bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GPS – Zenith Total Delay assimilation in different resolution simulations of a heavy precipitation event over southern France
Authors: Caldas-Álvarez Alberto , Khodayar Samiro , Bock Olivier
Published: June 2017

Abstract. The aim of this study is to investigate the different pathways of the interaction between an improved atmospheric moisture distribution by Data Assimilation (DA) of Global Positioning System Zenith Total Delays (GPS-ZTD) on the simulation of a selected Heavy Precipitation Event (HPE) across different model horizontal resolutions (7 km, 2.8 km and 500 m). The initiation and evolution of deep moist convection and heavy precipitation taking place on the 24 September 2012, which had a dedicated Intensive Observation Period (IOP6) during the Hydrological cycle in the Mediterranean eXperiment (HyMeX) Special Observation period 1, are analysed. The results show an improvement in the representation of the Integrated Water Vapour (IWV) spatial distribution and temporal evolution when the data assimilation is applied as well as through the refinement of the model grids. However, important discrepancies between the simulated and the observed vertical profiles of humidity still remain after the DA, thus affecting the representation of convection and heavy precipitation. For the presented case study, the model simulations exhibited a wet bias. The assimilation entailed a drying of the low to middle troposphere over the study region during the 6 h prior to the storm initiation for every horizontal resolution. This reduced the instability present at the moment of storm initiation, weakening in return the intensity of convection and the number of cells triggered. The improvement observed in the atmospheric moisture content and distribution was not followed by an improved precipitation representation closer to observations. This highlights the relevance of correctly distributing the assimilated IWV in the vertical direction in the models.
High-resolution modelling of atmospheric dispersion of dense gas using TWODEE-2.1: application to the 1986 Lake Nyos limnic eruption
Authors: Folch Arnau , Barcons Jordi , Kozono Tomofumi , Costa Antonio
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Atmospheric dispersal of a gas denser than air can threat the environment and surrounding communities if the terrain and meteorological conditions favour its accumulation in topographic depressions, thereby reaching toxic concentration levels. Numerical modelling of atmospheric gas dispersion constitutes a useful tool for gas hazard assessment studies, essential for planning risk mitigation actions. In complex terrains, microscale winds and local orographic features can have a strong influence on the gas cloud behaviour, potentially leading to inaccurate results if not captured by coarser-scale modelling. We introduce a methodology for microscale wind field characterisation based on transfer functions that couple a mesoscale numerical weather prediction model with a microscale computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for the atmospheric boundary layer. The resulting time-dependent high-resolution microscale wind field is used as input for a shallow-layer gas dispersal model (TWODEE-2.1) to simulate the time evolution of CO2 gas concentration at different heights above the terrain. The strategy is applied to review simulations of the 1986 Lake Nyos event in Cameroon, where a huge CO2 cloud released by a limnic eruption spread downslopes from the lake, suffocating thousands of people and animals across the Nyos and adjacent secondary valleys. Besides several new features introduced in the new version of the gas dispersal code (TWODEE-2.1), we have also implemented a novel impact criterion based on the percentage of human fatalities depending on CO2 concentration and exposure time. New model results are quantitatively validated using the reported percentage of fatalities at several locations. The comparison with previous simulations that assumed coarser-scale steady winds and topography illustrates the importance of high-resolution modelling in complex terrains.
Three-dimensional hydrodynamic lake simulations of avalanche-generated impulse wave dynamics for potential GLOF scenarios at Lake Palcacocha, Peru
Authors: Chisolm Rachel E. , McKinney Daene C.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. This paper studies the lake dynamics for avalanche-triggered glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) in the Cordillera Blanca mountain range in Ancash, Peru. As new glacial lakes emerge and existing lakes continue to grow, they pose an increasing risk of GLOFs that can be catastrophic to the communities living downstream. In this work, Lake Palcacocha is used as a case study to analyze the upper watershed processes that typically comprise a GLOF event, specifically the lake dynamics when an avalanche produces a large tsunami-like wave that might overtop and erode the lake-damming moraine. Dynamics of avalanche-generated impulse waves were investigated through three-dimensional hydrodynamic lake simulations of potential GLOF scenarios at Lake Palcacocha, Peru. Wave generation from avalanche impact was simulated using two different boundary condition methods. Representation of an avalanche as water flowing into the lake generally resulted in higher peak flows and overtopping volumes than simulating the avalanche impact as mass-momentum inflow at the lake boundary. Three different scenarios of avalanche size were simulated for the current lake conditions, and all resulted in significant overtopping of the lake-damming moraine. The lake model was evaluated for sensitivity to turbulence model and grid resolution, and the uncertainty due to these model parameters is significantly less than that due to avalanche boundary condition characteristics. Although the lake model introduces significant uncertainty, the avalanche portion of the GLOF process chain is the greatest source of uncertainty. To aid in evaluation of hazard mitigation alternatives, two scenarios of lake lowering were investigated. While large avalanches produced significant overtopping waves for all lake-lowering scenarios, simulations suggest that it may be possible to contain waves generated from smaller avalanches if the surface of the lake is lowered.
Measuring snow water equivalent from common offset GPR records through migration velocity analysis
Authors: St. Clair James , Holbrook W. Steven
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Many mountainous regions depend on seasonal snowfall for their water resources. Current methods of predicting the availability of water resources rely on the long-term relationship between stream discharge and snow pack monitoring at isolated locations, which are less reliable during abnormal snow years. Ground-penetrating-radar (GPR) has been shown to be an effective tool for measuring snow water equivalent (SWE) because of the close relationship between snow density and radar velocity. However, the standard methods of measuring radar velocity can be time consuming. Here we apply a migration focusing method originally developed for extracting velocity information from diffracted energy observed in zero-offset seismic sections to the problem of estimating radar velocities in seasonal snow from common-offset GPR data. Diffractions are isolated by plane-wave-destruction filtering and the optimal migration velocity is chosen based on the varimax norm of the migrated image. We then use the radar velocity to estimate snow density, depth, and SWE. The GPR derived SWE estimates are within 3 % of manual SWE measurements when the GPR antenna is coupled to the snow surface and 18 % of the manual measurements when the antenna is mounted on the front of a snowmobile ~ 0.5 meters above the snow surface.
El acceso y la atención sanitaria como reivindicaciones socio-políticas. Reconstruyendo la salud global desde los márgenes
Authors: Nuño Martínez Néstor
Published: June 2017

A interpelación de organismos nacionales e internacionales, las organizaciones no gubernamentales y de base que asisten a las waria —travestis femeninos— de la ciudad indonesia de Jogjakarta han orientado la totalidad de sus programas hacia la prevención y tratamiento del VIH. A raíz de un reciente proyecto de capacitación en materia de gestión asociativa, diversos grupos de waria se han establecido como instituciones autónomas, iniciando procesos de reivindicación y negociación socio-política enfocados a la obtención de acceso y atención sanitaria gratuitos. A través de un análisis de las diferentes motivaciones y consecuencias que subyacen a estos procesos, este artículo busca refutar y repensar las dinámicas que actualmente preponderan en el campo de la salud global, caracterizadas por construir y presentar la lucha contra el VIH y la Malaria como las imperiosas prioridades médicas en el Sur Global.
Centro de material e esterilização e o papel fundamental e amplo na qualidade da atenção.
Authors: Stempliuk Valeska
Published: June 2017

Editorial
Oxigenoterapia relacionada com a saturação periférica de oxigênio em pacientes na sala de recuperação anestésica
Authors: Maciel Breno Lopes , Nunes Fiama Chagas , Pereira Nathália Haib Costa , Nascimento Prince Daiane Felizardo Silva , Periañez Carlos Alberto Henao , Caetano Érica Patrícia Souza , Nakagawa Larissa Maria Spanó , Simino Giovana Paula Rezende , Mattia Ana Lucia de
Published: June 2017

Objetivo: Analisar a saturação periférica de oxigênio na utilização da oxigenoterapia na primeira hora de pacientes em sala de recuperaçãopós-anestésica. Método: Estudo comparativo, prospectivo e quantitativo, em um hospital federal localizado em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. A amostrafoi constituída por 60 adultos, distribuídos em dois grupos, sem ou com oxigenoterapia, e teve como um dos critérios de inclusão a saturação periféricade oxigênio maior ou igual a 95% na entrada da sala de recuperação pós-anestésica. Resultados: Completados 60 minutos, 5 pacientes sem oxigenoterapia(16,7%) e 2 pacientes com oxigenoterapia (6,7%) apresentavam hipoxemia leve. Houve diferença marginalmente significativa entre os doisgrupos para a saturação periférica de oxigênio normal (p=0,0563) e hipoxemia leve (p=0,0578). Conclusão: É importante a implantação de protocolosde recepção de pacientes na sala de recuperação pós-anestésica, incluindo a oxigenoterapia, com o objetivo de manter a saturação periférica de oxigênio,minimizando as complicações da hipoxemia.
Implementação de orientações de enfermagem aos pacientes pré‑operatórios de cirurgia cardíaca em meio digital
Authors: Almeida Patrícia Silveira , Pellanda Lucia Campos , Caregnato Rita Catalina Aquino , De Souza Emiliane Nogueira
Published: June 2017

Objetivo: Analisar a implementação das orientações de enfermagem aos pacientes pré‑operatórios de cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio em meio digital. Método: Estudo de intervenção realizado em hospital de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, utilizando método gerencial de processos, que tem como características: planejar, executar, verificar e avaliar. De agosto a setembro de 2015, os pacientes receberam orientações pré‑cirúrgicas por meio de um tablet. Resultados: Após orientações fornecidas, pacientes e enfermeiros avaliaram o uso da estratégia. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva. Foram incluídos 27 pacientes, com idade média de 63,14±10,87 anos. Todos afirmaram ter aprendido mais a respeito da cirurgia e sobre o seu preparo. Também foram inseridas quatro enfermeiras, e todas afirmaram que a utilização do recurso audiovisual padronizou as informações transmitidas aos pacientes. Conclusão: A utilização do tablet favoreceu o entendimento dos pacientes pré‑cirúrgicos de cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio e padronizou as orientações pré‑operatórias de enfermagem.
A educação permanente no treinamento do enfermeiro de centro cirúrgico: revisão integrativa
Authors: Ribeiro Mariangela Belmonte
Published: June 2017

Objetivos: Identificar, na literatura, como é realizada a educação permanente do enfermeiro de Centro Cirúrgico (CC) e sugerir um roteiro detreinamento. Método: Revisão integrativa de artigos alojados na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e no Google Acadêmico entre 2002 e 2015. Foramutilizados os descritores controlados: educação em enfermagem, educação continuada, capacitação em serviço e CC. Resultados: A busca permitiu aescolha de 14 artigos que abordaram 4 temas principais: a educação continuada ou permanente como importante desenvolvimento para a capacitaçãoem relação aos processos e à tecnologia; o enfermeiro como educador e pesquisador; avaliação do ensino aprendizagem; e a educação a distância (EaD)como importante ferramenta para treinamento do enfermeiro de CC. Conclusão: Conclui-se que os estudos voltados para o treinamento do enfermeirode CC são realizados na EAD; e foi apontada a importância do treinamento in loco seguindo um roteiro proposto.
Cardiac headache in acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Tran Phillip , Ziffra Robert , Nguyen Hoai V. , Losee Selena M.
Published: June 2017

Acute coronary syndrome may present in a wide distribution of symptoms. The classic presentation includes substernal chest pain, neck pain, dyspnea or syncope. In patients with coronary risk factors who present with headaches, acute coronary syndrome is rare, but has been previously reported. We describe a case of 63-year-old female who presented with a severe headache and developed a Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction.
Japan’s Yen Loan, Prerequisite to Mass FDI from Japan
Authors: Oishi Kikuo
Published: June 2017

Japan initiated the TICAD process in 1993. In 2016, it was held for the 6th time in Kenya, where Japan promised to invest USD 30 billion in the African continent by 2019. Examining the relationship between ODA and FDI from Japan for the case of Asia, it was clear that Japanese ODA results in a “vanguard effect” on FDI; yen loan, one of the types of ODA, helped the recipient Asian countries to attract three times larger FDI than the total amount of yen loans. In order to attract increased FDI from Japan, African countries need to win yen loans from Japan if wishing to get more Japanese FDI. Although Japan’s tied aid projects can facilitate Japanese companies’ expansion to the recipient countries, it is crucial for them to take into account the OECD-DAC rules. Specifically, upper middle income countries are not eligible for tied loans. Also it is beneficial to keep in mind Japan’s priorities for yen loan such as Global Environmental Problems and Climate Change, Health/Medical Care and Services, Disaster Prevention and Reduction and Human Resource Development. In addition, Japan’s new national effort to export high quality infrastructure (for example, by the Japan Overseas Infrastructure Investment Corporation for Transport and Urban Development (JOIN)) can benefit African countries that urgently need to upgrade urban infrastructure.
Global implementation of advanced urological care: Policy implementation research
Authors: Stothers Lynn , Macnab Andrew
Published: June 2017

Introduction: In high-resource countries, modern treatments for urological diseases have led to significant reductions in mortality and morbidity; however, the benefits of modern treatment have yet to reach the majority of people worldwide. As attention is focused on improving urological care in the global community, policy and implementation research (PIR) offers a platform for effective organization and engagement. Methods: We have compiled a photo essay to illustrate the fundamental components of PIR. Results: There are four central components to the conduct of PIR. These are: 1) understanding the unique characteristics of the environment; 2) studying the implementation processes that fit within the environment; 3) testing innovative and novel ways to implement; and 4) programmatic implementation and scale-up. Conclusions: PIR is a process that will help to identify, quantify, prioritize, and implement translation of modern methods of care to meet specific global needs.
Testosterone monitoring for men with advanced prostate cancer: Review of current practices and a survey of Canadian physicians
Authors: Shayegan Bobby , Pouliot Frédéric , So Alan , Fernandes John , Macri Joseph
Published: June 2017

Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is a standard of care in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer; however, testosterone monitoring practices for men undergoing ADT vary across Canada. Although a testosterone level of 1.7 nmol/L or lower has historically been defined as the accepted castrate level, newer assays with improved sensitivity have shown that both medical and surgical castration can suppress testosterone levels to below 0.7 nmol/L. This review explores the evidence supporting a redefinition of the castrate testosterone level as 0.7 nmol/L or lower, and presents results of a survey of testosterone monitoring practices among 153 Canadian urologists, uro-oncologists, and radiation oncologists who manage the treatment of men with hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.
Medicolegal basics and update on transvaginal mesh in Canada
Authors: Hengel Brock , Welk Blayne , Baverstock Richard J.
Published: June 2017

In recent years, midurethral slings (MUS) and transvaginal mesh procedures have experienced blazing growth and popularity. However, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Health Canada regulatory advisories threw water on that fire and created a confusing environment surrounding their continued usage. MUS usage has continued in Canada and transvaginal mesh kits for pelvic organ prolapse have become a rarity. Several large organizations (the Society of Urodynamics, Female Pelvic Medicine and Urogenital Reconstruction [SUFU], the American Urogynecologic Society [AUGS], and the Canadian Urological Association [CUA]) have developed “mesh statements” to clarify the issues surrounding mesh for patients and medical professionals; however, often the legal system sees things differently in either individual cases or class action lawsuits. In this update, some medicolegal basics are outlined and Canadian context on legal proceedings are highlighted. This summary does not constitute legal advice and physicians should contact experts in legal matters for help with consents, complaints, litigation, or questions.
The management of mixed urinary incontinence in women
Authors: Welk Blayne , Baverstock Richard J.
Published: June 2017

Mixed urinary incontinence is a common diagnosis among women with urinary leakage and is often present in women who are unable to characterize their incontinence. Research and optimized clinical treatment of these patients is limited by the challenges in objectively defining and stratifying this population. The evaluation of these patients should follow the same general principles as any assessment of any women with incontinence; however, it is essential to define whether urge or stress incontinence is the predominant symptom. Urodynamics (UDS) may be helpful in this regard and may help predict surgical outcomes. Behavioural therapy, weight loss, and pelvic floor muscle therapy are usually appropriate initial management strategies. In postmenopausal women, vaginal estrogen can be considered, and in women with equal parts stress and urge incontinence or urge-predominant mixed incontinence, a trial of anticholinergics or beta-3 agonists is appropriate. In women with stress-predominant or equal parts stress and urge incontinence, stress incontinence surgery can be considered, with the caveat that outcomes are generally worse among women with more severe levels of urgency, success rates may not be as durable, and a significant proportion of women may need additional medical therapy.
Choosing the right sling for your patient
Authors: Steele Stephen S. , Bailly Gregory G.
Published: June 2017

Recent data has demonstrated a one in five lifetime risk of a woman requiring stress urinary incontinence (SUI) surgery. Currently, most women opt for a synthetic midurethral sling (MUS), with over 3.6 million placed worldwide. This article attempts to identify whether a gold standard exists with regards to surgical correction of female SUI.When considering which sling type to use for which incontinent woman, the published data demonstrates excellent results for both synthetic mesh (retropubic or transobturator routes) and fascial pubovaginal slings for most patients. Intrinsic sphincter deficiency does appear to be better treated with the use of a retropubic approach, although still with less than stellar results. With little to differentiate, the treatment of most female SUI may be solely based on which sling the surgeon feels most comfortable performing. Currently, most urologists and gynecologists favour synthetic MUS over fascial slings in surgical-naïve patients; however, recent U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warnings concerning the use of mesh in transvaginal surgery have patients questioning the safety of synthetic MUS for the treatment of SUI.
Prevention, diagnosis, and management of midurethral mesh sling complications
Authors: Hengel A. Ross , Carlson Kevin V. , Baverstock Richard J.
Published: June 2017

Midurethral slings (MUS) are a proven effective treatment option for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and have become the gold standard in most centres in North America. MUS implantation can be associated with risks that are common to all anti-incontinence surgeries, and others which are unique. This article reviews the intraoperative and the early and late postoperative risks associated with these procedures, with insights into their prevention, diagnosis, and management drawn from the literature and expert opinion. In most cases, careful patient counselling before and after surgery, along with meticulous surgical technique, can mitigate risk and patient concern. Even in the best of hands, however, complications will occur, so surgeons must have a high index of suspicion and a low threshold to investigate.
Exploring the Rhetorical Use of Interactional Metadiscourse: A Comparison of Letters to Shareholders of American and Chinese Financial Companies
Authors: Xiaoqin Liu
Published: June 2017

By taking Hyland and Tse’s (2004) interactional metadiscourse model, this study attempts to compare the incidence of the interactional metadiscourse markers in letters to shareholders of American and Chinese companies in the financial industry and their rhetorical functions. This study makes American corpus of 41 letters and Chinese corpus of 37 letters both of which are written in English. WordSmith is adopted to find out the differences in incidence of these markers. Chi-square test further confirms these differences are significant. It is consequently found that five types of interactional metadiscourse markers are all deployed in both American and Chinese corpus but the incidence of each marker is much more in American corpus than that in Chinese corpus. Besides, this study identifies that self-mentions and engagement markers are the most frequently employed in both corpora. However, it is noticeable that self-mentions and engagement markers collaborate with another three types of markers more tactically and flexibly in American corpus than in Chinese. In particular, self-mentions markers are found to use with not only boosters, but hedges and engagement markers in American corpus, while self-mentions markers in Chinese corpus only collaborate with hedges. In addition, the engagement markers of model verbs and personal pronouns are more active in American corpus than these in Chinese. This study finds out American companies integrate these markers into building a positive personal or corporate image and closing writer-reader relationship, thereby accomplishing the promotional and persuasive purposes. It may suggest that Chinese companies employ the integration of interactional metadiscourse markers as strategically as American.
Stability and Instability of an Economic System: Considerations
Authors: Cossiga Giovanni Antonio
Published: June 2017

The essay would like to investigate on the inflation as an equilibrium problem within an economic system hit by an outside or inside shock. The persistence of economic system instability makes the inflation speed to grow, gradually reaching the maturity condition. From this point forward, the nominal price movement becomes regular and this regularity will allow the economic system to have an almost-normal working condition. The inflation must be intended as a remedy spontaneously applied when a system is hit by a severe shock, then becoming unstable. According to this view, also the negative inflation or deflation should be regarded as a spontaneous remedy, usually appearing in the world of economy to face a financial crisis caused by a speculative bubble outbreak. In this case, deflation seems to be the mere consequence of a severe economic downturn, which activates a negative inflation. The negative inflation caused by the decline in the economic situation, does accumulate inside the system and therefore is creating a progressive settlement of structural inflation. The deflation is strictly related to the depressed economy (recession), just similar to the link created between typical inflation and economic cycle. When going out from the recession, the economic recovery leads to a deflation gradual mitigation. If the economic recovery is fuelled by strong amount of public resources, it could be demonstrated that the increasing amount of public debt is neutral on the deflation destiny.
ORDNANCE AND ELECTRONICS SERVICE. Operation of the Service and Issued Branch Instructions. Catalogue of Utilisation Rates for Ordnance and Electronic Equipment
Authors: GIBASIEWICZ Andrzej
Published: June 2017

This paper outlines the operation of the Chieftaincy of Ordnance and Electronics Service (OES) in the Polish Armed Forces since 1918 when the first section performing the tasks of ordnance service was established. The first part of the paper describes the tasks the structures dealt with before the ordnance service appeared and widely characterizes functions and assignments of the service in interwar period and after the WWII. The meaning and responsibility of the ordnance service for providing utilization, repairing, servicing, storing and procurement is presented. The most important tasks of the Chieftaincy for development of regulations concerning the use of equipment by the Polish Armed Forces are also included with some examples of developed instructions. Second part presents the most significant rules for the use of ordnance and electronic equipment resulting from new logistic doctrines and the “Catalogue of Utilization Resources Rates for Land Equipment” introduced into the Polish Armed Forces.
Practical Applications of Immunohistochemistry in the Diagnosis of Genitourinary Tumors
Authors: Xiao Xiuli , Hu Rong , Deng Fang-Ming , Shen Steven S. , Yang Ximing J. , Wu Chin-Lee
Published: June 2017

Context.—

Pathologic diagnosis of tumors in the genitourinary system can be challenging based on morphology alone, particularly when diagnostic material is limited, such as in core biopsies. Immunohistochemical stain can be a useful tool to aid in the diagnosis.

Objective.—

To provide an update on practical applications and interpretation of immunohistochemical stains in the diagnosis of tumors in prostate, kidney, bladder, and testis. We particularly focus on difficult differential diagnoses, providing our insights in frequently encountered challenging situations. Commonly used immunohistochemical panels are discussed.

Data Sources.—

Review of literature and our own experience.

Conclusion.—

Immunohistochemical stain is a valuable tool in the diagnosis of genitourinary tumors when appropriately used.
Motivation and engagement of public health inspectors: a Canadian perspective for the 21st century
Authors: Franco Aldo
Published: June 2017

Organizational leaders are measured on the success of meeting goals and objectives, and their success is greatly dependent on the level of motivation and engagement of their employees. The dynamic climate of the 21st century is forcing a shift in leadership strategies. What may have worked at one time may no longer be as effective with the current workforce. Today’s labour market is dynamic and competitive, and organizational leaders are required to manage, engage, motivate, and retain a multi-generational workforce. This study reviews the literature and uses qualitative and quantitative survey responses to explore (i) the generational breakdown currently influencing the Canadian Public Health Inspection (PHI) workforce; (ii) the impact direct supervisors have on PHI motivation, engagement, and job satisfaction; and (iii) the strategies that PHI leaders can consider to engage their current workforce. The generational breakdown of the PHI workforce generally aligns with the current Canadian labour market. PHI motivation and engagement is influenced more from intrinsic motivators than extrinsic motivators, and managers and supervisors are a significant influencer of PHI motivation and engagement. Consequently, with today’s labour market shifting, public health leaders must rethink their management and leadership strategies for success. In leading the current multi-generational workforce, it is recommended leaders take a more transformational approach to leadership versus a sole focus on the traditional transactional approach.
Screening of Microorganisms and Raw Materials for Lipase Production by Solid-State Fermentation
Authors: Grety Márquez Peñamaría  , Giselle Morell-Nápoles  , Mario Cujilema-Quitio  , Gualberto Leon  , Patrick Fickers  , Luis B. Ramos-Sánchez
Published: June 2017

The production of biodiesel from vegetable oils using eco-friendly processes is a hot topic actually. These processes are based on enzymatic biocatalysts, namely lipases, and present many advantages over classical processes i.e. they do not require the use of sodium hydroxide, nor huge quantities of water. Lipases are widespread in nature, being produced by many microorganisms. However, fungal lipases have benefits over bacterial lipases due to their low cost of production, thermal and pH stability, substrate specificity and activity in organic solvents. These low cost production processes rely, most of the time, on solid-state fermentation (SSF). The aim of this research was to select microorganisms for their ability to secrete lipolytic enzymes and to grow on a solid support compatible with SSF. Thirty-five yeast and mold strains were tested in term of growth rate and extracellular lipase production. Different solid support such as vermiculite, crushed wheat husk, cacao seed-husk and carbon sources such as soy oil, sunflower oil, olive oil or sucrose were also tested for their ability to support cell growth and lipase production.
Short Communication: Studying the Role of Smart Flare Gold Nano Particles in Studying Micro RNA and Oncogene Differential Expression in Prostate Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Hirendra Banerjee  , Jamel Joyner  , Monet Stevenson  , William Kahan  , Christopher Krauss  , Sasha Hodges  , Eduardo Santos  , Myla Worthington  , Jeffferey Rousch  , Gloria Payne  , Vinod Manglik  , Narendra Banerjee  , Brianna Morris  , Dayton Bell  , Santosh Mandal
Published: June 2017

Nano technology is a cutting edge science which is now effectively used in the field of cancer biology. Smart Flare gold nanoparticles are now used often for differential gene expression analysis. In this manuscript we are reporting the use of micro RNA miR 146a and onco gene EZH2 Smart Flare probes to study their expression in different prostate cancer cell lines and the effect of novel Rhenium compounds on these genes using a flow cytometer and a Fluorescence microscope. Our results showed this novel nanotechnology can be effectively used in cancer biology to successfully detect the effect of novel drugs on oncogenes and could be a very useful tool for next generation of cancer researchers.
Isoniazid Induced Toxicities and Idiosyncratic Responses in Male Albino Wistar Rats
Authors: Solomon E. Owumi  , Michael A. Gbadegesin  , Fisayo A. Olotu  , Oyeronke A. Odunola
Published: June 2017

Isoniazid (INH) is an anti-tuberculosis drug administered over a long period. Upon metabolism in the liver, INH generates nitrogen-centered radicals, reacting with cellular macromolecules, and induces toxic and transformational changes in cells and tissues. Here we examined the side effects of long-term (chronic) administration of isoniazid (2.5 and 5mg/kg) once daily for 30, 60 and 90 days consecutively: on hepatic transaminases, histological changes in hepatocytes and induction of micronuclei in the bone marrow and possible genotoxicity in E. coli PQ37. In addition, blood glucose was monitored during the various treatment period. Biochemical analysis of hepatic transaminases (γ-glutamyl-, alanine amino-, aspartate aminotransferases and alkaline phosphatase) in INH treated group was significantly (p<0.05) elevated as well as blood glucose level declined significantly (p<0.05) for both doses at 30, 60 and 90 treatment respectively. Total protein and albumin level decreased (p<0.05) at both treatment doses compared to control. Serum creatinine level significant (p<0.05) increased at days 30 and 60 relative to control.Antioxidants (GST, SOD and catalase) activity examined indicated a decrease in catalase levels which was significant (p<0.05) and an insignificant decrease (p>0.05) in GST in both treatment groups at day 60. There was also a significant increase (p<0.05) in the activity of superoxide dismutase activity. Micronucleus analysis further revealed an induction of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (mPCEs), which was significant (p<0.05) for both treatment doses at days 30, 60 and 90 respectively. In addition, INH genotoxicity assessed by UMU chromotest indicated that the 5mg/kg dosage has an induction ratio above the genotoxicity threshold of 1.5 suggesting genotoxicity in E.coli PQ37.Taken together, INH treatment at both doses (2.5 and 5mg/kg body weight) was hepatotoxic and induced nephrotoxic damages, in addition to mutagenic effect which is more pronounced at 2.5mg/kg dose, thereby suggesting dose-dependent cellular and genetic toxicity.
Projections of Energy Use and Carbon Emissions for Bangkok, Thailand
Authors: Phdungsilp Aumnad
Published: June 2017

Cities around the world have developed innovative plans and strategies to reduce rampant and uncontrolled energy use and CO2 emissions. It is not surprising that many cities have adopted long-term emission reduction goals. However, a detailed analysis of energy use and the resulting carbon emissions are rare in developing countries. This paper presents historical trends of energy demand and energy-related CO2 emissions for Bangkok, Thailand. The CO2 emissions account for the use of fossil fuels only. It also presents the projections of energy use and CO2 emissions from 2010 to 2050. Using a bottom-up energy model and scenario analysis, the paper employs a Long-range Energy Alternative Planning (LEAP) system to simulate four sectors in Bangkok. The results identified by the BAU (business-as-usual) scenario indicate that total energy is expected to reach 54,560 kilotonne of oil equivalent (ktoe) with 191 million tonne CO2 (Mt-CO2) by 2050. Under the alternative scenario, if all policy interventions are implemented simultaneously, the potential for energy-savings and reduced CO2 emissions in 2050 are estimated to be 32,120 ktoe and 106.19 Mt-CO2. Other international cities may wish to apply the strategies and analytical approaches presented in this paper for developing appropriate policies and measures in their own jurisdictions.
Optimal Active Energy Loss with Feeder Routing and Renewable Energy for Smart Grid Distribution
Authors: Phawanaphinyo Phatcharasak , Keeratipranon Narongdech , Khemapatapan Chaiyaporn
Published: June 2017

Electric power is the main energy source for a modern society. Good management of electric power cycle is essential for a sustainable society. The electric power cycle is composed of Generation, Transmission, Distribution, and Consumption. Smart Grid (SG) is a system that integrated traditional grids with Information and Communication Technology (ICT). In addition, SG has the ability to integrate electrical power supply from both to main power substation and Distributed Generation (DG), which compensates for the power demand during peak times. However, SG still has a similar problem to the original grid in terms of active power loss, from electric current injecting through the transmission line. This paper solves the active power loss problem by feeder routing using the Adjusting Dijkstra's Cost Method, follow by deciding the allocation position and sizing of DG by the use of Evolutionary Computing, namely Harmony Search (HS), Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The experiments evaluate the performance of the algorithm using power flow analysis, Backward / Forward Sweep Method, on the IEEE 33 bus system. From the experimental results, PSO provides the best performance. The overall active power loss in the cases of 3 DGs was reduced from 202.67 to 52.29 kW, representing a reduction of 74.20%.
Ecotourism Impacts on the Economy, Society and Environment of Thailand
Authors: Sangpikul Aswin
Published: June 2017

During the past decade, there have been a number of ecotourism studies in various disciplines to provide a knowledge foundation for sustainable tourism development. However, most prior studies have examined the contributions of the ecotourism destinations in the economic and/or environmental dimensions. Little research has investigated the contributions of the ecotourism businesses in terms of business practices and their products to the three dimensions of sustainable development. This paper examines how ecotourism tour operators and their guided tours contribute to the development of economic, social and environmental dimensions at ecotourism sites and local communities. Data were collected from ecotourism tour operators through the interview and observation methods, and the contents were analyzed in accordance with ecotourism concepts and principles. The paper reveals that the practices of tour operators and their guided tours contributed economic, social, and environmental benefits to the ecotourism destinations and local communities. Interestingly, this paper finds that the length (duration) and types of guided tours had different contributions and impacts on the three dimensions of sustainability. In particular, guided tours with a local visit contribute greater economic and social benefits to the local areas than tours without a local visit. Recommendations are provided to promote responsible ecotourism business.
Taxi Drivers' Cross-Cultural Communication Problems and Challenges in Bangkok, Thailand
Authors: Thadphoothon Janpha
Published: June 2017

This paper reports an investigation of Thai taxi drivers' cross-cultural communication problems and challenges by synthesizing the research findings from two related studies: (1) a classroom investigation of Thai taxi drivers' communication challenges; and (2) a study of Thai taxi drivers' English language competence. The findings reveal that Thai taxi drivers had relatively low level of English competence, and had experienced three cross-cultural communication problems and challenges in the language, cultural, and attitudinal domains. Efforts to improve their English skills need to take into consideration the nature of their work and work conditions.
Partial Ionization Cross Sections of Organic Molecules
Authors: Irikura Karl K.
Published: June 2017

Partial ionization cross sections are the absolute yields of specific ions from an electron-molecule collision. They are necessary for modeling plasmas and for determining the sensitivity of mass spectrometers, among other applications. One mass-spectrometric application is estimating the abundance of organic compounds on Mars, as sampled by the rover Curiosity. This is a report of semitheoretical data obtained for a collection of organic molecules identified as possible biomarkers in this exotic context.
L’effet « I can do it ! » : rôle du sentiment d’efficacité personnelle dans la satisfaction à l’égard des aliments santé à orientation fonctionnelle
Authors: Ravoniarison Aina , Gollety Mathilde
Published: June 2017

Cette recherche se propose d’examiner le rôle du sentiment d’efficacité personnelle (SEP) dans le cadre de la consommation d’aliments santé à orientation fonctionnelle (ASOF). À partir d’une étude menée auprès de 664 consommateurs, une mesure du sentiment d’efficacité personnelle est proposée. Les résultats montrent que le SEP est un déterminant majeur de la satisfaction, au côté de la qualité perçue du produit, et qu’il atténue l’incertitude liée à l’achat et à la consommation d’ASOF. Une typologie des consommateurs d’ASOF, élaborée à partir des variables SEP et risque perçu, permet l’identification de trois segments de consommateurs. Des leviers de renforcement du SEP sont ensuite proposés afin d’optimiser la communication autour des ASOF.
Asymétries entre partenaires et confiance : le cas des alliances stratégiques entre PME et multinationales
Authors: Mahamadou Zoubeyda
Published: June 2017

Cet article a pour objectif d’analyser les effets des asymétries interorganisationnelles sur la confiance dans le cadre d’alliances stratégiques entre PME et firmes multinationales (FMN). La plupart des auteurs avancent que l’existence de dissimilarités entre les partenaires d’une alliance ne favorise pas le développement de la confiance entre eux. Dans le cadre de cette contribution, les effets des asymétries sur la confiance ont été analysés à partir d’une étude qualitative de dix cas d’alliances entre PME françaises dans l’industrie aéronautique et géants du secteur. Il en ressort que malgré les asymétries, la confiance peut se développer entre les partenaires si des dispositions sont prises par ces derniers pour favoriser la coopération.
Why mother rats protect their children
Authors: Meyza Ksenia Z , Knapska Ewelina
Published: June 2017

The presence of the hormone oxytocin in the central amygdala makes a mother rat willing to put her life in danger in order to protect her offspring.
Use of predeposited autologous blood plus intraoperative autotransfusion compared with use of predeposited autologous blood alone in radical retropubic prostatectomy
Authors: Ginsberg, Phillip C. , Chiusano Michael A. , Finkelstein, Leonard H. , Mene Matthew
Published: June 2017

The efficacy of combining preoperative autologous blood donation with the intraoperative use of an autotransfuser during radical retropubic prostatectomy was examined by retrospective analysis of the charts of 27 patients who underwent this procedure between February 1989 and August 1992. An intraoperative autotransfuser was combined with 2 units of pre donated autologous blood in 14 patients (group 1), with 4 (29%) of the 14 requiring homologous blood. In group 2, 5 (62%) of 8 patients required homologous blood. For the remaining 5 patients (group 3), no autologous blood was available, so all received homologous blood transfusion. Preliminary data suggest that ideally, patients scheduled for radical prostatectomy should attempt to store at least 2 units of autologous blood and have an autotransfuser available during surgery.
Carpal tunnel syndrome and motor vehicle accidents
Authors: Ames Elliot L.
Published: June 2017

Carpal tunnel syndrome can result from acute injury, as indicated by a retrospective study. Symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome developed in 96 patients within 2 months after an automobile accident. Forty-four (46%) of these 96 patients underwent carpal tunnel release. It is postulated that the mechanism of injury is blunt trauma from the steering wheel or dashboard.
Current trends in the pharmacologic and surgical treatment of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Galler Robert Michael , Hallas Brian H. , Fazzini, Enrico
Published: June 2017

Recently, there has been a surge in the research regarding the pharmacologic and surgical treatment of Parkinson's disease. This article reviews the latest modes of medical and surgical therapy for Parkinson's disease. The latest drug therapy has consisted of levodopa, a combination of levodopa and carbidopa (Sinemet/Sinemet CR), and monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) inhibitors (selegiline hydrochloride). The surgical treatment modalities have been stereotaxic implantations of dopamine-producing tissues (such as adrenal medulla and fetal mesencephalon) into the caudate nucleus and ventral pallidotomy of patients with Parkinson's disease. The most recent work has been in the field of gene therapy. The implantation of cells genetically modified to express trophic factors and tyrosine hydroxylase for the synthesis of L-dopa from tyrosine has been proposed as a possible route for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Although the etiology of the disease is still unknown, two recent theories are discussed.
Ischemic cerebellar infarct in a 5-year-old boy: Sequela to minor back trauma
Authors: Byrd Lorraine Rose , Vogel H. Lauren
Published: June 2017

Minor trauma, a kick to the center of the back during roughhousing with an 8-year-old sibling, produced an ischemic cerebellar infarct in a 5-year-old boy. The boy was brought to medical attention because of vomiting and headache. He also had ataxia. Results of laboratory studies, structural examination, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis were noncontributory. An irregular, low-density region in the left cerebellar hemisphere of unknown cause was seen on computed tomography scans. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an area of signal alteration hyperintense on the T2-weighted image and mildly hyperintense on the proton-density image in the leftward cerebellar hemisphere. The distribution was most compatible with that of an acute superior cerebellar arterial infarction. No other abnormalities were detected. The patient was treated with oral prednisolone, recovered, and had no further episodes or sequelae. The authors recommend that posttraumatic stroke be considered early in the differential diagnosis of a child with the triad of symptoms seen in the patient described. They suggest that glucocorticoid therapy on a short-term basis may have a place in more rapid resolution of symptoms.
Hurthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid
Authors: Gray Michael W. , Caleel Richard T.
Published: June 2017

Hurthle cell tumors of the thyroid are uncommon neoplasms that generate considerable controversy regarding the correct clinicopathologic criteria for determining which lesions require aggressive surgical management and which lesions require conservative therapy. The neoplasms range from benign tumors that disappear spontaneously to tumors with widespread metastasis. The origin of these tumors is unclear, their clinical course is variable and largely unpredictable, and diagnosis is difficult. Neither atypical architecture nor cytologic features are reliable indicators of malignancy. Surgery is the only effective treatment modality. The authors present two case studies of patients with Hurthle cell carcinoma. They also discuss the natural history and management of this disease.
Seasonal shifts in accumulation of glycerol biosynthetic gene transcripts in mountain pine beetle,Dendroctonus ponderosaeHopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), larvae
Authors: Fraser Jordie D. , Bonnett Tiffany R. , Keeling Christopher I. , Huber Dezene P.W.
Published: June 2017

Winter mortality is a major factor regulating population size of the mountain pine beetle,Dendroctonus ponderosaeHopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Glycerol is the major cryoprotectant in this freeze intolerant insect. We report findings from a gene expression study on an overwintering mountain pine beetle population over the course of 35 weeks. mRNA transcript levels suggest glycerol production in the mountain pine beetle occurs through glycogenolytic, gluconeogenic and potentially glyceroneogenic pathways, but not from metabolism of lipids. A two-week lag period between fall glycogen phosphorylase transcript and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase transcript up-regulation suggests that gluconeogenesis serves as a secondary glycerol-production process, subsequent to exhaustion of the primary glycogenolytic source. These results provide a first look at the details of seasonal gene expression related to the production of glycerol in the mountain pine beetle.