bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Verbal triggers of positive emotions as a tool for forming the emotional component of schoolchildren’s value attitude towards other people
Authors: Savelyeva O. E.
Published: October 2024

Importance. Building students’ value-based attitudes towards other people is an important goal of the modern educational process. This kind of attitude includes three aspects (cognitive, emotional and behavioural). The research focuses on the development of the emotional aspect of the valuebased attitude towards other people. The author analyses how verbal means affect people’s emotions and how these means can be used to create positive emotions in the process of building the emotional aspect of the value-based attitude towards other people in schoolchildren.

Research Methods. The study uses an analytical review of the scientific and methodological literature on pedagogy; lexical, morphological and stylistic analyses of verbal structures are used.

Results and Discussion. Verbal triggers are designed by the author in order to evoke positive emotions in schoolchildren towards the people around them. The examples of exercises with verbal triggers of tenderness and admiration for extra-curricular classes, or course on emotional intelligence, or as part of academic lessons, are also designed by the author.

Conclusion. The research results can be used in the process of organising complex work on the formation of the emotional component of the value attitude towards people, as well as for further theoretical research on the issues of emotional learning and moral education in general.
Pedagogical support of persons with disabilities in physical education classes at university
Authors: Ivleva A. N. , Selivanov O. I.
Published: October 2024

Importance. The research examines the characteristics of pedagogical support for persons with disabilities in physical education classes at university. The aim of the study is to analyse the characteristics of pedagogical support for persons with disabilities in physical education classes at university. In order to achieve this goal, a number of tasks have been solved. The definition of “pedagogical support for persons with disabilities” is analysed; a review of psychological and pedagogical literature on the research question is conducted; and methodological recommendations for pedagogical support of persons with disabilities in physical education classes at the university are developed.

Materials and Methods. Analysis of theoretical and methodological literature on the research problem; analysis of the experience of practitioners working with persons with disabilities; comparative analysis; and the method of generalisation are used.

Results and Discussion. Pedagogical support for persons with disabilities can be successfully organised in modern universities under a number of conditions detailed in the study.

Conclusions. Competent and effective pedagogical support of persons with disabilities in physical education classes at the university allows persons with disabilities to integrate into the educational process as much as possible, as well as to compensate for health problems during physical education classes.
Linguodidactic and interdisciplinary analysis of the concept of mediation as a terminological problem
Authors: Chikrizova K. V.
Published: October 2024

Importance. CEFR Companion Volume 2018 pays special attention to the development of four modes of communication (including mediation) along with the formation of communicative competence. The purpose of this research is to conduct an interdisciplinary analysis of the term “mediation” as well as to clarify this term in the Russian language.

Materials and Methods. Research methods include analysis and interpretation of literature. The research materials are literature review of foreign and Russian scientists in the field of jurisprudence and law, philosophy, philosophy of religion, social philosophy, sociology, management, psychology, reflexive psychology, cultural-historical psychology, conflictology, linguistics, pedagogy, translation and translation studies, as well as linguodidactics.

Result and Discussion. The concept of “mediation” is analyzed in various fields. The terminology in Russian for three types of mediation activities is clarified according to the CEFR Companion Volume 2018.

Conclusion. In most scientific fields, mediation is viewed as a procedure involving three parties: two parties in conflict and one party acting as a neutral intermediary (mediator). However, in methodology of teaching foreign languages, the emphasis shifts to the fact that any student while developing his/her communicative competence, mastering four modes of communication, including mediation, can independently act as a mediator with any interlocutor or group of interlocutors.
Components of contemporary linguo-methodological competence of students in language training programs at the present stage
Authors: Murunov S. S.
Published: October 2024

Importance. The competence-based approach prevailing in the current higher education puts forward special requirements to the systematization of knowledge and skills of graduates. The composition and description of professional competence, which is the main reference point in course design, has a strong impact on the overall effectiveness of the educational process, so there is an imperative need for a comprehensive and practice-oriented model of linguo-methodological competence. The purpose of the study is to develop a general model of linguo-methodological competence that meets the needs of linguo-methodological areas of training.

Materials and Methods. To carry out the research: the corpus of research literature on the topic is analyzed, the general regularities of requirements to the competence of a specialist are synthesized and systematized, the structure of linguo-methodological competence is modeled.

Results and Discussion. Interpretation of the general model of professional competence under specific conditions of foreign language teaching reveals a number of functionally different aspects of specialist’s competence. The following aspects are identified: behavioral, sociocultural, motivational, information and communication, and linguodidactic. Each component actualizes a relatively autonomous set of knowledge and skills, which can be purposefully influenced.

Conclusion. The presented model is characterized by its structural completeness, which allows integrating private professional competences within the framework of individual components. The selected components reflect the main aspects of professional activity of a modern foreign language teacher, which allows us to use it as a starting point for designing a foreign language teacher training course.
Universal Monte Carlo method for Lévy processes and their extrema
Authors: Grechko Alexander S. , Kudryavtsev Oleg E.
Published: October 2024

The article proposes a universal approach to constructing Monte Carlo methods for pricing options with payoffs depending on the joint distribution of the final position of the Lévy process X_T and its infimum J_T (or supremum S_T). We derive approximate formulas for the conditional cumulative distribution functions of the Lévy process "P"(X_T<x|S_T=y) (P(X_T<x|J_T=y)), which are expressed through the partial derivative with respect to y of the joint cumulative distribution function "P"(X_T<x,S_T<y) (P(X_T<x,J_T<y)) and the density of the infimum (or supremum) at the final moment of time. By applying the Laplace transform to the joint cumulative distribution function of the Lévy process and its extremum, we use the approximate Wiener–Hopf factorization to represent the image of its partial derivative. By inverting the Laplace transform using the Gaver–Stehfest algorithm, we find the desired conditional cumulative distribution function. The developed algorithm for simulating the joint position of the Lévy process and its extremum at a given point in time consists of two key stages. At the first stage, we simulate the extremum value of the L´evy process based on the approximation of its cumulative distribution function "P"(S_T<x) (or P(J_T<x)). In the second step, we simulate the final value of the Lévy process based on the approximation of the conditional cumulative distribution function of the final position of the Lévy process relative to its extremum. The universality of the Monte Carlo method we developed lies in the implementation of a uniform approach for a wide class of Lévy processes, in contrast to classical approaches, when simulations are essentially based on the features of the probability distribution associated with the simulated random process or its extrema. In our approach, it is enough to know the characteristic exponent of the Lévy process. The most time-consuming computational unit for simulating a random variable based on a known cumulative distribution function can be effectively implemented using neural networks and accelerated through parallel computing. Thus, on the one hand, the approach we propose is suitable for a wide class of Lévy models, on the other hand, it can be combined with machine learning methods.
Dinâmica distributiva de ICMS ecológico em Pernambuco, Brasil, e a criação de novas Unidades de Conservação
Authors: Ferreira Beatriz Mesquita Pedrosa , Ferreira Monalisa de Oliveira
Published: October 2024

O Imposto sobre Operações Relativas à Circulação de Mercadorias e sobre Prestações de Serviços de Transporte Interestadual e Intermunicipal e de Comunicação (ICMS) é a principal fonte de recursos aos estados e municípios no Brasil. O ICMS Ecológico (ICMS-E), também chamado de ICMS Verde ou Socioambiental, corresponde a uma parcela do recurso financeiro do imposto que é distribuída pelos estados aos municípios. O objetivo deste estudo consiste em analisar a distribuição de parcela do ICMS pelo critério de unidades de conservação para municípios que perfazem a proposta de criação da Reserva Extrativista (RESEX) de Rio Formoso, além de município vizinho. Os municípios são similares em termos geográficos. Os municípios de interesse para a proposta de uma nova RESEX já possuem Unidades de Conservação (Reserva Biológica, Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural, Áreas de Proteção Ambiental) em seus territórios, as quais geraram em 2020 receitas na ordem de 2,5% do total recebido de ICMS para Sirinhaém, 5,7% em Rio Formoso e 13,6% em Tamandaré. Além disso, a entrada de uma nova Unidade de Conservação no sistema provocaria aumento na distribuição do ICMS-E de 33,82%, 13,55% e 1,54%, respectivamente. O estudo realizado revelou a importância dos valores recebidos de ICMS devido ao critério Unidades de Conservação para os municípios de Sirinhaém, Rio Formoso e Tamandaré. Além disso, é imperativo notar que os valores recebidos devem ser considerados pelo município de forma integrada, visando compreender quais os principais aspectos e vantagens comparativas de seu território. Com esse intuito, foi acrescentado o município de Ipojuca como comparativo aos municípios de interesse.
Vacinação drive-thru e testagem para covid-19: análise do perfil epidemiológico em Campo Grande, MS
Authors: Tognon Andressa , Constantino de Oliveira Michel Angelo , Espinola Carvalalho Cristiano Marcelo , Cardozo Bonfim Carbone Débora , Brito da Costa Reginaldo
Published: October 2024

Durante o enfrentamento da covid-19, a estratégia de vacinação drive-thru foi uma das medidas para acelerar a imunização da população, e a abertura do Centro de Testagem da Covid-19 (CTC) potencializou a realização de testes rápidos. Este estudo tem o objetivo de analisar o desempenho da vacinação contra a covid-19 no formato drive-thru e o perfil do público que recorreu ao centro de testagem no período de 2021-2022. Trata-se de uma análise quantitativa de delineamento transversal, com dados obtidos do MonitoraCovid-19 e ConecteSUS. Os resultados mostraram a busca acentuada pela vacinação no período de julho a agosto de 2021 e a redução na procura pelas vacinas conforme o avanço da imunização. Já o perfil predominante dos indivíduos diagnosticados com covid-19 foi de: pessoas do sexo feminino (58,20%), idade entre 21 e 30 anos (22,16%), cor de pele branca (47,65%), sintomáticos (86,37%) sem comorbidades (82,35%). Portanto, os protocolos de biossegurança aliados à vacinação e à testagem para diagnóstico da doença foram essenciais para conter a transmissão do vírus SARS-CoV-2. O drive-thru de vacinação foi uma das formas de atendimento que ofereceu facilidade de acesso, agilidade, refreamento de aglomerações, comodidade e garantia de segurança dos pacientes.
EFFECTIVENESS OF AL-QURAN THERAPY IN REDUCING THE LEVEL OF AUDITORY HALLUCINATIONS
Authors: Fikri Zahid , 'Ibad Muhammad Rosyidul , Arfianto Muhammad Ari , Mu'jizah Khikmatul , Setyowati Lilis , Ardiana Tessa Gustin , Putri Evita Muslima Isnanda , Choirulloh Achmad
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Auditory hallucinations, which involve hearing voices that are not present, can severely impact an individual’s mental health and quality of life if left untreated. Qur'anic therapy, which involves reciting verses from the Qur’an, is believed to help calm the mind and reduce hallucination symptoms. The purpose of this community service initiative is to teach staff and patients to incorporate Qur'anic therapy into their daily routines, supporting both spiritual and psychological healing.
Methods: This community service was conducted at the Pasuruan Social Rehabilitation Home with 35 clients experiencing auditory hallucinations who were coherent, cooperative, and Muslim. The aim was to provide Al-Quran therapy for 2 weeks, with each session lasting 5 minutes. The effectiveness of the therapy was measured using self-reported frequency of hallucinations and staff observations, with data analyzed through a paired sample t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test, depending on the distribution, to assess any significant reduction in the auditory hallucinations.
Results: Some of the results experienced by patients after receiving Al-Quran therapy are that patients are more peaceful when experiencing auditory hallucinations. The patient also said that reading the Al Quran could be a distraction when the patient had auditory hallucinations. On average, 60% of patients' hallucinations were mild, 37.1% were moderate, and 2.9% had severe hallucinations.
Conclusion: These findings indicate that Al-Quran therapy can be used as an effective method to reduce the frequency of auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia patients at the Pasuruan Social Rehabilitation Home. These findings have important implications for the management and care of patients with auditory hallucinations, as well as providing a therapeutic alternative that can improve patients' quality of life.
STRIVING FOR DIABETES SELF-CARE MANAGEMENT IN THE OLDER PEOPLE BASED ON SELF-DETERMINATION THEORY
Authors: Vitaliati Trisna , Angelia Silvanasari Irwina , Maurida Nurul , Ali Basri Achmad
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Older people with diabetes mellitus need disease management through self-management which is quite complex because the disease will have an impact on their health condition both physically and psychologically. Based on Self Determination Theory, motivation is important component in improving psychological health and treatment effectiveness of patients with diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this community service is to strive for diabetes self-care management so that blood sugar levels can be controlled reduce the risk of complications and achieve a prosperous psychological condition.
Methods: The method of implementing this community service is in the form of health education, early screening, diabetes gymnastics, and family assistance in carrying out family healthcare functions. This community service was carried out at Jenggawah Public Health Center in March 2023. The participants of this community service activity are older people with diabetes mellitus.
Results: There is an increase in the motivation of older people to carry out self-care activities, and the older people and families can also practice diabetes gymnastics by what has been taught.
Conclusion: With optimal management behavior of diabetes mellitus in older people, the psychological aspects of the elderly with Diabetes Mellitus will improve so that further complications of this disease can be prevented.
THE ACCOMPANIMENT OF SUPPLEMENTARY FOOD FOR MONITORING THE STUNTING RISK CHILDREN IN RENGAS I VILLAGE OGAN ILIR
Authors: Ghiffari Ahmad , Asmalia Resy , Julia Liona Putria Sinta , Azhara Alya , Artanto Ardi , Utama Budi , Anisa Suardin Lucille , Pamudji Raden , Bagus Setiawan Rifqi , Saputra Amja
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The Ogan Ilir Regency district has the second-highest prevalence of stunting in South Sumatra, with a prevalence rate of 24.9%. Providing additional meals (PMT) is an essential component, especially to improve the conditions of low-income communities affected by malnutrition, with a specific focus on young children. The purpose of the activity is to provide a continuous supply of food, thus preventing body weight loss and promoting optimal nutritional well-being.
Methods: The event took place at a village in Payaraman District situated in Ogan Ilir Regency. The participant were the two children, namely Anak R (3.5 years old) and Anak S (1.7 years). The service methods included the process of meal preparation for PMT and the delivery of meals to the homes of children. The method used for the PMT involved the daily allocation of food, the nutrient composition of various foods, including pumpkin, potatoes, carrots, maize and similar substitutes. At the end of the month, the final anthropometric measurements were collected. The anthropometric measurements encompassed body weight, and height. The weight of the youngster was measured using a digital scale manufactured for further analysis.
Results: There was a noticeable improvement in weight and height of Anak R and Anak S. Anak R demonstrated a weight gain after the programme from exactly 9.30 kg to 9.80 kg, while Anak S showed an increased weight from 7.80 kg to 8.50 kg. Anak R's height improved from 81.0 cm to 85.0 cm and Anak S's from 71.0 cm to 72.0 cm. Despite the observed growth in the weight and height of both children, the acquired findings did not meet the desired levels for each child's weight and height.
Conclusion: Community service activities include food supplementary accompaniment and stunting surveillance has assisted for children with high risk of stunting conditions to gain weight and height after food additions. The accompaniment community service activity can be used as an effort to reduce cases of malnutrition.
Intelligent prediction of rail corrugation evolution trend based on self-attention bidirectional TCN and GRU
Authors: Liu Jian-Hua , Yang Wei-Hao , He Jing , Wang Zhong-Mei , Jia Lin , Zhang Chang-Fan , Yang Wei-Wei
Published: October 2024

Analyzing the evolution trend of rail corrugation using signal processing and deep learning is critical for railway safety, as current traditional methods struggle to capture the complex evolution of corrugation. This present study addresses the challenge of accurately capturing this trend, which relies significantly on expert judgment, by proposing an intelligent prediction method based on self-attention (SA), a bidirectional temporal convolutional network (TCN), and a bidirectional gated recurrent unit (GRU). First, multidomain feature extraction and adaptive feature screening were used to obtain the optimal feature set. These features were then combined with principal component analysis (PCA) and the Mahalanobis distance (MD) method to construct a comprehensive health indicator (CHI) that reflects the evolution of rail corrugation. A bidirectional fusion model architecture was employed to capture the temporal correlations between forward and backward information during corrugation evolution, with SA embedded in the model to enhance the focus on key information. The outcome was a rail corrugation trend prediction network that combined a bidirectional TCN, bidirectional GRU, and SA. Subsequently, a multi-strategy improved crested porcupine optimizer (CPO) algorithm was constructed to automatically obtain the optimal network hyperparameters. The proposed method was validated with on-site rail corrugation data, demonstrating superior predictive performance compared to other advanced methods. In summary, the proposed method can accurately predict the evolution trend of rail corrugation, offering a valuable tool for on-site railway maintenance.
High-Resolution Satellites Expose Critical Deforestation and Carbon Loss in Costa Rica
Authors: Navarro Andrea
Published: October 2024

The Gandoca-Manzanillo Wildlife Refuge in Costa Rica is facing significant threats from deforestation, raising concerns about its impact on forest health and carbon sequestration. This study utilized high-resolution satellite data from Sentinel-2 and Planet NICFI to assess forest degradation and quantify deforestation from January 2023 to August 2024. Multiple vegetation indices, including NDVI, GNDVI, EVI, SAVI, and MSI, were applied to monitor changes in forest health. Deforestation was calculated using relative NDVI change detection and thresholding techniques, while CO₂ emissions were estimated based on biomass loss derived from NDVI. The results show a 5% decrease in NDVI from Planet NICFI and a 2-3% decline from Sentinel-2, leading to the loss of 3.5 hectares of forest cover. Carbon dynamics revealed a CO₂ loss of 33,322.64 tons between January 2023 and January 2024, followed by a gain of 100,834.54 tons by August 2024, indicating partial recovery. The integration of Sentinel-2 and Planet NICFI data detected 13.22% deforestation with Sentinel-2 and 16.76% with Planet NICFI, emphasizing the importance of multi-source satellite imagery for accurate monitoring. These findings highlight the need for continuous monitoring and effective management to sustain carbon storage and combat deforestation.
Impact Analysis of Cost and Quality on Project Duration Using SEM—A Data Driven Decision Support Model for Fast-Track Building Projects
Authors: Sultan Mustafa , Hassan Ishtiaq , Gardezi Shujaa Safdar
Published: October 2024

Time overrun and tight deadlines set by the client are the critical challenges faced by the construction industry for decades. The fast-track technique was introduced to overcome these challenges. Since its introduction in 1970s, a number of construction projects have been completed on fast-track however the stakeholders still lack confidence in its implementation, mainly due to the lack of awareness of the impact that variances in cost and quality have on project duration on fast-track schedule and the lack of decision support available in this domain. This research aims at analysing the impact of cost and quality variances on project duration thereby proposing a decision support model that facilitates the decision-making process. Data was gathered from 159 construction industry professionals on a 5-point Likert scale based questionnaire. Structural equation modelling (SEM) software was used to analyse the data. 4 hypotheses were developed including the mediation analysis. The results of the analysis showed that both cost and quality variances have significant impact on variances in project duration. Moreover, the quality variance also significantly impacts the variations in project budget. The mediation analysis showed that cost variance mediates a statistically significant impact between variations in project quality and project duration. The R2 values of the proposed model indicated that 78.4% of the changes in project duration are attributed to changes in project cost and quality whereas 72.9% variations in project cost are attributed to changes in project quality. The IPMA results showed that the decisions resulting in variations in project cost have the greatest potential to enhance project performance in terms of project duration among which adopting scope freeze approach at early design stage, over-designing the facility and early procurement of long-lead-time items are the most influential decisions whereas over-extending the resources on quality related decisions may result in adverse effects on project duration which include early involvement of O&M team in design phase, early involvement of the contractor in design phase, 90% acceptable quality compromise and quality management plan submission in pre-design stage. Q2, RMSE, MAE and CVPAT values confirm that the proposed model has high out-of-sample predictability.
Depth of Defect Detection in Immersive Environments through Ultrasonic Sensor Data Analysis and Recommender System
Authors: Hassani Vahid , Ibrahim Zunaidi
Published: October 2024

The study investigates using a recommender system to improve the accuracy of depth of defect (DoD) estimation in immersive steel samples. The proposed method can enhance prediction performance and be applied across various industries like water, oil, and gas. The recommender system is trained on experimental data from an immersive wedge sample and then evaluated on test data from a different sample to demonstrate its potential for precise and non-invasive DoD detection.
A Methodology for Assessing the Impact of In-Situ Fractures on the Intensity of Blast-Induced Damage
Authors: Karimi Omid , Fillion Marie-Helene , Dirige Philip
Published: October 2024

Drilling and blasting is the conventional method used for rock fragmentation in open pit mining. Blast-induced damage can reduce the level of stability of benches and pit slopes. To develop an optimal blast design, an adequate knowledge of the rock properties and in-situ fractures is needed. Fractures are generally the paths of least resistance for explosive energy and can affect the intensity of blast-induced damage. Discrete Fracture Networks (DFN) are 3D representations of joint systems used for estimating the distribution of in-situ fractures in a rock mass. The combined finite/discrete element method (FDEM) can be used to simulate the complex rock breakage process during a blast. The objective of this paper is to develop a methodology for assessing the influence of in-situ joints on the post-blast fracturing and the associated wall damage in 2D bench blasts scenarios. First, a simple one-blasthole scenario is analyzed with the FDEM software Irazu 2D and calibrated based on a laboratory-scale blasting experiment available from previous literature. Secondly, more complex scenarios consisting of one-blasthole models at the bench-scale were simulated. A bench blast without DFN (base case) and one with DFN, were numerically simulated. The model with DFN demonstrated that the growth path and intensity of blast-induced fractures were governed by pre-existing fractures which led to smaller wall damage area. The damage intensity for the base case scenario is about 42% higher than for the blast model with DFN included, which highlights the significance of in-situ fractures in the resulting blast damage intensity. The methodology for developing the DFN-included blasting simulation provides a more realistic modeling process for blast-induced wall damage assessment. This results in a better characterization of the blast damage zone and can lead to improved slope stability analyses.
Formation Conditions of Extremely Reduced High-Temperature Mineral Assemblages in Rocks of Combustion Metamorphic Complexes (Mongolia)
Authors: Peretyazhko Igor S. , Savina Elena A.
Published: October 2024

New data, including Raman spectroscopy, characterize unusual mineral assemblages from rocks of the Naylga and Khamaryn–Khyral–Khiid combustion metamorphic complexes in Mongolia. Several samples of melilite–nepheline paralava and other thermally altered (metamorphosed) sedimentary rocks contain troilite (FeS), metallic iron (Fe0), kamacite (Ni-bearing Fe0), taenite (Ni-rich Fe0), barringerite or allobogdanite (Fe2P), schreibersite (Fe3P), steadite (Fe4P = eutectic α-Fe+Fe3P), wüstite (FeO), and cohenite (Fe3C). The paralava matrix includes a fragment composed of magnesiowüstite–ferropericlase (FeO–MgO solid solution), as well as of spinel (Mg,Fe)Al2O4 and forsterite. The highest-temperature mineral assemblage belongs to a xenolithic remnant, possibly Fe-rich sinter: molten ash left after underground combustion of coal seams. The crystallization temperatures of the observed iron phases were estimated using phase diagrams for the respective systems: Fe–S for iron sulfides and Fe–P for iron phosphides. Iron monosulfide (high-temperature pyrrhotite) with inclusions of Fe0 underwent solid-state conversion into troilite at 140 °C. Iron phosphides in inclusions from the early growth zone of anorthite–bytownite in melilite–nepheline paralava crystallized from < 1370 to 1165 °C (Fe2P), 1165–1048 °C (Fe3P), and <1048 °C (Fe4P). Phase relations in zoned spherules consisting of troilite + Fe0 (or kamacite, taenite) + Fe3P ± (Fe3C, Fe4P) reveal potential presence of a homogeneous Fe–S–P–C melt at T ~1350 °С, which separated into two immiscible melts in the 1350–1250 °С range, namely, a dense Fe–P–C melt in the core and a less dense Fe–S melt in the rim. The melts evolved in accordance with cooling paths in the Fe–S and Fe–P–C phase diagrams. Cohenite and schreibersite in the spherules crystallized between 988 °C and 952 °C. The crystallization temperatures of minerals were used to reconstruct redox patterns with respect to the CCO, IW, IM, and MW buffer equilibria during melting of marly limestone and subsequent crystallization and cooling of melilite–nepheline paralava melts. The origin of the analyzed CM rocks was explained in a model implying thermal alteration of low-permeable overburden domains in reducing conditions during wild subsurface coal fires, while heating was transferred conductively from adjacent parts of ignited coal seams. The gas regime in the zones of combustion was controlled by the CCO buffer at excess atomic carbon. Paralava melts exposed to high-temperature extremely reducing conditions contained droplets of immiscible Fe–P–S–C, Fe–S, Fe–P, and Fe–P–C liquids which then crystallized to reduced mineral assemblages.
Hypoxia Promotes Osteoclast Differentiation through Weakening the USP18-Mediated Suppression on NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Fan Xiaoxia , Li Botong , Chai Shengjun , Zhang Rong , Cai Chunmei , Ge Ri-Li
Published: October 2024

Background: Osteoporosis, a prevalent metabolic bone disorder, is characterized by reduced bone density and increased fracture risk. The pathogenesis of osteoporosis is closely associated with an imbalance in bone remodeling, where the resorption function of osteoclasts exceeds the formation function of osteoblasts. Hypoxia has been implicated in the promotion of osteoclast differentiation and the subsequent development of osteoporosis. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and its regulatory enzymes, deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), play a significant role in bone homeostasis. In this study, we investigated the contribution and mechanism of USP18, a DUB, in osteoclast differentiation under hypoxic conditions.
Methods: BMDMs and RAW264.7 cells were treated with RANKL to induce osteoclastogenesis and were subjected to overexpression or knockdown of USP18 under normoxic or hypoxia conditions. Osteoclast formation was assessed using TRAP staining, and the expression of osteoclast marker genes was determined by qRT-PCR. The activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway was evaluated by immunoblotting.
Results: We found that hypoxia significantly enhanced the differentiation of BMDMs and RAW264.7 cells into osteoclasts, accompanied by a notable downregulation of USP18 expression. Overexpression of USP18 inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation, while knockdown of USP18 promoted that process, unveiling the inhibitory effect of USP18 in osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, overexpression USP18 rescued the hypoxia-induced increase in osteoclast differentiation. Mechanistic insights revealed that USP18 inhibits osteoclastogenesis by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway, with a potential target on TAK1 or its upstream molecules.
Conclusion: Our study indicates that hypoxia promotes osteoclast differentiation through the downregulation of USP18, which in turn relieves the suppression on the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. The USP18 emerges as a potential therapeutic target for osteoporosis treatment, highlighting the importance of the hypoxia-DUBs axis in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Experimental Investigation of Steel-Borne Acoustic Pulses for Fault Pinpointing in Pipe-Type Cable Systems: A Scaled-Down Model Approach
Authors: Moutassem Zaki , Li Gang , Zhu Weidong
Published: October 2024

Pipe-type cable systems, including high-pressure fluid-filled (HPFF) and high-pressure gas-filled (HPGF) cables, are widely used for underground high-voltage transmission. These systems consist of insulated conductor cables within steel pipes, filled with pressurized fluids or gases for insulation and cooling. Despite their reliability, faults can occur due to insulation degradation, thermal expansion, and environmental factors. As many circuits exceed their 40-year design life, efficient fault localization becomes crucial. Fault location involves pre-location and pinpointing. Therefore, a novel fully pinpointing approach for pipe-type cable systems is proposed, utilizing accelerometers mounted on the steel pipe to capture fault-induced acoustic signals and employing a time difference of arrival (TDOA) method to accurately pinpoint the location of the fault. Experimental investigations utilized a scaled-down HPFF pipe-type cable system model, featuring a carbon steel pipe, high-frequency accelerometers, and both mechanical and capacitive discharge methods for generating acoustic pulses. Tests evaluated propagation velocity, attenuation, and pinpointing accuracy with the pipe in various embedment conditions. Results demonstrated accurate fault pinpointing within centimeters, even in fully embedded pipes, with acoustic pulse velocities close to theoretical values. These findings highlight the potential of the novel acoustic pinpointing technique presented in this study to improve fault localization in underground systems, enhance grid reliability, and reduce outage. Further research is recommended to validate this technique on full-scale systems.
Drones agrícolas y plaguicidas: regulación de la pulverización aérea en México
Authors: Lagunes Navarro Paulina Elisa
Published: October 2024

Este artículo analiza la regulación de la pulverización aérea de plaguicidas en México mediante el uso de aeronaves no tripuladas, así como sus áreas de oportunidad y posibles impactos, desde una perspectiva jurídica. En esta investigación se identifican algunos drones empleados en el sector agrícola y sus características; además de analizar la regulación de los drones y la pulverización aérea de plaguicidas. Dentro de los resultados, la ausencia de regulación puede dar lugar a responsabilidades jurídicas. Así mismo, se identificaron algunos retos ante la ausencia de regulación. La limitación del estudio radicó en la regulación de los drones dado que se ubica en aspectos aeronáuticos mas no ambientales; además de que en la Norma Oficial Mexicana se ubicó una ambigüedad que da cavidad a la interpretación de responsabilidades. En lo que respecta a la originalidad, se busca demostrar que, pese a la regulación de drones, esta no es suficiente para considerar los aspectos ambientales de la pulverización aérea de plaguicidas; por lo que se requiere una regulación integral entre varias autoridades competentes en la materia. En conclusión, la regulación de los drones agrícolas requiere de una perspectiva integral, con la finalidad de salvaguardar los derechos de las personas.
Research for an enhanced fault-tolerant solution against the current sensor fault types in induction motor drives
Authors: Tran C. D. , Kuchar M. , Nguyen P. D.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Recently, three-phase induction motor drives have been widely used in industrial applications; however, the feedback signal failures of current sensors can seriously degrade the operation performance of the entire drive system. Therefore, the motor drives require a proper solution to prevent current sensor faults and improve the reliability of the motor drive systems. The novelty of the proposed research includes integrating the current sensor fault-tolerant control (FTC) function according to enhanced technique into the field-oriented control loop for speed control of the motor drive system. Purpose. This research proposes a hybrid method involving a third difference operator and signal comparison algorithm to diagnose various types of current sensor faults as a positive solution to enhance the stability of the induction motor drive system. Methods. A hybrid method involving a third difference operator for the measured speed signals and a comparison algorithm between measured and estimated current signals are proposed to diagnose the current sensors’ health status in the fault-tolerant process. After determining the faulty sensor, the estimated current signals based on the Luenberger observer are used immediately to replace the defective sensor signal. Results. The current sensor is simulated with various failure types, from standard to rare failures, to evaluate the performance of the FTC method implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. Simultaneously, a fault flag corresponding to a defective sensor should be presented as an indicator to execute the repair process for faulty sensors at the proper time. Practical value. Positive results have proven the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed FTC integrated into the speed controller to improve reliability and ensure the stable operation of the induction motor drive system even under current sensor fault conditions. References 29, tables 3, figures 10.
Method for prediction magnetic silencing of uncertain energy-saturated extended technical objects in prolate spheroidal coordinate system
Authors: Kuznetsov B. I. , Kutsenko A. S. , Nikitina T. B. , Bovdui I. V. , Chunikhin K. V. , Kolomiets V. V.
Published: October 2024

Aim. Development of method for prediction by energy-saturated extended technical objects magnetic silencing based on magnetostatics geometric inverse problems solution and magnetic field spatial spheroidal harmonics calculated in prolate spheroidal coordinate system taking into account of technical objects magnetic characteristics uncertainties. Methodology. Spatial prolate spheroidal harmonics of extended technical objects magnetic field model calculated as magnetostatics geometric inverse problems solution in the form of nonlinear minimax optimization problem based on near field measurements for prediction far extended technical objects magnetic field magnitude. Nonlinear objective function calculated as the weighted sum of squared residuals between the measured and predicted magnetic field COMSOL Multiphysics software package used. Nonlinear minimax optimization problems solutions calculated based on particle swarm nonlinear optimization algorithms. Results. Results of prediction extended technical objects far magnetic field magnitude based on extended technical objects spatial prolate spheroidal harmonics of the magnetic field model in the prolate spheroidal coordinate system using near field measurements with consideration of extended technical objects magnetic characteristics uncertainty. Originality. The method for prediction by extended technical objects magnetic cleanliness based on spatial prolate spheroidal harmonics of the magnetic field model in the prolate spheroidal coordinate system with consideration of magnetic characteristics uncertainty is developed. Practical value. The important practical problem of prediction extended technical objects magnetic silencing based on the spatial prolate spheroidal harmonics of the magnetic field model in the prolate spheroidal coordinate system with consideration of extended technical objects magnetic characteristics uncertainty solved. References 48, figures 2.
Application of Computerized Tomography (CT) Scan Imaging Technique to Analyze Fluid Flow During Enhanced Oil Recovery Process
Authors: Madhumaya A. , Maiti S. , Vyas A. , Kulkarni S. D.
Published: October 2024

The process of designing and selecting practical Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) methods have become increasingly important in the planning of field development as significant quantities of readily accessible oil have been extracted from reservoirs. Polymer flooding is one of the classical Chemical EOR (CEOR) techniques with many large-scale projects ongoing or in the early stages of implementation in various countries worldwide. Although Chemical EOR techniques have been in practice since several decades now, the issue of accurate estimation of incremental recovery under these schemes due to uncertainties associated with the unknown or assumed data still persists. This paper describes a novel data driven workflow using Machine Learning to predict the incremental oil recovery for a target reservoir under Chemical EOR schemes. This paper aims to study the effect and advantages of polymer flooding in improving ultimate hydrocarbon recovery by using Computerized Tomography (CT) scan images of flooded core samples.
Investigating Asphaltene Damage Reduction in Wellbores, and Pipelines Using Alkaline and Surfactant Chemical Agents
Authors: Elsayed Ali , Fakher Sherif
Published: October 2024

The oil and gas industry faces significant challenges due to asphaltene deposition, which can impede hydrocarbon flow and cause operational difficulties in wellbores and pipelines. This research investigates the efficacy of alkaline and surfactant chemical agents in reducing asphaltene damage. Experimental studies using various chemicals such as Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS), heptane, xylene, water, and sodium bicarbonate reveal that the chemical agents’ effectiveness varies with concentration, offering insights into optimized strategies for managing asphaltene deposition. The findings contribute to developing more sustainable and effective solutions for the oil and gas industry.
Familial Risk and Interaction with Hypertension and Hyperglycemia in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Kim Hyun Jung , Ahn Hyeong Sik , Swan Heather , Hong Gahwi , Lee Hee-Sang , Kazmi Sayada Zartasha , Kim Young Shin , Na Kun-Hoo , Eom Jungmin , Kang Taeuk , Cha Jaewoo , Hann Hoo Jae
Published: October 2024

Background/objectives: To quantify the familial risk of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and estimate disease risk among individuals with a positive family history and either hypertension or hyperglycemia, as well as assess their interactions.
Subject/Methods: Using the National Health Insurance database, which includes information on familial relationships and lifestyle risk factors, we identified 6,217,057 individuals with first-degree relatives (FDRs) from 2002-2018. We calculated familial risk using hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) which compare the risk of individuals with and without affected FDRs. Disease risk was estimated among individuals with both a positive family history and hypertension or hyperglycemia, and interactions were assessed on an additive scale.
Results: Individuals with an affected parent had a 3.13-fold (95% CI 2.74-3.58) increased risk of disease compared to those with unaffected parents. Individuals with affected father, mother, or both affected parents showed HRs (95% CI) of 3.50 (2.86-4.30), 2.87 (2.41-3.44) and 4.88 (1.83-12.98), respectively. Familial risk adjusted for lifestyle factors decreased slightly (HR 3.14), suggesting that genetic component is the predominant driver in the familial aggregation. Individuals with a positive family history and either hypertension or hyperglycemia had a markedly elevated risk of disease, with HRs of 3.42 (95% CI 2.49-4.69) and 3.27 (95% CI 2.15-4.97), respectively. For hypertension, their combined risk exceeded the sum of their individual risks, but statistically significant interactions were not observed.
Conclusions: Hypertensive or hyperglycemic individuals with a positive family history may be considered a high-risk group and glaucoma screening may be considered.
The performance of optic disc-macula distance to disc-diameter ratio in qualitative and quantitative assessment of the optic disc size
Authors: ISHIKAWA AKIRA , Kusaka Kazumi , Nakanishi Akane , Yokoyama Yu
Published: October 2024

Objectives
We aimed to evaluate the performance of the optic disc-macula distance to disc-diameter ratio (DM/DD) in qualitative and quantitative assessment of optic disc size.
Methods
In 300 apparently normal eyes, we determined the correlation between DM/DD and the planimetric disc area (DA) and evaluated the performance of DM/DD in discriminating between small and large discs. The ability of DM/DD to predict the actual DA was validated in a separate cohort of 200 eyes. The disc size in eyes with glaucoma or related diseases was compared with DA- or DM/DD-based disc size.
Results
The DM/DD and its square of inverse (DD2/DM2) showed excellent non-linear and linear correlations, respectively, with DA (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively), demonstrating their performance in discriminating between small (< 2.04 mm2) and large (> 2.94 mm2) disc sizes with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.901 and 0.959, respectively. The difference between the predicted DA and planimetric DA was within ± 10% in more than 80% of the eyes. Eyes with suspected and normal-tension glaucoma exhibited larger discs (p < 0.01) when evaluated using both DM/DD and DA. The variation in disc-macula distance seemed to be a confounding factor for DM/DD in inferring the precise disc size.
Conclusion
DM/DD, which can be easily calculated from various kinds of fundus photographs or images, was an excellent and interchangeable tool for qualitative and quantitative assessment of disc size, which did not require correction for ocular magnification.
Should All Cervical Cancer Patients with Positive Lymph Node Receive Definitive Radiotherapy: A Population-Based Comparative Study
Authors: Ma Yue , Liu Xingyu , Wang Yang , Wang Danbo
Published: October 2024

Objective: The optimal initial treatment for lymph node metastases (LNM) cervical cancer remains a subject of controversy. This study aimed to investigate the association between surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) and definitive radiotherapy (RT), and the prognosis of patients with LNM cervical cancer. Methods: Patients with positive lymph nodes (PLNs) in 2009 FIGO stage I-III cervical cancer were selected from SEER database. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank analysis were utilized to assess survival outcomes. Cox regression and Interaction analyses were used to compare the survival benefits. Results: 2936 patients were included in this study. Multivariate analysis revealed that the choice of primary treatment significantly influenced both cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS), serving as an independent prognostic factor for patients with LNM. After adjusting for imbalanced variables, surgery plus PORT significantly improved CSS and OS in the stage I-II and PLNs ≤ 5 subgroups. However, no significant difference was observed between the two treatment modalities in patients with stage III and PLNs > 5 subgroups. Through interaction analysis, it was observed that patients with stage I-II and PLNs ≤ 5 exhibited a significant survival benefit from surgery plus PORT. Conclusion: For cervical cancer patients at FIGO stage I-II or those with PLNs ≤ 5, combining surgery with PORT could lead to improved outcomes. However, this approach did not apply to those at stage III or individuals with PLNs > 5. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of LNM and local tumor spread should guide rationalized treatment options when managing patients presenting LNM.