bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thromboembolic and bleeding complications following primary total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Schelde Astrid Blicher , Petersen Janne , Jensen Thomas Bo , Gromov Kirill , Overgaard Søren , Olesen Jonas Bjerring , Jimenez-Solem Espen
Published: September 2021

Aims

The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness and safety of thromboprophylactic treatments in patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods

Using nationwide medical registries, we identified patients with a primary TKA performed in Denmark between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2018 who received thromboprophylactic treatment. We examined the 90-day risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), major bleeding, and all-cause mortality following surgery. We used a Cox regression model to compute hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each outcome, pairwise comparing treatment with dalteparin or dabigatran with rivaroxaban as the reference. The HRs were both computed using a multivariable and a propensity score matched analysis.

Results

We identified 27,736 primary TKA patients who received thromboprophylactic treatment (rivaroxaban (n = 18,846); dalteparin (n = 5,767); dabigatran (n = 1,443); tinzaparin (n = 1,372); and enoxaparin (n = 308)). In the adjusted multivariable analysis and compared with rivaroxaban, treatment with dalteparin (HR 0.68 (95% CI 0.49 to 0.92)) or dabigatran (HR 0.31 (95% CI 0.13 to 0.70)) was associated with a decreased risk of VTE. No statistically significant differences were observed for major bleeding or all-cause mortality. The propensity score matched analysis yielded similar results.

Conclusion

Treatment with dalteparin or dabigatran was associated with a decreased 90-day risk of VTE following primary TKA surgery compared with treatment with rivaroxaban. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(10):1571–1577.
Asta-Ja Framework: A Peaceful Approach to Food, Water, Climate, and Environmental Security Coupled with Sustainable Economic Development and Social Inclusion in Nepal
Authors: Poudel Durga D.
Published: September 2021

Sustainable conservation, development, and utilization of natural and humanresources is necessary for accelerated economic growth and fast-pacedsocio-economic transformation of Nepal. Asta-Ja Framework, which is atheoretically grounded grassroots based peaceful and self-reliant planningand development approach, offers practical strategies for sustainable con-servation and development of natural and human resources enhancing food,water, climate, and environmental security, accelerated economic growth, andsocio-economic transformation of Nepal. Asta-Ja includes interconnectedeight resources in Nepali letter, Ja, – Jal (water), Jamin (land), Jungle(forest), Jadibuti (medicinal and aromatic plants), Janashakti (manpower),Janawar (animal), Jarajuri (crop plants) and Jalabayu (climate). Asta-JaFramework is a unifying framework for planning and resources develop-ment and has a strong footing on science, business, and eastern philosophy.While providing practical guidelines for achieving food, water, climate and environmental security, this article presents Nepal Vision 2040, which isdeveloped considering challenges that Nepal is currently facing and itsavailable Asta-Ja resources, envisioning that Nepal’s economic developmentreaching at the par of developed nations by 2040. Key strategic sectorsidentified in Nepal Vision 2040 include smallholder mixed-farming system,agro-jadibuti industrialization, protection of drinking water sources, climatechange adaptation, environmental pollution control, conservation of naturalresources, infrastructure, tourism, renewable energy, alleviation of inequali-ties, and good governance. This article demonstrates strategies for addressingsocial discrimination and inequalities through the process of Asta-Ja com-munity capacity-building and self-reliant development. Ecological balanceof Asta-Ja resources is necessary for sustainable natural resources, economicdevelopment, and community resiliency. The Government of Nepal is sug-gested to adopt Asta-Ja Framework as its national planning and developmentframework for sustainable economic growth and fast-paced socio-economictransformation of the country.
Performance of Oreochromis niloticus juveniles fed autoclaved mango seed kernel diets
Authors: Eyiwunmi Falaye Augustine , Shakiru Sule Okanlawon , Salimata Sanogo , Martha Kechicha Olufunmike
Published: September 2021

Human and livestock population increase has led to escalating prices of energy feed stuffs used in aquaculture. There have been some researches on various inexpensive agro-industrial by-products as substitutes for maize in fish diets with varying degrees of success. This study investigated the growth performance of Oreochromis niloticus juveniles fed with autoclaved Mango seed formulated fish diet as a dietary energy source at different inclusion level. 150 Oreochromis niloticus juveniles with mean weight of 10.24±0.05g were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5). The fish were acclimated for two weeks and were allotted to five treatments in plastic tanks (26x46x20cm). Each treatment contained 10 fish per tank. The fish were fed experimental diets at T1:0%, T2: 25%, T3: 50%, T4: 75% and T5: 100% Mango Seed Kernel Meal (MSKM) inclusion levels respectively. The highest Mean weight Gain (MWG) and lowest Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) was recorded in Treatment 2: 25% (48.93±4.88); (0.91±0.07) while the lowest MWG and highest FCR was recorded in Treatment 5: 100% (27.30±3.99); (1.47±0.16).  Specific Growth Rate (SGR) was lower in Treatment 5: 100% when compared to other treatments. Feed intake followed a decreasing order. The blood samples collected showed that there was significant differences (p0.05) In conclusion, growth performance and haematological activity could be best improved by substituting mango seed kernel meal at 75% with no implication on growth and fish health.
Prevalence of coccidia in domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica Gmelin, 1789) in Benghazi city, Libya
Authors: Al-Agouri Samira , Alrwab Nadia , Amgawer Hussien , Sadaga Ghazala , Alshelmani Mohamed Idris
Published: September 2021

Pigeon coccidiosis is caused by Eimeria spp; a protozoan parasite which limits birds’ productivity by causing severe illness. The current study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of coccidiosis on domestic pigeon in Libya. Intestinal contents of 100 pigeons (Columba livia domestica Gmelin, 1789) were collected within a period of five months; January to May 2020. The intestinal content was examined to detect of coccidian oocysts infection on the randomly selected birds. A total of 100 faecal samples were investigated with two methods;Willis-Schaafs (qualitative) and McMaster’s (quantitative). The results obtained showed that the number of infected Pigeons was 72 pigeons (72%) of the total number of Pigeons. The prevalence was higher in female than that of males, where the total of infected females was 50 (69.4 %) and infected males was 22 (30.6%). The results showed that the highest incidence of Eimeria labbeana was observed in the young pigeons than that of adults, where the total number of young pigeons was 66 (91.7 %), and adult pigeon was 6 (8.3 %).
Line imaging of a terahertz zero-order Mathieu–Gauss beam
Authors: Shi Haifeng , Wang Kejia , Yang Zhengang , Liu Jinsong
Published: September 2021

The study of terahertz (THz) structured beams has become an interesting subject. Here, we use 3D printed diffractive plates to generate a THz zero-order Mathieu–Gauss beam at a frequency of 0.1 THz and simulate its line-imaging effect. According to the nondiffraction property of the beam, we conduct a transmission imaging test by placing the imaging plate at different positions along the direction of beam propagation. The results show that the THz zero-order Mathieu–Gauss beam has a good imaging effect in the depth of field of about 130–380 mm. This can be used in large depth of field THz line imaging.
Modeling and optimization of galvanometric point-scanning temporal dynamics
Authors: Tang Eric M. , Tao Yuankai K.
Published: September 2021

Galvanometers are ubiquitous in point-scanning applications in optical imaging, display, ranging, manufacturing, and therapeutic technologies. However, galvanometer performance is constrained by finite response times related to mirror size and material properties. We present a model-driven approach for optimizing galvanometer response characteristics by tuning the parameters of the closed-loop galvanometer controller and demonstrate settling time reduction by over 50%. As an imaging proof-of-concept, we implement scan waveforms that take advantage of the optimized galvanometer frequency response to increase linear field-of-view, signal-to-noise ratio, contrast-to-noise ratio, and speed. The hardware methods presented may be directly implemented on galvanometer controllers without the need for specialized equipment and used in conjunction with customized scan waveforms to further optimize scanning performance.
Refractive index of phosphate-buffered saline in the telecom infrared C + L bands
Authors: Janeiro Ricardo , Flores Raquel , Viegas Jaime
Published: September 2021

The refractive index of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solutions, for concentrations ranging from 0 mol/L to 1.516 mol/L, was experimentally determined in the telecom C + L infrared bands, ranging from 1510 to 1620 nm, which is commonly used for silicon photonics biochemical sensors. The infrared measurements were performed with a silicon photonics arrayed waveguide sensor and compared with the optical visible range values measured with a handheld refractometer. An equation for the refractive index of PBS solutions as a function of wavelength and PBS concentration is presented. Moreover, the conductivity of the test solutions was determined and the relation between conductivity and refractive index was established, allowing for a fast, easy, cost-effective, indirect method of refractive index determination of PBS solutions. The data presented will enable more realistic simulation of optical biosensors and their precise experimental calibration.
Mathematical learning deficits originate in early childhood from atypical development of a frontoparietal brain network
Authors: Kuhl Ulrike , Sobotta Sarah ,   Legascreen Consortium, Skeide Michael A.
Published: September 2021

Mathematical learning deficits are defined as a neurodevelopmental disorder (dyscalculia) in the International Classification of Diseases. It is not known, however, how such deficits emerge in the course of early brain development. Here, we conducted functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) experiments in 3- to 6-year-old children without formal mathematical learning experience. We followed this sample until the age of 7 to 9 years, identified individuals who developed deficits, and matched them to a typically developing control group using comprehensive behavioral assessments. Multivariate pattern classification distinguished future cases from controls with up to 87% accuracy based on the regional functional activity of the right posterior parietal cortex (PPC), the network-level functional activity of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and the effective functional and structural connectivity of these regions. Our results indicate that mathematical learning deficits originate from atypical development of a frontoparietal network that is already detectable in early childhood.
Decreasing death rates and causes of death in Icelandic children—A longitudinal analysis
Authors: Levy Marina Ros , Thors Valtyr , Elínardottir Sigríður Haralds , Moller Alma D. , Haraldsson Asgeir
Published: September 2021

Background

Global death rate in children has been declining during the last decades worldwide, especially in high income countries. This has been attributed to several factors, including improved prenatal and perinatal care, immunisations, infection management as well as progress in diagnosis and treatment of most diseases. However, there is certainly room for further progress. The aim of the current study was to describe the changes in death rates and causes of death in Iceland, a high-income country during almost half a century.

Methods

The Causes of Death Register at The Directorate of Health was used to identify all children under the age of 18 years in Iceland that died during the study period from January 1st, 1971 until December 31st, 2018. Using Icelandic national identification numbers, individuals could be identified for further information. Hospital records, laboratory results and post-mortem diagnosis could be accessed if cause of death was unclear.

Findings

Results showed a distinct decrease in death rates in children during the study period that was continuous over the whole period. This was established for almost all causes of death and in all age groups. This reduction was primarily attributed to a decrease in fatal accidents and fewer deaths due to infections, perinatal or congenital disease as well as malignancies, the reduction in death rates from other causes was less distinct. Childhood suicide rates remained constant.

Interpretation

Our results are encouraging for further prevention of childhood deaths. In addition, our results emphasise the need to improve measures to detect and treat mental and behavioural disorders leading to childhood suicide.
Prevalence and risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and seroprevalence among clinical and non-clinical staff in a national healthcare system
Authors: Alishaq Moza , Jeremijenko Andrew , Al-Kanaani Zeina , Nafady-Hego Hanaa , Jboor Diana H. , Saba Rosaline , Al-Ajmi Jameela , Alansari Nasser Asad , Thomas Anil George , Fareh Sameera Bihi , Vinoy Suni , Nooh Maryam , Alanzi Nadya , Abou-Samra Abdul-Badi , Butt Adeel Ajwad
Published: September 2021

Background

While many studies have reported the rate and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers (HCWs), there are scant data regarding the impact of employment type and job grades upon such risk.

Methods

We determined the rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection based on a positive nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) PCR among employees of a large national healthcare system. Antibody testing was performed on those who agreed to provide a blood sample. Using logistic regression analysis, we determined the risk of infection (PCR+) associated with demographic characteristics, job family and job grade.

Results

We identified 35,075 staff (30,849 full-time, 4,226 outsourced) between March 1-October 31, 2020. Among full-time employees, 78.0% had a NPS (11.8% positive). Among outsourced staff, 94.4% had a NPS (31.1% positive). Antibody testing was performed on 33.9% full-time employees (13.0% reactive), and on 39.1% of the outsourced staff (47.0% reactive). PCR-positivity was higher among outsourced staff (31.0% vs. 18.3% in non-clinical and 9.0% in clinical full-time employees) and those in the low-grade vs. mid-grade and high-grade job categories. Male sex (OR 1.88), non-clinical job family (OR 1.21), low-grade job category (OR 3.71) and being an outsourced staff (OR 2.09) were associated with a higher risk of infection.

Conclusion

HCWs are a diverse population with varying risk of infection. Clinical staff are at a lower risk likely due to increased awareness and infection prevention measures. Risk is higher for those in the lower socioeconomic strata. Infection is more likely to occur in non-healthcare setting than within the healthcare facilities.
Local topology and bifurcation hot-spots in proteins with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as an example
Authors: Peng Xubiao , Niemi Antti J.
Published: September 2021

Novel topological methods are introduced to protein research. The aim is to identify hot-spot sites where a bifurcation can alter the local topology of the protein backbone. Since the shape of a protein is intimately related to its biological function, a substitution that causes a bifurcation should have an enhanced capacity to change the protein’s function. The methodology applies to any protein but it is developed with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as a timely example. First, topological criteria are introduced to identify and classify potential bifurcation hot-spot sites along the protein backbone. Then, the expected outcome of asubstitution, if it occurs, is estimated for a general class of hot-spots, using a comparative analysis of the surrounding backbone segments. The analysis combines the statistics of structurally commensurate amino acid fragments in the Protein Data Bank with general stereochemical considerations. It is observed that the notorious D614G substitution of the spike protein is a good example of a bifurcation hot-spot. A number of topologically similar examples are then analyzed in detail, some of them are even better candidates for a bifurcation hot-spot than D614G. The local topology of the more recently observed N501Y substitution is also inspected, and it is found that this site is proximal to a different kind of local topology changing bifurcation.
Combination of generalist predators, Nesidiocoris tenuis and Macrolophus pygmaeus, with a companion plant, Sesamum indicum: What benefit for biological control of Tuta absoluta?
Authors: Konan Kouassi Arthur J. , Monticelli Lucie S. , Ouali-N’goran San-Whouly M. , Ramirez-Romero Ricardo , Martin Thibaud , Desneux Nicolas
Published: September 2021

Tuta absolutais one of the most damaging pests of tomato crops worldwide. Damage due to larvae may cause up to 100% loss of tomato production. Use of natural enemies to control the pest, notably predatory mirids such asNesidiocoris tenuisandMacrolophus pygmaeus, is increasingly being promoted. However, considering the potential damage caused to tomatoes by these omnivorous predators in the absence ofT.absoluta, an alternative solution could be required to reduce tomato damage and improve the predators’ performance. The use of companion plants can be an innovative solution to cope with these issues. The present study aimed to determine the influence of companion plants and alternative preys on the predators’ performance in controllingT.absolutaand protecting tomato plants. We evaluated the effect of predators (alone or combined) and a companion plant (sesame (Sesamum indicum)) onT.absolutaegg predation and crop damage caused byN.tenuis. The influence of an alternative prey (Ephestia kuehniellaeggs) on the spatial distribution of predators was also evaluated by caging them in the prey presence or absence, either on tomato or sesame plants or on both. We found that the presence of sesame did not reduce the efficacy ofN.tenuisorM.pygmaeusin consumingT.absolutaeggs; hatched egg proportion decreased whenN.tenuis,M.pygmaeus, or both predators were present. More specifically, this proportion was more strongly reduced when both predators were combined. Sesame presence also reduced necrotic rings caused byN.tenuison tomato plants.Nesidiocoris tenuispreferred sesame over tomato plants (except when food was provided only on the tomato plant) and the upper part of the plants, whereasM.pygmaeuspreferred tomato to sesame plants (except when food was provided only on the sesame plant) and had no preference for a plant part. Combination of predatorsN.tenuisandM.pygmaeusallows for better coverage of cultivated plants in terms of occupation of different plant parts and better regulation ofT.absolutapopulations.Sesamum indicumis a potential companion plant that can be used to significantly reduceN.tenuisdamage to tomatoes.
High site-fidelity in common bottlenose dolphins despite low salinity exposure and associated indicators of compromised health
Authors: Takeshita Ryan , Balmer Brian C. , Messina Francesca , Zolman Eric S. , Thomas Len , Wells Randall S. , Smith Cynthia R. , Rowles Teresa K. , Schwacke Lori H.
Published: September 2021

More than 2,000 common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) inhabit the Barataria Bay Estuarine System in Louisiana, USA, a highly productive estuary with variable salinity driven by natural and man-made processes. It was unclear whether dolphins that are long-term residents to specific areas within the basin move in response to fluctuations in salinity, which at times can decline to 0 parts per thousand in portions of the basin. In June 2017, we conducted health assessments and deployed satellite telemetry tags on dolphins in the northern portions of the Barataria Bay Estuarine System Stock area (9 females; 4 males). We analyzed their fine-scale movements relative to modeled salinity trends compared to dolphins tagged near the barrier islands (higher salinity environments) from 2011 to 2017 (37 females; 21 males). Even though we observed different movement patterns among individual dolphins, we found no evidence that tagged dolphins moved coincident with changes in salinity. One tagged dolphin spent at least 35 consecutive days, and 75 days in total, in salinity under 5 parts per thousand. Health assessments took place early in a seasonal period of decreased salinity. Nonetheless, we found an increased prevalence of skin lesions, as well as abnormalities in serum biochemical markers and urine:serum osmolality ratios for dolphins sampled in lower salinity areas. This study provides essential information on the likely behavioral responses of dolphins to changes in salinity (e.g., severe storms or from the proposed Mid-Barataria Sediment Diversion project) and on physiological markers to inform the timing and severity of impacts from low salinity exposure.
Feature selection to classify lameness using a smartphone-based inertial measurement unit
Authors: Arita Satoshi , Nishiyama Daisuke , Taniguchi Takaya , Fukui Daisuke , Yamanaka Manabu , Yamada Hiroshi
Published: September 2021

Background and objectives

Gait can be severely affected by pain, muscle weakness, and aging resulting in lameness. Despite the high incidence of lameness, there are no studies on the features that are useful for classifying lameness patterns. Therefore, we aimed to identify features of high importance for classifying population differences in lameness patterns using an inertial measurement unit mounted above the sacral region.

Methods

Features computed exhaustively for multidimensional time series consisting of three-axis angular velocities and three-axis acceleration were carefully selected using the Benjamini–Yekutieli procedure, and multiclass classification was performed using LightGBM (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA, USA). We calculated the relative importance of the features that contributed to the classification task in machine learning.

Results

The most important feature was found to be the absolute value of the Fourier coefficients of the second frequency calculated by the one-dimensional discrete Fourier transform for real input. This was determined by the fast Fourier transformation algorithm using data of a single gait cycle of the yaw angular velocity of the pelvic region.

Conclusions

Using an inertial measurement unit worn over the sacral region, we determined a set of features of high importance for classifying differences in lameness patterns based on different factors. This completely new set of indicators can be used to advance the understanding of lameness.
Effects on annual income changes after radical radiotherapy versus after prostatectomy in patients with localized prostate cancer with a specific employment status: A web-based pilot study
Authors: Minamitani Masanari , Mukai Tomoya , Yamashita Hideomi , Katano Atsuto , Nakagawa Keiichi
Published: September 2021

Men with localized prostate cancers are insured for undergoing radical radiotherapy or prostatectomy. However, limited information is available on the influence of cancer treatments on patients’ employment status in Japan. Therefore, in this web-based survey, we aimed to compare the effects of post-treatment changes on the annual income of patients with prostate cancer after undergoing radical radiotherapy and prostatectomy and to identify the risk factors associated with the decrease in annual income. We investigated the clinical characteristics and demographics including pre-treatment working status, self-employment, non-regular employment, working for wage or salary, and joblessness of patients with localized prostate cancer. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to analyze the effects of various factors on the change in the annual income of self-employed and non-regularly employed workers. Seventy-eight eligible patients with localized prostate cancer had undergone radiotherapy, and 128 patients had undergone prostatectomy. Among self-employed and non-regularly employed workers, post-treatment income decline rates in those who underwent radiotherapy were smaller but not significant (12% vs. 42%, P = 0.074). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that initial treatment for prostate cancer was the only significant risk factor for the post-treatment income decline among self-employed and non-regularly employed workers. Radiotherapy was associated with a smaller decrease in income (odds ratio, 0.22; 95% confidence interval, 0.052–0.95; P = 0.042). Our novel results implied the effectiveness of radiotherapy in preventing post-treatment income decline among patients with prostate cancer based on specific employment status: self-employed or non-regularly employed.
Responsabilidad del Docente ante la Vulnerabilidad del consumo de Drogas. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas
Authors: Rebolledo Malpica Dinora , Oviedo Rodríguez Ruth , Navas Román Jessica , Donoso Triviño Alicia
Published: September 2021

En la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad de Guayaquil, se puede observar que estudiantes y profesionales de salud son vulnerables al consumo de drogas. También existe el acceso libre de personas que no están vinculadas a las carreras, quienes podrían infiltrarse individuos con intenciones de comercializar sustancias sujetas a fiscalización.El objetivo de este estudio fue interpretar el comportamiento del docente y su responsabilidad ante el consumo de drogas en estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias Médica.El método se basa en un enfoque interpretativo y una metodología cualitativa, para lo cual se seleccionaron 6 docentes de las diferentes carreras de la Facultad, a los se les realizo una entrevista en profundidad. Se transcribieron los datos para su posterior interpretación, con el método de análisis de la categorización.Los resultados se expresaron en tres categorías: Negación de la realidad del consumo de drogas, Reconocimiento del Docente sobre la Vulnerabilidad del consumo de Drogas y la responsabilidad real del docente de la UG respecto al consumo de drogas por parte de los estudiantes.La conclusión señala que los docentes no se involucran con el problema del consumo de drogas en la facultad, que los asuntos de convivencia de los estudiantes con su entorno, no le afecta a su proceso enseñanza – aprendizaje. Además, niega haber vivido alguna experiencia dentro de su aula que evidencie que sus estudiantes están consumiendo drogas. Esto lleva a la conclusión que los docentes de la Facultad de Ciencias médicas no asumen su responsabilidad ante la vulnerabilidad del consumo de drogas en los estudiantes.
Vivencias del personal de enfermería en el manejo de catéter venoso percutáneo en el Hospital General Latacunga
Authors: Peñaloza Zabala Selene Anabel , Analuisa Jiménez Eulalia Isabel
Published: September 2021

Introducción: En la unidad de neonatología el profesional de enfermería juega un papel importante en el cuidado y manejo de vías percutáneas, que reciben tratamientos prolongados para sus diversas patologías.Objetivo: Determinar las vivencias del personal de enfermería en el manejo de catéter venoso percutáneo en el Hospital General Latacunga.Metodología: Diseño cualitativo fenomenológico, narrativo, se utilizó el muestreo propositivo, se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 7 enfermeras, cumpliendo con el criterio de saturación de información; el análisis de datos se realizó siguiendo la metodología de Demaziére D. y Dubar C. En rigor, se aseguró credibilidad, confirmación, auditabilidad y transferencias y en ética los principios de privacidad, dignidad, autonomía, respeto y confidencialidad.Resultados: Se realizó una categorización obteniendo: Actividades de enfermería en el manejo de la vía percutánea; Cuidados de enfermería antes, durante y después del manejo del catéter percutáneo; Grado de dificultad y conocimiento; Complicaciones asociadas y actuación de enfermería; Satisfacción del cuidado; Competencias del personal de enfermería para realizar el procedimiento.Conclusión: Una vez que se han conocido los resultados es necesario difundir las experiencias vividas por el profesional de enfermería durante el manejo de un catéter percutáneo en el área de neonatología, debido a que no se ha dado a conocer, cómo el profesional de enfermería está, que siente, qué es lo que hace, cómo actúa frente a situaciones adversas; esto permitirá brindar apoyo, reforzar conocimientos y técnicas al profesional de enfermería.
Telaah Kualitas dan Toksisitas Sedimen
Authors:   Indonesian Institute Of Sciences, Sudarso Jojok , Hendarti Dwi ,   Indonesian Institute Of Sciences
Published: September 2021

Polutan di badan air memiliki kemampuan untuk berikatan dengan bahan partikular yang kemudian akan diendapkan sebagai sedimen. Adanya polutan di sedimen mampu memberikan pengaruh negatif bagi biota yang ada di dalamnya, mulai dari terganggunya tingkat seluler hingga pada skala yang lebih luas berupa punahnya biota akuatik. Hadirnya buku ini memiliki beberapa keunggulan dibandingkan buku lainnya sejenis yang ada di pasaran Indonesia, di antaranya Topik yang disajikan berupa telaah kualitas dan toksikologi sedimen masih relatif baru dikembangkan di Indonesia dibandingkan media air yang sudah lebih dulu banyak dikupas oleh peneliti Indonesia. Mencakup penjelasan mengenai bioavailabilitas polutan yang terikat di sedimen maupun metode untuk mengetahui kriteria/status kontaminasi polutan pada sedimen. Dilengkapi beberapa guideline kualitas sedimen di beberapa negara untuk memudahkan pemangku kepentingan membandingkan nilai konsentrasi kimia dari hasil analisis dengan kemungkinan adanya toksisitas yang ditimbulkan oleh polutan tersebut. Buku ini diharapkan dapat menambah wawasan tentang teknik untuk menilai kualitas dan bioavailabilitas polutan yang terikat dan terendapkan pada sedimen. Selain itu, buku ini juga diharapkan mampu memperkaya pengetahuan tentang teknik menilai kualitas sedimen serta sebagai bahan acuan bagi akademisi, peneliti, mahasiswa, maupun agensi lingkungan yang mendalami kualitas, bioavailabilitas, dan toksisitas polutan pada sedimen.
Contribution of woody elements to tree level reflectance in boreal forests
Authors: Kuusinen Nea , Hovi Aarne , Rautiainen Miina
Published: September 2021

Spectral mixture analysis was used to estimate the contribution of woody elements to tree level reflectance from airborne hyperspectral data in boreal forest stands in Finland. Knowledge of the contribution of woody elements to tree or forest reflectance is important in the context of lea area index (LAI) estimation and, e.g., in the estimation of defoliation due to insect outbreaks, from remote sensing data. Field measurements from four Scots pine ( L.), five Norway spruce ( (L.) Karst.) and four birch ( Roth and Ehrh.) dominated plots, spectral measurements of needles, leaves, bark, and forest floor, airborne hyperspectral as well as airborne laser scanning data were used together with a physically-based forest reflectance model. We compared the results based on simple linear combinations of measured bark and needle/leaf spectra to those obtained by accounting for multiple scattering of radiation within the canopy using a physically-based forest reflectance model. The contribution of forest floor to reflectance was additionally considered. The resulted mean woody element contribution estimates varied from 0.140 to 0.186 for Scots pine, from 0.116 to 0.196 for birches and from 0.090 to 0.095 for Norway spruce, depending on the model used. The contribution of woody elements to tree reflectance had a weak connection to plot level forest variables.Pinus sylvestrisPicea abiesBetula pendulaBetula pubescens
Highly Regioselective Ring-Opening of Epoxides: Synthesis and
Biological Evaluation as Potent Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Lalavani Nilam H. , Bhensdadia Krishna A. , Baluja Shipra H.
Published: September 2021

In present work, a convenient method for the nucleophilic ring-opening of epoxides with secondary
amine in presence of ethyl acetate as a polar aprotic solvent using catalytic amount of base is described.
Present method is highly regioselective and furnishes the products in short time of period with excellent
yield. The regioselectivity of this ring opening was confirmed using FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental
analysis and mass spectral data. The antimicrobial screening of all these synthesized compounds was
done against some bacterial and fungal strains in two polar solvents, DMSO and DMF using agar well
diffusion method. These compounds showed good inhibition of bacterial strains and potent against fungal
strains than standard drug.
A CuAAC Based Click Chemistry Approach for Synthesis of Quinoxaline-1,2,3-Triazole
Hybrid Molecular Library and Its Antimicrobial Evaluation
Authors: Makwana Bhoomi M. , Naliapara Yogesh T.
Published: September 2021

Copper(I)-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) methodology to develop a library of 3-methyl
quinoxaline-1,2,3-triazole hybrid molecules. The designed molecules were synthesized via efficient
and purification free method. The structures of the achieved compounds were recognized based on their
spectral data. The antimicrobial activity for the synthesized compounds was evaluated against four
bacterial species and two fungal strains. Six compounds are broad spectrum molecule, which can inhibit
the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Two molecules show mainly antifungal
activity. Compound 6e shows highest antibacterial as well as antifungal activity.
Characteristics and Risk Factors of Rod Fracture Following Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Noh Sung Hyun , Kim Kyung Hyun , Park Jeong Yoon , Kuh Sung Uk , Kim Keun Su , Cho Yong Eun , Chin Dong Kyu
Published: September 2021

Objective: The aim of study is to investigate the features and risk factors of rod fracture (RF) following adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery.Methods: We searched the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases to identify relevant studies. Patient’s data including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), previous spine surgery, pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO), interbody fusion, fusion to the pelvis, smoking history, preoperative sagittal vertical axis (SVA), preoperative pelvic tilt (PT), preoperative pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis, preoperative thoracic kyphosis (TK), and change in the SVA were documented. Comparable factors were evaluated using odds ratio (OR) and weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI).Results: Seven studies were included. The overall incidence of RF following ASD surgery was 12%. Advanced age (WMD, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.01–4.59; p < 0.002), higher BMI (WMD, 1.98; 95% CI, 0.65–3.31; p = 0.004), previous spine surgery (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.05–2.04; p = 0.02), PSO (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.62–3.19; p < 0.0001), a larger preoperative PT (WMD, 6.17; 95% CI, 3.55–8.97; p < 0.00001), and a larger preoperative TK (WMD, 5.19; 95% CI, 1.41–8.98; p = 0.007) were identified as risk factors for incidence of RF.Conclusion: The incidence of RF in patients following ASD surgery was 12%. Advanced age, higher BMI, previous spine surgery, and PSO were significantly associated with an increased occurrence of RF. A larger preoperative PT and TK were also identified as risk factors for occurrence of RF following ASD surgery.
Outcomes of Posterior Lumbar Hemivertebra Resection and Short Fusion in Patients With Severe Sacral Tilt
Authors: Wang Shengru , Zhang Jianguo , Zhang Yanbin , Du You , Yang Yang , Lin Guanfeng
Published: September 2021

Objective: To introduce surgical strategies to restore coronal balance during limited fusion for early lumbar hemivertebra resection in patients with severe sacral tilt.Methods: Sacral tilt was defined as a sacral tilt angle ≥ 5, and severe sacral tilt was defined as a sacral tilt angle > 10. From July 2004 to December 2017, 73 consecutive patients treated with posterior hemivertebra resection and short fusion in our institution were evaluated. Severe sacral tilt was noted in 26 patients (14 boys and 12 girls), and all were enrolled in this study. Undercorrection of the primary lumbar curve as compensation for the sacral tilt and short fusion was performed in these patients. The medical charts and imaging data of the patients were retrospectively reviewed to evaluate the outcomes.Results: All patients were followed for at least 2 years. The mean age at the time of surgery was 3.7 (2–9) years old, with a total of 31 lumbar hemivertebra excised. On average, 2.8 (2–5) segments were fused for each patient. Sacral tilt minimally improved from 14.5° preoperatively to 13.6° postoperatively (p = 0.15) and remained stable at the follow-up. The overall lumbar curve was 41.9° preoperatively, 11.7° immediately postoperatively, and 14.6° at the final follow-up. The segmental scoliosis curve was 39.1° preoperatively, 9.7° immediately postoperatively, and 11.2° at the final follow-up. Segmental kyphosis was corrected from 27.2° to 6.5° after the surgery and was 7.1° at the latest follow-up.Conclusion: Sacral tilt is seen in patients with congenital scoliosis in lumbar hemivertebra. Undercorrection of the lumbar curve and segmental scoliosis to compensate for sacral tilt and short fusion after hemivertebra resection may be helpful to restore coronal balance and preserve mobility in segments in patients with pronounced severe sacral tilt.
Ligament Augmentation With Mersilene Tape Reduces the Rates of Proximal Junctional Kyphosis and Failure in Adult Spinal Deformity
Authors: Rodnoi Pope , Le Hai , Hiatt Luke , Wick Joseph , Barber Joshua , Javidan Yashar , Roberto Rolando , Klineberg Eric O.
Published: September 2021

Objective: To investigate prevention of proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) and failure (PJF) following adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery utilizing a novel technique of posterior ligament augmentation with polyester fiber tether.Methods: This study evaluated ASD adult patients who underwent posterior decompression and instrumented fusion from the thoracolumbar junction (T9–L1) to the pelvis from 2011–2017. Basic demographic data were obtained. Radiographic outcomes included proximal junctional angle (PJA), sagittal vertical axis, PJK, and PJF. The study population was divided into patients who had ASD surgery with and without ligamentous augmentation.Results: A total of 43 subjects were evaluated, including 20 without and 23 with ligamentous augmentation. PJA increased over time for both groups. PJA was smaller for the augmented group, and rate of increase in PJA was slower in the augmented group (p < 0.0001). The rate of PJK was significantly higher in the nonaugmented group (p = 0.01). PJF was significantly less common in the augmented group (p = 0.003). Time to revision surgery was lower in the nonaugmented group (p = 0.003).Conclusion: Our novel ligament augmentation technique utilizing polyethylene tape is an effective technique to slow progression of the PJA and lower the risk for proximal junctional disease in ASD surgery.
Which Is More Predictive Value for Mechanical Complications: Fixed Thoracolumbar Alignment (T1 Pelvic Angle) Versus Dynamic Global Balance Parameter (Odontoid-Hip Axis Angle)
Authors: Kim Kwang-Ryeol , Huec Jean-Charles Le , Jang Hyun-Jun , Noh Sung-Hyun , Park Jeong-Yoon , Ha Yoon , Kuh Sung-Uk , Chin Dong-Kyu , Kim Keun-Su , Jin Byung-Ho , Cho Yong-Eun , Kim Kyung-Hyun
Published: September 2021

Objective: In this study, we investigate about relationship between postoperative global sagittal imbalance and occurrence of mechanical complications after adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. In global sagittal balance parameters, odontoid-hip axis (OD-HA) angle and T1 pelvic angle (TPA) were analyzed.Methods: Between January 2009 and December 2016, 199 consecutive patients (26 males and 173 females) with ASD underwent corrective fusion of more than 4 levels and were followed up for more than 2 years. Immediate postoperative and postoperative 2 years whole spine x-rays were checked for evaluating immediate postoperative OD-HA, TPA, and other parameters. In clinical outcomes, back and leg pain visual analogue scale, Scoliosis Research Society-22 spinal deformity questionnaire (SRS-22), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), 36- item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) were evaluated.Results: Based on the occurrence of mechanical complications, a comparative analysis was performed for each parameter. In univariable analysis, mechanical complications were significantly much more occurred in OD-HA abnormal group (odds ratio [OR], 3.296; p < 0.001; area under the curve [AUC] = 0.645). In multivariable analysis, the result was much more related (OR, 2.924; p = 0.001; AUC = 0.727). In contrast, there was no significant difference between normal and the occurrence of mechanical complications in TPA. In clinical outcomes (normal vs. abnormal), the differences of SRS-22 (0.88 ± 0.73 vs. 0.68 ± 0.64, p = 0.042), ODI (-24.72 ± 20.16 vs. -19.01 ± 19.95, p = 0.046), SF-36 physical composite score (19.33 ± 18.55 vs. 12.90 ± 16.73, p = 0.011) were significantly improved in OD-HA normal group.Conclusion: The goal of ASD surgery is to improve patient life quality through correction. In our study, TPA was associated with spinopelvic parameter and OD-HA angle was associated with health-related quality of life and complications. OD-HA angle is predictable factor for mechanical complications after ASD surgery.
The Relationship Between Preoperative Cervical Sagittal Balance and Clinical Outcome of Patients With Hirayama Disease Treated With Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
Authors: Lu Xiao , Xu Guang-Yu , Nie Cong , Zhang Yu Xuan , Song Jian , Jiang Jian-Yuan
Published: September 2021

Objective: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a common surgical method used to treat patients with Hirayama disease. And sagittal balance indexes have been revealed to be predictors of clinical outcomes in patients with cervical diseases, but their relationships with ACDF-treated Hirayama disease outcomes remain unknown. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship of preoperative cervical sagittal balance indexes and clinical outcomes in ACDF-treated Hirayama disease patients.Methods: Eighty patients with Hirayama disease treated by ACDF were reviewed retrospectively. Six cervical sagittal balance parameters were collected including Cobb angle, T1 slope, C1–7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA), C2–7 SVA, center of gravity of the head (CGH)-C7 SVA, range of motion. The recovery outcomes of the patients were divided into 2 groups by Odom score and the differences in recovery between the 2 groups were confirmed by electromyography. The correlation between imaging parameters and postoperative outcome was evaluated with logistic regression. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the significant result of logistic regression and the optimal diagnostic value.Results: Only 2 parameters, Cobb angle and CGH-C7 SVA, showed statistical correlation with the postoperative outcome assessment by logistic regression. AUC of Cobb angle and CGH-C7 SVA were 0.559 and 0.702 respectively. The optimal predictive threshold was 1.50° and 5.40 mm, respectively.Conclusion: A larger Cobb angle and smaller CGH-C7 SVA seemed to correlate with a better postoperative outcome. These 2 factors could be used to predict the outcome of surgical treatment of Hirayama disease preoperatively.
A Study to Assess the Attitude of Medical Students towards Learning Communication Skills in a Teaching Hospital in Kerala
Authors: Sreelatha V. K. , Manjula V. D.
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Communication plays a crucial role in the present era of medical litigations and hospital attacks. A good doctor has to be a good communicator. 80 % of medical errors are due to communication failure as reported in a study. The need for improving the medical communication skills of health professionals is getting recognized. The use of structured programme of effective and formal communication skills training is the need of the hour. In order to improve communication skills, Medical council of India (MCI) has launched the ATECOM (attitude, ethics and communication) module in the MBBS curriculum from 2019. The purpose of this study was to assess the attitude of medical students towards learning communication skills. METHODS A total of 447 students from 7 batches were enrolled in the study. All students were asked to fill up the communication skills attitude scale (CSAS) questionnaire which consists of 13 positive attitude questions and 13 negative attitude questions which was scored in Likert’s scale. The data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). RESULTS There were a total of 447 students, of which 128 were males and 319 were females. The mean total score for positive attitude was 54.19 (SD - 5.99) and the mean score for negative attitude was 33.42 (SD - 5.27). The mean positive attitude score was more for females (54.61; SD - 5.82) than males (53.15; SD - 6.28) and the difference was statistically significant. The female students had a lesser mean negative attitude score compared to males. Batch wise analysis was done using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The P value for total positive score between batches was 0.001 and for total negative score was 0.28. CONCLUSION The study showed an overall positive attitude to learning communication skills with girls showing a more positive attitude and less negative attitude than boys. KEY WORDS Attitude, Communication skills, Medical Students, Competency
Exploring the Effect on 5 Senses in Children under Nitrous Oxide Sedation
Authors: Goyel Vinita , Jain Aman , Mathur Shivani , Sachdev Vinod , Singh Shambhavi
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Sensation and perception are two separate processes that are very closely related. Sensation is the input about the outside world obtained by our sensory receptors while perception is the difficult system by which the brain selects, organizes and interprets these sensations. Effects of nitrous oxide on the sensation and perception has not been unturned although role in physiological, anxiolytic, behavioural, psychomotor and analgesic parameters have been examined in both children and adults. The human senses have long been unnoticed, despite their responsiveness being of great importance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nitrous oxide inhalation sedation on 5 senses i.e. sight, hearing, touch, smell and taste at different titrations of nitrous oxide and oxygen. METHODS 7 to 12 years old children with Frankl’s behaviour rating score of 2, 3 and 4 with no prior dental experience and requiring dental treatment under nitrous oxide sedation who were systemically healthy were included in the study. The 5 senses (i.e. hearing, touch, smell, taste and vision) were evaluated with different materials at 4 different titration levels to evaluate the effect of nitrous oxide on the 5 senses T0: 100 % oxygen, T1: 30 % nitrous oxide, T2: 50 % nitrous oxide, T3: 100 % oxygen. RESULTS The results of the present study depicted that there is significant difference in the perception of various senses at different concentrations of nitrous oxide and also when compared to baseline values. It was observed that the patient regained the normal perception in 5 minutes after 100 % oxygen post-operatively. CONCLUSIONS Nitrous oxide is found to depress/relax one’s senses too. KEY WORDS Vision, Smell, Taste, Touch, Sound, Perception, Consciousness, Nitrous Oxide Sedation, Oxygen, Behaviour