Semantic ratio between terms in search for the iSybislaw system: grounds for forming equivalent classes
Authors: Taran Alla 
Published: March 2020

The article analyzes the terminology of speech dynamics, in particular the semantic relation between the terms in the language of the search of the iSybislaw system: the names of the varieties of secondary nomination and semantic derivation. The specificity of semantic neologisms is that they express different types of derivative meanings, the development of which may occur primarily in a non-morphological way of word formation, which does not involve changing the form of the word. We classify semantic innovations as a new meaning in the semantics of an already existing word. Researchers of dynamic processes in lexicon, a new meaning of the present word, as a consequence of its semantic derivation, are distinguished as a kind of neologism. N. Z. Kottelova points to the existence of “neologisms-values” as emerging as a result of semantic derivations on the basis of metaphor and other transfers of nomination or verbal derivation, when the semantic neologism was formed morphologically.
In modern linguistic literature there are different classifications of the types of semantic changes that cause the derivation of the meanings of verbal units. The formal-semantic relation between the terms for the meaning of semantic changes in the language of the keywords of the iSybislaw information retrieval system represents not only duplicity, but also more and more meaningful differences in such terms, the need for their aspect of the article.
In our opinion, the specifics of semantic neologisms are that they express different types of derivative meanings, the development of which may occur primarily in a non-morphological way of word formation, which does not involve changing the form of the word. The varieties of semantic derivation are: metaphorical transfer, metonymy, expansion of meaning, narrowing, semantic shift (preservation of semantic volume).
The expansion and narrowing of the nominating volume are closely related to the processes of termination and determinism. Semantic traces are considered as part of semantic neologisms formed by verbal derivation on the basis of a common form of known values with new borrowings. The results of semantic changes may also be the improvements (reclamation) and deterioration (pejorations) of values (along with its narrowing or expansion); gain, hyper-semantic value; desemation. Semantic processes include the processes of depoliticization and deideologization of certain groups of words.
To display the semantic potential of vocabulary, it is extremely necessary not only to identify and describe the effects of semantic changes of different types, but also to unify the terminology of their designation, to develop a conceptual and methodical-procedural apparatus for their analysis, to determine the criteria for their normalization and codification for fixing in the Ukrainian dictionaries the register of new generation and future electronic thesaurus of Slavic linguistic terminology, the need for which is becoming increasingly clear to the developers of the iSybislaw system.