bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide gene expression profiling of the melon fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae, during thirteen life stages
Authors: Wei Dong , Xu Hui-Qian , Chen Dong , Zhang Su-Yun , Li Wei-Jun , Smagghe Guy , Wang Jin-Jun
Published: February 2020

The melon fly,Zeugodacus cucurbitae(Coquillett), is an important destructive pest worldwide. Functional studies of the genes associated with development and reproduction during different life stages are limited inZ. cucurbitae. There have yet to be comprehensive transcriptomic resources for genetic and functional genomic studies to identify the molecular mechanisms related to its development and reproduction. In this study, we comprehensively sequenced the transcriptomes of four different developmental stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adults. Using the Illumina RNA-Seq technology, we constructed 52 libraries from 13 stages with four biological replicates in each and generated 435.61 Gb clean reads. We comprehensively characterized the transcriptomes with high-coverage mapping to the reference genome. A total of 13,760 genes were mapped to the reference genome, and another 4481 genes were characterized as new genes. Finally, 14,931 genes (81.85%) were functionally annotated against six annotation databases. This study provides the first comprehensive transcriptome data of all developmental stages ofZ. cucurbitae, and will serve as a valuable resource for future genetic and functional studies.
Author Correction: Conformational rearrangements of the C1 ring in KaiC measure the timing of assembly with KaiB
Authors: Mukaiyama Atsushi , Furuike Yoshihiko , Abe Jun , Koda Shin-ichi , Yamashita Eiki , Kondo Takao , Akiyama Shuji
Published: February 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Interactions between worker ants may influence the growth of ant cemeteries
Authors: Sakiyama Tomoko
Published: February 2020

When an ant dies within a nest, a worker ant carries its corpse away from the nest and drops it onto a pile known as an ant cemetery. These ant cemeteries form cluster patterns, and the dynamics of the corpse piles have been studied experimentally. The aim of the present study was to investigate how sensitivity to the presence of nest-mates would influence the corpse-carrying behaviour of ants, and how this would impact the dynamics of corpse pile clustering. This was achieved by developing an agent-based computational model in which simulated ‘ants’ (the agents) carry and drop ‘corpses’, resulting in the growth of the corpse pile. In the model, the probability of an ant dropping a corpse was tuned according to the presence or absence of nest-mates. The pile dynamics of the resulting model showed a partial match with the time series evolution of corpse piles observed with real ants in previous experimental studies. Although the switch of probabilities is a thought experiment, our results suggest that the corpse-carrying behaviour of worker ants might be influenced by interactions with their nest-mates because there is evidence that ant behaviour can be influenced by encounter rates.
Author Correction: Altered humoral immunity to mycobacterial antigens in Japanese patients affected by inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system
Authors: Cossu Davide , Yokoyama Kazumasa , Tomizawa Yuji , Momotani Eiichi , Hattori Nobutaka
Published: February 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Nucleosome destabilization by nuclear non-coding RNAs
Authors: Fujita Risa , Yamamoto Tatsuro , Arimura Yasuhiro , Fujiwara Saori , Tachiwana Hiroaki , Ichikawa Yuichi , Sakata Yuka , Yang Liying , Maruyama Reo , Hamada Michiaki , Nakao Mitsuyoshi , Saitoh Noriko , Kurumizaka Hitoshi
Published: February 2020

In the nucleus, genomic DNA is wrapped around histone octamers to form nucleosomes. In principle, nucleosomes are substantial barriers to transcriptional activities. Nuclear non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are proposed to function in chromatin conformation modulation and transcriptional regulation. However, it remains unclear how ncRNAs affect the nucleosome structure. Eleanors are clusters of ncRNAs that accumulate around the estrogen receptor-α (ESR1) gene locus in long-term estrogen deprivation (LTED) breast cancer cells, and markedly enhance the transcription of the ESR1 gene. Here we detected nucleosome depletion around the transcription site of Eleanor2, the most highly expressed Eleanor in the LTED cells. We found that the purified Eleanor2 RNA fragment drastically destabilized the nucleosome in vitro. This activity was also exerted by other ncRNAs, but not by poly(U) RNA or DNA. The RNA-mediated nucleosome destabilization may be a common feature among natural nuclear RNAs, and may function in transcription regulation in chromatin.
Elucidating the multiple roles of hydration for accurate protein-ligand binding prediction via deep learning
Authors: Mahmoud Amr H. , Masters Matthew R. , Yang Ying , Lill Markus A.
Published: February 2020

Accurate and efficient prediction of protein-ligand interactions has been a long-lasting dream of practitioners in drug discovery. The insufficient treatment of hydration is widely recognized to be a major limitation for accurate protein-ligand scoring. Using an integration of molecular dynamics simulations on thousands of protein structures with novel big-data analytics based on convolutional neural networks and deep Taylor decomposition, we consistently identify here three different patterns of hydration to be essential for protein-ligand interactions. In addition to desolvation and water-mediated interactions, the formation of enthalpically favorable networks of first-shell water molecules around solvent-exposed ligand moieties is identified to be essential for protein-ligand binding. Despite being currently neglected in drug discovery, this hydration phenomenon could lead to new avenues in optimizing the free energy of ligand binding. Application of deep neural networks incorporating hydration to docking provides 89% accuracy in binding pose ranking, an essential step for rational structure-based drug design.
In vitro cell culture in hollow microfibers with porous structures
Authors: Ranjan Vivek Damodar , Zeng Peiqin , Li Boyuan , Zhang Yilei
Published: February 2020

Hollow and porous cell-encapsulated microfibers have been fabricated via simultaneously electrospinning two different biomaterial-based polymer solutions using a coaxial spinneret.
Bio-engineered cell membrane nanovesicles as precision theranostics for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Xiaojie , Zhang Yang , Zhang Yunming , Lv Peng , Zhang Pengfei , Chu Chengchao , Mao Jingsong , Wang Xiaoyong , Li Wengang , Liu Gang
Published: February 2020

We engineered a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) affibody to the surface of cell membrane nanovesicles (A-NVs) in a ligand-oriented manner and loaded them with indocyanine green (ICG) as precision theranostics for PHCC treatment.
Designing Cr complexes for a neutral Fe–Cr redox flow battery
Authors: Ruan Wenqing , Mao Jiatao , Yang Shida , Shi Chuan , Jia Guochen , Chen Qing
Published: February 2020

Through the design of polydentate ligands, we revamp the iron–chromium flow battery with neutral electrolytes for stable cycling performance.
Emerging investigator series: influence of marine emissions and atmospheric processing on individual particle composition of summertime Arctic aerosol over the Bering Strait and Chukchi Sea
Authors: Kirpes Rachel M. , Rodriguez Blanca , Kim Saewung , China Swarup , Laskin Alexander , Park Keyhong , Jung Jinyoung , Ault Andrew P. , Pratt Kerri A.
Published: February 2020

Composition of individual atmospheric particles reveals the influence of marine sources, terrestrial sources, and anthropogenic sources on atmospheric chemistry in the changing Alaskan Arctic.
The interaction of CO with a copper(ii) chloride oxy-chlorination catalyst
Authors: Guan Shaoliang , Rossi Giovanni E. , Winfield John M. , Wilson Claire , MacLaren Donald , Morgan David J. , Davies Philip R. , Willock David J. , Lennon David
Published: February 2020

The interaction of CO with an attapulgite-supported, KCl modified CuCl2 catalyst is investigated via a series of micro-reactor measurements.
The Relationship Between the Onset of Canonical Syllables and Speech Perception Skills in Children With Cochlear Implants
Authors: Jung Jongmin , Houston Derek
Published: February 2020

Purpose

The study sought to determine whether the onset of canonical vocalizations in children with cochlear implants (CIs) is related to speech perception skills and spoken vocabulary size at 24 months postactivation.

Method

The vocal development in 13 young CI recipients (implanted by their third birthdays; mean age at activation = 20.62 months,SD= 8.92 months) was examined at every 3-month interval during the first 2 years of CI use. All children were enrolled in auditory–oral intervention programs. Families of these children used spoken English only. To determine the onset of canonical syllables, the first 50 utterances from 20-min adult–child interactions were analyzed during each session. The onset timing was determined when at least 20% of utterances included canonical syllables. As children's outcomes, we examined their Lexical Neighborhood Test scores and vocabulary size at 24 months postactivation.

Results

Pearson correlation analysis showed that the onset timing of canonical syllables is significantly correlated with phonemic recognition skills and spoken vocabulary size at 24 months postactivation. Regression analyses also indicated that the onset timing of canonical syllables predicted phonemic recognition skills and spoken vocabulary size at 24 months postactivation.

Conclusion

Monitoring vocal advancement during the earliest periods following cochlear implantation could be valuable as an early indicator of auditory-driven language development in young children with CIs. It remains to be studied which factors improve vocal development for young CI recipients.
Study on a Nonlinear Dynamic Model and Its Parameters Determination Method for Half-Sine Programmer
Authors: Huang Dedong , Wen Jingjing , Xing Liangliang , Wei Guoning , Wu Bin
Published: February 2020

A nonlinear dynamic model for describing shock response of half-sine programmer in shock test is constructed, in which many important factors in half-sine programmer such as size, hard nonlinearity, damping and initial impact velocity are considered, based on the damped Duffing equation, and the empirical static stiffness and shock stiffness calculation formulas of cylindrical rubber isolator. The shock pulse of half-sine programmer is measured and calculated by using shock test machine and Runge-Kutta method. Taking the minimum determination coefficient between the calculated and the measured shock pulse as the optimization objective, the parameters in the present model are determined by using quantum genetic algorithm (QGA), and meanwhile the extreme capacity in the present model for describing the dynamic behavior of half-sine programmer under shock excitations can also be verified. Experiments were implemented with drop shock test machine. The experimental results show that the present model is precise and efficient, and the prediction errors of pulse peaks and pulse widths were all below 5%, the waveform fitting errors between the calculated and the measured pulses are all less than 15%. The present results are helpful for designing the half-sine programmer.
Trajectory Estimation of Hypersonic Glide Vehicle Based on Analysis of Aerodynamic Performance
Authors: Cheng Yunpeng , Yan Xiaodong , Cheng Feng
Published: February 2020

Due to high speed and high maneuverability of hypersonic glide vehicles (HGVs), the state estimation of such targets has always been a research hotspot. In order to improve accuracy of the trajectory estimation, a nonlinear aerodynamic parameter model for target estimation based on aerodynamic performance analysis is proposed. Firstly, the dynamic characteristics of the hypersonic glide vehicle during the hypersonic gliding stage was analyzed. Then, aiming at HTV-2-liked vehicle, the engineering calculation method was used to form the reference aerodynamic model for the target estimation. Secondly, a deviation model described by first-order Markov process was introduced to compensate the uncertainties of the unknown maneuver information from the target. Finally, extended Kalman filter was utilized to estimate the state of the target. The simulation results show that the proposed model is able to improve the accuracy of acceleration estimation for the HTV-2-liked hypersonic gliding vehicles.
Effects of Shear Layer Characteristics on Acoustic Propagation and Source Localization
Authors: Wang Lican , Chen Rongqian , You Yancheng , Chen Zhengwu , Qiu Ruofan
Published: February 2020

The shear layer characteristics of an open-jet acoustic wind tunnel are of key importance on measurements of aeroacoustics. The effects of thickness, spreading angle and strength of shear layer on acoustic propagation and source localization are investigated through the mean/spreading shear layer with a self-similar velocity distribution. Based on the shear flow, the acoustic propagation is computed by the linearized Euler equations via a source term, and then source localization is obtained from beamforming technique combined with the theory of Amiet. Results show that the numerical method can precisely capture the refraction and reflection after sound traversing shear layer. The thickness, spreading angle and strength of the shear layer exerts little effects on the refracted region where sound wave nearly vertical incident, while mainly influence the corresponding up/downstream region in terms of phase change. Increment of thickness, spreading angle and strength of the shear layer increases the acoustic difference between the shear layer with and without thickness, and produces a larger error of source localization downstream of the actual position.
Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier System Based on Selective Mapping
Authors: Wei Shanlin , Li Hui , Cheng Wei , Zhang Wenjie , Han Gang , Wang Weiguang
Published: February 2020

Internet of things (IoT) and machine-to-machine (M2M) communication are characterized by short periods and bursts. Traditional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has not meet the demand for such traffic, while IoT and M2M communication will play an important role in the next fifth generation (5G) communication, so it is particularly urgent to study the small packet and low-latency wireless transmission technologies that satisfy IoT and M2M communication. Universal filter multi-carrier (UFMC) is a new kind of filtered wireless transmission mechanism that meets this requirement, but it faces a higher peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) than OFDM, which affects the energy efficiency of UFMC. Based on the PAPR performance evaluation of several multi-carrier transmission technologies, a universal filtered multi-carrier based on selective mapping (SLM-UFMC) system is proposed, and the relationship between the number of candidate sub-bands and the performance or between the number of carriers and the performance is carried out. The simulation results show that SLM-UFMC can effectively reduce the PAPR of UFMC system, and the PAPR performance is improved by 1.8 dB comparing with the traditional UFMC. It also further indicates that SLM-UFMC is more suitable for IoT and M2M communication in 5G communication.
A Correlation Filter Target Tracking Algorithm Based on Continuous Convolution Operator and Spatial-Temporal Regularization Term
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Sun Mengyu , Wang Peng , Yang Yongxia
Published: February 2020

In order to accurately estimate the location of a target that is occluded and rotated rapidly by the STRCF algorithm, a correlation filter target tracking algorithm based on continuous convolution operator and spatial-temporal regularization term is proposed. The algorithm uses interpolation operators to transform a response function into a continuous function within a certain period, thus enhancing the accuracy of target location. Spatial-temporal regularization terms are added to the new model of correlation filter to ensure that it is similar to the model of the previous frame of image and that the algorithm is more robust. A fast multi-scale filter is used to update the scale, thus improving the computational efficiency. The experimental results show that the average overlap rate of the proposed algorithm can reach 73% and that the central position error is less than 8.2. The proposed algorithm can achieve a real-time and robust target tracking.
Learning the Structure of Hub Network Based on Graph Model
Authors: Zhang Chongyang , Guo Xiao , Zhang Hai
Published: February 2020

In this paper, we focus on the structure learning problem of the hub network. In the neighborhood selection framework, we use the L1 and L2 regularizers to incorporate the sparse and group prior of the hub network, so as to make the network easier to generate Hub. We employ the coordinate descent algorithm to solve the resulting model. Simulation and real data analysis show that the proposed method is effective and applicable in parameter estimation and model selection, and results illustrate the influence ability of the control parameter on the model.
Passive wine macromixing from 3D natural convection for different winery tank shapes: application to lees resuspension
Authors: Bogard Fabien , Beaumont Fabien , Vasserot Yann , Murer Sébastien , Simescu-Lazar Florica , Polidori Guillaume
Published: February 2020

The works presented in this paper aim at investigating the problems related to the clarification of wines when random passive resuspension of lees occurs. More precisely, resuspension is addressed when temperature variations occur between the wine stored in tanks and the external surroundings of the tanks. From in situ laboratory studies involving laser tomography techniques, it is shown that low temperature gradients between a wine containing light lees and its external environment induce mass transfer by natural convection, generating enough fluid energy to resuspend the light lees in the liquid phase. The experiments are then complemented by numerical, CFD-based simulations focused on the role played by the geometry of different commercial tanks in the intensity of internal mixing. Finally, the groundwork for a study on a new internal design of the tanks by helical grooving is presented. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no literature study mentions the influence of thermal gradients on the resuspension of light lees and the influence of winery tank shapes on the internal fluid mixing intensity.
Cross-species utility of microsatellite loci for the genetic characterisation ofAnisakis berlandi(Nematoda: Anisakidae)
Authors: Bello Eleonora , Paoletti Michela , Webb Stephen C. , Nascetti Giuseppe , Mattiucci Simonetta
Published: February 2020

Eight microsatellite loci, recently developed in the speciesAnisakis pegreffii,were successfully amplified inAnisakis berlandi, sibling species of theA. simplex(s. l.) complex. They were validated on adult specimens (n = 46) of the parasite species, collected from two individuals of the definitive host, the long-finned pilot whaleGlobicephala melasfrom New Zealand waters. Among the eight loci scored, one,Anisl 07132,had null alleles inA. berlandiand was thus excluded from the subsequent genetic analysis. Two loci,Anisl 00314andAnisl 10535,were monomorphic. In addition, as also previously detected in the other species of theA. simplex(s. l.) complex, theAnisl 7locus was seen to be sex-linked, showing hemizygosity in male specimens. Differential allele frequency distributions ofA. berlandi,with respect to those previously observed inA. pegreffiiandA. simplex(s. s.), were found at some microsatellite loci. TheAnisl 7locus provided 100% diagnosis betweenA. berlandiandA. pegreffii,while others resulted in 99% diagnosis betweenA. berlandiand the other two species. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci also allowed us to estimate the genetic differentiation ofA. berlandifromA. pegreffii(Fst ≈ 0.45, Dc = 0.82) andA. simplex(s. s.) (Fst ≈ 0.57, Dc = 0.73). The results suggest that SSRs provide a set of candidate markers for population genetics analysis ofA. berlandi, as well as for the investigation, through a multi-locus genotyping approach, of possible patterns of hybridisation/introgression events betweenA. berlandiand the other twoAnisakisspecies in sympatric conditions.
Nierenersatzverfahren
Authors: Wiederhold Dietmar
Published: February 2020

Patienten mit terminaler Niereninsuffizienz sehen sich bei der Auswahl des Nierenersatzverfahrens mit komplexen Entscheidungen und großen Herausforderungen konfrontiert. Obwohl Kontraindikationen in einigen Fällen die Verfahrenswahl einschränken können, sind die meisten Patienten sowohl für die Peritonealdialyse (PD) als auch für die Hämodialyse (HD) geeignet. Dennoch zeigen Untersuchungen, dass sich viele Patienten unzureichend vorbereitet und schlecht informiert fühlen, wenn mit der Dialysebehandlung begonnen werden soll. Das Ziel der amerikanischen Studie bestand darin, die Wahrnehmung der Patienten im Entscheidungsprozess für ein Dialyseverfahren zu bewerten und die Auswirkungen des gewählten Verfahrens auf ihr Leben zu vergleichen.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Doppler Ultrasound in Predicting Perinatal Outcome in Appropriate for Gestational Age Fetuses: A Prospective Study
Authors: Buca Danilo , Rizzo Giuseppe , Gustapane Sarah , Mappa Ilenia , Leombroni Martina , Bascietto Francesca , Flacco Maria Elena , Acuti Martellucci Cecilia , Manzoli Lamberto , Nappi Luigi , Familiari Alessandra , Scambia Giovanni , Liberati Marco , D'Antonio Francesco
Published: February 2020

Objective To elucidate the role of Doppler ultrasound in predicting perinatal outcome in appropriate for gestational age (AGA) fetuses at term.

Material and Methods Prospective study carried out in a dedicated research ultrasound clinic. The inclusion criterion was AGA fetuses, defined as those with an estimated fetal weight between the 10th and 90th percentile, at 36 + 0–37 + 6 weeks of gestation. The primary outcome was a composite score of adverse perinatal outcome including either adverse intrapartum events or abnormal acid-base status at birth. Secondary outcomes were the individual components of the primary outcome. The Doppler parameters explored were umbilical artery (UA) PI, middle cerebral artery (MCA) PI, uterine arteries (UtA) PI and cerebroplacental ratio (CPR). Attending clinicians were blinded to Doppler findings. Logistic regression and ROC curve analyses were used to analyze the data.

Results 553 AGA fetuses were included. There was no difference in mean UA PI (p = 0.486), MCA PI (p = 0.621), CPR (p = 0.832) and UtA PI (p = 0.611) between pregnancies complicated by composite perinatal morbidity compared to those not complicated by composite perinatal morbidity. In pregnancies complicated by adverse intrapartum outcome, the mean MCA PI (1.47 ± 0.4 vs 1.61 ± 0.4, p = 0.0039) was lower compared to the control group, while there was no difference in UA PI (p = 0.758), CPR (p = 0.108), and UtA PI (p = 0.177). Finally, there was no difference in any of the Doppler parameters explored between AGA fetuses with abnormal acid-base status at birth compared to those without abnormal acid-base status at birth. In the logistic regression analysis, UA PI, MCA PI, CPR, UtA PI, EFW and AC percentiles were not independently associated with composite adverse outcome, adverse intrapartum outcome or abnormal acid-base status at birth in non-SGA fetuses. The diagnostic performance of all of these Doppler parameters for predicting composite adverse outcome, adverse intrapartum outcome and abnormal acid-base status was poor.

Conclusion Cerebroplacental and maternal Doppler is not associated with or predictive of adverse pregnancy outcome in AGA fetuses close to term.
Veranstaltungsbericht
Authors: Reddig Iris , Marks Lara
Published: February 2020

Vom 17.–18.10.2019 richtete der AKTX-Pflege e. V. zum 23. Mal ein Pflegesymposium aus. 1999 wurde der AKTX-Pflege e. V. gegründet, also war 2019 ein ganz besonderes Jahr: 20 Jahre Transplantationspflege und bis heute engagierte Personen im Vorstand; ein Verein, der dazu Mitglieder hat, die das Thema Transplantationspflege über all die Jahre unterstützen. Das Pflegesymposium fand wie in jedem Jahr parallel zur Jahrestagung der DTG (Deutsche Transplantationsgesellschaft) statt und bot ein breit gefächertes Programm.
Relationship between Trunk Muscularity and Club Head Speed in Male
Golfers
Authors: Izumoto Yoka , Kurihara Toshiyuki , Maeo Sumiaki , Sugiyama Takashi , Kanehisa Hiroaki , Isaka Tadao
Published: February 2020

This study examined how the volume of trunk muscles and its bilateral asymmetry
are related to club head speed in golfers. Fourteen right-handed male golfers
performed five driver shots, and the club head speed for each trial was
calculated from a three-dimensional reflective marker position of the club head
immediately before impact. The volume of each side of the rectus abdominis,
erector spinae, psoas major, quadratus lumborum, lateral abdominal wall muscle,
and multifidus was determined using magnetic resonance imaging. For each muscle,
the ratio of the larger to smaller side in muscle volume was calculated to
assess bilateral asymmetry. The club head speed correlated positively with the
volume of each side of the rectus abdominis and erector spinae, left quadratus
lumborum, and the asymmetric ratio of the psoas major
(r=0.595–0.747), but negatively with the asymmetric ratio of the
quadratus lumborum (r=−0.641). Multiple regression analysis
revealed that the right erector spinae volume and the asymmetric ratio of the
psoas major were significant contributors for the club head speed
(R2=0.797). These results indicate that the variation in the
club head speed can be strongly explained by the absolute volume and bilateral
asymmetry of specific trunk muscles.
IL-23 induces the expression of pro-osteogenic factors in osteoclasts
Authors: Pang Dan-Dan , Cai Li , Zhang Jing-Ru , Dai Sheng-Ming
Published: February 2020

Background The mechanism for the new bone formation in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is still unclear. Although it has been demonstrated that IL-23 plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of AS, IL-23 has no direct effects on osteoblasts but modulates the function of osteoclasts.

Aims To explore whether IL-23 indirectly facilitates new bone formation through osteoclasts in AS, here we analyzed whether IL-23 enhances the expression levels of pro-osteogenic factors by osteoclasts.

Methods Mononuclear cells were harvested from mouse bone marrow and cultured in the presence of M-CSF (50 ng/ml) and RANKL (30 ng/ml) to trigger the production of osteoclasts. Protein and mRNA expression levels of Semaphorin 4D, Ephrin B2, BMP2, BMP6, SPHK1, HtrA1 and Wnt10b were measured using Western blot and qRT-PCR.

Results Primary mononuclear cells were transformed into osteoclasts with RANKL and M-CSF. The increased expression of NFATc1 and TRAP together with TRAP staining of>3 nuclei were used to identify mature osteoclasts. The mRNA expression levels of BMP2, Ephrin B2 and SPHK1 were enhanced by 1.46, 2.1 and 2.46 folds after exposure to IL-23. Confirmation of increased levels of Ephrin B2 and SPHK1 in IL-23-stimulated osteoclasts was provided by Western blot analysis. IL-23 had no effects on the expression of BMP6 or Wnt10b, or on the anti-osteogenic factors Semaphorin 4D or HtrA1.

Conclusions IL-23 induces osteoclasts to express pro-osteogenic factors rather than anti-osteogenic factors, suggesting IL-23 might indirectly promote the differentiation of osteoblasts through activated osteoclasts in ankylosing spondylitis.
Highly Enantioselective Rh-Catalyzed Arylation of N,N-Dimethylsulfamoyl-Protected Aldimines and Cyclic N-Sulfonylimines with Chiral Phenyl Backbone Sulfoxide-Olefin Ligands
Authors: Xue Feng , Liu Qibin , Wan Boshun , Zhu Yong , Huang Yifei , Ge Jimeng
Published: February 2020

With chiral 2-methoxy-1-naphthylsulfinyl-based phenyl backbone sulfoxide-olefin ligands, a highly Rh-catalyzed addition of aryl­boronic acids to N,N-dimethylsulfamoyl-protected aldimines has been developed to afford a broad range of chiral diarylmethylamines in high yields (up to 99%) with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee). Moreover, efficient enantioselective arylation of cyclic N-sulfonylimines was also achieved with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98% ee).
Palladium-Catalyzed ortho-Monoacylation of Arenes with Aldehydes­ via 1,2,4-Benzotriazine-Directed C–H Bond Activation
Authors: Cui Bingcun , Huang Guosheng , Liu Jin , Jin Shaofen , Zhou Yingxing , Ni Dongmei , Liu Tingting , Hu Gang , Yu Xin
Published: February 2020

An efficient palladium-catalyzed C–H bond functionalization/ortho-monoacylation reaction of 3-aryl-1,2,4-benzotriazines with (hetero)aryl or alkyl aldehydes has been developed, which offers a facile and alternative strategy for direct modification and further diversification of 3-aryl-1,2,4-benzotriazines. Bioactive 1,2,4-benzotriazine has been employed as a novel directing group for the palladium-catalyzed regioselective monoacylation of sp2 C–H bond protocol with broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance.
Comparison of Health-Related-Quality-of-Life among Children with Epilepsy and a Healthy Control Group in Tehran
Authors: Abdollahi Morteza , Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen , Kolahi Ali-Asghar , Farsar Ahmad-Reza
Published: February 2020

The objective of this study was to determine the quality-of-life (QoL) among children with epilepsy in comparison with a healthy control group. Participants included mothers of 206 children with epilepsy and of 211 healthy controls. The QoL was measured via cross-cultural adaptation of the Quality-of-Life in Children with Epilepsy Questionnaire, which was also modified for the control group. The mean (standard deviation) overall QoL score of children with epilepsy was lower than that of the healthy control group at: 74.3 (8.2) versus 87.9 (6.6), p < 0.001. In addition, all seven dimensions of QoL were lower among children with epilepsy compared with that of the healthy control group. The health-related QoL of children with epilepsy was lower than that of the healthy control group. Children experiencing seizures more frequently, experiencing side effects from antiepileptic drugs, having a history of hospitalization, and having poor school performance displayed lower scores in QoL, which may highlight the impact of the severity of the disease and proper management of seizures on the quality-of-life in children with epilepsy.
Visual Vertigo, Motion Sickness, and Disorientation in Vehicles
Authors: Bronstein A.M. , Golding J.F. , Gresty M.A.
Published: February 2020

Environmental circumstances that result in ambiguity or conflict with the patterns of sensory stimulation may adversely affect the vestibular system. The effect of this conflict in sensory information may be dizziness, a sense of imbalance, nausea, and motion sickness sometimes even to seemingly minor daily head movement activities. In some, it is not only exposure to motion but also the observation of objects in motion around them such as in supermarket aisles or other places with visual commotion; this can lead to dizziness, nausea, or a feeling of motion sickness that is referred to as visual vertigo. All people with normal vestibular function can be made to experience motion sickness, although individual susceptibility varies widely and is at least partially heritable. Motorists learn to interpret sensory stimuli in the context of the car stabilized by its suspension and guided by steering. A type of motorist's disorientation occurs in some individuals who develop a heightened awareness of perceptions of motion in the automobile that makes them feel as though they may be rolling over on corners and as though they are veering on open highways or in streaming traffic. This article discusses the putative mechanisms, consequences and approach to managing patients with visual vertigo, motion sickness, and motorist's disorientation syndrome in the context of chronic dizziness and motion sensitivity.
Role of host excimer formation in the degradation of organic light-emitting devices
Authors: Newcomb Robert , Bangsund John S. , Hershey Kyle W. , Rathwell Dominea C. K. , Na Hong-Yeop , Jeon Jeong-Hwan , Trefonas Peter , Holmes Russell J.
Published: February 2020

Host-guest structures are used in most state-of-the-art organic light-emitting devices, with the host transporting charge and confining excitons on the guest. While the host often plays a critical role in achieving high efficiency and stability, predicting and understanding these effects is a persistent design challenge which slows the discovery of new active materials. Closely related host molecules, which differ only by several functional groups, often show drastically different degradation behavior. Here, we explore this observation for the archetypical carbazole hosts 4′-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (CBP) and 4,4′-bis(carbazole-9-yl)-2,2′-dimethylbiphenyl (CDBP). While devices based on these hosts show similar efficiencies, CDBP-based devices show a tenfold lower lifetime than CBP devices when paired with phosphorescent or fluorescent emitters. Using optically and electrically pumped degradation tests, mass spectrometry, compositional analysis, and low-temperature phosphorescence spectroscopy, the lifetimes of devices containing CDBP are shown to correlate with the formation of intermolecular triplet excimer states. These findings suggest that candidate host molecules should be screened for excimer formation as host excimers may aggravate device degradation and lower device stability.
Ga-, Y-, and Sc-substituted M-type ferrites for self-biasing circulators in LTCC microwave modules
Authors: Heidenreich Manuel , Ma Xinyi , Gitzel Wanja , Jacob Arne , Capraro Beate , Töpfer Jörg
Published: February 2020

The partial substitution of Fe3+ by diamagnetic Me3+ in BaMexFe12-xO19 with Me = Ga and Y (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) was studied. Samples were synthesized by the mixed-oxide route and their properties were compared to BaScxFe12-xO19 ferrites. It was shown by XRD that the hexagonal lattice parameters with x for Me = Ga and Sc vary continuously. For Me = Y no single-phase ferrites were obtained indicating that the solubility limit for Y in Ba ferrite is very limited. For Me = Ga and Sc, the saturation magnetization at room temperature is reduced with x. The coercivity as well as the ferromagnetic resonance frequency remain almost unchanged for Ga-substituted ferrites, whereas for Sc-substituted ferrites the coercivity and ferromagnetic resonance frequency decrease with x. Thick films of Sc-ferrite (x = 0.5) were screen-printed onto LTCC tape substrates and post-fired at 900°C. Application of a magnetic field during drying allows fabrication of textured ferrite layers. Alternatively, ferrite tapes and LTCC tapes were successfully co-fired at 900°C.
Angular dependence of strong field sequential double ionization for neon and acetylene simulated with time-dependent configuration interaction using CIS and CISD-IP
Authors: Lee Mi Kyung , Li Wen , Schlegel H. Bernhard
Published: February 2020

Strong field ionization is fundamentally important for attosecond spectroscopy and coherence control. However, the modeling beyond the single active electron approximation is still difficult. Time-dependent configuration interaction with singly excited configurations and a complex absorbing potential (TDCIS-CAP), can be used to simulate single and double ionization by intense laser fields. When the monocation does not have degenerate states, TDCIS-CAP starting from a Hartree–Fock calculation of the cation is suitable for simulating the second ionization step. When the monocation has two or more degenerate states, the simulations should treat these degenerate states equivalently. CISD-IP (single and double excitation configuration interaction with ionization) can be used to treat degenerate states of the cation on an equal footing by representing the cation wavefunctions with ionizing single (1 hole) and double (2 holes/1 particle) excitations from the neutral molecule. Since CISD-IP includes single excitations for each of the monocation states, time dependent CISD-IP with a complex absorbing potential (TDCISDIP-CAP) can also be used to simulate ionization to the dications states. In this work, TDCIS-CAP and TDCISDIP-CAP have been used to simulate the angular dependence of ionization of the neon cation and acetylene cation. In both cases, the second electron is ionized predominantly from an orbital perpendicular to the orbital involved in the first ionization. The TDCISDIP-CAP simulations show some features involving interactions between the monocation states that are not seen in the TDCIS-CAP simulations.
Mid-wavelength infrared high operating temperature pBn photodetectors based on type-II InAs/InAsSb superlattice
Authors: Wu Donghai , Li Jiakai , Dehzangi Arash , Razeghi Manijeh
Published: February 2020

A high operating temperature mid-wavelength infrared pBn photodetector based on the type-II InAs/InAsSb superlattice on a GaSb substrate has been demonstrated. At 150 K, the photodetector exhibits a peak responsivity of 1.48 A/W, corresponding to a quantum efficiency of 47% at −50 mV applied bias under front-side illumination, with a 50% cutoff wavelength of 4.4 µm. With an R × A of 12 783 Ω cm2 and a dark current density of 1.16 × 10−5 A/cm2 under −50 mV applied bias, the photodetector exhibits a specific detectivity of 7.1 × 1011 cm Hz1/2/W. At 300 K, the photodetector exhibits a dark current density of 0.44 A/cm2 and a quantum efficiency of 39%, resulting in a specific detectivity of 2.5 × 109 cm Hz1/2/W.
Controlling vertical magnetization shift by spin–orbit torque in ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic heterostructure
Authors: Zhou Z. P. , Liu X. H. , Wang K. Y.
Published: February 2020

We report the control of the vertical magnetization shift (VMS) and exchange bias through spin–orbit torque (SOT) in Pt/Co/Ir25Mn75/Co heterostructure devices. The exchange bias accompanying with a large relative VMS of about 30% is observed after applying a single pulse of 40 mA in a perpendicular field of 2 kOe. Furthermore, the field-free SOT-induced variations of VMS and exchange bias are also observed, which would be related to the effective built-in out-of-plane field due to unequal upward and downward interfacial spin populations. The SOT-induced switched fraction of out-of-plane interfacial spins shows a linear dependence on relative VMS, indicating that the number of uncompensated pinned spins is proportional to the switched interfacial spins. Our finding offers a comprehensive understanding for electrically manipulating interfacial spins of antiferromagnetic materials.
Impact of the thermal environment on the analog temporal response of HfOx-based neuromorphic devices
Authors: West Matthew P. , Basnet Pradip , Pahinkar Darshan G. , Montgomery Robert H. , Graham Samuel , Vogel Eric M.
Published: February 2020

Filamentary adaptive oxide devices based on HfOx are a promising technology for neuromorphic computing applications. The resistance of these devices depends on the concentration of oxygen vacancies in the filament region. A local temperature rise from joule heating plays a significant role in the movement of oxygen ions, making thermal management crucial to reliable performance. In this work, the role of the substrate thermal conductivity on the analog performance was investigated at biologically realistic pulse widths. Au/Ti/HfOx/Au adaptive oxide devices were fabricated on substrates with two orders of magnitude difference in thermal conductivity. A lower thermal conductivity substrate dissipates heat more slowly, resulting in a large initial change in resistance from a single operation pulse, which is detrimental to the desired analog behavior. The results were validated by a COMSOL Multiphysics® model that models the flow of heat in both samples.
Macropods, feral goats, sheep and cattle: 1. Equivalency in how much they eat
Authors: Pahl Lester
Published: February 2020

The extent to which goats and cattle eat equivalent amounts of forage as sheep has been based on their maintenance energy requirements (MERs) relative to a 50kg wether or dry ewe, known as a dry sheep equivalent (DSE). As such, a 50kg goat was considered 1 DSE and a 450kg steer as 7–8 DSE. In comparison, the DSE of macropods has been based on their basal metabolic rate (BMR) or energy expenditure of grazing (EEg) relative to those of sheep, with a 50kg macropod thought to be 0.7 and 0.45 DSE respectively. Based on published energy requirements of goats, macropods and cattle relative to sheep, their DSE values are estimated to be 1.2, 1.0 and 7.6 respectively. However, relative energy requirements may not be the same as relative dry matter intakes (DMIs), due to differences in forage quality, the structure of digestive tracts and selective foraging capabilities. Allometric equations that predict DMI were developed from published liveweights and intakes of sheep, goats, macropods and cattle. Given DMIs when fed high-quality forage, a 50kg goat was 1 DSE, a 50kg macropod was 0.7 DSE and a 450kg steer was 7.6 DSE. Their DMIs were depressed by 35–50% when fed low-quality forage, but a goat remained as 1 DSE, macropods increased to 1.0 DSE and cattle increased to 8.3 DSE. The capacity of macropods to maintain relatively higher DMIs of low-quality forage than sheep is probably due of their faster digesta passage rates and more expandable stomachs. These DMIs of animals provided ad-libitum quantities of similar forages in small pens are likely to differ from their DMIs when selectively grazing heterogeneous rangeland pastures. Under these conditions, sheep select higher-quality diets than cattle, and kangaroos select higher-quality diets than sheep, which increase the relative DMIs of the smaller herbivores. For this reason, a 50kg macropod is likely to be 1 DSE and consume twice as much forage than previously assumed.
Genomics of sorghum local adaptation to a parasitic plant
Authors: Bellis Emily S. , Kelly Elizabeth A. , Lorts Claire M. , Gao Huirong , DeLeo Victoria L. , Rouhan Germinal , Budden Andrew , Bhaskara Govinal B. , Hu Zhenbin , Muscarella Robert , Timko Michael P. , Nebie Baloua , Runo Steven M. , Chilcoat N. Doane , Juenger Thomas E. , Morris Geoffrey P. , dePamphilis Claude W. , Lasky Jesse R.
Published: February 2020

Host–parasite coevolution can maintain high levels of genetic diversity in traits involved in species interactions. In many systems, host traits exploited by parasites are constrained by use in other functions, leading to complex selective pressures across space and time. Here, we study genome-wide variation in the staple cropSorghum bicolor(L.) Moench and its association with the parasitic weedStriga hermonthica(Delile) Benth., a major constraint to food security in Africa. We hypothesize that geographic selection mosaics across gradients of parasite occurrence maintain genetic diversity in sorghum landrace resistance. Suggesting a role in local adaptation to parasite pressure, multiple independent loss-of-function alleles at sorghumLOW GERMINATION STIMULANT 1 (LGS1)are broadly distributed among African landraces and geographically associated withS. hermonthicaoccurrence. However, low frequency of these alleles withinS. hermonthica-prone regions and their absence elsewhere implicate potential trade-offs restricting their fixation.LGS1is thought to cause resistance by changing stereochemistry of strigolactones, hormones that control plant architecture and below-ground signaling to mycorrhizae and are required to stimulate parasite germination. Consistent with trade-offs, we find signatures of balancing selection surroundingLGS1and other candidates from analysis of genome-wide associations with parasite distribution. Experiments with CRISPR–Cas9-edited sorghum further indicate that the benefit ofLGS1-mediated resistance strongly depends on parasite genotype and abiotic environment and comes at the cost of reduced photosystem gene expression. Our study demonstrates long-term maintenance of diversity in host resistance genes across smallholder agroecosystems, providing a valuable comparison to both industrial farming systems and natural communities.
Decision between mitophagy and apoptosis by Parkin via VDAC1 ubiquitination
Authors: Ham Su Jin , Lee Daewon , Yoo Heesuk , Jun Kyoungho , Shin Heejin , Chung Jongkyeong
Published: February 2020

Significance

VDAC1 transports ions and small molecules at the mitochondrial outer membrane. In this study, we discover that Parkin, a frequently mutated Parkinson disease protein, ubiquitinates VDAC1 in two different manners, poly- and monoubiquitination. Interestingly, VDAC1 defective in polyubiquitination hinders Parkin-mediated mitophagy, but VDAC1 defective in monoubiquitination induces apoptosis. When VDAC1 deficient with monoubiquitination is expressed in mammalian cells and fruit fly, we observe increased mitochondrial calcium influx and apoptosis and typical in vivo phenotypes related to Parkinson disease, such as defective locomotive activity and loss of dopaminergic neurons. These results suggest that the dual regulation of mitophagy and apoptosis by Parkin via VDAC1 poly- and monoubiquitination is highly critical in protecting cells from the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease.
The primary mechanism of cytotoxicity of the chemotherapeutic agent CX-5461 is topoisomerase II poisoning
Authors: Bruno Peter M. , Lu Mengrou , Dennis Kady A. , Inam Haider , Moore Connor J. , Sheehe John , Elledge Stephen J. , Hemann Michael T. , Pritchard Justin R.
Published: February 2020

Small molecules can affect many cellular processes. The disambiguation of these effects to identify the causative mechanisms of cell death is extremely challenging. This challenge impacts both clinical development and the interpretation of chemical genetic experiments. CX-5461 was developed as a selective RNA polymerase I inhibitor, but recent evidence suggests that it may cause DNA damage and induce G-quadraplex formation. Here we use three complimentary data mining modalities alongside biochemical and cell biological assays to show that CX-5461 exerts its primary cytotoxic activity through topoisomerase II poisoning. We then show that acquired resistance to CX-5461 in previously sensitive lymphoma cells confers collateral resistance to the topoisomerase II poison doxorubicin. Doxorubicin is already a frontline chemotherapy in a variety of hematopoietic malignancies, and CX-5461 is being tested in relapse/refractory hematopoietic tumors. Our data suggest that the mechanism of cell death induced by CX-5461 is critical for rational clinical development in these patients. Moreover, CX-5461 usage as a specific chemical genetic probe of RNA polymerase I function is challenging to interpret. Our multimodal data-driven approach is a useful way to detangle the intended and unintended mechanisms of drug action across diverse essential cellular processes.
Pronunciation among adult Indigenous language learners
Authors: Bird Sonya
Published: February 2020

This paper describes the features that set adult Indigenous language learning apart from other types second
language learning, examining in particular the role that unique teaching and learning contexts might play in the acquisition of
pronunciation. As a case study, the pronunciation of SENĆOŦEN (Coast Salish) /t’/ is compared across four groups of speakers,
including two groups of adult learners. Acoustic analysis shows that /t’/, described as a weak ejective in previous work, is now
consistently realized as a strong ejective, especially among learners and teachers. These findings are discussed with reference to
factors relevant to language learning and teaching in general, as well as to ones relevant to Indigenous language learning and
teaching in particular.