bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variation in outcomes with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the era of coronavirus: A multicenter cohort evaluation
Authors: Stammers Alfred H , Tesdahl Eric A , Sestokas Anthony K , Mongero Linda B , Patel Kirti , Barletti Shannon , Firstenberg Michael S , St. Louis James D , Jain Ankit , Bailey Caryl , Jacobs Jeffrey P , Weinstein Samuel
Published: August 2022

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is used in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with acute respiratory distress syndrome unresponsive to other interventions. However, a COVID-19 infection may result in a differential tolerance to both medical treatment and ECMO management. The aim of this study was to compare outcomes (mortality, organ failure, circuit complications) in patients on ECMO with and without COVID-19 infection, either by venovenous (VV) or venoarterial (VA) cannulation. This is a multicenter, retrospective analysis of a national database of patients placed on ECMO between May 2020 and January 2022 within the United States. Nine-hundred thirty patients were classified as either Pulmonary (PULM, n = 206), Cardiac (CARD, n = 279) or COVID-19 (COVID, n = 445). Patients were younger in COVID groups: PULM = 48.4 ± 15.8 years versus COVID = 44.9 ± 12.3 years, p = 0.006, and CARD = 57.9 ± 15.4 versus COVID = 46.5 ± 11.8 years, p < 0.001. Total hours on ECMO were greatest for COVID patients with a median support time two-times higher for VV support (365 [101, 657] hours vs 183 [63, 361], p < 0.001), and three times longer for VA support (212 [99, 566] hours vs 70 [17, 159], p < 0.001). Mortality was highest for COVID patients for both cannulation types (VA-70% vs 51% in CARD, p = 0.041, and VV-59% vs PULM-42%, p < 0.001). For VA supported patients hepatic failure was more often seen with COVID patients, while for VV support renal failure was higher. Circuit complications were more frequent in the COVID group as compared to both CARD and PULM with significantly higher circuit change-outs, circuit thromboses and oxygenator failures. Anticoagulation with direct thrombin inhibitors was used more often in COVID compared to both CARD (31% vs 10%, p = 0.002) and PULM (43% vs 15%, p < 0.001) groups. This multicenter observational study has shown that COVID patients on ECMO had higher support times, greater hospital mortality and higher circuit complications, when compared to patients managed for either cardiac or pulmonary lesions.
Differences between sexes in patients who underwent total arch replacement and frozen elephant trunk procedures for acute dissection
Authors: Wang Zeling , Xue Yuan , Qian Sichong , Liu Yongmin , Zhu Junming , Sun Lizhong , Zhang Hongjia , Li Haiyang
Published: August 2022

Objective

To analyze the effect of sex on the short-time prognosis in two different age subgroups (≤55 years old and >55 years old).

Methods

From January 2009 to 2019, 1522 patients with DeBakey I acute aortic dissection (AAD) underwent frozen elephant trunk and total arch replacement at a Tertiary Center in China were divided into female group ( n = 324) and male group ( n = 1198). The demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, management, short-term outcomes were described in the different sex groups. The risk factors of 30-days mortality for females and males were identified by univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Then, random Forest regression was used to analyze the association between age and 30-days mortality in the different sexes groups. The cut-off age for 30-days mortality in females was then identified as 55 years. The patients were divided into two subgroups: young patients (≤55 years old) and elderly patients (>55 years old). Clinical prognosis between different sex groups was further compared in the age subgroups.

Results

Approximately four-fifths of the patients were males. Males with DeBakey I AAD were younger than females (47 vs 52 years; p < 0.01). The proportion of males gradually declined with age. The cut-off age for 30-days mortality in females and males was identified as 55 years old and 63 years old, respectively. In young patients (≤55 years old), the 30-days mortality rate for females was lower than males (hazard ratio [HR, 2.02, p < 0.05). Following adjustment using the multivariable Cox regression analysis, females were identified as an independent protective factor for 30-days mortality (HR, 2.24, p = 0.03).

Conclusions

Our study showed that females present with DeBakey I AAD less frequently than males and they tend to present with DeBakey AAD later in life. In young patients, females had better early outcomes despite similar time for symptom onset to diagnosis and surgical technique than males.
When Socialism Comes One Country at a Time
Authors: Hahnel Robin Eric
Published: August 2022

What should a country that has rejected capitalism and is beginning to build a socialist economy do with regard to international trade and investment in today’s world where other countries still have capitalist economies, and there are very large differences in levels of economic development? Hoping to stimulate discussion, this article explores dilemmas such a country will face, and proposes concrete answers in the form of rules such a country might follow to (a) take advantage of opportunities that international trade and investment provide but (b) avoid undermining fundamental principles that are the backbone of its socialist economy.

JEL Classification: F10, F13, F21, P21, P23
Gender-Specific Association Between Nighttime Sleep Duration and Falls Among Community-Dwelling Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China
Authors: Zhang Nan , Wang Cui , Li Yuli , Yang Mei , Yang Jing , Chen Fenghui , Yan Ping
Published: August 2022

This study was conducted using the data from 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Gender-specific association between nighttime sleep duration (NSD) and falls were evaluated through multiple logistic regression by adjusting for confounding variables. Of the 22,899 respondents, 18,446 were eligible and 3,144 (16.99%) had more than a single fall. Short and long NSD were associated with high occurrences of falls in the total and female population, but only a short NSD was associated with a high occurrence of falls in the male population. In conclusion, NSD was strongly and significantly associated with falls, but the association was gender-specific. Accordingly, increasing targeted, evidence-based and gender-specific preventions for NSD and sleep disturbance are necessary among primary care interventions to prevent falls.
Structural Stigma and Sexual Minority Victimization Across 28 Countries: The Moderating Role of Gender, Gender Nonconformity, and Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Bränström Richard , Fellman Daniel , Pachankis John
Published: August 2022

Objective:

Country-level structural stigma toward sexual minority individuals (i.e., discriminatory laws and policies and prejudicial attitudes) shows robust associations with sexual minority individuals’ mental health and individual-level stigma processes, such as identity concealment. Whether structural stigma is also associated with interpersonal-level stigma processes, such as victimization, is rarely studied. Whether the association between structural stigma and sexual minority individuals’ interpersonal mistreatment varies across gender, gender nonconformity, and socioeconomic status also remains to be determined.

Methods:

In 2012, sexual minority adults ( n = 86,308) living in 28 European countries responded to questions assessing past-12-month victimization experiences (i.e., physical or sexual attack or threat of violence). Country-level structural stigma was objectively indexed as an aggregate of national laws, policies, and population attitudes negatively affecting sexual minority individuals

Results:

Country-level structural stigma was significantly associated with victimization (adjusted odds ratios [AOR]: 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–1.22; p = .004). However, this effect varied by gender, gender nonconformity, and socioeconomic status. For both sexual minority men and women, gender nonconformity and lower socioeconomic status were associated with increased risk of victimization. The strongest association between country-level stigma and victimization was found among gender nonconforming men with lower socioeconomic status (AOR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.14–1.52; p < .001).

Conclusions:

A much larger proportion of sexual minorities living in higher stigma countries reports victimization than those living in lower stigma countries. At the same time, the association between country-level structural stigma and victimization is most heavily concentrated among gender nonconforming men with lower socioeconomic status.
“If it’s really excessive, it can enter your heart”: A Mixed Methods Investigation of Bullying Among Early Adolescents in Semarang, Indonesia
Authors: Fine Shoshanna L. , Pinandari Anggriyani W. , Muzir Solia M. , Agnesia Lina , Novitasari Putri I. , Bass Judith K. , Blum Robert W. , van Reeuwijk Miranda , Wilopo Siswanto A. , Mmari Kristin
Published: August 2022

Bullying is a major public health concern for Indonesian adolescents, with well-documented links to a range of emotional and behavioral problems. Despite such evidence, few investigations have employed qualitative methods to illuminate youth’s own perceptions of bullying and its psychosocial correlates in this context. The current study aimed to address this gap through an exploration of Indonesian adolescents’ motivations, perceptions, and beliefs regarding bullying. Building on prior quantitative findings, an explanatory sequential mixed methods approach was used to better understand the myriad ways in which bullying ties into other psychosocial challenges. Qualitative interviews were conducted with a total of 45 adolescents ages 13 to 14 (25 girls and 20 boys) in two junior high schools in Semarang between October and December 2019. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and translated into English for analysis. Qualitative data were then coded using an inductive thematic analysis approach. Interviews yielded contextual insights into adolescents’ definitions of bullying including the distinction between “normal” and “serious” bullying; related risk behaviors; key drivers; social and emotional consequences; and coping strategies. Across these thematic categories, a number of noteworthy gender differences emerged, highlighting the role that underlying gender norms can play in driving bullying involvement. Further, findings emphasize the need to develop a locally valid definition of bullying which takes into account the ways in which emotional distress may be both a criterion and a consequence of bullying. Findings can be used to inform bullying prevention programs targeting Indonesian youth.
Digital Sexual Violence and Suicide Risk in a National Sample of Sexual Minority Adolescents
Authors: Srivastava Ankur , Rusow Joshua , Schrager Sheree M. , Stephenson Rob , Goldbach Jeremy T.
Published: August 2022

This paper aimed to examine the association between digital sexual violence (threat to post or nonconsensual posting of sexually explicit media) and suicidal (ideation, planning, and attempt) and non-suicidal self-harm behavior. The data for the current analysis come from an online sample of sexual minority adolescents (aged 14–17) recruited from across the United States ( n = 970). Multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine the association between digital sexual violence with suicide (ideation, planning, and attempt) and self-harm. In the sample, 9.1% of participants reported being threatened to have their sexually explicit media posted without their consent, while 6.5% reported their sexually explicit media had been posted without their consent. Threat to post sexually explicit media without consent was associated with higher odds of reporting suicidal ideation (odds ratio [OR] = 1.88), suicide plan (OR = 2.12), suicide attempt (OR = 3.56), and self-harm (OR = 1.96). While nonconsensual posting of sexually explicit media was associated with higher odds of reporting suicidal ideation (OR = 1.82) and suicide attempt (OR = 2.20). All models controlled for age, assigned sex at birth, sexual identity, and race and ethnicity. These findings underscore important considerations and future research directions. Given the associations between digital sexual violence and suicide risk among sexual minority adolescents, suicide prevention efforts with adolescents must be responsive to the needs of sexual minority adolescents and the changing landscape of sexual violence in digital spaces. Future research should examine the trajectories of digital sexual violence among adolescents and comparative analyses by demographic subgroups to better understand changes in these processes over time.
Living With Frontotemporal Degeneration: Diagnostic Journey, Symptom Experiences, and Disease Impact
Authors: Barker Megan S. , Dodge Shana G. , Niehoff Debra , Denny Sharon , Dacks Penny A. , Dickinson Susan , Cosentino Stephanie , Wheaton Dianna K.H.
Published: August 2022

Frontotemporal degeneration (FTD) is an umbrella term encompassing a range of rare neurodegenerative disorders that cause progressive declines in cognition, behavior, and personality. Hearing directly from individuals living with FTD and their care partners is critical in optimizing care, identifying meaningful clinical trial endpoints, and improving research recruitment and retention. The current paper presents a subset of data from the FTD Insights Survey, chronicling the diagnostic journey, symptoms, and the impact of FTD on distress, quality of life, and independence, in the mild to moderate stages of the disease. Survey respondents included 219 individuals diagnosed with FTD and 437 current care partners, representing a range of FTD diagnoses. Around half of survey respondents reported seeing three or more doctors before an FTD diagnosis was given, and a range of prior diagnoses were noted. Most frequently endorsed symptoms tended to be consistent with clinical characteristics of the specific diagnosis, though there was significant variability in symptoms reported within diagnostic categories as well as considerable overlap in symptoms between diagnostic categories. Cognitive and language symptoms of FTD were generally most distressing to the person diagnosed, and a loss of independence was endorsed as affecting quality of life. The distinct perspectives of diagnosed persons and care partners regarding disease impact differed notably for bvFTD/Pick’s disease. Participating independently in a range of activities, within the home, outside the home, and with other people, were reported as challenging for people living with FTD, underscoring the degree to which the lives of these individuals are affected even at the mild and moderate stages of disease. Overall, by heeding the perspectives of those living with FTD, we can begin to design more meaningful research studies, provide better care, and develop therapies that improve quality of life.
The Promise and Perils of Comparing Nonprofit Data Across Borders
Authors: Searing Elizabeth A. M. , Grasse Nathan J. , Rutherford Alasdair
Published: August 2022

The movement to democratize data and the advent of virtual research teams provides a near-perfect opportunity for an explosion of comparative nonprofit research. This manuscript provides a useful framework for scholars interested in utilizing comparative nonprofit data. By documenting how the lived context of the data is influenced by governmental, institutional, and social forces, we illustrate how effective comparative data work will involve knowing both the how (data details) and the why (institutional history) of the data elements. We offer three extended examples to illustrate the complexity of comparative data: the definition of nonprofit, the concept of governance, and the definition of financial liability. This approach provides a thoughtful path of not only careful empirical work but also the route to theoretical improvements as well. Furthermore, comparative work also leads the researcher to question assumptions and document the processes which shape the data, even within their singular context.
Good-Enough Production: Selecting Easier Words Instead of More Accurate Ones
Authors: Koranda Mark J. , Zettersten Martin , MacDonald Maryellen C.
Published: August 2022

Dominant theories of language production suggest that word choice—lexical selection—is driven by alignment with the intended message: To talk about a young feline, we choose the most aligned word, kitten. Another factor that could shape lexical selection is word accessibility, or how easy it is to produce a given word (e.g., cat is more accessible than kitten). To test whether producers are also influenced by word accessibility, we designed an artificial lexicon containing high- and low-frequency words whose meanings correspond to compass directions. Participants in a communication game (total N = 181 adults) earned points by producing compass directions, which often required an implicit decision between a high- and low-frequency word. A trade-off was observed across four experiments; specifically, high-frequency words were produced even when less aligned with messages. These results suggest that implicit decisions between words are impacted by accessibility. Of all the times that people have produced cat, sometimes they likely meant kitten.
Auxiliary Scene-Context Information Provided by Anchor Objects Guides Attention and Locomotion in Natural Search Behavior
Authors: Helbing Jason , Draschkow Dejan , L.-H. Võ Melissa
Published: August 2022

Successful adaptive behavior requires efficient attentional and locomotive systems. Previous research has thoroughly investigated how we achieve this efficiency during natural behavior by exploiting prior knowledge related to targets of our actions (e.g., attending to metallic targets when looking for a pot) and to the environmental context (e.g., looking for the pot in the kitchen). Less is known about whether and how individual nontarget components of the environment support natural behavior. In our immersive virtual reality task, 24 adult participants searched for objects in naturalistic scenes in which we manipulated the presence and arrangement of large, static objects that anchor predictions about targets (e.g., the sink provides a prediction for the location of the soap). Our results show that gaze and body movements in this naturalistic setting are strongly guided by these anchors. These findings demonstrate that objects auxiliary to the target are incorporated into the representations guiding attention and locomotion.
Effects of Maternal Adjustment Enhancement Program Using Mobile-Based Education for Chinese Immigrant Women in Korea: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Song Ju-Eun , Roh Eun Ha , Kim Youn-Jeong , Ahn Jeong-Ah
Published: August 2022

Introduction:

This study aimed to develop a maternal adjustment program for Chinese immigrant primiparous women in Korea and to investigate its effectiveness.

Methodology:

Forty-five Chinese immigrant women with newborns were recruited and conveniently assigned into experimental and control groups. A maternal adjustment enhancement program was initiated to the experimental group using a mobile-based education regarding cultural intimacy for 4 weeks.

Results:

In the follow-ups, the experimental group showed significantly higher knowledge of childcare and parenting efficacy. Both the experimental and control groups showed an improvement in social support and a decrease in childcare stress without between-group differences.

Discussion:

The maternal adjustment enhancement program can be utilized as an effective approach to improve knowledge of childcare and reinforce parenting efficacy of Chinese immigrant women in Korea. Strategies to reduce language barrier and to provide education with culturally friendly manners should be utilized for successful transition to motherhood among immigrant mothers.
HPV Vaccination Rates of 7th Grade Students After a Strong Recommending Statement from the School Nurse
Authors: White Laura Santangelo , Maulucci Emily , Kornides Melanie , Aryal Subhash , Alix Catherine , Sneider Diane , Gagnon Jessica , Winfield Elizabeth C. , Fontenot Holly B.
Published: August 2022

The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine can prevent 90% of cancers caused by HPV. Health care provider recommendations affect vaccine uptake, yet there are a lack of studies examining the impact of the school nurse (SN) in vaccine recommendations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of adding a SN HPV recommendation to the standard vaccination letter sent to parents/guardians. The rate of vaccination between the intervention and control schools was not statistically significant (Estimate (Std. Error) = −0.3066 (0.2151), p  = 0.154). After controlling for age, sex, race, insurance type, and medical practice type, there was no significant difference in the likelihood to receive the HPV vaccine (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 0.563–4.19 in 2018; OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 0.124–14.54 in 2019. Further work is needed to clarify how school nurses can better promote HPV vaccine, and which adolescent demographic groups (e.g., race, insurance type, provider type) face barriers to HPV vaccine uptake.
Effectiveness and Safety of Enoxaparin Versus Unfractionated Heparin as Thromboprophylaxis in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: Real-World Evidence
Authors: AlLehaibi Lina H. , Alomar Mukhtar , Almulhim Abdulaziz , Al-Makki Sarah , Alrwaili Nazar R. , Al-Bassam Shahad , Alsultan Semat , Al Saeed Jenan , Alsheef Mohammad , Abraham Ivo , Alamer Ahmad
Published: August 2022

Background:

Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) patients are at risk of thrombosis. Literature that compares the effectiveness of enoxaparin to unfractionated heparin (UFH) in COVID-19 patients is scarce.

Objective:

We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of enoxaparin compared with UFH when used at their standard/intermediate dosing in COVID-19 patients.

Methods:

This was a retrospective study conducted at a large COVID-19 center located in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Confirmed COVID-19 cases (≥18 years old) admitted between January and December 2020 were randomly screened for inclusion. Exclusion criteria were patients receiving therapeutic anticoagulation, on chronic anticoagulation, had active bleeding, a platelet count <25 × 109/L, or an incomplete electronic file. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of any thrombotic event (pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis, stroke, or myocardial infarction) or mortality. Secondary endpoints were major or minor bleeding. We applied inverse propensity score weighting (IPTW) with survival analysis to analyze the primary endpoint. Logistic regression was used for the secondary endpoint.

Results:

A total of 980 patients were included (enoxaparin, n = 470 and UFH, n = 510) with a mean age (±SD) of 47.7 (± 12.3) for the enoxaparin arm and 52 (±13.9) for the UFH arm. There was a statistically significant difference in the primary endpoint with an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 0.46 (95%CI: 0.22 to 0.96, P = 0.039) in favor of the enoxaparin arm. There was no statistically significant difference in major or minor bleeding rates between the two arms.

Conclusion and Relevance:

When compared with UFH, enoxaparin was associated with a significant reduction in thrombotic events or mortality among COVID-19 patients. The results need confirmation from randomized controlled trials.
Safety and Efficacy of Ceftriaxone in the Treatment of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections: A Noninferiority Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ganguly Anisha , de la Flor Carolina , Alvarez Kristin , Brown L. Steven , Mang Norman S. , Smartt Jillian , King Helen , Perl Trish M. , Filizola Hector , Bhavan Kavita P.
Published: August 2022

Background:

Antistaphylococcal penicillins and cefazolin are the treatments of choice for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infections, requiring multiple doses daily. At Parkland, eligible uninsured patients with MSSA bloodstream infections (BSI) receive self-administered outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (S-OPAT). Ceftriaxone was used in a cohort of S-OPAT patients for ease of once-daily dosing.

Objective:

A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate clinical outcomes for patients discharged with ceftriaxone versus cefazolin to treat MSSA BSI.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort noninferiority study design was used to assess treatment efficacy of ceftriaxone versus cefazolin among Parkland S-OPAT patients treated from April 2012 to March 2020. Demographic, clinical, and treatment-related adverse events data were collected. Clinical outcomes included treatment failure as defined by repeat positive blood culture or retreatment within 6 months, all-cause 30-day readmission rates, and central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rates.

Results:

Of 368 S-OPAT patients with MSSA BSI, 286 (77.7%) received cefazolin, and 82 (22.3%) received ceftriaxone. Demographics and comorbidities were similar for both groups. There were no treatment failures in the ceftriaxone group compared with 4 (1%) in the cefazolin group ( P = 0.58). No difference in 30-day readmission rate between groups was found. The CLABSI rates were lower in ceftriaxone group (2%) compared with cefazolin (11%; P = 0.02). Limitations include retrospective cohort design.

Conclusions:

Ceftriaxone was found to be noninferior to cefazolin in this study. Our findings suggest that ceftriaxone is a safe and effective treatment of MSSA BSI secondary to osteoarticular or skin and soft tissue infections when used in the S-OPAT setting.

Poster abstract:

OFID on 2018 Nov; 5(Suppl 1): S316: doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofy210.894.
Difelikefalin: A New κ-Opioid Receptor Agonist for the Treatment of Hemodialysis-Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease–Associated Pruritus
Authors: Fugal Justin , Serpa Sister Michaela
Published: August 2022

Objective:

To review data for difelikefalin (Korsuva) intravenous solution for management of moderate-to-severe pruritus in hemodialysis (HD) patients.

Data Sources:

Literature search of PubMed (January 1946-May 2022) and SCOPUS (January 1946-May 2022) was performed using the terms: Korsuva, CR845, and difelikefalin. Additional information sources include ClinicalTrials.gov, prescribing information, meeting posters, and references of identified articles.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

Clinical trials and articles evaluating difelikefalin for chronic kidney disease–associated pruritis (CKD-aP) in HD patients.

Data Synthesis:

Difelikefalin is a peripherally acting κ-opioid receptor agonist with antipruritic effects for HD patients with moderate-to-severe CKD-aP. A phase 3 study showed significant improvement of patient itch intensity and itch-related quality of life (QOL) when compared with placebo. More patients had decreased pruritus on the 24-hour Worst Itch Intensity Numerical Rating Scale with difelikefalin (49.1%) compared with placebo (27.9%, P < 0.001). A positive effect was seen with or without use of additional antipruritic agents. Common adverse events include diarrhea, dizziness, and vomiting; there were no signs of physical dependence or centrally acting opioid effects (euphoria, hallucinations).

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice:

Difelikefalin reduced itch intensity and improved QOL for patients with CKD-aP. Whether the benefit is continued long-term as well as how it compares with other effective agents is currently unknown.

Conclusion:

Difelikefalin is the only Food and Drug Administration–approved treatment for moderate-to-severe CKD-aP with additional research into its benefit in this and other types of pruritus ongoing.
Using Peer Mentorship to Foster Growth and Interest in Human Factors
Authors: Rickel Emily A. , Derby Jessyca L. , Chaparro Barbara S.
Published: August 2022

Academic programs benefit from the addition of a formalized peer mentorship program to help undergraduate and graduate students achieve academic success, social and psychological wellbeing, and career development. This article describes a peer mentorship program developed in the Human Factors and Ergonomics (HF/E) program at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (ERAU) where students study human factors at the bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral levels. We describe the steps taken to develop, maintain, and evaluate the program, along with lessons learned.
Subjective Career Success, Career Competencies, and Perceived Employability: Three-way Interaction Effects on Organizational and Occupational Turnover Intentions
Authors: Talluri Surendra Babu , Uppal Nishant
Published: August 2022

Despite a plethora of research on turnover intentions, we know little about the impact of subjective career aspects (e.g., authenticity, recognition, and meaningful work) on turnover intentions. Drawing upon turnover theory, we argue that subjective career success negatively influences organizational and occupational turnover intentions. This negative effect will be stronger in the presence of career competencies and high perceived employability. To test these relationships, we conducted two field studies using a two-wave survey method. Results of both studies indicated that the negative impact of subjective career success on turnover intentions was strongest when the perceived employability and career competencies were high. In Study 1, we found these relationships significant for organizational turnover intentions. Through Study 2, we found significant results for occupational turnover intentions due to their occupational investments in a new profession. We discuss the contributions of findings to the careers and turnover literature.
Takedown of Ankle Fusions and Conversion to Total Ankle Replacements
Authors: Lundeen Anna L. , Raduan Fernando C. , Stone McGaver Rebecca , Seiffert Kayla J. , Fritz Jacquelyn E. , Giveans M. Russell , Coetzee J. Chris
Published: August 2022

Background:

With ankle replacements gaining credibility, there is a small subset of patients who might benefit from a conversion of an ankle fusion to a replacement. The objective of this study is to present clinical and radiographic results of patients who had their ankle fusion converted to total ankle arthroplasty (TAA).

Methods:

Patients presented to the senior author with ongoing ankle pain following fusion or increasing pain after a period of relative comfort after an ankle fusion. Outcomes were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively with the Veterans Rand Health Survey (VR-12), Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale (AOS), and visual analog scale (VAS) pain scale. A patient satisfaction survey was also distributed.

Results:

All ankle fusion conversions between April 2010 and December 2019 were included. Fifty-one patients (30 females) with the mean age of 62.6 (range, 37-83) years were followed. Mean follow-up was 4.2±2.3 (range, 2-11.5) years. Two patients were lost to follow-up (1 is deceased). Pre- and postoperative mean patient-reported outcome scores were all significantly different between groups except VR-12 mental subscale scores. VR-12 physical scores improved from 28.7±8.9 preoperatively to 38.9±9.9 ( P < .001) postoperatively; VR-12 mental score was stable. AOS pain and disability subscales similarly improved: 55.9±24.4 to 27.9±25.4 ( P < .001) and 61.7±21.1 to 31.1±25.7 ( P < .001), respectively. VAS pain improved from a mean of 64.5±27.3 to 29.4±27.7 ( P < .001). There was no tibiotalar dorsiflexion or plantarflexion with the ankle fusion. Initial postoperative visit revealed that average dorsiflexion was 10.9±5.93 degrees and average plantarflexion was 14.1±5.22 degrees. At the latest follow-up, dorsiflexion improved significantly to 15.5±6.33 degrees ( P < .001), with no significant improvement in plantarflexion ( P = .980).

Conclusion:

In this single-surgeon longitudinal study of 51 patients with a painful, malaligned, or nonhealed ankle fusion treated with an ankle replacement, we found highly satisfactory functional outcomes at an average of 4.2 years. Continued long-term follow-up will reveal whether the longevity of these replacements is comparable to primary replacements.
Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on One-Year Clinical Outcomes in Patients Anticoagulated with Bivalirudin Undergoing Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Li Yulong , Li Jiawen , Guan Changdong , Su Shuhong , Wang Zhifang , Liu Haiwei , Xu Bo , Yang Weixian , Yang Yuejin , Gao Runlin , Yuan Jinqing , Zhao Xueyan
Published: August 2022

Background: Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are considered to increase the risk of thrombosis and bleeding. However, whether DM is an independent risk factor for events in patients anticoagulated with bivalirudin during elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is not clear. Methods: Patients anticoagulated with bivalirudin during elective PCI from January 2017 to August 2018 in 3 centers were enrolled. The primary endpoint of thrombotic events was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE, including all-cause death, myocardial infarction, ischemic revascularization, stent thrombosis, and stroke); the primary endpoint of bleeding events was Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) 2, 3 or 5 bleeding. Results: 1152 patients were finally enrolled. After one-year follow-up, 89 (7.7%) MACCE and 21 (1.8%) BARC 2, 3 or 5 bleeding occurred. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed DM was not an independent risk factor for MACCE (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.029, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.674-1.573, P = .893), but peripheral artery disease (PAD) history (HR: 2.200, 95%CI: 1.290-3.751, P = .004) was an independent risk factor for MACCE. DM was not an independent risk factor for BARC 2, 3 or 5 bleeding (HR: 0.732, 95%CI: 0.293-1.831, P = .505), but PAD history (HR: 3.029, 95%CI: 1.102-8.332, P = .032) and low hemoglobin level (HR = 0.972, 95%CI: 0.947-0.998, P = .036) were independent risk factors for BARC 2, 3 or 5 bleeding. Conclusions: DM was not an independent risk factor for one-year thrombotic and bleeding events in patients anticoagulated with bivalirudin during elective PCI. More attention should be paid to PAD history and hemoglobin level to identify high-risk patients.
Perceptions and prevalence of marijuana use among cancer patients managed at an outpatient department in Zimbabwe: A brief report
Authors: Manyau Maudy CP , Changadzo Kudzanai P , Mudziti Tinashe
Published: August 2022

Background

Globally, marijuana is becoming an acceptable complementary medicine for symptom management in cancer. At the time that the study was conducted, Zimbabwean laws only allowed for the cultivation of marijuana for medical and scientific use. As of 18 July 2022, the national medicines regulator released a circular allowing the licensing, distribution, and use of cannabidiol-based products. Anecdotes indicate there is medical marijuana use among Zimbabwean patients with cancer. We sought to determine the prevalence, patterns of use and perceptions of medical marijuana among patients with cancer.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was used to determine patterns and perceptions of marijuana use among outpatient patients with cancer. The study included adults attending the outpatient oncology clinic at Parirenyatwa Hospital Radiotherapy Treatment Center.

Results

Fifty participants with a median age of 50.5 years (IQR: 41–58) completed the questionnaire, and 28.0% of them were male. The prevalence of marijuana use in the sample was 24.0% (95% CI 13.9–38.2). Most marijuana users were male (83.3%, p < 0.001). The rate of medical marijuana use among users was 66.7%. Participants were generally neutral concerning the benefits of marijuana and how it should be regulated. Just under 50% indicated that they would be open to using it if it were legal.

Conclusions and recommendations

The prevalence of marijuana use in the sample was comparable to other jurisdictions. Perceptions toward medical marijuana were generally neutral. Consequently, for medical marijuana and/or cannabidiol-based products to become acceptable in the Zimbabwean context, there is need for the dissemination of evidence-based information on their benefits.
Effects of Smoking on SARS-CoV-2 Positivity: A Study of a Large Health System in Northern and Central California
Authors: Li Jiang , Martinez Meghan C , Frosch Dominick L , Matt Georg E
Published: August 2022

Introduction

COVID-19 continues to impact vulnerable populations disproportionally. Identifying modifiable risk factors could lead to targeted interventions to reduce infections. The purpose of this study is to identify risk factors for testing positive for SARS-CoV-2.

Methods

Using electronic health records collected from a large ambulatory care system in northern and central California, the study identified patients who had a test for SARS-CoV-2 between 2/20/2020 and 3/31/2021. The adjusted effect of active and passive smoking and other risk factors on the probability of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 were estimated using multivariable logistic regression. Analyses were conducted in 2021.

Results

Of 556 690 eligible patients in our sample, 70 564 (12.7%) patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Younger age, being male, racial/ethnic minorities, and having mild major comorbidities were significantly associated with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Current smokers (adjusted OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.66-0.73) and former smokers (adjusted OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.89-0.95) were less likely than nonsmokers to be lab-confirmed positive, but no statistically significant differences were found when comparing passive smokers with non-smokers. The patients with missing smoking status (25.7%) were more likely to be members of vulnerable populations with major comorbidities (adjusted OR ranges from severe: 2.52, 95% CI = 2.36-2.69 to mild: 3.28, 95% CI = 3.09-3.48), lower income (adjusted OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.85-0.86), aged 80 years or older (adjusted OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.07-1.16), have less access to primary care (adjusted OR: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.07-0.07), and identify as racial ethnic minorities (adjusted OR ranges from Hispanic: 1.61, 95% CI = 1.56-1.65 to Non-Hispanic Black: 2.60, 95% CI = 2.5-2.69).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the odds of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 were significantly lower in smokers compared to nonsmokers. Other risk factors include missing data on smoking status, being under 18, being male, being a racial/ethnic minority, and having mild major comorbidities. Since those with missing data on smoking status were more likely to be members of vulnerable populations with higher smoking rates, the risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 among smokers may have been underestimated due to missing data on smoking status. Future studies should investigate the risk of severe outcomes among active and passive smokers, the role that exposure to tobacco smoke constitutes among nonsmokers, the role of comorbidities in COVID-19 disease course, and health disparities experienced by disadvantaged groups.
The RANGER II superficial femoral artery trial: 1-year results of the long lesion cohort
Authors: Schroë Herman , Sachar Ravish , Keirse Koen , Soga Yoshimitsu , Brodmann Marianne , Rao Vikram , Werner Martin , Holden Andrew , Lopez Louis , Krishnan Prakash , Diaz-Cartelle Juan
Published: August 2022

Background:

The objective of the RANGER II SFA long lesion cohort analysis was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the Ranger drug-coated balloon (DCB) in patients with lesion lengths greater than 100 mm.

Methods:

Patients from the RANGER II SFA randomized controlled trial and long balloon sub-study were included in the long lesion cohort if their baseline lesion measurement was > 100 mm and if they had been treated with a RANGER DCB. Patients had symptomatic lower limb peripheral artery disease and Rutherford classification 2–4 symptomatology. The endpoints of interest included the 12-month target lesion primary patency and freedom from major adverse events (MAEs).Additional patient outcomes including changes in Rutherford classification were also evaluated.

Results:

A total of 129 patients met the inclusion criteria and were included in the long lesion cohort. Mean lesion length was 144.5 ± 31.7 mm. Seventy-five lesions had Peripheral Arterial Calcium Scoring System (PACSS) grades 3 (33.3%, 43/129) and 4 (24.8%, 32/129). The Kaplan–Meier estimate of the primary patency rate at 12 months was 88.0%. The rate of freedom from MAEs at 12 months was 95.1% (117/123; 95% CI: 89.7%, 98.2%); all MAEs were clinically driven target lesion revascularization (4.9%, 6/123). The 12-month mortality rate was 2.4% (3/125).

Conclusions:

Patients with lesions > 100 mm treated with Ranger DCBs demonstrated excellent 1-year safety and efficacy results, comparable to those of the overall RANGER II SFA randomized clinical trial. This suggests that the Ranger DCB can provide consistent results regardless of lesion length. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03064126)
Going beyond practicing English: Language alternation in an L2 book club’s Zoom meetings
Authors: Ro Eunseok
Published: August 2022

This study investigates the occurrence of students’ language alternation practices during second language (L2) book talk. The data were collected at a voluntary book club for learning English at a university in Korea. The book club was implemented using Zoom. In this context, using multimodal conversation analysis, I highlight instances in which students successfully construct their book talk in English (their L2) but go further by providing translations in Korean (their first language), thus doing repair to deal with (potential) problems of understanding and speaking. The findings show that through these self-repair practices of translation the student-speakers are not only (1) pursuing mutual understanding with the recipients but also (2) managing their turn construction in their doing of book talk. I argue that through these language alternation practices, the students are treating the establishment of intersubjectivity as a central activity of the book talk, which reflects their anticipation of recipients’ possible difficulties in understanding the L2. The findings contribute to a better understanding of language alternation practices in a language learning context and expand our understanding of the endogenous nature of L2 book club activities conducted in a synchronous online session.
Tailoring surface properties of aerospace-grade aluminium alloy through solid-state friction stir processing
Authors: Girish G
Published: August 2022

Aerospace grade AA7075-T6 alloy was friction stir processed at different tool rotation speeds and traverse speeds with a square profiled pin and the resulting microstructural evolution, texture formation and mechanical properties were analysed in this study. Low-magnification optical macroscopy, electron back-scattered diffraction, and bulk-texture analysis were conducted to probe material consolidation, microstructural grain refinement and crystallographic orientation of the grains inside the stir zone. Mechanical properties such as microhardness and tensile strength analysis were further conducted and the results correlated. Macrostructural observations show better consolidation in the specimens processed at 1050 r/min with 30 and 60 mm/min traverse speeds, and 1200 r/min with 30 mm/min as traverse speed. Electron back-scattered diffraction results confirm significant grain refinement in the sample processed at 1050 r/min, 60 mm/min and having a minimum grain size of 3.49 μm. Bulk-texture analysis indicated the presence of randomized grain orientation with copper and S as major texture components. Maximum hardness and tensile strength of 147.1 HV and 432 MPa were exhibited by the specimen processed at 1050 r/min and 60 mm/min due to grain refinement, increased dislocation density and finely distributed strengthening precipitates. Unprocessed base material displayed bimodal ductile and brittle mode of failure, while ductile fracture behaviour was exhibited by the friction stir processed specimen.
Can attending farmers’ markets lead to unplanned deviant visitor behavior?
Authors: Joenpolvi Emma , Mortimer Gary , Mathmann Frank
Published: August 2022

Farmers’ markets can enhance local food tourism experiences, as well as benefit regions and businesses that operate within these markets. With the impact of COVID-19 reducing international travel, domestic and local tourism is predicted to increase due to a desire to support local economies. While it has been established that visitors who shop at farmers’ markets do so for pro-social reasons, the current study examines the unintended consequences of these pro-social behaviors. We apply ‘moral licensing’ and regulatory focus theory to explain how a person’s pro-social behavior gives a temporary boost to their positive self-image which subsequently gives them a ‘licence’ to act in a deviant manner. We examine the effect of licensing and consider individual differences in promotion focus to test whether some visitors are more prone to deviant behavior than others. This research assists in identifying the unintended outcomes for the local food tourism sector through licensing and provides suggestions on how to diminish this behavior.
Developing and validating a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease quick screening questionnaire using statistical learning models
Authors: Wang Xiaoyue , He Hong , Xu Liang , Chen Cuicui , Zhang Jieqing , Li Na , Chen Xianxian , Jiang Weipeng , Li Li , Wang Linlin , Song Yuanlin , Xiao Jing , Zhang Jun , Hou Dongni
Published: August 2022

Background

Active targeted case-finding is a cost-effective way to identify individuals with high-risk for early diagnosis and interventions of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A precise and practical COPD screening instrument is needed in health care settings.

Methods

We created four statistical learning models to predict the risk of COPD using a multi-center randomized cross-sectional survey database ( n = 5281). The minimal set of predictors and the best statistical learning model in identifying individuals with airway obstruction were selected to construct a new case-finding questionnaire. We validated its performance in a prospective cohort ( n = 958) and compared it with three previously reported case-finding instruments.

Results

A set of seven predictors was selected from 643 variables, including age, morning productive cough, wheeze, years of smoking cessation, gender, job, and pack-year of smoking. In four statistical learning models, generalized additive model model had the highest area under curve (AUC) value both on the developing cross-sectional data set (AUC = 0.813) and the prospective validation data set (AUC = 0.880). Our questionnaire outperforms the other three tools on the cross-sectional validation data set.

Conclusions

We developed a COPD case-finding questionnaire, which is an efficient and cost-effective tool for identifying high-risk population of COPD.