bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth characteristics of human juvenile, adult and murine fibroblasts: a comparison of polymer wound dressings
Authors: Gögele Clemens , Schulze-Tanzil Gundula , Kokozidou Maria , Gäbel Christiane , Billner Moritz , Reichert Bert , Bodenschatz Karl
Published: October 2020

Objective:

Fibroblasts are important for the successful healing of deep wounds. However, the influence exerted by Cuticell, a natural polymer on fibroblasts and by the synthetic polymer, Suprathel, made of poly-L-lactic acid, is not sufficiently characterised. This study compared the survival and growth characteristics of human juvenile and adult dermal fibroblasts as well as murine fibroblast cell line L929, on a natural polymer with those of a synthetic polymer using different culture models.

Method:

Murine, juvenile and adult human fibroblasts were seeded on both the natural and synthetic polymers using statical slide culture or the medium air interface and dynamical rotatory culture. Cell adherence, viability, morphology and actin cytoskeleton architecture were monitored for 1–7 days. Biomaterial permeability was checked with a previously established diffusion chamber.

Results:

The majority of the murine and adult human fibroblasts survived in slide and rotatory cultures on both wound dressings. The fibroblasts seeded on the synthetic polymer exhibited phenotypically a typical spread shape with multiple cell adhesion sites earlier than those on the natural polymer. The highest survival rates in all tested fibroblast species over the entire observation time were detected in rotatory culture (mean: >70%). Nevertheless, it led to cell-cluster formation on both materials. In the medium air interface culture, few adult fibroblasts adhered and survived until the seventh day of culture on both the natural and synthetic polymers, and no viable juvenile and L929 fibroblasts could be found by day seven. Apart from a significant higher survival rate of L929 in slide culture on the natural polymer compared with the synthetic polymer at the end of the culturing period (p<0.0001), and a higher cell survival of L929 on the natural polymer in medium air interface culture, only minor differences between both materials were evident. This suggested a comparable cytocompatibility of both materials. Permeability testing revealed slightly higher permeance of the natural polymer compared with the synthetic polymer.

Conclusion:

Cell survival rates depended on the culture system and the fibroblast source. Nevertheless, the juvenile skin fibroblasts were the most sensitive. This observation suggests that wound dressings used in treating children should be tested beforehand with juvenile fibroblasts to ensure the dressing does not compromise wound healing. Future experiments should also include the response of compromised fibroblasts, for example, from burn patients.
Hip fracture treatment in Norway
Authors: Kjærvik Cato , Stensland Eva , Byhring Hanne Sigrun , Gjertsen Jan-Erik , Dybvik Eva , Søreide Odd
Published: October 2020

Aims

The aim of this study was to describe variation in hip fracture treatment in Norway expressed as adherence to international and national evidence-based treatment guidelines, to study factors influencing deviation from guidelines, and to analyze consequences of non-adherence.

Methods

International and national guidelines were identified and treatment recommendations extracted. All 43 hospitals routinely treating hip fractures in Norway were characterized. From the Norwegian Hip Fracture Register (NHFR), hip fracture patients aged > 65 years and operated in the period January 2014 to December 2018 for fractures with conclusive treatment guidelines were included (n = 29,613: femoral neck fractures (n = 21,325), stable trochanteric fractures (n = 5,546), inter- and subtrochanteric fractures (n = 2,742)). Adherence to treatment recommendations and a composite indicator of best practice were analyzed. Patient survival and reoperations were evaluated for each recommendation.

Results

Median age of the patients was 84 (IQR 77 to 89) years and 69% (20,427/29,613) were women. Overall, 79% (23,390/29,613) were treated within 48 hours, and 80% (23,635/29,613) by a surgeon with more than three years’ experience. Adherence to guidelines varied substantially but was markedly better in 2018 than in 2014. Having a dedicated hip fracture unit (OR 1.06, 95%CI 1.01 to 1.11) and a hospital hip fracture programme (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.27) increased the probability of treatment according to best practice. Surgery after 48 hours increased one-year mortality significantly (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.22; p = 0.001). Alternative treatment to arthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fractures (FNFs) increased mortality after 30 days (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.62)) and one year (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.72), and also increased the number of reoperations (OR 4.61, 95% CI 3.73 to 5.71). An uncemented stem increased the risk of reoperation significantly (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.48; p = 0.030).

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates a substantial variation between hospitals in adherence to evidence-based guidelines for treatment of hip fractures in Norway. Non-adherence can be ascribed to in-hospital factors. Poor adherence has significant negative consequences for patients in the form of increased mortality rates at 30 and 365 days post-treatment and in reoperation rates. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-10:644–653.
Potential Suitability of Subirrigation for Field Crops in the U.S. Midwest
Authors: Yu Feng , Frankenberger Jane , Ackerson Jason , Reinhart Benjamin
Published: October 2020

Highlights

A fuzzy rating system was created based on published criteria for subirrigation suitability.

Maps showing potential suitability for subirrigation were created for the U.S. Midwest.

78,500 km2 across the U.S. Midwest is potentially suitability for subirrigation.

Maps identify potential subirrigation locations pending onsite assessment.

Abstract. Subirrigation through subsurface tile drains has potential to increase crop yields and improve water quality in tile-drained landscapes, but it has not been widely implemented. Identifying locations with high potential suitability for subirrigation may help the planning and implementation of this practice. In this study, we developed a fuzzy rating system for subirrigation suitability using the Gridded Soil Survey Geographic Database (gSSURGO). Maps of the fuzzy rating system identified locations of high potential suitability for subirrigation and highlighted physiographic regions highly conducive to the practice. We identified 78,500 km2, about 9%, of agricultural land in the Midwest with high potential suitability for subirrigation where onsite investigation may be targeted. The largest areas of high potential suitability were found in Minnesota, Illinois, and Indiana. Results from the fuzzy rating analysis are provided to the public through three channels: a downloadable data repository, map service, and web map tool. Ultimately, this study can facilitate the adoption of subirrigation by highlighting areas where subirrigation may potentially be a viable practice. Keywords: Controlled drainage, Fuzzy rating, Geographic information system (GIS), Gridded Soil Survey Geographic Database (gSSURGO), Midwestern U.S., Subirrigation.
Ultra-compact low-loss variable-ratio 1×2 power splitter with ultra-low phase deviation based on asymmetric ladder-shaped multimode interference coupler
Authors: Li Zezheng , Huang Xingrui , Liu Yang , Kuang Yingxin , Guan Huan , Tian Lifei , Li Zhiyong , Han Weihua
Published: October 2020

We propose a novel optical 1×2 power splitter based on an asymmetric ladder-shaped multimode interference (MMI) coupler in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) which has an ultra-compact size of 3.3 µm×2.4 µm. A trapezoid with a small region is removed from the bottom left corner of the MMI coupler to achieve variable splitting ratio. The comparison with the asymmetric rectangular 1×2 splitter is numerically analyzed. By carefully optimizing the width of input taper, the proposed splitter shows a low phase deviation for the two output ports while keeping both of a low-loss performance and feasible splitting ratio. The simulated results show that the splitter can operate with an insertion loss less than 0.67 dB, a large range of splitting ratio from 50:50 to 11:89 and an ultra-low phase deviation less than 2.8° among the C band spectra.
Global platform governance and the internet-governance impossibility theorem
Authors: Haggart Blayne
Published: October 2020

Economist Dani Rodrik argues that global economic governance is characterized by a trilemma: ‘we cannot have hyperglobalization, democracy, and national self-determination all at once. We can have at most two out of three’. This trilemma can also be applied to internet governance and global platform governance as a corollary global internet-governance impossibility theorem. This trilemma, which emphasizes who sets the rules and the degree of democratic accountability they face, offers us a way to evaluate online content-regulation proposals. This article applies this framework to four prominent platform-governance proposals: Facebook’s proposal for a global ‘Oversight Board’; David Kaye’s book Speech Police; the United Kingdom’s Online Harms White Paper; and French president Emmanuel Macron’s speech to the 2018 Internet Governance Forum. Of the four, only Macron’s framework offers a pathway to reconciling democratic accountability with the existence of different legitimate views on how content should be regulated.
ELEMEN PERANCANGAN KOTA YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP KUALITAS RUANG KOTA PADA JALAN JENDRAL SUDIRMAN KOTA SALATIGA
Authors: Risdian Happy , Sari Suzanna Ratih , Rukayah Raden Siti
Published: October 2020

Jalan Jendral Sudirman in Salatiga City is the part of Central Business District in Salatiga City. City planning elements according to Shirvani (1985) are land use, building form and mass, circulation and parking, open space, pedestrian ways , activity support, signage, and preservation. The existence element of urban design contained in Jalan Jendaral Sudirman will influence the quality of urban space. To determine this effect, this study uses a rationalistic qualitative method. Data collection method by means of literature study, field observations, interviews. Analysis method by analyze interview results. The results of this study indicate urban design elements influence to urban place quality.
Mathematical Modeling for Determination of Correlation Between Current Density and Dissolved Oxygen in Yeast Microbial Fuel Cell-Based Biosensor
Authors: Christwardana Marcelinus , Yoshi Linda Aliffia
Published: October 2020

Experiments were conducted to study the correlation between current density and dissolved oxygen (DO) and to develop a model for estimating the value of current density in yeast MFC based DO biosensors. A curve between current density and DO was made, and data analysis was performed using free-online data fitting, namely zunzun.com. One linear regression and nine different exponential models are used as an approach to determine the correlation between current density and DO. The higher DO, the current density will increase rapidly. The most suitable model was chosen to describe the correlation between the current density and the DO. The coefficient of determination (R2), the sum of square absolute (SSQABS), and root mean square error (RMSE) are used to determine goodness or quality of fit. The exponential model shows a better fit to illustrate the correlation between current density and DO, with R2, SSQABS, and RMSE values were 0.9975, 0.4745 and 0.3444, respectively.
Application of Glyoxal Acrylamide Modified Κ-Carrageenan as A Superabsorbent Polymer in Drug Delivery System
Authors: Prasetyaningrum Aji , Raemas Al Farrel A. , Rokhati Nur , Jos Bakti
Published: October 2020

The hydrogel is superabsorbent polymers (SAP) that are biodegradable and can be obtained from polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins. Polysaccharides include cellulose, starch and their derivatives, seaweed extracts such as carrageenan, alginate, pectin, and chitosan. Carrageenan is the result of the extraction of red seaweed sap with an alkaline solution. The main objective of this study was to simultaneously increase the strength and properties of κ-carrageenan SAP film with the addition of glyoxal and acrylamide as crosslinkers. The addition of acrylamide (variated from 1 to 7 % b/v) into the k-Carrageenan based SAP hydrogel compound and the presence of glyoxal as crosslink agent (variated from 0 to 1,0 % v/v). The physical properties of the SAP films were analyze using swelling degree and tensile strength. The structural and morphological properties of composite films were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In addition, the effect of pHs on the releasing drug Poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-Iodine was investigated. This research shows that the addition of acrylamide and glyoxal can improve the physical properties of the modified κ-carrageenan film. Characterization using SEM shows that the addition of glyoxal causes the formation of tissue fibers in SAP. FTIR spectra indicated the formation of cross bonds in modified SAP film at 3294.42 cm-1 (carboxylic acid). The treatment under alkaline conditions will increase drug release ability.Keywords: κ-carrageenan; hydrogels; acrylamide; glyoxal; drug delivery
Relacje między opisowością a ilustrowaniem edycji jako problem redakcyjny
Authors: Hojdis Bogdan , Krzak-Weiss Katarzyna
Published: October 2020

Artykuł jest próbą odpowiedzi na pytanie: czy istnieje ściślejszy związek między opisowością tekstu literackiego a jego ilustrowaniem, przy czym zostaje ono zadane z perspektywy redaktora, któremu w udziale przypadło wydanie utworu literackiego i w związku z tym musi podjąć decyzję o wyposażeniu go w warstwę plastyczną lub o zaniechaniu takiego działania. Przywołując przykłady ilustrowanych wydań utworów między innymi Stanisława Lema, Elizy Orzeszkowej czy Adama Mickiewicza, autorzy pokazują, że za decyzją o ilustrowaniu (lub nie) stało wiele różnych czynników od estetycznych, przez wręcz patriotyczne, dydaktyczne, aż po technologiczne i ekonomiczne.
Transportable optical atomic clocks for use in out-of-the-lab environments
Authors: Gellesch Markus , Jones Jonathan , Barron Richard , Singh Alok , Sun Qiushuo , Bongs Kai , Singh Yeshpal
Published: October 2020

Recently, several reports with a strong focus on compact, nonstationary optical atomic clocks have been published, including accounts of in-field deployment of these devices for demonstrations of chronometric levelling in different types of environments. We review recent progress in this research area, comprising compact and transportable neutral atom and single-ion optical atomic clocks. The identified transportable optical clocks strive for low volume, weight and power consumption while exceeding standard microwave atomic clocks in fractional frequency instability and systematic uncertainty. Some transportable clock projects additionally address requirements for metrology or serve the joint technology development between industrial and academic stakeholders. Based on the reviewed reports on nonstationary optical atomic clocks, we suggest definitions for transportable, portable and mobile optical atomic clocks. We conclude our article with an overview of possible future directions for developments of optical clock technology.
Young children as actors of institutional language policies and practices in day care centres
Authors: Simoes Lourêiro Kevin , Neumann Sascha
Published: October 2020

As children’s agency in influencing institutional language practices is often not carefully reflected in early childhood education curricula, the objective of this paper is to offer meaningful insights about how institutional language policies are both reproduced and transformed by children’s everyday use of language. For this purpose, we will combine conceptual resources from social theory, sociolinguistics and childhood studies in order to analyse children’s linguistic behaviour by applying a structure-agency perspective as a relational approach. Drawing on data from ethnographic field research within institutional day care centres in Luxembourg, our findings demonstrate that the status of children as actors in institutional language practices is strongly connected to institutional policies as a structural condition. However, this does not mean that children just enact these language policies, because they are actors of both maintaining, underminingandalternating them. In this respect, especially the translanguaging of children and caregivers plays a crucial role in the Luxembourgish context as it allows to build a bridge between the official institutional language policy and the individual linguistic repertoires. Considering the goal of establishing a plurilingual environment in early childhood education which now is paramount to the educational language policy of the Luxembourgish government, this article suggests that translanguaging practices should be considered as one of the key starting points to create a plurilingual ecology in and through everyday practice in the day care centres.
The geometric sieve for quadrics
Authors: Browning Tim D. , Heath-Brown Roger
Published: October 2020

We develop a version of Ekedahl’s geometric sieve for integral quadratic forms of rank at least five. As one ranges over the zeros of such quadratic forms, we use the sieve to compute the density of coprime values of polynomials, and furthermore, to address a question about local solubility in families of varieties
parameterised by the zeros.
An Alternative to Data Ownership: Managing Access to Non-Personal Data through the Commons
Authors: Fia Tommaso
Published: October 2020

In today’s algorithmic society, access to large-scale datasets is the sine qua non for any economic actor to reap the benefits of data-driven innovation (DDI). This article explores alternative mechanisms of data management in large-scale processing environments which can bolster access in view of the shortcomings of the existing data ownership-centric system. The scope of the analysis is limited to non-personal data. First, this contribution elaborates on the features and shortcomings of the data ownership-centric system and the existing legislation on data access. In fact, despite its ground-breaking potential, data access is not a widely available resource. It is subject, meanwhile, to the ability of several actors to control it, originating from data holders’ position of de facto control over data (“data ownership”), which is mostly anchored in technological, behavioural, and legal access barriers. This ownership-oriented setting thus stifles data sharing and opportunities for novel reuses of data. Despite these concerns, EU secondary legislation and case law (including the “essential facilities doctrine” of competition law) have not yet offered appropriate means to enable data access across society. Second, this article investigates whether alternative systems of data management based on the commons is a viable solution to open up access to raw non-personal data (RNPD). The commons as a conceptual notion and institutional mechanism values access and freedom to operate, instead of power to appropriate. The article homes in on two main reasons which substantiate why commons management of RNPD can be desirable. On the one hand, RNPD can be deemed a cooperative infrastructural resource that calls for being pulled out of its factual enclosure (“structuralist approach” of the commons). On the other hand, grasping RNPD as a commons means valuing its functional nature, making data available to a wide number of actors for the fulfilment of fundamental rights and enhancing human flourishing (“functionalist approach”). The article concludes with some thoughts on the lines of research which are still to be explored to put the commons-based vision of data management into practice.
Using the generalized Adams-Bashforth-Moulton method for obtaining the numerical solution of some variable-order fractional dynamical models
Authors: Khader Mohamed M.
Published: October 2020

This paper is devoted to introduce a numerical treatment using the generalized Adams-Bashforth-Moulton method for some of the variable-order fractional modeling dynamics problems, such as Riccati and Logistic differential equations. The fractional derivative is described in Caputo variable-order fractional sense. The obtained numerical results of the proposed models show the simplicity and efficiency of the proposed method. Moreover, the convergence order of the method is also estimated numerically.
Impact of maternal thyroid disease on neonatal thyroid status
Authors: Venugopalan Lakshmi , Rajan Aishwarya , Prasad Hemchand. K. , Sankaran Anupama , Murugesan Gnanabalan , Ramanathan Shanmughasundaram
Published: October 2020

Objectives

Prevalence of Maternal and congenital hypothyroidism is on the rise. To present the thyroid stimulating hormone screening results in babies born to hypothyroid mothers and assess the burden, aetiology of hypothyroidism in these babies

Methods

All antenatal mothers attending our hospital during the study period were enrolled into the study. Group I includes 249 term babies born to hypothyroid mothers and group II comprises 2154 newborns born to mothers who are euthyroid. Heel prick thyroid stimulating hormone was done for all newborns on day 3 for both groups. Confirmatory venous testing was done for all for babies in group I and screen positives belonging to group II. Evaluation and therapy done as per standard guidelines.

Results

Thyroid stimulating hormone values in the two groups are presented. There was significant correlation between peak maternal thyroid stimulating hormone and neonatal day 3 heel prick in group I (r=0.7, P<0.05). The prevalence of positive screening test in groups I and II was 3.8 and 1.03% (p<0.05) whereas corresponding values for confirmed disease was 4.3 and 0.6%, respectively (p<0.05). Aetiological evaluation revealed both transient hypothyroidism (33.3%) and permanent hypothyroidism (66.6%).

Conclusion

4.3% of babies born to hypothyroid mothers develop congenital hypothyroidism; aetiology being both transient and permanent. A venous test by 3 weeks is helpful in these babies to improve case identification.
Fast laser speckle suppression with an intracavity diffuser
Authors: Mahler Simon , Eliezer Yaniv , Yılmaz Hasan , Friesem Asher A. , Davidson Nir , Cao Hui
Published: October 2020

Fast speckle suppression is crucial for time-resolved full-field imaging with laser illumination. Here, we introduce a method to accelerate the spatial decoherence of laser emission, achieving speckle suppression in the nanosecond integration time scale. The method relies on the insertion of an intracavity phase diffuser into a degenerate cavity laser to break the frequency degeneracy of transverse modes and broaden the lasing spectrum. The ultrafast decoherence of laser emission results in the reduction of speckle contrast to 3% in less than 1 ns.
Herbert Spencer: A Case History of Nietzsche’s Conception of Decadence
Authors: Hurrell David
Published: October 2020

Nietzsche characterises some influential individuals – such as Socrates and Wagner – as “decadents” because they promote life-inhibiting values that potentially undermine the flourishing of humanity. A clearly stated but less prominent example of such a decadent is Herbert Spencer. While Nietzsche’s observations concerning Spencer are far fewer than those on Socrates and Wagner, they still have considerably significance for understanding Nietzsche’s philosophy – particularly his views on morality and science – and consequently their role in his conception of decadence. This article argues that Nietzsche considers Spencer to be a decadent not just because of the latter’s advocating of a morality based on altruism, but also the projection of the decadent values of this morality as inevitable, as part of his belief in objective, scientific and sociological truths.
Nietzsche’s Engagement with Kant and the Kantian Legacy
Authors: Slama Paul
Published: October 2020

The books I review are a series of three volumes of the same project,Nietzsche’s Engagements with Kant and the Kantian Legacy, edited in 2017 by Marco Brusotti, Herman Siemens, João Constâncio, Tom Bailey, Maria João Mayer Branco and Katia Hay who seek to situate Nietzsche’s work in relation to Kant and Kantianism and to interpret it from this perspective. This review consists of two parts: the first part reviews and discusses each of the works focusing on a selection of prominent chapters; the second part extends their intuitions.
Zn(II)-selective poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane electrode based on Schiff base ligand 2-benzoylpyridine semicarbazone as an ionophore
Authors: Suman Shankar , Singh Ram
Published: October 2020

A new poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane electrode using 2-benzoylpyridine semicarbazone as membrane carrier with dioctylphthalate as plasticizer and sodium tetraphenylborate (NaTBP) as anion excluder has been fabricated and investigated as Zn(II)-selective electrode. Best potential response is observed for the composition PVC 30%, plasticizer 58%, NaTBP 8% and ionophore 4% (w/w). The sensor showed a linear stable response over a concentration range of 1.0 × 10−2–4.56 × 10−6 M with a detection limit of 2.28 × 10−6 M and a response time <10 s. The electrode can be used for at least six months without any divergence in potential.
The semeiotic self
Authors: Sabre Ru
Published: October 2020

The self is presented as a semeiotic matrix with the three categories each articulated with a fitting semeiosis.
SKA3 overexpression promotes cell proliferation and migration in breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Kang Jaeyong , Kim Hansaem , Noh Hyangsoon , Kang Byung-Ha , Kim Jaejik , Hong Sungguan
Published: October 2020

Objectives

Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women worldwide with a high mortality rate, despite early detection and treatment. Spindle and kinetochore-associated complex subunit 3 (SKA3) is closely correlated with patient outcomes in several cancers. The present study aimed to elucidate the role of SKA3 in BC.

Methods

The biological functions of SKA3 was investigated by proliferation and migration assays in MDA-MB-231 cells with stable SKA3 knockdown and Hs578T cells ectopically expressing SKA3. Gene Expression Omnibus datasets were utilised to determine the correlation between SKA3 expression and clinical features of BC patients.

Results

We confirmed that SKA3 mRNA expression is higher in breast tumour tissue than in normal tissue, and that higher SKA3 expression is associated with poor survival rate of BC patients. Knockdown of SKA3 reduced MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation and migration, whereas SKA3 overexpression enhanced the proliferative and migratory ability of Hs578T cells. We also found that SKA3 is involved in regulating cell cycle progression in mitotic exit.

Conclusions

These results suggest that SKA3 is correlated with BC cell proliferation and migration by promoting cell cycle progression, and could be a novel potential therapeutic target for BC treatment.
Spanish quepo: the untold story
Authors: Rini Joel
Published: October 2020

The pres. ind. paradigm of Sp. caber ‘to fit’ exhibits a synchronically irregular form in the 1st pers. sg., i.e., quepo, instead of a synchronically regular form derived from the infinitive, i.e., caber → *cabo. However, quepo is not considered at all historically irregular. Since the first historical grammar of Spanish, quepo has been understood to be a direct continuation of Lat. capiō, which apparently evolved through regular phonetic development, like pres. subj. capiam > quepa, sapiam > sepa. Nonetheless, one may question why quepo has not been replaced by *cabo in Modern Spanish given its extremely low frequency of occurrence, as forms of a language that occur infrequently are often regularized. A historical look at quepo reveals the following surprising facts: (1) Although pres. subj. quepa is attested from the earliest Old Spanish texts onward, quepo is absent from the written record throughout the Old and Medieval Spanish periods and does not appear until the end of the sixteenth century; (2) Regularized cabo served as the first person singular of the present indicative until then. The present study attempts to explain through well-established processes of historical morphology the late appearance of quepo and its continued existence in Modern Spanish.
La introducción del anglicismo berry/berries en el español de Chile: historia, proceso integrativo y consecuencias semánticas
Authors: Sinner Carsten , Salas Constanza Gerding
Published: October 2020

Lexical innovation is a continuous creative phenomenon which evinces language vitality. In today’s Spanish, borrowing words from other languages is a fruitful innovation mechanism. In Chilean Spanish, a significant portion of lexical neology comes from English loanwords, a fact that may be attributed in part to the global, open-market model upon which the country bases its economy. In this context and because of its linguistic and cultural relevance, we established the development process of the English loanword berry/berries in Chilean Spanish. To this end, this paper presents an analysis of the sociohistorical background that gave rise to the introduction of this Anglicism in Chile. This mixed-methods research includes the analysis of texts, interviews, surveys and field study. A contrastive lexicographic description of berry and its equivalents in Spanish is provided, the role of different types of speakers —from experts to laypeople— is analyzed in relation to the incorporation of this neologism in Chilean Spanish, the occurrence of different existing denominations is examined, some neologicity indicators are analyzed, possible combinations of berry/berries with other elements are classified, and the evolution of this Anglicism in Chilean Spanish use is confirmed.
Cancioneros manuscritos y mise en texte
Authors: González Déborah
Published: October 2020

Galician-Portuguese troubadours were able to bring their compositions to a close by means of one or a series of fiindas. The fiinda can be understood as a conclusive sequence, shorter than a cobra or stanza, which is harmoniously integrated into the composition in terms of both form and content. The principles governing the textual arrangement of the various Galician-Portuguese manuscript songbooks (the medieval A, fragmentary and unfinished, and the Italian apographs B and V of the humanist period) are of considerable help in identifying these final segments in texts where they are present. However, vicissitudes in the transmission of some compositions with fiindas have occasionally led to a blurring or obscuring of these sequences, which in turn may have been an obstacle to the correct perception and identification of the textual structure of fiindas by editors of these texts.
Current status of the prognostic molecular markers in medullary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Oczko-Wojciechowska Malgorzata , Czarniecka Agnieszka , Gawlik Tomasz , Jarzab Barbara , Krajewska Jolanta
Published: October 2020

Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a rare thyroid malignancy, which arises from parafollicular C-cells. It occurs in the hereditary or sporadic form. Hereditary type is a consequence of activation of the RET proto-oncogene by germline mutations, whereas about 80% of sporadic MTC tumors harbor somatic, mainly RET or rarely RAS mutations. According to the current ATA guidelines, a postoperative MTC risk stratification and long-term follow-up are mainly based on histopathological data, including tumor stage, the presence of lymph node and/or distant metastases (TNM classification), and serum concentration of two biomarkers: calcitonin (Ctn) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The type of RET germline mutation also correlates with MTC clinical characteristics. The most common and the best known RET mutation in sporadic MTC, localized at codon 918, is related to a more aggressive MTC course and poorer survival. However, even if histopathological or clinical features allow to predict a long-term prognosis, they are not sufficient to select the patients showing aggressive MTC courses requiring immediate treatment or those, who are refractory to different therapeutic methods. Besides the RET gene mutations, there are currently no other reliable molecular prognostic markers. This review summarizes the present data of genomic investigation on molecular prognostic factors in medullary thyroid cancer.
El establecimiento de la Intendencia en Galicia y su actuación en materia militar (1715-1719)
Authors: Saavedra Vázquez María del Carmen
Published: October 2020

Este trabajo estudia el proceso de implantación de la Intendencia en Galicia en 1718 y sus efectos inmediatos. El texto se organiza en tres apartados: el primero analiza la situación previa a la llegada del intendente, el segundo revisa la situación creada en 1718, y el tercero, examina el papel de la Intendencia durante el ataque inglés de 1719. La documentación manejada permite comprobar las numerosas dificultades a las que debió hacer frente la nueva autoridad en esos años y los escasos resultados de su gestión. La presión de los poderes tradicionales, que responsabilizaban al intendente de la falta de medios para hacer frente a la invasión inglesa, complicó mucho su posición. Pero fue el pragmatismo de la Corte el que provocó el traslado del intendente gallego, debilitando en la práctica una institución a la que había dotado de amplias capacidades militares en la ordenanza de 1718.
The 9 November 2002 Earthquake in the Northeast of the Russian Plate (Komi Republic)
Authors: Noskova N.N. , Morozov A.N. , Vaganova N.V.
Published: October 2020

—The East European Platform (EEP) is characterized by a rather weak seismicity. The south of the Komi Republic is the most seismically active territory in the northeast of the EEP. The 1939 Sysola earthquake (grade 7), one of the strongest earthquakes in the European north of the 20th century, occurred there. Many world’s seismic stations recorded an earthquake in the Priluzsky region of the republic on 9 November 2002, but it was not thoroughly studied and is not considered in literature. In this work we recalculate the parameters of the earthquake hypocenter, substantiate its tectonic nature, construct its focal mechanism, and describe its tectonic position. For processing, we used data on 86 seismic phases from 58 stations with epicentral distances from 5.9 to 57°, azimuth angles from 1.5 to 341.7°, and the maximum azimuthal gap of 70°. The following parameters of the hypocenter were obtained: t0 = 06 h 47 min 17.9 s, 59.93° N, 49.76° E, Rminor = 7.7 km, Rmajor = 10.7 km, Azmajor = 20°, h = 16 km, and Ms = 3.4/5. The earthquake is localized in the upper crust and is confined to the zone of the junction of the eastern slope of the Sysola arch and the western flank of the Kirov–Kazhim aulacogen of the Volga–Ural anteclise of the Russian Plate. We have established a strike-slip fault focal mechanism of the earthquake, which corresponds to the latest stress field of the region. The estimated axis parameters (value, azimuth, plunge) are as follows: T = 0.707, 90.0, 0; N = 0, 0, 39.792; and P = –0.707, 180.0, 50.208. The plane parameters (strike, dip, slip) are estimated at 327, 57, –140° for the first plane and 213, 57, –40° for the second plane. The recorded seismic events in the northeast of the Russian Plate indicate that the platform area is not seismically passive. The performed research shows that recent seismotectonic processes are related to the structure and state of the Earth’s crust within the platform.
Regional Magnetostratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous and the Cretaceous–Paleogene Boundary in Southern West Siberia as Applied to Complitation of the Cretaceous Magnetic-Polarity Scale
Authors: Gnibidenko Z.N. , Kuzmina O.B. , Levicheva A.V.
Published: October 2020

—Magnetostratigraphic data from wells in southern West Siberia that strip the Upper Cretaceous and Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary strata in three areas (three wells in the Omsk Basin, two wells in the Bakchar Iron Basin, and two wells in the southern Kulunda Basin) are used to compile the respective regional magnetic-polarity scale. According to the available biostratigraphic constraints, the deposition spanned the period from Albian to Bartonian. The reported regional polarity scale is based on integrated paleomagnetic and biostratigraphic data from the seven wells and comprises four Upper Cretaceous zones of normal (NK1-2(al-st) and NK2mt) and reverse (RK2km and RK2mt) polarity corresponding to the C34, C33r, C31r, and C30n Chrons of the global magnetic polarity scale and four Paleogene zones of reverse polarity: R1E1zl, R2E1t, R1E2t-i(?), and R1E2l-b, with the first two correlating with the C26r and C25r Chrons. Some of the Upper Cretaceous magnetozones enclose thin intervals (microzones) of the opposite polarity. The regional Cretaceous–Paleogene magnetic-polarity scale of southern West Siberia reveals several deposition gaps from 6 to 28 Myr long. The magnetostratigraphic data can be used to determine deposition rates and can make reference for local, regional, and global correlations of geologic events given that polarity reversals are of global extent.
A Physicochemical Model of Gold Transformation in the Wastes of Processed Pyrite–Polymetallic Ores (Salair Ridge, Russia)
Authors: Khusainova A.Sh. , Gaskova O.L. , Kalinin Yu.A. , Bortnikova S.B.
Published: October 2020

—Gold-bearing dumps of processed pyrite–polymetallic ores of the Ursk ore field (Novo-Urskoe and Beloklyuchevskoe deposits, Salair Ridge) have been studied. Physicochemical modeling of the gold behavior in wastes allowed us to describe quantitatively the gold precipitation process in different horizons of the dumps. In the upper part of the sulfide-rich section, sulfide minerals undergo intense oxidation accompanied by the dissolution of structural and surface-bound gold. Gold redeposition on the pyrite surface (sorption reduction barrier) as a result of electrochemical processes is accompanied by the formation of heavy-metal sulfates and barite. Under the sorption barrier, there is a loose leaching horizon with high humidity, where gold is present in pore solutions as thiosulfate, hydrosulfide, and hydroxo complexes; its content reaches 68 mg/L. In the middle part of the section, composed of compact siliceous sandstones (hardpan), high-grade (up to 973‰) gold forms through the disintegration of thiosulfate complexes, but its content decreases to 10-6 mg/L (lithologic reduction barrier). No visible gold was found in the lower part of the section (soil bed), but its high contents (up to 0.35–0.42 g/L) might be due to the sorption by organic high-molecular compounds, such as humic acids. The morphology and chemical composition of native gold from the gold-containing dumps of processed pyrite–polymetallic ores have been first studied. It is shown that the gold surface has traces of supergene transformations, e.g., gold nano- and microparticles as sponge overgrowth on the gold or barite particle surface or as newly formed gold phases in Fe, Mn, and Al hydroxide films.
Chlorine in the Earth’s Mantle as an Indicator of the Global Recycling of Oceanic Crust
Authors: Asafov E.V. , Sobolev A.V. , Batanova V.G. , Portnyagin M.V.
Published: October 2020

—Homogenized melt inclusions in olivine were studied in Archean komatiites from the Barberton Greenstone Belt, Weltevreden Formation in South Africa (3.3 Ga), Abitibi Greenstone Belt in Canada (2.72 Ga), and the Belingwe Greenstone Belt in Zimbabwe (2.69 Ga). Contamination of the komatiite melts with crustal material enriched in Rb, Cl, and H2O during the crystallization of olivine is demonstrated. Uncontaminated melts have mantle Rb/Nb ratios but are significantly enriched in Cl and H2O relative to K and Ce, respectively, exhibiting similar incompatibility during crystallization and partial mantle melting. These observations suggest the presence of a chlorine- and water-enriched mantle source before 3.3 Ga. The excess Cl and H2O contents in the komatiites are assumed to result from the interaction of partially molten mantle plumes with the mantle transition zone. The most likely source of Cl and H2O enriching the deep mantle is the oceanic lithosphere that endured a seafloor alteration. We conclude that the recycling of the altered oceanic lithosphere into the mantle, probably via subduction, began in the first billion years of the Earth’s history. Delamination of the Archean crust could not cause transport of chlorine and water into the deep mantle.
WASTEWATER PURIFICATION FROM ANTIBIOTICS WITH SIMULTANIOUS BIOGAS PRODUCTION
Authors: Shinkarchuk Malvina Volodimirivna , Golub Natalia , Ying Zhu , Kozlovets Olexandr , Levtun Igor , Ranra Shan
Published: October 2020

The possibility of biogas obtaining in a pharmaceutical plant anaerobic wastewater treatment process, which contains antibiotics of different classes (tetracycline, norfloxacin, cephalosporin, penicillin) has been studied. The enzymatic process was conducted in the mesophilic regime (37 ± 1 ° C) using free-floating and granulated anaerobic sludge. As granulation centers, talc-based sorbents were used. It was shown that wastewater treatment efficiency depends on the inoculum type, wastewater component composition and antibiotics content. With the use of granulated anaerobic sludge, during distillery wastewater treatment with norfloxacin content 10 mg / dm3 and tetracycline 191 cm3 / g of wastewater the biogas yield reaches 254 cm3 / g of wastewater, and methane content reaches 70%.
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON BIOSYNTHESIS OF VALUABLE ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTITUMOR NANO-SILVER USING FRESH WATER GREEN AND BLUE-GREEN MICROALGAE
Authors: Abd El Aty Abeer , Alharbia Reem , Soliman Ahmed
Published: October 2020

Two levels Plackett-Burman experimental design was employed to screen the main factors that significantly affect the synthesis of bioactive silver nanoparticles. Scenedesmus obliquus ethanol extract, Scenedesmus obliquus dried algal powder and Spirulina platensis aqueous extract   were the most favorable reducing and capping agents. Also the high pH value (10), rpm (150), high concentration of AgNO3 (4 mM) and dark conditions had the highest significant influence on biosynthesis of active nanoparticles. Characterizations of the formed AgNPs were approved by UV–Visible Spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. The nanoparticles were varied in sizes and shape that ranged between 2.83 and 27.17nm, depending on the organism used and the method of biosynthesis. Valuable inhibitory effects were showed by all bio-synthesized nanoparticles against four tested Gram- positive and Gram- negative bacteria, except that formed by Spirulina platensis powder. Moreover, the nanoparticles exhibited wide range of antifungal activities. AgNPs prepared from ethanol extract of Spirulina platensis was the most active against HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines, with IC50values 62.1 and 56.2 ug/mL, respectively. The obtained results, indicated the advantages of AgNPs from microalgae and possible industrial applications as a source of antifungal, antibacterial, and antitumor formulation.
PRODUCTION OF SINGLE CELL OIL FROM LOCAL ISOLATES OF Rhodotorula glutinis
Authors: Qasim Wjdan Salim , Sultan Raad Hassani
Published: October 2020

This study includes isolation and characterization of local isolates of Rhodotorula glutinis. From twenty-seven samples, three isolates showed yeast morphology and pigmented with orange-red. These isolates were subjected to biochemical tests and the results revealed that the three isolates have the characteristics of Rhodotorula glutinis. Effects of different incubation periods on growth and single cell oil (SCO) production showed that a maximum lipid content and productivity was 12.27 g/L and 64.74%, respectively after 4 days of incubation by the strain Rhodotorula glutinis WS9. A study of effect of different carbon sources revealed that the best carbon source for maximum oil production and oil productivity was glucose, which gave 12.15 g/L and 64.38%, respectively. Glucose concentration of 80 g/L gave a maximum oil content (13.76 g/L) and oil productivity (73.97%), whereas glucose 40 g/L concentration supported a maximum yeast growth (18.90 g/L). Ammonium sulfate was the best nitrogenous source to get a maximum dry biomass, lipid content and lipid productivity which reached to the 18.92 g/L, 12.21 g/L and 64.53%, respectively. 1.0% (w/v) ammonium sulfate was optimum for lipid content and lipid productivity which gave 14.96 g/L and 71.88%, respectively. Initial pH effects study revealed that the optimal initial pH was 6.5 which recorded 18.99 g/L, 12.23 g/L and 64.40% for dry biomass, lipid content and productivity, respectively.
THE EFFECT OF APRICOT SEEDS ON MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF RABBIT LIVER
Authors: Kolesárová Adriana , Džurňáková Veronika , Michalcová Katarína , Baldovská Simona , Chrastinová Ľubica , Ondruška Ľubomír , Jurčík Rastislav , Tokárová Katarína , Kováčiková Eva , Kováčik Anton , Massányi Peter
Published: October 2020

Natural phytosubstances, such as amygdalin, used in alternative medicine has gained popularity. However, some researchers suspect the protective properties of amygdalin due to a lack of clinical studies. The aim of the present in vivo study was to determine the effect of apricot seed administration on microscopic changes in the liver using a rabbit as a biological model. Sixteen male rabbits 45 days old were randomly divided into four groups (control group without any apricot seed administration, and experimental groups fed by crushed apricot seeds at the doses 60, 300 and 420 mg/kg b.w., mixed with commercial feed), which was administered orally a daily during a ten-month period. The liver tissue samples were evaluated by histological analysis. Significant changes were observed in the microscopic structure of rabbit livers after apricot seed ingestion. The morphometric evaluation of rabbit livers after the application of apricot seeds showed an increase of binucleated cells in the vena centralis region (P≤0.001) at the highest dose and in the peripheral zone at all the doses used (P≤0.001, P≤0.01, P≤0.05) compared to control. On the other hand, distinct inhibition in the number of binucleated cells in the region vena centralis at the doses 300 (P≤0.01) and 420 mg/kg b.w. (P≤0.05) and in the peripheral zone at all the doses used (P≤0.001, P≤0.01) was observed. No significant differences between the control and experimental groups in vena centralis after apricot seed treatment were found (P≥0.05). In addition, the effect of apricot seeds on the relative volume of liver structures – vena centralis, stroma and parenchyma after the application of apricot seeds to rabbit males were assessed. No significant differences between control and experimental groups in the relative volume of vena centralis were found (P≥0.05). On the other hand, the relative volume of the stroma was increased at doses 60 (P≤0.05) and 300 (P≤0.01) mg/kg b.w. Interestingly, the relative volume of parenchyma was significantly decreased (P≤0.05) after the application of apricot seeds in two experimental groups 60 and 300 mg/kg b.w. The current study provides experimental evidence that apricot seeds might affect the liver microscopic structure in rabbits in vivo and thus amygdalin present in apricot seeds might present a potential risk for animal health. However, the toxic effect could not be accurately corroborated, as in many cases changes were dose-dependent and not recorded at the highest dose used in the study.
Vom Emblem zum Meme
Authors: Dreyfürst Stephanie
Published: October 2020

Embleme waren im Humanismus das, was im digitalen Zeitalter Memes sind. Der kulturhistorische Beitrag vergleicht frühneuzeitliche Embleme mit zeitgenössischen Memes. Anhand ausgewählter Beispiele wird gezeigt, welche Konstanten aus kulturhistorischer Perspektive zwischen der Emblem- und Memekultur bestehen.