bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrodynamics of flow through living shoreline structure
Authors: Tanhaseng Kanyarat , Kositgittiwong Duangrudee , Ekkawatpanit Chaiwat , Kompor Wongnarin , Petpongpan Chanchai
Published: February 2025

Globally, the deployment of artificial seadomes has garnered increasing attention for enhancing recreational activities and providing coastal protection. The strategic placement of seadomes on the seafloor alters local hydrodynamic patterns, which play a crucial role in mitigating coastal erosion. A comprehensive understanding of these flow dynamics is essential for optimizing the design and configuration of artificial seadomes. This study presents a numerical investigation into the hydrodynamics of artificial seadomes, focusing on performance optimization by varying key parameters such as water depth (h), incident wave height (Hi), and wavelength (L). A series of 40 controlled numerical tests was conducted with seadomes arranged in five shore-parallel rows near the shoreline. The analysis reveals that a relative structure height (D/h) exceeding 1.0, coupled with a relative wavelength (L/Be) between 0.5 and 1.0, leads to wave amplitude reductions of over 90%. Larger seadomes, with widths ranging from 45 to 60 cm, achieved wave reduction rates of up to 98%. The study also explored a zig-zag formation using 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with the RNG k-ε turbulence model, offering detailed insights into the flow behavior around the structures. Furthermore, a nomogram was developed as a practical tool to optimize seadome placement for enhanced wave attenuation and coastal defense. These results provide valuable guidance for future applications of artificial seadomes in real-world coastal protection efforts.
A Study of the Motion Response of Floating Solar PV and Cross-Flow Savonius Turbine in Moored Conditions
Authors: Ramsy de Fretes Patrick , Izzuddin Jifaturrohman Mohammad , Putranto Teguh , Aria Pria Utama I Ketut , Huang Luofeng
Published: February 2025

The transition towards Net Zero Emissions (NZEs) is being accelerated by hybrid renewable technologies such as Floating Photovoltaic (FPV) systems and marine current turbines, which combine solar panels and cross-flow marine turbines mounted on floating structures for near-shore applications. Despite their innovative potential, these renewable technologies face significant challenges in stability and durability due to the effects of wind, waves, and ocean currents. Therefore, a flexible mooring system is essential to address these challenges. This research examines the influence of variations in the number of mooring lines and wave direction on the hydrodynamic response of FPV systems. Utilizing a catenary mooring system consisting of anchors, mooring lines, floats, and connectors, the study evaluates various configurations to determine the optimal solution for enhanced motion stability. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are employed to analyze the dynamic response of FPV systems under different environmental conditions, represented on a sea-state scale, with a focus on pure oscillatory motions: heave, roll, and pitch. The findings aim to provide valuable insights for the design and operation of more stable and efficient FPV systems in marine environments, thereby supporting the advancement of sustainable renewable energy.
The Role of Mangrove Vegetation in Supporting Birdlife Diversity in Coastal Habitats, Study Case Benoa, Bali
Authors: Christy Shanie Avissa Nathanya , Saptarini Dian
Published: February 2025

The mangrove ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining biodiversity, particularly in supporting bird species diversity within coastal habitats by offering essential resources such as nesting sites, shelter, and food. This study analyzes the relationship between mangrove characteristics and the species composition of birds in coastal Benoa areas to explore the role of mangroves in Ngurah Rain Forest Park in supporting bird diversity. Point counts and line transects were utilized to obtain data to observe bird communities, and plot sampling was used to evaluate the characteristics of the mangrove vegetation, including species composition, tree height, and density. Bird diversity was analyzed using the Shannon-Weiner IndexThis study found that the mangrove species identified included
Thespesia populnea, Avicennia lanata, A. marina, Rhizophora apiculate, R. stylosa, R. mucranata, Sonneratia alba, Xylocarpus granatum, Aegiceras corniculatum, Ceriops tagal, and
Lumnitzera racemose. The observations revealed that at least 21 species of avifauna were identified, including 13 migratory bird species, 7 bird species protected by Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 106 Year 2018, and two endemic bird species, the bar-winged prinia (
Prinia familiaris) and the blue kingfisher (
Alcedo coerulescens). By examining various sites with differing mangrove structures, this research provides insights into how specific vegetation features influence bird species richness and distribution
Assessing properties of solar-dried banana with white chocolate coating
Authors: Warsiki Endang , Hanniyah Chairunnisah Putri , Suparno Ono , Taksaudom Nuraemon , Rardniyom Chananpat
Published: February 2025

Banana is one of the most prevalent tropical fruits, renowned for its nutritional and energetic value. Drying bananas prolongs their shelf life, reduces weight, conserves storage space, and controls enzymatic reactions that lead to banana degradation. Drying also enhances sensory attributes such as flavor and texture. Producing solar-dried banana coating with fancy flavors is an innovation in banana product processing, especially with white chocolate coating. However, the coating made from white chocolate mixed with various flavors has a problem with its viscosity, and this type of chocolate is considered not heat resistant enough, leading to melting in most tropical temperatures, such as those in Thailand. Therefore, four components were incorporated into the mixture of white chocolate coating to improve its quality. Palm Kernel Oil (PKO), Palmitic Acid (PA), Cocoa Butter (CB), and Soy Lecithin (SL) were added to enhance the coating's properties. The results showed that CB had the best viscosity at 9600 cP, a slightly lower melting point at 29.01°C, and a hardness measurement of 152 g. These modifications proved proper components to stabilize the coating under high temperatures, making it suitable for tropical climates. Further research is needed to produce a heat-resistant white chocolate coating, ensuring it maintains its integrity and desirable properties during storage and transportation in hot conditions. Additionally, consumer preferences and sensory evaluations must be considered to ensure that the modified white chocolate coating meets taste and texture expectations while providing the necessary heat resistance.
Comparative analysis of phytochemical properties in preserved and non-preserved butterfly pea flower beverages during storage
Authors: Puspitojati Endah , Rahayu Novia Aristi , Fatimah Nur , Sumarna Sumarna
Published: February 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased public consciousness of the significance of ensuring food safety and promoting good health. The butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea) is recognized for its therapeutic properties, as it harbors valuable components that promote health, notably a rich concentration of antioxidants. This study aims to analyze the changes in phytochemical content in butterfly pea flower beverages with and without preservatives during storage at different temperatures. The method involved preparing butterfly pea flower beverages with the addition of sodium benzoate at concentrations of 0 mg/L, 200 mg/L, 400 mg/L, and 600 mg/L, which were then stored at temperatures of 4°C, 27°C, and 45°C for five weeks. Weekly analyses were performed to quantify the levels of vitamin C, anthocyanins, and free radical inhibition activity. The sensory properties were also conducted to compare hedonic levels between preserved and non-preserved beverages. The findings indicated that the pH of the beverages tended to maintain stability during the storage period. However, there was a notable reduction in the vitamin C concentration. The level of anthocyanin is reduced, particularly when stored at higher temperatures. The inhibition of free radicals showed substantial variance among the different treatments. Sensory properties, including color and aroma, remained generally preferred by the panelists for both preserved and non-preserved beverages. Overall, the addition of sodium benzoate preservatives was effective in maintaining the phytochemical stability and sensory properties of butterfly pea flower beverages during storage.
Cost-Benefit analysis for energy efficiency of existing hotel building
Authors: Satriopratomo Dhimas F. , Padma Devia Yatnanta , Susanti Lilya
Published: February 2025

The purpose of establishing a hotel building itself is expected to get good financial benefits as much as possible. In order to increase the cost-benefit for the building, increasing the energy efficiency is a major way to save energy and thus reduce energy expenses from the existing building. This research aim is to analyze energy consumption and cost-benefit at repaired existing hotel building. The method that used in this research are existing building modeling, energy and cost simulation, provide repairmen alternatives to reduce energy consumption and cost, and determine the optimum alternative design. The simulation using Sefaira as a Sketchup Software plug-in. In this research, the object is hotel building that have 11 floor and 1 basement at Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The result show that the existing hotel building consume 977 kWh/m2/year and energy cost IDR 2.994.403.821. The alternative for repairmen existing hotel building area the replacement of tint window, insulated wall application, skylight addition, and window addition at dismantle room area. For the selected alternative is the hybrid of window addition at dismantled room area and insulated wall that decrease energy consumption and cost into 871,06 kWh/m2/year (12,16%) and IDR 2.346.637.473 respectively. It means the energy cost savings is IDR 272.042.266 (9,09%). Furthermore, from cost-benefit analysis resulted the economic internal rate of return (EIRR) 13,61%, payback period in 5,52 years. In 20 years, PV Cost IDR 14.493.532.315,84 and PV benefit IDR 16.422.494.153,10, resulted the NPV at IDR 1.928.961.837,26 and BCR value 1.13.
Using pineapple leaf fiber as a sustainable future textile
Authors: Inty N. , Deny A. , Mein K. , Indah C.A. , Alvi L. , Villalon Adiza
Published: February 2025

The textiles of the future are environmentally friendly textiles that are non-biodegradable. These textiles can be produced from natural plant fibers. Pineapple, as a bush fruit plant, has spiny and fibrous leaves. These fiber characteristics can be used as raw material for hygroscopic textiles. This research aims to discover the process of processing pineapple leaves as textile raw material using the Practice-Led Research method with 4 stages: discover, define, develop, and deliver. The research started with grouping leaf lengths, fiber extraction, drying, combing, and splicing the fibers. Splicing can be done by tying the fibers at both ends to form a bulge, and twisting 3 to 8 pineapple fibers as weft threads on an 8-campran machine with a 60 cm comb with a density of 40 fibers according to the desired fiber twist size. The twisted fibers are combined with 60/2 warp threads to produce ageometric textile woven structure. The finished weaving results show the surface and fall of pineapple leaf fibers as a distinctive and unique textile that the public likes.
Innovative bean sprouts basket (iBSB): A conceptual paper on a new dimension of low-cost bean sprout cultivation among agro-community
Authors: Yusuf Munifah Siti Amira , Takrim Aiman , Lazim Siti Saripa Rabiah Mat
Published: February 2025

Sprouts are tiny seedlings that are produced during seed germination and have a short growth period. Across the globe and in Malaysia, more people are consuming bean sprouts due to their awareness of the need to consume “healthy foods”. The sprouts are composed of proteins, carbohydrates, and biochemical compounds with a significant amount of the recommended daily requirement for ascorbic acid and riboflavin, as well as a variety of minerals obtained through the consumption of sprouts. Moreover, sprout quality is influenced by the length, thickness, colour, and texture of the hypocotyl and roots, as well as by maintaining characteristics and little water loss after harvest. A modified atmosphere with high carbon dioxide and low oxygen can be used as a sprouting environment to control sprout growth. However, the current issues relating to open sprouting systems are bean sprout disease and high maintenance for open cultivation tanks. Thus, to solve the problem regarding the current domestic bean sprouting system, an innovative bean sprouts basket (iBSB) was innovated to control or reduce bean sprout disease for every production cycle.
System process documentation of processing of moringa leaves into moringa powder
Authors: Medina Melissa R.
Published: February 2025

Moringa oleifera, commonly known as malunggay, has a high nutritional and medicinal value. With these, the global market for moringa ingredients is increasing because of the change to a more essential or healthy lifestyle. The moringa leaves are highly perishable to maintain their quality. This study shows several processing techniques for dried moringa leaves. Furthermore, the study examined the material balance of 25kg of freshly harvested moringa leaves. The weight increased by 4% in the initial washing and 29% in the secondary washing due to the leaves’ water absorption capacity. Spin dryer removal was 42%, while mechanical dryer removal was 23%. The study achieved 10% material recovery from harvest to packaging. As a result of the study, one of the major issues for moringa processing is its high investment costs, with a total equipment cost of Php 1,398,355.00, and its labor intensiveness, particularly in the destemming procedure (5 kg per hour). The lack of moringa plantations is one of the constraints for establishing the processing, as this will hamper the operation. As a recommendation, increasing moringa leaves for a stable supply of raw materials or establishing a small-scale processing facility for lower investment costs.
Portable humidifier for refrigeration systems isolation room in a simple residential house
Authors: Ruhyat N. , Firdaus A.
Published: February 2025

Humans need fresh and clean air to live healthily. However, being in a dense and dense residential environment can potentially transmit diseases such as infections, bacteria, viruses, airborne microorganisms (airborne microorganisms), fungi, and other sources of infectious diseases. This is a concern in the air conditioning system. The air conditioning system regulates the air conditioning in the room to meet ideal conditions such as temperature and humidity. If you look at the Technical Guidelines for Buildings and Infrastructure Standards for Emerging Infectious Diseases (PIE) Isolation Rooms from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia in 2020, at least the air temperature of residential rooms can reach an air temperature of 24 ± 20°C, with a relative humidity of 60%, so that fresh air is fulfilled. Experiments on portable humidifiers using single and double condensers from a refrigeration system provide design data on the need for air temperature and humidity for isolation rooms in simple residential houses. The standard temperature can be reached in a portable humidifier with a single condenser, namely 26-28°C. However, the humidity is still relatively high, at 80%, so bacteria can survive. However, when the air temperature in the lowest section (evaporator) is conditioned (10, 15, and 20°C), the air temperature exceeds the standard limit (39,38°C), even though the humidity is very low, reaching 34%. In experiments using a double condenser, the standard temperature and humidity can be said to be achieved; the temperature is 31°C, and the humidity is at 67%.
Family perceptions and efforts in preventing malnutrition (stunting) health problems in children in mandailing natal regency
Authors: Nasution Siti Saidah
Published: February 2025

Stunting is a chronic issue of malnutrition in children, caused by prolonged inadequate nutritional intake and the provision of food that does not meet their dietary needs. Family perceptions of stunting are closely related to the treatment approaches and efforts to address the problem. Madina Regency, located in North Sumatra, is one of the regions with a high prevalence of stunting. This study aimed to examine the perceptions of families and communities in the Mandailing Natal district regarding stunting and identify the efforts to prevent stunting in children. The study population consisted of all families in the Madina Regency area with children under five. A total of 265 respondents participated in the study. Data were collected using a questionnaire that included sections on demographic data, family perceptions, and preventive efforts. The data were analyzed using univariate frequency distributions and presented as percentages. The results revealed that 85 respondents (32.07%) had positive perceptions of stunting, while 180 respondents (67.93%) exhibited negative perceptions. Regarding family efforts to prevent stunting, 47 respondents (17.74%) were categorized as making reasonable efforts, 98 respondents (26.98%) as making moderate efforts, and 120 respondents (45.28%) as making insufficient efforts. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions, such as counselling and educational programs for families, to improve awareness and promote practical actions to prevent stunting. The predominance of negative perceptions and insufficient efforts underscores the importance of health education initiatives in addressing this critical issue.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Abdul-Rahman Nana-Hawwa , Snyderman Carl H.
Published: February 2025

Objective This study aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) following endoscopic endonasal surgery (ESS).

Design Retrospective review from January 2023 to May 2023.

Setting Tertiary academic center.

Participants One hundred EES cases, of which 97 met the inclusion criteria.

Main Outcome Measures The primary outcome was the incidence of PPC. Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to assess preoperative variables, demographics, and respiratory comorbidities; intraoperative variables of surgery and duration of intubation, endotracheal tube (ETT) size, estimated blood loss (EBL), gastric tube use during surgery; postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, and length of hospital stay as predictors of PPC.

Results Ninety-seven patients met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-nine developed PPC including increased oxygen requirement (14.4%), pneumonia (9.3%), atelectasis (3.1%), respiratory failure (2.1%), and pulmonary embolism (2.1%). Sixty-four percent were clinically significant PPC. PPC was associated with age (p < 0.007), longer duration of surgery (p < 0.001), longer duration of intubation (p < 0.001), postoperative intubation (p < 0.001), higher EBL (p = 0.022), and longer length of hospital stay (p < 0.001). There was no significant association between PPC and sex (p = 0.705), body mass index (BMI; p = 0.403), gastric tube presence (p = 0.778), ETT size (p = 0.636), and preoperative history of pulmonary disease (p = 0.403).

Conclusion The incidence of PPC in patients undergoing EES is significant. Targeting perioperative risk factors including age ≥65, duration of intubation, postsurgical intubation status, and intraoperative blood loss should have a meaningful impact on decreasing PPC. The contribution of silent intraoperative aspiration during surgery needs to be investigated further in high-risk patient populations.
Coagulation Abnormalities in Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Franchini Massimo , Mannucci Pier Mannuccio
Published: February 2025

Chronic liver disease is a frequently encountered disorder and a major concern worldwide with a complex pathophysiology, which often affects the hemostatic system. Such alterations, which affect both primary and secondary hemostasis, are heterogenous, including prohemorrhagic (i.e., decreased coagulation factors, increased fibrinolysis, thrombocytopenia, and platelet dysfunction) and prothrombotic (i.e., decreased natural anticoagulants) changes. As a consequence of this unstable balance, patients with liver cirrhosis may experience both hemorrhagic complications and venous thromboembolic events, which are often unpredictable and whose management is particularly challenging for clinicians. This narrative review will address the most recent advances in the pathophysiology of key derangements of hemostasis in patients with chronic liver disease, focusing on their clinical implications and management.
Myofunctional Therapy for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ferreira Lucas Gabriel dos Anjos , Miranda Vanessa Souza Gigoski de , Baseggio Maria Eduarda Pedroso , Marcolino Miriam Allein Zago , Vidor Deisi Cristina Gollo Marques
Published: February 2025

Introduction Given the severity with which obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome can affect the patient's health, many therapies have been presented to minimize the occurrence of episodes of airway obstruction during sleep. Regarding non-invasive and effective methods, orofacial myofunctional therapy (OMT) is an important adjuvant in the clinical treatment.

Objective To verify the effectiveness of OMT in the treatment of adult patients affected by OSA.

Data Synthesis A search strategy was developed with terms adapted to the requirements of the main databases in the health field (PubMed, Cochrane, Embase and secondary databases) to designate the adult OSA population and the OMT intervention. The analysis of the records found was performed by two independent examiners and, at the end, we included five randomized clinical trials that presented the outcome of effectiveness of the OMT verified through the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI).

Conclusion The effectiveness of the OMT in the treatment of adult OSA patients was verified, both alone and in association with other interventions, through the reduction in the AHI and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale.
Aplicações do retalho deltopeitoral na reconstrução de grandes defeitos da cabeça e pescoço: Relato de dois casos
Authors: Saint-Clair José Paulo Guedes , Andrade Alberto Figueiredo , Mendes João Luiz Tavares , Borges Marco Aurélio Vieira , Costa Mayra Joan , Francalacci Renata Lowndes
Published: February 2025

Introdução O retalho deltopeitoral foi descrito pela primeira vez por Aymard em 1917 para a reconstrução do nariz. Todavia, recebeu destaque a partir de 1965, quando Bakamjian começou a utilizar o retalho para reconstruções faringoesofágicas.

Métodos Análise retrospectiva de pacientes operados em 2022. Dentre estes, foram selecionados dois pacientes que foram submetidos à reconstrução cervicofacial com retalho deltopeitoral. Os pacientes foram avaliados em relação à idade, sexo, etiologia da lesão, localização do defeito e número de tempos cirúrgicos realizados por paciente. Foram ainda analisados complicações pós-operatórias e satisfação pessoal dos pacientes.

Resultados Os pacientes foram submetidos à reconstrução da região cervicofacial após ressecção tumoral e ambos necessitaram mais de um tempo cirúrgico para refinamento e transecção do pedículo. Um dos pacientes apresentou deiscência de ferida operatória após o reposicionamento do retalho na área doadora, evoluindo com cicatriz hipertrófica e hipocrômica em relação às áreas adjacentes. Nos dois casos descritos em nosso estudo, optou-se pela confecção do retalho deltopeitoral por fornecer um retalho com pele fina, textura e cor semelhantes à região cervicofacial, pedículo constante e previsível, bom alcance aos defeitos, segurança e reprodutividade do retalho, técnica cirúrgica rápida e sem necessidade de mudança de decúbito no intraoperatório.

Conclusões O retalho deltopeitoral permanece como importante opção de tratamento na reconstrução de grandes defeitos da cabeça e pescoço mesmo após o advento da microcirurgia. Permite a transferência de tecido de forma eficiente e confiável com pequena deformidade na área doadora, possibilitando uma reconstrução esteticamente aceitável.
Catch-22 Situation with Unexpected Reports in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.
Authors: Palla Swetha , Gupta Parikshaa , Trehan Amita
Published: February 2025

Central nervous system (CNS) infections are relatively common among children receiving treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, diagnosing these infections presents challenges. In this report, we present a case of asymptomatic adenoviral meningitis, which presented a diagnostic challenge as it mimicked CNS involvement in a child undergoing treatment for ALL. Our findings underscore the importance of thorough diagnostic evaluation for CNS infections in children undergoing ALL therapy, whether they present with symptoms or exhibit asymptomatic cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis. Furthermore, distinguishing between infections and CNS leukemia is critical, highlighting the necessity of employing flow cytometry to mitigate the potential misinterpretation of morphological features.
Examining students’ understanding of burglary behaviour: a virtual reality, mixed methods approach
Authors: Lunt Robyn , Talbot Matthew
Published: February 2025

Research has highlighted gaps in the publics ‘awareness of burglar behaviour and their perceptions of vulnerability, perhaps indicating a need for further prevention training. No such research exists examining students’ awareness, but is vital given students’ relatively high levels of burglary victimisation. To provide this research, students were asked to complete a mock burglary in a simulated environment, with burglary awareness inferred based on their performance relative to previous experienced burglars. Further context was added by qualitatively analysing participants’ verbalisations during the task. Performance was also compared between first and third year undergraduates to further examine differences in awareness across student populations. No significant differences were found between the behaviour of first and third years. Nevertheless, both groups showed an overall limited understanding of burglary behaviour through their performance and verbalisations. Results demonstrate that raising awareness of victimisation and burglary behaviour is integral to improve the safety of University students.
Critical temperature of a two-band superconductor with account for interband pairing
Authors: Poluéktov Yu. M.
Published: February 2025

Dependence of the critical temperature of a superconductor with two overlapping conduction bands on the band filling is considered. The electrons are assumed to have parabolic dispersion laws and to interact within a layer near the Fermi surface. For superconductors with interband Cooper pairing the superconducting transition temperature as a function of the carrier density is nonmonotonic and resembles the analogous dependence in high-temperature superconductors.
Oxygen in pores and internal friction in high-temperature superconductors
Authors: Leont’eva A. V. , Marinin G. A. , Prokhorov A. Yu. , Svistunov V. M. , Stepanchuk L. V. , Sukharevskii B. Ya.
Published: February 2025

It has been shown that in the case of porous (∼ 10%) samples of HTSC compounds (YBa2Cu3Ox and La2−xSrxCuO4) the temperature dependence of the low-frequency internal friction (LFIF) reveal extra peaks caused most likely by phase transitions in the oxygen condensed in closed pores. The oxygen pressure in these pores in a gas-like state is estimated to be ∼ 1000 atm. The corresponding number of O2 molecules ensures filling of the pores by condensed oxygen at low temperatures. It is established that owing to oxygen adsorption on the surface of open pores, the LFIF background is substantially enhanced in measurements performed in an oxygen environment as compared to measurements in vacuum. A hypothesis has been formulated that the oxygen pressure in closed pores and its adsorption on surfaces of open pores can be the source of critical current deterioration caused by interrupted intergrain contacts.
On two symmetry modifications of DyBa2Cu3Ox HTSC single crystals
Authors: Zavadskii É. A. , Kamenev V. I. , Malyshev E. N. , Tsymbal L. T. , Cherkasov A. N.
Published: February 2025

Under oxygen enrichment the initially nonsuperconducting DyBa2Cu3Ox single crystal (αT0 = 3.876 Å, cT0= 11.824 Å) has been found to undergo a transformation to a stable heterogeneous state including two modifications, the usual rhombic one (αR = 3.844 Å, bR = 3.895 Å) and a new tetragonal one (αT = αT0 = 3.876 Å) with coincident parameter c = cR = cT = 11.729 Å≠cT0. A possible formation mechanism of the heterogeneous state, viz., deformation-blocked rhombic phase nucleation, is suggested.
Observation and study of local metastable excitations in rare gas cryocrystals by electron spin resonance
Authors: Zhitnikov R. A. , Dmitriev Yu. A. , Kaimakov M. E.
Published: February 2025

Using the ESR method we have detected and studied unstable paramagnetic excited states formed when products of a gas discharge are captured in a condensing cryocrystal. These paramagnetic centers have been interpreted as metastable 3P2 rare gas atoms which move from the discharge to the growing cryocrystal, become trapped there, and then experience an anisotropic electric field of the crystal environment distorted by this center. It is established that with low gas flow rates to the substrate, the nature and basic characteristics of these centers are the same in the cryocrystals of all the rare gases (Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe). We used the radio-frequency ESR line saturation method to determine the lower boundary for the lifetime τ of the excited states. These lifetime values are found to be for one type of center in the interval 10−1s >τ > 10−4s, and for another type in the interval 10−1s> τ > 10−2s. Thus, we have apparently detected the most long-lived excited state in rare gas cryocrystals. We found that an additional inert gas flow directed onto the surface so as to bypass the gas discharge affects the efficiency of formation of the unstable centers. Depending on the nature of the rare gas used in the two flows the second flow can either reduce or enhance this efficiency. An assumption is suggested concerning a possible source for the above effect from the auxiliary flow.
Vibrational structure of absorption spectrum of 2,5-bis(2-benzoxazolyl)hydroquinon
Authors: Syetov Y. , Kyrpa Ye.
Published: February 2025

2,5-bis(2-benzoxazolyl)hydroquinone is an organic compound that undergoes intramolecular proton transfer in the excited state. The vibrational structure of the UV-Vis absorption bands of 2,5-bis(2-benzoxazolyl)hydroquinone is calculated for the first and second excited state transitions using the Franck–Condon approximation and the harmonic model for vibrations. It is found that the use of normal modes obtained with the ωB97X-D3 density functional gives good agreement with the vibronic pattern of the experimental spectrum, while the calculations overestimate the energy of the electronic transitions. The normal vibrations of the molecule, which show a large intensity of the vibronic transition, are determined.
Exploring the interplay between distributed wind generators and solar photovoltaic systems
Authors: Jones C. Birk , Fragkos Georgios , Darbali-Zamora Rachid
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the spatial and temporal dynamics of wind and solar energy generation across the continental United States, focusing on energy availability, reliability, variability, and cooperation. Using data from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, we analyze the performance of wind turbines and photovoltaic systems, revealing distinct patterns in energy production and reliability. The classification of wind and solar zones based on energy availability and reliability provides valuable insights for renewable energy planning and grid integration strategies. Overall, this methodology contributes to understanding wind and solar interactions, which will lead to informing effective renewable energy deployment and grid integration efforts.
A novel tri-pass receiver design for parabolic trough collectors: Experimental investigation and thermal analysis
Authors: Otmani Abdessalam , Benmehidi Nadia , Seradg Eddine Guedri Mohamed , Khatir Kalb Eddine , Said KAHALERAS Mohamed
Published: February 2025

One of the main challenges of solar parabolic trough collectors (PTCs) is their requirement for large land areas. To address this, a novel tri-pass receiver design has been experimentally developed, which is less sensitive to misalignments, easy to fabricate, maintain, and repair. First of all, the testbed thermal and optical efficiencies were evaluated. The PTC testbed comprises a polished stainless-steel reflector with a 44% optical efficiency integrated into a supervisory control and data acquisition system. No-load tests were initially performed, followed by an in-load test. These tests took place in North Africa, precisely in the northeast of Algeria. Initial experiments revealed a low PTC thermal efficiency of 20%. To address this issue, five different receiver configurations were manufactured, tested, and compared. the reference configuration is an uncoated copper tube. Therefore, a single black-coated copper tube receiver achieved a 27% increase in thermal efficiency. A bypass black-coated receiver showed a significant improvement, achieving 71% thermal efficiency. However, a three black-coated receiver with two centralized tubes experienced a 12% decrease in thermal efficiency. Yet, the three black-coated receiver with one central tube achieved the highest thermal efficiency of 85% due to the triangular pitch arrangement, which effectively focuses solar rays on the central tube while capturing deviated rays with the backside tubes. The no-load test determined the optimal fluid path for this configuration, ensuring smooth progression from preheating to heating as the fluid moved through increasingly hotter tubes. The in-load test confirmed the receiver's effectiveness.
Single-shot diffractive spectrometer for photonic orbital angular momentum
Authors: Huang Yanwei , Zhang Hanxiao , Liu Tao , Lin Angyi , Zhang Fucai
Published: February 2025

Vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) provide an infinite degree-of-freedom and hold high potential in various applications, from high-capacity optical communication to diagnosis of materials with chirality. Quantitative spatial spectrum analysis of OAM modes is essential for these applications, yet it is still a challenge to obtain the OAM spectrum under short-wavelength systems such as extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and x-ray. Here, we introduce a simple single-shot diffractive method that can reconstruct arbitrary helical wavefront and quantitatively decompose individual OAM modes. There is no need to conduct any calibration associated with the beam to be measured; the only prior knowledge required is the transmission function of a random diffusing wavefront modulator. Experimental results show that this method can retrieve the spectrum of arbitrary OAM modes with intermodal crosstalk lower than −16.91 dB for topological charge greater than 50. The proof-of-concept visible light experiments of multiplexing and demultiplexing of OAM modes showed its potential applications in laser communication and metrology. Given the simplicity of lens-less system setup, the single-shot capability, and its suitability for arbitrary OAM modes, we envision it setting up a brand-new diffractive solution for structured wavefront analysis over a broad spectral range, from visible light to EUV, x-ray, and even electron beam.
Graph-theoretic approach and bifurcation analysis of skill acquisition and its effect on unemployment
Authors: Misra A. K. , Upadhayay Ashutosh , Kumari Mamta , Maurya Jyoti
Published: February 2025

In developing countries, the informal sector plays a crucial role in employing unskilled labor workforce and contributes significantly to economic growth. Informal sector also facilitates skill acquisition, which enhances workers’ employability. This research work presents a dynamical model examining how skilled individuals in the informal sector influence unemployment dynamics. The model considers unemployed persons (both unskilled and skilled) and employed persons as dynamic variables. We analyze the feasibility and stability of all equilibria for the proposed dynamical system. A quantity R0, analogous to the basic reproductive ratio in epidemic models, is derived. We also demonstrate the existence of various bifurcations, including transcritical, saddle-node, Hopf, and Bogdanov–Takens bifurcations. Additionally, we apply a graph-theoretical approach to analyze unemployment patterns and connections within the labor workforce. This provides insights into the structure and dynamics of unemployment networks, complementing the dynamical system’s analysis. By combining dynamical system’s theory with graph theory, this study provides a comprehensive, multi-dimensional understanding of unemployment dynamics in developing economies characterized by substantial informal sector.
Phonon dynamics in 3D quasicrystals versus amorphous solids
Authors: Cao Lin-Li , Zhao Kun , Wang Yun-Jiang
Published: February 2025

Quasicrystals (QCs) possess a unique long-range quasi-periodic order distinct from both crystalline and amorphous solids. The vibrational properties of QCs remain poorly unexplored. Here, we employed classical molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the phonon dynamics of a 3D single-component icosahedral QC model and a Kob–Andersen (KA) glass model. By comparing the vibrational density of state (VDOS), phonon dispersion, and phonon lifetime, we elucidate the impact of structural order on the phonon dynamics. Although QC shows similar phonon dynamics to amorphous solid rather than crystals, our findings reveal significant differences between the two systems. The VDOS of the QC exhibits a double-peak feature and a “fake” boson peak compared to the KA glass. The phonon dispersion in the QC displays more pronounced elastic anisotropy, with well-defined transverse and longitudinal modes, unlike the more isotropic dispersion in the KA glass. Moreover, the correlation between the transverse phonon linewidth and the structure factor, observed in the KA glass, is absent in the QC. Phonon lifetimes in the QC are generally longer than in the KA glass, with a faster decay rate. This comparative study highlights the distinctive vibrational properties of 3D QCs, emphasizing the role of structural order in determining phonon behaviors in solids.
Electro-chemo-mechanical deterioration of high-dose electron irradiated Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 electrolyte
Authors: Dong Yingjie , Niu Yunhan , Shi Haiting , Wu Xianyan , Li Hao , Liang Yaohui , Xu Zhiwei
Published: February 2025

Solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) hold promises for aerospace and satellite applications, owing to their high-voltage and low-temperature stability. However, concerns about electrochemical degradation under high-energy radiation hinder their widespread use in space. To this end, a NASICON-type Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) electrolyte with high ionic conductivity at room temperature was selected, and the effects of high-dose electron irradiation on the microstructure as well as electrochemical and mechanical properties of electrolyte were investigated by using neutron powder diffraction (NPD), NPD stress analysis, micro-computed tomography, nanoindentation, and XRD residual stress test. It was confirmed that LATP SSEs held good resistance to irradiation at absorbed doses of 1 and 2 MGy with negligibly performance degradation, while irradiation at high doses induced a rapid decrease in the Young modulus and hardness of SSEs and introduced a tensile stress of 65.79 MPa at up to 10 MGy absorbed dose, which increased the cracking tendency and the risk of lithium dendrite growth in the solid-state electrolyte. NPD revealed that the reduction of lithium vacancies at the M1 site of the irradiated SSEs was the critical factor for the ion transport performance degradation. This is evidenced by a significant increase in impedance, up to 453 Ω, and an increase in the activation energy for ion transport to 0.501 eV.
Crystal structure manipulation to achieve better thermoelectric performance in Te-substituted GeSe
Authors: Vishvakarma Srashti , Mandal Soham , Srivastava Ashutosh , Singh Abhishek Kumar , Maiti Prabal K. , Mallik Ramesh Chandra
Published: February 2025

GeSe has recently gained attention for its structural similarity to SnSe, an excellent thermoelectric material. However, for the orthorhombic GeSe, the maximum zT is limited to ∼0.2 at 700 K. A significant improvement in the thermoelectric performance is observed when GeSe is stabilized in a rhombohedral or cubic structure; thus, the crystal structure plays an important role in GeSe for improved zT. In this study, we investigated the structural transitions and thermoelectric properties of Te-substituted GeSe. Increasing Te substitution in GeSe1-xTex (x = 0.00–0.50) induces a transition from orthorhombic to rhombohedral crystal structure at ambient conditions with the maximum zT ∼ 0.58 observed in rhombohedral GeSe0.6Te0.4 at 573 K. The improved thermoelectric performance in the rhombohedral phase is due to a concurrent increase in the power factor and a decrease in lattice thermal conductivity. The phonon dispersion calculation tells that the high-frequency optical phonon modes significantly increase the phonon–phonon scattering for the rhombohedral phase, enhancing the lattice anharmonicity and reducing the lattice thermal conductivity. This behavior aligns with the presence of metavalent bonding in rhombohedral GeSe. Additionally, peak broadening observed in the Raman spectra of the rhombohedral phase indicates pronounced lattice anharmonicity and phonon modes softening due to the metavalent bond character.
High temperature melting of dense molecular hydrogen from machine-learning interatomic potentials trained on quantum Monte Carlo
Authors: Goswami Shubhang , Jensen Scott , Yang Yubo , Holzmann Markus , Pierleoni Carlo , Ceperley David M.
Published: February 2025

We present results and discuss methods for computing the melting temperature of dense molecular hydrogen using a machine learned model trained on quantum Monte Carlo data. In this newly trained model, we emphasize the importance of accurate total energies in the training. We integrate a two phase method for estimating the melting temperature with estimates from the Clausius–Clapeyron relation to provide a more accurate melting curve from the model. We make detailed predictions of the melting temperature, solid and liquid volumes, latent heat, and internal energy from 50 to 180 GPa for both classical hydrogen and quantum hydrogen. At pressures of roughly 173 GPa and 1635 K, we observe molecular dissociation in the liquid phase. We compare with previous simulations and experimental measurements.
Construction of Ni–P/TiO2 Schottky heterojunction via photo-deposition to enhance photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity
Authors: Sun Yuxin , Li Jinhua , Wang Zhiying , Cai Lu , Tan Fengxue
Published: February 2025

Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) is sustainable and environmentally friendly. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is commonly chosen as a photocatalyst of PHE due to its non-toxicity, robust stability, and superior photocatalytic activity. However, the efficacy of TiO2 is restricted by rapid electron–hole pair recombination, limited electron mobility, and sluggish surface reactions. To address these issues, we have synthesized a Ni–P alloy onto the surface of TiO2 (Ni–P/TiO2) using a safe and efficient photo-deposition method, thereby constructing a Schottky heterojunction photocatalyst. The construction of the heterojunction significantly reduces the recombination rates of photoinduced electron–hole pairs and enhances the charge transfer rates within the photocatalyst. Additionally, the incorporation of the Ni–P alloy increases the density of oxygen vacancies, providing abundant active sites for the reduction reaction. The metallic properties of the Ni–P alloy improve the overall light absorption capacity. As a result, Ni–P/TiO2 exhibits exceptional photocatalytic hydrogen production capability. When the mass ratio of the Ni–P alloy to TiO2 is 12 wt. %, the hydrogen evolution rate reaches its maximum value at 1654.2 μmol g−1 h−1. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations substantiate that the formation of an internal electric field between the Ni–P alloy and TiO2 facilitates electron migration and carrier separation. This investigation provides a promising strategy for constructing TiO2-based Schottky heterojunctions to improve the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance.
Experimental study on splashing, spreading, and air entrapment dynamics in droplet impacts onto micrometric ramps, pyramids, and staggered cubes
Authors: Palmetshofer Patrick , Weigand Bernhard
Published: February 2025

While droplet impacts on micrometric cuboids or cylinders have been studied frequently, the effects of other structure shapes remain less understood. Here, we study water and isopropanol droplet impacts onto microstructured surfaces with surface features shaped as pyramids, ramps, and staggered cubes while varying the inherent surface wettability between superhydrophilicity and hydrophobicity. The surface structures feature characteristic sizes between 20 and 100 μm while the impact Weber numbers of the impacting droplets range between 90 and 1200. We show how the surface structures can affect the droplet impact morphologies asymmetrically. Crown splashing is increased in directions on ramps on the diagonals where fluid can flow “up the ramps,” while pyramids and staggered cubes show more classical behavior. Additionally, the wetting shapes are reported using a total internal reflection view. While the maximum spreading diameters for cases in which a receding motion is observed are still well predicted by existing correlations, the structures can affect the shape of the spread region significantly. Furthermore, the structures can lead to heterogeneous dewetting on pyramids and ramps. Finally, air entrapment characteristics during the droplet impacts are compared and it is found that for ramps, air is mostly entrapped behind the tops of the ramps, while in pyramids gaps in air entrapments are seen in regions where splashing is observed.