bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On Some Aspects of Linguistic Economy in English Academic Discourse
Authors: Chubaryan Astghik , Karapetyan Ruzan
Published: January 2021

The principle of language economy which is an integral part of speech-making is expressed at all levels of a language and is, in fact, the power which regulates the interrelations of various internal and external factors that have a direct or indirect influence on the development of the language system. The natural demand of the language of science is to transfer as much information as possible with the fewest possible linguistic means.  This, in turn, is conditioned by the impact of a number of linguistic and extralinguistic factors, including the firm and logical structure of mind, brevity, information load, economy of time and space, etc. The analysis aims to find out how and to what extent the principle of language economy is manifested in scientific prose from the perspective of the syntactic, semantic and functional peculiarities of the text.
Polysemy in Context
Authors: Movsisyan Diana
Published: January 2021

The current article studies the contextual manifestation of polysemy, the influence of the context on the formation and perception of the meaning of the word. The word light in the short story The Apple Tree by John Goldsworthy has been analyzed to demonstrate the possible semantic shades it can obtain in the context.
On Psychological, Semantic and Structural Aspects of English Colour Terms
Authors: Avakyan Naira , Nersissyan Naira
Published: January 2021

Colour symbolism plays a great role in art, religious rituals and everyday life. Colour names can be encountered in phraseological units which are based on the semantic and psychological perceptions typical of a given nation and culture. They reflect the semantic, grammatical, lexicological and psychological peculiarities specific to a given language. The article discusses certain psychological, semantic and structural aspects of phraseological units with colour names.
On Some Effects of Communication Barriers on the Quality of Candidate Performance and Examiner Judgements
Authors: Bekaryan Lilit , Gyulazyan Irena
Published: January 2021

The  article centers on the communication barriers which can hinder the process of the interview during international examination tests and affect the quality of the candidate performance and examiner judgments. The investigation reveals that communication barriers are caused by a number of factors including the interference of the native tongue, linguocultural peculiarities of the candidates, misunderstandings in the process of the exam, low level of language competence.
Pragmatic Aspects of Derivatives Functioning in Fiction
Authors: Minasyan Alla
Published: January 2021

The characteristics of the formation of derivatives, the compound nature of their structure provide ample opportunities for the realization of its purposes. Various transformations can take place inside derivates – dissolution of constituents and re-arrangement, fusions, use of a morpheme as an independent word, violation of the standards of the combinability of morphemes, repetition of the morphemes in derivatives, etc. These transformations take place in linguistic units that create word-forming stylistic devices beyond their traditional area of application.
Lexical Causatives in Modern English: On Classification of “Kill–Verbs”
Authors: Khachatryan Robert
Published: January 2021

The article aims to suggest a new classification of modern English causative verbs, namely those meaning “to kill”. The author suggests classifying these verbs according to three features – with reference to some instrument/tool (pointing to the use of a tool in the definition), with reference to some cause (pointing to the cause of the murder) and with reference to the manner (pointing to the way the murder was performed).
The Cooperative Learning Method in Teaching EFL to Armenian Students
Authors: Markaryan Arus , Avakyan Naira
Published: January 2021

The article addresses certain advantages and drawbacks of the cooperative learning method, as well as the skills obtained by learners through the application of this method. Due to a number of features, the method may especially be of great use for developing communication skills in a foreign language. The authors of the article suggest certain types of revision of the material, homework checking and topic discussion that might be of interest and help for learners.
The Problem of Mutual Understanding across Regional Varieties of English
Authors: Sargsyan Mariana
Published: January 2021

Recently, linguists have been concerned about the fact that the regional varieties of English are gradually drifting apart from each other. There will come a time when English speakers will have to turn to translators for making communication over everyday topics possible. The article aims to illustrate certain peculiarities observed in the word stock of the regional varieties of English in terms of the development of word meaning. The analysis of the factual material reveals that they are largely conditioned by the certain culture belonging of the given nation.
Whimperatives across English, Armenian and Russian Cultures
Authors: Madoyan Lusine
Published: January 2021

Whimperatives express an order or a request. However, they also possess syntactic peculiarities of direct or indirect polite questions. The present article aims to investigate this type of imperative sentences and their illocutionary function in modern English, Armenian and Russian. An attempt has been made to introduce the brief summary of this unique linguistic structure and, through parallels between these languages, find out how this structure is translated and applied in various cultures.
On the Proverbial Conceptualization of the World
Authors: Baghdasaryan Hasmik
Published: January 2021

The proverbial concept of the world has its unique place in the linguistic picture of the world. It is perceived as an unusual way of secondary conceptualization of the reflected reality expressed by proverbs and sayings that are characterized by binary reference. The first one is based on the material-perceptual cognition of the objective reality, whereas the second one is the result of human associative-symbolic thinking. Proverbs and sayings can be viewed as a form of worldview and world perception or as G. Gachev notes, they are the artistic logic and the mental “design” of a nation. Thus, proverbial meaning is anthropocentric, since it reflects the basic characteristics of human essence and human activity, but at the same time it is ethnocentric, in so far as it reflects the characteristic features of the given ethnos creating a certain type of culture, a certain national picture of the world. In the proverb stock of each language the general and national are harmoniously intertwined.
The Peculiarities of Chronotope in Don DeLillo’s Novel “Falling Man”
Authors: Asatryan Ella
Published: January 2021

The article analyses the Falling Man by famous American writer Don DeLillo. The novel reflects the American society after the terrorist act 9/11 in 2001 not excluding the possibility of the repetition of the tragic event in any other place at any other time. The 9/11 divided the world into two parts – Before 9/11 and After 9/11. The novel rests on this division and makes it possible to consider the qualitative changes between the notions of time and space and confirms the unity of all time and space dimensions.
The Characteristic Features of the Academic Fiction Genre
Authors: Poghosyan Syuzanna
Published: January 2021

The introduction of the English-American Academic Fiction Genre in the 20th and 21st centuries was a striking event in the world of literature. The genre was born in 1952 by two pieces of work published simultaneously – “The Groves of Academe” by Mary McCartney and “Lucky Jim” by K. Amis. Numerous talented authors followed the two ones, among them Malcolm Bradbury (1932-2000), Phillip Rote (1933), Alison Laurie (1926), John Maxwell Coetzee (1940) and Francine Prose (1947). The novels of this genre depict a whole chain of events where student-lecturer-family relationships are reflected. Academic Fiction Genre already has established and unique features. Each novel provides a detailed description of the academic setting where the main events unfold. Initially, light mockery was typical of this genre which, along with the gradual disappointment of the authors, developed into bitter and deep irony and later into tragedy. The climax of the novel is either a ball or an evening party where the main problems of the novel are highlighted and where the possible solutions to these problems are delicately mentioned. The present article discusses the introduction of the Academic Fiction Genre which has become one of the meaningful events in modern literature since it provides an opportunity to look at the inter-relations between an individual and the society and evaluate the genre peculiarities from a new perspective.
The Third-Generation Armenian American Writers Echo the Quest for Self-Identity with the Genocide at Its Core
Authors: Peroomian Rubina
Published: January 2021

The article presents the strife of numerous American writers of Armenian origin to identify their roots by literary portrayal of the tragic fate of the survivors of the Armenian Genocide. These stories, which are written in English, bear the cultural, religious, social-political impact that are typical of already the third generation of the Genocide survivors. However, all of them are based on the great tragedy of the Armenian Genocide and its continual refusal.
English as Lingua Franca
Authors: Gasparyan Seda
Published: January 2021

The article highlights English as Lingua Franca and emphasizes the importance of teaching Language for Special Purposes (LSP). The content of the notion “lingua-franca” is analysed on the basis of a number of linguistic works devoted to the English language status. English as Lingua Franca refers to the use of English as a medium of communication between speakers of different languages. Nowadays, contacts between people with different cultural backgrounds are becoming more frequent and much closer. Highly developed skills in intercultural communication have a significant bearing on the quality of relationships between people of various nationalities and cultures. In recent years ELF has been studied by many linguists interested in how its pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar are different from other varieties of English. ELF has now established itself as a major and expanding field of academic research. Its interconnections with teaching and other disciplines are being currently discussed, acknowledged and investigated.
‘Disguised $I$’: Generalization vs Individualization
Authors: Tonyan Marika
Published: January 2021

Whether one is an indefinite pronoun, which denotes no person in particular, or a generic one often synonymous to I, is a long-standing issue in semantics. In the article we present evidence in favour of one’s generic nature, and argue that the pronouns one and I, despite being referentially identical, have denotational characteristics of their own, and therefore function in different ways. The pronoun I, which is characterized by the highest level of semiotic individualization, is the basic lexical unit employed to denote the speaker, but it is by no means the only one. In all languages there are numerous ways of referring to the addresser of the message, including the employment of lexical units with generic reference. In the present paper we are going to discuss the use of one instead of I, in which the former operates as a ‘disguised I’, particularly in the speech of people holding a high position. This function of one used to be sociolinguistically marked, but in the present-day society with its emphasis on egalitarianism and political correctness, in most cases, the speaker’s choice of one is explained by his wish to sound more formal rather than more socially distinguished. However, the semantic features of this pronoun, as will be shown in the article, account for such linguistic interaction in which the use of one signalizes the existence of a certain distance between the interlocutors.
On Some Stylistic Peculiarities of Science Fiction
Authors: Muradian Gaiane
Published: January 2021

In examining SF it is essential to begin with the specifically stylistic dimension of it. Style is widely taken to be a privileged category in the analysis of any literary kind, a kind of touchstone of the literary itself and it is especially relevant to the study of SF – a modern, non-traditional language phenomenon. Viewed in the light of this attitude and the belief underlying this stance, it should be mentioned that SF style, conditioned by the ontological juxtaposition of factitiousness and fictitiousness, implies plentiful use of “real” and invented technical terms, a host of invented present or future scientific jargon, a whole series of neologisms and coinages, fantastic literalized or non-literalized metaphors, and many other linguistic and stylistic means. My assertion will be that science fictional style is largely self-contained as certain stylistic means tend to occur in no other discourse or genre.
Pragmastylistic Features of Characters’ Speech in the Text of Fiction
Authors: Sargsyan Mariana , Hakobyan Gayane
Published: January 2021

Largely speaking, the present paper seeks to substantiate the role of the pragmastylistic analysis as a crucial tool for the study of relations between various levels of literary texts and to illustrate how the pragmatic and stylistic dimensions in the study of the literary texts can become an efficient extension to the traditional analytical toolkit. Our major objective is to expose the role of the character’s speech in the work of fiction, meanwhile observing those pragmastylistic resources employed by the author which contribute to the formation of the pragmatic meaning of the text and support the pragmatic impact on the reader.
A Metaphoric Nexus of Terms in Neuroanatomy
Authors: Petrosyan Alina
Published: January 2021

This article offers an overview on the usage of technological metaphors in medicine, and in Neuroanatomy in particular. Exploring major technological metaphors surrounding human brain and nervous system, the paper aims at illustrating the cognitive functions these metaphors have in communicating clinical phenomena and pathologies. The neuroanatomical section in the “Gray’s Anatomy” – the clinical Bible of medicine – has served a major reference point for the analysis of metaphors.
Descriptive Language and Idiomatic Phrases in P.G. Wodehouse’s Novels
Authors: Martirosyan Armenuhi
Published: January 2021

This article is devoted to the study of descriptive language and idiomatic phrases used in P.G. Wodehouse’s novels. Here we try to show what really attracts the reader: the plot or the style? Wodehouse skilfully juxtaposes high and low styles. Through different styles, stylistic devices, idiomatic phrases, deformation of idioms Wodehouse creates a completely new specific style which really singles him out among other humorists.
Simile as an Indispensable Element of Expressiveness
Authors: Dalalyan Manana , Mkrtchyan Hasmik
Published: January 2021

Every piece of fiction is a piece of poetic accessory. Poetic language is conditioned by the unification of incompatible notions, implicitness and covertness to make the language of fiction attractive. The means of language spicing may vary. The variety of means may depend on different factors such as gender, age, linguo-cultural identity, national characteristics, special preference of tropes and figures of speech, which may lead to the identification of the individual style of the author. Text is a unity of reality, concepts and meanings which are to be essentially decoded by the reader. Every writer explores the world differently, touches different problems from different angles and definitely has a special preference to a set of particular stylistic means to express himself/herself. The means making the author’s works mostly recognizable can be a set of simile, metaphor, hyperbole, personification, stylistic inversions, etc.
Communicative-Semantic Peculiarities of Tautological Constructions in the Present Indefinite Tense
Authors: Chubaryan Astghik , Mesropyan Artur
Published: January 2021

Tautological constructions are widely used in written and oral speech and are expressed in different tenses. Tautologies used in the Present Indefinite tense have their semantic and communicative peculiarities. They outnumber those used in other tenses and are applied to convey different communicative and semantic purport. These meanings largely depend on textual and cultural context, number of the noun, definite and indefinite articles, other interlinguistic and extralinguistic factors. These tautologies may be divided into several groups: those of Tolerance, Obligation, and Tautologies that see through superficial differences. The paper reveals how far the grammatical structure is determined by discourse structure and the speaker’s/writer’s communicative intention.
On Some Culture-Specific Issues of TEFL in Armenia
Authors: Paronyan Shushanik
Published: January 2021

The present article focuses on the cultural aspect of globalization in Armenian higher education system which has come to the fore recently within the framework of the unifying European academic field. Bearing in mind that education is part of culture, some effective ways of adapting teacher-centered educational strategy to Armenian academic network are discussed. Using the cultural dimensions model proposed by G. Hofstede, I make an assumption that certain attitudes and behaviour types characteristic of educational strategies implemented in Armenia recently should be acculturized.
Teaching Situational Grammar Items Effectively
Authors: Baghdasaryan Susanna
Published: January 2021

Traditional Foreign language curricula at Armenian schools have mainly focused on the grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation of the target language. The disparity between the gained knowledge of a foreign language and university classes aimed at enhancing communicative English in different situations, confuses our students. Knowing a lot of grammar but being unable to use their knowledge for any practical communicative purposes seems difficult for them. Thus, the paper argues that situational grammar items have become an integral feature of the language. At the same time the issue centers on those situational grammar items of English, Armenian learners need most.
The Problem of Social Interactions in Distance Language Learning
Authors: Arakelyan Tsovinar
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this article is to highlight the problem of the lack of social interactions in the distance language learning context and to suggest optimal solutions towards the development of social presence in virtual learning environment. Specifically, five main points figure prominently in the model of interaction development: implementation of parter-feedback system, collaborative preparation for online lessons, incorporation of video-recorded exercises in the course content, creation of students' profiles and facing different cultural and linguistic dimensions.
Interpretation of Emotions as a Key to Understanding Cultures
Authors: Matevosyan Lianna
Published: January 2021

Non-native speakers of a language cannot decode emotionally conditioned meanings of stationary sentences without background knowledge. The interpretation of semantically independent expressions cannot be separated from culture. The discovery of universal emotions and the description of words and expressions related to the latter is a key to understanding cultures and societies.
Cross-Cultural Hindrances and Ways of Overcoming Them in the Process of Communication
Authors: Harutyunyan Narine
Published: January 2021

The present study aims to explore the factors that hinder the realization of cross-cultural communication. It is culture that defines the participants of communication, the choice of topics and communication strategies, the context, the way and conditions of transmitting messages, the method of encoding and decoding information, the set of communicative steps, and so on. In the process of the contact of cultures the national-specific peculiarities, unperceived during intracultural communication, become apparent. During cross-cultural contacts a clash of two worldviews talces place. In this article we make an attempt to consider the mechanisms of transformation of the vision of the world in the process of cross-cultural communication, using two contacting linguocultures as an example.
Allusions in Kipling's "Just So Stories" and Their Armenian Interpretations
Authors: Gabrielyan Seda
Published: January 2021

Kipling's stories, often referred to as 'a great chronicle of primal fables' (Green 1971), are very expressive due to the unique style of the author. Among various stylistic devices and expressive means, allusions used in the stories are of great interest from the point of view of analysis of both source and target texts. The point is that almost all the allusions are indirect and are engaged in a unique language play. This technique, obviously, poses difficulties for transferring the text from one language to another.The article is devoted to the investigation of allusions and their interpretations in three of Kipling's "Just So Stories", namely "How the Whale Got His Throat", "How the Leopard Got His Spots" and "The Crab that Played with the Sea".
Coping With Canon/Canons: Women Poets and the Literary Context
Authors: Nikčević-Batrićević Aleksandra , Đurić Miloš D.
Published: January 2021

The aim of this paper is to revisit literary canon, focusing on some of the most relevant texts and books that have been published within the corpus of Anglo-American studies. Then our attention is shifted to the works of American women authors and their views on the literary canon. Different generations of Montenegrin women poets and their reflections on their status in the literary canon, as well as on the advantages of applying feminist literary theory and criticism in improving their position in the aforementioned literary tradition have also been discussed.
The Armenian Genocide: The International Political Boomerang of the Crime
Authors: Manasyan Alexander
Published: January 2021

The Yeghern – Genocide of Armenians in their homeland – has relatively recently become an object of political debate after decades-long silence. The already revealed facts of the universal evil, concepts and definitions shaping the public perception, among them the widely held and publicized formula of “The Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman Empire in 1915-1923” which does not correspond to the factual and political content of this crime against humanity, await new interpretation. To this day the Genocide of the Armenians of Eastern Transcaucasia remains outside the Turkish crime. Consequences of the international political implications of Yeghern, as well as the irresponsibility of world powers as the main guarantors of international security, have not been adequately evaluated, and this is sure to lead to the establishment of new genocidogenic states and the legalization of criminal behaviour.
The Theory of Frame in Rejecting the Rejectionists’ Position on the Armenian Genocide
Authors: Gasparyan Seda
Published: January 2021

The focus of the present article is the fabricated nature of some rejectionists’ interpretations of the Armenian Genocide brought out by the theory of frame – a reliable instrument widely applicable in cognitive linguistics. Referring to the information accumulated and stored in the memory of humanity and actually reflected in different dictionaries, literary works, official correspondence and documents, the author draws the readers’ attention to the background significance of the concepts Armenian and Turk in the cognizance and evaluation of the genocidal events in Western Armenia at the beginning of the 20th century.
The 1915 Mets Yeghern (Genocide) of Armenians: History and Contemporary Problems
Authors: Melkonyan Ashot
Published: January 2021

The present article aims at discussing some facts from the history of the Annenian Genocide – the most horrendous act of extenninating a race from its Motherland. The discussion of the historical facts presented below spreads light on the actual reasons of the Armenian Genocide and its pre-planned nature which has so far been and is still being officially rejected by the Turkish authorities of today. An attempt is also made to reveal the essence of the fraudulent offer of the official Turkey to leave the discussion of the question to historians.
Concerning the Identity of the Generations of Islamized Hamshen Armenians
Authors: Sahakyan Lusine
Published: January 2021

The article considers the consequences of the policy of forced lslamization-Turkification in the Ottoman Empire, particularly, the problem of the present-day Hamshenians’ self-identification. The policy of Islamization conducted by the Ottoman government is characterized as a variety of genocide.
Linguistic Peculiarities of G. Bush’s and B. Obama’s Speeches on the Armenian Genocide
Authors: Tchaparian Vicky
Published: January 2021

The present article aims to reveal the peculiarities of the language units chosen and stringed together in the speeches on the Armenian Genocide made by George Bush and Barak Obama before and after their presidency. An attempt is made to reveal the functional and linguostylistic peculiarities that condition the ideological aspect of George Bush’s and Barack Obama’s speeches. Words, word combinations, syntagms that are part of the whole linguistic system are studied as means of realization of a certain ideological function.
Concerning the Program of Understanding a Literary Text
Authors: Gasparyan Seda
Published: January 2021

Text is a broad notion. It may be expressed both in writing and orally in the form of a monologue, dialogue, utterance, etc. This may well be the reason for the persistent interest towards text as such. The great variety of studies on the nature of text and its objectives, however, are all somewhat controversial and lack a unified conceptual approach. Things get even more complicated due to the fact that now into scientific circulation has been introduced the notion of discourse, and evidently of considerable popularity in the current stage of the development of linguistics is the relationship between text and discourse.

The present article focuses on the study of the correlation of text and discourse, views literary text as a unit of specific communication between the writer and the reader, as well as centers the attention on the consecutive stages of literary text perception and understanding.
A Methodological Mechanism for Applying the Hermeneutical Approach
Authors: Gasparyan Seda
Published: January 2021

The present paper deals with one of the intricate problems of philology – the question of reading and understanding a work of verbal creativity. The paper aims at emphasizing the methodological value of the hermeneutical approach to the study of literature which comes into being due to the presence of three basic components: imagination, language as a code between the writer and the reader, and the expected ability of the reader to share the author’s emotions and thoughts. Proceeding from the basic statements of hermeneutics and Schleiermacher’s theory of hermeneutical circle in particular, as well as considering the results of our former investigations we come to the conclusion that understanding verbal art is a complex process which is achieved step by step. To provide a reliable mechanism for the application of the hermeneutical approach the investigator has to take the following steps: 1) reveal the correlation of language and speech with the help of the linguostylistic method of analysis; 2) understand the aesthetic value of the work built up due to the complex relationship of the linguistic elements and the poetics of the work, which is brought out by the linguopoetic method of analysis; 3) come up to the metametasemiotic level of analysis which, in fact, belongs to the sphere of literature studies and helps reveal the intention of the author and the idea of the work.
On Translational “Lacunas” in the English Translation of “The History of Armenia” by Movses Khorenatsi
Authors: Gasparyan Seda , Gasparyan Luiza
Published: January 2021

The paper deals with the study of the English translation of The History of Armenia by Movses Khorenatsi and aims at revealing the inadequate cases of translation which are, as a rule described as translational “lacunas”. The investigation shows that translational “lacunas” can be observed on different levels of the target text: lexical-phrasiological, morphological, syntactic and stylistic. Some inadequate transformations may also result in the violation of toponymic elements. Some of these violations can be accounted for not by possibly objective reasons but by the translator’s intent.
PENGARUH PARIWISATA TERHADAP PENDAPATAN DAN TINGKAT KESEJAHTERAAN PELAKU USAHA KECIL DI KAWASAN PANTAI
Authors: Setianingrum Atik , . Isharijadi , Sulistyowati Nur Wahyuning
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Pariwisata Terhadap Pendapatan Dan Tingkat Kesejahteraan Pelaku Usaha Kecil Di Kawasan Wisata Pantai Kecamatan Ngadirojo Kabupaten Pacitan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Data penelitian ini diperoleh dari kuesioner (Primer) yang dibagikan kepada pelaku usaha di kawasan wisata pantai Kecamatan Ngadirojo Kabupaten Pacitan. Populasi penelitian ini adalah sebagaian pelaku usaha kecil di kawasan pantai yaitu pantai taman, pantai soge, pantai puring dan pantai tawang. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik probability sampling sebab tidak memandang strata atau status sosial dari segi apapun.  Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh populasi karena jumlah populasi relatif kecil sebanyak 60 responden. Kemudian data diolah menggunakan statistik deskriptif,  uji validasi, uji reliabilitas, R Square, Uji T atau uji hipotesis). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pariwisata terhadap pendapatan adalah positif dan signifikan. Nilai original sample sebesar 0,658 hal tersebut berarti arah hubungan antara pariwisata terhadap tingkat kesejahteraan adalah positif.
FACTORS AFFECTING ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS AMONG COLLEGE STUDENT
Authors: Lewaru Trisna Sary
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT

This study aims to analyze the factors that influence entrepreneurial intentions among college student. The five independent variables was used include need for achievement, locus of control, self-efficacy, instrumental readiness, entrepreneurship experience. Sample in this research is students on Pattimura University totaling 160 people. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to measure this study. The results of this study indicate that need for achievement, locus of control, entrepreneurship experience have no effect on the intentions of entrepreneurial among students. Whereas instrumental readiness and self-efficacy variable has positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial intention between students of Pattimura University.

Keywords : Entrepreneurship, Intentions
ASB ANALISIS STANDAR BELANJA UNTUK PENYUSUNAN RKA-APBD KEGIATAN PENYELENGGARAAN RAPAT
Authors: Trisilia Meilinda
Published: January 2021

The preparation and management of regional budgets are required to be more realistic and transparent. In the digital era, through e-government programs, it is expected to increase transparency, control, and accountability of government administration in order to implement Good Governance in kkn-free government. The preparation of ASB will help local financial management to be more transparent, fair, accountable and the efficiency of local government budgets can be achieved. The preparation of this ASB aims to establish an ASB model of Meeting activities within the Office and outside the Office that is used to assess the fairness of the workload and cost of such activities. This research uses descriptive research and in data analysis using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. This research produces a viable ASB model so that it can be used as a pagu (reference) in arranging meeting budgets inside and outside lumajang regency government offices.
THE CHALLENGES OF TEACHING EFL FOR ADULT LEARNERS: ONLINE LEARNING DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Assapari M Mugni
Published: January 2021

This study was conducted to determine the challenges of teaching EFL for adult learners online learning in UIN Mataram during the covid-19 pandemic. This study used a qualitative method. Data collection instruments are questionnaires and interviews. The findings of this study show that there are challenges for lecturers in teaching EFL for adult learners. In conclusion, this paper has shown so many responses about the challenges experienced by the lecturer, and students while studying online, such as; the positive and negative impact of online learning.
INTRINSIC ELEMENTS ANALYSIS OF THE MOVIE SCOTT PILGRIM VS. THE WORLD
Authors: Umboro Priyo Danu
Published: January 2021

This study aims to find out the intrinsic elements used in the movie Scott Pilgrim vs. The World and to determine how intrinsic elements relate to each other in the movie. This study used a qualitative method in researching which data are taken from utterances, dialogues, and narrations in the form of screenshots of the movie. This study found the movie Scott Pilgrim vs. The World used the plot, settings, characters, and theme as intrinsic elements. This study also found the intrinsic elements related to each other by the plot changes when a character was introduced. A new character when the setting of the place changed and the plot determined the theme of the movie.
A MAN IN THE COURT: EXPLORING THE THEME OF JUSTICE IN AND THEN THERE WERE NONE
Authors: Sistiadinita Sistiadinita
Published: January 2021

Having to interact with crime fiction which presumably is considered as ephemeral literature, cannot be an excuse to dissolve the theme of justice inside the plots. Agatha Christie as the Mistress of Complication and Mystery, has written series of murder and mystery fiction since the beginning of twentieth century. And Then There Were None or entitled Ten Little Niggers, one of her masterpieces depicts Christie’s unique disposition of turning perception from ‘detective as criminal solver’ into ‘murderer as justice protector’. This paper seeks to analyze how justice is portrayed and challenged by looking at the characters created by Christie as well as making a more thorough analysis of the symbols and dialogues. The result of this paper portrays that the idea of justice, just like human beings, can be flawed or misinterpreted even by the so- called a man in the court.
Energy Sources in Neonatal Surgery: Principles and Practice
Authors: Sinha Shandip K , Dhua Anjan
Published: January 2021

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Endotracheal Intubation in a Neonate with Esophageal Atresia and Trachea-Esophageal Fistula: Pitfalls and Techniques
Authors: Taneja Bharti , Saxena Kirti N
Published: January 2021

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Extra Hepatic Biliary Atresia associated with Choledochal Cyst: A Challenging Neonatal Obstructive Jaundice
Authors: Fatahi Nasrin , Mohammadipoor Ahmad , Malekmarzban Azin
Published: January 2021

Biliary atresia and choledochal cyst have the similar clinical presentation in infants. Herein, we report a case that presented with prolonged hyperbilirubinemia and abdominal distension and diagnosed as choledochal cyst. At surgery, in addition to a large choledochal cyst, biliary atresia was also encountered.
Colonic Atresia due to Internal Herniation through the Falciform Ligament Defect: A Case Report
Authors: Soni Varsha , VALSE PRAKASH D. , Vyas Sameer
Published: January 2021

Colonic atresia is the rarest outcome of all gastrointestinal type of internal hernia. We report a case of neonate with atresia of the transverse colon caused by herniation of the transverse colon through a defect in falciform-ligament.
An Epigastric Heteropagus Twin with Ruptured Giant Omphalocele
Authors: Dar Sajid Hameed , Liaqat Naeem , Iqbal Javaid , Latif Tariq , Iqbal Asif
Published: January 2021

We present a case of heteropagus twins attached to the epigastric region. The neonate also had ruptured giant omphalocoele with most of gut and liver lying outside the abdominal cavity. Patient had uneventful surgery for separation of twins and repair of ruptured omphalocoele.
Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Salati Sajad Ahmad
Published: January 2021

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Cycle Stability of Dual-Phase Lithium Titanate (LTO)/TiO2 Nanowires as Lithium Battery Anode
Authors: He Yillin Fan , Chu Dongzhi Yang , Zhuo Zhensheng
Published: January 2021

This work studied cycle stability of dual-phase lithium titanate (LTO)/TiO2 nanowires as a lithium battery anode. Dual-phase LTO/TiO2 nanowires were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method at various times lithiation of 10, 24, and 48 h at 80 °C. SEM images show that the morphology of dual-phase LTO/TiO2 is nanowires with a size around 100-200 nm in diameter. The XRD analysis result indicates nanowires main components are anatase (TiO2) and spinel Li4Ti5O12. The first discharge specific capacity of LTO/TiO2-10, LTO/TiO2-24, and LTO/TiO2-48 was 181.68, 175.29, and 154.30 mAh/g, respectively. After the rate capacity testing, the LTO/TiO2-10, LTO/TiO2-24, and LTO/TiO2-48 have been maintained at 161.25, 165.25, and 152.53 mAh/g separately. The retentions for each sample were 86.71, 92.86, and 89.79 %. Based on the results of electrochemical performance, increased LTO content helped increase samples cycle stability. However, the prolonged lithiation time also produced impurities, which reduced the cycle stability.
Stressed Out Schools: Correlations Between Stress Coping Strategies and Communities Among Youth in Seattle and Surrounding Regions
Authors: Kemp Nithya
Published: January 2021

Researchers have observed differences in stress levels, and coping abilities and mechanisms based on the community being studied. This paper reports on the impact of extracurricular activities and student communities on stress and coping for youth in the Seattle area. Various self-reports, distributed through school health teachers, were used to gain information on students' stress levels, coping mechanisms, and coping ability. Results indicate that general categorizations of communities and activities (music, sports, etc.) did not demonstrate a significant correlation with students' stress or coping levels. Correlations between stress and coping were found, as were correlations between stress and coping and the number of communities/activities that students were involved in. Results provide insight into how students' activity loads impact their stress and coping levels more than the specific activities they are involved in and open the door to further research in the field.
PERUBAHAN MODEL DAN KARAKTERISTIK PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Firdaus Arista Aulia
Published: January 2021

Abstrak

Pandemi COVID-19 telah merubah model dan karakteristik pembelajaran pendidikan Agama Islam yang berlangsung selama ini. Masa depan pendidikan Agama Islam, mengalami perubahan sehingga dikhawatirkan akan mengalami kemunduran dalam pendidikannya. Kebijakan Work From Home (WFH), social and physical distancing, proses Kegiatan Belajar Mengajar (KBM) menggunakan sistem daring (online) turut meramaikan dinamika pendidikan Agama Islam. Hal ini sesuai dengan penerbitan SKB (surat keputusan bersama) empat menteri tentang penyelenggaran pembelajaran di awal tahun pelajaran 2020/2021, dan Surat Keputusan Dirjen Pendis Nomor 2791 Tahun 2020 tentang panduan kurikulum darurat bagi madrasah untuk mendukung pembelajaran di tengah pandemi Covid-19 menjadi bukti untuk itu. Keputusan kementerian di atas mengindikasikan bahwa sudah waktunya reorientasi dan peran pendidikan Islam mulai mengakselerasi format pembelajarannya. Pengadaptasian semacam ini merupakan sebuah keharusan dalam menjawab tantangan pendidikan Agama Islam di pandemi COVID-19.
Furosemide in Hypovolemic shock
Authors: Khaleel Khalid Ali
Published: January 2021

Background: Shock is a common clinical state, we face chocked patients in causality, surgical and gynecological  specialties like stab wounds, road traffic accidents, placenta preavia, placenta accrete, placenta pericreta, ectopic pregnancy, perforated viscus  etc. All such patients undergo surgical exploration and majority of them are shifted to ICU to complete monitoring and support. High percent of them they develop acute kidney injury intra and postoperatively and carry high mortality rate because of not so good nursing care in ICU in Iraq.

Objective: to clarify that Furosemide can protect kidney function during shock and reduce ICU admission and mortality rate.

Method: 100 shocked patient were enrolled in this study which was done in medical city hospital,  Al-Sadder General hospital and Alkindi teaching hospital in Iraq/Baghdad from January 2019 to June 2020. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group SN this include 50 patient who received 2 ml normal saline as placebo(control group)and second group SL which include 50 patient who received 2 ml (20 mg) furosemide (study group). This trial was double blind study, both the patient and the junior anesthesia doctor do not know about the study conducted. patients below age of 14 years were excluded from the study. 98 patients of those 100 patients were involved in multiple stab wound injury, multiple bullet injury and road traffic accident and only 2 patients were diagnosed as ectopic pregnancy.

Result: ICU admission and mortality rate was less in patients receiving furosemide compared to patients received placebo (2% and 14% versus 1%and 7%respectively).

Conclusion: furosemide reduces ICU admission and mortality rate in shocked patients.
Fungusların Mikrobiyal Gübre veya Biyopestisit Olarak Tarımda Kullanılması
Authors: AVAN Meltem , KOTAN Recep
Published: January 2021

Funguslar, biyolojik mücadele çalışmalarında kullanılan biyolojik etmenler içerisinde önemli bir grubu oluşturmaktadır. Bu derlemede; biyolojik mücadelede kullanılan entomopatojenik fungusların zararlı böcek popülasyonlarının doğal dengesinin sağlanmasında ve mikorizal fungusların, bitki, toprak ve bitki patojenleri ile arasındaki etkileşimlerinin biyolojik mücadeledeki önemlerinden bahsedilmiştir. Ayrıca entomopatojenik fungusların ve mikorizal fungusların biyolojik mücadeledeki etki mekanizmaları ve bitki gelişimine katkıları hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir. Entomopatojen fungusların ve mikorizaların tarımda kimyasallara karşı gerek bitki koruma gerekse de bitki beslemede başarılı bir şekilde kullanılabileceğinin özellikle vurgulanması amaçlanmıştır. Bu konuda Türkiye’de yapılan çalışmaların biraz daha ileriye götürülmesi noktasında taşıyıcı formülasyon çalışmalarına ağırlık verilmesi ve ruhsatlandırma ile ilgili yönetmeliklerin bilimsel çalışmalara göre güncellenmesi çok faydalı olacaktır.
L’anthroponymie religieuse en Algérie
Authors: Taibi-Maghraoui Yamina
Published: January 2021

Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons à l’onomastique, qui est une science auxiliaire de l’histoire et de la linguistique. Nous consacrons ce travail en particulier à l’anthroponymie à base religieuse. De ce fait nous nous interrogeons sur l’origine et la formation des anthroponymes inscrits sur deux périodes d’étude de 1875/1885 et de 1962 /2010. Il s’agit de deux corpus recensés aux services d’état civil de la ville de Mostaganem.Dans cette étude diachronique, notre objectif est de rendre compréhensibles les conditions historiques et religieuses ayant produit des catégories anthroponymiques formées à l’aide de bases religieuses.Religious anthroponymy in AlgeriaAbstract In this article, we are interested in Onomastics, which was, initially, an auxiliary science of History and Linguistics that   become a transdisciplinary science mobilizing other sciences such as Sociology, Marketing, Law, and Literature. We dedicate this work in particular to religious-based anthroponymy. As a result, we wonder about the origin and formation of anthroponyms recorded over two study periods of 1875/1885 and 1962/2010. These are two corpuses identified at the civil registry services of the city of Mostaganem. In this diachronic study, our goal is to make understandable the historical and religious conditions that produced anthroponymic categories formed using religious bases.Keywords: Anthropony; religion; forms; theophore; hegirian.
Variação e mudança em nomes de jogadores da Seleção Brasileira
Authors: Pereira de Souza Cruz Vinícius , Roque Amaral Eduardo Tadeu
Published: January 2021

Este artigo apresenta uma análise de antropônimos oficiais e não oficiais de jogadores da Seleção Brasileira do período compreendido entre 1958 e 2018. O marco teórico se apoia tanto em estudos de Onomástica, como Amaral (2011), Amaral e Seide (2020), Bajo Pérez (2002), Becker (2018), Fernández Leborans (1999), Urrutia e Sánchez (2009), Van Langendonck (2007), quanto em estudos sobre o futebol brasileiro, como Rodrigues (2010) e Caetano e Rodrigues (2009). Os dados analisados são os nomes das listas de jogadores convocados nesse período para os jogos mundiais. Esses nomes são classificados com o objetivo de observar a variação e a mudança ao longo do tempo. Os resultados indicam um predomínio de nomes oficiais em quase todos os anos, bem como uma maior tendência contemporânea às variantes mais formais dos nomes.Palavras-chave: Seleção Brasileira; jogadores de futebol; antropônimos.Variation and changes in soccer players’ names of Brazilian National soccer teamAbstract: This paper presents an analysis of official and unofficial anthroponyms of soccer players from the Brazilian National team from 1958 to 2018. The theoretical framework is based on onomastic studies, such as Amaral (2011), Amaral e Seide (2020), Bajo Pérez (2002), Becker (2012), Fernández Leborans (1999), Urrutia and Sánchez (2009), Van Langendonck (2007), Fernández Leborans (1999) as well as on analyzes about the Brazilian soccer such as Rodrigues (2010) and Caetano and Rodrigues (2009). The data analyzed are the names from the lists of players selected in that period to compete in the World Cup. These names are classified in order to observe the variation and the change over time. The results indicate a predominance of official names in almost every year, as well as a greater contemporary trend towards more formal variants of names. Keywords: Brazilian National soccer team; soccer players; anthroponyms.