bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating population impacts via dynamic occupancy analysis of Before–After Control–Impact studies
Authors: Popescu Viorel D. , de Valpine Perry , Tempel Douglas , Peery M. Zachariah
Published: February 2012

Estimating environmental impacts on populations is one of the main goals of wildlife monitoring programs, which are often conducted in conjunction with management actions or following natural disturbances. In this study we investigate the statistical power of dynamic occupancy models to detect changes in local survival and colonization from detection–nondetection data, while accounting for imperfect detection probability, in a Before–After Control–Impact (BACI) framework. We simulated impacts on local survival and/or detection probabilities, and asked questions related to: (1) costs and benefits of different analysis models, (2) confounding changes in detection with changes in local survival, (3) sampling design trade‐offs, and (4) species with low vs. high rates of turnover. Estimating seasonal effects on local survival and colonization, as opposed to estimating Before–After effects, had little effect on the power to detect changes in local survival. Estimating a parameter that accounted for pretreatment differences in local survival between Control and Impact sites decreased power by 50%, but it was critical to include when such differences existed. When the experimental treatment had a negative impact on species detectability but analysis assumed constant detection, the Type I error rates were dramatically inflated (0.20–0.33). In general, there was low power (<0.5) to detect a 50% decrease in local survival for all combinations of sites (N = 50 vs. 100), seasons sampled (8 vs. 12), and visits per site per season (4 vs. 6). Unbalanced designs performed worse than balanced designs, with the exception of the case of treatments being implemented in different seasons at different sites. Adding more control sites improved the ability to detect changes in local survival. Surveying more seasons after impact resulted in modest power gains, but at least three seasons before impact were required to successfully implement BACI occupancy studies. Turnover rates had a low impact on power. Occupancy studies conducted in a BACI design offer the opportunity to detect environmental impacts on wildlife populations without the costs of intensive studies. However, given the low power to detect small changes (20%) in local survival, these studies should be used when researchers are confident that major treatment impacts will occur or very large sample sizes are obtainable.
Nitrogen niches revealed through species and functional group removal in a boreal shrub community
Authors: Gundale Michael J. , Hyodo Fujio , Nilsson Marie-Charlotte , Wardle David A.
Published: February 2012

Most theories attempting to explain the coexistence of species in local communities make fundamental assumptions regarding whether neighbors exhibit competitive, neutral, or positive resource–use interactions; however, few long‐term data from naturally assembled plant communities exist to test these assumptions. We utilized a 13‐year experiment consisting of factorial removal of three shrub species (Vaccinium myrtillus, V. vitis‐idaea, and Empetrum hermaphroditum) and factorial removal of two functional groups (tree roots and feather mosses) to assess how neighbors affect N acquisition and growth of each of the three shrub species. The removal plots were established on each of 30 lake islands in northern Sweden that form a natural gradient of resource availability. We tested the hypotheses that: (1) the presence of functionally similar neighbors would reduce shrub N acquisition through competition for a shared N resource; (2) the removal of functional groups would affect shrub N acquisition by altering the breadth of their niches; and (3) soil fertility would influence the effects of neighbor removals. We found that the removal of functionally similar neighbors (i.e., other shrub species) usually resulted in higher biomass and biomass N, with the strength of these effects varying strongly with site fertility. Shrub species removals never resulted in altered stable N isotope ratios (δ15N), suggesting that the niche breadth of the three shrubs was unaffected by the presence of neighboring shrub species. In the functional group removal experiment, we found positive effects of feather moss removal on V. myrtillus biomass and biomass N, and negative effects on E. hermaphrotium N concentration and V. vitis‐idaea biomass and biomass N. Tree root removal also caused a significant shift in foliar δ15N of V. myrtillus and altered the δ15N, biomass, and biomass N of E. hermaphroditum. Collectively, these results show that the resource acquisition and niche breadth of the three shrub species are often affected by neighbors, and further that both the identity of neighbors and site fertility strongly determine whether these interactions are positive, negative, or neutral. These findings have implications for understanding species coexistence and the reciprocal relationships between productivity and species diversity in this ecosystem.
Hepatic TRAF2 Regulates Glucose Metabolism Through Enhancing Glucagon Responses
Authors: Chen Zheng , Sheng Liang , Shen Hong , Zhao Yujun , Wang Shaomeng , Brink Robert , Rui Liangyou
Published: February 2012

Obesity is associated with intrahepatic inflammation that promotes insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated factor (TRAF)2 is a key adaptor molecule that is known to mediate proinflammatory cytokine signaling in immune cells; however, its metabolic function remains unclear. We examined the role of hepatic TRAF2 in the regulation of insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. TRAF2 was deleted specifically in hepatocytes using the Cre/loxP system. The mutant mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. Hepatic glucose production (HGP) was examined using pyruvate tolerance tests, 2H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and in vitro HGP assays. The expression of gluconeogenic genes was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Insulin sensitivity was analyzed using insulin tolerance tests and insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of insulin receptors and Akt. Glucagon action was examined using glucagon tolerance tests and glucagon-stimulated HGP, cAMP-responsive element–binding (CREB) phosphorylation, and expression of gluconeogenic genes in the liver and primary hepatocytes. Hepatocyte-specific TRAF2 knockout (HKO) mice exhibited normal body weight, blood glucose levels, and insulin sensitivity. Under HFD conditions, blood glucose levels were significantly lower (by >30%) in HKO than in control mice. Both insulin signaling and the hypoglycemic response to insulin were similar between HKO and control mice. In contrast, glucagon signaling and the hyperglycemic response to glucagon were severely impaired in HKO mice. In addition, TRAF2 overexpression significantly increased the ability of glucagon or a cAMP analog to stimulate CREB phosphorylation, gluconeogenic gene expression, and HGP in primary hepatocytes. These results suggest that the hepatic TRAF2 cell autonomously promotes hepatic gluconeogenesis by enhancing the hyperglycemic response to glucagon and other factors that increase cAMP levels, thus contributing to hyperglycemia in obesity.
Thiazolidinedione Treatment Decreases Oxidative Stress in Spontaneously Hypertensive Heart Failure Rats Through Attenuation of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase–Mediated Lipid Radical Formation
Authors: Kadiiska Maria B. , Bonini Marcelo G. , Ruggiero Christine , Cleland Ellen , Wicks Shawna , Stadler Krisztian
Published: February 2012

The current study was designed to test the hypothesis that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-mediated lipid free radical overproduction exists in an insulin-resistant rat model and that reducing the accumulation of toxic metabolites is associated with improved insulin signaling and metabolic response. Lipid radical formation was detected by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy with in vivo spin trapping in an obese rat model, with or without thiazolidinedione treatment. Lipid radical formation was accompanied by accumulation of toxic end products in the liver, such as 4-hydroxynonenal and nitrotyrosine, and was inhibited by the administration of the selective iNOS inhibitor 1400 W. The model showed impaired phosphorylation of the insulin signaling pathway. Ten-day rosiglitazone injection not only improved the response to an oral glucose tolerance test and corrected insulin signaling but also decreased iNOS levels. Similar to the results with specific iNOS inhibition, thiazolidinedione dramatically decreased lipid radical formation. We demonstrate a novel mechanism where a thiazolidinedione treatment can reduce oxidative stress in this model through reducing iNOS-derived lipid radical formation. Our results suggest that hepatic iNOS expression may underlie the accumulation of lipid end products and that reducing the accumulation of toxic lipid metabolites contributes to a better redox status in insulin-sensitive tissues.
Germline TRAV5D-4 T-Cell Receptor Sequence Targets a Primary Insulin Peptide of NOD Mice
Authors: Nakayama Maki , Castoe Todd , Sosinowski Tomasz , He XiangLing , Johnson Kelly , Haskins Kathryn , Vignali Dario A.A. , Gapin Laurent , Pollock David , Eisenbarth George S.
Published: February 2012

There is accumulating evidence that autoimmunity to insulin B chain peptide, amino acids 9–23 (insulin B:9–23), is central to development of autoimmune diabetes of the NOD mouse model. We hypothesized that enhanced susceptibility to autoimmune diabetes is the result of targeting of insulin by a T-cell receptor (TCR) sequence commonly encoded in the germline. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate that a particular Vα gene TRAV5D-4 with multiple junction sequences is sufficient to induce anti-islet autoimmunity by studying retrogenic mouse lines expressing α-chains with different Vα TRAV genes. Retrogenic NOD strains expressing Vα TRAV5D-4 α-chains with many different complementarity determining region (CDR) 3 sequences, even those derived from TCRs recognizing islet-irrelevant molecules, developed anti-insulin autoimmunity. Induction of insulin autoantibodies by TRAV5D-4 α-chains was abrogated by the mutation of insulin peptide B:9–23 or that of two amino acid residues in CDR1 and 2 of the TRAV5D-4. TRAV13–1, the human ortholog of murine TRAV5D-4, was also capable of inducing in vivo anti-insulin autoimmunity when combined with different murine CDR3 sequences. Targeting primary autoantigenic peptides by simple germline-encoded TCR motifs may underlie enhanced susceptibility to the development of autoimmune diabetes.
Loss of Both ABCA1 and ABCG1 Results in Increased Disturbances in Islet Sterol Homeostasis, Inflammation, and Impaired β-Cell Function
Authors: Kruit Janine K. , Wijesekara Nadeeja , Westwell-Roper Clara , Vanmierlo Tim , de Haan Willeke , Bhattacharjee Alpana , Tang Renmei , Wellington Cheryl L. , LütJohann Dieter , Johnson James D. , Brunham Liam R. , Verchere C. Bruce , Hayden Michael R.
Published: February 2012

Cellular cholesterol homeostasis is important for normal β-cell function. Disruption of cholesterol transport by decreased function of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCA1 results in impaired insulin secretion. Mice lacking β-cell ABCA1 have increased islet expression of ABCG1, another cholesterol transporter implicated in β-cell function. To determine whether ABCA1 and ABCG1 have complementary roles in β-cells, mice lacking ABCG1 and β-cell ABCA1 were generated and glucose tolerance, islet sterol levels, and β-cell function were assessed. Lack of both ABCG1 and β-cell ABCA1 resulted in increased fasting glucose levels and a greater impairment in glucose tolerance compared with either ABCG1 deletion or loss of ABCA1 in β-cells alone. In addition, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was decreased and sterol accumulation increased in islets lacking both transporters compared with those isolated from knockout mice with each gene alone. Combined deficiency of ABCA1 and ABCG1 also resulted in significant islet inflammation as indicated by increased expression of interleukin-1β and macrophage infiltration. Thus, lack of both ABCA1 and ABCG1 induces greater defects in β-cell function than deficiency of either transporter individually. These data suggest that ABCA1 and ABCG1 each make complimentary and important contributions to β-cell function by maintaining islet cholesterol homeostasis in vivo.
The impacts of heavy metals on oxidative stress and growth of spring barley
Authors: Juknys Romualdas , Vitkauskaitė Giedrė , Račaitė Milda , Venclovienė Jonė
Published: February 2012

Oxidative stress is accepted to play a significant role in stress symptoms, caused by different stressors in a variety of organisms. In this study seedlings of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were exposed to a wide range of copper, zinc, chromium, nickel, lead and cadmium concentrations in order to determine the relationships between heavy metals-induced oxidative stress and plant growth inhibition. All investigated heavy metals induced an essential increase in lipid peroxidation and a reduction of dry biomass along with an increase in metal concentration in the nutrient solution. A very close and statistically significant exponential relationship between lipid peroxidation and growth inhibition was detected in this study. According to the results of analysis of variance (ANOVA), the intensity of nonspecific oxidative stress is identified as the main factor of barley growth inhibition, explaining 75% of total variance. Almost 10% of growth inhibition is attributed to the specific impact of heavy metals. The most pronounced increase of malondialdehyde content and growth inhibition was observed in Cu and Cd treatments, whereas the lowest changes in observed indicators were detected after exposure to Zn and Pb.
Abundance of Stomaphis graffii Cholod. (Hemiptera) on maple trees in Poland
Authors: Depa Łukasz
Published: February 2012

The paper presents data on the remarkable abundance of S. graffii in the parks of the industrially transformed region of Upper Silesia, Poland. Ten new sites and 36 colonies were recorded, while only 6 sites were known so far from the whole territory of Poland. New host plant species and new ant species tending aphids were also recorded. The conclusion is that the abundance of Stomaphis species may be underestimated due to their cryptic life mode.
Where Did the Black Rough Riders Go?
Authors: Bold Christine
Published: February 2012

The Spanish-American War was a key moment in the development of U.S. imperialism and the popular western. Its iconic figure was Roosevelt's rough rider—the Anglo-Saxon gentleman cowboy par excellence—who yoked frontier heroism to overseas militarism, in the process justifying American extra-continental expansionism and extending the ideological reach of the western. The black military presence in Cuba—and, subsequently, Puerto Rico and the Philippines—threatened that process by challenging white superiority on the western frontier and the imperial battlefield. When white myth makers suppressed this story of black heroism, they drove it deep into the western's creative fabric. By following the fortunes of black soldiers, in print and in society, we can recognize how deeply the western formula is motivated and shaped by the blackness it denies and to what different ends African-American writers yoked western adventure, military action, and meanings of manhood in the United States.
Genetic variation in relations in different goat populations of Bangladesh
Authors: Afroz MF , Faruque MO , Husain SS , Han JL , Paul B
Published: February 2012

The genetic relation among different populations and breeds of goats in Bangladesh was studied using 15 microsatellite markers. A total of 181 goat samples- 36 from Black Bengal of western part (BBW), 39 from Black Bengal of central part (BBC), 40 from Black Bengal of Hilly region (BBH), 28 from exotic breeds (JAM) and 39 from crossbred (CRW) were genotyped. The allele number per locus ranged from 2 to 12. The average number of alleles per population was 5.69 ± 2.32, 5.38 ± 2.02, 5.23 ± 2.28, 6.08 ± 2.33, and 5.77 ± 2.35 for BBW, BBC, BBH, CRW and JAM, respectively. Heterozygosity was found in the range from 0.5049 ± 0.0222 (BBC) to 0.5751 ± 0.0262 (JAM). The genetic distance (DA) between BBC and JAM was the highest (0.0627) and that between JAM and CRW was the lowest (0.0037). In the phylogenetic dendrogram, BBC and BBH grouped in the same cluster, while CRW and JAM formed another cluster. BBW formed a third cluster between those two clusters. The closest genetic relation between BBW and CRW indicates the introgression of exotic genes occurred more in BBW than BBC and BBH. Key words: Bangladeshi goats; Microsatellite markers; Genetic variation; Dendrogram  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v39i1-2.9672 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2010, 39(1&2): 1-8
Reproductive performance of Red Chittagong Cattle in a nucleus herd
Authors: Habib MA , Bhuiyan AKFH , Amin MR
Published: February 2012

The present study was undertaken to estimate the performance of some reproductive traits of Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC) is an important indigenous Farm Animal Genetic Resource of Bangladesh having some efficient reproductive capabilities. The effect of parity on these traits was also studied. The study was conducted in the nucleus herd of RCC Project at Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) dairy farm taking data from 2005 to 2008. The traits considered for this study were age at sexual maturity, age at first calving, number of service per conception, conception rate, calving interval, post partum heat period, gestation length and service period of RCC cows. The mean (±SE) values of the said traits are 28.75 ± 1.26 months, 40.93 ± 1.74 months, 1.55 ± 0.08, 78.91 ± 2.82 %, 14.42 ± 0.33 months, 127.71 ± 7.02 days, 282.11 ± 0.58 days and 151.72 ± 6.83 days, respectively. All the traits studied did not differ significantly (P>0.05) between different parities. Key words: RCC; Nucleus herd; Reproductive traits DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v39i1-2.9673 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2010, 39(1&2): 9-19
Stakeholder perspectives on breeding strategy and choice of breeds for livestock development in Bangladesh
Authors: Jabbar MA , Husain SS , Islam SMF , Amin MR , Khandaker MAMY , Bhuiyan AKFH , Ali SZ , Faruque O
Published: February 2012

In Bangladesh, a science based systematically organized pragmatic breeding policy has never been formulated and adopted. In breeding research and development projects, perspectives of stakeholders like researchers, extension agents and farmers on criteria for selection of breeds for adaptation in the country have not been adequately considered. In this paper, opinions of a sample of 128 university teachers, researchers and extension experts in the field of livestock and 196 farmers with at least one milking cow on criteria for selection of breeds and their relative weights and a number of other breed development issues are presented. The results show that there are significant differences among experts about the breeding objectives and strategies to be followed, on relative weights to be given on various traits for evaluation and selection of breeds and allocation of research resources on different species for breed development. Moreover, there are significant differences between experts and farmers about relative weights to be given for breed evaluation and selection, and on the extent of suitability of different available breeds for local adaptation. These results indicate that breeding research and development needs to be based on more such studies to facilitate serious debate and arrive at a consensus for adoption of long-term breeding policy. Key words: Stakeholder; Breeding strategy; Livestock; Breed DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v39i1-2.9674 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2010, 39(1&2): 20-43
Morphometric characteristics of Red Chittagong Cattle in a nucleus herd
Authors: Hadiuzzaman M , Bhuiyan AKFH , Bhuiyan MSA , Habib MA
Published: February 2012

The present study was undertaken measuring a total of 78 animals of Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC) of different ages and sexes maintained under a USDA funded RCC project at Bangladesh agricultural University (BAU) Dairy Farm, Mymensingh. The experiment was conducted to estimate different body measurements of RCC at different age groups. A total of 12 different age groups at 6 months interval were considered for estimation. The age groups were 1-6, 7-12, 13-18, 19-24, 25-30, 31-36, 37-42, 43-48, 49-54, 55-60, 61-66 and 66+ months. Different body measurements were wither height, hip height, body length, chest diameter, chest width, hip width, thurl width and rump length. As expected, it was found that all measurements significantly increased (P<0.01) with the advancement of age. All the estimates reached in maximum level at the highest age class (66+ months) in this study except chest width and rump length (61-66 and 43-48 months class, respectively). It also observed that all the estimates were gradually increased with age, but the rate of increment varied for different measurements for different age groups. The results also revealed to conclude no definite ages at which the estimates reached a maximum level due to lack of animals of more than 66 months of age to composite further age groups. Key words: Morphometric characteristics; RCC; Nucleus herd DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v39i1-2.9675 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2010, 39(1&2): 44-51
Study on factors affecting the conception rate in Red Chittagong Cows
Authors: Mufti MMR , Alam MK , Sarker MS , Bostami ABMR , Das NG
Published: February 2012

The research was undertaken to identify the factors affecting the conception rate in Red Chittagong cows (RCC). A total of 130 questionnaires were filled up to collect the related data during artificial insemination (AI) and subsequently pregnancy diagnoses were done after three months of AI at five upazillas (Satkania, Chandanaish, Potia, Anwara and Raozan) in Chittagong district. Conception rate of heifers and cows delivered 1, 2, 3 and 4 calves were 64.52, 72.73, 64.86, 60 and 53.33%, respectively. Conception rates were 19.4% higher in 1st delivered cows than that of the older cows attained the 4th or more parities. Red Chittagong Cows producing 3 kg or more milk during AI period had lower conception rate than the low producing cows. The conception rates of RCC were higher when inseminated between 10 to >14 hours after onset of estrous and the value was 74.19%. The conception rates of RCC were higher at a thawing period of 10-12 seconds than 5-7 seconds and 15-17 seconds and varied significantly. The conception rate was 10.62% higher in RCC for semen deposited in the body of uterus than deposited at the middle of the cervix. The conception rate of RCC for normal, difficult calving, retained placenta, uterine infectious and cystic ovaries cows were 70.27, 50, 33.33, 25 and 0%, respectively and the overall conception rate of disordered cows were 31.57%. In this study, the overall conception rate of RCC was found in 63.85%. This figure can be improved by taking different measures like; insemination at observing clear mucus and 10.0-14.0 hours after the onset of estrous, thawing of straw at 37ºC for at least 10-12 seconds, heating of insemination devices, service at docile condition, placement of semen at the body of the uterus and avoid crossing of RCC with exotic blood to ensure protection from health disorder like difficult calving and retained placenta. Key words: Red Chittagong cows; Artificial insemination; Conception rate DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v39i1-2.9676 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2010, 39(1&2): 52-57
Effects of oxalate intake on calcium and phosphorus balance in bulls fed Napier
Authors: Das NG , Huque KS , Alam MR , Sultana N , Amanullah SM
Published: February 2012

An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of oxalate intake on calcium and phosphorus balance in bulls fed Napier silage. Eighteen growing bulls having average live weight of 249 ± 8.38 Kg and aged about 40 months were divided into three groups of six animals in each group. They were assigned to dietary treatments T0 (considered as control), T1 and T2 consisting of rice straw, rice straw and Napier silage (1:1, DM basis) and Napier silage ad libitum, respectively for a period of 21 days. A concentrate mixture composed of 940 g wheat bran, 60g dicalcium phosphate (DCP) and 50g common salt was fed to each bull at the rate of 1.05 Kg/d. With the increase of Napier silage intake there was a significant (P<0.01) increase of oxalate intake (17.91, 24.65 and 30.97 g/d, with T0, T1 and T2 diets, respectively) with the subsequent increase of (P<0.01) their excretion through feces (3.02, 8.66 and 11.02 g/d, respectively). The fecal and urinary excretion of calcium (11.41, 18.25 and 25.28 g/d, respectively) and phosphorus (13.37, 16.85 and 20.09 g/d, respectively) of the animals fed different diets were significantly (P<0.05) high when the straw diet was replaced with 50 and 100 % Napier silage, respectively and there were calcium and phosphorus deficiencies in bulls fed Napier silage. Thus, Napier silage diets brought about a significant (P<0.05) reduction in calcium (12.19, 6.87 and 1.36 g/d, respectively) and phosphorus (7.17, 6.40 and 5.39 g/d, respectively) balances though the intake of these two minerals were adequate showing linear reverse relationship with the increase of oxalate intake from Napier silage. Key words: Napier silage; Oxalate; Calcium; Phosphorus; Bull DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v39i1-2.9677 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2010, 39(1&2): 58-66
Comparative study of yield, intake, chemical composition and nutritive values of gama (<Tripsacum dactyloides</i) oat (Avena sativa) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) forages
Authors: Islam MN , Alam MR , Kabir AKMA , Das NG , Khanduker MM
Published: February 2012

An experiment was conducted to compare the yield, composition and nutrient digestibility of gama (Tripsacum dactyloides), oat (Avena sativa) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) forages. Three fodders were cultivated and a metabolism trial was conducted with 3 indigenous sheep in a 3 × 3 Latin Square Design (LSD) for determination of nutrient digestibility. The fresh yield of gama was higher (P<0.05) than that of oat and sorghum. The yield of DM in gama and sorghum was similar and significantly higher (P<0.01) than oat. No significant differences (P>0.05) were observed in DM, OM, CP, NDF and ADF contents among the gama, oat and sorghum forages. The average DM and OM intake in sheep fed sorghum was higher (P<0.05) than that of oat or gama. Sheep fed sorghum or oat showed significantly (P<0.01) higher CP intake than gama. Average NDF and ADF intake was higher (P<0.05) in sheep fed sorghum followed by oat or gama, respectively. The DM digestibility of different forages was found non-significant (P>0.05). The OM digestibility of sorghum was found to be higher (P<0.05) compared to oat or gama. Digestibility of CP was significant (P<0.01) higher sorghum than oat (37 %) or gama (36 %). Higher NDF and ADF digestibility (P<0.05) were found in sorghum and oat, respectively than gama. It was concluded that sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is better than gama (Tripsacum dactyloides) and oat (Avena sativa) forages. Key words: Gama; Oat; Sorghum; Digestibility DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v39i1-2.9678 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2010, 39(1&2): 67-74
Comparative study of the nutritive values of the different varieties of rice straw
Authors: Rahman MM , Alam MR , Amin MR , Das NG
Published: February 2012

Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2010, 39(1&2): 75-82 This study was conducted to investigate the nutritional quality. The Dry matter (DM), Organic matter (OM), Crude protein (CP), Acid detergent fibre (ADF), Neutral detergent fibre (NDF), lignin, Ca and P contents of Pajam, Nijershail, Kablabadam, BR 11, BINA 5 and BRRI 29 varieties of rice straw varied from 92.21 to 93.05%, 81.21 to 86.24%, 3.49 to 5.10%, 41.38 to 46.32%, 72.16 to 77.57%, 4.3 to 6.97%, 0.10 to 0.245% and 0.046 to 0.146%, respectively. The OM content in Nijershail was significantly higher (P<0.01) than Kablabadam, BR 11, BRRI 29, Pajam and BINA 5, respectively. The variety BRRI 29 contained significantly higher (P<0.01) CP content (5.1%) than BINA 5, BR 11, Pajam, Nijershail and Kablabadam, respectively. Significantly (P<0.01) higher NDF content was found in BR 11 (77.57%) followed by Kablabadam, Nijershail, Pajam, BRRI 29 and BINA 5, respectively. Acid deter gut Fibre (ADF) content was significantly (P<0.05) higher in Nijershail (46.32%) than Kablabadam, BR 11, BINA 5, Pajam and BRRI 29, respectively. Significantly (P<0.01) higher lignin content was found in BRRI 29 (6.97%) compared to Kablabadam, BINA 5, Pajam, Nijershail and BR 11, respectively. The Ca content in Pajam and BR 11 was significantly (P<0.01) higher (0.245%) than Nijershail, BRRI 29, Kablabadam and BINA 5, respectively. BRRI 29 contained significantly (P<0.01) higher P content (0.146%) compared to BINA 5, Pajam, Nijershail, Kablabadam and BR 11, respectively. Organic Matter (OM) digestibility, and ME content in BRRI 29 was significantly (P<0.01) higher followed Nijershail, BINA 5, Pajam, Kablabadam and BR 11, respectively. Straw of BRRI 29 is expected to provide more nutrients, digestible organic nutrients and metabolizable energy to ruminants. Key words: Rice straw; Chemical composition; Energy content; Digestibility DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v39i1-2.9679 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2010, 39(1&2): 75-82
Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on yield contributing character, biomass yield and nutritive value of cowpea forage
Authors: Hasan MR , Akbar MA , Khandaker ZH , Rahman MM
Published: February 2012

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of nitrogen application on the yield contributing characteristics, biomass yield and nutritive values of cowpea forage. Five nitrogen levels viz: 0 (T0), 15 (T1), 20 (T2), 25 (T3) and 30 (T0) kg N/ha were applied in 20 plots in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The result showed that the application of nitrogen fertilizer had significant (P<0.01) effect on plant height and highest plant height (96.25 cm) was observed at 25 kgN/ha. However, application of nitrogen fertilizer from urea did not show any significant effect on branching of plant. The application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly (P<0.01) increased the green, dry and organic matter, and crude protein yield of cowpea forage. No significant difference (P>0.01) among the groups for chemical composition of cowpea forage was observed due to increasing rate of N fertilizer. Similarly, N fertilization had no affect on OM digestibility and ME content of cowpea forage. From the results of the present study, it may be concluded that the application of N at the rate of 25 Kg N/ha could be used for cowpea forage production. Key words: Cowpea; Nitrogen fertilizer; Yield; Chemical composition; Nutritive value DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v39i1-2.9680 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2010, 39(1&2): 83-88
Triple super phosphate as a source of phosphorus in the diet of growing bull
Authors: Akter A , Khandaker ZH
Published: February 2012

The study was conducted to investigate the use of Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) as a source of phosphorus in growing cattle. Twelve indigenous growing bull (initial live weight of 150 ± 10 kg) were assigned to four dietary treatments, viz. basal diet (T0) containing 0.14% P and basal diet was supplemented with TSP to provide P levels of 0.24 (T1), 0.35 (T2) and 0.45% (T3) respectively. All diets were formulated to be iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic. Significant (P<0.05) differences in dry matter intake (DMI) were observed among the dietary treatments. The DMI (g/d) of animals fed diet having 0.35% P was higher than the diet containing 0.14, 0.24 and 0.45% P. The apparent digestibility of DM and OM were significantly (P<0.01) affected but CP and EE were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by the supplementation of P from TSP. The digestibility of CF and NFE was significantly (P<0.01) higher for diets T2 (0.35% P) compared to diet containing 0.14, 0.24 and 0.45% P. Apparent absorption of P was significantly (P<0.05) higher in animals fed on diet containing 0.14% phosphorous (T0) than diets with 0.35 and 0.45% phosphorus and true absorption (g/100g) of P was significantly (P<0.01) higher in the animals fed on diets T0 (0.14% P) than those fed on other diets (T1, T2 and T3. Phosphorus balance was significantly (P<0.01) higher for diets T1 (4.37 g/d), T2 (5.75 g/d) and T3 (7.09 g/d) compared to diet T0 (2.87 g/d) and highest value was observed on diet T3. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference among the mean values for live weight gain and the highest daily live weight gain was observed for diet T2 (69.44g) compared to the other diets T0, T1 and T3). The average serum P concentration of animals fed on diets T1, T2 and T3 was significantly higher (P<0.01) than that of animal fed on diet T0. The results suggested that supplementation of TSP as a source of phosphorus increased total DMI, digestibility of CF, NFE, P retention, P content of blood serum and live weight gain of growing calves. Therefore, supplementation of 0.21% P from TSP may be used in growing cattle ration. Key words: Phosphorus; Triple super phosphate; Growing bull DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v39i1-2.9681 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2010, 39(1&2): 89-96
Nutrient digestibility and growth of local bull calves as affected by feeding urea and urease enzyme sources treated rice straw
Authors: Hossain MM , Khan MJ , Akbar MA
Published: February 2012

The experiment was conducted for a period of 75 days to study the effect of treatment of straw with urea or with urea and a urease containing chick pea seed meal and midden soil on chemical composition of treated rice straw, feed intake of the animals, nutrients digestibility, body weight gain, and feed conversion efficiency. For the study twelve indigenous growing bulls aged approximately 20 months and weighing 115.16 ± 1.50 kg were divided into four groups having three animals in each group. The animals of group A received 3.5% urea treated fresh straw, group B received 3.5% urea treated ensiled straw, group C received 3.5% urea + 2.5% midden soil treated ensiled straw and group D received 3.5% urea + 2.5% chick pea treated ensiled straw. All the animals were supplied with treated rice straw, green grass and concentrate mixture. Rice straw treated with 3.5% urea resulted an improvement in crude protein content of rice straw from 3.33 to 7.70 and 8.10 % (without ensiling and ensiling) which was further increased by 8.20 and 9.50% with the addition of 2.5% midden soil and 2.5% chick pea seed meal at the time of treatment. Significantly higher (P<0.05) daily dry matter intake was observed in animals fed diet D (4.42) followed by diet C (4.39), diet B (4.34) and diet A (4.12). The total CP intake by the animals of D groups was significantly higher (P<0.01) than that of the animals receiving diet A, B and C. During the 75 days trail, the total live weight gains were 30.50, 35.17, 38.17 and 39.83 kg for bull calves fed diet A (3.5% urea treated straw without ensiling), diet B (3.5% urea treated straw with ensiling), diet C (3.5% urea + 2.5% midden soil treated straw) and diet D (3.5% urea + 2.5% chick pea seed meal treated straw) respectively. The daily live weight gains were 0.41, .047, 0.51 and 0.53 kg in groups A, B, C and D respectively. Midden soil and chick pea seed meal addition with treated rice straw not only significantly (P<0.01) increased the coefficient of digestibility of DM, CP, and CF but also significantly (P<0.05) increased the coefficient of digestibility of OM, NFE than only urea treated straw (both without ensiling and ensiling). Addition of urease sources also increased (P<0.01) the digestible crude protein (DCP), digestible ether extract (DEE). Digestible nitrogen free extract (DNFE), digestible organic matter (DOM) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) contents were significantly (P<0.05) higher in diet D in comparison to diet A, B and C. Key words: Bull calves; Digestibility; Midden soil; Urea; Urease DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v39i1-2.9682 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2010, 39(1&2): 97-105
Effects of phosphorus fertilizer on yield and nutritional value of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) fodder at three cuttings
Authors: Roy PRS , Khandaker ZH
Published: February 2012

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of various levels of phosphorus fertilizer on the yield and nutritional value of sorghum fodder at three cuttings. The experiment was conducted by using 4 levels of Phosphorus fertilizer viz. 0 (T) 40 (T), 80 (T) and 120 (T) kg TSP/ha in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). A significant effect (P<0.01) of phosphorus fertilizer application on plant height was observed with 80 kg TSP/ha at 60 days in 1st cutting and at 15 and 30 days in 2nd and 3rd cuttings. Highest green fodder was observed at 40 kg TSP/ha in 1st cutting but the effect was non significant. A significant effect (P<0.01) in green matter yield was observed at 80 kg TSP/ha in 2nd and 3rd cuttings. On the other hand, a significant effect (P<0.01) was observed on DM yield in first and second cuttings. Application of phosphorus fertilizer had a significant effect (P<0.01) on DM content in second cutting but non significant effect in 1st and 3rd cuttings with 80 kg TSP/ha. In 1st and 3rd cuttings, a significant difference on CP content was observed but in 2nd cutting the difference was non significant. CF, EE and P content were increased significantly in three cuttings. Highest phosphorus content was observed at 120 kg TSP/ha in each cutting. A significant effect (P<0.01) was observed on Ash content in 3rd cutting but the effect was non significant in 1st and 3rd cuttings. In 2nd cutting, IVOMD content of sorghum fodder was statistically significant but in 1st and 3rd cuttings the effect was non significant with 120 kg TSP/ha. A significant effect (P<0.01) was observed on ME content of fodder in 2nd and 3rd cuttings but the effect was non significant in 1st cutting at 120 kg TSP/ha. Based on the above findings, it may be suggested that sorghum fodder can be cultivated through the application of 80 kg TSP/ha and harvested at the age of 66 days at first cutting for maximum production. Key words: Phosphorus; Sorghum fodder; Cuttings; Chemical composition; Metabolizable energy DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v39i1-2.9683 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2010, 39(1&2): 106-115
Factors related to small scale cattle fattening in rural areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed T , Hashem MA , Khan M , Rahman MF , Hossain MM
Published: February 2012

The experiment was conducted to investigate the systems of management in small scale cattle fattening programs. The data were collected through an interview schedule from 215 respondents of 24 districts in 52 upazilla who were involved in small scale cattle fattening. In this study out of 215 respondents 70.4% were farmers, 11.7% businessman, 9.18% physicians, 2.04% doctors had own land and 8.8% respondents had no own land. About 40.9% respondents selected cattle on the basis of age and 14, 25.6 and 16.7% respondents selected on the basis of breed, age and sex, respectively. Most of the respondents (79.1%) fattened cattle for 3-6 months and rest fattened for a prolonged period. About 90.2% respondents used own capital for cattle fattening and 2.3, 4.2 and 3.3% respondents took bank loan, NGO loan and lending for cattle fattening, respectively. About 31.6% respondents provided existing traditional cattle shed. About 79.5% did not have any training on cattle fattening whereas about 20.5% respondents had taken short training on cattle fattening. About 63.7% respondents used cattle fattening tablets, 27% respondents used urea molasses straw (UMS) and 51% followed conventional feeding. About 72.6% vaccinate the cattle by themselves and about 76.3% took help from veterinary surgeon for treatment of their cattle. About 45% reported shortages of animal feed, 50% reported lack of credit and 95% reported high cost of feed as the major problems of small scale cattle fattening. The results of this study will be useful for farmers and researchers to identify the overall problems and their remedies on feeding, management and marketing related to small scale cattle fattening practices in Bangladesh. Key words: Cattle fattening; Factors; Beef production; Bangladesh DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v39i1-2.9684 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2010, 39(1&2): 116-124
Response of growing rabbits to different levels of dietary citric acid
Authors: Debi MR , Islam KMS , Akbar MA , Ullha B , Das SK
Published: February 2012

An experiment was conducted for a period of 56 days with 36 healthy New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits aged about one months having weight from 370 to 390g to evaluate the effects of dietary citric acid on growth performance, feed consumption and digestibility of nutrients as well as immune status. The experiment was designed with 6 dietary treatments having 6 rabbits per treatment. Rabbits of control treatment (T1) were given the diet without citric acid (CA) but the dietary treatments T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 contained 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5% CA respectively. Green grass was supplied on ad libitum basis. The total body weight gain was Addition of CA at the level of 2% enhanced body weight significantly (P<0.05). (P<0.05)(P<0.05) T 734, 776, 812, 862, 911 and 740g for the rabbits fed 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5% CA containing diets respectively. Total DM intake also increased with increasing the percentage of CA up to 2% level . Incase of feed conversion ratio, there was no significant difference in addition to different levels of CA. Supplementation of CA improved dry matter, crude protein and ether extract digestibility but incase of crude fiber and nitrogen free extract, there was no significant difference. Non significant difference was also found incase of acidity of feed and feces. The highest lymphocyte (73%) was counted in dietary treatment T6 having 2.5% CA, which was 17% higher than the control diet. From the result of this experiment, it may be concluded that the addition of CA up to 2% level in diet improves performance, digestibility of nutrients and immune status of growing rabbit. Key words: Rabbit; Citric acid; Performance; Immunity DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v39i1-2.9685 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2010, 39(1&2): 125-133
Comparison of the Rossogolla (Balish) prepared in the laboratory and collected from market of Netrokona District
Authors: Rahman MF , Islam MN , Hasan MN , Siddiki MSR , Naznin F
Published: February 2012

This experiment assessed the quality of Rossogolla (Balish) manufactured in the laboratory and collected from Netrokona district. Four types of Rossogolla, (A) Laboratory made Rossogolla, (B) Rossogolla from Mukti Mistanno vander, (C) Rossogolla from Gwyneth Mistanno vander, (D) Rossogolla from Khan Mistanno vander were used in this experiment. Quality of Rossogolla were evaluated by physical, chemical and microbiological tests. From the physical examinations it appears that quality differed among different Rossogolla. Significant differences within flavour score, body and texture, colour and appearance and taste among the four different preparations of Rossogolla (P<0.05) were seen. The chemical analysis score implies that Total solids, Protein, Fat, Carbohydrate, Ash and microbial status varied significantly among four different types of Rossogolla of Netrokona district. Overall Physical, Chemical and Microbial status indicate that the type (A) Laboratory made Rossogolla was superior in comparison with others. Key words: Rossogolla; Laboratory; Local market DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v39i1-2.9686 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2010, 39(1&2): 134-143
Preparation of dahi for diabetic patient
Authors: Islam MN , Akhter F , Masum AKM , Khan MAS , Asaduzzaman M
Published: February 2012

In this experiment, an attempt was made to prepare dahi for diabetic patient and also to monitor the quality of prepared dahi by using different tests. For this purpose, artificial sweeteners such as sac-sweet and sucrol were added with milk to prepare dahi for diabetic patient. Milk sample was collected from the Bangladesh Agricultural University Dairy Farm. Three different types of dahi (A- dahi with sugar, B- dahi with sac-sweet and C- dahi with sucrol) were prepared by using the milk. From the results of physical scores it was found that overall score of A, B and C type dahi samples were 92.44 ± 1.83, 86.99 ± 4.70 and 86.45 ± 7.65, respectively (P>0.05). Average total solids, fat, protein and ash content of A, B and C type dahi samples were 243.43 ± 2.7, 149.73 ± 2.6 and 149.83 ± 2.5 (P<0.01); 44.33 ± 2.1, 49.00 ± 2.6 and 49.00 ± 2.6 (P>0.05); 36.17 ± 1.3, 40.07 ± 1.1 and 40.07 ± 1.1 (P<0.05); 7.67 ± 0.2, 8.43 ± 0.2 and 8.43 ± 0.2 (P<0.01) g/kg, respectively. It was observed that the values of above parameters (except total solids) for dahi prepared by using sac-sweet and sucrol were nearly similar to the dahi prepared by using sugar. But higher level of total solids for A type dahi was due to addition of 10% sugar with milk during dahi preparation. On the other hand, very small amount of artificial sweeteners were used in B and C type dahi just to increase the sweetness which had no or little effect to increase the totals solids content. So it can be suggested that acceptable quality dahi could be prepared by using artificial sweeteners like sac-sweet and sucrol for diabetic patient. Key words: Dahi; Sac-sweet; Sucrol; Diabetic patient DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v39i1-2.9687 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2010, 39(1&2): 144-150
Effect of supplementation of micronutrients of the performance of dairy cows
Authors: Sharmin MM , Khan MA Samad , Islam MN , Islam MA
Published: February 2012

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of micronutrients supplementation on body weight of cows, birth weight of calf, colostrums composition, milk yield and milk composition. Six animals were divided in to two groups viz. control and supplemented group. Control group was provided conventional diet and supplemented group was supplied conventional diet plus vitamin-mineral mixture (1g vitamix powder/1kg concentrate feed) respectively for two months before calving. In supplemented group the average daily gain of the cows was (49.17 g/d) higher (P<0.01) and the calves were 2 kg heavier in supplemented group compared to control group. Fat content and protein content of colostrum in supplemented group were also significantly higher (P<0.01 and 0.05). The milk yield, fat and protein values of milk were increased non-significantly by 1.03 kg/d/h, 2.8 g/kg and 0.3 g/kg respectively. Ca content of milk was more or less similar in both cases. Key words: Milk; Milk protein; Milk fat; Micronutrients; Supplementation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v39i1-2.9688 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2010, 39(1&2): 151-155
Performance of hubbard classic broiler parents and fit the regression models for their prediction
Authors: Khan MKI , Ahmed S
Published: February 2012

The present study was conducted on Hubbard classic broiler parents in the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) poultry farm in Chittagong, Bangladesh to know the productive, reproductive performance and for modelling the performances for their prediction. The average live weight and egg production of Hubbard classic broiler parent were obtained as 3412.48 ± 137.773 g/hen and 170.99 ± 1.012 eggs/hen/year, respectively. By using the parameters of linear regression and quadratic polynomial regression equation the yearly predicted egg production (number), live weight (g) and feed intake (g) were predicted. The R2 and CV fit statistics were used to compare the model performance and actual and predicted values. The actual and predicted value for live weight and feed intake was similar except yearly egg production (number). Key words: Broiler parent; Performance; Modelling; Fit statistic; Predicted yield DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v39i1-2.9689 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2010, 39(1&2): 156-162