bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rêve et contre-transfert en ethnopsy : Le thérapeute « métissé »
Authors: Pierre Danièle
Published: March 2015

Résumé Que se passe-t-il quand il nous arrive de rêver « à la manière culturelle » de nos patients ? Au cœur même de notre contre-transfert, nous faisons l’expérience d’une sorte de « métissage » de nos théories respectives. Nous pensons qu’il s’agit là d’un signe fort que la rencontre transféro-contre-transférentielle est possible, par delà les frontières culturelles.
Positions interculturelles du chercheur dans la construction de la méthodologie : à propos d'une recherche en France et au Québec
Authors: Kim Min-Sung
Published: March 2015

Résumé À travers d’une recherche en cours de réalisation en France et au Québec qui porte sur les processus identitaires de familles migrantes coréennes et des enfants de la deuxième génération, cet article présente brièvement la construction de la méthodologie et quelques résultats préliminaires. Adoptant des approches multiples comme les dynamiques langagières de la population ainsi que les modèles d’intégration des pays d’accueil, cette recherche suscite l’intrication des situations interculturelles dans lesquelles le chercheur se (re)trouve. Ce dernier constituant lui-même d’une complexité interculturelle, nous proposons une analyse sur son implication dans cette démarche épistémologique qui met en perspective trois pays.
Migrants au Brésil
Authors: Pastori Suzana Souza
Published: March 2015

Résumé Ce travail a été développé à partir de la clinique auprès des patients issus de la région rurale de l’Amazonie brésilienne. D’abord, nous ferons une présentation du contexte historique et culturel de la ville de Belém, où cette expérience a eu lieu. Ensuite, nous présenterons un cas clinique, afin de mieux comprendre l’origine de la souffrance psychique de la patiente, laquelle, nous avons fait l’hypothèse de l’existence d’un fort lien entre l’étrangeté des événements advenus avant la mort de sa mère et l’héritage culturel ancestral, ce qui caractérise la région.
Fonctions symboliques de l'allaitement au Maghreb
Authors: Douze-Barkaoui Hella
Published: March 2015

Résumé L’allaitement au sein engage la vie affective de la mère, la représentation qu’elle se fait du bébé (symbolique et imaginaire) et ne concerne pas uniquement le développement de l’enfant. L’allaitement n’est pas un épiphénomène dans la vie d’une femme, mais un acte charnel spécifique, inséré dans une histoire affective, traversé de fantasmes et porteur d’une fonction symbolique. L’usage du lait maternel déborde en effet largement le cadre de la relation biologique de maternité. Au Maghreb, l’allaitement a une double fonction symbolique : il intègre la séparation entre la mère et l’enfant en introduisant un tiers symbolique dans l’inconscient maternel et il contribue à affilier symboliquement l’enfant au lignage maternel.
À propos du métis et du métissage (XVIII-XX e siècle)
Authors: Triole Laurette
Published: March 2015

Résumé Le siècle des Lumières français est connu pour son goût prononcé des dictionnaires et encyclopédies en tous genres, allant du simple manuel, comme celui de l’abbé Prévost à l’entreprise extraordinaire de Diderot et d’Alembert, je veux bien entendu faire allusion à l’ Encyclopédie . Le XIX e siècle, quant à lui, se veut plus synthétique dans sa façon de traiter certaines questions. Nous avons choisi de nous intéresser, dans un premier temps, à la lexocographie du « métis » et du « métissage » durant ces deux siècles à partir des dictionnaires et encyclopédies édités afin d’analyser, dans un second temps, l’idéologie qui accompagne ces tentatives de définition.
Le seppuku , mort volontaire ou sacrifice rituel ?
Authors: Anröchte Cyprien
Published: March 2015

Résumé Bien que la vie et la mort soient antonymes, la pensée religieuse, à travers ses mythes et ses divinités, naît de l’interaction entre ces deux états. Dans le bouddhisme, la vie ne s’oppose pas à la mort, mais se définit comme une étape préparatoire à la celle-ci, car la qualité des actions va déterminer le devenir de la conscience. L’existence est alors un cheminement, parfois entravé par le doute et le désir, vers la perfection des actes. Le seppuku serait-il donc une mort volontaire motivée par une éthique individuelle ? L’étude qui suit prend appui sur la place du seppuku dans l’histoire du Japon, puis en propose une nouvelle compréhension au travers d’une analyse transculturelle Ce texte insiste sur la relativité de la liberté de l’individu au sein de processus qui visent à conserver une homéostasie sociale. Nous pouvons alors penser la fonction du rite comme un palliatif à la souffrance du groupe.
Addiction et agressivité chez les adolescents en échec scolaire : approches cognitive, psychodynamique et interculturelle
Authors: Karray Amira , Derivois Daniel
Published: March 2015

Résumé Ce travail tente d’apporter un éclairage cognitif et psychodynamique aux phénomènes d’addiction et d’agressivité chez les adolescents migrants, de migrants ou « tout venant » confrontés à l’échec scolaire en France. Nous poursuivons deux objectifs. Le premier vise à évaluer le lien entre style cognitif et disposition émotionnelle. Le second porte sur les caractéristiques intrapsychiques et interculturelles sous-jacentes au lien addiction-agressivité-échec scolaire. La recherche est structurée en trois phases : une première phase exploratoire quantitative, une deuxième phase quantitative plus ciblée sur le fonctionnement cognitif et affectif des adolescents, et une troisième qualitative basée sur l’analyse clinique psychopathologique et interculturelle du matériel recueilli. Il s’agit, au final, de comprendre ce qui se joue à travers l’échec scolaire et la répétition des conduites addictives et agressives.
En Argentine, des saints au bord des chemins : Difunta Correa, Gauchito Gil et San La Muerte
Authors: Rolland Dominique
Published: March 2015

Résumé Dans les provinces d’Argentine, la ferveur populaire s’adresse à des saints de proximité, généralement des gens du peuple sanctifiés parce que décédés de façon injuste, violente et prématurée. Il s’agit souvent de gauchos bandits d’honneur assassinés, mais aussi de femmes du peuple, mères exemplaires et dévouées, et parfois d’emprunts à des croyances autochtones guarani. Leurs morts tragiques les placent, pense-t-on, en position d’intercesseurs pour transmettre efficacement les prières des personnes en difficulté. Leur popularité croissante s’explique par une situation économique aggravée et le sentiment que les élites, comme les pouvoirs publics sont indifférents ou cyniques face à la misère du peuple. Ces saints populaires sont perçus comme plus accessibles et plus fraternels. Sur le plan religieux, ces cultes, étudiés dans la région nord-est, sont traversés par des influences multiples : culture autochtone guarani, héritage catholique des missions jésuites de la région, apports afro-brésiliens de l’État proche du Paraná. Trois exemples sont présentés ici : la Difunta Correa, le Gauchito Gil et San La Muerte.
La question culturelle dans l'adoption internationale
Authors: Skandrani Sara , Harf Aurélie , Mestre Claire , Moro Marie Rose
Published: March 2015

Résumé La revue de la littérature internationale sur l’adoption révèle que l’identité dite ethnique des enfants adoptés représente un thème récurrent des recherches anglo-saxonnes, alors qu’elle est absente des recherches françaises. Cet article présente une revue critique du concept d’identité ethnique, l’inscrivant dans le contexte culturel et politique américain, et le déconstruisant à partir des approches postcoloniales. La recherche anglo-saxonne a cependant le mérite de soulever la question des appartenances culturelles multiples et de la construction identitaire des enfants adoptés, question qui représente de fait une préoccupation des familles que nous recevons en clinique. Dans cet article, nous proposons de conceptualiser l’identité des enfants adoptés comme multiple, plurielle et profondément subjective, en nous appuyant sur les concepts de métissage de Marie Rose Moro et de François Laplantine.
Rêves et pensées traditionnelles : apaiser les orages d'une relation mère - fille
Authors: Pierre Danièle
Published: March 2015

Résumé Apaiser : tel sera le premier effet de l’interprétation culturelle dans l’histoire de Soukaïna. Cette jeune fille d’origine marocaine, adoptée à la naissance par un couple belgo-marocain sans enfant, a été hospitalisée quasi sans interruption en psychiatrie de ses quatorze à ses dix-huit ans pour troubles graves du comportement. Dès notre première rencontre, l’interprétation des rêves et l’évocation des étiologies traditionnelles vont permettent de reconstruire l’histoire de la jeune fille et de sa mère adoptive. La vision du monde traditionnelle marocaine offre un véritable « berceau culturel » pour tisser les liens d’une relation nouvelle. La clinique ethnopsy, et en particulier la rencontre de théories culturelles différentes concernant les rêves, nous amène à repenser nos propres théories, en référence à la psychanalyse freudienne.
La vie psychique de l'Histoire. Fanon et le temps fracturé de la mémoire
Authors: Beneduce Roberto
Published: March 2015

Résumé Au-delà de toute célébration, la pensée de Frantz Fanon demeure essentielle non seulement pour ce qu’elle nous dit de l’aliénation linguistique ou du sujet dans la colonie, et des mensonges, clivages et ambivalences que nourrit celle-ci, mais aussi pour ce qu’elle anticipe de la postcolonie : les contradictions des élites et des classes politiques dans les Etats postcoloniaux, l’impact durable de la violence sur les liens sociaux, les incertitudes de ses protagonistes (les immigrés, les réfugiés). Se dessine en particulier avec Fanon une nouvelle relation structurelle entre Histoire, pouvoir et psychisme, dont sa clinique annonce la trajectoire : soigner la souffrance psychique ne deviendra possible que si on prend en charge l’Histoire et le besoin de rédemption des vaincus, des damnés, autrement dit si la cure est capable de gérer la dialectique individuelle et collective entre mémoire et oubli et de faire face au déni du passé qui voile souvent la rencontre entre nos sociétés et ceux qui viennent d’ailleurs.
Une approche contextuelle du traumatisme en psychothérapie : aux frontières des pensées systémiques et géopolitiques cliniques
Authors: Délèze Mireille
Published: March 2015

Cet article propose d’envisager la prise en charge des personnes migrantes présentant des symptômes traumatiques de façon holistique et complémentariste. Dans la vignette clinique présentée, l’approche ethnopsychiatrique, ou plus précisément la géopolitique clinique, et la pensée systémique sont utilisées conjointement. L’individu est considéré comme un acteur porteur d’un savoir et de ressources. Le traumatisme complexe est appréhendé au sens large. Le processus psychothérapeutique permet en quelque sorte au patient de donner du sens à l’impensable. Une prise en charge globale intégrant les aspects politiques, culturels, sociaux et le vécu psychocorporel implique un réel travail de collaboration avec d’autres professionnels, thérapeutes contemporains et traditionnels. Les pensées sous jacentes et les techniques utilisées par le thérapeute sont décrites.
Expériences de retrait au Japon :
Authors: Pionnié-Dax Nancy
Published: March 2015

L’auteur présente quelques données concernant le phénomène du hikikomori au Japon recueillies dans la littérature ou qui résultent d’échanges interculturels avec des équipes japonaises de psychiatrie et d’anthropologie dans le cadre d’un groupe de réflexion pluridisciplinaire. Elle questionne la place de la psychiatrie dans ce phénomène, ainsi que les éléments contextuels socio-économiques et culturels.
Myopic Keratomileusis Following Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Swinger Casimir A , Barker Barbara A
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Autoplastic or homoplastic myopic keratomileusis was performed on three eyes that had previously undergone radial keratotomy with marked undercorrection postoperatively. Both keratomileusis procedures were able to provide further optical correction. Corrections of 9.5 D, 9.5 D and 5.75 D were obtained, and the accuracies were consistent with current results for myopic keratomileusis on previously unoperated eyes.
Undercorrected Radial Keratotomy Treated with Myopic Keratomileusis
Authors: Nordan Lee T , Havins Weldon E
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Myopic Keratomileusis (MKM) after undercorrected Radial Keratotomy (RK) is a viable surgical modality for the correction of the post-RK residual myopia.
Clinical Results of Trapezoidal Astigmatic Keratotomy
Authors: Lavery G William , Lindstrom Richard L
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Eighteen eyes in seventeen patients ranging from 46 to 83 years of age underwent Ruiz trapezoidal astigmatic keratotomies. Two eyes underwent repeat astigmatic keratotomies. Preoperative regular astigmatism ranged from 3.50 to 13.00 diopters by keratometry. Nine of the eyes had high regular astigmatism after penetrating keratoplasty, six eyes following cataract surgery, and three eyes with no previous history of surgery. The amount of astigmatism change by keratometry at three month followup ranged from 1.25 to 11.75 diopters. Regression of the effect was not observed. The amount of astigmatism change was inversely proportional to the size of the optical zone as in radial keratotomy. Additionally, greater effects were achieved in patients with advanced age.
Deitz-Retzlaff-Sanders (DRS™) Formulas: Determination of Radial Keratotomy Surgical Parameters
Authors: Sanders Donald R , Retzlaff John , Deitz Michael R
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: The Deitz-Retzlaff-Sanders (DRS™) series of formulas provides a method for ophthalmic surgeons to estimate the amount of surgery required for individual radial keratotomy (RK) patients and to modify this estimation based on their own surgical techniques. The first formula calculates optical zone size based on patient information, amount of myopia to be corrected, and incision depth factor. The second formula calculates expected myopia decrease based on optical zone size to be used, patient information, and the surgeon's own incision depth factor. The third formula and program is used to calculate incision depth factor and to personalize the surgeon's individual depth factor, thus enabling the RK surgeon to tailor and to individualize the DRS formulas for his own surgical technique.
Review: The Changing Status of Radial Keratotomy for Myopia: Part I
Authors: Waring George O
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: The basic principles of radial keratotomy for myopia were described in 1898: radial incisions flatten the cornea in the direction of the incision, deep incisions are more effective, and some of the resuit diminishes as the cornea heals. Most surgeons now agree on optical zone diameters between 3.0 and 4.0 mm, four to eight incisions, and use of a diamond micrometer knife, but consensus has not been reached on the value of deepening incisions and on how to use preoperative variables in designing the operative technique.
Myopic Keratomileusis: Early Experience
Authors: Maxwell W Andrew , Nordan Lee T
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: An evaluation of the first consecutive 23 myopic keratomileusis (MKM) procedures of one of the authors is presented. The average preoperative myopia was -10.2 ± 3.24 diopters and the average postoperative myopia was +0.10 ±1.58 diopters. The average refractive change was -10.09 diopters. Comparing the desired refractive result to the achieved result shows a mean correction of 100.7%. Thirteen of 23 eyes (57%) were within +1.0 diopters of emmetropia and 20 of 23 eyes (87%) were within ±2.0 diopters of emmetropia. The average preoperative cylinder measured 1.13 diopters and the average postoperative cylinder was 1.38 diopters. A success rate defined as uncorrected acuity of 20/50 or better was achieved in 85% of the patients during the time course of this study. Visual recovery was rapid. The high success rate and predictabilty is accounted for by improvements in the cryolathe, such as digital readouts and change in the cutting tool configuration, and improvements in the computer program. Guidance from an experienced cryolathe surgeon was also invaluable. With meticulous attention to detail, particularly with the microkeratectomy, and if an ophthalmic microsurgeon is willing to make a significant commitment to learning the technique, myopic keratomileusis can effectively correct moderate to high degrees of myopia.
Computerized Radial Keratotomy Predictability Programs
Authors: Sanders Donald R
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Five commercially available methods of predicting the outcome of radial keratotomy have been compared with regard to recommended surgical methods, derivation, hardware requirements, availability, cost, ease of use, and prediction of outcome. Data on each system was obtained from advertising literature, materials supplied by vendors, hands-on experience, and other software users. A series of hypothetical cases were used to determine the differences between formulas with regard to the relative effects of optical zone size, incision depth, degree of myopia, age, sex, IOP, and keratometry. In spite of the limitations of these formulas in terms of predicting outcome, the use of one of them is worthy of serious consideration.
Review: The Changing Status of Radial Keratotomy for Myopia. Part II
Authors: Waring George O
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: The basic principles of radial keratotomy for myopia were described in 1898: radial incisions flatten the cornea in the direction of the incision, deep incisions were more effective, and some of the result diminished as the cornea healed. Most surgeons now agree on clear zone diameters between 3.0 and 4.0 mm, four to eight incisions, and the use of a diamond micrometer knife, but consensus has not been reached on the value of deepening incisions and on how to use preoperative variables in designing the operative technique.
Efficacy of Surgical Modifications in Myopic Epikeratophakia
Authors: Suarez Enrique , Arffa Robert C , Salmeron Bayardo , Verity Steven M , Klyces Stephen D , McDonald Marguerite B , Kaufman Herbert E
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: A new modification of the surgical technique for myopic epikeratophakia involves creating a peripheral lamellar dissection in the recipient stroma at the base of the keratectomy and increasing the graft/bed disparity such that the tissue lens is 1.5 mm larger in diameter than the trephined bed. Tissue lenses of three powers sewn onto adult African green monkey eyes demonstrated changes in refractive error closer to the predicted values, fewer folds in the host cornea, more central flattening effect, and less astigmatism.
Radial Keratotomy Using Central Pachymetry
Authors: Villasenor Richard A , Swinger Casimir A , Cox Kerry C
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Radial keratotomy using only central pachymetry has shown to provide adequate depth of incisions and good clinical result. There were no anterior chamber perforations and achieved depth factor was 95%. A nomogram used by the authors is presented. The technique is easy to perform and may be done in a nonsterile technique preoperatively.
Homoplastic Keratomileusis for the Correction of Myopia
Authors: Swinger Casimir A , Villaseñor Richard A
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: The authors performed primary homoplastic myopic keratomileusis (MKM) on ten eyes with a minimal followup of three months. The mean preoperative refractive error was -15.13 diopters, Postoperatively, the mean myopia was -0.89 diopter. The surgical accuracy was 93% ± 8.6% with a correlation coefficient of 0.98. Refractive astigmatism was reduced by 0.52 diopter. All patients achieved their preoperative spectacle acuity except for one patient whose vision was reduced from 20/20 to 20/25. The authors conclude that primary homoplastic MKM warrants further investigation as an alternative to autoplastic MKM and myopic epikeratophakia.
Planar Lamellar Refractive Keratoplasty
Authors: Swinger Casimir A , Krumeich Jorg , Cassiday Daniel
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Satisfactory clinical results have been obtained with lamellar refractive keratoplasty (keratophakia, keratomileusis, and epikeratophakia). However, the techniques are accompanied by several disadvantages, most notably technical difficulty, inaccuracy, delayed visual rehabilitation, and excessive tissue destruction due to freezing or lyophilization. The author herein describes a new technique that is capable of producing lamellar refractive lenticules without the use of freezing or lyophilization, thereby maintaining cellular viability. The technique has a different theoretical and mechanical basis than cryorefractive surgery as presently performed. Laboratory investigation demonstrates that high refractive errors, both myopic and hyperopic, may be correctable by this method, while preserving the normal corneal architecture.
The Effects of Continuous Soft Contact Lens Wear After Radial Keratotomy in Cats
Authors: Insler Michael S , Ali Zulfiqar
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Radial keratotomy utilizing the American technique was performed on seven cat eyes. After six weeks both eyes were fitted with CSI extended wear soft contact lenses and corneal thickness and corneal vascularization analyzed. While the results of mean central corneal thickness were not significant, all experimental eyes showed some degree of vascularization (except those fitted three months after surgery). This complication following contact lens use must be closely monitored in patients with poor uncorrected visual acuity following radial keratotomy.
Keratometry in Epikeratophakia
Authors: Arffa Robert C , Klyce Stephen D , Busin Massimo
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: In keratomileusis and radial keratotomy, keratometry does not accurately reflect the change in refraction produced by the surgery. The authors report that this also occurs in patients undergoing epikeratophakia. The keratometer underestimates the clinically observed changes in refractive error, and changes in keratometry correlate poorly with changes in refraction. The reason for this lies partly in the method by which the keratometer estimates corneal refractive power. The authors attempted to improve the correlation between keratometry and refractive error by applying mathematical corrections to the keratometer measurements. The accuracy of these corrections was examined in three groups of patients who underwent epikeratophakia procedures: aphakic children, aphakic adults, and myopic adults. One correction, ΔD
1
, improved the estimation of change in refractive error in all three groups, while another, ΔDc, did so for two of the three groups. Neither correction significantly improved the correlation between the change in keratometry and the change in refractive error. The persistently poor correlation may be related to the irregularity of the corneal surface, the limited area of measurement by the keratometer, changes in refractive index, and changes in posterior corneal curvature. In addition, errors may occur in adjustment for vertex distance, or performing and recording measurements.
Myopic Keratomileusis: 74 Consecutive Non-Amblyopic Cases With One Year of Follow-up
Authors: Nordan Lee T , Fallor Martin K
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Myopic keratomileusis (MKM) was performed on 96 patients in order to correct moderóte to severe myopia. Of the 80 non-amblyopes who underwent MKM, 74 were followed for at least 1 year postoperatively and the results are presented. These 74 patients had preoperative myopia which changed from -4.50 D to -14.00 D, average preoperative best corrected acuity of 20/25, and average postoperative uncorrected acuity of 20/40 - . The major complications encountered in this series of MKM patients was irregular astigmatism (9%). The authors present their experiences with the techniques of MKM, the postoperative course, and the results of their initial, consecutive series of MKM patients.
Case Report: Progressive Hyperopia Following 4-Incision and 8-Incision Keratotomy
Authors: Salz James J
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Deitz and Sanders have recently reported delayed progressive hyperopia following 8-incision and Í6-incision radial keratotomy (RK) in 31% of 109 patients. This report describes a 47-year-old male patient whose original refraction was OD - 3.50 diopters and OS -4.50 diopters. He underwent 4incision RK in the right eye and 8incision RK in the left eye and had a spherical equivalent refraction at one year near piano in both eyes. Two years later, his spherical equivalent refraction was +2.25 diopters in the right eye and +2.75 diopters in the left, thus demonstrating that the phenomenon of progressive hyperopia is possible following 4incision RK.
New Instrument: Co-Axial Optical Centering Device
Authors: Bolton Craig A , Madison Tommy
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: A new type of optical centering device, designed by Madison Optical, Inc., has been used in a clinical refractive surgical practice. The LED light of the optical centering device is projected through one ocular of the operating microscope to give a small yellow reflex on the patienfs cornea, which is in the direct visual axis of the patient's macula and the operating surgeon's macula.
Contact Lens Fitting After Radial Keratotomy: One Year Results
Authors: Hofmann Robert F , Starling Jay C , Masler William
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Contact lens fitting after failed radial keratotomy surgery is analyzed in 32 eyes. Factors such as type of residual refractive error, age, and contact lens style are discussed. The fitting philosophy for an increased chance of success is also presented.
Corneal Iron Lines After Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Davis Richard M , Miller Richard A , Lindstrom Richard L , Doughman Donald J , Nelson J Daniel
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Seventy-three eyes of 49 patients were reviewed from the Prospective Evaluation of Radial Keratotomy (PERK) files of the University of Minnesota for the development of corneal iron lines. Following radial keratotomy, 19.2% of eyes developed corneal iron lines between 6 months and 2 years postoperatively. The frequency of iron lines was significantly greater in eyes with myopia ranging from -4.50 diopters to - 8.00 diopters when compared to eyes with myopia ranging from -2.00 diopters to -4.25 diopters. The mean change in central keratometry was significantly greater in eyes that developed corneal iron lines, The authors hypothesize that alterations in corneal topography resulting from radial keratotomy lead to deposition of corneal iron.
Penetrating Keratoplasty After Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Beatty Richard F , Robin Jeffrey B , Schanzlin David J
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Irregular astigmatism, separation of the radial incisions, and unique wound closure problems have occurred when performing penetrating keratoplasty on eyes that have undergone previous radial keratotomy. To better understand the characteristics of this procedure, penetrating keratoplasty was performed in human cadaver eyes that had previously undergone radial keratotomy. A variety of suturing techniques were tried in order to determine the most effective method of penetrating keratoplasty wound closure. Technical difficulties encountered in performing penetrating keratoplasty after radial keratotomy included: separation of the radial incisions during trephination, resulting in irregular wound edges and peripheral host corneal wound undermining; peripheral host corneal flaccidity with tissue segmentation; poor wound edge apposition; leakage at the junction of radial incisions with donor corneal tissue; and, anterior wound gape of the radial incisions after fixation of the graft with interrupted cardinal sutures. Recommendations made for performing penetrating keratoplasty after radial keratotomy include: the use of preplaced transverse sutures across each radial incision, one 0,5 mm peripheral to the graft wound and the other 1.0 mm from the corneal Hmbus; interrupted radial cardinal sutures between radial keratotomy incisions; meticulous closure of the radial keratotomy-graft wound junctions using a combination of apposition and overlying compression sutures. The double-crossed interrupted and the double-running antitorque suturing techniques were found to be the most effective methods of penetrating keratoplasty wound closure in eyes that have undergone previous radial keratotomy.
Corneal Thickness Changes During Ultrasound Pachymetry for Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Bolton Craig A , Herman Wesley K
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: The authors attempt to mimic the radial keratotomy (RK) environment and demonstrate temporal considerations regarding corneal thickness change. Four (4) eyes of human volunteers are used in this study all measured with the same ultrasound pachymeter to determine varying corneal thickness changes and how they relate to corneal hydration during 3 instances: 1) simple corneal exposure; 2) irrigation with balanced salt solution; and 3) application of sodium hyaluronate.
Posterior Scleral Support Operation Combined with Lens Extraction or Radial Keratotomy in High Myopia
Authors: Momose Akira
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT; Surgery to provide support to the posterior sclera with a single strip of lyophilized human dura for the prevention of further enlargement of the posterior staphyloma in high myopia has been performed in over 700 eyes since 1978. The surgery was combined with either the extraction of the crystalline lens or radial keratotomy to reduce the myopic refraction. In some of the cases, lowpower intraocular lenses (IOLs) were implanted after the removal of the crystalline lenses. In nearly all of the cases, the surgery successfully halted the advance of macular degeneration, while greatly reducing the myopia. Serious complications seldom developed.
Corneal Topography and Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Fleming Joseph F
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Computer scanning of twelve-ring photokeratoscopy yields corneal curvature measurements at multiple loci. In order to understand corneal changes resulting from radial keratotomy (RK), scanning of preoperative and postoperative photokeratographs was performed. Radial keratotomy flattens most of the cornea, but the greatest degree of flattening occurs centrally. Radial keratotomy also changes the nature of corneal asphericity. Instead of the peripheral flattening one observes with the normal cornea, peripheral steepening occurs after radial keratotomy. In comparing the effects of different optical zone sizes, the area of greatest activity is represented by rings one through five.
New Instrument: The RK Bridge
Authors: Krumeich Jörg H
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: A new device for radial keratotomy (RK)- called the RK bridge - is introduced. The instrument consists of a 14-mm diameter ring, known as the Thornton ring, to hold the globe, but has an eccentrical bridge to allow the surgeon to guide the RK knife, The resulting cuts are of even depth and vertical to the tangent of the corneal surface.
Radial Keratotomy in an Ophthalmology Residency Program
Authors: Braude Laurence S , McMahon Timothy T , Sanders Donald R
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: We evaluated prospectively the first ten consecutive cases of radial keratotomy performed by a staff physician and six third-year ophthalmology residents. All the eyes were to be corrected for myopia only. The uncorrected visual acuity postoperatively was 20/64 or better in eight of ten eyes. Complications included one microperforation without sequelae and two cases of glare at night.
Long-Term Loss of Effect of Myopic Epikeratophakia
Authors: Schlichtemeier William R , Arbegast Kay D
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Epikeratophakia has been advocated as a treatment for myopia. Because it may be reversible or exchangeable, it has been lauded as a possible treatment for even low myopia. We have presented seven patients who have demonstrated an early effect of the myopic epikeratophakia, only to lose most of their correction over the ensuing months. The results of seven surgeries are presented. Two possible causes of this loss of effect are discussed.
Comparative Results of 200 Consecutive Radial Keratotomy Cases Using Three Different Nomograms
Authors: Lavery F Linton
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: The results of 200 consecutive radial keratotomy cases, planned according to three different nomograms, are presented, Results are presented in terms of uncorrected visual acuity, proximity to emmetropia, and average myopia reduction for patients with low, moderate, and high preoperative myopia, Of the three nomograms used, the Thornton nomogram appears to produce marginally more predictable results.
Reoperations After Radial and Astigmatic Keratotomy
Authors: Hofmann Robert F
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Between January 1, 1983 and January 1, 1986, the author performed 820 radial keratotomy operations of 4, 6, 8, or 12 incisions for simple myopia or compound myopic astigmatism. The myopia ranged between -100 diopters and -7.00 diopters. The range of astigmatism was between 0.00 diopters and 4.50 diopters cylinder. The overall success rate in all classes combined for 20/40 or better uncorrected acuity was 84.1%. The reoperation rate was 4.5% in this series. The most common types of reoperation were redeepening, additional radials, decreasing optical zone, additional T-incisions, dehiscence repair, and pursestring suture steepening of secondary hyperopia. Emphasis in this analysis is placed on the evaluation and correction of inaccurate results from the primary surgery.
Corneal Topographic Response to Circumferential Keratotomies
Authors: Tripoli Nancy K , Cohen Kenneth L , Holman Ronald E
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: To standardize circumferential keratotomy as a clinically useful ke rato refractive procedure to alter astigmatism, this study investigated the corneal topographic response of 20 eye bank eyes to circumferential keratotomies. Five eyes received 30°, 60°, and 90° symmetrical keratotomies around each of four optic zones. Systematic corneal topographic change was evident in patterns which were repeated for all optic zones and keratotomy lengths, Clinical results can be evaluated against this model.
Spoke Keratotomy in Human Cadaver Eyes
Authors: Duffey Richard J , Tchah Hungwon , Lindstrom Richard L
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Spoke keratotomy was performed on human cadaver eyes in hopes of developing an incisional refractive surgical technique to correct higher degrees of myopia compared with radial keratotomy. This new incisional refractive technique produced less than half of the total corneal flattening produced by standard four- and eight-incision radial keratotomy and was technically more difficult to perform.
Results of Four- and Eight-Incision Radial Keratotomy for 6 to 11 Diopters of Myopia
Authors: Salz James J , Salz Mark Steven
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Results of four- and eight-single-pass incision radial keratotomy for high myopia (-6.00 to -11.63 diopters) are reported in 50 eyes. The mean preoperative spherical equivalent refractive error was - 7.06 diopters (D) and the mean postoperative spherical equivalent was -1.02 D. Fifty percent of the eyes were corrected to within ± 1 D of emmetropia and 38% achieved an uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better. The mean myopia reduction by age groups was as follows: 20 to 29 = 5.5 D; 30 to 39 = 6.1D; 40 to 49 = 6.5 D; over 50 = 7.5 D.
Radial Keratotomy As Seen Through Operated Eyes: Part II
Authors: Richmond Richard D
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: A 28-month follow-up of rodio) kerototomy, OS, and a 1-year follow-up of surgical revision of secondary hyperopia following RK, OD, are presented. This surgical revision was done by interrupted compression suture technigue, researched and developed at the University of Minnesota by Richard Lindstrom, MD and Tom Lindquist, MD, PhD. The author and subject of the study is a 53-year-old white male ophthalmologist.
The Fyodorov Technique of Hyperopia Correction by Thermal Coagulation: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Caster Andrew I
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Soviet physicians have developed a surgical technique which lessens or eliminates hyperopia and hyperopic astigmatism. The technique involves individual, deep applications of heat in the peripheral cornea, Over 2,000 human cases have been performed since 1984. Although the Soviet results are very promising, clinical introduction of the technique in the United States should not proceed until efficacy and safety have been confirmed.
Stimulation of Keratocyte Repopulation in Keratophakia Lenticules by Mesodermal Growth Factor
Authors: Rich L F , Haraguchi K H , Louiselle I
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Rabbit corneal stromal lenticules were prepared on a Barraquer cryolathe and soaked overnight in McCarey-Kaufman solution containing one of three concentrations of Mesodermal Growth Factor (MGF) or in sterile storage medium alone. The lenticules were implanted in rabbit corneas and allowed to heal for either 1 or 2 weeks; the animals were then sacrificed, and the operated corneas excised and processed for light microscopy. Counts of stromal fibroblasts in the formerly acellular implants were compared statistically; 250 µm/ml of MGF prompted more thorough repopulation (p<.05) by host keratocytes compared with controls.
Management of Overcorrection Following Astigmatic Keratotomy
Authors: Lindquist Thomas D , Williams Patricia A , Lindstrom Richard L
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Overcorrection may be seen following any surgical procedure designed to correct astigmatism. We describe a technique in which overcorrection following astigmatic keratotomy may be managed by reopening of astigmatic incisions followed by closure with interrupted compression sutures. The principal advantage of this technique is that it avoids placement of additional corneal incisions.
Demographic and Socioenvironmental Characteristics of Black and White Community-Dwelling Caregivers and Care Recipients’ Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia
Authors: Cothran Fawn A. , Farran Carol J. , Barnes Lisa L. , Whall Ann L. , Redman Richard W. , Struble Laura M. , Dunkle Ruth E. , Fogg Louis
Published: March 2015

The purpose of the current study was to compare the association between caregiver background characteristics and care recipients’ behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in Black and White community-dwelling family caregivers. Using logistic regression models, caregiver/care recipient dyad data from the Aging Demographics and Memory Study were used to describe associations between caregiver background characteristics (i.e., demographic and socioenvironmental variables) and care recipients’ BPSD (i.e., hallucinations, delusions, agitation, depression) (
N
= 755). Results showed that Black caregivers were more likely to be female, younger, an adult child, have less education, and live in the South (
p
≤ 0.05); they were less likely to be married. Several caregiver background characteristics were associated with care recipients’ depression and agitation, but not with other BPSD. Caregiver background characteristics may play a role in the recognition and reporting of BPSD and should be considered when working with families of individuals with dementia.

[Res Gerontol Nurs. 2015; 8(4):179–187.]
Notas taxonómicas y nomenclaturales en Centaurea: propuesta de clasificación, descripción de secciones y subsecciones nuevas, y lista de especies de una sección Centaurea redefinida
Authors: Hilpold A. , Garcia-Jacas N. , Vilatersana R. , Susanna A.
Published: March 2015

En este trabajo presentamos los resultados de nuestras investigaciones de larga fecha en el género Centaurea. La primera parte del trabajo trata de la clasificación del género, que proponemos dividir en tres subgéneros: subgénero Centaurea, subgénero Cyanus y subgénero Lopholoma. La segunda parte es una recopilación de las especies de la redefinida sección Centaurea, que incluye las antiguas secciones Acrolophus (sect. Centaurea s. str.), Phalolepis y Willkommia, junto con consideraciones geográficas, ecológicas y cariológicas. Por último, proponemos nuevas secciones, subsecciones y combinaciones para correlacionar nomenclatura y clasificación: proponemos una nueva (sect. Acrocentron subsect. Chamaecyanus) en el subgénero Lopholoma; se describen tres secciones nuevas (sects. Akamantis, Cnicus y Hyerapolitanae) en el subgénero Centaurea; dos subsecciones (subsects. Phalolepis and Willkommia) en la sección Centaurea; y tres subsecciones (subsects. Exarata, Jacea y Subtilis) en la sección Phrygia.
Biodiversidad, montañas y cambio climático
Authors: Rull V.
Published: March 2015

En este artículo se discute el origen y mantenimiento de la biodiversidad en las montañas tropicales, con énfasis en el Neotrópico, y se concluye que los patrones de biodiversidad de las biotas de gran altura no pueden ser explicados sin la acción combinada de la tectónica neógena y los cambios climáticos del Pleistoceno.
Precisiones nomenclaturales en Phlomis × composita Pau (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Ferrer-Gallego P. P. , Guara M. , Laguna E.
Published: March 2015

Se revisan algunos aspectos relacionados con la nomenclatura de Phlomis × composita. Se tipifica el nombre P. × composita Pau (Lamiaceae) a partir de material original de Pau, recolectado por Bourgeau en 1849 y conservado en el herbario del Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid. Se rechaza la anterior propuesta de tipificación de Mateu (1986) por ser incorrecta. Se propone un nuevo estatus taxonómico para el híbrido entre P. crinita subsp. crinita y P. lychnitis, bajo el rango de notosubespecie: P. × composita nothosubsp. trullenquei (Pau) P. P. Ferrer, Guara & E. Laguna, stat. nov.
Aplicación de la técnica de ruido electroquímico al estudio de pinturas comerciales de efecto barrera
Authors: Lanchas García-Zarco Santiago , Alfonsín Pérez Víctor , Suarez García Andrés , Urréjola Madriñán Santiago , Sánchez Bermúdez Ángel
Published: March 2015

La medida e interpretación del Ruido Electroquímico (REQ) es uno de los métodos de análisis utilizados para la interpretación del fenómeno de la corrosión. Presenta, frente a otros tipos de metodologías, una serie de ventajas como son su sencillez, bajo coste y el hecho de ser un método no perturbativo. Esta metodología se ha mostrado eficaz en el estudio de sistemas metal desnudo-electrolito combinada con otras técnicas de análisis. En este caso se aplicó al estudio de pinturas comerciales utilizadas en procesos de prevención de la corrosión de las que no se tenían otro tipo de información. Como principal resultado de este estudio se muestra la eficacia de la aplicación de la resistencia de ruido, ya verificada en ensayos a nivel de laboratorio, para explicar el comportamiento de sistemas de pinturas que actualmente se están utilizando en la industria.
Anti–IL-17 Therapy Restricts and Reverses Late-Term Corneal Allorejection
Authors: Yin Xiao-Tang , Zobell Stephanie , Jarosz Jason G. , Stuart Patrick M.
Published: March 2015

Corneal allograft rejection has been described as a Th1-mediated process involving IFN-γ production. However, recent evidence also implicated IL-17 as being involved in acute corneal allograft responses. Our data support that IL-17 is involved in early acute corneal allograft acceptance. However, we decided to extend these studies to include a later phase of rejection in which there is a peak of IL-17 production that is >15-fold higher than that seen during acute rejection and occurs >45 d postengraftment at the onset of late-term rejection. We demonstrate that neutralizing IL-17A at this time significantly reduced corneal graft rejection. Surprisingly, when corneal grafts that are undergoing this later phase of rejection are treated with anti–IL-17A, there is a reversal of both opacity and neovascularization. Compared with the early phase of rejection, the cellular infiltrate is significantly less, with a greatly reduced presence of Gr-1+ neutrophils and a relative increase in CD4+ T cells and macrophages. We went on to identify that the cells expressing IL-17 were CD4+ IL-17+ T cells and, somewhat surprisingly, IL-17+ F4/80+ macrophages within the rejecting corneal allografts. Taken together, these findings describe a distinct late phase of corneal allograft rejection that is likely mediated by Th17 cells; therapeutic neutralization of IL-17A reverses this rejection. This further suggests that IL-17 might serve as an excellent therapeutic target to reduce this form of corneal allograft rejection.
Mast Cells Play an Important Role in Chlamydia pneumoniae Lung Infection by Facilitating Immune Cell Recruitment into the Airway
Authors: Chiba Norika , Shimada Kenichi , Chen Shuang , Jones Heather D. , Alsabeh Randa , Slepenkin Anatoly V. , Peterson Ellena , Crother Timothy R. , Arditi Moshe
Published: March 2015

Mast cells are known as central players in allergy and anaphylaxis, and they play a pivotal role in host defense against certain pathogens. Chlamydia pneumoniae is an important human pathogen, but it is unclear what role mast cells play during C. pneumoniae infection. We infected C57BL/6 (wild-type [WT]) and mast cell–deficient mice (KitW-sh/W-sh [Wsh]) with C. pneumoniae. Wsh mice showed improved survival compared with WT mice, with fewer cells in Wsh bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), despite similar levels of cytokines and chemokines. We also found a more rapid clearance of bacteria from the lungs of Wsh mice compared with WT mice. Cromolyn, a mast cell stabilizer, reduced BALF cells and bacterial burden similar to the levels seen in Wsh mice; conversely, Compound 48/80, a mast cell degranulator, increased the number of BALF cells and bacterial burden. Histology showed that WT lungs had diffuse inflammation, whereas Wsh mice had patchy accumulations of neutrophils and perivascular accumulations of lymphocytes. Infected Wsh mice had reduced amounts of matrix metalloprotease-9 in BALF and were resistant to epithelial integral membrane protein degradation, suggesting that barrier integrity remains intact in Wsh mice. Mast cell reconstitution in Wsh mice led to enhanced bacterial growth and normal epithelial integral membrane protein degradation, highlighting the specific role of mast cells in this model. These data suggest that mast cells play a detrimental role during C. pneumoniae infection by facilitating immune cell infiltration into the airspace and providing a more favorable replicative environment for C. pneumoniae.