bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bread consumption habits in the gluten free diet
Authors: Csapóné Riskó Tünde , Péntek Ádám , Wiwczaroski Troy
Published: June 2018

Gluten is a protein found in many grain products. Celiac disease is a genetic autoimmune disorder characterized by sensitivity to gluten. When a person with celiac disease consumes gluten, his/her immune system perceives the gluten to be a harmful substance and reacts negatively. The only treatment for individuals with celiac disease is lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet. It is one of the most frequent and well defined of all lifelong diseases. In Hungary, 1-2 % of the population is said to be affected, but only every 10th has been diagnosed. Bread is a basic and frequently consumed food made principally from wheat. Gluten is the main structure-forming protein in flour, and is responsible for the elastic characteristics of dough, and contributes to the crumb structure and appearance of many baked products. Gluten removal results in major problems for bakers. Currently many gluten-free products available on the market are of low quality, exhibiting poor mouth feel and flavour. People wishing to eat bread in the gluten-free diet basically have two options: buying or baking the bread for themselves. There are several gluten-free bread brands are available on the Hungarian market. The price, ingredients, texture, colour, softness of the available breads are different. There is a rather good choice in gluten-free flour mixtures on the Hungarian market, as well. The composition of these mixtures are also different. The aim of our empirical research was to investigate the gluten-free bread consumption habits of people following gluten-free diet. The research was carried out using Google forms in January 2017. Size of the sample is 196. The online form was shared in four closed gluten free Facebook groups in Hungary since they are really active in sharing information concerning gluten-free lifestyle and diet. Summarizing, in this study we wish to examine how evolve the world pork meat production, trade and consumption, and to demonstrate the main consuming countries, highlighting the role of China, as it is the most populated country in the world with its 1.4 billion inhabitants.

JEL Code: M31
Differences of the primary energy consumption of the countries all over the world
Authors: Tóth Judit , Magda Róbert
Published: June 2018

The global energy consumption is continuously growing, because the population of Earth and the standard of living expands day by day. As a result, the emission of greenhouse gases increases further more. The various countries use the different types of fuels in varying amount.In this study we have examined the primary energy consumption of the countries, according to the BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2016 (BP, 2016), based upon their usage of fuels.The assay resulted in a 7 cluster model. With one exception, each cluster contains a resource, which is used in a much larger amount than in the other clusters. As a result, we may differentiate between an average cluster, and the clusters of countries that use primarily hydropower, nuclear energy, renewable energy, coal, fossil oil, and natural gas.We have examined if there is any connection between the location of a country in a cluster and its HDI, as well as the countries’ competitiveness.

JEL Code: Q42, Q43, Q35, Q01, P28, P18
Empirical research on corporate strategies in Hungarian dairy industry
Authors: Szabó-Szentgróti Eszter , Szabó-Szentgróti Gábor , Szakály Zoltán
Published: June 2018

Corporate strategy has never been as important as it is nowadays. Markets are changing rapidly because of consumer demands, innovations, information flow and economic changes. Our paper concentrates on Hungarian dairy industry (hereinafter dairy) and four main objectives were defined to be analysed: (1) domestic dairy company features, (2) main strategic characteristics, (3) how companies’ strategy resonates on the consumer side and (4) companies’ financial background were analysed as well. A company database was made in order to prepare for the primary research and to understand better the nature of today’s market. B2B (26 companies) and B2C (503 people) surveys were used in order to gain primary data. In 2017 132 Hungarian companies were observed in milk processing, but 44% of the market participants are not present in dairy competition. It is a fairly fragmented market structure because 10-20% of the annual turnover is accumulated among the 80-90% of competitors. The factor analysis of the data proved that the dairy companies followed m strategies at the same time; and it is assumed that most of them are unconscious. Strategically, the majority of the dairy sector is not up-to-date and modern enough. SMEs sector management skills and strategic preparedness are considered to be out-of-date and insufficient. Strategic planning can possibly have an influence on financial results, which was only partly proved by the analysed criteria system. The production and use of own raw milk supplies might make companies experience financial benefits. Nearly 78% of the respondents would rather purchase goods made from own raw material. The willingness to pay a higher price for this was in average 5-15%.

JEL Code: L1, L66
What differentiates the entrepreneurs from non-entrepreneurs on nature and nurture?
Authors: Kazmi Syed Zaheer Abbas , Khan Samiuddin , Nábrádi András
Published: June 2018

Based on the importance and contribution of entrepreneurship in economic development, it is vital to know that what underlying factors may promote the spirit of entrepreneurship? The entrepreneurship literature suggests two kinds of broader influencers or predictors for entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs “nature” and “nurture”. In this study “nature” includes the psychological or personality related factors; self-confidence, locus of control, risk-taking propensity and trust levels. The “nurture” is explained by the effects from society in general and friends and family in particular. To answer the question “What differentiates the entrepreneurs from non-entrepreneurs on nature and nurture?” we collected data through questionnaire from 155 respondents. The 70 respondents were entrepreneurs and 85 were non-entrepreneurs. Step-wise discriminant analysis was used to determine the discriminating factors for entrepreneurs from non-entrepreneurs. Results indicate that societal impacts, risk taking propensity and trust levels were significantly discriminating the two groups; entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs. The study has important implications for policy makers, academicians, researchers and potential entrepreneurs.

JEL Code: L26, M13
Economic issues of duck production: A case study from Hungary
Authors: Molnár Szilvia , Szőllősi László
Published: June 2018

The Hungarian waterfowl sector is characterised by export orientation, as 55-57% of the revenue comes from exports, so its importance is high in the national economy. The production of slaughter animals in the duck sector has doubled in the last decade. The objective of the study is to examine production parameters, as well as the cost and profit situation of broiler duck production and to reveal the correlations between the factors with a case study through the example of a Hungarian company. The production parameters and cost data of the investigated farm (2014-2016, 96 production cycles) were analysed using descriptive statistical methods, correlation and regression analysis. The results show that the average cost of the duck produced in intensive, closed farming system was between 72.6 and 101.7 eurocent kg-1. The most significant cost items were feed (52-63%) and chicken cost (14-19%). The sales price decreased from 112.9 eurocent kg-1 to 98.4 eurocent kg-1 during the examined period, resulting in a profit from -3.3 to 25.7 eurocent kg-1, and overall profitability was decreasing. The study also revealed that there was no correlation between average cost and final bodyweight, while the correlation between average cost and reared period was weak. At the same time, the relationship between average cost and average daily weight gain, mortality, feed conversion ratio was moderate. In addition, the European Production Efficiency Factor (EPEF) can be adapted to the duck sector as strong, positive relationship can be scientifically verified between the indicator and average cost. There is a close correlation between the sold live weight per m2 and the amount of feed used per m2, as well as between the final bodyweight and the amount of feed used to rear a duck, while the correlation between average cost and the sold live weight per m2 is weak.

JEL Code: Q13, Q19
A Locked Intraosseous Nail for Transverse Patellar Fractures
Authors: Nienhaus Michael , Zderic Ivan , Wahl Dieter , Gueorguiev Boyko , Rommens Pol Maria
Published: June 2018

Background:

Displaced transverse patellar fractures require open reduction and internal fixation. State-of-the-art stabilization techniques are tension band wiring (TBW) using Kirschner wires or cannulated screws. These techniques are associated with high rates of secondary fracture displacement, implant migration, implant prominence, wound-healing disturbances, and the need for implant removal. Recently, a locked intraosseous patellar nail prototype was developed. The aim of the present study was to investigate the biomechanical performance of this nail compared with TBW using cannulated screws.

Methods:

Seven paired fresh-frozen human cadaveric knees were stripped of all soft tissues except the extensor apparatus. A transverse osteotomy was created to simulate an OTA/AO type 34-C1 transverse patellar fracture. The specimen pairs were randomly assigned to be fixed with TBW using cannulated screws or with the new intraosseous nail. Each specimen was cyclically tested for 5,000 cycles by pulling on the quadriceps tendon and simulating active knee extension and passive knee flexion within the range from 90° of flexion to full knee extension. Anterior and articular margin displacement of the fracture as well as interfragmentary rotation around the mediolateral axis were investigated with optical motion tracking after 100, 500, 1,000, 2,500, and 5,000 test cycles.

Results:

Within the respective 5 testing-cycle time points evaluated, the articular margin displaced on average 68%, 60%, 72%, 76%, and 81% less after intraosseous nailing compared with TBW. Whereas the difference remained nonsignificant after 100 and 500 cycles (p ≥ 0.116), a trend toward significance was observed after 1,000 cycles (p = 0.063), which became significant after 2,500 and 5,000 cycles (p ≤ 0.043).

Conclusions:

From a biomechanical point of view, the locked intraosseous patellar nail may be an alternative to TBW using cannulated screws because of the higher interfragmentary stability provided at the articular fracture site.

Clinical Relevance:

A locked patellar nail for transverse patellar fractures achieved a stable osteosynthetic construct that may reduce hardware-associated complications because of its intraosseous positioning.
Intravenous Versus Topical Tranexamic Acid in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Abdel Matthew P. , Chalmers Brian P. , Taunton Michael J. , Pagnano Mark W. , Trousdale Robert T. , Sierra Rafael J. , Lee Yuo-yu , Boettner Friedrich , Su Edwin P. , Haas Steven B. , Figgie Mark P. , Mayman David J.
Published: June 2018

Background:

Tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces bleeding and the need for transfusion after total knee arthroplasty. Most literature has focused on intravenous (IV) administration of TXA, with less data available on the efficacy of topically administered TXA. This multicenter randomized clinical trial specifically assessed the efficacy of topical TXA compared with IV TXA as measured by calculated blood loss, drain output, and transfusion rates. Complications, including venous thromboembolism (VTE), were reported.

Methods:

A total of 640 patients who underwent primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis at 2 large academic centers were randomized to receive 1 g of IV TXA prior to tourniquet inflation and 1 g at closure, or 3 g of TXA diluted in 45 mL of normal saline solution (total volume of 75 mL) and topically applied after cementation. Age, sex, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, and preoperative hemoglobin level were similar between the groups. Univariate, multiple linear regression, and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results:

Patients who received topical TXA had significantly greater calculated blood loss compared with those who received IV TXA (mean of 324 compared with 271 mL; p = 0.005). Drain output was significantly higher in the topical TXA group compared with the IV TXA group (mean of 560 compared with 456 mL; p < 0.0001). The rate of transfusion was low in the topical and IV groups, with no significant difference on univariate analysis (1.6% compared with 0.6%, respectively; p = 0.45); however, on multiple logistic regression analysis, patients who received topical TXA were 2.2-fold more likely to receive a transfusion (p < 0.0001). The topical and IV TXA groups did not differ significantly with respect to the rate of thrombotic events (0.6% compared with 1.6%, respectively; p = 0.45).

Conclusions:

In this large, randomized clinical trial involving patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty, both IV and topical TXA were associated with a low rate of transfusion. While IV TXA was associated with less calculated blood loss, lower drain output, and fewer transfusions, the small differences between the groups may not be clinically important. Given the low prevalence of thrombotic complications, the relative safety of one formulation of TXA over the other cannot be definitely established.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Casting Is Effective for Recurrence Following Ponseti Treatment of Clubfoot
Authors: van Praag Veroniek M. , Lysenko Magdalena , Harvey Barbara , Yankanah Rosanna , Wright James G.
Published: June 2018

Background:

Up to 40% of patients with idiopathic clubfoot who are treated with the Ponseti method experience recurrence of deformity. Many of these patients receive surgery (e.g., anterior tibial tendon transfer). An alternative approach for recurrent clubfoot is repeat Ponseti casting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of repeat Ponseti casting in the treatment of recurrent clubfoot.

Methods:

Patients with recurrent idiopathic clubfoot who were treated at our hospital, between 2004 and 2012, with repeat serial casting and bracing (the recurrent group) were eligible for inclusion in the study. The recurrent group and a control group of randomly selected patients seen during the same period who had not had recurrence were compared with respect to demographic data, age at the time of treatment, number of casts, subsequent surgical intervention(s), and the Disease-Specific Instrument (DSI) clubfoot scale. Patients were deemed to have a successful outcome if they had a well-corrected foot (defined as dorsiflexion of ≥10°, hindfoot in valgus, and a straight lateral border) at the time of follow-up.

Results:

Of a total of 71 eligible patients with clubfeet, 35 patients participated. At the time of follow-up, success rates were 74% for the recurrent group and 83% for the control group. Dorsiflexion past neutral was significantly higher in the control group than the patient group (20° versus 12°, respectively; p < 0.001). Ninety-five percent of the control subjects had a straight lateral border in comparison with 78% in the recurrent group (p = 0.004). Likewise, 97% of controls had the hindfoot in valgus in comparison with 80% of the recurrent group (p = 0.02). There was a significant difference in the ability to squat (76% in the control group and 43% in the recurrent group; p = 0.03). There was no difference between groups in the total outcome of the DSI.

Conclusions:

Recurrence was seen in 19% (71) of 382 children who were eligible for our study who were typically discharged after the age of 5 years from our clinic, indicating the importance of continued follow-up until after that age. Treatment with casting was successful in many patients and may be a reasonable choice for recurrent idiopathic clubfeet.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The 2017 American Orthopaedic Association North American Traveling Fellowship
Authors: Goldstein Christina L. , Tintle Scott M. , Hogan MaCalus V. , Ravi Bheeshma , Waterman Brian R.
Published: June 2018

Initially established in 1967, the American Orthopaedic Association (AOA) North American Traveling Fellowship was designed to promote leadership development, network creation, and knowledge exchange among emerging leaders in orthopaedic surgery, and it remains one of the AOA’s flagship tours. In 2017, the fellows visited 10 academic medical centers on the West Coast of Canada and the United States, participating in leadership, academic, clinical, and team-building activities. On the tour, we formed countless new friendships and collaborations, including exceptionally strong ones with each other. Because the 5 fellows came from diverse social, ethnic, religious, political, educational, and clinical backgrounds, the group discussions were lively and engaging. We all agree that the friendships that were made, the experiences that were encountered, and the lessons that were learned during the tour are priceless and will never be forgotten.
7062 SAYILI YÜKSEK SEÇİM KURULU’NUN TEŞKİLAT VE GÖREVLERİ HAKKINDA KANUN ÜZERİNE DEĞERLENDİRMELER
Authors: POLAT AKGÜN Deniz
Published: June 2018

Seçimler,
demokrasinin vazgeçilmez unsurudur. Yalnızca seçimlerin varlığı demokrasi için
yeterli olmasa da; seçim olmadan demokratik bir yönetimden bahsetmek de mümkün
değildir. Bununla birlikte, bir rejimin demokratik sayılabilmesi için
seçimlerin de bir takım nitelikleri taşıması gerekir. Buna göre; seçimler,
serbest, adil ve güvenilir olmalıdır. Gerçekten de, yalnızca belirli zaman
aralıklarıyla oy sandığına gidiliyor oluşu, o yönetimin demokratik olarak
nitelendirilebilmesi için tek ölçüt değildir. Serbest, adil ve güvenilir
seçimlerden söz edebilmek için de öncelikle seçim mevzuatında, seçimleri
serbest, adil ve güvenilir kılacak kurumlara ve mekanizmalara yer verilmesi
yaşamsaldır. Dolayısıyla, seçim takviminin başlangıcından bitişine kadar her
türlü seçim uyuşmazlığında son yetkili merci olan Yüksek Seçim Kurulu’nun
teşkilatına, işleyişine ve çalışma düzenine ilişkin yapılacak bir düzenleme
büyük önem taşımaktadır. Çalışmada, öncelikle, 7062 sayılı Yüksek Seçim
Kurulu’nun Teşkilat ve Görevleri Hakkında Kanun bu ölçütler çerçevesinde
değerlendirilecektir. Ardından, düzenlemenin, seçim hukukundaki ihtiyaçlara
cevap verip veremediği, seçim hukukuna ilişkin mevzuat ve Yüksek Seçim Kurulu
kararları çerçevesinde ele alınacaktır.
A deficit of decent work as a current trend in the development of social and labor sphere in Ukraine
Authors: Kolot Anatoliy , Herasymenko Oksana
Published: June 2018

Sustainable development of the national economy is impossible without the creation of conditions for safe, high-quality, efficient work. The relevance of the study is explained by the need of methodological substantiation and development of theoretical and applied instruments for ensuring decent work. The scientific and practical significance of the study is to distinguish the forms of manifestation, to establish the causes of decent work deficit within the new economy and to determine the vectors of its overcoming in Ukraine. The results of the study are focused on generalization of the modern trends in the development of social and labor sphere in Ukraine and improvement of the concept of decent work to be used in practice in order to achieve progress in the social and labor sphere. The subject of the study is theoretical and applied principles of the concept of decent work as a basis for the development of mechanisms and instruments to overcome the deficit of decent work. The methodological platform of the study is formed by the general scientific and special methods: theoretical generalization; abstract and logical synthesis; induction and deduction; classification and typology; comparative and structural analysis that would allow carrying out multidirectional research of the progress (regress) in the sphere of work on different levels. The methodological basis for achieving this goal is the systematic and interdisciplinary approaches to the study of socio-economic indicators of decent work deficit. The purpose of the study is a scientific and theoretical substantiation of the decent work deficit and determination of strategic guidelines for its overcoming in Ukraine. In the article the authors present their view on the institute of decent work. Forms of manifestation and causes of decent work deficit are presented. The content of the article shows the relationship of the deficit of decent work and the precariat phenomenon. The authors present their vision of the concept of decent work as a strategic development of social and labor sphere and a major road towards elimination of the deficit of decent work in Ukraine.
Operationalization of knowledge management in knowledge-intensive Pakistani banks: a qualitative case study
Authors: Bashir Memon Salman , Hussain Rizvi Wajid , Syed Sumaiya
Published: June 2018

This exploratory study deals with the core issues related to the operationalization of knowledge management in knowledge-intensive Pakistani banks. In terms of scientific relevance, this study is important, because it contributes to the body of literature on knowledge management issues in the context of banks in Pakistan. A qualitative research approach involving semi-structured interviews with senior managers and HR heads was adopted for the study. A total of sixteen interviews were conducted with senior managers and HR heads. All the interviews were carried out face to face amongst purposively selected participants from four commercial banks. The research findings were derived from the rigorous analytical process based on the qualitative content analysis method for making replicable and valid inferences from data in their context. The findings indicate that the present knowledge management system of the banks in Pakistan has helped members to meet the information needs through capture and to share explicit knowledge.
Drifting: Feminist Oral History and the Study of the Last Female Drifters in Iceland
Authors: Eygerðardóttir Dalrún
Published: June 2018

This paper examines the story of the last female drifters in Iceland from the voices of women who remembered them. It examines the advantages of the woman-on-woman oral history interview when obtaining women’s perspectives on women’s history. An examination of women’s narrative techniques suggests that women’s narrative style is often consistent with a conversational style; and therefore it is important to construct a space in woman-on-woman oral history interviews that carries a sense of place for a conversation. It also examines the woman-on-woman oral history interview as a continuation of women’s oral tradition in Iceland, especially an oral tradition from medieval Iceland; called a narrative dance (ice. sagnadans). Lastly, it examines the shared features of the Icelandic #Metoo event stories and the Icelandic narrative dances, in relation to woman-on-woman oral history interviews.
Current and Promising Therapies in Autosomal Recessive Ataxias
Authors: Picher-Martel Vincent , Dupre Nicolas
Published: June 2018

Background & Objective: Ataxia is clinically characterized by unsteady gait and imbalance.
Cerebellar disorders may arise from many causes such as metabolic diseases, stroke or genetic
mutations. The genetic causes are classified by mode of inheritance and include autosomal dominant,
X-linked and autosomal recessive ataxias. Many years have passed since the description of the Friedreich's
ataxia, the most common autosomal recessive ataxia, and mutations in many other genes have
now been described. The genetic mutations mostly result in the accumulation of toxic metabolites
which causes Purkinje neuron lost and eventual cerebellar dysfunction. Unfortunately, the recessive
ataxias remain a poorly known group of diseases and most of them are yet untreatable.

Conclusion:

The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive clinical profile and to review the
currently available therapies. We overview the physiopathology, neurological features and diagnostic
approach of the common recessive ataxias. The emphasis is also made on potential drugs currently or
soon-to-be in clinical trials. For instance, promising gene therapies raise the possibility of treating differently
Friedreich's ataxia, Ataxia-telangiectasia, Wilson's disease and Niemann-Pick disease in the
next few years.
Aluminum Suppresses Effect of Nicotine on Gamma Oscillations (20-40 Hz) in Mouse Hippocampal Slices
Authors: Farhat Syeda Mehpara , Ahmed Touqeer
Published: June 2018

Background:

Aluminum (Al) causes neurodegeneration and its toxic effects on cholinergic
system in the brain is well documented. However, it is unknown whether and how Al changes oscillation
patterns, driven by the cholinergic system, in the hippocampus.

Objective:

We studied acute effects of Al on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs)-mediated
modulation of persistent gamma oscillations in the hippocampus.

Method:

The field potential recording was done in CA3 area of acute hippocampal slices.

Results:

Carbachol-induced gamma oscillation peak power increased (1.32±0.09mV2/Hz, P<0.01) in
control conditions (without Al) by application of 10µM nicotine as compared to baseline value normalized
to 1. This nicotine-induced facilitation of gamma oscillation peak power was found to depend
on non-α7 nAChRs. In slices with Al
pre-incubation for three to four hours, gamma oscillation peak
power was reduced (5.4±1.8mV2/Hz, P<0.05) and facilitatory effect of nicotine on gamma oscillation
peak power was blocked as compared to the control (18.06±2.1mV2/Hz) or one hour Al pre-incubated
slices (11.3±2.5mV2/Hz). Intriguingly wash-out, after three to four hours of Al incubation, failed to restore
baseline oscillation power and its facilitation by nicotine as no difference was observed in
gamma oscillation peak power between Al wash-out slices (3.4±1.1mV2/Hz) and slices without washout
(3.6±0.9mV2/Hz).

Conclusion:

This study shows that at cellular level, exposure of hippocampal tissue to Al compromised
nAChR-mediated facilitation of cholinergic hippocampal gamma oscillations. Longer in vitro
Al exposure caused permanent changes in hippocampal oscillogenic circuitry and changed its sensitivity
to nAChR-modulation. This study will help to understand the possible mechanism of cognitive decline
induced by Al.
An Interdisciplinary Approach for Hypoplastic Amelogenesis Imperfecta: A Case Report
Authors: Ergun Gulfem , Ataol Ayse Seda
Published: June 2018

Introduction:

Generally, the appropriate rehabilitation concepts of patients with Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI) should include a multidisciplinary treatment approach.

Case Report:

This case report describes full mouth rehabilitation of a patient with AI. A 20 years old woman was referred to our clinic with a chief complaint of tooth discoloration, diastema, unsatisfactory esthetics and slight tooth sensitivity. Clinical, histological and radiographic examination revealed hypoplastic AI. Short crowns, diastema, occlusal wear with exposed dentin in the posterior areas, the lack of contact points, dental caries and discoloration were the other clinical findings.

Results:

As a result of the periodontal and prosthetic evaluation, gingivectomy and ostectomy were planned, and they followed a full mouth fixed prosthetic restoration.

Conclusion:

There was no complication or complaint in a 3-year follow-up. At the end of this follow-up period, the patient was satisfied with esthetics, function and phonation properties of her prostheses.
Матричный расчет спектральных характеристик A-=SUP=-II-=/SUP=-B-=SUP=-VI-=/SUP=- полупроводников, легированных ионами группы железа
Authors: Курчатов И.С. , Кустов Е.Ф.
Published: June 2018

AbstractA method for the matrix calculation of the spectral characteristics of AII–BVI semiconductors doped with iron-group ions is proposed, which takes into account all possible interactions in the ion and the effect of intramolecular surrounding fields of different symmetries. A technique for calculating the oscillator strength on the basis of eigenfunctions of the resulting states of 3 d ^7, 3 d ^8, and 3 d ^6 electron configurations is developed. The spectral regularities of the Co^2+, Ni^2+, and Fe^2+ energy structures for the ZnO, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, CdO, CdS, CdSe, and CdTe materials are studied. All possible spectral bands in iron-group ions implanted in AII–BVI semiconductors in the range of 1.3–3 μm are established. The possibility of implementing the laser effect on these materials is estimated.
Влияние примеси бора на излучательные свойства дислокационных структур в кремнии, сформированных путем имплантации ионов Si-=SUP=-+-=/SUP=-
Authors: Терещенко А.Н. , Королев Д.С. , Михайлов А.Н. , Белов А.И. , Никольская А.А. , Павлов Д.А. , Тетельбаум Д.И. , Штейнман Э.А.
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe effect of boron implantation on the light-emitting properties of dislocation structures formed in silicon by Si^+ ion implantation with subsequent annealing is studied. It is shown that the implantation of B^+ ions has a significant effect on the dislocation-related luminescence intensity, spectrum and the temperature dependence of the D1-band intensity. It is found that the temperature dependence is nonmonotonous and involves two regions, in which the D1-band intensity increases with increasing temperature and has two well-pronounced maxima at 20 K and 60–70 K. The maximum at 20 K is associated with the morphological features of the dislocation structure under study, whereas the maximum at 60–70 K is associated with the additional implantation of the boron impurity into the dislocation region of the samples. It is established that the intensities of the experimentally observed maxima and the position of the high-temperature maximum depend on the implanted boron concentration.
Исследование методом спектроскопии фотоотражения слоев LT-GaAs, выращенных на подложках Si и GaAs
Authors: Авакянц Л.П. , Боков П.Ю. , Казаков И.П. , Базалевский М.А. , Деев П.М. , Червяков А.В.
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe mechanical strains and densities of surface charge states in GaAs layers grown by low-temperature (LT) molecular-beam epitaxy on Si(100) and GaAs(100) substrates are investigated by photoreflectance spectroscopy. Lines corresponding to the fundamental transition ( E _ g ) and the transition between the conduction band and spin-orbit-split valence subband ( E _ g + Δ_ SO ) in GaAs are observed in the photoreflectance spectra of Si/LT-GaAs structures at 1.37 and 1.82 eV, respectively. They are shifted to lower and higher energies, respectively, relative to the corresponding lines in GaAs/LT-GaAs structures. Comparing the spectra of the Si/LT-GaAs and GaAs/LT-GaAs structures, it is possible to estimate mechanical strains in LT-GaAs layers grown on Si (by analyzing the spectral-line shifts) and the density of charge-carrier states at the GaAs/Si heterointerface (by analyzing the period of Franz–Keldysh oscillations).
Поперечный эффект Нернста-Эттингсгаузена в сверхрешетках при электрон-фононном рассеянии
Authors: Фигарова С.Р. , Гусейнов Г.И. , Фигаров В.Р.
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Nernst–Ettingshausen coefficient is calculated in superlattices with the cosine dispersion law in the case of the scattering of charge carriers at acoustic and polar optical phonons in a magnetic field in the layer plane. A significant increase in the Nernst–Ettingshausen coefficient of a degenerate quasi-three-dimensional electron gas in a weak magnetic field is shown. For polar optical-phonon scattering, the Nernst–Ettingshausen coefficient changes sign in a strong magnetic field.
Электрические свойства гетероструктур p-NiO/n-Si на основе наноструктурированного кремния
Authors: Пархоменко Г.П. , Солован М.Н. , Марьянчук П.Д.
Published: June 2018

AbstractSilicon nanowires are formed on n -Si substrates by chemical etching. p -NiO/ n -Si heterostructures are fabricated by reactive magnetron sputtering. The energy diagram of anisotype p -NiO/ n -Si heterostructures is constructed according to the Anderson model. The current–voltage and capacitance–voltage characteristics are measured and analyzed. The main current-transport mechanisms through the p -NiO/ n -Si heterojunction under forward and reverse biases are established.
Исследование временной динамики фотовозбужденных носителей заряда в сверхрешетках In-=SUB=-0.53-=/SUB=-Ga-=SUB=-0.47-=/SUB=-As/In-=SUB=-0.52-=/SUB=-Al-=SUB=-0.48-=/SUB=-As при воздействии фемтосекундными лазерными импульсами
Authors: Пономарев Д.С. , Хабибуллин Р.А. , Клочков А.Н. , Ячменев А.Э. , Бугаев А.С. , Хусяинов Д.И. , Буряков А.М. , Билык В.Р. , Мишина Е.Д.
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe results of experimental studies of the time dynamics of photoexcited charge carriers in In_0.53Ga_0.47As/In_0.52Al_0.48As superlattices grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on a GaAs substrate with a metamorphic buffer are reported. On the basis of the results of the numerical simulation of band diagrams, the optimal thickness of the In_0.52Al_0.48As barrier layer (4 nm) is chosen. At this thickness, the electron wave functions in In_0.53Ga_0.47As substantially overlap the In_0.52Al_0.48As barriers. This makes it possible to attain a short lifetime of photoexcited charge carriers (τ ~ 3.4 ps) at the wavelength λ = 800 nm and the pumping power 50 mW without doping of the In_0.53Ga_0.47As layer with beryllium. It is shown that an increase in the wavelength to λ = 930 nm (at the same pumping power) yields a decrease in the lifetime of photoexcited charge carriers to τ ~ 2 ps. This effect is attributed to an increase in the capture cross section of trapping states for electrons with lower energies and to a decrease in the occupancy of traps at lower excitation densities.
Диэлектрические свойства нанокристаллического оксида вольфрама в области температур 223-293 K
Authors: Козюхин С.А. , Бедин С.А. , Рудаковская П.Г. , Иванова О.С. , Иванов В.К.
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe dielectric properties of nanocrystalline tungsten oxide are studied in the temperature range of 223–293 K and in the frequency range ν = 10^–2–10^6 Hz. Powders of WO_3 with particle sizes of 110, 150, and 200 nm are prepared by the heat treatment of ammonium paratungstate at various temperatures. It is established that the frequency dependences of the conductivity for all samples increase with an increase in frequency, while the polarization characteristics ε'(ν) and ε"(ν) decrease. It is found that the frequency dependences of the conductivity are described by a function of the form ν^ s with an index in the range of (0.83–0.90) ± 0.01, which is characteristic of the “hopping” mechanism of charged-particle motion (complexes) over localized states confined by potential barriers and structural defects.
Исследование механизмов токопрохождения в гетероструктуре CdS/por-Si/p-Si
Authors: Трегулов В.В. , Литвинов В.Г. , Ермачихин А.В.
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe temperature dependence of the forward and reverse portions of the current–voltage characteristic and the photovoltage spectrum of a CdS/ por -Si/ p -Si semiconductor heterostructure are studied. It is found that the current-flow mechanisms are controlled by generation–recombination processes in the spacecharge region of the por -Si/ p -Si heterojunction, carrier tunneling in the por -Si film, and the model of space-charge-limited currents. A simplified version of the energy-band diagram of the heterostructure under study is proposed.
Влияние электрон-фононного взаимодействия на проводимость и работу выхода эпитаксиального графена
Authors: Давыдов С.Ю.
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn the context of the cluster model of epitaxial graphene, the condition for a stepwise change in the charge of carbon atoms under the action of graphene–substrate electron–phonon interaction and an external electric field is derived. Such charge transfer brings about corresponding steps of the static conductivity and work function of epitaxial graphene. Numerical estimates for the case of weak coupling of quasi-free graphene with metal and semiconductor substrates are given.
Исследование глубоких энергетических уровней в солнечном элементе типа HIT
Authors: Вихров С.П. , Вишняков Н.В. , Гудзев В.В. , Ермачихин А.В. , Жилина Д.В. , Литвинов В.Г. , Маслов А.Д. , Мишустин В.Г. , Теруков Е.И. , Титов А.С.
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe results of studying a HIT (heterojunction with an intrinsic thin layer) Ag/ITO/ a -Si:H( p )/ a -Si:H( i )/ c -Si( n )/ a -Si:H( i )/ a -Si:H( n ^+)/ITO/Ag solar cell by the capacitance–voltage characteristic and current deep-level relaxation transient spectroscopy methods are presented. The temperature dependence of the capacitance–voltage characteristics of the HIT structure and deep-energy-level parameters are studied. The results of comprehensive studies by the above methods are used to determine the features of the energy-band diagram of actual HIT structures.
Многообразие свойств приборных структур на основе нитридов элементов III группы, связанное с модификацией фрактально-перколяционной системы
Authors: Емцев В.В. , Гущина Е.В. , Петров В.Н. , Тальнишних Н.А. , Черняков А.Е. , Шабунина Е.И. , Шмидт Н.М. , Усиков А.С. , Карташова А.П. , Зыбин А.А. , Козловский В.В. , Кудояров М.Ф. , Сахаров А.В. , Полоскин Д.С. , Лундин В.В. , Оганесян Г.А.
Published: June 2018

AbstractA fractal-percolation system that includes extended defects and random fluctuations in the alloy composition is formed during the growth of device structures based on Group-III nitrides. It is established that the specific features of this system are determined not only by the growth conditions. It is shown that the diversity of the electrical and optical properties of InGaN/GaN LEDs (light-emitting diodes) emitting at wavelengths of 450–460 and 519–530 nm, as well as that of the electrical properties of AlGaN/GaN HEMT (high-electron-mobility transistor) structures, is due to modification of the properties of the fractal-percolation system both during the growth process and under the action of the injection current and irradiation. The influence exerted by these specific features on the service life of light-emitting devices and on the reliability of AlGaN/GaN HEMT structures is discussed.
Изготовление и исследование изорешеточной гетероструктуры для квантовых каскадных лазеров
Authors: Мамутин В.В. , Васильев А.П. , Лютецкий А.В. , Ильинская Н.Д. , Задиранов Ю.М. , Софронов А.Н. , Фирсов Д.А. , Воробьев Л.Е. , Малеев Н.А. , Устинов В.М.
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe fabrication and study of the characteristics of a lattice-matched quantum cascade laser structure on an indium-phosphide substrate, designed for a wavelength of ~4.8 μm corresponding to one of the atmospheric windows are described. The heterostructure grown by molecular-beam epitaxy consisted of thirty cascades. Lasing was experimentally observed at temperatures up to 200 K at a wavelength coinciding with the calculated one, which confirms the high heterointerface quality and high precision of the layer thicknesses and active-region doping levels.
Концентрические гексагональные структуры GaN для нанофотоники, изготовленные селективной газофазной эпитаксией с использованием ионного травления
Authors: Митрофанов М.И. , Левицкий Я.В. , Вознюк Г.В. , Татаринов Е.Е. , Родин С.Н. , Калитеевский М.А. , Евтихиев В.П.
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn the Si_3N_4 layer, coaxial and single submicrometer GaN structures of hexagonal shape with pyramidal facets are formed by selective vapor-phase epitaxy in windows produced with a focused ion beam. It is found that coaxial hexagonal structures are formed during the growth process in ring-shaped mask windows.
Коэффициенты усиления потока фононов в кристаллах с различным типом анизотропии упругой энергии
Authors: Кулеев И.Г. , Бахарев С.М.
Published: June 2018

AbstractPhonon pulse propagation in cubic crystals with different elastic energy anisotropy types is considered. A closed analytical expression is derived for the phonon flux enhancement factor. The features of its dependences on the isoenergetic surface curvature types are analyzed for all acoustic modes and anisotropy parameter values and signs.
Влияние висмута на структурное совершенство и люминесцентные свойства тонкопленочных упругонапряженных гетероструктур Al-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-In-=SUB=-y-=/SUB=-Ga-=SUB=-1-x-y-=/SUB=-Bi-=SUB=-z-=/SUB=-Sb-=SUB=-1-z-=/SUB=-/GaSb
Authors: Алфимова Д.Л. , Лунина М.Л. , Лунин Л.С. , Пащенко А.С. , Казакова А.Е.
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe effect of bismuth on the structural perfection and the luminescent properties of Al_ x In_ y Ga_1– x – y Bi_ z Sb_1– z /GaSb heterostructures has been studied. The optimal parameters of the process of zone recrystallization with temperature gradient at which epitaxial AlInGaBiSb layers have the minimum roughness and high structural perfection have been revealed: temperature gradient 1 ≤ G ≤ 30 K/cm, the liquid zone thickness 60 ≤ l ≤ 100 μm, the temperature range 773 K ≤ T ≤ 873 K, and bismuth concentration 0.3–0.4 mol fraction.
Моделирование фазовых переходов графитов в алмазоподобные фазы
Authors: Беленков Е.А. , Грешняков В.А.
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe method of the density functional theory is used to study structural transformations between graphites and diamond-like phases. The calculations have been carried out in two approximations: a local density approximation and a generalized gradient approximation. It is found that the phase transitions of hexagonal graphene layers to a cubic diamond and diamond-like phases must occur at uniaxial compressions of ~57–71 GPa, whereas some diamond-like phases can be obtained from tetragonal graphene layers at significantly lower pressures of 32–52 GPa. The X-ray diffraction patterns have been calculated for the phase transition of graphite I 4_1/ amd to tetragonal LA 10 phase that takes place at the minimum pressure that can be used for experimental identification of these compounds.
Высокотемпературная теплоемкость твердых растворов Zn-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-V-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-7-=/SUB=--Cu-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-V-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-7-=/SUB=-
Authors: Денисова Л.Т. , Белоусова Н.В. , Галиахметова Н.А. , Денисов В.М. , Голубева Е.О.
Published: June 2018

AbstractDifferential scanning calorimetry has been used to study the influence of temperature on the heat capacity of synthesized vanadates Zn_2V_2O_7, (Cu_0.56Zn_1.44)V_2O_7, and (Cu_1.0Zn_1.0)V_2O_7. It is found that dependences C _ p = f ( T ) have extremes. The thermodynamic properties of Zn_2V_2O_7 have been determined.
Критический индекс восприимчивости 1D-изинговского ферромагнетика, замкнутого в кольцо
Authors: Дзюба Ж.В. , Удодов В.Н.
Published: June 2018

AbstractUsing the Monte Carlo method, critical behavior of the one-dimensional ferromagnetic Ising model has been investigated with allowance for the interaction of the second and third neighbors and four-particle interaction. The obtained results on the critical temperature were compared with the critical temperature of the quasi-one-dimensional Ising magnetic [(СН_3)_3NH] · FeCl_3 · 2H_2O and with the magnitude of the exchange interaction J/k _B = 17.4 K. Within the scope of the finite-dimensional scaling theory, the critical susceptibility exponent has been calculated. It has been shown that values of the susceptibility exponent for the one-dimensional Ising model with periodic boundary conditions are considerably less than the known values of the exponents for three-dimensional systems. The critical susceptibility exponent strongly depends on energy parameters; namely, it decreases with an increase in them.
Effects of Rashba Spin-Orbit Coupling On the Anisotropic Magneto Resistance in Domain Wall -=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-
Authors: Azizi J.
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe present paper, based on semi-classical Boltzmann equation, aims to investigate the effects of Rashba and Dresselhaus spin orbit interaction and impurities on domain wall anisotropic magneto resistance. It has been shown that the mentioned effects play a remarkable role in anisotropic magneto resistance of electron current in domain walls. It was also concluded that while an increase in Rashba coupling strength can effectively enhance anisotropic magneto resistance of the domain wall, an increase in the wave-vector and exchange interaction leads to their decrease.
Закономерности микродеформации сверхвысокомолекулярного полиэтилена, модифицированного добавками галлуазита
Authors: Шпейзман В.В. , Якушев П.Н. , Егоров В.М. , Васильева С.В. , Смолянский А.С.
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe effect of additives of 1 and 3 wt % of halloysite on the rate and small jumps of deformation under uniaxial compression of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene was investigated. A procedure for precision interference measurement with a resolution of 325 nm for displacement and 1 kHz for frequency enabled the detection of several levels of deformation in the micro- and nanometer ranges. The addition of halloysite results in a decrease in the strain rate under the same loading conditions and a change in the characteristics of the strain jumps. Calorimetric measurements showed that melting of polyethylene with a different concentration of halloysite causes a change in the transition energy and the degree of crystallinity.
Резонансы пространственного распределения дислокаций при взаимодействии со структурным параметром порядка
Authors: Заворотнев Ю.Д. , Захаров А.Ю. , Метлов Л.С.
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe interaction of a structural subsystem with dislocations under the superposition of an elastic torsion strain and an additional uniaxial spatially nonuniform time-constant pressure is studied. The analysis is carried out within of Landau’s phenomenological theory with refusal of the approximation of constant magnitudes of irreducible vectors. The rise of spatial resonances of the dislocation density in these conditions is shown.
Парамагнитные комплексы в кристаллах селенида цинка с примесью железа
Authors: Важенин В.А. , Потапов А.П. , Фокин А.В. , Артёмов М.Ю. , Козловский В.И.
Published: June 2018

AbstractParamagnetic resonance of ZnSe: Fe single crystals was studied at 120 K. Parameters of the spin Hamiltonian were determined for the monoclinic dimer complex Fe^3+–Cu^+ and a second discovered Fe^3+ center, which appears due to association of the iron ion with a K^+ ion in a Zn^2+ position or with a zinc vacancy. Effect of illumination of the zinc selenide samples by blue, green and red light on the paramagnetic resonance spectrum was investigated.
Роль избыточного марганца в формировании структуры и транспортных свойств манганита (Nd-=SUB=-0.67-=/SUB=-Sr-=SUB=-0.33-=/SUB=-)-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-Mn-=SUB=-1+x-=/SUB=-О-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- (x=0; 0.2), спеченного при 1273-1473 K
Authors: Новохацкая А.А. , Акимов Г.Я.
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Nd_0.67Sr_0.33MnO_3 manganite is a material promising for application as a cathode for medium-temperature solid oxide fuel elements. A high electrical conductivity of such a cathode is the parameter determining the efficiency of the operation of a fuel element. In this report, the effect of influence of excess manganese on the structure and the conductivity of manganite ceramics with compositions (Nd_0.67Sr_0.33)_1– x Mn_1 + x O_3± Δ ( x = 0, 0.2) sintered at temperatures 1273–1673 K is presented for the first time. The existence of 20% excess manganese in the initial manganite powder after sintering is shown to lead to that the conductivity of the obtained ceramics in the temperature range 823–1073 K is several times higher than the conductivity of the ceramics without excess manganese.