bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The development of day surgery in China and the effectiveness and reflection of day surgery in ophthalmology-specialized hospitals
Authors: Haihan Dong , Changfei Zheng , Hengli Lian , Ning Tang , Lezhen Zhuo , Hui Lin
Published: May 2024

This survey investigates the development of day surgery in China, and analyzes the national policy support, medical service management model, disease types of day surgery, medical insurance payment methods, and the medical service capacity, efficiency, quality and safety, health economics indicators, and patient satisfaction after the implementation of day surgery in a tertiary eye hospital. After more than 20 years of development, China’s day surgery has shown a good development trend. The implementation of day surgery in eye hospitals accounts for more than 70% of elective surgery, and patients, medical institutions, and medical insurance institutions have all achieved good social benefits.
Molecular signatures in prion disease: altered death receptor pathways in a mouse model
Authors: Giri Ranjit Kumar
Published: May 2024

Background

Prion diseases are transmissible and fatal neurodegenerative diseases characterized by accumulation of misfolded prion protein isoform (PrPSc), astrocytosis, microgliosis, spongiosis, and neurodegeneration. Elevated levels of cell membrane associated PrPSc protein and inflammatory cytokines hint towards the activation of death receptor (DR) pathway/s in prion diseases. Activation of DRs regulate, either cell survival or apoptosis, autophagy and necroptosis based on the adaptors they interact. Very little is known about the DR pathways activation in prion disease. DR3 and DR5 that are expressed in normal mouse brain were never studied in prion disease, so also their ligands and any DR adaptors. This research gap is notable and investigated in the present study.

Methods

C57BL/6J mice were infected with Rocky Mountain Laboratory scrapie mouse prion strain. The progression of prion disease was examined by observing morphological and behavioural abnormalities. The levels of PrP isoforms and GFAP were measured as the marker of PrPSc accumulation and astrocytosis respectively using antibody-based techniques that detect proteins on blot and brain section. The levels of DRs, their glycosylation and ectodomain shedding, and associated factors warrant their examination at protein level, hence western blot analysis was employed in this study.

Results

Prion-infected mice developed motor deficits and neuropathology like PrPSc accumulation and astrocytosis similar to other prion diseases. Results from this research show higher expression of all DR ligands, TNFR1, Fas and p75NTR but decreased levels DR3 and DR5. The levels of DR adaptor proteins like TRADD and TRAF2 (primarily regulate pro-survival pathways) are reduced. FADD, which primarily regulate cell death, its level remains unchanged. RIPK1, which regulate pro-survival, apoptosis and necroptosis, its expression and proteolysis (inhibits necroptosis but activates apoptosis) are increased.

Conclusions

The findings from the present study provide evidence towards the involvement of DR3, DR5, DR6, TL1A, TRAIL, TRADD, TRAF2, FADD and RIPK1 for the first time in prion diseases. The knowledge obtained from this research discuss the possible impacts of these 16 differentially expressed DR factors on our understanding towards the multifaceted neuropathology of prion diseases and towards future explorations into potential targeted therapeutic interventions for prion disease specific neuropathology.
Extracellular vesicles in cancer cachexia: deciphering pathogenic roles and exploring therapeutic horizons
Authors: Wang Yifeng , Ding Shengguang
Published: May 2024

Cancer cachexia (CC) is a debilitating syndrome that affects 50–80% of cancer patients, varying in incidence by cancer type and significantly diminishing their quality of life. This multifactorial syndrome is characterized by muscle and fat loss, systemic inflammation, and metabolic imbalance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, play a crucial role in the progression of CC. These vesicles, produced by cancer cells and others within the tumor environment, facilitate intercellular communication by transferring proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. A comprehensive review of the literature from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science reveals insights into the formation, release, and uptake of EVs in CC, underscoring their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The review also explores therapeutic strategies targeting EVs, which include modifying their release and content, utilizing them for drug delivery, genetically altering their contents, and inhibiting key cachexia pathways. Understanding the role of EVs in CC opens new avenues for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, potentially mitigating the syndrome’s impact on patient survival and quality of life.
Challenges to the implementation of a multi-level intervention to reduce mistreatment of women during childbirth in Iran: a qualitative study using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research
Authors: Mirzania Marjan , Shakibazadeh Elham , Bohren Meghan A. , Hantoushzadeh Sedigheh , Khajavi Abdoljavad , Foroushani Abbas Rahimi
Published: May 2024

Background

Mistreatment during childbirth is a growing concern worldwide, especially in developing countries, such as Iran. In response, we launched a comprehensive implementation research (IR) project to reduce mistreatment during childbirth and enhance positive birth experiences in birth facilities. This study identified the challenges of implementing a multi-level intervention to reduce mistreatment of women during childbirth using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).

Methods

An exploratory qualitative study, involving 30 in-depth interviews, was conducted between July 2022 and February 2023. Participants included a purposive sample of key stakeholders at different levels of the health system (macro: Ministry of Health and Medical Education; meso: universities of medical sciences and health services; and micro: hospitals) with sufficient knowledge, direct experience, and/or collaboration in the implementation of the studied interventions. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded using directed qualitative content analysis (CFIR constructs) in MAXQDA 18.

Results

The identified challenges were: (1) individual level (childbirth preparation classes: e.g., adaptability, design quality and packaging, cosmopolitanism; presence of birth companions: e.g., patient needs and resources, structural characteristics, culture); (2) healthcare provider level (integrating respectful maternity care into in-service training: e.g., relative priority, access to knowledge and information, reflecting and evaluating); (3) hospital level (evaluating the performance of maternity healthcare providers: e.g., executing, external policies and incentives); and (4) national health system level (implementation of pain relief during childbirth guidelines: e.g., networks and communications, patient needs and resources, executing, reflecting and evaluating).

Conclusions

This study provides a clear understanding of the challenges of implementing a multi-level intervention to reduce mistreatment of women during childbirth and highlights potential implications for policy makers and practitioners of maternal health programs. We encourage them to take the lessons learned from this study and revise their current programs and policies regarding the quality of maternity care by focusing on the identified challenges.
Diagnostic and prognostic assessments of adrenocortical carcinomas by pathological features, immunohistochemical markers and reticular histochemistry staining
Authors: Gan Wenting , Han Xue , Gong Yuxi , Yang Yefan , Wang Cong , Zhang Zhihong
Published: May 2024

Background

Current diagnostic criteria of adrenocortical neoplasms are mostly based on morphology. The utility of immunohistochemistry (IHC) and histochemistry is limited.

Materials and methods

To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic utility of clinicopathological features, morphology, ancillary biomarkers, and reticular histochemistry in adrenocortical neoplasms. We examined 28 adrenocortical carcinomas (ACCs) and 50 adrenocortical adenomas (ACAs) obtained from pathology archives. Clinical data were retrieved from medical records. Two pathologists independently assessed hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides, employing modified Weiss criteria for all tumors and Lin-Weiss-Bisceglia criteria for oncocytic variants. Immunohistochemical markers (Calretinin, alpha-inhibin, MelanA, SF-1, Ki-67, PHH3, IGF-2, β-catenin, P53, CYP11B1, CYP11B2, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, EPCAM) and Gomori’s Silver histochemistry were applied. Statistical analysis utilized SPSS Statistics 26.

Results

ACCs exhibited larger tumor sizes (P<0.001) and symptomatic presentations (P = 0.031) compared to ACAs. Parameters of modified Weiss criteria and angioinvasion demonstrated diagnostic value for ACCs. Six immunohistochemical antibodies((MelanA, Ki-67, IGF-2, β-catenin, P53 and CYP11B1) and reticulin framework alterations showed diagnostic value. Notably, Ki-67 and reticulin staining were most recommended. Evident reticulin staining was frequently present in ACCs (P<0.001). Ki-67 was significantly higher in ACCs (P<0.001). Twenty-one conventional and seven oncocytic entities showed different necrosis frequencies. Symptoms and Ki-67 index ≥ 30% were prognostic for ACCs, correlating with shorter survival.

Conclusions

This study emphasizes the diagnostic value of reticulin framework alterations and a high Ki-67 index. Markers such as CYP11B1, IGF2, P53, β-catenin and MelanA also contribute to the diagnosis of ACCs. Symptoms and Ki-67 index ≥ 30% predict shorter survival. These findings encourges the use of ancillary markers such as reticulin histochemistry and Ki-67 in the workup of evaluations of adrenocortical neoplasms.
Investigating protease-mediated peptides of inflammation and tissue remodeling as biomarkers associated with flares in psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Groen Solveig Skovlund , Nielsen Signe Holm , Bay-Jensen Anne Christine , Rasti Mozhgan , Ganatra Darshini , Oikonomopoulou Katerina , Chandran Vinod
Published: May 2024

Background

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is an inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis. PsA disease involves flares, which are associated with increased joint inflammation and tissue remodeling. There is a need for identifying biomarkers related to PsA disease activity and flares to improve the management of PsA patients and decrease flares. The tissue turnover imbalance that occurs during the inflammatory and fibro-proliferative processes during flares leads to an increased degradation and/or reorganization of the extracellular matrix (ECM), where increased proteolysis plays a key role. Hence, protease-mediated fragments of inflammatory and tissue-remodeling components could be used as markers reflecting flares in PsA patients.

Methods

A broad panel of protease-mediated biomarkers reflecting inflammation and tissue remodeling was measured in serum and synovial fluid (SF) obtained from PsA patients experiencing flares (acutely swollen joint[s], PsA-flare). In serum, biomarker levels assessed in PsA-flare patients were compared to controls and in early-diagnosed PsA patients not experiencing flares (referred to as PsA without flare). Furthermore, the biomarker levels assessed in SF from PsA-flare patients were compared to the levels in SF of osteoarthritis (OA) patients.

Results

In serum, levels of the PRO-C3 and C3M, reflecting formation and degradation of the interstitial matrix, were found significantly elevated in PsA-flare compared to controls and PsA without flare. The remodeling marker of the basement membrane, PRO-C4, was significantly elevated in PsA-flare compared to PsA without flare. The inflammation and immune cell activity related markers, CRPM, VICM, and CPa9-HNE were significantly elevated in PsA-flare patients compared to controls and PsA without flare. In addition, VICM (AUC = 0.71), CPa9-HNE (AUC = 0.89), CRPM (AUC = 0.76), and PRO-C3 (AUC = 0.86) showed good discriminatory performance for separating PsA-flare from PsA without flare. In SF, the macrophage activity marker, VICM, was significantly elevated whereas the type II collagen formation marker, PRO-C2, was significantly reduced in the PsA-flare compared to OA. The combination of five serum markers reflecting type III and IV collagen degradation (C3M and C4M, respectively), type III and VI collagen formation (PRO-C3 and PRO-C6, respectively), and neutrophil activity (CPa9-HNE) showed an excellent discriminatory performance (AUC = 0.98) for separating PsA-flare from PsA without flares.

Conclusions

The serum biomarker panel of C3M, C4M, PRO-C3, PRO-C6, and CPa9-HNE reflecting synovitis, enthesitis, and neutrophil activity may serve as novel tool for quantitatively monitoring flares in PsA patients.
Peer-to-peer botnets: exploring behavioural characteristics and machine/deep learning-based detection
Authors: Kabla Arkan Hammoodi Hasan , Thamrin Achmad Husni , Anbar Mohammed , Manickam Selvakumar , Karuppayah Shankar
Published: May 2024

The orientation of emerging technologies on the Internet is moving toward decentralisation. Botnets have always been one of the biggest threats to Internet security, and botmasters have adopted the robust concept of decentralisation to develop and improve peer-to-peer botnet tactics. This makes the botnets cleverer and more artful, although bots under the same botnet have symmetrical behaviour, which is what makes them detectable. However, the literature indicates that the last decade has lacked research that explores new behavioural characteristics that could be used to identify peer-to-peer botnets. For the abovementioned reasons, in this study, we propose new two methods to detect peer-to-peer botnets: first, we explored a new set of behavioural characteristics based on network traffic flow analyses that allow network administrators to more easily recognise a botnet’s presence, and second, we developed a new anomaly detection approach by adopting machine-learning and deep-learning techniques that have not yet been leveraged to detect peer-to-peer botnets using only the five-tuple static indicators as selected features. The experimental analyses revealed new and important behavioural characteristics that can be used to identify peer-to-peer botnets, whereas the experimental results for the detection approach showed a high detection accuracy of 99.99% with no false alarms.

Graphical Abstract
Oscillatory criteria of noncanonical even-order differential equations with a superlinear neutral term
Authors: El-Gaber A. A.
Published: May 2024

The oscillatory behavior of solutions of an even-order differential equation with a superlinear neutral term is considered using Riccati and generalized Riccati transformations, the integral averaging technique, and the theory of comparison. New sufficient conditions are established in the noncanonical case. An example is given to support our results.
Demiclosed principle and some fixed-point theorems for generalized nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces
Authors: Shukla Rahul , Panicker Rekha , Vijayasenan Deepa
Published: May 2024

The aim of this paper is to discuss some results concerning the demiclosedness principle of generalized, nonexpansive mappings in uniformly convex spaces. Further, we present some new fixed-point theorems for generalized nonexpansive mappings in different settings of Banach spaces.
Shaping and shifting schemas on supervised injectable opioid treatment: findings from a cross-sectional qualitative study in two German treatment facilities
Authors: Friedmann Zoe , Kinkel Hans-Tilmann , Kühner Claudia , Zsolnai Andreas , Binder Annette , Mick Inge
Published: May 2024

Background

Supervised injectable opioid treatment (SIOT) is a promising alternative for people living with opioid use disorder (OUD) who have not sufficiently benefitted from oral opioid substitution treatment. Yet, SIOT utilization remains limited in Germany. We propose that this is due to beliefs, or schemas, on SIOT among people living with OUD. Drawing from medical sociology and social psychology, this study explores the emergence and evolution of such schemas on SIOT.

Methods

We conducted semi-structured interviews with 34 individuals currently in or eligible for SIOT in two German outpatient treatment facilities and paralleled an inductive qualitative content analysis with the exploration of individual cases.

Results

The analysis revealed that peer-to-peer interaction and individuals’ practical experiences in therapy are crucial in constructing and changing idiosyncratic and shared schemas of SIOT. When facing ambiguous information, cognitive strategies like subtyping served to mitigate uncertainty.

Conclusion

This research has important practical implications for integrating experiential knowledge into clinical care and improve information sharing among people living with OUD. A nuanced understanding of the complex network of informal advice-seeking and -giving among people living with OUD is indispensable to adequately expand treatment modalities of proven effectiveness.
International collaboration towards innovation management: a network perspective and the Global Innovation Index
Authors: Pepe Clarisse G. E. , Fonseca Marcus V. A. , Silva Marques Christiane F.
Published: May 2024

This article aims to fill an existing knowledge gap within the literature: the characteristics of networks of publication on innovation management research and its relationship with country’s innovativeness. The study is grounded in the theory that the creation of knowledge and collaboration within networks play a pivotal role in improving a nation’s innovation capacity. It presents and describes the characteristics of co-authorship networks of scientific publications among authors from different countries. The published articles were extracted from the Scopus and Web of Science databases, considering a period of 12 years. Following the identification of pivotal countries, the research proceeded to investigate whether their positioning within the network has an impact on their innovation capabilities. To underpin this analysis, data from the Global Innovation Index ranking were employed. Among the six countries demonstrating noteworthy centrality metrics throughout the entire period, Germany, the United States, and the United Kingdom are also categorized as innovators according to the Global Innovation Index. The overlap observed suggests a relationship between countries maintaining consolidated and resilient innovation networks and positive performance in terms of innovation. However, it should be noted that innovation is influenced by a range of factors, including strategies and policies on international collaboration.
Validation of the eating pathology symptoms inventory (EPSI) in Swedish adolescents
Authors: Birgegård Andreas , Isomaa Rasmus , Monell Elin , Bjureberg Johan
Published: May 2024

Background

Eating disorders (ED) are associated with symptoms across body image, disordered eating, and exercise-related domains, and while predominantly affecting females, ED in males is also a significant concern. However, popular self-report methods insufficiently capture male presentations. This study aimed (1) to validate the first Swedish translation of the Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory (EPSI), which was designed to overcome limitations in previous measures, and (2) compare genders gender-specific manifestations of eating pathology, depression, and anxiety in Swedish high-school students.

Methods

Participants were 359 high-school students (47% males) aged 17.0 years (range 15–21).

Results

Confirmatory factor analysis and correlation patterns showed support for the 8-factor structure and convergent validity, but poorer discriminant validity may suggest caution in interpreting single scales as evidence of ED pathology. Gender comparisons were broadly consistent with previous research.

Conlusions

: The Swedish EPSI may be used to asses ED symptoms, but caution is suggested in interpreting some scales in isolation as indicative of ED pathology.
Development and psychometric validation of a brief scale to measure environmental perception based on the 2-major environmental values model in adolescents and adults
Authors: Randler Christoph , Härtel Talia , de Almeida Barbosa Renan
Published: May 2024

Background

The worldwide ecological crisis, including global climate change, is leading to increased awareness and attitudes towards environmental problems. To address these problems, studies of human attitudes are needed. This study is based on the 2-Major Environmental Values (2-MEV) model, which measures two components of environmental attitudes: Preservation and Utilization. The model has been applied to both, adolescents and adults. After decades of use, it is necessary to review the psychometric scale and update the wording. Developing short or even super-short scales to measure well-established constructs is necessary due to time constraints, compliance or fatigue due to language issues.

Methods

We applied an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to a dataset containing 20 items from the 2-MEV model to reduce the scale to 6 items, 3 per dimension using parallel analysis, scree plot examination and eigen-value greater than 0 as criteria. The scale was then applied to adults and the sample was split for EFA and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) was then used to assess invariance across age and gender. Finally, regression and linear models were used to examine the effects of age and gender in both, adults and adolescents.

Results

The 2-MEV model was replicated in the EFA and CFA and the correlated two-factor model showed the best fit. The scale showed configural and metric invariance across age and gender, and scale invariance across gender. Gender and age effects were replicated in relation to previous studies.

Discussion

The brief scale showed good model indices and convergent validity.

Implications

The brief scale of the 2-MEV model can be applied in situations where environmental attitudes are important, but time constraints (internet surveys), compliance, or language problems may hinder the use of longer scales.
Measurement invariance of the inventory of Callous‑Unemotional traits in different age groups from preschool age to late adolescence in Germany
Authors: Rademacher Annika , Bäker Neele , Eilts Jule , von Düring Ute , Wilke Jessica
Published: May 2024

Background

Callous-unemotional traits are associated with the development of severe behavior problems, delinquency, and psychopathy. Previous studies have repeatedly shown that CU traits may be present as early as preschool age, and they have consistently used the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU) to assess CU traits in children and adolescents. A three-factor structure for the ICU has been widely endorsed.

Method

The aim of our study is to compare the three-factor structure of the ICU in different age groups (preschool, middle childhood, early, and late adolescence) and to test for measurement invariance in a German sample of N = 2368 children and adolescents (M = 11.76 years; SD = 3.72).

Results

The results of our study indicate configural measurement invariance, suggesting that the ICU has the same structure in all age groups but with different meanings, parameters, and mean values in the groups.

Conclusion

Accordingly, the ICU cannot be applied in the same way to children and adolescents of different age groups, which emphasizes the need for a more differentiated assessment.
Unveiling the veil: exploring how wellbeing motivations shape anonymous and public prosocial behavior in Indonesia
Authors: Yuliawati Livia
Published: May 2024

Indonesia is often regarded as a country with a strong inclination toward prosocial behavior, with both public and anonymous acts of kindness being commonplace. However, there is a notable gap in related research regarding the predictors of such behaviors. Previous studies have highlighted how individuals with diverse motives for wellbeing are inclined to either assist or hinder others. The present study explored the role of eudaimonic, hedonic, and extrinsic motives for wellbeing in predicting public and anonymous prosocial behavior. Using convenience sampling, 254 Indonesian undergraduate students (18-25 years old) from a private university participated in an online survey. The data were analyzed with correlational design and structural equation modelling. The findings revealed that the eudaimonic motive for wellbeing positively predicted anonymous prosocial behavior. Interestingly, no significant impact of hedonic motives on either public or anonymous prosocial behavior was observed. On the other hand, the extrinsic motive for wellbeing emerged as a positive predictor of public prosocial behavior. The absence of a discernible effect of the hedonic motive on either form of prosocial behavior highlights the need for further research into the complex interplay between motives for well-being and altruistic actions. This research represents a pioneering exploration into the distinct impacts of individuals' pursuit of wellbeing on their approaches to altruistic actions, providing valuable insights for understanding and promoting prosocial behavior in society.
Hypothesis testing for performance evaluation of probabilistic seasonal rainfall forecasts
Authors: Cheng Ke-Sheng , Yu Gwo‑Hsing , Tai Yuan-Li , Huang Kuo-Chan , Tsai Sheng‑Fu , Wu Dong‑Hong , Lin Yun-Ching , Lee Ching-Teng , Lo Tzu-Ting
Published: May 2024

A hypothesis testing approach, based on the theorem of probability integral transformation and the Kolmogorov–Smirnov one-sample test, for performance evaluation of probabilistic seasonal rainfall forecasts is proposed in this study. By considering the probability distribution of monthly rainfalls, the approach transforms the tercile forecast probabilities into a forecast distribution and tests whether the observed data truly come from the forecast distribution. The proposed approach provides not only a quantitative measure for performance evaluation but also a cumulative probability plot for insightful interpretations of forecast characteristics such as overconfident, underconfident, mean-overestimated, and mean-underestimated. The approach has been applied for the performance evaluation of probabilistic season rainfall forecasts in northern Taiwan, and it was found that the forecast performance is seasonal dependent. Probabilistic seasonal rainfall forecasts of the Meiyu season are likely to be overconfident and mean-underestimated, while forecasts of the winter-to-spring season are overconfident. A relatively good forecast performance is observed for the summer season.
Ο κοινωνικός και πολιτιστικός ρόλος του ραδιοφώνου στην Ελλάδα, 1938-1966
Authors: Κωνσταντοπούλου Ολυμπία
Published: May 2024

Η παρούσα διατριβή επιδιώκει να συμβάλει στην κάλυψη ενός τεράστιου γνωστικού κενού στην ιστορία των Μέσων στην Ελλάδα, αυτή του Ελληνικού δημοσίου ραδιοφώνου. Αφορά στην πρώτη περίοδο του βίου του, από την έναρξη της Ελληνικής Ραδιοφωνίας, το 1938, έως το 1966, την έναρξή της Ελληνικής Τηλεόρασης. Μια περίοδο, κατά την οποία το ραδιόφωνο υπήρξε το μοναδικό ηλεκτρονικό μέσο μαζικής ενημέρωσης και ψυχαγωγίας στην Ελλάδα. Στόχος αυτής της έρευνας είναι να απαντήσει σε ένα διττό ερώτημα: πρώτον, ποια ήταν τα χαρακτηριστικά, οι στόχοι, και το περιεχόμενο (ραδιοφωνικό πρόγραμμα) του Ελληνικού Δημοσίου Ραδιοφώνου και δεύτερον, πώς το ελληνικό ραδιόφωνο εξελίχτηκε και αλληλοεπίδρασε, σε μια ιδιαίτερη ιστορική συγκυρία για τη σύγχρονη παγκόσμια και ελληνική ιστορία (καθεστώς Μεταξά, Πόλεμος, Κατοχή, Εμφύλιος, Ψυχρός Πόλεμος, ανασυγκρότηση), με τα διεθνή δίκτυα ραδιοφωνίας, την ελληνική κοινωνία και τον καθημερινό βίο των ακροατών του, Ελλήνων πολιτών. Πρόκειται για μια αρχειακή έρευνα ποικίλων πηγών. Βασική πηγή πληροφορίας αποτέλεσε η συλλογή και επεξεργασία ενός μεγάλου αντιπροσωπευτικού δείγματος του ραδιοφωνικού προγράμματος, το οποίο αφορά όλη την περίοδο της μελέτης (28 έτη). Η επεξεργασία των δεδομένων πραγματοποιήθηκε με το συνδυασμό χρήσης εργαλείων της ποσοτικής και ποιοτικής έρευνας. H διατριβή αυτή, αποτελεί μια σημαντική βάση πάνω στην οποία μπορούν οι μελετητές των Μέσων, αλλά και μελετητές άλλων πεδίων να αντλήσουν τεκμηριωμένη, χρήσιμη και αναγκαία πληροφορία για την κατανόηση της ιστορίας των Μέσων και του ρόλου που διαδραμάτισαν στη σύγχρονη Ελληνική Ιστορία, προκειμένου να εξελίξουν περαιτέρω, τις σχετικές με αυτό το πεδίο μελλοντικές έρευνες.
Ψηφιακές τεχνολογίες στην παραγωγή
Authors: Βογιατζής Ηρακλής-Αλέξανδρος
Published: May 2024

Σκοπός της διατριβής είναι η μελέτη των αλλαγών που επιφέρει στην εργασία, η μετάβαση στη ψηφιακότητα. Η έρευνα επικεντρώνεται στην έννοια της ψηφιακής εργασίας, εξετάζοντας τις νέες μορφές της εργασίας που αναπτύσσονται στα δίκτυα του Παγκόσμιου Ιστού 2.0. Εξετάζει δυο βασικά ερωτήματα: τον εκτοπισμό του ανθρώπου από την παραγωγή και τις νέες μορφές παραγωγής αξίας που αναδύονται στο πλαίσιο της 4ης Βιομηχανικής Επανάστασης. Αναλύονται τα χαρακτηριστικά της εργασίας στις πλατφόρμες μικροεργασίας και τον ρόλο που διαδραματίζει η ανθρώπινη εργασία για την παραγωγή των τεχνολογιών της Τεχνητής Νοημοσύνης. Εξετάζονται οι μεταβολές στο τεχνικό επίπεδο εμβαθύνοντας στις νέες μορφές αλγοριθμικής οργάνωσης της εργασίας στις πλατφόρμες αυτές. Η διατριβή παρουσιάζει τις μεθόδους κατακερματισμού της εργασίας σε στοιχειώδεις μονάδες και την ανασύνθεση τους με δομοστοιχειακό τρόπο με σκοπό την αποτελεσματική συμπλήρωση της υπολογιστικής ικανότητας των μηχανών και πως σε αυτή την διαδικασία οι κοινωνικές σχέσεις εγγράφονται μέσα στις γραμμές προγραμματιστικού κώδικα και στην συνέχεια επιστρέφουν ως φυσικοποιημένες στην κοινωνία, μεταβάλλοντας το εργασιακό τοπίο. Τέλος η διατριβή συνθέτει τις παραπάνω θεωρητικές και τεχνολογικές εξελίξεις σε μια ανάλυση βασισμένη στην πολιτική οικονομία και την αναδιάρθρωση των εργασιακών σχέσεων.
The figure of the enemy in George Orwell’s work
Authors: Τσέκερη Παναγιώτα
Published: May 2024

Στην παρούσα διατριβή εξετάζονται κυρίως τα εξής έργα: “The Hanging” (1931), Burmese Days (1934), “Shooting an Elephant” (1936), Homage to Catalonia (1938), Animal Farm (1945), και Nineteen Eighty-Four (1948). Η παρούσα διατριβή ερευνά την πολύ-επίπεδη εξέλιξη της φιγούρας του Εχθρού στο έργο του George Orwell, εντοπίζοντας την σταδιακή μετατόπιση του συγγραφέα από την αναπαραγωγή ουσιοκρατικών δυαδικών διαχωρισμών που συναντάται στα αποικιακά γραπτά του προς την ολοένα και περισσότερο εκλεπτυσμένη και σύνθετη αντιμετώπισή της φιγούρας του Εχθρού και της ίδιας της έννοιας της εχθρότητας στο μεταγενέστερο έργο του. Βασική υπόθεση της διατριβής είναι πως ο Orwell καταρρίπτει τον ηγεμονικό διαχωρισμό Φίλου/Εχθρού και Εαυτού/Άλλου καταδεικνύοντάς τον ως ιδεολογικό κατασκεύασμα καθοριστικό για την συγκρότηση και την πειθάρχηση των κοινωνικών Υποκειμένων. Υποστηρίζεται πως η διφορούμενη αναπαράσταση του από τον συγγραφέα υποδηλώνει ανησυχητικές υπόγειες συγγένειες μεταξύ Φίλου και Εχθρού, Εαυτού και ‘Άλλου κλιμακώνοντας με την ‘αποκάλυψη’ του Εχθρού που αναιρεί τα μανιχαιστικά σχήματα που εκπορεύονται και συγκροτούν τον Ηγεμονικό λόγο. Η φιγούρα του Εχθρού στο έργο του Orwell προκύπτει ως (η) προϋπόθεση της εδραίωσης απολυταρχικών καθεστώτων αλλά και της (προβληματικής) συγκρότησης του Υποκειμένου στην μοντέρνα πολιτική. Η ανάλυση της ρηξικέλευθης φιγούρας του Εχθρού στο έργο του συγγραφέα αποδεικνύει το Υποκείμενο ως σχεσιακό και ιστορικό παράγωγο. Για την ανάλυση της φιγούρας του Εχθρού ως ‘Άλλου’ στα αποικιακά κείμενα του Orwell χρησιμοποιήθηκαν οι αντιαποικιακές θεωρίες του Franz Fanon και του Albert Memmi, καθώς και επιμέρους στοιχεία της μετα-αποικιακής θεωρίας του Homi Bhabha. Για την υπόλοιπη διατριβή χρησιμοποιήθηκε κατά κύριο λόγο η πολιτική θεωρία του Carl Schmitt που ορίζει την διάκριση Φίλου/Εχθρού ως το πρωταρχικό πολιτικό φαινόμενο, έτσι ώστε να αναλυθεί η ηγεμονική συγκρότηση της πολιτικής κοινότητας και των επιμέρους υποκείμενων ως επακόλουθο της αντιπαράθεσης τους με τον (εσωτερικό/εξωτερικό) Εχθρό, με δεδηλωμένο στόχο την επίτευξη της εσωτερική ενότητας και της σύστασης μίας ομοιογενούς πολιτικής ταυτότητας. Χρησιμοποιούνται επίσης οι έννοιες του παραδείγματος του στρατοπέδου συγκέντρωσης, και της παραγωγής «γυμνής ζωής» που έχει εισαγάγει ο Georgio Agamben.
THE STUDY MEAT PRODUCTIVITY OF HORSES YAKUT BREED
Authors: Sidorov Andrey A. , Alekseev Egor D. , Grigorev Mikhail F. , Grigoreva Aleksandra I.
Published: May 2024

The paper presents data on study of meat productivity horses Yakut breed. As a result, it was found that meat productivity of horses, including quality of meat products, largely depends on feed conditions. As result of research, it was found that animals from second and third groups exceeded first group in pre-slaughter weight by 3.29 and 2.99 %, carcass weight by 4.42 and 3.38 %, fat by 8.85 and 3.05 %. The study of meat quality was carried out in terms of chemical composition and organoleptic characteristics. During analysis, it was found that meat samples of first group contained more moisture compared to second and third groups by 1.96 and 1.10 %. At the same time, second and third groups exceeded the first group in protein by 1.43 and 0.73 %, fat by 0.53 and 0.36 %, P by 1.62 and 0.54 %, Cu by 9.52 and 4.76 %, Mg by 9.23 and 5.14 %, Se by 3.57 and 1.79 %, as well as vitamins A, C, E, B1, B2 and B3. The organoleptic evaluation of meat products found that all samples met quality requirements of the standard. Thus, analysis of the data showed that meat productivity of horses depends to a greater extent on feeding conditions.
THE SEROLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR-BIOLOGICAL MARKERS OF CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION IN WOMEN IN BAKU CITY
Authors: Huseynova Zamina N.
Published: May 2024

At present time the problem of cytomegalovirus infection (CMVI) has a high interest. The necessity of studying of CMVI have been called with their widley spreading and with those that cytomegalovirus is able to caused the different in ne wborns and children, whose mothers have been sicked with CMVI during pregnancy.
The aim of investigation is to study the seroepidemiological pecularities of CMVI in women in Baku city.
With according in 2018 year on the base of the clinical epidemiology laboratory of Azerbaijan Medical University the patients for CMVI have been observed. The middle age of women were 42,5±2,7 years old.
In order to laboratory diagnostic of CMVI the immunosorbent assay method (IFA) and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been used.
It was determined that from 173 patients with pozitiv CMV antigen the 45 has the gynecological pathologies (26,0%).
At women an acute cytomegalovirus infection have been diagnosed in 26,0% of cases and most appearance have been detected in the age group 40-49 (28,6%). The cytomegalovirus infection at women have been appeared in association with HSV I (2,9%) and HSV II (5,2%) types of cases in acute, latent and reactivated forms.
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF HEALTH SCHOOL FOR PHTHISIO-PULMONOLOGICAL PATIENTS EFFICIENCY (THE CARDIOLUNG COMPLEX AS BASE OF MORPHOFUNCTIONAL DIAGNOSTIC)
Authors: Khudonogov Igor Yu. , Chubaryan Vartan T. , Yakimenko Liliya A. , Shevchenko Evgenia V.
Published: May 2024

Purpose – to investigate the diagnostic morphofunctional capabilities of the cardiopulmonary complex for electrocardiographic evaluation of the health school (HS) classes for phthisiopulmonological male patients MDR XDR MBT effectiveness.
Materials and methods. 74 male patients of the Rostov Regional Clinical Center for Phthisiopulmonology took part in the study after signing a voluntary informed consent. The age of the patients ranged from 26 to 67 years. The study was conducted in 2018. 40 patients (the main group) took part in the HS and attended from 1 to 6 classes out of 10. The interval between classes was 7 days. 34 patients did not participate in the work of the HS and made up the control group. The medical effectiveness of HS was assessed by the difference in the angles of the alpha electrical axes of the atria, ventricles and the heart as a whole before classes (on admission to the hospital) and after classes (before discharge).
Results and discussion. Significant correlations (p<0.05) were established between the frequency of visits to HS by patients with MDR XDR MBT and the following indicators: "Angle alpha deviation of the electrical axis of the ventricles (in degrees)" = -0.461; "Angle alpha deviation of the electrical axis of the heart (in degrees)" = -0.408.
Conclusion. The positive dynamics of electrocardiographic vectors allows us to consider the cardiopulmonary complex as a universal indicator system that reflects morphofunctional and clinical changes in the state of phthisiopulmonological patients as a result of informational and cognitive influences.
DIGITAL RESOURCES AS AN EFFECTIVE MEANS FOR DEVELOPING COMMUNICATIONS SKILLS OF A FUTURE DOCTOR
Authors: Makarova Olga V. , Khvoshch Raisa N. , Boldyreva Yulia V.
Published: May 2024

Background. This paper presents the experience of introducing the integrated course “Speech aspects of patient-centered communication” into the educational process of medical students. The research relevance is due to the low motivation of students to study linguistic disciplines. However, there is a direct correlation between the level of communication skills developed at language courses and the efficiency in solving professional problems, including those related to the treatment of patients.
Purpose. The paper is aimed at justifying the use of digital resources as an effective means of mastering the skills of communication between a doctor and a patient.
Materials and methods. The material of the study is educating videos, cases designed for visualizing ‘Virtual patient’, digital texts, interactive resources (https://wordwall.net/ru, https://quizlet.com, https://genial.ly, etc.), as well as and the content based on them, i.e., presentations, videos, multimedia materials. The paper uses theoretical and empirical research methods, including discourse analysis and the method of modeling situations “doctor – patient”.
Results. The introduction of digital resources contributes to the conscious developing of the future doctor communication skills and the change in the existing attitude of students to this process from - "I know how to communicate with patients" - to the opinion - “I still have a lot to learn and develop both universal basic patient orientated communication skills (establishing contact, taking anamnesis, completing a consultation) and advanced communication skills of explanation and planning.”
Conclusion. The conditions for mastering the communication skills of a future doctor are as follows: 1) organization of classes based on a collaborative approach involving active learning methods; 2) integration of subject areas, in particular language and medicine; 3) use of digital resources imitating the real working conditions with the patient and allowing you.
THE INFLUENCE OF RHIZOBACTERIA ON SOME SECONDARY METABOLITES OF FERULA: A REVIEW
Authors: Nematova Maloxat A. , Murodova Sayyora S.
Published: May 2024

Ferula L. plants are of great importance in a number of fields such as agriculture, veterinary, medicine and food industry. Medicinal properties of Ferula L. species are explained by the variety of secondary metabolites they produce, in which the activity of root rhizobacteria occupies a special place.
This article presents the research-based analysis of some biological properties, agrotechnology, secondary metabolites (ferulin A,D; diversolid A,D,F,G; kuhistanicaol A,B,C,D,G; kuhistanol (A-H); fucanefuromarin (A-G); fucanemarin A,B; fesumtuorin (A-H); ferulagol A,B; pallidon (A-F); sinkiangenorin D and others) of the species of genus Ferula L., the influence of the microbial communities (new species belonging to the genera Porphyrobacter, Paracoccus and Amycolatopsis, as well as Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, Gemmatimonadet and Bacteroides) living in the roots of Ferula L. on the synthesis of some secondary metabolites of the plant, based on scientific sources.
EFFECT OF FOLIAR TREATMENT WITH SULFUR NANOPARTICLES ON WHEAT YIELD
Authors: Massalimov Ismail A. , Shakirzyanov Anvar Kh. , Massalimov Burkhan I.
Published: May 2024

Background. The problem of mineral deficiency is solved by introducing the main types of fertilizers into the soil: nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. But at present, it is firmly established that sulfur is another most demanded macronutrient - an important element of plant nutrition, which improves the absorption of nitrogen compounds by agricultural crops and ensures its high quality. The article presents the results of pre-sowing and foliar treatment with sulfur nanoparticles on the yield and grain quality of soft spring wheat at various stages of growth.
Purpose. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of presowing and foliar treatment with sulfur nanoparticles on the yield and grain quality of soft spring wheat of the Ekada variety at various stages of growth.
Materials and methods. As a source of sulfur nanoparticles, a preparation based on calcium polysulfide was used, which, diluted to a concentration of 2%, leads to obtaining sulfur hydrosol. The sulfur particle sizes were determined using a laser particle size analyzer and a probe microscope, and the X-ray phase analysis was carried out on a diffractometer. We used soft spring wheat "Ekada 70", the characteristics of which were determined using laboratory and field experiments, which were carried out according to a completely randomized block scheme with three repetitions.
Results. It was found that the treatment of wheat with sulfur nanoparticles at all stages of growth led to an improvement in the main indicators of wheat, including a higher yield and an increase in the protein content in wheat grain.
Conclusion. Laboratory and field tests have shown that the treatment of soft wheat with a calcium polysulfide preparation has a positive effect on all key characteristics, from germination and number of productive stems to yield and protein content. The drug can be recommended for use as an environmentally friendly product that stimulates plant growth and increases the yield and quality of wheat.
Preparation for implantation of mechanical circulatory support: psychological adjustment and treatment of mental disorders in the pre- and postoperative period
Authors: Jaworska Izabela Agnieszka , Pudlo Robert , Mierzyńska Anna , Kuczaj Agnieszka , Piotrowicz Ewa , Biełka Agnieszka , Przybyłowski Piotr
Published: May 2024

Leczenie pacjentów z zawansowaną niewydolnością serca poprzez zastosowanie urządzeń wspomagających pracę lewej komory (LVADs – left ventricular assist devices) poprawia jakość życia i długość przeżycia. Poza niezaprzeczalnymi korzyściami związanymi z poprawą wydolności fizycznej na skutek ustąpienia objawów choroby podstawowej, niesie ono ryzyko powikłań w obszarze zdrowia somatycznego i psychicznego pacjenta. Długotrwała niewydolność krążenia, może przyczyniać się do osłabienia mechanizmów adaptacyjnych i w konsekwencji prowadzić do powstania różnego rodzaju zaburzeń emocjonalnych. Pacjenci muszą zmierzyć się z lękiem przed nadchodzącymi fizycznymi, rodzinnymi i społecznymi zmianami, które pociąga za sobą LVAD. Mogą wystąpić u nich zaburzenia nastroju, zaburzenia lękowe czy zaburzenia snu, a we wczesnym okresie pooperacyjnym również zaburzenia świadomości o obrazie majaczenia. Z tego powodu, na każdym etapie leczenia, wskazane jest objęcie chorego interdyscyplinarną opieką medyczną, w tym regularnym monitorowaniem ogólnego stanu zdrowia z uwzględnieniem stanu psychicznego. Artykuł przedstawia czynniki ryzyka sprzyjające wystąpieniu zaburzeń psychicznych u pacjentów z LVAD oraz sposoby farmakologicznego i niefarmakologicznego postępowania w sytuacji identyfikacji tych czynników i rozpoznania zaburzeń.
Modern view of mechanisms of chronic pain syndrome in patients with knee joint damage
Authors: Buhaiov Oleksandr
Published: May 2024

Chronic pain accompanies most diseases of the musculoskeletal system. A feature of this type of pain is its duration, for more than three months, and the absence of a damaging factor. The purpose of our review was to systematize data on the latest research on the pathogenesis of chronic pain syndrome in the knee joint and to consider modern theories of neuropathic pain. A generalization and analysis of scientific publications over the last 5 years on the topic of this study was carried out. To search for literature sources, databases and search engines were used: Web of Science, Scopus, WorldWideScience, CORE, PubMed, and Google Scholar by keywords of the research topic. After conducting a review of the literature, we found out that experts have long been interested in the issue of inconsistency of the X-ray picture in rheumatoid arthritis and pain sensations. Daily loads experienced by the knee joint increase with increasing axial movements. Traumatic and non-traumatic diseases of the knee joint are common pathologies, and the percentage of such patients increases with age. Today, joint diseases occupy the first place and can lead to loss of working capacity, disability. Recent studies have discovered the mechanisms of neuropathic pain, and in recent years the term "neuroplastic" pain has appeared. Its appearance is associated with changes in the processing of nociceptive pain and the formation of new nerve circuits that cause long-term irritation of nociceptors and inhibit the antinociceptive system, due to the blockade of the periaqueductal and rostroventromedial descending pathways, and on the periphery due to the blockade of GABA-ergic synapses.Chronic pain is a consequence of changes in the limbic system, as such pain is often accompanied by the development of depression. Manifestations of neuropathic pain are heterogeneous in terms of pathophysiological mechanisms, etiology and clinical picture. Symptoms of pain depend on the nature of the injury, as well as factors such as genetics and gender. According to research, chronic neuropathic pain is more common in women and people over 50 years of age with a predominant lesion of the lower back and lower limbs. The aging of the population, the spread of diseases associated with hypodynamia and obesity will increase the percentage of people with manifestations of neuropathic pain in the future. Conclusions. Understanding the pathogenetic mechanisms of neuropathic pain is important for the development of new therapeutic strategies targeting specific neural mechanisms.
Assessment of the rate of glomerular filtration by a non-invasive method
Authors: Ruzhylo Sofiya , Żukow Xawery , Popovych Dariya , Zakalyak Nataliya , Kovalchuk Halyna , Rohalya Yuriy , Masnyi Oleg
Published: May 2024

Background. Existing methods for assessing glomerular filtration rate (GF) are invasive. Therefore, we set ourselves the goal of evaluating the rate of glomerular filtration by a non-invasive method.
Materials and Methods. The object of observations were 10 men aged 37-69 years without clinical diagnosis tested twice with 7-days interval. The rate of glomerular filtration was calculated according to endogenous creatinine clearance and the Cockcroft & Gault formula. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was measured three times in a row. The state of the autonomic nervous system was assessed by the HRV method.
Results. We confirmed the significant correlation of GF with age and weight. The screening revealed a significant correlation of GF with a number of blood pressure and HRV parameters.
If in the classic formula we replace creatinineemia with systolic blood pressure and HRV-markers of sympathetic tone, we get a formula for estimating the GF with a standard error of 10,9 mL/min vs 2,7 mL/min, but without blood sampling. The regression model, which includes HRV and blood pressure parameters, as well as urinary creatinine concentration, allows estimating GF with a standard error of 12 mL/min.
Conclusion. The balneotherapy has a significant effect not only on blood creatinine level, but also on HRV and blood pressure parameters, and even more pronounced. Therefore, the estimation of GF based only on the Cockcroft & Gault formula is at least not much more accurate than the one proposed by us, besides, our method is completely non-invasive.