bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FRMD6 determines the cell fate towards senescence: involvement of the Hippo-YAP-CCN3 axis
Authors: Park Jung-Jin , Lee Su Jin , Baek Minwoo , Lee Ok-Jun , Nam Seungyoon , Kim Jaehong , Kim Jin Young , Shin Eun-Young , Kim Eung-Gook
Published: June 2024

Cellular senescence, a hallmark of aging, is pathogenically linked to the development of aging-related diseases. This study demonstrates that FRMD6, an upstream component of the Hippo/YAP signaling cascade, is a key regulator of senescence. Proteomic analysis revealed that FRMD6 is upregulated in senescent IMR90 fibroblasts under various senescence-inducing conditions. Silencing FRMD6 mitigated the senescence of IMR90 cells, suggesting its requirement in senescence. Conversely, the overexpression of FRMD6 alone induced senescence in cells and in lung tissue, establishing a causal link. The elevated FRMD6 levels correlated well with increased levels of the inhibitory phosphorylated YAP/TAZ. We identified cellular communication network factor 3 (CCN3), a key component of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype regulated by YAP, whose administration attenuated FRMD6-induced senescence in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, FRMD6 interacted with and activated MST kinase, which led to YAP/TAZ inactivation. The expression of FRMD6 was regulated by the p53 and SMAD transcription factors in senescent cells. Accordingly, the expression of FRMD6 was upregulated by TGF-β treatment that activates those transcription factors. In TGF-β-treated IMR90 cells, FRMD6 mainly segregated with p21, a senescence marker, but rarely segregated with α-SMA, a myofibroblast marker, which suggests that FRMD6 has a role in directing cells towards senescence. Similarly, in TGF-β-enriched environments, such as fibroblastic foci (FF) from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, FRMD6 co-localized with p16 in FF lining cells, while it was rarely detected in α-SMA-positive myofibroblasts that are abundant in FF. In sum, this study identifies FRMD6 as a novel regulator of senescence and elucidates the contribution of the FRMD6-Hippo/YAP-CCN3 axis to senescence.
Observations of diapycnal upwelling within a sloping submarine canyon
Authors: Wynne-Cattanach Bethan L. , Couto Nicole , Drake Henri F. , Ferrari Raffaele , Le Boyer Arnaud , Mercier Herlé , Messias Marie-José , Ruan Xiaozhou , Spingys Carl P. , van Haren Hans , Voet Gunnar , Polzin Kurt , Naveira Garabato Alberto C. , Alford Matthew H.
Published: June 2024

Small-scale turbulent mixing drives the upwelling of deep water masses in the abyssal ocean as part of the global overturning circulation1. However, the processes leading to mixing and the pathways through which this upwelling occurs remain insufficiently understood. Recent observational and theoretical work2–5 has suggested that deep-water upwelling may occur along the ocean’s sloping seafloor; however, evidence has, so far, been indirect. Here we show vigorous near-bottom upwelling across isopycnals at a rate of the order of 100 metres per day, coupled with adiabatic exchange of near-boundary and interior fluid. These observations were made using a dye released close to the seafloor within a sloping submarine canyon, and they provide direct evidence of strong, bottom-focused diapycnal upwelling in the deep ocean. This supports previous suggestions that mixing at topographic features, such as canyons, leads to globally significant upwelling3,6–8. The upwelling rates observed were approximately 10,000 times higher than the global average value required for approximately 30 × 106 m3 s−1 of net upwelling globally9.
Molecular basis for transposase activation by a dedicated AAA+ ATPase
Authors: de la Gándara Álvaro , Spínola-Amilibia Mercedes , Araújo-Bazán Lidia , Núñez-Ramírez Rafael , Berger James M. , Arias-Palomo Ernesto
Published: June 2024

Transposases drive chromosomal rearrangements and the dissemination of drug-resistance genes and toxins1–3. Although some transposases act alone, many rely on dedicated AAA+ ATPase subunits that regulate site selectivity and catalytic function through poorly understood mechanisms. Using IS21 as a model transposase system, we show how an ATPase regulator uses nucleotide-controlled assembly and DNA deformation to enable structure-based site selectivity, transposase recruitment, and activation and integration. Solution and cryogenic electron microscopy studies show that the IstB ATPase self-assembles into an autoinhibited pentamer of dimers that tightly curves target DNA into a half-coil. Two of these decamers dimerize, which stabilizes the target nucleic acid into a kinked S-shaped configuration that engages the IstA transposase at the interface between the two IstB oligomers to form an approximately 1 MDa transpososome complex. Specific interactions stimulate regulator ATPase activity and trigger a large conformational change on the transposase that positions the catalytic site to perform DNA strand transfer. These studies help explain how AAA+ ATPase regulators—which are used by classical transposition systems such as Tn7, Mu and CRISPR-associated elements—can remodel their substrate DNA and cognate transposases to promote function.
An intermediate Rb–E2F activity state safeguards proliferation commitment
Authors: Konagaya Yumi , Rosenthal David , Ratnayeke Nalin , Fan Yilin , Meyer Tobias
Published: June 2024

Tissue repair, immune defence and cancer progression rely on a vital cellular decision between quiescence and proliferation1,2. Mammalian cells proliferate by triggering a positive feedback mechanism3,4. The transcription factor E2F activates cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates the E2F inhibitor protein retinoblastoma (Rb). This action further increases E2F activity to express genes needed for proliferation. Given that positive feedback can inadvertently amplify small signals, understanding how cells keep this positive feedback in check remains a puzzle. Here we measured E2F and CDK2 signal changes in single cells and found that the positive feedback mechanism engages only late in G1 phase. Cells spend variable and often extended times in a reversible state of intermediate E2F activity before committing to proliferate. This intermediate E2F activity is proportional to the amount of phosphorylation of a conserved T373 residue in Rb that is mediated by CDK2 or CDK4/CDK6. Such T373-phosphorylated Rb remains bound on chromatin but dissociates from it once Rb is hyperphosphorylated at many sites, which fully activates E2F. The preferential initial phosphorylation of T373 can be explained by its relatively slower rate of dephosphorylation. Together, our study identifies a primed state of intermediate E2F activation whereby cells sense external and internal signals and decide whether to reverse and exit to quiescence or trigger the positive feedback mechanism that initiates cell proliferation.
Automated generation of consistent annual maximum NDVI on coal bases with a new algorithm
Authors: Li Jun , Qin Tingting , Zhang Chengye , Zhang Yicong , Zhang Yaping , Shi Haitao , Yang Yihao
Published: June 2024

Coal is one of the most important fossil energy sources and is ensuring global energy security. Annual maximum NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) data is an important indicator for the research in balancing coal mining and vegetation conservation. However, the existing annual maximum NDVI data displayed lower values with temporally inconsistent and a noticeable mosaic line. Here we propose an algorithm for automatically generating the annual maximum NDVI of China’s coal bases in Google Earth Engine called: Auto-NDVIcb. The accuracy of the Auto-NDVIcbalgorithm has been verified with an average RMSE of 0.087 for the 14 coal bases from 2013 to 2022. Based on the proposed Auto-NDVIcbalgorithm, an annual maximum NDVI dataset for all 14 coal bases in China from 2013 to 2022 was publicly released. This dataset can be fast and automatically updated online. Hence, the public dataset will continuously serve to monitor the vegetation change induced by coal mining, exploring the mechanism of vegetation degradation, and providing scientific data for developing vegetation protection policies in coal mines.
Nebivolol ameliorates sepsis-evoked kidney dysfunction by targeting oxidative stress and TGF-β/Smad/p53 pathway
Authors: Sabra Rahma Tharwat , Bekhit Amany Abdlrehim , Sabra Nourhan Tharwat , Abd El-Moeze Nadia Ahmed , Fathy Moustafa
Published: June 2024

Sepsis is a potential fetal organ destruction brought on through an overzealous immunologic reaction to infection, causing severe inflammation, septic shock, and damage to different organs. Although there has been progress in the identification and controlling of clinical sepsis, the fatality rates are still significant. This study, for the first time, intended to examine the possible ameliorative impact of Nebivolol, a β1-adrenergic antagonist antihypertensive drug, against nephrotoxicity resulted from cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in rats, on molecular basis. Sixty male Wistar albino rats were chosen. Oxidative stress indicators and biochemical markers of kidney activity were evaluated. Inflammatory mediators, fibrosis- and apoptosis-related proteins and gene expressions were investigated. Moreover, renal histopathological investigation was performed. CLP-induced nephrotoxicity characterized by markedly elevated serum levels of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, and renal malondialdhyde. On the other hand, it decreased serum total protein level, renal superoxide dismutase activity and reduced glutathione level. Additionally, it significantly elevated the renal inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, ilnerlukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β) and Caspase-3 protein, reduced IL-10 level, amplified the expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), p-Smad2/3 and alpha-smooth-muscle actin proteins, downregulated the B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) gene and elevated the transcription of Bcl-2-associated X-protein (Bax), p53 and Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) genes. Furtheremor, kidney tissues exhibited significant histopathological changes with CLP. On the contrary, Nebivolol significantly improved all these biochemical changes and enhanced the histopathological alterations obtained by CLP. This research showed, for the first time, that Nebivolol effectively mitigated the CLP-induced kidney dysfunction via its antioxidant, antifibrotic and anti-apoptotic activity through modulation of oxidative stress, TGF-β/NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad/p53 signaling pathways.
DG2GAN: improving defect recognition performance with generated defect image sample
Authors: Deng Fuqin , Luo Jialong , Fu Lanhui , Huang Yonglong , Chen Jianle , Li Nannan , Zhong Jiaming , Lam Tin Lun
Published: June 2024

This article aims to improve the deep-learning-based surface defect recognition. In actual manufacturing processes, there are issues such as data imbalance, insufficient diversity, and poor quality of augmented data in the collected image data for product defect recognition. A novel defect generation method with multiple loss functions, DG2GAN is presented in this paper. This method employs cycle consistency loss to generate defect images from a large number of defect-free images, overcoming the issue of imbalanced original training data. DJS optimized discriminator loss is introduced in the added discriminator to encourage the generation of diverse defect images. Furthermore, to maintain diversity in generated images while improving image quality, a new DG2 adversarial loss is proposed with the aim of generating high-quality and diverse images. The experiments demonstrated that DG2GAN produces defect images of higher quality and greater diversity compared with other advanced generation methods. Using the DG2GAN method to augment defect data in the CrackForest and MVTec datasets, the defect recognition accuracy increased from 86.9 to 94.6%, and the precision improved from 59.8 to 80.2%. The experimental results show that using the proposed defect generation method can obtain sample images with high quality and diversity and employ this method for data augmentation significantly enhances surface defect recognition technology.
Effects of angle of incidence of stimulus light on photopic electroretinograms of zebrafish larvae
Authors: Matsubara Hisashi , Chujo Shinichiro , Mase Yoko , Muramoto Yukiko , Kato Kumiko , Kondo Mineo
Published: June 2024

In electroretinographic (ERG) recordings of zebrafish, the light stimulus is usually delivered by a fiber optic cable. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the angle of incidence of the stimulus light from the fiber optic cable will affect the amplitudes and implicit times of the ERGs of zebrafish larvae. The larvae were positioned on their side with the right eye pointed upward. The light stimuli were delivered by a fiber optic cable from three directions of the larvae: frontal 0° (F0°), dorsal 30°(D30°), and ventral 30°(V30°). Photopic ERGs were recorded from 16 larvae at age 5–6 days post-fertilization. Our results showed that the mean amplitude of the b-wave elicited at D30° and V30° stimulation was significantly smaller than that elicited at F0° stimulation (P = 0.014 and P = 0.019, respectively). In addition, the mean amplitude of the d-wave elicited at D30° and V30° stimulation was significantly smaller than that elicited at F0° stimulation (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.015, respectively). However, the difference between the b-wave amplitudes elicited at D30° and V30° stimuli were not significant (P = 0.98), and the d-wave amplitudes were also not significantly different (P = 0.20). The average b-wave amplitudes elicited at D30° stimulation was 84.6 ± 15.7% and V30° stimulation was 84.8 ± 17.4% relative to that of F0° stimulation. The average d-wave amplitudes elicited by D30° stimulation was 85.5 ± 15.2% and by V30° stimulation was 79.0 ± 11.0% relative to that of F0° stimulation. The differences in the implicit times of the b- and d-wave elicited by the different directions of stimulation were not significant (P = 0.52 and P = 0.14, respectively). We conclude that the amplitude of the photopic ERGs is affected by the angle of the incident light. Thus, it would be better to use ganzfeld stimuli to elicit maximum b- and d-wave amplitudes of the photopic ERGs of zebrafish larvae.
Magnesium enhances aurintricarboxylic acid’s inhibitory action on the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase
Authors: Souto-Guevara Cecilia A. , Obiol Diego , Bruno Camila L. , Ferreira-Gomes Mariela S. , Rossi Juan Pablo F. C. , Costabel Marcelo D. , Mangialavori Irene C.
Published: June 2024

Our research aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) inhibits plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA), a crucial enzyme responsible for calcium transport. Given the pivotal role of PMCA in cellular calcium homeostasis, understanding how it is inhibited by ATA holds significant implications for potentially regulating physiopathological cellular processes in which this pump is involved. Our experimental findings revealed that ATA employs multiple modes of action to inhibit PMCA activity, which are influenced by ATP but also by the presence of calcium and magnesium ions. Specifically, magnesium appears to enhance this inhibitory effect. Our experimental and in-silico results suggest that, unlike those reported in other proteins, ATA complexed with magnesium (ATA·Mg) is the molecule that inhibits PMCA. In summary, our study presents a novel perspective and establishes a solid foundation for future research efforts aimed at the development of new pharmacological molecules both for PMCA and other proteins.
Genetic diversity, chemical constituents and anatomical analysis of eight popular Olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars in Al-Jouf region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alhaithloul Haifa A. S. , Awad Nabil S. , Qari Sameer H. , El-Homosy Rania F. , Qaoud El-Sayed M. , Alqahtani Mesfer M. , Ghanem Kholoud Z. , Alasmari Abdulrahman , Alzuaibr Fahad M. , Ghazzawy Hesham S. , Abdein Mohamed A.
Published: June 2024

In light of the multitude of olive trees cultivated and the lack of the genetic diversity of available genotypes to select varieties and lines that are characterized by high diversity and better performance under the corresponding conditions, A comparison analysis of the genotyping and morphological characteristics of eight olive cultivars growing in Saudi Arabia’s Al-Jouf region was conducted and analyzed. Morpho-anatomical and chemical characteristics along with both inter-simple-sequence repeats (ISSRs) and start-codon-targeted (SCoT) markers were used to evaluate the genetic diversity among eight olive varieties in Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia. Analyses of 27 morphological, chemical, and anatomical characteristics concluded the existence of genetic differences among the studied varieties. Moreover, six ISSR and eight SCoT primer combinations produced a total of 48 loci, of which 18 (10 ISSR and 8 SCoT) were polymorphic. The average polymorphism information content (PIC values of 0.48 and 0.44, respectively) and marker index (MI of 0.79 and 0.48, respectively) detected for ISSR and SCoT markers revealed the prevalence of high genetic diversity among the studied olive varieties. Based on chemical and anatomical characteristics and the selected molecular markers, the eight olive cultivars were grouped into two distinct clusters. Clusters in the adjacent joint dendrogram produced using ISSR, SCoT and combined data were similar, and grouped all individuals into two groups. However, the dendrogram generated on the basis of SCoT separated individuals into subgroups containing at least two varieties. The findings showed that both methods were effective in assessing diversity, and that SCoT markers can be used as a reliable and informative method for assessing genetic diversity and relationships among olive varieties and can serve as a complementary tool to provide a more complete understanding of the genetic diversity available in Olea europaea populations in Saudi Arabia.
Determining the changes in morphology and loading status following medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy for flatfoot using patient-specific finite element models
Authors: Kobayashi Yumiko , Ikoma Kazuya , Maki Masahiro , Imai Kan , Kido Masamitsu , Okubo Naoki , Sotozono Yasutaka , Wang Zhongkui , Hirai Shinichi , Tanaka Masaki , Takahashi Kenji
Published: June 2024

Medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy (MDCO) is the standard procedure for flatfoot. We investigated the effect of MDCO on the foot using a finite element analysis. Foot models were created from computed tomography data of 8 patients with flat feet. MDCO was performed on each model with bone translation distance of 4, 8, and 12 mm. The morphological changes, plantar pressures, and stress percentage on the talocrural and subtalar joints were evaluated before and after surgery. Morphological evaluation showed improvement in the medial longitudinal arch. The stress percentage of plantar pressure in the medial area decreased, and the stress percentage of plantar pressure in the mid- and lateral forefoot area increased. At the talocrural joint, the medial and middle stress percentage increased, while the lateral and posterior stress percentage decreased. In the subtalar joint, the stress percentage in the middle subtalar joint increased and that in the posterior subtalar joint decreased. Within the posterior subtalar joint, the anterior and medial stress percentage increased, while the posterior and lateral stress percentage decreased. Preoperative simulation using the finite element analysis may be useful in understanding postoperative morphological changes and loading conditions to perform patient-specific surgery.
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of SCD411 and reference aflibercept in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Kang Se Woong , Choi Jaehwan , Sheth Veeral S. , Nowosielska Agnieszka , Misiuk-Hojlo Marta , Papp András , Brown David M. , Lee Jae-Ho , Barak Yoreh
Published: June 2024

To compare the efficacy and safety of the proposed aflibercept biosimilar SCD411 and reference aflibercept in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration, this randomized, double-masked, parallel-group, multicenter study was conducted in 14 countries from 13 August 2020 to 8 September 2022. Patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. With subfoveal, juxtafoveal, or extrafoveal choroidal neovascularization were aged 50 years or older. Intravitreal injection of SCD411 or aflibercept (2.0 mg) were administered every 4 weeks for the first three injections and every 8 weeks until week 48. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change in best-corrected visual acuity from baseline to week 8 with an adjusted equivalence margin of ± 3.0 letters. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either SCD411 (n = 288) or reference aflibercept (n = 288). A total of 566 participants (98.3%) completed week 8 of the study. The least-squares mean difference of change in best-corrected visual acuity from baseline to week 8 (SCD411—aflibercept) was − 0.4 letters (90% confidence interval =  − 1.6 to 0.9). The incidence of ocular (69 of 287 [24.0%] vs. 71 of 286 [24.8%]) and serious ocular (5 of 287 [1.7%] vs. 3 of 286 [1.0%]) treatment-emergent adverse effects were similar between the SCD411 and aflibercept groups. Immunogenicity analysis revealed a low incidence of neutralizing antibody formation in both groups. In conclusion, SCD411 has equivalent efficacy compared with reference aflibercept in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration and has a comparable safety profile. The results support the potential use of SCD411 for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
Wearable sensor-based quantitative gait analysis in Parkinson’s disease patients with different motor subtypes
Authors: Zhang Weishan , Ling Yun , Chen Zhonglue , Ren Kang , Chen Shengdi , Huang Pei , Tan Yuyan
Published: June 2024

Gait impairments are among the most common and disabling symptoms of Parkinson’s disease and worsen as the disease progresses. Early detection and diagnosis of subtype-specific gait deficits, as well as progression monitoring, can help to implement effective and preventive personalized treatment for PD patients. Yet, the gait features have not been fully studied in PD and its motor subtypes. To characterize comprehensive and objective gait alterations and to identify the potential gait biomarkers for early diagnosis, subtype differentiation, and disease severity monitoring. We analyzed gait parameters related to upper/lower limbs, trunk and lumbar, and postural transitions from 24 tremor-dominant (TD) and 20 postural instability gait difficulty (PIGD) dominant PD patients who were in early stage and 39 matched healthy controls (HC) during the Timed Up and Go test using wearable sensors. Results show: (1) Both TD and PIGD groups showed restricted backswing range in bilateral lower extremities and more affected side (MAS) arm, reduced trunk and lumbar rotation range in the coronal plane, and low turning efficiency. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed these objective gait features had high discriminative value in distinguishing both PD subtypes from the HC with the area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.7~0.9 (p < 0.01). (2) Subtle but measurable gait differences existed between TD and PIGD patients before the onset of clinically apparent gait impairment. (3) Specific gait parameters were significantly associated with disease severity in TD and PIGD subtypes. Objective gait biomarkers based on wearable sensors may facilitate timely and personalized gait treatments in PD subtypes through early diagnosis, subtype differentiation, and disease severity monitoring.
Ancestral and contemporary intertidal mariculture practices support marine biodiversity in the northeast Pacific
Authors: Cox Kieran D. , Davies Hailey L. , Millard-Martin Ben , Black Morgan , Hessing-Lewis Margot , Smith Nicole F. , Juanes Francis , Dudas Sarah E.
Published: June 2024

The cultivation of seafood now outpaces extraction from wild populations. This novel state in the history of human-marine ecosystem interactions highlights the importance of identifying cultivation practices that balance production and conservation. Here, we test the hypothesis that two shellfish cultivation practices, one that spans decades and the other millennia, bolsters habitat complexity, which increases epifaunal (surface) invertebrate diversity. To do so, we conducted multiple surveys of 24 First Nations clam gardens, shellfish aquaculture farms, and non-walled or unmodified beaches along the west coast of Canada. We show that habitat alterations specific to each cultivation practice restructure epifaunal communities at several ecological and spatial scales. Distinct communities within clam gardens and shellfish farms are a function of habitat complexity at 25–50 and 50–100 cm resolutions and changes in the amount of gravel, bivalve shells, and seaweeds. Our findings highlight how resource cultivation can contribute to achieving sustainable human-ecosystem interactions.
Cobalt(ii) coordination polymers with single-ion magnet property
Authors: Wan Yi , Zhang Yang-Lu , Zhang Qian , Yang Shun-Yi , Shao Dong
Published: June 2024

This highlight summarises recent advancements in cobalt(ii) coordination polymers exhibiting single-ion magnet property.
Modeling and admittance recursive simulation of anti-reflective coatings for photothermal conversion: synergy between subwavelength structures and gradient refractive index layers
Authors: Zhu Zihao , Bu Yanyan , Wang Xiangfu
Published: June 2024

We propose a new anti-reflective coating consisting of a gradient-doped fluorescent glass film covering a subwavelength structural layer for photothermal conversion.
Resource utilization of oak fruit peel as biomass waste for the synthesis of carbon with graphene oxide-like composition and its composite with Mg1−xCaxFe2O4for Cd(ii) removal from water: characterization, magnetic properties, and potential adsorption study
Authors: Zohrabi Younes , Ghazi Mohammad Ebrahim , Izadifard Morteza , Valipour Alireza , Ayyaru Sivasankaran
Published: June 2024

In this study, carbon with graphene oxide (GO)-like composition (CGO) was prepared from oak fruit peel (OFP) using a room-temperature method.
Leveraging natural language processing to curate the tmCAT, tmPHOTO, tmBIO, and tmSCO datasets of functional transition metal complexes
Authors: Kevlishvili Ilia , St. Michel Roland G. , Garrison Aaron G. , Toney Jacob W. , Adamji Husain , Jia Haojun , Román-Leshkov Yuriy , Kulik Heather J.
Published: June 2024

Leveraging natural language processing models including transformers, we curate four distinct datasets: tmCAT for catalysis, tmPHOTO for photophysical activity, tmBIO for biological relevance, and tmSCO for magnetism.
First-principles NMR of oxide glasses boosted by machine learning
Authors: Charpentier Thibault
Published: June 2024

Machine-learning prediction of NMR tensors allows simulation NMR experiments at finite temperature for models of thousands of atoms.
Room temperature synthesis of 3D-nanocrystalline graphitic carbon from biomass-derived sugars, alcohols, and polyphenolic compounds
Authors: Simanullang Wiyanti Fransisca , Nganglumpoon Rungkiat , Watmanee Suthasinee , Pinthong Piriya , Tolek Weerachon , Liu Yan , Panpranot Joongjai
Published: June 2024

Oxygenic carbon precursors were reduced to 3D-graphitic carbon on the negatively charged Ag surface with high localized electric field simultaneously with intermolecular dehydration between the molecules of organic precursors.
Nanoconstruction of curcuminoid boron difluoride dyes with aggregation-induced emission for bright near-infrared fluorescence imaging of malignant tumor
Authors: Zhao Ziwei , Yan Susu , Li Yanan
Published: June 2024

A novel curcuminoid boron difluoride derivative nanoparticles was precisely constructed. It demonstrated aggregation-induced emission-enhanced bright near-infrared fluorescence imaging for the early and precise diagnosis of cancer.
Amphiphilic cyclodextrin derivatives with antibacterial activity: chemical mutation and structure–activity relationship
Authors: Yamamura Hatsuo , Kato Ayame , Yamada Eri , Kato Hisato , Katsu Takashi , Masuda Kazufumi , Osawa Kayo , Miyagawa Atsushi
Published: June 2024

How cationic groups and hydrophobic groups are present on cyclodextrins determines their bacterial membrane disrupting antibacterial activity.
Synthesis and bioactivity investigation of benzophenone and its derivatives
Authors: Lei Chun , Yang Wanjing , Lin Ziyu , Tao Yuyan , Ye Renping , Jiang Yucai , Chen Yuli , Zhou Beidou
Published: June 2024

Several benzophenones and their derivatives were synthesised, and most of which showed antitumour activity, especially compound 1. Therefore, the antitumour mechanism of compound 1 was investigated through network pharmacology and molecular docking.
Total synthesis of naturally occurring abietane diterpenoids via a late-stage Fe(iii)-bTAML catalysed Csp3–H functionalization
Authors: Munda Mintu , Chatterjee Debasmita , Majhi Moumita , Biswas Souvik , Pal Debopam , Bisai Alakesh
Published: June 2024

A site-selective C–H functionalization strategy has been developed for a concise total synthesis of angustanol (5), majusanin B (2), majusanic acid D (1), angustanoic acid F (4), angustanoic acid E (6) and angustanoic acid G (3).
A thermally activated delayed fluorescent platinum(ii) complex for red organic light emitting diodes with high efficiencies and small roll-off
Authors: Yang Jian-Gong , Li Nengquan , Li Jiayu , Song Xiu-Fang , Li Ming-De , Zhang Jingling , Li Kai
Published: June 2024

A design of Pt(ii)–TADF emitters based on metal-perturbed intraligand charge-transfer excited states towards high-performance red organic light-emitting diodes is presented.
Highly ion conductive ion solvating membranes for durable alkaline water electrolysis at low temperature and voltage
Authors: Hu Bin , Li Zhongyan , Liu Lei , Liu Min , Huang Yingda , Guo Tiegen , Zhang Rong , Geng Kang , Li Nanwen
Published: June 2024

Highly ion conductive Gel-state NPBI ion solvating membranes was fabricated for alkaline water electrolysis at low temperature and voltage (1780 h under a current density of 0.5 A cm−2).
An advanced integral sliding mode controller design for residual current compensation inverters in compensated power networks to mitigate powerline bushfire hazards
Authors: Roy Tushar Kanti , Mahmud Md Apel
Published: June 2024

This work deals with designing an advanced integral sliding mode controller (AISMC) for residual current compensation (RCC) inverters connected with arc suppression coils to compensate for power distribution networks where the main idea is to alleviate hazardous circumstances caused by electric faults on powerlines. The key advancement in the proposed AISMC over traditional sliding mode controllers is the utilization of an improved exponential reaching law which ensures the faster convergence of the desired control objective that is the fault current compensation in this particular application. An improved exponential reaching law (IERL) used in this work is a combination of the exponential and constant‐proportional reaching laws (while existing approaches use constant reaching laws) which assists to minimize the current injection error through the RCC inverter in the steady‐state. The integral action in conjunction with the exponential function in the sliding surface, based on which the proposed controller is designed, helps to eliminate the chattering effects in a quickest way that can be evidenced from the settling time and percentage overshoot. The feasibility of the proposed AISMC is theoretically assessed by analyzing the stability using the Lyapunov stability theory. Simulation and processor‐in‐loop results further justify the theoretical foundation by confirming the desired current injection and compensating voltage and current due to the fault. Finally, results are compared with a TIMSC for demonstrating the superiority of the AISMC.
Voltage unbalance assessment in a distribution system incorporated with renewable‐based sources and electric vehicles in an uncertain environment
Authors: K. K. Nandini , Sabhahit Jayalakshmi N. , Jadoun Vinay Kumar
Published: June 2024

This work aims to assess the impact of electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy sources (RESs) on the voltage unbalance factor (VUF) and a combined assessment of distribution network operational parameters such as voltage stability, reliability and power loss (VRP) index on modified IEEE 33 bus system under three distinct operational cases. A severe power quality issue such as voltage unbalance can result from integrating RESs and EVs with the distribution system. It effects the performance and durability of the consumer side as well as power system equipment. A coordinated charging–discharging strategy of EVs with RESs is proposed to keep the VUF within the acceptable limit. Solar and wind energies are uncertain and often unavailable at the time of load demand, which is modelled by Monte‐Carlo Simulation (MCS) for effective energy management. The fuel cell is used as a backup source to handle the variability of solar and wind energies. The proposed problem is solved using two different optimization methods i.e., a modified version of JAYA and whale optimization algorithm (WOA) using MATLAB software. The modified WOA outperforms the other optimization method and the existing literature in minimizing the % VUF and VRP index in case 2 operation, with values of 1.7 and 8.89 respectively. Case 3 also achieves low objective function values, but the VUF and VRP index are 11.76% and 9.67% higher than case 2 by modified WOA. This demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed approach and the proper uncertainty modelling of sources.
Induced voltage in piezoelectric tube driven segments and their use in nanopositioning, an assessment
Authors: Mohammadzaheri Morteza , Tafreshi Reza , Bazghaleh Mohsen , Grainger Steven , Khorasani Mohammad
Published: June 2024

A piezoelectric tube actuator has a number of segments or electrodes. The induced voltage and the piezoelectric voltage, two easy‐to‐measure electrical signals in piezoelectric tubes, have been used in position estimation of these actuators since 2006 and 1982. However, since introduction, the induced voltage has never been compared with the piezoelectric voltage for piezoelectric tubes’ position estimation. In addition, only linear models have been used to present the relationship between the induced voltage and the position of piezoelectric tubes. In other words, in the literature, it has been practically assumed that (1) the relationship between the induced voltage and the position is linear, and (2) the induced voltage can estimate the position more accurately compared to the piezoelectric voltage. This article assesses and nullifies both these assumptions. In this research, with the use of the experimental data, both aforementioned voltage signals were mapped into the position through linear and nonlinear models. It was shown that the position can be estimated less accurately with the induced voltage compared to the piezoelectric voltage, and the relationship of the position with the induced voltage presents higher and non‐negligible nonlinearity compared to the one with the piezoelectric voltage.
New ephemerides and detection of transit-timing variations in the K2-138 system using high-precision CHEOPS photometry
Authors: Vivien H. G. , Hoyer S. , Deleuil M. , Sulis S. , Santerne A. , Christiansen J. L. , Hardegree-Ullman K. K. , Lopez T. A.
Published: June 2024

Context. Multi-planet systems are a perfect laboratory for constraining planetary formation models. A few of these systems present planets that come very close to mean motion resonance, potentially leading to significant transit-timing variations (TTVs) due to their gravitational interactions. Of these systems, K2-138 represents an excellent laboratory for studying the dynamics of its six small planets (with radii ranging between ~1.5–3.3 R⊕), as the five innermost planets are in a near 3:2 resonant chain.

Aims. In this work, we aim to constrain the orbital properties of the six planets in the K2-138 system by monitoring their transits with CHaracterising ExOPlanets Satellite (CHEOPS). We also seek to use this new data to lead a TTV study on this system.

Methods. We obtained twelve light curves of the system with transits of planets d, e, f, and g. With these data, we were able to update the ephemerides of the transits for these planets and search for timing transit variations.

Results. With our measurements, we reduced the uncertainties in the orbital periods of the studied planets, typically by an order of magnitude. This allowed us to correct for large deviations, on the order of hours, in the transit times predicted by previous studies. This is key to enabling future reliable observations of the planetary transits in the system. We also highlight the presence of potential TTVs ranging from 10 min to as many as 60 min for planet d.
Weighing protoplanetary discs with kinematics: Physical model, method, and benchmark
Authors: Veronesi B. , Longarini C. , Lodato G. , Laibe G. , Hall C. , Facchini S. , Testi L.
Published: June 2024

Context. The mass of protoplanetary discs determines the amount of material available for planet formation, the level of coupling between gas and dust, and possibly also sets gravitational instabilities. Measuring the mass of a disc is challenging, as it is not possible to directly detect H2, and CO-based estimates remain poorly constrained.

Aims. An alternative method has recently been proposed that does not rely on tracer-to-H2 ratios. It allows dynamical measurement of the disc mass together with the star mass and the disc critical radius by looking at deviations from Keplerian rotation induced by the self-gravity of the disc. So far, this method has been used to weigh three protoplanetary discs: Elias 2-27, IM Lup, and GM Aurigae.

Methods. We provide a numerical benchmark of the above method. To this end, we simulated isothermal self-gravitating discs with a range of masses from 0.01 to 0.2 M⊙ with the PHANTOM code and post-processed them with radiative transfer (MCFOST) to obtain synthetic observations.

Results. We find that dynamical weighing allows us to retrieve the expected disc masses as long as the disc-to-star mass ratio is larger than Md/M* = 0.05. We estimate an uncertainty for the disc mass measurement of ~25%.
Dust properties and their variations in comet C/2013 X1 (PANSTARRS)
Authors: Shubina Olena , Zubko Evgenij , Kleshchonok Valerii , Ivanova Oleksandra V. , Husárik Marek , Videen Gorden
Published: June 2024

Context. We analyze the results of photometric monitoring of comet C/2013 X1 (PANSTARRS) from December 2015 until January 2016 obtained within B, V, and R Johnson–Cousins filters.

Aims. The main objective is to investigate the dust coma and to obtain the physical characteristics of its dust particles.

Methods. We analyzed our observations using model-agglomerated debris particles, and we constrained the microphysical properties of the dust in comet C/2013 X1 (PANSTARRS) on the pre-outburst and post-outburst epochs. Moreover, we applied a geometrical model to the images processed by digital filters to estimate the rotational period of the nucleus.

Results. Our campaign revealed a sharp increase in the comet brightness on January 1, 2016. The B − V and V − R colors calculated within an aperture size of 17 000 km appear to be mostly red, except for the outburst date. The dust production (A f ρ proxy) and normalized spectral gradient S′ (B − R) dramatically changed on January 2 as compared to what was seen in December 2015. According to this model, the C/2013 X1 coma was populated by 70% organic-matter particles by volume and by two types of silicate particles together, constituting the other 30%. One type of silicate particles was composed of Mg-rich silicates, whereas the other type was composed of both Mg-rich and Fe-poor silicates. Using the geometrical model, we estimate the nucleus rotational period to be (24.02 ± 0.02) h. We interpret the observed coma morphology by two jet structures, one structure that formed by the near-pole active area at a latitude of (85+5−3)°, and the other structure formed by an active area at a latitude of (+40 ± 5)°.
Bayesian sensitivity of binary pulsars to ultra-light dark matter
Authors: Kůs Pavel , López Nacir Diana , Urban Federico R.
Published: June 2024

Ultra-light dark matter perturbs the orbital motion of binary pulsars, in particular by causing peculiar time variations of a binary’s orbital parameters, which then induce variations in the pulses’ times of arrival. Binary pulsars have therefore been shown to be promising detectors of ultra-light dark matter. To date, the sensitivity of binary pulsars to ultra-light dark matter has only been studied for dark matter masses in a narrow resonance band around a multiple of the binary pulsar orbital frequency. In this study we devise a two-step, bayesian method that enables us to compute semi-analytically the sensitivity for all masses, also away from the resonance, and to combine several observed binaries into one global sensitivity curve. We then apply our method to the case of a universal, linearly-coupled, scalar ultra-light dark matter. We find that with next-generation radio observatories the sensitivity to the ultra-light dark matter coupling will surpass that of Solar-System constraints for a decade in mass around m ∼ 10−21 eV, even beyond resonance
Enhanced particle acceleration in a pulsar wind interacting with a companion
Authors: Richard-Romei Valentina , Cerutti Benoît
Published: June 2024

Context. Pulsar winds have been shown to be preferred sites of particle acceleration and high-energy radiation. Numerous studies have been conducted to better characterize the general structure of such relativistic plasmas in isolated systems. However, many pulsars are found in binary systems and there are currently no ab initio models available that would include both the pulsar magnetosphere and the wind of the pulsar in interaction with a spherical companion.

Aims. We investigate the interaction between a pulsar wind and a companion to probe the rearrangement of the pulsar wind, assess whether it leads to an enhancement of particle acceleration, and predict the high-energy radiative signature that stems from this interaction. We consider the regime where the companion is small enough to hold between two successive stripes of the wind.

Methods. We performed two-dimensional (2D) equatorial particle-in-cell simulations of an inclined pulsar surrounded by a spherical, unmagnetized, perfectly conducting companion settled in its wind. Different runs correspond to different distances and sizes of the companion.

Results. We find that the presence of the companion significantly alters the structure of the wind. When the companion lies beyond the fast magnetosonic point, a shock is established and the perturbations are advected in a cone behind the companion. We observe an enhancement of particle acceleration due to forced reconnection as the current sheet reaches the companion surface. Hence, high-energy synchrotron radiation is also amplified. The orbital light curves display two broad peaks reaching up to 14 times the high-energy pulsed flux emitted by an isolated pulsar magnetosphere. These effects increase with the growth of the companion size and with the decrease of the pulsar-companion separation.

Conclusions. The present study suggests that a pulsar wind interacting with a companion induces a significant enhancement of high-energy radiation that takes the form of an orbital-modulated hollow cone of emission, which should be detectable by galactic-plane surveys, possibly with long-period radio transient counterparts.
HADES Overview
Authors: Spies Simon ,   al. HADES Collaboration
Published: June 2024

In this contribution we present results from Au+Au collisions at √SNN = 2.42 GeV as well as Ag+Ag collisions at √SNN = 2.42 and 2.55 GeV measured by HADES. We focus on three different observables: electromagnetic probes, collective and bulk-matter phenomena and strangeness production which are discussed in the following.
Jet modifications - Experimental overview
Authors: Havener Laura
Published: June 2024

This proceeding summarizes a selection of experimental results on jet modifications in the quark-gluon plasma from the XXXth International Conference on Ultra-relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions, Quark Matter 2023.
Directed flow and hyperon polarization at RHIC BES from multi-fluid dynamics
Authors: Karpenko Iurii , Cimerman Jakub
Published: June 2024

We present directed flow of protons and pions, as well as mean polarization of Λ and ¯Λ hyperons computed for Au-Au collisions at √SNN = 5 … 19.6 GeV in MUFFIN model. MUlti Fluid simulation for Fast IoN collisions, or MUFFIN, is a state-of-the-art 3-fluid dynamic model for simulating heavy-ion collisions in the region from a few to a hundred GeV center-of-mass energy. Whereas MUFFIN succeeds to reproduce basic observables in the collision energy range of interest, the slope of the directed flow at mid-rapidity is much steeper as compared to the data, it has unclear EoS dependence and final-state hadronic cascade affects this observable significantly. The excitation function of the Λ polarization shows a significant splitting between polarizations of Λ and ¯Λ, which challenges a widespread interpretation that the splitting is affected mainly by the late-stage magnetic field.
Exact polarization of particles of any spin at global equilibrium
Authors: Palermo Andrea
Published: June 2024

The polarization of the Λ particle offers the unique opportunity to study the hydrodynamic gradients in the Quark-Gluon Plasma formed in heavyion collisions. However, the theoretical formula commonly used to calculate polarization is only a linear order expansion in thermal vorticity and neglects higher-order corrections. Here, I present an exact calculation to all orders in (constant) thermal vorticity at global equilibrium, obtaining the analytic form of the spin density matrix and the polarization vector for massive particles of any spin. Finally, I extend these results to local equilibrium and assess their phenomenological impact by numerically calculating the polarization vector in a 3+1 hydrodynamic simulation.
Simulating collectivity in dense baryon matter with multiple fluids
Authors: Cimerman Jakub , Karpenko Iurii , Tomášik Boris , Huovinen Pasi
Published: June 2024

A novel three-fluid dynamical model for simulations of heavy-ion collisions at RHIC Beam Energy Scan programme, called MUFFIN, has been developed. The novelty consists of modular inclusion of the Equation of State, use of hyperbolic coordinates that allow to simulate higher collision energies, and fluctuating initial conditions. The model reproduces rapidity and pt spectra of collisions from √SNN = 7.7 to 62.4 GeV. Ideal fluid is assumed, and the elliptic flow is over-predicted, particularly at lower collision energies.