bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monomeric IgA promotes cytokine production, proliferation and migration by human airway smooth muscle cells
Authors: Suzukawa Maho , Imoto Sahoko , Takada Kazufumi , Watanabe Shizuka , Igarashi Sayaka , Nagase Takahide , Ohta Ken
Published: January 2024

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is important in biological defense mainly in the
mucosal area and has pathogenic and inflammatory roles in various
diseases. IgA activates not only inflammatory but also structural cells
including airway epithelial cells and fibroblasts. The current study
aimed to validate the effect of IgA on bronchial smooth muscle cells
(BSMCs), which are another type of cell involved in airway remodeling
and responsiveness. Results showed that monomeric IgA (mIgA) induced
interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1
production, and enhanced cell proliferation, collagen gel contraction,
and BSMC migration. Among previously reported receptors for mIgA, BSMCs
expressed TfR/CD71. Transfection with small interference RNA (siRNA)
against TfR/CD71 partially inhibited cytokine and chemokine production
promoted by mIgA-stimulated BSMCs. Moreover, the mitogen-activated
protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, and
nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways were activated via mIgA stimulation
in BSMCs. Thus, mIgA may activate BSMCs and exacerbate inflammatory lung
diseases including asthma.
Targeting Monoacylglycerol Lipase in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Reduced Tumor-Associated Inflammation and Decreased Colonization in the Brain
Authors: Avraham Shalom , Avraham Hava , Benchama Othman , Tyukhenko Sergiy , Malamas Michael , Williams Mark , Makriyannis Alexandandros
Published: January 2024

Background and Purpose: While the prevalence of breast cancer metastasis
in the brain is significantly higher in triple-negative breast cancers
(TNBCs), there is a lack of novel and/or improved therapeutic approaches
for these patients. Here, we explore the role of monoacylglycerol lipase
(MAGL) in tumor growth and colonization in the brain. Experimental
Approach: MAGL inhibitor AM9928 was selected for these studies due to
its high specificity (hMAGL IC50 = 9nM). The effects of AM9928 on TNBC
adhesion and transmigration across a 3D culture with human brain
microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) and the secretion of
chemokines/cytokines were examined. The effects of AM9928 on TNBC tumor
growth and tumor colonization in vivo in the brain were performed using
TNBC mice models. Key Results: The residence time based on NMR time
course data for AM9928 is 46 hours indicating prolonged pharmacodynamic
effect. AM9928 blocked TNBC cell adhesion and transmigration across
HBMECs in a 3D culture. AM9928 inhibited the secretion of IL-6, IL-8,
and VEGF-A from TNBC cells and from HBMECs cultures exposed to
TNBC-derived exosomes. Using in vivo studies of syngeneic GFP-4T1-BrM5
mammary tumor cells, AM9928 inhibited tumor growth in the mammary fat
pads and attenuated blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability changes,
resulting in reduced TNBC colonization in the brain. Together, these
results demonstrate inhibition of TNBC tumor growth and brain
colonization by AM9928 and support the potential clinical application of
MAGL inhibitors as a novel treatment for TNBC.
Dendritic cell vaccination augments the profile of tumor infiltrating Natural Killer cells in tumor bearing mice
Authors: Michelin Marcia , Alves Eduardo Arthur Rodovalho , Silva Polyana , Murta Eddie
Published: January 2024

Assessing the Natural Killer (NK) cells in Dendritic Cell (DC) vaccine
immunotherapy of 4T1 cell-induced breast cancer in Balb/C mice, we watch
the expression of killer activation receptors NKp46, NKG2D, and
inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) Ly49G2,
NKG2A/C/E and the interleukins (IL) 2, 10, 12, 17, tumor necrosis factor
alpha (TNF-α) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ). 30 Balb/C mice divided into
untreated, or control experimental group (GI), untreated induced tumor
group (GII), and the DC treated vaccine-induced tumor group (GIII). Bone
marrow from donor mice was collected to produce the vaccine. The 25-day
experiment comprised tumor volume measurements and at the end of the
treatment protocol mice were euthanized for removal of the spleen and
evaluation of tumor infiltration by flow cytometry of the receptors
NKp46, NKG2D, Ly49G2 and NKG2A/C/E and the cytokines. Our results showed
that mice treated with the DC vaccine reduced the expression of
inhibition receptors Ly49G2D/NKG2A/C/E in the spleen and tumor
infiltrate (p=0.0001), with increased fluorescence intensity of splenic
IL-10, IL-2, IL-12, IL-17, TNF-α and IFN-γ-producing NKp46/NKG2D cells
(p=0.0001), intratumoral TNF-α and IFN-γ-producing by NKp46/NKG2D cells
(p=0.0001). We demonstrated that immunotherapy with DC can alter the
profile of NK cells by directly influencing them into an antitumor
response due to reduced expression of inhibition receptors and increased
production of cytokines such as IL-2, IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ by cells.
Also, the activation of receptors confers NK cells the ability to
reverse tumor-induced immunosuppression, stimulating the immune system
to eliminate tumor cells.
Effects of Froude Number and Horizontal Blade Attachment on Scour under Submerged Pipelines
Authors: Masjedi Alireza , Karamzadeh Farideh , Heidarnejad Mohammad , Bordbar Amin
Published: January 2024

A very large percentage of pipeline failures is attributed to scouring
around pipelines. If the depth of scour becomes significant, the
stability of the pipeline may be endangered, with a consequent risk of
damage and failure. The effect of Froude number and horizontal blade
installed under submerged pipelines on scour controlling at a direct
laboratory flume was experimentally studied. Experiments were carried
out on four pipe diameters, four blade lengths, and two horizontal
placement modes for the lower blade at three Froude numbers were
considered under clear-water conditions. At the end of each experiment,
the length and depth of scour beneath the pipe were measured. According
to the results, increased Froude number, the relative blade length and
the location of the lower blade affect the scour depth around the pipe.
The relative scour depth and length increase with the increase in Froude
number. In all cases, the use of a longitudinal blade caused an increase
in the percentage of scour depth reduction around the submerged pipe.
For a pipe with a diameter of 3.1 cm, the use of a blade with a relative
length of 0.81 at Fr=0.24 in the center and under of the pipe reduced
the scour depth by 58% on average as compared to the pipe without a
blade. Furthermore, with both the pipe and the blade under it, the
maximum increase in the scour length by 19% was obtained with a
relative blade length of 0.81 and a pipe diameter of 3.1 cm at Fr=0.24.
The association of Body Mass Index with Mortality among Pulmonary Hypertension patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Jiang Chaoxin , Fang Xiongde , Fu Wenjin
Published: January 2024

Objective: To run a systematic review and meta-analysis of related
studies on body mass index (BMI) and the risk of death among pulmonary
hypertension (PH) patients, as well as, to shed light on the shape and
strength of the dose-response association. Methods: Studies published up
to Jun 2021 in scientific databases such as Scopus, and PubMed as well
as Google Scholar were searched. Cohort studies that reported risk
estimates for at least two categories of BMI or per certain increase in
BMI in relation to mortality in PH patients were included. Summary
relative risks were determined with random effects models. Non-linear
relationship was discovered with dose-response analysis. Results: All in
all, 15 cohort studies were selected. The number of participants was
127215 out of which 73999 were reported dead. The relative risks (RRs)
of mortality for participants with highest BMI were 0.72 (95%
confidence interval (CI), 0.57–0.90; I2=97.3%, n=9) in comparison with
the reference category. The summary RR for mortality per a 5-unit
increment in BMI was 0.83 (95% confidence interval 0.77 to 0.89;
I2=75.6%, n=9) among PH patients. There was a non-linear dose-response
relation between BMI and mortality in PH patients (Pnon-linearity
<0.001), with the lowest risk being at BMI 32-38 kg/m2.
Conclusion: higher BMI is related to decreased risk of mortality among
PH patients and the lowest point of the curve was seen at BMI 32-38.
Primary Care Providers' Experiences Treating Low Back Pain
Authors: Sad Sondos , Start Amanda
Published: January 2024

Abstract Objectives: To explore primary care provider (PCP) experiences
and practice patterns regarding low back pain (LBP) in females compared
to males in the United States. Methods: We used a cross-sectional study
design; data was collected anonymously using a 27-item online survey
disseminated via email to PCPs working in Ohio. We had 58 responses for
analysis, data was analyzed using bivariate and multivariate analyses.
Results: Almost 9 out of 10 clinicians reported experiencing LBP. PCPs
were not in agreement that LBP is different in women than men.
Clinicians with women’s health, osteopathic, or sport’s medicine
background were more likely to agree that LBP is different in women than
in men. PCPs were more likely to counsel female patients about pelvic
floor exercises; however, their intake of present pelvic symptoms in LBP
female patients is suboptimal. PCPs were more likely to counsel females
for home chores than males. Conclusion: Initial evidence suggests there
is a knowledge gap amongst PCPs towards the impact of biological sex on
LBP and a bias towards gender roles when counseling patients for home
chores or occupational tasks. Further investigation of this knowledge
gap and counseling approaches is recommended to better bridge the gender
disparity.
Deep sedation with dexmedetomidine administered by electrophysiologists during COVID-19 pandemic compared with propofol administered by anesthesiologists for transcatheter ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Ebrille Elisa , Lucciola Maria Teresa , Amellone Claudia , Ballocca Flavia , Suppo Marco , Antonacci Giuseppe , Gotta Franco , Birolo Marco , Orlando Fabrizio , Favro Elisa , Giammaria Massimo
Published: January 2024

Background COVID-19 pandemic, limiting the availability of
anesthesiologists, has impacted heavily on the organization of invasive
cardiac procedures such as transcatheter atrial fibrillation (AF)
ablation. Objective We compared the safety and efficacy of deep sedation
with dexmedetomidine administered by electrophysiologists without
anesthesiologist supervision, against the standard protocol performed
with propofol. Methods We retrospectively included all AF ablation
procedures performed in 2020: 23 patients sedated with 1% propofol (2
ml bolus followed by infusion starting at 1 mg/Kg/h), 26 patients with
dexmedetomidine (infusion starting at 0.7 mcg/Kg/h). Both groups
additionally received 1 mcg/Kg of midazolam as a single bolus and 0.05
mg single boluses of fentanyl prior to ablation on each pair of
pulmonary veins (PV). Primary outcomes were oxygen desaturation
(<90%) or need for assisted ventilation/intubation,
bradycardia (heart rate <45 bpm) and persistent hypotension
(systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg). Results Baseline
characteristics and hemodynamic variables did not differ between the two
groups (all p>0.05). In 8/23 (35%) patients propofol
infusion velocity reduction was necessary to maintain the hemodynamic
values, compared to 7/26 (27%) with dexmedetomidine. Inter-group
comparison of hemodynamic variables during the procedure showed no
statistically significant difference, despite a trend in favor of
dexmedetomidine (3 respiratory depressions and 3 persistent hypotension
episodes with propofol vs. 0 with dexmedetomidine; p = 0.057).
Conclusion Deep sedation with dexmedetomidine administered by
electrophysiologists without anesthesiologist supervision is safe and
effective for AF transcatheter ablation. A trend towards a lower
incidence of hypotension and respiratory depression was noted when
compared to propofol.
Plasma proteome changes linked to late phase response after inhaled allergen challenge in asthmatics
Authors: Weitoft Maria , Kadefors Måns , Stenberg Henning , Tufvesson Ellen , Diamant Zuzana , Enes Sara Rolandsson , Bjermer Leif , Rosmark Oskar , Westergren-Thorsson Gunilla
Published: January 2024

Background. A subset of individuals with allergic asthma
develops a late phase response (LPR) to inhaled allergens, which is
characterized by a prolonged airway obstruction, airway inflammation and
airway hyperresponsiveness. The aim of this study was to identify
changes in the plasma proteome and circulating hematopoietic progenitor
cells associated with the LPR following an inhaled allergen challenge.
Methods. Serial plasma samples from asthmatics undergoing
inhaled allergen challenge were analyzed by mass spectrometry and
immunosorbent assays. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed
by flow cytometry. Mass spectrometry data was analyzed using a linear
regression to model the relationship between airway obstruction during
the LPR and plasma proteome changes. Data from immunosorbent assays was
analyzed using linear mixed models. Results. Out of 396
proteins quantified in plasma, 150 showed a statistically significant
change 23 h post allergen challenge. Among the most upregulated were
three protease inhibitors: alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin
and plasma serine protease inhibitor. Altered levels of 13 proteins were
associated with the LPR, including increased factor XIII A and a
decreased von Willebrand factor. No relationship was found between the
LPR and changes in the proportions of classical, intermediate, and
non-classical monocytes. Conclusions. Allergic reactions to
inhaled allergens in asthmatic subjects was associated with changes in a
large proportion of the measured plasma proteome, whereof protease
inhibitors showed the largest changes, likely to influence the
inflammatory response. Many of the proteins altered in relation to the
LPR are associated with coagulation, highlighting potential mechanistic
targets for future treatments of type-2 asthma.
ENT Emergency Clinic: Our COVID 19 Experience. A Observational Cross-Sectional Study.
Authors: Butler Jemma , Wooles Nicola , Daultrey Charles
Published: January 2024

1. Enforced change due to COVID 19 has led to positive changes in
practice. 2. Early senior triaging and review led to a reduction in
emergency clinic attendances. 3. Emergency clinics could be further
supported through protocols, departmental guidance and permanent changes
to senior cover. 4. Increased senior presence could improve teaching and
training of junior colleagues. 5. The integration of telemedicine is a
useful tool in both the elective and emergency settings.
Anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder among undergraduate medial students in Syria during war and COVID-19: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Mohammad Mohammad , Kitaz Mohammad Nour , Hamza Rama , Kakaje Ameer
Published: January 2024

Introduction Syria has been suffering war for 10 years and COVID-19
added particular stress to people. Medical students are more prone than
general population to anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
which we are going to assess in this study. Methods This is a
cross-section study that used online questionnaires were distributed in
Social Media groups that included medical students. They included
demographics, Zung self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Yale-Brown OCD
Scale (YBCOS). Results Overall, 180 participants were included, of
which, 67 (37.2%) were males. Females and interns had higher OCD scores
compared with males and more junior students p<0.05. OCD
scores were not associated with social status, work, smoking, residency
status, or having chronic diseases. Factors that were associated with
higher anxiety scores were female gender and smoking p<0.05.
In contrast, anxiety had no significant association with social status,
residence status, academic year, work, and chronic diseases. Anxiety
scores were not correlated with the consumption of tea, coffee, mate, or
alcohol. OCD scores were also not correlated with coffee, mate, or
alcohol consumption, but they were significantly correlated with tea
consumption. When using regression, OCD and anxiety were associated with
only sex, smoking and with each other. Conclusion These numbers were not
higher than most of other studies. Further studies are needed for
further evaluation to determine the cause whether it was from war having
equal effect on mental health or COVID did not affect people as much in
Syria.
Diagnostic Value of exosome miRNA combined with RT3D-STE in STEMI and NSTEMI
Authors: Chen Xiaozhu , Huang Fengrong , Liu Yunhong , Liu Shujun , Tan Gangwen
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play essential roles in acute myocardial
infarction (AMI), but little is known regarding the value of exosome
miRNA combined with real-time three-dimensional spot tracking
echocardiography (RT3D-STE) between ST-segment elevation myocardial
infarction (STEMI) and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
(NSTEMI). AIM To analyze the correlation between exosomal miRNA and
strain parameters of RT3D-STE. METHODS The present study collected
plasma samples from thirty-four patients with AMI, and employed
high-throughput sequence technology and Real-time Quantitative
Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) to identify the differentially
expressed miRNAs. The pearson correlation coefficient is used to measure
the strength of a linear association between differ-expressed miRNAs and
strain parameters of RT3D-STE. RESULTS Twenty-eight difference expressed
plasma exosomes miRNAs were identified in STEMI Compared with NSTEM.
Among them, there are ten miRNAs (miR-152-5p, miR-3681-5p, miR-193a-5p,
miR-193b-5p miR-345-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-365a-3p, miR-4520-2-3p,
hsa-miR-193b-3p and hsa-miR-5579-5p) with a Pearson correlation greater
than 0.6 with RT3D-STE strain parameters. Target genes of these ten
miRNAs are analyzed for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of
Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways enrichment, and they were found to be
mainly involved in the cellular metabolism processes and HIF-1 signaling
pathway. CONCLUSION These ten xosomal miRNA combined with RT3D-STE may
have important value in STEMI and NSTEMI.
Design and construction of a semi-cycle system of oxygen supplied intensification using hydrogen peroxide for high-performance glucose oxidation
Authors: Cui Caixia , Kong Mengyuan , Xia Tingting , Zhou Chenyan , Ming Hong
Published: January 2024

In the past decade, glucose conversion has attracted increasing
attention for use in both biosensor preparation and gluconic acid
synthesis. However, differences in glucose concentration have led to
different research priorities. Here, we sought to study the limited
conditions for synthesizing high concentrations of gluconate using
glucose oxidase and catalase. Considering product inhibition and the
oxygen supplied limitations posed by gluconic acid and dissolved oxygen
(DO), we present here a method using continuous glucose flow to the
system along with the addition of H2O2 to the system as an oxygen
precursor. Then the two features were coupled, constructing a novel,
semi-cycle oxygen regeneration system to improve the product space-time
yield. The effects of glucose and H2O2 addition on reaction rate were
tested; the amount of gluconate yield was also assessed. Results
indicated that glucose conversion was consistent with the DO value of
the system; moreover, that the gluconate space-time yield was up to 61.3
g/L/h—36-fold increase when compared with unregulated gluconate
synthesis. Collectively, these findings identified reaction conditions
that use H2O2 as an oxygen precursor for suppling oxygen, thus guiding
the design of an enzymatic reaction that using oxygen for its enzyme
catalyzed system.
A Deadly Match - A Case Series of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia
Authors: Forbes Jennifer , Patel Alex , Abreut George , Osman Ahmed , Reyna Yordanka , Blanchard Arnoux , Vicuna Ricardo , Sharma Ashok
Published: January 2024

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia is a
progressive hereditary cardiomyopathy with presenting symptoms ranging
from palpitations to sudden cardiac death. We describe two cases with
differing presenting symptomology found to have this rare, potentially
fatal condition.
General decay of a nonlinear viscoelastic wave equation with Balakrishn\^{a}n-Taylor damping and a delay involving variable source
Authors: rahmoune abita , Zuo Jiabin
Published: January 2024

This paper is devoted to the stability of a viscoelastic problem with
Balakrishn\^{a}n-Taylor damping and time delay
involving variable-exponent nonlinearity. Under some assumptions on the
relaxation function, we establish the general decay estimate for the
energy via suitable Lyapunov functionals. The problem considered is
novel and meaningful because the presence of the flutter panel equation
and the spillover problem with memory and variable exponents time delay
control. Our result generalizes and improves previous conclusion in the
literature.
Gestational hypertensive disease and birthweight discordance in twin pregnancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Yuan , Zeng Hongying , Liu Jing , Zhang Feng
Published: January 2024

Background: For singletons, the relationship between gestational
hypertensive disease (GHD) and fetal growth anomalies has been
established. However, the association between GHD and birthweight
discordance in twin pregnancies is inclusive. Objective: To explore the
association between GHD and birthweight discordance in twin pregnancies.
Search strategy: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library
were systematically searched from establishment until July 2021.
Selection criteria: Studies reporting the risk of birthweight
discordance in twin pregnancies complicated by GHD compared with those
not were included. Data collection and analysis: Odds ratios (OR) and
95% confidence intervals (CI) were extracted. Study heterogeneity was
evaluated by I2 index. Sub-group analyses and stratification were
performed. Risk of bias was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
Main results: Ten studies (304181 twin pregnancies) were included. GHD
(OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.41-1.94) was a risk factor for intertwin birthweight
discordance [preeclampsia (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.32-2.08); chronic
hypertension (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.46-1.73)]. No evident association was
observed between gestational hypertension (GH) and intertwin birthweight
discordance (OR 1.24, 95% CI 0.96-1.60). After stratification,
birthweight discordance was related to GHD (OR 2.51, 95% CI 2.01-3.14),
GH (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.33-3.25) and preeclampsia (OR 2.74, 95% CI
2.09-3.61) in dichorionic pregnancies, but no longer associated with GHD
and preeclampsia in monochorionic group. Conclusions: Twin gestations
complicated with GHD, especially in DC pregnancies, were at
significantly higher risk of birthweight discordance. Funding: Science
and Technology Program of Nantong City (MS12020036). Keywords:
gestational hypertensive disease, birthweight discordance, twin
pregnancies, chorionicity, systematic review
Giant mucinous cystadenoma at the Surgical Department of the State University Hospital of Haiti
Authors: Paul Axler Jean , Aurelien Novensky , Vernelus Gerald , Dujour Harry Junior
Published: January 2024

Giant tumors of the ovary are very rare. Mucinous Cystadenomas are the
most common cause of these giant tumors and are often associated with
digestive symptoms such as abdominal bloating, pain and nausea. The most
incriminating risk factors are nulliparity, early puberty, menopause and
infertility. A married postmenopausal woman aged 62 years, nulliparous
(G0P0), known hypertensive for 24 years with history of myomectomy and
unilateral oophorectomy, was seen at the surgical Department of the
State University of Haiti (HUEH) for important increase of the abdomen.
On arrival, she had an abdominal sonography describing a cystic mass
with several septa and complex cystic pockets alternating with simple
pockets. The mass was 46*31.7*26.4 cm in size and compress some
abdominal organs. There was no ascites or adenopathy revealed. The blood
screenings were within normal limits except for the liver enzymes which
were slightly elevated: SGOT 48 IU/L and SGPT 39 IU/L. After evaluation
it was concluded that she had a benign giant mucinous cystadenoma and
was prepared for the operation room. In the OR, the abdomen was
approached with a xipho-umbilical incision and after dissection of the
different abdominal planes and opening of the peritoneum, a large
polycystic mass was revealed. Citrin, clear fluid was aspirated from the
septa to reduce the tension and then the mass was delivered.
Use of medicine safety surveillance tools in a primary healthcare setting
Authors: Adebayo Ayodeji Oluwafemi , ADENUGA Babafunso Aderemi
Published: January 2024

Despite the implementation of pharmacovigilance centres in developing
countries and institution of Therapeutic Committees at different
healthcare delivery levels, use of official medicine safety surveillance
tools among healthcare workers is not widespread. This study seeks to
provide evidence on the knowledge and practice of healthcare
professionals in the public sector on the use of medicine safety
reporting tools. A cross‐sectional survey using a self‐administered
questionnaire to assess the use of medicine safety surveillance tools
amongst healthcare workers in Eenhana State Hospital was carried out.
Data from the questionnaires were entered into the statistical package
Epi Info® version 7 for analysis. About fifty percent of the healthcare
workers in this study have identified at least one adverse drug reaction
(ADR) in their professional practice while only 29% have reported ADR
using at least one of the officially prescribed medicine safety
reporting tools. Nursing cadre seems to be the cadre with least
knowledge of both medicine safety surveillance tools and practice of
pharmacovigilance. Pre-registration healthcare workers training and
continuing professional trainings for registered healthcare workers has
to be strengthened so as to encourage the use of medicines safety
surveillance tools, in particular and pharmacovigilance, in general.
Preparation of polyether based form-stable phase change hydrogel: towards high performance cold energy storage
Authors: Zhang Yuang , Lu Rongwen , Zhang Shufen , Hai Abdul Moqeet , Tang Bingtao
Published: January 2024

Cold energy storage technology using phase change materials (PCMs) plays
an important role in cold chain logistics, air conditioning
refrigeration, high temperature operation temperature control clothing
and other fields. However, the performance of current phase change cold
storage materials is still far from optimum. How to make its shape
stable and machinability is still the key problem in its practical
application. Herein, we report a novel form-stable hydrogel phase change
cold storage materials (HPCCS) with water as PCM and a polyether-based
3D gel as skeleton. These hydrogels exhibited excellent shape-stability
i.e. no water leakage, owing to the coaction of capillary forces and
hydrogen bonding. HPCCS has similar phase change performance with ice,
while HPCCS maintained cold temperature 1.85 times longer than ice.
Finally, it was found that HPCCS could prolong the preservation time of
Litchi which points towards its excellent potential for use in food cold
chain logistics applications.
Empirical data on pattern regularity of social insects and dryland vegetation contradict modelling scenarios of Castillo Vardaro et al.
Authors: Getzin Stephan , Yizhaq Hezi
Published: January 2024

Castillo Vardaro et al. (2021) explored mechanisms that modulate spatial
regularity in social insects without validating the modelled trends
using rigorous measures of regularity from empirical data. Here we show
that empirical insect data contradict their model generalizations and
that their high resource densities cannot explain spatially periodic
dryland vegetation.
Darboux Curves in Three dimensional Walker Manifold
Authors: Ndiaye Ameth
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we investigate the characterization for darboux curves in
a strictWalker 3-manifold and a classication for ruled surface, which is
generated by darboux curve in Walker 3-manifold is obtained. An example
was given at the end.
Prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in ICU patients by Ozonated water mouthwash: a double-blind randomized clinical trial
Authors: Izadi Morteza , Bagheri Mahdi , Far Ali Bahrami , Bagheri-baghdasht Mohammad Sadegh , Ghasemzadeh Golshan , Sureda Antoni , Simonetti Vincenzo , Soodmand Mostafa
Published: January 2024

Background and Aims: Oral care is one of the most important treatment
programs for patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in ICU that
helps prevent nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to
compare two mouthwash solutions: chlorhexidine and ozonated water for
prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in patients
connected to mechanical ventilation in ICU. Methods: The present study
is a double-blind randomized clinical trial performed on eligible
patients in the ICU in two hospitals. The Clinical Pulmonary Infection
Score (CPIS) checklists and culture swap to examine the presence of
microorganism in the patient’s pulmonary secretions were used to
evaluate the effect of chlorhexidine mouthwash and ozonated water on
incidence of VAP. Results: The effects of both chlorhexidine mouthwash
and ozonated water on prevention of VAP varied over time (the first, the
third and the fifth days). There was also a significant difference in
the incidence of VAP in the two groups of chlorhexidine mouthwash and
ozonated water in terms of the culture of pulmonary secretions in the
two groups (P= 0.050). Incidence of VAP in the mouthwash group with
chlorhexidine, 45.9% and in the mouthwash group with ozonated water,
25% were positive. Conclusion: Ozonated water mouthwash was more
effective than chlorhexidine mouthwash in preventing VAP.
Quantifying species composition in root mixtures using root microscopic and histochemical techniques
Authors: Hassan Affendy , Thorup-Kristensen Kristian , Jørgensen Kirsten , Dresbøll Dorte
Published: January 2024

The objectives of this study were; (i) to develop and test an anatomical
key using histochemical staining to identify roots to the plant species
level, and (ii) to demonstrate that it could use this method to quantify
the proportion of individual plant roots from different intercropping
combinations, and how the fraction of the roots were affected by
nitrogen supply and soil depth. Roots of oilseed rape, lucerne, red
beet, wheat, barley, and millet were produced in a greenhouse, washed
free of soil and bundles of roots from each of the species were embedded
in agarose, cut on a microtome and stained with FSA (Fuchsin, Safranin O
and Astrablue). A root identification key was developed based on root
cross sections from the single species root samples. From the anatomical
identification key, it was possible to identify roots of individual
species in root mixtures. The anatomical key also made it possible to
distinguish roots from the intercropping experiment. Root cross sections
followed by histochemical staining was shown to be a useful and simple
method for studying root interactions as well as the fractions of roots
from two intercropping combinations due to different of nitrogen supply
and soil depth in intercropping.
Childhood Asthma and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-analysis and Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Zhang Xiaowen , Xie Junyang , Chen Gui , Liang Tianhao , Li Ang , Liu Weixing , Wang Yiyan , Wang Xiaofen , Kuang Xiaoxuan , Liao Wenjing , Song Lijuan
Published: January 2024

Objectives: World-wide incidence and prevalence of both asthma
and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been increasing in past decades.
Association between the two diseases has been found in some but not
other studies. We conducted a meta-analysis to verify such an
association, and bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis to
examine the potential cause-effect relationships. Methods:
Three databases(PubMed, Embase and Web of Science) were searched from
their inception to February 1, 2021. Pooled hazard ratios (HR) or odds
ratios (OR), and 95% confidence intervals, were calculated.
Associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms with childhood
asthma and T1DM were selected based on genome-wide association studies.
The outcome datasets were obtained from FinnGen study. We used the
inverse variance-weighted, weighted median and MR-Egger methods to
estimate causal effects. To assess robustness and horizontal pleiotropy,
MR-Egger regression and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier test was
conducted. Results: In meta-analysis, childhood asthma was
associated with an increased risk of T1DM (HR=1.30, 95% CI 1.05–1.61,
P=0.014), whereas T1DM was not associated with the risk of asthma
(HR=0.98, 95% CI 0.64–1.51, P=0.941; OR=0.84, 95% CI
0.65–1.08, P=0.168). MR analysis indicated increased genetic
risk of T1DM in children with asthma (OR=1.308; 95% CI 1.030-1.661; P
=0.028). Analysis using the IVW method indicated decreased genetic risk
of asthma in children with T1DM (OR = 0.937, 95%CI 0.881-0.996,
P = 0.037). Conclusions: Childhood asthma is a risk
factor for T1DM; T1DM is a possible protective factor for childhood
asthma.
An anusual case of spontaneous hemothorax in an adolescent affected by congenital exostosis: case report and literature review
Authors: Nicolini Giangiacomo , Bove Giulio , Micera Monica , Bet Alessandra , Ricagna Fabio
Published: January 2024

We present the case of a male adolescent with a haemothorax caused by
pericardial rupture secondary to costal exostosis. The patient was
affected by multiple congenital exostosis and six years earlier he
underwent a bone spur resection of the right femur. An X-ray performed
at presentation was interpreted as suggestive of pneumonia and the
patient was therefore treated with antibiotics without any clinical
improvement. A thoracic ultrasonography performed 7 days later showed a
massive haemothorax, confirmed by a CT scan on which a pericardial
lesion caused by the growth of three osteo-cartilagineous spurs
originating from the 5th, 7th and 8th rib was detected. The boy
underwent surgery and recovered completely. The thoracic ultrasound and
the subsequent CT-scan performed on the patient due to his lack of
clinical improvement directed us towards a rare disease that the X-ray
had not helped diagnose; this entailed the prompt surgical resolution of
a possibly severe, maybe even fatal, condition.
Ex vivo diagnostics using varied cellular inputs in drug-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions
Authors: Awad Andrew , Mouhtouris Effie , Nguyen-Robertson Catriona Vi , Holmes Natasha , Chua Kyra , Copaescu Ana , James Fiona , S Michelle Goh , Aung Ar K. , Godfrey Dale , Philips Elizabeth , Gibson Andrew , F Catarina Almeida , Trubiano Jason
Published: January 2024

Background Drug-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions
(SCARs) are presumed T-cell-mediated hypersensitivities associated with
significant morbidity and mortality. Traditional in-vivo testing
methods, such as patch or intradermal testing, are limited by a lack of
standardisation and poor sensitivity. Modern approaches to testing
include measurement of IFN-γ release from patient peripheral blood
mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with the suspected causative drug.
Objective We sought to improve ex-vivo diagnostics for
drug-induced SCAR by comparing enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot)
sensitivities and flow cytometry-based intracellular cytokine staining
(ICS) and cellular composition of separate samples (PBMC or blister
fluid cells (BFC)) from the same donor. Methods IFN-γ release
ELISpot and flow cytometry analyses were performed on donor-matched PBMC
and BFC samples from four SCAR patients with distinct drug-allergies.
Results Immune responses to suspected drugs were detected in both
PBMC and BFC samples of two donors (Case 1 in response to ceftriaxone
and Case 4 to oxypurinol), with BFC eliciting stronger responses. For
two other donors, only BFC samples showed a response to meloxicam(Case
2) or sulfamethoxazole and its 4-Nitro metabolite (Case 3).
Consistently, flow cytometry revealed a greater proportion of
IFN-γ-secreting cells in the BFC compared to PBMC. BFC cells from Case 3
were also enriched for memory/activation/tissue-recruitment markers over
PBMC. Conclusion Analysis of BFC samples for drug-allergy
diagnostics offers a higher sensitivity for detecting positive responses
compared to PBMC. This is consistent with recruitment (and enrichment)
of cytokine-secreting cells with a memory/activated phenotype into
blisters.
Continuous dependence and general decay of solutions for a wave equation with a nonlinear memory term
Authors: Long Nguyen Thanh , Nhan Nguyen Huu , Ngoc Le Thi Phuong , Quynh Doan Thi Nhu
Published: January 2024

This paper is devoted to the study of existence, uniqueness, continuous
dependence, general decay of solutions of an initial boundary value
problem for a viscoelastic wave equation with strong damping and
nonlinear memory term. At first, we state and prove a theorem involving
local existence and uniqueness of a weak solution. Next, we establish a
sufficient condition to get an estimate of the continuous dependence of
the solution with respect to the kernel function and the nonlinear
terms. Finally, under suitable conditions to obtain the global solution,
we prove the general decay property with positive initial energy for
this global solution.
Darwin's naturalization conundrum reconciled by changes of species interactions
Authors: Jiang Wang , Li Shao-peng , Ge Yuan , Wang Xiao-Yan , Gao Song , Chen Tong , Yu Fei-Hai
Published: January 2024

Although phylogenetic distance between native and exotic species has a
close link with their interactions, it is still unclear how
environmental stresses and species interactions influence the effect of
phylogenetic distance on biological invasion. Here we assessed the
effect of invader-native phylogenetic distance on the growth of the
invader (Symphyotrichum subulatum) under three levels of drought (no,
moderate or intensive drought). We found the effect of communities with
closely related natives on the invader shifted from negative (supporting
Darwin’s naturalization hypothesis) to positive (supporting the
pre-adaptation hypothesis.) with increasing drought intensity, which
could be largely explained by the shift of species interactions from
competition to facilitation by mutualism with arbuscular mycorrhizal
fungi. Therefore, our results provide a new angle to resolve Darwin’s
naturalization conundrum from the change of species interactions along a
stress gradient, and provide important clues for invasion management in
the changing environments.
Comparison of the clinical process and outcomes in patients with fever who visited the emergency department before and after coronavirus infection 2019 outbreak
Authors: Bae SungJin , Lee Dong Hoon , Chung Ho Sub , Namgung Myeong , Choi Yoon Hee , Min Jin Hong
Published: January 2024

Rationale, aims and objectives: The coronavirus infection 2019
(COVID-19) pandemic has affected the emergency department (ED)
management. Its viral transmission necessitates the use of isolation
rooms and personal protective equipment for treating suspected patients,
such as those with fever. This delays the time until the first encounter
with the patients, thereby increasing the length of stay (LOS) in the
ED. We aimed to compare delays in the ED LOS and clinical processes
between the COVID-19 period and pre-COVID-19 period. Moreover, we
intended to evaluate if the aforementioned delay affected patient
outcomes. Methods: We conducted a single-center, retrospective study in
Korea. Patients with fever were compared between the “COVID-19 period”
from March 2020 to August 2020 and the “pre-COVID-19 period” from
March 2019 to September 2019. We compared the overall ED LOS and
individual time variable, including initial diagnostic tests (laboratory
tests, radiography), specific diagnostic test (computed tomography), and
treatment processes (antibiotics). A logistic regression analysis was
conducted to identify the association between hospital admission and
patient data. Results: We enrolled 931 and 749 patients during pre- and
COVID-19 periods, respectively. Patients with fever remained in the ED
for a longer duration during the COVID-19 period
(pre-COVID-19:207.7±102.7 min vs. during COVID-19: 223.5±119.4 min,
p=0.004). The total time for performing laboratory tests and radiography
displayed significant differences between the two periods, particularly
from the time of patient arrival in the ED to the time of issuing the
order. The time until antibiotic administration was delayed in the
COVID-19 period (pre-COVID-19:195.8±103.3 min vs. during COVID-19:
216.9±108.4 min, p=0.003). The logistic regression analysis for hospital
admission identified ED LOS as an independent factor in both periods.
Conclusion: The delay until encountering patients with fever resulted in
longer ED LOS during the COVID-19 period; however, it possibly did not
increase the hospital admission rates.
Component and ensemble density feedbacks decoupled by density-independent processes
Authors: Bradshaw Corey , Herrando-Pérez Salvador
Published: January 2024

Analysis of long-term trends in abundance provide insights into
population dynamics. Population growth rates are the emergent interplay
of fertility, survival, and dispersal, but the density feedbacks on some
vital rates (component) can be decoupled from density feedback on
population growth rates (ensemble). However, the mechanisms responsible
for this decoupling are poorly understood. We simulated component
density feedbacks on survival in age-structured populations of
long-living vertebrates and quantified how imposed nonstationarity
(density-independent mortality and variation in carrying-capacity)
modified the ensemble feedback signal estimated from logistic-growth
models to the simulated abundance time series. The statistical detection
of ensemble density feedback was largely unaffected by
density-independent processes, but catastrophic and proportional
mortality eroded the effect of density-dependent survival on
ensemble-feedback strength more strongly than variation in carrying
capacity. Thus, phenomenological models offer a robust approach to
capture density feedbacks from nonstationary census data when
density-independent mortality is low.
Serum banks for serological survey of SARS-CoV-2 and emerging infectious diseases
Authors: Zhao Jinghui , Cong Yanlong , Li Junfeng , Sun Yixue , Wang Fengjie , Zhao Li-Feng , Xue Honghong , Guo Li , Wang Yongzhi , Li Xiaocheng , Liu Xuelian
Published: January 2024

In June 2021, Udom et al. published their article in 
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases performing a serological
survey revealed evidence of anti-N-IgG antibodies suggesting SARS-CoV-2
exposure in both dogs and cats during the first and second coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks in Thailand. Seroprevalence studies
have proven an important tool to monitor the progression of the COVID-19
pandemic. The duration of immunity of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for the
course of the pandemic and for this reason the monitoring of antibodies
against SARS-CoV-2 is important. The serum samples from different
periods and regions were valuable in terms of scientific significance
for serological survey of SARS-CoV-2 and emerging infectious diseases.
In order to preserve the remaining serum samples and ensure the
stability of anti-virus antibodies in storage serum samples, we strongly
suggest that standard serum banks should be established worldwide.
Investigation on Knowledge Level of Rational Application of Antimicrobial Drug among Pharmacists in Medical Institutions in China's Shanxi province
Authors: Xue Zhimin , Yang Guang , Guo Zhixing , Gao Minge , Qin Qianqian , Zhang Yunxia , Zhao Jie , Kang Yaxin , Li Yan , ruiling Zhao ruiling
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the knowledge of rational use of antibiotics
among pharmacists in medical institutions in China’s Shanxi province, so
as to find out the problems, then to provide support for the management
of antibiotics. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was conducted, which
included the basic information of the respondents, the basic knowledge
of antimicrobial management and the related knowledge of antimicrobial.
SPSS 25.0 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: 462 pharmacists
were investigated. The average score of the knowledge related to
rational use of antibiotics was (10.49±4.05). It showed that the
hospital type, grade, pharmacist’s education, professional title and
working years all had effect on the pharmacists’ mastery of
antimicrobial related knowledge (P<0.05). Multivariate
logistic regression analysis showed that hospital grade and pharmacist’s
education were the main influencing factors (P<0.05).
CONCLUSION: Pharmacists have insufficient knowledge about the rational
application of antibacterial drugs. It is essential to strengthen the
training of management regulations and application of antibacterial
drugs.
Prognostic Value of T wave Positivity in Lead aVR in COVID-19 Pneumonia
Authors: sivri fatih , ÖZDEMİR BURCU , ÇELİK MEHMET , aksoy fatih , akçay burakhan
Published: January 2024

Background:T wave positivity in the lead aVR is a marker of ventricular
repolarization abnormality and provides information on short and
long-term cardiovascular mortality in patients who have heart failure,
anterior myocardial infarction, and receive hemodialysis for various
reasons. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship
between T wave positivity in the lead aVR on superficial ECG and
mortality from COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods: This study retrospectively
included 130 patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 and treated as an
outpatient or in the thoracic diseases ward in a single center between
January 2021 and June 2021. All patients included in the study had
clinical and radiological features and signs of COVID-19 pneumonia. The
COVID-19 diagnosis of all patients was confirmed by polymerase chain
reaction (PCR) studied from an oropharyngeal swab Results: A total of
130 patients were included in this study. Patients were divided into 2
groups: survived and deceased. There were 55 patients (with a mean age
of 64.76-14.93 years, 58.18% male, 41.12% female) in the survived
group, while there were 75 patients (with a mean age of 65-15 years,
58.67% male, 41.33% female) in the deceased group. The univariate and
multivariate regression analyses showed that positive TAVR (OR: 5.151,
95% CI: 1.001-26.504, p: 0.0012), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (OR:
1.006, 95% CI: 1.001-1.010, p: 0.012) and D-dimer (OR:1.436, 95% CI:
1.115-1.848, p: 0.005) were independent risk factors for mortality
Conclusions: positive TAaVR is useful in risk stratification for
COVID-19 pneumonia mortality. KEY WORLD:Electrocardıographıa, positive
TAaVR, COVID-19 pneumonia, mortality
Adaptive control of nonlinear impulsive differential dynamical systems and its applications
Authors: Li liangliang , Tu Zhengwen , Feng Yuming , Zhou Guanghui
Published: January 2024

This paper discusses the problem of the adaptive control of nonlinear
impulsive differential dynamical systems. First, a class of adaptive
controllers are designed for the nonlinear impulsive differential
equations, where the nonlinear function can be decomposed into matching
condition and mismatching condition. Second, combining with Lasalle
invariant set theorem, Schur complement theorem and some inequality
techniques, we consider the synchronization of impulsively coupled
complex networks via the general adaptive control. Moreover, this paper
proposes the pining adaptive synchronization results for impulsive
dynamical complex networks. Finally, some examples with simulations are
given to demonstrate the effectiveness of our results.