bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF MATEMATIS SISWA SMK PADA SOAL STATISTIKA
Authors: Sontany Toni , Yuliawati Lia , Ratnasari Shofia Annisa
Published: November 2024

Tujuan penelitian dan hasil penelitian tersebut adalah untuk mengevaluasi kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa dengan fokus pada aspek-aspek seperti kelancaran, kelenturan, keaslian, dan kerincian dalam pemahaman soal statistika. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 36 siswa kelas XII di salah satu SMK di Kabupaten Sumedang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa berada pada tingkat kategori sedang. Untuk indikator kelancaran, persentasenya adalah 85%, sedangkan untuk indikator kelenturan, persentasenya adalah 80%. Kemudian, indikator keaslian memiliki persentase sebesar 78%, dan indikator kerincian memiliki persentase sebesar 68%.
Refleksi Budaya dan Pendidikan Sejarah: Implementasi Problem Based Learning dalam Meningkatkan Pembelajaran Humanis Di SMA Cilacap
Authors: Sudarto Sudarto , Warto Warto , Sariyatun Sariyatun , Musadad Akhmad Arif
Published: November 2024

The research aims to explore how the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model can increase students' understanding and interest in history education with a humanist approach. The method used is qualitative with a case study approach, which allows researchers to delve into the experiences of students and teachers in the learning process. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and analysis of documents related to the implementation of PBL in the classroom. The results show that the application of PBL not only increases students' involvement in history learning but also enriches their understanding of relevant cultural and social contexts. This study emphasizes the importance of integrating PBL methods in history education as a way to create a more meaningful and humanist learning experience for students. The implementation of PBL in history education not only enhances humanist learning but also equips students with essential skills to face real-world challenges. However, there are various challenges faced in the implementation of PBL that must be overcome. These findings are expected to contribute to the development of the curriculum and practice of teaching history in schools.
LEGAL PROTECTION AND LOCAL POLICY SUPPORT ON THE COMMERCIALIZATION OF EXPORT PRODUCTS AND INNOVATIVE ADVANTAGES OF MSME PRODUCTS
Authors: Purwaningsih Endang , Muslikh Muslikh , Suhaeri Suhaeri , Basrowi Basrowi
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study is to describe the direct and indirect effects of legal protection and local policy support on the commercialization of export products and their implications for the innovative advantages of MSME products. The problems explained are (1) the influence of legal protection support and regional policy support on product commercialization, and (2) the role of stakeholders in increasing innovative excellence for product commercialization.The method used in this research is a juridical approach combined with a quantitative approach, sociological especially correlational. This research was conducted in Yogyakarta and Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. The research population is MSME actors in the two cities, totaling 300 people with a sample of 76 people. Data collection techniques using questionnaires, observation, interviews, and documentation. The quantitative data that has been collected was analyzed using a structural equational modeling (SEM) approach, used Smart PLS software. Qualitative data only used as complementary analysis. The results showed legal protection support and local policy support significantly influenced product commercialization and innovative advantage. Theoretically, this research provides insight into the product commercialization as a mediator variable. With these findings, it is expected that significant support will emerge from the government as a regulator, academics as a educator, the private sector as a catalyst, and the community as a driver for the development of law literacy as MSMEs in Indonesia.
PENEGAKAN HUKUM, SANKSI, DAN HAMBATAN PERATURAN DAERAH KOTA PEKALONGAN NOMOR 2 TAHUN 2018 TENTANG PENYELENGGARAAN REKLAME
Authors: Pratiwi Ratnadila , Listyarini Dyah , Andriani Fitika
Published: November 2024

Penelitian yang berjudul "Penegakan Hukum, Sanksi, dan Hambatan Peraturan Daerah Kota Pekalongan Nomor 2 Tahun 2018 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Reklame" bertujuan untuk mengkaji permasalahan dalam penyelenggaraan reklame di Kota Pekalongan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan studi literatur dan dianalisis secara kualitatif. Adanya perkembangan ekonomi meningkatkan kebutuhan penggunaan reklame sebagai sarana komunikasi, informasi, serta edukasi. Penyelenggaraan reklame merupakan hak warga negara, namun dalam pelaksanaannya harus memerhatikan berbagai aspek agar sesuai dengan nilai-nilai sosial budaya, estetika, Rencana Tata Ruang Kota, kepastian hukum, serta kemanfaatannya. Kota Pekalongan memiliki peraturan perundang-undangan terkait penyelenggaraan reklame yaitu Peraturan Daerah Nomor 2 Tahun 2018 tentang Penyelenggaraan Reklame. Penegakan kebijakan penataan reklame di Kota Pekalongan dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kedisiplinan serta menciptakan tampilan lingkungan yang bersih dan estetis. Proses penataan reklame melibatkan upaya penanganan dan pengelolaan iklan agar sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku dalam penyelenggaraannya. Reklame yang tidak mematuhi kewajibannya dan dipasang tanpa izin dapat dicabut izinnya sesuai peraturan. Salah satu faktor penghambat penataan reklame di Kota Pekalongan adalah kurangnya kesadaran dari penyelenggara reklame. Banyak penyelenggara reklame yang memasang iklan tanpa mengurus perizinan terlebih dahulu, meskipun perizinan tersebut bertujuan untuk mengatur ketertiban pemasangan reklame. Penegakan hukum yang efektif dapat membantu menjaga estetika lingkungan dan menjaga ketertiban umum.
SISTEM PEMILIHAN UMUM DI INDONESIA DALAM PERSFEKTIF FIQH SIYASAH
Authors: Mulyana Indra , Solehudin Ending , Setiawan Iwan , Rusydi Ibnu
Published: November 2024

Pemilu di Indonesia yang dijadwalkan pada tahun 2024 sedang menjadi perbincangan hangat. Namun, perdebatan mengenai perspektif Islam terhadap pemilu masih kurang dibahas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan literatur dan empiris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem pemilu di Indonesia memiliki relevansi dengan fiqh siyasah, yaitu sistem ahlul halli wal aqdi. Sejarah pemilu di Indonesia berkembang seiring dengan pemahaman demokrasi. Konsep pemilihan pemimpin pada zaman Nabi Muhammad dan Khulafaurrasyidin tidak sama dengan pemilu saat ini. Namun, konsep ahlul halli wal aqdi atau syura dalam Islam memiliki kesamaan dengan pemilihan umum di Indonesia. Dalam fiqh siyasah, metode pengisian jabatan kepala negara termasuk pemilihan langsung oleh rakyat dan ahlul halli wal aqdi. Di Indonesia, pemilu menggunakan sistem pemilihan langsung oleh rakyat, sesuai dengan prinsip fiqh siyasah. Penelitian ini juga menyoroti sengketa pemilu yang terjadi setelah pemilihan umum. Dalam Islam, ahlul halli wal aqdi memiliki peran dalam mengadili sengketa pemilihan kepala pemerintahan, di Indonesia sengketa pemilu diajukan di Mahkamah Konstitusi. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pemerintah untuk berlaku adil dan sesuai dengan ajaran Islam dalam pemerintahan. Masyarakat juga diingatkan untuk mempelajari pemerintahan baik dalam berpolitik maupun bermasyarakat. Jika konsep negara Islam tercapai, masyarakat akan sejahtera dan pemerintahan akan bijak dan adil dalam semua aspek. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan pandangan baru dan memotivasi masyarakat dalam menghadapi politik di Indonesia.
Assistência multiprofissional ao recém-nascido com fissura lábio palatina
Authors: Santos Deborah Tatiane Pinheiro dos , Moraes Maria Eduarda de Araújo , Moraes Andreza Cassundé , Rodrigues Bruna Larissa Pinto , Neves Paula Victoria Tiribaxi , Costa Ana Paula Almeida da , Casseb Gabriela Éleres , Sousa Mara Lucia Barros de , Santos Valéria Regina Cavalcante dos , França Ana Paula Figueiredo de Montalvão
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: Analisar as produções científicas que abordam o papel da equipe multiprofissional frente ao indivíduo com fissura labiopalatina. Métodos: Trata-se de uma Revisão Integrativa da Literatura, dividida em seis fases e guiada pela pergunta norteadora “O que há disponível na literatura a respeito da assistência multiprofissional prestada ao recém-nascido com fissura labiopalatina? ”. A busca de artigos ocorreu em maio de 2024, na base de dados National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI/Pubmed), através dos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS): “Patient Care Team”, ”Newborn”, “Childhealth”, “Cleft lip” e “Cleft palate”. Resultados: A amostra final foi composta por 18 artigos que abordaram as repercussões físicas e psicológicas da fissura labiopalatina, a importância do diagnóstico precoce, aspectos cirúrgicos, odontológicos, nutricionais e fonoaudiológicos, cuidados pós-operatórios, intervenções de enfermagem e barreiras na assistência a esse grupo. Considerações finais: Evidenciou-se que a fenda labiopalatina traz muitas repercussões em diversos aspectos da vida do indivíduo e de sua família e que o cuidado multiprofissional se faz necessário desde o nascimento, favorecendo prognósticos favoráveis ao aspecto físico e emociona.
Cambios en el banco de semillas por la invasión de Baccharis dracunculifolia y Racosperma melanoxylon en ambientes serranos del Sistema de Tandilia, Buenos Aires
Authors: Vignolio Osvaldo R. , Ispizúa Verónica N. , Angelini Hernán P. , Echeverría María de las M.
Published: November 2024

El análisis de los cambios que producen la invasión de especies vegetales sobre la estructura de las comunidades de pastizales y la planificación de la restauración de las especies nativas deben incluir el estudio del banco de semillas. Se analizaron los efectos de la propagación de los arbustos Baccharis dracunculifolia (Bd) y de los árboles Racosperma melanoxylon (monte de acacias joven y añoso) sobre el banco de semillas germinables del suelo (BS) y de la broza (BB) de un pastizal dominado por Paspalum quadrifarium (Pq, pajonal), establecido en una sierra del Sistema de Tandilia. Se presentan los resultados de la densidad de plántulas, la riqueza, la diversidad, la equitatividad y el índice de disimilitud florística (IDF). Baccharis dracunculifolia y P. quadrifarium presentan un banco transitorio, mientras que el de R. melanoxylon es persistente. En el BS y en el BB se identificaron 94 y 32 especies, respectivamente. La cantidad de semillas en BS fue mayor en los montes (14000 semillas/m²) que en el pajonal (8500 semillas/m²) y en Bd (6400 semillas/m²). La cantidad de semillas en el BB fue mayor en el pajonal (965 semillas/m²) que en los montes (699 semillas/m²) y Bd (44 semillas/ m²). La riqueza no difirió entre el pastizal dominado por P. quadrifarium, los invadidos por las acacias y B. dracunculifolia, siendo el valor promedio de 28 y 6 especies en BS y BB, respectivamente. La diversidad y la equitatividad variaron con el tipo de banco y con la propagación de las especies. El IDF permitió determinar que los ambientes dominados por P. quadrifarium y B. dracunculifolia tienen más especies en común que el pajonal y los montes. En el contexto de la conservación del pastizal, se deberían considerar los cambios en los bancos por la propagación de B. dracunculifolia y R. melanoxylon. La escasez de semillas y la ausencia de plantas de P. quadrifarium en el monte añoso ponen en evidencia que la restauración del pajonal requiere, además del corte de los árboles, otro tipo de intervención.
ПОСМЕРТНОЕ СОСЕДСТВО: РАННЕСКИФСКИЕ ВПУСКНЫЕ ПОГРЕБЕНИЯ В МЕТАСТРУКТУРЕ КУРГАННЫХ ПАМЯТНИКОВ
Authors: С.Б. Вальчак
Published: November 2024

Рассматриваются впускные погребения в курганы бронзового века, от крытые в степях юга Восточной Европы и относящиеся к раннескифскому периоду (VII–VI вв. до н. э.). Как составные части метаструктуры погребального памятни ка раннескифские комплексы были систематизированы по количеству погребений в курганной группе, их топографии в могильнике и в отдельно взятом кургане, рас положению таких курганов с рассматриваемыми погребениями на территории мо гильника (группы). Анализ материалов показал, что погребения раннескифского пе риода могут образовывать группы из нескольких захоронений, расположенных как в различных курганах могильника, так и в одном из курганов. Погребения в одном кургане могут быть связаны между собой как горизонтальной стратиграфией, так и вертикальной, образуя ярусы. В результате установлено, что метаструктура памят ников раннескифского периода практически аналогична метаструктуре погребаль ных памятников предскифского времени. Некоторые социальные группы населения раннескифского периода, вероятно, члены малых семей и, возможно, коллективы мужчин-воинов, могли образовывать небольшие локальные кладбища, которые функционировали непродолжительный отрезок времени.

The paper explores secondary graves in the Bronze Age kurgans which have been discovered in the South of East European steppes (7th–6th centuries BC). As constituent elements of the funerary site meta-structure, the Early Scythian complexes were systemized based on the number of graves in the kurgan group, their topography 187 КСИА. Вып. 275. 2024 г. in the cemetery and in each specific kurgan, and location of such kurgans with the graves in question within the burial ground (group) area. The analysis of the materials shows that the Early Scythian graves can form groups made up of several graves located both in vari ous kurgans of the cemetery and in one kurgan. The graves in one kurgan may be linked by both horizontal stratigraphy and vertical stratigraphy forming tiers. The analysis found that the meta-structure of the Early Scythian sites is practically similar to the meta-struc ture of the sites from the pre-Scythian period. Some social groups of the Early Scythian populations, probably, members of small families and, maybe, male warrior teams could arrange small local cemeteries that functioned for a short period of time.
ОБ ОДНОМ ТИПЕ УЗДЕЧНЫХ БЛЯШЕК СКИФСКОЙ ЭПОХИ
Authors: С.А. Володин , А.А. Шевченко
Published: November 2024

В статье рассматривается весьма редкий для скифской эпохи тип укра шений конского снаряжения – уздечные бляшки ромбовидной формы с полусфе рическими выступами на щитке. В настоящее время известно 28 экз., происходя щих из 10 погребальных памятников от низовий Дуная на западе до Южного Урала на востоке, от Среднего Подонья на севере до Прикубанья на юге. Выделены три варианта бляшек на основании некоторых морфологических различий. Определе ны хронологические рамки бытования комплексов с рассматриваемыми бляшками, выделена внутренняя динамика развития типа украшений, зона первоначального использования, а также направления распространения. Выявлено, что эти уздечные украшения впервые появляются в низовьях Дуная в конце V – начале IV в. до н. э. В середине столетия подобные изделия появляются в Днепро-Донской лесостепи. Распространение на юг и на восток датируется не ранее середины – третьей четвер ти IV в. до н. э.

The paper explores a type of ornaments of horse equipment which is rath er rare for the Scythian period, namely, rhomboid bridle plaques with spherical knobs on the plate. Presently, 28 items of such plaques are known. They all originate from 10 funerary sites located in the area extended from the Lower Danube region in the west to the Southern Urals in the east, from the Middle Don region in the north to the Kuban region in the south. Three variants of the plaques have been singled out based on several morphological differences. The analysis has also determined the chronological time span when the assemblages including the plaques in question were in use. Besides, the analysis has identified changes over time in the development of this type of ornaments, the area of their initial use as well as their distribution areas. It has been established that these bridle ornaments appeared in the Lower Danube region at the end of the 5th – early 4th centuries BC. In the middle of the century similar items appeared in the Dnieper-Don forest-steppe belt. Their spread to the south and the east has been dated not earlier than the middle – third quarter of the 4th century BC.
ВОИНСКОЕ ЗАХОРОНЕНИЕ V в. до н. э. ИЗ ЗАПАДНОГО КАЗАХСТАНА (УРЫСАЙ-2, КУРГАН № 14)
Authors: Я.А. Лукпанова , А.М. Сеитов , М.А. Антонов
Published: November 2024

В статье в научный оборот вводятся результаты раскопок кургана № 14 могильника Урысай-2. Под насыпью кургана обнаружены череп лошади и бронзо вые предметы конского снаряжения, а к западу от центра зафиксирована подпря моугольная могильная яма. Захоронение ограблено (?). Скелеты четырех мужчин уложены в ряд и ориентированы головой на юг. Черепа погребенных зафиксированы на уровне их плеч; кости и инвентарь частично смещены и перемешаны. Погребе ние датируется первой половиной V в. до н. э.

This article introduces into scientific discourse results of the excavations of kurgan 14 in the Urysai-2 burial ground. A horse skull and bronze items of horse har ness were found under the kurgan whereas a sub-rectangular burial pit was recorded west of its center. The grave appears to have been subjected to robbery (?). The skeletons of four men arranged in a row and oriented to the south. Notably, the skulls of the buried individuals are recorded at the level of their shoulders; the bones and inventory are par tially displaced and mixed. The grave is dated to the first half of the 5th century BC.
БРАСЛЕТЫ С РАСШИРЕННЫМИ КОНЦАМИ САМБИЙСКО-НАТАНГИЙСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ IV–V вв.
Authors: О.А. Хомякова
Published: November 2024

Бронзовые браслеты с расширенными концами самбийско-натангий ской культуры являются наиболее ранними образцами подобных изделий в При балтике и западной части Восточно-Европейской равнины. По данным погре бальных комплексов их появление в уборе местных племен относится ко второй половине III – началу IV в. Наиболее поздние экземпляры датируются второй половиной V в. Браслеты представляли собой имитации престижных украшений из драгоценных металлов, характерных для германских элит позднеримского вре мени и начала эпохи Великого переселения народов. Но в отличие от своих про тотипов эти браслеты служили простыми украшениями, которые использовались в качестве символов идентичности с культурой североевропейских племенных объединений.

Bronze bracelets with broadened ends attributed to the Sambian-Natangian culture are the earliest examples of such items in the Baltics region and the western part of the East European Plain. As shown by the data from the burial assemblages, they ap peared as part of decorative accessories used by the local population in the second half of the 3rd – early 4th centuries. The latest items are dated to the second half of the 5th cen tury. The bracelets represent imitations of prestigious jewelry decorated with precious stones characteristic of the Germanic elites of the Late Roman period and the beginnings of the Migration period. However, in contrast to their prototypes, these bracelets were or dinary jewelry pieces that people wore to identify themselves with the culture of the North European communities.
НОВЫЕ ДАННЫЕ О КУЛЬТУРНО-ХРОНОЛОГИЧЕСКОМ ПОЛОЖЕНИИ ПРИМОРСКОЙ/ЖУЦЕВСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ
Authors: Э.Б. Зальцман
Published: November 2024

Новейшие AMS-даты, полученные для древнейших поселений примор ской/жуцевской культуры Прибрежное и Ушаково-3, меняют наши представления о начале этого культурного феномена. Известные ранее радиоуглеродные опреде ления имели слишком большую погрешность, излишне удревняя начало культуры. Большинство дат располагалось в диапазоне 3300–2800 CalBC, что делало при морскую культуру без особого на то основания самой ранней из КШК или даже автоматически исключало ее из этого списка, если придерживаться ранней части диапазона. К настоящему времени не подлежит сомнению, что начало приморской культуры шнуровой керамики лежит в интервале 3050–2900 CalBC. С учетом на личия значительного количества шнуровой посуды (около 60 %) этот промежуток имеет смысл сузить до 2950–2900 CalBC. Новая культура возникла на побережье за очень короткий срок – в процессе миграции и интеграции одновременно несколь ких разнородных компонентов. Очень быстро происходит выработка собственных форм. Кубки раннего типа (местный вариант А-кубков) распространяются уже на начальной стадии культуры. Очевидной целью являлось сформировать новую идентичность.

The latest AMS-dates obtained for Pribrezhnoe and Ushakovo-3, which are the earliest sites of the Pomeranian/Rzucewo culture, have been changing our understand ing of when this cultural phenomenon emerged. The previous radiocarbon dates were 58 Э. Б. Зальцман of poor accuracy. They placed the beginnings of this culture to a much earlier period. Most dates ranged within 3300–2800 Cal BC, thus the Pomeranian culture was considered to be the earliest of the Corded Ware culture (CWC) without any justification and was even automatically excluded from this list because its dates were outside the earlier «tail» of the range. Today there is no doubt that the Pomeranian culture of the Corded Ware en tity emerged within 3050–2900 Cal BC. Given the presence of a large number of corded vessels (around 60 %), it would be reasonable to narrow this time span to 2950–2900 Cal BC. The new culture emerged during a very short period of time in the course of migration and simultaneous integration of several heterogeneous components. Its population devel oped its own forms of vessels very quickly. The beakers of the earlier type (a local variant of A-beakers) were spread as early as the initial stage of this culture with a clear aim of de veloping a new identity.
ДЕРЕВЯННАЯ ДЕТАЛЬ ПОВОЗКИ XI в. ИЗ РАСКОПОК В ВЕЛИКОМ НОВГОРОДЕ
Authors: А.М. Гринев , В.К. Сингх
Published: November 2024

В 2014 г. на Троицком раскопе в Великом Новгороде в слое начала XI в. была обнаружена деревянная деталь, которая, благодаря этнографическим аналоги ям, была определена как поворотная подушка и передняя вилка телеги. На Севе ро-Западе Руси эта находка стала первой в своем роде и позволила комплексно по дойти к реконструкции стана четырехколесных средств передвижения. Ближайшие аналогии ей в археологическом материале происходят c территории Польского По морья и Силезии, а также в этнографическом материале Центральной Европы и При балтики. Эти данные позволили предположить неместное происхождение данной телеги в раннем Новгороде. В конструктивном плане повозка имеет ряд архаичных черт, которые унаследованы от самых ранних поворотных механизмов в колесном транспорте, что сильно ограничивало мобильность подобных средств на нешироких городских улицах. Данная находка существенно дополняет сведения о бытовании телег в Новгородской земле в эпоху Средневековья.

In 2014 a wooden artefact was found in the Troitsky excavation trench in a layer dating back to the early 11th century in Velikiy Novgorod. Based on ethnographic analogies, this wooden component was identified as a cart turning mechanism and a front fork. In the Northwest of Medieval Rus this is the first find of this kind, which enabled the researchers to use a holistic approach for reconstructing the body of four-wheeled vehicles. The closest parallels come from Polish Pomerania and Silesia, similar items are also found among ethnographic materials in Central Europe and the Baltic region. These data suggest non-local origin of this cart in early Novgorod. The technical design of this cart shows a number of archaic features inherited from the earliest turning mechanisms in the wheeled transport; these features substantially reduced mobility of such vehicles in narrow urban streets. This find adds substantially to our knowledge on the use of carts in the Novgorod region in the medieval period.
ПОГРЕБЕНИЕ В ЦЕРКВИ КАНДАЛАКШСКОГО МОНАСТЫРЯ: К ВОПРОСУ О ТОПОГРАФИИ СТАТУСНЫХ ЗАХОРОНЕНИЙ В ХРАМАХ РУССКОГО СЕВЕРА В ПОЗДНЕМ СРЕДНЕВЕКОВЬЕ
Authors: М.М. Шахнович , И.К. Решетова
Published: November 2024

В 2013 г. были проведены раскопки в алтаре монастырской церкви Рож дества Богородицы в городе Кандалакша (Мурманская область). В южной части раскопа найдено оригинальное погребение мужчин 45–55 и 35–45 лет, тела которых лежали друг на друге. Находки – один железный гвоздь около головы и остатки боковых досок у верхнего погребенного. Анализ планиграфии расположения костя ков, их анатомическая целостность и ненарушенность, характер засыпки ямы по зволяют считать, что тела были захоронены не одновременно при отсутствии ситуа ции их перезахоронения из другого места. В статье рассматривается практика таких захоронений в позднем Средневековье на Русском Севере. Погребение анонимно, но можно предположить, что это были монахи Кандалакшского монастыря, имев шие высокий статус в местной общине. Возможно, один из них был местночтимым святым. Датировка верхнего погребенного – середина XVII в. Антропологический анализ показал, что для погребенных характерны показатели, сравнимые с сериями из Великого Новгорода и Смоленска, а также пищевая модель – смешанная диета с высоким содержанием белкового компонента.

In 2013 excavations were carried out in the altar part in the Church of Nati vity of Our Lady in the monastery located in the city of Kandalaksha (Murmansk region). The southern part of the excavation trench revealed an original double burial. It contained males aged 45–55 and 35–45, with one body lying on top of the other in one pit. The finds include an iron nail near the head and remains of lateral planks near the buried individual at the top. The analysis of the planigraphy of the skeleton positions, anatomic continui ty of the skeletons that are complete as well as nature of pit fill suggests that the dead were not buried at the same time; there was no reburial of the bodies either. The paper reviews the practice of such interments in the Russian North during the Late Middle Ages. The grave is anonymous; however, presumably, the interred individuals were monks of the Kandalaksha monastery who had a high status in the local community. Probably, one of them was a locally venerated saint. The grave is dated to mid 17th century. The an thropological analysis shows that the craniometric measurements characteristic of the bu ried individuals are comparable with the anthropological series from Veliky Novgorod and Smolensk, whereas the dietary model demonstrates a mixed diet with a high content of the protein component.
Analytical Characterization of Interleukin-6 Aggregation During Refolding
Authors: Nakahara Yuichi , Endo Yuta , Matsuda Yutaka , Yamazaki Shunsuke , Watanabe Mayumi , Sato Yutaka , Date Masayo , Yamada Naoyuki , Takahara Yoshiyuki , Takahashi Kazutoshi , Kato Keisuke , Okasora Takahiro , Ejima Daisuke
Published: November 2024

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine involved in essential biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and maturation, making it a key target in therapeutic development, particularly for COVID-19 treatments. Given its complex biological properties, a thorough understanding of IL-6’s aggregation behavior is critical to optimize the production and stability of anti-IL-6 therapeutic candidates. Recombinant human IL-6 (hIL-6) is typically expressed in Escherichia coli, resulting in significant formation of inclusion bodies, which presents challenges in solubility and refolding. Furthermore, IL-6 exhibits a strong propensity for aggregation, reducing the overall yield of biologically active protein after refolding. This study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of IL-6 aggregation and to identify refolding conditions that mitigate this phenomenon. Using a combination of SDS-PAGE, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, we analyzed the dimerization and aggregation behavior of IL-6 under varying denaturation and refolding conditions. Our results suggest that IL-6 dimerizes primarily through non-covalent interactions, with its secondary structure largely preserved in the dimeric state. Comparative refolding studies under acidic and guanidine-induced denaturation conditions revealed that the rate of solvent exchange is a critical factor influencing aggregation propensity. These findings provide mechanistic insights into IL-6 aggregation during refolding and highlight strategic parameters for reducing aggregation, thereby enhancing the production yield of refolded IL-6. This work establishes a foundation for refining refolding protocols for IL-6 and potentially other aggregation-prone proteins used in therapeutic applications.
What I Learned from Analyzing Accurate Mass Data of 3000 SI Files
Authors: Christmann Mathias
Published: November 2024

A Python script for the systematic, high-throughput analysis of accurate mass data was developed and tested on over 3,000 Supporting Information (SI) PDFs from Organic Letters. For each SI file, quadruplets of molecular formula, measured ion, e.g. [M+Na]+, reported calculated and found masses were extracted and analyzed. Interestingly, only one third of the files containing readable accurate mass data were found to be both internally consistent and in compliance with The ACS Guide to Scholarly Communication. The analysis revealed unex¬pected errors and provides actionable advice on how to improve data quality.
Association Kinetics for Perfluorinated n-Alkyl Radicals
Authors: Ram Hrishikesh , Georgievskii Yuri , Elliott Sarah , Klippenstein Stephen
Published: November 2024

Radical-radical reaction channels are important in the pyrolysis and oxidation chemistry of perfluoroalkyl substances. In particular, unimolecular dissociation reactions within unbranched n-perfluoroalkyl chains, and their corresponding reverse barrierless association reactions, are expected to be significant contributors to the gas-phase thermal decomposition of families of species such as perfluorinated carboxylic acids and perfluorinated sulfonic acids. Unfortunately, experimental data for these reactions are scarce and uncertain. Furthermore, obtaining reliable theoretical predictions for such reactions is a laborious and computationally intensive task. In this work, we present state-of-the-art ab initio transition-state-theory-based master-equation calculations examining the chemical kinetics of the various association/decomposition reactions producing/decomposing the C2 − C4 series of unbranched n-perfluoroalkanes (C2F6, C3F8, and C4F10). The variable-reaction-coordinate transition-state theory (VRCTST) formalism is employed in computing the microcanonical and canonical rates for the association reactions. Reaction thermochemistry is obtained via composite quantum chemistry calculations and the laddering of error-cancelling reaction schemes via a connectivity-based hierarchy approach employing ANL1/ANL0-style reference energies. Lennard-Jones collision model parameters for the considered systems were estimated by a direct dynamics approach, and collisional energy transfer parameters were obtained from analogies to systems of similar size and heavy-atom connectivity. A one-dimensional master equation approach was used to convert the microcanonical rate coefficients from the VRC-TST analysis into temperature- and pressure-dependent rate constants for the association reactions and the reverse dissociation reactions. The data are reported in standardized formats for usage in comprehensive chemical kinetic models for PFAS thermal destruction.
Reversible Small Molecule pan-Ras Inhibitors Display Tunable Affinity for the Active and Inactive forms of Ras.
Authors: Parry Charles , Pellicano Francesca , Schüttelkopf Alexander W. , Beyer Kim , Bower Justin , Bryson Amy , Cameron Kenneth S. , Cerutti Nichole M. , Clark Jonathan P. , Davidson Stuart , Davies Keneth , Drysdale Martin J. , Engelman Jeffrey , Estevan-Barber Anna , Gohlke Andrea , Gray Christopher H. , Guthy Daniel A. , Hong Min , Hopkins Alana , Hutchinson Luke , Konczal Jennifer , Maira Michel , McArthur Duncan , Mezna Mokdad , McKinnon Heather , Nepravishta Ridvan , Ostermann Nils , Pasquali Camila , Pollock Katie , Pugliese Angelo , Rooney Nicholas , Schmiedeberg Niko , Shaw Paul , Velez-Vega Camilo , West Christopher , West Ryan , Zecri Frederic , Taylor John B.
Published: November 2024

Activating mutations of Ras are one of the most prevalent drivers of cancer and are often associated with poor clinical outcomes. Despite FDA approval for two irreversible inhibitors that target the inactive state of KRasG12C, significant unmet clinical need still exists, and the susceptibility of non-G12C mutants to inactive-state inhibition remains unclear. Here we report the discovery of a novel series of reversible inhibitors that bind in an enlarged version of the switch I-II pocket with nanomolar affinities. Dependent on chemotype these can either preferentially bind to the inactive or active state or bind both with similar affinity. The active-state binders inhibit the Raf interaction for wild-type Ras, and a broad range of oncogenic KRas mutants with nanomolar potency. A sub-series of these molecules displays cellular inhibition of Ras-Raf binding, as well as decreased phosphorylation of the downstream protein ERK, demonstrating that potent pan-Ras inhibitors can be accessed from this novel pocket.
An atomically precise Pt17 nanocluster: their electronic structure and high activity for a hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Oiwa Kazutaka , Ikeda Kaoru , Kurosaki Ryuki , Sato Kotaro , Nishi Naoki , Tachibana Haruna , Haque Md. Ahsanul , Kawawaki Tokuhisa , Iida Kenji , Negishi Yuichi
Published: November 2024

Pt nanoclusters (Pt NCs) approximately 1 nm in size show potential as catalysts owing to their large specific surface areas and unique electronic structures, which are influenced by quantum size effects. However, synthesizing Pt NCs with atomic precision under ambient conditions remains challenging, with [Pt17(CO)12(PPh3)8]z (z = 1+ or 2+; CO = carbon monoxide; PPh3 = triphenylphosphine) being the only current example of such a NC. It exhibits extraordinary stability, and its electronic structure and catalytic utility in a range of reactions are topics of widespread interest. In this study, we reveal its electronic structure and explore its catalytic activity in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Our findings revealed that [Pt17(CO)12(PPh3)8]z possesses a discrete electronic structure, with the HOMO and LUMO primarily constituted by the s, p, and d orbitals of Pt; that a Pt17 NC-supported carbon-black catalyst (Pt17/CB) achieves 3.59-times the HER mass activity of a commercially available Pt/CB catalyst; and that the optimal electronic structure of the surface Pt atoms in Pt17/CB significantly enhances its HER activity. These insights underscore the potential of leveraging atomically precise Pt NCs in the design and development of highly active electrocatalysts for water splitting.
The role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the pathogenesis of various diseases: A review
Authors: Vardanyan Mariam A. , Pilyugina Ellina I. , Badlaeva Alina S. , Chuprynin Vladimir D. , Buralkina Natalya A.
Published: November 2024

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular process in which epithelial cells acquire the phenotype and properties of mesenchymal cells. This process plays a large and important role in the progression of various diseases, in the launch of trigger mechanisms at various stages of development, both in men and women, of different age categories. The conducted analysis of literary data allows us to conclude that the triggering factors of EMT in the pathogenesis of various diseases are similar. The impact on the molecular biological targets of EMT will prevent the formation of diseases at early stages. This fact will contribute to the search for targeted drugs for the treatment of such patients.
The Relationship of Individual Characteristics and Farm Biosecurity Implementation with The Incident of Contact Dermatitis
Authors: Prahutami Nadya Salma
Published: November 2024

Poultry workers risk contracting diseases due to physical or biological exposure. One such disease is contact dermatitis. This study aims to analyze the individual and the application of livestock biosecurity that can be associated with cases of contact dermatitis in cage workers. This study a descriptive-quantitative that uses a cross-sectional approach. The research was conducted at PT. X in June 2022. The sample of this study was 43 people who were taken through simple random sampling. Data was collected using questionnaires, interviews, and observations. The results were then tested using Chi-Square and Odds Ratio (OR) with a Confidence Level of 95%. The study showed that two variables were associated with contact dermatitis, namely cage ventilation (OR= 5.45; 95% CI: 1.21 - 24.43; P=0,020) and frequency of hand washing (OR= 2.70; 95% CI: 2.57 - 282.99; P=0,001). Meanwhile, variables that were not significantly related were age (P=0.306), gender (P=0.206), length of work (p=0.698), floor (P=1.000), and PPE usage (P=0.245). Poor environmental quality and personal hygiene practices could affect contact dermatitis in workers. Therefore, efforts are needed, such as occupational safety and health education for workers, routine health checks, and environmental inspections at PT. X.
ANALISA KADAR HDL DAN LDL PADA PEROKOK KONVENSIONAL DAN PEROKOK ELEKTRIK (VAPE)
Authors: Shafitri Dian , Santi Santi , Sulfiani Sulfiani
Published: November 2024

Latar belakang: Merokok merupakan kebiasaan berbahaya bagi kesehatan yang merusak dinding pembuluh darah. Nikotin yang terkandung dalam asap rokok baik rokok konvensional maupun rokok elektrik (vape) akan merangsang hormon adrenalin yang akan merubah metabolisme lemak sehingga kadar HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) di dalam aliran darah menurun dan kadar LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) dalam darah meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar HDL dan LDL pada perokok konvensional dan perokok elektrik (vape).Metode: Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan di RSUD Labuang Baji, dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 20 orang terdiri dari 10 perokok konvensional dan 10 perokok elektrik (vape).Hasil: Penurunan kadar HDL pada perokok konvensional sebanyak 7 responden (70%), tinggi sebanyak 3 responden (30%) pada perokok elektrik (vape) penurunan kadar HDL sebanyak 10 responden (100%). Hasil kadar LDL perokok konvensional dengan klasifikasi optimal 4 responden (40%), hampir optimal 2 responden (20%), ambang batas tinggi 3 responden (30%) dan tinggi 1 responden (10%), pada perokok elektrik (vape) dengan klasifikasi optimal 2 responden (20%), hampir optimal 1 responden (10%), ambang batas tinggi 5 responden (50%) dan tinggi 2 responden (20%).Simpulan: Dari hasil penelitian diharapkan bahwa masyarakat menjaga pola hidup yang sehat serta mengurangi konsumsi rokok.
Evaluation of Pedestrian Pathways on The UKSW Blotongan Campus Landscape on An Ecological Base
Authors: Amaris Lidya Fayza , Sutrisno Alfred Jansen
Published: November 2024

The pedestrian pathways within campus environments play a crucial role in ensuring safety, comfort, and efficient mobility for campus users. At the UKSW Blotongan Campus, there are several deficiencies in the pedestrian pathways that need to be addressed, especially concerning the needs of persons with disabilities and the lack of facilities such as traffic signs and dedicated bike lanes. Moreover, pedestrian pathways should also contribute to improving the surrounding environment. Therefore, the aim of this research is to evaluate the pedestrian pathways on campus and provide practical suggestions for their improvement and development. The method used is purposive sampling involving 20 trees with a diameter >50 cm, which includes an inventory of existing conditions, analysis of carbon absorption and plant dust absorption, and comparison with technical standards. The analysis results show that the Sesbania grandiflora tree (Kembang Turi) can significantly absorb carbon and dust. Based on the analysis results, recommendations can be made for the sustainable and environmentally friendly improvement of pedestrian pathways at the UKSW Blotongan Campus.
Penilaian Status Mutu Air Sungai Citarum Menggunakan Metode Indeks Pencemaran
Authors: Kamila Anastasya , Sadidan Ikhwanussafa , Fauzie Azis Kemal
Published: November 2024

Sungai Citarum merupakan salah satu sungai yang melintasi Kabupaten Karawang, yang kerap kali mengalami pencemaran, sehingga dibutuhkan upaya pengendalian yang tepat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas air di Sungai Citarum agar mengetahui nilai status mutu air sungai, serta memahami peran Dinas Lingkungan Hidup (DLH) Kabupaten Karawang dalam merumuskan strategi pengendalian pencemaran air. Pengambilan sampel dengan metode grab sample dilakukan di dua titik lokasi Sungai Citarum pada Bulan Maret sampai Juni 2023, terhadap parameter Potential of Hydrogen (pH), Oxygen Demand (DO), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and E. coli. Nilai setiap parameter selanjutnya dibandingkan dengan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 22 Tahun 2021 untuk baku mutu air sungai (Kelas I), dan dianalisis menggunakan metode Indeks Pencemaran (IP). Hasil dari penelitian didapatkan bahwa terdapat empat dari tujuh parameter yang melebihi baku mutu, yaitu DO (2,4 mg/L), BOD (2,8 mg/L), COD (7,4 mg/L)), dan E. coli (105,3 MPN/100 ml). Hasil perhitungan nilai IP dari Bulan Maret hingga Juni 2023 berkisar antara 2,6-3.2 (Titik 1) dan 2,4-3,2 (Titik 2). Penelitian mendapatkan bahwa kualitas air Sungai Citarum di wilayah Kabupaten Karawang masuk dalam kategori Tercemar Ringan (IP= 2,91). Upaya pengendalian oleh DLH Kabupaten Karawang adalah melakukan pemantauan dan evaluasi pengolahan limbah cair perusahaan-perusahaan, serta pendampingan dalam pembuatan kebijakan lingkungan.
Pengaruh Variasi Waktu Kontak Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Fe Dalam Air Minum Menggunakan Media Arang Sekam Padi dan Ferrolite
Authors: Cahyani Latifa Dian , Narto Narto , Rois Ibnu
Published: November 2024

Kandungan besi (Fe) yang tinggi dalam air minum dapat menjadi faktor risiko kesehatan, terutama gangguan pencernaan, fungsi hati dan fungsi paru. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variasi waktu kontak terhadap penurunan kadar Fe dalam air, menggunakan media arang sekam padi dan ferrolite. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan Pre-test Post-test Design, pada tiga variasi waktu kontak (15, 20, dan 30 menit) dengan tiga kali pengulangan. Dua jenis media digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu arang sekam padi (ketebalan 50 cm) dan ferrolite (ketebalan 30 cm). Sedangkan air baku yang digunakan untuk penelitian diambil dari sumur penduduk di Dukuh Sudimoro, Timbulharjo, Sewon, Bantul, Yogyakarta. Pengukuran kadar Fe dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Keseluruhan data dianalisis dengan uji Kruskal-Wallis untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar Fe antara sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan, serta uji Wilcoxon Signed Ranks untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar Fe pada setiap perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penurunan kadar Fe pada setiap variasi percobaan, secara berurutan sebesar 74,3% (15 menit), 79,50% (20 menit), dan 80,90% (25 menit). Hasil analisis statistik secara signifikan membuktikan perbedaan kadar Fe antara sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan (P= 0,008). Penelitian juga membuktikan pengaruh signifikan waktu kontak terhadap penurunan kadar Fe (P= 0,027). Penurunan paling optimal pada waktu kontak 25 menit, sebesar 80,90% (dari 3,40 mg/L menjadi 0,67 mg/L). Hasil penelitian telah membuktikan bahwa penggunaan media arang sekam padi dan ferrolite dapat menurunkan kadar Fe hingga 80,90%, pada waktu kontak selama 25 menit.
A REALIZAÇÃO DO DEVER DE POLÍTICA PÚBLICA AMBIENTAL NUM CENÁRIO DE CRISE CLIMÁTICA TRANSNACIONAL PARA A JUSTIÇA SOCIOAMBIENTAL
Authors: Giumelli Canestrini Valéria , Piffer Carla
Published: November 2024

O trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a política pública, especialmente a política pública ambiental, seus instrumentos, o dever dos entes públicos, considerando-se o cenário atual de emergências climáticas, o que torna cada vez mais urgente a aplicação de medidas de mitigação e adaptação de danos, além da realização de justiça socioambiental num cenário de riscos. Desse modo, pretende-se responder ao questionamento de se a realização da justiça socioambiental pode ser realizada por meio dos diversos instrumentos de política pública ambiental. O questionamento se justifica em razão da relevância do tema: as emergências socioambientais são retratos do cenário de riscos de emergências climáticas e seus efeitos em todo o planeta. Na fase de investigação, foi utilizado o método indutivo e, no relatório da pesquisa, empregou-se a base lógica indutiva. Adicionaram-se, ainda, as técnicas do referente, da categoria, dos conceitos operacionais e da pesquisa bibliográfica. Ao final, conclui-se pela necessidade da consideração de um dever de realização de política pública ambiental solidificada, atento ao socioambientalismo, com o envolvimento de todos os atores para o enfrentamento da crise climática e para a realização da justiça socioambiental.
O DIREITO E A INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL COMO NÃO-COISA
Authors: Freitas Cinthia Obladen de Almendra
Published: November 2024

Para o Direito, o estudo e a compreensão da Inteligência Artificial são mais do que uma necessidade são uma premência da sociedade de algoritmos que é ubíqua e pervasiva. Antes de se discutir sobre formas e maneiras de regular a IA, necessita-se compreender, tanto do ponto de vista tecnológico quanto jurídico, o que é a Inteligência Artificial. O artigo tem por objetivo contribuir para a compreensão sobre a Inteligência Artificial, tendo por premissa a filosofia de Byung-Chul Han sobre não-coisas e trazendo uma discussão pautada em aspectos tecnológicos e jurídicos dos elementos que compõem os sistemas de IA: algoritmos e dados. A pesquisa utilizou método dedutivo iniciando pelo entendimento sobre algoritmos e dados, ambos não-coisas, assumindo uma concepção jurídico-filosófica acerca do Direito das Coisas, o qual é arraigado na posse e na coisa física, material e tangível, necessitando urgentemente de uma releitura frente à sociedade de algoritmos e a Era da IA. O estudo toma por base as compreensões sobre IA tanto no cenário nacional quanto internacional, contribuindo com um olhar jurídico e tecnológico sobre não-coisas.
O IMPACTO DA COVID 19 NA SEGURANÇA ALIMENTAR NA REPÚBLICA DOMINICANA E NO BRASIL
Authors: Valdivia Romero Ernesto , Garcia da Costa Ilton
Published: November 2024

A pandemia de Covid 19 causou 6.881.955 mortes em todo o mundo; No Brasil, 705.494 pessoas morreram, 37.789,04 pessoas foram infectadas, e na República Dominicana, 4.384 morreram e 667.048 foram infectadas, e os sistemas de saúde pública foram sobrecarregados pela crise e esta doença aumentou os índices de fome e insegurança alimentar. Qual foi o impacto da pandemia de Covid 19 na Segurança Alimentar no Brasil e na República Dominicana? O objetivo geral: Analisar os principais efeitos da pandemia de Covid 19 na segurança alimentar no Brasil e na República Dominicana para identificar vulnerabilidades e propor ações e estratégias para futuras crises. Objectivos específicos: Analisar estudos, relatórios sobre o impacto da Covid 19, estatísticas de saúde, a resposta dos Estados durante a crise global, o impacto na pobreza, na fome e na Segurança Alimentar. No Brasil, antes da Covid 19 em 2020, havia 51 milhões de pessoas pobres, em 2023 havia mais de 70 milhões de pessoas na pobreza e 5,8 milhões na pobreza extrema e na República Dominicana cerca de 2.460.000 na pobreza. Portanto, por meio da adoção de reformas na Política Pública de Segurança Alimentar, da adoção de estratégias e inovações na produção de alimentos, é possível preparar-se melhor para o impacto de crises futuras e assim alcançar uma segurança alimentar adequada e menos vulnerável no Brasil e em conformidade com a Organização das Nações Unidas para a Alimentação e a Agricultura, Organização Mundial de Saúde, Queiroz (2020). A pesquisa utiliza abordagem dedutiva e pesquisa bibliográfica.
 Palavras-chave: Covid 19, segurança alimentar, pobreza, fome.