bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Scalable, Multi-Core, Multi-Function, Integrated CMOS/Memristor Sensor Interface for Neural Sensing Applications
Authors: Reynolds Grahame , Jiang Xiongfei , Wang Shiwei , Serb Alex , Stathopolous Spyros , Prodromakis Themis
Published: December 2024

This paper presents the architecture, design, and testing results of a scalable, multi-core, multi-function sensor interface, integrating CMOS technology and memristor elements for efficient neuromorphic and bio-inspired analysis. The architecture leverages the high-density and non-volatile properties of memristors to support different analysis functions. Each processing core is equipped with hybrid CMOS/memristor arrays, enabling real-time parallel acquisition and analysis, and each can be configured independently. The system facilitates communication between cores and is fully scalable. The first implementation supports 16 input channels, storing 256 neural signal samples, and the second implementation supports 576 input channels, storing 9k neural signal samples.
Electromagnetic Interference from Solar Photovoltaic Systems: A Review
Authors: Kane Makarand M. , Taylor Nathaniel , Månsson Daniel
Published: December 2024

Rapid expansion of solar photovoltaic (PV) installations worldwide has increased the importance of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of PV components and systems. This has been highlighted by interference reported from PV installations (PVI) in the Netherlands, the United States, Sweden, etc. Significant research and development efforts are seen in the domain of enhancing efficiency and economic viability of PVI, whereas the EMC aspects have received less attention and are mainly focused on the PV system acting as a victim of lightning and a victim of changing grid impedance. This article presents a review of the important EMC aspects of PVI as a disturbance source. It has the following main parts: (a) reported cases of emissions and interference from PV installations; (b) modeling and analysis of PV subcomponents from an EMC perspective; and (c) the main standards related to the topic. Mitigation techniques for improving EMC aspects of PVI are also described, along with suggested directions for future research. The compilation brings together wide-ranging sources, both for EMC engineers who want to understand the EMC context of PV systems and for PV system designers seeking to improve EMC performance.
A Channel Measurement-Based Listen-Before-Talk Algorithm for LTE-LAA and WLAN Coexistence
Authors: Kim Mun-Suk
Published: December 2024

To support the coexistence of long-term evolution (LTE)-license-assisted access (LAA) and wireless local area network (WLAN) in unlicensed bands, the load-based listen-before-talk (LB-LBT) scheme has been developed, incorporating channel sensing and backoff functions similar to those used in WLAN. In the LB-LBT scheme, the contention window size and clear channel assessment (CCA) threshold of the LTE-LAA eNodeB (eNB) significantly influences its transmission probability and the interference caused by concurrent WLAN transmissions outside the CCA range. However, most existing LB-LBT schemes use fixed contention window sizes and CCA thresholds, irrespective of the channel congestion status. To address this limitation, in this paper, we propose a channel measurement-based LBT (CM-LBT) scheme to enhance overall system throughput while ensuring fairness between LTE-LAA and WLAN systems. Our proposed CM-LBT scheme adaptively adjusts the contention window size and CCA threshold of LTE-LAA eNB in the LB-LBT scheme, according to the current channel access activities of LTE-LAA and WLAN systems. Through simulations, we evaluate the performance of our proposed CM-LBT scheme against existing LBT schemes by assessing the throughput of LTE-LAA and WLAN systems, as well as the fairness between them, using a reward function.
Vibroacoustic Study of a Miniature Jet Engine Under Blade-Casing Rubbing Condition
Authors: Cywka Bartłomiej , Prokopowicz Wojciech , Ciupek Bartosz , Szymański Grzegorz M. , Mokrzan Daniel , Frąckowiak Andrzej
Published: December 2024

Turbine engines are currently one of the most important and expensive aircraft components. Both for economic and safety reasons, high engine reliability is required. Therefore, sophisticated methods are needed to determine their current condition. Diagnostics of turbine engines allow for the detection of faults before they lead to damage. The article presents methods and results of vibroacoustic diagnostics of a miniature GTM400 jet engine adapted to kerosene and hydrogen fuel supply. During thermal and vibroacoustic tests of engine parameters powered by hydrogen fuel supply, the engine seized up in the initial start-up phase due to improper control and rapid thermal changes in the gas line. The cause of the undesirable technical condition of the engine was a significantly higher temperature of gases (exhaust gases) affecting the working elements of the engine (turbine shaft, rotor, and blades), which consequently led to engine damage. This phenomenon and the results obtained from the unexpected technical condition constitute a valuable premise for considering the issue of proper operation of the turbojet engine during fuel changes, especially following current trends related to the decarbonization of the aviation sector. The obtained research results and the resulting observations and conclusions make it necessary to perform technical analyses and pre-implementation tests each time before allowing the use of a conventional engine if it undergoes the process of reconstruction in terms of using a new fuel (especially if its technical parameters are different from the originally used one). The presented method of conducting tests allows for a detailed determination of the causes of damage to the cooperating elements of the engine structure under the influence of changes in operating parameters.
Enhanced Ultra-Short-Term PV Forecasting Using Sky Imagers: Integrating MCR and Cloud Cover Estimation
Authors: Wu Weixiong , Gao Rui , Wu Peng , Yuan Chen , Xia Xiaoling , Liu Renfeng , Wang Yifei
Published: December 2024

Accurate photovoltaic (PV) power forecasting is crucial for stable grid integration, particularly under rapidly changing weather conditions. This study presents an ultra-short-term forecasting model that integrates sky imager data and meteorological radar data, achieving significant improvements in forecasting accuracy. By dynamically tracking cloud movement and estimating cloud coverage, the model enhances performance under both clear and cloudy conditions. Over an 8-day evaluation period, the average forecasting accuracy improved from 67.26% to 77.47% (+15%), with MSE reduced by 39.2% (from 481.5 to 292.6), R2 increased from 0.724 to 0.855, NSE improved from 0.725 to 0.851, and Theil’s U reduced from 0.42 to 0.32. Notable improvements were observed during abrupt weather transitions, particularly on 1 July and 3 July, where the combination of MCR and sky imager data demonstrated superior adaptability. This integrated approach provides a robust foundation for advancing ultra-short-term PV power forecasting.
A Grounding Current Prediction Method Based on Frequency-Enhanced Transformer
Authors: Zhang Na , Yang Gang , Fu Zilong , Hou Junsheng
Published: December 2024

Concerning the problem that the coupling relationship in substation scenarios is complex and the Transformer model makes it difficult to capture the correlation between multiple variables of grounding current, resulting in low accuracy of grounding current prediction, a ground current prediction method based on frequency-enhanced Transformer is proposed. Firstly, in the data preprocessing stage, the best frequency domain decomposition algorithm is designed to obtain the high-frequency and low-frequency component data containing different component features so as to enhance the initial features that the model focuses on. Secondly, the data slicing and embedding module is designed to replace the original embedding module of the Transformer to realize the enhanced extraction of local features of the data. Finally, in the feature extraction stage, an enhanced attention mechanism is introduced to replace the standard attention mechanism to capture the intrinsic features of the sequence time dimension and the variable dimension in parallel so as to improve the extraction ability of Transformer multivariate features. Experimental results on the self-built grounding current dataset and the public dataset show that the proposed method outperforms existing advanced methods, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Evaluation of Expanded Clay and Tuff as Lightweight Agents in Concrete Stabilized with Nopal Mucilage and Aloe Vera
Authors: Mendoza-Goden Daniel , Gallegos-Villela Rocio Rafaela , Flores-Becerra Pedro , Perez-Sanchez Josue Francisco , Suarez-Dominguez Edgardo Jonathan , Palacio-Perez Arturo
Published: December 2024

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the potential of lightweight concrete mixtures incorporating sustainable materials, such as nopal mucilage and aloe vera, to enhance thermal and structural performance while promoting eco-friendly construction practices. The objective is to analyze their effects on physical, mechanical, and thermal properties to optimize mixture design. Methods/Analysis: Six lightweight concrete mixtures were prepared using varying dosages of tuff, expanded clay, nopal mucilage, and aloe vera as lightweight and stabilizing agents. To assess their performance, a series of physical tests (bulk density, water absorption, and slump), mechanical tests (compressive strength), and thermal characterizations (conductivity, heat capacity, and resistivity) were conducted. Fractal analysis was employed to evaluate the structural complexity of the mixtures. Findings: The results revealed significant differences based on the materials used. Mixtures with aloe vera exhibited extreme water absorption (up to 11.472%) and varying consistency, from fluid (“spreads”) with tuff to workable with expanded clay. When combined with expanded clay, Nopal mucilage-based mixtures showed lower workability but higher compressive strengths (up to 11.447 MPa). Expanded clay increased bulk density and enhanced thermal efficiency, with mixtures incorporating aloe vera or nopal mucilage demonstrating high heat retention and structural complexity. The compressive strengths ranged from 7.343 MPa (aloe vera-tuff) to 12.207 MPa (water-tuff), highlighting the impact of stabilizing agents on mechanical performance. Novelty or Improvement: This study introduces a novel evaluation of lightweight concrete mixtures using nopal mucilage and aloe vera, focusing on their synergistic effects with lightweight aggregates such as tuff and expanded clay. The findings provide valuable insights into optimizing eco-friendly concrete mixtures with improved thermal retention, workability, and mechanical properties, offering a sustainable alternative for modern construction.
Identifying Circular City Indicators Based on Advanced Text Analytics: A Multi-Algorithmic Approach
Authors: Falah Nadia , Falah Navid , Marrero Madelyn , Solis-Guzman Jaime
Published: December 2024

Circular Economy (CE) and circular cities are recognized as essential approaches for achieving sustainability and fostering sustainable urban development. Given the diverse definitions and principles, multidimensional complexities, and lack of a comprehensive list of CE indicators, this study aims to propose an innovative method for identifying macro-level indicators to assess urban circularity. This methodology combines a systematic literature review (SLR) with advanced machine learning (ML) and natural language processing (NLP) techniques. A multi-algorithmic approach, incorporating BERT, TF-IDF, Word2Vec, graph-based and clustering models, is employed to extract a comprehensive set of indicators from reputable scientific articles and reports to compare frequency and similarly based on each model. The overlap and accuracy of results from these five methods are analyzed to produce a refined list of indicators with high precision and alignment with core CE principles. This curated collection serves as a valuable tool for policymakers, urban planners, and designers, enabling the prediction of future trends in urban circularity. Additionally, it provides guidance for research and practical projects at various scales, from buildings and neighborhoods to entire cities, facilitating a more precise assessment of sustainability and circularity in modern urban environments.
Rubber Intercropped with Coffea liberica Increases Carbon and Nitrogen Stocks in Soils in Xishuangbanna, China
Authors: Li Xinai , Ou Xiaokun , Chen Deyun , Wu Jianping
Published: December 2024

Intercropped systems are regarded as a promising strategy for generating multiple benefits to the ecosystems in the rubber-plantation zone. However, knowledge about the impacts of intercropped systems with rubber on carbon and nitrogen storage in soils and their affecting factors is limited. In this study, three rubber-based intercropped systems, including rubber intercropped with Theobroma cacao, Coffea liberica, and Camellia sinensis, as well as rubber monoculture, were selected in Xishuangbanna, a typical rubber plantation zone in China. We collected soil samples from 0–10, 10–20, and 20–40 cm depths to analyze soil bulk density (BD), soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total nitrogen (TN), pH, the ratio of carbon and nitrogen (C/N), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON). The results showed that rubber trees intercropped with C. liberica significantly increased the SOC and TN stocks of the 0–40 cm soil layer by 19.9% and 13.6%, respectively, compared to rubber monoculture. Soil properties usually had strong relationships with SOC and TN stocks. Our study demonstrated that rubber with the C. liberica intercropped system had greater potential for C and N sequestration in this tropical region.
Effects of Nitrogen Addition on Nematode Communities in Northeastern Chinese Forests
Authors: Yang Hongbin , Yan Guoyong , Xing Yajuan , Wang Qinggui
Published: December 2024

Nitrogen deposition has a significant impact on biodiversity and ecosystem functions. However, various mechanisms by which nitrogen deposition affects soil nematode communities in nitrogen-limited temperate forests remain unclear. We conducted long-term nitrogen deposition simulation experiments (including two treatments, control and 50 kg N ha⁻1 yr⁻1) in the Lesser Khingan Range, Greater Khingan Range, and Changbai Mountain, applying nitrogen fertilizer solutions to investigate the effects of long-term nitrogen addition on soil nematode communities in northeastern Chinese forests. Nitrogen addition significantly decreased the total abundance of soil nematodes in the Lesser Khingan Range, Greater Khingan Range, and Changbai Mountain by 20%, 23%, and 18%, respectively. Furthermore, nitrogen addition reduced the α-diversity of soil nematodes and altered the β-diversity indices. The nematode channel ratio increased significantly, while the relative abundance of bacterivores, such as Euteratocephalus, also rose. In contrast, the structure index of the soil nematode community decreased, whereas the basal index increased. These results suggest that nitrogen addition simplifies the soil nematode community structure, which may be an important factor contributing to the decline in ecosystem function. Therefore, we selected soil nematodes as the research subject to provide a scientific basis for the effective protection, sustainable management, and resource utilization of major forest ecosystems in northeastern China under the context of nitrogen deposition.
Forest Environmental Conditions Shape Carcass Mass but Not Antler Investment of Red Deer Stags (Cervus elaphus L.)—Study from Western European Populations
Authors: Skubis Jacek , Górecki Grzegorz , Pers-Kamczyc Emilia , Kamczyc Jacek
Published: December 2024

Population stability depends on environmental conditions and their changes, as well as the availability of energy resources. Animals allocate their energy to maintenance, growth, reproduction, and energy storage; therefore, trade-offs are expected between life history traits. Access to abundant resources is expected to manifest itself in the investment of male individuals in sexually selected traits, such as carcass mass and antler size. The study aimed to analyze environmental climate conditions on the carcass and antler mass, as well as on antler form in red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) populations. We analyzed the carcasses and the antler masses and forms of 550 red deer stags from three populations in Central–Western Europe that differ in climate conditions that were hunter-harvested between the 2017 and 2021 hunting seasons. Our data indicated that carcass mass was shaped by the location of the population, stag age, precipitation, and temperature, as well as the number of frost days from January to the harvest date. Antler mass and antler investment depended on stag age but not climatic factors. Regular antler forms were more often observed in the harsh environmental conditions. Our observation confirms that resource trade-off is related to carcass mass of red deer.
WebTrackingScore: A Combined Web Tracking Risk Score System for Websites
Authors: Guillén Cava Álvaro D. , Ruiz-Martínez Antonio
Published: December 2024

Privacy awareness has increased in recent years. In many countries, websites warn users about their use of cookies and Web browsers provide mechanisms to protect user privacy. However, it is not easy for users to understand tracking risks associated with browsing a given website. To address this, several privacy scanners have emerged to evaluate the privacy practices of websites. However, the scores these scanners provide are often limited to a small number of Web tracking indicators and are thus incomplete. To overcome this limitation, in this paper, we present WebTrackingScore, which provides users with a simple and intuitive indication of the privacy risk associated with visiting a website from a tracking perspective. Its design is based on an in-depth analysis of tracking mechanisms and the behaviour of some of the most frequently visited sites. Based on WebTrackingScore, we have analysed how the most popular websites are classified.
Akkermansia muciniphila: A Potential Target for the Prevention of Diabetes
Authors: He Kairu , An Feiyu , Zhang Henan , Yan Danli , Li Tong , Wu Junrui , Wu Rina
Published: December 2024

Akkermansia muciniphila, a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium colonizing the intestinal mucus layer, is regarded as a promising “next-generation probiotic”. There is mounting evidence that diabetes and its complications are associated with disorders of A. muciniphila abundance. Thus, A. muciniphil and its components, including the outer membrane protein Amuc_1100, A. muciniphila-derived extracellular vesicles (AmEVs), and the secreted proteins P9 and Amuc_1409, are systematically summarized with respect to mechanisms of action in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes treatments that rely on altering changes in A. muciniphila abundance are also reviewed, including the identification of A. muciniphila active ingredients, and dietary and pharmacological interventions for A. mucinihila abundance. The potential and challenges of using A. muciniphila are also highlighted, and it is anticipated that this work will serve as a reference for more in-depth studies on A. muciniphila and diabetes development, as well as the creation of new therapeutic targets by colleagues domestically and internationally.
Effect of Frying Temperatures and Times on the Quality and Flavors of Three Varieties of Lentinus edodes
Authors: Chen Yan , Wang Yaping , Guan Qinglin , Zhou Xiaoli
Published: December 2024

The effects of frying times (1, 2, 3, and 4 min) and temperatures (140, 160, 180, and 200 °C) were investigated on the nutritional components, color, texture, and volatile compounds of three Lentinula edodes varieties (808, 0912, and LM) from Guizhou, China. Increased frying time and temperature significantly reduced the moisture, polysaccharide, and protein contents, while increasing hardness and chewiness, and decreasing elasticity and extrusion resilience, negatively impacting overall quality. Optimal umami and sweet amino acid retention were achieved by frying at 160 °C frying for 1–3 min or 140–180 °C for 2 min. Nine volatile compounds were identified, with sulfur-containing compound levels decreasing and ketone, aldehyde, pyrazine, and other volatile compound levels increasing as frying progressed. At temperatures above 180 °C, variety 808 displayed a duller appearance, while variety LM experienced significant water and protein loss, making them unsuitable for frying under these conditions. Conversely, variety 0912 demonstrated superior characteristics, such as retaining higher levels of aspartic acid and sulfur-containing compounds, resulting in a sweeter taste. Overall, frying for 2–3 min at 160–180 °C can preserve high nutritional quality and taste and enhance flavor characteristics relatively well. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the deep processing and utilization of Lentinula edodes and for standardized industrial production.
Photoelectric Factor Characterization of a Mixed Carbonate and Siliciclastic System Using Machine-Learning Methods: Pennsylvanian Canyon and Strawn Reef Systems, Midland Basin, West Texas
Authors: Ogiesoba Osareni C. , Palacios Fritz C.
Published: December 2024

The photoelectric Factor (PEF) log is a powerful tool for distinguishing between siliciclastic and carbonate lithofacies in well-log analysis and 2D correlations. However, its application in complex reservoirs has some challenges due to well spacing. We present a workflow to extend its capabilities into a 3D environment to characterize the Pennsylvanian Strawn and Canyon reef complex in the Salt Creek field, Kent County, West Texas. The productive zones within this reservoir are composed of porous oolitic grainstones and skeletal packstones. However, there are some porous shale beds within the reef complex that are indistinguishable from the porous limestone zones on the neutron porosity log that have posed major challenges to hydrocarbon production. To address these problems, we used a machine-learning procedure involving multiattribute analysis and probabilistic neural network (PNN) to predict photoelectric factor (PEF) volume to characterize the reservoir and identify the shale beds. By combining neutron porosity, gamma ray, and the predicted PEF logs, we found that (1) these shale beds, hereby referred to as shale-influenced carbonates, are characterized by photoelectric factor values ranging from 4 to 4.26 B/E. (2) Based on the PEF values, the least porous interval is the Canyon System, having <1% porosity and characterized by PEF values of >4.78 B/E; while the most porous interval is the Strawn System, composed mostly of zones with porosity ranging from 3% to 28%, characterized by PEF values varying from 4.26 to 4.78 B/E.
Impairment of the Functional Status and Decrease in Albumin in Frail Older People After a COVID-19 Outbreak: A Descriptive Study in a Long-Term Care Facility in Chile
Authors: Castillo-Mariqueo Lidia , Lagos Alejandro Aedo , Giménez-Llort Lydia , Oyarzo Neftalí Guzmán
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Frailty is a common condition among older individuals and is associated with increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic further highlighted the impact of viral infections on frail populations. The present work aimed to determine frailty, functional and cognitive status, and clinical analysis of older persons in a long-term care facility in Chile, before and following the outbreak of COVID-19. Methods. A single-center, pre–post, and Pearson’s correlational study was conducted in a cohort of 20 persons positive for COVID-19 from a total of 45 residents. Data on demographic, clinical, functional (Barthel Index (BI) and Katz) and cognitive (Mini mental Examination) status, and physiological function (hematology, lipidic and biochemical profiles) were collected. Results. The mean age was 84 ± 2.4 years, and 80% were females. The most common comorbidities were Arterial Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus type II, and Alzheimer’s disease. Physical frailty was confirmed by body weight, body mass index, and calf circumference. Pre-infection, BI was negatively correlated with lipidic profile and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and positively with frailty (calf circumference). Pre–post analysis showed that frailty and most analytical results were not modified. However, functional dependence on daily live activities significantly increased as measured by BI, with worse grooming and bowel and bladder controls. Post-infection, correlations were lost except between BI and ESR, and decreased albumin levels were found. Conclusions. The worsening of specific functional limitations emphasizes the need for targeted interventions that can be correlated with ESR. Albumin appears as a potential biomarker for physiological dysfunction associated with their infectious/inflammatory processes.
The Classification and Language Description of Patients with Primary Progressive Aphasia Using the Mini Linguistic State Examination Test
Authors: Herrera Elena , Acevedo Claudia , González-Nosti María
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by a progressive deterioration in language and speech. It is classified into three variants based on symptom patterns: logopenic, semantic, and non-fluent. Due to the lack of fully reliable and valid screening tests for diagnosing PPA and its variants, a Spanish version of the Mini Linguistic State Examination (MLSE) has recently been introduced. Materials and methods. This study aimed to describe the language impairments in a small sample of six patients with PPA and classify them into the three variants using the decision tree and syndrome guide proposed by the MLSE authors. Results. The findings demonstrate the test’s utility in classifying some PPA variants through a qualitative analysis of patient performance and error types. The study revealed a 50% accuracy rate for the decision tree and an 83.33% accuracy rate when using the syndrome guide. Discussion. This discrepancy arises because the decision tree often classified cases as logopenic variant PPA (lvPPA) when working memory was significantly impaired. Specifically, it tended to misclassify patients with semantic, motor, or speech impairments as having lvPPA due to its reliance on the sentence repetition task for assessing working memory.
Hepatitis B Virus Knowledge and HBV-Related Surveillance Status Among HBsAg-Positive Patients in Qidong City: A Rural-Based Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Liu Hailiang , Hong Jing , Yan Zhaoxian , Li Mei , Zhai Xiaofeng , Pan Bo , Ling Changquan
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate hepatitis B knowledge and hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related surveillance status among HBsAg-positive patients, as well as to further explore the relevant influencing factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on the HBsAg-positive patients from 8 October 2023 to 10 November 2023 in Qidong City. A self-report questionnaire was developed based on a literature review of similar studies. Univariate analysis of variance, multivariate logistic regression, and t-test analysis were conducted to analyze the collected data. Results: Of the 982 respondents who completed the on-site questionnaire, all participants were HBsAg-positive patients. Moreover, 51.32% had “good” knowledge of HBV. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that participants with a doctor in the family, those with an average monthly income above CNY 3000, and those with an average monthly income of CNY 1500–3000 were more likely to obtain a “good” cognitive evaluation (p < 0.001). The scores of the populations using HBV-related surveillance methods were low (2.02 ± 0.87); 64.87% (637/982) of the populations monitored had a score of no more than 2. Conclusions: This study suggests that the awareness of HBV prevention and treatment among participants, especially those of low-income classes and individuals lacking physician clinical management, should be promoted to increase the dissemination of HBV knowledge.
Interactive Visualization Tools for Managing the Monitoring System of the Piazza del Duomo UNESCO Site in Pisa
Authors: Vignali Laura , Bartolini Giada , De Falco Anna , Gianfranceschi Lorenzo , Martino Massimiliano , Pucci Federica , Resta Carlo
Published: December 2024

Protecting cultural heritage buildings poses significant research challenges. Effective damage prevention hinges on a thorough understanding of structural behavior and the continuous monitoring of its changes over time. Advanced visualization tools are essential to provide adequate awareness of the monitoring systems installed over the years while guaranteeing a quick, basic analysis of their data. This paper addresses a crucial gap in structural health monitoring (SHM), particularly in managing complex structures and systems, by responding to the growing need for tools that not only represent 3D models enriched with heterogeneous data and metadata but also facilitate detailed analysis of sensor recordings. In response to this challenge, it proposes the integration of a 3D informational model and an interactive web-based platform for monitoring data, creating a comprehensive management tool. Piazza del Duomo UNESCO Site in Pisa serves as an ideal test case due to its historical significance, structural complexity, and the wealth of monitoring data collected over time. With their interactive architecture, the two developed integrated visualization tools that could offer an effective solution for data management and visualization in other heritage contexts, particularly in cases where the monitoring system consists of numerous sensors and has evolved substantially over the years.
High-Quality Citrus: Advances in Mastication Trait Research and Applications
Authors: Feng Guizhi , Guo Yingtian , Cai Zhenmei , Deng Chengyan , Lu Jinghua
Published: December 2024

The mastication trait of citrus fruit is a key determinant of consumer preference and market value, which is influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, and postharvest factors. This review focuses on analyzing these factors and their impacts on citrus fruit quality, with a particular emphasis on masticatory properties. The biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying mastication traits are examined, focusing on cell wall metabolism (pectin, cellulose, lignin), cytoplasmic and intercellular matrix changes, and molecular regulation. Strategies for improving citrus quality and mastication traits are discussed, emphasizing varietal improvement through gene editing technologies, optimized cultivation practices, and advanced postharvest handling techniques. Despite significant progress, challenges remain in elucidating the complex genetic and environmental interactions governing these traits and developing sustainable management practices. Future research should integrate multiomics approaches, gene–environment interaction studies, and precision agriculture to address these challenges. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the current knowledge and prospective directions, aiming to guide the development of high-quality citrus varieties with enhanced mastication traits.
The Moderating Effect of Peer Attachment on Associations Between Children’s and Adolescents’ Cyberbullying Victimization, Bystanding, and Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Wright Michelle F.
Published: December 2024

The primary objective of this short-term longitudinal study was to investigate how age groups affect the relationships between cyberbullying victimization, bystanding, and depression among a convenience sample of students across different educational levels; there was a total of 234 elementary school students (fourth and fifth graders), 363 middle school students (sixth to eighth graders), and 341 high school students (ninth to twelfth graders) from the United States who completed self-reported questionnaires on cyberbullying, depression, and peer attachment during 2020. Additionally, this study examined whether peer attachment acted as a moderator in these relationships. The results revealed that strong peer attachment significantly moderated the connections between cyberbullying involvement and depression, as measured six months later, with particularly pronounced effects among middle school students. In contrast, weaker peer attachment intensified the positive correlations between cyberbullying victimization, bystanding, and subsequent depression. These findings highlight the crucial role of cultivating strong peer relationships, especially during pivotal developmental phases such as middle school. Implementing programs that promote positive peer interactions and supportive networks can be effective at alleviating the psychological effects of cyberbullying.
Knowledge and Communication About the Menstrual Cycle Among Rhythmic Gymnasts, Ballerinas, and Dancers
Authors: Schulz Marina , Bø Kari , Dobbertin Gram Marte Charlotte
Published: December 2024

While moderate exercise supports regular menstrual cycle (MC) function, many female athletes experience MC symptoms that negatively influence their training and performance. Hereby, knowledge and communication about this topic are important to promote an athlete’s health and wellbeing. Hence, this study aimed to assess the knowledge and communication surrounding the MC among Norwegian rhythmic gymnasts, ballerinas, and dancers. In total, 116 rhythmic gymnasts, ballerinas, and dancers aged ≥ 16 years training ≥ 3 days per week completed an electronic questionnaire. Of these, 63% (n = 73) reported a lack of knowledge about the MC’s influence on physical fitness and performance, and 39% (n = 45) rated their coaches’ or pedagogues’ knowledge as low. With only 32% of participants discussing the MC with their coaches/pedagogues, communication was found to be limited. Seventy-three percent felt uncomfortable during training or competition due to their attire and recommended darker colors and more options in size and layering. The study highlights a significant gap in knowledge and communication about the MC among female athletes and coaches/pedagogues in aesthetic sports. It also recommends improving athletes’ choice of attire for greater comfort and confidence.
Advances in DNA/RNA Sequencing and Their Applications in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
Authors: Ahmed Fatimah , Zhong Jiang
Published: December 2024

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive malignancy that poses significant challenges due to high rates of relapse and resistance to treatment, particularly in older populations. While therapeutic advances have been made, survival outcomes remain suboptimal. The evolution of DNA and RNA sequencing technologies, including whole-genome sequencing (WGS), whole-exome sequencing (WES), and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), has significantly enhanced our understanding of AML at the molecular level. These technologies have led to the discovery of driver mutations and transcriptomic alterations critical for improving diagnosis, prognosis, and personalized therapy development. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) has uncovered rare subpopulations of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) contributing to disease progression and relapse. However, widespread clinical integration of these tools remains limited by costs, data complexity, and ethical challenges. This review explores recent advancements in DNA/RNA sequencing in AML and highlights both the potential and limitations of these techniques in clinical practice.
Optimizing Photobiomodulation Radiometric and Spectral Parameters In Vitro to Enhance Angiogenesis and Mitochondrial Function
Authors: Joniová Jaroslava , Gregor Aurélien , Lambelet Martine , Déglise Sébastien , Allagnat Florent , Wagnières Georges
Published: December 2024

Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy, a therapeutic approach utilizing low-level light, has garnered significant attention for its potential to modulate various biological processes. This study aimed at optimizing and investigating the effects of PBM on angiogenesis and mitochondrial metabolic activity. In vitro experiments using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were performed to assess PBM’s impacts on cell migration, proliferation, endogenous protoporphyrin IX production, mitochondrial membrane potential, Rhodamine 123 fluorescence lifetime, mitochondrial morphology, and oxygen consumption. Our findings demonstrated that the PBM approach significantly stimulates HUVECs and VSMCs, highlighting the importance of precise light dosimetry for optimal outcomes. Interestingly, our results indicate that in our conditions, the optimal radiometric and spectral parameters are similar for HUVECs and VSMCs for the different endpoints mentioned above. In conclusion, our study strongly suggests that PBM holds promise as a therapeutic intervention for conditions characterized by impaired angiogenesis, such as wound healing, ischemia, and cardiovascular disease. Further research is necessary to fully elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize the radiometric and spectral parameters for clinical applications.
EXT1 as an Independent Prognostic Biomarker in Breast Cancer: Its Correlation with Immune Infiltration and Clinicopathological Parameters
Authors: Hossny Amira , Hassan Hatem A. F. M. , Fahmy Sherif Ashraf , Abdelazim Hazem , Kamel Mahmoud Mohamed , Osman Ahmed H. , Ibrahim Sherif Abdelaziz
Published: December 2024

Exostosin 1 (EXT1) encodes a type II transmembrane glycosyltransferase residing in the endoplasmic reticulum and plays an essential role in the elongation of heparan sulfate chain biosynthesis. Additionally, EXT1 may act as an oncogene that could promote cell proliferation as well as cancer cell metastasis. Herein, we investigated EXT1’s expression pattern and prognostic value in breast cancer, along with its immunological implications. Immunohistochemical staining of EXT1 was assessed in 85 breast cancer patients. Patients were categorized into molecular subtypes, namely luminal A, luminal B, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), along with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Correlations of EXT1 immunostaining with clinicopathological parameters were evaluated. Furthermore, the correlations of EXT1 expression with tumor immune infiltration and immune cell surface markers were assessed using TIMER. Moreover, survival analysis was conducted to reveal EXT1’s prognostic value. EXT1 expression was markedly associated with the status of the estrogen receptor (ER), molecular subtypes, and recurrence status. In addition, high levels of EXT1 expression were associated with worse overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS). Analysis of immune infiltration indicated that EXT1 expression was positively correlated with dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, neutrophils, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells, although it showed a negative correlation with the tumor purity. Overall, this study suggests that the elevated EXT1 expression, particularly in TNBC, has a positive correlation with poor prognosis and with immune-infiltrated cells in breast cancer. Therefore, it may emerge as an independent prognostic biomarker, immunological marker, and potential future therapeutic target for the most aggressive TNBC subtype.
Multiple-Camera Patient Tracking Method Based on Motion-Group Parameter Reconstruction
Authors: Karpuzov Simeon , Petkov George , Kalitzin Stiliyan
Published: December 2024

Motivation. The visual tracking of patients with specific adverse conditions such as epileptic seizures is an important task related to the prevention of unwanted medical situations and events. Previously, we have developed algorithms for contactless patient tracking based on optical flow analysis. In this work, we address some of the challenges faced by the single-camera tracking system and expand its functionalities by employing simultaneous input from multiple cameras. Methods. We propose a new approach of fusing multiple camera sensors. It uses a proprietary motion-group parameter reconstruction algorithm and includes scenarios of both overlapping and non-overlapping fields of view. In the first case, simultaneous tracking within the overlapping field evolves from independent tracking by each camera to synchronized tracking by a set of cameras. This is achieved by automated reinforcement learning and simultaneously applying the interdependences between the cameras. In addition, outside the overlapping areas, the algorithm can transfer tracking from one camera to another, provided a tree-type topology between the areas is present. Results. We demonstrate that synchronous, multi-camera tracking scenarios provide improvements in both real-world and simulated tests. This new approach allows for improving the accuracy and robustness of the original methods, to extend the tracking coverage, and to provide other beneficial effects, such as more precise detection of fast-moving objects. The proposed method is compared with other algorithms used in the field.
QCA: Quantum Computational Approach for Internet of Things with 5G Connectivity
Authors: Selvarajan Shitharth , Manoharan Hariprasath , Khadidos Adil O. , Khadidos Alaa O.
Published: December 2024

In this paper, the need for a quantum computing approach is analyzed for IoT applications using the 5G resource spectrum. Most of the IoT devices are connected for data transmission to end users with remote monitoring units, but there are no sufficient data storage units, and more data cannot be processed at minimized time periods. Hence, in the proposed method, quantum information processing protocols and quantum algorithms are integrated where data transmissions are maximized. Further, the system model is designed in such a way for checking the external influence factors that prevent the IoT device from transmitting data to end users. Therefore, with corresponding signal and noise power, it is essential to process the transmissions, thereby increasing data proportions at end connectivity. Once quantum computations are performed, then it is crucial to normalize IoT data units, thus establishing control over entire connected nodes that create a gateway for achieving maximum throughput. The combined system model is tested under four cases where the comparative outcomes prove that with reduced queue reductions of 12%, it is possible to achieve a maximum throughput of 99%.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Shear Performance of 16 m Full-Scale Prestressed Hollow Core Slabs
Authors: Zhao Kang , Wang Hui , Li Houchuan , Wei Yang , Lu Jinwei , Li Guofen
Published: December 2024

To investigate the shear performance of 16 m span prestressed hollow core slabs, shear tests were conducted on three pre-tensioned prestressed hollow core slabs with the same shear-to-span ratio. A systematic analysis was performed on the failure modes, crack development patterns, load–deflection relationships, and load–strain relationships of the prestressed hollow slabs. The test results indicate that all specimens experienced shear-compression failure under the same shear-to-span ratio (2.71). The main diagonal shear cracks were distributed within a range of 1.35 m to 1.95 m from the beam ends, with crack angles approximately between 45° and 55°. Finite element software ABAQUS was used for detailed numerical simulation of the tests. By comparing the failure modes and load–displacement curves, the reliability and applicability of the finite element model were verified.
Evaluation of Solubility and Complexation Ability of Vanillic, Syringic and Gallic Acids Towards Aluminum Cation
Authors: Aiello Donatella , Marino Tiziana , Napoli Anna , Furia Emilia , Plastina Pierluigi
Published: December 2024

Chelation therapy is currently successfully applied to reduce the aluminum burden and its neurodegenerative consequences. In view of a possible application to aluminum chelation therapy, here we have studied the complexation of hydroxybenzoic acids, namely, vanillic, syringic and gallic acids, towards aluminum ion at physiologically relevant conditions as regards temperature (37 °C) and ionic strength (i.e., 0.16 M NaCl). The solubility values and the protonation constants of the hydroxybenzoic acids were primarily assessed to estimate the competition of these acids towards aluminum and H+ ions. Then, potentiometric titrations were carried out, and the speciation analysis indicated a pH-dependent complexation occurring at a 1:1 hydroxybenzoic acid-to-aluminum ratio for vanillic and syringic, and 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1 ligand-to-Al(III) ratios for gallic. Gallic acid forms more stable complexes with Al(III) ion than vanillic and syringic acids and could therefore represent a good candidate for being used as sequestering agents for Al(III) ion.
A New Risk Prediction Model for the Assessment of Myocardial Injury in Elderly Patients Undergoing Non-Elective Surgery
Authors: Cicek Vedat , Babaoglu Mert , Saylik Faysal , Yavuz Samet , Mazlum Ahmet Furkan , Genc Mahmut Salih , Altinisik Hatice , Oguz Mustafa , Korucu Berke Cenktug , Hayiroglu Mert Ilker , Cinar Tufan , Bagci Ulas
Published: December 2024

Background: Currently, recommended pre-operative risk assessment models including the revised cardiac risk index (RCRI) are not very effective in predicting postoperative myocardial damage after non-elective surgery, especially for elderly patients. Aims: This study aimed to create a new risk prediction model to assess myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS) in elderly patients and compare it with the RCRI, a well-known pre-operative risk prediction model. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 370 elderly patients who were over 65 years of age and had non-elective surgery in a tertiary hospital. Each patient underwent detailed physical evaluations before the surgery. The study cohort was divided into two groups: patients who had MINS and those who did not. Results: In total, 13% (48 out of 370 patients) of the patients developed MINS. Multivariable analysis revealed that creatinine, lymphocyte, aortic regurgitation (moderate-severe), stroke, hemoglobin, ejection fraction, and D-dimer were independent determinants of MINS. By using these parameters, a model called “CLASHED” was developed to predict postoperative MINS. The ROC analysis comparison demonstrated that the new risk prediction model was significantly superior to the RCRI in predicting MINS in elderly patients undergoing non-elective surgery (AUC: 0.788 vs. AUC: 0.611, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our study shows that the new risk preoperative model successfully predicts MINS in elderly patients undergoing non-elective surgery. In addition, this new model is found to be superior to the RCRI in predicting MINS.