bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Délimitations et défenses du territoire : les conditions d’émergence de la linguistique nord-américaine au début du XXe siècle
Authors: Le Prieult Henri
Published: February 2017

American linguistics seem to have had, from the very start, a strong relationship with America as a territory. From the first works of anthropologists who had to deal with the "Amerindian imperative," to the development of a "ho-me-grown structuralism" (Harris 1993), there seems to have been an enduring link between the emergence of a specifically American linguistic school of thought and the very conditions the land of American offered to the many amateurs and scientists who considered and analysed the facts of language from the XVIth century onwards. Through three distinct yet deeply interrelated chronological stages, this paper attempts to give an overview of the different historical, geographical and institutional frameworks which conditioned the progressive foundation of American linguistics.
Barbara Kingsolver’s. Homeland and Other Stories about Another America
Authors: Meillon Bénédicte
Published: February 2017

Dès le titre, le recueil de nouvelles Homeland and Other Stories oriente l’attention du lecteur vers l’importance du traitement de l’espace et des terres d’Amérique à la source de l’imaginaire de Barbara Kingsolver. Ses origines Cherokee, son enfance en milieu rural et sa formation initiale en temps que biologiste spécialisée dans l’écologie se mêlent chez cet auteur à une sensibilité poétique exacerbée, et par ailleurs fort imprégnée des sublimes paysages de l’Arizona où elle a longtemps résidé. Les métaphores géologiques abondent de fait tout au long du recueil. Les récits puisent de plus à la signification de lieux mythiques, tantôt pour les valeurs que ces lieux véhiculent, tantôt à l’inverse afin de les resémantiser. La mention des lieux, réels ou fictifs, vient en définitive alimenter un réseau de significations implicites essentiel à l’étendue de la nouvelle, qui se déploie en profondeur plutôt qu’à la surface réduite occupée par le texte. Barbara Kingsolver interroge tout au long du recueil les notions de territoires et d’appartenance, tant dans leurs dimensions spatiale qu’identitaire et culturelle. Les personnages de Kingsolver incarnent diverses formes d’exil au sein de la civilisation postmoderne. Le courant transcendantaliste et la dimension mythopéique de l’écriture de Kingsolver, qui se nourrit amplement des symboles offerts par la nature, dévoilent la capacité de l’œil humain à se frayer le chemin d’un retour à la terre, et révèlent l’appartenance première de l’homme au cosmos. Enfin, le traitement de l’espace, qui sert tout d’abord à guider le lecteur dans le parcours herméneutique du recueil, indique les voies de la transcendance textuelle.
L’imaginaire de l’exil chez Kay Boyle
Authors: Reynes Anne
Published: February 2017

In 1923, the young poet and novelist Kay Boyle (1902-1992) took the “political” decision to leave the United States and go live in France. Nevertheless, the choice to live outside her country was by no means a rejection of the American land or of her American identity. On the contrary, expatriation provided Kay Boyle with the possibility to redefine her connection with her American origin. In the wake of Ezra Pound and William Carlos Williams, she experimented with the image as a way of reaching for a new sense of “locality”. In the poems published in the magazine transition in the late 20s and early 30s, the image is instrumental in the exploration of a “collective memory” of the American land whose intention was to reimagine a community where the poet would find his true place and function.
L’écriture de la nature chez Barry Lopez : enjeux et stratégies
Authors: Grandjeat Yves-Charles
Published: February 2017

This paper examines how ecocentric writing in general and, in particular, the work of Barry Lopez negotiate the tension between the need and the desire to write about nature, on the one hand and, on the other, the commitment to respect and protect nature’s fundamentally alien character from symbolic gestures of encroachment or appropriation by the writer himself. This leads to an investigation of Lopez’s politics and rhetorics of negative presentation, which fully registers how nature resists language and representation. Further, this paper draws attention to the strategic use of comparison in Lopez’s representational ethics, arguing that unexpected comparisons enable him to foreground the artificiality of his own stance, while distancing himself from any romantic claim to merge with nature, thus clarifying his own position as a committed and respectful outsider.
A new and inexpensive non-bit-for-bit solution reproducibility test based on time step convergence (TSC1.0)
Authors: Wan Hui , Zhang Kai , Rasch Philip J. , Singh Balwinder , Chen Xingyuan , Edwards Jim
Published: February 2017

Abstract. A test procedure is proposed for identifying numerically significant solution changes in evolution equations used in atmospheric models. The test issues a fail signal when any code modifications or computing environment changes lead to solution differences that exceed the known time step sensitivity of the reference model. Initial evidence is provided using the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) version 5.3 that the proposed procedure can be used to distinguish rounding-level solution changes from impacts of compiler optimization or parameter perturbation, which are known to cause substantial differences in the simulated climate. The test is not exhaustive since it does not detect issues associated with diagnostic calculations that do not feedback to the model state variables. Nevertheless, it provides a practical and objective way to assess the significance of solution changes. The short simulation length implies low computational cost. The independence between ensemble members allows for parallel execution of all simulations, thus facilitating fast turnaround. The new method is simple to implement since it does not require any code modifications. We expect that the same methodology can be used for any geophysical model to which the concept of time step  convergence is applicable.
Large-watershed flood forecasting with high-resolution distributed hydrological model
Authors: Chen Yangbo , Li Ji , Wang Huanyu , Qin Jianming , Dong Liming
Published: February 2017

Abstract. A distributed hydrological model has been successfully used in small-watershed flood forecasting, but there are still challenges for the application in a large watershed, one of them being the model's spatial resolution effect. To cope with this challenge, two efforts could be made; one is to improve the model's computation efficiency in a large watershed, the other is implementing the model on a high-performance supercomputer. This study sets up a physically based distributed hydrological model for flood forecasting of the Liujiang River basin in south China. Terrain data digital elevation model (DEM), soil and land use are downloaded from the website freely, and the model structure with a high resolution of 200 m  ×  200 m grid cell is set up. The initial model parameters are derived from the terrain property data, and then optimized by using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm; the model is used to simulate 29 observed flood events. It has been found that by dividing the river channels into virtual channel sections and assuming the cross section shapes as trapezoid, the Liuxihe model largely increases computation efficiency while keeping good model performance, thus making it applicable in larger watersheds. This study also finds that parameter uncertainty exists for physically deriving model parameters, and parameter optimization could reduce this uncertainty, and is highly recommended. Computation time needed for running a distributed hydrological model increases exponentially at a power of 2, not linearly with the increasing of model spatial resolution, and the 200 m  ×  200 m model resolution is proposed for modeling the Liujiang River basin flood with the Liuxihe model in this study. To keep the model with an acceptable performance, minimum model spatial resolution is needed. The suggested threshold model spatial resolution for modeling the Liujiang River basin flood is a 500 m  ×  500 m grid cell, but the model spatial resolution with a 200 m  ×  200 m grid cell is recommended in this study to keep the model at a better performance.
Chemical constituents of aerial parts of Thymus gobicus and their cholinesterase inhibitory activities
Authors: B Odonbayar , Murata T , Matsumoto N , J Batkhuu , Sasaki K
Published: February 2017

From an acetone-water (3:2) extract of aerial parts of Thymus gobicus Czern. (31.1 g), compounds 1-8 were obtained using high-performance liquid chromatography. Based on spectroscopic data, the isolated compounds were identified as rosmarinic acid (1), monardic acid A (2), nepetoidin B (3), aromadendrin (4), apigenin (5), chrysoriol (6), apigenin 7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (7), and apigenin 7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside methyl ester (8). Compound 2 was a (7R,8R)-diastereomer of lithospermic acid (2a). Although it was reported that the anti-allergic activity of lithospermic acid was higher than that of 2, the acetylcholine inhibitory activity of 2 was higher than that of lithospermic acid.
Variation in the Posterior Condylar Angle
Authors: Cielmski Łukasz , Kusz Damian , Wójcik Michał
Published: February 2017

Background. Clinical success of TKR depends to a large extent on the correct positioning of the implants. The femur cut is usually made in 3° of external rotation relative to the posterior aspect of the femoral condyles, which is a typical value of the Posterior Condylar Angle (PCA). The aim of this study was to assess variation in the PCA and to identify possible correlations between the value of the PCA and the following parameters: gender, body side, body height and weight (BMI).
Material and methods. The study group comprised 75 patients who underwent an Angio-CT study between 2012 and 2014 due to a suspected vascular disorder. For each knee, we measured the Posterior Condylar Angle and the Posterior Twist Angle.
Results. The mean Posterior Condylar Angle was 2.7±2.1°. The differences between males and females were not statistically significant. The angles showed a high degree of symmetry between the contralateral knees.
Conclusions. 1. Positioning of the femoral component of the knee joint endoprosthesis parallel to the transepicondylar line requires resecting the femur at approximately 3° of external rotation relative to the line tangential to the posterior aspect of the femoral condyles. This angle, however, may vary from 3.6° of internal rotation to 9.0° of external rotation which should be taken into consideration by the operating surgeon. 2. The values of the Posterior Condylar Angle do not correlate with gender, age, Body Mass Index and body side (with notable, near-perfect symmetry between the contralateral limbs). 3. In female patients, height and body weight may influence the Posterior Condylar Angle, but these correlations would require further studies of larger groups of patients. In male patients, we were unable to find such correlations.
Periprosthetic Metastatic Lesion in Stem Region after THA. Case Study
Authors: Płomiński Janusz , Pepłoński Artur , Jeśkiewicz Mateusz
Published: February 2017

The paper describes a periprosthetic metastatic lesion in the stem region which developed 4 years after cementless total hip arthroplasty in a 64-year-old female patient. The patient underwent primary THA due to osteoarthritis in 2010. In June 2014, she presented with increasing hip pain. Diagnostic imaging revealed a periprosthetic osteolytic lesion in the stem region. The patient was referred to the Orthopaedic Department for further evaluation with a suspicion of pyogenic osteomyelitis. An open surgical biopsy was performed. Histopathological examination indicated metastatic cancer originating from the lungs or thyroid. A PET-CT scan showed a metabolically active tumour in the parahilar area of the left lung with metastases to mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes, left adrenal gland, spleen and right proximal femur. In October 2014, a revision total hip arthroplasty with the use of a modular femoral resection stem was performed. Patient subsequently received oncologic treatment (chemotherapy and radiation therapy).
Incidencia de la distribución del tiempo no lectivo de los docentes en Educación Primaria en el aprendizaje de sus estudiantes
Authors: Martínez-Garrido Cynthia , Murillo F. Javier
Published: February 2017

Pretendemos determinar la incidencia del tiempo que los docentes iberoamericanos de Educación Primaria destinan a diferentes tareas no lectivas sobre el logro académico de sus estudiantes en Matemáticas y en Lectura. Para ello se ha realizado un estudio con 256 docentes de 9 países de Iberoamérica y sus 5.610 estudiantes. Se ha recogido información de la distribución del tiempo de los docentes, así como de las características de los estudiantes y su entorno, y de su rendimiento en Matemáticas y en Lectura, mediante pruebas previamente validadas para todos los países, al principio y al final del curso. Utilizando Modelos Multinivel de cuatro niveles de análisis (estudiante, aula, escuela y país),  encontramos que una mayor dedicación a tres tareas mejora significativamente el logro de los estudiantes: la preparación de las clases, la corrección de evaluaciones y el trabajo con familias. Y, por el contrario, una mayor dedicación a tareas administrativas hace que disminuya el logro de los estudiantes. Con estos resultados se aportan evidencias empíricas acerca de la necesidad de que los docentes tengan unas condiciones laborales adecuadas para desempeñar adecuadamente su trabajo. Así, es necesario considerar que el trabajo de los docentes no es solo estar frente al grupo, también hay que dejarles tiempo y espacios apropiados para que prepararen su trabajo en el aula. Igualmente, todo lo que sea minimizar las tareas administrativas a realizar por los docentes redundará en un mayor aprendizaje de los estudiantes, seguramente porque los docentes se dedicarán “a lo importante”.
Betaproteobacteria
Authors: Boden Rich
Published: September 2024

Be.ta.pro.te.o.bac.te'ri.a. Gr. neut. n.
bêta
, name of the second letter of Greek alphabet (indeclinable); Gr. masc. n.
Prōteus
, Greek god of the sea, capable of assuming many different shapes; N.L. masc. n.
bacter
, a rod, L. neut. pl. n. suff. ‐ia, ending to denote a class; N.L. neut. pl. n.
Betaproteobacteria
, class of bacteria included in the phylum
Proteobacteria
and having 16S rRNA gene sequences related to those of the members of the order
Spirillales
.

Pseudomonadota / Betaproteobacteria

Cells are morphologically diverse—rods, curved rods, spirillae, rings, cocci, reniform rods, stalked rods, multicellular “tablets,” palisades (“ribbons”), or filaments all occur in this class. Cells range from atrichous to monotrichous, amphitrichous or lophotrichous, with “degenerate flagella” in some families. Gliding motility is found in the
Neisseriales
. Gram‐stain‐negative. Endospores, exospores, and cysts are not produced. Metabolism is extremely variable from fermentation to diverse respiration (molecular oxygen, nitrate, nitrite, nitrous oxide, elementary sulfur, Fe(III), Mn(IV), selenite and/or (per)chlorate are used across the class). Growth ranges from heterotrophic to obligately autotrophic, facultatively autotrophic, or potentially obligately mixotrophic (
sensu
heterotrophy and autotrophy occurring simultaneously). Autotrophic taxa are mostly chemolithoautotrophic at the expense of Fe(II), ammonium, nitrite, molecular hydrogen, or reduced sulfur species, with photoautotrophy observed in some
Rhodocyclales
. Carbon and energy sources for heterotrophic growth include complex media, amino acids, intermediates of Krebs' cycle, aromatics, sugars, sterols, fatty acids, C
1
compounds, alcohols, and amino acids. Most taxa are mesophiles with optimal growth <50°C. Most genera are cytochrome
c
oxidase‐positive, but catalase activity is variable. The major respiratory quinone is ubiquinone‐8 (UQ‐8), though some taxa use menaquinone‐8 (MK‐8) or rhodoquinone‐8 (RQ‐8). Dominant fatty acids are C
16:0
, C
16:1
, and C
18:0
, with some variation across orders. The class accommodates the orders
Burkholderiales
,
Neisseriales
,
Spirillales
, and
Rhodocyclales
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 36.0–72.6 (genomic DNA).

Type genus
:
Burkholderia
Yabuuchi et al. 1993, VL45 emend. Gillis et al. 1995, Sawana et al. 2014, Dobritsa and Samadpour 2019.
Aureitalea
Authors: Yokota Akira
Published: September 2024

Au.re.i.ta'le.a. L. masc. adj.
aureus
, golden; L. fem. n.
talea
, a rod; N.L. fem. n.
Aureitalea
, golden rod.

Bacteroidetes / Flavobacteria / Flavobacteriales / Flavobacteriaceae / Aureitalea

The genus
Aureitalea
that accommodates an irregular rod‐shaped, nongliding, and yellow‐pigmented bacterium was isolated from seawater from the western North Pacific Ocean near Japan. The strain, designated S1‐66
T
, is Gram‐stain‐negative, obligately aerobic, heterotrophic, and oxidase‐positive. Growth occurs in the presence of 1–4% NaCl, with optimum growth at 2% NaCl. The strain grows at 15–30°C, with optimum growth at 20–25°C. The predominant isoprenoid quinone is MK‐6, and the major cellular fatty acids are iso‐C
15:0
(26.4%), iso‐C
15:1
(20.3%), and iso‐C
17:0
3‐OH (14.2%). Phylogenetic trees generated using 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain S1‐66
T
belongs to the family
Flavobacteriaceae
and showed 94.2% sequence similarity to the most closely related type strain,
Ulvibacter antarcticus
IMCC3101
T
. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic features, S1‐66
T
is classified in a novel genus and species within the family
Flavobacteriaceae
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 48.1 (HPLC).

Type species
:

Aureitalea marina

Park et al. 2012
VP
.
A High‐Precision Dynamic Movement Recognition Algorithm Using Multimodal Biological Signals for Human–Machine Interaction
Authors: Cao Chenhao , Ma Gang , Chen Zelin , Ouyang Yiming , Jin Hu , Zhang Shiwu
Published: September 2024

Accurate recognition of human dynamic movement is essential for seamless human–machine interaction (HMI) across various domains. However, most of the existing methods are single‐modal movement recognition, which has inherent limitations, such as limited feature representation and instability to noise, which will affect its practical performance. To address these limitations, this article proposes a novel fusion approach that can integrate two biological signals, including electromyography (EMG) and bioelectrical impedance (BI). The fusion method combines EMG for capturing dynamic movement features and BI for discerning key postures representing discrete points within dynamic movements. In this method, the identification of key postures and their temporal sequences provide a guiding framework for the selection and weighted correction of probability prediction matrices in EMG‐based dynamic recognition. To verify the effectiveness of the method, six dynamic upper limb movements and nine key postures are defined, and a Universal Robot that can follow movements is employed for experimental validation. Experimental results demonstrate that the recognition accuracy of the dynamic movement reaches 96.2%, representing an improvement of nearly 10% compared with single‐modal signal. This study illustrates the potential of multimodal fusion of EMG and BI in movement recognition, with broad prospects for application in HMI fields.
Ultrafast Tailoring Amorphous Zn0.25V2O5 with Precision‐Engineered Artificial Atomic‐Layer 1T′‐MoS2 Cathode Electrolyte Interphase for Advanced Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hu Chen , Li Binjie , Nie Kunkun , Wang Ziyi , Zhang Yujia , Yi Lixin , Hao Xiaorong , Zhang Huang , Chong Shaokun , Liu Zhengqing , Huang Wei
Published: September 2024

Vanadium (V)‐based oxides as cathode materials for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) still encounter challenges such as sluggish Zn2+ diffusion kinetics and V‐dissolution, thus leading to severe capacity fading and limited life span. Here, we designed an ultrafast and facile colloidal chemical synthesis strategy based on crystalline Zn0.25V2O5 (c‐ZVO) to successfully prepare a‐ZVO@MoS2 core@shell heterostructures, where atomic‐layer MoS2 uniformly coats on the surface of amorphous a‐ZVO. The tailored amorphous structure of a‐ZVO provides more isotropic pathways and active sites for Zn2+, thus significantly enhancing the Zn2+ diffusion kinetics during charge–discharge processes. Meanwhile, as an efficient artificial cathode electrolyte interphase, the precision‐engineered atomic‐layer MoS2 with semi‐metallic 1T′ phase not only contributes to improved electron transport but also effectively inhibits the V‐dissolution of a‐ZVO. Therefore, the prepared a‐ZVO@MoS2 and conceptually validated a‐V2O5@MoS2 derived from commercial c‐V2O5 exhibit excellent cycling stability at an ultralow current density (0.05 A g−1) while maintaining good rate capability and capacity retention. This research achievement provides a new effective strategy for various amorphous cathode designs for AZIBs with superior performance.
Serum CD5L as potential biomarker of thyroid hormone status during pregnancy
Authors: Asaad Sabrina , Chillon Thilo Samson , Filipowicz Dorota , Wilms Britta , Strenge Frank , Szczepanek‐Parulska Ewelina , Minich Waldemar B. , Meyhöfer Sebastian M. , Marquardt Jens U. , Mittag Jens , Oster Henrik , Ruchala Marek , Schomburg Lutz
Published: September 2024

The thyroid hormone (TH) status is routinely assessed by thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroxine (T4). Both biomarkers are mainly regulated by TH receptor beta, whereas many peripheral organs employ the alpha receptor. Serum cluster of differentiation 5‐like molecule (CD5L) is a liver‐derived protein under control of both TH receptor isoforms. However, clinical data on its relation to TH status are sparse. An additional biomarker of TH status is needed in particular during pregnancy, where the routine biomarkers become dynamically disturbed. This study aimed to determine possible covariates regulating serum CD5L and to test its potential suitability as additional TH biomarker during pregnancy. A sandwich ELISA for serum CD5L was established using newly raised antibodies. Circadian effects and the impact of liver disease on serum CD5L concentrations were assessed. Serum samples from pregnant women with well‐characterized TH and trace element status were analyzed, and CD5L concentrations were correlated with other indicators of TH status including TSH, fT4, fT3, copper, and selenium concentrations. The new quantitative assay for CD5L showed high accuracy. Serum CD5L was stable in dilution and refreezing experiments and did not show strong circadian variance or dependency on liver disease. In serum of pregnant women, CD5L correlated positively to fT3, but not to fT4 or TSH. Significant positive correlations of CD5L were observed with serum levels of the TH‐responsive trace elements selenium and copper. The data support the potential suitability of serum CD5L as an additional marker of TH status, with potential value for pregnancy and thyroid disease.
SLC25A19 drives colorectal cancer progression by regulating p53
Authors: Jiang Jinbo , Li Xuemei , Wang Jiayong , Chen Shaofei , Chen Lingjuan
Published: September 2024

Background

Investigating the molecular mechanism of colorectal cancer (CRC), a common lethal malignancies worldwide, is of great clinical significance. Solute carrier family 25 member 19 (SLC25A19) is a member of the solute carrier family that contribute to cellular functions, including tumor biology. Recently, many studies have attention on uncovering the relationship of SLC25A19 with malignant cancers, but its precise involvement in the regulation of CRC has not been thoroughly understood. This study sought to uncover the role and mechanism of SLC25A19 in CRC development.

Methods

The GEPIA database and immunohistochemical staining were utilized to detect the expression of SLC25A19 in CRC tissues. The functional influences of SLC25A19 on CRC cell phenotypes were evaluated through a series of assays including celigo cell count, colony formation, CCK‐8, flow cytometry, wound healing, and transwell assays following knocking down SLC25A19. Subsequently, the xenograft tumor model was constructed to evaluate the effect of SLC25A19 on tumor growth in vivo. The underlying mechanisms of SLC25A19 silencing were investigated using the human phospho‐kinase array.

Results

This study demonstrated the upregulation of SLC25A19 in CRC and its significant correlation with unfavorable prognosis in CRC patients. Suppression of SLC25A19 resulted in significant inhibition of cell proliferation, colony formation, and cell migration, alongside a boost in cell apoptosis. In vivo experiments revealed that silenced SLC25A19 displayed reduced growth rates and formed smaller xenografts. Mechanistically, the p53 pathway was found to be upregulated by SLC25A19 knockdown and mediated the function of SLC25A19.

Conclusions

Consequently, SLC25A19 was identified as a novel molecule with key regulatory ability in CRC development.
Serum CXCL13 as a Novel Biomarker in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Tojo Shin , Nakashiro Koh‐ichi , Kuribayashi Nobuyuki , Uchida Daisuke
Published: September 2024

Background

Despite its low sensitivity (approximately 30%), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen is commonly utilized as a serum tumor marker for oral SCC (OSCC) in clinical settings. The objective of this research was to identify novel biomarkers for OSCC.

Methods

Initially, we performed microarray analysis to evaluate the gene expression signatures of primary OSCC and normal oral mucosal tissues. Our findings showed the C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) to be a promising novel biomarker as it was consistently overexpressed in primary OSCC tissues, a conclusion corroborated by polymerase chain reaction results. Subsequently, we measured serum CXCL13 levels in 125 patients with OSCC using a sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and compared the results with those of 29 healthy individuals.

Results

Remarkably, the levels of serum CXCL13 were consistently elevated in patients with OSCC, and the high expression of serum CXCL13 was notably associated with tumor size and neck lymph node metastasis. Patients with advanced OSCC with high‐serum CXCL13 levels exhibited poor prognosis regarding both overall and disease‐free survival. Finally, spatial transcriptome analysis revealed CXCL13 and CD8 expressions within tumor area clusters but not in adjacent normal areas, suggesting specific overexpression of CXCL13 in primary OSCC tissues.

Conclusion

These findings imply that serum CXCL13 holds diagnostic and prognostic value, showing promise as a novel biomarker for OSCC.
Innovatives und umweltfreundliches Dichtungsmaterial
Authors: Wilken Sven
Published: September 2024

Nachhaltigkeit wird von dem Dichtungshersteller Klinger Germany ganz konkret in einem Produkt umgesetzt. Das neue Dichtungsmaterial Gaja enthält die größtmögliche Anzahl an erneuerbaren Rohstoffen. Sven Wilken erläutert im Interview die Entwicklung und die Vorteile des neuen Dichtungswerkstoffs aus Naturkautschuk und welche Maßnahmen der Hersteller ergreift, um seinen CO2‐Fußabruck zu senken.
Den Kreislauf in Schwung bringen
Authors: Rübberdt Kathrin , Wendler Katja
Published: September 2024

Woher kommen die Rohstoffe der Zukunft? Wie reduzieren wir Abfälle und bekämpfen gleichzeitig den Klimawandel? Diese Fragen stehen im Zentrum der Circular Economy, deren Hauptziel es ist, Stoffkreisläufe zu schließen. Ob seltene Metalle, Wasser oder Kohlenstoff – die Circular Economy fokussiert auf die Wiederverwendung von Ressourcen. Doch das System ist komplex und umfasst zahlreiche miteinander verknüpfte Kreisläufe. Ein aktuelles Dechema‐Statuspapier analysiert dieses Geflecht aus der Perspektive der Biotechnologie und der chemischen Verfahrenstechnik, denn diese Disziplinen sind entscheidend für die Umsetzung.
Effizientes Recycling von Lithiumbatterien
Authors: Niggemann Philip
Published: September 2024

Die EU‐Batterieverordnung strebt an bis 2027 50% des Lithiums durch Recycling zurückzugewinnen. Die komplexen Prozesse zum Recycling von Batteriematerialien erfordern eine interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit, um die optimale Prozesslösung zu finden und Anlagen danach zu bauen.
Mediations of executive function, social cognitions, and interpersonal conflict in explaining the impact of self‐esteem on disordered eating: structural equation modelling
Authors: Zanella Elise , Lee Eunro
Published: September 2024

The complexity of psychological mechanisms in disordered eating behaviours was tested using a nonclinical sample (female adults from English speaking countries, N = 334). Concerning the development and maintenance of disturbed cognition and eating behaviour, theories of self‐esteem, executive function, and emotion regulation as well as interpersonal and transdiagnostic theories and theory of mind were applied with covariates of depression, anxiety, family functioning, and demographic variables. Structural Equation Modelling demonstrated seven variables mediated the impact of self‐esteem upon disordered eating. The theory of mind variable, when measured on the emotion recognition component, was a significant mechanism in explaining both anorexic eating and shape concerns, and bulimic symptoms. Meanwhile, thwarted belongingness, social evaluation, social conflict, and executive function—cognitive flexibility—were suggested mechanisms for shape and weight concerns, and restrictive eating. In contrast, emotion regulation and another executive function variable of negative urgency appeared as mechanisms of bulimic symptoms and behaviours.
Morphology Regulation of Organophosphate Crystals by Micro‐Jetting Technique
Authors: Yang Qian , Yang Wenbo , Guo Zhaoyan , Zhou Yumeng , Ru Yue , Qi Guicun , Gao Dali , Tao Shengyang
Published: September 2024

Organophosphates nucleating agents are widely used in the plastics industry. Nucleating agents with different morphologies have various effects on the resin materials. The micro‐jetting technique is shown to be a promising tool for the controlled preparation of micro‐and nano‐sized particles. Therefore, in this paper, controllable preparation of sodium 2,2'‐methylene‐bis‐(4,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl) phosphate (NA11) is achieved by the micro‐jetting technique. The study focused on the impact of various parameters on its shape and size. Hexagonal, rhombic, rod‐shaped, and needle‐shaped micro‐sized NA11 crystals are prepared. The results show that the decrease in the polarity of the organic solvents added in the antisolvent water led to the transformation of NA11 from bulk hexagon to plate‐like rhombus and finally to needle‐shaped crystals. The addition of surfactants can regulate the crystal growth rates and orientations, thereby facilitating the formation of rod‐shaped crystals. Based on rod‐shaped crystals, the crystal size is studied. Crystals with average particle sizes in the range of 40–100 µm can be obtained with coefficients of variation as low as 4% by varying the relevant experimental parameters such as the supersaturation, the solution homogeneity in the crystal growth environment, and the mixing intensity. This study provides references for designing functional materials.
Recurrent wheezing and asthma—Epidemiology and environmental determinants
Authors: Ayuk Adaeze C.
Published: September 2024

Wheeze is the musical continuous sound produced by oscillations in any critically narrowed airways, and heard mostly on expiration. It is common in preschool age, about half of all children will experience an episode of wheezing by their sixth birthday. Asthma is usually characterized by cough, wheeze, chest tightness and fast breathing. It is a significant global health issue and affects both children and adults. The prevalence is on the increase, especially in LMIC. Studies from different populations have revealed the key role influencing the progression from preschool wheezing to childhood asthma. Recurrent wheezing is four or more episodes in the preceding year and has a spectrum of phenotypes and with heterogeneous features. Phenotypes of wheezing were proposed to facilitate the identification of young children who are at risk of subsequent development of asthma. The epidemiology and environmental determinants of recurrent wheezing and asthma are discussed.
Long‐Lasting, Transparent Antibacterial Shield: A Durable, Broad‐Spectrum Anti‐Bacterial, Non‐Cytotoxic, Transparent Nanocoating for Extended Wear Contact Lenses
Authors: Park Nahyun , Moon Chae‐Eun , Song Younseong , Yu Sun Sang , Kwon Ji‐Min , Yoon Sunghyun , Park Seonghyeon , Jeong Booseok , Yeun Jemin , Hardie Joseph Michael , Lee Jun‐ki , Lee Kyoung G. , Ji Yong Woo , Im Sung Gap
Published: September 2024

The increasing incidence of serious bacterial keratitis, a sight‐threatening condition often exacerbated by inadequate contact lens (CLs) care, highlights the need for innovative protective technology. This study introduces a long‐lasting antibacterial, non‐cytotoxic, transparent nanocoating for CLs via a solvent‐free polymer deposition method, aiming to prevent bacterial keratitis. The nanocoating comprises stacked polymer films, with poly(dimethylaminomethyl styrene‐co‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (pDE) as a biocompatible, antibacterial layer atop poly(2,4,6,8‐tetramethyl‐2,4,6,8‐tetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane) (pV4D4) as an adhesion‐promoting layer. The pD6E1‐grafted (g)‐pV4D4 film shows non‐cytotoxicity toward two human cell lines and antibacterial activity of >99% against four bacteria, including methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), an antibiotic‐resistant bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which causes ocular diseases. Additionally, the film demonstrates long‐lasting antibacterial activity greater than 96% against MRSA for 9 weeks in phosphate‐buffered saline. To the best knowledge, this duration represents the longest reported long‐term stability with less than 5% decay of antibacterial performance among contact‐killing antibacterial coatings. The film exhibits exceptional mechanical durability, retaining its antibacterial activity even after 15 washing cycles. The pD6E1‐g‐pV4D4‐coated CL maintains full optical transmittance compared to that of pristine CL. It is expected that the unprecedentedly prolonged antibacterial performance of the coating will significantly alleviate the risk of infection for long‐term CL users.
A Self‐Driven Ga2O3 Memristor Synapse for Humanoid Robot Learning
Authors: Zhang Jianya , Li Jiamin , Xu Rui , Wang Yudie , Wang Jiawen , Wang Tianxiang , Zhao Yukun
Published: September 2024

In recent years, the rapid development of brain‐inspired neuromorphic systems has created an imperative demand for artificial photonic synapses that operate with low power consumption. In this study, a self‐driven memristor synapse based on gallium oxide (Ga2O3) nanowires is proposed and demonstrated successfully. This memristor synapse is capable of emulating a range of functionalities of biological synapses when exposed to 255 nm light stimulation. These functionalities encompass peak time‐dependent plasticity, pulse facilitation, and memory learning capabilities. It exhibits an ultrahigh paired‐pulse facilitation index of 158, indicating exceptional learning performance. The transition from short‐term memory to long‐term memory can be attributed to the remarkable relearning capabilities. Furthermore, the potential applications of the memristor synapse is showcased through the successful manipulation of a humanoid intelligent robot. Upon establishing artificial intelligence (AI) systems, the control commands originating from the synaptic device can drive the humanoid robot to perform various actions. Based on the memristor synapses, the autonomous feedback system of the humanoid robot facilitates a good collaboration between robotic actions and bio‐inspired light perception. Therefore, this research opens up an effective way to advance the development of neuromorphic computing technologies, AI systems, and intelligent robots that demand ultra‐low energy consumption.
Roll‐to‐Roll Manufactured Polyetherimide Nanocomposite With Different Diameters of SiO2 Nanoparticles Exhibiting Improved High‐Temperature Dielectric Energy Storage Performance
Authors: Sun Binzhou , Guo Zongqiang , Wang Jian , Zhao Zihan , Yu Tianjiao , Shen Zhonghui , Shen Yang , Hu Penghao
Published: September 2024

To enhance the high‐temperature energy storage performance of the polymer‐based dielectric film, inorganic nanofillers with large band gaps are much more effective and have been widely adopted. However, the impact of nanoparticle diameters on the dielectric properties of polymer nanocomposites has been less studied. Herein, silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2‐NPs) with varying diameters (20, 60, 120, 200 nm) prepared by the sol‐gel method are incorporated in the PEI matrix to form PEI/SiO2 nanocomposites. The characterization results reveal a distinct correlation between the dielectric properties of polyetherimide (PEI) composites and the diameters of SiO2‐NPs. Leakage current density analysis and breakdown strength simulations indicate that SiO2‐NPs with smaller diameters generate more deep traps that impede the transport of charge carriers, especially under high temperatures. Notably, PEI/20 nm‐SiO2 exhibits a high discharged energy density of 4.4 J cm−3 with an efficiency of 90% at 150 °C. Furthermore, PEI/SiO2 films with 10 µm in thickness are manufactured by a large‐scale solution casting process. The continuously prepared PEI/20 nm‐SiO2 film exhibits a discharged energy density of 3.2 J cm−3 with an efficiency of 90% at 150 °C. This study not only provides a strategy for the design of high‐performance dielectric polymer composites but also offers a large‐scale high‐temperature dielectric film for practical use.
Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide: The Public Provision of Death as a New Bio-Right?
Authors: Pereira-Sáez Carolina
Published: September 2024

In certain countries, the public authorities have shaped the provision of death on request, in certain circumstances, as a legal right, implying a public obligation to dispense death. Death is thus the provision to be supplied, the object of the right. Spain's latest legislation on euthanasia and assisted suicide is a paradigmatic case. The purpose of this paper is to consider this bio-right as a new right, belonging to a new and distinct category of rights –not just a further generation of rights continuing the previous ones. To this end, it firstly focuses on the claim that this new bio-right is grounded on classic rights, of previous generations –a claim found both in the academic discourse and in recent Spanish legislation. Secondly, therefore, it tries to analyse the relevant features of this new bio-right that can also be found in other new rights, in order to confirm a previously launched proposal for the differentiation of this new category of rights. Finally, in conclusion, it points out some aspects of the understanding of the Law that these new rights imply: new rights form part of a Law that is also new.
Digitale Bildung in den Bildungsplänen
Authors: Mues Anna , Wirth Astrid , Schiele Tina , Niklas Frank
Published: September 2024

Die Bildungspläne, die die Rahmenbedingungen für die Bildungsarbeit in Kitas festlegen, unterscheiden sich von Bundesland zu Bundesland und sind nicht verpflichtend. Dennoch finden sich aufgrund der zunehmenden Digitalisierung in fast allen Bildungsplänen medienpädagogische Themen. Kinder sollen durch, über und mit Medien lernen. Besonders wichtig ist dabei die Förderung der kindlichen Medienkompetenz, des kritisch-reflexiven Umgangs mit Medien und der gesellschaftlichen Teilhabe. Trotz der Verankerung in den Bildungsplänen bleibt allerdings die praktische Umsetzung in den Kitas uneinheitlich, da sie von den verfügbaren Ressourcen und den Einstellungen der pädagogischen Fachkräfte abhängt. Für eine angemessene Umsetzung der Bildungspläne sind sowohl eine geeignete technische Ausstattung als auch die medienpädagogische Weiterbildung der Fachkräfte erforderlich.
Digitalisierung in Kitas
Authors: Mues Anna , Wirth Astrid , Schiele Tina , Niklas Frank
Published: September 2024

Digitalisierung in Kitas ist unverzichtbar und umfasst medienpädagogische Arbeit, administrative Aufgaben und eine angemessene Nutzung durch die Kinder. Zentral ist hierbei die Förderung der Medienkompetenz sowohl der Kinder als auch der Fachkräfte. Medienkompetenz geht über die technische Bedienung digitaler Geräte hinaus und umfasst kognitive, emotionale, ästhetische und moralische Aspekte. Für eine erfolgreiche Integration digitaler Medien in die Kita sind kompetente Fachkräfte, eine angemessene Ausstattung und gezielte Unterstützung unerlässlich. Ein strukturiertes Medienkonzept und eine sorgfältige Bedarfsplanung sind dabei von zentraler Bedeutung. Wissenschaftliche Befunde zeigen, dass digitale Medien die Bildung fördern können, wenn sie qualitativ hochwertig sind und von Erwachsenen begleitet werden. Ein intelligentes Risikomanagement minimiert potentielle Gefahren durch geeignete Schutzmaßnahmen und die Einhaltung rechtlicher Vorgaben.
Drugs, Gangs, and Social Media in Provincial England
Authors: Warburton Jack
Published: September 2024

One summer in a small English town, a group of youths fatally attacked another over his affiliation to a rival ‘gang’ before posting the footage on social media as a warning. The case shocked the small town, and highlighted the presence of gangs outside of the major urban areas that tend to be prioritised in the literature. When these areas are considered within the literature, it is most often through the paradigm of county lines, with the focus on the ‘invasive’ groups engaging in this trade, often overlooking the role of ‘home grown’ crime groups. Subsequently, this research seeks to answer the following questions: What do street gangs in the United Kingdom look like outside major urban areas and how do these groups use social media? Through the completion of a series of in-depth interviews, that were complemented with analysis of secondary sources including non-public and police files in ‘Countyshire’ (pseudonym) this paper reveals a number of key findings. Gangs outside major urban areas are just as sophisticated and criminally motivated as their urban counterparts, and that through attempts to control the drugs trade, they begin to display dimensions of rudimentary criminal governance. Additionally, this paper through a focus on social media, has shown how these technologies have benefitted gangs, with expressive use facilitating and establishing reputations for violence and success. Social media use has also been instrumental, allowing direct engagement in the drugs trade and the recruitment of young people into and eventual control within gangs.
Cohomogeneity one solitons for the isometric flow of $$\textrm{G}_2$$-structures
Authors: Ivey Thomas A. , Karigiannis Spiro
Published: September 2024

We consider the existence of cohomogeneity one solitons for the isometric flow of $$\textrm{G}_2$$

G
2

-structures on the following classes of torsion-free $$\textrm{G}_2$$

G
2

-manifolds: the Euclidean $${\mathbb {R}}^7$$

R

7

with its standard $$\textrm{G}_2$$

G
2

-structure, metric cylinders over Calabi–Yau 3-folds, metric cones over nearly Kähler 6-manifolds, and the Bryant–Salamon $$\textrm{G}_2$$

G
2

-manifolds. In all cases we establish existence of global solutions to the isometric soliton equations, and determine the asymptotic behaviour of the torsion. In particular, existence of shrinking isometric solitons on $${\mathbb {R}}^7$$

R

7

is proved, giving support to the likely existence of type I singularities for the isometric flow. In each case, the study of the soliton equation reduces to a particular nonlinear ODE with a regular singular point, for which we provide a careful analysis. Finally, to simplify the derivation of the relevant equations in each case, we first establish several useful Riemannian geometric formulas for a general class of cohomogeneity one metrics on total spaces of vector bundles which should have much wider application, as such metrics arise often as explicit examples of special holonomy metrics.
Quality of IVM ovarian tissue oocytes: impact of clinical, demographic, and laboratory factors
Authors: Kashutina Maria , Obosyan Lilia , Bunyaeva Ekaterina , Zhernov Yury , Kirillova Anastasia
Published: September 2024

Purpose

To determine how clinical, demographic, and laboratory characteristics influence ovarian tissue oocyte quality.

Methods

Immature cumulus-oocyte complexes were isolated from removed ovaries and cultured for 48–52 h in either monophasic standard or biphasic CAPA media for fertility preservation. A total of 355 MII oocytes from 53 patients were described for intracytoplasmic and extracytoplasmic anomalies. Multiple clinical, laboratory, and demographic characteristics were analyzed. Statistically significant differences between independent groups in qualitative variables were identified using Pearson’s χ2 and Fisher’s exact tests. The diagnostic value of quantitative variables was assessed using the ROC curve analysis. Factors associated with the development of dysmorphism, taking patient age into account, were identified using the binary logistic regression analysis.

Results

Dysmorphisms were observed in 245 oocytes (69.0%), with a median number of dysmorphisms of 2. Oocyte dysmorphisms were found to be 2.211 times more likely to be detected in patients with ovarian cancer, while the presence of dark-colored cytoplasm was associated with gynecologic surgery in the anamnesis (p = 0.002; OR 16.652; 95% CI, 1.977–140.237; Cramer’s V 0.187). Small polar bodies developed 2.717 times more often (95% CI, 1.195–6.18) in patients older than 35. In the case of ovarian transportation on ice at 4 ℃, the chances of development of cytoplasmic granularity increased 2.569 times (95% CI, 1.301–5.179). The use of biphasic CAPA IVM media contributed to a decrease in the probability of large polar body formation (p = 0.034) compared to the standard monophasic IVM media.

Conclusions

Both patients’ characteristics and laboratory parameters have an impact on the quality of IVM ovarian tissue oocytes.
Neurotoxin-Derived Optical Probes for Elucidating Molecular and Developmental Biology of Neurons and Synaptic Connections
Authors: Bijjam Rohini , Shorter Susan , Bratt Alison M. , O’Leary Valerie B. , Ntziachristos Vasilis , Ovsepian Saak Victor
Published: September 2024

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) and tetanus toxin (TeTX) are the deadliest biological substances that cause botulism and tetanus, respectively. Their astonishing potency and capacity to enter neurons and interfere with neurotransmitter release at presynaptic terminals have attracted much interest in experimental neurobiology and clinical research. Fused with reporter proteins or labelled with fluorophores, BoNTs and TeTX and their non-toxic fragments also offer remarkable opportunities to visualize cellular processes and functions in neurons and synaptic connections. This study presents the state-of-the-art optical probes derived from BoNTs and TeTX and discusses their applications in molecular and synaptic biology and neurodevelopmental research. It reviews the principles of the design and production of probes, revisits their applications with advantages and limitations and considers prospects for future improvements. The versatile characteristics of discussed probes and reporters make them an integral part of the expanding toolkit for molecular neuroimaging, promoting the discovery process in neurobiology and translational neurosciences.