bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Initial Properties Identification of Refined- and Semi Refined-Carrageenans as Raw Materials for Biodegradable Plastic Production
Authors: Sedayu Bakti Berlyanto , Wullandari Putri , Hakim Arif Rahman , Fransiska Dina
Published: August 2021

Powdered refined- and semi-refined carrageenans (RC and SRC) have been characterized as alternative raw materials for industrial bioplastic production. Several basic parameters, i.e., the melting temperature, crystallinity, chemical structure (FTIR), and tensile properties, were observed. The melting temperature of RC was slightly higher than that of SRC, i.e., 176 °C and 172 °C, respectively. These temperatures were corresponded to their crystallinity degree (performed by X-ray diffraction). Nonetheless, the SRC demonstrated an overall higher thermal stability during heating. RC produced a clear transparent film. Meanwhile, SRC was yellowish and less transparent. The overall mechanical properties showed that RC produced more flexible film than SRC. However, both materials showed relatively equal tensile strength. In general, RC and SRC could be potentially used for biodegradable film production with different applications. RC was suitable for a flexible and clear plastic film, whereas SRC was suitable for rigid plastic film applications.
Antipathogenic Activity of Acroporid Bacterial Symbionts Against Brown Band Disease-Associated Bacteria
Authors: Amalia Rosa , Ayuningrum Diah , Sabdono Agus , Radjasa Ocky Karna
Published: August 2021

The coral reefs’ condition in most regions in Indonesia has been declining due to coral diseases, such as Brown Band Disease (BrBD). A treatment for BrBD involves the use of biological control agents that have antagonistic properties against disease-causing agents. This study aimed to isolate bacteria from healthy hard coral, those associated with BrBD, and those that had bioactivities against BrBD. Sampling and identification of corals and BrBD were carried out in March 2015 at the Marine National Park of Karimunjawa. Bacteria from healthy and infected corals were isolated and purified. The isolates were subjected to antipathogenic assay using overlay and agar diffusion methods. Finally, molecular identification of active bacteria was carried out using the 16S rRNA gene amplification. As many as 57 bacterial isolates were obtained from healthy coral, as well as four bacterial isolates from coral with BrBD symptoms. A total of 15 bacterial isolates (26%) showed antipathogenic activity against BrBD-associated bacteria. Three isolates with the strongest antipathogenic activities, i.e., GAMSH 3, KASH 6, and TAPSH 1 were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequences. The results showed that they were aligned to Virgibacillus marismortui (97%), Oceanobacillus iheyensis (97%), and Bacillus cereus (96%), respectively.
Corporate stress and bank nonperforming loans: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Choudhary Ali M. , Jain Anil K.
Published: August 2021

Using detailed administrative Pakistani credit registry data, we show that banks with low leverage ratios are both significantly slower and less likely to recognize a loan as nonperforming than other banks that lend to the same firm. Moreover, we find suggestive evidence that this lack of recognition impedes loan curing, with banks with low leverage ratios reporting significantly higher final default rates than other banks for the same borrower (even after controlling for differences in loan terms). Our empirical findings are consistent with the theoretical prediction that classifying a nonperforming loan is more expensive for banks with less capital.
Characterization of the respiratory pattern in patients with chronic heart failure applying joint symbolic dynamics
Authors:   , Molina-Ramírez T. F.
Published: August 2021

This work proposes a method to characterize the respiratory pattern of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) to determine non-periodic breathing (nPB), periodic breathing (PB) and Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) through non-linear, symbolic analysis of biological signals. A total of 43 patients were examined for their cardiorespiratory profiles, their ECG and respiratory pattern signals were processed, analyzed and studied for parameters that could be of potential use in clinical decision making, specifically in patient classification. Patients in the study were characterized through their cardiorespiratory signals, applying joint symbolic dynamics (JSD) analysis to cardiac beat and respiratory interval durations. The most statistically significant parameters across all groups were identified through a Kruskal-Wallis two tailed test (α = 0.05) and a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classification method based on such parameters was developed. The best result achieved with this classification method uses 10 features to discriminate patients with a 97.67% Accuracy (Acc). The best features to discriminate among groups are related to cardiorespiratory interaction rather than just respiration patterns alone. Results further support the idea that abnormal breathing patterns derive from physiological abnormalities in chronic heart failure.
Using a Baseline to Improve Accuracy of Waste Diversion Rate
Authors:   Sr. Sustainability Engineer, General Motors, USA, Marczewski Breitner S.
Published: August 2021

As part of its new sustainability goal “Zero Waste”, General Motors aims to divert 90% of its total waste generation from landfills and incineration with or without energy recovery by 2025. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to determine the correct method to track the percentage of waste diverted over time, since it will be the key performance indicator (KPI) of the program. The most accepted method to calculate this KPI is by dividing the total amount of waste diverted from landfills and/or incinerators by the total amount of waste generated in a specific time period. This methodology presents a simple snapshot of the current performance and does not fully address the long-term performance. The new proposal aims to track performance over time using similar approach as defined in the revised edition of the Greenhouse Gas Protocol. The new methodology uses a baseline to track performance and determines the diversion rate by comparing the total nondiverted material against the baseline. This method has shown accurate percentage of diversion rate and improved the company’s data management since past data was used to calculate the baseline. Keywords: Waste, Diversion Rate, Baseline, Landfill
BY-PRODUCTS OF THE WHELK PROCESSING INDUSTRY AS VALUABLE SOURCE OF ANTIOXIDANT PEPTIDES
Authors:   Department of Science and Health, Institute of Technology Carlow, Republic of Ireland, Varela D. , O’Hara R. ,   Department of Science and Health, Institute of Technology Carlow, Republic of Ireland, Neves A.C ,   Department of Science and Health, Institute of Technology Carlow, Republic of Ireland
Published: August 2021

The fish and shellfish industry processes 851,984 tonnes of fish per year worldwide. However, only 43% of that is consumed, and valuable proteins are processed as waste. Protein hydrolysates are widely used in food technology for their nutritional and functional properties. The goal of this project is to extract protein from whelk by-products derived from the shellfish processing industry and create protein hydrolysates that have marketable value. The by-products were divided into two types: raw (R) and cooked byproduct (C). The proteins were extracted using the pH shift method and quantified using the Bradford assay. It was possible to extract a maximum of 455 mg/g at a neutral pH, for which R had the highest protein yield. Proteins were also qualified using reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) that showed that R has more hydrophilic proteins while the C extracted protein showed more peaks in the hydrophobic phase. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated the presence of glutamine, tyrosine, and serine in the extracted proteins. Extracted proteins were then hydrolyzed using Alcalase and α-Chymotrypsin. It was possible to obtain higher degrees of hydrolysis (DH) using Alcalase. The hydrolysates were tested for antioxidant activity using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) free radical antioxidant assay. Alcalase hydrolysates showed to have overall lower IC50 for stabilization of the DPPH radical than α-Chymotrypsin, the lowest one being 13.92±1.57 µg/mL for the Alcalase hydrolyzed neutral proteins. The IC50 results obtained are significantly lower than the ones described in other studies using the same enzymes or other marine species. This can indicate that more heterogenous mixtures of by-product can originate extracted proteins that when hydrolyzed lead to higher radical scavenging activity, thus making shellfish industry by-product a sustainable and valuable source of antioxidant peptides. Keywords: Shellfish; Bioactive peptides; Protein extraction; Protein hydrolysates, Waste management, Nutraceuticals
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Authors: not provided gayleworten
Published: August 2021

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ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNDE PSİKOLOJİK YARDIM ALMAYA İLİŞKİN TUTUMUN VE PSİKOLOJİK YARDIM ALMA NİYETİNİN ÇEŞİTLİ DEĞİŞKENLERE GÖRE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Altundağ Yunus , Kılıç Zeynep Hilal , Biçer Osman
Published: August 2021

Bu araştırmada üniversite öğrencilerinde psikolojik yardım almaya ilişkin tutumun ve psikolojik yardım alma niyetinin bazı demografik değişkenlere (cinsiyet, sınıf düzeyi, fakülte türü, romantik ilişki durumu, daha önce psikolojik yardım alma, yardım alınan uzman türü, yardımın yararlılığı) göre incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini, 2019-2020 eğitim-öğretim yılında Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi’nde öğrenim görmekte olan 884 (514 kız, 370 erkek) lisans öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Psikolojik Yardım Almaya İlişkin Tutum Ölçeği, Psikolojik Yardım Alma Niyeti Envanteri ve Kişisel Bilgi Formu kullanılarak elde edilen araştırma verileri t-testi ve ANOVA ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarıyla üniversite öğrencilerinin psikolojik yardım almaya ilişkin tutum ve psikolojik yardım alma niyeti puanlarının cinsiyet, sınıf düzeyi, fakülte, romantik ilişki durumu, daha önce psikolojik yardım alma, yardımın yararlılığına ilişkin görüş değişkenlerine göre anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği bulunmuştur. Katılımcıların %81,9’u öğrenim gördükleri üniversitelerinde Psikolojik Danışmanlık Merkezinin gerekli olduğunu ifade etmişlerdir. Bununla birlikte psikolojik yardım almaya ilişkin tutum ve psikolojik yardım alma niyetinin yardım alınan uzman türüne göre farklılaşmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular ilgili literatür çerçevesinde tartışılmıştır.
The Performance of the hairpin type U Shape Double pipe heat exchanger type under effect of using Passive and Active Techniques.
Authors: Rafeq A. Khalefa, Muhamad F. ALbayati ,
Published: August 2021

The process of improving and developing heat exchanger performance has received a lot of attention, and efforts are still being made by specialized researchers and engineers with a huge investigations to increase rate of heat transfer to lessen the volume size and price cost of the factories apparatus accordingly. In this experimental study, a suitable heat exchanger equipped with flow meters and thermocouples for measuring flow rates and temperatures was used with the U shape hairpin type exchanger. The bending and angle of curvature of the tubes causes vortex flow, which greatly aids to attractive the rate of heat transfer process and increase the performance, The effect of active and passive techniques with different positions of the U shape Exchanger like position (U shape and Inverse U shape ) as parallel coupling with tube liquid in series is investigated during this study. passive technique represented using the O ring fin type. and an active technique represented by the injection of an air bubble by a small compressor through a special air diffuser. The results show that the best application was with inverse U shape (∩) and the performance enhanced about (19.1%) in the case of active techniques while and (11.1%) with passive techniques and by applying both techniques together, the overall enhancement was (30.272%), So this study provides new visions for further studies.
Effects of Callus Cell Suspension Cultures and Elicitor Applications on Bioactive Components in Globe Artichoke [Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus (L.) Fiori]
Authors: OZSAN Tugce , ONUS Ahmet
Published: August 2021

Globe artichoke [Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus (L.) Fiori] has many health-protecting properties due to its valuable bioactive components which are not stable and produced in high amounts in the raw plant material in nature. These bioactive components that gaining interest can be increased thanks to the contribution of valuable in vitro techniques, such as callus and cell suspension cultures, and various new applications such as elicitor treatments. Present study aimed to determined bioactive components in three globe artichoke cultivars by using callus cell suspension cultures in various media combinations and by applying two elicitor treatments, namely methyl jasmonate and chitosan, at 3 different concentrations (methyl jasmonate 50 µM, 100 µM, and 200 µM; chitosan 200 mg L-1, 400 mg L-1, and 800 mg L-1) with 3 different application durations (24h, 48h, and 72h). The bioactive compounds profile of cultivars was determined by HPLC-DAD. Obtained results clearly revealed that using well-balanced concentrations of auxin: cytokinin (1:1 or 10:1) in a media composition is a must for triggering the callus formation process for globe artichoke. Results also showed that accumulated bioactive components and their amounts varied based on cultivars. Experiment results revealed that different types of elicitors other than methyl jasmonate and chitosan, or different doses of elicitors and application durations should be used/tested to get desired levels of bioactive components. The findings of the present study may play a supportively and complementarily mission in several important fields such as agriculture, and pharmaceutical engineering.
The Reflection of July 15 on the Turkish Sports World: An Applied Research
Authors: YÜCEL Ali Serdar , TALAS Mustafa , KORKMAZ Murat
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study is to determine the perception dimension of the July 15 coup attempt in the sports world by different demographic characteristics. The research was conducted with 892 participants. a 5-point Likert scale composed of 53 questions and prepared by the researcher with the support of experts were used to obtain data for the study. All analyzes were performed with SPSS v17.0 (SPSS Science, Chicago, IL, USA). Factor analysis, Kruskal Wallis, Anova test and Independent Samples t-test were used for data analysis. It has been concluded following the study that the participants think that the July 15 coup attempt has damaged Turkish sports world, the public practices regarding Turkish sports world are largely (73%) sufficient and the perception dimensions related to the reflection of the July 15 coup attempt on the sports world differ by the variables of age, education, level of income, marital status and the working conditions of the participants.
İhracat ve İnovasyon Temelli Markalaşma İlişkisi: Türkiye Örneği
Authors: ŞEKER Ayberk , DANACI Tuğçe
Published: August 2021

Günümüzde ülkelerin ekonomik gelişiminde ve ihracat performansı artışında teknoloji yoğun üretim tek başına yeterli olmamaktadır. Rekabetin artmasıyla ihracat hacimlerini arttırmayı hedefleyen ülkeler ve işletmeler ürün ve pazarlama inovasyonu faaliyetleri ile ihracata konu olan ürün ve hizmetlerini geliştirmek ve yenilemek durumundadır. Bu çalışmada inovasyon faaliyetleri kapsamında markalaşma ve ihracat ilişkisi incelenmiş, ticarileşme düzeyinin ihracat üzerindeki etkisinin ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Pazarlama inovasyonu kapsamında marka kabul sayısının, ürün inovasyonu kapsamında patent kabul sayısına oranlanması ile elde edilen ticarileşme oranı bağımsız değişken; ihracat hacmi ise bağımlı değişken olarak modele dâhil edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada uzun dönemli ilişkilerin tespiti amacıyla Gregory-Hansen eşbütünleşme testi uygulanmıştır. Nedensellik ilişkilerinin ortaya çıkarılması amacıyla ise frekans alanı nedensellik testine başvurulmuştur. Analiz sonuçlarına göre değişkenler arasında uzun dönemli ilişkilerin bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Effects of Environmental Innovations, Renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth on CO2 Emission: Panel Data Analysis for Select G-20 Countries
Authors: DEMEZ Selim
Published: August 2021

Environmental problems are becoming more visible and this detrimental situation, negatively affecting the national economies. Therefore, the economic effects and costs of environmental problems have become an important research topic in the field of economics. In the literature, carbon dioxide (CO2) emission is generally used as an environmental pollution indicator. It is thought that renewable energy investments and innovative approaches to the environment can overcome environmental problems in the long run. In this study, the effect of environmental innovations (ETI), renewable energy (REC) and growth (GDP) on CO2 emission examined for 8 countries, listed according to the IMF's classification in the G-20 country group between 1993 and 2018. Durbin-H cointegration and FMOLS tests are used in the analysis, considering the cross-sectional dependency and heterogeneity. According to the analysis results, there is a long-term relationship between the variables. The effects of the variables considered on CO2 emission differ by country, the change in REC and GDP for the panel generally reduces CO2 emission, while the increase in ETI increases CO2 emission.
Bir Sektör Olarak Sporun Değerlendirilmesi: Küresel Perspektifte Bir Bakış
Authors: KASAPOĞLU Mehmet Muharrem
Published: August 2021

Etkilediği parametreler, yükselen katma değeri, istihdam potansiyeli, sosyal uyum ve sosyal içermeye katkısı gibi faktörler spor faaliyetlerini sektörleştirmiştir. Günümüzde temel sektörlerle rekabet edebilecek potansiyeli yakalamış olan spor sektörünün bu gelişim seyrini koruyacağı düşünülmektedir. Vurgulanan büyüme potansiyelinin gerçekleşmesi ulusal vizyon belgelerinde de taahhüt altına alınmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen çalışma ile sektör kavramı analiz edilerek sektörleşme süreçleri tartışılmış dünyada ve Türkiye’de spor sektörünün diğer sektörlerle olan ilişkisi incelenmiş, spor sektörünün sosyo-ekonomik anlamda sağladığı katma değer sektörün sağladığı istihdam, ticaret hacmi ve yatırım potansiyeli perspektifinde incelenerek “Spor Sektör Müdür?” tartışması gerekçelendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda spor sektörünün istihdam faktörü, katma değeri ve diğer sektörlerle etkileşimi anlamında temel sektörler ile rekabet edebileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Yine gerçekleştirilen çalışma ile Türkiye özelinde spora ilişkin gerçekleştirilen yatırımların nitelik ve nicelik anlamında yıllar itibariyle artış seyrinde olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Nihayetinde çok yönlü yapısı itibariyle ülkemizin sosyo-ekonomik yönden kalkınmasında bir dinamo vazifesi görebilecek potansiyele sahip olan spor sektöründen söz konusu faydanın sağlanabilmesi ise spora, sporcuya ve spor alt yapısına gerekli yatırımların yapılması ile doğrudan ilişkilidir.
THE CONNECTION BETWEEN DIGITAL DIVIDE AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION: IMPLICATIONS FOR SOCIAL WORK
Authors: Molala Thommy Sebatana , Makhubele Jabulani Calvin
Published: August 2021

Purpose of the study: This paper aims to ascertain the nexus between the digital divide and social exclusion (inequalities) - directly and indirectly, as digital technology enables people to socialise, communicate, work, study, and conduct business.

Methodology: To do this, the literature review is employed as a methodology. Specifically, the narrative or semi-systematic literature review was conducted on all sources germane to the topic under investigation.

Main findings: The paper has found that the digital divide has adverse effects on the employment, education, health, social services, and socio-economic development of digitally excluded people. In addition, it has emerged that the digital divide exacerbates social exclusion.

Applications of this study: To this end, Social Workers and associated professionals are empowered with knowledge about the role of the digital divide in social exclusion, thus they are expected to play active assume advocacy roles as far as Information Communication Policies are concerned.

Novelty/Originality of this study: Digitalisation has embedded factors inducing poverty, inequity, and discrimination unintentionally; thereby this paper replenishes literature in Social Science to enable Social Scientists to utilise relevant information –in their research, intervention, and commentary.
THE IMPACT OF THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS ON THE POLAND
Authors: Korczyc Aleksandra
Published: August 2021

Purpose of the study: This study aims to present the specifics of the global financial crisis, the threats it brings for Poland in the legal sphere, and possible actions to be taken in this area, particularly at the European Union and Poland level.

Methodology: The article uses the historical method and the analysis of documents both at the Polish and European Union levels, including laws, regulations, and decisions.

Main Findings: The scope of the financial crisis in question and its relatively easy transfer between markets entails the necessity to apply extraordinary remedial actions. Poland, through its participation in the European Union, seems to be relatively well protected against the effects of the financial crisis. However, it needs to undertake further structural reforms, in particular reforms of public finances.

Applications of this study: The current study is highly significant for the government of the day in this modern world; the study could be quite effective and meaningful for Higher Education Institutions, government, banks, financial institutions.

Novelty/Originality of this study: Description of the essence of the financial crisis, possibilities of its prevention - earlier possibilities of remedial actions at the institutional and legal level, possibilities of obtaining financial support, global analysis of the problem, including its causes.
Preparing of Future Specialists for Civic Education of Preschool Children
Authors: Yakimenko Svetlana , Filimonova Tatiana , Shcherbak Ihor , Syladii Ivan , Sopivnyk Iryna , Ishchenko Ludmila
Published: August 2021

The problem of teacher training of civic children education of older preschool age is disclosed. The condition of investigated problem is analyzed, the essence of the key research concepts is clarified, the criteria, indicators and levels of civic children education of older preschool age are disclosed. The purpose of the study is to determine certain levels of preparedness of future preschool teachers for patriotic education of older preschool age, to highlight the structural-functional model of the effective formation of future teachers of preschool educational institutions for civic education of older preschool age, justification and testing of pedagogical conditions for its implementation. Studying the reality of readiness of future teachers for the patriotic education of older preschool age allowed identifying the following levels of readiness of future teachers in the control and experimental groups: high, sufficient, average, low. In the course of study, we developed a structural-functional model for the formation of the readiness of future tutor for the civic education of older preschool age with the following structural components: purpose, principles, methods, forms, means, structural components, pedagogical conditions, criteria, indicators, levels and results ? the readiness of future teacher for the patriotic education of senior preschool age. The following principles are related to the pedagogical principles underlying the model: the principle of humanization, personalization, individualization, professional competence, optimization.
İslamcı Basında İstanbul Sözleşmesi Karşıtlığının İzlekleri: Milli Gazete Örneği
Authors: KELEŞ Dilek , ONAY Duygu
Published: August 2021

Bu çalışma, İslamcı basının, kadınları şiddetten korumak amacıyla oluşturulmuş önemli bir hukuki belge niteliği taşıyan İstanbul Sözleşmesi’ne karşı çıkışını konu edinmektedir. Çalışmanın örneklemini, Milli Gazete’nin 2020 yılının Mayıs ayına ait köşe yazıları oluşturmaktadır. Gazetenin, İstanbul Sözleşmesi’ne karşı çıkışını nasıl dile getirdiğini ve bu amaçla hangi söylemsel stratejileri kullandığını açığa çıkarmak amacıyla köşe yazıları, söylem analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Teun A. van Dijk’ın referans alındığı çalışmada, Milli Gazete’nin İstanbul Sözleşmesi karşıtlığını “yok edilme” tehdidi üzerinden kurguladığı ve “yok edilme” tehdidini de üç farklı tema üzerinden dile getirdiği belirlenmiştir. Bu çerçevede, tüm köşe yazarlarının gerçekçi olmayan birtakım iddialarla sözleşmeyi hedef aldıkları ve sözleşmeye karşı çıkışlarını, İslamcı ideolojinin hem dinden hem de ataerkil düşünceden devşirdiği cinsiyetçi söyleme dayandırdıkları tespit edilmiştir.
​Nutritional Evaluation of Predominant Tree Fodders and Shrubs of Southern Kerala as a Quality Livestock Feed
Authors: Mubeena P. , Thomas Usha C. , Surendran Deepa
Published: August 2021

Background: India ranks first in global livestock production and it is an important subsidiary enterprise that support more than 75 per cent of the rural community. But fodder production is not well practiced in our country and animals generally consume naturally grown grasses and shrubs which are of low quality in terms of protein and available energy. Hence, there is an urgent need to look for new fodder resources that are sustainable in nature and cover our fodder deficit. Keeping the above in view, the present study has been proposed to evaluate the predominant tree fodders and shrubs of Southern Kerala as a quality livestock feed. Methods: The study was conducted in College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram during January-September, 2020 to assess the nutritional value of predominant tree fodders and shrubs in Southern Kerala as a quality feed for cattle. Ten different fodder trees and shrubs that locally fed to the cattle viz., Agathi (Sesbania grandiflora), erythrina (Erythrina indica), Drumstick (Moringa oleifera), Coconut (Cocos nucifera), Glyricidia (Glyricidia maculate), Matti (Terminalia elliptica), Subabul (Leucaena leucocephala), Cassava (Manihot esculenta), Banana (Musa acuminate) and Mango (Mangifera indica) were selected and analysed for proximate composition, crude fiber and mineral status. Result: The result revealed that mean values for dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, ether extract and total ash in tree fodders were 37.07±4.02, 18.52±1.72, 18.56±2.07, 4.68±0.51, 8.72±0.66, respectively. The study also proved that Sesbania grandiflora (Agathi) is nutritionally superior to other tree fodders with high crude protein (25.24%) and lower crude fiber (8.43%) content. The Neutral Detergent Fiber content of fodder tree leaves varied from 17.34- 65.32 per cent and that of Acid Detergent Fiber from 11.10-48.69 per cent. Phosphorus and potassium status of top feeds comes under the range of 0.26-0.93 per cent and 1.0-2.7 per cent respectively. However the highest amount of Calcium as well as magnesium was found in Moringa oleifera (2.75 and 0.60 per cent respectively).
Economic Importance and Management Strategies for Alleviation of Milk Fat Depression in Dairy Animals: A Review
Authors: Dudi Kuldeep , Devi Indu , V.V. Vinay , Dhaigude Vaibhav
Published: August 2021

Dairying is an important service sector in India, contributing 4.11 per cent to national GDP and provides secondary occupation to 69.00 per cent of the farming community. From the decades there is a major concern and research mainly focused on increasing the milk yields while milk fat per cent is largely being ignored. As a result, FSSAI had to decrease cow milk standards by 0.30 per cent from average 3.50 per cent milk fat to 3.20 per cent. Milk fat per cent is the important determinant of milk price both in unorganized and organized sector. Per unit (0.10 per cent) of decrease in milk fat per cent can incur a direct loss of 1.66 per cent to dairy farmer’s income. Milk fat depression is largely a nutrition related metabolic disorder and trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomer has been found to be chief culprit. It is a less attended metabolic disorder in India; which is causing huge losses to the dairy farmers. Not a single factor is responsible for it and generally due to lack of adequate nutritional and management knowledge, farmers are unable to identify and cure this multi factorial disorder. Milk fat depression can be influenced and managed by different factors like particle size of feed / fodder, feed processing, ionophores, dietary fatty acid intake, conditions that cause decrease in rumen pH and overcrowding etc.
Identification of lncRNAs Differentially Expressed during Natural and Induced Estrus in Sheep
Authors: Mei Bujun , Liu Rong
Published: August 2021

Background: The manipulation of the estrous cycle or induction of estrus is a commonly used technique in sheep industry. The goal of this study was to identify and characterize differences of non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) expression between induced estrus and natural estrus using the BGISEQ-500 plat form in 7 Mongolian sheep, which will provide insights into the regulation mechanisms of lncRNAs in different reproduction mode of sheep. Methods: During the late spring, ovarian, pituitary, hypothalamic, pineal and uterine tissue samples were collected from four artificially induced estrus and three naturally estrus Mongolian sheep. Total RNA was extracted from the five tissues using TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen) and treated with DNase I following the manufacturer’s instructions. A total of 35 sheep samples were sequenced using the BGISEQ-500 plat form. Bioinformatics methods were used to analysis expression difference analysis between groups, SNP and InDel, alternative splicing, lncRNA’s miRNA precursor prediction, lncRNA target gene and family prediction. Result: 211 novel lncRNAs were systematically identified using RNA-Seq technology. Meanwhile, we found that there are diversifications of lncRNAs in induced estrus vs. nature estrus of ewes. Therefore, we predict that, under the action of exogenous hormones, many physiological processes of ewes may be affected to varying degrees through the change of LncRNA to a variety of pathways.
Therapeutic Response of Mifepristone with Dinoprost and Misoprostol for Management of Canine Pyometra
Authors: Kumar Pratyush , Shukla S.N. , Kumar Krishna , Thakre Tushar , Shrivastava O.P.
Published: August 2021

Background: Canine pyometra (chronic purulent endometritis) is one of the most important uterine disorder of bitches seeks medical treatment. The hormonal therapies are not much popular among the veterinarians thus needs to exploit some hormonal protocols for this condition. Therefore, the experiment was carried out to study the therapeutic response of antiprogestin and prostaglandin in canine pyometra. Methods: The experiment was carried out in total 21 bitches affected with pyometra were selected and divided randomly into 3 groups. Animals of control group (TC) were treated with non-hormonal supportive treatment for 7 days. Animals of T1 were received non-hormonal supportive treatment for 7 days similar to TC along with mifepristone @ 3 mg/kg orally BID on day 1, 2 and 8 and Dinoprost in @ 50-200 mcg/kg S/C day 3 to 7. Animals of T2 were treated similar to TC plus mifepristone @ 3 mg/kg orally BID on day 1, 2 and 8 and Misoprostol @ 3 mcg/kg intravaginally twice daily on day 3 to 7. Result: Therapeutic responses was recorded better in T1 group (100%), followed by T2 (71.43%) and TC (42.86%). The mean TLC values after completion of treatment (day 8) were significantly decreased in T1 and T2. The neutrophil count in different groups T1, T2 and TC was reduced significantly. There was significant decrease in mean concentration of BUN and creatinine on day 8 after treatment in T1 and T2 groups. The mean ALT values decreased significantly in T1 group. However, ALP values decreased significantly in T1 and T2 groups. The mean serum progesterone declined significantly in both the hormone treated groups (T1 and T2). The study can be concluded that therapeutic response of mifepristone with dinoprost tromethamine was found most effective for the treatment of canine pyometra than mifepristone with misoprostol protocol.
​Production, Reproduction Performance and Cost Economics of Nellore Brown Lambs Reared under Different Systems of Rearing
Authors: Rangamma B. , Chandra A. Sarat , Rajanna N. , Prakash M. Gnana , Venkateswarlu M. , Krishna Ch. Hari
Published: August 2021

Background: To know the production and reproductive performance of Nellore brown lambs under three systems i.e. intensive, semi-intensive and extensive system of rearing and which system of rearing was beneficial for the farmer community in terms of cost economics. Methods: 36 Nellore brown lambs of 3 months age from Livestock Research Station, Mamnoor, Warangal district were randomly allotted to three rearing systems i.e. Intensive (G1), Semi-intensive (G2) and Extensive (G3) system of each 12 animals. The body weight and ADG of lambs in the three systems were recorded fortnightly and calculated the cost economics. The reproductive parameters of ewe lambs were recorded. Result: From 3-9 months age, the mean gain in body weight (kg) in the G1 group was significantly (P less than 0.01) higher followed by G2 (10.95 ± 0.18) and G3 (9.33 ± 0.09) groups. The mean ADG (gm) was significantly (P less than 0.01) higher in G1 group (75.14 ± 1.56) than G2 (60.83 ± 1.02) and G3 (51.81 ± 0.47) groups. Significant (P less than 0.05) difference was observed in the mean age at puberty of ewe lambs in the three groups. The mean age at first service was lowest in G1 (329.50 ± 6.99) followed by G2 (360.17 ± 6.56) and G3 (385.17 ± 5.60) groups. The net income (Rs.) obtained from each lamb was 1870.8, 1406.7 and 1217.3, respectively in G1, G2 and G3 groups. The cost per kilogram live weight gain was higher in the G1 group followed by G2 and G3 group.
Food and Feeding Habits of Wedge Clam (Donax cuneatus) Off Thoothukudi, Gulf of Mannar, India
Authors: Takar S. , Jawahar P. , Gurjar U.R. , Kingston S.D. , Neethiselvan N. , Pereira J.J. , Jagadis I.
Published: August 2021

Background: Bivalves are benthic animals existing in coastal habitats, particularly mudflats and tidal. Because of their availability, rich protein content and cheaper cost, they contribute a major portion of the small-scale fishery resource worldwide. Limited information has been available on the food-feeding and habitat structures of bivalves along Indian waters. Therefore, the present investigation was carried out to know the food-feeding and habitat preferred by wedge clam, Donax cuneatus off Thoothukudi, Gulf of Mannar, India. Methods: Soil, water and wedge clam samples were collected from the selected site from September 2019 to March 2021 and soil texture, water quality parameters and gut contents were analyzed at the laboratory. Result: During the study period, salinity, water temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) were in the range from 31-37‰, 24-28°C, 7.7-8.7 and 4.1-5.8 mg/l, respectively. Wedge clams were mainly observed at sandy beaches up to 10 cm in depth. Donax cuneatus mainly feeds on detritus (65%), followed by phytoplankton (31%) and zooplankton (4%). Hence, the diverse fluctuation of food particles, season-specific food and feeding biology and local environmental conditions at the studied region might be the responsible features for the availability of Donax cuneatus.
Tuber Yield and Stability Assessment of Potato Genotypes in Bangladesh
Authors: Amin M.N. , Rahman M.M. , Naznin S. , Alam M.K. , Tipu M.M.H. , Prodhan M.Z.H. , Islam M.M. , Kundu B.C.
Published: August 2021

Background: Scarcity of improved cultivars with wide adaptability and stability in tuber yield is one of the most important reasons for poor yield of potato in Bangladesh. The stable cultivars which perform well over a wide range of environments become very important for farmers and processors because they require reliable production and quality. The current study was aimed to evaluate 10 potato genotypes (eight BARI released cultivars and two advanced clones) grown in six regions to find high yielding and stable performing genotypes. Methods: Ten potato genotypes were evaluated at six locations of Bangladesh during season 2017-2018 following a randomized complete block design with three replications. The potato genotypes were sown on 15th November 2017. Fertilizer doses, irrigation, plant protection, weeding, earthing up and other agronomic practices were applied according to Tuber Crops Research Center (TCRC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) recommendation. Plant height, canopy coverage, stems per hill, tubers per hill, marketable and non-marketable tuber yield at 65 days and at 90 days, tuber weight and dry matter (%) were recorded respectively. Result: Additive Main effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI), genotype and genotype x environment interaction (GGE) bi-plot analysis revealed that environment and genotype effects were highly significant. AMMI and GGE bi-plot illustrated that environments were diverse and variation among genotypes were found. Considering yield and yield contributing characters, BARI Alu-91 (Carolus) and BARI Alu-25 (Asterix) showed higher yield without further influenced by environment. BARI Alu-89 (Fortus), Clone 12.2 and Colomba had better mean performance with more adaptability and stability.
Energy and Economic Budgeting of Pigeonpea Genotypes (Cajanus cajan L.) at Various Sowing Dates
Authors: Prasad Dasharath , Prakash Vijay , Bairwa S.K. , Chauhan P.S.
Published: August 2021

Background: Early duration pigeonpea genotypes a boon as the crop needs a very little amount of inputs, survives well even under available water conditions because of its Bio-tillage in nature. There are many causes of low productivity of pigeonpea, using long duration genotypes, using convention varieties, non monitored input like sowing date and management practice and short duration genotypes play a very important role in productivity as well as production in Rajasthan. Methods: A two-year field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Sriganganagar Rajasthan, during the Kharif season of the year 2018 and 2019. The experiment is laidout with a split plot design with thrice replication, in the main plot four dates of sowing allotted viz: D1: 25th May, D2: 10th June, D3: 25th June and D4: 10th July and in subplot five genotypes allotted viz: V1: UPAS-120, V2: ASJ-105, V3: Pant- 291, V4: PUSA- 992, V5: ICPL- 88039. Result: Field experiments resulted, the Sowing date D2: 10th June (1451 kg ha-1), is best suitable as compared to others in terms of yields, its attributes and B:C ratio both the years. In the short duration varieties V4: PUSA-992 (1586 kg ha-1) superior to others. In respect of different sowings dates the energy budgeting viz: energy use efficiency varies from D1: 25th May (9.80) and (5.99) to D4: 10th July (8.14) and (4.95), energy productivity (kg MJ-1) varies from D1: 25th May (0.164) and (0.104) to D4: 10th July (0.126) and (0.078) in both the years. In respective of genotypes the higher energy use efficiency found in V4: PUSA-992 (10.34), (6.56), energy productivity in V4: PUSA-992 (0.171 kg MJ-1), (0.111 kg MJ-1) which was superior with others in all aspect in both the years respectively.
​​The Effects of Gibberellic Acid (GA3) Applications on the Physiological Features of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under Different Salt (NaCI) Stress Conditions
Authors: Erbil E.
Published: August 2021

Background: Salinity is one of the most imperative problems of farmers worldwide. Reports are available that the external application of GA3 can reduce harmful effects of salinity. Low concentration and small quantities of GA3, a phytohormone, is essential to hasten the growth and development of plants. The current study was aimed to test the efficiency of GA3 on the impart of salt tolerance in terms of better nutrient uptake under salt stress situation and to determine the effect of external giberellic acid applications on the physiological properties and proline level of peanuts under different salt (NaCl) stress conditions on the degree of resistance to salt stress in peanuts. Methods: Trial was established as split plot design with 3 replications and NC-7 variety was used as a material. The chlorophyll content in leaves, ion (K, Na, Mg, Ca) content, cell membrane permeability were searched in the research. To determine the physiological responses of groundnut in the conditions of Gibberellic asid (GA3), (0, 5, 15 mM) applications under the different salt (Nacl), (0, 25, 50, 100 mM) stress conditions at the Plant Growth Room in the GAP Agricultural Research Institute in Şanlıurfa, Turkey in 2019. The chlorophyll content in leaves, ion (K, Na, Mg, Ca) content, cell membrane permeability were searched in the research. Result: The increasing salt applications decreases the leaf chlorophyll content and leaf ions (K, Mg, Ca) content, in contrast, increased the cell membrane permeability, proline content and sodium concentration were determined. The gibberallic asid applied externally against salt stress were determined to have the positive effects on traits; leaf chlorophyll content, ion (K, Na, Mg, Ca) content, cell membrane permeability, proline content.
In Vitro Interactions of Antibiotics with Drugs Used in Chronic Diseases
Authors: ERDOĞAN Esra , GÜNAL Selami
Published: August 2021

Objective: In this century, with the prolonged life expectancy, chronic diseases have become the most important cause of mortality and morbidity in the world and in our country. Frequent drug-drug interactions have made it necessary to update the doses of drugs in multiple drug use. In our study, we aimed to observe how the drugs that are frequently prescribed by physicians in the treatment of chronic and infectious diseases, together with standard bacteria and fungi strains in in vitro environment, change the effects of each other.Methods: By combining antibiotic discs and drugs that are commonly used in chronic diseases (acetylsalicylic acid, amlodipine, atorvastatin, warfarin, metoprolol and clopidogrel) in in vitro environment, we determined the drug interactions (synergy/antagonism) by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method.Results: While most of the discs placed on the culture of Candida albicans through impregnation of drugs showed potentiation synergism with itraconazole and fluconazole, other microorganisms showed synergistic and sometimes antagonistic interactions with different drugs and antibiotics, whereas some of the drugs did not show any interaction with antibiotic discs.Conclusion: Due to the strong relationship between advanced age and the number of prescribed drugs and the frequency of possible drug-drug interactions, the elderly people especially are susceptible to this situation. Infections caused by resistant bacteria cause an increase in disease/death rates and treatment costs. With the awareness that the only difference between drug and poison is the dose, all health professionals especially doctors and pharmacists and patients have a responsibility towards the rational use of drugs.
The Effect of Leg Strength and Jump Performance on Balance in Handball Players
Authors: DÜLGER Osman , BAS Orhan
Published: August 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of leg strength and jump performance on balance in handball players.Methods: It involved the evaluation of balance, leg strength, and jump performance of licensed handball players in our region. Athletes’ balance measurements were collected under three parameters (static balance with eyes open, static balance with eyes closed, and bipedal dynamic balance) using a CSMI-Tecnobody PK-252 isokinetic balance measuring device. Vertical jump was measured on a splash mat, horizontal (forward) jump on a flat surface, and leg strength with a back-leg dynamometer. Athletes’ anaerobic strengths were calculated based on the Lewis formula, and all data were analyzed on SPSS 22.0 V software. At statistical analysis, a test of normality (Shapiro Wilk) was applied to determine whether data were normally distributed (p>0.05). Pearson correlation analysis was applied for values exhibiting normal distribution in the test results, and Spearman correlation (r) for non-normally distributed values.Results: Negative correlation was observed between athletes’ vertical jump values and bipedal average track error (ATE) and stability indicator values. Negative correlation was observed between horizontal jump and bipedal ATE values, and between leg strength data and closed-eye average medial lateral speed values. Anaerobic strength values were also negatively correlated with closed-eye average forward-backward velocity, closed-eye PM, and bipedal ATE values (p<0.05). Examination of the analysis results showed that balance values decreased as vertical jump, horizontal jump, leg strength, and anaerobic strength increased.Conclusion: We concluded that an athlete would acquire better balance performance through jump, strength, strength, and anaerobic strength developing training.
Recurrence of Hepatic Hydatidosis: How and Why?
Authors: TARIM Ismail , MUTLU Vahit , KARABULUT Kağan , BİRCAN Recep , DEREBEY Murat , KAMALI POLAT Ayfer , ERZURUMLU Kenan
Published: August 2021

Objective: For recurrence of hepatic hydatid, cysts overlooked during surgery, secondary cysts due to the spread of cystic fluid, late postoperative hydatid cyst formation and inadequate treatment are recommended. Factors affecting recurrence were investigated in cases with recurrence. In this retrospective study, data on 199 patients with hepatic hydatid disease treated by surgery in our hospital, between January 1993 and December 2018 were reviewed.Methods: In this study, patients who were operated for hepatic hydatid disease; The relationship between cyst diameters, cyst stages, number of cysts and recurrence was investigated.Results: 84 patients were male and 115 were female. Most of the cases (189 patients- 88.06 %) treated by conservative surgical methods. Remaining’s (8 patients-4.3 %) had total cystectomy or segmental hepatectomy. Recurrence rate was found 5.47%. In that cases, primary operations were done by us, there was no significant differences between cysts’ stages and recurrences. There was not significantly differences between cysts’ number and recurrences, except the patients had 2 cysts (z=2.17, p=0.03).Conclusion: The best way of prevention of the recurrence of hepatic hydatid cysts are complete diagnosis of cysts' classification, localization, and medico-surgical combination. Perioperative medical treatment must be start three days ago before the operation and should be continued for at least 6 months.