bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for recurrence in T1‐2N0 gastric cancer in the United States and China
Authors: Cao Liang , Selby Luke V. , Hu Xiang , Zhang Yi , Janjigian Yelena Y. , Tang Laura , Coit Daniel G. , Brennan Murray F. , Strong Vivian E.
Published: April 2016

Introduction

Recurrence patterns after curative intent gastrectomy for T1‐2N0 gastric adenocarcinoma are poorly defined. We sought to assess timing, patterns, and risk factors for recurrence in patients treated at two high‐volume gastric cancer centers in the United States and China.

Methods

Between 1995 and 2011, 1,058 patients underwent curative intent gastrectomy. Recurrences were classified as locoregional, distant, or peritoneal. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors for recurrence.

Results

Overall, 7% (76) of our 1,058 patients from the United States (n = 414) and China (n = 644) recurred. Liver (43%) was the most common site of recurrence in both countries (US: 24%, China: 52%), followed by peritoneum (16%), lymph nodes (10%), and anastomosis (8%). Median time to recurrence was 23 months (US: 30 months, China: 23 months), which decreased with increasing T‐stage (T1a: 27 months, T1b: 24 months, T2: 22 months). Tumor size (P = 0.001), depth of invasion (P = 0.010), histological type (P = 0.022) and lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.001) were independently associated with recurrence.

Conclusion

Patients infrequently recur following curative intent gastrectomy for T1‐2N0 gastric adenocarcinoma. Almost all recurrences occur between six months and 3 years post‐operatively, most frequently in distant anatomic locations; selective followup during this time period is recommended. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:745–749. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Addressing value in surgical oncology: Why and how
Authors: Abbott Daniel E.
Published: April 2016

Value, or outcome per cost, is increasingly emphasized in the current health care climate. With more sophisticated and expensive therapies available, treating a population with growing longevity, sustainability of current trends in health care spending is a significant challenge. And all too often, our devices and therapies are implemented without understanding the value that they offer; policy solutions for these issues are lagging. Certainly, cancer patients, in particular, are at the center of these value conundrums. A majority of patients with malignancy are elderly, with accumulated co‐morbidities, and are disproportionately costly. To address these contemporary issues, we must first identify opportunities to maximize value through improved outcomes and/or decreased costs. Doing so in the setting of evolving delivery and payment models will provide providers, health systems and insurers an opportunity to flourish with demonstration of high quality, low cost care. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:263–267. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Retrieving absorption coefficients of multiple phytoplankton pigments from hyperspectral remote sensing reflectance measured over cyanobacteria bloom waters
Authors: Wang Guoqing , Lee Zhongping , Mishra Deepak R. , Ma Ronghua
Published: April 2016

Light absorption by phytoplankton pigments plays an important role not only in photosynthesis but also in modulating the appearance of water color. Some pigments are markers of phytoplankton classes or species. To better characterize phytoplankton, an inversion model is developed to retrieve the absorption coefficients of multiple pigments from hyperspectral remote sensing reflectance. In the model, the Gaussian functions proposed by Hoepffner and Sathyendranath () were refined and implemented for the estimation of the absorption coefficients of multiple pigments. Application of the inversion model to remote sensing measurements made in cyanobacteria bloom waters resulted in the absorption coefficients of chlorophylls a, b, and c, carotenoid, phycoerythrin, and phycocyanin with the mean absolute relative error under 32% for wavelengths between 400 nm and 700 nm. The results indicate that it is feasible to retrieve the absorption coefficients of multiple pigments from hyperspectral remote sensing reflectance as long as the pigments make adequate contributions to the total absorption coefficient.
The evolution of manufacturing processes for micro‐featured epoxy resin mold
Authors: Kuo C. C. , Wang Y. J. , Liao H. Y. , Hsu H. J. , Chiang T. S.
Published: April 2016

Micro‐injection molding or micro‐hot embossing is a highly effective process for fabricating micro‐devices with microfeatures in polymer. Based on the strong demand on the precision components in the precision machinery industrial, two major concerns are the time and expense required for producing a precision mold for microfabrication. To enhance the competitiveness in the market of micorcomponents, this study presents six approaches for manufacturing precision epoxy resin molds with microfeatures. Evolutions manufacturing processes are described experimentally. Characteristics and applications of micro‐featured epoxy resin mold are introduced in detail.
Emotional manifestations of PD: Neurobiological basis
Authors: Castrioto Anna , Thobois Stéphane , Carnicella Sebastien , Maillet Audrey , Krack Paul
Published: April 2016

Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common and disabling in PD. Their neurobiological bases are complex, partly because of the disease itself and partly because of the dopaminergic treatment. The aim of this review is to focus on the emotional manifestations stemming from the neurodegenerative process itself. We focus on depression, anxiety, apathy, and fatigue, which can all be part of the clinical spectrum of premotor disease and may be improved or masked by medications targeting parkinsonian motor signs or psychiatric symptoms as the disease progresses. Findings from clinical, neuroimaging, and animal studies are reviewed, showing a major contribution of the dopaminergic system to the pathophysiology of these disabling symptoms. Degeneration of noradrenergic and serotonergic projection systems also has an impact on psychiatric symptoms of PD. The available literature is reviewed, but at present there is a lack of studies that would allow disentangling the separate contribution of each of the monoaminergic systems. The use of a pragmatic classification of all these symptoms under the umbrella of hypodopaminergic behavioral syndrome seems clinically useful, as it emphasizes the crucial, although not exclusive, nature of their dopaminergic neurobiological basis, which has important implications in the clinical management of PD. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A reinforcement of the sutured microvascular anastomosis with fibrin glue application: A retrospective comparative study with the standard conventional technique
Authors: Cho Alvaro Baik , Paulos Renata Gregorio , Bersani Gustavo , Iamaguchi Raquel Bernardelli , Torres Luciano Ruiz , Wei Teng Hsiang , De Resende Marcelo Rosa , Júnior Rames Mattar
Published: April 2016

Purpose

Although a reasonable number of studies report satisfactory results with fibrin glue application in microvascular anastomosis since 1977, its utilization in the clinical setting has being scant in the literature. The aim of this study was to report the cumulated experience with the fibrin glue in free flaps over a period of 10 years, comparing the survival rate with the standard sutured anastomosis.

Patients and methods

From August 2001 through November 2014, 83 consecutive free flaps were performed by a team of surgeons from two hospitals. About 56 flaps were performed in 56 patients using the fibrin glue augmented microvascular anastomosis and 27 flaps were performed in 27 patients using the conventional anastomosis technique. The decision on whether or not the fibrin glue should be used at the anastomoses was based on its availability and whose surgeon was performing the anastomoses. About approximately 60% of sutures stitches were used that would be used in a conventional anastomosis, when fibrin glue application was anticipated (ranging from 5 to 7 sutures in the arteries and 5 to 8 in the veins).

Results

The overall survival rate of the flaps performed with fibrin glue application was 92.85%. In one case, a revision of the venous anastomosis was required due to early flap congestion. Four cases (7.14%) had failure of the first free flap and two of them were submitted to another free flap without fibrin glue application. In the flaps performed with the conventional anastomosis technique the survival rate was 92.59%. This difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.97).

Conclusion

The application of fibrin glue in microvascular anastomoses did not increase the rate of flap loss and had a potential to reduce the number of sutures required to complete an anastomosis by its sealing effect. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 37:218–221, 2017.
Pain after breast surgery: Etiology, diagnosis, and definitive management
Authors: Broyles Justin M. , Tuffaha Sami H. , Williams Eric H. , Glickman Laurence , George Taylor A. , Lee Dellon A.
Published: April 2016

Background

Breast procedures are among the most common surgeries performed by Plastic Surgeons. The prevalence of persistent pain remains unknown. Our experience has been that persistent breast pain is often related to intercostal nerve trauma. The purpose of this article was to increase awareness of this problem while describing the diagnostic and management strategies for patients with post‐operative breast pain.

Methods

A retrospective review of 10 patients with breast pain was stratified according to the index surgical procedures: implant‐based reconstruction (7), breast reduction (1), breast augmentation (1), and mastopexy (1). Outcomes were assessed with a numerical analog score. Physical examination demonstrated painful trigger points along the pathway of one or more intercostal nerves. Prior to surgery, each patient improved ≥5 points after a diagnostic Xylocaine/Marcaine local anesthesia block of the suspected intercostal nerves. At surgery, one or more intercostal nerves were resected and implanted into adjacent muscles.

Results

At a mean of 16.5 months, there were six excellent, one good, and three poor self‐reported results. Intercostal nerves resected included the intercostal‐brachial (5 patients), 3rd (7 patients), 4th (8 patients), 5th (9 patients), 6th (7 patients), and 7th (1 patient). Multiple intercostal nerves were resected as follows: 3 nerves (4 patients), 4 nerves (1 patient), 5 nerves (3 patients), 6 nerves (1 patient), and 8 nerves (1 patient).

Conclusions

Intercostal neuromas can be the source of breast pain following breast surgery. The same clinical and diagnostic approach used for upper and lower extremity neuroma pain can be used in patients with breast pain. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:535–538, 2016.
Me, Myself, and Mobility: The Relevance of Region for Young Adults‘ Identity Development
Authors: Schubach Elisabeth , Zimmermann Julia , Noack Peter , Neyer Franz J.
Published: April 2016

As residential mobility is a common life event that particularly affects young adults, regional identity may be relevant for young adults. We therefore extended the three–dimensional identity model to the regional domain. The development of regional identity was studied using a prospective design over six months with a sample of 1,795 post–secondary graduates (71% female, mean age of 24.54 years), containing both movers and non–movers. Latent profile analyses and latent profile transition analyses revealed three main findings: First, solutions with four regional identity statuses—moratorium, searching moratorium, closure, and achievement—were found to be most interpretable. Second, the emergent statuses differed substantially in terms of Big Five personality traits and life satisfaction, as well as with moving experience. Third, the stability of identity status membership across a period of six months was highest for the non–movers group. Comparatively less stability across time was found for the movers, underscoring the relevance of transitions for identity development. Taken together, these findings show that even in a mobile world, region matters in identity development. Copyright © 2016 European Association of Personality Psychology
Influence of cryogenic temperatures on electrical properties of structures patterned by a laser in ITO/Ag/ITO layers
Authors: Lebioda Marcin , Pawlak Ryszard
Published: April 2016

The electrical properties of highly conductive ITO/Ag/ITO multilayer film at cryogenic temperatures have been presented in the paper for the first time. A good electrical conductivity and high thermal resistance of ITO/Ag/ITO are desirable features at cryogenic temperatures. Elements in ITO/Ag/ITO (AgHT™) were patterned using fiber laser ablation. Close to a linear (R2 = 0.999) relationship between resistance and temperature in the range of 293–55 K was confirmed. The dynamics of resistance changes is of the order of 9 × 10−4 1/K. Carrier concentration and mobility have been determined on the basis of Hall voltage measurements. Structures patterned in AgHT™ conductive film can be seen to be suitable for passive elements of low‐temperature electronics.
Meta‐synthesis and comparative meta‐analysis of education research findings: some risks and benefits
Authors: Higgins Steve
Published: April 2016

Meta‐analysis, or quantitative synthesis, is the statistical combination of research findings. It can identify whether an intervention or approach, on balance, is effective or not, and can explain variation in findings by identifying patterns associated with larger or smaller effects across studies. It is now more widely applied in medicine and psychology, even though the term was first used in education, and the underpinning statistical ideas date back 70 years or so. This review traces the development of meta‐analysis in education and the history of meta‐meta‐analysis or ‘meta‐synthesis’ in more detail, where the temptation is not just to draw conclusions about similar studies, but to aggregate findings across meta‐analyses to understand the relative benefits of different approaches on educational outcomes. A final section presents the rationale for the Sutton Trust–Education Endowment Foundation Teaching and Learning Toolkit, which aims to present accurate and accessible findings from research studies which are sufficiently applicable to inform professional decision‐making and action in schools, as an example of a ‘meta‐synthesis’ for education.
Constructing near spanning trees with few local inspections
Authors: Levi Reut , Moshkovitz Guy , Ron Dana , Rubinfeld Ronitt , Shapira Asaf
Published: April 2016

Constructing a spanning tree of a graph is one of the most basic tasks in graph theory. Motivated by several recent studies of local graph algorithms, we consider the following variant of this problem. Let G be a connected bounded‐degree graph. Given an edge e in G we would like to decide whether e belongs to a connected subgraph consisting of edges (for a prespecified constant ), where the decision for different edges should be consistent with the same subgraph . Can this task be performed by inspecting only a constant number of edges in G? Our main results are:

We show that if every t‐vertex subgraph of G has expansion then one can (deterministically) construct a sparse spanning subgraph of G using few inspections. To this end we analyze a “local” version of a famous minimum‐weight spanning tree algorithm.

We show that the above expansion requirement is sharp even when allowing randomization. To this end we construct a family of 3‐regular graphs of high girth, in which every t‐vertex subgraph has expansion . We prove that for this family of graphs, any local algorithm for the sparse spanning graph problem requires inspecting a number of edges which is proportional to the girth.

© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 50, 183–200, 2017
The structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of the stoichiometric (001) surface of double perovskite Sr2FeMoO6
Authors: Zhang Yan , Ji Vincent , Xu Ke‐Wei
Published: April 2016

The structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of the stoichiometric (001) surface of double perovskite Sr2FeMoO6 have been studied by using a 10‐layer FeMoO4 and SrO terminated (001)‐oriented slab model and the first‐principles projector augmented wave potential within the generalized gradient approximation as well as taking into account the on‐site Coulomb repulsive (U = 2.0 eV for Fe and 1.0 eV for Mo). An outwards relaxation is observed for several layers near surface, and the accompanying layer rumpling has a decrease tend from surface layer to inner layer. Along Fe–O–Mo–O–Fe or Mo–O–Fe–O–Mo chains, the oxygen atom is closer to the adjacent Mo atom than to the adjacent Fe atom. In FeO6 or MoO6 octahedra, the two axial TM−O bonds are not equal, and especially, the surface dangling bond makes the remaining one axial TM−O bond slightly shorter than four equally equatorial TM−O bonds. The half‐metallic nature and a complete (100%) spin polarization character ensure the FeMoO4 and SrO terminated (001)‐oriented slab of double perovskite Sr2FeMoO6 a potential application in spintronics devices. The Fe+3 and Mo+5 ions are still in the (3d5, S = 5/2) and (4d1, S = 1/2) states with positive and negative magnetic moments respectively and thus antiferromagnetic coupling via oxygen between them. There is no direct interaction between two nearest Fe–Fe or Mo–Mo pairs, whereas the hybridizations between Fe 3d and 4s, O 2s and 2p, as well as Mo 4d, 5s and 5p orbitals are fairly significant. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dealing with missing covariates in epidemiologic studies: a comparison between multiple imputation and a full Bayesian approach
Authors: Erler Nicole S. , Rizopoulos Dimitris , Rosmalen Joost van , Jaddoe Vincent W. V. , Franco Oscar H. , Lesaffre Emmanuel M. E. H.
Published: April 2016

Incomplete data are generally a challenge to the analysis of most large studies. The current gold standard to account for missing data is multiple imputation, and more specifically multiple imputation with chained equations (MICE). Numerous studies have been conducted to illustrate the performance of MICE for missing covariate data. The results show that the method works well in various situations. However, less is known about its performance in more complex models, specifically when the outcome is multivariate as in longitudinal studies. In current practice, the multivariate nature of the longitudinal outcome is often neglected in the imputation procedure, or only the baseline outcome is used to impute missing covariates. In this work, we evaluate the performance of MICE using different strategies to include a longitudinal outcome into the imputation models and compare it with a fully Bayesian approach that jointly imputes missing values and estimates the parameters of the longitudinal model. Results from simulation and a real data example show that MICE requires the analyst to correctly specify which components of the longitudinal process need to be included in the imputation models in order to obtain unbiased results. The full Bayesian approach, on the other hand, does not require the analyst to explicitly specify how the longitudinal outcome enters the imputation models. It performed well under different scenarios. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nucleic Acid Nanostructures for Chemical and Biological Sensing
Authors: Chandrasekaran Arun Richard , Wady Heitham , Subramanian Hari K. K.
Published: April 2016

The nanoscale features of DNA have made it a useful molecule for bottom‐up construction of nanomaterials, for example, two‐ and three‐dimensional lattices, nanomachines, and nanodevices. One of the emerging applications of such DNA‐based nanostructures is in chemical and biological sensing, where they have proven to be cost‐effective, sensitive and have shown promise as point‐of‐care diagnostic tools. DNA is an ideal molecule for sensing not only because of its specificity but also because it is robust and can function under a broad range of biologically relevant temperatures and conditions. DNA nanostructure‐based sensors provide biocompatibility and highly specific detection based on the molecular recognition properties of DNA. They can be used for the detection of single nucleotide polymorphism and to sense pH both in solution and in cells. They have also been used to detect clinically relevant tumor biomarkers. In this review, recent advances in DNA‐based biosensors for pH, nucleic acids, tumor biomarkers and cancer cell detection are introduced. Some challenges that lie ahead for such biosensors to effectively compete with established technologies are also discussed.
Planung und Ausschreibung der Ertüchtigung der Brücke Grande‐Duchesse Charlotte in Luxemburg mit neuesten Technologien
Authors: Gesella Heiko , Schwarz Wilfried , Didier Gilles
Published: April 2016

Die Brücke Grande‐Duchesse Charlotte liegt auf dem Kirchberg‐Plateau in der Stadt Luxemburg und überspannt das Alzette‐Tal im Zuge des so genannten Boulevard John F. Kennedy, welcher die Nationalstraße N 51 führt. Infolge einer geplanten Nutzungsänderung der Brücke wird die Anpassung ihres Verkehrsquerschnitts erforderlich, welcher durch die Überführung einer zweigleisigen Tramtrasse geprägt wird. Im Rahmen dieser projektierten Maßnahme werden umfassende Verstärkungs‐ und Sanierungsmaßnahmen ausgeführt, um die Dauerhaftigkeit und Tragsicherheit des Bauwerks nach heutigen Standards zu gewährleisten. Die zentrale Maßnahme besteht dabei in der großflächigen Verstärkung der orthotropen Fahrbahnplatte mittels SPS‐Overlay.

Design and tender of the strengthening of the Grande‐Duchesse Charlotte Bridge in Luxembourg – Modification of the traffic composition by appropriate material usage and design. The brigde Grande‐Duchesse Charlotte is situated between the city of Luxembourg and the quarter of Kirchberg. The steel bridge carries the Boulevard John F. Kennedy, part of the N 51 over the valley of the Alzette. In view of two tramlines the modification of the traffic composition on the bridge deck is necessary. Due to this projected transportation planning several strengthening and rehabilitation measures are planned in order to ensure the durability and carrying capacity according to current engineering standards. The main measure consists in the strengthening of the orthotropic steel deck by the application of a sandwich‐plate‐system overlay.
Designing automated guidance for concept diagrams in inquiry instruction
Authors: Ryoo Kihyun , Linn Marcia C.
Published: April 2016

Advances in automated scoring technologies have the potential to support student learning during inquiry instruction by providing timely and adaptive guidance on individual students’ responses. To identify which forms of automated guidance can be beneficial for inquiry learning, we compared reflective guidance to directive guidance for student‐generated concept diagrams in web‐based inquiry instruction. Eleven intact classes were randomly assigned to either a reflective guidance or a directive guidance condition. After creating a concept diagram showing energy flow in life science during the inquiry instruction, the directive group was told specific ways to improve their diagram, while the reflective group was told to revisit a relevant visualization step to locate useful information. The results from the concept diagrams, as well as individual tests, show that both forms of automated guidance helped students add target energy concepts, but reflective guidance was significantly more effective than directive guidance in improving students’ coherent understanding of how energy flows in life science. Analyses of log data revealed that the reflective group was more likely to revisit the visualization step as suggested in the guidance, which significantly enhanced student learning. Detailed analyses suggest that revisiting relevant materials to find useful information challenged students to identify gaps in their understanding and distinguish among multiple ideas. This study shows the value of designing reflective automated guidance for helping students engage in evidence‐gathering practices and enhance their understanding of scientific concepts. The findings suggest promising directions for the design of automated adaptive guidance to support complex science learning. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 53:1003–1035, 2016
Ambient fine particles (PM2.5) attenuate collagen‐induced platelet activation through interference of the PLCγ2/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway
Authors: Yin Zhao , Xu Hai‐Jiang , Yao Xia‐Li , Liu Gang , Nie Chun‐Jie , Wei Han , Li Cai , Liang Ming‐Lu , Ming Zhang‐Yin , Zhang Xiao‐Jian
Published: April 2016

Aims

It has been proven that carbon nanoparticles or diesel exhaust particles stimulate platelet activation. However, the effect of fine particle matter (PM2.5) on platelet activation remains unknown, which motivates this study.

Methods

PM2.5 samples were collected in an urban area of Zhengzhou, China. To study the morphological characteristics and the mass concentrations of trace elements of PM2.5 samples, a filed‐emission scanning electron microscope, the Image‐J software, and an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry were used. Washed human platelets or platelet‐rich‐plasma were used to study the effect of PM2.5 on platelet aggregation, P‐selectin expression, or platelet signaling pathways. The cytotoxicity in platelets exposed to PM2.5 was evaluated by a lactate dehydrogenase assay kit. In addition, platelet adhesion and spreading were studied on collagen‐coated surfaces in stable conditions.

Results

The filed‐emission scanning electron microscope scanning showed that PM2.5 samples varied in shape and size distributions. The mean equivalent spherical diameter of these particles was 1.97 ± 0.04 μm, of which 82.40% were particles with equivalent spherical diameters of less than 2.5 μm. The mass concentration of Ca was higher than that of other elements. The other elements followed the trend of Al>Fe>Zn>Mg>Pb>K>Mn>Cu>Ti>Ba>As>Sr>Sn>Sb>Cd>B>Se>Mo>Ag>Ni>TI>V>Co. Furthermore, pretreatment of PM2.5 significantly inhibited rather than potentiated collagen‐induced platelet aggregation and P‐selectin expression, whereas it had no significant effect on ADP‐induced platelet aggregation and P‐selectin expression. The lactate dehydrogenase analysis showed trivial cytotoxic effect of PM2.5 exposure on platelets. Pretreatment of PM2.5 inhibited platelet adhesion on immobilized collagen‐coated surfaces; however, it almost did not impact the platelet spreading. Immunoblotting analysis indicated that PM2.5 reduced collagen‐induced phosphorylation of phospholipase C gamma‐2 (PLCγ2) at Tyr759, Akt at Ser473, and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) at Ser9.

Conclusions

PM2.5 attenuated collagen‐induced platelet aggregation, α‐granule secretion and adhesion, with the potential mechanism of impairing PLCγ2, Akt, and GSK3β signaling. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 530–540, 2017.
Thallium(I), Silver(I), and Mixed Thallium(I)/Copper(I) Clusters with Bridging {Me2Si(N‐C6H4‐2‐SPh)2}2– Ligands
Authors: Liebing Phil , Merzweiler Kurt
Published: April 2016

The S‐functionalized aminosilane Me2Si(NH‐C6H4‐2‐SPh)2 (H2L) (1) was prepared from dichlorodimethylsilane and lithiated 2‐(phenylthio)aniline. Treatment of compound 1 with two equivalents of n‐butyllithium led to the dilithium derivative Li2L, which was used in subsequent reactions with MCl (M = Tl, Cu, Ag) to prepare the complexes [Tl2L] (2), [Cu2Tl2L2]·2THF (3a), [Cu2Tl2L2(THF)2] (3b), and [Ag4L2(THT)2] (4) (THT = tetrahydrothiophene). Compound 2 consists of two thallium atoms, which are connected by a L2– ligand to give a puckered Tl2N2 ring with Tl–N distances of 255(1)–268(1) pm. Compounds 3a and 3b are heterobimetallic complexes, which are based on [Cu2L2]2– cores featuring a Cu2N4Si2 ring with linearly coordinated copper atoms [Cu–N: 190.7(3)–192.5(3) pm] and two peripherally attached Tl atoms [Tl–N: 272.7(3)–281.9(3) pm]. The molecular structure of the tetranuclear silver(I) complex 4 is closely related to the structure of compounds 3a and 3b by replacement of the Cu and Tl atoms with Ag atoms. The Ag–N distances are 217.5(3)–245.7(3) pm.
Role of executive attention in consumer learning with background music
Authors: Kang Esther , Lakshmanan Arun
Published: April 2016

This paper examines how the type of background music (vocal vs. instrumental) affects consumers' cognitive performance depending on individual differences in executive attention (i.e., working memory capacity). Across three experiments, we find that vocal music leads to poorer cognitive and attitudinal outcomes for consumers lower in working memory capacity but does not affect those higher in working memory capacity. However, short‐term habituation to background music helps mitigate this negative effect of vocal music on consumer ad recall. Finally, consumer performances on computing discount prices are also affected by music type depending upon whether prices are communicated in verbal or numeric form. Overall, this research lays out an executive‐attention based process mechanism explaining when and how background music shapes consumer learning and memory. The outlined theory enriches the literature on music effects as well as immediate‐term learning by explicating the role of selective attention in the processing of multi‐modal marketing stimuli.
“Back in the night”: reflections, after forty years, on the nature, uses and value of visual ephemera
Authors: Pollard Nik
Published: April 2016

The author gives context to the 1977 article ‘Arty choke: acquisition and ephemera’, and re-assesses his ideas with the perspective of a long career in librarianship and four decades of involvement with this and other library materials. He argues for a broad definition of ephemera and for art libraries to collect and make accessible as comprehensively as possible all designed visual artifacts potentially pertinent to the study of art history and the practices of art and design.
Printed exhibition ephemera: here to stay? A survey of UK and international art galleries and organisations undertaken at Chelsea College of Arts Library
Authors: Falconer Vicky
Published: April 2016

A survey was carried out at Chelsea College of Arts Library in 2015 to investigate the currency of printed art ephemera, and to inform the development of its collection. The questions were: 1. Does your institution produce printed exhibition ephemera (i.e. exhibition announcements, private view cards, posters, etc.)?; 2. If yes, does your institution distribute these items by post?; 3. Is your policy on the above likely to change in the foreseeable future? Do you have any comments about this or about anything else to do with exhibition ephemera? Distributed to 250 organisations, this article analyses the data gathered from the replies received.
Boundary-Making and Pastoral Conflict along the Kenyan–Ethiopian Borderlands
Authors: Galaty John
Published: April 2016

Boundaries are technologies of power and knowledge that shape spatial and social realities and our understandings of them. This article examines the effects of boundary-making between Kenya and Ethiopia, and investigates the effects of borders on states of peace and conflict among Turkana, Samburu, Borana, Gabra, and Dassanetch of northern Kenya. If borders divide people, people benefit nonetheless from the environmental, social, and political entropy that borders generate by using the energy of spatial differences to advance their own individual and collective life projects.
Expressions of Masculinity and Femininity in Husbands’ Care of Wives with Cancer in Accra
Authors: Atobrah Deborah , Ampofo Akosua Adomako
Published: April 2016

This article explores the care that husbands in Accra, Ghana, provide for wives who have been diagnosed with cancer. Making use of an inductive, qualitative approach, the study analyzes observations of and in-depth ethnographic interviews conducted with five married female cancer patients and their husbands over a ten-month period. The results suggest a strong association among husbands’ care, wives’ responses to husbands’ care, and cultural ideals of femininity and masculinity. The findings suggest that husbands’ selective and often limited gender-based investments in unpaid care work make their sick wives exceedingly vulnerable in a context in which care for the terminally ill takes place predominately in familial settings.
Miraculous fish therapy for leprosy (‘elephant disease’) and other skin diseases in Byzantium
Authors: Bouras-Vallianatos Petros
Published: April 2016

This article discusses a unique case of a miraculous fish therapy used for a variety of skin diseases, which seems to have been practised in the mid-fifth century at the shrine of St. Michael in the city of Germia (mod. Gümüşkonak). It aims to enhance our knowledge of Byzantine therapeutic approaches to ‘elephant disease’ and contribute to debates on modern fish spa therapy.
The Archaeology of Urbanism in Ancient Egypt
Authors: Moeller Nadine
Published: April 2016

In this book, Nadine Moeller challenges prevailing views on Egypt's non-urban past and argues for Egypt as an early urban society. She traces the emergence of urban features during the Predynastic Period up to the disintegration of the powerful Middle Kingdom state (c.3500–1650 BC). This book offers a synthesis of the archaeological data that sheds light on the different facets of urbanism in ancient Egypt. Drawing on evidence from recent excavations as well as a vast body of archaeological data, this book explores the changing settlement patterns by contrasting periods of strong political control against those of decentralization. It also discusses households and the layout of domestic architecture, which are key elements for understanding how society functioned and evolved over time. Moeller reveals what settlement patterns can tell us about the formation of complex society and the role of the state in urban development in ancient Egypt.
Cause and Correlation in Biology
Authors: Shipley Bill
Published: April 2016

Many problems in biology require an understanding of the relationships among variables in a multivariate causal context. Exploring such cause-effect relationships through a series of statistical methods, this book explains how to test causal hypotheses when randomised experiments cannot be performed. This completely revised and updated edition features detailed explanations for carrying out statistical methods using the popular and freely available R statistical language. Sections on d-sep tests, latent constructs that are common in biology, missing values, phylogenetic constraints, and multilevel models are also an important feature of this new edition. Written for biologists and using a minimum of statistical jargon, the concept of testing multivariate causal hypotheses using structural equations and path analysis is demystified. Assuming only a basic understanding of statistical analysis, this new edition is a valuable resource for both students and practising biologists.
CAEP 2015 Academic Symposium: Recommendations for University Governance and Administration for Emergency Medicine
Authors: Petrie David , Chopra Anil , Chochinov Alecs , Artz Jennifer D. , Schull Michael , Tallon John , Jones Gordon , MacPhee Shannon , Ackerman Margaret , Stiell Ian G. , Christenson Jim
Published: April 2016

Objective

1) To identify the strengths and challenges of governance structures in academic emergency medicine (EM), and 2) to make recommendations on principles and approaches that may guide improvements.

Methods

Over the course of 9 months, eight established EM leaders met by teleconference, reviewed the literature, and discussed their findings and experiences to arrive at recommendations on governance in academic units of EM. The results and recommendations were presented at the annual Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP) Academic Symposium, where attendees provided feedback. The updated recommendations were subsequently distributed to the CAEP Academic Section for further input, and the final recommendations were decided by consensus.

Results

The panel identified four governance areas of interest: 1) the elements of governance; 2) the relationships between emergency physicians and academic units of EM, and between the academic units of EM and faculty of medicine; 3) current status of governance in Canadian academic units of EM; and 4) essential elements of good governance. Six recommendations were developed around three themes, including 1) the importance of good governance; 2) the purposes of an academic unit of EM; and 3) essential elements for better governance for academic units of EM. Recommendations included identifying the importance of good governance, recognizing the need to adapt to the different models depending on the local environment; seeking full departmental status, provided it is mutually beneficial to EM and the faculty of medicine (and health authority); using a consultation service to learn from the experience of other academic units of EM; and establishing an annual forum for EM leaders.

Conclusion

Although governance of academic EM is complex, there are ways to iteratively improve the mission of academic units of EM: providing exceptional patient care through research and education. Although there is no one-size-fits-all guide, there are practical recommended steps for academic units of EM to consider.
Nutrition with Gastrostomy Feeding Tubes for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in Canada
Authors: Benstead Timothy , Jackson-Tarlton Caitlin , Leddin Desmond
Published: April 2016

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressing degenerative motor neuron disease that results in significant muscle weakness. Defects in energy metabolism and difficulties in swallowing eventually lead to a reduction in body mass. Weight loss exacerbates symptoms and serves as an independent negative prognostic factor. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is often inserted in patients with ALS to either supplement or replace oral feeding. However, the criteria for PEG placement and timing of insertion are important clinical decisions that have not been fully studied. Given the absence of guiding evidence, the aim of this project was to better understand how Canadian ALS clinics make decisions regarding gastrostomy feeding. Methods: ALS clinical directors across Canada were asked if they had written guidelines for timing of PEG insertion and if not, what criteria they use to make this decision. Responses from 10 of 17 centres contacted were received. Results: The approach to supplemental nutrition management in Canadian clinics varies in the absence of formal guidelines. Only one centre has a written set of centre-specific protocols in place. Most clinics considered some combination of respiratory decline, weight loss, dysphagia and/or patient readiness when reaching a decision. However, the absolute threshold and mechanism of measuring the individual criteria differed between clinics. Conclusions: Practices generally reflect international published recommendations but vary on the emphasis of specific criteria. Further research is required to determine the optimal timing and criteria to place gastrostomy feeding tubes in the ALS population.
Reevaluating Muscle Biopsies in the Diagnosis of Pompe Disease: A Corroborative Report
Authors: Genge Angela , Campbell Natasha
Published: April 2016

Background: Previous reports suggest that although a diagnostic muscle biopsy can confirm the presence of Pompe disease, the absence of a definitive biopsy result does not rule out the diagnosis. Methods: In this study, we reviewed patients with a limb-girdle syndrome who demonstrated nonspecific abnormalities of muscle, without evidence of the classical changes of acid maltase deficiency. These patients were rescreened for Pompe disease using dried blood spot (DBS) testing. Results: Twenty-seven patients provided blood samples for the DBS test. Four patients underwent subsequent genetic testing. Genetic analysis demonstrated that one patient tested positive for Pompe disease and one patient had one copy of a pathogenic variant. Conclusions: In conclusion, the ability of a diagnostic muscle biopsy to definitively rule out the presence of Pompe disease is limited. There is a role for a screening DBS in all patients presenting with a limb-girdle syndrome without a clear diagnosis.
Neuroradiology Using Secure Mobile Device Review
Authors: Randhawa Privia A. , Morrish William , Lysack John T. , Hu William , Goyal Mayank , Hill Michael D.
Published: April 2016

Background:Image review on computer-based workstations has made film-based review outdated. Despite advances in technology, the lack of portability of digital workstations creates an inherent disadvantage. As such, we sought to determine if the quality of image review on a handheld device is adequate for routine clinical use.Methods:Six CT/CTA cases and six MR/MRA cases were independently reviewed by three neuroradiologists in varying environments: high and low ambient light using a handheld device and on a traditional imaging workstation in ideal conditions. On first review (using a handheld device in high ambient light), a preliminary diagnosis for each case was made. Upon changes in review conditions, neuroradiologists were asked if any additional features were seen that changed their initial diagnoses. Reviewers were also asked to comment on overall clinical quality and if the handheld display was of acceptable quality for image review.Results:After the initial CT review in high ambient light, additional findings were reported in 2 of 18 instances on subsequent reviews. Similarly, additional findings were identified in 4 of 18 instances after the initial MR review in high ambient lighting. Only one of these six additional findings contributed to the diagnosis made on the initial preliminary review.Conclusions:Use of a handheld device for image review is of adequate diagnostic quality based on image contrast, sharpness of structures, visible artefacts and overall display quality. Although reviewers were comfortable with using this technology, a handheld device with a larger screen may be diagnostically superior.
The development of a localised HIV epidemic and the associated excess mortality burden in a rural area of South Africa
Authors: Mee P. , Kahn K. , Kabudula C.W. , Wagner R.G. , Gómez-Olivé F. X. , Madhavan S. , Collinson Mark A. , Tollman S.M. , Byass P.
Published: April 2016

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in South Africa rapidly developed into a major pandemic. Here we analyse the development of the epidemic in a rural area of the country. The data used were collected between 1992 and 2013 in a longitudinal population survey, the Agincourt Health and Demographic Surveillance Study, in the northeast of the country. Throughout the period of study mortality rates were similar in all villages, suggesting that there were multiple index cases evenly spread geographically. These were likely to have been returning migrant workers. For those aged below 39 years the HIV mortality rate was higher for women, above this age it was higher for men. This indicates the protective effect of greater access to HIV testing and treatment among older women. The recent convergence of mortality rates for Mozambicans and South Africans indicates that the former refugee population are being assimilated into the host community. More than 60% of the deaths occurring in this community between 1992 and 2013 could be attributed directly or indirectly to HIV. Recently there has been an increasing level of non-HIV mortality which has important implications for local healthcare provision. This study demonstrates how evidence from longitudinal analyses can support healthcare planning.
How the optical timing system, the longitudinal diagnostics and the associated feedback systems provide femtosecond stable operation at the FERMI free electron laser
Authors: Ferianis Mario , Allaria Enrico , Ferrari Eugenio , Gaio Giulio , Penco Giuseppe , Rossi Fabio , Veronese Marco
Published: April 2016

FERMI, the seeded free electron laser (FEL) in operation in Italy, is providing the User Community with unique fully coherent radiation, in the wavelength range 100–4 nm. FERMI is the first FEL fully synchronized by means of optical fibers. The optical timing system ensures an ultra-stable phase reference to its distributed clients. Several femtosecond longitudinal diagnostics verify the achieved performance; the bunch length monitor (BLM) and the bunch arrival monitor (BAM) will be presented in this paper. Feedback systems play a crucial role to guarantee the needed long-term electron beam stability. A real-time infrastructure allows shot-to-shot communication between front-end computers and the servers. Orbit feedbacks are useful in machine tuning, whereas longitudinal feedbacks control electron energy, compression and arrival time. A flexible software framework allows a rapid implementation of heterogeneous multi-input–multi-output (MIMO) longitudinal loops simply by selecting the appropriate sensors and actuators.
A dissipative random velocity field for fully developed fluid turbulence
Authors: Pereira Rodrigo M. , Garban Christophe , Chevillard Laurent
Published: April 2016

We investigate the statistical properties, based on numerical simulations and analytical calculations, of a recently proposed stochastic model for the velocity field (Chevillardet al.,Europhys. Lett., vol. 89, 2010, 54002) of an incompressible, homogeneous, isotropic and fully developed turbulent flow. A key step in the construction of this model is the introduction of some aspects of the vorticity stretching mechanism that governs the dynamics of fluid particles along their trajectories. An additional further phenomenological step aimed at including the long range correlated nature of turbulence makes this model dependent on a single free parameter,${\it\gamma}$, that can be estimated from experimental measurements. We confirm the realism of the model regarding the geometry of the velocity gradient tensor, the power-law behaviour of the moments of velocity increments (i.e. the structure functions) including the intermittent corrections and the existence of energy transfer across scales. We quantify the dependence of these basic properties of turbulent flows on the free parameter${\it\gamma}$and derive analytically the spectrum of exponents of the structure functions in a simplified non-dissipative case. A perturbative expansion in power of${\it\gamma}$shows that energy transfer, at leading order, indeed take place, justifying the dissipative nature of this random field.