bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shallow Transits—Deep Learning. I. Feasibility Study of Deep Learning to Detect Periodic Transits of Exoplanets
Authors: Zucker Shay , Giryes Raja
Published: March 2018

Transits of habitable planets around solar-like stars are expected to be shallow, and to have long periods, which means low information content. The current bottleneck in the detection of such transits is caused in large part by the presence of red (correlated) noise in the light curves obtained from the dedicated space telescopes. Based on the groundbreaking results deep learning achieves in many signal and image processing applications, we propose to use deep neural networks to solve this problem. We present a feasibility study, in which we applied a convolutional neural network on a simulated training set. The training set comprised light curves received from a hypothetical high-cadence space-based telescope. We simulated the red noise by using Gaussian Processes with a wide variety of hyper-parameters. We then tested the network on a completely different test set simulated in the same way. Our study proves that very difficult cases can indeed be detected. Furthermore, we show how detection trends can be studied and detection biases quantified. We have also checked the robustness of the neural-network performance against practical artifacts such as outliers and discontinuities, which are known to affect space-based high-cadence light curves. Future work will allow us to use the neural networks to characterize the transit model and identify individual transits. This new approach will certainly be an indispensable tool for the detection of habitable planets in the future planet-detection space missions such as PLATO.
Revisiting the Phase Curves of WASP-43b: Confronting Re-analyzed Spitzer Data with Cloudy Atmospheres
Authors: Mendonça João M. , Malik Matej , Demory Brice-Olivier , Heng Kevin
Published: March 2018

Recently acquired Hubble and Spitzer phase curves of the short-period hot Jupiter WASP-43b make it an ideal target for confronting theory with data. On the observational front, we re-analyze the 3.6 and 4.5 μm Spitzer phase curves and demonstrate that our improved analysis better removes residual red noise due to intra-pixel sensitivity, which leads to greater fluxes emanating from the nightside of WASP-43b, thus reducing the tension between theory and data. On the theoretical front, we construct cloud-free and cloudy atmospheres of WASP-43b using our Global Circulation Model (GCM), THOR, which solves the non-hydrostatic Euler equations (compared to GCMs that typically solve the hydrostatic primitive equations). The cloud-free atmosphere produces a reasonable fit to the dayside emission spectrum. The multi-phase emission spectra constrain the cloud deck to be confined to the nightside and have a finite cloud-top pressure. The multi-wavelength phase curves are naturally consistent with our cloudy atmospheres, except for the 4.5 μm phase curve, which requires the presence of enhanced carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of WASP-43b. Multi-phase emission spectra at higher spectral resolution, as may be obtained using the James Webb Space Telescope, and a reflected-light phase curve at visible wavelengths would further constrain the properties of clouds in WASP-43b.
Fundamental Properties of Co-moving Stars Observed by Gaia
Authors: Bochanski John J. , Faherty Jacqueline K. , Gagné Jonathan , Nelson Olivia , Coker Kristina , Smithka Iliya , Desir Deion , Vasquez Chelsea
Published: March 2018

We have estimated fundamental parameters for a sample of co-moving stars observed by Gaia and identified by Oh et al. We matched the Gaia observations to the 2MASS and Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer catalogs and fit MIST isochrones to the data, deriving estimates of the mass, radius, [Fe/H], age, distance, and extinction to 9754 stars in the original sample of 10606 stars. We verify these estimates by comparing our new results to previous analyses of nearby stars, examining fiducial cluster properties, and estimating the power-law slope of the local present-day mass function. A comparison to previous studies suggests that our mass estimates are robust, while metallicity and age estimates are increasingly uncertain. We use our calculated masses to examine the properties of binaries in the sample and show that separation of the pairs dominates the observed binding energies and expected lifetimes.
Ab-initio Pulsar Magnetosphere: Particle Acceleration in Oblique Rotators and High-energy Emission Modeling
Authors: Philippov Alexander A. , Spitkovsky Anatoly
Published: March 2018

We perform global particle-in-cell simulations of pulsar magnetospheres, including pair production, ion extraction from the surface, frame-dragging corrections, and high-energy photon emission and propagation. In the case of oblique rotators, the effects of general relativity increase the fraction of the open field lines that support active pair discharge. We find that the plasma density and particle energy flux in the pulsar wind are highly non-uniform with latitude. A significant fraction of the outgoing particle energy flux is carried by energetic ions, which are extracted from the stellar surface. Their energies may extend up to a large fraction of the open field line voltage, making them interesting candidates for ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. We show that pulsar gamma-ray radiation is dominated by synchrotron emission, produced by particles that are energized by relativistic magnetic reconnection close to the Y-point and in the equatorial current sheet. In most cases, the calculated light curves contain two strong peaks, which is in general agreement with Fermi observations. The radiative efficiency decreases with increasing pulsar inclination and increasing efficiency of pair production in the current sheet, which explains the observed scatter in L

γ
versus

. We find that the high-frequency cutoff in the spectra is regulated by the pair-loading of the current sheet. Our findings lay the foundation for quantitative interpretation of Fermi observations of gamma-ray pulsars.
Properties of Short Gamma-ray Burst Pulses from a BATSE TTE GRB Pulse Catalog
Authors: Hakkila Jon , Horváth István , Hofesmann Eric , Lesage Stephen
Published: March 2018

We analyze pulse properties of short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) from a new catalog containing 434 pulses from 387 BATSE time-tagged event (TTE) GRBs. Short GRB pulses exhibit correlated properties of duration, fluence, hardness, and amplitude, and they evolve hard to soft while undergoing similar triple-peaked light curves similar to those found in long/intermediate bursts. We classify pulse light curves using their temporal complexities, demonstrating that short GRB pulses exhibit a range of complexities from smooth to highly variable. Most of the bright, hard, chaotic emission seen in complex pulses seems to represent a separate highly variable emission component. Unlike long/intermediate bursts, as many as 90% of short GRBs are single-pulsed. However, emission in short multipulsed bursts is coupled such that the first pulse’s duration is a predictor of both the interpulse separation and subsequent pulse durations. These results strongly support the idea that external shocks produce the prompt emission seen in short GRBs. The similarities between the triple-peaked structures and spectral evolution of long, short, and intermediate GRBs then suggests that external shocks are responsible for the prompt emission observed in all GRB classes. In addition to these findings, we identify a new type of gamma-ray transient in which peak amplitudes occur at the end of the burst rather than at earlier times. Some of these “crescendo” bursts are preceded by rapid-fire “staccato” pulses, whereas the remaining are preceded by a variable episode that could be unresolved staccato pulses.
ALMA’s Polarized View of 10 Protostars in the Perseus Molecular Cloud
Authors: Cox Erin G. , Harris Robert J. , Looney Leslie W. , Li Zhi-Yun , Yang Haifeng , J. Tobin John , Stephens Ian
Published: March 2018

We present 870 μm ALMA dust polarization observations of 10 young Class 0/I protostars in the Perseus Molecular Cloud. At ∼0.″35 (80 au) resolution, all of our sources show some degree of polarization, with most (9/10) showing significantly extended emission in the polarized continuum. Each source has incredibly intricate polarization signatures. In particular, all three disk-candidates have polarization vectors roughly along the minor axis, which is indicative of polarization produced by dust scattering. On ∼100 au scales, the polarization is at a relatively low level (≲1%) and is quite ordered. In sources with significant envelope emission, the envelope is typically polarized at a much higher (≳5%) level and has a far more disordered morphology. We compute the cumulative probability distributions for both the small (disk-scale) and large (envelope-scale) polarization percentage. We find that the two are intrinsically different, even after accounting for the different detection thresholds in the high/low surface brightness regions. We perform Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Anderson–Darling tests on the distributions of angle offsets of the polarization from the outflow axis. We find disk-candidate sources are different from the non-disk-candidate sources. We conclude that the polarization on the 100 au scale is consistent with the signature of dust scattering for disk-candidates and that the polarization on the envelope-scale in all sources may come from another mechanism, most likely magnetically aligned grains.
Solar Magnetoseismology with Magnetoacoustic Surface Waves in Asymmetric Magnetic Slab Waveguides
Authors: Allcock Matthew , Erdélyi Robert
Published: March 2018

Solar magnetoseismology is an indirect method to approximate plasma parameters that are traditionally difficult to measure in the solar atmosphere using observations of magnetohydrodynamic waves. A magnetic slab can act as waveguide for magnetoacoustic waves that approximates magnetic structures in the solar atmosphere. The asymmetry of the slab caused by different plasma parameters in each external region affects both the eigenfrequencies and eigenfunctions differently at each side of the slab, that is, both the temporal and spatial profiles of the eigenmodes of propagation along the slab are influenced by the equilibrium asymmetry. We present two novel diagnostic tools for solar magnetoseismology that use this distortion to estimate the slab magnetic field strength using the spatial distribution of magnetoacoustic surface waves: the amplitude ratio and the minimum perturbation shift techniques. They have the potential to estimate background equilibrium parameters in inhomogeneous solar structures such as elongated magnetic bright points, prominences, and the clusters of magnetic brightenings rooted in sunspot light bridges known as light bridge surges or light walls, which may be locally approximated as slabs.
The Origin of r-process Elements in the Milky Way
Authors: Côté Benoit , Fryer Chris L. , Belczynski Krzysztof , Korobkin Oleg , Chruślińska Martyna , Vassh Nicole , Mumpower Matthew R. , Lippuner Jonas , Sprouse Trevor M. , Surman Rebecca , Wollaeger Ryan
Published: March 2018

Some of the heavy elements, such as gold and europium (Eu), are almost exclusively formed by the rapid neutron capture process (r-process). However, it is still unclear which astrophysical site between core-collapse supernovae and neutron star–neutron star (NS–NS) mergers produced most of the r-process elements in the universe. Galactic chemical evolution (GCE) models can test these scenarios by quantifying the frequency and yields required to reproduce the amount of europium (Eu) observed in galaxies. Although NS–NS mergers have become popular candidates, their required frequency (or rate) needs to be consistent with that obtained from gravitational wave measurements. Here, we address the first NS–NS merger detected by LIGO/Virgo (GW170817) and its associated gamma-ray burst and analyze their implication for the origin of r-process elements. The range of NS–NS merger rate densities of 320–4740 Gpc−3 yr−1 provided by LIGO/Virgo is remarkably consistent with the range required by GCE to explain the Eu abundances in the Milky Way with NS–NS mergers, assuming the solar r-process abundance pattern for the ejecta. Under the same assumption, this event has produced about 1–5 Earth masses of Eu, and 3–13 Earth masses of gold. When using theoretical calculations to derive Eu yields, constraining the role of NS–NS mergers becomes more challenging because of nuclear astrophysics uncertainties. This is the first study that directly combines nuclear physics uncertainties with GCE calculations. If GW170817 is a representative event, NS–NS mergers can produce Eu in sufficient amounts and are likely to be the main r-process site.
Diffusion and Mixing in Globular Clusters
Authors: Meiron Yohai , Kocsis Bence
Published: March 2018

Collisional relaxation describes the stochastic process with which a self-gravitating system near equilibrium evolves in phase-space due to the fluctuating gravitational field of the system. The characteristic timescale of this process is called the relaxation time. In this paper, we highlight the difference between two measures of the relaxation time in globular clusters: (1) the diffusion time with which the isolating integrals of motion (i.e., energy E and angular momentum magnitude L) of individual stars change stochastically and (2) the asymptotic timescale required for a family of orbits to mix in the cluster. More specifically, the former corresponds to the instantaneous rate of change of a star’s E or L, while the latter corresponds to the timescale for the stars to statistically forget their initial conditions. We show that the diffusion timescales of E and L vary systematically around the commonly used half-mass relaxation time in different regions of the cluster by a factor of ∼10 and ∼100, respectively, for more than 20% of the stars. We define the mixedness of an orbital family at any given time as the correlation coefficient between its E or L probability distribution functions and those of the whole cluster. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we find that mixedness converges asymptotically exponentially with a decay timescale that is ∼10 times the half-mass relaxation time.
The KMOS3D Survey: Rotating Compact Star-forming Galaxies and the Decomposition of Integrated Line Widths*
Authors: Wisnioski E. , Mendel J. T. , Schreiber N. M. Förster , Genzel R. , Wilman D. , Wuyts S. , Belli S. , Beifiori A. , Bender R. , Brammer G. , Chan J. , Davies R. I. , Davies R. L. , Fabricius M. , Fossati M. , Galametz A. , Lang P. , Lutz D. , Nelson E. J. , Momcheva I. , Rosario D. , Saglia R. , Tacconi L. J. , Tadaki K. , Übler H. , van Dokkum P. G.
Published: March 2018

Using integral field spectroscopy, we investigate the kinematic properties of 35 massive centrally dense and compact star-forming galaxies (SFGs;

,

,

) at z ∼ 0.7–3.7 within the KMOS3D survey. We spatially resolve 23 compact SFGs and find that the majority are dominated by rotational motions with velocities ranging from 95 to 500 km s−1. The range of rotation velocities is reflected in a similar range of integrated Hα line widths, 75–400 km s−1, consistent with the kinematic properties of mass-matched extended galaxies from the full KMOS3D sample. The fraction of compact SFGs that are classified as “rotation-dominated” or “disklike” also mirrors the fractions of the full KMOS3D sample. We show that integrated line-of-sight gas velocity dispersions from KMOS3D are best approximated by a linear combination of their rotation and turbulent velocities with a lesser but still significant contribution from galactic-scale winds. The Hα exponential disk sizes of compact SFGs are, on average, 2.5 ± 0.2 kpc, 1–2× the continuum sizes, in agreement with previous work. The compact SFGs have a 1.4× higher active galactic nucleus (AGN) incidence than the full KMOS3D sample at fixed stellar mass with an average AGN fraction of 76%. Given their high and centrally concentrated stellar masses, as well as stellar-to-dynamical mass ratios close to unity, the compact SFGs are likely to have low molecular gas fractions and to quench on a short timescale unless replenished with inflowing gas. The rotation in these compact systems suggests that their direct descendants are rotating passive galaxies.
A Close Relationship between Lyα and Mg ii in Green Pea Galaxies*

†
Authors: Henry Alaina , Berg Danielle A. , Scarlata Claudia , Verhamme Anne , Erb Dawn
Published: March 2018

The Mg ii
λλ2796, 2803 doublet is often used to measure interstellar medium absorption in galaxies, thereby serving as a diagnostic for feedback and outflows. However, the interpretation of Mg ii remains confusing, due to resonant trapping and re-emission of the photons, analogous to Lyα. Therefore, in this paper, we present new MMT Blue Channel Spectrograph observations of Mg ii for a sample of 10 Green Pea galaxies at z ∼ 0.2–0.3, where Lyα was previously observed with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope. With strong, (mostly) double-peaked Lyα profiles, these galaxies allow us to observe Mg ii in the limit of low H i column density. We find strong Mg ii emission and little-to-no absorption. We use photoionization models to show that nebular Mg ii from H ii regions is non-negligible, and the ratios of Mg ii
λλ2796, 2803/[O iii] λ5007 versus [O iii] λ5007/[O ii] λ3727 form a tight sequence. Using this relation, we predict intrinsic Mg ii flux, and show that Mg ii escape fractions range from 0 to 0.9. We find that the Mg ii escape fraction correlates tightly with the Lyα escape fraction, and the Mg ii line profiles show evidence for broader and more redshifted emission when the escape fractions are low. These trends are expected if the escape fractions and velocity profiles of Lyα and Mg ii are shaped by resonant scattering in the same low column density gas. As a consequence of a close relation with Lyα, Mg ii may serve as a useful diagnostic in the epoch of reionization, where Lyα and Lyman continuum photons are not easily observed.
Sedimentation Efficiency of Condensation Clouds in Substellar Atmospheres
Authors: Gao Peter , Marley Mark S. , Ackerman Andrew S.
Published: March 2018

Condensation clouds in substellar atmospheres have been widely inferred from spectra and photometric variability. Up until now, their horizontally averaged vertical distribution and mean particle size have been largely characterized using models, one of which is the eddy diffusion–sedimentation model from Ackerman and Marley that relies on a sedimentation efficiency parameter, f
sed, to determine the vertical extent of clouds in the atmosphere. However, the physical processes controlling the vertical structure of clouds in substellar atmospheres are not well understood. In this work, we derive trends in f
sed across a large range of eddy diffusivities (K

zz
), gravities, material properties, and cloud formation pathways by fitting cloud distributions calculated by a more detailed cloud microphysics model. We find that f
sed is dependent on K

zz
, but not gravity, when K

zz
is held constant. f
sed is most sensitive to the nucleation rate of cloud particles, as determined by material properties like surface energy and molecular weight. High surface energy materials form fewer, larger cloud particles, leading to large f
sed (>1), and vice versa for materials with low surface energy. For cloud formation via heterogeneous nucleation, f
sed is sensitive to the condensation nuclei flux and radius, connecting cloud formation in substellar atmospheres to the objects’ formation environments and other atmospheric aerosols. These insights could lead to improved cloud models that help us better understand substellar atmospheres. For example, we demonstrate that f
sed could increase with increasing cloud base depth in an atmosphere, shedding light on the nature of the brown dwarf L/T transition.
Reconnection Mediated by Magnetic Fractures and the Solar Flare
Authors: Haerendel Gerhard
Published: March 2018

Reconnection of sheared magnetic fields is commonly treated by regarding the component perpendicular to the antiparallel components as a largely inert guide field. In this paper an alternative is proposed in which the free energy residing in the shear field is being converted prior to reconnection. This happens in high-density, dissipative current sheets bordering the reconnection site. A global scenario is presented in which low-intensity currents out of the photosphere are converging into the narrow, high-intensity currents at high altitude. This is enabled by the obliqueness of the latter. The very short timescale of the energy conversion causes a lateral propagation of the current sheets. In a quasi-stationary situation, it balances the reconnection rate, which turns out to be much lower than in guide-field approaches. Another important consequence of the obliqueness is the field-parallel emission of runaway electrons. Accelerated up to tens of keV, they are possibly important contributors to the production of hard X-rays during the impulsive phase of a flare, but only in areas of upward-directed currents. Quantitative evaluation of the model predicts various potentially observable properties, such as width and propagation speed of the generated flare ribbons, spatial dependences of the electron spectrum, size of the area of energy deposition, and successive decrease of the shear angle between conjugate footpoints. The presented theoretical model can account for the observed brightness asymmetry of flare ribbons with respect to the direction of the vertical currents.
Neotropical Thoasia Liebke, 1939 and Straneotia Mateu, 1961 of the Cryptobatida group, subtribe Agrina: Taxonomic revisions with notes on their ways of life (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini)
Authors: Erwin Terry , Aldebron Charlotte
Published: March 2018

ThoasiaLiebke, 1939 andStraneotiaMateu, 1961 of the Cryptobatida group, subtribe Agrina, Lebiini, living in the Neotropics are diagnosed, described, and illustrated. Occurrences of known species ranges are limited to the northern and western Amazon Basin and Guyana Shield. The following species are described as new:Thoasia surinamensisErwin & Aldebron,sp. n., Suriname,Thoasia pterosmaragdosAldebron & Erwin,sp. n., French Guiana,Thoasia manuErwin & Aldebron,sp. n., Ecuador, Perú;Straneotia cylindrocepsErwin & Aldebron,sp. n., French Guiana,Straneotia confundisAldebron & Erwin,sp. n., Ecuador, andStraneotia moiAldebron & Erwin,sp. n., French Guiana. Two of these species,Thoasia manuandStraneotia moiare known from adults collected by insecticidal fogging of lowland rainforest trees, and these trees are listed in their respective descriptions. The following species are redescribed:Thoasia rugifronsLiebke, 1939, French Guiana, Venezuela;Straneotia freyiMateu, 1961, Brazil;Straneotia amazonicaMateu, 1961, Brazil.
Ook de volksklassen verhuizen uit Brussel. Een analyse van de randverstedelijking van de bevolkingsgroepen met een laag inkomen
Authors: De Laet Sarah
Published: March 2018

De verhuizingen vanuit het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest naar de randstedelijke gemeenten van Vlaanderen of Wallonië worden doorgaans onderzocht met als insteek de stadsvlucht van de middenklassen. Vandaag de dag komt echter 30 % van de personen die vanuit het Gewest naar elders in België verhuizen, uit de volksklassen. De stedelijke volksklassen zijn blootgesteld aan een tweevoudige druk: enerzijds een sociale druk wegens de uitholling van het loonmodel, het tekort aan werkgelegenheid en de economische onzekerheid. Anderzijds een ruimtelijke druk wegens de stijging van de huisvestingskosten in de stad. Geconfronteerd met die druk beslissen sommige gezinnen uit de volksklassen om weg te trekken uit het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest. Naar aanleiding van werken die de aandacht op dergelijke processen van “bescheiden randverstedelijking”, onder meer in Frankrijk, hebben gevestigd, onderzoekt dit artikel de omvang van dit fenomeen in Brussel. Het verduidelijkt eveneens wat de bestemmingen zijn van de gezinnen uit de volksklassen die wegtrekken uit de centrale volkswijken van Brussel. Vanuit hun standpunt zorgen de verhuizingen naar gemeenten in de nabijgelegen rand of naar andere steden voor een vorm van sociospatiale selectie met grote gevolgen voor de vertrekgebieden.
Biotin Deficiency Induces Th1- and Th17-Mediated Proinflammatory Responses in Human CD4+ T Lymphocytes via Activation of the mTOR Signaling Pathway
Authors: Elahi Asif , Sabui Subrata , Narasappa Nell N. , Agrawal Sudhanshu , Lambrecht Nils W. , Agrawal Anshu , Said Hamid M.
Published: March 2018

Biotin (vitamin B7) is essential for human health because of its involvement, as a cofactor, in a variety of critical cellular metabolic reactions. Previous studies have shown that biotin deficiency enhances inflammation, and certain chronic inflammatory diseases are associated with biotin deficiency; however, the mechanisms that mediate the association between biotin status and inflammation are not well understood. In this study, we examined the effect of biotin deficiency on human CD4+ T cell responses to determine their role in biotin deficiency–associated inflammation. Our investigations revealed that anti-CD3/CD28–stimulated CD4+ T cells cultured in biotin-deficient medium secreted significantly enhanced levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNF, and IL-17. Expression of the transcription factors T-bet and RORγt was increased, whereas Foxp3 expression was decreased, in biotin-deficient CD4+ T cells. The percentage of T regulatory cells was also decreased under biotin-deficient condition. A similar increase in T-bet, RORγt, and proinflammatory cytokine levels, as well as a decrease in Foxp3, was observed in inguinal lymph nodes of mice fed a biotin-deficient diet relative to pair-fed controls. Furthermore, differentiation of CD4+ T cells toward Th1 and Th17 cells was also enhanced. In vitro and in vivo investigations indicated that the increased inflammatory response was due to enhanced activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway in biotin-deficient CD4+ T cells. In summary, these results demonstrate that biotin deficiency enhances the inflammatory responses in CD4+ T cells, which may contribute to inflammation associated with biotin deficiency.
Discovery of Blood Transcriptional Endotypes in Women with Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Authors: Zheng Xiaojing , O’Connell Catherine M. , Zhong Wujuan , Nagarajan Uma M. , Tripathy Manoj , Lee De’Ashia , Russell Ali N. , Wiesenfeld Harold , Hillier Sharon , Darville Toni
Published: March 2018

Sexually transmitted infections with Chlamydia trachomatis and/or Neisseria gonorrhoeae and rates of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women continue to rise, with reinfection being common because of poor adaptive immunity. Diagnosis remains imprecise, and pathogenesis data are derived primarily from monoinfection of mice with C. trachomatis or N. gonorrhoeae. By comparing blood mRNA responses of women with C. trachomatis– and/or N. gonorrhoeae–induced PID and histologic endometritis with those from women with C. trachomatis and/or N. gonorrhoeae infection limited to their cervix and asymptomatic uninfected women determined via microarray, we discovered important pathogenic mechanisms in PID and response differences that provide a pathway to biomarker discovery. Women with N. gonorrhoeae– and/or C. trachomatis–induced PID exhibit overexpression of myeloid cell genes and suppression of protein synthesis, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and T cell–specific genes. Coinfected women exhibited the greatest activation of cell death pathways and suppression of responses essential for adaptive immunity. Women solely infected with C. trachomatis expressed elevated levels of type I and type II IFN genes, and enhanced type I IFN–induced chemokines in cervical secretions were associated with ascension of C. trachomatis to the endometrium. Blood microarrays reveal discrete pathobiological endotypes in women with PID that are driven by pathogen invasion of the upper genital tract.
Endoscopic Ultrasound‑guided Confirmation of Malignancy Arising from Fistula‑in‑ano
Authors: Balekuduru Avinash Bhat , Bachhav Gaurav Dinesh , Vishwamitra Sanjay , Subbaraj Satyaprakash Bonthala
Published: March 2018

Adenocarcinoma arising from a chronic anorectal fistula (ARF) is rare, and there are no more than 200 cases in literature. We report a case of endoscopic ultrasound‑guided biopsy‑proven adenocarcinoma arising from long‑standing ARF.
Transfer Learning for Resolving Sparsity Problem in Recommender systems: Human Values Approach
Authors: Srivastava Abhishek , Bala Pradip Kumar , Kumar Bipul
Published: March 2018

With the rapid rise in popularity of ecommerce application, Recommender Systems are being widely used by them to predict the response that a user will give to a given item. This prediction helps in cross selling, upselling and to increase the loyalty of their customers. However due to lack of sufficient feedback data these systems suffer from sparsity problem which leads to decline in their prediction efficiency. In this work, we have proposed and empirically demonstrated how the Transfer Learning approach using five dimensions of basic human values can be successfully used to alleviate the sparsity problem and increase the efficiency of recommender system algorithms.
The advanced analytics Jumpstart: definition, process model, best practices
Authors: Rose Jeremy , Berndtsson Mikael , Mathiason Gunnar , Larsson Peter
Published: March 2018

Companies are encouraged by the big data trend to experiment with advanced analytics and many turn to specialist consultancies to help them get started where they lack the necessary competences. We investigate the program of one such consultancy, Advectas - in particular the advanced analytics Jumpstart. Using qualitative techniques we investigate the nature and value of the Jumpstart concept through five projects in different companies. We provide a definition, a process model and a set of thirteen best practices derived from these experiences, and discuss the distinctive qualities of this approach.
Integrating Internal Control Frameworks for Effective Corporate Information Technology Governance
Authors: Ettish Abdou Ahmed , El-gazzar Samir M. , Jacob Rudolph A.
Published: March 2018

This paper examines how several internal control frameworks can be integrated to achieve effective corporate information technology governance. Focusing on three popularized internal control frameworks---ERM, COSO, and COBIT5---can help organizations effectively achieve information technology governance through their interaction. The study uses a deductive approach.
The fundamental tenet that emerges from this genre of early studies is that neither a single framework nor non-integrated multiple frameworks would suffice in achieving effective information technology security and governance. This research developed an integrated framework (see Figure No. 3) to fill the literature gap in this area.
Modelos de Auditoría Continua. Una Propuesta Taxonómica
Authors: Valencia Duque Francisco Javier , Tamayo Arias Johnny Alexander
Published: March 2018

La Auditoría Continua es considerada por diversos autores como un nuevo paradigma de la Auditoría, y su materialización se logra a través de la incorporación de modelos y metodologías en la actividad diaria de la función Auditora. Este artículo, previa conceptualización de las principales características de la Auditoría Continua, presenta una propuesta taxonómica de los modelos de Auditoría Continua, para lo cual se realizará un análisis estructural de 30 modelos que han sido divulgados en el ámbito profesional y científico entre 1989 y 2014, arrojando como resultado una propuesta taxonómica basada en 3 categorías y 8 tipologías y un análisis de la orientación que han tenido los modelos de Auditoría Continua
Performance of NO, NO2 low cost sensors and three calibration
approaches within a real world application
Authors: Bigi Alessandro , Mueller Michael , Grange Stuart K. , Ghermandi Grazia , Hueglin Christoph
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Low cost sensors for measuring atmospheric pollutants are experiencing an increase in popularity worldwide among practitioners, academia and environmental agencies, and a large amount of data by these devices is being delivered to the public notwithstanding their behaviour, performance and reliability are not yet fully investigated and understood. In the present study we investigate the medium term performance of a set of NO and NO2 electrochemical sensors in Switzerland using 3 different regression algorithms within a field calibration approach. In order to mimic a realistic application of these devices, the sensors were initially co-located at a rural regulatory monitoring site for a 4–month calibration period, and subsequently deployed for 4 months at two distant regulatory urban sites in traffic and urban background conditions, where the performance of the calibration algorithms was explored. The applied algorithms were Multivariate Linear Regression, Support Vector Regression and Random Forest; these were tested, along with the sensors, in terms of generalisability, selectivity, drift, uncertainty, bias, precision and suitability for spatial mapping intra-urban pollution gradients with hourly resolution. Results from the deployment at the urban sites show a better performance of the non-linear algorithms (Support Vector Regression and Random Forest) achieving RMSE
Technical Note:
An efficient method for accelerating the spin-up process for process-based biogeochemistry models
Authors: Qu Yang , Maksyutov Shamil , Zhuang Qianlai
Published: March 2018

Abstract. To better understand the role of terrestrial ecosystems in the global carbon cycle and their feedbacks to the global climate system, process-based biogeochemistry models need to be improved with respect to model parameterization and model structure. To achieve these improvements, the spin-up time for those differential equation-based models needs to be shortened. Here, an algorithm for a fast spin-up was developed and implemented in a biogeochemistry model, the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM). With the new spin-up algorithm, we showed that the model reached a steady state in less than 10 years of computing time, while the original method requires more than 200 years on average of model run. For the test sites with five different plant function types, the new method saves over 90 % of the original spin-up time in site-level simulations. In North America simulations, average spin-up time saving for all grid cells is 85 % for either daily or monthly version of TEM. The developed spin-up method shall greatly facilitate our future quantification of carbon dynamics at fine spatial and temporal scales.
EcH2O-iso 1.0: Water isotopes and age tracking in a process-based,
distributed ecohydrological model
Authors: Kuppel Sylvain , Tetzlaff Doerthe , Maneta Marco P. , Soulsby Chris
Published: March 2018

Abstract. We introduce EcH2O-iso, a new development of the physically-based, fully-distributed ecohydrological model EcH2O where the tracking of water isotopic tracers (2H and 18O) and age has been incorporated. EcH2O-iso is evaluated at a montane, low-energy experimental catchment in eastern Scotland using 16 independent isotope time series from various landscape positions and compartments; encompassing soil water, groundwater, stream water, and plant xylem. We find a good model-observation match in most cases, despite having only calibrated the model using hydrometric data and energy fluxes. These results provide further validation of the physical basis of the model for successfully capturing catchment hydrological functioning, both in terms of the celerity in energy propagation (e.g. runoff generation under prevailing hydraulic gradients) and flow velocities of water molecules (e.g., in consistent tracer concentrations at given locations and times). We also show that the spatially-distributed formulation of EcH2O-iso provides a powerful tool for quantitatively linking water stores and fluxes with spatio-temporal patterns of isotopes ratios and water ages. Finally, our study highlights some model development and benchmarking needs, refined using isotope-based calibration, for hypothesis testing and improved simulations of catchment dynamics that is transferable beyond the catchment landscape studied here.
Ca-rich garnets and associated symplectites in mafic peraluminous granulites from the Gföhl Nappe System, Austria
Authors: Petrakakis Konstantin , Schuster-Bourgin Nathalie , Habler Gerlinde , Abart Rainer
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Mafic peraluminous granulites associated with the mantle-derived peridotites of the Dunkelsteiner Wald provide evidence of the tectono-metamortphic evolution of rocks in the Gföhl Nappe System, Austria. They contain the primary assemblage garnet + Al-rich-clinopyroxene + kyanite. Large Ca-and Mg-rich garnets are embedded in a granoblastic matrix of Al-rich-clinopyroxene, Ca-rich-plagioclase and minor hornblende. They have been partially replaced by different, locally controlled symplectites of (a) corundum + sapphirine + spinel + plagioclase formed around kyanite inclusions, (b) orthopyroxene + spinel + plagioclase ± hornblende formed at their rims and (c) clinopyroxene + orthopyroxene + spinel + plagioclase ± hornblende formed within cracks. Garnets are built up from repeatedly occurring garnet types characterized by specific component distributions. Areal extend and cross-cutting relations allowed for the derivation of the relative timing of garnet types formation. Recrystallization and compositional readjustment of the reactive garnet volume during symplectite formation has led to the development of pronounced, secondary diffusion-induced zoning profiles overprinting the different garnet types and post-dating the complex garnet compositional structure. Thermodynamic analysis showed that none of the garnet types represents a preserved equilibrium composition. Furthermore, the latest garnet types show evidence of metasomatic (Fe+Mg)-loss affecting their Ca-content. The primary assemblage is stable between 760 and 880 °C and pressures > 11 kbar. The crack-symplectites are almost isochemical to the oldest garnet type and have been formed above 730 °C and pressures between 7.5 and 5 kbar. The studied rocks have undergone a more or less isothermal decompression from pressures above 11 kbar to ~ 6 kbar at temperatures about 800 °C. Crack- and rim-symplectites have been formed after decompression during approximately isobaric cooling under conditions of low differential stress. Due to limited availability of fluids promoting symplectite formation, the time-scale of symplectite formation calculated from secondary diffusion profiles associated with crack-symplectites is shown to be geologically very short (
Giving Voice to Philosophy
Authors: Lysaker John
Published: March 2018

Voice is often regarded as a stylistic ornament of philosophical writing. I argue to the contrary, exploring how voice operates in philosophical texts and what greater attention to voice promises. I also explore how voice might instruct across cultural identities.
Family Business: Charles Reznikoff in Text and Textile
Authors: Logan Wall Joshua
Published: March 2018

Charles Reznikoff, according to established scholarship, is an exemplar of disinheritance, an ideal representative for the modernist and modern Jewish self. But Reznikoff also inherits and finds in this an alternative to both urban capitalism and market-influenced modernist publishing. Manually setting type at a printing press in his parents’ basement, Reznikoff self-published many of his early books while also working in the family clothing business. Writing was a craft that continued, rather than broke from, his family trade. His production of texts, following his depiction of his parents’ textile-work in the rarely examined memoir Family Chronicle, takes part in what we can term a “fabriculture” that resists commodity valuation in modern industry and modernist publishing. In the 1930 novel By the Waters of Manhattan, Reznikoff’s protagonist uses the fabricultural lessons of material production to rescue the individuality of the self from the anonymity and interchangeability of the modern city. Reznikoff’s poetry and prose weave together his parents’ lives in textile with his own in text, establishing this inherited family trade as a metaphor for crafting a whole garment from the disparate elements of the modern Jewish self.
La seguridad alimentaria en la zona rural de El Salvador
Authors: Ayala Hernández Mariel Consuelo Virginia
Published: March 2018

La Universidad Modular Abierta presenta esta investigación con el objetivo de establecer cómo inﬂuyen los aspectos económicos, sociales y culturales en el acceso a la alimentación en las familias de la zona rural. Es así que se identificó la alimentación de las familias, el ingreso y el precio de los alimentos; se analizó la relación del nivel educativo y los hábitos alimentarios, el acceso y disponibilidad de los alimentos y se determinaron las acciones que realizan las familias para cubrir las necesidades; tomando en cuenta, cómo las personas responsables de los hogares resuelven las dificultades para cubrir dicha necesidad básica y fisiológica, garante de la sobrevivencia de las familias de la zona, que por lo general son numerosas. Se realizó un proceso metodológico que obtuvo las características de una investigación documental y de campo con enfoque cualitativo, analizando las opiniones sobre los diferentes aspectos explorados con los informantes clave del campo muestral.Las familias de El Salvador, especialmente en la zona rural, producen el 80% de alimentos que se consumen en el país. De ahí que la población salvadoreña padezca más hambre y tenga limitaciones en el acceso. La pobreza que agobia actualmente a los hogares de las zonas rurales de El Salvador ocasiona como consecuencia el hambre y la inseguridad alimentaria y nutricional, debido a que los ingresos percibidos por los mismos, no logran la cobertura del costo de la canasta básica alimentaria, ni suplir las necesidades básicas del ser humano (salud, educación y alimentos).Producción Agropecuaria y Desarrollo Sostenible, Vol. 6, 2017: 97-107
AS CHUVAS NA CIDADE DO RECIFE: UMA CLIMATOLOGIA DE EXTREMOS
Authors: Wanderley Lucas Suassuna de Albuquerque , Nóbrega Ranyére Silva , Moreira Ayobami Badiru , Dos Anjos Rafael Silva , De Almeida Caio Américo Pereira
Published: March 2018

O trabalho tem como objetivo investigar as frequências, as tendências e o tempo de recorrência dos eventos pluviométricos extremos na cidade do Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Foi utilizada a técnica dos Quantis para determinar os eventos diários extremos, classificados nas categorias de chuvas extremamente fracas, muito fracas, fracas, habituais, fortes, muito fortes e extremamente fortes. Para avaliar a tendência das frequências de ocorrência anual dos eventos extremos diários de precipitação, foi aplicado o teste de Mann-Kendall; e, para estimar o tempo de retorno, foi utilizada a distribuição de Gumbel. A investigação das frequências anuais dos eventos de precipitações extremas diárias, pelo método de Mann-Kendall, não demonstrou tendências significativas. A distribuição de Gumbel estimou satisfatoriamente a probabilidade de ocorrência e o tempo de retorno de eventos pluviais extremos, além disso, esse modelo de distribuição reforçou a suscetibilidade da área de estudo aos eventos intensos de chuvas diárias. Portanto, a recorrência dos eventos pluviais extremos deve ser considerada como um importante aspecto para o planejamento territorial da cidade de Recife.
Infraestruturas de sustentabilidade na hidrovia das lagoas costeiras do sul do Brasil: conexões para a ampliação de oportunidades na relação com a natureza
Authors: Da Cunha Icaro Aronovich , Lobato Karla Christiane Oliveira , Barreto Bruna Tonello
Published: March 2018

O objetivo do artigo é apresentar resultados de pesquisa exploratória sobre a expansão do movimento de cargas na hidrovia na hidrovia Patos - Guaíba - Jacuí e discutir possibilidades de cooperação a partir do aporte de conhecimento, para qualificar tecnicamente esse processo na perspectiva de um desenvolvimento sustentável. Os resultados recolhidos até aqui indicam que empresas que operam cargas no porto de Rio Grande protagonizam um aumento na movimentação utilizando a hidrovia no sistema de águas Patos - Guaíba - Jacuí, na região costeira do Rio Grande do Sul. A pesquisa identifica uma estratégia para enfrentar a perda de cargas para portos de Santa Catarina, em função do custo dos fretes para o modal rodoviário. Outro resultado é a redução das emissões de gases do efeito estufa por unidade de carga. A pesquisa exploratória constata que há sérias dificuldades, dentro de seu modelo administrativo, para que as autoridades portuárias dos portos da hidrovia façam os investimentos necessários à implantação de um sistema de gestão ambiental. Identificam-se também limitações para contar com um bom nível de gerenciamento dos riscos no percurso de navegações por águas de grande extensão, em cenários cambiantes de riscos naturais. A pesquisa utiliza a metodologia da observação participante e se apoia em autores como Sachs para discutir sustentabilidade, Barragán-Muñoz para situar a visão do gerenciamento costeiro, e Hogan, Marandola e Ojima para explorar a questão da vulnerabilidade socioambiental.
Base ecossistêmica para o ordenamento territorial na planície costeira do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Tagliani Paulo Roberto Armanini
Published: March 2018

O número de pesquisas relativas a funções e serviços ecossistêmicos tem aumentado de forma quase exponencial nas últimas décadas, o que denota a importância que a comunidade científica vem atribuindo ao reconhecimento da manutenção da base ecossistêmica no atendimento das demandas da sociedade. Na porção terrestre das zonas costeiras, tais demandas usualmente recaem sobre a oferta de espaço para os desenvolvimentos turístico, urbano, portuário, agrícola, da aquacultura, dos florestamentos, da pecuária e da mineração, entre outros. A crescente conversão de habitats para tais usos tem sido apontada como a maior ameaça a esses ecossistemas. Portanto, o primeiro desafio que se impõe para uma ocupação territorial sustentável é compreender as funções ecossistêmicas presentes em uma determinada região, identificar as áreas mais ou menos sensíveis para o desenvolvimento das distintas atividades humanas, e plasmá-las em um processo de Zoneamento Ecológico Econômico (ZEE). Para tanto, é necessária uma seleção de indicadores apropriados, capazes de resumir a alta complexidade e conectividade dos ecossistemas em um modelo simples e compreensível. Este estudo, desenvolvido na restinga da Lagoa dos Patos, segmento médio da planície costeira do Rio Grande do Sul, apresenta uma proposta metodológica para o ordenamento espacial em zonas costeiras, tendo como princípio a identificação e a manutenção das funções e dos serviços ecossistêmicos. Como resultado, foram definidas três classes de uso para a região de forma a manter suas propriedades estruturais e funcionais, denominadas de Zonas de Preservação Ambiental, Zonas de Conservação e Zonas de Desenvolvimento. Uma vez que a gênese quaternária dessa restinga está associada aos mesmos processos físicos que atuaram na formação da planície costeira do Rio Grande do Sul, propõe-se a aplicação desse método em toda a extensão desta planície costeira, tal como já realizado no município de Rio Grande, às margens do estuário da Lagoa dos Patos.