bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Battery Energy Storage Participation in Primary Frequency Regulation Considering SOC Consistency
Authors: Li Shichun , Luo Linhua , Su Lingjie , Wang Xiaoyu , Wang Lijun
Published: June 2024

In recent years, battery energy storage has garnered increasing attention in the frequency regulation field due to its rapid and precise output characteristics. The focus of this paper is on the control strategy for battery energy storage that is involved in primary frequency regulation and addresses the coordination control issues of different storage units when implemented on a large scale. A control method is proposed that considers the consistency of the State of Charge (SOC) in battery energy storage, which is involved in primary frequency regulation. The control of the battery energy storage system is divided into upper-level and lower-level control. The upper-level control uses model predictive control to obtain the total frequency regulation power of the energy storage station. The lower-level control allocates the corresponding power based on the capacity of each battery energy storage unit. It introduces a proportional integral adjustment term related to the average SOC to achieve SOC consistency control for each unit. Simulation results demonstrate that, regardless of whether the capacities of various storage units are identical, the proposed method achieves good frequency regulation performance, restores SOC to the ideal range, and ensures SOC consistency among different storage units. This approach aids the efficient and safe operation of battery energy storage systems.
Protection of (Personal) Data in Armed Conflicts
Authors: Kelemen Bence Kis
Published: June 2024

Despite the increased attention that was given to data protection laws in national jurisdictions – especially after the adoption of the General Data Protection Regulation by the European Union – international law still does not offer a higher standard of protection to the personal data of civilians in times of armed conflict, where the deletion or manipulation of personal data of the civilian population can have significant harmful effects. This article explains that at the time of the adoption of the relevant international treaties and the development of customary international law, international humanitarian law (IHL) did not protect personal data stored electronically, and even though commentators in contemporary times tend to accept the object status of electronic data, State practice still remains inconclusive, largely excluding computerized personal data from the protective regime of IHL. The article argues further that a stricter protection of personal data regulation could potentially lead to harmful effects for protected persons, such as civilians, therefore it is undesirable. The protective nature of IHL must prevail over the data protection interests.
Testing Europe Salience and Second-Order Election Theories: 2019 European Parliamentary Elections in Lithuania
Authors: Jurkynas Mindaugas
Published: June 2024

The article assesses the 2019 elections to the European Parliament (EP) in Lithuania and their theoretical relevance. The analysis presents the political stances of parties and the electorate towards the EU. The focus then shifts to information and political campaigns, the parties participating in the EP elections, and the electoral results. These aspects serve to evaluate the theoretical relevance of Second-order election theory and the Europe salience theory, revealing the absence of Eurosceptic, protest, populist, and postmaterial mood in the 2019 EP elections in Lithuania.
“Access Denied” – Interpreting the Digital Divide by Examining the Right of Prisoners to Access the Internet in the Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Lendvai Gergely Ferenc , Gosztonyi Gergely
Published: June 2024

The present paper aims to investigate prisoners’ rights to use and access the Internet, focusing on the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). The study’s principal objective is to assess the fundamental rights aspects of Internet access, particularly within the context of relevant EU legislation, and to interpret how the digital divide impacts prisoners. The study primarily relies on a thorough review of pertinent literature and legal materials, and it incorporates case studies from Estonia, Lithuania and Türkiye to contextualize the literature findings within specific legal jurisdictions. The research findings suggest that prisoners’ Internet access should be evaluated in accordance with fundamental rights, including Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Regarding the digital divide, the study concludes that limiting prisoners’ access to the Internet could exacerbate the already existing societal gap, potentially hindering their reintegration into society. The particular focus on the above three countries stems from the fact that as per the precedent of the ECtHR, only four countries are involved in cases concerning restriction of access to the Internet (Estonia, Lithuania, Türkiye and Russia); however, Russia ceased to be a party of the European Convention on Human Rights, so analyzing the future of the issue of Internet acces there is highly limited. Our research contributes significantly to the literature on the digital divide, particularly in terms of its legal implications. The study’s comprehensive approach, which integrates both theoretical and practical aspects, is beneficial for domestic legal professionals and researchers engaged in interdisciplinary investigations of EU law and fundamental rights.
Constructing a Corrected Stations Network Using Some Geomatic Techniques
Authors: Ali Amal Mahdi , Al-Soudani Maha , Radhi Faten Mezher
Published: June 2024

The major objective of this study is to establish a network of Ground Control Points-GCPs which can use it as a reference for any engineering project. Total Station (type: Nikon Nivo 5.C), Optical Level and Garmin Navigator GPS were used to perform traversing. Traversing measurement was achieved by using nine points covered the selected area irregularly. Near Civil Engineering Department at Baghdad University Al-jadiriya, an attempt has been made to assess the accuracy of GPS by comparing the data obtained from the Total Station. The average error of this method is 3.326 m with the highest coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.077 m observed in Northing. While in the Easting the average error is 4.634 m with (R2) 0.099 m observed. The average error 5.513 m with (R2) is 0.071 m is observed in Reduced Level. The accuracy assessments of the interpolation methods (Total Station and Level) have been calculated using the average error 0.240 m with (R2) is 0.735 m is observed in Reduced Level. The GIS 10.3 program can automatically transform the saved data to text format and produce digital plans with attribute.
Thermophysical Properties of Concrete Blended with Iron Powder and/or Iron Fibers
Authors: Kanibou Fatima , Moufakkir Abdelkrim , Samaouali Abderrahim , Bakari Randa , Ouaazizi Karima , Arbaoui Asmae , Charkaoui Abdellah
Published: June 2024

The use of iron waste in concrete is now of considerable importance, mainly because of the benefits for the environment and for improving the strength of concrete. The increased and unused of this industrial byproducts represents a challenge for the environment and human health. This article experimentally explores the influence of utilizing iron powder waste and iron fibers in concrete in order to enhance the thermophysical properties of concrete and reduce the environmental impact resulting from iron waste. The aim of this work is to study the thermophysical properties (thermal conductivity, volumetric heat capacity, thermal diffusivity and thermal effusivity) of concrete with waste iron powder and iron fibers for application in building construction. The iron powder waste was added to the concrete with different percentages of 0%, 5%, 15%, 20% and 25% respectively as a partial replacement of sand. The iron fibers were added with mix proportions including 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5% by volume of concrete, and in two different arrangements, uniform and random. The thermal conductivity and the volumetric heat capacity of these samples were measured experimentally in the dry state at ambient temperature (20 °C), and at 28 days of age. The effect of the integration of iron powder and fiber on thermal properties was analysed.
Properties of Selected Alkali-Activated Materials for Sustainable Development
Authors: Nemec Jiri , Gandel Radoslav , Jerabek Jan , Sucharda Oldrich , Bilek Vlastimil
Published: June 2024

Concrete, which is based on the use of Portland cement as a binder, is often used as a structural material in the construction industry. However, the production of cement has a high energy demand. Alkaline-activated systems, for example, have the potential to replace cement with suitable substitutes, and this also puts the raw materials created as by-products from industrial processes to the fore. The presented research focuses on three selected variants, where the goal is to compare key properties from the point of view of material engineering and structural design. Tests of the mechanical properties of the examined materials are carried out and their durability is compared, namely frost resistance, resistance to chemical and de-icing substances and resistance to elevated temperature. As part of the main design criterion of structure, the resulting average compressive strengths of the selected alkali-activated materials ranged from 52.8 to 62.8 MPa.
Experimental, Analytical, and Numerical Evaluation of Bridge Pier Scouring
Authors: Kadam Gouri , Dawari Balkrishna
Published: June 2024

Due to the rising number of incidents of bridge failure, scouring around bridges has received a lot of attention. Accurate scour depth prediction is a challenge for researchers and experts, despite massive global research efforts. Estimation the scour depth is crucial for both a safety and economy. Numerous factors affect the scour depth. In this work, the scour depth of three distinct pier geometries – circular, oblong, and rectangular – is thoroughly investigated, and the effect of water depth and discharge on the scour depth of a given geometry is evaluated. Three pier shapes were the subject of a total of 27 trials, nine of which combined three discharges with varying flume water depth. Experimental observation of scour depth shows good agreement with analytical and numerical scour depth values. A comparative examination of analytical, experimental, and numerical findings indicates that numerical models can effectively estimate scour depth, offering a cost-effective and time-saving methodology. Results showed that circular and oblong pier geometry shows lesser scour depth than rectangular pier geometry for a specific combination of flow depth and discharge. Scour depth decreased with increasing flume water depth for the same discharge. For the constant flume water depth, higher discharge results in greater scour depth.
The Planning of Reduced, Reuse, and Recycle-Based Temporary Disposal Site
Authors: Cahyonugroho Okik Hendriyanto , Hidayah Euis Nurul , Firdaus Emeraldi , Khotimah Kusnul
Published: June 2024

The community-based waste management methods through reduce, reuse and recycle-based temporary disposal sites (3R-TDS) was one of the possible municipal solid waste management strategies for reducing the volume of waste. The aims of this studied were to planned and design 3R-TDS in densely populated areas by combining various 3Rbased waste management methods for obtaining a reducing volume of municipal solid waste to FDS. This studied was conducted into five main steps, that were collected primary data, calculated the density and composition of municipal solid waste, designed the 3R-TDS to determine the appropriate space based on functional processing. The results had identified the waste generation 4,454.72 kg/day or 0.431 kg/person/day, and it was predicted up to 8,930 kg/day within 10 years. The highest percentage of municipal solid waste was organic food waste 58%, and the lowest composition was leather 0.2%. Design of 3R-TDS could been applied to managed municipal solid waste had been the concept of 3R-TDS leads to arrange 973 m2, which provided area for in ordered to facilitate dropping, separating, sorting, waste processing for plastic, inorganic, organic, residue, leachate, and supporting area.
Planning for Strategic Information Operations
Authors: Cline Lawrence E.
Published: June 2024

Strategic information operations (IO) have normally been viewed as an issue above the military level. Nevertheless, they are critical both in shaping the larger operational environment and in providing a strategic initiative short of war. As such, they are crucial for military strategists. Also, in most Western countries, the focus has been on defensive measures against opponents’ IO efforts. Such a defensive mindset is unlikely to succeed. Some long-term patterns and lessons learned in IO provide a useful template for both defensive and offensive IO campaigns.
Evaluating the Viability of the Erbil Citadel Houses for Adaptive Reuse Process
Authors: Sulaiman Goriel Wafaa Anwar , Zoltán Erzsébet , Molnár Tamás
Published: June 2024

Notwithstanding its potential advantages, adaptive reuse has grown in popularity as a sustainable development strategy across the globe. There is a shortage of studies on the methodology and results of adaptive reuse projects in the Middle East. Erbil Citadel’s Houses is a special kind of conservation and adaptive reuse Project.

The Middle East, particularly in conflict-affected areas, has received very little research on the methodology and results of adaptive reuse projects. The challenge this research attempts to solve is how to preserve historical sites like the Erbil Citadel houses using adaptive reuse as a sustainable development method. This paper tries to answer what are the key aspects of adaptive reuse as a sustainable strategy for historic structures. By analyzing the difficulties and opportunities related to adaptive reuse to address this gap. The findings from this research can help establish best practices for adaptive reuse in comparable situations and guide the formulation for sustainable development in Middle east areas.
Small Scale Interventions in Debrecen as a Method of Sustainability
Authors: Szentirmai Tamás
Published: June 2024

Architecture - both urban and building scale - always strongly reflects the current social and cultural context. This is of course no different today: the topics that currently define our world - climate change, sustainability, environmental protection, housing poverty... - strongly influence design, sometimes with the stringency of legislation, sometimes as a matter of conscience. Within the framework of the architectural education in Debrecen - student assignments and departmental projects - we often seek answers to the question of what other professional approaches can be found, which could even show an alternative to the current engineering and technological answers that are so intensively present in everyday life. This is one of the ways we think about sustainability, where our primary objective is to show the hidden values and reserves of existing places - buildings, urban spaces - and how currently under-used situations can serve new functional needs with small-scale interventions without significant investment.
Pediatric Critical Care Illness Severity Toolkit: Stata Commands for Calculation of Pediatric Index of Mortality and Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction Scores
Authors: Azamfirei Razvan , Mennie Colleen , Fackler James C. , Kudchadkar Sapna R.
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Illness severity scoring tools, such as PRISM III/IV, PIM-3, and PELOD-2, are widely used in pediatric critical care research. However, their application is hindered by complex calculation processes, privacy concerns with third-party online calculators, and challenges in accurate implementation within statistical packages.

Methods

We have developed a comprehensive, open-source toolkit for implementing the PIM-3, Simplified PIM-3, and PELOD-2 scores. The toolkit includes the pim3 and pelod2 commands and is compatible with Stata versions 12 and above. It features robust data validation, error messaging, a graphical interface, and support for SI and Imperial units. The toolkit's accuracy was validated through unit testing and synthetic data, comparing results with existing implementations.

Results

In performance tests, the toolkit exhibited a median processing time of 21.82 seconds for PELOD-2, 14.06 seconds for PIM-3, and 9.74 seconds for Simplified PIM-3, when applied to datasets of 10,000,000 records. It consistently achieved 100% accuracy in both synthetic data tests and manual spot checks.

Conclusion

The toolkit decreases processing time and improves accuracy in calculating pediatric critical care severity scores such as PELOD-2, PIM-3, and Simplified PIM-3. Its application in large datasets and validation highlights its utility as a tool for streamlining pediatric critical care research.
Lower Free T3 Levels Linked to Poorer Outcomes in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients with Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure
Authors: Akbaş Türkay , Güneş Harun
Published: June 2024

Aim of the Study

Non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) is often observed in critically ill patients. This study aimed to examine thyroid hormone changes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) experiencing acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF) and to evaluate the impact of these alterations on clinical outcomes.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective investigation involved 80 COPD patients (age 71.5±9.5 years; 57.5% male) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to AHRF. NTIS was identified when free triiodothyronine (fT3) levels were below the lower limit, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4) levels were within the normal range or below the lower limits.

Results

NTIS was detected in 63.7% of the patients. Decreased fT3 levels were found in 36.3% of the patients, reduced T4 levels in 33.8%, and diminished TSH levels in 15%. Patients with low fT3 levels exhibited elevated C-reactive protein levels, white blood cell counts, and APACHE II scores, necessitated vasopressor infusion more frequently during their ICU stay, and had increased mortality. The in-hospital mortality rate was 28.8%. Logistic regression analysis revealed that fT3 level (odds ratio [OR]., 0.271; 95% confidence interval [CI]., 0.085–0.865; p=0.027), APACHE II score (OR, 1.155; 95% CI, 1.041–1.282; p=0.007), and vasopressor use (OR, 5.426; 95% CI, 1.439–20.468; p=0.013) were crucial predictors of in-hospital mortality.

Conclusions

A high prevalence of NTIS is observed in COPD patients with AHRF, with low fT3 levels frequently observed. The presence of lower levels of fT3 is associated with a greater severity of the disease and a significant prognostic indicator.
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Thrombocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictor of Severe and Moderate/Mild Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Patients: Preliminary Results
Authors: Pui Mihai Claudiu , Butiulca Mihaela , Cehan Vlad , Stoica Florin , Lazar Alexandra
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) represents a major cause of mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU). The inflammatory response is escalated by the cytokines and chemokines released by neutrophils, therefore the search for quantifying the impact of this pathophysiological mechanism is imperative. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are indicators of systemic inflammation, widely accessible, inexpensive, and uncomplicated parameters.

Methods

We conducted a prospective study between March 2023 and June 2023 on patients which presented Berlin criteria for the diagnosis of ARDS during the first 24 hours from admission in the ICU. We included 33 patients who were divided into two groups: one group of 11 patients with severe ARDS and the second group of 22 patients with moderate/mild ARDS. The study evaluated demographic characteristics, leukocyte, lymphocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts, as well as NLR and PLR values from complete blood count, and severity scores (APACHE II score and SOFA score). We investigated the correlation of NLR and PLR in the two main groups (severe and moderate/mild acute respiratory distress syndrome patients).

Results

For the NLR ratio statistically significant differences between the two groups are noted: Severe ARDS 24.29(1.13–96) vs 15.67(1.69–49.71), p=0.02 For the PLR ratio, we obtained significant differences within the group presenting severe ARDS 470.3 (30.83–1427) vs. the group presenting mild/moderate ARDS 252.1 (0–1253). The difference between the two groups is statistically significant (0.049, p<0.05). The cut-off value of NLR resulted to be 23.64, with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.653 (95% CI: 0.43–0.88). The best cut-off value of PLR was performed to be 435.14, with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.645 (95% CI: 0.41–0.88).

Conclusion

Our study showed that NLR and PLR ratios 24 hours in patients with moderate/severe ARDS diagnosis can be a good predictor for severity of the disease. These biomarkers could be used in clinical practice due to their convenience, inexpensiveness, and simplicity of parameters. However, further investigations with larger populations of ARDS patients are necessary to support and validate these current findings.
The Utility of Serial Lipid Measurements as a Potential Predictor of Sepsis Outcome: A Prospective Observational Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Abdul Malick Afrah , Manavalan Jeyakumar , Murugiah Viveka , Bose Manikandan , Alexander Hariharan , Kanakasekaran Suganthy
Published: June 2024

Background and aim

Sepsis is the major cause of morbidity and mortality for patients admitted to an intensive care unit worldwide. Currently, procalcitonin (PCT) is a widely used prognostic marker for sepsis. The high cost of estimating Procalcitonin limits its utility in all health facilities. Lipid profile, being a frequently done routine investigation, is studied in sepsis patients to predict the prognosis of sepsis. This study was aimed to assess the association between lipid profile parameters, procalcitonin and clinical outcomes in patients with sepsis.

Materials and methods

It is a prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in the Department of Biochemistry in collaboration with the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). We included 80 sepsis patients from medical and surgical ICUs. Among them, 59 (74%) survived and 21 (26%) expired. Serum lipid profile, procalcitonin and variables required for APACHE II score are measured at two intervals, one during admission and on day 5. All the parameters were compared between the survivors and the non-survivors.

Results

Serum PCT levels were reduced on day 5 [3.32 (1.27–11.86)] compared to day 0 [13.42 (5.77–33.18)] in survivors. In survivors, Total Cholesterol, LDL-C and Non-HDL-C were significantly elevated on day 5 compared to day 0. In non-survivors, HDL-C significantly decreased on day 5. Between survivors and non-survivors, HDL-C significantly decreased on day 5 (23.88 ± 10.19 vs 16.67 ± 8.27 mg/dl). A Negative correlation was observed between HDL-C & PCT.

Conclusion

Serum Lipid profile levels, namely Total cholesterol, HDL-C and LDL-C, have possible associations with the severity of sepsis. HDL-C have a negative association with the clinical scoring system in sepsis patients. Overall, the findings from our study suggest that lipid profile parameters have possible implications in predicting the outcome of patients with sepsis.
Optimisation of Simple Assembly Line Balancing Problem Type E: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: El Machouti Sana , Hlyal Mustapha , Babay Amel , Alami Jamila El
Published: June 2024

Numerous research studies have focused on the Simple Assembly Line Balancing Problem (SALBP). Although many of these studies have attempted to minimise the number of workstations for a given cycle time (SALBP-1) or min-imise the cycle time for a given number of workstations (SALBP-2), few have focused on the E-type of the SALBP, which is a general NP-hard problem. Therefore, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) in this area is extremely important. The SALB-E problem involves scheduling a given set of tasks in an orderly sequence of workstations, where task precedence relations are satisfied, and finding the optimal pair of number of workstations and cycle time that maximises line efficiency. The aim of this systematic review was to examine existing research on SALB-E issues and predict future directions for studies on this topic. A systematic methodology was used to review papers published between 1995 and 2023, selected from the Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar data-bases. The review showed that future studies should focus on multi- and mixed-model U-shaped and two-sided lines in the SALBP-E. In addition, it may be important to evaluate multiple objective functions rather than just a single one. To solve this problem, it is preferable to develop and refine genetic algorithms and investigate new approaches within the metaheuristic framework.
Comprehensive Method for Estimating the Time and Expenditures Required for Mine Liquidation Processes of Business Processes
Authors: Magdziarczyk Małgorzata , Chmiela Andrzej , Smoliński Adam
Published: June 2024

The European Green Deal (EU Green Deal) has set the direction for the EU’s energy transition towards climate neutrality by 2050. In Poland, this means moving away from the extraction and use of coal. The Social Contract for the Mining Industry signed in 2021 states the necessity of last mine closure by 2049. Mine closure is a complex, lengthy and costly process. A complex scientific solution may concern the use of rational operations and minimization of mine closure costs. This article presents a system for the elementary assessment of the potential time and cost of coal mine liquidation. Estimating coal mine closure costs in the early design phase is an key aspect of supporting the company dealing with mine closure. The aim of the research was to improve the tool for assessing mine liquidation price. The extended assessment solution proposed in the article is formed on base of statistics of past mining institution liquidation processes. This method can, with minor modifications, be used for each restructuring and revitalizing task for mining industries in the process of liquidation. At the core of the developed method is a preliminary data analysis, which should be confirmed by a complex and multi-criteria estimation of the costs of the planned mine liquidation.
Application of the Triz Model for Evaluating the Potential Innovation Value of a Digital Start-Up Company
Authors: Basuki Ari , Cahyani Andharini Dwi , Umam Faikul
Published: June 2024

Digital innovations can improve the consumer experience by facilitating more personalized and convenient interactions, enhancing user interfaces, or introducing new features and functions. The potential innovation value rests in the capacity to attract and retain customers, boost customer satisfaction, and cultivate brand loyalty. The objective of this study is to formulate a digital startup strategy based on the potential value of innovation in six areas: strategy and planning, marketing, technological process, quality and environment, logistics, and human resources. This can help startups and stakeholders make informed decisions on how to best allocate resources and efforts to maximize their chances of success. Using a potential value map derived from a questionnaire survey, which held in February 2022, the innovation potential was analyzed. From an interview with the manager, the data served as the basis for developing the strategic plan using the TRIZ technique. Aspects of strategy and planning (2.33) and human resources (2.00) have the lowest score among the six aspects and classified as “B” level. Using the process of the TRIZ method, additional analysis of these two aspects yielded several solutions applicable to the formulation of the company’s strategy. Training regarding the strategic planning of the company is one of the strategies and planning-related solutions. Our study shows that TRIZ model is helpful to handle the identification and find solution of contradictions in problem situation of digital start-up company.
Building Trust in AI-Human Partnerships: Exploring Preferences and Influences in the Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Żywiołek Justyna
Published: June 2024

The incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) into industrial processes has seen substantial development, characterized by the shift from Industry 4.0 to the future concept of Industry 5.0. The article identifies a significant gap in knowledge regarding how openness in AI engagement influences consumer trust and confidence in news media. This gap highlights the need for further exploration into the relationship between transparency in AI processes and consumer perceptions. The research utilises a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches, gathering insights from academic literature, industry viewpoints, and actual data. We conduct an extensive analysis of existing literature to investigate the process of incorporating artificial intelligence into news creation and its influence on the level of confidence consumers have in the news. We have identified a significant lack of knowledge about the impact of openness in AI engagement on consumer views and trust in news media. Expanding on this discrepancy, we suggest a systematic methodology that incorporates controlled experiments and surveys to evaluate the influence of different degrees of openness on consumer trust and involvement with AI-generated news content. In addition, the paper examines the difficulties in establishing confidence in artificial intelligence (AI) inside the European Union, including several aspects such as technological, ethical, social, and legal considerations. The document presents a thorough plan to guarantee the secure development and execution of AI, with a focus on the significance of transparency, ethics, and teamwork. The study’s results provide vital insights for politicians, news organisations, and industrial businesses as they navigate the intricate process of integrating AI. Comprehensive Plan for Secure AI Development, to address the challenges outlined, the article presents a thorough plan for ensuring the secure development and execution of AI within the European Union. This plan emphasizes the significance of transparency, ethics, and collaboration in building trust and confidence in AI technologies.
A Systematic Review of Financial Factors Affecting Implementation of Lean Principle in Small and Medium Enterprises of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alkhoraif Abdullah Abdulaziz
Published: June 2024

The application of the lean principle can play an important role in enhancing the competitiveness and performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The lean principle can reduce the cost of production, maximize resource optimization, and enhance the firm’s ability to provide superior value to the customers. The empirical research studying the effect of the implementation of lean principles in the SMEs has been widely studied. The researchers have used varying amounts of contextual variables as antecedents and consequences of the lean principle implementation in SMEs. The purpose of the present research study is to address this gap by reviewing the literature on Lean implementation in SMEs with a focus on finance-related variables as antecedents and consequences. To achieve the purpose of our study, the current research has employed a systematic literature review as a methodology to collect the studies from academic databases of ABI/INFORM world, Taylor & Francis, Emerald, Sage, Inderscience, Premier, ScienceDirect, and Scopus Business Supplies. The results of the study have yielded insight and knowledge into four different themes. Finally, an area for future research has also been developed.
Investigation and Assessment the Level of Adoption Lean Philosophy in SMES Under Uncertainty by EFA/FAHP/FTOPSIS Integrated Model
Authors: Al-baldawi Zainab , Kassam AllaEldin. H. , Al-Zubaidi Sawsan Sabeeh A.
Published: June 2024

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), thus it is pursues to improve their performance to stay in the global competitive markets through adopting an efficient manufacturing systems, one of them is lean production (LP). LP is a continuous improvement philosophy that based on using various lean activities to improve enterprise performance by eliminating various type of waste. In this paper, a Lean Level Assessment Methodology is proposed which integrated Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and Fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (FTOPSIS) to identify level of importance of lean activities and assess the level of SMEs leanness concerning five dimensions of lean activities. SMEs lean activities have surveyed through a comprehensive literature review, where twenty six lean activities have identified as the most common SMEs activities that classifying into five lean dimensions. A questionnaire was developed to collect data related to the levels of adoption of these lean activities by SMEs using a triple Likert scale. EFA was used to extract the most influencing lean activities on SMEs leanness based on questionnaire data. FAHP was used to determine the weights and the level of importance of these lean activities, while FTOPSIS was employed to investigate and assess the level of SMEs’ leanness related to the five lean dimensions activities. The proposed methodology has applied in four Iraqi SMEs (A1, A2, A3, and A4) for producing healthy water and soft drink in Baghdad. The results have explained that only 19 lean activities are the most influencing on SMEs leanness. Efficient manager is an important lean activity that has 58.90% level of importance. Although the four Iraqi SMEs have approximately acceptable level of leanness related the five lean dimensions, there is variation in adoption these lean dimensions activities by SMEs. SMEs management should develop a continuous improvement strategy based on utilizing SMEs’ efforts and resources to improve activities of the weaker dimension for improving their competitiveness and ensuring sustainability in the rapidly changing business environment. One limitation of this paper is the difficulty in obtaining data related to lean activities and their performance through SMEs’ processes and activities.
The Evolution of Warfare – Biotechnological Advancements in Military Operations
Authors: Cepișca Sandra-Maria , Cîrdei Alin-Ionuț
Published: June 2024

In the ever-evolving landscape of warfare, biotechnological advancements have emerged as a pivotal factor in shaping the modern battlefield. In today’s volatile, uncertain, complex, ambiguous (VUCA) environment, military operations rely on emerging and disruptive technologies to gain an edge. This article delves into the multifaceted implications of integrating biotechnology into the nowadays warfare, exploring its impact on strategy, tactics and society. From enhanced human performance through genetic modifications to the development of novel bio-inspired materials, biotechnology has revolutionized the capabilities of armed forces worldwide. However, with these advancements come ethical, legal, and societal considerations that demand careful examination. This study aims to illuminate the transformative role of biotechnology in shaping the future of warfare and its broader implications for society.
Essential Approaches to the Future Soldier’s Necessity to Use the Passive Exoskeleton
Authors: Minculete Gheorghe , Virca Ioan
Published: June 2024

Ongoing technological advances have led to the facilitation of specific supply chain operations in general, and military supply chains in particular, in order to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of military and other operational logistics. In this regard, the robotic exoskeleton system plays a particularly important role, along with other technologies that facilitate the successful conduct of national and multinational military operations within the armies of the North Atlantic Alliance nations. In developing the content of this material, we have taken into account the requirements for the future soldier’s behaviour and actions, which include extensive use of the passive exoskeleton to facilitate the transport of each soldier's payload of necessary supplies and weapons, as well as to increase individual mobility during offensive and/or defensive military actions. At the same time, we have highlighted the importance of qualified personnel’s use of the exoskeleton system in the carrying out of operational logistic support activities for the fulfillment of missions assigned to the combat forces.
Flexible Cartridge Sorting Line Using Parallel Robot “Bulletsort Topcodpet”
Authors: Țopa Ionuț-Cristian , Codreanu Tudor-Cătălin , Petrișor Silviu-Mihai
Published: June 2024

Nowadays the automation of some industrial processes within the military system is a necessity, as this trend is accelerated by technological advances and thus must respond to the increasingly complex contemporary challenges of global security. Sorting is an extremely important process in almost any industrial area of use and it is essential that it is done in the right way so that productivity and flexibility of operations is increased. Over time, sorting with industrial robots has become an increasingly widespread and sophisticated technology, which has led to benefits in various industrial fields and manufacturing processes. This technology involves the use of robots with articulated arms or other mechatronic devices that follow the principle of modular interchangeability and are designed to pick, handle and sort different parts in an efficient and more accurate way. The desire to maximize flexibility, adaptability to changing industry requirements coupled with increased productivity has made robot arm sorting a necessary component of today's military industrial and manufacturing processes, and this technology continues to develop, opening up new opportunities in manufacturing automation. This paper presents the principle design of a flexible manufacturing line for sorting cartridges, served by a parallel robot with two degrees of freedom in the kinematic chain structure.
Empowering Diversity: Policies for Gender Equality in Stem Education and Workforce Progression in North Macedonia
Authors: Reka Fatime Hasani , Memeti Memet
Published: June 2024

The enduring global issue of women's underrepresentation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields carries significant implications for both societal advancement and economic growth. Despite the rise in women's enrollment in higher education, the persistent gender pay gap can be attributed in part to their limited presence in STEM domains, which tend to offer higher-paying career prospects. This study scrutinizes the impact of national policies on gender imbalances in STEM, focusing on the case of North Macedonia. It assesses existing measures and programs while proposing recommendations to foster gender parity in STEM both national and local scales. Employing a mixed research methodology, the study incorporates desktop research, statistical analysis of gender distribution in STEM fields, policy evaluations of national frameworks, and primary data collection through interviews and surveys.
The Needs of Researchers Implementing Supply Chain Digitalisation
Authors: Skrickij Viktor , Bazaras Darius , Šakalys Raimundas , Kojis Paulius , Šakalys Algirdas
Published: June 2024

The digitalisation of the supply chain has presented substantial opportunities for companies to enhance resource allocation, pricing strategies, and overall operational efficiency. In this context, researchers play a crucial role in developing novel methodologies and algorithms that can confer a competitive edge to stakeholders. This study employed operational research methods to investigate the specific requirements of researchers in this domain. The results highlight the challenges, motivations, and practical needs experienced by researchers. Additionally, data-related issues and databases were examined to identify areas of improvement. The findings indicate that enhancing researchers' engagement in data-driven solutions for supply chain problems primarily hinges on addressing issues related to data quality, data accessibility, and regular dataset updates. By addressing all the aspects defined in this study, organisations can enhance the practical implementation of findings and drive advancements in supply chain management.
Konstruksi Storytelling pada Video Virtual Travelling
Authors: Priliantini Anjang , Anshori Mahfud , Rahmanto Andre Noevi , Yuliarti Monika Sri , Naini Albert Muhammad Isrun , Hendriyani Christina Tri
Published: June 2024

Pariwisata menjadi sektor paling terdampak akibat wabah COVID-19. Pembatasan sosial yang terus diberlakukan mendorong Kementerian Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif (Kemenparekraf) untuk melakukan inovasi dengan menciptakan video virtual travelling yang dibagikan melalui Youtube. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan konsep storytelling dalam video virtual travelling yang diproduksi oleh Kemenparekraf sehingga daya tarik destinasi wisata dapat ditampilkan sebagai strategi promosi pariwisata yang baik. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan Teori Digital Storytelling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan metode dokumentasi, dengan data primer berupa scene dari tiga video yang akan dikaji berdasarkan unsur-unsur storytelling, yaitu setting, karakter, konflik, plot, dan pesannya. Data dianalisis untuk melihat pemenuhan aspek rasionalitas naratif yang meliputi koherensi dan kredibilitas cerita. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga video virtual travelling yang diteliti tidak menerapkan konsep storytelling dengan baik karena tidak memenuhi kelima unsur storytelling, terutama pada unsur karakter dan konflik. Tourism is the sector most affected by the COVID-19 outbreak. Social restrictions that continue to be enforced encourage the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy to innovate by creating virtual travelling videos shared on YouTube. This study aims to analyze the application of the concept of storytelling in virtual travelling videos produced by the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy so that the attractiveness of tourist destinations can be displayed as a good tourism promotion strategy. This qualitative research uses Digital Storytelling Theory. Data were collected using the documentation method, with primary data in the form of scenes from three videos, which will be studied based on storytelling elements, namely setting, characters, conflict, plot, and message. The data is analyzed to see the fulfillment of the aspect of narrative rationality, which includes the coherence and credibility of the story. Research results showed that the three virtual tour videos studied did not apply the concept of storytelling well because they did not meet the five elements of storytelling, especially the elements of character and conflict
Inovasi Komunikasi Pemasaran Terpadu UMKM Bitata Food
Authors: Saleh Rahmat , Permana Hawaizza Qanitta , Susilawati Novi , Azman Zakirah
Published: June 2024

Usaha  Mikro  Kecil  dan  Menengah  (UMKM)  adalah  salah  satu  penggerak  utama perekonomian pada negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi komunikasi pemasaran yang digunakan oleh UMKM Bitata Food dalam memasarkan produk-produknya di Kota Banda Aceh. Konsep Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) adalah salah satu bauran pemasaran yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Jenis penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dan penentuan informan dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan tiga informan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Bitata Food melakukan berbagai jenis pendekatan dan strategi seperti penjualan langsung, periklanan, hubungan masyarakat, produk yang bervariasi, penyesuaian tempat produk dipasarkan, harga yang bervariasi, dan pemanfaatan brand ambassador sebagai strategi promosi. Hal ini dilakukan UMKM Bitata Food agar target pasar yang ingin mereka capai sesuai dan konsumen dapat dengan mudah mengenal produk-produk Bitata Food di pasaran. Secara tidak langsung, Bitata Food telah menerapkan strategi komunikasi pemasaran terpadu dalam memasarkan produknya, dan membuat UMKM ini terlihat lebih unggul dari segi teknik pemasaran. Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are one of the main economic drivers in developing countries such as Indonesia. This study aims to determine the marketing communication strategy used by Bitata Food in marketing their products in Banda Aceh. The concept of Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) is one of the marketing mixes used in this study. This study employed qualitative research and determined the informants using purposive sampling. Data were obtained using interviews with three participants. The finding showed that Bitata Food carried out various approaches and strategies such as direct sales, advertising, public relations, a variety of products, adjusted marketing places, a variety of prices, and the utilization of brand ambassadors as a promotional strategy. This is conducted by Bitata Food so that the expected potential target is appropriate and consumers can easily recognize Bitata Food products in the market. Indirectly, Bitata Food has implemented an integrated marketing communication strategy in marketing its products, making these MSMEs look superior in marketing techniques.
Pengaruh Asap Cair Sekam Padi terhadap Jumlah Populasi Semut Hitam (Dolichoderus thoracicus) sebagai Pemangsa Hama Ulat Grayak pada Tanaman Jagung
Authors: Wardana Rudi , Zarkazi Ahmad Maulana , Erdiansyah Iqbal , Soelaksini Liliek Dwi
Published: June 2024

Ulat grayak merupakan hama yang menyerang tanaman jagung. Selain itu, dalam tanaman jagung juga terdapat predator yaitu semut hitam. Dalam mengatasi populasi ulat yang banyak dapat menggunakan pengaplikasian asap cair. Kemudian untuk menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem yg ada disana perlu diadakan penelitian tentang predator semut hitam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh asap cair sekam padi terhadap populasi semut hitam dan hasil panen. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), dengan 6 taraf perlakuan konsentrasi asap cair sekam padi dan diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga menghasilkan 18 unit percobaan. Kegiatan di lapang meliputi proses budidaya dan teknik aplikasi asap cair sekam padi dan pestisida sintetik yang berbahan aktif emamektin benzoate. Percobaan disusun dengan 3 variabel yang terdiri dari uji mortalitas dan efikasi insektisida, populasi hama dan predator, dan variabel berat tongkol dan berat pipilan. Hasil pada variabel mortalitas dan efikasi hama menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan P5 (25ml/lt) adalah perlakuan yang efektif karena hasil efikasi insektisida sebesar 73%. Variabel jumlah populasi hama menunjukkan hasil tidak berbeda nyata untuk populasi hama dimana untuk perlakuan asap cair yaitu 0,48 ekor sedangkan pestisida sintetik yaitu 0,26 ekor. Untuk jumlah populasi predator semut hitam menunjukkan hasil berbeda nyata yaitu 0,62 ekor pada asap cair dan 0,30 ekor untuk pestisida sintetik. kemudian variabel berat tongkol menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda nyata antara perlakuan asap cair dan pestisida sintetik yaitu sebesar 182,50 gr dan 203,68 gr, begitu juga dengan variabel berat pipilan yang menunjukkan berbeda nyata antara perlakuan asap cair dan pestisida sintetik yaitu sebesar 109,44 gr dan 143,58 gr.