bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction and rehabilitation of atrophic partial edentulous maxillary ridge: Complications and stability
Authors: Durrani Farhan , Imran Fouzia , Jayaprakash Vishnu , Taslim Aabida
Published: September 2023

The esthetics is an essential aspect for an acceptable outcome to a predictable implant therapy. The periodontal disease often destroys the periodontium around the affected teeth. Since the underlying bone act as a scaffold for the soft tissue drape and there is a complex interplay of resorptive events. This establishes the need to meticulously manage tissue deficits, especially in the aesthetic zone. In our report, we describe smile rejuvenation for controlled young periodontitis subject. There was considerable anterior partial ridge atrophy along with severe insufficient gingival volume. Guided bone regeneration was performed to regain the three-dimensional bone volume and mucogingival plastic surgery further corrected the soft tissue architecture around the implant prosthesis. This report highlights the complications associated with reconstruction, rehabilitation, and tissue engineering for partial atrophic ridge in a young subject suffering from controlled periodontitis.
Efficacy of demineralized bone matrix for maxillary sinus lift with implant retained prosthetic rehabilitation: A prospective evaluation
Authors: Krishnaprabhu Rajkumar , Shadamarshan R. Arunkumar , Chowdhury Sanjay Kumar Roy
Published: September 2023

Context:

Several materials have been used for maxillary sinus augmentation for subsequent implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation. No perfect material has been identified for the purpose.

Aims:

The aim of the study is to clinically and radiographically evaluate the use of Sterile Demineralized bone matrix (Osseograft™) for maxillary sinus augmentation and subsequent implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation.

Subject and Methods:

Sinus augmentation and implant placement were carried out in 20 patients with Osseograft™. Using intraoral periapical radiographs, radiographic implant length (rIL), residual bone height at the mesial (mRBH) and distal (dRBH) aspects of the implant, Height of the graft apically (aGH) were measured. Residual bone height (RBH) =Mean of mRBH and dRBH, implant penetration (IP) = difference between rIL and RBH, the extent of the sinus lift (SL) = sum of IP and aGH were calculated and a qualitative assessment of maturation was performed using the Sinus Grafting Remodeling Index (SGRI).

Statistical Analysis Used:

Descriptive statistics.

Results:

The mean RBH immediately after surgery was 6.81 mm. The mean IP length was 5.45 mm. The mean aGH was 3.21 mm. The mean Extent of the SL was 8.89 mm. At 3 months and 06 months, the mean aGH was 2.68 mm and 2.57 mm. The mean SL at 3 months and 06 months was 7.84 mm and 7.73 mm. The SGRI was 1 in all cases immediately postsurgery; between 1 and 2 at the end of 3 months; 2 in 15 cases and 1 in 4 cases at the end of 6 months.

Conclusions:

Osseograft™ can be used as an effective material for sinus augmentation with minimal complications and morbidity to the patient.
Challenges and complications in endosseous dental implant – An analysis with case illustrations
Authors: Srinath N , Chowdary Ramesh , Damodar N. Akhila
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this article is to illustrate with case representation of complications that have been reported in conjunction with endosseous root form implants. On review of back volume on implant complication, the most common implant complications are peri-implantitis, hemorrhage, damage to vital structure, loss of implant, inability to rehabilitation, implant body, and component fracture. Successful implant rehabilitation is followed by meticulous case preparation and surgical protocol. Case examination can summarize certain challenges that may compromise implant success. We had focused on clinical data over a period of 15 years, regarding the management of challenges in implants and failure/complications in implant rehabilitation. The complications can be categorized into the following 2 categories: (1) surgical complications and (2) prosthetic complications.
Effectiveness of a Structured Orientation Program for Medical Interns in Increasing the Awareness of Informed Consent
Authors: Suprasanna K , Anand R , Harakuni Sheetal , Ravikiran S R
Published: September 2023

Background

Informed consent has medicolegal implications and is imperative in presentday medical practice.

Aims and Objectives

The objectives of this study were to estimate the awareness regarding informed consent in interns and to determine the effectiveness of sessions in interns’ orientation programs about informed consent.

Materials and Methods

Pretest–Posttest study was conducted with a validated questionnaire distributed through Google Forms to interns attending the orientation program at our institute. Responses were recorded on the Likert scale (−2 to + 2). Paired t-test was used to compare the mean pretest and posttest scores. The number of interns with a positive score (+1, +2) for every question in pretest and posttest were also compared.

Results

One hundred and seventyone out of 232 interns who attended the program submitted both pretest and posttest responses. In the pretest, 12 interns scored < 50% and 46 interns scored more than 75%. A significant increase in posttest responses was seen in the mean score (P < 0.001) and questions related to consent in research, radiological investigations, regarding the need for consent in the additional nonlifesaving procedure. There was an increase in the number of interns having a positive score (+1, +2) for all the questions in posttest as compared to pretest, but a statistically significant increase was seen in questions related to consent in ultrasound and need for consent in the additional nonlifesaving procedure.

Conclusion

A wellstructured interns’ orientation program is effective in improving awareness regarding consent. Certain gaps in knowledge regarding various aspects of consent need to be emphasized.
Sex Determination using Primary and Permanent Teeth under Different Environment Conditions: A Deoxyribonucleic Acid-based Study
Authors: Dubey Jaya , Shah Jigna S.
Published: September 2023

Aims

The purpose of this study was to determine the sex of primary and permanent tooth pulp tissue under different environmental conditions using deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) analysis and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification method.

Materials and Methods

For this study, 40 permanent and primary teeth (20 males and 20 females) that were scheduled for extraction were used. For 6 months, the teeth were divided into four groups of ten (5 males and 5 females) based on different environmental conditions. The pulp was extracted from each tooth, DNA was isolated using QIAGEN’s DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit, and sex was determined using a PCR technique.

Results

DNA was extracted from all 40 samples subjected to various environmental conditions, but sex was correctly determined in only 90% of the samples.

Conclusions

PCR-based sex determination using primary and permanent teeth under different environmental conditions for up to 6 months is a reliable technique with high accuracy.
Genetic Approaches for Sex Determination of Chinese Female with Male Pseudohermaphroditism
Authors: Lai Li , Huang Xiaoli , Zhang Shuning , Wu Yichen , Yang Siyuan , Zhu Zonglin
Published: September 2023

Male pseudohermaphroditism is a rare disorders of sex development (DSD) that is manifested by a female-like appearance or incompletely differentiated external genitalia in an individual with a Y chromosome. In this paper, we report our investigation of the case of a 33-year-old Chinese female who was diagnosed with a malignant mixed germ-cell tumor of the ovary. To confirm the sex of the female, we utilized genetic approaches to detect amelogenin and Y-STR loci. Y chromosome microdeletion was performed to identify existing deletions in the AZF regions and SRY. Chromosome karyotyping and whole-exome sequencing (WES) were then applied to reveal the deletion of sex chromosome segments and pathogenic variations in DNA sequences. Using DNA-STR genotyping, we detected both AMEL-X and AMEL-Y fragments. We also found haplotype Y-STR loci and detected all alleles. Furthermore, no microdeletion was detected in the AZF regions and SRY. The chromosome karyotyping was 46, XY. WES revealed a transversion mutation of 58T → C in the androgen receptor exon 1, which could be the pathogenic variant in this case of abnormal sexual development. Sex determination in forensic DNA typing is based on the amelogenin system. It is important that forensic biologists should master various genetic approaches to overcome the issue of gender ambiguity caused by DSDs.
Gross and Histopathological Changes in Gastrointestinal Tract in Cases of Acute Transoral Paraquat Poisoning
Authors: Bala Moumita , Dutta Sayak Sovan , Roy Anup Kumar , Chattopadhyay Saurabh , Chunakar Ankita
Published: September 2023

Background and Justification

Paraquat is one of the easily available household poisons and has become an easy source of committing suicide, especially in rural India including in West Bengal where it is used as a “weedkiller.” Out of the fatal 272 poisoning cases where autopsies were done at NRSMCH Morgue in the year 2019, 56.6% of cases died due to transoral paraquat poisoning. Though adequate literature is available showing gross and microscopic changes in lungs, liver, and kidneys following transoral paraquat poisoning, data showing the effect of the poison in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is limited though its detrimental effects on the GI tract are associated with increased morbidity.

Objectives

The objectives of the study were to assess the gross and histopathological changes in different parts of the GI Tract involving lips, tongue, esophagus, and stomach in paraquat death cases brought for autopsy in NRSMCH Morgue, Kolkata, to fill the gap in the existing literature to a certain extent.

Methods

The study was a descriptive, cross-sectional study that was done over 5 months and during which we got 38 cases based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results

Macroscopically Congestion with erosion and hemorrhage was seen mostly in the stomach followed by the esophagus. Histopathologically desquamation was the consistent finding in all organs attributed to the corrosive property of the paraquat solution. Chronic inflammatory cell infiltrations are predominantly seen in the tongue followed by the esophagus and lips. Hyperplasia of the surface epithelium was noticeable mostly in the esophagus followed by the tongue and lips but not in the stomach. Involvement of Distortion of glandular architecture in the stomach outnumbers the other organs, followed by the tongue. Necrotic changes were limited to the stomach and esophagus only. Both ulceration and necrotic changes were predominantly limited to the lowermost part of the esophagus than its rest portion, mainly at the junction of the esophagus and stomach where the surface epithelium shifted from squamous to columnar variety.

Conclusion

The result of the study can be utilized by healthcare professionals to prepare proper medical/surgical interventions to reduce mortality and morbidity in transoral paraquat poisoning cases concerning GI complications.
Patterns of Violence Experienced by Women Victims of Domestic Violence in Bengaluru City: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Jyothsna K. A. , Shetty Kannappa V. , Kumar Sanjeev , Ganeshan Mahesh
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Domestic violence has negative effects on the physical health and mental health of women. Domestic violence takes various forms physical, psychological, sexual, and emotional abuse. Many organizations are working with women and their families to prevent and reduce instances of violence. The current study aimed to understand the various patterns of violence among women victims of domestic violence.

Materials and Methods

The sample of 30 women approaching the women’s helpline, in Bengaluru was considered for the study using a cross-sectional design. The interview schedule for assessing patterns of violence was used. Descriptive statistics were used for analyzing the data.

Results

The majority of the respondents (50%) were in the age group of 20–29 years, more than half (53.3%) were homemaker and the majority (70%) stayed in nuclear family structures. More than one-fourth reported severe physical violence such as pushing, slapping, and punching. Most of the respondents reported husbands to be perpetrators of violence, 60% reported violence as a habit, and the majority reported dowry harassment as the reason for violence.

Conclusion

Mental health professionals need to work on the root cause of habitual violence and dowry harassment perpetrated by the spouse and empower the victims.
Triple-Vessel Coronary Artery Aneurysms Following Drug-Eluting Stents
Authors: Sathyamurthy Immaneni , Kirubakaran K. , Srinivasan Kanthallu Narayanamoorthy , Subramanian Sasikala
Published: September 2023

Coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs) after drug-eluting stents are rare. They can be found during routine angiograms when asymptomatic or present with acute coronary syndromes. We report a case of multiple CAAs who presented 8 years after the initial stenting. Left anterior descending artery was the culprit vessel and managed with restenting.
The Fellow Eye of Retinal Detachment Patients: Vision and Clinical Presentation
Authors: Ibanga A , Okonkwo ON , Ovienria W , Oyekunle I , Akanbi T , Nkanga D , Agweye C , Adenuga O , Udoh M , Collaborative Retinal Research Network (CRRN) Study Report
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

The fellow eye of a retinal detachment is at risk of developing a retinal detachment and other visually debilitating disease.

Aim:

To investigate the rate of bilaterality of retinal detachment (RD), the presenting visual acuity (VA), and the presence of ocular morbidity in the fellow eye of patients with RD.

Patients and Methods:

A multicenter, prospective, cross-sectional study examining the fellow eye of consecutive patients who were diagnosed with different types of RD. The patients were seen within one year and examined in four Nigerian eye hospitals and clinics. Demographics, VA, and clinical findings at the presentation were reported on examination of the fellow eyes.

Results:

Twenty-seven (11.4%) out of 237 patients (264 eyes) had an RD in the fellow eye. The mean age of all study patients was 46.2 ± 16.8 years, M/F: 161 (67.9%)/76 (32.1%). The rates of bilaterality for rhegmatogenous, exudative, and tractional RDs were 4.2%, 11.1%, and 31.1%, respectively. Diagnosis of RD in an eye was associated with a risk of developing fellow eye rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) (P < 0.001) and tractional RD (P < 0.001), respectively. RRD in an eye was associated with a 17% risk of developing RD in the fellow eye (β = −1.6, OR = 0.202, P < 0.001). The BCVA in the fellow eye of the three types of RD varied significantly (P < 0.001). The fellow eye was blind in 25.2% of RRD, 54.1% of tractional retinal detachment (TRD), and 11.1% of exudative retinal detachment (ERD). Bilateral RD eyes were blind in RRD (85.7%), TRD (71.1%), and ERD (50%). One hundred and seven eyes (40.5%) of the total 264 RD eyes studied had other fellow eye events at the presentation.

Conclusion:

A patient with an RD in one eye is at significant risk of developing a blinding RD in the fellow eye. This risk varies with the type of RD and is highest with TRD. However, RRD, the commonest type of RD, can benefit from prophylactic treatment to the fellow eye RD predisposing lesions.
Is Testicular Tissue Resection Effective in Testicular Compartment Syndrome?
Authors: Caniklioğlu M , Oztekin Ü , Fırat F , Ataç F , Doğanyigit Z , Oflamaz A Okan
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

There have been many testicular losses due to testicular compartment syndrome (TCS). Studies are ongoing to lower the pressure within tunica vaginalis during TCS.

Aims:

To provide enough space for reperfusion of the testicular tissue and to reduce intratesticular pressure by resecting testicular tissue in the affected testis for treatment of TCS.

Materials and Methods:

The study was designed as a prospective randomized animal study. A total of 24 Wistar albino adult rats were randomly divided into three groups. After torsion surgery group 1 underwent detorsion + testicular tissue resection (TTR), while only detorsion was performed in group 2. The control group did not undergo any procedures. At the postoperative 5th day all subjects were sacrificed, and their testes were evaluated in terms of histologic findings, apoptosis, and microangiogenesis. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test were used for analysis.

Results:

According to Johnsen scores, all the groups were statistically different from each other and the damage in group 1 was less than in group 2 (P < 0.05). Factor VIII expressions in surgical groups were significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.05). However, the surgical groups did not show any significant difference between each other (P > 0.05). Apoptotic cell counts were higher in both surgical groups than in the control group. Also, there was significantly higher apoptotic cell count in group 2 than in group 1 (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

The injury secondary to TCS is lower when TTR is performed. In the cases in which tunica vaginalis graft could not be obtained or in the delayed cases, TTR may be useful.
Scaling Up Numbers and Competency of Graduating Medical and Dental Students in Nigeria: Need to Improve Medical Trainers’ Competency in Teaching
Authors: Yarhere IE , Ogundipe O , Williams A , Farouk AG , Raji Y , Makanjuola V , Adeboye MAN
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

With the increasing medical brain drain in Nigeria, there is a need to train and graduate more doctors to fill in the gaps created to mitigate the effects. To meet this goal, the trainers need to evolve and have the competency to deliver quality training for many more enrollees in medical schools.

Aim:

This study aimed to gather information about the perception of medical teachers’ need to obtain certification in medical education and what this will achieve in scaling up the competency and number of graduating medical doctors.

Subjects and Methods:

Medical teachers in Nigeria participated in this mixed (quantitative and qualitative) study. Four hundred medical consultants and teachers were randomly selected and sent a semi-structured pre-validated questionnaire; also, a panel discussion was conducted with six medical teachers with other special assignments in universities and postgraduate colleges. Quantitative data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 24, differences in proportions were calculated using the Chi-square test, and P values <0.05 were considered significant.

Results:

Two hundred and thirty-eight (59.5%) participants completed the form, 63 (26.5%) had practiced for <5 years, and 114 (47.9%) had >10 years of practice experience. A majority of 168 (70.6%) were physician lecturers in federal or state universities, and 15.5% had obtained certifications of any kind in medical education. Over 80% perceived that medical education training should not be a prerequisite to teach, but a similar percentage believed that faculty medical education training can help scale up the training competency and the number of graduating medical doctors.

Conclusion:

To scale up the number and competency of graduating medical doctors, medical teachers need to acquire core teaching competency. The respondents and discussants believe that when these core teaching competencies have been fully developed, it will be easier to increase the number of medical students’ enrollees, teach them their curriculum through innovations, and graduate them with improved competencies.
Effect of Chlorhexidine and Benzalkonium Chloride on the Long-term Push-out Bond Strength of Fiber Posts
Authors: Hazar A , Akgül S , Hazar E
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim:

Fiber posts are widely used in endodontically treated teeth with extensive loss of coronal structure. The purpose of this study was to investigate immediate and the long-term effects of chlorhexidine (CHX) and benzalkonium chloride (BAC) application, on the push-out bond strength of fiber posts.

Material and Methods:

Sixty mandibular premolars were decoronated, and root canal treatment was performed. After post space preparation, the specimens were divided into three groups according to the post space-surface pretreatment (n = 20); no surface treatment (control group—Group 1), 2% CHX application (Group 2), and 1% BAC application (Group 3). A self-curing adhesive cement and an etch and rinse adhesive were used for the cementation of posts. Three sections (one cervical, one middle, and one apical) of 1 mm thickness were prepared from each specimen. A push-out test was performed immediately on the half of the specimen sections (n = 10). The other half of the specimen sections were subjected to 20.000 thermal cycles before applying the push-out test (n = 10). The failure mode of each specimen was observed under a stereomicroscope at ×40 magnification.

Results:

The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey Honestly significant difference (HSD), and Tamhane tests (P = 0.05). The cervical thirds displayed the highest, and the apical thirds showed the lowest values in all groups (P < 0.05), except the control-aged group (P = 0.554). The aged control groups’ values were found to be significantly lower than the aged CHX and BAC groups (P < 0.001). Aging significantly reduced the bond strength values of specimens in control groups (P < 0.001). However, aging did not significantly affect the push-out bond strength values of CHX and BAC groups (P > 0.050). The failure types were adhesive between the post and cement (type 1) in all groups, except control-aged group (type 2).

Conclusion:

The application of 2% chlorhexidine or 1% BAC may be an essential step that can be taken to preserve the bond strength of fiber posts.
The Relationship between Social Achievement Goals and Self-Esteem, Depression and Anxiety among Medical School Students
Authors: Başkaya O , Baykan H , Can M Şahin
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Social achievement goals such as the desire to receive positive feedback from the social environment or avoid negative feedback are situations that affect an individual’s quality of life and predispose them to mental disorders.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between social achievement goals and self-esteem, depression, and anxiety in medical school students.

Materials and Methods:

400 participants, 201 of whom were female volunteers, between the ages of 18-30, studying at the Faculty of Medicine were evaluated. Sociodemographic Data Form, Social Achievement Goal Orientation Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Inventory Sub-Scale were applied to the participants.

Results:

A negative correlation between social development goals and depression (rs = -0.218, P < 0.001) and anxiety (rs = -0.188, P < 0.001), and a positive correlation with self-esteem (P = 0.002) were found. A statistically significant and positive correlation between social performance-avoidance goals and depression (rs = 0.233, P < 0.001) and anxiety (rs = 0.245, P < 0.001), and still statistically significant, and negative relationship with self-esteem (P = 0.001) were found. While social performance-approach goals were positively correlated with anxiety (rs = 0.192, P < 0.001) and depression (rs = 0.108, P = 0.03), no statistically significant correlation was found with self-esteem (P = 0.129).

Conclusion:

It has been seen that our study generally supports the other studies in the literature concerning the relations between social achievement goal subgroups and self-esteem, depression, and anxiety in university students. It will be possible to contribute to the findings with studies encompassing university students from different cities and departments and studies with a large number of participants other than students.
44-Year Temporal Trends and Causes of Maternal Mortality at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, LUTH, Lagos, Nigeria (1976-2019)
Authors: Olamijulo JA , Olorunfemi G , Osman HA , Ugwu AO , Omole-Mathew J
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Nigeria has committed to global initiatives aimed at improving maternal and child health. Institutional audit of maternal mortality over a long period can provide useful information on the trends in maternal death and the impact of interventions.

Aim:

To evaluate the trends in annual deliveries, maternal mortality ratio and causes of maternal death at a tertiary institution in Nigeria over a period of 44 years (1976–2019).

Materials and Methods:

We conducted a temporal trend analysis of annual births, maternal deaths, maternal mortality ratio (MMR), and ranking of causes of maternal deaths at a Teaching Hospital, in Southwest Nigeria using available data from 1976 to 2019. Overall and segmental annual percent change (APC) of the observed trends were conducted using Joinpoint version 4.5.0.1 software.

Results:

Over the 44-year study period, 1323 maternal deaths occurred at approximately 30 maternal deaths per annum. There was a four-fold increase in MMR from 881/100,000 total births in 1976 to 3389.8/100,000 total births in 2019, at an average increase of 3.1% per annum. (APC: 3.1%; P value < 0.001). The leading causes of maternal mortality were hypertension, sepsis, haemorrhage, and abortion, which together contributed to more than 70% of maternal deaths. All the leading causes of maternal deaths except abortion had constant ranking during the study period.

Conclusion:

The four-fold increase in MMR at our hospital from 1976–2019 is worrying and may suggest that previous efforts at reducing maternal mortality in our institution did not lead to significant improvement toward the attainment of Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG3). The hospital increasingly managed complex cases especially the unbooked patients who were referred to the hospital as a last resort.
COVID-19 in Renal Transplant Patients – A Narrative Review
Authors: Valecha Jayesh , Gupta Vasu , Mendpara Vaidehi , Snyder Carson Eric , Anamika Fnu , Parikh Kinna , Mahmood Talha , Garg Shreya , Jain Rohit
Published: September 2023

The World Health Organisation declared the novel coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 a pandemic in March 2020. This virus has led to the deaths of more than 6 million people worldwide. Besides causing pneumonia, COVID-19 is linked to multiple organ dysfunction, including the kidneys, especially in individuals whose immune systems are already compromised. Consequently, individuals who are currently on a waiting list for a kidney transplant or who have recently received a kidney transplant are at a significantly increased risk for developing acute kidney injury and are severely impacted by the COVID-19 infection. The pandemic has negatively affected the transplantation process and led to a decrease in the number of organ donations as well as the volume of renal transplants. This review summarises the outcomes of COVID-19 infection in renal transplant patients, its pathophysiology, the challenges faced by the transplant community, and the management of immunosuppression.
Prevalence, Outcome, and Predictors of Placenta Migration among Pregnant Women with Placenta Praevia in Enugu Nigeria
Authors: Umeh Uchenna Anthony , Umeh Chioma Roseline , Obi Samuel Nnamdi , Nwankwo Theophilus Ogochukwu , Obuba Chudi Igwe , Ezugwu Euzebus
Published: September 2023

Background:

Placenta praevia is one of the leading causes of obstetric haemorrhages and a major contributor to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Although low-lying placentae are common during routine midtrimester anomaly scans, the incidence of placenta praevia at term remains low, probably due to placenta migration. It is important to follow-up pregnant women with low-lying placentae to identify the few whose placenta will remain in the lower segment and hence at risk of major obstetric haemorrhage.

Aim:

The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, predictors, and pregnancy outcome of low-lying placenta diagnosed in the midtrimester.

Materials and Methods:

The study was a cohort study with longitudinal follow-up of 416 pregnant women from the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, and Mother of Christ Specialist Hospital who had an ultrasound diagnosis of low-lying placentae between 16 weeks and 20 weeks of gestation. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

The prevalence of low-lying placenta at 20, 24, 28, 32, and 36 weeks of gestation was 51%, 41.3%, 22.3%, 12.7%, and 10.5%, respectively. 87.3% of those with low-lying placenta had normally situated placenta at term. Previous caesarean section and male gender were significant predictors of placenta praevia at delivery (P < 0.001 and P = 0.03, respectively).

Conclusion:

Despite the high prevalence of low-lying placenta before 20 weeks of gestation, only a few of these placentas remain low-lying at term. Previous caesarean section and male gender were significant predictors of placenta praevia at delivery. This study recommends a routine ultrasound scan in the second or third trimester for placenta localisation.
Pregnancy-associated Plasma Protein-A, Progesterone, and Oestriol Levels and Some Birth Outcomes in HIV-seropositive Pregnant Women at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria
Authors: Okwara John Ekenedirichukwu , Ahaneku Joseph Eberendu , Onyenekwe Charles Chinedum , Udigwe Gerald Okanandu , Ikechebelu Joseph Ifeanyichukwu , Okwara Emmanuel Chidiebere , Okwara Nuratu Adejumoke , Onuegbu Jude Anaelechi , Olisekodiaka Japhet Madu
Published: September 2023

Background:

Pregnancy is associated with biochemical alterations and may be compounded by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection potentially affecting pregnancy outcome such as birth weight, Apgar score, and foetal viability (stillbirth or intrauterine foetal death [IUFD]).

Aims:

This prospective case–control study evaluated some biochemical parameters and their possible effects on pregnancy outcome in HIV-seropositive subjects.

Patients, Materials and Methods:

The study involved 136 HIV seropositives on highly active antiretroviral therapy and 137 HIV-seronegative pregnant women, recruited from the Antenatal Clinic of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), oestriol (E3), and progesterone were analysed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, and the delivery outcomes were reported.

Results:

Progesterone was significantly higher (P = 0.002) in HIV-seropositive individuals (59.3 ± 17.84 ng/mL) compared to controls (54.89 ± 8.24 ng/mL). There were no significant differences in the levels of E3 and PAPP-A between the two groups. In HIV seronegatives, there were no significant changes in measured biochemical parameters between trimesters (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in measured biochemical parameters between subjects with IUFD and subjects with live births (P > 0.05) for both the test and control groups. Subjects with significantly lower PAPP-A in HIV seropositives had babies with higher Apgar score. The incidence of IUFD was 7.31% among HIV seropositives and 7.47% among HIV seronegatives.

Conclusion:

HIV infection affects some biochemical indices such as progesterone and PAPP-A but does not adversely affect pregnancy outcomes in HIV seropositives under antiretroviral therapy.
Case Report of Ectopic Pregnancy Occurring in the Tubal Stump after a Previous Salpingectomy
Authors: Isikhuemen Maradona E. , Kubeyinje Weyinmi E.
Published: September 2023

Tubal stump ectopic pregnancy is rare but a potentially life-threatening condition. A high index of suspicion is required for early diagnosis and effective treatment, thereby minimising morbidity associated with this type of abnormal pregnancy. The aim of this report was to document a rare case of repeat ectopic pregnancy in the tubal stump following previous salpingectomy. We report a 35-year-old para 1+1 with one living child who had one previous right salpingectomy for ruptured right ectopic pregnancy. She presented with complaint of abdominal pain of one-day duration following a five-week history of absent menstruation. On presentation, she was in shock and there were features of intra-abdominal fluid (blood) collection. Abdominopelvic ultrasound scan demonstrated intraperitoneal fluid collection with floating loops of bowel. She was resuscitated, had salpingectomy for ruptured tubal stump ectopic pregnancy, and remained stable on follow-up. In conclusion, tubal stump ectopic pregnancy is a rare but possible complication of a previous salpingectomy. A high index of suspicion is required for early diagnosis and effective management.
Complex Adult Congenital Heart Disease: A Rare Case of Dextrocardia with Double-outlet Right Ventricle
Authors: Ajibare Adeola Olubunmi , Oladimeji Oluwaseye Michael , Ojo Oluwafemi Tunde , Daniel Folasade Adeola , Adebola Philip Alaba , Olanrewaju Abdulazeez
Published: September 2023

Double-outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a complex and rare congenital heart disease (CHD), which is usually symptomatic early in childhood and thus diagnosed early. Dextrocardia is another rare CHD that can occur either as an isolated cardiac abnormality or may be associated with other complex cardiac defects. However, the co-occurrence of DORV and dextrocardia is rare, especially in adult life. We present a 35-year-old Nigerian lady with situs inversus totalis and complex CHD, which included dextrocardia with multiple congenital intracardiac shunts, DORV occurring with L-malpositioning of the great vessels, atrial septal defect, and ventricular septal defect with partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage, persistent left superior vena cava as well as severe pulmonary stenosis.
Case Series: Uterine Rupture with a Life Baby after Two Previous Caesarean Sections: An Incidental Finding at Elective Caesarean Sections at Term
Authors: Asiegbu Obiora , Ugoji Darlington-Peter Chibuzor , Asiegbu Uzoma Vivian , Iwe Bobbie C. , Okoye Paschal Chijioke , Ortuanya Kelvin Emeka , Anikwe Chidebe Christian
Published: September 2023

We present three cases of the absence of lower uterine segment (LUS) muscles with a life baby covered by the fetal membrane after two previous caesarean sections (CS) at elective CSs at term. The first case was a 30-year-old booked multipara with bad obstetrics history and two previous CS at a secondary facility on account of unexplained three serial stillbirths at term. There were no histories of maternal obesity, hypertension, or diabetes mellitus. She then had an elective CS at 37 weeks on account of two previous CS. Intraoperatively, it was noted that the LUS was covered by the fetal membranes with visceral peritoneum and no muscle layer. The second case was a 33-year-old booked G4P2 + 1A2 with two previous CSs on account of fetal distress and breech presentation with one previous scar at term, respectively. Pregnancy was uneventful till the presentation. At presentation, there was no history or examination finding suggestive of uterine rupture. She had an elective CS at 39 weeks on account of two previous CS. Intraoperatively, a thin membrane at the LUS with no muscular tissue exposing the fetal membranes was seen, with good fetomaternal outcomes. The third case was a 30-year-old booked G3P2 + 0A2 with two previous elective CSs on account of primigravida with breech presentation and placenta praevia, respectively. The course of the pregnancy was uneventful. At presentation, there was no clinical sign or symptom suggestive of uterine rupture. She had an elective CS at 37 weeks on account of two previous CS. Intraoperatively, a thin membrane at the LUS with visceral peritoneum and no muscular tissue was seen. The pregnancy outcome was favorable. Silent scar rupture as seen in our case series is one of the common complications of previous CS. Early detection with the introduction of imaging techniques, although not done for our cases and prompt intervention reduces morbidity and mortality.
Remarks on the diagonal embedding and strong 1-boundedness
Authors: Kunnawalkam Elayavalli Srivatsav
Published: September 2023

We identify a large class of hyperbolic groups whose von Neumann algebras are not
strongly 1-bounded: Sela’s hyperbolic towers over

F_2

subgroups. We also show that any intermediate subalgebra of the diagonal embedding of

L(F_2)

into its ultrapower does not have Property (T).
Mucosal humoral immune response of respiratory tract in medical workers during the post-COVID-19 period
Authors: Kryukova N. O. , Khasanova Albina А. , Baranova I. A. , Kostinov M. P. , Svitich O. A. , Chuchalin A. G.
Published: September 2023

Currently, the role of local respiratory tract immunoglobulins in COVID-19 and rearrangement of mucosal immune response in the post-COVID period have not been sufficiently studied. Our aim was to evaluate long-term effects of novel coronavirus infection on the mucosal immunity in healthcare workers over the post-infection period.
A total of 180 healthcare workers, ranging in age from 18 to 65 years, were enrolled in a one-stage, cross-sectional study. The subjects with a history of COVID-19 were divided into three groups, depending on the severity of their disease. The control group consisted of 44 healthcare workers who had no history of novel coronavirus infection. Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and total immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels were quantified in saliva samples, induced sputum samples, naso- and oropharyngeal scrapings by ELISA technique. Specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were quantified in the serum by chemiluminescence immunoassay.
Numerous shifts in adaptive immune response were detected for different mucosal compartments, i.e., in subjects who suffered from severe or moderate-to-severe COVID-19, salivary sIgA levels were significantly higher than those in the control group (p 0.05 and p 0.005, respectively). An inverse correlation was demonstrated between the levels of total sIgA in all mucosal sites, and the number of days from the onset of disease to the start of study (r = 0.278, р 0.05). When compared to the control subjects, all the patients with prior COVID-19 had significantly higher levels of total IgG in the induced sputum samples. Total IgG in saliva was also higher in the group of patients who had severe infection (p 0.05). By contrast, IgG levels in nasopharyngeal samples were decreased in severe and moderately severe groups compared to the control group, thus, probably, indicating an immunodeficiency state in these cases. A direct significant correlation was also detected between the levels of total IgG in all studied samples and the levels of specific IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the serum.
Long-term changes in the humoral mucosal immune response were most pronounced in the healthcare workers with a history of severe or moderate-to-severe COVID-19.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN TRANSPORTASI YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Rahmawati Fitri , Ispriyahadi Heri , Abdullah Syahfirin
Published: September 2023

PeneIitian ini bertujuan untuk menganaIisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja keuangan perusahaan transportasi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja keuangan perusahaan meIiputi Iikuiditas, soIvabiIitas, dan aktivitas. Kinerja keuangan perusahaan yang diproksi dengan Return On Invesment (ROI) berfungsi sebagai variabeI dependen. SampeI dipiIih menggunakan metode purposive sampIing dari 46 perusahaan transportasi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia seIama periode tahun 2011-2020, sehingga diperoIeh 60 sampeI dengan menggunakan 10 tahun data laporan keuangan perusahaan transportasi yang menjadi sampel penelitian. AnaIisis data diIakukan dengan menggunakan anaIisis regresi Iinear berganda dan uji pair t test yang dioIah menggunakan program SPSS versi 26. HasiI peneIitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Iikuiditas yang diukur dengan current ratio berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap kinerja keuangan dimana pengkuran kinerja keuangan perusahaan menggunakan return on investment sebagai variabelnya. SoIvabiIitas yang diukur dengan debt to equity ratio berpengaruh negatif signifikan kinerja keuangan. Aktivitas yang diukur dengan totaI asset turnover berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja keuangan. VariabeI Iikuiditas, soIvabiIitas, aktivitas berpengaruh simuItan terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan. Dan variabeI kinerja keuangan terhadap perusahaan transportasi yang terdaftar di BEI seIama pandemi covid-19 berbeda namun tidak signifikan sebeIum dan saat pandemi covid-19.
Еволюція наукових основ внутрішньопортового оперативного управління в працях учених одеського національного морського університету
Authors: Kirillova E. , Magamadov A. , Kirillova V. , Pavlova N. , Shurin В.
Published: September 2023

Викладено результати аналітичного огляду досягнень українських учених у галузі створення й розвитку теорії й методів управління процесом обробки суден (ПОС) у межах внутрішньопортового оперативного управління (ВОУ) з виділенням етапів від зародження до початку розвитку, створення наукових основ і розвитку на сучасному етапі. Показано, що левова частка вказаних досягнень належить науковцям з Одеського національного морського університету (ОНМУ), у минулому Одеського інституту інженерів морського флоту (ОІІМФ). Установлено, що згадані науковці включились в дослідну роботу в середині ХХ століття на етапі становлення ВОУ як науки. Їх першими науковими результатами стали методи складання стрічкових діаграм, годинних графіків та оперативних планів обробки суден. Відзначено, що в подальшому дослідники з ОІІМФ прийняли активну участь у забезпеченні методології ВОУ, насамперед, управління ПОС, принципами, підходами й методичним інструментарієм наук, народжених науково-технічною революцією, завдяки чому стало можливим розглядання завдань управління ПОС в оптимальній постановці. Стисло охарактеризована розроблена науковцями ОІІМФ-ОНМУ концепція розв’язання цих завдань, починаючи з визначення оптимального розподілу портових перевантажувальних ресурсів між суднами й закінчуючи пошуком оптимального варіанту їх використання на суднових роботах. Обґрунтовано основні положення системної оптимізації управління ПОС шляхом послідовного розв’язання завдань, що передбачають визначення пріоритету суден на першочергову обробку, розподіл причалів між суднами, вибір технології завантаження/розвантаження суден, установлення рівнів концентрації технологічних ліній (ТЛ) на суднах. Розподіл ТЛ між суднами, використання ТЛ при обробці суден, складання ситуаційного плану обробки суден.
Технологічні можливості відновлення чавунних деталей суднових дизелів
Authors: Stalnichenko O. , Shamov O. , Kozishkurt Ye.
Published: September 2023

Застосування сучасних методів відновлення зношених чавунних деталей суднових дизелів є одним з необхідних ресурсів в судноремонті. З чавунних деталей виготовляють складні тяжко навантажені, високоцінні базові складові дизелів, від якості ремонту яких залежить роботоздатність вузла та агрегату в цілому. Для дослідження можливостей відновлення зношених чавунних кришок і поршнів суднових дизелів було досліджено зварюваність сірих і високоміцних чавунів та проведено металографічні дослідження наплавлених поверхонь. Проведені дослідження зварюваності сірого та високоміцного чавунів на імітаторах виявили можливості відновлення чавунних суднових деталей. Одержані результати дають можливість перейти до експериментальних досліджень по розробці технології відновлення на реальних суднових деталях. Отримані результати дослідження демонструють, що технології відновлення зношених чавунних деталей суднових дизелів мають значний потенціал для покращення якості та тривалості роботи цих деталей. Наплавлення є одним з найбільш ефективних методів відновлення, оскільки дозволяє точно відновити форму та розміри деталі, а також забезпечити необхідну твердість та міцність. Висновки дослідження дають змогу розробляти оптимальні стратегії відновлення зношених чавунних деталей суднових дизелів, враховуючи вимоги до якості та ефективності. Отримані результати можуть бути використані для подальшого удосконалення технологій відновлення, розробки нових матеріалів та процесів, що сприятимуть зростанню промисловості суднобудування та підтримці стабільності морського транспорту.
Дослідження впливу форми носової частини судна на його опір в умовах тихої воді та хвилювання
Authors: Davydov Igor , Pechenyuk Andriy
Published: September 2023

Проєктування та оптимізація форми корпусу судна з ціллю мінімізації опору та забезпечення інших проектних вимог є добре відомою проблемою теорії та проєктування корабля. Сьогодні до її дослідження можуть бути застосовані методи чисельної гідродинаміки рідини (computational fluid dynamics – CFD), що динамічно розвиваються. Запропонований метод проєктування та оптимізації форми корпусу використовує CFD аналіз для оцінки реакцій опору на систематичні перетворення поверхні корпусу. Перетворення спочатку задаються на стройовій по шпангоутах, потім застосовуються до відповідних ділянок суднової поверхні з використанням спеціальних методів їх перебудови. Кожна окрема трансформація відповідає новому варіанту форми корпусу з перетвореною ділянкою поверхні. Усі варіанти, що підготовлені на основі початкової форми корпусу, відносяться до першого кроку оптимізаційного процесу. Вони використовуються у CFD розрахунках для оцінки змін опору у спокійній воді. Результати можуть бути представлені у вигляді неперервних апроксимуючих функцій приросту об’єму чи площини перерізу для кожної окремої ділянки поверхні корпусу та використані у процедурах оптимізації. В результаті, може бути отримана оптимальна форма стройової по шпангоутах, що виражає оптимальний поздовжній розподіл постійного об’єму корпусу та відповідає оптимізованій формі поверхні корпусу. Даний метод був застосований до носових частин двох суден, включаючи добре відому форму корпусу KCS та показав цікаві результати. У статті наведені деякі подальші доопрацювання методу, розроблені на основі аналізу його надійності та практичних особливостей. Показано, що точність розрахунків, хоч вона і залежить від обраної чисельної моделі та постановки, можна суттєво покращити за допомогою дослідження збіжності по сітці. Отримані результати оптимізації в умовах спокійної води були додатково оцінені відносно опору на хвилюванні. Виявилося, що зміни, внесені у форму корпусу KCS, не мають відчутного впливу на опір на зустрічному регулярному та нерегулярному хвилюванні.
Нелінійний розрахунок тонкої підпірної стінки і рамної конструкції спільно з грунтовим і водним середовищем від кинематичного збудження
Authors: Grishin A.
Published: September 2023

Розглядається зв'язана динамічна система, що складається з тонкої підпірної стінки, рамної конструкції, ґрунтового і водного середовища. Досліджуються хвильові процеси, виникаючі в системі від переміщення деяких областей ґрунтового масиву. Враховуються пружно-пластичні властивості матеріалів системи. Використовується теорія пластичної течії зі зміцненням. Результати дослідження хвильових процесів представлені у вигляді епюр переміщень і напружень на заданому інтервалі часу.