bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial activity of Ocimum sanctum leaves extracts and oil
Authors: Mittal Rohit , Kumar R , Chahal HS
Published: January 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of ethanol, Hexane and Chloroform leaf extracts of O. sanctum against pathogenic bacteria to determine their potentials as antibacterial agent. Ocimum sanctum Linn known as Holy Basil is an aromatic plant native to the tropics of Asia and Africa being medicinally important plant in the family Lamiaceae. The family Lamiaceae is one of the most exploited medicinal plant family worldwide not only as a source of medicinal plants but also with its valuable essential oils being used as spices and flavours for various food products. Leaves have petioles, and are ovate, up to 5 cm long, usually slightly toothed. Leaves were separated from the stem, washed in clear water and dried until they were adequately dry to be ground (dried for 7 days). Dried leaves were powdered separately in an electric grinder until a homogenous powder was obtained. Ethanolic, Hexane, Chloroform extract was prepared from the powder obtained using “cold extraction method. The activity of Tulsi extract against K. pneumonia & Staphylococcus aureus was found to be higher at a concentration of 100% followed by 75% & 50% respectively. The maximum zone of inhibition was found to be 21&11mm against Kleibsiella pneumonia and 18&15mm against Staphylococcus aureus. The antimicrobial efficacy of Ocimum sanctum leaves indicates that the plant possesses potent antimicrobial properties as well as Ocimum is widespread in India, it can be recommended as an easily available and renewal source of antimicrobial agent instead of synthetic chemicals.

Keywords:  Ocimum santum, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsialla pneumonia, Disc Diffusion
PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS G VIRUS AMONG PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE AND HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS, SANA'A CITY-YEMEN
Authors: Saad Al-Dabis Esmail Mohammed , Al-Shamahy Hassan A. , Al-Hadad Maria Mansour Saeed , Al-Shamahi Emad Hassan
Published: January 2019

Hepatitis G virus (HGV) is a newly discovered and enveloped RNA positive-stranded flavivirus-like particle, which has not yet been proven to have major negative effects on liver. Therefore, it is important to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis G virus infection in Yemeni viral hepatitis patients and general population to design standard prevention and treatment plans. Screening HGV antibodies among 60 chronic HBV and 144 chronic HCV patients comparing with it's prevalence in 218 healthy controls were carried out. Serum samples were collected and tested for human HGV IgG by commercially available ELISA technique. Demographic data such as gender, age, and risk factors of contracting HGV virus were recorded in predesigned questionnaire.  The crude prevalence rate of HGV was 2.8%, female specific rate was 0% and male specific rate was 3.5%. The prevalence of HGV among HBV patients was 0%; HCV was 1.4% while in healthy individuals it was 4.6%. When age groups considered, the prevalence of HGV among age groups 20-29 years and 30-39 years was 3.5%, while in older age groups the rate of HGV was 0%.  There was a trend towards increased levels of HGV infection with the second and third decades of life (3.5%). There was no significant association between HGV infection and risk factors of hepatitis viruses. It can be concluded from this study that HGV virus is circulating in the risk groups and in the community in general Yemen, and there is a possibility that this virus may at some time become epidemic if preventive measures are not applied. The risk of community among healthy people more than in risk groups as HBV and HCV patients. Additionally HGV increases with young male adults.
ESTIMATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY AS WELL AS APOPTOTIC ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF CROCUS SATIVUS
Authors: Arirudran B. , Priyadharshini P. , Rao US Mahadeva
Published: January 2019

Inflammation is a body reaction which embroils cellular and biochemical responses, which is not only symptom for shared diseases but also known to be an initial phase for certain serious Alzheimer’s, cancer, heart vascular diseases. In order to overcome these drawbacks, there is an urgent need for nutraceuticals with excellent anti-inflammatory response with minimum side effects. Aim: An attempt has been made to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity along with gene expression analysis on ethanolic extracts of Crocus sativus (CSEE). Dried stigmas of C. sativus were analyzed for anti-inflammatory activity by macrophage scavenging assay. In this study, the phagocytic activity of the extract was tested on oxidative burst reduction of macrophages. RT-PCR was performed to analyze the anti-apoptotic gene expression during cell death, as a result of the compound treatment on cancer cells. The CSEE unveiled high phagocytic activity on the oxidative burst reduction, presenting intracellular killing and the enhancement of lysosomal enzyme activity, showing the active degranulation of macrophages. These findings suggest that C. sativus possessed excellent anti-inflammatory as well as apoptotic activities. Hence it was proposed that C. sativus could be exploited against oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, cancer and ageing therapy to justify their use in traditional medicine as a nutraceutical.
PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA SKIN-NASOPHARYNGEAL COLONIZATION IN THE IN-PATIENTS: PREVALENCE, RISK FACTORS AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN TERTIARY HOSPITALS IN SANA'A CITY -YEMEN
Authors: AL-Magrami Rahma Taher Farea , Al-Shamahy Hassan Abdulwahab
Published: January 2019

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of most important cause of healthcare-associated infections. This active surveillance cross sectional study was aimed to determine the rate of P. aeruginosa colonization among inpatients at three tertiary hospitals in Sana'a city. In addition, to determine risk factors of colonization and the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated P. aeruginosa.  The study included 327 inpatients. Skin and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from all participated patients and data were collected by predesigned questionnaire. Standard methods of isolation and identification were used to isolate bacteria in pure culture then identify. Also, antibiotic sensitivity for isolated P. aeruginosa was determined by the disc diffusion method. 42 patients (12.8%) were colonized with P. aeruginosa on skin and nasopharyngeal. The significant risk factors of colonization were male patients (OR=2.5), older age (OR= 2.2), burn ward (OR=37), long stay in hospital (OR=4) and burn as underlying disease (OR=45). The isolated P. aeruginosa were completely resistant (100%), to Aztroneome, Ceftriaxone, and Ciprofloxacine; and the rates of resistant were ranged between 83.3-85.7% for Amikacin, Ampicillin sulbactam Levofloxacin. Also the rates were 71.4% for Netilmicin and 92.9% for chloramphenicol. Moreover, the rates of resistant were low for Gentamicin (35.7%), Imipenem (11.9%), Pipracillin Tazobactam (11.9%), Ticaracillin calvulanic acid (31%) and Colistin sulphat (14.3%). In conclusion, this study has highlighted the role of hospitalization as a significant risk for P. aeruginosa colonization; concerted and coordinated efforts are required both in the hospital and community to tackle this.  These data emphasize the need to identify hospitalized patients colonized with P. aeruginosa on admission. Prediction rules or rapid diagnostic testing will help clinicians more appropriately choose empiric antibiotic therapy if subsequent infections occurred.
Editorial
Authors: Wassem Joyce
Published: January 2019

É com alegria que publicamos mais um número da revista Educação em Perspectiva (v. 9, n. 2, maio/ago. 2018). Composto por 16 manuscritos, sendo 13 artigos e 3 relatos de experiência.Agradecemos aos autores, pareceristas e leitores da Revista Educação em Perspectiva e desejamos uma boa leitura e profícuas reflexões!
História de uma obra e de um manuscrito
Authors: Romão José Eustáquio , Romão Natatcha Priscilla
Published: January 2019

Este artigo reconstitui a gênese da formulação e redação de Pedagogia do oprimido por Paulo Freire, sua obra mais importante. Em seguida, reconstitui historicamente a trajetória das edições, com destaque para as primeiras, mormente para a realizada no Brasil, por causa de sua proibição imposta pela ditadura militar que se instalara no país em abril de 1964 e que banira Paulo Freire, bem como seu pensamento como “subversivo” da ordem autocrática imposta.
Pedagogia do Oprimido: 50 anos de resistência
Authors: Romão José Eustáquio
Published: January 2019

Apresentação do Dossiê: "Pedagogia do Oprimido: 50 anos de resistência", em comemoração ao cinquentenário da obra de autoria de Paulo Freire, cuja escrita foi concluída em 1968, em Santiago.
Adoption of IFRS in Ecuador and Colombia 2010-2016
Authors: Villanueva García José , Cordova Román Carmen , Cuenca Jiménez Maria Teresa
Published: January 2019

The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), have been adopted by a large number of countries, since they are considered an international benchmark for obtaining comparable quality financial information. The adoption by Ecuador and Colombia of IFRS as a transition from their previous local regulations based on provisions and decrees, justifies the present research work to provide knowledge of the regulatory reality of both countries. Behind this ambitious adoption of accounting standards, since they are costly processes both financially and in terms of training, there is a need to obtain consistent financial information that should attract investments and facilitate access to other less harmful financial markets. The purpose of this research is to perform an analysis of the effect on the accounting variables of the balance sheet and financial ratios, before and after the application of IFRS on large Ecuadorian and Colombian companies. To do this, Wilcoxon’s nonparametric test of related samples is used, on a total of 204 Ecuadorian companies and 60 Colombian companies. To compare the results of both countries, a non-parametric U Mann-Whitney test is carried out. The results show an impact in both countries on the variables studied after the mandatory adoption of IFRS, although the relative impact is greater in the Colombian case.
Dielectric, ferroelectric and magnetic properties of Bi0.78La0.08Sm0.14Fe0.85Ti0.15O3 ceramics prepared at different sintering conditions
Authors: Li Zhengxin , Wang Zhenhua , Gao Rongli , Cai Wei , Chen Gang , Deng Xiaoling , Fu Chunlin
Published: January 2019

Although BiFeO3 (BFO) has attracted great attention due to its special
physical properties as a typical single phase multiferroic material, the
application is limited due to the formation of impurities, defects and so
forth. Herein, we report improved multiferroic properties of
Bi0.78La0.08Sm0.14Fe0.85Ti0.15O3 (BLSFTO) ceramics by combination of
co-doping and sintering schedule. BLSFTO multiferroic ceramics were prepared
by using the conventional solid state reaction method and the effect of
sintering time (2, 5, 10, 20 and 30 h) on the structural, dielectric and
multiferroic properties was investigated systematically. The result
indicates that stable BLSFTO phase with perovskite structure was formed for
all the samples. Only some impurities such as Bi2O4 can be observed when the
sintering time is longer than 20 h, indicating that the sintering time can
induce structural changes in BLSFTO and too long sintering time can
remarkably increase the secondary phases. In addition, the frequency
dependent dielectric properties show that sintering time has distinct effect
on the frequency stability and the relaxation process. The result
demonstrates that the enhanced magnetization, improved dielectric and
ferroelectric properties may be correlated with the structural
transformation, impurities, oxygen vacancies and grain morphology.
Digitization of the Belgrade Astronomical Observatory's vertical circle observational heritage
Authors: Segan S. , Segan-Radonjic M.
Published: January 2019

The aim of the paper is to present the digitization of the results of last
observations of bright stars made by the Belgrade vertical circle ASKANIA
N?80118 (D = 190 mm, f = 2578 mm) at the Astronomical Observatory of
Belgrade. The observations are mainly made by Djuro Bozhichkovich in the period between 1982 and 1985. All of the found observational data and
intermediary results are referenced and presented and some research
possibilities are suggested.
Formación en creatividad e innovación: estudiando las percepciones y prácticas de los jóvenes emprendedores locales / Training in Creativity and Innovation: Studying perceptions and practices of Young Local Entrepreneurs
Authors: Carrillo Soto Armanda , Caballero Rico Frida Carmina , Roque Hernández Ramón Ventura
Published: January 2019

Introducción. Las empresas mexicanas, y en particular las pymes, han venido padeciendo de un alto estancamiento en su competitividad y productividad, así como de una deficiente destreza para la gestión de actividades innovadoras. Esto se traduce en la necesidad de promover la adecuada formación de personas con habilidades críticas, creativas y con capacidad para tomar decisiones y resolver problemas. Objetivo. En este artículo se presentan los resultados de una investigación que se realizó con el objetivo de conocer las percepciones y prácticas empresariales enfocadas en el estímulo de la creatividad y la innovación. Método. Los participantes fueron cincuenta y cinco jóvenes emprendedores de Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, México. Se aplicó un cuestionario que aportó datos sobre los siguientes aspectos: creatividad en la empresa, perfil de una persona creativa, origen de la creatividad, barreras de la creatividad, capacitación y desarrollo creativo del personal, prácticas promovidas en la empresa y estímulos a la creatividad. Resultados. Los resultados muestran que los empresarios son conscientes de la importancia de la creatividad para ellos, sus empleados y sus empresas. Estos hallazgos permiten caracterizar la situación actual de las empresas iniciadas por jóvenes emprendedores, así como también conocer los retos que enfrentan. Conclusiones. Los empresarios conocen los beneficios de la creatividad y la innovación en el ambiente empresarial; sin embargo, todavía existen áreas de oportunidad que permitirán entenderlas y explotarlas mejor. Para lograr este objetivo se requiere de un proceso continuo de capacitación y concientización que fortalezca en los jóvenes sus capacidades creativas e innovadoras.
El derecho al cuidado: ¿un derecho de los adolescentes en conflicto con la ley penal? / The right to care: a right of adolescents in conflict with criminal law?
Authors: Hernández Romero Yasmín
Published: January 2019

El objetivo de esta investigación exploratoria es analizar la normatividad en México relacionada con el tratamiento de los adolescentes que se encuentran en conflicto con la ley, para lo cual se ha hecho énfasis en la inclusión o no del derecho al cuidado. Para ello, se tomaron como base las directrices internacionales sobre este tema, y se revisaron las leyes nacionales, así como las reformas al artículo 18 constitucional. En tal sentido, se encontró que en el Código Civil Federal se sigue refiriendo a los menores de edad como sujetos incapaces, mientras que en otras leyes, en las que se considera a los adolescentes como sujetos de derechos, el reconocimiento del derecho al cuidado se halla en ciernes. Como conclusión, se infiere la necesidad de reconocer el derecho al cuidado en el ámbito jurídico, y de hacerlo una realidad en el tratamiento penitenciario, lo cual se considera fundamental para el logro de una vida digna de todo ser humano.
UNITY AND IDENTITY IN PERSPECTIVE OF THE FREE EVANGELICAL CHURCHES
Authors: HEISER Andreas
Published: January 2019

Free evangelical Churches emphasize unity amongst God’s children. To put it in a nut-shell: The Founder of the first Free evangelical Church in Germany, Hermann Heinrich Grafe (1818–1869), performed an ecclesiological balancing act in order to make the unity of the children of God visible: he has founded a particular Church as an expression of the Universal Church. The Free evangelical Churches came to life with a creed that preceded the ecumenical word of John 17:21. Their founders were aware of, that even a Protestant particular Church must continue to pursue the goal of reducing confessional egoism through prayer, personal encounters, common ministry, and serious theological discourses, and to discern the unity already existing in Christ for the world to believe. This goal remains, even though the numerical growth and confessional fragmentation of the one Church of Jesus Christ over the last two centuries make the visualization of their unity seem impossible. This article shows ecumenical chances and obstacles of the free-evangelical perspective on unity and identity, which are somewhat typical for ecumenical dialogues between free Churches and other Churches.
HEAVENLY CITIZENSHIP: A CONCEPT FOR UNION AND AN IDENTITY MARKER FOR MIZO CHRISTIANS
Authors: NGURSANGZELI BEHERA Marina
Published: January 2019

Paul, as it is well known, was a citizen of the Roman Empire and he wrote these words about citizenship to a young congregation in a Hellenistic city. The Greek word in Philippians 3:20 he uses here is translated differently as conservation (KJV), as home and as citizenship in the New American Standard (NAS) translation. So, Christian citizenship is in heaven - not on earth. It is from there Christians expect their Lord and savior to come. Yet, while living on earth and waiting until He comes and while being part of the larger human community each and every one is a member of political unit, a nation or a state or a tribe. The knowledge of the heavenly citizenship gives Christians an indication where to hope for true citizenship and gives at the same time a clear indication to distinguish between “heavenly” affairs and their allegiance to worldly powers on earth. During the initial period of the history of Christianity in Mizoram in order to differentiate one’s new identity was the conviction and the declaration that one is now Pathian mi (God’s people) and vanram mi (heavenly citizen). This significant concept and understanding of what it means for the Mizo to be Christian is reflected prominently in Mizo indigenous hymns and gospel songs as well as in the preaching of the Gospel, where it is declared that one is no longer a citizen of this earthly world (he lei ram mi), but of the heavenly world (van ram mi). This paper attempts to highlight the significance of the concept of heavenly citizenship as an identity marker in the construction of an identity and in fostering a union, sense of being a people—Mizo—a homogenous political unit as a reaction to imposed foreign British rule and the western missionaries in the later part of the 19th century. While the focus of the paper is on the concept of heavenly citizenship the Mizo’s encounter with the British colonial ruler and Christianity will be highlighted in order to place the development of the concept in its historical contexts for a better understanding.
Laboratory aspects of hemostasis in neonates
Authors: Koltsova E. M. , Balashova E. N. , Panteleev M. A. , Balandina A. N.
Published: January 2019

Newborns have high risks of thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications. Despite the fact that the overall frequency of thrombosis and bleeding in the general population of neonates is low, the risks of both thrombosis and hemorrhage are significantly increased when a newborn has some complications, including prematurity. The mechanisms underlying the onset of thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications in newborns are not fully understood and remain controversial. The hemostasis in newborns drastically differs from adult hemostasis and even from hemostasis in children older than a year. Nevertheless, despite the presence of quantitative and qualitative differences of almost all parameters of the hemostasis system from the parameters of adults, healthy newborns as a whole have clinically normal functional hemostasis without a tendency to coagulopathy or thrombosis. Apparently, the neonatal hemostasis system is in some alternative "balance", which differs from the "balance" of hemostasis in adults. The issue regarding the stability of this balance is still open. Due to the peculiarities of the newborn's hemostasis, clinical laboratory diagnostics of the coagulation disorders is very difficult, and the attending physician is forced to focus exclusively on the clinical picture. This review provides basic information on the neonatal hemostasis system, as well as an attempt to critically evaluate existing laboratory tests in terms of applicability for this group of patients.
Leukocyte subgroup distribution and morphology in blood of premature and full-term newborn babies studied by the cell microarray
Authors: Fedyanina O. S. , Zadorozhnaya A. E. , Khvastunova A. N. , Koltsova E. M. , Balashova E. N. , Timofeeva L. A. , Karavaeva A. L. , Shamanova M. B. , Volkov S. N. , Burova O. S. , Dashkevich N. M. , Filatov A. V. , Kuznetsova S. A.
Published: January 2019

Both the ratio of different leukocyte subgroup content and the leukocyte morphology in peripheral blood of newborns are important in diagnosis of several diseases including combined immunodeficiency and neonatal septicemia. There is a need for development of screening methods for parallel study of the leukocyte morphology and population structure in the newborn peripheral blood. We aimed to determine the relative abundance of different leukocyte subsets and to study their morphology in full-term and premature newborn babies and healthy adult volunteers using the cell-binding microarray – a transparent support with immobilized antibodies against leukocyte cluster-of-differentiation antigens. The work was supported by the Scientific council and approved by the ethical committee of the Centre. We have studied the peripheral blood of 12 full-term newborns (38–40 weeks gestation), 9 premature newborns (22–32 weeks gestation) and 18 healthy adults. The relative abundance of the leukocyte and their morphology were determined using the cell-binding microarray including antibodies against CD2, СD3, СD4, CD5, СD7, CD8, CD10, СD11b, CD11c, CD13, CD14, CD15, CD16, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD25, CD33, CD38, CD41a, CD45, CD45RA, CD45RO, CD61, CD64, CD117, CD123, HLA-DR. The percentage of leukocytes positive for every of the studied surface CD antigens among the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of full-term and preterm newborn babies and healthy adults determined on the cell–binding microarray are in good agreement with published flow cytometry data. CD11b+ leukocytes both in premature and full-term newborns included up to 21% myelocytes and 27% metamyelocytes. The reported data can be used as reference values in cell-binding microarray application in diagnosis of combined immunodeficiency or neonatal septicemia.
Indication of 99mTc-MDP bone scan after 123I-MIBG scintigraphy in patients with neuroblastoma
Authors: Kailash . , Kireeva E. D. , Vdovina I. S. , Shamanskaya T. V. , Kachanov D. Y. , Varfolomeeva S. R. , Likar Y. N.
Published: January 2019

123I-MIBG (metaiodobenzylguanidine) scintigraphy and 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy (bone scan) are widely used in diagnosis and staging of NB. Consecutively using both methods lead to overall radiation exposure. As most of the patients need additional anesthesia to perform these diagnostic procedures, which accordingly increase the side effect, workload and expenditure. To minimize the exposure, side effect, workload and expenditure, we set the tasks to optimize the diagnostic algorithm. Determine the indications of bone scan after 123I-MIBG scintigraphy. Materials and Methods: 129 patients with NB were included in retrospective study who underwent both diagnostic procedures at interval of less than 30 days at the stage of initial diagnostic procedure using standard protocols. Out of 83 MIBG positive patients bone scan was able to detect metastatic lesions only in 48 patients. However, bone scan had revealed metastatic lesions in 3 out of 14 MIBG-negative patients. Bone scan is indicated only in MIBG-negative neuroblastoma patients; and in cases where the MIBG uptake cannot be determined for example after operative treatment or after starting of chemotherapy.
Mucopolysaccharidosis I type: new management
Authors: Mikhaylova S. V. , Slateckay A. N. , Pristanskova E. A. , Kirgizov K. I. , Mendelevich O. V. , Zazhivikhina M. V. , Voroncova V. P. , Zakharova E. Yu. , Kamenec E. A. , Voskoboeva E. Yu. , Tatarova I. N. , Donush E. K. , Yurasova Yu. B. , Bologov A. A. , Skorobogatova E. V.
Published: January 2019

Mucopolysaccharidosis I-Hurler (MPS I-H) is the most severe form of a metabolic genetic disease caused by mutations of IDUA gene encoding the lysosomal α-L-iduronidase enzyme. MPS I-H is a rare, life-threatening disease, evolving in multisystem morbidity including progressive neurological disease, upper airway obstruction, skeletal deformity and cardiomyopathy. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is currently the gold standard for the treatment of MPS I-H in patients diagnosed and treated before 2–2.5 years of age, having a high rate of success. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with human recombinant laronidase has also been demonstrated to be effective in ameliorating the clinical conditions of pre-transplant MPS I-H patients and in improving HSCT outcome, by peri-transplant co-administration. Nevertheless the long-term clinical outcome even after successful HSCT varies considerably, with a persisting residual disease burden. This review will focus on all these critical issues related to the management of MPS I-H.
Results of clinical application of pathogen-reduced red blood cell suspension in children with oncological and hematological diseases
Authors: Kumukova I. B. , Trakhtman P. I. , Starostin N. N. , Kadaeva L. J. , Chaykina O. A.
Published: January 2019

The problem of blood-borne infections remains relevant in transfusion medicine. Pathogen reduction technologies (PRT) provide a preventive approach to a wide range of transfusion-transmitted infectious diseases. To date, PRT widely used for a number of blood components, however, the use of these technologies for the treatment of erythrocyte-containing components has not been studied. Objective: to conduct a comparative analysis of the clinical efficacy of transfusions of pathogen-reduced and gamma-irradiated erythrocyte suspension in pediatric patients with various oncological and hematological diseases. Seventy transfusions of red blood cell suspensions (RBC-S) (35 transfusions of pathogen-reduced RBC-S and 35 transfusions of gammairradiated RBC-S) in pediatric patients with oncological and hematological diseases were analized. Clinical efficacy parameters such as the hemoglobin and the hematocrit increment after transfusion, the interval between transfusions, the frequency and severity of transfusion reactions were estimated. We also evaluated the correlation between the hemoglobin and the hematocrit increment with age, patient’s body weight, the hemoglobin concentration and patient's hematocrit before transfusion, the volume of transfusion, the hemoglobin dose and the adjusted hemoglobin dose received for transfusion. We found that the clinical efficacy and safety of RBC-Ss of the compared groups did not differ: the hematocrit and the hemoglobin increment, the frequency and severity of transfusion reactions, and the interval between transfusions were comparable between groups. There was no evidence of immune elimination and allo-sensibilization caused by pathogen-reduced RBC-S. In the group of patients receiving pathogen-reduced RBC-S, a correlation was found between the increase in the hemoglobin and hematocrit values with some of the EV indices. According to our data, the spectrum of efficiency and safety indicators of pathogen-reduced RBC-S is no worse than that of gamma-irradiated RBC-S, provided that RBC-S is used for 14 days of storage.
The case of rare hereditary thrombocytopenia with a predisposition to the development of acute myeloid leukemia in twin children
Authors: Khajieva F. R. , Zharkov P. A. , Fedorova D. V. , Raykina E. V. , Ignatova A. A. , Plyasunova S. A. , Panteleev M. A.
Published: January 2019

Family thrombocytopenia/thrombocytopathy with a predisposition to the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a rare disease associated with a mutation in the RUNX1 gene. To date, there are data on this disease in no more than 70 families. We present a description of the clinical observation of this pathology in two twin children, and also offer an analysis of available literature on the pathogenetic aspects and prevalence of this rare disease. Patient's parents agreed to use personal dats and photos in research and publications.
Sinonasal renal cell-like adenocarcinoma
Authors: Sagoyan G. B. , Usychkina A. Yu. , Kletskaya E. S. , Vorozhtsov I. N. , Kobyzeva D. A. , Gornostaev V. V. , Grachev N. S. , Shcherbakov A. P. , Varfolomeeva S. R. , Nechesnyuk A. V.
Published: January 2019

A case of clinical observation of a Sinonasal Renal Cell-like Adenocarcinoma in a patient of 17 years is described. In the article the description of the case of Sinonasal Renal Cell – like Adenocarcinoma is described for the first time in the domestic literature and clinical and histological features are analyzed in detail. Patient's parents agreed to use personal dats and photos in research and publications.
Flow cytometric measurement of absolute telomere length
Authors: Demina I. A. , Semchenkova A. A. , Kagirova Z. R. , Popov A. M.
Published: January 2019

The length of the end of chromosomes – telomeres is a dynamic and constant characterizes cellular aging process. Measurement of telomere length (TL) and its connection with the diagnosis, course, prognosis and treatment of a number of diseases in recent years, is of great interest for researchers. The methods used for this are varied and are primarily by molecular biological. Variability of methodological approaches, the lack of a common standard of measurement TL measurements in absolute and relative terms: all this leads to results that cannot be compared with each other. The aim of this work is the development of data conversion algorithm is obtained by flow cytometry in absolute telomere length, expressed in kilobases (kb). The study was conducted from venous blood of children 2–3 years of age (8 healthy children and 3 patients with dyskeratosis congenita). As control material used cell line 1301 (ATCC, UK). Determination of relative telomere length was performed by using a set FlowFISH Telomere PNA Kit / FITC (DakoCytomation, Glostrup, Denmark). RTL code and the absolute length of telomeres were calculated for each study participant. Data on the length of patients telomere were compared with data on TL healthy children of appropriate age. RTL average value for healthy children 2–3 years was 30.1, and an absolute telomere length – 15.56 kb. Telomere length patients with dyskeratosis congenita was significantly shorter (RTL 1.4–4.3, the absolute value of TL 0.3–2.4 kb). The algorithm conversion molecular fluorescence equivalent in absolute TL is universal and can be used in any laboratory equipped with a flow cytometer. The resulting data TL can be compared with the data expressed in absolute units and obtained by any other method.
L-asparaginase: new approaches to improve pharmacological characteristics
Authors: Borsakova D. V. , Sinauridze E. I.
Published: January 2019

The review focuses on the antitumor L-asparaginase preparation, its properties and mechanism of action, as well as its new drug forms, which possess improved characteristics of efficiency, safety and pharmacokinetics. Particular attention is paid to L-asparaginase included in erythrocytes.
Augmentative and Alternative Communication – Scoping Review / Unterstützte Kommunikation – Scoping Review
Authors: Kollmar Anja , Hohenstein Christiane , Sabatino Adriana , Gantschnig Brigitte
Published: January 2019

Introduction

The effective use of Augmentative and Alternative Communication is challenging, not only for persons with complex communication needs, but also for their significant others. There is a need, therefore, for interprofessional collaboration in order to effectively assess, provide, and evaluate services.

Aim

The aim of this scoping review was to summarize current evidence in the field of Augmentative and Alternative Communication and reveal the demands for further research.

Method

We searched in the electronic databases Pubmed, AMED, and CINAHL using following keywords child*, disability, cerebral palsy, augmentative and alternative communication, intervention, and therapy to identify relevant literature. We summarised the content of the included studies.

Results

We included 16 literature reviews and 36 studies in this review. The 36 studies included 11 intervention studies, 20 descriptive studies, two experimental studies, and three studies evaluating assessments. Most of the studies were focussing on children with cerebral palsy and autism in the contexts of home, hospital, and primary school. There were no intervention studies, focusing on secondary and/or tertiary level of education or work. Moreover, we have not found any evidence from German speaking Europe.

Conclusion

In order to support the use of Augmentative and Alternative Communication and to enable participation of persons with complex communication needs, various endeavours are needed: in the practice of care settings interprofessional collaboration is required. Further research is needed in order to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions, focussing on youth and the contexts of secondary and/or tertiary education or work, or on assessments.
Atrial fibrillation: A review of modifiable risk factors and preventive strategies
Authors: Shamloo Alireza Sepehri , Dagres Nikolaos , Arya Arash , Hindricks Gerhard
Published: January 2019

Atrial fibrillation (AF), as the most common cardiac arrhythmia worldwide, is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Successful therapeutic strategies have been introduced so far, but they are associated with significant costs. Therefore, identification of modifiable risk factors of AF and the development of appropriate preventive strategies may play a substantial role in promoting community health and reducing health care system costs. Modifiable cardiovascular risk factors including obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obstructive sleep apnea, alcohol consumption, smoking, and sedentary lifestyles have been proposed as possible contributors to the development and progression of AF. In this review, we discuss the role of modifiable risk factors in the development and management of AF and the evidence for the underlying mechanism for each of the potential risk factor.
Sivas İlindeki Bazı Süt İşletmelerine Gelen Sütlerin Ağır Metal İçeriklerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: Beykaya Mehmet , Yıldırım Zeliha , Özbey Ayşe , Yıldırım Metin
Published: January 2019

Bu araştırmada Sivas ve yöresinde bulunan 5 süt fabrikasının depo tankından temin edilen 50 adet süt örneğinde ağır metallerden kadmiyum (Cd), bakır (Cu), krom (Cr) ve kurşun (Pb) içerikleri incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda süt örneklerinin Cd, Cu ve Cr içeriklerinin sırasıyla 8,896, 33,69 ve 31,81 Âµg/kg düzeyinde olduğu saptanmıştır. Süt örneklerin %92‘inde Pb miktarının tespit edilebilir limitin altında, %8‘inde ise 304,1-503,4 Âµg/kg olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Kırsal Bölgelerde Tarımsal Atıkların Kontrolü ve Yenilenebilir Biyokütle Enerji Teknolojileri İle Sera Gazı Emisyonlarının Azaltım Potansiyelinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Gönen Çağdaş
Published: January 2019

Günümüzde birbiriyle doğrudan ilişkisi olan “enerji üretimi” ve “küresel iklim değişikliği ile mücadele” çözüm bekleyen en önemli çevresel problemlerin başında gelmektedir. Yenilenebilir ve sürdürülebilir enerji kaynakları bu problemin çözümü için en uygun alternatifleri sunmaktadır. Türkiye‘de önemli bir hammadde potansiyeli olan yenilenebilir ve sürdürülebilir enerji kaynaklarından “Biyokütle enerjisi”; biyogazdan elektrik üretiminde, biyodizel, biyoetanol, biyobütanol gibi biyoyakıt üretiminde ve gazifikasyon-yakma teknolojisinden elektrik üretimi gibi teknolojilerde kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada; başlıca ekonomik kaynağı tarım ve hayvancılık olan Niğde‘nin Çukurkuyu beldesinde tarımsal faaliyetlerden oluşan tarımsal atıkların yenilebilir elektrik enerjisi üretim yöntemlerinden biri olan yakma teknolojisi ile değerlendirilmesi hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmada beldede oluşan atıklardan yenilenebilir elektrik enerjisi üretimi için fizibilite çalışması yapılmış ve elde edilen verilerle yenilenebilir elektrik üretim potansiyeli belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca bu çalışmada hammadden üretilen elektrik enerjisinin fosil yakıt denkliği belirlenerek sera gazı emisyonu azaltım potansiyeli ortaya konmuştur. Böylelikle hem tarımsal atık yönetimi yapılırken hem de fosil yakıtlara alternatif olarak yenilenebilir kaynaklardan enerji üretimi belirlenmiştir.
Determination of The Most Suitable Type of Fresh Milk in Istanbul Province
Authors: Uzundumlu Ahmet Semih
Published: January 2019

The data in this study was provided from 400 households in the Kucukcekmece District of Istanbul Province in 2011. Unclustered Proportional Sampling Method was used to determine the sample size of the study. The primary objective of this study was to identify the most suitable type of milk for consumers. In determining the most appropriate type, four criteria were taken into account. These criteria are hygiene, shelf-life, nutritional content, and price. Based on the data, milk consumption was 30.2 L per annum per capita in Istanbul Province. The households consist of about 3.7 individuals, and they give importance to hygiene by 26.4 percent, shelf-life by 26.7 percent, nutritional content by 29.6 percent and price by 17.2 percent. 55.3 percent of the households prefer UHT (long of shelf-life Tetra Pac packaged milk which heat-treated range of 135-150Â°C in a short period of 2-4 seconds) milk, 28.5 percent prefer Pasteurized milk, and 16.2 percent prefer Raw milk. Also, while households gave more importance to price and nutrient content at the raw and pasteurized milk, shelf life and hygiene content at UHT milk. Considering these criteria, the most suitable type of milk for the consumers was UHT milk. As a result, the national companies marketing pasteurized milk in the research area need advertisement works that inform the consumers regarding pasteurized milk.
Photodynamic therapy for vulvar leukoplakia
Authors: Artemyeva T. Р. , Tzerkovsky D. A.
Published: January 2019

The aim of study is to evaluate the tolerability and eﬀectiveness of photodynamic therapy as an organ‑preserving treatment in patients with vulvar leukoplakia. 50 patients with a verifed diagnosis of «vulvar leukoplakia» were included in the study. The age varied from 27 to 74 years. The method of treatment assumed the use of the photosensitizer рhotolon (RUE «Belmedpreparaty», Belarus) administered intravenously in doses of 1.8–2.5 mg/kg. Photoirradiation of pathological foci was carried out 2.5–3 hours after intravenous injection of photolon® using a semiconductor laser «UPL PDT» (LEMT, Belarus, λ=661 nm) at exposure doses from 30 to 100 J/cm2 with a power density of 100–170 mW/cm2. The treatment was performed under medical anesthesia. The results of treatment were evaluated using clinical data. Adverse reactions and complications after the introduction of the photosensitizer and photoirradiation have not been observed. Complete clinical regression of the treated pathological foci was noted in 100% of cases with a follow‑up observation 1 month after the treatment. At follow‑up after 3 months, local recurrences of the disease were detected in 4 cases, which were successfully treated with repeated photo‑dynamic therapy sessions. The percentage of complete regressions was 92%, partial – 8%. The obtained results allow judging on the possibility of using photodynamic therapy in the treatment of patients with vulvar leukoplakia, which allows to preserve the organ and obtain a satisfactory functional and cosmetic result.
Pemberian Sludge Palm Oil (SPO) dan Penggunaan Metode Tanam Hazton, Sri dan Konvensional terhadap Produksi dan Hasil Padi
Authors: Handayani Emilia Farida
Published: January 2019

Alokasi kegiatan pengembangan tanaman pangan tahun 2016 Â Provinsi Kalimantan Â BaratÂ  selain mengembangkan padi Hazton sebanyak 44.500 hektar juga kegiatan padi organik seluas 160 hektar. Metode tanam Â Hazton merupakan metode yang baru diterapkan dan belum semua petani mengaplikasiÂ  metode tanam tersebut. Pertanian organik sulit dilaksanakan karena petani mengalami kesulitan dalam pengadaan bahan organik.Â  Sludge palm oil yang merupakan limbah pabrik minyak kelapa sawit banyak terdapat di Kalimantan Barat dapat dijadikan pupuk organik. Tujuan penelitian Â adalah untuk mengetahui pemberian sludge palm oil dan beberapa metode tanam terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman Â padi. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kelompok Â faktorial terdiri dari dua faktor yaitu pemberian sludge palm oil terdiri atas 5 taraf yaitu 0,10,20,30 dan 40 ton.ha-1 dan dan metode tanam yang terdiri atas 3 taraf yaitu Hazton, SRI dan konvensional. Jumlah total perlakuan adalah 15 kombinasi pelakuan, tiap perlakuan diulang lima kali sehingga diperoleh 75 satuan percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian sludge palm oil dan metode tanam memberikan interaksi yang nyataÂ  untuk variabel pengamatan tinggi tanaman, berat kering gabah kering dan berat 1000 biji. Sedangkan jumlah anakan, jumlah malai dan berat basah berangkasan batang berpengaruh nyata tetapi tidak terdapat interaksi.
THE â€œVAT-EN-SITâ€ UNIONS AS A THREAT TO THE STABILITY OF AFRICAN MARRIAGE IN SOUTH AFRICA: AFRICAN THEOLOGICAL PASTORAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Baloyi Magezi Elijah
Published: January 2019

A serious issue, that needs to be addressed if we wish to achieve moral regeneration in South Africa, is the devaluation of the institution of marriage in the African community in South Africa. Attempts to inculcate the upcoming generation with norms and values are hampered because marriage is not regularised among black people and can, therefore, not solve African problems. This paper identifies the so-called â€œvat-en-sitâ€ custom or cohabitation as a factor that threatens and violates marriage. Although other factors also undermine marriage, this paper focuses on vat-en-sit because it puts African marriage under serious attack. This paper argues from an African-Christian perspective that marital unions which have not been legalised in accordance with African values do not only undermine the institution of marriage, but also attempt to destroy marriages that conform to African legal values.
Euripidesâ€™ Medea and Jason: A Study in the Social Power of Love
Authors: Ackah Kofi
Published: January 2019

Euripidesâ€™Â MedeaÂ resonates with modern issues in intimate relationships. However, little has been written on this, especially from the social-psychological perspective. This paper explores the breakdown of the Jason-Medea marriage in terms of the social-psychological theory of love as an exchange in a power game in which a certain degree of imbalance in the exchange could account for such a breakdown. I analyse theÂ MedeaÂ text in terms of Olson and Cromwellâ€™s (1975) tripartite theoretical framework, namely: (a) theÂ basesÂ on which social power is built; (b) theÂ processesÂ by which social power is wielded; and (c) theÂ outcomesÂ produced by the use of social power. I find thatÂ MedeaÂ carried a greater burden of love towards Jason than Jason did towards her, fuelled and sustained by her enduring and greater need for security and happiness. And in intimate relationships, the principle of least interest (Waller and Hill 1951) works: the beloved tends to dominate the lover. Jason, however, overreached himself when he violated the minimum conditions of his own desirability â€“ fidelity to and respect for Medea. I conclude that Medeaâ€™s violent reaction to Jasonâ€™s conduct indicates the fragility of love as a basis of social power in intimate relationships.
Racism and the Marginality of African Philosophy in South Africa
Authors: Dladla Ndumiso
Published: January 2019

The following article begins with a brief discussion on the continuity of white supremacy in South Africa, despite wide attempts by the institutions of opinion (public discourse, journalism and academe) to represent the present time as non-racial or post-racial. After a discussion of the contemporary context the focus turns specifically to the relevance of race and racism to philosophy and the implications this has for African philosophy in particular. The article then briefly examines the history of Western education and the practice of philosophy in South Africa from the point of view of African philosophy and its marginality in South Africa.Â
Mbembe at the Lekgotla of Foucault’s Self-Styling and African Identity
Authors: Tembo Josias
Published: January 2019

Achille Mbembe’s article “African Modes of Self-Writing” (2001), which is a precursor to his book On the Postcolony (2001), challenges essentialist conceptions of African identity and their theoretical and political poverty, and in turn offers a fluid conception of African subjectivities. Reviewing anti-colonial and postcolonial theories of African identity, Mbembe contends that dominant notions of African identity are tropes of Nativism and Afro-radicalism premised on historicist thinking, which lead to a dead-end. He utilises Michel Foucault’s notion of self-styling and argues that, contrary to Nativist and Afro-radicalist notions of African identity—which deny African subjects spaces or sites of autonomous actions that constantly constitute their identities—African subjects in Mbembe’s view are existential works of art forged through the practices of the self. Critique on Mbembe’s “African Modes of Self-Writing” and On the Postcolony has been dominated by the polarities of essentialist and anti-essentialist views of African identity and their socio-political and material consequence. Except for Jewsiewicki (2002), none has interrogated Mbembe’s appropriation of Foucault’s notion of the practice of liberty or self-styling and its theoretical and political consequence on Mbembe’s conception of the socio-political and cultural freedom of the African subjects. It is the aim of this essay to interrogate Mbembe’s narrow appropriation of Foucault’s conception of self-styling and its consequent problematic theorisation of African identity as enacted by practices of the self. By way of introduction, I will contextualise Mbembe’s critique of African modes of imagining African identity, before I analyse his bounded appropriation of Foucault’s notion of self-styling, and conclude by exposing his consequent problematic conception of African practices of freedom.