bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Approaches to and Structures of Diplatinum Polyynediyl Complexes trans,trans‐[(C6F5)(R3P)2Pt(C≡C)nPt(PR3)2(C6F5)] With Odd Numbers of Triple Bonds; Avoiding Complicating Ethynediyl Extrusions
Authors: Dey Baksi Sourajit , Weisbach Nancy , Bhuvanesh Nattamai , Gladysz John A.
Published: August 2024

Reactions of trans‐(C6F5)(p‐tol3P)2Pt(C≡C)nSiEt3 (PtC2nSi; n=5, 7, 9) and excess PtCl in the presence of wet n‐Bu4N+ F− (to effect protodesilylation) under Sonogashira‐type conditions (CuCl, base, other additives) afford the title compounds PtC10Pt, PtC14Pt, and PtC18Pt in 42–32 % yields. A four‐fold substitution of the phosphine ligands in PtC10Pt by PEt3 affords Pt'C10Pt’ (78 %), and a Sonogashira reaction of Pt'C2H and Pt'Cl affords Pt'C2Pt’ (68 %). The analogous reaction with PtC2Si and PtCl is unsuccessful, presumably for steric reasons. The crystal structures of PtC10Pt, PtC14Pt, Pt'C10Pt′, and Pt'C2Pt’ exhibit a number of interesting trends and features. Certain sp chain extension reactions that lead to or employ the precursors PtC10Si, PtC12Si, PtC14Si, and PtC18Si sometimes give byproducts derived from C2 loss, and possible origins are discussed. Related phenomena have been reported by others in the course of synthesizing extended conjugated polyynes.
A user's guide for the International Classification of Cognitive Disorders in Epilepsy
Authors: Hermann Bruce , Busch Robyn M. , Reyes Anny , Arrotta Kayela , Fujikawa Mayu , Ives‐Deliperi Victoria , Dollman Aimee , Shah Urvashi , McDonald Carrie R.
Published: August 2024

To present the background, rationale, details pertaining to use and essential computational steps, synopsis of findings to date, and future directions for the International Classification of Cognitive Disorders in Epilepsy (IC‐CoDE)—an initiative of the ILAE Neuropsychology Task Force. Examined are: (a) the 6 steps leading to the derivation of a cognitive phenotype from neuropsychological test data with an accompanying case example, (b) concise review of all IC‐CoDE research to date, (c) summary of identified correlates of IC‐CoDE outcomes, and (d) future research and clinical directions for the initiative. The IC‐CoDE is computationally uncomplicated with individual or group data and represents a novel approach leading to new insights in the neuropsychology of epilepsy, with applications to diverse datasets internationally informing the reliability and validity of the approach. The IC‐CoDE represents a novel approach to the analysis and interpretation of neuropsychological data in epilepsy that offers to advance a global taxonomy of cognitive disorders in epilepsy facilitating international collaboration and big data science.
Switching carbamazepine to lacosamide improves gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase levels
Authors: Kubota Yuichi , Prado Mario
Published: August 2024

Carbamazepine (CBZ) use has been limited by multiple adverse reactions. Lacosamide (LCM) is a functional amino acid anti‐seizure medication (ASM), approved for focal seizure patients more than 4 years old. It is non‐inferior in terms of efficacy to controlled release CBZ and was proven to have better tolerability. This study examines the effect of abruptly changing CBZ to LCM in epilepsy patients with elevated gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). Consenting adult patients aged 18 years old and above, with controlled focal seizure disorder for more than 2 years, who were consistently taking CBZ and who had elevated GGT were included in this study. Out of 1526 patients screened, only 12 satisfied the inclusion criteria. After abruptly changing CBZ to LCM, the GGT level significantly dropped from a median of 141.5 to 63.5 IU/L (z = 3.06, p = 0.0005). Moreover, there was significantly lower proportion of patients with abnormal GGT levels after the switch in medications was done (100% vs. 66.7%, McNemar χ2 = 8, p = 0.008). Moderate to high levels of GGT in patients with focal epilepsy can be decreased by changing CBZ to LCM. Moreover, abruptly changing CBZ to LCM without cross‐titration may be safe and effective in preventing seizure incidence within a 1‐month period.

Plain Language Summary

Although carbamazepine (CBZ) is the standard drug for focal seizures, its numerous side effects, especially in the liver, limits its use in a lot of patients with epilepsy. Gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT), which is elevated in liver disease of whatever cause including intake of CBZ, is associated with increased mortality. In this study, we found that abruptly changing CBZ to Lacosamide (LCM) can significantly decrease the GGT level in 1 month without apparent increase in seizure recurrence and side effects. Therefore, we conclude that high levels of GGT may be decreased by abruptly changing CBZ to LCM.
Fragments of the past: The intersection of AI, historical imagery, and early childhood creativity
Authors: Berson Ilene R. , Berson Michael J.
Published: August 2024

This paper explores the intersection of early childhood education and AI, with a focus on promoting multimodal play. Drawing from implementation research in preschools, we explore the potential of an AI‐powered painting tool to foster historical imagery, creativity, and self‐expression. The findings demonstrate how technology can be used to democratize access to cultural heritage resources while enabling children's creative play centered on variation, improvisation, and human interaction. The human‐in‐the‐loop approach is crucial in aligning AI integration with early childhood pedagogy, ensuring that technology supports, rather than replaces, teachers' roles in the classroom. The paper highlights the importance of maintaining a human presence in the learning process to create educational experiences that are developmentally appropriate and transformative for young children.
Using clustering of genetic variants in Mendelian randomization to interrogate the causal pathways underlying multimorbidity from a common risk factor
Authors: Liang Xiaoran , Mounier Ninon , Apfel Nicolas , Khalid Sara , Frayling Timothy M. , Bowden Jack
Published: August 2024

Mendelian randomization (MR) is an epidemiological approach that utilizes genetic variants as instrumental variables to estimate the causal effect of an exposure on a health outcome. This paper investigates an MR scenario in which genetic variants aggregate into clusters that identify heterogeneous causal effects. Such variant clusters are likely to emerge if they affect the exposure and outcome via distinct biological pathways. In the multi‐outcome MR framework, where a shared exposure causally impacts several disease outcomes simultaneously, these variant clusters can provide insights into the common disease‐causing mechanisms underpinning the co‐occurrence of multiple long‐term conditions, a phenomenon known as multimorbidity. To identify such variant clusters, we adapt the general method of agglomerative hierarchical clustering to multi‐sample summary‐data MR setup, enabling cluster detection based on variant‐specific ratio estimates. Particularly, we tailor the method for multi‐outcome MR to aid in elucidating the causal pathways through which a common risk factor contributes to multiple morbidities. We show in simulations that our “MR‐AHC” method detects clusters with high accuracy, outperforming the existing methods. We apply the method to investigate the causal effects of high body fat percentage on type 2 diabetes and osteoarthritis, uncovering interconnected cellular processes underlying this multimorbid disease pair.
Design and construction of tunnels and tunnelling: Understanding the importance of geological conditions, landslide susceptibility and risk assessment
Authors: Zhang Wengang , Somerville Ian , Paneiro Gustavo , Nong Xingzhong , Chwala Marcin , Yang Wenyu
Published: August 2024

Tunnel engineering is a complex and multidisciplinary field that requires the integration of geological expertise, advanced modeling techniques, and practical engineering solutions. The research compiled in the Special Issue "Tunnels and Tunneling" makes significant contributions to the field by addressing the diverse geological conditions and intricate challenges inherent in tunnel construction. These insights are crucial for enhancing the safety, efficiency, and sustainability of tunnel projects worldwide. The studies in this Special Issue provide a comprehensive understanding of the various challenges and innovative solutions in tunnel engineering. They offer valuable insights and practical guidelines for designing, constructing, and maintaining safe and stable tunnel structures across different geological settings. In addition, geological challenges in specific regions, such as the Three Gorges Reservoir area, the Hengduan Mountains, and the Tibetan Plateau, require tailored approaches. A key theme in many of the comparative studies is the importance of accurate risk assessment to ensure tunnel safety. In regions prone to geological hazards, landslide susceptibility mapping and risk assessment are critical. Innovative approaches, such as machine learning models, are highlighted for their potential to predict and manage landslide risks effectively.
CutFEM‐based MEG forward modeling improves source separability and sensitivity to quasi‐radial sources: A somatosensory group study
Authors: Erdbrügger Tim , Höltershinken Malte , Radecke Jan‐Ole , Buschermöhle Yvonne , Wallois Fabrice , Pursiainen Sampsa , Gross Joachim , Lencer Rebekka , Engwer Christian , Wolters Carsten
Published: August 2024

Source analysis of magnetoencephalography (MEG) data requires the computation of the magnetic fields induced by current sources in the brain. This so‐called MEG forward problem includes an accurate estimation of the volume conduction effects in the human head. Here, we introduce the Cut finite element method (CutFEM) for the MEG forward problem. CutFEM's meshing process imposes fewer restrictions on tissue anatomy than tetrahedral meshes while being able to mesh curved geometries contrary to hexahedral meshing. To evaluate the new approach, we compare CutFEM with a boundary element method (BEM) that distinguishes three tissue compartments and a 6‐compartment hexahedral FEM in an n = 19 group study of somatosensory evoked fields (SEF). The neural generators of the 20 ms post‐stimulus SEF components (M20) are reconstructed using both an unregularized and a regularized inversion approach. Changing the forward model resulted in reconstruction differences of about 1 centimeter in location and considerable differences in orientation. The tested 6‐compartment FEM approaches significantly increase the goodness of fit to the measured data compared with the 3‐compartment BEM. They also demonstrate higher quasi‐radial contributions for sources below the gyral crowns. Furthermore, CutFEM improves source separability compared with both other approaches. We conclude that head models with 6 compartments rather than 3 and the new CutFEM approach are valuable additions to MEG source reconstruction, in particular for sources that are predominantly radial.
Sarcopenia may predict recurrence in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Colback Angela A. , Arkfeld Daniel V. , Paydar Alireza , Raslan Osama , Cates Daniel J. , Abouyared Marianne
Published: August 2024

Background

Malnutrition is a major consequence of head and neck cancer (HNC), often leading to decreased skeletal muscle mass and impacting survival. The goal of this study is to determine the effect of sarcopenia, as defined by skeletal muscle index (SMI), on survival in patients with HNC.

Methods

This is a retrospective review of patients with HNC treated with surgery and/or radiation at a single tertiary care institute. All had pre‐treatment imaging available for skeletal muscle index (SMI) measurements, and SMI was calculated at the level of the 3rd cervical vertebra. Sarcopenia was defined as an SMI < 41 cm2/m2 in females and as <43 cm2/m2 in underweight or healthy weight males. Sarcopenia was defined as <53 cm2/m2 in overweight or obese males. Chi‐square analysis was performed to compare recurrence and survival rates, and survival analysis was performed via Kaplan–Meir curve.

Results

Hundred and twelve patients with HNC were evaluated, 84 men and 28 women with an average age of 60.9 years. Tumors were primarily located in the oral cavity (24.1%) and oropharynx (42%). The majority (69.6%) underwent surgery. Mean body mass index prior to treatment was 28. Sixty‐nine patients (61.6%) in our cohort had low SMI. Mean follow‐up was 3.9 ± 2.2 years. Recurrence rate was 26% in those with low SMI versus 2% in those without. Patients with low SMI were more likely to have a recurrence (p = 0.02). Overall survival was 72.5% in those with low SMI and 81% in those with normal SMI (p = 0.09).

Conclusions

Defining sarcopenia as a low skeletal muscle index at the third cervical vertebra is clinically relevant. This study demonstrates that low SMI at this level, and thus sarcopenia, was strongly associated with higher rates of recurrence.
Management of laryngeal chondroradionecrosis: A single‐center experience
Authors: Levin Einav G. , Ritter Amit , Bachar Gideon , Mizrachi Aviram , Shoffel‐Havakuk Hagit , Kurman Noga , Popovtzer Aron , Hamzany Yaniv
Published: August 2024

Background

Laryngeal chondroradionecrosis (LCRN) is a rare but severe complication of radiation therapy. The study aimed to review the management of LCRN and evaluate the clinical benefit of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT).

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed all radiation‐induced LCRN patients between 2006 and 2019 at a tertiary medical center. Diagnosis was based on signs and symptoms of Chandler's classification, imaging, and/or histopathology report. The primary outcome was improvement in Chandler's grade after HBOT.

Results

Of 678 irradiated laryngeal cancer patients, 29 (4.3%) were diagnosed with LCRN. The most common primary management was tracheostomy with intravenous steroids and antibiotics (59%). Ten patients received HBOT (34.5%), and six underwent total laryngectomy (21%). In HBOT‐treated patients, Chandler's grade significantly improved from a median of 4 (range 2–4) to 2.5 (range 1–4; p = 0.005).

Conclusions

HBOT may benefit in the management of patients with persistence and unresponsive symptoms of LCRN following radiation therapy for laryngeal SCC.
The relationship between corona disease anxiety and sleep disturbances and suicidal ideation in medical staff: The mediating role of resiliency and cognitive flexibility: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Haddadi Arya , Matinnia Nasrin , Yazdi‐Ravandi Saeid
Published: August 2024

Background and Aims

Medical staff have experienced anxiety, sleep disturbances, and suicide due to the COVID‐19 epidemic. Thus, this study examined the relationship between corona disease anxiety, sleep problems, and suicidal ideation in medical staff and how resiliency and cognitive flexibility mediate it.

Methods

This descriptive‐analytical cross‐sectional study examined medical staff. In 2022, participants were affiliated with Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran educational and treatment centers. Sampling was done at primary COVID‐19 treatment centers. Data was collected using validated instruments. Ethics were observed during data collecting.

Results

Path analysis was employed to test hypotheses. Analysis showed significant positive relationships between Corona disease anxiety and sleep disturbances (p = 0.001, β = 0.438) and suicidal ideation (p = 0.001, β = 0.310). Conversely, negative and significant associations were identified between resiliency and cognitive flexibility with sleep disturbances and suicidal ideation.

Conclusions

The study illustrates how medical staff's psychological health is linked to COVID‐19. High Corona disease anxiety causes sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. Resilience and cognitive flexibility modulated Corona disease anxiety, sleep problems, and suicidal thoughts. The comprehensive study focuses on medical staff mental health issues, suggesting targeted solutions.
Measurement invariance of the Facebook intrusion questionnaire across 25 countries
Authors: Błachnio Agata , Przepiórka Aneta , Gorbaniuk Oleg , Abreu Ana Maria , Bendayan Rebecca , Ben‐Ezra Menachem , Benvenuti Martina , Durak Mithat , Senol‐Durak Emre , Makita Meiko , McNeill Monika , Seidman Gwendolyn , Wu Anise M.S. , Blanca Maria J. , Angeluci Alan , Čuš Babić Nenad , Brkljacic Tihana , Ciobanu Adela Magdalena , Ivanova Ana , Giannakos Michail N. , Gorbaniuk Julia , Holdoš Juraj , Malik Sadia , Mahmoud Ali Bassam , Milanovic Anita , Musil Bojan , Pappas Ilias O. , Popa Camelia , Pantic Igor , Rando Belen , D'Souza Lancy , Wołonciej Mariusz , Vanden Abeele Mariek M. P. , Yafi Eiad , Yu Shu M. , Elphinston Rachel A. , Mazzoni Elvis
Published: August 2024

Facebook is one of the most popular social networking sites. However, Facebook intrusion or addiction is a growing concern as it involves an excessive attachment to Facebook, which disrupts daily functioning. To date, few studies have examined whether cross‐cultural differences in the measurement of Facebook addiction exist. The aim of this study was to investigate the cross‐cultural validity and measurement invariance of the Facebook Intrusion Questionnaire (FIQ), one of the most widely used measures of Facebook addiction, across 25 countries (N = 12,204, 62.3% female; mean age = 25 years). Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses (MGCFA) assessed cross‐cultural validity as well as invariance. Additionally, individual confirmatory factor analyses evaluated the factorial structure and measurement invariance across genders in each country. The FIQ demonstrated partial metric invariance across countries and metric (13 countries), scalar (11 countries) or residual (10 countries) invariance across genders within individual countries. A one‐factor model indicated a good fit in 18 countries. Cronbach's alpha for the entire sample was .85. Our findings suggest that the FIQ may provide an adequate assessment of Facebook addiction that is psychometrically equivalent across cultures. Moreover, the questionnaire seems to be universal and suitable for studying different social media in distinct cultural environments. Consequently, this robust tool can be used to explore behaviours related to specific media that are particularly popular in any given country.
Improving COVID‐19 Detection Through Cooperative Deep‐Learning Pipeline for Lung Semantic Segmentation in Medical Imaging
Authors: Mourdi Youssef , Allioui Hanane , Sadgal Mohamed
Published: August 2024

The global impact of COVID‐19 has resulted in millions of individuals being afflicted, with a staggering mortality toll of over 16 000 over a span of 2 years. The dearth of resources and diagnostic techniques has had an impact on both emerging and wealthy nations. In response to this, researchers from the domains of engineering and medicine are using deep learning methods to create automated algorithms for detecting COVID‐19. This work included the development and comparison of a collaborative deep‐learning model for the identification of COVID‐19 using CT scan images, in comparison to previous deep learning‐based methods. The model underwent an ablation study using publicly accessible COVID‐19 CT imaging datasets, with encouraging outcomes. The suggested model might aid doctors and academics in devising tools to expedite the process of determining the optimal therapeutic approach for health professionals, hence reducing the risk of potential problems.
Rarest of the rare: People's awareness and perceptions about the woolly flying squirrel in Uttarakhand Himalaya, Northern India
Authors: Chetia Hiranmoy , Chatakonda Murali K.
Published: August 2024

The Western woolly flying squirrel (Eupetaurus cinereus) was rediscovered after seven decades of presumed extinction and remains one of the least studied mammalian species. This study was conducted in the Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand, India, and aimed to assess local communities' awareness of the species and their potential role in its conservation. From August 2023 to January 2024, we conducted surveys in four villages, interviewing 65 individuals from Pahadi and Nepali communities. Results revealed limited familiarity with the squirrel, highlighting the need for targeted conservation education. Despite extensive camera trap surveys, conclusive evidence of the species' presence was not found, prompting concerns about its population status in the study area. Our findings show the importance of further research and community engagement for effective conservation. This study emphasises the need to align conservation efforts with community involvement for sustainable outcomes.
Inhibition of transglutaminase 2 inhibits ionizing radiation‐induced cellular senescence in skin keratinocytes in vitro
Authors: Chen Juping , Ma Jiang , Qi Dandan , Wang Yuxuan , Sun Xiaoming , Yang Jinghui , Sun Wentao , Luan Changjiao , Shan Qing , Liu Weili , Ma Xingjie
Published: August 2024

Senescent cells are typically characterized by a stable proliferation arrested in dividing cells accompanied with a senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Skin cellular senescence is the primary cause of skin aging, whereas the lack of identified skin senescence markers limits our understanding of the mechanisms involved in skin aging. Recent studies have revealed that intracellular calcium signaling has emerged as a key player in regulating cellular senescence and aging. However, the implication and roles of calcium signaling in skin keratinocyte senescence remain only partially understood. In this study, we developed a model for skin keratinocyte senescence using ionizing radiation (I/R) stimulation and found that the calcium‐associated gene transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) was significantly induced compared with normal control. Interestingly, inhibition of TGM2 was found to delay skin keratinocyte senescence by suppressing I/R‐promoted intracellular calcium signaling, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA damage, as well as NF‐κB‐mediated SASP secretion. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that inhibition of TGM2 contributes to bypassing I/R‐induced skin keratinocyte senescence and sheds light on novel strategies against skin stresses caused by I/R.
Iron oxide quantum dots‐based fluorescence probe for rapid and selective cytosine sensing
Authors: Sudewi Sri , Ruslin  , Fatimawali  , Zulfajri Muhammad , Chen Hsuan‐Ying , Huang Genin Gary
Published: August 2024

The application of iron oxide quantum dots (IOQDs) in this study led to the development of a straightforward, easy, and selective approach for cytosine sensing. To examine the capability of IOQDs in detecting nucleobases, attempts have been made to gain insight into the characteristics of IOQDs, including UV/Vis spectroscopic analysis, infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and powder‐XRD. We introduced IOQDs with a mean particle size distribution of 5.71 ± 0.08 nm for detecting cytosine by harnessing a turn‐on fluorescence phenomenon. The fostering fluorescence response of IOQDs was triggered in the presence of cytosine. In comparison, the presence of other nucleobases did not further induce the fluorescence signal of IOQDs. It was concluded that the hydrogen bonding bridging the carboxylate and hydroxyl groups on the surface of QDs with the amine groups of cytosine results in the elevation of IOQDs fluorescence.
Phase 1 Safety and Pharmacokinetics Study of TAVO101, an Anti‐Human Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Antibody for the Treatment of Allergic Inflammatory Conditions
Authors: Han Chao , Fung Isa , Zhang Di , Jin Ying , Chen Peng , Tam Susan , Chiu Mark L. , Fung Man‐Cheong
Published: August 2024

TAVO101 is a humanized anti‐human thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) monoclonal antibody under clinical development for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) and other allergic inflammatory conditions. The crystallizable fragment region of the antibody was engineered for half‐life extension and attenuated effector functions. This Phase 1, double‐blinded, randomized, placebo‐controlled study assessed the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity of TAVO101 in healthy adult subjects in seven ascending dose cohorts. Subjects received a single intravenous administration of TAVO101 or placebo with a 195‐day follow‐up. TAVO101 was safe and well tolerated. The incidences and severities of treatment‐emergent adverse events were mostly mild and comparable between the active and placebo groups, with no trends of dose relationship. There were no severe adverse events, deaths, or treatment‐related withdrawals. TAVO101 exhibited a linear pharmacokinetic profile, low clearance, and a median elimination half‐life of 67 days in healthy subjects. All TAVO101‐treated subjects tested negative for anti‐drug antibodies. To support development in AD, TAVO101 was studied in an oxazolone‐induced AD model in hTSLP transgenic mice and demonstrated efficacy. This long‐acting anti‐TSLP antibody has the potential for stronger and sustained allergic inflammatory disease control. The results from this study warranted further clinical development of TAVO101 in patients.
Curriculum Indigenization in oral health professions’ education worldwide: A scoping review
Authors: Shokouhi Parisa , Bakhshaei Anahita , Brondani Mario
Published: August 2024

Objective

To explore the literature on Indigenous content within the oral health professions’ education curricula.

Methods

This scoping review included all types of literature on oral health care educational programs on Indigenous content, following the JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute) methodology. An initial search using “Indigenous,” “education,” and “oral health” as keywords informed a full search strategy for MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, ERIC, EPPI, MedEdPORTAL, Google Scholar, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, Australian Government Department of Health, and Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet. The search included literature available until November 1, 2023, irrespective of language. Two reviewers independently screened the studies, and data were extracted and presented in tabular and narrative summary formats.

Results

A total of 948 records were identified, and 101 studies were chosen for full‐text review. Twenty‐three studies met the criteria for data extraction. Of all studies, 95.6% were published between 2007 and 2021, mostly from Australia and New Zealand. The most frequently covered content included Indigenous culture, followed by history, Indigenous oral health, and Indigenous Peoples’ health. Rural and clinical placements were the most employed delivery methods, and evaluation surveys were the most employed assessment technique. Barriers to delivering an Indigenous curriculum included students’ disinterest and limited interaction with Indigenous communities, while facilitators included cultural immersion and supportive mentorship.

Conclusion

Despite progress in integrating Indigenous content into oral health education, challenges persist. Prioritizing Indigenous perspectives, community partnerships, and standardized assessment tools is needed. Future research should focus on long‐term impacts and best practices for Indigenous curriculum development and delivery.
Effects of instructed visual imagining on emergent conditional discriminations
Authors: McGee Reagan E. , Roberts Camille R. , Petursdottir Anna Ingeborg
Published: August 2024

Visual imagining has been proposed to play a role in the emergence of derived stimulus relations. We examined whether test‐relevant visual imagining during baseline training would, accordingly, facilitate emergent visual–visual conditional discriminations at test. Adult participants (n = 75) were randomly assigned to three groups. Baseline tact training established conditional discriminations among sets of image samples and textual comparisons (AC/BD), and baseline intraverbal training established conditional discriminations among pairs of textual stimuli (CD). Two groups received tact before intraverbal training, and one group received the reverse sequence. During intraverbal training, one of the former groups was instructed to visualize the images that went with the textual stimuli. These instructions did not affect participants' retrospective self‐reports of test‐relevant visual imagining during training. Nevertheless, they produced a large effect on correct responding in an image‐matching test (AB/BA) that followed intraverbal training. This effect was independent of baseline retention.
Antithrombotic and anticariogenic activity of peptide fractions from cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) protein hydrolysates
Authors: Gerónimo‐Alonso Maribel , Ortíz‐Vázquez Elizabeth , Rodríguez‐Canto Wilbert , Chel‐Guerrero Luis , Betancur‐Ancona David
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Protein‐derived peptide fractions can play a key role in the physiological and metabolic regulation and modulation of the body, which suggests that they could be used as functional ingredients to improve health and to reduce the risk of disease. This work aimed to evaluate the in vitro antithrombotic and anticariogenic bioactivity of hydrolysates and protein fractions obtained from cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) by biocatalysis.

RESULTS

Cowpea protein concentrate was hydrolyzed by sequential action with two enzyme systems, Pepsin‐Pancreatin or Alcalase‐Flavourzyme. There was extensive enzymatic hydrolysis, with degrees of hydrolysis of 34.94% and 81.43% for Pepsin‐Pancreatin and Alcalase‐Flavourzyme, respectively. The degree of hydrolysis for the control treatments, without the addition of the enzymes Pepsin‐Pancreatin and Alcalase‐Flavourzyme was 1.1% and 1.2%, respectively. The hydrolysates were subjected to fractionation by ultrafiltration, with five cut‐off points according to molecular weight (<1, 1–3, 3–5, 5–10 and >10 kDa). The Alcalase‐Flavourzyme hydrolysate led to 100% inhibition of platelet aggregation, while the Pepsin‐Pancreatin hydrolysate showed 77.41% inhibition, but this was approximately 100% in the ultrafiltered fractions. The highest anticariogenic activity was obtained with the Pepsin‐Pancreatin system, with 61.55% and 56.07% for calcium and phosphorus demineralization, respectively.

CONCLUSION

Hydrolysates and their peptide fractions from Vigna unguiculata exhibited inhibition of platelet aggregation and protection of tooth enamel and have the potential for use in the development of functional products with beneficial health effects. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Analysing referral patterns from a primary dermatological clinic to other medical institutions for further care: A survey on patients with certain skin diseases in Japan
Authors: Ueo Daisuke , Sakai Takashi , Ochiai Erika , Sese Jun , Hatano Yutaka
Published: August 2024

Background

Various skin diseases exist; some require specialist treatment. Consequently, patients with these conditions are often referred from primary dermatological clinics to other medical institutions for further secondary or tertiary care. However, it has yet to be fully evaluated at primary dermatological clinics which skin conditions necessitate such referrals.

Objectives

This study aims to identify skin conditions that often require further care when treated at a primary dermatological clinic.

Methods

This study enroled 14,306 patients who had visited the Ueo Dermatology Clinic (a primary dermatological clinic in Saiki City, Oita prefecture, Japan) from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2022. The following clinical information was examined: the primary disease, age, sex, whether referrals (general or emergency) were made after the clinic visit or not, and the reasons for the referrals.

Results

'Eczema and dermatitis' was the most frequent category in the clinic, although the referral rates for this category were not exceptionally high compared to other categories. A large number of emergency referrals was observed for 'Viral infections (herpes zoster),' 'Drug‐induced skin reactions,' and 'Bacterial infections (cellulitis)'; a large number of general referrals was observed for 'Malignant skin tumours and melanomas' and 'Benign skin tumours.' Although low numbers, the rates for general and emergency referrals were high in the categories of 'Blistering Diseases,' 'Connective Tissue Diseases,' and 'Vasculitis, Purpura, and Other Vascular Diseases.' In an analysis of the reasons for the referrals, the following reasons ranked highest: requirement for high‐level medical treatment, surgical operation, or hospitalisation, and consultation with doctors in departments other than dermatology.

Conclusions

This study identified several skin conditions often requiring additional care when treated at a primary dermatological clinic. Based on these findings, seamless cooperation between primary clinics and specialised medical institutions is anticipated.
Parasite transmission stage abundance varies in lakes over time and space
Authors: Davenport Elizabeth S. , Dziuba Marcin K. , Jacobson Logan E. , Calhoun Siobhan K. , Monell Kira J. , Duffy Meghan A.
Published: August 2024

Environmentally transmitted parasites produce transmission stages that can remain viable and infective for extended periods of time in the environment where susceptible hosts may encounter them. Although many parasites have this mode of transmission, the abundance and distribution of environmental transmission stages have largely been overlooked, especially in aquatic habitats. Without empirical data to characterize spatial and temporal dynamics of parasite transmission stages in the environment, we might make incorrect assumptions about host–parasite contact rates. For aquatic environments, seasonal habitat structure driven by thermal stratification has been hypothesized to affect the patchiness of transmission stages within the water column, leading to uneven exposure risk to hosts. In this study, we quantified transmission stage concentrations of five common parasites of Daphnia spp. and Ceriodaphnia dubia at every meter of the water column at the deep basin of six lakes in southeastern Michigan every 2 weeks from June to November 2021. We found that transmission stage concentration varied by orders of magnitude over time and with depth. We investigated several possible drivers of these spatial and temporal patterns. For instance, our results suggest that greater mixing depth decreased transmission stage vertical patchiness within the water column of lakes with lower Fee's p values. However, horizontal spore patchiness across a lake was not correlated with the nearshore–offshore gradient of our study lakes. Overall, the results of our study show that parasite transmission stage concentrations have spatial and temporal dynamics that could affect disease dynamics within highly structured aquatic environments.
Single Quantum Emitters with Arbitrarily Polarized Dipole Moments Under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Xia Juan , Tang Jianwei , Lu Qiaoyin , Guo Weihua
Published: August 2024

The ability to control the spin of dipole moments of single quantum emitters is crucial for spin‐based quantum technologies. However, realizing circularly polarized (CP) dipole moments under ambient conditions has remained an outstanding challenge. Here, this work proposes an optical interface capable of converting a single quantum emitter into a deep‐subwavelength super‐emitter with an arbitrarily polarized dipole moment, including the long‐sought CP dipole. It is accomplished by coupling the emitter to dual dipolar modes of a plasmonic nanoantenna with precisely controlled amplitudes and phases, resulting in a coherent superposition of the modes that generates the desired dipole polarization. Meanwhile, the dipole moment amplitude is enhanced by over an order of magnitude. The CP super‐emitter behaves analogously to an ideal CP point dipole emitter, exhibiting characteristic spiraling field pattern and spin‐directional coupling to waveguide modes due to spin‐orbit locking. The results overcome a long‐standing challenge in constructing spin‐controlled quantum emitters under ambient conditions, opening new possibilities for tailoring light–matter interactions and designing novel quantum optical devices.
Synthesis process, thermal and electrical behaviors of Ti3C2Tx MXene
Authors: Demirelli K. , Çelik A. , Aksoy Y. , Yegin M. , Barım E. , Hanay Ö. , Hasar H.
Published: August 2024

Synthesis of two‐dimensional (2D) titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx), with the name of MXene, by etching Ti3AlC2 (MAX) for different times 20 (v/v) % hydrofluoric acid (HF) at 40 °C was carried out. The influences of time, temperature and source of MAX on the synthesis of MXene were researched. The MXenes produced were characterized by fourier‐transform ınfrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy technique, energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x‐ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetry (TG) instruments. Above 390 °C, MXene layers were considerably oxidizing and forming anatase and rutile phases of TiO2 under air atmosphere. The resistance of MAX and MXene was 3.6 Ω and 116 Ω, respectively. However, the resistance of the residual part of MXene heated to 620 °C considerably increased to 17850 Ω. This behavior is another important piece of evidence showing that the MXene crystal structure has changed significantly and transformed into a new chemical structure containing anatase and rutil titanium oxide (TiO2). The dielectric loss (ϵ’’) and alternating conductivity (δac) of the MAX and MXenes were determined from their impedance measurements. The ϵ’’ and δac values of MXene were compared with those of MAX. Direct curent conductivities of MAX and MXene produced for 24 h were found to be 0.016 S/cm and 0.0023 S/cm, respectively.
Determination of performance characteristics of spacer fabric vehicle covers
Authors: Çetin Y. K. , Demirsoy M. , Yeşilpınar M. S. , Karasu H. F.
Published: August 2024

Hailstorms today have the potential to damage almost every object in their path. Efforts are been made to prevent hailstorms, which can be quite severe. However, a completely successful result has not been achieved. Automobiles are the ones most damaged by hailstorms. In order to protect automobiles from this damage, various protective fabrics have been studied on and patents have been obtained. Spacer fabrics are one of the materials that have the potential to be used as protectors. In this study, an experimental device that can test the performance of spacer fabrics against hail and simulate hail damage has been designed and manufactured. At the same time, suggestions for the preparation of artificial hail grains that can be used in different studies are presented. With 25 mm and 30 mm diameter artificial hail grains, experiments were carried out on spacer fabrics of different thicknesses with the same weave structure. The same diameters of artificial hail grains were also tested without covering and the amount of damage in all experiments was measured. As a result, it was compared which fabric provided how much protection against artificial hailstones of different diameters.
The impact of ESG on the cost efficiency of commercial banks—Evidence from Western European commercial banks
Authors: Liang Lien‐Wen , Lin Tsui‐Jung , Chung Meng‐Yun
Published: August 2024

This study examines the impact of Environmental (E), Social (S), and Governance (G) activities on the cost efficiency of commercial banks in Western Europe in 2010–2020. The stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) method was employed to investigate the impact of E, S, G, and bank characteristic variables on cost efficiency. The findings reveal that commercial banks can improve their cost efficiency by conducting E, S, and G activities. Banks that implemented these practices tended to have relatively better cost efficiency than those that did not. Overall, the results of this study are consistent with the stakeholder hypothesis and present the first evidence of the interplay between cost efficiency and ESG activities in the banking industry in Western Europe.
A variable‐step high‐order scheme for time‐fractional advection‐diffusion equation with mixed derivatives
Authors: Feng Junhong , Lyu Pin , Vong Seakweng
Published: August 2024

We consider a high accuracy numerical scheme for solving the two‐dimensional time‐fractional advection‐diffusion equation including mixed derivatives, where the variable‐step Alikhanov formula and a fourth‐order compact approximation are employed to time and space derivatives, respectively. Under mild assumptions on the time step‐sizes, we obtain the unconditional stability and high‐order convergence (second‐order in time and fourth‐order in space) of the proposed scheme by energy method. The theoretical statements are justified by the numerical experiments.
Designing a sonicating static mixer for the production of Thermoplastic Vulcanisate by devulcanization of waste rubber
Authors: Ghasemzadeh Alireza , Haghaniazar Alireza , Famili Navid M.
Published: August 2024

The continuous ultrasonic process was utilized to devulcanize waste rubber/PE (Polyethylene) blends at varying waste rubber concentrations (5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%). The ultrasonic horn was designed as a static mixer, ensuring the distribution of ultrasonic waves in both parallel and cross‐flow directions. This helped devulcanize the blend uniformly. Both the ultrasonically treated blends and their untreated counterparts were tested for comparative analysis. Results demonstrated that at lower waste rubber concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 20% the ultrasonic treatment effectively helped in dispersing the waste rubber within the matrix. However, with higher concentrations of waste rubber 30% and 40%, the ultrasonically treated samples exhibited signs of uncuring, as evident in their thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties.
Storytelling to support legacy making for bereaved parents of children with cancer
Authors: Paul Trisha K. , Daniels Sarah , Love Amy , Hart Katherine , Kaye Erica C.
Published: August 2024

Honoring a child's legacy is an essential aspect of meaning‐making for bereaved parents, yet little is known about storytelling as a mechanism. Through narrative analysis of 19 bereaved parent interviews focused on legacy, we examined the role of storytelling in creating and sustaining legacy. Most participants (89%) told stories centered around the child's impact and parent's coping, including the child's character and interpersonal relationships during and after their lifetime as well as how the child's legacy influenced parents’ grief experiences. Future research is needed to explore the potential impact of storytelling initiatives to support legacy‐making for bereaved caregivers.
Unveiling the impact of percolation phenomenon on the microstructure of polymer nanocomposites based on the combination of scaling and percolation theories
Authors: Ader Fiona , Sharifzadeh Esmail , Azimi Neda
Published: August 2024

In this study, a model was proposed to interpret the tensile strength of the nanocomposite systems based on the percolation and scaling theories. Using the Excluded Volumes method made it possible to characterize the reaction mechanism of the system by discretizing all sections of the system in the best way possible. Accordingly, the system was divided into two sections A and B, consisting of either fully dispersed, aggregated, or agglomerated nanoparticles using a percolation parameter (F). The stress concentration factor was introduced to the model based on the available surface area determining the share of each section in affecting the tensile strength of the system. A validation procedure was performed to verify the obtained results using the experimental results of our recent work for a High‐density polyethylene nanocomposite system containing 0.5, 0.75, and 2 wt% of the surface‐modified silica nanoparticles. The investigations indicate the capability of the proposed model to interpret the physical/mechanical characteristics of the nanocomposite systems. It was found that despite the negative impact of the agglomeration on the tensile strength of the system, the aggregation phenomenon enhanced the tensile strength due to the formation of strong networks in its structure.

Highlights

Interpreting the tensile strength of nanocomposites via excluded volume theory.

Dividing the impacts of dispersed and clustered nanoparticles.

Discretizing the effects of aggregation and agglomeration on final properties.
The formation mechanism of gradient properties and the regulation mechanism of elastic properties in three‐dimensional tubular braided composites
Authors: Huang Zhaohua , Ma Wensuo , Xu Wentao , Mao Feng , Chen Chong , Zhao Junnan , Xu Yonghao
Published: August 2024

Three‐dimensional tubular braided composites (3DTBCs) have mitigated delamination issues typical of laminated composites, gaining wide industrial application. However, their intricate internal fiber architecture, influenced by processing techniques, leads to continuous property variations, resulting in localized stress concentrations that can cause premature component failure and significantly impact performance. This paper introduces a field theory‐based quantitative analysis method for property gradients and investigates their formation mechanism. Additionally, it explores the effects of braiding parameters on property gradients. The described analysis method enables the prediction of gradient structures and associated strength distributions, offering potential pathways for maximizing the strength of 3DTBC.

Highlights

The mesostructure and mechanical properties of three‐dimensional braided tubular composites inherently exhibit unavoidable gradient distributions.

The performance gradient can be quantitatively described using field theory‐based analytical methods.

The motion trajectory of the yarn carrier is the primary cause of the property gradient.

The property gradient can be controlled by adjusting the braiding process parameters.
Prenatal exome sequencing, a powerful tool for improving the description of prenatal features associated with genetic disorders
Authors: Thauvin‐Robinet Christel , Garde Aurore , Delanne Julian , Racine Caroline , Rousseau Thierry , Simon Emmanuel , François Michel , Moutton Sebastien , Sylvie Odent , Quelin Chloe , Morel Godelieve , Goldenberg Alice , Guerrot Anne‐Marie , Vera Gabriella , Gruchy Nicolas , Colson Cindy , Boute Odile , Abel Carine , Putoux Audrey , Amiel Jeanne , Guichet Agnes , Isidor Bertrand , Deiller Caroline , Wells Constance , Rooryck Caroline , Legendre Marine , Francannet Christine , Dard Rodolphe , Sigaudy Sabine , Bruel Ange‐Line , Safraou Hana , Denommé‐Pichon Anne‐Sophie , Nambot Sophie , Asensio Marie‐Laure Humbert , Binquet Christine , Duffourd Yannis , Vitobello Antonio , Philippe Christophe , Faivre Laurence , Tran‐Mau‐Them Frédéric , Bourgon Nicolas
Published: August 2024

Objective

Prenatal exome sequencing (pES) is now commonly used in clinical practice. It can be used to identifiy an additional diagnosis in around 30% of fetuses with structural defects and normal chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). However, interpretation remains challenging due to the limited prenatal data for genetic disorders.

Method

We conducted an ancillary study including fetuses with pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants identified by trio‐pES from the “AnDDI‐Prenatome” study. The prenatal phenotype of each patient was categorized as typical, uncommon, or unreported based on the comparison of the prenatal findings with documented findings in the literature and public phenotype‐genotype databases (ClinVar, HGMD, OMIM, and Decipher).

Results

Prenatal phenotypes were typical for 38/56 fetuses (67.9%). For the others, genotype‐phenotype associations were challenging due to uncommon prenatal features (absence of recurrent hallmark, rare, or unreported). We report the first prenatal features associated with LINS1 and PGM1 variants. In addition, a double diagnosis was identified in three fetuses.

Conclusion

Standardizing the description of prenatal features, implementing longitudinal prenatal follow‐up, and large‐scale collection of prenatal features are essential steps to improving pES data interpretation.