bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An interpretable artificial intelligence model based on CT for prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhage: a multicenter study
Authors: Zhang Hao , Yang Yun-Feng , Song Xue-Lin , Hu Hai-Jian , Yang Yuan-Yuan , Zhu Xia , Yang Chao
Published: July 2024

Objectives

To develop and validate a novel interpretable artificial intelligence (AI) model that integrates radiomic features, deep learning features, and imaging features at multiple semantic levels to predict the prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients at 6 months post-onset.

Materials and methods

Retrospectively enrolled 222 patients with ICH for Non-contrast Computed Tomography (NCCT) images and clinical data, who were divided into a training cohort (n = 186, medical center 1) and an external testing cohort (n = 36, medical center 2). Following image preprocessing, the entire hematoma region was segmented by two radiologists as the volume of interest (VOI). Pyradiomics algorithm library was utilized to extract 1762 radiomics features, while a deep convolutional neural network (EfficientnetV2-L) was employed to extract 1000 deep learning features. Additionally, radiologists evaluated imaging features. Based on the three different modalities of features mentioned above, the Random Forest (RF) model was trained, resulting in three models (Radiomics Model, Radiomics-Clinical Model, and DL-Radiomics-Clinical Model). The performance and clinical utility of the models were assessed using the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC), calibration curve, and Decision Curve Analysis (DCA), with AUC compared using the DeLong test. Furthermore, this study employs three methods, Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP), Grad-CAM, and Guided Grad-CAM, to conduct a multidimensional interpretability analysis of model decisions.

Results

The Radiomics-Clinical Model and DL-Radiomics-Clinical Model exhibited relatively good predictive performance, with an AUC of 0.86 [95% Confidence Intervals (CI): 0.71, 0.95; P < 0.01] and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.97; P < 0.01), respectively, in the external testing cohort.

Conclusion

The multimodal explainable AI model proposed in this study can accurately predict the prognosis of ICH. Interpretability methods such as SHAP, Grad-CAM, and Guided Grad-Cam partially address the interpretability limitations of AI models. Integrating multimodal imaging features can effectively improve the performance of the model.

Clinical relevance statement

Predicting the prognosis of patients with ICH is a key objective in emergency care. Accurate and efficient prognostic tools can effectively prevent, manage, and monitor adverse events in ICH patients, maximizing treatment outcomes.
Analyses of eye movement parameters in children with anisometropic amblyopia
Authors: Fan Yunwei , Zuo Huaxin , Chu Ping , Wu Qian , Li Li , Wang Yuan , Cao Wenhong , Zhou Yunyu , Huang Lijuan , Li Ningdong
Published: July 2024

Objective

To investigate the characteristics of eye movement in children with anisometropic amblyopia, and to compare those characteristics with eye movement in a control group.

Methods

31 children in the anisometropic amblyopia group (31 amblyopic eyes in group A, 31 contralateral eyes in group B) and 24 children in the control group (48 eyes in group C). Group A was subdivided into groups Aa (severe amblyopia) and Ab (mild-moderate amblyopia). The overall age range was 6–12 years (mean, 7.83 ± 1.79 years). All children underwent ophthalmic examinations; eye movement parameters including saccade latency and amplitude were evaluated using an Eyelink1000 eye tracker. Data Viewer and MATLAB software were used for data analysis.

Results

Mean and maximum saccade latencies, as well as mean and maximum saccade amplitudes, were significantly greater in group A than in groups B and C before and after treatment (P < 0.05). Mean and maximum saccade latencies were significantly different among groups Aa, Ab, and C (P < 0.05). Pupil trajectories in two detection modes suggested that binocular fixation was better than monocular fixation.

Conclusions

Eye movement parameters significantly differed between contralateral normal eyes and control eyes. Clinical evaluation of children with anisometropic amblyopia should not focus only on static visual acuity, but also on the assessment of eye movement.
Association between 29 food groups of diet quality questionnaire and perceived stress in Chinese adults: a prospective study from China health and nutrition survey
Authors: Zhou Jia , Wang Huan , Pao Christine , Zhou Jingjing , Zou Zhiyong
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Diet plays a fundamental role in promoting resilience against stress-related disorders. We aimed to examine the overall and sex-specific association between food groups and perceived stress in adults.

Methods

We analyzed the prospective data of 7,434 adults who completed both the 2011 and 2015 surveys of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). The Diet Quality Questionnaire (DQQ) was used to code all the food items of 2011 dietary intake into 29 food groups, and perceived stress in 2015 was measured using a 14-item perceived stress scale (PSS-14). Univariate analysis and logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between food groups and perceived stress.

Results

People who perceived a higher level of stress (PSS-14 total score > 25) made up 41.5% and 45.1% of the male and female groups, respectively (χ2 = 9.605, p = 0.002). Individuals with increased intake of food groups such as legumes, other vegetables, other fruits, yogurt, poultry, fish & seafood, fluid milk, and fruit juice were less likely to experience a higher level of psychological stress (OR range: 0.544–0.892, p < 0.05). Additionally, we found sex-specific associations between food groups and perceived stress. The difference in the proportion of food groups, such as fluid milk and fish & seafood, between the two stress groups in men was statistically significant (p < 0.025). In the female group, the distribution of eight food groups, like legumes and nuts & seeds, between the two stress groups was statistically significant (p < 0.025).

Conclusion

This study indicated that food groups were differentially associated with perceived stress.
Psychological distress mediates the association between COVID-19-related discrimination and subsequent PTSD symptom severity in healthcare workers: a two-year follow-up study
Authors: Narita Zui , Okubo Ryo , Sasaki Yohei , Takeda Kazuyoshi , Takao Masaki , Komaki Hirofumi , Oi Hideki , Miyama Takeshi , Kim Yoshiharu
Published: July 2024

Background

Past research has suggested a cross-sectional association between COVID-19-related discrimination and PTSD symptom severity. However, no cohort study has examined the longitudinal association that better supports causal interpretation. Also, even if such an association genuinely exists, the specific pathway remains unclear.

Methods

We conducted a two-year follow-up study, obtaining data from healthcare workers in a hospital setting. We first evaluated how COVID-19-related discrimination in 2021 was associated with subsequent PTSD symptom severity in 2023. Thereafter, we conducted causal mediation analysis to examine how this association was mediated by psychological distress in 2022, accounting for exposure-mediator interaction. Missing data were handled using random forest imputation.

Results

A total of 660 hospital staff were included. The fully adjusted model showed greater PTSD symptom severity in individuals who experienced any COVID-19-related discrimination compared with those without such experiences (β, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.04–0.90). Regarding each type of discrimination, perceived discrimination was associated with greater PTSD symptom severity (β, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.08–0.96), whereas verbal discrimination did not reach statistical significance. Psychological distress mediated 28.1%–38.8% of the observed associations.

Conclusions

COVID-19-related discrimination is associated with subsequent PTSD symptom severity in healthcare workers. Psychological distress may serve as an important mediator, underscoring the potential need for interventions targeting this factor.
Effects and mechanisms of puerarin against neuroblastoma: insights from bioinformatics and in vitro experiments
Authors: Sui Xiaohui , Liu Tingting , Zou Zhiyun , Zhang Baoqing , Zhang Guiju
Published: July 2024

Background

Neuroblastoma, a prevalent solid tumor in children, often manifests with hidden onset sites, rapid growth, and high metastatic potential. The prognosis for children with high-risk neuroblastoma remains poor, highlighting the urgent need for novel prognostic models and therapeutic avenues. In recent years, puerarin, as a kind of small molecule drug extracted from Chinese medicine Pueraria lobata, has demonstrated significant anticancer effects on various cancer cell types. In this study, through bioinformatics analysis and in vitro experiments, the potential and mechanism of puerarin in the treatment of neuroblastoma were investigated, and a prognostic model was established.

Methods

A total of 9 drug-disease related targets were observed by constructing a database of drug targets and disease genes. Besides, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was performed to explore the potential mechanism of its therapeutic effect. To construct the prognostic model, risk regression analysis and LASSO analysis were carried out for validation. Finally, the prognostic genes were identified. Parachute test and immunofluorescence staining were performed to verify the potential mechanism of puerarin in neuroblastoma treatment.

Results

Three prognostic genes, i.e., BIRC5, TIMP2 and CASP9, were identified. In vitro studies verified puerarin's impact on BIRC5, TIMP2, and CASP9 expression, inhibiting proliferation in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Puerarin disrupts the cytoskeleton, boosts gap junctional communication, curtailing invasion and migration, and induces mitochondrial damage in SH-SY5Y cells.

Conclusions

Based on network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis, combined with in vitro experimental verification, puerarin was hereby observed to enhance GJIC in neuroblastoma, destroy cytoskeleton and thus inhibit cell invasion and migration, cause mitochondrial damage of tumor cells, and inhibit cell proliferation. Overall, puerarin, as a natural medicinal compound, does hold potential as a novel therapy for neuroblastoma.
Improve the efficiency and accuracy of ophthalmologists’ clinical decision-making based on AI technology
Authors: Guo Yingxuan , Huang Changke , Sheng Yaying , Zhang Wenjie , Ye Xin , Lian Hengli , Xu Jiahao , Chen Yiqi
Published: July 2024

Background

As global aging intensifies, the prevalence of ocular fundus diseases continues to rise. In China, the tense doctor-patient ratio poses numerous challenges for the early diagnosis and treatment of ocular fundus diseases. To reduce the high risk of missed or misdiagnosed cases, avoid irreversible visual impairment for patients, and ensure good visual prognosis for patients with ocular fundus diseases, it is particularly important to enhance the growth and diagnostic capabilities of junior doctors. This study aims to leverage the value of electronic medical record data to developing a diagnostic intelligent decision support platform. This platform aims to assist junior doctors in diagnosing ocular fundus diseases quickly and accurately, expedite their professional growth, and prevent delays in patient treatment. An empirical evaluation will assess the platform’s effectiveness in enhancing doctors’ diagnostic efficiency and accuracy.

Methods

In this study, eight Chinese Named Entity Recognition (NER) models were compared, and the SoftLexicon-Glove-Word2vec model, achieving a high F1 score of 93.02%, was selected as the optimal recognition tool. This model was then used to extract key information from electronic medical records (EMRs) and generate feature variables based on diagnostic rule templates. Subsequently, an XGBoost algorithm was employed to construct an intelligent decision support platform for diagnosing ocular fundus diseases. The effectiveness of the platform in improving diagnostic efficiency and accuracy was evaluated through a controlled experiment comparing experienced and junior doctors.

Results

The use of the diagnostic intelligent decision support platform resulted in significant improvements in both diagnostic efficiency and accuracy for both experienced and junior doctors (P < 0.05). Notably, the gap in diagnostic speed and precision between junior doctors and experienced doctors narrowed considerably when the platform was used. Although the platform also provided some benefits to experienced doctors, the improvement was less pronounced compared to junior doctors.

Conclusion

The diagnostic intelligent decision support platform established in this study, based on the XGBoost algorithm and NER, effectively enhances the diagnostic efficiency and accuracy of junior doctors in ocular fundus diseases. This has significant implications for optimizing clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Cost-effectiveness of approaches to cervical cancer screening in Malawi: comparison of frequencies, lesion treatment techniques, and risk-stratified approaches
Authors: Rasmussen Petra W. , Hoffman Risa M. , Phiri Sam , Makwaya Amos , Kominski Gerald F. , Bastani Roshan , Moses Agnes , Moucheraud Corrina
Published: July 2024

Background

Recently-updated global guidelines for cervical cancer screening incorporated new technologies—most significantly, the inclusion of HPV DNA detection as a primary screening test—but leave many implementation decisions at countries’ discretion. We sought to develop recommendations for Malawi as a test case since it has the second-highest cervical cancer burden globally and high HIV prevalence. We incorporated updated epidemiologic data, the full range of ablation methods recommended, and a more nuanced representation of how HIV status intersects with cervical cancer risk and exposure to screening to model outcomes of different approaches to screening.

Methods

Using a Markov model, we estimate the relative health outcomes and costs of different approaches to cervical cancer screening among Malawian women. The model was parameterized using published data, and focused on comparing “triage” approaches—i.e., lesion treatment (cryotherapy or thermocoagulation) at differing frequencies and varying by HIV status. Health outcomes were quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and deaths averted. The model was built using TreeAge Pro software.

Results

Thermocoagulation was more cost-effective than cryotherapy at all screening frequencies. Screening women once per decade would avert substantially more deaths than screening only once per lifetime, at relatively little additional cost. Moreover, at this frequency, it would be advisable to ensure that all women who screen positive receive treatment (rather than investing in further increases in screening frequency): for a similar gain in QALYs, it would cost more than four times as much to implement once-per-5 years screening with only 50% of women treated versus once-per-decade screening with 100% of women treated. Stratified screening schedules by HIV status was found to be an optimal approach.

Conclusions

These results add new evidence about cost-effective approaches to cervical cancer screening in low-income countries. At relatively infrequent screening intervals, if resources are limited, it would be more cost-effective to invest in scaling up thermocoagulation for treatment before increasing the recommended screening frequency. In Malawi or countries in a similar stage of the HIV epidemic, a stratified approach that prioritizes more frequent screening for women living with HIV may be more cost-effective than population-wide recommendations that are HIV status neutral.
Hypoxic extracellular vesicles from hiPSCs protect cardiomyocytes from oxidative damage by transferring antioxidant proteins and enhancing Akt/Erk/NRF2 signaling
Authors: Bobis-Wozowicz Sylwia , Paw Milena , Sarna Michał , Kędracka-Krok Sylwia , Nit Kinga , Błażowska Natalia , Dobosz Anna , Hammad Ruba , Cathomen Toni , Zuba-Surma Ewa , Tyszka-Czochara Małgorzata , Madeja Zbigniew
Published: July 2024

Background

Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an emerging class of therapeutics with excellent biocompatibility, bioactivity and pro-regenerative capacity. One of the potential targets for EV-based medicines are cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In this work we used EVs derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs; hiPS-EVs) cultured under different oxygen concentrations (21, 5 and 3% O2) to dissect the molecular mechanisms responsible for cardioprotection.

Methods

EVs were isolated by ultrafiltration combined with size exclusion chromatography (UF + SEC), followed by characterization by nanoparticle tracking analysis, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Western blot methods. Liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry coupled with bioinformatic analyses were used to identify differentially enriched proteins in various oxygen conditions. We directly compared the cardioprotective effects of these EVs in an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model of cardiomyocyte (CM) injury. Using advanced molecular biology, fluorescence microscopy, atomic force spectroscopy and bioinformatics techniques, we investigated intracellular signaling pathways involved in the regulation of cell survival, apoptosis and antioxidant response. The direct effect of EVs on NRF2-regulated signaling was evaluated in CMs following NRF2 inhibition with ML385.

Results

We demonstrate that hiPS-EVs derived from physiological hypoxia at 5% O2 (EV-H5) exert enhanced cytoprotective function towards damaged CMs compared to EVs derived from other tested oxygen conditions (normoxia; EV-N and hypoxia 3% O2; EV-H3). This resulted from higher phosphorylation rates of Akt kinase in the recipient cells after transfer, modulation of AMPK activity and reduced apoptosis. Furthermore, we provide direct evidence for improved calcium signaling and sustained contractility in CMs treated with EV-H5 using AFM measurements. Mechanistically, our mass spectrometry and bioinformatics analyses revealed differentially enriched proteins in EV-H5 associated with the antioxidant pathway regulated by NRF2. In this regard, EV-H5 increased the nuclear translocation of NRF2 protein and enhanced its transcription in CMs upon OGD/R. In contrast, inhibition of NRF2 with ML385 abolished the protective effect of EVs on CMs.

Conclusions

In this work, we demonstrate a superior cardioprotective function of EV-H5 compared to EV-N and EV-H3. Such EVs were most effective in restoring redox balance in stressed CMs, preserving their contractile function and preventing cell death. Our data support the potential use of hiPS-EVs derived from physiological hypoxia, as cell-free therapeutics with regenerative properties for the treatment of cardiac diseases.
Novel drug resistance mechanisms and drug targets in BRAF-mutated peritoneal metastasis from colorectal cancer
Authors: Lund-Andersen Christin , Torgunrud Annette , Kanduri Chakravarthi , Dagenborg Vegar J. , Frøysnes Ida S. , Larsen Mette M. , Davidson Ben , Larsen Stein G. , Flatmark Kjersti
Published: July 2024

Background

Patients with peritoneal metastasis from colorectal cancer (PM-CRC) have inferior prognosis and respond particularly poorly to chemotherapy. This study aims to identify the molecular explanation for the observed clinical behavior and suggest novel treatment strategies in PM-CRC.

Methods

Tumor samples (230) from a Norwegian national cohort undergoing surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) with mitomycin C (MMC) for PM-CRC were subjected to targeted DNA sequencing, and associations with clinical data were analyzed. mRNA sequencing was conducted on a subset of 30 samples to compare gene expression in tumors harboring BRAF or KRAS mutations and wild-type tumors.

Results

BRAF mutations were detected in 27% of the patients, and the BRAF-mutated subgroup had inferior overall survival compared to wild-type cases (median 16 vs 36 months, respectively, p < 0.001). BRAF mutations were associated with RNF43/RSPO aberrations and low expression of negative Wnt regulators (ligand-dependent Wnt activation). Furthermore, BRAF mutations were associated with gene expression changes in transport solute carrier proteins (specifically SLC7A6) and drug metabolism enzymes (CES1 and CYP3A4) that could influence the efficacy of MMC and irinotecan, respectively. BRAF-mutated tumors additionally exhibited increased expression of members of the novel butyrophilin subfamily of immune checkpoint molecules (BTN1A1 and BTNL9).

Conclusions

BRAF mutations were frequently detected and were associated with particularly poor survival in this cohort, possibly related to ligand-dependent Wnt activation and altered drug transport and metabolism that could confer resistance to MMC and irinotecan. Drugs that target ligand-dependent Wnt activation or the BTN immune checkpoints could represent two novel therapy approaches.
Terrestrial laser scanning and low magnetic field digitization yield similar architectural coarse root traits for 32-year-old Pinus ponderosa trees
Authors: Montagnoli Antonio , Hudak Andrew T. , Raumonen Pasi , Lasserre Bruno , Terzaghi Mattia , Silva Carlos A. , Bright Benjamin C. , Vierling Lee A. , de Vasconcellos Bruna N. , Chiatante Donato , Dumroese R. Kasten
Published: July 2024

Background

Understanding how trees develop their root systems is crucial for the comprehension of how wildland and urban forest ecosystems plastically respond to disturbances such as harvest, fire, and climate change. The interplay between the endogenously determined root traits and the response to environmental stimuli results in tree adaptations to biotic and abiotic factors, influencing stability, carbon allocation, and nutrient uptake. Combining the three-dimensional structure of the root system, with root morphological trait information promotes a robust understanding of root function and adaptation plasticity. Low Magnetic Field Digitization coupled with AMAPmod (botAnique et Modelisation de l’Architecture des Plantes) software has been the best-performing method for describing root system architecture and providing reliable measurements of coarse root traits, but the pace and scale of data collection remain difficult. Instrumentation and applications related to Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) have advanced appreciably, and when coupled with Quantitative Structure Models (QSM), have shown some potential toward robust measurements of tree root systems. Here we compare, we believe for the first time, these two methodologies by analyzing the root system of 32-year-old Pinus ponderosa trees.

Results

In general, at the total root system level and by root-order class, both methods yielded comparable values for the root traits volume, length, and number. QSM for each root trait was highly sensitive to the root size (i.e., input parameter PatchDiam) and models were optimized when discrete PatchDiam ranges were specified for each trait. When examining roots in the four cardinal direction sectors, we observed differences between methodologies for length and number depending on root order but not volume.

Conclusions

We believe that TLS and QSM could facilitate rapid data collection, perhaps in situ, while providing quantitative accuracy, especially at the total root system level. If more detailed measures of root system architecture are desired, a TLS method would benefit from additional scans at differing perspectives, avoiding gravitational displacement to the extent possible, while subsampling roots by hand to calibrate and validate QSM models. Despite some unresolved logistical challenges, our results suggest that future use of TLS may hold promise for quantifying tree root system architecture in a rapid, replicable manner.
A new diagnostic technique for identifying Angiostrongylus spp. larvae in intermediate snail species by examining the buccal cavity
Authors: Zhao Yong-bo , Jiang Ling , Fang Wen , Chen Shao-rong , Liu Yu-hua , Zhao Shen-hua , Andrus Peter S. , Li Tian-mei , Guo Yun-hai
Published: July 2024

Background

Angiostrongyliasis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the rat lungworm Angiostrongylus cantonensis. The intermediate hosts of A. cantonensis are gastropods, and snail species such as Pomacea canaliculata play a key role in the transmission of human angiostrongyliasis. Detecting A. cantonensis infection in snails is an important component of epidemiological surveillance and the control of angiostrongyliasis.

Methods

In this study, a new method for diagnosing A. cantonensis infection in gastropods was developed by recovering larvae from the buccal cavity of three snail species. The entire buccal cavity of a snail was extracted, and the tissue was pressed between two microscope slides to observe whether A. cantonensis larvae were present. Our new method was compared with traditional pathogenic detection methods of lung microscopy, tissue homogenization, and artificial digestion. We artificially infected 160 P. canaliculata, 160 Cipangopaludina chinensis, and 160 Bellamya aeruginosa snails with A. cantonensis. Then, the four different detection methods were used to diagnose infection in each snail species at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days post exposure.

Results

We found no significant difference in the percentages of infected P. canaliculata snails using the four methods to detect A. cantonensis larvae. The radula pressing method had a mean detection rate of 80%, while the lung microscopy (81.3%), tissue homogenization (83.8%), and artificial digestion (85%) methods had slightly greater detection rates. Similarly, the percentages of infected C. chinensis snails that were detected using the radula pressing (80%), tissue homogenization (82.1%), and artificial digestion (83.8%) methods were not significantly different. Finally, the percentages of infected B. aeruginosa snails that were detected using the radula pressing (81.3%), tissue homogenization (81.9%), and artificial digestion (81.4%) methods were not significantly different. These results showed that the radula pressing method had a similar detection rate to traditional lung microscopy, tissue homogenization, or artificial digestion methods.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates a new method for the qualitative screening of gastropods that act as intermediate hosts of A. cantonensis (and other Angiostrongylus species), provides technical support for the control of human angiostrongyliasis, and furthers research on A. cantonensis.

Graphical Abstract
Association between bone turnover markers, bone mineral density, and serum osteoglycine in middle-aged men with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Mostafa Salma Mohamed , Elebrashy Ibrahim , Haddad Hemmat El , Shaker Olfat , Razek Naglaa Abdel , Fayed Ahmed
Published: July 2024

Background

Patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have decreased bone health. We aimed to investigate serum levels of bone turnover markers (BTMs) (markers of bone formation and bone resorption) and bone mineral density (BMD) at three sites (lumber, neck femur, and total femur) in middle-aged men with type 2 diabetes and to analyze the relationship between them. Also to evaluate serum osteoglycin as a novel marker and its relation to BTMs, BMD, and diabetic status.

Methods

We recruited seventy-eight patients with T2DM and thirteen non-diabetic, male volunteers as a control group. BMD was measured using a DEXA scan. BTMs (carboxy-terminal crosslinking telopeptide of type 1 collagen [CTX] and procollagen type 1 N propeptide [P1NP]), osteoglycin, PTH, and vitamin D were estimated. Data was compared among subjects and statistical analysis was performed.

Results

Most of the patients were having normal BMD with no significant difference between patients and the controls. BTMs and osteoglycin were significantly higher and vitamin D was significantly lower in the diabetic patients. Serum osteoglycin was positively correlated with DEXA Neck Femur (r = 0.233; p-value < 0.05).

Conclusion

Body mass index and Serum osteoglycin have a significant positive effect on BMD. Both markers of bone formation and bone resorption were increased indicating a state of increased bone turnover in T2DM.
Bacteriological quality and physicochemical analysis of the Kalte River at Wolaita Sodo Town, southern Ethiopia
Authors: Sivalingam Krishna Moorthy , Choramo Israel Solomon , Chutulo Eyob Chukalo
Published: July 2024

Objective

The current research aimed to investigate the physicochemical and bacteriological quality status of the Kalte River in Wolaita Sodo Town, southern Ethiopia.

Methods

A total of 42 water samples were collected using sterile glass bottles from three different river sites: Damota (upstream), Kera (midstream), and Gututo (downstream). All the water samples were examined for the presence of heterotrophic bacteria, total coliform and fecal coliform using direct plate count method and membrane filtration method. Standard methods suggested by American water works association were used to analysis the physicochemical parameters of the water samples.

Results

The results revealed that the total heterotrophic bacteria, total coliform, and fecal coliform count ranged from 8.9 to 12.6 × 104 cfu/ml, 7.5–11.3 × 102 cfu/ml and 5.7–9.7 × 104 cfu/ml, respectively. The bacterial count results indicated that the river water crossed the WHO-recommended limit of potable water. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, and Shigella species were the common bacterial pathogens isolated from river water samples. The results of the physicochemical analysis revealed that some of the parameters Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and turbidity exceeded the maximum permissible limits of WHO and other parameters were below the WHO permissible limits.

Conclusion

Therefore, the presence of bacterial pathogens, fecal coliform indicators, and some physicochemical parameters of the Kalte River exceeding the recommended limits may expose users of the river water to the risk of infection.
Visfatin (NAMPT) affects global gene expression in porcine anterior pituitary cells during the mid-luteal phase of the oestrous cycle
Authors: Dobrzyn Kamil , Kopij Grzegorz , Kiezun Marta , Zaobidna Ewa , Gudelska Marlena , Zarzecka Barbara , Paukszto Lukasz , Rak Agnieszka , Smolinska Nina , Kaminski Tadeusz
Published: July 2024

Background

The pituitary belongs to the most important endocrine glands involved in regulating reproductive functions. The proper functioning of this gland ensures the undisturbed course of the oestrous cycle and affects the female’s reproductive potential. It is believed that visfatin, a hormone belonging to the adipokine family, may regulate reproductive functions in response to the female’s metabolic state. Herein we verified the hypothesis that suggests a modulatory effect of visfatin on the anterior pituitary transcriptome during the mid-luteal phase of the oestrous cycle.

Results

RNA-seq analysis of the porcine anterior pituitary cells revealed changes in the expression of 202 genes (95 up-regulated and 107 down-regulated in the presence of visfatin, when compared to the non-treated controls), assigned to 318 gene ontology terms. We revealed changes in the frequency of alternative splicing events (235 cases), as well as long noncoding RNA expression (79 cases) in the presence of the adipokine. The identified genes were associated, among others, with reproductive system development, epithelial cell proliferation, positive regulation of cell development, gland morphogenesis and cell chemotaxis.

Conclusions

The obtained results indicate a modulatory influence of visfatin on the regulation of the porcine transcriptome and, in consequence, pituitary physiology during the mid-luteal phase of the oestrous cycle.
Secondary carnitine deficiency during refeeding in severely malnourished patients with eating disorders: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Imaeda Miho , Tanaka Satoshi , Oya-Ito Tomoko , Uematsu Mariko , Fujigaki Hidetsugu , Saito Kuniaki , Ando Masahiko , Ozaki Norio
Published: July 2024

Background

Secondary carnitine deficiency in patients with anorexia nervosa has been rarely reported. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of carnitine deficiency in severely malnourished patients with eating disorders during refeeding and assess its potential adverse effects on treatment outcomes.

Method

In a cohort study of 56 female inpatients with eating disorders at a single hospital from March 2010 to December 2020, we measured plasma free carnitine (FC) levels and compared to those of a healthy control group (n = 35). The patients were categorized into three groups based on FC levels: FC deficiency (FC< 20 µmol/L), FC pre-deficiency (20 µmol/L ≤ FC< 36 µmol/L), and FC normal (36 µmol/L ≤ FC).

Results

Upon admission, the patients had a median age of 26 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 21–35) and a median body mass index (BMI) of 13.8 kg/m2 (IQR: 12.8–14.8). Carnitine deficiency or pre-deficiency was identified in 57% of the patients. Hypocarnitinemia was associated with a decline in hemoglobin levels during refeeding (odds ratio [OR]: 0.445; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.214–0.926, p = 0.03), BMI at admission (OR: 0.478; 95% CI: 0.217–0.874, p = 0.014), and moderate or greater hepatic impairment at admission (OR: 6.385; 95% CI: 1.170–40.833, p = 0.032).

Conclusions

Hypocarnitinemia, particularly in cases of severe undernutrition (BMI< 13 kg/m2 at admission) was observed in severely malnourished patients with eating disorders during refeeding, a critical metabolic transition phase. Moderate or severe hepatic impairment at admission was considered a potential indicator of hypocarnitinemia. Although hypocarnitinemia was not associated with any apparent adverse events other than anemia during refeeding, the possibility that carnitine deficiency may be a risk factor for more serious complications during sudden increases in energy requirements associated with changes in physical status cannot be denied. Further research on the clinical significance of hypocarnitinemia in severely malnourished patients with eating disorders is warranted.
Maternal insecure attachment representation as a long-term risk factor for disrupted mother–child-interaction and child mental health
Authors: Rost Katharina , Ziegenhain Ute , Fegert Jörg M. , Buchheim Anna , Köhler-Dauner Franziska
Published: July 2024

Maternal childhood maltreatment (CM) represents an important factor in the transmission of trauma that may lead to impaired child mental health. Apart from childhood maltreatment insecure attachment has been identified as a risk factor for insensitive caregiving behavior, which may affect child's mental health. The aim of this study is to identify the working mechanisms in the relationship between maternal CM and child mental health, considering maternal attachment representation, mother–child-interaction und maternal helplessness and fear. N = 103 mother–child-dyads from a longitudinal cohort study were examined at four different measuring points. Data was assessed using self and external report questionnaires as well as the AMBIANCE scales during the Strange Situation Procedure and the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System (AAP). Maternal CM experience did not predict an insecure attachment representation (OR = 2.46 [0.98, 6.53], p = .060). Maternal insecure attachment was associated with higher AMBIANCE scores (F(8, 94) = 11.46, p < .001), which indicates more disrupted communication between mother and child. AMBIANCE scores in turn predicted higher self-perceived helplessness (F(9, 93) = 8.62, p < .001) and fear (F(9, 93) = 7.40, p < .001) in mothers. Helplessness and fear both were associated with higher SDQ-scores, indicating more mental health problems in children (F(10, 92) = 3.98, p < .001; F(10, 92) = 3.87, p < .001). The results of this study highlight how even insecure attachment in a low-risk sample has a long-term impact on parenting behavior and child mental health, therefore underlining the need of early intervention programs in affected and at-risk families.
Assessment of visual quality and social perception of cultural landscapes: application to Anyi traditional villages, China
Authors: Kang Ning , Liu Chunqing
Published: July 2024

The assessment of landscape visual quality (LVQ) holds significant importance in the preservation and advancement of traditional villages. One challenge in measuring human perception lies in establishing a connection between public preferences and landscape characteristics. This study conducted an analysis of social media data from Anyi traditional villages in China to address this issue and identified eight human perceptions: naturalness, ancientness, colorfulness, variety, uniqueness, ingenuity, vividness, and pleasantness. A total of thirty characteristic indicators with potential explanations for LVQ were determined by research group through field investigations. A questionnaire survey was developed to assess human’s preferences using 82 traditional village photos, and scores for the eight perceptions were obtained. The logistic regression was employed to establish distinct perception models, with perceptions serving as the dependent variables and characteristic indicators as the independent variables. Nomograms were subsequently utilized to visualize regression results and display the correlation between these two factors. The findings suggest that nomograms facilitate intuitive determination of the weights assigned to characteristic indicators in perceptual models, as well as their influence on LVQ. This work provides a reference for decision-making related to the adaptive protection and development of traditional villages, thereby helping to enhance the competitiveness of tourist destinations.
Microblasting with vegetable and cellulosic media for heritage wood cleaning: effects on surface morphology
Authors: Iglesias-Campos Manuel Ángel , Pitarch Martí Africa , Nualart-Torroja Anna , Bautista-Morenilla Iris
Published: July 2024

In this research, microblasting with powdered vegetable particles (almond and hazelnut husks, cork saw dust and rice husks) and cellulosic fibres was used to analyse their usefulness for cleaning unpainted wooden cultural heritage and their effects on surface morphology. Tests were made on mock-ups of old pine wood from wooden boards with original soiling. Before cleaning powdered particles were characterised by SEM–EDS to analyse their morphology and elemental composition. Wood surfaces were analysed before and after cleaning by means of digital microscope (white and UV light) and SEM–EDS to evaluate cleaning effectiveness, assess effects on the wood surface, and determine eventual soiling and powdered particles larger than 1 µm that might remain in the surface after the procedure. Results indicate that microblasting with powdered vegetable and cellulosic media is a useful and safe technique to remove soiling from wood, including micrometric particles embedded in its texture, with negligible surface changes. Furthermore, residues left after the cleaning procedure are very scarce and chemically compatible with the substrate because they are mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, the main components of wood.
Gender differences in literacy in PIAAC: do assessment features matter?
Authors: Miyamoto Ai , Gauly Britta , Zabal Anouk
Published: July 2024

Background

Previous research based on large-scale studies consistently suggests that on average, male students tend to have lower literacy compared to their female students during secondary schooling. However, this gender gap in literacy seems to “disappear” during adulthood. Up until today, only a few studies investigated the role of assessment features in gender differences in literacy performance in adulthood. This study aims to understand the relationship between assessment features and gender differences in literacy skills.

Methods

Using the German 2012 PIAAC data (N = 4,512), we applied item-level analyses using linear probability models to examine gender differences in the probability of solving a literacy item correctly with six assessment features including (1) text format, (2) text topics, (3) text length, (4) cognitive strategies, (5) numerical content of the text/questions, and (6) gender typicality of content.

Results

We found that men had a 13.4% higher probability of solving items with a noncontinuous text format correctly than women. Men also had a 9.4% higher probability of solving short text items correctly and a 4.6% higher probability of solving items with a medium/high numerical content in the question correctly than women. There were small to negligible gender differences in literacy performance in terms of text topics, cognitive strategies, and gender typicality of content.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the role of text format, text length, and numerical content in gender differences in literacy skills, suggesting that further refining these practices can enhance the fairness and accuracy of literacy assessments. Specifically, we advocate for ongoing research aimed at understanding and minimizing the potential bias introduced by these assessment features. Such efforts are not only crucial for developing instruments that accurately measure literacy skills, but they also yield insights that hold significant implications for educational researchers and practitioners dedicated to creating more equitable assessment environments.
Intact NMR Approach Quickly Reveals Synchronized Microstructural Changes in Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsion Formulations
Authors: Wang Deyun , Li Jiayi , Chen Kang
Published: July 2024

A soft-core oil-in-water (o/w) nanoemulsion (NE) is composed of nanometer (nm) sized oil droplets, stabilized by a surfactant layer and dispersed in a continuous bulky water phase. Characterization of the o/w NE molecule arrangements non-invasively, particularly the drug phase distribution (DPD) and its correlation to oil globule size (OGS), remains a challenge. Here we demonstrated the analytical methods of intact 19F Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and 1H diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) NMR for their specificity in measuring DPD and OGS, respectively, on three NE formulations containing the active ingredient difluprednate (DFPN) at the same concentration. The results illustrated synchronized molecular rearrangement reflected in the DPD and OGS upon alterations in formulation. Addition of surfactant resulted in a higher DPD in the surfactant layer, and concomitantly smaller OGS. Mechanic perturbation converted most of the NE globules to the smaller thermodynamically stable microemulsion (ME) globules, changing both DPD and OGS to ME phase. These microstructure changes were not observed using 1D 1H NMR; and dynamic light scattering (DLS) was only sensitive to OGS of ME globule in mechanically perturbed formulation. Collectively, the study illustrated the specificity and essential role of intact NMR methods in measuring the critical microstructure attributes of soft-core NE systems quickly, accurately, and non-invasively. Therefore, the selected NMR approach can be a unique diagnostic tool of molecular microstructure or Q3 property in o/w NE formulation development, and quality assurance after manufacture process or excipient component changes.

Graphical abstract
Mosty zamiast barier: Literaturoznawstwo a psychologia – o relacjach i współzależnościach
Authors: Całek Anita
Published: July 2024

BRIDGES INSTEAD OF BARRIERS: LITERARY STUDIES AND PSYCHOLOGY – ABOUT REATIONS AND INTERDEPENDENCIES The relationship between psychology and the study of literature seems paradoxical. On the one hand, these fields do not have much in common, neither in terms of the subject of research, nor in terms of methodological or theoretical aspects. They have separate discourses, deeply rooted in the traditions of their own disciplines and obtaining their scientific validation there. On the other hand, it is difficult not to notice common research interests, especially in the field of creativity, biographical research or literary texts themselves, which are taken up by both literary scholars and psychologists, although they do it less often. The search for a universal language of the humanities in the 20th century ended in failure and the final separation of sciences, and then – further specialisation, which today makes communication and cooperation between disciplines difficult. At the core of this monograph is the idea to build bridges to facilitate understanding and implementation of specific research projects. Therefore, it is not about understanding in general, but about seeking cooperation and coexistence around specific problems that are worth analysing together, and not separately. This is the basic message of the book: bridges are better than barriers because they allow us to jump over the walls that separate particular fields from each other and look for understanding, the foundations of which are relationships based on mutual respect, empathy and partnership cooperation. The whole book consists of sixteen chapters, quite diverse, although connected by common threads, gathered around four overarching ideas, important in terms of interdisciplinarity, which are: relationships, biography, creator and literature. In these areas, it was possible to build a space for coexistence and cooperation between literary studies and psychology in theory and in the process of interpretation (the fourth chapter of each part is devoted to practical testing of the possibilities of such cooperation in relation to a specific research challenge).
Impact of global climate change on mammals
Authors: Rioja-Paradela Tamara Mila , Torres-Olave María Elena , Carrillo-Reyes Arturo
Published: July 2024

El cambio climático global, marcado por fluctuaciones de temperatura y cambios en la precipitación, representa graves amenazas para la biodiversidad mundial, especialmente para los mamíferos.  A medida que las temperaturas aumentan, la idoneidad de los hábitats se modifica, provocando cambios en el rango de distribución de los mamíferos, particularmente en especies con distribuciones limitadas.  El cambio climático impacta no solo en la distribución de las especies, sino también en sus procesos reproductivos.  Por ejemplo, las temperaturas alteradas pueden causar cambios en el momento de reproducción de los mamíferos, lo que potencialmente afecta el éxito reproductivo debido a desajustes en la disponibilidad de recursos.  Además, el cambio climático influye en el comportamiento de los mamíferos, como la búsqueda de alimento y la migración, e incluso puede afectar la distribución de vectores de enfermedades.  Los cambios en el hábitat debido a variables climáticas pueden resultar en la pérdida de hábitat, fragmentación y cambios en la idoneidad.  Investigaciones recientes han arrojado luz sobre la relación intrincada entre el cambio climático y la biología de los mamíferos, pero aún quedan muchas preguntas sin respuesta.  Los estudios futuros deberían centrarse en especies menos conocidas, la adaptación potencial y los efectos combinados de múltiples variables climáticas.  La investigación a largo plazo es vital para comprender los impactos continuos del cambio climático y predecir tendencias futuras.