bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Remdesivir Efficacy and Tolerability in Children with COVID-19-Associated Allergic Comorbidities such as Asthma, Allergic Rhinitis, and Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Jugulete Gheorghiță , Luminos Monica , Pavelescu Carmen , Merișescu Mădălina Maria
Published: May 2023

In children, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) starts as a minor illness compared to adults, but during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, distinct SARS-CoV-2 variants and subvariants have changed options for therapies in both adults and children, especially for those with comorbidities such as allergies. On 25 April 2022, Remdesivir (RDV), a viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor, was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of pediatric patients 28 days and older, weighing ≥3 kg, hospitalized or non-hospitalized, who are at high risk of progression to severe forms of COVID-19. While RDV has been shown to have favorable effects in numerous types of research conducted on adults, such as shortening hospital stays, and has shown it has antiviral effects on various RNA viruses, there is a lack of findings regarding safety, tolerability, and efficacy of RDV in allergic pediatric patients since its initial FDA approval. This study aims to assess RDV’s efficacy and tolerability in treating pediatric patients with mild and severe forms of COVID-19-associated allergies such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis and how RDV affects the duration of hospitalization, especially for these comorbidities. The most recent pandemic wave among children rose due to the high transmissibility of the Omicron variant, and this study analyzed changes between July 2020 and September 2022 at the National Institute of Infectious Diseases “Prof. Dr. Matei Balș”, Bucharest, Romania. Our retrospective study included 250 children <18 years old, 42 (16.8%) had allergies, 132 were males (52.8%), age group 0–5 years old (80%), with a positive viral test for SARS-CoV-2. Severity was categorized as mild (43.6%), moderate (53.2%), and severe (1.6%) COVID-19, and treatment with RDV was administered in 50.4% (126/250) of children included in the study. The presence of comorbidities, asthma (7.2%), allergic rhinitis (4.4%), and atopic dermatitis (4.4%), was associated with an increased risk of developing severe COVID-19 infection in children, p < 0.05. We did not register deaths and severe complications; all cases evolved favorably under the instituted treatment. Laboratory abnormalities in transaminase levels 53.97% (ALT) and 61.9% (AST) were grades 1 or 2 and did not require discontinuation of the antiviral treatment, p < 0.05. RDV in children reduced the duration and evolution of COVID-19 and decreased the length of hospitalization in group-associated allergies; p < 0.05. This article summarizes RDV’s efficacy among children with COVID-19 and allergies when the clinical result was improved and reports positive effects on tolerability and reduced duration of hospitalization, especially in children with asthma, atopic dermatitis, and allergic rhinitis. More studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Acute Gastroenteritis in Children: A Regional, Danish, Register-Based Study
Authors: Plantener Eva , Nanthan Kumanan Rune , Deding Ulrik , Damkjær Mads , Marmolin Ea Sofie , Hansen Lotte Høeg , Petersen Jens J. H. , Pinilla Roberto , Coia John E. , Wolff Donna Lykke , Song Zhijun , Chen Ming
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) restrictions such as social distancing on the occurrence of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) among children. This study is a register-based study, including every child seen in the departments of paediatrics with the initial diagnosis of AGE in three neighbouring hospitals in Denmark, from March 2018 through February 2021. The study also included every positive stool sample for AGE-causing pathogens analysed in these three hospitals from children during the same period. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to determine differences between the period during the SARS-CoV-2 restrictions and before. In all, 222,157 children were seen in the three paediatric departments during this period. Of these, 3917 children were diagnosed with AGE. We found a decrease of 46.6% in AGE-related visits per month after the SARS-CoV-2 restrictions were introduced compared to before (p-value < 0.001). Positive stool samples decreased by 38.2% (p-value = 0.008) during the restrictions. This study found that cases of paediatric AGE decreased significantly the during COVID-19 restrictions, suggesting that studies should be conducted to determine whether this reduction was a result of good hand hygiene and social distancing or just a result of altered health-seeking behaviour among children.
Use and Acceptance of Drinking Fountains: A Pilot Study in Two Secondary Schools in Dortmund, Germany
Authors: Gerhardus Martin Jakob , Klammer Susanne , Galatsch Michael , Weigel Ralf
Published: May 2023

(1) Background: Water drinking is essential to reduce obesity in children, but effective means for implementation remain controversial. Our study assesses students’ and teachers’ use of and attitudes towards drinking fountains in two urban secondary schools. (2) Methods: In a cross-sectional study, answers from students and teachers to a 28- and 19-item questionnaire, respectively, containing closed- and open-ended questions and short interviews with the schools’ two principals were described and analysed using the question-specific number of responses as the denominator. (3) Results: Questionnaires of one hundred sixty-two students and ten teachers were analysed; 36.1% of students responded. Students viewed the schools’ two fountains as a good idea (73.3%, n = 118), recommended them to other schools (73.1%, n = 117), and felt able to distinguish healthy from unhealthy drinks (70.5%, n = 110). In contrast, 55.7% (n = 88) reported using the fountains regularly; over a week, 39.8% (n = 47) used them less than once; 26.3% (n = 31) used them one to two times. Only about a third (26.5%, n = 43) reported consuming more water since the fountains’ installation. Teachers’ responses were similar to students’; principals stressed planning and costs. (4) Conclusions: A discrepancy between a good attitude towards and actual use of drinking fountains may exist; school communities may need to look for measures to overcome it.
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Characteristics Associated with the COVID-19 Incidence in Elementary School Children: An Ecological Study in Osaka City, Japan
Authors: Oishi Kan , Mori Takaaki , Nakaya Tomoki , Ishii Kojiro
Published: May 2023

We aimed to determine whether neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics are associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence in elementary school children and, if so, the associated characteristics. We obtained data on the number of infected children from 282 public elementary schools and the socioeconomic characteristics of each school district in Osaka City, Japan. We examined associations between these variables through negative binomial regression analyses. The proportion of employment in the wholesale and retail trade industry and the college graduation rate were significantly positively and negatively associated, respectively, with the total number of COVID-19-infected children. It was discovered that percentages of employment in the accommodation and food service industries in Wave 2, wholesale and retail trade industries after Wave 3, and healthcare and social assistance industries in Wave 5 were significantly positively associated with the number of infected children; likewise, the college graduation rate in Wave 5 was significantly negatively associated with the number of infected children. Our findings provide insight into the relevant and important areas of focus for public health policymakers and practitioners to ensure reduced disparities in COVID-19 infection rates.
School Burnout after COVID-19, Prevalence and Role of Different Risk and Protective Factors in Preteen Students
Authors: Lacombe Noémie , Hey Maryelle , Hofmann Verena , Pagnotta Céline , Squillaci Myriam
Published: May 2023

Background: Current data show an increase in stress among youth since the COVID-19 pandemic, raising the question of the measures to be put in place to limit it. Aim: The aim of this study is to measure the prevalence of burnout and the different risk and protective factors of burnout among students and to compare the mean scores obtained with those collected in a similar sample in 2014. Method: Perceived health, school burnout, and the different risk and protective factors among students were measured by self-reported questionnaires among a sample of 184 students (11–13 years old). Results: The results indicate significantly higher burnout scores than in 2014. Different variables were predictive of school burnout: 1. At the individual level, a low academic achievement in mathematics, somatic symptoms, and the expressed stress; 2. At the interpersonal level, lack of support from peers, teachers, and parents and a negative classroom climate; 3. At the pandemic level, the increased workload related to the consequences of COVID-19. The factors with the greatest impact are confidence in the future, perceived stress, parental supports, and mathematics results. Conclusions: An intervention program targeting these four factors among burned out students would be relevant to set up in order to reduce its prevalence.
Rapid Genomic Testing in Intensive Care: Health Professionals’ Perspectives on Ethical Challenges
Authors: Arkell Katie , Gyngell Christopher , Stark Zornitza , Vears Danya F.
Published: May 2023

Ultra-rapid genomic sequencing (urGS) is increasingly used in neonatal and pediatric intensive care settings (NICU/PICU), demonstrating high diagnostic and clinical utility. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of healthcare professionals (HPs) and the challenges raised by urGS, particularly when making treatment decisions. Four focus groups and two interviews were conducted with HPs who had experience using urGS in NICU/PICU. Inductive content analysis was used to analyze the data. Nineteen HPs participated overall (eight clinical geneticists, nine genetic counselors, and two intensivists). One challenging area of practice identified by HPs was setting realistic expectations for outcomes of urGS among HPs and families. HPs reported modifying pre-test counseling to include life-limiting diagnoses as a possible test outcome and felt concerned about the timing of the test and its impact on parent–child bonding. UrGS results of uncertain prognostic significance posed considerable challenges. Moral distress arose when families and HPs were misaligned regarding treatment goals following the urGS diagnosis. We identified areas of practice that remain ethically challenging for HPs using urGS in the NICU/PICU. HPs experiences of using urGS in the NICU/PICU could inform specialized training in withdrawal of treatment decision making for the genomics workforce.
Association between Platelet Transfusion and Delirium in Critically Ill Children
Authors: Nelligan Matthew , Nellis Marianne E. , Mauer Elizabeth A. , Gerber Linda M. , Traube Chani
Published: May 2023

Delirium is a frequent, serious, and preventable complication in critically ill children. Inflammation has been implicated as a mechanism for the development of delirium. Platelet transfusions may potentiate the body’s pro-inflammatory responses. We hypothesized that receipt of platelets would be associated with delirium development in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). We performed a single-center retrospective cohort analysis including children admitted to the PICU between 2014 and 2018 who were transfused platelets within the first 14 days of admission. Data obtained included severity of illness, level of respiratory support, exposure to medications and blood products, as well as daily cognitive status. To account for time-dependent confounding, a marginal structural model (MSM) was constructed to delineate the relationship between platelet transfusion and next-day delirium. MSM demonstrated a 75% increase in the development of next-day delirium after transfusion of platelets (aOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.03–2.97). For every 1 cc/kg of platelet transfused, odds of next-day delirium increased by 9% (odds ratio 1.09, 95% CI 1.03–1.51). We reported an independent association between platelet transfusion and next-day delirium/coma after accounting for time-dependent confounders, with a dose–response effect. Minimizing platelet transfusions as much as clinically feasible may decrease delirium risk in critically ill children.
Research Progress of Macrocell Corrosion of Steel Rebar in Concrete
Authors: Wang Jun , Wang Qiuyue , Zhao Yun , Li Pengfei , Ji Tongyuan , Zou Gongnian , Qiao Yanxin , Zhou Zhou , Wang Guowei , Song Dan
Published: May 2023

Macrocell corrosion of steel rebar in concrete induced by corrosive environments has attracted widespread attention in the engineering community due to its rapid corrosion rate, diverse forms, and multiple incentives. Potential differences between dissimilar coupled rebar or different parts of the same rebar mainly cause macrocell corrosion of steel rebar. The more significant the potential difference, the faster the corrosion rate of the macrocell. Based on the existing research reports on macrocell corrosion of reinforced concrete, this review paper comprehensively discusses the macro- and micro-corrosion behavior of various types of steel rebar, and a variety of induction factors, such as dissimilar metals and concentration differences of the service environment, development rules. and electrochemical mechanisms for corrosion of rebar macrocells are summarized. ZRA (zero-resistance ammeter), micro-area electrochemical testing technology and evaluation techniques commonly used in the laboratory, and electrochemical testing techniques used in engineering testing are listed. Common experimental models for corrosion of rebar macrocells are briefly introduced. Based on the internal characteristics of macrocell corrosion of reinforced concrete, this paper further proposes the control strategy of macrocell corrosion, starting from the improvement of the corrosion resistance of the rebar and regulating the service environment of the reinforced concrete structure (RCS). Meanwhile, the future direction of macrocell corrosion of steel rebar is also preliminarily prospected.
Mechanical Properties and Toughening Mechanisms of Promising Zr-Y-Ta-O Composite Ceramics
Authors: Fu Xiaoteng , Zhang Fan , Zhu Wang , Pi Zhipeng
Published: May 2023

ZrO2-YO1.5-TaO2.5 (ZYTO) composite ceramics are considered to be a candidate for next-generation thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) due to their excellent thermal stability and low thermal conductivity in high temperatures; however, the mechanical properties and fracture toughness of the ZYTO system may be shortcomings compared with 7-8YSZ: the traditional TBC. In this study, ZYTO composite ceramics were successfully prepared by chemical coprecipitation reaction, and the microstructure of resulting composites was studied as a function of the doping of M-YTaO4. Mechanical properties, including the density, porosity, hardness and Young’s modulus, were all determinate; the toughening mechanism was verified by the crack growth behavior of the Vickers indentation test. The results suggest that M-YTaO4 refined the fluorite phase grain and strengthened the grain interface in the composite ceramic. The thermal mismatch between the second phase and matrix produced residual stress in the bulk and affected the crack propagation behavior. With the increase in M-YTaO4 doping, the grain coarsening and ferroelastic domains were observed in the experiments. The ferroelastic domains with orthogonal polarization directions near the crack tip evidenced the ferroelastic toughening mechanism. The competition among these crack behaviors, such as crack deflection, bridging and bifurcation, dominated the actual fracture toughness of the composite. The best toughening formula was determined in the two-phase region, and the highest indentation fracture toughness was about 42 J/m2, which was very close to 7-8YSZ’s 45 ± 5 J/m2.
Research and Application for Corrosion Rate Prediction of Natural Gas Pipelines Based on a Novel Hybrid Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Xu Lei , Yu Jin , Zhu Zhenyu , Man Jianfeng , Yu Pengfei , Li Changjun , Wang Xueting , Zhao Yuanqi
Published: May 2023

An accurate and stable prediction of the corrosion rate of natural gas pipelines has a major impact on pipeline material selection, inhibitor filling process, and maintenance schedules. At present, corrosion data are impacted by non-linearity and noise interference. The traditional corrosion rate prediction methods often ignore noise data, and only a small number of researchers have carried out in-depth research on non-linear data processing. Therefore, an innovative hybrid prediction model has been proposed with four processes: data preprocessing, optimization, prediction, and evaluation. In the proposed model, a decomposing algorithm is applied to eliminate redundant noise and to extract the primary characteristics of the corrosion data. Stratified sampling is applied to separate the training set and the test set to avoid deviation due to the sampling randomness of small samples. An improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is applied to optimize the parameters of support vector regression. A comprehensive evaluation of this framework is also conducted. For natural gas pipelines in southwest China, the coefficient of determination and mean absolute percentage error of the proposed hybrid model are 0.925 and 5.73%, respectively, with better prediction performance compared to state-of-the-art models. The results demonstrate the best approach for improving the prediction accuracy of the proposed hybrid model. This can be applied to improve the corrosion control effect and to support the digital transformation of the corrosion industry.
State of the Art and Perspectives on Surface-Strengthening Process and Associated Mechanisms by Shot Peening
Authors: Xie Xiaodong , Zhang Li , Zhu Liangliang , Li Yanbiao , Hong Tao , Yang Weibo , Shan Xiaohang
Published: May 2023

Shot peening is a surface-strengthening process that is widely used in various industries, such as aerospace, automotive, and biomedical engineering. The process involves the impact of small, spherical media, called shots, onto the surface of a material, resulting in residual compressive stress and improved surface properties. This review aims to provide an overview of the state of the art and perspectives on surface strengthening by shot peening. The review covers various aspects of shot peening, including process parameters, shot materials, and quality control techniques. The advantages and limitations of shot peening in comparison to other surface-strengthening techniques are also discussed. The findings of this review indicate that shot peening is a versatile and effective surface-strengthening technique with numerous applications, and further research is needed to fully realize its potential. In conclusion, this review provides insights into the current status and future perspectives on surface strengthening by shot peening, and it is expected to be useful for researchers, engineers, and practitioners in the field of material science and engineering.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Zr3V3GeSn4
Authors: Parks Daniel , Niang Karim , Janssen Yuri , Simonson Jack W.
Published: May 2023

Quantum fluctuations inherent in electronic systems positioned close to magnetic instabilities can lead to novel collective phenomena. One such material, β-Ti6Sn5, sits close to ferromagnetic (FM) instability and can be pushed to an itinerant FM-ordered state with only minute magnetic or non-magnetic doping. The binary nature of this compound, however, limits the tuning variables that can be applied to study any emergent physics, which are likely to be sensitive to the introduction of chemical disorder.Accordingly, we grew high-quality single crystals of a new quaternary compound Zr3V3GeSn4 from a Sn-rich self flux, and determined the structure with single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Zr3V3GeSn4 forms in an ordered derivative of the hexagonal β-Ti6Sn5 structure with Zr and V atomic positions that show no indication of site interchange. Ge likewise occupies a single unique atomic position. The V site, which would be the one most likely to give rise to any magnetic character, is located at the center of a distorted octahedron of Sn, with such octahedra arranged in face-sharing chains along the crystallographic c axis, while the chains themselves are organized in a kagome geometry. Zr3V3GeSn4 represents the second known quaternary phase within this system, suggesting that other compounds with this structure type await discovery.
Negative Thermal Expansion Caused by the Antiferroelectric Phase Transition in Lead-Free Perovskite Ceramics
Authors: Yu Huifen , Chen Liang , Zhou Chang , Qi He
Published: May 2023

Due to the structural stability and high adjustability of perovskite, lead-free perovskite ceramics are widely thought to be one of the most promising functional materials. In this work, an abnormal negative thermal expansion behavior with a linear expansion coefficient of −54.95 ppm/K is achieved in the (1-x)NaNbO3-xCaZrO3 system by driving the antiferroelectric phase transition from orthorhombic phase and tetragonal phase. The NTE mechanism is verified by temperature-dependent high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction, dielectric spectra, and Raman scattering spectroscopy. The relationship between the antiferroelectric phase transition and negative thermal expansion behavior is systematically revealed by analyzing the evolution of the phase structure with temperature. This novel negative thermal expansion feature caused by the antiferroelectric phase transition provides new guidance for designing more negative thermal expansion materials.
Obtaining Sustainable Population Structures for the Management of Red Deer
Authors: Martín-Fernández Ángel J. , Ortuño Sigfredo , Martín-Fernández Susana
Published: May 2023

Cervus elaphus populations are spreading and growing in many parts of Europe. This growth can have detrimental effects on biodiversity and ecosystem function. Successful strategies to manage large herbivores require reliable information on density and population trends. This paper presents a methodology to achieve a sustainable distribution of red deer by age and sex classes over time. Instead of traditional algebraic methods, the method consists of a simple iterative process that uses convergence to obtain the dominant eigenvalue and eigenvector of the biological matrix from an initial population. This eigenvalue represents the annual growth rate of the population, and the eigenvector represents the ideal age and sex class distribution of the population. The method has been applied to a fenced preserve in the province of Toledo, Spain. An annual population growth rate of 1.63 (dominant eigenvalue of the biological matrix) was obtained from an initial population and the biological matrix of the deer on the preserve. The convergence of this rate occurred in year 14, but the carrying capacity allows for a population close to the population in year 17 according to the prediction, which is therefore considered to be the year when the ideal population distribution is achieved. This methodology allows managers to numerically justify how to control population growth to preserve biodiversity and sustainability.
Salinity as a Key Factor in Structuring Macrophyte Assemblages in Transitional Water Bodies: The Case of the Apulian Coastal Lagoons (Southern Italy)
Authors: Tursi Andrea , Lisco Anna , Chimienti Giovanni , Mastrototaro Francesco , Ungaro Nicola , Bottalico Antonella
Published: May 2023

Coastal lagoons are dynamic transitional water ecosystems hosting valuable biological communities, including rich and diverse macrophyte assemblages. Aquatic macrophytes must cope with large fluctuations of environmental conditions on a spatial and seasonal scale. Salinity is one of the most variable parameters, changing from nearly freshwater to hypersalinity, and it is known to have a strong influence on the composition and structure of macrophyte assemblages. This study is focused on the effect of salinity on macrophyte communities of the eight most important coastal lagoons of Apulia (south-eastern Mediterranean Sea). A set of eleven transitional water body types (sensu Water Framework Directive) were allocated in a range of meso- to hyperhaline lagoons. Macrophyte sampling was carried out between 2011 and 2019, and a total of 324 samples (18 sampling stations × 2 seasons × 9 years) was analyzed. Then, macrophyte occurrence in each transitional water body (T-WB) was expressed as frequency values (%) and assemblages were compared to assess any similarity in relation to four salinity classes (mesohaline, polyhaline, euhaline and hyperhaline). Species richness varied according to the salinity class, being much higher in polyhaline and euhaline T-WBs and strongly decreasing at the extremes of the salinity range (mesohaline and hyperhaline T-WBs). Moreover, the statistical analysis showed a high resemblance of macrophyte assemblages of T-WBs within the same salinity class, which shared a great number of species. Four distinct macrophyte communities were distinguished, reflecting the salinity conditions of different T-WB types and confirming the effectiveness of a lagoon typology based on this descriptor.
Cloud-Based Smart Contract Analysis in FinTech Using IoT-Integrated Federated Learning in Intrusion Detection
Authors: Kollu Venkatagurunatham Naidu , Janarthanan Vijayaraj , Karupusamy Muthulakshmi , Ramachandran Manikandan
Published: May 2023

Data sharing is proposed because the issue of data islands hinders advancement of artificial intelligence technology in the 5G era. Sharing high-quality data has a direct impact on how well machine-learning models work, but there will always be misuse and leakage of data. The field of financial technology, or FinTech, has received a lot of attention and is growing quickly. This field has seen the introduction of new terms as a result of its ongoing expansion. One example of such terminology is “FinTech”. This term is used to describe a variety of procedures utilized frequently in the financial technology industry. This study aims to create a cloud-based intrusion detection system based on IoT federated learning architecture as well as smart contract analysis. This study proposes a novel method for detecting intrusions using a cyber-threat federated graphical authentication system and cloud-based smart contracts in FinTech data. Users are required to create a route on a world map as their credentials under this scheme. We had 120 people participate in the evaluation, 60 of whom had a background in finance or FinTech. The simulation was then carried out in Python using a variety of FinTech cyber-attack datasets for accuracy, precision, recall, F-measure, AUC (Area under the ROC Curve), trust value, scalability, and integrity. The proposed technique attained accuracy of 95%, precision of 85%, RMSE of 59%, recall of 68%, F-measure of 83%, AUC of 79%, trust value of 65%, scalability of 91%, and integrity of 83%.
Does the Presence of the Cilioretinal Artery Affect the Incidence, Clinical Picture and Progression of Age-Related Macular Degeneration?
Authors: Krytkowska Elżbieta , Grabowicz Aleksandra , Safranow Krzysztof , Machalińska Anna
Published: May 2023

The aims of this study were to analyze the relationship between the presence of the cilioretinal artery (CRA) and the incidence, severity and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to estimate the influence of the CRA on choroidal and retinal parameters. A total of 287 patients with AMD and 110 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. CRA occurrence was determined using color fundus images. AMD progression was assessed after 3 years. There was no difference in the incidence of CRA between the AMD and control groups (23.34% vs. 24.55%; p = 0.8). Lower-stage AMD was more frequently observed in eyes with the CRA than in eyes without the artery (p = 0.016). The CRA did not influence disease progression (p = 0.79). The CRA did not influence retinal and choroidal thickness and volume parameters or the retinal vessel caliber and functionality in either the AMD or control groups. There was no relationship between CRA presence and CFH Y402H and ARMS2 A69S risk variants. The results did not show a protective effect of the CRA on the incidence and progression of AMD. The CRA may affect the severity of AMD; however, the mechanism of this phenomenon is unclear.
Parameters of Auditory Evoked Related Potentials P300 in Disorders of Different Cognitive Function Domains (Visuospatial/Executive and Memory) in Elderly Hypertensive Persons
Authors: Poskotinova Liliya , Khasanova Nina , Kharak Anna , Krivonogova Olga , Krivonogova Elena
Published: May 2023

The neurophysiological correlates of certain types of cognitive impairment in relation to the spatial pattern of auditory cognitive evoked-related potentials (ERPs) in hypertensive persons remain unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the parameters of ERPs (N200, P300) in impaired different domains (visuospatial/executive and memory) of cognitive function in arterial hypertension, including cardiovascular ischemic events. A total of 46 patients (65–84 years) were observed. The clinical diagnosis of vascular dementia, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA test) and the spatial pattern of ERPs (N200, P300) were the parameters used to identify three groups: the Control Group without cognitive impairment (n = 13), the group with a leading memory disturbance (Memory Group, n = 20) and the group with a leading visuospatial/executive disturbance (VS/E Group, n = 13). In persons belonging to the Memory Group, N2 latency was prolonged in the central (C3 C4) and right parietal (P4) brain parts; latency of the motor component (P300) may remain similar to that of the ControlGroup. In persons belonging to theVS/E Group, maximal prolonged recognition time (N2), especially in the left central (C3), frontal-midline (Fz), right parietal (P3) and temporal (P4) brain parts, was observed; P300 latency in the central-midline (Cz) and left anterior-temporal (F7) brain parts among all the groups was revealed.
Heart Metastases of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Romejko Katarzyna , Rytel Adam , Rozmyslowicz Tomasz , Niemczyk Stanisław
Published: May 2023

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common genitourinary cancer. Of the several histologic types of RCC, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most frequent. Due to the development of imaging methods such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the incidence of ccRCC diagnosis has increased rapidly. However, up to one third of patients at prime diagnosis of ccRCC are at metastatic stadium of the disease. Metastases of ccRCC are found mostly in the lungs, bones and liver. Metastasis of ccRCC to the heart is an uncommon clinical situation. We present a rare case of metastatic stadium of ccRCC with metastases to heart tissue visualized in transthoracic echocardiography.
Interpretation of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring for Risk Stratification in Hypertensive Patients: The ‘Ambulatory Does Prediction Valid (ADPV)’ Approach
Authors: Angeli Fabio , Reboldi Gianpaolo , Solano Francesco Giuseppe , Prosciutto Antonietta , Paolini Antonella , Zappa Martina , Bartolini Claudia , Santucci Andrea , Coiro Stefano , Verdecchia Paolo
Published: May 2023

Several outcome-based prospective investigations have provided solid data which support the prognostic value of 24 h ambulatory blood pressure over and beyond cardiovascular traditional risk factors. Average 24 h, daytime, and nighttime blood pressures are the principal components of the ambulatory blood pressure profile that have improved cardiovascular risk stratification beyond traditional risk factors. Furthermore, several additional ambulatory blood pressure measures have been investigated. The correct interpretation in clinical practice of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring needs a standardization of methods. Several algorithms for its clinical use have been proposed. Implementation of the results of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the management of individual subjects with the aim of improving risk stratification is challenging. We suggest that clinicians should focus attention on ambulatory blood pressure components which have been proven to act as the main independent predictors of outcome (average 24 h, daytime, and nighttime blood pressure, pulse pressure, dipping status, BP variability).
Senses along Which the Entropy Sq Is Unique
Authors: Tsallis Constantino
Published: May 2023

The Boltzmann–Gibbs–von Neumann–Shannon additive entropy SBG=−k∑ipilnpi as well as its continuous and quantum counterparts, constitute the grounding concept on which the BG statistical mechanics is constructed. This magnificent theory has produced, and will most probably keep producing in the future, successes in vast classes of classical and quantum systems. However, recent decades have seen a proliferation of natural, artificial and social complex systems which defy its bases and make it inapplicable. This paradigmatic theory has been generalized in 1988 into the nonextensive statistical mechanics—as currently referred to—grounded on the nonadditive entropy Sq=k1−∑ipiqq−1 as well as its corresponding continuous and quantum counterparts. In the literature, there exist nowadays over fifty mathematically well defined entropic functionals. Sq plays a special role among them. Indeed, it constitutes the pillar of a great variety of theoretical, experimental, observational and computational validations in the area of complexity—plectics, as Murray Gell-Mann used to call it. Then, a question emerges naturally, namely In what senses is entropy Sq unique? The present effort is dedicated to a—surely non exhaustive—mathematical answer to this basic question.
Research on Improved DNA Coding and Multidirectional Diffusion Image Encryption Algorithm
Authors: Liu Jia , Chang Haiping , Ran Weiyu , Wang Erfu
Published: May 2023

In order to make the security and operating efficiency of an image encryption algorithm coexist, this study proposed a color image encryption algorithm with improved DNA coding and rapid diffusion. During the stage of improving DNA coding, the chaotic sequence was used to form a look-up table to complete the base substitutions. In the replacement process, several encoding methods were combined and interspersed to make the randomness higher, thereby improving the security performance of the algorithm. In the diffusion stage, three-dimensional and six-directional diffusion was performed on the three channels of the color image by taking the matrix and the vector as the diffusion unit successively. This method not only ensures the security performance of the algorithm, but also improves the operating efficiency in the diffusion stage. From the simulation experiments and performance analysis, it was shown that the algorithm has good encryption and decryption effects, large key space, high key sensitivity, and strong security. The algorithm can effectively resist differential attacks and statistical attacks, and has good robustness.
Nonlinear Modeling and Transmission Efficiency Optimization of MCR-WPT System Based on Monte Carlo-Interior Point Method
Authors: Wu Zhihan , Jiang Yanwei , Xiu Guanquan , Wu Yongcai , Shu Xujian
Published: May 2023

With the optimization goal of improving the transmission efficiency of the magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transmission (MCR-WPT) system, the influencing factors and suppression methods of frequency splitting phenomenon (FSP) are analyzed from the perspective of input impedance based on the mutual inductance model. Then we propose the Monte Carlo-Interior Point method (MC-IPM) for nonlinear modeling to determine the optimal system parameters while ensuring that the system does not suffer from FSP. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed method can obtain the optimal parameters faster and achieve higher transmission efficiency. The optimized system can meet the practical requirements and provides a reference value for improving the transmission performance of MCR-WPT.
Elicitation of Content Layout Preferences in Virtual 3D Spaces Based on a Free Layout Creation Task
Authors: Sudár Anna , Csapó Ádám B.
Published: May 2023

Three-dimensional virtual reality (VR) environments, whether operating on desktop platforms or immersive screens, have been recognized for enabling novel and extremely engaging methods of interacting with digital content across various fields of application. Studies conducted over the past several years have also consistently suggested that utilizing 3D in contrast to 2D interfaces can lead to enhancements in multiple performance dimensions. These enhancements encompass better understanding and retention of information, increased capacity for inventive and efficient collaboration, and the ability to execute workflows that integrate numerous information sources more quickly. At the same time, how digital content such as documents, audio–visual content and web browsers are integrated into 3D spaces is often decided by the creators of the spaces based on either aesthetic considerations, or on a case-by-case basis depending on the workflow. In this paper, we present the results of an experiment we conducted to better understand how users prefer to arrange digital content in their 3D environments, depending on the subject matter, the format of the content (e.g., text-based, image, or audio–visual) and the 3D objects within the space. The results of the experiment presented in the paper can help inform future 3D VR design methodologies and may also provide support for automated content arrangement solutions.
An Influence of Spatial Harmonics on an Electromagnetic Torque of a Symmetrical Six-Phase Induction Machine
Authors: Kutsyk Andriy , Korkosz Mariusz , Semeniuk Mykola , Nowak Marek
Published: May 2023

The analyses of the influence of spatial harmonics on the electromagnetic torque of the multi-phase induction machine and reducing this influence are important tasks to ensure the high efficiency of the induction machine. Designing the machine to consider the influence of spatial harmonics is essential to ensure the desired mechanical and energy characteristics. In the case of the sinusoidal winding supply of the induction machine, the magnetomotive force has high spatial harmonics, which are caused by the machine-winding design. The interaction between the 5th, 7th, 11th and 13th spatial harmonics of the winding function and the first time-harmonic of the winding supply causes the appearance of the 6th and 12th harmonics in the electromagnetic torque of the machine. A prototype of the symmetrical six-phase induction machine and the experimental study for the influence of spatial harmonics on the harmonic content of the stator currents in different machine modes are given in this paper. The mathematical model of the six-phase induction machine has been developed using the average voltages in integration step method. The introduction of the harmonic components into the magnetization inductance in the mathematical model of the six-phase induction machine for taking into account the spatial harmonics of the machine-winding function is proposed in this paper. The adequacy of the mathematical model was confirmed by comparing the simulation and experimental results. The harmonic content of the electromagnetic torque, which is caused by spatial harmonic influence, is analyzed.
Flow Characteristics and Parameter Influence of the Under-Expansion Jet on Circulation Control Airfoil
Authors: He Meng , Zhang Liu , Li Chang , Zhao Lei
Published: May 2023

The enhancement in the jet pressure ratio and jet velocity contributes to expanding the control efficiency and control boundary of circulation control airfoil under high subsonic incoming flow. However, because of an excessive jet pressure ratio, the jet separates prematurely on the Coanda surface, resulting in control failure. In a bid to improve the adhesion capability of the jet under a high pressure ratio, a circulation control airfoil with a converging nozzle and back-facing step structure at the trailing edge was numerically simulated based on the Reynolds averaged Navier−Stokes equation (RANS), and a study was conducted on the complex flow structure of the under-expansion jet on the Coanda surface and the impact of design parameters such as jet pressure ratio, ellipticity, and nozzle height on the jet separation. The results show that the back-facing step provides an expansion space for the under-expansion jet and changes the shock-boundary layer interaction form. As the jet pressure ratio and nozzle height increase, the size of the shock cell increases, the strength of the intercepting shocks on both sides increases, and Mach reflection occurs, resulting in jet stratification and in a decline in the adhesion capability of the jet. The combination design of proper ellipticity and the back-facing step contributes to forming a closed low-pressure vortex area behind the step and promote jet attachment. Reducing the nozzle height can improve the adhesion capability of the jet under a high pressure ratio.
Wind Retrieval from Constellations of Small SAR Satellites: Potential for Offshore Wind Resource Assessment
Authors: Badger Merete , Fujita Aito , Orzel Krzysztof , Hatfield Daniel , Kelly Mark
Published: May 2023

The planning of offshore wind energy projects requires wind observations over long periods for the establishment of wind speed distributions. In the marine environment, high-quality in situ observations are sparse and restricted to point locations. Numerical modeling is typically used to determine the spatial variability of the wind resource. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) observations from satellites can be used for retrieval of wind fields over the ocean at a high spatial resolution. The recent launch of constellations of small SAR satellites by private companies will improve the sampling of SAR scenes significantly over the coming years compared with the current sampling rates offered by multi-purpose SAR missions operated by public space agencies. For the first time, wind fields are retrieved from a series of StriX SAR scenes delivered by Synspective (Japan) and also from Sentinel-1 scenes delivered by the European Space Agency. The satellite winds are compared with wind speed observations from the FINO3 mast in the North Sea. This leads to root-mean-square errors of 1.4–1.8 m s−1 and negative biases of −0.4 m s−1 and −1.0 m s−1, respectively. Although the Geophysical Model Functions (GMF) applied for wind retrievals have not yet been tuned for StriX SAR observations, the wind speed accuracy is satisfactory. Through conditional sampling, we estimate the wind resource from current and future SAR sampling scenarios where the number of SAR satellites in orbit is increasing over time. We find that hourly samples are needed to fully capture the diurnal wind speed variability at the site investigated. A combination of SAR samples from current missions with samples from clusters of small SAR satellites can yield the necessary number of wind speed samples for accurate wind resource estimation. This is particularly important for sites with pronounced diurnal wind speed variability. An additional benefit of small SAR satellites is that wind speed variability can be mapped at the sub-km scale. The very high spatial resolution is valuable for characterizing the wind conditions in the vicinity of existing offshore wind farms.
Honeycomb-like Hierarchical Porous Carbon from Lignosulphonate by Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Alkali Activation for High-Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Xin , Liu Shi , Zhao Yuqi , Yang Haicun , Li Jinchun
Published: May 2023

Porous carbon materials (PCs) were prepared via hydrothermal carbonization from calcium lignosulfonate (CL) based on enzymatic hydrolysis and alkali activation. The effects of enzymatic hydrolysis and different KOH feeding ratios on the structure and electrochemical properties of enzymatic hydrolysis CL (EHCL)-derived PCs were evaluated in detail. The results showed that the EHCL-derived PCs showed a higher SSA than that of CL. When the mass ratio of KOH/EHCL was 3/2, the PCs exhibited a honeycomb-like microscopic morphology with a specific surface area of up to 1771 m2/g and a 3D hierarchical porous structure composed of abundant micropores, mesopores, and macropores. As an electrode in a supercapacitor, the highest specific capacitance was 147 F/g at a current density of 0.25 A/g, and it maintained 78% of the initial value at a high current density of 10 A/g. The excellent electrochemical cycle and structural stability were confirmed on the condition of a higher capacitance retention of 95.2% after 5000 times of galvanostatic charge/discharge. This work provides a potential application of CL in high-performance supercapacitors.
Implementation and Evaluation of a Complex Pumped-Storage Hydropower Plant with Four Units, Common Penstock, and Surge Tank in a Real-Time Digital Simulator
Authors: Akbari Hasan , Pérez-Díaz Juan I. , Sarasúa José-Ignacio , Schürhuber Robert
Published: May 2023

The demand for energy storage systems is rising together with the proportion of renewable energy sources (RES) in power systems. The highest capacity among the various energy storage systems in power systems is provided by pumped-storage hydropower (PSH). In this paper, the ability of the real-time digital simulator (RTDS), e.g., dSpace–SCALEXIO, to emulate a complex pumped-storage hydropower plant with four units, two common penstocks, a surge tank, and a long headrace tunnel is investigated. The RTDS is the smart brain of an advanced lab setup called power hardware in the loop (PHIL), which is an extremely safe and useful lab system for electrical power system research and testing hardware and methods under various conditions. In this research, the capability of an RTDS to emulate the behavior of a pumped-storage hydropower plant including four Francis pump-turbines, four short penstocks, two common penstocks, a surge tank, and a long headrace tunnel is evaluated. Francis pump-turbines are modelled based on the hill chart-based interpolation and waterways including penstocks and headrace tunnel are modelled based on the polynomial approximation of a hyperbolic function. Finally, the results from the RTDS are presented and discussed. According to the results of the paper, we confirm that the RTDS can accurately emulate the hydraulic, mechanical, and electrical transients of a pumped-storage hydropower plant with a complex configuration.