bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative study on the performance of one part and two part geopolymer concrete
Authors: K Arunkumar , L Sethulakshmi B. , P V Gokul , D Ramesh Kumar , Kumar Ashish
Published: May 2024

As cement is the primary cause of CO2 emission, an attempt is made to replace the cement and it is done by replacing the cement with GGBS and silica fume along with activators such as sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide. By enrolling such materials in concrete, it will ensure the reduction of environmental consequences. This research is done by replacing of the cement with GGBS and silica fume without involving any type of admixtures. And it is done for M 30 grade with varying GGBS i.e., 90%, 80%, 70% and 60%. And to accelerate the pozzolanic effect, silica fume is added in diverse proportions i.e., 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. Sodium hydroxide is kept constant throughout. Specimens were prepared for testing and ambient curing of 7 & 28 days has done. Tests such as compressive, split-tensile and flexural strength test are performed to obtain the mechanical behaviour of the concrete.
Experimental study on partial replacement of fine aggregate in concrete by waste tyre rubber and cement by fly ash
Authors: Thomas Ajith , Kuruvilla Reni
Published: May 2024

Waste tyre disposal is one of the biggest environmental problems the world is currently experiencing. Because of its non-bio degradable character, it is very difficult to dispose them without making much harm to the environment. So, there is a big need of finding out a new way to dispose the tyre waste safely. Use of tyre rubber in place of fine aggregate in construction field was one of the alternatives put forth. An investigation in the compressive strength of concrete having shredded tyres in place of sand was conducted through an experimental program. For this investigation, several cubes, beams, and cylinders of M30 grade were cast. The fine aggregate in concreter mix were replaced with 20%,25%,30% of tyre rubber. As we all know that, that, there are numerous thermal power plants across the world, each plant produces different kinds of waste materials like fly ash, its disposal also needs some serious supervision. Due to the presence of some chemical’s like calcium oxide, fly ash can be used as a cementing material. This experiment studies the characteristics of tyre rubber induced concrete and check the feasibility of replacing cement with 25% of fly ash in that rubberized concrete mix.
Experimental study on flexural strength of slurry infiltrated fibrous concrete (SIFCON) produced with various percentages of waste steel fibers recovered from used tires
Authors: Penda Ravi Prasad , I V Ramana Reddy
Published: May 2024

Slurry Infiltrated Fibrous Concrete (SIFCON), a modified version of Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC), addresses the challenge of increased fiber volume fractions. Commercially produced steel fibers are typically used in FRC and SIFCON. Efforts to reduce energy use in making commercial steel fibers have led to seeking alternative sources. Vehicular tires are typically recycled when no longer usable, yielding steel fibers among the products. Emphasis lies in recovering steel fibers from used tires as part of resource recovery from waste. Experimental work explored flexural strength in SIFCON with waste steel fibers at volumes from 4% to 7%. The study extended to assess SIFCON’s flexural strength with commercial steel fibers at similar volumes, aiming to correlate with those from waste steel fibers. M20 grade concrete and SIFCON slurry matrix specimens were cast as reference mixes for comparison. The flexural strength of SIFCON specimens with waste steel fibers recovered from used tires notably surpasses that of reference mixes and is comparable to SIFCON specimens with commercial steel fibers. Additionally, the two-layer technique proves effective in SIFCON using waste steel fibers from used tires, up to 6% volume. The test results show successful production of SIFCON from waste steel fibers recovered from used tires.
Experimental study on steel fiber reinforced concrete modified with egg shell powder and nano silica
Authors: Soman Aswathy , Rajeev Parvathy , Santhosh Sayana , Krishna Visal , Vijayan Jithin
Published: May 2024

This work presents the mechanical characteristics of concrete enhanced with egg shell powder (ESP) and nano-silica (NS) along with steel fibres. Steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) offers several benefits, including prevention of macro cracks, improving ductility and residual strength and increasing toughness. These benefits make SFRC a valuable choice for structural applications requiring enhanced durability, crack resistance, and resilience to mechanical stresses. To develop the modified concrete mixture the Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC 53 grade) was partially replaced with varying percentage such as 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% of ESP and NS by weight of the total binder content. Steel fibers were merged into the concrete at a volume fraction of 1.5% by weight of concrete to boost the engineering characteristics of concrete. The effect of ESP and NS were observed on compressive, flexural and split tensiles trength of the concrete. The test was conducted after 7 and 28days of curing period. The inclusion of 10% and 15% percentage of ESP and NS gives high mechanical properties. The findings validated the suitability and efficacy of employing ESP and NS as partial substitutes for OPC, leading to substantial enhancements in the engineering characteristics of SFRC.
Advancement of Concrete by Partially Replacing Cement by Zeolite & Fine Aggregate by Glass Powder
Authors: Santhosh Akhila , Shinoji Abhijith , Jayakumar Abhirami , P J Govind Lal , G Raj Aksharamol
Published: May 2024

Using glass powder for partially replacing of fine aggregate in concrete helps to reduce the demand for natural resources like sand, promote recycling of glass waste and enhance the overall strength and durability of concrete, it can also improve the thermal and sound insulation properties of concrete. Zeolite is a naturally occurring mineral that can enhance the properties of concrete, and increase its strength and durability. It can also help with reducing the carbon footprint of concrete production. By partially replacing cement with zeolite, we can reduce the amount of cement needed, which in turn reduces the carbon emissions associated with cement production. Zeolite is a type of porous mineral that has unique properties, making it a potential substitute for cement in concrete production. When zeolite is used as supplementary cementitious material, it improves strength and durability of the concrete while reducing its environmental impact. This property helps to improve the workability of the mix and enhance the hydration process of cement. Additionally, zeolite can contribute to the formation of additional cementitious materials, which can further enhance the durability and strength of the concrete. By partially replacing cement with zeolite, we can reduce the overall amount of cement used in concrete production. Manufacturing of cement is a main source of co2 emissions, this reduction can help to mitigate the environmental impact of
concrete manufacturing.
Rubber fibre reinforced geopolymer concrete with silica fumes as a replacement for fine aggregate
Authors: Annie Abraham Nimisha , S Abhishek , Das Aswin , K S Anusree , P Sibi Devaraj
Published: May 2024

This experimental study deals with the upgrading of rubber fibre reinforced geopolymer concrete with silica fumes as replacement of fine aggregate. Researches are experimenting with replacing ordinary portland cement with GGBS as binder. GGBS has several
positive environmental impacts. It reduces the carbon footprints of concrete producing by completely or partially replacing a portion of cement, which is a significant source of CO2 emission. In this experiment fine aggregate also partially replaced with silica fume by
10%,20%,30%,40% and 50%. Silica fumes is extremely fine particles, with high surface area and reactivity, make it an excellent material for enhancing the properties of concrete. When adding to concrete mixture silica fumes filled the voids between cement particles leading to denser and stronger concrete. Cube and cylinder are the specimens cured at 7 and 28 days for determining the mechanical properties like compressive strength and split tensile strength. Sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide were the alkali solution used as an admixture for the concrete grade-M30. The rubber fibres are added at 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% to the obtained optimum value. From 10%-50%, 30% of silica fumes in geopolymer shows the optimum mix when compared to conventional Portland cement concrete mix. Our project point to emphasize an advanced concrete mix that is sustainable, durable and ecofriendly for the construction field.
Experimental Behaviour of Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Low Calcium Ferro Geopolymer Paver Block
Authors: Michael Theressa , Kadarkarai Arunkumar , M Muthukannan , P Swaminathan , Kumar Asish
Published: May 2024

The environment friendly and creative material in the construction field is the Geopolymer concrete. The two main constituents of Geopolymer are the source material and the alkaline liquids. In previous studies, alternate for alumino silicate source material as wood ash in geopolymer concrete was found and optimized with fly ash. Moreover, from the previous literatures it could be noted that, GPC had a less brittleness and energy absorbent. To improve the brittleness and energy absorption capacity polypropylene fibre and rubber fibre were added by 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 % of volume fraction at different ratios. Further, effects on addition of polypropylene and rubber fibres of the optimized wood ash-fly ash based low calcium geopolymer were studied. In the previous study, hybridization of fibres was found out. On other hand, concrete paver block has major disadvantages of less skid resistance, less strength, less energy absorbent, less slip resistance. Hence, the research on finding an alternative to the cement paver block is needed. Ferro-cement was a wonderful technology in the construction industry which have tendency to give more strength to the structure. In this study, the low calcium ferro-geopolymer paver block for an alternate of cement paver block was proposed. Meanwhile, the ferrogeopolymer technology was used by varying the different type of meshes and different layout patterns of meshes. The optimized ferro-geopolymer paver block is going to be produced by varying the shape and size of paver block, surface texture of the paver block. The compressive behaviour, split tensile behaviour, and flexural behaviour is going to be studied for the optimization of low calcium ferro-geopolymer paver block. Micro-structural characterization is also going to be studied for the detailed understanding of inside reaction of low calcium ferro-geopolymer paver block by SEM and EDX.
An investigation of biopolymers in corrosion resistance under industrial exposure condition
Authors: S Revathi , B Thirumal , M Mukarram Reza , P Dhamodharan
Published: May 2024

India, a developed country with a bounty of resources, has produced a large number of biopolymers that were employed in historical construction. If these biopolymers are proven through research to have positive aspects, it would eventually result in the development of environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and long-lastingstructures. Although many of the efficient inhibitors, like chromate and arsenate, are exceedingly poisonous, the price of inorganic inhibitors is generally inexpensive. As neem and turmeric extracts are readily available and may be obtained year-round in concrete, they should be further investigated as corrosion inhibitors in various ratios and combination. This experimental investigation can be used to provide a corrosion inhibitor that is affordable, non-toxic, eco-friendly, and user-friendly.The application of biopolymer in concrete has been supported by the results of the feasibility study, which additionally showed promising result for aexcellent corrosion inhibitor from the phytochemical analysis and results for compressive strength.
Experimental Investigation of Structural Properties Assessment of Biological Based Self Healing Concrete
Authors: B Nithya , S Manimegalai , V Ajithkumar , S Mohan , M Devi
Published: May 2024

Crack development is common occurrence in concrete structural element. By the cracks, which permits the H2O and varies form of chemicals inside the concrete elements and lessen their durability characteristics, properties of strength and which make the rust on rebar when its contact with H2O, Carbon-di-oxide(CO2) including other chemicals. In the concrete structures to repair it needs usual maintenance and particular unique method of treatment but it will not be cost effective. To rectify the issue the mechanism of self-healing is induced in concrete element which assists by generating crystallization of CaCO3 to repair the cracks which helps to clog the micro nano-cracks and endopores. The literatures studies were carried and the bacteria were selected based on the condition of survive in the pH greater than 10. The mix design of M30 concrete grade was designed for the work. The Culturing or Diluting of Calcite Depositing Bacillus Subtilis Bacteria was carried. The casted specimens are to determine the mechanical characteristics of concrete without and with bacteria for different cell concentrations for the comparison. After the curing period, the concrete with bacteria improves the structural properties which were found by the strength characteristics experiments on different cell concentration specimens in comparison with normal concrete. The crack closure and micro structural analysis were carried out by using Ultrasonic pulse velocity test and SEM analysis.
Material management in automobile industry: Era 4.0
Authors: S Kumar Suryatej , Kumar Mogha Sandeep
Published: May 2024

Nowadays, a lot of places worldwide are using Industry 4.0 technology. Smart manufacturing, supply chains, warehousing, logistics, and materials are all developed with the usage of these technologies, especially in automobile sector. It can potentially resolve complex production issues from a commercial perspective. Industry 4.0 technologies that are available for enhancing manufacturing procedures and material quality of automobile industry are thoroughly examined in this article. In the upcoming era of vehicles, we have enumerated the several technologies that are currently available, together with their attributes and advantages for efficient management. Automobile businesses may optimise their inventory and material waste with the use of digital technologies, which lowers costs. When necessary, employees who are located on different sites can work together with ease due to remote collaboration. By helping them stay current with knowledge, these tools eventually close communication barriers. Proper equipment monitoring in industries utilising Industry 4.0 technology will be aided by smart predictive analysis. Early detection and resolution of material defects is possible with the help of these advance technologies. Additionally, this meets the customer's expectations and offers transparency in the systems and procedures.
The Development of Composites Materials: From Conventional to Innovative Uses
Authors: Hussain Laeth , Praveen  , Ragavu Sreerench , Pahwa Shilpa , Jain Alok , R J Anandhi , Praveena K.
Published: May 2024

This paper explores the evolution, development, and application of composite substances from conventional methodologies to their innovative uses throughout numerous sectors. Composite materials, known for their strength, versatility, and resilience, have seen substantial advances, especially with the incorporation of nanotechnologies and hybrid fiber reinforcements. By means of analyzing exclusive matrix substances, reinforcement sorts, and fabrication techniques, this study highlights the transition from traditional composites to advanced metallic matrix nanocomposites (MMNCS) and fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPS). Special interest is given to the demanding situations associated with manufacturing, together with uniform dispersion of nanoparticles and damage-free machining of fiber composites. Moreover, the paper discusses the environmental impact that specialize in sustainable options like natural fiber reinforcements. Through comprehensive critiques and case studies, this research objectives to offer a holistic information of the cutting-edge state and future potential of composite materials in improving industrial purposes even as addressing environmental concerns.
Impact of Limestone Calcined Clay Concrete (LC3) in Various Aggressive Soil Environments: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: B Seralathan , V Murugaiyan
Published: May 2024

Aggressive soil environments are known for causing deterioration in concrete sub-structure and attacking the concrete of the
earth structures by chemical contamination of the soil with fluoride, sulfide, and chloride. The degree of deterioration in the soil can vary from rapid dissolution to minor effects. Many construction materials placed underground are exposed to the aggressive action of the soil. Therefore, studying the impact of soil nature on the deterioration of concrete is crucial to maintaining the safety and efficiency of infrastructures. Recent research states that the conception of limestone calcined clay concrete (LC3) is different from ordinary concrete. Therefore some changes in durability and strength might occur. Hence the present study focuses on the strength and durability aspects, which are of prime importance in almost all concrete structures and permeability. This review stated that LC3, due to their dense microstructure, were chemically resistant in terms of compressive strength, surface scaling, and length change in the aggressive soil environment. These promising results escalate LC3 to be suitable for more reliable concrete earth structures. This paper discusses the properties, optimisation method, environmental impacts, strength, and durability of LC3 and ends with suggestions on subjects on which further research is required.
A Multi-Objective Approach to Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems: Cascading Hydropower for Solar and Wind Variability Compensation
Authors: J Mathan , V Bharath , K Dhanush , Kumar M Manoj
Published: May 2024

Renewable energy sources like solar and wind face an insurmountable obstacle in the form of environmental change-induced discontinuity and instability. Since hydropower is quick to respond and doesn't cost much to alter, it was a common choice for electric energy system correction. A cascade hydropower (CHP) station compensates the hydro power-solar-wind energy system that we present in this study, which considers several long-term goals. Among the model's objectives is the optimization of the power system's annual total power generation while simultaneously minimizing power output variations. As a prerequisite for optimizing hydropower, this model first determines the total Photovoltaic (PV) and wind power, and then feeds those numbers into the power grid. In order to obtain a set of solutions for the model that has been proposed, we suggest an enhanced non-dominated sorting whale optimization algorithm (NSWOA). According to the findings, decision-makers have access to a plethora of options for optimal selection through the revised NSWOA, and hydropower's superior modifying capabilities more than compensate for the PV and wind power's deficiencies.
Optimizing Thermal Performance in Parabolic Trough Solar Power Systems: An Experimental Design and Analysis
Authors: A Sivalingam , G Ravivarman , A Kalaiyarasan , M Sivaranjani , G Vijayasekaran , J Dhanasekaran
Published: May 2024

The efficiency of a Parabolic Trough (PT) Solar Power Plant heavily relies on its thermal performance. Modern technology has allowed for the creation of more efficient methods of producing steam and of collecting solar energy for thermal power generation. Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE) built and tested an 11.1 m2 parabolic trough concentrator (PTC). A system that generates steam indirectly by using concentrating solar power (CSP) is examined. The study examined absorbers' thermal properties, thermal efficiency of combined thermal exchangers, concentration ratio, heat efficiency, and steam generation to determine their influence on energy efficiency. The experimental findings display that 557.85 watts of energy are absorbed by the PTC receiver. The PT solar plant system has a thermal energy efficiency of 25 to 29 % and a concentration factor of about 200 on average. The parabolic trough concentrator generates a maximum of 9.1 kg.h-1 of steam.
Employing Piezoelectricity to Generate Sustainable Energy with Green Harmonics
Authors: Himabindu Modi , V Revathi , Gupta Manish , S Panicker Meera , Chandra Pradeep Kumar , Hamza Laeth H.J. , Maan Preeti
Published: May 2024

This paper examines the potential of piezoelectric substances in presenting sustainable and renewable energy solutions, that specialize in energy harvesting and self-maintaining smart sensing mechanisms inside numerous systems. Highlighting the inefficacy of conventional construction substances like simple cement paste in energy capture, this study delves into current methodologies that expand the piezoelectric abilities of cement-based composites through innovative admixtures and physical treatments. Additionally, the research explores the broader utilization of piezoelectric materials across various sectors together with healthcare, environmental tracking, and consumer electronics, propelled by using the need for wireless sensing nodes and embedded microsystems to have a reliable power source. Emphasizing the environmental advantages, this paper affords a comparative analysis of cutting-edge developments, challenges, and future possibilities within the area of piezoelectric power harvesting (PEH), which include the exploration of lead-free substances and the advancement in hybrid energy harvesting devices.
Estimation among the Geomorphological Traits of Rapti River Basin Utilizing Geographic Technologies
Authors: Kumar Ankur , Srivastava Nishita , Mishra Anjali , Verma Amit , Nishad Antima
Published: May 2024

This study used a combination of cutting-edge technology and tools, including remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS), to ascertain the geomorphological features of the Rapti River basin. The watershed area, perimeter, stream order, basin length, stream length, mean stream length, bifurcation ratio, stream length ratio, form factor, drainage density, stream frequency, circularity ratio, elongation ratio, compactness coefficient, constant of channel maintenance, length of overland flow, etc. where among the various geomorphological characteristics found in the represent study. Studying geomorphology is crucial to comprehending how watersheds behave hydrologically. Measuring the drainage network's linear and shaped features as well as the contributing ground slopes can help with the morphometric study of a drainage basin and its stream system. Sub watersheds could be prioritized using morphometric analysis by calculating linear and shape characteristics. The morphometric parameters of a watershed are useful in describing a watershed when there is a lack of extensive hydrological data. A basin's morphological feature reflects its characteristics, which can be used to combine hydrological response. When quantified and expressed in morphometric parameters, basin characteristics can be examined to see how they affect runoff. Surface runoff, infiltration, and erosion susceptibility within the basin can all be qualitatively assessed through the interpretation and quantitative analysis of five drainage parameters. We learned about the wide range of uses for geographic information systems, global positioning systems, remote sensing, and other instruments. GIS and remote sensing methods are widely used in NRM due to this application diversity. These approaches aren't used in case of Rapti basin which will help in better planning and management of resources of the basin.
Assessing Environmental Impact: Machine Learning for Crop Yield Prediction
Authors: Addu Sowjanya , Sheelam Srujana , Mekala Samhitha , Sulthana Nazma , Mekala Lohitha , Alsalami Zaid
Published: May 2024

Most agricultural crops have been badly affected by the effect of global climate change in India. In terms of their output over the past 20 years. It will allow policymakers and farmers to take effective marketing and storage steps to predict crop yields earlier in their harvest. This project will allow farmers to capture the yield of their crops before cultivation in the field of agriculture and thus help them make the necessary decisions. Implementation of such a method with web-based graphic software that is simple to use and the machine learning algorithm can then be distributed. This paper focuses mainly on predicting the yield of the crop by applying various machine-learning techniques. The classifier models used here include KNN, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Voting Classifier. The prediction made by machine learning algorithms will help the farmers decide which crop to grow to induce the most yield by considering factors like temperature, rainfall, humidity, pH, etc. This bridges the gap between technology and the agriculture sector.
Effect of Water Storage Tank Material on Quality of Water with Storage Period
Authors: Bindu O S D Hima , Prasad G.V.K.S.V. , Al-Fatlawy Ramy
Published: May 2024

Quality drinking water is of prime importance for human need. Potable water comes from surface water and groundwater sources and it is acceptable for human consumption. The method of storing water plays a crucial role in maintaining its purity and safety for human consumption. Due to lack of continuous water supply, storage tanks are necessary to store water and storage tank material may affect the quality of potable water. The objective of this study is to investigate the variation in water quality during storage for some particular time period in different types of storage containers. 40 days (six weeks) is considered to determine potable water quality variation during storage in different container materials and materials used for containers are plastic tanks, clay pot and Reinforced Cement Concrete. To find the water quality parameters, samples are to be collected at five days interval. During the period of storage, physical, chemical and biological water quality parameters are to be determined. Parameters obtained from above tests are analyzed to understand the effect of age and container material on the quality of potable water. This analysis is useful to choose the material of storage container to store water for a particular period of time.
Study On Flood Management and Analysis Using Geographical Information Systems On Godavari, Konaseema District, India
Authors: Venkat Charyulu S. , Narendar Reddy Gudheti , Narendar Yellavula , Jasim Alzubaidi Laith H.
Published: May 2024

The Konasema area in Andhra Pradesh, India is prone to flooding due to coastal storms, storm surges, and river overflows. Flooding can be dangerous and pose a threat to human life and property. Floods are unpredictable and can happen suddenly, causing significant damage. Therefore, planning for flood management is essential for rescuing flood victims, resolving flood issues, and implementing preventive measures. In recent years, flooding has become more frequent in the Konaseema area, especially in the Godavari river's and near surrounding areas. Heavy floods from the Godavari River have been caused severe flooding in nearby konaseema villages. Flood management by water resource planners using GIS (Geographic Information System) developed land use and land cover maps, Flood zone maps in the study region. This study aims to analyse impact of Godavari River floods in Konaseema and East Godavari district Andhra Pradesh, India. DEM (Digital Elevation Model) is generated and prepared various thematic maps of Flood prone regions. The GIS generated flood impacted maps are analyzed and these maps will help to rescue the people from flood regions and migrate them in time to the safe zones.
Capacity of heterogeneous traffic in urban areas: A level of service estimation
Authors: Paul Surovi , Kumar C Vivek , Chandrashekar Rakesh , Nagpal Amandeep , Khan Irfan , Raed Rawya , Sharma Niti
Published: May 2024

A high traffic congestion in metropolitan cities of India is still a problem which affects the capacity of road. The traffic
congestion decreases the speed of vehicle and accumulates the vehicles on road. The gradual expansion of urbanization and the rise of megacities, with their massive populations, present considerable obstacles for developing nations. As the world's populace continues to grow, there is a continuous influx of individuals relocating to urban areas. The developing country such as India facing a problem traffic congestion and its affect the infrastructure of road. Thus, in that case Level of Service (LOS) will be beneficial for increasing the capacity of road. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the LOS estimation in peak and non-peak hours. Estimation of LOS in peak and non-peak hours in urban areas will be beneficial for Indian government to take necessary action. Results revealed that During both peak and non-peak hours, the PCU readings for different types of vehicles are calculated. The velocity of vehicles has a notable influence on the capacity of roadways, even when traffic numbers are modest. Increasing the width of the road leads to a corresponding increase in the Passenger Car Unit (PCU) of a certain vehicle. Due to the increased flexibility offered by a broader thoroughfare, it is more advantageous to traverse by vehicle.
Integrating forest management and Watershed health for Sustainable Water sources
Authors: Sumalatha IPPA , V B. Asha , Sugunan Rakhi , Thethi H. Pal , Pratap Bhishm , Fallah Mohammed H. , Maan Preeti
Published: May 2024

This paper explores the complex relationship among forest management practices and watershed health, emphasizing the crucial
function of forests in sustaining freshwater sources. It critiques various factors impacting watershed fitness, including land use changes, deforestation, and urbanization. The study conducted here highlights the importance of sustainable forest management practices, such as environment-based techniques and carbon sequestration, in retaining water quality and quantity. Additionally, it discusses the impact of forest composition on watershed health and the subsequent results on soil approaches, water quality, and biodiversity. The paper additionally addresses the challenges and strategies in handling watersheds, considering the socio-economic, environmental, and political aspects. The findings recommend that an incorporated technique regarding community participation, cross-sectorial coverage integration, and advanced management strategies can improve watershed health and make a contribution to global water security.
Advances in CCU Methods: Handling Release of Carbon for the Impact of Climate Change
Authors: Kumar Ashwani , Hassan Muntather M. , Chauhan Shilpi , Lovely James Amala , Thethi H. Pal , Helena Raj Vijilius , Reddy Y. Manohar
Published: May 2024

The escalating atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) due to human pursuit which includes fossil fuel combustion, deforestation, and industrial production make contributions considerably to international warming and climate change. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) and carbon capture and usage (CCU) technology provide viable solutions for mitigating those emissions. This paper critiques various CCS and CCU techniques that specialize of their ability applications, stressful situations, and environmental impacts. While CCS technologies provide promising consequences in decreasing international warming capability, they're associated with better acidification and human toxicity in comparison to standard techniques. Alternatively, CCU technologies present an opportunity to convert CO2 into valuable products, thereby imparting a sustainable approach to greenhouse gas reduction. But, these technology face challenges consisting of high expenses, energy consequences, and the need for social recognition. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of modern CCS and CCU technologies, evaluates their environmental affects, and discusses future prospects for their implementation in reducing industrial CO2 emissions.
Investigation of Enhanced Landfill Liners Using Kuttanad Clay
Authors: V M Aleena , Sabu Abin , M Pradeep Adharsh , M Varghese Ashil , Kumar A N Lt. Abhijith
Published: May 2024

Landfill liners are layers of materials used to protect soil and groundwater from contaminants. A study aims to improve the performance and effectiveness of these liners by using bentonite and fly ash as amending materials. The research aims to contribute to the sustainable waste management practices by offering cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternatives for landfill liner construction. By using locally available materials, the proposed amended liners can reduce dependency on imported materials and minimize the environmental footprint associated with conventional liner systems. The study investigates the synergistic effect of bentonite and fly ash as amending materials for improving the mechanical and hydraulic characteristics of Kuttanad clayey soil. In economic view, to maximize the usage of fly ash, bentonite can be replaced up to 30%. This mix is found to be suitable amended soil liner with a coefficient of permeability value which satisfies the permeability criteria of landfill liner.
Sustainable Abnormal Events Detection and Tracking in Surveillance System
Authors: Khandekar Apurva , Meneni Vikas , Uddin Haseeb , Nikhil Bhusa , Tejeshwar M. , Riad Al-Fatlawy Ramy
Published: May 2024

With the proliferation of surveillance cameras, managing and analyzing vast amounts of video data have become challenging. This paper introduces a sustainable automated approach to detect abnormal events in surveillance footage. Leveraging Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and deep learning techniques, our system identifies unusual activities by analyzing video frames. By automating this process, we reduce the burden of manual monitoring and enable timely responses to security threats. This sustainable solution has broad applications in public safety, security, and crime prevention.
Mechanical energy harvester for sustainable development towards green environment
Authors: Pervez Mohammad Sohail , Nayak Ramesh Chandra , Fidvi Huzaifa , Sahoo Abinash , Kulkarni Mahesh Vasantrao , Ghutke Pratik C. , Bhoi Rabi Narayan
Published: May 2024

We need energy for transportation, homes, and industry. Energy can be obtained from renewable and non-renewable sources. Non renewable energy sources pollute the air, while renewable energy sources are environment-friendly. Electricity generation from non-convective sources is of great benefit to society. Power generation from solar energy, wind, municipal waste, and energy from one form to another are different types of non-conventional power sources. India is the fourth largest renewable energy country in the world. Recently, the Prime Minister of our country announced the development of renewable energy power plants and advised further exploration of the concept of free energy to strengthen renewable energy entrepreneurs. He also announced incentives from the Opportunity Energy Sector and the Free Energy Centre. concept. Currently, many countries are using technology to develop energy. In this study, we developed a model that converts pressure energy into electricity. Pressure energy is generated by the movement of people and vehicles. This pressure energy is converted into electricity through several engineered paths and systems. This study presents details of the designed system and its working principle. The system we developed works with a lever and gear mechanism and offers a new path to the sustainable development of clean energy harvesting. Walking naturally on a path that gathers energy without disturbing the body is the primary reason for the stability of this engineered system.
Deep Learning-Based Semantic Segmentation for Legal Texts: Unveiling Rhetorical Roles in Legal Case Documents
Authors: Mohan Divya , Nair Latha Ravindran
Published: May 2024

The swift rise of digitization in legal documentation has opened doors for artificial intelligence to revolutionize various tasks within the legal domain. Among these tasks is the segmentation of legal documents using rhetorical labels. This process, known as rhetorical role labeling, involves assigning labels (such as Final Judgment, Argument, Fact, etc.) to sentences within a legal case document. This task can be down streamed to various major legal analytics problems such as summarization of legal documents, readability of lengthy case documents, document similarity estimation, etc. The mentioned task of semantic segmentation of documents via labels is challenging as the legal documents are lengthy, unstructured and the labels are subjective in nature. Various previous works on automatic rhetorical role labeling was carried out using methods like conditional random fields with handcrafted features, etc. This research focuses on analyzing case documents from two different legal systems: the High Court of Kerala and the High Court of Justice in the United Kingdom. Through rigorous experimentation with a range of deep learning models, this study highlights the robustness and efficacy of deep learning methods in accurately labeling rhetorical roles within legal texts. Additionally, comprehensive annotation of legal case documents from the UK and analysis of inter-annotator agreement are conducted. The overarching objective of this research is to design systems that facilitate a deeper comprehension of the organizational structure inherent in legal case documents.
Feasibility studies on deepening Pondicherry Port to accommodate larger vessels explored
Authors: S Mohan , Kumaran S Kreesa , D Ragul , N Sudharson
Published: May 2024

A Union territory in India, Pondicherry was a major trading port with the Chinese during the Chola era, having been active since 100 B.C. About 150 km south of Chennai, it was an open roadstead anchorage port. Until the late 1980s, the old port operated as a lighter-age port during French rule, beginning in the 17th century. From 1986 until 1989, the New Port was developed. An offshore (south) breakwater connected to a north breakwater by a bridge makes up the New Port. The channel, which is 2000 meters long and 40 meters broad, was built between 1986 and 1989. It also has a 150-meter container berth. An undersea tunnel has been built between the north and south breakwaters to facilitate maintenance dredging and allow cargo and fishing vessels to pass through without interruption. The port was in use until 2004, when it was shut down for a lack of maintenance dredging. Since 2004, there has been no freight business; only small fishing boats are currently in use. The viability of enhancing Pondicherry Port's current infrastructure to accommodate feeder-class vessels is investigated in this paper.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of various pollution removal mechanisms of indoor air purifiers in removing suspended particles
Authors: Lo Yi-Cheng , Liao Ya-Si , Tseng Chao-Heng
Published: May 2024

This study comprehensively investigated the efficacy of five distinct air purifiers in the removal of both particulate matter and gaseous pollutants. The analysis was conducted within a consistent test environment, employing a standardized benchmark to ensure accurate and comparable results. A rigorous methodology was devised to evaluate the efficiency of each air purification mechanism. The experimental setup involved placing the air purifiers inside a controlled test chamber, carefully designed to replicate typical indoor conditions. The focus of the analysis was on the removal efficiency of PM2.5, and the evaluation utilized the Clean Air Delivery Rate (CADR) values, measured in cubic feet per minute (ft³/min or CFM). Importantly, the study maintained uniform specifications, including unit filter area and unit electrostatic volume, to facilitate a fair and meaningful comparison of the removal efficiency for each purification mechanism. The CADR values served as a quantitative metric to assess the air purifiers’ effectiveness in removing PM2.5 particles. This standardized approach allowed for a direct comparison of their performance under identical conditions. By considering unit filter area and electrostatic volume, the study aimed to provide insights into the relative merits of each mechanism, enabling consumers to make informed decisions based on the specific removal capabilities of the air purifiers. In summary, the research established a robust methodology for evaluating air purifier performance, facilitating a thorough analysis of their effectiveness in removing particulate matter and gaseous pollutants within a controlled environment. The use of CADR values and standardized specifications ensures a reliable basis for comparing the efficiency of different air purification mechanisms.
Improving Machine Learning Based PM2.5 Prediction by Segregating Biomass Emission Factor from Chemical Transport Model
Authors: Sukprasert Supitcha , Shimadera Hikari , Araki Shin , Thongthammachart Tin , Thanasutives Pongpisit , Viet Mui Luong , Matsuo Tomohito , Kondo Akira
Published: May 2024

Located in the heart of Mainland Southeast Asia, Thailand is associated with high biomass burning (BB) activities from local and neighbouring countries. The seasonal pattern of BB manifests itself as a potential predictor for PM2.5 concentration. Consequently, we enhanced machine learning based PM2.5 prediction by segregating BB factor from the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ). Two Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) models with different CMAQ predictors were developed: the BB-integrated model, which incorporated CMAQ-simulated PM2.5 from all emission sources and the BB-segregated model, which incorporated CMAQ-simulated PM2.5 from sources other than BB (CMAQ_PM25_Othr) and CMAQ-simulated PM2.5 from BB emissions (CMAQ_PM25_BB). The two models had shared control predictors, which included simulated meteorological variables from WRF model, population, elevation, and land-use variables, and they were evaluated using a crossvalidation (CV). The BB-segregated model outperformed the BB-integrated model, achieving overall-CV R2 values of 0.86 and 0.82, respectively. The analysis of feature importance for the BB-segregated model indicates that CMAQ_PM25_Othr and CMAQ_PM25_BB are the two most significant predictors. These findings emphasize the importance of considering BB emissions when predicting PM2.5 concentrations, particularly in regions with high BB activities.
Biodegradation of Prazosin by Bacillus sp. Isolated from PPCPs Contaminated River in Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Mohsi Nur Aqilah Farhanah binti , Apandi Atiqqoh binti , Hara Hirofumi , Utsumi Motoo
Published: May 2024

Prazosin (PRZ) is a type of drug used to treat hypertension. It is found to contaminate the aquatic environment, therefore has substantial threats to the ecosystem and human health. PRZ has been found to contaminate rivers in Malaysia which is presumed due to excretion and inappropriate disposal. A tropical bacterium, PR5 has been isolated from a PRZ contaminated site in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It has demonstrated its capabilities to utilize PRZ as a nutrient source and efficiently degrade PRZ. UPLC-TUV is used to measure PRZ concentration during growing cell assay and the results showed that isolate PR5 able to degrade 78% of 0.01 mM PRZ within 7 days of incubation. Species identification based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed isolate PR5 has a 99.66% similarity with Bacillus velezensis. This study reports on the first finding of PRZ biodegradation by Bacillus velezensis.
Marine ecological restoration strategies of coastal nuclear power plants in China
Authors: Lin Guilan
Published: May 2024

Low-carbon and green development model is the choice for responding to climate change. Under the dilemma between ever-growing energy demand and the associated environmental issues, nuclear power is one of the low-carbon and high-efficient energy options which compared to wind power and solar power. It is the only stable power source that can replace fossil energy on a large scale at present and even in the future. This paper briefly describes the operational risks of coastal nuclear power plants (CNPPs) and the upgrade process of nuclear reactors, systematically analyzes and summarizes the ecological environment problems, risk problems and ecological restoration and protection strategies in the construction and operation of CNPPs, including coastal wetland ecological environment, marine ecological environment, and the risk prevention measures for cooling water source. The results show that ecosystem restoration by human does not make up for the weakening of the ecological carrying capacity and ecosystem away from its baseline, nonetheless, the restoration of important wetland habitats is conducive to the improvement of the functions of key marine ecosystems and the maintenance of marine biodiversity.
Design proposal for a ballast treatment system to reduce the invasion of species in the Galapagos
Authors: Townsend Patrick , Sallo María , Suárez Juan Carlos
Published: May 2024

Ballast water is necessary to maintain the stability of the vessels when loading and unloading their merchandise. However, it is also one of the main causes of species invasions in many ports around the world. The Galapagos Islands are no exception to this problem, since according to investigations several non-native species have been found due to ballast transport. Therefore, this project focused on the development of an alternative model for a ballast water treatment system using the chemical method to prevent the invasion of species in the Islands. As a result, two models were obtained. In the first, one NaClO dosing pump is used and in the second, two pumps are used. Each one of them was carried out from the Isla de la Plata ballast system and using RhinoCeros and AutoCAD software. In conclusion, after the modeling of both proposals and the technical analysis of the current ballast system of the vessel, it was determined that they comply with the provisions of the IMO and that they are the basis for the subsequent implementation of the alternatives.
Waste-to-Energy Online Marketplace: Leveraging AI Recommendation Matchmaking for Enhanced Biomass Sourcing in Bioenergy Production
Authors: Borisoot Kanjanapon , Kanarkard Wanida , Wongwuttanasatian Tanakorn , Niltarach Pichai , Suksri Amnart , Tientanopajai Kitt , Soodphakdee Denpong
Published: May 2024

This paper introduces a novel platform of Waste-To-Energy Online Marketplace. The platform maintains a comprehensive catalogue of available biomass resources, detailing types, quantities, and geographical locations. This allows bioenergy facilities to identify and select suitable biomass feedstock based on their specific energy production requirements. Through an intuitive online marketplace, stakeholders can negotiate agreements, ensuring a streamlined and mutually beneficial exchange of biomass feedstock for bioenergy production. The online matchmaker by A.I. recommendation engine platform opens new avenues for biomass suppliers and bioenergy facilities to connect beyond traditional geographical and logistical constraints, fostering a more expansive and interconnected market. Efficient matching ensures that biomass resources are utilised optimally, reducing waste, and maximising bioenergy production. The proposed model seeks to enhance the efficiency of converting sugarcane biomass into bioenergy, leveraging digital and A.I. technologies to match biomass producers with bioenergy facilities, optimising the efficient conversion of biomass resources into renewable energy and fostering a reduction in GHG emissions associated with traditional waste disposal methods. This innovative approach has the potential to revolutionise the biomass supply chain, facilitates competitive pricing and cost-effective transactions, benefitting both biomass suppliers and bioenergy producers, promoting sustainability, efficiency, and collaboration in the journey towards a greener and more resilient energy future.