bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solar Thermo-Powered Desalination Fountain-Barge: A Macro-Imagineering NA Venezuela’s Golfo de Cariaco (Fonte-Barcaça de Dessalinização Termo-Alimentada por Energia Solar: Uma Macro-Imagenharia NA, Golfo de Cariaco, Venezuela)
Authors: Cathcart Richard Brook
Published: February 2019

Based mainly on the Fourier Law valid for parallel material layer temperature gradients, a massive floating seawater desalination macro-project almost entirely covering the Golfo de Cariaco, NE Venezuela, is proposed. The purpose of the geographically-scalable unsinkable Fountain-Barge Desalination Factory (FBDF) formed chiefly of composite metal foam is bulk freshwater production then to be utilized domestically for commercial crop irrigation and urban population maintenance and increase. Brine reject from the huge FBDF could allow 21st Century development of a commercial aquaculture industry during a potential local encompassing region BSw Koppen Climatic Classification change as well as adjacent southern Caribbean Sea changes [1].

Key words: Freshwater production, aquaculture industry, solar thermal-powered desalination fountain-barge.

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Com fundamento na Lei de Fourier, válida para gradientes de temperatura em camadas paralelas de material, propõe-se um macroprojeto flutuante de dessalinização da água do mar cobrindo quase inteiramente o Golfo de Cariaco, NE Venezuela. O objetivo da Fountain-Barge Desalination Factory (FBDF), geograficamente escalável e formada principalmente de espuma de metal compósito, é a produção de água doce para ser utilizada em residências, em irrigação comercial e demais aplicações da população urbana. A rejeição de salmoura da grande FBDF poderia permitir o desenvolvimento, no século XXI, de uma indústria de aquacultura coetânea à potencial transformação da região de BSw Koppen, assim como às mudanças adjacentes no sul do Caribe [1].

Palavras-chave: Dessalinização da água do mar, indústria de aquacultura, barcaça-fonte termosolar.
Humanização da Docência em Enfermagem
Authors: Ceccato Sophia Somaio , Silva Ilda Cecília Moreira da , Loureiro Lucrécia Helena
Published: February 2019

A humanização é uma prática cada vez mais imprescindível em diferentes situações da vida do ser humano, podendo ser adaptada e ajustada conforme as necessidades. Desta forma, traçamos como objetivo analisar as estratégias utilizadas para ensino de humanização no curso de enfermagem. A metodologia utilizada foi uma revisão integrativa de literatura, publicada entre os anos de 1986 a 2016. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de consultas nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e do Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP). Foram utilizados os seguintes Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS): enfermagem, educação, humanização. Assim, a amostra da revisão foi composta de 12 estudos. O estado da arte majoritariamente qualitativo, com domínio de referências pautadas na humanização e no ensino. Concluiu-se com o estudo que há pouca discussão acerca da especificidade do ensino focado na humanização, indicando lacunas no conhecimento neste campo.A humanização está inclusa nas várias propostas educacionais, embora não com esta denominação, todavia, elas refletem o sentido do cuidar humano. Para que se concretizem estas propostas, as sugestões são de renovação, revisão de valores, mudança de posturas e capacitação docente.
UKRAINIAN CHURCH SPACE IN THE SECOND HALF 16th CENTURY
Authors: Pshenychnyi T.
Published: February 2019

The paper is subjected to thorough analysis of the phenomenon of Ukrainian church space in the second half of the 16th century. We show how the church crisis has started in the Ukrainian lands and reveals socio-political and socio-cultural factors which triggered this crisis. In addition, we try to show how the international factor deepened it. We begin with analysis of how the political forces of the Rzeczpospolita tried to take a full control over the spiritual sphere of life of the Ukrainian people. Then we continue by showcase how Russian politicians together with the administration of the Russian Orthodox Church tried to do the very same thing. Caught in political and military machinery of these two different states priests and bishops of the Ukrainian church tried to build a model on their own of preserving their identity. In 1596 it resulted in the Union of Brest, which, on the one hand split Ukrainian society into two poles – the Orthodox and Uniates, and the other gave rise to serious reform Ukrainian church space. In general, we can conclude that the Union of Brest, despite the expectations and hopes of its organizers laid the beginning of a deep ideological confrontation among Ukrainian people. Union also resulted in serious cultural and political crisis. Supporters of the union have not received from Pope and Polish king protection of their rights and liberties. Religious conflicts became very difficult for the population. The polish politicians, the Catholic Church of Poland and Russians wanted to use Ukrainian crisis to implement his plans.
Oncourologist’s opinion on the results of the CARMENA study
Authors: Volkova M. I.
Published: February 2019

Recently published results of CARMENA study seem to eliminate cytoreductive nephrectomy from current recommendations on the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients who are candidates for targeted antiangiogenic therapy. The article is devoted to the critical analysis of the CARMENA trial and review of previously published data. Taking into account available data cytoreductive nephrectomy should be still performed in carefully selected patients.
A prospective study for the assessment of thyroid function by pre and post supervised exercise protocol in newly diagnosed patients of subclinical hypothyroidism
Authors: Jhavar Dharmendra , Patel Naresh K. , Pandey V. P.
Published: February 2019

Background: The presence of raised serum TSH with serum free T4 and T3 within the reference range falls in subclinical hypothyroidism. It is a well-known fact that exercise affects the activity of thyroid glands and the production of their hormones. Author studied the effect of regular exercise in patients of newly diagnosed subclinical hypothyroidism. Pre and post-exercise thyroid function tests were evaluated to decide about the necessity to start thyroid replacement therapy or to adopt wait and watch policy.Methods: Study enrolled 100 newly diagnosed subclinical hypothyroidism patients attending this tertiary care hospital and randomised them in two groups, one group was subjected to regular physical exercise of 45-60 minutes daily along with supervised treadmill exercise stage 0 for 45-60 minutes once weekly followed by re-evaluation of thyroid function test after 30 days and second group was re-evaluated for thyroid function test without exercise after 30 days.Results: Thyroid profile parameters were compared and analysed by paired ‘t’ test, statistically significant increase in serum T3 (p value <0.05) and serum T4 (p value <0.05), along with significant reduction in TSH level (p value <0.05) were found in exercise group, while in non-exercise group changes in thyroid profile parameters were statistically not significant. There was significant reduction in mean weight in exercise group (p value <0.05), while in non-exercise group changes in weight were not significant.Conclusions: Present study concluded that regular physical exercise can improve thyroid function in patients of newly diagnosed subclinical hypothyroidism and convert them to euthyroid state.
Impact of smokeless tobacco products on myocardial infarction and stroke and it’s prognostic significance
Authors: Behera Rajesh Ranjan , Padhi Rajesh
Published: February 2019

Background: The use of smokeless tobacco (SLT) predates smoking and its effects on the health of the individuals is very much similar tobacco smoking. The present study was done with the aim to find out independent prognostic significance of ST products on disease outcome like myocardial infarction and stroke.Methods: This prospective study was done on the patients attending to the Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar with complaints suggesting of coronary artery disease and stroke during the period from July 2016 to June 2018. The exposure of risk factors and confounding factors are detailed and collected from the patients by using predesigned questionnaire. All the data was analysed by using SPSS version 20.Results: During the study period a total of 423 patients were included in the study. Mean average age of the participants was 56.58±11.23 years. Male preponderance was seen in the study. Out of total patients, myocardial infarction was noticed in 49 and stroke in 64 patients. SLT was used by 323 (76.4%) users. Among SLT both gutkha and pan was most commonly used (55.6%). Among them hypertension and diabetes were seen in 193 and 184 patients respectively. Risk of incidence of CVA and stroke was found to be more among SLT users compared to non-users.Conclusions: SLT is considered to be an important etiological factor for the incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke. There is an urgent need to increase clinical interventions and awareness in public to decrease SLT addiction.
Decomposição de esterco bovino e de biomassa de Gliricídia sepium em Neossolo Regolítico
Authors: Pérez-Marin Aldrin Martin , Sarmento Maria Iza de Arruda , Vendruscolo Jhony
Published: February 2019

O uso de resíduos orgânicos, como esterco, resíduos de culturas e adubação verde para melhorar a fertilidade do solo e produtividade agrícola é uma das estratégias utilizadas pelos agricultores familiares no Semiárido brasileiro. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a dinâmica de liberação de N, P e K após a incorporação de esterco bovino ou biomassa de gliricídia (Gliricídia sepium) ao solo. O trabalho foi conduzido em uma área com fileiras de gliricídia espaçadas 6 m entre si e 1 m entre as árvores em um Neossolo Regolítico, no Município de Esperança, PB. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados e parcelas subdivididas, com dois tratamentos principais: presença (CA) ou ausência de aleias de gliricídia (SA), dois tratamentos secundários: adubação com esterco (E) e ramas de gliricídia (G) em quatro repetições. Nas parcelas experimentais foi quantificada a liberação de N, P e K no solo, durante 120 dias, na camada de 0-20 cm. Não houve diferenças significativas das perdas de massa e N, P, K das bolsas de decomposição dos adubos orgânicos entre os sistemas CA e SA. As maiores perdas de N, P e K, ocorreram durante as primeiras duas semanas, sendo mais elevadas no tratamento G em comparação ao tratamento E, exceto a liberação de K que teve comportamento similar em ambos os adubos orgânicos. Tanto no sistema SA, como CA, ao longo de todo período de incubação houve mineralização líquida de N, entretanto não foram observados efeitos significativos das adições de gliricídia ou esterco e a testemunha.
Identification of Significant Proteins Associated with Diabetes Mellitus Using Network Analysis of Protein-Protein Interactions
Authors: Usman Muhammad Syafiuddin , Kusuma Wisnu Ananta , Afendi Farit Mochamad , Heryanto Rudi
Published: February 2019

Computation approach to identify significance of proteins related with disease was proposed as one of the solutions from the problem of experimental method application which is generally high cost and time consuming. The case of study was conducted on Diabetes Melitus (DM) type 2 diseases. Identification of significant proteins was conducted by constructing protein-protein interactions network and then analyzing the network topology. Dataset was obtained from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) and Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) which provided protein data related with a disease and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI), respectively. The results of topology analysis towards Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) showed that there were 21 significant protein associated with DM where INS as a network center protein and AKTI, TCF7L2, KCNJ11, PPARG, GCG, INSR, IAPP, SOCS3 were proteins that had close relation directly with INS.
Coronary Heart Disease Interpretation Based on Deep Neural Network
Authors: Darmawahyuni Annisa , Nurmaini Siti , Firdaus Firdaus
Published: February 2019

Coronary heart disease (CHD) population increases every year with a significant number of deaths. Moreover, the mortality from coronary heart disease gets the highest prevalence in Indonesia at 1.5 percent. The misdiagnosis of coronary heart disease is a crucial fundamental that is the major factor that caused death. To prevent misdiagnosis of CHD, an intelligent system has been designed. This paper proposed a simulation which can be used to diagnose the coronary heart disease in better performance than the traditional diagnostic methods. Some researches have developed a system using conventional neural network or other machine learning algorithm, but the results are not a good performance. Based on a conventional neural network, deeper neural network (DNN) is proposed to our model in this work. As known as, the neural network is a supervised learning algorithm that good in the classification task. In DNN model, the implementation of binary classification was implemented to diagnose CHD present (representative “1”) or CHD absent (representative “0”). To help performance analysis using the UCI machine learning repository heart disease dataset, ROC Curve and its confusion matrix were implemented in this work. The overall predictive accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity acquired was 96%, 99%, 92%, respectively.
The drug adherence and lifestyle factors that contribute to blood pressure control among hypertensive patients
Authors: ÖZÜNAL Zeynep Güneş , ALLOQİ TAHİRBEGOLLİ İliriana , BAYKAL Mehmet , ATEŞ Belen , TAHİRBEGOLLİ Bernard , KILIÇ Yiğit , ŞEN Selçuk , ÜRESİN Ali Yağız
Published: February 2019

Objectives: To investigate drug adherence and
lifestyle behaviors affecting the blood pressure (BP) control among
hypertensive patients that have uncontrolled and controlled BP.

Methods: Seventy-eight uncontrolled BP and 98 controlled BP
hypertensive patients matched on age, gender, time since hypertension diagnosis
and the number of antihypertensive drugs used were investigated using a
standardized questionnaire to evaluate lifestyle behaviors, drug adherence, the
use of complementary and alternative medicine, and health related quality of
life. Drug-drug interactions were evaluated with an electronic drug reference
software.

Results: Not taking therapy when feeling better was observed
significantly more frequently in the uncontrolled hypertensive group (OR:
0.297, %95 CI: 0.115-0.770). Uncontrolled BP hypertensive patients live more
frequently in extended family settings (p
= 0.043), they sleep less controlled BP hypertensive patients (OR: 0.749, %95
CI: 0.605-0.929). The groups did not differ statistically in terms of
Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) use (p = 0.795) and informing doctors about the use of CAMs (p = 0.910). The EuroQol five-dimensional 3 level (EQ5D3L) questionnaire Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score was significantly
higher in the control group (p = 0.011).
In both groups over 70% of patients should be monitored for therapy due to drug
interactions evaluation.

Conclusions:
Our study shows that increasing the drug adherence and sleeping hours and
living in the nuclear family is associated with improvement in blood pressure
control and health related quality of life. A comprehensive approach and good
patient-physician communication and trust are essential for well-managed
hypertension.
Talon Cusp: Two Case Reports
Authors: BAYRAKTAR Yusuf , BAHADIR Sevilay
Published: February 2019

The
talon is an accessory, irregular cusp on incisors and canines, involving in
enamel and dentine with or without pulp tissue.It was also reported in
association with syndromes, for example, Mohr Syndrome, Incontinenta pigmentii
Achromians, Ellis-van Creveld Syndrome, Struge Weber Syndrome, Rubinstein Taybi
Syndrome, and Alagille’s Syndrome. The aim of this paperwas to
describe talon tubercules in two cases. In first case the talon cusp is seen on
lingual surface of the maxillary left central tooth and there is a specific
talon tubercle which extending from the incisal edge to the cervical edge,
perpendicular to the mesiodistal surface of the tooth. In second case bilateral
talon tubercles were detected extending from the cervical region less than half
of the incisal margin on the lingual surface of the maxillary central and
lateral teeth. This present two case reports 
radiograph gives a v-shaped radiopaque image.Talon tubercle is a dental
anomaly we rarely encounter. Consequently this anomaly may occur with a
systemic syndrome Therefore, clinicians should have adequate knowledge of this
anomaly.
Strukturna pestrost gozdnih sestojev na Pahernikovi gozdni posesti
Authors: Pintar Anže Martin , Hladnik David
Published: February 2019

On Pahernik's forest estate it is possible to monitor the effects and success of at least half a century of forest management with uneven-aged forests. Based on the data from the control sampling method and the laser scanning of Slovenia, we assessed the structural diversity of forest stands with indicators and indices of stand densities, species and structural diversity of the DBH classes, the stand height classes and their heights. We compared land use in cadastral municipalities where Pahernik property is located (Vuhred, Planina, Orlica and Hudi Kot) in 1825, with land use from 2017. In all of the analyzed cadastral municipalities, the forest area share in land cover grew in the period from the 19th to 21st century. Forest cover increased by 21 % between 1825 and 2014 on Pahernik property as a whole. Differences in stand densities and in stand diversity indices between the stands where forest was not present in the 19th century and the stands on persistently forested lands were not statistically significant. In the prevalent forest site type montane and altimontane Fagus sylvatica forests on silicate bedrock we estimated that growing stock was by 20 % higher than in comparable forests of this site type elsewhere in Slovenia. At higher growing stocks and high values of indices of DBH variability in forests at Pahernik's forest estate, the estimated stand densities SDI were not higher than in forests of comparable forest site types. We estimated differences in height and structure of stand canopy according to the gradients of height classes, which have an impact on forest management within the individual forest type.
Un regard qualitatif sur la motivation en grammaire d’élèves de la fin de l’ordre élémentaire scolarisés en contexte francophone minoritaire
Authors: Thibeault Joël , Fleuret Carole
Published: February 2019

À partir de données provenant d’un questionnaire et d’une entrevue, cet article explore la motivation en grammaire de huit élèves de la fin de l’élémentaire en milieu minoritaire et la met en relation avec le développement de leur compétence à effectuer l’accord du verbe à l’écrit. Les résultats nous permettent de poser des hypothèses viables sur la relation entre la motivation en grammaire et le développement de ladite compétence. Ils révèlent aussi que, pour les élèves, le travail grammatical est fréquemment associé à la mémorisation de formes linguistiques et que celle-ci ne contribue pas à leur motivation.
“The term “all genders” would be more appropriate”: Reflections on teaching trauma literature to a gender fluid youth
Authors: Moore Amber
Published: February 2019

This paper reflects on a qualitative case study where a trauma text was taught in high school English for the purposes of analyzing students’ written responses. One gender fluid participant provided particularly compelling ideas and impressions; as such, this project revisits this data. Because self-defined identities are important (Zamani-Gallaher, 2017) and there is a lack of understanding of LGBTQ school experiences (Ressler & Chase, 2009), this paper aims to address this gap. Using intersectional feminism and narrative inquiry, this study finds that the gender fluid participant positioned themselves as ‘the equity person’ (Ahmed, 2017) through ally and accomplice work.
Hidden Children: Using Children's Literature to Develop Understanding and Empathy Toward Children of Incarcerated Parents
Authors: Reimer Val Plett
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Research indicates that children whose parents are incarcerated are a vulnerable group of people with poor life outcomes. Yet these children are not tracked in the Canadian system, making it difficult for schools to respond with appropriate supports. How can schools be inclusive to this hidden demographic of children? Framed in theories of Critical Literacy and Ethic of Care, the author proposes the use of story to develop understanding and empathy. Research shows that acknowledging these children’s experiences through story helps them to feel validated while broadening capacity for empathy among other children. Can a story develop empathy toward children of incarcerated parents? To answer this question, the author wrote a picture book about a child who visits her mother in jail, and read the story to three groups of children, interspersed and followed by rich discussions. The story elicited empathetic responses from all students, suggesting the benefits of this approach.
An Inquiry into Adolescents’ Experiences with Cognitively Demanding Writing: Time Investment and the Importance of Authenticity’
Authors: Mitton-Kukner Jennifer , Michael Heather
Published: February 2019

In this paper, we describe our 12-month inquiry into understanding adolescents’ experiences, as they engaged in writing that challenged them to construct knowledge by making claims grounded in evidence and reasoning.While engaged in the task of writing a research paper, participants’ perceptions of time were two-fold in that they consistently identified a lack of time and a lack of understanding about the time the research paper demanded.We argue enabling students to have more temporal control over their writing is related to fostering increased metacognition about writing as a process.
A magyarok táplálkozási szokásainak és tápláltsági állapotának jellemzői – Szakirodalmi áttekintés
Authors: Müller Anetta , Gabnai Zoltán , Pfau Christa Sára , Pető Károly
Published: February 2019

A hazai és nemzetközi kutatási eredmények felhívják a figyelmet az egészséges táplálkozás területét érintő változtatásokra. A szekunder adatok tanúsága szerint a megfelelő tápanyag-, vitamin- és ásványianyag-ellátottsághoz, valamint a hiányállapotok és a túlzott bevitel okoz­ta egészségproblémák megelőzéséhez elenged­hetetlen a változatos táplálkozás, különösen a zöldség- és gyümölcsfogyasztás növelése, az állati eredetű zsírok, a magas só- és cukortartalmú élelmiszerek fogyasztásának mérséklése, továbbá a gabonafélék, különösen a teljes kiőrlésű gabonák, a zsírszegény tej és tejtermékek, illetve a halak fogyasztásának növelése. Ennek érdekében kiemelten fontos a magyar lakosság tájékoztatása az egészséges táplálkozás irányelveiről, és elengedhetetlen a korszerű, közérthető élelmiszeralapú ajánlások terjesztése, valamint az egészséges élelmiszerválaszték biztosítása és elérhetővé tétele. Az egészséges táplálkozáson túl a megfelelő fizikai aktivitás – már a napi rendszerességgel végzett séta is – mérhető egészségnyereséget jelent mind az egyén, mind a társadalom számára.
JEL-kód: I12
Recent Advances in Pharmacological and Phytochemistry Studies on Phyllanthus amarus
Authors: Mansi Gupta  , J S Vaghela
Published: February 2019

The use of medicinal plants for the treatment of various diseases has been increased due to minimum side effect compared to synthetic drug. Further the herbal products are considered as safe drugs. Phyllanthus amarus claimed tribal people for remedy of different diseases namely diarrhoea, dysentery, dropsy, jaundice, intermittent fevers, kidney problems, urinary bladder disturbances, pain, gonorrhea, diabetes, urogenital disorders, chronic dysentery, skin ulcers, sores, swelling, itchiness, tubercular ulcers, ringworm, scabies and wounds. Phyllanthus amarus contains isobubbialine, epibubbialine, securinine, nor-securinine, dihydrosecurinine, geraniin, corilagin, 1,6-digalloylglucopyranoside rutin , quercetin3-O-glucopyranoside, amarulone, niranthin, nirtetralin, phyltetralin, hypophyllanthin, phyllanthin, hypo-phyllanthin, demethylenedioxy-niranthin, kaempferol, astragalin, etc chemical constituents in its different parts. The extract of Phyllanthus amarus retains multiple pharmacological activities such as Anticarcinogenic, Antiproliferative, Gastroprotective, Cardioprotective, Antileptospiral, Antibacterial, Antidiabetic, Antiviral, Antivenom, Antiinflammatory etc. We planned to illustrate the recent studies appeared in Phytochemisty and Pharmacological activities of Phyllanthus amarus in order to highlight its multi-activity properties.
Applying Google Trends web-analytic tools in socio-humanitarian and library studies
Authors: Sokolov S. V.
Published: February 2019

The article «Application of Google Trends web-analytic tools in socio-humanitarian and library studies» examines the problems of using web-statistical tools by foreign and domestic experts in the field of library and social sciences. The article is divided into five parts. The first one sets the objective and main tasks of the work, gives a general description of both Google services as a whole, and the chosen research method, discusses the history of its creation and implementation. The second part analyzes the appeal to this method by experts of the International Library Association, demonstrates this method at the IBA session in Kuala Lumpur in 2018. The third part demonstrates the method use in modern socio-humanitarian studies presented in the international full-text Springer Databases Link, Oxford University Press and Sage. The paper considers the works of German and Russian authors actively using this method in library studies. The fourth part describes the capabilities and limitations of the Google Trends toolkit compared to Yandex-Wordstat, its Russian counterpart. The fifth part presents the main conclusions and substantiates the significance of this method for sociological research, sets out prospects for the further use of the Google Trends service to solve current library problems.
Information and methodological support of activities in the field of continuing library education
Authors: Artemyeva E. B. , Lakizo I. G.
Published: February 2019

Both the library education system and Russian education system as a whole undergo a period of large-scale transformations: changing concepts and technologies; revising educational standards of higher and secondary vocational education; developing the system of additional vocational training; forming the electronic educational environment in the practice of teaching students and listeners of the supplementary education system; searching ways for educational institutions and libraries joint development. It is advisable to create information and methodological support of activities in the field of continuous library education in such conditions. The database «Library Education Institutions» generated by SPSTL SB RAS is regarded to be a base of the unified information-educational space in the field of continuous library education, which information should be used to support the educational process of specialized institutions of all levels of education training and forms in the country. It represents the system of library education in the form of a hierarchy of different levels of education, a network of specialized educational institutions in the regions, different types of educational institutions, standard and individual educational curricula, etc. The database main objectives are the following: cumulating information; searching educational institutions, programs; providing statistical information on issues related to education in Russia. A user can create a model of continuous library education in a specific region and organize the work of educational institutions and libraries to improve the librarian professionalism applying the information provided by the database «Library Education Institutions» according to a complex query.
Prison libraries of Tobolsk province in the XIX century
Authors: Zagorodnyuk N. I.
Published: February 2019

The article objective is to trace the process of prison libraries formation and features of their functioning in the XIX century under conditions of changing the Russian penitentiary system evidently for Tobolsk province. The first mention of the libraries is at the beginning of the XIX century. The author shows the book functioning process under prison conditions, its role in prisoners’ life, the first libraries formation as repositories of books and their activity, features of the educational work forms, relationship with the church and school. The initiative of distributing books of spiritual content among prisoners belongs to the church. The Bible Society played a certain role distributing the Bible and St. Scripture at the early XIX century everywhere, including prisons. At the initial stage libraries have been formed at prison churches, which book collections included literature of spiritual and moral content. Opening schools, the book collections got fiction, popular scientific literature on natural sciences and humanities. At the late XIX century every prison castle had own library working in close connection with the church: reading, conversations of spiritual and moral content, loud reading books by literate prisoners. Besides, the book performed leisure functions, contributed to the individual socialization.
Libraries polycultural activities: terminological aspects
Authors: Chadnova I. V.
Published: February 2019

The libraries polycultural activities are connected with their work in the polycultural environment. The article deals with the terminology used by libraries for this activities, defines these terms. It reveals reasons for the multicultural librarianship appearance in Europe and creation of IFLA Section «Library services to multicultural populations». The author shows definitions of «multiculturalism» and «multicultural library services» given by the International Guidelines «Library services to multicultural communities»; the difference between the conditions of creation and development of multicultural library services in Europe and the Russian libraries work in the polycultural environment. The paper represents a comparative analysis of such definitions as «multicultural» and «polycultural» by the academic Russian environment and English dictionaries. The author concludes that in our country it would be more correct to use the term «polycultural», which involves the interaction of cultures, unlike the term multicultural meaning the existence of several cultures in a society. That’s why the author speaks about the polycultural activities of Russain libraries, or about their activities in the polycultural environment aimed at interaction and mutual influence of cultures.
Global trends of libraries development: optimism vs pessimism (foreign literature review) Part 1
Authors: Redkina N. S.
Published: February 2019

The dynamic development of the external technological environment, on the one hand, impacts on libraries questioning their future existence, on the other, helps libraries to work more productively, increases competitiveness and efficiency, expands the range of social projects, develops new ways and forms of work with users taking into account their preferences in information and services. The review is based on over 500 articles searched in the world's largest databases (Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, etc.), which discuss trends and future development of libraries. Then the documents were classified according to sections and types of libraries, as well as advanced technologies. Examples of information technologies were collected and reviewed, as well as articles related to the implementation of information technologies when creating new services, with the emphasis on those that may affect libraries in the future. The latest information technologies that can be applied to the next generation library have been studied. The material is structured in blocks and presented in two parts. Thie 1st one presents such sections as: 1) challenges of the external environment and the future of libraries, 2) modern information technologies in libraries development (mobile technologies and applications, cloud computing, big data, internet of things, virtual and augmented reality, technical innovations, etc.), 4) Library 4.0 concept - new directions for libraries development. The 2nd part of the review article (Bibliosphere, 2019, 1) will touch the following issues: 1) user preferences and new library services (software for information literacy development, research data management, web archiving, etc.), 2) libraries as centers of intellectual leisure, communication platforms, places for learning, co-working, renting equipment, creativity, work, scientific experiments and leisure, 3) smart buildings and smart libraries, 4) future optimism. Based on the content analysis of publications, it is concluded that libraries should not only accumulate resources and provide access to them, but renew existing approaches to forms and content of their activities, as well as goals, missions and prospects for their development using various hard- and software, cloud computing technologies, mobile technologies and apps, social networks, etc.
The Effect of Comprehensive Rehabilitation Program plus Chemotherapy on Quality of Life of Patients with Postoperative Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A study protocol of multi-center randomized clinical trial
Authors: Yao JiaLin , Jiao Lijing , Lu Yan , Shi Jun , Li Jiaqi , Chen Peiqi , Xu Ling , Yao Yiqing , Gong Yabin
Published: February 2019

Background: Comprehensive rehabilitation therapy based on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been widely applied in various cancer treatments in China. Thus far, Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been shown to be effective in reducing the adverse effects of chemotherapy and improving the quality of life (QoL) during chemotherapy. In the present study, a more rational and effective therapeutic scheme is to be applied to assess the effects of comprehensive rehabilitation program based on CHM and Liuzijue (LZJ) exercise combined with adjuvant chemotherapy on patients with postoperative non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Methods: A multi-center, randomized clinical trial is to be performed 354 Ib-IIIa NSCLC patients in 5 centers in China. Patients satisfying the inclusion criteria are to be randomly divided into 3 group according to the ratio of 1:1:1, namely intervention group A (IGA), intervention group B (IGB) and controlled group (CG). Each group will receive adjuvant platinum-based doublet chemotherapy for 4 cycles. IGA participants receive chemotherapy combined with CHM and LZJ exercise, IGB participants receive chemotherapy combined with CHM and rehabilitation education, and CG participants receive chemotherapy combined with placebo and rehabilitation education. The primary outcome is QoL (The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer: EORTC QLQ LC43), the secondary outcomes include: (1)2 years disease-free survival rate and disease-free survival (DFS); (2) TCM symptoms; (3) tumor markers; (4) safety and adverse events (NCI CTC version 4.0).
Discussion: Our previous study reported that TCM in combination with chemotherapy could lower the overall incidence of adverse events but increase the digestive and gastrointestinal (GI) side effects than chemotherapy alone in postoperative NSCLC. The study is to lay a basis for the effectiveness of chemotherapy with or without comprehensive rehabilitation program in QoL for patients with postoperative NSCLC.
Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03372694. Registered on 17 December 2018 - Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03372694.
Keywords: Chinese herbal Medicine; Liuzijue exercise; Rehabilitation; Non-small cell lung cancer; Quality of Life.
Assessment of the Deformation of the Outer Nuclear Layer in the Epiretinal Membrane Using Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Takagi Seiji , Kudo Shigeki , Yokota Hideo , Akiba Masahiro , Mandai Michiko , Hirami Yasuhiko , Takahashi Masayo , Kurimoto Yasuo , Ishida Masahiro
Published: February 2019

Background: We aimed to investigate the deformation of the outer nuclear layer using optical coherence tomography in patients with epiretinal membrane (ERM) and its relationship with metamorphopsia.
Methods: Thirty-nine eyes from 39 patients with ERM were included in the study. Patients with the subtypes of pseudo macula hole and lamellar hole were excluded. Twenty-one fellow eyes without macular disease were included as normal controls. Forty-nine B-scan images were obtained in the range of 20 degrees around the macula using SD-OCT. The outer nuclear layer (ONL) was evaluated as a three-dimensional image (3D-ONL) reconstructed using the distance between the ONL and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) line. The deformation of the ONL was figured at the reference plane and evaluation plane (ONL-B). The characteristic parameters of the ONL-B were defined as circularity, area ratio, and axis ratio. The correlations between these parameters and visual acuity and MCHART score ratio (MH/MV) were then evaluated.
Results: ONL height was significantly higher in ERM patients than in normal controls (54.1 ± 5.3 μm and 84.1 ± 12.9 μm, respectively; P<0.001). In ERM patients, the MV score was 0.53 ± 0.50, the MH score was 0.71 ± 0.61, and the distance from the RPE line to the ONL-B was 153.5 ±13.5µm. The axis of the ONL-B in normal controls and ERM patients was -6.25±21.8 and -1.28±29.1, respectively, which indicates that the ONL is horizontally long in both normal individuals and ERM patients. The circularity and area ratio were significantly smaller in ERM patients than in normal controls. In all ERM patients, MH/MV had a significant correlation with axis (r=-0.29, p=0.034), circularity (r=-0.28, p=0.044), area ratio (r=-0.47, p=0.001). Moreover, we found that the correlation was more significant if the subjects had an axis of the ONL within ± 10 degrees (n=16); the correlations of MH/MV with axis (r=-0.29, p=0.034), circularity (r=-0.53, p=0.021), and area ratio were more significant (r=-0.78, P<0.0001).
Conclusion: The ONL is horizontally long in normal individuals and ERM patients. The direction of metamorphopsia is correlated with the direction of ONL deformation.
Keywords: Epi retinal membrane, outer nuclear layer, metamorphopsia, M chart.
Age-dependent Distribution of Astigmatism and its Component in Chinese Preschool Children
Authors: Chen Minjie , Dai Jinhui , Sun Xinghuai
Published: February 2019

Background: There is an compensatory effect between corneal astigmatism (CA) and internal astigmatism (IA). And the refractive astigmatism (RA) decreased fast in the early 3 years. Nevertheless, little attention was paid to the change in astigmatism in preschool children. Thus, we aimed to investigate the age-dependent distribution of astigmatism and its component in Chinese preschool children from year 3 to year 6 and also, to study the relationship between ocular biometry and IA.
Methods: Automated refraction, keratometry and axial length (AL) were performed in this cross-sectional study. The IA was determined as the vector difference between RA and CA. The magnitude and type (with-the-rule WTR, against-the-rule ATR, oblique) of RA, CA and IA were investigated according to the age. Spearman correlation was adopted to detect the factors that may influence IA.
Results: A total of 2315 subjects (2315 right eyes) (47.38% female) with a mean age of 4.52±0.88 years (range 3-6 years) were included. The magnitude and the ratio of three kinds of CA components did not change with aging (p=0.1233 and p>0.1, respectively). Though the axial distribution of RA remained unchanged with aging, a significant reduction in RA was seen in year 6 compared to that of year 3 and year 4 (p=0.036 and 0.041, respectively). Conversely，the ATR component in IA was lower in year 6 (68.02%) than it in year 3 (81.92%) and year 4 (77.12%) (both p<0.001) accompanied by increased frequency of oblique astigmatism in year 6 than it in year 3 and year 4 (p<0.001 and p=0.012,respectively). Negative relationship was found between IA and AL.
Conclusion: RA decreased from year 3 to year 6. The shift of the axis in IA from ATR to Oblique and WTR may account for the reduction in RA. Eyes with shorter AL had larger IA.
Keywords: Internal astigmatism; corneal astigmatism; axial length; with-the-rule.
Minimum alveolar concentration-awake of sevoflurane in women of breast surgery with sleep disorders
Authors: Cao Yuanyuan , Zhang Lei , Peng Xiaohui , Wu Yun , Zhang Qunlin , Gu Erwei , Zhang Ye
Published: February 2019

Background: Sleep disorders are commonly encountered in clinic. Evidences showed that sleep deprivation may modulate the effectiveness of general anesthetics in rats. However, this phenomenon has not been explored in humans. The study aimed to investigate whether the hypnotic potency of sevoflurane in patients with sleep disorders differ from patients with normal sleep habits.
Methods: We recruited 44 patients scheduled for elective breast surgery and eventually analyzed 38 patients, including 19 subjects with normal sleep habits and 19 subjects with sleep disorders. According to the Dixon ‘up-and-down’ design, patients received sevoflurane at preselected concentrations starting at 1.0 vol%. After a steady-state period, a verbal command for testing awakening was performed. Based on the negative or positive response to the verbal command, we decreased or increased the concentration of sevoflurane by 0.2 vol% in the next patient accordingly. Plasma orexin-A was also measured before observation.
Results: The MACawake of sevoflurane was 0.80% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.683–0.926%] in the sleep disordered group vs 0.60% [95% CI, 0.493–0.689%] in the control group. The relative median potency between groups was 0.750 (95% CI, 0.236–0.969). Patients with sleep disorders had significantly higher orexin-A levels than control (72.17 ± 18.24 vs. 36.16 ± 14.18 pg/mL). A significant, positive relationship was detected between orexin-A level and probability of awakening (OR = 1.081, 95% CI is 1.020–1.146, P = 0.008).
Conclusions: MACawake of sevoflurane is higher in patients with sleep disorders compared to those with normal sleep habits. The increased anesthetic requirement may be related to changes of orexin-A levels. These findings suggest that sleep may have a potential impact on clinical anesthesia, including changes of sensitivity to anesthetics or postoperative complications. Further research is needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Clinical Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1800016022), date of registration 07 May 2017.
Keywords: Sevoflurane; MACawake (minimum alveolar concentration of awake); orexin-A; sleep disorders.
Quantifying the Effects of Chelated Calcium and Salicylic Acid on the Postharvest Quality of Poinsettia Cuttings
Authors: Samarakoon Uttara C. , Faust James E.
Published: February 2019

Vegetatively propagated unrooted cuttings typically are grown in equatorial locations and shipped via airfreight to propagators located in temperate climates. Cutting quality, defined as the resistance to external forces, such as physical damage and pathogen infection, impacts postharvest durability during shipping and propagation. During our previous studies, foliar application of calcium (Ca) in the form of Ca chloride was effective at increasing leaf mechanical strength of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) and zonal geranium (Pelargonium ×hortorum). Calcium chloride applied at ≥800 mg·L−1 Ca caused phytotoxicity symptoms in poinsettia; therefore, in the current work, we investigated the use of chelated Ca by providing Ca at 40, 80, or 160 mg·L−1 and salicylic acid (SA) at 150 or 300 mg·L−1 to increase the mechanical strength of poinsettia leaves. Mechanical strength of leaves was assessed using a force-displacement graph generated from a texture analyzer using a ball probe to penetrate a unit area of a clamped leaf. The peak force to fracture the leaf and work-of-penetration, defined as the area under the force-displacement curve, were used as indicators of mechanical strength. Calcium concentration in the leaves increased by 27% with increased application of Ca from 0 to 160 mg·L−1. Peak force was 26% greater in treatments with Ca at 80 or 160 mg·L−1 compared with the untreated control. Work-of-penetration was 24% and 29% greater for treatments with Ca at 80 and 160 mg·L−1, respectively, compared with the control. Foliar application of SA did not affect leaf mechanical strength. Chelated Ca applied at 160 mg·L−1 Ca caused visual phytotoxicity symptoms; thus, applications of 80 mg·L−1 Ca are recommended to improve resistance to physical damage for poinsettia leaves.
MINIMALLY INVASIVE UROLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS IN OUTPATIENT CLINIC ON THE EXAMPLE OF PROSTATE BIOPSY
Authors: Gevorkyan Ashot , Ishmuratov Maxim , Lumpov Ilya , Petrosyan Samvel , Sharshunov Daniel
Published: February 2019

One of the main directions of improving medical care was the introduction of inpatient forms of medical care for patients who do not require round-the-clock supervision.

Aim of the research: to prove the effectiveness and economic feasibility of minimally invasive procedures in outpatient conditions.

Materials and methods. The study included 3524 patients in the period from 2010 to 2017, who underwent transrectal prostate biopsy on the basis of the Department of urology of polyclinic No. 195 of the Western district of Moscow. For comparison, the patients were taken, who underwent a biopsy of the prostate gland at the base hospital No. 31, No. 51, No. 17.

Results. The average number of biopsies performed in hospital No. 31, No. 51 and No. 17 for the year amounted to 344 biopsies, and the average detectability of prostate cancer was 142 (41.3 %). The average number of biopsies per year in the urology department of the branch number 2 GP No. 195 amounted to 440.5, and the average detectability of prostate cancer – 152.8 (34.7 %). Thus, with comparable inpatient detection of prostate cancer in one large outpatient urology center, an average of 28 % more biopsies are performed (440.5 versus 344) than in 3 hospitals over a comparable period of time.

Conclusions. Inpatient technologies can reduce the burden on hospitals. The development of hospital-replacing forms is determined by the need of the population and for efficient use of financial and technical resources of health care.