bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Assessment of Wind and Wave Retrieval from Chinese Gaofen-3 SAR Imagery
Authors: Shao Weizeng , Sheng Yexin , Sun Jian
Published: July 2017

The Chinese Gaofen-3 (GF-3) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) launched by the China Academy of Space Technology (CAST) has operated at C-band since September 2016. To date, we have collected 16/42 images in vertical-vertical (VV)/horizontal-horizontal (HH) polarization, covering the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) buoy measurements of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) around U.S. western coastal waters. Wind speeds from NDBC in situ buoys are up to 15 m/s and buoy-measured significant wave height (SWH) has ranged from 0.5 m to 3 m. In this study, winds were retrieved using the geophysical model function (GMF) together with the polarization ratio (PR) model and waves were retrieved using a new empirical algorithm based on SAR cutoff wavelength in satellite flight direction, herein called CSAR_WAVE. Validation against buoy measurements shows a 1.4/1.9 m/s root mean square error (RMSE) of wind speed and a 24/23% scatter index (SI) of SWH for VV/HH polarization. In addition, wind and wave retrieval results from 166 GF-3 images were compared with the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) re-analysis winds, as well as the SWH from the WaveWatch-III model, respectively. Comparisons show a 2.0 m/s RMSE for wind speed with a 36% SI of SWH for VV-polarization and a 2.2 m/s RMSE for wind speed with a 37% SI of SWH for HH-polarization. Our work gives a preliminary assessment of the wind and wave retrieval results from GF-3 SAR images for the first time and will provide guidance for marine applications of GF-3 SAR.
Grading of Chinese Cantonese Sausage Using Hyperspectral Imaging Combined with Chemometric Methods
Authors: Gong Aiping , Zhu Susu , He Yong , Zhang Chu
Published: July 2017

Fast and accurate grading of Chinese Cantonese sausage is an important concern for customers, organizations, and the industry. Hyperspectral imaging in the spectral range of 874–1734 nm, combined with chemometric methods, was applied to grade Chinese Cantonese sausage. Three grades of intact and sliced Cantonese sausages were studied, including the top, first, and second grades. Support vector machine (SVM) and random forests (RF) techniques were used to build two different models. Second derivative spectra and RF were applied to select optimal wavelengths. The optimal wavelengths were the same for intact and sliced sausages when selected from second derivative spectra, while the optimal wavelengths for intact and sliced sausages selected using RF were quite similar. The SVM and RF models, using full spectra and the optimal wavelengths, obtained acceptable results for intact and sliced sausages. Both models for intact sausages performed better than those for sliced sausages, with a classification accuracy of the calibration and prediction set of over 90%. The overall results indicated that hyperspectral imaging combined with chemometric methods could be used to grade Chinese Cantonese sausages, with intact sausages being better suited for grading. This study will help to develop fast and accurate online grading of Cantonese sausages, as well as other sausages.
Are Spatial Planning Objectives Reflected in the Evolution of Urban Landscape Patterns? A Framework for the Evaluation of Spatial Planning Outcomes
Authors: Grădinaru Simona , Iojă Cristian , Pătru-Stupariu Ileana , Hersperger Anna
Published: July 2017

The evaluation of spatial planning results, or outcomes, has been rather neglected by scholars and practitioners. The causes of this neglect are linked to the characteristics of the planning systems in use or difficulties in quantifying results. To advance the state of the art of outcome evaluation, this paper focuses on assessing the implementation of national spatial planning objectives in urban landscapes through the use of an evaluation framework, which makes use of spatially explicit information. The framework is built around four dimensions, which reflect the main domains of spatial planning: efficient built-up development, conservation of agricultural land, landscape preservation and human perception. Indicators that are capable of capturing landscape changes in both time and space are used to verify the degree of conformance between adopted objectives and actual development patterns. We make use of spatially explicit data, as well as assess whether and where landscape changes occurred, by integrating the framework into a multi-criteria analysis. In the present study, the framework is tested in two study areas located in Switzerland and Romania, while the results are interpreted from the perspective of spatial planning approaches in the two countries. The efficiency and utility of the framework are demonstrated by the ability to provide valuable information that facilitates improvement in the performance of planning processes, such as identifying where the implementation of objectives is less effective, and the domains of affected spatial planning. Our findings indicate that the distance between objectives and outcomes can be attributed to differences in countries’ spatial planning approaches, which should also be placed into the wider economic, institutional and legislative context. Our study provides valuable insights for the integration of time series of spatial data into the evaluation procedure.
Climatic and Environmental Changes Affecting Communities in Atlantic Canada
Authors: Vasseur Liette , Thornbush Mary , Plante Steve
Published: July 2017

Small rural coastal communities located in Atlantic Canada are vulnerable to the effects of climate and environmental changes. Major storms have impounded the coastline, causing much physical damage and affecting the socioeconomics of these communities that are composed of an aging population. The current study relays findings based on interviews completed in 2011–2012, following the 2010 winter storms in Atlantic Canada. It portrays the physical and social–ecological impacts affecting 10 coastal communities located in the provinces of Québec, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island. Semi-structured interviews held in these provinces are the basis for the contributions of this research. The findings reveal physical changes related to coastal erosion from high-wave impacts and storm surge causing flooding of the coastal zone. Also considered are strategies preferred and actually implemented by residents, such as building of protection walls, although undesirable. Due to funding constraints, however, many of these large-scale flood protection projects are not possible without governmental support. Instead, it is suggested that development be controlled and some respondents in this study upheld that relocation be used to alleviate the situation. Finally, more work is required to improve emergency planning. Better concerted short- and long-term responses need to be coordinated by local authorities and higher up in the government in order to ensure the sustainability of these coastal communities.
Subsidies in Aviation
Authors: Gössling Stefan , Fichert Frank , Forsyth Peter
Published: July 2017

Relatively little attention has been paid to the existence of subsidies in aviation. As the sector’s importance for economic development is often highlighted, this paper seeks to provide a conceptual overview of the various forms of subsidies in aviation, as a contribution to a more holistic understanding of economic interrelationships. Based on a purposive sampling strategy, existing forms of subsidies are identified and categorized along the value chain. Focus is on industrialized countries, for which more information is available. Results indicate that significant subsidies are extended to manufacturers, infrastructure providers and airlines. These contribute to global economic growth related to aviation, but they also influence capacity in global aviation markets, strengthen the market position of individual airlines, and create conflicts between airlines and the countries they are based in. While the actual scale of subsidies cannot be determined within the scope of this paper, it provides a discussion of options to empirically assess the effects of aviation subsidies on market outcomes. Finally, general conclusions regarding the impact of subsidies on the overall sustainability of the air transport sector are drawn: These include rapidly growing capacity in the aviation system, economic vulnerabilities, and negative climate change related impacts. Results call for a better understanding of the distribution, character and implications of subsidies.
Opposition and Identicalness: Two Basic Components of Adults’ Perception and Mental Representation of Symmetry
Authors: Bianchi Ivana , Bertamini Marco , Burro Roberto , Savardi Ugo
Published: July 2017

Symmetry is a salient aspect of biological and man-made objects, and has a central role in perceptual organization. Two studies investigate the role of opposition and identicalness in shaping adults’ naïve idea of “symmetry”. In study 1, both verbal descriptions of symmetry (either provided by the participants or selected from among alternatives presented by the experimenter) and configurations drawn as exemplars of symmetry were studied. In study 2, a pair comparison task was used. Both studies focus on configurations formed by two symmetrical shapes (i.e., between-objects symmetry). Three main results emerged. The explicit description of symmetry provided by participants generally referred to features relating to the relationship perceived between the two shapes and not to geometrical point-by-point transformations. Despite the fact that people tended to avoid references to opposition in their verbal definition of symmetry in study 1, the drawings that they did to represent their prototypical idea of symmetry manifested opposition as a basic component. This latter result was confirmed when the participants were asked to select the definition (in study 1) or the configuration (in study 2) that best fitted with their idea of symmetry. In conclusion, identicalness is an important component in people’s naïve idea of symmetry, but it does not suffice: opposition complements it.
Solving Multi-Objective Matrix Games with Fuzzy Payoffs through the Lower Limit of the Possibility Degree
Authors: Qiu Dong , Xing Yumei , Chen Shuqiao
Published: July 2017

In this article, we put forward the multi-objective matrix game model based on fuzzy payoffs. In order to solve the game model, we first discuss the relationship of two fuzzy numbers via the lower limit - 1 2 of the possibility degree. Then, utilizing this relationship, we conclude that the equilibrium solution of this game model and the optimal solution of multicriteria linear optimization problems are of equal value. Finally, to illustrate the effectiveness and correctness of the obtained model, an example is provided.
Different Metabolic Pathways Are Involved in Response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to L-A and M Viruses
Authors: Lukša Juliana , Ravoitytė Bazilė , Konovalovas Aleksandras , Aitmanaitė Lina , Butenko Anzhelika , Yurchenko Vyacheslav , Serva Saulius , Servienė Elena
Published: July 2017

Competitive and naturally occurring yeast killer phenotype is governed by coinfection with dsRNA viruses. Long-term relationship between the host cell and viruses appear to be beneficial and co-adaptive; however, the impact of viral dsRNA on the host gene expression has barely been investigated. Here, we determined the transcriptomic profiles of the host Saccharomyces cerevisiae upon the loss of the M-2 dsRNA alone and the M-2 along with the L-A-lus dsRNAs. We provide a comprehensive study based on the high-throughput RNA-Seq data, Gene Ontology and the analysis of the interaction networks. We identified 486 genes differentially expressed after curing yeast cells of the M-2 dsRNA and 715 genes affected by the elimination of both M-2 and L-A-lus dsRNAs. We report that most of the transcriptional responses induced by viral dsRNAs are moderate. Differently expressed genes are related to ribosome biogenesis, mitochondrial functions, stress response, biosynthesis of lipids and amino acids. Our study also provided insight into the virus–host and virus–virus interplays.
Comparing the Spectroscopic and Molecular Characteristics of Different Dissolved Organic Matter Fractions Isolated by Hydrophobic and Anionic Exchange Resins Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy and FT-ICR-MS
Authors: Derrien Morgane , Lee Yun , Hur Jin
Published: July 2017

Despite the environmental significance of dissolved organic matter (DOM), characterizing DOM is still challenging due to its structural complexity and heterogeneity. In this study, three different chemical fractions, including hydrophobic acid (HPOA), transphilic acid (TPIA), and hydrophilic neutral and base (HPIN/B) fractions, were separated from bulk aquatic DOM samples, and their spectral features and the chemical composition at the molecular level were compared using both fluorescence excitation emission matrix-parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). The HPIN/B fraction was distinguished from the two acidic fractions (i.e., HPOA and TPIA) by the EEM-PARAFAC, while the TPIA fraction was discriminated by using the molecular parameters derived from the FT-ICR MS analyses. Statistical comparison suggests that the spectral dissimilarity among the three chemical fractions might result from the acido-basic properties of DOM samples, while the differences in molecular composition were more likely to be affected by the hydrophobicity of the DOM fractions. The non-metric multidimensional scaling map further revealed that the HPOA was the most heterogeneous among the three fractions. The number of overlapping formulas among the three chemical fractions constituted only <5% of all identified formulas, and those between two different fractions ranged from 2.0% to 24.1%, implying relatively homogeneous properties of the individual chemical fractions with respect to molecular composition. Although employing chemical fractionation achieved a lowering of the DOM heterogeneity, prevalent signatures of either acido-basic property or the hydrophobic nature of DOM on the characteristics of three chemical isolated fractions were not found for this study.
Herschel and Hubble Study of a Lensed Massive Dusty Starbursting Galaxy at z ∼ 3∗
Authors: Nayyeri H. , Cooray A. , Jullo E. , Riechers D. A. , Leung T. K. D. , Frayer D. T. , Gurwell M. A. , Harris A. I. , Ivison R. J. , Negrello M. , Oteo I. , Amber S. , Baker A. J. , Calanog J. , Casey C. M. , Dannerbauer H. , De Zotti G. , Eales S. , Fu H. , Michałowski M. J. , Timmons N. , Wardlow J. L.
Published: July 2017

We present the results of combined deep Keck/NIRC2, HST/WFC3 near-infrared, and Herschel far-infrared observations of an extremely star-forming dusty lensed galaxy identified from the Herschel Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey (H-ATLAS J133542.9+300401). The galaxy is gravitationally lensed by a massive WISE-identified galaxy cluster at z ∼ 1. The lensed galaxy is spectroscopically confirmed at z = 2.685 from detection of

by GBT and from detection of

obtained with CARMA. We use the combined spectroscopic and imaging observations to construct a detailed model of the background dusty lensed submillimeter galaxy (SMG), which allows us to study the source plane properties of the target. The best-fit lens model provides magnifications of μ
star = 2.10 ± 0.11 and μ
dust = 2.02 ± 0.06 for the stellar and dust components, respectively. Multiband data yield a magnification-corrected star formation rate of 1900(±200) M
⊙ yr−1 and a stellar mass of

, consistent with a main sequence of star formation at z ∼ 2.6. The CO observations yield a molecular gas mass of 8.3(±1.0) × 1010
M
⊙, similar to the most massive star-forming galaxies, which together with the high star formation efficiency, are responsible for the intense observed star formation rates. The lensed SMG has a very short gas depletion timescale of ∼40 Myr. The high stellar mass and small gas fractions observed indicate that the lensed SMG likely has already formed most of its stellar mass and could be a progenitor of the most massive elliptical galaxies found in the local universe.
Throwing Icebergs at White Dwarfs
Authors: Stephan Alexander P. , Naoz Smadar , Zuckerman B.
Published: July 2017

White dwarfs (WDs) have atmospheres that are expected to consist nearly entirely of hydrogen and helium, since heavier elements will sink out of sight on short timescales. However, observations have revealed atmospheric pollution by heavier elements in about a quarter to a half of all WDs. While most of the pollution can be accounted for with asteroidal or dwarf planetary material, recent observations indicate that larger planetary bodies, as well as icy and volatile material from Kuiper belt analog objects, are also viable sources of pollution. The commonly accepted pollution mechanisms, namely scattering interactions between planetary bodies orbiting the WDs, can hardly account for pollution by objects with large masses or long-period orbits. Here we report on a mechanism that naturally leads to the emergence of massive body and icy and volatile material pollution. This mechanism occurs in wide binary stellar systems, where the mass loss of the planets’ host stars during post main sequence stellar evolution can trigger the Eccentric Kozai–Lidov mechanism. This mechanism leads to large eccentricity excitations, which can bring massive and long-period objects close enough to the WDs to be accreted. We find that this mechanism readily explains and is consistent with observations.
Verrucous-Keratotic Malignant Melanoma (VKMM)
Authors: Damianov Nikolay , Tronnier Michael , Koleva Nely , Wollina Uwe , Gianfaldoni Serena , Lotti Torello , Lotti Jacopo , França Katlein , Batashki Atanas , Mangarov Hristo , Tchernev Georgi
Published: July 2017

We report a patient with a verrucous keratotic variant of melanoma visiting the policlinic of Medical Institute of Ministry of Interior (MVR-Sofia), Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic surgery, with a keratotic verrucous lesion, located on the right thigh, partially deeply pigmented at upper right quadrant. The lesion had appeared three years ago before her presentation in the policlinic, and it had gradually enlarged and become darker in the last twelve months. The surface of the lesion was covered with thick hyperkeratotic lobules. The histologic evaluation revealed verrucous melanoma with a tumour thickness of 3 mm and Clark Level IV and focal ulceration. The tumour was staged as stage IIB (T3bN0M0). Sentinel lymph node biopsy was planned. Verrucous-keratotic forms of malignant melanoma occur more commonly in women and favour the extremities, but may be found on any anatomic site. Seventy-one percent of this melanoma type are situated on the upper and lower extremities. Although two-thirds of these neoplasms can be can be histologically graded according to the classification of Clark, one-third of these melanomas with marked verrucous hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis of the epidermis do not fit into his classification. Histological classification of patients with a verrucous keratotic type of melanoma may sometimes be extremely difficult. The marked papilliferous architecture of these lesions made an assessment of Breslow depth difficult. The presented case highlights the clinical existence and features of such benign-looking melanomas. It is therefore important for surgical pathologists to recognise this unusual variant of malignant melanoma, as it may be confused both clinically and pathologically with benign lesions.
Basal Cell Carcinoma Surgery: Simple Undermining Approach in Two Patients with Different Tumour Locations
Authors: Tchernev Georgi , Voicu Cristiana , Mihai Mara , Tebeica Tiberiu , Koleva Nely , Wollina Uwe , Lotti Torello , Mangarov Hristo , Bakardzhiev Ilko , Lotti Jacopo , França Katlein , Batashki Atanas , Patterson James W.
Published: July 2017

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common human malignancy, accounting for the majority of all non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC). In the past several decades the worldwide incidence of BCC has constantly been increasing. Even though it is a slow growing tumour that, left untreated, rarely metastasizes, it has a distinctive invasive growth pattern, posing a considerable risk for local invasion and destruction of underlying tissues, such as muscle, cartilage, bone or vital structures. Advanced BCCs include such locally invasive or metastatic tumours. Complete surgical excision is the standard therapy for most uncomplicated BCC cases with good prognosis and cure rates. Treatment of advanced forms of BCCs poses significant therapeutic challenges, most often requiring complicated surgery, radiotherapy, and/or targeted therapies directed towards the sonic hedgehog signalling pathway (SHH). We present two cases of large BCCs located on the scalp and posterior thorax, which underwent surgical excision with clear margins, followed by reconstruction of the defect after extensive undermining of the skin.
Crédito privado en Castilla a fines del siglo XV. Una introducción a su estudio
Authors: Carvajal de la Vega David
Published: July 2017

Durante las últimas décadas, la historiografía internacional ha dedicado numerosos esfuerzos a entender el papel jugado por el crédito privado en las economías de la época medieval y moderna. Los puntos de vista analizados han abarcado, entre otros, los aspectos legales, sociales y económicos del crédito. En este sentido, aprovechando el contexto social y económico castellano a fines del medievo e inicios de la modernidad, el presente trabajo pretende exponer algunas de las claves fundamentales del crédito privado en Castilla. El análisis integrado de los fundamentos teóricos del crédito, de su aplicación y de su repercusión en el desarrollo de las relaciones sociales conforma un campo con grandes posibilidades.
Parentesco y poder: el ascenso social de la familia Mújica a la corte de los Reyes Católicos
Authors: García Fernández Ernesto
Published: July 2017

La documentación escrita referente a las altas instancias políticas del Reino de Castilla a fines de la Edad Media no suele descuidar ni el nombre, ni los servicios encomendados por los reyes a los servidores que sustentaron el entramado institucional del Estado. Ahora bien, no siempre es fácil llegar a conocer los tejidos sociofamiliares en que se cimentó el ascenso de estos administradores y gestores de la Corona, ni tampoco las relaciones establecidas entre ellos y con otras familias destacadas. En este sentido, el entramado sociofamiliar de los Mújica constituye un buen ejemplo de la importancia que tuvieron los lazos de parentesco en su promoción política. Pero no menos relevante es señalar el destacado papel desempeñado por algunas familias de la nobleza no titulada en la construcción de la Corte castellana configurada por los Reyes Católicos.
El punt de ruptura entre Tomàs d’Aquino i Vicent Ferrer, o la possibilitat de conèixer els temps finals
Authors: Mensa i Valls Jaume
Published: July 2017

[ca] Aquest article compara les tesis de Tomàs d’Aquino i Vicent Ferrer sobre la possibilitat de conèixer els temps finals per revelació bíblica. Durant temps Vicent Ferrer seguí les idees del Doctor Comú, però entre els anys 1408 i 1412, se n’apartà. L’anàlisi de dos sermons i una lletra vicentins escrits entre aquests anys permeten de constatar la seva evolució. Vicent Ferrer passa de la negativa categòrica (tomista) a afirmar la possibilitat, necessitat i conveniència de conèixer aquells temps finals. El punt de ruptura entre ambdós autors es produeix en la seva exegesi de Fets dels Apòstols I,7.
Effect of Chlorine Ion on the Corrosion of 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Aghababaie Eiman , Javadinejad Hamid Reza , Saboktakin Rizi Mohsen , Ebrahimian Marzieh
Published: July 2017

In this study corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel has been investigated in a solution containing different percentages of hypochloric solution. In order to examine the rate and mechanism of the occurrence of pitting corrosion in this steel, various corrosion tests have been used. In addition, the locale of the pitting corrosion has been examined by scanning electron microscope. Results show that the presence of chlorine ion with the increase of cathodic reaction rates cause to increase the likelihood of pitting corrosion in 316L steel.
Minimally Invasive Aesthetic Solutions - Porcelain Veneers and Lumineers
Authors: Zlatanovska Katerina , Dimova Cena , Zarkova-Atanasova Julija
Published: July 2017

Porcelain veneers present a conservative solution for patients who demand improvement of the shape, position and color of their anterior teeth without the removal of substantial amounts of tooth substance. No-or minimal-preparation veneers associated with enamel preservation offer an excellent results in aesthetic dentistry and become an essential component in creating restorations that are functional and have increased longevity. The current literature was reviewed to search for the most essential parameters which have influence on the long-term success and correct application of porcelain veneers.
Zirconia Biocompatibility in Animal Studies - A Systematic Review
Authors: Popescu Sanda Mihaela , Manolea Horia Octavian , Diaconu Oana Andreea , Mercuţ Veronica , Scrieciu Monica , Dascălu Ionela Teodora , Ţuculină Mihaela Jana , Obădan Florian , Popescu Florin Dan
Published: July 2017

Zirconia is a metal used in dental implantology. Its biocompatibility was studied in vitro and in vivo, results of the studies being analyzed in reviews and meta analyses. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate biocompatibility of zirconia in animal studies in vivo expressed as results of histomorphometric tests. Databases were searched from 1980 until February 2016, with different combination of the following MeSH terms: zirconium, biocompatibility, dental implants, in vivo, animal studies. Letters to the editors, case reports, commentaries, review articles and articles published in other languages then English were excluded. The search of PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases yielded 690 titles. After abstract screening and duplicate discarding 50 articles were identified and finally, 40 were included in the review. Most of the studies compared zirconia with titanium, a well established material for dental implants. In majority of the studies zirconia showed a similar osseointegration with titanium. Surface implant treatments, like sandblasted and etched zirconia (ZrO2-SLA), alumina toughed zirconia (ATZ), and powder injection molding (PIM) were used to improve osseointegration of zirconia with good results. In the light of histomorphometric test, zirconia, no matter physical and structural forms tested, is a biocompatible material.
The Use of Graft Materials and Platelet Rich Plasma in Oral Surgery
Authors: Dimova Cena , Evrosimovska Biljana , Popovska Mirjana
Published: July 2017

The aim of this paper is to highlight the classification and indications of different bone grafting materials and barrier membrane for everyday clinical practice of contemporary work in the field of oral surgery and periodontology. Number of different growth factors are used together with graft materials. Among these are platelet rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF). With the simplified technique, an autologous fibrin matrix, which contains platelets and leucocyte growth factors, is acquired.
A Study on Revealing Agents in the Context of Photodynamic Therapy in Dental Medicine - A Literature Review
Authors: Dascalu (Rusu) Monica Laura , Sarosi Codruta , Moldovan Marioara , Badea Mândra Eugenia
Published: July 2017

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) also known as Phototherapy or Photo chemotherapy involves the use of a photoactive dye (photosensitive) which is activated by exposure to light of a certain wavelength in the presence of oxygen. Dentists have to deal regularly with oral infections which untreated may cause systemic infections. Oral infections such as caries, periodontal infections and infections of the oral mucosa are available lighting so photodynamic therapy is particularly suitable for oral diseases [1,2]. Antimicrobial chemical treatment is nowadays widely used in the prophylaxis and treatment of inflammation-induced plaque with the risk of resistance development. The use of photodynamic therapy as a therapeutic approach can eliminate this risk, however. Studies in the literature show that both Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria are susceptible to the treatment. Among the advantages of using this method is counted rapid elimination of bacteria, minimal chances of developing bacterial resistance and safety in terms of host tissue and existing normal microflora in the oral cavity [3]. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) by photochemical reaction uses light at a specific wavelength to activate a nontoxic photosensitizer (PS) in the presence of oxygen to produce cytotoxic products. There are different PSs used in dentistry including methylene blue (MB), toluidine blue O (TBO), indocyanine green (ICG) and curcumin [4].
Current Options of Making Implant Supported Prosthetic Restorations to Mitigate the Impact of Occlusal Forces
Authors: Manolea Horia Octavian , Obădan Florian , Popescu Sanda Mihaela , Rîcă Radu , Mărășescu Petre , Iliescu Alexandru Andrei , Dăguci Constantin , Gradinaru Sebastian
Published: July 2017

The lack of a periodontium for a dental implant may lead to high stress concentration at the bone level when the implants are prosthetically loaded. The present paper discusses the current possibilities of implant supported prosthesis making in order to mitigate the impact of occlusal forces. The cement layer may serve as an absorber for the strain, but its role is reduced and poses the risk of excess cement retained in the peri-implant tissue. The use of resin materials for the implant supported prosthetic restorations veneering it has been suggested for many years, but their role it is important in the case of full-arch fixed implant-supported prosthesis with cantilever distal extensions and less in single implant restorations. Nowadays, new materials like fiber-reinforced composites and high-performance polymers as PEEK may be used for the framework of the implant supported prosthetic restorations, but also for the implant or the prosthetic abutment realization.
An Efficient Computational Approach for the Detection of MR Brain Tissues in the Presence of Noise and Intensity Inhomogeneity
Authors: Sandhya G. , Giri Babu Kande , Satya Savithri T.
Published: July 2017

The automatic detection of brain tissues such as White Matter (WM), Gray Matter (GM), and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) from the MR images of the brain using segmentation is of immense interest for the early detection and diagnosing various brain-related diseases. MR imaging technology is one of the best and most reliable ways of studying the brain. Segmentation of MR images is a challenging task due to various artifacts such as noise, intensity inhomogeneity, partial volume effects and elemental texture of the image. This work proposes a region based, efficient and modern energy minimization process called as Anisotropic Multiplicative Intrinsic Component Optimization (AMICO) for the brain image segmentation in the presence of noise and intensity inhomogeneity to separate different tissues. This algorithm uses an efficient Anisotropic diffusion filter to decrease the noise. The denoised image gets segmented after the correction of intensity inhomogeneity by the MICO algorithm. The algorithm decomposes the MR brain image as two multiplicative intrinsic components, called as the component of the true image which represents the physical properties of the brain tissue and the component of bias field that is related to intensity inhomogeneity. By optimizing the values of these two components using an efficient energy minimization technique, correction of intensity inhomogeneity and segmentation of the tissues can be achieved simultaneously. Performance evaluation and the comparison with some existing methods have validated the remarkable performance of AMICO in terms of efficiency of segmentation of brain images in the presence of noise and intensity inhomogeneity.
Possibility of Improving Oscillation Performance of Double-Walled Nanotube Oscillators via Tuning Vacancy Defects
Authors: Luo Qiang Hui , Jiang Wu Gui , Qin Qing Hua
Published: July 2017

The oscillatory behaviors of an oscillator made from double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) with vacancy defects were systematically investigated via molecular dynamics simulation method. We found that the vacancy defects change the off-axial rocking motion and the van der Waals potential, resulting in more energy dissipation. Unlike the case in the C60–nanotube oscillators (Song, et al., Phys. Lett. A. 373 2009, 1058-1061) that one vacancy can make the oscillators more stable, our study showed that the vacancies cannot improve the performance of DWCNT-based oscillators no matter where vacancy defects are located.
Formation of Chitosan Nanoparticles Using Deacetylated Chitin Isolated from Freshwater Algae and Locally Synthesized Zeolite A and their Influence on Cancer Cell Growth
Authors: Tiburu Elvis K. , Salifu Ali , Aidoo Edmund O. , Fleischer Heidimarie N.A. , Manu Gloria , Yaya Abu , Zhou Han , Efavi Johnson K.
Published: July 2017

This work reports the isolation and characterization of chitin from green algae using XRD, 13C CP/MAS NMR, FTIR and Microscopy. The XRD diffraction pattern confirmed orthorhombic structure of the crystalline polysaccharide, whereas the FTIR spectra revealed strong absorption bands at 896.9 cm-1 and 852 cm-1 typical of C–H axial and C–H equatorial vibrations within the anomeric center of the glucopyranosicyclic moiety. Another strong absorption band was observed at 1039.9 cm-1 and was assigned to C–O–C, C–O stretching bands. The purity and structure of the deacetylated chitin was confirmed using 13C NMR, showing overlapping peaks around 65 ppm assigned to both the sugar carbon at C2, as well as a methylene carbon at C6. An intense peak at 74 ppm is assigned to C3 and C5 with corresponding resonances at 81 and 104 ppm assigned to C4 and C1 respectively. Zeolite/Chitosan nanocomposites were synthesized by ionic cross-linking of chitosan with sodium tripolyphosphate. Chitosan nanoparticles and LTA of different concentrations were incubated with HeLa cancer cells to investigate their cytotoxicity effects. The exposure of the cells to chitosan nanoparticles resulted in a decreased in cell growth and this was concentration-dependent. Our results revealed the utility of locally available materials to produce new biodegradable nanoparticles to investigate their biological nanotoxicity.
Preparation and Characterization of Polysiloxane Modified Graphene Oxide/PMMA Nanocomposites with Non-Convalent Interfaces
Authors: Li Hong Yan , Song Li Meng , Li Ru Yi , Sun Cong , Fu Yong Qiang , Yang Ai Wu , Zhou Jian Guo , Liu Hong Li
Published: July 2017

Graphene oxide (GO) was modified by polyphenylvinylsiloxane (PPVS) through π-π conjugation interaction. The modified GO/PMMA nanocomposites were prepared via in situ bulk polymerization. The modification of GO was characterized by using Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Thermal conductivity, thermal stability and mechanical properties of PMMA and its composites were investigated by using TG, heat conduction analysis, and three-point bending strength test, respectively. The results showed that PPVS modified GO was prepared through non-covalent interaction, and composites with non-convalent phase interfaces were also obtained. With the addition of GO-PPVS, the three-point bending strength of GO-PPVS/PMMA increased to about 68 MPa. GO wrapped by PPVS could not form thermal conducting networks at the percolation thresholds. The increasing amount of PPVS prevented the formation of thermal conduction network, and decreased the thermal conductivity of the composites. The thermal stability of the composites was influenced by three main factors, and the total effect of the three factors on thermal stability illustrated a negative trend.
Structural Examination of Multilayer CrAlSiN/AlSiN Coatings Deposited by Cathodic Arc
Authors: Chaliampalias Dimitrios , Pliatsikas Nikolaos , Pavlidou Eleni , Kolaklieva Lilyana , Kakanakov Roumen , Vouroutzis Nikolaos , Patsalas Panos , Vourlias George , Polychroniadis Efstathios K.
Published: July 2017

In this research, the possibility of applying multilayer multielement super hard coatings by Cathodic Arc is investigated. More precisely the structure of the coating consisting of quaternary CrAlSiN and ternary AlSiN layers is examined by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron microscopy analytical methods. The as-deposited samples were found to have distinguishable layers. The CrAlSiN layer is characterized by an extra sequence of repeated nanolayers. The AlSiN layer consisted of nanosized grains having a preferential orientation. Finally the surface layer was found to contain a solid solution of CrxAl1-xN, while Si3N4was identified only by XPS most probably due to its amorphous structure.
Критерий полуобильности
Authors: Shokurov Vyacheslav Vladimirovich
Published: July 2017

В работе предлагается достаточное условие существования морфизма диаграммы квазиполяризованных начальных алгебраических пространств в поляризованную пару. Более того, описываются диаграммы категории квазиполяризованных алгебраических пространств, каждая конечная поддиаграмма которых имеет морфизм в поляризованную пару, а тонкие, замкнутые относительно включения и скреп - поляризованный копредел. Такие диаграммы называются собором, а их стрелками являются включения и скрепы. Главное приложение - критерий полуобильности численно эффективного обратимого пучка на полном алгебраическом пространстве в терминах собора.
Библиография: 9 наименований.
Efficacy of Different Primaquine Regimens to Control Plasmodium falciparum Gametocytemia in Colombia
Authors: Arroyo-Arroyo Maria , Arango Eliana , Carmona-Fonseca Jaime , Aristizabal Beatriz , Yanow Stephanie , Maestre Amanda
Published: July 2017

Treatment against Plasmodium falciparum malaria includes blood schizonticides to clear asexual parasites responsible for disease. The addition of gametocytocidal drugs can eliminate infectious sexual stages with potential for transmission and the World Health Organization recommends a single dose (SD) of primaquine (PQ) to this end. The efficacy of PQ at 0.75 mg/kg to suppress gametocytemia when administered in single or fractionated doses was evaluated. A clinical controlled study with an open-label design was executed; three groups of 20 subjects were studied sequentially. All subjects were treated with the standard dose of artemether–lumefantrine plus the total dose of 0.75 mg/kg of PQ administered (without previous G6PD testing) in three different ways: Group “0.75d-3” received 0.75 mg/kg on day 3; Group “0.50d-1 + 0.25d-3” received 0.50 mg/kg on day 1 and 0.25 mg/kg on day 3; Group “0.25d-1,2,3” received 0.25 mg/kg on days 1, 2, and 3. Subjects were evaluated on days 1, 4, and 7 by thick smear microscopy and quantitative polymerase chain reaction to determine the carriage of immature and mature gametocytes. There were no adverse events. The three schemes caused a marked reduction (75–85%) in prevalence of gametocytes on day 4 compared with day 1, but only the group that received 0.75 mg/kg on day 3 maintained the reduced gametocyte burden until day 7. None of the three treatments were able to clear gametocyte carriage on days 4 or 7, but the group that received the SD had the lowest prevalence of gametocytes (15%). Further studies are needed to establish a PQ regimen with complete efficacy against gametocytes.
Use of Serologic Responses against Enteropathogens to Assess the Impact of a Point-of-Use Water Filter: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Western Province, Rwanda
Authors: Zambrano Laura Divens , Priest Jeffrey W. , Ivan Emil , Rusine John , Nagel Corey , Kirby Miles , Rosa Ghislaine , Clasen Thomas F.
Published: July 2017

Diarrhea is a leading contributor to childhood morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Given the challenge of blinding most water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions, diarrheal disease outcome measures in WASH intervention trials are subject to potential bias and misclassification. Using the platform of a cluster-randomized controlled trial of a household-based drinking water filter in western province, Rwanda, we assessed the impact of the drinking water filter on enteric seroconversion in young children as a health outcome and examined the association between serologic responses and caregiver-reported diarrhea. Among the 2,179 children enrolled in the trial, 189 children 6–12 months of age were enrolled in a nested serology study. These children had their blood drawn at baseline and 6–12 months after the intervention was distributed. Multiplex serologic assays for Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Entamoeba histolytica, norovirus, Campylobacter, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae were performed. Despite imperfect uptake, receipt of the water filter was associated with a significant decrease in seroprevalence of IgG directed against Cryptosporidium parvum Cp17 and Cp23 (relative risk [RR]: 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44–0.89). Serologic responses were positively associated with reported diarrhea in the previous 7 days for both Giardia intestinalis (RR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.04–3.63) and C. parvum (RR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.09–4.50). Serologic responses for all antigens generally increased in the follow-up round, rising sharply after 12 months of age. The water filter is associated with reduced serologic responses against C. parvum, a proxy for exposure and infection; therefore, serologic responses against protozoa may be a suitable health outcome measure for WASH trials among children with diarrhea.
Enunciação e atitude responsiva em processos interativos: construindo dialogias na Educação Infantil
Authors: Vieira Daniele Marques
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-4512.2016v18n33p32O presente artigo aborda o problema da enunciação e a atitude responsiva na relação adulto-criança na dinâmica dialógica da educação infantil. Para tanto estabelece interlocução entre autores do Círculo de Bakhtin e uma perspectiva sobre a cultura infantil na relação entre pares, com destaque à noção de reprodução interpretativa e de ordem instituinte pelas crianças. Propõe um estudo sob a premissa da dialogia na prática educativa no espaço-ambiente da educação infantil, a fim de identificar a dinâmica dialógica e relacionar elementos da enunciação e das atitudes responsiva das crianças dela decorrentes, em momentos de processos interativos de uma situação educativa, registrada e observada por meio da fotografia. A partir do registro fotográfico foi possível relacionar percepções da vivência rememorada na observação da imagem, sendo esta fonte de interpretação de possibilidades responsivas das crianças ao enunciado da professora. Destaca-se desse estudo que observar o que as crianças realizam em suas brincadeiras e interações pode de fato configurar um caminho para o professor abrir os olhos e a escuta ao que move a ação da criança e constitui sua cultura infantil.
Elementos para a consideração da materialidade prosódica na constituição do arquivo
Authors: Vinhas Luciana Iost
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1984-8412.2016v13n1p1022O presente trabalho realiza uma reflexão sobre a consideração da materialidade prosódica na constituição do arquivo. Tem-se como pressuposto que a materialidade prosódica, assim como as palavras, expressões e proposições, pode funcionar como materializações do discurso e, por conseguinte, materializações da ideologia. É através do vínculo entre prosódia, arquivo e memória afetivo-discursiva que se pode observar uma irrupção no espaço da repetição discursiva no seio da Análise do Discurso, base teórica da presente discussão. Toma-se como exemplo um acontecimento enunciativo envolvendo cabos do Corpo de Bombeiros em junho de 2011, no Rio de Janeiro, os quais entoaram o hino da corporação de maneira não prevista pelo ritual do qual faziam parte. É com isso que se conclui assumindo a importância da materialidade fonético-fonológica para a constituição do arquivo, visto que pode ser ponto de deriva e, por ser opaca, permite o surgimento de mais de uma interpretação.
Para uma explicação cognitivamente plausível da conjunção em Português
Authors: Moura Heronides , Varaschin Giuseppe
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1984-8412.2016v13n1p1055O objetivo deste artigo é propor as linhas gerais de um modelo teórico para explicar a conjunção “e” de um ponto de vista semântico, pragmático e cognitivo. Se a análise contextualista proposta por Robyn Carston (2002) puder ser defendida e se mostrar como a melhor opção diante dos problemas inerentes às demais abordagens, seguir-se-á que o processo pragmático primário que Recanati (2010) chama de “modulação” é uma realidade, ao menos neste caso, na composição semântica das línguas naturais. Isto é, ficará comprovada a existência de ao menos um caso em que fatores contextuais opcionais – aqueles que, ao contrário da indexicalidade, não são demandados pelas regras estritamente linguísticas – afetam o conteúdo proposicional dos enunciados.
A diversidade lexical na escrita de textos escolares
Authors: Martins Mário
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1984-8412.2016v13n1p1068Este artigo apresenta um estudo de correlação entre a diversidade lexical e a progressão escolar em textos escritos por crianças e adolescentes em idade escolar monolíngues de português europeu. Para mensurar a diversidade, utiliza-se a medida D (RICHARDS; MALVERN, 1997), versão matematicamente corrigida da medida TTR (TEMPLIN, 1957), que consiste na razão entre palavras diferentes (types) e palavras totais (tokens). Com o recurso às ferramentas CLAN (MACWHINNEY, 2000) e IMS Open Corpus Workbench (EVERT; HARDIE, 2011), esta medida foi aplicada a um corpus quasi-longitudinal, com 244 textos de registros narrativos (n=122) e argumentativos (n=122), escritos por alunos do quinto (n=26), do sétimo (n=46) e do décimo (n=50) anos do sistema escolar português. Os resultados mostram que, em ambos os registros, há uma correlação positiva entre a progressão escolar e o desenvolvimento lexical, mas que não se mostra linear de um ano a outro, particularmente do quinto ao sétimo ano. Para fundamentar a discussão, são apresentados dois exemplos dos modos como os textos escolares sob estudo variam quanto à utilização do vocabulário. Pretende-se, com este trabalho, contribuir para uma compreensão mais pormenorizada dos movimentos configuradores do desenvolvimento da língua escrita de crianças e jovens em idade escolar.
Uma outra cidade? A resistência possível e o efeito de resistência: uma proposta
Authors: Modesto Rogério
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1984-8412.2016v13n1p1083Neste artigo, analiso a formulação “A cidade que queremos” posta em circulação a partir da produção discursiva de um movimento social urbano da cidade de Salvador, Bahia. O objetivo da análise é compreender o funcionamento do que chamo aqui de resistência possível e de efeito de resistência. Para tanto, parto da reflexão teórica de Michel Pêcheux em torno da noção de resistência, chamando atenção para a necessidade de compreensão deste conceito considerando múltiplas determinações que envolvem um sujeito descentrado o qual se constitui junto com o sentido, o equívoco como real da língua e a contradição como real da história.
Presentation
Authors: Butturi Junior Atilio
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1984-8412.2016v13n2p1128