bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, photophysical and electrochemical properties of pyridine, pyrazine and triazine-based (D–π–)2A fluorescent dyes
Authors: Imato Keiichi , Enoki Toshiaki , Uenaka Koji , Ooyama Yousuke
Published: July 2019

The donor–acceptor–π-conjugated (D–π–)2A fluorescent dyes OUY-2, OUK-2 and OUJ-2 with two (diphenylamino)carbazole thiophene units as D (electron-donating group)–π (π-conjugated bridge) moiety and a pyridine, pyrazine or triazine ring as electron-withdrawing group (electron-accepting group, A) have been designed and synthesized. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of the three dyes were investigated by photoabsorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, Lippert–Mataga plots, cyclic voltammetry and density functional theory calculations. The photoabsorption maximum (λmax,abs) and the fluorescence maximum (λmax,fl) for the intramolecular charge-transfer characteristic band of the (D–π–)2A fluorescent dyes show bathochromic shifts in the order of OUY-2 < OUK-2 < OUJ-2. Moreover, the photoabsorption bands of the (D–π–)2A fluorescent dyes are nearly independent of solvent polarity, while the fluorescence bands showed bathochromic shifts with increasing solvent polarity (i.e., positive fluorescence solvatochromism). The Lippert–Mataga plots for OUY-2, OUK-2 and OUJ-2 indicate that the Δμ (= μe − μg) value, which is the difference in the dipole moment of the dye between the excited (μe) and the ground (μg) states, increases in the order of OUY-2 < OUK-2 < OUJ-2. Therefore, the fact explains our findings that OUJ-2 shows large bathochromic shifts of the fluorescence maxima in polar solvents, as well as the Stokes shift values of OUJ-2 in polar solvents are much larger than those in nonpolar solvents. The cyclic voltammetry of OUY-2, OUK-2 and OUJ-2 demonstrated that there is little difference in the HOMO energy level among the three dyes, but the LUMO energy levels decrease in the order of OUY-2 > OUK-2 > OUJ-2. Consequently, this work reveals that for the (D–π–)2A fluorescent dyes OUY-2, OUK-2 and OUJ-2 the bathochromic shifts of λmax,abs and λmax,fl and the lowering of the LUMO energy level are dependent on the electron-withdrawing ability of the azine ring, which increases in the order of OUY-2 < OUK-2 < OUJ-2.
INTERVAL LINGUISTIC FUZZY DECISION MAKING IN PERSPECTIVE OF PREFERENCE RELATIONS
Authors: Meng Fanyong , Tang Jia , Zhang Shaolin
Published: July 2019

Consistency analysis is a crucial topic for preference relations. This paper studies the consistency of interval linguistic fuzzy preference relations (ILFPRs) using the constrained interval linguistic arithmetic and introduces a new consistency definition. Then, several properties of this definition are researched. Meanwhile, the connection between this concept and a previous one is discussed. Following this concept, programming models for judging the consistency and for deriving consistent ILFPRs are constructed, respectively. Considering the case that incomplete ILFPRs may be obtained, a programming model for obtaining missing judgments following the consistency discussion is built. Afterwards, the consensus for group decision making (GDM) is studied and a model for adjusting individual ILFPRs to reach the consensus threshold is established. Consequently, an interactive procedure for GDM with ILFPRs is presented. A practical problem is provided to illustrate the utilization of the new algorithm and comparative discussion is offered.
Topical treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae B5055 induced burn wound infection in mice using natural products
Authors: Kumari Seema , Harjai Kusum , Chhibber Sanjay
Published: July 2019

Background: Burn wound infection remains the principal cause of death in burn patients. Efficacy of honey and aloe vera gel was evaluated in the treatment of burn wound infection induced with Klebsiella pneumoniae B5055 and their efficacy was compared with an isolated and well-characterized Klebsiella specific phage Kpn5. Methodology: A full thickness burn wound was induced in mice and infected with K. pneumoniae B5055 via topical route. The efficacy of natural antimicrobial agents (honey and aloe vera gel) topically applied daily was compared with the efficacy of phage Kpn5 suspended in hydrogel applied topically a single time on the burn wound. Efficacy of these antimicrobial agents was assessed on the basis of the percentage of infected mice that survived following treatment. Results: In comparison to untreated control mice, those treated with a single dose of phage Kpn5 at MOI of 200 showed significant reduction in mortality (P < 0.001). Daily application of honey and aloe vera gel provided significant protection (P < 0.001), but in combination with phage, no additional advantage was observed (P > 0.05) compared to the use of honey and aloe vera gel alone. Conclusions: The results of this study strongly suggest that phage Kpn5 has therapeutic value in treating burn wound infection in mice as a single topical application of this phage was able to rescue mice from infection caused by K. pneumoniae B5055 in comparison to multiple applications of honey and aloe vera gel.
Acceptability of voluntary counselling and testing among medical students in Jos, Nigeria
Authors: Daniyam Comfort Ajuma , Agaba Patricia Aladi , Agaba Emmanuel
Published: July 2019

Background: Various preventive strategies have been employed to curb the spread of HIV infection as there is presently no cure. Abstinence, avoidance of multiple sexual partners, condom use, voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) and treatment of HIV-infected individuals form the cornerstone of HIV prevention. This study assessed the acceptability of VCT among medical students in a single institution in Nigeria Methodology: Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to clinical medical students of the University of Jos in a cross-sectional study. Results: Out of a total of 368 students surveyed, 178 (50.7%) have had VCT. There was no significant difference between the proportion of males and females who had had VCT previously (48.9% of males and 56.3% of females; χ2 = 1.65, OR = 0.76 95% CI: 0.46-1.20; p = 0.19). The majority of the respondents (83.1%) would want to have VCT. Fear of a positive test result was the main reason given by those who would be unwilling to be tested. Gender had no effect on the willingness of the subjects to have VCT as 81.8% of males and 87.1% of females were predisposed to it (χ2 = 1.95; OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.31-1.26).  VCT acceptability was similar among sexually active and inactive respondents (80.2% and 80.2% respectively; χ2 = 0.018, p = 0.99). Conclusion: Awareness of VCT services and acceptability of VCT among medical students is high. These students can be role models for the optimization of VCT services.
Effect of a Small Selective Inhibitor of C-Jun N-Terminal Kinase on the Inducible mRNA Expression of Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-18
Authors: Stanilova Spaska A. , Grigorov Boncho G. , Platikanova Magdalena S. , Dobreva Zlatka G.
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND: The expression of many inducible genes, involved in cell growth and differentiation as cytokine genes are regulated by receptor-activated intracellular signalling pathways, including the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.
AIM: We examined the involvement of the JNK signalling pathway in the regulation of the inducible interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) gene expression at the transcriptional level.
METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and C3 binding glycoprotein (C3bgp) with or without SP600125 and cultured for 6 h. After mRNA isolation, a qRT-PCR was performed.
RESULTS: Regarding IL-6 and IL-18 mRNA expression, donors were divided into two groups of high and low responders. SP600125 inhibited significantly IL-6 mRNA transcription in the high responder group and did not influence the transcription level in the low responder group. Concerning IL-18 mRNA, we detect the significant effect of SP600125 on the inducible mRNA in high responder group upon C3bgp stimulation.
CONCLUSION: JNK transduction pathway is involved in the production of IL-6 mRNA, after LPS and C3bgp stimulation. We suggest that the inhibition of JNK may be beneficial only for higher responding patients during the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Description of Barathricola thermophilus, a new species from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent field in the Indian Ocean with redescription of the Barathricola type species (Crustacea, Copepoda, Cyclopoida)
Authors: Ivanenko Viatcheslav N. , Lee Jimin , Chang Cheon Young , Kim Il-Hoi
Published: July 2019

Re-study of the type species of the genus Barathricola Humes, 1999 (Copepoda, Cyclopoida, Schminkepinellidae) described from the Pacific Ocean (Juan de Fuca Ridge), and study of the species Barathricolathermophilussp. nov. from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent field on the Central Ridge in the Indian Ocean revealed a derived feature and widespread geographic distribution of this deep-sea genus of cyclopoids. The derived feature of Barathricola is the sexually dimorphic third endopodal segment of leg 3 possessing a small outer terminal spine together with spine-like outgrowths on this segment. The new species differs from Barathricolarimensis Humes, 1999 in not expressing sexual dimorphism in leg 5, having three spines and one seta on its exopod in both sexes (B.rimensis has three spines and one seta on the female exopod but three spines and two setae on the male exopod) and in having broader caudal rami which are 8.9 times longer than wide in the female (this ratio for B.rimensis is 11). An amended diagnosis of the genus Barathricola, a key and a table of morphological differences for all species of Schminkepinellidae are given.
Les révoltes en Californie mexicaine : entre résistance à l’État et intégration du républicanisme fédéral (1821-1832)
Authors: Perez Tisserant Emmanuelle
Published: July 2019

Cet article se veut une contribution à la réflexion historiographique sur les processus politiques dans le monde hispanique après les indépendances américaines, à partir du cas de la Haute-Californie mexicaine dans les années 1820. L’étude microhistorique de deux révoltes en 1829 et 1831 montre les mécanismes d’articulation entre les enjeux locaux et les catégories politiques partisanes développées à Mexico et dans le reste du pays. Ces révoltes ne doivent pas uniquement être interprétées comme des résistances à la construction nationale mexicaine par les Californiens mais aussi comme une étape vers l’intégration, par leur forme (vocabulaire, pratique du pronunciamiento ) et par leur fond (la défense de la Constitution de 1824). L’adoption des étiquettes partisanes mexicaines en Californie ne témoigne pas d’un processus de diffusion de la capitale vers les provinces mais d’une appropriation et d’une adaptation en fonction des enjeux locaux, ici de la place des missions franciscaines dans une Californie non plus colonie de la monarchie catholique espagnole mais républicaine et fédérale. Les relations entre gouvernements mexicain et haut-californien montrent aussi la dimension nécessairement négociée de la construction du Mexique après l’indépendance.
Femmes en métiers d’hommes. Récits de la modernité et usages marchands du féminisme dans le Paris de 1900
Authors: Rennes Juliette
Published: July 2019

L’accès des femmes à des activités exercées par les hommes des classes populaires urbaines, telles que celles de cocher et d’afficheur public dans les années 1900, n’a pas été intégré dans l’historiographie sur le travail des femmes et dans la mémoire féministe relative aux « pionnières ». Pourtant, ces travailleuses constituèrent un évènement sur la voie publique qui fut très largement photographié, mis en spectacle et érigé en exemple vivant des « conquêtes féministes » et de la « modernité parisienne ». Cet article explore le processus qui a conduit des entrepreneurs, des photographes et des publicistes à embaucher et rendre visibles ces travailleuses, et cherche à comprendre les relations de ces différents acteurs avec les luttes féministes de l’époque pour l’accès des femmes aux métiers traditionnellement masculins. À partir d’archives et de documents photographiques, policiers, associatifs, journalistiques, ainsi que de correspondances manuscrites et de registres de l’état civil, il montre comment la mise en spectacle des avancées en matière d’égalité des sexes constituait alors pour divers entrepreneurs une source de profit symbolique et économique qui n’impliquait pas en tant que tel un soutien aux revendications féministes.
« L’étiquette infamante de volontaire ». Genèse administrative d’une catégorie de l’histoire de l’Occupation
Authors: Fauroux Camille
Published: July 2019

La catégorie administrative de « travailleur volontaire » a été forgée dans la France de la Libération pour désigner les personnes parties travailler en Allemagne de leur plein gré pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Elle est encore utilisée par les historiens. Pourtant, elle charrie avec elle toutes sortes de présupposés liés aux enjeux politiques de la période dans laquelle elle est apparue. Elle impose notamment une perspective nationale étroite, qui empêche de poser à cet objet d’autres questions que celles qui ont trait à la loyauté à l’égard de la France, mais aussi de saisir la trajectoire de ces hommes et de ces femmes dans sa dimension transnationale. Revenir sur la genèse oubliée de cette catégorie permet de se dégager de ces impensés pour ouvrir de nouvelles questions sur l’histoire des classes populaires sous l’Occupation.
De l’acculturation à l’émancipation ? Les politiques sportives éducatives indiennes au début du XX e siècle aux États-Unis
Authors: Delsahut Fabrice , Bancel Nicolas
Published: July 2019

Après la conquête du territoire américain et la mise sous tutelle des Indiens dans des réserves, leur acculturation doit s’accomplir par l’évangélisation et l’éducation au sein de pensionnats, devant inculquer les habitus et les pratiques des Américains blancs. Ces institutions incluent dans leur cursus les pratiques physiques et plus particulièrement le sport, devenu partie intégrante de la culture nationale. Le sport scolaire, pensé comme un facteur d’assimilation, devient un substitut aux pratiques ludosportives ancestrales. Contre toute attente, les écoles de Carlisle et de Haskell, accueillant les Amérindiens, deviennent, grâce au sport, des institutions éminentes dans le réseau des grandes universités américaines. Ce succès non anticipé donne une visibilité nouvelle à une minorité marginalisée. Le gouvernement décide alors de fermer ces écoles ou d’en réduire les programmes sportifs. Les politiques éducatives sportives des écoles destinées aux Indiens ont cependant contribué à faire naître un pan-indianisme sportif qui annonce le pan-indianisme politique émergeant après la Seconde Guerre mondiale.
Influence of Abrasive Materials in Fluidised Bed Machining of AlSi10Mg Parts Made through Selective Laser Melting Technology
Authors: El Hassanin Andrea , Troiano Maurizio , Silvestri Alessia Teresa , Contaldi Vincenzo , Scherillo Fabio , Solimene Roberto , Scala Fabrizio , Squillace Antonino , Salatino Piero
Published: July 2019

Metal Additive Manufacturing technologies development is increasing in a remarkable way due to their great potential concerning the production of complex parts with tailored characteristics in terms of design, material properties, usage and applications. Among all, the most widespread technologies are the Powder Bed Fusion based technologies such as Selective Laser Melting and Electron Beam Melting. However, the high surface roughness of the as-built parts still represents one of the major limitations, making necessary the adoption of post-process finishing to match the technological requirements for most of the fields of application. In this scenario, Fluidised Bed Machining represents an emerging finishing technology that could overcome some of the limitations of the most common methods, especially in terms of feasibility for the treatment of complex parts thanks to the fluid-like mobility of the abrasive material. This work deals with the preliminary tests of the Fluidised Bed Machining of additive manufactured samples using alumina as the abrasive material, investigating the effects of a high abrasive/substrate hardness ratio condition. The experiments were carried out on small plates of AlSi10Mg alloy made through Selective Laser Melting technology, built in the vertical direction with respect to the building plate. The influence of the impact angle and treatment time were investigated under bubbling fluidization conditions. Surface morphology evaluations were carried out pre and post process by means of Confocal Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Weight loss measurements were conducted to evaluate the material removal rates as well. Results show a small influence of the specific impact angle, a slight reduction of the surface roughness and an asymmetrical effect of treatment, acting mostly on the sintered powders forming the peaks of the as-built surface.
Effects of Nano-Ceramic Particle Addition for Cold Sprayed Fluoropolymer Coatings
Authors: Sulen W. Lock , Ravi Kesavan , Bernard Chrystelle , Mary Nicolas , Ichikawa Yuji , Ogawa Kazuhiro
Published: July 2019

Semi-crystalline polymers such as fluoropolymers are extremely difficult to coat with using solid-state deposition technique such as cold spray (CS) due to its high viscoelastic-viscoplastic behavior. Generally, fluoropolymers solid-state deposition using CS are characterized by a relatively low deposition efficiency (DE) as compared to metallic materials using this deposition technique. In this article, the study on the effect of hydrophobic fumed nanosilica (FNS) and fumed nanoalumina (FNA) in Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) solid-state deposition using CS has been studied. This study incorporated certain parameters related to the CS process. In addition, powder modification technique using hydrophobic FNS and FNA as additive to feedstock has been studied as well. The results show a number of parameters affected the DE; particle size, traverse speed, gas temperature, and addition of hydrophobic fumed nanoparticles, indicated a better DE. Moreover, PFA coating produced in this manner, retained its hydrophobicity.
Assessment of Heat Treatment Effect on AlSi10Mg by Selective Laser Melting through Indentation Testing
Authors: Maculotti Giacomo , Genta Gianfranco , Lorusso Massimo , Galetto Maurizio
Published: July 2019

Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is one of the leader metal Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes thanks to its capability of coupling freeform design and environmental and economical sustainability to high mechanical properties. AlSi10Mg is a light weight Al-alloy with interesting processing properties and enhanced strength thanks to the presence of Mg, which, hence, finds application in several industrial fields. Furthermore, SLM allows overcoming those design constraints set by casting and melt spinning; however, SLM AlSi10Mg components require to be heat treated, both to strengthen the material and to engineer the microstructure. In this work, in order to assess the effectiveness of heat treatments on AlSi10Mg by SLM, an ad hoc analysis procedure based on statistical tools is applied in combination with indentation characterisation tests. In particular, to achieve full scale characterisation, traditional Brinell hardness and Instrumented Indentation Test (IIT) in macro and nano-range are considered. In particular, IIT is applied both at the lower end of macro range to provide consistency and statistically investigate relationship with Brinell scale and in the nano-range, enabling local, i.e. grain, and surface properties to be characterised.
Effect of Multi Pass Friction Stir Processing on Surface Modification and Properties of Aluminum Alloy 6061
Authors: Vyas Hardik , Mehta Kush P.
Published: July 2019

In the present investigation, friction stir processing (FSP) is carried out with multi pass processing having 100 % overlap zone on the workpiece material of aluminum alloy 6061 with constant FSP parameters and varying multi pass processing conditions. Novel processing concept of multi pass FSP was performed with different rotation directions (such as clock wise and anti-clock wise directions) and processing directions (such as forward, reverse and revert directions). Surface inspection, macrographs and microstructures of the processed regions are evaluated and compared with each other. Multi-pass FSP with 100 % overlapping of two passes caused intense dynamic recrystallization and resulted in reduced grain size. Hardness of processed zone was found increased in case of two pass FSP. Minimum tensile strength was reported with double sided FSP compare to single pass and two pass FSPs. No major variations in tensile strength were reported in case of single pass and two pass FSPs.
Cold Spray for Additive Manufacturing: Possibilities and Challenges
Authors: Garmeh Saeed , Jadidi Mehdi , Dolatabadi Ali
Published: July 2019

Cold spray (CS) is a deposition technique to form a coating from the particles with temperature lower than their melting point. In this technique, particles are accelerated by a supersonic flow of a carrier gas such as air or nitrogen. Upon impact, particles undergo significant plastic deformation that bonds them to the substrate. Since the particles are not molten, this deposition method does not apply a lot of heat to the substrate and this makes CS the best candidate for temperature sensitive and oxygen sensitive materials. CS can be adapted to form 3D objects following layer-by-layer approach. This is called cold gas dynamic manufacturing (CGDM) or cold spray as additive manufacturing. Developing complex shapes by CGDM may result in formation of inclined surfaces, corners and sharp edges. Deposition in those regions is often accompanied with challenges that affect the accuracy and efficiency of the manufacturing. In this study, CGDM for two typical shapes such as cylinder and frustum on a flat substrate has been simulated to represent the additively manufactured parts. Particle trajectories and impact conditions i.e. velocity and size distributions have been compared. The results of numerical modelling provided useful information for understanding the limitations and challenges associated with CGDM that can help us to improve the quality and precision of particle deposition.
Tantalum Based High-Pressure Cold Spray Coatings on Stainless Steel Substrate
Authors: Sripada Jagannadh V.S.N. , Gallant Megil F. , Saha Gobinda C. , Singh Reeti , Kondas Jan
Published: July 2019

Tantalum as a transition element possesses good corrosion resistant properties, along with ductility and hardness. It is also one of the best heat-resistant material (melting point 2996°C) and is known for its high heat and electrical conductivity. In this research, Tantalum is deposited on stainless steel substrate using high-pressure cold spray (HPCS) method. Cold spray coating technology enables the deposition of powder feedstock without melting. Feedstock particles are propelled through a nozzle at supersonic velocities and they deform plastically on impact, resulting in good bonding strength to the substrate. The low temperature and solid-state deposition associated with cold spray allows refractory materials such as Ta, Mo, and W to be deposited without high temperature requirements. The objective of this work is to achieve a dense and nonporous coating microstructure with a high deposition efficiency. The hardness of as-received tantalum particles is found to be 279 HV0.3and the microstructure is very dense. Tensile testing carried on the sample coated at a stagnation gas pressure of 50 bar and gas inlet temperature of 900°C exhibited an ultimate tensile strength of 442 MPa and adhesion strength of 77 MPa. Further mechanical properties of the coating in terms of hardness is carried out by nanoindentation. These results will be correlated with microstructural imaging and elemental analysis including morphology and composition using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques.
An Experimental Characterization of Powder/Substrate Interaction during Direct Metal Deposition for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Troiano Maurizio , Silvestri Alessia Teresa , Scherillo Fabio , El Hassanin Andrea , Solimene Roberto , Squillace Antonino , Salatino Piero
Published: July 2019

The physical behavior of metal powders during laser-based additive manufacturing processes has been investigated. In particular, an experimental campaign of direct metal deposition has been carried out to evaluate the effect of the laser power and spot size on the powder/substrate interaction and on the surface morphology of the final piece. A fast-camera has been used to evaluate the interaction phenomena during the printing process, while confocal microscopy has been carried out to measure the surface morphology of the samples. Results highlighted that increasing the laser power and laser spot size, the particle impact velocity is about constant, while the powder/laser/substrate interaction zone increases. As a consequence, the mean thickness increases, as confirmed by surface characterization.
Editorial
Authors: Jayawardana J. M. C. K.
Published: July 2019

No abstract available
Effect of Quantitative Early Feed Restriction on Growth Performances, Meat Quality, Abdominal Fat and Serum Lipid Profile in Broiler Chicken
Authors: Jayasiri H. P. B. S. , Nayananjalie W. A. D. , Adikari A. M. J. B.
Published: July 2019

Excessive fat in modern broiler strains is one of the major problems faced by the broiler industry. This experiment was conducted to study the effect of feed restriction at early age on broiler chicken performance, meat quality, abdominal fat content, and serum lipid prole. Two hundred, Cobb500 day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned into five treatments; T1: ad-libitum feeding (control), T2 and T3: 75 and 50% of ad-libitum feeding from day 8 - 14, respectively, T4 and T5: 75 and 50% of ad-libitum feeding from day 15 - 21, respectively. All birds were fed with ad-libitum before and after the completion of the respective restriction periods. Total feed intake was significantly lower (p<0.05) in T3 and T5 compared to the birds in the control group. However, no differences (p>0.05) were observed in weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and dressing percentage among the treatments. Abdominal fat and muscle crude fat contents in birds fed with restricted diets from day 8 - 14 were significantly lower (p<0.05) compared to the control. There was no inuence (p>0.05) of treatments on organ weights, muscle protein contents, and serum lipid profile. In conclusion, 50% feed restriction during day 8 - 14 is a better solution to reduce the fat deposition without interfering on growth performances of broiler chicken with lower cost.
Environmental Protection through Judicial Review: The Sri Lankan Experience
Authors: Thilakarathna K. A. A. N.
Published: July 2019

The world is facing many challenges and some of them directly relates to the survival of the mankind. The environment is degrading at rates never seen before and this is one such question that has created a discourse on the protection of the environment at a global level. For a small country like Sri Lanka with riches of environmental beauty and the bio-diversity, the degrading of its environment has causes serious concerns. One can argue that, this could be due to the lack of a justiciable right to a healthy environment meaning that no one as of a right can claim for a healthy environment. The fundamental rights chapter found in the 1978 Constitution of the Democratic Socialist republic of Sri Lanka does not have provisions to protect the environment under it and while the directive principles recognizes the importance of the environment and the corresponding duties of the citizens of the country to protect and safeguard it, it is however, not justiciable meaning not enforceable in a Court of law. In this backdrop, the mechanism of judicial review which strikes out arbitrary decisions of the governmental authorities have facilitated the lack of constitutional provisions regarding environmental protection. This paper ex- amines how and to what extent the Sri Lankan Courts have been successful in achieving this target through the use of judicial review.
Plato on Political Stability: Some Lessons for Nigeria
Authors: Olatunji M. O.
Published: July 2019

The Greek world during the time of Plato was characterized by political challenges and pronounced social injustices. There were turmoil and party conflicts. Plato saw Greece of his time as a place that was very difficult to govern properly because of opposition from those who were bent on putting their own interest above that of the state. Plato saw most of the politicians of his time as selfish. There was violence and party struggles and the eventual defeat of Athens by Sparta and other members of the Peloponnesian Confederacy in 404 BC; a defeat which Plato attributed to maladministration by the rulers. In order to change the undesirable trend of event for better, Plato came up with a series of ideas. The scenario that characterized the Greek world in which Plato lived is to a very large extent similar to the happenings in twenty first century Nigeria. This paper therefore examines the theory postulated by Plato as the panacea to the crisis in Greece of his time and draw out areas that are relevant as solutions to the socio-political challenges facing Nigeria in the twenty first century. The paper adopts a blend of Critical Theory, Historiography and Philosophical analysis as its research methodology and concludes among other things with a clarion call to address headlong the obvious leadership challenges that have been the cog in the wheel of the Nigeria’s progress for years.
Survival Parametric Models to Estimate the Factors of Under-Five Child Mortality
Authors: Saroj Rakesh Kumar , Murthy K. H. H. V. S. S. Narasimha , Kumar Mukesh , Singh Rajneesh , Kumar Avadhesh
Published: July 2019

Aims:

Child survival status is one of the major health-related concerns in all over the developing countries. There are various socioeconomic, demographic, environmental, and proximate and biological factors which are responsible for under-five child mortality. Our aim was to find the significant factors among various responsible factors under study using parametric and semi-parametric models.

Materials and Methods:

In this article, National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-IV data is used state of Uttar Pradesh in India after authentication and permission. Cox regression analysis (semi-parametric model) was performed to obtain the significant role of variables. Parametric models (Weibull, exponential, log-logistic, and log-normal) were performed to estimate the survival.

Results:

By using the Cox regression model, it was found that socioeconomic, demographic (education level, women's age, and religion), and proximate and biological factors (women's age in years, total number of children ever born, birth in the last 5 years, number of living children, currently breastfeeding, smokers, desire for more children, size of child, delivery by cesarean section, antenatal care visits, and birth order) play a significant role in the context of under-five child mortality. Based on the Akaike Information Criterion's (32985.3) minimum value, the Weibull model was found to be best fitted among all the other parametric models.

Conclusions:

There is used different parametric models. It is found that Weibull model is best fitted among all models. The study concludes that child mortality influences by the different factors. The study suggests that public health researcher, clinicians, health policy makers and other demographer need to implement more health programs related to child health especially for the under-five year children.
Spectral Properties of 2D Pauli Operators with Almost-Periodic Electromagnetic Fields
Authors: Bony Jean-François , Espinoza Nicolás , Raikov Georgi
Published: July 2019

We consider a 2D Pauli operator with almost-periodic field

b

and electric potential

V

. First, we study the ergodic properties of

H

and show, in particular, that its discrete spectrum is empty if there exists a magnetic potential which generates the magnetic field

b - b_{0}

, where

b_{0}

is the mean value of

b

. Next, we assume that

V = 0

, and investigate the zero modes of

H

. As expected, if

b_{0} \neq 0

, then generically dim Ker

H = \infty

. If

b_{0} = 0

, then for each

m \in \N \cup \{ \infty \}

, we construct an almost-periodic

b

such that dim Ker

H = m

. This construction depends strongly on results concerning the asymptotic behavior of Dirichlet series, also obtained in the present article.
On Cheeger and Sobolev differentials in metric measure spaces
Authors: Kell Martin
Published: July 2019

Recently, Gigli developed a Sobolev calculus on non-smooth spaces using module theory. In this paper it is shown that his theory fits nicely into the theory of differentiability spaces initiated by Cheeger, Keith and others. A relaxation procedure for

L^p

-valued subadditive functionals is presented and a relationship between the module generated by a functional and the one generated by its relaxation is given. In the framework of differentiability spaces, which includes so called PI- and RCD(

K,N

)-spaces, the Lipschitz module is pointwise finite dimensional. A general renorming theorem together with the characterization above shows that the Sobolev spaces of differentiability spaces are reflexive.
Абелева теорема для правильно меняющейся меры и ее плотности в октанте
Authors: Yakymiv Arsen Lubomirovich
Published: July 2019

Рассматривается $\sigma$-конечная мера $U$, сосредоточенная в положительном координатном угле $\mathbf{R}^n_+=[0,\infty)^n$, для которой существует преобразование Лапласа $\widetilde{U}(\lambda)$ при $\lambda\in\operatorname{int} \mathbf{R}^n_+$. Пусть заданы функции $R(t)>0$ и $b(t)=(b_1(t),…,b_n(t))\in\operatorname{int} \mathbf{R}^n_+$ при $t\geq0$ такие, что $R(t)\to\infty$, $b_i(t)\to\infty$\enskip $\forall i=1,…,n$. При некоторых предположениях на эти функции, из слабой сходимости последовательности мер $U(b(t) {\cdot} )/R(t)$ к $\Phi{( \cdot )}$ при $t\to\infty$ выводится сходимость $\widetilde{U}(\lambda/b(t))\to\widetilde{\Phi}(\lambda)<\infty$ для любого $\lambda\in\operatorname{int} \mathbf{R}^n_+$ ($t\to\infty$) (умножение и деление векторов - покомпонентное). Функцию $f\colon \mathbf{R}_+^n\to \mathbf{R}_+$ назовем правильно меняющейся на бесконечности в $\mathbf{R}_+^n$ вдоль $b(t)$, если для всех $x$, $x(t) \in \mathbf{R}_+^n\setminus\{0\}\colon x(t)\to x$ выполнено соотношение $f(b(t)x(t))/f(b(t))\to\varphi(x)\in(0,\infty)$ при $t\to\infty$. Даны достаточные условия на такие функции, при выполнении которых $\widehat{f}(\lambda/b(t))\equiv\widetilde{U}(\lambda/b(t)) \to\widehat{\phi}(\lambda)\equiv\widetilde{\Phi}(\lambda)<\infty$ для любого $\lambda\in\operatorname{int} \mathbf{R}^n_+$\enskip ($t\to\infty$) при $U(dx)=f(x) dx$, $\Phi(dx)=\varphi(x) dx$.
Полученная абелева теорема применяется в конце статьи для исследования предельного поведения распределения типа кратного степенного ряда.
Индекс Гиттинса для простого семейства марковских игровых автоматов при штрафах за переход и отсутствии дисконтирования
Authors: Savelov M P
Published: July 2019

В задаче о марковских игровых автоматах, также известной как задача о многоруком бандите, рассматривается случай, когда отсутствует дисконтирование и присутствуют штрафы за переход от одного игрового автомата к другому, а марковские цепи, задающие эволюцию игровых автоматов, имеют конечное пространство состояний. Оптимальной считается стратегия, имеющая наибольшую среднюю прибыль за единицу времени на бесконечном временном отрезке. В статье доказано, что в данной задаче оптимальная стратегия может быть задана с помощью индекса Гиттинса в случае естественного предположения о неотрицательности штрафов.
Многоканальная система с одновременным обслуживанием требования несколькими приборами при постоянном времени обслуживания
Authors: Grishunina Svetlana Alekseevna
Published: July 2019

Изучаются условия стабильности многоканальной системы обслуживания с регенерирующим входящим потоком, в которой одному требованию необходимо для обслуживания случайное число приборов одновременно и требование занимает каждый прибор на постоянное время. Оказывается, что условие стабильности зависит от интенсивности входящего потока, но не зависит от его структуры.
Contemporary art and patents
Authors: Blakeney Michael
Published: July 2019

This article investigates whether contemporary art can or should be protected by patent law. The investigation commences with a working definition of contemporary art and then examines the way that patent law has treated fine art in the US, UK and Australia, and whether this treatment would extend to contemporary art. A number of examples of patents granted to types of contemporary art are reviewed.
Immaterial cultural property and the private owner: how copyright and trade law might address access and preservation
Authors: Corbett Susan
Published: July 2019

Private owners of culturally significant works are legally entitled to refuse to permit third parties, including cultural heritage institutions (CHIs), to access those works. This situation is particularly problematic for CHIs when the cultural works at issue are immaterial works that are supported on unstable physical platforms, such as cellulose acetate film, cellulose tapes or early computer software. Ideally, these cultural works should undergo urgent digital preservation processes in order to preserve and protect the public interest in accessing its cultural heritage.

If property is culturally important, a private owner's ability to withhold it from third party access may conflict with the human right to participate in cultural life, as affirmed in international human rights law. Noting however that human rights law also provides that ‘no-one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property’, a balance between the property rights of the owner and the public interest in culture is essential. This article proposes amendments to copyright law and domestic trade law as possible ways to provide this balance. This article focuses on New Zealand law and its earliest immaterial cultural works, but the arguments could be extended to other cultural works and to other jurisdictions.
Philips v Bansal and Bhagirathi Electronics: India's first decision on the infringement of a standard essential patent
Authors: Bharadwaj Ashish , Jain Srajan
Published: July 2019

The Delhi High Court considered the law and policy issues around standard essential patents in India. While the court adopted a very internationalist approach to the issue it included many unfortunate findings, which are explored here.
Tebeos sobre Le Corbusier. Cinco historietas gráficas sobre su vida y obra. Sobre el personaje (1/2)
Authors: Bravo de Laguna Socorro Alberto
Published: July 2019

Se reúnen en este artículo cinco historietas gráficas sobra lavida y obra de Le Corbusier. Una colección cuyos componentes individualmente podrían no tener entidad para ser objeto de estudio, pero re-contextualizados y analizados conjuntamente formarán  parte de una serie, una reunión de propuestas gráficas diferentes que comparten el ser protagonizadas,  en distinto grado, por el arquitecto. Somos conscientes de la desigual intervención de Le Corbusier y su arquitectura en ellos, y del dispar interés que pueden tener para una revista de este campo, por ello optamos por sacarlos de su contexto y juntarlos, conocedores de su heterogeneidad, y observar en ellos diversas maneras gráfico/narrativas  de abordar a Le Corbusier dentro del cómic. En una zona fronteriza entre seriedad, rigor y entretenimiento, estas cinco historietas merecen  una interpretación común desde el personaje, la narración gráfica, la intervención de la arquitectura y su dibujo.
Espacio, masa y ornato en la transición del Gótico al Renacimiento en España
Authors: García-Ortega Antonio-Jesús , Ruiz de la Rosa José Antonio
Published: July 2019

La introducción en España de las nuevas formas y sintaxis renacentistas a lo largo del siglo xvi no se produjo con un abandono radical e inmediato de los viejos usos góticos, de validez comprobada en trascendentales cuestiones del diseño arquitectónico. La renovación de la producción fue heterogénea y en cierto modo particular de cada artífice, según su formación previa y el grado de contacto, coherencia y compromiso con las novedades italianas, generando un panorama híbrido y plural en la arquitectura del quinientos hispano. Atendiendo a significativos textos y documentos gráficos de la época, se pretende rastrear los cambios, e inercias, en el proceso de diseño arquitectónico durante esta larga etapa de transición, estructurando el análisis a partir de tres categorías sustanciales, interdependientes y autónomas a la vez: espacio, masa y ornato.
Levantamiento gráfico de patrimonio industrial en actividad: Nueva Cerámica de Orio
Authors: Senderos Laka María , León Cascante Iñigo , Pérez Martínez José Javier
Published: July 2019

Mediante este trabajo se quiere poner de relieve la dificultad que supone la realización de un levantamiento gráfico en un espacio arquitectónico que es  industrial y además está en uso. Frente a la necesidad de elaborar una documentación gráfica de manera precisa y rigurosa, en un ámbito con un alto grado de fragmentación espacial e iluminación natural muy deficiente, la aplicación de las técnicas fotogramétricas y escaneado láser presentan limitaciones importantes. De esta manera, se hace necesario recurrir a herramientas complementarias, en las que el levantamiento gráfico tradicional, mediante el uso combinado de procesos de medición directa, juega un papel fundamental.  Se describe el procedimiento combinado de las distintas técnicas empleadas y algunos resultados comparativos que permiten establecer conclusiones sobre  la calidad de la documentación geométrica obtenida.
conversando con...Odile Decq
Authors: Gilabert Sanz Salvador , Mínguez de Molina Beatriz
Published: July 2019

Ganó en 1996 el “León de Oro” en Venecia.

En 2014 le conceden la “Médaille de Vermeil et d’Honneur de l’Académie d’Architecture”.

En 2015 crea su propia escuela de arte y arquitectura, Confluenc.

En 2015 le otorgan el Doctorate Honoris Causa of Architecture - Laval University, Quebec.

En 2016 fue galardonada con el premio Jane Drew.

En 2018 fue designada Comandante de la Orden Nacional del Mérito (Francia).
Arquitecturas interactivas. Prácticas visuales emergentes en la ciudad interfaz
Authors: Felip Miralles Francisco
Published: July 2019

Vivimos la transición de una arquitectura estática a una dinámica propiciada por la integración de las nuevas tecnologías en el entorno urbano. En este escenario los ciudadanos abandonan su rol pasivo para afianzarse como agentes activos de este cambio, proponiendo nuevos modos de relación con la ciudad. A través del análisis conceptual de recientes instalaciones urbanas interactivas es posible constatar dos hechos: por un lado, la consolidación de una tendencia hacia el uso creativo de la luz como germen de nuevos lenguajes visuales para promover el diálogo entre el ciudadano y el entorno urbano; y por otro, que dotar de recursos tecnológicos a espacios públicos con el fin de ser practicados desde la interactividad fomenta la participación y fortalece el vínculo del ciudadano con su ciudad, siendo positivo para el desarrollo urbano.
De ríos y montañas: la poética de la pintura tradicional en la arquitectura china contemporánea
Authors: Zhang Yimeng , Bigas Vidal Montserrat , Gomes Renata , Mercadé Juan , Li Gaoli , Bravo Farre Luis , Chen Ting
Published: July 2019

La pintura tradicional china –para nosotros similar a un tipo de dibujo– presenta rasgos inequívocamente modernos en su concepción; su poética construye el espacio y  el tiempo de forma análoga a la arquitectura. Este artículo analiza la manera en que las estructuras visuales de esas obras crean una peculiar experiencia narrativa espacio-temporal. Veremos cómo diferentes arquitectos contemporáneos chinos idean, a partir de esa pintura, una serie de arquitecturas que toman de su tradición pictórica su base conceptual y su forma de expresión. Evitan imitar acríticamente modelos internacionales e incorporan sutilmente rasgos específicos de la propia cultura; dotan de significado a la arquitectura mediante el contraste entre conceptos modernos y tradicionales. La comprensión de la forma sutil en que estos recursos son aplicados a sus procesos de ideación, nos permite intuir, también en nuestro contexto occidental, la posibilidad de nuevas formas de enriquecer el proyecto, conectándolo poéticamente con elementos de nuestra tradición y corregir así su frecuente deriva hacia lo utilitario, lo icónico o la simple banalidad.
Soviet Legacies of Economic Development, Oligarchic Rule, and Electoral Quality in Eastern Europe's Partial Democracies: The Case of Ukraine
Authors: Lankina Tomila , Libman Alexander
Published: July 2019

Can economic development retard democracy, defying expectations of classic modernization theorizing? If so, under what conditions? Our article addresses the puzzle of poor democratic performance in highly urbanized and industrialized postcommunist states. We assembled an original dataset
with data from Ukraine's local and national elections and constructed district- (rayon) and region- (oblast) level indices of electoral quality. Regions and districts that score higher on developmental indices also score lower on electoral quality, including in Ukraine's Western
regions conventionally considered more democratic than the predominantly Russian-speaking Eastern regions. We explain these outcomes with reference to the peculiarities of Soviet industrial development, which facilitated the emergence of "oligarchs" in territories housing Soviet-era mega-industries.
Our research contributes to comparative debates about the links between economic development and democracy.
Early instrumental meteorological measurements in Switzerland
Authors: Pfister Lucas , Hupfer Franziska , Brugnara Yuri , Munz Lukas , Villiger Leonie , Meyer Lukas , Schwander Mikhaël , Isotta Francesco Alessandro , Rohr Christian , Brönnimann Stefan
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The decadal variability of weather and its extremes
are still poorly understood. This is partly due to the scarcity of records,
which, for many parts of the world, only allow for studies of 20th century
weather. However, the 18th and early 19th centuries saw some
pronounced climatic variations, with equally pronounced impacts on the
environment and society. Considerable amounts of weather data are available
even for that time but have not yet been digitised. Given recent
progress in the quantitative reconstruction of subdaily weather, such data
could form the basis of weather reconstructions. In Switzerland,
measurements before 1864 (the start of the national network) have never been
systematically compiled except for three prominent series (Geneva, Basel,
Great St. Bernard Pass). Here we provide an overview of early instrumental
meteorological measurements in Switzerland resulting from an archive survey.
Our inventory encompasses 334 entries from 206 locations, providing an
estimated 3640 station years and reaching back to the early 18th
century. Most of the data sheets have been photographed and a considerable
fraction is undergoing digitisation. This paper accompanies the online
publication of the imaged data series and metadata. We provide a detailed
inventory of the series, discuss their historical context, and provide the
photographed data sheets. We demonstrate their usefulness on behalf of two
historical cases and show how they complement the existing series in Europe.
If similar searches in other countries yield similarly rich results, an
extension of daily weather reconstructions for Europe back to the 1760s is
possible.