bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modernity to Makarrata: Australia Through the Post-Colonial Lens
Authors: Cunningham Daniel
Published: February 2018

This article considers whether Australia can accurately be described as a post-colonial nation, and argues that post-colonial theory fails to adequately address the realities of the Australian context, where Indigenous people are recurrently made to exist and (re)assert themselves within prevailing non-indigenous narratives and temporalities.
Native Title vs land rights: is change more effective when it is achieved through social and political activism or the courts?
Authors: Dabelstein Mia
Published: February 2018

This paper explores the effectiveness of social and political activism in achieving change compared with pursuing legal action through the courts, analysing campaigns to achieve Aboriginal land rights and the Mabo case.
Post-colonial Australia: Fact or fabrication?
Authors: Saunders Isabella
Published: February 2018

This essay argues that Australia, while having made some substantive progress in the social and political reclamation of Indigenous rights, still maintains a powerful sense of colonisation. Examples surrounding the ideas of nationalism, land rights and recognition are drawn on to establish that Australia is undergoing the process of decolonisation, rather than having already done so.
Can the international human rights framework improve the rights of Indigenous Australians?
Authors: Crawford Christina
Published: February 2018

This paper explores the possibilities and limitations that the international human rights framework offers for progressing the rights of Indigenous Australians.
The Tragedy of Jacob by Dena Curtis
Authors: Garcia Alexandra
Published: February 2018

On the fifth May this year, Dena Curtis’ striking short film, Jacob, turns nine. Also commemorating its ninth anniversary on the thirteenth of February this year is the Rudd government’s apology to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community for the tragedies that unfolded throughout the Stolen Generations. Perhaps these two dates are what inspired the airing on the twelfth of April of Jacob in NITV’s The New Black, a compilation of short films directed by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander individuals, exploring culture, country and history. Perhaps the program was aired simply to remind the Australian public of the expansive talents of this land’s Indigenous peoples.
Rabbit-Proof Fence: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Hermannova Laura
Published: February 2018

Since the colonisation of Australia, the relationship between western settlers and Aborigines has been characterised by inconsistent policies, ranging from segregation to relocation to assimilation. Yet no event seems to elicit such a profound reaction as the Stolen Generation. While it has only become the product of discussion in recent decades, it is now deeply embedded in Australian consciousness, with a multitude of films, scholarly publications and memoirs inspired by it. One such film is Rabbit-Proof Fence, directed by Phillip Noyce and based on the nonfiction book Follow the Rabbit-Proof Fence by Doris Pilkington Garimara. Set in 1931, the film describes the experience of three half-caste girls, Molly, Gracie and Daisy, who are forcibly removed from their family and community in Jigalong and taken to the Moore River Native Settlement, their consequent escape and three-month journey home. But what are some of the methods utilised to portray the many issues surrounding the Stolen Generation and what are their effects?
Grandmother’s Country: history, art and survival
Authors: Rago Stephanie
Published: February 2018

The focal point of the Mystic Conversations series, Grandmother’s Country is more than an

interpretation of spiritual identity; it is also a testament to the strength and power of Aboriginal women in Australia.
Captain Cook’s landing site, Kurnell
Authors: Cox Madeline
Published: February 2018

The site of Captain Cook’s first landing on the Australian continent lies at the far end of the Kurnell peninsula. The site is fairly unassuming considering the events that took place there have been “subsequently ascribed the status of a foundational moment in Australia’s history” (Nugent 2008, p. 198). There are no signs that guide you to the destination as would normally be expected of a site of this magnitude. There is a sense that this is a forgotten place, that the now occupants of this land have tried to bury their arrival here. It is because of that sense that I chose to visit the site and explore why it has been treated in such a way.
Effect of relative humidity on the composition of secondary organic aerosol from the oxidation of toluene
Authors: Hinks Mallory L. , Montoya-Aguilera Julia , Ellison Lucas , Lin Peng , Laskin Alexander , Laskin Julia , Shiraiwa Manabu , Dabdub Donald , Nizkorodov Sergey A.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The effect of relative humidity (RH) on the chemical composition of secondary
organic aerosol (SOA) formed from low-NOx toluene oxidation in the
absence of seed particles was investigated. SOA samples were prepared in an
aerosol smog chamber at < 2 % RH and 75 % RH, collected on Teflon
filters, and analyzed with nanospray desorption electrospray ionization
high-resolution mass spectrometry (nano-DESI–HRMS). Measurements revealed a
significant reduction in the fraction of oligomers present in the SOA
generated at 75 % RH compared to SOA generated under dry conditions. In a
separate set of experiments, the particle mass concentrations were measured
with a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) at RHs ranging from < 2 to
90 %. It was found that the particle mass loading decreased by
nearly an order of magnitude when RH increased from < 2 to
75–90 % for low-NOx toluene SOA. The volatility distributions of the
SOA compounds, estimated from the distribution of molecular formulas using
the “molecular corridor” approach, confirmed that low-NOx toluene SOA
became more volatile on average under high-RH conditions. In contrast, the
effect of RH on SOA mass loading was found to be much smaller for
high-NOx toluene SOA. The observed increase in the oligomer fraction and
particle mass loading under dry conditions were attributed to the enhancement of
condensation reactions, which produce water and oligomers from smaller
compounds in low-NOx toluene SOA. The reduction in the fraction of
oligomeric compounds under humid conditions is predicted to partly counteract
the previously observed enhancement in the toluene SOA yield driven by the
aerosol liquid water chemistry in deliquesced inorganic seed particles.
Volatility measurement of atmospheric submicron aerosols in an urban atmosphere in southern China
Authors: Cao Li-Ming , Huang Xiao-Feng , Li Yuan-Yuan , Hu Min , He Ling-Yan
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Aerosol pollution has been a very serious environmental problem in
China for many years. The volatility of aerosols can affect the
distribution of compounds in the gas and aerosol phases, the
atmospheric fates of the corresponding components, and the
measurement of the concentration of aerosols. Compared to the
characterization of chemical composition, few studies have focused
on the volatility of aerosols in China. In this study,
a thermodenuder aerosol mass spectrometer (TD-AMS) system was
deployed to study the volatility of non-refractory submicron
particulate matter (PM1) species during winter in
Shenzhen. To our knowledge, this paper is the first report of the
volatilities of aerosol chemical components based on a TD-AMS system
in China. The average PM1 mass concentration during the
experiment was 42.7±20.1 µg m−3, with organic
aerosol (OA) being the most abundant component (43.2 % of the
total mass). The volatility of chemical species measured by the AMS
varied, with nitrate showing the highest volatility, with a mass
fraction remaining (MFR) of 0.57 at 50 ∘C. Organics showed
semi-volatile characteristics (the MFR was 0.88 at 50 ∘C),
and the volatility had a relatively linear correlation with the TD
temperature (from the ambient temperature to 200 ∘C), with
an evaporation rate of 0.45 %∘C-1. Five
subtypes of OA were resolved from total OA using positive matrix
factorization (PMF) for data obtained under both ambient temperature
and high temperatures through the TD, including a hydrocarbon-like
OA (HOA, accounting for 13.5 %), a cooking OA (COA,
20.6 %), a biomass-burning OA (BBOA, 8.9 %), and two
oxygenated OAs (OOAs): a less-oxidized OOA (LO-OOA, 39.1 %) and
a more-oxidized OOA (MO-OOA, 17.9 %). Different OA factors
presented different volatilities, and the volatility sequence of the
OA factors at 50 ∘C was HOA (MFR of 0.56) > LO-OOA
(0.70) > COA (0.85) ≈ BBOA (0.87) > MO-OOA (0.99),
which was not completely consistent with the sequence of their
O ∕ C ratios. The high volatility of HOA implied that
it had a high potential to be oxidized to secondary species in the
gas phase. The aerosol volatility measurement results in this study
provide useful parameters for the modeling work of aerosol
evolution in China and are also helpful in understanding the
formation mechanisms of secondary aerosols.
Connecting smoke plumes to sources using Hazard Mapping System (HMS) smoke and fire location data over North America
Authors: Brey Steven J. , Ruminski Mark , Atwood Samuel A. , Fischer Emily V.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Fires represent an air quality challenge because they are
large, dynamic and transient sources of particulate matter and ozone
precursors. Transported smoke can deteriorate air quality over large
regions. Fire severity and frequency are likely to increase in the future,
exacerbating an existing problem. Using the National Environmental
Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) Hazard Mapping System (HMS)
smoke data for North America for the period 2007 to 2014, we examine a
subset of fires that are confirmed to have produced sufficient smoke to
warrant the initiation of a U.S. National Weather Service smoke forecast. We
find that gridded HMS-analyzed fires are well correlated (r= 0.84) with
emissions from the Global Fire Emissions Inventory Database 4s (GFED4s). We
define a new metric, smoke hours, by linking observed smoke plumes to active
fires using ensembles of forward trajectories. This work shows that the
Southwest, Northwest, and Northwest Territories initiate the most air
quality forecasts and produce more smoke than any other North American
region by measure of the number of HYSPLIT points analyzed, the duration of
those HYSPLIT points, and the total number of smoke hours produced. The
average number of days with smoke plumes overhead is largest over the
north-central United States. Only Alaska, the Northwest, the Southwest, and Southeast
United States regions produce the majority of smoke plumes observed over their own
borders. This work moves a new dataset from a daily operational setting to a
research context, and it demonstrates how changes to the frequency or
intensity of fires in the western United States could impact other regions.
Do GPAE à UPP: uma proposta de interpretação das percepções de moradores de favelas acerca dos projetos de policiamento comunitário ou de proximidade
Authors: Cardoso Marcus
Published: February 2018

Neste artigo exploram-se os fatores envolvidos no processo de avaliação da UPP edo GPAE pelos moradores de duas favelas cariocas. Um empreendimento dessa naturezasó pode ser levado adiante quando dedicamos cuidadosa atenção àquilo queé dito por nossos interlocutores. Proceder dessa maneira permite-nos identificar emsuas falas eventuais recorrências que remetem às estruturas de significado com queinterpretam suas experiências. Uma compreensão adequada da percepção dos moradoresdas favelas monitoradas acerca do GPAE e da UPP só é possível se atentarmospara a importância que eles atribuem às práticas que nomeiam como “respeitosas” ou“desrespeitosas” ao apreciarem a ação dos policiais que atuam nessas favelas. Comessa visão, procura-se explorar aqui o potencial analítico das aproximações entre ascategorias nativas “respeito” e “desrespeito” e as categorias analíticas “consideração”e “insulto moral”.
Incidência e representações do uso de drogas lícitas e ilícitas nos câmpus da Universidade Federal de Goiás: desafios para a proposição de uma política
Authors: David de Oliveira Dijaci , Borges da Silva Guilherme , Cunha Franco Michele
Published: February 2018

O consumo de substâncias psicoativas lícitas e ilícitas no âmbito das universidades temsido mapeado tanto no Brasil como em outros países, bem como tem desafiado essasinstituições a refletirem acerca da implementação de políticas que não reproduzamos erros da maioria das iniciativas vigentes em esferas públicas mais abrangentes. Oobjetivo deste artigo é analisar a incidência e as percepções do uso de drogas lícitas eilícitas nos câmpus da Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), com base em dados coletadosnos anos de 2015 e 2016 por meio de três procedimentos: survey, grupos focaise entrevistas em profundidade. Por meio dessa análise, buscaremos contribuir paraa reflexão acerca de políticas que possam reduzir os danos que tanto a percepção doconsumo quanto o próprio consumo dessas substâncias potencialmente podem causaràs comunidades das instituições de ensino superior, o que inclui discutirmos em quemedida as prenoções relativas às drogas, sobretudo ilícitas, assim como o uso dessassubstâncias podem afetar a qualidade do convívio nessa comunidade.
El supermercado: un escenario de comercio para inventar el trabajo y el consumo
Authors: González Ortiz Felipe
Published: February 2018

Se hace el análisis del trabajo y el consumo en el supermercado, espacio o arena desde el que se configuran relaciones. A partir de las trayectorias de las mercancías y los trabajadores, se definen las formas económicas y culturales que configuran la oferta y la demanda. Se abordan las formas de segmentación de la oferta en función de la demanda, las formas de movilidad de mercancías en un sistema que se inscribe en lo global y lo local, y las maneras singulares de organizar las relaciones laborales para optimizar la misión de este tipo de comercio: realizar ventas al menudeo.
Redes de relações pessoais e prática empresarial: um estudo sobre as empresas de comunicação e a política no Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Rios Petrarca Fernanda
Published: February 2018

Este artigo analisa o papel das redes de relações entre empresários da comunicação e a política no Rio Grande do Sul. A partir do estudo de caso de duas empresas de comunicação do estado, identificamos um conjunto de mudanças sociais e políticas que conduziram a uma diversificação nas formas de relação entre o empresariado e a política. Por um lado, o período de ascensão da empresa Caldas Júnior representa um momento em que a base das relações entre o empresariado ocorria por meio dos vínculos diretos com o Estado. Por outro, o momento de ascensão da empresa Rede Brasil Sul (RBS) ocorre em um contexto em que as relações com a esfera política haviam se diversificado e com isso era preciso ampliar as redes de relações. Com base nisso, foi possível identificar as transformações nos mecanismos de acesso à política e as redes de relações que fundamentam as práticas dos empresários.
Response to Raymond Saner and Lichia Yiu's Paper: Porous Boundaries and Power Politics
Authors: Farrands Rob
Published: February 2018

This review starts by addressing the style of this particular account and makes a plea for objective third-person theorising to be supplemented by rich textured descriptions of what the consultants are actually doing. This describing should also aim to bring into the story the presence of the consultants with their personal needs, biases, and experiences so that subjectivity can be critically embraced. Drawing on examples from ethnography, as well as other Gestalt authors, Rob argues that such an approach may be particularly appropriate to providing an account of interventions in large, complex systems where understanding can only be very partial. Such an approach may be further enriched by adopting other ways of understanding something about these systems such as drama or video.

Rob goes on to suggest that the “porous boundaries” that form the key idea in Raymond Saner and Lichia Yiu's paper may be addressed by approaches that aim to build affiliation within task groups. He concludes by offering the notion of “dusting off Max Weber” and his idealised bureaucrat as a figure who might provide a useful model for the organization development (OD) consultant in a globally politicised environment and expresses a preference for this over Raymond and Lichia's idea of the OD consultant as a politician.
Generalization of the Annuity Factor
Authors: Wilde Joerg
Published: February 2018

The well-known Annuity Factor, restricted to constant payments only, can be generalized for time dependent payments. A Generalized Annuity Factor (GAF) broadens the application potential considerably as is shown exemplarily for the valuation of loans and pension obligations. For the first time for such linear and nonlinear payments over time, compressed closed-form formulae for important financial key numbers such as present value, duration, convexity or value at risk can be derived. Moreover, easy computation makes General Annuity Factors a useful valuation tool especially in the field of finance and accounting. As General Annuity Factors can be implemented as User Defined Functions in a spreadsheet program, calculations can also be done in smaller firms or public services. Because of its computational efficiency the new instrument is also suitable for far-sighted economical models such as Asset Liability Management models (ALM) or life-cycle valuation models concerning products or investments.
Improving Business Student Writing – A Ten-Step Model
Authors: Caldwell Cam , Al-Ajmi Noof Jasim Hamdan
Published: February 2018

The ability to write effectively has been widely acknowledged as a consistent problem of business graduates – even at the best colleges and universities where English is the native language of the students. This paper identifies the challenges facing business students in becoming effective writers and identifies a model for improving business student writing which business schools at colleges and universities can apply.Objective: The purposes of this paper are to address the problem of ineffective business student writing and to suggest a ten-step model for colleges and universities to implement as they seek to improve the quality of their business graduates’ writing skills. We begin by briefly summarizing the writing limitations of many business school graduates, citing examples from the scholarly literature and feedback from employers. After identifying key issues in effective writing identified by scholars, we then present ten specific components of a model for improving business writing skills and explain how each of those components fits within a comprehensive program to improve business writing. We conclude this paper with a challenge to business faculty, department chairs, and deans to raise the bar by incorporating this ten-step model for the benefit of their own students and for those students’ future employers.Method: This is a conceptual paper that examines and integrates the academic literature with concepts related to improving business student graduate skills, particularly related to their ineffective writing abilities. Results: The paper identifies ten specific steps that can be applied as part of a holistic program to remediate ineffective student writing for business school students.Conclusion: Business schools have long been ineffective in preparing their graduates to write effectively. This ten-step model presents a resource to enable business faculty and administrators to honor their obligation to their students, future employers, and society.
A Systematic Review: Using Habits of Mind to Improve Student’s thinking in Class
Authors: Alhamlan Suad , Aljasser Haya , Almajed Asma , Almansour Haila , Alahmad Nidhal
Published: February 2018

This review article aims to explore how habits of mind as the concept defined under the recent Framework for Success in Postsecondary Writing contributes to the development of critical thinking in the classroom. The application of a systematic review and a meta-analysis approach allows investigating the selected habits of mind and comparing them to the externally verified critical thinking skills using a multiple regression with a variation methodology. Study results suggest that the available literature does not provide a comprehensive analysis of the problem due to the variations in explanatory values of the variables selected; though, it justifies the instructional leadership approach that should be fulfilled by the educators striving to deploy the Framework in their educational environment. The review suggests using a fieldwork approach as the next step of the mentioned Framework evaluation.
Does Foreign Direct Investment Lead to Economic Growth? Evidences from Asian Developing Countries
Authors: Ali Najaf , Mingque Ye
Published: February 2018

The study about the interrelationship between FDI and economic growth in the host country is one of the hottest discussions. Some of the studies have evidence and consider FDI as the growth driver and some others don’t. This study attempted to scrutinize the causal association of FDI with GDP in Indonesia, India, Malaysia and Bangladesh for the years of 1990 to 2014. Cointegration test has been applied in this study which shows that there is a long-term interrelationship within FDI and economic growth and then applied the Granger causality (GC) test which is based on the VECM. The short run results show that there are no evidence of causality direction from FDI to GDP and vice versa, whereas the long run results show that there is a positive impact of FDI and other variables to the GDP but not significant, and from GDP and other variables to FDI there is a negative interrelationship but significant. The results show the ambiguous interrelationship between FDI and economic growth.
DETERMINATION RESULT OF LEAD IN ANIMALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES
Authors: Ts Javzandolgor , Ch Buyantogtokh , S Bolorchuluun , B Bilguun , Ya Ganbold , Naitou Hirotaka , Toshiki Kosuke
Published: February 2018

Due to negligent use and disposal of lead containing sources including acid and alkali batteries with lead conductor, vehicle accumulators in last years, environment has been polluted greatly and it becomes the cause of animal poisoning. Heavy metals are dangerous because of their persistence and toxicity. Soil behaves as a sink of heavy metals by aerial deposition of particles emitted by human activities. The aims of this work were to identify the levels of lead in accumulator processing plant and city areas and animals. A total of 60 blood samples were collected in the vicinity of Ulaanbaatar and measured lead concentrations using equipment LeadCare II. Detection limit of LeadCare II for blood lead concentration ranges between 3.3 and 65 μg/dl. Measurements were made in three replicates using the samples, which were diluted by 10 to 100 fold and about 180 units of analysis was carried out. According to our study lead concentration in blood from livestock populations in the vicinity of Khonkhor lake, Nalaikh district is greater up to 52.9 ppm and the concentration in the soil around the factories is 30 fold higher. High lead content were found in soil and livestock animal blood samples of accumulator processing plant, which have correlated positively between them. But lead concentration in the blood sample from animals, which in areas might be free from lead pollution, was higher than acceptable level. In further studies on contamination resources are required.
ANTI-CANCER EFFECT OF PLANTAGO DEPRESSA ETHANOLIC EXTRACT IN B16F10 SKIN CANCER CELLS
Authors: Ay N V , Kh Altantsetseg , V Enkhchimeg , O Baatartsogt
Published: February 2018

Plantago depressa Willd. is a distributed herb which traditionally used for treating wound, fever, cancer and inflammation in some temperate asian countries. This present study aimed to investigate the anti-cancer activity of ethanol extract of Plantago depressa Willd. plant on B16F10 skin cancer cells. Cells were treated with different concentration of the PDE (25, 50, 100, 200 μg/mL) with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation to evaluate its effect on cell viability. Furthermore, anti-cancer activity was evaluated by checking viability of B16F10 skin cancer cells in various concentration of the PDE extract (0.6, 1.2, 2.5 and 5 μg/mL), using CCK-8 assay. The results indicated that (i) the PDE treatment did not influence on cell viability of HaCaT skin normal cells dose-dependently; and (ii) PDE exhibits anti-cancer activity through inhibition of proliferation of B16F10 skin cancer cells.
OPPORTUNITIES TO INTEGRATE GREEN ECONOMY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ASPECTS INTO POLICY PLANNING, MONITORING AND EVALUATION PROCESSES IN MONGOLIA
Authors: Gonchigsumlaa Ganzorig
Published: February 2018

‘Sustainable Development’ becomes core strategic thinking of development agenda in last three decades and recently the ‘Green Economy’ terminology becomes the only tool to achieve it. Both terminologies are not well understood not only among conventional citizens but also among scientists. Sustainable Development is well defined but not the Green Economy. Hence, policy makers face serious challenges to convert the vague concept of Green Economy in the planning processes. The paper investigates the level of knowledge of both terminologies from policy makers and monitoring and evaluation officials of government organizations in Mongolia. A survey was conducted among 267 officials including 157 planners and 110 monitoring and evaluation officials in 2014. The result shows that the most of the planners, and monitoring and evaluation officials view that the ‘Green Economy’ is an environmentally friendly economies. However, important two aspects of the Green Economy misunderstood or never taken into account, which are improving human well-being and social equity. Planners’ understanding of Sustainable Development and Green Economy is better than the monitoring and evaluation officials. The author recommend that to improve the knowledge of the Green Economy and its diverse terminologies among planners and monitoring and evaluation officials.
ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL CONDITIONS OF EFFICIENCY AND DURABILITY OF ROAD TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES
Authors: Hartenberger-Liszek Joanna
Published: February 2018

Market activities of road transport companies are described by the financial value of their transport services, which form the basis for economic and financial assessment. Crucial in this assessment are the factors affecting the efficiency and durability of enterprises. Based on prime cost, sales revenue, and basic economic quantities, a set of indicators of effective management of financial resources, property resources, and work can be created.
Hurricane Response: Cooperation is Critical to Recovery Efforts
Authors: Deslauriers Sarah A.
Published: February 2018

The 2017 hurricane season was unusually active, challenging water and wastewater utilities, and emphasizing the need to understand what resources other utilities, agencies, and entities have to support emergency response.
Detect Leaks and Conserve Water with Ami
Authors: Sprague Mark , Dan Pinney
Published: February 2018

To help meet mandatory water restrictions, a California utility opted for advanced metering infrastructure to hit its water reduction targets and educate its customers about their water use.
Effects of some Biological Covariates on the Probability of First Recurrence of Malaria following Treatment with Artemisinin Combination Therapy
Authors: Kum Cletus Kwa , Thorburn Daniel , Ghilagaber Gebrenegus , Björkman Anders , Gil JosÃ© Pedro
Published: February 2018

Many investigations have shown that artemisinin-based combination therapies are effective in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria and that they do not increase parasite resistance to treatment as much as treatment with single substance. We study the relation between some biological covariates and the time to first recurrence of malaria for children treated for malaria in a clinical trial. One group received artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and the other only sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. We consider the event malaria-free for the first 42 (and 84) days. We use logistic regression models for the analyses. The main results show that the probability of no recurrence is higher if the parasite density in the blood is high. The results are inconclusive for other explanatory biological variables. The infecting parasites having genes that indicate resistance, gave different results at the two different treatment centres. There was no appreciable difference in the effects of treatment over the two follow-up periods and these treatments do not have any effect on the probability of a recurrence
Rehabilitation of torture survivors and prevention of torture: Priorities for research through a modified Delphi Study (with Commentaries)
Authors: Pérez-Sales Pau , Witcombe Nicola , Otero Oyague Diego
Published: February 2018

Background: Research is a key element in prevention and in ensuring that survivors of torture have access to appropriate and effective rehabilitation, but it is often neglected as more pressing issues frequently come first.Click on PDF to see full abstract.
Tortured Logic: Information and brutality in interrogations (with debate)
Authors: Schiemann John W.
Published: February 2018

Background: Pragmatic arguments for interrogational torture rest on thetwin assumptions that torture generates reliable information and that torture can be controlled and limited.Click on pdf for full abstract.
Presence and Absence Redux: Indian Art in the 1990s
Authors: Rice Ryan
Published: February 2018

Les années 1990 sont une décennie cruciale pour l’avancement et le positionnement de l’art et de l’autonomie autochtones dans les récits dominants des états ayant subi la colonisation. Cet article reprend l’exposé des faits de cette période avec des détails fort nécessaires. Pensé comme une historiographie, il propose d’explorer chronologiquement comment les conservateurs et les artistes autochtones, et leurs alliés, ont répondu et réagi à des moments clés des mesures coloniales et les interventions qu’elles ont suscitées du point de vue politique, artistique, muséologique et du commissariat d’expositions. À la lumière du 150e anniversaire de la Confédération canadienne, et quinze ans après la présentation de la communication originale au colloque, Mondialisation et postcolonialisme : Définitions de la culture visuelle V, du Musée d’art contemporain de Montréal, il reste urgent de faire une analyse critique des préoccupations contemporaines plus vastes, relatives à la mise en contexte et à la réconciliation de l’histoire de l’art autochtone sous-représentée.
Peut-on favoriser l’inclusion sociale des jeunes par l’utilisation des médias sociaux?
Authors: Normand Claude L. , Rodier Stéphane , Lussier-Desrochers Dany , Giguère Laura
Published: February 2018

Les jeunes présentant une déficience intellectuelle (DI) vivent souvent de l’exclusion sociale. Ils semblent avoir un réseau d’amis très restreint, surtout à la fin de leur scolarisation. Or, l’utilisation des technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC), et notamment celle des médias sociaux, favorise la participation sociale et le développement de liens familiaux ou amicaux. Les jeunes qui présentent une DI profitent-ils de cette technologie? Les TIC permettent-elles à ces jeunes de bénéficier d’un meilleur réseau de soutien personnel et social? Cette recension des écrits tente de répondre à cette question, et révèle que : 1) les TIC ne sont pas accessibles pour tous; et 2) l’utilisation des médias sociaux augmente les risques d’abus et de cybervictimisation.
Wilms Tumor 1b defines a wound-specific sheath cell subpopulation associated with notochord repair
Authors: Lopez-Baez Juan Carlos , Simpson Daniel J , LLeras Forero Laura , Zeng Zhiqiang , Brunsdon Hannah , Salzano Angela , Brombin Alessandro , Wyatt Cameron , Rybski Witold , Huitema Leonie F A , Dale Rodney M , Kawakami Koichi , Englert Christoph , Chandra Tamir , Schulte-Merker Stefan , Hastie Nicholas D , Patton E Elizabeth
Published: February 2018

Regenerative therapy for degenerative spine disorders requires the identification of cells that can slow down and possibly reverse degenerative processes. Here, we identify an unanticipated wound-specific notochord sheath cell subpopulation that expresses Wilms Tumor (WT) 1b following injury in zebrafish. We show that localized damage leads to Wt1b expression in sheath cells, and that wt1b+cells migrate into the wound to form a stopper-like structure, likely to maintain structural integrity. Wt1b+sheath cells are distinct in expressing cartilage and vacuolar genes, and in repressing a Wt1b-p53 transcriptional programme. At the wound, wt1b+and entpd5+ cells constitute separate, tightly-associated subpopulations. Surprisingly, wt1b expression at the site of injury is maintained even into adult stages in developing vertebrae, which form in an untypical manner via a cartilage intermediate. Given that notochord cells are retained in adult intervertebral discs, the identification of novel subpopulations may have important implications for regenerative spine disorder treatments.
Hypocretin underlies the evolution of sleep loss in the Mexican cavefish
Authors: Jaggard James B , Stahl Bethany A , Lloyd Evan , Prober David A , Duboue Erik R , Keene Alex C
Published: February 2018

The duration of sleep varies dramatically between species, yet little is known about the genetic basis or evolutionary factors driving this variation in behavior. The Mexican cavefish, Astyanax mexicanus, exists as surface populations that inhabit rivers, and multiple cave populations with convergent evolution on sleep loss. The number of Hypocretin/Orexin (HCRT)-positive hypothalamic neurons is increased significantly in cavefish, and HCRT is upregulated at both the transcript and protein levels. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of HCRT signaling increases sleep in cavefish, suggesting enhanced HCRT signaling underlies the evolution of sleep loss. Ablation of the lateral line or starvation, manipulations that selectively promote sleep in cavefish, inhibit hcrt expression in cavefish while having little effect on surface fish. These findings provide the first evidence of genetic and neuronal changes that contribute to the evolution of sleep loss, and support a conserved role for HCRT in sleep regulation.
Phase Field Model of Hydraulic Fracturing in Poroelastic Media: Fracture Propagation, Arrest, and Branching Under Fluid Injection and Extraction
Authors: Santillán David , Juanes Ruben , Cueto‐Felgueroso Luis
Published: February 2018

The simulation of fluid‐driven fracture propagation in a porous medium is a major computational challenge, with applications in geosciences and engineering. The two main families of modeling approaches are those models that represent fractures as explicit discontinuities and solve the moving boundary problem and those that represent fractures as thin damaged zones, solving a continuum problem throughout. The latter family includes the so‐called phase field models. Continuum approaches to fracture face validation and verification challenges, in particular grid convergence, well posedness, and physical relevance in practical scenarios. Here we propose a new quasi‐static phase field formulation. The approach fully couples fluid flow in the fracture with deformation and flow in the porous medium, discretizes flow in the fracture on a lower‐dimension manifold, and employs the fluid flux between the fracture and the porous solid as coupling variable. We present a numerical assessment of the model by studying the propagation of a fracture in the quarter five‐spot configuration. We study the interplay between injection flow rate and rock properties and elucidate fracture propagation patterns under the leak‐off toughness dominated regime as a function of injection rate, initial fracture length, and poromechanical properties. For the considered injection scenario, we show that the final fracture length depends on the injection rate, and three distinct patterns are observed. We also rationalize the system response using dimensional analysis to collapse the model results. Finally, we propose some simplifications that alleviate the computational cost of the simulations without significant loss of accuracy.
Change in Intensity and Frequency of Extreme Precipitation and its Possible Teleconnection With Large‐Scale Climate Index Over the China From 1960 to 2015
Authors: Deng Yue , Jiang Weiguo , He Bin , Chen Zheng , Jia Kai
Published: February 2018

Understanding the change in intensity and frequency of extreme precipitation plays an important role in flood risk mitigation and water resource management in China. In this study, we analyzed the abrupt changes and long‐term trends in extreme precipitation intensity and frequency over China from 1960 to 2015 based on daily precipitation from stations. The possible teleconnection with large‐scale climate index was also been investigated. The major results are as follows: (1) 14.72% and 23.51% of all the stations over China have a change point in intensity and frequency, respectively. Moreover, most of change points occurred after 1975. (2) Extreme precipitation intensity and frequency show similar significant change trends, with a decreasing trend along the strip extending the northeast to southwest direction and an increasing trend in the two sides of the strip; 56.44% and 66.23% of all the stations shows the increasing trends in intensity and frequency. (3) Large‐scale climate indices have more influences on frequency rather than intensity. Especially, Dipole Mode Index with 1 year ahead has significantly positive correlation with extreme precipitation frequency in most areas of China, except for South China.
Maximum and Minimum Soil Surface Temperature Trends Over China, 1965–2014
Authors: Wang Lei , Henderson Mark , Liu Binhui , Shen Xiangjin , Chen Xiangwei , Lian Luyao , Zhou Daowei
Published: February 2018

Minimum and maximum soil surface temperatures have shown significant warming trends since the midtwentieth century in China, with minimum temperatures rising at a faster pace than maximums, resulting in a decrease in the soil surface diurnal temperature range. Similar to air temperature, these changes demonstrate spatial coherence, with regions at higher latitudes experiencing relatively more change. While increases in air temperatures in China slowed after 1998, paralleling the global “warming hiatus,” soil temperatures at the surface and in shallow layers have continued to rise across China. The increases in soil surface temperatures are fastest at night since 1998, reducing the soil surface diurnal temperature range. Thus, we find that while the decrease in the diurnal air temperature range mainly happened during the earlier “dimming” period ending around 1988, the decrease in the diurnal soil surface temperature range is detectable only during the renewed dimming period after 1998. This has caused soil temperatures at the surface and in shallow layers to diverge from air temperatures since 1998. Although changes in soil temperatures were associated with changes in air temperature, the patterns of change are different. Calculations using only nonurban stations show similar warming rates, indicating that the effects of urbanization are small.
Decoupling the Effects of Transport and Chemical Loss on Tropospheric Composition: A Model Study of Path‐Dependent Lifetimes
Authors: Yang Huang , Waugh Darryn W. , Holzer Mark
Published: February 2018

The distribution of most trace species within the troposphere depends on a complex interplay between chemistry and transport. Holzer and Waugh (2015) introduced the concept of a path‐dependent lifetime τc(r), that parameterizes the integrated chemical loss during transport from the source to a given location r. Here we examine whether this parameterization provides a new approach for decoupling transport and chemistry. We present calculations of path‐dependent lifetimes for a suite of chlorofluorocarbon replacement gases in a simple 12‐box model and show that for trace species with global lifetimes from 0.5 years to 50 years τc provides an accurate representation of the integrated chemical loss during transport. The value of τc is shown to be sensitive to tropical hydroxyl radical (OH) concentrations, with much weaker sensitivity to extratropical OH or transport. Furthermore, fractional changes in Southern Hemisphere extratropical τc are similar to the corresponding fractional changes in tropical OH; that is, a 10% increase in tropical OH results in a 10% decrease in τc. This suggests that observation‐based estimates of τc may be used to constrain tropical OH concentrations provided that τc can be determined with sufficient precision.
Meteoric Metal Chemistry in the Martian Atmosphere
Authors: Plane J. M. C. , Carrillo‐Sanchez J. D. , Mangan T. P. , Crismani M. M. J. , Schneider N. M. , Määttänen A.
Published: February 2018

Recent measurements by the Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph (IUVS) instrument on NASA's Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN mission show that a persistent layer of Mg+ ions occurs around 90 km in the Martian atmosphere but that neutral Mg atoms are not detectable. These observations can be satisfactorily modeled with a global meteoric ablation rate of 0.06 t sol−1, out of a cosmic dust input of 2.7 ± 1.6 t sol−1. The absence of detectable Mg at 90 km requires that at least 50% of the ablating Mg atoms ionize through hyperthermal collisions with CO2 molecules. Dissociative recombination of MgO+.(CO2)n cluster ions with electrons to produce MgCO3 directly, rather than MgO, also avoids a buildup of Mg to detectable levels. The meteoric injection rate of Mg, Fe, and other metals—constrained by the IUVS measurements—enables the production rate of metal carbonate molecules (principally MgCO3 and FeCO3) to be determined. These molecules have very large electric dipole moments (11.6 and 9.2 Debye, respectively) and thus form clusters with up to six H2O molecules at temperatures below 150 K. These clusters should then coagulate efficiently, building up metal carbonate‐rich ice particles which can act as nucleating particles for the formation of CO2‐ice clouds. Observable mesospheric clouds are predicted to occur between 65 and 80 km at temperatures below 95 K and above 85 km at temperatures about 5 K colder.
Is Rheumatoid Arthritis a Cardiovascular Risk‐Equivalent to Diabetes Mellitus?
Authors: Curtis Jeffrey R. , Yang Shuo , Singh Jasvinder A. , Xie Fenglong , Chen Lang , Yun Huifeng , Muntner Paul , Kent Shia T. , Levitan Emily B. , Safford Monika M. , Saag Kenneth G. , Zhang Jie
Published: February 2018

Objective

The 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association cholesterol treatment guidelines recommend statins for patients with diabetes mellitus ages 40–75 years due to their elevated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We compared the incidence of hospitalized acute myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and coronary revascularization according to whether patients had diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), both, or neither.

Methods

Using 2006–2010 private and public health plan claims, we identified 4 mutually exclusive retrospective cohorts ages >40 years: patients with RA and diabetes mellitus, RA only, diabetes mellitus only, or neither condition. Patients with prevalent CVD were excluded. Outcomes included acute MI and stroke, identified from inpatient discharge diagnosis codes, and coronary revascularization from procedure codes. Across the 4 cohorts, we calculated incidence rates (IRs) of the outcomes, standardized to the 2010 US census age and sex distribution.

Results

We identified 920,772 eligible participants. The age‐ and sex‐standardized IRs (per 1,000 person‐years) for MI were highest among patients with RA and diabetes mellitus (IR 12.6 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 10.7–14.7]), followed by patients with diabetes mellitus only (IR 10.7 [95% CI 10.3–11.0]), RA only (IR 5.7 [95% CI 5.2–6.3]), and with neither condition (IR 4.2 [95% CI 4.1–4.3]).

Conclusion

Findings from the present study suggest that while CVD risk in RA is elevated, it is lower in magnitude compared to the CVD risk associated with diabetes mellitus. Therefore, considering RA a diabetes mellitus risk‐equivalent with respect to hyperlipidemia management may not be appropriate.
Inhibition and Enhancement of Quantized, Interference‐Driven, Ultrafast‐Laser Cleaving, and Intrafilm Ejection with Angle and Polarization Control
Authors: Roper David M. , Ho Stephen , Haque Moez , Jha Prasoon , Herman Peter R.
Published: February 2018

The combination of optical interference and ultrafast laser interaction within microscale transparent films offers novel high resolution means for nonlinear confinement of dissipated energy to facilitate 3D nanostructuring. This approach relies on the formation of nanoscale (≈40 nm) plasma disks stacked on half‐wavelength spacings, λ/2nfilm (film refractive index, nfilm), opening directions for intrafilm cleaving and nanostructuring of free‐standing blisters or embedded nanocavities with controllable surface topography. Given a limited number of film‐substrate systems suitable for generating high contrast interference fringes, this paper introduces angle and polarization control to manipulate fringe visibility in SiOx thin‐films (1 µm thickness) with silicon substrates. An enhancement or diminishment of quantized intrafilm processing is definitively demonstrated according to s‐ and p‐polarization states, respectively. Modeling of Gaussian beam walk‐off effects further explores film interference in tight focusing limits, predicting new asymmetry that manipulates intrafilm cleaving morphology. This research opens a path to quantized structuring of previously unsuitable low‐contrast thin‐film systems, while improving the design and control over novel surface and intrafilm morphologies. The development of intrafilm structuring in SiOx thin‐films is relevant to lab‐in‐film opportunities for assessing cell or subcellular species in CMOS‐compatible microelectronics and improving functionality of LED, lab‐on‐a‐chip and MEMS devices.
Hedgehog Inspired CuO Nanowires/Cu2O Composites for Broadband Visible‐Light‐Driven Recyclable Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering
Authors: Xu Kaichen , Yan Huangping , Tan Chuan Fu , Lu Yuyao , Li Yang , Ho Ghim Wei , Ji Rong , Hong Minghui
Published: February 2018

Self‐cleanable surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy affords a promising route toward environment‐friendly biosensors for point‐of‐care diagnostics. It is of great importance to develop recyclable SERS substrates driven by a photocatalytic decomposition process, especially in the visible range. In this work, inspired by the hedgehog‐like structures, a broadband visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic SERS platform with the CuO nanowires (NWs)/Cu2O hetero‐nanostructures as the backbone is demonstrated. Via employing the approach of nanosecond laser ablation on Cu sheet coupled with subsequent thermal oxidation, the formed hedgehog‐like, high‐density, and dual‐scale micro/nanostructures not only demonstrate enhanced broadband visible‐light‐absorption capability even extended to the near infrared range but also exhibit boosted interfacial adhesion with favorable stability. Such phenomena imply that the binary oxidized Cu composites decorated with metallic nanoparticles can serve as high‐performance SERS substrates with superior recyclability. Under the visible light illumination, the as‐fabricated ternary Ag/CuO NWs/Cu2O composites can be self‐cleaned by photocatalytic degradation of adsorbates, thus leading to recyclable SERS substrates, which can preserve more than 85% SERS activity after seven cycles' measurement. These results pave a new path to realize reusable SERS substrates in the applications of remote and resource‐limited environments toward next‐generation green biosensors.