bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of anecdotal information on medical decision-making
Authors: Jaramillo Sara , Horne Zachary , Goldwater Micah
Published: May 2019

Prior research has found that arguments that use both anecdotal and statistical evidence are more persuasive than arguments using either alone (Allen, Bruflat, Fucilla, Kramer, McKellips, Ryan, & Spiegelhoff, 2000; Hornikx, 2005). However, it isn’t clear how people integrate anecdotal and statistical information when making medical decisions, particularly when this information is in conflict. In three preregistered experiments, we tested how people integrate conflicting information to judge the efficacy of a new medical treatment. Participants read either an anecdote from someone in a clinical trial, summary statistics about the clinical trial, or both types of information. We found that reading an anecdote about a participant in the clinical trial for whom the treatment was ineffective reduced people’s beliefs in the medical treatment, even when participants received strong evidence that the treatment was effective. We also found that visually presenting statistical information increased the perceived efficacy of the treatment but did not eliminate the effect of the anecdote.
Lithostratigraphy and structure of the Dharan–Mulghat area, Lesser Himalayan sequence, eastern Nepal Himalaya
Authors: Rai L. K. , Acharya K. K. , Dhital M. R.
Published: May 2019

The Dharan–Mulghat area of the eastern Nepal can be divided into three tectonic units: the Higher Himalayan Crystallines, the Lesser Himalayan Sequence and the Siwaliks from north to south separated by the Main Central Thrust (MCT) and Main Boundary Thrust (MBT), respectively. The Lesser Himalayan Sequence is divided into two groups separated by Chimra Thrust: the Bhedetar Group and the Dada Bajar Group. The Bhedetar Group includes the Raguwa Formation, the Phalametar Quartzite, the Churibas Formation, the Sangure Quartzite, and the Karkichhap Formation from the bottom to top, respectively; overthrusted

by the Dada Bajar Group consisting: the Ukhudanda Formation, the Mulghat Formation, the Okhre Formation, and the Patigau Formation, from lower to upper sections, respectively along the Chimra Thrust and the Bhorleni Formation as an individual formation overthrusted by Bhedetar Group along the Chhotimorang Thrust. The Main Central Thrust, the Main Boundary Thrust, the Chimra Thrust and the Chhotimorang Thrust are the major faults in Dharan–Mulghat area. The

Leutiphedi Anticline and the Malbase Syncline are the major folds in the study area plunging towards east. The trend/plunge of anticline and syncline are 131o/24o and 096o/09o respectively. The microstructural study in the quartz grains reveals a sharp difference in the history across the MCT; dynamic in the rocks of the Lesser Himalayan Sequences and static in the rocks of the Higher Himalayan Crystallines.
Garnet-biotite pair: a suitable geothermometer
Authors: Thomas Harel , Paudel Lalu
Published: May 2019

The garnet-biotite pairs are commonly found in the pelitic assemblage right from upper green schist to granulites facies and hence are suitable for estimating equilibrium temperature for most metamorphic rocks. Several geothermometer has been proposed since long based on garnet - biotite Fe-Mg exchange reaction ‘1/3 Almandine + 1/3 Phlogopite = 1/3 Annite + 1/3 Pyrope’. The authors has developed a software in visual basic to calculate the temperature based on this pair using the formulation given by different works.
Landslide inventory, susceptibility mapping and recommendation of the mitigation measures in Nuwakot District
Authors: Joshi Jagannath , Bharadwaj Dipak , Paudyal Pradeep , Timalsina Niroj
Published: May 2019

Nepal earthquake of 25th April 2015 and subsequent big aftershocks impacted people, land, and water resources significantly. Following the devastating earthquake, land and water management has become one of the primary focuses of the Government of Nepal as these resources are foundations of people’s livelihood and prosperity. The weakened, cracked, and destabilized slopes and surfaces due to the earthquake become even more susceptible to landslides that can be aggravated due to rainfall and inappropriate anthropogenic activities. Due to the devastating earthquake, 31 districts of Nepal out of 75 were affected with 14 being severely affected resulted huge loss of human life, property, and ecosystem services. These 14 districts were categorized as severely hit and crisis hit districts by the post disaster need assessment (PDNA) carried out by Government of Nepal. Nuwakot district is one of the severely hit districts. In order to reduce vulnerability and/or threat of potential landslide disasters and protect local people, infrastructures, land and water resources from potential landslide disaster, identification of the most susceptible slopes as well as treatment and mitigation of the most critical landslides deemed essential. This study has identified the landslides and its impact within different VDCs of Nuwakot district. The mitigation measures for the urgent and treatable landslides are purposed with the tentative estimation of the cost and prioritized them based on the social, environmental and economic criteria. Out of 542 landslides identified, 105 landslides were studied in detail based on social and physical risk. The study showed that the northern part of the district is more susceptible to landslides and consequent disaster. VDCs like Bhalche, Ghyangphedi, Salme, Urleni, Kimlang, Lachyang, Ralukadevi are more susceptible to the landslides in Nuwakot district.
Efficacy of dexamethasone in reducing the incidence of postoperative sore throat: a double blind randomized study
Authors: Manandhar Sujita , Manandhar Kishor , Khakrel Sharad
Published: May 2019

Introductions: Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a commonly seen adverse event after general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. Dexamethasone, a potent corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory action is the most popular steroid studied in this regard with positive results.

Methods: This randomized, prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was conducted on one hundred and ten adult patients of either sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I & II, undergoing elective surgeries requiring endotracheal tube intubation. After obtaining written informed consent, they were randomly divided into Control (A, n=55) and Dexamethasone (B, n=55) groups and received either an injection of Dexamethasone (Group B) 8 mg intravenously or an equivalent volume of Normal Saline (Group A) just before entering the operating theatre. All the patients received a similar anesthesia with endotracheal tube intubation and at the end of surgery, extubated and transferred to the post-anesthesia care unit. The incidence and severity of sore throat were assessed at 1, 6 and 24 hours post-extubation. Severity of sore throat were graded on a 4 point scale, p <0.05 was considered significant.

Results: Incidence of POST in Dexamethasone group was found significantly low compared to the control group up to six hours (p<0.05) but was comparable at 24 hours post extubation. Severity of POST in the study group was of lower grade in compare to control group.

Conclusions: Prophylactic intravenous Dexamethasone 8 mg administered to patients undergoing elective surgeries requiring endotracheal tube intubation significantly reduces the incidence and severity of POST up to six hours post-extubation.
Hepatitis C sero-prevalence and risks of transmission in end-stage renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: Manandhar Nora Ranjitkar , Acharya Paras K. , Sharma Yuba Raj , Kayastha Gyan K , Pandey Bimal
Published: May 2019

Introductions: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is common in the patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). The quality of life and survival of patients with hepatitis C infected end-stage renal disease is less than that of the noninfected ones. This study aims to determine the prevalence of HCV in patients undergoing HD and the risk of transmission.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of charts of the chronic kidney disease patients who underwent dialysis at Patan Hospital from March 2011 to July 2017. Those patients who were positive for HIV, HBsAg and HCV before the initiation of dialysis were excluded. Pearson Chi square test and Fisher’s Exact test were used to determine the significance of the results.

Results: Out of 173 patients, 12 (6.9%) seroconverted to HCV: five (41.66%) in first year, four (33.33%) in second year, and three (25%) in third year (Fisher’s Exact test p=0.26). Out of 173 patients, 137 (79.2%) received blood transfusion, 27 (15.6%) received erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA), 9 (5.2%) received both blood transfusion and ESA. The HCV seropositivity were 9 (75%), 2 (16.66%), and 1 (8.33%) respectively in them, Fisher’s Exact test p value was 0.65. There was no significant association between the seroconversions in in-center versus multicenter HD and the number of dialyses per week.

Conclusions: Hepatitis C infection was common (6.9%) in HD patients. There was no significant association of transmission in regards to duration of HD, transfusion or single vs multicentre HD.
Awareness of eye donation among eye health workers
Authors: Shrestha Poonam , Singh Sanjay Kumar , Hamal Diwa , Anwar Afaque
Published: May 2019

Introductions: To assess the level of awareness and willingness of eye donation among eye health workers and compare it among the two institutes, one with cornea transplant services and other without cornea transplant services.

Methods: This was comparative, questionnaire based, cross- sectional study under taken among eye health workers in two institutes. The questionnaire contained questions on demographic details, their awareness on eye donation, reasons for donating and not donating eyes by people as perceived by them, their intention to donate eyes and source of information. The responses were compared and statistically analyzed using chi-square test.

Results: Of the 178 participants 132 participants were aware that eye donation was donation of eye after death. The most common source of information about eye donation was from eye professional. It was observed that 107 participants knew that eyes can be donated after death ideally within 6-8 hours of death. 139 respondents believed donated eye gives good sight to blind. Lack of awareness was cited as an important reason for people not donating eyes.

Conclusions: Eye health workers are well aware about eye donation they can be actively involved in eye donation campaigns in community level and can act as counselors for eye donors.
Congenital anomalies in antenatal ultrasound scan at a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Shrestha Shreejana , Dwa Yogita , Jaiswal Pooja , Parmar Binod
Published: May 2019

Introductions: Early detection of congenital fetal anomalies by ultrasonography (USG) helps to identify the severity and termination of pregnancy in severe cases. Anomalies cause significant perinatal morbidity and mortality. Aim of this study was to analyse real-time USG detection of prenatal anomalies.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of fetal anomalies detected during 2nd and 3rd trimester antenatal USG scan done from 2011 to 2015, in Patan Hospital. Age of mother, parity, gestational age when anomalies detected and, anomalies of previous child, use of folic acid were analysed. Descriptive analysis was done.

Results: There were 35,571 deliveries in four years period with 134 (0.37%) congenital anomalies, 99 (79.2%) detected during antenatal USG during 2nd and 3rd trimester. Among 99 anomalies, 29 (29.29%) were detected before 22 weeks. Central nervous system (CNS) anomalies were 47, gastrointestinal 23, renal 12, skin and fetal compartment 8 and rest were less common. Young mothers of less than 30 years were 109 (81.34%) and primi were 85 (63.4%).

Conclusions: Antenatal ultrasound can detect fetal anomalies in 2nd and 3rd trimester with higher frequencies belonging to the central nervous system followed by gastrointestinal tract anomalies and renal.
Perception of rotating interns on emergency medicine posting of undergraduate curriculum and future career
Authors: Batajoo Kabita Hada , Shrestha Trishna , Pradhananga Sneha , Manandhar Shanta
Published: May 2019

Introductions: Competency in basic knowledge and skill of emergency care is the fundamental goal of all the medical graduates irrespective of their specialty. The aim of this study is to understand the view of young doctors regarding the importance of emergency medicine (EM) both during internship and undergraduate MBBS curriculum.

Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted at emergency department, KIST Medical College, Lalitpur, Nepal, during 2016 to 2017. Interns were asked to fill up preformed questionnaires to explore the effectiveness of the posting and its necessity to integrate in undergraduate medical education.

Results: All the respondent medical interns accepted emergency medicine posting was fruitful. Ninety-six (62.3%) thought one month Emergency Department (ED) posting as appropriate. All the participants thought EM should be included in the undergraduate curriculum (UG). Majority believed it would be appropriate in third year (42%) and final year (42%). One hundred and thirteen (73.4%) wanted to pursue emergency medicine career however 41 (26.6%) were reluctant.

Conclusions: All the interns surveyed accepted emergency medicine to be fruitful and should be included in the undergraduate curriculum with one month emergency department posting, and two thirds wanted to pursue it as future career.
Elective surgery patients walk to operating room instead of wheeled in on trolley: patient centered care
Authors: Maharjan Shanta Bir , Shah Shailendra , Dahal Romi , Gurung Rajan , Shah Jay N
Published: May 2019

Introductions: Habits and beliefs of earlier practitioners influence medicine. We continue to wheel in the elective surgery patients to operating room (OR) which makes them feel not in self-control and increases anxiety. With few exceptions of heavily sedated, in severe pain or frail patients, most prefer to walk to the OR accompanied by nurse and family, if given the opportunity, in line with patient centered care. We aim to assess feasibility to allow elective surgery patients walk to OR accompanied by nurse and family member.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional observation of 100 consecutive elective surgery patients admitted at surgery department, Patan Hospital, Nepal. Adult patients of 15 years or above were allowed to walk to OR accompanied by a nurse and family members. Demographic profile, patient satisfaction, anxiety on arriving to OR, patient feeling of autonomy were recorded to assess patient centered care. Microsoft Excel was used to descriptively analyze the data. Ethical approval was obtained.

Results: Of 100 consecutive patients, 62 were female and 38 male, average age 52 years (range 15 to 72), and abdomen surgery 62 (62%). Two patients did not want to walk. The 98 patients who walked to the OR, all were satisfied and 89 were not anxious.

Conclusions: Elective surgery patients (98 out of 100) accompanied by nurse and family members walked to operating room satisfied and were not anxious.
Breakage of stylet inside endotracheal tube following intubation
Authors: Manandhar Sujita
Published: May 2019

A 52-year-old lady was scheduled for hemithyroidectomy for right colloid goitre. After the preanesthetic check-up, she was classified as an American society of anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I. Her baseline vitals parameters were within normal limits. After receiving premedication, she was induced and intubated with a 7.0 mm ID flexometallic endotracheal tube (ETT) preloaded with a malleable aluminium stylet. Shortly afterwards, while fixing the ETT, the size of the stylet was noticed to be shorter than initial length. Immediately, ETT was removed and replaced with a new one. The broken piece of stylet was found inside the removed ETT.
Visitor’s perspective of Patan Hospital, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Nepal
Authors: Pawar Aditya S , Brar Baljeet
Published: May 2019

A local man sits on the pavement in Patan Durbar Square at one am. A taxi driver calls a cell phone number I handed to him that belongs to the guesthouse I am staying at. Both of them are strangers to me, but go out of the way to make sure I reach home safe. It struck a chord, nice warm people and very hospitable. The next morning begins with meeting Mr. Shakya, the person in charge of visitors at Patan hospital, touring the hospital, including the outpatient department, emergency room, wards, auditorium, and medical school. I’m greeted with Namaste, and introduced as “tyo America ma doctor ho”. This is followed by a most important visit to the cafeteria. We go over the menu. I am told the most popular options and also advice to not order ‘jawanoko jhol” (for nursing females only, helps let down), I am told this will be explained soon in private. Curiosity grew. This hospital tour has surprised me because what I had in mind was a hospital with few rooms with barely any equipment. On the contrary, Patan hospital is fairly well equipped and organized with a CT scanner, multiple wards, and the medical school has an extensive public health department. Meanwhile I am offered a tea and biscuit everywhere. My first few hours of touring showed me that this is going to be a fun experience. This is followed by a stop at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) where I will be on rotation for the next few weeks. Another cup of tea and biscuit follows, fourth of the day already.

Day one starts in ICU with meeting medical officers, staff, patients and nurses. Talking to patients helps me learn their perspective. It is quick mixing up with medical officers through lunch strolls, breaks. Our lunch discussions are very interesting, sharing our knowledge and experiences about our culture and educational system. What struck me then is I read and hear so much about what visitors have to say and how extraordinarily helpful this experience has been in shaping their career.1 But I wonder what it’s like for the local officers, what’s the impact on the medical officers, residents and students. Is it helpful? Do they feel they learn something, positive or negative impact? Or is it a source of brain drain?
Patient satisfaction with the behavioral competencies of their treating doctors: a hospital based study
Authors: Rajak Kripa , Pandey Shikha , Shah Komal , Malla Monisma
Published: May 2019

Introductions: Patient satisfaction surveys are essential in identifying gaps in providing health care to patients and developing an effective plan for its quality improvement. This study aimed to assess the level of patient’s satisfaction with doctors’ behavioral competencies in communication skills, interpersonal manner, confidentiality maintenance and general satisfaction.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in admitted patients of Department of Surgery, Orthopaedics, Internal Medicine and Obstetrics Gynaecology between August 4, 2015 and August 28, 2015. Samples were selected by stratified random sampling technique. They were interviewed using a validated tool in 7-point Likert scale and collected data were analysed using SPSS.

Results: Out of 101 respondents, percentage of patients who had very high, high, medium, low overall satisfaction (communication skills, interpersonal manner, confidentiality maintenance and general satisfaction) were 27.7% (28), 24.8% (25), 20.8% (21) and 26.7% (27) respectively. Pearson Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test showed level of satisfaction did not differ with age, gender and educational level of respondents. There was positive Spearman’s rank correlation of general satisfaction with communication skill, confidentiality maintained and interpersonal manners. Communication skill had the highest correlation coefficient (57.8%).

Conclusions: The overall satisfaction (very high and high satisfaction) of the patient with the behavioral competencies of doctors at Patan Hospital is 52.5%. Communication skill had the highest degree of influence on the level of patient satisfaction. The level of satisfaction was not affected by age, gender and educational level of patients.
Nepal earthquake 2015: experience of junior clinical year medical students of Patan Academy of Health Sciences
Authors: Shrestha Carmina , Acharya Sajan , Joshi Jasmin , Shahi Nahakul , Sharma Raksha , Khanal Roja , Dhital Rolina
Published: May 2019

Dilemmas regarding whether medical students’ participation ‘as doctor’ in disaster response is ethical remains unanswered. Although they prove to be an important addition to the workforce during such settings, their limited competency and likeliness to harm themselves and the patients in the process raises questions. Here we present our views on medical students’ involvement in disaster response based on our experiences at Patan Hospital, Patan Academy of Health Sciences (PAHS) during the Nepal earthquake 2015. Medical students play a crucial role in disaster management; however, they are not proficient in care for mass disasters. Nonetheless, being involved offered students first-hand experience on disaster response and also helped the disaster response by providing extra manpower. With more training, medical students can serve as a skillful workforce during disaster. The impact of regular drills strategically placed during medical school training in the curricula can be of immense help to build capacity for medical disaster response.
Evidence-based practice at Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Nepal: knowledge, attitude, behavior and barriers
Authors: Paudel Sudarshan , Acharya Balakrishnan M. , Pun Khagi Maya , Paudel Sushil , KC Krishnan Bahadur , Arjyal Amit
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Evidence based practice (EBP) is the use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. The aim of this study was to explore the practices, attitudes, knowledge and perceived barriers in relation to EBP among faculty members at Patan Academy of Health Sciences (PAHS), Nepal.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey study. Participants were faculty members (both clinical and non-clinical) at PAHS. The main outcomes were attitude towards the usefulness of EBP, the frequency of use of EBP in practice, and the barriers to carrying out EBP.

Results: One hundred and seventy-two faculty members participated in this survey. Ninety five percent knew it was used for clinical decision making and the majority used it for teaching. Senior faculty spent more time on searching for evidence and reading compared to junior faculty. There was no difference between clinical and non-clinical departments. The main barriers to EBP were inadequate teaching learning support by 49% (85/172) followed by inadequate time 30% (52/172).

Conclusions: The study showed that faculty at PAHS had a generally positive attitude towards EBP. EBP could be better facilitated by proper teaching and allocation of dedicated time.
Private and public families
Authors: Oltedal Siv , Nygren Lennart
Published: May 2019

EnglishSocial workers around the world work with families and family complexities in their everyday practice. In this cross-national study, we explore social workers’ family intervention practices related to family definitions and functions, and how social workers balance children’s and parents’ rights and social policies in the proper context. Data derives from focus group interviews with child welfare workers from Norway, Lithuania, Chile and England based on discussions of a common fictitious complex family case (vignette). The four countries chosen for this comparative study are examples of four different welfare systems/regimes. The findings related to this broad area of caring topics are related to how the dimensions of a ‘private’ and a ‘public’ family manifest in social work in the four countries. Social workers in Chile and Lithuania refer to the idea of the private family, while their Norwegian counterparts lean more to the public family. English social workers combine public and private family conceptions in their focus groups, reflecting a system that is partly de-familialized.

SpanishFamilias públicas y privadas. La visión de los trabajadores sociales sobre la posición de hijos y padres en Chile, Inglaterra, Lituania y Noruega.Los trabajadores sociales en todo el mundo lidian con familias y sus complejidades en su práctica cotidiana. En este estudio de comparación internacional exploramos las prácticas de intervención en familias de trabajadores sociales en relación con sus definiciones y funciones, así como los modos en que los trabajadores sociales equilibran los derechos de padres e hijos y las políticas sociales en el contexto apropiado. Los datos provienen de entrevistas grupales con trabajadores sociales de servicios de bienestar infantil en Noruega, Lituania, Chile e Inglaterra, basadas en la discusión acerca de un caso común ficticio de familia compleja (viñeta).  Los cuatro países seleccionados para este estudio comparativo ejemplifican cuatro regímenes o sistemas de bienestar. Los resultados relativos a esta amplia área del tema del cuidado tienen que ver con cómo las dimensiones de “familia privada” y “familia pública” se manifiestan en el trabajo social de estos cuatro países. Los trabajadores sociales de Chile y Lituania hacen referencia a la idea de la familia privada, mientras sus colegas noruegos se inclinan más hacia la familia pública. Los trabajadores sociales ingleses apuntan hacia una combinación de las concepciones de familia pública y privada en sus grupos focales, reflejando un sistema que es parcialmente de-familiarizado.
Children and childhood in Chile
Authors: Jensen Ida Bruheim , Ellingsen Ingunn T. , Studsrød Ingunn , Quiroga Manuela Garcia
Published: May 2019

EnglishThis study explores understandings of children and childhood among 21 social workers from five child protection services in Chile. To help grasp multiple ideas about children and childhood, we use Q methodology and the ‘child visibility’ concept. The object is to explore dissimilar and/or similar views on child visibility among social workers and the characteristics of these viewpoints. The results reveal three distinct views on child visibility. Based on the characteristics of these perspectives, we have conceptualized the workers associated with them as: activists, buffers and experts. The activists vigorously seek children’s own perspectives, and produce an image of capable children with unique perspectives. The buffers and the experts, however, typically define children’s needs from their own perspectives. Nevertheless, through differing logics, the experts focus on children’s vulnerability and protection needs, while the buffers are more inclined to view children in terms of their contextual risk and on the margins in an underfunded child protection context. Despite these differences, there are shared viewpoints among the social workers, for example, by understanding children as relational. The results are discussed in light of current theory within childhood studies. SpanishNiños e infancia en Chile: Perspectivas de los trabajadores sociales.Este estudio explora las concepciones que sobre los niños y la infancia desarrollan 21 trabajadores sociales de cinco servicios de protección infantil en Chile. Para comprender estas múltiples ideas, utilizamos la Metodología Q y el concepto de “visibilidad del niño”. El objeto es explorar perspectivas similares o diferentes respecto a la visión que tienen los trabajadores sociales sobre este grupo social, así como las características de esos puntos de vista. Los resultados revelan tres tipos de visión distintivos sobre los niños. Con base a las características de estas tres perspectivas, hemos conceptualizado a los trabajadores sociales asociados con ellas como: activistas, baluartes, y expertos. Los activistas buscan vigorosamente las perspectivas de los propios infantes y producen una imagen de que los niños poseen capacidades y perspectivas únicas. Los otros dos grupos, sin embargo, típicamente definen las necesidades de los niños desde sus propias representaciones. A través de lógicas distintas, los expertos se enfocan en la vulnerabilidad de los infantes y sus necesidades de protección; mientras los baluartes están más inclinados a ver a los niños en términos de sus propios riesgos contextuales, y en los márgenes de un contexto de protección infantil con financiación insuficiente. A pesar de estas diferencias, existen puntos de vista comunes entre los trabajadores sociales, por ejemplo, al entender a los niños en términos relacionales. Estos resultados son discutidos a la luz de las teorías actuales dentro de los estudios de la infancia.
Reaching Spanish-Speakers in Self-Administered Surveys
Authors: Brick J Michael , Caporaso Andrew , Williams Douglas , Cantor David
Published: May 2019

Decisions on public policy can be affected if important segments of the population are systematically excluded from the data used to drive the decisions. In the US, Spanishspeakers make up an important subgroup that surveys conducted in English-only underrepresent. This subgroup differs in a variety of characteristics and they are less likely to respond to surveys in English-only. These factors lead to nonresponse biases that are problematic for survey estimates. For surveys conducted by mail, one solution is to include both English and Spanish materials in the survey package. For addresses in the US where Spanish-speakers are likely to be living, this approach is effective, but it still may omit some non-English-speakers. Traditionally, including both English and Spanish materials for addresses not identified as likely to have Spanish-speakers was considered problematic due to concerns of a backlash effect. The backlash effect is that predominantly English-speakers might respond at a lower rate because of the inclusion of Spanish materials. Prior research found no evidence of a backlash, but used a twophase approach with a short screener questionnaire to identify the eligible population for an education survey. In this paper, we report on experiments in two surveys that extend the previous research to criminal victimization and health communication single-phase surveys. These experiments test the effect of the inclusion of Spanish language materials for addresses not identified as likely to have Spanish-speakers. Our findings confirm most results of the previous research; however we find no substantial increase in Spanish-only participation when the materials are offered in both languages for addresses that are not likely to have Spanish-speakers. We offer some thoughts on these results and directions for future research, especially with respect to collecting data by the Internet.
Pengaruh Motivational Group terhadap Penurunan Penggunaan NARKOBA pada Perempuan Penyalahguna NARKOBA di Kecamatan Cimahi Tengah
Authors: Medina Soraya
Published: May 2019

Abstrak  Perempuan korban penyalahgunaan zat atau obat-obatan di Kecamatan Cimahi Tengah terdiri dari berbagai kalangan yaitu, ibu rumah tanggga, mahasiswi, bahkan siswi sekolah menengah. Penyalahgunaan zat oleh perempuan tidak hanya menimbulkan masalah kesehatan saja, namun juga berdampak pada psikologisnya, selain itu pula tugas perempuan sebagai ibu untuk mendidik dan merawat anak menjadi terbengkalai karena perempuan penyalahguna menempatkan zat atau obat diurutan pertama selanjutnya adalah kebutuhan anak mereka. Di Kecamatan Cimahi Tengah, keberadaan perempuan penyalahguna sangat tersembunyi bahkan keluarga dalam hal ini orangtua tidak mengetahui penyalahgunaan zat yang dialami oleh anak mereka. Perempuan penyalahguna di Kecamatan Cimahi tengah belum mengakses sistem sumber berupa rehabilitasi karena belum adanya motivasi dari dalam diri mereka ditambah dengan adanya rasa takut dan malu terhadap hukuman sosial yang akan diterimanya. Pada kegiatan praktikum yang sebelumnya telah dilaksanakan, peneliti menerapkan Motivational Interviewing yang dilakukan secara individual pada subjek AP dan berdampak pada peningkatan motivasi pada subjek, namun ketika subjek kembali ke lingkungan pergaulannya dan ia tidak mendapatkan dukungan dari keluarga, ia kembali menyalahgunakan zat. Perempuan penyalahguna yang belum mendapatkan dukungan dari masyarakat maupun keluarga biasanya lebih memilih untuk bergabung didalam kelompok, hal ini yang menjadi dasar pembentukan Motivational Group. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh Motivational Group terhadap penurunan frekuensi dan dosis penggunaan zat pada subjek AP. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode Single Subject Design (SSD) dan model rancangan A-B-A. Baseline awal menunjukkan bahwa subjek pada awalnya tidak dapat melewatkan hari tanpa menggunakan zat dengan frekuensi yaitu sebanyak 9 kali dalam periode waktu enam hari berturut-turut dan dosis yang digunakan adalah excimer sebanyak 17 butir serta shabu sebanyak 5 shoot . Setelah diberikan intervensi yang dilakukan dalam sebelas kali pertemuan, terjadi penurunan frekuensi penggunaan yaitu sebesar 54,5 % dan penurunan terhadap dosis sebesar 46,7%. Implementasi Motivational Group dapat dikatakan berpengaruh untuk menurunkan tingkat frekuensi dan dosis penggunaan zat pada subjek.  Kata Kunci: Pengaruh Motivational Group, Perempuan Penyalahguna NARKOBA
PARTISIPASI PRESSURE GROUP DALAM PROSES PENETAPAN KEBIJAKAN MANAJEMEN PENANGGULANGAN BENCANA DI LEMBAGA PERMASYARAKATAN ANAK KELAS III BANDUNG
Authors: Muis Ichwan
Published: May 2019

Abstrak  Penanggulangan bencana di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Anak Kelas III Bandung belum begitu banyak mendapat perhatian baik dari pemerintah maupun dari pihak terkait lainnya. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari belum adanya kebijakan manajemen penanggulangan bencana di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Anak Kelas III Bandung. Upaya advokasi perumusan kebijakan telah dilakukan untuk merespon isu permasalahan yang ada. Namun hasil perumusan kebijakan hanya sampai pada tahap konsultasi dimana hasilnya telah melahirkan draft kebijakan manajemen penanggulangan bencana. Hal tersebut tidaklah cukup dalam rangka menyelesaikan permasalahan kebencanaan yang ada. Sehingga selanjutnya peneliti melibatkan partisipasi pressure group dalam proses penetapan kebijakan manajemen penanggulangan bencana. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengujicobakan ide kedalam proses penetapan kebijakan manajemen penanggulangan bencana. Pelibatan pressure group merupakan suatu upaya untuk melakukan pressure terhadap Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Hukum dan HAM Provinsi Jawa Barat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yakni metode penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian action research. Sumber data yang diperoleh yakni dari pressure group dan pressure target. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara, studi dokumentasi, observasi partisipatif, dan focus group discussion. Pengecekan keabsahan data dilakukan dengan melalui uji credibility, uji transferability, uji depenability, dan uji confirmability. Partisipasi pressure group dipilih, karena proses perumusan kebijakan dapat juga dikatakan sebagai suatu proses politik. Banyak aktor yang terlibat dalam proses kebijakan salah satunya yakni pressure group. Aktor-aktor tersebut di dalam proses perumusan kebijakan dapat mempengaruhi satu sama lain. Oleh karena itu pressure group diharapkan dapat memberikan pressure terhadap Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Hukum dan HAM Provinsi Jawa Barat melalui kegiatan kampanye penanggulangan bencana di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Anak Kelas III Bandung. Adapun teknik pressure group yang digunakan dalam melakukan pressure yakni teknik lobby dan demonstration. Keberhasilan pelaksanaan kegiatan dapat dilihat dari lahirnya beberapa kebijakan terkait manajemen penanggulangan bencana di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Anak Kelas III Bandung. Adapun kebijakan tersebut yakni Surat Keputusan Nomor : W.11.PAS.PAS.26.UM.01.01.408 Tahun 2015 Tentang Tim Penanggulangan Bencana Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Anak Kelas III Bandung dan Surat Nomor : W11.PAS.PAS.26-PK.01.08.03387/2015 tentang Permohonan Kerja Sama (Memorandum of Understanding) dengan Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD) Provinsi Jawa Barat.  Kata kunci : kebijakan sosial, manajemen penanggulangan bencana, lembaga permasyarakatan anak, pressure group.
ROLA I USYTUOWANIE KOMPETENCYJNO-ORGANIZACYJNE NIESTAŁEGO CZŁONKA RADY BEZPIECZEŃSTWA ONZ
Authors: Binkowski Henryk
Published: May 2019

The article is to attempt to determine the role and competence-organizational position of the non-permament members of the UN Security Council. The article is also aimed at enriching the knowledge contained in the Polish scientific literature in the field of broadly understood issues of the United Nations and, in particular, help in understanding the mechanisms governing the process of selecting states for non-permanent members of the SC, indicating the principles and criteria of election, describing the main factors of selected election campaigns and the way they are led by the candidate countries. At last on appearance too as main organs function and subsidiary and in forming trend forms and methods of work security council, as UN, the key organ in international security system.
Editorial
Authors: van der Maesen Laurent J. G.
Published: May 2019

The first three articles of this issue are dedicated to aspects of the current debate
about and the praxis of environmental questions, and thus of the ecosystems. The
fourth article concerns the application of social quality indicators in China. The
gaining hypothesis is that a disconnection of the social quality approach of daily
circumstances in Japan, Russia, China, Europe, the Americas, Africa, or India from
environmental processes results into anachronisms. Without a global consciousness of
the unequal consequences of these environmental processes, people in rich countries
may be tempted to positively judge the nature of the social quality of their localities
or country “as such.” Unknown remains that, seen from a global perspective, macrodetermined
reasons for the positive outcomes in rich countries may go at the expense
of ecosystems. They may cause, also because of the exportation of substantial elements
of problematic (and partly environmental) aspects of the dominant production and
reproduction relationships, serious forms of exploitation. Under the same conditions
(ceteris paribus), this attack on ecosystems, as well as this exportation and exploitation
cause increasingly declining social quality of daily circumstances in poor countries and
regions. This will also result into an increase of “climate refugees.” Because of advancing
technologically driven transformations—especially regarding communications
systems—the interdependencies of countries between the West and the East, as well
as between the North and the South, accelerate. Autarkic situations are becoming, or
have already been for a long time, a myth.
Greening British Businesses
Authors: Ziniel Curtis , Bradley Tony
Published: May 2019

This article examines relationships between a new wave of radical green activism and an
increase in greening businesses in Britain. We examine the spread of the movement through
the formation of businesses implementing more environmentally sustainable practices. Our
empirical data, combined with Office for National Statistics data, are drawn from both
the supply and the demand side of the economy. Our analysis tests key individual-level
determinants (education, energy conscientiousness, localism) and area-level determinants
(party politics, population density). Our findings indicate the main factors in determining
the growth of the ethical marketplace. We draw conclusions about relationships between
environmental social movements and SME business sectors. Our results have implications
for research on ethical business development and consumerism and for literature on social
movements and political geography.
La langue française chez les Sépharades du Québec : une stratégie de préservation culturelle et d’intégration sociale (1960–1980)
Authors: Chevalier-Caron Christine , Cohen Yolande
Published: May 2019

Résumé

Dans les années 1960, le profil sociodémographique du Québec s’est transformé par l’ouverture des frontières à une immigration non européenne. De nouvelles questions identitaires et relatives à l’intégration de migrants émergent. Parallèlement à l’intervention étatique sur ces enjeux, les dirigeants communautaires se mobilisent afin d’améliorer leurs conditions d’existence, et assurer l’intégration de leurs membres à la société d’accueil, tout en conservant leurs spécificités culturelles. La Communauté sépharade du Québec (CSQ) n’échappe pas à ce processus. Elle cherche à s’intégrer à la société et à maintenir une identité spécifique face à la communauté juive ashkénaze montréalaise. L’affirmation du fait français au Québec lui permet de fonder ses propres institutions, et de mettre en place des programmes valorisant le français et la culture juive sépharade. Dans cet article, nous analysons les différentes dimensions du discours identitaire à travers deux projets initiés par les dirigeants communautaires : l’École Maïmonide et le programme de formation des cadres. Analyser les discours des dirigeants de la CSQ permet de mieux identifier comment la langue française a permis d’ancrer leur communauté au Québec.

Abstract

The overall socio-demographic profile of Québec was radically transformed in the sixties by the opening of its frontiers to a non-European migration. New identity questions were raised concerning how to integrate those migrants. As the Provincial State emerged as a key player on these questions, migrant community organizations were concerned to keep their own cultural identities as well as to find ways to better integrate within Québec society. The Communauté Sépharade du Québec (CSQ) is one such organization, which aim is to blend into Québec’s francophone majority, as well as keep its autonomy within the larger mainly Ashkenazi Jewish Community. Its claim to French language for its organizations and programs allowed for a particular combination of a Sephardic cultural hybridity. In this article, we will analyze the expressions of this specific identity in two major domains, the Ecole Maimonide and CSQ leadership program. We will show that CSQ’s clear objective was to reclaim a Sephardic identity using French language as a tool to better integrate in Québec society.
PENGARUH PENGUNGKAPAN TANGGUNG JAWAB SOSIAL PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP AGRESIVITAS PAJAK
Authors: Aalin Elmi Rakhma
Published: May 2019

Tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan di Indonesia dianggap sebagai konsep sukarela. Namun, mayoritas perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia secara sukarela mengungkapkan informasi tentang tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan dalam laporan tahunan mereka. Hal ini menimbulkan pertanyaan mendasar, jika tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan masih dianggap sebagai konsep sukarela, mengapa perusahaan mencoba untuk mengungkapkan lebih banyak informasi tentang tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan saat ini?Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji hubungan antara pengungkapan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan dan agresivitas pajak. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan 319 perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2017 sebagai sampel. Pengungkapan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan diukur dengan indeks GRI 3.1. Agresivitas Pajak diukur dengan Tarif Pajak Efektif (ETR) menurut Lanis dan Richardson (2012). Ada beberapa variabel kontrol yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, seperti profitabilitas, leverage, intensitas modal, dan ukuran perusahaan. Penelitian ini memberikan bukti empiris bahwa pengungkapan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan berpengaruh positif secara statistik signifikan terhadap agresivitas pajak. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan dengan pengungkapan tanggung jawab sosial memiliki kecenderungan untuk melakukan agresivitas pajak. Selanjutnya, dapat dikatakan bahwa pengungkapan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan yang digunakan oleh perusahaan untuk menyamarkan agresivitas pajak.
SOLID DISPERSIONS: A METHOD TO IMPROVE BIOAVAILABILITY OF ORAL DRUG DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Puri Ritika , Bhatti Manisha
Published: May 2019

Presently only few percent of drugs having high aqueous solubility, Number of drugs are belonging to biopharmaceutical classification system class II that means possessing  poor aqueous solubility  eventually  results in low level of drug in systemic circulation. To overcome this problem, various strategies have been come out into notion such as self emulsifying drug delivery system solid dispersions, use of surface active agents, complex formation. Solid dispersions is found to be promising approach to increase bioavailability by use of various polymers. This review focuses on the mechanism of drug release from solid dispersion with its method of preparation and applications.

Key words: dissolution, particle size, solid dispersion
The marketing innovation and the innovation technology in food industry enterprises
Authors: Voytovych N. , Polyak Y.
Published: May 2019

Growing competition in the world determines the importance of innovation technology between countries. High-tech markets encourage the inventors to apply their inventions to commercial project. Many new trends on the world markets depend on factors that generate the ideas and their capacity to be absorbed. Development of new technologies in foodservice is considered a luxury as the sector is comprised predominantly by small and medium size businesses that may not be able to afford the heavy costs involved. However, rapid advancements in information technology have allowed dedicated suppliers to foodservice businesses to develop such innovative products or services which help to be successful on the market. Such hardware or software developments enable food and beverage outlets to increase quality of product, productivity and profitability. This review attempts to provide in-depth discussion and enhance understanding on innovation technology in foodservice enterprises. An article was conducted of a detailed analysis for EU countries food service industry. Analysis shows that international chains have a very strong position in the quick service segment. Technology is developing at an ever-increasing pace and dramatically changes business models in the hospitality industry. In the new economy, organizations that have the ability to develop and adopt the invention in a short period of time and profitably apply it in all areas of business reach competitive advantage over the competition in time. The growing importance of innovation in function of achieving a sustainable competitive advantage determined a brand new concept and innovation classification. Nowadays, the term innovation means not only a significant improvement in process and product technology, but it refers more to the innovation process in the field of human resources, especially in marketing management. For the above mentioned reasons, the paper pays special attention to the marketing innovation analysis and the increasingly significant impact it has on the process of achieving sustainable competitive advantage. The main goal of this article is analysis the theoretical and practical contexts concerning marketing innovation, innovation technology in foodservice enterprises.