bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibody engineering improves neutralization activity against K417 spike mutant SARS-CoV-2 variants
Authors: Li Lili , Gao Meiling , Jiao Peng , Zu Shulong , Deng Yong-qiang , Wan Dingyi , Cao Yang , Duan Jing , Aliyari Saba R , Li Jie , Shi Yueyue , Rao Zihe , Qin Cheng-feng , Guo Yu , Cheng Genhong , Yang Heng
Published: May 2022

Background

Neutralizing antibodies are approved drugs to treat coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients, yet mutations in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) variants may reduce the antibody neutralizing activity. New monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antibody remolding strategies are recalled in the battle with COVID-19 epidemic.

Results

We identified multiple mAbs from antibody phage display library made from COVID-19 patients and further characterized the R3P1-E4 clone, which effectively suppressed SARS-CoV-2 infection and rescued the lethal phenotype in mice infected with SARS-CoV-2. Crystal structural analysis not only explained why R3P1-E4 had selectively reduced binding and neutralizing activity to SARS-CoV-2 variants carrying K417 mutations, but also allowed us to engineer mutant antibodies with improved neutralizing activity against these variants. Thus, we screened out R3P1-E4 mAb which inhibits SARS-CoV-2 and related mutations in vitro and in vivo. Antibody engineering improved neutralizing activity of R3P1-E4 against K417 mutations.

Conclusion

Our studies have outlined a strategy to identify and engineer neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Chidamide and apatinib are therapeutically synergistic in acute myeloid leukemia stem and progenitor cells
Authors: Zhao Haijun , Jiang Yuelong , Lin Fusheng , Zhong Mengya , Tan Jinshui , Zhou Yong , Liu Long , Li Guowei , Deng Manman , Xu Bing
Published: May 2022

Background

Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are responsible for the initiation and perpetuation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and also represent leukemia relapse reservoirs with limited therapeutic approaches. Thus, additional treatment strategies are medical unmet needs to eliminate LSCs.

Methods

Cell counting kit-8 and Annexin-V-FITC/PI assays were used to examine the interaction of chidamide and apatinib on LSC-like cell lines (CD34+CD38− KG1α and Kasumi-1 cells) and primary CD34+ AML cells. AML patient-derived xenografts were established to investigate the in vivo efficacy of the combined regimen. RNA sequencing, Glutamine uptake assay, oxygen consumption assay, and western blotting were employed to explore the molecule mechanism for the cytotoxicity of chidamide with or without apatinib against LSC-like cell lines and/or primary CD34+ AML cells.

Results

In this study, chidamide and apatinib were synergisitc to diminish cell viability and induce apoptosis in CD34+CD38− KG1α and Kasumi-1 cells and in CD34+ primary AML cells. Importantly, chidamide combined with apatinib had more powerful in reducing leukemia burden and improving prognosis than single drug alone in an AML PDX model without significant adverse effects. Chidamide cytotoxicity was associated with decreasing glutamine uptake. The therapeutic synergy of chidamide and apatinib correlated with reprogramming of energy metabolic pathways. In addition, inactivating the VEGFR function and reducing the anti-apoptotic ability of the Bcl2 family contributed to the synergism of chidamide and apatinib in CD34+CD38− KG1α cells and CD34+ primary AML cells.

Conclusion

Chidamide in combination with apatinib might be a promising therapeutic strategy to get rid of the population of AML stem and progenitor cells, and thus provide a potentially curative option in the treatment of patients with AML, although further clinical evaluations are required to substantiate the conclusion.
Incidence of adverse drug events in patients hospitalized in the medical wards of a teaching referral hospital in Ethiopia: a prospective observational study
Authors: Ersulo Teketel Alemu , Yizengaw Mengist Awoke , Tesfaye Behailu Terefe
Published: May 2022

Background

Adverse drug events (ADEs) are an important public health problem with considerable clinical and economic costs. However there are limited studies of ADE incidence in adult inpatients in low-income countries, particularly in Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to assess the incidence of adverse drug events and associated factors in patients hospitalized in the medical wards of Wolaita Sodo University teaching referral hospital (WSUTRH).

Methods

A prospective observational study was conducted involving 240 patients admitted to the medical wards of WSUTRH. A checklist was used for data collection, while standard tools were employed for assessing the probability and characterization of ADEs. A multifaceted approach involving daily chart review, patient interview, attendance at ward rounds and/or meetings, and staff reports were employed to collect the data. To identify factors independently associated with ADEs, logistic regression analysis was conducted using Stata version 15.

Results

Patients were followed from ward admission to discharge, accounting for 2200 patient-days of hospital stay. Overall, 976 medications were ordered during the hospital stay. Sixty-four ADEs were identified with an incidence of approximately 27 per 100 admissions and 29 per 1000 patient days. Of the total ADEs, 59% were preventable. Regarding the severity, 2% of the ADEs were severe, while 54% were moderate. The risk of ADEs increased with longer hospital stay (LOHS) (p = 0.021), in patients with blood and immune disease diagnosis (p = 0.001), use of cardiovascular medicines (p = 0.028), and an increase in the number of medications prescribed (p = 0.021).

Conclusions

In this study, ADEs were identified in about one-quarter of the participants. Longer hospital stays, blood and immune diseases, cardiovascular medicines use, and multiple medication use had increased the likelihood of ADE occurrences. The majority of the ADEs were preventable, indicating the existence of a window of opportunity to ensure patient safety.
Aspirin versus placebo on estrogen levels in postmenopausal women: a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Oghazian Mohammad Bagher , Shirzad Nooshin , Ahadi Mahdi , Eivazi Adli Shalaleh , Mollazadeh Samaneh , Radfar Mania
Published: May 2022

Background

Estrogen is involved in the pathogenesis of breast and gynecological cancers. Regular use of aspirin reduces estrogen levels. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of aspirin on estrogen levels in postmenopausal women.

Methods

This double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel-group trial was conducted on postmenopausal women referred to an outpatient clinic at a women’s hospital in Tehran. Volunteers were randomly assigned to receive aspirin 100 mg/day or placebo for 6 weeks. Estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and testosterone levels at baseline and at the end of the intervention were measured by ELISA. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20, Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, independent samples t-test, and Mann–Whitney U test.

Results

Twenty-seven and 28 participants were finally analyzed in the aspirin and placebo groups, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups in body mass index (BMI), age, or menopausal years. There was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.002) in the amount of  change in estradiol levels of the intervention group (median=− 3.5 pg/ml) compared to the control group (median=1.5 pg/ml). In contrast, there were no significant differences between the two groups regarding testosterone and SHBG levels (p = 0.58, p = 0.32).

Conclusions

Since low doses of aspirin may decrease estradiol levels, it could be considered a promising adjunctive therapeutic candidate in postmenopausal women to decrease BC incidence. However, further studies with larger sample sizes, measurements of estrogen levels and its related compounds in different time points accompanied by long-term follow-ups are needed to better elucidate the potential mechanisms by which nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) negatively affect breast cancer.

Trial registration

IRCT201012195397N1. Date of first registration: 03/01/2011.
Electrochemical activity of glassy carbon electrode modified with ZnO nanoparticles prepared Via Senna Alata L. leaf extract towards antiretroviral drug
Authors: Ariyanta Harits Atika , Roji Fakhrur , Apriandanu Dewangga Oky Bagus
Published: May 2022

The phytosynthesis method was used to prepare ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) via Senna alata L. leaf extract (SALE) by involving alkaloids, which play an essential role as a source of weak bases during the formation reaction of NPs. ZnO NPs on glassy carbon electrodes (GCE/ZnO NP) have been introduced to investigate its electrochemical activity towards the antiretroviral drug, lamivudine (3TC). Several characterization techniques, such as Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) techniques were employed to analyze the properties of GCE/ZnO NPs. As a result, ZnO NPs in spherical shape showed a high purity crystalline hexagonal wurtzite structure with a particle diameter of 40–60 nm. A Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) measurement confirmed that the electrochemical reduction of 3TC on GCE/ZnO NPs exhibited an excellent linear range of 10–300 µM with a detection limit of 1.902 µM, quantitation limit of 6.330 µM, and sensitivity of 0.0278 µA/µM. Thus, this research suggests a facile method for the preparation of material-based ZnO NPs as a promising antiretroviral drug sensors due to their excellent electrochemical properties.
Purification, identification and characterization of Nag2 N-acetylglucosaminidase from Trichoderma virens strain mango
Authors: Huang Jheng-Hua , Zeng Feng-Jin , Guo Jhe-Fu , Huang Jian-Yuan , Lin Hua-Chian , Lo Chaur-Tsuen , Chou Wing-Ming
Published: May 2022

Background

N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGase) could liberate N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) from GlcNAc-containing oligosaccharides. Trichoderma spp. is an important source of chitinase, particularly NAGase for industrial use. nag1 and nag2 genes encoding NAGase, are found in the genome in Trichoderma spp. The deduced Nag1 and Nag2 shares ~ 55% homology in Trichoderma virens. Most studies were focus on Nag1 and nag1 previously.

Results

The native NAGase (TvmNAG2) was purified to homogeneity with molecular mass of ~ 68 kDa on SDS-PAGE analysis, and identified as Nag2 by MALDI/MS analysis from an isolate T. virens strain mango. RT-PCR analyses revealed that only nag2 gene was expressed in liquid culture of T. virens, while both of nag1 and nag2 were expressed in T. virens cultured on the plates. TvmNAG2 was thermally stable up to 60 °C for 2 h, and the optimal pH and temperature were 5.0 and 60–65 °C, respectively, using p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide (pNP-NAG) as substrate. The hydrolytic product of colloidal chitin by TvmNAG2 was suggested to be GlcNAc based on TLC analyses. Moreover, TvmNAG2 possesses antifungal activity, inhibiting the mycelium growth of Sclerotium rolfsii. And it was resistant to the proteolysis by papain and trypsin.

Conclusions

The native Nag2, TvmNAG2 was purified and identified from T. virens strain mango, as well as enzymatic properties. To our knowledge, it is the first report with the properties of native Trichoderma Nag2.
Implementation of piglet castration under inhalation anaesthesia on farrowing farms
Authors: Winner Eva-Maria , Beisl Marina , Gumbert Sophie , Härtel Helena , Kaiser Jennifer , Wernecke Anja , Senf Steffanie , Zablotski Yury , Ritzmann Mathias , Zöls Susanne
Published: May 2022

Background

Since 01.01.2021, suckling piglets may no longer be castrated without anaesthesia in Germany. Previous studies showed castration using isoflurane anaesthesia in combination with a suitable analgesic, meet the requirements of the German Animal Welfare Act. It can be carried out independently by farmers and other qualified persons with an automated and certified isoflurane device. Therefore, the aim of the present field study was to implement the use of three different anaesthetic devices for surgical castration of male piglets under automated isoflurane anaesthesia on 15 conventional pig farms in southern Germany. In addition, the depth of anaesthesia based on defensive movements, the labour time required in contrast to anaesthetic-free castration, castration-related anaesthetic incidents and the piglet mortality rate as well as occupational safety were investigated. For this purpose, farrowing batches of 11,574 piglets castrated under isoflurane anaesthesia (IA) were compared with the results of the 1568 piglets of anaesthetic-free farrowing batches (AF).

Results

In total, 80.1% of the castrated piglets showed sufficient depth of anaesthesia, although this varied significantly between devices. 1.7% of the piglets suffered an anaesthetic incident, of which 0.1% died during or within 24 h after anaesthesia. The required time for the complete working process differed significantly between AF (1.7 ± 0.8 min/piglet) and IA batches (2.2 ± 0.8 min/piglet) but not for castration itself. The mean isoflurane consumption was 0.57 ± 0.27 ml/piglet and differed significantly between the devices (p < 0.001). The isoflurane concentration in the ambient air of the person-related workplace safety measurements was below the internationally lowest value of 15 mg/m3 from Ontario and Israel.

Conclusion

In conclusion, 2 of the 3 types of devices used, a sufficient depth of anaesthesia during castration under isoflurane was achieved in 85% of castrated piglets. Anaesthetic incidents occurred in 1.7% of the animals, of which 0.1% died. Castration under isoflurane is more time-consuming than anaesthetic-free castration, but the castration time itself did not differ significantly. The occupational exposure limits were below the internationally lowest limit value of 15 mg/m3 for the persons involved. Even though castration under isoflurane is more time consuming than anaesthetic-free castration, it is a well-establishable method for practice and a dear improvement for animal welfare.
Cross-cultural validity of the five items Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS-5) in Peru and Mexico during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Reyes-Bossio Mario , Zapparigli Emilio Lafferrnaderie , Caycho-Rodríguez Tomás , Carbajal-León Carlos , Castaman Luis Alberto Olavarria , Pino Giovana Lourdes Hernandez , Sanchez Raymundo Calderon , Barbosa-Granados Sergio
Published: May 2022

The Spanish version of the 5-item Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS-5) is a brief measure of the general tendency to be attentive and aware of experiences in the present moment during daily life. The MAAS-5 has been used in different countries; however, an assessment of its cross-cultural measurement invariance (MI) has not been conducted. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the cross-cultural measurement invariance of the MAAS-5 in university students from two countries: Peru and Mexico. A total of 1144 university students from Peru (N = 822) and Mexico (N = 322) responded online to the Spanish version of the 5-item Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS-5). A multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was performed. Measurement invariance tests the hypothesis that the model behind a set of scores is comparable between groups. The results showed that the unidimensional structure of the MAAS-5 is the same between Peruvian and Mexican university students. Therefore, it is suggested that university students from both countries conceptualize the mindfulness in a similar way. As a result, the MAAS-5 can be used to compare differences between countries. No significant differences were observed in the MAAS-5 score between Peruvian and Mexican university students. The present study contributes to a better understanding of the psychometric properties of the MAAS-5 by presenting MI results in two Latin American countries. Implications of the findings are discussed, which will facilitate a more solid and reliable use of the MAAS-5 in future cross-cultural studies.
Socioeconomic determinants of use and choice of modern contraceptive methods in Ghana
Authors: Nketiah-Amponsah Edward , Ampaw Samuel , Twumasi Baffour Priscilla
Published: May 2022

Background

The slow pace of fertility decline in Africa relative to other parts of the world has important implications for the region’s economic development. Modern contraceptive use is seen as important population control and family planning strategy by governments worldwide. This paper examines the socioeconomic determinants of modern contraceptive use and choice among Ghanaian men and women.

Methods

We use the most recent and nationally representative Ghana Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2014. The analysis is observational, with no causal implications. Bivariate and multivariate methods are used to analyse the data. We first use logistic regression to explore the correlates of modern contraceptive use among Ghanaian men and women. Second, we explore the socioeconomic factors influencing the choice of modern contraceptive methods among contraceptive users using multinomial logistic regression. We classify the modern methods of contraception into three groups: long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC), short-acting contraceptives (SAC), and permanent contraceptives.

Results

Marital status proves to be the most significant predictor for both men and women, with women in monogamous unions having a greater propensity to use modern methods of contraception (OR = 1.4, p < 0.00). We also find that different factors affect the use and choice of modern methods of contraception among men and women in Ghana. Muslim men had a higher likelihood than Catholics to choose the permanent (sterilisation) method (OR = 11.9, p < 0.05), while their female counterparts were 0.25 times less likely to choose sterilisation over SAC (p < 0.05). Moreover, women who ever tested for HIV had higher use of LAC than the SAC ((RRR = 1.6, p < 0.01). The modern contraceptive users (women) with at most basic education were more likely than those with tertiary education to choose LAC over SAC. Finally, rural women with health insurance were 0.75 times (p < 0.01) less likely to use modern methods of contraception.

Conclusions

The paper reiterates the need to intensify and sustain public health education on the health benefits of using modern methods of contraception among the adult population. The paper suggests that including family planning services on Ghana’s national health insurance benefits package is commendable. It can promote modern contraceptive use and curtail unwarranted population growth.
Seroprevalence of anti-Toxocara canis antibodies and associated risk factors among dog owners in the rural community of Nakhon Si Thammarat province, southern Thailand
Authors: Na-Ek Prasit , Narkkul Udomsak , Phasuk Nonthapan , Punsawad Chuchard
Published: May 2022

Background

Human toxocariasis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the Toxocara canis and T. cati nematodes larvae. Dog owners are at a higher risk of acquiring T. canis infection, and there is no available evidence regarding the seroprevalence of T. canis infection among dog owners in Thailand. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of T. canis infection and associated risk factors among dog owners in rural areas of Thailand.

Methods

A total of 132 dog owners, including 25 men and 107 women, were recruited for this study. Serum anti-T. canis IgG antibodies were detected using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, and information on risk factors was collected using a questionnaire. In addition, hematological parameters were analyzed by the auto hematology analyzer. Risk variables associated with T. canis infection were investigated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.

Results

The overall seroprevalence of T. canis was 76.5% (101/132). Men were more likely to be infected with T. canis than women. Univariate analysis revealed that dog owners who did not practice handwashing before meals (p = 0.005) or after contact with soil (p = 0.035) or dogs (p = 0.049) had a substantially higher risk of acquiring T. canis infection. After adjusting for confounders, not practicing handwashing before meals remained a significant risk factor for T. canis infection (p = 0.038). The mean number of eosinophils was significantly higher in the seropositive group than in the seronegative group.

Conclusions

This is the first serological report of T. canis infection among dog owners reflecting the high rate of T. canis seropositivity in rural areas of southern Thailand. This study also provides group-specific data concerning modifiable risk behaviors for more effective T. canis infection control and prevention strategies in Thailand.
Tantalum-specific contrast-to-noise ratio or conventional detector dose-driven exposure control in angiography: radiation dose and image quality evaluation in a porcine model
Authors: Werncke Thomas , Meine Timo Christian , Hinrichs Jan B. , Maschke Sabine K. , Becker Lena Sophie , Brüsch Inga , Rumpel Regina , Wacker Frank K. , Meyer Bernhard C.
Published: May 2022

Background

The aim of this animal study was to compare the fluoroscopic image quality (IQ) and radiation dose between a tantalum (Ta)-specific contrast-to-noise ratio-driven exposure control (Ta-CEC) and a detector dose-driven exposure control (DEC) in abdominal angiography.

Methods

Nine angiography scenarios were created in seven anaesthetised pigs using Ta-based embolisation material during percutaneous liver and kidney intervention. Fluoroscopic images were acquired using three DEC protocols with different dose levels and Ta-CEC protocols with different IQ levels, sampled in small steps. Polymethyl-methacrylate and aluminium plates were used to simulate attenuation of three water equivalent thicknesses (WET). Three blinded readers evaluated the IQ of DEC and dose equivalent Ta images and selected the Ta-IQ equivalent image corresponding to the DEC image.

Results

Interobserver agreement for the IQ assessment was 0.43 for DEC, 0.56 for Ta-CEC and for the assessment of incident air kerma at the interventional reference point (Ka,r) for the Ta-IQ equivalent image 0.73. The average IQ of the dose equivalent Ta images was superior compared to the DEC images (p < 0.001) and also for every WET (26, 31, or 36 cm) and dose level (p ≤ 0.022). The average Ka,r for the Ta-IQ equivalent images was 59 ± 16% (mean ± standard deviation) lower compared to the DEC images (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Compared to DEC, Ta-CEC significantly improved the fluoroscopic depiction of Ta, while maintaining the Ka,r. Alternatively, the Ka,r can be significantly reduced by using Ta-CEC instead of DEC, while maintaining equivalent IQ.
Probabilistic analysis of long-term loss incorporating maximum entropy method and analytical higher-order moments
Authors: Zhang Yu , Li Yaohan , Dong You
Published: May 2022

Quantifying economic losses of civil infrastructures subjected to various hazards under a life-cycle context is of vital importance for risk assessment and management. In previous studies, the expected long-term loss has been widely applied as a standard decision criterion during the life-cycle analysis. However, the expectation may not be informative enough to illustrate uncertainties associated with the long-term loss. Therefore, the higher-order moments and the probability distribution should be investigated. In this paper, a probabilistic analysis framework is proposed to construct the probability density function and cumulative distribution function of long-term loss by assessing the analytical statistical moments. The stochastic renewal process is utilized to assess the long-term loss by considering uncertainties associated with stochastic occurrence and frequency of the hazards. Based on the maximum entropy method, the proposed approach shows superior efficiency to assess the probability distribution of long-term loss than crude Monte Carlo simulation. The probability distribution can be essential information for decision-making process of risk management. An illustrative example is investigated to show the probability density function of long-term loss of civil infrastructure subjected to hurricane hazards. A good agreement of results obtained by the proposed approach and Monte Carlo simulation has verified the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Getting by with a Little Help from Friends: A Qualitative Case Study of Students’ Strategies for Coping with Failure in an Undergraduate Biology Laboratory Course
Authors: Shim Soo Won , Pelaez Nancy
Published: May 2022

Five students confronted research obstacles in an undergrad bio lab course. Using a framework of self-determination theory, this case study explores their emotions, coping responses, and valuable learning from their failed research experience. Suggestions for instruction are informed by examples of coping strategies for managing negative emotions.
Surface relaxivities and bulk relaxation times from nuclear magnetic resonance T1-T2 logging in unconventional reservoirs
Authors: Ijasan Olabode
Published: May 2022

In borehole nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging of unconventional reservoirs, important fundamental parameters such as surface relaxation, bulk fluid relaxation, pore size, and wettability often are ignored because their controls are nontrivial. We developed a data-driven workflow to estimate surface relaxivities and bulk relaxation times from borehole wireline NMR [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] measurements for practical modeling of petrophysical properties in unconventional reservoirs. The workflow, in a series of analytical steps, initially implements petrophysical multimodal analysis of [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] maps to identify naturally clustered responses of key relaxation effects. Subsequently, it then jointly derives apparent bulk relaxation times ([Formula: see text]) and surface relaxivities, i.e., transverse ([Formula: see text]) and longitudinal ([Formula: see text]), per distinct petrophysically relevant pore and fluid types. The results, and associated uncertainties, in an unconventional field are within ranges of published experiments in the literature for siliciclastic clay- and organic-rich formations. This approach for in situ, in contrast to laboratory, derivations of surface relaxivities in unconventional reservoirs creates novel opportunities to estimate NMR-based pore-size distributions and permeability in the subsurface.
Investigating characteristics of patients with mental disorders to predict out-patient physician follow-up within 30 days of emergency department discharge
Authors: Gabet Morgane , Gentil Lia , Lesage Alain , Fleury Marie-Josée
Published: May 2022

Background

Prompt follow-up at emergency department discharge is a key indicator of healthcare quality and patient recovery. To improve services, better knowledge of predictors for out-patient physician follow-up within 30 days after discharge is needed.

Aims

We investigated clinical and sociodemographic characteristics and service use to predict patients with mental disorders with or without physician follow-up after emergency department use.

Method

This study used data extracted from clinical administrative databases for 9514 patients who attended an emergency department in Quebec (Canada) in 2014–2015 (index visit) for mental health reasons. Patient clinical and sociodemographic characteristics from 2012–2013 to 2014–2015, and service use 12 months before the index visit, were investigated as predictors for patients with or without prompt follow-up, using hierarchical logistic regression.

Results

Two-thirds of patients did not receive prompt physician follow-up. Patients with level 1–2 illness acuity at emergency department triage (needing immediate or urgent care); those with adjustment or bipolar disorders, but without alcohol-related disorders (clinical characteristics); and patients with higher continuity of physician care, more psychosocial interventions in community healthcare centres and prior hospital admission (service use characteristics) were more likely to receive prompt out-patient follow-up.

Conclusions

Access to medical care was poor, considering the high needs of this population. The role of the emergency department as a gateway for accessing out-patient care may be strengthened by strategies like screening, brief intervention including motivational treatments, brief case management offered by emergency department staff, timely referral to services and better post-discharge planning. Collaborative care for patients attending emergency departments should also be improved.
Protein Profiling of Breast Cancer for Treatment Decision-Making
Authors: Badve Sunil S. , Gökmen-Polar Yesim
Published: May 2022

The increasing use of neoadjuvant therapy has resulted in therapeutic decisions being made on the basis of diagnostic needle core biopsy. For many patients, this method might yield the only fragment of tumor available for biomarker analysis, necessitating judicious use. Many multiplex protein analytic methods have been developed that employ fluorescence or other tags to overcome the limitations of immunohistochemistry while still retaining the spatial annotation. Interpretation of the data can be difficult because of the limitations of the human eye. Computational deconvolution of the signals may be necessary for some of these methods to enable identification of cell-specific localization and coexpression of biomarkers. Herein, we present the different methods that are coming of age and their application in cancer research, with a focus on breast cancer. We also discuss the limitations, which include high costs and long turnaround times. The methods are also based on the premise that preanalytical factors will have identical impact on all proteins analyzed. There is a need to establish standards to normalize the data and enable cross-sample comparisons. In spite of these limitations, the multiplex technologies are extremely valuable discovery tools and can provide novel insights into the biology of cancer and mechanisms of drug resistance.
Oddities in the Evolution of Syringes in Anesthesia
Authors: Wiepking Floris S. , Van Zundert André A. J.
Published: May 2022

Many procedures in science and medicine involve the use of a syringe, and its invention is a key milestone in general and regional anesthesia history. The end of the 19th century brought major changes in syringe production. An industry that initially manually crafted syringes to individual physicians’ instructions saw the introduction of a large variety of syringes, sometimes with odd and unique modifications. For many of these unique syringes, there was no proven evidence that these modifications were effective or safe to use. This article provides examples of “odd” syringe designs for use in medicine, general anesthesia, and regional anesthesia. Some designs proved functional and have stood the test of time; others quickly disappeared and ended up in dusty collections.
Promyelocytic leukemia nuclear body-like structures can assemble in mouse oocytes
Authors: Udagawa Osamu , Kato-Udagawa Ayaka , Hirano Seishiro
Published: May 2022

Promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies (PML-NBs), a class of membrane-less cellular organelles, participate in various biological activities. PML-NBs are known as the core-shell-type nuclear body, harboring ‘client’ proteins in their core. Although multiple membrane-less organelles work in the oocyte nucleus, PML-NBs have been predicted to be absent from oocytes. Here, we show that some well-known PML clients (but not endogenous PML) co-localized with small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) protein in the nucleolus and peri-centromeric heterochromatin of maturing oocytes. In oocytes devoid of PML-NBs, endogenous PML protein localized in the vicinity of chromatin. During and after meiotic resumption, PML co-localized with SUMO gathering around chromosomes. To examine the benefit of the PML-NB-free intranuclear milieu in oocytes, we deliberately assembled PML-NBs by microinjecting human PML-encoding plasmids into oocytes. Under conditions of limited SUMO availability, assembled PML-NBs tended to cluster. Upon proteotoxic stress, SUMO delocalized from peri-centromeric heterochromatin and co-localized with SC35 (a marker of nuclear speckles)-positive large compartments, which was disturbed by pre-assembled PML-NBs. These observations suggest that the PML-NB-free intranuclear environment helps reserve SUMO for emergent responses by redirecting the flux of SUMO otherwise needed to maintain PML-NB dynamics.
Characterization, expression and function of the pyrokinins (PKs) in the giant freshwater prawn,Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Authors: Thongbuakaew Tipsuda , Mukem Sirirak , Chaiyamoon Arada , Khornchatri Kanjana , Kruangkum Thanapong , Cummins Scott F. , Sobhon Prasert
Published: May 2022

Pyrokinins (PKs) are neuropeptides that have been found to regulate a variety of physiological activities including reproduction in various insect and crustacean species. However, the reproductive roles of PKs in the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, have not yet been investigated. In this study, we identified the MroPK gene from next-generation sequence resources, which encodes a MroPK precursor that shares a high degree of conservation with the C-terminal sequence of FxPRLamide in other arthropods. MroPK is expressed within most tissues, except the hepatopancreas, stomach and gill. Within developing ovarian tissue, MroPK expression was found to be significantly higher during the early stages (stages 1–2) compared with the late stages (stages 3–4), and could be localized to the oogonia, previtellogenic and early vitellogenic oocytes. A role for PK in M. rosenbergii reproduction was supported following experimental administration of MroPK to ovarian explant cultures, which led to an increase in the production of progesterone and estradiol and upregulation of expression of steroidogenesis-related genes (3β-HSD and 17β-HSD) and vitellogenin (Vg). Together, these results support a role for MroPK in regulating ovarian maturation via steroidogenesis.
Transcriptomic and functional genetic evidence for distinct ecophysiological responses across complex life cycle stages
Authors: Freda Philip J. , Toxopeus Jantina , Dowle Edwina J. , Ali Zainab M. , Heter Nicholas , Collier Rebekah L. , Sower Isaiah , Tucker Joseph C. , Morgan Theodore J. , Ragland Gregory J.
Published: May 2022

Organisms with complex life cycles demonstrate a remarkable ability to change their phenotypes across development, presumably as an evolutionary adaptation to developmentally variable environments. Developmental variation in environmentally sensitive performance, and thermal sensitivity in particular, has been well documented in holometabolous insects. For example, thermal performance in adults and juvenile stages exhibit little genetic correlation (genetic decoupling) and can evolve independently, resulting in divergent thermal responses. Yet, we understand very little about how this genetic decoupling occurs. We tested the hypothesis that genetic decoupling of thermal physiology is driven by fundamental differences in physiology between life stages, despite a potentially conserved cellular stress response. We used RNAseq to compare transcript expression in response to a cold stressor in Drosophila melanogaster larvae and adults and used RNA interference (RNAi) to test whether knocking down nine target genes differentially affected larval and adult cold tolerance. Transcriptomic responses of whole larvae and adults during and following exposure to −5°C were largely unique both in identity of responding transcripts and in temporal dynamics. Further, we analyzed the tissue-specificity of differentially expressed transcripts from FlyAtlas 2 data, and concluded that stage-specific differences in transcription were not simply driven by differences in tissue composition. In addition, RNAi of target genes resulted in largely stage-specific and sometimes sex-specific effects on cold tolerance. The combined evidence suggests that thermal physiology is largely stage-specific at the level of gene expression, and thus natural selection may be acting on different loci during the independent thermal adaptation of different life stages.
Representative sampling for condition monitoring of in-service wind turbine bearings: challenges and solutions over 10 years
Authors: Møller H. , Esbensen K.
Published: May 2022

Development of cost-effective and accurate methods are crucial for operational condition monitoring of wind turbine blade bearings. Based on the Theory of Sampling (TOS), a novel method for acquiring representative samples of lubricating grease from in-service wind turbine blade bearings has been developed over the last 10 years, in some respects similar to “on-line” PAT approaches used for continuous process sampling. The new method is compared and evaluated to a comprehensive, fully TOS-compliant refence sampling performed on dismantled bearings, which is a complete analogue to “stopped belt” reference sampling. Three case studies are reported with which to illustrate the merits of the new wind turbine bearing condition monitoring method, which is needed in the rapidly developing renewable CO2-free energy supply chain. Seen in the context of the currently much accelerated need for a massive green transition, the market prospects for this wind turbine process sampling approach can hardly be overestimated.
Experimental determination of the constitutional heterogeneity for sampling of waste printed circuit boards
Authors: Brochot S. , Wavrer Ph. , Hubau A. , Touzé S.
Published: May 2022

Sampling and analysis of Waste Printed Circuit Boards (WPCBs) become of high importance because of the strong increase in the annual production of such waste and equally because of the value and criticality of the contained metals. As a result of human production, we could expect to know exactly the heterogeneity of constitution of WPCBs, but this is still far away from reality, and there is no effective data available due to lack of documentation and rapid obsolescence of such equipment, the lot composition itself being highly variable over time.

In the frame of a project focused on the WPCBs recycling, BRGM has conducted a set of experiments with the double objective to define an appropriate sampling and analytical procedure and to estimate the variability of such procedures for the determination of the content of six metals. Different operating conditions have been tested: three grinding sizes and three sample masses. For each case, the procedure has been repeated several times sufficient to consider statistics. A theoretical study has then been performed to deconvolute sampling and analytical errors from these statistics. The paper presents this approach and the techniques used to go back to the heterogeneity of such material. The analytical error is calculated for the different protocols allowing the experimental identification of the last stage total sampling error. Discussion is made about the possibility to estimate the intrinsic heterogeneity parameter at the different stages of the sampling procedure.
Sampling in a precious metals refining plant—A practical approach for a complex problem
Authors: Pauels B.
Published: May 2022

Umicore Precious Metals Refining is one of the world’s largest precious metals recycling facilities. This plant recycles very diverse waste streams containing precious and other non-ferrous metals. More than 200 different types of raw materials are being processed here, varying from complex mining concentrates and refining residues coming from the mining industry and other smelters up to precious metals containing production scraps and end-of life materials such as electronic scrap and car catalysts. All these materials need to be sampled and analysed, of course, to determine the metal content (and so the value) of each individual lot. It is clear that heterogeneity rules in this process! Next to the obvious heterogeneity of the material itself, there is also a huge variety e.g. in lot size, in packaging, in physical appearance of the different materials, … which is also to be taken into account during the sampling process. To take all these hurdles, the necessary resources are … unfortunately… – not unlimited.

In this article we will gain more insight on how this complex problem is tackled in practice within Umicore, with respect for the Theory of Sampling. A couple of major specific sampling lines have been developed and designed in particular to be able to deal with the variety in physical appearance of the materials itself. Additionally, a large number of sampling procedures are made up in a modular way, to be able to cope with the necessary flexibility demanded for. Some examples will be illustrated and described more in detail, with specific attention to the most important influencing circumstances. Furthermore, the way the overall performance and quality of this whole process is supervised, will be explained. And finally, we’ll discuss some special cases where“nothing seems to be what expected for”…
Estimation of uncertainty for measuring metals content in waste printed circuit boards
Authors: Habau A. , Touzé S. , Brochot S. , Wavrer P.
Published: May 2022

The amount of waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) currently represent a fast-growing issue that must be properly managed to limit their impact on the environment and human health. Due to their metal content, they can also be considered as a resource. Their characterization is a key point for evaluating different valorisation processes. The conventional methodologies to characterize wastes and/or metal resources are hardly applicable to such waste, as they are highly heterogeneous, difficult to micronize, and their individual components (plastics, glass, ceramics, and metals) are hard to liberate. Thus, in parallel to developing analytical tools that allow their accurate characterization, a sampling strategy suitable for WPCBs must also be established. In this study, an empirical approach was developed that aims at estimating the uncertainty arising from sampling WPCBs. To do so, the duplicate method of uncertainty estimation was followed, to compare the metal content in different sub-samples and to determine confidence intervals.
Mathematical models on COVID-19 in India: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Panchal Sezal , John Denny , Menon Geetha R. , M.S. Narassima , Shaw Tushar
Published: May 2022

Background: More than 278 million cases and more than 5.4 million deaths due to coronavirus disease  (COVID-19) were reported worldwide by the end of 2021. More than 34 million cases and more than 478,000 deaths have been reported in India. Epidemiologists, physicians and virologists are working on a number of conceptual, theoretical or mathematical modelling techniques in the battle against COVID-19. 

Protocol: This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive review of published mathematical models on COVID-19 in India and the concepts behind the development of mathematical models on COVID-19, including assumptions, modelling techniques, and data inputs. Initially, related keywords and their synonyms will be searched in the Global Literature on Coronavirus Disease database managed by World Health Organisation (WHO). The database includes searches of bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE etc.,), preprints (MEDRXIV), manual searching, and the addition of other expert-referred scientific articles. This database is updated daily (Monday through Friday). Two independent reviewers will be involved in screening the titles and abstracts at the first stage and full-texts at the second stage, and they will select studies as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The studies will be selected for their quality, transparency, and ethical aspects, using the Overview, Design concepts, Details (ODD) protocol and International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research-Society for Medical Decision Making (ISPOR-SMDM) guidelines. Data will be extracted using standardized data extraction tools and will be synthesized for analysis. Disagreements will be resolved through discussion, or with a third reviewer.

Conclusions: This systematic review will be performed to critically examine relevant literature of existing mathematical models of COVID-19 in India. The findings will help to understand the concepts behind the development of mathematical models on COVID-19 conducted in India in terms of their assumptions, modelling techniques, and data inputs.
Political, economic, and psychological barriers to an effective climate treaty and sustainable energy: The PEP triangle
Authors: Brandt Urs Steiner , Svendsen Gert Tinggaard
Published: May 2022

The climate change issue has constituted an ongoing political struggle since the first formal international climate negotiations were initiated in 1992 in Rio. It is crucial to understand and solve this collective action problem to pave the road for an effective climate treaty in the future. Thus, we raise the following main research question: How should the political, economic and psychological barriers to an effective climate treaty and sustainable energy be modelled? This 'PEP Triangle' may be applied to better understand and thus improve the ongoing climate negotiations and sustainability. For example, the PEP Triangle may be used in green diplomacy and assist the European External Action Service (EEAS) in accomplishing an effective Paris Treaty.
25 Years of Molecular Psychology: The best is yet to come
Authors: Canli Turhan
Published: May 2022

This editorial defines the scope of the field of Molecular Psychology, which refers to the study of behavior and its underlying neural systems using the toolset of molecular biology, particularly molecular genetics and epigenetics. It is related to other well-established fields that use molecular tools in animal model organisms (Behavioral Neuroscience; Neuroethology) or that focus on molecular mechanisms of human mental health and disease (Molecular Psychiatry; Health Psychology), but extends beyond these fields by its inclusion of broad domains of human behavior; the precise molecular mechanisms by which environmental exposure and experiences modify gene expression; and the ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) of these discoveries. Considering the first 25 years of studies that included candidate gene and genome-wide association studies, I suggest a roadmap for the next decade of work. On the launch of F1000 Molecular Psychology: Brain, Behavior & Society, I hope this publication platform will become instrumental in growing this field by promoting a spirit of support and community among its practitioners, embracing transparency and rigor, and publishing novel ideas and studies ranging from pilot and proof-of-concept first steps to gold-standard definitive milestones.
Determinants of caesarean section delivery: a nationwide study in Indonesia
Authors: Nastiti Aria Aulia , Triharini Mira , Santika Ni Komang Ayu , Dewi Yulis Setiya , Barnawi Najla A , Arifin Hidayat
Published: May 2022

Background

The number of caesarean section deliveries among mothers in Indonesia has increased every year.

Aim

This study was conducted to identify the prevalence and determinants of caesarean section in Indonesia.

Methods

A cross-sectional design using the 2017 Indonesian Demographic Health Survey was conducted. A total of 12 789 mothers were recruited, and bivariate analysis and binary logistic regression were used.

Results

The determinants among women that were significant factors in performing caesarian section deliveries were maternal age >35 years, urban residence, high level of education, poorest wealth index, having more than four visits to antenatal care centres, close proximity to health facilities and first-time birth.

Conclusions

The rate of caesarean section deliveries in Indonesia was 17.7%. Monitoring and evaluation of the increasing number of caesarean sections without medical necessity and the severity of labour is needed.