bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FEASIBILITY OF ICE-SLURRY APPLICATION TO THE DISTRICT COOLING SYSTEM IN KOREA
Authors: CHUNG JAE DONG , MOON SEUNG-JAE , LEE YOON-PYO , LEE JAE-HEON , LEE CHANG-JUN , YOO HOSEON
Published: July 2014

The district-cooling system (DCS) has been in service in Sang-am in Seoul, Korea since 2005. The capacity of the DCS facility in Sang-am was 111 Gcal/h in 2011, and an additional 63 Gcal/h capacity is planned for installation by 2025. However, the cooling demand has increased due to unexpected high-rise building blocks, and the required facility capacity is expected to be 101 Gcal/h. Adding a new building plan to the existing plant is difficult. This study centers on a feasibility study for the new requirement under the restrictions of existing pipelines, limited space and regulations on the use of electric-driven chillers in Korea, etc. The precise estimation of the diversity factor is essential to determine the required capacities. To this end, each building in the district area was categorized, and the cooling loads were measured for the summer seasons of 2010 and 2011. The large energy capacity of an ice-slurry can potentially increase the cooling capacity in existing plants while maintaining the same flow rate and pumping power. Thus introducing an ice-slurry is expected to be a potential solution to the significantly increased cooling load under the restriction of existing pipeline system without requiring increases in pipe size or system flow rates.
The protein kinase D1 COOH terminus: marker or regulator of enzyme activity?
Authors: Qiu Weihua , Zhang Fan , Steinberg Susan F.
Published: July 2014

Protein kinase D1 (PKD1) is a Ser/Thr kinase implicated in a wide variety of cellular responses. PKD1 activation is generally attributed to a PKC-dependent pathway that leads to phosphorylation of the activation loop at Ser744/Ser748. This modification increases catalytic activity, including that toward an autophosphorylation site (Ser916) in a postsynaptic density-95/disks large/zonula occludens-1 (PDZ)-binding motif at the extreme COOH terminus. However, there is growing evidence that PKD1 activation can also result from a PKC-independent autocatalytic reaction at Ser744/Ser748 and that certain stimuli increase in PKD1 phosphorylation at Ser744/S748 without an increase in autophosphorylation at Ser916. This study exposes a mechanism that results in a discrepancy between PKD1 COOH-terminal autocatalytic activity and activity toward other substrates. We show that PKD1 constructs harboring COOH-terminal epitope tags display high levels of in vitro activation loop autocatalytic activity and activity toward syntide-2 (a peptide substrate), but no Ser916 autocatalytic activity. Cell-based studies show that the COOH-terminal tag, adjacent to PKD1's PDZ1-binding motif, does not grossly influence PKD1 partitioning between soluble and particulate fractions in resting cells or PKD1 translocation to the particulate fraction following treatment with PMA. However, a COOH-terminal tag that confers a high level of activation loop autocatalytic activity decreases the PKC requirement for agonist-dependent PKD1 activation in cells. The recognition that COOH-terminal tags alter PKD1's pharmacological profile is important from a technical standpoint. The altered dynamics and activation mechanisms for COOH-terminal-tagged PKD1 enzymes also could model the signaling properties of localized pools of enzyme anchored through the COOH terminus to PDZ domain-containing scaffolding proteins.
Genetic and epigenetic factors influencing chronic kidney disease
Authors: Smyth L. J. , Duffy S. , Maxwell A. P. , McKnight A. J.
Published: July 2014

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a serious public health problem because of its associated morbidity, premature mortality, and attendant healthcare costs. The rising number of persons with CKD is linked with the aging population structure and an increased prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. There is an inherited risk associated with developing CKD, as evidenced by familial clustering and differing prevalence rates across ethnic groups. Previous studies to determine the inherited risk factors for CKD rarely identified genetic variants that were robustly replicated. However, improvements in genotyping technologies and analytic methods are now helping to identify promising genetic loci aided by international collaboration and multiconsortia efforts. More recently, epigenetic modifications have been proposed to play a role in both the inherited susceptibility to CKD and, importantly, to explain how the environment dynamically interacts with the genome to alter an individual's disease risk. Genome-wide, epigenome-wide, and whole transcriptome studies have been performed, and optimal approaches for integrative analysis are being developed. This review summarizes recent research and the current status of genetic and epigenetic risk factors influencing CKD using population-based information.
Cyclophosphamide-Induced Severe Acute Hyponatremic Encephalopathy in Patients with Breast Cancer: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Baker Michelle , Markman Maurie , Niu Jiaxin
Published: July 2014

Background: Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent widely used in antineoplastic and immunosuppressive therapies. Symptomatic hyponatremia can be a rare but life-threatening complication in patients treated with cyclophosphamide. Case Presentations: We report 2 patients who presented with severe acute hyponatremic encephalopathy after receiving their first cycles of a low-dose cyclophosphamide-containing regimen for breast cancer. In case 1, a 58-year-old female received the combination of docetaxel and cyclophosphamide, and in case 2, a 56-year-old female received the combination of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide. Both patients recovered after correction of their serum sodium concentration without neurological deficits. Future cycles of chemotherapy were well tolerated without recurrence of hyponatremia after cyclophosphamide was discontinued from the respective regimens. Conclusion: Clinicians must always keep in mind that acute hyponatremic encephalopathy can be induced by low-dose cyclophosphamide.
Parents’ Goals for ADHD Care in a Clinical Pediatric Sample
Authors: McGoron Lucy , Sturner Raymond , Howard Barbara , Barry Tammy D. , Seymour Karen , Tomeny Theodore S. , Morrel Tanya M. , Ellis Brandi M. , Marks Danielle
Published: July 2014

Objective. This report describes goals parents have for their children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) when coming for a pediatric visit. Method. Data were collected from 441 parents of children presenting to either a primary care pediatric practice or a developmental behavioral pediatric practice. Parents were asked to report their top 1 or 2 goals for improvement for their children, and responses were coded into 17 categories. These categories were further grouped into 7 goal composites and examined in relation to demographic characteristics of the families, office type, and symptomology. Results. Goals related to reducing symptoms of inattention were most common, but goals were heterogeneous in nature. Goals were meaningfully, but modestly, related to symptomology. In several instances, symptoms of comorbid conditions interacted with symptoms of ADHD in relation to specific goals being reported. Conclusions. Parents’ goals extended beyond ADHD symptoms. Pediatricians need an array of resources to address parents’ goals.
The Psychological Society of South Africa sexual and gender diversity position statement: contributing towards a just society
Authors: Victor Cornelius J , Nel Juan A , Lynch Ingrid , Mbatha Khonzi
Published: July 2014

In this article, we outline the position statement on sexual and gender diversity adopted by the Psychological Society of South Africa’s Council on 24 September 2013. In line with the Society’s constitution, the statement contributes to transforming and redressing silences in South African psychology in order to promote human well-being and social justice for all. The commemoration of the 20th anniversary of the formation of the Society as well as that of democracy in the country in 2014 makes the aforementioned contribution all the more significant. The statement provides psychology professionals in South Africa and elsewhere, with a framework for understanding the challenges that individuals face in societies that are patriarchal and heteronormative and which discriminate on the basis of sexuality and gender. An affirmative view of sexual and gender diversity is taken as the foundation for providing support and guidance to professionals in all areas of psychological practice when dealing with sexually and gender diverse individuals. We contend that by assuming an affirmative stance towards sexual and gender diversity, psychology professionals can assist in the transformation of unjust sexual and gender systems, the harmful effects of which extend beyond their influence on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex individuals to all persons in South Africa. In light of recent related developments in other African countries and the imminent launch of the Pan-African Psychology Union, South African psychology may, in fact, in this manner also contribute to similar regional initiatives.
South African psychology after 20 years of democracy: criticality, social development, and relevance
Authors: Kagee Ashraf
Published: July 2014

This article is a comment on the trajectory of South African psychology over the last 20 years. The case is made that psychology is integral to the developmental state and that empirical psychology has a role to play in fashioning social policy and interventions aimed at social development. Critical psychology as such can be defined not only as a critique of empirical science but also in terms of methodological critique of existing research studies. The emphasis on empirical science is discussed with reference to psychology’s role in the contemporary health care system and its relevance to the National Planning Commission and the Millennium Development Goals. Two issues pertaining to contemporary psychology are also discussed, namely, the influence of the positive psychology movement in South African psychology and the question of indigenous psychology. Psychology’s relevance and importance are emphasised in the context of economic disparity and the potential contributions it can make in helping to address various social problems that characterise South African society two decades after the beginning of the democratic era.
A Latent Ability Model for Count Data and Application to Processing Speed
Authors: Doebler Anna , Doebler Philipp , Holling Heinz
Published: July 2014

A new family of item response theory models for count data, based on item characteristic curves (ICCs) of binary models, is presented. These models assume a Poisson distribution for the observed scores where the mean is given by the product of a speed parameter and an ICC, for example, the curve of the one- or two-parameter logistic model. Joint and marginal maximum likelihood parameter estimations are discussed and the proposed procedures are evaluated by computer simulation. As an application, item level data from a test measuring processing speed are analyzed and item fit and test information are explored.
Effect of foreign ownership on cost of borrowing: Evidence from small and medium-sized enterprises in China
Authors: Chen Dong , Ding Shujun , Wu Zhenyu
Published: July 2014

This article draws upon a sample of more than 27,000 Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to explore whether and how foreign equity investment in local SMEs affects the cost of debt. The results show that foreign ownership lowers the cost of borrowing for Chinese SMEs, and that this effect is stronger in more developed provinces. These findings contribute to evidence regarding the halo effect of foreign direct investment in emerging markets. This study also expands pecking order theory by demonstrating the signalling effect of equity structure characteristics on debt financing.
The global firestorm of law and order
Authors: Wacquant Loïc
Published: July 2014

This article reflects on the international reception of my book Prisons of Poverty as revelator of penal developments in advanced societies over the past decade. I show that the global firestorm of law and order inspired by the United States that the book detected in 1999 has continued to rage far and wide. Indeed, it has extended from First- to Second-World countries and has altered punishment politics and policies around the globe in ways that no one foresaw and would have thought possible two decades ago. I extend the analysis of the role of think tanks (especially the Manhattan Institute) in the diffusion of US-style crime-fighting notions and nostrums in Latin America as one element of the international circulation of pro-market policy packages fostering the punitive management of poverty. I elaborate and revise the original model of the link between neoliberalism and punitive penality, leading to the analysis of state-crafting in the age of social insecurity developed in my book Punishing the Poor.
Simulation Experiment of Disaster Response Organizational Structures With Alternative Optimization Techniques
Authors: Lee GeunHo , Bae Jang Won , Oh Namkyung , Hong Jeong Hee , Moon Il-Chul
Published: July 2014

Disaster response operations are critical for decreasing the devastating impacts that result in casualties and property damages. Since these operations require cooperation in dynamic and complex situations, the responding organizations require a solid organizational structure collectively. This article introduces computational designs and evaluations of alternative organizational structures for disaster responses to resolve the disconnections between resource demands and supplies. In particular, this research consists of (1) organizational structure designs with two optimization techniques, (2) agent-based simulations that virtually replicate disaster response contexts, and (3) social network analysis to interpret the relations between the structures and the performances from the network perspectives. We applied this approach to log records of Hurricane Katrina, and our evaluations suggest that alternative organizations would improve operation outcomes, that is, increase the successful resource delivery counts and reduce a number of organizational conflicts. This computational approach could be further utilized in designing and evaluating organizations under complex and dynamic situations.
An alternative staining method for counting red-eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta) blood cells using crystal violet in cells diluted with 0.45% sodium chloride
Authors: Tsai Chyong-Ying , Yu Jane-Fang , Wang Yu-Wen , Fan Pei-Chia , Cheng Ting-Yu , Wang Lih-Chiann
Published: July 2014

Various staining methods are available for reptilian species blood cell quantification. However, these methods have shown inaccurate differentiation limitations. The current study evaluates staining effects and blood cell counting results using an alternative method, counting blood cells diluted with 0.45% sodium chloride solution and stained with crystal violet. Blood samples from 8 red-eared slider turtles ( Trachemys scripta) were collected. Red and white blood cell counts were performed using different methods: the unstained method, the Unopette method, Liu stain, and crystal violet method using blood cells diluted in various sodium chloride solution osmolarities. The staining properties and blood cell count results were compared. The crystal violet method using blood cells diluted in 0.45% sodium chloride solution delivered the best staining and counting results among all of the tested methods, with the lowest average coefficient of variance. The proposed method can easily be performed, serving as a feasible method for blood cell counting in chelonians.
Activation to Self-Management and Exercise in Overweight and Obese Older Women With Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Kawi Jennifer , Schuerman Sue , Alpert Patricia T. , Young Daniel
Published: July 2014

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) affects approximately 1 in 10 adults in the United States, with higher prevalence in women, aggravated by increased weight. This quasi-experimental pilot study implemented an online self-management (SM) program for older overweight and obese women with knee OA combined with a two-arm progressive exercise trial (walking and stepping groups). After the 10-week intervention using an interprofessional approach, activation to SM scores were significantly higher in all participants ( N = 16) and between groups, with a higher increase in the stepping group. Those with higher activation scores pre-intervention obtained higher scores post-intervention. Activation levels also increased significantly among all participants with majority at the highest activation level. Follow-up data at 6 weeks and 6 months showed sustained SM and health-directed behaviors. These findings, although preliminary, highlight the value of combined SM and progressive exercise intervention using an interprofessional approach. Further investigations are essential toward potential practice and policy changes.
Codeswitching in West Africa
Authors: Amuzu Evershed K. , Singler John Victor
Published: July 2014

This introduction to the International Journal of Bilingualism special issue on “Codeswitching in West Africa” is divided into three parts. The first part presents an overview of West Africa, with particular attention paid to the linguistic diversity and multilingualism that characterize the region. Multilingualism in the region obtains at both the societal and the individual level: as Dakubu ((1997). Korle meets the sea: A sociolinguistic history of Accra. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press) observes, polyglotism is a longstanding characteristic of West African cities. Within this context, intense intrasentential codeswitching is widespread. A taxonomy is presented, with languages characterized as colonial, majority, or minority, and general patterns set forth as to the most common types of codeswitching dyad. The second part of the introduction provides an overview of the research that has been carried out on codeswitching in the region. Special attention is given to the earliest works. Works are divided according to whether their focus was sociolinguistic or structural, but it is to be noted that authors frequently paid crucial attention to both. Finally, in the third part, the introduction presents the five articles that make up the special issue.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Revascularization for Limb Salvage
Authors: Hughes Kakra , Boyd Christopher , Oyetunji Tolulope , Tran Daniel , Chang David , Rose David , Siram Suryanarayan , Cornwell Edward , Obisesan Thomas
Published: July 2014

Introduction:

Previous reports have suggested that black patients have a higher rate of major lower extremity amputation and a lower rate of revascularization for limb salvage when compared to white patients.

Objective:

We undertook this study to determine the extent of this ethnic disparity in recent years and to evaluate whether the widespread adoption of endovascular techniques has had an impact on this disparity.

Methods:

The American College of Surgeons’ National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database was queried to identify all patients who had undergone an above- or below-knee amputation as well as all patients who had undergone an open or endovascular revascularization procedure for critical limb ischemia for the years 2005 to 2006. Patient demographics and 30-day outcomes were recorded, and comparisons were made among the different ethnic groups.

Results:

There were 1568 patients identified in the NSQIP database as having undergone a major lower extremity amputation in 2005 and 2006. Of these patients, 54% were white, 29% black, 8% Hispanic, and 0.7% Asian. Eight percent of patients did not have identifying ethnic data. The group undergoing amputation was primarily male (61%) with a mean age of 65. Median length of stay was 11 days, and 30-day mortality was 9% following amputation. During this same time period, 4191 patients underwent an open surgical procedure and 569 patients underwent an endovascular procedure for the purposes of limb salvage. Of those patients undergoing an open procedure, 74% were white, 12% black, 4% Hispanic, 0.4% Asian, and 10% did not have identifying ethnic data. Open surgical patients were primarily male (63%) with a mean age of 66. Median length of stay was 6 days, and 30-day mortality was 3.3%. Of those patients undergoing an endovascular procedure, 79% were white, 10% black, 2% Hispanic, 1% Asian, and 8% did not have identifying ethnic data. The endovascular group was also primarily male (61%) with a mean age of 68. Median length of stay was 5 days, and 30-day mortality was 4%.

Conclusion:

There remains a significant ethnic disparity in limb-salvage revascularization. Blacks comprise 29% of patients undergoing a major lower extremity amputation, but only 12% of those undergoing an open surgical procedure and 10% of those undergoing an endovascular procedure for limb salvage. The widespread adoption of endovascular revascularization techniques appears not to have had much impact on this disparity.
Postgraduation employment experiences of new pharmacists in Ontario in 2012–2013
Authors: Gregory Paul , Austin Zubin
Published: July 2014

Background:

A recent shift in the pharmacy workforce away from stable, long-term employment has been reported by students. Few data exist regarding the postgraduation employment experiences of students.

Methods:

An electronic survey exploring postgraduation employment experiences was distributed to 2012–2013 graduates from the Universities of Waterloo and Toronto (including the International Pharmacy Graduate program). Follow-up interviews were undertaken to explore survey findings.

Results:

Three key themes emerged: 1) the rising prevalence of the “survival job” in pharmacy; 2) tension between professional satisfaction and practical considerations; and 3) an employment market characterized by personal networks, not merit.

Discussion:

Fewer students are securing full-time positions with benefits, and more are relying upon temporary, part-time work with multiple employers. Implications of this employment pattern for the ability to form pharmacist-patient relationships and provide pharmaceutical care require further investigation.

Conclusion:

Further exploration of themes identified in this study is required, as is annual study of the experiences of new graduates. Their experiences will shape the future of professional practice and are of interest to academics, educators and practitioners.
In the Balance
Authors: Mican Lisa M. , Schulenberg Samantha
Published: July 2014

Objective: To report the development of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) after donepezil was added to maintenance haloperidol. Case Summary: An East Asian female in her mid-50s with a 25-year history of schizophrenia was prescribed fluvoxamine 150 mg daily, haloperidol decanoate 200 mg intramuscularly every 4 weeks, and benztropine 0.5 mg twice daily. Donepezil 5 mg daily was initiated for the treatment of possible dementia and 2 days later she appeared pale, displayed malaise, reported emesis, but was afebrile. The following day she was notably changed in behavior, withdrawn with a blunted affect. Decreased appetite, hyperthermia (temperatures 99.2-101°F), tachycardia, drooling, and slow, stiff movements with a creatine phosphokinase level of 1413 units/L (normal 26-192 units/L) were noted, and the patient was transferred to a medical hospital for treatment of suspected NMS. Symptoms improved with antipsychotic discontinuation, intravenous fluids, bromocriptine, and dantrolene. Five days after the adverse reaction the creatine phosphokinase significantly improved and she was noted to be more alert and responsive. Discussion: A literature search revealed 9 case reports of cholinesterase inhibitors causing NMS reactions either alone or, more commonly, when used in combination with antipsychotics. In this case, it was probable (Drug Interaction Probability Scale Score 6) the interaction between donepezil and haloperidol decanoate contributed to NMS. Conclusions: Use of cholinesterase inhibitors with antipsychotic medications may create an imbalance in acetylcholine and dopamine, which can precipitate the onset of NMS in susceptible individuals. These agents should be used cautiously in combination with careful monitoring for NMS.
Electroless deposition (ED) of copper coating on micron-sized SiC particles
Authors: Beigi Khosroshahi N. , Azari Khosroshahi R. , Taherzadeh Mousavian R. , Brabazon D.
Published: July 2014

The metallic coating of ceramic particles is a useful technique in order to promote reinforcement bonding with the matrix alloy. The possibility of formation of a uniform electroless deposition (ED) of copper on micron-sized SiC particles was investigated in this study. The effects of ED parameters, SiC particle size and morphology on the coating characteristics, and mechanical bonding (adhesion) at the SiC/copper interface were studied. The results indicated that etching pre-treatment was very effective for improvement of mechanical bonding at the interface. Optimised values of bath temperature and pH were determined as 60°C and 10 respectively. The best results were obtained for SiC particles with a smaller average particle size of 10 μm in comparison with coarser 80 μm sized particles. Some dissolution of the copper coating was noted after stir casting the particles into a semi-solid aluminium matrix.
Duplex Ultrasound investigation of perforating veins
Authors: Mendoza E.
Published: July 2014

Perforansvenen verbinden die oberflächli-chen Beinvenen mit den tiefen Beinvenen. Im Ultraschall sind sie meist nur dann sichtbar, wenn sie pathologisch gedehnt sind. Die Untersuchung der Perforansvenen und ihrer Flusskurven ist eine der größeren Herausforderungen in der Duplexsonographie der Beinvenen. In diesem Beitrag soll schema-tisch und in Bildern gezeigt werden, wie die Flusskurven am häufigsten aussehen. Die meisten an einer Varikose beteiligten Perforansvenen stellen den Wiedereintrittspunkt des Blutes in das tiefe Venensystem dar und sind primär nicht pathologisch gedehnt. Selten ist eine Perforansvene selbst der oberste Insuffizienzpunkt, in der Regel liegen diese Venen dann am Oberschenkel. Auch der Fluss in Perforansvenen bei Insuffizienz des tiefen Venensystems und nach Traumata wird beleuchtet.
Investigating Optimal Foraging Theory in the Laboratory
Authors: Harden Siegfried , Grilliot Matthew E.
Published: July 2014

Optimal foraging theory is a principle that is often presented in the community ecology section of biology textbooks, but also can be demonstrated in the laboratory. We introduce a lab activity that uses an interactive strategy to teach high school and/or college students about this ecological concept. The activity is ideal because it engages students in a hands-on activity that teaches them a fundamental ecological principle; it can be completed in a short class period; and it utilizes a few inexpensive, easy-to-purchase supplies.
Understanding Cellular Respiration in Terms of Matter & Energy within Ecosystems
Authors: White Joshua S. , Maskiewicz April C.
Published: July 2014

Using a design-based research approach, we developed a data-rich problem (DRP) set to improve student understanding of cellular respiration at the ecosystem level. The problem tasks engage students in data analysis to develop biological explanations. Several of the tasks and their implementation are described. Quantitative results suggest that students from the experimental class who participated in the DRP showed significant gains on cellular respiration posttest items, and students from the control class who participated in a non-DRP task showed no significant gains. Qualitative results from interviews and written responses showed that students from the experimental class progressed to deeper “levels of achievement” in cellular respiration. The data-rich tasks promote student understanding of cellular respiration, matter transformation, decomposition, and energy transformation – all goals recommended by the Next Generation Science Standards.
Synthetic biology: the many facets of T7 RNA polymerase
Authors: Shis David L , Bennett Matthew R
Published: July 2014

Split T7 RNA polymerase provides new avenues for creating synthetic gene circuits that are decoupled from host regulatory processes—but how many times can this enzyme be split, yet retain function? New research by Voigt and colleagues (Segall‐Shapiro et al, 2014) indicates that it may be more than you think.
Attitude of family physicians for reporting infectious diseases
Authors: Tóth Csabáné Vraukó Katalin , Vitrai József , Mucsi Gyula , Rurik Imre
Published: July 2014

Introduction: Reporting liability of family physicians/general practitioners is the keystone for proper surveillance of infectious diseases. Aim: The aim of the study was to find out why some of the family physicians neglect to report infectious diseases to the health authorities and determine their motivation and attitude towards the infectious disease reporting system. Method: Self-fill-in questionnaire was used to obtain data. Of the 228 family physicians who were called to participate in the study 116 family physicians sent back evaluable questionnaires. Descriptive statistic method was used to analyze the data and determine the reporting frequencies and ratios. Results: Family physicians reported nearly 50% of all reported cases of infectious diseases. The main reason of underreporting was the lack of knowledge about the rules of the reporting system. According to most family physicians, an online based reporting system would be much more efficient instead of a paper based one. Conclusions: The authors conclude that education of family physicians would be mandatory in order to improve reporting of infectious diseases. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(31), 1228–1235.
Electrical Properties of Quantum Wells in III-NITRIDE Alloys and the Role of Defects
Authors: Cavalcoli Daniela , Minj Albert , Pandey Saurabh , Fraboni Beatrice , Cavallini Anna
Published: July 2014

III-nitrides (III-Ns) semiconductors and their alloys have shown in the last few years high potential for interesting applications in photonics and electronics. III-Ns based heterostructures (HS) have been under wide investigation for different applications such as high frequency transistors, ultraviolet photodetector, light emitters etc. In the present contribution a III-Ns based heterostructure, in particular the nearly lattice matched Al1-xInxN/AlN/GaN HS will be discussed. The formation of the two dimensional electron gas (2DEG), its origin, its electrical and optical properties, the confined subband states in the well and its effect on the conduction mechanisms have been studied. Moreover, extended defects and their effect on the degradation phenomena of the 2DEG have been analyzed.
Anger-Related Dysregulation as a Factor Linking Childhood Physical Abuse and Interparental Violence to Intimate Partner Violence Experiences
Authors: Iverson Katherine M. , McLaughlin Katie A. , Adair Kathryn C. , Monson Candice M.
Published: July 2014

Objective: Childhood family violence exposure is associated with increased risk for experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) in adulthood, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain inadequately understood. Difficulties with emotion regulation may be one factor that helps to explain this relationship. Method: Childhood physical abuse and interparental violence, as well as subsequent IPV experiences, were assessed in a large sample of young adults (N = 670). Several indicators of anger-related dysregulation were also assessed. Structural equation modeling was used to create a latent variable of anger-related dysregulation, which was examined as a potential mediator of the associations between childhood family violence exposure and IPV. Results: Childhood physical abuse and interparental violence were associated with greater physical, sexual, and emotional IPV victimization. Childhood physical abuse and interparental violence were also associated with anger-related dysregulation, which was positively associated with all three types of IPV experiences. Anger-related dysregulation fully mediated the association between witnessing interparental violence and physical IPV. Anger-related dysregulation partially mediated the association between witnessing interparental violence and psychological IPV and the associations of childhood physical abuse with all three forms of IPV. These associations were consistent across gender. Conclusions: Interventions aimed at reducing IPV risk among survivors of childhood family violence may benefit from including techniques to target anger-related emotion regulation skills.
The Association Between Protective Actions and Homicide Risk: Findings From the Oklahoma Lethality Assessment Study
Authors: Messing Jill Theresa , Campbell Jacquelyn C. , Brown Sheryll , Patchell Beverly , Androff David K. , Wilson Janet Sullivan
Published: July 2014

This study focuses on the relationship between women’s risk of homicide as measured by the Danger Assessment and 13 protective actions. Participants (N = 432) experienced an incident of police involved intimate partner violence (IPV) and subsequently completed a structured telephone interview. Most women in this sample experienced severe violence and were classified as being at high risk for homicide. Participants engaged in an average of 3.81 (SD = 2.73) protective actions. With the exception of the use of formal domestic violence services, women in the high-risk category were significantly more likely than women in the lower risk category to have used each of the protective actions examined. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Association Between Plasma Levels of Manganese and Periodontal Status: A Study Based on the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Kim Hyang‐Sun , Park Ji‐A , Na Jun‐Sung , Lee Kyoung‐Hoon , Bae Kwang‐Hak
Published: July 2014

Background: This study aims to evaluate the association between plasma levels of manganese (Mn) and periodontal status in a representative sample of Korean adults.

Methods: Plasma levels of Mn and periodontal status were analyzed in 1,679 participants, all of whom were ≥19 years old. Plasma levels of Mn were divided into four quartiles: first (<1.057 μg/dL), second (1.057 to 1.274 μg/dL), third (1.275 to 1.544 μg/dL), and fourth (>1.544 μg/dL). Periodontal status was assessed using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed after adjusting for sociodemographic variables, oral and general health behavior, oral health status, and systemic conditions. All analyses took into consideration the complex sampling design, and multivariate analyses were performed in the subgroups.

Results: Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed a significant association between plasma levels of Mn and higher CPI in the total sample. There was a moderate association between first‐quartile plasma levels of Mn and higher CPI in males (odds ratio [OR]: 2.13; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25 to 3.63) and current smokers (OR: 2.07; 95% CI 1.04 to 4.11), compared to the fourth quartile.

Conclusion: Periodontal status is significantly associated with plasma levels of Mn in Korean adults, especially in men and smokers.
Generating meshes for tidal wetland modeling using light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data
Authors: Stammermann Ramona , Piasecki Michael
Published: July 2014

A high resolution model mesh was required to numerically simulate sediment transport in tidal marshes. The timing of flooding is dependent on the tidal marsh ground elevation, which requires accurate topographic elevation data. The tidal prism of the marsh is determined by the volume provided by tidal channels in the system. Hence, their location and bathymetry needed to be represented adequately. Due to the high spatial variability and inaccessibility of marshes, remote sensing techniques such as light detection and ranging (LiDAR) are a significant resource for elevation data. LiDAR measures the highest elevation of elements. To determine the bare ground elevation, filter techniques exist but are often inadequate to eliminate elevation errors that are introduced by the vegetation of marshes. We introduce a simple method to remove remaining vertical elevation errors in high resolution digital terrain models (DTMs) of vegetated marshes and present an approach to determine the bathymetry of tidal channels based on a limited number of cross-sectional measurements. Forcing polygons for mesh generation were extracted from the DTMs to assure an accurate spatial representation of the marsh. DTMs (2 × 2 m/1 × 1 m) derived from LiDAR data from the Blackbird Creek Reserve and Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge in Delaware, USA, were used.
Simulation of overflow nappe impingement jets
Authors: Castillo Luis G. , Carrillo José M. , Sordo-Ward Álvaro
Published: July 2014

Rectangular jets constitute one of the energy dissipation methods in the overtopping of dams. The high turbulence and aeration phenomena that appear in falling jets and dissipation basins make it difficult to carry out studies based only on classical methodologies. There are studies modelling spillways with computational fluid dynamics which produces accurate results. However, the study of overflow nappe impingement jets has not been sufficiently examined. Simulations of free air–water overflow weirs are scarce, and require small mesh sizes and a high computational effort. This work seeks to address such simulation. Results obtained with ANSYS CFX are compared with laboratory measurements and empirical formulae. To identify the level of reliability of computed parameters, validation of air entrainment and velocity along free falling jets, thickness and break-up of jets, and pressures on the bottom of the plunge pool, are carried out by using a two-fluid model, turbulence models and mesh-size analysis. Good agreement is obtained with experimental and theoretical data. The results show that air entrainment in the jet is highly sensitive to the mesh size, while the choice of the turbulence model seems to have only a relative effect on the stagnation point.
Public Insurance is Increasingly Crucial to American Families Even as Employer-Sponsored Health Insurance Coverage Ends its Steady Decline
Authors: Gould Elise
Published: July 2014

Americans under age 65 rely on a healthy labor market for almost all facets of economic security. While 2012 marked the first year in more than a decade that the employer-sponsored health insurance (ESI) coverage rate for the under-65 population did not decline, employer-sponsored health insurance continues to fail American families. If the coverage rate had not fallen 10.8 percentage points as it did from 2000 to 2012, as many as 29 million more people under age 65 would have had ESI in 2012. Even with the end of its longstanding decline, ESI coverage rates among men and women, white and non-white, high and low income, white and blue collar, young and old remain far lower than they were in 2000. Over this period, the increase in uninsured Americans was not as steep as the fall in ESI because of increases in public coverage, including Medicaid, the Children's Health Insurance Program, and Medicare. These programs were particularly effective in reducing the share of children uninsured over the 2000s. Additionally, key components in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act shielded young adults from further coverage losses.
The Shale Gas Revolution from the Viewpoint of a Former Industry Insider
Authors: Bamberger Michelle , Oswald Robert
Published: July 2014

This is an interview conducted with an oil and gas worker who was employed in the industry from 1993 to 2012. He requested that his name not be used. From 2008 to 2012, he drilled wells for a major operator in Bradford County, Pennsylvania. Bradford County is the center of the Marcellus shale gas boom in Northeastern Pennsylvania. In 2012, he formed a consulting business to assist clients who need information on the details of gas and oil drilling operations. In this interview, the worker describes the benefits and difficulties of the hard work involved in drilling unconventional gas wells in Pennsylvania. In particular, he outlines the safety procedures that were in place and how they sometimes failed, leading to workplace injuries. He provides a compelling view of the trade-offs between the economic opportunities of working on a rig and the dangers and stresses of working long hours under hazardous conditions.
Understanding Family Member Suicide Narratives by Investigating Family History
Authors: Ratnarajah Dorothy , Maple Myfanwy , Minichiello Victor
Published: July 2014

The complex family environments in which a suicide death had previously occurred were explored in a qualitative study of narratives of suicide-bereaved participants. The participants searched for reasons why the suicide occurred in their family. Family patterning stories and the context of the environment in which the suicide death occurred provided an additional depth of meaning into the relational aspects of the family. Fractured families emerged as an important theme. Shared in the narratives were stories of conditions within the family that may have contributed to vulnerability towards persistent negative feelings about their lives, their family, and their future. The study also identifies the strengths of family culture that led to resilience in the suicide bereaved. These stories highlight the importance of support for those bereaved by the suicide of a close family member and the issues that places people in vulnerable situations that perhaps may explain the increased risk of suicide for those bereaved family members.
Low Concentration of a Dioxin (2, 3, 7, 8 TCDD) Affects the Glycosidases and Acid Phosphatase Activity in Mice Hepatocytes
Authors: Jigyasi Jyoti , Kundu Rahul
Published: July 2014

Present communication reports the effects of environmentally available, low doses of tetra chloro di benzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8 TCDD) to lysosomal enzymes in mice liver. The study tests the hypothesis, in vivo exposure of low dose TCDD provokes dose and duration dependent toxic effects to key lysosomal enzymes and thereby causes cellular apoptotic changes. Three groups of female Swiss albino mice were subjected to two doses of TCDD (0.004 mg/kg bw/d, 0.04 mg/kg bw/d) for 2, 4 and 6 days of exposure durations. The results indicated significant exposure duration dependent effects of TCDD in mice liver cells. The results suggested that TCDD possibly induced an increase in intracellular ions or ROS which in turn altered different physiological activities by affecting different metabolic pathway of the liver cells. The altered functions of key lysosomal enzymes by TCDD may also evoke the process of cellular apoptosis.
Distribution and characteristics of molar-incisor hypomineralization
Authors: Jankovic Svjetlana , Ivanovic Mirjana , Davidovic Bojana , Lecic Jelena
Published: July 2014

Background/Aim. Developmental disorders of teeth are the problems that are
becoming more present in pediatric dentistry, especially on first permanent
molars and incisors. Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is proposed term
for this phenomenon. The aim of this study was to establish the MIH
prevalence in children living in the Foca municipality (Bosnia and
Herzegovina) as well as to assess characteristics and expression of
hypomineralization within the tested population. Methods. A total of 141
children from the Foca municipality, 8 years of age, were included in this
study. Criteria according to Weerhejm have been used for diagnosis of
hypomineralization: demarcated opacity (DO), post-eruptive breakdown (PEB),
atypical restoration (AR), extracted molars due to MIH (E-MIH) and unerupted
tooth (UT). Level and the prominence of color changes have been determined
for patients with DO, PEB and AR. Results. MIH in this area was present in
12.8% of children. The prevalence of MIH changes expressed in percentages was
as follows: DO was at 9.2%, PEB in 3.5%, AR in 5.6%, while E-MIH was 5.6%. A
total of 9.9% of the examinees had mild, 5.6% moderate, and 7.8% severe form
of MIH. White form of MIH defects was found in 9.9% of the examinees,
white-yellow one in 5.6% and yellow-brown color in 3.5% of the examined
children. These changes were more often present in the lower jaw (60.3%). In
total, 6.4% of children had these changes present only on molars, while 6.4%
of them both on molars and incisors simultaneously. Conclusion. A total of
12.8% of the examinees with MIH is not to be disregarded. With timely
diagnosis, prevention and therapy complications could be avoided or
mitigated.
Comprehensive Benchmark Procedures for Commissioning, Quality Assurance and Treatment Delivery for Quality Cancer Therapy Using Co-60 Teletherapy Machine
Authors: Malik Sadiq R , Rahman Motiur , Mia Mohsin , Jobber Abdul , Bairagi Ashish K , Reza Shohel , Ahmed Mushfika , Yeasmin Nilufa
Published: July 2014

No abstract available.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmp.v6i1.19752 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Physics Vol.6 No.1 2013 3-20
Design and Development of a PC based ECG Equipment
Authors: Al-Amin Abdullah , Bodiuzzaman AKM , Khan Ahamad Imtiaz , Rabbani K Siddique-e
Published: July 2014

ECG is very important for diagnosis of cardiac disorders but most ECG equipment come from developed countries with very costly procurement and maintenance. Therefore, unless the technology is developed indigenously, common people in countries like Bangladesh will not get the benefits of modern healthcare technology. With the advent of personal computers (PC) at low cost, a PC based ECG equipment is also worth developing since many people already own a PC, thereby reducing the overall cost. With this view a PC based ECG equipment was designed and developed from the basics. An attempt was made to utilize maximum components and spares available in the local market. The main unit is based on a low cost but quality instrumentation amplifier IC with high common mode rejection ratio. Active filters were designed using common operational amplifier ICs. Right leg drive circuitry to reduce 50Hz noise of mains ac was kept as an option. Analog signal switching circuitry was used to obtain 12 Lead configurations, which were programme controlled, through graphical user interface. To achieve electrical isolation between patient and the mains ac, an analogue optical isolation circuit was designed and developed. Finally the analogue signal was converted to digital data and interfaced to a personal computer through its USB port using a microcontroller. The required power is obtained by USB port 5V supply. A medical grade isolated dc to dc converter was designed to power the patient side circuitry. Proper patient safety issues were followed in the design. Calibration was performed to make the equipment as accurate as possible. Outputs from several subjects were compared with that of reliable commercial equipment and were found to be satisfactory by cardiac experts. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmp.v6i1.19757 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Physics Vol.6 No.1 2013 39-54