bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transformation of Vestibular Signals for the Control of Standing in Humans
Authors: Forbes Patrick A. , Luu Billy L. , Van der Loos H.F. Machiel , Croft Elizabeth A. , Inglis J. Timothy , Blouin Jean-Sébastien
Published: November 2016

During standing balance, vestibular signals encode head movement and are transformed into coordinates that are relevant to maintaining upright posture of the whole body. This transformation must account for head-on-body orientation as well as the muscle actions generating the postural response. Here, we investigate whether this transformation is dependent upon a muscle's ability to stabilize the body along the direction of a vestibular disturbance. Subjects were braced on top of a robotic balance system that simulated the mechanics of standing while being exposed to an electrical vestibular stimulus that evoked a craniocentric vestibular error of head roll. The balance system was limited to move in a single plane while the vestibular error direction was manipulated by having subjects rotate their head in yaw. Vestibular-evoked muscle responses were greatest when the vestibular error was aligned with the balance direction and decreased to zero as the two directions became orthogonal. This demonstrates that muscles respond only to the component of the error that is aligned with the balance direction and thus relevant to the balance task, not to the cumulative afferent activity, as expected for vestibulospinal reflex loops. When we reversed the relationship between balancing motor commands and associated vestibular sensory feedback, the direction of vestibular-evoked ankle compensatory responses was also reversed. This implies that the nervous system quickly reassociates new relationships between vestibular sensory signals and motor commands related to maintaining balance. These results indicate that vestibular-evoked muscle activity is a highly flexible balance response organized to compensate for vestibular disturbances.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe postural corrections critical to standing balance and navigation rely on transformation of sensory information into reference frames that are relevant for the required motor actions. Here, we demonstrate that the nervous system transforms vestibular sensory signals of head motion according to a muscle's ability to stabilize the body along the direction of a vestibular-evoked disturbance. By manipulating the direction of the imposed vestibular signal relative to a muscle's action, we show that the vestibular contribution to muscle activity is a highly flexible and organized balance response. This study provides insight into the neural integration and central processing associated with transformed vestibulomotor relationships that are essential to standing upright.
Cortical Control of Spatial Resolution by VIP+Interneurons
Authors: Ayzenshtat Inbal , Karnani Mahesh Miikael , Jackson Jesse , Yuste Rafael
Published: November 2016

Neuronal tuning, defined by the degree of selectivity to a specific stimulus, is a hallmark of cortical computation. Understanding the role of GABAergic interneurons in shaping cortical tuning is now possible with the ability to manipulate interneuron classes selectively. Here, we show that interneurons expressing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP+) regulate the spatial frequency (SF) tuning of pyramidal neurons in mouse visual cortex. Using two-photon calcium imaging and optogenetic manipulations of VIP+cell activity, we found that activating VIP+cells elicited a stronger network response to stimuli of higher SFs, whereas suppressing VIP+cells resulted in a network response shift toward lower SFs. These results establish that cortical inhibition modulates the spatial resolution of visual processing and add further evidence demonstrating that feature selectivity depends, not only on the feedforward excitatory projections into the cortex, but also on dynamic intracortical modulations by specific forms of inhibition.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe demonstrate that interneurons expressing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP+) play a causal role in regulating the spatial frequency (SF) tuning of neurons in mouse visual cortex. We show that optogenetic activation of VIP+cells results in a shift in network preference toward higher SFs, whereas suppressing them shifts the network toward lower SFs. Several studies have shown that VIP+cells are sensitive to neuromodulation and increase their firing during locomotion, whisking, and pupil dilation and are involved in spatially specific top-down modulation, reminiscent of the effects of top-down attention, and also that attention enhances spatial resolution. Our findings provide a bridge between these studies by establishing the inhibitory circuitry that regulates these fundamental modulations of SF in the cortex.
Current Perspectives in Autism Spectrum Disorder: From Genes to Therapy
Authors: Chahrour Maria , O'Roak Brian J. , Santini Emanuela , Samaco Rodney C. , Kleiman Robin J. , Manzini M. Chiara
Published: November 2016

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a constellation of neurodevelopmental presentations with high heritability and both phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. To date, mutations in hundreds of genes have been associated to varying degrees with increased ASD risk. A better understanding of the functions of these genes and whether they fit together in functional groups or impact similar neuronal circuits is needed to develop rational treatment strategies. We will review current areas of emphasis in ASD research, starting from human genetics and exploring how mouse models of human mutations have helped identify specific molecular pathways (protein synthesis and degradation, chromatin remodeling, intracellular signaling), which are linked to alterations in circuit function and cognitive/social behavior. We will conclude by discussing how we can leverage the findings on molecular and cellular alterations found in ASD to develop therapies for neurodevelopmental disorders.
Frontosubthalamic Circuits for Control of Action and Cognition
Authors: Aron Adam R. , Herz Damian M. , Brown Peter , Forstmann Birte U. , Zaghloul Kareem
Published: November 2016

The subthalamic nucleus (STN) of the basal ganglia appears to have a potent role in action and cognition. Anatomical and imaging studies show that different frontal cortical areas directly project to the STN via so-called hyperdirect pathways. This review reports some of the latest findings about such circuits, including simultaneous recordings from cortex and the STN in humans, single-unit recordings in humans, high-resolution fMRI, and neurocomputational modeling. We argue that a major function of the STN is to broadly pause behavior and cognition when stop signals, conflict signals, or surprise signals occur, and that the fronto-STN circuits for doing this, at least for stopping and conflict, are dissociable anatomically and in terms of their spectral reactivity. We also highlight recent evidence for synchronization of oscillations between prefrontal cortex and the STN, which may provide a preferential “window in time” for single neuron communication via long-range connections.
Dysregulation of mRNA Localization and Translation in Genetic Disease
Authors: Wang Eric T. , Taliaferro J. Matthew , Lee Ji-Ann , Sudhakaran Indulekha P. , Rossoll Wilfried , Gross Christina , Moss Kathryn R. , Bassell Gary J.
Published: November 2016

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) acting at various steps in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression play crucial roles in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity. Genetic mutations affecting several RBPs and associated factors lead to diverse neurological symptoms, as characterized by neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders, neuromuscular and neurodegenerative diseases, and can often be multisystemic diseases. We will highlight the physiological roles of a few specific proteins in molecular mechanisms of cytoplasmic mRNA regulation, and how these processes are dysregulated in genetic disease. Recent advances in computational biology and genomewide analysis, integrated with diverse experimental approaches and model systems, have provided new insights into conserved mechanisms and the shared pathobiology of mRNA dysregulation in disease. Progress has been made to understand the pathobiology of disease mechanisms for myotonic dystrophy, spinal muscular atrophy, and fragile X syndrome, with broader implications for other RBP-associated genetic neurological diseases. This gained knowledge of underlying basic mechanisms has paved the way to the development of therapeutic strategies targeting disease mechanisms.
Actions of Steroids: New Neurotransmitters
Authors: Rudolph Lauren M. , Cornil Charlotte A. , Mittelman-Smith Melinda A. , Rainville Jennifer R. , Remage-Healey Luke , Sinchak Kevin , Micevych Paul E.
Published: November 2016

Over the past two decades, the classical understanding of steroid action has been updated to include rapid, membrane-initiated, neurotransmitter-like functions. While steroids were known to function on very short time spans to induce physiological and behavioral changes, the mechanisms by which these changes occur are now becoming more clear. In avian systems, rapid estradiol effects can be mediated via local alterations in aromatase activity, which precisely regulates the temporal and spatial availability of estrogens. Acute regulation of brain-derived estrogens has been shown to rapidly affect sensorimotor function and sexual motivation in birds. In rodents, estrogens and progesterone are critical for reproduction, including preovulatory events and female sexual receptivity. Membrane progesterone receptor as well as classical progesterone receptor trafficked to the membrane mediate reproductive-related hypothalamic physiology, via second messenger systems with dopamine-induced cell signals. In addition to these relatively rapid actions, estrogen membrane-initiated signaling elicits changes in morphology. In the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, these changes are needed for lordosis behavior. Recent evidence also demonstrates that membrane glucocorticoid receptor is present in numerous cell types and species, including mammals. Further, membrane glucocorticoid receptor influences glucocorticoid receptor translocation to the nucleus effecting transcriptional activity. The studies presented here underscore the evidence that steroids behave like neurotransmitters to regulate CNS functions. In the future, we hope to fully characterize steroid receptor-specific functions in the brain.
Toward Whole-Body Connectomics
Authors: Lo Chung-Chuan , Chiang Ann-Shyn
Published: November 2016

Recent advances in neuro-technologies have revolutionized knowledge of brain structure and functions. Governments and private organizations worldwide have initiated several large-scale brain connectome projects, to further understand how the brain works at the systems levels. Most recent projects focus on only brain neurons, with the exception of an early effort to reconstruct the 302 neurons that comprise the whole body of the small worm,Caenorhabditis elegans. However, to fully elucidate the neural circuitry of complex behavior, it is crucial to understand brain interactions with the whole body, which can be achieved only by mapping the whole-body connectome. In this article, we discuss the current state of connectomics study, focusing on novel optical approaches and related imaging technologies. We also discuss the challenges encountered by scientists who endeavor to map these whole-body connectomes in large animals.

This article is based on a Presidential Lecture presented at the 2016 Annual Meeting.
Smells Like Science: Olfactory Exploration of the Biosphere
Authors: Robischon Marcel
Published: November 2016

This article discusses the alluring topic of olfactory learning, which is often touched on in the literature but is rarely employed. I argue that olfactory learning, at its best, is achieved in contact with living nature, as in the plethora of scents that can be encountered and discussed in ecological context in a forest. An expected outcome is enhanced sensory awareness of the living environment.
Public Health and Epidemiology Informatics
Authors: Bar-Hen A. , Paragios N. , Flahault A.
Published: November 2016

Objectives: The aim of this manuscript is to provide a brief overview of the scientific challenges that should be addressed in order to unlock the full potential of using data from a general point of view, as well as to present some ideas that could help answer specific needs for data understanding in the field of health sciences and epidemiology.

Methods: A survey of uses and challenges of big data analyses for medicine and public health was conducted. The first part of the paper focuses on big data techniques, algorithms, and statistical approaches to identify patterns in data. The second part describes some cutting-edge applications of analyses and predictive modeling in public health.

Results: In recent years, we witnessed a revolution regarding the nature, collection, and availability of data in general. This was especially striking in the health sector and particularly in the field of epidemiology. Data derives from a large variety of sources, e.g. clinical settings, billing claims, care scheduling, drug usage, web based search queries, and Tweets.

Conclusion: The exploitation of the information (data mining, artificial intelligence) relevant to these data has become one of the most promising as well challenging tasks from societal and scientific viewpoints in order to leverage the information available and making public health more efficient.
Unintended Consequences of Sensor, Signal, and Imaging Informatics: New Problems and New Solutions
Authors: Hughes C. , Moreau-Gaudry A. , Voros S.
Published: November 2016

Objectives: This synopsis presents a selection for the IMIA (International Medical Informatics Association) Yearbook 2016 of excellent research in the broad field of Sensor, Signal and Imaging Informatics published in the year 2015, with a focus on Unintended consequences: new problems and new solutions.

Methods: We performed a systematic initial selection and a double blind peer review process to find the best papers in this domain published in 2015, from the PubMed and Web of Science databases. The set of MesH keywords used was provided by experts.

Results: The constant advances in medical technology allow ever more relevant diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to be designed. Nevertheless, there is a need to acquire expert knowledge of these innovations in order to identify precociously new associated problems for which new solutions need to be designed and developed.
Widespread Historical Contingency in Influenza Viruses
Authors: Nshogozabahizi Jean Claude , Dench Jonathan , Aris-Brosou Stéphane
Published: November 2016

In systems biology and genomics, epistasis characterizes the impact that a substitution at a particular location in a genome can have on a substitution at another location. This phenomenon is often implicated in the evolution of drug resistance or to explain why particular “disease-causing” mutations do not have the same outcome in all individuals. Hence, uncovering these mutations and their locations in a genome is a central question in biology. However, epistasis is notoriously difficult to uncover, especially in fast-evolving organisms. Here, we present a novel statistical approach that replies on a model developed in ecology and that we adapt to analyze genetic data in fast-evolving systems such as the influenza A virus. We validate the approach using a two-pronged strategy: extensive simulations demonstrate a low-to-moderate sensitivity with excellent specificity and precision, while analyses of experimentally validated data recover known interactions, including in a eukaryotic system. We further evaluate the ability of our approach to detect correlated evolution during antigenic shifts or at the emergence of drug resistance. We show that in all cases, correlated evolution is prevalent in influenza A viruses, involving many pairs of sites linked together in chains; a hallmark of historical contingency. Strikingly, interacting sites are separated by large physical distances, which entails either long-range conformational changes or functional tradeoffs, for which we find support with the emergence of drug resistance. Our work paves a new way for the unbiased detection of epistasis in a wide range of organisms by performing whole-genome scans.
Diversidad y cobertura de la comunidad bentónica del arrecife Enmedio, Sistema Arrecifal Lobos-Tuxpan, México
Authors: González-González Marlene , De la Cruz-Francisco Vicencio , Morales-Quijano Itzel , Orduña-Medrano Rosa Estela
Published: November 2016

La cobertura bentónica es un atributo importante para gestionar eficientemente los arrecifes coralinos, sin embargo, muchos ecosistemas marinos de Veracruz aún carecen de esta información y el arrecife Enmedio es un claro ejemplo; por esta razón, se estimó la diversidad y cobertura bentónica en el arrecife frontal, arrecife posterior y laguna arrecifal, utilizando cuadrantes de 1 m2, los cuales fueron colocados a cada 5 m sobre tres transectos de 50 m de largo. Con los datos recabados se estimaron la riqueza específica, equitatividad, dominancia de Simpson, diversidad de Shannon y diversidad verdadera, asimismo, se determinaron diferencias significativas mediante análisis de similitud y ordenación. La cobertura biótica promedio estimada para el arrecife fue de 37.3%, principalmente se destacan los corales dado que aportaron la mayor cobertura con 19.8% (±18.8). Las especies más importantes en cobertura fueron: Orbicella annularis, Erytropodium caribaeorum, Colpophyllia natans y Pseudodiploria clivosa. Los ambientes arrecifales son significativamente diferentes en composición y cobertura biótica con base en las pruebas de similitud y ordenamiento, ya que el arrecife posterior registró un mayor número de especies y de cobertura, básicamente por corales masivos; en cambio en la planicie arrecifal se determinaron varias zonaciones bentónicas que tienden a ser equitativas y con mayor número de especies efectivas, mientras en el arrecife frontal decrecen la diversidad, la cobertura y la equitatividad debido a que predomina el pavimento. Estos contrastes registrados en el arrecife Enmedio en la cobertura por especie y por ambiente arrecifal parecen ser normales dado que también han sido reportados para varios arrecifes del SAV.
Presencia de Munidopsis bermudezi en el mar Caribe colombiano (Crustacea: Anomura: Munidopsidae)
Authors: Zubiría William , Hernando Campos Néstor , Bermúdez Adriana
Published: November 2016

Durante el desarrollo del proyecto “Caracterización ambiental en el área de interés dentro del bloque Guajira Offshore # 3, Caribe colombiano”, se recolectaron ejemplares de Munidopsis bermudezi Chace, 1939. Este es el primer registro de la especie para el mar Caribe colombiano, siendo esta la especie 46 de la superfamilia Galatheoidea registrada para esta región. Es una de las especies cercanas a Munidopsis teretis Baba, 2005, del mar de Tasmania. Se diferencia por la presencia de un par de espinas gástricas conspicuas, la ausencia de un proceso agudo en la región branquial y la ausencia de una carina en la mitad posterior del caparazón. Se presentan la descripción ampliada de la especie y la información sobre su hábitat.
DIAGNOSIS OF PERSISTENT BVD IN ONE DAY OLD AND OLDER THAN 30 DAYS CALVES WITH RAPID KIT TESTS
Authors: Kahraman D. , Sahinduran S.
Published: November 2016

Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) is an important disease of cattle which causes alimentary, respiratory and reproductive disorders and serious economic losses. Today, eradication of disease is compulsory for the increase of dairies and achieving more healthier herds. In cattle, if the calves are infected with BVD from the uterus in the first trimester of pregnancy, they are born persistent infected (PI) antigen(+). The PI calves are smaller or normal in apperance than normal calves. Persistent infected (PI) calves spread the virus throughout their lives and infect their surroundings. BVD causes early embrionic death, calves born with anomalies and immunosuppression in infected animals. In this study 200 calves between 1–30 days old from Burdur province are screened with BVD rapid test kit. In the screening, 13 calves (6.5%) are found BVDV ag(+). The gender of PI calves are found 4% female (8/200) and 2.5% male (5/200). In the 5% of PI calves (10/200), respiratory and alimentary problems were clinically seen. The antigen(+) animals are put out of the herd and vaccination protocols are recommended. In this study, diagnosing the disease can be made rapidly by both clinicians and farmers, also putting the virus spreading persistent calves out of herd without losing time and a successful struggle can be made against BVD, are shown.
EFIKASI BEBERAPA SEDIAAN VAKSIN Streptococcus agalactiae-N14G UNTUK PENCEGAHAN PENYAKIT STREPTOCOCCOSIS PADA IKAN NILA, Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Taukhid Taukhid , Purwaningsih Uni , Lusiastuti Angela Mariana
Published: November 2016

Penelitian dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui efikasi berbagai sediaan (biakan cair, sel utuh, supernatan dengan dan tanpa penyaringan) vaksin Streptococcus agalactiae-N14G untuk pencegahan penyakit Streptococcosis pada ikan nila telah dilakukan pada skala laboratorium. Isolat bakteri Streptococcus agalactiae-N14G digunakan sebagai sumber antigen dalam pembuatan vaksin. Ikan nila dengan rata-rata ukuran 10-15 g/ekor dan diasumsikan bebas penyakit infeksi Streptococcus agalactiae (specific pathogen free, SPF) terhadap patogen target digunakan sebagai ikan uji. Pada hari ke-14 pasca vaksinasi, dilakukan uji tantang dengan bakteri homolog aktif pada dosis lethal (LD50), dan pengamatan dilakukan selama 21 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan efikasi sediaan vaksin tertinggi diperoleh pada sediaan vaksin sel utuh (B) (76,0%), selanjutnya diikuti oleh sediaan vaksin biakan cair (A) (65,0%), sediaan vaksin supernatan tanpa penyaringan (C) (49,0%), dan sediaan vaksin dengan penyaringan (D) (36,0%); sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol positif dan negatif, masingmasing sebesar 25,0% dan 34,0%. Dua jenis sediaan vaksin masuk kategori efektif dengan nilai relative percentage survival (RPS) 8 50%, yaitu jenis vaksin sel utuh(68,00%) dan jenis sediaan vaksin biakan cair (53,37%).
Empresa privada: principal socio en el posconflicto y la construcción de la paz
Authors: González Mendoza Julio Alfonso
Published: November 2016

El objetivo de este trabajo es desarrollar una reflexión sobre el rol de la empresa privada en el postconflicto, la construcción de paz en Colombia y sobre los mecanismos que tiene para desempeñarlo. La metodología utilizada es documental y toma como eje fundamental, la teoría ecléctica de construcción de paz.Los principales resultados señalan que la empresa privada tiene un papel clave en el proceso de construcción de paz, los empresarios entienden que un país sin guerra mejora las posibilidades de negocios y que para contribuir efectivamente a su desarrollo existen herramientas jurídicas y organizacionales como la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial, alianzas estratégicas con el Gobierno y como financiadora de paz. Sin embargo, gran parte del sector privado desconoce estos instrumentos y por tanto su desempeño no puede ser el ideal. Se concluye que la empresa privada es un actor fundamental en la construcción de paz pero para su cabal desempeño se requiere cohesionar sus esfuerzos con los de otros actores de la sociedad.
La colonia interna vigente: transformación del territorio humano en la región amazónica del Ecuador
Authors: Jarrín Valladares Pablo Santiago , Tapia Carrillo Luis , Zamora Giannina
Published: November 2016

La región amazónica del Ecuador compartía con el resto de la Amazonía una compleja red de culturas y civilizaciones, las cuales fueron drásticamente reducidas o extintas tras las políticas de colonización iniciadas desde Europa y posteriormente por las nuevas repúblicas. Desde entonces, los procesos coloniales han estado basados en políticas económicas y desarrollistas incompatibles con la cultura, formas de vida y ecología presentes en la región y han desencadenado una dramática serie de consecuencias sociales que representan obstáculos para el desarrollo saludable de los habitantes de la región. Por ser un territorio explotado en sus recursos naturales, caóticamente ocupado por población humana, con sistemas de producción deficiente y de vulnerabilidad ecológica, creemos que debe permanecer vigente el concepto de colonia interna. El concepto de colonia interna debe estar presente en la búsqueda de soluciones para los problemas que la región enfrenta.
An atypical presentation of myositis ossificans
Authors: Bultheel M
Published: November 2016

In the following case study an atypical presentation of myositisossificans (MO) in the superior anterolateral thigh of a youngsoccer player is discussed. This case demonstrates that MO canpresent without obvious history of trauma, which makes thediagnosis of this condition more challenging. The most importantdifferential diagnosis is malignant osteosarcoma or soft-tissuesarcoma, which usually presents without trauma. Additionallyboth pathologies typically occur in the same population.Keywords: case report, ossification, osteosarcoma
Oral abstracts
Authors: . .
Published: November 2016

Oral abstracts
Writing Disability into Colonial Histories of Humanitarianism
Authors: Van Trigt Paul , Legêne Susan
Published: November 2016

In this paper, the relation between humanity and disability is addressed by discussing the agency of people with disabilities in colonial histories of humanitarianism. People with disabilities were often—as indicated by relevant sources—regarded and treated as passive, suffering fellow humans, in particular in the making and distribution of colonial photography. In the context of humanitarianism, is it possible to understand these photographs differently? This paper analyzes one photograph—from the collection of the Tropenmuseum Amsterdam—of people with leprosy in the protestant leprosarium Bethesda, in the Dutch colony Suriname, at the beginning of the twentieth century. It discusses the way the sitters in the photograph have been framed, and how the photograph has been made and used. The photograph makes it difficult to register agency, but easily reaffirms existing colonial categories. Therefore, this paper also uses another strategy of analysis. By following Actor-Network Theory, focusing on non-human actors, the second part of this paper offers a new and more convincing interpretation of the photograph. This strategy (a) understands agency as a phenomenon of interdependence instead of independence, and (b) approaches photographs as both real and performed. Combining the written history of humanitarianism and disability, it allows new histories of people with disabilities to develop, histories that move beyond the categories of colonialism.
Sociodemographic indicators and quality of life of caregivers of children with neuromotor changes
Authors: Lucena Neide Maria Gomes de , Brito Patrícia Meireles , Felipe Rafaela Vitória Pereira , Lira Eliene Martins de , Lira Natália Gonçalves de , Rodrigues Susana Lígia da Silva , Barros Maria de Fátima Alcântara , Carvalho Antônio Geraldo Cidrão de , Araújo Maria das Graças Rodrigues de
Published: November 2016

Introduction: Children with neuromotor changes are challenged daily, and such challenges may be faced with the help of a caregiver. Thus, the functional dependence of these children lead to the daily demands, causing physical and emotional distress, which affect the quality of life of their caregiver. Objective: Analyze the sociodemographic indicators that interfere with the level of life quality of the caregivers of children with neuromotor changes. Method: 50 caregivers of children with neuromotor changes were interviewed at the Association of Parents and Friends of the Exceptional (APAE) of Paraiba, on the city of João Pessoa. To evaluate the quality of life, the questionnaire SF-36 was used, in addition to collecting demographic data (sex, age, degree of kinship, marital status, number of children, school level and religion). For the data analysis, a descriptive study was developed, the normality test of Shapiro-Wilk was realized, followed by the inferential analysis with non-parametric correlation of Spearman, considering the significant value α = 0.05. Results: There was a predominance of the female sex (96%) with medium age of ≥ 39 years old. Correlating the sociodemographic indicators with the level of life quality of the SF-36 of the caregivers, only the vitality domain presented significance with the variables: number of children (p=0.012), benefits (p=0.044), and how the transfer of the child is done (p=0.044). There was no significant difference relating the sociodemographic indicators on the other domains. Conclusion: The knowledge of sociodemographic indicators that interfere with the quality of life shows the importance of preventive measures, such as guidance and, if needed, treatment for improvement of possible grievances.
Desafios da Estruturação de um Sistema Nacional de Inovação
Authors: Vieira Jeferson De Castro
Published: November 2016

Resumo: este trabalho analisa a trajetória dos indicadores de inovação no Brasile seus impactos na estruturação do Sistema Nacional de Inovação. Os dados evidenciam que houve avanço na produção de ciência, tecnologia e inovação das unidades da Federação, porém, não ocorreu uma consolidação do Sistema Nacional de Inovação porque ainda persiste um desenvolvimento inovativo regional muito desigual. Para tanto, é feita uma análise sobre o sistema de inovação nacional e regional e a dinâmica espacial, os esforços dos governos estaduais com seus recursos próprios na aplicação em inovações tecnológicas, a formação de recursos humanos e a produção científica e tecnológica das regiões brasileiras e de Estados selecionados.Palavras-chave: Sistema Nacional de Inovação. Sistema Regional de Inovação. Leide Inovação. Desenvolvimento Regional.
A evolução conceitual do pensamento estruturalista latino-americano: aportes teóricos para a construção de uma historiografia autônoma das Relações Internacionais
Authors: Lameiras Leonardo Diniz
Published: November 2016

Este artigo busca resgatar alguns dos principais conceitos e ideias do pensamento estruturalista latino-americano por meio de uma narrativa que privilegia uma coerência cronológica, a fim de reafirmar a importância dos aportes críticos de seus principais intelectuais na construção de uma historiografia das Relações Internacionais com a identidade da América Latina.
Estratégias de Desenvolvimento Nacional para o período 2012-2015: O Plano Mais Brasil sob a perspectiva da abordagem da CEPAL
Authors: Barros Cristiana Ramalho , Daroit Doriana Daroit , Oliveira Luiz Guilherme
Published: November 2016

Este estudo tem por objetivo verificar, a partir dos objetivos e metas de desenvolvimento nacional constantes no Plano Mais Brasil, se há traços que se alinham com a visão estruturalista e neoestruturalista de desenvolvimento latino-americano. Para tanto, a análise foi focada nos cinco primeiros macrodesafios do Plano Mais Brasil. Constatou-se que há um alinhamento com as ideias propostas pela corrente neoestruturalista, pois considera que aliados a fatores econômicos devem estar fatores sociais, políticos e ambientais como parte da estratégia de desenvolvimento nacional. Diante disso, o Plano Mais Brasil, de forma contrária às políticas propostas nos anos 1990, fortalece o papel do Estado no processo de desenvolvimento, o qual deve atuar também como agente integrador dos diversos atores políticos e sociais, e busca conhecer a importância das dinâmicas nacionais para o processo, mas ainda há muito a avançar para a construção de um modelo de desenvolvimento apoiado do progresso técnico e científico.
Flipped Classroom Approach
Authors: Ozdamli Fezile , Asiksoy Gulsum
Published: November 2016

Flipped classroom is an active, student-centered approach that was formed to increase the quality of period within class. Generally this approach whose applications are done mostly in Physical Sciences, also attracts the attention of educators and researchers in different disciplines recently. Flipped classroom learning which wide-spreads rapidly in the world, is not well recognized in our country. That is why the aim of study is to attract attention to its potential in education field and provide to make it recognize more by educators and researchers. With this aim, in the study what flipped classroom approach is, flipped classroom technology models, its advantages and limitations were explained.Â Keywords: Flipped learning, flipped classroom, new approaches
Message from Editor
Authors: Ozdamli Fezile
Published: November 2016

Dear Readers,It is the great honor for us to publish eighth issue of World Journal on Educational Technology (WJET). World Journal on Educational Technology welcomes original empirical investigations and comprehensive literature review articles focusing on topics related with educational technology. WJET is a published quarterly and it is devoted to be a joint platform for presenting and discussing the emerging developments on educational technology in an international arena. The aim of the journal is to publish original research, development and review articles to contribute to the development of educational technology field. WJET covers all aspects of educational technology; trends in educational technology, the emerging and innovative instructional technology integration in variety educational settings, instructional design, learning-teaching methods and applications, instructional multimedia, e-learning, mobile learning, human-computer interface design in distance and electronic learning, educational games and simulations, assessment and evaluation and related fields. Digital script, e-learning environments, cyberbullying, flipped classroom approach, technology integration, learning managements systems, use of digital and online tools in academic research and e-learning solutions for industry topics have been included into this issue. The topics of the next issue will be different. You can make sure that we will be trying to serve you with our journal with a rich knowledge in which different kinds of topics are discussed in 2016 Volume. A total number of nineteen (19) manuscripts were submitted for this issue and each paper has been subjected to double-blind peer review process by the reviewers specialized in the related field. At the end of the review process, a total number of eight (8) high quality research papers were selected and accepted for publication. We present many thanks to all the contributors who helped us to publish this issue. Best regards,Editor â€“ in ChiefAssoc. Prof. Dr. Fezile Ozdamli
MOOCs for Innovative Entrepreneurship in Smart Cities
Authors: Holotescu Carmen
Published: November 2016

Started in 2008, the new Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) paradigm has brought challenges and innovation at all levels of education, aiming to respond to the most pressing learning needs, generated by the new development policies and rapid evolution of the technology. This paper reports on a project proposed by a group of universities and organizations specialized in training, research and consultancy with the scope to develop and implement an innovative learning system in entrepreneurship. The project is built on a package of MOOCs targeting the young entrepreneursâ€™ learning needs in the context of â€žSmart citiesâ€ policies. The article presents the project concepts and the development and implementation steps, from MOOCs design, pilot phase, consultancy activities, impact study to proposals for national policies and accreditation. This work could be a foundation for developing new programmes and customized training courses on specific learning needs to support the â€žSmart citiesâ€ interventions.
Correlation of Periodontal Disease With Inflammatory Arthritis in the Time Before Modern Medical Intervention
Authors: Rothschild Bruce
Published: November 2016

Background: Controversy exists regarding possible correlation of periodontal disease with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Confounding factors may relate to stringency of inflammatory disease diagnosis and the effect of therapeutic intervention for RA on periodontal disease. These factors are investigated in this study.

Methods: Forty‐five individuals with documented RA (n = 15), spondyloarthropathy (n = 15), and calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD) (n = 15), from the Hamann–Todd collection of human skeletons compiled from 1912 to 1938, and 15 individuals contemporarily incorporated in the collection were examined for tooth loss, cavity occurrence, average and maximum lingual and buccal depth of space between tooth and bone, periosteal reaction, serpentine bone resorption, abscess formation, and root penetration of the bone surface and analyzed by analysis of variance.

Results: Tooth loss was common, but actual number of teeth lost, cavity occurrence, average and maximum lingual and buccal depth of space between tooth and bone, periosteal reaction, serpentine grooving surrounding teeth (considered a sign of inflammation), abscess formation, and root exposure (penetration of bone surface) were indistinguishable among controls and individuals with RA, spondyloarthropathy, and CPPD.

Conclusions: Although many factors can affect periodontal disease, presence of inflammatory arthritis does not appear to be one of them. The implication is that dental disease was common in the general population and not necessarily associated with arthritis, at least before the advent of modern rheumatologic medications. As specific diagnosis did not affect prevalence, perhaps current prevalence controversy may relate to current intervention, a subject for further study.
Desarrollo a escala humana: óptica de vida de tres individuos con discapacidad
Authors: Chamorro Arrieta Angélica Patricia , Cuasquen (colaboradora) Ana Patricia , Alegría (colaboradora) Claudia Patricia , Ortiz (colaboradora) Daniela Sofía , Bedoya (colaborador) Michael
Published: November 2016

The article studies the human-scale development of three people with disabilities (PWD) from their critical conscience as subjects. The aim is to identify the needs and satisfiers of people in situation of disability in the rural area of Popayán, based on the model of human-scale development. Using a qualitative approach, the accounts provided by three persons in situations of physical disability are observed and described, through semi-structured interviews using the matrix proposed by human-scale development. Results: The satisfiers that meet basic human needs in diversity are the following: work, independence, autonomy, mobility, access to health care, family and religion, that they can resolve make-subsistence, be-protection, have-protection, haveaffection, make-affection, have-participation, make-participation, and have-identity as basic human needs. Conclusions: The three persons with disabilities reveal, under the strategy of human-scale development, the needs and satisfiers that enhance and strengthen their self-recognition, spirituality and family, generating synergies and links with their environment and institutions.
La Escuela Rural de Utawilaya: Una Educación liberadora desde Puno - Perú 1902
Authors: Ruelas Vargas David
Published: November 2016

En este manuscrito se presentan datos del desarrollo de la Escuela Rural Indígena de Utawilaya en el distrito de Chucuito Platera de la provincia de Puno - Perú en 1902. Frente a la exclusión educativa, económica, social y política a la población rural, por el Estado, el maestro Manuel Zúñiga Camacho fundó la Escuela Rural Indígena con una postura pedagógica hacia una educación liberadora. Zúñiga Camacho consideraba a la educación como la única forma de salvación, de la exclusión, explotación, y pobreza, implando por los oligarcas y gamonales. La historiografía peruana coincide en afirmar que uno de los movimientos más fuertes en la sierra sur a inicios del siglo XX fue la lucha por la educación, que se consideraba de privilegio para la clase alta o élite gobernante (oligárquico y gamonal). La marginación de los pueblos indígenas no es un fenómeno actual, en el marco de la historia republicana se viene arrastrando desde hace doscientos años. En esta exclusión subyace el concepto que se manejó (y aún se maneja) sobre indígena, que se entiende como lo atrasado, lo ignorante, y por tanto no es incluido en las políticas de desarrollo del Estado peruano. Para Gustavo (2015), la incidencia de la pobreza de acuerdo a la lengua materna de las personas, afecta más a la población que tiene como lengua aprendida en su niñez una lengua nativa: quechua o aimara. Así, en el año 2013, la pobreza afectó al 35,9% de la población. La escuela Utawilaya su programa de alfabetización y lectoescritura abarcó a grupos de adultos y niños. La educación liberadora Manuel Zúñiga Camacho destaca aspectos trascendentales, tales como: liberar a la persona, transformar la comunidad, toma de conciencia, transformar la realidad en un ambiente sin discriminación, explotación, humillación y con derecho a educación.
Carta a los Lectores
Authors: Dueñas Manuel Álvaro
Published: November 2016

Basta con revisar el Sistema de Indicadores Sociodemográficos de Poblaciones y Pueblos Indígenas de la CEPAL para constatar que las desigualdades estructurales azotan de manera especialmente intensa a las comunidades indígenas.1 Desigualdades que, como señalan Fabiana del Popolo y Ana María Oyarce, si bien se manifiestan de manera diferente en los distintos países, sin embargo constituyen una realidad sistémica. Sirva como ejemplo que un 20% de niños y niñas indígenas en edad escolar no asiste a la escuela, que aquellos que lo hacen no culminan la escolarización básica en mayor medida que el resto de la población y que acceden con mucha mayor dificultad a los niveles educativos superiores, siendo todo ello especialmente grave para las niñas y las jóvenes, que se ven excluidas tanto por su condición de indígenas, como por ser mujeres.2
Beauty Lies in the Eye of the Beholder
Authors: Calder Judith
Published: November 2016

Best practice can be defined as that combination of structure, educational technology and content of a learning opportunity, which, in certain contexts and for particular groups of learners, is most likely to achieve the purposes of the main stakeholders. However, the rate of change of technological, political, economic, social and cultural contexts suggests that best practice may become a redundant concept, in that what is judged as best one day may not be so judged the next. This article considers what some significant contributions to the literature on open and distance learning practice have to say about the development and provision of best practice and about the place of critical reflection by stakeholders. It also considers the challenges facing the development of best practice presented by change, concluding with the identification of the most significant areas of development yet to be made.
Converting to Online Course and Program Delivery: The University of South Australia Case Study
Authors: King Bruce , McCauslan Holly , Nunan Ted
Published: November 2016

The University of South Australia's (UniSA) approach to converting its distance education programs to online delivery is to manage it as a part of establishing an online teaching and learning environment for all of its programs. UniSA's move to online teaching and learning derives from a clear vision of its future, is informed and directed by a comprehensive framework for teaching and learning, and enabled by appropriate structures, processes and resources. The institution has chosen to develop a relatively low-cost, easy to use online teaching and learning environment that has facilitated large-scale conversion to the online mode for all teaching and learning, including traditional distance education.
Ukraine Open University: Its Prospects in Distance Education Development
Authors: Shunevych Bohdan
Published: November 2016

The genesis, initiation, and expansion of distance education at the Ukraine Open International University for Human Development, located in Kyiv, will be examined in this case study, starting with a brief look at the positive changes taking place in Ukraine's traditional educational system, as well as recent developments in the country's distance education (DE) system. To help readers understand the University's development from an insider's perspective, societal factors that currently influence its inter- and extra-institutional environment will also be examined. Next, the history, organizational structure, institutional activities, and background of the Ukraine Open International University for Human Development, along with the reasons driving the University's dual mode activities - both traditional and distance education - will be briefly analyzed. Included in this analysis is a summary of the challenges surrounding the application of both traditional and distance education models.

The author concludes his case study by reflecting upon Ukraine Open International University for Human Development's experiences within the context of its being both a traditional education provider and new dual-mode distance education provider. Also discussed are some key indicators and predictions about what the future may hold for the University.
A Top Down Strategy to Enhance Information Technologies into Israeli Higher Education
Authors: Guri-Rosenblit Sara
Published: November 2016

This article examines the integration of the new information technologies (IT) into Israeli higher education, and most particularly its research universities through a top-down strategy, initiated by the Israeli Council for Higher Education since the end of 1999. This top-down strategy has created a systemic change that will affect the many layers of university activities rather than in a random, sporadic manner undertaken by enthusiastic individuals. This article discusses the built-in contradictions and dilemmas in the process of adapting distance teaching methods by conventional universities in Israel (as well as in other higher education systems). It examines the merits of a top-down strategy aimed to implement the IT through a macro-level, systemic approach, and analyses the differential uses of the IT in Israeli higher education institutions, relating to variables of: access-outreach; teaching-learning processes; study materials production; data and information retrieval; administrative functions; the creation of "researcher" communities; inter-institutional collaboration; and associated costs. The article concludes with some suggestions for effective implementation of the IT in different types of higher education institutions in a comprehensive and systematic manner, that will take into account their academic ethos and organizational infrastructure, and cater to the unique needs and characteristics of their relevant constituencies.
Second Language Acquisition Theories as a Framework for Creating Distance Learning Courses
Authors: Ariza Eileen N. , Hancock Sandra
Published: November 2016

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