bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Operations Research and Higher Education Administration
Authors: Cheng T.C.E.
Published: May 2006

Presents a selective review of the application of Operations
Research (OR) in higher education administration. Identifies eight
important types of operational management problems in higher education
and discusses the use of OR methods to deal with these problems. Seeks
to make administrators in higher education aware of the great potential
of application of OR to assist them in making decisions, and to show the
OR community that higher education is an area where plentiful
opportunities exist for OR applications.
Public Schooling Reform in Australia: In Whose Interests?
Authors: Apelt Linda , Lingard Bob
Published: May 2006

Concerned with the need to scrutinize the rhetoric of current
blueprints for schooling reform to ensure that in their implementation
there results a power redistribution which is in the interests of
improved educational outcomes for more students, particularly for those
who are currently the least advantaged. It is argued that with the
implementation of decentralization and devolution policies for public
education, there is a need to ensure that the principle of equity is
maintained as an end to be achieved through democratic and efficient
means which are in harmony with the spirit of public schooling in a
liberal democracy. Questions related to the motives for reform and who
benefits are pivotal.
Group Maturity in a Teacher Centre Policy Board
Authors: Rothstein Andrew S.
Published: May 2006

Examines group maturation process as described by the genre. The
research also employed a decision‐making model to identify factors which
influenced group maturation. A review of the literature revealed that
there has been little research on group maturation in administrative
decision‐making groups in educational organizations. In order to explore
group maturation in an educational setting, the policy board of a
teacher centre consortium was studied over the course of a year. The
research methods employed were ethnographic. The findings of the study
showed that groups may mature following patterns associated with those
of the theoretical framework, but that certain factors associated with
group decision making may influence group maturation.
A Normative Theory of Participative Decision Making in Schools
Authors: Hoy Wayne K. , Tarter C. John
Published: May 2006

Involving subordinates in decisions may improve the quality and acceptance of decisions when participation fits the constraints of the situation. A theory of participative decision making (PDM) is developed that suggests under what conditions subordinates should be involved in decision making. The model describes not only when teachers should be involved but also the appropriate role for the administrator, which depends on the decisional situation. The analysis concludes with three specific school applications.
School Response to a Changing Environment
Authors: Levin Benjamin
Published: May 2006

Explores the relationship between schools and school systems on the
one hand, and, on the other, the world or environment in which they are
located. The typical presentation in the literature stresses the
requirement for organizations to adapt to external pressures, and the
key role of managers in that process. However, theoretical and empirical
work casts doubt on both these assumptions. Raises questions as to what
is meant by the environment of an organization, about how organizations
come to pay attention to some external pressures rather than others,
about the kinds of responses organizations make, and about the role
administrators play in the process. Concludes with suggestions for
further research in the area.
The Secondary Headship: Perceptions, Conceptions,
Performance and Reactions of Headteachers in Barbados
Authors: Newton Earle H.
Published: May 2006

Reports a study of seven headteachers from public schools in
Barbados during the period March‐June 1984. Presents the results of the
study, which include: headteachers see their role in creating good
interpersonal relationships and purposeful climates as a very important
one. They are seriously concerned about student discipline, control and
order. Evidence of great discontinuity between their role conceptions
and performance was found. The headteachers experienced feelings of
powerlessness and ambiguity as a result of being controlled by policies
and rules from a central body. These caused some degree of frustration
and elements of formalism but there was no evidence of alienation or
despair.
Instructional Leadership in Primary and Secondary Schools
in Western Australia
Authors: Wildy Helen , Dimmock Clive
Published: May 2006

There is increasing support for the importance of the principal′s
instructional leadership in school effectiveness. However, there is
uncertainty over the extent to which principals actually engage in
instructional leadership tasks. Investigates the perceptions held by
principals and teachers of principals′ instructional leadership in a
sample of Western Australian government primary and secondary schools
using the Instructional Leadership Questionnaire. Instructional
leadership was found to be a shared responsibility. Principals were
perceived to be least involved in “managing the curriculum”
and “evaluating and providing feedback”. Primary school
principals were perceived to be more responsible for instructional
leadership than their secondary counterparts. Principals of very small
primary schools (less than 100 students) were most involved in tasks and
those of middlesized primary schools (300 to 500 students) were least
involved. “Providing rewards and recognition for high quality
teaching” was the only instructional leadership task perceived not
to be performed by either principals or teachers in both primary and
secondary schools. Principals perceived themselves to be more involved
in instructional leadership tasks than their staff perceived them to be.
A Comparison of Organizational Structures in Universities
in Australia and China
Authors: Yan‐Ming Han
Published: May 2006

An organization is broadly defined to be a formally co‐ordinated
effort by groups of individuals to realize specific goals. A university,
as an organization, can be distinguished from a wide range of business
organizations and government agencies, both by the manner of
co‐ordination and the goals of profession. Reviews some characteristics
of university academic and administrative organizations in both
Australia and China. Includes a comparative examination of supervising
organs above the university; governing bodies within the university;
teaching organizations of the university between Australia and China,
and the classification of China′s universities.
Leadership, Management and “The Effectiveness of
Schooling”: A Response to Mr Gradgrind
Authors: Chapman Judith
Published: May 2006

Discusses the concept of “school effectiveness” and the
theories behind the research reported in the literature – which is
reviewed. Both the so‐called scientific approach and the
multi‐paradigmatic approach have limitations; an “evolutionary
epistemology” is preferred.
Structural Coupling, Robustness and Effectiveness of
Schools
Authors: Logan Connie S. , Ellett Chad D. , Licata Joseph W.
Published: May 2006

Explores the relationships between teacher perceptions of the
structural coupling in their schools and their perceptions of school
robustness and effectiveness in a research study of 73 participating
schools. Pearson product‐moment correlations of mean scores from each
school produced significant relationships, suggesting that teacher
perceptions of relatively tight coupling of goal direction/vision and
work supervision structures, and relatively loose coupling of
manipulative control structures, are associated with their positive
perceptions of school robustness and effectiveness as well as student
achievement and attendance.
Gender and Race Differentiations among Applicants in
Educational Leadership Programmes: Multivariant Strategies for Equity
Authors: Veir Carole
Published: May 2006

Reports the analysis of the data normally used to admit graduate
students into US graduate programmes for preparing educators for
leadership positions in schools. Further analyses the data of additional
criteria used by one university in an attempt to provide more equitable
evaluation of minority students. The results show significant
differences in the scores of black and Hispanic females and other
subgroups on standardized tests, but not on jobrelated measures.
Recommendations include broadening the measures used to make decisions
regarding candidates′ admittance to assure a more equitable pool of
candidates to fulfil the needs of the rapidly changing demographics in
the schools.
Cara David: A Leading Woman in Australian Education
Authors: Kyle Noeline J.
Published: May 2006

Very little Australian literature looks at women as leaders in
education. Using theoretical viewpoints emerging out of a biographical
and historical analysis, it is possible to construct a more inclusive
model of leadership which includes both men and women in the past.
Mapping such a process historically and biographically can give a
detailed assessment of the social, historical and political dimensions
of particular women leaders′ lives and also develop a theoretical
framework, which gives equal status to the leadership experiences more
common to women. Presents a historical narrative where recording lives
raises critical questions at the same time as it unearths new evidence
of the history of women educationists in Australia.
Capitalisation of Interest for Property Companies
Authors: Smee Richard
Published: May 2006

Describes the current position of capitalizing interest into the
cost of property development within UK law and accounting standards.
Contrasts this with the situation in other countries. Discusses recent
(1992) proposals for change. Argues that capitalization, if properly
applied, is a prudent and proper measure. Concludes that reforms are
needed to promote a more uniform and well‐understood approach to
capitalization.
The Funding of an Enterprise Zone: Doxford International
Authors: Brodtman Michael
Published: May 2006

Discusses Enterprise Zones, their background and their significance
to businesses and developers. Details the funding of a specific
development (Doxford International, Sunderland). Considers the
implications of that innovative funding method. Concludes that
Enterprise Zones are beneficial to the local community and business in
general. Argues that such mechanisms should have a far wider
application.
Improving Cash Flow for a Property Company through
Repackaging
Authors: Theophilus John A.
Published: May 2006

Offers practical advice to a company experiencing cash flow
difficulties. Advocates a repackaging plan. Advises on how assets and
investments should be treated, how to generate cash via the profit and
loss account and how to restructure the financial profile of the
company. Provides advice on how to negotiate with bankers in order to
obtain maximum support through the difficult period.
The Urban Development Grant: Funding the Commercial
Revitalisation of Belfast
Authors: Berry J.N. , McGreal W.S.
Published: May 2006

Gives background to the Urban Development Grant (UDG), with
particular reference to Northern Ireland. Considers some examples of the
application of UDG in central Belfast. Evaluates the effect of UDG on
the core of Belfast. Concludes that UDG has made significant
developments possible in the core of Belfast, but at a high cost to the
public sector.
The Use of Documentation in the Development and Operation
of Property Computer Systems
Authors: Garbett Chris
Published: May 2006

Examines the role of documentation in systems design and operation.
Emphasizes the need for communication between user and programmer.
Discusses the various documents employed. Looks at operational
documentation, including User Manuals and on line text help. Counsels
insistence on ensuring documentation is at the same revision level as
the system.
Investment Property Portfolio Purchase by Private
Subscription of Shares
Authors: Theophilus John A.
Published: May 2006

Looks at the acquisition of a portfolio of properties by the
private subscription of shares. Considers the assembling of the
portfolio and the professional team. Examines the financing structure
and how the senior debt is raised. Describes raising the shares and
sourcing the shareholders. Comments on the scheme′s performance.
VAT and the Surrender of Leases
Authors: Cushnir Alan M.
Published: May 2006

Considers the effect of the European Court′s ruling in relation to
VAT zero rating of transactions concerning land and buildings. Describes
some legitimate tax planning. Discusses whether the UK legislation is in
accordance with the sixth EC VAT Directive.
Sale and leasebacks: a case study
Authors: Fox J.W.W
Published: May 2006

Suggests that the sale and leaseback of property provides a way for
owner‐occupiers to redistribute capital invested in property with either
the release of capital or its reinvestment in a more balanced property
portfolio. Outlines a case study which shows how such a programme is
carried out. Considers the strategy adopted, method of sale, legal
considerations and market influences. Reveals that the degree of market
interest reflected the strength of covenant being offered and the
perception of an assured investment.
The resurgence of real estate investment trusts
Authors: Jennings Richard B.
Published: May 2006

Describes the resurgence of the equity real estate investment
trusts (REITs) which are becoming major sources of equity capital for
debt reduction and for acquisitions of performing commercial and
multi‐family residential property. Describes the objectives and
characteristics of the new equity REITs, as well as their investors.
Reveals that REIT stock offerings are now hot stocks and that there is a
danger that the market may become oversupplied with them.
Capital allowances and property financing arrangements
Authors: James Jimmy
Published: May 2006

Considers the changing financial marketplace and how taxation and
capital allowances assist in the realisation of long term funding
arrangements. Shows, using example projects, how the various
requirements were met and how the appropriate solutions were adopted.
Finally, examines the work that has been recently carried out on the
development of computer programs which evaluate funding, development and
hold and sell options.
Great expectations? The impact of the property slump on
BES‐assured tenancies in 1990/91
Authors: Crook Tony , Hughes John , Kemp Peter
Published: May 2006

Describes how the Business Expansion Scheme (BES) was extended to
assure tenancy housing rental companies in 1988. Presents results of a
study of the assured tenancy companies established in 1990/91. Suggests
that strategic changes sustained the flow equity capital into the BES
but increased the livelihood that the additions to the private rented
housing stock would not last beyond the end of the BES period. Presents
a summary of the results of research into the first two years, followed
by the third year findings, where emphasis is placed on strategic
changes. Concludes that the BES moved further away from the government′s
original aim of boosting the long‐term supply of private rented housing.
The Berlin office market and the technical process of
restitution in a unified Germany
Authors: Duckworth Guy
Published: May 2006

Reports on the joint declaration made by the West and East German
governments on the Settlement of Unresolved Property Claims which became
part of the Unification Treaty in 1990 and established that expropriated
property owners should have a right to restitution. Describes the New
Investment Property Act, which supersedes previous legislation and which
has been designed to facilitate investment where there are title
problems. Suggests that this latest enactment represents a shift away
from a focus on restitution towards a desire to encourage property
investment.
Property Lending Survey 1993
Authors: Riley Mike , Isaac David
Published: May 2006

Describes a survey carried out by Chesterton Financial and the
University of Greenwich when 76 banks and financial institutions
responded to a written questionnaire. Summarises the results of
questions concerning their property investment and lending practices.
Offers several conclusions about investment and lending preferences.
Funding university student accommodation
Authors: Cohen Peter
Published: May 2006

Suggests that the explosion in demand by universities and colleges
for student accommodation is one of the very welcome “green
shots” in an otherwise very depressed UK property market. Examines
how effectively new demand has been catered for by the private‐sector
finance on offer. Concludes that in a troubled market universities and
colleges can negotiate attractive prices for themselves.
Some taxation aspects of property in recession
Authors: Whiscombe David
Published: May 2006

Suggests that the current property recession means that advisers
are now in the possibly unfamiliar position of dealing with the taxation
consequences of realised and unrealised losses on investment properties.
Highlights some relevant taxation points arising, and describes two
specific strategies which may be available. Concludes that one of these
strategies takes advantage of current depressed values to create a loss
for capital gains purposes; the other suggests a way of achieving relief
against income profits for capital losses.
Investing in information technology
Authors: Garbett Chris
Published: May 2006

Shows that investment in computers and IT can be a critical
investment decision, and that making the correct investment decision is
as important as choosing company location or selecting personnel.
Outlines the evaluation process, discussing factors such as budgetary
restraint, package versus bespoke solutions, leasing options,
technological change, and investment appraisal.
Commercial property lending: confidence survey
Authors: Riley Mike , Isaac David
Published: May 2006

Examines the position of confidence of commercial property lenders
as surveyed by the Chesterton Financial/CSW Confidence Barometer.
Describes the confidence barometer as being gauged on the response to a
number of questions on lenders′ perceptions of the market. Concludes
that there has been a dramatic increase in confidence from January 1993
to July 1993.
The move to floating exchange rates: prospects for
inflation and the implications for property values
Authors: Booth Philip M.
Published: May 2006

Considers the implications of the return to floating exchange rates
for future inflation. Analyses changes in investment yields in
conventional and index‐linked bond markets in order to estimate changes
in the inflation forecasts of investors and real yields required by
investors. Applies forecasts to commercial property markets to ascertain
possible long run effects on the property market of movements in other
markets. Concludes that information from other markets can be used in
the analysis of property investment.
Chateau Joseph: a case study in hotel conversions in France
Authors: Evans Alec H.
Published: May 2006

Examines one particular case of French chateau development
– Chateau Joseph. Considers the sources of capital, the
conversion process and how initial cost estimates had to be dramatically
revised upwards. Concludes that success in this sort of venture depends
on: familiarity with the local laws, assessing values correctly, raising
enough finance, and carrying out sufficient market research.
A comparison of property finance in France and the UK
Authors: Tinworth N.E.
Published: May 2006

Summarises the findings of a recent study undertaken to compare and
contrast property finance in France and the UK. Surmises that the extent
of banking lending to property companies in both countries is of similar
magnitude, but because of the results of recent property crashes bankers
in both countries are painfully aware of the importance of secure cash
flows when analysing prospective loans.
An evaluation of organisational policies and programmes in
urban and property regeneration within the West Midlands
Authors: Gower S.M. , Sagoo A.S. , Olomolaiye P.O.
Published: May 2006

Reports a structured evaluation of organisational policies and
programmes in context of whether or not co‐ordinated and coherent
policies, strategies, and programmes are being adopted to maximise the
opportunities of achieving successful long‐term regeneration. Suggest
that recent changes to such policies have rendered apparent improvements
in the way in which urban regeneration is organised and controlled.
Concludes that problems associated primarily with bureaucracy and
limited funds remain and must be overcome to achieve greater efficacy
and effectiveness.
Optimising property portfolio holdings: a scenario‐assisted
approach
Authors: Matysiak George A.
Published: May 2006

Suggests that in a climate of uncertainty, property investment
decisions need to be undertaken within a quantifiable risk and return
framework. Offers an analytical framework, considering a portfolio of
properties as an entity, to arrive at optimum risk and return trade‐offs
within the portfolio. Concludes that a scenario‐type approach can obtain
inputs and outlines its many uses.
Financial reporting exposure Draft 4
Authors: Ryland D.S.
Published: May 2006

Describes changes to the Financial Reporting Exposure Draft issued
by the Accounting Standards Board. Highlights risk as a significant
indication as to whether or not an entity has an asset. States that it
should be assumed that the parties will remain liquid and solvent unless
it can be reasonably foreseen that this will not be the case.
THE OPEN‐TO‐BUY SYSTEM AND ACCURATE PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT
Authors: Goodwin David R.
Published: May 2006

The objective of this research was to assess whether the
open‐to‐buy (OTB) system allows retail buyers to attain sales and profit
objectives and thus obtain the bonuses available for budget attainment.
The research used data from both Australia and New Zealand together with
specific information from a major department store. Concludes with a
recommendation that the traditional OTB system is in need of a major
review and outlines specific recommendations.
SATURATION AND INTERNATIONALIZATION: THE FUTURE OF GROCERY
RETAILING IN THE UK
Authors: Alexander Nicholas , Morlock William
Published: May 2006

Explores the future development of the “big five” UK
grocery retailers and their response to the challenges of the next
decade. Presents the results of a survey of manufacturers, analysts and
retailers, in which saturation and internationalization are the key
themes. Recounts how UK grocery retailers have not been in the forefront
of international retail activity – both non‐food UK retailers, and
continental European food retailers, have established stronger
international profiles. Suggests that the prospect of a saturated UK
grocery market faces the “big five”, and addresses the
question: when will opportunities in the UK become marginal, and how
will retailers react to that prospect?
Serving up Good Systems
Authors: Cook Jeff
Published: May 2006

The development and use of computer systems and technology has
moved on in the grocery sector from just buying packages or building
operational systems. Integration is crucial, and must be more than just
between systems. It is crucial that systems charges be integrated with
business changes, objectives, procedures and targets. Recommends good
practice for achieving a nourishing systems strategy: direct and
prioritize systems, redefine cross‐department roles and responsibilities
to make the best use of systems; learn from other grocers, retail peers
and other industry leaders; ensure that systems are developed to achieve
specific benefits, then target and monitor the benefits.
APPAREL PRODUCT DISSATISFACTION AND THE POST‐COMPLAINT
PROCESS
Authors: Kincade Doris H. , Redwine Ann , Hancock Gregory R.
Published: May 2006

Examines the consumer behaviours which result when an apparel
product fails and the situations of seeking, receiving, and satisfaction
with redress, in relation to the consumer′s intent to repurchase a brand
and to revisit a store. Results indicate a definite relationship and
have direct financial implications for retailers and apparel
manufacturers.
CHANGING RELATIONS IN THE RETAIL‐SUPPLY CHAIN: GEOGRAPHICAL
AND EMPLOYMENT IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Foord J. , Bowlby S. , Tillsley C.
Published: May 2006

Investigates changes in retail‐supply relations by drawing on
empirical research into the retail‐supply chain for two product areas:
women′s hosiery and bread. Discusses the implications of changes in
retail‐supply relations for three specific, though interdependent,
areas: the balance of power – between the major retailers and
their suppliers, between different retail capitals, and among
manufacturing suppliers in a particular product area; the consequences
for the geographical organization of the supply chain and the
counter‐tendencies of internationalization and localization of contract
supply; the impact of retail‐supply relations on the sectoral and
geographical distribution of employment. Concludes by briefly addressing
some of the implications of changes in the retail‐supply chain for local
economic development strategies.
RETAILING IN EASTERN EUROPE: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Seitz Helmut
Published: May 2006

Describes the economic situation and general structure of retailing
in Eastern Europe. Presents market research data on the organization of
retailing and wholesaling in the former Comecon countries with
inter‐country comparisons. Reviews future prospects of retailing in
these economies.
PHARMACIES: THE SEM AND RETAIL HARMONIZATION
Authors: Pioch Elke A. , Davies Barry J. , Bennison David
Published: May 2006

Assesses the likely impact of European legislation on the conduct of
pharmacy business in Britian and Germany. Examines the range of (proposed)
legislation and inferences drawn about its likely impact; compares the
differing national systems for the regulation of pharmacies and considers the
“fit” between these systems and the European framework; addresses
the possibilities for internationalization of the operations of pharmacies by
opening in the other country. Concludes that current proposals may impact on
British practices more severely. An apparent opportunity for expansion by
British firms in Germany is shown to be limited by the presence of major
drugstore chains in the German market, which are seen to have domestic
advantages over incoming firms. Summarizes the legislation connected with the
SEM and pharmacy in a Table showing anticipated consequences in the two
countries.
COPING WITH DISASTER
Authors: Weigler Mark
Published: May 2006

Reviews problems arising with insurance in respect to the very high
incidence of retail fires, with arson a major cause. Retailers must be aware
of policy requirements and minimize damage without starting remedial work.
Inadequately prepared claims are a problem and retailers need to assess their
loss and prepare claims properly, difficult when estimating consequential loss.
Claims preparation and negotiation with adjusters, forensic scientists and
accountants employed by the insurer may be assisted by the retailer using a
professional loss assessor who will also advise on reorganizational
requirements. The aim is to restore the retailer′s business in the shortest
possible time.
Exploring the Logistics Interface between Global and JIT Sourcing
Authors: Fawcett Stanley E. , Birou Laura M.
Published: May 2006

Two of the most pervasive trends in purchasing management during
the 1980s were the increased usage of global sourcing and the
development of JIT sourcing. Both practices have become quite popular
because of the significant competitive benefits they provide to the
firms that successfully implement them. Despite their increasingly
widespread adoption, these two sourcing strategies have traditionally
been viewed as incompatible; therefore, most firms have not sought to
integrate them in their efforts to enhance competitive position.
Explores the potential of using logistics to facilitate the concurrent
usage of global and JIT sourcing. Combines a conceptual discussion with
an empirical study to understand better the opportunities to develop
integrated global/JIT materials.
Industrial Dynamics Simulation Models in the Design of Supply Chains
Authors: Towill D.R. , Naim M.M. , Wikner J.
Published: May 2006

Reviews the dynamic operation of supply chains and reaches some
simple conclusions for reducing demand amplification, which consequently
attenuates swings in both production rates and stock levels. The results
are based on one particular supply chain, for which the use of systems
simplification techniques has generated valuable insight into supply
chain design. Although different strategies are compared for reducing
demand amplification as witnessed by one particular supply chain model,
the conclusions are nevertheless thought to have wide application and,
indeed, implication. Comments in depth on the significance of the
simulation results for the demand chain as a whole, and for the role of
an individual business within the chain. In the first instance, supply
chain integration, and in particular free exchange of information, is a
prerequisite for progress. In the second case, shows that reduction in
lead times throughout the supply chain via JIT is similarly beneficial.
Clearly pinpoints the limitation to supply chain improvement which can
be obtained as a result of using JIT alone. This can be an expensive and
ongoing process of improvement with many spin‐off benefits.
Nevertheless, shows that the improvement possible by JIT operation of an
individual business can be negated by the failure to design and manage
the supply chain dynamics as a total system. The message for an
individual business is thus quite specific. Not only must lead times be
reduced via JIT, but also the business must seek to be part of the right
supply chain, if it is to remain competitive and stable.
The Marketing System of the Manila International Container Terminal
Authors: Chan Cheung Ho Dick
Published: May 2006

Studies the marketing system of the Manila International Container
Terminal (MICT) in the Philippines. The data collection methods
comprised overseas trips to carry out unstructured field observation and
interviews, a nine‐item structured questionnaire, and unobtrusive
measures from Government statistical publications in four different
countries. In the data‐analysis process, the questionnaire data were
used to rank the importance of services required by major shipping lines
in order to formulate the appropriate marketing strategy. The Government
statistics data were used to test a hypothesis that Manila is more
cost‐effective as a transshipment centre compared with three other major
Asian ports. Testing of the hypothesis was based on the theory of
General Equilibrium. A response rate of 60 per cent was obtained from
the 30 mailed questionnaires. Finds that the most important services
required by the major shipping lines were: (1) berth availability, (2)
efficient operation, (3) cost. On the transshipment economics analysis,
the alternative hypothesis: It is more cost‐effective to use Manila as a
transshipment centre compared with Hong Kong, Kaohsiung and Singapore,
was found to be sustained. Notes, however, that, although Manila is
found to be the most cost‐effective on the whole system, Singapore is
the cheapest, when considering stevedoring cost only, while Hong Kong is
the cheapest when considering port charges and vessel‐steaming cost. On
the whole, the existing marketing strategy of MICT, as observed during
the various trips, was found to be sound and well‐justified.
Nevertheless, makes recommendations, based on the findings in this
study, aimed at increasing berth availability, ensuring efficient
operation and being cost‐competitive and effective.
Support of Successful Just‐in‐Time Implementation: The Changing Role of Purchasing
Authors: Felix Offodile O. , Arrington David
Published: May 2006

As more and more companies embark on the never‐ending journey of
continuous improvement and world‐class manufacturing, their success will
depend to a great extent on their ability to win the purchasing battle.
It is common knowledge that it is purchasing′s charge to oversee the
acquisition and delivery of inventoried materials in a company. In a
Just‐in‐Time (JIT) environment this traditional role of purchasing is
continually changing to support production and service. Purchasing now
emphasizes on‐time delivery of the right amount of competitively priced,
high quality products to the right place. Any variation in this doctrine
is considered wasteful under JIT. Discusses the strategic roles of JIT
purchasing by examining the responsibilities, functions, and methods
currently used by purchasing in the areas of vendor sourcing, transport,
and product development. Further identifies purchasing as one of the key
elements to a company′s competitiveness.
Consumer Electronic Products: Trends in European Distribution
Authors: Moffat Lindsay A.R.
Published: May 2006

Suggests that the restructuring of the European‐owned consumer
electronics industry, and the relocation of manufacturing plants within
Europe, will inevitably affect the distribution of their products.
Considers that the centralization of production capacity, and a move
away from country‐by‐country operations, will require major adjustments
to transport systems and that incomers may also need to establish new
systems of delivery from their new manufacturing points. Examines the
current logistics practices and future expectations of major consumer
electronics manufacturers operating in Europe, in the context of intense
competitive rivalry and changing market structures, using empirical data
gathered from companies operating in France, the United Kingdom and West
Germany. While there are national differences, the results indicate
growing involvement of multiple retailers in the distribution of
consumer electronic products, further contracting out of manufacturers′
logistical operations, and growing demands on all logistics systems as
order lead‐times continue to shorten.
Electronic Data Interchange: The Warehouse and Supplier Interface
Authors: Raney Mark A. , Walter Clyde Kenneth
Published: May 2006

Details an investigation into the extent to which electronic data
interchange (EDI) is used in warehouses to communicate with suppliers
(as opposed to customers). A questionnaire distributed to warehouse
managers was used. Reports results indicate that EDI is used to a large
extent in the warehousing function; in fact, warehousing personnel,
working with customers, contributed to the development of their firms′
EDI systems. While EDI use was strong on the outbound side, its use at
the warehouse‐supplier interface was relatively non‐existent. For
similar communications with suppliers, warehouse managers will need to
take the lead, as the development of the information‐exchange systems
appears to be customer‐driven.
Technology Strategy: EDI and Global Air Express
Authors: Ligon Gray C. , Schill Ronald L. , Patrick O′Donnell F.
Published: May 2006

Aims to provide a model of technology strategy, which shows how
firms can strategically plan for and adopt new information technology.
The critical issue in managing technology strategy is to assess the role
which it can play in enhancing the firm′s competitive position through
improving its value activities, which can provide sustainable
competitive advantage to the adopting firm and its business partners.
Utilizes the competitive strategy paradigm of technology strategy to
explore the strategic impact of electronic data interchange (EDI)
technology using the global air express industry as an example. This
industry provides an appropriate example for applying the paradigm
because firms competing in global markets must successfully address many
of those problems which are facing global air express firms. Other
industries can learn from the experience of air express firms′ use of
technology to improve their competitive performance.
Logistics Implications of an Integrated US‐Canada Market
Authors: Taylor John C. , Closs David J.
Published: May 2006

Trade restrictions; border crossing difficulties, and company
organizational structures have limited historical cross‐border
distribution activity. The result, generally, is two or three
independent distribution systems to support North American logistics
operations. With the completion of the US‐Canada Free Trade Act, many of
these limitations are being reduced. It is now time for firms to refine
their distribution networks to respond to this new environment. The
major changes that firms must consider are distribution centre locations
and manufacturing supply points. The factors that influence these
changes are country/market integration, duty levels, and cross‐border
transportation rates. Reports on the results of food industry
simulations that consider multiple levels of integration, duties, and
cross‐border rates. The results compare the number of distribution
centres and the total cost of each network, and generally indicate that
there are no significant changes in distribution system network design
resulting from US‐Canada Free Trade. The minor changes which are
observed include Toronto serving the Eastern US and Seattle serving
Western Canada. The cost differences are not significant. The results
also indicate that there is no significant economic motivation for
cross‐border logistics activity until duties are eliminated and
cross‐border transportation rates decline by 10 per cent.
The Buying Behaviour of Air Freight Forwarders
Authors: Lillie Mark , Sparks Leigh
Published: May 2006

Reports on an investigation of the buying behaviour of air freight
forwarders and tests the validity of one particular model of buying
behaviour. The dominant buyclass in freight forwarding is seen to be a
modified rebuy and the model is seen to be appropriate. The significance
of service rather than price is again noted as a factor for business
exploitation.
Contracting out the Physical Distribution Function: A Trade‐off between Asset Specificity and Performance Measurement
Authors: Aertsen Freek
Published: May 2006

Discusses the question of whether a firm should set up an
own‐account physical distribution organization or contract out the
distribution function. Shows how the concepts of transaction cost
economics, particularly asset specificity and performance ambiguity, can
shed light on the division of responsibility for the physical
distribution function between in‐house operations and outside
contractors.
A Comprehensive Review of Production Lot‐sizing
Authors: Eftekharzadeh Reza
Published: May 2006

A comprehensive review of the literature for the problem of
lot‐size scheduling (serial and assembly) considering the uncapacitated
problem and complicated capacitated assembly manufacturing structure.
Analyses the different solution techniques and findings for each product
set.
Supplier Selection Using Multi‐objective Programming: A Decision Support System Approach
Authors: Weber Charles A. , Ellram Lisa M.
Published: May 2006

Explores the use of a multi‐objective programming approach as a
method for supplier selection in a just‐in‐time (JIT) setting. Based on
a case study, develops a model of JIT supplier selection which allows
for simultaneous trade‐offs of price, delivery and quality criteria. The
analysis occurs in a decision support system environment. A
multi‐objective programming decision support system is seen as
advantageous because such an environment allows for judgement in
decision making while simultaneously trading off key supplier selection
criteria. An additional flexibility of this model is that it allows a
varying number of suppliers into the solution, and provides suggested
volume allocation by supplier.
New Technology: Its Effects on International Distribution Systems of LDCs
Authors: Fraedrich John , Cherry John
Published: May 2006

Reviews current software and hardware as it relates to distribution
systems. Presents an organizing framework in order to identify the
impact of technological innovations on firms operating in
lesser‐developed countries as they consider adoption of such
innovations. Discusses the choice between new technologies and the
continued use of unskilled labour. Suggestions are made for LDCs
concerning the continued balance of competitive advantage.
Factors Influencing Freight Service Choice for Shippers and Freight Suppliers
Authors: Matear Sheelagh , Gray Richard
Published: May 2006

Examines the factors which are important in the choice of freight
services for both shippers and freight suppliers and explores whether
the service choice decision is based on different sets of criteria for
the two groups and further, whether freight suppliers use different
criteria in selecting sea and air transport services. Principal
components analysis is used to elicit the factors important in freight
service choice. Carrier timing and price characteristics are more
important for freight shippers while performance and schedule are more
important for freight suppliers purchasing sea services and a
combination of schedule and space is more important for freight
suppliers purchasing air services. Discusses strategic implications for
marketing.
European Logistics Systems Employed by UK Manufacturing Companies
Authors: Taylor David H. , Probert Susan
Published: May 2006

Presents the results of a survey of 52 UK‐based manufacturing
companies to analyse the supply chain problems faced by the companies in
relation to serving European markets. On the basis of the research a
typology of supply chains has been developed and firms classified
accordingly. Results show that, to the majority of companies, basic
operational issues are of paramount importance and few are giving
consideration to the broader strategic issues of European supply chain
management.
Microcomputers versus Mainframes: Use among Logistics and Marketing Professionals
Authors: Mentzer John T. , Gandhi Nimish
Published: May 2006

One concern for logistics managers is the use of new technology.
Such an example of technology utilization is the use of computers by
managers in logistics. Investigates the nature and extent to which
mainframe and personal computers are used by logistics management, in
contrast to the related business area of marketing. National samples of
logistics and marketing professionals responded to a mail survey
questionnaire to test hypotheses concerning factors related to the
availability of different computer equipment in their organizations and
differences between logistics and marketing professionals′ computer
access and sources for learning to use computers. The results document
widespread availability of sophisticated technology, although the
logistics professionals appear to lead the marketing professionals in
availability of various hardware. Logistics and marketing professionals
also use different methods to learn the use of computers. Further,
corporate size and industry are related to computer access. Discusses
the implications of these findings.
Selecting International Freight Forwarders: An Expert Systems Application
Authors: Özsomer Aysegül , Mitri Michel , Tamer Cavusgil S.
Published: May 2006

The recent changes in the international forwarding environment have
witnessed the emergence of “new forms” of forwarders
incorporating a broad spectrum of services under one roof. Such total
logistics companies are becoming a critical third party in obtaining a
competitive advantage in foreign markets. Hence, the evaluation and
selection of an international freight forwarder is no longer a simple
operational decision but a strategic one. Presents and explains an
expert systems tool to assist decision makers in selecting the freight
forwarder which fits their needs best. The system, called FREIGHT,
brings together international marketing, logistics and artificial
intelligence knowledge.
Use of Analytic Hierarchic Process for Evaluating Sources of Supply
Authors: Mohanty R.P. , Deshmukh S.G.
Published: May 2006

Presents an application of analytic hierarchic process (AHP) for
evaluating the sources of supply in a materials management situation.
Evaluation of alternative sources is an unstructured decision problem
involving multiple factors and attributes generic at different levels.
In order to facilitate decision support to the materials managers, an
all encompassing effective analysis is needed to determine the right
supply source so as to be compatible with the organizational objectives.
It seems that AHP helps in providing such a decision support.
The Freight Transport Market: Buyer‐Seller Relationships and Selection Criteria
Authors: Whyte James L.
Published: May 2006

In the UK the last decade has been a period in which the supply of
freight transport services has generally exceeded demand, while both the
characteristics of the transport managers, who are the industry′s
customers, and organizational variables, which affect their behaviour,
have changed. Examines how these changes have altered the duration of
relationships with hauliers, the factors which determine haulier
selection and the relative importance of the different aspects of
service provided by hauliers. Shows that, although buyers value
long‐term relationships, they are more active in the market than they
were, dropping many and taking on new hauliers where appropriate. While
service remains the most important selection determinant, price has
become a factor of major importance. Furthermore, the relative
importance of the different aspects of service has changed, with
“flexibility” and “understanding of problems”
ranking above some of the more traditional variables. While buyers
perceive themselves as demanding customers, they attempt to manage their
relationships with suppliers by creating an atmosphere which emphasizes
collaboration. Concludes with recommendations for suppliers and with a
discussion of the relevance of the IMP Group′s Interaction Model to the
freight transport market.
Supporting Global Operations through Logistics and Purchasing
Authors: Fawcett Stanley E. , Birou Laura , Cofield Taylor Barbara
Published: May 2006

The development of co‐ordinated global manufacturing is an
important approach to enhancing competitiveness. However, global
manufacturing strategies provide the greatest competitive advantage when
they are appropriately supported through key value‐added logistics and
purchasing activities. Examines the relationship between global
manufacturing and strategic advantage, emphasizing the need to establish
adequate logistics and purchasing support. Presents a conceptual
overview of the topic and reports the results of a survey‐based
empirical study. Objectives are to examine the state of current
logistics and purchasing practice as they relate to supporting the
global network, and to evaluate the performance of these key activities
as they support global operations.
Logistics Strategies for Global Businesses
Authors: Cooper James C.
Published: May 2006

As businesses continue to globalize, attention has increasingly
turned to logistics. Examines global logistics in depth, beginning with
a brief overview, to provide a working context. Discusses the
development of global logistics strategy, taking a bottom‐up approach.
Assesses the effects of product‐market characteristics on strategy
formulation and evaluates logistics strategy at business unit or company
level. Considers the implications of global logistics strategies,
detailing the critical success factors which apply and highlighting the
need for organizational change.