bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Big Data Approaches to Phenotyping Acute Ischemic Stroke Using Automated Lesion Segmentation of Multi-Center Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data
Authors: Wu Ona , Winzeck Stefan , Giese Anne-Katrin , Hancock Brandon L. , Etherton Mark R. , Bouts Mark J.R.J. , Donahue Kathleen , Schirmer Markus D. , Irie Robert E. , Mocking Steven J.T. , McIntosh Elissa C. , Bezerra Raquel , Kamnitsas Konstantinos , Frid Petrea , Wasselius Johan , Cole John W. , Xu Huichun , Holmegaard Lukas , Jiménez-Conde Jordi , Lemmens Robin , Lorentzen Eric , McArdle Patrick F. , Meschia James F. , Roquer Jaume , Rundek Tatjana , Sacco Ralph L. , Schmidt Reinhold , Sharma Pankaj , Slowik Agnieszka , Stanne Tara M. , Thijs Vincent , Vagal Achala , Woo Daniel , Bevan Stephen , Kittner Steven J. , Mitchell Braxton D. , Rosand Jonathan , Worrall Bradford B. , Jern Christina , Lindgren Arne G. , Maguire Jane , Rost Natalia S. ,   on behalf of the MRI-GENIE and GISCOME Investigators
Published: June 2019

Background and Purpose—

We evaluated deep learning algorithms’ segmentation of acute ischemic lesions on heterogeneous multi-center clinical diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data sets and explored the potential role of this tool for phenotyping acute ischemic stroke.

Methods—

Ischemic stroke data sets from the MRI-GENIE (MRI-Genetics Interface Exploration) repository consisting of 12 international genetic research centers were retrospectively analyzed using an automated deep learning segmentation algorithm consisting of an ensemble of 3-dimensional convolutional neural networks. Three ensembles were trained using data from the following: (1) 267 patients from an independent single-center cohort, (2) 267 patients from MRI-GENIE, and (3) mixture of (1) and (2). The algorithms’ performances were compared against manual outlines from a separate 383 patient subset from MRI-GENIE. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression with respect to demographics, stroke subtypes, and vascular risk factors were performed to identify phenotypes associated with large acute diffusion-weighted MRI volumes and greater stroke severity in 2770 MRI-GENIE patients. Stroke topography was investigated.

Results—

The ensemble consisting of a mixture of MRI-GENIE and single-center convolutional neural networks performed best. Subset analysis comparing automated and manual lesion volumes in 383 patients found excellent correlation (ρ=0.92;
P
<0.0001). Median (interquartile range) diffusion-weighted MRI lesion volumes from 2770 patients were 3.7 cm
3
(0.9–16.6 cm
3
). Patients with small artery occlusion stroke subtype had smaller lesion volumes (
P
<0.0001) and different topography compared with other stroke subtypes.

Conclusions—

Automated accurate clinical diffusion-weighted MRI lesion segmentation using deep learning algorithms trained with multi-center and diverse data is feasible. Both lesion volume and topography can provide insight into stroke subtypes with sufficient sample size from big heterogeneous multi-center clinical imaging phenotype data sets.
Description of seven new Tinodes species from Asia (Trichoptera: Psychomyiidae)
Authors: JOHANSON KJELL ARNE , OLÁH JÁNOS
Published: June 2019

Seven new Tinodes species are described from South-East Asia. Tinodes kemnounga, new species, Tinodes caolana, new species, Tinodes gapbona, new species, and Tinodes dactringa, new species are described from Vietnam. Tinodes samkuca, new species, Tinodes kebala, new species, and Tinodes suksa, new species are described from Peninsular Malaysia.
New species of herb gallwasps from the Middle East (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Aylacini)
Authors: KARIMPOUR Y. , TAVAKOLI M. , MELIKA G.
Published: June 2019

Four new species of cynipid herb gallwasps, Aulacidea tavakolii Melika, new species; Isocolus freidbergi Melika, new species; Isocolus beheni Melika & Karimpour, new species and Isocolus karimpouri Melika & Tavakoli, new species (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Aylacini) from Iran and Israel are described. Data on the diagnosis, distribution and biology of the new species are given. Seven species of aylacine gallwasps were known from the Middle East. One species, Isocolus centaureae Diakontschuk, reported for the first time from this region.
Liphanthus Reed, 1894 (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae, Protandrenini): Two new Argentine species and keys to the species of the subgenera Liphanthus s. str. and Melaliphanthus Ruz & Toro, 1983
Authors: VIVALLO FELIPE
Published: June 2019

In this paper two new species of the bee genus Liphanthus are described. One, belongs to the subgenus Liphanthus s. str. the other to Melaliphanthus. Both were collected in the Province of Mendoza, Argentina. These new species are the first records of members of those subgenera formally known for Argentina. Keys to the species of both subgenera are provided.En este trabajo se describen dos especies nuevas de abejas del género Liphanthus, perteneciendo una de ellas al subgénero Liphanthus s.str., mientras que la otra a Melaliphanthus, siendo ambas colectadas en la Provincia de Mendoza, Argentina. Estas nuevas especies corresponden al primer registro publicado de miembros de los subgéneros Liphanthus s. str. y Melaliphanthus conocidos para Argentina. Se proporcionan claves de identificación para todas las especies conocidas de ambos subgéneros.
A new apterous species of the genus Orphnus MacLeay (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Orphninae) from South Africa
Authors: FROLOV ANDREY V.
Published: June 2019

The African continent has a diverse fauna of scarab beetles of the subfamily Orphninae with five genera and more than 100 described species (Arrow 1912, Frolov 2005).  The great majority of these species belong to the genus Orphnus MacLeay (Paulian 1948, Petrovitz 1971).  Most of the species in this genus have well-developed wings.  A few species, however, have reduced or almost absent wings.  Recently I had the opportunity to examine two apterous specimens from the Transvaal Museum, South Africa, belonging to an undescribed species similar to O. (Parorphnus) luminosus Benderitter.  This new species is described below.
A new species of Cyrtopodion (Sauria: Gekkonidae) from the northern areas of Pakistan
Authors: MASROOR RAFAQAT
Published: June 2019

A new thin-toed gecko, Cyrtopodion baigii is described from the Chilas area in the Chilas Arc Complex of northern Pakistan. The major diagnostic characters of the new species include the presence of two precloacal pores in males, absence of femoral pores, 30–32 rows of ventral scales across midbody and 125–132 scales along ventral midline of body. The species is a montane form, distributed in the rocky areas along the Indus River at elevations of 1100–1200 m. It is the first member of the genus Cyrtopodion to be reported from the Himalayan and Karakoram range systems in Pakistan.
A study on the genus Glaucorhoe, with descriptions of two new species from China (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Larentiinae)
Authors: WU CHUNGUANG , HAN HONGXIANG , XUE DAYONG
Published: June 2019

Chinese material of the Palearctic geometrid genus Glaucorhoe Herbulot is reassessed, with the description of two new species G. magaria sp. nov. and G. exilaria sp. nov. Illustrations of adults and genitalia of all the species are provided.
Description of a new genus and species of the tribe Parmenini, with nomenclatural notes (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Authors: MONNÉ MARCELA L. , MONNÉ MIGUEL A.
Published: June 2019

Bocainella, new genus, and the type species B. minima, new species, are described from Brazil. They are illustrated and compared with similar genera Cupeyalia Zayas, 1975, Ipochus LeConte, 1852, Maisi Zayas, 1975, Nanilla Fleutiaux & Sallé, 1889 and Plaumanniella Fisher, 1938. Caudelytra quadrispinosus Franz, 1954 is reinstated and transferred to Mecynome Bates, 1885.
Edwardsiid sea anemones of California (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae), with descriptions of eight new species
Authors: DALY MARYMEGAN , LJUBENKOV JOHN C.
Published: June 2019

Edwardsiid anemones are common elements of the benthic marine infauna. The group is best known and most speciesrich in the North Atlantic. The Pacific fauna is poorly known, with only one species, Edwardsia californica McMurrich, 1913, described from the eastern Pacific Ocean. We describe eight new species collected from sediment in California: Edwardsia handi sp. nov., Edwardsia juliae sp. nov., Edwardsia mcmurrichi sp. nov., Edwardsia olguini sp. nov., Edwardsia profunda sp. nov., Paraedwardsia heia sp. nov., Scolanthus scamiti sp. nov., and Scolanthus triangulus sp. nov. To differentiate the species and address some taxonomic confusion, we redescribe E. californica and provide a key to the species.
A revised and updated checklist of the lizards of Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: GRISMER L. LEE
Published: June 2019

A revised and updated checklist of the lizard fauna of Peninsular Malaysia includes 17 species not present in the most recent checklist (Das & Norsham 2007). Ten of these 17 species were omitted due to apparent oversight and seven others are additions based on subsequent descriptions. An updated taxonomy is employed for the lizard fauna that also alters the species content, bringing the total number of species currently recognized in Peninsular Malaysia from 95 to 108.
New records of deep-sea spider crabs of the genus Cyrtomaia Miers, 1886, from the Pacific Ocean, with description of a new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Majidae)
Authors: DE FORGES BERTRAND RICHER , NG PETER K. L.
Published: June 2019

Recent collections of deep-sea majid crabs from the South Pacific Ocean and Taiwan provide new records of five species of Cyrtomaia Miers, 1886, and a new species from French Polynesia, C. polynesica n. sp. The news species is most similar to the recently described C. micronesica Richer de Forges & Ng, 2007, but differs from this species in the morphology of its carapace and pereopods.
On the validity of Stegoloxodon Kretzoi, 1950 (Mammalia: Proboscidea)
Authors: MARKOV GEORGI N. , SAEGUSA HARUO
Published: June 2019

The binomen Stegoloxodon indonesicus was proposed by Kretzoi (1950) for a dwarfed elephantoid from Java, Indonesia. Based on a single molar from Ci Pangglosoran near Bumiayu initially referred to Elephas planifrons by van der Maarel (1932), Stegoloxodon indonesicus was considered a synonym of Elephas celebensis (Hooijer, 1949) by Maglio (1973). Van den Bergh et al. (1992) accepted a close relationship between these two taxa but argued in support of their separate specific status. Notably, in this and later works (e.g. van den Bergh 1999; van den Bergh et al. 1996, 2001) the generic name used for the two species was “Elephas” between quotation marks, an approach initially adopted for “E.” celebensis by Sondaar (1984, p.229), who noted that the “so-called “Elephas” celebensis from Sulawesi is most probably not Elephas at all”. The uncertain generic position of “E.” celebensis (and “E.” indonesicus) was further emphasized by van den Bergh (1999), who provided a revised diagnosis for “Elephas” celebensis, argued against Maglio’s (1973) hypothesis of paedomorphosis as the reason for primitive characters in this species, and suggested relationship to Primelephas or “one of the Stegotetrabelodontinae”, not entirely rejecting E. planifrons as a possible ancestor however. Van den Bergh’s analysis of “Elephas” celebensis is crucial for the understanding of the affinities of both this taxon and the closely related dwarf from Java but does not take a taxonomical step logically following from the author’s arguments.
The Alabama Bass, Micropterus henshalli (Teleostei: Centrarchidae), from the Mobile River basin
Authors: BAKER WINSTON H. , JOHNSTON CAROL E. , FOLKERTS GEORGE W.
Published: June 2019

The Alabama Bass, Micropterus henshalli, was diagnosed as a subspecies of Micropterus punctulatus from the Mobile River basin, Alabama, Georgia, and Mississippi, USA, by Hubbs and Bailey (1940). The species has been introduced in the Chattahoochee River, as has the Spotted Bass, Micropterus punctulatus. Micropterus henshalli differs from M. punctulatus, with which it has been aligned, by having higher scales counts, a narrower head, smaller scale width, higher gill raker count, and a smaller tooth patch. It also has a narrower and more elongate body shape than does M. punctulatus. The Alabama Bass is relatively common in streams and rivers throughout the Mobile River basin.
Erratum: JAYASANKAR, P. et al. (2008) Molecular Identification of Delphinids and Finless Porpoise (Cetacea) from the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. Zootaxa, 1853, 57-67.
Authors: JAYASANKAR P.
Published: June 2019

(Erratum)
Characterisation of the Larvae of Australian Nacophorini
Authors: YOUNG CATHERINE J.
Published: June 2019

The Australian Nacophorini and related taxa are described using 43 larval morphological characters. A selection of these characters were used previously for a morphological phylogeny of the Australian Ennominae together with characters of the ova and adults. The larvae of 67 species are illustrated using photographs and setal maps. On this basis, tentative comparisons are made between the Australian Nacophorini and the world fauna.
Insects found in birds' nests from Argentina: Anumbius annumbi (Vieillot, 1817) (Aves: Furnariidae)
Authors: TURIENZO PAOLA , IORIO OSVALDO DI
Published: June 2019

Insects found in the nests of Anumbius annumbi (Vieillot) [Aves: Furnariidae] from the provinces of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Entre Ríos, and La Pampa (Argentina) were studied. A total of 20 nests was sampled every 21 days in Buenos Aires, together with the insects found under ritidome of Eucalyptus in the same area. Samples from nests were divided by seasons: end of summer [nest 1]; autumn [nests 2 to 6]; winter [nests 7 to 12]; spring [nests 13 to 16]; summer [nests 17 to 19], and beginning of autumn [nest 20]. A total of 92 species of insects was found, of which only 36 species had been previously reported in the literature from 1943 until 2005. Additional nests were sampled from Santa Fe (3 nests), Entre Ríos (1 nest), and La Pampa (4 nests). Species richness, abundance and diversity per nest are given and discussed. Insects in birds´nests are classified according to their functional guilds (predators; hematophages and parasitoids; detritivores; phytophages and fungivorous); degree of permanence in the nests (temporal inhabitants [hibernants]; permanent inhabitants; accidentals and/or occasionals). Mortality among the insect fauna inside the nests and other dead insects found inside nests, probably prey remains, are cited. The insect fauna under the ritidome of Eucalyptus permits establishment of a habitat gradient: species only found in the nests, species mainly found in the nests and rarely under the ritidome, species found both under the ritidome and in the nests, species mainly found under ritidome and seldom in the nests, and species only found under the ritidome. Comments and remarks are made on selected taxa lacking or with limited biological data. The microhabitat in the tunnels of Ctenomys [Rodentia] is compared with the birds’nests regarding its similar insect fauna. Inquiline birds and mammals are also mentioned.
A revision of the western North Pacific swellsharks, genus Cephaloscyllium Gill 1862 (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae), including descriptions of two new species
Authors: SCHAAF-DA SILVA JAYNA A. , EBERT DAVID A.
Published: June 2019

The genus Cephaloscyllium Gill 1862 (Chondrichthyes, Carcharhiniformes, Scyliorhinidae) until recently had only two species recognized, C. isabellum [= C. umbratile (Jordan & Fowler 1903)] and C. fasciatum Chan 1966, from the western North Pacific (WNP), with one dubious species, C. formosanum, having been described by Teng in 1962. Recently, three additional species were described, C. circulopullum Yano et al. 2005, C. sarawakensis Yano et al. 2005, and C. parvum Inoue & Nakaya 2006 from this region. Here we present a revision of this genus for the WNP, including redescriptions of C. fasciatum and C. umbratile based on the holotypes, a re-examination of the recently described species, and descriptions of two new species from Taiwan. Cephaloscyllium umbratile can be distinguished from its congeners based on maximum size, length of first dorsal-fin base, anal–caudal space, and dorsal–caudal space. We conclude, based on a comparison of C. parvum and C. sarawakensis, that the former is a junior synonym of the latter species. The two new Taiwanese species can be separated from other WNP species by color pattern, shape of the anterior nasal flap, anal and dorsal-fin size, internarial width, and mouth size. Finally, we present a revised dichotomous key to the WNP Cephaloscyllium recognizing six contemporary taxa: C. circulopullum, C. fasciatum, C. sarawakensis, C. umbratile, C. pardelotum sp. nov. and C. maculatum sp. nov.
Keys to Differentiating between Small- and Large-Drop Icing Conditions in Continental Clouds
Authors: Bernstein Ben C. , Rasmussen Roy M. , McDonough Frank , Wolff Cory
Published: June 2019

Using observations from research aircraft flights over the Great Lakes region, synoptic and mesoscale environments that appear to drive a relationship between liquid water content, drop concentration, and drop size are investigated. In particular, conditions that fell within “small drop” and “large drop” regimes are related to cloud and stability profiles, providing insight regarding whether the clouds are tied to the local boundary layer. These findings are supported by analysis of flight data from other parts of North America and used to provide context for several icing incidents and accidents where large-drop icing was noted as a contributing factor. The relationships described for drop size discrimination in continental environments provide clues that can be applied for both human- and model-generated icing forecasts, as well as automated icing algorithms.
Rapid-Update Radar Observations of ZDR Column Depth and Its Use in the Warning Decision Process
Authors: Kuster Charles M. , Snyder Jeffrey C. , Schuur Terry J. , Lindley T. Todd , Heinselman Pamela L. , Furtado Jason C. , Brogden Jeff W. , Toomey Robert
Published: June 2019

The recent dual-polarization upgrade to the National Weather Service radar network provides forecasters with new information to use during operations, yet currently this information is not routinely used to explicitly make warning decisions. One potential way to increase operational use is to link new radar signatures and products to existing forecaster conceptual models and the warning decision process. Over the past several years, a unique dataset consisting of rapid-update (<2-min volumes) radar data of storms over central Oklahoma has been collected to examine possible links between ZDR columns and forecaster conceptual models. In total, over 1400 volume scans from 42 storms—ranging from tornadic supercells to nonsevere multicells—are used to relate ZDR column depth to storm reports and radar signatures typically used to issue warnings, such as −20°C reflectivity core and low-level mesocyclone evolution. After completing the analysis, the following key operational findings emerged: 1) no clear differences exist between the ZDR column depth of tornadic and nontornadic mesocyclones, but statistically significant differences do exist between severe and nonsevere storms, 2) the lead time in advance of severe hail and wind reports provided by peaks in ZDR column depth is greater than that provided by peaks in −20°C reflectivity cores, 3) increases in ZDR column size precede increases in −20°C reflectivity core size by about 3.5–9.0 min, and 4) rapid-update volumetric data captures signature evolution several minutes earlier than conventional-update data therefore providing forecasters more time to anticipate hazards and issue warnings.
Where Did They Go? Tracking Young Adult Follow-up During the Transition From Pediatric to Adult-Oriented Care
Authors: Hart Laura C. , Pollock McLean , Brown Audrey , Shah Nirmish , Chung Richard J. , Sloane Richard , Maslow Gary R.
Published: June 2019

Continuity of care during health care transition is critical. We sought to evaluate electronic medical record clinic attendance data to examine this outcome. We identified 1623 patients (ages 18-27 years) with 1 of 6 childhood-onset chronic conditions and tracked clinic utilization from January 2002 to July 2016. Patients were classified as active in pediatric care; lost from pediatric care; successfully transferred; or lost from adult care. Using random effects logistic regression, we compared the number of days between last pediatric and first adult visit to each clinic’s self-reported transitional care quality score. In this cohort, >44% remained active in care at the end of the study. Clinics with higher proportions of successfully transferred patients had lower median numbers of days between last pediatric and first adult visit and higher transitional care quality scores. Characterizing utilization patterns with electronic medical record data allows health systems to track transitional care outcomes and target improvement efforts.
Who says there’s a problem? Preferences on the sending and receiving of prohibitive voice
Authors: MacMillan Karen , Hurst Charlice , Kelley Ken , Howell Jane , Jung Youngsuhk
Published: June 2019

Which employees are likely to warn leaders about threats to the workplace? When employees do speak up, will these messages gain the leader’s interest? In this article, we rely on theories of power to predict how employee characteristics (work prevention regulatory focus, closeness to the leader (leader-member exchange) and rank) influence whether employees send messages about threats (prohibitive voice). We also explore whether employee characteristics (closeness to the leader and rank) affect leaders’ attention to threat messages. In a two-wave field study with 55 leaders and 214 employees, we found that leaders were more likely to show interest in messages about threats from employees who they were not close to, but who had high rank. However, only employees with a strong work prevention regulatory focus and/or those of higher rank were likely to prioritize the sending of such messages. Although we also expected that employees who had a good relationship with the leader would send more information about threats, we found they were less likely to do so. This research suggests that there may be “opaque zones” in organizations, places where employees are unlikely to warn leaders about threats and where leaders will not pay attention even if they do.
Trajectories and determinants of depressive symptoms among Korean employed women with young children
Authors: Kwon Taeyeon
Published: June 2019

Background:

This study examined the trajectory groups of maternal depressive symptoms of Korean employed women with young children and the association between trajectory group membership and personal, family, social and sociodemographic factors.

Method:

This study used Nagin’s semi-parametric, group-based modeling to analyze 2008 (Wave 1) to 2012 data (Wave 5) from the Panel Study on Korean Children, a nationally representative sample of children.

Results:

Four distinct trajectory groups were identified, namely, a non-depressive symptoms group, increasing subclinical depressive symptoms group, stable moderate depressive symptoms group and severe depressive symptoms group. Results showed that self-esteem, parental stress, child care cooperation of husband, marital satisfaction and social support affected the likelihood of membership in the four depressive symptoms groups.

Conclusion:

Prevention or intervention toward trajectory groups requires integrative approaches that target various factors across multiple contexts.
Use and Habits of the Protagonists of the Story: Cannabis Social Clubs in Barcelona
Authors: Parés-Franquero Òscar , Jubert-Cortiella Xavier , Olivares-Gálvez Sergi , Díaz-Castellano Albert , Jiménez-Garrido Daniel F. , Bouso José Carlos
Published: June 2019

In Spain, cannabis users are turning to Cannabis Social Clubs (CSCs) as an alternative for obtaining supplies of the substance, free from the risks of the illegal market. The current study aims to establish the profile of a sample ( N = 155) of Spanish CSC members and identify the impacts that these clubs have had on their consumption. To conduct the study, we developed a questionnaire structured around various issues related to the socioeconomic profile of users, their patterns of use, and the practical consequences of being a member of a CSC. The most important findings were that belonging to a CSC did not increase cannabis use and that the services that CSCs offer have favorable impacts on CSC members in terms of reducing health risks, providing legal protection, and improving their general well-being. Based on our data, the regulation of CSCs is warranted as a public health strategy regarding cannabis use.
The Association Between Primary Care Physician Compensation and Patterns of Care Delivery, 2012-2015
Authors: Garcia Mosqueira Adrian , Rosenthal Meredith , Barnett Michael L.
Published: June 2019

As health systems seek to incentivize physicians to deliver high-value care, the relationship between physician compensation and health care delivery is an important knowledge gap. To examine physician compensation nationally and its relationship with care delivery, we examined 2012-2015 cross-sectional data on ambulatory primary care physician visits from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. Among 175 762 office visits with 3826 primary care physicians, 15.4% of primary care physicians reported salary-based, 4.5% productivity-based, and 12.9% “mixed” compensation, while 61.4% were practice owners. After adjustment, delivery of out-of-visit/office care was more common for practice owners and “mixed” compensation primary care physicians, while there was little association between compensation type and rates of high- or low-value care delivery. Despite early health reform efforts, the overall landscape of physician compensation has remained strongly tethered to fee-for-service. The lack of consistent association between compensation and care delivery raises questions about the potential impact of payment reform on individual physicians’ behavior.
Technical factors affecting cardiac surgical mortality in Australia
Authors: Chan Justin CY , Gupta Aashray K , Babidge Wendy J , Worthington Michael G , Maddern Guy J
Published: June 2019

Aim

Examination of potentially avoidable issues in surgical deaths can provide a basis for quality improvement. Perioperative technical factors in cardiac surgery may lead or contribute to patient mortality. Using data from a well-established and comprehensive national surgical mortality audit, we aimed to identify and describe clinical management issues leading to mortality in Australian cardiac surgical patients.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of a cardiac surgical dataset from the Australian and New Zealand Audit of Surgical Mortality (February 2009 to December 2015) was undertaken. Clinical management issues related to technical factors were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Technical clinical management issues were categorized based on the most common themes, followed by qualitative analysis of each theme.

Results

We identified 256 patients with least one technical management issues (total 270). Injury to structures was the most common theme ( n = 115, 44.9%), followed by unaddressed surgical pathology ( n = 39, 15.2%) and inadequate myocardial protection ( n = 34, 13.2%). More specifically, the most common structural injury involved the right ventricle, with the aorta and femoral vessels also commonly injured. The most common unaddressed surgical pathology was incomplete coronary revascularization, followed by systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve during mitral repair. Graft failure occurred during coronary artery bypass graft surgery, with a poor target vessel being a common issue.

Conclusion

Technical factors in cardiac surgery resulting in potentially avoidable mortality constitute an important subset of deaths. These findings can inform various stakeholders to improve the quality and safety of surgical care.
Evaluating Parameter Uncertainty in a Simulation Model of Cancer Using Emulators
Authors: de Carvalho Tiago M. , Heijnsdijk Eveline A. M. , Coffeng Luc , de Koning Harry J.
Published: June 2019

Background. Microsimulation models have been extensively used in the field of cancer modeling. However, there is substantial uncertainty regarding estimates from these models, for example, overdiagnosis in prostate cancer. This is usually not thoroughly examined due to the high computational effort required. Objective. To quantify uncertainty in model outcomes due to uncertainty in model parameters, using a computationally efficient emulator (Gaussian process regression) instead of the model. Methods. We use a microsimulation model of prostate cancer (microsimulation screening analysis [MISCAN]) to simulate individual life histories. We analyze the effect of parametric uncertainty on overdiagnosis with probabilistic sensitivity analyses (ProbSAs). To minimize the number of MISCAN runs needed for ProbSAs, we emulate MISCAN, using data pairs of parameter values and outcomes to fit a Gaussian process regression model. We evaluate to what extent the emulator accurately reproduces MISCAN by computing its prediction error. Results. Using an emulator instead of MISCAN, we may reduce the computation time necessary to run a ProbSA by more than 85%. The average relative prediction error of the emulator for overdiagnosis equaled 1.7%. We predicted that 42% of screen-detected men are overdiagnosed, with an associated empirical confidence interval between 38% and 48%. Sensitivity analyses show that the accuracy of the emulator is sensitive to which model parameters are included in the training runs. Conclusions. For a computationally expensive simulation model with a large number of parameters, we show it is possible to conduct a ProbSA, within a reasonable computation time, by using a Gaussian process regression emulator instead of the original simulation model.
Increased expression of aromatase cytochrome P450 enzyme is associated with prolactinoma invasiveness in post-menopausal women
Authors: Su Yin-Xia , Du Guo-Li , Shen Hong-Li , Wang Wen , Bao Jian-Ling , Aierken Aizezijiang , Wang Bo-Wei , Jiang Sheng , Zhu Jun , Gao Xiao-Ming
Published: June 2019

Objectives

To investigate the expression levels of aromatase cytochrome P450 enzyme (P450AROM) and related molecules—estrogen receptor-beta (ER-β), Ki-67, and p53—in prolactinoma tumor tissue from pre- and post-menopausal women, and to determine the associations of tumor invasiveness with expression levels of these genes.

Methods

This study recruited 90 patients with prolactinoma who underwent adenoidectomy between 2012 and 2017. Information was collected regarding clinical characteristics, hormones, laboratory tests, and magnetic resonance imaging-assessed tumor invasiveness. Expression levels of P450AROM, ER-β, Ki-67, and p53 were examined by immunohistochemistry in prolactinoma tissues.

Results

Increased P450AROM expression was found in invasive prolactinoma tissues in post-menopausal women, compared with its expression in non-invasive prolactinoma tissues. ER-β level was significantly higher in patients resistant to treatment with bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist. However, there were no differences in rate of resistance to treatment (8.2% vs. 3.4%) or expression levels of P450AROM, Ki-67, p53, and ER-β between pre- and post-menopausal patients.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrated that increased P450AROM expression in prolactinoma of post-menopausal women was positively associated with invasiveness. Moreover, ER-β level was higher in both pre- and post-menopausal patients who were resistant to dopamine agonist treatment.
Tizanidine hydrochloride exhibits a cytotoxic effect on osteosarcoma cells through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Xing Xue-Wu , Sun Yu-Fu , Zhao Jun , Pan Zi-Xiang , Jiang Wen-Xue
Published: June 2019

Objectives

α2-adrenergic receptors are reportedly involved in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis through regulation of diverse molecules, which implies that it contributes to tumor progression. However, the functional significance of α2-adrenergic receptors in osteosarcoma (OS) is unclear. Tizanidine hydrochloride (THC), an α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, is often used to alleviate symptoms of spasticity. This study investigated the functional implications of THC treatment on human OS cells and the underlying mechanisms of resulting changes.

Methods

The proliferation of U2 OS cells was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8; the migration and invasion capacities of U2 OS cells were then analyzed by transwell assay. Moreover, apoptosis in U2 OS cells was evaluated by flow cytometry and western blot analyses. Additionally, expression levels of key proteins in the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway were measured.

Results

THC inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of U2 OS cells, but promoted apoptosis within these cells. Expression levels of p-AKT, p-mTOR, and p-P70S6K were reduced by exposure to THC, suggesting involvement of PI3K/AKT signaling in THC-induced cytotoxicity within OS cells.

Conclusions

THC may play a novel role in OS cell cytotoxicity, and these findings suggest a potent therapeutic strategy for OS treatment.
Performance Beyond Economic Growth: Alternatives from Growth-Averse Enterprises in the Global South
Authors: Gabriel Cle-Anne , Nazar Samira , Zhu Danfeng , Kirkwood Jodyanne
Published: June 2019

Among other aims, degrowth calls for a deprioritization of economic growth as primary indicator of success. However, deprioritizing economic growth is challenging because it is the antithesis of business as we know it today. Yet, in this study, we find examples of enterprises operating in the renewable energy industry in the Global South, which deprioritize traditional economic growth as their preferred indicator of success. We interviewed 30 renewable energy enterprises (REEs) on the basis of an importance-performance analysis (IPA). Our findings confirm that conventional measures of financial performance are not universally applicable to all enterprises in the Global South. Specifically, we observed that the REEs that are least satisfied with conventional economic performance indicators possess two characteristics in common: (1) they have strong social motivations (e.g., energy access and poverty alleviation) and (2) they are averse to economic growth in the traditional sense. We draw insights from these REEs for the future of post-growth enterprise, including the importance of localness in success and performance appraisal as the Global South transitions toward degrowth. We also introduce 14 alternative performance indicators, suggested by the REEs themselves, which may help bring enterprises closer to post-growth orientation in the Global South.
An improved procedure for acquiring yield curves over a large range of strains
Authors: Zhong Jiru , Xu Tong , Guan Kaishu , Szpunar Jerzy
Published: June 2019

Acquiring a full range of yield curves is a long-standing challenge in material science and engineering. Such curves are extremely important for stress analysis using finite element simulation. In this article, we proposed an improved procedure integrating finite element analysis and hybrid particle swarm optimization to extract a post-necking yield curve from a smooth tensile round bar. The investigated material was 3Cr1MoV. The strain range of the yield curve was extended from 0.0681 mm/mm before necking to 1.5 mm/mm. The results revealed that curves obtained through this procedure are reliable and unique. Three notched round bars were designed to investigate the effects of stress triaxiality on the yield curves. We found that stress triaxiality has a significant influence on curves at large plastic strains (strain > 0.3 mm/mm) and has a negligible effect at low plastic strains (strain < 0.3 mm/mm). Studies revealed that the stress triaxiality-dependent yield curves are related to dilatational plasticity arising from nucleation and growth of voids.
Calcitonin gene-related peptide levels in tear fluid are elevated in migraine patients compared to healthy controls
Authors: Kamm Katharina , Straube Andreas , Ruscheweyh Ruth
Published: June 2019

Background

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) released from trigeminal nerve fibres indicates trigeminal activation and has a key role in migraine pathophysiology. The trigeminal nerve directly innervates the eye. Therefore, in this study, we compared Calcitonin gene-related peptide in tear fluid of migraine patients and healthy controls.

Methods

Calcitonin gene-related peptide concentrations in tear fluid and plasma of 48 episodic and 45 chronic migraine patients and 48 controls were assessed using ELISA.

Results

Calcitonin gene-related peptide levels in tear fluid (0.94 ± 1.11 ng/ml) were ∼140 times higher than plasma concentrations (6.81 ± 4.12 pg/ml). Tear fluid CGRP concentrations were elevated in interictal migraine patients (1.10 ± 1.27 ng/ml, n = 49) compared to controls (0.75 ± 0.80 ng/ml, p = 0.022). There was no difference in tear fluid CGRP levels between interictal episodic and chronic migraine patients (episodic: 1.09 ± 1.47 ng/ml, n = 30 and chronic: 1.10 ± 0.89 ng/ml, n = 19) and no correlation of tear fluid CGRP levels with headache frequency in interictal patients (rho = 0.062, p = 0.674). Unmedicated ictal migraine patients had even more elevated tear fluid CGRP levels than interictal migraine patients (1.92 ± 1.84 ng/ml, n = 13, p = 0.102), while medicated ictal migraine patients had lower levels (0.56 ± 0.47 ng/ml, n = 25, p = 0.011 compared to interictal patients), which were undistinguishable from controls ( p = 0.609). In contrast to tear fluid, no significant group differences were found in plasma CGRP levels.

Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge, this study shows, for the first time, increased CGRP tear fluid levels in migraine patients compared to healthy subjects. Detection of calcitonin gene-related peptide in tear fluid is non-invasive, and likely allows a more direct access to CGRP released from the trigeminal nerve than plasma sampling.
Using Predictive Models to Estimate the Properties of Binders in Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Mixes using Fine Aggregate Matrix Mix Testing
Authors: Elkashef Mohamed , Hung Shawn S. , Jones David , Harvey John
Published: June 2019

A number of predictive models, such as the Hirsch and Al-Khateeb models, have been proposed to determine the properties of asphalt binders from asphalt concrete mix testing results. Fine aggregate matrix (FAM) mix testing can also provide useful insights into the likely performance of asphalt concrete mixes. Consequently, FAM mix testing can be an appropriate means of assessing the predictive power of these models. In this study, FAM mixes prepared with two virgin binders, PG58-28 and PG64-16, and then with different percentages of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) were tested to determine their stiffness and phase angle using temperature-frequency sweeps in a dynamic shear rheometer. The data from the control mixes with no RAP were used along with the rheological properties of the virgin binders to fit the Hirsch and Al-Khateeb models. The fitted models were then used to estimate the properties of the binders in the 15% and 25% RAP FAM mixes. A comparison of the estimated binder properties with the measured binder properties clearly indicated that the fitting parameters are binder dependent. Moreover, the estimated binder moduli deviate from the measured moduli, particularly at high temperatures. The estimated complex shear moduli from the model were found to be consistently higher than the measured shear moduli values of the chemically extracted binders. It was thus concluded that the predictive models studied, in their current form, fail to provide a reliable estimate of the binder properties in mixes containing RAP.
Performance of Portland Cement-Based Rapid-Patching Materials with Different Cement and Accelerator Types, and Cement Contents
Authors: Gholami Shayan , Hu Jiong , Kim Yong-Rak , Mamirov Miras
Published: June 2019

Because of the requirements of opening pavement to traffic after placing repair concrete, it is essential for that concrete to achieve high early strength. To ensure this, a high cement content is generally used in Portland cement-based rapid-patching materials. Besides its associated high cost, high cement content tends to result in a less stable mix with high drying shrinkage, high autogenous shrinkage, high heat of hydration, and cracking potential. In addition, using chloride-based accelerators has adverse effects on concrete durability. Therefore, this paper presents an experimental assessment to improve rapid-patching concrete mixtures by reducing cement content through optimizing aggregate gradation. A non-chloride-based accelerator was also sought to replace the chloride-based accelerator when the accelerators are associated with two different series of patching materials using Type I and III cement, respectively. Fresh, early-age, mechanical, and permeability tests were conducted on each specific mixture design. As an important outcome, patching materials employing lower cement content together with an optimized aggregate gradation can meet the general requirements, which were found from the observation of several key parameters, including early-age strength, setting times, surface resistivity, and heat of hydration. Furthermore, the non-chloride-based accelerator showed promising behavior as an alternative accelerator when it is blended with the proper cement type and content.
Lurking at URPE 50: Selective Observations, Criticisms, Horizons
Authors: Breen Marcus Jonathan
Published: June 2019

How did the 2018 URPE at 50 conference appear to a “lurker,” someone interested, even enthusiastic, about radical political economy but not directly involved in the organization? Based on observations at the conference, the author ponders the absence of research and activist connections between media, communication, and cultural studies and radical political economics. Exploring the rise of intersectionality that has emerged due to digital communication and social media platforms, the author appeals for collaborative efforts to expand the range of interactions to benefit radical political economy as well as the fields of media, communication, and cultural studies.

Jel Classifications: Z18, 033, 035
Calculate, Communicate, and Innovate: Do We Need “Innovate” as a Third Position?
Authors: Hagen Aksel , Higdem Ulla
Published: June 2019

“Innovation” has become a pertinent and frequently used term in relation to public-sector administration and planning. This article is a review of the planning theory debate from the 1960s until today focusing on the definitions, understandings, and uses of the innovation. We seek to answer the following three questions regarding the use of the overlapping terms “innovate,” “innovative,” and “innovation” in planning theory texts: (i) To what extent have they been used? (ii) In what sense and to what purpose? and (iii) Are we heading for a third position (“innovate”) in planning theory, such that “communicate,” “calculate,” and “innovate” are three interplaying approaches?
How Do Knowledge and Attitudes About Children’s Rights Influence Spanking Attitudes?
Authors: Gallitto Elena , Veilleux Gabrielle Josée , Romano Elisa
Published: June 2019

Children’s rights are about treating children with equality, respect, and dignity. Attitudes concerning children’s rights have been linked to support for nurturance and self-determination. However, there is little research on how dimensions of children’s rights are associated with other parenting constructs, such as attitudes toward physical punishment. This study examined the relationship between knowledge of and attitudes toward children’s rights and attitudes toward spanking in a Canadian sample of 329 undergraduate students who completed an online study. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated a significant negative association in that more favorable attitudes toward children’s rights predicted less favorable attitudes toward spanking. There also was a significant moderating effect of child rights knowledge on this relationship, such that greater knowledge enhanced the effects of attitudes toward children’s rights on spanking attitudes. These results raise awareness of the combined role of both knowledge of and attitudes toward children’s rights in influencing spanking attitudes. The results also suggest that one pathway decreasing favorable attitudes toward spanking may be to increase the general public’s knowledge of children’s rights.
Digital Ethnography in an Age of Information Warfare: Notes from the Field
Authors: Kavanaugh Philip R. , Maratea R. J.
Published: June 2019

In this article we engage the nature and role of the Internet in ethnographic research and reflect on how ethnographic methodologies may be adapted when researching digital forms of communication. We further consider how recent shifts in both the production and dissemination of textual discourse in networked media environments complicates conventional approaches to digital ethnography. Drawing on examples from our field research, our principal objective is to apply a Foucauldian structural perspective to David Altheide’s ethnographic content analysis to better contextualize the study of digital communiqué in a cultural moment where discourses are increasingly surveilled, modified, censored and weaponized.
Effect of tip clearance size on the performance of a low-reaction transonic axial compressor rotor
Authors: Zhu Wei , Wang Songtao , Zhang Longxin , Ding Jun , Wang Zhongqi
Published: June 2019

This study aimed to enhance the understanding of flow phenomena in low-reaction aspirated compressors. Three-dimensional, multi-passage steady and unsteady numerical simulations are performed to investigate the performance sensitivity to tip clearance variation on the first-stage rotor of a multistage low-reaction aspirated compressor. Three kinds of tip clearance sizes including 1.0τ, 2.0τ and 3.0τ are modeled, in which 1.0τ corresponds to the designed tip clearance size of 0.2 mm. The steady numerical simulations show that the overall performance of the rotor moves toward lower mass flow rate when the tip clearance size is increased. Moreover, energy losses, efficiency reduction and stall margin decrease are also observed with increasing tip clearance size. This can be mostly attributed to the damaging impact of intense tip clearance flow. For unsteady simulation, the result shows periodical oscillation of the tip leakage vortex and a “two-passage periodic structure” in the tip region at the near-stall point. The occurrence of the periodical oscillation is due to the severe interaction between the tip clearance flow and the shock wave. However, the rotor operating state is still stable at this working point because a dynamic balance is established between the tip clearance flow and incoming flow.