bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A structural analysis of acute exotoxicoses in people of elderly and senile age
Authors: Ilyashenko K. K. , Simonova A. Yu. , Belova M. V.
Published: December 2019

Based on the analysis of reports of the Department for treatment of acute poisonings at the N.V. Sklifosovskiy Research Institute of Emergency Medicine from 2009 to 2014 and medical records of in-patients hospitalized during that period, the structure of acute poisoning in elderly and senile patients was investigated. The share of patients of the senior age groups averages 12.5% of all patients. The most frequent reason for poisoning is a suicide attempt-71.9%. Psychopharmacological (46.5%) and cardiotropic (13.6%,) medications take the key place in poisonings as well as combined poisonings. The lethality analysis revealed its growth with increase in age of victims. One of the main causes of lethal outcomes is pneumonia.
Actual issues of teaching basic priciples of preventive toxicology to specialists of medical and prophylaсtic profile
Authors: Khamidulina Kh. Kh. , Filin A. S. , Andrusov V. E.
Published: December 2019

Addressing emerging chemical safety issues requires the presence of qualified professionals in the country. Currently, a speciality «toxicology» is included in the range of medical disciplines but it only applies to clinical toxicologists. Physicians of preventive health profile, who are actually involved in toxicity and hazards assessment of chemicals, prevention and risk assessment of their impact on human health and human environment are not thought of as toxicologists in accordance with the existing legal and regulatory framework. The article also raises questions about the necessity of teaching preventive toxicology at the various stages of continuous medical education.
TOXICOLOGICAL AND HYGIENE CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME METAL-CONTAINING NANOPARTICLES AT VARIOUS EXPOSITION METHODS: BIOACCUMULATION AND MORPHOFUNCTIONAL EXPOSURE FEATURES
Authors: Zaitsevа N. V. , Zemlianova M. A. , Zvezdin N. N. , Dovbysh A. A.
Published: December 2019

Bioaccumulation and morphofunctional disorders induced by metal-containing nanoparticles were investigated on the example of potentially hazardous to health nanodispersed manganese and nickel oxides under various exposition conditions (particles size of 15-29 and 17-45 nanometers respectively). As a comparison, micro dimensional analogs which particles size was 300- to 1300- fold bigger were used. It was established that metalcontaining nanoparticles at intragastric and inhalation exposure had higher penetration power and low removal efficiency from the organism (14- to 39-fold lower); the profile of «critical» organs includes brain, liver, spleen, lungs; metal-containing NPs cause functional disorders in critical systems and target organs (in the form of disrupted balance in indicators of oxidative and antioxidant processes and neurotransmitters under effect of nano dispersed MnO), these disorders having dose-dependent character. A great degree of expressiveness of morphological changes in the blood circulatory system, macrophagal and lymphoid systems, and also the presence of changes in the tissue of liver, brain and heart not revealed under exposition to microdespersed analogs prove a big damaging ability of metal-containing nanoparticles and dependence of expressiveness degree of pathological process on the size of particles.
Toxicological monitoring of causes of acute poisonings of chemical etiology in the Russian Federation
Authors: Litvinovа O. S. , Kalinovskaya M. V.
Published: December 2019

The article presents evaluation results of data of toxicological monitoring conducted by the Federal Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor over the period of 2011-2015. In the Russian Federation during the analyzed period, 838,169 cases of acute poisonings of chemical etiology were registered, that is to say 111.5 to 120.8 cases per 100 thousand population, 17.2% of them were lethal. There is a trend of increase in acute poisonings of chemical etiology among adolescents. The main causes of acute chemical poisoning were alcoholcontaining products (32.1%).
MICROORGANISM PSEUDOMONAS AUREOFACIENS BKM-2391Д
Authors: Sheina N. I. , Skryabina J. G. , Myalina L. I. , Budanova E. V. , Sazonova L. P. , Kolesnikova V. V. , Chub G. G.
Published: December 2019

Strain Pseudomonas aureofaciens BKM-2391Д recovered from the soil arounel oat rhizosnhere is not a genetically modified strain. Based on investigations performed, the following hygiene norms are recommended for the strain Pseudomonas aureofaciens BKM-2391Д: MAC occupational air , Mark A on the level of 5х103 , hazard class 3 taking into account safety coefficient of 10 for occupational air; MAC atmospheric air, Mark A on the level of 5x102cells/ m3, Mark A, hazard class 3 taking into account safety coefficient of 100 for residential areas. These values of hygiene standards recommended for approval are in compliance with previously approved standards (MAC occupational air , 5000cells/ m3, MAC atmospheric air 500 cells/ m3 for various strains P.aureofaciens B-4117, P.fluorescens B-6844, P. fluorescens(denitrificans) B-99 and others.
PECULIARITIES OF METABOLITES TOXICOKINETICS OF G-TYPE ORGANOPHOSPHORUS NERVE AGENTS IN BIO FLUIDS OF RATS SUBECTED TO ANTIDOTE THERAPY
Authors: Koryagina N. L. , Savelieva E. I. , Prokofieva D. S. , Khlebnikova N. S. , Karakashev G. V. , Ukolova E. S. , Radilov A. S. , Goncharov N. V.
Published: December 2019

The effect of the Pelixim antidote on the possibility to detect markers of G type nerve agents sarin and soman was studies in bio probes obtained in an acute in vivo experiment after exposure of rats to organophosphorus nerve agents in doses of 0.5LD50. It was found out that the intake of equitoxic doses of soman and sarin leads to a decrease of acetylcholinesterase erythrocyte membrane (AChE) activity for up to 7 days after exposure. The effect of Pelixim on the recovery of erythrocyte AChE activity is mostly pronounced a day after sarin poisoning. The fluoride regeneration of nerve agents from blood plasma protein adducts was possible for up to 7 days after soman poisoning without antidotal therapy and for 3 days after with antidotal therapy; in case of sarin intoxication, fluoride regeneration was possible for 3 days regardless of the use of antidotal therapy . The antidote strongly affected the excretion of hydrolytic metabolite of sarin О-isopropyl methylphosphonic acid (IMPA) and had no effect on the excretion of hydrolytic metabolite of soman О-pinacolyl methylphosphonic acid (PMPA). A day after poisoning and Pelixim injection, IMPA was detected in urine at a level of 15.3 ng/ml, whereas its level in the urine samples of animals in the absence of antidotal therapy was 55.0 ng/ml; 3 days after poisoning, IMPA was detected at a level of 4.9 ng/ml exclusively in the urine of animals subjected to antidotal therapy. The urine levels of PMPA in animals subjected and not subjected to antidotal therapy were respectively 44 and 53 ng/ml a day after poisoning and 12 and 14 ng/ml respectively 3 days after poisoning. Thus, the antidote impact on the excretion profile of hydrolytic metabolites is more significant for sarin than that of soman.
CONCERNING COORDINATION BETWEEN THE GENERALLY ACCEPTED PRACTICE OF ASSESSING HEALTH RISKS DUE TO MULTI-METALLIC EXPOSURES AND THE THEORY OF COMBINED TOXICITY
Authors: Minigalieva I. A. , Katsnelson B. A. , Gurvich V. B. , Privalova L. I. , Panov V. G. , Varaksin A. N. , Sutunkova M. P.
Published: December 2019

Assessment of cumulative health risks associated with the widely observed combined effects of two or more metals and their compounds to the organism has the toxicology of mixtures as its scientific basis although there is no full match between such assessment and this basis though some of the contradictions between them are of a fundamental nature. This state of things may be explained not only by simplifications characteristic of the generally recognized methodology of risk assessment but also by extreme complexity of the theory of combined toxicity, the most essential issues of which are considered by authors on the basis of literary and, mostly, their own previously published data.
Some aspects of metal oxide nanoparticles toxicity assessment on cell cultures as exemplified by NiO and Mn3O4
Authors: Minigalieva I. А. , Bushueva T. V. , Panov V. G. , Varaksin A. N. , Shur V. Ya. , Shishkina E. V. , Gurviсh V. B. , Katsnelson B. A.
Published: December 2019

Comparative and combined damaging actions of NiO and Mn3O4 anoparticles were estimated on cultures of different established human cell lines. It was found out that the addition of the fetal bovine serum (FBS) to the culture media ,used in the investigation, renders NiO-NPs and, to even a greater extent, Mn3O4-NPs exponentially soluble while without FBS their dissolution was extremely low. Along with it, sedimentation of those MeO-NPs caused by their aggregation noticeably slowed down in the presence of the same FBS. The dependence of cell damage on the MeO-NPs concentration was found out, at a higher cytotoxicity of Mn3O4-NP as compared to NiO-NP. Thus, comparative assessment of NPs non-specific toxicity previously obtained in animal experiments was reproduced in the «in vitro» tests. However, with respect to manganese-specific brain damage «in vivo» discovered previously in sub-chronic intoxication with the same MeO-NPs, the present «in vitro» experiment on neurons only showed a certain enhancing effect of Mn3O4-NP on the action of NiO-NP, but the role of NiO-NP in the combination prevailed.
INFLUENCE OF CHRONIC INTOXICATION WITH THE COPPER-ZINK PYRITE ORE ON INDICATORS OF THE BLOOD SYSTEM AND CONTENT OF HEAVY METALS IN IT SHOWN IN THE EXPERIMENT
Authors: Saptarova L. M. , Knyazeva O. A. , Galimov Sh. N. , Kogina E. N. , Gazdalieva L. M.
Published: December 2019

The aim of the work is to assess the degree of influence of chronic intoxication with copper-zinc pyrite ore on the basis of changes in the leukocytogram and cellular composition of the rat blood. On the model of experimental intoxication of outbred white rats it was shown that a chronic excessive intake of heavy metals into the body from copper-zinc pyrite ore for 3 months leads to an increased level of cadmium, copper, iron and decreased content of zinc, cobalt in blood, lowers the level of hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes, lymphocytes, membrane resistance of blood erythrocytes, changes the leukocyte formula.
EPEGENTIC TOXICOLOGY: PERSPECTIVES OF THE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Sofronov G. A. , Patkin E. L.
Published: December 2019

One of the complex problems of modern experimental toxicology remains the molecular mechanism of formation of human health disorders separated at different time periods from acute or chronic exposure to toxic environmental pollutants (ecotoxicants). Identifying and understanding what epigenetic changes are induced by the environment, and how they can lead to unfavorable outcome, are vital for protecting public health. Therefore, we consider it important a modern understanding of epigenetic mechanisms involved in the life cycle of mammals and assess available data on the environmentally caused epigenetic toxicity and, accordingly fledging epigenenomic (epigenetic) regulatory toxicology.
DIAGNOSIS OF POISONING OF BEES WITH LEAD AND CADMIUM
Authors: Eskov E. K. , Eskova M. D. , Rozhenkov A. S.
Published: December 2019

Changes in the histogram of the midgut in bees exposed to lead and cadmium salts polluting their carbohydrate feed was studied. Normally , the mitgut is composed of the mucosa and muscular membranes separated with a thin layer of the basal membrane. The muscular membrane that forms the outer wall is a layer of cross-striated muscle symplasis intersecting in mutually perpendicular directions. On the mucous side, the muscular layer is delimited by a basal membrane and its outer side freely connects with internal environments of the abdominal region. Specific signs of lead poisoning manifest in the development of total and sub-total coagulative necrosis of the midgut mucous membrane. Its lesion in poisoning with cadmium is characterized by dystrophy expressed in cytoplasmic micro vesiculation which is followed by desquamation of the mucous membrane and destruction of glandular crypts.
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF MULTI-TARGETED KINASE INHIBITORS IN PROGRESSIVE, RADIOIODINE-REFRACTORY DIFFERENTIATED THYROID CANCERS: A META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Tunio Mutahir A , AlAsiri Mushabbab , Bayoumi Yasser
Published: December 2019

Purpose: A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of oral multitargeted kinase inhibitors (MTKIs) in radioactive-iodine refractory locally advanced, recurrent/metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) on disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates. Materials and Methods: The PubMed/MEDLINE, CANCERLIT, EMBASE, Cochrane Library database and other search engines were searched to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing MTKIs with placebo in locally advanced, recurrent/metastatic DTC. Pooled data were expressed as odds ratio (OR), with 95% con dence intervals (CIs, Mantel–Haenszel xed-effect model). Results: Three RCTs with a total patient population of 954 patients were identi ed. The use of MTKIs was associated with improved PFS (OR: 0.262, 95% CI: 0.19–0.35; heterogeneity (I2) = 22.4%; P < 0.0001), improved DCR (complete and partial responses + stable disease, P < 0.0001) and improved OS 0.66, 95% CI: 0.46–0.96 (I2 = 43%, P = 0.034). Lenvatinib (compliance = 87%) was associated with more grade ≥3 hypertension. However, its other adverse effects were much lower than sorafenib (compliance = 56%) and vandetanib. Conclusion: In radioactive iodine-refractory recurrent, metastatic DTC patients, lenvatinib and sorafenib were associated with improved PFS, DRC and OS rates, while the compliance was better with lenvatinib. Key words: Meta-analysis, multitargeted kinase inhibitors, progressive differentiated thyroid cancer, radioactive iodine- refractory
PRIMARY BILATERAL BREAST LYMPHOMA: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND REPORT OF FOUR CASES FROM A SINGLE CENTRE
Authors: Bano Razia , Khan Amina Iqbal , Shahraf Amna , Abid Mahwish
Published: December 2019

Primary breast lymphoma is a rare entity and carries poor prognosis, bilateral breast lymphoma is even rarer and carries worst prognosis. Bilateral breast lymphoma is a rare disease and lacks treatment. Out of the 2766 cases of non- Hodgkin’s lymphoma registered at our institute from 1994 to 2013, 31 cases of breast lymphoma were found, of which four cases had bilateral involvement. In this review, we describe clinical presentation, histopathological subtypes, treatment administered and outcome of those four cases retrospectively. All patients were female with a median age of 31 years (range 24–64 years). Three patients were diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma detected in one patient. Chemotherapy remained the main treatment modality and surgery (excision biopsy) was reserved for diagnostic purpose only, none of the patients received radiation therapy. Key words: Breast lymphoma, histopathological subtypes, palliation
PENILE CANCER AND OUR EXPERIENCE AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Shah M Fahd , Nasir Irfan Ul Islam , Pirzada Muhammad Taqi , Anwer Abdul Wahid , Ahmed Irfan , Mir Khurram
Published: December 2019

Purpose: Penile cancer is a rare malignancy which accounts for <1% of adult male cancers. Phimosis, poor hygiene, smoking and human papillomavirus infection (type 16 and 18) are major risk factors for penile cancer. This analysis is to know the mode of presentation and treatment outcome of penile cancer in our setting.Materials and Methods: We reviewed case notes of all patients who had histologically proven penile cancer from January 2005 to December 2014. Patient’s demographics, predisposing factors, symptoms, type of tumour, treatment and its outcome were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social sciences 19.Results: A total number of 19 patients who had histologically proven penile cancer were included in the study. Circumcision was done in 16 (84.2%), while 3 (15.8%) were uncircumcised. Most of the patients presented with a lesion 16 (84.2%) and the rest 3 (15.8%) with pain. Patients having delayed presentation by 1 year were 15 (78.9%), 3 (15.8%) after 2 years and one patient (5.3%) after 5 years. Partial and total penectomy were performed in 4 (40%) patients each while wide local excision in 2 (20%) of the patients (n = 10). 4 (30.7%) patients had complication of treatment. The overall 5-year survival was 69.2%.Conclusion: Penile cancer is an aggressive malignancy with generally poor outcome. There is a need of awareness amongst the masses of this cancer to detect the disease at an early stage. There is further need for specialised oncological centre to improve survival rates and outcome.Key words: Circumcision, penectomy, penile cancer, phimosis
PAEDIATRIC RETINOBLASTOMA PRESENTATION IN A REGIONAL CANCER CENTRE IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Khan Saadiya J , Inayat Naila
Published: December 2019

Purpose: Retinoblastoma (RB) is a common paediatric intraocular tumour. In the developed world, RB accounts for <5% of all paediatric cancers. In the developing world, RB may comprise about 10–15% of all diagnosed paediatriccancers according to hospital-based retrospective study in India.Methods: Medical records for all diagnoses of RB at our regional cancer centre were retrospectively reviewed from January 2005 to September 2015 after IRB approval.Results: A total of 258 (100%) patient charts were reviewed. More male n = 163 (63.2%) patients were seen than females n = 95 (36.8%). Most patients were diagnosed before the age of 5 years. Positive family history was seenin 20 (7.8%) patients. The total number of bilateral disease was seen in 75 (29.1%) patients and 183 (70.9%) had unilateral diagnoses. Median age at presentation was 24 months for bilateral and 36 months for unilateral disease.Conclusions: The median age at presentation shows a significant delay in the establishment of diagnosis for both unilateral and bilateral RB. Compared to western data, there were a higher number of male patients seen. Financialconstraints, access to primary health care, lack of trained personnel and cultural practices are likely factors, leading to delayed presentation and advanced disease state.Key words: Retinoblastoma, ocular tumours, leukocoria
INHERITED GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TO BREAST CANCER IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Muhammad Noor , Nawaz Ramsha , Khan Faiz Ali , Naeemi Humaira , Rashid Muhammad Usman
Published: December 2019

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease. Several genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors are involved in the aetiology of this disease. Genetic risk factors include alterations (mutations) in genes conferring risks to develop breast cancer. Depending on the associated lifetime risks of this malignancy, these genes are categorised into high-, moderate- and low-risk genes. Women carrying mutations in these genes are at an increased risk to develop breast cancer, ovarian cancer and several other malignancies. Breast carcinoma is the most reported malignancy in Pakistani females. Pakistan is a developing country with most of its population living in rural areas; hence, optimal healthcare facilities are inadequate for the early diagnosis and prevention of this disease. Hence, identification of individuals carrying mutations is clinically relevant as different strategies are available for the early detection, risk reduction and better management of this malignancy. This review summarises the findings of the major studies conducted in Pakistan to investigate the contribution of breast cancer predisposing genes. Furthermore, implications of the current studies and future research potentials are discussed.Key words: Breast cancer gene 1/2, breast cancer, checkpoint kinase 2, genetic susceptibility, Pakistan, RAD51C, tumour Protein p53, Vitamin D receptor
PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY IN A KNOWN THYMOMA PATIENT
Authors: Iqbal Amun , Naveed Muhammad A
Published: December 2019

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PERSISTENT LEFT SUPERIOR VENA CAVA: A DECEPTIVE ANOMALY
Authors: Aleem Javaria , Ahmad Waqas
Published: December 2019

Persistent left superior vena cava (SVC) is a rare but vital congenital anomaly of the thoracic venous system. It is the persistence of vessel that normally regresses during early foetal life. It has utmost importance in intervention radiology, cardiothoracic procedures and insertion of the central venous line as well as in trauma. The vessel can drain into the right atrium through the coronary sinus, directly into left atrium or through pulmonary veins. It is usually detected during routine investigations and requires surgical treatment. In our case, SVC persists on both right and left sides with enlarged coronary sinus incidentally detected during follow-up for breast cancer.Key words: Persistent left superior vena cava, superior vena cava, vascular variant
CANE FARMERS COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIP PATTERN WITH PT. PG. GORONTALO
Authors: Jusuf Anas , Halid Amir , Arham Muhammad Amir
Published: December 2019

The study aims to (1) describe the perception of sugarcane farmers in the district was on a partnership with PT PG Gorontalo farmers. (2) describe the factors that influence the success of the partnership program sugarcane farmers in the district was by PT PG Gorontalo. (3) analyze the contribution of sugarcane farmer partnership with PT PG Gorontalo to the income of farmers in the district was. This research is quantitative. Sources of data in this study are primary data from questionnaires to farmers. Data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis, regression and simple regression. These results indicate that (1) The partnership pattern obtained and applied to partnerships sugar cane farmers in the district was by PT PG. Tolangohula namely Gorontalo Province Operational Cooperation patterns Agribusiness (KOA). Farmer partnerships to provide benefits to growers of sugar cane but still less than optimal on the issue of determining the selling price of sugarcane is not appropriate and farmers' rights and obligations of the partner company of farmers not fulfilled in accordance with the terms and agreements. (2) The results of multiple regression analysis about factors that affect the success of the partnership of farmers found that internal factors, external factors, the characteristics of partnership, participation of farmers and supporting components of the partnership jointly significant effect on the success of the partnership program sugarcane growers of the people in the district was the value of the determinant of 63.30%, while it partially only variable that does not pick internal factors have a significant effect. (3) Partnerships sugar cane farmers in the district was by PT PG Gorontalo positive and significant impact on people's income taboo Sugarcane farmers in the district was the positive benefit contribution rate of 0.268 or by 26.8%. This shows that the partnership is very beneficial for farmers' incomes but its implementation still need to be addressed in order to provide a greater contribution to the income of farmers folk taboo.
ANALISIS DAYA SAING IKAN TUNA DI PROVINSI GORONTALO
Authors: Gobel Muhammad Rizq , Baruwadi Mahludin , Rauf Asda
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) mengetahui kecendrungan produksi dan perdagangan ikan tuna, 2) menganalisis daya saing ikan tuna, dan 3) membuat strategi pengembangan daya saing ikan tuna. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode dengan survei primer dan sekunder. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Metode kuantitatif menggunakan analisis  RCA dan untuk kualitatif menggunakan analisis tren dan analisis SWOT. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah 1) perkembangan produksi ikan tuna mengalami fluktuasi, dimana produksi ikan tuna tidak stabil dan selalu berbeda angka produksi tiap tahunnya. 2) Daya saing ikan tuna Provinsi Gorontalo memiliki keunggulan karena hasil perhitungan RCA mendapatkan lebih dari 1, artinya bahwa ikan tuna Provinsi Gorontalo memiliki daya saing yang tinggi di pasar nasional. 3) Analisis SWOT berada di kuadran 1 yaitu strategi agresif. Strategi yang situasinya mendukung secara agresif dan sangat baik karena adanya kekuatan yang dimanfaatkan untuk meraih peluang yang menguntungkan.
Temporal context affects the perceived time of visual events
Authors: Jovanovic Ljubica , Mamassian Pascal
Published: December 2019

We investigated whether the moment at which an event is perceived depends on its temporal context. Participants learned a mapping between time and space by watching the hand of a clock rotating a full revolution in a fixed duration. Then the hand was removed, and a target disc was flashed within a fixed-interval duration. Participants were to indicate where the hand would have been at the time of the target. In three separate experiments, we estimated the disruption from a distractor disc that was presented before or after the target disc, with a variable time between them. The target was either revealed at the end of the trial or cued beforehand, and in the latter case, was cued by either color or temporal order. We found an attraction to the presentation time of the distractor when both events were attended equally (target revealed at the end). When the target was cued beforehand, the reported time was under- or overestimated, depending on whether the nature of distractor had to be decoded (precued by color) or not (precued by order). In summary, the perceived time of an event is always affected by other events in temporal proximity, but the nature of this effect depends on how each event is attended.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone as additive for perovskite solar cells with water and isopropanol as solvents
Authors: Du Chen , Wang Shuo , Miao Xu , Sun Wenhai , Zhu Yu , Wang Chengyan , Ma Ruixin
Published: December 2019

The recent years have witnessed a fast-paced development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Unfortunately, the vast majority of PSCs relies on the use of highly polar aprotic solvents during the preparation process, such as dimethylformamide (DMF), which is toxic and detrimental to both humans and the environment. Here, we describe the preparation of PSCs under ambient conditions from an aqueous solution of lead nitrate, to which polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was added in order to enhance the photoelectric performance of the PSCs. By a combination of SEM, EIS, PL and UV spectroscopy and other characterization approaches, we show that the PVP additive is effective in inhibiting carrier recombination, enhancing composite resistance and reducing film defects. Ultimately, we achieved an outstanding photoelectric performance of the PVP-doped PSCs shown by a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.19% and an average steady-state PCE of 14.55% under AM 1.5G simulated solar irradiation with a shadow mask of 0.1 cm2. The PCE continued to be over 80% of the initial PCE after 60 days of storage. FInally, the introduced PVP-doped PSCs present a low-cost and low-toxicity way to commercialize perovskite solar cells.
Straightforward convergent access to 2-arylated polysubstituted benzothiazoles
Authors: Sadek Omar , Perrin David M , Gras Emmanuel
Published: December 2019

A modular access to 2,4 disubstituted benzothiazoles has been achieved though the intermediacy of 4-bromo-2-iodobenzothiazole. The difference in reactivity of both halogens was advantageously exploited to achieve sequential Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling giving access to a range of polyaromatic derivatives featuring a central benzothiazole core.
Lorentz Factors of Compact Jets in Black Hole X-Ray Binaries
Authors: Saikia Payaswini , Russell David M. , Bramich D. M. , Miller-Jones James C. A. , Baglio Maria Cristina , Degenaar Nathalie
Published: December 2019

Compact, continuously launched jets in black hole X-ray binaries (BHXBs) produce radio to optical/IR synchrotron emission. In most BHXBs, an IR excess (above the disk component) is observed when the jet is present in the hard spectral state. We investigate why some BHXBs have prominent IR excesses and some do not, quantified by the amplitude of the IR quenching or recovery over the transition from/to the hard state. We find that the amplitude of the IR excess can be explained by inclination-dependent beaming of the jet synchrotron emission and the projected area of the accretion disk. Furthermore, we see no correlation between the expected and the observed IR excess for Lorentz factor 1, which is strongly supportive of relativistic beaming of the IR emission, confirming that the IR excess is produced by synchrotron emission in a relativistic outflow. Using the amplitude of the jet fade and recovery over state transitions and the known orbital parameters, we constrain for the first time the bulk Lorentz factor range of compact jets in several BHXBs (with all the well-constrained Lorentz factors lying in the range of Γ = 1.3–3.5). Under the assumption that the Lorentz factor distribution of BHXB jets is a power law, we find that

. We also find that the very high amplitude IR fade/recovery seen repeatedly in the BHXB GX 339–4 favors a low inclination angle (

) of the jet.
Deep Chandra Survey of the Small Magellanic Cloud. III. Formation Efficiency of High-mass X-Ray Binaries
Authors: Antoniou Vallia , Zezas Andreas , Drake Jeremy J. , Badenes Carles , Haberl Frank , Wright Nicholas J. , Hong Jaesub , Di Stefano Rosanne , Gaetz Terrance J. , Long Knox S. , Plucinsky Paul P. , Sasaki Manami , Williams Benjamin F. , Winkler P. Frank ,   SMC XVP collaboration
Published: December 2019

We have compiled the most complete census of high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) in the Small Magellanic Cloud with the aim to investigate the formation efficiency of young accreting binaries in its low-metallicity environment. In total, we use 123 X-ray sources with detections in our Chandra X-ray Visionary Program (XVP), supplemented by 14 additional (likely and confirmed) HMXBs identified by Haberl & Sturm that fall within the XVP area, but are neither detected in our survey (nine sources) nor matched with any of the 127 sources identified in the XVP data (five sources). Specifically, we examine the number ratio of the HMXBs [N(HMXBs)] to (a) the number of OB stars, (b) the local star formation rate (SFR), and (c) the stellar mass produced during the specific star formation burst, all as a function of the age of their parent stellar populations. Each of these indicators serves a different role, but in all cases we find that the HMXB formation efficiency increases as a function of time (following a burst of star formation) up to ∼40–60 Myr, and then gradually decreases. The formation efficiency peaks at ∼30–40 Myr with average rates of

, and N(HMXB)/M

, in good agreement with previous estimates of the average formation efficiency in the broad ∼20–60 Myr age range.
Classification of New X-Ray Counterparts for Fermi Unassociated Gamma-Ray Sources Using the Swift X-Ray Telescope
Authors: Kaur Amanpreet , Falcone Abraham D. , Stroh Michael D. , Kennea Jamie A. , Ferrara Elizabeth C.
Published: December 2019

Approximately one-third of the gamma-ray sources in the third Fermi-LAT catalog are unidentified or unassociated with objects at other wavelengths. Observations with the X-Ray Telescope on the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory (Swift-XRT) have yielded possible counterparts in ∼30% of these source regions. The objective of this work is to identify the nature of these possible counterparts, utilizing their gamma-ray properties coupled with the Swift derived X-ray properties. The majority of the known sources in the Fermi catalogs are blazars, which constitute the bulk of the extragalactic gamma-ray source population. The galactic population on the other hand is dominated by pulsars. Overall, these two categories constitute the majority of all gamma-ray objects. Blazars and pulsars occupy different parameter space when X-ray fluxes are compared with various gamma-ray properties. In this work, we utilize the X-ray observations performed with the Swift-XRT for the unknown Fermi sources and compare their X-ray and gamma-ray properties to differentiate between the two source classes. We employ two machine-learning algorithms, decision tree and random forest (RF) classifier, to our high signal-to-noise ratio sample of 217 sources, each of which corresponds to Fermi unassociated regions. The accuracy scores for both methods were found to be 97% and 99%, respectively. The RF classifier, which is based on the application of a multitude of decision trees, associated a probability value (P
bzr) for each source to be a blazar. This yielded 173 blazar candidates from this source sample, with P
bzr ≥ 90% for each of these sources, and 134 of these possible blazar source associations had P
bzr ≥ 99%. The results yielded 13 sources with P
bzr ≤ 10%, which we deemed as reasonable candidates for pulsars, seven of which result with P
bzr ≤ 1%. There were 31 sources that exhibited intermediate probabilities and were termed ambiguous due to their unclear characterization as a pulsar or a blazar.
Spectral Analysis of Fermi-LAT Gamma-Ray Bursts with Known Redshift and their Potential Use as Cosmological Standard Candles
Authors: Dirirsa F. Fana , Razzaque S. , Piron F. , Arimoto M. , Axelsson M. , Kocevski D. , Longo F. , Ohno M. , Zhu S.
Published: December 2019

Long duration gamma-ray bursts may serve as standard candles to constrain cosmological parameters by probing the Hubble diagram well beyond the range of redshift currently accessible using SNe Ia. The standardization of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is based on phenomenological relations between two or more parameters found from spectral modeling, one of which is strongly dependent on the cosmological model. The Amati relation links the source-frame energy

at which the prompt gamma-ray spectral energy distribution νF

ν
peaks, and the isotropic-equivalent bolometric energy

emitted during the prompt phase. We performed spectral analysis of 26 GRBs with known redshift that have been detected by the Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) during its nine years of operations from 2008 July to 2017 September, thus extending the computation of E
iso to the 100 MeV range. Multiple components are required to fit the spectra of a number of GRBs. We found that the Amati relation is satisfied by the 25 LGRBs, with best-fit parameters similar to previous studies that used data from different satellite experiments, while the only short GRB with known redshift is an outlier. Using the Amati relation, we extend the Hubble diagram to redshift 4.35 and constrain the Hubble constant and dark-energy density in the ΛCDM model, with Fermi-LAT GRBs alone and together with another sample of 94 GRBs and with the latest Supernovae type-Ia data. Our results are consistent with the currently acceptable ranges of those cosmological parameters within errors.
Carbon-deficient Red Giants
Authors: Bond Howard E.
Published: December 2019

Carbon-deficient red giants (CDRGs) are a rare class of peculiar red giants, also called “weak G-band” or “weak CH” stars. Their atmospheric compositions show depleted carbon, a low

isotopic ratio, and an overabundance of nitrogen, indicating that the material at the surface has undergone CN-cycle hydrogen burning. I present Strömgren uvby photometry of nearly all known CDRGs. Barium stars, having an enhanced carbon abundance, exhibit the “Bond–Neff effect”—a broad depression in their energy distributions at ∼4000 Å, recently confirmed to be due to the CH molecule. This gives Ba ii stars unusually low Strömgren c
1 photometric indices. I show that CDRGs, lacking CH absorption, exhibit an “anti-Bond–Neff effect”—higher c
1 indices than normal red giants. Using precise parallaxes from Gaia DR2, I plot CDRGs in the color–magnitude diagram (CMD) and compare them with theoretical evolution tracks. Most CDRGs lie in a fairly tight clump in the CMD, indicating initial masses in the range ∼2–

, if they have evolved as single stars. It is unclear whether they are stars that have just reached the base of the red-giant branch and the first dredge-up of CN-processed material, or are more highly evolved helium-burning stars in the red-giant clump. About 10% of CDRGs have higher masses of ∼4–

, and exhibit unusually high rotational velocities. I show that CDRGs lie at systematically larger distances from the Galactic plane than normal giants, possibly indicating a role of binary mass transfer and mergers. CDRGs continue to present a major puzzle for our understanding of stellar evolution.
Isotopic Signatures of Supernova Nucleosynthesis in Presolar Silicon Carbide Grains of Type AB with Supersolar 14N/15N Ratios
Authors: Hoppe Peter , Stancliffe Richard J. , Pignatari Marco , Amari Sachiko
Published: December 2019

We report high-resolution C, N, Al, Si, and S isotope data of 38 presolar SiC grains of type AB. Seventeen of these grains are of subtype AB1 (14N/15N < 440 = solar) and 20 of subtype AB2 (14N/15N ≥ 440), previously proposed to be mainly from supernovae (AB1) and J-type carbon stars (AB2), respectively. Our data are compatible with previously obtained isotope data of AB grains, except that 26Al/27Al ratios of AB1 grains span a narrower range. The data are compared with predictions from supernova models that consider H ingestion into the He shell during the pre-supernova phase. In these models a mixture of explosive H and He burning occurs at the bottom of the He shell during passage of the supernova shock, forming the so-called O/nova zone. Mixing matter from the O/nova zone with matter from the overlying He/C zone and the stellar envelope shows that the isotopic compositions and trends of both AB1 and AB2 grains can be matched within the model uncertainties. This demonstrates that supernovae should be considered as potential sources of AB2 grains, in addition to J-type carbon stars and born-again asymptotic giant branch stars, as previously proposed.
First Evidence of Enhanced Recombination in Astrophysical Environments and the Implications for Plasma Diagnostics
Authors: Nemer A. , Sterling N. C. , Raymond J. , Dupree A. K. , García-Rojas J. , Wang Qianxia , Pindzola M. S. , Ballance C. P. , Loch S. D.
Published: December 2019

We report the first unambiguous observational evidence of Rydberg Enhanced Recombination (RER), a potentially important recombination mechanism that has hitherto been unexplored in low-temperature photoionized plasmas. RER shares similarities with dielectronic recombination, with the difference that the electron is captured into a highly excited state below the ionization threshold—rather than above the threshold—of the recombining ion. We predict transitions of carbon and oxygen ions that are formed via the RER process, and their relative strengths with collisional-radiative spectral models. Optical C ii RER features are detected in published high-resolution spectra of eight planetary nebulae, and a C iii transition has been found in the ultraviolet spectrum in a symbiotic star system. The relative intensities of these lines are consistent with their production by this recombination mechanism. Because RER has not previously been accounted for in photoionized plasmas, its inclusion in models can significantly impact the predicted ionization balance and hence abundance calculations of important astrophysical species. Calculations for

C

+

suggest that the enhancement in the total recombination rate can amount to a factor of 2.2 at 8100 K, increasing to 7.5 at T = 3500 K. These results demonstrate the importance of including RER in models of photoionized astrophysical plasmas and in elemental abundance determinations.
Feature Matching Conditional GAN for Fast Radio Burst Localization with Cluster-fed Telescope
Authors: Wu Decheng , Cao Hailin , Lv Nanjie , Fan Jin , Tan Xiaoheng , Yang Shizhong
Published: December 2019

For the real-time transient localization, there are large uncertainties of the fast radio burst (FRB) positions due to the undersampled focal plane in cluster-fed telescopes. A novel focal-field feature matching algorithm based on a conditional generative adversarial network, F3M-cGAN, is proposed for FRB localization. By exploiting the multiple frequency characteristics of FRBs, an improved three-dimensional convolution autoencoder is developed to jointly synthesize focal–field distribution (FFD) features. Meanwhile, the received signals are input as a condition to the discriminator to strengthen the mapping relation. Moreover, an estimator based on a deep neural network is introduced to estimate the position of the FRBs, and a position encoder is designed to enhance the position precision according to the energy distribution. For pattern reconstruction, texture loss is used as feedback for the generator. Based on the alternate training process of the F3M-cGAN framework, effective reconstruction and position estimation could be achieved. A scale model of the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The simulation results demonstrate that this approach can accurately reconstruct FFD features with limited feeds, and realize a higher real-time localizing precision than the angular resolution of a radio telescope. Furthermore, the proposed method can increase the search area for transients.
Taxonomic studies on the Chara section Hartmania in Poland based on morphological and molecular data
Authors: Urbaniak Jacek , Kwiatkowski Paweł
Published: December 2019

Charophytes are aquatic green macroalgae, which inhabit fresh and brackish water ecosystems. In this study, four species belonging to the genus Chara were examined to determine their taxonomic status. Morphological characteristics of the plant bodies as well as plastid psaB barcoding genes were applied to test the relations among Chara species. Plants were initially classified using morphological features into four species: C. baltica, C. hispida, C. polyacantha and C. rudis, and twelve quantitative characters were used in a principal component analysis and discriminant analysis to determine groupings among the species and to determine the morphological features that best separated the groups. In the component analysis and discriminant analysis, results showed that only C. polyacantha and partly C. baltica formed separate groups. The other species C. hispida and C. rudis were only partially distinguishable. All species from one molecular group, and no differentiation in the psaB variability between them has been found.
Zahora, a new monotypic genus from tribe Brassiceae (Brassicaceae) endemic to the Moroccan Sahara
Authors: Koch Marcus A. , Lemmel Claude
Published: December 2019

Zahora ait-atta Lemmel & M.Koch, a new species from the Moroccan Sahara, is described and documented here and constitutes a monotypic new genus. The new taxon belongs to the tribe Brassiceae (Brassicaceae), and cytogenetic and phylogenetic analyses reveal that this diploid species has a remote status of Miocene origin in the northwestern Sahara Desert. We examined the morphological differences between morphologically related genera and provide photographs of the new species. The new genus may play a key role in future Brassica-Raphanus crop research since it is placed phylogenetically at the base of a generically highly diverse clade including Raphanus sativus, and it shows affinities to various Brassica species.
Dans ou hors du sport international ? Les dirigeants chinois dans les années 1950 et 1960
Authors: Shuman Amanda
Published: December 2019

Cet article souhaite analyser le rôle des dirigeants sportifs de la République populaire de Chine dans la création et la direction de nouveaux réseaux transnationaux entre la création de la RPC en 1949 et le début de la Révolution culturelle en 1966 - alors même que les transformations des courants politiques, tant nationaux qu’internationaux, ont affecté leur capacité à le faire. L’article démarre par une brève analyse du nouveau leadership sportif au début des années 1950 avant de retracer l’implication de la Chine dans les réseaux et les compétitions sportives du bloc socialiste ainsi que ses tentatives d’adhésion et de participation aux Jeux olympiques. Le chapitre examine ensuite comment les dirigeants sportifs chinois des années 1960, en particulier Rong Gaotang et Huang Zhong, ont aidé à orchestrer les GANEFO - un mouvement politico-sportif né au lendemain de la scission sino-soviétique, dont l’ambition était notamment d’affirmer le socialisme chinois dans le monde, mais aussi de remettre en question la domination du Comité Internationale Olympique (CIO) sur le sport international. L’article se penche ensuite sur la tournure des événements à la fin de l’année 1966, au début de la Révolution culturelle, lorsque Rong Gaotang, dirigeant de la Commission nationale des sports - impliqué dans la plupart des activités diplomatiques et politiques de haut niveau - fut dénoncé et critiqué pour ses activités passées. Juste avant la tenue du premier (et dernier) GANEFO asiatique en décembre 1966, les dirigeants chinois ont soudainement remplacé Rong à la tête de la délégation chinoise et la Chine s’est rapidement retirée du monde du sport international pendant plusieurs années. Un épilogue note que la réhabilitation de Rong au début de 1979, après la mort de Mao, la fin de la révolution culturelle et la montée de Deng Xiaoping, n’était pas une coïncidence : elle survient au moment où les nouveaux dirigeants chinois décident de revenir au CIO dans le cadre du plan visant à positionner la Chine sur la scène mondiale comme « ouverte », « réformée » et « modernisée ».
Le ski... un sport « alpin » et dirigé par des Suisses ?
Authors: Cala Sébastien , Quin Grégory
Published: December 2019

La figure de Marc Hodler plane sur la Fédération Internationale de Ski et sur le ski international. Par son mandat de 47 ans à la tête de l’institution (1951-1998), le dirigeant bernois est incontestablement le dirigeant sportif resté le plus longtemps dans une position majeure au sein du sport international, mais loin d’être celle un homme isolé, cette trajectoire incarne la densité des réseaux du ski suisse, rassemblant des acteurs du tourisme sportif, des figures de championnes et de champions, des organisateurs de compétitions et des politiques actifs aux différents niveaux du système helvétique. Dans le cadre de cette contribution, notre ambition est double, à la fois de comprendre les logiques suisses et internationales de la construction d’une gouvernance du ski autour de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, mais aussi, de manière plus qualitative, de mesurer l’influence des dirigeants helvétiques sur les transformations des différentes modalités de ski (alpin, nordique) à cette même période. De ce fait, il s’agira pour nous de souligner les dynamiques croisées qu’il peut exister entre les deux principales régions clés du ski en Suisse (la Lutschine et les Grisons), mais aussi alors d’approfondir notre compréhension de l’organisation des réseaux helvétiques autour du ski international. Pour produire ces analyses, nous nous appuierons sur les archives institutionnelles de la FIS, mais aussi sur des documents consultés auprès de la Fédération Suisse de Ski, du Musée du sport suisse, de la commune de St. Moritz et du Comité International Olympique.