bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RAZVOJ INFORMACIONIH SISTEMA PRIMENOM LEAN PRILAZA
Authors: Vidović Daria
Published: December 2022

Za otvaranje novog proizvodnog sistema za proizvodnju vina  je izrađen tehnološki postupak, izvršen je izbor rejona za odabir parcele, izbor šire i uže lokacije. Kako bi vinarija na samom početku bila što uspešnija, uočena je potreba za primenom lean filozofije, prikazani su lean pojmovi sa fokusom na mapiranje toka vrednosti (VSM) i prikazan je elektronski kanban koji će se koristiti. Projektovan je tok vrednosti koji je omogućio slikovit prikaz procesa proizvodnje, od same berbe grožđa do isporuke gotovih proizvoda kupcima. U novoj vinariji je razvijen informacioni sistema primenom  lean prilaza kako bi se poboljšalo poslovanje i koristile mogućnosti novih tehnologija.
EFIKASNI PORTFOLIO I RIZIK-PRINOS KRIVA INDIFERENTNOSTI U PROCESIMA INVESTIRANJA
Authors: Grabež Maja
Published: December 2022

U ovom radu opisane su hartije od vrednosti kojima se trguje na berzama i rizici koji se javljaju u samom procesu investiranja kako bi se mogao stvoriti portfolio hartija od vrednosti koji će investitoru obezbediti najveći mogući prinos po tom osnovu, odnosno zaradu.
PLANIRANJE PROIZVODA I USLUGA U PROCESU STRATEŠKOG PLANIRANJA
Authors: Delić Siniša
Published: December 2022

U radu će biti prikazana konditorska industrija, trendovi, kao i sama konkurencija kako bi se shodno time uveo odgovarajući proizvoda koji će doprineti diverzifikaciji, ali i profitu kompanije Atlantic Štark. Nakon prepoznavanja trendova i konkurencije planira se kreiranje persona koji će koristiti taj proizvod. Nakon kreiranja proizvoda potrebno je izvšiti promociju koja će pomoći kupcima da se sa njim upoznaju. Poslednja dva koraka predstavljaju finansije i terminski plan koji su u isto vreme i odlučujući faktori u realiziji samog plana.
RAZVOJ PLANA DIGITALNOG MARKETINGA
Authors: Milanović Jelena
Published: December 2022

Razvoj novih tehnologija i Interneta, ali i njihova primena doveli su do raznih promena kako u svakodnevnom životu ljudi, tako i u poslovanju kompa­nija. Kako bi bile konkurentne na tržištu, kompanije moraju da pronađu načine kako da izgrade odnos sa kupcima, ali i da ih zadrže kao lojalne potrošače. Marketing predstavlja upravo oblast menadžmenta koja je usmerena na potrošače i odnos sa njima. Kako ljudi danas komuniciraju i informišu se najčešće putem Interneta, ali i sve više i na društvenim mrežama, digitalni marketing doživeo je razvoj i sve veću primenu. Predmet istraživanja ovog rada jeste proces kreiranja predloga plana digitalnog marketinga “Risus Ortodoncije” iz Novog Sada, čijom će primenom nastup ove ordinacije na onlajn kanalima komunikacije biti unapređen, ali i dovesti do unapređenja celog poslovanja. U okviru rada kreiran je plan digitalnog marketinga prema SOSTAC procesu. Izvršena je situaciona analiza, a na osnovu rezultata dobijenih u istoj određen je cilj plana, strategija, taktike, način implementacije, ali i kontrola plana.
IDENTIFIKACIJA I PROCENA IZVORA EMISIJE BISFENOLA A U PROCEDNIM VODAMA DEPONIJE KOMUNALNOG OTPADA
Authors: Stjepić Staša , Novaković Mladenka , Petrović Maja
Published: December 2022

Bisfenol A (BPA) predstavlja široko primenjivanu supstancu koja se koristi u proizvodnji polikarbonatne plastike i epoksidnih smola. Postao je sveprisutan u životnoj sredini kao rezultat velike proizvodnje i potrošnje proizvoda koji sadrže ovu supstancu. Jedan od potencijalnih izvora su procedne vode sa deponije otpada čime se obezbeđuje migracija Bisfenola A do površinskih i podzemnih vodenih tokova. U okviru rada realizovano je ispitivanje prisustva Bisfenola A u procednoj vodi na nesanitarnoj kontrolisanoj deponiji u Novom Sadu. Uzorci su analizirani na HPLC sistemu za kvantifikaciju, pri čemu su dobijeni rezultati upoređeni sa rezultatima drugih studija o sadržaju Bisfenola A u procednoj vodi.
PRELIMINARNA PROCENA RIZIKA OD POPLAVA DUNAVA ZA TERITORIJU NOVOG SADA
Authors: Lazić Cveta
Published: December 2022

Primenom propisa Republike Srbije izrađena je Preliminarna procena rizika od poplava za Novi Sad, u cilju procene postojećih i potencijalnih rizika od poplava. Analizom poplava koje su se dogodile u prošlosti, verovatnoće pojave budućih poplava, karakte­ristika terena i hidroloških karakteristika utvrđeno je da je oko 80% naselja Novi Sad ugroženo poplavama, što je prikazano na karti poplavnog područja.
SAJBER OSIGURANJE ZA MALA I SREDNJA PREDUZEĆA
Authors: Sekulić Jelena
Published: December 2022

U radu su nakon uvoda koji oslikava sajber prostor prikazom nekoliko njegovih karakteristika, izložene osnove upravljanja rizikom, kako bi se ukazalo na značaj sajber osiguranja u tom procesu. Dalje je dat pregled postojećih polisa sajber osiguranja, iz ugla pokrića, ali i izuzetaka. Poslednje poglavlje opisuje metodologiju procene nivoa rizika preduzeća koje aplicira za sajber osiguranje i proračuna cene premije, na koju utiču brojni faktori.
IMPLEMENTACIJA A* ALGORITMA ZA PRAĆENJE KRETANJA IGRAČA OD STRANE PROTIVNIKA NA PRIMERU ROGUELIKE 2D VIDEO IGRE
Authors: Milinković Nikola
Published: December 2022

Zadatak ovog rada jeste razvijanje roguelike računarske igre, gde su prvobitno istražene osnovne karakteristike ovog žanra, a potom je definisan grafički stil video igre. Definisan je razvoj i funkcio­nisanje A* algoritma za praćenje kretanja kroz razne me­dije i primere, nakon čega je taj isti algoritam implemen­tiran u prethodno spomenutoj video igri. Predstavljeni su problemi karakteristični za ovaj format implementacije, predstavljena je metodologija rešavanja tih istih proble­ma i saveti za izbegavanje istih. Kao rezultat, dobijena je apsolutno funkcionalna video igra koja odgovara oda­branom stilu sa besprekornim A* algoritmom za praćenje kretanja.
МУЛТИМЕДИЈАЛНА РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦИЈА ЕЛЕМЕНАТА ЗНАКОВНОГ ЈЕЗИКА ЗАСНОВАНА НА МАШИНСКОМ УЧЕЊУ
Authors: Варга Марија , Крстановић Лидија
Published: December 2022

У раду је реализован систем за мултимедијалну репрезентацију знаковног језика заснован на машинском учењу. Овакав систем представља добар основ за даљи развој система за превођење и посредовање у комуникацији са глувонемим особама. Препознавање покрета руке и разумевање шта направљен покрет значи у реалном времену представља велики изазов у компјутерској визији. Направљен је систем који детектује покрет шаке и препознаје значење начињеног покрета, а након тога покрет преноси на 3Д дигитални модел шаке у реалном времену.
Insulin resistance; mechanisms and related health hazards: a review article
Authors: Ali Eyad , Alshehri Waleed , Alahmadi Hassan , Khoushbai Eyad , Alrohily Abdulhadi , Farhan Sultan , Alzahrani Ibrahim , Alharbi Rayan
Published: December 2022

Insulin resistance (IR) is related to metabolic syndrome, which is manifested by biochemical and physical disturbances that could be related to increased weight, atherogenic dyslipidemia, pro-inflammatory conditions, pro-thrombotic conditions, and hypertension. The process is complex, and the operating mechanisms are not well understood. Thus, this article aimed to determine the mechanisms of IR and its related serious health problems. It was found that subjects with impaired glucose-6-phosphate action and muscle glycogen production carry a 40% chance of developing type-2 diabetes mellitus. Further, the pro-inflammatory mediator interleukin-6 (IL-6) increases the insulin-induced glucose take-up by myocytes and decreases IR or increases insulin sensitivity in the entire body. Many reports documented an increase in IL-6 in the skeletal muscles of obese people. Cultured myocytes from obese diabetic individuals produce more monocyte chemo-attractant protein 1 and tumor necrotic factor alpha (TNF-α). TNF-α could affect mitochondrial function in myocytes and stimulate IR. The binding of insulin to the insulin receptors on endothelial cells activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathways. In contrast to the first pathway, the second pathway is pro-atherogenic and is activated by IR. It was concluded that IR is associated with increased release of pro-inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress molecules, and modulation of insulin receptors in fatty tissues and endothelial cells.
Knowledge, attitude, and practices of general female population toward iron deficiency anemia in Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alruwaili Ghadah , Alruwaili Amal , Alruwaili Eman , Alruwaili Hana
Published: December 2022

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a major public health issue in all countries. Considering the link between IDA and the lack of suitable knowledge, attitude, and practice, IDA could be prevented. Thus, this study aimed to determine the awareness and management of IDA among the general female population in the Al-Jouf region, Saudi Arabia.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among females in the general population of Saudi Arabia from August to October 2022. Data were collected from participants through an online self-administered questionnaire via Google Forms. A convenient non-probability sampling technique was used to select the study participants.
Results: A total of 382 participants were involved in this study. Most of the participants were aged between 26 and 30 years (43.5%) and the majority of them were graduated. It was found that the mean knowledge score was 12.4 ± 5.5 points and the highest proportion of participants had poor knowledge (76.2%). Doctors or healthcare professionals were the main sources of knowledge about IDA. Regarding attitude and practice, iron supplements/tablets were prescribed to 40.3% of the participants however, most of them (31.7%) occasionally followed the recommended dose of iron supplements. Furthermore, it was found that age, nationality, marital status, number of children, occupation, and monthly income were significantly associated with knowledge about IDA (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: The general female population in the Al-Jouf region in Saudi Arabia had inadequate knowledge, negative attitudes, and practice toward IDA. Several socio-demographic variables were found to be significantly associated with knowledge about IDA.
Die Ukraine als Prüfstein der europäischen Sprachpolitik – unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Entwicklungen von 2013 bis 2022
Authors: Besters-Dilger Juliane
Published: December 2022

Die Ukraine ist seit 1995 Mitglied des Europarats und hat sich verpflichtet, die Europäische Charta der Regional- oder Minderheitensprachen und das Rahmenübereinkommen zum Schutz nationaler Minderheiten zu implementieren. Gleichzeitig setzt sich die Ukraine in ihrer Sprachenpolitik mit dem sowjetischen Erbe und dem Einfluss Russlands auseinander, die die Nationsbildung erschweren. Der Hochkommissar für nationale Minderheiten der OSZE und die Venedig-Kommission des Europarats haben sich im Umfeld von zwei ukrainischen Sprachengesetzen (2012 und 2019) vergeblich bemüht, eine Balance zwischen der europäischen Orientierung und der Last der Vergangenheit herzustellen. Der russische Angriffskrieg seit 2014, verstärkt seit Februar 2022, hat die russische Sprache diskreditiert und zur ukrainischen Nationsbildung wesentlich beigetragen.
Quelques réflexions sur la loi et la justice, sur fond de « procés » catalan
Authors: Lagarde Christian
Published: December 2022

The aborted independence process of Catalonia in 2017 is considered here according to the relations that can be established between the notions of law and justice, which are claimed, each from its own point of view, by the Catalan independentists, the State and the Spanish nationalists. This reflection, which strives for a certain level of objectivity, aims to show how the blockage between self-excluding nationalisms leads to a simple relationship of force. After a general reflection, the question of the interpretations of the law, its gaps, and its contextualization elements are examined, before moving on to the case study.
Pendampingan Pengisian dan Pelaporan Surat Pemberitahuan (SPT) Tahunan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi Tahun 2022
Authors: Faisol Imam Agus , Chamalinda Khy’sh Nusri Leapatra
Published: December 2022

Pendampingan pengisian SPT tahunan bagi karyawan di Universitas Trunojoyo Madura merupakan agenda rutin yang dilaksanakan setiap tahun. Kegiatan pendampingan pengisian SPT tahun 2022 dilaksanakan di Fakultas Ekonomi Bisnis dan Fakultas Hukum. Wajib pajak yang mengikuti pendampingan SPT di Fakultas Hukum sejumlah dua puluh empat orang dengan melibatkan dua pengurus Tax Center dan delapan relawan pajak. Sedangkan wajib pajak yang mengikuti pendampingan pengisian SPT di Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis sejumlah Sembilan belas orang dengan melibatkan dua pengurus Tax Center dan enam relawan pajak. Pengisian SPT di e-filing terdiri dari beberapa tahapan yaitu wajib pajak menyediakan data berupa daftar harta, daftar hutang, daftar susunan keluarga, bukti potong serdos, bukti potong gaji, bukti potong lainnya serta daftar penghasilan lainnya. Informasi yang tersaji dalam data tersebut kemudian diinput di e-filing. Wajib pajak diharuskan melunasi kewajiban perpajakan jika status kurang bayar dan tahapan terakhir yaitu menerima Bukti Penerimaan Elektronik (BPE) sebagai bukti bahwa SPT telah dilaporkan. Seluruh wajib pajak yang mengikuti pendampingan pengisian SPT telah melaporkan SPT tepat waktu sebelum batas akhir pelaporan yaitu tanggal 31 Maret 2022.
Program Ruang Edukasi Anak Desa di Desa Manakku Kabupaten Pangkajene dan Kepulauan
Authors: Sahbastian Rendi Kumar , Ahmar Muh. Rifkha , Maryoso Agnes Mayevachrisnita , Andika S Muh. Hamdani , Souisa Esthervania , Marten Marjulia , Shiddiq Muwaffaq Ahnaf , Putri Sila Farsidia , Hairuddin Reonaldi , Maharani A Andi Siti Zabina , A Rifqa Inayah , Cangara Arie Syahruni
Published: December 2022

Pelaksanaan KKN Tematik Universitas Hasanuddin pada tahun ini tidak berdasarkan domisili, melainkan tersebar ke berbagai wilayah di Sulawesi Selatan. Mahasiswa KKN masing-masing diharapkan dapat menjadi duta perubahan di dalam lingkup masyarakat. Sedangkan di daerah Pangkep, unhas memberikan tema khusus yaitu “IPTEKS" sebagai salah satu amanat dari bupati setempat untuk berpartisipasi pada salah satu kegiatan Pendidikan daerah setempat yaitu Program Pasti Cerdas. Dalam kegiatan KKN ini, penyusun mengadakan berbagai program kerja dalam rangka pengabdian kepada masyarakat salah satunya yaitu Program Edukasi Anak Desa, Program ini bertujuan untuk untuk memberikan pengetahuan dan peningkatan minat belajar khususnya untuk bidang keilmuan calistung sekaligus sebagai sarana pengembangan kesadaran akan pentingnya ilmu pengetahuan sejak dini. Hasil Evaluasi kegiatan ini adalah diperoleh bahwa 71% peserta didik lancar dalam kemampuan calistung, siswa(i) dapat memperoleh pengetahun baru, masyarakat mulai mengaktifkan kembali kegiatan jumat bersih, dan telah diperbaruhi pembatas desa, pengadaan peta sarpras desa, serta pembatas dusun.

Kata kunci: Pengabdian, Masyarakat, Ipteks, Pendidikan, Calistung
Implementasi Audit Internal ISO 9001:2015 Pada PT. Sinar Rasa Kencana dalam Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat
Authors: Ulina Ninta Sri , Putra Muhammad Fidiandri , Yoshana Andri
Published: December 2022

ISO 9001:2015 merupakan standar Sistem Manajemen Mutu yang disusun untuk membantu organisasi baik jasa maupun manufaktur dalam mencapai tujuan organisasi melalui pendekatan proses dengan mempertimbangkan risiko dan peluang agar dapat memenuhi kebutuhan atau permintaan pelanggan. Salah satu poin penting untuk menjaga agar sistem tersebut berjalan secara berkelanjutan, maka perlu dilakukan Audit Internal secara berkala. Kegiatan Audit Internal itu sendirimerupakan salah satu persyaratan wajib ISO 9001: 2015 klausul 9.2.2, dimana perlu dibentuk Team Auditor Internal yang kompeten untuk menyusun Jadwal Rencana Audit, melakukan pelaksanaan audit dan melaporkan hasil Audit Report kepada Top Management. Dalam pelaksanaan diperusahaan terdapat permasalahan sebagai berikut ;belum menentukan Auditor Internal yang kompeten terhadap Pelaksanaan Audit  ISO 9001:2015, pelaksanaan Audit Internal ISO 9001:2015 yang belum berjalan dengan baik yang disebabkan karena kurangnya pemahaman terhadap persyaratan ISO 9001:2015. Pemberian materi dan pendampingan melalui sistem daring video conference, Sehingga tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini untuk perusahaan PT SINAR RASA KENCANA,yaitu: Memberikan pelatihan Audit Internal sesuai Persyaratan ISO 9001:2015 kepada calon Auditor Internal dan memberikan pendampingan praktek audit internal (wawancara, review dokumen dan observasi).
The neuroscience of the future: What do we want?
Authors: Contreras-Pulache Hans Lenin , Hernández-Yépez Palmer José , Chicoma-Flores Karina Jasmin
Published: December 2022

Desde el origen de la neurociencia como disciplina se han realizado grandes descubrimientos en esta materia pero al mismo tiempo surgen interrogantes y problemas que esta ciencia todavía no puede resolver. Probablemente no exista consenso al momento de definir cuáles son los unsolved problems de la neurociencia, pero sobre lo que sí se está seguro es en reconocer que estos problemas existen. ¿La neurociencia del futuro, con sus logros y sus unsolved problems, es la neurociencia que queremos? En el presente documento se elaborará un recuento de los llamados unsolved problems de la neurociencia de acuerdo (según) varios autores que han analizado a futuro los límites de esta disciplina. Asimismo, se realizará una sumarización del itinerario de ideas de la Teoría Sociobiológica Informacional de Pedro Ortiz Cabanillas (1933-2011) como propuesta alternativa para así finalmente se perfile la neurociencia del futuro, la neurociencia que deseamos.
Efektivitas Pemberian Kombinasi Jus Jambu Biji Merah (Psidium guajava L.) dan Lemon (Citrus limon L.) untuk Meningkatkan Kadar Hb pada Wanita Menstruasi
Authors: Nur Alia , Faisal Muhammad , Prasetya Fajar
Published: December 2022

Menstruasi merupakan proses keluarnya darah secara teratur dan bersiklus, yang terjadi ketika dinding lapisan terdalam dari rahim (endometrium) luruh. Jambu biji merah dan lemon merupakan salah satu sumber buah yang dapat meningkatkan kadar hemoglobin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh dalam pemberian kombinasi jus jambu biji merah dan lemon terhadap peningkatan kadar hemoglobin pada wanita menstruasi. Desain penelitian ini adalah Quasy-Experiment dengan metode Pre Test-Post Test with control group. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik Purposive Sampling berdasarkan kriteria inklusi. Pengukuran kadar hemoglobin menggunakan alat EasyTouch GCHb yang dianalisis menggunakan Paired Sample T-Test dan Independent Sample T-Test. Hasil penelitian pada kelompok perlakuan memiliki rata-rata kadar hemoglobin sebelum intervensi sebesar 11,4 g/dL, sesudah intervensi sebesar 13,9 g/dL dengan p-value 0,000. Pada kelompok kontrol memiliki rata-rata kadar hemoglobin sebelum intervensi sebesar 13,8 g/dL, sesudah intervensi sebesar 10,6 g/dL dengan p-value 0,000. Hasil analisis statistik Independent Paired T-Test memiliki nilai p-value 0,000 (kurang dari 0,05). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi jus jambu biji merah dan lemon secara signifikan dapat meningkatkan kadar hemoglobin darah pada wanita menstruasi.
Mandarahi Kapalo Banda :Pemahaman Masyarakat Simancuang terhadap Ruang Hidup dan Penyelamatan Hutan
Authors: Dewita Riche Rahma
Published: December 2022

Mandarahi Kapalo Banda is a traditional and local wisdom of Simancuang communities. The ceremony is usually performed after the rice harvest season where the communities come together to mandabiah kabau nan gadang (slaughtering buffalo), cook the buffalo meat, pray, and eat. This tradition came after a crop failure occured in 1980 due to hogs pests. At that time, the only way to cope with these wild pigs issues was to plant the rice together and in unison. Mandarahi Kapalo Banda is not only a local tradition to feel grateful towards the harvest but also as an attempt to ensure the success of future harvest. This tradition is a valuable momentum to agree the schedule of rice planting to save the communities' harvest. As the result, the Simancuang communities need a stable irrigation for their 180 ha rice fields covering from the upstream area to the downstream area of Simancuang Region. Therefore, the communities build an agreement and regulations to protect their upstream areas in the surrounding forests, set the spatial area management for their settlement, set the spatial area for rice field, and other regulations regarding the natural resource utilization around them. This description will reveal how the Simancuang communities understand their environment condition, enable them to define their environment to regulate their neighborhood which will eventually impact the forest sustainability.
“SELF-FULFILLMENT” SEBAGAI ENTREPRENEURISM PELAKU USAHA MIKRO (STUDI ETNOGRAFI PADA PEMILIK WARUNG KOPI EMPAT SAUDARA)
Authors: Rushandy Muhamad Radhiya Rizky Raviandy , Fadhilah Nur Fikri , Burhanudin Mohamad Yanuar , Supangkat Budiawati , Purnomo Margo , Nurseto Hardian Eko
Published: December 2022

Research around the emergence of entrepreneurship usually pays special attention to aspects of motivation and driving factors that support a decision to become an entrepreneur. Self-fulfillment is one of the driving factor that is still abstract in its meaning. This article aims to provide a deeper meaning of self-fulfillment, viewed from a cultural perspective as a result and shaper of the thought process, by looking at the meaning of entrepreneurism value for an entrepreneur who runs a micro business in a coffee shop. The method used is case study with ethnography approach which utilizes participation observation on Warung Kopi Empat Saudara in Kliningan, Bandung. The study's results found that the meaning of self-fulfillment can be found and described in cultural aspects such as the fulfillment of religious and social values. The fulfillment of religious values can be found in religious freedom to pray during work, described as giving workers access to pray, honesty in business, and having muslims as workers. While the fulfillment of social values is described as helping each other, upholding responsibility to the community, and keeping life harmonious.
Unicystic Ameloblastoma - Case Report
Authors: Devi M Gayathri , K Bakyalakshmi , Regu P Cap
Published: December 2022

Ameloblastoma is a slow-growing locally aggressive, benign odontogenic epithelium with a greater tendency for recurrence and involves aggressive bone loss and teeth. It is believed to be derived from cell rests of the enamel organ, either remnants of dental lamina or Hertwig's sheath, the epithelial rest of Malassez. The most common site of preference is the mandibular molar and ramus area than the anterior and premolar region. The article presents two case series of unicystic ameloblastoma of a 25 year female who had a localized swelling in the left side of the mandible which resembled a keratocystic odontogenic tumor clinically and radiographically. Based on histopathological examination the final diagnosis was unicystic ameloblastoma with the mural pattern. The second case report presented a 32-year female with a diffuse swelling in the left lower jaw which histopathologically revealed ameloblastoma with the plexiform variant. The case series presented certain unique features of female predilection and a multilocular variant with mural and plexiform pattern unicystic ameloblastoma. Both the patient was surgically managed more conservatively with enucleation and cauterization as cystic types are found to be less aggressive compared to solid variants of ameloblastoma. They were on a regular follow period postoperatively.
Isolation of Three Secondary Metabolites from the Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. Plant for the First Time
Authors: Al-Tameemi Zahraa S , Hamad Maha N
Published: December 2022

Objectives: Phytochemical screening and identification of certain types of secondary metabolites that not separated yet from the Eucalyptus camaldulensis plant.
Background: E. camaldulensis Dehnh. (Family: Myrtaceae) is one of the most widely distributed species of eucalyptus trees and the original land of this variety is Australia. E. camaldulensis Dehnh. is the main species that distributed in various regions of Iraq. E. camaldulensis has active constituents rich in pharmacologically significant secondary metabolites with proven activities including anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-oxidant, and others.
Methodology: Defatting step of leaves and fruits separately with n-hexane was preceding the extraction process by maceration with 50% acetone followed by subsequent fractionation process and isolation step achieved by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Results: The resulting three fractions had been undergone preliminary chemical tests suggesting the presence of steroids, terpenoids, and tannins. The isolation process had been given rise to the separation of three phytoconstituents identified by different chromatographic techniques resulting in the confirmation of the non-polar compounds isolated from the hexane fraction comprising the phytosterol stigmasterol and the possible diterpene turraeanin J. The polar secondary metabolite isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction is the dimer tannin oenothein B.
Conclusion: The Iraqi E. camaldulensis plant rich in various secondary metabolites presents diverse pharmacological activities. The first isolation might be around the world from the Eucalyptus genus, is the expected diterpene turraeanin J, and the first isolation from the species around the world are oenothein B and stigmasterol.
Graphene oxide/(Carboxymethylcellulose-Sodium alginate-Acrylic acid) Surface: Synthesis and Characterization for Adsorptive Removal of Azure A from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Jasim Layth S , Alwan Alaa S
Published: December 2022

Graphene oxide/(Carboxymethylcellulose-Sodium alginate-Acrylic acid) was studied as the adsorbent of Azure A dye. The time to reach the equilibrium state for Azure A adsorption on the surface of hydrogel composite GO/(CMC-SA-AAC) is 120 minutes. The rate of dye adsorption on the surface of the hydrogel composite was excellent because hydrogel composite has a large surface area to absorb the largest possible amount of dye. A pseudo-first-order and a pseudo-second-order model observed Azure A dye’s adsorption kinetics on the hydrogel composite GO/(CMC-SA-AAC) surface. Illustration using the adsorption process data reflects a pseudo-second-order model. Linear forms of adsorption isotherms, Langmuir equations, Freundlich, and Timken equations were also studied. Thermodynamic effects, pH, and ionic strength effects were examined to determine the maximum absorption. Thermodynamic functions of, Enthalpy (H). Gibbs free energy (G), and Entropy (S) also were studied.
Formulation and Characterization of Hydrogel of Proniosomes Loaded Diclofenac Sodium
Authors: Al-Hamadani Mustafa H , Al-Edresi Sarmad
Published: December 2022

Diclofenac Sodium is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), which has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects. Diclofenac sodium topically (gel 1%) has mild site reactions, with a relatively short duration of action and low permeability need for multiple uses. This study aimed to produce hydrogel of proniosomes to enhancing solubility and permeation of diclofenac topical used. Proniosome was prepared by using the coacervation phase separation method using Span 60 and Tween 80, lecithin and cholesterol. The hydrogel base was prepared from carbopol 940, then Proniosome was mixed in ratio one to one (1:1). Viscosity, release, permeation and stability were assayed. Results revealed a successfully prepared hydrogel loaded with proniosomes, which was consequently loaded with its payload. The release study carried out in vitro revealed a control-released behaviour over 28 hours which was 6 fold higher than the ordinary preparation i.e. lack of proniosomes. To sum up, the hydrogel of Proniosome preparation loading with Diclofenac Sodium was approved to overcome controlled release and skin permeation problems.
The Comparison of the Effect of Recombinant FSH in Antagonist Protocol on Serum and Follicular Fluid Kisspeptin between PCOS and non-PCOS Infertile Women during ICSI
Authors: Raaf Ghada B , Mohammed Amal A , Jawad Mufeeda A
Published: December 2022

Background: Reproduction is a highly delicate organized process accomplished by the controlled interaction of the higher centers in the brain, the gonads, and different body parts.
Kisspeptin is a neuropeptide that acts as a key regulator controlling the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and organizing the reproduction process.
Gonadotropins treatment used in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation increases the follicular count in an attempt to improve the pregnancy rate. However, one of its drawbacks is the increase in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome risk.
Published data proved that kisspeptin has a fundamental role in regulating follicular growth and maturation at central and peripheral levels highlighting its possible role in diagnosing and treating infertility problems.
Objective: To study the influence of gonadotropin (recombinant FSH medication) used in ovarian hyperstimulation program on the level serum and follicular fluid kisspeptin level in PCOS and non-PCOS patients.
Subject, Materials, and Method: This is a cross-sectional study performed in the High Institute for Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies, Al-Naharin University, from September 2020 to July 2021. The study includes a sample of (80) infertile Iraqi women aged (18–40 years) scheduled for an intracytoplasmic sperm injection program after being stimulated by GnRH antagonist protocol. On the day of oocytes retrieval, blood and follicular fluid samples were drawn from each participant to measure kisspeptin level using ELIZA technique.
Results: In PCOS patients, significant positive correlations were found between recombinant FSH medication with serum and follicular fluid kisspeptin level (p is less than 0.05). Serum kisspeptin was insignificantly higher in the PCOS patient (p = 0.838) while follicular fluid kisspeptin was insignificantly lower in the PCOS women (p = 0.651). There were significant correlations between serum and follicular kisspeptin in the PCOS and the control groups (p = 0.000) and (p = 0.002), respectively.
Conclusions: Serum and follicular fluid kisspeptin are positively correlated with the cumulative recombinant FSH medication used by infertile polycystic ovarian syndrome women undergoing ICSI, addressing the possible role of kisspeptin in improving the pregnancy rate in PCOS patients with a lower incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.
Restoration of Euglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Pioglitazone as Fourth Drug in Oral Combination Therapy: An Experimental Study
Authors: Hmood Abdulhamza R , Alhibaly Hameed A , Algraittee Satar J.R , Bdair Ban W.H
Published: December 2022

The global burden of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is on the increase with over 500 million individuals of the world’s population being affected and diabetes associated deaths reaching over a million yearly. The progressiveness of the disease coupled with poor adherence to treatment requirements and lifestyle modifications T2DM very challenging as patients on single drug treatment may eventually require combination therapy up to the level of triple therapy without achieving euglycemia. In this study we hypothesize that the addition of pioglitazone as a fourth drug, may restore euglycemia and prevent the use of insulin.
A total of 107 T2DM patients already on triple combination therapy were recruited and pioglitazone was introduced as a fourth drug in 66 patients (experimental group) while 41 patients served and as control. After 3 months, the mean post-treatment HbA1c in the experimental group was 7.00 ± 0.50% which showed statistically significant difference compared with the experimental group’s mean baseline HbA1c of 8.47 ± 0.51% at p is less than 0.05. Also, the mean post-treatment HbA1c of the experiment group showed statistically significant difference when compared with the post-treatment HbA1c of the control group at p is less than 0.05, i.e. 7.00 ± 0.50% (experimental group) vs. 8.55 ± 0.73% (control group).
Our findings indicate that the addition of pioglitazone significantly improved the glycemic profile of the experimental subjects without necessitating the adoption of complex insulin-dependent strategies.
Oral Health Status among a Group of Population with Chronic Kidney Disease in Iraq
Authors: Al-Zaidi Raghad R
Published: December 2022

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been identified as one of the irreversible deteriorations in renal function that naturally progresses over years. This disease has been considered as one of the worldwide public health problems that have reverse consequences of kidney failure, cardio-vascular diseases as well as premature mortality. The present study was conducted to assess the seriousness of dental caries in association with the oral cleanliness among patients suffering from CKD compared to the controls according to age groups and gender.
Materials and Methods: This research employed thirty patients with CKD in ages from (24–72) years (male, female) attending kidney center centers in Medical City Teaching Hospital in Baghdad province, Iraq, were selected for the study compared to 30 healthy people matching in age and genders with the study group. Decayed, missing and filled surfaces (DMFS), Gingival (GI), calculus (CI) indices as well as plaque (PlI) have been applied for measuring oral health status for these two study groups. The data of current study was analyzed using SPSS version 26.
Result: The (CKD) group has been caries-active. The greater DMFS-values have been registered for the study in comparison with the control group and highly statistical difference has been observed, concerning DMFS (p is less than 0.01). (DS, MS, FS) higher in CKD patients than control with highly significant difference between them regarding to (DS, MS) only. PlI, GI, indices have been greater in the study group than that of the controls and differences were not observed to be significant. The CI index has been greater in the study group than that of the controls and significant differences have been observed (p is less than 0.01). Significant correlation has been not found between PlI, GI, CI indices and DMFS indices in study group.
Conclusion: Participants suffering from (CKD) experienced greater caries severity than the normal participants.
Study the Effect of Laser Irradiation on Bacterial Susceptibility of Pseudomonas euroginosa Isolated from Different Source Infections
Authors: Nahab Hedaa M
Published: December 2022

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic microorganism that does not infect healthy individuals but does cause a broad variety of severe infections in immunocompromised patients. Samples were collected from 345 patients who suffered from diabetic foot infection (115), wounds and burns infection (115), and abortion cases (115) by use of the swabbing method; the diagnosis of samples depending on the morphological examinations, biochemical tests and culturing on selective or suitable media, to confirm the use of the API system was done. These samples include 52 isolates of P. aeruginosa, which consider the aims of this study at a rate of (15.07%) from the total number of samples (345).
The current study demonstrates that the age group (31–40) years had a higher rate of isolation 52.9% while a reduced number of isolation occurred in the age group (61–70) year at rate of 5.88%. The sensitivity of P. aeruginosa before irradiation to a number of antibiotics gives high resistance to the antibiotics used in this study. There is a significant decrease in the viability of the bacterial cell where the Laser effect on the bacterial isolates by increasing the dose, while the killing of bacteria occurs after 30 minutes and more. We conclude that bacterial isolates of P. aeruginosa were affected with exposure to irradiation of laser with 820 and 915 nm at 50–250 MW using different times.
Formulation and Evaluation of Nanosponges-loaded Gel of Lornoxicam for Topical Delivery
Authors: Shabaraya A R , Sumana G , Vineetha K
Published: December 2022

Nanosponge loaded gels are novel drug delivery system that combine the advantages of achieving optimum concentration of drug at site of action and reduction in systemic side effects. The objective of the present study was to formulate and evaluate gel loaded with nanosponges of Lornoxicam for topical delivery. Lornoxicam nanosponges were prepared successfully using ethyl cellulose as polymer, polyvinyl alcohol as cross-linking agent and dichloromethane as solvent by emulsion solvent diffusion method, which undergo analysis of drug entrapment efficiency, surface morphology, particle size analysis and zeta potential. Among all 6 different formulations, F5 batch was considered as the best with 89% of drug entrapment efficiency and least particle size. From the SEM analysis it was found that nanosponges are spherical, discrete with smooth surface. The nanosponge of the best formulation F5 was loaded into the Carbopol 394P gel which was evaluated for viscosity, spreadability, pH, drug content, in vitro drug diffusion study, release kinetics and stability studies. From the study it was found that the prepared Lornoxicam nanosponge topical gel shows promised drug release and good stability.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Ligand for β-enaminone and its Mixed Ligand Complexes with Some Metal Ions and Evaluation of their Biological Activity
Authors: Kadhom Hassan J , Numan Ahmed T , Atiyah Eman M
Published: December 2022

The synthesized ligand (3-(2-amino-5-(3,4,5-tri-methoxybenzyl)pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-enone] [H1L1] was characterized via fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H, 13C – NMR, Mass spectra, (CHN analysis), UV-vis spectroscopic approaches. Analytical and spectroscopic techniques like chloride content, micro-analysis, magnetic susceptibility UV-visible, conductance, and FTIR spectra were used to identify mixed ligand complexes. Its (ML13ph) mixed ligand complexes [M= Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), Zn (II), and Cd (II); (H1L1) = β-enaminone ligand=L1 and (3ph) =3-aminophenol= L2]. The results demonstrate that the complexes are produced with a molar ratio of M: L1:L2 (1:1:1). To generate the appropriate complex, a tetradentate β-enaminone ligand with N3O donor atoms is coordinated to Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd (II) ions. The synthesized ligand and its mixed ligand complexes have been tested against various pathogenic fungi and bacteria for antifungal and antibacterial activities. In this case, when compared with conventional antibiotic ciprofloxacin, the biological activity regarding such compounds was good.
Extraction, Isolation and Identification of Caffeic Acid and p-Coumaric acid from N-butanol Fraction of Iraqi Osteospermum ecklonis (F. Asteraceae)
Authors: Jewely Hind M , Abdul-Jalil Thukaa Z
Published: December 2022

Osteospermum ecklonis, known as the African daisy, is a member of the Asteraceae family that includes more than 600 genera of various daisies. Traditionally O. ecklonis was used for its whitening effect to fight skin hyperpigmentation, implemented recently in several anti-scar topical formulations and as a promising remedy with anti-parasitic activity in India to treat malaria. The available literature survey revealed no studies about Iraqi O. ecklonis phenolic acids, especially caffeic acid, and p-coumaric acid. Therefore, the objective of this study was to extract and isolate these powerful phenolic acids for their promising pharmacological activities. This goal was achieved using 85% methanol followed by fractionation with different solvents (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol) that differ in their polarities. Two phenolic acids were isolated from aerial parts n- butanol fraction by preparative thin-layer chromatography (PLC), then identified by measuring melting point (m.p.), thin-layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectra, and by analytical high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This study implements a consensus about the Iraqi O. ecklonis plant as a promising plant for its different secondary metabolites, especially the phenolic acids, which detected novelty in this study.
Method Development and Validation by UV Spectrophotometric Analysis and RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Risperidone and Trihexyphenidyl
Authors: . Rupsi , Kumar Rakesh
Published: December 2022

Risperidone is of the chemical class of benzisoxazole derivatives. Risperidone chemically name is 3-[2-[4-(6-fluoro-1, 2-benzisoxazol-3-yl)-1- piperidinyl] ethyl]-6, 7, 8, 9-tetrahydro- 2-methyl-4H-pyrido [1, 2-a] pyrimidine-4-one. It is effective in treating positive and negative schizophrenic symptoms with high effectiveness on 5HT and D2 receptors with less incidence of EPS.1 Trihexyphenidyl chemically name as 1-cyclohexyl-1-phenyl-3-(1- piperidyl)-1-propanol.2 It treats Parkinson’s disorder and acts on a muscarinic receptor in the central nervous system.3 Both Risperidone and Trihexyphenidyl are official in IP.4 RP- HPLC and UV-Visible Spectrophotometer, simultaneous estimating Risperidone and Trihexyphenidyl, has developed a validation method
New Benzohydrazide Schiff Base: Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Studies
Authors: Mahdi Huda , Hameed Azhar , Mohammed Alaa , Jassem Issraa A
Published: December 2022

In this study, two new Schiff bases are produced via condensation reaction of 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde and 2-hydroxy benzaldehyde compounds with benzohydrazide compound. The products are investigated by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR), carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR), and mass spectroscopy. Antibacterial activities of synthesized compounds are scanned versus Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (gram negative) strains. The results showed that the Schiff bases compounds illustrated weak effectiveness against S. aureus. At the same time, these compounds are found inactive against E. coli.
Medication Dispensing Errors in Liquid Dosage Form in Some Iraqi Governorates
Authors: Tizkam Hussam H , Ali Sana A.-J , Alhashem Ghazwan , Darwish Maher
Published: December 2022

Domestic measures such as a tea spoon (tsp) and a table spoon (tbsp) may be confusing and result in drug dispensing errors that may eventually lead to adverse consequences, especially with drugs with a small therapeutic window. This study investigates the relationship between the unit of measure used, dispensing errors, and whether household devices mediate this relationship. The results manifested that 95% of error was made by parents when measuring the dose intended by the physician. Moreover, 99.4% made an error in measuring the prescribed dose approved by the standards of USP and BP, and 69% used a nonstandard instrument. It is best to provide standard measures with each liquid drug and avoid using terms like “tablespoon or teaspoon” in patient education as they are confusing terms.
Epidemiological Study of Internal Parasites in the Usual Carp Fish Cypinus Carpio
Authors: Mohammad Marwa J , Al-Samarrai Aysir S.M
Published: December 2022

Samples of 90 Carp fish (cyprinid fish) were collected from the basins for several areas (Isaac, al-Sa’i, Castle, Heat, Talker) between January and February 2021 to show that they were infected with gastrointestinal parasites and using direct examination with crystal violet dye. The results of a direct examination with crystal violet showed a variation in the types of parasites detected, with the highest rate of Rhabdochonakazirensisk parasites at 20%, Neoechinorhynchus at 16.5%, Cryptosporidium parasites at 10%, and Cucullanellus minutes at 6.5%. Monthly changes in the incidence of fish with various parasites were also studied, with the highest incidence for December being cryptosporidium at 13.3%. While January recorded the highest incidence of Rhabdochonakazirensisk parasite by 50% in The Good Month of February, the highest rate of Neoechinorhynchus parasite was 33.3%. The study also recorded a different infection rate depending on the type of parasite and its relation to fish weight, with 100% infection rates with Neoechinorhynchus and Rhabdochonakazirensisk parasites in fish weights ranging from 710 to 800 g. In comparison, the highest 100% showed duck infection Cucullanellus minutes at fish weights between 110 and 200 g and the highest incidence of cryptosporidium was recorded at 100% at fish weights 40–100 g and 210–300 g.
Effect of Homocysteine and Vitamin D in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome with Iraqi Women
Authors: Al-Fayyadh Mohanad S
Published: December 2022

This research has been carried out on the effect of some biochemical parameters on women with polycystic ovaries. The presented work aims to determine the levels of a few biochemical parameters in females with polycystic ovaries syndrome (PCOS) attending the Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Baghdad’s. The study comprised 35 women between 18 and 35 who had PCOS based upon complete Rotterdam criteria. The control group comprised 35 healthy females of one age who had a regular menstrual cycle. The results indicated that females with PCOS have been obese or overweight when their body mass index (BMI) was more than 30. Insulin, fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c%), and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) have all been higher (≤ 0.05) in females with PCOS in comparison with a control group, showing that insulin resistance (IR) has been present. Total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels have been higher (≤ 0.05). Still, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and triglycerides (TG) levels were within the normal reference range without considerable differences compared to the control group. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) has been lower than the control group. According to this work, the majority of females with PCOS had a high BMI. Those patients showed signs of IR. It was discovered that the patient had dyslipidemia. Those results vary from previous studies that found no evidence of IR. The primary goal of this work is to assess the effects of homocysteine and vitamin D in females who have PCOS, and the findings revealed a significant increase in the homocysteine levels and a considerable drop or deficiency in vitamin D in Iraqi females who have PCOS.