bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selected Reference Books, 2002–2003
Authors: McIlvaine Eileen
Published: June 2014

This article follows the pattern set by the semiannual series initiated by the late Constance M. Winchell more than sixty years ago and continued by Eugene P. Sheehy. Because the purpose of the list is to present a selection of recent scholarly and general reference works, it does not pretend to be either well balanced or comprehensive. A brief roundup of new editions of standard works is provided at the end of the articles. Code numbers (such as BD111) have been used to refer to titles in the Guide to Reference Books, 11th ed. (Chicago: ALA, 1996).
Improving Collection Development and Reference Services for Interdisciplinary Fields through Analysis of Citation Patterns: An Example Using Tourism Studies
Authors: Dilevko Juris , Dali Keren
Published: June 2014

Analyzing the citation characteristics of the scholarly production of an interdisciplinary field according to the kind of research methodology employed can provide much valuable information that can be used to improve both collection development decisions and reference services. Focusing on tourism studies, this article shows how a detailed breakdown of citations by Library of Congress (LC) classification can help librarians manage the information scatter that is typically associated with interdisciplinary fields. Data about the percentage of cited material from particular LC classes and subclasses that are used in the collective research output of an interdisciplinary field can be helpful in identifying types of material for purchase that otherwise may be overlooked. In addition, by identifying LC classes and subclasses that generate many citations, librarians can closely examine individual citations from these classes to get a detailed sense of how interdisciplinary scholars do their intellectual work, thus allowing them to better understand and anticipate the future information needs of these scholars.
Context and Meaning: The Challenges of Metadata for a Digital Image Library within the University
Authors: Attig John , Copeland Ann , Pelikan Michael
Published: June 2014

To be successful in the university environment, a digital library must be able to integrate content from faculty and students, as well as traditional library sources. It must have a robust metadata structure that can accommodate and preserve a variety of discipline-specific metadata while supporting consistent access across collections. As part of the Mellon-funded project, the Visual Image User Study at Penn State, a prototype centralized digital image delivery service was created and explored. In creating a metadata schema for the project, the authors anticipated both a wide variety of content and users across many disciplines. This schema employed three very different standards (VRA Core Categories, Dublin Core, IMS Learning Objects Meta-data).The project validated the need for highly individualized content, the importance of individual faculty collections, the need for editorial intervention to supplement and modify contributed metadata, and the importance of addressing discipline-specific vocabularies and taxonomies.
Raising the Bar: An Approach to Reviewing and Revising Standards for Professional Achievement for Library Faculty
Authors: Lener Edward F. , Pencek Bruce , Ariew Susan
Published: June 2014

The committee revising the retention, promotion, and continued appointment policy in the Virginia Tech libraries took a broad view of its task in articulating its goal, gathering information from internal and external sources, allocating drafting responsibilities, and winning support. The committee’s work revealed an unexpected need and led to an explicit affirmation of professional obligations of librarians to one another. Thus, adoption of the new policy and the principles it embodied became a lever for changes in the organizational culture.
Toward a New Venture: Building Partnerships with Faculty
Authors: Ducas Ada M. , Michaud-Oystryk Nicole
Published: June 2014

In spring 2000, the authors undertook a study to examine the extent of collaboration between librarians and faculty at the University of Manitoba and to identify the current and future roles of librarians. Two surveys were designed—one directed at faculty, the other at librarians. The current article reports the results of the librarian survey and presents some comparative data between the two surveys. This study demonstrates the extent to which their opinions intersect and examines the quality of the partnership. It measures the impact of the collaboration and describes areas where it could be enhanced and expanded. In addition, the study identifies new roles for librarians that would further enhance the partnership between faculty and librarians.
Selected Reference Books, 2003–20041
Authors: McIlvaine Eileen
Published: June 2014

This article follows the pattern set by the semiannual series initiated by the late Constance M. Winchell more than seventy-five years ago and continued by Eugene P. Sheehy. I have been editor since about 1985 and this will be my last column. Since I am retiring, Sarah Spurgin Witte (spurgin@columbia.edu) will be the next editor, with Mary Cargill responsible for the New Editions and Supplements section.
Because the purpose of the list is to present a selection of recent scholarly and general reference works, it does not pretend to be either well balanced or comprehensive. A brief roundup of new editions of standard works is provided at the end of the articles. Code numbers (such as BD111) have been used to refer to titles in the Guide to Reference Books, 11th ed. (Chicago: ALA, 1996).
Academic Librarians’ Attitudes about Advanced-Subject Degrees
Authors: Mayer Jennifer , Terrill Lori J.
Published: June 2014

Academic librarians have various opinions on the importance of advanced-subject degrees in addition to a master’s in library science (MLS). The authors conducted an online survey to collect opinions from academic librarians on this topic. Arguments in favor of having advanced-subject degrees include development of research skills, credibility, and overall improved job performance. Arguments against it include the fact that the MLS is—and should continue to be—our terminal degree, inadequate salaries, and the validity of developing subject expertise via other means. The need for advanced-subject degrees may vary by many factors, including individual career goals and local institutional culture.
H-Net Book Reviews: Enhancing Scholarly Communication with Technology
Authors: McGrath Eileen L. , Metz Winifred Fordham , Rutledge John B.
Published: June 2014

This article traces the development of the book reviews on H-Net and focuses on features such as length, content, style, timeliness, and format, as well as the aims and expectations of H-Net book review editors. A study was conducted comparing reviews appearing in a print journal with similar reviews published by an H-Net network. The study also examines the academic status of the authors of electronic reviews and compares this to the authors of print reviews. Drawing on findings from the study, as well as interactions with faculty and scholars using the H-Net resource, it is concluded that there are some significant differences between print reviews and e-reviews.
Understanding Information Use in a Multidisciplinary Field: A Local Citation Analysis of Neuroscience Research
Authors: Burright Marian A. , Hahn Trudi Bellardo , Antonisse Margaret J.
Published: June 2014

Assessing the information needs of a multidisciplinary academic community presents challenges to librarians managing journal collections. This case study analyzed the literature used by the neuroscience community at the University of Maryland to determine the following about the publications they cited: their type, their discipline, and how recent they were relative to the citing publication. The authors searched the ISI Science Citation Index and Social Sciences Citation Index to identify the publishing, citing, and coauthoring patterns of both faculty and graduate students to inform library decisions about collecting journals and other types of literature.
What Have We Got to Lose? The Effect of Controlled Vocabulary on Keyword Searching Results
Authors: Gross Tina , Taylor Arlene G.
Published: June 2014

Using controlled vocabulary in the creation and searching of library catalogs has evoked a great deal of debate because it is expensive to provide. Leading to this study were suggestions that because most users seem to search by keyword, subject headings could be removed from catalog records to save space and cost. This study asked, what proportion of records retrieved by a keyword search has a keyword only in a subject heading field and thus would not be retrieved if there were no subject headings? It was found that more than one-third of records retrieved by successful keyword searches would be lost if subject headings were not present, and many individual cases exist in which 80, 90, and even 100 percent of the retrieved records would not be retrieved in the absence of subject headings.
A Theory-guided Approach to Library Services Assessment
Authors: Shi Xi , Levy Sarah
Published: June 2014

This article examines the theoretical models applied to date in library assessment activities. A brief review of the history of library assessment practices and the evolution of their respective approaches is presented. A discussion of the theoretical concepts applied to these assessment activities in library and information science (LIS) as introduced from other fields, such as marketing and management information systems (MIS), follows. The conceptual issues and practical concerns in library assessment are then discussed. Focus is placed on the review of research concepts of service quality, customer/user satisfaction, and their applications in library assessment activities.
The Impact of Gender on Citations: An Analysis of College & Research Libraries, Journal of Academic Librarianship, and Library Quarterly
Authors: Håkanson Malin
Published: June 2014

Three scholarly core journals of library and information science (LIS) were analyzed with respect to gender of article authors and gender of authors cited in these articles. The share of female contributors to these journals has certainly increased during the studied period, 1980–2000. However, the results of the quantitative citation analysis show puzzling differences concerning female and male authors’ citation practice. There may be a gender bias in LIS publishing, even though female authors have become more numerous. Further studies are needed to uncover the influence of other variables, such as subject content of the articles.
Using Citation Checking of Undergraduate Honors Thesis Bibliographies to Evaluate Library Collections
Authors: Leiding Reba
Published: June 2014

This study utilizes citation checking of advanced undergraduate research papers as a method for evaluating library collections at an institution with growing undergraduate and graduate research demands. A random sample of 101 honors thesis bibliographies from the period 1993–2002 was examined for format, discipline, and local availability rates. The proportion of journal citations in relation to books increased slightly over the period, but no other clear trends emerged. The incidence of Web citations began during the period but did not steadily increase. The study highlighted specific use patterns and collection weaknesses. Results serve as a baseline for further study of the library’s undergraduate user population; further citation studies are encouraged to assess continued use of online resources as the Internet and electronic technologies evolve.
Reassessing Prospects for the Open Access Movement
Authors: Schwartz Charles A.
Published: June 2014

Open access may well be a turning point for the scholarly communication system, but not on the basis claimed by its advocates. As opposed to the claim that open access means a less costly system, in reality it entails redundant expenditures and inflationary pressures. The true significance of open access, involving processes of institutional development of the system, has not entered into the public debate. Such processes are chiefly twofold: the adjustment of the open-access movement to the different needs and cultures of the various stakeholder groups, and the advent of a more complex system architecture that facilitates research productivity and scholarly innovation.
A Citation Study of the Characteristics of the Linguistics Literature
Authors: Georgas Helen , Cullars John
Published: June 2014

By analyzing the citation patterns of the linguistics literature, the authors provide a bibliometric description of the discipline that will help librarians who have reference, instruction, or collection development responsibilities in this area understand it better. One important aspect of such an understanding is determining where linguistics classifies within the humanities, the social sciences, and the sciences. Based on several of the citation patterns discovered, namely the importance of recent publications to the field, and the prominence of journals as a primary vehicle of scholarly communication, this analysis concludes that linguistics more closely resembles the disciplines of the social sciences.
Reformatting Preservation Departments: The Effect of Digitization on Workload and Staff
Authors: Kennedy Marie R.
Published: June 2014

This study investigates whether digitization has affected the workload and staffing of preservation departments. Data from a survey of eighteen ARL libraries over five years were used to track the number of reformatting tasks completed and staffing trends in order to determine whether there is an evident effect from digitization. Analysis reveals that the number of items processed by preservation departments has increased by ten percent due to digital-reformatting tasks and without a corresponding increase in staffing. The shape of preservation departments is indeed shifting, and this trend should be followed closely over subsequent years
Use of Circulation Statistics and Interlibrary Loan Data in Collection Management
Authors: Knievel Jennifer E. , Wicht Heather , Connaway Lynn Silipigni
Published: June 2014

The authors analyzed the holdings, circulations, and interlibrary loan (ILL) borrowing requests of the English-language monograph collection at the University of Colorado at Boulder. Data for each area were mapped to conspectus subject areas, using Library of Congress Classifications, and then compared. The resulting data and subject distributions were analyzed by overall holdings, transactions per item, percentage of collection circulated, and a ratio of ILL holdings to requests. The method of analysis used in this study could be fruitfully applied to other research collections to assist with remote storage, preservation, and collection development decisions.
The Fully Electronic Academic Library®
Authors: Stevens Norman D.
Published: June 2014

This description of the planning for the first academic library to contain only electronic resources, and no books and no paper of any kind, is derived from the limitless possibilities of our imagination. The concept of such a library and the dramatic changes it will bring in collections, budgets, staffing, services, and buildings are outlined in detail. Finally a few questions are raised as to whether such a library will best serve the information needs of academic institutions in the twenty-first century.
Database Coverage for Research in Management Information Systems
Authors: Chapman Karen , Brothers Paul
Published: June 2014

This study examines the database coverage of management information systems (MIS) journals and journal articles referenced by MIS researchers. Lists of titles and references were checked for coverage in twelve databases representing a variety of vendors: five multidisciplinary databases, four business databases, and three computer science or applied science databases. The best coverage of MIS journals is found in ABI/INFORM Global and Business Source Premier. The best coverage of articles referenced by MIS scholars is offered by the same two databases, although Business Source Premier offers significantly more full text. Business Source Premier and Web of Science provide the best coverage for any pair of the databases.
Google Scholar and the Library Web Site: The Early Response by ARL Libraries
Authors: Mullen Laura Bowering , Hartman Karen A.
Published: June 2014

With the introduction of Google Scholar in November 2004, research libraries faced the decision of whether to integrate this “blended” resource into their collections and services via their library Web sites. The authors are members of a Web Advisory Committee and present a case study detailing Rutgers University Libraries’ experience with integrating Google Scholar onto the library’s Web site. A descriptive study of all ARL university members’ library Web sites also was undertaken to determine how other academic libraries were treating Google Scholar in July 2005. Did ARL libraries place Google Scholar on alphabetical lists of indexes and databases, subject guides, or in OPACs, for instance? Results from this study are presented and implications of putting Google Scholar on the Web site are discussed for all major user groups.
Allocation of Costs for Electronic Products in Academic Library Consortia
Authors: Anderson Douglas
Published: June 2014

As the prevalence of consortial licenses for electronic products increases, consortia face decisions about how to allocate costs for these products among participating libraries. Although there are a number of possible formulae for this, some are problematic in that they result in inequitable cost allocations in certain circumstances. Several methods for apportioning costs within consortia are discussed, including equal division by institution and proportional division by institutional FTE, as well as a combination of these. Other methods evaluated include proportional distribution of cost savings, a method utilizing bids, and usage-based distributions.
Technical Services Job Ads: Changes Since 1995
Authors: Deeken JoAnne , Thomas Deborah
Published: June 2014

For this project, the researchers studied job ads posted during 2001 in American Libraries, Autocat, The Chronicle of Higher Education, College and Research Libraries News, and SerialsST. This article replicates studies by Penny M. Beile and Megan M. Adams, and Michael Towsey that analyzed job ads from the mid-1990s.1–2 The results from the current study were compared with their results. Findings included a very large increase in the number of jobs advertised, increases in the number of jobs reposted and in salaries, and a decrease in foreign-language requirements.
Usability Testing of a Customizable Library Web Portal
Authors: Brantley Steve , Armstrong Annie , Lewis Krystal M.
Published: June 2014

The popularity of customizable Web sites in libraries has increased librarians’ interest in supplementing user services with portal technology. The open source-software MyLibrary gives the librarian control over the resources directed to users based on their interests. University of Illinois at Chicago librarians developed My Chicago Library as a way to streamline user access to library resources. A usability study designed around common task categories tested the participants’ abilities to customize a personal library Web page, understand the resource categories as defined by librarians, and manage the discipline-specific content available in the portal.
Loosening the Ties that Bind: Academic Librarians and Tenure
Authors: Welch Jeanie M. , Mozenter Frada L.
Published: June 2014

This article discusses the impact of faculty status and tenure on the professional lives of academic librarians. Included are a literature review, a discussion of the decline of tenure at academic institutions, and experiences at three universities. This article also includes the results of a survey that focused on the impact of faculty status and tenure on librarians’ participation in institutional governance, opportunities for professional growth, and presence of a faculty library advisory committee. Based on the results of this survey, the authors conclude that only faculty status and tenure guarantee full integration in the university’s governance and academic spheres.
Faculty Publishing Productivity: Comparisons over Time
Authors: Budd John M.
Published: June 2014

Concerns about higher education abound, and these include concerns about productivity. The present study extends two previous examinations of faculty publishing productivity covering the years 1991 to 1993 and 1995 to 1997. Both members of ARL and a group of institutions included in ACRL’s data set are included. For both groups there are some increases in mean total numbers of publications, although the rate of increase has decreased since the second time period. Per capita rates of publication demonstrate an even flatter pattern. In recent years, there have been some changes in the dynamics of universities’ faculties; there are more part-time faculty and more faculty who are not on the tenure track. These factors, coupled with the publishing data, point to activities that all academic librarians should be aware of.
Organizational Socialization through Employee Orientations at North Carolina State University Libraries
Authors: Ballard Angela , Blessing Laura
Published: June 2014

North Carolina State University Libraries has built a strong employee orientation program based on the belief that early socialization contributes to the success of new employees. Its orientation model includes a focused orientation session, a checklist, and individual meetings with key library faculty and staff. All aspects of the orientation focus heavily on socialization factors such as understanding the Libraries’ mission and values, meeting key people within the organization, and becoming acquainted with other new colleagues. This paper details the Libraries’ orientation approach and the research that supports it.
Constructing Descriptive Records for an Art Image Database: What Do Use Statistics Tell Us?
Authors: Hepburn Peter , Fiscella Joan B.
Published: June 2014

The study compares three sample sets of records taken from the AMICO database to examine possible factors influencing retrieval of images: named artist and artist reputation, word count, and record richness. The authors found that images of works by renowned artists tended to show high numbers of retrievals. When works depicted were by relatively unknown or anonymous artists, more retrievals were likely if accompanying records included higher unique word counts. The frequency of first occurrences of name, geographic, and time terms in the records showed no major differences among the three sets. The authors suggest a strategy for constructing image records.
Print versus Electronic Journal Use in Three Sci/Tech Disciplines: The Cultural Shift in Process
Authors: Brady Eileen E. , McCord Sarah K. , Galbraith Betty
Published: June 2014

This study examines journal use in three scientific disciplines. A previous study found that print use increased after electronic access was added. This article uses the same methods to determine if the increase in the use of the paper has continued. A cultural shift has happened between the two studies. Although the use of paper journals increased with the advent of e-journals, a shift in use patterns has occurred and patrons now favor electronic format. There are disciplinary differences in the use of paper and electronic formats. Most journal titles showing increases in print use also were available in electronic format.
Plagiarism Instruction Online: Assessing Undergraduate Students’ Ability to Avoid Plagiarism
Authors: Jackson Pamela A.
Published: June 2014

This study assesses undergraduate students’ understanding of plagiarism through the use of an interactive, Web-based tutorial, Plagiarism: The Crime of Intellectual Kidnapping. The author details the instructional design process used to create this information literacy resource and integrate it into the curriculum. Data from 2,829 student quiz scores are analyzed to assess student learning. The results of this study indicate that students have difficulty grasping concepts related to paraphrasing. A comparative analysis of pre- and posttest results shows that student scores improved an average of 6 percent.
An Analysis of Online Syllabi for Credit-bearing Library Skills Courses
Authors: Hrycaj Paul L.
Published: June 2014

In an effort to develop some sense of the current state of credit-bearing library skills courses at academic libraries, an analysis was conducted of 100 online syllabi for introductory library skills courses at various colleges and universities. These online syllabi were analyzed for subject content and assessment techniques/teaching methods. The “Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education,” created by the Association of College and Research Libraries, were utilized as a framework for categorizing and placing into context the subject content of the syllabi analyzed.
Information-Seeking Behavior of International Graduate Students vs. American Graduate Students: A User Study at Virginia Tech 2005
Authors: Liao Yan , Finn Mary , Lu Jun
Published: June 2014

This is a comparative study on information needs and information-seeking behavior of international graduate students and American graduate students. This user study is based on empirical data collected from an online survey conducted between April 7 and May 28, 2005, at Virginia Tech. The goal of this comparative study is to investigate how graduate students from diverse ethnic groups discover, select, and use various information sources and to obtain insights into international graduate students’ information-seeking behavior, especially its similarities and differences compared with the information-locating patterns used by their American peers.
Subject Headings in Full-Text Environments: The ECCO Experiment
Authors: Garrett Jeffrey
Published: June 2014

Bibliographic records regularly combine two incommensurable types of description: one that captures the physical and textual facts of a work, the other that seeks to encompass succinctly the work’s intellectual content. This article deals with the second type of bibliographic description: subject headings and their contribution to resource discovery. The article reports on an experiment at Northwestern University Library to add subject headings to online records for the Eighteenth Century Collections Online (ECCO).The author assesses the benefits of this enhancement by using a representative research topic: a search for contemporary material on the East India Company (1600–1873). This article extends arguments recently presented by Gross and Taylor (2005) in two directions: first, by considering the importance of subject headings for access to historical materials; and, second, by examining the value added by subject headings even when the full text of a work is available online.
The ACRL Conferences: A Profile of its Presenters
Authors: Fennewald Joseph
Published: June 2014

This study provides a profile of the authors of contributed papers at the first twelve ACRL conferences. It found that the conference presenters tend to be female academic librarians (administrators, reference librarians, and subject specialists) from Doctoral Research institutions in the Midwest. It also discovered several trends. During its 27-year history, there have been increases in the number of female authors, library school faculty giving papers, and authors from master’s and baccalaureate institutions. In addition, the rate of collaboration has grown. The profile and its related trends were very similar to what has been reported in C&RL authorship studies—with one exception. Women are more likely to appear as conference presenters than journal authors. Further research should explore the role of gender in scholarly communication.
References in Scholarly English and American Literary Journals Thirty Years Later: A Citation Study
Authors: Heinzkill Richard
Published: June 2014

This study examines 20,802 citations in 555 journal articles devoted to criticism of English and American literature published in 2003. Books are cited far more often (75.8%) than journal articles (19.8%). Over half of the monographs cited (55.4%) are less than twenty years old. In general, journal articles published within the past twenty years are the most frequently cited. Literary scholars use a diversity of monographs which fall outside of the core classifications for literature; over 40% are outside. This study is compared to other citation studies of English and American literature. It concludes with observations on the use of the Web, browsing by literary researchers, and English as an interdisciplinary field.
The University Library and the Problem of Knowledge
Authors: Schwartz Charles A.
Published: June 2014

The problem of knowledge, on the broadest level, is that the scope, specialization, and cross-disciplinarity of the research enterprise have long surpassed any overarching framework. The key question, on the campus level, is whether the development of research collections by the library is aligned with the university’s strategic aims and overall institutional development. A straightforward (though uncommon) way to make the university/library relationship more effective in this regard is for the library to have a meaningful role in the academic program review process. This essay describes such a role, singling out the particular situation of some 40 predominately undergraduate institutions that have been reclassified as research-level in the Carnegie scheme. As a rule, when a university’s institutional identity or ambition outstrips its library’s capability, collection development is bound to become a campuswide concern.
Finding Information in a New Landscape: Developing New Service and Staffing Models for Mediated Information Services
Authors: Bracke Marianne Stowell , Brewer Michael , Huff-Eibl Robyn , Lee Daniel R. , Mitchell Robert , Ray Michael
Published: June 2014

In response to changing user behavior and decreased funding, the University of Arizona Library recognized a need to reevaluate how it provided information and referral services. A project team conducted action gap surveys to determine customer satisfaction, logged questions actually asked to establish appropriate staffing needs, and calculated the cost of providing these services. As a result of the data gathered, new service and staffing models were implemented that reduced both the number of service points and reliance on professional staff without a reduction in perceived quality.
How Much Do the “Best” Colleges Spend on Libraries? Using College Rankings to Provide Library Financial Benchmarks
Authors: Jones D. Yvonne
Published: June 2014

Recent ACRL guidelines1 and standards2 urge academic librarians to compare selected input and output measures with peer institutions for assessment. This paper provides an example of such a comparison, using a freely available statistical tool from the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES).3 Applying the NCES data tool to liberal arts colleges chosen by U.S. News and World Report (USN&WR)4 as the “Best Liberal Arts Colleges” provides one strategy for choosing financial benchmarks to target, as well as staffing and output measures for comparison. Using liberal arts colleges ranked in the top third by USN&WR, about $2,000/FTE would be the 2004 reported amount that the “best” colleges spent on library resources.
Project Management Skills: A Literature Review and Content Analysis of Librarian Position Announcements
Authors: Kinkus Jane
Published: June 2014

Project management is pervasive in the literature and practice of many industries, including finance, IT, engineering, and biotechnology. The recent rapid proliferation of complex library services such as virtual reference and digital repositories suggests that the role of librarians is becoming increasingly project-oriented. This article presents an overview of professional project management and a literature review from the library science and management literatures. A content analysis of librarian position announcements was conducted, and indicates that project management skills are in demand for librarians. However, it is unclear whether current library science literature and education adequately address project management skills or other traditionally “extra-librarian” leadership qualities now needed to effectively manage project based initiatives in libraries.
A Strategy for Academic Libraries in the First Quarter of the 21st Century
Authors: Lewis David W.
Published: June 2014

The wide application of digital technologies to scholarly communications has disrupted the model of academic library service that has been in place for the past century. Given the new Internet tools and the explosive growth of digital content available on the Web, it is now not entirely clear what an academic library should be. This article is an attempt to provide a strategy for academic libraries in what is left of the first quarter of the 21st century. There are five components of the model: 1) complete the migration from print to electronic collections; 2) retire legacy print collections; 3) redevelop library space; 4) reposition library and information tools, resources, and expertise; and 5) migrate the focus of collections from purchasing materials to curating content. Each of the components of the strategy and their interactions will be considered. It is hoped that the result will provide a useful roadmap for academic libraries and the campuses they serve.
Undergraduate Use of Federated Searching: A Survey of Preferences and Perceptions of Value-added Functionality
Authors: Belliston C. Jeffrey , Howland Jared L. , Roberts Brian C.
Published: June 2014

Randomly selected undergraduates at Brigham Young University, Brigham Young University-Idaho, and Brigham Young University-Hawaii, all private universities sponsored by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, participated in a study that investigated four questions regarding federated searching: (1) Does it save time? (2) Do undergraduates prefer it? (3) Are undergraduates satisfied with the results they get from it? (4) Does it yield higher-quality results than nonfederated searching? Federated searching was, on average, 11 percent faster than nonfederated searching. Undergraduates rated their satisfaction with the citations gathered by federated searching 17 percent higher than their satisfaction using nonfederated search methods. A majority of undergraduates, 70 percent, preferred federated searching to the alternative. This study could not ultimately determine which of the two search methods yielded higher citation quality. The study does shed light on assumptions about federated searching and will interest librarians in different types of academic institutions, given the diversity of the three institutions studied.
Assessment of Student Learning from Reference Service
Authors: Gremmels Gillian S. , Lehmann Karen Shostrom
Published: June 2014

For at least 20 years, librarians have been evaluating the quality of reference service, and higher education has been grappling with assessment. This two-year study sought to bring together these two strands: (1) to compare the student’s self-report of what was learned in a reference encounter with the librarian’s statement of what was taught; and (2) to test whether students perceived a link to information literacy content that had been taught in class. The study found that students did understand reference as an instructional activity and that they made the desired links about two-thirds of the time, especially when the librarian was teaching the use of tools.
Engaging Users: The Future of Academic Library Web Sites
Authors: Liu Shu
Published: June 2014

This article examines current academic library Web site practices and recommends a conceptual model for future academic library Web site design. The author investigated 111 ARL member library Web sites and has summarized current site content, design patterns, and innovative features. The author discusses the Web 2.0 principles as defined by Tim O'Reilly and reviews the current literature on Web 2.0 implications for library Web services. The author proposes making the academic library Web site a virtual place and recommends a conceptual model to inform future academic library Web site design based on the investigation and the discussion. Future academic library Web sites might feature any of the following: 1) user focus, 2) personalization, 3) user engagement, 4) online communities, and 5) remixability.
Research Productivity Among Librarians: Factors Leading to Publications at Penn State
Authors: Fennewald Joseph
Published: June 2014

Librarians at the Pennsylvania State University are consistently among the most published in academic library journals. This study explored the factors contributing to research productivity among a cross section of Penn State librarians. Personal motivation, intellectual curiosity, and education were important factors in practice-, institutional-, and discipline-based research among the 38 librarians surveyed here. However, being part of an institution, where everyone is expected to participate in research, may be the most critical factor.
Better Than Brief Tests: Coverage Power Tests of Collection Strength
Authors: White Howard D.
Published: June 2014

Improving on ideas developed in Brief Tests of Collection Strength, this paper presents coverage power tests, an empirical method for evaluating collections in all types of libraries by means of ranked holdings counts from OCLC's WorldCat. The new method measures library coverage of subject literatures across levels of the WLN or RLG collection intensity scales that are increasingly difficult to attain. It defines literatures and collections unambiguously, permits objective comparisons of libraries, and is potentially automatable. Results of 38 tests in nine subjects at 30 libraries have high face validity in rating collections. Graphical analysis with the new method also clarifies the bibliometric relation between individual collections and subject literatures.
Every Library’s Nightmare? Digital Rights Management, Use Restrictions, and Licensed Scholarly Digital Resources
Authors: Eschenfelder Kristin R.
Published: June 2014

This study explored use restrictions found in licensed scholarly resources from the fields of history/art history, engineering, and health sciences. The analysis developed a framework of use restrictions that distinguishes between soft restrictions—which discourage use—and hard restrictions—which strictly prevent use. Soft restrictions include: extent of use, obfuscation, omission, amalgamation, frustration, and warning. The study concludes that these soft restrictions are relatively common in licensed scholarly resources. Further, while hard restrictions are less common, they are not unknown. The study questions whether librarians should be doing more to challenge use restrictions.
Adjusting to the Workplace: Transitions Faced by New Academic Librarians
Authors: Oud Joanne
Published: June 2014

This article discusses the experiences of new academic librarians as they adjust to the workplace. In the process of organizational socialization, new employees face surprises and differences from their pre-existing expectations about the job. A survey of new librarians at Canadian university libraries was done to discover what these surprises were so that more effective training and orientation programs can be developed. Findings included several areas of high and low pre-existing knowledge and difference from expectation, including job skills and organizational culture. Implications for developing training programs are discussed.
Transition to Electronic Resources in Undergraduate Social Science Research: A Study of Honors Theses Bibliographies, 1999–2005
Authors: Kriebel Leslie , Lapham Leslie
Published: June 2014

This citation analysis assesses use of print and electronic resources in advanced undergraduate research at Wellesley College. Using four years of social science honors theses bibliographies, the proportionate use of electronic versus print sources is determined. Consistent discipline-based patterns in resource use are identified to inform future instruction and digital collections policies. Findings reveal: (1) an explosion in use of nonperiodical, nonbook Web sources; (2) a rapid decline in the use of print journals; and (3) a persistent lack of use of e-books. The authors argue that greater emphasis on starting research with scholarly indexes and bibliographies is a fruitful corrective to recent overdependence on random Web searching and will also better ground students in solid research practices as transitions in the scholarly publishing world continue.
Cognitive Growth, Instruction, and Student Success
Authors: Budd John M.
Published: June 2014

As Diane Zabel points out, the literature on information literacy is voluminous.1 Amidst the challenges of volume and multiple points of view, there are some astute observations, innovative approaches, and critical assessment. Of necessity, the works referred to here do not represent the expanse or the diversity of thought on information literacy, but they will offer a substantive grounding for the present study. A seemingly logical place to begin is the standards on information literacy propounded by the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL).2 These standards address the importance of identifying an information need, the skill required to use structured resources, and the critical acumen necessary to the evaluation of retrieved information. We can probably stipulate for the time being that the content of the standards is necessary, but is it sufficient? That is, are the standards and the accompanying performance indicators exhaustive with regard to the goals of an instruction program? The answer suggested here is no; there are some essential factors that are not included in the standards and that may even be at odds with some specific points articulated by ACRL. What will be presented here is an alternative conceptual framework that can be called “phenomenological cognitive action.” The framework and its name are original to this work, although some particular ideas are borrowed from a variety of philosophers and cognitive scientists. The framework is examined within the context of a newly created course, offered in the fall semester 2006 at the University of Missouri-Columbia. Since much of the course includes aspects that follow from the intent of the ACRL Standards (the necessary elements), the focus here will be on those elements that illustrate the framework.
The Effects of Portfolio Purchasing on Scientific Subject Collections
Authors: Murphy Sarah Anne
Published: June 2014

A citation analysis was conducted to understand how the purchase of journal portfolios supports the research of faculty in the life, medical, physical and applied sciences and influences collections at The Ohio State University. Of the 253,604 citations from 6,815 articles reviewed, faculty cited 2,407 journal titles ten or more times. Results indicated that less than 50 percent of the titles listed for faculty in the Colleges of Dentistry, Nursing, Pharmacy, and Veterinary Medicine were acquired through a portfolio. A discussion questioning the value of the portfolio purchase follows, with the author concluding that journal portfolios are contributing to the normalization of library collections.
Citation Characteristics and Intellectual Acceptance of Scholarly Monographs
Authors: Tang Rong
Published: June 2014

The present study investigates citations to 750 randomly selected scholarly monographs in disciplines of religion, history, psychology, economics, mathematics, and physics. The objective of the study is to understand distributions of citations to scholarly monographs in various disciplines, to explore disciplinary difference in the citing of books, and to compare citations to monographs with previous results on citations to journal articles. The data revealed interesting citation patterns and aging effects that are in several aspects different from citation data based on the journal literature. While the distribution trend of monographic uncitedness is similar to that of journals across the disciplines, the noncitation ratios are much lower than what has been reported about journal citations. Half-life measures of scientific monographs are greater than those in the humanities and social sciences; this contradicts previous findings. Citation frequency and Price's Index vary from discipline to discipline, and the most significant linear contract occurred between disciplines of religion, history, and economics as one group and psychology, mathematics, and physics as another. When using periods of intellectual acceptance as the unit of analysis, significant disciplinary differences emerged both in terms of citation frequency and the number of books cited. Significant differences also appeared between earlier periods of intellectual acceptance that are within the first 10 years following the original publication year and longer ages of survival that are beyond 10 years.
Analysis of Citations in Undergraduate Papers
Authors: Knight-Davis Stacey , Sung Jan S.
Published: June 2014

This paper presents the findings of a citation analysis of papers written by undergraduate students. The analysis included the types of materials cited, number of citations per paper, publication year, online availability, and refereed status of materials cited. Library ownership of materials was also analyzed. Number of citations in each paper increased over the first three papers, as did the number of refereed journals cited. There was also a positive correlation between the number of citations in the paper and the word count of the paper.
The Interdisciplinary Influence of Library and Information Science 1996–2004: A Journal-to-Journal Citation Analysis
Authors: Odell Jere , Gabbard Ralph
Published: June 2014

Using citation data from Journal Citation Reports (JCR) 1996–2004, this research replicates Meyer and Spencer's analysis of other-field citations to Library and Information Science (LIS) journals from 1972 to 1994. After 1994, JCR added LIS journals emphasizing empirical, information science research and simultaneously dropped journals addressing the profession of librarianship. The newly added journals attract a broader interdisciplinary readership—a readership reflected in a 14 percent increase in other-field citations of the LIS journals. The LIS journals included in both this and the Meyer and Spencer research, a list dominated by titles frequently read and cited by others in the LIS discipline, have not received an equal increase in other-field citations.
Academic Librarians and Research: A Study of Canadian Library Administrator Perspectives
Authors: Berg Selinda Adelle , Jacobs Heidi LM , Cornwall Dayna
Published: June 2014

Within the literature exploring the role of research in academic librarianship, very little attention has been paid to the perspectives of upper library administrators. This perspective is critical because library administrators play a key role in hiring, evaluating, supporting, promoting, and tenuring professional librarians. As a way of bringing the administrative perspective to these discussions, our study examines how library administrators within the Canadian Association of Research Libraries (CARL) view the role of research in their own libraries and within academic librarianship, as well as how they perceive the current and future climate for librarians’ research. Our study reveals key areas in need of further research and identifies several issues that librarians and upper administrators would benefit from exploring together to advance discussions about research.