bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the Weighting Values of Community Aging-Friendly Construction Indexes With Different Expert Groups
Authors: Mei Wen-Bing , Li Kun , Huang Yi-Zhe
Published: April 2023

The construction of weight values for the indicators of community aging-friendly construction is helpful to guide the formulation of strategies for allocating elderly resources in community aging-friendly constructions, and to reflect the shortcomings of community aging-friendly constructions and propose improvement strategies when evaluating the effectiveness of the existing community aging-friendly constructions. The paper uses the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) to calculate the weighting values of each indicator, consulting the government, industry, and academic experts. The research results show that the weighting-value order is “public environment ( W = 0.364),” “health care ( W = 0.342),” “humanistic care ( W = 0.204)” and “social economy ( W = 0.090).” Accordingly, the article proposes specific suggestions to improve the effectiveness of community aging-friendly constructions, including the need to find consensus among all parties involved in the aging industry, the need to focus on improving the public environment of the community, and the need to improve the socio-economic policies as soon as possible.
A Typology of Australian Animal Sentience Recognition Provisions — Enacted and Proposed
Authors: Kotzmann Jane
Published: April 2023

Australia appears to be following the trend in mainly Western countries of recognising animal sentience in the law. This article sets out a typology of animal sentience recognition provisions that have been enacted, or have been proposed, in Australian jurisdictions to date. These include provisions or proposed provisions located in statutory objects, statutory principles, statutory definitions and a treaty. Depending on legislative context, these provisions, and proposed provisions (if enacted), may have different legal consequences. The trend towards legally recognising animal sentience may also signal further positive legal reforms for animals in the future.
Teaching the Abstract: An Evaluation of “Social Structure” in Introductory Textbooks
Authors: Krieg Andrea
Published: April 2023

There is general agreement among sociologists that teaching social structure is a core component of a sociological curriculum. Despite this agreement, there are few guides for instructors on how to teach this key concept. Using the sociological literacy framework, this research examines the most popular undergraduate Introduction to Sociology textbooks and their supplemental resources. Most texts offer a basic definition, but beyond that, there were few additional resources for helping to clarify the concept. With this in mind, additional resources for supplementing the textbooks are offered.
Neoliberal imperialism
Authors: Cornelissen Lars
Published: April 2023

This essay approaches the neoliberal tradition of thought through the lens of liberal imperialism. Seeking to bring scholarship on the history of neoliberal ideas together with research on liberal defences of empire, I show that the neoliberal tradition of thought contains a number of formal, explicit, and systematic defences of (European) colonialism. In the first section of the essay, I contextualise neoliberal imperialism by showing that many prominent early neoliberals had close ties to the British Colonial Office. I then offer a close reading of two highly influential instances of the neoliberal defence of empire. The first was articulated between the 1930s and 1940s by Herbert Frankel, who saw colonisation as a form of civilisational improvement that places a heavy ethical and political burden on the coloniser. The second was articulated by Lewis Gann and Peter Duignan between the 1960s and 1970s. In contrast to Frankel’s civilisational justification of colonialism, Gann and Duignan articulated a more dispassionate cost-benefit argument, claiming that colonialism’s advantages outweigh its disadvantages. The article concludes by reflecting on the implications of this shift from a civilisational to a consequentialist frame both for the neoliberal tradition and for liberal imperialist discourse at large.
Scope assignment in Quantifier-Negation sentences in Tibetan as a heritage language in China
Authors: Chen Yunchuan , Huan Tingting
Published: April 2023

Quantifier-Negation sentences allow an inverse scope reading in Tibetan but not in Chinese. This difference can be attributed to the underlying syntactic difference: the negation word can be raised at Logical Form in Tibetan but not in Chinese. This study investigated whether Chinese-dominant Tibetan heritage speakers know such difference. We conducted a sentence–picture matching truth value judgment task with 28 Chinese-dominant Tibetan heritage speakers, 25 baseline Tibetan speakers and 31 baseline Chinese speakers. Our baseline data first confirmed the difference between Tibetan and Chinese: the inverse scope reading is allowed in Tibetan but prohibited in Chinese. Our heritage participants’ data showed a divergence: one group of heritage speakers allow the inverse scope reading in both Tibetan and Chinese while another group prohibit it in both languages. There is a third group of heritage speakers who are aware of the difference between Tibetan and Chinese. Our findings suggest that while it is possible for heritage speakers to attain nativelike knowledge of an interface phenomenon that differs in their two languages, they may also be subject to crosslinguistic influence and adopt one of two opposite strategies. Both strategies can minimize syntactic differences between their two grammars so an economy of syntactic representations in their repository of grammars can be achieved.
Soluble ST2 predicts continuous renal replacement therapy in patients receiving venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Shao Chengcheng , Cao Yu , Wang Zengtao , Wang Xiaomeng , Li Chenglong , Hao Xing , Wang Liangshan , Du Zhongtao , Yang Feng , Jiang Chunjing , Wang Hong , Hao Yu , Han Junyan , Hou Xiaotong
Published: April 2023

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between plasma soluble ST2 (sST2) levels 24 h after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) initiation and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in patients receiving venoarterial ECMO (V-A ECMO) support.

Methods and Results

Data of patients who received ECMO support for postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock between January 2017 and July 2019 were retrospectively collected from Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University. Ultimately, 116 patients were included in the present study for analysis. The concentration of sST2 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The log10 sST2 levels were higher in patients undergoing CRRT than those who did not (6.06 vs. 6.22, p = 0.019). Patients undergoing CRRT had a lower survival rate than those who did not (32.8% vs. 67.3%, p < 0.001). In the univariate logistic regression analysis, sST2, HCO3-, lactate, and creatinine levels 24 h after ECMO initiation were related to CRRT ( p < 0.05). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, HCO3- and sST2 were identified as independent risk factors for CRRT use in patients undergoing ECMO ( p < 0.05). The area under receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) for sST2 and HCO3- together was 0.72 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.79–0.91), which was better than those of sST2 or HCO3- alone (0.63 vs. 0.67).

Conclusions

sST2 and HCO3−levels at 24 h after ECMO initiation were associated with CRRT and could predict CRRT use in postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock patients undergoing ECMO.
Predicting the yield surface in a two-dimensional stress system: A student's laboratory experiment
Authors: Muscat Martin , Mollicone Pierluigi
Published: April 2023

This paper is concerned with the determination of the yield surface in a two-dimensional stress field within an undergraduate Mechanics of Materials student laboratory experiment. In this experiment, the two-dimensional stress field is obtained by subjecting a steel specimen to a combined bending and torsion load. The motivation for the paper was the lack of correlation between the von Mises and Tresca yield criteria and the principal stresses calculated at the load at which students were predicting material yielding. The latter yield loci were based on the uniaxial 0.2% proof stress. The lack of correlation was creating a lot of frustration amongst students. This is undesirable, especially within an undergraduate student experiment. Two hypotheses for the lack of agreement were considered. The first hypothesis was the uncertainty involved in the method that the students were using to predict the onset of material yielding. The second hypothesis was that the specimens being used for the experiment had anisotropic properties, given that little information on their manufacture was provided. The need for determining accurate yield stress values and on methodologies found in literature that are used to determine the material proof stress or lower yield stress in a uniaxial tensile test are discussed. Four methods taken from literature are used and adapted to detect the first yield of the specimen under a combined bending and torsional load. The resulting experimentally yield loci are compared with the theoretical von Mises and Tresca isotropic yield loci over half of the second quadrant of the two-dimensional principal stress field plot. Correlation between the four methods was quite good but not so when compared with the von Mises and Tresca’ loci. A lack of correlation occurred for an increasing torsional load indicating a possible anisotropy in the material properties. These results hinted towards the second hypothesis. A number of tensile test specimens were hence heat treated so as to induce isotropy in the material properties. The combined loading experiments were repeated using the heat-treated samples. A very good correlation was obtained between the experimental yield points for the two-dimensional stress field and the von Mises and Tresca yield loci. This good correlation for the heat-treated specimens confirmed the authors’ second hypothesis on the anisotropic properties in the as-received state and, therefore, the requirement to heat treat the specimens for a meaningful student undergraduate laboratory activity.
Patient and public involvement in research published in the British Journal of Occupational Therapy 2015–2021: A scoping review
Authors: Williamson Ruth , Atkin Helen , Wood Oliver , Thomson Louise , Whitehead Phillip
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

The British Journal of Occupational Therapy ( BJOT) recently introduced a requirement for authors to report Patient and Public Involvement (PPI). The public and people using health and social care services have knowledge which holds value in research beyond use as data. Involvement in research process can help shape the generation of critical evidence informing policies and practices; however, little is known about prior PPI reporting.

Method:

A scoping review was conducted identifying public involvement in research published in BJOT between 2015 and 2021. An electronic search was conducted using key terms. Data were extracted in duplicate or triplicate using GRIPP2 short form checklist.

Results:

Twenty-five studies were identified which reported public involvement, this was 6% of research published in BJOT. Patients and public were mainly involved in study steering or advisory groups and their primary activity was developing or piloting study materials. There were low levels of reporting the aim, outcome and critical reflections on involvement activities. Main approaches to involvement were consultation (37%) and collaboration (30%). There was inconsistent use of language and terms.

Recommendations:

Consistent PPI reporting using Guidance for Reporting Involvement of Patients and the Public (GRIPP 2), critical reflection of impact of PPI, acknowledgement of public contributors, future scoping review investigating impact of BJOT PPI authorship guidelines.
Aging Population and Automated Mobility: Exploring the Impacts of Land Use Patterns and Attitudes
Authors: Sarker Md Al Adib , Asgari Hamidreza , Jin Xia
Published: April 2023

This study explores the aging population’s behavior toward the adoption of and willingness to pay (WTP) for autonomous vehicles (AVs), with a focus on the roles of attitudes and land use variables. A structural equation model with interaction effects was developed to explore the impacts of socioeconomic and demographic attributes, mobility profiles, attitudes collected through a user behavior survey, and land use variables extracted from the Smart Location database. Among different structures tested, a direct causal effect from adoption to WTP shows the best model fit, implying that any parameter affecting the adoption will indirectly affect WTP in the same direction. Focusing on the older population, the model results show that they were positively affected by their interest in driving assistance and safety features. Older adults also seemed to be more sensitive to mobility costs compared with younger travelers. We further explored the impact of land use characteristics. In general, it appears that living in areas associated with higher population density and higher centrality index (based on auto accessibility) tends to lower AV adoption rates. Comparing the older population with younger people, no significant difference was observed in view of land use impacts on AV adoption. However, the older population’s WTP tends to increase in urban areas with higher roadway network densities (e.g., urban areas) and is likely to decrease in neighborhoods with higher employment density and higher percentage of single-vehicle households. We suggest that the latter effect might be associated with other micro-level attributes such as their income and lifestyle patterns.
How to Promote Gerotranscendence in Older Adults? A Scoping Review of Interventions
Authors: Abreu Taiane , Araújo Lia , Ribeiro Oscar
Published: April 2023

Gerotranscendence is a psychosocial theory that proposes older adults experience a mindset shift in multiple dimensions (cosmic, coherence, solitude), associated with different constructs, such as life satisfaction and well-being. Increasing studies are employing gerotranscendence, but the practical aspects of how gerotranscendence can be developed are still underexplored. This review involved an assessment of the size and scope of the existing literature on interventions related to gerotranscendence and their effect on participants’ well-being. Six databases were searched, and eight studies were selected: five were observational, while three were randomized control trials. Findings showed that gerotranscendence can be developed through weekly thematic encounters. Moreover, the interventions examined in the selected studies were described as having positively impacted participants’ mental health and life satisfaction. Future studies should explore gerotranscendence interventions using a rigorous methodology and long-term follow-up data to add consistency to these findings.
Mapping and visualizing of research output on waste management and green technology: A bibliometric review of literature
Authors: Khan Syed Abdul Rehman , Tabish Muhammad , Yu Zhang
Published: April 2023

The transition to a circular economy (CE) and environmental protection highly depends on waste management (WM) and green technology (GT). The purpose of this study is to examine the past two decades of WM and GT research to identify the most significant advancements and potential future research areas. Bibliometrics content analysis and text mining were utilized to resolve the subsequent issues: Has WM and GT research developed over time in the CE industry? Does WM and GT research have a clearly defined purpose? How do you foresee the future of WM and GT research in the context of CE evolving? Consequently, 1149 journal articles from the Scopus database were used to create and evaluate bibliometric networks. Therefore, five significant CE-related issues requiring additional research were identified: The first category is bio-based WM, followed by CE transition, GT, ecological impacts, municipal solid WM and lifecycle assessment, and finally, bio-based WM. Future research topics and a tool for the CE transition may be impacted by the investigation of inclusive WM systems, GT practices and their defining highlight patterns (which aim to minimalize waste generation). Future research goals include reducing waste and implementing WM into the CE framework.
Employing impedance spectroscopy to investigate electrical conduction mechanism in polymer composite blends containing conductive masterbatch: PP/EVA/ (PP-g-MA/MWCNTS)
Authors: Dadashi Parsa , Hashemi Motlagh Ghodratollah
Published: April 2023

Impedance spectroscopy analysis has been employed to investigate the effect of melt mixing time on electrical conduction mechanism, direct contact or electron tunneling, of a polymer blend using a conductive masterbatch. A novel approach is proposed to correlate the dispersion/distribution states of conductive nanoparticles within the phases, achieved through kinetic control of the conductive masterbatch, and their impedance properties. A blend of polypropylene and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (PP/EVA) was considered as a case study for the matrix. An electrically conductive masterbatch of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in polypropylene-grafted-maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) was added to the blend. The masterbatch in varying amounts was mixed with PP/EVA in a range of 1 min–4.5 min. The co-continuous morphology of the ternary polymer blend was validated via scanning electron microscopy micrographs. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) results showed that as the mixing time of the masterbatch increases the interconnected structures within the conductive interphase decrease. Impedance spectroscopy using alternating current was employed to probe the conduction mechanism in the composite blends. The impedance spectroscopy results revealed that for samples with low mixing time, a dielectric relaxation peak occurs at high frequencies due to the existence of more conductive pathways as a consequence of the interconnected structures of the masterbatch phase. Also, the major contribution of conductance was direct contact in the samples with low mixing times while electron tunneling mechanism was considerable for the samples with high mixing times. Dielectric constant was increased as a result of interfacial polarization boosting with mixing time. The percolation threshold was considerably decreased from 0.95 v% for simultaneous direct mixing method to 0.16 v% for the masterbatch method.
“There Was Nothing Here”: School Leaders Using Dual Language Bilingual Education Programs as a Formula to Re-Engineer Student Populations for School Turnaround
Authors: Menken Kate , Espinet Ivana , Avni Sharon
Published: April 2023

New York City offers an example of the national trend to expand dual language bilingual education (DLBE) programs, yet only a small proportion of multilingual learners are enrolled in these programs in city schools. Our examination of new DLBE programs in three city schools builds on research about the “gentrification” of DLBE. Specifically, our findings show how school leaders opened DLBE programs to re-engineer the demographics of their student population by enrolling more White, privileged students in the name of “school turnaround”—namely, to increase enrollment and popularity in a school choice context and improve performance on accountability measures.
Surgical Treatment of Facial Abscesses and Jaw Osteomyelitis of Dental Origin Using Extraoral Tooth Extraction in the Domestic Rabbit: A Case Series
Authors: Girard Nicolas
Published: April 2023

The treatment of facial abscesses of dental origin is difficult as jaw osteomyelitis in rabbits is mainly associated with a thick caseous pus that is particularly difficult to drain. Precise identification of the teeth involved in the infected site with the use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was expected to ensure a favorable surgical treatment plan without a long-term local antibiotic strategy or local marsupialization. The first part of the study compared multi-planar reconstruction (MPR) and 3D reconstruction complemented by a maximum intensity projection filter (MIP). The surgical part of the study included rabbits with documentation of the treatment outcome for a period greater than one month after surgery and having had at least one post-operative CBCT demonstrating the achievement of surgical extraction. MPR is significantly more efficient than MIP techniques for alveolar bone ( P  < 10−7), spongious bone ( P  < 10−10) and apical elongation ( P  < 10−5) parameters. Nineteen of 20 surgical sites gave radiological confirmation of the success of the surgical plan. Eighteen of 20 of the abscess sites were clinically healed within one month. Seven out of 20 of the abscess sites presented evidence of one dental structure regrowth following the CBCT recheck. Two out of these seven cases presented with a concomitant persistent chronic facial fistula. Both cases healed after second-stage surgery to extract the tooth structure. The mean number of teeth extracted was 2.85, and seven of the 20 procedures included one incisor.
Divergent democracy: Notes on a mediatised affective activism renewal of feminist and anti-fascist struggle in contemporary Greece
Authors: Christou Anastasia
Published: April 2023

While the shackles of austerity continue to shatter the remnants of once dignified, and now, mostly dehumanising lives, for most Greeks who have suffered decades long of economic and social crises, the rapid rise of the far right and its incipient racist and xenophobic discourse has had a profound impact on the country. This paper attempts a twofold objective: on the one hand to contribute to the global feminist dialogue by making visible and vocal the case of Greece, and, on the other to advance a plea for a current consciousness raising era in Greece as regards particularly contemporary youth who can transform instances of despair into action and social change by adopting feminist principles in their everyday lives. I draw on the representational politics of far-right fascist discourse and individual behaviour articulated and depicted in contemporary Greek films, and its gendered and xenophobic normalisers, to contextualise an interdisciplinary feminist analysis of such phenomena in contemporary Greece.
Dynamic scheduling for dual-objective job shop with machine breakdown by reinforcement learning
Authors: Gan Xuemei , Zuo Ying , Yang Guanci , Zhang Ansi , Tao Fei
Published: April 2023

In modern complicated and changing manufacturing environments, unforeseen dynamic events such as machine breakdown or unexpected job arrival make required production resources unpredictable. The scheduling scheme is desired to maintain high stability in dynamic manufacturing environments. To cope with the classic disturbance of machine breakdown, a robust pro-active scheduling scheme is proposed by inserting the repair time into a disjunctive graph for reinforcement learning (IRDRL) in this paper. Firstly, a new mathematical model is developed to predict the machine fault which is assumed to be determined by service time and bearing load. Secondly, a disjunctive graph with breakdown information is designed to express the dynamic scheduling status. Then, an online scheduling framework is built based on the well-trained model through the proximal policy optimization (PPO) algorithm. Finally, compared with the classical methods such as the right-shift strategy and static model of reinforcement learning (RL), the proposed robust pro-active scheduling scheme is verified with high robustness, stability, and short running time.
LGBTQ Consumers’ Engagement and Attitudes Toward Online Brand Communities within the Cosmetics Industry
Authors: Coetzee Cassius , de Villiers Marike Venter , Chuchu Tinashe
Published: April 2023

As the LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer) lifestyle has gained increased acceptance among mainstream consumer groups, companies are recognising the need to tailor their marketing strategies to align with this consumer segment. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of consumer innovativeness and personal identity on gay consumers’ online engagement and attitude toward cosmetic brands. By means of an empirical analysis, a quantitative method was used, and 494 online surveys were distributed among members of the LGBTQ community in South Africa to gain insight into their online buying behaviour for cosmetic brands. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 27 and AMOS 27 software for the descriptive and inferential statistics, respectively. The key findings indicated that all five hypotheses were supported. In other words, consumer innovativeness has a significant influence on personal identity, brand attitude and online engagement, while personal identity significantly influences both online engagement and brand attitude. Consumer innovativeness and personal identity are therefore strong predictors of online brand engagement and attitude towards cosmetic brands among LGBTQ consumers. Implications from the research were presented while further research opportunities were explored.
The Burden of Pathological Neonatal Jaundice and Its Determinants in Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tsehay Binalfew , Afework Mekbeb
Published: April 2023

Background

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a common clinical problem encountered during the neonatal period, especially in the first week of life. Available clinical guidelines note that early detection and intervention of infants at risk of severe hyperbilirubinemia can facilitate timely and effective prevention of the associated complications.

Methods

The international databases, PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library, and unpublished reports were systematically searched. Two authors independently extracted all necessary data using a standardized data extraction format. STATA 14 statistical software was employed to analyze the data. The Cochrane Q test statistics and I2 tests were used to assess the heterogeneity between the studies. A random-effect model was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence of pathological neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Ethiopia. Determinants of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were analyzed.

Results

Ten studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The I2 test result showed high heterogeneity (I2, 98.3%, P = <.001). Using the random effect analysis, the pooled prevalence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Ethiopia was 35.90% (95% confidence interval [CI] [23.79, 48.01]). The results from these studies revealed that the occurrence of pathological neonatal hyperbilirubinemia was significantly associated with the presence of ABO blood incompatibility, Rh isoimmunization, neonatal sepsis (odds ratio [OR]: 4.44; CI: 1.72,11.46), birth asphyxia (OR:1.74; CI: 1.08,2.80), low birth weight (OR: 2.22; CI: 1.46,3.31), and prolonged labor (OR: 3.24; CI: 1.05,10.0).

Conclusion

The burden of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is higher in our country as compared with others. ABO blood incompatibility, Rh isoimmunization, neonatal sepsis, birth asphyxia, low birth weight, and prolonged labor were significantly associated with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
Response to Commentaries on “From the War on Terror to the Moral Crusade Against Female Genital Mutilation: Anti-Muslim Racism and Femonationalism in the United States”
Authors: Bader Dina
Published: April 2023

The author responds to three commentaries on her essay “From the War on Terror to the Moral Crusade Against Female Genital Mutilation: Anti-Muslim Racism and Femonationalism in the United States,” published in this symposium. The response addresses three main arguments, namely, the need for a specific ban on female genital mutilation (FGM), the multiplicity of actors involved in the anti-FGM movement, and the problematic way in which words and numbers are used in the public sphere to depict FGM. The author concludes with a call to decolonize the anti-FGM debate and to reflect critically on the political context in which anti-FGM legislation takes place.
Successful Treatment of Post-COVID-19 ADHD-like Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Victor Marcelo Moraes , Müller Haas Letícia , Grevet Eugenio Horácio , Rohde Luís Augusto
Published: April 2023

Despite inattention being one of the most common symptoms of Post-COVID-19 Syndrome (PCS), there is a gap in the literature regarding its treatment. This report presents a case of attentional symptoms and fatigue that emerged after the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The symptoms were similar to ADHD in adults, although the 61-year-old patient had never experienced inattention symptoms before. The patient was initially treated with Methylphenidate and then Lisdexamfetamine. Both were adapted to the needs and treatment response presented by the patient. After several changes in the therapeutic regimen, including the addition of Bupropion, the patient achieved remission of his symptoms. This case highlights the importance of treating PCS inattention and fatigue as an ADHD-like syndrome, despite the evident different etiology of symptoms. It would be necessary to replicate these findings to confirm our results, thus benefiting other patients currently affected by this syndrome.
Unions, Occupational Career Change, and Gender Inequality: Using Current Population Survey Panel Data to Assess Police Wage Change
Authors: Luo Xiaoshuang Iris , Schleifer Cyrus
Published: April 2023

A large body of literature describes the occupational gender wage gap at the national labor market level as well as in specific occupations. Yet, among those studies of within-occupational inequality, few have focused on how occupational career change affects gender wage inequality. With an increasing number of female workers entering into the police labor force as well as the high turnover rate in the police sector, it is important to explore wage changes in this highly unionized and hyper-masculine occupation. Using two-wave panel data from the Current Population Survey Merged Outgoing Rotation Group (CPS-MORG) from 1979 to 2016, this study examines how change in occupational career along with change in union membership may lead to different wage rewards or penalties for police men and police women. Our findings reveal that individuals experience a large increase in wages when joining the police occupation, and this wage bonus is greater for women than for men. Furthermore, individuals joining the police as well as a union see a wage bonus, but wage loss when leaving the police and a union. Overall, police men have a larger wage loss than police women when leaving the police force and losing union membership. Policy implications of these findings are discussed.
The influence of vibration amplitude on AA7075-T6 corrosion resistance improvement during ultrasonic-assisted burnishing
Authors: Sayadi Daniyal , Bagheri Mohammad , Khosrojerdi Mohammadreza , Khajehzadeh Mohsen , Razfar Mohammad Reza
Published: April 2023

Corrosion resistance of materials is predominately dependent on their surface roughness. Therefore, surface finishing techniques can effectively improve the corrosion resistance of the components. Ultrasonic-assisted burnishing (UAB) process is a newly developed surface finishing technique capable of flattening the surface of components without material removal. This research experimentally investigated the effects of amplitude in the UAB process on surface roughness and corrosion performance of AA7075-T6 aluminum alloys. Turned sample (control) was treated by conventional burnishing (CB), followed by UAB with an amplitude of 10, 20, and 30 µm. Then, the surface roughness, microstructure, microhardness, and corrosion resistance of the treated samples were assessed. The surface roughness showed an improvement upon burnishing of the samples, where the best surface was achieved by UAB with an amplitude of 10 µm. UAB process also led to grain refinement such that finer grains could be achieved by increasing the amplitude. Microhardness also increased after the UAB process which got intensified by increasing the amplitude. The turned sample showed the least corrosion resistance, while the UAB-treated specimens (amplitude of 10 µm) exhibited minimal corrosion rate. Furthermore, the enhancement of UAB amplitude increased the surface roughness, causing a decline in corrosion resistance.
The role of individual characteristics: How thinking style and domain expertise affect performances on visualization
Authors: Tomasi Stella D , Liu Jeanny , Cheng Feng , Han Chaodong
Published: April 2023

Widely employed by innovative organizations, a well-designed simple data visualization has been shown to enhance user experience and aid in decision making; while a more embellished visualization may cause overload, it has the potential to create deeper processing and learning. Furthermore, individual characteristics may impact on how users seek information on these different types of visualization. This study proposes that thinking styles (analytical vs holistic) and domain expertise moderate the effects of data visualization types on decision performances in terms of decision accuracy, decision confidence, memory recall, and cognitive load. To test our hypotheses, an experimental study involving visual manipulations in the context of personal finance was conducted on two types of visualizations (simple and clutter). Results suggest that simple visualizations enhance decision accuracy and reduce cognitive load. We also find that cognitive load is further reduced when analytical thinkers are presented with simple visualizations. These findings can help designers understand how user characteristics may be considered when designing and evaluating visualizations for decision makers.
Virtual sensing-based monitoring and maintenance in elevators
Authors: Esteban Ekaitz , Salgado Oscar , Iturrospe Aitzol , Isasa Inge
Published: April 2023

This paper presents a virtual sensing approach for monitoring the elevator installations. The aim of the proposed virtual sensing approach is to monitor the condition of elevators without installing additional sensors. The adopted virtual sensing approach comprises a coupled-electromechanical elevator model presented in state space domain and a generalized output equation which includes not only the available measurements but also a set of virtual sensors. This virtual sensing approach employs an observer, and this observer estimates other physical quantities that cannot be directly measured with the already installed sensors. The estimated physical quantities are then employed for the calculation of four easy-to-interpret Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). These four indicators will enable to report the condition and triggers maintenance actions of elevator installations. Two of the indicators are related to the elevator ride quality and the energy efficiency which are currently employed by elevator manufacturers for evaluating their elevators. The rest two indicators are related to guide system diagnosis and electrical traction machine diagnosis. Finally, the proposed procedure is experimentally evaluated, by comparing the KPIs calculated based on the estimated virtual sensors and actual measurements, with the values obtained from the additional set of sensors installed in an elevator test tower.
Networks Inhibited and Networks Excited: Loss of Consciousness in Epilepsy
Authors: Englot Dario J.
Published: April 2023

[Box: see text]
What matters most to cerebral aneurysms patients: A digital analysis of 1127 social media posts
Authors: Gajjar Avi A. , Salem Mohamed M. , Hou Neo Y. , Davis Ryan Michael , Le Anthony Huy Dinh , Jankowitz Brian T. , Burkhardt Jan Karl
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Social media serves as a way for patients to post about their condition online, as well as for healthcare providers to disseminate information. Intrinsic bias exists exist when patients are given surveys by physicians or healthcare providers. We aim to investigate patient-centered social media posts regarding cerebral aneurysms on Instagram, Twitter, and TikTok.

Methods

Posts that included “brain aneurysm”, “#brainaneurysm”, “#brainaneurysmsurvivor”, and “#aneurysmsurvivor” were queried on Instagram, Twitter, and TikTok. Any posts unrelated to the patient experience were excluded. Five hundred and fourteen Instagram posts, fourty tweets, and five hundred seventy three TikTok posts about the patient experience were identified. Posts were coded for the relevant themes related to their experience with the disease.

Results

Most posts made online were by women (892, 82.1%). Patients made the post most of the time (776, 67.5%), while other individuals posted less often (420, 36.5%). The most common themes on Instagram were survival (475, 87.3%), spreading positivity (385, 70.77%), and recovery/rehabilitation (329, 60.5%). TikTok users most often referred to survival (573, 97.1%), raising awareness (464. 78.6%), and spreading positivity (414, 70.2%). Patients were more likely to discuss pre-operative pain (p = 0.0382), postoperative pain (p < 0.0001), invisible illness (p = 0.0130), humor (p = 0.0028), recovery (p < 0.0001), angiograms (p < 0.0001), and resiliency (p < 0.0001) when compared to other individuals posting about a patients' experience.

Conclusion

Patients often focus on different aspects of their care than do other individuals. This may be useful for physicians discussing treatment plans and prognoses with the patient and their families.
Embryological consideration of the inferolateral trunk
Authors: Komiyama Masaki
Published: April 2023

Inferolateral trunk (ILT), also called inferior or lateral cavernous branch, of the internal carotid artery is an important artery during neuro-intervention and neurosurgery. However, its embryological background is not well elucidated. Review of the developmental biology of this small artery indicated that the alleged nomenclatures of the remnant of the primitive maxillary artery of Sabin (1917) and primitive dorsal ophthalmic artery of Lasjaunias (1977) are misnomers because the primordium of the ILT does not nourish the maxilla or retina essentially, but it supplies the premandibular region where the premandibular (prechordal) mesoderm and its surrounding premandibular trigeminal neural crests are distributed. Thus, this embryological artery might be called the primitive premandibular artery more appropriately, and its remnant, i.e., the ILT, might be recognized as the remnant of the primitive premandibular artery.
A Rational Solution to the Debate on the Critical Voice in Ethnography of Communication Research
Authors: Shavit Nimrod
Published: April 2023

This article proposes a way to transcend the debate on the critical voice in Ethnography of Communication (EOC) and qualitative communication research more broadly. First, it demonstrates how EOC’s epistemological paradigm may prevent ethnographers from understanding their subjects fully. Secondly, the article offers a Weberian approach to rational interpretation as a resolution, replacing the concept of “culture” as an a priori explanandum with “practical rationality”. This move demonstrates the feasibility of a unified method in the social sciences capable of dismantling the artificial divide between interpretive and post-positivist philosophies and research designs. Finally, the article provides an illustration of the proposed approach based on some ethnographic data from a volunteer setting of open-source civic software production in Israel.
Special spherical mobile robot for planetary surface exploration: A review
Authors: Li Minggang , Sun Hanxu , Ma Long , Gao Panpan , Huo Dongshui , Wang Zhantong , Sun Ping
Published: April 2023

Considering the requirements of high scientific return, low cost, less complexity, and more reliability for the robot proposed by the extreme environment exploration task on the planet surface, this article comprehensively reviews the history of the special spherical robot used for extraterrestrial surface exploration and summarizes the environmental characteristics and task difficulties of different planet surface. This article compares the advantages of different types of ground spherical robots and points out the superiority of special spherical robots, such as omni-direction, airtightness, zero-radius turning, under-actuated, swarming, and lightweight. In addition, the research progress of special spherical robots for extraterrestrial exploration, such as wind ball, jumping ball, fly ball, ball with leg, pendulum driven ball, tensegrity structure, are reviewed respectively. Finally, the performance characteristics of all these robots are analyzed, their application scope given.
Lessons learned from conducting the first cancer care delivery trial in the Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology (Alliance A191402CD)
Authors: Pacyna Joel E , Dueck Amylou C , Chang George J , Chow Selina , Paskett Electra D , Kim Simon , Tilburt Jon C
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

Testing healthcare delivery interventions in rigorous clinical trials is a critical step in improving patient care, but conducting multisite randomized clinical trials to test the effect of care delivery interventions has unique challenges and requires foresight and planning.

Methods:

We conducted the first care delivery trial (A191402CD) in the Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology, a National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program research base, which tested the effectiveness of two different decision aids for supporting shared decision-making about prostate cancer treatment. Our experience illustrates the kind of challenges that confront care delivery researchers as they seek to test interventions to improve the experiences of patients.

Results:

Lessons learned include the following: cluster-randomized designs introduce complexity; workflow disruption can discourage site participation; evidence-based methods may not always be sufficient.

Conclusion:

We conclude with the following recommendations: assessing feasibility requires special rigor; relationships and interpersonal dynamics must be leveraged. Our experiences may inform future care delivery research.
The pan-immune-inflammation value is associated with clinical outcomes in patients with advanced TNBC treated with first-line, platinum-based chemotherapy: an institutional retrospective analysis
Authors: Provenzano Leonardo , Lobefaro Riccardo , Ligorio Francesca , Zattarin Emma , Zambelli Luca , Sposetti Caterina , Presti Daniele , Montelatici Giulia , Ficchì Angela , Martinetti Antonia , Arata Alessio , Del Vecchio Marta , Lauria Pantano Claudia , Formisano Barbara , Bianchi Giulia Valeria , Capri Giuseppe , de Braud Filippo , Vernieri Claudio , Fucà Giovanni
Published: April 2023

Background:

Advanced triple-negative breast cancer (aTNBC) has a poor prognosis; thus, there is a need to identify novel biomarkers to guide future research and improve clinical outcomes.

Objectives:

We tested the prognostic ability of an emerging, complete blood count (CBC)-based inflammatory biomarker, the pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV), in patients with aTNBC treated with first-line, platinum-based chemotherapy.

Design:

This was a retrospective, monocentric, observational study.

Methods:

We included consecutive aTNBC patients treated with platinum-based, first-line chemotherapy at our Institution, and for whom baseline (C1) CBC data were available. We collected CBC data early on-treatment, when available. PIV was calculated as: (neutrophil count × platelet count × monocyte count)/lymphocyte count. Patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative advanced breast cancer (aBC) were included in a control, non-TNBC cohort.

Results:

A total of 78 aTNBC patients were included. When evaluated as a continuous variable, PIV-C1 was associated with worse overall survival (OS; p < 0.001) and progression-free survival (PFS; p < 0.001). On the other hand, when PIV-C1 was assessed on the basis of its quantile distribution, patients with ‘high PIV-C1’ experienced worse OS [adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 4.46, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.22–8.99; adjusted p < 0.001] and PFS (adjusted HR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.08–3.80; adjusted p = 0.027) when compared to patients with ‘low PIV-C1’. Higher PIV-C1 was also associated with primary resistance to chemotherapy. Similarly, a higher PIV calculated from CBC at C2D1 (PIV-C2) was associated with worse survival outcomes. We also created a PIV-based score combining information about both PIV-C1 and PIV-C2 and allowing the stratification of patients at low, intermediate, and high risk of death. No association was observed between PIV-C1 and clinical outcomes of HR+/HER2− aBC patients.

Conclusion:

PIV has a promising prognostic discrimination ability in aTNBC patients treated with first-line, platinum-based chemotherapy. Both baseline and early on-treatment PIV are associated with clinical outcomes and may be exploited for creating PIV-based risk classifiers if further validated.
The First Regulatory Clearance of an Open-Source Automated Insulin Delivery Algorithm
Authors: Braune Katarina , Hussain Sufyan , Lal Rayhan
Published: April 2023

Open-source Automated Insulin Dosing (OS-AID) algorithms are made publicly accessible so that every facet of their operation can be understood. Currently, commercial AID algorithms are kept proprietary trade secrets, despite the role they take in making life and death decisions for people living with type 1 diabetes. Loop was the second OS-AID algorithm, developed initially by Nate Racklyeft and Pete Schwamb. In 2018, the nonprofit organization Tidepool (Palo Alto, CA) announced the launch of the “Tidepool Loop” initiative with the aim to generate real-world evidence and obtain regulatory clearance. By the end of 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration received Tidepool’s application for an interoperable automated glycemic controller based on Loop. After 2 years, the FDA approved the Tidepool Loop on January 23, 2023.
The pupil as a window to the mind’s eye: Greater emotionality of episodic imagery than verbal visualisation of rewarding activities
Authors: Bär Andreas , Bär Hannah E. , Schneider Max , Renner Fritz
Published: April 2023

Episodic imagery has been shown to amplify emotion more than abstract verbal representations. This may prove useful for clinical interventions aiming to motivate adaptive behaviours. However, most findings rely on self-report measures and verbal control conditions not designed to actively prevent automatic engagement in episodic imagery. We thus investigated the difference in emotionality between Episodic Imagery (EI) and Verbal Visualisation (VV) using pupil dilation as a physiological measure of emotional arousal. A sample of 75 participants listened to audio recordings describing activities in a positive manner. Subjects were randomly assigned to the EI or VV condition. Participants in the EI condition imagined performing the described activity, while participants in the VV condition visualised the words constituting the descriptions. As predicted, EI led to greater pupil dilation than VV, independent of mental effort. Self-reported anticipatory reward assessed throughout the task was also greater for EI than VV, yet no difference was found for arousal, anticipated reward or motivation. Our findings extend previous work demonstrating the property of episodic imagery to amplify emotion to a physiological level using pupillometry. However, we did not find a transfer to motivation, which is in line with previous studies using verbal control conditions for episodic imagery.