elongation-associated retinal stretching in the macula.
Methylammonium halide salt interfacial modification of perovskite quantum dots/triple-cation perovskites enable efficient solar cells
Authors: Tien Ching-Ho , Lai Hong-Ye , Chen Lung-Chien
Published: April 2023

Perovskite solar cells (PeSCs) have been introduced as a new photovoltaic device due to their excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) and low cost. However, due to the limitations of the perovskite film itself, the existence of defects was inevitable, which seriously affects the number and mobility of carriers in perovskite solar cells, thus restricting PeSCs improved efficiency and stability. Interface passivation to improve the stability of perovskite solar cells is an important and effective strategy. Here, we use methylammonium halide salts (MAX, X = Cl, Br, I) to effectively passivate defects at or near the interface of perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs)/triple-cation perovskite films. The MAI passivation layer increased the open circuit voltage of PeQDs/triple-cation PeSC by 63 mV up to 1.04 V, with a high short-circuit current density of 24.6 mA cm−2 and a PCE of 20.4%, which demonstrated a significant suppression of interfacial recombination.
Synthesis and characterisation of four bimetallic gold–gallium clusters with Au–Ga rings as a new structural motif in gold cluster chemistry
Authors: Strienz Markus , Fetzer Florian , Schnepf Andreas
Published: April 2023

The synthesis and structure of four phosphine-stabilized gold–gallium clusters is presented, showing novel structural motives like a [AuGa]x chain, which is similar to the –SL–(Au–SL–)n staple motifs in thiolate-stabilized gold cluster compounds.
The role of non-affine deformations in the elastic behavior of the cellular vertex model
Authors: Staddon Michael F. , Hernandez Arthur , Bowick Mark J. , Moshe Michael , Marchetti M. Cristina
Published: April 2023

The vertex model of epithelia describes the apical surface of a tissue as a tiling of elastic polygonal cells. We show how non-affine deformations allow the tissue to have a softer mechanical response under strain, such as a vanishing shear modulus.
Recent advances in versatile pyridazine-cored materials: principles, applications, and challenges
Authors: Zhang Jing , Jiang Yanze , Cheng Xiaojie , Xie Yingjie , Zhao Jianfeng , Weng Jiena
Published: April 2023

Advances in versatile pyridazine-based materials for optoelectronics, chromism, sensing, catalysis, and energy storage/release, etc., are reviewed.
The effect of permanent electric dipoles on the stability and photoelectric properties of MAPbI3 films
Authors: Chen Liufang , Zhang Zhihang , Zhai Wenjing , Li Guangyuan , Huang Lin , Li Xinyu , Zheng Wenhao , Lin Lin. , Zhou Xiaohui , Yan Zhibo , Liu Jun-Ming
Published: April 2023

P(VDF–TrFE) dipoles reduce ion migration and improve film stability via the interaction between ferroelectric dipoles and the ions in MAPbI3, and enhance the photoelectric performance of MAPbI3 by reducing the trap-assisted capture radius.
Restricted access polypyrrole employed in pipette-tip solid-phase extraction for determination of nimodipine and nicardipine in breast milk
Authors: Silva Camilla F. , Nascimento Clebio Soares , Borges Keyller Bastos
Published: April 2023

A HPLC-UV method for the determination of nimodipine and nicardipine in breast milk using restricted access polypyrrole as an adsorbent in pipette-tip solid-phase extraction (PT-SPE) has been developed.
Recent progress of Cu-based electrocatalysts for upgrading biomass-derived furanic compounds
Authors: Tan Jingwen , Jiang Mei , Yu Kun , Song Yuyang , Zhang Wenbiao , Gao Qingsheng
Published: April 2023

Cu-based electrocatalysts for the valorization of furans are comprehensively reviewed, which elucidates the working mechanism and provides guidance for catalyst design in the electrochemical refining of biomass feedstock.
Brittle-to-ductile transition and theoretical strength in a metal–organic framework glass
Authors: Yan Shaohua , Bennett Thomas D. , Feng Weipeng , Zhu Zhongyin , Yang Dingcheng , Zhong Zheng , Qin Qing H.
Published: April 2023

Reducing the external size to the nanoscale enables ZIF-62 glass to achieve theoretical strength and large deformability.
Noncovalent induced circular dichroism sensors based on a chiral metal–organic framework: chiral induction synthesis, quantitative enantioselective sensing and noncovalent sensing mechanism
Authors: Zhu Yanyu , Ding Tianyang , Zhang Xu , Zhou Yanan , Yu Jiahui , Li Xin , Zheng Hanwen , Sun Zhengang , Jiao Chengqi
Published: April 2023

A chiral MOF was designed for enantioselective sensing of chiral tryptophan and aromatic amino alcohols, and the sensing mechanism as well as chiral induction synthesis of enantioenriched MOFs were also investigated.
Efficient and environmentally-friendly access to 4,5-unsaturated sulfonamides through ligand-free copper-BF3-catalyzed three-component alkene carbo-sulfonamidation
Authors: Ahmed Waqar , Sadaf Aiman , Chae Pil Seok
Published: April 2023

Cu/BF3-catalyzed three-component functionalization of alkene has been developed from allylic alcohols and commercial sulfonamides. A green reaction setup and a wide scope of substrates are the merits of this strategy over previously reported ones.
Three-component redox-neutral 1,2-alkylarylation of vinylarenes involving C–H functionalization enabled by copper catalysis
Authors: Yang Dongyu , Wang Chengming
Published: April 2023

Copper-catalyzed three-component regioselective and scalable 1,2-alkylarylation of vinylarenes was achieved under redox-neutral conditions.
Multifunctional fluorescent Eu-MOF probe for tetracycline antibiotics and dihydrogen phosphate sensing and visualizing latent fingerprints
Authors: Wiwasuku Theanchai , Chuaephon Adulvit , Puangmali Theerapong , Boonmak Jaursup , Ittisanronnachai Somlak , Promarak Vinich , Youngme Sujittra
Published: April 2023

Water-stable Eu-MOF as a fluorescent probe for detecting tetracycline antibiotics and dihydrogen phosphate in real samples and visualization of latent fingerprints.
Shape dependency of gold nanorods through TMB2+-mediated etching for the visual detection of NT-proBNP
Authors: Jiang Chenlong , Lai Xiangde , Han Feng , Gao Zhijun , Yang Haixia , Zhao Xuan , Pang Huajie , Qiao Bin , Pei Hua , Wu Qiang
Published: April 2023

Visual detection of NT-proBNP based on the principle of HRP-catalyzed TMB conversion into TMB2+ to mediate gold nanorods etching and an ELISA system.
Effect of regulating the different proportions of Zr to Mn elements on the hydrogen storage properties of titanium–iron–manganese–hydrogen storage alloys
Authors: Lv Peng , Peng Cheng , Liu Quanyu , Zhong Changlin , Huang Dongfang , Liu Zhichen , Zhou Quanbao , Zhao Ruixue
Published: April 2023

Increasing the proportion of Zr to Mn elements enhanced the first hydrogenation properties and oxidation resistance of TiFe0.85−xMn0.15Zrx (x = 0, 0.05, 0.075 and 0.15) alloys.
A molybdenum disulfide/nickel ferrite-modified voltammetric sensing platform for ultra-sensitive determination of clenbuterol under the presence of an external magnetic field
Authors: Tien Van Manh , Ong Van Hoang , Pham Tuyet Nhung , Quang Hoa Nguyen , Nguyen Thi Lan , Thang Pham Duc , Khanh Vinh Le , Trinh Pham Thi Nhat , Thanh Doan Thi Ngoc , Tung Le Minh , Le Anh-Tuan
Published: April 2023

The electrochemical behavior and sensing performance of an electrode modified with NiFe2O4(NFO), MoS2, and MoS2–NFO were thoroughly investigated using CV, EIS, DPV, and CA measurements, respectively.
Easily processable spin filters: exploring the chiral induced spin selectivity of bowl-shaped chiral subphthalocyanines
Authors: Labella Jorge , Bhowmick Deb Kumar , Kumar Anil , Naaman Ron , Torres Tomás
Published: April 2023

Herein a new class of spin filters based on subphthalocyanines is reported. We measure the CISS effect by means of magnetic conductive probe atomic force microscopy (mc-AFM). Remarkably, the resulting devices show spin polarizations (SPs) as high as ca. 50%.
Tuning proton kinetics in BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.2–XYXO3–δ triple ionic-electronic conductors via aliovalent substitution
Authors: Duffy Jack H. , Abernathy Harry W. , Brinkman Kyle S.
Published: April 2023

Complementary permeation and conductivity relaxation studies reveal the optimal 10% yttrium B-site doping in BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.2−XYXO3−δ (BCFZYX) triple ionic-electronic conductors for improved proton conductivity and surface exchange.
In situ injectable NIR-responsive supramolecular hydrogels encapsulating ROS-triggered chain-breakage prodrug micelles and hydrophilic Fe3O4 nanoparticles for enhanced synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy
Authors: Huang Shiwei , Zhao Nuoya , Qian Zhiyi , Yuan Weizhong
Published: April 2023

The injectable NIR-responsive supramolecular hydrogels encapsulating ROS-triggered chain-breakage prodrug micelles and hydrophilic Fe3O4 nanoparticles can enhance synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy.
Modelling and analysis of electromagnetic force, vibration, and noise in permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric vehicles under different working conditions considering current harmonics
Authors: Wang Lixin , Wang Xiaoyuan , Li Na , Li Tianyuan
Published: April 2023

The vibration and noise of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is mainly caused by its electromagnetic force. Harmonic currents affect the vibration, and noise performance of PMSM by influencing its electromagnetic force. The regularity of electromagnetic force, vibration, and noise characteristics of PMSM for electric vehicles (EVs) under different working conditions influenced by the harmonic currents is studied. Firstly, the analytical model of electromagnetic force under the action of a harmonic current is derived, and the influence of harmonic currents on the electromagnetic force of PMSM is summarised. Secondly, a multi‐physical field coupled vibration, and noise calculation model considering harmonic currents is established using the finite element method, and the vibration, and noise characteristics of PMSM under different operating conditions are analysed. The results show that the harmonic currents have different patterns of influence on the vibration, and noise of the PMSM due to the different advance angles and the saturation degree of the magnetic material under different working conditions. Finally, the validity of the theoretical analysis is verified by experiments, which has academic significance for vibration, and noise reduction of PMSMs for EVs.
Frequency selection method for urban low frequency multi‐terminal interconnected systems
Authors: Xu Kehan , Zhang Zheren , Xu Zheng
Published: April 2023

Large‐scale urban power grid (LUPG) is normally under the operating mode by voltage layer and zone partition. One of the most important directions for the development of urban is to enhance the controllability by flexible low‐frequency interconnection technology. In this study, a frequency selection method for urban low‐frequency multi‐terminal interconnected systems (ULFMIS) is proposed. Firstly, the required support power under different conditions, the index number of sending partition (SP) and receiving partition (RP) are determined. Secondly, by calculating the current distribution along the line under different support powers, the upper limit of the transmission frequency (ULTF) of each line is obtained. Finally, the smallest transmission frequency among the ULTFs of different tie lines is selected as the ULTF of the ULFMIS. The proposed method is validated in a typical four‐terminal ULFMIS. The results demonstrate that the suggested method is suitable for calculating the ULTF taking account of the influence of the number of parallel lines on economic cost and provide guidance for future practical ULFMIS projects.
A lightweight method for face expression recognition based on improved MobileNetV3
Authors: Liang Xunru , Liang Jianfeng , Yin Tao , Tang Xiaoyu
Published: April 2023

Facial expression recognition plays a significant role in the application of man–machine interaction. However, existing models typically have shortcomings with numerous parameters, large model sizes, and high computational costs, which are difficult to deploy in resource‐constrained devices. This paper proposes a lightweight network based on improved MobileNetV3 to mitigate these disadvantages. Firstly, we adjust the channels in the high‐level network to reduce the number of parameters and model size, and then, the coordinate attention mechanism is introduced to the network, which enhances the attention of the network with few parameters and low computing cost. Furthermore, a complementary pooling structure is designed to improve the coordinate attention mechanism, which enables it to assist the network in extracting salient features sufficiently. In addition, the network with the joint loss consisting of the softmax loss and centre loss is trained, which can minimize the intra‐class gap and improve the classification performance. Finally, the network is trained and tested on public datasets FERPlus and RAF‐DB, with the best accuracy of 87.5% and 86.6%, respectively. The FLOPs, parameters, and the memory storage size are only 0.19GMac, 1.3 M, and 15.9 MB, respectively, which is lighter than most state‐of‐the‐art networks. Code is available at https://github.com/RIS‐LAB1/FER‐mobilenet.
A review of power system resilience assessment and enhancement approaches by focusing on wind farms and wind turbines
Authors: Modaberi Seyyed Alireza , Tohidi Sajjad , Zadeh Saeid Ghassem , Bolandi Tohid Ghanizadeh
Published: April 2023

Recently, due to the increase of the frequency of high impact low probability (HILP) events (manmade and natural events), assessment and enhancement of resilience has become very important in the operation and planning procedures of future power systems. In this regard, several researches have been conducted on operation and planning strategies of the power system to improve resilience. Here, assessment and enhancement approaches of power system resilience by focusing on the role of wind farms and wind turbines are reviewed. To do so, a comprehensive review of the related metrics, hazard types, modelling approaches, assessment methods, and enhancement solutions is presented. Then, the assessment and enhancement methods of power system resilience are categorized in three phases before event (preventive proactive actions), during event (corrective active actions) and after event (restorative reactive actions) from the point of view of operation and planning actions. Finally, the current challenges, research gaps and future trends are discussed.
Estimation of the steady states parameters in open-loop distribution networks based on feedforward neural networks
Authors: Khudayarov Muzaffar , Bobonazarov Bahrom
Published: April 2023

Power flow calculations play major role during the operational stage of any distribution networks for its control, as well as during the design stage. Moreover, the main purpose of any power flow calculations is to compute precise steady-state voltages of nodes, the real and reactive power flows on each branches, under the assumption of known loads. That is, one of the main results of the calculation is steady-state voltages of nodes. As a rule, iterative methods are used to calculate load flows in distribution networks. This places high demands on calculations in terms of speed and reliability of obtaining results in any operating conditions. Given this in the article presents models for node voltages estimation in distribution networks based on feedforward artificial neural networks. Their use makes it possible to increase the speed of the power flow calculations in distribution networks. We examined the effectiveness of the models on the example of real schemes of 6-10 kV open-loop distribution networks.
Implementation of mathematical models and algorithms in task control of the microalgae cultivation processes
Authors: Rakhmanov Sherkul , Turaev K. , Madalieva Dilafruz
Published: April 2023

This article considers the implementation of mathematical models and algorithms in the problems of controlling the process of chlorella cultivation. When building a control system, the following tasks are solved: collecting and primary processing of information, predicting the course of technological processes, optimizing regime parameters, managing a technological process, etc. One of the necessary conditions for the optimal conduct of the process of cultivating microorganisms is automatic control of the quality and composition of nutrients at the inlet, as well as control of the output indicators of the process. The frequency of solving control problems is set depending on the technological features, the control object, the mode of introducing the process, and also on the availability of a complex of technical means. As a result of the implementation of the proposed control system, the maximum ratio of the concentration of chlorella from its average value decreased by 23.8%. Thus, the control system for the cultivation of chlorella provides timely forecasting of the course of the technological process and the formation of control actions using a computing device, which contributes to an increase in the productivity of the cultivator by 8-12%.
Discrete symmetry tests using hyperon-antihyperon pairs
Authors: Kupsc Andrzej
Published: April 2023

The BESIII experiment has accumulated millions of spin entangled hyperon–antihyperon pairs from the decays of the J/ψ and ψ(2S ) mesons produced in electron–positron collisions. Using multi-dimensional methods to analyze the angular distributions in the sequential decays the hyperon and antihyperon decay amplitudes are studied and tests of the combined charge-conjugation–parity (CP) symmetry are performed. Implications of the recent results using J/ψ decays into Λ$ \bar \Lambda $ and Ξ−$ \bar {\Xi}^{+} $ are presented. For the cascade decay chain, the exclusive measurement allows for three independent CP tests and the first direct determination of the weak phases.
Future facilities at PSI, the High-Intensity Muon Beams (HIMB) project
Authors: Dal Maso Giovanni , Gabard Alexander , Haj Tahar Malek , Kettle Peter-Raymond , Kirch Klaus , Kiselev Daniela , Koschik Alexander , Knecht Andreas , Laube Daniel , Papa Angela , Rauber Thomas , Reggiani Davide , Riccioli Rebecca , Snuverink Jochem , Talanov Vadim , Valetov Eremey
Published: April 2023

Currently, PSI delivers the most intense continuous muon beam in the world with up to a few 108 µ+/s. The High-Intensity Muon Beams (HIMB) project is developing a new target station and muon beamlines able to deliver 1010 µ+/s, with a huge impact for low-energy, high-precision muon experiments. While the next generation of proton drivers with beam powers in excess of the currently achieved 1.4 MW still require significant research and development, the focus of HIMB is to improve the surface muon yield with a new target geometry and to increase capture and transmission with a solenoid-based beamline in order to reach a total efficiency of approximately 10 %. We present the current status of the HIMB project.
New beamlines and future prospects of the J-PARC muon facility
Authors: Yamazaki Takayuki , Kawamura , Naritoshi , Shimomura Koichiro , Miyake Yasuhiro , Oishi Yu , Adachi Taihei , Strasser Patrick , Koda Akihiro , Fujimori Hiroshi , Yuasa Takahiro , Ikedo Yutaka , Kobayashi Yasuo , Sasaki Ken-ichi , Mibe Tsutomu , Ushizawa Takahiro , Higashino Yuta , Nagao Daiki , Aoki Masaharu , Hase Kazuya , Kaneko Satoshi , Tagawa Ryota , Uematsu Taichi , Seiya Yoshihiro , Uetake Satoshi , Masuda Takahiro , Tada Hiroki , Sugiyama So , Suzuki Kazuhito
Published: April 2023

At the J-PARC muon facility (MUSE), new beamlines started operation recently. H-line is a high-intensity pulsed muon beamline for fundamental physics experiments. The first beam of the H-line was delivered to its first branch (H1 area) in January 2022, where a precise measurement of the muonium hyperfine structure and a search for μ-e conversion will be conducted. Further extension of the second branch of the H-line for a muon g-2/EDM experiment and a transmission muon microscope project is also ongoing. In addition, the second branch of the surface muon beamline (S2 area of the S-line) was opened for a muonium 1S-2S spectroscopy experiment in FY2021. In this paper, the recent upgrade and present status of the J-PARC muon facility and its prospects are presented.
A systematic review of peptide-based serological tests for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis
Authors: Pagniez Julie , Petitdidier Elodie , Parra-Zuleta Oriana , Pissarra Joana , Bras-Gonçalves Rachel
Published: April 2023

Serological methods should meet the needs of leishmaniasis diagnosis due to their high sensitivity and specificity, economical and adaptable rapid diagnostic test format, and ease of use. Currently, the performances of serological diagnostic tests, despite improvements with recombinant proteins, vary greatly depending on the clinical form of leishmaniasis and the endemic area. Peptide-based serological tests are promising as they could compensate for antigenic variability and improve performance, independently ofLeishmaniaspecies and subspecies circulating in the endemic areas. The objective of this systematic review was to inventory all studies published from 2002 to 2022 that evaluate synthetic peptides for serological diagnosis of human leishmaniases and also to highlight the performance (e.g., sensitivity and specificity) of each peptide reported in these studies. All clinical forms of leishmaniasis, visceral and tegumentary, and allLeishmaniaspecies responsible for these diseases were considered. Following PRISMA statement recommendations, 1,405 studies were identified but only 22 articles met the selection criteria and were included in this systematic review. These original research articles described 77 different peptides, of which several have promising performance for visceral or tegumentary leishmaniasis diagnosis. This review highlights the importance of and growing interest in synthetic peptides used for serological diagnosis of leishmaniases, and their performances compared to some widely used tests with recombinant proteins.
Intraparenchymal Schwannoma of Temporal Lobe: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Saghebdoust Sajjad , Habibi Mohammad Amin , Ekrami Mehran , Khadivar Farshid , Vakilzadeh Mohammad Moein , Zare Reza
Published: April 2023

Intracranial schwannomas (ISs) account for approximately 8% of intracranial tumors, while IS, a rare entity, is responsible for roughly 1% of IS. A 33-year-old man with a 3-month headache and sudden onset seizure was referred to our clinic. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging revealed a contrast-enhancing mass accompanied by cystic components in the right temporal lobe. Ganglioglioma, metastasis, or glioblastoma multiforme was suspected, and surgery was advised. During surgery, gross total resection of a noninvasive tumor was conducted. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. Based on histopathological examination and confirmatory immunohistochemistry, the intraparenchymal temporal tumor was diagnosed as schwannoma. ISs are extremely scarce brain tumors mainly located on the surface of the brain or adjacent brain ventricles. The definite preoperative diagnosis of schwannoma cannot be readily established due to radiologically indistinguishable features from metastasis and gliomas; however, histopathology and immunohistochemistry are of great assistance. Complete surgical removal is the most preferred treatment alternative with a long-term favorable prognosis without adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy requirements.
The Efficacy of Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4) Wet Dressing in Reducing Eyelid Swelling and Bruising after Blepharoplasty: A Randomized, Controlled, and Observer-Blinded Assessment Study
Authors: Zou Pei , Zhang Kaili , Jin Yi , Liu Guangpeng
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of wet dressing with 50% magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) solution on decreasing eyelid swelling and bruising after blepharoplasty. Fifty-eight patients (23 male and 35 female) who underwent bilateral blepharoplasty were enrolled in our randomized clinical trial. One side of the periorbital area (upper and lower eyelids) per patient received a wet dressing with 50% MgSO4 solution randomly, and the other side was cooled with an ice pack from the first postoperative day for two consecutive days (30 minutes per time and twice a day). The eyelid edema and ecchymosis were evaluated and classified using respective graded scales. Degrees of eyelid edema were similar after surgery in both groups (p > 0.05) and were significantly decreased with time. Compared with the cooled ones, less swelling was observed in the eyelids treated by MgSO4 wet compress on postoperative day 5 (p < 0.01). Both the incidence and area of ecchymosis were lower in the MgSO4 group than those in the cooling group (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Moreover, the majority of patients (39/58, 67.2%) indicated a preference for MgSO4 wet dressing over ice cooling. MgSO4 wet dressing can be conveniently applied to alleviate eyelid swelling and reduce recovery time after blepharoplasty.
Squeezing single cells to measure deformability
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: April 2023

Examining contour changes with computer vision can determine a cell’s mechanical properties.
Porous silica preconcentrator for selective ambient volatile organic compounds detection: Effects of surface functionalization and humidity
Authors: Day Coco , Barua Nirmalay , Hutter Tanya
Published: April 2023

With the increased demand for hand-held and ambient gas sensors, it is imperative to develop sensors that can offer both selective and sensitive detection. Gas preconcentration is a widely tried and tested method to increase the sensitivity of gas detectors. While it effectively lowers the limit of detection, it does not impact the selectivity of the detector. Therefore, preconcentrator materials have mostly been used in conjunction with selective detectors. In this work, we use the preconcentration method with a nonselective small and portable photoionization detector to introduce selectivity. For this purpose, we use a relatively slow heating rate, that allows for gradual desorption and analytes from the preconcentrator material–nanoporous silica. The characteristic desorption temperature of the volatile organic compounds (VOC) from the preconcentrator allows selective detection of the VOC. In this work, we study the effect of surface functionalization, to make it hydrophobic, and observe the adsorption–desorption behavior of polar (isopropyl alcohol) and non-polar (octane) gas molecules. The hydrophobic silica surface was found to improve the adsorption of non-polar octane, while it reduced the adsorption of polar isopropyl alcohol. The desorption temperature for isopropanol remained unchanged for both functionalized and non-functionalized preconcentrators; however, the desorption temperature for octane increased by 10 °C when the functionalized hydrophobic pSiO2 was used. We also observed the presence of humidity, a known interferent, did not heavily impact the sensing performance. These results are promising evidence that functionalized porous silica integrated with a photoionization detector can be used for selective gas detection in the ambient atmosphere.
A simulator for charged particle guns and lenses
Authors: Shadman K.
Published: April 2023

An algorithm is presented that extends the application of ray optics to charged particle guns, where particles are emitted with a wide range of angles and relative energies. The extension is made possible by replacing the ray tangent as a coordinate with the directional sine, which remains finite for all take-off angles, and if necessary, by simulating the ray optics for multiple segments of the energy distribution. Consequently, an electron gun comprising a cathode, an extractor, and an anode, for example, may be characterized by its focal length, the location of its image plane, the magnification of the emission spot at this plane, and the primary and higher-order aberrations of the module, which reshape this spot. This description is realized by modeling the particle trajectories as a power series in their initial conditions and by using standard algebraic techniques, namely, the binomial and Taylor expansions, to transform the relativistic Newton’s equation, which describes the evolution of the trajectories in the electromagnetic fields of the gun, into a differential equation for the evolution of the series coefficients. In addition to providing the optical parameters, the series coefficients produce an algebraic map between the particle coordinates along the gun axis and their initial values at the plane of emission, thereby circumventing the need to launch a multitude of trajectories in a particle simulator to model the source that the gun presents to the optical elements downstream. The algorithm may be enhanced in the future by incorporating some effects of space charge from the emission current.
One-pot synthesis of superparamagnetically modified zeolite chabazite for removal of Cs+ from radioactively contaminated water
Authors: Ito Azusa , Karmaoui Mohamed , Thirunavukkarasu Gnanavel , Hriljac Joseph A.
Published: April 2023

Composites of sodium-exchanged zeolite chabazite particles with attached superparamagnetic nanoparticles of Fe3O4 and CoFe2O4 ferrite spinels have been produced using a novel solvothermal route. These have been characterized by a combination of techniques, including powder x-ray diffraction, x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, and both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. These confirm the nature of the attached nanoparticles, and the microscope images show a good dispersion of nanoparticles with a narrow size range deposited uniformly on the surface of the zeolite particles. The magnetization is of sufficient strength to allow magnetic separation from a solution. Both time and pH dependent Cs uptake experiments show that the magnetized systems are still excellent for the rapid uptake of Cs via an ion exchange process with no reduction in property due to the attached nanoparticles.