bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bird Diversity Patterns in the Nuclear Central American Highlands: A Conservation Priority in the Northern Neotropics
Authors: Sánchez-Ramos Luis Enrique , Gordillo-Martínez Alejandro , Gutiérrez-Arellano Claudia R. , Kobelkowsky-Vidrio Tania , Ríos-Muñoz César A. , Navarro-Sigüenza Adolfo G.
Published: December 2018

The Nuclear Central American Highlands (NCAH) is a mountainous region located within a complex transition zone. Here, we analyzed the distribution patterns of 282 species of resident land birds of the NCAH. We gathered a database with records of presence of species, from which we generated realized ecological niche models using the Genetic Algorithm for Rule Set Production. These ecological niche models were used to obtain maps of each species’ potential distribution and generated species richness maps that were also compared to the map of protected areas. In addition, the maps were overlaid with a 0.25° diameter hexagonal grid to generate a presence–absence matrix to create regionalizations through (a) a Parsimony Analysis of Endemism and (b) a phenogram. Results show contrasting patterns of distribution between total species richness and endemic species richness. The regionalizations show groups influenced by slope and altitude. Species composition is mainly Mesoamerican and Neotropical species. Our results offer a new view of the regional understanding of bird diversity patterns and biogeographical processes that have shaped regional richness, like the effects of the Great American Biotic Interchange that are visible in the species composition of the NCAH. We believe that these maps of both species richness and regionalization can serve as useful tools for conservation biologists and authorities in implementing strategies for the protection of natural areas in the NCAH.
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles may promote breast cancer cell dormancy
Authors: Casson Jake , Davies Owen G , Smith Carol-Anne , Dalby Matthew J , Berry Catherine C
Published: December 2018

Disseminated breast cancer cells have the capacity to metastasise to the bone marrow and reside in a dormant state within the mesenchymal stem cell niche. Research has focussed on paracrine signalling factors, such as soluble proteins, within the microenvironment. However, it is now clear extracellular vesicles secreted by resident mesenchymal stem cells into this microenvironment also play a key role in the initiation of dormancy. Dormancy encourages reduced cell proliferation and migration, while upregulating cell adhesion, thus retaining the cancer cells within the bone marrow microenvironment. Here, MCF7 breast cancer cells were treated with mesenchymal stem cell–derived extracellular vesicles, resulting in reduced migration in two-dimensional and three-dimensional culture, with reduced cell proliferation and enhanced adhesion, collectively supporting cancer cell dormancy.
Over the horizon: Exploring the conditions of a post-growth world
Authors: Crownshaw Timothy , Morgan Caitlin , Adams Alison , Sers Martin , Britto dos Santos Natália , Damiano Alice , Gilbert Laura , Yahya Haage Gabriel , Horen Greenford Daniel
Published: December 2018

Maintaining steady growth remains the central goal of economic policy in most nations. However, as evidenced by the advent of the Anthropocene, the global economy has expanded to a point where limits to growth are appearing. Facing the end of growth requires a careful re-examination of plausible future conditions. We draw on a diverse literature to present an interdisciplinary exploration of post-growth conditions in the areas of climate change, ecological impacts, governance, and education, finding that such conditions may invalidate many prevalent assumptions regarding the future. The post-growth world, while subject to significant uncertainty and heterogeneity, will be characterized by profound hazards and discontinuities for both human and natural systems. Furthermore, we argue that an economic paradigm change will be predicated on an involuntary and unplanned cessation of growth. This implies a necessary strategic expansion of the heterodox economic discourse to formulate appropriate responses in view of likely post-growth realities.
Levels and effectiveness of oral retinol supplementation in VLBW preterm infants
Authors: Garofoli Francesca , Mazzucchelli Iolanda , Decembrino Lidia , Bartoli Antonella , Angelini Micol , Broglia Monica , Tinelli Carmine , Banderali Giuseppe , Stronati Mauro
Published: December 2018

Retinol palmitate oral administration is convenient, but it is difficult to assess/monitor its nutritional status in preterm infants and literature is controversial about the administration route and the effectiveness of vitamin A supplementation. We primarily evaluated retinol plasma levels to assess the vitamin A nutritional status in preterm infants (<1500 g; 32 weeks) after 28 days of oral supplementation (3000 IU/kg/day, retinol palmitate drops), in addition to vitamin A standard amount as suggested by European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) guidelines. We then observed the rate of typical preterm pathologies in the supplemented group (31 newborns) and in 10 matching preterm infants, hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in the same period, who received neither vitamin A supplementation nor parents allowed plasma sampling. Oral integration resulted in constant retinol plasma concentration around the desired level of 200 ng/mL, but without statistical increase during the study period. Due to the complexity of vitamin A metabolism and the immaturity of preterm infant’s organs, retinol supplementation may had first saturated other needy tissues; therefore, plasmatic measures may not be consistent with improved global vitamin A body distribution. Therefore, achieving a constant retinol concentration is a valuable result and supportive for oral administration: decreasing levels, even after parenteral/enteral supplementation, were reported in the literature. In spite of favourable trend and no adverse events, we did not report statistical difference in co-morbidities. This investigation confirms the necessity to perform further trials in preterm newborns, to find an index reflecting the complex nutritional retinol status after oral administration of vitamin A, highlighting its effectiveness/tolerability in correlated preterm infant’s pathologies.
Effect of paiteling on the alteration of persistent HR-HPV infection after panhysterectomy
Authors: Zhao Ye , Wang Qiu-Man , Yao Li-Ting , Han Xiao
Published: December 2018

This study aims to determine the effect of paiteling by placing a vaginal stump on the outcome of persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection after hysterectomy for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). From January 2013 to December 2015, 125 patients were enrolled in the study. These patients were divided into groups, according to patient’s preference. There were 55 patients in the paiteling group, while there were 70 patients in the control group. At the end of the third and ninth month, Thinprep cytology test (TCT) and human papillomavirus (HPV) typing were reviewed to determine the changes in HR-HPV and its complications. The negative conversion rates of these two groups were observed. Patients in the control group were observed and followed up without treatment. At the third month after treatment, HPV negative rates were 83.64% and 34.29% in the paiteling group and control group, respectively (χ2 = 30.444, P < 0.01). In the ninth month, the rate of HPV negative conversion was 90.91% in the paiteling group and 48.57% in the control group (χ2 = 25.047, P < 0.01). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant, and patients in both groups had no obvious adverse reactions. Paiteling irrigation at the vaginal stump can accelerate the positive-to-negative conversion of HR-HPV infection after panhysterectomy.
Expression and significance of SDF-1 and its receptor CXCR4 in the retina of pregnant rats after optic nerve injury
Authors: Liu Tiegang , Tang Xin , Yao Ling , Song Hui
Published: December 2018

Stromal cell–derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and its receptor CXCR4 have shown to play a role in embryonic development process, regulation of hematopoiesis, mediating immunology response, inflammatory reaction, and metastasis of malignant tumor. Recently, SDF-1 and CXCR4 are also closely related to retinal neovascularization. This study was to investigate the expression of SDF-1 and CXCR4 in the retina after optic nerve injury in pregnant rats so as to reveal its significance. A total of 12 pregnant rats were randomly divided into normal group and experimental group (after 5 days of optic nerve injury), six rats in each group; expressions of SDF-1 as well as CXCR4 in rat retina were detected by immunofluorescence staining and western blot assay. The result of immunofluorescence staining showed that the relative gray scale values of SDF-1 and CXCR4 in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the normal group ( P < 0.05), and the result of Western blot assay showed that the expression levels of SDF-1 and CXCR4 in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the normal group ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, SDF-1 and its receptor CXCR4 have abnormal expression in the retina of pregnant rats after optic nerve injury, which may be involved in the occurrence and development of optic nerve injury.
What matters is what you do: The rediscovery of skills in probation practice
Authors: Raynor Peter , Vanstone Maurice
Published: December 2018

This article discusses the recent emergence of practice skills or ‘core correctional practices’ as a focus for research and staff development in probation work. Starting with the gradual discovery of an empirical approach to practitioners’ use of skills, the article reviews recent research on the nature and impact of skills in effective practice and argues the case for their development as a key strategy for improving probation services, provided that management systems adapt to recognise and encourage them.
Validation of a Short Adherence Questionnaire for Children Living with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy in Kenya
Authors: Vreeman Rachel Christine , Scanlon Michael Lawrence , Tu Wanzhu , Slaven James , Ayaya Samuel , Nyandiko Winstone
Published: December 2018

Background:

There are few validated tools to measure adherence for children living with HIV. We identified questionnaire items for caregivers of Kenyan children aged <15 years living with HIV.

Methods:

Caregiver–child dyads were followed for 6 months. At monthly visits, the child’s HIV provider administered a 10-item questionnaire to the caregiver. Children were given electronic dose monitors (Medication Event Monitoring Systems [MEMS]). Correlation between questionnaire items and dichotomized MEMS adherence (≥90% doses taken versus <90%) was investigated using logistic regression models.

Results:

In 95 caregiver–child dyads, mean age of children (40% female) was 8.3 years. Items associated with higher odds of MEMS adherence in multivariable analysis included the father giving the child medication, being enrolled in a nutrition program, and the caregiver reporting no difficulties giving the child medication.

Conclusion:

Providers typically ask about missed doses, but asking about caregiver responsibilities and difficulties in giving the child medication may better detect suboptimal adherence.
Older Age Predicts Worse Function 1 Year After an Acute Achilles Tendon Rupture: A Prognostic Multicenter Study on 391 Patients
Authors: Westin Olof , Svedman Simon , Senorski Eric Hamrin , Svantesson Eleonor , Nilsson-Helander Katarina , Karlsson Jón , Ackerman Paul , Samuelsson Kristian
Published: December 2018

Background:

There is limited evidence regarding the patient-related factors that influence treatment outcomes after an acute Achilles tendon rupture.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to determine the predictors of functional and patient-reported outcomes 1 year after an acute Achilles tendon rupture using a multicenter cohort and to determine patient characteristics for reporting within the top and bottom 10% of the Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS) and heel-rise height outcomes. The hypothesis was that older age, greater body mass index (BMI), and female sex would lead to inferior outcomes.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Patients were selected by combining 5 randomized controlled trials from 2 different centers in Sweden. Functional outcomes were assessed using validated heel-rise tests (height, number of repetitions, total work, and concentric power) for muscular endurance and strength, and the relationship between injured and uninjured legs was calculated as the limb symmetry index (LSI). Patient-reported outcomes were measured using the ATRS. All outcomes were collected at the 1-year follow-up. Independent predictors included were patient sex, smoking, BMI, age, and surgical versus nonsurgical treatment.

Results:

Of the 391 included patients, 307 (79%) were treated surgically. The LSI of heel-rise height at the 1-year follow-up decreased by approximately 4% for every 10-year increment in age (beta, –3.94 [95% CI, –6.19 to –1.69]; P = .0006). In addition, every 10-year increment in age resulted in a 1.79-fold increase in the odds of being in the lowest 10% of the LSI of heel-rise height. Moreover, a nonsignificant superior LSI of heel-rise height was found in patients treated surgically compared with nonsurgical treatment (beta, –4.49 [95% CI, –9.14 to 0.16]; P = .058). No significant predictor was related to the ATRS. Smoking, patient sex, and BMI did not significantly affect the 1-year results for the LSI of the heel-rise tests.

Conclusion:

Older age at the time of injury negatively affected heel-rise height 1 year after an Achilles tendon rupture. Irrespective of age, a nonsignificant relationship toward the superior recovery of heel-rise height was seen in patients treated surgically. None of the factors studied affected patient-reported outcomes.
Access to Social Network Support and Material Hardship
Authors: Campbell Colin , Pearlman Jessica
Published: December 2018

Does access to social network support help protect households from material hardship? In this study, we analyze data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation ( N = 28,805) and find that access to assistance from family and friends is associated with a decrease in the likelihood that a household experiences bill-paying hardship, food hardship, or health care hardship. In addition, we examine the interaction between household income and level of available assistance from family and friends. Respondents with higher incomes are able to self-insure against material hardship, and consequently, the protection against material hardship offered by access to assistance is greatest for those respondents with the lowest incomes. Overall, these findings contribute to sociological understandings of how social networks and social isolation shape the well-being of households and suggest an important mechanism for how low-income households are able to avoid material hardship despite inadequate financial resources.
Impact of Metabolic Pathways and Epigenetics on Neural Stem Cells
Authors: Fawal Mohamad-Ali , Davy Alice
Published: December 2018

Balancing self-renewal with differentiation is crucial for neural stem cells (NSC) functions to ensure tissue development and homeostasis. Over the last years, multiple studies have highlighted the coupling of either metabolic or epigenetic reprogramming to NSC fate decisions. Metabolites are essential as they provide the energy and building blocks for proper cell function. Moreover, metabolites can also function as substrates and/or cofactors for epigenetic modifiers. It is becoming more evident that metabolic alterations and epigenetics rewiring are highly intertwined; however, their relation regarding determining NSC fate is not well understood. In this review, we summarize the major metabolic pathways and epigenetic modifications that play a role in NSC. We then focus on the notion that nutrients availability can function as a switch to modify the epigenetic machinery and drive NSC sequential differentiation during embryonic neurogenesis.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Research on the construction of regional electronic commerce large data analysis platform
Authors: Zhang Peng
Published: December 2018

The construction of regional electronic commerce large data analysis platform is studied. First, the collaborative filtering algorithm is focused on the further elaboration. According to the demand of the recommendation system of the electronic commerce large data analysis platform of a certain agricultural product, the most core part of the recommendation system is realized and the collaborative filtering algorithm is improved emphatically. Based on the large user behavior data accumulated by the regional e-commerce platform, by mining the user’s implicit evaluation of the merchandise, the sparsity of the scoring matrix is reduced, and the recommended effect of the algorithm is improved. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm can improve the efficiency and accuracy of the data processing of the regional electronic Commerce large data analysis platform.
Saturated Fat Ingestion Promotes Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: González Frank , Considine Robert V , Abdelhadi Ola A , Acton Anthony J
Published: December 2018

Context

Inflammation and insulin resistance (IR) are often present in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Objective

We determined the effect of saturated fat ingestion on circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and mononuclear cell (MNC) toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) and suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3) in women with PCOS.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Academic medical center.

Patients

Nineteen reproductive-age women with PCOS (10 lean, 9 obese) and 19 ovulatory control subjects (10 lean, 9 obese).

Main Outcome Measures

LPS and TNFα levels were measured in plasma. TLR-4 and SOCS-3 mRNA and protein content were quantified in MNC from blood collected after fasting and 2, 3, and 5 hours after saturated fat ingestion. Insulin sensitivity was derived from an oral glucose tolerance test (ISOGTT). Androgen secretion was assessed from blood collected after fasting and 24, 48, and 72 hours after human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) administration.

Results

Regardless of PCOS status, subjects who were obese had lipid-induced increases in circulating LPS and TLR-4 protein content compared with subjects who were lean. Lean and obese women with PCOS had lipid-induced increases in plasma TNFα and SOCS-3 mRNA and protein content compared with lean control subjects. Both PCOS groups had lower ISOGTT and greater HCG-stimulated androgen secretion compared with control subjects. The LPS and SOCS-3 responses were negatively correlated with ISOGTT and positively correlated with HCG-stimulated androgen secretion.

Conclusion

In PCOS, lipid-induced LPS-mediated inflammation through TLR-4 is associated with obesity and worsened by PCOS, whereas lipid-induced increases in SOCS-3 may represent an obesity-independent, TNFα-mediated mechanism of IR.
Social psychology of communication: theory and practice
Authors: Свенцицкий Анатолий , Sventsitskiy Anatoliy , Панфёров Владимир , Panferov Vladimir , Куликов Леонид , Kulikov Leonid , Почебут Людмила , Pochebut Lyudmila , Гуриева Светлана , Gurieva Svetlana , Михалюк Ольга , Mikhalyuk Olga , Сидоренко Елена , Sidorenko Elena , Доминяк Владислав , Dominyak Vladislav , Чикер Вера , Chiker Vera , Капустина Александра , Kapustina Aleksandra , Яничева Татьяна , Yanicheva Tatyana , Юмкина Екатерина , Yumkina Ekaterina
Published: December 2018

The collective monograph prepared by the staff of the Department of social psychology of St. Petersburg state University presents theoretical and practical provisions of the current state of social psychology of communication as a branch of scientific knowledge. Various aspects of social psychology of communication on the materials of research conducted in recent years by domestic and foreign researchers are considered here. A significant place is occupied by the works of psychologists of St. Petersburg state University.
Since communication in various forms accompanies all human activity, the content of this monograph covers a wide range of communication processes in the areas of family and professional organizations, in various social groups — small and large. Special attention is paid to the problems of inter-ethnic relations and intercultural communication.
This book may be of interest to specialists-psychologists and representatives of related scientific disciplines — sociologists, cultural scientists and ethnographers.
Students-psychologists of senior courses and graduate students, referring to this work, will undoubtedly be able to deepen their understanding of the phenomenon of communication in human life.
Development of a Lifelogs-Based Daily Wellness Score to Advance a Smart Wellness Service
Authors: Kim Ki-Hun , Kim Kwang-Jae , Lim Chiehyeon , Heo Jun-Yeon
Published: December 2018

Smart wellness services collect various types of lifelog data, such as the number of steps taken and sleep duration, via smart devices. However, most existing smart wellness services simply display each individual lifelog to users, limiting their ability to support overall user understanding. In this article, the authors develop a lifelogs-based daily wellness score (LDWS) to resolve such limitations by combining various lifelog data to calculate a score that represents overall daily health behaviors. LDWS was developed as part of a smart wellness service for college students in collaboration with an IT company. Lifelog data of 41 college students were collected through a four-week trial and were subsequently fitted to a random effects model. Based on the model estimates, LDWS was determined by linearly aggregating seven behavior variables. The utility of the developed LDWS was validated through a second trial of the service. The authors also discuss other potential uses of LDWS and the factors to be considered for developing a lifelogs-based wellness score for a smart wellness service.
Determinants for Value Cocreation and Collaborative Paths in Complex Service Systems: A Focus on (Smart) Cities
Authors: Polese Francesco , Barile Sergio , Caputo Francesco , Carrubbo Luca , Waletzky Leonard
Published: December 2018

In the last few years, service science has opened a debate on the need to adopt new approaches to better understand emerging social and economic dynamics. Different research pathways are now considering the management of complex service systems (CSSs). In this paper, the authors focus attention on the phenomenon of "smart cities" as an example of CSSs with the aim of investigating which ways actor perceptions affect opportunities and willingness for value cocreation and collaborative action. Using a survey of a random sample of 374 providers and users of city service platform in the city of Brno, Czech Republic, actor perceptions were analyzed, and through structural equation modelling, the relationships between actor perceptions and willingness to build value cocreation and collaborative paths were tested.
Encouraging Innovations of Quality from User Innovators: An Empirical Study of Mobile Data Services
Authors: Ye Hua (Jonathan)
Published: December 2018

Can mobile data service platforms support users to make quality mobile apps? If so, what should the platforms do to encourage quality mobile data services from users? Cognitive evaluation theory is useful in explaining human behaviors based on individuals’ innate psychological needs. In this article, the authors use this theory to explain how platforms can design their features (i.e., software development tools and design rules and regulations) to fulfil user needs for competence and autonomy. As a result, users can make mobile data services of better quality. The authors propose that toolkits can support the need for competence in terms of ease of effort and idea exploration, whereas regulations in design autonomy can support the need for autonomy in terms of decision-making autonomy, scheduling autonomy, and work method autonomy; and they find that indeed toolkits supported idea exploration and ease of effort, decision-making autonomy, and work method autonomy, enhancing the quality of users’ service innovations. The insights for managers are that platforms can mindfully design their regulations and tools to support users to develop quality innovations, and that platform regulations and tools should be developed complementarily rather than separately.
Professional Service Jobs: Highly Paid but Subject to Disruption?
Authors: Sampson Scott E.
Published: December 2018

Professional service jobs are attractive because they pay well and, because of advanced skill requirements, have been relatively resistant to disruption. This research considers the potential for highly skilled professional jobs to be taken over by less-skilled workers, perhaps with the assistance of advanced artificial intelligence technologies. We consider jobs in healthcare, higher education, legal services, and management and show some areas in which less-professional workers may be able to do the work of more professional counterparts. We specifically focus on two types of job characteristics that other research suggests inhibit automation and justify advanced professional training. The first is low task structure with less-structured tasks being more likely to require professional attention and less likely to be performed by less-trained workers or by automation. The second is high decision impact, supposing that high-impact jobs are more likely to justify the higher pay of professional workers. Our empirical results show that professional jobs, in some ways, are distinct and require the advanced training that leads to higher pay. In other ways, it appears that paraprofessionals who are paid less could do the professional jobs. Professional jobs may not be as disruption-resistant as was previously thought.
Optimization and Characterization of Gluten-Free Formulation for the Development of Gluten Free Flatbread Using Underutilised Sources
Authors: PATIL SONAL , Arya Shalini S
Published: December 2018

This deals to study the effect of different underutilized, cheap and readily available flours from rice, sorghum, unripe banana, water chestnut and moong and their mixtures on dough, flatbread and sensory characteristic of gluten free flatbread. D-optimal mixture design approach was utilized for the study. Dough stickiness decreased with increasing concentration of unripe banana and sorghum flour. Dough strength was positively influenced by rice and moong flour. Tear force values were higher at higher sorghum concentration. Higher levels of sorghum and rice tend to possess higher scores for sensory acceptability. Optimum dough and flatbread qualities were obtained with the optimized sample (Gluten free formulation) containing flours from rice (60%), sorghum (10%), unripe banana (5%), water chestnut (15%) and moong (10%). Model was found to be valid statistically. Further, this mix was compared with whole wheat flour for pasting and rheological properties and found to possess comparable properties.
Proximate, Micronutrient Composition, Physical and Sensory properties of Cookies Produced from Wheat, Sweet Detar and Moringa Leaf Flour Blends
Authors: IGBABUL BIBIANA , OGUNRINDE MICHAEL DAMILOLA , AMOVE JULIUS
Published: December 2018

Cookies were produced from fermented sweet detar, Moringa leaf and wheat composite flours. The proximate composition of the cookies were determined as well as the physical properties, micronutrient composition (mineral and vitamins) and sensory attributes of the cookies. The result showed that moisture content varied from 10.89 – 13.10%, protein content ranged from 6.21 – 8.43%, ash content varied from1.96 to 3.83%, fat content ranged from 19.50 – 23.33%, fibre content ranged from 2.05 to 3.96%, and carbohydrate content decreased from 57.94 – 47.59%. The beta-carotene and vitamin C content ranged from 0.00mg/100g – 119.17mg/100g and 2.00mg/100g – 19.38mg/100g. Calcium, Iron, Zinc and Potassium contents ranged from 21.26–86.12mg/100g, 2.10–2.80mg/100g, 0.91–0.99mg/100g and 89.46–234.29mg/100g. The values of the diameter, weight and thickness of the cookies ranged from 4.46-4.52cm, 14.40-14.95g and 0.84 – 0.99cm.The sensory scores for appearance (4.20–8.26), aroma (4.46–7.60), crispness (4.86–7.33), taste (4.40–7.60), texture (5.33–7.46) and general acceptability (4.66 – 8.13) were recorded. Based on the parameters analyzed, fermented sweet detar , moringa leaf and wheat composite flours could be used in the production of nutritious and acceptable cookies.
Physico-Nutritional and Sensory Properties of Cookies Formulated with Quinoa, Sweet Potato and Wheat Flour Blends
Authors: CHOPRA NIDHI , DHILLON BHAVNITA , RANI RUPA , SINGH ARASHDEEP
Published: December 2018

The study was conducted to formulate cookies with and without partial replacement of wheat flour (W) with sweet potato (SP) and quinoa flour (Q) blends. Sweet potato flour and quinoa flour were blended in equal proportion and then incorporated at the levels of 20, 40 and 60% by replacing wheat flour to prepare cookies. The cookies formulations were: CI(Control, 100W), CII (80W+10Q+10SP), CIII (60W+20Q+20SP) and CIV (40W+30Q+30SP).The three flour types and the prepared cookies were accessed for their nutritional properties. The prepared cookies were also evaluated for their physical parameters and sensory characteristics. The nutritional profile of cookies increased with increased level of addition of sweet potato and quinoa flour. The protein, fat, fibre and ash content of cookies prepared with 60% replacement of wheat flour with sweet potato and quinoa flour blend were found to be29.3, 71.6, 51.8 and 108.3% respectively, higher than those of control cookies. The spread ratio and the thickness of cookies decreased with the addition of blended flour of sweet potato and quinoa. All the cookies were found acceptable on the hedonic scale in terms of appearance, colour, texture, flavour, taste and overall acceptability. The CII cookies were most preferred by the sensory panel with overall acceptability score of 7.8, only next to control cookies (CI) with a score of 8.
Comparative Study on Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Annona Muricata Plant Parts Cultivated in Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: ELIZABETH OMOTOSHO OMOLOLA , NONSO IHEAGWAM FRANKLYN , ADEBOLA NOIKI IFEOLUWA , JOHN OMINI JOY
Published: December 2018

Annonamuricata plant parts possess a broad range of medicinal and biological properties. This research compared the chemical composition and antioxidant properties of Annonamuric at aparts. Proximate, mineral, total phenol and total flavonoid content as well as invitro antioxidant activity were examined. Results revealed the leaves contained significantly(p<0.05) higher composition of moisture (8.69±0.22%), ash (4.60±0.02%), protein (14.53±0.11%), crude fat (10.28±0.03%),chromium (0.38±0.05 mg/100g), nickel (1.75±0.04mg/100g), total phenol (1.01±0.03mgpyrocatechol/mL) and total flavonoid (1.12±0.03mgGAE/mL)compared to the respective values for root. Carbohydrate (9.29±0.24%), lead (0.13±0.02mg/100g) and cobalt (1.93±0.02mg/100g) composition was significantly lower(p<0.05) in the leaves compared to the respective compositions in the root. The leaf and root extract exhibited a concentration-dependent increase in hydroxyl radical scavenging activity with no observable(p<0.05)difference in their EC50 value. This study suggests the leaves of A. muricata found in Covenant University had better chemical composition when compared to the root. Nonetheless, these plant parts may be further exploited for not only their nutritive composition and mineral content but also a natural source of antioxidant agents.
Motivated by enjoying the process
Authors: Moylett Helen
Published: December 2018

We head to the archives to offer another extract from the Practical Pre-School Books title, Active Learning, which explores the concept of children enjoying what they are doing.
Childminding, past and future
Authors: Graven Sarah
Published: December 2018

In so many ways 2018 was a challenging year for the early years sector, and childminders were not immune. So what does 2019 hold for what has become the forgotten workforce?
This is just the beginning
Authors: Keir Alexander
Published: December 2018

It's that time of year again when we all ponder the past whilst looking ahead to a brighter future. Here, Alex Keir explains why dental nurses should stand together
things to know before you start dental nursing
Authors: Rytina Georgia
Published: December 2018

Georgia Rytina shares her insight of the world of dentistry for those yet to discover the dental environment experience
And they call it puppy love…
Authors: Plant Jacci
Published: December 2018

Senior dental nurse Jacci Plant reveals the serious side to canine capers in the dental surgery with Basil the beagle and her pet therapy approach to patient care
Part of a movement
Authors: Meldrum Eloise
Published: December 2018

Last month, we heard from dental nurse Eloise Meldrum about how she uses her Instagram account to share oral health education messages and offer an insight into life in the surgery. Here, she talks about her next step in dentistry
What do you tell your patients?
Authors: Graham Natasha
Published: December 2018

Natasha Graham works at Langmans Dental Health Centres in Stratford Upon Avon and believes her role as a dental nurse to be so complex she'd share her day-to-day working life in her practice's website blog
All about … converged play
Authors: Wood Elizabeth , Chesworth Liz , Folorunsho Aderonke
Published: December 2018

Digital technologies can enhance ‘offline’ activities if the right balance is struck, explain Professor Elizabeth Wood, Aderonke Folorunsho and Liz Chesworth of the University of Sheffield's School of Education
Brushing teeth
Authors: Rawstrone Annette
Published: December 2018

What is the correct technique for brushing, how much fluoride should the toothpaste contain – and other questions, answered by Annette Rawstrone
Star bakers
Authors: Jones-Russell Meredith
Published: December 2018

Nursery World Award winner Incy Wincy's approach to food is fun and goes beyond healthy eating. By Meredith Jones-Russell
The fight continues
Authors: Vollans Caroline
Published: December 2018

There is still much more to be done to redress gender inequality, and it starts in the early years. By Caroline Vollans
Supporting… Jaipreet
Authors: Rawstrone Annette
Published: December 2018

How one nursery in the West Midlands helped a Punjabi-speaking girl become a confident talker in English before moving on to school. By Annette Rawstrone
On the safe side
Authors: Jones-Russell Meredith
Published: December 2018

What lies behind some children's fussy eating habits, and how can practitioners and parents overcome the problem? Meredith Jones-Russell reports
Gender Differences of Experiencing of Subjective Social Well-Being
Authors: Danilchenko Tatyana Viktorivna
Published: December 2018

The article deals with the gender differences in experiencing subjective social well-being. Subjective social well-being (SSWB) is defined as an integral social and psychological phenomenon, which reflects awareness and evaluation of social functioning based on the correlation between the level of demand and degree of satisfaction of individual’s social needs, as a result of which he/she defines his/her social being as optimal and experiences the feeling of satisfaction. It has been demonstrated that while divorce decreases the SSWB of men, it equally increases and decreases the SSWB of women. The leading agents of social relation for women are friends, parents and a partner, for men-parents, neighbours and acquaintances. The presence of children decreases the SSWB of women. At the same time, for men the effect depends on the perception of parenthood. For women dominant psychological factors of experiencing SSWB are competence, autonomy, intuitiveness, desire for power, activeness, whereas for men they are courage, expression of aggression, universalism, kindness and conformism.
Psychological Climate in Organizations: A Systematic Review
Authors: Toprak Mustafa , Karakus Mehmet
Published: December 2018

Psychological climate is a type of climate that is measured at individual level and pertains to employees’ cognitive appraisal of work environment. Though various attempts have been made to define and conceptualize it, and several models have been proposed to measure this construct, the ambiguity surrounding its conceptualization and measurement still persists. This study aims to synthesize and analyze research on psychological climate, elucidate ambiguities, and contribute to conceptualization and demarcation of the construct.
In Vitro Propagation, Development and Validation of HPTLC Method for Quantification of Steroidal Glycoalkaloid Solasodine in In Vitro Culture and Plant Parts of Solanum Nigrum
Authors: Amir Mohd , Ahmad Niyaz , Sarafroz Mohammad , Jamal Mahvish , Pottoo Faheem Hyder , Mujeeb Mohd
Published: December 2018

Solanum nigrum Linn. (Family: solanaceae), has medicinal values, commonly exploited for its active constituents which are of high pharmaceutical importance. The plant contains different type of natural compounds, and one of most important glycoalkaloid in S. nigrum is solasodine. Nodal segment of S. nigrum was cultured on MS media added with several concentrations of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4- D) (0.5ppm –2ppm) for callus induction and development. For shoot induction, MS medium complemented with different dilutions of 6- benzyl adenine (6- BA) (0.5ppm–2ppm) was used. A novel, rapid, and simple high performance thin layer chromatographic method for quantitative estimation of triterpenoid glycoalkaloid. Solasodine was spotted on silica gel 60F254 TLC plate using chloroform: methanol (8.75: 1.25; v/v) as mobile phase. Anisaldehyde-sulfuric acid in methanol used as derivatizing reagent and quantified by densitometric study at 366 nm. This scheme was found to give a sharp and compact spot for the standard drug (Rf = 0.67 ± 0.04). The linearity of this method was found to be a range of 100-1000 ng per spot with LOD and LOQ of 23.78 ng per spot and 67.09 ng per spot; respectively. This method has shown recoveries of solasodine in the range from 98.23% -100.88 %, with low intra and inter-day % RSD. Statistical investigation of the data presented that the method is selective, accurate, precise and reproducible for the study of solasodine. The established and developed HPTLC method would be a significant parameter for the analysis of quality control method of herbal drugs and formulations.
Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Potential of Raphia Hookeri Leaf and Epicarp
Authors: Abimbola Oluyori Peter , Oluwasogo Dada Adewumi , Adejumoke Inyinbor Abosede
Published: December 2018

The contribution of oxidative stress to the pathogenesis of several health conditions and its association with life-threatening diseases such as malaria has necessitated the search for more phytochemicals with antioxidant properties. Various parts of Raphia hookeri such as the leaves, fruit and sap have been moderately studied and applied in different areas of industry. However, the epicarp is generally discarded. The ethanolic extracts of Raphia hookeri leaf and epicarp were herein investigated for their total phenolic and flavonoid contents using spectrometric methods. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) cation assays were used to determine the antioxidant potential of the extracts. The recorded Total Phenolic Content (TPC) of both extracts are comparable while the Total Flavonoid Content of the leaf extract is higher. Consequently, the antioxidant activity of the leaf extract was higher. Although the antioxidant potential of the leaf is higher (351.170±22.950 mg/g RE), the comparable TPC and the antioxidant activity exhibited by Raphia hookeri epicarp extract projects it as a rich phytochemical bio-resourse which may have future relevance in the pharmaceutical industry.
Photochemical Method of Depositing Silver Films on the Surface Cotton Fabrics
Authors: Sataev M. S. , Koshkarbayeva Sh. T. , Abdurazova P. A. , Abzhalov R. S. , Nazarbek U. B.
Published: December 2018

A technology has been developed for the production of silver films on cotton fabrics, which provides for the preliminary application film of monochloride of copper to the surface of the fabric. Physicochemical and photochemical processes are considered, leading to the formation chloride of monovalent copper, providing sufficient adhesion to the substrate. The subsequent treatment with nitrate of silver, when the substitution reaction proceeds, leads to the formation chloride of silver, which under the influence of sunlight is restored to elemental silver. It is shown that in this case also the oxidation of monovalent copper occurs to form soluble salts, easily removable by rinsing. Since the proposed technology does not require special equipment, and the chemical reagents used are not deficient, It can be used to apply bactericidal films of silver on various household products and medical use in conventional laundries or home conditions.
Super Extended Calix[4]Pyrroles as Candidate for Binding Mercury
Authors: Al-Nuaim Maan , AL-Salman H. N. K. , H. Hussein Hussein
Published: December 2018

The binding of mercury Hg (II) by calix[4]pyrrole derivative; 2 has been much less discovered than anion complexation. The presence of hydroxyl group in the structure of meso-tetramethyl-tetrakis-[2(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylcalix[4]pyrrole is important for further modifications in the next steps. The modification of the hydroxyl group by the substitution of ester group was carried out to produce the ester derivative for the modified calix[4]pyrrole 2. The ester group would be expected to deliver high electronic contributions in the complexation processes with the guests as well as to increase the solubility of the receptor in different organic solvents. 1H NMR and isothermal titration calorimetric studies revealed that the receptors exhibited strong interaction with mercury cation and the complexation process was driven enthalpically and entropically. Conductance measurements in acetonitrile were carried out to identify the composition of the formed complex. From Nano Isothermal Titration Calorimetric studies, the thermodynamic parameters for the complexation processes were calculated.
Influence of Chemical Composite Additive on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine using Waste Plastic Oil as Fuel and Modified Piston Bowl
Authors: Bridjesh Pappula , Periyasamy Pitchaipillai , Geetha Narayanan Kannaiyan
Published: December 2018

This experimental investigation is an endeavour to substitute diesel with WPO as fuel on a diesel engine. Enhancing the physiochemical properties of WPO or with hardware modifications on the engine, the performance of engine could not be improved up to the mark. The physiochemical properties of WPO are enhanced by the use of composite additive, which is a mixture of soy lecithin and 2-ethylhexyl nitrate and to improve the in-cylinder air motion; subsequently to increase the swirl and turbulence, standard hemispherical combustion chamber is modified to toroidal spherical grooves combustion chamber. The results of combined effect of modifying the combustion chamber and addition of composite additive suggest that improvements in engine-out emissions can be obtained from current diesel engines by enhancing physiochemical properties of fuel and matching geometry of combustion chamber. Engine combustion and emission characteristics under various loads for various fuels under test are as well studied.
Role of Tio2 Pillared Bentonit and Catalyst Nickel for Hydrogenation Glucose to Generate Sorbitol
Authors: Supeno Minto , Pasaribu Nurhaida , Siburian Rikson
Published: December 2018

Glucose hydrogenation using water at solvent was happened trough two step. First, water was reduced to hydrogen and oxygen gases by TiO2 pillared bentonite. Second, hydrogen that produced was used to reduce glucose into sorbitol. The reaction was prepared in transpaharan medium for 30 days along under UV from sunlight. The product of reaction was characterized using SEM, XRD, FTIR and DSC.
Prospects of Nanobioremediation in Environmental Cleanup
Authors: Pandey Garima
Published: December 2018

This century is struggling with the issue of environment friendly management of the pollutants which are contaminating the environment. One of an ecofriendly and economically feasible method is the bioremediation of pollutants using bio nanoparticles. Nanobioremediation is a highly studied and explored area of remediation of contaminants using nanotechnology. Nanoparticles used for bioremediation are biologically synthesized from plant extracts, fungi and bacteria. These biogenic nanoparticles when applied to environmental contaminants had shown very promising results. Based on the various studies the bioremediation of pollutants using biosynthetic nanoparticles is emerging as a very promising and sustainable method of environment cleanup. This review focuses on the synthesis of bio-nanoparticles and their use in cleaning the environment.
Silver Nanocomposites Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheets for Electrochemical Sensor Applications
Authors: Lakshmi V. Rama , Balavijayalakshmi J.
Published: December 2018

Recently, metal nanoparticles incorporated carbon nanostructures have tremendous applications in the field of nanosensor and technologies. In the proposed work, silver nanoparticles (Ag) decorated reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (rGONS) (rGONS-Ag) are synthesized and developed for the sensitive detection of ortho-Nitrophenol (o-NP) using electrochemical techniques. The rGONS-Ag nanocomposites are synthesized through chemical reduction method. The physical and electrochemical behaviour of the synthesized rGONS-Ag nanocomposites are characterized by using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. The X-ray diffraction analysis reveals the formation of well crystalline silver nanoparticles (AgNp’s) on the surface of rGO nanosheets with the crystallite size of about 22.775 nm. The morphological analysis reveals the formation of well distributed cubic shape AgNp’s on the surface of rGO nanosheets. The rGONS‐Ag nanocomposites modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) shows the good electrochemical detection performance for ortho-Nitrophenol (o-NP) with the linear detection range from 2 mM to 8 mM and with the sensitivity of about 0.221 mA mM-1 cm-2.
Triton-B Mediated One-Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of 3,5 Substituted Tetrahydro-2H-1,3,5-Thidiazine-2-Thiones
Authors: Kishore Ram , Kamboj Monika , Shukla Manisha
Published: December 2018

A new-fangled, proficient, one-pot multi component, intramolecular C-S bond formation reaction, mediated by phase transfer catalyst, Triton-B, is described in this paper. The reaction of alkyl/ phenyl amines, CS2 and formaldehyde catalyzed via Triton-B resulted in formation of 3-(Alkyl or aryl methyl),5-(Alkyl or aryl methyl) substituted tetrahydro-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thiones compounds(1a-15a). These compounds (1a-15a) were characterized with the help of elemental analysis, IR, NMR and mass spectroscopic methods. The PTC mediated reactions require mild reaction condition and reduced time period for completion. The reaction is achieved at normal temperature under solvent free conditions with good yields and great selectivity. This methodology discourages the traditional synthesis method of inorganic base for such coupling reaction.