bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Card or cash? Evidence regarding consumers' cooperative value‐added tax compliance
Authors: Kim Youngrok , Wan Hongyu , Kang Minjo
Published: October 2022

Cashless payments discourage value‐added tax (VAT) evasion through transaction records; and they essentially require cooperation from consumers and small business owners. As indirect VAT payers, consumers' payment methods decisively influence the final VAT declaration. However, the literature has yet to investigate consumers' collusive VAT evasion. This study uses data from approximately 7300 taxpayers as collected by the National Survey of Tax and Benefit of South Korea to examine the impacts of perceived trust paradigms on consumers' responses to payment methods when small business owners offer discount benefits. The results reveal that perceived trust in government significantly strengthens consumers' cooperative VAT compliance. We also discover that when the discount amounts are higher, trust has a greater impact on cooperative VAT compliance. The study contributes to the tax literature by demonstrating that trust can improve consumers' cooperative VAT compliance.
Does EU and US paediatric legislation improve the authorization availability of medicines for children in other countries?
Authors: Volodina Anna , Shah‐Rohlfs Rupal , Jahn Albrecht
Published: October 2022

Aim

For over 15 years, the pharmaceutical industry has been engaged in developing medicines for children to comply with the European Union (EU) and the United States (US) regulatory requirements. We assessed the authorization availability of these medicines in countries without paediatric regulatory obligations. Special attention was given to the authorization availability of paediatric formulations.

Methods

Medicines for children were sampled from the US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency websites. We carried out systematic content analysis of product information and compared paediatric labelling in Australia, Brazil, Canada, Russia and South Africa with the EU or the US. The authorization availability of paediatric formulations in originator and generic medicines was reviewed. In Kenya, the authorization availability of sampled medicines and paediatric formulations was investigated.

Results

A total of 161 medicines authorized in the EU or the US were sampled. Whilst at least one paediatric indication was found in 70% of the medicines, the EU and US level of authorization was on average 38% in Australia, Brazil, Canada, Russia and South Africa. Paediatric formulations were authorized on average for 40% of originator and 36% of generic medicines. Kenya had the lowest authorization availability of medicines (40%) and formulations (26%).

Conclusions

The authorization availability of novel medicines for children is lower in countries without paediatric regulatory obligations. Paediatric formulations often do not reach other countries if left unregulated, and their generic uptake is low. To increase authorization availability, submission of paediatric development results should become obligatory in each jurisdiction. Policy initiatives to stimulate the introduction of developed formulations should be encouraged.
The Therapist as an Ally of Lost Good Objects
Authors: Shavit Yaniv , Tolmacz Rami
Published: October 2022

The present article addresses the therapeutic potential of salvaging the historic good object and its revival in the patient's mind. This goal is particularly challenging in the context of psychotherapy conducted with adolescents and adults who have a background of relational trauma, when the approaches and histories of both patient and therapist are liable to join forces and bring about a split: between seeing significant objects from the patient's past as essentially bad and seeing the therapist as all good. One of the potentially troublesome outcomes of this situation is the danger of a Gordian knot being created, between the perception of the historic object as all bad and the parallel and persistent experience of the individual as undeserving, destructive, and devoid of love. To loosen this knot, which would allow feelings of vitality and hope to take root, it is important to salvage the historic good object of both participants in the therapeutic encounter. These issues will be illustrated by means of a case study of psychotherapy conducted with an adolescent.
Primary hyperoxaluria: Comprehensive mutation screening of the disease causing genes and spectrum of disease‐associated pathogenic variants
Authors: Abid Aiysha , Raza Ali , Khan Abdul Rafay , Firasat Sadaf , Shahid Saba , Hashmi Seema , Zafar Mirza Naqi , Sultan Sajid , Khaliq Shagufta , Rizvi Syed Adib‐ul‐Hasan
Published: October 2022

The primary hyperoxalurias are rare disorders of glyoxylate metabolism. Accurate diagnosis is essential for therapeutic and management strategies. We conducted a molecular study on patients suffering from recurrent calcium‐oxalate stones and nephrocalcinosis and screened primary hyperoxaluria causing genes in a large cohort of early‐onset cases. Disease‐associated pathogenic‐variants were defined as missense, nonsense, frameshift‐indels, and splice‐site variants with a reported minor allele frequency <1% in controls. We found pathogenic‐variants in 34% of the cases. Variants in the AGXT gene causing PH‐I were identified in 81% of the mutation positive cases. PH‐II‐associated variants in the GRHPR gene are found in 15% of the pediatric PH‐positive population. Only 3% of the PH‐positive cases have pathogenic‐variants in the HOGA1 gene, responsible to cause PH‐III. A population‐specific AGXT gene variant c.1049G>A; p.Gly350Asp accounts for 22% of the PH‐I‐positive patients. Pathogenicity of the identified variants was evaluated by in‐silico tools and ACMG guidelines. We have devised a rapid and low‐cost approach for the screening of PH by using targeted‐NGS highlighting the importance of an accurate and cost‐effective screening platform. This is the largest study in Pakistani pediatric patients from South‐Asian region that also expands the mutation spectrum of the three known genes.
The constitutional gain‐of‐function variant p.Glu1099Lys in NSD2 is associated with a novel syndrome
Authors: Popp Bernt , Brugger Melanie , Poschmann Sibylle , Bartolomaeus Tobias , Radtke Maximilian , Hentschel Julia , Di Donato Nataliya , Rump Andreas , Gburek‐Augustat Janina , Graf Elisabeth , Wagner Matias , Sorge Ina , Lemke Johannes R , Meitinger Thomas , Abou Jamra Rami , Strehlow Vincent , Brunet Theresa
Published: October 2022

NSD2 dimethylates histone H3 at lysine 36 (H3K36me2) and is located in the Wolf‐Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) critical region. Recent descriptions have delineated loss‐of‐function (LoF) variants in NSD2 with a distinct disorder. The oncogenic missense variant p.Glu1099Lys occurs somatically in leukemia and has a gain‐of‐function (GoF) effect. We describe two individuals carrying p.Glu1099Lys as heterozygous de novo germline variant identified by exome sequencing (ES) of blood DNA and subsequently confirmed in two ectodermal tissues. Clinically, these individuals are characterized by intellectual disability, coarse/ square facial gestalt, abnormalities of the hands, and organomegaly. Public cell lines with NSD2 GoF variants had increased K36me2, DNA promoter methylation, and dysregulated RNA expression. NSD2 GoF caused by p.Glu1099Lys is associated with a novel phenotype different from WHS and Rauch–Steindl syndrome (RAUST).
The impact of implant‐related characteristics on dental implant blooming: An in vitro study
Authors: Tarce Mihai , de Greef Alexander , Lahoud Pierre , de Faria Vasconcelos Karla , Jacobs Reinhilde , Quirynen Marc
Published: October 2022

Aim

To assess, in vitro, variables potentially influencing implant blooming using a human‐like imaging phantom and 3D‐printed mandibles.

Material and Methods

Sixty implants were inserted in 3D‐printed mandibles in 26 different configurations in order to examine the impact of implant diameter, presence of a cover screw, implant design/material, implant position, and the presence of additional implants on implant blooming using two cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) devices (Accuitomo [ACC] and NewTom [NWT]). Two observers measured the amount of implant blooming in both buccolingual and mesiodistal directions. Inter‐rater agreement and descriptive statistics, grouped by implant characteristic and CBCT device, were calculated.

Results

Both CBCT devices increased implant diameter (a mean increase of 9.2% and 11.8% for titanium, 20.3% and 24.4% for zirconium, for ACC and NWT, respectively). An increase in implant diameter did not increase the amount of blooming, whereas placing a cover screw did (from 8.0% to 10.9% for ACC, and from 10.0% to 15.6% for NWT). Moreover, implant design, anatomical region, and the presence of another implant also affected the extent of the blooming.

Conclusions

Dental implants show a clear diameter increase on CBCT, with the effect being more pronounced for zirconium than for titanium implants. Similar effects are likely to occur in the clinical setting, potentially masking nonosseointegration, reducing the dimensions of peri‐implant defects, and/or causing underestimation of the buccal bone thickness.
The regulatory mechanism and therapeutic potential of transcription factor EB in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Jiao Fengjuan , Zhou Bojie , Meng Lingyan
Published: October 2022

The autophagy‐lysosomal pathway (ALP) is involved in the degradation of protein aggregates and damaged organelles. Transcription factor EB (TFEB), a major regulator of ALP, has emerged as a leading factor in addressing neurodegenerative disease pathology, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), PolyQ diseases, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In this review, we delineate the regulation of TFEB expression and its functions in ALP. Dysfunctions of TFEB and its role in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases are reviewed. We summarize the protective effects and molecular mechanisms of some TFEB‐targeted agonists in neurodegenerative diseases. We also offer our perspective on analyzing the pros and cons of these agonists in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases from the perspective of drug development. More studies on the regulatory mechanisms of TFEB in other biological processes will aid our understanding of the application of TFEB‐targeted therapy in neurodegeneration.
Negative interactions between humans and Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) in northern Pakistan
Authors: Ali Abid , Uz Zaman Iftikhar , Omer Talha , Ahmad Shakeel , López‐Bao José Vicente
Published: October 2022

The conservation of the vulnerable Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) in Pakistan is challenged by retaliatory killing, driven by negative interactions between people and bears, such as livestock depredation. We distributed a questionnaire among 369 individuals in rural communities within the Mansehra District, Pakistan, where bear retaliatory killings are often reported. We focused on human–Asiatic black bear negative interactions, such as livestock depredations, crop damage, and human injuries occurring between 2015 and 2019. Although the number of livestock depredation events was small in absolute terms (an average of 11.5 livestock heads reported to be killed annually), it had a large estimated economic impact in terms of local economies ($1367 per year, or a total of $5.469 between 2015 and 2019). Such annual estimated costs account for 93% of the per capita gross domestic product for Pakistan, roughly equivalent to $55,853 for a US citizen. Additionally, 30 incidents between people and bears were registered, where 6% human were fatal. We recommend awareness campaigns on different mitigating interventions, and training on how to use them, as well as behaviors to reduce the risk of negative interactions.
Lipid transfer protein allergy: characterization and comparison to birch‐related food allergy
Authors: Wolters Paula , Ostermann Thomas , Hofmann Silke C.
Published: October 2022

Background

Lipid transfer proteins (LTP) are a frequent elicitor of anaphylaxis to plant‐derived food allergens in southern Europe.

Patients and methods

15 German patients with LTP allergy were compared to 17 patients with birch‐related food allergy (BRFA) using a detailed anamnesis, serology, skin tests, and the FAQLQ‐AF quality of life questionnaire.

Results

While patients with BRFA mainly reacted to tree nuts, and pome and stone fruits, LTP allergic individuals reported vegetables, berry fruits, cereals, and seeds as common additional elicitors. Anaphylaxis was associated with cofactors in 73 % of LTP allergic patients compared to only 6 % in BRFA (P < 0.001). Symptoms occurred delayed by more than one hour in 40 % and were triggered by raw and cooked foodstuffs in 86 % of LTP allergic patients, compared to only 6 % and 41 % of BRFA patients, respectively. A peach prick test was positive in all LTP allergic patients, but only in 15 % of BRFA patients (P < 0.001). Although patients with LTP allergy reported severe anaphylaxis more frequently, quality of life did not differ between groups.

Conclusions

Anaphylaxis to plant‐derived foodstuffs warrants assessment by IgE detection to Pru p 3 and skin tests with peach extract, particularly if cofactors and intolerance to heated foodstuffs are related.
Sandy beach dwelling crickets (Orthoptera: Trigonidiidae) have no preference for substrates that match their body color
Authors: Sato Riho , Kuriwada Takashi
Published: October 2022

Habitat choice is an important behavior for maximizing fitness. One of the factors involved in habitat choice is preference for habitat substrates. In the context of predatory avoidance, it is adaptive to prefer substrates that are matched to own body color. The ground cricket Dianemobius csikii (Bolívar, 1901) occurs on sandy beaches. The body color of D. csikii resembles the sand of their habitat, which could be a form of crypsis. If D. csikii is not able to choose a suitable habitat background that matches their body color, the crickets incur a high risk of predation. The risk could result in population decline of the cricket. To examine whether D. csikii shows preference for substrates that match its body color, we undertook a two‐choice test of sand or soil substrates after controlling the type of flooring substrates used during rearing. The crickets did not show preference for sand. There was no significant effect of flooring substrates during the nymph stage on the preference. These results suggest that when habitats are fragmented, crickets do not actively choose a cryptic background. There were significant differences in the substrate preference between sexes. These results reflect differences in the reproductive strategies of males and females.
Chaotic spotted hyena optimizer for numerical problems
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Singh Dilbag
Published: October 2022

Spotted hyena optimizer (SHO) is a new metaheuristic algorithm that replicates spotted hyenas' hunting and social behaviour. This article proposes novel SHO algorithm that utilizes chaotic maps for fine‐tuning of control parameters. The chaotic maps help SHO to enhance the searching behaviour and preclude the solution to get trapped in local optima. The authors suggest 10 novel chaotic versions of SHO. The algorithms' performance is evaluated using 29 standardized test functions. The finding reveal that some of the presented algorithms outperform the standard SHO in terms of search capability and solution quality. In addition, five competitive approaches are compared with the suggested algorithms. It is observed from the results that chaos‐based spotted hyena optimizer (CSHO) achieved approximately 3% improvement over SHO in terms of fitness value. CSHO is also tested using five engineering design problems. CSHO achieved a 3%–5% improvement over the existing metaheuristic algorithms in terms of optimal design cost. Experimental results reveal that CSHO outperforms the existing metaheuristic algorithms.
Investigating moderators of daily marital to parent–child spillover: Individual and family systems approaches
Authors: Kuo Patty X. , Lee Kejin , Johnson Victoria J. , Starr Emily J.
Published: October 2022

Objective

We tested whether cognitive reappraisal and coparenting quality moderate marital to parent–child spillover in mothers and fathers.

Background

The influence of marital relationship quality on parent–child relationships, referred to as the spillover effect, is well documented. Factors that may attenuate the occurrence of spillover, however, remain unclear. Cognitive reappraisal, an emotion regulation strategy that promotes the reframing of emotional situations as neutral or positive, and coparenting—the intermediate subsystem between the marital and parent–child relationships—may buffer the effects of marital to parent–child spillover.

Method

Using daily diary data from mother–father couples (N = 96) of young children (Mage = 3.22 years), we investigated coparenting quality and cognitive reappraisal as moderators of marital and parent–child spillover within and between days.

Results

Dyadic multilevel models revealed within‐day spillover of marital emotional climate and parent–child emotional climate for both mothers and fathers. Whereas cognitive reappraisal moderated spillover for fathers, no significant moderators emerged for mothers. Fathers also experienced next‐day associations between marital emotional climate and parent–child emotional climate the following day, whereas mothers did not. Coparenting quality accounted for next‐day associations between fathers' marital emotional climate and parent–child climate.

Conclusion

Overall, our results evince that although spillover can be attenuated by both cognitive reappraisal and coparenting quality for fathers, the same is not true for mothers.

Implications

These results signify the importance of considering mother and father differences in empirical investigations of spillover effects and processes within the family system, and the clinical implications recommended to marriage and family therapists.
Loss of the world's smallest forests
Authors: Riva Federico , Martin Caroline J. , Millard Koreen , Fahrig Lenore
Published: October 2022

A large number of small forests typically harbor higher biodiversity than a small number of large forests totaling the same area, suggesting that small patches are disproportionately valuable for biodiversity conservation. However, policies often favor protection of large forest patches. Here we demonstrate a global trend of higher deforestation in small than large forest patches: the likelihood that a randomly selected forest plot disappeared between 1992 and 2020 increased with decreasing size of the forest patch containing that plot. Our results imply a disproportionate impact of forest loss on biodiversity relative to the total forest area removed. Achieving recent commitments of the post‐2020 Global Biodiversity Framework will require revision of current policies and increased societal awareness of the importance of small habitat patches for biodiversity protection.
Immunomodulatory effect of IL‐1RA in LPS‐activated macrophage/dental pulp stem cells co‐culture
Authors: Gopinath Vellore Kannan , Mohammad Mohammad G. , Sheela Soumya
Published: October 2022

Aims

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)‐activated human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and macrophage co‐cultures showed downregulated TNF‐α secretion that is modulated by hDPSCs through IDO axis, whereas the secretory levels of IL‐1β remained unchanged. Therefore, sustained production of IL‐1β could contribute to progressive dental pulp inflammation. However, the role of interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1RA) in downregulating the secretion of IL‐1β and TNF‐α in LPS‐activated M0/M1/M2 macrophage and hDPSCs co‐culture has not been studied yet. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the immunomodulatory role of blocking IL‐1 receptors in DPSCs macrophage co‐culture activated with LPS.

Methodology

Human monocytic cell line THP‐1 was polarized to M0, M1 and M2 macrophages and co‐cultured with hDPSCs. The viability of the co‐cultured cells was assessed by apoptosis assay. Co‐cultures were activated with LPS followed by the assessment of gene expression and protein levels of IL‐1β and TNF‐α with and without IL‐1RA blocking via qRT‐PCR and cytokine flex assay by flow cytometry. Data from three separate experiments were analysed using one‐way anova followed by Tukey's post hoc test and a p‐value of <.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

THP‐1‐derived M0, M1 and M2 macrophages co‐cultured with hDPSCs showed spindle and round‐shaped cells, with >90% viability when assessed by apoptosis assay. Inflammatory TNF‐α and IL‐1β profiles in stimulated co‐cultures showed upregulated IL‐1β, whereas TNF‐α was downregulated (p < .05). Anti‐inflammatory gene expression levels of IL‐10 and TGF‐β were downregulated (p < .05). Blocking with IL‐1RA resulted in a remarkable decrease in IL‐1β at the gene expression and protein production levels whilst TNF‐α levels remained low (p < .05). Levels of anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10 showed no significant difference.

Conclusion

Blocking the IL‐1 receptor in hDPSCs and macrophage (M0, M1, M2) co‐cultures activated with LPS resulted in downregulation of inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and TNF‐α. These findings highlight the immunomodulatory effect of IL‐1RA in inflammatory conditions of dental pulp infections.
Valorisation of Basa fish (Pangasius bocourti) waste: Oil extraction and encapsulation
Authors: Debbarma Ashika , Kumar Vivekanand , Mishra Prashant K. , Kakatkar Aarti S. , Gautam Raj Kamal , Umra Farhat , Chatterjee Suchandra
Published: October 2022

Fish waste is a source of various nutraceuticals and bioactive compounds such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), peptides, vitamins and minerals. This waste can be utilised for the extraction of fish oil for the preparation of value‐added supplements for humans. In this study, oil was extracted from wastes (bones, head and viscera) of Basa (Pangasius bocourti) fish and encapsulated with alginate as a coating material using the simple extrusion process. In total fatty acid composition, the most predominant was monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (30.74–61.67%), followed by saturated fatty acid (SFA) (26.45–38.22%) and PUFA (7.03–21.01%) in different sections. Alginate concentration (2.5%) with oil loading of 30% showed higher emulsion stability with the least pore space, hence, considered optimum for encapsulation of oil. The encapsulated beads were stable up to 12 days as determined by peroxide value (18.67 ± 1.15 meq Kg−1), acid value (14.13 ± 0.35 mg KOH g−1) and free fatty acid value (8.42 ± 0.51%) when stored at room temperature.
Selection and validation of reference genes for qPCR analysis of differentiation and maturation of THP‐1 cells into M1 macrophage‐like cells
Authors: Ren Guoqiang , Juhl Morten , Peng Qiuyue , Fink Trine , Porsborg Simone Riis
Published: October 2022

For cell‐based assays studying monocytes and macrophages, the immortalized monocyte cell line THP‐1 is widely used and stimulated with phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and/or interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), after which it differentiates and polarizes into proinflammatory M1‐like macrophages. For the quantification of this and the effect of different factors affecting these processes, the expression levels of various maturation markers are determined using reverse transcription‐quantitative PCR. For this purpose, stably expressed reference genes are crucial. However, no studies evaluating the stability of reference genes in THP‐1 cells stimulated with LPS and IFN‐γ have been performed. Therefore, this paper describes the selection of the most used reference genes [RPL37A (ribosomal protein L37a), GAPDH (glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase), UBC (ubiquitin C), B2M (0β2‐microbulin), ACTB (β‐actin) and PPIA (cyclophilin A)], the in silico primer design, the analysis and the validation of these in accordance with the MIQE (Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Real‐Time PCR Experiments) guidelines and more recent recommendations for the validation of the stability of reference genes. Using the RefFinder platform, including the four most popular algorithms for reference gene validation, the Delta CT, BestKeeper, NormFinder and geNorm, we find the reference genes GAPDH and UBC to be the most stable. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the normalization of gene expression data using the least stable reference genes, ACTB and B2M, dramatically affects the interpretation of experimental data. Taken together, it is vital to validate the stability of reference genes under the specific experimental conditions used when utilizing the THP‐1 monocyte model system.
The role of neutrophils in trained immunity
Authors: Kalafati Lydia , Hatzioannou Aikaterini , Hajishengallis George , Chavakis Triantafyllos
Published: October 2022

The principle of trained immunity represents innate immune memory due to sustained, mainly epigenetic, changes triggered by endogenous or exogenous stimuli in bone marrow (BM) progenitors (central trained immunity) and their innate immune cell progeny, thereby triggering elevated responsiveness against secondary stimuli. BM progenitors can respond to microbial and sterile signals, thereby possibly acquiring trained immunity‐mediated long‐lasting alterations that may shape the fate and function of their progeny, for example, neutrophils. Neutrophils, the most abundant innate immune cell population, are produced in the BM from committed progenitor cells in a process designated granulopoiesis. Neutrophils are the first responders against infectious or inflammatory challenges and have versatile functions in immunity. Together with other innate immune cells, neutrophils are effectors of peripheral trained immunity. However, given the short lifetime of neutrophils, their ability to acquire immunological memory may lie in the central training of their BM progenitors resulting in generation of reprogrammed, that is, “trained”, neutrophils. Although trained immunity may have beneficial effects in infection or cancer, it may also mediate detrimental outcomes in chronic inflammation. Here, we review the emerging research area of trained immunity with a particular emphasis on the role of neutrophils and granulopoiesis.
Factors related to mental health effect among nursing students in Japan and the United States during the coronavirus pandemic: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kondo Akiko , Abuliezi Renaguli , Niitsu Kosuke , Naruse Kazuko , Oki Tomomi , Ota Erika , Ezeonwu Mabel C.
Published: October 2022

In the context of mental health, university students have been considered a vulnerable population. However, limited studies have underscored the association between preventive health behaviour levels and mental health effects among nursing students. The current cross‐sectional study provides a comparative analysis of the impact of mental health factors on nursing students in Japan and the United States (US) in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. The study consisted of 878 participants, comprising both undergraduate and graduate nursing students from four universities in Japan, and one from the US. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to analyse the participant data in this study. In contrast to the American students, the Japanese students demonstrated significantly lower levels of perceived control and significantly higher levels of preventive health behaviours. Furthermore, Japanese students exhibited significantly higher levels of stress and/or symptoms of depression induced by the social distancing orders compared to the American students (z = −4.218, P < 0.001). However, no difference was observed after adjusting for perceived control, individual factors, socio‐economic factors, and preventive behaviours. During the pandemic, risk factors that can worsen mental health among the nursing students included younger age [odds ratio (95%CI) = 0.62 (0.48–0.81)], women [OR = 2.17 (1.02–4.61)], higher preventive health behaviour [OR = 1.05 (1.02–1.08)], lower perceived control [OR = 0.97 (0.94–0.99)], and lower perceived health competence [OR = 0.93 (0.90–0.96)]. Thus, this study recommends establishing training programmes that enhance perceived control and perceived health competence while encouraging preventive behaviour to support the mental health of nursing students, particularly young female students.
Management of wounds with exposed bone structures using an induced‐membrane followed by polymethyl methacrylate and second‐stage skin grafting in the elderly with a 3‐year follow‐up
Authors: Cai Leyi , Hong Zipu , Zhang Yingying , Xiang Guangheng , Luo Peng , Gao Weiyang , Li Zhijie , Zhou Feiya
Published: October 2022

The treatment of traumatic wounds with exposed bone or tendons is often challenging. An induced membrane (IM) is used to reconstruct bone defects, as it provides an effective and sufficient blood supply for bone and soft‐tissue reconstruction. This study explored a novel two‐stage strategy for wound management, consisting of initial wound coverage with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and an autologous split‐thickness skin graft under the IM. Fifty inpatients were enrolled from December 2016 to December 2019. Each patient underwent reconstruction according to a two‐stage process. In the first stage, the defect area was thoroughly debrided, and the freshly treated wound was then covered using PMMA cement. After 4‐6 weeks, during the second stage, the PMMA cement was removed to reveal an IM covering the exposed bone and tendon. An autologous split‐thickness skin graft was then performed. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemical analysis of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CD31 and CD34 were used to evaluate the IM and compare it with the normal periosteal membrane (PM). The psychological status and the Lower Extremity Function Scale (LEFS) as well as any complications were recorded at follow‐up. We found that all skin grafts survived and evidenced no necrosis or infection. H&E staining revealed vascularised tissue in the IM, and immunohistochemistry showed a larger number of VEGF‐, CD31‐ and CD34‐positive cells in the IM than in the normal PM. The duration of healing in the group was 5.40 ± 1.32 months with a mean number of debridement procedures of 1.92 ± 0.60. There were two patients with reulceration in the group. The self‐rating anxiety scale scores ranged from 35 to 60 (mean 48.02 ± 8.12). Postoperatively, the LEFS score was 50.10 ± 9.77. Finally, our strategy for the management of a non‐healing wound in the lower extremities, consisting of an IM in combination with skin grafting, was effective, especially in cases in which bony structures were exposed in the elderly. The morbidity rate was low.
Systematic review of groin wound surgical site infection incidence after arterial intervention
Authors: Gwilym Brenig Llwyd , Locker Dafydd Tudor , Matthews Emily Kate , Mazumdar Eshan , Adamson Georgia , Wall Michael Lewis , Bosanquet David Charles
Published: October 2022

The objectives were to determine the surgical site infection incidence (including superficial/deep) fter arterial intervention through non‐infected groin incisions and identify variables associated with incidence. MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL databases were searched for randomised controlled trials and observational studies of adults undergoing arterial intervention through a groin incision and reported surgical site infection. Infection incidence was examined in subgroups, variables were subjected to meta‐regression. One hundred seventeen studies reporting 65 138 groin incisions in 42 347 patients were included. Overall surgical site infection incidence per incision was 8.1% (1730/21 431): 6.3% (804/12 786) were superficial and 1.9% (241/12 863) were deep. Superficial infection incidence was higher in randomised controlled trials (15.8% [278/1762]) compared with observational studies (4.8% [526/11 024]); deep infection incidence was similar (1.7% (30/1762) and 1.9% (211/11 101) respectively). Aneurysmal pathology (β = −10.229, P < .001) and retrospective observational design (β = −1.118, P = .002) were associated with lower infection incidence. Surgical site infection being a primary outcome was associated with a higher incidence of surgical site infections (β = 3.429, P = .017). The three‐fold higher incidence of superficial surgical site infection reported in randomised controlled trials may be because of a more robust clinical review of patients. These results should be considered when benchmarking practice and could inform future trial design.
Achieving diversity in study populations: The importance of community engagement
Authors: Brangman Sharon A.
Published: October 2022

The majority of clinical trials currently and historically do not include older adults or non‐white participants. While more women are being recruited, their numbers are still limited. It is very hard to interpret trial results and apply them to older adults when their participation in clinical trials is limited. The focus of this article is the lack of clinical trial participation by persons of diverse races and ethnicities and the presentation of a model infrastructure grounded in community engagement that is proving to be effective in increasing the interest and participation of older African Americans in research.
Neurochemical, histological, and behavioral profiling of the acute, sub‐acute, and chronic MPTP mouse model of Parkinsonʼs disease
Authors: Santoro Matteo , Fadda Paola , Klephan Katie J. , Hull Claire , Teismann Peter , Platt Bettina , Riedel Gernot
Published: October 2022

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a heterogeneous multi‐systemic disorder unique to humans characterized by motor and non‐motor symptoms. Preclinical experimental models of PD present limitations and inconsistent neurochemical, histological, and behavioral readouts. The 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of PD is the most common in vivo screening platform for novel drug therapies; nonetheless, behavioral endpoints yielded amongst laboratories are often discordant and inconclusive. In this study, we characterized neurochemically, histologically, and behaviorally three different MPTP mouse models of PD to identify translational traits reminiscent of PD symptomatology. MPTP was intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered in three different regimens: (i) acute—four injections of 20 mg/kg of MPTP every 2 h; (ii) sub‐acute—one daily injection of 30 mg/kg of MPTP for 5 consecutive days; and (iii) chronic—one daily injection of 4 mg/kg of MPTP for 28 consecutive days. A series of behavioral tests were conducted to assess motor and non‐motor behavioral changes including anxiety, endurance, gait, motor deficits, cognitive impairment, circadian rhythm and food consumption. Impairments in balance and gait were confirmed in the chronic and acute models, respectively, with the latter showing significant correlation with lesion size. The sub‐acute model, by contrast, presented with generalized hyperactivity. Both, motor and non‐motor changes were identified in the acute and sub‐acute regime where habituation to a novel environment was significantly reduced. Moreover, we report increased water and food intake across all three models. Overall, the acute model displayed the most severe lesion size, while across the three models striatal dopamine content (DA) did not correlate with the behavioral performance. The present study demonstrates that detection of behavioral changes following MPTP exposure is challenging and does not correlate with the dopaminergic lesion extent.

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Dispossession through land titling: Legal loopholes and shadow procedures to urbanized forestlands in the Yucatán Peninsula
Authors: Torres‐Mazuera Gabriela
Published: October 2022

Under certain circumstances, land titling, property regime changes, and land‐use conversions yield substantial profits. Yet few people possess the wealth, knowledge, and networks to benefit from these procedures. In the Yucatán Peninsula, a region recently targeted as a prominent investment location by the Mexican national government (mainly with the “Tren Maya” megaproject) and the private capital, forestlands collectively owned as ejidos by Mayan peasants are on the trend to complete privatization. Against the arguments of neo‐institutional economists that in the 1990s promoted legal reforms and justified land‐titling programmes worldwide to make available credit for uncapitalized peasants, individual land titling of commonly held lands in Mexico increased the overall economic value of the land, but not the investment in economic activities related to farmland and indigenous communities. Instead, those policies enabled land grabbing, dispossession, and urbanization. In this article, I describe recent private‐led initiatives of ejido land titling that have redefined agricultural land's uses, meanings, and values for capitalist accumulation. In doing so, I explain how and why Mayan ejidatarios have been excluded from the monetary benefits of land titling, a top‐bottom dispossession process only accomplished through shadow procedures and former privatization of ejidos' common lands.
Adding fun or function: Considering new product formulations for market expansion with a focus on hangover solutions
Authors: Park Yeowoon , Lee Dongmin , Jeong Jaeseok , Moon Junghoon
Published: October 2022

This article aims to investigate the relationship between product formulations and consumers' willingness to buy (WTB), with the moderating role of the consumption situation. A 2 (utilitarian formulation vs. hedonic formulation) × 2 (unjustifiable situation vs. justifiable situation) between‐subjects design was constructed, and two specific formulations (pills and ice cream) were selected to represent a utilitarian formulation and hedonic formulation, respectively. Then, the hangover solution–consumption–situation was manipulated by varying drinking occasions. The results show that to strengthen the consumers' WTB a utilitarian product with such hedonic characteristics, consumers' justification process associated with hedonic consumption must be facilitated. This study is one of the first to address the notion that formulation differentiation can be a viable strategy in adding new features to a product.

Practical Applications

Considering that the global health supplement market is growing, this study hopes to provide practitioners with useful insights regarding new product development for functional products. The findings of this study indicate that if companies aim to strengthen the WTB a utilitarian product with such hedonic characteristics, the justification process associated with hedonic consumption must be facilitated. For example, to boost sales, marketers can target specific days, such as Fridays or Saturdays, when consumers can more easily justify the hedonic consumption associated with drinking (i.e., drinking behavior, choosing a hangover solution product).
A weighted blanket increases pre‐sleep salivary concentrations of melatonin in young, healthy adults
Authors: Meth Elisa M. S. , Brandão Luiz Eduardo Mateus , van Egmond Lieve T. , Xue Pei , Grip Anastasia , Wu Jiafei , Adan Ayaat , Andersson Filip , Pacheco André P. , Uvnäs‐Moberg Kerstin , Cedernaes Jonathan , Benedict Christian
Published: October 2022

Weighted blankets have emerged as a potential non‐pharmacological intervention to ease conditions such as insomnia and anxiety. Despite a lack of experimental evidence, these alleged effects are frequently attributed to a reduced activity of the endogenous stress systems and an increased release of hormones such as oxytocin and melatonin. Thus, the aim of the present in‐laboratory crossover study (26 young and healthy participants, including 15 men and 11 women) was to investigate if using a weighted blanket (~12% of body weight) at bedtime resulted in higher salivary concentrations of melatonin and oxytocin compared with a light blanket (~2.4% of body weight). We also examined possible differences in salivary concentrations of the stress hormone cortisol, salivary alpha‐amylase activity (as an indicative metric of sympathetic nervous system activity), subjective sleepiness, and sleep duration. When using a weighted blanket, the 1 hour increase of salivary melatonin from baseline (i.e., 22:00) to lights off (i.e., 23:00) was about 32% higher (p = 0.011). No other significant differences were found between the blanket conditions, including subjective sleepiness and total sleep duration. Our study is the first to suggest that using a weighted blanket may result in a more significant release of melatonin at bedtime. Future studies should investigate whether the stimulatory effect on melatonin secretion is observed on a nightly basis when frequently using a weighted blanket over weeks to months. It remains to be determined whether the observed increase in melatonin may be therapeutically relevant for the previously described effects of the weighted blanket on insomnia and anxiety.
Permanent scars: The effects of wages on productivity
Authors: Fontanari Claudia , Palumbo Antonella
Published: October 2022

This paper explores, from a classical‐Keynesian theoretical standpoint, how stagnating real wages may have contributed to the slowdown of US productivity. Through shift‐share analysis, we find that after a sharp change in distribution against wages, some historically high‐productivity sectors switched towards slower productivity growth. This supports our hypothesis that the anemic growth of productivity may be partly due to the trend toward massive use of cheap labor. Our estimation of Sylos Labini's productivity equation confirms the existence of two direct effects of wages, one acting through the incentive to mechanization and the other through the incentive to reorganize labor use.
Design and performance evaluation of steel beam members with plate‐type locally resonant metamaterials for vibration control
Authors: Choi Jewoo , Cho Tongjun , Park Hyo Seon
Published: October 2022

In this study, a plate‐type locally resonant metamaterial (PTLRM) is proposed to control bending vibrations and low‐frequency noise of civil members. Considering the ease of design, installation, and workability, the PTLRM was fabricated using high‐density and soft materials. The PTLRM design includes a resonance frequency calculation of the unit and band gap estimation of the PTLRMs‐coupled structure. Three indicators were developed and experimentally analyzed to evaluate the vibration attenuation performance of the PTLRM: the response suppression in the resonance of PTLRMs, peak response suppression ratio, and distance between peaks. Experimental results of a 5‐m long steel beam with PTLRMs indicated that the bending modal responses of the steel beam were suppressed at frequencies closer to the local resonance of the PTLRM. This showed reasonable agreement with the results of the estimation. The acceleration of the PTLRMs‐coupled beam was reduced by up to 98.58% in the frequency response function. The time history of acceleration also decreased significantly over the entire time period. The damping of the soft material had little effect on the bandwidth of the band gap. However, it was found that a proper increase in the damping of the soft material could increase the vibration suppression performance.
Support nursing researchers' need from academic societies duringCOVID‐19: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Nagata Kyoko , Tanaka Koji , Takahashi Yutaro , Asada Yuya , Shimpuku Yoko , Yoshinaga Naoki , Sugama Junko
Published: October 2022

The activities of nursing researchers have been constrained by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the types of support and related factors that nursing researchers hope to receive from academic societies during the pandemic and to obtain suggestions for the role of academic societies in supporting nursing researchers and expanding research. An online survey was conducted with 1532 Japan Academy of Nursing Science members. The survey included 19 items of potential support from the society during the COVID‐19 pandemic as well as open‐ended questions. Data were analyzed statistically and qualitatively. For 9 of the 19 items, over 50% of respondents reported that they “needed” or “very much needed” support. Multivariate analysis results showed that younger respondents and those with family members requiring care were significantly more likely to report needs for some items. In the open‐ended comments, there were several suggestions for activities, including “Lobbying for revision of regulations on research implementation.” Nursing researchers expressed needs for support that reflect their demographic characteristics and situations, including collaboration across organizations and securing research‐promotion and skill‐development opportunities online.
Shifting narrative strategies: How monument advocates change their stories in response to conflict over time
Authors: Rupinsky Shae , Schomburg Madeline , Chandler Gabriel , Gelardi Carrington
Published: October 2022

This paper expands the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) by employing an exploratory case study approach to examine the construction of narratives temporally. A large‐N Twitter dataset concerning the Bears Ears and Grand Staircase‐Escalante monuments controversy is utilized to examine the question: how does the use of narrative strategies change over time? Through the application of change‐point analysis, we determine time points of significant shifts towards use of the devil‐angel shift, scope of the conflict, and causal mechanism strategies. Overall, we find that organizations do not vary their use of narrative strategies over the course of a policy conflict but instead demonstrate discrete changes in response to certain policy events. Based on our findings, we conclude with suggestions for refining and expanding NPF hypotheses. Specifically, we recommend a more contextual analysis of shifts in narrative strategy use in response to specific events over time.
The Nordic governments' responses to the Covid‐19 pandemic: A comparative study of variation in governance arrangements and regulatory instruments
Authors: Christensen Tom , Jensen Mads Dagnis , Kluth Michael , Kristinsson Gunnar Helgi , Lynggaard Kennet , Lægreid Per , Niemikari Risto , Pierre Jon , Raunio Tapio , Adolf Skúlason Gústaf
Published: October 2022

Government responses to the Covid‐19 pandemic in the Nordic states—Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden—exhibit similarities and differences. This article investigates the extent to which crisis policymaking diverges from normal policymaking within the Nordic countries and whether variations between the countries are associated with the role of expertise and the level of politicization. Government responses are analyzed in terms of governance arrangements and regulatory instruments. Findings demonstrate some deviation from normal policymaking within and considerable variation between the Nordic countries, as Denmark, Finland, and to some extent Norway exhibit similar patterns with hierarchical command and control governance arrangements, while Iceland, in some instances, resembles the case of Sweden, which has made use of network‐based governance. The article shows that the higher the influence of experts, the more likely it is that the governance arrangement will be network‐based.