bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tailoring Oxygen Reduction Reaction Kinetics on Perovskite Oxides via Oxygen Vacancies for Low‐Temperature and Knittable Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Huang Hongjiao , Huang Aoming , Liu Di , Han Wentao , Kuo Chun‐Han , Chen Han‐Yi , Li Linlin , Pan Hui , Peng Shengjie
Published: May 2023

High kinetics oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts under low temperature are critical and highly desired for temperature‐tolerant energy conversion and storage devices, but remain insufficiently investigated. Herein, oxygen vacancy‐rich porous perovskite oxide (CaMnO3) nanofibers coated with reduced graphene oxide coating (V‐CMO/rGO) are developed as the air electrode catalyst for low‐temperature and knittable Zn–air batteries. V‐CMO/rGO exhibits top‐level ORR activity among perovskite oxides and shows impressive kinetics under low temperature. Experimental and theoretical calculation results reveal that the synergistic effect between metal atoms and oxygen vacancies, as well as the accelerated kinetics and enhanced electric conductivity and mass transfer over the rGO coated nanofiber 3D network contribute to the enhanced catalytic activity. The desorption of ORR intermediate is promoted by the regulated electron filling. The V‐CMO/rGO drives knittable and flexible Zn–air batteries under a low temperature of −40 °C with high peak power density of 56 mW cm−2 and long cycle life of over 80 h. This study provides insight of kinetically active catalyst and facilitates the ZABs application in harsh environment.
Record Stability for Fully Passive Perovskite‐Based X‐Ray Detectors Through the Use of Starch as Templating Agent
Authors: Verdi Matteo , Giuri Antonella , Ciavatti Andrea , Rizzo Aurora , Esposito Corcione Carola , Basiricò Laura , Colella Silvia , Fraboni Beatrice
Published: May 2023

High sensitivity and efficient X‐ray detectors are needed to promote and boost their application as tools in medical diagnostics and radiotherapy. Lead halide perovskites have emerged recently as a novel class of material for efficient X‐ray detection. Although 3D perovskites possess very interesting optoelectronic properties they suffer from low environmental and operational stability. Here a strategy based on using starch as a polymeric template for the fabrication of stable thin film perovskite X‐ray detectors is reported. The proposed p‐i‐n photodiodes can operate with no external bias applied (fully passive devices), reaching a top sensitivity of 5.5 ± 0.2 µC Gy−1 s−1. The device degradation is monitored for samples stored in air for a time window of 630 days, demonstrating exceptional stability: 97% of the initial sensitivity is retained for the best perovskite‐starch composite formulation making it the most stable unencapsulated perovskite X‐ray detector reported so far.
Endothelial Cell Selectivity to Nanoparticles Depends on Mechanical Phenotype
Authors: Fattahi Pouria , Yeh Yin‐Ting , Zhao Tiankai , Younesi Mousa , Huang Changjin , Terrones Mauricio , Zheng Siyang , Brown Justin L. , Huh Dan Dongeun , Zhang Sulin , Butler Peter J.
Published: May 2023

Endothelial cells (ECs) elongate in the direction of blood flow, are stiffer, and are considered atheroprotective in areas of the vasculature where flow‐induced shear stress is high and unidirectional and are softer, atherogenic, and polygonal in areas experiencing oscillatory multidirectional flow. To understand the precise roles of EC mechanics and morphology in the uptake of therapeutic nanoparticles (NPs) by atherogenic endothelium, human aortic ECs are induced to adopt prescribed shapes and areas imposed by microcontact patterned adhesive islands. NP uptake per cell increases with increasing spreading area and decreases with increasing cell aspect ratio at constant cell spreading area. Biomechanical analysis shows that elongated cells exhibit higher cellular stress and stiffer membranes than cells with low aspect ratios, indicating a strong correlation between morphology, mechanical phenotype, and NP uptake. Further, ECs elongated by high laminar shear endocytosed NPs to a far lesser extent than those that are nonelongated in the chaotic, lower shear areas when cocultured in the same chamber. Results indicate that conditions leading to atherogenesis, such as low, chaotic shear‐induction of EC polygonal morphology may be used to increase the uptake of therapeutic NPs as a preventative measure against atherosclerosis.
Tunable Magnetic and Optical Anisotropy in ZrO2‐Co Vertically Aligned Nanocomposites
Authors: Zhang Yizhi , Song Jiawei , Lu Ping , Deitz Julia , Zhang Di , Dou Hongyi , Shen Jianan , Hu Zedong , Zhang Xinghang , Wang Haiyan
Published: May 2023

Metamaterials have gained great research interest in recent years owing to their potential for property tunability, multifunctionality, and property coupling. As a new group of self‐assembled thin films, vertically aligned nanocomposite (VAN)‐based hybrid metamaterials have been demonstrated with significant anisotropic physical properties and a broad range of property tailorability, such as optical anisotropy, magnetic anisotropy, hyperbolic dispersion, and enhanced second harmonic generation properties. Herein, self‐assembled ZrO2‐Co nanocomposite films, with high epitaxial quality and ultra‐fine vertically aligned Co nanopillars (with an average diameter of ≈2 nm) embedded in a ZrO2 matrix, are fabricated using a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method. The Co pillar density can be effectively tuned by varying the Co concentration in the target, which results in tunable optical properties and magnetic properties. Specifically, a high saturation magnetization of 100 emu cm−3, strong out‐of‐plane magnetic anisotropy and tailorable magnetization properties are achieved via tuning the Co nanopillar density. Coupled with hyperbolic dispersion of dielectric constant from 950 to 1500 nm in wavelength, plasmonic Co metal nanopillars, and the unique dielectric ZrO2 matrix, this new nanoscale hybrid metamaterial shows great potential for future integrated optical and magnetic device designs.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Boron‐Doped Al2O3 Dielectric Films
Authors: Li Xinzhi , Vehkamäki Marko , Chundak Mykhailo , Mizohata Kenichiro , Vihervaara Anton , Leskelä Markku , Putkonen Matti , Ritala Mikko
Published: May 2023

This paper presents preparation of boron‐doped Al2O3 thin films by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using phenylboronic acid (PBA) and trimethylaluminum (TMA) as precursors. Deposition temperatures of 160–300 °C are studied, giving a maximum growth per cycle (GPC) of 0.77 Å at 200 °C. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are used to study the surface morphology and roughness of the films. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR), Time‐of‐flight elastic recoil detection analysis (ToF‐ERDA), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are used to study the composition of the films. An annealing process is carried out at 450 °C for 1 h to investigate its effect on the elemental composition and electrical properties of the boron‐doped Al2O3 thin films. The boron‐doped Al2O3 70 nm thick film deposited at 200 °C has a boron content of 3.7 at.% with low leakage current density (10−9 to 10−6 A cm−2) when the film thickness is 70 nm. The dielectric constant of this boron doped Al2O3 film is 5.18.
High‐Performance Thin‐Film VCSELs Integrated with a Copper‐Plated Heatsink
Authors: Moon Sunghyun , Yun Yeojun , Kwon Ohdo , Nam Yonghyun , Kim Donghwan , Choi Won‐jin , Kim Sangin , Lee Jaejin
Published: May 2023

High‐performance continuous‐wave (CW) vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting lasers (VCSELs) rely on efficient thermal management for which top‐emitting 930 nm thin‐film VCSELs are integrated with a copper‐plated heatsink by using a double‐transfer technique, exhibiting the low‐power consumption, high‐power, and temperature‐stable VCSEL operation. In this study, the top‐emitting 930 nm thin‐film VCSEL structures, including the highly n‐doped GaAs ohmic and lattice‐matched InGaP etch‐stop layers, are epitaxially grown via a low‐pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (LP‐MOCVD) system. The electrical and optical properties of the substrate‐removal thin‐film VCSELs are investigated under CW operation, compared to those of the bulk‐type VCSELs onto the n‐GaAs substrates. The differential series resistance (85.92 Ω) of the thin‐film VCSEL is 9.16% lower than 94.59 Ω of the bulk‐type VCSEL onto the n‐GaAs substrates. The thermal resistance (607 K W−1) of the thin‐film VCSEL is 46.33% lower than 1131 K W−1of the bulk‐type VCSEL, by which the maximum peak power (11.70 mW) of the thin‐film VCSEL at 24 mA is 12.07% higher than 10.44 mW of the bulk‐type VCSEL at 22.40 mA under room temperature (25 °C).
Ceramic Open Cell Foams Featuring Plasmonic Hybrid Metal Nanoparticles for In Situ SERS Monitoring of Catalytic Reactions
Authors: Guo Tongwei , Murshed M. Mangir , Rezwan Kurosch , Maas Michael
Published: May 2023

This work presents porous zirconia‐toughened alumina ceramics functionalized with Au@Pd/Au@Pt core–shell nanoparticle (NP) for in situ monitoring of catalytic reactions via surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) which is augmented by the open cell foam structure of the ceramic support. In this respect, the porous ceramic enables efficient light trapping and propagation onto the coated surface, which provides good accessibility of the catalyst, while the core–shell particles are equipped with a catalytically active shell and a plasmonic core which enables SERS sensing. The metallic hybrid core–shell NPs are synthesized by the Au‐seed mediated method and colloidally deposited onto the open porous ceramic matrix prepared via the polymer replica method. The Au@Pt NP functionalized porous ceramic show a Raman enhancement factor up to 106, which is significantly higher than that of non‐porous samples. In situ reaction monitoring via SERS is demonstrated by the Pt‐catalyzed reduction of 4‐nitrothiophenol to 4‐aminothiophenol, showing high specificity for analysis of reactants and products. This multifunctional material concept featuring ceramics‐augmented SERS and catalytic activity could be extended beyond real‐time, sensitive reaction monitoring toward high temperature reactions, photothermal catalysis, bioprocessing and ‐sensing, green energy conversion, and related applications.
Development of an Antimicrobial Peptide SAAP‐148‐Functionalized Supramolecular Coating on Titanium to Prevent Biomaterial‐Associated Infections
Authors: Schmitz Moniek G. J. , Riool Martijn , de Boer Leonie , Vrehen Annika F. , Bartels Paul A. A. , Zaat Sebastian A. J. , Dankers Patricia Y. W.
Published: May 2023

Titanium implants are widely used in medicine but have a risk of biomaterial‐associated infection (BAI), of which traditional antibiotic‐based treatment is affected by resistance. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are used to successfully kill antibiotic‐resistant bacteria. Herein, a supramolecular coating for titanium implants is developed which presents the synthetic antimicrobial and antibiofilm peptide SAAP‐148 via supramolecular interactions using ureido‐pyrimidinone supramolecular units (UPy‐SAAP‐148GG). Material characterization of dropcast coatings shows the presence of UPy‐SAAP‐148GG at the surface. The supramolecular immobilized peptide remains antimicrobially active in dropcast polymer films and can successfully kill (antibiotic‐resistant) Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Escherichia coli. Minor toxicity for human dermal fibroblasts is observed, with a reduced cell attachment after 24 h. Subsequently, a dipcoat coating on titanium implants is developed and tested in vivo in a subcutaneous implant infection mouse model with S. aureus administered locally on the implant before implantation to mimic contamination during surgery. The supramolecular coating containing 5 mol% of UPy‐SAAP‐148GG significantly prevents colonization of the implant surface as well as of the surrounding tissue, with no signs of toxicity. This shows that supramolecular AMP coatings on titanium are eminently suitable to prevent BAI.
Optically Transparent Metasurface with High RF Transmittance and Wide‐Angle Stability for Dual Bands and Dual Polarizations
Authors: Jiang Rui Zhe , Wu Jun Wei , Ma Qian , Liang Jing Cheng , Wu Li Jie , Zhou Qun Yan , Dai Jun Yan , Cheng Qiang , Cui Tie Jun
Published: May 2023

Glass windows are an important part of indoor‐to‐outdoor wireless communication channels, but the transmission loss of the normal glass limits the quality of the radio frequency (RF) signals, especially for the transverse‐electric (TE) polarized waves incident at large angles due to the impendence mismatch. Although some design methods for wide‐angle high RF transmission (WHRT) have been proposed recently, they can only work in a single frequency band. Here, an optically transparent metasurface is presented to realize high RF transmissions for dual polarizations in dual bands (2.2–3.2 and 4.4–5.2 GHz) and wide incidence angles (0–80°). The central frequencies of the two bands can be tuned independently by changing the structural parameters. A theory based on the transmission line (TL) model is proposed to explain the mechanism of the design, and a prototype is fabricated by using flexible printed circuit technology. The measured results of the prototype have good agreement with numerical calculations and full‐wave simulations. The design is expected to be beneficial to improve the quality of wireless signals in 5G systems.
Topologically Enabled On‐Chip THz Taper‐Free Waveguides
Authors: Li Wenhao , Chen Qiaolu , Sun Yiwen , Han Song , Liu Xudong , Mei Zhijie , Xu Xuejiao , Fan Shuting , Qian Zhengfang , Chen Hongsheng , Yang Yihao
Published: May 2023

Waveguide tapers are seemingly indispensable elements in silicon photonics that usually operate adiabatically to maximize the coupling efficiency between waveguides with different cross‐sections, which, however, necessitate large footprints. To date, great efforts have been made to minimize the tapers’ footprints while maintaining their efficiency. Contrary to conventional wisdom, here, a concept of taper‐free waveguides is proposed in which waveguides with different cross‐sections couple with each other efficiently without using tapers, which are enabled by the recently discovered photonic topological phases. This concept is experimentally demonstrated on an all‐silicon on‐chip terahertz (THz) wave platform. It is further shown that the topologically enabled taper‐free waveguides are robust against sharp corners and large‐area potential barriers. This work provides a promising taper‐free solution for future compact optical/THz photonic integrated circuits.
Smart Anti‐Counterfeiting Inks: Controlled Luminescence Polarization and Its Fixation by Photoisomerization and Subsequent Photopolymerization of Cyanostilbene‐Based Liquid Crystal Monomers
Authors: Koo Jahyeon , Kim Minwook , Hyeong Jaeseok , Yu Dongmin , Kim Sanghee , Jang Junhwa , Oh Mintaek , Wi Youngjae , Ko Hyeyoon , Jeong Kwang‐Un
Published: May 2023

To identify and protect authentics from counterfeits, anti‐counterfeiting materials are developed. In spite of many advances in luminescent anti‐counterfeiting materials, there is still a need for easily processible, multilevel anti‐counterfeiting materials. Here, the study reports a novel strategy for the production of smart anti‐counterfeiting inks and films using a cyanostilbene‐based liquid crystal (LC) monomer (CSRM). This smart ink is prepared by mixing CSRM and conventional nematic LC monomers. The optimized ink with a nematic mesophase is uniaxially oriented by simple shear coating for high transmittance and linearly polarized light emission. Upon subsequent irradiation with 365 nm UV light using a photomask, a phase transition to an isotropic state occurs by photoisomerization of CSRM in selected areas, resulting in unpolarized photoluminescence in those areas. Two optically different regions (UV treated and untreated) can be permanently fixed by photopolymerization under 460 nm blue light. Multilevel anti‐counterfeiting labels programmed by simple shear coating, molecular self‐assembly, selective photoisomerization, and photopolymerization fixation can provide a new insight in developing smart anti‐counterfeiting inks and films.
Dissymmetrically Substituted Diphosphines with Two Atropisomeric Axes and Their Application in Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Imines
Authors: Hedouin Gaspard , Abed Ali Abdine Racha , Dherbassy Quentin , Michon Christophe , Funes‐Ardoiz Ignacio , Colobert Françoise , Wencel‐Delord Joanna
Published: May 2023

Despite the great potential and widespread applications, the majority of diphosphine ligands used in asymmetric catalysis are C2‐symmetric and their structural modifications are often limited. Herein, we reported the design of original enantiopure dissymmetrical diphosphines, BiaxPhos, bearing two atropisomeric axes. Their original chiral architecture combined with important modularity, renders BiaxPhos ligands appealing candidates for asymmetric catalysis, as illustrated by the Ir‐BiaxPhos catalyzed asymmetric imines hydrogenation, furnishing chiral amines with excellent enantioselectivities under mild conditions. Remarkably, combined experimental mechanistic investigations and DFT calculations delineate yet unexplored mechanistic scenario implying the hydrogenation of the enamine tautomeric form instead of the classic reduction of the imine.
Mitochondria‐Targeting BODIPY Probes for Imaging of Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Ye Yingsong , Sun Jiali , Tang Fang , Xie Ruijie , Wang Hui , Ding Aixiang , Pan Sijun , Li Lin
Published: May 2023

Reactive oxygen species (ROSs) are an important class of signaling molecules that play a critical role in regulating physiological processes in the human body. Mitochondria are the primary site of ROSs production, and abnormal concentrations of ROSs can lead to the malignant proliferation of cells, resulting in diseases. Therefore, it is crucial to detect ROSs in mitochondria. Fluorometric methods have gained significant attention from scientists because of their ease of observation, simplicity of operation, and noninvasiveness. Among the fluorescent dyes, boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY) stands out for its high quantum yield, large molar extinction coefficient, and excellent chemical stability, making it widely used in fluorescent imaging. The common design principle of fluorescent probe for the detection of ROSs includes photo‐induced electron transfer, intramolecular charge transfer, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer. This paper provides an overview of BODIPY‐based fluorescent probes designed for imaging ROSs in mitochondria, covering the sensing mechanisms, molecular engineering strategies, and recent advancements. Additionally, the review provides insight into the potential clinical applications of mitochondria‐targeting BODIPY probes in disease diagnosis.
Alveoli‐Like Multifunctional Scaffolds for Optical and Electrochemical In Situ Monitoring of Cellular Responses from Type II Pneumocytes
Authors: Eom Seonghyeon , Lee So Yeon , Park Jung Tae , Choi Inhee
Published: May 2023

While breathing, alveoli are exposed to external irritants, which contribute to the pathogenesis of lung disease. Therefore, in situ monitoring of alveolar responses to stimuli of toxicants under in vivo environments is important to understand lung disease. For this purpose, 3D cell cultures are recently employed for examining cellular responses of pulmonary systems exposed to irritants; however, most of them have used ex situ assays requiring cell lysis and fluorescent labeling. Here, an alveoli‐like multifunctional scaffold is demonstrated for optical and electrochemical monitoring of cellular responses of pneumocytes. Porous foam with dimensions like the alveoli structure is used as a backbone for the scaffold, wherein electroactive metal–organic framework crystals, optically active gold nanoparticles, and biocompatible hyaluronic acid are integrated. The fabricated multifunctional scaffold allows for label‐free detection and real‐time monitoring of oxidative stress released in pneumocytes under toxic‐conditions via redox‐active amperometry and nanospectroscopy. Moreover, cellular behavior can be statistically classified based on fingerprint Raman signals collected from the cells on the scaffold. The developed scaffold is expected to serve as a promising platform to investigate cellular responses and disease pathogenesis, owing to its versatility in monitoring electrical and optical signals from cells in situ in the 3D microenvironments.
Flexible All‐Inorganic Perovskite Photodetector with a Combined Soft‐Hard Layer Produced by Ligand Cross‐Linking
Authors: Shi Tongyu , Chen Xi , He Rui , Huang Hao , Yuan Xinru , Zhang Zhenyu , Wang Jiahong , Chu Paul K. , Yu Xue‐Feng
Published: May 2023

Although perovskite nanocrystals have attracted considerable interests as emerging semiconductors in optoelectronic devices, design and fabrication of a deformable structure with high stability and flexibility while meeting the charge transport requirements remain a huge challenge. Herein, a combined soft‐hard strategy is demonstrated to fabricate intrinsically flexible all‐inorganic perovskite layers for photodetection via ligand cross‐linking. Perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane (FDTS) is employed as the capping ligand and passivating agent bound to the CsPbBr3 surface via Pb‐F and Br‐F interactions. The SiCl head groups of FDTS are hydrolyzed to produce SiOH groups which subsequently condense to form the SiOSi network. The CsPbBr3@FDTS nanocrystals (NCs) are monodispersed cubes with an average particle size of 13.03 nm and exhibit excellent optical stability. Furthermore, the residual hydroxyl groups on the surface of the CsPbBr3@FDTS render the NCs tightly packed and cross‐linked to each other to form a dense and elastic CsPbBr3@FDTS film with soft and hard components. The photodetector based on the flexible CsPbBr3@FDTS film exhibits outstanding mechanical flexibility and robust stability after 5000 bending cycles.
Universal Energy Solution for Triboelectric Sensors Toward the 5G Era and Internet of Things
Authors: Wen Haiyang , Yang Xiya , Huang Ruiyuan , Zheng Duo , Yuan Jingbo , Hong Hongxin , Duan Jialong , Zi Yunlong , Tang Qunwei
Published: May 2023

The launching of 5G technology provides excellent opportunity for the prosperous development of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and intelligent wireless sensor nodes. However, deploying of tremendous wireless sensor nodes network presents a great challenge to sustainable power supply and self‐powered active sensing. Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has shown great capability for powering wireless sensors and work as self‐powered sensors since its discovery in 2012. Nevertheless, its inherent property of large internal impedance and pulsed “high‐voltage and low‐current” output characteristic seriously limit its direct application as stable power supply. Herein, a generic triboelectric sensor module (TSM) is developed toward managing the high output of TENG into signals that can be directly utilized by commercial electronics. Finally, an IoT‐based smart switching system is realized by integrating the TSM with a typical vertical contact–separation mode TENG and microcontroller, which is able to monitor the real‐time appliance status and location information. Such design of a universal energy solution for triboelectric sensors is applicable for managing and normalizing the wide output range generated from various working modes of TENGs and suitable for facile integration with IoT platform, representing a significant step toward scaling up TENG applications in future smart sensing.
Cadaveric analysis of autonomic nerve fiber density in posterior nasal, posterolateral nasal, and anterior ethmoid nerves
Authors: Craig John R. , Dunn Raven T. , Ray Amrita , Keller Christian E. , Peterson Edward L. , Eide Jacob G.
Published: May 2023

Key points

Autonomic nerve densities were equivalent in posterior nasal (PNN), posterolateral nasal (PLNN), and anterior ethmoid nerves (AEN).

Rhinitis studies should explore the utility of PLNN and/or AEN transection over PNN alone.
Squeezed States of Magnons and Phonons in a Cavity Magnomechanical System with a Microwave Parametric Amplifier
Authors: Huang Sumei , Deng Li , Chen Aixi
Published: May 2023

The cavity magnomechanical system has become a promising platform for preparing macroscopic quantum states. In this work, a scheme for generating the steady‐state quadrature squeezing of the magnon and phonon modes in a cavity magnomechanical system is presented. This scheme uses a degenerate microwave parametric amplifier (PA) inside the microwave cavity. It is found that the squeezing of the cavity mode produced by the PA can be transferred to the magnon mode due to the cavity‐magnon beamsplitter‐like interaction, and the squeezing of the magnon mode can be further transferred to the phonon mode due to the magnon‐phonon beamsplitter‐like interaction induced by driving the magnon mode with a red‐detuned microwave field. The effects of the parametric gain and phase of the PA, the magnon‐cavity coupling strength, the power of the magnon drive, and the temperature of the environment on the squeezing of the magnon and phonon modes have been evaluated. The results show that the squeezing of the magnon and phonon modes is robust against the temperature of the environment.
New homo‐bimetallic complexes of dihydrazone‐oxime ligand incorporating isatinic moiety: Preparation, characterization, theoretical, microbicidal, and anticancer investigation
Authors: Ebrahium Mohamad M.
Published: May 2023

A new series of dihydrazone‐oxime ligand's homo‐bimetallic complexes of formulas [M2LCl5(H2O)3].nH2O (M=Fe3+, n=0; Ru3+, n=2), [M2L((O)CH3COO)3(H2O)5].nH2O (M=Co2+, Mn2+, Zn2+ or UO22+, n=4, 6, or 1) and [Cu2L(NO3)3(H2O)3] is designated from the reaction of 3‐((3‐(hydroxyimino)butan‐2‐ylidene)hydrazono)indolin‐2‐one (HL,1) with the salts of Fe3+, Ru3+, Co2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, and UO22+. The newly prepared compounds' structure was elucidated based on traditional techniques such as molar conductance, magnetic measurements, elemental, thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses, and mass spectrometry, as well as spectroscopic tools such as electronic absorption, infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass, and electron spin resonance spectra. The values of complexes molar conductance in DMSO indicated that they were non‐electrolytes. The elemental analysis, in conjunction with other data obtained, confirmed that the ligand performed as a uni‐negative tetradentate chelator that bound two metal cations via the indoline carbonyl; deprotonated oximatic and azomethine groups adopt distorted octahedral or square pyramidal geometries. The chemical formula of these complexes was corroborated by TG analysis, which verified that the homo‐bimetallic complexes were degraded in three or four decaying steps in temperature range 50–596°C ended with the formation of metallic oxide. The prepared compounds' structural characterization was verified by DFT calculations utilizing DFT‐B3LYP technique with a basis set (6–311++G[d,p]). Theoretical calculations' results demonstrated that the homo‐bimetallic complexes' reactivity is higher than un‐complexed ligand's reactivity. The anticancer activity was determined versus three cell lines, namely, SKOV3, PC‐3, and HeLa cell lines. The assignment data revealed that the Zn2+ complex has a stronger inhibitory effect against the three cell lines. Additionally, the synthesized substances' in vitro microbicidal activity was performed versus a variety of bacterial and fungal species.
A multifunctional non‐fluorinated flame retardant superhydrophobic 3‐D porous material for highly selective oil spill treatment and removal of dyes
Authors: Aier Imlilemla , Dhar Purkayastha Debarun
Published: May 2023

The environment and global healthcare are at risk from oily wastewater accumulation and spills. Hence, porous sponge materials are widely sought for remedial oil cleanups. Materials with superhydrophobic and photocatalytic characteristics are implemented for extensive use besides oil–water separation, self‐cleaning, and removal of dyes. Regardless of the various upsides, few materials display both of these features jointly. Most nanomaterial photocatalysts are susceptible to the action of ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation, which often inhibits their hydrophobicity. Here in this work, a photocatalyst such as ZnO was coated on a porous 3‐D melamine sponge (MS). To preserve the hydrophobicity without sacrificing the photocatalytic behavior, ZnO coated melamine sponge was modified with transparent polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to obtain MS/ZnO/PDMS. The obtained superhydrophobic photocatalytic sponge exhibits exceptional oil adsorption capacity, superior stability even under severe conditions and the ability to remove organic dyes. Remarkably, the sponge exhibits outstanding compressive strength and fire resistance properties, indicating the possible utilization in a prolonged practical execution. As a result, this technique might pave the way for the creation of a comprehensive design for an improved superhydrophobic photocatalytic sponge with high stability and recyclability.
The turtles from the middle Paleolithic site of Gruta Nova da Columbeira (Bombarral, Portugal): Update through an archaeozoological perspective
Authors: Boneta Jiménez Iratxe , Cardoso João Luis , Pérez‐García Adán
Published: May 2023

Twenty‐five years after the preliminary systematic study of the turtle remains (Agrionemys[=Testudo]hermanniandEmysorMauremys) recovered from Gruta Nova da Columbeira site (Bombarral, Portugal), the results of its review from systematic and archaeozoological perspectives are presented here. Tortoise remains studies from pre‐Upper Paleolithic sites worldwide have provided relevant data confirming its role as a dietary supply for hominid populations and informing about their ability to adapt to local environmental resources. The Iberian Peninsula record in general, and specifically, that from Portugal, have yielded substantial evidence to this highly debated topic. In this sense, turtle remains recovered in Gruta Nova da Columbeira site, discovered in the 1960s and the main ensemble chronologically ascribed to the MIS‐5 (87.1 ± 6.3 ka BP), offer new information to this debate. Its detailed restudy, has allowed us the identification, justification, and figuration of remains attributed to two Iberian turtle taxa,Chersine hermanniandEmys orbicularis. Therefore, this update on the data concerning the turtle record from Gruta Nova da Columbeira provides new justified taxonomic evidence regarding the Iberian turtle taxa distribution during the Upper Pleistocene. The previously suggested hypothesis about the tortoise human consumption on the site is here evaluated through the development of an archaeozoological and taphonomical analysis, as well as considering the potential documentation of anthropic alterations (e.g., burning, cutmarks, percussion marks). In this sense, this hypothesis is confirmed. In addition, the presence of carnivore activity evidence indicates the engagement of other agents in the deposit formation.
Bibliometric‐enhanced legal information retrieval: Combining usage and citations as flavors of impact relevance
Authors: Wiggers Gineke , Verberne Suzan , van Loon Wouter , Zwenne Gerrit‐Jan
Published: May 2023

Bibliometric‐enhanced information retrieval uses bibliometrics (e.g., citations) to improve ranking algorithms. Using a data‐driven approach, this article describes the development of a bibliometric‐enhanced ranking algorithm for legal information retrieval, and the evaluation thereof. We statistically analyze the correlation between usage of documents and citations over time, using data from a commercial legal search engine. We then propose a bibliometric boost function that combines usage of documents with citation counts. The core of this function is an impact variable based on usage and citations that increases in influence as citations and usage counts become more reliable over time. We evaluate our ranking function by comparing search sessions before and after the introduction of the new ranking in the search engine. Using a cost model applied to 129,571 sessions before and 143,864 sessions after the intervention, we show that our bibliometric‐enhanced ranking algorithm reduces the time of a search session of legal professionals by 2 to 3% on average for use cases other than known‐item retrieval or updating behavior. Given the high hourly tariff of legal professionals and the limited time they can spend on research, this is expected to lead to increased efficiency, especially for users with extremely long search sessions.
Atypical facial mimicry for basic emotions in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Liu Shuo , Wang Yue , Song Yongning
Published: May 2023

During social encounters, people tend to reproduce the facial expressions of others, termed “facial mimicry,” which is believed to underlie many important social cognitive functions. Clinically, atypical mimicry is closely associated with serious social dysfunction. However, findings regarding the facial mimicry ability of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are inconsistent; it is necessary to test whether deficits in facial mimicry are core defects of autism and explore the potential mechanism underlying this process. Using quantitative analysis, this study investigated voluntary and automatic facial mimicry performance of six basic expressions in children with and without ASD. There was no significant group difference in mimicry accuracy, but children with ASD showed less intensity in voluntary and automatic mimicry than typically developing children; they also presented less voluntary mimicry intensity for happy, sad, and fearful expressions. Performance on voluntary and automatic mimicry was significantly correlated with the level of autistic symptoms (r >‐.43) and theory of mind (r >.34). Furthermore, theory of mind mediated the relationship between autistic symptoms and the intensity of facial mimicry. These results suggest that individuals with ASD show atypical facial mimicry (i.e., less intensity for both voluntary and automatic mimicry, mainly for voluntary mimicry of happiness, sadness, and fear), which might offer a potential cognitive marker for quantifying syndrome manifestations in children with ASD. These findings suggest that theory of mind plays a mediating role in facial mimicry, which may provide insight into the theoretical mechanism of social dysfunction in children with autism.
3D Printed Micro‐Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Jabbar Khan Abdul , Mateen Abdul , Khan Shaukat , He Liang , Wang Wenwu , Numan Arshid , Peng Kui‐Qing , Ahmed Malik Iftikhar , Hussain Ijaz , Zhao Guowei
Published: May 2023

Micro‐electrochemical energy storage devices (MEESDs) including micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs), micro‐batteries (MBs), and metal‐ion hybrid micro‐supercapacitors (MIHMSCs) are critical components of electronic systems, especially in the expanding field of the Internet of Things (IoT). In recent years, three‐dimensional (3D) printing techniques also known as additive manufacturing (AM) techniques have emerged as promising approaches to overcome the limitations of conventional fabrication procedures. Employing advanced manufacturing techniques to fabricate MEESDs offers potential benefits, including mass production and programmable prototyping. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in the applications of 3D printing techniques for MEESDs such as MBs, MSCs, and MIHMSCs. First, this review discusses the fundamental of micro/nano energy storage devices by 3D printing technology. Further, we examine the critical properties of the printable inks used in these processes. We also highlighted the current developments in 3D printing‐based MEESDs including various types of MBs, pseudocapacitive and electrochemical double‐layer‐based MSCs, and a range of MIHMSCs. Additionally, this review addresses the challenges and future prospects of 3D printing based MEESDs, including material limitations, printing resolution, manufacturing scalability, mechanical properties, and cost. Overall, this review presents a unique and valuable contribution by providing a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in 3D printing based MEESDs.
Epromoters are new players in the regulatory landscape with potential pleiotropic roles
Authors: Malfait Juliette , Wan Jing , Spicuglia Salvatore
Published: May 2023

Precise spatiotemporal control of gene expression during normal development and cell differentiation is achieved by the combined action of proximal (promoters) and distal (enhancers) cis‐regulatory elements. Recent studies have reported that a subset of promoters, termed Epromoters, works also as enhancers to regulate distal genes. This new paradigm opened novel questions regarding the complexity of our genome and raises the possibility that genetic variation within Epromoters has pleiotropic effects on various physiological and pathological traits by differentially impacting multiple proximal and distal genes. Here, we discuss the different observations pointing to an important role of Epromoters in the regulatory landscape and summarize the evidence supporting a pleiotropic impact of these elements in disease. We further hypothesize that Epromoter might represent a major contributor to phenotypic variation and disease.
Investigation of the relationship between serum irisin level in the idiopathic restless legs syndrome: Could be a marker independent of physical activity?
Authors: Boncuk Ulaş Sena , Acar Türkan , Acar Bilgehan Atılgan , Alaçam Köksal Semra , Güzey Aras Yeşim , Alagöz Aybala Neslihan , Gül Sıdıka Sinem , Uçaroğlu Can Nimet , Köroğlu Mehmet
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common but underdiagnosed neurological syndrome. It is characterized by the feeling of discomfort and desire to move, especially in the lower extremities, which often occurs at night, and the cure or relief of symptoms with movement. Irisin is a hormonelike polypeptide that was first identified in 2012, weighs 22 kDa, consists of 163 amino acids, and is mainly synthesized in muscle. Its synthesis increases with exercise. Here in this study, we planned to investigate the relationship among serum irisin level, physical activity, lipid profile, and RLS.

Material and methods

A total of 35 patients with idiopathic RLS and 35 volunteers were included in the study. Then, venous blood was taken from the participants in the morning after 12 h of night fasting.

Results

The mean value of serum irisin level was 16.9 ± 14.1 ng/mL in the case group and 5.1 ± 5.9 ng/mL in the control group, which was statistically quite significant (p < .001). A significant efficiency (under the curve area 0.886 [0.804–0.967]) of irisin value was observed in the differentiation of patients in the case and control groups.

Discussion

Serum irisin level was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group. In conclusion, we suggest that irisin may play a role in the pathophysiology of RLS independently of the intensity and duration of physical activity and anthropometric data, such as body weight, body mass index, and waist/hip ratio.
Therapist training in video chat technology for use in an adaptive digital mental health intervention: Challenges, facilitators and implications for training models
Authors: Andrews Brooke , Klein Britt , Corboy Denise , McLaren Suzanne , Watson Shaun
Published: May 2023

Objective

This qualitative study investigated therapist training experiences, elements of skill acquisition, and barriers and facilitators associated with conducting assessments, and the delivery of low‐ and high‐intensity therapist assistance delivered via video chat technology, adjunctive to a transdiagnostic digital mental health intervention programme for anxiety and depression.

Methodology

In total, 34 semistructured interviews were conducted with 20 therapists. Twenty interviews explored experiences of training to administer a clinical assessment tool, and 14 additional interviews explored training experiences of delivering low‐ and high‐intensity therapist assistance via video chat technology.

Results

Reflexive thematic analysis identified three themes: video chat skill acquisition, competencies transferrable to video chat and video chat service quality. Training and supervision were identified as important to scaffold skill development, and therapists described surprise that their skill set was transferrable to video chat. The most cited barrier to the adoption of video chat was the management of risk and distress, along with environmental suitability. Frequently cited facilitators to the adoption of video chat included stable Internet connection, protocols and resources.

Conclusion

The benefits of video chat technology and digital mental health interventions can be maximised through the expansion and integration of training into existing teaching curricula. If therapists are familiarised and competent to deliver mental health services via the Internet, as well as in person, the future adoption of blended and stepped‐care models is likely to be increased.
“Mind Playing Tricks on Me”: Case Report on Youth Violence
Authors: Aswad Yvorn
Published: May 2023

An 18‐year‐old young man presented for psychiatric assessment with an uncertain chief complaint. He himself was reticent to speak, but his mother – a monolingual Cape Verdean Creole speaker – said “he's not going to school, he's not going to work, something is wrong with him.” His chart indicated a concern for “possible prodromal psychosis?” Diagnostic heuristics contributed to this concern: late adolescent, cannabis‐user, withdrawal from social settings and obligations, and the patient's “paranoia” as per his own description of “yeah, you never know when something could just happen to you.” It would have been easy to anchor around this, especially given the number of previous providers who worked with him who seemed to affirm this diagnosis and were even considering bringing him into medical clinic to initiate treatment with antipsychotics.
Keep your eye on…
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: May 2023

The link between cannabis and schizophrenia risk in young men

How anti‐poverty programs can improve mental health
Gender‐affirming healthcare: Where are the risks?
Authors: Walters Anne S.
Published: May 2023

Every major medical organization involved in providing health care to youth, including the American Medical Association, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the American Psychiatric Association, supports gender‐affirming care for youth. However, states advancing bans on gender‐affirming care also promote the view that this approach is medically unproven, potentially dangerous, and in some views, a form of child abuse.
Scurvy: An elusive diagnosis
Authors: Pope Michael , Elder Joshua
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical Message

Scurvy is uncommon in the developed world, and clinical presentation may mimic other pathologic states. A thorough social and dietary history is essential to identifying patients at risk of vitamin C deficiency, which can then be easily treated.

Scurvy is a disease of defective collagen synthesis that is characterized by easy bruising, gingival hemorrhages, poor wound healing, fatigue, and arthralgias. It is caused by dietary deficiency of vitamin C. This is the case of a patient with multiple risk factors for malnutrition who was diagnosed with scurvy.
Diaphragmatic rupture secondary to trauma from falling sacks: A case report
Authors: Shrestha Oshan , Basukala Sunil , Karki Sagun , Thapa Niranjan , Joshi Niraj , Shrestha Lochan , Shrestha Melina
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical Message

Diaphragmatic hernia does not only occur during high velocity impact or penetrating injury, but also can occur when heavy loads impact the torso. Diaphragmatic hernia must be ruled out in a patient with polytrauma with a chest X‐ray at the least.

Trauma‐induced diaphragmatic hernia is a protrusion of abdominal contents through the defect in diaphragm and is an uncommon and less heard of injury. This case report conveys that diaphragmatic hernia should be ruled out in any polytrauma case presenting with shortness of breath with the chest X‐ray at the least.
Racial and socioeconomic disparities in glioblastoma outcomes: A single‐center, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Estevez‐Ordonez Dagoberto , Abdelrashid Moaaz , Coffee Elizabeth , Laskay Nicholas M. B. , Atchley Travis J. , Chkheidze Rati , Fiveash John B. , Markert James M. , Lobbous Mina , Maveal Brandon M. , Burt Nabors Louis
Published: May 2023

Background

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor. Emerging reports have suggested that racial and socioeconomic disparities influence the outcomes of patients with GBM. No studies to date have investigated these disparities controlling for isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation and O‐6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) status.

Methods

Adult patients with GBM were retrospectively reviewed at a single institution from 2008 to 2019. Univariable and multivariable complete survival analyses were performed. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the effect of race and socioeconomic status controlling for a priori selected variables with known relevance to survival.

Results

In total, 995 patients met inclusion criteria. Of these, 117 patients (11.7%) were African American (AA). The median overall survival for the entire cohort was 14.23 months. In the multivariable model, AA patients had better survival compared with White patients (hazard ratio [HR], 0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.2–0.69). The observed survival difference was significant in both a complete case analysis model and a multiple imputations model accounting for missing molecular data and controlling for treatment and socioeconomic status. AA patients with low income (HR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.04–4.50), public insurance (HR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.04–4.87), or no insurance (HR, 15.63; 95% CI, 2.72–89.67) had worse survival compared with White patients with low income, public insurance, or no insurance, respectively.

Conclusions

Significant racial and socioeconomic disparities were identified after controlling for treatment, GBM genetic profile, and other variables associated with survival. Overall, AA patients demonstrated better survival. These findings may suggest the possibility of a protective genetic advantage in AA patients.

Plain Language Summary

To best personalize treatment for and understand the causes of glioblastoma, racial and socioeconomic influences must be examined.

The authors report their experience at the O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center in the deep south.

In this report, contemporary molecular diagnostic data are included.

The authors conclude that there are significant racial and socioeconomic disparities that influence glioblastoma outcome and that African American patients do better.