bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Student engagement with computerized practising: Ability, task value, and difficulty perceptions
Authors: Cornelisz Ilja , van Klaveren Chris
Published: August 2018

A prerequisite for low‐stakes activities to improve learning is to keep students engaged when confronted with challenging material. Comparing a personalized and non‐personalized version of computerized practising, this study experimentally evaluates the relationships between student effort and ability across different dimensions of task perceptions. Students practise longer when the task is perceived to be not too difficult. Students assigned to a personalized version of the tool have a lower success rate while practising, but this does not translate to differences in practice intensity, task perceptions, or summative test scores. In a personalized practising environment, perceived interest and usefulness both have the potential to promote engagement, albeit in different ways. Students with a lower level of subject‐specific ability find the tool more interesting and, particularly, consider the non‐personalized tool difficult but useful. Instead, in the personalized condition, it is the group of students with higher prescores who value the tool as relatively useful. These results indicate that more students will remain engaged with adaptive practising if software takes into account such differences. Multiple approaches and algorithms may thus be necessary to optimally adapt practising to individual learners.
Effects of food substrates and moxidectin on development of black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens
Authors: Alyokhin Andrei , Buzza Aaron , Beaulieu Jack
Published: August 2018

Black soldier fly is a common and widely distributed saprophagous species that has an excellent potential for being used for biological conversion of organic wastes on an industrial scale. The main goal of the reported study was expanding the list of wastes suitable for utilization by this species. We compared larval growth on cull potatoes, horse manure and cafeteria food waste in 100‐L bins in a greenhouse. We also conducted laboratory experiments to investigate whether black soldier fly larvae are affected by the presence of moxidectin, a common endectocide used to treat an array of domestic animals and readily excreted in faeces, in their food substrates. Feeding on potatoes resulted in slower growth, and the final size of potato‐fed larvae was smaller compared to the larvae fed on cafeteria waste. Nevertheless, potatoes supported substantial biomass accumulation, and could be a valuable option for rearing fly larvae for commercial feed production. Larvae feeding on horse manure gained very little weight and eventually failed to pupate. Moxidectin had a strong negative effect on larval survivorship; however, ca. 30% of larvae reared in the substrate containing a realistic field concentration of moxidectin still survived to adulthood. Our findings confirm that using black soldier fly larvae is a promising technology for recycling organic wastes, including those of plant origin.
Spatial and temporal variability of myxozoan parasite, Myxobolus inornatus, prevalence in young of the year smallmouth bass in the Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania
Authors: Schall Megan K. , Blazer Vicki S. , Walsh Heather L. , Smith Geoffrey D. , Wertz Timothy , Wagner Tyler
Published: August 2018

A myxozoan parasite, Myxobolus inornatus, is one disease agent identified in young of the year (YOY) smallmouth bass in the Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania. We investigated spatial and temporal variability in M. Inornatus prevalence across the Susquehanna River Basin and at several out‐of‐basin sites. We examined potential land use drivers of M. Inornatus prevalence including agricultural and developed land use. In 1,267 YOY smallmouth bass collected from 32 sites during 2013–2016, M. Inornatus was documented in 43.6% of samples. Among‐site variability in parasite prevalence was greater than among‐year variability. The effect of agricultural land use on M. Inornatus prevalence had a high probability of being positively correlated at multiple spatial scales (probability of positive effect > 0.80). The effect of developed land use on M. Inornatus prevalence had a relatively high probability of being negatively correlated at multiple spatial scales (probability of negative effect > 0.70). Our results suggest that land use practices could be related to M. Inornatus infection of smallmouth bass. Further study will be necessary to determine whether disease dynamics are a consequence of effects on the host, alterations of instream habitat mediating invertebrate host dynamics and/or survival and dispersal of the parasite infective stage.
Writing a Family Theories Textbook: A Pedagogical Praxis
Authors: Allen Katherine R. , Henderson Angela C.
Published: August 2018

We address the praxis of writing a family theories textbook in the contemporary context of teaching and learning with digital natives. We examine how a feminist, critical, and intersectional perspective on the diverse nature of family experience guided our choices of the classic and emerging theoretical, empirical, and practical exemplars we included. We also address the challenges in writing about the esoteric topic of family theories, including the increasingly prolific scholarship of family theorizing and the need to keep pace with our multimedia‐savvy students.
LiSET: A Framework for Early‐Stage Life Cycle Screening of Emerging Technologies
Authors: Hung Christine Roxanne , Ellingsen Linda Ager‐Wick , Majeau‐Bettez Guillaume
Published: August 2018

While life cycle assessment (LCA) is a tool often used to evaluate the environmental impacts of products and technologies, the amount of data required to perform such studies make the evaluation of emerging technologies using the conventional LCA approach challenging. The development paradox is such that the inputs from a comprehensive environmental assessment has the greatest effect early in the development phase, and yet the data required to perform such an assessment are generally lacking until it is too late. Previous attempts to formalize strategies for performing streamlined or screening LCAs were made in the late 1990s and early 2000s, mostly to rapidly compare the environmental performance of product design candidates. These strategies lack the transparency and consistency required for the environmental screening of large numbers of early‐development candidates, for which data are even sparser. We propose the Lifecycle Screening of Emerging Technologies method (LiSET). LiSET is an adaptable screening‐to‐LCA method that uses the available data to systematically and transparently evaluate the environmental performance of technologies at low readiness levels. Iterations follow technological development and allow a progression to a full LCA if desired. In early iterations, LiSET presents results in a matrix structure combined with a “traffic light” color grading system. This format inherently communicates the high uncertainty of analysis at this stage and presents numerous environmental aspects assessed. LiSET takes advantage of a decomposition analysis and data not traditionally used in LCAs to gain insight to the life cycle impacts and ensure that the most environmentally sustainable technologies are adopted.
New lncRNA annotation reveals extensive functional divergence of the transcriptome in maize
Authors: Han Linqian , Mu Zhenna , Luo Zi , Pan Qingchun , Li Lin
Published: August 2018

Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), whose sequences are approximately 200 bp or longer and unlikely to encode proteins, may play an important role in eukaryotic gene regulation. Although the latest maize (Zea mays L.) reference genome provides an essential genomic resource, genome‐wide annotations of maize lncRNAs have not been updated. Here, we report on a large transcriptomic dataset collected from 749 RNA sequencing experiments across different tissues and stages of the maize reference inbred B73 line and 60 from its wild relative teosinte. We identified 18,165 high‐confidence lncRNAs in maize, of which 6,873 are conserved between maize and teosinte. We uncovered distinct genomic characteristics of conserved lncRNAs, non‐conserved lncRNAs, and protein‐coding transcripts. Intriguingly, Shannon entropy analysis showed that conserved lncRNAs are likely to be expressed similarly to protein‐coding transcripts. Co‐expression network analysis revealed significant variation in the degree of co‐expression. Furthermore, selection analysis indicated that conserved lncRNAs are more likely than non‐conserved lncRNAs to be located in regions subject to recent selection, indicating evolutionary differentiation. Our results provide the latest genome‐wide annotation and analysis of maize lncRNAs and uncover potential functional divergence between protein‐coding, conserved lncRNA, and non‐conserved lncRNA genes, demonstrating the high complexity of the maize transcriptome.
Discovery of a neuroendocrine tumor of the caecum by mammary metastasis using 18F‐DOPA‐PET
Authors: Gornes Hugo , Vaysse Charlotte , Deslandres Marion , Perallon Romain , Chantalat Elodie , Rimailho Jacques
Published: August 2018

Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) develop from the diffuse endocrine system. These are rare tumors that can affect diverse organs. We present here the case of a 42‐year‐old female patient in whom a NET of the breast was discovered that was likely not of mammary origin. The main challenge was finding the primary tumor using immunohistochemistry and specific medical imaging modalities for NET. The primary tumor was localized at the last ileal loop upstream of the Bauhin valve thanks to the use of 18F‐DOPA‐PET. Ileocaecal resection by laparoscopy was performed. A WHO grade 2 NET of the ileum measuring 2.2 cm × 1.5 cm was found that infiltrated the submucosa with six metastatic lymph nodes of the eight removed (6N+/8).

This unusual clinical case is the first one of a digestive NET of the ileum‐caecal junction by mammary metastasis.
Learning by Preparing‐to‐Teach and Teaching: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Kobayashi Keiichi
Published: August 2018

The present research meta‐analytically examined the effects of preparing‐to‐teach and subsequent teaching (relative to mere studying without teaching expectancy) on the acquisition of domain knowledge. The synthesis of 28 studies indicated that the estimated effect sizes (Hedges' gs) were 0.35 for preparing‐to‐teach and 0.56 for teaching with preparing‐to‐teach. Both preparing‐to‐teach and teaching with preparing‐to‐teach were effective in promoting deep learning (as well as surface learning) and even after a delay. The learning benefits of teaching with preparing‐to‐teach were larger when students expected and engaged in an interactive teaching activity than when they expected and engaged in a non‐interactive teaching activity. The mere expectation of interactive teaching also produced larger learning effects than the expectation of non‐interactive teaching. These results suggest that preparing‐to‐teach and teaching, interactive teaching after preparing to do so in particular, are useful for enhancing learning.
The Influence of Institutional Salience on Political Attitudes and Activism among Catholic Priests in the United States
Authors: Calfano Brian R. , Oldmixon Elizabeth A.
Published: August 2018

What motivates clergy political attitudes and behavior? We investigate this using a questions‐as‐treatment randomized experiment focusing on Roman Catholic priests in the United States. Our results suggest substantial utility in using a question frame referencing the distinct institutional expectations that clergy regularly confront. Specifically, when randomly primed to consider the expectations of institutional reference groups, clergy exhibit significantly higher levels of conservatism and report higher levels of political engagement, which is in line with their church's institutional preferences more generally. Our findings underscore the need for experimental methodology to make increased inroads into understanding political outcomes in religious contexts.
Affine multiple yield curve models
Authors: Cuchiero Christa , Fontana Claudio , Gnoatto Alessandro
Published: August 2018

We provide a general and tractable framework under which all multiple yield curve modeling approaches based on affine processes, be it short rate, Libor market, or Heath–Jarrow–Morton modeling, can be consolidated. We model a numéraire process and multiplicative spreads between Libor rates and simply compounded overnight indexed swap rates as functions of an underlying affine process. Besides allowing for ordered spreads and an exact fit to the initially observed term structures, this general framework leads to tractable valuation formulas for caplets and swaptions and embeds all existing multicurve affine models. The proposed approach also gives rise to new developments, such as a short rate type model driven by a Wishart process, for which we derive a closed‐form pricing formula for caplets. The empirical performance of two specifications of our framework is illustrated by calibration to market data.
When Diabetes Confronts HIV: Biological Sub‐citizenship at a Public Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Bosire Edna , Mendenhall Emily , Omondi Gregory Barnabas , Ndetei David
Published: August 2018

This article investigates how international donor policies cultivate a form of biological sub‐citizenship for those with diabetes in Kenya. We interviewed 100 patients at a public hospital clinic in Nairobi, half with a diabetes diagnosis. We focus on three vignettes that illustrate how our study participants differentially perceived and experienced living with and seeking treatment and care for diabetes compared to other conditions, with a special focus on HIV. We argue that biological sub‐citizenship, where those with HIV have consistent and comprehensive free medical care and those with diabetes must pay out‐of‐pocket for testing and treatment, impedes diabetes testing and treatment. Once diagnosed, many are then systematically excluded from the health care system due to their own inability to pay. We argue that the systematic exclusion from international donor money creates a form of biological sub‐citizenship based on neoliberal economic policies that undermine other public health protections, such as universal primary health care.
Play and Liturgy Towards a Transcendental Sense of the Experience of the Mystery
Authors: Zizic Ivica
Published: August 2018

In The Spirit of Liturgy, Romano Guardini argued that liturgy is a playful activity. But one may ask, can liturgy really be analysed in light of the experience of play? This question opens up different theoretical problems, which range from a fundamental understanding of play and its celebratory spirit to a consideration of liturgy as an event of the divine Mystery. In this paper, I will therefore explore the nature of Christian ritual performance, drawing on a phenomenological analysis of the connections between play and liturgy in the process, before concluding that the liturgy – from a transcendental perspective – is in fact a playful activity. The argument will thus include a study of the particularity and difference of the original ritual patterns and the universe of play, thereby bringing into focus the interplay between the sense of rite and the experience of play. In such a way, I will show that play provides us with one of the possible ways of approaching the essence of the Christian ritual celebration as a transcendental experience of Mystery, as well as shedding light on the interrelation between homo ludens and homo liturgicus.
Anesthetic considerations for scoliosis surgery in a patient with recessive severe/lethal form of osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Chin Joel W. E. , Stuart Grant M.
Published: August 2018

Osteogenesis imperfecta is a heterogeneous genetic disorder characterized by bone fragility, with disease ranging from mild fractures to death in utero. We describe a child with autosomal recessive osteogenesis imperfecta type VIII (severe or lethal phenotype), who successfully underwent posterior spinal fusion, was extubated on postoperative day 1 and discharged home 25 days later. Recently identified recessive forms of osteogenesis imperfecta are associated with severe/lethal phenotype. Special consideration is needed in scoliosis surgery, with challenges arising from prone positioning, neurophysiology monitoring, and blood loss.
Analysis of the putative tumor suppressor gene cdkn2ab in pigment cells and melanoma of Xiphophorus and medaka
Authors: Regneri Janine , Klotz Barbara , Wilde Brigitta , Kottler Verena A. , Hausmann Michael , Kneitz Susanne , Regensburger Martina , Maurus Katja , Götz Ralph , Lu Yuan , Walter Ronald B. , Herpin Amaury , Schartl Manfred
Published: August 2018

In humans, the CDKN2A locus encodes two transcripts, INK4A and ARF. Inactivation of either one by mutations or epigenetic changes is a frequent signature of malignant melanoma and one of the most relevant entry points for melanomagenesis. To analyze whether cdkn2ab, the fish ortholog of CDKN2A, has a similar function as its human counterpart, we studied its action in fish models for human melanoma. Overexpression of cdkn2ab in a Xiphophorus melanoma cell line led to decreased proliferation and induction of a senescence‐like phenotype, indicating a melanoma‐suppressive function analogous to mammals. Coexpression of Xiphophorus cdkn2ab in medaka transgenic for the mitfa:xmrk melanoma‐inducing gene resulted in full suppression of melanoma development, whereas CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of cdkn2ab resulted in strongly enhanced tumor growth. In summary, this provides the first functional evidence that cdkn2ab acts as a potent tumor suppressor gene in fish melanoma models.
Development and validation of the Vitiligo Extent Score for a Target Area (VESTA) to assess the treatment response of a target lesion
Authors: Bae Jung Min , Oh Sang Ho , Kang Hee Young , Ryoo Young Wook , Lan Cheng‐Che E. , Xiang Lei‐Hong , Kim Ki‐Ho , Suzuki Tamio , Katayama Ichiro , Lee Seung‐Chul ,   the East Asia Vitiligo Association
Published: August 2018

Since localized treatment for vitiligo is as essential as systemic treatment, a reliable instrument for target evaluation is needed besides those for whole body evaluation. We developed the Vitiligo Extent Score for a Target Area (VESTA) using reference images of both marginal and perifollicular repigmentation to measure the repigmentation rate (%) in a target lesion. In the validation study, a total of 65 dermatologists in 10 institutes evaluated 17 pairs of vitiligo images (pre‐ and post‐treatment) using both a rough estimate and the VESTA. The VESTA (concordance correlation coefficient: 0.949, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.942–0.955) was significantly more accurate than the rough estimate (0.896, 95% CI: 0.883–0.908). It was also associated with better inter‐rater reliability over the rough estimate, albeit not significant. The VESTA can afford intuitive, convenient, and reliable assessment of the treatment response in a target area, and would be useful in clinical practice as well as retrospective studies.
Assumed similarity in personality within intimate relationships
Authors: Liu Jie , Ludeke Steven , Zettler Ingo
Published: August 2018

Assumed similarity is the tendency to assume that another person is similar to oneself. The present studies examined assumed similarity in intimate relationships regarding the HEXACO personality traits in Denmark (N = 93) and China (N = 236). Specifically, these studies hypothesized that people assume higher similarity with their intimate partners in Honesty‐Humility and Openness to Experience compared to the other four HEXACO traits (Emotionality, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness). Results from both studies indicate that assumed similarity was higher in Honesty‐Humility compared to Emotionality, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. However, assumed similarity in Openness was higher compared to Emotionality and Conscientiousness only. Supplementary analyses indicate no cultural differences between Denmark and China in assumed similarity in Honesty‐Humility and Openness.
Natural hybridisation amongQuercus glabrescens,Q. rugosaandQ. obtusata(Fagaceae): Microsatellites and secondary metabolites markers
Authors: Castillo‐Mendoza E. , Salinas‐Sánchez D. , Valencia‐Cuevas L. , Zamilpa A. , Tovar‐Sánchez E.
Published: August 2018

Natural hybridisation has significant ecological, genetic and evolutionary consequences altering morphological and chemical characters of individuals.Quercus glabrescens,Q. rugosaandQ. obtusataare white oak species well separated by their morphological characters when they occur in allopatry in Mexican temperate forests. However, in sympatry, individuals with atypical morphology have been observed, suggesting hybridisation events.

In this study, we determined, with microsatellites and secondary metabolites, if interspecific gene flow occurs when these three oak species coexist in sympatry. In total, 180 individuals belonging to seven populations [three allopatric (one for each parental species) and four sympatric sites] were analysed.

Allopatric populations represent well‐defined genetic groups and the sympatric populations showed genetic evidence of hybridisation betweenQ. glabrescens × Q. rugosaandQ. glabrescens × Q. obtusata. The hybridisation percentage varied between sites and combination of involved species. We registered the presence of unique flavonoid compounds forQ.glabrescens(caffeic acid and flavonol 2),Q. rugosa(flavonol 5) andQ. obtusata(flavonol 1). Three compounds (quercetin rhamnoside, flavonol 3 and alkyl coumarate) were expressed in all taxa. Finally, the hybrid genotypes identified in this study (Q. glabrescens × Q. rugosaandQ. glabrescens × Q. obtusata) showed specific chemical profiles, resulting from a combination of those of their parental species.

These results show that hybridisation events between these oak species alter chemical expression of secondary metabolites, creating a mosaic of resources and conditions that provide the substrate for different combinations of foliar‐associated species such as herbivores, endophytic fungi or epiphyte plants.
Morphology and phylogeny of an unarmored dinoflagellate, Karlodinium jejuense sp. nov. (Gymnodiniales), isolated from the northern East China Sea
Authors: Li Zhun , Shin Hyeon Ho
Published: August 2018

An unarmored dinoflagellate, Karlodinium jejuense sp. nov., was isolated from the northern East China Sea. The species was characterized by light, fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy of laboratory cultures, as well as SSU rDNA, ITS region (ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2) and LSU rDNA gene sequences. Cells were ellipsoid to oval, small‐sized, 9.9–16.0 μm in length and 6.2–12.7 μm in width. The chloroplasts were 7–10 in number and yellow‐green in color. The central nucleus was large, located in the center of the cell. The linear apical groove with outward thick rolled margins was very short, and there was no ventral pore. Small pores were irregularly distributed on the cell surface. The amphiesmal vesicles were hexagonal and pentagonal. Karlodinium jejuense was morphologically similar to K. ballantinum but differed in cell surface characteristics and swimming pattern. The partial LSU sequence of K. jejuense differed by 3.7–4.1% from that of K. ballantinum. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of multi‐gene sequences revealed that K. jejuense was an independent species nested within the Karlodinium clade. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial LSU rDNA gene sequences indicated that K. jejuense was most closely related to K. gentienii and K. ballantinum.
The HLA‐C*07:478 allele identified in a volunteer donor for hematopoietic stem cell transplant
Authors: Baek In‐Cheol , Choi Eun‐Jeong , Shin Dong‐Hwan , Kim Hyoung‐Jae , Kim Tai‐Gyu
Published: August 2018

HLA‐C*07:478 differs from HLA‐C*07:02:01:01 in codon 81 in exon 2.
The HLA‐C*06:66 allele identified in a volunteer donor for hematopoietic stem cell transplant
Authors: Baek In‐Cheol , Choi Eun‐Jeong , Shin Dong‐Hwan , Kim Hyoung‐Jae , Kim Tai‐Gyu
Published: August 2018

HLA‐C*06:66 differs from HLA‐C*06:02:01:01 in codon 151 in exon 3.
Insertion of a transposon‐like sequence in the 5′‐flanking region of the YUCCA gene causes the stony hard phenotype
Authors: Tatsuki Miho , Soeno Kazuo , Shimada Yukihisa , Sawamura Yutaka , Suesada Yuko , Yaegaki Hideaki , Sato Akiko , Kakei Yusuke , Nakamura Ayako , Bai Songling , Moriguchi Takaya , Nakajima Naoko
Published: August 2018

Melting‐flesh peaches produce large amounts of ethylene, resulting in rapid fruit softening at the late‐ripening stage. In contrast, stony hard peaches do not soften and produce little ethylene. The indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) level in stony hard peaches is low at the late‐ripening stage, resulting in low ethylene production and inhibition of fruit softening. To elucidate the mechanism of low IAA concentration in stony hard peaches, endogenous levels of IAA and IAA intermediates or metabolites were analysed by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Although the IAA level was low, the indole‐3‐pyruvic acid (IPyA) level was high in stony hard peaches at the ripening stage. These results indicate that YUCCA activity is reduced in ripening stony hard peaches. The expression of one of the YUCCA isogenes in peach, PpYUC11, was suppressed in ripening stony hard peaches. Furthermore, an insertion of a transposon‐like sequence was found upstream of the PpYUC11 gene in the 5′‐flanking region. Analyses of the segregation ratio of the stony hard phenotype and genotype in F1 progenies indicated that the transposon‐inserted allele of PpYUC11, hd‐t, correlated with the stony hard phenotype. On the basis of the above findings, we propose that the IPyA pathway (YUCCA pathway) is the main auxin biosynthetic pathway in ripening peaches of ‘Akatsuki’ and ‘Manami’ cultivars. Because IAA is not supplied from storage forms, IAAde novo synthesis via the IPyA pathway (YUCCA pathway) in mesocarp tissues is responsible for auxin generation to support fruit softening, and its disruption can lead to the stony hard phenotype.
Effect of Dynamic Geometry Software on 3-Dimensional Geometric Shape Drawing Skills
Authors: Kepceoğlu İbrahim
Published: August 2018

In order to be able to draw accurately and to interpret the drawings properly, the skills of the students' drawing skills and therefore spatial visualization and spatial orientation must be developed. The studies in the literature are mostly concerned with examining the spatial skills of students with various models or investigating the effects of different methods and techniques on the spatial skills of students. For this reason, the effect of dynamic geometry software on the three-dimensional shapes of elementary school mathematics teacher candidates has been examined in this study. The mixed method research paradigm is chosen as the methodology of this study. This research involves two parts: the first is, under quantitative paradigm, the true experiment and the second is, under qualitative paradigm, case study. In the true experimental design. 30 pre-service elementary mathematic teachers are divided randomly into two groups as control and experiment group. 15 pre-service teachers in the experiment group participated to the Cabri 3D Plus workshop for 3 weeks. According to the results of the research, it is revealed that the candidates of the Cabri 3D program have an effect on the drawing of three dimensional geometric shapes.
Echolocation and flight behavior of the bat Hipposideros armiger terasensis in a structured corridor
Authors: Warnecke Michaela , Falk Benjamin , Moss Cynthia F.
Published: August 2018

In this study, the echolocation and flight behaviors of the Taiwanese leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros armiger terasensis), which uses constant-frequency (CF) biosonar signals combined with a frequency-modulated (FM) sweep, are compared with those of the big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus), which uses FM signals alone. The CF-FM bat flew through a corridor bounded by vertical poles on either side, and the inter-pole spacing of the walls was manipulated to create different echo flow conditions. The bat's flight trajectories and echolocation behaviors across corridor conditions were analyzed. Like the big brown bat, the Taiwanese leaf-nosed bat centered its flight trajectory within the corridor when the pole spacing was the same on the two walls. However, the two species showed different flight behaviors when the pole spacing differed on the two walls. While the big brown bat deviated from the corridor center towards the wall with sparse pole spacing, the Taiwanese leaf-nosed bat did not. Further, in comparison to E. fuscus, H. a. terasensis utilized different echolocation patterns showing a prevalence of grouping sounds into clusters of three. These findings indicate that the two species' distinct sonar signal designs contribute to their differences in flight trajectories in a structured corridor.
Inclusion and Normalization of Queer Identities in Women’s College Sport
Authors: Mann Mallory , Krane Vikki
Published: August 2018

While recent studies paint an optimistic picture of acceptance and inclusion of queer athletes, it would be naive to assume homonegativism no longer exists. In this study, we interviewed 13 queer female athletes to understand their college team sport climates and how heteronormativity is reinforced and confronted in women’s college sport. Using a feminist cultural studies approach, two types of team climates emerged from the data: inclusive climates and transitioning climates. On inclusive teams, queer and heterosexual members overtly communicated their norm of inclusion to new teammates, normalized diverse sexualities, and consistently engaged in inclusive behaviors. Transitioning teams were described as neither inclusive nor hostile initially, and, while they did not have a history of inclusion, they transitioned to becoming more outwardly accepting of diverse sexual identities. On transitioning teams, queer athletes surveyed the landscape before sharing their sexual orientation, after which the team evolved to become inclusive. All the athletes talked about awkward moments, occasional incidents of nonsupport, and the benefits of inclusion. These findings reveal emerging cracks in hegemonic heteronormativity in women’s sport, especially among athletes.
Superconducting cavity electro-optics: A platform for coherent photon conversion between superconducting and photonic circuits
Authors: Fan Linran , Zou Chang-Ling , Cheng Risheng , Guo Xiang , Han Xu , Gong Zheng , Wang Sihao , Tang Hong X.
Published: August 2018

Electro-optical chips promise a quantum link between electronic and optical circuits.
High-efficiency large-area perovskite photovoltaic modules achieved via electrochemically assembled metal-filamentary nanoelectrodes
Authors: Hong Soonil , Lee Jinho , Kang Hongkyu , Kim Geunjin , Kee Seyoung , Lee Jong-Hoon , Jung Suhyun , Park Byoungwook , Kim Seok , Back Hyungcheol , Yu Kilho , Lee Kwanghee
Published: August 2018

We devised an electrochemical patterning process for large-area perovskite photovoltaic modules.
Identifying Vancomycin as an Effective Antibiotic for Killing Borrelia burgdorferi
Authors: Wu Xiaoqian , Sharma Bijaya , Niles Samantha , O'Connor Kathleen , Schilling Rebecca , Matluck Nicole , D'Onofrio Anthony , Hu Linden T. , Lewis Kim
Published: August 2018

Borrelia burgdorferi
is the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis. Antibiotic therapy of early acute infection is effective for most patients, but 10 to 20% go on to develop posttreatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS).
Brucella Hijacks Host-Mediated Palmitoylation To Stabilize and Localize PrpA to the Plasma Membrane
Authors: Spera Juan M. , Guaimas Francisco , Corvi María M. , Ugalde Juan E.
Published: August 2018

Brucellaceae
are a group of pathogenic intracellular bacteria with the ability to modulate the host response, both at the individual cell level and systemically. One of the hallmarks of the virulence process is the capacity of the bacteria to downregulate the adaptive and acquired host immune response through a plethora of virulence factors that directly impact several key signaling cascades.
The Rnf Complex Is an Energy-Coupled Transhydrogenase Essential To Reversibly Link Cellular NADH and Ferredoxin Pools in the Acetogen Acetobacterium woodii
Authors: Westphal Lars , Wiechmann Anja , Baker Jonathan , Minton Nigel P. , Müller Volker
Published: August 2018

Ferredoxin and NAD
+
are key electron carriers in anaerobic bacteria, but energetically, they are not equivalent, since the redox potential of ferredoxin is lower than that of the NADH/NAD
+
couple. We describe by mutant studies in
Acetobacterium woodii
that the main function of Rnf is to energetically link cellular pools of ferredoxin and NAD
+
. When ferredoxin is greater than NADH, exergonic electron flow from ferredoxin to NAD
+
generates a chemiosmotic potential. This is essential for energy conservation during autotrophic growth. When NADH is greater than ferredoxin, Rnf works in reverse. This reaction is essential for growth on low-energy substrates to provide reduced ferredoxin, indispensable for biosynthesis and CO
2
reduction. Our studies put a new perspective on the cellular function of the membrane-bound ion-translocating Rnf complex widespread in bacteria.
Comparative Evaluation of QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube and QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus in Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Immunocompromised Patients
Authors: Ryu Mi Ra , Park Min-Seung , Cho Eun Hye , Jung Chul Won , Kim Kihyun , Kim Seok Jin , Oh Ha Young , Huh Wooseong , Jang Hye Ryoun , Koh Won-Jung , Park Hye Yun , Kim Young-Ho , Sinn Dong Hyun , Choi Jin-Oh , Joh Jae-Won , Kim Jong Man , Kim Sung Joo , Park Jae Berm , Kang Eun-Suk
Published: August 2018

QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) is a new-generation QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) assay which has two antigen-coated tubes called TB1, which contains long peptides derived from ESAT-6 and CFP-10, and TB2, which contains the same components as TB1 and additional short peptides which potentially stimulate CD8
+
T cells through the presentation of major histocompatibility complex class I. This is the first study to compare QFT-Plus and QFT-GIT for use in the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among immunocompromised patients in the Republic of Korea.
Citrus Psorosis Virus Movement Protein Contains an Aspartic Protease Required for Autocleavage and the Formation of Tubule-Like Structures at Plasmodesmata
Authors: Robles Luna Gabriel , Peña Eduardo José , Borniego María Belén , Heinlein Manfred , García María Laura
Published: August 2018

Infection by citrus psorosis virus (CPsV) involves a self-cleaving aspartic protease activity within the viral movement protein (MP), which results in the production of two peptides, termed 34K
CPsV
and 20K
CPsV
, that carry the MP and viral protease activities, respectively. The underlying protease motif within the MP is also found in the MPs of other members of the
Aspiviridae
family, suggesting that protease-mediated protein processing represents a conserved mechanism of protein expression in this virus family. The results also demonstrate that CPsV and potentially other ophioviruses move by a tubule-guided mechanism. Although several viruses from different genera were shown to use this mechanism for cell-to-cell movement, our results also demonstrate that this mechanism is controlled by posttranslational protein cleavage. Moreover, given that tubule formation and virus movement could be inhibited by a mutation in the protease motif, targeting the protease activity for inactivation could represent an important approach for ophiovirus control.
Fundus examination of 199 851 newborns by digital imaging in China: a multicentre cross-sectional study
Authors: Tang He , Li Na , Li Zhan , Zhang Meiju , Wei Meirong , Huang Changbing , Wang Jihong , Li Fuxin , Wang Hong , Liu Zijiang , He Liying , Cheng Yangyang , Chen Wei , Jin Liwen , Gong Limin , Lu Jun , Xue Yan , Su Manxiang , Wang Yanhong , Mo Haiming , Chen Zhenwen , Guo Wei , Li Yun , Pan Hong , Zhang Wei , Ma Xu , Jin Xi , Wang Binbin ,   On behalf of The collaborating group of neonatal ocular birth defects and genetic diseases in China
Published: August 2018

Background

The prevalence of ocular abnormalities of newborn in China has seldom been reported. To report the implementation of digital imaging in ocular screening of all newborns in multiple centres in China and to describe the abnormal findings of fundus examination, we did the cross-sectional study.

Methods

Fundus examinations were performed on newborns within the 42 days after birth using a RetCam wide-field digital imaging system. Digital images of the posterior pole, superior, nasal and temporal retinal fields of each participant were taken. All newborns were from eights centres across China from January 2009 to July 2017.

Results

A total of 199 851 newborns were included in the study. We detected 18 198 (9.11%) abnormal cases. The most frequent abnormality was severe retinal haemorrhage (RH) found in 12 810 cases (6.41%). The other anomalies included familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, abnormal fundus pigmentation, subconjunctival haemorrhage, choroidal coloboma, idiopathic retinal venous tortuosity, exudative changes and other anomalies with uncertain identities.

Conclusion

This large-scale study of newborn fundus examination showed a relatively high prevalence of ocular abnormalities. Hundreds of neonates with rare disorders that severely impair ocular health were also detected at an early age. The long-term impact of other anomalies including RHs on the ocular system should be investigated by a perspective study. Our study suggested that fundus examination of newborns can play a beneficial role in ocular health.
Repeatability and comparability of peripapillary vessel density measurements of high-density and non-high-density optical coherence tomography angiography scans in normal and glaucoma eyes
Authors: Venugopal Jayasree P , Rao Harsha Laxmana , Weinreb Robert N , Dasari Srilakshmi , Riyazuddin Mohammed , Pradhan Zia Sultan , Puttaiah Narendra K , Devi Sathi , Mansouri Kaweh , Webers Carroll A B
Published: August 2018

Aims

To compare the peripapillary vessel density (VD) measurements of high-density (HD) and non-HD optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) scans in normal and glaucoma eyes, and to evaluate the intrasession repeatability of VD measurements of HD scans.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study, 46 normal (33 subjects) and 89 glaucoma (64 patients) eyes underwent 3 HD and 1 non-HD optic nerve head OCTA scans in the same session. Agreement in VD measurements between HD and non-HD scans was assessed using Bland and Altman analysis. Repeatability of the VD measurements of HD scans was assessed using within-subject coefficient of repeatability (CRw) and variation (CVw).

Results

The mean difference in the VDs ranged between 0.7% (temporal sector VD) and 2.0% (inferonasal sector VD), with HD scans showing significantly greater VD values than non-HD scans. The 95% limits of agreement (LoA) in glaucoma eyes ranged between −2.0% and 5.0% for whole enface VD and between −4.8% and 9.6% for superotemporal VD. CRw (%) and CVw (%) of VD measurements of HD scans ranged from 3.0 to 4.9 and from 2.0 to 3.1 in normal eyes. The same ranged from 3.2 to 6.7 and from 2.6 to 4.8, respectively, in glaucoma eyes.

Conclusions

VD of HD scans was higher than that of non-HD scans. The wide 95% LoA indicates that the VD measurements of HD and non-HD scans cannot be used interchangeably. Test–retest repeatability of VDs on HD scans was as high as 6%. These results should be considered while using OCTA for longitudinal evaluation of glaucoma.
Homozygous variants in KIAA1549, encoding a ciliary protein, are associated with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: de Bruijn Suzanne E , Verbakel Sanne K , de Vrieze Erik , Kremer Hannie , Cremers Frans P M , Hoyng Carel B , van den Born L Ingeborgh , Roosing Susanne
Published: August 2018

Background

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) shows substantial genetic heterogeneity. It has been estimated that in approximately 60%–80% of RP cases, the genetic diagnosis can be found using whole exome sequencing (WES). In this study, the purpose was to identify causative variants in individuals with genetically unexplained retinal disease, which included one consanguineous family with two affected siblings and one case with RP.

Methods

To identify the genetic defect, WES was performed in both probands, and clinical analysis was performed. To obtain insight into the function of KIAA1549 in photoreceptors, mRNA expression, knockdown and protein localisation studies were performed.

Results

Through analysis of WES data, based on population allele frequencies, and in silico prediction tools, we identified a homozygous missense variant and a homozygous frameshift variant in KIAA1549 that segregate in two unrelated families. Kiaa1549 was found to localise at the connecting cilium of the photoreceptor cells and the synapses of the mouse retina. Both variants affect the long transcript of KIAA1549, which encodes a 1950 amino acid protein and shows prominent brain expression. The shorter transcript encodes a 734 amino acid protein with a high retinal expression and is affected by the identified missense variant. Strikingly, knockdown of the long transcript also leads to decreased expression of the short transcript likely explaining the non-syndromic retinal phenotype caused by the two variants targeting different transcripts.

Conclusion

In conclusion, our results underscore the causality of segregating variants in KIAA1549 for autosomal recessive RP. Moreover, our data indicate that KIAA1549 plays a role in photoreceptor function.
Difference between recommended retail price and sales price for tobacco products in independent and convenience (small) retailers before and after the introduction of standardised tobacco packaging in the UK
Authors: Critchlow Nathan , Stead Martine , Moodie Crawford , Angus Kathryn , Eadie Douglas , MacKintosh Anne-Marie
Published: August 2018

Aim

Recommended retail price (RRP) is a marketing strategy used by tobacco companies to maintain competitiveness, communicate product positioning and drive sales. We explored small retailer adherence to RRP before and after the introduction of the Standardised Packaging of Tobacco Products Regulations in the UK (fully implemented on 20 May 2017) which mandated standardised packaging of cigarettes and rolling tobacco, set minimum pack/pouch sizes and prohibited price-marking.

Method

Monthly electronic point of sale data from 500 small retailers in England, Scotland and Wales were analysed. From May 2016 to October 2017, we monitored 20 of the best-selling fully branded tobacco products (15 factory-made cigarettes, 5 rolling tobacco) and their standardised equivalents. Adherence to RRP was measured as the average difference (%) between monthly RRPs and sales prices by pack type (fully branded vs standardised), price-marking on packaging and price segment.

Results

The average difference between RRP and sales price increased from +0.36% above RRP (SD=0.72) in May 2016, when only fully branded packs were sold, to +1.37% in October 2017 (SD=0.30), when standardised packs were mandatory. Increases above RRP for fully branded packs increased as they were phased out, with deviation greater for non-price-marked packs and premium products.

Discussion

Despite tobacco companies emphasising the importance of RRP, small retailers implemented small increases above RRP as standardised packaging was introduced. Consequently, any intended price changes by tobacco companies in response to the legislation (ie, to increase affordability or brand positioning) may be confounded by retailer behaviour, and such deviation may increase consumer price sensitivity.
Larval and adult fish assemblages along the Northwest Passage: the shallow Kitikmeot and the ice-covered Parry Channel as potential barriers to dispersal
Authors: Bouchard Caroline , Geoffroy Maxime , LeBlanc Mathieu , Fortier Louis
Published: August 2018

Climate warming and sea ice decline are expected to increase fish population movements in the circumpolar Arctic, including across the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). Knowledge gaps on present distribution, habitat uses, barriers to dispersal, and population connectivity along the Northwest Passage (NWP) limit science-based management of fish in the North American Arctic. Pelagic trawl, bottom trawl, and ichthyoplankton net collections from the US Beaufort Sea to Baffin Bay between 2005 and 2017 are used to map fish distribution along the NWP and identify potential zoogeographic barriers. In the Kitikmeot (southern CAA), the combination of shallow depths, sub-zero temperatures and slow water circulation may represent a physical barrier reducing the dispersal of marine fish between western and eastern regions. In contrast, the Parry Channel (northern CAA) may exemplify a disappearing sea ice barrier as climate warming unfolds and allow new genetic exchanges.
Quantifying 87Sr/86Sr temporal stability and spatial heterogeneity for use in tracking fish movement
Authors: Ciepiela Lindsy R. , Walters Annika W.
Published: August 2018

The specificity and accuracy of inferred fish origin and movement relies on describing spatial heterogeneity and temporal stability of environmental signatures. But the cost and logistics of sample collection often precludes the complete quantification of environmental signature temporal stability and spatial heterogeneity. We used repeated sampling and a novel approach (Bayesian ridge regression, BRR) to quantify the temporal stability and spatial heterogeneity of 87Sr/86Sr, respectively. We explained 86% of observed variation in 87Sr/86Sr using a BRR model and estimated 87Sr/86Sr throughout the Upper North Platte River Basin with high accuracy (±0.00106). Year to year variation in 87Sr/86Sr signatures ranged from 0.00007 to 0.00073 (SD), while seasonal variation ranged from 0.00091 to 0.00134 (SD). We then assessed the specificity and discussed the accuracy of inferring movement using three scenarios of described spatial heterogeneity. Our results indicate reliable inference of fish movement requires comprehensive quantification of spatial heterogeneity and temporal variation in environmental signatures.
Distribution of epicormic branches and foliage on Douglas-fir as influenced by adjacent canopy gaps
Authors: Punches John W. , Puettmann Klaus J.
Published: August 2018

The influence of adjacent canopy gaps on spatial distribution of epicormic branches and delayed foliage (originating from dormant buds) was investigated in 65-year-old coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). Sample trees were selected across a broad range of local densities (adjacent canopy gap sizes) from a repeatedly thinned stand in which gaps had been created 12 years prior to our study. Lengths and stem locations of original and epicormic branches were measured within the south-facing crown quadrant, along with extents to which branches were occupied by sequential (produced in association with terminal bud elongation) and (or) delayed foliage. Epicormic branches, while prevalent throughout crowns, contributed only 10% of total branch length and 2% of total foliage mass. In contrast, delayed foliage occupied over 75% of total branch length, accounted for nearly 39% of total foliage mass, and often overlapped with sequential foliage. Canopy gap size did not influence original or epicormic branch length or location. On original branches, larger gaps may have modestly negatively influenced the relative extent of sequential foliage on branches and (or) slightly positively influenced delayed foliage mass. Delayed foliage appears to contribute substantially to Douglas-fir crown maintenance at this tree age, but canopy gap size had a minor influence, at least in the short term.