bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reseña Sin filias ni fobias. Memorias de un fiscal incómodo. Santiago Nieto Castillo. 2019. México: Grijalbo.
Authors: García Sánchez Enrique Inti
Published: May 2021

El doctor Santiago Nieto Castillo, presenta sus memorias de casos que, a lo largo de dos años como fiscal especializado para la atención de delitos electorales, le tocó enfrentar, tocando temas medulares para el desarrollo de la democracia formal y sustantiva de México. La obra es un retrovisor y un visor al futuro del diseño constitucional de la materia electoral administrativa, jurisdiccional y penal, que parte del actual contexto político mexicano de transición, y de toda la trayectoria académica y profesional de un ser humano que se volvió incomodo por hacer que las instituciones funcionen para lo que fueron diseñadas.
Orgullo y Prejuicio. Reputación e Imagen de México.
Authors: Bautista Flores Elizabeth
Published: May 2021

Reseña de libro
Sustentabilidad y Competitividad en la Empresa Familiar Restaurantera. Estudio del contexto de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua
Authors: González Macías Carlos Jesús , Mendoza Arvizo Ulises
Published: May 2021

En el ámbito del turismo, entre ellos los restaurantes, los datos que existen sobre empresas familiares son relativamente pocos en comparación con otros ámbitos estudiados en estas empresas. Cada día el mercado exige mayor integridad por parte de dichas empresas para alcanzar sustentabilidad de acuerdo con las condiciones cambiantes actuales. El presente artículo hace un recorrido literario acerca de la relación existente entre la sustentabilidad y la competitividad en este tipo de empresas en el contexto de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua. En este particular contexto, las condiciones propias del lugar y la cultura de la región juegan un papel relevante en las decisiones que toman los empresarios. En la primera ciudad en importancia en el estado de Chihuahua, la situación de las empresas familiares restauranteras en cuanto a sustentabilidad y competitividad, es extremamente relevante para el futuro de estas y como consecuencia para generar empleo y progreso en la región.
Inserción laboral de inmigrantes mexicanas calificadas en Estados Unidos - 2018
Authors: Barrios de la O María Inés
Published: May 2021

México-Estados Unidos es considerado como el corredor migratorio más relevantes a nivel mundial, esto debido a su larga data, volumen y dinámica. A través del tiempo el perfil migratorio a variado, tomando diferentes características y atributos. En recientes décadas, se ha identificado que un perfil que se destaca en el stock de inmigrantes mexicanos en Estados Unidos ha sido el de las mujeres, particularmente de aquellas que cuentan con estudios de licenciatura y posgrado. En este sentido, el objetivo del presente artículo es mostrar un panorama de la inserción laboral de las migrantes mexicanas calificadas en el mercado laboral estadounidense.
LAS PARTES INTERESADAS O STAKEHOLDERS EN EL PROCESO DE DESARROLLO DE LAS ACTIVIDADES TURÍSTICAS
Authors: Heredia Maria Elena , Zizaldra Hernández Isabel , Urrutia de la Garza Jesús Alberto
Published: May 2021

En este artículo el objetivo es ampliar la base de investigación al conceptualizar cómo se pueden gestionar los múltiples intereses de los interesados en los procesos de desarrollo y planeación del turismo. En este sentido, es significativo el surgimiento de la Teoría de las Partes Interesadas o Stakeholders para llenar el vacío de conocimiento en cuanto a la explicación de la manera en que las diferentes partes involucrados (Comunidades Locales, Turistas, Gobiernos Estatal y Federal), deben participar en la planeación del desarrollo turístico de las comunidades anfitrionas y de los beneficios obtenidos y repartidos con base en su nivel de participación. En el desarrollo de la investigación la Teoría de las Partes Interesadas se ha integrado en la elaboración de la planeación del desarrollo turístico, pues éste desarrollo ha estado influido por diversos grupos o personas con intereses diferentes y, por consiguiente, se explica la manera en que éstas diferentes partes interesadas deben estar trabajando conjuntamente en la formulación de políticas y planeación del desarrollo turístico, el trabajo conjunto genera beneficios en el desarrollo turístico de los destinos anfitriones. Lo relevante del involucramiento de las partes interesadas es la experiencia y aprendizaje en la gestión del turismo y planeación del turismo, han desempeñado, como consecuencia, un papel significativo en el desarrollo de los destinos turísticos.
构建福建省本科高校教育国际化评价指标体系及现况分析
Authors: 苏 锦俊
Published: May 2021

高等教育国际化在未来将会成为高校发展的方向，尤其在未来中国大陆高校的发展上扮演了重要的角色。当前，福建省高校国际化的发展还不是十分令人满意，因而，构建出一套适用于福建省本科高校的国际化评价指标体系，并针对福建省应用型大学的国际化进行分析，对于推进福建省高校国际化进程以及提升福建省高校的教育竞争力是十分有意义的。本文应用文献分析法，通过对中外文献及机构提出的高校国际化评价指标体系的整理，并结合福建省高等教育发展面临的具体问题，初步构建出了一套评价体系，而后利用德尔菲法，最终设计出了一套福建省本科高校教育国际化评价指标体系。该体系包括了5项一级指标，他们分别是战略及理念、人员流动、合作办学、教学与课程、学术交流，以及22项二级指标。最后比较了公立院校和私立院校的教师在二级指标重要性方面的不同重点，并提出研究结论与发展。
台湾农产品汇率贸易影响之研究
Authors: 李 国华
Published: May 2021

城市国际化是21世纪全球各大城市发展的首要目标，国际间经贸与文化活动大都透过各国城市网络来联系，因此各国城市无不希望成为国际经贸网络之重要枢纽；而国际会议、展览在一个城市举办數量之多寡，攸关该城市国际化曝光之程度，因此世界各大都市全力争取国际会议或国际展览之举办，俾造就一个会议观光都市。 会议展览产业（Meetings, Incentives, Conventions, Exhibitions，简称MICE产业）受到各大城市的重视，主要因为它包含旅馆、餐饮、医疗、文化创意和旅游等服务产业，商业关连性强且包含项目极广，具乘數经济效益，被视为全球化新兴潜力的商业类项，各项国际会议与会展产业相继崛起，亚太地区各城市莫不全力于推动会议展览产业。高雄市结合高高屏整体资源，或利用高雄港口航运特色举办会议展览等配套措施，均可以提升高雄市的硬件功能，形成高雄都会展产业特色、服务与价格上的优势。因此，本研究基于资源基础，分析高雄市之会展产业能否基于自身条件优势，发生空间聚集而发展，又或者能否透过邻近地区的关系促成会展业的发展，并提出政策建议。
新时代情感营销策略研究—以南方黑芝麻糊为例
Authors: 王 静 , 林 诗瑶
Published: May 2021

随着生活环境和工作环境的变化，现代人对生活质量的追求逐渐倾向于简单和回归自然，渴望在纷扰的社会经济生活中体验自然与单纯。观之快销品行业，在市场份额意味着竞争力，意味着品牌生命力的今天，各大厂商为了占领市场使出浑身解数，而关注现代人的情感走向，展开情感营销，也逐渐成为其赢得市场份额的一大诀窍。本文通过分析南方黑芝麻糊的情感营销战略来展现情感营销在如今营销战略中的重要位置。
知识共享背景下期刊商业模式的创新
Authors: 杨 国梁
Published: May 2021

在知识经济体制下，知识除了是组织成功的最基本资产，亦可作为一种商品或服务，由被称为“知识市场”的定价机制所支配的市场进行交易、共享、转移与交换；然而，知识作为推进科技文明与经济成长的动力，仍具有公共财的特性，在一定程度上应以开放取用的态度以促进学术信息的正常交往。本文对于学术期刊在知识共享、开放取用与股权分享之间的平衡，提出具商业可行性的创新作法（开放股权，OE），使从事科学研究的投稿者除了能找回科学研究与学术创新最原始的初衷（效用最大化），并能分享知识累积的商业价值（利润最大化），作为期刊的合伙股东，更能作为学术期刊追求高质量与永续性的守门者。
知识创新与发明—以国际发明学会成功发展为例
Authors: 闵 庭辉
Published: May 2021

「知识创新」是不断追求新的发展、探索新的规律、创立新的学说，将知识不断地应用到新的领域，并且在新的领域不断创新，创造知识的附加价值。「发明」是一种独特的、创新的有形或无形物，或是指其开发的过程，可以是指对机械、装置、产品、概念、制度的创新或改进。知识创新与发明是人类文明进步的原动力，唯有不断的知识创新与发明，才能创造人类未来的福祉。
CCKids嘻嘻玩科普
Authors: 高 德明 , 陈 宽泽 , 李 筱媛
Published: May 2021

CCKids嘻嘻玩科普是一个从一开始就希望专注在南部的亲子活动，最初会起心动念，实在是因为深刻感受到南部家长们的深深冀望，以及对于南部孩子们被忽视的不忍，当然还有对于南部市场广大科学教育需求的认同，所以倍嘉国际会展有限公司和小史塔克科普实验工作室，这两个只想专注在南部，为更多孩子努力的单位就这样不约而同的走在了一起。这一路走来虽然辛苦，但我们应该还是比许多单位更加幸运，因为南部市场真的如我们想象的有非常强大的需求，强大到我们可以不用依靠政府经费，就在第一年筹办起占地6,500坪的大型科普亲子活动，两天人潮高达五万人，真心让我们受到非常大的鼓励，也更加深我们继续在南部坚持下去的志愿！
以创意传家的金讃船家堡
Authors: 蔡 玲玲
Published: May 2021

位于安平老街，与安平古堡为邻的巷弄内，出现了一艘船屋，我们好奇的走进去问，老板笑说：「这是郑成功时代搁浅的啦!」 原来这是清光绪年间安平第一栋闽式2层楼的建筑，号称安平第一楼。
¿Qué existe?
Authors: García-Belaunde Víctor
Published: May 2021

En el ensayo se hará un análisis de las filosofías materialista y dualista de la Antigua Grecia. Se determinará la composición de la existencia, se evaluará la Filosofía de la Naturaleza de Demócrito y se ofrecerán críticas a los planteamientos inmateriales. Finalmente, se esbozará un recuento desde el Big Bang hasta la aparición de la consciencia sin apelar a recursos sobrenaturales.
¿Qué es la Extrapolítica?
Authors: Gayozzo Piero
Published: May 2021

La humanidad atraviesa diversas crisis y las ideologías políticas tradicionales no han logrado dar muestra de su eficacia al intentar resolverlas. Por otro lado, nos adentramos a una Cuarta Revolución Industrial que pone a disposición nuevas herramientas. En el siguiente texto se describen cuáles serían los pilares sobre los que se deba construir la Extrapolítica, la cual definimos como una acción política que pueda conjugar la ciencia y las novedades tecnológicas desde un enfoque humanista.
¿Debemos tratar de mejorar la naturaleza humana?
Authors: García-Belaunde Víctor
Published: May 2021

Primero, este documento explicará por qué la mejora humana (human enhancement) siempre ha sido una práctica propia de la humanidad y por qué rechazar el mejoramiento humano es negar el impulso humano fundamental para la superación. Segundo, distinguiremos entre un "estado natural" y un "estado artificial" antes de definir a los humanos como agentes artificiales que desean condiciones artificiales. Como agentes artificiales, la especie humana tiende a apartarse del estado natural original y primitivo hacia un estado artificial o tecnológico más avanzado. En tercer lugar, examinaremos los dos argumentos importantes contra el transhumanismo y explicaremos por qué son inexactos o erróneos. Por un lado, la creencia de que la mejora trivializa la identidad humana y, por otro lado, el argumento que considera que la mejora humana es "jugar a ser Dios".
¿Qué es el Transhumanismo?
Authors: Gayozzo Piero
Published: May 2021

El transhumanismo es un movimiento filosófico que propone el Mejoramiento Humano (Human Enhancement) como medio para lograr un estado evolutivo más fructífero del Homo Sapiens al que denomina Transhumano. En el presente documento a modo de recuento y contribución teórica del pensamiento transhumanista se responderá primero a la pregunta qué es el Transhumanismo, así como se definirán los conceptos propios de su filosofía; y segundo, se planteará cuál es el proyecto que posee.
El Virus Conspirativo: Una vacuna
Authors: López de Pomar Fabrizio
Published: May 2021

La actual pandemia genera incertidumbres de todo tipo, llevando a las personas a buscar explicaciones satisfactorias que les de orden y sentido a sus experiencias vitales. Actualmente, el enemigo común se ha vuelto un nuevo coronavirus. Pero las incertidumbres significativas persisten y en esa búsqueda de respuestas aparecen también las teorías conspirativas, aquellas que señalan confabulaciones entre poderosos como la causa de los problemas más importantes. El artículo utilizará la metáfora de virus conspirativo para analizar el pensamiento conspirativo, su naturaleza, efectos y posible vacuna.
Natural and Synthetic Biodegradable Polymers: Different Scaffolds for Cell Expansion and Tissue Formation
Authors: Asti Annalia , Gioglio Luciana
Published: May 2021

The formation of tissue produced by implanted cells is influenced greatly by the scaffold onto which they are seeded. In the long term it is often preferable to use a biodegradable material scaffold so that all the implanted materials will disappear, leaving behind only the generated tissue. Research in this area has identified several natural biodegradable materials. Among them, hydrogels are receiving increasing attention due to their ability to retain a great quantity of water, their good biocompatibility, their low interfacial tension, and the minimal mechanical and frictional irritation that they cause. Biocompatibility is not an intrinsic property of materials; rather it depends on the biological environment and the tolerability that exists with respect to specific polymer-tissue interactions. The most often utilized biodegradable synthetic polymers for 3D scaffolds in tissue engineering are saturated poly-a-hydroxy esters, including poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(glycolic acid) (PGA), as well as poly(lactic-co-lycolide) (PLGA) copolymers. Hard materials provide compressive and torsional strength; hydrogels and other soft composites more effectively promote cell expansion and tissue formation. This review focuses on the future potential for understanding the characteristics of the biomaterials considered evaluated for clinical use in order to repair or to replace a sizable defect by only harvesting a small tissue sample.
A CLASS OF FUNCTIONS AND THEIR DEGREE OF APPROXIMATION BY ALMOST $(N, p, \alpha)$ METHOD
Authors: SINHA RAJIV , KUMAR HEMANT
Published: May 2021

Qureshi [6] proved a theorem for the degree of approximation of a periodic function $\bar f$, conjugate to a $2\pi$-periodic function $f$ and belonging to the class Lip $\theta$, by almost matrix mean of its conjugate series. The above theorem was further generalized by Qureshi and Nema [8] for a function belonging to the class $W(L^p, \Psi_1(t))$ by almost matrix mean. In the present paper we have discussed degree of approximation of above class of functions by almost $(N , p, \alpha)$ method.
OSCILLATIONS OF SOLUTIONS TO PARABOLIC EQUATIONS WITH DEVIATING ARGUMENTS
Authors: TANAKA SATOSHI , YOSHIDA NORIO
Published: May 2021

Nonlinear parabolic equations with deviating arguments arc studied and sufficient conditions are derived for every solution of boundary value problems to be oscillatory in a cylindrical domam. Two kinds of boundary conditions are considered. Our approach is to reduce the multi-dimensional problem to a one-dimensional problem for differential inequalities of neutral type.
LOCAL AND UNIFORM NEAR SMOOTHNESS OF SOME BANACH SPACES
Authors: OLSZOWY LESZEK
Published: May 2021

In this paper we give an estimate of the modulus of near smoothness of the space $c_o(E_i)$. In the case of the space $c_o(l_{p_i})$ the exact formula for this modulus is derived. Moreover, we show that the properties of near uniform smoothness and local near uniform smoothness are hereditary with respect to the product space $c_o(E_i)$.
Assessment of genetic diversity in sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) accessions from Mongolia based on RAPD markers
Authors: Sandag Zolzaya , Balchin Dorjderem , Enkhtuya Ariya , Myagmar Nomin , Oyunbat Nomuun , Buyanbat Khurelsukh , Batnasan Sosorburam , Badam Ninj , Sandagdorj Jamiyansuren , Tsendsuren Oyunsuren , Davaakhuu Gantulga
Published: May 2021

Hippophae rhamnoides L., which belongs to the Elaegnaceae family, is one of the medically and environmentally valuable berry crops with its high nutritious and bioactive compounds. Despite its high demand in the food, medicinal and agricultural industries, this species has been less studied molecularly. In view of this, an effort has been made in the present study to characterize 24 accessions of H. rhamnoides collected from different geographical regions of Mongoliaa through random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. A total of 10 RAPD primers were used in the present study for their ability to produce clear, scorable amplicons. The RAPD analysis totally generated 87 bands, of which 84 (96.34%) were polymorphic, pointing to a high degree of genetic variation. The similarity coefficient ranged from 0.4-1 with the mean of 0.78. The UPGMA dendrogram was generated using these data grouped accessions into two main clusters. Cluster analysis reflected a relatively close relationship between accessions grown at the same or neighbouring areas. Thus, our data could be informative for further selection and management of germplasm collections and crossing strategies for sea buckthorn.
Forest fire risk assessment model using Remote sensing and GIS techniques in Tujiin nars national park, Mongolia
Authors: Altangerel Munkh-Erdene , Damdinsuren Amarsaikhan , Enkhtuya Jargaldalai , Erdenebaatar Nyamjargal
Published: May 2021

Forest is an important natural resource that should be carefully protected and rationally managed. In recent years, deforestation and forest land degradation have become the main concern for forest specialists as well as policy and decision-makers dealing with environment issues. It has been found that much of the existing forests have been destroyed, mainly by shifting cultivation, timber preparation, legal and illegal logging, and forest fires. To protect and conserve the deteriorating forest, it is very important to conduct forest-related risk assessment and map the outcomes in a spatial domain. The aim of this research is to conduct a forest fire risk assessment mapping of Tujiin Nars National Park using geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) techniques. The research approach is based on an empirical model. It includes three parameters (i.e. geomorphology, vegetation cover combustibility and human activity) that are crucial for the forest fire assessment. The results of the study can be used for different decision making processes.
Estimating spatial distribution of aridity and moisture indices of Mongolia using remotely sensed time series data
Authors: Otgonbayar Munkhdulam , Sumiya Erdenesukh , Tovuudorj Renchinmyadag
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study is to estimate the spatial distribution of aridity and moisture indices using remotely sensed time-series data. For the analysis, we have chosen two simple climatic indices. One of two indices was the De Martonne aridity index, and the other one was the Mezentsev moisture index. The study area covers the total territory of Mongolia (~1.566 × 106 km2). Both indices could be estimated from meteorological station-based air temperature and precipitation. However, meteorological station-based recorded precipitation and temperature data with long coverage are only available from a limited number of stations with insufficient spatial coverage. In other words, these datasets suffer from uneven geographic coverage, with many areas of the Earth poorly represented. In this study, therefore, we have used satellite-derived temperature and precipitation data. Monthly mean air temperature has been estimated from MODIS LSTd, LSTn, and elevation using RF regression. Precipitation data has been extracted from Climate Hazards Group Infra-Red Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS) datasets. CHIRPS is gauge-satellite combined precipitation data. Based on De Martonne and Mezensev formulas, and satellite-derived meteorological data, spatial distribution maps of aridity and moisture indices in Mongolia were generated. The study result showed that aridity was observed in all areas of southern Mongolia, and some areas in the west, and grassland areas in the east, which is largely included in the dry steppe, desert-steppe, and gobi desert zones. Moisture was observed in the forest and forest-steppe areas in north, central, northeastern, and eastern Mongolia. A comparison of the aridity index and moisture index shows the following: of the total territory, aridity is 31.9:31.4 percent, humidity 14.7:13.4 percent respectively. Dry steppe, desert steppe, and Gobi desert zones are extremely sensitive to water resource variability and availability.
Particulate matter concentrations during winter seasons of 2016-2020 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Authors: Byambajav Ganzorig , Batbaatar Bayarmaa , Ariunsaikhan Ariundelger , Chonokhuu Sonomdagva
Published: May 2021

In this study, we have focused on the outdoor concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during the coldest months (November-February) of 2016-2019 and January-February of 2020 and illustrated the daily, monthly and quarterly averages according to the single-point measurement data collected by the PM2.5 sensor at an air quality monitoring station located in a central area of Ulaanbaatar. The study also analyzes monthly high, low, average and median points of PM2.5 concentrations in the area that was selected. The PM2.5 sensor collects its data at an interval of every ten seconds, registers 8500 data in one day and presents the concentration of fine particulate matter in micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m3). On the basis of data collection and analysis, from November through February of 2019-2020, average PM2.5 concentration dropped noticeably by 44 per cent compared to the previous years. The Government of Mongolia took immediate action to combat air pollution of Ulaanbaatar city in May 2019 by banning the burning of raw coal in the ger districts, which account for 70 per cent of the city’s emissions, and introduced coal briquette as the only type of fuel that was allowed to be burned in metal stoves as a primary source of heating and cooking. Our study reveals that the latest government regulation had a considerable impact on air quality during winter 2019-2020 and helped in the sudden decline of the most dangerous pollutant PM2.5 concentration very close to national standards (50 µg/m3 24-hour mean) within 6 months since the enforcement of the new regulation.
Energy cooperation between Mongolia and Russia: past, present, and future
Authors: Batmunkh Sereeter , Boris Saneev , Batkhuyag Sodov , Ochirbat Punsalmaa , Tumenjargal Makhbal , Anatoly Lagerev , Alexander Sokolov , Popov Sergei
Published: May 2021

The paper showcases the experience of energy cooperation between Mongolia and Russia and it gives a brief description of the current state and outlines strategic directions of energy cooperation between the two countries from the perspective of current energy cooperation priorities in the Northeast Asian countries, and active mutually beneficial participation of Mongolia and Russia in this process. Prerequisites for cooperation and conditions for successful intercountry projects in individual industries of the energy sector are considered in the study.
Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) as a Tool for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Surveillance in the Military
Authors: Zubairu Sadiq Idris
Published: May 2021

Context: Military organizations like civilian communities are under considerable threat due to COVID-19 and other re-emerging infectious diseases, which may impair their operations and training. The aim of this review was to discuss the application of RT-PCR technology for detecting and surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 among armed forces to successfully halt COVID-19 transmission. Evidence Acquisition: Relevant literature was collected from PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar Results: By combining both detection and quantification of pathogens, RT-PCR provides a reliable and sensitive method for detecting SARS-CoV-2 via targeting the viral ORF1ab, E, and N genes. Military surveillance plays an important role in the early detection and identification of positive cases, isolating infected patients, contact tracing, and quarantine to contain the spread of the disease among personnel. This technology emerges as a suitable tool for disease surveillance in the military and early detection and control of diseases. Conclusions: The COVID-19 disease has spread into different parts of the world and may affect military training and operations. So, there is a need for active disease surveillance and preparedness plans in the military. Accordingly, RT-PCR, as a standard tool for SARS-CoV-2 detection, can be used for the surveillance and monitoring of military personnel to successfully curtail COVID-19.
The Impact of Climate Change on Heart Failure: A Narrative Review Study
Authors: Kakaei Sasha , Zakerimoghadam Masoumeh , Rahmanian Mehrzad , Abbasi Dolatabadi Zahra
Published: May 2021

Context: Climate change as a global threat has affected all aspects of society, including health. This study aimed to identify the role of climate change factors on cardiovascular diseases. Evidence Acquisition: The current narrative review study searched the databases including EMBASE, PubMed, Science Direct, Ovid, Cochrane Library, Magiran, and SID using Persian and English keywords such as ‘climate change’, ‘cold wave’, ‘heat wave’, ‘temperature decrease’, ‘temperature rise’, ‘heart disease’, ‘heart attack’, and ‘heart failure’ from the beginning of 2000 to the end of 2019. Results: Previous studies have shown that physical factors affect health and contribute to conditions such as cardiovascular disease and even death. Additionally, a relationship can be found between temperature decrease and heart diseases in the literature, while recent studies have shown that temperature rise is directly related to heart diseases. Conclusions: Due to increased greenhouse gas emissions and the increase in temperature, the world is witnessing a massive climate change. Considering the increase in the incidence and mortality rates due to heart diseases and the role of climate change in this increase, health policymakers need to focus on setting guidelines for reducing the complications of these diseases in high-risk groups based on the relevant studies.
Comparison of Peritoneal Closure Versus Non-closure After Non-infected Elective Laparotomy with a Midline Incision: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Mohammadi Tofigh Arash , Jafarzadeh Mohammad Hossein
Published: May 2021

Background: There is no consensus regarding closure or non-closure of peritoneum in laparotomy, and this topic remains a controversy among surgeons. Objectives: This clinical trial aimed to compare short-term and long-term benefits of peritoneal closure with non-closure in an academic medical center. Methods: In this double-blinded two-arm parallel-group randomized trial, 124 patients undergoing laparotomy with midline incision were assessed from March 2019 to September 2019 at Imam Hossein Medical Center, Tehran, Iran. We used the Rand function of the Excel software to randomly assign 62 patients to the peritoneal closure group and 62 patients to the non-closure group. The patients were evaluated for short-term complications including wound-related fever, infection, need for analgesics, pain in the first 2, 6, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively according to the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), duration of hospitalization, as well as long-term complications including incisional hernia and intraperitoneal adhesion one year after the surgery. Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS version 22 software. Results: The non-closure peritoneum group had a lower rate of wound-related fever, infection, and analgesic need than the peritoneal closure group, but these differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.488, P = 0.455, and P = 0.062, respectively). The adhesion rate and incisional hernia incidence one year after the surgery were not significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.363, P = 0.586). Pain intensity was significantly lower in the non-closure group than in the closure group in the first two, six, and 24 hours (P = 0.008, P = 0.004, and P = 0.047, respectively) but not significantly at 48 hours (P = 0.146). Conclusions: Peritoneum closure after non-emergency, non-infected laparotomy increases the postoperative pain while it has no benefit for long-term complications like incisional hernia or intra-peritoneal adhesion.
Association of fibroblast growth factor 21 with metabolic syndrome and endothelial function in children: a prospective cross-sectional study on novel biomarkers
Authors: Domouzoglou Eleni M. , Vlahos Antonios P. , Cholevas Vasileios  K. , Papafaklis Michail I. , Chaliasos Nikolaos , Siomou Ekaterini , Michalis Lampros K. , Tsatsoulis Agathocles , Naka Katerina K.
Published: May 2021

Purpose: Metabolic and cardiovascular disease prevention starting in childhood is critical for reducing morbidity later in life. In the present study, the association of novel biomarkers with metabolic syndrome (MS) and vascular function/structure indices of early atherosclerosis in children was investigated.Methods: This was a prospective study of 78 children (8–16 years of age) grouped based on the presence or absence of MS. The serum biomarkers investigated included fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), leptin, adiponectin, and insulinlike growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP1). Endothelial function and carotid atherosclerosis were assessed based on brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and carotid intima-media thickness, respectively.Results: Children with MS (n=12) had higher levels of FGF21 (median [interquartile range]: 128 [76–189] pg/mL vs. 60 [20–98] pg/mL, P=0.003) and leptin (18.1 [11–34.8] pg/mL vs. 7.5 [1.9–16.5] ng/mL, P=0.003), and lower levels of IGFBP1 (1.5 [1.2–2.1] ng/mL vs. 2.3 [1.5–6] ng/mL, P=0.028) compared with children without MS. FMD inversely correlated with FGF21 (Spearman rho= -0.24, P=0.035) and leptin (rho= -0.24, P=0.002) in all children. The best cutoff value of FGF21 levels for MS diagnosis was above 121.3 pg/mL (sensitivity/specificity, 58/86%). Only FGF21 was significantly associated with the presence of MS after adjustment for body mass index, age, and sex (odds ratio per 10 pg/mL increase: 1.10 [95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.22]; P=0.043).Conclusion: Increased FGF21 levels were associated with the presence of MS and worse endothelial function in children. Larger studies are needed to evaluate the potential value of FGF21 as a biomarker that could predict future metabolic/cardiovascular disease at an early stage.
Simulation method of urban evacuation based on mesoscopic cellular automata
Authors: Lü Wei , Wang Jing-Hui , Fang Zhi-Ming , Mao Dun ,   China Research Center for Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China,   School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China,   Business School, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
Published: May 2021

In the traditional cellular automata evacuation model, the space is divided into fine grids at a micro level, which is mainly used in a two-dimensional plane case. The evacuation space is mostly a small-scale architectural space or local area. Therefore, it is difficult to simulate a wide range of evacuation scenario, and there are less researches of the cellular automata model for a wide range of evacuation. Therefore, this article combines the movement characteristics and status of the pedestrian flow to establish a mesoscopic cellular automata model of evacuation applied to larger evacuation scenarios. This model uses road cell division instead of planar grid cell division, which augments the area of a single cell physically, increases the number of people occupied by a single cell, and expresses the number of people in each cell in the form of state variables. By changing personnel density and personnel speed, and by introducing “source loading” cell loading to simulate the evacuation of people in the scene, the behavior of pedestrians evacuating from the building to the road in the actual evacuation process can be simulated. The state transition equation simulates the movement of people in the evacuation process. When the number of people in the cell is larger, the density of people in the cell is higher, and their walking speed also decreases, which reflects the distribution and movement characteristics of pedestrian flow. This paper uses this model to divide the evacuation area of the college campus, and divides the entire campus into four evacuation areas. The evacuees in each area are evacuated corresponding to the corresponding exit, by planning the evacuation path, pedestrians walking from the “source loading” cell to the exit for evacuation. Through simulation, it is possible to analyze the macro-evacuation situation in the scene and observe the status change of a single cell. There are observed a high density of people in local road sections during campus evacuation, and the problem about the distribution of people on campus problems such as unevenness of pedestrian distribution and long evacuation schedules in certain places. Through the simulation of this model, possible problems in the actual evacuation process are found, and the improvement guidance and opinions are presented correspondingly.
Advances in flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor
Authors: Li Feng-Chao , Kong Zhen , Wu Jin-Hua , Ji Xin-Yi , Liang Jia-Jie ,   School of Mateirials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
Published: May 2021

In recent years, the flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor has attracted widespread attention due to the trend of improved wearable electronics applied to the field of electronic skin, disease diagnosis, motion detection and health monitoring. Here in this paper, the latest progress of the exploitation of flexible piezoresistive pressure sensors is reviewed in terms of sensing mechanism, selection of sensing materials, structural design and their advanced application. Firstly, the sensing mechanism of piezoresistive pressure sensors is generally introduced from the band structure of semiconductor materials, seepage theory and tunneling effect of conductive polymer composites and changes in interface contact resistance. Based on these sensing mechanisms, various flexible piezoresistive pressure sensors with high sensitivity, broad sensing range and fast response time have been developed. The selection of composition materials and microstructural design in flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor to implement the optimization of sensing performance are emphatically presented in this review. The composition materials including organic polymer material and inorganic nanomaterial based on two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene and MXene are intensively exhibited. In addition to the above characteristics, these kinds of pressure sensors exhibit high mechanical reversibility and low detection limit, which is essential for detecting the minor motions like respiratory rate and pulse. Moreover, the well-designed structures applied to the composition analysis are also overviewed, such as the sea urchin-like structure, spongy porous structure and regular structure. Various designed structures provide further properties like stability for the flexible pressure sensor. However, comparing with traditional pressure sensor, the mass production and application of flexible pressure sensor are confronting several barriers, like the high cost of raw materials and relatively complex manufacturing processes. How to achieve the low cost and low energy consumption simultaneously on the basis of excellent performance is still a challenge to expanding the applications of flexible pressure sensor. Novel sensing mechanism, functional materials and synthetic integration are expected to be developed in the future. And also, the potential application of flexible pressure sensor will be further expanded after endowing it with more functions.
Exploring Plasmonic Resonances Toward “Large‐Scale” Flexible Optical Sensors with Deformation Stability
Authors: Ghosh Anik Kumar , Sarkar Swagato , Nebel Lisa Julia , Aftenieva Olha , Gupta Vaibhav , Sander Oliver , Das Amit , Joseph Joby , Wießner Sven , König Tobias A. F. , Fery Andreas
Published: May 2021

The next generation of sensors requires a simple yet compact lab on chip‐based precise optical detection mechanism where data interpretation can be achieved with minimum effort. Hereby, cost‐efficient strategies of manufacturing both propagating surface plasmon polariton (SPP) and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensors on flexible platforms are explored via mechanical instabilities and oblique‐angled metal evaporation. Centimeter scaled dielectric grating structures produced by plasma oxidation of pre‐stressed polydimethylsiloxane film have comprised the substrates, thus imparting inherent flexibility. Subsequently, both continuous and discontinuous 1D‐metallic lattices are obtained via vapor deposition of gold at different angles. The optical isotropy (gold surface‐grating) and anisotropy (gold edge‐grating) are distinctly observed as a difference between forward and backward diffraction efficiencies, backed by analytical correlation to the observed orders. Supported with electromagnetic modeling, the SPP and LSPR excitations are experimentally characterized under reflectance and transmittance measurements, along with a demonstration of their sensing capabilities. The LSPR supported flexible sensor provides superiority in terms of sensitivity, which is investigated under mechanical deformations to exhibit consistency of the resonant wavelength. Such consistency is strategically unraveled via “finite element method” based approaches, thus providing a new paradigm of cost‐efficient, large‐scaled flexible sensors.
Multifunctional Carbon Felt Electrode with N‐Rich Defects Enables a Long‐Cycle Zinc‐Bromine Flow Battery with Ultrahigh Power Density
Authors: Lu Wenjing , Xu Pengcheng , Shao Siyuan , Li Tianyu , Zhang Huamin , Li Xianfeng
Published: May 2021

Zinc‐bromine flow batteries (ZBFBs) are regarded as one of the most promising technologies for energy storage owing to high energy density and low cost. However, the sluggish reaction kinetics of Br2/Br− couples and zinc dendrite issue lead to low power density and poor cycle stability. Herein, a multifunctional carbon felt‐based electrode (NTCF) with N‐rich defects is fabricated for ZBFBs. The defects with abundant N‐containing groups on carbon fibers of NTCF provide high catalytic activity on Br2/Br− reactions. Simultaneously, the lower energy barrier of N‐rich defects to adsorb zinc atoms, and more deposition sites on NTCF induce more uniform zinc deposition. Thus, a ZBFB using NTCF as both the anode and cathode can stably operate at an unprecedentedly high current density of 180 mA cm−2 with a coulombic efficiency of 97.25%. Moreover, a long cycle life of over 140 cycles with a coulombic efficiency of 98.93% for a Zn symmetric flow battery at 80 mA cm−2 is achieved under a high areal capacity of 40 mAh cm−2. This current density and areal capacity are by far the highest values ever reported for Zn symmetry flow batteries. Therefore, this work provides an available approach to improve the power density and cycle life of ZBFBs.
Protecting Benzylic CH Bonds by Deuteration Doubles the Operational Lifetime of Deep‐Blue Ir‐Phenylimidazole Dopants in Phosphorescent OLEDs
Authors: Bae Hye Jin , Kim Jong Soo , Yakubovich Alexander , Jeong Jinhoon , Park Sangho , Chwae Jun , Ishibe Satoko , Jung Yongsik , Rai Virendra Kumar , Son Won‐Joon , Kim Sunghan , Choi Hyeonho , Baik Mu‐Hyun
Published: May 2021

Much effort has been dedicated to increase the operational lifetime of blue phosphorescent materials in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), but the reported device lifetimes are still too short for the industrial applications. An attractive method for increasing the lifetime of a given emitter without making any chemical change is exploiting the kinetic isotope effect, where key CH bonds are deuterated. A computer model identifies that the most vulnerable molecular site in an Ir‐phenylimidazole dopant is the benzylic CH bond and predicts that deuteration may hamper the deactivation pathway involving CH/D bond cleavage notably. Experiments show that the device lifetime until the initial luminance diminishes to 70% (LT70) of a prototype phosphorescent OLED device can be doubled to 355 hours with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 25.1% at 1000 cd m−2. This is one of the best operational performances of blue phosphorescent OLEDs observed to date in a single stacked cell.
Rapid Oxidation Indoles into 2‐Oxindoles Mediated by PIFA in Combination with n‐Bu4NCl ⋅ H2O
Authors: Liang Peng , Zhao Hang , Zhou Tingting , Zeng Kaiyun , Jiao Wei , Pan Yang , Liu Yazhou , Fang Dongmei , Ma Xiaofeng , Shao Huawu
Published: May 2021

We report the development of a rapid approach for directly converting indoles into 2‐oxindoles promoted by HOCl formed in situ from the combination of (bis(trifluoroacetoxy) iodo)benzene (PIFA) and n‐Bu4NCl ⋅ H2O. The procedure is widely functional group tolerant and provides 2‐oxindoles in up to 95% yield within 5 min. The potential applications of the developed methodology are demonstrated by the gram‐scale preparation of 3‐methyl‐2‐oxindole (11 a), the one‐pot two‐step syntheses of spiro‐oxindoles 26 a and 26 b, and the formal synthesis of (‐)‐folicanthine (2).

magnified image
Harnessing Additional Capability from in Water Reaction Conditions: Aldol versus Knoevenagel Chemoselectivity
Authors: Nugent Thomas C. , Goswami Falguni , Debnath Samarpita , Hussain Ishtiaq , Ali El Damrany Hussein Hussein , Karn Alka , Nakka Srinuvasu
Published: May 2021

Aldol reaction chemoselectivity, racemic or enantioselective, has not been previously demonstrated in the presence of Knoevenagel active functional groups. Here, we show that unhindered β‐diketones remain unreacted while a ketone moiety undergoes a highly enantioselective aldol desymmetrization resulting in three new stereogenic centers using in water reaction conditions. A mechanistic hypothesis for the chemoselective formation of either aldol or Knoevenagel products is presented. It elucidates how these amino acid catalyzed reactions completely suppress formation of the expected Knoevenagel product under in water (heterogeneous) reaction conditions, but not when water is present as a dissolved cosolvent (homogeneous). Finally, the developed hypothesis reinforces and expands the role of water at an organic‐water interface.

magnified image
Highly Sensitive Capacitive Pressure Sensor Based on a Micropyramid Array for Health and Motion Monitoring
Authors: Zhang Zian , Gui Xuchun , Hu Qingmei , Yang Leilei , Yang Rongliang , Huang Bingfang , Yang Bo‐Ru , Tang Zikang
Published: May 2021

Flexible capacitive pressure sensors with simple structure and low power consumption have attracted great interest because of their promising applications in wearable electronics. However, assembling a pressure sensor with high sensitivity, low detection limit, and wide dynamic range is still a big challenge. Here, a sandwich‐like, flexible capacitive pressure sensor is reported with micropyramid array electrode and porous dielectric layer. Under external stimulus pressure, the distance between two electrodes, and dielectric constant of dielectric layer will change simultaneously, resulting in high sensitivity (2.51 kPa−1) of the sensor. Due to the micropyramid array electrode, the sensor exhibits low detection limit (2.0 Pa), fast response speed (84 ms), wide working range (>10 kPa), and high stability (>5000 dynamic cycles). Finite‐element analysis also reveals that the larger duty ratio and altitude of micropyramid arrays lead to higher sensor sensitivity. By depicting the deformation of micropyramid during compression, the sensing mechanism of these sensors is discovered, providing a potential direction for developing sensitivity and linear range. Additionally, the sensor has been demonstrated to be efficient in monitoring human motion, such as muscle activation and rope skipping, showing high potential in the field of sport wearable equipment.
Energy Scaling of Compositional Disorder in Ternary Transition‐Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayers
Authors: Masenda Hilary , Schneider Lorenz Maximilian , Adel Aly Mohammed , Machchhar Shachi Jayant , Usman Arslan , Meerholz Klaus , Gebhard Florian , Baranovskii Sergei D. , Koch Martin
Published: May 2021

Alloying semiconductors is often used to tune the material properties desired for device applications. The price for this tunability is the extra disorder caused by alloying. In order to reveal the features of the disorder potential in alloys of atomically thin transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) such as MoxW1−xSe2, the exciton photoluminescence is measured in a broad temperature range between 10 and 200 K. In contrast to the binary materials MoSe2 and WSe2, the ternary system demonstrates non‐monotonous temperature dependences of the luminescence Stokes shift and of the luminescence linewidth. Such behavior is a strong indication of a disorder potential that creates localized states for excitons and affects the exciton dynamics responsible for the observed non‐monotonous temperature dependences. A comparison between the experimental data and the results obtained by Monte Carlo computer simulations provides information on the energy scale of the disorder potential and also on the shape of the density of localized states created by disorder. Statistical spatial fluctuations in the distribution of the chemically different material constituents are revealed to cause the disorder potential responsible for the observed effects. A deeper understanding of the disorder‐induced effects is vital for prospective TMD alloy‐based devices.
Grain sorghum production: Influence of planting date, hybrid selection, and insecticide application
Authors: Zander Anna , Lofton Josh , Harris Chase , Kezar Sarah
Published: May 2021

Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] has been a valuable crop for the southern Great Plains due to its ability to overcome the high temperatures and sporadic rain events common in the region. Optimizing production practices has always been critical for grain sorghum to overcome these environmental challenges. In response to sugarcane aphids (SCA), a detrimental pest in grain sorghum production, common agronomic management practices rapidly shifted with no regard to how such changes would affect overall production. This research is aimed to evaluate the effects of the hasty management changes on grain sorghum plant stands and yields in Oklahoma. Trials were established in 2016 and 2017 at the Northcentral Research Station in Lahoma, OK, and the Efaw Research Station near Stillwater, OK. Four planting dates, two hybrid types, and insecticide applications were evaluated on their impact on early‐season stands and crop yield. Findings showed that planting date had the most consistent impact on sorghum yields, across hybrid types and insecticide applications. Planting in April resulted in higher yields in 2016. However, results from 2017 showed that cooler soil temperatures, as measured by Mesonet stations at each location, can still limit yield when grain sorghum is planted too early. Early‐season plant stands followed the same trend as crop yields, with the highest early‐season stands occurring in the same period as highest yields. Yields and stands consistently decreased with later planting. It was also during these later planting dates that hybrid selection and insecticide applications were found to have a significant impact on yield.
Modeling mixing dynamics in uncovered baffled and unbaffled stirred tanks
Authors: Płusa Tomasz , Talaga Jan , Duda Andrzej , Duda Piotr
Published: May 2021

This paper presents results of measurements performed in uncovered baffled and unbaffled stirred tanks. The Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) set consists of a 300 mW argon‐ion laser generating two pairs of blue and green beams. Additionally, three turbulence models are verified to simulate mixing dynamics in uncovered baffled and unbaffled stirred tanks. Simulations are performed using both the steady‐ and the transient‐state approach. The unbaffled tank was modeled using both the single‐ and the multiphase approaches. The cited correlations of the central vortex depth are used to verify the multiphase calculations. In order to reduce the computational time, a simplified numerical model is proposed. It assumes a single‐phase simulation without the central vortex. The flow fields below the central vortex level are compared between the single‐ and the multiphase approach. The simplified model can be used both to design and optimize the mixing process.
COXPD9 in an individual from Puerto Rico and literature review
Authors: Alsharhan Hind , Muraresku Colleen , Ganetzky Rebecca D.
Published: May 2021

Defects of mitoribosome assembly with destabilization of mitochondrial ribosomal proteins and subsequent aberrant mitochondrial translation machinery are one of the emerging categories of human mitochondrial disease. Mitochondrial translation deficiency constitutes a growing cause of combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency and overall causes a set of clinically heterogeneous multi‐systemic diseases. We present here the sixth individual with combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency‐9 (COXPD9) secondary to a likely pathogenic homozygous MRPL3 variant c.571A > C; p.(Thr191Pro). MRPL3 encodes a large mitochondrial ribosome subunit protein, impairing the mitochondrial translation and resulting in multisystem disease. Similar to previously reported individuals, this reported female proband presented with psychomotor retardation, sensorineural hearing loss, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, failure to thrive, and lactic acidosis. Further, she has additional, previously unreported, features including Leigh syndrome, cataracts, hypotonia, scoliosis, myopathy, exercise intolerance, childhood‐onset cardiomyopathy, and microcephaly. This subject is the oldest reported individual with COXPD9. This report also summarizes the clinical and molecular data of the previously reported individuals with COXPD9 to describe the full phenotypic spectrum.