bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXPERIÊNCIAS DE MULHERES ACERCA DOS CUIDADOS OBSTÉTRICOS RECEBIDOS DURANTE A PARTURIÇÃO: abordagem transcultural
Authors: Jameson Moreira Belém  , Emanuelly Vieira Pereira  , Antonio Rodrigues Ferreira Júnior  , Maria Rocineide Ferreira da Silva  , Glauberto da Silva Quirino
Published: January 2023

Introdução: as experiências em torno da parturição apresentam significações heterogêneas em contextos culturais diversos. Objetivo: descrever experiências culturais de mulheres acerca dos cuidados obstétricos recebidos no parto. Materiais e métodos: pesquisa qualitativa conduzida pela etnoenfermagem, com 13 informantes-chave em maternidade pública localizada no estado do Ceará, Brasil. Adotou-se para coleta de dados o capacitador Observação–Participação–Reflexão com registro das observações em diário de campo e entrevistas individuais. O processo de imersão no campo durou cinco meses. O material empírico foi submetido aos procedimentos do guia de análise de dados da etnoenfermagem. Resultados: a partir da realidade empírica expressa no cenário cultural e do ponto de vista das informantes, apreendeu-se seis temas culturais que contemplaram significados atribuídos à maternidade, via de parto, dieta, exames vaginais, acompanhantes e cuidados recebidos durante a parturição. Conclusões: o ambiente institucional hostil, as práticas obstétricas proscritas e a heteronomia no cuidado constituíram cerne do padecimento das parturientes.
CONSUMO DE MEDICAMENTOS DURANTE A PANDEMIA DA COVID-19
Authors: Squinca Mariana , Gonçalves Arcuri Ana Flávia , Raposo Pereira Júlia Thaynara , De Oliveira Ribeiro Thais , Marini Danyelle Cristine
Published: January 2023

INTRODUÇÃO: O início da pandemia do covid-19 implicou isolamento social, o que dificultou o acesso a serviços de saúde, o que poderia gerar aumento de consumo de medicamentos, por conta própria ou prescrição médica. Ressalta-se também a influência de propagandas popularizando medicamentos sem eficácia comprovada.

OBJETIVO: O presente estudo analisou se ocorreu maior frequência do uso de medicamentos durante o isolamento social, correlacionando o fato com fatores como idade, sexo, classes medicamentosas, aumento da posologia dos fármacos e consumo com ou sem indicação.

3 .MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da UNIFAE, CAAE 36933020.7.0000.5382. Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal realizada através de um questionário no Google Forms, com questões abertas e fechadas. Para verificação de dados foram utilizadas ferramentas de análises estatísticas descritivas.

RESULTADOS: Foram analisadas 566 respostas do questionário, foi constatado que 49,82% dos participantes utilizam medicamentos de uso contínuo, das quais 19,85% necessitaram aumentar dose. Ademais, 57,06 % dos participantes relataram uso de algum outro tipo de medicamento durante a pandemia, sendo estes 74,6 % analgésicos, 48,91% vitaminas, 48,29% antitérmicos, 42,72% anti-inflamatórios, 24,76% antidepressivos e ansiolíticos, 17,95% antibióticos, 16,71% ivermectina, 4,02% nitazoxanida e 1,54%  cloroquina.

CONCLUSÕES: Conclui-se, portanto, que as principais classes de medicamentos utilizadas foram os analgésicos, antitérmicos e vitaminas, com aumento na frequência de consumo. Tal utilização emergiu do intuito de reforçar o sistema imunológico, tratar sintomas febris, e tratar queixas relacionadas a dores, mesmo sem prescrição médica.
EXPEDIENTE RAS V. 20,n.72
Authors: USCS Admin
Published: January 2023

Expediente
Service Use Patterns by Children With Down Syndrome in a Canadian Region
Authors: McLennan John D. , Fulford Casey , Hrycko Sophia , Cobigo Virginie , Tahir Munazza
Published: January 2023

Children with Down syndrome require services from different sectors over time to optimize health and development, however, there is little information on longitudinal, cross-sector service use. Parents of children with Down syndrome attending a Canadian children's hospital participated in semistructured interviews covering life-time multiple sector service use. Five key service patterns were identified: (1) primary care physicians playing a circumscribed role; (2) a marked shift in public habilitative service receipt from development agencies in the preschool years to exclusive school delivery after school entry; (3) families obtaining private services to address gaps from public sector services; (4) a prominent role for parents to identify additional services; and (5) service variability as a function of timing and severity of medical comorbidity.
Boosting few-shot confocal endomicroscopy image recognition with feature-level MixSiam
Authors: Zhou Jingjun , Dong Xiangjiang , Liu Qian
Published: January 2023

As an emerging early diagnostic technology for gastrointestinal diseases, confocal laser endomicroscopy lacks large-scale perfect annotated data, leading to a major challenge in learning discriminative semantic features. So, how should we learn representations without labels or a few labels? In this paper, we proposed a feature-level MixSiam method based on the traditional Siamese network that learns the discriminative features of probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) images for gastrointestinal (GI) tumor classification. The proposed method is divided into two stages: self-supervised learning (SSL) and few-shot learning (FS). First, in the self-supervised learning stage, the novel feature-level-based feature mixing approach introduced more task-relevant information via regularization, facilitating the traditional Siamese structure can adapt to the large intra-class variance of the pCLE dataset. Then, in the few-shot learning stage, we adopted the pre-trained model obtained through self-supervised learning as the base learner in the few-shot learning pipeline, enabling the feature extractor to learn richer and more transferable visual representations for rapid generalization to other pCLE classification tasks when labeled data are limited. On two disjoint pCLE gastrointestinal image datasets, the proposed method is evaluated. With the linear evaluation protocol, feature-level MixSiam outperforms the baseline by 6% (Top-1) and the supervised model by 2% (Top1), which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed feature-level-based feature mixing method. Furthermore, the proposed method outperforms the previous baseline method for the few-shot classification task, which can help improve the classification of pCLE images lacking large-scale annotated data for different stages of tumor development.
Trend and risk factors of fatal pregnancy termination: A long-term nationwide population-based cross-section survey in Bangladesh
Authors: Das Shathi , Das Jui , Mazumder Kamanasis , Roy Palash , Begum Rehana , Das Sumon Kumar
Published: January 2023

Background

Pregnant women often experience the fatal outcome of their pregnancy both in developed and impoverished countries. Due to strong health systems and services, factual and historical data are available from developed countries. However, the prevalence trend and risk factors of a fatal termination of pregnancy in developing countries like Bangladesh are still lacking.

Objective

The objective of the current study was to determine the 20 years trend of prevalence and risk factors of fatal pregnancy termination from 1997 to 2018 in Bangladesh.

Method

This study utilised the publicly available seven consecutive cross-data on Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys data since 1997 following identical methods among women of reproductive age. Respondent was asked if they had had a fatal pregnancy termination ever. A Generalised Linear model with a log-Poisson link was used to estimate the relative risk of different predictors for four survey time points (1998, 2004, 2011, 2018).

Results

The proportions of fatal pregnancy termination in urban and rural areas were 24% vs. 19% and 24% vs. 22% in 1997 and 2018, respectively. In multivariable analysis, maternal age 30 years and above and obesity were strongly associated in all survey time points. The richest wealth index had a weak association in 1997 but was strongly associated in 2011 and 2018. A significant modest association with secondary complete education level was only observed in 2018.

Conclusion

The overall proportions of fatal pregnancy termination in Bangladesh remain nearly static; however, its risk factors differed across different survey time points.
Risk factors for nursing home admission among older adults: Analysis of basic movements and activities of daily living
Authors: Sagari Akira , Tabira Takayuki , Maruta Michio , Tanaka Koji , Iso Naoki , Okabe Takuhiro , Han Gwanghee , Kawagoe Masahiro
Published: January 2023

This retrospective study aimed to clarify the risk of older adults’ nursing home placement in terms of basic movements and activities of daily living (ADLs) by analyzing data from a long-term care insurance certification survey in 2016‒2018 in City A. Of the 21,520 people certified as needing care, 16,865 could be followed up until 2018. Data on sex, age, household structure, and level of care required were obtained. Those who lived at home and at nursing homes were categorized as the “Unchanged group” and the “Changed group,” respectively. Multivariate binomial logistic regression analysis was performed, with group type as the dependent variable and basic movement and ADL scores as the independent variables. For factor analysis according to care level, participants were classified into support need levels 1 and 2, care need levels 1 and 2, and care need levels 3, 4, and 5. For those categorized into support need levels 1 and 2, standing on one leg and transferring (basic movements) and urination and face cleaning (ADLs) were associated with nursing home placement. For those in care need levels 1 and 2, getting up and transferring (basic movements) and bathing, urination, face cleaning, and hair styling (ADL) were significantly associated with nursing home placement. For those in care need levels 3, 4, and 5, sitting and transferring (basic movements) and self-feeding and defecation (ADL) were significant. Occupational therapists must focus on older adults’ declining ADLs and basic movements and relay the necessary information to patients, families, and other healthcare professionals to ensure appropriate and prompt care delivery.
Efficacy and safety of guide extension catheter in balloon pulmonary angioplasty for treatment of complex lesions in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Takigami Masao , Nakanishi Naohiko , Tsubata Hideo , Fukai Kuniyoshi , Matsubara Yuki , Yanishi Kenji , Zen Kan , Nakamura Takeshi , Matoba Satoaki
Published: January 2023

Background

Balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) is used for treatment of inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and residual pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) to improve hemodynamics, right ventricular function, and exercise capacity. However, the effectiveness and safety of guide extension catheters for BPA treatment in patients with CTEPH have not been demonstrated.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 91 lesions in 55 sessions of 28 patients with CTEPH who underwent BPA using a guide extension catheter. The purpose (backup, coaxial, and extension), efficacy, and safety of the guide extension catheters were explored. The efficacy of the guide extension catheter was assessed based on the success of the procedures and safety was evaluated based on procedure-related complications.

Results

Regarding the intended use, a guide extension catheter was used to strengthen the backup force of the guiding catheter in 52% of cases, extend the tip of the catheter in 38% of cases, and maintain the coaxiality of the guiding catheter in 10% of cases. Procedural success was achieved in 92.7% of 55 sessions and in 95.6% of 91 lesions. Complex lesions had a lower success rate than simple lesions (p = 0.04). Regarding safety concerns, complications were observed in 5 of 55 sessions (9.1%) and 6 of 91 lesions (6.6%). Only one case of pulmonary artery dissection using a guide extension catheter was reported. Except for this one case, extension catheter-related complications were not observed.

Conclusions

A guide extension catheter can be used safely in BPA procedures with anatomically complex pulmonary artery branches and complex lesions by increasing backup support.
The association between gingivitis and oral spirochetes in young cats and dogs
Authors: Yamaki Seiya , Tachibana Masato , Hachimura Hisae , Ogawa Masao , Kanegae Shinya , Amimoto Hirokazu , Shimizu Takashi , Watanabe Kenta , Watarai Masahisa , Amimoto Akiteru
Published: January 2023

Although gingivitis frequently occurs in young cats, spirochetes are often found in the early stages of periodontal disease. This study was conducted to determine the association between gingivitis and oral spirochetes in young cats and dogs. The degree of gingivitis was evaluated in a total of 68 cats and 31 dogs under one year of age, and plaques were collected from each carnassial. To detect spirochetes orPorphyromonas gulaein plaque samples, 16S rRNA gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers. All data were analyzed using Fisher’s exact probability test and odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The prevalence of gingivitis was significantly higher in young cats (92.6%) than in young dogs (45.2%). The positive rate of spirochetes by PCR in gingivitis cases was 85.4% in young cats and 15.4% in young dogs, and the positive rate ofP.gulaewas 66.7% in young cats and 15.4% in young dogs. Both results were significantly higher in young cats than in young dogs. In young cats, spirochetes were significantly associated with gingivitis (OR = 7.95; 95% CI = 1.17, 53.83; P < 0.05), butP.gulaewas not (OR = 2.44; 95% CI = 0.38, 15.66; P = 0.23). These results suggest that spirochetes may be associated with the early stages of periodontal disease in cats.
Effect of acupuncture on patients with major psychiatric disorder and related symptoms caused by earthquake exposure: Protocol for a scoping review of clinical studies
Authors: Kwon Hui-Ju , Leem Jungtae , Kim Da-Woon , Kwon Chan-Young , Kim Sang-Ho
Published: January 2023

Earthquakes have the greatest destructive effect among all natural disasters. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and anxiety disorder (AD) are major psychiatric disorders (MPD) that can be triggered by exposure to earthquakes. Conventional treatments such as pharmacological treatments have several limitations. Acupuncture therapy as a complementary integrative medicine may be an effective alternative treatment for these limitations. This study aimed to identify the status of the clinical evidence regarding acupuncture therapy for earthquake survivors with MPD. We will follow the scoping review process as previously described. The study question is as follows: “Which types of clinical research designs, study types, study durations, adverse events, and clinical outcomes have been reported regarding acupuncture therapy for MPD in earthquake survivors?” Medline, Excerpta Medica dataBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, Scopus, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycArticles databases, and Chinese, Korean, and Japanese databases will be comprehensively searched electronically from their inception to November 2022. Data from the included studies will be collected and descriptively analyzed in relation to our research question. We will collate, synthesize, and summarize the extracted data according to the analytical framework of a scoping review. The protocol will conform with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extensions of Scoping Reviews to ensure the clarity and completeness of our reporting in the whole phase of the scoping review (Protocol registration: https://osf.io/wfru7/). The findings of this scoping review will provide fundamental data that will help researchers identify appropriate research questions and design further studies on the use of acupuncture for MPD management in earthquake survivors. These results will be helpful for developing disaster site-specific research protocols for future clinical trials on this topic.
Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli from the milk of Ettawa crossbred dairy goats in Blitar Regency, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Agatha Tweedekharis Marlin , Wibawati Prima Ayu , Izulhaq Reza Ikhza , Agustono Bodhi , Prastiya Ragil Angga , Wardhana Dhandy Koesoemo , Abdramanov Abzal , Lokapirnasari Widya Paramita , Lamid Mirni
Published: January 2023

Background and Aim: Antimicrobial resistance, especially antibiotic resistance, is one of the most severe public health challenges. Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria avoid and fight the mechanism of action of antibiotic drugs. This study aimed to determine the resistance of Escherichia coli from the milk of Ettawa crossbreed dairy goat at Blitar Regency, East Java, Indonesia, with the antibiotics streptomycin, sulfonamides, and trimethoprim.

Materials and Methods: A total of 34 milk samples of Ettawa crossbreed dairy goats were used in this study. The initial stages of this research included tests of the physical properties, isolation, and identification of E. coli. Then, the E. coli isolates were tested for antibiotic resistance using the Kirby–Bauer method.

Results: The results showed that all samples were positive for E. coli. The physical properties of milk, namely, color, odor, flavor, and consistency, were normal. The results of the alcohol test showed normal acidity, and the specific gravity of goat milk met the criteria, with an average specific gravity of 1.0295 g/mL. The results of the antibiotic resistance test showed that 4 (12%) samples were resistant to streptomycin, 5 (15%) to sulfonamide, and 3% to trimethoprim.

Conclusion: The prevalence of E. coli from Ettawa crossbreed dairy goats in Blitar Regency, East Java, Indonesia, was 100%. Furthermore, this E. coli isolate exhibited resistance to antibiotics streptomycin, sulfonamides, and trimethoprim. The use of antibiotics in the dairy goat industry in Indonesia should be controlled to prevent the spread of resistant E. coli from animals to humans through the food chain and prevent the emergence of multidrug-resistant E. coli.
Editorial v10n1
Authors: Editorial Conselho
Published: January 2023

Editorial do número 1 do volume 10 da Aniki: Revista Portuguesa da Imagem em Movimento.
Editorial
Authors: Skřejpková Petra
Published: January 2023

Editorial
The homogeneous causal action principle on a compact domain in momentum space
Authors: Finster Felix , Frankl Michelle , Langer Christoph
Published: January 2023

The homogeneous causal action principle on a compact domain
of momentum space is introduced. The connection to causal fermion systems is worked out.
Existence and compactness results are reviewed. The Euler–Lagrange equations are derived and analyzed
under suitable regularity assumptions.
A twist in sharp Sobolev inequalities with lower order remainder terms
Authors: Hebey Emmanuel
Published: January 2023

Let

(
M
,
g
)

{(M,g)}

be a smooth compact Riemannian manifold of
dimension

n
≥
3

{n\geq 3}

. Let also A be a smooth symmetrical
positive

(
0
,
2
)

{(0,2)}

-tensor field in M. By the Sobolev embedding
theorem, we can write that there exist

K
,
B

>
0

{K,B>0}

such that for
any

u
∈

H
1

⁢

(
M
)

{u\in H^{1}(M)}

,

(0.1)

∥
u
∥

L

2
⋆

2

≤

K
⁢

∥

∇
A

⁡
u

∥

L
2

2

+

B
⁢

∥
u
∥

L
1

2

\|u\|_{L^{2^{\star}}}^{2}\leq K\|\nabla_{A}u\|_{L^{2}}^{2}+B\|u\|_{L^{1}}^{2}

where

H
1

⁢

(
M
)

{H^{1}(M)}

is the standard Sobolev space of functions
in

L
2

{L^{2}}

with one derivative in

L
2

{L^{2}}

,

|

∇
A

⁡
u

|

2

=

A
⁢

(

∇
⁡
u

,

∇
⁡
u

)

{|\nabla_{A}u|^{2}=A(\nabla u,\nabla u)}

and

2
⋆

{2^{\star}}

is the critical Sobolev exponent for

H
1

{H^{1}}

. We compute in this paper the value of the best possible K in (0.1) and investigate the validity of
the corresponding sharp inequality.
Individual risk prediction of high grade prostate cancer based on the combination between total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and free to total PSA ratio
Authors: Ferraro Simona , Biganzoli Davide , Rossi Roberta Simona , Palmisano Franco , Bussetti Marco , Verzotti Enrica , Gregori Andrea , Bianchi Filippo , Maggioni Marco , Ceriotti Ferruccio , Cereda Cristina , Zuccotti Gianvincenzo , Kavsak Peter , Plebani Mario , Marano Giuseppe , Biganzoli Elia Mario
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Clinical practice guidelines endorse the stratification of prostate cancer (PCa) risk according to individual total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) values and age to enhance the individual risk-benefit ratio. We defined two nomograms to predict the individual risk of high and low grade PCa by combining the assay of tPSA and %free/tPSA (%f/tPSA) in patients with a pre-biopsy tPSA between 2 and 10 μg/L.

Methods

The study cohort consisted of 662 patients that had fPSA, tPSA, and a biopsy performed (41.3% with a final diagnosis of PCa). Logistic regression including age, tPSA and %f/tPSA was used to model the probability of having high or low grade cancer by defining 3 outcome levels: no PCa, low grade (International Society of Urological Pathology grade, ISUP<3) and high grade PCa (ISUP≥3).

Results

The nomogram identifying patients with: (a) high vs. those with low grade PCa and without the disease showed a good discriminating capability (∼80%), but the calibration showed a risk of underestimation for predictive probabilities >30% (a considerable critical threshold of risk), (b) ISUP<3 vs. those without the disease showed a discriminating capability of 63% and overestimates predictive probabilities >50%. In ISUP 5 a possible loss of PSA immunoreactivity has been observed.

Conclusions

The estimated risk of high or low grade PCa by the nomograms may be of aid in the decision-making process, in particular in the case of critical comorbidities and when the digital rectal examinations are inconclusive. The improved characterization of the risk of ISUP≥3 might enhance the use for magnetic resonance imaging in this setting.
On the membership problem for finite automata over symmetric groups
Authors: Khashaev Arthur A.
Published: January 2023

We consider automata in which transitions are labelled with arbitrary permutations. The language of such an automaton consists of compositions of permutations for all possible admissible computation paths. The membership problem for finite automata over symmetric groups is the following decision problem: does a given permutation belong to the language of a given automaton? We show that this problem is NP-complete. We also propose an efficient algorithm for the case of strongly connected automata.
On the asymptotic normality conditions for the number of repetitions in a stationary random sequence
Authors: Mikhailov Vladimir G. , Mezhennaya Natalia M. , Volgin Artem V.
Published: January 2023

We study conditions of the asymptotic normality of the number of repetitions (pairs of equal values) in a segment of strict sense stationary random sequence of values from {1, 2, …,N} satisfying the strong uniform mixing condition. It is shown that under natural conditions for the number of repetitions to be asymptotically normal as the length of the segment tends to infinity it is necessary for the stationary distribution to be different from the equiprobable one. Under additional conditions the accuracy of the normal approximation in the uniform metrics is estimated.
Groups in which the centralizer of any non-central primary element is maximal
Authors: Shao Changguo , Jiang Qinhui
Published: January 2023

We investigate the structure of finite group G in which the centralizer of each non-central primary element of G is maximal in G.
This provides an answer to the question raised in [X. Zhao, R. Chen and X. Guo, Groups in which the centralizer of any non-central element is maximal,
J. Group Theory 23 2020, 5, 871–878], and also is a generalization of the result in [A. Mann,
Finite groups with maximal normalizers,
Illinois J. Math. 12 1968, 67–75]. In particular, we give an independent criterion of simplicity of a group, asserting that a group G is simple if the centralizer of each non-central primary element is maximal in G.
The Gelfand–Kirillov dimension of Hecke–Kiselman algebras
Authors: Wiertel Magdalena
Published: January 2023

Hecke–Kiselman algebras

A
Θ

{A_{\Theta}}

, over a field

𝕂

{\mathbb{K}}

, associated to finite
oriented graphs Θ are considered. It has been known that every such algebra
is an automaton algebra in the sense of Ufranovskii. In particular, its
Gelfand–Kirillov dimension is an integer if it is finite.
In this paper, a numerical invariant of the graph Θ that determines
the dimension of

A
Θ

{A_{\Theta}}

is found.
Namely, we prove that the Gelfand–Kirillov dimension of

A
Θ

{A_{\Theta}}

is the
sum of the number of cyclic subgraphs of Θ and the number of oriented paths
of a special type in the graph, each counted certain specific number of times.
Multi-coil MRI by analytic continuation
Authors: Webber James W.
Published: January 2023

We present novel reconstruction and stability analysis methodologies for two-dimensional, multi-coil MRI, based on analytic continuation ideas.
We show that the 2-D, limited-data MRI inverse problem, whereby the missing parts of

𝐤

{\mathbf{k}}

-space (Fourier space) are lines parallel to either

k
1

{k_{1}}

or

k
2

{k_{2}}

(i.e., the

𝐤

{\mathbf{k}}

-space axis), can be reduced to a set of 1-D Fredholm type inverse problems. The Fredholm equations are then solved to recover the 2-D image on 1-D line profiles (“slice-by-slice” imaging). The technique is tested on a range of medical in vivo images (e.g., brain, spine, cardiac), and phantom data.
Our method is shown to offer optimal performance, in terms of structural similarity, when compared against similar methods from the literature, and when the

𝐤

{\mathbf{k}}

-space data is sub-sampled at random so as to simulate motion corruption. In addition, we present a Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and stability analysis of the Fredholm operators, and compare the stability properties of different

𝐤

{\mathbf{k}}

-space sub-sampling schemes (e.g., random vs uniform accelerated sampling).
Design and performance analysis of optical sequence detector using lithium niobate-based Mach–Zehnder interferometers
Authors: Subbanna Bangi Bala , Choudhary Kuldeep , Singh Sonika , Kumar Santosh
Published: January 2023

Present article suggested and proposed a new design of 4-bit optical sequence detector using an electro-optic effect by utilizing Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) based Mach–Zehnder interferometer, because of its consistency about production and stability. Suggested sequential detector is designed by OptiBPM (optical beam propagation method) software. This structure uses EO effect to alter the light upon lithium niobate optical waveguide via cross-state to bar-state and replica. Sequence detector is a sequential state machine, that extract an input string of bits and, when the targeted bit has been detected, then it gives an output as 1. In this paper the authors have focused on all-optical 4-bit sequential detector to produce the outcome as 1 when the bit sequence finds as 1101 within the given data. This all-optical device can be utilized in several optical switching and networking operations. The suggested design is replicated with MATLAB along with mathematical descriptions too and has been verified.
Factors in sound change: A quantitative analysis of palatalization in Northern Mandarin
Authors: Liu Sha
Published: January 2023

Factors in sound change are still a major subject of debate in the field of linguistics, with the frequency factor perhaps being the most controversial. The present article focuses on palatalization of the velars before high front vowels and glides in Northern Mandarin, because palatalization stretched for more than 100 years and can provide detailed information concerning its contour. Based on a statistical analysis of corpus data of palatalization in Northern Mandarin, the present article argues that the factor of frequency is positively associated with palatalization and the factor of frequency change is negatively associated. Morphosyntactic structure and word class are also claimed to be factors in sound change. However, neither of these two factors has emerged as significant in the current study.
Effect of polypyrrole surface modification on antifouling performance of PTFE microfiltration membrane
Authors: Li Jiazhu , Liu Yanqing , Qu Liwei , Cao Xian , Li Xianning
Published: January 2023

In this study, polypyrrole was prepared by in situ chemical oxidation polymerization and deposited on the surface of the PTFE membrane. The surface morphology of the membrane shown that the membrane fouling degree of the modified membrane was much lower than that of the original membrane. Besides, the contact angle value decreased from 107.20° to 72.62°, and its hydrophilicity was significantly enhanced. It took humic acid (HA) as a typical representative membrane foulants, and static and dynamic HA adsorption experiments were carried out on the membranes before and after modification. In the static adsorption experiment of HA, the adsorption capacity of an original membrane was 1.28 times that of a modified membrane. In the dynamic antifouling experiment of HA, the rejection of the modified membrane to HA was 62.99%, while that of the original membrane was only 39.82%. In addition, the experimental results showed that the modified membrane had a higher flux recovery rate, which was 1.18 times that of the original membrane. This study proves that the modified membrane has an extraordinary antifouling effect.
Metaxy, Forms, and Healing: A Neoplatonic-Augustinian Approach to the Integration of Catholicism and Depth Psychology
Authors: Arden Angelyn
Published: January 2023

In the last decade, the Catholic Church increasingly has been open to psychology, yet depth psychology still is foreign to it and often not accepted. Likewise, few depth psychologists are open to Catholicism. This article attempts to rectify this situation in an investigation of the integration between the two. It does so by drawing on the philosophical assumptions from the Neoplatonic-Augustinian tradition. I define depth psychology as the examination of a realm, lying behind, around, or within the surface of one's life, consisting of patterns, figures, and landscapes affecting one's thoughts, emotions, bodily reactions, and behaviors, but of which one is unaware, relating to the universal, enduring figures in classic literature. I discuss the relationship of universal figures and landscapes to the “intermediate” region between spirit and matter, metaxy, through following Diotima in Plato's Symposium and some of Simone Weil's work. I relate metaxy to both Forms and the material, human world as communication, a circuit. I discuss where I depart from the Platonic sense of emanation and descent with exclusive derivation upon Forms. I illustrate this concept with St. Augustine's conversion. I further explore the “betweenness” of metaxy with the works of prominent Catholics, St. Pope John Paul II, Pope Emeritus Benedict, and Josef Pieper.
Flourishing: Catholic Psychological Approaches
Authors: Kugelmann Robert
Published: January 2023

Flourishing, or happiness, has become a prominent topic in contemporary psychology. It has deep roots in psychology in the United States, extending back to the “healthy-mindedness” movements of the late 19th and 20th centuries, and even deeper roots in philosophy, with Aristotle having addressed eudaimonia (which is often translated into English as flourishing or happiness) in his ethics. Typically, flourishing in psychological investigations has a secular backdrop. However, Catholic psychologists over the past century and earlier have addressed the topic, extending it to include beatitude and sanctity, with perfect happiness possible only after death, with the Beatific Vision. This article develops the formulations of flourishing by Catholic psychologists Michael Maher, Thomas Verner Moore, Joseph Nuttin, and Antoine Vergote, and the group who have published the Catholic Christian meta-model of the human person. Human flourishing has universal dimensions—some things we all must seek—and simultaneously, it is a call unique to each individual.
MitoStores: chaperone‐controlled protein granules store mitochondrial precursors in the cytosol
Authors: Krämer Lena , Dalheimer Niko , Räschle Markus , Storchová Zuzana , Pielage Jan , Boos Felix , Herrmann Johannes M
Published: January 2023

Hundreds of nucleus‐encoded mitochondrial precursor proteins are synthesized in the cytosol and imported into mitochondria in a post‐translational manner. However, the early processes associated with mitochondrial protein targeting remain poorly understood. Here, we show that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the cytosol has the capacity to transiently store mitochondrial matrix‐destined precursors in dedicated deposits that we termed MitoStores. Competitive inhibition of mitochondrial protein import via clogging of import sites greatly enhances the formation of MitoStores, but they also form during physiological cell growth on nonfermentable carbon sources. MitoStores are enriched for a specific subset of nucleus‐encoded mitochondrial proteins, in particular those containing N‐terminal mitochondrial targeting sequences. Our results suggest that MitoStore formation suppresses the toxic potential of aberrantly accumulating mitochondrial precursor proteins and is controlled by the heat shock proteins Hsp42 and Hsp104. Thus, the cytosolic protein quality control system plays an active role during the early stages of mitochondrial protein targeting through the coordinated and localized sequestration of mitochondrial precursor proteins.
Promoter‐pervasive transcription causes RNA polymerase II pausing to boost DOG1 expression in response to salt
Authors: Montez Miguel , Majchrowska Maria , Krzyszton Michal , Bokota Grzegorz , Sacharowski Sebastian , Wrona Magdalena , Yatusevich Ruslan , Massana Ferran , Plewczynski Dariusz , Swiezewski Szymon
Published: January 2023

Eukaryotic genomes are pervasively transcribed by RNA polymerase II. Yet, the molecular and biological implications of such a phenomenon are still largely puzzling. Here, we describe noncoding RNA transcription upstream of the Arabidopsis thaliana DOG1 gene, which governs salt stress responses and is a key regulator of seed dormancy. We find that expression of the DOG1 gene is induced by salt stress, thereby causing a delay in seed germination. We uncover extensive transcriptional activity on the promoter of the DOG1 gene, which produces a variety of lncRNAs. These lncRNAs, named PUPPIES, are co‐directionally transcribed and extend into the DOG1 coding region. We show that PUPPIES RNAs respond to salt stress and boost DOG1 expression, resulting in delayed germination. This positive role of pervasive PUPPIES transcription on DOG1 gene expression is associated with augmented pausing of RNA polymerase II, slower transcription and higher transcriptional burst size. These findings highlight the positive role of upstream co‐directional transcription in controlling transcriptional dynamics of downstream genes.
STING agonism turns human T cells into interferon‐producing cells but impedes their functionality
Authors: Kuhl Niklas , Linder Andreas , Philipp Nora , Nixdorf Daniel , Fischer Hannah , Veth Simon , Kuut Gunnar , Xu Teng Teng , Theurich Sebastian , Carell Thomas , Subklewe Marion , Hornung Veit
Published: January 2023

The cGAS‐STING (cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase‐stimulator of interferon genes) axis is the predominant DNA sensing system in cells of the innate immune system. However, human T cells also express high levels of STING, while its role and physiological trigger remain largely unknown. Here, we show that the cGAS‐STING pathway is indeed functional in human primary T cells. In the presence of a TCR‐engaging signal, both cGAS and STING activation switches T cells into type I interferon‐producing cells. However, T cell function is severely compromised following STING activation, as evidenced by increased cell death, decreased proliferation, and impaired metabolism. Interestingly, these different phenotypes bifurcate at the level of STING. While antiviral immunity and cell death require the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), decreased proliferation is mediated by STING independently of IRF3. In summary, we demonstrate that human T cells possess a functional cGAS‐STING signaling pathway that can contribute to antiviral immunity. However, regardless of its potential antiviral role, the activation of the cGAS‐STING pathway negatively affects T cell function at multiple levels. Taken together, these results could help inform the future development of cGAS‐STING‐targeted immunotherapies.
İstemsiz Erteleme Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Authors: ODACI Hatice , KAYA Feridun , KINIK Özge
Published: January 2023

Bu araştırmanın amacı İstemsiz Erteleme Ölçeği’nin geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizlerinin yapılarak Türkçeye uyarlanmasının sağlanmasıdır. Bu amaçla yürütülen araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2017-2018 öğretim yılında Bayburt Üniversitesi ve Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi’nde öğrenim gören 889 üniversite öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Genel Erteleme Ölçeği, İstemsiz Erteleme Ölçeği ve Depresyon Anksiyete Stres Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında elde edilen verilen analizi aşamasında ise açımlayıcı faktör analizi, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA), korelasyon analizi ve bağımsız gruplar için t testi analizlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Yapılan AFA sonucunda İstemsiz Erteleme Ölçeği’nin tek faktörlü bir yapıya sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. DFA sonucunda ise belirlenen yapının doğrulandığı görülmüştür (χ2= 34.52, Sd= 8, CFI= .98, NFI= .97, SRMR= .041, RMSEA=.071). Araştırmada ölçüt bağıntılı geçerliğin tespit edilmesi amacıyla yapılan korelasyon analizi sonucunda istemsiz erteleme düzeyleri ile anksiyete, depresyon, stres ve genel erteleme düzeyleri arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişkiler olduğu belirlenmiştir. İstemsiz Erteleme Ölçeği’nin güvenirlik analizleri kapsamında yürütülen çalışma sonucunda ise iç tutarlık katsayısı .77 olarak bulunmuştur. Bunun yanı sıra ölçeğin iki yarı test korelasyonu .73 olarak hesaplanmıştır.
Identification of implant outliers in joint replacement registries
Authors: de Steiger Richard N , Hallstrom Brian R , Lübbeke Anne , Paxton Elizabeth W , van Steenbergen Liza N , Wilkinson Mark
Published: January 2023

Recent concerns surrounding joint replacements that have a higher than expected rate of revision have led to stricter controls by regulatory authorities with regards to the introduction of new devices into the marketplace.

Implant post-market surveillance remains important, and joint replacement registries are ideally placed to perform this role. This review examined if and how joint replacement registries identified outlier prostheses, outlined problems and suggested solutions to improve post-market surveillance.

A search was performed of all joint replacement registries that had electronic or published reports detailing the outcomes of joint replacement. These reports were examined for registry identification of outlier prostheses. Five registries publicly identified outlier prostheses in their reports and the methods by which this was performed, and three others had internal reports.

Identification of outlier prostheses is one area that may improve overall joint replacement outcomes; however, further research is needed to determine the optimum methods for identification, including the threshold, the comparator and the numbers required for notification of devices.

Co-operation of registries at a global level may lead to earlier identification of devices and thereby further improve the results of joint replacement.
Robotic-assisted revision total joint arthroplasty: a state-of-the-art scoping review
Authors: Wu Xiang-Dong , Zhou Yixin , Shao Hongyi , Yang Dejin , Guo Sheng-Jie , Huang Wei
Published: January 2023

Background

During the past decades, robotic-assisted technology has experienced an incredible advancement in the field of total joint arthroplasty (TJA), which demonstrated promise in improving the accuracy and precision of implantation and alignment in both primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, revision TJA remains a technically challenging procedure with issues of large-scale bone defects and damage to nearby anatomical structures. Thus, surgeons are trying to harness the abilities of robotic-assisted technology for revision TJA surgery.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were comprehensively searched to identify relevant publications that reported the application of robotic-assisted technology in revision TJA.

Results

Overall, ten studies reported the use of the robotic system in revision TJA, including active (ROBODOC) and semi-active (MAKO and NAVIO) systems. One clinical case reported conversion from hip fusion to THA, and three studies reported revision from primary THA to revision THA. Moreover, four studies reported that robotic-assisted technology is helpful in revising unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) to TKA, and two case reports converted primary TKA to revision TKA. In this study, we present the latest evolvements, applications, and technical obstacles of robotic-assisted technology in the revision of TJA and the current state-of-the-art.

Conclusion

Current available evidence suggests that robotic-assisted technology may help surgeons to reproducibly perform preoperative plans and accurately achieve operative targets during revision TJA. However, concerns remain regarding preoperative metal artifacts, registration techniques, closed software platforms, further bone loss after implant removal, and whether robotic-assisted surgery will improve implant positioning and long-term survivorship.
Genetic variants of glucose metabolism and exposure to smoking in African American breast cancer
Authors: Yon Jung Su , Papp Jeanette C , Sobel Eric M , Pellegrini Matteo , Yu Herbert
Published: January 2023

Insulin resistance (IR) is a well-established risk factor for breast cancer (BC) development in African American (AA) postmenopausal women. While obesity and IR are more prevalent in AA than in white women, they are under-represented in genome-wide studies for systemic regulation of IR. By examining 780 genome-wide IR single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) available in our data, we tested 4689 AA women in a Random Survival Forest framework. With 37 BC-associated lifestyle factors, we conducted a gene–environment interaction analysis to estimate risk prediction for BC with the most influential genetic and behavioral factors and evaluated their combined and joint effects on BC risk. By accounting for variations of individual SNPs in BC in the prediction model, we detected four fasting glucose–associated SNPs in PCSK1, SPC25, ADCY5, and MTNR1B and three lifestyle factors (smoking, oral contraceptive use, and age at menopause) as the most predictive markers for BC risk. Our joint analysis of risk genotypes and lifestyle with smoking revealed a synergistic effect on the increased risk of BC, particularly estrogen/progesterone positive (ER/PR+) BC, in a gene–lifestyle dose-dependent manner. The joint effect of smoking was more substantial in women with prolonged exposure to cigarette smoking and female hormones. The top genome-wide association-SNPs associated with metabolic biomarkers in combination with lifestyles synergistically increase the predictability of invasive ER/PR+ BC risk among AA women. Our findings highlight generically targeted preventive interventions for women who carry particular risk genotypes and lifestyles.
Diagnostyka sydromiczna w wybranych zakażeniach układowych
Authors: Słabisz Sławomir
Published: January 2023

Zakażenia układu pokarmowego, oddechowego oraz centralnego układu nerwowego charakteryzują się odmienną specyfiką patogenów wywołujących te infekcje. Duża różnorodność prawdopodobnych drobnoustrojów stwarza wyzwanie dla procesu diagnostycznego, który powinien być możliwie jak najszybszy i najdokładniejszy. Kluczową rolę w podjęciu optymalnych decyzji terapeutycznych odgrywa czas uzyskania wyniku badania mikrobiologicznego. Zbyt długi czas uzyskania wyniku bądź błędna diagnoza może przekładać się bezpośrednio na zwiększenie śmiertelności i wydłużenie rekonwalescencji pacjenta, wynikających z niewłaściwego bądź opóźnionego wdrożenia leczenia przeciwdrobnoustrojowego. Pomimo iż w rutynowej diagnostyce mikrobiologicznej konwencjonalna hodowla pozostaje dalej złotym standardem, coraz większe znaczenie mają nowoczesne systemy paneli syndromicznych, tzw. „Syndromic Testing”, bazujące na różnych technikach genetycznych (np. PCR, multiplex PCR, LAMP). Panele te umożliwiają identyfikację szerokiego zakresu patogenów oraz pozwalają na wykrycie genów determinujących oporność na antybiotyki. W zależności od specyfiki infekcji specjaliści mają do dyspozycji różne panele diagnostyczne, jak: panel oddechowy, panel gastroenterologiczny oraz panel zakażenia centralnego układu nerwowego (CUN) i zakażenia mózgu. Materiałem do badania w diagnostyce tych zakażeń są najczęściej plwocina, popłuczyny pęcherzykowo-oskrzelowe, aspirat tchawiczy, próbki kału oraz płyn mózgowo-rdzeniowy. Dzięki zastosowaniu nowoczesnych metod biologii molekularnej czas uzyskania takiego wyniku wynosi od 45 min. do 2h. Testowanie syndromiczne skraca znacznie czas uzyskania wyniku czynnika etiologicznego infekcji, co pozwala na szybszą reakcję personelu medycznego, a tym samym szybszą eskalację lub deeskalację wdrożonej terapii empirycznej. W praktyce odpowiednio zastosowany i zinterpretowany wynik panelu syndromicznego pozwala uzyskać lepsze efekty kliniczne oraz ekonomiczne leczenia zakażeń.
Aktywność ceftazydymu z awibaktamem oraz innych antybiotyków stosowanych wobec Enterobacterales i Pseudomonas aeruginosa w Polsce w oparciu o dane z programu ATLAS zebrane w 2020 r. oraz porównanie ich z danymi uzyskanymi w latach 2015–2019
Authors: Zalas-Więcek Patrycja , Michalska Anna , Polak Aleksandra , Orczykowska-Kotyna Monika , Pojnar Łukasz , Zając Martyna , Patzer Jan , Głowacka Ewa , Bogiel Monika
Published: January 2023

Wstęp Rozpowszechnienie szczepów Enterobacterales oraz pałeczek niefermentujących w środowisku szpitalnym stanowi coraz większe wyzwanie dla klinicystów zajmujących się zakażeniami szpitalnymi na całym świecie. Monitorowanie lekowrażliwości drobnoustrojów oraz poszukiwanie nowych opcji terapeutycznych pomagają zapobiegać zakażeniom, szczególnie wywoływanym przez bakterie wielolekooporne (MDR). Cel Celem badania była ocena aktywności in vitro ceftazydymu z awibaktamem oraz innych leków przeciwdrobnoustrojowych stosowanych wobec szczepów Enterobacterales i Pseudomonas aeruginosa, wyizolowanych w populacji osób dorosłych i dzieci w 2020 r. w Polsce. Dodatkowo porównano wrażliwość szczepów izolowanych w latach 2015–2019 oraz w 2020 r. Materiał i metody Analizowane dane uzyskano w ramach programu ATLAS, zgodnie z wytycznymi projektu. Badany materiał pochodził od pacjentów z czterech ośrodków w Polsce, które brały udział w programie ATLAS w 2020 r. Do badania włączono 512 szczepów pałeczek Gram-ujemnych, w tym 367 Enterobacterales oraz 145 izolatów P. aeruginosa. Wyniki Ogółem 98,6% badanych szczepów Enterobacterales oraz 89,0% P. aeruginosa było wrażliwych na ceftazydym z awibaktamem. Odsetek izolatów MDR wrażliwych na ceftazydym z awibaktamem pozostał bardzo wysoki i wynosił 97,3% w przypadku Enterobacterales oraz 68,7% w przypadku P. aeruginosa. W 2020 r., w porównaniu do lat 2015–2019, odnotowano wzrost oporności bakterii na większość badanych antybiotyków stosowanych wobec Enterobacterales i P. aeruginosa. Spadek wrażliwości na ceftazydym z awibaktamem był jednym z najniższych spośród badanych antybiotyków. Wnioski Przedstawione dane ukazują, że ceftazydym z awibaktamem stanowi cenną opcję terapeutyczną, szczególnie w dobie narastania lekooporności na antybiotyki stosowane rutynowo w zakażeniach spowodowanych przez bakterie Gram-ujemne.