bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“You need to dispose of them somewhere safe”: Covid-19, masks, and the pit latrine in Malawi and South Africa
Authors: Kalina Marc , Kwangulero Jonathan , Ali Fathima , Tilley Elizabeth
Published: February 2022

The ongoing Covid-19 pandemic has generated an immense amount of potentially infectious waste, primarily face masks, which require rapid and sanitary disposal in order to mitigate the spread of the disease. Yet, within Africa, large segments of the population lack access to reliable municipal solid waste management (SWM) services, both complicating the disposal of hazardous waste, and public health efforts. Drawing on extensive qualitative fieldwork, including 96 semi-structured interviews, across four different low-income communities in Blantyre, Malawi and Durban, South Africa, the purpose of this article is to respond to a qualitative gap on mask disposal behaviours, particularly from within low-income and African contexts. Specifically, our purpose was to understand what behaviours have arisen over the past year, across the two disparate national contexts, and how they have been influenced by individual risk perceptions, established traditional practice, state communication, and other media sources. Findings suggest that the wearing of cloth masks simplifies disposal, as cloth masks can (with washing) be reused continuously. However, in communities where disposable masks are more prevalent, primarily within Blantyre, the pit latrine had been adopted as the most common space for ‘safe’ disposal for a used mask. We argue that this is not a new behaviour, however, and that the pit latrine wasalreadyan essential part of many low-income households SWM systems, and that within the Global South, the pit latrine fulfils a valuable and uncounted solid waste management function, in addition to its sanitation role.
Indigenous knowledge and quantitative ethnobotany of the Tanawal area, Lesser Western Himalayas, Pakistan
Authors: Bibi Fozia , Abbas Zaheer , Harun Nidaa , Perveen Bushra , Bussmann Rainer W.
Published: February 2022

Ethnobotanical field surveys were carried out in the Tanawal area of the Lesser Himalayan Region, Khyber Pakhtunkhawa, Province from April 2016 to October 2017. The area is located between 34.36 (34° 21’ 30 N) latitude and 73.07 (73° 4’ 0 E) longitude with an average elevation of 1374 meters above sea level. Ethnomedicinal data were collected through Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), and participants were selected through the snow-boll technique. Semi-structured, in-depth and open-ended interviews were conducted. The data were quantitatively evaluated using ethnomedicinal indices i.e. Relative frequency of citation (RFCs), Fidelity level (FL), and Use Value (UV). The ethnobotanical data were also comparatively analyzed through the Jaccard Index (JI). The study yielded 66 medicinal plants in 62 genera and 43 families. Asteraceae and Solanaceae were the most important families with five medicinal taxa each. Regarding medicinal plant part utilization, leaves (43.28%) were used predominantly, followed by whole plant (14.92%) and fruits (14.92%). Decoction was the main drug formulation applied to 21 species (31.15%) and the oral route was most common (56.1%) while 31.2% of medicinal plants were used for both oral and topical applications. Fifty health disorders were recorded and grouped in 15 categories. Maximum species were used to treat gastrointestinal disorders i.e. 13 species, dermal problems (12 species), and respiratory tract ailments (9). The calculated RFCs ranged between 81 to 31. The most important medicinal plants were Acacia modesta, Citrullus vulgaris, Tamarindus indica, and Momordica charantia with an RGFC of 81 each. The UV ranged between 0.58 and 3.6. Medicinal taxa with the highest UV were Dioscorea deltoidea (3.6), Withania coagulans (3.3), Momordica charantia (3.5), Silybum marianum and Pyrus pashia (3.2). FL values showed that 28 (41.79%) species had a FL value below 50 (74.62%) while 39 (58.20%) had higher FL values. Momordica charantia, Tamarindus indica, Acacia modesta and Citrullus vulgaris were 95.2 each. The Jaccard Index (JI) values ranged from16.77 to 0.98. The current study also reported 16 medicinal plants, commonly used around the globe, have been rarely documented for their medicinal values in the local ethnomedicinal literature i.e. Althaea officinalis, Plantanus orientalis, Jasminum sombac, Maytenus royleana, Cucurbita maxima, Phyllanthus emblica, Citrullus vulgaris. Polygonatum verticilliatum, Caseria tomentosa, Cistanche tubulosa, Bambusa arundinacea, Schinus molle, Tamarindus indica, Pongamia pinnata, Citrus limon and Catharanthus roseus. However, 48 medicinal plants had been reported in the literature but the current study reported their novel medicinal uses. Important taxa should be established in botanical gardens for in-situ conservation, chemical investigation and sustainable utilization. It would also be effective to improve the livelihoods of the local population.
Maternal and infant morbidity following administration of repeat dexamethasone or betamethasone prior to preterm birth: A secondary analysis of the ASTEROID Trial
Authors: Hofer Olivia J. , Harding Jane E. , Tran Thach , Crowther Caroline A.
Published: February 2022

Background

Clinical practice guidelines recommend administering antenatal corticosteroids (ACS), either betamethasone or dexamethasone, to women at risk of preterm birth at less than 35 weeks’ gestation. If women remain at risk of preterm birth seven or more days after an initial course of ACS, most guidelines recommend administration of a repeat dose(s). No randomised trials have assessed the efficacy of dexamethasone as a repeat steroid compared to betamethasone.

Aim

We aimed to determine if there were differences between the use of dexamethasone or betamethasone as repeat ACS, for women who remain at risk of preterm birth after an initial course, on maternal, infant, and childhood health outcomes.

Methods

We performed a secondary analysis of data from the ASTEROID randomised trial, where women at risk of preterm birth were allocated to either betamethasone or dexamethasone. Infant, childhood, and maternal outcomes were compared according to whether women received a repeat dose(s) of dexamethasone or betamethasone. The primary outcome was a composite outcome of death or any neurosensory disability at age two years (corrected for prematurity). The ASTEROID trial is registered with ANZCTR, ACTRN12608000631303.

Results

168 women and their infants were included, with 86 women receiving dexamethasone and 82 women receiving betamethasone as a repeat dose. Women in the two ACS groups had similar baseline characteristics. We observed little to no difference in the incidence of death or any neurosensory disability at age two years (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.39 to 2.06, p = 0.79) or in the incidence of other infant, childhood, and maternal adverse health outcomes between women who received dexamethasone and those who received betamethasone.

Conclusion

Use of dexamethasone for a repeat dose(s) compared to betamethasone did not result in any differences in infant, childhood, and maternal health outcomes. These results can be used to support clinical practice guideline recommendations.
Establishment and evaluation of a specific antibiotic-induced inflammatory bowel disease model in rats
Authors: Tong Guojun , Qian Hai , Li Dongli , Li Jing , Chen Jing , Li Xiongfeng
Published: February 2022

Physical and chemical methods for generating rat models of enteritis have been established; however, antibiotic induction has rarely been used for this purpose. The present study aimed to establish and evaluate a rat model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using antibiotics. A total of 84 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into the following groups, according to the dosage and method of administration of the antibiotics: A, control; B, low-dose clindamycin; C, medium-dose clindamycin; D, high-dose clindamycin; E, low-dose clindamycin, ampicillin and streptomycin; F, medium-dose clindamycin, ampicillin and streptomycin; and G, high-dose clindamycin, ampicillin and streptomycin. Antibiotic administration was stopped on day 7; the modeling period covered days 1–7, and the recovery period covered days 8–15. Half of the animals were dissected on day 11, with the remaining animals dissected on day 15. Food and water intake, body weight and fecal weight were recorded. Intestinal flora was analyzed via microbial culture and quantitative PCR. The content of TNF-α, IL1-β, IL-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP) was assessed in abdominal aorta blood. Colonic and rectal tissues were examined pathologically via hematoxylin-eosin staining to assess leukocyte infiltration and intestinal mucosal changes as indicators of inflammation. Rat weight, food intake, water intake and 2-h fecal weight were significantly different across the experimental groups (P = 0.040, P = 0.016, P<0.001 and P = 0.009, respectively). Microbial cultures revealed no significant differences between group A and B,C (P = 0.546,0.872) but significant differences betwenn group A and the other experimental groups (all P<0.001). Furthermore, significant differences in the levels ofBacteroides,Faecalibacterium prausnitziiandDialister invisuson day 4 between groups A, C and F (P = 0.033, P = 0.025 and P = 0.034, respectively). Significant differences were detected in the levels of TNF-α, IL1-β, IL-6 and CRP between the groups (all P<0.001). The colonic and rectal pathological inflammation scores of the experimental groups were significantly different compared with group A (B vs. A, P = 0.002; others, all P<0.001). These findings indicated that an antibiotic-induced IBD model was successfully established in SD rats; this animal model may serve as a useful model for clinical IBD research.
COVID-19 vaccination experience among United States dental professionals and students: Safety, confidence, concerns, and side effects
Authors: Bsoul Enas A. , Loomer Peter M.
Published: February 2022

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the COVID-19 vaccination experience among United States-based dental professionals and students: to understand their beliefs, concerns, safety and confidence levels, and side effects experienced after vaccination; striving to boost vaccination acceptability to curtail the pandemic.

Methods

An observational survey study approved by The University of Texas Health San Antonio Institutional Review Board was distributed to members of the School of Dentistry community using Qualtrics XM software. The survey was completed anonymously. Data were analyzed using R statistical computing software, χ2 test and Fisher’s Exact test.

Results

Over 80% of all participants felt moderately to very safe working after the COVID-19 vaccine was made available, and more than 75% were moderately to very confident that the vaccine can protect them during the pandemic. At least 35% were moderately to very concerned about immediate and long-term side effects of the vaccine; despite the concerns, 94% received the vaccine. Side effects were more common after the second dose of the vaccine. Most common side effects were injection site pain, and general side effects of fatigue/tiredness, headache, muscle/body ache, and chills/fever. 74% reported no effect of the vaccine on daily activities, and the severity of side effects no worse than mild (about 60%).

Conclusions

Majority of the participants felt safe and confident that the vaccine would protect them against COVID-19 infection. Sharing these findings and reliable information that the vaccine is safe and effective is paramount to fostering the vaccine uptake and curtailing the pandemic.

Practical implications

Findings of this study demonstrated the confidence of the UT Health San Antonio, School of Dentistry community that the benefits of the vaccines greatly outweigh the risks; boosting the vaccination acceptance while creating a COVID-19 free environment both for the academic dental setting and the community it serves.
Contemporary painting, the ‘loop’ and the Chinese context
Authors: He Yifei
Published: February 2022

This article explores my own painting practice in relation to my pedagogical experience in both China and the United Kingdom, in order to see how traditional painting and the pedagogy of painting can be repurposed in forms of contemporary painting. Discussion in this article will be based on three examples of my expanded painting practice that engage with the notion of ‘the apparatus’ (Foucault) of painting in relation to the studio, as well as through different materials and mediums: painting, installation, performance, video and so on. The apparatus is, of course, not just about media but about the whole process of painting and its encounter. In these examples of practice, aspects of the apparatus of painting are revisited and re-visioned. Also, these examples demonstrate my thinking around the apparatus of painting’s relation to the loop. Importantly, as a painter, this article offers my practice’s response to the question: how does a contemporary (Chinese) painter go forward in the teaching and making of art? This question is vital, especially when there are (Chinese) traditions and histories that should be acknowledged and drawn on, in order to avoid simply repeating or adopting western modes of art practice.
Attitudes and preferences of traditional farmers toward reproductive biotechnology application for improved indigenous pig production in Zambia
Authors: Abigaba Rubaijaniza , Sianangama Pharaoh C. , Nyanga Progress H. , Mwenya Wilson N. M. M. , Mwaanga Edwell S.
Published: February 2022

Background and Aim: Pig production remains crucial to the livelihood of farmers in Zambia. However, low production continues to undermine efforts to reduce animal protein deficit; hence, the need emerges to improve production through biotechnology. To contribute to the prediction of their acceptance, this study assessed the attitudes and preferences of traditional farmers toward reproductive biotechnologies by exploring the socio-demographic characteristics of farmers.

Materials and Methods: The study conducted a cross-sectional descriptive survey that employed a mixed-methods design with a qualitative-quantitative methodological triangulation. Quantitative data were obtained from 622 respondents using a questionnaire, whereas seven focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted to obtain qualitative data. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to analyze quantitative and qualitative data, respectively.

Results: The majority (65.1%) of the respondents were low-income earners who mainly (64.8%) attained primary education. In addition, pig farming was dominated by middle-aged (43.7%) and elderly (40.7%) individuals. Moreover, most of the respondents owned (51.3% and 78.0%) more than 2 acres and six pigs, respectively. Furthermore, the respondents expressed a positive attitude (3.84±0.42) toward reproductive biotechnology application. However, despite supportive opinions (4.17±0.54) and favorable behavioral intentions (4.09±0.51), their feelings were generally neutral (3.10±0.89). In addition, the study observed various contrasting attitudes across socio-demographic factors. The respondents mainly preferred artificial insemination (AI; 66.2%). The results of the FGDs supported the survey findings. Nevertheless, the lack of information, knowledge and practical exposure, absence of peer influence, perceived beliefs and risks, poverty situations, and gender issues were pinpointed as the identified barriers to the biotechnology acceptance of the participants.

Conclusion: The respondents generally supported reproductive biotechnology application and its contribution to improved production. However, further promotion of the favorable attitudes of the farmers will be required. In this case, interventions sensitive to their socio-demographic characteristics, perceived barriers, and identified contributing factors to favorable attitudes will be crucial. In addition, despite the overwhelming preference for AI, efforts to promote AI-supporting reproductive technologies are required because they contribute to AI success rate.
EL ECOTURISMO, INFLUENCIA EN EL DESARROLLO SOCIOCULTURAL DEL MUNICIPIO
Authors: Sánchez Alcides Antúnez , Vázquez Ana Elisa Gorgoso
Published: February 2022

El artículo hace una caracterización del desarrollo del ecoturismo en Cuba y su relación con el desarrollo sociocultural desde una perspectiva teórica doctrinal e histórica a nivel internacional. A partir del estudio de la legislación nacional que regula el ecoturismo y su impacto en el desarrollo cultural del municipio, asentado en el ordenamiento jurídico cubano. Se toma como muestra a la provincia Granma por la insuficiencia de regulaciones jurídicas que propicien la aplicación de esta práctica novedosa y espiritual para el desarrollo cultural. El turista busca no solo la calidad de los servicios turísticos, sino el contacto con la naturaleza y la adecuada conservación ambiental; la Organización Mundial de Turismo preconiza que una de las tendencias predominantes del turismo es el incremento de nuevas formas como es el turismo ecológico, necesitado de alcanzar una cultura adecuada para su protección. Son empleados los métodos como el de análisis histórico, el exegético, inducción deducción, y el jurídico comparado.PALABRAS CLAVES: naturaleza, servicio turístico, patrimonio cultural, impacto.
A TRANSFORMAÇÃO DIGITAL DO ESTADO: DIGITALIZAÇÃO DO GOVERNO E DOS SERVIÇOS PÚBLICOS NO BRASIL
Authors: Reck Janriê Rodrigues , Hübner Bruna Henrique
Published: February 2022

A Estratégia de Governo Digital para o período de 2020 a 2022 objetiva a transformação do governo por meio de tecnologias digitais e busca oferecer mais eficiência nas políticas públicas e serviços públicos. Considerando que o objetivo é tornar o governo mais dinâmico, mais próximo da população e mais eficiente para resolver problemas e facilitar a vida do cidadão, busca-se responder: quais foram as principais medidas adotados na busca pela concretização da transformação digital do governo e dos serviços públicos no Brasil? A pesquisa adota o método dedutivo e a técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica, por meio de documentação indireta. O processo de inserção de Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) na administração pública brasileira remonta a década de 1990 e, conclui-se que, atualmente, a Lei n.º 14.129/2021 pode ser vista como importante mecanismo da transformação digital do governo e dos serviços públicos no Brasil.
SOBRE A COMPETÊNCIA NORMATIVA DO CONSELHO MONETÁRIO NACIONAL E DO BANCO CENTRAL DO BRASIL
Authors: Meinberg Marcio Ortiz
Published: February 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é atualizar o debate sobre a competência normativa do Conselho Monetário Nacional e do Banco Central do Brasil. Para tal, serão retomados aspectos históricos, resgatando a origem de tal competência e sua evolução jurídica ao longo do tempo. Além disso, serão abordados os principais debates doutrinários e jurisprudenciais relacionados à constitucionalidade da competência normativa após a promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988. Por fim, serão apresentados alguns temas relacionados e que ainda podem gerar controvérsia, incluindo a Lei Complementar nº 179/21. A metodologia adotada é a análise da bibliografia temática, da legislação e das decisões judiciais sobre o tema.
UNIDADE DE DESÍGNIOS E CRIME CONTINUADO: CONSIDERAÇÕES CRÍTICAS À LUZ DO ORDENAMENTO JURÍDICO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Brito Alexis Couto de , Moraes Jenifer
Published: February 2022

O presente trabalho procura investigar a legitimidade da adoção da teoria objetivo-subjetiva como fundamento do crime continuado no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Apesar da doutrina majoritariamente reconhecer a adoção da teoria objetiva e a redação do artigo 71 descartar a exigência a uma unidade de desígnios, os tribunais brasileiros insistem em condicionar a aplicação do artigo 71 à comprovação desse requisito. Diante disso, o objetivo do trabalho é investigar as causas que levaram ao atual contexto decisório sobre a questão e a sua conformidade com a principiologia penal e o Estado Social e Democrático de Direito instituído pós 1988. A metodologia utilizada é dedutiva, através do cotejamento das decisões judiciais com a principiologia constitucional brasileira, e bibliográfica, a partir da revisão da literatura nacional e estrangeira sobre o assunto, com o objetivo de promover uma articulação lógica entre a dogmática e o respaldo jurisprudencial sobre o tema. O trabalho demonstra que a adoção da teoria objetivo-subjetiva viola diretamente o Princípio Constitucional da Legalidade e deve ser considerada ilegítima. Isso porque o entendimento paradigmático que sustenta sua adoção carece absolutamente de substância em uma lógica principiológica contemporânea e representa uma interpretação in malam partem, o que é vedado em sede penal. O trabalho evidencia a importância da revisão de precedentes jurisprudenciais consolidados, sobretudo em temas correlacionados à ultima ratio do Ordenamento Jurídico.
DA CONSTITUIÇÃO IMPERIAL AO ESBOÇO: A FORMAÇÃO DO DIREITO BRASILEIRO E O CONCEITO DE PESSOA
Authors: Dal Ri Luciene , Benarrós Myriam
Published: February 2022

A história do direito brasileiro perpassa a constituição imperial e o seu primeiro processo de codificação em direito criminal e em direito civil. O processo codificatório civil brasileiro, por meio da contribuição de Teixeira de Freitas, reflete fundamentos em direito romano e a influência pandetística, principalmente por meio dos escritos de Savigny, desdobrando-se no desenvolvimento de conceitos basilares do ordenamento jurídico, como capacidade jurídica, sujeito de direito e pessoa. Por meio do método indutivo, bem como da análise de fontes empíricas, da revisão bibliográfica e principalmente da comparação entre as obras dos dois autores, observa-se similaridades e discordâncias nas suas concepções, permitindo delinear eixos de influência e bases de inovação no trabalho do jurista brasileiro. Por meio da pesquisa, denota-se que a influência do autor alemão é aceita naquilo em que corresponde ao resultado do método usado por Teixeira de Freitas.
Physical attributes and organic material in pastures of Brachiaria brizantha at degradation levels
Authors: Rocha Junior Paulo Roberto da , Donagemma Guilherme Kangussú , Andrade Felipe Vaz , Passos Renato Ribeiro , Balieiro Fabiano de Carvalho
Published: February 2022

Pastures cover, in Brazil, around 165 million ha, most of them are at some degradation level. Recovering these pastures is essential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensibility of soil organic matter (SOM) and its physical attributes in pasture soil at different degradation levels (1 to 4), Capoeiras (1 and 2) and secondary Forest (Control). Samples were collected at four depths (0.00-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m). We verified higher values for SOM and hydraulic conductivity (Ko) in Forest, especially in the most superficial layer (0.00-0.05). We noted low values for macroporosity in this area. In all areas under Pastures lower values for Ko were observed in the superficial layer (0.00-0.05 m) when compared to layers 0.05-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m, which indicates that the pasture management and cattle trampling negatively affect the physical quality of the pastures. For field capacity and wilting point the average values were observed in Pasture 4 (more degraded), which caused higher values for water availability. According to the principal components analysis, except for SOM at 0.20-0.40 m, all variables studied presented correlation above 0.6. From grouping analysis, we separated 3 groups: Forest; Capoeiras 1 and Capoeira 2 and Pastures 1 to 4.
Optimization of soybean yield in ultisols through adaptive varieties screening and plant growth promoting Rhizobacter
Authors: Afrida Elli , Syahril Muhammad , Koko Tampubolon
Published: February 2022

This research was aimed at obtaining varieties of soybean adaptive to acid soils and to obtain Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolates that can improve the agronomic characteristics of soybean and increase the ultisols fertility. This research was conducted in two-stages research on Sampali Village, Percut Sei Tuan sub-District, Deli Serdang District, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia from August 2019 until March 2020. The first stage (adaptive varieties screening) using the non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with the varieties of Argomulyo, Wilis, Kaba, Dena-1, Devon-1, Dega-1, Demas-1, Burangrang, Detam-1, and Kipas Merah. The second stage (application of PGPR isolates singly and in combinations) using the factorial RBD, the first factor of applicative single and the combination of PGPR isolates, the second factor of adaptive varieties including Detam-1 and Wilis. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and followed by DMRT at P<0.05. The results showed that the Detam-1 and Wilis varieties had significantly higher yield per plant of 14.73 g and 14.54 g, respectively, than other varieties. The applications of a single and combination of PGPR isolates significantly increased the number of branches, stem diameter, plant height, yield per plant, soil pH, organic-C, available-P, and total-N and decreased the soil C/N. The Detam-1 variety had the higher in yield per plant compared to Wilis variety. The isolates combination of Rhizobium leguminosarum+Rhizobium sp2+Bacillus sp+Burkholderia sp for Detam-1 and Wilis varieties can be recommended to support the growth and yield of soybean on ultisols.
A Review on the Application of Voltammetry in the Determination of Various Substances in Fruit Juices
Authors: Ortenero Joseph R. , Dugos Nathaniel P. , Soriano Allan N. , T. Borres Erika Mae , Juan Sing Ashley Mae T. , A. Pararuan Mike Dane , R. Tined Erika Leanne
Published: February 2022

Voltammetry is preferred amongst other detection techniques for vitamins and antioxidants because of its selectivity, sensitivity, ease of access, and inexpensive instrumentation. This study aims to assess and evaluate existing studies revolving around the voltammetric determination of vitamins and antioxidants of fruit juices, seeing as they are a rich source of vitamins and antioxidants, to find commonalities and trends over the years. Literature studies found differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) to be the most utilized determination method for vitamins and antioxidants, respectively. Electrode performance was also compared between bare and modified electrodes by comparing the limit of detection and recovery rate of each sample. Bare electrodes are found to be suitable for the detection of vitamins by having a high level of detection (LOD) values, but modified electrodes seemed to display enhanced performance when compared to the bare electrode. The optimal pH value of the supporting electrolyte in vitamins is 5.0 ≤ pH ≤ 7.0, while it was found that the optimal pH value for antioxidants was 2.0 ≤ pH ≤ 6.0. Voltammetric determination is highly dependent on the combination of the method, the material used in making the electrode, and the pH of the supporting electrolyte solution.
KANDUNGAN GIZI DAN INDEKS GLIKEMIK BUBUR AYAM BERBAHAN DASAR UBI JALAR (Ipomoea Batatas L)
Authors: Amirullah M. Fadil , Desfita Sri , Nurlisis Nurlisis , Ernalina Yanti
Published: February 2022

Diabetes militus (DM)  adalah keadaan hiperglikemik yang disebabkan oleh kekurangan insulin yang dihasilkan sel beta pangkreas sehingga menimbulkan kelainan metabolisme karbohidrat, protein,dan lemak. Pangan dengan  indeks glikemik (IG)  tinggi mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan terhadap kadar glukosa darah pasien DM, dimana pasien DM yang mengkonsumsi pangan indeks glikemik tinggi memiliki kadar glukosa darah yang tinggi. Saat ini bubur ayam menjadi makanan yang disukai oleh masyarakat umum, bagi penderita diabetes makanan itu tidak sepenuhnya bisa dinikmati dikarenakan kandungan IG dari beras 58 lebih tinggi dari pada ubi jalar yaitu 48. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan gizi dan indeks glikemik yang terkandung pada bubur ayam berbahan dasar ubi jalar. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian eksperiment dengan jumlah subjek 8 orang  Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa indeks glikemik bubur ayam berbahan  ubi jalar dengan mengunakan pangan roti tawar putih menunjukan bubur ayam berbahan dasar ubi jalar memiliki indeks glikemik 107, 36% termasuk dalm kategori indeks glikemik tinggi 70%. Komposisi zat gizi pada bubur ayam berbahan dasar ubi jalar yang diteliti yaitu protein 4,42 gram, lemak 1,30 gram, kharbohidrat 11,90 gram, serat 1,23 gram. Untuk para penderita diabetes ataupun prediabetes untuk tidak berlebihan dalam mengkonsumsi makanan yang bebahan dasar bubur, namun jika ingin memakan bubur juga diharapkan agar dapat mengkonsumsi dengan serat yang tinggi untuk menjaga kestabilan gula darah.
HUBUNGAN PEMBERIAN ASI DAN MPASI DENGAN TINGKAT KECUKUPAN GIZI BADUTA PADA KELUARGA NELAYAN
Authors: Kardyanti Novi , Suyatno Suyatno , Kartasurya Martha Irene
Published: February 2022

Praktik pemberian ASI dan MPASI perlu memperhatikan kualitas dan kuantitas yang sesuai agar asupan zat gizi baduta terpenuhi secara maksimal. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis hubungan pemberian ASI dan MPASI dengan tingkat kecukupan energi (TKE) dan protein (TKP) baduta usia 6-24 bulan di desa nelayan Kabupaten Demak.  Jenis penelitian explanatory research ini menggunakan desain cross sectional. Subjek penelitian (61 orang) dipilih secara purposive, menggunakan kriteria inklusi: masih diberi ASI, memiliki ayah nelayan serta tidak cacat fisik dan mental. Pengumpulan data dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Analisis dilakukan dengan uji korelasi Rank spearman, dan Chi Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata frekuensi pemberian ASI usia 6-12 bulan 9,1 kali/hari dan 12-24 bulan 6,9 kali/hari. Rerata durasi pemberian ASI 122,5 menit/hari. Baduta dengan pemberian MPASI lokal 65,6%, tekstur MPASI yang kurang sesuai 37,7%, rerata TKE 82,7%, kontribusi energi ASI 47,4%, kontribusi energi MPASI 40,5%, TKP 115,3%, kontribusi protein ASI 46,8%, kontribusi protein MPASI 84,5%. Ada hubungan antara frekuensi (p=0,008, r=0,336) dan durasi (p=0,001, r=0,412) pemberian ASI dengan TKE Baduta, tetapi tidak berhubungan dengan TKP baduta. Ada hubungan frekuensi pemberian MPASI (p=0,006, r=0,351) dan jenis MPASI (p=0,043) terhadap TKP Baduta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin bertambah usia baduta semakin sedikit kandungan zat gizi  yang di peroleh dari ASI, sehingga pemberian MPASI perlu diperhatikan baik dari frekuensi dan jenis MPASI yang diberikan.
HUBUNGAN FAKTOR PEKERJAAN DENGAN KELELAHAN KERJA PADA PEKERJA LAPANGAN PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN GEDUNG PT. X DI JAKARTA PUSAT TAHUN 2020
Authors: Sejati Sihotang Kartini Muladame , Amalia Rizki , Hardy Fathinah Ranggauni , Maharani Fandita Tonyka
Published: February 2022

Work fatigue can be determined by weakening the worker's body, impacting physical and mental performance decreasing. Job-related factors are one of the factors causing work fatigue, such as work duration, physical workload, and mental workload. This study aimed to determine the association between job factors and work fatigue among workers in PT. X building construction site at Central Jakarta. The research method used was quantitative analytic with a cross-sectional design. The research instrument used the IFRC questionnaire, NASA-TLX questionnaire, and pulse oxymeter. This research sample was 109 workers obtained with the accidental sampling technique, and data analyzed using the chi-square test. The results show that 50 workers (45.9%) had experienced a moderate category of work fatigue. The statistical analysis results showed a significant relationship between work duration (p-value = 0.000) and physical workload (p-value = 0.000) with work fatigue. Suggestions that need to be implemented by the company are to regulate work time and overtime according to applicable regulations and divide work shifts.
MANAJEMEN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA PADA PENEMPATAN TUGAS DAN FUNGSI KERJA DI UPT PUSKESMAS SERING
Authors: Gurning Fitriani Pramita , Al Wafi Lubis Muhammad Zayyan , Hasibuan Nurhabibah Rohayati , Adeliyani Mega
Published: February 2022

Salah satu sumber daya yang penting dalam manajemen adalah sumber daya manusia atau human resources. Pentingnya sumber daya manusia ini, perlu disadari oleh semua tingkatan manajemen. Bagaimanapun majunya teknologi saat ini, namun faktor manusia tetap memegang peranan penting bagi keberhasilan suatu Puskesmas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui manajemen SDM pada perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pengarahan, dan pengendalian terhadap penempatan tugas dan fungsi kerja petugas di UPT Puskesmas Sering. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalahpenelitian kualitatif yaitu pengamatan, wawancara mendalam (indepthinterview) dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa manajemen sumber daya manusia pada penempatan kerja di UPTD Puskesmas Sering belum maksimal dikarnakan masih kekurangan tenaga kesehatan yang mengakibatkan penempatan kerja yang tidak sesuai disiplin ilmu. Perlu mengatur kembali sumber daya manusia kesehatan yang sesuai dengan tugas dan fungsi Perlu segera dilakukan pelatihan untuk manajemen puskesmas secara berkala dan berkesinambungan agar sistem manajemen sumber daya manusia kesehatan di puskesmas lebih baik.
PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP, DAN PRAKTIK MENGENAI HIGIENE PERSONAL SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN COVID-19 DI PROVINSI DKI JAKARTA
Authors: Zuriyanda Kamila Nandita , Darundiati Yusniar Hanani , Sulistiyani Sulistiyani
Published: February 2022

COVID-19 is disease caused by SARS-CoV2 and becoming world concern because large number of cases and fast transmission between humans. Therefore, it is needed of knowledge, attitude, and practice of personal hygiene as primary pervention during COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this research is to find out the knowledge, attitude, and practice of personal hygiene as COVID-19 pervention in DKI Jakarta. This was descriptive research with cross-sectional study design. The data research was using googleform online questionnaire. Sample of this research are 150 respondents aged 15-29 years old in DKI Jakarta during COVID-19 pandemic. Data analysis using univariate and bivariate (chi square). Based on the research results, it was found that the majority of respondents had 51.3% moderate knowledge, 56% moderate attitudes, 84.7% moderate practice, and there was significant relationship between knowledge and attitudes (p-value=0,04) but there is no significant relationship between attitude and practice (p-value=0.086). It can be concluded that respondents already have moderate knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding personal hygiene in the prevention of COVID-19. It’s hoped that the public will always follow the development of information regarding the prevention of COVID-19, especially regarding hand hygiene, the ethics of coughing or sneezing and practicing it in everyday life.
Covalent fragment-based ligand screening approaches for identification of novel ubiquitin proteasome system modulators
Authors: Rothweiler Elisabeth M. , Brennan Paul E. , Huber Kilian V. M.
Published: February 2022

Ubiquitination is a key regulatory mechanism vital for maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Protein degradation is induced by E3 ligases via attachment of ubiquitin chains to substrates. Pharmacological exploitation of this phenomenon via targeted protein degradation (TPD) can be achieved with molecular glues or bifunctional molecules facilitating the formation of ternary complexes between an E3 ligase and a given protein of interest (POI), resulting in ubiquitination of the substrate and subsequent proteolysis by the proteasome. Recently, the development of novel covalent fragment screening approaches has enabled the identification of first-in-class ligands for E3 ligases and deubiquitinases revealing so far unexplored binding sites which highlights the potential of these methods to uncover and expand druggable space for new target classes.
Effect of surface roughness on the kinetics of mass transfer during gas carburizing *
Authors: Karabelchtchikova O. , Brown A. , Sisson R. D.
Published: February 2022

Despite its worldwide application, gas carburizing faces certain challenges in control and variability. No current carburization model accounts for the effect of surface roughness and is able to predict observed case depth variations. An investigation of the effect of surface roughness on gas carburizing performance, with the aim of developing a functional relationship between surface roughness and the mass transfer coefficient, is reported. A further objective was to model surface roughness effects on the carbon concentration profile and corresponding case depth variations. A scanning laser microscope was used to measure 3D roughness parameters and surface area of AISI 8620 steel samples subject to various surface preparation operations. Carburizing response was analyzed in terms of weight gain, microhardness and carbon concentration profiles. The weight gain and surface carbon concentration were used to calculate the mass transfer coefficient. The carburizing kinetics was found to be directly proportional to the surface roughness and was a function of surface area available for carbon transfer. The calculated mass transfer coefficients and mass transfer coefficients from the literature were used as input to the carburization model. Experimentally determined concentration profiles validated the model prediction. It is included that the model can be used to estimate initial surface conditions to improve carburizing performance and for effective process control. ▪
Kornwachstumsverhalten des Einsatzstahles 20NiMoCr6-5 + Nb (VW 4521 + Nb) für Getriebeteile beim Hochtemperaturaufkohlen *
Authors: Klenke K. , Kohlmann R. , Reinhold P. , Schweinebraten W.
Published: February 2022

Kurzfassung

Aus Gründen der Kostenersparnis sollte der in großen Mengen verarbeitete Einsatzstahl VW 4521 (20NiMoCr6-5, 1.6757) statt bei 980 °C 4 h bei 1050 °C 2,5 h aufgekohlt werden. Aufgrund neuerer Erkenntnisse zur Feinkornstabilisierung wurde entschieden, dass eine Zulegierung mit Niob erfolgen sollte. Die Weiterverarbeitung einer Industrieschmelze zu ausgewalztem Stabstahl wurde über Glühen auf ferritisch-perlitisches Gefüge (FP-Glühen) zum Kaltmassivumformen und alternativ über Warmschmieden mit gesteuerter Abkühlung durchgeführt. Vor Beginn der Einsatzbehandlung der Getriebeteile im Betrieb wurden Simulationen im Labor zu diesem Prozess zur begleitenden Absicherung des Behandlungserfolges angestellt. Der neue Stahl VW 4521 + Nb erwies sich bei der erhöhten Aufkohlungstemperatur als feinkornbeständig und dem Standardstahl überlegen. Im Betriebsdurchlauf konnte die Ofentaktzeit um etwa 50 % erhöht werden. Die Überprüfung von Maßabweichungen und Verzügen zeigte eine weitere Überlegenheit hinsichtlich einer deutlichen Reduzierung und damit einer Verringerung von Nacharbeiten. Die intensive projektbegleitende Zusammenarbeit zwischen Hersteller des Rohstahles, Zwischenverarbeiter und Automobilhersteller sowie der Labor-Simulation der anzuwendenden Prozesse hat sich als hochwertig im Sinne der Qualitätssicherung in der Wärmebehandlung erwiesen. Das Projekt konnte in nur 21 Monaten nach der ersten Anfrage erfolgreich abgeschlossen werden.▪
Crowdsourced PrEP Promotion Messages for an HIV High-Burden Area: A Framework-Based Content Analysis
Authors: Eschliman Evan L. , Uzzi Mudia , White Jordan J. , Mathews Allison , Henry Marcus , Moran Meghan B. , Page Kathleen , Latkin Carl A. , Tucker Joseph D. , Yang Cui
Published: February 2022

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an important and highly effective HIV prevention strategy, but its uptake remains low, particularly among marginalized populations at high risk of HIV. Innovative and community-driven promotion strategies, such as open contests, are needed to address disparities. This directed content analysis uses a PrEP-specific adaptation of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model to identify themes related to PrEP use reflected in community-generated submissions (n = 73) from an open contest conducted to elicit crowdsourced health promotion messages on PrEP in Baltimore, Maryland. In addition to identifying eight of the themes from the adapted IMB model, this analysis also identified two novel salient themes in the motivation category: self-worth/self-love and self-care practice. Findings from this analysis can inform PrEP promotion efforts by pointing to salient themes identified from a community-driven approach that are less well represented in existing research.
The Militant Young Minister
Authors: Foster Lorn S.
Published: February 2022

During 1940–1950, Reverend Clayton D. Russell was a leading African American pastor in Los Angeles and one of the city’s most prominent “race men,” advocating for African Americans in jobs, transportation, civil rights, and education. He also ran for public office and served as a delegate to the Democratic National Convention. His primary platform was the pastorship of the People’s Independent Church of Christ. He also headed the Negro Victory Committee, which was both an advocacy group and a protest organization; and served as president of the Negro Victory Markets, a food cooperative for African Americans in Los Angeles. Russell’s ministry served both the sacred and the secular interests of African Americans in Los Angeles during the 1940s. He was very successful in using his radio ministry to speak to and advocate for African American interests.
Pengaruh Penambahan Bioaktivator Terhadap Peningkatan Unsur Hara Pupuk Kandang Dan Aplikasinya Pada Pertumbuhan Tanaman Salak Pascaerupsi Merapi
Authors: Achmad Chusnul Adib
Published: February 2022

The volcanic ash resulting from the eruption of Merapi Mount entered the pore space of the soil and affected the growth of salak plants. Post-eruption repair and recovery efforts must be carried out immediately through the use of manure with the addition of bio activators. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of adding different bio activators on the increase in the nutrient content of manure and zalacca plant growth and to determine the types of bio activators that can increase nutrient content and growth of salak pondok plants. This research was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD). With a single factor, namely the difference in manure bio activators consisting of three levels, namely: manure with bio activator EM4, manure with bio activator Orgadec, and manure without bio activator. The results showed that manure with bio activator EM4 produced the highest nutrient content, including nitrogen at 1.14%, phosphate by 4.20%, and potassium at 0.74%. Manure with the addition of bio activator EM4 resulted in the lowest C / N ratio value of 8.33 and a pH value of 7.70. Measurement of plant height growth research parameters showed significantly different results. The results of measurements on the plant dry weight were not significantly different in the control and bio activator EM treatments

Keywords: Keyword : manure nutrient, soil nutrient, bioactivator, hara pupuk kandang, hara tanah, bioaktivator

 

Debu vulkanik akibat erupsi Gunung Merapi masuk ke dalam pori-pori tanah dan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman salak. Upaya perbaikan dan pemulihan pasca erupsi harus segera dilakukan melalui penggunaan pupuk kandang dengan penambahan bio activator. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh penambahan berbagai bio aktivator terhadap peningkatan kandungan hara pupuk kandang dan pertumbuhan tanaman salak serta untuk mengetahui jenis bio aktivator yang dapat meningkatkan kandungan hara dan pertumbuhan tanaman salak pondok. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Dengan faktor tunggal yaitu perbedaan bio activator pupuk kandang yang terdiri dari tiga taraf yaitu: pupuk kandang dengan bio activator EM4, pupuk kandang dengan bio activator Orgadec, dan pupuk kandang tanpa bio activator. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pupuk kandang dengan bio activator EM4 menghasilkan kandungan hara tertinggi, meliputi nitrogen 1,14%, fosfat 4,20%, dan kalium 0,74%. Pupuk kandang dengan penambahan bio aktivator EM4 menghasilkan nilai rasio C / N terendah sebesar 8,33 dan nilai pH 7,70. Pengukuran parameter penelitian pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda nyata. Hasil pengukuran bobot kering tanaman tidak berbeda nyata pada perlakuan kontrol dan bio aktivator EM

Keywords: Keyword : manure nutrient, soil nutrient, bioactivator, hara pupuk kandang, hara tanah, bioaktivator
Estimasi Kandungan Biomassa dan Simpanan Karbon Hutan Mangrove, Mangunharjo, Semarang
Authors: Apriliana Wahyu Ika , Purwanti Frida , Latifah Nurul
Published: February 2022

Mangrove forest is one of the coastal ecosystems that have a role for mitigating global warming in absorbing carbon from the atmosphere and storing it in the form of biomass. The aim of this research to know the content of biomass and carbon storage on the stems, carbon storage in sediments and estimation CO2 absorption of mangrove stems and sediment. This research was conducted in March 2021 in the Mangunharjo mangrove forest. The method used on this research is a survey method and using purposive samplimg to take samples in three research station by three plot transect. Analysis for the carbon storage in the stem using non-destructive method with allometric equations, while in the sediment using the LOI (Loss on Ignition) method. The result of biomass content and carbon storage in the mangrove stems 341,02 tons/ha and 156,87 tons/ha, carbon storage in the sediment 52,24 tons/ha and estimation CO2 absorption of mangrove stems and sediment based on carbon storage is 575,71 tons/ha, dan 191,73 tons/ha. Based on this research, the largest carbon storage and estimation CO2 absorption was on the stems of mangrove.

 

Hutan mangrove merupakan salah satu ekositem pesisir yang berperan dalam mitigasi pemanasan global dengan menyerap karbon dari atmosfer dan menyimpannya dalam bentuk biomassa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kandungan biomassa dan simpanan karbon pada tegakan, nilai simpanan karbon pada sedimen serta estimasi kemampuan tegakan dan sedimen dalam menyerap CO2. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret 2021 di hutan mangrove, Mangunharjo. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survey dan metode yang digunakan untuk mengambil sampel adalah purposive sampling yang dilakukan di 3 stasiun penelitian. Analisis untuk menghitung simpanan karbon di tegakan mangrove menggunakan metode non destructive dengan persaaman allometrik, sedangkan di sedimen menggunakan metode LOI (Loss on Ignition).  Hasil nilai biomassa dan simpanan karbon pada tegakan mangrove yaitu 341,02 ton/ha, dan 156,87 ton/ha, simpanan karbon pada sedimen yaitu 52,24 ton/ha dan estimasi serapan CO2 pada tegakan dan sedimen berdasarkan simpanan karbon 575,71 ton/ha, dan 191,73 ton/ha. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian penyimpan karbon dan penyerap CO2 terbesar berada pada tegakan mangrove.