bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aksjologiczne podstawy sprawiedliwych wynagrodzeń
Authors: Łuków Paweł
Published: December 2018

Na tle zarysu podstawowych pojęć z zakresu teorii sprawiedliwości omówionych w części pierwszej artykułu, przedstawiono normatywny charakter zagadnienia sprawiedliwości wynagrodzeń za pracę, sytuując je w kontekście dyskursu praw człowieka oraz idei i wartości społeczeństwa demokratycznego. Odniesienie sprawiedliwości wynagrodzeń do tego dyskursu, wraz z obecną w nim ideą godności ludzkiej, pozwala wskazać w części drugiej artykułu główne zasady etyczne, jakie muszą kształtować akceptowalną koncepcję sprawiedliwych wynagrodzeń, właściwą dla społeczeństwa demokratycznego: szacunek dla jednostek, równość szans i równość pozioma oraz zasada wolności indywidualnej.
Elastyczne zarządzanie kapitałem ludzkim z perspektywy interesariuszy
Authors: Podkowińska Monika
Published: December 2018

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Społeczne aspekty opodatkowania – progresywność opodatkowania
Authors: Wasilewski Jacek , Werner Aleksander , Kimla Katarzyna , Kostrzewa Agata
Published: December 2018

Celem artykułu jest analiza progresywnego sposobu opodatkowania wynagrodzeń w odniesieniu do zasad sprawiedliwości podatkowej oraz sprawiedliwości w ujęciu polityki społecznej. W artykule, na podstawie przeglądu literatury, zdefiniowano zasadę progresywności oraz dokonano jej analizy przez pryzmat zasad podatkowych. Wyniki badań opinii pozwoliły natomiast na przeanalizowanie, w jaki sposób respondenci deklarują swoją ocenę ukształtowania systemu opodatkowania według skali progresywnej. Analiza przeprowadzonych badań pozwala na skonstruowanie wniosków w zakresie dalszych rozważań nad sprawiedliwością opodatkowania.
Sprawiedliwość w ujęciu prawnym na przykładzie sprawiedliwości podatkowej
Authors: Werner Aleksander
Published: December 2018

Celem artykułu jest analiza pojęcia sprawiedliwości w ujęciu prawnym na przykładzie sprawiedliwości podatkowej. Autor, definiując pojęcie sprawiedliwości, wskazuje na jej wieloaspektowy i złożony charakter oraz na brak normatywnej definicji tego pojęcia. W artykule został poruszony aspekt sprawiedliwości opodatkowania przez pryzmat zasad składających się na pojęcie sprawiedliwości podatkowej. Przedstawiono także ujęcie sprawiedliwości podatkowej w Konstytucji RP, uwzględniając różnice w opodatkowaniu osób fizycznych i prawnych z punktu widzenia zasady zdolności płatniczej.
HYBRID ADDITIVE AND SUBTRACTIVE MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
AND SYSTEMS: A REVIEW
Authors: GRZESIK Wit
Published: December 2018

This review paper highlights the hybrid manufacturing processes which integrate the additive and subtractive processes performing on one hybrid platform consisting of the LMD (laser metal deposition) unit and CNC machine tools. In particular, some important rules and advantages as well as technological potentials
of the integration of different AM technique and finishing CNC machining operations are discussed and overviewed. Some representative examples such as formation of difficult features around the part periphery, deposition of functional layers and coatings and repair of high-value parts in aerospace industry are provided. Some conclusions and future trends in the implementation of hybrid processes are outlined.
Application Of The Hamming Network To The Classification Of Surfaces After Abrasive Machining
Authors: LIPINSKI Dariusz , TOMKOWSKI Robert , KACALAK Wojciech
Published: December 2018

The use of artificial neural networks for modelling and inference about surface parameters is a more and more often undertaken research topic. Based on the analysis of the ranges of suitability of surface topography parameters, a variety of different parameters can be observed to identify surfaces with different features and different conditions of use. The issues of surface topography analysis and determination of surface condition after abrasive machining are of fundamental importance. Currently, when assessing the surface intended for interaction with the other surface, it is possible to use many surface evaluation parameters. Assigning
the machined surface to the appropriate assessment group, especially in automated quality control systems, requires a preliminary surface classification. In this article Hamming's network was used for the surface classification along with modification of Hamming distance.
Solar Radiation Forecast Using Cloud Velocity for Photovoltaic Systems
Authors: Leng Sing Calvin Kong , Lit Ken Tan , Kok Yee Lai , Oktavia Kamadinata Jane , Bin Che Sidik Nor Azwadi , Asako Yutaka , Kee Quen Lee
Published: December 2018

Today, solar energy is used in a many different ways. One of the most popular technological developments for this purpose is photovoltaic conversion to electricity. However, power fluctuations due to the variability of solar energy are one of the challenges faced by the implementation of photovoltaic systems. To overcome this problem, forecasting solar radiation data several minutes in advance is needed. In this research, a methodology to forecast solar radiation using cloud velocity and cloud moving angle is proposed. Generally, a red-to-blue ratio (RBR) color model and correlation analysis are used for obtaining the cloud velocity and moving angle. Artificial neural network (ANN) forecast models with different input combinations are established. This methodology requires lower computational time since it only uses part of the pixels in the sky image. Based on R-squared analysis, it can be concluded that the ANN model with inputs of cloud velocity and moving angle and average solar radiation showed the highest accuracy among other combinations of inputs. The R-squared value was 0.59 with only a relatively small sample size of 42. The proposed model showed a highest improvement of 75.79% when compared to the ANN model based on historical solar radiation data only.
An Adaptive Skin Detection Approach of Face Images with Unequal Luminance, Color Excursion, and Background Interference
Authors: Wei Li , Luo Jian , Li YanMei
Published: December 2018

Face detection and recognition are affected greatly by unequal luminance, color excursion and background interference. For improving skin detection rates of color face images in the presence of unequal luminance, color excursion and background interference, this paper proposes an approach for automatic skin detection. This approach globally corrects the color excursion using the X, Y, Z color components. Then it establishes a self-adaptive nonlinear amendment function using the a', b'and L' components, and locally corrects the R, G, B color components of row-column transformed sub-block images to balance the global luminance and color. Finally, it constructs an L'a'b'three-dimensional semi-supervised dual-probability skin model, based on which automatic skin detection can be realized. The experimental results demonstrated that this approach has great adaptability, a high detection rate and speed.
Multi-AGV Path Planning for Indoor Factory by Using Prioritized Planning and Improved Ant Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Yi , Wang Fuli , Fu Fukang , Su Zuqiang
Published: December 2018

Multiple automated guided vehicle (multi-AGV) path planning in manufacturing workshops has always been technically difficult for industrial applications. This paper presents a multi-AGV path planning method based on prioritized planning and improved ant colony algorithms. Firstly, in dealing with the problem of path coordination between AGVs, an improved priority algorithm is introduced, where priority is assigned based on the remaining battery charge of the AGVs, which improves the power usage efficiency of the AGVs. Secondly, an improved ant colony algorithm (IAC) is proposed to calculate the optimal path for the AGVs. In the algorithm, a random amount of pheromone is distributed in the map and the amount of pheromone is updated according to a fitness value. As a result, the computational efficiency of the ant colony algorithm is improved. Moreover, a mutation operation is introduced to mutate the amount of pheromone in randomly selected locations of the map, by which the problem of local optimum is well overcome. Simulation results and a comparative analysis showed the validity of the proposed method.
Roy Samuriwo, Ben Hannigan, Stephen Pattison & Andrew Todd. (2018). Values in Health and Social Care: An Introductory Workbook. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. ISBN 978 1 78592 063 9
Authors: Lindsay Margot Elizabeth Virginia
Published: December 2018

No abstract
Sarah Ryan. (2018). Justice for the Laughing Boy Connor Sparrowhawk - A Death by Indifference. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. ISBN 978 1 78592 348 7
Authors: Lindsay Margot Elizabeth Virginia
Published: December 2018

None
Care plan use among older people with functional impairment: analysis of the English General Practice Patient Survey
Authors: Shiner Alice , Ford John A , Steel Nicholas
Published: December 2018

Objectives: Care plans may improve health when patients are involved in the care planning process. They are recommended for primary care.  This study aimed to identify characteristics of older patients with functional impairment (age ≥75 years with problems completing daily activities) who report having a care plan and who are involved in care planning.Methods: The General Practice Patient Survey (individual-level dataset) 2015-16 in England was analysed. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations between having a care plan and being involved with care planning and age, gender, ethnicity, deprivation, multimorbidity, interpersonal relationship with general practitioner (GP) and other variables, clustered at practice level.Results: Three point five percent of GPPS respondents and 14.4% of older people with functional impairment reported having a care plan; however, only a quarter of the latter were involved with the care planning process. Involvement with care planning was associated with seeing own GP (odds ratio (OR) 1.88, 95% confidence interval (CI)1.48 to 2.38) and factors reflecting a positive interpersonal relationship with the GP, including having confidence in the GP (OR 5.92, CI 2.38 to 14.77). Respondents involved with care planning reported greater confidence in managing their own health.Conclusions: Few older people with functional impairment report having a care plan and fewer report involvement in the care planning process. This may reduce the ability of care plans to deliver health benefits and person-centered care.
News from the Field
Authors: Free David
Published: December 2018

Penn State to renovate Pattee LibraryNominations sought for ACRL Board of DirectorsUniversity of Mississippi library named 2018 Federal Depository Library of the YearCLIR announces Recordings at Risk grantsDigital Library Federation names Futures fellowsSpringer launches interdisciplinary portal on urban studiesOCLC, Taylor & Francis partner on catalog recordsCLOCKSS formalizes perpetual preservation plan
Exploring information literacy assessment: Content analysis of student prefocus essays
Authors: Buell Jesi , Kvinnesland Lynne
Published: December 2018

Juggling the value of performance-based assessment of student information literacy competencies with the limited time and resources required to do this type of assessment remains an ongoing challenge for many librarians.This article chronicles our initial foray into content analysis, a fairly labor-intensive methodology, but one which allowed us to examine student approaches to the research process as narrated in their own words in the form of a prefocus essay. Our goal was to gather data that would help to inform our university library’s information literacy curriculum. What follows documents our process, methodology, results, and lessons learned in order to aid those at other institutions in their assessment planning.Colgate University is a selective, private liberal arts institution with an approximate student body of 2,900. The information literacy program is well-established, with an on-going presence in the Core Curriculum and First-Year Seminar courses, as well as frequent requests for library instruction in upper-level courses.
ACRL Midwinter meetings in Seattle: A brief overview
Authors: Of College & Research Libraries Association
Published: December 2018

Board of DirectorsWorkshopsForumsACRL special events at 2019 ALA Midwinter Meeting
ACRL Annual Report 2017-2018
Authors: Of College & Research Libraries Association
Published: December 2018

This report highlights ACRL’s many accomplishments during the 2018 fiscal year across the four strategic goal areas highlighted in the Plan for Excellence—the value of academic libraries, student learning, research and scholarly environment, and new roles and changing landscapes—along with the association’s enabling programs and services.See the ACRL FY18 4th Quarter Budget Report supplement for additional information.
People in the News
Authors: Galloway Ann-Christe
Published: December 2018

Marta DeyrupPaula AdamsNerea A. LlamasJackie WatkinsYongli MaElisabeth ShieldsRita SpisakClaudia J. Morner
Laci(ni)murga: ¿originalidad o duplicidad toponímica? = Laci(ni)murga: Originality or Duplicity of Toponyms?
Authors: España-Chamorro Sergio
Published: December 2018

La importancia de ubicar correctamente Laci(ni)murga afecta a otros aspectos de importancia para el entendimiento de la geografía peninsular romana como la administración del territorio y la jurisdicción provincial. La división de su planteamiento geográfico pensándola como una única ciudad o dos ciudades homónimas ha sido un tema sobre el que no se había reflexionado lo suficiente. La revisión de la documentación literaria, epigráfica y paleotoponímica, además de las menciones históricas, me han permitido concluir en la tesis de que sólo hubo una única ciudad con dicho nombre que fue promocionada en época cesariana y que perteneció a la Baetica y al conventus Cordubensis.The importance of placing Laci(ni)murga correctly concerns other vital aspects for understanding the geography of the Iberian Peninsula such as territorial administration and jurisdiction of provinces under the aegis of Rome. The two main trends are the idea of only one city or the hypothesis of two homonym places, but, in my opinion, it was a topic that has not been analysed in deep. The review of all the documents regarding this city (classical sources, epigraphy, paleotoponyms and historic quotations of this area) has allowed me to conclude that there was a unique city with this name. This oppidum was promoted under Caesar and belonged to the province of Baetica and the conventus Cordubensis.
Culto imperial y Romanidad: Una Aproximación a la construcción de la divinidad de la familia imperial durante el periodo julio-claudio en Hispania = Imperial Cult and Romanness: An Approach to the Construction of the Divinity of the Imperial Family dur...
Authors: Alarcón Hernández Carmen
Published: December 2018

El objetivo del artículo es profundizar en el modo en el que las comunidades hispanas construyeron la divinidad de los miembros de la dinastía Julio-Claudia mediante la consagración de sacerdocios cívicos de culto imperial. Concebidos los rituales en honor de la domus imperatoria como prácticas que reflejan la romanidad de sus participantes, se observa que, del mismo modo que la ‘romanitas’ de las provincias dejó de ser lo que los habitantes de la capital imperial entendían por dicha manifestación identitaria, el culto a la domus Augusta también se distanció del modelo que había nacido en la ciudad eterna con las consecrationes de los primeros divi y divae.The objective of the article is to delve into the way in which the Hispanic communities constructed the divinity of the members of the Julio-Claudia dynasty through the consecration of civic priesthoods of imperial cult. If the rituals in honor of the domus imperatoria are conceived as actions that reflect the romanness of its participants, it is observed that, just as the ‘romanitas’ of the provinces stopped being what the inhabitants of the imperial capital understood by this identity manifestation, the cult of the domus Augusta also distanced itself from the model that had been born in Rome with the consecrationes of the first divi and divae
El Imperio romano y la India en época de Augusto. Replanteamiento de las relaciones diplomáticas = The Roman Empire and India in the Time of Augustus. A Reappraisal of their Diplomatic Relations
Authors: Albaladejo Vivero Manuel
Published: December 2018

Este artículo trata acerca de tres aspectos vinculados con las embajadas que recibió Augusto durante su reinado procedentes de la India: los motivos concretos que condujeron a su envío; un intento de identificación del origen preciso de dichos emisarios; las misiones y objetivos de dichas embajadas indias.This article deals with three aspects related to the embassies that Augustus received from India during his reign: The specific reasons that led to their sending; an attempt to identify the precise origin of such emissaries; the missions and objectives of these Indian embassies.
Reseña de: M.ª Amparo Mateo Donet, La ejecución de los mártires cristianos en el Imperio Romano
Authors: Hernández de la Fuente David
Published: December 2018

Reseña de  M.ª Amparo Mateo Donet, La ejecución de los mártires cristianos en el Imperio Romano. Publicaciones del CEPOAT, 1; Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 2016.
Reseña de: Rathmann, Michael, Tabula Peutingeriana. Die einzige Weltkarte aus der Antike
Authors: Albaladejo Vivero Manuel
Published: December 2018

Reseña de: Rathmann, Michael: Tabula Peutingeriana. Die einzige Weltkarte aus der Antike. Philipp von Zabern Verlag, 2017, 112 pp., ISBN: 978-3-8053-5101-0
Los calendarios mexicanos del siglo xix del instituto mora: conservación significativa a partir de una curaduría de contenidos
Authors: Sandoval Ileana Zyzlila
Published: December 2018

Este artículo presenta el desarrollo de un proyecto de investigación–intervención cuyo objetivo es diseñar una forma de construir puentes entre los documentos antiguos y un público no académico, como el que generalmente los consulta, buscando con ello abrir la posibilidad de conservarlos más allá de su materialidad, esto es, a través de una conservación significativa en el terreno de la memoria social, utilizando para ello la curiosidad como herramienta. Como estudio de caso toma la colección de calendarios mexicanos del siglo XIX que se encuentra resguardada en el Fondo Antiguo de la Biblioteca “Ernesto de la Torre Villar” del Instituto Mora. Desde la curaduría de contenidos como estrategia de intervención, propone la utilización de la red social Pinterest como instrumento para activar los materiales seleccionados.
Reseña de Mnemosine. Biblioteca digital de La Otra Edad de Plata
Authors: Pérez Benavente Pablo
Published: December 2018

La Biblioteca Digital Mnemosine es un instrumento desarrollado por los grupos ILSA (Ingeniería del Lenguaje Software y Aplicaciones) y LOEP (La Otra Edad de Plata) de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid que almacena información sobre la literatura olvidada de la Edad de Plata con el fin de comprender mejor este periodo literario. Para ello recoge una serie de datos comunes de todas las obras así como otros específicos que varían dependiendo de la colección que se esté estudiando. De esta manera Mnemosine se adapta al enfoque que se le quiera dar en cada momento. La misma flexibilidad estructura la parte técnica: el software empleado permite que su base de datos sea facilmente contrastada y completada con la de otras bibliotecas. La facilidad con la que la Biblioteca Digital Mnemosine se modifica y adapta a los requisitos de cada investigación es su punto fuerte y lo que la diferencia de otras bibliotecas digitales.
Prensa digitalizada: herramientas y métodos digitales para una investigación a escala
Authors: Sanz Cabrerizo Amelia
Published: December 2018

Este artículo presenta las ventajas y desafíos de una investigación realizada a partir de la prensa digitalizada con métodos y herramientas digitales, tanto para las ciencias humanas en general, como para los estudios literarios y de la mujer en particular. Plantea la transformación de las condiciones de investigación que ha traído consigo la digitalización masiva de la prensa periódica y los problemas epistemológicos que ello acarrea.  Presenta un conjunto de proyectos de investigación novedosos en curso y propone líneas posibles de desarrollo para un futuro que ya es muy inmediato.
Scientific shortcomings in environmental impact statements internationally
Authors: Singh Gerald G , Lerner Jackie , Mach Megan , Clarke Murray Cathryn , Ranieri Bernardo , Peterson St-Laurent Guillaume , Wong Janson , Guimaraes Alice , Yunda-Guarin Gustavo , Satterfield Terre , Chan Kai
Published: December 2018

Governments around the world rely on environmental impact assessment (EIA) to provide rigorous analyses and an accurate appraisal of the risks and benefits of development. But how rigorous are the analyses conducted in EIAs, and how do they compare across nations? We evaluate the output from EIAs for jurisdictions in seven countries, focusing on scope (temporal and spatial), mitigation actions, and impact significance determination, which is integral for decision-making. We find that in all jurisdictions, the number of identified significant adverse impacts was consistently small (or nonexistent), regardless of context. Likely contributing to this uniformity, we find that the scopes of analyses are consistently narrower than warranted ecologically and toxicologically, many proposed mitigation measures are assumed to be effective with little to no justification,and that the professional judgement of developer-paid consultants is overwhelmingly the determinant of impact significance, with no transparent account of the reasoning processes involved. EIA can be salvaged as a rigorous, credible decision-aiding tool if rigor is enforced in assessment methodologies, regulators are empowered to enforce rigor, and pro-development conflict of interest is avoided.
Long-fragment targeted capture for long read sequencing of plastomes
Authors: Bethune Kevin , Mariac Cédric , Couderc Marie , Scarcelli Nora , Santoni Sylvian , Ardisson Morgane , Martin Jean-Francois , Montufar Rommel , Klein Valentin , Sabot Francois , Vigouroux Yves , Couvreur Thomas LP
Published: December 2018

Third generation sequencing methods generate significantly longer reads than those produced using alternative sequencing methods. This provides increased possibilities to better study biodiversity, phylogeography and population genetics. We developed a protocol for in-solution enrichment hybridization capture of long DNA fragments applicable to complete chloroplast genomes. The protocol uses cost effective in-house probes developed via long-range PCR and was used in six non-model monocot species (Poaceae: African rice, pearl millet, fonio; and three palm species). DNA was extracted from fresh and silicagel dried leaves. Our protocol successfully captured long read chloroplast fragments (up to 4264 bp median) with an enrichment rate ranging from 15% to 98%. DNA extracted from silicagel dried leaves led to low quality plastome assemblies when compared to freshly extracted DNA. Our protocol could also be generalized to capture long sequences from specific nuclear fragments.
Physically acting products for head lice – the end of the beginning
Authors: Burgess Ian F
Published: December 2018

Treatment of head louse infestation has evolved from widespread use of neurotoxic insecticides that have been extensively affected by resistance since the mid-1990s into the use of so-called physically acting treatments. It is widely believed that physically acting products are effectively “resistance proofed” because they do not act to inhibit any particular physiological mechanism and most have some kind of occlusive effect on the target organism. Over the past 20 years various new active materials have been utilized ranging from natural oils, synthetic oils, through to surfactants both as excipients and active substances. Relatively few of these products have been adequately tested clinically and, of those that have, there is now some indication that they are less effective than when first introduced. The question therefore arises whether lice can become resistant to these physically acting products. Only adequate testing both in the laboratory and in clinical trials can determine their real effectiveness and claiming efficacy based on the presence of a named chemical rather than demonstrated activity may result in acquired resistance to these types of product also.
The neurodevelopmental trajectory of Borderline Personality Disorder: a review
Authors: Edinboro Siobhan R , Nolte Tobias , Vilares Iris
Published: December 2018

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a complex psychological condition characterised by affective instability, cognitive impairment, problematic behaviours and social dysfunction. Due to the variability in symptomatic profiles, efforts have recently been directed towards comprehending the disorder from a neurological standpoint within the aforementioned domains. Although adolescent-onset BPD is now reliably diagnosed as the adult-onset variant, a limited number of studies address the neural correlates of first presentation BPD. Moreover, research investigating the outcomes of therapeutic interventions on brain function and morphology is scarce. Preliminary findings consistently cite the involvement of grey matter deficiencies of the orbitofrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala in the neuropathology of BPD. Additionally, frontolimbic white matter deficits are thought to be implicated. Functionally, over-activity in limbic regions such as the cingulate cortices and amygdala are believed to partially account for emotion dysregulation, though the neural correlates of cognitive, social and behavioural impairments are relatively poorly understood. The present review will endeavour to evaluate the existing neurobiological evidence for BPD in adolescence as well as adulthood. Finally, a rudimentary neurodevelopmental model of BPD will be proposed.
Single nucleus sequencing reveals evidence of inter-nucleus recombination in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Chen Eric CH , Mathieu Stephanie , Hoffrichter Anne , Sedzielewska-Toro Kinga , Peart Max , Pelin Adrian , Ndikumana Steve , Ropars Jeanne , Dreissig Steven , Fuchs Jorg , Brachmann Andreas , Corradi Nicolas
Published: December 2018

Eukaryotes thought to have evolved clonally for millions of years are referred to as ancient asexuals. The oldest group among these are the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which are plant symbionts harboring hundreds of nuclei within one continuous cytoplasm. Some AMF strains (dikaryons) harbor two co-existing nucleotypes but there is no direct evidence that such nuclei recombine in this life-stage, as is expected for sexual fungi. Here, we show that AMF nuclei with distinct genotypes can undergo recombination. Inter-nuclear genetic exchange varies in frequency among strains, and despite recombination all nuclear genomes have an average similarity of at least 99.8%. The present study demonstrates that AMF can generate genetic diversity via meiotic-like processes in the absence of observable mating. The AMF dikaryotic life-stage is a primary source of nuclear variability in these organisms, highlighting its potential for strain enhancement of these symbionts.
Spliceosome factors target timeless (tim) mRNA to control clock protein accumulation and circadian behavior in Drosophila
Authors: Shakhmantsir Iryna , Nayak Soumyashant , Grant Gregory R , Sehgal Amita
Published: December 2018

Transcription-translation feedback loops that comprise eukaryotic circadian clocks rely upon temporal delays that separate the phase of active transcription of clock genes, such as Drosophila period (per) and timeless (tim), from negative feedback by the two proteins. However, our understanding of the mechanisms involved is incomplete. Through an RNA interference screen, we found that pre-mRNA processing 4 (PRP4) kinase, a component of the U4/U5.U6 triple small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (tri-snRNP) spliceosome, and other tri-snRNP components regulate cycling of the molecular clock as well as rest:activity rhythms. Unbiased RNA-Sequencing uncovered an alternatively spliced intron in tim whose increased retention upon prp4 downregulation leads to decreased TIM levels. We demonstrate that the splicing of tim is rhythmic with a phase that parallels delayed accumulation of the protein in a 24 hr cycle. We propose that alternative splicing constitutes an important clock mechanism for delaying the daily accumulation of clock proteins, and thereby negative feedback by them.

Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
An experimental comparison of composite and grab sampling of stream water for metagenetic analysis of environmental DNA
Authors: Cornman Robert S. , McKenna James E. , Fike Jennifer , Oyler-McCance Sara J. , Johnson Robin
Published: December 2018

Use of environmental DNA (eDNA) to assess distributions of aquatic and semi-aquatic macroorganisms is promising, but sampling schemes may need to be tailored to specific objectives. Given the potentially high variance in aquatic eDNA among replicate grab samples, compositing smaller water volumes collected over a period of time may be more effective for some applications. In this study, we compared eDNA profiles from composite water samples aggregated over three hours with grab water samples. Both sampling patterns were performed with identical autosamplers paired at two different sites in a headwater stream environment, augmented with exogenous fish eDNA from an upstream rearing facility. Samples were filtered through 0.8 μm cellulose nitrate filters and DNA was extracted with a cetyl trimethylammonium bromide procedure. Eukaryotic and bacterial community profiles were derived by amplicon sequencing of 12S ribosomal, 16S ribosomal, and cytochrome oxidase I loci. Operational taxa were assigned to genus with a lowest common ancestor approach for eukaryotes and to family with the RDP Classifier software for prokaryotes. Eukaryotic community profiles were more consistent with composite sampling than grab sampling. Downstream, rarefaction curves suggested faster taxon accumulation for composite samples, and estimated richness was higher for composite samples as a set than for grab samples. Upstream, composite sampling produced lower estimated richness than grab samples, but with overlapping standard errors. Furthermore, a bimodal pattern of richness as a function of sequence counts suggested the impact of clumped particles on upstream samples. Bacterial profiles were insensitive to sample method, consistent with the more even dispersion expected for bacteria compared with eukaryotic eDNA. Overall, samples composited over 3 h performed equal to or better than triplicate grab sampling for quantitative community metrics, despite the higher total sequencing effort provided to grab replicates. On the other hand, taxon-specific detection rates did not differ appreciably and the two methods gave similar estimates of the ratio of the common fish generaSalmoandCoregonusat each site. Unexpectedly,SalmoeDNA dropped out substantially faster thanCoregonuseDNA between the two sites regardless of sampling method, suggesting that differential settling affects the estimation of relative abundance. We identified bacterial patterns that were associated with eukaryotic diversity, suggesting potential roles as biomarkers of sample representativeness.
Bacterial diversity and community in Qula from the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau in China
Authors: Zhu Yan , Cao Yingying , Yang Min , Wen Pengchen , Cao Lei , Ma Jiang , Zhang Zhongmin , Zhang Weibing
Published: December 2018

Qula is a cheese-like product usually prepared with unpasteurized yak milk under open conditions, with both endogenous and exogenous microorganisms involved in the fermentation process. In the present study, 15 Qula samples were collected from five different regions in China to investigate the diversity of microbial communities using high-throughput sequencing targeting the V3–V4 region of 16S rRNA gene. The bacterial diversity significantly differed among samples of different origins, indicating a possible effect of geography. The result also showed that microbial communities significantly differed in samples of different origin and these differences were greater at the genus than the phylum level. A total of six phyla were identified in the samples, and Firmicutes and Proteobacteria had a relative abundance >20%. A total of 73 bacterial genera were identified in the samples. Two dominant genera (Lactobacillus and Acetobacter) were common to all samples, and a total of 47 operational taxonomic units at different levels significantly differed between samples of different origin. The predicted functional genes of the bacteria present in samples also indicated differences in bacterial communities between the samples of different origin. The network analysis showed that microbial interactions between bacterial communities in Qula were very complex. This study lays a foundation for further investigations into its food ecology.
Simultaneous preservation of the DNA quality, the community composition and the density of freshwater oligochaetes for the development of genetically based biological indices
Authors: Vivien Régis , Werner Inge , Ferrari Benoit J.D.
Published: December 2018

Introduction

Oligochaetes are recognized as valuable bioindicators of sediment quality in streams and lakes. The development of an oligochaete index based on the identification of specimens using DNA barcodes requires a method for simultaneously preserving the DNA quality and information on the specimen density and oligochaete community composition. Absolute ethanol optimally preserves DNA but fixation of freshwater oligochaetes with this medium can cause disintegration and fragmentation of specimens. Here, we investigated the possibility to preserve oligochaete specimens in low-pH formalin and in neutral buffered formalin for up to four weeks before genetic analyses and tested if the addition of absolute ethanol to formalin-fixed oligochaetes resulted in a loss of specimens and/or species.

Methods

We performed guanidine extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification/sequencing of a fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene on tissue fragments preserved in low-pH formalin for up to 3 weeks and in neutral buffered formalin for up to 4 weeks. In addition, we compared the density and taxonomic composition of formalin-fixed oligochaetes of several sieved sediment samples before and after the addition of absolute ethanol.

Results

The COI fragment of all oligochaete specimens preserved in neutral buffered formalin for up to 28 days was successfully amplified by PCR and obtained sequences were complete and of high quality. The amplification success rate for low-pH formalin fixed specimens declined after 7 days of storage. The addition of absolute ethanol to formalin-fixed oligochaete communities did not alter density or diversity estimates.

Discussion

Our results indicate that sediment samples can be stored in neutral buffered formalin for up to 4 weeks and the sieved material can then be transferred to absolute ethanol, without affecting DNA quality, density and community composition of oligochaetes. Based on these results, a protocol for preserving freshwater oligochaetes, describing all the steps from collection of sediments to preservation of the biological material in absolute ethanol, is proposed. This method of fixation/preservation is of relevance for establishing DNA barcode reference databases, inventories of genetic diversity and developing genetically based biological indices.
Importance of biotic predictors in estimation of potential invasive areas: the example of the tortoise beetleEurypedus nigrosignatus, in Hispaniola
Authors: Simões Marianna V.P. , Peterson A. Townsend
Published: December 2018

Climatic variables have been the main predictors employed in ecological niche modeling and species distribution modeling, although biotic interactions are known to affect species’ spatial distributions via mechanisms such as predation, competition, and mutualism. Biotic interactions can affect species’ responses to abiotic environmental changes differently along environmental gradients, and abiotic environmental changes can likewise influence the nature of biotic interactions. Understanding whether and how to integrate variables at different scales in ecological niche models is essential to better estimate spatial distributions of species on macroecological scales and their responses to change. We report the leaf beetleEurypedus nigrosignatusas an alien species in the Dominican Republic and investigate whether biotic factors played a meaningful role in the distributional expansion of the species into the Caribbean. We evaluate ecological niche models built with an additive gradient of unlinked biotic predictors—host plants, using likelihood-based model evaluation criteria (Akaike information criterion and Bayesian information criterion) within a range of regularization multiplier parameter values. Our results support the argument that ecological niche models should be more inclusive, as selected biotic predictors can improve the performance of models, despite the increased model complexity, and show that biotic interactions matter at macroecological scales. Moreover, we provide an alternative approach to select optimal combination of relevant variables, to improve estimation of potential invasive areas using global minimum model likelihood scores.
Novel field observations of eucalypt sap feeding behaviour in the Eastern Pygmy-possum Cercartetus nanus
Authors: Hockey Renae , Wilmott Lachlan , Hall Lachlan , Madani George
Published: December 2018

The Eastern Pygmy-possum Cercartetus nanu s is a small arboreal marsupial in the family Burramyidae that is threatened in parts of its range. Considered a generalist omnivore, its diet is known to include invertebrates, seeds, nectar and pollen. Tree sap has never before been recorded as a part of the diet of C. nanus . Here, we report on two observations of C. nanus feeding on eucalypt sap in south-eastern New South Wales.
C/EBPβ and YY1 bind and interact with Smad3 to modulate lipopolysaccharide‐induced amelotin gene transcription in mouse gingival epithelial cells
Authors: Nakayama Yohei , Kobayashi Ryoki , Iwai Yasunobu , Noda Keisuke , Yamazaki Mizuho , Kurita‐Ochiai Tomoko , Yoshimura Atsutoshi , Ganss Bernhard , Ogata Yorimasa
Published: December 2018

Junctional epithelium (JE) develops from reduced enamel epithelium during tooth formation and is critical for the maintenance of healthy periodontal tissue through ensuring appropriate immune responses and the rapid turnover of gingival epithelial cells. We have previously shown a relationship between inflammatory cytokines and expression of JE‐specific genes, such as amelotin (AMTN), in gingival epithelial cells. Here, we elucidated the effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis‐derived lipopolysaccharide (PgLPS) on Amtn gene transcription and the interaction of transcription factors. To determine the molecular basis of transcriptional regulation of the Amtn gene by PgLPS, we performed real‐time PCR and carried out luciferase assays using a mouse Amtn gene promoter linked to a luciferase reporter gene in mouse gingival epithelial GE1 cells. Gel mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed to identify response elements bound to LPS‐induced transcription factors. Next, we analyzed protein levels of the LPS‐induced transcription factors and the interaction of transcription factors by western blotting and immunoprecipitation. LPS increased Amtn mRNA levels and elevated luciferase activities of constructs containing regions between −116 and −238 of the mouse Amtn gene promoter. CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein (C/EBP) 1–, C/EBP2– and Ying Yang 1 (YY1)–nuclear protein complexes were increased by LPS treatment. Furthermore, we identified LPS‐modulated interactions with C/EBPβ, YY1 and Smad3. These results demonstrate that PgLPS regulates Amtn gene transcription via binding of C/EBPβ–Smad3 and YY1–Smad3 complexes to C/EBP1, C/EBP2 and YY1 response elements in the mouse Amtn gene promoter.
Breaking the link: Distraction from emotional cues reduces the association between trait disinhibition and reactive physical aggression
Authors: Subramani Olivia S. , Parrott Dominic J. , Latzman Robert D. , Washburn David A.
Published: December 2018

Research has implicated biased attention allocation toward emotional cues as a proximal mechanism in the association between trait disinhibition and physical aggression. The current study tested this putative cognitive mechanism by incentivizing a shift of attention from a provoking stimulus to a neutral stimulus during a laboratory aggression paradigm. Participants were 119 undergraduate men. They completed a questionnaire that assessed trait disinhibition, were randomly assigned to a distraction or no‐distraction control condition, and completed a shock‐based aggression task in which they received low and high provocation from a fictitious opponent. A significant positive association between trait disinhibition and physical aggression was found among non‐distracted participants exposed to high, but not low, provocation. Distraction from provoking cues significantly attenuated this association. This study is among the first to provide experimental evidence of (a) the positive relation between trait disinhibition and laboratory‐based physical aggression, and (b) a potential method for attenuating this association.
Options and Skills Necessary for Navigating a Successful Transition to Postsecondary Education
Authors: Morningstar Mary E. , Shoemaker Andrew
Published: December 2018

This chapter describes several essential skills necessary for success in postsecondary education (PSE) for young adults with disabilities and provides a variety of models of support available to students with disabilities as they transition into PSE.
The Promise of Postsecondary Education for Students With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Grigal Meg , Papay Clare
Published: December 2018

It is important to consider learners with intellectual disability when seeking to serve all students equitably; so this chapter identifies the ways in which these considerations are becoming increasingly impactful.
What Comes Next?
Authors: Mazzotti Valerie L.
Published: December 2018

Given the information in the prior chapters, this chapter looks at the field of transition and recommends what the chapters suggest. Achieving successful rates of transition to postschool settings among students with special needs is a complex undertaking that requires clear planning, collaboration, a vision for both the students and the systems that serve them, an understanding of policies, and a focus on the whole learner.
Biomimetic Natural Killer Membrane Camouflaged Polymeric Nanoparticle for Targeted Bioimaging
Authors: Pitchaimani Arunkumar , Nguyen Tuyen Duong Thanh , Marasini Ramesh , Eliyapura Achini , Azizi Tahmineh , Jaberi‐Douraki Majid , Aryal Santosh
Published: December 2018

In the present study, a biomimetic nanoconstruct (BNc) with a multimodal imaging system is engineered using tumor homing natural killer cell membrane (NKM), near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye, and gadolinium (Gd) conjugate‐based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent onto the surface of a polymeric nanoparticle. The engineered BNc is 110 ± 20 nm in size and showed successful retention of NKM proteins. The magnetic properties of the BNc are found to be tunable from 2.1 ± 0.17 to 5.3 ± 0.5 mm−1 s−1 under 14.1 T, by adjusting the concentration of Gd‐lipid conjugate onto the surface of the BNc. Confocal imaging and cell sorting analysis reveal a distinguishable cellular interaction of the BNc with MCF‐7 cells in comparison to that of bare polymeric nanoparticles suggesting the tumor homing properties of NKM camouflage system. The in vitro cellular interaction results are further confirmed by in vivo NIR fluorescent tumor imaging and ex vivo MR imaging, respectively. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution analysis of the BNc show longer circulation half‐life (≈9.5 h) and higher tumor accumulation (10% of injected dose) in MCF‐7 induced tumor‐bearing immunodeficient NU/NU nude mice. Owing to the proven immunosurveillance potential of NK‐cell in the field of immunotherapy, the BNc engineered herein would hold promises in the design consideration of nanomedicine engineering.
Deconstructing Immune Microenvironments of Lymphoid Tissues for Reverse Engineering
Authors: Witzel Ini‐Isabée , Nasser Rasha , Garcia‐Sabaté Anna , Sapudom Jiranuwat , Ma Chao , Chen Weiqiang , Teo Jeremy C. M.
Published: December 2018

The immune microenvironment presents a diverse panel of cues that impacts immune cell migration, organization, differentiation, and the immune response. Uniquely, both the liquid and solid phases of every specific immune niche within the body play an important role in defining cellular functions in immunity at that particular location. The in vivo immune microenvironment consists of biomechanical and biochemical signals including their gradients, surface topography, dimensionality, modes of ligand presentation, and cell–cell interactions, and the ability to recreate these immune biointerfaces in vitro can provide valuable insights into the immune system. This manuscript reviews the critical roles played by different immune cells and surveys the current progress of model systems for reverse engineering of immune microenvironments with a focus on lymphoid tissues.
Ex Vivo Tumor‐on‐a‐Chip Platforms to Study Intercellular Interactions within the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Kumar Vardhman , Varghese Shyni
Published: December 2018

The emergence of immunotherapies and recent FDA approval of several of them makes them a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer. While these advancements underscore the potential of engaging the immune system to target tumors, this approach has so far been efficient only for certain cancers. Extending immunotherapy as a widely acceptable treatment for various cancers requires a deeper understanding of the interactions of tumor cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The immune cells are a key component of the TME, which also includes other stromal cells, soluble factors, and extracellular matrix‐based cues. While in vivo studies function as a gold standard, tissue‐engineered microphysiological tumor models can offer patient‐specific insights into cancer‐immune interactions. These platforms, which recapitulate cellular and non‐cellular components of the TME, enable a systematic understanding of the contribution of each component toward disease progression in isolation and in concert. Microfluidic‐based microphysiological platforms recreating these environments, also known as “tumor‐on‐a‐chip,” are increasingly being utilized to study the effect of various elements of TME on tumor development. Herein are reviewed advancements in tumor‐on‐a‐chip technology that are developed and used to understand the interaction of tumor cells with other surrounding cells, including immune cells, in the TME.