bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intercreditor-issues tussen cash flow en asset based financiers
Authors: Viëtor D.A. , Orval M.J.H.
Published: September 2016

Intercreditor-issues tussen cash flow en asset based financiers

Ter voorkoming van onevenredige benadeling van cash flow‍- of asset based financiers bij financiële problemen van de debiteur zijn afspraken over de uitoefening van hun bevoegdheden van groot belang. De gebruikelijke majority lenders-beslissing werkt niet goed. Andere afspraken, die beter aansluiten bij hun respectievelijke positie en belangen, zijn dan noodzakelijk.
Formação do(a) professor(a) pesquisador(a): análise de uma experiência de educação continuada com professores(as) da Escola Pública
Authors: Jardilino José Rubens Lima , Diniz Margareth
Published: September 2016

O presente artigo trata da temtica sobre a formao continuada de professores(as) daEducao Bsica no mbito da discusso sobre a formao do professor(a). O lcus desta experinciarefere-se a dois projetos dos grupos de pesquisa Formao e Profisso Docente (Foprofie Caleidoscpio, respectivamente): Desenvolvimento Profissional Docente e Inovao Pedaggica:estudo exploratrio sobre contribuies do Pibid, projeto de pesquisa interinstitucionalrealizado com trs universidades pblicas (Cear, So Paulo e Minas Gerais), financiado pelaCapes/Obeduc; e o projeto Conversaes com mulheres-professoras em Santa Rita de OuroPreto (2009-2015), que integra o Programa Caleidoscpio. Este artigo, embasado em duasmetodologias da pesquisa no campo educacional narrativas educacionais e conversao retrata como professores(as) esto fazendo sua formao continuada no interior dos referidosprojetos de pesquisa. Os resultados demonstram que os sujeitos/pesquisadores(as) envolvidosse situam numa concepo de professor(a)-pesquisador(a) para alm do que genericamentevimos denominando de professor(a) crtico-reflexivo e professor(a)-pesquisador(a).
Ensino médio e educação profissional em agroecologia no movimento social popular do campo no Paraná
Authors: Vito Rosana Vasconcelos , Lima Aparecida do Carmo
Published: September 2016

O presente estudo teve por objetivo abordar as prticas educativas em Agroecologiano Movimento Sem Terra no estado do Paran (MST), como parte da construo da poltica deeducao profissional tecnolgica no campo. O estudo situa-se no campo das aes coletivasrealizadas pelos trabalhadores na luta por polticas pblicas de educao na reforma agrriae na educao do campo. Analisamos a existncia de coerncia terica na materializao dasprticas como processo de formao humana na perspectiva da transformao social, e se essamantm vnculo com a proposta de ensino mdio integrado educao profissional tecnolgicadefendida pela classe trabalhadora. Nessa perspectiva, entendemos a educao nas reas dereforma agrria e a educao do campo, como parte do projeto da agricultura camponesa, queatualmente tm sido incorporadas Agroecologia no territrio campons, que vem enfrentandocontradies profundas neste momento de crise estrutural do capitalismo.
Evaluation of yielding of mixtures of Pisum sativum L. with Triticum aestivum L. grown in organic farming
Authors: Księżak Jerzy , Bojarszczuk Jolanta , Staniak Mariola
Published: September 2016

The aim of this study was to determine the productivity and quality of feed obtained from the mixtures of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) with spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), depending on the pea cultivar and its percentage in the weight of sown seeds under the conditions of organic farming. A field experiment was carried out in the years 2011–2013 in a randomized split-plot design with four replications. The first factor was a pea ‘Wiato’ or ‘Tarchalska’. The secondary factor was density of a pea mixture sown: 40, 60, and 80%. The yield of mixture seeds as well as the yield and structure of individual components were evaluated. The contents of crude protein and crude fiber, fat, ash, phosphorus, and potassium were determined in cereal grain and pea seeds.

The examined factors and weather conditions during the growing season had a significant impact on the growth and yield of pea–spring wheat mixtures. The seed yields of the mixtures with the semi-leafless ‘Tarchalska’ were lower than with ‘Wiato’ (with bipinnate leaves). Increasing the pea percentage in seed material resulted in lower mixture yields. The percentage of pea seeds (regardless of foliage type) in the mixture yields was significantly lower than the weight of sown seeds. Increasing the pea percentage in the mixture yield positively influenced the contents of protein, fat, and ash but it caused a decrease in the content of fiber. The pea percentage at sowing had little influence on the content of phosphorus in the mixture seed yields, but it slightly increased the content of potassium, regardless of the pea cultivar. The mixtures with the ‘Wiato’ and ‘Tarchalska’ cultivars contained a similar amount of protein, fiber, and fat, while the mixtures with ‘Tarchalska’ accumulated more ash.
Estudo exploratório de validação cruzada utilizando metodologia DEA nas escolas nota dez de Sobral, Cariré, Frecheirinha, Massapê/CE (ano base 2013)
Authors: Araújo Karlane Holanda , Leite Raimundo Hélio
Published: September 2016

O governo do Estado do Ceará, por meio da Secretaria da Educação - Seduc -, vem implantando validações educacionais orientadas pelo modelo accountability desde o ano de 2003. Uma dessas ações, no sentido de orquestrar a melhoria da qualidade educacional, é denominada Prêmio escola nota dez, uma medida de incentivo e reconhecimento aos bons resultados das escolas frente à meta de alfabetizar todos os alunos do 2º ano. Considerando que os indicadores educacionais para premiação das escolas são extraídos do Sistema Permanente de Avaliação da Educação Básica do Ceará - Spaece/Alfa -, realizou-se um estudo exploratório, de validação cruzada, com o objetivo de verificar a consistência e reprodutividade dos resultados das escolas de excelência propagados pelo Prêmio escola nota dez. Para isso, aplicou-se o modelo Análise Envoltória de Dados - DEA - em 91 escolas aferidas pelo Spaece, nos municípios de Sobral, Frecheirinha, Cariré e Massapê, no período de 2013, a fim de comparar com os índices de eficiência nas DMUs. O estudo revelou que há concordância entre os modelos. Os resultados demonstraram que as 16 escolas premiadas - DMUs - obtiveram índice de eficiência aceitável entre 0,90 e 1,0, no DEA, constatando que as escolas nota dez também foram consideradas escolas de excelência pelo modelo DEA.Essa confluência entre os modelos indica que os resultados do Spaece/Alfa possibilitam subsídios confiáveis para avaliar a eficiência das escolas. Porém, a validação cruzada mostrou ainda que existem 33 escolas, dentro da curva de eficiência, mas que não receberam o Prêmio escola nota dez. Neste aspecto, a análise carece de ponderação, pois para que a unidade escolar seja contemplada com o Prêmio escola nota dez além de atingir a proficiência desejada, há também a exigência de que o município onde ela se localiza, obtenha pelo menos 70% dos alunos, do 2º ano, com o nível Desejável na escala Spaece/Alfa. Além disso, a escola precisa está entre as 150 do ranking com as melhores proficiências estudantis do estado do Ceará. Assim, seria necessário um estudo mais aprofundado para averiguar os fatores dessa discrepância revelada. Palavras-chave: avaliação, DEA, prêmio escola nota dez.
A indissociabilidade teoria e prática na gestão democrática em Alagoas: uma análise dos planos de ação do curso de extensão em conselhos escolares
Authors: Santos Javan Sami Araújo dos , Prado Edna Cristina do , Trajano Júnior Salatiel Braga
Published: September 2016

Neste texto tem-se como objetivo de relatar sobre a importância dos planos de ação do curso de extensão em conselhos escolares como mecanismos de fortalecimento de uma gestão escolar mais participativa no Estado de Alagoas. Para tanto, organizou-se o texto, além da introdução e considerações finais, em três partes. Na primeira há uma reflexão sobre os objetivos e estrutura do curso. Na segunda um panorama da educação alagoana e sua relação com a oferta do curso. As principais características do processo de elaboração e implantação dos trabalhos finais são apresentados na terceira parte. Para a sua redação foram usados depoimentos e dados da coordenação do curso e dos projetos de intervenção propostos por estudantes do curso.Palavras-chave: gestão democrática, conselho escolar, plano de ação em curso de formação.
Reflexões sobre a avaliação final de uma disciplina eletiva
Authors: Albuquerque Fellipe Eloy Teixeira
Published: September 2016

Com carga horária de 60 horas a disciplina eletiva do curso de Mestrado Acadêmico em História da Arte, da Unifesp - campus de Guarulhos, possibilitou muitas questões acerca de como a relação entre Arte e Filosofia foram apreendidas durante a História. A consulta de diversos autores como Alain Badiou, Martin Heidegger, Giorgio Agambem e Jacques Rancière ajudaram na compreensão desse processo, assim como a produção artística de propositores como Vik Muniz, Peter Greenaway e Ngwenya. Para a avaliação final desta disciplina os professores responsáveis solicitam a elaboração de um texto que, a partir das referências trabalhadas em aula, ajudassem o aluno a formular um conceito de Arte. Esse artigo vem reunir as principais reflexões levantadas durante todo o processo de avaliação da disciplina que conceituou uma possibilidade de entender a História da ArtePalavras-chave: avaliação, arte, filosofia.
Software livre como apoio à tomada de decisão no ensino e uso de tecnologias: estudo de caso para as escolas públicas municipais de Videira/SC
Authors: Rossi Leila Lisiane , Nachtigall Gilson Ribeiro , Senko Luiz Gustavo Moro , Rosa Angela Maria Crotti da , Heineck Tiago , Vian Caroline , Boesing Jeferson José Schneider
Published: September 2016

Neste artigo apresenta-se a ferramenta web desenvolvida para auxiliar na análise dos dados relacionados a uma pesquisa realizada sobre o uso e necessidade de tecnologias no ensino nas escolas públicas municipais urbanas de Videira-SC. Inicialmente foram aplicados questionários dirigidos aos alunos e aos professores e, posteriormente, foi desenvolvida a ferramenta usando software livre com o objetivo de permitir a visualização dos dados de forma multidimensional, ou seja, várias dimensões e diferentes níveis de detalhamento para facilitar a análise dos dados na tomada de decisão.Palavras-chave: software livre, tomada de decisão, tecnologia.
O currículo e o trabalho por meio de projetos: construindo alternativas pela prática investigativa
Authors: Stafford Janaína Ribeiro
Published: September 2016

Neste artigo tem-se como objetivo apontar alternativas de reconstrução do currículo escolar por meio do trabalho com projetos. Vale salientar que o currículo se refere à organização do conhecimento escolar, sendo uma construção social do conhecimento, real, significativa, com intencionalidade político-pedagógica, aberto o suficiente para ser percebido como um processo, no qual as questões oriundas da relação ensino e aprendizagem possam dar-lhe um caráter dinâmico e transformador. Um instrumento relevante para reconstrução curricular são os denominados projetos de trabalhos, pois o ponto de partida do processo de construção do conhecimento é a prática social concreta e a realidade em que acontece.Palavras-chave: currículo, projetos de trabalho, conhecimento.
A organização do trabalho pedagógico no ciclo de alfabetização: as vozes dos professores
Authors: Cardoso Gabriela Cedalia , Bolzan Doris Pires Vargas , Millani Silvana Martins de Freitas
Published: September 2016

Este artigo é um recorte da monografia do Curso de Especialização em Gestão Educacional da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. O objetivo do estudo foi compreender como a organização do trabalho pedagógico implica no desenvolvimento das ações de incentivo à leitura e à escrita no ciclo de alfabetização. A pesquisa adotada é qualitativa de cunho narrativo sociocultural, tendo como base de estudo as narrativas do coordenador pedagógico e professores do ciclo de alfabetização de uma escola da rede municipal de Santa Maria. Compreendemos como as professoras organizam seu trabalho pedagógico e como a equipe diretiva tem atuado no sentido de apoiar e orientar o trabalho docente.Palavras-chave: trabalho pedagógico, ciclo de alfabetização, leitura e escrita.
Surgical approach to pleomorphic adenomas arising in the palate
Authors: Soares Eduardo Costa Studart , Costa Fábio Wildson Gurgel , Bezerra Tácio Pinheiro , Nogueira Carlos Bruno Pinheiro , Medeiros José Rômulo de , Pita Neto Ivo Cavalcante
Published: September 2016

Salivary gland tumors represent an important group of neoplasms characterized by a great diversity of types and morphological variants. Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign tumor occurring in the major and minor salivary glands. The majority of case series described in the literature refers to epidemiological data of major and minor salivary gland tumors, generally being of a benign or malignant nature. Studies reporting exclusively surgical treatment experience with pleomorphic adenomas of the palate are scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to report data on the treatment experience with surgical removal of leomorphic adenoma of the palate together with to nearby mucosal lining with or without ostectomy. Clinical records of all patients diagnosed with pleomorphic adenoma of the palate seen at Brazilian public service dental clinic (Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Division) and at a private clinic between March 1999 and November 2010 were reviewed. The analysis of the biopsied specimens yielded 10 cases during the 10-year period. Of all the patients 8 were women, with mean age 39 years. The most common main complaint was asymptomatic increase in volume (n = 9), with mean tumor size 2.1 cm. Most patients (n = 8) underwent excision of tumor and mucosal lining. One patient underwent bone ostectomy and in another, the tumor regressed after incisional biopsy.The mean follow-up was 26,8 months (12-42 months) with no recurrences, and the main complication was local discomfort and dysphonia (n = 2). In summary, surgical excision of the tumor and mucosal lining, with or without ostectomy, was shown to be an effective treatment modality for pleomorphic adenomas of the palate.
Reconstitution of the immunological defence and Candida albicans infection in oral mucosa of HIV+ patients under HAART
Authors: Santo Marinho Del
Published: September 2016

The HIV infection is a worldwide spread disease which with the HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy) application has became a chronicle disease.The HAART promotes the reduction of the HIV viral load and partial and temporary reconstitution of the immunological defence system of the HIV-infected subject, although for that its toxicity and patient adherence to the treatment might be well monitored.With the HAART, the past high prevalence of oral and oropharyngeal lesions decreased significantly, although in a non-homogeneous pattern.The fungus Candida albicans is a commensal microorganism of the human gut tract which provokes an opportunistic infection, when there is an imbalance between its virulence and the defence conditions of the host.The pathogenicity of the Candida albicans influences the degree of opportunistic infection; however, the fungical colonization is mainly dependent of the current immunological status of the patient.The host defence against Candida albicans is also provided by non-immunological barriers, physical as the keratinocytes of the oral epithelium, serological as the neutrophils, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages or humoral as the saliva, although the role of the salivary immunoglobulins is still unclear. Independently of the immunosuppression, the sensitive control to balance immunological innate and immunological acquired actions is complex and it prevents against an indiscriminate immunological acquired response. Dendritic cells and lymphocytes are the main defensive immunological cells of the oral mucosa. The dendritic cells phagocytise and deplete microorganisms, presenting the products of such depletion as antigens to the T lymphocytes, which provide acquired immunological defence for excellence. Specific Th1 type provides cell-mediated immunological protection against Candida albicans and other pathogens. Moreover, Th2 type cells provide immunological tolerance against external and auto-antigens. Treg and Th17 cells are actors of vital importance in the switching between Th1 type and Th2 type responses, although the complete understanding of their roles in this balance is still an ongoing process.
Herpetic Oral Manifestation In Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Brito Thiago Pires , Guimarães Alexandre Caixeta , Carvalho Guilherme Machado de , Takara Tammy Fumiko Messias , Santos Felipe Henrique Yazawa , Barreto Icléia Siqueira , Rio Ana Cristina Dal , Corrêa Maria Elvira Pizzigatti , Nicola Ester Maria Danielli
Published: September 2016

Viral infections in the oral cavity are frequent complications in patients with immunosuppression.The herpes simplex virus is among the most frequent causes of these infections. In immunocompromised patients the presentation may be atypical, with more extensive lesions, painful and with slower recovery.The goal of this article is to present a illustrative case of herpes oral infection in an immunosuppressed patient. Case report: Female patient, 43 years old, 32 days after the start of chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia, began complaining of odynophagia and painful emergence of lesions in the oral cavity. She presented multiple whitish ulcerated lesions with an erythematous halo, measuring around 0.5 cm in diameter across the mouth and the posterior wall of oropharynx. Treated with acyclovir with rapid improvement of symptoms and lesions. Cytological changes were found compatible with herpes simplex. Discussion: In most cases of infection with herpes simplex the presentations are self-limited but severe infections may occur and atypical in immunosuppressed individuals. Additional exams help in diagnosis as diagnostic cytology, ELISA and direct immunofluorescence. Acyclovir is the drug of choice for the treatment recommended dose of 1 g/day for a minimum period of 10 days. Conclusion: The oral lesions of herpes virus in immunosuppressed patients may have varied presentations and can often go unnoticed, as in mild or asymptomatic cases. However, due to the possibility of systemic spread of infection and the occurrence of severe manifestations, one should be highly suspected before the appearance of any oral lesion in the immunosupressed patients.
Painful keratocystic odontogenic tumor due to secondary infection associated to pulp necrosis
Authors: Klein Isadora Peres , Martins Manoela Domingues , Martins Marco Antonio Trevizani , Sant'Ana Filho Manoel , Rados Pantelis Varvaki , Carrard Vinicius Coelho
Published: September 2016

The keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) is defined as a benign, odontogenic, uni- or multicystic intraosseous tumor with infiltrative behavior. KCOTs occur over a broad age range, predominantly in the second and third decades of life.This odontogenic tumor is usually asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally on routine radiographs. Growth is typically medullary and there is no bone expansion in the majority of cases. In the present case, the patient exhibited pain and expansion of buccal cortical bone, unusual findings in this tumor.This could be related to pulp necrosis of the adjacent decayed tooth, leading to a secondary infection of the KCOT.These circumstances become the diagnosis difficult, because the clinical signals and symptoms strongly mimic an inflammatory lesion.
A rare case of intraoral trichilemmal cyst
Authors: Abrahao Aline Corrêa , Daltoé Felipe Perozzo , Santos Valdirene Alves dos , Norberto Nobuo Sugaya  , Pinto Jr Décio dos Santos
Published: September 2016

Trichilemmal cysts, also known as pilar cysts, are slow-growing lesions commonly found on the scalp of elderly women. They arise from outer root sheath epithelium and have a distinctive pattern of keratinization calledtrichilemmal keratinization. Here, we describe a rare case of a trichilemmal cyst on the lower lip mucosa of a 29-year-old man. The infrequency of intraoral hairs unquestionably results in the shortage of eported cases of trichilemmal cysts into the oral cavity.
Taking Stock: MTE's Contribution to Building a Knowledge Base for the Practice of Mathematics Teacher Education
Authors: Bieda Kristen
Published: September 2016

When you link to http://www.nctm.org/Publications/mathematics-teacher-educator/About-Mathematics-Teacher-Educator/ to learn about writing a manuscript for publication in Mathematics Teacher Educator (MTE), one aspect of the call for manuscripts that likely stands out is the importance of informing the practice of mathematics teacher education. This directive in the call raises questions such as What is meant by “practice” in the MTE call, considering Lampert's (2010) unpacking of the various ways scholars use this term when talking about teaching? Why do we need work that speaks to the practice of mathematics teacher education? How is mathematics teacher education a practice? Over a decade ago, scholars fervently debated whether teaching, more broadly, is a practice (see Noddings, 2003) and, certainly, the issue is not yet settled. Meanwhile, the demand facing mathematics teacher educators to better educate teachers means more support is needed for those doing the work; mathematics teacher educators continue to face increasing pressure to prepare teachers to engage in more “ambitious teaching” (Newmann & Associates, 1996) than what was expected nearly three decades ago.
Developing an Interview Module to Support Secondary PST's Noticing of Student Thinking
Authors: Lesseig Kristin , Casey Stephanie , Monson Debra , Krupa Erin E. , Huey Maryann
Published: September 2016

Effective mathematics teaching involves eliciting and interpreting student thinking, and then using students' current understandings as a basis for instruction. Research indicates these skills are not innate but can be acquired through structured experiences. In this article, we describe the development and implementation of an interview module aimed at supporting secondary preservice teachers' ability to elicit and use evidence of student thinking. Analysis of preservice teachers' noticing of student thinking across components of the interview module demonstrated positive benefits of the assignment. We share our design considerations and results, and offer potential adaptations to the module for other mathematics methods instructors interested in using the module to develop secondary preservice teachers' ability to notice student thinking.
Generation of Osteosarcomas from a Combination of Rb Silencing and c-Myc Overexpression in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Wang Jir-You , Wu Po-Kuei , Chen Paul Chih-Hsueh , Lee Chia-Wen , Chen Wei-Ming , Hung Shih-Chieh
Published: September 2016

Osteosarcoma (OS) was a malignant tumor occurring with unknown etiology that made prevention and early diagnosis difficult. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which were found in bone marrow, were claimed to be a possible origin of OS but with little direct evidence. We aimed to characterize OS cells transformed from human MSCs (hMSCs) and identify their association with human primary OS cells and patient survival. Genetic modification with p53 or retinoblastoma (Rb) knockdown and c-Myc or Ras overexpression was applied for hMSC transformation. Transformed cells were assayed for proliferation, differentiation, tumorigenecity, and gene expression profile. Only the combination of Rb knockdown and c-Myc overexpression successfully transformed hMSCs derived from four individual donors, with increasing cell proliferation, decreasing cell senescence rate, and increasing ability to form colonies and spheres in serum-free medium. These transformed cells lost the expression of certain surface markers, increased in osteogenic potential, and decreased in adipogenic potential. After injection in immunodeficient mice, these cells formed OS-like tumors, as evidenced by radiographic analyses and immunohistochemistry of various OS markers. Microarray with cluster analysis revealed that these transformed cells have gene profiles more similar to patient-derived primary OS cells than their normal MSC counterparts. Most importantly, comparison of OS patient tumor samples revealed that a combination of Rb loss and c-Myc overexpression correlated with a decrease in patient survival. This study successfully transformed human MSCs to OS-like cells by Rb knockdown and c-Myc overexpression that may be a useful platform for further investigation of preventive and target therapy for human OS.
Electrical Cell-Substrate Impedance Spectroscopy Can Monitor Age-Grouped Human Adipose Stem Cell Variability During Osteogenic Differentiation
Authors: Nordberg Rachel C. , Zhang Jianlei , Griffith Emily H. , Frank Matthew W. , Starly Binil , Loboa Elizabeth G.
Published: September 2016

Human adipose stem cells (hASCs) are an attractive cell source for bone tissue engineering applications. However, a critical issue to be addressed before widespread hASC clinical translation is the dramatic variability in proliferative capacity and osteogenic potential among hASCs isolated from different donors. The goal of this study was to test our hypothesis that electrical cell-substrate impedance spectroscopy (ECIS) could track complex bioimpedance patterns of hASCs throughout proliferation and osteogenic differentiation to better understand and predict variability among hASC populations. Superlots composed of hASCs from young (aged 24–36 years), middle-aged (aged 48–55 years), and elderly (aged 60–81 years) donors were seeded on gold electrode arrays. Complex impedance measurements were taken throughout proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. During osteogenic differentiation, four impedance phases were identified: increase, primary stabilization, drop phase, and secondary stabilization. Matrix deposition was first observed 48–96 hours after the impedance maximum, indicating, for the first time, that ECIS can identify morphological changes that correspond to late-stage osteogenic differentiation. The impedance maximum was observed at day 10.0 in young, day 6.1 in middle-aged, and day 1.3 in elderly hASCs, suggesting that hASCs from younger donors require a longer time to differentiate than do hASCs from older donors, but young hASCs proliferated more and accreted more calcium long-term. This is the first study to use ECIS to predict osteogenic potential of multiple hASC populations and to show that donor age may temporally control onset of osteogenesis. These findings could be critical for development of patient-specific bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine therapies.
Problems on the back of an envelope
Authors: Anikeeva Polina , Jasanoff Alan
Published: September 2016

Claims that magnetic fields can be used to manipulate biological systems contradict some basic laws of physics.
Two locus inheritance of non-syndromic midline craniosynostosis via rare SMAD6 and common BMP2 alleles
Authors: Timberlake Andrew T , Choi Jungmin , Zaidi Samir , Lu Qiongshi , Nelson-Williams Carol , Brooks Eric D , Bilguvar Kaya , Tikhonova Irina , Mane Shrikant , Yang Jenny F , Sawh-Martinez Rajendra , Persing Sarah , Zellner Elizabeth G , Loring Erin , Chuang Carolyn , Galm Amy , Hashim Peter W , Steinbacher Derek M , DiLuna Michael L , Duncan Charles C , Pelphrey Kevin A , Zhao Hongyu , Persing John A , Lifton Richard P
Published: September 2016

Premature fusion of the cranial sutures (craniosynostosis), affecting 1 in 2000 newborns, is treated surgically in infancy to prevent adverse neurologic outcomes. To identify mutations contributing to common non-syndromic midline (sagittal and metopic) craniosynostosis, we performed exome sequencing of 132 parent-offspring trios and 59 additional probands. Thirteen probands (7%) had damaging de novo or rare transmitted mutations in SMAD6, an inhibitor of BMP – induced osteoblast differentiation (p<10−20). SMAD6 mutations nonetheless showed striking incomplete penetrance (<60%). Genotypes of a common variant near BMP2 that is strongly associated with midline craniosynostosis explained nearly all the phenotypic variation in these kindreds, with highly significant evidence of genetic interaction between these loci via both association and analysis of linkage. This epistatic interaction of rare and common variants defines the most frequent cause of midline craniosynostosis and has implications for the genetic basis of other diseases.
Moving at the frontline
Authors: Ataíde Marco , Kastenmüller Wolfgang
Published: September 2016

The factors that regulate how immune cells called innate-like lymphocytes are localized in the tissue have been identified.
Simulation of an ultralow-power power management circuit for MEMS cantilever piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters
Authors: Takei Ryohei , Okada Hironao , Makimoto Natsumi , Itoh Toshihiro , Kobayashi Takeishi
Published: September 2016

We developed a power management circuit for piezoelectric microelectromechanical system cantilever vibration energy harvesters (VEHs) with ultralow-power consumption. The power management circuit was effective in a wireless vibration monitoring system. To operate the system, ultralow-power electronics were required because only a small amount of electrical power was generated from the faint environmental vibration. Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) and aluminum nitride (AlN) VEHs were fabricated and their equivalent circuits were extracted from output voltage measurements. The power management circuit was simulated using the extracted circuits. The simulation suggested that the power management circuit can be driven by a vibration acceleration of 1.0 m/s2 by lowering the power consumption of the power management circuit using existing electronics.
Patchiness of forest landscape can predict species distribution better than abundance: the case of a forest-dwelling passerine, the short-toed treecreeper, in central Italy
Authors: Basile Marco , Valerio Francesco , Balestrieri Rosario , Posillico Mario , Bucci Rodolfo , Altea Tiziana , De Cinti Bruno , Matteucci Giorgio
Published: September 2016

Environmental heterogeneity affects not only the distribution of a species but also its local abundance. High heterogeneity due to habitat alteration and fragmentation can influence the realized niche of a species, lowering habitat suitability as well as reducing local abundance. We investigate whether a relationship exists between habitat suitability and abundance and whether both are affected by fragmentation. Our aim was to assess the predictive power of such a relationship to derive advice for environmental management. As a model species we used a forest specialist, the short-toed treecreeper (Family: Certhiidae;Certhia brachydactylaBrehm, 1820), and sampled it in central Italy. Species distribution was modelled as a function of forest structure, productivity and fragmentation, while abundance was directly estimated in two central Italian forest stands. Different algorithms were implemented to model species distribution, employing 170 occurrence points provided mostly by the MITO2000 database: an artificial neural network, classification tree analysis, flexible discriminant analysis, generalized boosting models, generalized linear models, multivariate additive regression splines, maximum entropy and random forests. Abundance was estimated also considering detectability, through N-mixture models. Differences between forest stands in both abundance and habitat suitability were assessed as well as the existence of a relationship. Simpler algorithms resulted in higher goodness of fit than complex ones. Fragmentation was highly influential in determining potential distribution. Local abundance and habitat suitability differed significantly between the two forest stands, which were also significantly different in the degree of fragmentation. Regression showed that suitability has a weak significant effect in explaining increasing value of abundance. In particular, local abundances varied both at low and high suitability values. The study lends support to the concept that the degree of fragmentation can contribute to alter not only the suitability of an area for a species, but also its abundance. Even if the relationship between suitability and abundance can be used as an early warning of habitat deterioration, its weak predictive power needs further research. However, we define relationships between a species and some landscape features (i.e., fragmentation, extensive rejuvenation of forests and tree plantations) which could be easily controlled by appropriate forest management planning to enhance environmental suitability, at least in an area possessing high conservation and biodiversity values.
Observations of the vertical and temporal evolution of a Natal Pulse along the Eastern Agulhas Bank
Authors: Pivan Xavier , Krug Marjolaine , Herbette Steven
Published: September 2016

This study reinvestigates the work of Lutjeharms et al. (2001, 2003) who documented the properties of a Natal Pulse using isopycnal Lagrangian floats. We combined Lagrangian analyses and Eulerian maps derived from objective analysis to better describe the evolution of a Natal Pulse along three density surfaces referred to as the surface (satellite‐observed), shallow (isopycnal 1026.8 kg m−3), and deep (isopycnal 1027.2 kg m−3) layer. Our observations show that this Natal Pulse extended to a depth of 1000 m and was associated with cyclonic relative vorticity values of about 6.5–8.5 × 10−5 s−1 in the surface and shallow layer and 4 × 10−5 s−1 in the deep layer. This Natal Pulse contributed to cross‐shelf exchange through the offshore advection of Eastern Agulhas Bank water near the surface, onshore advection of South Indian Central Water and/or Indian Equatorial Water in the shallow layer, and Antarctic Intermediate Water in the deep layer. Sea surface temperature maps showed that the downstream progression of the Natal Pulse along the 3000 m isobath was related to a readjustment of its rotation axis. This readjustment advected Eastern Agulhas Bank water into the Natal Pulse eddy and triggered a SST cooling of about 3°C in the cyclonic area. The importance of a warm recirculating Agulhas plume originating from the Natal Pulse was highlighted. This warm water plume extended to a depth of 700 m and was associated with onshore velocities exceeding those experienced within the Natal Pulse eddy by a factor of 2. Our observations indicate that the June/July 1998 Natal Pulse and its associated plumes enhanced cross‐shelf exchanges.
Roles of deep and shallow convection and microphysics in the MJO simulated by the Model for Prediction Across Scales
Authors: Pilon Romain , Zhang Chidong , Dudhia Jimy
Published: September 2016

The November event of the Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) during the Dynamics of North Atlantic Models (DYNAMO) field campaign was simulated using the global compressible nonhydrostatic Model for Prediction Across Scales with global coarse (60 and 15 km) and regional (the Indian Ocean) cloud‐permitting (3 km) meshes. The purpose of this study is to compare roles of parameterized deep and shallow cumulus and microphysics in MJO simulations. Two cumulus schemes were used: Tiedtke and Grell‐Freitas. The deep and shallow components of Tiedtke scheme can be turned on and off individually. The results reveal that microphysics alone (without cumulus parameterization) is able to produce strong signals of the MJO in precipitation with 3 km mesh and weak MJO signals with 15 km mesh. A shallow scheme (Tiedtke) along with microphysics strengthens the MJO signals but makes them less well organized on large scales. A deep cumulus scheme can either improve the large‐scale organization of MJO precipitation produced by microphysics and shallow convection (Tiedtke) or impair them (Grell‐Freitas). The deep scheme of Tiedtke cannot reproduce the MJO well without its shallow counterpart. The main role of shallow convection in the model is to transport moisture upward to the lower to middle troposphere. By doing so, it removes dry biases in the lower to middle troposphere, a distinct feature in simulations with weak or no MJO signals, and enhances total precipitation and diabatic heating produced by microphysics and deep cumulus schemes. Changing model grid spacing from 60 to 15 km makes a little difference in the model fidelity of reproducing the MJO. All roles of shallow convection in 15 km simulations with parameterized deep convection cannot be reproduced in 3 km simulations without parameterized deep convection. Results from this study suggest that we should pay more attention to the treatment of shallow convection and its connection to other parameterized processes for improving MJO simulations. In other words, a holistic approach should be taken that consider parameterization of shallow cumulus, microphysics, boundary layer, and deep cumulus as a whole for model improvement.
Coyote unmanned aircraft system observations in Hurricane Edouard (2014)
Authors: Cione J. J. , Kalina E. A. , Uhlhorn E. W. , Farber A. M. , Damiano B.
Published: September 2016

Horizontal wind, temperature, and moisture observations are presented from two Coyote unmanned aircraft system (UAS) flights in the boundary layer of Hurricane Edouard (2014). The first flight sampled the meteorological conditions in the eye and eyewall at altitudes from 900 to 1500 m while Edouard was a major hurricane (105 kt) on 16 September 2014. The following day, a second Coyote sampled the inflow layer outside of the storm core at ~760 m altitude, when Edouard had weakened to an 80‐kt hurricane. These flights represent the first deployments of a UAS from an airborne manned aircraft into a tropical cyclone. Comparisons between the Coyote data and the Lockheed WP‐3D Orion (WP‐3D) flight‐level measurements and analyses constructed from dropsonde data are also provided. On 16 September 2014, the Coyote‐measured horizontal wind speeds agree, on average, to within ~1 m s−1 of the wind speeds observed by the WP‐3D and reproduce the shape of the radial wind profile from the WP‐3D measurements. For the inflow layer experiment on 17 September, the mean wind speeds from the Coyote and the dropsonde analysis differ by only 0.5 m s−1, while the Coyote captured increased variability (σ = 3.4 m s−1) in the horizontal wind field compared to the dropsonde analysis (σ = 2.2 m s−1). Thermodynamic data from the Coyote and dropsondes agree well for both flights, with average discrepancies of 0.4°C and 0.0°C for temperature and 0.7°C and 1.3°C for dew point temperature on 16 and 17 September, respectively
Very low isotope ratio of iron in fine aerosols related to its contribution to the surface ocean
Authors: Kurisu Minako , Takahashi Yoshio , Iizuka Tsuyoshi , Uematsu Mitsuo
Published: September 2016

Seven size‐fractionated aerosol samples were collected from Hiroshima, Japan, and were analyzed in terms of chemical composition, soluble fraction of iron (Fe), Fe species, and Fe isotope ratios. The results suggested that Fe in fine particles contained a larger fraction of anthropogenic aerosols than coarse particles did. Iron in the fine particles was more soluble in simulated seawater (up to 25%) than that in the coarse particles and was in the form of Fe (hydr)oxide species, such as ferrihydrite or hematite. The Fe isotope ratios (δ56Fe) of the coarse particles (+0.04‰ to +0.30‰) were close to the crustal mean value (0.0‰). By contrast, the δ56Fe values of fine particles were much lower and ranged from −2.01‰ to −0.56‰. δ56Fe values of the soluble Fe fraction in the fine particles were remarkably low (−3.91 to −1.87‰), suggesting that anthropogenic aerosols yield soluble Fe with low δ56Fe values. Such low values could be explained by kinetic isotope fractionation during evaporation of Fe at high temperatures, coupled with the refractory characteristics of Fe. Marine aerosols from the Northwest Pacific were also analyzed. The δ56Fe values in the fine particles were also lower than those in the coarse particles. These results may be important to quantitatively estimate the contribution of anthropogenic Fe deposited on the surface ocean on the basis of the Fe isotopes.
Concentration of bacterial aerosols in response to synoptic weather and land‐sea breeze at a seaside site downwind of the Asian continent
Authors: Murata Kotaro , Zhang Daizhou
Published: September 2016

Airborne bacteria are a major group of bioaerosols, but their temporal and spatial variations in the atmosphere are poorly understood due to a lack of accurate information at an appropriate temporal resolution. In this study, we quantified the concentration and viability of airborne bacteria at a seaside site on the southwestern coast of Japan in spring to investigate their association with synoptic weather, which was governed alternately by cyclones and anticyclones moving in the middle‐latitude westerly flow. The concentration of bacteria, on the order of 105–106 cells m−3, showed a small amplitude of variation, while the viability significantly differed in the range of 23–96% under different weather conditions. Cyclones transported bacteria from the Asian continent in their postfrontal air. Compared to bacteria under other weather conditions, the bacteria in postfrontal air had a large concentration, a low viability, and a close correlation with coarse aerosol particles. In contrast, bacterial concentration and viability in prefrontal air varied over small ranges, and no correlation between bacteria and aerosol particle number concentration was observed. During anticyclones, although bacterial concentration was similar to that in prefrontal air, bacterial viability was high, and the concentration had pulse increases of approximately 2 times the usual level when the wind changed to land/sea breezes. The increases were attributed to the accumulation of bacteria in stagnant air due to local sources. These results show the following two distinct patterns of bacterial concentration and viability at the seaside location of this study: (1) during postfrontal long‐distance dust plume transport related to a cyclone approaching from the Asian continent, the bacterial concentration is correlated with the coarse aerosol particle number concentration and the bacterial viability is low, and (2) pulse increases of viable bacteria are observed at anticyclone conditions corresponding to local sources and land‐sea breeze conditions.
Vortices in Saturn's Northern Hemisphere (2008–2015) observed by Cassini ISS
Authors: Trammell Harold Justin , Li Liming , Jiang Xun , Pan Yefeng , Smith Mark A. , Bering Edgar A. , Hörst Sarah M. , Vasavada Ashwin R. , Ingersoll Andrew P. , Janssen Michael A. , West Robert A. , Porco Carolyn C. , Li Cheng , Simon Amy A. , Baines Kevin H.
Published: September 2016

We use observations from the Imaging Science Subsystem on Cassini to create maps of Saturn's Northern Hemisphere (NH) from 2008 to 2015, a time period including a seasonal transition (i.e., spring equinox in 2009) and the 2010 giant storm. The processed maps are used to investigate vortices in the NH during the period of 2008–2015. All recorded vortices have diameters (east‐west) smaller than 6000 km except for the largest vortex that developed from the 2010 giant storm. The largest vortex decreased its diameter from ~11,000 km in 2011 to ~5000 km in 2015, and its average diameter is ~6500 km during the period of 2011–2015. The largest vortex lasts at least 4 years, which is much longer than the lifetimes of most vortices (less than 1 year). The largest vortex drifts to north, which can be explained by the beta drift effect. The number of vortices displays varying behaviors in the meridional direction, in which the 2010 giant storm significantly affects the generation and development of vortices in the middle latitudes (25–45°N). In the higher latitudes (45–90°N), the number of vortices also displays strong temporal variations. The solar flux and the internal heat do not directly contribute to the vortex activities, leaving the temporal variations of vortices in the higher latitudes (45–90°N) unexplained.
Inter‐model comparison of subseasonal tropical variability in aquaplanet experiments: Effect of a warm pool
Authors: Leroux Stephanie , Bellon Gilles , Roehrig Romain , Caian Mihaela , Klingaman Nicholas P. , Lafore Jean‐Philippe , Musat Ionela , Rio Catherine , Tyteca Sophie
Published: September 2016

This study compares the simulation of subseasonal tropical variability by a set of six state‐of‐the‐art AGCMs in two experiments in aquaplanet configuration: a zonally symmetric experiment, and an experiment with a warm pool centered on the equator. In all six models, the presence of the warm pool generates zonal asymmetries in the simulated mean states in the form of a “Gill‐type” response, made more complex by feedbacks between moisture, convective heating and circulation. Noticeable differences appear from one model to another. Only half the models simulate mean low‐level equatorial westerlies over the warm pool area. The presence of the warm pool can also favor the development of large‐scale variability consistent with observed Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) characteristics, but this happens only in half the models. Our results do not support the idea that the presence of the warm pool and/or of mean low‐level equatorial westerlies are sufficient conditions for MJO‐like variability to arise in the models. Comparing spectral characteristics of the simulated Convectively Coupled Equatorial Waves (CCEWs) in the aquaplanet experiments and the corresponding coupled atmosphere‐ocean (i.e., CMIP) and atmosphere‐only (i.e., AMIP) simulations, we also show that there is more consistency for a given model across its configurations, than for a given configuration across the six models. Overall, our results confirm that the simulation of subseasonal variability by given model is significantly influenced by the parameterization of subgrid physical processes (most‐likely cloud processes), both directly and through modulation of the mean state.
Variability and predictability of the space environment as related to lower atmosphere forcing
Authors: Liu H.‐L.
Published: September 2016

The Earth's thermosphere and ionosphere (TI) are characterized by perpetual variability as integral parts of the atmosphere system, with intermittent disturbances from solar and geomagnetic forcing. This review examines how the TI variability is affected by processes originating from the lower atmosphere and implications for quantifying and forecasting the TI. This aspect of the TI variability has been increasingly appreciated in recent years from both observational and numerical studies, especially during the last extended solar minimum. This review focuses on the role of atmospheric waves, including tides, planetary waves, gravity waves, and acoustic waves, which become increasingly significant as they propagate from their source region to the upper atmosphere. Recent studies have led to better understanding of how these waves directly or indirectly affect TI wind, temperature, and compositional structures; the circulation pattern; neutral and ion species transport; and ionospheric wind dynamo. The variability of these waves on daily to interannual scales has been found to significantly impact the TI variability. Several outstanding questions and challenges have been highlighted: (i) large, seemingly stochastic, day‐to‐day variability of tides in the TI; (ii) control of model error in the TI region by the lower atmosphere; and (iii) the increasing importance of processes with shorter spatial and temporal scales at higher altitudes. Addressing these challenges requires model capabilities to assimilate observations of both lower and upper atmosphere and higher model resolution to capture complex interactions among processes over a broad range of scales and extended altitudes.