bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation of Fracture Permeability Change in Production of
Pressure-sensitive Reservoirs with In-situ Stress Field
Authors: Gu Shaohua , Shi Yunqing , Chen Zhangxin
Published: November 2015

In pressure sensitive reservoirs, interaction effects among the porous media flow field, the fracture field and the
stress field can cause some specific flow characteristics entirely different from those in conventional reservoirs. Dynamic
fracture behavior is one of them, which generates a change in the value of fracture aperture and even a variation in the
anisotropy of permeability. In this paper, we focus on the dynamic behavior of fractures and some affecting factors, including
driving pressure and in-situ stress. Numerical discrete fracture network (DFN) models are built and solved by the
finite element method to investigate what the range-ability the fracture presents and what impact these affecting factors
have. In these mathematical models, both dynamic fractures and the fluid-solid coupling are taken into account, and a
stress-strain model, a flow field model and a fluid-solid coupling model are included. Based on the models, the variation
of fracture aperture in pressure sensitive reservoirs is studied and the results show that a different direction and
connectivity of fractures lead fracture dilation to varying degrees as pressure changes so that the idea of anisotropic fracture
porosity is proposed for reservoir scale simulation. The study also indicates that the drop of formation pressure determines
the conductivity of fractures and anisotropy of permeability but just has a slight impact on the direction of principal
permeability. Finally, the study shows the interaction of the in-situ stress pressure and the fracture field.
Suburban Composite Landscape Corridor Design Based on “Flow” Concept
in Dinghai District of Zhoushan
Authors: Wen Fang , Wang Zhu , He Yong
Published: November 2015

Dinghai district, the central area of Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, lies on the biggest island of Zhoushan Archipelago.
Owing to its marvelous island feature, Zhoushan has been attracting more and more people to Island Tourism, Agricultural
Tourism and Culture Tourism. Shuangxiao Road is a transportation line through suburban area connecting the
south to the north. However, the vicinity of Shuangxiao Road fails to afford the comprehensive suburban function to coordinate
urban areas with rural ones. This paper holds the opinion that Shuangxiao Road should not be treated as a road
with only transportation function, but also a composite corridor and should play an important role in integrating urban and
rural areas on landscape. Also, the concept "Flow" explains the crucial role of landscape corridor in suburban area. We investigate
the situation along Shuangxiao Road and find out the superior resources, environmental problems and landscape
potentials. Paying attention to important nodes and interfaces, with nodes renovation, facades reform and interfaces design,
this paper tries to regenerate the existing corridor to a novel composite one. The composite landscape corridor not
only improves the environmental conditions and conveys landscape features, but also enhances the integration of urban
and rural areas.
Flavonoids from the Fresh Leaves of Kalanchoe tomentosa (Crassulaceae)
Authors: Aisyah Lilis Siti , Yun Yenny Febriany , Julaeha Euis , Herlina Tati , Zainuddin Achmad , Hermawan Wawan , Supratman Unang , Hayashi Hideo
Published: November 2015

Flavonoids compounds such as kaempferol (1), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside or astragalin (2) and
kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside or afzelin (3) have been isolated from the fresh leaves of Kalanchoe tomentosa
(Crassulaceae). The chemical structure of isolated compounds 1-3 were identified by spectroscopic evidences and
comparison with those compound previously reported. Compounds 1-3 showed cytotoxic activity against P-388 murine
leukimia cells with IC50 values of 51.8, > 100 and 3.32 µg/mL, respectively.
An Overview on Polymethacrylate Polymers in Gastroretentive Dosage Forms
Authors: Gupta Pravin , Kumar Manish , Sachan Narsingh
Published: November 2015

Drugs with lower bioavailability need repeated dosing to reach the minimum effective therapeutic concentration in plasma. In order to retain the drug in upper part of gastro intestinal tract (GIT) which is the major absorption window for majority of drugs and also to have localized effect many advances in drug delivery were made. Researchers mainly emphasize on to get patient compliance by formulating single dose, targeted and minimal side effects dosage form. The design must give constant drug release for longer time period that could be achieved through proper selection of polymers. These approaches in dosage design may also be advantageous for local action, to prevent drug degradation, delivery of gastro-irritant, narrow absorption window drugs and to get pH dependent release throughout the GIT. Polymethacrylate polymers in different ratios are available for the above objective as they are inert materials, could stay for longer time and are resistant to body fluids. This review also discusses the physicochemical properties of different available grades along with their glass transition temperatures (Tg).
Separation of oil-in-water emulsions by flow through fiber beds: A response surface approach
Authors: Govedarica Dragan , Secerov-Sokolovic Radmila , Govedarica Olga , Sokolovic Dunja , Sinadinovic-Fiser Snezana
Published: November 2015

Separation of oil-in-water emulsions using fiber bed coalescer was studied by
response surface methodology. The bed was formed of polyethylene
terephthalate fibers. The aim was to investigate the possibility of using
response surface regression for the analysis and prediction of both the
effluent oil concentration and critical velocity in broad ranges of flow
rates, bed permeabilities, and nature of dispersed oil phase. The developed
response surface equations for a constant bed permeability are a responsive
statistical method with the calculated multiple R higher than 90%. It was
found that dispersed oil density, viscosity, neutralization number, and bed
permeability influence significantly the oil removal efficiency of fiber bed
coalescers. The region of highest critical velocity has been observed for a
high viscosity and a high fiber bed permeability. The developed response
surface models can be used to ensure high separation efficiency and improve
coalescer performance when unexpected simultaneous changes in the bed
permeability, hydrodynamic forces and dispersed oil properties take place.
The influence of thermal treatment on properties of kaolin
Authors: Erasmus Elizabeth
Published: November 2015

The kinetics of dehydroxylation of South African kaolin revealed that both
the inner and the surface hydroxyl groups disappear according to first order
kinetics, however, the surface group disappeared faster than the inner
groups, showing that diffusion control kinetics is also important. The
temperature dependent transformations of the kaolin was measure by means of
fractional conversion of the ratios between AlO6:AlO4 and Si-O-Al:Si-O-Si,
which showed kobs values 0.0168 s-1 and 0.0089 s-1 for the transformation to
the spinel phase and values of 0.0165 s-1 and 0.0156 s-1 for the
transformation to mullite respectively. The pozzolanic activities of the
kaolin calcined at different temperatures showed a maximum pozzolanic
activity when the kaolin is calcined at 650?C and the pozzolanic activity for
mullite is even less than for the uncalcined kaolin. XPS revealed that the
atomic ratio between Si and Al did not change from kaolin to metakaolin
(Si:Al = ca. 1.2) however the mullite showed a atomic ratio of Si:Al = 1.52,
implying that some deallumination occurred during calcination at high
temperatures.
Phosphate valorization by dry chlorination route
Authors: Kanari N. , Menad N. , Diot F. , Allain E. , Yvon J.
Published: November 2015

This work deals with the extraction of phosphorus chlorinated compounds from
phosphate materials using chlorination with gaseous chlorine. An industrial
sample of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, after transformation into calcium
pyrophosphate (Ca2P2O7), is subjected to reactions with Cl2+CO+N2 and
Cl2+C+N2 at temperatures ranging from 625 to 950?C using boat experiments.
Gathering results of the thermodynamic predictions and TG/DT analysis with
those of SEM and XRD examinations of the chlorinated residues allowed the
interpretation of phenomena and reactions mechanism occurring during the
calcium pyrophosphate carbochlorination. Reaction rate of Ca2P2O7 by
Cl2+CO+N2 at 950?C is slowed down due to the formation of a CaCl2 liquid
layer acting as a barrier for the diffusion of the reactive gases and further
reaction progress. While, the carbochlorination with Cl2+C+N2 led to almost
full chlorination of Ca2P2O7 at 750?C and the process proceeds with an
apparent activation energy of about 104 kJ/mol between 625 and 750?C.
Carbochlorination technique can be considered as an alternative and selective
route for the valorization of low grade phosphates and for the phosphorus
extraction from its bearing materials.
Effect of Group Medical Appointments on Glycemic Control of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Caballero Cora A. , Firek Anthony F. , Kashner Terrell Michael
Published: November 2015

Rationale. To evaluate the effectiveness of group medical appointments (GMAs) for patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective. To compare A1C levels of patients participating in GMAs to those of patients who received usual primary care.

Design and methods. This study was a retrospective electronic chart review comparing GMA care for 52 male patients to usual primary care for 52 male patients. Demographic (age, marital status, and ethnicity/race) and health-related (height, weight, BMI, duration of diabetes, use of alcohol and tobacco, and A1C) variables were analyzed.

Results. A greater proportion of GMA patients (50%) versus usual primary care patients (19.2%) reached target A1C goals (P = 0.001). GMA participants also had a significantly faster rate of decline in A1C over time compared to usual primary care patients (P < 0.001).

Conclusion. This study demonstrated that the concept of medical management delivered in a group approach had a positive effect on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. GMAs were found to be an effective approach to achieving patient-centered goals for improving the glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Does Kindness Matter? Diabetes, Depression, and Self-Compassion: A Selective Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Friis Anna M. , Consedine Nathan S. , Johnson Malcolm H.
Published: November 2015

Depression and severe psychological distress are frequently comorbid with diabetes and are associated with reduced adherence to medication and healthy lifestyle regimens, poorer glycemic control, and increased complications. The mixed success of existing treatments for depression in diabetes patients suggests a need for supplementary approaches to this common problem. This article reviews recent evidence for the benefits of self-compassion in chronically ill patients, suggesting its utility as a clinical tool for improving self-care, depression, and glycemic control in diabetes. Possible physical and psychological pathways by which self-compassion may promote better outcomes in diabetes patients are considered, with particular attention given to reductions in negative self-judgment and improved motivation to undertake self-care.
Nontraditional Considerations With Insulin Needle Length Selection
Authors: O’Neal Katherine S. , Johnson Jeremy , Swar Sajidah
Published: November 2015

Ensuring the correct delivery of insulin is essential in the treatment of diabetes. Both proper injection technique and needle length are important considerations for adequate insulin delivery. There have been several studies demonstrating that BMI does not affect efficacy or insulin leakage with shorter pen needles (e.g., 4 or 5 mm vs. 12.7 mm). Additionally, the International Scientific Advisory Board for the Third Injection Technique Workshop released recommendations in 2010 on best practices for injection technique for patients with diabetes, which, with regard to needle length, concluded that 4-mm pen needles were efficacious in all patients regardless of BMI. However, regardless of patients’ BMI, insulin injection technique should always be assessed and physically disabling comorbid conditions taken into consideration when choosing a needle length that will be manageable for patients. The purpose of this article is to raise awareness of unique patient circumstances that may warrant the use of the longer 12.7-mm needle.
Interdisciplinary Diabetes Care: A New Model for Inpatient Diabetes Education
Authors: Hardee Sandra G. , Osborne Kim Crickmore , Njuguna Njeri , Allis Dustin , Brewington Daphne , Patil Shivajirao P. , Hofler Linda , Tanenberg Robert J.
Published: November 2015

A patient-centered interdisciplinary diabetes care model was implemented at Vidant Medical Center in Greenville, N.C., a 909-bed tertiary care teaching hospital, for the purpose of providing all patients with diabetes clear and concise instructions on diabetes survival skills. Survival skills education during hospitalization is needed for safe transition to community resources for continued and expanded diabetes self-management education. This article describes the process used to develop, implement, and evaluate the model. This initiative achieved substantial cost savings, with no significant changes in length of stay (LOS) or diabetes readmission rates. This patient-centered model demonstrates how a team of interdisciplinary health care professionals can integrate services in providing care for a large population of patients with chronic disease.
Oil Extraction from Oil-Contaminated Drill Cuttings Using a Recyclable Single-Phase O/W Microemulsion
Authors: Huang Xianbin , Jiang Guancheng , Deng Zhengqiang
Published: November 2015

Oil-contaminated drill cuttings (OCDCs), often regarded as hazardous wastes, pose several environmental problems. Conventional methods exhibit certain drawbacks and limitations when used onsite. This paper developed a single-phase O/W microemulsion as a detergent and a practical processing method to treat OCDCs. The experimental results demonstrated that the oil retention could be reduced to a level that will allow offshore disposal. The used microemulsion and rinse water could be reused. The washed-out oil could be recycled to prepare oil based drilling fluid again when mixing with the same amount or greater of fresh base oil. Thus, the entire process of treatment was similar to microemulsion extraction.

In the experiments, surfactant mixtures of sodium alcohol ether sulfate and n-butyl lactate were shown to form Winsor type I and type III microemulsions with N-pentyl propionate and linear Alpha Olefins C14 in the oil phase using a salinity scan. Two optimum formulas selected by the detergency performance were identified next to Winsor type III but still inside the Winsor type IV region, which is different from the lowest interfacial tension. By studying contact angle changes, one possible reason for this phenomenon was that for Winsor type III microemulsion, the higher concentration of surfactants cannot be washed away thoroughly with limited rinse water. The oil removal mechanism was also analyzed.
Effect of Sodium Taurocholate on Aggregation Behavior of Amphiphilic Drug Solution
Authors: Kumar Dileep , Rub Malik Abdul
Published: November 2015

The aggregation behavior of promazine hydrochloride (PMZ) and bile salt (sodium taurocholate (NaTC)) mixtures at various compositions and temperature in pure and mixed states were studied using conductometry technique in aqueous solutions. The values of experimental and ideal critical micelle concentration (cmc and cmcid) propose attractive interactions in PMZ-NaTC mixtures. By applying the regular solution theory (RST) various physicochemical parameter such as micellar mole fraction in the mixed (X1) and ideal (X1id) state, interaction parameters (β), thermodynamic parameters of micellization as well as other related parameters have been evaluated and discussed in detail. The results show that the synergistic effect between drug and bile salt plays a crucial role in the redtdprefuction of the overall cmc value in aqueous solution at various composition of NaTC. The thermodynamic parameters recommend the discharge of water from the hydrophobic part of the PMZ at higher temperatures.
Magnetic Properties of Polyaniline/ZFe2O4 Nanocomposites Synthesized in CTAB as Surfactant and Ionic Liquid
Authors: Benabdellah Abdelkader , Belarbi H. , Ilikti Hocine , Benabdallah Tayeb , Hatti Mustapha
Published: November 2015

Polyaniline (PANI-EB) containing ZFe2O4(Z is an element in a divalent state; Z2+= Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+) nanocomposites were successfully synthesized by using 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bromide [BMIM]Br and cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) viain situpolymerization. Structural, morphological, spectroscopic and magnetic properties were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) respectively. The presence of polyaniline, [BMIM]Br and CTAB on the surface of the ZFe2O4nanoparticles was confirmed with FTIR. The purity of the products was proved by XRD. The results of thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the addition of ZFe2O4nanoparticles to PANI improved the thermal stability of the nanocomposites. The magnetization curves verify that the sample has ferromagnetic behavior at the temperature of 400 K. Magnetic measurements revealed that product has uniaxial anisotropy instead of expected cubic anisotropy according to the Stoner-Wohlfarth model.
Detection of Extended Spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL) producing Bacteria in Urban Hospitals of Bangladesh
Authors: Alim R , Miah MRA , Saleh AA , Bari MS
Published: November 2015

Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2010; 03 (02): 4-8
A Prospective Study on the Effectiveness of Arsenic Trioxide (ATO) in Remission Induction of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL)
Authors: Anis Mohammad Abdullah Al , Khan Mohiuddin Ahmed , Afrosa Salma , Islam M Sirajul , Biswas Akhil Ranjan , Ara Tasnim , Ali Muhammad , Islam Manirul , Naznin Humayra , Akhter Mafruha , Islam AKM Mynul , Kamruzzaman Muhammad , Zubayer Abdullah Az
Published: November 2015

Background: Arsenic Trioxide (ATO) as a single agent, has proven efficacy in inducing molecular remission in patients with Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL). It is commonly used to treat relapsed APL. But there is Limited study on ATO in the management of newly diagnosed cases of APL. The concerned study was done to evaluate the effectiveness and outcome of ATO in remission induction of new cases of APL in the context of a limited resource hospital in Bangladesh.Methods: From March 2008 to March 2010, 20 patients with Promyelocytic Leukemia (PML) / Retinoic Acid Receptor ? (RAR ?) + newly diagnosed APL were enrolled. All patients were treated with a regimen of single-agent arsenic trioxide till remission at our center. After remission the regimen was administered on outpatient basis.Results: Overall 15 (75%) patients achieved complete hematological remission. 12 (80%) patients achieved molecular remission after induction phase and 3 (20%) after completion of consolidation phase. At a median follow up of 36 months (Range 25 -44 months), Disease Free Survival (DFS) and Overall Survival (OS) 86.6% and 85.3% respectively. Relatively young patients with long form of t (15;17) had shown good response with this response. However, the response is slower than All Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA). Patients presenting with high White Blood Cell (WBC) count, low platelet count, variable form of t (15;17) are found to respond poorly. The toxicity profile, in the majority, was mild and reversible. Treatment cost was also reduced than that of conventional regimen.Conclusion: Single-agent arsenic trioxide as used in this study in the management of newly diagnosed cases of APL is safe, cost beneficent and is associated with durable responses. But additional interventions as combining ATRA with ATO would probably required in high risk cases.Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.14 (2); Jul 2015; Page 5-10
Use of Intravenous Ketorolac as Postoperative Analgesic in Neonates: A Prospective Study in Chittagong, Bangladesh
Authors: Parveen Mosammat Kohinoor , Jahangir Selim Md , Haque Mahmudul , Islam Md Mahabubul , Chowdhury Rebecca , Ferdous Jannatul , Banu Tahmina
Published: November 2015

Introduction: Painful exposures have the potential for deleterious consequences upon neonates. Although Opioids and NSAIDs play important role in postoperative pain control, those are associated with side effects. We have studied use of ketorolac as postoperative analgesic in Bangladeshi neonates.Methods: This prospective study was undertaken in the Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chittagong Medical College, Chittagong, Bangladesh from July 2013 to June 2014. All postoperative neonates received either ketorolac intravenously or acetaminophen per rectally every 8 hrs for 72hrs. Pain was assessed every 8 hours and as-needed basis by CRIES scale.Results: Out of 60 patients, 30 patients were in Ketorolac group and 30 in Acetaminophen group. Pain score was significantly low in Ketorolac group. However, heart rate, respiratory rate and temperature did not change much in either group. Four patients had unusual bleeding tendency in Ketorolac group and bleeding time in this group was significantly low on 1st postoperative day. Serum creatinine showed no significant change in either group. Two patients in each group developed edema. One patient in each group expired due to sepsis.Conclusions: Ketorolac has better analgesic efficacy than acetaminophen as postoperative analgesic in neonates, although associated with bleeding tendency.Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.14 (2); Jul 2015; Page 11-16
Brachial Plexus Anaesthesia: A Comparative Study on Supraclavicular Subclavian Perivascular Technique with the Axillary Transarterial Technique with A Tourniquet
Authors: Roshid Mohammad Harun Or , Sharif Mohammad , Uddin Md Nizam , Ahmed Sheikh Rukun Uddin , Begum Shamim Ara , Datta Pronoy Kumar , Alam AKM Shamsul
Published: November 2015

Objectives : To make a comparative evaluation of efficacy of brachial plexus blockade between supraclavicular subclavian perivascular technique and axillary transarterial technique with a tourniquet and also to compare the latency & potency of the block, to ascertain the risks of complications between the techniques and to compare the haemodynamic stability of the patient.Methods : For this purpose a total of 100 undergoing surgery for distal to the midarm. They were randomly selected by odd and even numbering method. These patients were divided into two groups (Group A: subclavian perivascular supraclavicular technique bearing all the odds numbers and Group B: transarterial axillary technique with a tourniquet bearing all the even numbers; fifty patients in each group.Results : The only exception is the mean on set time of sensory block was 11.0±2.6 minutes and 14.3±2.1 minutes in Group A and Group B respectively. The mean on set time of motor block were 18.3±3.9 minutes in Group A and 21.4±3.2 minutes in Group B. So the mean on set time of sensory block and motor block were statistically significant (p<0.05). Most of the patients found complete sensory block and complete motor block between two groups and no significant (p>0.05) difference was found in the present study. Adequate efficacy of block were predominate in both groups and no significant (p>0.05) difference was found. The level of satisfaction of surgeon and it was found that 92.0% in Group A and 94.0% in Group B were satisfied. Patients co-operation was found 92.0% and 94.0% in Group A and Group B respectively. No significant (p>0.05) difference were found in terms of surgeon satisfaction and patients cooperation between two groups.Conclusion : It can be concluded that the supraclavicular subclavian perivascular technique and axillary transarterial technique with a tourniquet both are equally effective and safe method for providing brachial plexus block distal to midarm (Lower half of the arm, elbow, forearm and hand).Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.14 (2); Jul 2015; Page 21-26
Faulty Breast Feeding Practice : A Risk Factor in Malnourished Children
Authors: Sen Sukhendu Shekhar , Sharma Jhulan Das , Das Dhananjoy , Iqbal Shahed , Badruddoza Md
Published: November 2015

Background: The predominant form of malnutrition is commonly called proteincalorie malnutrition. Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) is still a major health problem in children of developing countries including Bangladesh. The causes of malnutrition are multifactorial including nutritional factors, socioeconomic factors, health status of the mothers and repeated infections in children.Objective: To explore the information regarding the breast feeding practices of children suffering from Protein-Energy Malnutrition.Methods: This case control study was conducted in Chittagong Medical College Hospital from November 2006 to April 2007. A total of 65 controls and 65 cases were selected consecutively for the purpose of the study. Their mothers were interviewed with help of structured questionnaire containing all the variables of interest to attain the study objectives. The test statistics used to analyze the data were descriptive statistics and Chi-square (c2) or Fishers Exact Probability Test.Results: A significantly higher frequency of cases (67.7%) were given pre-lacteal feed, predominantly honey and sugar-water compared to control group (41.5%) (p = 0.008). Nearly 100% of controls were given colostrums compared to 75% of the cases. About one-third (31.3%) of the cases was exclusively breast-fed in comparison to 58.5% of the control group (p = 0.003). Over onequarter (27.7%) of the control were breast-fed upto 6 months of age, as opposed to only 1.5% cases (p < 0.001). Duration of predominant breast feeding for more than 6 months of age was also significantly higher in control group than that in case group (p = 0.001). Breast milk substitutes demonstrate their significant presence in cases (38.5%) than that in controls (9%) (p = 0.003).Conclusion: The study showed that rejection of colostrums, practice of prelacteal feeding, delayed initiation of breast feeding, early cessation of exclusive breast feeding and use of formula milk all were significantly higher in the malnourished group of children than those in their normal counterpart.Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.14 (2); Jul 2015; Page 43-47
Clinical Profile and Management Option of Fibroid Uterus Patient
Authors: Akhter Muslina , Salam A , Anwar Khairul , Alam Monirul , Shoma Asma Kabir , Salim Md
Published: November 2015

Background: Fibroids are the most common benign tumours of smooth muscle cells of uterus in females and typically found during the middle and later reproductive years. As fibroid is an estrogen and progesterone dependent tumour, it gradually decreases in size during starting of menopause. The objective of this presented study was to determine management options among fibroid uterus patients.Methods: 50 number of patients were included in this study those whos age of 20-55, with symptomatic uterine fibroid and undergone hysterectomy or myomectomy. Postmenopausal, Pregnancy and Asymptomatic fibroid were excluded from this study.Results: The study showed that 52 percent of patient having fibroid uterus were belonged to 31-40 years of age. The mean age was 41.2±6.07. The majority 74% of patients in this study presented with menstrual abnormalities, 40% presented with abdominal lump. Dysmenorrhoea was 26%, 6% patient had primary subfertility and 14% secondary subfertility. Total Abdominal Hysterectomy (TAH) with unilateral salpingo- oophorectomy done in 10% cases, TAH with bilateral salpinooophorectomy in 22% cases, non descent vaginal hysterectomy in 6% cases, myomectomy done in 20% cases and polypectomy was done in 2% cases.Conclusion: Uterine fibroids are very common in women and frequently in late reproductive and perimenopausal years. It is also a common gynecological problem in our country, which frequently disturbs the lives of woman. Women now have choice of therapies for the treatment of fibroids.Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.14 (2); Jul 2015; Page 48-51
Lithium Toxicity in an Elderly Women within Normal Therapeutic Range : A Case Report
Authors: Mahmood Farhana
Published: November 2015

Toxic effects of lithium are usually related to high serum levels. However, several cases of significant toxicity have occurred in patients whose serum levels fell within the normal therapeutic range. Such cases are rare, but individual variations may occur and clinical judgment rather than serum levels must determine the management. A 67 years old female with bipolar disorder on lithium was admitted with an acute confusional state, tremor, restlessness, increased nausea, slurred speech, polyuria and diarrhoea. Lithium level found to be 0.6 mmol/L that is in normal range. Neurotoxicity could be suspected at serum lithium levels which are considered therapeutic in young adults.Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.14 (2); Jul 2015; Page 78-79
Musculoskeletal Consequences of Systemic Corticosteroid Misuse in a Patient with Psoriasis
Authors: Uddin Mohammad Moin , Khan Aminuddin A , Sultana Nusrat , Taslim Abu
Published: November 2015

This is a case history of a patient with psoriasis with indiscriminate systemic corticosteroid use for a prolonged period. A single patient can be victim of multiple deleterious effects of corticosteroids. The aim of this case discussion is not only to describe the myriads of sequels of corticosteroid misuse effecting musculoskeletal system severely but simultaneously to rethink about prescription of steroid in psoriasis, too.Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.14 (2); Jul 2015; Page 80-82
HELLP SYNDROME  A diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Yeasmin Salma , Nazneen Rumana , Akhter Shirin , Jahan Naseem
Published: November 2015

Abstract not availableNorthern International Medical College Journal Vol.7(1) Jul 2015: 87-90
Dealing with Intellectually Disabled Children
Authors: Islam Saad , Islam Saba
Published: November 2015

Abstract not availableNorthern International Medical College Journal Vol.7(1) Jul 2015: 91-93
Clinical Spectrum and Outcome of Childhood IgA Nephropathy - A Single Centre Experience
Authors: Rumana Jubaida , Iyengar Arpana , Vasudevan Anil
Published: November 2015

Background : IgA nephropathy (IgA N) is one of the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. Although there is paucity of data on the clinical spectrum and outcome of childhood IgA nephropathy in India as well as South Asia.Objective : The aim of this retrospective study was to describe the clinical spectrum, histological findings, and outcome of the children with IgA nephropathy.Methods : This retrospective study was conducted at Peadiatric Nephrology Department of St Johns medical college Hospital, Bangalore India. Fifteen children with histopathologically proven diagnosis of IgA N between 2010 to 2013 were included for analysis. The baseline demographics, along with clinical data, laboratory and renal biopsy details at the time of presentation and during follow up were retrieved from patient case records. Renal biopsy was classified based on Hass classification. All patients with class III and IV received immunosuppressive therapy while the rest received ACE inhibitors or no specific therapy.Results : Among the 15 patients with IgA N, male to female ratio was 1:2 .The average age at presentation was 10 years (range 4½ years to 15 years) and the median follow up was 9 months (Inter Quartile range- 21 months). The most common clinical presentation was nephritic features with nephrotic range proteinuria (60%) followed by isolated gross hematuria (20%). The age at presentation was not associated with a specific clinical presentation. Ten patients had abnormal Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) at the time of presentation. The renal biopsy revealed class III in 3 patients, class IV in 3 patients and class V in 3 patients. There was no correlation between histopathology and clinical presentation. Class I which was most common histopathology type (seen in 40% of biopsies) was associated with various clinical presentations. At the last follow up 53% and 27% children were in complete and partial remission respectively, also 20% children progressed to Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).Conclusion : In this study of children with IgA N, the most common presentation was nephritic features with nephrotic range proteinuria and the most common histopathology feature was Class I. IgA N is associated with significant morbidity as 27 % of children at last follow up were in partial remission or 20 % progressed to CKD.Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.7(1) Jul 2015: 97-100
Challenging the State: Exegetical Translation in Opposition to the Official Religious Discourse of the Indonesian State
Authors: Ikhwan Munirul
Published: November 2015

The democratic climate following the fall of the Soharto regime in 1998 paved the way for the various elements of Indonesian society to re-evaluate the best way forwards for the country, which is characterised by cultural and ethnic diversity. New groups and Islamic movements came into being and made public calls for the official implementation of Sharīʿa law as the only solution to the political and economic crises gripping the country. Because these Islamists were not successful in amending the constitution through political struggle, many of them turned to social and cultural activities. This article will discuss the attempts of Muhammad Thalib, the leader of the Majelis Mujahidin and author of al-Qurʾan tarjama tafisiriyah, to critique the official government translation of the Qur'an, al-Qur'an dan terjemahnya. This article will discuss how Muhammad Thalib's translation aimed to de-legitimise the official religious discourse of the state, so that his own al-Qur'an tarjama tafsiriyah might become the most influential religious discourse in the opinion of the general public, and be perceived as the authentic call to Islam.
Muslim Translators and Translations of the Qur'an into English
Authors: Wild Stefan
Published: November 2015

Until the 1940s, English translations of the Qur'an were (with the notable exception of translations by Indian Muslims early in the twentieth century) mostly undertaken by non-Muslims and viewed with some misgiving by most Muslim scholars. As late as 1929 the Egyptian al-Azhar, internationally regarded as the most prestigious Muslim organisation in the world, publically burnt a translation of the Qur'an, even though it had been translated by a Muslim. It was only well after the Second World War that the Egyptian authorities officially allowed the publication of a translation of the Qur'an.

More recently, English translations by Muslims have proliferated and now flourish worldwide: as far as the number of Qur'an-translations is concerned, no other language is better represented. However, diverging English translations of the Qur'an have become more and more of a religious and political battleground. This article discusses the development of English from a ‘coloniser's language’ to an English ‘friendly to Islam’ – especially in India and Pakistan. It also sketches the impact of Christian missionary translations of the Qur'an into English and discusses the problems faced by scholars with regard to English as a powerful second language, specifically in terms of the King Fahd Complex for Printing the Holy Qur'an in Saudi Arabia, which has gradually taken prominence over Al-Azhar on the international stage since the 1980s.
Contribution of TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Gel in the Formation of Flower-Like Zinc Oxide Superstructures: Characterization of the TOCgel/ZnO Composite Films
Authors: Jradi Khalil , Maury Chloé , Daneault Claude
Published: November 2015

In the present paper, we report on a simple and new approach for the synthesis of hierarchical flower-like zinc oxide superstructures ZnO (FL) in the presence of the TEMPO-oxidized cellulose gel (TOCgel) through a room temperature sol-gel process in aqueous medium. Resulting composite films based on TOCgel and ZnO were investigated by several techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and mechanical tests. SEM images demonstrated the formation of well-shaped flower-like ZnO superstructures within the fibrous structure of the TOCgel with a uniform diameter (~5 μm). FTIR and XPS results clearly confirmed the formation of such ZnO structures. We suggested that the carboxylate groups of TOCgel fibers act as capping agents and promote the construction of such flower-like ZnO via a nucleation-growth process. A proposed mechanism based on the oriented attachment-driven growth was discussed in order to explain the formation of ZnO (FL). The photocatalytic activity of the TOCgel/ZnO composite in the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV irradiation was clearly confirmed. Finally, mechanical tests demonstrated that the former TOCgel/ZnO film maintained a good flexibility (bent up to ~120°) without losing its photocatalytic activity.
The Effect of Trifluoroethanol and Glycerol on the Thermal Properties of Collagen Using Optical Displacement-Enhanced Heterodyne Polarimeter
Authors: Wu Chien-Ming , Chen Horn-Haw , Tseng Kai-Han , Chen Hung-Wei
Published: November 2015

An angular displacement-enhanced heterodyne polarimeter has been employed to investigate the interplay between trifluoroethanol (TFE) and glycerol on the thermal denaturation of type I collagen. The concentration of the collagen solution was fixed at 0.341 (mg/mL), and was heated from 25 °C to 55 °C. TFE solutions with concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 40% and 80% (v/v) were prepared and the phase change was recorded for the determination of thermal denaturation. It was observed that the thermal denaturation temperature (Td) is decreased with increasing TFE concentration due to the partial cleavage of the triple-helical structure. With TFE concentration higher than 20% (v/v), the degree of optical rotation appears to be nearly the same, reflecting that the collagen triple helices have been completely destructed. Moreover, the addition of glycerol in inhibiting the thermal denaturation of collagen is investigated. It has been shown that glycerol can improve the thermal denaturation of both collagen and TFE-mixed collagen. Experimental results show that, in the presence of 2 M glycerol, the Td of collagen remained at around 41.9 °C, meanwhile the Td of 20% (v/v) TFE-mixed collagen is significantly restored to 32.8 °C.
Polypropylene/Graphene and Polypropylene/Carbon Fiber Conductive Composites: Mechanical, Crystallization and Electromagnetic Properties
Authors: Huang Chien-Lin , Lou Ching-Wen , Liu Chi-Fan , Huang Chen-Hung , Song Xiao-Min , Lin Jia-Horng
Published: November 2015

This study aims to examine the properties of composites that different carbon materials with different measurements can reinforce. Using a melt compounding method, this study combines polypropylene (PP) and graphene nano-sheets (GNs) or carbon fiber (CF) to make PP/GNs and PP/CF conductive composites, respectively. The DSC results and optical microscopic observation show that both GNs and CF enable PP to crystalize at a high temperature. The tensile modulus of PP/GNs and PP/CF conductive composites remarkably increases as a result of the increasing content of conductive fillers. The tensile strength of the PP/GNs conductive composites is inversely proportional to the loading level of GNs. Containing 20 wt% of GNs, the PP/GNs conductive composites have an optimal conductivity of 0.36 S/m and an optimal EMI SE of 13 dB. PP/CF conductive composites have an optimal conductivity of 10−6 S/m when composed of no less than 3 wt% of CF, and an optimal EMI SE of 25 dB when composed of 20 wt% of CF.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Some Novel Thioethers Containing 1,2,4-Triazole Moiety
Authors: Min Li-Jing , Shi Yan-Xia , Wu Hong-Ke , Sun Zhao-Hui , Liu Xing-Hai , Li Bao-Ju , Zhang Yong-Gang
Published: November 2015

A series of novel thioether derivatives containing 1,2,4-triazole moiety were designed and synthesized from 4-chlorophenol and ethyl 2-chloroacetate as starting materials by multi-step reactions under microwave irradiation, and their structures were characterized by 1H-NMR, MS and elemental analysis. The antifungal activity of title compounds was determined. The results indicated that some of title compounds exhibited moderate antifungal activity.
Agent Based Fuzzy T-S Multi-Model System and Its Applications
Authors: Zhao Xiaopeng
Published: November 2015

Based on the basic concepts of agent and fuzzy T-S model, an agent based fuzzy T-S multi-model (ABFT-SMM) system is proposed in this paper. Different from the traditional method, the parameters and the membership value of the agent can be adjusted along with the process. In this system, each agent can be described as a dynamic equation, which can be seen as the local part of the multi-model, and it can execute the task alone or collaborate with other agents to accomplish a fixed goal. It is proved in this paper that the agent based fuzzy T-S multi-model system can approximate any linear or nonlinear system at arbitrary accuracy. The applications to the benchmark problem of chaotic time series prediction, water heater system and waste heat utilizing process illustrate the viability and the efficiency of the mentioned approach. At the same time, the method can be easily used to a number of engineering fields, including identification, nonlinear control, fault diagnostics and performance analysis.
Human Health Impact of Natural and Artificial Radioactivity Levels in the Sediments and Fish of Bonny Estuary, Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Babatunde Bolaji , Sikoki Francis , Hart Ibitoruh
Published: November 2015

There is widespread contamination of the environment of the Niger Delta, which may include enhanced background levels of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) due to oil production and rapid urbanization activities. Sediments and seafood from the Bonny estuary, Niger Delta, were collected for the purpose of determining baseline data on artificial and natural radioactivity and estimation of effective doses for the public due to ingestion of seafood from the study area. The highest and lowest activity concentrations were reported for 40K and 137Cs in both sediments and fish samples of the Bonny estuary. There was some evidence of spatial variability in the 40K and 137Cs data, with the latter being the likely result of dredging. Other radionuclides were not significantly different between sites impacted by industrial activities or not. Activity of radionuclides measured in the sediments of the study area were higher than reported elsewhere in the Niger Delta and Nigeria and higher than reported global averages by UNSCEAR. The total highest activity concentration in all fish species of gamma emitting radionuclides was observed for 40K, followed by 238U, 232Th and 226Ra, respectively, while 137Cs had the lowest activity concentration. However, 210Po activities were the most important in terms of dose contribution. Consumption of molluscs at typical rates could result in doses exceeding 1 mSv·y−1. Although this baseline data may not be conclusive on prevailing trends in radioactivity in the study area, higher consumption rates of the species studied may have public health consequences due to effects of low dose ionising radiation.
A Survey of the Relationship between Climatic Heat Stress Indices and Fundamental Milk Components Considering Uncertainty
Authors: Milani Mohammad , Hense Andreas , Rahmani Elham , Ploeger Angelika
Published: November 2015

The main purpose of this study is to assess the relationship between four bioclimatic indices for cattle (environmental stress, heat load, modified heat load, and respiratory rate predictor indices) and three main milk components (fat, protein, and milk yield) considering uncertainty. The climate parameters used to calculate the climate indices were taken from the NASA-Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (NASA-MERRA) reanalysis from 2002 to 2010. Cow milk data were considered for the same period from April to September when the cows use the natural pasture. The study is based on a linear regression analysis using correlations as a summarizing diagnostic. Bootstrapping is used to represent uncertainty information in the confidence intervals. The main results identify an interesting relationship between the milk compounds and climate indices under all climate conditions. During spring, there are reasonably high correlations between the fat and protein concentrations vs. the climate indices, whereas there are insignificant dependencies between the milk yield and climate indices. During summer, the correlation between the fat and protein concentrations with the climate indices decreased in comparison with the spring results, whereas the correlation for the milk yield increased. This methodology is suggested for studies investigating the impacts of climate variability/change on food and agriculture using short term data considering uncertainty.
Linear and Quadratic Interpolators Using Truncated-Matrix Multipliers and Squarers
Authors: Walters III E.
Published: November 2015

This paper presents a technique for designing linear and quadratic interpolators for function approximation using truncated multipliers and squarers. Initial coefficient values are found using a Chebyshev-series approximation and then adjusted through exhaustive simulation to minimize the maximum absolute error of the interpolator output. This technique is suitable for any function and any precision up to 24 bits (IEEE single precision). Designs for linear and quadratic interpolators that implement the 1/x, 1/ √ x, log2(1+2x), log2(x) and 2x functions are presented and analyzed as examples. Results show that a proposed 24-bit interpolator computing 1/x with a design specification of ±1 unit in the last place of the product (ulp) error uses 16.4% less area and 15.3% less power than a comparable standard interpolator with the same error specification. Sixteen-bit linear interpolators for other functions are shown to use up to 17.3% less area and 12.1% less power, and 16-bit quadratic interpolators are shown to use up to 25.8% less area and 24.7% less power.
FactorsR: An RWizard Application for Identifying the Most Likely Causal Factors in Controlling Species Richness
Authors: Guisande Cástor , Heine Juergen , García-Roselló Emilio , González-Dacosta Jacinto , Perez-Schofield Baltasar , González-Vilas Luis , Vaamonde Antonio , Lobo Jorge
Published: November 2015

We herein present FactorsR, an RWizard application which provides tools for the identification of the most likely causal factors significantly correlated with species richness, and for depicting on a map the species richness predicted by a Support Vector Machine (SVM) model. As a demonstration of FactorsR, we used an assessment using a database incorporating all species of terrestrial carnivores, a total of 249 species, distributed across 12 families. The model performed with SVM explained 91.9% of the variance observed in the species richness of terrestrial carnivores. Species richness was higher in areas with both higher vegetation index and patch index, i.e., containing higher numbers of species whose range distribution is less fragmented. Lower species richness than expected was observed in Chile, Madagascar, Sumatra, Taiwan, and Sulawesi.