bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Furandicarboxylate Polyesters: A Comprehensive ADMET Study of a Novel Class of Furan‐Based α,ω‐Diene Monomers
Authors: Chícharo Beatriz , Fadlallah Sami , Allais Florent , Aricò Fabio
Published: November 2023

The present research article delves into the preparation of a new class of bio‐based polyesters from α,ω‐diene furandicarboxylate monomers. In particular, it exploits the use of acyclic diene metathesis polymerisation (ADMET) on 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA)‐derived compounds. First, a library of furan‐based α,ω‐diene monomers was prepared via acid‐ or base‐catalyzed transesterification of 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester (FDME) with commercially available alcohols incorporating terminal olefins, i. e., allyl alcohol, but‐3‐en‐1‐ol, hex‐5‐en‐1‐ol and dec‐9‐en‐1‐ol. Then, the novel monomers were subjected to ADMET polymerisation employing different catalysts and reaction conditions. Interestingly, first‐generation Grubbs catalyst was found to be the best promoter for ADMET polymerisation. This catalyst allowed the preparation of a new family of bio‐based polyesters with molecular weights up to 26.4 kDa, with good thermal stability, and adaptable cis‐trans conformations. Results also revealed that the monomer structure had a direct impact on the polymerisation efficiency and the resulting thermal properties. The effect of green bio‐based solvents such as Cyrene™, dimethyl isosorbide (DMI) and γ‐valerolactone (GVL) on the polymerisation process was also studied. Data collected showed that the solvent concentration influenced both the yield and length of polymers formed. Furthermore, some co‐polymerisation experiments were conducted; the successful integration of different monomers in the resulting copolymer was shown to affect the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resulting materials.
Phenotyping patients with ischaemic heart disease at risk of developing heart failure: an analysis of the HOMAGE trial
Authors: Santos‐Ferreira Diogo , Diaz Sílvia O. , Ferreira João Pedro , Girerd Nicolas , Pellicori Pierpaolo , Mariottoni Beatrice , Cosmi Franco , Hazebroek Mark , Verdonschot Job A.J. , Cuthbert Joe , Petutschnigg Johannes , Heymans Stephane , Staessen Jan A. , Pieske Burkert , Edelmann Frank , Clark Andrew L. , Rossignol Patrick , Fontes‐Carvalho Ricardo , Cleland John G.F. , Zannad Faiez
Published: November 2023

Aims

We aim to characterize the clinical and proteomic profiles of patients at risk of developing heart failure (HF), with and without coronary artery disease (CAD) or prior myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods and results

HOMAGE evaluated the effect of spironolactone on plasma and serum markers of fibrosis over 9 months of follow‐up in participants with (or at risk of having) CAD, and raised natriuretic peptides. In this post hoc analysis, patients were classified as (i) neither CAD nor MI; (ii) CAD; or (iii) MI. Proteomic between‐group differences were evaluated through logistic regression and narrowed using backward stepwise selection and bootstrapping. Among the 527 participants, 28% had neither CAD or MI, 31% had CAD, and 41% had prior MI. Compared with people with neither CAD nor MI, those with CAD had higher baseline plasma concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase‐7 (MMP‐7), galectin‐4 (GAL4), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI‐1), and lower plasma peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1), whilst those with a history of MI had higher plasma MMP‐7, neurotrophin‐3 (NT3), pulmonary surfactant‐associated protein D (PSPD), and lower plasma tumour necrosis factor‐related activation‐induced cytokine (TRANCE). Proteomic signatures were similar for patients with CAD or prior MI. Treatment with spironolactone was associated with an increase of MMP7, NT3, and PGLYRP1 at 9 months.

Conclusions

In patients at risk of developing HF, those with CAD or MI had a different proteomic profile regarding inflammatory, immunological, and collagen catabolic processes.
Neuropeptide Y is elevated in heart failure and is an independent predictor of outcomes
Authors: McDowell Kirsty , Adamson Carly , Jackson Colette , Campbell Ross , Welsh Paul , Petrie Mark C. , McMurray John J.V. , Jhund Pardeep S. , Herring Neil
Published: November 2023

Aims

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is the most abundant neuropeptide found in the heart and is released alongside norepinephrine following prolonged sympathetic activation, a process that is implicated in the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF). In patients with severely impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy, higher levels of NPY measured in coronary sinus blood, are associated with poorer outcome. The aim was to examine the association of peripheral venous NPY levels and outcomes in a HF population with a range of LVEF, using a highly sensitive and specific assay.

Methods and results

The association between NPY and the composite outcome of cardiovascular death or HF hospitalization, its components, and all‐cause mortality was examined using Cox regression analyses among 833 patients using a threshold of elevated NPY identified through binary recursive partitioning adjusted for prognostic variables including estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), ejection fraction and B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP). The mean value of NPY was 25.8 ± 18.2 pg/ml. Patients with high NPY levels (≥29 pg/ml) compared with low values were older (73 ± 10 vs. 71 ± 11 years), more often male (58.5% vs. 55.6%), had higher BNP levels (583 [261–1096] vs. 440 [227–829] pg/ml), lower eGFR (46.4 ± 13.9 vs. 52.4 ± 11.7 ml/min/1.73 m2), and were more often treated with diuretics. There was no associated risk of HF hospitalization with NPY levels ≥29 vs. <29 pg/ml. Higher NPY levels were associated with a greater risk of cardiovascular and all‐cause death (adjusted hazard ratio 1.56 [95% confidence interval 1.21–2.10], p = 0.003 and 1.30 [1.04–1.62], p = 0.02, respectively). There was no associated risk of HF hospitalization with higher NPY levels.

Conclusions

Peripherally measured NPY is an independent predictor of all‐cause and cardiovascular death even after adjustment for other prognostic variables, including BNP.
The IFN‐γ‐CXCL9/CXCL10‐CXCR3 axis in vitiligo: Pathological mechanism and treatment
Authors: Liu Hanqing , Wang Yihui , Le Qianqian , Tong Jiajia , Wang Honglin
Published: November 2023

Vitiligo is a disease featuring distinct white patches that result from melanocyte destruction. The overall pathogenesis of vitiligo remains to be elucidated. Nevertheless, considerable research indicates that adaptive immune activation plays a key role in this process. Specifically, the interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligands (CXCL9/10), and C‐X‐C motif chemokine receptor (CXCR3) signaling axis, collectively referred to as IFN‐γ‐CXCL9/10‐CXCR3 or ICC axis, has emerged as a key mediator responsible for the recruitment of autoimmune CXCR3+ CD8+ T cells. These cells serve as executioners of melanocytes by promoting their detachment and apoptosis. Moreover, IFN‐γ is generated by activated T cells to create a positive feedback loop, exacerbating the autoimmune response. This review not only delves into the mechanistic insights of the ICC axis but also explores the significant immunological effects of associated cytokines and their receptors. Additionally, the review provides a thorough comparison of existing and emerging treatment options that target the ICC axis for managing vitiligo. This review aims to foster further advancements in basic research within related fields and facilitate a deeper understanding of alternative treatment strategies targeting different elements of the axis.
Hydrophosphorylation of C=O/N Bonds Using Organophosphine Oxides or Sulfides
Authors: Lamberink‐Ilupeju Jan‐Willem , Ragogna Paul J. , Blacquiere Johanna M.
Published: November 2023

α‐Functionalized phosphorus compounds are an important class of biologically relevant molecules. The synthesis of these compounds often proceeds through the hydrophosphorylation of a C=E bond, with the most well‐known transformation being the Kabachnik‐Fields reaction. The nature of the phosphorus reagent is an important aspect of the hydrophosphorylation reaction. The Kabachnik‐Fields reaction uses H‐phosphonates (RO)2P(O)H, and similarities are often applied to 2° phosphine chalcogenides (R2P(Ch)H). However, the reactivities of the P−C and P−OR molecules differ quite dramatically, which changes the operative mechanism as well as subsequent downstream chemistry. We provide an in‐depth analysis of hydrophosphorylation of C=E (E=O, N) bonds with organophosphine chalcogenides. Additional discussion and a critical appraisal are provided on the similarities and differences between the H‐phosphonate and phosphine chalcogenide chemistry.
Mind the gap: Wise reasoning attenuates gender pay gap scepticism in men
Authors: Brienza Justin P. , Dorfman Anna , Bobocel D. Ramona
Published: November 2023

We draw from theory on motivated reasoning to suggest that men would be more prone toward gender pay gap scepticism (PGS) than women because doing so maintains a valued but illusory belief that society is currently fair. Integrating theory on wisdom and wise reasoning—a self‐transcendent thinking process composed of intellectual humility, contextualism, perspectivism and dialecticism—we also hypothesised that men who engaged in stronger (vs. weaker) wise reasoning about the pay gap would be less prone toward PGS. Two pre‐registered studies (N = 651) supported the predictions: generally, men were more prone toward gender PGS than women, while wise reasoning tended to attenuate scepticism in men. The patterns of effects remained stable when controlling for income, education, political orientation, and perceptions of the effects of COVID‐19 on women's economic and psychological well‐being. Our studies pave the way for interventions that alter how people reason about inequities such as the gender pay gap in an effort to create fairer workplaces and societies.
Navigating non‐normative roles: Experiences of female‐breadwinning couples in Pakistan
Authors: Shah Rahat
Published: November 2023

This study aims to explore the experiences of female‐breadwinning couples (FBCs) in Pakistan. Using the constructivist grounded theory approach, a sample of twenty participants (10 male and 10 females) was interviewed. The study findings show that FBCs experience social stigmatisation, social isolation and differential treatment. These couples are viewed as abnormal, different and violators of the normative gendered expectations. FBCs not only experience societal backlash, but their relationship dynamics are also negatively affected. To deal with societal responses and relationship problems, these couples adopt various normalisation strategies such as exercising discretion, relocation and performing gender identities. This study contributes to the literature by providing a culturally informed perspective on how deeply embedded gender norms shape interpersonal dynamics, normalisation strategies and overall experiences with non‐normative roles. The study also suggests for a more explicit consideration of cultural and normative contexts to enrich the application of social psychological theories.
Experimental and Simulation Studies on the Thermal Characteristics of Large‐Capacity Square Lithium‐Ion Batteries with Low‐Temperature Discharge
Authors: Ren Tong , Mao Zhengyu , Chang Lijun , Chen Wanyu , Xu Jiawen , Zhang Yan , Chen Taiwei , Cai Zhihua
Published: November 2023

As the capacity of lithium‐ion batteries decays severely at low temperatures, it is important to study the electrochemical and thermal properties of lithium‐ion batteries at low temperatures. Herein, a large‐capacity prismatic lithium‐ion battery is selected to carry out experiments to study the electrothermal characteristics of the battery in different temperatures (25, 0, −10, and −20 °C). Second, a pseudo‐3D electrochemical–thermal coupling model is established and the validity of the model is verified. Finally, this article analyzes the influence of ambient temperature on the thermal characteristics of the battery during discharge. The results show that the battery discharge capacity gradually decreases with the decrease in the ambient temperature. At −20 °C, the discharged electricity is 66.51% of that at room temperature. At the same time, as the ambient temperature drops, the temperature rise on the surface of the battery increases during the discharge process, and at −20 °C, the temperature rise can reach 3.86 times than that at normal temperature. In addition, the change in reversible heat percentage is negatively correlated with the discharge rate and positively correlated with the battery temperature, while the effect of the discharge rate on irreversible heat is greater than that of ambient temperature.
Novel prediction models of earthquake early warning for ground motion power in Taiwan
Authors: Chao Shu‐Hsien , Lin Che‐Min , Chou Chung‐Che , Chen Kuan‐Hua
Published: November 2023

Studies have indicated that the power of seismic waves, rather than the acceleration and velocity, strongly correlates with the level of structural damage and the shutdown of high‐tech equipment during high‐precision process. However, current earthquake early warning (EEW) systems in Taiwan issue a warning only for a seismic wave with high acceleration or velocity but not for that with high power. To extend the application of the EEW system to high‐tech fields, conventional and novel hybrid prediction models were developed in this study to predict the ground motion power and to issue EEWs for high‐power ground motions. A conventional prediction model that relies on earthquake source parameters was first developed to determine ground motion characteristics, and a hybrid prediction model that relies not only on earthquake source parameters but also on the on‐site ground motion parameter of P‐waves was developed to improve the prediction accuracy. The two‐step maximum likelihood method was used to derive model coefficients for considering the mixed effect of the ground motion records. The source, path, and site effects on the short‐period power and the long‐period power of ground motions were illustrated by the proposed models. A method for determining a broadcast scenario of EEW systems for high‐power ground motions with a target success rate and damage threshold was also developed. These novel prediction models can be used to develop a customized EEW system to provide an early warning for high‐power seismic waves in Taiwan.
Chemical components of Fu brick tea and its potential preventive effects on metabolic syndrome
Authors: Li Honghua , Dai Wei , Zhang Xinjun , Lu Jie , Song Fuhang , Li Hua
Published: November 2023

As living standards advance, an escalating emphasis is placed on health, particularly in relation to prevalent chronic metabolic disorders. It is necessary to explore safe and effective functional foods or drugs. Fu brick tea (FBT) is a kind of dark tea fermented by fungi. The extracts are rich in compounds that can effectively relieve metabolic diseases such as hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, protect the liver, improve human immunity, enhance antioxidant activity, and regulate intestinal flora. This paper summarizes the biological activities and mechanisms of the extracts, polysaccharides, and small molecular compounds of FBT, which provides a certain theoretical basis for the rational, systematic, comprehensive development and utilization of the FBT resources. It is expected to develop and apply these active substances in health care products and natural medicines and provide more beneficial and diversified FBT products for human beings.
Impaired cortical neuronal homeostasis and cognition after diffuse traumatic brain injury are dependent on microglia and type I interferon responses
Authors: Packer Jonathan M. , Bray Chelsea E. , Beckman Nicolas B. , Wangler Lynde M. , Davis Amara C. , Goodman Ethan J. , Klingele Nathaniel E. , Godbout Jonathan P.
Published: November 2023

Neuropsychiatric complications including depression and cognitive decline develop in the years after traumatic brain injury (TBI), negatively affecting quality of life. Microglial and type 1 interferon (IFN‐I) responses are associated with the transition from acute to chronic neuroinflammation after diffuse TBI in mice. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine if impaired neuronal homeostasis and increased IFN‐I responses intersected after TBI to cause cognitive impairment. Here, the RNA profile of neurons and microglia after TBI (single nucleus RNA‐sequencing) with or without microglia depletion (CSF1R antagonist) was assessed 7 dpi. There was a TBI‐dependent suppression of cortical neuronal homeostasis with reductions in CREB signaling, synaptogenesis, and synaptic migration and increases in RhoGDI and PTEN signaling (Ingenuity Pathway Analysis). Microglial depletion reversed 50% of TBI‐induced gene changes in cortical neurons depending on subtype. Moreover, the microglial RNA signature 7 dpi was associated with increased stimulator of interferon genes (STING) activation and IFN‐I responses. Therefore, we sought to reduce IFN‐I signaling after TBI using STING knockout mice and a STING antagonist, chloroquine (CQ). TBI‐associated cognitive deficits in novel object location and recognition (NOL/NOR) tasks at 7 and 30 dpi were STING dependent. In addition, TBI‐induced STING expression, microglial morphological restructuring, inflammatory (Tnf, Cd68, Ccl2) and IFN‐related (Irf3, Irf7, Ifi27) gene expression in the cortex were attenuated in STINGKO mice. CQ also reversed TBI‐induced cognitive deficits and reduced TBI‐induced inflammatory (Tnf, Cd68, Ccl2) and IFN (Irf7, Sting) cortical gene expression. Collectively, reducing IFN‐I signaling after TBI with STING‐dependent interventions attenuated the prolonged microglial activation and cognitive impairment.
Subjective memory complaints: Prevalence, associated factors and sex differences in the ELSI‐Brazil study
Authors: Pinho Pedro J. M. R. , Bertola Laiss , Ramos Ari Alex , Ghossain Barbosa Matheus , Rabelo Wendell , Castro‐Costa Érico , Lima‐Costa Maria Fernanda , Ferri Cleusa Pinheiro
Published: November 2023

Background

Subjective memory complaints (SMCs) are a possible prodrome of cognitive decline but are understudied in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC). We aimed to estimate the prevalence of SMCs in a large, nationally representative sample of older adults from Brazil and to identify sociodemographic and health‐related factors that are associated with SMCs independently of objective memory.

Methods

Baseline data (n = 7831) from the ELSI‐Brazil study, a national representative sample of adults aged 50 and over. They were asked to rate their memory and then divided into two groups ‐ having or not having SMCs. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association of demographic characteristics, health related factors, objective memory performance and disability in basic (b‐ADL), instrumental (i‐ADL), and advanced (a‐ADL) activities of daily living associated with SMCs. Whether sex was an effect modifier of the association between age and objective memory performance and SMCs was also tested.

Results

Of the sample, 42% (95% CI; 39.9–43.9) had SMCs, and it was higher among women (46.9%) than men (35.9%). SMC prevalence decreased with age among women and increased among men, and for both it decreased with better cognitive performance. Fully adjusted logistic regression model showed that older age, higher education, higher b‐ADL scores, and better cognitive performance were associated with decreased SMCs, while being female, with higher number of chronic conditions, higher i‐ADL scores, worst self‐rated health, and an increased number of depressive symptoms were associated with increased SMCs. However, the interaction test (p < 0.001) confirmed that increased age was associated with decreased SMCs only among women, and that better objective memory performance was associated with decreased SMCs only among men.

Conclusions

SMCs are common in the Brazilian older population and are associated with health and sociodemographic factors, with different patterns between men and women. There is a need for future studies looking at the cognitive trajectory and dementia risk in older adults with subjective cognitive complaints.
Numerical investigation of hydrothermal performance over perforated conical pin heat sinks
Authors: Al‐Karooshi Mohammed A. , Chahrour Khaled M. , Khalil Wissam H. , Al‐Damook Amer
Published: November 2023

Over the past few decades, researchers have shown significant interest in enhancing the thermal efficiency of heat sinks while simultaneously increasing the power generation capacity of electronic devices and reducing their size. In this study, the focus lies on the originality of employing conical perforated pin heat sinks with multiple perforations (N = 0, 1, 2, and 3) and various conical pins inclination angles (Φ = 0°, 1°, 2°, 3°, and 4°). The study aimed to numerically investigate the effects of a perforated conical pin and cone inclination angle on heat transfer, pressure drop, CPU temperature, and hydrothermal performance (HTP) across the heat sinks using a three‐dimensional, turbulent flow as k–ω SST model combined with the thermal conjugate model. A validated CFD model is employed to conduct a parametric analysis of the effects of the quantity and placement of circular holes. A summary of the results reveals that Model B3 exhibited the highest HTP value, reaching approximately 1.15 at U = 10 m/s, with a commendable reduction in heat sink mass of over 18%. Ultimately, the perforated conical pin heat sink demonstrates the potential to fulfill the primary objective of this investigation, which is achieving an overall improvement in Nusselt number, CPU temperature, pressure drop, and reduced heat sink mass.
Bladder cancer with urinary diversion by a sigmoid colon conduit after transverse colon stoma
Authors: Aoki Tadashi , Furuya Ryota , Fukasawa Masanari , Nozawa Munehiro , Takihana Yoshio , Sudoh Makoto , Nakagomi Hiroshi
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Sigmoid conduit is one of the methods for achieving urinary diversion, but it is performed less frequently than ileal conduit and ureterostomy. Herein, we report a case in which a sigmoid colon conduit was performed after nephrostomy and transverse colostomy.

Case presentation

A 70‐year‐old man was referred to our hospital because of a bladder tumor. Computed tomography and transurethral biopsy revealed advanced bladder cancer with ureteral and rectal invasion. Despite drug therapy, the tumor progressed. Thus, nephrostomy and transverse colostomy were performed for urinary and fecal diversion, respectively. Subsequently, chemotherapy was administered for 8 months. As nephrostomy‐related complications occurred frequently during chemotherapy, a sigmoid colon conduit was performed instead of nephrostomy for urinary diversion to improve the patient's quality of life.

Conclusion

In patients with advanced bladder cancer requiring a double stoma of the urinary and fecal tracts, sigmoid colon conduit may be selected as a urinary diversion method.
CAPM and a new investment decision method
Authors: Taussig Roi D.
Published: November 2023

The traditional CAPM explains the return on each security, while the current study suggests a new methodology for “picking” a broad index, based on regression trees. Analysts’ recommendations on market prices are analyzed, and a one to three‐stage method is employed. The analysis suggests a few rules of thumb (only one to three stages) for buying or selling the CRSP US market index. The findings are robust, and the rules are reliable. Researchers and practitioners may benefit greatly from the new rules.
Exercise attenuates polyglutamine‐mediated neuromuscular degeneration in a mouse model of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy
Authors: Hirunagi Tomoki , Nakatsuji Hideaki , Sahashi Kentaro , Yamamoto Mikiyasu , Iida Madoka , Tohnai Genki , Kondo Naohide , Yamada Shinichiro , Murakami Ayuka , Noda Seiya , Adachi Hiroaki , Sobue Gen , Katsuno Masahisa
Published: November 2023

Background

Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is a hereditary neuromuscular disorder caused by the expansion of trinucleotide cytosine–adenine–guanine (CAG) repeats, which encodes a polyglutamine (polyQ) tract in the androgen receptor (AR) gene. Recent evidence suggests that, in addition to motor neuron degeneration, defective skeletal muscles are also the primary contributors to the pathogenesis in SBMA. While benefits of physical exercise have been suggested in SBMA, underlying mechanism remains elusive.

Methods

We investigated the effect of running exercise in a transgenic mouse model of SBMA carrying human AR with 97 expanded CAGs (AR97Q). We assigned AR97Q mice to exercise and sedentary control groups, and mice in the exercise group received 1‐h forced running wheel (5 m/min) 5 days a week for 4 weeks during the early stage of the disease. Motor function (grip strength and rotarod performance) and survival of each group were analysed, and histopathological and biological features in skeletal muscles and motor neurons were evaluated.

Results

AR97Q mice in the exercise group showed improvement in motor function (~40% and ~50% increase in grip strength and rotarod performance, respectively, P < 0.05) and survival (median survival 23.6 vs. 16.7 weeks, P < 0.05) with amelioration of neuronal and muscular histopathology (~1.4‐fold and ~2.8‐fold increase in motor neuron and muscle fibre size, respectively, P < 0.001) compared to those in the sedentary group. Nuclear accumulation of polyQ‐expanded AR in skeletal muscles and motor neurons was suppressed in the mice with exercise compared to the sedentary mice (~50% and ~30% reduction in 1C2‐positive cells in skeletal muscles and motor neurons, respectively, P < 0.05). We found that the exercise activated 5′‐adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling and inhibited mammalian target of rapamycin pathway that regulates protein synthesis in skeletal muscles of SBMA mice. Pharmacological activation of AMPK inhibited protein synthesis and reduced polyQ‐expanded AR proteins in C2C12 muscle cells.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest the therapeutic potential of exercise‐induced effect via AMPK activation in SBMA.
Regioselective synthesis of new imidazo[4,5‐e][1,3]thiazino[2,3‐c][1,2,4]triazines via reaction of imidazo[4,5‐e][1,2,4]triazinethiones with ethyl phenylpropiolate
Authors: Vinogradov Dmitry B. , Izmest'ev Alexei N. , Kravchenko Angelina N. , Kolotyrkina Natalya G. , Gazieva Galina A.
Published: November 2023

A method for the regioselective synthesis of imidazo[4,5‐e][1,3]thiazino[2,3‐c][1,2,4]triazine derivatives has been developed by the reaction of imidazotriazinethiones with ethyl phenylpropiolate upon treatment with potassium carbonate or sodium methoxide in methanol. The synthesis was accomplished by Michael‐type addition of the imidazotriazinethiones to the triple bond of ethyl phenylpropiolate followed by subsequent intramolecular cyclization.
Preparation and evaluation of radiolabeled acetaminosalol microspheres: A new potential selective radiotracer for ulcerative colitis early diagnosis
Authors: El‐Kawy O. A. , Shweeta H. A. , Abdelgawad M. R.
Published: November 2023

Acetaminosalol labeling reaction with technetium‐99m was optimized, and the radiocomplex was obtained in a high radiochemical yield of 98.9 ± 0.6% and high stability (>30 h). The tracer was characterized, and its binding to the PPARγ receptor was assessed in silico. To reduce radiation exposure to non‐target organs and increase accumulation in the colon, the tracer was formulated as pH‐sensitive microspheres with a mean particle size of 201 ± 2.1 μm, a polydispersity index of 0.18, a 25.3 ± 3.6 zeta potential, and 98.6 ± 0.33% entrapment efficiency. The system suitability was assessed in vivo in normal and ulcerative rats, and the biodistribution profile in the colon showed 56.5 ± 1.4% localization within 4 h. Blocking study suggested the selectivity of the tracer to the target receptor. Overall, the reported data encouraged the potential use of the labeled microspheres to target ulcerative colitis.
From viral democratic genomes to viral wild bunch of quasispecies
Authors: Colson Philippe , Bader Wahiba , Fantini Jacques , Dudouet Pierre , Levasseur Anthony , Pontarotti Pierre , Devaux Christian , Raoult Didier
Published: November 2023

The tremendous majority of RNA genomes from pathogenic viruses analyzed and deposited in databases are consensus or “democratic” genomes. They represent the genomes most frequently found in the clinical samples of patients but do not account for the huge genetic diversity of coexisting genomes, which is better described as quasispecies. A viral quasispecies is defined as the dynamic distribution of nonidentical but closely related mutants, variants, recombinant, or reassortant viral genomes. Viral quasispecies have collective behavior and dynamics and are the subject of internal interactions that comprise interference, complementation, or cooperation. In the setting of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, intrahost SARS‐CoV‐2 genetic diversity was recently notably reported for immunocompromised, chronically infected patients, for patients treated with monoclonal antibodies targeting the viral spike protein, and for different body compartments of a single patient. A question that deserves attention is whether such diversity is generated postinfection from a clonal genome in response to selection pressure or is already present at the time of infection as a quasispecies. In the present review, we summarize the data supporting that hosts are infected by a “wild bunch” of viruses rather than by multiple virions sharing the same genome. Each virion in the “wild bunch” may have different virulence and tissue tropisms. As the number of viruses replicated during host infections is huge, a viral quasispecies at any time of infection is wide and is also influenced by host‐specific selection pressure after infection, which accounts for the difficulty in deciphering and predicting the appearance of more fit variants and the evolution of epidemics of novel RNA viruses.
Rapid and sensitive detection of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid residual on fruit surface via SERS‐tape sampling
Authors: Chang Min , Li Shibo , Wang Luyao , Chen Hui , Lei Ming
Published: November 2023

The residual 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) in fruits poses a serious threat to human health. The continuous deposition of 2,4‐D in the body may cause symptoms such as cancer or Alzheimer's disease, therefore, it is of great significance for the detection of 2,4‐D traces on fruits. In this paper, we proposed a simple “paste‐collect‐test” strategy based on surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy via tape sampling (SERS‐tape sampling). The flexibility and stickiness of commercial tapes were combined with the excellent activity of optimized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) for rapid trace detection of pesticides in cherry tomatoes. The first two steps of “paste” and “collect” were completed by the tape to simplify the sampling procedure of the analyte molecules, and the “test” step was accomplished by deposing Ag NPs on the surface of the tape after analyte collection. The whole process was completed in a few minutes. The results showed that the limit of detection (LOD) of 2,4‐D in cherry tomatoes was 3.63 × 10−10 M with the SERS‐tape sampling approach, which is much lower than the maximum residue limit specified by the European Union (EU). This simple and easy‐to‐operate method is highly sensitive and could be a promise of 2,4‐D for food safety.
Mung bean protein as an emerging source of plant protein: a review on production methods, functional properties, modifications and its potential applications
Authors: Feng Qiqian , Niu Zhitao , Zhang Siqi , Wang Li , Qun Shen , Yan Zheng , Hou Dianzhi , Zhou Sumei
Published: November 2023

Plant protein is rapidly becoming more of a prime interest to consumers for its nutritional and functional properties, as well as the potential to replace animal protein. In the frame of alternative protein new sources, mung bean is becoming another legume crop that could provide high quality plant protein after soybean and pea. In particular, the 8S globulins in mung bean protein have high structural similarity and homology with soybean β‐conglycinin (7S globulin), with 68% sequence identity. Currently, mung bean protein has gained popularity in food industry because of its high nutritional value and peculiar functional properties. In that regard, various modification technologies have been applied to further broaden its application. Here, we provide a review of the composition, nutritional value, production methods, functional properties and modification technologies of mung bean protein. Furthermore, its potential applications in the new plant‐based products, meat products, noodles, edible packaging films and bioactive compound carriers are highlighted to facilitate its utilization as an alternative plant protein, thus meeting consumer demands for high quality plant protein resources. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
An empirical investigation of definitions of subthreshold posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Klein Alexandra B. , Schnurr Paula P. , Bovin Michelle J. , Friedman Matthew J. , Keane Terence M. , Marx Brian P.
Published: November 2023

Subthreshold posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has long been recognized as an important construct that identifies a subgroup of individuals who report significant PTSD symptoms and associated disability but do not endorse enough symptoms to meet the criteria for a full PTSD diagnosis. Different investigators have defined subthreshold PTSD in various ways, making it difficult to interpret findings across studies. To address this problem, we systematically compared individuals who met criteria for nine different subthreshold PTSD definitions with individuals diagnosed with either full PTSD or no PTSD (i.e., failed to meet the criteria for a subthreshold definition) with respect to prevalence and associated clinical outcomes of interest. Participants were 1,082 veterans enrolled in the Veterans After Discharge Longitudinal Registry. PTSD and subthreshold PTSD diagnostic status were determined using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐5 (SCID‐5) and validated self‐report instruments were used to assess clinical outcomes. Across outcomes, subthreshold definitions generally identified a group of participants that was distinguishable from participants in both the PTSD and no PTSD groups, rs = .02–.47. We discuss the benefits and drawbacks of various subthreshold definitions and highlight the need for additional work evaluating these definitions across additional outcomes and samples. In the interim, we propose a working case definition of subthreshold PTSD as meeting any three of the four DSM‐5 symptom criteria (i.e., Criteria B, C, D, and E) along with Criterion A and Criteria F–H. The results suggest subthreshold PTSD is a clinically meaningful construct.
A practical framework for ethics assessment in wildlife management decision‐making
Authors: Smith Christian A. , Tantillo James A. , Hale Benjamin , Decker Daniel J. , Forstchen Ann B. , Pomeranz Emily F. , Lauber T. Bruce , Schiavone Michael V. , Frohlich Kipp , Lederle Patrick E. , Benedict R. Joseph , Hurst Jeremy , King Richard , Siemer William F. , Baumer Meghan S.
Published: November 2023

Wildlife professionals lack a framework and process for incorporating ethical considerations in a systematic and transparent way, along with ecological and social science, to support wildlife management decision‐making. We provide such a framework and process based on 3 of the major theoretical branches ethicists have developed in Western culture: consequentialist moral theory, which focuses on consequences and outcomes; principle‐ and rule‐based approaches that deal with what is considered right or wrong; and virtue ethical theory, which considers factors such as character, virtue, and aesthetics. The framework can be used to anticipate the ethical consequences of alternative courses of action or taking no action. If wildlife professionals use this framework as an assessment tool to provide input into decision‐making, resulting decisions will be more transparent, better understood by stakeholders, and more consistent with public trust responsibilities.
Simultaneous preconcentration of 9Be and cosmogenic 10Be for determination of the 10Be/9Be ratio in (coastal) seawater
Authors: Wang Chenyu , Frick Daniel A. , von Blanckenburg Friedhelm , Frank Martin , Lian Ergang , Yang Shouye , Wittmann Hella
Published: November 2023

Beryllium isotopes have emerged as a quantitative tracer of continental weathering, but accurate and precise determination of the cosmogenic 10Be and stable 9Be in seawater is challenging, because seawater contains high concentrations of matrix elements but extremely low concentrations of 9Be and 10Be. In this study, we develop a new, time‐efficient procedure for the simultaneous preconcentration of 9Be and 10Be from (coastal) seawater based on the iron co‐precipitation method. The concentrations of 9Be, 10Be, and the resulting 10Be/9Be ratio for Changjiang Estuary water derived from the new procedure agree well with those obtained from the conventional procedure requiring separate preconcentration for 9Be and 10Be determinations. By avoiding the separate preconcentration, our newly developed procedure contributes toward more time‐efficient handling of samples, less sample cross‐contamination, and a more reliable 10Be/9Be ratio. Prior to this, we validated the iron co‐precipitation method using artificial seawater and natural water samples from the Amazon Estuary regarding: (1) the “matrix effect” for Be analysis, (2) its extraction efficiency for pg g−1 levels Be in the presence and absence of organic matter, and (3) the data comparability with another preconcentration method. We calculated that for the determination of 9Be and 10Be in most open ocean seawater with typical 10Be concentrations of > 500 atoms g−1, good precisions (< 5%) can be achieved using less than 3 liters of seawater compared to more than 20 liters routinely used previously. Even for coastal seawater with extremely low 10Be concentration (e.g., 100 atoms g−1), we estimate a maximum amount of 10 liters to be adequate.
Advances in organ‐on‐a‐chip for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Liu Jing , Wang Ying
Published: November 2023

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is currently a serious and growing public health problem. In tackling this challenge, organ‐on‐chip (OoC) technology, combined with cell culture and microfluidics, presents a powerful approach for constructing sophisticated tissue models in vitro that can simulate the physiological and pathological microenvironments of human organs. Nowadays, OoC technology has emerged as a pivotal tool in advancing our understanding of CVD pathogenesis, facilitating tissue regeneration studies, conducting efficient drug screening, and assessing therapeutic effects. Moreover, it offers a diverse array of study platforms for preclinical research, fostering innovative approaches towards combating CVD and improving patient outcomes. In this review, we first present the key advantages of OoC technology, including its highly relevant physiological microenvironment, incorporation of integrated functions, and the possibility of the construction of multiorgan‐on‐a‐chip through microfluidic linkage. Then, we summarized the role of OoC in the construction of disease pathological models, which provides a new channel for the exploration of disease pathological mechanisms. Moreover, we discuss the application of this technology in cardiac regeneration and drug screening. Finally, we discuss the challenges of tissue models constructed based on OoC technology and the prospects of this innovative approach.
Clinical report and genetic analysis of a Chinese patient with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy associated with novel biallelic variants in the ST3GAL3 gene
Authors: Hu Jihong , Liu Juan , Guo Chunguang , Duan Yaqin , Liu Chunlei , Tan Yaqiong , Pan Ying
Published: November 2023

Background

Defects in the Golgi enzyme beta‐galactoside‐alpha‐2,3‐sialyltransferase‐III (ST3Gal‐III) caused by biallelic ST3GAL3 gene variants are associated with human neurodevelopmental disorders. Although ST3GAL3 gene variants have been linked to developmental and/or epileptic encephalopathy 15 (DEE15), their presence has only been reported in nine patients; however, the real frequency may be masked by insufficient screening.

Methods

Phenotypic information was collected from a male patient with severe psychomotor developmental delay and epileptic seizures, and genetic testing was done using whole exome sequencing. A molecular dynamics simulation analysis was performed to assess the potential impacts of the identified ST3GAL3 variants on the ST3Gal‐III protein function, and a literature review was conducted to compare this case with previously described cases and assess disease manifestation and genetic characteristics.

Results

The patient inherited compound heterozygous ST3GAL3 gene variants, NM_006279.5:c.809G>A (p.Arg270Gln) and c.921dupG (p.Thr308fs*8). Neither variant had been previously reported in the general population. The p.Arg270Gln variant disrupted a hydrogen bond in the simulated ST3Gal‐III protein structure. Among 25 patients with ST3GAL3 gene defects, eight ST3GAL3 gene variants were identified, and five variants had DEE signs.

Conclusion

Patients with DEE15 may have novel ST3GAL3 gene variants, and this study may be the first clinical report of their occurrence in a Chinese patient. These variants should be considered when evaluating patients presenting with unexplained early‐onset epileptic encephalopathy, severe developmental delay, and/or intellectual disability.
A chimeric medial femoral condyle chondro‐osseus flap with two thin periosteal flaps to reconstruct partial necrosis of talar body: A case report
Authors: Alice Letizia Andreoli , Sara Tamburello , Stefano Bianco , Mori Francesco , Giulio Menichini
Published: November 2023

Total talar extrusion is a rare complication of high‐energy traumas. A consequence of this injury can be avascular necrosis (AVN) of the talus. Patients are confronted with pain, limited range of motion and post‐traumatic arthritis. As AVN progresses the talus is gradually destroyed. This report presents the use of a chimeric medial femoral condyle chondro‐osseus flap with two thin periosteal flaps to increase vascular supply to the traumatized area, accelerate bone formation, flap integration, and restore articular surfaces in a patient with partial necrosis of talar body. The patient was a 26‐year‐old female with open left lateral talar extrusion after a motor‐vehicle accident that developed a partial avascular necrosis, at the level of the subtalar and ankle joint with altered talar dome surface with partial depression of 2 cm. The patient was in pain and not able to walk. The medial femoral condyle chondro‐osseus portion was placed in the talar dome depression to restore the subtalar joint, the periosteal flaps were placed on top to reconstruct the ankle joint restoring the articular surfaces and the correct weight‐bearing distribution. No complications or morbidity of donor site were observed. One year after the operation, the patient walks free, without pain. Post‐operatory x‐ray performed, evidenced progressive bone healing and reduction of the AVN. In the intent of performing a joint‐saving procedure, the presented chimeric flap might be effective in the short‐term with excellent clinical and radiographic outcomes.
Which parameters, related to the female urethra and pelvic floor, determine therapy selection for recurrent female stress urinary incontinence: ICI‐RS 2023?
Authors: Ockrim Jeremy , Kearney Rohna , Carolina Ochoa D. , Hashim Hashim , Van Koeveringe Gommert , Chermansky Christopher , Cardozo Linda , Wein Alan , Abrams Paul
Published: November 2023

Introduction

The evidence basis for therapy selection in women who have failed primary stress urinary incontinence (SUI) surgery is limited. The ICI‐RS group discussed the available data at its meeting in June 2023, particularly the anatomical characteristics as assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US) modalities, functional characteristics associated with storage and voiding urodynamic assessment, as well as the patient characteristics that might influence outcomes. This paper summarizes the evidence base that supported these discussions and offers the basis for research proposals for future groups.

Methods

A literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was performed, and the data is presented. Research questions are based on the knowledge gaps highlighted.

Results

Possible MRI parameters that may influence outcomes were striated urethral sphincter volume, bladder and proximal urethral funneling, pubo‐urethral ligament integrity, distance of the bladder neck below the pubococcygeal line, posterior urethra‐vesical angle, and bladder neck to levator ani distance. US parameters included sling distance to the urethral lumen and pubis, sling position, bladder neck mobility, and lateral arm asymmetry, twisting, or curling. Urodynamic parameters included detrusor overactivity, Valsalva leak point pressure, maximum urethral closure pressure, and bladder outlet obstruction. Important patient parameters included body mass index, age, and previous interventions.

Conclusions

Identifying and quantifying causative factors in patients with recurrent SUI, that allow clinicians to modify subsequent treatment choices and techniques may help reduce treatment failure and complications. Formulating algorithms is the next step in optimizing patient counseling, surgical selection, and healthcare allocation.
High Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep‐Disordered Breathing in Pediatric Patients With Turner Syndrome
Authors: Pham Tiffany T. , Davis Shanlee M. , Tong Suhong , Campa Khaled A. , Friedman Norman R. , Gitomer Sarah A.
Published: November 2023

Objective

Girls with Turner syndrome (TS) often have features that have been associated with obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing (oSDB). However, little is known about oSDB in TS. Herein, we aimed to characterize oSDB in young patients with TS and identify associated risk factors.

Study Design

Retrospective cross‐sectional study.

Setting

Tertiary care pediatric hospital.

Methods

We reviewed medical records for patients diagnosed with TS seen at our institution between October 1, 2007 and December 31, 2019 with the first outpatient visit before age 6 years. The prevalence of oSDB was compared to the general pediatric population with 1‐sample binomial proportion tests. Clinical characteristics were compared between those diagnosed with oSDB and those without oSDB, and risk factors for oSDB were identified.

Results

Of 151 patients with TS, 73 (48%) were diagnosed with oSDB which is 4‐fold higher than the general pediatric population (12%, P < 0.0001). In the multivariable model, adenoid, tonsillar, and inferior turbinate hypertrophy, birthweight, failure to thrive, and older age at the last clinic visit were all associated with increased odds for oSDB.

Conclusion

Young children with TS have a high prevalence of oSDB and thus should be screened for oSDB. Polysomnography should be performed in those with associated risk factors and symptoms oSDB. Treatment of oSDB is imperative as individuals with TS are already at increased risk of behavioral problems, neurocognitive deficits, and growth impairment that may be worsened with oSDB.