bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrapodal Pentadentate Ligands: Single Site Reactivity and Bond Activation in Iron(II) Complexes
Authors: Grohmann Andreas
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Synthesis: A Recent Advancement in the Field of Synthetic Chemistry. Part 2. Applications
Authors: Dwivedi S. , Dubey R. , Dwivedi A. , Kaul S. , Gupta P.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Unusual Phthalocyanines and Naphthalocyanines
Authors: Hanack Michael , Iqbal Zafar , Lyubimtsev Alexey , Oezcesmeci Ibrahim , Oezcesmeci Mukaddes , Ziegler Thomas
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Acid Hydrolysis of Cellulose as the Entry Point into Biorefinery Schemes
Authors: Rinaldi Roberto , Schueth Ferdi
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem in situ Generation and 1,5‐Electrocyclization of N‐Hetaryl Nitrilimines: A Facile Methodology for the Synthesis of Annulated 1,2,4‐Triazoles and Their Acyclo C‐Nucleoside
Authors: Shawali Ahmad Sami
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Utility of Thiocarbohydrazide in Heterocyclic Synthesis
Authors: Ali Tarik El‐Sayed
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Hydrolysis of Terminal Isopropylidene Ketals
Authors: Mahalingam Sakkarapalayam M. , Mishra Bijay K. , Pati Hari N.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Asymmetric Intramolecular Mizoroki—Heck Reaction in Natural Product Total Synthesis
Authors: Dounay Amy B. , Overman Larry E.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: C2‐Ketol Elongation by Transketolase‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: Wohlgemuth Roland
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advance in Asymmetric Alkynylation of Ketones
Authors: Lin Li , Wang Rui
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Alkynylation Reactions of Aldehydes Using a Zn(OTf)2‐Chiral Ligand‐Base System
Authors: Tyrrell Elizabeth
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Asymmetric Alkynylation of Imines
Authors: Blay G. , Monleon A. , Pedro J. R.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleic Acid Guided Assembly of Aromatic Chromophores
Authors: Malinovskii Vladimir L. , Wenger Daniel , Haener Robert
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Artemisinin and Its Derivatives: A Novel Class of Antimalarial and Anticancer Agents
Authors: Chaturvedi Devdutt , Goswami Abhishek , Saikia Partha Pratim , Barua Nabin C. , Rao Paruchuri G.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymer Organogelators that Make Supramolecular Organogels Through Physical Cross‐Linking and Self‐Assembly
Authors: Suzuki Masahiro , Hanabusa Kenji
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclodextrin‐Based Bioactive Supramolecular Assemblies
Authors: Chen Yong , Liu Yu
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Intermolecular Oxidative Cross‐Coupling of Arenes
Authors: Ashenhurst James A.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Amino Sugars and Their Mimetics via 1,2‐Oxazines
Authors: Pfrengle Fabian , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Biodegradation Studies of Ionic Liquids
Authors: Coleman Deborah , Gathergood Nicholas
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploiting [2 + 2] Cycloaddition Chemistry: Achievements with Allenes
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Aragoncillo Cristina
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Pressure Fluid‐Phase Equilibria: Experimental Methods and Systems Investigated (2000‐2004)
Authors: Dohrn Ralf , Peper Stephanie , Fonseca Jose M. S.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Antiaging Research Using klotho Mice
Authors: Manya Hiroshi , Akasaka‐Manya Keiko , Endo Tamao
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: anti‐Aging Research Using Mn‐SOD Conditional Knockout Mice
Authors: Shimizu Takahiko , Shirasawa Takuji
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: anti‐Aging Research Using SMP30/GNL Knockout Mice
Authors: Ishigami Akihito
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enhancement of Antibody‐Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity by Tandem Fc Multimerization
Authors: Nagashima Hiroaki , Masuho Yasuhiko
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Creation of TNFR1‐Selective Antagonist and Its Therapeutic Effects
Authors: Nomura Tetsuya , Abe Yasuhiro , Yoshioka Yasuo , Nakagawa Shinsaku , Tsunoda Shin‐ichi , Tsutsumi Yasuo
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Porous Organic Polymers: Distinction from Disorder
Authors: Trewin Abbie , Cooper Andrew I.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Trends in Solid Phase Spectrometry: 2003‐2009
Authors: Matsuoka Shiro , Yoshimura Kazuhisa
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquids in Analytical Chemistry
Authors: Sun Ping , Armstrong Daniel W.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High‐Performance, Superparamagnetic, Nanoparticle‐Based Heavy Metal Sorbents for Removal of Contaminants from Natural Waters
Authors: Warner Cynthia L. , Addleman R. Shane , Cinson Anthony D. , Droubay Timothy C. , Engelhard Mark H. , Nash Michael A. , Yantasee Wassana , Warner Marvin G.
Published: May 2010

We describe the synthesis and characterization of high‐performance, superparamagnetic, iron oxide nanoparticle‐based, heavy metal sorbents, which demonstrate excellent affinity for the separation of heavy metals in contaminated water systems (i.e., spiked Columbia River water). The magnetic nanoparticle sorbents were prepared from an easy‐to‐synthesize iron oxide precursor, followed by a simple, one‐step ligand exchange reaction to introduce an affinity ligand to the nanoparticle surface that is specific to a heavy metal or class of heavy metal contaminants. The engineered magnetic nanoparticle sorbents have inherently high active surface areas, allowing for increased binding capacities. To demonstrate the performance of the nanoparticle sorbents, river water was spiked with specific metals and exposed to low concentrations of the functionalized nanoparticles. In almost all cases, the nanoparticles were found to be superior to commercially available sorbent materials as well as the unfunctionalized iron oxide nanoparticles.
Electrochemical Functionalization of 1,3‐Diisopropylbenzene
Authors: Bohn Martin A. , Hilt Gerhard , Bolze Patrick , Gürtler Christoph
Published: May 2010

The anodic oxidation of 1,3‐diisopropylbenzene in methanol gave exclusively the desired dimethoxy‐functionalized product in excellent yield when potassium bromate was utilized as supporting electrolyte. Similar electrochemical conversions in other alcoholic solvents were not successful based on the low conductivity of the mixture. The introduction of other alcohols could then be realized when the dimethoxy derivative was converted under SN1 conditions in alcohols used as solvent. Thereby, higher alcohols could be introduced in moderate yields and acceptable selectivities.
Role of medial prefrontal NMDA receptors in spatial delayed alternation in 19‐, 26‐, and 33‐day‐old rats
Authors: Jablonski Sarah A. , Watson Deborah J. , Stanton Mark E.
Published: May 2010

Long–Evans rats were trained on spatial delayed alteration (SDA) in a T‐maze following medial prefrontal cortical (mPFC) infusions of different doses of the noncompetitive NMDA‐receptor antagonist, MK‐801 (.125 µl; .25 µl; or .25 µlsaline, bilaterally), on postnatal day (PND) 19, 26, or 33. Pups trained on PND 19 showed almost no learning of SDA, regardless of drug condition (including saline). On PND 26, both doses of MK‐801 significantly and equivalently prevented SDA learning, with performance during the final three training blocks remaining near chance levels, in contrast with 85% correct performance in the saline control group. On PND 33, substantial SDA learning was evident regardless of dose, although a modest impairment appeared in mid‐training at both doses. These findings confirm previous reports of mPFC involvement in the early postnatal ontogeny of SDA and suggest a developmentally transient role of mPFC NMDA‐receptor function in this task. Dev. Psychobiol. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 583–591, 2010.
Expression patterns of the Wtx/Amer gene family during mouse embryonic development
Authors: Comai Glenda , Boutet Agnes , Neirijnck Yasmine , Schedl Andreas
Published: May 2010

WTX/AMER1 is a novel negative regulator of the WNT/β‐catenin pathway with mutations detected in Wilms' tumors and an X‐linked sclerosing bone dysplasia. WTX/AMER1 (Fam123b) shares several domains of homology with two other recently identified proteins: AMER2 (Fam123a) and AMER3 (Fam123c). Here, we describe an in‐depth expression analysis of all three members of this gene family during mouse embryonic development. All genes were strongly expressed in the central as well as the peripheral nervous system, thus suggesting important roles of this gene family during neurogenesis. Specific expression was found in the retina, inner ear, and nasal epithelium. Outside of the nervous system Wtx/Amer1 showed the broadest expression domains including cephalic and limb mesenchyme, skeletal muscle, bladder, gonads, lung bud, salivary glands, and the kidneys. The widespread expression pattern of Wtx/Amer1, together with its role as a modulator of the Wnt signaling pathway, suggest that Wtx/Amer1 serves pleiotropic roles during mammalian organogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 239:1867–1878, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The missense mutation W290R in Fgfr2 causes developmental defects from aberrant IIIb and IIIc signaling
Authors: Mai S. , Wei K. , Flenniken A. , Adamson S. L. , Rossant J. , Aubin J. E. , Gong S.‐G.
Published: May 2010

Missense mutations in the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 (FGFR2) have been identified in human craniosynostotic syndromes such as Crouzon (CS) and Pfeiffer (PS). FGFR2 has two major isoforms, IIIb and IIIc, generated through alternative splicing with their own temporal, spatial, and ligand‐binding specificities. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of a missense mutation in codon 290 of murine Fgfr2 (W290R). The defects in W290R mutants are suggestive of disruption of signalling in both IIIb and IIIc isoforms of the Fgfr2 gene. Heterozygous mutants presented with features resembling those found in patients with CS. Fgfr2W290R homozygotes displayed constitutive FGFR2 activation with increased, but correct tissue‐specific, expression of the IIIb and IIIc isoforms in many of the defective organs. Our Fgfr2W290R mouse model thus represents an excellent mouse model of CS to probe the many questions around the pathogenesis of craniosynostotic birth defects consequent to defects in FGF signaling. Developmental Dynamics 239:1888–1900, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Embryonic expression of the chicken krüppel‐like (KLF) transcription factor gene family
Authors: Antin Parker B. , Pier Maricela , Sesepasara Terry , Yatskievych Tatiana A. , Darnell Diana K.
Published: May 2010

The Krüppel‐like transcription factors (KLF) are zinc finger proteins that activate and suppress target gene transcription. Although KLF factors have been implicated in regulating many developmental processes, a comprehensive gene expression analysis has not been reported. Here we present the chicken KLF gene family and expression during the first five days of embryonic development. Fourteen chicken KLF genes or expressed sequences have been previously identified. Through synteny analysis and cDNA mapping, we have identified the KLF9 gene and determined that the gene presently named KLF1 is the true ortholog of KLF17 in other species. In situ hybridization expression analyses show that in general KLFs are broadly expressed in multiple cell and tissue types. Expression of KLFs 3, 7, 8, and 9, is widespread at all stages examined. KLFs 2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 15, and 17 show more restricted patterns that suggest multiple functions during early stages of embryonic development. Developmental Dynamics 239:1879–1887, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Tlx2‐Cre mouse line uncovers essential roles for hand1 in extraembryonic and lateral mesoderm
Authors: Maska Emily L. , Cserjesi Peter , Hua Lisa L. , Garstka Meghan E. , Brody Heather M. , Morikawa Yuka
Published: May 2010

Hand1 regulates development of numerous tissues within the embryo, extraembryonic mesoderm, and trophectoderm. Systemic loss of Hand1 results in early embryonic lethality but the cause has remained unknown. To determine if Hand1 expression in extraembryonic mesoderm is essential for embryonic survival, Hand1 was conditionally deleted using the HoxB6‐Cre mouse line that expresses Cre in extraembryonic and lateral mesoderm. Deletion of Hand1 using HoxB6‐Cre resulted in embryonic lethality identical to systemic knockout. To determine if lethality is due to Hand1 function in extraembryonic mesoderm or lateral mesoderm, we generated a Tlx2‐Cre mouse line expressing Cre in lateral mesoderm but not extraembryonic tissues. Deletion of Hand1 using the Tlx2‐Cre line results in embryonic survival with embryos exhibiting herniated gut and thin enteric smooth muscle. Our results show that Hand1 regulates development of lateral mesoderm derivatives and its loss in extraembryonic mesoderm is the primary cause of lethality in Hand1‐null embryos. genesis 48:479–484, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molybdenum Complexes Bearing (Bi)thienyl‐ or Arylthienyl‐Substituted π‐Conjugated Spacers: Synthesis, Electrochemical, Spectroscopic and Nonlinear Optical Properties
Authors: Fonseca António M. , Belsley Michael , Gomes Etelvina Matos , Castro M. Cidália R. , Raposo M. Manuela M.
Published: May 2010

A series of complexes trans‐[FMo(N=NCHL)(dppe)2][BF4] {L = (bi)thienyl or arylthienyl}, were synthesized and fully characterized by 1H, 13C, 31P NMR, IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The electronic spectra and electrochemical behavior of the complexes were investigated. The electronic absorption spectra of these complexes display a broad low‐energy band in the visible region attributable to metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer (MLCT) transitions. The electron‐conjugated effect with the heterocyclic nucleus led to a notable improvement of visible light absorption and marked changes in the electrochemical behavior. The hyperpolarizabilities β of the synthesized compounds were evaluated using the hyper‐Rayleigh scattering technique.
tele Nucleophilic Substitutions of Hydrogen in m‐(Trichloromethyl)nitrobenzenes with Cyano and Ester Carbanions
Authors: Surowiec Marek , Belekos Dimitris , Mąkosza Mieczysław , Varvounis George
Published: May 2010

Stabilized carbanions of malonates, 2‐phenylacetonitrile, or isopropyl 2‐phenylacetate add to m‐(trichloromethyl)nitrobenzene derivatives to form σH adducts that lose a chloride ion to give intermediate exo‐dichloromethylene nitrocyclohexadienes. These undergo re‐aromatization through 1,5‐hydrogen shift to yield tele substitution mono adducts. Depending on the stoichiometry of the nitroarene to the carbanion, further addition of the nucleophile to the tele mono adduct can yield a mixture of products that are either double or triple adducts. At low temperature, the σH adducts undergo direct 1,2‐addition in competition with chloride ion elimination/1,5‐hydrogen shift.
A Green and Efficient Asymmetric Aldol Reaction Catalyzed by a Chiral Anion Modified Ionic Liquid
Authors: Qian Yunbo , Zheng Xin , Wang Yongmei
Published: May 2010

A chiral anion modified ionic liquid derived from L‐proline proves as a green and efficient asymmetric organocatalyst for direct asymmetric aldol reactions in [BMIm]BF4 at room temperature. The corresponding aldol products with moderate to good isolated yields (up to 99 %), anti‐diastereoselectivities (up to 97:3), and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99 % ee) were afforded. Recycling of the catalyst and solvent ([BMIm]BF4) was possible up to four runs with a slight reduction in activity.
Biotechnology for the production of essential oils, flavours and volatile isolates. A review.
Authors: Gounaris Y.
Published: May 2010

Various applications of biotechnological methods for the production of volatile compounds useful to the food and pharmaceutical industries are discussed. The yields obtained from intact or genetically modified plants are compared to those achieved by microbial methods. Plant yields are too low for the products to compete commercially to those synthesized chemically. Still lower yields are obtained with in vitro‐cultured plant tissues. Trangenic plants with altered methylerythritol path gave 50% more essential oil in the best case. The 100‐fold increases in shikimate‐derived volatiles, obtained with overexpressed alcohol dehydrogenase and five‐fold more C6 volatle aldehydes and 2‐phenylethanol, were produced with overexpressed lipoxygenase and 2‐phenylethanol dehydrogenase, respectively. However, the most spectacular yields were observed with biotransformations catalysed by microorganisms. Kluyveromyces marxianus, produces over 26 g/l 2‐phenylethanol from phenyalanine, whereas Candida sorbophila, Mucor circillenoides or Yarrowia lipolytica can produce 5–40 g/l γ‐decalactone from ricinoleic acid. Vanillin production from ferulic acid is in the range 12–60 g/l with Amycolatopsis and Streptomyces species. Vanillin can be produced at 5 g/l by Escherichia coli and amorphadiene yields of 37 g/l have been observed with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, both with the genetically overexpressed methyl–erythritol path. Genetically engineered β‐oxidation genes result in yields of 10 g/l γ‐decalactone by Yarrowia lipolytica and up to 80 g/l dicaboxylic acids by various yeasts. These results far exceed the theoretical limit of about 1 g/l required for consideration of a procedure as a commercially interesting process, alternative to chemical sythesis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A genomic strategy for the functional validation of colorectal cancer genes identifies potential therapeutic targets
Authors: Grade Marian , Hummon Amanda B. , Camps Jordi , Emons Georg , Spitzner Melanie , Gaedcke Jochen , Hoermann Patrick , Ebner Reinhard , Becker Heinz , Difilippantonio Michael J. , Ghadimi B. Michael , Beissbarth Tim , Caplen Natasha J. , Ried Thomas
Published: May 2010

Genes that are highly overexpressed in tumor cells can be required for tumor cell survival and have the potential to be selective therapeutic targets. In an attempt to identify such targets, we combined a functional genomics and a systems biology approach to assess the consequences of RNAi‐mediated silencing of overexpressed genes that were selected from 140 gene expression profiles from colorectal cancers (CRCs) and matched normal mucosa. In order to identify credible models for in‐depth functional analysis, we first confirmed the overexpression of these genes in 25 different CRC cell lines. We then identified five candidate genes that profoundly reduced the viability of CRC cell lines when silenced with either siRNAs or short‐hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), i.e., HMGA1, TACSTD2, RRM2, RPS2 and NOL5A. These genes were further studied by systematic analysis of comprehensive gene expression profiles generated following siRNA‐mediated silencing. Exploration of these RNAi‐specific gene expression signatures allowed the identification of the functional space in which the five genes operate and showed enrichment for cancer‐specific signaling pathways, some known to be involved in CRC. By comparing the expression of the RNAi signature genes with their respective expression levels in an independent set of primary rectal carcinomas, we could recapitulate these defined RNAi signatures, therefore, establishing the biological relevance of our observations. This strategy identified the signaling pathways that are affected by the prominent oncogenes HMGA1 and TACSTD2, established a yet unknown link between RRM2 and PLK1 and identified RPS2 and NOL5A as promising potential therapeutic targets in CRC.
Elevated serum matrix metalloproteinase 7 levels predict poor prognosis after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Szarvas Tibor , Becker Markus , vom Dorp Frank , Meschede Jan , Scherag André , Bánkfalvi Ágnes , Reis Henning , Schmid Kurt W. , Romics Imre , Rübben Herbert , Ergün Süleyman
Published: May 2010

Elevated matrix metalloproteinase‐7 (MMP‐7) tissue expression and serum concentration have been shown to be associated with cancer progression and metastasis. The aim of our study was to assess the prognostic value of preoperative circulating MMP‐7 levels in serum samples of patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. Furthermore, we compared the serum MMP‐7 levels between patients with organ confined and metastatic prostate cancer. MMP‐7 levels were measured in 93 patients with localized prostate cancer, 13 patients with distant bone metastasis and in sera of 19 controls using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The results were compared to the clinical follow‐up data. We did not find any significant difference in MMP‐7 serum levels between patients and controls (p = 0.268). Circulating MMP‐7 serum concentration was significantly elevated in patients with distant metastasis (p < 0.001). For the detection of distant prostate cancer metastasis, using a cut‐off value of 3.7 ng/ml, a specificity of 69% and a sensitivity of 92% were observed. Multivariate analysis identified high MMP‐7 serum concentration as an independent risk factor for prostate cancer‐related death both in a preoperative and a postoperative model (p = 0.003 and 0.018, respectively). Furthermore, the evaluation of predictive models revealed that addition of serum MMP‐7 levels to the preoperatively available predictors improves prognostic accuracy (the concordance index increased from 0.631 to 0.734 when MMP‐7 was included). Based on these, we concluded that MMP‐7 is a potential marker to identify patients with metastatic prostate cancer. In clinically localized prostate cancer, MMP‐7 may provide independent prognostic information, thereby helping to optimize therapy decisions.
β‐Catenin and NF‐κB cooperate to regulate the uPA/uPAR system in cancer cells
Authors: Moreau Marie , Mourah Samia , Dosquet Christine
Published: May 2010

Expression of the urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) has recently been shown to be directly regulated by the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway in colon cancer cells, through β‐catenin binding to T‐cell factor binding element motifs present in their gene promoters. In our study, we present evidence that inhibition of β‐catenin causes upregulation of uPA/uPAR gene expression enhancing invasive potential. Using MCF‐7, MDA‐MB‐231 (breast cancer cells) and SW480 (colon cancer cells), we found that siRNA‐mediated silencing of β‐catenin increased uPA, uPAR and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) expression at the mRNA and protein levels. This increase was responsible for the observed enhanced invasive capacity of MDA‐MB‐231 and SW480 cancer cells. In addition, β‐catenin stabilization and accumulation by lithium chloride treatment, a well‐known inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β), or by β‐catenin/T‐cell factor‐4 expression vectors transfection led to a decrease in uPA, uPAR and PAI‐1 mRNA expression in the studied cancer models. Treatment of β‐catenin siRNA‐transfected cells with a specific inhibitor of nuclear factor‐kappaB (NF‐κB), SN50, significantly reduced enhancement of uPA, uPAR and PAI‐1 expression and cancer cell invasion, observed in β‐catenin siRNA‐transfected cells. Furthermore, β‐catenin siRNA‐treated cells exhibited NF‐κB nuclear accumulation. These data suggest that β‐catenin regulates the uPA/uPAR system in cooperation with NF‐κB transcription factor, which constitutes a novel mechanism of regulation.
Genotoxicity evaluation of two kinds of smoke‐water and 3,7‐dimethyl‐2H‐furo[2,3‐c]pyran‐2‐one
Authors: Trinh Cécile , Gevaert Lieven , Kohout Ladislav , Van Staden Johannes , Verschaeve Luc
Published: May 2010

Smoke, smoke‐water and aerosols have a stimulatory effect on seed germination and growth vigour of many seedlings, making them potentially useful for different purposes, provided they do not pose a health risk. Therefore, the genotoxicity of two kinds of smoke‐water and 3,7‐dimethyl‐2H‐furo[2,3‐c]pyran‐2‐one, a variant of the most active smoke compound (3‐methyl‐2H‐furo[2,3‐c]pyran‐2‐one) was evaluated using the Vitotox™ assay. Smoke‐water extracts were obtained from burning leaves: Themeda triandra (smoke‐water Tt) and a mix of Themeda triandra and Passerina vulgaris (smoke‐water Kb). No genotoxic effect was observed for any of the three samples. However, the three samples are toxic at the highest concentrations (3,7‐dimethyl‐2H‐furo[2,3‐c]pyran‐2‐one, 2 ppm; smoke‐water Tt, dilutions 1 : 1, 1 : 2, 1 : 4; smoke‐water Kb, dilution 1 : 1) without addition of S9 mix. Both the butenolide 3,7‐dimethyl‐2H‐furo[2,3‐c]pyran‐2‐one and smoke‐water Tt are also toxic at high doses in the presence of S9 (2 ppm and dilutions 1 : 1 and 1 : 2, respectively), but not smoke‐water Kb. Thus, from these results, no genotoxicity of these three samples can be assumed, which is accordance with the previous tests performed with 3‐methyl‐2H‐furo[2,3‐c]pyran‐2‐one and a smoke‐water. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of dentine smear layer on the performance of self‐etching adhesive systems: A micro‐tensile bond strength study
Authors: Senawongse Pisol , Srihanon Anyarat , Muangmingsuk Amara , Harnirattisai Choltacha
Published: May 2010

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the smear layer on the micro‐tensile bond strength when two self‐etching adhesives were used with different techniques. Flat dentine surfaces were prepared using either medium grit diamond burs or tungsten carbide burs. Ten specimens from each prepared surfaces were subjected for smear layer evaluation under SEM. Forty specimens from each of the prepared surfaces were further divided into two groups, bonded with either Clearfil SE Bond (SE) or Clearfil S3 Bond (S3) using one of four applications (as manufacturer's instructions, agitation, reapplication, and increased application time), restored with composites and subjected to a micro‐tensile bond strength test. Smear layers created with diamond burs were thicker than those created with tungsten carbide burs. Surfaces prepared with tungsten carbide burs produced a higher bond strength than those prepared with diamond burs and the same type of adhesive resin. SE demonstrated a higher bond strength than S3 for all surfaces. S3 applied with the agitation technique demonstrated a higher bond strength to dentine prepared with tungsten carbide and diamond burs than that applied with other techniques. SE applied with increased time on dentine treated with carbide burs produced the highest bond strength. In conclusion, a thick smear layer decreased bond strength to dentine, and this might be improved by modification of application technique. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
Rosiglitazone inhibits monocyte/macrophage adhesion through de novo adiponectin production in human monocytes
Authors: Tsai Jaw‐Shiun , Chen Ching‐Yu , Chen Yuh‐Lien , Chuang Lee‐Ming
Published: May 2010

Rosiglitazone (RSG) has a variety of actions on both insulin sensitization and anti‐atherogenic effects. The molecular effect of RSG on monocyte/macrophage function in terms of de novo synthesis of adiponectin is not fully understood. Here, we examined the regulation of adiponectin expression in human monocytes/macrophages by RSG and its function on monocyte adhesion during initiation of atherosclerosis. Adiponectin expression in monocytes and macrophages was studied by RT‐PCR, quantitative real‐time PCR, Western blot, and immunocytochemistry. Signal transduction and adhesion molecules were studied in order to describe the function of de novo synthesized adiponectin in monocyte adhesion. Adiponectin was expressed and upregulated during monocyte differentiation. The expression of adiponectin was enhanced, albeit at a much lesser degree, by a peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist RSG, which was similar to what was found in adipocytes. Monocyte adhesion was remarkably reduced when the cells were treated with RSG for 12 h. This inhibitory effect of RSG was abolished by specific anti‐adiponectin antibodies but not by non‐immune immunoglobulin G in a serum‐free condition. Adiponectin‐induced suppression on monocyte adhesion was inhibited by a selective AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor compound C. The reduced expression and/or function of adhesion molecule integrins may underlie the mechanism contributing to reduced monocyte adhesion upon AMPK activation. Our data suggest that the inhibitory effect of RSG on monocyte adhesion might be at least in part through de novo adiponectin expression and activation of an AMPK‐dependent pathway, which might play an important role in atherogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 1410–1419, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanisms regulating the nuclear translocation of p38 MAP kinase
Authors: Gong Xiaowei , Ming Xiaoyan , Deng Peng , Jiang Yong
Published: May 2010

p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) is of fundamental importance in a cell's response to environmental stresses, cytokines and DNA damage. p38 resides in the cytoplasm of resting cells, and translocates into the nucleus upon activation, yet the exact mechanisms remain largely unclear. We show here that the phosphorylation‐dependent nuclear translocation of p38 is a common phenomenon when cells are stimulated with various stresses. On the other hand, the nuclear export of p38 requires its dephosphorylation, and it is exported both in a MK2‐dependent and a nuclear export signal (NES)‐independent manner. Although different p38‐regulated/activated protein kinase (PRAK) mutants all dictate the intracellular localization of p38, results from a PRAK‐deficient cell line indicate that it plays no role in this process. Microtubule depolymerizing reagent nocodazole and dynein inhibitor EHNA both block the nuclear translocation of p38, demonstrating roles for microtubules and dynein in p38 transport. Taken together, stress‐induced nuclear accumulation of p38 is a phosphorylation‐dependent, microtubule‐ and dynein‐associated process. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 1420–1429, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The expression of functional toll‐like receptor 4 is associated with proliferation and maintenance of stem cell phenotype in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs)
Authors: He Jin , Xiao Zhilin , Chen Xiaobin , Chen Meifang , Fang Li , Yang Mei , Lv Qingshan , Li Yuehui , Li Guancheng , Hu Jinyue , Xie Xiumei
Published: May 2010

Endothelial dysfunction is involved in various cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to re‐endothelialization and neo‐vascularization, and the increase of EPCs in peripherial circulation benefits the prognosis of cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about the biological stimuli that initiate the proliferation and the maintenance of stem cell phenotype of EPCs. Here we reported that human umbilical vein blood derived EPCs expressed gene transcripts coding for Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 1–6, TLR8–10, TLR4 co‐receptor CD14, and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), a TLR adaptor molecule. Protein expression of TLR2, 4, CD14, and MyD88 was also detected by FACS or Western blot. The activation of TLR4 by LPS modulated the expression of TLRs, induced the phosphorylation of NF‐κB, P38, and ERK42/44, and up‐regulated the gene expression of cytokines IL‐8, IFN‐α, IFN‐β, and TNF‐α, suggesting EPCs expressed functional TLR4. Unexpectedly LPS treatment failed to induce apoptosis in EPCs, but instead promoted cell proliferation of EPCs. Furthermore, the treatment of EPCs with LPS up‐regulated stem cell markers AC133 and CD34 in both mRNA and protein levels, and down‐regulated the protein expression of differential marker eNOS. These results suggested that TLR4 functions to maintain the stem cell phenotype of EPCs and enlarge its population, which reveals a novel aspect of the multiple‐faced TLR biology, and may open new prospects for using TLR4 agonists to promote the production of EPCs for clinical use. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 179–186, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HTLV‐1 basic leucine‐zipper factor, HBZ, interacts with MafB and suppresses transcription through a Maf recognition element
Authors: Ohshima Takayuki , Mukai Risa , Nakahara Norie , Matsumoto Jun , Isono Osamu , Kobayashi Yusuke , Takahashi Satoru , Shimotohno Kunitada
Published: May 2010

HTLV‐1 infection causes adult T‐cell leukemia (ATL). The development of ATL is thought to be associated with disruption of transcriptional control of cellular genes. HTLV‐1 basic leucine‐zipper (bZIP) factor, HBZ, is encoded by the complementary strand of the provirus. We previously reported that HBZ interacts with c‐Jun and suppresses its transcriptional activity. To identify the cellular factor(s) that interact with HBZ, we conducted a yeast two‐hybrid screen using full‐length HBZ as bait and identified MafB. HBZ heterodimerizes with MafB via each bZIP domain. Luciferase analysis revealed a significant decrease in transcription through Maf recognition element (MARE) in a manner dependent on the bZIP domain of HBZ. Indeed, production of full‐length HBZ in cells decreased the MARE‐bound MafB protein, indicating that HBZ abrogates the DNA‐binding activity of MafB. In addition, HBZ reduced the steady‐state levels of MafB, and the levels were restored by treatment with a proteasome inhibitor. These results suggest a suppressive effect of HBZ on Maf function, which may have a significant role in HTLV‐1 related pathogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 187–194, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of RANBP16 and RANBP17 as novel interaction partners for the bHLH transcription factor E12
Authors: Lee Jun‐Ho , Zhou Shengli , Smas Cynthia M.
Published: May 2010

The ubiquitously expressed basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) transcription factors E12 and E47, products of alternative splicing of the E2A/TCF3 gene, regulate diverse biological processes including cell growth, differentiation and development. To search for novel protein interactions for E12, we utilized the bHLH domain of E12 as a bait in yeast two‐hybrid screening. Yeast two‐hybrid, mammalian two‐hybrid, and co‐immunoprecipitation analyses demonstrate specific interaction of E12 with RANBP17, a novel member of the importin‐β superfamily; this interaction maps to the CRM1 homology region of RANBP17. Ectopic expression of RANBP17 leads to a ∼3‐fold increase in E2A/MyoD mediated transactivation of an E‐box regulated luciferase reporter gene. Interaction and transactivation studies also revealed similar functions for RANBP16/XPO7. Furthermore, ectopic expression of either RANBP16 or RANBP17 resulted in increased level of endogenous transcript for the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor, p21Waf1/Cip1, a well‐characterized E2A target gene. Together, these biochemical and functional data reveal RANBP16 and RANBP17 as novel regulators of E2A protein action. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 195–206, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanisms of adiponectin‐mediated COX‐2 induction and protection against iron injury in mouse hepatocytes
Authors: Lee Fei‐Peng , Jen Chih‐Yu , Chang Chih‐Cheng , Chou Ying , Lin Heng , Chou Chih‐Ming , Juan Shu‐Hui
Published: May 2010

Adiponectin (APN)‐mediated cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 induction is known to have various protective effects on cardiovascular diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms of APN‐mediated COX‐2 induction and its protection against iron‐mediated injury in hepatocytes are still unclear. Herein, we show that AMP‐mediated peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)α activation was attributable to COX‐2 induction by APN, which was further confirmed by identifying novel functional PPAR responsive elements (PPREs) in the mouse COX‐2 promoter region. Prostaglandin (PG)I2 and PGE2, metabolites of COX‐2, time‐dependently increased in hepatocytes treated with APN. Interestingly, beraprost and misoprostol, respective agonists for PGI2 and PGE2, mimicked the protective effects of APN in iron‐mediated inflammation in hepatocytes. The iron dextran‐activated nuclear factor (NF)‐κB pathway was correlated with the increased production of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor‐α, intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, and monocyte chemotactic protein‐1. This was eliminated by administration of APN, whereas blockage of PPARα activation, an upstream regulator of COX‐2 induction by APN, and COX‐2 activation reversed the anti‐inflammatory effect of APN, suggesting the crucial role of COX‐2 in this event. Herein, we demonstrate that APN‐mediated COX‐2 induction through a PPARα‐dependent mechanism, and COX‐2 exerted an anti‐inflammatory effect of APN in hepatocytes subjected to iron challenge. J. Cell. Physiol. 224: 837–847, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reactive oxygen species control senescence‐associated matrix metalloproteinase‐1 through c‐Jun‐N‐terminal kinase
Authors: Dasgupta Jaya , Kar Supriya , Liu Rong , Joseph Joy , Kalyanaraman Balaraman , Remington S. James , Chen Ceshi , Melendez J. Andres
Published: May 2010

The lifetime exposure of organisms to oxidative stress influences many aging processes which involve the turnover of the extracellular matrix. In this study, we identify the redox‐responsive molecular signals that drive senescence‐associated (SA) matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1) expression. Precise biochemical monitoring revealed that senescent fibroblasts increase steady‐state (H2O2) 3.5‐fold (13.7–48.6 pM) relative to young cells. Restricting H2O2 production through low O2 exposure or by antioxidant treatments prevented SA increases in MMP‐1 expression. The H2O2‐dependent control of SA MMP‐1 is attributed to sustained JNK activation and c‐jun recruitment to the MMP‐1 promoter. SA JNK activation corresponds to increases and decreases in the levels of its activating kinase (MKK‐4) and inhibitory phosphatase (MKP‐1), respectively. Enforced MKP‐1 expression negates SA increases in JNK phosphorylation and MMP‐1 production. Overall, these studies define redox‐sensitive signaling networks regulating SA MMP‐1 expression and link the free radical theory of aging to initiation of aberrant matrix turnover. J. Cell. Physiol. 225: 52–62, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A study on protonation equilibria in a series of amino‐1‐(substituted phenyl)pyrazoles
Authors: Garrone A. , Tironi C. , Fruttero R. , Gasco A.
Published: May 2010

The ionization constants (proton gain) of 3‐,4‐, and 5‐amino‐1‐(substituted phenyl)pyrazoles, have been measured in 10% v/v ethanol‐water. pKa values show a good linear dependence on Hammett substituent constants. The reaction constants Q are in keeping with the respective protonation sites in the three series of monocations. The uv spectra of 1‐(m‐nitrophenyl)pyrazole and 1‐(p‐methoxyphenyl)pyrazole and of their 3‐amino, 4‐amino, 5‐amino analogues recorded in acidic and neutral media, show that in the three series the first protonation site does not change with change in substituent at phenyl ring.
A stereochemical investigation of 2‐methyl‐ and 2,5‐dimethyl‐3‐phenyl‐1,3‐oxazolidines using NMR
Authors: Nishiyama Tomihiro , Nishikawa Takahiro , Yamada Fukiko
Published: May 2010

The stereochemical properties of two 2‐methyl‐3‐phenyl‐1,3‐oxazolidines and two of its 5‐methyl substituted and four of its 2,5‐dimethyl substituted derivatives have been investigated by pmr and cmr methods. The compounds of 2,5‐dimethyl‐3‐phenyl‐1,3‐oxazolidines exist in isomeric cis and trans forms at the two methyl groups on the heterocyclic ring.