bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential translation of mRNA isoforms underlies oncogenic activation of cell cycle kinase Aurora A
Authors: Cacioppo Roberta , Akman H. Begum , Tuncer Taner , Erson-Bensan A. Elif , Lindon Catherine
Published: May 2023

Aurora Kinase A (AURKA) is an oncogenic kinase with major roles in mitosis, but also exerts cell cycle- and kinase-independent functions linked to cancer. Therefore control of its expression, as well as its activity, is crucial. A short and a long 3’UTR isoform exist for AURKA mRNA, resulting from alternative polyadenylation (APA). We initially observed that in Triple Negative Breast Cancer, where AURKA is typically overexpressed, the short isoform is predominant and this correlates with faster relapse times of patients. The short isoform is characterized by higher translational efficiency since translation and decay rate of the long isoform are targeted by
hsa-let-7a
tumor-suppressor miRNA. Additionally,
hsa-let-7a
regulates the cell cycle periodicity of translation of the long isoform, whereas the short isoform is translated highly and constantly throughout interphase. Finally, disrupted production of the long isoform led to an increase in proliferation and migration rates of cells. In sum, we uncovered a new mechanism dependent on the cooperation between APA and miRNA targeting likely to be a route of oncogenic activation of human AURKA.
A study on demagnetization heat treatment of waste neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) magnets by using computer simulation
Authors: Kim ByeongJun , Lee Yongkeun , Kim YoungSung
Published: May 2023

In this study, demagnetization heat treatment at 100 ∼400 °C is studied by using computer simulation to secure the optimal demagnetization heat treatment conditions for waste neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) permanent magnets. From the computer simulation, the temperature of the magnet during heat treatment is higher than the set temperature by up to 6 °C. Delay time occurs when the furnace internal temperature and magnet temperature reached the set temperature. A delay time of 15 minutes in an air atmosphere and 10 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere occurs. The Nd magnet was completely demagnetized at 300 °C as the magnetic flux decreased when the heat treatment temperature increased up to 250 °C. The fully demagnetized magnet could be magnetized to the level of a new magnet. It was confirmed that NdFeB magnets heat treated up to 350 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere can be reusable due to stable demagnetization being possible without surface change.
El discernimiento vocacional según Karl Rahner
Authors: Rojas Hernán
Published: May 2023

Este artículo presenta la comprensión del discernimiento vocacional de Karl Rahner. Reconociendo el problema en la eclesiología, la teología moral y la espiritualidad, su punto de partida fueron los Ejercicios Espirituales de san Ignacio. Rahner comprende el discernimiento como un “experimento de la consolación”, por el cual se reconoce la congruencia entre la orientación personal fundamental hacia Dios y una determinada decisión. La crítica principal a esta comprensión apunta a la aparente ausencia de Jesucristo, pero puede ser contrarrestada al considerar el carácter crístico de la antropología y teología de la gracia rahnerianas.
ANALYTICAL STUDY OF BILWADI YOGA OINTMENT: AN AYURVEDIC FORMULATION
Authors: Sharma Gunjan , Verma Kanchana , Kumar Arun
Published: May 2023

Our ancient seers have given prime importance to the eye by considering it the most vital sense organ among all sense organs. It says Sarvendriyanam nayanam pradhanam. Ocular diseases are the most common condition found in a day-to-day life. Vataja Abhishyanda, explained by our Acharya 5000 years, is much more significant today. According to Acharya Sushruta, Abhishyanda is the leading cause of all eye diseases and is also one of the aupsargic roga. It is one among the sarvagata roga. Bilwadi yoga combines herbal and mineral topical formulations mentioned in Ayurvedic classics. The formulation is helpful in itching, watering, and burning sensation in eyes, like ocular disorders. Material and Method: To make the drug application more convenient, the present study has been undertaken to modify Bilwadi yoga into ointment form and develop the final product's physiochemical profile. This form was designed in two steps: preparation of ghana satva from the decoction of herbal drugs and mixing the powdered medication with bee wax to attain the final product. Pharmaceutical analysis of Bilwadi yoga ointment preparation was done according to API and protocol of drug testing of PLIM. Result and Discussion: The formulation is safe for use as heavy metals were below the acceptable limit and free from pathogenic microbes. Conclusion: Bilwadi yoga ointment was prepared following the method described in Sharangdhara Samhita. This paper presents the analytical study of the formulation.
ANALYTICAL STUDY OF KESHANJANA: AN AYURVEDIC FORMULATION
Authors: Sharma Gunjan , . Barkha , Rani Priyanka , Yadav Yadevendra
Published: May 2023

Background: Shushkakshipaka (dry eye syndrome) is a sarvagata netraroga (affects all parts of the eye) mentioned by Acharya Sushruta and Acharya Vagbhata. In managing various netraroga, kriyakalpa (therapeutic procedures) plays an important role. Among the netrakriyakalpa, anjana (collyrium) is one of the procedures mentioned by our acharyas. It was extensively and frequently used in ancient times by acharyas, and it had tremendous importance in healthy people and ophthalmic patients. Keshanjana is the drug mentioned in Vagbhata Samhita, and it was prepared by the method described in the Ayurvedic text. Keshanjana is made by using Keshamasee (ash of human scalp hair) and goghrita (cow’s ghee), which are mixed in a ratio of 1:4. Keshanjana is indicated for the treatment of Shushkakshipaka in the classical literature of Ayurveda; hence, Present study has been undertaken to develop the analytical profile of Keshanjana according to API and protocol of drug testing of PLIM. Materials and Methods: The Keshanjana was subjected to an organoleptic study, physicochemical evaluation, antimicrobial study and heavy metal analysis. Results: Keshanjana is safe for use as heavy metals were below the acceptable limit and free from pathogenic microbes. Conclusion: This paper presents the analytical study of Keshanjana, which was prepared by following the method mentioned in Vagbhata Samhita.
Effect of Processing on the Chemical Composition and Phytochemical Properties of Lentinus squarrosulus Mushroom Flour
Authors: Omowaye-Taiwo O. A. , Oluwamukomi M. O. , Bolade M. K.
Published: May 2023

Aims: To assessing the effect of boiling and fermentation on Proximate, mineral, dietary fibre and phytochemical compositions of the raw and processed Lentinus squarrosulus mushroom.

Study Design: The mushroom was cultivated, processed into boiled and fermented flour and then analysed.

Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Food Science and Technology, the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State and Department of Food Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado Ekiti, between February 2020 and March 2022.

Methodology: Lentinus squarrosulus spawn was obtained and grown into edible mushroom. The mushroom was divided into three, two portions were processed into boiled and fermented mushroom and the third one was used as control. The three samples were analysed for proximate, mineral, dietary fibre and phytochemical compositions.

Results: The proximate composition revealed that moisture content ranged between 10.78-11.66%, ash 5.58-6.11%, fat 3.93-5.10%, crude fibre 6.79-7.29%, protein 16.88-20.53%, carbohydrate 51.24-53.88% and the energy value 321.41-330.15 kcal/100 g. Fermentation helped to improve the protein content of the sample. Mineral composition revealed that the samples were significantly different (p<0.05). Fermented sample had higher value in sodium, phosphorus, magnesium and iron, boiled sample was high in calcium and selenium while raw mushroom was high in manganese and zinc. Boiled sample has the least soluble fibre but high in insoluble fibre, this may be as a result of the soluble fibre being dissolved in water during boiling, but fermentation improved the soluble fibre content. The phytochemical composition revealed that fermentation improved the saponin and cardiac glycoside, boiling improved the terpenoid and cardiac glycoside while phlobatannin was only present in a small quantity in raw sample.

Conclusion: Fermentation and boiling process helped to improve some nutrients in the processed mushroom flour and they can be used as food supplements.
Risk Factors of avascular Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head in Children at the National Reference Center for Sickle Cell Disease in Brazzaville, Congo
Authors: Atipo-Tsiba F. O. Galiba , Bilongo-Bouyou A. , Bango J. C. , Samba J. A. Elira , Gatsongui B. M. , Malanda F. , Ngolet L. O. , Dokekias A. Elira
Published: May 2023

Introduction: The avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head (AOFH) is a common complication of sickle cell disease (SCD). It exposes to lameness and sometimes to a very debilitating handicap. It is a source of desocialization, particularly in developing countries where prosthetic surgery remains inaccessible to the majority. This survey aimed to identify the risk of occurence AOFH.

Materials and Methods: It was a case-control study carried between october 2017 and september 2021 at the National Reference Center for SCD « Antoinette Sassou Nguesso » in Brazzaville. It concerned 31 children with clinical and radiographic signs of AOFH. Clinical (age at diagnosis of SCD, frequency of vasoocclusive crises and hospitalization for vasoocclusive crises, number of blood transfusion) as well as hematological examination (blood count in the intercritical period) and hydroxyurea treatment were compared with those of 62 children with no clinical and radiographic signs of AOFH. The chi2 statistical test and the odds ratio were used for the comparison (P ˂ 0.05).

Results: The sex ratio was 1.38 versus 0.93 (p = 0.50). The mean age of diagnostic of SCD was 3.76 ± 2.56 years versus 3.94 ± 2.01 years (p = 0.81). Logistic regression showed that SCD children with AOFH had a significantly higher rate of annual frequency of VOC (4.16 ± 1.18 vs 2.91 ± 1.68; P = 0.015), annual frequency of hospitalization for VOC (3.74±1.65 vs 1.45 ± 1.28; P = 0.000) and number of blood transfusions (3.38 ± 2.69 vs 2.42 ± 2.32; P = 0.03).

Conclusion: Emphasis should be placed on the prevention and early management of acute complications of SCD. The role of hydroxyurea should be clarified by further work.
Does Corruption and Institutional Quality Impede Economic Performance in Nigeria?
Authors: Bakare Ibrahim Adeolu , Ozegbe Azuka Elvis , Salami Dada Kareem
Published: May 2023

This study examined the nexus between corruption, institutional quality and economic performance with the motivation to determine the extent to which economic performance is impeded by corruption and institutional quality in Nigeria. The autoregressive distribution lag (ARDL) technique was employed to test the short-run and long-run relationship among the variables of interest. The data used for the analysis were obtained from the World Development Indicators and the Central Bank of Nigeria’s Statistical Bulletin for the period 1970 to 2020. The study found that corruption has a negative and significant impact on economic performance in the long-run. In contrast, institutional quality was found to have a negative but insignificant effect on economic performance. This implies that despite the establishment of institutional structures and enactment of stringent laws to curb the menace of corruption, Nigeria still witnesses a decline in economic performance. As such, Nigeria has weak institutions and regulations to fight corruption. Contrastingly, the study revealed that human capital, trade openness and the working population exerted positive and significant impacts on economic performance. By implication, the Nigerian economy reacts positively to changes in human capital development, trade openness and working population in the long-run. This suggests that, with the availability of appropriate policies and resources, human capital development, trade openness, and working population growth have the potential to enhance Nigeria’s economic performance.
Exploring the Role of Valley Bottom Farming Systems (Vinyungu) for Enhanced Food Stability in a Changing Climate Epoch in Rural Tanzania
Authors: Malekela Asnath Alberto
Published: May 2023

This paper investigates the contribution of valley bottom farming systems (vinyungu) on food stability in rural areas of Tanzania. Two villages from Iringa rural district were selected for this study. Primary data were collected using questionnaires which were distributed to 198 respondents, focused group discussions (FGDs), in-depth interviews as well as the researcher’s own observations. Secondary data were obtained from written documents focusing on the research topic. Also, the study used rainfall and temperature data which were obtained from Tanzania Meteorological Authority (TMA). The annual trends of rainfall and temperature were analyzed via linear trend analysis using a regression equation ‘b’ (y = bx + a). Similarly, the Percentage of Normal Precipitation Index (PNPI) was computed to ascertain years which experienced little and standard rainfall over the past 40 years (1982-2021). The results revealed that vinyungu farming systems play a vital role towards food stability in the study area. Respondents reported to depend on vinyungu crops during dry and other seasons. However, despite of its contribution to food stability, vinyungu farming systems can lead to environmental deterioration if the practice is not well managed. Therefore, capacity building to the communities engaging in such activities is essential for its sustainability.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG DIPERTIMBANGKAN DALAM PEMBELIAN RUMAH TINGGAL KELAS MENENGAH MENURUT BROKER PROPERTI DI SURABAYA
Authors: Dewabrata Leonardo , Kwanda Timoticin , Rahardjo Jani
Published: May 2023

Rumah tinggal merupakan kebutuhan dasar manusia, dibedakan menjadi beberapa kelas, salah satunya kelas menengah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor apa saja yang dipertimbangkan dalam pembelian rumah tinggal kelas menengah menurut broker properti di Surabaya. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada broker properti di Surabaya dan wawancara dengan ketua AREBI Jatim dan salah satu principal dari kantor agensi properti untuk membantu memperdalam pembahasan. Berdasarkan data 162 responden, terdapat 7 faktor yang dipertimbangkan dalam pembelian rumah menengah: desain, lokasi, dan prasarana, merek dan kualitas, legalitas dan faktor leknis lain, kemudahan koneksi, kualitas hidup, pembiayaan, serta yang terakhir adalah promosi. 7 faktor tersebut dapat menjelaskan penelitian ini sebesar 63.01%, dimana faktor yang sangat dipertimbangkan adalah faktor desain, lokasi, dan prasarana (17.17%).
PREDIKSI FINANCIAL DISTRESS PADA PERUSAHAAN TERBUKA DI SEKTOR KONSTRUKSI DAN PROPERTI YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA DENGAN METODE INTEGRASI DIFFERENTIAL EVOLUTION DAN LEAST SQUARES SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE
Authors: Jason Marcellino , Prayogo Doddy
Published: May 2023

Mengetahui perusahaan akan mengalami financial distress adalah hal yang penting bagi banyak pihak. Banyak metode yang digunakan dalam memprediksi financial distress, seperti Multivariate Discriminant Analysis (MDA), logistic regression, hiingga yang paling terbaru menggunakan artificial intelligence. Dalam membuat model prediksi, akurasi mendekati sempurna adalah hal yang ingin dicapai, sehingga terus dilakukan penelitian agar mampu mendapatkan model prediksi financial distress dengan tingkat akurasi setinggi mungkin. Metode yang prediksi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LSSVM) yang diintegrasikan dengan algoritma optimasi yaitu Differential Evolution (DE). Metode ini digunakan untuk memilih variabel dengan pengaruh paling tinggi dan parameter yang paling baik agar mendapatkan model prediksi yang mampu melakukan prediksi dengan akurasi yang tinggi. Terbukti, integrasi LSSVM-DE mampu mengalahkan model penelitian terdahulu seperti Altman Z”-Score.
A guerra como parteira do capital
Authors: Mello Gustavo
Published: May 2023

Nos últimos anos, diante da renovada disputa pela hegemonia no sistema interestatal, marcada por uma corrida armamentista entre grandes potências bélicas, pelo delineamento de uma “guerra fria” entre Estados Unidos e China, e, mais recentemente, pela eclosão da guerra entre Rússia e Ucrânia, que reintroduziu no noticiário a virtualidade do holocausto atômico, impôs-se ao campo da crítica da economia política a atualização da reflexão sobre a relação entre acumulação de capital, crise e militarismo. Com base em algumas recentes contribuições teóricas e na obra marxiana, neste artigo pretende-se discutir os nexos entre guerra e capital no contexto da acumulação primitiva, tendo particular atenção à consolidação de categorias fundamentais da acumulação de capital, como o valor, o trabalho abstrato, e o dinheiro, à constituição do sistema colonial e à emergência do moderno empresariado. Como pano de fundo da análise, está a constatação de que hoje, em um contexto particularmente crítico da reprodução capitalista, as determinações próprias às origens bélicas do capital são atualizadas de modo ameaçador.
Educação de jovens e adultos e Psicologia Histórico-Cultural: a centralidade do trabalho na aprendizagem e no desenvolvimento de trabalhadores jovens e adultos
Authors: Silva Graziela Lucchesi Rosa
Published: May 2023

O presente estudo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa teórica, cujo objeto centra-se na formação escolar do trabalhador na modalidade da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), especificamente no que se refere ao papel do trabalho na relação entre aprendizagem e desenvolvimento de jovens e adultos. Sob fundamentos da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural, à luz do materialismo histórico-dialético, analisamos como sujeitos precariamente escolarizados se constituem enquanto tal, o que isso implica na formação de seus psiquismos e seus desdobramentos para a prática social, além de demonstrar a possibilidade que tem essa população de aprimoramento do conhecimento da realidade e da formação de consciência crítica instruída de si e do mundo.
O legado conceitual da Teoria Histórico-Cultural no pensamento de Carl Ratner: entrevista ao laboratório de Psicologia Histórico-Cultural da Universidade Estadual de Maringá
Authors: Wolff Mendonça Fernando , Henrique Eduarda , Martins Hernandes Julia , Ratner Carl
Published: May 2023

O presente texto representa o trabalho de formação de protagonistas na Psicologia Histórico-Cultural. Este protagonismo se inicia com a formação de alunos do curso de Psicologia da Universidade Estadual de Maringá que participam do Laboratório de Psicologia Histórico-Cultural, um projeto de ensino e extensão, em que os professores coordenadores mobilizam ações formativas para os futuros profissionais. Com fundamentos no materialismo histórico-dialético, é proporcionado aos alunos processos de autogestão e desenvolvimento de ações em que a prática-teórica metodológica se faz presente. Nesse caminho, uma das ações que se sobressai é a administração do legado de conhecimentos produzidos por diferentes autores consagrados na Psicologia Histórico-Cultural mediante a produção de entrevistas sobre os caminhos produtivos desses autores. Este texto apresenta o resultado do trabalho teórico e conceitual produzido pelo prof. Carl Ratner, durante entrevista produzida e gerida pelos alunos do laboratório. Pretende-se, dessa forma, manter viva a produção e a memória desses grandes pensadores da teoria.
Body Mass Index and Risk of Hospitalization or Death Due to Lower or Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
Authors: Bohrmann Bastian , Massa M. Sofia , Ross Stephanie , Lewington Sarah , Lacey Ben
Published: May 2023

This study assesses the associations between body mass index and risk of hospitalization for or death due to COVID-19, lower respiratory tract infections, and upper respiratory tract infections.
Availability, Cost, and Consumer Ratings of Popular Nonvalidated vs Validated Blood Pressure–Measuring Devices Sold Online in 10 Countries
Authors: Picone Dean S. , Chapman Niamh , Schultz Martin G. , Schutte Aletta E. , Stergiou George S. , Whelton Paul K. , Sharman James E.
Published: May 2023

This study examines the availability, cost, and consumer ratings of blood pressure–measuring devices relative to validation status across 10 countries.
National Trends in Mental Health–Related Emergency Department Visits Among Youth, 2011-2020
Authors: Bommersbach Tanner J. , McKean Alastair J. , Olfson Mark , Rhee Taeho Greg
Published: May 2023

Importance

There has been increasing concern about the burden of mental health problems among youth, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic. Trends in mental health–related emergency department (ED) visits are an important indicator of unmet outpatient mental health needs.

Objective

To estimate annual trends in mental health–related ED visits among US children, adolescents, and young adults between 2011 and 2020.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Data from 2011 to 2020 in the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, an annual cross-sectional national probability sample survey of EDs, was used to examine mental health–related visits for youths aged 6 to 24 years (unweighted = 49 515).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Mental health–related ED visits included visits associated with psychiatric or substance use disorders and were identified by International Classification of Diseases-Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM; 2011-2015) and ICD-10-CM (2016-2020) discharge diagnosis codes or by reason-for-visit (RFV) codes. We estimated the annual proportion of mental health–related pediatric ED visits from 2011 to 2020. Subgroup analyses were performed by demographics and broad psychiatric diagnoses. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analyses estimated factors independently associated with mental health–related ED visits controlling for period effects.

Results

From 2011 to 2020, the weighted number of pediatric mental health–related visits increased from 4.8 million (7.7% of all pediatric ED visits) to 7.5 million (13.1% of all ED visits) with an average annual percent change of 8.0% (95% CI, 6.1%-10.1%; P < .001). Significant linearly increasing trends were seen among children, adolescents, and young adults, with the greatest increase among adolescents and across sex and race and ethnicity. While all types of mental health–related visits significantly increased, suicide-related visits demonstrated the greatest increase from 0.9% to 4.2% of all pediatric ED visits (average annual percent change, 23.1% [95% CI, 19.0%-27.5%]; P < .001).

Conclusions and Relevance

Over the last 10 years, the proportion of pediatric ED visits for mental health reasons has approximately doubled, including a 5-fold increase in suicide-related visits. These findings underscore an urgent need to improve crisis and emergency mental health service capacity for young people, especially for children experiencing suicidal symptoms.
Validity, Reliability, and Differential Item Functioning of English and French Versions of the 10‐Item Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale in Systemic Sclerosis: A Scleroderma Patient‐Centered Intervention Network Cohort Study
Authors: Neyer Marieke A. , Henry Richard S. , Carrier Marie‐Eve , Kwakkenbos Linda , Wojeck Robyn K. , Gietzen Amy , Gottesman Karen , Guillot Geneviève , Lawrie‐Jones Amanda , Mayes Maureen D. , Mouthon Luc , Nielson Warren R. , Richard Michelle , Worron‐Sauvé Maureen , Harel Daphna , Malcarne Vanessa L. , Bartlett Susan J. , Thombs Brett D. ,   the SPIN Investigators
Published: May 2023

Objective

Some individuals with systemic sclerosis (SSc) report positive mental health, despite severe disease manifestations, which may be associated with resilience, but no resilience measure has been validated in SSc. This study was undertaken to assess the validity, reliability, and differential item functioning (DIF) between English‐ and French‐language versions of the 10‐item Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale (CD‐RISC‐10) in SSc.

Methods

Eligible participants were enrolled in the Scleroderma Patient‐centered Intervention Network Cohort and completed the CD‐RISC‐10 between August 2022 and January 2023. We used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to evaluate the CD‐RISC‐10 factor structure and conducted DIF analysis across languages with Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes models. We tested convergent validity with another measure of resilience and measures of self‐esteem and depression and anxiety symptoms. We assessed internal consistency and test–retest reliability using Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results

A total of 962 participants were included in this analysis. CFA supported a single‐factor structure (Tucker–Lewis index = 0.99, comparative fit index = 0.99, root mean square error of approximation = 0.08 [90% confidence interval (90% CI) 0.07, 0.09]). We found no meaningful DIF. Internal consistency was high (α = 0.93 [95% CI 0.92, 0.94]), and we found that correlations with other measures of psychological functioning were moderate to large (|r| = 0.57–0.78) and confirmed study hypotheses. The scale showed good 1–2‐week test–retest reliability (ICC 0.80 [95% CI 0.75, 0.85]) in a subsample of 230 participants.

Conclusion

The CD‐RISC‐10 is a valid and reliable measure of resilience in SSc, with score comparability across English and French versions.

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Influence of Friction Stir Weld Parameters on the Corrosion Susceptibility of EN AW‐7075 Weld Seam and Heat‐Affected Zone
Authors: Chandra Caroline Karina , Sommer Niklas , Heider Ben , Hatzky Marcel , Reitz Rüdiger , Böhm Stefan , Oechsner Matthias
Published: May 2023

Friction stir welding enables joining of high‐strength, lightweight aluminum alloys, e.g., EN‐AW‐7075, below the melting point by induced plastic deformation. Therefore, heat transfer into the adjacent regions beneath the weld seam is significantly reduced as compared to fusion welding processes such as laser beam welding. However, specific zones along the weld seam area are susceptible to localized corrosion due to grain growth and the precipitation of intermetallic phases. Thus, several approaches toward lowering the corrosion susceptibility of the heat‐affected zone are presented. Special interest is given to increasing the plastic deformation by the use of novel multipin welding tools that eventually facilitate reduced heat input during welding as a result of substantially lower tool revolutions. The corrosion behavior is tested by means of full material immersion tests and electrochemical measurements which provide insight into the corrosion kinetics. Using pre‐ and postmortem microstructural analysis, the mechanisms influencing the initiation of corrosion can be identified. Supported by in‐operando temperature measurements, the varied welding parameters and their interrelationships to corrosion resistance can be derived. Furthermore, recommendations on optimal welding parameters to obtain enhanced corrosion resistance can be deduced.
Evaluating the Effect of Binder for Sulfurized Polyacrylonitrile Cathode via Optical Fiber Sensors
Authors: Miao Ziyun , Xiao Xiangpeng , Li Jianbo , Xu Xiaoning , Chen Weilun , Yuan Lixia , Sun Qizhen , Li Zhen , Huang Yunhui
Published: May 2023

Sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) is a very stable and promising sulfur‐based cathode material for high energy density lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries, which can circumvent the polysulfides dissolution issue. However, the stress concentration caused by volume change in SPAN cathodes is relatively significant but is rarely focused on. It is widely reckoned that the binder plays a key role in buffering the stress induced by electrode materials and hence maintains the integrity of electrodes. Nevertheless, the understanding of the actual effect of binders to SPAN cathodes from the aspect of mechanics remains to be deepened. Here, the optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is implanted into SPAN cathode films to in situ evaluate the electrochemo‐mechanical behaviors by using four different binders. The internal strain evolution of SPAN cathodes is affected by multiple factors of adhesion and mechanical properties of different binders. It is found that the SPAN cathode using poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) binder with outstanding mechanical properties experiences the largest strain change but the electrochemical performance is even better under high sulfur loading. Furthermore, the strain evolution is monitored under high sulfur loading condition and how the sulfur loading affects the signals of the built‐in FBG sensors is tried to figure out.
Blade‐Coated Carbon Electrode Perovskite Solar Cells to Exceed 20% Efficiency Through Protective Buffer Layers
Authors: Li Yaqing , Lu Xiayao , Mei Yantao , Dong Chen , Gangadharan Deepak Thrithamarassery , Liu Kong , Wang Zhijie , Qu Shengchun , Saidaminov Makhsud I. , Zhang Weifeng , Tan Furui
Published: May 2023

Perovskite solar cells with carbon electrode have a commercial impact because of their facile scalability, low‐cost, and stability. In these devices, it remains a challenge to design an efficient hole transport layer (HTL) for robust interfacing with perovskite on one side and carbon on another. Herein, an organic/inorganic double planar HTL is constructed based on polythiophene (P3HT) and nickel oxide (NiOx) nanoparticles to address the named challenge. Through adding an alkyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) modified NiOx nanoparticle layer on P3HT, the planar HTL achieves a cascade type‐II energy level alignment at the perovskite/HTL interfaces and a preferential ohmic contact at NiOx/carbon electrode, which greatly benefits in charge collection while suppressing charge transfer recombination. Besides, compared with the single P3HT layer, the planar composite enables a robust interfacial contact by protecting perovskite from being corroded by carbon paste during fabrication. As a result, the blade‐coated FA0.6MA0.4PbI3 perovskite solar cells (fabricated in ambient air in fume hood) with carbon electrode deliver an efficiency of 20.14%, the highest value for bladed coated carbon and perovskite solar cells, and withstand 275 h maximum power point tracking in air without encapsulation (95% efficiency retained).
Cuproptosis‐Driven Enhancement of Thermotherapy by Sequentially Response Cu2‐xSe via Copper Chemical Transition
Authors: Chan Leung , Liu Yongkang , Chen Muhe , Su Yanhong , Guo Junxian , Zhu Liwen , Zhan Meixiao , Chen Tianfeng , Lu Ligong
Published: May 2023

Activation of cuproptosis pathway has been reported to hold great potential in the application of tumor treatment. But the efficacy of cuproptosis seriously limited by the insufficient accumulation in the tumor sites. Therefore, herein based on the strong stabilization effects of the metalloid element selenium (Se) on copper (Cu), a photothermic Cu2‐xSe nanoparticle encapsulated with bioresponsive dimethyl maleic anhydride (DMMA@Cu2‐xSe) as a copper‐carrier to improve the copper accumulation in tumor is constructed, thus achieving cuproptosis‐driven enhancement of thermotherapy. This nanosystem exhibits the enhancement of tumor cellular uptake by a weak acid‐triggered charge‐switching ability. Next step, the exposed Cu2‐xSe is oxidized and releases divalent copper by high‐level oxide. Then, the abundant copper induces more dihydrolipoamide S‐acetyltransferase oligomerization to down‐regulate FDX1 and tricarboxylic acid cycle‐related proteins, which leads to inhibiting aerobic respiration. Cuproptosis‐induced mitochondrial damage further improves thermotherapy by up‐regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, the generated ROS also promotes copper release to strengthen cuproptosis, and eventually improves tumor thermotherapy in turn. In general, DMMA@Cu2‐xSe with sequentially triggered copper‐release, efficient cuproptosis, and appropriate photothermal is a self‐enhanced nanoplatform for cuproptosis‐driven enhancement of thermotherapy.
Probing into Reverse Bias Dark Current in Perovskite Photodiodes: Critical Role of Surface Defects
Authors: Yin Zhao‐Yang , Chen Yang , Zhang Yang‐Yang , Yuan Yu , Yang Qian , Zhong Ya‐Nan , Gao Xu , Xiao Jing , Wang Zhao‐Kui , Xu Jian‐Long , Wang Sui‐Dong
Published: May 2023

Minimizing reverse bias dark current density (Jdark) while retaining high external quantum efficiency is crucial for promising applications of perovskite photodiodes, and it remains challenging to elucidate the ultimate origin of Jdark. It is demonstrated in this study that the surface defects induced by iodine vacancies are the main cause of Jdark in perovskite photodiodes. In a targeted way, the surface defects are thoroughly passivated through a simple treatment with butylamine hydroiodide to form ultrathin 2D perovskite on its 3D bulk. In the passivated perovskite photodiodes, Jdark as low as 3.78 × 10‐10 A cm‐2 at ‐0.1 V is achieved, and the photoresponse is also enhanced, especially at low light intensities. A combination of the two improvements realizes high specific detectivity up to 1.46 × 1012 Jones in the devices. It is clarified that the trap states induced by the surface defects can not only raise the generation‐recombination current density associated with the Shockley–Read–Hall mechanisms in the dark (increasing Jdark), but also provide additional carrier recombination paths under light illumination (decreasing photocurrent). The critical role of surface defects on Jdark of perovskite photodiodes suggests that making trap‐free perovskite thin films, for example, by fine preparation and/or surface engineering, is a top priority for high‐performance perovskite photodiodes.
Brain‐Targeted Exosomes‐Based Drug Delivery System to Overcome the Treatment Bottleneck of Brainstem Glioma
Authors: Chen Junge , Shan Shaobo , Xia Bozhang , Zhang Liwei , Liang Xing‐Jie
Published: May 2023

Brain health is the humans’ primary goal in achieving health and longevity. Brainstem glioma (BSG) has a high disability and mortality rate, posing a serious threat to children's brain health. Delivery of drugs to the brainstem is limited by poor tumor targeting and low blood‐brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Thus, it is a great challenge to construct intracranial drug delivery systems with strong biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and high BBB permeability for the delivery of drugs targeting BSG. Exosomes, as the next generation of novel delivery systems, have been widely used to across the BBB due to their advantages of good biocompatibility, stability, and permeability of the BBB and have made corresponding breakthroughs in targeted drug delivery for CNS diseases. This review summarizes natural, polypeptide functionalized, and physical methods‐assisted brain‐targeted exosomes‐based drug delivery systems, the drug treatment bottleneck of BSG, and highlights the potential of using a brain‐targeted exosomes‐based drug delivery system to overcome the drug treatment bottleneck of BSG. It provides new insights into using exosomes‐based drug delivery for BSG treatment.
Direct Observation of Oxygen Ion Dynamics in a WO3‐x based Second‐Order Memristor with Dendritic Integration Functions
Authors: Lin Ya , Meng Fanqi , Zeng Tao , Zhang Qinghua , Wang Zhongqiang , Cheng Yankun , Zhao Xiaoning , Gu Lin , Xu Haiyang , Liu Yichun
Published: May 2023

Direct observation of oxygen dynamics in an oxide‐based second‐order memristor can provide the valid evidence to clarify the memristive mechanism, however, which is still limited for now. In this study, the migration and diffusion of oxygen ions in the region of Pt/WO3‐x Schottky interface are observed in the WO3‐x second‐order memristor by using the technique of in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the electron energy loss spectroscopy. Interestingly, the coexistence of memristive and memcapacitive switching can be implemented in this memristor. Combined with the analysis of depth‐profile X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), an interface‐barrier‐modulation second‐order memristive model is proposed based on the above results. Notably, temporally correlative oxygen dynamics in the memristor offers the platform to integrate signals from multiple inputs, enabling the realization of the dendritic functions of synchronous and asynchronous integration for the application of logic operations with fault‐tolerance capability and associative learning. These findings provide the experimental evidence to in‐depth understanding of oxygen dynamics and switching mechanism in second‐order memristor, which can support the optimization of memristive performance and the achievement of biorealistic synaptic functions.
In Situ Reprogrammings of Splenic CD11b+ Cells by Nano‐Hypoxia to Promote Inflamed Damage Site‐Specific Angiogenesis
Authors: Chung Seyong , Kim Si Yeong , Lee Kyubae , Baek Sewoom , Ha Hyun‐Su , Kim Dae‐Hyun , Park Suji , Lee Chan Hee , Kim Hye‐Seon , Shin Young Min , Yu Seung Eun , Sung Hak‐Joon
Published: May 2023

Clinical translation of nanoparticles is limited because of their short circulation time, which hampers targeting to prolong therapeutic effects. Angiogenesis is required to regenerate damaged sites under inflammation, and CD11b+ cells turn vasculogenic under hypoxia. As a turning‐point strategy to increase the circulation time, this study explores liposomal targeting of splenic CD11b+ cells, which are gathered in the spleen and move to inflamed sites inherently. Moreover, nano‐hypoxia is strategized as a therapeutic method by loading liposomes with a hypoxic‐mimetic agent (CoCl2) to induce in situ reprogramming of splenic CD11b+ cells upon venous injection. Consequently, the vasculogenic potential of reprogrammed cells accelerates regeneration through inflammation‐responsive homing. Hydrophilic coating of liposomes improves the selectivity of splenic targeting in contrast to fast targeting without coating. Hypoxia chambers and surgical induction of splenic hypoxia are compared to validate the reprogramming effect. The strategy is validated in mouse models of inflamed skin, ischemic hindlimbs, and 70% hepatectomy compared with a conventional approach using bone marrow cells. Intravital multiphoton microscopy, 19F 2D/3D MRI, and microchannel hydrogel chips for 3D tissue culture are used as advanced tools. Overall, nanocarrier change to CD11b+ cells prolong targeting by inducing in situ reprogramming for inflammation‐responsive vasculogenic therapy.
Improving the Performance of Layer‐by‐Layer Processed Organic Solar Cells via Introducing a Wide‐Bandgap Dopant into the Upper Acceptor Layer
Authors: Chen Qiaoling , Huang Hao , Hu Di , Zhang Cai'e , Xu Xinjun , Lu Hao , Wu Yonggang , Yang Chuluo , Bo Zhishan
Published: May 2023

The layer‐by‐layer (LbL) solution‐processed organic solar cells (OSCs) are conductive to achieve vertical phase separation, tunable donor–acceptor (D/A) interfaces, and favorable charge‐transport pathways. In this work, a wide‐bandgap component poly(9‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK) is added to the upper electron acceptor layer to improve the performance of LbL‐processed OSCs. Results show that the PVK component can adjust the film morphology, dope the electron acceptor, increase the electron concentration, and improve charge transport. Such n‐type doping is verified by Seebeck coefficient measurement, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance characterization. In addition, the fluorescence intensity and exciton lifetime of the PVK‐doped acceptor film are increased, thus being beneficial for exciton diffusion to the D/A interface. Therefore, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of LbL OSCs increases when 2.50 wt.% PVK is employed in the electron acceptor layer of commonly‐used high‐efficiency system and a maximum value of 19.05% can be achieved. The role of PVK played in the active layer is different from those of additives and ternary components reported previously, so the results provide an alternative way to enhance the device performance of LbL‐processed OSCs.
Multiwavelength Achromatic Metalens in Visible by Inverse Design
Authors: Jiang Qiang , Liu Jianghong , Li Junyi , Jing Xiaoli , Li Xin , Huang Lingling , Wang Yongtian
Published: May 2023

Achromatic metalenses are promising alternatives to traditional lenses, allowing the miniaturization of optical systems. However, the limitation due to the group delay range of the meta‐atoms that can be fabricated requires a trade‐off relationship between the working bandwidth, numerical aperture (NA), and aperture of the achromatic metalens operating in a continuous spectrum. Considering that light sources used in most optical systems to illuminate or display images in most optical systems generate multiwavelength light with a narrow bandwidth, an efficient end‐to‐end inverse design framework for multiwavelength achromatic metalenses is implemented. As a proof of concept, an achromatic metalens with an NA of 0.3 and a diameter of 115 µm at four visible wavelengths and arbitrary linear polarization is designed and experimentally demonstrated. The measured results show a maximum focal length shift of 5.2778%. The proposed strategy avoids complicated physical models, enabling the integration of complex functionalities into a single metasurface, thereby driving the design of efficient and emerging devices.
High‐Efficiency and Narrow‐Band Near‐Ultraviolet Emitters with Low CIEy of 0.03 by Incorporating Extra Weak Charge Transfer Channel into Multi‐Resonance Skeleton
Authors: Gan Xiang‐Qin , Ding Zhen‐Ming , Liu Deng‐Hui , Zheng Wei‐Qiong , Ma Bin , Zhang Hu , Chang Xiang , Wang Li , Liu Yu , Wu Xiugang , Su Shi‐Jian , Zhu Weiguo
Published: May 2023

Hybridized local and charge‐transfer (HLCT) excited‐state emitters can effectively utilize non‐radiative triplet excitons through high‐lying reverse intersystem crossing (hRISC), but they are mostly limited to the donor‐π‐acceptor type molecules. It is a great challenge to develop high‐performance near‐ultraviolet (NUV) emitters with narrow‐band emission by HLCT due to the large carrier injection barriers and high triplet energy. In this work, by incorporating planar multi‐resonance (MR) skeleton of oxygen‐bridged triphenylborane (BO) and weak electron‐donating unit of tetraphenyl‐silane (TPS), two NUV emitters of tBOSi and tBOSiCz are developed, where an extra weak charge transfer (CT) channel between BO skeleton and peripheral phenyl in TPS is observed to increase CT component and activate hot exciton channel of hRISC. As a result, tBOSi and tBOSiCz show an outstanding narrow‐band NUV emission at 414 nm with a FWHM of about 32 nm in solution‐processed organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), even at a heavy doping ratio. The best NUV electroluminescent properties are further achieved in the optimal tBOSi‐doped OLEDs with a record efficiency of 9.15% and a low CIEy of 0.034. This work provides a profound guidance for developing high‐performance narrow‐band NUV emitters by an extra weak CT channel into MR skeleton to activate HLCT emission.
Hydrogel Lasers Via Supramolecular Host–Guest Complexation
Authors: Paatelainen Matias , Lahikainen Markus , Berdin Alex , Kuntze Kim , Nau Werner M. , Nonappa  , Priimagi Arri
Published: May 2023

Supramolecular host–guest complexes are dynamic systems composed of typically macrocyclic host molecules encapsulating smaller guest molecules. One of their applications is the selective encapsulation of fluorescent dye molecules to tackle quenching and photobleaching in solution. When extended to solid matrices, the efficiency of dyes can be especially poor, limiting their use in fluorescence‐based applications. Here it is demonstrated that supramolecular host–guest complexation in a hydrogel network allows readily tunable hydrogel‐based lasers. Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐based copolymer hydrogel is used with covalently linked Rhodamine B molecules. By controlled doping of cucurbit[7]uril as a host molecule in the hydrogel, it is shown that the fluorescent quantum yield increases from 17% to 51%, accompanied by 15‐fold enhancement in photostability. As proof of concept, a thin‐film distributed feedback hydrogel laser with wavelength tunability is fabricated. The results reveal a 30% increase in slope efficiency in the presence of host molecules. These results, combined with the inherent stimuli‐response of hydrogels, enable new possibilities for affordable and small‐scale photonic devices capable of safely interacting with the environment in, for example, sensing applications.
Photocatalytic Cascade Reaction Driven by Directed Charge Transfer over VS‐Zn0.5Cd0.5S/GO for Controllable Benzyl Oxidation
Authors: Bai Xue , She Mengyao , Ji Yali , Zhang Zhe , Xue Wenhua , Liu Enzhou , Wan Kerou , Liu Ping , Zhang Shengyong , Li Jianli
Published: May 2023

Photocatalysis is an important technique for synthetic transformations. However, little attention has been paid to light‐driven synergistic redox reactions for directed synthesis. Herein, the authors report tunable oxidation of benzyl to phenylcarbinol with the modest yield (47%) in 5 h via singlet oxygen (1O2) and proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) over the photocatalyst Zn0.5Cd0.5S (ZCS)/graphene oxide (GO) under exceptionally mild conditions. Theoretical calculations indicate that the presence of S vacancies on the surface of ZCS/GO photocatalyst is crucial for the adsorption and activation of O2, successively generating the superoxide radical (•O2−) and 1O2, attributing to the regulation of local electron density on the surface of ZCS/GO and photogenerated holes (h+). Meanwhile, accelerated transfer of photogenerated electrons (e−) to GO caused by the π–π stacking effect is conducive to the subsequent aldehyde hydrogenation to benzyl alcohol rather than non‐selective oxidation of aldehyde to carboxylic acid. Anisotropic charge transport driven by the built‐in electric field can further promote the separation of e− and h+ for multistep reactions. Promisingly, one‐pot photocatalytic conversion of p‐xylene to 4‐methylbenzyl alcohol is beneficial for reducing the harmful effects of aromatics on human health. Furthermore, this study provides novel insights into the design of photocatalysts for cascade reactions.
Stitching Flexible Electronics into the Brain
Authors: Lee Jung Min , Lin Dingchang , Pyo Young‐Woo , Kim Ha‐Reem , Park Hong‐Gyu , Lieber Charles M.
Published: May 2023

Understanding complex neuronal networks requires monitoring long‐term neuronal activity in various regions of the brain. Significant progress has been made in multisite implantations of well‐designed probes, such as multisite implantation of Si‐based and polymer‐based probes. However, these multiprobe strategies are limited by the sizes and weights of interfaces to the multiple probes and the inability to track the activity of the same neurons and changes in neuronal activity over longer time periods. Here, a long single flexible probe that can be implanted by stitching into multiple regions of the mouse brain and subsequently transmit chronically stable neuronal signals from the multiple sites via a single low‐mass interface is reported. The probe at four different sites is implemented using a glass capillary needle or two sites using an ultrathin metal needle. In vitro tests in brain‐mimicking hydrogel show that multisite probe implantations achieve a high connection yield of >86%. In vivo histological images at each site of probes, implanted by stitching using either glass capillary or ultrathin metal insertion needles exhibit seamless tissue–probe interfaces with negligible chronic immune response. In addition, electrophysiology studies demonstrate the ability to track single neuron activities at every injection site with chronic stability over at least one month. Notably, the measured spike amplitudes and signal‐to‐noise ratios at different implantation sites show no statistically significant differences. Multisite stitching implantation of flexible electronics in the brain opens up new opportunities for both fundamental neuroscience research and electrotherapeutic applications.