bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discretization of Riemannian manifolds applied to the Hodge Laplacian
Authors: Mantuano Tatiana
Published: December 2008

For $\kappa \geq 0$ and $r_0 > 0$, let ${\Bbb M}(n,\kappa,r_0)$ be the set
of all connected compact $n$-dimensional Riemannian manifolds such
that $|K_g| \leq \kappa$ and $Inj(M,g) \geq r_0$. We study the
relation between the $k^{{\rm th}}$ positive eigenvalue of the
Hodge Laplacian on differential forms and the $k^{{\rm th}}$
positive eigenvalue of the combinatorial Laplacian associated to
an open cover (acting on \v{C}ech cochains). We show that for a fixed
sufficiently small $\varepsilon > 0$ there exist positive constants $c_1$
and $c_2$ depending only on $n$, $\kappa$ and $\varepsilon$ such that for
any $M \in {\Bbb M}(n,\kappa,r_0)$ and for any $\varepsilon$-discretization $X$ of $M$ we
have $c_1 \lambda_{k,p}(X) \leq \lambda_{k,p}(M) \leq c_2
\lambda_{k,p}(X)$ for any $k \leq K$ ($K$ depends on $X$).
Moreover, we find a lower bound for the spectrum of the
combinatorial Laplacian and a lower bound for the spectrum of the
Hodge Laplacian.
Projective toric varieties as fine moduli spaces of quiver representations
Authors: Craw Alastair , Smith Gregory G.
Published: December 2008

This paper proves that every projective toric variety is the fine
moduli space for stable representations of an appropriate bound
quiver. To accomplish this, we study the quiver $Q$ with relations
$R$ corresponding to the finite-dimensional algebra $\mathop{\rm End}\nolimits(
\textstyle\bigoplus\nolimits_{i=0}^{r} L_i )$ where
${\cal L} := ({\scr O}_X,L_1, \ldots, L_r)$ is a list of line
bundles on a projective toric variety $X$. The quiver $Q$ defines a
smooth projective toric variety, called the multilinear series
$|{\cal L}|$, and a map $X \longrightarrow |{\cal L}|$. We provide
necessary and sufficient conditions for the induced map to be a
closed embedding. As a consequence, we obtain a new geometric
quotient construction of projective toric varieties. Under slightly
stronger hypotheses on ${\cal L}$, the closed embedding
identifies $X$ with the fine moduli space of stable representations
for the bound quiver $(Q,R)$.
Frobenius fields for elliptic curves
Authors: Cojocaru Alina Carmen , David Chantal
Published: December 2008

Let $E/{\Bbb Q}$ be an elliptic curve over the field of
rational numbers, with ${\mathop{\rm End}}_{\bar{{\Bbb Q}}}(E) = {\Bbb Z}$.
Let $K$ be a fixed imaginary quadratic field over ${\Bbb Q}$,
and $x$ a positive real number. For each prime $p$ of good
reduction for $E$, let $\pi_p(E)$ be a root of the
characteristic polynomial of the Frobenius endomorphism of $E$
over the finite field ${\Bbb F}_p$. Let $\Pi_{E}(K; x)$
be the number of primes $p \leq x$ such that the field
extension ${\Bbb Q}(\pi_p(E))$ is the fixed
imaginary quadratic field $K$. We present upper bounds for
$\Pi_{E}(K; x)$ obtained using two different approaches.
The first one,
inspired from work of Serre, is to consider the image of
Frobenius in a mixed Galois representation associated to $K$ and
to the elliptic curve $E$. The second one, inspired from
work of Cojocaru, Fouvry and Murty, is based on an application
of the square sieve. The bounds obtained using the first approach are
better, $\Pi_E(K; x) \ll x^{4/5}/(\log x)^{1/5}$,
and are the best known so far.
The bounds obtained using the second approach are weaker,
but
are independent of the number field $K$, a property which is
essential for other applications.
All results are conditional upon GRH.
On deformation types of real elliptic surfaces
Authors: Degtyarev Alex , Itenberg Ilia , Kharlamov Viatcheslav
Published: December 2008

We study real elliptic surfaces and trigonal curves
(over a base of an arbitrary genus)
and their equivariant deformations. We calculate
the real Tate-Shafarevich group and reduce
the deformation classification to
the combinatorics of a real version
of Grothendieck's {\it dessins d'enfants}.
As a consequence,
we obtain an explicit description
of the deformation classes of $M$- and
$(M-1)$- (i.e., maximal and submaximal in the sense
of the Smith inequality) curves and surfaces.
On p -adic absolute CM-periods I
Authors: Kashio Tomokazu , Yoshida Hiroyuki
Published: December 2008

The second author defined the absolute CM-period symbol using
the multiple gamma function. This symbol is conjectured to give the same value
as Shimura's period symbol up to multiplication by algebraic numbers.
In this paper, we define a $p$-adic analogue of the absolute CM-period symbol,
using the $p$-adic multiple gamma function studied by the
first author.
In the completely split case, we present a conjecture which predicts
the exact value of this symbol as well as supporting evidences.
The irreducibility of certain pure-cycle Hurwitz spaces
Authors: Liu Fu , Osserman Brian
Published: December 2008

We study "pure-cycle" Hurwitz spaces, parametrizing
covers of the projective line having only one ramified point over each
branch point. We start with the case of genus-$0$ covers, using a
combination of limit linear series theory and group theory to show that
these spaces are always irreducible. In the case of four branch points,
we also compute the associated Hurwitz numbers. Finally, we give a
conditional result in the higher-genus case, requiring at least $3g$ simply
branched points. These results have equivalent formulations in group theory,
and in this setting complement results of Conway-Fried-Parker-V\"olklein.
Cubic hypersurfaces and integrable systems
Authors: Iliev Atanas , Manivel Laurent
Published: December 2008

Together with the cubic and quartic threefolds, the cubic fivefolds
are the only hypersurfaces of odd dimension bigger than one for which the intermediate
Jacobian is a nonzero principally polarized abelian variety
(p.p.a.v.).
In this paper we show that
the family of $21$-dimensional intermediate Jacobians of cubic fivefolds containing
a given cubic fourfold $X$ is generically an algebraic integrable system.
In the proof we apply an integrability criterion, introduced and used by
Donagi and Markman to find a similar integrable system over the family of cubic
threefolds in $X$. To enter in the conditions of this criterion, we write down
explicitly the symplectic structure, known by Beauville and Donagi, on the family
$F(X)$ of lines on the general cubic fourfold $X$, and prove that the family of
planes on a cubic fivefold containing $X$ is embedded as a Lagrangian surface in
$F(X)$. By a symplectic reduction we deduce that our integrable system induces
on the nodal boundary another integrable system, interpreted generically as the
family of $20$-dimensional intermediate Jacobians of Fano threefolds of genus
four contained in $X$. Along the way we prove an Abel-Jacobi type isomorphism
for the Fano surface of conics in the general Fano threefold of genus four, and
compute the numerical invariants of this surface.
Lie group structures on automorphism groups of real-analytic CR manifolds
Authors: Lamel Bernhard , Mir Nordine , Zaitsev Dmitri
Published: December 2008

Given any real-analytic CR manifold $M$, we provide general conditions on
$M$ guaranteeing that the group of all its global real-analytic CR
automorphisms Aut$_{CR}(M)$ is a Lie group (in an appropriate topology).
In particular, we obtain a Lie group structure for Aut$_{CR}(M)$ when $M$
is an arbitrary compact real-analytic hypersurface embedded in some Stein
manifold.
Research, Therapy, and Bioethical Hegemony: The Controversy over Perinatal AZT Trials in Africa
Authors: Wendland Claire L.
Published: December 2008

Research on zidovudine (AZT) for pregnant women in Africa sparked worldwide debate in the late 1990s. The debate ultimately led to the rewriting of international ethics guidelines, in at least one case specifically to prohibit use of a placebo group (the most controversial aspect of the research) when known effective treatment is available. I draw upon clinical experience in Malawi and theoretical perspectives from anthropology to reframe the controversy. The dominant bioethical position constructed research and therapy as ethically distinct. This distinction ensured that inequalities of power and resources were perpetuated, not remedied, by the AZT debates.
Some Reflections on Making Popular Culture in Urban Africa
Authors: Simone AbdouMaliq
Published: December 2008

In contemporary urban Africa, the turbulence of the city requires incessant innovation that is capable of generating new ways of being. Rather than treating popular culture as some distinctive sector, this article attempts to investigate the popular as methods of bringing together activities and actors that on the surface would not seem compatible, and as experimental forms of generating value in the everyday life of urban residents. This investigation, sited largely in Douala, Cameroon, looks at how youth from varying neighborhoods attempt to get by, and at the unexpected forms of contestation that can ensue.
Any Color of the Rainbow—As Long as It's Gray: Dramatic Learning Spaces in Postapartheid South Africa
Authors: Prentki Tim
Published: December 2008

This article addresses the issue of the relationship between contemporary South African politics and the type of socially committed theater that might be capable of mounting a critique of those politics. The author highlights the contradictions between the aspirations of the Freedom Charter and the realities of subscribing to the neoliberal world order. His contention is that any theater form that is seeking cultural intervention must find a way of representing contradiction if it is to remain true to the experiences of its audiences and its participants. Such a representation can be achieved through a combination of Bertolt Brecht's praxis in relation to contradiction and current practices in Theatre for Development, which themselves draw upon aspects of the antiapartheid resistance theater.
“Neopatrimonialism” and Agricultural Development in Africa: Contributions and Limitations of a Contested Concept
Authors: deGrassi Aaron
Published: December 2008

The “neopatrimonial” character of African states has increasingly been invoked to explain the politics of agricultural stagnation across the continent. This article summarizes the literature on neopatrimonialism, reviewing how analysts have applied the concept in studies of food and agricultural policies in Africa. It then draws out some of the key contributions of such an approach, and describes limitations, both methodological and substantive. Finally, it asks how and why the concept has been deployed, and recommends greater circumspection, research, and refinement.
Gacaca: Truth, Justice, and Reconciliation in Postconflict Rwanda?
Authors: Rettig Max
Published: December 2008

In institutionalizing gacaca, the Rwandan government has launched one of the most ambitious transitional justice projects the world has ever seen. But gacaca is controversial, and its contribution to postconflict reconciliation is unclear. Through public opinion surveys, trial observations, and interviews, this study provides a window into how gacaca has shaped interethnic relations in one Rwandan community. Although gacaca has brought more people to trial than the ICTR, transnational trials, and the ordinary Rwandan courts combined, gacaca exposes—and perhaps deepens—conflict, resentment, and ethnic disunity. Lies, half-truths, and silence have limited gacaca's contribution to truth, justice, and reconciliation.
The Elephant in the Room: Confronting the Colonial Character of Wildlife Conservation in Africa
Authors: Garland Elizabeth
Published: December 2008

This article draws attention to the structural inequalities that characterize the position of Africans within the global symbolic and political economies of African wildlife conservation, and theorizes these inequalities in ways that move beyond the critique of conservation as simply a colonial or neocolonial imposition. Conceptualizing wildlife conservation in Africa as a mode of global capitalist production, the article argues both for broadening the analytic lens through which the effects of conservation on Africa are assessed, and for redressing the global power dynamics that currently surround the protection of African wild animals.
Race and Medical Practice in Kansas City's Free Dispensary
Authors: Crenner Christopher
Published: December 2008

Patient records from the Kansas City Free Dispensary, 1906–1912, provide material for a case study of race in early twentieth-century medicine. The dispensary was a free, racially integrated medical clinic operated for educational purposes by the University of Kansas. Little historical work has been done examining the role of race in routine medical practice. Medical records give insight to the development of durable clinical habits and rules of thumb. Practitioners at the Kansas City Free Dispensary showed clear racial inequities in their care, for example in the treatment of pain, but they did not acknowledge or explain their practices, although the necessary rhetoric and justifications lay close at hand. The author speculates that the disavowal of scientific racism in medicine in decades to follow may have done little to dislodge habits that became embedded in informal clinical judgments.
Psychological Trauma and Its Treatment in the Polio Epidemics
Authors: Wilson Daniel J.
Published: December 2008

In this paper, I explore the kinds of psychological trauma experienced by polio patients in the mid-twentieth century in the United States. I argue that the trauma was the result of the experience of sudden paralysis, the conditions under which patients were treated, and the expectations for rehabilitation derived from the psychosocial context of the period. Psychiatric and psychological counseling in hospitals was only beginning to be offered in this period, and most polio patients received little or no counseling or assistance in dealing with their psychological problems. Contemporary psychological studies suggest that many polio patients suffered from psychological problems but that they were relatively mild. However, compared with the many studies of the physical problems of polio patients, there were relatively few studies of the psychological issues associated with the disease. The narratives and memoirs of polio survivors vividly testify to the psychological burden they experienced as patients during both the acute phase of the illness and during rehabilitation.
Allied Against Reform: Pharmaceutical Industry–Academic Physician Relations in the United States, 1945–1970
Authors: Tobbell Dominique A.
Published: December 2008

During the 1960s, the drug industry was the subject of two congressional investigations into its business practices and pricing policies, and in 1962, passage of the Drug Amendments mandated greater Food and Drug Administration authority over pharmaceutical development. In this article, I examine the industry's efforts to circumvent these political challenges by drawing on its longstanding relationship with academic physicians and the American Medical Association. Using the medical profession's shared concern about expanding government oversight over therapeutic practice, the industry called on academic physicians to join forces with it and establish an expert advisory body to guide government officials on pharmaceutical policy. Drawing on research in the archives of the University of Pennsylvania and the National Academy of Sciences and a careful reading of the trade and biomedical literature and congressional documents, I argue that by positioning themselves as pharmaceutical experts, the members of this industry–academic alliance gave industry a seat at the policy table and enabled it to challenge the efforts of pharmaceutical reformers to further increase the government's role in drug development.
Whose Body Is It Anyway?: Trading the Dead Poor, Coroner's Disputes, and the Business of Anatomy at Oxford University, 1885–1929
Authors: Hurren Elizabeth T.
Published: December 2008

This article examines the application of the Anatomy Act (1832) at Oxford University, circa 1885–1929. For the first time it retraces the economy of supply in dead bodies, sold by various black-market intermediaries and welfare agencies, transported on the railway to Oxford. Both pauper cadavers and body parts were used to train doctors in human anatomy at a time when student demand always exceeded the economy of supply. An added problem was that the trade in dead bodies was disrupted by a city coroner for Oxford in a bid to improve his professional standing. Disputes about medico-legal authority over the pauper corpse meant that the Anatomy Department failed to convince the local poor in the city center to sell their loved ones' remains for dissection on a regular basis. Adverse publicity was a constant financial headache for anatomists. Consistently, they had to pay higher prices for cadavers than their competitors did. Often bodies were purchased in surrounding Midlands towns. This context explains why the Anatomy Department at Oxford failed at the business of anatomy in the late Victorian and early Edwardian eras.
Business Process as Tacit Knowledge Equilibrium
Authors: French Monique L. , Martz Ben
Published: December 2008

In this article, we present a model of technology transfer that emphasizes Nonaka and Takeuchi's (1995) four phases of knowledge creation and incorporates the ideas of innovation diffusion from Everett Rogers and others. In our model, instability occurs as a result of changing environmental expectations that disturb the knowledge equilibrium, as these expectations are now different from the expectations of the existing process. Under the right conditions, this disequilibrium can initiate a process of knowledge creation that can have important benefits. Our model then describes how the knowledge—the technology, in this case—evolves and diffuses to create a new equilibrium state. We apply this model to the development of new manufacturing-process technology in a chemical-blending company, wherein excessive product returns, which at first would appear to be a problem, become instead an opportunity as new knowledge is created. We describe the manufacturing process under study and explain the knowledge creation process at our case company.We also discuss the tangible and intangible benefits that resulted and the conditions in place at the company that made this process possible.
Technology Importation, Corporate Strategies, and the Rise of the Japanese Semiconductor Industry in the 1950s
Authors: Choi Hyungsub
Published: December 2008

During the 1950s, the Japanese semiconductor industry rose from nothing to a level that was roughly on par with that of the United States. It is undeniable that this was due in large part to the importation of advanced technology from leading U.S. firms. In the process of technology transfer from the United States to Japan, previous scholars have emphasized the importance of the role played by the highly restrictive government technology-importation policy during this period. The aim of this article is to analyze this story from the perspective of Japanese companies, which exhibited divergent strategies for acquiring foreign technology. These strategies were shaped by complex calculations that took into account firms' organizational capability and U.S. licensing practices and antitrust policy, as well as the technology-importation policy of MITI (Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry). In short, this article argues that Japanese firms were not passive receptors, but active agents in shaping the pattern of technology importation.
The Power of Technology: U.S. Hegemony and the Transfer of Guided Missiles to NATO during the Cold War, 1953–1962
Authors: Nilsson Mikael
Published: December 2008

Through a large part of the 1950s, the United States was very hesitant to share guided-missile technology with its NATO allies. But by the end of the decade, the U.S. attitude had changed and in the early 1960s guided missiles were being transferred to Western Europe in large numbers. This article considers the reasons for the change in the United States' nondisclosure policy, arguing that the transfer of guided-missile technology became a means for the United States to uphold its hegemony in Western Europe. After much prodding by the European NATO countries throughout the 1950s, U.S. policy makers eventually realized that their attitude had to change if the United States was to retain the confidence of its allies. The change was implemented in basic hegemonic terms: in exchange for recognizing U.S. military and economic leadership, the consenting governments had to be offered some kind of material benefits. Military technology was a central ingredient in the bargaining between the United States and the NATO countries during the cold war. Without the transfer of U.S. military technology to Western Europe on a massive scale, the United States could not have claimed to be "the leader of the free world." The article shows that a hegemonic state must be sensitive to the demands of its subordinate nations if it wants to retain its leadership in international affairs, and that hegemony is achieved only at a price.
Identifying Superior Performance Factors Relevant to Australian University TTOs
Authors: Collier Alan J.
Published: December 2008

Australian universities, like their counterparts in other developed economies, are are being encouraged to undertake greater efforts to commercialize their research results for a range of reasons, including improving the welfare of the community, stimulating economic performance, and creating the so-called third stream of funding. This article uses data from 13 university case studies 1 to identify the factors that influence universities' performance in technology transfer and commercialization. It concludes that there are three principal factors that are essential for universities to achieve superior commercialization performance: long-term and consistent support for the commercialization function from the university government and its senior executives; TTO management that is commercially focused and experienced; and a university undertaking research with global commercial potential.
A New Look at the Epistolary Framework of the Secret Gospel of Mark
Authors: Jay Jeff
Published: December 2008

This article offers the first epistolary analysis of Clement's letter to Theodore and demonstrates that it comports in form, content, and function with other ancient letters that addressed similar circumstances. In these letters authors issue accounts of the composition and transmission of their works in order to diminish confusions that arose when premature, stolen, and conflicting copies reached the public. The analogy provided by these letters helps establish the remarkable generic coherence of the letter to Theodore, which is difficult to explain by the supposition that the letter is a modern forgery.
How Thin Is a Demon?
Authors: Smith Gregory A.
Published: December 2008

Widespread assumptions about the material constitution of demons in Roman and later antiquity have much to teach us about conceptions of the cosmos and the human person. Focusing on spiritual, psychological, or even the social implications of demons, the sophisticated readings of recent scholarship have proved so fruitful that more fundamental ideas about matter, physics, and biology are easy to miss. Exploring the physical "science" of demons, however, need not preclude their psychological interpretation. On the contrary, simultaneous attention to matter and spirit suggests that demons and people had more in common than we might otherwise suspect.
A Cure for Rabies or a Remedy for Concupiscence?: A Baptism of the Elchasaites
Authors: Nicolotti Andrea
Published: December 2008

The author of the Elenchos attributes to Alcibiades of Apamea, an Elchasaite who had arrived in Rome around 220 C.E. , the preaching of a baptism for the remission of sin, and of ablutions for those that had been bitten by a rabid dog, the sick with consumption, and the possessed by demons. Erik Peterson has interpreted the rabid dog and the diseases as allegories of concupiscence, coming to the conclusion that the Elchasaite immersion would not have been an antidote for rabies, consumption, or demonic possession but rather a remedy against concupiscence and against the proliferation of sexual passion. In my opinion, such allegoric explanation is to be rejected. The symptoms of rabies—a disease which causes the infected to suffer from hydrophobia—could have been considered by the baptist Elchasaites as proof of a demonic presence within the person. Likewise, the mention of consumption and demonic possession should be interpreted literally, according to a cultural context in which disease, demonic possession, and sins were considered to be tightly linked. The Elenchos would therefore contain an ancient testimony of a Christian exorcistic rite performed in the water.
The Religious Implications of Fishing and Bullfighting in Hemingway’s Work
Authors: Kroupi Agori
Published: December 2008

Hemingway’s preoccupation with sports in general and fishing and bullfighting in particular is a recurrent theme in his fiction. Some critics believe that Hemingway’s obsession with sport serves as a “substitute for religion.” Others claim that the excessive description of sports in his work not only replaces religion but also subsumes it. Still others have suggested that the ritual character of his sports descriptions expresses nothing less than Hemingway’s creative process. This article will explore the problem of redemption as it appears in central fishing and bullfighting metaphors conveying religious meaning in Hemingway’s fiction.
Harry Burns and Professor MacWalsey in Ernest Hemingway’s To Have and Have Not
Authors: Bender Bert
Published: December 2008

In 1936, Professor Harry Burns of the University of Washington, met and befriended Ernest Hemingway in Key West, Florida. Hemingway later wrote to Burns, telling him that he had based a minor character in his new novel ( To Have and Have Not ) on Burns and had named that character Professor MacWalsey. Burns renewed the friendship in 1951, when he visited the Hemingways in Cuba and read Hemingway’s manuscript of The Old Man and the Sea . This article explores the Hemingway-Burns relationship through an examination of Burns’s correspondence with Hemingway and with biographer Carlos Baker.
Singling Out John Monk Saunders: Hemingway’s Thoughts on an Imitator
Authors: Goff Jill Jividen
Published: December 2008

By the late 1920s and early 1930s, the literary scene was riddled with imitators of the infectious and seemingly effortless Hemingway style. These included John Monk Saunders, a Hollywood screenwriter and wwi veteran who published the novel Single Lady in 1931. His narrative imitates the characters, dialogue, and storyline of The Sun Also Rises , but fails to capture any of the novel’s depth or dignity. The similarities between Saunders’s novel and Hemingway’s escaped neither critics nor Hemingway himself. The author of The Sun Also Rises wrote to his lawyer Maurice Speiser about Saunders when the film version of Single Lady prevented Hemingway from getting a good price for the movie rights to his own novel.
Pen/Hemingway Prize Keynote Address Delivered at the John F. Kennedy Library 30 March 2008
Authors: Hoffman Alice
Published: December 2008

Each year the Ernest Hemingway Foundation and PEN/New England award the PEN/Hemingway prize for the year’s best first work of fiction. The award is presented at a gala reception at the John F. Kennedy Library, home of the Hemingway Collection, and a distinguished author delivers the keynote address. In this issue, we present the keynote address of Alice Hoffman, who spoke at the ceremony honoring 2008 PEN/Hemingway award winner Joshua Ferris and his novel, Then We Came to the End . Hoffman has published a total of eighteen novels, two books of short fiction, and eight books for children and young adults. Her novel, Here on Earth , an Oprah Book Club choice, was a modern reworking of Emily Brontë’s masterpiece Wuthering Heights . She is perhaps best-known for her novel Practical Magic (1996), adapted into the 1998 film starring Nicole Kidman, and for At Risk (1998) a novel about a family dealing with AIDS. Hoffman’s novels have received mention as notable books of the year by The New York Times , The Los Angeles Times , and Library Journal .
Hemingway’s Modern Hymn: Music and the Church as Background Sources for “God Rest You Merry, Gentlemen”
Authors: Camastra Nicole J.
Published: December 2008

Critical interpretations of “God Rest You Merry, Gentlemen” have puzzled over the story’s opening analogy of Kansas City to Constantinople. This essay explores sequestered musico-religious traditions as a means of locating the comparison in a tonal cartography rather than a geographical one. The musical context is deepened, also, by examining Hemingway’s ancestral connection both to church music and, remotely, to the castrati, castrated young boys whose vocal talents irrevocably altered the development of music in the Western church. While many readers dismiss the story as a fragmented narrative failure, reading “God Rest You” as a prose hymn renders both its peculiar narrative structure and disturbing content part of a cohesive artistic vision.
Hemingway’s The Fifth Column , Fifthcolumnism, and the Spanish Civil War
Authors: Valis Noël
Published: December 2008

The central issue in Hemingway’s play, The Fifth Column , is its moral core, which determines whether the work is political propaganda or a political morality play. The work, however, is too morally confused to be either. This confusion is the fifth column, the idea of an enemy within sabotaging the Spanish Republic’s ideals. This essay examines the historic context of real fifthcolumnism as a structure of moral and political disorder and Hemingway’s internalization of fifthcolumnism through the moral ambiguities of his protagonist, Philip Rawlings.
“A Very Attractive Devil”: Gregory Hemingway in Islands in the Stream
Authors: Ashe Fred
Published: December 2008

Since Gregory Hemingway’s death in 2001, we continue to learn more about Hemingway’s relationship to his youngest son. This essay re-examines Gregory’s most prominent fictional avatar, Andrew from Islands in the Stream , in light of Gregory’s transvestism and Ernest’s highly conflicted reaction to it. Thomas Hudson, as the narrative consciousness of the novel, bears a hostility toward Andrew disproportionate to the boy’s behavior. More subtly, however, Hudson identifies with his youngest son and implicates himself in Andrew’s perceived shortcomings. From a biographical perspective, I trace the extent to which this identification is based on a shared receptiveness to the feminine.
Mano a Mano Rivalries in Spain and America: Hemingway vs. Faulkner in The Dangerous Summer
Authors: Fruscione Joseph
Published: December 2008

The Dangerous Summer subtextually recasts the Hemingway-Faulkner rivalry through its competitive tenor, remarks on craft and integrity, and evaluations of the matadors. It parallels similar psycho-competitive patterns between Hemingway and Faulkner, with the matadors as the writers’ psychological counterparts. Hemingway identifies himself with Ordóñez and Faulkner with Dominguín, contrasting the matadors’ styles, audiences, and successes as he contrasted his own and Faulkner’s. Hemingway’s connection with Ordóñez resembles what Melanie Klein has called “projective identification,” a defense against Hemingway’s own personal and professional anxieties. For Hemingway, Faulkner and Dominguín resort to trickery, while he and Ordóñez embody technical perfection.
Traces of A. E. Housman (and Shakespeare) in Hemingway
Authors: Monteiro George
Published: December 2008

Hemingway admired Housman’s A Shropshire Lad but dismissed Last Poems . Yet Hemingway’s work shows traces of Housman poems from both volumes. There are resemblances between Housman’s “The Carpenter’s Son” and Hemingway’s “To Will Davies” and Chapter XV of in our time , Housman’s “Soldier from the wars returning” and “Soldier’s Home,” Housman’s “The Deserter” and A Farewell to Arms , Housman’s “Epitaph on an Army of Mercenaries” and Hemingway’s “The Mercenaries,” and Housman’s “The Day of Battle” and “The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber.” In the last instance both Housman and Hemingway quote Shakespeare’s most famous lines on courage and cowardice.
Comparing Educational Trajectories of Two Chinese Students and One Latina Student, A Social Capital Approach
Authors: Prado Jose M.
Published: December 2008

This qualitative study compares and analyzes the social network experiences of two working-class Chinese students from immigrant families (Sally, Alex) to those of one working-class Latina student from an immigrant family (Elizabeth). Theory holds that these students would have difficulty obtaining educational resources and support (i.e., social capital) to hurdle educational discrimination (Biddle, 2001). They would also have difficulty devising post-secondary education plans. As is argued throughout, it is Chinese students' presence in the more resource-full networks and organizations that facilitate their acquisition of social capital. This bears on their greater educational trajectories. The Latina student's experience contrasts theirs. Her limited social capital complicates her ability to hurdle educational discrimination. This reduces her high school opportunities and her post-secondary educational opportunities.
When Remedial Means What It Says: How Teachers Use Data to Reform Instructional Interventions
Authors: Tedford Jennifer
Published: December 2008

As technology becomes increasingly integrated into K-12 education, the use of data is growing in volume and complexity, resulting in a paradox of information overload for educators. While administrators and teachers have access to more data than ever before, they are only just beginning to understand the impact of data on program improvement. In a case study of one high-performing California high school, teacher leaders analyzed multiple sources of data related to the school's program placement practices, specifically those related to a reading intervention program. Results indicate that low performing students can benefit from specific instruction tailored to their needs in courses that are not classified as "college preparatory." This study poses implications for administrators and instructional leaders who use data to inform their placement practices, ability grouping, and instructional interventions.
Language and Literacy in the Pentecostal Church and the Public High School: A Case Study of a Mexican ESL Student
Authors: Ek Lucila D.
Published: December 2008

Drawing from a multi-year ethnography of a Latino/a immigrant Pentecostal church and from high school observations and interviews of three focal students, this article compares the language and literacy experiences of an immigrant Mexican Pentecostal adolescent in church and school contexts. I document how the youth's Sunday school class fostered a collective, supportive, and caring environment while his high school was marked by isolation, alienation, and hostility. The church afforded him opportunities to engage in rich language and literacy practices, and through his participation he became a competent member of the church. In contrast, his language and literacy classes at school were characterized by a lack of effective instruction and a watered-down curriculum. Sociocultural theory and critical pedagogy serve as frameworks to shed light on how schooling is embedded in the social, cultural, and political context. Implications and recommendations for schools, teachers, and administrators are offered.
Roman Consuls, Imperial Politics, and Egyptian Papyri: The Consulates of 325 and 344 CE
Authors: Salway Benet
Published: December 2008

This study re-evaluates the evidence for the consuls in two years when consular proclamations were revoked for unspecified reasons. Thanks to work done in recent decades to index and analyze the evidence for Roman consuls from Diocletian onward, it now is much easier to gain an overview of contemporary understanding of the identity of the consuls of each year. The ever-growing body of epigraphic and, above all, papyrological documentation helps to put flesh on the bare bones of the names preserved in the consular lists of the manuscript tradition. These documentary sources have the virtue of representing a contemporary perspective that is largely free from retrospective editorial manipulation. To appreciate fully the significance of the evidence of the consular formulae employed in late Roman Egypt, it needs to be assessed within the wider context of the use of consular dating both within Egypt in earlier periods and elsewhere.
The Political Development of the Ghassān between Rome and Iran
Authors: Fisher Greg
Published: December 2008

State-formation and the centralization of political power in the Near East is a topic of enduring interest. Especial attention has fallen on the transformation of weak and diffuse peripheral groups, often located between or on the fringes of states and empires, into more cohesive political and cultural entities. Numerous case studies have examined the many forces that influenced the growth of such groups from the Bronze Age to the present day. Against this wider context, and taking into account as well that of Roman client management practices, particularly those directed towards other peripheral Arab groups, this study explores how Roman policy concerns towards Iran helped to catalyse political and cultural development amongst the Ghassānids, an Arab tribal group on the periphery of the empire. The growth in prestige and political power of the Ghassānids, revealed in inscriptions, literature, and archaeology, marked the apex of four centuries of interactions between Rome and the Arabs, and, in the end, foreshadowed the events of the seventh century.
Carmen VII of Sidonius and a Hitherto Unknown Gothic Civil War
Authors: Kulikowski Michael
Published: December 2008

In late spring of 455, the Gallic aristocrat Eparchius Avitus was sent to the Visigothic royal court at Toulouse by the new emperor Petronius Maximus on a mission of uncertain purpose. It has always been assumed that Avitus went to Toulouse to patch up the peace between the Goths and the empire. Most of what we know of this mission, however, comes from a panegyric delivered at Rome, by Avitus’ young son-in-law, Sidonius Apollinaris, on 1 January 456 on the occasion of Avitus’ assumption of the consulate. Sidonius’ audience had to be convinced that Avitus was neither a Gallic usurper nor the puppet of a barbarian ruler, for Avitus had become emperor with the backing of the Gothic king Theoderic II after news arrived at Toulouse of Maximus’ death in Rome. This study argues that the panegyric does not, in fact, document a conflict between the Goths and the empire in the months preceding Avitus’ election, but rather a civil war between the Gothic royal brothers Theoderic and Frederic.
Gregory the Great and the Pagan Shrines of Kent
Authors: Demacopoulos George
Published: December 2008

This study challenges the prevailing scholarly opinion that pope Gregory I’s instruction to transform the pagan shrines of Kent into Christian churches was a direct countermand to his earlier missive that the shrines should be destroyed. By exploring Gregory’s multi-faceted understanding of conversion and considering the depth and nuance of his pastoral strategies, it argues that the initial letter to Ethelbert, king of Kent, identified the destruction of shrines as an example of the type of behavior that would be expected of a Christian monarch, but did not reflect a carefully constructed strategy for conversion. Thus, the letter to Ethelbert was designed for the spiritual edification of the king himself, whereas the subsequent epistle to Mellitus provided a clarification of Gregory’s plan for the pagan shrines and more fully reflected the pope’s syncretistic strategies for the conversion of non-Christian populations. In this way, both letters signify aspects of Gregory’s rich pastoral consciousness and are more consistent with each other than is generally understood.
Evoking the Pagan Past: Instinctu divinitatis and Constantine’s Capture of Rome
Authors: Lenski Noel
Published: December 2008

The inscription on Constantine’s arch claims that he defeated Maxentius “by the instigation of the divine”(“instinctu divinitatis”). Scholars long have recognized the significance of this phrase in the context of Constantine’s vision or visions before the Battle of the Milvian Bridge. This study examines the phrase from a philological perspective and demonstrates that it likely was formulated by pagan senators rather than the emperor himself. It argues that these senators probably were the very aristocrats who had supported Maxentius and that they used the iconography of the arch and its inscription to point Constantine toward a pagan interpretation of his success in battle. By tracing the phrase to a passage in Livy, it further demonstrates that the interpretation of the battle on the arch is heavily colored by the Republican war ritual of evocatio , whereby a city’s protective deity is called forth in anticipation of an assault. Without contending that an evocatio was actually performed, it shows how the arch’s inscription and the Latin panegyrics that treat the battle deploy the language and concepts of evocatio in order to explain how Constantine succeeded in overcoming a foe who had relied on the protection of the Urbs Roma.
‘Living Like a Christian, but Playing the Greek’: Accounts of Apostasy and Conversion in Porphyry and Eusebius
Authors: Schott Jeremy M.
Published: December 2008

This study focuses on a set of conversion narratives from the late third and early fourth centuries: Porphyry of Tyre’s and Eusebius of Caesarea’s conflicting accounts of Origen’s reputed apostasy from Hellenism and Ammonius Saccas’s alleged abandonment of Christianity for philosophy, and fourth-century reports of Porphyry’s supposed flirtation with Christianity. It argues that these narratives functioned as a means for Christian scholars and pagan philosophers to establish boundaries between themselves and their opponents and as a way to obfuscate broad dogmatic and practical similarities between Platonists and Christians. This reading of conversion and apostasy narratives opens the door to a more nuanced, if more complex, appreciation of the fluidity and permeability of religious and philosophical identities in Late Antiquity
Speaking of Ethical Expertise . . .
Authors: Scofield Giles R.
Published: December 2008

In a recent article, Steinkamp, Gordijn, and ten Have discussed a new way of thinking about the ethics consultant's ethical expertise. After critiquing their model of ethical expertise, along with the notion that discourse can and will enable ethicists to consult without over-reaching, this essay suggests that the debate about ethical expertise is intractable because it constitutes a 'tragic choice'.
Ethical Expertise Revisited: Reply to Giles Scofield
Authors: Steinkamp Norbert L , Gordijn Bert , ten Have Henk A. J. M.
Published: December 2008

This reply to Giles Scofield's critique of the authors' article in the June 2008 issue of the Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal highlights two main topics. First, contrary to what Scofield suggests, using the terms "ethics" and "morality" interchangeably constitutes an oversimplification that blurs important distinctions. Second, in a representative democracy, ethical expertise and consultation need not generate a "tragic choice" of the kind Scofield has in mind.
Religious Health Care as Community Benefit: Social Contract, Covenant, or Common Good?
Authors: Craig David M.
Published: December 2008

The public responsibilities of nonprofit hospitals have been contested since the advent of the 1969 community benefit standard. The distance between the standard's legal language and its implementation has grown so large that the Internal Revenue Service issued a new reporting form for 2008 that is modeled on the Catholic Health Association's guidelines for its member hospitals. This article analyzes the appearance of an emerging moral consensus about community benefits to argue against a strict charity care mandate and in favor of directing efficient care delivery and healthy community initiatives to underserved populations. The analysis turns on three moral conceptions of community benefits, the social contract model of hospital critics and the common good and covenantal models of Catholic and Jewish hospitals.
Chimeras and Human Dignity
Authors: de Melo-Martín Inmaculada
Published: December 2008

Discussions about whether new biomedical technologies threaten or violate human dignity are now common. Indeed, appeals to human dignity have played a central role in national and international debates about whether to allow particular kinds of biomedical investigations. The focus of this paper is on chimera research. I argue here that both those who claim that particular types of human-nonhuman chimera research threaten human dignity and those who argue that such threat does not exist fail to make their case. I first introduce some of the arguments that have been offered supporting the claim that the creation of certain sorts of chimeras threatens or violates human dignity. I next present opponents' assessments of such arguments. Finally I critically analyze both the critics' and the supporters' claims about whether chimera research threatens human dignity.
Reconstituting a Human Brain in Animals: A Jewish Perspective on Human Sanctity
Authors: Loike John D. , Tendler Moshe
Published: December 2008

The potential use of stem cells in the treatment of a variety of human diseases has been a major driving force for embryonic stem cell research. Another productive area of research has been the use of human stem cells to reconstitute human organ systems in animals in an attempt to create new animal models for human diseases. However, the possibility of transplanting human embryonic brain cells or precursor brain cells into an animal fetus presents numerous ethical challenges. This paper examines, from a Jewish perspective on human dignity, several bioethical concerns related to the reconstitution of animal brains with human neurons.
Toward a Transnational History of Technology: Meanings, Promises, Pitfalls
Authors: van der Vleuten Erik
Published: December 2008

This essay investigates the possibility of a transnational history of technology. It takes the current, large scale research program

Tensions of Europe: Technology and the Making of Europe, 1950–2000

as its point of departure. The grand promises of the recent transnational turn in historiography, from which historians of technology may profit and to which they may contribute, include: (1) developing new research topics previously relegated to the margins of scholarship (including globalization and regional integration), and (2) developing a fresh and arguably better understanding of existing topics (including national and local history). Three distinct meanings of the concept of “transnational history” provide research sites and research questions to assist such inquiry: studying cross-border linkages and flows; studying international organizations shaping the contemporary world; and questioning the nation state as the key research category for (technological) history. Finally, the essay discusses eight pitfalls following this line of inquiry.
Scholars and Miners: Dowsing and the Freiberg Mining Academy
Authors: Dym Warren
Published: December 2008

The Freiberg Mining Academy (f. 1765) illustrates how state control and the Enlightenment came to dominate European mining. Notwithstanding calls for a break with mining tradition, however, prospecting remained steeped in the tacit knowledge of miners, which legitimized the divining or dowsing rod. After 1800, German physicists and Romantic scientists developed a new theory of dowsing that drew on Galvani’s and Volta’s research. The famous Freiberg physicist Ferdinand Reich examined a dowser in the 1840s who claimed to experience a galvanic response to mineral ore. This case demonstrates a new synthesis of traditional prospecting and scientific theory that would mark dowsing practice in the modern age.