bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving the Quality of Care for Patients Diagnosed With Glioma During the Perioperative Period
Authors: Riblet Natalie B.V. , Schlosser Evelyn M. , Homa Karen , Snide Jennifer A. , Jarvis Lesley A. , Simmons Nathan E. , Sargent David H. , Mason Linda P. , Cooney Tobi J. , Kennedy Nancy L. , Fadul Camilo E.
Published: November 2014

QI principles were used by a multidisciplinary team to improve the quality of care in patients with glioma during the perioperative period. Ongoing dialogue across departments and reporting of system performance were important for sustaining process improvements.
Untangling dopamine-adenosine receptor assembly in experimental parkinsonism
Authors: Fernández-Dueñas Víctor , Taura Jaume J. , Cottet Martin , Gómez-Soler Maricel , López-Cano Marc , Ledent Catherine , Watanabe Masahiko , Trinquet Eric , Pin Jean-Philippe , Luján Rafael , Durroux Thierry , Ciruela Francisco
Published: November 2014

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a dopaminergic-related pathology in which basal ganglia functioning are altered. It has been postulated that a direct receptor-receptor – i.e. dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) and adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) – interaction may be finely regulating this brain area. Accordingly, elucidating whether the pathology prompts changes on these structures could grant valuable information for the design of new PD therapies. Here, we first resolved a long-standing question concerning D2R-A2AR assembly in native tissue. Thus, by means of different complementary experimental approaches (i.e. immunoelectron microscopy, proximity ligation assay and TR-FRET), we unambiguously identified native D2R/A2AR oligomers in rat striatum. Subsequently, we determined that under pathological conditions (i.e. in a rat PD model) D2R-A2AR interaction was impaired. Collectively, these results provide definitive evidence for a native D2R/A2AR oligomer alteration in experimental parkinsonism, thus conferring the rationale for appropriate oligomer-based PD treatments.
Cytotoxic, Anti-inflammatory, and Antibacterial Sulfur-Containing Polybromoindoles from the Formosan Red Alga Laurencia brongniartii
Authors: Fang Hui-Yu , Chiou Shu-Fen , Uvarani Chokkalingam , Wen Zih-Hong , Hsu Chi-Hsin , Wu Yang-Chang , Wang Wei-Lung , Liaw Chih-Chuang , Sheu Jyh-Horng
Published: November 2014

A new polybrominated indole, 4,5,6-tribromo-2-methylsulfinylindole (1), and eleven known metabolites 2–12 were isolated from the acetone extract of the red alga Laurencia brongniartii. Structure of the new compound 1 was elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities of these sulfur-containing polybromoindoles were evaluated.
Developing a Support Vector Machine Based QSPR Model for Prediction of Atmospheric Lifetime of Some Halocarbons
Authors: Fatemi Mohammad Hossein , Samghani Kobra
Published: November 2014

In this work, the atmospheric lifetime of 60 halocarbons was estimated from their theoretical derived molecular descriptors by applying quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) methodology. The most relevant descriptors selected by stepwise multiple linear regression were used for developing linear and nonlinear models by using multiple linear regression and support vector machine, respectively. Here we show that the support vector machine model is finely capable for predicting the lifetime of halocarbons. The built support vector machine model was assessed by leave one out cross-validation (Q2 = 0.928, SPRESS = 0.479) and Y-randomization test (R2 = 0.222 for 25 trail) as well as external validation test. The developed support vector machine model was used for prediction of the atmospheric lifetime of some halocarbons with lifetimes not reported experimentally.
“The Charge of Religion Belongeth unto Princes”: Peter Martyr Vermigli on the Unity of Civil and Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction
Authors: Kirby Torrance
Published: November 2014

Untersucht wird eine Kontroverse um das Fasten, die in England im Herbst 1562 ausgetragen wurde und die den Klerikern der englischen Staatskirche deutlich werden ließ, wie stark das elisabethanische „church settlement“ Elemente katholischer Frömmigkeit aufrechterhielt. Daher bemühten sich die calvinistisch Denkenden unter den Kleriker der Church of England in der Kontroverse mit John Sanderson einerseits, die Wichtigkeit des Fastens hervorzuheben, andererseits, sich von der katholischen Praxis mit ihren Vorschriften und Verboten zu distanzieren.
Specific or Generic “Gentile Tale”? Sources on the Breslau Host Desecration (1453) Reconsidered
Authors: Joldersma Hermina
Published: November 2014

Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert die Funktion von Erzählungen über Hostienschändungen in der spätmittelalterlichen Gesellschaft. Untersucht werden drei Quellengruppen (Lieder, Exempla und „historische“ Erzählungen), die über die Breslauer Hostienschändung von 1453 berichten. Die Darstellungen werden miteinander verglichen und in den Kontext ihres literarischen Genres, ihrer Herkunft und ihrer Funktion gestellt. Die Erzählungen über die Hostienschändung können als typisches Beispiel einer „gentile tale“ (Miri Rubin) gelten: eine Geschichte, die von Christen för Christen erzählt wurde und eine spezifische Funktion in der christlichen Gesellschaft hatte. Die Funktion der hier untersuchten Erzählungen ist im Kontext der Devotio Moderna in den Niederlanden und in Deutschland zu suchen.
Zur Geschichtstheologie der Täufer
Authors: Burschel Peter
Published: November 2014

Proceeding from the question of to what extent even the Anabaptists hoped to be able to become as they thought they had been, the author attempts by means of historical theology to decipher both of their most important martyrologies: the Geschichtbuech| of the Hutterites, which arose around 1570 in Moravia; and the Bloedig Tooneel Der Doops-gesinde, En Weereloose Christenen, by the Mennonite Tielemann Jansz van Braght from Dordrecht, which first appeared in 1660. Although both martyrologies aimed at a common goal - the moral renewal of the Anabaptist communities in times of “beautiful illusion” [des schönen Scheins|] - the descriptions of the past are fundamentally different. The Geschichtbuech| rests upon historical exclusivity and reflects the still very pronounced separatism of the Hutterites, whereas the Bloedig Tooneel| contains a sense of historical continuity. The latter consequently strengthens the consciousness of the dangers of the world, without categorically ruling out some social participation by the Mennonites.
Miszelle: Ein unbekannter Brief Andreas Osianders: Ein Nachtrag zur Osiander-Gesamtausgabe
Authors: Seebaß Gottfried
Published: November 2014

This is an addendum to the edition of the works of Andreas Osiander. It is a letter from the Nuremberg reformer to Christoph Ering, who had been dismissed as chaplain of George, duke of Saxony, in 1529 because of his Protestant preaching. Osiander reports on the different versions of the Confutatio, the Catholic response to the Confessio Augustana.
,(Ent)konfessionalisierung‘ (1935) und ,Konfessionalisierung‘ (1981)
Authors: Zwierlein Cornel
Published: November 2014

This article is a contribution to the historical understanding of the confessionalization paradigm overwhelmingly successful in the German and also in the international historiography since it was first formulated in 1981 by Heinz Schilling and Wolfgang Reinhard. The standard accounts of the genesis of this concept refer back no further than to Ernst Walter Zeeden’s Post-War concept of confessions’ formation (Konfessionsbildung|) developed in the 1960s. The argument developed here seeks out earlier roots in the Pre-War-Period. Interpreting confessionalization as a theoretical discourse in the sense set out by A. J. Greimas and P. Zima possessing its own discursive structure, its typical actors and modalities, a comparison is developed between this theoretical| discourse of the 1980s and the ideological| discourse of deconfessionalization and confessionalization presented in the Nazi Period after 1935. The suggestion is not made that there are direct ‘Nazi relics’ in Schilling’s and Reinhard’s confessionalization discourse in the sense of complete identities of meanings and certainly there are no ideological continuities. But the comparison of the discourses does show structural similarities regarding the notion of ‘confessionalization’ in terms of its being brought about spontaneously or by design, of its assumption of functional comparability between the confessions, of its description of the state-church relationship, and of its concentration on social disciplining as the major modernization element of confessionalization.
Amitriptyline and aerobic exercise or amitriptyline alone in the treatment of chronic migraine: a randomized comparative study
Authors: Santiago Michelle Dias Santos , Carvalho Deusvenir de Souza , Gabbai Alberto Alain , Pinto Mariana Machado Pereira , Moutran Andrea Regina Correa , Villa Thais Rodrigues
Published: November 2014

To compare the preventive treatment benefits of amitriptyline and aerobic exercise or amitriptyline alone in patients with chronic migraine. Method Sixty patients, both genders, aged between 18 and 50 years, with a diagnosis of chronic migraine, were randomized in groups called amitriptyline and aerobic exercise or amitriptyline alone. The following parameters were evaluated: headache frequency, intensity and duration of headache, days of the analgesic medication use, body mass index (BMI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) scores. Results In the evaluated parameters, was observed decrease in headache frequency (p=0.001), moderate intensity (p=0.048), in headache duration (p=0.001), the body mass index (p=0.001), Beck Depression Inventory (p=0.001) and Beck Anxiety Inventory scores (p=0.001), when groups were compared in the end of third month. Conclusion In this study, the amitriptyline was an effective treatment for chronic migraine, but its efficacy was increased when combined with aerobic exercise.
Perfil clínico e sociodemográfico de pacientes com esquizofrenia refratária tratados em um centro terciário
Authors: Cezaretto Marceli , Silva Ester Franco de Souza Freitas , Ambrizzi Ariane , Biase Victor Eduardo Dutra de , Silva Elissandro de Freitas , Cruz Emirene Maria Trevisan Navarro da , Borghi Fabio Aparecido , Araújo Filho Gerardo Maria de
Published: November 2014

Objetivos A esquizofrenia está associada a alto grau de incapacidade e importantes déficits neuropsicológicos, sociais e vocacionais. Pesquisas têm sido realizadas com o objetivo de identificar fatores preditivos para refratariedade, a fim de melhorar o tratamento e a qualidade de vida do paciente com esquizofrenia. O presente estudo teve o objetivo de verificar a frequência de pacientes com esquizofrenia refratária acompanhados em serviço terciário, estabelecer o perfil clínico e sociodemográfico e analisar possíveis fatores associados à refratariedade clínica. Métodos Sessenta e oito pacientes com esquizofrenia foram incluídos no estudo, sendo 36 refratários ao tratamento (52,9%). Os dados clínicos e sociodemográficos de ambos os grupos foram coletados, analisados e comparados. Um modelo de regressão logística foi elaborado com o objetivo de analisar possíveis fatores associados à refratariedade clínica. Resultados Entre o grupo refratário, houve maior frequência do sexo masculino (p = 0,03), número de antipsicóticos em uso (p < 0,01), internações ao longo da vida (p < 0,01) e de polifarmácia (p < 0,01). Escolaridade, estado civil, história familiar de esquizofrenia e uso de substâncias não foram confirmados como associados à refratariedade. Observou-se atraso temporal entre o estabelecimento da refratariedade clínica e a introdução da clozapina, indicado como o melhor antipsicótico para o tratamento de esquizofrenia refratária. Conclusão É importante e necessário o desenvolvimento de mais pesquisas a fim de investigar possíveis fatores clínicos e sociodemográficos preditores de refratariedade em pacientes com esquizofrenia, objetivando o início mais precoce de ações terapêuticas.
Aspectos nutricionais e ambientais da obesidade canina
Authors: Aptekmann Karina Preising , Suhett Weslem Garcia , Mendes Junior Aguinaldo Francisco , Souza Graziela Baroni , Tristão Ana Paula Pinto Araújo , Adams Felipe Kunz , Aoki Caroline Godoi , Palacios Junior Reinaldo Juan Garrido , Carciofi Aulus Cavalieri , Tinucci-Costa Mirela
Published: November 2014

A obesidade é a doença nutricional mais frequente em cães, leva a uma série de alterações nas funções corporais e limita a longevidade dos animais. Vários fatores contribuem para o desenvolvimento da obesidade em cães, como genética, raça, idade, falta de atividade física, composição calórica dos alimentos, tipo e a forma de alimentação, distúrbios hormonais, medicamentos e fatores relacionados com os proprietários. Devido à falta de estudos sobre os aspectos nutricionais e ambientais envolvidos no desenvolvimento da obesidade canina, o presente trabalho objetivou obter estas informações por meio de enquetes a proprietários. Foram realizadas 254 entrevistas com proprietários de cães com sobrepeso ou obesos, atendidos em Hospitais Veterinários Universitários. Selecionaram-se cães com escore de condição corporal (ECC) de 6 a 9, de acordo com escala descrita por LAFLAMME (1997). A maioria dos cães acometidos eram fêmeas adultas castradas, sem raça definida (33%) ou Poodles (17%). De acordo com 36% dos respondentes, o excesso de alimento era a possível razão do ganho de peso dos animais. Apenas 52% dos proprietários tentaram realizar controle de peso do seu animal, principalmente reduzindo a quantidade de alimento. Não houve correlação entre a condição corporal do proprietário, nível de escolaridade, renda familiar e ambiente domiciliar dos proprietários com o ECC dos animais. As informações obtidas podem auxiliar na identificação dos fatores nutricionais e ambientais envolvidos no desenvolvimento da obesidade em cães, podendo adotar medidas preventivas e desenvolver melhores estratégias para o tratamento
Fitting nonlinear autoregressive models to describe coffee seed germination
Authors: Sousa Iábita Fabiana , Kunzle Neto Johan Eugen , Muniz Joel Augusto , Guimarães Renato Mendes , Savian Taciana Villela , Muniz Fabiana Rezende
Published: November 2014

Cumulative germination of coffee has a longitudinal behavior mathematically characterized by a sigmoidal model. In the seed germination evaluation, the study of the germination curve may contribute to better understanding of this process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the goodness of fit of Logistic and Gompertz models, with independent and first-order autoregressive errors structure, AR (1), in the description of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) line Catuai vermelho IAC 99 germination, at five different potential germination. The data used were from an experiment conducted in 2011 at the Seed Analysis Laboratory of the Federal University of Lavras. The Logistic and Gompertz nonlinear models were appropriately adjusted to the percentage germination data. The Gompertz model with first-order autoregressive errors structure was the best to describe the germination process
Inativação termoquímica de Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus e Salmonella enterica Enteritidis por óleos essenciais
Authors: Pereira Alcilene de Abreu , Piccoli Roberta Hilsdorf , Batista Nádia Nara , Camargos Natália Gonçalves , Oliveira Maíra Maciel Mattos de
Published: November 2014

O controle do crescimento microbiano tanto na indústria de alimentos quanto em ambientes hospitalares é de extrema importância. Entretanto, observa-se aumento da resistência dos microrganismos aos desinfetantes mais empregados, observando-se a necessidade de estudos com novos antimicrobianos. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana e a curva de morte termoquímica de soluções desinfetantes de óleos essenciais sobre Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus e Salmonella Enteritidis. Foram utilizados os óleos essenciais de Thymus vulgaris (tomilho), Elettaria cardamomum (cardamomo), Eugenia caryophyllus (cravo botão) e Foeniculum vulgare dulce (funcho doce). As concentrações mínimas inibitórias foram determinadas utilizando-se a técnica de diluição em placas. As concentrações testadas foram de (%): 0,00; 0,25; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0; 2,5; 3,0; 3,5; 4,0; 4,5; e 5,0. Escherichia coli foi a única bactéria sensível a todos os óleos em concentrações abaixo de 5%. Cravo da índia não inibiu o crescimento de S. aureus nas concentrações testadas. Somente o óleo essencial de tomilho inibiu o crescimento de Salmonella Enteritidis. Observando-se as curvas de morte termoquímica de S. aureus, nota-se que a solução desinfetante contendo óleo essencial de tomilho foi a mais eficiente, tanto a 25 quanto a 40°C, sendo necessário apenas 10min. de contato para não serem mais detectadas células viáveis. A solução desinfetante contendo 0,25% de óleo essencial de tomilho, tanto a 25 quanto a 40°C, eliminou as células de S. Enteritidis após10min. de contato. Já pra E. coli , os melhores resultados foram obtidos com as soluções desinfetantes contendo óleos essenciais de funcho doce e cravo da índia a 25 e 40°C e tomilho a 40°C. Todos os tratamentos, exceto aqueles contendo óleo essencial de cardamomo, reduziram o número de células viáveis das bactérias testadas em pelo menos 5 ciclos log, sendo considerados adequados para utilização como desinfetantes
A incorporação de calcário em sistema plantio direto consolidado reduz o estoque de carbono em macroagregados do solo
Authors: Yagi Renato , Fidalski Jonez , Tormena Cássio Antonio
Published: November 2014

Estoques de carbono em macroagregados do solo possuem relação com a taxa de sequestro de C no solo em sistema plantio direto. Objetivou-se avaliar os estoques de carbono em macroagregados (12,5-19,0mm) em função do revolvimento ocasional e/ou da calagem de um Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico típico textura muito argilosa, sob sistema plantio direto há 17 anos em Pato Branco, sudoeste do Paraná. A partir de outubro de 2009, foi avaliado um experimento em parcelas sub-subdivididas, tendo como parcelas, épocas de amostragens após 6, 12 e 20 meses do revolvimento do solo e/ou calagem; nas subparcelas, manejos de solo, sem e com revolvimento do solo com uma aração e uma gradagem; e, nas sub-subparcelas, níveis de calagem, sem e com calcário para elevar o índice de saturação por bases para 70%. Dos 6 aos 12 meses, a aplicação de calcário em superfície ou incorporado aumentou os estoques de C dos macroagregados na camada de 0,10-0,20m. Após 20 meses, a incorporação de calcário em solo reduziu os estoques de C dos macroagregados somente na camada de 0-0,10m. Assim, a calagem na superfície é fundamental para a manutenção e aumento dos estoques de C em macroagregados de solo sob sistema plantio direto, mantendo-o consolidado
Riqueza e distribuição temporal de anuros (Amphibia: Anura) em um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista
Authors: Santos Eduardo J. , Conte Carlos E.
Published: November 2014

Apesar do Brasil abrigar uma riqueza elevada de anfíbios anuros, muitas regiões ainda são consideradas subamostradas, incluindo ecossistemas que estão degradados e ameaçados. Esse é o caso da Floresta Ombrófila Mista (FOM), formação que possui apenas 3% de sua distribuição original, sendo que apenas uma porcentagem menor ainda constitui florestas em estágio primário ou avançado. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a estrutura de uma taxocenose de anuros em um remanescente de FOM, avaliar a variação de riqueza e abundância em função de variáveis climáticas, comparar a taxocenose com outras oito inseridas na mesma formação e verificar se a riqueza registrada nas localidades varia em função da área total, da quantidade ou dos tipos de ambientes presentes. Foram realizadas 12 campanhas entre setembro de 2008 e agosto de 2009, totalizando 72 horas de amostragem. Por meio dos métodos de amostragem em sítio de reprodução em sete corpos d'água e de busca aural em quatro transecções no interior da floresta, foi registrada a ocorrência de 24 espécies de sete famílias, correspondendo a 96% da riqueza estimada para a área. Tanto a riqueza quanto a abundância foram registradas no período com maior volume de chuva. O número de espécies nos ambientes amostrados variou de um a 15, e quase metade (41%) delas foram exclusivas de ambientes florestais. Para os inventários de anuros em FOM, o que explica a maior riqueza de espécies é a quantidade de tipos de ambientes amostrados, indicando que amostragens em localidades mais heterogêneas, que podem satisfazer os requisitos reprodutivos de um maior número de espécies, aumentam o registro da riqueza local. Mesmo sendo um fragmento pequeno e alterado, a riqueza registrada foi alta se comparada com outras áreas cuja anurofauna foi inventariada, e que estão inseridas na FOM e apresentam esforço amostral semelhante. Devido à ocorrência de muitas espécies dependentes da integridade da floresta a minimização de atividades antrópicas e estudos mais detalhados devem ser as principais diretrizes para a manutenção e conservação local.
Seed germination performances of Styrax species help understand their distribution in Cerrado areas in Brazil
Authors: Kissmann Camila , Habermann Gustavo
Published: November 2014

In this descriptive paper, we described germination responses of Styrax pohlii, S. camporum and S. ferrugineus seeds at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 °C. We also assessed the percentage germination (%G) of S. pohlii seeds with different seed water contents because, as a forest species, it seems to have recalcitrant seed behavior. Intrigued by the capacity of seeds of this species to germinate directly from puddles formed on poorly drained soils of riparian forests, where it typically occurs, we also tested the effect of de-pulping fruits on germination of S. pohlii seeds under hypoxia and normoxia conditions. In addition, we checked whether distinct concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3) could break S. ferrugineus seed dormancy, a typical seed behavior of Cerrado species. No germination occurred at 5, 40 and 45 °C, regardless of the species. The optimal temperature for germination was 20 °C for S. pohlii and 25 °C for S. camporum. However, S. ferrugineus seeds showed a very low %G, regardless of the temperature, and GA3 could not consistently break possible physiological seed dormancy. For S. pohlii seeds, the higher the seed desiccation the lower the %G, and fruit pulp removal showed to be essential for seed germination. S. pohlii seeds germinated independently of oxygenation conditions.
Adaptabilidade e estabilidade de clones de cana-de-açúcar
Authors: Fernandes Júnior Antonio Ribeiro , Andrade João Antonio da Costa , Santos Pedro César dos , Hoffmann Hermann Paulo , Chapola Roberto Giacomini , Carneiro Monalisa Sampaio , Cursi Danilo Eduardo
Published: November 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar clones de cana-de-açúcar produtivos, com boa estabilidade e adaptabilidade no estado de São Paulo e, também, identificar locais mais representativos para seleção e experimentação. Foram avaliados dez clones e duas testemunhas comerciais de maturação média-tardia em primeira soca de experimentos colhidos em agosto de 2009, utilizando o método de regressão bissegmentada e análise AMMI (Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction Analysis). Os resultados dos dois métodos foram comparados e evidenciaram que os clones RB975201, RB975157, RB975932, RB975242 e RB975162 foram os mais promissores devido à produtividade superior à das testemunhas, a alta estabilidade verificada em um ou nos dois métodos e a adaptabilidade ampla ou específica. O ambiente Tarumã apresentou maior estabilidade e capacidade de discriminação entre os genótipos, o que permite um ordenamento mais confiável em relação à média geral dos ambientes testados.
Crescimento, composição mineral e fenóis totais de espécies de Passiflora em função de fontes nitrogenadas
Authors: Sousa Liliane Barroso de , Heitor Letícia Celia , Santos Paulo Cesar dos , Freitas Jalille Amim Altoé , Freitas Marta Simone Mendonça de , Freitas Silvio de Jesus , Carvalho Almy Junior Cordeiro de
Published: November 2014

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de fontes nitrogenadas sobre o crescimento inicial, os teores nutricionais e os fenóis totais contidos nas folhas do ramo primário de três espécies de Passiflora e ainda, os efeitos dessas fontes sobre a composição química do substrato de cultivo. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento em blocos casualizados em sistema fatorial 4×3, sendo quatro fontes nitrogenadas (esterco bovino + nitrato de amônio; esterco bovino + sulfato de amônio; esterco bovino + ureia e esterco bovino) e três espécies de Passiflora (Passiflora edulis, Passiflora alata e Passiflora ligularis), com quatro repetições. A espécie P. edulis apresentou maior comprimento, diâmetro e número de brotações do ramo primário em relação às espécies P. alata, e P. ligularis. Os maiores teores de fenóis totais e menores teores de N na massa seca foliar foram observados nas espécies P. alata e P. ligularis adubadas apenas com esterco bovino. Entre as espécies de Passiflora estudadas, a espécie P. edulis apresentou maiores teores foliares de N, P, K e Ca. De acordo com a análise química dos substratos, o tratamento com apenas esterco bovino causou maior pH, maior teor de P e de K, maior soma de bases e maior índice de saturação de bases.
Sobre o estatuto epistemológico da racionalidade econômica segundo Karl Popper
Authors: Fernandez Brena Paula Magno , Bêrni Duilio de Avila
Published: November 2014

Três tipos de críticas são comumente levantadas contra a utilização do postulado da racionalidade na ciência econômica. A primeira delas associa-se ao argumento da circularidade, a segunda diz respeito à blindagem da teoria contra a refutação e a terceira - e mais importante delas - refere-se à inadequação empírica. O presente artigo busca encaminhar esta última, à luz do tratamento dado por Popper ao longo de sua carreira para a questão de qual seria o estatuto epistemológico do princípio da racionalidade nas teorias econômicas. Três possíveis respostas a esta questão são aqui examinadas, explicitando-se suas respectivas estruturas lógicas. A primeira delas propõe que o postulado da racionalidade desempenhe o papel de lei geral do comportamento humano. A segunda requer que ele funcione como um axioma da teoria. Finalmente, a terceira proposta sugere que o postulado da racionalidade seja entendido como regra metodológica. Conclui-se o artigo sugerindo que esta última solução satisfaz ao apelo que o tipo de crítica aqui examinada faz ao conceito de racionalidade. Não obstante, ao situar-se no contexto metateórico, o postulado da racionalidade mantém importância inegável na teoria econômica. Sem ele, não se disporia de instrumentos que conduzissem à seleção de dados empíricos voltados ao teste das teorias.
Nutritional profile of patients in a multidisciplinary treatment program for severe obesity and preoperative bariatric surgery
Authors: MAGNO Fernanda Cristina Carvalho Mattos , SILVA Monique Silveira da , COHEN Larissa , SARMENTO Luciana d´Abreu , ROSADO Eliane Lopes , CARNEIRO João Régis Ivar
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUND: Along with the augmentation in obesity rates in recent years, the demand for bariatric surgery has startlingly increased. Nutritional counseling in the preoperative period is very important because it contributes to higher success rate in the post-operative period. AIM: To assess the nutritional status of patients in a multidisciplinary program for the treatment of severe obesity and pre-operatively for bariatric surgery, characterizing the consumption of healthy nutrients. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 30 patients was conducted. Personal information, anthropometric data and dietary assessment by 24-hour food record were collected. The analysis of energy intake was performed in Dietpro 5.1 Professional(r) program. The statistical treatment of the caloric intake was performed by an ANOVA test with Bonferroni´s post hoc and for anthropometric data the paired t test was used. RESULTS: From the total, 73% of the patients were women and 27% male, mean age was 48.4+12.9 and 49.8+8.1, respectively. A lower weight in the 5th appointment was observed when compared with the 1st one. There was a reduction in caloric intake in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th appointments when compared with the 1st. It was observed that in the 5th appointment more than 50% of the patients underwent six meals a day. There was an increase in the consumption of fruit along the appointments and 72.2% of patients consumed 1-2 servings of fruit a day. Vegetables intake was high in all appointments in the pre-operative period and, although low, the whole grain products consumption has increased during the pre-operative period achieving 30% of the study population. CONCLUSION: There was a decrease in body weight, a trend in the decrease of the body mass index and waist circumference and quantitative and qualitative improvement of food consumption.
Implementing laparoscopy in Brazil´s National Public Health System: the bariatric surgeons´ point of view
Authors: SUSSENBACH Samanta , SILVA Everton N , PUFAL Milene Amarante , ROSSONI Carina , CASAGRANDE Daniela Schaan , PADOIN Alexandre Vontobel , MOTTIN Cláudio Corá
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUND: Although Brazilian National Public Health System (BNPHS) has presented advances regarding the treatment for obesity in the last years, there is a repressed demand for bariatric surgeries in the country. Despite favorable evidences to laparoscopy, the BNPHS only performs this procedure via laparotomy. AIM: 1) Estimate whether bariatric surgeons would support the idea of incorporating laparoscopic surgery in the BNPHS; 2) If there would be an increase in the total number of surgeries performed; 3) As well as how BNPHS would redistribute both procedures. METHODS: A panel of bariatric surgeons was built. Two rounds to answer the structured Delphi questionnaire were performed. RESULTS: From the 45 bariatric surgeons recruited, 30 (66.7%) participated in the first round. For the second (the last) round, from the 30 surgeons who answered the first round, 22 (48.9%) answered the questionnaire. Considering the possibility that BNPHS incorporated laparoscopic surgery, 95% of surgeons were interested in performing it. Therefore, in case laparoscopic surgery was incorporated by the BNPHS there would be an average increase of 25% in the number of surgeries and they would be distributed as follows: 62.5% via laparoscopy and 37.5% via laparotomy. CONCLUSION: 1) There was a preference by laparoscopy; 2) would increase the number of operations compared to the current model in which only the laparotomy is available to users of the public system; and 3) the distribution in relation to the type of procedure would be 62.5% and 37.5% for laparoscopy laparotomy.
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: limb length and weight loss
Authors: VALEZI Antonio Carlos , MARSON Antonio César , MERGUIZO Rodrigo Alves , COSTA Fernando Leão
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUND: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is a surgical technique widely used in the treatment of obesity. It is unclear, however, if the length of the biliopancreatic and alimentary limb interferes with the magnitude of weight loss. AIM: To evaluate if the length of these limbs is related to the percentage of weight loss one year after surgery. METHOD: One hundred and twenty obese people underwent surgery between 2009 and 2011. Patients were inserted into four groups: A) biliopancreatic limb with 50 cm length and alimentary limb with100 cm length; B) biliopancreatic limb with 50 cm length and alimentary limb with 150 cm length; C) biliopancreatic limb with 100 cm length and alimentary limb with100 cm length; D) biliopancreatic limb with 100 cm length and alimentary limb with150 cm length. Age, gender, body mass index and the percentage of total weight loss were analyzed. Data were collected preoperatively and one year after surgery. The groups were compared and weight loss compared between groups. RESULTS: The follow-up occurred in 78.3% of the sample. The composition of the groups was similar, with no statistical significance. The average age was 43 years in groups A, C and D and 42 years in group B. The female gender predominated in all groups (about 60% of the sample). The mean body mass index was 46 kg/m2 for groups A, C and D and 42 kg/m2 in group B. The percentage of weight loss was 33% for group A and 34% for groups B, C and D. There was no significant difference among groups. CONCLUSION: Different lengths of the biliopancreatic and alimentary limbs did not affect the percentage of total weight loss.
Vertical gastrectomy and gastric bypass in Roux-en-Y induce postoperative gastroesophageal reflux disease?
Authors: NASSIF Paulo Afonso Nunes , MALAFAIA Osvaldo , RIBAS-FILHO Jurandir Marcondes , CZECZKO Nicolau Gregori , GARCIA Rodrigo Ferreira , ARIEDE Bruno Luiz
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUND: The association between obesity and gastroesophageal reflux disease has a high incidence and may be present in half of obese patients with surgical indication. Bariatric operations can also induce reflux alone - differently from BMI factors - and its mechanisms are dependent on the type of procedure performed. OBJECTIVE: To perform a literature review comparing the two procedures currently most used for surgical treatment of obesity and analyze their relationship with the advent of pre-existing reflux disease or its appearance only in postoperative period. METHOD: The literature was reviewed in virtual database Medline/PubMed, SciELO, Lilacs, Embase and Cochrane crossing the following MeSH descriptors: gastric bypass AND / OR anastomosis, Roux-en-Y AND / OR gastroesophageal reflux AND / OR gastroenterostomy AND / OR gastrectomy AND / OR obesity AND / OR bariatric surgery AND / OR postoperative period. A total of 135 relevant references were considered but only 30 were used in this article. Also was added the experience of the authors of this article in handling these techniques on this field. CONCLUSION: The structural changes caused by surgical technique in vertical gastrectomy shows greater commitment of antireflux mechanisms predisposing the induction of GERD postoperatively compared to the surgical technique performed in the gastrointestinal Bypass Roux-en-Y.
Ports minimization with mini-port and liver flexible retractor: an ergonomic and aesthetic alternative for single port in laparoscopic gastric bypass
Authors: MOURA-JÚNIOR Luiz Gonzaga de , CASTRO-FILHO Heládio Feitosa de , MACHADO Francisco Heine Ferreira , BABADOPULOS Rodrigo Feitosa , FEIJÓ Francisca das Chagas , FERNANDES Silvana Duarte
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUND: The laparoscopic access, with its classically known benefits, pushed implementation in other components, better ergonomy and aesthetic aspect. AIM: To minimize the number and diameter of traditional portals using miniport and flexible liver retractor on bariatric surgery. METHOD: This prospective study was used in patients with less than 45 kg/m2, with peripheral fat, normal umbilicus implantation, without previous abdominoplasties. Were used one 30o optical device with 5 mm in diameter, four accesses (one mini of 3 mm to the left hand of the surgeon, one of 5 mm to the right hand alternating with optics, one of 12 mm for umbilical for surgical maneuvers as dissection, clipping, in/out of gauze, and one portal of 5 mm for the assistant surgeon), resulting in a total of 25 mm linear incision; additionally, one flexible liver retractor (covered with a nelaton probe to protect the liver parenchyma, anchored in the right diaphragmatic pillar and going out through the surgeon left portal) to visualize the esophagogastric angle. RESULTS: In selected patients (48 operations), gastric bypass was performed at a similar time to the procedures with larger diameters (5 or 6 portals and 10 mm optics, with sum of linear incision of 42 mm) including oversuture line on excluded stomach, gastric tube and mesenteric closing. The non sutured portal of 3 mm and the two of 5 mm with subdermal sutures, were hardly visible in the folds of the skin; the one of 12 mm was buried inside the umbilicus or in the abdominoplasty incision. CONCLUSION: Minimizing portals is safe, effective, good ergonomic alternative with satisfactory aesthetic profile without need for specific instruments, new learning curve and limited movement of the instruments, as required by the single port.
Uso combinado de endoprótese GORE TAG® e Gore Exculder® para tratamento de aneurisma de aorta abdominal com angulação extrema
Authors: Krutman Mariana , Mendes Cynthia de Almeida , Duarte Flavio Henrique , Nishinari Kenji , Wolosker Nelson
Published: November 2014

O avanço tecnológico da cirurgia endovascular no tratamento de aneurismas de aorta vem permitindo que uma maior quantidade de pacientes, antes considerados inaptos para essa abordagem, beneficie-se dessa modalidade terapêutica. Apesar da atual disponibilidade de endopróteses com alta conformabilidade, casos com anatomia desfavorável permanecem um desafio para os cirurgiões. Descrevemos um caso anatomicamente desfavorável, resolvido com sucesso pela técnica endovascular, utilizando-se uma manobra não convencional.
Assessment of inhaler techniques employed by patients with respiratory diseases in southern Brazil: a population-based study
Authors: Oliveira Paula Duarte de , Menezes Ana Maria Baptista , Bertoldi Andréa Dâmaso , Wehrmeister Fernando César , Macedo Silvia Elaine Cardozo
Published: November 2014

OBJECTIVE: To identify incorrect inhaler techniques employed by patients with respiratory diseases in southern Brazil and to profile the individuals who make such errors. METHODS: This was a population-based, cross-sectional study involving subjects ≥ 10 years of age using metered dose inhalers (MDIs) or dry powder inhalers (DPIs) in 1,722 households in the city of Pelotas, Brazil. RESULTS: We included 110 subjects, who collectively used 94 MDIs and 49 DPIs. The most common errors in the use of MDIs and DPIs were not exhaling prior to inhalation (66% and 47%, respectively), not performing a breath-hold after inhalation (29% and 25%), and not shaking the MDI prior to use (21%). Individuals ≥ 60 years of age more often made such errors. Among the demonstrations of the use of MDIs and DPIs, at least one error was made in 72% and 51%, respectively. Overall, there were errors made in all steps in 11% of the demonstrations, whereas there were no errors made in 13%.Among the individuals who made at least one error, the proportion of those with a low level of education was significantly greater than was that of those with a higher level of education, for MDIs (85% vs. 60%; p = 0.018) and for DPIs (81% vs. 35%; p = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS: In this sample, the most common errors in the use of inhalers were not exhaling prior to inhalation, not performing a breath-hold after inhalation, and not shaking the MDI prior to use. Special attention should be given to education regarding inhaler techniques for patients of lower socioeconomic status and with less formal education, as well as for those of advanced age, because those populations are at a greater risk of committing errors in their use of inhalers.
Application of capillary electrophoresis to the simultaneous determination and stability study of four extensively used penicillin derivatives
Authors: Simon Brigitta , Hancu Gabriel , Gyéresi Árpád
Published: November 2014

The applicability of capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of four extensively used penicillin derivatives (benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, oxacilllin) has been studied. Because of structural similarities, the electrophoretic behavior of these derivatives is very similar; consequently an efficient separation using the conventional capillary zone electrophoresis is hard to be achieved. Their simultaneous separation was solved by using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography, the separation being based on the differential partition of the analytes between the micellar and aqueous phase. Using a buffer solution containing 25 mM sodium tetraborate and 100 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate as surfactant, at a pH of 9.3, applying a voltage of + 25 kV at a temperature of 25 °C, we achieved the simultaneous separation of the studied penicillin derivatives in less then 5 minutes. The separation conditions were optimized and the analytical performance of the method was evaluated in terms of precision, linearity, limit of detection, and quantification. Also, a simple capillary zone electrophoresis method was applied to study the stability of the studied penicillin derivatives in water at different temperatures, using ciprofloxacin hydrochloride as internal standard. It was observed that the extent of the hydrolysis of penicillins in water is highly dependent on the time and also temperature.
Proteinase activity in latex of three plants of the family Euphorbiaceae
Authors: Sobottka Andréa Michel , Tonial Fabiana , Sytwala Sonja , Melzig Matthias
Published: November 2014

In the family of Euphorbiaceae,the genera Euphorbia and Sapium are known to contain essentially latex-bearing species. In the present study, the latex of Euphorbia selloi(Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss., Euphorbia papillosa A.St.-Hil., and Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong, plants native from Brazil, were examined concerning proteolytic activity. All studied species have proteins with significant proteolytic activity and E. papillosa has the greatest specific activity. Aiming to verify the type of protease present, an assay with different inhibitors was performed. In the three tested plants, the proteolytic activity was significantly inhibited by a serine protease inhibitor 4-(2-aminoethyl)-benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride (AEBSF). Using techniques of electrophoresis with polyacrylamide gels (SDS-PAGE), the subunits of proteins were separated according to their molecular masses, and the protein activity was visually detected by zymography.
Standardization method for measurement of hydroxyurea by Ultra High Efficiency Liquid Chromatography in plasma of patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Elias Darcielle Bruna Dias , Carvalho Teresa Maria de Jesus Ponte , Soares Janete Eliza de Sá , Gonçalves Romélia Pinheiro
Published: November 2014

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a recessively inherited disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, chronic inflammation, and acute episodes of hemolysis. Hydroxyurea (HU) is widely used to increase the levels of fetal hemoglobin (HbF). The objective of this study was to standardize and validate a method for the quantification of HU in human plasma by using ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in order to determine the plasma HU levels in adult patients with SCA who had been treated with HU. We used an analytical reverse phase column (Nucleosil C18) with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile/water (16.7/83.3). The retention times of HU, urea, and methylurea were 6.7, 7.7, and 11.4 min, respectively. All parameters of the validation process were defined. To determine the precision and accuracy of quality controls, HU in plasma was used at concentrations of 100, 740, and 1600 µM, with methylurea as the internal standard. Linearity was assessed in the range of 50-1600 µM HU in plasma, obtaining a correlation coefficient of 0.99. The method was accurate and precise and can be used for the quantitative determination of HU for therapeutic monitoring of patients with SCA treated with HU.
Performing Everyday Practices
Authors: Friberg Carsten
Published: November 2014

In this article the coupling of atmosphere and aesthetic education is proposed as an intersection between awareness of the sensorial and bodily aspects of our everyday practices such and the training of our sensibility towards such sensorial and bodily awareness in specific situations. The concept of atmosphere is introduced to create awareness of how sensorial aspects affect us, and also to explore how perception is about the presence of something. Atmosphere is also a primary concept in aesthetics and relate to a classical tradition of education through sensorial and bodily products. Through a presentation of atmosphere and aesthetic education the intersection between them is suggested as a field for further investigation and also additional training.
Is the Issuing of Executive Stock Options a ‘Positive Signal' for the Market Value of a Firm?
Authors: Vergos Konstantinos , Christopoulos Apostolos G.
Published: November 2014

Executive Stock Options are believed to provide an incentive for superior management performance, a key for increasing shareholder value. In this paper it is examined whether stock options are associated with positive or negative shareholder returns in the short run in the Greek market by examining evidence from 35 major companies listed on the Athens Stock Exchange during the years 2006-2007 which was the most successful period of the Greek economy since the early 1980s. The empirical results reject the hypothesis that stock options provide positive market returns in the long run. The study also finds that the effect of stock options is increasingly negative for the company market value in the short run up to twelve months. These findings indicate that the issue of executive stock options should be of a closer focus by regulators, shareholders and probably tax authorities, because they combine significant tax benefits to managers whilst leading to high negative effect to shareholder value.
Insurance in Private International Law
Authors: Seatzu Francesco
Published: November 2014

This book provides a much-needed analysis of this very important subject for international business lawyers,including discussion of the jurisdictional and choice of laws issues arising from cross-border contracts of insurance and reinsurance concluded by electronic means.

This book is the first published in England to devote itself to a detailed analysis of the choice of laws rules in the E.C. Insurance Directives. It is aimed at academics and practitioners, at private international lawyers and at insurance lawyers. The private international law rules of the E.C. Insurance Directives deal with the applicable law to insurance contracts covering risks situated within the EU. They do not deal with the applicable law to reinsurance contracts and insurance contracts covering risks situated outside the EU. This should be ascertained by reference to the choice of laws provisions in the 1980 Rome Convention on the law applicable to contractual obligations. Detailed discussion of these rules is also provided, and proposals for reform suggested.
James McClees
Authors: Weatherwax Sarah J.
Published: November 2014

This vignette examines the business of Philadelphia photographer James McClees who successfully made the transition from daguerreotypes to paper photography.
EU Law Reform: Cross-Border Civil and Commercial Procedural Law and Cross-Border Insolvency Law
Authors: Rammeloo S.F.G.
Published: November 2014

EU Law Reform: Cross-Border Civil and Commercial Procedural Law and Cross-Border Insolvency Law

Business contractors increasingly find themselves involved in a private or commercial law relationship with cross-border elements. In case commercial disputes have to be adjudicated in court proceedings questions to be answered are: the court of which legal order has competence, the law of which country shall be applied, and is a court order from a foreign legal order enforceable or not? The strive for a (European) Single Market presupposes the breaking down of (procedural as well as substantive) legal barriers emanating from the cross-border nature of private law relationships, notably business transactions.

This contribution, concentrating on tomorrow’s European PIL in notably the area of civil procedural law, highlights the first and the third question from the perspective of the upcoming entry into force (10 January 2015) of EU Regulation No. 1215/2012 concerning jurisdiction and recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters and the proposed amendments to EU Regulation No. 1346/2000 on cross-border Insolvency Proceedings.