bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emotion Based Crime Track
Authors: Saiprasad V  , Sreyas J  , Megha S  , Akshay A  , Jibin Joy
Published: April 2024

Human emotions, which are primarily conveyed through nonverbal communication such as facial expressions and body language, can be challenging to decipher due to their nuanced nature. For instance, an angry individual might avoid making eye contact, clench their fists, or display a furrowed brow, while a person experiencing joy may exhibit a wide smile, relaxed posture, and lively gestures. Similarly, the subtleties in the facial expressions and emotions of potential criminals can be identified using Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques. These AI methodologies involve several steps: initially capturing the face, then detecting and testing the face for various expressions, followed by facial recognition, and finally analyzing facial ratios to identify criminals or specific individuals based on behavioral cues and patterns. Utilizing the latest advancements in technology, the Python programming language, in conjunction with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) algorithms, is employed to analyze a person’s emotions with remarkable accuracy and efficiency. This project introduces a cutting-edge technique known as Facial Emotion Recognition using Convolutional Neural Networks (FERC). FERC operates in two primary phases within the CNN framework: the first phase aims to remove the background from the image, while the second focuses on the intricate details of facial features, allowing the system to extract and analyze these features with precision. The culmination of this process is the detection of the subject's emotion, which is subsequently presented in a comprehensive graphical report. This report showcases the detected emotions over time, providing valuable insights into the individual’s emotional state, enabling researchers, psychologists, and even law enforcement agencies to better understand human behavior and emotional responses in various contexts.
AI Trainer : Video-Based Squat Analysis
Authors: Prof. Anuja Garande  , Kushank Patil  , Rasika Deshmukh  , Gurav Siddhi , Chaitanya Yadav
Published: April 2024

This research proposes a video-based system for analyzing human squats and providing real-time feedback to improve posture. The system leverages MediaPipe, an open-source pose estimation library, to identify key body joints during squats. By calculating crucial joint angles (knee flexion, hip flexion, ankle dorsiflexion), the system assesses squat form against established biomechanical principles. Deviations from these principles trigger real-time feedback messages or visual cues to guide users towards optimal squat posture. The paper details the system architecture, with a client-side application performing pose estimation and feedback generation. The methodology outlines data collection with various squat variations, system development integrating MediaPipe, and evaluation through user testing with comparison to expert evaluations. Key features include real-time feedback and customizable thresholds for user adaptation. Potential applications encompass fitness training, physical therapy, and sports training. Finally, the paper explores future work possibilities like mobile integration, advanced feedback mechanisms, and machine learning for automatic threshold adjustments. This research offers a valuable tool for squat analysis, empowering users to achieve their fitness goals with proper form and reduced injury risk.
Políticas educativas y alto rendimiento deportivo
Authors: Rodríguez Feilberg Norma Beatriz , Vaccari Agustin
Published: April 2024

Con el objetivo de analizar las percepciones de las y los deportistas de alto rendimiento en su trayectoria educativa, el estudio se propuso indagar los modos en los cuales se manifiesta la continuidad pedagógica en la Escuela Alfonsina Storni de la ciudad de Córdoba. La institución educativa, ubicada en el Estadio Mario Alberto Kempes, tiene como principal propósito implementar el Programa de Inclusión y Terminalidad de la Escuela Secundaria, destinado a jóvenes de 14 a 17 años, cuya finalidad es que deportistas de alto rendimiento logren la integralidad y terminalidad educativa, en adecuación con el proyecto deportivo de cada estudiante. El estudio de carácter cualitativo permitió explorar de manera detallada y comprensiva el funcionamiento del programa, así como las experiencias de las y los deportistas de élite involucrados. Los datos recopilados a través de observaciones y entrevistas proporcionaron una base sólida para el análisis y la interpretación de los resultados, cuestión que hizo posible visualizar la relevancia del abordaje de la vinculación entre trayectorias deportivas y educativas. La investigación muestra la importancia de construir espacios educativos que garanticen el derecho a la educación, al tiempo que se posibilita y se potencia la práctica deportiva en sus diferentes niveles y modalidades.
Imunotoxicidade comparativa de abelhas, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae), expostas a xenobióticos naturais e sintéticos
Authors: Melo Fernando Henrique Boaventura de , Teixeira Valéria Wanderley , Camara Claudio Augusto Gomes da , Souza Catiane Oliveira , Cruz Glaucilane dos Santos , Monteiro Vaneska Barbosa , Moraes Marcilio Martins , Vieira Filho Leucio Duarte , Malerbo-Souza Darclet Teresinha , Soares Anísio Francisco , Teixeira Álvaro Aguiar Coelho
Published: April 2024

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os efeitos de pesticidas químicos naturais e sintéticos, examinando assim a suposta seletividade desses compostos naturais sobre as abelhas Apis mellifera. Os valores de CL50 usados nos bioensaios foram obtidos na pesquisa de Souza et al. (2023) e são os seguintes: Karate® (13,4 µL/100 mL), composto de Limoneno (1.440 µL/100 mL) e Roundup® (712.290 µL/100 mL). No entanto, conforme relatado por esses autores, uma concentração de 250 µL/100 ml foi utilizada para Azamax®. Esses valores de CL50, juntamente com uma concentração de 250 µL/100 mL de Azamax®, foram empregados em análises imunohistoquímicas utilizando o método TUNEL e PCNA no intestino médio das abelhas. Avaliações imunológicas (óxido nítrico, fenoloxidase e marcadores de estresse oxidativo TBARS e GSH) também foram realizadas em abelhas operárias adultas. Os tratamentos xenobióticos não revelaram apoptose ou proliferação celular. No entanto, observamos degeneração epitelial, marcada pela presença de células vacuoladas, sugerindo um processo necrótico. Exceto pelo composto de Limoneno, todas as substâncias induziram estresse oxidativo, levando a níveis aumentados de TBARS. Embora não tenham ocorrido diferenças nos níveis de GSH, observamos alterações no sistema imunológico desses insetos, caracterizadas pelo aumento da atividade da fenoloxidase e dos níveis de NO2. Com base nos resultados obtidos, é possível concluir que deve-se ter cautela ao utilizar pesticidas químicos na agricultura, quer sejam de origem sintética ou natural, pois têm o potencial de causar danos histopatológicos e imunológicos irreversíveis. Este estudo também destaca a importância de realizar investigações mais abrangentes sobre o impacto dos produtos naturais na fisiologia dos insetos polinizadores.
Premio FIL de Literatura en Lenguas Romances. Lídia Jorge 2020
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Guerreiro Jorge Lídia , Zúñiga Chávez Dulce María , Sáez Delgado Antonio , López Madrueño Natalia Concepción Betzabe
Published: April 2024

"En las obras de Lídia Jorge, el lector explora de la mano del narrador los límites de la condición humana. Siente asombro y, tal vez, la necesidad de reaccionar ante los desafíos (iba a escribir “los desastres”) del mundo. De nuestro mundo. Es una obra inquietante, en la cual la memoria (el verdadero laboratorio de la escritora) se transforma en una especie de deber, de obligación ética".
Digital cognitive tribes in classroom
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Flores Rueda Isabel Cristina , Rodríguez-Sánchez José de Jesús , Tristán Monrroy Beatriz Virginia
Published: April 2024

The aim of this research was to explore the possibility of conforming types of students, as well as to identify a possible relationship between the educational trajectory and the self-perception of both cognitive and technical skills. The research design was quantitative, transectional correlational. The analysis followed the structural equation model, hierarchical conglomerates and K-means, as well as a Chi-square hypothesis test. The information was collected from 191 university students, and the results showed three types of students that we called: analytical thinkers, progressing learners and technological innovators in addition to identifying a relationship between semester and cognitive skills as techniques. The studies that showed types of students based on cognitive and technical skills are rare and not very conclusive, although they focus on exploring different variables. This study was the first to address skills a priori of self-perceived cognitive and technical skills, as well as a description of the student environment based on different types for the possible application of multimodal courses, in addition to providing a key variable in high and positive self-perception: the semester.
Women and distance higher education: rural and urban experiences in the post-pandemic
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Cisneros-Cohernour Edith J. , Domínguez Castillo José Gabriel , Vázquez Carrillo Ileana del Socorro
Published: April 2024

During the covid-19 pandemic, distance education witnessed a surge in credibility, popularity, and advantages; however, this change disproportionately impacted vulnerable groups: the low-income population, the disabled, indigenous groups and children of migrants. While research in basic education has been conducted, information regarding online learning experiences of female university students is limited, especially in relation to gender. Therefore, the present study surveyed 1 206 female undergraduate students from rural and urban contexts to analyze their experiences in distance classes during confinement. Significant differences were found according to context, with women from urban settings valuing the design of assignments and strategies, and instructional design, while those from rural contexts demanded greater attention from their tutors. In both cases, participants lacked prior experience with online courses and suitable learning environments. In conclusion, these disparities warrant further investigation and targeted measures to bridge the gender gap in distance education.
Quality assurance and evaluation of e-learning programs and courses
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Perezchica Vega José Eduardo , Sepúlveda Rodríguez Jesuán Adalberto , Parra Encinas Karla Lariza
Published: April 2024

The objective of this work is to explore the categories, criteria and indicators necessary to evaluate the quality of the educational programs and the instructional design of their courses on e-learning. This is, with the intention of generating indicators and/or instruments for quality assurance and its evaluation that serve intrinsic purposes to the instructional design, to the operation of the courses object of the design and the educational programs in this modality, as well as to administrative purposes in higher education institutions. For this, different models are examined, and the context of the official Mexican evaluation models is reviewed. Finally, recommendations are integrated according to the situation of Higher Education Institutions in Mexico.
Digital citizenship: Meta-analysis of research in Mexico
Authors:   Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, López Jacobo Diego René , Angulo Armenta Joel , Torres Gastelú Carlos Arturo , López Herrera Marina ,   Universidad Veracruzana
Published: April 2024

The present study was a meta-analysis compiling research on digital citizenship conducted in Mexico in 2011 - 2023. It was guided by the objective of arguing, analyzing and categorizing the lines of knowledge generation and application (LGAC) related to digital citizenship in Mexico. The methodology applied was meta-analysis where 88 research studies were documented: 47 papers, 33 journal articles and 8 theses. The studies found support the existence of six LGAC in Mexico. It was concluded that the studies are related to understanding the way in which society appropriates digital technologies, interactions through social networks and the manifestations of digital identity. Another point to highlight is that the study of digital citizenship has been used to analyze the acquisition of digital skills and attitudes, social issues addressed by digitalization, the roles played by educational actors in the virtual environment and the promotion of multiculturalism. The studies found provide relevance to the LGAC, and allow concluding that digital citizenship is a topic present in research on educational technology in Mexico.
Professional development needs in Digital Skills for Teachers: a case study
Authors:   Universidad Veracruzana, Galicia Alarcón Liliana Aidé
Published: April 2024

This paper presents the results of a research work focused on identifying educational improvements needs in the field of digital teaching skills (DTS) in higher education, specifically in a Teacher Training College. There are several frameworks to assess this, however, this research focused on those related to the competence: communication and collaboration described in the Marco Común de Competencias Digitales Docentes (MCCDD) (INTEF, 2017). The pandemic evidenced as an emerging requirement in terms of the DTS also national and international foundations in which it is highlighted how these are essential to support lifelong learning and to inclusion. Ten teachers from Veracruz participated in the study through the focus group technique, which made it possible to recover information to learn about their perspectives on the training needs they identified in the area of the DTS, both in themselves and in the degree program in education in which they teach. The MAXQDA program was used to analyze the information and graphs were created with the segments of their oral participations. The results are shown in Unique-Code Model (summaries) of each skill in the area of communication and collaboration.
A process-based approach to transtheoretical clinical research and training
Authors: Hofmann Stefan G. , Hayes Steven C.
Published: April 2024

Background

The science and practice of psychopathology and psychological intervention of today is more like an island archipelago than it is a single land mass, and connections between different traditions are both limited and fraught with misunderstanding.

Method

Our analysis and solution to the problem is process-based therapy (PBT). PBT defines psychopathology as failed adaptation processes to a given context. Therapy involves adaptation through context-dependent or context-altering applications of biopsychosocial strategies that allows a goal to be met.

Results

This coherent approach to more transtheoretical and integrative concepts of clinical training and practice provides a firm foundation by targeting biopsychosocial processes of change, analyzing these processes using an idiographic complex network analytic approach, and organizing findings on the intellectual agora of multi-dimensional and multi-level evolutionary science.

Conclusion

PBT is a new empirical form of functional analysis, resulting in interventions and trainings that are built on elements or kernels of direct relevance to client’s specific needs. In PBT, case formulation continues as long as treatment persists.
From theory to practice: A transtheoretical treatment and training model (4TM)
Authors: Lutz Wolfgang , Schwartz Brian , Deisenhofer Anne-Katharina , Schaffrath Jana , Eberhardt Steffen T. , Bommer Jana , Vehlen Antonia , Moggia Danilo , Poster Kaitlyn , Weinmann-Lutz Birgit , Rubel Julian A. , Hehlmann Miriam I.
Published: April 2024

Background

In this paper, we present the conceptual background and clinical implications of a research-based transtheoretical treatment and training model (4TM).

Method

The model implements findings from psychotherapy outcome, process, and feedback research into a clinical and training framework that is open to future research.

Results

The framework is based on interventions targeting patient processes on a behavioral, cognitive, emotional, motivational, interpersonal, and systemic/socio-cultural level. The 4TM also includes a data-based decision support and feedback system called the Trier Treatment Navigator (TTN).

Conclusion

We discuss important problems associated with clinical orientations solely based on one school of thought. We then contrast these concerns with a clinical and training framework that embraces ongoing research, serving as a guiding structure for process-based transtheoretical interventions. Such research-based psychological therapy can take both traditional and novel clinical developments as well as findings from psychotherapy research into account and be adaptively disseminated to a variety of patient populations.
Between-session homework in clinical training and practice: A transtheoretical perspective
Authors: Ryum Truls , Kazantzis Nikolaos
Published: April 2024

Background

This paper defines and illustrates the ways in which Between-Session Homework (BSH) may be integrated into clinical work with clients across various treatment approaches. In line with the focus of this special issue, we explore how clinical training and supervision can enhance therapist skills and competence in the use of BSH.

Method

After providing a brief historical overview and an integrative perspective on BSH, along with a review of empirical research supporting its efficacy, we delve into the discussion of BSH as a transtheoretical clinical method with heuristic value across different treatment approaches, such as cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, and humanistic-experiential therapies.

Results

There exists diversity in how BSH is incorporated into distinct treatment approaches. Furthermore, we emphasize the significance of therapist skills and competence in utilizing BSH to facilitate client engagement and achieve positive treatment outcomes. Finally, we address how clinical training and supervision contribute to the development of these essential skills and competence.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight three main points: (1) substantial empirical support for the integration of BSH within cognitive-behavioral therapies, (2) the potential of BSH as a promising transtheoretical clinical method, even though research beyond cognitive-behavioral therapies remains limited, and (3) the imperative need for further research into how clinical training and supervision can effectively enhance therapist skills and competence in implementing BSH.
Competence-based trainings for psychological treatments – A transtheoretical perspective
Authors: Rief Winfried , Wilhelm Marcel , Bleichhardt Gaby , Strauss Bernhard , Frostholm Lisbeth , von Blanckenburg Pia
Published: April 2024

Background

Although in most countries psychotherapy trainings focus on one treatment orientation, such an approach is associated with systematic shortcomings. The priorities from teaching one theoretical framework should be moved to a more rigorous orientation in science and evidence-based practice, and to the needs of patients, even if strategies of different theoretical approaches need to be combined.

Method

We discuss whether competence-based trainings in psychological treatments offer a better framework to facilitate the progress of psychological treatments to a professional academic discipline with transtheoretical exchange, and we provide an example of a transtheoretical education in the basic competences of psychological treatments. A transtheoretical education program requires an umbrella model for case formulation and a transtheoretical definition of intervention goals.

Results

We provide an adaptation of the traditional model distinguishing vulnerability/resilience, exacerbation, and maintenance of clinical problems for case conceptualization. Dynamic network models offer a further perspective for developing modern, transtheoretical case formulations. Treatment methods should be better classified according to their transtheoretical goals, which offers opportunities to better compare or combine them. We report a case example of how to transform a general competence-based approach in the training of psychological treatments in the academic education system, which found exceptional acceptance from participating students.

Conclusion

Thus, a rigorous competence-based approach to training early clinicians in applying psychological treatments helps to bridge the artificial divide between psychotherapeutic traditions. It also supports the evolution of psychological treatments into an academically robust and highly professional, integrative discipline.
RNPLS&T’s research and educational projects through the prism of opportunities for interstate sharing of sci-tech information between the CIS countries
Authors:   Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology, Sokolova Yulia V. ,   All-Russian Institute for Scientific and Technical Information
Published: April 2024

The author reviews the key regulatory and law documents related to sharing of sci-tech information in the CIS countries, and suggests the book exchange framework. She also discusses the RNPLS&T’s research and educational projects potentially useful for GSNTI participants and other CISbased organizations, e. g. Russian Union Catalog of Sci-tech Literature, Information System of the Union Catalog of Organizations in Science and Education, State Rubricator of Sci-tech information, etc.
Information search on the World Wide Web: Digitalization paradoxes and concealed documents
Authors:   Nobel International Information Center, Tyutyunnik Vyacheslav M. ,   Moscow State Institute of Culture,   Tambov State Technical University
Published: April 2024

The author discusses various possibilities for information search on the Internet in the context of modern digitalization trends. He specifies and substantiates minimum nine paradoxes impeding and confusing search for research documents, in particular those partially or completely concealed from the users. The binary search, as well as factographic and factolological search are characterized; science – bureaucracy opposition is discussed. The author concludes on the need for international state network of sci-tech information.
Patrimonio conflictivo y participación ciudadana
Authors: Barros García José Manuel
Published: April 2024

El patrimonio conflictivo engloba todos aquellos elementos del pasado que generan controversia, rechazo o conflicto en la sociedad actual. Un claro ejemplo son las esculturas confederadas en Estados Unidos. Decidir el destino de estas y otras piezas vinculadas al racismo o a regímenes autoritarios es una cuestión compleja que no puede depender solamente de la opinión de expertos. La participación ciudadana es esencial y ya hay ejemplos interesantes de proyectos en los que se ha vinculado a la comunidad en la toma de decisiones. La estatua de Edward Colston en Bristol (Reino Unido) y la del general confederado Robert E. Lee en Charlottesville (Virginia, Estados Unidos) son dos casos muy representativos. Es clave promover espacios de diálogo constructivo que permitan abordar las diferencias de manera productiva y llegar a acuerdos que sean aceptables para la mayoría de la comunidad. De este modo se pueden tomar decisiones acerca de si una pieza debe mantenerse in situ, ser trasladada, restaurada e incluso si debería ser destruida.
Percepção de risco para HIV/AIDS de jovens universitários em região de fronteira sob a ótica do modelo de crenças em saúde
Authors: Do Nascimento de Lemos Campos Fernanda , André Kafer Juliano , Meire Munhak da Silva Rosane , Rodrigues Feijão Alexsandra , Paino Marcelle , Contiero Ana Paula
Published: April 2024

Compreender a percepção de risco de jovens universitários sobre o HIV/Aids em uma região de fronteira. Estudo descritivo, qualitativo, baseado no referencial teórico do Modelo de Crenças em Saúde. Foram realizadas entrevistas com 34 jovens universitários de Foz do Iguaçu, Brasil, entre setembro e dezembro de 2022. Elegeu-se a análise temática para análise de dados, emergindo quatro categorias; suscetibilidade percebida, a severidade percebida, os benefícios percebidos e as barreiras percebidas. Os jovens têm baixa percepção de risco para o HIV e acreditam que viver com HIV/Aids não é nocivo à saúde. As principais barreiras percebidas foram: falta de informação, baixas condições socioeconômicas e ausência de políticas públicas. Aponta-se para a relevância na adoção de políticas públicas específicas à população jovem, que priorizem a educação sexual nas escolas, garantindo o acesso à informação, entre os diferentes grupos, para, assim, contribuir para a redução da exposição ao risco entre os jovens.
The Implementation of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points in the Amplang Production Process at UMKM X, Balikpapan
Authors: Malik Anis Rohmana , Anggraini Novita Lizza , Isabella Mayati , Sudarni Adiek Astika Clara
Published: April 2024

Background: Amplang is a snack made primarily from fish and is usually given as souvenirs to tourists, especially in Balikpapan. The process of making amplang involves a fairly long process, that might lead to bacterial growth if not handled correctly. Therefore, Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point is one of the methods that can be used to prevent food contamination. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to assess the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point implementation in the production process of amplang by Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises of X in Balikpapan. Method: This research is qualitative in nature with a case study approach. The informants in this study were the owners and employees of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises of X who are responsible for the amplang production process from fish meat storage to packaging. Results and Discussion: The formulation of the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point stages indicates that the critical point is in the fish meat grinding process. Based on the bacterial testing results at each stage of amplang production in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises of X, it meets the requirements of SNI 7763:2013. Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises of X has implemented the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point system effectively. To maintain and improve the existing conditions, it is recommended that the owner chooses suppliers of fresh fish raw materials who also implement food safety and personal hygiene systems. The production facility layout should be organized according to the 5R/5S principles to prevent contamination of raw materials and ensure the safety of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises of X workers.
Comparative Pharmacokinetics Study of the Leutragin Peptide Drug in Blood Serum and Lung Tissue in C57BL/6Y Mice after Single Inhalation Administration
Authors: Ogneva N. S. , Nesterov M. S. , Khvostov D. V. , Fokin Yu. V. , Karkischenko V. N.
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a study into the pharmacokinetics of a new inhaled anti-inflammatory hexapeptide, registered as “Leutragin”. This drug is used as a new treatment approach for viral pneumonias, whose severe course is directly related to the cytokine inflammatory cascade referred to as a cytokine storm. The study involved investigation of lung tissue and serum after a single inhalation administration of Leutragin to mice of the C57BL/6Y line at a dose of 150 mg/kg. The time required to reach the maximum concentration (Tmax) of Leutragin in serum and lung was 30 min and 10 min, respectively. The maximum concentration (Cmax) in lung was 358.5 ng/g, which exceeded the concentration maximum for blood (53.84 ng/g) by over six times. It was found that, after inhalation administration, Leutragin is rather rapidly eliminated from the body with the half-life of the drug (t1/2el) from blood serum and lungs ranging from 25.8 to 38.9 min.
Establishment and validation of a 5-factor diagnostic model for obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia based on routine clinical parameters
Authors: Zhu Xiaoyu , Liu Yin , Huang Ying , Tan Hongxia , He Meifang , Wang Dong
Published: April 2024

Azoospermia is a serious leading male-factor cause of infertility in couples of childbearing age. The two main azoospermia types, obstructive (OA) and non-obstructive (NOA) azoospermia, differ in their treatment approaches. Therefore, their clinical diagnosis is extremely important, requiring an accurate, efficient, and easy-to-use diagnostic model. This retrospective observational study included 707 patients with azoospermia treated between 2017 and 2021, 498 with OA, and 209 with NOA. Hematological and seminal plasma parameters, hormone levels, and testicular volume were used in logistic regression analysis to evaluate and compare their diagnostic performance, results showed that the optimal diagnostic model is constructed by five variables including semen volume, semen pH, seminal plasma neutral α-glucosidase activity, follicle-stimulating hormone in the serum, and testicular volume, compared with follicle-stimulating hormone-based and testicular volume-based models. The 5-factor diagnostic model had an accuracy of 90.4%, sensitivity of 96.4%, positive predictive value of 90.6%, negative predictive value of 89.8%, and area under the curve of 0.931, all higher than in the other two models. However, its specificity (76.1%) was slightly lower than in the other models. Meantime, the internal 5-fold cross-validation results indicated that the 5-factor diagnostic model had a good clinical application value. This study established an accurate, efficient, and relatively accessible 5-factor diagnostic model for OA and NOA, providing a reference for clinical decision-making when selecting an appropriate treatment.
Rice yield in Costa Rican Central Pacific did not improve with a urease inhibitor
Authors: Pérez-Castillo Ana Gabriela , Giraldo-Sanclemente Weynner , Monge-Muñoz Mayela , Chinchilla-Soto Cristina , Alpízar-Marín Melvin , Zaman Mohammad
Published: April 2024

Urea is widely used as nitrogen (N) source for rice fertilization in Costa Rica, despite its low efficiency linked to ammonia losses. To assess urea management alternatives, two field experiments were conducted in the Central Pacific region of Costa Rica to study the effect of N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) on rice yield and N use efficiency (NUE). In Experiment 1 (Exp1) three tillage treatments (commercial-CT-, reduced-RT-, and reduced tillage with previous subsoiler-RTS-) were evaluated with three N managements: control (without N), urea at 124 kg N ha-1 with and without NBPT. In Experiment 2 (Exp2), a 100 kg N ha-1 rate (with and without NPBT) was evaluated along with a control (without N). NUE was estimated using 15N urea isotopic labeling technique for both trials. In Exp1, a significant difference of 4.8% in NUE for grain was observed among urea with and without NBPT, but no tillage effect was observed. No statistically significant differences were observed in yield among the fertilization treatments (Exp1: 3.56 ± 0.98 t ha-1 for urea and 3.85 ± 0.85 t ha-1 for urea with NBPT; Exp2: 3.38 ± 0.39 t ha-1 for urea and 3.40 ± 0.58 t ha-1 for urea with NBPT) or due to different tillage practices (CT: 3.33 ± 0.79 t ha-1, RT: 3.56 ± 0.74 t ha-1, and RTS: 4.23 ± 0.98 t ha-1). Although the NBPT is a viable option to reduce ammonia losses, its adoption in tropical conditions might be restricted by the small impact on yield.
Compound heterozygous mutation of the SNX14 gene causes autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 20
Authors: Shao Yuqi , Yang Saisai , Li Jiafu , Cheng Lin , Kang Jiawei , Liu Juan , Ma Jianhong , Duan Jie , Zhang Yuanzhen
Published: April 2024

Objective: The article aims to provide genetic counseling to a family with two children who were experiencing growth and developmental delays.

Methods: Clinical information of the proband was collected. Peripheral blood was collected from core family members to identify the initial reason for growth and developmental delays by whole exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing. To ascertain the consequences of the newly discovered variants, details of the variants detected were analyzed by bioinformatic tools. Furthermore, we performed in vitro experimentation targeting SNX14 gene expression to confirm whether the variants could alter the expression of SNX14.

Results: The proband had prenatal ultrasound findings that included flattened frontal bones, increased interocular distance, widened bilateral cerebral sulci, and shortened long bones, which resulted in subsequent postnatal developmental delays. The older sister also displayed growth developmental delays and poor muscle tone. WES identified compound heterozygous variants of c.712A>T (p.Arg238Ter) and .2744A>T (p.Gln915Leu) in the SNX14 gene in these two children. Both are novel missense variant that originates from the father and mother, respectively. Sanger sequencing confirmed this result. Following the guideline of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), the SNX14 c.712A>T (p.Arg238Ter) variant was predicted to be pathogenic (P), while the SNX14 c.2744A>T (p.Gln915Leu) variant was predicted to be a variant of uncertain significance (VUS). The structural analysis revealed that the c.2744A>T (p.Gln915Leu) variant may impact the stability of the SNX14 protein. In vitro experiments demonstrated that both variants reduced SNX14 expression.

Conclusion: The SNX14 gene c.712A>T (p.Arg238Ter) and c.2744A>T (p.Gln915Leu) were identified as the genetic causes of growth and developmental delay in two affected children. This conclusion was based on the clinical presentations of the children, structural analysis of the mutant protein, and in vitro experimental validation. This discovery expands the range of SNX14 gene variants and provides a foundation for genetic counseling and guidance for future pregnancies in the affected children’s families.
In vitro characterization of [125I]HY-3-24, a selective ligand for the dopamine D3 receptor
Authors: Lee Ji Youn , Kim Ho Young , Martorano Paul , Riad Aladdin , Taylor Michelle , Luedtke Robert R. , Mach Robert H.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) ligands have been studied for the possible treatment of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. However, selective D3R radioligands for in vitro binding studies have been challenging to identify due to the high structural similarity between the D2R and D3R. In a prior study, we reported a new conformationally-flexible benzamide scaffold having a high affinity for D3R and excellent selectivity vs. D2R. In the current study, we characterized the in vitro binding properties of a new radioiodinated ligand, [125I]HY-3-24.

Methods

In vitro binding studies were conducted in cell lines expressing D3 receptors, rat striatal homogenates, and rat and non-human primate (NHP) brain tissues to measure regional brain distribution of this radioligand.

Results

HY-3-24 showed high potency at D3R (Ki = 0.67 ± 0.11 nM, IC50 = 1.5 ± 0.58 nM) compared to other D2-like dopamine receptor subtypes (D2R Ki = 86.7 ± 11.9 nM and D4R Ki > 1,000). The Kd (0.34 ± 0.22 nM) and Bmax (38.91 ± 2.39 fmol/mg) values of [125I]HY-3-24 were determined. In vitro binding studies in rat striatal homogenates using selective D2R and D3R antagonists confirmed the D3R selectivity of [125I]HY-3-24. Autoradiography results demonstrated that [125I]HY-3-24 specifically binds to D3Rs in the nucleus accumbens, islands of Calleja, and caudate putamen in rat and NHP brain sections.

Conclusion

These results suggest that [125I]HY-3-24 appears to be a novel radioligand that exhibits high affinity binding at D3R, with low binding to other D2-like dopamine receptors. It is anticipated that [125I]HY-3-24 can be used as the specific D3R radioligand.
The effect of sampling window size on topographical maps of foveal cone density
Authors: Warr Emma , Grieshop Jenna , Cooper Robert F. , Carroll Joseph
Published: April 2024

Purpose

To characterize the effect of sampling window size on maps of foveal cone density derived from adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) images of the cone mosaic.

Methods

Forty-four AOSLO-derived montages of the foveal cone mosaic (300 x 300µm) were used for this study (from 44 individuals with normal vision). Cone photoreceptor coordinates were semi-automatically identified by one experienced grader. From these coordinates, cone density matrices across each foveal montage were derived using 10 different sampling window sizes containing 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 150, or 200 cones. For all 440 density matrices, we extracted the location and value of peak cone density (PCD), the cone density centroid (CDC) location, and cone density at the CDC.

Results

Across all window sizes, PCD values were larger than those extracted at the CDC location, though the difference between these density values decreased as the sampling window size increased (p<0.0001). Overall, both PCD (r=-0.8099, p=0.0045) and density at the CDC (r=-0.7596, p=0.0108) decreased with increasing sampling window size. This reduction was more pronounced for PCD, with a 27.8% lower PCD value on average when using the 200-cone versus the 5-cone window (compared to only a 3.5% reduction for density at the CDC between these same window sizes). While the PCD and CDC locations did not occur at the same location within a given montage, there was no significant relationship between this PCD-CDC offset and sampling window size (p=0.8919). The CDC location was less variable across sampling windows, with an average per-participant 95% confidence ellipse area across the 10 window sizes of 47.56µm² (compared to 844.10µm² for the PCD location, p<0.0001).

Conclusion

CDC metrics appear more stable across varying sampling window sizes than PCD metrics. Understanding how density values change according to the method used to sample the cone mosaic may facilitate comparing cone density data across different studies.
Assessing the impact of body composition, metabolic and oxidative stress parameters on insulin resistance as a prognostic marker for reactive hypoglycemia: a cross-sectional study in overweight, obese, and normal weight individuals
Authors: Kościuszko Maria , Buczyńska Angelika , Łuka Katarzyna , Duraj Ewa , Żuk-Czerniawska Katarzyna , Adamska Agnieszka , Siewko Katarzyna , Wiatr Aleksandra , Krętowski Adam Jacek , Popławska-Kita Anna
Published: April 2024

Oxidative stress (OS) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance (IR), particularly in its association with obesity. This study evaluate both the diagnostic and clinical significance of assessing oxidative status in patients affected by overweight and obesity displaying IR, especially with reactive hypoglycemic episodes (RH). A comprehensive examination of OS biomarkers was carried out, encompassing measurements of total oxidative capacity (TOC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Our analysis results reveal noteworthy connections between OS levels and the severity of IR in overweight and obese patients. Moreover, in the study, we demonstrated the diagnostic utility of serum concentrations of TAC and TOC as indicators of the risk of RH, the occurrence of which, even at the stage of overweight, may be associated with increased OS and further development of obesity. Our findings imply that the evaluation of oxidative status could serve as a crucial diagnostic and prognostic tool for patients observed with IR and overweight and obesity. In conclusion, our study underscores the potential utility of assessing oxidative status in the context of IR and highlights the possibility of identifying novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of overweight and obese patients.
Automated identification of atrial fibrillation from single-lead ECGs using multi-branching ResNet
Authors: Xie Jianxin , Stavrakis Stavros , Yao Bing
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, which is clinically identified with irregular and rapid heartbeat rhythm. AF puts a patient at risk of forming blood clots, which can eventually lead to heart failure, stroke, or even sudden death. Electrocardiography (ECG), which involves acquiring bioelectrical signals from the body surface to reflect heart activity, is a standard procedure for detecting AF. However, the occurrence of AF is often intermittent, costing a significant amount of time and effort from medical doctors to identify AF episodes. Moreover, human error is inevitable, as even experienced medical professionals can overlook or misinterpret subtle signs of AF. As such, it is of critical importance to develop an advanced analytical model that can automatically interpret ECG signals and provide decision support for AF diagnostics.

Methods: In this paper, we propose an innovative deep-learning method for automated AF identification using single-lead ECGs. We first extract time-frequency features from ECG signals using continuous wavelet transform (CWT). Second, the convolutional neural networks enhanced with residual learning (ReNet) are employed as the functional approximator to interpret the time-frequency features extracted by CWT. Third, we propose to incorporate a multi-branching structure into the ResNet to address the issue of class imbalance, where normal ECGs significantly outnumber instances of AF in ECG datasets.

Results and Discussion: We evaluate the proposed Multi-branching Resnet with CWT (CWT-MB-Resnet) with two ECG datasets, i.e., PhysioNet/CinC challenge 2017 and ECGs obtained from the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC). The proposed CWT-MB-Resnet demonstrates robust prediction performance, achieving an F1 score of 0.8865 for the PhysioNet dataset and 0.7369 for the OUHSC dataset. The experimental results signify the model’s superior capability in balancing precision and recall, which is a desired attribute for ensuring reliable medical diagnoses.
Paradigmatic and syntagmatic effects of information status on prosodic prominence – evidence from an interactive web-based production experiment in German
Authors: Lorenzen Janne , Roessig Simon , Baumann Stefan
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we investigate how information status is encoded paradigmatically and syntagmatically via prosodic prominence in German. In addition, we consider individual variability in the production of prominence. To answer our research questions, we collected controlled yet ecologically valid speech by applying an innovative recording paradigm. Participants were asked to perform an interactive reading task in collaboration with an interlocutor remotely via video calls. Results indicate that information status is encoded paradigmatically via the F0 contour, while syntagmatic effects are subtle and depend on the acoustic parameter used. Individual speakers differ primarily in their strength of encoding and secondarily in the type of parameters employed. While the paradigmatic effects we observe are in line with previous findings, our syntagmatic findings support two contradictory ideas, a balancing effect and a radiating effect. Along with the findings at the individual level, this study thus allows for new insights regarding the redundant and relational nature of prosodic prominence.
Psychosocial factors contributing to value creation in value-based healthcare: a scoping review
Authors: Marino Leda , Capone Vincenza
Published: April 2024

Background

Healthcare systems constantly evolve to improve care quality and resource utilization. One way is implementing Value-Based Healthcare (VBHC) an economic approach. This scoping review aims to identify and describe the literature on VBHC, particularly its psychosocial aspects, to uncover research gaps.

Method

The review followed the PRISMA guidelines for Scoping Reviews. We took the following 14 steps: (a) defining the research question; (b) identifying relevant studies; (c) selecting studies; (d) 15 mapping data; (e) collecting, synthesizing and reporting results. A detailed Boolean search was conducted from January 2021 to August 31, 2021, across APA PsycINFO and PubMed databases using keywords such as “Value-Based Healthcare” and “psychosocial perspective.” Initially, three reviewers screened 70 e-records independently, assessing titles, abstracts, and full-text against the inclusion criteria. Discrepancies regarding the evaluation of the articles were resolved through consensus sessions between the reviewers.

Results

The final review included 14 relevant e-records in English from peer-reviewed sources, focusing on quantitative and qualitative research. From the analysis, four areas emerged: (1) Value chains in Healthcare; (2) Styles, activities, and practices of value co-creation in Healthcare; (3) Value co-creation in the encounter process; (4) Value co-creation in preventive health services.

Conclusion

The scoping review findings suggest several potential key aspects, including the interdependence between patients and healthcare organizations, organizational culture in healthcare, and the role of patient-centered approaches that focus on relationships, communication, and social support in healthcare. This can be achieved through patient engagement, patient-centered care and communication, health literacy, psychosocial support services, comprehensive psychosocial assessments, care coordination, and continuity of care. Integrating psychosocial elements in VHBC enhances quality and optimizes resource use. Findings highlight the need to develop practical guidance on how to implement a culture of value in care that takes into account the psychosocial aspects that have emerged, but not fully addressed. The pandemic teaches that the workforce poorly receives sudden and unsystematic changes. This review could provide an initial basis for the redesign of value in healthcare and a paradigm shift that has already begun with patient-centered medicine and patient engagement.
Human olfactory neural progenitor cells reveal differences in IL-6, IL-8, thrombospondin-1, and MCP-1 in major depression disorder and borderline personality disorder
Authors: Davalos-Guzman Alan Patrick , Vegas-Rodriguez Francisco Javier , Ramirez-Rodriguez Gerardo Bernabe , Flores-Ramos Monica , Romero-Luevano Perla Vanessa , Gonzalez-Olvera Jorge Julio , Saracco-Alvarez Ricardo Arturo
Published: April 2024

Background

Discovering biological markers is essential for understanding and treating mental disorders. Despite the limitations of current non-invasive methods, neural progenitor cells from the olfactory epithelium (hNPCs-OE) have been emphasized as potential biomarker sources. This study measured soluble factors in these cells in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), and healthy controls (HC).

Methods

We assessed thirty-five participants divided into MDD (n=14), BPD (n=14), and HC (n=7). MDD was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. BPD was evaluated using the DSM-5 criteria and the Structured Clinical Interview for Personality Disorders. We isolated hNPCs-OE, collected intracellular proteins and conditioned medium, and quantified markers and soluble factors, including Interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and others. Analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test and linear regression.

Results

We found that hNPCs-OE of MDD and BPD decreased Sox2 and laminin receptor-67 kDa levels. MASH-1 decreased in BPD, while tubulin beta-III decreased in MDD compared to controls and BPD. Also, we found significant differences in IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and thrombospondin-1 levels between controls and MDD, or BPD, but not between MDD and BPD.

Conclusions

Altered protein markers are evident in the nhNPCs-OE in MDD and BPD patients. These cells also secrete higher concentrations of inflammatory cytokines than HC cells. The results suggest the potential utility of hNPCs-OE as an in vitro model for researching biological protein markers in psychiatric disorders. However, more extensive validation studies are needed to confirm their effectiveness and specificity in neuropsychiatric disorders.