bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovative Cases of TRIZ Application in the Automotive Industry
Authors: Zulhasni Abdul Rahim , Nooh Abu Bakar
Published: March 2015

It is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore that cost reduction in product system are not supporting the development of innovation. This contradiction becomes a great challenge for any type of industry, to improve the competitive level. In this research, the focuses on the mechanism of cost reduction using Design to Cost (DTC) strategy in achieving cost improvement and innovation. The contradiction is solved using Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) that is integrated into Design To Cost Innovation framework. There are two type of cases introduce in this research that highlight the application and the outcome of TRIZ in Design to Cost framework. From the case studies, the results show that the magnitude of cost improvement and innovation achieved is more than the application of conventional tools in Design to Cost strategy. These change the limitation of mindset in cost reduction without compromise or trade-off, and open up new possibility of research for cost reduction in processes and services for various.
An Expert System Based on a Hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision Making Method for Selection of Non-Conventional Machining Processes
Authors: Azaryoon Arash , Hamidon Musa , Radwan Ashraf
Published: March 2015

In this study, a knowledge-based system has been developed for selection of non-conventional machining processes using a hybrid multi-criteria decision making Method. This approach is a combination of DEMATEL (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory), ANP (Analytic Network Process) and VIKOR (VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje, in Serbian, meaning Multi-criteria Optimization and Compromise Solution) methods which evaluates different types of quantitative and qualitative measures of performance and economic factors, and ultimately provides a set of capable processes in order of priority. Twelve machining processes, eight group of workpiece material and eighteen shape features have been investigated in this study. What separates this approach from others is that, this hybrid method considers the influence of factors in the network relation map as well as their relative importance. Moreover, unlike other popular ranking methods such as TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution), it is not just based on two reference points, namely ideal and inferior points; instead, it proposes a compromise solution and not just a single ranking score. Observations have shown that the developed system works satisfactorily, yields acceptable results and makes accurate decisions as well. It also provides a comparative study among the alternative processes by utilizing graphical features for better analysis and judgment of acceptable alternatives.
Heat Combustion, Tensile Strength and Biodegradability of Recycled Polypropylene Modified Multifunctional Agent Composites in the Presence of Pineapple Leave Fiber and Bentonite
Authors: Suharty Neng Sri , Ismail Hanafi , Wibowo Fajar Rahman , Diharjo Kuncoro , Handayani Desi Suci , Firdaus Maulidan , Lathifah Lupi
Published: March 2015

Had been synthesized different composites from recycled polypropylene (rPP) using Pineapple leave Fiber (PaF), commercial Bentonite (comBen) and zinc borate (ZB). In the optimum formula with ratio rPP/PaF/comBen was 65/15/20 (w/w) and 5 % ZB of different composites are measured their flame retardancy, tensile strength (TS) and biodegradability. This new rPP/PaF/comBen/ZB composites materials have heat combustion (Hg), tensile strength (TS) and biodegradability better than the starting materials. The Hg of rPP/PaF/comBen/ZB decreased to 28%. The TS of rPP/PaF/comBen/ZB according to ASTM D 638 arised to 83%. The biodegradability of rPP/PaF/comBen/ZB in burial test arised to 15.7%.
The Proposal of Methodology for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Alarm Systems
Authors: Valouch Jan
Published: March 2015

Designing of alarm systems represents a set of creative technical activities, which include system design, preparation of project documentation and installation of systems. The proposal of alarm systems is based on the system and technical requirements, which are intended series of branch technical standards. These standards, however, does not solve the problems of evaluating the effectiveness of alarm systems. The aim of this paper is the presentation of the proposal aggregated coefficients, as a basic starting point for evaluating the effectiveness of alarm systems. The effectiveness of alarm systems can be evaluated based on several factors. The first factor is the basic technical level of alarm system. The second factor is the method of application of the alarm system in an object. Other factors may include, for example quality of project, quality of installation or maintenance procedures and services.
Grain Size Dependence of Tensile Properties in Cu-Sn Thin Foils (Experimental Study)
Authors: Jung Taek Kyun , Lee Hyo Soo , Kwon Hyouk Chon
Published: March 2015

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of grain size on mechanical properties in Cu-Sn foil with a thickness of 30 um. The grain size was varied from approximately 7 um to 50 um using heat treatment at 773 K for 2 h to 24 h in a vacuum atmosphere. Tensile test was carried out at room temperature with strain rate of 1mm/min. Typical yield drop phenomenon was observed. Mechanical properties were found to be strongly affected by microstructural features including grain size. The yield strength and tensile strength gradually decreased with increasing the grain size. The strain to fracture also decreased by grain growth. These results could be explained by not only the grain size dependence of yield strength but also the ratio of thickness to grain size dependence of yield strength.
Failure Analysis of Cable Based Parallel Manipulators
Authors: Ghaffar Asim , Hassan Mahir
Published: March 2015

In this study, the effect of a cable failure on the performance of the manipulator is investigated. The post failure trajectory and cable tensions after failure are analysed and ship position optimization is conducted in order to minimize the cable tensions after failure. The optimization is demonstrated with six, eight and ten ships in a cable based parallel manipulator (CPM). The performance of the system after failure is improved with higher number of cables in a CPM.
Combined Criterion for Ship Position Optimization in Cable Based Parallel Manipulators
Authors: Ghaffar Asim , Hassan Mahir
Published: March 2015

In this study, ship position optimization is conducted on a cable-driven parallel manipulator (CPM) operating inside deep sea. The workspace and stiffness of the manipulator is analysed as well as cable tensions after failure are reported and a combined criterion of ship position optimization has been established. Based on the criterion, the CPM will have maximum workspace and stiffness as well as minimum cable tensions in case of a failure. The optimization is demonstrated with six, eight and ten ships CPMs. The performance of the system is improved with higher number of cables in a CPM.
Naturally Twisted Layered Anisotropic Rod Made of Reinforced Materials Research
Authors: Nurimbetov Alibek , Bekbayev Amangeldy , Orynbayev Seitzhan , Dzhamanbayev Muratkali , Keikimanova Meruyert
Published: March 2015

In this paper, we consider the deformation of multilayer bars in torsion and tension. Thus, in the analyzed strength calculations rod having a rectangular cross section of the composite material. Namely, the choice of the structure of the material, satisfy the specifications of the rod in terms of stress-strain state in a torsion-bending coherence taking into account features of the composite materials.
On the example with a layered core, being under the influence of centrifugal forces shows the effect of shifts between the layers on the redistribution of normal and shear stresses in layers. Depending on the magnitude of the anisotropy coefficient of the material used, normal and shear stresses in the outer layers is increased by 2-5 times. Comparison of these values ​​with limit stress for these layers allows you to select how the reinforcement of these layers. Collection of data about the influence of the stiffness of the individual layers by an angle promotion rod and durability allow the optimal folding of the reinforcing layers and the type of reinforcement and matrix.
Rough Soft-EHL with Non-Newtonian Lubricant
Authors: Jesda Panichakorn , Khanittha Wongseedakeaw
Published: March 2015

This paper presents the effect of surface roughness on soft elastohydrodynamic lubrication in circular contact with non-Newtonian lubricant. The time independent modified Reynolds equation, elastic equation and lubricant viscosity equation were formulated for compressible fluid. Perturbation method, Newton-Raphson method, finite different method and full adaptive multigrid method were implemented to obtain the film pressure, film thickness profiles and friction coefficient in the contact region at various the amplitude of surface roughness, surface speed of sphere, modulus of elasticity and radius of sphere. The simulation results showed that the film thickness in contact region depended on the profile of surface roughness. The minimum film thickness decreased but maximum film pressure and friction coefficient increase when the amplitude of surface roughness and modulus of elasticity increased. For increasing surface speeds, the minimum film thickness and friction coefficient increase but maximum film pressure decreases. When radius of sphere increases, the minimum film thickness increases but maximum film pressure and friction coefficient decrease.
Potential Energy Curves and Spectroscopic Properties of C-2 Studied by Configuration Interaction Method
Authors: Shi Wei Xin , Wu Fei Long , Li Chuan Liang , Wang Qing Shi , Wei Ji Lin
Published: March 2015

Using multi reference configuration interaction (MRCI) method, with aug-cc-pV5Z, aug-cc-pv6z, aug-cc-pcv5z, aug-cc-pcv6z basis sets etc., the single point energy of the ground state and the first excited state and second excited state of C-2are calculated. Then LEVEL program is used to fit out the spectroscopic constants of three states. Results obtained by MRCI/aug-cc-pcv5z-dk method are close to the experimental values.
Solar Cells of the Inorganic Materials based on PbSe/CdSe Core/Shell Nanocrystals
Authors: Wang Tong Yu , Wang Peng , Wang He Lin , Zhang Tie Qiang
Published: March 2015

This essay employed the "successive ion layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR)"technology to form PbSe/CdSe core/shell.We use the Pbse/CdSe core/shell replaced PbSe nanocrystals and obtained one new quantum dot solar cells of the inorganic.This new solar cells constituted by the metal oxide films retain the photoelectric conversion efficiency of quantum dot solar cells.At the same time,the stability of the new solar cells is tremendously improved with the oxidation resistance of inorganic oxide.Finally,when Jsc=25.2mA/cm2and Voc=0.36V ,we can conclude the conversion efficiency of the solar cell can be evaluated as 3.929%.
Analysis of Energy Saving Design of Solar Building - Take Tongji University Solar Decathlon Works for Example
Authors: Qian Feng
Published: March 2015

From 2010 to 2012, Tongji University has constructed three solar houses to take part in Solar Decathlon and gained International prize for three years. This paper analyzed the architectural style and energy utilization of “Bamboo House”, “Y container”, “Eco-House”. And then described original ecology and energy-saving technology applied in these solar houses. Authors have provided some beneficial advises in material collection, hydroelectricity, natural ventilation, and effective energy utilization. The considerable development trend of solar building has inspired architects to pursue “Zero Energy” solar energy technology.
Energy Retrofit of Historical Buildings Based on Windowed Elements
Authors: Guattari Claudia , Battista Gabriele , Evangelisti Luca , Fanchiotti Aldo , Santarpia Luciano
Published: March 2015

The study of the building energy performance is based on simplified procedures that estimates the energy demand using monthly values of environmental parameters. It is well known that it is possible to use advanced dynamic softwares able to analyze the real building’s behavior along time. For this reason in this study a historical building energy retrofit has been performed through a dynamic software considering the influence of different kind of windowed elements on the annual energy demand. Four simulations, taking into account transparent elements characterized by progressively improved properties of thermal transmittance and solar gain factor, have been performed. The results obtained have been analyzed and compared.
Energy System Feasibility of a High Efficient Building
Authors: Battista Gabriele , Evangelisti Luca , Guattari Claudia , Fanchiotti Aldo , Santarpia Luciano
Published: March 2015

World population is steadily increasing and it is estimated to reach 9 billion in 2050. Moreover, 72% of people live in big cities and the buildings energy requirement is growing, reaching the 45% of the total energy amount.This paper presents of a building energy efficient properly designed to realize a solar-powered house that is cost-effective, energy-efficient, and attractive. The study applied a methodology which is able to identify the best building plant configuration under a technical, economical and environmental point of view. It has been demonstrated that the proposed plant allows to reduce the fossil fuels consumption compared to a plant conventionally employed, with a proportional reduction of the greenhouse gas emissions of about 30% per year.
Extraction of Forms and Materials from Typical Hakkas Circular Earth Building and Researches Nn the Pattern Language of Hakkas Landscape
Authors: Huang Hui , Gao Ruo Fei
Published: March 2015

This paper takes typical Hakkas circular earth buildings as research object. Based on field survey and literature survey, the authors have extracted the surroundings, architectural forms, and material language of typical circular earth building. And, incorporated with present landscape language, they have come up with the pattern language of modern Hakkas landscape for further directing of the related designs.
A Novel Island Partitioning Strategy of Multi-Microgrids Based on Voltage Stability Margin
Authors: Lei Zheng Xin , Wei Lei , Zhao Xin Jian
Published: March 2015

In order to relieve the problem that too much pollution is released by traditional power supplies, recycled energy is introduced around the world and is used in the form of distributed sources and organized in the structure of microgrids. When a fault happens in the main grid, the microgrid should detach from it to keep its own normal functioning. And island partition is required to keep microgrids working stable.In this study, we propose a new island partitioning strategy which is based on voltage stability margin. To make comparison, another island partitioning strategy based on electrical distance is introduced. We also present a case on the basis of CIGRE network to compare the outcomes by two strategies. Results show the strength of the proposed strategy.
Analysis of Grid Code Technical Requirements for Wind Farms Connected to the Grid in Penghu Island
Authors: Tsai Shao Hong , Wu Yuan Kang , Lee Ching Yin , Tsai Wen Ta
Published: March 2015

Modern wind turbine technology has been a great improvement over the past couple decades, leading to large scale wind power penetration. The increasing penetration of wind power resulted in emphasizing the importance of reliable and secure operation of power systems, especially in a weak power system. In this paper, the main wind turbine control schemes, the wind penetration levels and wind farm dynamic behavior for grid code compliance were investigated in the Penghu wind power system, a weak isolated power system.
Study on the Terminal Testing Method of Distribution Automation System
Authors: Li Peng , Ding Kai , Shu Xin , Guo Gui Tong
Published: March 2015

In this paper, based on the requirements of distribution automation system (DAS), the testing method of performance index of remote terminal unit is studied. The standardized test method and testing process with automatic test is discussed. The paper also brings forward a set of feasible testing and evaluation method on the distribution automation terminal device to ensure the safe and stable running of power distribution automation terminal.
Developed of High Voltage Bushing with New Shielding Technology for High Voltage Switch Cabinet
Authors: Zhu Fu Yun , Lu Zhi Hui , Ni Hong Jun , Lv Shuai Shuai , Wang Xing Xing
Published: March 2015

TGZ10A-40.5 wall bushing of high voltage switch cabinet from one company was taken as applied research object. Reference the development process of high voltage cable shielding technology, three samples were designed and produced depending on different sets of the shield system. The result show that: surfaces processed by the way that the inner (aluminum cylinder) and the outer (metal mesh ring) shielding components were coated with a semi-conductive material, made little sense to improve the withstand voltage level and reduce the partial discharge; surface processed by the way that inner shield component (aluminum cylinder) was coated with semi-conductive material, the outer shield component (metal mesh ring) was not coated with semi-conductive material, was obviously influenced the improvement of the withstand voltage level and reduction of the partial discharge, compared with traditional technology, the average start voltage of corona increased 23.8%, the average value of partial discharge dropped 27.7%.
EDI Technology Application and Exploration in the Power Plant Boiler Feed Water Preparation Areas
Authors: Fu Yu Yun , Shi Jin Duo
Published: March 2015

EDI water treatment technology currently in power plant boiler feed water preparation systems more and more common. The main reason is due to the EDI water treatment technology has obvious advantages in terms of environmental protection. However, during operation to ensure that the equipment is running well and boiler water effluent quality to meet the requirements, but also the factors affecting the operation of enough attention. Through the analysis of the actual operation characteristics of EDI case of water treatment technology and application notes were simply described.
Flash Boiling Spray Simulation Based on Void Fraction and Superheat Controlling
Authors: Ding Hong Yuan , Deng Peng , Mao Xu Yao , Wu Chao
Published: March 2015

A new flash boiling spray model whose atomization criterion based on the void fraction and superheat while evaporation model based on the dual-zone method is established to simulate the flashing sprays. The model function is implemented in KIVA program. Flash boiling spray model predicts spray penetration and spray cone angle and its development trend, in good agreement with the experimental results. The model has a good capability in simulating flash sprays at low superheat conditions, which breakup is controlled by void fraction, as well as high superheat transition process. It can also predict flare flashing sprays to some extent at higher superheat conditions.
Heat Recovery and Burner Modification of an Industrial Tubular Furnace
Authors: Zhang Xi Lai , Yao Wei
Published: March 2015

The air preheater was installed on the furnace to decrease the exhaust gas temperature and heat the air to about 290°C. A radiant cylinder was added to the radiation section. Swirl flames were formed by adjusting the shape and the installation angles of the burner flame tubes. The radiation heat transfer was strengthened and the heat absorption was enhanced in the radiation section, while the temperature at the outlet of the furnace was decreased. Thus energy was saved by 16.7%.
Natural Convection of Nanofluids in Enclosures Heated Laterally and Underneath
Authors: Cianfrini Marta , de Lieto Vollaro Roberto , Grignaffini Stefano , Corcione Massimo
Published: March 2015

A two-phase mixture model is used to study natural convection in a square cavity filled with CuO+H2O nanofluids, in the hypothesis of temperature-dependent physical properties, assuming that Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis are the primary slip mechanisms between solid and liquid phases. The cavity is heated at one side and cooled at the opposite side, whereas the horizontal walls are assumed either both adiabatic, or the bottom heated and the top cooled. A computational code based on the SIMPLE-C algorithm is used to solve the system of the mass, momentum and energy transfer governing equations. It is found that, owing to the effects of the slip motion occurring between solid and liquid phases, the rate of heat transferred across the cavity by the nanofluid in the heating-from-below configuration is remarkably higher than that transferred by the pure base liquid. Moreover, in this particular configuration the addition of nanoparticles to the base liquid generates periodicity in heat transfer. Additionally, the heat transfer enhancement is discovered to increase as the imposed temperature difference is increased, showing a smooth maximum at an optimal particle loading.
Predictive Models for Evaluating Mobility Buses Thermal Performance
Authors: Evangelisti Luca , Battista Gabriele , Guattari Claudia , de Lieto Vollaro Roberto , Santarpia Luciano
Published: March 2015

Every day, in every city, many buses are moving, carrying a lot of citizens. During the year, especially during the summer, buses become uncomfortable places because of both environmental and internal conditions. Due to the rising of the mobility needs, time that people spend in vehicles has strongly grown. Moreover, also the thermal environment in urban buses changes greatly, in fact passengers onboard are exposed to local heating and/or cooling due to vertical temperature gradients, radiant asymmetry and local unexpected airflow. This study aims to optimize the energy performance of a bus envelope, identifying practical solutions. The analysis was carried out numerically, considering a hot day during July and passengers on board during the 24 hours per day.
Bio-Hydrogen Production through Anaerobic Microorganism Fermentation from Molasses Wastewater in a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
Authors: Qin Zhi , Cui Yong Yan , Zhang Chao Yu , Xie Bing
Published: March 2015

In order to treat the beet sugar factory wastewater and produce hydrogen, a low pH, ethanol-type fermentation process had happened in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with an effective volume of 9.6 L in this experiment. The results showed that after inoculation with activated sludge and operation at organic loading rate (OLR) of 9 kgCOD/m3·d, hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 8h, influent pH value of 6.5 and temperature of 35°C for 30 days, the CSTR achieved stable ethanol-type fermentation. During this period of stable operation, the reactor showed a stable COD removal efficiency of 19.2% and hydrogen production rate of 0.1L/gMLSS·d. Effluent pH ranged from 4.0 to 4.5. The total amount of ethanol and acetic acid was 1384 mg/L, accounted for 81% of the total liquid products, which can be attributed to ethanol-type fermentation. The experimental results showed that the CSTR system had good operation stability and microbial activity, which led to high substrate conversion rate and hydrogen production ability.
Study on the Predominant Bacteria from Storage of Liquid-Smoked Tilapia
Authors: Cai Qiu Xing , Li Lai Hao , Wu Yan Yan , Yang Xian Qing , Chen Sheng Jun , Dai Zi Ru
Published: March 2015

16SrDNA PCR-DGGE was used to reveal the dynamics of bacterial colony and identify the predominant bacteria in liquid-smoked tilapia during storage at 25°C. Total bacteria DNA was directly extracted from the tilapia fillets. By analysis of the community changes directly obtained from the DGGE profiles, the predominant bacteria were found to bePediococcus pentosaceus,Clostridium sp.andLactococcusgarvieae. Simultaneously, culture method was performed., 34 strains of 70 colonies were picked up from samples of day 4 storage period, then 6 strains were picked up at random and identified by extracting their 16SrDNA and sequencing, it’s proved that they were allLactococcus. So Two ways of identifying the predominant bacteria were almost consistent.
Transfer Characteristics of Cd in Paddy Soil-Rice System under Field Condition
Authors: Zhu Xiao Long , Gan Guo Juan , Zhou Hang , Liu Yan , Deng Xiao , Hou Hong Bo , Peng Pei Qin
Published: March 2015

It is important to control Cadmium (Cd) content in rice and ensure the grain security. The transfer characteristics of Cd in paddy soil-rice system between different soil types (red soil and purple soil) under field condition were researched to provide a theoretical basis for Cd environmental management in paddy. In this study, many rice plant samples and corresponding paddy soil samples were collected from fields around the industrial and mining area in central Hunan province in 2011 and 2012. The Cd concentration of samples was analyzed, and the degree of Cd contamination was evaluated. Moreover, the differences of enrichment factor and influencing factors in paddy soil-rice system between red soil and purple soil were discussed. The results revealed that paddy soils and brown rice in the survey area were serious contaminated by Cd. The Cd content and enrichment factor were arranged in the order of root> straw >chaff >brown rice. The Cd content and enrichment factor were in the order of red soil >purple soil. In addition, multivariate linear regression was analyzed and predictions models of Cd concentration of brown rice are based on different types of soil were worked out. It showed that total Cd of soil, organic matter and clay were the main factors that affecting the content of Cd in brown rice. In conclusion, the contamination characteristics, transfer disciplinarian and influencing factors of Cd in the soil-rice system are different between red soil and purple soil. So it needs to pay more attention to the characteristics of different soil parent material when making environmental management related to Cd contamination in soil-rice system.
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Research on Higher Heating Value Biomass Gas Gasifier
Authors: Zhu Mao Kui , Qing De Fan , Chen Ai Rui
Published: March 2015

With dry woody particles as fuel and air-steam as gasification agent, the higher heating value biomass gas gasifier used software to simulate the height position h of the steam from the entrance in the gasifier, the steam inlet flow rate Vs and the air inlet flow rate V0. These three parameters impact on the volume concentration of CO, H2 and CH4 and its gas calorific value were analyzed. The orthogonal test were used for design parameters h, Vs and V0, the optimization values of these three parameters were carried out, and test its volume concentration and gas calorific values. Numerical simulation and experimental results showed that when the height position h=180mm, air inlet flow rate V0=0.94m3/h, and steam inlet flow rate Vs=1.30m3/h, the combustion of biomass gas calorific value arrives its top, the value is Q=10.98MJ/m3, which is 114.87% higher than when single gas agent is used.
Understanding of Water Sorption Mechanism in Cellulose-Water System: The Perspective of NMR
Authors: Xie Yun Huan , Xue Zhen Hua
Published: March 2015

Water under the fibre saturation point affects many aspects of the performance of the cellulose. Therefore an understanding of the interaction of water with cellulose is essential for the interpretation and prediction of cellulose response. Because of the complicated structure and the different possibilities of the hydrogen-bonds formation, the mechanism of water sorption in water-cellulose system has been studied by different techniques. This paper gave an outline of the structure of cellulose, also an overview of the researches of the mechanism of cellulose-water interaction using nuclear magnetic resonance. Further observations were made aiming at having a deeper understanding of the water-cellulose system.
Formation Mechanism and Evolution Process of Typical Landslide in Eastern Menyuan Basin
Authors: Zhang Yu Xin , Lu Yu Dong , Li Mao Shan , Jia Songm Min , Zhang Rong , Li Xin , Pan Yi Hua , Lu Su Fen , Yang Ya Hui
Published: March 2015

This article, according to engineering geological exploration and mapping data of landslides, describes the characteristics of the typical landslide in eastern Menyuan Basin, including the main landslide body, the surface of rupture and the base of the landslide. And then, through applying GEO-SLOPE finite element software, the evolvement process is analyzed by simulating the formation of dynamics mechanism.
Risk Analysis of Ecological Environment Healthy
Authors: Qin Xiao Nan , Shan Feng Ping , Wu Chun You , Lu Xiao Li
Published: March 2015

The risk analysis of ecological environment healthy is limited by multi-factors, high dimensional data, small samples and incomplete information. This paper develops a method of risk analysis model of ecological environment, which is combined with the combination with projection pursuit method and the information diffusion theory. This model spreads the risk information of the actual observation data to the properties of the risk threshold in order to explore the nonlinear relationship between them and calculates the risk probability of the whole ecological environment. This paper takes 35 cities as study objects, evaluates the risk grade of ecological environment of each city and estimates the comprehensive risk probability of ecological environment healthy in China. The research result shows: most of those cities are in the "less safety" risk grade and "unsafety" risk grade. And the whole ecological environment healthy is in high-risk and shows the unstable condition.
The Research of Accident Emergency Ability Evaluation of Construction Enterprise
Authors: Zhao Zhe Sheng , Shao Bi Lin
Published: March 2015

In view of the current situation that lacking of the guidance method on evaluation emergency ability for construction enterprises,This article uses the extension matter-element model to evaluate construction enterprise accident emergency ability. According to the time node characteristics of accident emergency ability,Using AHP for constructing the evaluation index system of accident emergency abilities of construction enterprises and determining the weight coefficient of each index ,Using extension theory to establish the evaluation model of construction enterprise emergency ability,and taking an example conducted evaluation and determined the accident emergency ability grade.
Distribution Characteristics of Soil Organic Carbon in Estuarine Wetland of Qingdao Dagu River
Authors: Kong Fan Long , Xi Min , Li Yue , Zhang Wen Hao , Liu Yang
Published: March 2015

Distribution characteristics of content of soil organic carbon in wetland were studied by the analysis of four soil samples from areas, which were at different depths of soil, collected in the Dagu River estuary of Qingdao during summer of 2014. The result showed that the content of soil organic carbon in coastal wetland of Jiaozhou bay had an overall downward trend with the increase of soil depth. Because of the influence of hydro-salinity environment and tidal action, in regions near the sea, the content of soil organic carbon was less than its counterpart in regions away from the ocean.
Pollution Characteristic of VOCs during Straw Burning Period in Chengdu, China
Authors: Yin Hong Ling , Yuan Hua Wei , Hu Zhuang , Liang Jin Feng , Li Shi Ping
Published: March 2015

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were analyzed in straw burning period and non-straw burning period in the center of Chengdu city. The results showed that the concentrations of TVOC during straw burning were significantly higher than that in the non-straw burning period in Chengdu. The main components were alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons and esters in straw burning period while aromatic hydrocarbons, alkanes, esters, aldehydes and ketones as the main contents in the period of non-straw burning. The correlation of TVOC, SO2, NO2, PM10, PM2.5, CO, O3 and the API index was discussed and the NOX-sensitive of photochemical reaction type was determined by the ratio of TVOC / NO2 during straw burning period.
Pollution Status and Trend Analysis of the Main Atmospheric Pollutants in Five National Central Cities in China
Authors: Zhang Fan , Li Gui Xian
Published: March 2015

Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Chongqing are the five national central cities in China. Base on the method of Spearman rank correlation, concentrations of the main atmospheric pollutans declined generally from 2002 to 2013 in the five cities and the decreasing trends of SO2were more significant than those of NO2, probably due to the wide use of desulfurization and increasing number of vehicles. However, the air pollution was still serious in 2013 and the contamination caused by atmospheric particulate matter was prominent. Transformations between gaseous pollutants (including SO2and NO2) and PM10were observed and different among the cities. The variations of PM10were closely related to SO2in Shanghai and NO2in Tianjin, respectively. While in other three cities, both of SO2and NO2probably contributed to the formation of PM10.
Study on High Efficient Snow-Dissolving Agent with Coloration Function
Authors: Wang Shuai , Yang Yang , Li Ming , Shan De Chen , Zhou Mi
Published: March 2015

In this study, a high-efficient snow-dissolving agent with coloration function was made, the main raw material was calcium chloride (CaCl2).The advantage of this agent was that we could control the spreading dosage according to the color change. The optimal proportion of the raw materials was obtained through experiment. The experimental results show: the ice melting amount of homemade snow-dissolving agent increased with time ; homemade snow-dissolving agent had the best effect on snow melting compared with CaCl2,NaCl and commercial snow-dissolving agent.
Styrene Removal from Polluted Air in Biotrickling Filter with Pyrocarbon-Sawdust and Ceramic-Raschig-Rings-Sawdust Packings
Authors: Ren Ai Ling , Lv Xi , Guo Bin , He Huan Huan , Zhang Jin
Published: March 2015

In this paper, a mixed microbial population biotrickling filter (BTF) was investigated for styrene removal with two different packings at different empty bed residence times and gas-liquid ratio(GLR). The two biotrickling filters inoculated with a Pyrocarbon-sawdust and ceramic-raschig-rings-sawdust mixed packings were filled respectively in two identical laboratory-scale biotrickling filters which were operated in parallel. The results showed that the BTF filling with pyrocarbon-sawdust packings had higher rate of bio-film formation and removal efficiency of styrene than that of ceramic-raschig-rings-sawdust packings. When an inlet gas concentration of 50 to 450 mg/m³, an Empty Bed Residence Time (EBRT) of 21.6 to 43.2 s, and a gas-liquid ratio (GLR) of 110.7 to 55.3, a maximum styrene removal load is up to 153.1 g/(m³·h). During shock-load experiments with shutdown, the styrene removal efficiency of the BTF could gradually reach 92 % to 100 % by 14 h.
Biogenic Jarosite: A Friendly Adsorbent for the Removal of Chromate from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Xiao Dong Xue , Fang Chang Ling , Zhou Jun , Lou Xiao Yi , Xiao Jiu Hua , Liu Jian She
Published: March 2015

Ferric hydrosulfate minerals are commonly byproducts of biotic oxidation of Fe (II) in acid mine drainage and biohydrometallurgy like biogenic jarosite. In this study, adsorption of Cr (VI) on jarosite was a rapid process and the optimum pH for Cr (VI) adsorption was found at 7.0. The variation of Cr (VI) adsorbed on jarosite fitted the Langmuir adsorption isotherm models and the maximum adsorption capacity was 3.23 mg/g. It was evident that anion exchange mechanism was responsible for Cr (VI) adsorption on jarosite based on the sulfate leaching data and optimum pH experiments.
Effect of Soil Water Content on the Removal of Volatile Chlorinated Hydrocarbons from Soil by Mechanical Soil Aeration
Authors: Ma Yan , Du Xiao Ming , Shi Yi , Wang Zhi Fen , Wang Shi Jie , Xu Zhu , Li Fa Sheng
Published: March 2015

Mechanical soil aeration is an easy, effective, and low-cost soil remediation technology; in particular, it is suitable for large sites contaminated by volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons (VCHs). Mechanical soil aeration encourages the volatilization of soil contaminants, but soil moisture, which reduces the amount of open pores, may hinder this process. The present study examined the remediation of silty soil containing 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA), chloroform (TCM), trichloroethylene (TCE), and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) using mechanical soil aeration and evaluated the influence of soil water content on the efficiency of the process. For artificially contaminated soil, the following conclusions were reached: (i) moisture undermines the volatilization of contaminants. When the soil water content increased from 5% to 20%, the residual concentrations of 1,2-DCA, TCM, TCE, and PCE in the soil increased from 0.08, 0.10, 0.09, and 0.48 mg/kg to 1.43, 0.81, 1.16, and 1.43 mg/kg, respectively. The effective diffusion coefficients also decreased from 1.88×10-2, 1.43×10-2, 1.88×10-2, and 1.30×10-2 cm2/s to 1.71×10-6, 1.30×10-6, 1.71×10-6, and 1.18×10-6 cm2/s, respectively. (ii) Residual contaminants are related to the octanol-water partition coefficient. The soil-water distribution coefficient of PCE was highest among the hydrocarbons (3.72), and the residual contaminants were mainly adsorbed on soil particles. The soil-water distribution coefficient of DCA was lowest (0.42), and the residual contaminants were mainly dissolved in the soil water.
Study of NOx Inhibition Technology Based on Water-Gas Reaction
Authors: Wu Tian Hua , Qian Ren Zhang
Published: March 2015

Pulverized coal combustion is one of the main NOx emission sources. The existing low NOx combustion technology can not meet the requirements of environment conservation. In this paper, a new low NOx combustion technology, the NOx inhibition method based on water-gas reaction, is presented, in which steam is injected into the anoxic flame of pulverized coal to bring water-gas reaction and produce CO and H2 which will inhibit the production of NOx. The produced H2 is especially very active. Water-gas reaction is endothermic, which has an effect of reducing the peak temperature of the flame and is very propitious to the inhibition of thermal type NOx. As the water-gas reaction is also an interim process, the heat absorbed in it will be released when burning with oxygen so that the whole amount of heat inside the furnace is not affected. The principle of the method is proved correct by experiments and industrial scale of 420 t/h boiler tests in which the effect of NOx reduction is obvious. The technology is consistent with that of air-staged combustion.
Techniques of Building Monolithic Moving that Avoiding Building Rubbish
Authors: Zhang Hua Ying , Pan Rui Song
Published: March 2015

In large-scale urban adaptation and real estate development process, some protective cultural relic buildings and modern excellent architecture face the reality of being demolished, that will produce a large number of construction rubbish, pollute the environment , at the same time, cause a large number of resources waste. In this paper, the application of monolithic moving technique of building is introduced, which can not only save nature resources, but also maximum reduce pollution to the environment.
Study of Lipids Composition in the Rice Straw
Authors: Zemnukhova Ludmila A. , Isai Svetlana V. , Busarova Natalya G. , Arefieva Olga D.
Published: March 2015

There was studied the composition and the fatty acid content of the lipid fraction obtained by extraction the rice straw cultivar Lugovoi (Oryzasativa L.) by ethanol and chloroform solution in a 2:1 ration. It was found that the yield of lipids from the straw was ~ 9% from the weight of the dry sample. The main components of the lipid fraction are palmitic and oleic acids. The comparative analysis showed that the yield of fatty acids and their composition depends on the plant species and the type of feedstock.
Study on Treatment of Wastewater with High-Concentration Sulfate by IC Anaerobic Reactor
Authors: Li Ming , Wang Shuai , Shan De Chen , Wei Li , Yin Wen Jia
Published: March 2015

In this study, IC anaerobic reactor was made to deal with the wastewater with high-concentration sulfate, the sludge from sewage treatment plant was put into two cells of IC reactor to domesticate sulfur-reducing bacteria (SRB), artificial water was made to simulate the wastewater with high-concentration SO42−. In order to remove the SO42− efficiently, two stages were designed in this study: sludge domestication stage and concentration strengthening stage. In sludge domestication stage, SRB could grow normally, the removal rate of SO42− was between 34.14% and 36.2%;in concentration strengthening stage, removal rate of SO42− was between 26% and 26.86%,demonstrating that SRB could grow and remove SO42− in such high-concentration SO42−( 38000 mg/L ) wastewater.
Research on the Correlation between Biodiesel's Composition and Physical & Chemical Properties
Authors: Yang Dong Bo , Meng Xing Kai , Zhang Xia , Tian Jing Jing
Published: March 2015

Biodiesel's composition has a significant effect on biodiesel’s main physical and chemical properties. Through the test and analysis of the composition and the physical & chemical properties of 5 types of biodiesel, this paper uses linear regression model and least square method to conduct a research on the correlation between biodiesel's physical and chemical properties such as density, cold filter plugging point (CFPP), cetane number and kinematic viscosity, biodiesel's FAME content and the number of double bonds in its UFAME, and establishes correlation functions for relevant indexes, providing a theoretical basis for rapid test of biodiesel’s physico-chemical performance index.
Application of Reverse Osmosis Membrane in Wastewater Treatmente
Authors: Sun Xiao Ming , Liu Jing Yang , Qiao Qi , Zhang Yue , Zhang Na , Meng Li Hong
Published: March 2015

Reverse osmosis membrane is usually used to desalination. With the development of membrane materials and technology, the performance of reverse osmosis membrane is improved continuously, and the interception rate of organic matter is higher, the separation rate of the organic matter is obviously improved. The research progress and application status of separating organics in aqueous solution by reverse osmosis membrane is presented in this paper. The future research direction and application of reverse osmosis membrane for separating organics from aqueous solution were also analyzed and prospected.
Rural Drinking Water Disinfection Technology and Research Progress of Application
Authors: An Ran , Liu Ming Da , Li Jun Xing , Liu Xiao Wei , Yang Dan
Published: March 2015

With the living standards improvement of rural residents, people pay more attention to the safety of drinking water in China. As the final step in drinking water treatment, disinfection technology has received much attention. At present, drinking water disinfection process is mainly involved in chlorine disinfection, chlorine dioxide disinfection, chloramine disinfection, disinfection of potassium permanganate, ozone disinfection and ultraviolet disinfection. However, due to limitations in rural economic conditions and management level, only ozone disinfection and ultraviolet disinfection are suitable for rural areas in China. This paper described some of the application problems and limitations in drinking water disinfection process, as well as the select principle in rural areas. The principle, research status, trends and issues in application of ozone and ultraviolet disinfection technology were emphatically introduced. Finally, the development of drinking water disinfection technologies was discussed.
River Water Quality Risk Assessment Using Grey Correlation in Baoji Weihe River of China
Authors: Liu Yin Ge , Yang Yi Xuan , Wang Lin Gang
Published: March 2015

Based on the grey theory, a grey correlation evaluation model (GCEM) was built for risk assessment of river water quality. Five pollutants are used for risk assessment indicators, while the risk class was determined by the maximum principle. The results indicate that the water quality risk is higher in Baoji Weihe River of China. Potassium permanganate index risk is the maximum and the second is BOD5. The comparison with other methods confirmed that evaluation of GCEM is agreement with the actual condition. Moreover, this method is simple and solid for water risk evaluation and would be used for rive water environmental administration.
Analysis on the Technological Advantages of Domestic Seawater
Authors: Wang Shu Xun , Miao Ying Xia , Hao Jian An , Wang Jing , Zhang Yu Shan
Published: March 2015

The principle of domestic seawater technology is to replace fresh water by seawater. This paper introduces the features and demonstration scale of domestic seawater technology. Considering the successful seawater toilet-flushing in Hong Kong, comparison and economic analysis on the cases of seawater, recycled water and tap water are done. The result shows domestic seawater technology is an economical and efficient water saving technology.
Demand Analysis and Technical Framework of Water Ecological Civilization Construction in Shandong Province
Authors: Fan Ming Yuan , Shi Yu Zhi , Liu Hai Jiao , Yang Xiao Feng
Published: March 2015

Shandong province is famous for large population, agriculture dominated and economy developed region in China, which has a shortage of local water resources caused by uneven rainfall distribution and confronts the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources, ecological fragile and serious water environment deterioration problem, therefore, it has a large challenge for water ecological civilization construction. On the one hand, this article analyzes demand of ecological civilization construction in Shandong province from four aspects of water transferring, water conservation, water supplement and water purification, on the other hand, establishes the corresponding technical system and actual relevant guarantee measures.
Experimental Testing for Evaluating the Influence of Substrate Thickness on the Sub-Surface Runoff of a Green Roof
Authors: Carbone Marco , Nigro Gennaro , Garofalo Giuseppina , Piro Patrizia
Published: March 2015

Green roofs (GRs) represent one of the most widespread Low Impact Development (LID) techniques, although the lack of adequate modeling tools is a limiting factor in the diffusion of such practices. GRs may represent a solution for minimizing the impact of urbanization on the hydrological cycle and for sustainably managing water resources in urban environment. Several studies have shown that GRs effectively control surface runoff in urban drainage system reducing overall volumes and peak flow rates. The performance of a GR is strongly dependent upon substrate soil depth. The understanding of infiltration phenomena in soil medium is one of the most important factors in the LID’s hydrological behavior analysis. In this study the hydrologic/hydraulic behavior of a GR for varying substrate thicknesses and constant rainfall intensities, ranging from 45 to 130 mm/h is tested. The results show that sub-surface runoff is linearly influenced by substrate thickness.