bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alterations of the Chemical Compositions, Surface Functionalities, and Nitrogen Structures of Cage Layer Chicken Manure by Carbonization to Improve Nitrogen Bioavailability in Soil
Authors: Daramy Moses Ahmed , Kawada Ryoka , Oba Shinya
Published: July 2020

Carbonization of cage layer chicken manure (CLCM) can improve its bio-recalcitrance which might improve nitrogen (N) bioavailability in soil. However, temperature(s) to exhibit appropriate variations in the chemical makeup of the manure during carbonization in order to achieve this objective is unknown. In this study, we investigated the alterations in chemical compositions, surface functionalities, and N speciation initiated by different carbonization temperatures (350, 500, and 650 °C) and the effects of these alterations on N bioavailability in soil. The objective was to identify suitable temperature condition(s) for the conversion of CLCM into a carbonized product of appropriate bio-recalcitrance that is capable of improving N bioavailability in soil more than the un-carbonized CLCM. The results showed an increased bio-recalcitrance of the manure with increasing carbonization temperatures due to drastic changes in the chemical makeup and accumulation of heterocyclic aromatic N structures. Subsequently, these alterations in the chemical makeup and state of the organic N species in the manure affected N bioavailability in soil. Notably, N bioavailability of CLCM and benefits on plants were improved when soil was supplied with CLCM that was altered at 350 °C. With these observations, we concluded that alterations in chemical and surface structural compositions and N speciation at 350 °C are optimum for instituting the required bio-recalcitrance to CLCM in order to improve N bioavailability in soil for plants.
Erythronium japonicum Alleviates Inflammatory Pain by Inhibiting MAPK Activation and by Suppressing NF-κB Activation via ERK/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Park Joon , Kim Yun Tai
Published: July 2020

Microglial activation-mediated neuroinflammation influences the development of inflammatory pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of aqueous Erythronium japonicum extract (EJE) in microglia activation-mediated inflammatory pain. EJE was found to suppress lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA-1), and pro-inflammatory cytokines in BV2 microglial cells. In addition, LPS-induced c-Jun NH2 terminal protein kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation were inhibited by EJE. Intriguingly, EJE also inhibited p65 phosphorylation by activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling. Furthermore, the effects of EJE treatment, such as HO-1 induction and the reduction of NF-ĸB activation, were reversed by ERK1/2 inhibition. In an inflammatory pain mouse model, Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA)-induced mechanical allodynia and foot swelling were alleviated by the oral administration of EJE. Consistent with in vitro results, EJE increased HO-1, while decreasing CFA-induced COX-2, IBA-1, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord. Among the components of EJE, butanol most heavily suppressed LPS-induced microglial activation and increased HO-1 expression. These findings indicate that EJE can alleviate inflammatory pain by inhibiting p38 and JNK and by suppressing NF-ĸB via ERK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.
New Positive Solutions of Nonlinear Elliptic PDEs
Authors: Inc Mustafa , Bouteraa Noureddine , Akinlar Mehmet Ali , Benaicha Slimane , Chu Yu-Ming , Weber Gerhard-Wilhelm , Almohsen Bandar
Published: July 2020

We are concerned with positive solutions of two types of nonlinear elliptic boundary value problems (BVPs). We present conditions for existence, uniqueness and multiple positive solutions of a first type of elliptic BVPs. For a second type of elliptic BVPs, we obtain conditions for existence and uniqueness of positive global solutions. We employ mathematical tools including strictly upper (SU) and strictly lower (SL) solutions, iterative sequence method and Amann theorem. We present our research findings in new original theorems. Finally, we summarize and indicate areas of future study and possible applications of the research work.
Two Designs of Automatic Embedded System Energy Consumption Measuring Platforms Using GPIO
Authors: Wu Huanjie , Chen Chun , Weng Kai
Published: July 2020

Energy consumption is a critical evaluation index of embedded systems, and it has impacts on battery-life, thermal design, as well as device security and reliability. Since energy is the time integral of power, power consumption should be considered, along with the impact of “time”; thus, we propose two designs of automatic energy consumption measuring platforms utilizing General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO). Using these designs, we developed software and introduced auxiliary hardware for solutions with better timing and synchronization. A series of test sets were designed to verify our designs’ capabilities and accuracy levels. Both of our designs showed an accuracy similar to that of traditional measuring methods, which can satisfy the needs of different occasions. In addition, our designs provide real-time energy consumption data, as well as unattended automated measurements.
Sana: A Gamified Rehabilitation Management System for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Recovery
Authors: Kungwengwe Tanaka , Evans Richard
Published: July 2020

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) provides stabilization support for the back and forth motion of the knee joint. ACL ruptures account for 50% of all sports-related knee injuries with approximately 76.6% of them requiring reconstructive surgery, necessitating long-term patient rehabilitation. Compliance with rehabilitation management programs, following ACL reconstruction, is fundamental for the successful restoration of the knee’s kinematics and reducing the risk of secondary osteoarthritis. Existing recovery programs are often paper-based and require patients to perform exercises at home, unsupervised, resulting in a low level of self-efficacy; by promoting self-efficacy in home-based settings, rehabilitation outcomes can improve. This paper reports the design development of the Sana system, a mobile and wearable application that adopts behavioral design principles and gamification theory to improve long-term post-operative outcomes for ACL reconstruction recovery. A feasibility study was conducted from 15 October 2019–13 May 2020, employing the double diamond framework and a human-centered design approach (BS EN ISO 9241-210: 2019). Eighteen participants were recruited, including eight domain experts (in fields such as user experience design, human factors, and physiotherapy), and ten representative users who had undergone long-term rehabilitation for musculoskeletal injuries.
Enhancing Bitcoin Price Fluctuation Prediction Using Attentive LSTM and Embedding Network
Authors: Li Yang , Zheng Zibin , Dai Hong-Ning
Published: July 2020

Bitcoin has attracted extensive attention from investors, researchers, regulators, and the media. A well-known and unusual feature is that Bitcoin’s price often fluctuates significantly, which has however received less attention. In this paper, we investigate the Bitcoin price fluctuation prediction problem, which can be described as whether Bitcoin price keeps or reversals after a large fluctuation. In this paper, three kinds of features are presented for the price fluctuation prediction, including basic features, traditional technical trading indicators, and features generated by a Denoising autoencoder. We evaluate these features using an Attentive LSTM network and an Embedding Network (ALEN). In particular, an attentive LSTM network can capture the time dependency representation of Bitcoin price and an embedding network can capture the hidden representations from related cryptocurrencies. Experimental results demonstrate that ALEN achieves superior state-of-the-art performance among all baselines. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of parameters on the Bitcoin price fluctuation prediction problem, which can be further used in a real trading environment by investors.
Multi-mode Microscopic Hyperspectral Imager for the Sensing of Biological Samples
Authors: Xu Zhanpeng , Jiang Yiming , He Sailing
Published: July 2020

In this work, we develop a multi-mode microscopic hyperspectral imager (MMHI) for the detection of biological samples in transmission imaging, reflection imaging and fluorescence mode. A hyperspectral image cube can be obtained with 5 μm spatial resolution and 3 nm spectral resolution through push-broom line scanning. To avoid possible shadows produced by the high magnification objective with a short working distance, two illumination patterns are designed to ensure the co-axiality of the illumination and detection. Three experiments for the detection of zebrafish and fingerprints and the classification of disaster-causing microalgae verify the good capability and functionality of the system. Based on the detected spectra, we can observe the impacts of β-carotene and melanin in zebrafish, hemoglobin in the fingertip, and chlorophyll in microalgae, respectively. Multi-modes can be switched freely according to the application requirement and characteristics of different samples, like transmission mode for the transparent/translucent sample, reflection mode for the opaque sample and fluorescence mode for the fluorescent sample. The MMHI system also has strong potential for the non-invasive and high-speed sensing of bio or clinical samples.
A Multistage Sustainable Production–Inventory Model with Carbon Emission Reduction and Price-Dependent Demand under Stackelberg Game
Authors: Lu Chi-Jie , Lee Tian-Shyug , Gu Ming , Yang Chih-Te
Published: July 2020

This paper investigated a multistage sustainable production–inventory model for deteriorating items (i.e., raw materials and finished goods) with price-dependent demand and collaborative carbon reduction technology investment under carbon tax regulation. The model was developed by first defining the total profit of the supply chain members under carbon tax regulation and, second, considering a manufacturer (leader)–retailer (follower) Stackelberg game. The optimal equilibrium solutions that maximize the manufacturer’s and retailer’s total profits were determined through the method analysis. An algorithm complemented the model to determine the optimal equilibrium solutions, which were then treated with sensitivity analyses for the major parameters. Based on the numerical analysis, (a) carbon tax policies help reduce carbon emissions for both the manufacturer and retailer; (b) most carbon emissions from supply chain operations negatively impact the total profits of both members; (c) the retailer may increase the optimal equilibrium selling price to respond to an increase in carbon emissions from supply chain operations or carbon tax; and (d) autonomous consumption positively affects both members’ optimal equilibrium policies and total profits, whereas induced consumption does the opposite. These findings are very managerial and instructive for companies seeking profits and fulfilling environmental responsibility and governments.
The Impact of Surface Scattering on Reverberation Time in Differently Shaped Spaces
Authors: Zhu Xiangdong , Kang Jian , Ma Hui
Published: July 2020

In terms of the overall diffusion sound field, the inherent diffusion state of the space and the scattering coefficient of indoor surfaces work jointly to diffuse sound energy. This study has investigated the impact of surface scattering on reverberation time in differently shaped spaces. First, 10 spaces with the same volume but different shapes were calculated using a computer simulation; Next, two typical spaces were selected to calculate 10 states, in which the volume was multiplied. The calculations results show that the impact of surface scattering on reverberation time in differently shaped spaces follows three laws: in a group of spaces with the same variation pattern, T20 varies with scattering coefficients at a similar rate. In a group of spaces with different variation patterns, there is a difference of more than 5% in the change rate of T20 with scattering coefficients; in imperfect diffusion spaces, decay curves vary in accordance with scattering coefficients. If the scattering coefficients are the same, T20 varies with spatial shapes; when the volume of rectangular spaces and trapezoidal space ranges from 3000 to 30,000 m3, the change rate of T20 is less than 5%. In the present study, spaces were classified by the position combination of shape surfaces. On this basis, we proposed and then graded the concept of “morphology diffusivity”.
Disturbance and Uncertainty Suppression Control for a Saucer-Shaped Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based on Extended State Observer
Authors: Deng Jia , Feng Cong , Zhao Hongbo , Wen Yongming , Wu Sentang
Published: July 2020

For saucer-shaped unmanned aerial vehicles with blended wing bodies (BWBs), un-modelled coupling effect uncertainty and external disturbance missing the matching conditions have always been the concerns. To solve this flight control problem, this research has proposed a composite backstepping controller incorporated with a finite-time convergent differentiator and a nonlinear extended state observer (ESO). More specifically, the differentiator is employed to obtain the derivatives of the virtual control laws in finite-time and therefore eliminate the inherent “explosion of term” problem in backstepping. By the effective real-time estimation of ESO without the peaking value problem, the total effect of internal uncertainties and external disturbances is compensated in the control law design, which can dispense with parameter identification and model approximation. Furthermore, based on Lyapunov theory, it is proved rigorously that all the signals of the resulting closed-loop systems are bounded. In the final part of this paper, simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
PEG-b-PLGA Nanoparticles Loaded with Geraniin from Phyllanthus Watsonii Extract as a Phytochemical Delivery Model
Authors: Devasvaran Kogilavanee , Jairaman Sreegayathri , Yahaya Nur Azirah , Jaganath Indu Bala S. , Khung Yit Lung , Lim Vuanghao , Ngalim Siti Hawa
Published: July 2020

The study outlined a standardized double emulsion method for simple poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PEG-b-PLGA) nanoparticle (NP) synthesis. The PEG-b-PLGA NP was also used for entrapment of geraniin as a simple model system for phytochemical delivery. PEG-b-PLGA NPs were prepared using the double emulsion method. The yields and particle sizes of PEG-b-PLGA NPs obtained with and without encapsulation of geraniin were 57.6% and 134.20 ± 1.45 nm and 66.7% and 102.70 ± 12.36 nm, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography of geraniin that was extracted from Phyllanthus watsonii was detected at 64 min. Geraniin burst release began at 40 min and fully released at 3 h. PEG-b-PLGA NP was non-cytotoxic, while cytotoxicity of geraniin was dose dependant towards normal human epithelial colon cells, CCD 841 CoN cells.
Investigating the Role of Extreme Synoptic Patterns and Complex Topography During Two Heavy Rainfall Events in Crete in February 2019
Authors: Lagouvardos Konstantinos , Dafis Stavros , Giannaros Christos , Karagiannidis Athanassios , Kotroni Vassiliki
Published: July 2020

During February 2019, two severe storms affected the island of Crete, located in south Greece. Both storms produced excessive rainfall, provoking severe damages, especially in the western part of Crete. The role of the prevailing synoptic patterns and the interaction of the flow with the high mountains of Crete were investigated. For this purpose, a variety of observational and numerical model data were exploited, including data from a dense rain gauge network, satellite imagery, and model analysis of various parameters describing the stability of the impinging flow. The first storm was a long-lasting event, with convective outbreaks embedded in a more stratiform rainfall pattern. The second storm was brief but mostly convection dominated. The analysis of the available data underlined the role of the low-level convergence upstream of the mountains during both storms, highlighting similarities and differences, as well as the role of the stability of the impinging flow. High soil moisture content was also evidenced as a key ingredient for the severe flooding that occurred during the second storm. This work complements similar studies on the role of Mediterranean islands and their topography on the spatial and temporal distribution of extreme rainfall.
Multiprotocol Authentication Device for HPC and Cloud Environments Based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography
Authors: Díaz Antonio F. , Blokhin Ilia , Anguita Mancia , Ortega Julio , Escobar Juan J.
Published: July 2020

Multifactor authentication is a relevant tool in securing IT infrastructures combining two or more credentials. We can find smartcards and hardware tokens to leverage the authentication process, but they have some limitations. Users connect these devices in the client node to log in or request access to services. Alternatively, if an application wants to use these resources, the code has to be amended with bespoke solutions to provide access. Thanks to advances in system-on-chip devices, we can integrate cryptographically robust, low-cost solutions. In this work, we present an autonomous device that allows multifactor authentication in client–server systems in a transparent way, which facilitates its integration in High-Performance Computing (HPC) and cloud systems, through a generic gateway. The proposed electronic token (eToken), based on the system-on-chip ESP32, provides an extra layer of security based on elliptic curve cryptography. Secure communications between elements use Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) to facilitate their interconnection. We have evaluated different types of possible attacks and the impact on communications. The proposed system offers an efficient solution to increase security in access to services and systems.
Hall-Sensor-Based Position Detection for Quick Reversal of Speed Control in a BLDC Motor Drive System for Industrial Applications
Authors: Nandakumar Mohanraj , Ramalingam Sankaran , Nallusamy Subashini , Srinivasarangan Rangarajan Shriram
Published: July 2020

This paper proposes the novel idea of eliminating the front-end converters used indirect current (DC) bus voltage variation, thereby allowing for control of the speed of the brushless direct current (BLDC) motors in the two-quadrant operation of a permanent magnet brushless direct current (PMBLDC) motor, which is required for multiple bi-directional hot roughing steel rolling mills. The first phase of steel rolling, the manufacture of plates, strips etc., using hot slabs from the continuous casting stage, is carried out for thickness reduction, before the same is sent to the finishing mill for further mechanical processing. The hot roughing process involves applying high, compressive pressure, using a hydraulically operated mechanism, through a pair of backup rolls and work rolls for rolling. Overall, the processes consist of multiple passes of forward and reverse rolling at increasing roll speeds. The rolling process was modeled, taking into account parameters like roller dimensions, angle and length of contact, and rolling force, at various temperatures, using actual data obtained from a steel mill. From this data, speed and torque profiles at the motor shaft, covering the entire rolling process, were created. A profile-based feedback controller is proposed for setting the six-pulse inverter frequency and parameters of the pulse width modulated (PWM) waveform for current control, based on Hall sensor position, and the same is implemented for closed loop operation of the brushless direct current motor drive system. The performance enhancement of the two different controllers was also evaluated, during the rolling of 1005 hot rolled (HR) steel, and was taken into consideration in the research analysis. The entire process was simulated in the MATLAB/Simulink platform, and the results verify the suitability of an entire-drive system for industrial steel rolling applications.
Prospecting and Evaluation of Underground Massive Ice by Ground-Penetrating Radar
Authors: Sokolov Kirill , Fedorova Larisa , Fedorov Maksim
Published: July 2020

Data from geocryological studies of soil and rock massifs in permafrost zone are very important as a basis for predicting possible negative consequences associated with climate change. A promising technique for studying geocryological structures (various types of underground ice) is the ground-penetrating radar (GPR) method. This paper presents the applications of the GPR method to prospect and evaluate massive ice in a frozen rock mass. To study the features of GPR signals received during sounding of underground ice, a model of a single GPR trace for the structure “frozen rock-ice-frozen rock” was developed. As a result, regularities were established in the kinematic and dynamic characteristics of GPR signals at the upper and lower boundaries of massive ice, depending on its geometric parameters. The established features were confirmed by the results of computer and physical simulation of GPR measurements of a frozen rock mass model. The main result of the study was to obtain a set of criteria for identifying massive ice according to GPR measurements. The developed criteria will allow the use of GPR for a detailed study of the structure of permafrost rocks to prevent the development of dangerous cryogenic processes in undisturbed and urban areas of the Arctic.
Risk Prediction Model Development for Late On-Set Breast Cancer Screening in Low- and Middle-Income Societies: A Model Study for North Cyprus
Authors: Danladi Ceasar Dubor , Serakinci Nedime
Published: July 2020

Background: Early detection of breast cancer alters the prognosis and tools that can predict the risk for breast cancer in women will have a significant impact on healthcare systems in low- and middle-income regions, such as North Cyprus. Objective: In this study, we developed a simple breast cancer risk model for the women of North Cyprus. Methods: Data from 655 women, consisting of 318 breast cancer cases and 337 hospital-based controls, was used to develop and internally validate the model, external validation was carried out using, 653 women consisting of 126 cases and 527 controls. Data were obtained from medical records and interviews after informed consent. Results: A model was derived that consisted of age ≥50 years and <50 years and the presence and absence of >1 first-degree relatives (FDR) with breast cancer. From internal and external validations the model’s AUCs were, 0.66 (95% CI = 0.62–0.70) and 0.69 (95% CI = 0.63–0.74) respectively. Conclusions: A unique model for risk prediction of breast cancer was developed to aid in identifying high-risk women from North Cyprus that can benefit from mammogram screening. Further study on a large scale that includes environmental risk factors is warranted.
Toward Measuring the Level of Spatiotemporal Clustering of Multi-Categorical Geographic Events
Authors: Gong Junfang , Lee Jay , Zhou Shunping , Li Shengwen
Published: July 2020

Human activity events are often recorded with their geographic locations and temporal stamps, which form spatial patterns of the events during individual time periods. Temporal attributes of these events help us understand the evolution of spatial processes over time. A challenge that researchers still face is that existing methods tend to treat all events as the same when evaluating the spatiotemporal pattern of events that have different properties. This article suggests a method for assessing the level of spatiotemporal clustering or spatiotemporal autocorrelation that may exist in a set of human activity events when they are associated with different categorical attributes. This method extends the Voronoi structure from 2D to 3D and integrates a sliding-window model as an approach to spatiotemporal tessellations of a space-time volume defined by a study area and time period. Furthermore, an index was developed to evaluate the partial spatiotemporal clustering level of one of the two event categories against the other category. The proposed method was applied to simulated data and a real-world dataset as a case study. Experimental results show that the method effectively measures the level of spatiotemporal clustering patterns among human activity events of multiple categories. The method can be applied to the analysis of large volumes of human activity events because of its computational efficiency.
Generalized Fixed Point Results with Application to Nonlinear Fractional Differential Equations
Authors: Zahed Hanadi , Fouad Hoda A. , Hristova Snezhana , Ahmad Jamshaid
Published: July 2020

The main objective of this paper is to introduce the ( α , β )-type ϑ -contraction, ( α , β )-type rational ϑ -contraction, and cyclic ( α - ϑ ) contraction. Based on these definitions we prove fixed point theorems in the complete metric spaces. These results extend and improve some known results in the literature. As an application of the proved fixed point Theorems, we study the existence of solutions of an integral boundary value problem for scalar nonlinear Caputo fractional differential equations with a fractional order in (1,2).
Microstructural Investigations of Novel High Temperature Alloys Based on NiAl-(Cr,Mo)
Authors: Gombola Camelia , Kauffmann Alexander , Geramifard Golnar , Blankenburg Malte , Heilmaier Martin
Published: July 2020

Apart from the reported transition from the fibrous morphology in NiAl-34Cr to lamellae by adding 0.6 at.% Mo, further morphology transformations along the eutectic trough in the NiAl-(Cr,Mo) alloys were observed. Compositions with at least 10.3 at.% Cr have lamellar morphology while the first tendency to fiber formation was found at 9.6 at.% Cr. There is a compositional range, where both lamellae and fibers are present in the microstructure and a further decrease in Cr to 1.8at.% Cr results in fully fibrous morphology. Alongside these morphology changes of the (Cr,Mo)ss reinforcing phase, its volume fraction was found to be from 41 to 11 vol.% confirming the trend predicted by the CALPHAD approach. For mixed morphologies in-situ X-ray diffraction experiments performed between room and liquidus temperature accompanied by EDX measurements reveal the formation of a gradient in composition for the solid solution. A new Mo-rich NiAl-9.6Cr-10.3Mo alloy clearly shows this effect in the as-cast state. Moreover, crystallographic orientation examination yields two different types of colonies in this composition. In the first colony type, the orientation relationship between NiAl matrix and (Cr,Mo)ss reinforcing phase was ( 100 ) NiAl|| ( 100 ) Cr,Mo and ⟨ 100 ⟩ NiAl|| ⟨ 100 ⟩ Cr,Mo. An orientation relationship described by a rotation of almost 60° about ⟨ 111 ⟩ was found in the second colony type. In both cases, no distinct crystallographic plane as phase boundary was observed.
Molecular Detection and Genetic Diversity of Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts in Cat Faeces from Klang Valley, Malaysia, Using B1 and REP Genes in 2018
Authors: Nasiru Wana Mohammed , Mohd Moklas Mohamad Aris , Watanabe Malaika , Zasmy Unyah Ngah , Alhassan Abdullahi Sharif , Ahmad Issa Alapid Ashraf , Nordin Norshariza , Basir Rusliza , Abd Majid Roslaini
Published: July 2020

The major route for Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection is through the ingestion of foods contaminated with oocyst from cat faeces. The microscopic detection of T. gondii oocysts in cat faeces is challenging, which contributes to the failure of detecting or differentiating it from other related coccidian parasites. This study aims to detect T. gondii oocysts in cat faeces using two multicopy-target PCR assays and to evaluate their genetic diversity. Cat faecal (200) samples were collected from pet cats (PCs; 100) and free-roaming cats (FRCs; 100) within Klang Valley, Malaysia, and screened for coccidian oocysts by microscopy using Sheather’s sucrose floatation. PCR assays were performed on each faecal sample, targeting a B1 gene and a repetitive element (REP) gene to confirm T. gondii oocysts. Additionally, the PCR amplicons from the REP gene were sequenced to further confirm T. gondii-positive samples for phylogenetic analysis. Microscopy detected 7/200 (3.5%) T. gondii-like oocysts, while both the B1 gene and the REP gene detected 17/200 (8.5%) samples positive for T. gondii. All samples that were microscopically positive for T. gondii-like oocysts were also shown to be positive by both B1 and REP genes. The BLAST results sequenced for 16/200 (8.0%) PCR-positive T. gondii samples revealed homology and genetic heterogeneity with T. gondii strains in the GenBank, except for only one positive sample that did not show a result. There was almost perfect agreement (k = 0.145) between the two PCR assays targeting the B1 gene and the REP gene. This is the first report on microscopic, molecular detection and genetic diversity of T. gondii from cat faecal samples in Malaysia. In addition, the sensitivities of either the B1 gene or REP gene multicopy-target PCR assays are suitable for the accurate detection of T. gondii from cat faeces.
Polycystic Kidney Disease Ryanodine Receptor Domain (PKDRR) Proteins in Oomycetes
Authors: Zheng Limian , Prestwich Barbara Doyle , Harrison Patrick T. , Mackrill John J.
Published: July 2020

In eukaryotes, two sources of Ca2+ are accessed to allow rapid changes in the cytosolic levels of this second messenger: the extracellular medium and intracellular Ca2+ stores, such as the endoplasmic reticulum. One class of channel that permits Ca2+ entry is the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily, including the polycystic kidney disease (PKD) proteins, or polycystins. Channels that release Ca2+ from intracellular stores include the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate/ryanodine receptor (ITPR/RyR) superfamily. Here, we characterise a family of proteins that are only encoded by oomycete genomes, that we have named PKDRR, since they share domains with both PKD and RyR channels. We provide evidence that these proteins belong to the TRP superfamily and are distinct from the ITPR/RyR superfamily in terms of their evolutionary relationships, protein domain architectures and predicted ion channel structures. We also demonstrate that a hypothetical PKDRR protein from Phytophthora infestans is produced by this organism, is located in the cell-surface membrane and forms multimeric protein complexes. Efforts to functionally characterise this protein in a heterologous expression system were unsuccessful but support a cell-surface localisation. These PKDRR proteins represent potential targets for the development of new “fungicides”, since they are of a distinctive structure that is only found in oomycetes and not in any other cellular organisms.
A Poisson Autoregressive Model to Understand COVID-19 Contagion Dynamics
Authors: Agosto Arianna , Giudici Paolo
Published: July 2020

We present a statistical model which can be employed to understand the contagion dynamics of the COVID-19, which can heavily impact health, economics and finance. The model is a Poisson autoregression of the daily new observed cases, and can reveal whether contagion has a trend, and where is each country on that trend. Model results are exemplified from some observed series.
Analysis of the expression level of circulating micrornas as biomarkers for early diagnosis of vascular calcification in coronary heart disease
Authors: Ibragimova A. , Stanishevskiy Ya.
Published: July 2020

Purpose: Analysis of the expression level of circulating microRNAs in the blood as diagnostic biomarkers for the early diagnosis of vascular calcification in coronary heart disease. 36 patients took part in the study, including 18 patients suffering from coronary heart disease and calcification (average age: 45.7±6.5) and 18 healthy patients who did not have calcification as a control group (average age: 59.6±8.2). Bioinformatic analysis of data from blood samples (microRNA profiles) obtained from the public database GEO (GSE28858) and PubMed (PMC4964495) was carried out. Analysis of the level of microRNA expression was done using the microarray method. Statistical analysis was performed using R methods and using J-express Pro algorithms. We found previously shown relation of two microRNAs that were statistically significantly changed in our analysis with calcification of the cardiovascular system, mir-199a-5p and mir-382. We concluded that patients with coronary artery disease have several differentially expressed microRNA markers that can affect calcification in different ways. The data provided may have a positive result for the cardiovascular diagnostic strategy and personalized medicine.
Immunological and physiological parameters of older teachers in different periods of the academic year
Authors: Dolgova Valentina , Mamylina Natalya
Published: July 2020

Health of an elderly working person is an important medical and social issue. It is important to carry out comprehensive diagnostic measures using laboratory and instrumental methods in order to develop rehabilitation and therapy methods that are part of the anti-age system throughout the entire period of intensive work of older teachers, namely, in the dynamics of the academic year. Parameters of heart rate regulation at the beginning of academic year, after 6 and 10 months are analyzed. Indicators of the spectral analysis of the heart rate, the wave structures of the high-frequency, low-frequency, spectral components were studied; statistical methods included the calculation of the Shapiro — Wilk criterion, chi-squared test, Fisher’s exact test, and Student’s t-test. A decrease in heart rate variability was revealed, it confirms the need for a set of preventive measures aimed at maintaining health in older people who continue their professional activities.
STUDY ON USAGE OF FABRIC REMNANTS ON YEMENI’S FASHION FOR WOMEN
Authors: Thabit Budoor Mohammed , Hassan Hanisa
Published: July 2020

The big quantity of fabric remnants was thrown away in Yemen due to a lack of knowledge and competency in reusing the remnants as material for making clothes. It has become a burden to the consumers and also bad for the environment. Therefore, this research aims to understand why the seamstress in Yemen wasted a lot of remnants and the possibility of using the remnants in making innovative designs on Yemenis traditional clothing such as Abaya and Galabiah. In order to answer the objectives, the researcher applies the qualitative approach in order to describe and understand the problems stated for this study by made several interviews with Yemeni’s respondent who used to be a seamstress in Yemen, besides her personal experience when working in the workshop in Yemen. The prior objective is to recognise what was done to remnants in sewing workshops. Secondly, the researcher will be producing a design line using remnants with various techniques of embellishment to create new designs for Yemen's traditional costume of Abaya and Galabiah. The researcher hopes that through her innovation can inspire other designers or seamstress to use remnants as a source of material in making clothes. At the end of this study, the researcher found out that her Yemeni’s respondents threw away remnants because they do not have the knowledge and skill to turn remnants into fashion. Plus, they are also lazy to think of recycling remnants since they had lots of orders from clients. In the end, the researcher made a questionnaire about the final designs and they did agree that remnants can be used to make beautiful traditional Yemeni’s dress. Since remnants came from different sources, the design made is unique and one-off, which is the preference for most Yemenis. The researcher also proved that innovative and creative thinking are vital in creating designs, and hopefully it can change the perspective of Yemeni women towards the usage of remnants in fashion.
CHALLENGES OF 21ST CENTURY PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATION
Authors: Mohamad Hanapi Mazarul Hasan , Zakaria Norazimah , Shaffeei Kama
Published: July 2020

In this 21st century, the teaching and learning process has mostly been using various information and also communication technologies. This research aims to identify challenges in the implementation of the 21st century’s teaching and learning, and also suggestions to improve the teachers’ teaching and learning practices in the 21st century primary schools, based on the Emergent Curriculum Theory. Due to the dynamic nature of the Malaysian curriculum, which is driven by the changes in the environment and technological advancements, therefore this theory is the most suitable to be used because it is always open to many new possibilities. Enhancements in the teaching and learning practices by teachers need to be done so that all the shortcomings and constraints can be addressed immediately to achieve the goals outlined by the Ministry of Education (MOE). According to Wan Abdul Halim, Nor Laila, and Shafie (2006), ideal and excellent teachers are those who possess a high level of knowledge, experts in multiple fields, and efficient in carrying out their responsibilities as educators. A teaching and learning process will be effective if the teacher possesses skills and knowledge about the subject being taught and also an understanding of the aspects of student learning.
DECISION MAKING BIASES AND ERRORS AMONG MUSLIM GROUPS AND SECTS IN BANGLADESH: A MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Islam Md. Ariful
Published: July 2020

Different Muslim groups/sects in Bangladesh are very intolerant to other groups/sects where Islam teaches brotherhood and unity. This study tried to see the issue from a management perspective, especially in the area of decision making. The study tried to identify the decision-making biases and/or errors among Muslim groups/sects in Bangladesh, and their impacts on their decision-making process. The study adopted a model developed by Kieren Jamieson and Paul Hyland (2006). This study followed a qualitative approach. It interviewed 20 Islamic scholars and unity initiators who are working for establishing brotherhood and unity among Muslim groups/sects in Bangladesh. Guidelines have been used while conducting a face-to-face interview. Firstly, the study tried to find whether there are biases and/or errors in the decision-making process among different Muslim groups/sects in Bangladesh, and we found some serious biases and/or errors that can surely lead to biased/inappropriate decisions about other Muslim groups/sects. Secondly, the study tried to specifically find the nature and impacts of those biases and/or errors according to the research framework. It categorized those biases and/or errors in information bias, cognitive bias, risk bias, and uncertainty bias. Those biases and/or errors occurred in the information load, and in the decision-making process. Cognitive biases, the study found, have the most impacts on decision making. From the study, we developed a model to present the decision-making biases and/errors, and their impacts on decisions Muslim groups/sects in Bangladesh take.
MODEL OF THE OFF-DOCK DEPOT CONGESTION PROBLEM: VALIDATION THROUGH DELPHI TECHNIQUE
Authors: Mohd Zain Rosmaizura , Ramli Ainon
Published: July 2020

World trade has grown over the last two decades and has led to increasing demand for containers. As such, container transport by truck is growing either inside or outside the port terminal. This study aims to gain expert confirmation of the clarity and practicality of the 'congestion problem model in empty container depots' through the Delphi technique. This technique is carried out in two rounds by several experts who have knowledge and experience in container management. Overall, the Delphi analysis shows that the average value exceeds 75%, proving that the model of the congestion problem chain has been approved by the panel of experts. Finally, all panel of experts has the same view regarding the development of this model that it is able to provide a clear understanding of the factors involved in congestion problems outside of the port. Therefore, this model can also serve as a guideline for stakeholders to reduce delays especially during the operation of empty container pick-up and drop-off.
ON THE QUESTION OF ADJECTIVE QUALITY DEGREES IN THE UDMURT AND CHUVASH LANGUAGES
Authors: Efremov Dmitry Anatolyevich , Selmeczy Soma
Published: July 2020

The Udmurt and Chuvash languages do not belong to the same family, however, when it comes to morphological categorisation, they are both classified as agglutinative. As a result of the historical development of the Udmurt and the Chuvash peoples, i.e. due to their long dwelling within the same geographical region, the Volga-Kama Sprachbund was formed, which also includes the Mari, Tatar and Bashkir languages. In these five languages typologically similar points are manifested on different linguistic levels, including morphology. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the degrees of comparison of the adjective in the Udmurt and Chuvash languages and hypothesise that the category of degrees of quality may be present in the Chuvash language. In Udmurt, along with degrees of comparison, adjective quality levels are also distinguished, which include three degrees: positive, moderative, and intensive. Semantically this category lacks the notion of comparison, instead it indicates the presence of a quality or feature of an object (or person) to a certain extent; positive expresses a neutral degree of quality. There are no special means for the formation of this word form, just as in the case with a positive degree of comparison, the grammatical indicator is the zero morpheme. The moderative expresses the incompleteness of quality, or its insufficiency; formed morphologically in Udmurt, using affixes -мыт, -алэс ( -ялэс ) , -пыр(ъем), -гес ( -гем ). The intensive shows the presence of the feature in a concentrated form, its prevalence; The highest degree of quality can be formed in two ways: analytically (using amplifier words) and synthetically (by reduplication of the adjective). In the Chuvash language, a completely identical situation is manifested: linguists note the presence of forms expressing quality, the notion of the attribute being incomplete or intensified, however, there are no opinions that a category of degrees of quality that is different from the degree of comparison would exist.
MYTHOLOGICAL CREATURES AS REPRESENTATIVES OF THE "ALIEN" WORLD IN MANSI FOLKLORE
Authors: Panchenko Lyudmila Nikolaevna
Published: July 2020

The article discusses some mythological creatures, as representatives of the “alien” world in Mansi folklore, as well as the mythological function of the border in the structuring of space of the Northern ethnic group. The material of the study was the texts of Mansi fairy tales published in various folklore collections, in periodicals, as well as field materials of the author. A hermeneutic method is used in the work, the principles of historicism and a systematic approach are reflected. Analysis of Mansi folklore texts showed that the Mansi people include their family, village, kin, nationality, ethnic group in their own circle. All of them are united by language, appearance, religion. Wrong things were perceived by Mansi as a threat. Accordingly, such objects as “others”, “otherworldly”, “strangers”, “outlanders”, “enemies” relate to the category of “them”. Own things are perceived as something positive, but foreign things on a subconscious level are perceived as negative and cause negative emotions. The presence of the main type of the opposition “us - them” in the mythological picture of the Mansi world is represented by us through the schemes, reflecting different methods of interaction between “us” and “them”. The author expresses her gratitude to all informants who know the Mansi language and traditional culture of the Mansi people, as well as anonymous reviewers.
A LIFE, DEDICATED TO A SCIENCE (TO THE ANNIVERSARY OF DOCTOR OF PHILOLOGY, PROFESSOR ANNA SERGEEVNA IZMAILOVA-ZUEVA)
Authors: Atnabaeva Natalia Andreevna , Busygina Lyudmila Vasilievna
Published: July 2020

The article deals with a brief description of the scientific and social activities of the famous Udmurt scholar-literary critic, Anna Sergeevna Izmailova-Zueva. Her invaluable scientific contribution to Udmurt literary criticism is considered. Scientific works of the literary critic, Doctor of Philology, Anna Sergeevna, are known not only in Udmurtia, in Russia, but also abroad. The long-term fruitful activity of the Doctor of Philology contributes to the preservation and enhancement of the scientific and educational potential not only of the Udmurt philological science, but also makes an invaluable contribution to the development of Finno-Ugric literary studies in General.
“IDEOLOGICAL IDEALISM” IN THE XXI CENTURY: “PARADISE” AS A PROBLEM OF “FAITH” AND “KNOWLEDGE”
Authors: Borisov B.P. , Reznichenko I.I.
Published: July 2020

A problem of the relationship between "faith" and "knowledge" is a historically traditional subject of a worldview discourse. Three main approaches have been formed in its discussion: "faith helps to know", "knowledge enlightens faith", "faith in the ideologically formed image of the world substitutes knowledge". In spiritual conditions of the postmodern era, the third approach to discussing the relationship between 'faith' and 'knowledge' is dominant. This article shows that the transformation of "faith" into a special foundation of "simulations of metaphysics of the postmodern", for the modern stage of the spiritual formation of mankind is not accidental, but responds to the need of man to "Salvation" in its modern form, acquiring in the conditions of artistic and ideological worldview creativity a kind of "search for an artistic image" of ideologically manifested "true being". Does this mean, for mankind, the final "post-mythological victory of faith over knowledge"? The question, alas, remains open for now.
FORMATION OF UNIVERSAL COMPETENCIES “INTERCULTURAL INTERACTION” IN THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Iogolevich N.I.
Published: July 2020

The article is devoted to the problem of formation and development of the group of universal competences “Intercultural interaction” of master’s students studying in the specialty 08.04.01 Construction. It is shown that the formation of these competences is one of the pressing tasks of higher education. The article presents scientific views on the notion of intercultural interaction. It is concluded that the intercultural interaction is complex, interdisciplinary, described by a number of related terms that require further clarification and distinction. As a working notion, it is proposed to consider intercultural interaction as an integrated characteristic of the competences required for the individual included in social interaction with other cultures (multicultural environment). And the competences themselves are defined by the main approaches to the notion of culture, as well as indicators of their achievements. Experimental data of master’s students of construction specialties on self-assessment of the level of development and rank in professional self-education of competences “Intercultural interaction” are given, which show the need for their further formation, as well as a weak understanding of the importance of these competences for professional activity. The author proposes a pedagogical model for the development of the group of competences “Intercultural interaction”, using a competence-based approach with active and interactive forms of training.