bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rancang Bangun Kursi Penderita Cereblal Palsy
Authors: Arsyad Muhammad , Anzarih A.M.
Published: August 2018

The general goal of this research is to help provide a means to train the muscles of the sufferers Cerebral Palsy (CP). In especially, the objectives are: (1) Make a seat that has a function like easy stand, (2) Provide easy stand chair at a price affordable by people suffering from CP. Problems to be solved through applied product research activities are (1) how to make a chair that has functions such as easy stand, (2) how to provide easy chair seat with low price that can be reached by CP sufferer. To achieve these goals be done designing and making a chair similar to chair easy stand for people with CP. Stages of activities include designing, manufacturing components, assembling, testing and repair. Based on the test results, it is concluded that the celebral palsi chairs function well, including the components such as knee retention, peut holder, and table. The price of one CP chair is Rp 10 million.
Uji Daya Hambat Senyawa Xylitol dari Limbah Tongkol Jagung pada Bakteri Streptococcus Mutans
Authors: Mahyati Mahyati
Published: August 2018

Corncob contains xylan content of 12.4 - 12.9% which can be converted to xylitol [1]. Xylitol significantly reduces the population of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in saliva compared with fluoride [3]. The effectiveness of xylitol from corn cobs waste is an antibacterial substance of S. mutans in safe and water-soluble mouthwash. The purpose of this research is to produce xylitol from corn cobs waste and to test the xylitol inhibition as anti bacterial in S. mutans bacteria. The xylitol extraction method of corncob using aqueous sulfuric acid is 0.25; 0.5; 0.75 and 1.0%. The extraction time was then varied from 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 min. The results showed xylitol compound from corn tuna waste was highest at 0.25% sulfuric acid concentration with 30 minutes hydrolysis time of 249.7 ppm and the lowest at 0.75% acid concentration and hydrolysis time of 90 minutes is 5.6 ppm. Xylitol compounds can be obtained from corn cobs waste has the value of inhibitory growth of S. Mutans bacteria in all variations of acid concentration (H2SO4) and hydrolysis time is 100%.
Rancang Bangun Alat Eliminasi Gas Buang Menggunakan Mekanisme Ejektor
Authors: Saini Makmur , Nur Rusdi , Sattar Sattar , Ibrahim Ibrahim
Published: August 2018

Environmental pollution (pollutants) can be caused by natural events or human care through uncontrolled industrial and technological activities, this can be a threat to living things including humans in the future. This phenomenon is caused by the entry of particles or chemical substances that do not exist in the natural component so that it exceeds the amount that should be. Pollution is the inclusion of substances, energy and aliens into the environment so that the quality of the environment decreases and no longer suitable allocation. Efforts to reduce or control environmental pollution that some environmental scientists and practitioners have done in a better way by the structures produced by various industries and technologies that are seen as backbones. The research installation can provide detailed information about the shape and structure of the current in the pipe (analogized as the exhaust) in the direction and the vertical velocity to air will be inhaled by the fluid of the liquid (air) as motive fluid in the opposite direction. The suction strength of the liquid against the airflow is greatly determined by the vacuum pressure in the chamber because of the effect of the working ejector that is geometrically formed so that the image can be adjusted to that achievement. The parameters used to measure performance in the design of this air-contaminating air-conditioning installation plant are composed of several variables in the ratio of changes between air velocity and liquid flow in opposite directions, vacuum compressions are formed large enough, the fluid flow capacity of the ejector, revascular and the ability to transform gas pollutants into liquid pollutants.
Pengaruh Screen Layer Breakwater Terhadap Tinggi Run UP Gelombang pada Revetmen
Authors: Budiman Budiman
Published: August 2018

Erosion that occurs in revetment by waves and currents is a serious problem along coastal and inland shore ï›1ï. The aims of the study are to obtain influential parameter, to reduce the height of run up in the revetmet and get a non dimensional parameter of the relationship between the wave height and the wave run up on the revetment. The research is an experimental research with 2D physical model simulation, conducted in the laboratory of with some configurations of screen layer breakwater configuration models made from textile fabric with density and number of layer of different models. The model scale was 1:10 with three variations for models ((M1SL, M2SL, and M3SL) with variations of wave length and wave height, on some level of depth: 20, 15, and 10 cm. The results of the research indicated that the parameters found in this study are wave period (T), wave height (H), water depth (d), screen density (), the number of layers (N) and the distanceof the screen (Xm). The run up tend to decrease as the screen density value has smaller number of layers (N) and the distanceof the screen (Xm). In general, the study indicated that the stake of the screen layer can reduce the height of the run up in the revetment structure . The slope tan300 was 33% and produces non regression equation that shows the relationship between the dimensionless parameterwith run up (Ru/H), obtained Ru/H =, where= (); a and b respectively 2.9935 and 0.1293.
Studi Kecepatan Aliran Air dengan Menggunakan Tabung Pitot
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Taufik , Faisal Zulvyah
Published: August 2018

The tools and methods used in the measurement of water flow velocity are now very diverse, such as by using Venturi Meter, Orifice, Current Meter, Pitot Tube, and so forth. To learn more about water flow velocity measurement method, in order to improve professionalism in the field of water resources can be done research at Hydraulics Laboratory by researching Water Flow Analysis by Using Pitot Tubes. The research process will be carried out using three varied channel basis samples: reviewing the velocity of the water flow at the bottom of the channel with slippery base, reviewing the flow rate of the water on the gravel base channel, and reviewing the flow rate of the water on the channel with the decking concrete base. The expected result of this research is knowing the distribution of velocity in a cross section such as drainage channel, irrigation channel and river, so construction of water structure can be adjusted position placement in the open channel section. In addition it can be used as a reference in planning an open channel. One of the benefits to construction cofferdam construction speed distribution is to determine the dewatering system to be carried out during construction.Keywordsâ€” Flow Speed, Speed Distribution. Channel Basic Variations
Pengaruh Air Laut sebagai Air Pencampur dan Air Perawatan pada Karakteristik Pasta Semen dan Mortar
Authors: Ali Adiwijaya , Datu Irka Tangke
Published: August 2018

The goal of this research is to investigate the influence of seawater as mixing water and curing water on characteristics of cement paste and mortar. Research was conducted with making mixtures of cement paste and mortar using two kind of cement, Portland Composite Cement (PCC) and Pozzolana Portland Cement (PPC) with seawater as mixing water. Characteristics of fine aggregate and characteristics of cement paste with seawater mixing were investigated. Furthermore, 144 cube mortar specimens in size of 5 cm x 5 cm x 5 cm in four series mortar mixtures were casted according with SNI 03-6825-2002. At 24 hours after specimens were casted, cube mortar specimens were cured in tap water curing (TC), seawater curing (SC) and air curing (AC). After achievement at certain curing day of 3, 7, 14 and 28 days, cube mortar samples were tested in compressive strength. Results concluded that seawater mixing improves compressive strength of mortar up to 28 days in all curing conditions, TC, SC and AC. Moreover, strength of mortar is not affected by type of curing water, tap water or seawater.
Pengaruh Metode Sintesis Silika Mesopori SBA-15 terhadap Analisis Differential Scanning Calorimetry dan Pengukuran Low Angles X-Ray Diffraction
Authors: Ridhawati Ridhawati , Wahab Abdul Wahid , La Nafie Nursiah , Raya Indah
Published: August 2018

Mesoporous silica SBA-15 is an interesting material having highly ordered nanopores and large surface area, which is synthesized by sol gel and hydrothermal methods. In this study, mesoporous silica SBA-15 was synthesised with two different methods and the characteris was using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). SBA-15 was prepared TEOS as precursor and Pluronic 123 as surfactant. Thermoporous mesoporous DSC thermogram results of the SBA-15A mesoporous silica is (Tg 79oC and Tc 158oC). This is relatively lower than SBA-15B (Tg 86oC and Tc 158oC). The measurement of low angle X-Ray Diffraction SBA-15A has a crystal size 9.46 nm and SBA-15B has a crystal size 9.96 nm. The synthesis of SBA-15 using the hydrothermal method needs to be studied further to obtain thermal characteristics and a more stable crystal structure
Identifikasi Titik Kemacetan pada Ruas Jalan A.P Pettarani dengan Menggunakan Teknologi GPS
Authors: Hasanuddin Haeril Abdi
Published: August 2018

Kemacetan Lalu lintas merupakan suatu keadaan kondisi jalan bila tidak ada keseimbangan antara kapasitas jalan dengan jumlah kendaraan yang lewat. Gejala ini ditandai dengan kecepatan yang rendah hingga terjadinya penumpukan kendaran, jarak antara kendaraan yang satu dengan kendaraan yang lain menjadi rapat, sehingga pengemudi tidak dapat menjalankan kendaraan dengan kecepatan yang diinginkannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan titik kemacetan pada ruas jalan A.P. Pettarani dengan menggunakan teknologi GPS. Manfaat penelitian ini untuk mengetahui titik kemacetan dan penyebab kemacetan disepanjang ruas jalan A.P. Pettarani serta menjadi referensi bagi pemerintah dalam mengaplikasikan penggunaan GPS untuk mengidentifikasi titik macet serta penyebab kemacetan sehingga diharapkan dapat memberikan solusi pada titik â€“ titik kemacetan pada ruas jalan A.P. Pettarani. Metode penelitian ini adalah mendeteksi kecepatan kendaraan selama bergerak di jalan A.P. Pettarani dengan menggunakan fitur penjejakan (tracking) pada GPS yang mencatat perubahan kecepatan kendaraan setiap detiknya. Kemudian data kecepatan tersebut dianalisis untuk mendapatkan titik-titik kemacetan disepanjang ruas jalan A.P. Pettarani yang kemudian akan di perbandingkan dengan kondisi geometrik jalan serta kondisi lingkungan disekitar jalan. Kendaraan contoh bergerak setiap 15 menit pada dua arah arus lalu lintas yang dimulai dari jam 6 pagi hingga jam 22.00 selama satu pekan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat beberapa titik kemacetan pada dua arah arus lalu lintas di sepanjang jalan A.P. Pettarani yang umumnya ditimbulkan oleh kondisi geometrik jalan serta adanya hambatan samping.
Registration of ‘HoCP 04‐838’ Sugarcane
Authors: Todd J. R. , White W. H. , Dufrene E. O. , Tew T. L. , Pan Y.-B. , Duet M. J. , Verdun D. L. , Hale A. L. , Dalley C. D. , Grisham M. P. , Gravois K. A. , Jackson W. R. , Miller J. D.
Published: August 2018

‘HoCP 04‐838’ (Reg. No. CV‐181, PI 687221) sugarcane (interspecific hybrids of Saccharum spp.) was selected and evaluated by scientists at the USDA–ARS, working cooperatively with the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, and the American Sugarcane League, Inc., from a cross between the female parent ‘HoCP 85‐845’ and the male parent ‘LCP 85‐384’. It was released to growers in Louisiana in May 2011. Yields from three crops (plant, first ratoon, and second ratoon) at 12 farm locations compared well with HoCP 96‐540, the most widely grown cultivar in Louisiana during that time. The plant‐cane sucrose yield (Mg ha−1) of HoCP 04‐838 was equivalent to HoCP 96‐540, and cane yield was significantly higher than HoCP 96‐540. HoCP 04‐838 is earlier maturing than HoCP 96‐540 but not as early as ‘HoCP 00‐950’, the high sucrose standard cultivar. Mature stalk cold tolerance was similar to LCP 85‐384, the cold tolerance standard. HoCP 04‐838 is resistant to smut, mosaic caused by Sorghum mosaic virus, brown rust, and ratoon stunt. HoCP 04‐838 is moderately resistant to leaf scald and is susceptible to Sugarcane yellow leaf virus. It is resistant to sugarcane borer. HoCP 04‐838's high yield potential and cold tolerance make it a useful addition to existing commercial sugarcane cultivars in Louisiana.
Experimental Study of the Aerodynamic Interaction between the Forewing and Hindwing of a Beetle-Type Ornithopter
Authors: Takahashi Hidetoshi , Abe Kosuke , Takahata Tomoyuki , Shimoyama Isao
Published: August 2018

Beetles have attracted attention from researchers due to their unique combination of a passively flapping forewing and an actively flapping hindwing during flight. Because the wing loads of beetles are larger than the wing loads of other insects, the mechanism of beetle flight is potentially useful for modeling a small aircraft with a large weight. In this paper, we present a beetle-type ornithopter in which the wings are geometrically and kinematically modeled after an actual beetle. Furthermore, the forewing is designed to be changeable between no-wing, flapping-wing, or fixed-wing configurations. Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) differential pressure sensors were attached to both the forewing and the hindwing to evaluate the aerodynamic performance during flight. Whether the forewing is configured as a flapping wing or a fixed wing, it generated constant positive differential pressure during forward flight, whereas the differential pressure on the hindwing varied with the flapping motion during forward flight. The experimental results suggest that beetles utilize the forewing for effective vertical force enhancement.
Comparison of Vocalization Patterns in Piglets Which Were Crushed to Those Which Underwent Human Restraint
Authors: Chapel Nichole , Lucas Jeffrey , Radcliffe Scott , Stewart Kara , Lay Donald
Published: August 2018

Though many studies focused on piglet crushing utilizing piglet vocalizations to test sow response, none have verified the properties of test vocalizations against actual crushing events. Ten sows were observed 48 h after parturition, and crushing events were recorded from all sows. When a crushing event occurred, a second piglet within the same litter was used to solicit a vocalization through manual restraint to compare restrained piglets’ call properties to those of crushed piglets’. A total of 659 Restrained calls and 631 Crushed calls were collected. Variables were gathered at the loudest point in a call, and as an average across the entire call. Crushed piglets had a lower fundamental frequency (p < 0.01; Crushed: 523.57 ± 210.6 Hz; Restrained: 1214.86 ± 203.2 Hz) and narrower bandwidth (p < 0.01; Crushed: 4897.01 ± 587.3 Hz; Restrained: 6674.99 ± 574.0 Hz) when analyzed at the loudest portion of a call. Overall, piglets which were crushed had a lower mean peak frequency than those which were restrained (p = 0.01; 1497.08 ± 239.4 Hz and 2566.12 ± 235.0 Hz, respectively). Future research should focus on measuring sow reactivity to Crushed and Restrained piglets to continue to improve research practices.
Mechanisms of LPS-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Neonatal and Adult Rats
Authors: Plotnikov Egor Y. , Brezgunova Anna A. , Pevzner Irina B. , Zorova Ljubava D. , Manskikh Vasily N. , Popkov Vasily A. , Silachev Denis N. , Zorov Dmitry B.
Published: August 2018

Neonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in newborns, greatly associated with severe acute kidney injury (AKI) and failure. Handling of newborns with kidney damage can be significantly different compared to adults, and it is necessary to consider the individuality of an organism’s response to systemic inflammation. In this study, we used lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated acute kidney injury model to study mechanisms of kidney cells damage in neonatal and adult rats. We found LPS-associated oxidative stress was more severe in adults compared to neonates, as judged by levels of carbonylated proteins and products of lipids peroxidation. In both models, LPS-mediated septic simulation caused apoptosis of kidney cells, albeit to a different degree. Elevated levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the kidney dropped after LPS administration in neonates but increased in adults. Renal fibrosis, as estimated by smooth muscle actin levels, was significantly higher in adult kidneys, whereas these changes were less profound in LPS-treated neonatal kidneys. We concluded that in LPS-mediated AKI model, renal cells of neonatal rats were more tolerant to oxidative stress and suffered less from long-term pathological consequences, such as fibrosis. In addition, we assume that by some features LPS administration simulates the conditions of accelerated aging.
Image Dehazing and Enhancement Using Principal Component Analysis and Modified Haze Features
Authors: Kim Minseo , Yu Soohwan , Park Seonhee , Lee Sangkeun , Paik Joonki
Published: August 2018

This paper presents a computationally efficient haze removal and image enhancement methods. The major contribution of the proposed research is two-fold: (i) an accurate atmospheric light estimation using principal component analysis, and (ii) learning-based transmission estimation. To reduce the computational cost, we impose a constraint on the candidate pixels to estimate the haze components in the sub-image. In addition, the proposed method extracts modified haze-relevant features to estimate an accurate transmission using random forest. Experimental results show that the proposed method can provide high-quality results with a significantly reduced computational load compared with existing methods. In addition, we demonstrate that the proposed method can significantly enhance the contrast of low-light images according to the assumption on the visual similarity between the inverted low-light and haze images.
Hybrid Prediction Model for Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension Using DBSCAN-Based Outlier Detection, Synthetic Minority Over Sampling Technique (SMOTE), and Random Forest
Authors: Ijaz Muhammad , Alfian Ganjar , Syafrudin Muhammad , Rhee Jongtae
Published: August 2018

As the risk of diseases diabetes and hypertension increases, machine learning algorithms are being utilized to improve early stage diagnosis. This study proposes a Hybrid Prediction Model (HPM), which can provide early prediction of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension based on input risk-factors from individuals. The proposed HPM consists of Density-based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN)-based outlier detection to remove the outlier data, Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique (SMOTE) to balance the distribution of class, and Random Forest (RF) to classify the diseases. Three benchmark datasets were utilized to predict the risk of diabetes and hypertension at the initial stage. The result showed that by integrating DBSCAN-based outlier detection, SMOTE, and RF, diabetes and hypertension could be successfully predicted. The proposed HPM provided the best performance result as compared to other models for predicting diabetes as well as hypertension. Furthermore, our study has demonstrated that the proposed HPM can be applied in real cases in the IoT-based Health-care Monitoring System, so that the input risk-factors from end-user android application can be stored and analyzed in a secure remote server. The prediction result from the proposed HPM can be accessed by users through an Android application; thus, it is expected to provide an effective way to find the risk of diabetes and hypertension at the initial stage.
Rapid Prototyping of Multi-Functional Battery Energy Storage System Applications
Authors: Zanabria Claudia , Andrén Filip , Kathan Johannes , Strasser Thomas
Published: August 2018

Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) are starting to play an important role in today’s power distribution networks. They provide a manifold of services for fulfilling demands and requests from diverse stakeholders, such as distribution system operators, energy market operators, aggregators but also end-users. Such services are usually provided by corresponding Energy Management Systems (EMS). This paper analyzes the complexity of the EMS development process resulting from an evolving power utility automation.
All-Dielectric Metasurfaces with High-Fluorescence-Enhancing Capability
Authors: Iwanaga Masanobu
Published: August 2018

All-dielectric metasurfaces are an emerging subfield in photonics. Light-wave manipulation has been extensively explored in these metasurfaces. Although light–matter interaction has also been investigated in these metasurfaces, only a limited number of studies have been reported to date. Here, we employ Si-rod-array metasurfaces to examine their fluorescence-enhancing capability. They were designed to have prominent resonances at the working wavelengths of fluorescent molecules. As a result, we experimentally observed significant fluorescence intensity enhancement, exceeding 1000-fold for a reference substrate that was a non-enhancing, flat Si wafer. Thus, we conclude that the all-dielectric metasurfaces can potentially serve as highly fluorescence-enhancing platforms. Their performance is comparable to the best performance reported for metallic metasurfaces. These results strongly suggest that all-dielectric metasurfaces can contribute to fluorescence-sensing of diverse molecules, including biomolecules.
Printed Organic Complementary Inverter with Single SAM Process Using a p-type D-A Polymer Semiconductor
Authors: Takeda Yasunori , Sekine Tomohito , Shiwaku Rei , Murase Tomohide , Matsui Hiroyuki , Kumaki Daisuke , Tokito Shizuo
Published: August 2018

The demonstration of the complementary integrated circuit using printing processes is indispensable for realizing electronic devices using organic thin film transistors. Although complementary integrated circuits have advantages such as low power consumption and a wide output voltage range, complementary integrated circuits fabricated by the printing method have problems regarding driving voltage and performance. Studies on fabrication processes of electronic circuits for printing technology, including optimization and simplification, are also important research topics. In this study, the fabrication process of the printed complementary integrated circuit was simplified by applying a p-type donor-acceptor (D-A) polymer semiconductor, which is not strongly affected by the electrode work function. An inverter circuit and the ring oscillator circuit were demonstrated using this process. The fabricated ring oscillator array showed excellent performance, with low voltage operation and low performance variation.
Single-Phase PV Power Injection Limit due to Voltage Unbalances Applied to an Urban Reference Network Using Real-Time Simulation
Authors: Lucas Alexandre
Published: August 2018

As photovoltaic (PV) penetration increases in low-voltage distribution networks, voltage variation may become a problem. This is particularly important in residential single-phase systems, due to voltage unbalances created by the inflow of points in the network. The existing literature frequently refers to three-phase systems focusing on losses and voltage variations. Many studies tend to use case studies whose conclusions are difficult to replicate and generalise. As levels of residential PV rise, single-phase PV power injection levels, before voltage unbalances reach standard limits, become important to be investigated. In this study, an urban European reference network is considered, and using a real-time digital simulator, different levels of PV penetration are simulated. PV systems are connected to the same phase (unbalanced case), and are also evenly phase-distributed (balanced case). Considering a 2–3% unbalance limit, approximately 3.5–4.6 kW could be injected in every bus in an unbalanced scenario. With a balanced PV distribution, the power injected could reach 10–13 kW per bus. Buses closer to the power transformer allow higher power connections, due to cable distances and inferior voltage drops. Feeder length, loads considered during simulation, and cable shunt capacitance reactance influence the results the most.
Yeast-Mediated Stereoselective Reduction of α-Acetylbutyrolactone
Authors: Mączka Wanda , Wińska Katarzyna , Grabarczyk Małgorzata , Żarowska Barbara
Published: August 2018

α’-1’-Hydroxyethyl-γ-butyrolactone—a product of reduction of α-acetylbutyrolactone possesses two stereogenic centres and two reactive functionalities (an alcohol and an ester group). Additionally, this compound has a similar structure to γ-butyrolactone (GBL) which is psychoactive. In the present work, biotransformation using seven yeast strains was used to obtain anti stereoisomers of α’-1’-hydroxyethyl-γ-butyrolactone. The process was carried out in both growing and resting culture. The effect of media composition and organic solvent addition on stereoselectivity and effectiveness of biotransformation was also studied. After one day of transformation, optically pure (3R,1’R)-hydroxylactone was obtained by means of Yarrowia lipolytica P26A in YPG medium (yeast extract (1%), peptone (2%) and glucose (2%)). In turn, the use of resting cells culture of Candida viswanathi AM120 in the presence of 10% DES (deep eutectic solvent) allowed us to obtain a (3S,1’S)-enantiomer with de = 85% (diastereomeric excess) and ee 76% (enantiomeric excess).
The Visual Construction of the Umayyad Caliphate in Al-Andalus through the Great Mosque of Cordoba
Authors: Capilla Susana Calvo
Published: August 2018

My first exposure to the epigraphic program of the Great Mosque of Cordoba, published in 2001, came from reading an article on the ideological meaning of the decoration and the Quranic citations inscribed in al-Ḥakam II’s addition to the building. In that article, I concluded that the Quranic verses found in the mosque were chosen not only for being a universal proclamation of divine power and praise for the Umayyad dynasty, as proposed by Nuha Khoury in 1996, but also because they clearly fitted in with the particular Andalusi, or rather Cordoban, religious, cultural, and political context in the first half of the 10th century. Most of the inscriptions had been read in the 19th century by Amador de los Ríos, but some of them remained uninterpreted. Given that they were an essential part of the ideological message, it seemed appropriate to revisit the critical reading of the epigraphic program and determine its full meaning. Later, I discussed other architectural aspects of the Great Mosque in which the links to the Andalusi and the eastern Umayyad traditions are a key aspect in understanding why these forms were chosen. Damascus, the eastern Umayyad capital, and to a lesser extent Medina and the Abbasid capitals, became the model for the caliphs of Cordoba. This article proposes to revisit the main architectural and decorative features of the caliphal enlargements of the Great Mosque of Cordoba in order to reflect on the meaning and forms of its epigraphic program.
The Survival of Andalusi Artistic Formulas in the Time of Hernan Ruiz I
Authors: Jordano Ángeles
Published: August 2018

In the transition from the Middle Ages to the Modern Era, Hernan Ruiz I worked as master builder of the Cathedral of Cordoba. His works exemplify the adoption of an artistic language resulting from the symbiosis of Gothic, Renaissance and Islamic formulas. In this paper, we demonstrate the imprint of the Andalusi aesthetic in this master’s work. Through an analysis of his building works and the evolution of his style, we show that Hernan Ruiz I’s legacy is more important than what historiography has previously suggested, which has only addressed the transition in his architectural style from Gothic to Renaissance and has overlooked the impact of Andalusi formulas in his work. Hernan Ruiz I bore witness to an important change in the mentality and aesthetic tastes of his time, and although his son, Hernan Ruiz II, gained greater recognition for his work, his father was able to adapt a church model imbued with the medieval spirit to the demands of the new patrons, namely the nobility and high clergy. These clients imposed their tastes, which were anchored in the past, but were open to new Renaissance influences due to their humanistic training and, at the same time, attracted by the exoticism and prestige of Andalusi art.
Changes of Soil C Stock under Establishment and Abandonment of Arable Lands in Permafrost Area—Central Yakutia
Authors: Desyatkin Alexey R. , Iwasaki Shinya , Desyatkin Roman V. , Hatano Ryusuke
Published: August 2018

Central Yakutia is in one of the most northern agricultural centers of the world. In this territory a notable area of arable land was made by removing the boreal Taiga with the primary purpose of crop cultivation. Such a method of cultivation significantly changes soil total carbon (STC, soil organic carbon + soil carbonate carbon) balance, because of the destroyed upper humus horizon. Soil organic carbon (SOC) of cultivated arable lands is almost a half of that in forest. In abandoned arable lands with grass vegetation, the recovery of SOC has increased to 30% in comparison with cultivated arable lands. On arable lands recovering with new growth of trees, the SOC is related to the abandonment period. Soil carbonates carbon (SCC) content was significantly lower than SOC and showed significant difference among abandoned and other types of arable lands. Objectives of this study are to identify how STC stocks change in response to conversion of the forests to agricultural land and to analyze the arable land system’s recovery process after abandonment. Furthermore, after transformation of forest to arable land, a significant decrease of STC was observed, primarily due to mechanical loss after plant residue removal. It was also identified that the restoration and self-recovery of STC in abandoned arable lands of Central Yakutia continuously and slightly increase. Grass vegetation regenerates STC for 20 years. While the difference of average STC of forests and cultivated arable lands reached 41%, a new growth of forest on some abandoned arable land follows the tendency of STC decrease due to a low productivity level and suppressing effect on grass vegetation.
Seasonal Changes of Extremes in Isolated and Mesoscale Precipitation for the Southeastern United States
Authors: Rickenbach Thomas
Published: August 2018

The association between instantaneous extreme precipitation and mesoscale organization over the southeastern United States is not well known. This study addresses whether isolated precipitation features have a distinct distribution and spatial pattern of extreme rain compared to mesoscale precipitation features, and how these distributions and spatial patterns change from spring to summer. Using a four-year surface radar precipitation data set, hourly images of instantaneous extreme rain rates were separated into isolated and mesoscale precipitation features from March through August for the four-year period of 2009–2012. Results show that that compared to isolated convection, mesoscale precipitation organization is more commonly associated with higher extremes in instantaneous rainfall in the southeastern U.S. Extreme rain values tied to mesoscale organization shift eastward and toward the coasts from spring to summer, while extreme rain from isolated convection is mainly a summer phenomenon concentrated in Florida and along the coastal plain. The implication is that dynamical processes favoring mesoscale organization such as high shear associated with baroclinic circulations are more associated with higher values of extreme rain, while thermodynamic forcing and local circulations favoring isolated convection are associated with lower values of extreme rain.
Post-Monsoon Season Precipitation Reduction over South Asia: Impacts of Anthropogenic Aerosols and Irrigation
Authors: Chen Wei-Ting , Huang Kung-Tzu , Lo Min-Hui , LinHo L. H.
Published: August 2018

A significant declining trend of post-monsoon season precipitation in South Asia is observed between 2000–2014. Two major anthropogenic climate change drivers, aerosols and irrigation, have been steadily increasing during this period. The impacts of their regional and seasonal forcings on the post-monsoon precipitation reduction is investigated in this study through using idealized global climate simulations. The increased post-monsoon aerosol loadings lead to surface cooling downwind of the source areas by reduced surface shortwave flux. The addition of post-monsoon irrigation induces a stronger temperature decrease mainly around the irrigation hotspots by enhanced evaporation. Precipitation over West and North India is reduced post-monsoon by either aerosol or irrigation, which is mainly contributed by the anomalous subsidence. With concurrent forcings, the surface cooling and precipitation decrease are stronger and more extended spatially than the response to the separate forcing, with nonlinear amplification in surface cooling, but nonlinear damping in precipitation reduction. The anomalous vertical motion accelerates the transition of the regional meridional circulation, and hence the earlier withdrawal of the summer monsoon, which is consistent with the observed signals. The current results highlight the importance of including anthropogenic aerosol and irrigation effects in present and future climate simulations over South Asia.
Evaluation of a Computer-Aided Diagnosis System in the Classification of Lesions in Breast Strain Elastography Imaging
Authors: Marcomini Karem D. , Fleury Eduardo F. C. , Oliveira Vilmar M. , Carneiro Antonio A. O. , Schiabel Homero , Nishikawa Robert M.
Published: August 2018

Purpose: Evaluation of the performance of a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system based on the quantified color distribution in strain elastography imaging to evaluate the malignancy of breast tumors. Methods: The database consisted of 31 malignant and 52 benign lesions. A radiologist who was blinded to the diagnosis performed the visual analysis of the lesions. After six months with no eye contact on the breast images, the same radiologist and other two radiologists manually drew the contour of the lesions in B-mode ultrasound, which was masked in the elastography image. In order to measure the amount of hard tissue in a lesion, we developed a CAD system able to identify the amount of hard tissue, represented by red color, and quantify its predominance in a lesion, allowing classification as soft, intermediate, or hard. The data obtained with the CAD system were compared with the visual analysis. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) for the classification using the CAD system from the manual delineation of the contour by each radiologist. Results: The performance of the CAD system for the most experienced radiologist achieved sensitivity of 70.97%, specificity of 88.46%, and AUC of 0.853. The system presented better performance compared with his visual diagnosis, whose sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were 61.29%, 88.46%, and 0.829, respectively. The system obtained sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of 67.70%, 84.60%, and 0.783, respectively, for images segmented by Radiologist 2, and 51.60%, 92.30%, and 0.771, respectively, for those segmented by the Resident. The intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.748. The inter-observer agreement of the CAD system with the different contours was good in all comparisons. Conclusions: The proposed CAD system can improve the radiologist performance for classifying breast masses, with excellent inter-observer agreement. It could be a promising tool for clinical use.
The Expanding Role of Ketogenic Diets in Adult Neurological Disorders
Authors: McDonald Tanya , Cervenka Mackenzie
Published: August 2018

The current review highlights the evidence supporting the use of ketogenic diet therapies in the management of adult epilepsy, adult malignant glioma and Alzheimer’s disease. An overview of the scientific literature, both preclinical and clinical, in each area is presented and management strategies for addressing adverse effects and compliance are discussed.
Individualized Immunological Data for Precise Classification of OCD Patients
Authors: Lamothe Hugues , Baleyte Jean-Marc , Smith Pauline , Pelissolo Antoine , Mallet Luc
Published: August 2018

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) affects about 2% of the general population, for which several etiological factors were identified. Important among these is immunological dysfunction. This review aims to show how immunology can inform specific etiological factors, and how distinguishing between these etiologies is important from a personalized treatment perspective. We found discrepancies concerning cytokines, raising the hypothesis of specific immunological etiological factors. Antibody studies support the existence of a potential autoimmune etiological factor. Infections may also provoke OCD symptoms, and therefore, could be considered as specific etiological factors with specific immunological impairments. Finally, we underline the importance of distinguishing between different etiological factors since some specific treatments already exist in the context of immunological factors for the improvement of classic treatments.
Disentangling the Neural Basis of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Psychiatric Disorders: A Focus on Depression
Authors: Chalah Moussa A. , Ayache Samar S.
Published: August 2018

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) stands among the most frequent psychiatric disorders. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been shown to be effective for treating depression, yet its neural mechanisms of action are not well elucidated. The objective of this work is to assess the available neuroimaging studies exploring CBT’s effects in adult patients with MDD. Methods: Computerized databases were consulted till April 2018 and a research was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines in order to identify original research articles published at any time in English and French languages on this topic. Results: Seventeen studies were identified. Only one study was randomized comparing CBT to pharmacological interventions, and none included an effective control. Following CBT, changes occurred in cerebral areas that are part of the fronto-limbic system, namely the cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex and amygdala-hippocampal complex. However, the pattern of activation and connectivity in these areas varied across the studies. Conclusion: A considerable heterogeneity exists with regard to study design, adapted CBT type and intensity, and employed neuroimaging paradigms, all of which may partly explain the difference in studies’ outcomes. The lack of randomization and effective controls in most of them makes it difficult to draw formal conclusion whether the observed effects are CBT mediated or due to spontaneous recovery. Despite the observed inconsistencies and dearth of data, CBT appears to exert its anti-depressant effects mainly by modulating the function of affective and cognitive networks devoted to emotions generation and control, respectively. This concept remains to be validated in large scale randomized controlled trials.
4E Music Pedagogy and the Principles of Self-Organization
Authors: Schiavio Andrea , Van der Schyff Dylan
Published: August 2018

Recent approaches in the cognitive and psychological sciences conceive of mind as an Embodied, Embedded, Extended, and Enactive (or 4E) phenomenon. While this has stimulated important discussions and debates across a vast array of disciplines, its principles, applications, and explanatory power have not yet been properly addressed in the domain of musical development. Accordingly, it remains unclear how the cognitive processes involved in the acquisition of musical skills might be understood through the lenses of this approach, and what this might offer for practical areas like music education. To begin filling this gap, the present contribution aims to explore central aspects of music pedagogy through the lenses of 4E cognitive science. By discussing cross-disciplinary research in music, pedagogy, psychology, and philosophy of mind, we will provide novel insights that may help inspire a richer understanding of what musical learning entails. In doing so, we will develop conceptual bridges between the notion of ‘autopoiesis’ (the property of continuous self-regeneration that characterizes living systems) and the emergent dynamics contributing to the flourishing of one’s musical life. This will reveal important continuities between a number of new teaching approaches and principles of self-organization. In conclusion, we will briefly consider how these conceptual tools align with recent work in interactive cognition and collective music pedagogy, promoting the close collaboration of musicians, pedagogues, and cognitive scientists.
Relevance of Embodied Energy and Carbon Emissions on Assessing Cost Effectiveness in Building Renovation—Contribution from the Analysis of Case Studies in Six European Countries
Authors: Almeida Manuela , Ferreira Marco , Barbosa Ricardo
Published: August 2018

The construction sector is facing increasingly strict energy efficiency regulations. Existing buildings have specific technical, functional and economic constraints, which, in fulfilling regulations, could lead to costly and complex renovation procedures and also lead to missed opportunities for improving their energy performance. In this article, the methodology for comparing cost-optimality in building renovations, developed in the International Energy Agency (IEA)–Energy in Buildings and Communities (EBC) Annex 56 project, is extended with a life cycle assessment by including embodied primary energy and carbon emissions in the calculations. The objective is to understand the relevance of embodied energy and carbon emissions in the evaluation of the cost effectiveness of building renovation solutions towards nearly zero energy buildings, as well as the effect of the embodied values in the achievable carbon emissions and primary energy reductions expected in an energy renovation. Results from six case studies, representative of different regions in Europe, suggest that embodied values of energy and carbon emissions have a decreasing effect—ranging from 2 to 32%—on the potential reductions of energy and emissions that can be achieved with renovation measures in buildings. In addition, the consideration of the embodied energy and carbon emissions does not affect the ranking of the renovation packages.
Real-World Implications of Nonbiological Factors with Staging, Prognosis and Clinical Management in Colon Cancer
Authors: Liu Qi , Luo Dakui , Cai Sanjun , Li Qingguo , Li Xinxiang
Published: August 2018

Background: The present study analyzed the nonbiological factors (NBFs) together with the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) staging system to generate a refined, risk-adapted stage for the clinical treatment of colon cancer. Methods: Eligible patients (N = 28,818) with colon cancer between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2014, were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression, analyzed the probabilities of cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with colon cancer, with different NBF-TNM stages. Results: Insurance status, marital status, and median household income were significant prognostic NBFs in the current study (p < 0.05). The concordance index of NBF-TNM stage was 0.857 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.8472–0.8668). Multivariate Cox analyses, indicated that NBF1-stage was independently associated with a 50.4% increased risk of cancer-specific mortality in colon cancer (p < 0.001), which increased to 77.1% in non-metastatic colon cancer. NBF0-stage improved in CSS as compared to the NBF1-stage in the respective stages (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The new proposed NBF-stage was an independent prognostic factor in colon cancer. Effect of NBFs on the survival of colon cancer necessitates further clinical attention. Moreover, the incorporation of NBF-stage into the AJCC TNM staging system is essential for prognostic prediction, and clinical guidance of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II and III colon cancer.
The SUMO System and TGFβ Signaling Interplay in Regulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition: Implications for Cancer Progression
Authors: Chanda Ayan , Sarkar Anusi , Bonni Shirin
Published: August 2018

Protein post-translational modification by the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO), or SUMOylation, can regulate the stability, subcellular localization or interactome of a protein substrate with key consequences for cellular processes including the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). The secreted protein Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGFβ) is a potent inducer of EMT in development and homeostasis. Importantly, the ability of TGFβ to induce EMT has been implicated in promoting cancer invasion and metastasis, resistance to chemo/radio therapy, and maintenance of cancer stem cells. Interestingly, TGFβ-induced EMT and the SUMO system intersect with important implications for cancer formation and progression, and novel therapeutics identification.
Morphologically Tunable MnO2 Nanoparticles Fabrication, Modelling and Their Influences on Electrochemical Sensing Performance toward Dopamine
Authors: He Quanguo , Li Guangli , Liu Xiaopeng , Liu Jun , Deng Peihong , Chen Dongchu
Published: August 2018

The morphology or shape of nanomaterials plays an important role in functional applications, especially in the electrochemical sensing performance of nanocomposites modified electrodes. Herein, the morphology-dependent electrochemical sensing properties of MnO2-reduced graphene oxide/glass carbon electrode (MnO2-RGO/GCE) toward dopamine detection were investigated. Firstly, various morphologies of nanoscale MnO2, including MnO2 nanowires (MnO2 NWs), MnO2 nanorods (MnO2 NRs), and MnO2 nanotubes (MnO2 NTs), were synthesized under different hydrothermal conditions. Then the corresponding MnO2-RGO/GCEs were fabricated via drop-casting and the subsequent electrochemical reduction method. The oxidation peak currents increase with the electrochemical activity area following the order of MnO2 NWs-RGO/GCE, MnO2 NTs-RGO/GCE, and MnO2 NRs-RGO/GCE. The spatial models for MnO2 NWs, MnO2 NTs, and MnO2 NRs are established and accordingly compared by their specific surface area, explaining well the evident difference in electrochemical responses. Therefore, the MnO2 NWs-RGO/GCE is selected for dopamine detection due to its better electrochemical sensing performance. The response peak current is found to be linear with dopamine concentration in the range of 8.0 × 10−8 mol/L–1.0 × 10−6 mol/L and 1.0 × 10−6 mol/L–8.0 × 10−5 mol/L with a lower detection limit of 1 × 10−9 mol/L (S/N = 3). Finally, MnO2 NWs-RGO/GCE is successfully used for the determination of dopamine injection samples, with a recovery of 99.6–103%. These findings are of great significance for understanding the relationship between unlimited nanoparticle structure manipulation and performance improvement.
Morphology-Controlled Nitrogen-Containing Polymers as Synthetic Precursors for Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction Fe/N/C Cathode Catalysts
Authors: Nabae Yuta
Published: August 2018

Nitrogen-containing aromatic polymers such as polyimide are known for their high thermal stability. While they have been widely used in industry, their relevance to catalysis is still quite limited. In recent years, nitrogen-containing polymers have been explored as precursors of nitrogen-doped carbonaceous materials, which are particularly attractive as non-precious metal catalysts for oxygen reduction in fuel cells. The high thermal stability of nitrogen-containing polymers contributes to an effective control over the morphology of the resulting carbonaceous catalysts. This review article provides an overview of the recent progress on the research and development of Fe/N/C oxygen reduction catalysts prepared from morphology-controlled nitrogen-containing polymers.