bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direct reported speech in storytellings: Enacting and negotiating epistemic entitlements
Authors: Berger Evelyne , Pekarek Doehler Simona
Published: November 2015

This paper presents a study of participants’ use of direct reported speech (DRS) in storytelling during dinner table conversation in French. Focusing on reported dialogues, the analysis corroborates earlier conversation analytic findings showing that speakers regularly use linguistic, prosodic and paralinguistic resources to stage the characters whose speech is being reported; thereby speakers display their stance on behalf of those characters and their conduct. Additionally, the analysis documents that speakers use DRS within reported dialogues as a powerful means for depicting their own adequate conduct in the face of a purportedly “deviant” conduct of a third party. In the specific context of our data, in which an au-pair interacts with her host family, such direct reported dialogues are used both by the mother and the au pair as a means to enact shared expectations about the appropriateness of a caregiver’s conduct in the face of the “deviant” conduct of a child. In light of these findings, the representation of past dialogues by means of DRS appears as a practical resource by means of which participants enact identities such as mother and caregiver and thereby reflexively construct and negotiate the related epistemic entitlements.
The Genera Nemotelus and Oxycera (Diptera, Stratiomyidae) in the Arasbaran Forests
Authors: Khaghaninia S. , Kazerani F. , Hauser M.
Published: November 2015

The soldier flies of the genera Nemotelus Geoffroy, 1762 and Oxycera Meigen, 1803 collected in the Arasbaran forests (northwestern of Iran) during 2009-2012. A total of nine species were collected of which eight species [Nemotelus rudifranci (Berezovsky, Nartshuk. 1993); N. nigrinus Fallen, 1817; N. notatus Zetterstedt, 1842; N. pantherinus (Linnaeus, 1758); Oxycera fallenii Staeger, 1844; O. meigenii Staeger, 1844; O. notata Loew, 1873; O. trilineata (Linnaeus, 1767)] are recorded for the first time from Iran. Data on the geographical distribution of these species with figures are provided
Growth Processes in the Postembryonic Development in Altricial Birds on the Example of Song Thrush, Turdus Philomelos (Passeriformers, Turdidae): A Multivariate Approach
Authors: Peskov V. N. , Franchuk M. V. , Atamas’ N. S.
Published: November 2015

The paper explores the possibility of implementing the methods of multivariate statistics into studying the growth processes on the example of song thrushes, Turdus philomelos, Brehm, 1831, during their postnatal development as nestlings. The developmental trends in 12 morphometric traits in T. philomelos in the course of postembryogenesis is shown to be explained for 99.3 % by the first two principal components (PC). The major developmental trend (PC1 - 95.1 %) is defined by a highly correlative though irregular growth of linear forms of nestlings’ body parts, the two other trends relate to the body proportion formation (PC2 - 4.2 %). Th ere have been discovered the two growth stages: (1) of fast growth: from birth up to the 8th day with relative increment in growth of traits equal in average to 91.9 %, and (2) of slow growth: from the 8th to the 14th day, characterized by a reduction of an average growth increment being five times lower, and by intense feather cover development. There have been demonstrated that all the variables can be structured into the four groups or growth correlation pleiads (groups comprising similarly growing traits). The growth is shown to be most specific for the song thrush’s body, head and bill, being a part of a single pleiad. While still forming the three different growth pleiads the properties of the bird’s wing, leg, the 3rd and the 4th toes differ significantly less in respect to their growth characteristics.
Oil-Price Volatility and Macroeconomic Spillovers in Central and Eastern Europe: Evidence from a Multivariate GARCH Model
Authors: Hegerty Scott W.
Published: November 2015

Recent commodity price declines have added to worldwide macroeconomic risk, which has had serious effects on both commodity exporters and manufacturers that use oil and raw materials. These effects have been keenly felt in Central and Eastern Europe—particularly in Russia, but also in European Union member states. This study tests for spillovers among commodity-price and macroeconomic volatility by applying a VAR(1)-MGARCH model to monthly time series for eight CEE countries. Overall, we find that oil prices do indeed have effects throughout the region, as do spillovers among exchange rates, inflation, interest rates, and output, but that they differ from country to country—particularly when different degrees of transition and integration are considered. While oil prices have a limited impact on the currencies of Russia and Ukraine, they do make a much larger contribution to the two countries’ macroeconomic volatility than do spillovers among the other macroeconomic variables.
Carnap's Contribution to Tarski's Truth.
Authors: Gruber Monika
Published: November 2015

In his seminal work “The Concept of Truth in Formalized Languages” (1933), Alfred Tarski showed how to construct a formally correct and materially adequate definition of true sentence for certain formalized languages. These results have, eventually, been accepted and applauded by philosophers and logicians nearly in unison. Its Postscript, written two years later, however, has given rise to a considerable amount of controversy. There is an ongoing debate on what Tarski really said in the postscript. These discussions often regard Tarski as putatively changing his logical framework from type theory to settheory.In what follows, we will compare the original results with those presented two years later. After a brief outline of Carnap’s program in The Logical Syntax of Language we will determine its significance for Tarski’s final results.
The Influences of Productive Zakah Mentoring To Saving Behavior and The Prosperity of Poor Housewife
Authors: Andriati Rizky , Huda Nurul
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this study was to determine the influences of productive zakah mentoring to the saving attitude, the confidence of saving ability, the saving behavior and the prosperity of poor housewives which become partners of Masyarakat Mandiri Dompet Dhuafa. This is a quantitative research using Structual Equation Modelling. The respondents are 115 poor housewives in Parung, Bogor, West Java; Cipinang, East Jakarta; Tanjung Pasir, Tangerang, Banten; and Bantar Gebang, Bekasi, West Java. The variables that used on this research are the mentoring of zakah productive, saving attitude, saving behavior, and prosperity. The result showed that the mentoring of productive zakah program has significant influence for the saving attitude and saving behavior. Saving behavior also affects significantly the prosperity of poor housewivesDOI: 10.15408/aiq.v7i2.1698
The Image of Financial Institution as Islamic Bank In Mediation Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction on Customer Loyalty in Purwokerto.
Authors: Warsito Chandra
Published: November 2015

The paper aims to determine the effect of service quality on customer satisfaction, service quality, customer satisfaction and image on customer loyalty, quality of service to the company’s image, to determine the image of financial institutions in mediating the relationship variable quality of service and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty. The samples used were 110 customers and methods of analysis used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) test results find no significant effect of service quality on customer satisfaction; quality of service loyalty; customer satisfaction on customer loyalty; quality of service to the image of the company; customer satisfaction with the company’s image; and the image of the company loyalty; Image of financial institutions PT. BPRS BAS can be used as a variable relationship mediation variable service quality and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty.DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v7i2.1699
Newborn Screening for Biliary Atresia
Authors: Wang Kasper S. ,   THE SECTION ON SURGERY,   THE COMMITTEE ON FETUS AND NEWBORN,   THE CHILDHOOD LIVER DISEASE RESEARCH NETWORK, Moss R. Lawrence , Caty Michael G. , Davidoff Andrew , Fallat Mary Elizabeth , Heiss Kurt F. , Holcomb George , Meyers Rebecka L. , Watterberg Kristi L. , Aucott Susan , Benitz William E. , Cummings James J. , Eichenwald Eric C. , Goldsmith Jay , Poindexter Brenda B. , Puopolo Karen , Stewart Dan L. , Wang Kasper S. , Kerkar Nanda , Karpen Saul J. , Sokol Ronald J. , Schwarz Kathleen B. , Mogul Douglas B , Harpavat Sanjiv
Published: November 2015

Biliary atresia is the most common cause of pediatric end-stage liver disease and the leading indication for pediatric liver transplantation. Affected infants exhibit evidence of biliary obstruction within the first few weeks after birth. Early diagnosis and successful surgical drainage of bile are associated with greater survival with the child’s native liver. Unfortunately, because noncholestatic jaundice is extremely common in early infancy, it is difficult to identify the rare infant with cholestatic jaundice who has biliary atresia. Hence, the need for timely diagnosis of this disease warrants a discussion of the feasibility of screening for biliary atresia to improve outcomes. Herein, newborn screening for biliary atresia in the United States is assessed by using criteria established by the Discretionary Advisory Committee on Heritable Disorders in Newborns and Children. Published analyses indicate that newborn screening for biliary atresia by using serum bilirubin concentrations or stool color cards is potentially life-saving and cost-effective. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the feasibility, effectiveness, and costs of potential screening strategies for early identification of biliary atresia in the United States.
Brimstone and Treacle: Charles Spurgeon’s Humor in the Teaching of Preaching
Authors: Strickland Michael
Published: November 2015

While Charles Spurgeon’s use of humor in his preaching has been well-documented, his use of wit in the teaching of preaching to students at his Pastor’s College in London has been largely ignored. This article surveys his lighthearted approach to the teaching of preaching technique as seen in humorous anecdotes, sarcastic descriptions, and amusing illustrations. It concludes with a brief admonition for modern preaching textbook authors to follow Spurgeon’s lead in the use of humor in their work.
Brennan W. Breed, Nomadic Text: A Theory of Biblical Reception History. Bloomington
Authors: Myers Jacob D.
Published: November 2015

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J. Ellsworth Kalas, Preaching in an Age of Distraction
Authors: Sniffen Michael T.
Published: November 2015

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Peter Sanlon, Augustine’s Theology of Preaching
Authors: Hearlson Adam Hearlson
Published: November 2015

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David P. Gushee, In the Fray: Contesting Christian Public Ethics, 1994–2013
Authors: Myers Jacob D.
Published: November 2015

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Black Preaching in Brown Places: Towards the Development of a Black Mestizo Homiletic
Authors: Jones Timothy
Published: November 2015

Many Black neighborhoods across the United States are becoming increasingly Latin@. Black churches in these neighborhoods will need to adjust their ministry practices in order to build community amongst this changing demographic. Borrowing Elizondo’s notion of mestizo as one who can operate as both insider and outsider in different cultural locations, this paper begins to reimagine Black preaching in the churches that serve these changing neighborhoods. Using the postcolonial themes of marginality, hybridity, and self-reflexivity, this paper proposes the beginnings of a Black Mestizo homiletic that looks to merge Black and Latin@ preaching traditions in order to form congregations representative of the community.
J. Ellsworth Kalas, Preaching in an Age of Distraction
Authors: Lamb Lisa Washington Lamb Washington
Published: November 2015

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Kimberly Bracken Long, ed., Feasting on the Word Worship Companion: Liturgies for Year B, Volume 2, Trinity Sunday Through Reign of Christ
Authors: Liu Gerald C.
Published: November 2015

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Rebecca Moore, Women in Christian Traditions
Authors: Minson Elyse Ambrose
Published: November 2015

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COMPARISON OF LOSARTAN AND LISINOPRIL EFFECTIVENESS FOR GLOMERULAR AND TUBULAR MARKERS OF RENAL DYSFUNCTION IN CHRONIC HEART FAILURE
Authors: Kamilova U. K. , Rasulova Z. D.
Published: November 2015

Aim. To compare the losartan and lisinopril influence on glomerular and tubular markers rates of renal dysfunction in I-III functional class (FC) chronic heart failure (CHF). Material and methods. Totally 92 patients studied with I-III FC CHF. First group (I) consisted of 47 patients taking losartan as addition to standard treatment for 6 months; second group (II) — 45 patients took lisinopril. All patients underwent glomerular filtration rate estimation (MDRD GFR) and enzymes levels in urine: alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartat transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphanase (AP). Results. The results showed that GFR <60 ml/min in I and II groups was found in 18 (38,3%) and 17 (37,8%) patients, resp. Baseline data analysis of urine enzymes that characterize functional condition of renal tubules, showed that in GFR <60 ml/min patients there is significant (p<0,05) increase of ALT, AST, AP in urine: for I group patients by 45,2%, 31,8%, 78,2%, resp., and for II group — 43,6%, 33,5%, 73,9%, resp., comparing to the patients with GFR >60 ml/min. Six month treatment with inclusion of losartan and lisinopril led to decrease of enzymes levels in urine to increase of GFR comparing to baseline. Conclusion. GFR and the level of fermenturia are the early predictors of tubular epitelium in kidneys, and can be treated as early predictors of renal dysfunction in CHF. Six month treatment with losartan and lisinopril increases GFR and significantly decreases fermenturia, hence improving the condition of tubular epithelium and showin nephroprotective effect.
EXERCISE TESTS IN CARDIOLOGY: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE (PART I)
Authors: Voronina V. P. , Kisseleva N. V. , Martsevich S. Yu.
Published: November 2015

The literary review is focused on diagnostics of coronary heart disease (CHD) with the use of the most common functional exercise tests. The benefits and the lacks are discussed of a variety of tests for suspected CHD. The results of longitude controlled trials make now the physicians able to precisely enough estimate a risk of complications in a patient. Several diagnostic indexes are observed, that are based on complex analysis of clinical and simple instrumental parameters for long term risk evaluation in CHD and for the selection of adequate treatment method.
Financial Incentives, Hospital Care, and Health Outcomes: Evidence from Fair Pricing Laws
Authors: Batty Michael M. , Ippolito Benedic N.
Published: November 2015

It is often assumed that financial incentives of healthcare providers affect the care they deliver, but this issue is surprisingly difficult to study. The recent enactment of state laws that limit how much hospitals can charge uninsured patients provide a unique opportunity. Using an event study framework and panel data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, we examine whether these regulations lead to reductions in the amount and quality of care given to uninsured patients. We find that the introduction of a fair pricing law leads to a seven to nine percent reduction in the average length of hospital stay for uninsured patients, with no corresponding change for insured patients. These care reductions are not accompanied by worsening quality of inpatient care. Overall, our results provide strong evidence that hospitals actively alter their behavior in response to financial incentives, and are consistent with the laws promoting a shift towards more efficient care deliver y. The findings also add to the growing evidence that hospitals can, and do, treat patients differently based upon insurance status.
Every Little Bit Counts: The Impact of High-speed Internet on the Transition to College
Authors: Dettling Lisa J. , Goodman Sarena F. , Smith Jonathan
Published: November 2015

This paper investigates the effects of high-speed Internet on students' college application decisions. We link the diffusion of zip code-level residential broadband Internet to millions of PSAT and SAT takers’ college testing and application outcomes and find that students with access to high-speed Internet in their junior year of high school perform better on the SAT and apply to a higher number and more expansive set of colleges. Effects appear to be concentrated among higher-SES students, indicating that while, on average, high-speed Internet improved students’ postsecondary outcomes, it may have increased pre-existing inequities by primarily benefiting those with more resources.
Energiapolitika: minden területi szinten
Authors: Csák László
Published: November 2015

Az energiapolitikát és a területpolitikát egészen a legutóbbi időkig joggal kezelték elkülönülten, hiszen az energiatermelés jellemzően néhány centrumban összpontosult. Így különösen az elektromos energia rendszerei, melyek országos szinten szerveződtek, és néhány, sokszáz megawatt teljesítményű erőműben állították elő az áramot, ráadásul az előállításhoz szükséges szén vagy gáz is térben jól körülhatárolható, viszonylag kis területről származott. A helyzet azonban gyökeresen megváltozott, amennyiben a megújuló energiát hasznosító technológiák kifejezetten helyhez kötöttek, helyiek vagy térségiek, adott esetben ennek megfelelően regionális szinten értelmezhetők. A hálózatok decentralizáltak, de immár nemcsak a fogyasztás, hanem a termelés szempontjából is. Az energiatermelés lehetősége a fosszilis energiahordozókkal nem rendelkező területek számára is megnyílik, ugyanakkor ezt jelenleg sem a szabályozási, sem a tervezési gyakorlat nem veszi figyelembe. A területpolitikával kapcsolatos vizsgálatok közül jelen tanulmányban az ESPON-kutatásokat tekintettem át, amelynek alapján nyilvánvaló, hogy a területi szakma nem szentel megfelelő figyelmet az energia kérdésének. Az energiapolitika azonban területi kérdéssé vált, amely kifejezetten indokolttá teszi, hogy területpolitikai eljárásokba integráljuk.
Védett területek mint a határon átnyúló együttműködés tényezői? Reflexiók az osztrák–magyar határ mentén lebonyolított ETE-projekt tapasztalatai alapján
Authors: Heintel Martin , Weixlbaumer Norbert , Debre Barbara
Published: November 2015

Az Írottkő–Geschriebenstein Natúrpark esettanulmányon keresztül – amely az osztrák–magyar határon terül el – megválaszoljuk, hogy a határon átnyúló védett területek milyen mértékben alkalmasak regionális fejlesztésre. A cikk elején a védett területek koncepcióit és lehetséges megközelítéseit mutatjuk be a határon átnyúló összefüggésben. Nemzetközi összehasonlításban is elemezzük a határon átnyúló védett területek fejlődéstörténetét, valamint különleges helyzetüket a Vasfüggöny „kelet– nyugati” határa mentén.Az Írottkő–Geschriebenstein Natúrpark példáján a regionális kormányzás szemléletéből elemezzük a határon átnyúló kooperáció lehetőségeit és korlátait, az Európai Területi Együttműködés keretei között támogatott projektben.Megemlítjük, hogy a határon átnyúló együttműködés tartalmi összefüggésében – mint például a turizmusban – sok egysége jött létre az együttműködésnek. Szintén fontos a kommunikációs és kooperációs feltételeket erősíteni a kétoldalú, határon átnyúló együttműködésben. Az EU-s programok bürokráciája, valamint egyes sikeres modellek kiterjeszthetőségének hiánya a regionális fejlesztésben és együttműködésben továbbra is akadályokat jelent.
Tértermelés a budapesti várostérség peremén – amit a gazdaság morfológiája elárul
Authors: Szabó Tünde
Published: November 2015

A városok politikai gazdaságtani szempontú elemzésére egyre több magyar példa áll rendelkezésre a szakirodalomban. Ezek túlnyomó része azonban ritkán lép ki a központi város teréből és szolgál magyarázattal a szuburbán vagy az urbanizálódó rurális térségek átalakulásáról. Tanulmányom a nagyvárosi perem gazdasági térszerkezetének vizsgálatára vállalkozik, értelmezi a periferikus tér urbanizációs folyamatait és következtetéseket von le a tértermelés peremvidéki jellegzetességeiről. Az urbanizációs folyamatok kapcsán vizsgálom azt, hogy a városi perem gazdaságszerkezete visszatükrözi-e az érett kapitalista várostérségekben jellemző specializálódást, illetve a gazdasági tevékenységek övezetes elrendeződését. Ehhez statisztikai adatokat, valamint egy geokódolt cégadatbázist használok, amely a várostérség 56 települését és 1312 cégét fogja át. Eredményeim szerint sem az ágazati, sem a funkcionális specializáció jeleit nem figyelhetjük meg a periférián. Ezek alapján a budapesti metropolisztér a globális értéktermelés és -elosztás köreibe kevéssé integrált városi gazdaságnak tűnik, amely kevés speciális szolgáltatást és terméket képes nyújtani a külpiacok számára. A cégadatok térképi megjelenítése a cégek eltérő koncentrációját mutatja a településszerkezeten belül: egyes települések képesek vállalkozói zónákba tömöríteni a periférián megtelepedő cégeket, míg mások nem képesek szabályozni a spontán telephelyválasztást. Az egyes helyek eltérő módon kezelik a neoliberalizációs folyamat rájuk nehezedő nyomását, más és más módon sajátítják el a neoliberális átalakulást. Ebből arra következtethetünk, hogy – a társadalom helyi viszonyain túl – az állam és a tőke viszonyában helyi eltérések lehetnek. Feltételezésem szerint a vállalkozások koncentrált vagy széttagolt letelepülése a helyi állam és a befektetői tőke településenként eltérő kapcsolataira utal, ami a tér alakításának mechanizmusait is módosítja. Ezek feltárásához interjúkat készítettem a periféria egy településcsoportjában. A beszélgetések segítettek feltárni azokat az ellenőrzési mechanizmusokat, amelyeket az állam a tér termelése felett gyakorol.
A Crise Representativa como Conceito Limite: Normatividade Simbólica e o Problema do Decisionismo em Carl Schmitt
Authors: Almeida Fernando Rodrigues de , Giacóia Junior Oswaldo
Published: November 2015

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre exceção e normalidade, investigando a possibilidade da atividade legiferante em vias excepcionais em um sistema social vigente. Da mesma forma, as consequências de tais vias e a clássica crítica conservadora ao liberalismo que não decide e age por vias de compromissos dilatórios. Finalmente observaremos a relação de significação da ordem jurídica para o representado que não se identifica com o sistema legislativo e seu reconhecimento aos signos legais. O presente trabalho será realizado pelo método hipotético-dedutivo, utilizando-se de pesquisas bibliográficas.
Direito Econômico da Energia Elétrica: A Variação da Tarifa e as Falhas de Mercado
Authors: Pinto Alcides Goelzer de Araújo Vargas e , Perin Giovanna Rosa , Duarte Francisco Carlos
Published: November 2015

O artigo analisa a sucessiva variação da tarifa da energia elétrica no Brasil e sua relação com as falhas de mercado. Para tal fim, foi necessária a utilização da metodologia teórico-descritiva, buscando a compreensão, do ponto de vista jurídico-econômico, das normas que regulam a tarifa energética, e de pesquisa bibliográfica correspondente ao tema, bem como do método indutivo, pois se trata de assunto atual e sem entendimento fixado, de essencial importância para preencher as lacunas daquilo não debatido pela sociedade. Assim, será necessário examinar algumas noções doutrinárias sobre os modelos básicos de sistemas econômicos, verificando, inclusive, o surgimento do mercado. O artigo discorrerá sobre todas as falhas de mercados existentes, dando ênfase para a da externalidade, verificando que a mesma pode ter efeitos positivos e negativos. Estudará, ainda, o ICMS e a sua importância para os estados. Finalmente compreender-se-á que a medida governamental que reduziu a conta de luz possuía mais externalidades positivas do que negativas, mas que a falta de um planejamento nacional fez com que houvesse aumento da energia elétrica em poucos meses o que prejudica todos os cidadãos brasileiros.
Estatuto do Pertencimento Brasileiro: Identificando Mentalidades e Representações em Práticas Contemporâneas
Authors: Correa Henning Ana Clara , Anselmi Duarte da Silva Mônica , Colaço Thais Luzia
Published: November 2015

Propõe-se, aqui, que a maneira pela qual conhecemos determinado sistema jurídico, e o direito privado que lhe é próprio, constitui-se em mentalidades e representações oriundas de um substrato cultural que é, ao mesmo tempo, resultado de um certo pensamento e instrumentos de produção desse mesmo pensamento. Nessa esteira, a concepção moderna do direito de propriedade está historicamente condicionada a um determinado paradigma, advindo do embate entre a dogmática cristã e a racionalidade de pensamento, especialmente construído entre os séculos XVI e XIX. Durante esse período, presencia-se uma profunda mudança epistemológica na maneira de se construir ciência e de se visualizar o papel do regramento jurídico no Ocidente. Hoje, compreende-se necessário repensar o formalismo daí resultante, a fim de enriquecer a compreensão do direito com o reconhecimento de inúmeras variáveis socioantropológicas. No que concerne ao tema deste artigo, mapear representações ou mentalidades do estatuto do pertencimento brasileiro torna-se um dos diversos exemplos de uma nova percepção do sistema jurídico.
ESTUDO DOS PARÂMETROS FÍSICO-QUÍMICOS EM FILTROS DE CARVÃO ATIVADO GRANULAR MODIFICADOS COM NANOPARTÍCULAS DE PRATA E COBRE PARA APLICAÇÃO NO TRATAMENTO DE ÁGUA
Authors: Shimabuku Quelen Letícia , Arakawa Flávia Sayuri , Camacho Franciele Pereira , Moreti Lívia De Oliveira Ruiz , Bazana Simone De Lima , Santos Onélia Aparecida Andreo dos , Bergamasco Rosângela
Published: November 2015

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo o estudo de filtros de carvão ativado modificados com nanopartículas de prata e cobre. Para a impregnação dos metais na superfície do carvão ativado foi utilizado o método de impregnação por excesso de solvente nas concentrações de C/Ag0,5%, C/Ag1,0%, C/Cu0,5%, C/Cu1,0%, C/Ag0,5%Cu0,5%, C/Ag0,5%Cu1,0%, C/Ag1,0%Cu0,5% e C/Ag1,0%Cu1,0%. Os filtros produzidos foram testados (com água da torneira) quanto aos parâmetros físico-químicos (cor, turbidez, pH, cloro, dureza, sólidos dissolvidos totais e metais) de acordo com a Norma ABNT NBR 16098:2012 e permaneceram dentro da faixa de aceitação para o consumo humano (Portaria 2914:2011 e ABNT NBR 16098:2012). Para a determinação da concentração dos metais lixiviados para água durante a passagem pelo filtro foi utilizada a absorção atômica de chama, todos os resultados obtidos permaneceram dentro da faixa de aceitação para o consumo humano de acordo com a Portaria 2914:2011 e ABNT NBR 16098:2012. Sendo assim, o carvão ativado produzido poderá ser aplicado no tratamento de água na remoção/inativação viral.
PRODUÇÃO DE CARVÃO ATIVADO A PARTIR DE LODO DE ESGOTO DOMÉSTICO E SUA APLICAÇÃO NA ADSORÇÃO DO CORANTE PRETO REMAZOL 5 EM SOLUÇÃO AQUOSA
Authors: Reis Glaydson Simões dos , Lima Eder Claudio , Sampaio Carlos Hoffman
Published: November 2015

O presente estudo investigou a viabilidade do lodo de esgoto como matéria- prima para produção de carvões ativados (CAs) para remoção do corante preto remazol 5 de soluções aquosas. Duas amostras foram preparadas; um carvão quimicamente ativado com ZnCl2 denominado CAZ e um carvão ativado sem ativação química denominado CA. Os CAs foram caracterizados por adsorção/dessorção de N2, área superficial especifica SBET e Microscopia eletrônica por varredura (MEV). De acordo com os resultados obtidos pelas isotermas de N2 os carvões foram classificados como mesoporosos, no entanto a amostra CAZ apresentou elevado valor de BET comparado ao carvão CA, 612 e 21,8 m2g-1, respectivamente. A habilidade dos CAs na remoção do corante RB-5 foi investigado empregando processo de adsorção em batelada. Os dados de equilíbrio foram ajustados aos modelos de isotermas de Lagmuir, freundlich e Sips. Levando em conta os valores de R2 e função erro (SD), os dados foram melhores ajustados à isoterma de Sips. A capacidade máxima adsorvida do corante RB-5 sobre os carvões CA e CAZ foram de 16.12 e 156.64 mgg-1, respectivamente.
DETERMINAÇÃO DO TEOR DE GLICEROL LIVRE POR ESPECTROSCOPIA NIR
Authors: Rodrigues Giovana De Menezes , Tavares Gilmar Roberto , Mello Bruna Tais Ferreira de , Silva Camila Da
Published: November 2015

A análise do teor de glicerol livre (GL) em processos para obtenção do biodiesel é aplicada para avaliar o progresso da reação e etapas de separação, desta forma, neste trabalho é proposto um método rápido e de baixo custo para determinação de GL em biodiesel. Buscando tal propósito foi aplicada a espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo (NIR) associada à quimiometria utilizando misturas de biodiesel etílico de soja, glicerol e etanol no desenvolvimento do método. Foram reportados valores de erro médio quadrático de 0,31 e 0,45 para a calibração e validação, respectivamente. O método foi testado para predição de glicerol livre em amostras obtidas da reação de transesterificação enzimática de óleo de soja e etanol, relatando-se erro médio quadrático de 0,41 e coeficiente de determinação (R2) >0.98.
How plants connect pollination and herbivory networks and their contribution to community stability
Authors: Sauve Alix M. C. , Thébault Elisa , Pocock Michael J. O. , Fontaine Colin
Published: November 2015

Pollination and herbivory networks have mainly been studied separately, highlighting their distinct structural characteristics and the related processes and dynamics. However, most plants interact with both pollinators and herbivores, and there is evidence that both types of interaction affect each other. Here we investigated the way plants connect these mutualistic and antagonistic networks together, and the consequences for community stability. Using an empirical data set, we show that the way plants connect pollination and herbivory networks is not random and promotes community stability. Analyses of the structure of binary and quantitative networks show different results: the plants’ generalism with regard to pollinators is positively correlated to their generalism with regard to herbivores when considering binary interactions, but not when considering quantitative interactions. We also show that plants that share the same pollinators do not share the same herbivores. However, the way plants connect pollination and herbivory networks promotes stability for both binary and quantitative networks. Our results highlight the relevance of considering the diversity of interaction types in ecological communities, and stress the need to better quantify the costs and benefits of interactions, as well as to develop new metrics characterizing the way different interaction types are combined within ecological networks.
Can't see the trees for the forest: complex factors influence tree survival in a temperate second growth forest
Authors: Eitzel M. V. , Battles J. , York R. , de Valpine P.
Published: November 2015

Forest decline is a widespread, well‐recognized problem, but studies reporting decreases in tree survival have been largely limited to relatively rare old‐growth forests or low‐diversity systems, and to models which are species‐aggregated or cannot easily accommodate yearly climate variables. We created survival models for a multispecies second‐growth forest in the Sierra Nevada of California using a hierarchical state‐space framework. We accounted for a mosaic of measurement intervals and random plot variation, and we directly included yearly stand development variables alongside climate variables and topographic proxies for nutrient, water, and light availability. Our model captured the expected dependence of survival on tree size, but revealed different relationships between size and survival for each species. At the community level, including stand development variables accounted for decreasing survival time trends, but species‐specific models demonstrated a diversity of factors influencing survival, including time trends, fundamental niche limitations, and the impact of competition. Our results on time trends and competitive performance showed local exceptions to existing theories of Sierran forest dynamics, with some shade‐tolerant species increasing in survival over time and others performing better than expected under more crowded conditions. Within species, low survival was concentrated in susceptible subsets of our population and single estimates of annual survival rates did not reflect this heterogeneity in survival.
Adaptation of Autumn‐Sown Faba Bean Germplasm to Southeastern Washington
Authors: Landry Erik J. , Coyne Clarice J. , McGee Rebecca J. , Hu Jinguo
Published: November 2015

Information regarding the suitability of autumn‐sown faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in southeastern Washington is lacking. Therefore, a variety trial testing the effects of two sowing dates was conducted for two seasons (2011–2012 and 2012–2013) at three locations: Central Ferry Research Farm (CF), Pomeroy, WA; Spillman Agronomy Farm (SF), Pullman, WA; Whitlow Farm (WF), Pullman, WA, with 20 northern European breeding lines, or cultivars, and U.S. Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service National Plant Germplasm System (USDA‐ARS NPGS) sourced germplasm accessions with predetermined winter‐hardiness. Winter‐hardiness and yield varied depending on location, timing of sowing, and genotype effects. Survival was greatest at CF where the extreme low air temperature was –6°C, yet multiple entries tolerated an extreme low of –14°C in Pullman. In both years, the second sowing at the CF location improved survival, whereas the first sowing was only beneficial at the Pullman locations when seedlings were established before the first hard frost. Providing a longer establishment and cold acclimation period was expected to optimize hardiness and yield potential. However, achieving two to three nodes before the first hard frost was difficult at dryland managed SF and WF locations where soil moisture was limiting. Across entries and site‐years, the mean survival was 65% with a yield of 2800 kg ha−1. To realize the potential of autumn‐sown faba bean in southeastern Washington, genotypes with earlier maturity than the northern European materials tested herein will be needed.
A Hybrid Reduced‐Order Model of Fine‐Resolution Hydrologic Simulations at a Polygonal Tundra Site
Authors: Liu Yaning , Bisht Gautam , Subin Zachary M. , Riley William J. , Pau George Shu Heng
Published: November 2015

High‐resolution predictions of land surface hydrological dynamics are desirable for improved investigations of regional‐ and watershed‐scale processes. Direct deterministic simulations of fine‐resolution land surface variables present many challenges, including high computational cost. We therefore propose the use of reduced‐order modeling techniques to facilitate emulation of fine‐resolution simulations. We use an emulator, Gaussian process regression, to approximate fine‐resolution four‐dimensional soil moisture fields predicted using a three‐dimensional surface‐subsurface hydrological simulator (PFLOTRAN). A dimension‐reduction technique known as “proper orthogonal decomposition” is further used to improve the efficiency of the resulting reduced‐order model (ROM). The ROM reduces simulation computational demand to negligible levels compared to the underlying fine‐resolution model. In addition, the ROM that we constructed is equipped with an uncertainty estimate, allowing modelers to construct a ROM consistent with uncertainty in the measured data. The ROM is also capable of constructing statistically equivalent analogs that can be used in uncertainty and sensitivity analyses. We apply the technique to four polygonal tundra sites near Barrow, Alaska that are part of the Department of Energy's Next‐Generation Ecosystem Experiments (NGEE)–Arctic project. The ROM is trained for each site using simulated soil moisture from 1998–2000 and validated using the simulated data for 2002 and 2006. The average relative RMSEs of the ROMs are under 1%.
The Balance Sheet of Benefits and Harms of Breast Cancer Population-Based Screening in Europe: Outcome Research, Practice and Future Challenges
Authors: Broeders Mireille , Paci Eugenio
Published: November 2015

Breast cancer screening programs are still object of harsh debate. In 2012, the Independent UK Panel reviewed the benefits and harms of mammography screening based on randomized trials and the EUROSCREEN Working Group reviewed European observational outcome studies. The conclusion was that screening programs should continue, while acknowledging that harms, such as the occurrence of false-positive results and overdiagnosis, can have a negative impact on a woman's life. Information on the balance sheet of the benefits and harms of breast cancer screening should help women and their physicians to make an informed choice. The future challenge for breast screening programs is to assess the feasibility, acceptability, effectiveness and impact of risk-based screening in order to maximize benefit-to-harm ratios.
Resident Experiences with and Post-Training Plans for Cystoscopy at the Time of Hysterectomy
Authors: Vaynberg Dina , White Chase , Jaspan David , Lentz Gretchen , Goldberg Jay
Published: November 2015

Aims: To determine OB/GYN residents’ experience with and opinions toward cystoscopy at the time of hysterectomy. Study design: An internet survey of OB/GYN residents assessed utilization of cystoscopy at the time of hysterectomy, familiarity with literature regarding universal versus selective cystoscopy, and plans post residency. Results: Cystoscopy was performed universally in the minority of cases of vaginal hysterectomy (12%), laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (14%), supracervical hysterectomy (0%), total abdominal hysterectomy (2%), laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy (9%), total laparoscopic hysterectomy (27%), and hysterectomy with adnexa removal (5%). Residents planned universal cystoscopy post-training more frequently for all hysterectomy types. Conclusion: Cystoscopy at the time of hysterectomy was performed universally in the minority for all hysterectomy categories. For all hysterectomy types, residents planned post-graduation to utilize universal cystoscopy at the time of hysterectomy more often than occurred in training.
Diatoms from a peat bog on the Pester plateau (southwestern Serbia): New records for diatom flora of Serbia
Authors: Vidakovic Danijela , Krizmanic Jelena , Sovran Sanja , Cvijan Mirko
Published: November 2015

The distribution of diatoms was studied in three types of diatom communities
(epiphytes, benthos and plankton) of a peat bog on the Pester plateau. The
observed diatom flora inhabited all investigated communities, comprising in
total 250 taxa in 53 genera. Among them, 45 taxa were new records for the
Serbian diatom flora. Identified taxa belonged to different groups of algae,
however alkaliphile diatoms were dominant. New ecological data for
Encyonopsis minuta, Pinnularia isostauron and P. marchica are presented here.
All the diatoms were documented by light micrographs, and brief notes on
their morphology, distribution and ecology are provided.
Analytic validation of a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method for quantification of six amino acids in canine serum samples
Authors: Lopes Rosana , Grützner Niels , Berghoff Nora , Lidbury Jonathan A. , Suchodolski Jan S. , Steiner Jörg M.
Published: November 2015

OBJECTIVE To analytically validate a gas concentration of chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for measurement of 6 amino acids in canine serum samples and to assess the stability of each amino acid after sample storage.

SAMPLES Surplus serum from 80 canine samples submitted to the Gastrointestinal Laboratory at Texas A&M University and serum samples from 12 healthy dogs.

PROCEDURES GC-MS was validated to determine precision, reproducibility, limit of detection, and percentage recovery of known added concentrations of 6 amino acids in surplus serum samples. Amino acid concentrations in serum samples from healthy dogs were measured before (baseline) and after storage in various conditions.

RESULTS Intra- and interassay coefficients of variation (10 replicates involving 12 pooled serum samples) were 13.4% and 16.6% for glycine, 9.3% and 12.4% for glutamic acid, 5.1% and 6.3% for methionine, 14.0% and 15.1% for tryptophan, 6.2% and 11.0% for tyrosine, and 7.4% and 12.4% for lysine, respectively. Observed-to-expected concentration ratios in dilutional parallelism tests (6 replicates involving 6 pooled serum samples) were 79.5% to 111.5% for glycine, 80.9% to 123.0% for glutamic acid, 77.8% to 111.0% for methionine, 85.2% to 98.0% for tryptophan, 79.4% to 115.0% for tyrosine, and 79.4% to 110.0% for lysine. No amino acid concentration changed significantly from baseline after serum sample storage at −80°C for ≤ 7 days.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE GC-MS measurement of concentration of 6 amino acids in canine serum samples yielded precise, accurate, and reproducible results. Sample storage at −80°C for 1 week had no effect on GC-MS results.
Effect of firocoxib on cyclooxygenase 2, microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase 1, and cytosolic phospholipase A2 gene expression in equine mononuclear cells
Authors: Barton Michelle H. , Darden Joshua E. , Clifton Sarah , Vandenplas Michel
Published: November 2015

OBJECTIVE To validate primer sets for use in reverse transcription quantitative PCR assays to measure gene expression of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase 1 (mPGES1) in equine mononuclear cells and determine the effects of firocoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitor, on COX-2, cPLA2, and mPGES1 gene expression following incubation of mononuclear cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

ANIMALS 8 healthy adult horses.

PROCEDURES Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated by density gradient centrifugation and incubated at 37°C with medium alone, firocoxib (100 ng/mL), LPS (1 ng/mL or 1 μg/mL), or combinations of firocoxib and both LPS concentrations. After 4 hours, supernatants were collected and tested for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentration with an enzyme inhibition assay, and gene expression in cell lysates was measured with PCR assays.

RESULTS Primer pairs for cPLA2 and mPGES1 yielded single products on dissociation curve analyses, with mean assay efficiencies of 102% and 100%, respectively. Incubation with firocoxib and LPS significantly decreased PGE2 supernatant concentrations and significantly reduced COX-2 and mPGES1 gene expression, compared with values following incubation with LPS alone.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Primer sets for mPGES1 and cPLA2 gene expression in equine mononuclear cells were successfully validated. Firocoxib significantly decreased LPS-induced COX-2 and mPGES1 expression, suggesting that it may be useful in the control of diseases in which expression of these genes is upregulated.
Analysis of visitor attendance at Polish tourism attractions
Authors: Kruczek Zygmunt
Published: November 2015

Tourism attractions are an important segment of the tourism market; they play an immense role in shaping the geography of the tourism movement. In spite of that studies devoted to tourism attractions are undertaken relatively rarely. In the present article, the author presents the results of research devoted to attendance at various types of tourism attraction in Poland, along with an attempt to identify the factors determining their popularity which is measured by the number of visitors. Among others, the author distinguishes the so-called flagship attractions which are of importance for the identity and general image of individual regions.
Ice phenomena as a tourism asset on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea
Authors: Girjatowicz Józef
Published: November 2015

The aim of the paper is to present selected ice phenomena occurring on the waters of the southern coast of the Baltic Sea which may be of tourism value. On the basis of his own observations and research over the period 2002-11, the author analysed interesting ice phenomena documented in 20 photographs showing in the main ice forms (grease ice ridges, ice hummocks, thrust ice). The photographs present the sea (8), lagoons (7) and lakes (5). The author has included brief descriptions of selected ice phenomena, focusing on interesting forms and their origins, which may encourage potential tourists to observe and explore icecovered water bodies. Ice tourism could be a part of cognitive, environmental, specialist, hiking, winter, seasonal or even occasional tourism.
Two New Species of the Genus Calozodion Gardiner (Crustacea: Tanaidacea: Apseudomorpha) from the Adriatic Sea and the Indian Ocean, and the Reclassification of C. Dollfusi Guţu, 1989 in the Genus Julmarichardia Guţu/ Două specii noi din Genul Calozodion Gardiner (Crustacea: Tanaidacea: Apseudomorpha) din Marea Adriatică şi Oceanul Indian şi reclasificarea speciei C. Dollfusi Guţu, 1989 în Genul Julmarichardia Guţu
Authors: Guţu Modest
Published: November 2015

Rezumat

Sunt descrise două specii noi pentru ştiinţă, Calozodion bogoescui şi C. tanzaniense, provenind din apele sud-estice italiene ale Mării Adriatice şi, respectiv, cele tanzaniene ale Oceanului Indian. Prin descrierea speciei C. bogoescui n. sp. este menţionată pentru prima dată prezenţa genului Calozodion Gardiner, 1973 în bazinul mediteranean. Principalele trăsături morfologice caracteristice speciei mediteraneene constau în numărul mic al articulelor endopodului uropodal (numai şapte, în comparaţie cu 13-16, cât au celelalte specii ale genului) şi lungimea mică a merusului chelipedului (comparativ cu cea a carpului). Specia C. tanzaniense n. sp. se deosebeşte de celelalte cunoscute prin următoarea combinaţie de trăsături morfologice: (1) antenula cu trei apofize spiniforme pe marginea externă a primului articul peduncular, (2) antena formată din nouă aticule, (3) bazisul pereopodului II cu sete penate lungi numai pe marginea dorsală, (4) bazisul pereopodelor III şi IV cu câte o apofiză spiniformă pe marginea dorsală şi (5) merusul pereopodului VII cu cinci sete penate lungi pe marginea dorsală.

Totodată specia C. dollfusi Guţu, 1989 este transferată în alt gen, devenind Julmarichardia dollfusi (Guţu, 1989), comb. nov., iar în cazul masculilor speciei C. dominiki Bochert, 2012 sunt comentate unele particularităţi morfologice neîntâlnite la alte specii ale genului. În partea finală a lucrării este prezentată cheia de identificare a celor 11 specii ale genului Calozodion.
An Investigation of Ant-Nest Corrosion caused by the Leakage of a Copper Tube – Finned Heat Exchanger of an Air Conditioning Unit
Authors: Gaedicke R. , Stein S.
Published: November 2015

Leakages often occur in the copper tube – finned heat exchangers of cooling and air conditioning units, the dimensions of which are on the microscopic scale thus making the location and cause very difficult to determine. In the case presented here the leakages found were located using a Helium leak detector. After removing the fins of the heat exchanger, because the points of failure were not visible to the naked eye, a dye penetrant test was carried out on the affected area (Penetrations test or PT), which led to the discovery of three very small indications on one section of the tube. Subsequent microscopic laboratory examination revealed the cause to be microscopically small holes in the wall of the tube caused by corrosion through from the internal surface of the coolant side of the tube. The corrosion mechanism was identified as Formicary Corrosion otherwise referred to as Ant-Nest Corrosion. For this type of corrosion to occur, which according to the specialist literature is often found in Cooling or Air Conditioning units, an aqueous electrolyte or electrolytic film containing Carbonic acid and Oxygen is required which can lead to damage occurring within weeks to months. In the case described in this article, the unintentional ingress of an aqueous oxygenated acidic solution of Glycol into the heat exchanger was most probably responsible for the damage.