bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prosthodontic rehabilitation of mandibular discontinuity post-luminal type ameloblastoma using direct metal laser-sintering printed preci-vertix attachment and cast partial denture—A case report
Authors: Rathee Manu , Singh Sandeep , Jain Prachi , Divakar S , Chahal Sujata , Tomar Sarthak Singh
Published: December 2024

The Indian subcontinent has the highest prevalence of orofacial cancer, according to WHO statistics. Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or combination therapies are commonly administered treatment modalities for the treatment of oral cancer. The degree of disability and complexity of prosthetic rehabilitation is usually influenced by the size and location of the defect. Ameloblastomas are anatomically benign but locally invasive odontogenic tumors most frequently located in the mandible. The surgical resection of the tumor with safety margins is the gold standard of care. Postsurgical defects generate significant morbidity that needs reconstruction and prosthodontic rehabilitation to restore oral functions. This case report describes the prosthetic rehabilitation of a 45-year-old male after the resection of a mandibular ameloblastoma. The lesion was excised by segmental mandibulectomy followed by reconstruction plate placement. Rehabilitation was achieved by direct metal laser-sintering (DMLS) printed preci-vertix attachment and cast partial denture (CPD).
Squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa with distant metastasis to brain
Authors: Anand Jyoti , Pal Chandan K.
Published: December 2024

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is known for increased recurrence rate and locoregional spread. Distant metastasis is less seen, while brain metastasis is a rare finding with <1% of HNSCC cases. The perineural route is the commonest mode of spread with symptoms of paresis, pain, vertigo, or neurological signs of cranial nerve involvement. Surgery with or without radiation therapy (RT) to the whole brain remains the mode of treatment in such cases. Here, we discuss a rare case of HNSCC, which metastasized to the brain within a few months of the completion of treatment of the primary tumor site. A combined treatment approach, which includes surgery, RT, and chemotherapy, is the mainstay of treatment to control locoregional spread.
Systemic inflammatory disorders of the lymphoreticular system mimicking lymphoma: A focused group study
Authors: Chauhan Kriti , Kathuria Komal , Hatwal Varun
Published: December 2024

Aims:

Inflammation is the process of protecting the body against pathogens mediated by cytokines. Their unprecedented production involves multiple organs with systemic manifestations and causes changes in the morphology of lymphoid tissues, which are nonspecific and are diagnosed as non-lymphomatous reactive lymphadenopathies. We aim to study the different types of histological changes in the lymph nodes and bone marrow (BM) brought about by certain systemic autoimmune and inflammatory disorders and how to corroborate the biochemical, serological, and clinical details to clinch the diagnosis.

Materials and Methods:

The histological features of a total of 44 lymph node excision biopsies and BM biopsies, suspicious of lymphoma, were studied in conjunction with the biochemical, serological, and radiological findings.

Results:

After excluding lymphomas, tuberculosis, and mycosis, there were 10 cases that showed nonspecific reactive changes in lymph nodes and BM having either an autoimmune disorder or a nonspecific inflammatory disorder due to unknown etiology. After a detailed histological study, these 10 cases were divided into three groups: idiopathic multicentric Castleman’s disease-not otherwise specified (iMCD-NOS), idiopathic multicentric castleman’s disease without proven-thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, reticulin fibrosis, organomegaly (TAFRO), and autoimmune-associated systemic disorder (T-zone dysplasia with hyperplastic follicles and autoimmune myelofibrosis (AIMF)).

Conclusion:

Any patient with a multisystemic disorder and non-lymphomatous generalized lymphadenopathy showing reactive nonspecific or Castleman-like changes should be thoroughly investigated for a nonneoplastic etiology such as autoimmune disease or infection to help with timely intervention.
Immunohistochemical expression of estrogen receptor-β in adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary gland – A descriptive study
Authors: Mujtaba Hasan , Ahmad Shahzad , Khan Zafar Ali , Issrani Rakhi , Munisekhar Manay Srinivas , Iqbal Shazia , Javed Danish , Alqarni Mohammed Saad , Batool Iffat , Alotha Salah Nazal , Alsiyat Basant Mousa , Khan Tahir Ullah
Published: December 2024

Background:

Estrogen, essential for normal growth and differentiation, is expressed in various organs. Though its role in salivary glands and its cancers is not fully understood, numerous studies have investigated estrogen receptor (ER) α expression in adenoid cystic carcinoma. This study specifically evaluates the expression of ERβ.

Objective:

To determine the immunohistochemical expression of ERβ in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary gland. Additionally, associations among gender, tumor site, histological type of adenoid cystic carcinoma in the salivary glands, and the expression of ERβ are explored.

Materials and Methods:

This descriptive study was conducted on 30 samples diagnosed with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary gland. Histological features of all the selected cases were reviewed from freshly prepared hematoxylin and eosin sections and immunohistochemical staining for ERβ were performed.

Results:

Immunohistochemical staining of the studied samples revealed that 26 (86.7%) cases showed positivity for expression of ERβ and 4 (13.3%) samples were negative. Regarding Allred scoring, 8 (26.7%) cases scored 6, 10 (33.3%) cases scored 5, 6 (20.0%) cases scored 4 and 2 (6.7%) cases scored 3. However, there was no statistically significant (P > 0.05) association between the gender, site of tumor, the histological type of ACC-SG, and the expression of ERβ.

Conclusion:

There is a possibility that tumors, which express ERβ may be subjected to hormone therapy by selective ER modulators, which are tissue or cell-specific.
Bilateral ovarian mature cystic teratoma with unilateral malignant transformation to adenocarcinoma: A case report
Authors: Aziz Adil , Ahuja Sana , Ahluwalia Charanjeet
Published: December 2024

Mature cystic teratoma (MCT) is the most common germ cell tumor of the ovary, comprising 20% of all ovarian neoplasms. Malignant transformation (MT) is an uncommon complication and occurs in approximately 1–3% of all MCTs. The most common histological type of MT is squamous cell carcinoma. Other rare transformations include – carcinoid tumors, melanoma, adenocarcinoma, and sarcoma. We present one such rare case of bilateral MCT with unilateral MT into mucinous adenocarcinoma of intestinal type.
Postinfectious Bronchiolitis Obliterans: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Survey
Authors: Potti Priyanka , Madhusudan Manoj , Chandra Tejaswi , Srikanta J. T.
Published: December 2024

Objective:

The objective of the study was to outline what is commonly understood, perceived, and followed at individual institutions across the country on the subject of postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO).

Methodology:

A 64-item web-based questionnaire with three sections addressing key domains in PIBO was employed. The questionnaire assessed knowledge points, attitudes, and practice essentials which were consolidated and analyzed.

Results:

The questionnaire was completed by 40 pediatricians/subspecialists across 15 cities in India, and 88% of them were pediatric pulmonologists. Adenovirus was the most commonly known virus to cause PIBO. Age at initial lower respiratory infection, need for prolonged oxygen support, requirement of mechanical ventilation, need for systemic steroids, and longer duration of hospital stay were perceived to be risk factors for PIBO by >75% of respondents. The prognosis was thought to be favorable by 75% of respondents. Corticosteroids, either as daily oral (50%) or monthly intravenous (70%), were the most preferred treatment option. Inhaled corticosteroids and azithromycin were employed as add-on therapies by >80% of consultants. While 61.5% were aware of combination therapies such as fluticasone, azithromycin, and montelukast (FAM)/budesonide, azithromycin, and montelukast (BAM) therapies, only 48.7% used them. Up to 10% of children were observed to need second-line treatment by our respondents, but the choice of drug and time of institution exhibited discrepancies.

Conclusions:

There is a sizeable ambiguity in practices concerning PIBO. This uncertainty calls for a review and consensus among Indian practitioners.
Chronic Stridor: An Unusual Presentation of an Airway Foreign Body
Authors: Sharma Rahul , Bafna Sanjay , Lalwani Sanjay , Agarwal Khushboo
Published: December 2024

Airway foreign bodies usually present with recurrent/persistent cough and/or wheezing or acute stridor. Chronic stridor is an unusual presentation of a foreign body. We report a case of a 17-month-old male child who was referred to us for evaluation of recurrent stridor and hoarseness of voice for the past 8 months. Previously, he had multiple emergency department visits for stridor, treated as croup. He had transient improvement in symptoms with nebulized steroids but continued to experience frequent worsening of symptoms despite treatment with daily inhaled steroids. Two chest radiographs were reported to be normal. Flexible bronchoscopy revealed a foreign body in the supra-glottic region adherent to the surrounding tissues, which was successfully removed by the ear, nose, and throat surgeon.
An Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial of Tolperisone and Baclofen in the Management of Spasticity in Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Kamate Mahesh , S. M. Deepti , Metgud Deepa
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:

Medical treatment options for managing spasticity in children with cerebral palsy are limited and are associated with intolerable side effects. There is a need for newer medications to manage spasticity.

Aim:

To study the clinical efficacy and safety of tolperisone in comparison to baclofen in reducing spasticity in children with cerebral palsy.

Materials and Methods:

An open-labeled randomized controlled trial, where 65 children with spastic cerebral palsy were enrolled over a period of 1 year and randomized to receive either baclofen or tolperisone for 3 months.

Results:

Demographic details, birth factors, and physiological and functional type of cerebral palsy were comparable in both the groups. Modified Ashworth scale scores of quadriceps in baclofen group (preintervention = 2.41 ± 0.50 and postintervention = 2.25 ± 0.44) were comparable with scores in tolperisone (preintervention = 2.46 ± 0.5 and postintervention = 2.08 ± 0.27) (P < 0.05). Similar observations were seen in other muscles also. The total quality of upper extremity skill test scores in baclofen (preintervention = 51.27 ± 21.07 and postintervention = 52.71 ± 21.46) were comparable with scores in tolperisone group (preintervention = 46.8 ± 18.40 and postintervention = 9.60 ± 17.61) (P < 0.05). Gross motor function measures-66 scores in baclofen group (preintervention = 49 ± 22.43 and postintervention = 50.48 ± 22.13) were also comparable with scores in tolperisone (preintervention = 42.06 ± 20.84 and postintervention = 47.45 ± 20.07) (P < 0.05). Although 26 (86.7%) patients with baclofen had tolerable side effects, 18 (60%) in tolperisone group had tolerable side effects. The cost of tolperisone treatment was half of that of baclofen.

Conclusions:

The efficacy of tolperisone in treating spasticity was comparable with that of baclofen; it was better tolerated and cheaper as compared to baclofen.
Presence and characterisation of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Gram-negative bacteria obtained from water in selected storage tanks
Authors: Olajide Oluwafunmilayo Elizabeth , Nwadike Blessing Ifeoma , Omotosho Oluwatobi , Oluwole Ayobami Priscillia
Published: December 2024

Objective:

To detect the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria in water from selected storage tanks in Ogun State, Nigeria.

Methods:

MacConkey agar supplemented with 6 µg/mL of cefotaxime was used to isolate bacteria. Pure isolates were identified through PCR amplification. The susceptibility patterns of the isolates to ceftazidime (30 µg/mL), amoxicillin/clavulanate (30 µg/mL), tetracycline (30 µg/mL), cefotaxime (30 µg/mL), cefpodoxime (10 µg/mL), and ciprofloxacin (5 µg/mL) were evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, while the identification of beta-lactamase production was performed using the double disc synergy test.

Results:

A total of 19 isolates belonging to four genera (Citrobacter, Pseudomonas, Escherichia, and Serratia) were obtained from the ten water samples. Escherichia coli and Citrobacter spp. had the highest presence (30.0%). The antibiotic with highest resistance was observed to be cefpodoxime (100%) followed by amoxicillin/clavulanate (89.5%) and cefotaxime (89.5%), the least was noted with tetracycline (31.6%). Additionally, 10 (52.6%) out of the 19 isolates showed beta-lactamase-producing phenotypic properties with high resistance to cefpodoxime (100%), amoxicillin/clavulanate (100%) and ceftazidime (90.0%). Additionally, this study showed the link between bacterial strains identified by 16S rRNA and related human diseases, highlighting the importance of genetic identification in managing infections.

Conclusions:

This study highlights the prevalence of beta-lactam-resistant bacteria, emphasizing the urgent need for proactive measures to address this issue.
Early Infantile Form of Krabbe Disease with a GALC Gene Mutation: A Case Report in Bangladesh
Authors: Nasrin Shamima , Alam Syeda Tabassum , Fatema Kanij , Islam Kazi Ashraful
Published: December 2024

Krabbe disease or globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) is a rare, genetic disorder affecting the white matter of the brain. It belongs to a group of lysosomal storage disorders known as sphingolipidosis. We report a case of an 11-month-old female child who presented with symptoms of motor and cognitive regression along with dystonia since the 5th month of age and frequent seizure since the 9th month of age. Diagnosis of this disease made with clinical suspicion followed by laboratory diagnosis includes brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with magnetic resonance (MRS) spectroscopy, metabolic screening, and genetic analysis for detecting mutations in genes coding for galactosyl cerebroside (GALC). We report a case of early infantile Krabbe disease.
Deep Vein Thrombosis in an Adolescent Boy with Lupus Nephritis Triggered by Dengue Infection: A Case Report
Authors: Mitu Marufa Ferdousi , Mollah Momen , Al Mamun Abdullah , Akter Amina , Oneek MD. Ishteak Ahmed , Hossain Delwar , Huque Syed Saimul , Roy Ranjit Ranjan , Begum Afroza
Published: December 2024

Viral infection is considered an important trigger factor for developing or flare-up of lupus manifestations. Dengue is a viral infectious disease, which may trigger the antiphospholipid antibody-mediated progression to thrombosis in lupus patients by dysfunctional immune response. Here, we report a case of a 10-year-old boy with lupus nephritis who developed dengue, followed by deep vein thrombosis, and found an abnormal ratio of lupus anticoagulant (LA) screening assay with low phospholipid content (LA1) and LA confirmation assay with high phospholipid content (LA2); LA1/LA2 ratio of 1.3, indicating the presence of LA and diagnosed as antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). He was promptly treated with an infusion of unfractionated heparin, followed by warfarin, and was also given aspirin as prophylaxis for antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and the patient responded well to the treatment. The co-occurrence of dengue and lupus can lead to the triggering of autoimmunity and may cause secondary APS, and thromboembolic events. Therefore, early diagnosis, screening for thromboembolism, and prompt management are essential to improve the patient’s prognosis.
Comparative Efficacy of Nebulized Salbutamol with Single-Dose Parenteral Dexamethasone Versus Nebulized Salbutamol Alone in Infants with Acute Bronchiolitis: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Sharmim Mst. Shanjida , Mollah Abid Hossain , Rahman Ekhlasur , Afroz Shireen , Alam Mohammad Rashidul , Khasru AKM Amirul Morshed , Alam Maliha , Nine S. M. A. Zulker
Published: December 2024

Background:

Bronchiolitis is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children. This study compared the efficacy of single-dose parenteral dexamethasone with nebulized salbutamol versus nebulized salbutamol alone in infants with acute bronchiolitis.

Materials and Methods:

This randomized control trial included 90 infants with bronchiolitis, aged 1–12 months, with a preceding or existing runny nose, cough, breathing difficulty, chest indrawing, and wheezing. The cases were randomized into group A, n = 30 (received a single-dose dexamethasone injection with nebulized salbutamol), group B, n = 30 (received nebulized salbutamol), and group C, n = 30 (received supportive treatment). The first two groups received nebulized salbutamol 8 hourly per day until the disease severity came to a mild level. Respiratory distress assessment instrument (RDAI) score and oxygen saturation were observed to assess the response to therapy.

Results:

All study cases presented with cough, wheezing, and respiratory distress (100%). Feeding difficulty and running nose were present in 82.2% and 80% of cases, respectively. The majority of the cases came from urban areas with smoker families. In nebulized salbutamol with a single-dose intramuscular dexamethasone injection group, respiratory rate (RR), RDAI score, and partial saturation of oxygen (SpO2) at admission were 59.73 (±6.71), 9.97 (±1.80), 87.96% (±1.27) and after 72 h 28.90(±5.23), 1.56(±.56), 99.93%(±25) respectively. In the salbutamol nebulization group, respiratory rate (RR), RDAI score, and O2 saturation at admission were 60(±6.62), 9.47 (±1.81), 88.33%(±1.70) and after 72 h 31.80 (±6.08), 3.76 (±.85), 99%(± 1.06) respectively. In the supportive treatment group, RR, RDAI score, and SpO2 at admission were 58.33 ± 5.78, 10.07 ± 1.78, and 88.33 ± 1.65 and after 72 h, 37 ± 8.30, 4.80 ± 1.03, and 98.86 ± 1.07, respectively. After 72 h, all the groups improved but were more significant in nebulized salbutamol with a single-dose intramuscular dexamethasone injection.

Conclusion:

Single-dose dexamethasone injection with nebulized salbutamol is superior to nebulized salbutamol and supportive treatment in treating infants with bronchiolitis.
Determination of elements present in select medicinal plants used by tribal people for therapeutic purposes
Authors: Babu D. Ch. Raju , Surendra K. , Rao A. D. P.
Published: December 2024

Twelve medicinal plants have been collected from the Paderu agency area (at high altitude) of Visakhapatnam District, AP state of India, which are used for traditional treatment by local tribal people. Concentrations of macro and micro or trace elements of these medicinal plants have been determined by using spectra obtained due to energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer coupled with Si (Li) detector. Six macro (K > Ca > P > Cl > Si > S), ten micro and or trace elements (Fe > Mn > Zn > V > Cu > Ni > I > Cr > Mo > Se) are obtained; these elements used to analyze with physiological and metabolic importance of human beings. Further obtained results are interpreted with curative properties of different diseases. Thus, the role of observed elements for therapeutic usage relating to the undertaken medicinal plants those using in the Paderu agency area have been corroborated. Statistical analysis also carried out by using linear correlation analysis.
Building resilience: India’s network of radiation emergency response centers
Authors: Chandra Anirudh , Saindane Shashank , Yadav R. K. B. , Chaudhury Probal , Aswal Dinesh Kumar
Published: December 2024

India’s expanding nuclear energy program and the increased use of radiation technologies are essential for fulfilling its energy needs and delivering societal benefits. However, this growth also heightens the risk of radiation hazards, necessitating a robust radiation emergency response system. Currently, the Department of Atomic Energy operates 25 Radiation Emergency Response Centers (RERCs) across the country, which provide technical support to responder agencies during nuclear and radiological emergencies at both nuclear facilities and in public spaces. This paper outlines the role and operational elements of RERCs within the emergency preparedness and response framework, drawing on a review of various national response and regulatory documents, as well as discussions with national radiation emergency response experts. This work not only highlights the domestic capabilities of India’s RERC network but also serves as a valuable resource for policymakers and technocrats striving to strengthen and enhance the country’s radiation emergency response infrastructure.
Comparative evaluation between two hybrid local anesthetics in lower third molar extraction: A retrospective study
Authors: Kumar Sourav , Dipti Nayak , Shashank Kumar , Musaab Khan , Shalini Kumari , Pranshu Chauhan
Published: December 2024

Background:

Transalveolar extraction of the teeth may cause major serious complications, such as pain, swelling, and mouth opening. This study was conducted to find the most appropriate mixture of local anesthetics and glucocorticoids.

Aims:

This study was designed to compare pain, swelling, and mouth opening in 4% articaine with dexamethasone and 2% lignocaine and dexamethasone.

Subjects and Methods:

This retrospective study contains two groups with 30 patients in each group. Both the groups underwent transalveolar extraction, and 4% articaine + dexamethasone was administered in Group A, and 2% lignocaine + dexamethasone was given in Group B. Patients were assessed for pain, mouth opening, and swelling.

Results:

There was a better anesthetic effect with 4% articaine + dexamethasone (Group A) than with 2% lignocaine + dexamethasone (Group B); a significant finding was found in pain parameters but there was no significance in swelling and mouth opening.

Conclusions:

We found that 4% articaine + dexamethasone is superior for pain control intraoperatively, but no difference was found in mouth opening and swelling.
Experimental Investigation of Performance and Vibration Parameters of
an Otto Cycle Engine Operated with Regular Gasoline, Premium Gasoline, Pure
Ethanol and Mixture of Ethanol with Regular Gasoline
Authors: Santana Claudio Marcio , Santana Linicker Lopes Bruno , Almeida Helder Giostri Alves
Published: December 2024

Otto cycle internal combustion engines have undergone technological developments
that can be fueled by various types of fuels in different mixture proportions.
To achieve this, a detailed study of the main factors that influence the engine
combustion process is necessary. The objective of this study is to evaluate the
effects of varying the ignition advance on the performance parameters and
vibration level of the engine operated with regular gasoline, premium gasoline,
ethanol and a mixture of ethanol with regular gasoline. The experimental tests
consisted of operating an Otto cycle engine on a bench dynamometer under full
load conditions, varying rotation and ignition advance by 5, 10 and 20% in
relation to the original ignition advance and correlating the levels of
pre-ignition, knock, engine vibration levels with engine performance parameters.
The results showed that the engine vibration level was influenced by the type of
fuel used, engine performance parameters and the presence of pre-ignition and
knock. The results also confirmed that fuels with a higher-octane number
supported greater ignition advances, presenting lower levels of pre-ignition,
knock and vibration in the engine. In all operating conditions, the level of
engine vibration, presence of pre-ignition and knock was higher when using
regular gasoline, followed by a mixture of ethanol and regular gasoline. This
study is relevant because it correlates the vibration level of an internal
combustion engine with the type of fuel and the engine’s combustion process.
Thermal Energy Balance of an Otto Cycle Engine Fueled with Ethanol and Gasoline
Authors: Santana Claudio Marcio , Santana Linicker Lopes Bruno , Almeida Helder Giostri Alves
Published: December 2024

Otto Cycle can operate with both gasoline and ethanol; however, these fuels have different properties that will result in different performance parameters. This work aims to compare the thermal energy balance of an internal combustion engine fueled with gasoline and ethanol. The experimental tests were carried out on a dynamometer bench varying engine speed between 1500 and 6000 rpm and at full load condition. The results showed that the engine’s maximum thermal efficiency ranged from 30.51% with gasoline to 31.72% with ethanol. The percentage of energy dissipated to the cooling system varied from 16.93% with gasoline from 16.12% with ethanol. The percentage of energy dissipated to the exhaust system ranged from 32.82% with gasoline from 34.64% with ethanol. The percentage of energy wasted due to incomplete fuel combustion varied from 3.50% with gasoline from 10.00% with ethanol. The percentage of energy dissipated to the lubrication system ranged from 3.95% with gasoline from 3.76% with ethanol. The percentage of energy rejected into the environment by convection and radiation heat transfer ranged from 30.43% with gasoline from 27.96% with ethanol. This work is relevant because a detailed study of the thermal energy balance in an internal combustion engine operated with ethanol and gasoline was carried out.
Vibration Measurement on Diesel Engine Components under Adverse Conditions in Brazilian Application
Authors: Feijó Igor Sommerfeld , Gonçalves Carlos Aurélio Bustamante
Published: December 2024

The objective of this study is to investigate the root cause of cracks detected in the Turbocharger bracket belonging to the engine Mercedes-Benz OM471 (Power: 390kW, Torque: 2600Nm) from Vehicle Truck Mercedes-Benz Actros 2651LS 6x4 Euro V. The investigation started with the instrumentation of every related component (besides the bracket itself, the charge air pipe, the exhaust pipe and also the crankcase for reference) in order to perform a vibration measurement. The necessary equipment to execute this procedure, included accelerometers, temperature sensors, strain gages and an inductive engine speed sensor. All data had to be acquired directly from real application conditions in vehicle, maximum load of 74 ton in a previously defined mountain road track, due to the impossibility to generate similar results in comparison to the ones detected on road through bench tests (or any other in-door experiment). The bracket position is located on the right side of a diesel combustion engine, also known as “engine hot side”, and work under temperatures in a range from 300 to 400 Celsius degrees. The development of a solution to allow the measurements to occur under such inhospitable conditions became a mandatory step of the investigation. The addition of a cooling system for the accelerometers, its adaptation and also the installation in the vehicle had been a challenging operation in order to reach the necessary results. The analysis of the raw data (speed, acceleration, strain and temperature) through Fast Fourier Transformation calculation (FFT) led to the exact determination of the root cause. With a clear understanding of the part behavior, assertive proposals of solution could be developed thanks to the answers obtained in the results of these measurements.
Loss Function Curve to Quantify Customer (Dis)Satisfaction for Rear Opening Width Lower for Notch Back Vehicle
Authors: Santos Alex Cardoso , Silva Gustavo , Genaro Piero , Terra Rafael , Pádua Antônio , Benevente Rodrigo , Lourenço Sergio
Published: December 2024

During the early phase of vehicle development, one of the key design attributes to consider is the trunk. Trunk is the pillar that is responsible for user’s accommodate their baggage and make into customer needs in engineer metrics. Therefore, it is one of the key requirements to be considered during the vehicle design. Certain internal vehicle trunk characteristics such as the trunk height and length are engineer metrics that influence the occupants’ perception for trunk. One specific characteristic influencing satisfaction is the rear opening width lower for notch back segment, which is the subject of this paper. The objective of this project is to analyze the relationship between the rear opening width lower with the occupant’s satisfaction under real world driving conditions, based on research, statistical data analysis and dynamic clinics.
Low-Cost Improvements of an Old Flow Bench and a Discussion of Replacing Orifice Plate by MAF in its Flow Measurement
Authors: Vandresen Marcelo , Santos Luciano Amaury
Published: December 2024

Recognizing the significant challenges inherent in the analysis of periodic gas flow through reciprocating engines, one can easily appreciate the value of studying the steady flow through cylinder heads, manifolds, and exhaust systems. In these studies, flow benches are the cornerstone of the experimental apparatus needed to validate theoretical results or to perform purely experimental analysis. The Metal-Mechanics Department of IFSC owns a SuperFlow model SF-110 flow bench that has suffered some in house maintenance and received electronic sensors to allow computerized data acquisition. As the essential original sensors in this flow bench were liquid column manometer (for pressure difference across the test subject) and micromanometer (for pressure difference across the orifice plate used to measure the flow), the essential new sensors are electronic differential pressure sensors (installed in parallel with the original ones). In recent decades, however, the use of a mass air flow (MAF) sensor replacing the orifice plate and micromanometer, has been proposed in do it yourself (DIY) flow bench projects presented at the Internet. Some tests of a MAF sensor in the IFSC flow bench are being undertaken to support a discussion of its advantages and disadvantages when compared to the orifice plate. The present work discusses this substitution, as well the electronics and software used in the present version of the in house developed computerized data acquisition system. Preliminary results, difficulties and reliability issues faced by the authors in this development are discussed to share the lessons learned with the readers. The preliminary results presentation also ensues some discussion of the plethora of conflicting definitions and hypotheses that frequently make the flow bench results much more difficult to interpret than they should be.
Development of the Steering System for a Formula SAE Prototype
Authors: Rigo Cristiano Shuji Shimada , Neto Antonio Dos Reis De Faria , Grandinetti Francisco Jose , Castro Thais Santos , Dias Erica Ximenes , Martins Marcelo Sampaio
Published: December 2024

The SAE Formula, a national stage of the international competition, consists of a student project at universities in Brazil that seeks to encourage engineering students to apply the theoretical knowledge obtained in the classroom to practice, dealing with real problems and difficulties in order to prepare them for the job market. The SAE Formula prototype is developed with the intention of competing in the SAE national competition, where teams from various universities in Brazil meet to compete and demonstrate the projects developed during the year. Focusing on the vehicle dynamics subsystem, which can be divided into the braking, suspension, and steering systems of a prototype, the steering system includes main mechanical components such as the front axle sleeves, wheel hub, steering arm, steering column, rack, wheel, and tire. All these components work together with the suspension systems, including suspension arms, “bell crank,” and spring/shock absorber assembly. These components are designed and sized together to ensure the car’s stability and performance in dynamic situations, allowing it to effectively transfer the power produced by the engine to the wheels. This work focused on the development of the steering system for the Unesp Racing team, founded in 2009, evaluating its dynamic behavior and the resistance of the components using 3D modeling with SpaceClaim (by Ansys) and Lotus Suspension Analysis software. The success of creating the new steering system for the prototype vehicle for the Formula SAE competition is highlighted, with the new model meeting the required parameters [4, 5].
Vehicle Dynamics Using Matlab Applied to a 4x4 Vehicle
Authors: Duque Gabriel Leonardo , Uchôa Lucas Etchells Riley , Lopes Elias Dias Rossi , Rodrigues Gustavo Simão
Published: December 2024

Terramechanics is a pivotal field for understanding the interaction between a vehicle’s tires and the terrain. Over time, numerous models have been developed to predict the performance of wheeled vehicles across different terrains. This study aims to employ Bekker’s model, which considers the deformable ground and the rigid tire, to simulate the motion of a 4x4 off road vehicle using the Matlab Vehicle Dynamics Blockset.

The methodology of this study involves the use of a MatLab Simulink blockset diagram in conjunction with Bekker’s theory to describe the tire’s interaction with the soil. This approach will enable us to obtain the vehicle’s longitudinal dynamics, including position and velocity.

The primary goal of this study is to juxtapose the simulated motion with the model provided by Matlab. This comparison will serve to validate Bekker’s theory. By achieving this, we aim to contribute to the body of knowledge in the field of terramechanics and enhance the predictive accuracy of vehicle performance models.
Impact of Replacing a 6-Speed Gearbox with a 5-Speed Gearbox on Vehicle Performance
Authors: Marinho Gabriel Jannuzzi , de Campos Josué Queiroz , Lopes Elias Dias Rossi , Rodrigues Gustavo Simão
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the effects of replacing a 6-speed gearbox with a 5-speed gearbox in a sports vehicle, while keeping all other parameters constant. Through computational simulations, data is collected for comparative performance analysis. The study aims to understand the potential implications of this change on acceleration, fuel efficiency, engine response, as well as aspects such as driver comfort. The results may provide valuable insights for the automotive industry, guiding future transmission design and engineering decisions.
Ethanol as a Decarbonization Solution for the Two-Wheel Segment
Authors: Pereira Thaynara K. E. , Lima Flavio , Uema Fabio K. , Sambuichi Eduardo M.
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study is to compare possible approaches that support the goal of achieving a carbon-neutral society in the mobility sector, with a specific focus on the two-wheel segment of the mobility sector. One of the key considerations in the mobility sector is the transition from a fossil fuel-based energy mix to a more renewable one. While there are numerous options available for achieving a carbon-neutral society in the four-wheel scenario, the two-wheel sector presents a different challenge due to a smaller number of available options. This study introduces a new comparison between full electric, gasoline, and ethanol-powered two-wheeled vehicles. It suggests that ethanol is a feasible solution for reducing carbon emissions in the two-wheel sector. The study includes an analysis of CO2 emissions for two-wheel vehicles using a life cycle approach, focusing on the technologies of full electric motorcycles, motorcycles with flex-fuel internal combustion engines running on gasoline, and motorcycles with flex-fuel internal combustion engines running on ethanol. The energy mix of a country, which serves as a reference for this study, directly impacts emissions from the mobility sector. Therefore, the analysis focuses on Brazil, China, and India, which represent significant markets in the two-wheel segment and are crucial for decarbonization efforts. The findings of the analysis indicate that motorcycles powered by ethanol can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 56% compared to gasoline-powered motorcycles and by 52%, 48%, and 37% compared to electric motorcycles in countries with emission-intensive energy sources such as China, India, and the United States, respectively. However, in countries with more renewable electricity sources, such as Brazil and France, full electric motorcycles showed slight advantages. The study also suggests that, based on the Brazilian experience with flex-fuel two-wheeled vehicles, replacing 60% of the current gasoline-powered fleet with ethanol-powered vehicles could lead to a reduction of around 34% of all emissions associated with the two-wheeler sector in China and India. The conclusions drawn from this study provide valuable insights for comparative discussions on the decarbonization of the two- and four-wheel segments. These insights can be instrumental in making strategic decisions and promoting the development of alternative sectoral solutions.
Large-Bore HFO Engine Gas Conversion for Power Plants – Part A: Numerical Assessment
Authors: Gonçalves Vinícius Fernandez , Zabeu Clayton Barcelos , Antolini Jácson , Salvador Roberto , Almeida Rogério , Valiati Allan Soares , Filho Guenther Carlos Krieger
Published: December 2024

In the global scenario marked by the increasing environmental awareness and the necessity on reducing pollutant emission to achieve the decarbonization goals, action plans are being proposed by policy makers to reduce the impact of the climate change, mainly affecting the sectors that most contribute to CO2 emissions such as transportation and power generation. In this sense, by virtue of the National Energy Plan 2050, the Brazilian market will undergo the decommissioning of thermal power plants fueled by diesel and heavy fuel oil (HFO) by 2030, compromising about 6.7 GW of power capacity according to the Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency (ANEEL) database. An alternative to the scrapping of these engine power plants is their conversion to operate with fuels with a lower carbon footprint, such as the natural gas. This work, therefore, aims to numerically assess the conversion feasibility of a HFO large bore four-stroke turbocharged engine to operate with natural gas by means of a one-dimensional engine modeling. First, the 1D non-converted engine model operating with HFO is validated with experimental data. Then, the conversion of the HFO engine to natural gas is carried out by adding a wastegate for the air-fuel ratio control, changing the compression ratio and the fuel injection, and introducing the pre-chamber ignition system. At this stage, the performance of the engine operating with most of its stock components is evaluated, including the presence of knock, fuel slip, and components that may not be suitable for NG operation and must be adapted, redesigned, or replaced. After that, modifications on the valve timings are proposed to reduce the methane slip and allows a proper scavenging. In conclusion, this study numerically assessed converting an HFO engine to natural gas, identifying new component specifications and presenting alternatives to maintain engine performance post-conversion.
Spol in nadljudje v ameriški znanstveni fantastiki
Authors: Šporčič Anamarija
Published: December 2024

Prispevek predstavlja zgoščen prikaz, kako so darvinistična geneza žanra superjunaške znanstvene fantastike ter ukoreninjenost binarnih spolnih upodobitev, patriarhalnih vzorcev in hierarhij zamaknili pojav transspolnih superjunakov v žanru, poleg tega pa predpostavi, da je prav izjemna rigidnost žanra in njegovih postulatov sčasoma omogočila subverzivne upodobitve superjunakov in superjunakinj, najprej v feminističnem in kasneje v transspolnem kontekstu. Znanstvena fantastika je tudi danes še vedno pogosto razumljena kot izrazito moški žanr, kar je še posebej očitno v podžanru zgodb o superjunakih, ki kot superiorne poveličujejo predvsem tradicionalno moške lastnosti. Kljub teoretično neomejenim in z družbenimi normami neobremenjenim možnostim žanra za raziskovanje, prevpraševanje in eksperimentiranje je skozi analizo zgodovine obravnave spola v znanstveni fantastiki razvidno, da le-ta pogosto odraža družbene trende iz časa nastanka literarnega dela, ali pa za njimi celo zaostaja. Zgodovinsko gledano so bile ženske v superjunaških zgodbah marginalizirane, prikazane predvsem kot spremljevalke ali spolni objekti, redko pa so imele enake moči ali vloge kot moški superjunaki. Zgodnji ženski liki v znanstveni fantastiki so bili predstavljeni predvsem kot grožnja ali predmet poželenja. Ženske superjunakinje so se pojavile počasi in pogosto skozi moško perspektivo, kar je utrjevalo patriarhalne norme. V šestdesetih in sedemdesetih letih vzpon feministične znanstvene fantastike prinese prve bolj radikalne reinterpretacije spola, od devetdesetih let naprej pa sodobni trendi kažejo na večjo raznolikost in vključenost raznovrstnih, tudi transspolnih, likov. Kratki predstavitvi obstoječih transspolnih superjunakov ter njihovih prednosti in slabosti sledi analiza mladinskega romana Dreadnought (2017) avtorice April Daniels, ki predstavlja reprezentativen primer ubesedenja transspolne izkušnje s pomočjo subverzije superjunaškega arhetipa.
How to Speak Like a Brontëan Byronic Hero
Authors: Zajc Petra , Kavalir Monika
Published: December 2024

The paper uses corpus analysis as the empirical basis for aiding in / complementing the characterisation of the Brontës’ best-known Byronic Heroes – Charlotte Brontë’s Mr. Rochester from Jane Eyre, and Emily Brontë’s Heathcliff from Wuthering Heights. The primary aim of the paper is to determine how Mr. Rochester’s and Heathcliff’s speech reflect their Byronic personalities, exploring both the parallels that can be drawn between them and what makes them distinctly different. The corpus analysis is based on the corpora of character speech, and the Sketch Engine corpus tool is used to process the data and perform detailed analyses such as n-grams, which identify common sequences of words, and word frequencies, which highlight the most frequently used words by each character. Additionally, keywords and multi-word expressions are examined to uncover unique and defining linguistic patterns. The results are first interpreted and discussed separately for each character, highlighting their individual linguistic features and unique attributes. Following this, a comparative analysis is conducted to identify the similarities and differences between the two characters based on the corpus data. The discussed features show that Heathcliff’s speech reflects his feelings of inadequacy, brutality, competition and obsession with other people, while it is evident in the case of Mr Rochester that he is undyingly devoted to the woman he loves, while also being tortured by his past. Each of these analytical methods exposes interesting differences in their speech, illustrating how both Mr. Rochester and Heathcliff embody the dark and brooding traits of Byronic Heroes in distinct ways, offering fresh insights into the enduring legacy of these characters.
Tourism Development in the Context of the Real Estate Business
Authors: Raspor Andrej , Lacmanović Darko
Published: December 2024

The paper explores the relationship between tourism and real estate, particularly in the last three decades, focusing on the social interests of local and national communities. The concept of "residential tourism" is debated, with no consensus on whether it qualifies as tourism or its effects on tourism development. The study aims to intensify discussions on this relationship and its impact on the development of tourist destinations. It also investigates whether current tourism investments align with sustainable development goals, using the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals as a framework, supported by a literature review and discussion.
Harnessing seaweed farming for climate mitigation in South Korea: evaluating carbon dioxide removal potential and future research directions
Authors: Kim Kwang Young
Published: December 2024

Seaweed farming is emerging as a scalable and effective carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategy, offering direct sequestration benefits through carbon uptake pathways and indirect climate advantages by substituting carbon-intensive products. This paper evaluates the potential of seaweed farming within the context of South Korea, leveraging its advanced aquaculture infrastructure, extensive coastal resources, and supportive policy frameworks. By synthesizing current literature, this study examines key sequestration mechanisms, including biomass storage, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) release, and particulate organic carbon (POC) burial, while addressing uncertainties such as the stability of recalcitrant DOC and the efficiency of POC burial under site-specific conditions. The analysis highlights South Korea’s unique strengths, such as its established seaweed farming industry and innovative technological developments, alongside challenges like ecological trade-offs, nutrient competition, and the absence of robust monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) systems. The paper identifies opportunities to scale offshore farming, adopt integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, and enhance lifecycle climate benefits through product innovation and renewable energy integration. To guide future research and policy, the paper outlines critical gaps, including the need for precise quantification of long-term carbon sequestration pathways, development of MRV frameworks, and exploration of socio-economic impacts. By addressing these gaps, seaweed farming can become a central pillar of South Korea’s climate mitigation strategy, providing valuable insights for other regions seeking to integrate marine-based solutions into global CDR efforts.
Insights into plankton communities in a Margalefidinium polykrikoides (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) bloom and adjacent non-bloom waters
Authors: Yang Hyun Jun , Kim Yun Hee , Seo Hye Jin , Lee Moo Joon , Jang Se Hyeon
Published: December 2024

During August 2022, a persistent harmful algal bloom (HAB) caused by the dinoflagellate Margalefidinium polykrikoides (aka Cochlodinium polykrikoides) occurred in the coastal waters of Yeosu, South Korea. This study aimed to char acterize the bloom by comparing planktonic communities between a high-intensity-bloom site (H-BS) and a nearby non-bloom site (N-BS) and identify the associated M. polykrikoides strain. Metazoan abundance and species richness were notably higher at H-BS, suggesting that metazoans like copepods and cladocerans may act as predators or exhibit greater resilience to bloom-induced stress. Conversely, protist species richness was greater at N-BS, indicating that M. polykrikoides may inhibit other protists through allelopathy and / or outcompete them through resource competition. Distinct community structures at H-BS and N-BS suggest a complex interplay of competition, predation, and parasitism driving bloom dynamics. A phylogenetic analysis showed that the bloom-causing strain of M. polykrikoides belonged to a major clade of the East Asian ribotype, indicating that the bloom’s outbreak was likely originated from shared regional waters rather than the intrusion of ocean currents. In conclusion, understanding the interactions between M. polykrikoi des and co-occurring planktonic species is crucial for predicting and managing future HABs in coastal ecosystems. This study further highlights the complex ecological processes underpinning M. polykrikoides bloom dynamics by simultane ously examining the roles of both protist and metazoan communities.