bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Na2CO3
-Responsive Photosynthetic and ROS Scavenging Mechanisms in Chloroplasts of Alkaligrass Revealed by Phosphoproteomics
Authors: Suo Jinwei , Zhang Heng , Zhao Qi , Zhang Nan , Zhang Yongxue , Li Ying , Song Baohua , Yu Juanjuan , Cao Jianguo , Wang Tai , Luo Ji , Guo Lihai , Ma Jun , Zhang Xumin , She Yimin , Peng Lianwei , Ma Weimin , Guo Siyi , Miao Yuchen , Chen Sixue , Qin Zhi , Dai Shaojun
Published: July 2020

Alkali-salinity exerts severe osmotic, ionic, and high-pH stresses to plants. To understand the alkali-salinity responsive mechanisms underlying photosynthetic modulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, physiological and diverse quantitative proteomics analyses of alkaligrass (Puccinellia tenuiflora) under Na2CO3  stress were conducted. In addition, Western blot, real-time PCR, and transgenic techniques were applied to validate the proteomic results and test the functions of the Na2CO3-responsive proteins. A total of 104 and 102 Na2CO3-responsive proteins were identified in leaves and chloroplasts, respectively. In addition, 84 Na2CO3-responsive phosphoproteins were identified, including 56 new phosphorylation sites in 56 phosphoproteins from chloroplasts, which are crucial for the regulation of photosynthesis, ion transport, signal transduction, and energy homeostasis. A full-length PtFBA encoding an alkaligrass chloroplastic fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) was overexpressed in wild-type cells of cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803, leading to enhanced Na2CO3 tolerance. All these results indicate that thermal dissipation, state transition, cyclic electron transport, photorespiration, repair of photosystem (PS) II, PSI activity, and ROS homeostasis were altered in response to Na2CO3 stress, which help to improve our understanding of the Na2CO3-responsive mechanisms in halophytes.
High Velocity Business Operations
Authors: Jayachandra Yemmanur
Published: July 2020

This Element deals with the know-how and show-how to accomplish high velocity business operations. The basis of these operations is real-time data and low latency processing. Relevant applications are pervasive due to the emerging technologies of IoT, 5G, AI and data analytics. This Element explores theories and methods of configuring, formulating and implementing high velocity business operations with properly designed and developed platforms and processes. Current mobile transformation is enabling the unwiring of businesses, de-territorializing them, and creating more opportunities for these operations. High velocity business processes increase throughput and efficiency, offering first-mover advantage. They also provide location-independence due to use of mobile platforms and devices (smartphones, tablets and wearables). This Element present mobility as a critical attribute of high velocity business operations, taking advantage of world-wide resources and expertise with well-designed mobile platforms and their data.
Local Environmental Policy in a Federal System: An Overview
Authors: Segerson Kathleen
Published: July 2020

A number of issues arise when considering the positive and normative implications of local environmental policy making. This paper provides an overview of some of the issues and implications. These vary depending on whether local jurisdictions are charged with determining the stringency of policies or instead stringency is determined at a higher level of government and the local role focuses on implementation and the design of cost-effective measures for achieving the required goals. Key issues include both physical and economic spillovers across jurisdictions, and the extent to which stringency can be differentiated based on local conditions or preferences.
Steady-state analysis of load-balancing algorithms in the sub-Halfin–Whitt regime
Authors: Liu Xin , Ying Lei
Published: July 2020

We study a class of load-balancing algorithms for many-server systems (N servers). Each server has a buffer of size $b-1$ with $b=O(\sqrt{\log N})$, i.e. a server can have at most one job in service and $b-1$ jobs queued. We focus on the steady-state performance of load-balancing algorithms in the heavy traffic regime such that the load of the system is $\lambda = 1 - \gamma N^{-\alpha}$ for $0<\alpha<0.5$ and $\gamma > 0,$ which we call the sub-Halfin–Whitt regime ($\alpha=0.5$ is the so-called Halfin–Whitt regime). We establish a sufficient condition under which the probability that an incoming job is routed to an idle server is 1 asymptotically (as $N \to \infty$) at steady state. The class of load-balancing algorithms that satisfy the condition includes join-the-shortest-queue, idle-one-first, join-the-idle-queue, and power-of-d-choices with $d\geq \frac{r}{\gamma}N^\alpha\log N$ (r a positive integer). The proof of the main result is based on the framework of Stein’s method. A key contribution is to use a simple generator approximation based on state space collapse.
Inflammation and metabolism: the role of adiposity in sarcopenic obesity
Authors: Lynch G. M. , Murphy C. H. , Castro E. de Marco , Roche H. M.
Published: July 2020

Sarcopenic obesity is characterised by the double burden of diminished skeletal muscle mass and the presence of excess adiposity. From a mechanistic perspective, both obesity and sarcopenia are associated with sub-acute, chronic pro-inflammatory states that impede metabolic processes, disrupting adipose and skeletal functionality, which may potentiate disease. Recent evidence suggests that there is an important cross-talk between metabolism and inflammation, which has shifted focus upon metabolic-inflammation as a key emerging biological interaction. Dietary intake, physical activity and nutritional status are important environmental factors that may modulate metabolic-inflammation. This paradigm will be discussed within the context of sarcopenic obesity risk. There is a paucity of data in relation to the nature and the extent to which nutritional status affects metabolic-inflammation in sarcopenic obesity. Research suggests that there may be scope for the modulation of sarcopenic obesity with alterations in diet. The potential impact of increasing protein consumption and reconfiguration of dietary fat composition in human dietary interventions are evaluated. This review will explore emerging data with respect to if and how different dietary components may modulate metabolic-inflammation, particularly with respect to adiposity, within the context of sarcopenic obesity.
ARCog: An Aerial Robotics Cognitive Architecture
Authors: Pinto Milena F. , Honório Leonardo M. , Marcato Andre L. M. , Dantas Mario A. R. , Melo Aurelio G. , Capretz Miriam , Urdiales Cristina
Published: July 2020

Efficient algorithm integration is a key issue in aerial robotics. However, only a few integration solutions rely on a cognitive approach. Cognitive approaches break down complex problems into independent units that may deal with progressively lower-level data interfaces, all the way down to sensors and actuators. A cognitive architecture defines information flow among units to produce emergent intelligent behavior. Despite the improvements in autonomous decision-making, several key issues remain open. One of these issues is the selection, coordination, and decision-making related to the several specialized tasks required for fulfilling mission objectives. This work addresses decision-making for the cognitive unmanned-aerial-vehicle architecture coined as ARCog. The proposed architecture lays the groundwork for the development of a software platform aligned with the requirements of the state-of-the-art technology in the field. The system is designed to provide high-level decision-making. Experiments prove that ARCog works correctly in its target scenario.
Improving social–emotional competence in internationally adopted children with the Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up intervention
Authors: Lind Teresa , Lee Raby K. , Goldstein Alison , Bernard Kristin , Caron EB , Yarger Heather A. , Wallin Allison , Dozier Mary
Published: July 2020

Children adopted internationally experience adverse conditions prior to adoption, placing them at risk for problematic social–emotional development. The Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up (ABC) intervention was designed to help internationally adoptive parents behave in ways that promote young children's social–emotional competence. Participants included 131 parent–child dyads randomly assigned to receive either ABC (n = 65) or a control intervention (n = 66). In addition, 48 low-risk biologically related parent–child dyads were included as a comparison group. At follow-up assessments conducted when children were 24 to 36 months old, internationally adopted children who received the ABC intervention had higher levels of parent-reported social–emotional competence than children who received a control intervention. In addition, observational assessments conducted when children were 48 and 60 months of age showed that internationally adopted children who received ABC demonstrated higher social–emotional competence than children who received a control intervention. Adopted children who received the control intervention, but not the ABC intervention, displayed more difficulties with social–emotional competence than low-risk children. Finally, postintervention parent sensitivity mediated the effect of ABC on observed child social–emotional competence in parent interactions, controlling for preintervention parent sensitivity. These results demonstrate the efficacy of a parenting-focused intervention in enhancing social–emotional competence among children adopted internationally.
Gatekeepers of Noir: The Paradoxical Internationalization of the French Crime Fiction Field
Authors: Migozzi Jacques , Levet Natacha , Amir Lucie
Published: July 2020

The French noir tradition is supposed to dominate the French market of crime fiction, regardless of the growing success of French and non-French thrillers in France. Yet in the last two decades, the French literary crime fiction market has been marked by the arrival of non-French European authors. By combining a quantitative and qualitative approach to publishing series, translations, prizes and festivals, this article highlights the transnational dimension of the French market independently from a spontaneous methodological nationalism encouraged by the reception discourses.
Aversive Kindheitsbelastungen und ihre Implikationen für die medizinische Begutachtung am Beispiel chronischer Schmerzzustände
Authors: Egloff Niklaus , Müller Darius , Blättler Larissa , Steiger Beat
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung. Versicherungsmedizinische Fragen hinsichtlich der Konsequenz von schweren aversiven Kindheitsbelastungen ergeben sich vorab in der psychiatrischen und in der psychosomatischen Begutachtung. In der psychiatrischen Begutachtung steht die versicherungsmedizinische Gewichtung von Störungen des Denkens, Fühlens und Verhaltens im Vordergrund. In der psychosomatischen Begutachtung dominiert die Einschätzung der Leistungseinschränkung hinsichtlich funktioneller Körpersymptome. Der grösste Teil der Begutachtungen im psychosomatischen Fachbereich betrifft dabei Menschen mit chronischen Schmerzerkrankungen. Schmerzerkrankungen können sich schleichend über die Jahre hinweg entwickeln oder auch durch Unfälle getriggert werden. Zur Begutachtung chronischer Schmerzzustände wurden von den entsprechenden Fachorganen der Schweiz Begutachtungsleitlinien entwickelt. Diese liegen seit 2019 sowohl in deutscher als auch französischer Sprache vor (www.sappm.ch). Folgende Überblicksarbeit fokussiert die Begutachtung von chronischen Schmerzerkrankungen und basiert auf den genannten Schweizerischen Leitlinien. Diese anspruchsvolle gutachterliche Thematik spiegelt sich in anderen europäischen Ländern in ähnlicher Form wider.
Nutrient pattern of unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E increase resting metabolic rate of overweight and obese women
Authors: Yarizadeh Habib , Setayesh Leila , Roberts Caroline , Yekaninejad Mir Saeed , Mirzaei Khadijeh
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Objectives: Obesity plays an important role in the development of chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease and diabetes. A low resting metabolic rate (RMR) for a given body size and composition is a risk factor for obesity, however, there is limited evidence available regarding the association of nutrient patterns and RMR. The aim of this study was to determine the association of nutrient patterns and RMR in overweight and obese women. Study design: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 360 women who were overweight or obese. Method: Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative standard food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Nutrient patterns were also extracted by principal components analysis (PCA). All participants were evaluated for their body composition, RMR, and blood parameters. Result: Three nutrient patterns explaining 64% of the variance in dietary nutrients consumption were identified as B-complex-mineral, antioxidant, and unsaturated fatty acid and vitamin E (USFA-vit E) respectively. Participants were categorized into two groups based on the nutrient patterns. High scores of USFA-vit E pattern was significantly associated with the increase of RMR (β = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.79 to 68.16, p = 0.04). No significant associations were found among B-complex-mineral pattern (β = −0.00, 95% CI = −49.67 to 46.03, p = 0.94) and antioxidant pattern (β = 0.03, 95% CI −41.42 to 22.59, p = 0.56) with RMR. Conclusion: Our results suggested that the “USFA-vit E” pattern (such as PUFA, oleic, linoleic, vit.E, α-tocopherol and EPA) was associated with increased RMR.
Vitamin A does not influence mRNA expression of hormone hepcidin but other biomarkers of iron homeostasis in young male Wistar rats
Authors: Restrepo-Gallego Mauricio , Díaz Luis E.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The effects of an adequate supply of vitamin A and iron, in comparison with diets low or absent in vitamin A and low in iron, on the mRNA expression of some biomarkers of iron homeostasis as hepcidin ( Hamp), transferrin receptor-1 ( Tfrc), iron regulatory protein-2 ( Ireb2) and ferritin ( Fth1) in rats were investigated. 35 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 dietary groups: control, sufficient in iron and insufficient in vitamin A (FesvAi), sufficient in iron and depleted in vitamin A (FesvAd), insufficient in iron and sufficient in vitamin A (FeivAs) and insufficient in both iron and vitamin A (FeivAi). After 6 weeks rats showed no significant effects of variations in vitamin A on the expression of Hamp relative to the control group (FesvAi: 1.37-fold; FesvAd: 1.22-fold); however, iron deficiency showed significant reduction on it relative to the control group (FeivAs: 71.4-fold, P = 0.0004; FeivAi: 16.1-fold, P = 0.0008). Vitamin A deficiency (FesvAd) affects expression of Fth1 independent of low dietary iron in spleen (0.29-fold, P = 0.002) and duodenum (5.15-fold, P = 0.02). Variations of dietary iron and vitamin A showed significant effects relative to the control group for expression of Tfrc in spleen (FesvAd: 0.18-fold, P = 0.01; FeivAs: 0.24-fold, P < 0.0001; FeivAi: 0.42-fold, P = 0.014), Ireb2 in spleen (FeivAs: 3.7-fold, P < 0.0001; FeivAi: 2.9-fold, P < 0.0001) and Ireb2 in duodenum (FeivAs: 2.68-fold, P = 0.012; FeivAi: 2.60-fold, P = 0.014). These results show that vitamin A and iron must be supplied together to regulate some of the main biomarkers of iron metabolism as a strategy to reduce prevalence of iron deficiency anemia.
Automatic Aurora Image Classification Framework Based on Deep Learning for Occurrence Distribution Analysis: A Case Study of All‐Sky Image Data Sets From the Yellow River Station
Authors: Zhong Yanfei , Ye Richen , Liu Tingting , Hu Zejun , Zhang Liangpei
Published: July 2020

Developing a computational model for aurora image classification is an important task for polar research. However, the design of the handcrafted features in the traditional methods has insufficient descriptive ability for auroral morphology and is dependent on expert knowledge. In this paper, an automatic aurora image classification framework based on deep learning is proposed to solve the problem. In this framework, three basic deep learning networks—AlexNet, VGG, and ResNet—are used to automatically classify all‐sky aurora images via convolution and pooling processes and a back‐propagation mechanism, without requiring manual intervention. As shown in the class activation mapping (CAM), the proposed framework can extract the complex auroral feature representations automatically and discriminatively. The results obtained with all‐sky aurora images from the Yellow River Station demonstrate that the proposed framework has effective transfer ability and can achieve real‐time classification. It is also shown that the proposed method can achieve higher average classification accuracy than the AI‐MFLDA method. The statistical auroral occurrence distribution can be obtained based on the classification results. There are dominant morphological characteristics in the four magnetic local time (MLT) regions of the dayside aurora oval, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Geologic Map of the Niobe Planitia Region (I‐2467), Venus
Authors: López Iván , Hansen Vicki L.
Published: July 2020

We present a 1:10M scale geologic map of the Niobe Planitia region of Venus (0°N–57°N/60°E–180°E). We herein refer to this area as the Niobe Map Area (NMA). Geologic mapping employed NASA Magellan synthetic aperture radar and altimetry data. The NMA geologic map and its companion Aphrodite Map Area (AMA) cover ~25% of Venus' surface, providing an important and unique perspective to study global and regional geologic processes. Both areas display a regional coherence of preserved geologic patterns that record three sequential geologic eras: the ancient era, the Artemis superstructure era, and the youngest fracture zone era. The NMA preserves a limited record of the fracture zone era, contrary to the AMA. However, the NMA hosts a diverse and rich assemblage of material and structures of the ancient era and structures that define the Artemis superstructure era. These two eras likely overlap in time and account for the formation of basement materials and lower plain units. Impact craters formed throughout the NMA recorded history. Approximately 40% of the impact craters show interior flood deposits, indicating that a significant number of NMA impact craters experienced notable geological events after impact crater formation. This and other geologic relations record a geohistory inconsistent with postulated global catastrophic resurfacing. Together, the NMA and the AMA record a rich geologic history of the surface of Venus that provide a framework to formulate new working hypotheses of Venus evolution and to plan future studies of the planet.
Personal exposures to traffic-related air pollution in three Canadian bus transit systems: the Urban Transportation Exposure Study
Authors: Van Ryswyk Keith , Evans Greg J. , Kulka Ryan , Sun Liu , Sabaliauskas Kelly , Rouleau Mathieu , Anastasopolos Angelos T. , Wallace Lance , Weichenthal Scott
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background

Exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) is associated with increased incidence of several cardiopulmonary diseases. The elevated TRAP exposures of commuting environments can result in significant contributions to daily exposures.

Objectives

To assess the personal TRAP exposures (UFPs, BC, PM2.5, and PM10) of the bus transit systems of Toronto, Ottawa, and Vancouver, Canada. Personal exposure models estimated the contribution of bus commuting to daily TRAP exposures. Associations between bus type and riding exposures and bus stop/station type and waiting exposures were estimated.

Results

Bus commuting (4.6% of the day) contributed ~59%(SD = 15%), 60%(SD = 20%), and 57%(SD = 18%) of daily PM2.5-Ba and 70%(SD = 19%), 64%(SD = 15%), and 70%(SD = 15%) of daily PM2.5-Fe, in Toronto, Ottawa, and Vancouver, respectively. Enclosed bus stations were found to be hotspots of PM2.5 and BC. Buses with diesel particulate filters (DPFs) and hybrid diesel/electric propulsion were found to have significantly lower in-bus PM2.5, UFP, and BC relative to 1983–2003 diesel buses in each city with the exception of UFP in Vancouver.

Significance

Personal exposures for traffic-related air pollutants were assessed for three Canadian bus transit systems. In each system, bus commuting was estimated to contribute significantly toward daily exposures of fine-fraction Ba and Fe as well as BC. Exposures while riding were associated with bus type for several pollutants in each city. These associations suggest the use of hybrid diesel/electric buses equipped with diesel particulate filters have improved air quality for riders.
The integrity of cochlear hair cells is established and maintained through the localization of Dia1 at apical junctional complexes and stereocilia
Authors: Ninoyu Yuzuru , Sakaguchi Hirofumi , Lin Chen , Suzuki Toshiaki , Hirano Shigeru , Hisa Yasuo , Saito Naoaki , Ueyama Takehiko
Published: July 2020

Dia1, which belongs to the diaphanous-related formin family, influences a variety of cellular processes through straight actin elongation activity. Recently, novel DIA1 mutants such as p.R1213X (p.R1204X) and p.A265S, have been reported to cause an autosomal dominant sensorineural hearing loss (DFNA1). Additionally, active DIA1 mutants induce progressive hearing loss in a gain-of-function manner. However, the subcellular localization and pathological function of DIA1(R1213X/R1204X) remains unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated the localization of endogenous Dia1 and the constitutively active DIA1 mutant in the cochlea, using transgenic mice expressing FLAG-tagged DIA1(R1204X) (DIA1-TG). Endogenous Dia1 and the DIA1 mutant were regionally expressed at the organ of Corti and the spiral ganglion from early life; alongside cochlear maturation, they became localized at the apical junctional complexes (AJCs) between hair cells (HCs) and supporting cells (SCs). To investigate HC vulnerability in the DIA1-TG mice, we exposed 4-week-old mice to moderate noise, which induced temporary threshold shifts with cochlear synaptopathy and ultrastructural changes in stereocilia 4 weeks post noise exposure. Furthermore, we established a knock-in (KI) mouse line expressing AcGFP-tagged DIA1(R1213X) (DIA1-KI) and confirmed mutant localization at AJCs and the tips of stereocilia in HCs. In MDCKAcGFP-DIA1(R1213X) cells with stable expression of AcGFP-DIA1(R1213X), AcGFP-DIA1(R1213X) revealed marked localization at microvilli on the apical surface of cells and decreased localization at cell-cell junctions. The DIA1-TG mice demonstrated hazy and ruffled circumferential actin belts at AJCs and abnormal stereocilia accompanied with HC loss at 5 months of age. In conclusion, Dia1 plays a pivotal role in the development and maintenance of AJCs and stereocilia, ensuring cochlear and HC integrity. Subclinical/latent vulnerability of HCs may be the cause of progressive hearing loss in DFNA1 patients, thus suggesting new therapeutic targets for preventing HC degeneration and progressive hearing loss associated with DFNA1.
WFDC2 suppresses prostate cancer metastasis by modulating EGFR signaling inactivation
Authors: Xiong Yaoyi , Yuan Lushun , Chen Song , Xu Huimin , Peng Tianchen , Ju Lingao , Wang Gang , Xiao Yu , Wang Xinghuan
Published: July 2020

WAP four-disulfide core domain 2 (WFDC2) is a small secretory protein that has been widely studied in ovarian cancer. It has been proven that WFDC2 promotes proliferation and metastasis in ovarian cancer, and serves as a diagnostic biomarker. However, the specific function of WFDC2 in prostate cancer has not been reported. Here, we first screened the diagnostic marker and favorable prognostic factor WFDC2 in prostate cancer by bioinformatics. WFDC2 expression was negatively correlated with Gleason score and metastasis in prostate cancer. Then, we revealed that overexpression of WFDC2, and addition of recombinant protein HE4 can significantly inhibit prostate cancer metastasis in vivo and in vitro. By co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization assays, we proved that WFDC2 binds to the extracellular domain of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Immunoblot showed that WFDC2 overexpression and recombinant protein HE4 addition inactivated the EGFR/AKT/GSK3B/Snail signaling pathway, and then restrained the progression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition. In conclusion, our study identified that the tumor suppressor WFDC2 can suppress prostate cancer metastasis by inactivating EGFR signaling.
Inhibition of CCL2 by bindarit alleviates diabetes-associated periodontitis by suppressing inflammatory monocyte infiltration and altering macrophage properties
Authors: Shen Zongshan , Kuang Shuhong , Zhang Min , Huang Xin , Chen Jiayao , Guan Meiliang , Qin Wei , Xu Hockin H. K. , Lin Zhengmei
Published: July 2020

Diabetes-associated periodontitis (DP) aggravates diabetic complications and increases mortality from diabetes. DP is caused by diabetes-enhanced host immune-inflammatory responses to bacterial insult. In this study, we found that persistently elevated CCL2 levels in combination with proinflammatory monocyte infiltration of periodontal tissues were closely related to DP. Moreover, inhibition of CCL2 by oral administration of bindarit reduced alveolar bone loss and increased periodontal epithelial thickness by suppressing periodontal inflammation. Furthermore, bindarit suppressed the infiltration of proinflammatory monocytes and altered the inflammatory properties of macrophages in the diabetic periodontium. This finding provides a basis for the development of an effective therapeutic approach for treating DP.
Enhancement of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction in thin ferromagnetic films by atomic-scale modulation of interfaces
Authors: Samardak A. S. , Davydenko A. V. , Kolesnikov A. G. , Samardak A. Yu. , Kozlov A. G. , Pal Bappaditya , Ognev A. V. , Sadovnikov A. V. , Nikitov S. A. , Gerasimenko A. V. , Cha In Ho , Kim Yong Jin , Kim Gyu Won , Tretiakov Oleg A. , Kim Young Keun
Published: July 2020

To stabilize nontrivial spin textures, e.g., skyrmions or chiral domain walls in ultrathin magnetic films, an additional degree of freedom, such as the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (IDMI), must be induced by the strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) of a stacked heavy metal layer. However, advanced approaches to simultaneously control the IDMI and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) are needed for future spin-orbitronic device implementations. Here, we show the effect of atomic-scale surface modulation on the magnetic properties and IDMI in ultrathin films composed of 5d heavy metal/ferromagnet/4d(5d) heavy metal or oxide interfaces, such as Pt/CoFeSiB/Ru, Pt/CoFeSiB/Ta, and Pt/CoFeSiB/MgO. The maximum IDMI value corresponds to the correlated roughness of the bottom and top interfaces of the ferromagnetic layer. The proposed approach for significant enhancement of PMA and the IDMI through interface roughness engineering at the atomic scale offers a powerful tool for the development of spin-orbitronic devices with precise and reliable controllability of their functionality.
Disruption of the tumour-associated EMP3 enhances erythroid proliferation and causes the MAM-negative phenotype
Authors: Thornton Nicole , Karamatic Crew Vanja , Tilley Louise , Green Carole A. , Tay Chwen Ling , Griffiths Rebecca E. , Singleton Belinda K. , Spring Frances , Walser Piers , Alattar Abdul Ghani , Jones Benjamin , Laundy Rosalind , Storry Jill R. , Möller Mattias , Wall Lorna , Charlewood Richard , Westhoff Connie M. , Lomas-Francis Christine , Yahalom Vered , Feick Ute , Seltsam Axel , Mayer Beate , Olsson Martin L. , Anstee David J.
Published: July 2020

The clinically important MAM blood group antigen is present on haematopoietic cells of all humans except rare MAM-negative individuals. Its molecular basis is unknown. By whole-exome sequencing we identify EMP3, encoding epithelial membrane protein 3 (EMP3), as a candidate gene, then demonstrate inactivating mutations in ten known MAM-negative individuals. We show that EMP3, a purported tumour suppressor in various solid tumours, is expressed in erythroid cells. Disruption of EMP3 by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in an immortalised human erythroid cell line (BEL-A2) abolishes MAM expression. We find EMP3 to associate with, and stabilise, CD44 in the plasma membrane. Furthermore, cultured erythroid progenitor cells from MAM-negative individuals show markedly increased proliferation and higher reticulocyte yields, suggesting an important regulatory role for EMP3 in erythropoiesis and control of cell production. Our data establish MAM as a new blood group system and demonstrate an interaction of EMP3 with the cell surface signalling molecule CD44.
Low-voltage 2D materials-based printed field-effect transistors for integrated digital and analog electronics on paper
Authors: Conti Silvia , Pimpolari Lorenzo , Calabrese Gabriele , Worsley Robyn , Majee Subimal , Polyushkin Dmitry K. , Paur Matthias , Pace Simona , Keum Dong Hoon , Fabbri Filippo , Iannaccone Giuseppe , Macucci Massimo , Coletti Camilla , Mueller Thomas , Casiraghi Cinzia , Fiori Gianluca
Published: July 2020

Paper is the ideal substrate for the development of flexible and environmentally sustainable ubiquitous electronic systems, which, combined with two-dimensional materials, could be exploited in many Internet-of-Things applications, ranging from wearable electronics to smart packaging. Here we report high-performance MoS2field-effect transistors on paper fabricated with a “channel array” approach, combining the advantages of two large-area techniques: chemical vapor deposition and inkjet-printing. The first allows the pre-deposition of a pattern of MoS2; the second, the printing of dielectric layers, contacts, and connections to complete transistors and circuits fabrication. AverageION/IOFFof 8 × 103(up to 5 × 104) and mobility of 5.5 cm2V−1s−1(up to 26 cm2V−1s−1) are obtained. Fully functional integrated circuits of digital and analog building blocks, such as logic gates and current mirrors, are demonstrated, highlighting the potential of this approach for ubiquitous electronics on paper.
Vagus nerve stimulation boosts the drive to work for rewards
Authors: Neuser Monja P. , Teckentrup Vanessa , Kühnel Anne , Hallschmid Manfred , Walter Martin , Kroemer Nils B.
Published: July 2020

Interoceptive feedback transmitted via the vagus nerve plays a vital role in motivation by tuning actions according to physiological needs. Whereas vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) reinforces actions in animals, motivational effects elicited by VNS in humans are still largely elusive. Here, we applied non-invasive transcutaneous auricular VNS (taVNS) on the left or right ear while participants exerted effort to earn rewards using a randomized cross-over design (vs. sham). In line with preclinical studies, acute taVNS enhances invigoration of effort, and stimulation on the left side primarily facilitates invigoration for food rewards. In contrast, we do not find conclusive evidence that acute taVNS affects effort maintenance or wanting ratings. Collectively, our results suggest that taVNS enhances reward-seeking by boosting invigoration, not effort maintenance and that the stimulation side affects generalization beyond food reward. Thus, taVNS may enhance the pursuit of prospective rewards which may pave avenues to treat motivational deficiencies.
Machine learning of serum metabolic patterns encodes early-stage lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Huang Lin , Wang Lin , Hu Xiaomeng , Chen Sen , Tao Yunwen , Su Haiyang , Yang Jing , Xu Wei , Vedarethinam Vadanasundari , Wu Shu , Liu Bin , Wan Xinze , Lou Jiatao , Wang Qian , Qian Kun
Published: July 2020

Early cancer detection greatly increases the chances for successful treatment, but available diagnostics for some tumours, including lung adenocarcinoma (LA), are limited. An ideal early-stage diagnosis of LA for large-scale clinical use must address quick detection, low invasiveness, and high performance. Here, we conduct machine learning of serum metabolic patterns to detect early-stage LA. We extract direct metabolic patterns by the optimized ferric particle-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry within 1 s using only 50 nL of serum. We define a metabolic range of 100–400 Da with 143 m/z features. We diagnose early-stage LA with sensitivity~70–90% and specificity~90–93% through the sparse regression machine learning of patterns. We identify a biomarker panel of seven metabolites and relevant pathways to distinguish early-stage LA from controls (p < 0.05). Our approach advances the design of metabolic analysis for early cancer detection and holds promise as an efficient test for low-cost rollout to clinics.
Alveolar regeneration through a Krt8+ transitional stem cell state that persists in human lung fibrosis
Authors: Strunz Maximilian , Simon Lukas M. , Ansari Meshal , Kathiriya Jaymin J. , Angelidis Ilias , Mayr Christoph H. , Tsidiridis George , Lange Marius , Mattner Laura F. , Yee Min , Ogar Paulina , Sengupta Arunima , Kukhtevich Igor , Schneider Robert , Zhao Zhongming , Voss Carola , Stoeger Tobias , Neumann Jens H. L. , Hilgendorff Anne , Behr Jürgen , O’Reilly Michael , Lehmann Mareike , Burgstaller Gerald , Königshoff Melanie , Chapman Harold A. , Theis Fabian J. , Schiller Herbert B.
Published: July 2020

The cell type specific sequences of transcriptional programs during lung regeneration have remained elusive. Using time-series single cell RNA-seq of the bleomycin lung injury model, we resolved transcriptional dynamics for 28 cell types. Trajectory modeling together with lineage tracing revealed that airway and alveolar stem cells converge on a unique Krt8 + transitional stem cell state during alveolar regeneration. These cells have squamous morphology, feature p53 and NFkB activation and display transcriptional features of cellular senescence. The Krt8+ state appears in several independent models of lung injury and persists in human lung fibrosis, creating a distinct cell–cell communication network with mesenchyme and macrophages during repair. We generated a model of gene regulatory programs leading to Krt8+ transitional cells and their terminal differentiation to alveolar type-1 cells. We propose that in lung fibrosis, perturbed molecular checkpoints on the way to terminal differentiation can cause aberrant persistence of regenerative intermediate stem cell states.
Temporal ordering of omics and multiomic events inferred from time-series data
Authors: Kaur Sandeep , Peters Timothy J. , Yang Pengyi , Luu Laurence Don Wai , Vuong Jenny , Krycer James R. , O’Donoghue Seán I.
Published: July 2020

Temporal changes in omics events can now be routinely measured; however, current analysis methods are often inadequate, especially for multiomics experiments. We report a novel analysis method that can infer event ordering at better temporal resolution than the experiment, and integrates omic events into two concise visualizations (event maps and sparklines). Testing our method gave results well-correlated with prior knowledge and indicated it streamlines analysis of time-series data.
Potential quality improvement of stochastic optical localization nanoscopy images obtained by frame by frame localization algorithms
Authors: Sun Yi
Published: July 2020

A data movie of stochastic optical localization nanoscopy contains spatial and temporal correlations, both providing information of emitter locations. The majority of localization algorithms in the literature estimate emitter locations by frame-by-frame localization (FFL), which exploit only the spatial correlation and leave the temporal correlation into the FFL nanoscopy images. The temporal correlation contained in the FFL images, if exploited, can improve the localization accuracy and the image quality. In this paper, we analyze the properties of the FFL images in terms of root mean square minimum distance (RMSMD) and root mean square error (RMSE). It is shown that RMSMD and RMSE can be potentially reduced by a maximum fold equal to the square root of the average number of activations per emitter. Analyzed and revealed are also several statistical properties of RMSMD and RMSE and their relationship with respect to a large number of data frames, bias and variance of localization errors, small localization errors, sample drift, and the worst FFL image. Numerical examples are taken and the results confirm the prediction of analysis. The ideas about how to develop an algorithm to exploit the temporal correlation of FFL images are also briefly discussed. The results suggest development of two kinds of localization algorithms: the algorithms that can exploit the temporal correlation of FFL images and the unbiased localization algorithms.
Polyethylene glycol (5,000) succinate conjugate of lopinavir and its associated toxicity using Danio rerio as a model organism
Authors: Aremu Oluwole Samuel , Katata-Seru Lebogang , Mkhize Zimbili , Botha Tarryn Lee , Wepener Victor
Published: July 2020

Lopinavir (LPV), a well-known drug administered in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, has shown limitation for pediatric treatment owing to poor aqueous solubility that gives rise to limited oral bioavailability and short plasma half-life (5–6 h). Polymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) have been used as drug carriers to improve their solubility. This study reports the preparation of polyethylene glycol (5,000) succinate (PEG–Suc–LPV) conjugate of LPV by the esterification method. The disappearance of the 3,395 cm−1 (O–H stretch of COOH) band for Polyethylene glycol (5,000) succinate (PEG–Suc )confirms the formation ester linkage with the OH group of LPV which is also confirmed by 1H NMR analysis. The XRD for the conjugate showed a broad, amorphous peak while pure PEG, Suc, LPV are crystalline. DSC analysis showed that the conjugate exhibited new broad and diffuse peaks, confirming that they did exist in an amorphous state as multiple complexes. The conjugate showed improved solubility and activity with reduced toxicity compared to pure LPV. The solubility of LPV increased significantly from 80 to 318 ppm. Furthermore, an aquatic toxicity test using Danio rerio showed that the conjugate had a lower LC50 (60.8 ppm) when compared to the pure LPV drug LC50 (6.42 ppm). These results suggest PEG–Suc conjugate of LPV as an efficient carrier for enhanced hydrophilicity and anti-HIV property of LPV.
Human milk and mucosa-associated disaccharides impact on cultured infant fecal microbiota
Authors: Rubio-del-Campo Antonio , Alcántara Cristina , Collado María Carmen , Rodríguez-Díaz Jesús , Yebra María J.
Published: July 2020

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a mixture of structurally diverse carbohydrates that contribute to shape a healthy gut microbiota composition. The great diversity of the HMOs structures does not allow the attribution of specific prebiotic characteristics to single milk oligosaccharides. We analyze here the utilization of four disaccharides, lacto-N-biose (LNB), galacto-N-biose (GNB), fucosyl-α1,3-GlcNAc (3FN) and fucosyl-α1,6-GlcNAc (6FN), that form part of HMOs and glycoprotein structures, by the infant fecal microbiota. LNB significantly increased the total levels of bifidobacteria and the speciesBifidobacterium breveandBifidobacterium bifidum. TheLactobacillusgenus levels were increased by 3FN fermentation andB. breveby GNB and 3FN. There was a significant reduction ofBlautia coccoidesgroup with LNB and 3FN. In addition, 6FN significantly reduced the levels ofEnterobacteriaceaefamily members. Significantly higher concentrations of lactate, formate and acetate were produced in cultures containing either LNB or GNB in comparison with control cultures. Additionally, after fermentation of the oligosaccharides by the fecal microbiota, severalBifidobacteriumstrains were isolated and identified. The results presented here indicated that each, LNB, GNB and 3FN disaccharide, might have a specific beneficial effect in the infant gut microbiota and they are potential prebiotics for application in infant foods.
The photophysical properties and imaging application of a new polarity-sensitive fluorescent probe
Authors: Xiao Haibin , Zhang Tian , Dong Yaqi , Song Xiaojuan , Xing Lingbao , Zhou Jin , Liu Yuying , Zhuo Shuping
Published: July 2020

We develop a new polarity-sensitive fluorescent probe that displays weak fluorescence in low-polarity solvents and intense fluorescence in high-polarity solvents.
A sensitive pH indicator-based spectrophotometric assay for PHB depolymerase activity on microtiter plates
Authors: Camacho-Ruiz Maria Angeles , Müller-Santos Marcelo , Hernández-Mancillas Xitlalli D. , Armenta-Perez Vicente Paul , Zamora-Gonzalez Edgar , Rodríguez Jorge A.
Published: July 2020

A continuous spectrophotometric assay for the screening of PHB depolymerase activity in microtiter plates was developed.
Recent advances in semiconducting polymer dots as optical probes for biosensing
Authors: Yuan Ye , Hou Weiying , Qin Weiping , Wu Changfeng
Published: July 2020

This review mainly summarized the recent results that used bright polymer dots (Pdots) for the detection of different analytes such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), metal ions, pH values, and a variety of biomolecules.
Matters of class: coming of age of class III and IV lanthipeptides
Authors: Hegemann Julian D. , Süssmuth Roderich D.
Published: July 2020

In this review, we give a concise overview of the known biosynthetic princples of class III and IV lanthipeptide synthtases.
Selective hydrodeoxygenation of hydroxyacetophenones to ethyl-substituted phenol derivatives using a FeRu@SILP catalyst
Authors: Goclik Lisa , Offner-Marko Lisa , Bordet Alexis , Leitner Walter
Published: July 2020

A Fe25Ru75@SILP catalyst opens a versatile route to produce value-added substituted ethylphenols from the selective hydrodeoxygenation of readily available hydroxyacetophenones.
Positron annihilation spectroscopic characterization of free-volume defects and their correlations with the mechanical and transport properties of SBR–PMMA interpenetrating polymer networks
Authors: James Jose , Thomas George V. , Madathil Akhil Punneri , Nambissan P. M. G. , Kalarikkal Nandakumar , Thomas Sabu
Published: July 2020

Positron annihilation lifetime and coincidence doppler broadening spectroscopic characterization of styrene butadiene rubber – poly(methyl methacrylate) interpenetrating polymer networks is performed and correlations with the morphological, mechanical and transport properties are found.
Structures of self-assembled n-alkanethiols on gold by reflection high-energy electron diffraction
Authors: Ghosh Mithun , Yang Ding-Shyue
Published: July 2020

The structures of long-chain alkanethiols (C18H37SH) chemisorbed on an Au(111) single crystal were investigated using reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED).
Recent advances in bioelectronics chemistry
Authors: Fang Yin , Meng Lingyuan , Prominski Aleksander , Schaumann Erik N. , Seebald Matthew , Tian Bozhi
Published: July 2020

In this review, we focus on the contributions made to the bioelectronic field from various aspects of chemistry.
The synthesis of metal–organic frameworks with template strategies
Authors: Zhao Nian , Cai Kun , He Hongming
Published: July 2020

Template synthesis of MOFs has received considerable attentions from chemists to prepare novel structures with targeted property.
Recent advances in portable heavy metal electrochemical sensing platforms
Authors: García-Miranda Ferrari Alejandro , Carrington Paul , Rowley-Neale Samuel J. , Banks Craig E.
Published: July 2020

This Review explores the parameters to be engineered to designin situelectrochemical sensor platforms capable of meeting new EU regulation.
Source characterization and removal of N-nitrosamine precursors during activated sludge treatment
Authors: Zhang Xiaolu , Kim Daekyun , Freedman David L. , Karanfil Tanju
Published: July 2020

Municipal wastewater discharges after secondary biological treatment (e.g., the activated sludge (AS) process) are a major potential source of N-nitrosamine precursors which may impact downstream source water quality.
A component-specific exposure–mortality model for ambient PM2.5 in China: findings from nationwide epidemiology based on outputs from a chemical transport model
Authors: Xue Tao , Zheng Yixuan , Li Xin , Liu Jun , Zhang Qiang , Zhu Tong
Published: July 2020

We conducted a whole-population-based epidemiology study using the Chinese Population Census of deaths and PM2.5 concentrations and components, during 2000–2010, to model how chemical composition affects the health impact of PM2.5 exposure.
Preventive effect of ethanol extract from Chinese sumac fruits against tetrachloromethane-induced liver fibrosis in mice
Authors: Zhou Jiexin , Liu Xiaojing , Chen Taiming , Cheng Guiguang , Cai Shengbao
Published: July 2020

Chinese sumac (Rhus chinensis Mill.) fruits effectively prevent CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice.
Critical Review: digital resolution biomolecular sensing for diagnostics and life science research
Authors: Huang Qinglan , Li Nantao , Zhang Hanyuan , Che Congnyu , Sun Fu , Xiong Yanyu , Canady Taylor D. , Cunningham Brian T.
Published: July 2020

We review the current state-of-the-art in the field of digital resolution biosensing, describing the capabilities of commercially available technology platforms, as well as those have been described in published literature.
Natural product inspired optimization of a selective TRPV6 calcium channel inhibitor
Authors: Cunha Micael Rodrigues , Bhardwaj Rajesh , Carrel Aline Lucie , Lindinger Sonja , Romanin Christoph , Parise-Filho Roberto , Hediger Matthias A. , Reymond Jean-Louis
Published: July 2020

Natural product derived analogues were surveyed, and an oxygenated analog was identified as a potent and selective TRPV6 inhibitor, with high microsomal stability and low off-target effects.
Correction: Epoxy resin with exchangeable disulfide crosslinks to obtain reprocessable, repairable and recyclable fiber-reinforced thermoset composites
Authors: Ruiz de Luzuriaga Alaitz , Martin Roberto , Markaide Nerea , Rekondo Alaitz , Cabañero Germán , Rodríguez Javier , Odriozola Ibon
Published: July 2020

Correction for ‘Epoxy resin with exchangeable disulfide crosslinks to obtain reprocessable, repairable and recyclable fiber-reinforced thermoset composites’ by Alaitz Ruiz de Luzuriaga et al., Mater. Horiz., 2016, 3, 241–247, DOI: 10.1039/C6MH00029K.
A systematic review of the interaction and effects generated by antimicrobial metallic substituents in bone tissue engineering
Authors: Chetan  , Vijayalakshmi Uthirapathy
Published: July 2020

Changes brought about by metal ions and metal nanoparticles within bacterial cells and the damage caused to the cellular membrane upon contact with negatively charged surface components.
A sulfated/chlorinated Sr–Fe composite oxide as a novel solid and reusable superacid catalyst for oleic acid esterification
Authors: Huang Chien-Chang , Ho Shih-Han , Chang Jo-Shu , Gao Pei-Jyuan
Published: July 2020

The high catalytic reactivity and reusability of the sulfated/chlorinated Sr–Fe oxide could be ascribed to the synergistic effect of coordinated Cl− and surface SrSO4 clusters on suppressing the chemisorption of oleic acid on the surface cations.
Multiscale structural engineering of dielectric ceramics for energy storage applications: from bulk to thin films
Authors: Yao Fang-Zhou , Yuan Qibin , Wang Qing , Wang Hong
Published: July 2020

An overview of the recent progress in the engineering of multiscale structures of dielectric ceramics for electrostatic energy storage applications is presented.
Transparent and flexible high-power supercapacitors based on carbon nanotube fibre aerogels
Authors: Senokos Evgeny , Rana Moumita , Vila Maria , Fernandez-Cestau Julio , Costa Rubén D. , Marcilla Rebeca , Vilatela Juan Jose
Published: July 2020

In this work, we report the fabrication of continuous transparent and flexible supercapacitors by depositing a single-layer of CNT network onto a polymer electrolyte membrane directly from an aerogel of ultra-long CNTs produced floating in the gas phase.