bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enlarged cavum septum pellucidum and small thymus as markers for 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Gaiser Kimberly B. , Schindewolf Erica M. , Conway Laura J. , Coleman Beverly G. , Oliver Edward R. , Rychik Jack R. , Debari Suzanne E. , Mcdonald‐Mcginn Donna M. , Zackai Elaine H. , Moldenhauer Julie S. , Gebb Juliana S.
Published: March 2024

Background

Enlarged cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) and hypoplastic thymus are proposed extra‐cardiac fetal markers for 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. We sought to determine if they were part of the fetal phenotype of our cohort of fetuses with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

Methods

Case‐control study of fetuses evaluated from 2016 to 2022. The study group included fetuses with laboratory confirmation of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. The control group included pregnancies with conotruncal cardiac anomalies with normal microarray as well as structurally normal fetuses with normal microarray. The CSP and thymus were routinely measured during anatomical ultrasound in all patients at their initial visit at 27.1 ± 4.7 weeks. The CSP and thymus measurements were classified as abnormal if they were >95% or <5% for gestational age, respectively. The groups were compared using analysis of variance or Kruskal‐Wallis for continuous variables and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. Logistic regression was performed, and a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed.

Results

We identified 47 fetuses with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and compared them to 47 fetuses with conotruncal anomalies and normal microarray and 47 structurally normal fetuses with normal microarray. 51% (24/47) of fetuses with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome had an enlarged CSP compared to 6% (3/47) of fetuses with a conotruncal anomaly and normal microarray and none of the structurally normal fetuses (p < 0.001). Of the fetuses with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, 83% (39/47) had a hypoplastic or absent thymus compared to 9% (4/47) of the fetuses with a conotruncal anomaly and normal microarray and none of the structurally normal fetuses (p < 0.001). 87% (41/47) of the fetuses with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome had conotruncal cardiac anomalies. Logistic regression revealed that both enlarged CSP and hypoplastic/absent thymus were associated with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. The area under the ROC curve for the two markers was 0.94.

Conclusion

An enlarged CSP and hypoplastic/absent thymus appear to be part of the fetal phenotype of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. These markers are associated with conotruncal anomalies in the setting of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome but not in normal controls or fetuses with conotruncal defects and normal microarrays.
Pulmonary Hypertension: Intensification and Personalization of Combination Rx (PHoenix): A phase IV randomized trial for the evaluation of dose‐response and clinical efficacy of riociguat and selexipag using implanted technologies
Authors: Varian Frances , Dick Jennifer , Battersby Christian , Roman Stefan , Ablott Jenna , Watson Lisa , Binmahfooz Sarah , Zafar Hamza , Colgan Gerry , Cannon John , Suntharalingam Jay , Lordan Jim , Howard Luke , McCabe Colm , Wort John , Price Laura , Church Colin , Hamilton Neil , Armstrong Iain , Hameed Abdul , Hurdman Judith , Elliot Charlie , Condliffe Robin , Wilkins Martin , Webb Alastair , Adlam David , Benza Ray L. , Rahimi Kazem , Shojaei‐Shahrokhabadi Mohadeseh , Lin Nan X. , Wason James M. S. , McIntosh Alasdair , McConnachie Alex , Middleton Jennifer T. , Thompson Roger , Kiely David G. , Toshner Mark , Rothman Alexander
Published: March 2024

Approved therapies for the treatment of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) mediate pulmonary vascular vasodilatation by targeting distinct biological pathways. International guidelines recommend that patients with an inadequate response to dual therapy with a phosphodiesterase type‐5 inhibitor (PDE5i) and endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA), are recommended to either intensify oral therapy by adding a selective prostacyclin receptor (IP) agonist (selexipag), or switching from PDE5i to a soluble guanylate‐cyclase stimulator (sGCS; riociguat). The clinical equipoise between these therapeutic choices provides the opportunity for evaluation of individualized therapeutic effects. Traditionally, invasive/hospital‐based investigations are required to comprehensively assess disease severity and demonstrate treatment benefits. Regulatory‐approved, minimally invasive monitors enable equivalent measurements to be obtained while patients are at home. In this 2 × 2 randomized crossover trial, patients with PAH established on guideline‐recommended dual therapy and implanted with CardioMEMS™ (a wireless pulmonary artery sensor) and ConfirmRx™ (an insertable cardiac rhythm monitor), will receive ERA + sGCS, or PDEi + ERA + IP agonist. The study will evaluate clinical efficacy via established clinical investigations and remote monitoring technologies, with remote data relayed through regulatory‐approved online clinical portals. The primary aim will be the change in right ventricular systolic volume measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from baseline to maximal tolerated dose with each therapy. Using data from MRI and other outcomes, including hemodynamics, physical activity, physiological measurements, quality of life, and side effect reporting, we will determine whether remote technology facilitates early evaluation of clinical efficacy, and investigate intra‐patient efficacy of the two treatment approaches.
Plasma NEDD9 is increased following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and associates with indices of pulmonary vascular dysfunction
Authors: Alba George A. , Zhou Iris Y. , Mascia Molly , Magaletta Michael , Alladina Jehan W. , Giacona Francesca L. , Ginns Leo C. , Caravan Peter , Maron Bradley A. , Montesi Sydney B.
Published: March 2024

Compared to healthy volunteers, participants with post‐acute sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (PASC) demonstrated increased plasma levels of the prothrombotic protein NEDD9, which associated inversely with indices of pulmonary vascular function. This suggests persistent pulmonary vascular dysfunction may play a role in the pathobiology of PASC.
On the Fate of Lithium Ions in Sol–Gel Derived Zinc Oxide Nanocrystals
Authors: Olejnik‐Fehér Natalia , Jędrzejewska Maria , Wolska‐Pietkiewicz Małgorzata , Lee Daniel , Paëpe Gaël De , Lewiński Janusz
Published: March 2024

Among diverse chemical synthetic approaches to zinc oxide nanocrystals (ZnO NCs), ubiquitous inorganic sol–gel methodology proved crucial for advancements in ZnO‐based nanoscience. Strikingly, unlike the exquisite level of control over morphology and size dispersity achieved in ZnO NC syntheses, the purity of the crystalline phase, as well as the understanding of the surface structure and the character of the inorganic–organic interface, have been limited to vague descriptors until very recently. Herein, ZnO NCs applying the standard sol–gel synthetic protocol are synthesized with zinc acetate and lithium hydroxide and tracked the integration of lithium (Li) cations into the interior and exterior of nanoparticles by combining various techniques, including advanced solid‐state NMR methods. In contrast to common views, it is demonstrated that Li+ ions remain kinetically trapped in the inorganic core, enter into a shallow subsurface layer, and generate “swelling” of the surface and interface regions. Thus, this work enabled both the determination of the NCs’ structural imperfections and an in‐depth understanding of the unappreciated role of the Li+ ions in impacting the doping and the passivation of sol–gel‐derived ZnO nanomaterials.
Low‐Pressure Pancake Bouncing on Superhydrophobic Surfaces
Authors: Fu Zunru , Jin Haichuan , Zhang Jun , Xue Tianyou , Guo Qi , Yao Guice , Gao Hui , Wang Zuankai , Wen Dongsheng
Published: March 2024

A new form of pancake bouncing is discovered in this work when a droplet impacts onto micro‐structured superhydrophobic surfaces in an environment pressure less than 2 kPa, and an unprecedented reduction of contact time by ≈85% is obtained. The mechanisms of forming this unique phenomenon are examined by combining experimental observation, numeical modelling and an improved theoretical model for the overpressure effect arising from the vaporisation inside micro‐scaled structures. The competition among the vapor overpressure effect, the droplet impact force, and the surface adhesion determines if the pancake bouncing behavior could occur. After the lift‐off the lamella, the pancake bouncing is initiated and its subsequent dynamics is controlled by the internal momentum transfer. Complementary to the prior studies, this work enriches the knowledge of droplet dynamics in low pressure, which allows new strategies of surface morphology engineering for droplet control, an area of high importance for many engineering applications.
Conjugated Polymers with Self‐Immolative Sidechain Linkers for Carbon Nanotube Dispersion
Authors: Yu Xiao , Adronov Alex
Published: March 2024

Single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are promising materials for generating high‐performance electronic devices. However, these applications are greatly restricted by their lack of purity and solubility. Commercially available SWNTs are a mixture of semi‐conducting (sc‐) and metallic (m‐) SWNTs and are insoluble in common solvents. Conjugated polymers can selectively disperse either sc‐ or m‐SWNTs and increase their solubility; however, the conductivity of conjugated polymer‐wrapped SWNTs is largely affected by the polymer side chains. Here, a poly(fluorene‐co‐phenylene) polymer that contains a self‐immolative linker as part of its sidechains is reported. The self‐immolative linker is stabilized with a tert‐butyldimethylsilyl ether group that, upon treatment with tetra‐n‐butylammonium fluoride (TBAF), undergoes a 1,6‐elimination reaction to release the sidechain. Sonication of this polymer with SWNTs in tetrahydrofuran (THF) results in concentrated dispersions that are used to prepare polymer‐SWNT thin films. Treatment with TBAF caused side‐chain cleavage into carbon dioxide and the corresponding diol, which can be easily removed by washing with solvent. This process is characterized by a combination of absorption and Raman spectroscopy, as well as four‐point probe measurements. The conductance of the SWNT thin films increased ≈60‐fold upon simple TBAF treatment, opening new possibilities for producing high‐conductivity SWNT materials for numerous applications.
Effect of Soy Protein Isolate on Pasting, Rheological, and Textural Attributes of Potato Starch
Authors: Chakraborty Gourav , Yadav Tanmay , Kumar Chandan , Swaraj  , Upadhyay Srishti , Kumar Kshitiz , Desai Shivani , Sharanagat Vijay Singh
Published: March 2024

The effects of different concentrations of soy protein isolate (SPI) on the functional, rheological, pasting, and structural properties of potato starch (PS) are investigated. The water and oil absorption capacity (OAC) of PS‐SPI mix increased significantly with the addition of SPI. Gel strength, peak, final, breakdown, and setback viscosity of PS decreases, whereas the pasting temperature increases with an increase in SPI fraction. Both the Herschel–Bulkley and power law model are found to equally fit in steady state rheology. The PS‐SPI blend exhibits pseudoplastic behavior. The addition of SPI decreases the storage (G′) and loss modulus (G″). SPI also lowers the flow stress values in the amplitude sweep test. Frequency sweep confirms the formation of weak gel formation in PS‐SPI blend by exhibiting a lower value of G′ and G″ than the pure starch. The microstructure of composite gel appears less dense with greater pore size than starch gel. The hardness of the SPI‐PS blend gel decreases from 6.76 to 0.85 N when the SPI content is increased from 0% to 50%. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) confirms that no chemical groups are formed or destroyed during the composite gel‐making process.
Shear strength of prestressed concrete beams with short shear span: Full‐scale experiments and evaluation of design methods
Authors: Duanmu Xiangyong , Xu Dong , Hu Ke , Jia Qinlong
Published: March 2024

Prestressed concrete (PC) is increasingly used in civil engineering construction. Notably, research on shear resistance in PC beams with short shear span remains relatively limited, necessitating further comprehensive exploration. In the study, tests were conducted on bonded post‐tensioned PC T‐beams with short shear span (a/h = 1.0), subjecting them to monotonic loading destructive tests. These beams measured 24.9 m in length, 1.605 m in height, and had a top flange width of 2.0 m. They featured a uniform cross‐section with a 0.22 m web thickness. Given the size of the full‐scale test beams and space constraints for loading, an innovative loading scheme was devised to minimize the counterweight. Test results demonstrate the safety and feasibility of the loading scheme. The tests were conducted five times and the main test variables were the draped tendons and the quantity of horizontal web reinforcement. The tests revealed that horizontal web reinforcement significantly influenced crack propagation but had a minimal effect on shear strength. For the parameter values taken for the test beams, the prestressing level has less effect on the shear strength of the beam. Simultaneously, an investigation was conducted involving a total of 119 PC beams. This investigation aimed to evaluate the degree of conservatism and accuracy in shear design code provisions and shear strength equations derived from various standards, including the strut‐and‐tie model (STM) of ACI, AASHTO, and Tan, as well as the critical crack model of Yuan and the truss model of Laskar. Comparative analysis indicates that, the design method provided by Yuan exhibit relatively superior predictive capabilities.
Dynamic response of asymmetric suspended structure subjected to random wind excitation
Authors: Tian Chong , Yao Weicang , Pan Yi , Ge Xinguang , Xu Changchun
Published: March 2024

Suspended structures, regarded as the expression of structural beauty, have attracted the focus of many architects and engineers. With the complexity of dynamic responses of the asymmetric suspended structures subjected to the random alongside wind excitation, an innovative method was proposed through combining the finite element method (FEM), the complex mode method (CMM), the pseudo excitation method (PEM), and the quadratic decomposition method (QDM) of frequency response function. The method could obtain unified closed‐form solutions of spectral moment and variance of node displacement and velocity and acceleration of asymmetric structures and its correctness was verified by existing numerical approaches. The proposed method is applicable to the random wind‐induced vibration response analysis of diverse linear complex structures. Notably, its efficacy lies in its circumvention of numerical integration, endowing it with high computational efficiency and accuracy. Extended comparative studies and discussion were also performed on effect of suspended span and comparisons of normal framed structure and symmetry structure. The results showed that the suspended span presented positive relation to horizontal displacement and inverse tendency to horizontal acceleration of the whole structure and vertical and horizontal acceleration of the columns near to suspended part should also be considered in engineering design.
A study on the usefulness of eppikajutsuto for cellulitis
Authors: Nakae Hajime , Hikichi Haruka , Tanaka Hidenori
Published: March 2024

Aim

Cellulitis is a skin and soft‐tissue infection that is primarily treated with antimicrobial therapy, with the assumption that an organism is the causative agent. Eppikajutsuto (EPTJ) is generally used to alleviate inflammatory swelling, pain, and warmth in joints owing to its heat™1‐clearing and fluid™1‐regulating properties. This study is a retrospective analysis of the efficacy and safety of EPTJ in the treatment of cellulitis.

Methods

A total of 99 patients (48 men and 51 women) treated with EPTJ for cellulitis were recruited. The drug was considered effective when symptoms improved with EPTJ (including concomitant use of Kampo prescriptions) and ineffective when EPTJ was discontinued or changed to another drug. Adverse reactions were also monitored.

Results

There were 94 effective and five ineffective cases (efficacy rate, 94.9%). No adverse events were reported. The dosing period of the effective group was found to be significantly longer than that of the ineffective group (p = 0.0221). Antibiotics were used in 48.5% of the cases; however, there was no difference in concomitant antibiotic use between the effective and ineffective groups.

Conclusion

EPTJ may be a safe and effective treatment option for cellulitis. Although antimicrobial agents were used in 48.5% of cases, further studies are needed to determine whether the concomitant use of antimicrobial agents is essential or the concomitant use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs is useful.
Cultivating a sustained community of teaching and learning scholars across disciplines and institutions
Authors: Ford Channing R. , Wilkins Emily B. , Helms Kristen L. , Garza Kimberly B.
Published: March 2024

This article explores the evolutionary nature of higher education and how it continues to stress the need for the professoriate to be active within scholarly teaching. This qualitative study examines how each author navigates SoTL research and analyzes the authors' reflective journaling for themes and sub‐themes for alignment with Scholarship Reconsidered, Scholarship Assessed and Community of Scholars models. Study findings support the existing literature and showcases the importance of establishing a community of scholars that offers its members a place of psychological safety and support.
Exploring the scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) landscape of academia: SoTL‐centric culture elements in institutions of faculty members who publish in SoTL‐focused journals
Authors: Braxton John M. , Major Claire Howell , Wolf Joshua
Published: March 2024

This chapter  describes the results of a survey‐based study intended to provide insight into the existence and degree of empirical support for the elements of strong teaching cultures in colleges and universities where faculty members participate in the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL). The findings contribute to the larger body of literature on the importance of fostering strong teaching cultures in higher education and highlight the need for institutions to prioritize the support and recognition of faculty engaged in SoTL.
The stimulation of exosome generation by visfatin polarizes M2 macrophages and enhances the motility of chondrosarcoma
Authors: Song Chang‐Yu , Wu Chih‐Ying , Lin Chih‐Yang , Tsai Chun‐Hao , Chen Hsien‐Te , Fong Yi‐Chin , Chen Li‐Chai , Tang Chih‐Hsin
Published: March 2024

Chondrosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor that arises from abnormalities in cartilaginous tissue and is associated with lung metastases. Extracellular vesicles called exosomes are primarily used as mediators of intercellular signal transmission to control tumor metastasis. Visfatin is an adipokine reported to enhance tumor metastasis, but its relationship with exosome generation in chondrosarcoma motility remains undetermined. Our results found that overexpressing visfatin augments the production of exosomes from chondrosarcoma cells. Visfatin‐treated chondrosarcoma exosomes educate macrophage polarization towards the M2 but not M1 phenotype. Interestingly, M2 macrophages polarized by exosomes return to chondrosarcoma cells to facilitate cell motility. According to these findings, chondrosarcoma cells emit more exosomes when treated with visfatin. The stimulation of exosome generation by visfatin polarizes M2 macrophages and enhances the motility of chondrosarcoma.
Elucidating the role of water films on solute diffusion in unsaturated porous media by improved pore‐scale modeling
Authors: Yang Yuankai , Patel Ravi A. , Prasianakis Nikolaos I. , Churakov Sergey V. , Deissmann Guido , Bosbach Dirk
Published: March 2024

Solute diffusion in partially saturated porous media is an important fundamental process in many natural and environmental systems. At low water saturation, the solute transport is governed by the diffusion in thin water films on the surfaces of solids. In this study, we established an improved pore‐scale simulation framework successfully describing the solute diffusion in variably saturated porous media (e.g., soils), which considers the contribution of the diffusion within the thin water film on the surface of the solid matrix. The model takes into account the liquid–gas distribution in the underlying porous media by the Shan‐Chen lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) and simulates the solute diffusion in the bulk liquid phase and the water film. Based on the numerical results, an easy‐to‐use theoretical formula was also developed to predict the effective diffusivity in microporous materials at low saturation levels. The average relative error of its prediction with respect to the experimental data from the literature is about 30%, while that of the classical power law exceeds 70%. A simple phase diagram was defined, which allows us to identify the situations under which it is necessary to take the influence of surface water films on the effective diffusivity in unsaturated microporous media into account. The present study improves the pore‐scale model to address solute diffusion in the water films at low water saturation and elucidates the contribution of thin water films on solute transport.
Urgent versus elective surgical disparities among American Indian and Alaska Native patients
Authors: Brown Benjamin , Holt Sarah , Dindinger‐Hill Kassandra , Wolff Erika M. , Javid Sara , Nyame Yaw , Gore John L.
Published: March 2024

Background

American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) health issues are understudied despite documentation of lower‐than‐average life expectancy. Urgent surgery is associated with higher rates of postsurgical complications and postoperative death. We assess whether American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) patients in Washington State are at greater risk of requiring urgent rather than elective surgery compared with non‐Hispanic Whites (NHW).

Methods

We accessed data for the period 2009–2014 from the Washington State Comprehensive Hospital Abstract Reporting System (CHARS) database, which captures all statewide hospital admissions, to examine three common surgeries that are performed both urgently and electively: hip replacements, aortic valve replacements, and spinal fusions. We extracted patient race, age, insurance status, comorbidity, admission type, and procedures performed. We then constructed multivariable logistic regression models to identify factors associated with use of urgent surgical care.

Results

AIAN patients had lower mean age at surgery for all three surgeries compared with NHW patients. AIAN patients were at higher risk for urgent surgery for hip replacements (OR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.19–1.88), spinal fusions (OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.04–1.87), and aortic valve replacements (OR = 2.06, 95% CI 1.12–3.80).

Conclusion

AIAN patients were more likely to undergo urgent hip replacement, spinal fusion, and aortic valve replacement than NHW patients. AIAN patients underwent urgent surgery at younger ages. Medicaid insurance conferred higher risks for urgent surgery across all surgeries studied. Further research is warranted to more clearly identify the factors contributing to disparities among AIAN patients undergoing urgent surgery.
Double blind randomized controlled trial of efficacy of ormeloxifene for the treatment of fibroadenoma (The FIBROCENT study)
Authors: Agrawal Kratika , Silodia Ashutosh , Yadav Sanjay Kumar , Sharma Deepti Bala , Sharma Dhananjaya
Published: March 2024

Background

We evaluated the effectiveness of Ormeloxifene (Centchroman) on regression of Fibroadenoma in a double‐blind randomized controlled trial.

Methods

Patients with biopsy proven Fibroadenoma were enrolled between March 2023 and October 2023 and divided in two arms‐ Ormeloxifene group and Placebo group. Effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated using USG. No residual mass was defined as complete regression and more than 30% decrease in size was considered as partial regression.

Results

A total of 130 consecutive patients with Fibroadenoma were randomized to Ormeloxifene group (n = 65) and Placebo Group (n = 65). Complete regression was observed in 9% (6/65) patients in Ormeloxifene group and 10.8% (7/65) in Placebo Group at the end of 12 weeks (p = 0.49). Twenty one patients taking Ormeloxifene reported adverse events as compared to none in the other group.

Conclusion

In our study Ormeloxifene was not found to be effective in treatment of fibroadenoma and had concerning side effects.
Multiple Lines of Maximum Genus in $${\mathbb {P}}^3$$
Authors: Schlesinger Enrico
Published: March 2024

We introduce a notion of good cohomology for multiple lines in $${\mathbb {P}}^3$$

P

3

and we classify multiple lines with good cohomology up to multiplicity 4. In particular, we show that the family of space curves of degree d, not lying on a surface of degree $$<d$$

<
d

, and of maximal arithmetic genus is not irreducible already for $$d=4$$

d
=
4

and $$d=5$$

d
=
5

.
Generalized quasiorders and the Galois connection $${\textbf {End}}$$–$$\varvec{{{\,\textrm{gQuord}\,}}}$$
Authors: Jakubíková-Studenovská Danica , Pöschel Reinhard , Radeleczki Sándor
Published: March 2024

Equivalence relations or, more general, quasiorders (i.e., reflexive and transitive binary relations) $$\varrho $$
ϱ
have the property that an n-ary operation f preserves $$\varrho ,$$

ϱ
,

i.e., f is a polymorphism of $$\varrho ,$$

ϱ
,

if and only if each translation (i.e., unary polynomial function obtained from f by substituting constants) preserves $$\varrho ,$$

ϱ
,

i.e., it is an endomorphism of $$\varrho .$$

ϱ
.

We introduce a wider class of relations—called generalized quasiorders—of arbitrary arities with the same property. With these generalized quasiorders we can characterize all algebras whose clone of term operations is determined by its translations by the above property, what generalizes affine complete algebras. The results are based on the characterization of so-called u-closed monoids (i.e., the unary parts of clones with the above property) as Galois closures of the Galois connection $${\textrm{End}}$$
End
–$${{\,\textrm{gQuord}\,}},$$

gQuord

,

i.e., as endomorphism monoids of generalized quasiorders. The minimal u-closed monoids are described explicitly.
Neue Aspekte in der Ätiologie und Therapie der jugendlichen Anorexia nervosa – ein postuliertes biopsychosoziales Modell und die Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Herpertz-Dahlmann Beate , Dahmen Brigitte , Zielinski-Gussen Ingar M. , Seitz Jochen
Published: March 2024

Die Anorexia nervosa ist eine der häufigsten chronischen Erkrankungen des Jugendalters mit einer hohen Mortalität. Ihre Behandlungsbedürftigkeit hat während der COVID-19-Pandemie vor allem im Kindes- und Jugendalter zugenommen. Der Artikel zeigt neue Forschungsergebnisse zur Ätiologie der Erkrankung auf, insbesondere zur genetischen Disposition und zu metabolischen Veränderungen. Vor dem Hintergrund der steigenden Behandlungszahlen während der COVID-19-Pandemie wird die Bedeutung der Gen-Umwelt-Interaktion diskutiert. Der zweite Schwerpunkt des Artikels bezieht sich auf neue Behandlungsmethoden. Neben dem experimentellen Einsatz biologischer Interventionen werden auch neue psychotherapeutische Behandlungsstrategien vorgestellt. Im Vergleich zur früheren Behandlung der Anorexia nervosa wird der intensiven Einbeziehung der Eltern in die Therapie eine hohe Bedeutung beigemessen. Dies zeigt sich insbesondere durch die Entwicklung der Behandlung zu Hause (Home Treatment). Die Konzeption der Anorexia nervosa als metabopsychiatrische Erkrankung ist mit der Hoffnung auf neue Forschungs- und Therapieansätze verbunden.
Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen: Ergebnisse einer Querschnittsstudie zu Auswirkungen der neu formulierten Diagnosen PTBS und kPTBS in der ICD-11
Authors: Eilers Rebekka , Ertl Verena , Kasparik Barbara , Kost Anne , Rosner Rita
Published: March 2024

Hintergrund

Die in der ICD-11 enger gefassten Kriterien der posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS) und die Einführung der komplexen PTBS (kPTBS) mit zusätzlichen Schwierigkeiten in der Selbstorganisation und -regulation (SSO) können deutliche Auswirkungen auf die Diagnosehäufigkeit haben. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde untersucht, aufgrund welcher ICD-11-Cluster Kinder und Jugendliche die Diagnose verfehlen und ob Bezugspersonen Veränderungen im SSO-Bereich eher auf den Entwicklungsstand oder das traumatische Ereignis attribuieren und wie diese Attributionen wiederum mit der Symptomschwere zusammenhängen.

Methoden

N = 88 deutschsprachige Kinder und Jugendliche (Alter: 7–17) mit traumatischen Ereignissen sowie N = 79 Bezugspersonen wurden zwischen September 2019 und November 2020 zur (k)PTBS-Symptomschwere (CATS-2) und der Attribution der SSO-Symptome (Fragebogen für Bezugspersonen) befragt.

Ergebnisse

Die ICD-11-Kriterien (CATS‑2 und eine entwicklungsangepasste Version) ergaben geringere Häufigkeitsraten der PTBS als DSM‑5 und ICD-10. Am seltensten wurden die ICD-11-Cluster „Wiedererleben“ und „Übererregung“ erfüllt. Veränderungen der SSO-Symptome wurden vorwiegend als ereignisbedingt eingeschätzt. Diese Attribution hing mit höherer PTBS- und SSO-Symptomschwere im Fremdbericht zusammen. Die entwicklungsbedingte Attribution hing mit einer höheren SSO-, jedoch nicht PTBS-Symptomschwere im Fremdbericht zusammen.

Diskussion

Im Rahmen der Diagnostik und bei der Überarbeitung von Diagnoseinstrumenten für ICD-11-(k)PTBS sollten auch entwicklungsspezifische Symptomausprägungen berücksichtigt werden. Eine Herausforderung stellt die Abgrenzung von Veränderungen im SSO-Bereich als „traumabezogen“ gegenüber „entwicklungsbedingt“ dar und erfordert mehrere Informationsquellen.
Zufriedenheit mit der Weiterbildung an einem Level-I-Traumazentrum – Ergebnisse einer Umfrage und Entwicklung eines kompetenzbasierten Weiterbildungskonzeptes
Authors: Katthagen J. Christoph , Deichsel Adrian , Schenk Christian , Stolberg-Stolberg Josef , Glasbrenner Johannes , Raschke Michael J.
Published: March 2024

Hintergrund

Die strukturierte, kompetenzbasierte Weiterbildung ist einer der am häufigsten artikulierten Wünsche von AssistenzärztInnen.

Methodik

Es erfolgte die Befragung von 19 AssistenzärztInnen hinsichtlich der Zufriedenheit mit der aktuellen Weiterbildung an einem Level-I-Traumazentrum, mittels eines Fragebogens mit 5 Fragen, welche auf einer 5‑Punkte-Likert-Skala beantwortet wurden. Im Folgenden erfolgte die Entwicklung eines überarbeiteten, kompetenzbasierten Weiterbildungskonzeptes.

Resultate

Die Befragung spiegelte eine Unsicherheit wider, ob die aktuellen Weiterbildungsstrukturen den Anforderungen der Weiterbildungsordnung gerecht werden können. Das überarbeitete, kompetenzbasierte Weiterbildungskonzept besteht aus klinischem Mentoring, regelmäßigen theoretischen und praktischen Fortbildungen sowie regelmäßigen und strukturierten Mitarbeitergesprächen.

Schlussfolgerung

Das vorgestellte Weiterbildungskonzept spiegelt den Versuch wider, eine zeitgemäße chirurgische Weiterbildung zu etablieren und sollte im Verlauf evaluiert werden.
The influence of submillimeter morphological variations on the wettability of WEDM-fabricated dual-scale roughness aluminum alloy 6082 surfaces
Authors: Skondras-Giousios Dimitrios , Karmiris-Obratański Panagiotis , Jarosz Magdalena , Leszczyńska-Madej Beata , Markopoulos Angelos P.
Published: March 2024

Deriving inspiration from natural hierarchical superhydrophobic surfaces, multi-scale structures were manufactured on AA6082 surfaces via wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM), featuring microscale texture due to spark erosion, superimposed upon a wide-range simple and more complicated geometries of submillimeter profiles. The effect that the higher-order scale morphologies had on wettability was investigated. The dual-scale morphology elevated the hydrophobicity of the surfaces compared to single-scale or unmodified surfaces, reaching superhydrophobicity (151°) in the case of a certain triangular profile. Rectangular and triangular profiles facilitated the higher contact angles, while re-entrant geometries were able to totally prevent cavity wetting. A correlation of static contact angle with roughness parameters of the larger scale such as Ra, Rz, Rp, Rsk, and Rku for certain geometry configurations was identified. Peak hydrophobicity resulted at Ra = 70 μm, Rz = 240 μm, and Rp = 160 μm concerning simple geometries. Negative Rsk and Rku > 1.5 affected negatively contact angle of samples. All investigated tested types were found to reach higher hydrophobicity at moderate drop volumes (5 μl). The fabricated samples were anisotropic in at least two directions, showing decreased hydrophobicity in the front, parallel to the groove direction. When tested in multi-directional dynamic tilting up to 90°, the more complicated geometries were able to retain resistance to spreading. All samples demonstrated superliquiphilicity with lower surface tension liquids, making them strong candidate in applications such as oil/water separation. Finally, all samples tested sustained their hydrophobic character subsequent to a 3-month atmospheric exposure period.
Fracture Risk and Health Profiles Differ According to Relationship Status: Findings from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study
Authors: Westbury Leo D. , Pearse Camille , Bevilacqua Gregorio , Fuggle Nicholas R. , Ward Kate A. , Cooper Cyrus , Dennison Elaine M.
Published: March 2024

Registry studies have suggested associations between relationship status and fracture risk. We considered associations between relationship status and incident fracture in the Hertfordshire Cohort Study, comprising community-dwelling older adults, and explored associations between socioeconomic and lifestyle factors with relationship status. 2997 participants completed a baseline questionnaire (1998–2004) and clinic visit. Participants were followed up until December 2018 using Hospital Episode Statistics, which report clinical outcomes using codes from the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10); these codes were used to ascertain incident fractures. Relationship status (not currently married/cohabiting vs currently married/cohabiting) at baseline was examined in relation to incident fracture using Cox regression. Associations between baseline characteristics and relationship status were examined using logistic regression. Mean baseline age was 66.2 years. 80% were married/cohabiting at baseline; 15% had an incident fracture (mean (SD) follow-up duration: 14.4 (4.5) years). The following were related to greater likelihood of not being married/cohabiting: older age (women only); higher BMI (women only); current smoking; high alcohol consumption (men only); poorer diet quality (men only); lower physical activity; leaving school before age 15 (women only); and not owning one’s home. Those not married/cohabiting had greater risk of incident fracture compared to those who were (age-adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) 1.58 (1.06, 2.38) among men, 1.35 (1.06, 1.72) among women); associations were attenuated after accounting for the above factors associated with relationship status in the corresponding sex. This suggests that differences in health profiles and lifestyle according to relationship status may explain the association between relationship status and fracture risk.
Prophylactic defunctioning stomas improve clinical outcomes of anastomotic leak following rectal cancer resections: An analysis of the US Rectal Cancer Consortium
Authors: Hrebinko Katherine , Anto Vincent P. , Reitz Katherine M. , Gamboa Adriana C. , Regenbogen Scott E. , Hawkins Alexander T. , Hopkins M. Benjamin , Ejaz Aslam , Bauer Philip S. , Wise Paul E. , Balch Glen C. , Holder-Murray Jennifer
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Anastomotic leak (AL) is a complication of low anterior resection (LAR) that results in substantial morbidity. There is immense interest in evaluating immediate postoperative and long-term oncologic outcomes in patients who undergo diverting loop ileostomies (DLI). The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between fecal diversion, AL, and oncologic outcomes.

Methods

This is a retrospective multicenter cohort study using patient data obtained from the US Rectal Cancer Consortium database compiled from six academic institutions. The study population included patients with rectal adenocarcinoma undergoing LAR. The primary outcome was the incidence of AL among patients who did or did not receive DLI during LAR. Secondary outcomes included risk factors for AL, receipt of adjuvant therapy, 3-year overall survival, and 3-year recurrence.

Results

Of 815 patients, 38 (4.7%) suffered AL after LAR. Patients with AL were more likely to be male, have unintentional preoperative weight loss, and are less likely to undergo DLI. On multivariable analysis, DLI remained protective against AL (p < 0.001). Diverted patients were less likely to undergo future surgical procedures including additional ostomy creation, completion proctectomy, or pelvic washout for AL. Subgroup analysis of 456 patients with locally advanced disease showed that DLI was correlated with increased receipt of adjuvant therapy for patients with and without AL on univariate analysis (SHR:1.59; [95% CI 1.19–2.14]; p = 0.002), but significance was not met in multivariate models.

Conclusion

Lack of DLI and preoperative weight loss was associated with anastomotic leak. Fecal diversion may improve the timely initiation of adjuvant oncologic therapy. The long-term outcomes following routine diverting stomas warrant further study.
Research progress on incomplete partition type 3 inner ear malformation
Authors: Xu Kaifan , Xiao Yun , Luo Jianfen , Chao Xiuhua , Wang Ruijie , Fan Zhaoming , Wang Haibo , Xu Lei
Published: March 2024

Purpose

This review aims to provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research progress on IP-III inner ear malformation, focusing on its geneticbasis, imaging features, cochlear implantation, and outcome.

Methods

Review the literature on clinical and genetic mechanisms associated with IP-III.

Results

Mutations in the POU3F4 gene emerge as the principal pathogenic contributors to IP-III anomalies, primarily manifesting through inner ear potential irregularities leading to deafness. While cochlear implantation stands as the primary intervention for restoring hearing, the unique nature of the inner ear anomaly escalates the complexity of surgical procedures and postoperative results. Hence, meticulous preoperative assessment to ascertain surgical feasibility and postoperative verification of electrode placement are imperative. Additionally, gene therapy holds promise as a prospective treatment modality.

Conclusions

IP-III denotes X-linked recessive hereditary deafness, with cochlear implantation currently serving as the predominant therapeutic approach. Clinicians are tasked with preoperative assement and individualized postoperative rehabilitation.
Datasets and annotations for layout analysis of scientific articles
Authors: Gemelli Andrea , Marinai Simone , Pisaneschi Lorenzo , Santoni Francesco
Published: March 2024

For a long time now, datasets containing scientific articles have been crucial to the analysis and recognition of document images. These document collections have frequently served as a testing ground for cutting-edge methods for optical character recognition, layout analysis, and document understanding in general. We thoroughly analyze and compare many datasets proposed for layout analysis of scientific documents, ranging from small collections of scanned papers to modern large-scale datasets containing digital-born papers, which have been proposed to train deep learning-based methods. Furthermore, we outline a detailed taxonomy of the annotation procedures used considering manual, automatic, and generative approaches, and we analyze their benefits and drawbacks. This survey is meant to provide the reader with a review of the most used benchmarks together with detailed information on data, annotations, and complexity, helping scholars to identify the most suitable dataset for their tasks of interest. We also discuss possible open problems to further enhance datasets to support research in the layout analysis of scientific articles.
Unlocking the potential of virtual reality to expand treatment frontiers for bulimia nervosa: a pilot study to explore the impact of virtual reality-enhanced cognitive-behavioral therapy
Authors: Sansoni Maria , Varallo Giorgia , Malighetti Clelia , Tuena Cosimo , Di Lernia Daniele , Cesa Gian Luca , Manzoni Gian Mauro , Castelnuovo Gianluca , Riva Giuseppe
Published: March 2024

The primary objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of a Virtual Reality (VR) intervention when compared to an integrated multimodal medically managed Inpatient Program (IP) in a cohort of 24 female patients diagnosed with Bulimia Nervosa (BN). Psychological measures (i.e., EDI-2) were assessed at three points: pre-treatment, post-treatment, and at 1-month follow-up. Behavioral measures (i.e., BMI) were evaluated at 6 different time points, instead (i.e., pre-treatment, post-treatment, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months from the discharge date). The VR treatment was more effective in improving the EDI subscales EDI-DT (i.e., drive for thinness) and EDI-BU (i.e., binging-purging behaviors). In particular, patients in the VR condition showed a reduced EDI-BU score at 1-month follow-up and post-test in comparison to the pre-test, as well as a lower EDI-DT score at 1-month follow-up compared to the pre-test. Conversely, no significant changes were noted in the IP group for either subscale. Regarding the behavioral measures, the group undergoing the VR condition reported the maintenance of the BMI in the long term compared to the IP. Specifically, in the VR group BMI decreased from the pre- to post-test, and from the pre-test to the 12-month follow-up. In the IP group, BMI improved from the pre- to the post-test, and from the pre-test to the 12-month follow-up. However, a relapse pattern was observed in the IP condition during the follow-up period, with a significant BMI increase from the post-test to the 9-month follow-up, from the 3 to the 9-month follow-up, from the 6 to the 9-month follow-up, and a decrease of BMI between the 9 and the 12-month follow-up. In conclusion, these results suggest that integrating VR treatment into the care of individuals with BN could enhance both immediate and sustained treatment outcomes. This may offer valuable insights for future studies to expand and delve deeper into the field of EDs.
Breeding performance and nest-site selection of Woodchat Shrikes Lanius senator near the southern edge of their breeding distribution
Authors: Bloche Daniel A. F. , Sapir Nir
Published: March 2024

Numerous Woodchat Shrike (Lanius senator) populations, and Laniidae in general, are globally declining. A deeper understanding of their breeding ecology, including their nest-site selection and breeding performance, from hatching success to post-fledging survival, could contribute to their conservation. We studied breeding Woodchat Shrikes near the southern edge of their breeding range in Northern Israel, monitoring breeding pairs throughout the breeding season from March to July 2023 in three study areas at the slopes of the Golan Heights in a semi-open shrubland. We collected data on birds’ nesting success, including hatching and fledging success, as well as on breeding pairs’ productivity and post-fledging survival of Woodchat Shrikes. Furthermore, we gathered information on nest-site characteristics. In this part of their range, Woodchat Shrikes breed in relatively high densities, opportunistically selecting nest-sites within the area. Most pairs had at least two brood attempts and up to four were recorded. On average breeding pairs laid 4.63 eggs per brood, with a decreasing brood size later in the season. Breeding performance was not related to the nest-site characteristics with the exception of nest height above the ground, which had a positive influence on nesting success. The breeding performance of Woodchat Shrikes was relatively low compared to other studies, particularly when considering fledging success. Nest predation was likely a predominant cause for nest failures here; however, breeding pairs were able to substantially increase their breeding success with replacement broods. Compared to the low nesting success, the post-fledging survival was relatively high, indicating much higher predation pressure on nests compared to fledglings.
TGFβ signalling pathway impacts brain metastases profiles in locally advanced colorectal cancer
Authors: Jacob Sven , Balonov Ilja , Jurinovic Vindi , Heiliger Christian , Tschaidse Tengis , Kumbrink Jörg , Kirchner Thomas , Werner Jens , Angele Martin K. , Michl Marlies , Neumann Jens
Published: March 2024

Rationale

Colorectal Cancer (CRC) represents the third most common type of cancer in Germany and the second most common cancer-related cause of death worldwide. Distant metastases are still the main limit for patient survival. While liver metastases as well as peritoneal carcinomatosis can often either be resected or treated with systemic therapy, little options remain for brain metastases. Additionally, a number of studies has already investigated hepatic, peritoneal, pulmonary as well as continuing distant metastases in colorectal cancer. Yet, with respect to tumor biology and brain metastases, little is known so far.

Material and methods

Two cohorts, M0 without distant spread and BRA with brain metastases were build. RNA was isolated from paraffin embedded specimen. Gene expression was performed by an RNA NanoString-Analysis using the nCounter® PanCancer Progression Panel by NanoString-Technologies (Hamburg, Germany). Results were analysed by principal component analysis, gene expression and pathway analysis using commonly available databases such as KEGG as benchmark for comparison.

Results

We were able to determine a gene signature that provides a sophisticated group separation between M0 and BRA using principal component analysis. All genes with strong loading characteristics on principal component 1 were cross-referenced with the subsequently performed accurate gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The GSEA revealed a clear dysregulation of the TGFβ pathway in compared cohorts M0 and BRA. Interestingly, the targeted pathways analysis of the identified genes confirmed that in fact almost all strong loading genes of PC1 play a role in the TGFβ pathway.

Conclusion

Our results suggest the TGFβ pathway as a crucial player in the development of brain metastases in primary CRC. In some types of colorectal cancer, downregulation of the TGFβ pathway might hinder primary colorectal cancer to metastasize to the nervous system. While the paradoxical functioning of the TGFβ pathway is still not fully understood, these shed light on yet another clinical implication of this complex pathway.