bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LIMITATIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF FARMS IN THE REGION OF WARMIA AND MAZURY IN THE CONTEXT OF CHANGES IN THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Grzybowska-Brzezińska Mariola , Lizińska Wiesława , Gornowicz Mirosław
Published: March 2023

The main objective of the research was to diagnose the conditions for the development of farms implementing production in the conventional and ecological system, in the conditions set out in the Strategic Plan for the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) after 2023. In the study were used data obtained in direct surveys conducted in 2022 among the owners of farms from the region of Warmia and Mazury. 165 owners of conventional farms and 158 owners of organic farms participated in the research. The surveyed farm owners, despite a skeptical attitude towards solutions regarding the European Green Deal (EGD), lack of acceptance of the implementation of selected assumptions of this policy, e.g. restrictions on the use of mineral fertilizers and eco-schemes, were in favor of functioning within the EU structures. As a threat to the development of agriculture, leaving the EU structures or resigning from using EU funds were indicated. The contemporary geopolitical situation, restrictions on the import and export of raw materials to Ukraine and the lack of stability on many markets were also indicated as a potential limitation of development. The main potential opportunities for the development of agriculture in Poland, in the opinion of the surveyed owners of farms operating under the conventional production system, are the conditions created for small and medium-sized farms and the increase in demand for agricultural services. In the opinion of the owners of farms implementing production under ecological systems, the assumptions of the new CAP and the EGD may be an opportunity to strengthen the profitability of these entities and to search for alternative sources of income.
APPLYING THE CLASSIFICATION TREE MODEL IN CREDIT RISK ASSESSMENT
Authors: Dacko Mariusz , Kurczyna Ireneusz
Published: March 2023

The aim of the study was to assess the possibility of using the classification tree model as a tool supporting the banks operations by reducing credit risk. The question of the possibility of using advanced statistical models as tools to support the activities of banks was presented. A classification tree model was demonstrated to reduce risk in credit decision-making. On the basis of a database of 1,308 successful credit applications (in 2015-2015), described by a set of 27 characteristics of a potential borrower. The model with 93% accuracy indicated statistical regularities allowing to identify a priori credit applicants customers who will fulfill the contract and customers who are likely to have problems with credit repayment. The first criterion for dividing the set of customers into good and bad was default in the last three years. Other important risk factors were having a limit in the ROR, having an account with the lending bank and the amount of debits declared by the applicant. The age of the borrower and his occupation were also important. Against the background of the results obtained, the possibilities offered by the classification tree model were discussed, and attention was paid to its intuitiveness and ease of interpretation. The benefits of using such models in managing the risks associated with the credit activities carried out by cooperative banks were analysed.
TRANSPORT EFFECTIVENESS OF GROCERY SHOPS DELIVERIES
Authors: Lorencowicz Edmund , Uziak Jacek
Published: March 2023

The paper presents the analysis of groupage transport supplying meat and meat products from wholesalers to grocery shops. The analysis uses transport efficiency indicators related to time management and is based on data collected for two cases, in two periods of 20 working days each. Based on the data collected by self-registration, loading lists, drivers records in a self-prepared schedule and supplementary interviews with the driver, the following indicators were calculated and discussed: daily load, daily distance, time of transport processes, technical and operational speeds, transport work, vehicle and time efficiencies, and vehicle performance. The most important factors affecting the efficiency were determined. It was found that the daily load varies and depends, not only on the route and the number of pick-up points, but also on the days of the week. It was revealed that in the working time structure, the time of driving with a load was on average from 31% to 44% of the overall time. Transport work varied, depending on the route, from 12.1 to 119.0 tkm, and vehicle performance, from 2.05 to 19.11 tkm/h. The time efficiency ratio ranged from 0.38 to 0.45, and the transport efficiency from 0.82 to 0.86. The possibility of optimizing the routes and improving the indicators are related to, among others, vehicles technical accessories and warehouses equipment facilitating faster unloading and loading, as well as digitization of ordering and delivery settling processes.
AGRICULTURE AS A SECTOR OF PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF RURAL INHABITANTS IN THE MAZOWIECKIE REGION
Authors: Drejerska Nina
Published: March 2023

The study aims to identify the importance of agriculture as a sector of professional activity of the inhabitants of rural areas in the Mazowieckie Region. The statistical section uses data from Eurostat and data available from the Local Data Bank, including the Labour Force Survey. The empirical research used the CAWI method, with a questionnaire on the webankieta platform directed to rural inhabitants of the region during the second quarter of 2022. It can be concluded that in comparison to other areas in Poland, the Mazowieckie Region is characterised by the most favourable employment structure with the highest percentage of employees in services (66%) and relatively average values for the rate of employees in the other two sectors (agriculture 9%, industry and services 24%). Results of empirical research among rural inhabitants of the region can lead to at least two significant conclusions farm work is still important for the investigated group. However, most respondents were employed or self-employed. It can also be noticed that the public sector (e.g. administration, education) plays a significant role for the local labour markets.
THE SIGNIFICANCE AND ESSENCE OF ESG IN THE FOOD SECTOR IN POLAND
Authors: Gołębiewski Jarosław
Published: March 2023

The aim of the article is to assess the proposed EU regulations on the use of ESG (environment, society and corporate governance) in the food sector in Poland. The source of materials for the analysis were reports on sustainable development of the UN, European Environment Agency, European Commission and information from companies that are already implementing ESG principles. The essence and importance of ESG and the strategies used so far for sustainable production practices are discussed. An attempt was made to determine how companies in the food industry using ESG can improve their financial results. Key legal regulations were presented and the importance of ESG factors in building the value of enterprises in the agri-food sector was indicated. It was pointed out that companies from the food industry play an important role in meeting the needs of the population, both in terms of food and in solving the problem of the climate crisis. The growing importance of ESG issues creates both challenges and opportunities for the Polish food sector. Due to the growing interest of consumers and investors in the issues of evaluating companies according to ESG principles, the pressure to report these activities in company reports is growing. It has been shown that the implementation of environmental, social and corporate governance in enterprises is a necessity in the context of generating value and competitive advantage of enterprises.
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE INCOME BASE OF SELECTED COMMUNES OF THE EASTERN POLAND MACROREGION IN THE CONTEXT OF THEIR FINANCIAL STABILITY
Authors: Cyburt Agnieszka
Published: March 2023

The main goal of the research was to determine the importance of the income base in the process of financial stability building in local government units. Quantitative and qualitative analysis were used because the comparison method and the diagnostic survey method were involved. The survey covered 189 small communes (up to 5,000 inhabitants) from the Eastern Poland macroregion. The choice of the Eastern Poland macroregion was intentional and dictated by its poor financial potential. The time range of the research covered data for the years 2019-2021. The main source of data was information obtained from the Ministry of Finance and the Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office. The obtained results confirmed that among small communes of the Eastern Poland macroregion, the level of income that forming their income base was varied and changed in the analyzed period. The nature of changes in the income base of communes was not uniformed, as the number of communes with the lowest level of total and own income decreased, while the number of communes with a higher level of the mentioned income categories increased. The stability of the number of communes with the highest values of these incomes was also confirmed. The importance of income in building the financial stability of small communes was proved by the opinions of their authorities. Differences were found between the five voivodeships in the perception of significant factors determining the financial stability of small communes in the opinion of their commune heads.
Uji Aktivitas Farmakologi Secara In Vitro Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli dari Bunga Kacapiring (Gardenia jasminoides) Melalui Metode Bioteknologi Fermentasi Kombucha
Authors: Susilowati Susilowati , Firman Rezaldi  , Fadillah M.Fariz , Priyoto Priyoto , Galaresa Achmad Vindo
Published: March 2023

Kombucha yang berbahan dasar bunga kacapiring merupakan  salah satu minuman probiotik yang terbukti memiliki aktivitas farmakologi secara in vitro sebagai antibakteri Staphylococcus aureus maupun Eschechia coli. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas farmakologi pada masing-masing konsentrasi gula sebesar 20%, 30%, dan 40% dalam menghambat kedua pertumbuhan bakteri uji. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental yaitu dengan cara membuat sediaan kombucha bunga kacapiring pada konsentrasi gula sebesar 20%, 30%, dan 40%, serta menyediakan kontrol positif berupa kombucha yang berbahan dasar teh hitam, dan juga akuades sebagai kontrol negatif. Difusi cakram merupakan salah satu metode dalam pengujian aktivitas farmakologi pada kombucha bunga kacapiring beserta kedua pembanding nya terhadap kedua pertumbuhan bakteri uji. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa ANOVA satu jalur dengan taraf kepercayaan sebesar 95% dan dilakukan uji lanjut berupa analisis pos hoci. Hasil penelitian ini telah membuktikan bahwa kombucha bunga kacapirimg pada konsentrasi gula sebesar 40% berbeda nyata dengan konsentrasi gula sebesar 20% dan 30% dalam menghambat kedua pertumbuhan bakteri uji, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa masing-masing konsentrasi gula berkolerasi secara positif dalam menghambat kedua pertumbuhan bakteri uji dan konsentrasi gula sebesar 40% merupakan konsentrasi yang terbaik dalam menghambat kedua pertumbuhan bakteri uji berdasarkan kemampuan atau aktivitas farmakologinya secara in vitro.
The Accuracy of Rapid Urine Tests in Detecting Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Pregnancy at University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Authors: Kwari, Shiktira Danladi , Chama Calvin Mailaya , Gadzama Galadima Bala
Published: March 2023

Background: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is the most prevalent Urinary tract infection (UTI). The gold standard for detecting ASB is urine culture, which requires trained personnel who are not always readily available in some parts of the world. Quick office-based tests such as urine microscopy and reagent strip testing are also used as screening tests at points of care, reserving culture for positive and symptomatic cases. Objectives: This study determined the risk factors for ASB and the accuracy of reagent strip testing and microscopy in detecting ASB among pregnant women. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 150 women attending the antenatal clinic of the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH) in Maiduguri, Nigeria, was conducted from 3rd October to 13th December 2010. Demographic and clinical variables were obtained. Midstream urine specimens were collected from each patient and used for reagent strip testing, microscopy, culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing. The performance of the various tests alone and in combination was evaluated using urine culture as the standard. Results: Sickle cell trait, history of UTI before index pregnancy and anaemia at booking were significant risk factors for the development of ASB. A combination of positive leucocyte esterase and nitrite tests had specificity and a positive predictive value of 100% each. Similarly, the combination of pus cell count and gram stain, termed enhanced urinalysis had specificity and positive predictive values of 99.1% and 95.0%, respectively. Conclusion: Sickle cell trait, UTI before index pregnancy and anaemia at booking are significant risk factors for ASB. A combination of negative dipstick leucocyte esterase, nitrite, and negative enhanced urinalysis effectively rules out ASB. Urine culture can be restricted to positive and symptomatic patients.
Giant Exophytic Cavernous Hemangioma Of The Liver In A Middle-aged West-african Woman: A Case Report
Authors: Guduf Mohammed Ibrahim , Udeh Clement Chukwudi , Shaibu Agene Samson , Felix Michael Shalzim
Published: March 2023

Background: Hemangiomas are the most common benign liver tumor. While the majority of these lesions remain asymptomatic, the giant ones often produce symptoms that would prompt intervention. Modern imaging studies have made diagnosing most of these lesions pre-operatively possible. However, as our case presentation illustrates, in resource-poor countries with limited availability of modern imaging studies, diagnosis may still be delayed. Case Report: We present a 54-year-old woman who was referred to us on account of a symptomatic abdominal mass that was found, on ultrasound, to be heterogenous in nature and located in the upper abdomen. She was subsequently able to do only an abdominal computed tomography, which was not typical for the diagnosis of hemangioma. She had surgical resection of the liver mass with an uneventful recovery. Her symptoms resolved afterwards, and the mass was confirmed to be a hemangioma histologically. We reviewed the clinical peculiarities of exophytic liver hemangiomas and their radiological features, especially the essential diagnostic features on axial imaging. The various treatment options for symptomatic hemangiomas were explored, including the advantages of enucleation and why our patient could not benefit from it. Conclusion: Liver hemangiomas may require treatment when symptomatic. These lesions can be diagnosed with high-quality radiological imaging and surgically resected if indicated. Where imaging facilities are scarce, thorough patient evaluation and sound surgical decision-making are emphasised
Multiscale approaches to music and the embodied brain
Authors: Waddington T. , Balasubramaniam R.
Published: March 2023

A wide body of research is currently being devoted to investigating the multiscale processes across the brain and body, and the nature of their interactions. The purpose of this paper is to supplement these analyses of brain and body dynamics by providing a comprehensive account of the multiscale organisations also found in music, and ways in which these systems interact. We proceed in identifying scaling laws as a signature for multiscale features of a system and make the methodological choice of distinguishing 1) scale free structure from 2) scale free dynamics. We follow these distinctions in demonstrating how specifically i.) hierarchical temporal structures, ii.) long-range temporal correlations, and iii.) musical information as scale free structures relate to activity in the brain and body at various temporal or spatial scales during music perception and performance. Further, this is paralleled by fixing our focus to a limited choice of scale free dynamics, namely, iv.) resonance and entrainment, v.) power law distributions, and vi.) 1/f scaling. Though the ubiquitous scaling relations across musical activities, performance and music itself touch on the theme of universality, we outline how differing theoretical proposals concerning the relation between brain, body and musical environment arise in such contexts. Using these examples, we identify their overlap and divergence, and propose future directions for inquiry along these lines.
Clinical expressions in children born from mothers infected by the zika virus during pregnancy Pediatric Hospital Borrás-Marfán. 2016-2018
Authors: Morales-Peralta Estela , Alonso-Valle Amanda , Huertas-Pérez Gretell , Marrero-Domínguez Flabia , Suárez-Besil Beatriz , Marcheco-Teruel Beatriz
Published: March 2023

Introduction: the infection of the Zika virus that is endemic in Asia and Africa has now been extended to the Americas. This virus is considered teratogenic, producing a new disease that must be studied in depth.
Objetives: this is to identify the clinical expressions found in children from mothers infected with the Zika virus during their pregnancy, and thereby establish the possible association of the time of the prenatal exposure to the Zika virus and the positive clinical findings.
Methods: we carried out a transversal descriptive study, with 86 children from women having had an infection by the Zika virus, which were pregnant between January 2016 and December 2018. For the correlation between the presence of positive findings and the trimester of pregnancy at the detection of the infection by the Zika virus, we used Spearman’s correlation with a significance level of p ≤ 0,05.
Results: out of the total number of patients included in the study, 27 expressed a positive clinical finding. Among the neurological disorders, those related to muscular tone were the most frequent (15,48 %), followed by psychomotor retardation (10,71 %) and microcephaly (9,52 %). An association was observed between the prenatal exposure to the Zika virus during the first trimester of pregnancy and the presence of positive clinical findings.
Conclusions: there was a prevalence of neurological expressions, followed by visual expressions. The evidence proved that the exposure to the Zika virus during the first trimester of pregnancy had a teratogenic effect
Level of academic satisfaction of rotating interns in the nursing career
Authors: Guangasi Pinto Erika Michelle , Fernández Nieto Miriam Ivonne
Published: March 2023

Introduction: academic satisfaction is an aspect that is perceived by students differently, depending on their perspective, the same which can be positive or negative. Satisfaction lies in the enjoyment and well-being they experience when they receive the different services offered by the University.
Objective: to evaluate the level of academic satisfaction of rotating interns of the Nursing career at the Technical University of Ambato (UTA).
Methods: the present study has a quantitative, descriptive, non-experimental approach with a sample of 139 rotating interns of the Nursing career. Data collection was done through a physical survey for the analysis of the collected data.
Results: the study corresponds to 23 male interns and 116 female interns. The level of academic satisfaction is "satisfied" this is moderately acceptable, corresponds to 59 % of the students surveyed, followed by 57 % of the students responding to the items Teaching Team and Teaching-Learning Method; and Career Infrastructure.
Conclusions: at the end of this research it can be evidenced that a large percentage of students are satisfied with the academic level and with the infrastructure and services offered by the nursing career. Academic satisfaction makes it possible to determine both the benefits and the shortcomings of the institution, and the measures that should be taken to improve it
Trying to unplug for 24 hours: Conspiracy mentality predicts social isolation and negative emotions when refraining from internet use
Authors: Jetten Jolanda , Zhao Chongting , Álvarez Belén , Kaempf Sebastian , Mols Frank
Published: March 2023

Imagine that you pledge to not go online for 24 hours. How would you feel? And is your unplugging experience affected by the extent to which you believe in conspiracy theories? In two studies, we invited participants to unplug for 24 hours from all digital media and online content (e.g., internet-based television, radio, digital newspapers, smart phones, and social media apps). In a Chinese sample (Study 1, N = 97) we found that feeling less socially supported and more isolated during the unplugging experience did not affect positive emotions and that unplugging was associated with more negative emotions and lower life satisfaction. This association was replicated for negative emotions in an Australian sample (Study 2, N = 102). Furthermore, there was evidence in both studies that believing more strongly in conspiracy theories was associated with more negative emotions during the unplugging experience. Higher social isolation and lower social support mediated the relationship between conspiracy beliefs and negative emotions during unplugging. Our results suggest that part of the reason people feel negative about unplugging is because they feel they are cut off from social support — an aversive experience that is particularly prevalent among those who embrace conspiracy theories to a greater extent.
Default Prediction for Loan Lenders Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, Federal University Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria, Egwa Awuza Abdulrashid
Published: March 2023

Credit loans are considered most essential aspect of most financial institutions. All loan mortgagees or lenders are demanding to identify out effective commercial and business approaches to encourage customers to apply their credit loans. There are numerous business patrons who act negatively after their requests got approval. To avert this condition, lenders have to discover some techniques to forecast customer’s behaviors. This resulted to the usage of machine learning algorithms by the financial lending institutions for accessing loan applicants. Despite advancements in automating decision-based loan systems, most existing models do not consider the “early loan repayment” attribute as a factor in resolving this prediction error. In reality, the amendment for preliminary loan reimbursement in model building is obligatory, since a larger numbers of timely loan reimbursement observed during the loan period, reduces default rate. For effective model’s comparison based on accuracy and minimum errors of prediction, six supervised machine learning algorithms i.e. Random Forest, Artificial Neural Network, Classification and Regression Tree, Support Vector Machine, Logistic Regression, and Naïve Bayes were adopted to develop a default prediction models which include the early loan repayment attribute. The models were trained and tested on a loan dataset consisting of attributes with, and without early loan repayment attribute and were evaluated using five performance metrics. The results of the performance evaluation show that models that account for early loan repayment have higher accuracy, recall, precision, Root Mean Square Error and Receiver Operative Characteristics curve values than models trained without the early loan repayment attribute. The Random forest model proofed to be the best predictive model having 93% accuracy, 11% RMSE, 90% precision, 89% recall and 81% ROC value over others models.
Optimisation of dilute acid hydrolysis for bioethanol production from selected agricultural wastes
Authors:   Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, 27607 USA, El-Imam Amina Ahmed
Published: March 2023

Firstly, yeasts were isolated from rotting orange and subjected to ethanol tolerance screening. Next, the substrates were subjected to dilute acid hydrolysis using different concentrations of HNO3 (3 %, 4 % and 5 %) at 20 % solid loading and then autoclaved at 121 oC for 30 minutes. Dilute acid optimisation yielded varying amounts of reducing sugars. The 3 %, 4 % and 5 % HNO3 solutions produced hydrolysates with the highest amounts of reducing sugars of 19.28 g/L, 16.36 g/L and 7.59 g/L from cassava peels, corn bran, and millet bran, respectively. Hydrolysate fermentation resulted in bioethanol concentrations of 7.73 g/L from cassava peels hydrolysate, 8.98 g/L from corn bran hydrolysate and 1.69 g/L from millet bran hydrolysate.
Estimating the Shape Parameter of the Exponential-Weibull Distribution using Bayesian Technique
Authors:   Department of Statistics, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria, Duru Duru Faith Nick P N
Published: March 2023

The Exponenial-Weibull Distribution (EWD) has been found to be useful in modeling and prediction of real life events. Its three parameter property makes it more flexible in modeling/accommodating dataset of different characteristics. However, Bayesian technique which is more robust and efficient in most cases, has not been used to estimate the shape parameter of this very important distribution. In view of this, Bayesian technique has been employed to estimate the shape parameter of the distribution. The performance of the technique is assessed and compared with that of maximum likelihood using Monte-carlo simulation. One informative and two non-informative priors as well as three loss functions were used for the study. The results showed that; Bayesian technique produced estimators with lower MSEs regardless of the chosen sample size and parameter value.
Harnessing Cloud Computing in Nigerian Educational Sector
Authors:   Department of Information Technology, Federal University Dutse, Ahmad Salim
Published: March 2023

Due to the rapid development of technology today, lots of technological advancements are on the high increase. Information storage for individual and organizations including educational sector is taking another dimension. Harnessing cloud computing in educational sector will definitely lead to the adoption of Cloud Computing in the sector. Cloud Computing is everything that could answer the challenges of ICT in educational sector and the ability to make ICT resources cheaper and it gives great flexibility for expansion, but suffered a lot of setbacks when it comes to security and privacy concerns. Since, it is where software applications, data storage and processing capacity are accessed over the internet. This paper will study the benefit of harnessing cloud computing in Educational Sector and give recommendations for adopting the new technology which can be accessed through public, private, community and hybrid cloud based technologies.
Adsorptive Potency of Activated Carbonized Avocado Pear Seeds (Persea Americana) and Activated Carbonized orange peels (Citrus Sinensis) in Eliminating Pb2+ ions in Contaminated Water.
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City. Nigeria, Moses Okponmwense
Published: March 2023

Heavy metals persistence in water brings about undesirable effect on man and animal because they are not degradable like other organic pollutants. Carbonized Avocado Pear seed (CAPS) as well as carbonized orange peel (COP) was impregnated with Potassium hydroxide (KOH) in ratio 1:1 for 48 hours. The KOH impregnated CAPS and COP was separately washed and oven dried at 10 for 6 hours and thereafter heated in a muffle furnace (Carbolite AAF1100) at 2500C for 1 hour. The activated carbonized pear seed (ACAPS) and activated carbonized orange peel (ACOP) obtained was physicochemically described with SEM and FTIR. The adsorption route of Pb2+ ion on top of ACAPS as well as ACOP was examined by means of batch adsorption isotherm investigation. The Pb2+ ion adsorption pattern was assessed with Langmuir, DRK, Freundlich, Tempkin and Flory-Huggin isotherm models. The SEM photograph, disclosed that ACAPS posessed numerous openings of different dimensions whereas ACOP possessed less openings of lesser dimensions. R2 worth ranging from 0.92 to 1.00 was got, indicating that the whole isotherm models were capable of elucidating the connection in the figures got. The Pb2+ ion had a firmer attraction and adsorption capacity for ACAPS. On the overall, ACAPS was a superior adsorbent likened with ACOP for effectual elimination of Pb2+ ion owing to a blend of its numerous pores of different dimensions and it surface functional groups with a qm worth of 23.10 and 6.06mg/g in that order.
Information and Communication Technology Training and Job Performances of Library Professionals in Academic Libraries in Rivers State: A case study of Rivers State University and University of Port Harcourt
Authors:   Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Department of library and Information Science, Wiche Humphrey I.
Published: March 2023

The study examined information and communication technology training and job performances of library professionals in Rivers State University and University of Port Harcourt. Descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised all library professionals and para-professionals from both universities understudy. Purposive sampling was used to select 51 library staff. A structured questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The hypothesis was tested using Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient. The study however found that ICT trainings significantly impact on Job performances of library professionals. The types of ICT training significant are on the use of computer/internet, OPAC, ILMS, emails, smartphones, databases and networking sites. The trainings are mostly received through conferences, workshops and personal training scheme. The study also found that there is non-frequent ICT training scheme as most schemes are held once in every two years in the academic libraries studied, and this is insufficient to guarantee effective job performances and staff productivity at all times. Therefore to keep abreast with the constantly evolving communication technologies, the study recommends a regular capacity building for at least twice a year. Also, library professionals should be encouraged to attend ICT seminars, workshops, conferences within and outside the library, and also engage in personal training scheme to develop themselves more.
On cardinalities of Green’s equivalence classes in the semigroup of difunctional binary relations
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Sule Lamido University, Kafin Hausa, Ibrahim Muhammad Jamilu
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we considered the set DX, consisting of all binary relations α ⊆ X × X satisfying (∀x,y,u,v ∈ X) (x,u),(x,v),(y,u)∈α ⇒(y,v) ∈ α. This set is an inverse semigroup under a binary operation defined by xα = yβ−1 ≠ ∅, where xα denotes the set of images of x under α, and yβ−1 denotes the set of pre-images of y under β. Combinatorial results relating to Green’s relations in semigroup are obtained. In particular, we obtained cardinalities of Green’s equivalence classes in the semigroup for the case where X is finite. Also, we obtained the number of idempotent elements in to be equal to , where n = |X| and B(k) is the Bell number defined as the number of partitions of a set of k elements.
Pursuit Differential Game Problems of L-Catch in A Hilbert Space
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Sule Lamido University Kafin , Sule Lamido University, Kafin Hausa, Hadejia Yunusa Aliyu
Published: March 2023

We propose some fixed duration pursuit differential game problems of l-catch in a Hilbert space. Players' motions obey ordinary differential equations and the control functions of players are subjected to either integral or geometric constraints. Pursuit is said to be completed in l-catch sense if the distance between the players with conicting goals are less than a fixed constant l. In this sense, we obtain sufficient conditions for the completion of the pursuit and construct a strategy for the pursuer in each of the four different problems considered. Furthermore, we give examples to support our theoretical findings
Coconut milk ameliorates motor and non-motor deficits in the alpha-synuclein transgenic Drosophila melanogaster model for Parkinsonism
Authors:   Osun State University, Osogbo, Idowu Olumayowa
Published: March 2023

Context: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multisystem neurodegenerative disorder associated with oxidative stress and disrupted mitochondrial function. It is characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms due to multi-factors. Coconut (Cocos nucifera) milk contains a complex mixture of highly nutritional constituents such as carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals which have remarkable health benefits. Lauric acid (LA) which makes up to 54.5% of total nutrient composition of coconut milk (CM) possesses strong antioxidant properties. Objectives: This study evaluated the effect of CM on PD-associated motor and non-motor deficits in alpha-synuclein (α-syn) transgenic Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster). Methods: W1118 strain (control) and α-syn transgenic (PD strain) of D. melanogaster aged between 1 to 3 days were randomized into various groups. The control flies were fed on untreated diets, while the PD flies were orally exposed to varied concentrations (0, 5, 10 and 15% v/v) of coconut milk diet for 14 days. Subsequently, longevity, behavioral, fecundity and biochemical analyses were conducted across the groups. Results: The results showed that CM significantly increased longevity, climbing ability, egg count and the rate of emergence (P< 0.05). In addition, MDA and NO levels as well as AChE activity were significantly decreased, while GSH level alongside SOD and CAT activities were increased (P< 0.05) in the CM-treated PD flies in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusions: CM ameliorated PD-associated deficits in D. melanogaster by prolonging lifespan, improving locomotor function, fecundity and redox status.
Influence of Molar Concentrations on Chemical Bath Deposited Cadmium Sulphide Thin Films
Authors:   Novena University, Ogume, Delta State, Nigeria, Emegha Joseph
Published: March 2023

Thin films (TFs) of cadmium sulphide (CdS) have been deposited at 300K on soda-lime substrates. The effect of the molar concentrations was investigated using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The XRD measurements show that the TFs were crystalline and increases with increasing molarities. The optical characteristics of the films were studied at spectra range of 300 – 950 nm. It indicated that the band gap energy ranged between 1.80 to 1.83 eV. The films exhibited a high transmittance in the visible and near infrared regions with a low reflectance values within same regions. Other optical constants like extinction coefficient (K), refractive index (n), real (Ɛᵣ) and imaginary (Ɛᵢ) dielectric constants and optical conductivity (σ) were determined with respect to photon energy (eV). These properties of CdS TFs confirm that the material could be beneficial in various optoelectronics applications.
Automated Medical Visualization Application of Supervised Learning to Clinical Diagnosis, Disease and Therapy Management.docx
Authors:   Faculty of Communication and Information Sciences, Adeshina Adekunle
Published: March 2023

The rapid advancement and development in high performance computing, ultrafast computing, autonomous technologies and complexity of biomedical data for visualization and image guidance play a significant role in modern surgery to help surgeons perform their surgical procedures. Brain tumour diagnosis requires an enhanced, effective as well as accurate 3-D visualization system for navigation, reference, diagnosis as well as documentation. The automatic and effective 3-D high performance artificial intelligence-enabled medical visualization framework was designed and implemented using automated machine learning (AutoML) to take the advantage of complexity in the underlying datasets to help specialists in identifying the most appropriate regions of interest and their associated hyper parameters for optimizing performance, whilst simultaneously attempting to maximize the reliability of resulting predictions. C# and Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) in Microsoft.NET environment in comparison side by side with visual basic studio was used for the implementation. The framework was evaluated for rendering processing speed with brain datasets obtained from the department of surgery, University of North Carolina, United States. Interestingly, our framework achieves 3-D visualization of the human brain, reliable enough to detect and locate possible brain tumor with high interactive speed and accuracy.
KAFKASYA’NIN SOVYETLEŞTİRİLMESİ VE TÜRKİYE-KAFKASYA İLİŞKİLERİ
Authors: ARSLAN BİLGİN Funda
Published: March 2023

Kafkasya, coğrafi özellikleri ve yer altı kaynakları ile her zaman vazgeçilmez bir bölge olmuştur. Bölge, önemli petrol yataklarına ve tahıl bölgelerine ev sahipliği yaptığı gibi askeri yollara da sahip olması sebebiyle hem Rusya hem de diğer büyük devletler tarafından sürekli iktidar mücadelelerine sahne olmuştur. Kafkasya, özellikle de Rusya için hayati bir önem arz etmiş bu sebeple Çarlık döneminden itibaren bölge sürekli olarak ele geçirilmeye ve burada kalıcı bir hâkimiyet kurulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bölgenin coğrafi yapısı işgal edilmeyi zorlaştırmış fakat yine aynı coğrafi yapı sebebiyle de Rus güçlerine karşı birlik oluşturulamamıştır. Çünkü hem çok fazla etnik farklılık bulunmakta hem de bölgenin coğrafi yapısı birliktelik kurmak için engel teşkil etmektedir. Rusya, Kafkasya’yı 19. yüzyılda işgalini tamamlamış daha sonra ele geçirdiği bölgelerde kalıcı olabilmek için Kafkas halklarını asimile edip Ruslaştırma politikası uygulamıştır. Ruslaştırma politikası çerçevesinde askeri mücadelenin yanı sıra özellikle eğitim, din ve kültür alanlarında çalışmalar yaparak hâkimiyetini kuvvetlendirmek istemiştir. Fakat Kafkas halkları Rus yönetimini ve kültürünü benimsememiş ve sürekli bağımsızlık mücadelesi vermiştir. Rusya’da gerçekleşen Bolşevik İhtilali ile Kafkasya için bağımsızlık umutları yeşermiş ve kısa süreli bir bağımsızlık süreci yaşanmıştır. Ancak Rusya’nın gerçek niyeti çok kısa bir süre sonra ortaya çıkmış ve Sovyet Rusya bölgeyi tekrar ele geçirmiştir. Böylece Rus baskıları bölgede yeniden kendini göstermiştir.
TÜRKİSTAN’DA YAHUDİ VARLIĞI VE ONLARIN SEYAHATNAMELERE YANSIMALARI
Authors: ÇOLAK Fatih
Published: March 2023

Yahudiler kutsal toprakları olan Kenan’dan (Filistin) defalarca başka coğrafyalara göç etmek zorunda kalmışlardır. Çoğu kez göçtükleri yerlerden geri dönmemişler ve oralarda yaşamlarına devam etmişlerdir. Göçüp yerleştikleri bölgelerden birisi de Türkistan’dır. Türk-İslam medeniyetinin doğduğu topraklar olan Türkistan’da yüzyıllardan beri Yahudi varlığı söz konusudur. Burada yaşayan Yahudilere Türkistan Yahudileri, özelde de Buhara Yahudileri denmektedir. Bu Yahudiler bölgede İslamiyet başta olmak üzere farklı birçok kültürün etkisi olmasına rağmen benliklerini, kültürlerini ve inançlarını kaybetmemişlerdir. Ancak, yaşam tarzlarıyla ve pratikleriyle dünyanın diğer yerlerindeki Yahudi gruplarından farklılık arz etmektedir. Türkistan şehirlerinde kendilerine ait mahallelerde yaşamlarını sürdürmüşler, genelde de farklı zanaat dallarıyla meşgul olmuşlardır. Türkistan’ın Ruslar tarafından istilasıyla birlikte kendilerine Ruslar tarafından özel haklar verilmiş ve bazı ticaret kollarına hâkim olmuşlardır. Fakat Çarlık Rusya’sının yıkılması ve Sovyetler Birliği’nin kurulmasıyla birlikte diğer milletler gibi Türkistan Yahudileri de asimilasyon politikalarına tabi tutulmuşlardır. Bunun neticesinde ve özellikle de Sovyetler Birliğinin dağılmasından sonra fırsatını bulanlar başta İsrail olmak üzere ABD, Avusturalya ve Kanada’ya göç etmişlerdir. Günümüzde az da olsa Buhara başta olmak üzere Türkistan’ın bazı büyük şehirlerinde Yahudiler yaşamlarını devam ettirmektedirler. Bu çalışmada tarih boyunca Türkistan’daki Yahudi varlığı ele alınacak ve onların Seyahatnamelere yansımaları irdelenmeye çalışılacaktır.
OSMANLI DEVLETİ’NDE ULUFELERİNİ GÜMRÜK MUKATAALARINDAN ALAN CAMİ GÖREVLİLERİ (H. 1099-1182 / M. 1688-1769)
Authors: DOĞAN Hakan , ÜNYAY AÇIKGÖZ Fatma
Published: March 2023

Osmanlı Devleti’nde camiler ibadet dışında çeşitli fonksiyonları icra eden en önemli kurumların başında gelmektedir. Camilerin yapım, onarım, aydınlatma, ısıtma, bakım vs. ihtiyaçlarının karşılanması ile cami görevlilerinin maaş ve ücretlerinin ödenmesi gibi harcamalar camilerin temel giderlerini oluşturmuştur. Bu giderler bazen devlet hazinesinden, bazen gelirleri camiler için vakfedilen gayrimenkul gelirlerinden bazen de caminin bulunduğu yöre halkının doğrudan yaptığı aynî ve nakdî bağışlarla karşılanmıştır. Osmanlı Devleti’nde camilerde çok sayıda görevli hizmet etmiştir. Bu görevlilerin başlıcaları arasında; imam, hatip, müezzin, vaiz, kayyım, ferraş, devir-hân, kâri (kurrâ), na’t-hân, tarif-hân, muvakkit, enam-hân, muarrif, sûre-hân, cüzhân ve dersiâm bulunurdu. Söz konusu görevlilerin maaş ve ücretleri ise çoğunlukla vazifeli oldukları cami veya mescitlerin vakıfları aracılığıyla ödenirdi. Başka alanlarda da hizmet veren vakıflar Osmanlılarda o kadar yaygınlaşmıştı ki hemen hemen her caminin en az bir gayrimenkulü bulunurdu. Bazen vakıfların gelirleri caminin ihtiyacını karşılayamayacak kadar azalmakta ya da vakıflar ortadan kalkmaktaydı. Bu şekilde vakıf gelirlerinin yetersiz kaldığı durumlarda devlet hazinesinin farklı kalemlerinden takviye edilmesi veya tamamının üstlenilmesi gibi çeşitli kaynaklardan destek alma yollarına gidilmiştir. Cami görevlilerinin maaşlarının ödenmesi konusunda devletin başvurduğu bu kaynaklardan birisi de gümrük mukataaları olmuştur. Öyle ki, Osmanlı Devleti’nde bazı camilerdeki görevlilerinin ulufelerinin vakıflar yerine gümrük mukataalarının gelirlerinden ödendiği görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Osmanlı coğrafyasının değişik bölgelerindeki camilerde görev yapan kişilerin vazifeleri ve gümrük mukataalarından aldıkları maaşların miktarı Cumhurbaşkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi Ali Emirî (AE.)SMHD.I, AE.SMST.II, AE.SMST.III, AE.SAMD.III) tasnifinde yer alan (M.1688-1769 tarihli) berat suretlerindeki veriler kullanılarak ayrıntılı şekilde ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.
CANİKLİ-ZÂDE TAYYAR MAHMUT PAŞA VE DAĞLI EŞKIYASI ÜZERİNE GÖNDERİLMESİ
Authors: BİLGİN Mehmet
Published: March 2023

Canikli-zâdeler; Canik sancağında yerel derebeylerden biri olarak yükselmişti. Trabzon vilayetinde de yerel derebeylerin isyan edip halkı ezdikleri bir dönemde vali olarak atanıp bir hanedan olarak geniş bir bölgeyi üç nesil ard arda yönetmişlerdir. 1757 yılında mirmiranlık rütbesi ile Trabzon valiliğine atanan Süleyman Paşa’dan sonra; 1773 de Vezir rütbesi ile kardeşi Ali Bey, Trabzon Valisi olarak atandı. 1778 yılında Kırım Seraskerliği görevinde iken verilen emirleri dinlemeyen Ali Paşa isyan edip Rus kontrolündeki Kırım’a sığınmıştı. 1781 de Ali Paşa af edildi ve vezirlikle Trabzon vilayeti tekrar kendine verildi. Benzer durumları ölümünden sonra Trabzon valiliğine atanmış Büyük oğlu Battal Hüseyin Paşa ve O’nun oğlu Tayyar Mahmut Paşa da yaşamıştır. Tayyar Mahmut Paşa babasının yerine Trabzon valisi ve Mısır seraskeri olmuştu. Mısır dönüşünde Rumeli’deki Dağlı eşkıyasını tedip etmek üzere görevlendirilir ve görevini başarı ile tamamlayıp Trabzon’a döner. İsyan eden Tayyar Mahmut Paşa Rusya’ya iltica etti. Kırım’da ikamet ederken, İstanbul’da III. Selim tahtan indirildi. IV. Mustafa tahta çıktı. Tayyar Mahmut Paşa 1807 Temmuz’unda Kırımdan İstanbul’a geldi. Gelmesinden IV. Mustafa memnun olmuştu. Sadaret Kaymakamlığı görevine getirildi. Sonra bu görevden ve vezirlikten azl edilip Varna’ya sürüldü ve Ağustos 1808 de Varna’da idam edildi.
MACAR KAYNAKLARINDA YENİ TÜRK DEVLETİ’NİN KURULUŞ SÜRECİ VE TÜRKİYE’DEKİ SİYASİ HAYATA DAİR BAZI TESPİTLER (1920-1938)
Authors: KARAGÜLMEZ Müjdat
Published: March 2023

Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi, Millî Mücadele’nin olağanüstü koşulları altında açılmıştır. Meclisin açılmasıyla Anadolu’da yeni bir Türk devletinin temelleri atılmıştır. Macarlar, Anadolu’yu işgal eden devletlere karşı verilen Millî Mücadele’yi yakından takip etmiş ve Millî Mücadele’ye destek olmuştur. Millî Mücadele’nin başarıya ulaşması, Lozan Barış Antlaşması’nın imzalanması ve Cumhuriyetin ilanı Macar halkında ve Macar Meclisi’nde sevinçle karşılanmıştır. Genç Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin iç politikasındaki gelişmeler ve Meclisin 1920’li yıllarda çıkarmış olduğu önemli yasalar, Macarların ilgisini çekmeye devam etmiştir. Bu çalışmanın ana temasını, Macar kaynaklarına göre TBMM’nin açılma süreci ve Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarında Türk siyasi hayatında yaşanan önemli gelişmeler oluşturmaktadır. Ayrıca Macar kaynaklarına göre TBMM’nin açıldığı dönemin koşulları değerlendirilerek Millî Mücadele’nin merkezi olan Ankara’ya dair tespitlere de yer verilmiştir. Böylece, Macarların perspektifinden meclisin hangi şartlar altında açıldığına dair bilgilere ulaşılması amaçlanmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, Atatürk döneminde Türkiye’de görev yapan Macar elçilerinin 1930’lu yıllardaki raporlarında TBMM’den, Halk Fırkası’ndan ve Türkiye’deki siyasi gelişmelerden sıkça bahsedilmiştir. Bu raporlar, TBMM’nin yapısından ve işleyişinden bahsederken yabancı diplomatların gözünden Türkiye’deki siyasi hayata dair farklı bir bakış açısı sunması nedeniyle önem teşkil eder bir mahiyettedir.
RİZE’NİN ÜÇ ULEMASI VE MEZAR ANITI
Authors: GÖKLER Burak Muhammet
Published: March 2023

Doğu Karadeniz sınırlarında yer alan ve bir sahil kenti olan Rize, topografik yapısı, iklimi, bitki örtüsü, tarihi ve kültürel mirası ile dikkat çeken şehirlerden birisidir. Tarih öncesi devirlere dair bilgileri kısıtlı olan bölgenin Alt Paleolitik döneme kadar indiği düşünülmektedir. Tarihsel süreçte birçok devlete ve imparatorluğa ev sahipliği yapan Rize, 1461 yılında fethedilerek Osmanlı topraklarına katılmıştır. Osmanlı Devleti ile birlikte, büyüme ve gelişme gösteren bölge, Batum daha sonrada Trabzon Sancağına bağlanmıştır. Rize’nin Osmanlıya katılımı ile birlikte Müslüman halk bu coğrafyaya yerleştirilmiş ve paralel doğrultuda imar faaliyetleri de başlamıştır. 1461’den 1923 yılına kadarki geçen sürede bölgede pek çok yapı ortaya konulmuştur. Ayrıca bölgedeki insanların yetiştirilmesi için eğitim faaliyetleri sürdürülmüştür. Bu süreçte, Anadolu’nun diğer kentlerinde olduğu gibi Rize’de de birçok âlim ve ulema ortaya çıkmıştır. Yaşadığı bölgeyi ve halkı yönlendiren ve etkileyen bu kişilerin vefatından sonra ise yakınları ve bölge halkı tarafından türbeleri yaptırılmıştır. Her ne kadar Rize’de türbe mimarisinin sayıca az olmasına karşılık, araştırmaya konu olan üç kişiye ait mezar anıtlarının yer alması dikkate değerdir. Mezar anıtlarının gösterişten uzak, sade bir anlayışta ele alınması ise bir diğer detay olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Hasan Dede, Süleyman Dede ve Süleyman Vehbi Efendi’ye ait olan bu mezar anıtlarının değerlendirilmesi, ismi geçen kişilerin bilgileri araştırmanın temelini oluşturmaktadır.