bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF USING PICTORIAL POSTER ON STUDENT ABILITY IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT IN VIII CLASS OF SMP NEGERI 4 BADAR IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2021/2022
Authors: Shinta Shinta  , RAJA FAUZIAH  , Muhammad Tahir
Published: January 2024

This study deals with the effect of using pictorial poster on student ability in writing descriptive text in viii class of SMP Negeri 4 Badar Academic Year 2021/2022. Its objective is How The Effect to descriptive text of grade VIII at SMP Negeri 1 Ketambe using Pictoral Poster effective?. The population on the research is the students of SMP Negeri 4. The sample that used is 1 class total 30 student. The research design is a research using Quantitative research methods using a descriptive approach. A descriptive approach is used to collect data systematically, factually, and quickly according to the description when the research was carried out. The students who were taught by Using Pictorial Poster got better achievement that those who were taught by using conventional technique that was Teacher. the highest score of the pre-test was 65 and the lowest was 45. While the highest score of post-test was 85 and the lowest was 70. The result of means of Pre-Test was 55.33  while the result of deviation standard was 6.32 And the result of means of Post-Test was 78.50. While the result of deviation standard was 5.35 From this research, it was found that the Using Pictorial Poster can cause a positive, which is proven from the result of the test, > or  ( 15.44> 2.04 ) there is significance Students Ability in Writing Descriptive Text Skill By Using Pictorial Poster Class VIII Of SMP Negeri 4 Badar In Academic Year 2021/2022.
Robustez en las redes de gobernanza colaborativa e implicaciones para la conservación del paisaje en el Mosaico do Espinhaço, Brasil
Authors: Burgos Andrés , Mertens Frédéric
Published: January 2024

El artículo analiza las propiedades estructurales y la robustez de una red de gobernanza colaborativa (n= 230) que opera en una iniciativa de conservación a gran escala en Brasil para probar el mantenimiento de las funciones de la red a lo largo del tiempo. Examinamos la robustez de la red después de eliminaciones aleatorias y dirigidas que simulan cambios socioambientales en esa iniciativa de conservación. Nuestro análisis, apoyado también en datos empíricos longitudinales de rotación de actores, indica que la red de gobernanza es altamente robusta a las pruebas realizadas, pues parece poco probable que niveles razonables de salida de actores causen una fragmentación significativa de la misma. Sin embargo, la red es más vulnerable a la remoción de los actores más centrales y de aquellos especialmente importantes en la gestión de los recursos naturales que a la eliminación aleatoria de parte de sus miembros, lo que evidencia el protagonismo de estos actores en la articulación de la red y mantenimiento del proceso de gobernanza. Los procedimientos metodológicos utilizados permiten identificar vulnerabilidades potenciales de las redes de gobernanza a diferentes perturbaciones y respaldar planes de conservación a escala del paisaje y a largo plazo.
Mapping routine interactions in port operations: Insights from social network analysis
Authors: Ruschel Reckziegel José Francisco , Xavier Terra Stela , Abreu Saurin Tarcísio
Published: January 2024

Social network analysis proves to be a valuable instrument for comprehending and visually representing intricate relationships among diverse entities within a network. This study aims to explore the application of social network analysis within the context of hinterland port operations. In pursuit of this aim, we examined the interactions amongst various stakeholders, including port authorities, truck drivers, port agent companies, vigilant guards, import/export firms, and terminal operators. As a result, we unveiled patterns, pinpointed bottlenecks, and unearthed opportunities to amplify efficiency and collaboration within this system. This inquiry contributes to the existing body of knowledge concerning the utilization of social network analysis within the maritime industry while also providing insights to enhance port performance.
Kemampuan Adsorben dari Limbah Serbuk Gergaji Kayu Jati terhadap Penurunan Kandungan Timbal (Pb) pada Limbah Cair dengan menggunakan Sistem Batch
Authors: Firmanto Rafli Puji , Rr. Diah Nugrahaeni Setyowati  , Dedy Suprayogi
Published: January 2024

Teakwood sawdust is a by product of the sawmilling process used by industry and wood enterprises. One way to put the garbage to good use is to use it as a raw material for creating adsorbents for adsorbing heavy metals in waste water. The goal of this study is to use a batch system to investigate the ability of teakwood sawdust to adsorb lead (Pb) in liquid waste and to establish the optimal adsorption isotherm modeling in the adsorption process for the processing of lead (Pb) heavy metal waste. This is an experimental study that uses a variety of adsorbent masses, including 1 gram, 2 gram, 3 gram, 4 gram, and 5 gram, as well as a variety of adsorbent activation methods.According to the study's findings, variations in the mass of adsorbent used 4 gram resulted in average absorption of 81.14 percent and 94.15 percent, respectively, while variations in the adsorbent activation method with the activation process and variations in the adsorbent activation method without the activation process resulted in an average absorption of 81.14 % and 94.15 %. respectively, while the average value of the adsorption capacity in The adsorption model isotherm langmuir with R2 value of 0,6537 is suitable for the adsorption process employing teakwood sawdust adsorbent.
Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Elektroplating dengan Proses Flotasi Menggunakan Methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES) sebagai Collector
Authors: Laurentius Urip Widodo  , Sholekhah Bika Amalia , Hubbi Hikmatu Ilma
Published: January 2024

Industrial waste is a major problem for countries that are developing large industries such as Indonesia. Industrial waste with heavy metal content such as electroplating waste cannot be disposed of directly into the water because it can cause environmental pollution. Therefore, further processing is needed to reduce or eliminate metal levels in the waste water. In this study, the method used to reduce Cu metal content in electroplating waste is using the flotation method. Flotation is the process of separating minerals or ions through flotation with the help of air bubbles to the surface of the water. The parameters observed in this study were the effect of pH and collector on % Cu removal. Experiments were carried out with waste water feed containing Cu metal with an initial concentration of 107.6 mg/L, with a variation of pH 4,5,6,7,8 and a variation of the concentration of 200 mg/L, 300 mg/L, 400 mg/L, 500 mg/L and 600 mg/L of collector. After being analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS), the best% Cu removal at pH 6 conditions and 300 mg/L methyl ester sulfonate (MES) concentration was 67.19%.
Membran Polieugenol Tersulfonasi (PET) Sebagai Potensi Sel Bahan Bakar Metanol Langsung
Authors: Muliawati Eka Cahya , Yustia Wulandari Mirzayanti
Published: January 2024

Nafion is a type of perfluorosulfonic acid membranes, are widely used in fuel cell technology and exhibit several disadvantages such as expensive, have a limited working temperature range and high methanol crossover. This study aims to produce an electrolyte new polymer membrane from polyeugenol sulfonated (PET) and a review of the membrane properties was carried out on the basis of Water Contact Angle (°), Water Uptake (%), Methanol Uptake (%), Swelling ratio (%), IEC (ion exchange capacity). Analysis of DMFC membrane performance has an optimal proton conductivity of 0.0009 S.cm-1 and methanol permeability of 23.5.10-7 cm2.s-1 with a PET composition of 27% (w/w).
OF STILL AND MOVING IMAGES: STYLISTICS OF HERCS FRANKS’ EARLY DOCUMENTARIES
Authors: Balčus Zane
Published: January 2024

Latvian documentary filmmaker Hercs Franks (1926–2013) directed his first films in 1965, the two short documentaries were produced at the Latvian television’s production unit Telefilma-Rīga: “Salty Bread” (Sāļā maize) and “At Noon” (Pusdienā). Both films reflect an intricate practice and aesthetic element of the director – the use of still photography, which for him is both a research tool and a stylistic device present throughout his career. “Salty Bread” includes photographs as a stylistic element allowing the viewer to prolong observation of particular images, whereas in “At Noon” still photographs feature on the films’ credits, but more significant is photography’s use as a research tool for preparing the film.
The intermedial studies have explored the interrelationship of different media and used intermediality as a tool for close reading of specific works, among other applications. The connection of cinema and photography represent the potential of intermedial approach through the technological, aesthetic, institutional practices. Specifically documentary cinema in its relation to photography shares additional issues of the meaning of documentality and representation of reality.
Through close reading of Hercs Franks’ first films, I would argue that Franks transcends normative documentary function in the use of still photographs [Hallas 2023] and demonstrates the intermedial practice in combining photography and documentary filmmaking.
HUMAN AND MORE-THAN-HUMAN IN THE PERFORMING ARTS LANDSCAPE IN LATVIA
Authors: Balcare Kitija
Published: January 2024

Integrating performing arts research into the environmental humanities frame, the aim of this paper, firstly, is to uncover theoretical ideas of posthumanist thinkers about species interdependency [Tsing 2012; Haraway 2015] in context of the environmental issues and, secondly, to integrate these perspectives into practices of the ecotheatrical performances in Latvia.
As it is no longer possible to separate nature from culture in a world outside humans [Haraway 2003], ecotheatre serves as a form of environmental imaginary [Woynarski 2015; May 2021] reshaping human and more-than-human relations, shifting from anthropocentric paradigm towards ecocentric worldview. Theatre of species rearranges the usual anthropocentric hierarchy and includes new actors in the theatre – non-human entities and the more-than-human world [Chaudhuri 2017].
The article provides close reading of three ecotheatrical performances, including Bee Matter (Iveta Pole, 2021), Mushroom Picking Championship (Ilze Bloka, 2021), Last Night of the Deer (Jānis Balodis, Nahuel Cano, 2022), looking how ecotheatre practitioners discursively, physically, and visually represent non-human species and their relationship with humans in the context of urgency of the environmental issues.
In ecotheatrical performances, physicality as embodiment comes to the fore, alongside with invitation to the spectator not to think about but already to think with nature resonating posthumanism and postmodern shamanism ideas.
THE WORK OF ASPAZIJA AND RAINIS IN THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY OF THE REPUBLIC OF LATVIA
Authors: Freiberga Anna , Kalniņa Ieva
Published: January 2024

The article looks at how Aspazija and Rainis reacted in the Constitutional Assembly on the political and cultural challenges of the time, and what is the importance of culture in their view. Aspazija and Rainis were members of the social democratic faction in the Constitutional Assembly. During the Constitutional Assembly, the adoption of the amnesty law and agrarian reform, as well as questions about the referendum and the place of the president in Latvia, were important. Rainis spoke in a debate here. Rainis’ speeches always reflected his legal education His example of democracy in politics was Switzerland, while in culture (and in politics) – Greece. As a member of the Latvian Social Democratic Party (LSDSP) Rainis defended the most radical agrarian reform proposal, which radically transformed Latvian agriculture. Rainis consistently defended the establishment of the Culture Fund and participated in various discussions on the financing of culture, emphasizing that culture is one of the foundations of the state. Aspazija spoke less at the Constituent Assembly, her focus was on the importance of women in the new Latvia, as well as reducing social inequality. Also, the poet strongly defended the cultural field.
COLLABORATION IN CREATIVE INDUSTRIES – FROM CREATIVE INDIVIDUALS AND INTERMEDIARIES TO NETWORKS
Authors: Eglite Zanete
Published: January 2024

Collaboration is the core of creative work, and it can help small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as individual creative professionals, develop creative products that would not be possible if these parties were working separately. The aim of the paper is to reveal benefits of collaboration in creative industries from theoretical and practical perspectives. The paper analyses the concept of collaboration in creative industries and provides a theoretical overview of collaboration models that can take various forms, such as networks, creative intermediaries, and clusters.
Also, the author has developed a creative industry collaboration matrix, in­cluding the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Latvia’s list of creative industries (Architecture, Design, Cinema, Performing arts, Visual arts, Music, Publishing, Television, Radio and interactive media, Advertising, Computer games and Interactive software, Cultural heritage, Cultural education, Recreation, Advertising, Entertainment and other cultural activities) [LR Ministry of Culture 2022], as well as adding two more creative industries, which are identified in other theoretical models of creative industries used in Europe – Fashion and Crafts. By interviewing various experts from creative industries, the intensity and frequency of collaboration in creative industries are compared, and it is evaluated which creative industries are more prone to collaboration.
Validity of Metacognitive Awareness Inventory as A Measuring Tool for Metacognitive Ability in Mathematics Problem Solving
Authors: Safitri Meilani , Suryani Nunuk , Asrowi  , Sukarmin
Published: January 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore various theories about metacognition, especially the measurement of metacognition using the Metacognition Awareness Inventory (MAI) and its relation to problem solving. The goal of this research is to describe the validity of the metacognition ability instrument in solving mathematical problems that require metacognition awareness.
 
Theoretical Framework: Problem solving is an essential part of the mathematics learning process. Metacognition becomes an important issue along with the trend of 21st century learning. Metacognition is important in achieving student cognitive learning outcomes, specifically in increasing the effectiveness of learning strategies.  Many methods have been used to assess metacognition, including questionnaires, interviews, analysis of thinking-aloud protocols, observations, awareness-raising tasks, diaries, and autobiographies.  The Metacognition Awareness Inventory is one tool for determining the level of student metacognition (MAI).
 
Method: Various studies related to metacognition have been carried out. This is a descriptive leather research to assess and obtain a valid quality instrument to characterize metacognitive ability in solving mathematical problems. Five Evaluation Experts in Mathematics Education validated the instruments. Expert judgment is used to validate constructs using the Objective Concruence Index assessment.  MAI are also empirically validated by using 157 high school students as respondents.
 
Results: According to the results and research findings, MAI has eight indicators: 1) declarative knowledge, 2) procedural knowledge, 3) conditional knowledge, 4) planning, 5) information management, 6) monitoring, 7) debugging, and 8) evaluation. Cronbach's alpha = 0.671) was declared reliable for measuring students' metacognitive awareness. To obtain a truly valid instrument, several points of the MAI statement on the components must be improved: (1) procedural knowledge; (2) planning; and (3) information management. Furthermore, performance assessment through student activities or activities during learning is required to confirm MAI results and students' metacognitive knowledge.
 
Conclusions: MAI meets the construct validity criteria, especially in terms of content validation and internal consistency (reliability), by maintaining 51 statements from the original questionnaire. Overall, MAI that has been compiled is valued valid and reliable to be used as a metacognition assessment instrument in solving mathematical problems. It can be concluded that the MAI is a valid instrument in measuring metacognition in problem solving.
JOGO TONGGO AS A CULTURAL POLICY
Authors: Noorbani Muhammad Agus , Nur Mahmudah
Published: January 2024

This article aims to explain the effectiveness of the Jogo tonggo program initiated by the Provincial Central Java Government in controlling the social and economic impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on the people of Central Java. This research uses interviews with residents and government officials to get an idea of the effectiveness of this program. The results of this study found that Jogo tonggo goes from the caring practices carried out by the Javanese community, which comes from the combination of various religious and cultural values ​​that have been mixed up over time. It is not a form of (Javanese) cultural glorification that has been practiced for a long time but instead puts forward the aspect of how the public interest is served. Prioritizing citizen involvement in Jogo Tonggo makes this movement a form of “third way.” The third way is marked by the increasing role of the community in influencing various political policies based on the various traditional practices they have. By prioritizing the role of communities and individuals as agencies, Jogo Tonggo can overcome the far-reaching impact of the Covid-19 pandemic by reinventing and relevating the various traditions of the Javanese people.
DIMENSI KEAGAMAAN DALAM MIGRASI LIGKUNGAN
Authors: Pratisti Siti Aliyuna , Bagir Zainal Abidin , Ahimsa-Putra Heddy Shri , Northcott Michael S.
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini membahas dimensi keagamaan dalam migrasi lingkungan dua komunitas Muslim di Pesisir Utara Jawa dalam menghadapi abrasi dan bajir rob. Konsep migrasi lingkungan digunakan untuk mencermati pembuatan keputusan dan proses relokasi kedua komunitas sebagai upaya menghindari kondisi desa yang tenggelam. Dua komunitas Muslim, yaitu Bedono di Demak, Jawa Tengah, dan Pantai Bahagia di Bekasi, Jawa Barat, dipilih karena kedua komunitas tersebut menunjukkan karakteristik keagamaan dalam proses migrasi mereka. Dalam pengumpulan data, metode kualitatif studi kasus dilakukan dengan melakukan wawancara dan observasi selama 12 bulan. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa pada komunitas Bedono, Makam Kiai Mudzakir memainkan peran penting dalam pengambilan keputusan untuk migrasi keluar. Sementara di Pantai Bahagia, Pengajian menjadi penghubung sosial dan ikatan komunitas bagi masyarakat yang melakukan relokasi. Analisis lebih lanjut tentang migrasi lingkungan menunjukkan bahwa pola relokasi yang berdekatan dapat ditemukan pada kedua komunitas. Terlepas dari banyak faktor yang terlibat dalam migrasi lingkungan, artikel ini hanya akan menekankan pembahasan pada dimensi keagamaan dari migrasi lingkungan yang muncul sebagai karakteristik kuat kedua komunitas yang diamati.
CALIBRAÇÃO DO MODELO DA ZONA AGROECOLÓGICA PARA ESTIMATIVA DE PRODUTIVIDADE DA SOJA EM CHAPADINHA, MARANHÃO
Authors: Souza Mirelly Meres Silva , Dos Santos Eduardo Silva , Silva Carlos Augusto Maciel , Emiliano Kamilla Andrade Oliveira , Dall’Oglio Daiane Fossatti , Ribeiro Bruna da Silva Brito , Abreu Gleicy de Jesus Matos , Sousa José Ítallo Oliveira
Published: January 2024

A baixa disponibilidade hídrica é um fator limitante na produtividade de culturas agrícolas como a soja. Modelos de simulação de culturas são utilizados como ferramentas de alto potencial para atenuar os impactos causados pelas mudanças climáticas. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, calibrar e testar o modelo da Zona Agroecológica – FAO para a região produtora de soja de Chapadinha do Estado do Maranhão. Foram utilizados dados meteorológicos do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia, produtividade observada de valores de cultivo e uso de variedades de soja (POVCU) para calibração e dados de produtividade (POIBGE) de uma série temporal das safras de 2002/2003 a 2021/2023 para etapa de avaliação. No processo de calibração, verificou uma produtividade observada média (POVCU) de 3582,7 kg ha-1 e uma produtividade média estimada pelo modelo (PE) de 3581,6 kg ha-1. O modelo FAO apresentou excelente ajuste, com R2 = 1; RMSE = 1,70 kg ha-1; MAE = 0,95 kg ha-1; MBE = 0,0 kg ha-1, índice de Wilmont e de concordância (d e c) = 1.  Assim, o modelo da Zona Agroecológica estima suficientemente a produtividade da cultura da soja, podendo ser aplicado para previsão de produtividade nas condições climáticas de Chapadinha.
Influence of molybdenum on haematological indices in buffalo calves
Authors: VARUN VARUN , SHARMA SUMEET , SANDHU H S , GOSAL NAVJOT S
Published: January 2024

An experimental trial was conducted on eight healthy buffalo calves aged between 6 and 12 months, divided into 2 groups equally. Group 1 calves served as healthy control while group 2 (treatment group) was administered sodium molybdate @ 30 mg/kg/day. Among group 2 calves daily administration of sodium molybdate for three consecutive weeks produced immediate alterations in various haematological parameters in comparison to healthy buffalo calves. Repeated oral administration of sodium molybdate in treatment group exerted profound anaemia and decline in the mean values of Hb, PCV, TLC, TEC, and MCH. However, no significant effect on values of ESR, MCHC and MCV was noticed. Thus to maintain the proper health and production in buffaloes exposure to excess dietary molybdenum should be avoided.
Impact of bedding material on behavioural pattern of Osmanabadi goat kids
Authors: KASHYAP K , PATHAK R , SANTRA A K , SINGH N , MISHRA O P , PARMAR M S , DONERIA R , KASYAP S
Published: January 2024

Bedding materials play significant role to provide comfortable microenvironment to animals under intensive production system, which can be assessed by behaviour of the animal. The present study observed the effect of bedding material in different behaviour parameters of Osmanabadi goat kids. A total number of 18 Osmanabadi goat kids between 2-3 months of age were distributed into three groups (6 kids per group): control (T0) and treatments (T1, T2). The kids in T0 were reared in concrete floor without any bedding material, whereas treatment groups T1 and T2 were composed of wood shavings and straw bedding material, respectively. At the end of experiment lying time per day of T2 group was significantly higher as compared to T0 and T1 groups. Lying time per bout was significantly higher in T2 group than T0 group, but corresponding values were similar to that of T1 group. Standing time per day was higher in concrete floor (T0) as compared to wood shavings and straw bedding group. Fighting behaviour was significantly higher in kids kept in concrete floor and wood shavings group than those kept in straw bedding group. Grooming behaviour was higher in T2 group as compared to T0, but similar to T1 group and kids had more negative behaviour in concrete floor. Overall, it can be concluded that straw bedding has a positive influence on the welfare of growing kids and therefore can be used as an alternative bedding material in growing goat kids.
Variability in residual feed intake, nutrient utilisation and blood parametersin Murrah buffalo calves fed on total mixed ration
Authors: EBAID ELSADIG IDRIS EISSA , DATT CHANDER , SHARMA VIJAY KUMAR , DUDI KULDEEP , LATHWAL SURINDER SINGH
Published: January 2024

The present study was conducted on 18 female Murrah buffalo calves divided into two treatment groups to determine the residual feed intake, nutrient digestibility and blood metabolite parameters when fed with ration containing wheat (Triticum aestivum) straw, berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) fodder as roughages and concentrate mixture to meet their requirements. Regular recording of body weight and feed intake was done during 90-day trial period. Residual feed intake (RFI) values were determined for individual animals based on which they were divided into low and high RFI groups. DM intake was lower in low RFI animals than high RFI animals. The blood glucose level and growth hormone level in low and high RFI group was comparable in both groups. Low RFI group had greater concentration of creatinine (1.62 vs. 1.21 mg/dL) as well as IGF-1 (136.70 vs. 120.38 ng/mL) whereas, concentration of total plasma protein level (6.80 vs 7.43 g/dL), albumin (3.46 vs 3.71 g/dl), aspartate aminotransferase (102.20 vs. 122.60 IU/L) and cortisol (3.48 vs. 5.32 ng/mL) were lesser in low RFI group with respect to high RFI group, indicating a positive correlation of RFI with total plasma protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase and cortisol and a negative correlation with plasma creatinine and IGF-1 levels in female Murrah buffalo calves. It was concluded that low RFI group of female Murrah buffalo calves showed better performance when fed with total mixed ration.
Assessment of linkage disequilibrium and haplotype block structure in indigenous cattle populations of Tamil Nadu, India usingwhole genome sequence data
Authors: RATNAM MENDUGULLA TEJASWI SINDHU , GOPINATHAN ALAGAPPAN , JAWAHAR K THILAK PON , AZHAHIANAMBI P , VANI S , TIRUMURUGAAN K G , KARTHICKEYAN S M K
Published: January 2024

Understanding the nature of linkage disequilibrium (LD) between molecular markers reflects the degree of non-random association between their alleles, which is essential for genome-wide association studies. The main objective of this study was to assess the chromosome-wise linkage disequilibrium and haplotype block structure in indigenous cattle breeds of Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 79 animals belonging to five indigenous cattle breeds were considered as single indigenous cattle population and three samples per breed were sequenced using Illumina NovaSeqTM 6000 and Illumina HiSeq 2500. The LD parameter (r2) was estimated for a total of 62,095,778 pair- wise SNPs for all autosomes. The chromosome-wise number of SNP pairs, mean r2±standard deviation and median r2 values were 2,141,234, 0.484±0.246 and 0.493, respectively. Chromosome-wise mean r2 of different distance bins were calculated and it showed the maximum r2 value of 0.839 at 31-70 kb distance for Chromosome 11 and minimum r2 value of zero for Chromosome 7, 11, 15, 20 and 29, respectively at a distance 71-100 kb. This study also revealed a total of 413, 277 haplotype blocks which covered 2.34% of the autosomal genome. There was a total of 1,589,118 SNPs distributed within the haplotype blocks, covering a total length of 53.62 mb. The results of the study suggest the need for breed-specific reference populations for indigenous cattle breeds, which have a greater density of molecular markers of economic significance and thereby to identify breed-specific haplotypes in future.
DESIGN DAN PEMBUATAN BRACKET ASSY BULLDOZER
Authors: Abdul Muchlis  , Sandy Suryady  , Ahcmad Risa Harfit
Published: January 2024

In this century, the industrial sector is a very important sector to support the national economy. The  industrial sector contributed very high so that it succeeded in bringing Indonesia to the 85th rank out  of 131 countries in the world's manufacturing industry, the industrial sector was growing very rapidly  accompanied by increasing positive growth. Bracket assy is a component or frame structure on a  bulldozer that uses SS400 and ST37 type steel metal material, which means that the component is very  strong and does not break easily when exposed to heavy loads. Bracket assy is a product that has gone  through various fabrication processes. The function of the bracket assy is as a handle for the hydraulic  system pipe and also the pedestal of the body or engine cover, the bracket assy is located above the  front of the car chassis which is positioned facing up. The process of making the bracket assy, namely,  the selection of materials used in the process of making the Bracket Assy, namely Steel SS400 and ST  37, Gas Cutting Machines, Bending Machines, and Welding Machines. In the cutting process of the Gas  Cutting Machine, the workpiece is cut. Next is the Bending Machine process where the workpiece is  bent. Furthermore, the welding process of the workpiece is welded in 2 stages, namely the first tack  welding and full welding / Fillet Weld, then Quality Control is carried out to check whether the product  is ready to be distributed, the product is qualified into two types, namely GOOD for products that have  passed Quality control and NOT GOOD for products that do not pass Quality Control.
Effect of Foreign Debt on Economic Growth in Nigeria
Authors: TSWENJI Andokari , ALADEJARE Samson Adeniyi , MAMMAN Andekujwo Baajon
Published: January 2024

Nigeria has been on a foreign debt a rising profile overtime, however it is not commensurable with her developmental purposes; hence this study examined the effect of foreign debt on economic growth in Nigeria for the period of 1986-2022. It used time series data sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletins and World Bank Development Indicators. Using descriptive statistics which shows that the data were normally distributed based on Jacque Bera Statistics and its Probability. It applied Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test which revealed that I (1) and (0) order of integration exist among the studied variables which necessitated the adoption of Autoregressive Distributed Lag model (ARDL). The ARDL F- bounds test reveals that long-run relationship exist among foreign debt, foreign debt servicing, exchange rate, inflation rate and economic growth in Nigeria. Furthermore, long-run result showed that foreign debt and exchange rate have positive effect on economic growth and statistically significant in the model except exchange rate that was insignificant. On the part of short-run dynamics, ECM revealed the speed of adjustment that foreign debt variables and economic growth converged back to equilibrium point in 1year and 8 Months period. It also revealed that foreign debt, exchange rate have positive effect on economic growth in Nigeria and statistically significant. Whereas, foreign debt servicing and inflation rate have negative effect on economic growth and statistically significant in the short-run. Therefore, this study submits that foreign debt has positive and significant effect on economic growth within the period of the study. Finally, the study recommended the following policy options for the government, policy makers, and institutions regulators to formulate fiscal policy that will open ways for alternative sources of finance
Time Management and its Impact on Business Growth: A Study of Public Holidays and Work Stoppages in Nigeria
Authors: Arinze Nwankwo Leopord
Published: January 2024

This article provides a nexus between time management, public holidays and other work stoppages in Nigeria. It looks at the negative consequences of having too many public holidays and work stoppages in a fragile and dependent economy like Nigeria. Too much of everything is bad it is said. Any action that leads to the stoppage of work activities is detrimental to the growth of businesses. Nigeria observes too many works stoppages in a calendar year, and research shows that intermittent and frequent works stoppages can cause damage to the efforts designed to make a country’s financial and capital markets catch up with global trends. Further researches also show that Nigeria’s financial system handles a large amount of transaction that principally involves all banks in the country. In turn, these institutions facilitate the transactions of all economic agents. This study treats all holidays as works stoppage; all off duty activities such as strikes that consumes economic or man-hour is referred to as work stoppage (strike inclusive).
Capital Flight and Unemployment in Nigeria
Authors: Makwe Emmanuel Uzoma , Anigboro Godwin Simeon
Published: January 2024

This study examined Capital Flight and unemployment rate in Nigeria. Capital Flight was proxied by foreign direct investment outflows, external debt servicing, external reserves and capital and financial account deficits. Hypotheses that guided the study were formulated in line with the study objectives and relevant literature were reviewed and evaluated. Relevant data were extracted from the annual Statistical Bulletin and other issues, of the Central Bank of Nigeria. Unit root test was conducted using Augmented Dickey Fuller method which revealed that the variables were integrated at level and first difference necessitating the use of autoregressive distributive lag/bond test to explore the long run relationship existing among the variables in the model and the result showed that the variables in the model were co- integrated thus we proceeded in evaluating the long run as well as the co-integrating form in the model. From the result of the various tests, it was revealed that while some of the outcomes conformed to apriori expectations, others did not. Based on the findings from the analysis, the study recommended amongst others, that external debt acquired should be judiciously used for infrastructural development that would encourage investments which would ultimately bring about economic development as well as reducing the rate of unemployment in Nigeria.
Effect of Asset Structure on Financial Stability: Moderating Role of Firm Size of Construction Firms in Nigeria
Authors: Ujam Oluchukwu Juliet , Okolie Fidelis Oguguo , David Sunday
Published: January 2024

The study examined the moderating effect of firm size on the nexus of asset structure and financial stability of quoted construction firms in Nigeria. Financial stability was used as dependent variable while property plant and equipment, long term investment, current assets and intangible were used as independent variables while log of total assets which captures firm size was used as the moderating variable. A sample of 7 construction firms were used for the period of ten years
Cross Cultural Analysis of Incest Practices in Karu Local Government Area Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Ahmed Umar Elegu , Usman Danlami Saleh
Published: January 2024

This paper examined incest practices among different ethnic groups in Karu LGA Nasarawa states, Nigeria. Incest can be seen as a situation in which person has a sexual relationship with family member. In Nigeria, the phenomenon of incestuous relationship has been on the increase in recent time with adverse effect on marriage and family institution. The objective of the study is to analyze cross cultural practice of incest among the Hausa, Igbo and Gbagi ethnic groups in Karu LGA Nasarawa states, Nigeria in order to identify the forms and determinants of incest relationship among family members. Social constructionism theory was utilized and adopted in this paper. The study employed a cross-sectional research design to gather data, using primary and secondary sources. 398 respondents were selected through the aid of simple random and cluster sampling techniques. Findings show that the determinants of incestuous cases include lack of family values, moral decadence, loneliness, psychological problem and spiritual purpose. Some family disintegration, of
Corporate Board Characteristics and Performance of Non-Financial Firms in Nigeria
Authors: Lawrence U. Egbadju
Published: January 2024

This study investigates if there is any relationship between certain corporate board characteristics and financial performance of non-financial listed firms in Nigeria. It uses secondarily sourced panel data over the period from 2005 to 2020 of 76 such firms listed on the floor of the Nigerian Exchange Group (NXG). The generalized method of moments (GMM) results reveal that while board size(BS), board compensation(BC), board meetings(BM) and board members with military experience(BME) are positively significant with performance; board independence(BI), board gender diversity(BGD), board national diversity(BND), board tribal diversity(BTD), board busyness(BB), board members’ education level(BE) and board foreign directors(BFD) are negatively significant with performance but board shareholding or ownership(BSH) is insignificant. All the control variables (leverage, market–to-book ratio, firm size, year fixed effect dummy as well as the industry sector fixed effect dummy) are statistically significant. This study concludes with some recommendations.
Earnings Management and Financial Performance of Quoted Non- Financial Firms in Nigeria
Authors: Lawrence U. Egbadju
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the relationship between earnings management and the financial performance of listed firms in Nigeria. Using secondary data over the period from 2005 to 2020 of 76 firms listed on the floor of the Nigerian Exchange Group (NXG), the generalized method of moments (GMM) results reveal that while two of the measures of earnings management (Jones’ Model and Kazsnix’s Model are positively significant with firm performance (ROA); the remaining six measures (Modified Jones’ Model of Dechow et al; Kothari’s et al Model; Larcher and Richardson’s Model; Key’s Model; Dechow-Richardson-Tuna’s Model and Kangsiv’s Model) are negatively and statistically significant with firm performance (ROA). The study concludes with some recommendations.
Job Security and Teacher’s Job Retention in Private and Public Secondary Schools in Delta State
Authors: OLOBIA Oghenevwoke Rita
Published: January 2024

The study investigated the correlation between job security and teacher retention in private and public secondary schools in Delta State. The study utilised a correlational research design. The study included a total of 21,257 teachers from Delta State, with 11,777 teachers from public schools and 9,480 teachers from private schools. The study's sample comprised 1,178 teachers from private and public secondary schools in Delta State. This number represents 10% of the total population. The selection of participants was done using the stratified sampling technique. The data gathering process utilised the Influence of Job Security and Job Retention Questionnaire (IJSJRQ). IJSJRQ underwent validation by three specialists. The reliability of IJSJRQ was determined by the use of Cronbach Alpha, which resulted in a reliability coefficient of 0.81. The data obtained were examined via the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and t-test statistics. The findings indicated a notable correlation between job security and teacher's job retention in both private and public secondary schools in Delta State. Additionally, there was a significant disparity in job security between teachers in private and public schools in the State, with public school teachers having a more favourable situation. The researcher concluded that job security had a beneficial impact on the ability of teachers to remain in their positions. Nevertheless, the level of job stability is greater in public schools. The study, among others, recommended that secondary school administrators in both public and private institutions enhance the working environment of their teachers.
Natural Resource Conflict: An Appraisal of Rumuekpe Oil and Gas Conflict
Authors: Agboola Samuel Tajudeen , Gbenemene Kpae
Published: January 2024

This study examined the oil and gas conflict in the Rumuekpe community in Emohua Local Government Area, Rivers State. The objective was to interrogate the relationship between oil and gas and conflict and its impact on Rumuekpe community. Frustration and Aggression theory and Resource Curse thesis were used as the theoretical frameworks. Methodologically, the study relied on qualitative data obtained from Key Informant Interviews (KIIs), and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and supplemented the information by secondary data. The study found that the destruction of lives and property was a major consequence of natural resource conflict in Rumuekpe. The study also found that the conflict in Rumuekpe community was caused by the failure of oil companies and the government to respond to the developmental needs of the people. It also found that the divide-and-rule tactics of oil companies were what fuelled conflict in the community. The study concluded that oil-bearing communities will continue to lack meaningful development, provided oil companies continue their divide-and- rule tactics. It therefore recommended the strict enforcement and implementation of the Host Community Development Trust (HCDT) under the new Petroleum Industry Act (PIA) between oil companies and communities as this will translate into sustainable development. It also recommended that community members should use dialogue in the resolution of disputes rather than resorting to violence.
Enhancing Gender Inclusion in Financial Autonomy of the Female Stereotype in Sustainable Medium and Small Enterprises in Nigeria
Authors: Otaokpukpu Justina Njideka , Nwankwo Leopold Arinze
Published: January 2024

Women entrepreneurs in Nigeria face deeply entrenched gender stereotyping that constrains their financial autonomy and inclusion in the micro, small and medium enterprise (MSME) sector. This paper examines barriers stemming from discriminatory socio-cultural norms and economic institutions that limit women’s access to formal financial services, assets, networks, and critical business support. It also outlines multi-pronged strategies to promote gender equality in MSME development policies and programs. These include: expanding collateral-free lending by financial institutions, strengthening access to productive resources, bolstering entrepreneurial skills training tailored to women, facilitating peer networks and mentoring, deploying ICTs to assist women-run enterprises, enacting legal/regulatory reforms, engaging men as partners, and robust monitoring mechanisms. The analysis found that targeted interventions to ease constraints around credit, asset ownership, biases in training, isolation from growth opportunities, and legal discrimination are vital to dismantle constraints inhibiting women entrepreneurs. Constructive male engagement also assists to transform misconceptions around female dependence and
Digital Market: Tool for Poverty Alleviation
Authors: Otaokpukpu Justina Njideka
Published: January 2024

This study delves into the intricate relationship between digital market solutions and poverty alleviation, specifically focusing on underserved communities in the global South. The persistent poverty traps prevalent in these regions necessitate integrated interventions that foster economic inclusion, sustainable livelihoods, and self-sufficient prosperity. The advent of digital technology adoption presents an infrastructure connectivity and widespread mobile unprecedented opportunity to overcome traditional barriers and uplift marginalized populations. The study argues that digital connectivity serves as a powerful vehicle for empowerment, dissolving geographical barriers and facilitating access to essential information, financial tools, and employment opportunities. It advocates for a market-based approach that recognizes the inherent talents for enterprise within impoverished communities, empowering individuals to direct solutions that meaningfully improve their circumstances. The digital divide dilemma is addressed, acknowledging that the impact data often focuses on those with basic digital literacy, leaving out those at the extreme margins without access to mobile phones or the internet. Design misalignment issues, including language barriers and cumbersome interfaces, are highlighted as potential obstacles to the effectiveness of digital interventions. The study emphasizes the importance of capacity building and localization, advocating for skills training and leadership development within communities to enable them to direct solutions aligned with their priorities. In conclusion, the study asserts that thoughtfully developed digital platforms have the potential to disrupt endemic poverty cycles. However, realizing this potential requires equitable access policies, sustained design optimizations, and participatory capacity building
Poor Governance and Migration Trends in Nigeria
Authors: Osmond Okonkwo N , Okechukwu Akamike Joseph , Ihuoma Ejiogu Cynthia
Published: January 2024

Poor governance has been identified as a significant factor influencing migration both within and outside the country. The study investigated the ways in which poor governance contributes to migration and suggested potential avenues for improvement. The study employed the descriptive research method; a qualitative analysis approach. It draws on existing literature and policy documents to explore the impacts of poor governance on migration patterns in Nigeria. Findings suggest that poor governance in Nigeria has a positive correlation to migration trends in Nigeria. Economic instability, high poverty rates, and limited opportunities drive individuals to seek better livelihoods abroad. Political instability and conflicts resulting from weak governance also contribute to forced migration. Also, inadequate provision of basic services, such as healthcare and education, prompts individuals to migrate in search of better life abroad. To address these issues, the study recommended policy evaluation as crucial in assessing existing interventions aimed at addressing poor governance and its impact on migration. Evaluating their effectiveness and identifying areas for improvement can lead to more effective governance practices and better
Career Management Practice: A Panacea for Organizational Citizenship Behaviour amongst senior Non-Teaching Staff in University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State
Authors: Orok Imagha , Michael Effiom , Effiom Martin Udoh
Published: January 2024

This study was conducted to examine the relationship between career management practices and organizational citizenship behaviour amongst senior non-teaching staff in University of Uyo. Survey research design was adopted for the study. Population for the study was one thousand, one hundred and fifteen (1,115) senior non-teaching staff in the employ of university of Uyo. Taro
The Effect of Stunting on Child Growth and Development
Authors: Akbar Resti Rahmadika , Kartika Windy , Khairunnisa Mutiara
Published: January 2024

Stunting is one of the leading public health problems in lower-middle-income countries, including Indonesia. Stunting is a problem of chronic malnutrition caused by insufficient nutritional intake over a long period due to food that does not meet the dietary needs required. Nutritional issues in young children can have serious consequences; according to the World Health Organization, stunting can cause cognitive or intelligence, motor, and verbal development to develop sub-optimally, increase the risk of obesity and other degenerative diseases, increase health costs, and increase the incidence of morbidity and death. This literature review aims to determine the effect of stunting on children's growth and development and the influencing factors. Search for keywords: Stunting, growth, and development of checking in children, children, cognitive and motor skills. The conclusion from the literature review is that there is a significant relationship between stunting influence on motoric development in children, and the factors that cause stunting do not only come from the child but many external factors that influence such as maternal, economic, environmental, and infectious diseases factors and not only that. Feeding patterns are also one of the factors causing stunting in children.