bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Osteitis condensans ilii may demonstrate bone marrow edema on sacroiliac joint magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Ma Ling , Gao Zhenhua , Zhong Yi , Meng Quanfei
Published: July 2017

Aim

To reveal whether bone marrow edema (BME) may appear with osteitis condensans ilii (OCI) on sacroiliac joint (SIJ) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to evaluate the characteristics of BME demonstrated with OCI.

Method

Altogether 27 symptomatic female OCI patients with both complete clinical records and SIJ‐MRI examination data were enrolled for retrospective analysis. SIJ‐MRI exams were retrospectively analyzed by two musculoskeletal radiologists. Patients were separated into BME group and non‐BME group according to whether there was BME of SIJ demonstrated as high signal intensity on MR short tau inversion recovery sequences beneath the SIJ articular surface. For the BME group the characteristics of BME including distribution pattern and location, depth and signal intensity were assessed.

Results

BME could be seen in 48.1% (13/27) OCI patients. Ilium side BME demonstrated with OCI was centered at the ventral‐cartilaginous joint part and had a trend of extending to bone marrow beneath the arcuate line in a continuous distribution pattern. There was a trend that OCI patients with BME demonstrated on MRI were younger (P = 0.054, Student's t‐test) and with shorter pain duration (P = 0.091, Student's t‐test) than OCI patients without BME, but the differences did not reaching statistical significance. More cases endured diagnosis delay in the BME group than the non‐BME group (nine cases vs. two cases, P = 0.006, Fisher's exact test).

Conclusion

Some OCI may demonstrate BME on SIJ‐MRI. Careful observation of the location and distribution pattern of BME may give some help in differentiating OCI from early spondyloarthritis.
Know your industry: the implications of using static GICS classifications in financial research
Authors: Katselas Dean , Sidhu Baljit K. , Yu Chuan
Published: July 2017

Researchers commonly use industry classifications as a means of identifying peer companies to use as a performance benchmark. We describe the structure of commonly used sources of industry classification data available for Australian listed companies, both static and in time series. Next, we run a series of experiments matching firms according to GICS classification data presented in time series versus static data sources. Our results indicate that performance measures are better specified when matching on GICS data from a dynamic relative to a static source. The results of our power tests also underscore the importance of using dynamic industry data.
Availability of services in registered retirement villages in Queensland, Australia: A content analysis
Authors: Hu Xin , Xia Bo , Buys Laurie , Skitmore Martin
Published: July 2017

Objective

The study investigates and compares the services available in different types of registered retirement villages in Queensland (QLD).

Methods

A content analysis based on official websites of 175 registered villages in QLD, Australia, is presented.

Results

This study identifies 82 services, with activity organisation, emergency response, hairdressing and transportation being most frequently available to residents. The number of services available is associated with the village size and financial type, with residents living in large private villages having access to significantly more services.

Conclusion

The research findings reveal the state of the art of current industry practice. They provide useful implications for stakeholders. For instance, residents who prefer to get access to various services should focus more on large private villages. Developers can check their service delivery environment to confirm its balance with residents’ competencies. The government can propose innovative initiatives to promote the delivery of appropriate services in villages.
A novel in vitro model of villitis of unknown etiology demonstrates altered placental hormone and cytokine profile
Authors: Derricott Hayley , Heazell Alexander E.P. , Greenwood Susan L. , Jones Rebecca L.
Published: July 2017

Problem

Placental dysfunction is present over 50% of cases of stillbirth and fetal growth restriction (FGR). Villitis of unknown etiology (VUE), an inflammatory condition of the placenta characterized by maternal T cell infiltrates in the villous stroma and dysregulation of inflammatory cytokines, is more frequent in FGR and stillbirth.

Method of study

A novel in vitro model of placental inflammation was developed to test the hypothesis that inflammatory cells seen in VUE and/or cytokines impair placental function.

Results

Coculture of placental explants with maternal leukocytes resulted in increased leukocytes in villous tissue and elevated concentrations of IL‐1β, IL‐1Ra, IL‐6, IL‐10, and IFN‐γ (P≤.05). Human chorionic gonadotrophin secretion was reduced following coculture with leukocytes (P≤.01) and cytokines (P≤.05).

Conclusion

These observations support the hypothesis that altered placental inflammation has deleterious effects on placental function. This model could be used to further understanding about the pathophysiology of VUE and to test potential therapies.
Views of the obstetric profession on non‐invasive prenatal testing in Aotearoa New Zealand: A national survey
Authors: Filoche Sara K. , Lawton Beverley , Beard Angela , Stone Peter
Published: July 2017

Background

Non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) has been available in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) for approximately four years. It is likely to be introduced into the publicly funded prenatal screening service.

Aim

To explore obstetrician use and views of NIPT, with consideration to its implementation into screening services for Down syndrome and other conditions.

Methods

An anonymous online survey combining Likert scales and free text was designed to assess current practice, knowledge, ethical considerations, counselling and views toward public funding of NIPT. The survey was distributed through the New Zealand members of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (n = 418) and responses collected over a two‐month period in 2016.

Results

There were 134/418 (32.1%) respondents. Current knowledge influenced decisions to offer NIPT (70.3%, 85/121). Confidence in offering NIPT was: ‘not at all’ (0.8%, 1/128); ‘a little’ (7.03%, 9/128), ‘somewhat’ (16.4%, 21/128), ‘quite’ (40.6%, 52/128) and ‘very’ (35.2%, 45/128). A total of 83.5% (101/121) stated NIPT should be publicly funded and NIPT capability developed within NZ (89.1%, 106/119). More information and support on the provision of NIPT was called for.

Conclusion

There was strong support for public funding of NIPT, and for NIPT capability to be developed in NZ. The call for more training, education and support needs to be actioned in order to facilitate the introduction of NIPT into screening services.
Publication rate of General Surgery abstracts presented at the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons Annual Scientific Congress
Authors: Khajehnoori Masoomeh , Stupart Douglas , Watters David
Published: July 2017

Background

A commonly used metric for evaluating the quality and impact of presentations at a scientific meeting is the frequency with which the findings presented are published as full research papers in peer‐reviewed journals. The purpose of this study was to determine the full article publication rates of abstract presentations for General Surgery and related sub‐specialities at the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons Annual Scientific Congress (RACS ASC) from 2010 to 2014.

Methods

All General Surgical (including its sub‐speciality groups) abstracts presented at the RACS ASC from 2010 to 2014 were identified from the ANZ Journal of Surgery. We determined the rates of full paper publication, time to publication, journals of publication and specialty rates of conversion. Full article publications were identified using the PubMed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases.

Results

A total of 1386 abstracts were identified, of which 356 (26%) were converted to full paper publications. The number of abstracts presented annually increased from 206 in 2010 to 386 in 2014, but the percentage of abstracts converted to full paper publications did not follow any temporal trend. The majority (74%) of full papers were published within 2 years of the abstract presentation.

Conclusion

In total, 26% of General Surgery abstracts presented at the RACS ASC from 2010 to 2014 were converted to full paper publications. This could provide a baseline against which to judge the quality of presentations at other national General Surgical congresses, as well as at future RACS ASC meetings.
Extravasation injury in a paediatric population
Authors: Murphy Adrian D. , Gilmour Robert F. , Coombs Chris J.
Published: July 2017

Background

Extravasation occurs when a drug is inadvertently administered outside of the vein. Depending on the substance involved, this may lead to tissue necrosis with significant long‐term morbidity. Children, particularly neonates, are particularly susceptible to extravasation with up to 70% of children in neonatal intensive care unit having some form of extravasation injury. These injuries are commonly referred to plastic surgeons for ongoing management.

Methods

We prospectively collected information on all extravasation injuries referred to the plastic surgery department in a children's hospital over an 18‐month period. Data collected included the agent involved in the extravasation, treatment and outcomes.

Results

In total, there were 43 extravasation injuries recorded on the hospital risk management system during the period of this study. All of these were referred to the plastic surgery team for ongoing management. Five patients (11%) underwent washout of their injuries. Three patients (7%) suffered injuries, which led to significant tissue necrosis, delayed healing and prolonged morbidity.

Conclusion

Smaller infants, particularly those being cared for in an intensive care setting, are at increased risk for extravasation injury. Early referral and treatment of high‐risk extravasation injuries may reduce the incidence of tissue loss and morbidity.
Video‐assisted thoracic surgery and jejunal reconstruction in a case of situs inversus totalis with esophageal cancer
Authors: Hosoda Kei , Yamashita Keishi , Moriya Hiromitsu , Nemoto Mitsuru , Mieno Hiroaki , Ema Akira , Washio Marie , Watanabe Masahiko
Published: July 2017

A 78‐year‐old man with situs inversus totalis who had a previous history of distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer was referred to our hospital for treatment of esophageal cancer. He was diagnosed as cT2N0M0 and underwent video‐assisted thoracic surgery and open completion gastrectomy with jejunal reconstruction via the ante‐thoracic route. The postoperative period was uneventful except for transient palsy of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve. Based on a preoperative assessment of anatomical abnormality and an intraoperative adaptation to the mirror image of the standard procedure, video‐assisted esophagectomy was considered safe and feasible. It can be recommended for patients with esophageal cancer complicated by situs inversus totalis. This is the first case report of a patient with situs inversus totalis who underwent video‐assisted esophagectomy with jejunal reconstruction. Relevant literature is also discussed and reviewed.
Outcomes for Patients with apparent Chronic Idiopathic Pelvic Pain and associated Pelvic Floor Disorders undergoing Laparoscopic Ventral Mesh Rectopexy
Authors: Newman A , Greenslade G L , McCarthy K , Dixon A R
Published: July 2017

This article has been temporarily withdrawn, with the agreement of all authors and the journal editor, whilst an investigated is being carried out by the North Bristol NHS Trust and the General Medical Council following some concerns raised.
Role of domain in pattern formation
Authors: Seirin‐Lee Sungrim
Published: July 2017

Pattern formation during development is one of the elegant self‐organized phenomena that allow cells to regulate their functions. At all levels, from DNA to a tissue or organ, many developmental processes include the determination of cellular functions through pattern formation. To elucidate the mechanism underlying pattern formation, numerous mathematical models have been developed and applied. However, model simplification has resulted in the role of domains not being seriously considered in pattern formation. Here, we introduce a novel application of the phase‐field method for analysis of chromatin dynamics, and a mathematical approach that includes domain information into a biochemical model of pattern formation. Using this new modeling method, here, we consider the role of nuclear and cellular cell shapes on pattern formation.
Single right coronary artery with absence of the left main coronary artery, left anterior descending artery, and circumflex artery
Authors: Saglam Muzaffer , Dogan Demet , Sahin Sinan , Turkkan Ceyhan , Kula Osman
Published: July 2017

Single coronary artery is an extremely rare congenital coronary anomaly in which the entire coronary arterial system arises from a solitary ostium. The Lipton's classification is used for single coronary artery anomalies. Herein, we present a 72‐year‐old woman with single coronary artery anomaly admitted with atypical chest pain. Coronary angiography and multidetector computed tomography coronary angiography findings were shared.
THE EFFECT OF MINIMUM WAGES ON EMPLOYMENT: A FACTOR MODEL APPROACH
Authors: Totty Evan
Published: July 2017

This paper uses factor model methods to resolve issues in the minimum wage‐employment debate. Factor model methods provide a more flexible way of addressing concerns related to unobserved heterogeneity that are robust to critiques from either side of the debate. The factor model estimators produce minimum wage‐employment elasticity estimates that are much smaller than the traditional ordinary least squares (OLS) results and are not statistically different from zero. These results hold for many specifications and datasets from the minimum wage‐employment literature. A simulation shows that unobserved common factors can explain the different estimates seen across methodologies in the literature. (JEL C23, J21, K31)
Evidence from nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the processes of soil organic carbon accumulation under long‐term fertilizer management
Authors: Xu J. S. , Zhao B. Z. , Chu W. Y. , Mao J. D. , Olk D. C. , Zhang J. B. , Wei W. X.
Published: July 2017

Long‐term application of fertilizers has a considerable effect on the accumulation of soil organic carbon (SOC), but the underlying processes remain unclear. We have examined the effects in the soil of two long‐term (> 20 years) field experiments of a double‐cropped maize (Zea maysL.)–wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) rotation on aCalcaricFluvisol and paddy rice (Oryza sativaL) on aHydragricAnthrosol. The chemical structures of theSOCwere characterized with multiple cross‐polarization magic‐angle spinning13Cnuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The treatments included organic fertilizer (OF) only, combinedNPK(nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) fertilizer withOF(NPKOF), mineral fertilizer pairings ofNPK,NPandNK, and an unamended control. The continuous fertilizer treatments did not change the chemical composition of theAnthrosolSOCgreatly except that theNPKOFtreatment slightly enriched aromaticCand depletedO–alkylCcompared with theControl. All the treatments on theAnthrosol soil resulted inSOCaccumulation, but to different extents. Principal component analysis of theAnthrosol andFluvisol showed different relationships between the soil properties and functional groups. TheFluvisolSOCdecreased in the order balanced fertilizer treatments (OF,NPKOFandNPK),NP, Control andNKtreatments. The main structural changes of theFluvisolSOCfollowed the same order with a decrease in the abundance of aromaticCO, aromaticC, anomericC,O–alkylCandOCH3/NCH, and an increase inCOO/NCOand alkylC, which led to an increase in alkyl–C/O–alkyl–Cratios and a decrease in aromaticity values. These results suggest thatSOCaccumulation with balanced fertilization on theFluvisol can be attributed to less decomposition and more humification of the organic materials, whereas the smallestSOCcontent associated withPomission can be ascribed to more complete decomposition to gaseous end products. We consider that the chemical compositions ofSOCmay be altered by long‐term fertilizer treatments, depending on the soil type.

Highlights

How does soil organic carbon (SOC) change in response to long‐term fertilizer management?

Improved understanding ofSOCaccumulation inFluvisol andAnthrosol agricultural soils.

Phosphorus omission in theFluvisol retarded the accumulation and stimulated the decomposition ofSOC.

Fertilizer treatments affected chemical composition ofSOCof theFluvisol, but not theAnthrosol.
The role of ecology, neutral processes and antagonistic coevolution in an apparent sexual arms race
Authors: Perry Jennifer C. , Garroway Colin J. , Rowe Locke
Published: July 2017

Some of the strongest examples of a sexual ‘arms race’ come from observations of correlated evolution in sexually antagonistic traits among populations. However, it remains unclear whether these cases truly represent sexually antagonistic coevolution; alternatively, ecological or neutral processes might also drive correlated evolution. To investigate these alternatives, we evaluated the contributions of intersex genetic correlations, ecological context, neutral genetic divergence and sexual coevolution in the correlated evolution of antagonistic traits among populations of Gerris incognitus water striders. We could not detect intersex genetic correlations for these sexually antagonistic traits. Ecological variation was related to population variation in the key female antagonistic trait (spine length, a defence against males), as well as body size. Nevertheless, population covariation between sexually antagonistic traits remained substantial and significant even after accounting for all of these processes. Our results therefore provide strong evidence for a contemporary sexual arms race.
Epilepsy: Transition from pediatric to adult care. Recommendations of the Ontario epilepsy implementation task force
Authors: Andrade Danielle M. , Bassett Anne S. , Bercovici Eduard , Borlot Felippe , Bui Esther , Camfield Peter , Clozza Guida Quaglia , Cohen Eyal , Gofine Timothy , Graves Lisa , Greenaway Jon , Guttman Beverly , Guttman‐Slater Maya , Hassan Ayman , Henze Megan , Kaufman Miriam , Lawless Bernard , Lee Hannah , Lindzon Lezlee , Lomax Lysa Boissé , McAndrews Mary Pat , Menna‐Dack Dolly , Minassian Berge A. , Mulligan Janice , Nabbout Rima , Nejm Tracy , Secco Mary , Sellers Laurene , Shapiro Michelle , Slegr Marie , Smith Rosie , Szatmari Peter , Tao Leeping , Vogt Anastasia , Whiting Sharon , Carter Snead O.
Published: July 2017

The transition from a pediatric to adult health care system is challenging for many youths with epilepsy and their families. Recently, the Ministry of Health and Long‐Term Care of the Province of Ontario, Canada, created a transition working group (TWG) to develop recommendations for the transition process for patients with epilepsy in the Province of Ontario. Herein we present an executive summary of this work. The TWG was composed of a multidisciplinary group of pediatric and adult epileptologists, psychiatrists, and family doctors from academia and from the community; neurologists from the community; nurses and social workers from pediatric and adult epilepsy programs; adolescent medicine physician specialists; a team of physicians, nurses, and social workers dedicated to patients with complex care needs; a lawyer; an occupational therapist; representatives from community epilepsy agencies; patients with epilepsy; parents of patients with epilepsy and severe intellectual disability; and project managers. Three main areas were addressed: (1) Diagnosis and Management of Seizures; 2) Mental Health and Psychosocial Needs; and 3) Financial, Community, and Legal Supports. Although there are no systematic studies on the outcomes of transition programs, the impressions of the TWG are as follows. Teenagers at risk of poor transition should be identified early. The care coordination between pediatric and adult neurologists and other specialists should begin before the actual transfer. The transition period is the ideal time to rethink the diagnosis and repeat diagnostic testing where indicated (particularly genetic testing, which now can uncover more etiologies than when patients were initially evaluated many years ago). Some screening tests should be repeated after the move to the adult system. The seven steps proposed herein may facilitate transition, thereby promoting uninterrupted and adequate care for youth with epilepsy leaving the pediatric system.
Prevalence and outcome of late‐onset seizures due to autoimmune etiology: A prospective observational population‐based cohort study
Authors: von Podewils Felix , Suesse Marie , Geithner Julia , Gaida Bernadette , Wang Zhong I. , Lange Julia , Dressel Alexander , Grothe Matthias , Kessler Christof , Langner Soenke , Runge Uwe , Bien Christian G.
Published: July 2017

Objective

The increasing incidence of new‐onset seizures with age is well known. Often, the etiology cannot be clarified. In the present study, patients with unprovoked late‐onset seizures and without known neoplasm, who might have had paraneoplastic encephalitis, were investigated for a potentially underlying autoimmunity.

Methods

Sixty‐six consecutive patients (36 women; aged ≥55 years) after having at least one seizure or seizures for ≤6 months were prospectively identified over a period of 4.75 years. All patients were tested for serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) antibodies (Abs) to both neural cell‐surface and intracellular antigens. Forty‐five (68%) underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Follow‐up in Ab‐positive cases was ≥6 months.

Results

Two patients had high titers of anti‐CASPR2 (contactin‐associated protein‐like 2) Abs in serum and CSF and fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of definite limbic encephalitis. Another two patients had bilateral encephalitic temporal MRI abnormalities. They also satisfied the criteria of definite limbic encephalitis, even though they had no Abs in serum or CSF. All four were in the age range of 55–70 years. They received immunotherapy and/or antiepileptic drug treatment and became seizure‐free.

Significance

Our findings suggest that autoimmunity should be considered an important etiology in patients with late‐onset seizures. Testing for neural antibodies and brain MRI may be worthwhile in this patient group.
Consistent valuation of project finance and LBOs using the flows‐to‐equity method
Authors: Cooper Ian A. , Nyborg Kjell G.
Published: July 2017

The flows‐to‐equity method is used to value transactions where debt amortizes according to a fixed schedule, requiring a formula that links the changing leverage with a time‐varying equity discount rate. We show that extant formulas yield incorrect valuations because they are inconsistent with the basic assumptions of this method. The error from using the wrong formula can be large, especially at currently low interest rates. We derive a formula that captures the effects of a fixed debt plan, potentially expensive debt, and costs of financial distress. We resolve an important issue about what to use as the cost of debt.
Dual boundary element method and finite element method for mixed‐mode crack propagation simulations in a cracked hollow shaft
Authors: Citarella R. , Giannella V. , Lepore M. , Dhondt G.
Published: July 2017

Three‐dimensional mixed‐mode crack propagation simulations were performed by means of the dual boundary element method code BEASY and 2 finite element method‐based crack propagation codes: ZENCRACK (ZC) and CRACKTRACER3D (CT3D). The stress intensity factors (SIFs) along the front of an initial semielliptical crack, initiated from the external surface of a shaft, were calculated for 4 different load cases: bending, press fit, shear, and torsion. The methods used for the SIF assessment along the crack front were the J‐integral for BEASY and ZC and the quarter point element stress method for CT3D. Subsequently, crack propagation simulations were performed, with the crack growth rate evaluated by using Paris' law, calibrated for the material at stake (American Society for Testing and Materials A469 steel). The kink angles were evaluated by using the minimum strain energy density and maximum tangential stress criteria for BEASY, the maximum energy release rate and maximum tangential stress for ZC, and the maximum principal asymptotic stress for CT3D. The results obtained in terms of SIFs and crack propagation life show very good agreement among the 3 codes. Also, the shape of the propagated crack, which is significantly out‐of‐plane for the shear and torsion loading, matched very well.
Ecological eustress? Nutrient supply, bloom stimulation and competition determine dominance of the diatom Didymosphenia geminata
Authors: Bray Jonathan , Kilroy Cathy , Gerbeaux Philippe , Harding Jon S.
Published: July 2017

Nuisance proliferations of the invasive benthic alga Didymosphenia geminata (Bacillariophyceae) are of major concern in many temperate regions due to their severe effects on river habitats and communities. Proliferations result from the production of basal stalk material, stimulated by phosphorus limited, high light conditions. An unresolved disconnect occurs where nitrogen and phosphorus are observed to stimulate D. geminata cell division, but, within a realised niche, disappearance or establishment failure occurs where dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) concentrations occur above c. 2–5 μg/L.

Our aims were to examine the mechanisms behind D. geminata bloom stimulation and absence/disappearance. We examined: (1a) whether prolonged nitrogen (NaNO3 – N) and phosphorus (NaH2PO4 – P) addition would stimulate cell division, and (1b) whether subsequent nutrient limitation stimulated stalk production; (2) whether the mechanism behind D. geminata absence at >5 μg/L DRP, occurred either as (2a) a deleterious consequence of prolonged N + P exposure or (2b) was associated with increasing densities of co‐occurring algae; and (3) whether water velocity stimulated D. geminata cell division thereby influencing outcomes.

Didymosphenia geminata cell densities, frequencies of dividing cells, stalk production and densities of competing algae were examined in flow‐through channel mesocosms over 8 weeks. Treatments included: Waitaki River water (control); N + P amended water; and two treatments in which nutrient amendments were changed over time, these being N + P to N, and N + P to Waitaki water.

Continued N + P amendment was positively correlated with D. geminata cell densities. N‐replete P‐limited channels, however, accrued greatest densities of D. geminata cells, stalk fragments and dividing cells. Results suggest that within a realised niche short term N + P amendment followed by chronic P limitation could either hasten and/or worsen bloom development.

Water velocity influenced community successional trajectories and D. geminata fitness outcomes. Across all nutrient and velocity treatments, a decline in D. geminata cell densities and cell division was correlated with increasing densities of competing algae.

Phosphorus limitation stimulating stalk production appears to be an example of physiological stress resulting in increased fitness (known as eustress) and D. geminata dominance. This contrasts with a general pattern of competitive exclusion as nutrient concentrations increase.
Evolutionary divergence in freshwater insects with contrasting dispersal capacity across a sea of desert
Authors: Razeng Emma , Smith Amy E. , Harrisson Katherine A. , Pavlova Alexandra , Nguyen Thuy , Pinder Adrian , Suter Phil , Webb Jeff , Gardner Michael G. , Brim Box Jayne , Thompson Ross , Davis Jenny , Sunnucks Paul
Published: July 2017

Arid landscapes pose arguably one of the greatest challenges to dispersal of aquatic insects, and may drive speciation in taxa with low dispersal potential. We investigated genetic divergence in aquatic insects with high and low dispersal potential between two regions within the Australian arid zone. We used two dragonfly species to infer patterns for strong‐dispersing species, and mayfly species from two genera to represent weak‐dispersing species. Based on dispersal‐related traits of the taxa, we predicted that dragonflies would show little divergence between and within the two geographical regions, while mayflies would show evidence of genetic isolation, with divergence timing associated with aridification in Australia.

Samples were collected from perennial pools in ephemeral stream networks in central and western Australia. The two study regions are separated by approximately 1,500 km of predominantly dune desert. Collected insects were sequenced for one mitochondrial and one nuclear marker. We investigated spatial distribution of haplotypes, estimated divergence dates for identified mayfly lineages, and performed phylogenetic reconstruction to investigate relationships with known congeners.

Both dragonfly species showed evidence of recent or ongoing gene flow between the central and western Australian study regions. In contrast, mayflies showed evidence of ancient, but not recent, gene flow between regions, with species‐level CO1 divergence within regions. We found 11 previously unknown putative mayfly species, that if confirmed could double the known diversity within these genera in Australia. Timing of divergence events for mayflies coincided with the development of the Australian arid zone, and phylogenetic relationships are similar to divergence patterns found in other Australian arid taxa.

The findings of this study suggest that aridification is more likely to be a driver of diversification in taxa with low dispersal potential than in those with high dispersal potential. This is because effective aerial dispersal is integral for maintaining gene flow when aquatic connections are lost between distant populations, and reduced gene flow can promote genetic divergence.
Depth distribution of the native freshwater mussel (Echyridella menziesii) in warm monomictic lakes: Towards a general model for mussels in lakes
Authors: Cyr Hélène , Phillips Ngaire , Butterworth Joseph
Published: July 2017

Freshwater mussels are large, long‐lived and can be important contributors to benthic biomass and processes. They are currently one of the most endangered groups of organisms and it is urgent to develop tools to predict their distribution and the potential effect of their decline or disappearance on these ecosystems. Cyr () showed that the distribution of Elliptio complanata (Unionidae) in Canadian Shield lakes is constrained by physical forces. Here we test Cyr's model in a very different group of mussels (Hyriidae), in different types of lakes (warm monomictic lakes) that cover a wider range of sizes and morphologies.

We use data on the depth distribution of Echyridella menziesii along 38 depth transects in 11 warm monomictic lakes located in New Zealand to test three hypotheses: (1) wave‐mixed depth and bottom slope are good predictors of the depth of maximum mussel density, (2) thermocline depth does not limit the distribution of mussels in warm monomictic lakes, and (3) the lower boundary of mussel distribution is determined by the mud deposition boundary.

Mussels in New Zealand lakes reach their maximum density within the epilimnion, at increasing depths with increasing lake size and increasing site exposure. The only exceptions were found in large lakes or parts of large lakes with shallow bathymetric slopes, where high mussel densities were found in relatively shallow waters. Mussel density peaks are found much deeper in the volcanic New Zealand lakes than in (glacial) Canadian Shield lakes, a discrepancy we hypothesise could be due to lower sediment stability along the steep slopes of volcanic lakes.

Mussels appear to have a very broad range of depth distribution in these warm monomictic lakes. The deepest samples collected in deep oligotrophic lakes (down to 12–30 m) all contained mussels, often in substantial numbers (up to 2–186 mussels/m2), and can only offer a minimal estimate of the lower boundary of their distribution. However, the distribution of mussels in highly productive lakes is limited by hypolimnetic anoxia, and therefore by position of the thermocline.

Echyridella menziesii are found in a wide range of substrates. Mussels were found below the mud deposition boundary in many lakes, suggesting that the presence of fine flocculent organic sediments does not prevent them from living in deep areas.

The distribution of E. menziesii in warm monomictic lakes appears to be governed by relatively simple physical processes. This supports findings for a very different group of mussels in Canadian Shield lakes and suggests that general models could be developed to predict the distribution of mussels in lakes.
Cultural Sexism is Ordinary: Writing and Re‐Writing Women in Academia
Authors: Savigny Heather
Published: July 2017

When we ‘write women’ in academia, the focus in much of the literature to date has been to writeaboutwomen. The focus of this article is the writing of women themselves; to give voice to women's experiences as constructors of knowledge. Through so doing this article uses writing as praxis; as a mechanism to disrupt, challenge and open a space for renegotiation of cultural norms within academic institutions. Based on qualitative data collection over a six‐year period, this article writes women's experiences and unpacks the way in which cultural sexism has become an ordinary feature of women's academic lives. It also considers ways in which the underlying cultural interpretations of hegemonic masculinized structures may be re‐written.
The Role of Independent Expert Reports in Australian M&A Market
Authors: Nguyen Giang Duc
Published: July 2017

This paper examines the role of independent expert reports in Australian M&A market. Using a comprehensive sample of 2888 transactions between 1991 and 2013, I find that a “neither fair nor reasonable” opinion forces the acquirer to increase the offer premium by 5%, ceteris paribus. The finding remains robust after controlling for the target's bargaining power measured by the residual values of initial premiums that are not explained by observable firm‐deal characteristics. The target that has a weak bargaining position tends to receive less effect of an unfavorable report. In addition, a “fair and reasonable” opinion increases the probability of success, while the unfavorable report does not affect the transaction outcome. I identify the causal effect of expert opinions by differences‐in‐differences analysis using the Duke case decision.
Comparison of long‐term safety of fixed‐dose combinations azilsartan medoxomil/chlorthalidone vs olmesartan medoxomil/hydrochlorothiazide
Authors: Neutel Joel M. , Cushman William C. , Lloyd Eric , Barger Bruce , Handley Alison
Published: July 2017

This 52‐week, randomized, open‐label study evaluated long‐term safety/tolerability of fixed‐dose combination azilsartan medoxomil/chlorthalidone (AZL‐M/CLD) vs fixed‐dose combination olmesartan medoxomil/hydrochlorothiazide (OLM/HCTZ) in patients with essential hypertension (stage 2; clinic systolic blood pressure 160–190 mm Hg). Initial AZL‐M/CLD 40/12.5 mg/d (n=418) or OLM/HCTZ 20/12.5 mg/d (n=419) could be uptitrated during weeks 4 to 52 (AZL‐M/CLD to 80/25 mg; OLM/HCTZ to 40/25 mg [United States] or 20/25 mg [Europe]) to meet blood pressure targets. Treatment‐emergent adverse events/serious adverse events occurred in 78.5%/5.7% of patients taking AZL‐M/CLD vs 76.4%/6.2% taking OLM/HCTZ. The most frequent adverse events were dizziness (16.3% vs 12.6%), blood creatinine increase (21.5% vs 8.6%), headache (7.4% vs 11.0%), and nasopharyngitis (12.2% vs 11.5%). Hypokalemia was uncommon (1.0% vs 0.7%). Greater blood pressure reductions with AZL‐M/CLD by week 2 were maintained throughout the study, despite less uptitration (32.3% vs 48.9% with OLM/HCTZ). Fixed‐dose combination AZL‐M/CLD showed an encouraging benefit‐risk profile when used per standard clinical practice in a titrate‐to‐target strategy.
Infantile hemangiomas with minimal or arrested growth associated with soft tissue hypertrophy: a case series of 10 patients
Authors: Planas‐Ciudad S. , Roé Crespo E. , Sánchez‐Carpintero I. , Frieden I.J. , Martín‐Santiago A. , Redondo Bellón P. , Moreno Artero E. , Osier E. , Puig Sanz L. , Baselga Torres E.
Published: July 2017

Background

Infantile hemangiomas with minimal or arrested growth (IH‐MAGs) are characterized by a proliferative component of <25% of its surface area. The co‐occurrence of IH‐MAGs and soft tissue anomalies is rare, and case series of this association are lacking.

Objective

We present 10 cases of IH‐MAGs associated with soft tissue hypertrophy and describe their clinical features.

Methods

We reviewed all infantile hemangiomas with minimal or arrested growth seen between 2009 and 2016 in the dermatology clinic department at Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona. To collect more patients, we also requested cases from the Hemangioma Investigator Group and members of the Spanish Society of Vascular Anomalies.

Results

Ten patients had IH‐MAGs associated with soft tissue hypertrophy; seven involving the arm and three involving the leg. All displayed a segmental pattern, a doughy and puffy texture and prominent surface veins. No significant asymmetries in limbs and no other visceral anomalies were observed at follow‐up (range 15 months to 7 years). One patient reported coldness in the limb with infantile hemangioma, but RMI‐angiography did not disclose a vascular malformation underneath the lesion. Ulceration was observed in three patients. The proliferative component in all IH‐MAGs had faded at 1‐year follow‐up, while soft tissue hypertrophy and prominent vessels remained unchanged.

Conclusions

In this first case series of IH‐MAGS associated with soft tissue hypertrophy, soft tissue hypertrophy was not progressive and remained unchanged over time, unlike the proliferative component of classic infantile hemangioma. The origin of the prominent vessels and the higher ulceration risk are unknown; however, these findings are probably related to a minor disruption of local vessels not detected in imaging tests.
Tumescent local anaesthesia for early dermatosurgery in infants
Authors: Heister M. , Häfner H.M. , Breuninger H. , Schulz C. , Meier K. , Kofler L. , Spott C. , Röcken M. , Schnabl S.M. , Eberle F.C.
Published: July 2017

Background

Early paediatric dermatosurgery reveals excellent cosmetic results due to high skin elasticity and pronounced capacity to recover from trauma. Furthermore, the size of skin lesions increases during life proportionally to skin growth and therefore early removal is of major importance. Selected local anaesthetics like prilocaine can cause methaemoglobinemia. However, in contrast to general anaesthesia, many other local anaesthetics do not bare any major risks for infants.

Objective

In this retrospective study, we analysed infants aged less than 7 months receiving tumescent local anaesthesia (TLA) followed by dermatosurgery at our department between 2005 and 2015. The analysis is mainly based on our records. Additional information for a subset of patients was gained by a postoperative survey.

Methods

Ninety‐two infants (39 male, 53 female) with a median age of 4.2 months (range: 1.5 months; 6.7 months) were included in this study. Additional postoperative information was available for 33 of the 92 studied patients (35%).

Results

Infants were mainly operated for removal of a melanocytic naevus (n = 54), followed by haemangioma (n = 23), naevus sebaceous (n = 6) and other lesions (n = 9). The lesions were located on the scalp or neck (n = 31), on the extremities (n = 31), on the trunk (n = 21), in the face (n = 6) or on the buttocks (n = 3). The median size of excision was 509 mm2 (range: 16 mm2; 3600 mm2). Primary defect closure was performed by intracutaneous (n = 68) or extracutaneous (n = 24) suture techniques. No side‐effects of local anaesthesia were observed in any patient. Postoperative complications include pain (1/33; 3%), wound‐healing disorder (1/33; 3%) and visible severe scarring (2/33; 6%).

Conclusions

The combination of TLA and dermatosurgery in infants is a suitable outpatient treatment option for small lesions without any major risks or side‐effects and the benefit of prolonged postoperative analgesia.
Systematic development of esthetics and function in a young patient with maxillary dental aplasia
Authors: Edelhoff D. , Prandtner O. , Saeidi Pour R. , Wichelhaus A. , Liebermann A.
Published: July 2017

Objectives

Full‐arch rehabilitations in young patients suffering from dental agenesis should compensate for the reduced vertical dimension of occlusion and restore both esthetics and function at minimal biological cost. This requires precise planning and maximum patient compliance during the preprosthetic phase. The pretreatment period with tooth‐colored splints promotes a predictable outcome of the final restorations.

Clinical considerations: Thanks to better restorative materials and adhesive techniques and increased knowledge of how to preserve sound tooth structures, prosthetic dentistry has increasingly turned toward minimally invasive procedures. The present clinical case documents a minimally/non‐invasive maxillary full‐arch rehabilitation of an agenesis patient with multiple dental aplasia, primary tooth persistence, and deficits in bone growth. The patient was pretreated with a tooth‐colored CAD/CAM polycarbonate splint. Adequate esthetics and function were achieved by two zirconia‐based single‐wing adhesive fixed dental prostheses to replace the upper lateral incisors, lithium disilicate ceramic partial crowns for the posterior regions, and two feldspathic veneers for the upper central incisors.

Conclusions

Non‐invasive pretreatment with a removable tooth‐colored splint realizes the treatment goal simply and safely, reduces treatment time, increases predictability, and facilitates the transfer of the prototype to the final restorations. New restorative options permit the minimally invasive treatment of such patients.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

A pretreatment with a removable tooth‐colored splint offers a simple and safe way to define the treatment goal, reduces treatment time, increases predictability, and facilitates the transfer of the results to the final restorations even in complex cases. New restorative options permit minimally invasive treatments of young patients with multiple dental agenesis.
Noradrenergic modulation of gonadotrophin‐inhibitory hormone gene expression in the brain of Japanese quail
Authors: Tobari Y. , Kansaku N. , Tsutsui K.
Published: July 2017

Gonadotrophin‐inhibitory hormone (GnIH) is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that inhibits gonadotrophin synthesis and release in birds and mammals. In Japanese quail, GnIH neurones express the noradrenergic receptor and receive noradrenergic innervation. Treatment with noradrenaline (NA) stimulates GnIH release from diencephalic tissue blocks in vitro. However, the effects of NA on hypothalamic GnIH gene expression have not been determined. We investigated noradrenergic regulation of GnIH gene expression in the brain of male quail using the selective noradrenergic neurotoxin N‐(2‐chloroethyl)‐N‐ethyl‐2‐bromobenzylamine hydrochloride (DSP‐4). We first showed that DSP‐4 reduced the number of noradrenergic (dopamine‐β‐hydroxylase immunoreactive) cells in the locus coeruleus (LoC) and specifically lowered the NA concentration in the hypothalamus of male quail. Other monoamines, such as dopamine and serotonin, were not affected by drug treatment. DSP‐4 did not decrease the numbers of noradrenergic cells of the lateral tegmental cell group, nor the plasma NA concentration. Decreased hypothalamic NA levels after DSP‐4 treatment did not change GnIH gene expression in the brains of quail during their interaction with conspecifics. On the other hand, GnIH gene expression increased in the brains of quail socially isolated for 1 hour after DSP‐4 treatment. These results suggest that some noradrenergic neurones have inhibitory effects on GnIH gene expression of the hypothalamus in solitary quail.
Direct and tunable modulation of protein levels in rice and wheat with a synthetic small molecule
Authors: Zhang Jingbo , Yin Kangquan , Sun Juan , Gao Jinlan , Du Qiuli , Li Huali , Qiu Jin‐Long
Published: July 2017

Direct control of protein level enables rapid and efficient analyses of gene functions in crops. Previously, we developed the RDDK‐Shield1 (Shld1) system in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana for direct modulation of protein stabilization using a synthetic small molecule. However, it was unclear whether this system is applicable to economically important crops. In this study, we show that the RDDK‐Shld1 system enables rapid and tunable control of protein levels in rice and wheat. Accumulation of RDDK fusion proteins can be reversibly and spatio‐temporally controlled by the synthetic small‐molecule Shld1. Moreover, RDDK‐Bar and RDDK‐Pid3 fusions confer herbicide and rice blast resistance, respectively, in a Shld1‐dependent manner. Therefore, the RDDK‐Shld1 system provides a reversible and tunable technique for controlling protein functions and conditional expression of transgenes in crops.
Theistic Modal Realism II: Theoretical Benefits
Authors: Almeida Michael
Published: July 2017

In Sections 1–7, I provide a detailed description of some of the advantages of theistic modal realism. The aim is to show specifically how theistic modal realism solves many of the intractable problems of philosophical theology. A detailed description of all of the advantages would require a much longer treatment. The aim is to give a good sense of the theoretical benefits that theistic modal realism affords traditional theists. I offer some concluding remarks in Section 8.
Fluid Inclusions and Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Lead Isotopes of the Antuoling Molybdenum Deposit, Northern Taihang Mountains, China
Authors: Zhe Meng , Hu Jian‐zhong , Song Yang , Zhang Xue‐qin , Ding Hai‐yang , Zhou Wei
Published: July 2017

The Antuoling Mo deposit is a major porphyry‐type deposit in the polymetallic metallogenic belt of the northern Taihang Mountains, China. The processes of mineralization in this deposit can be divided into three stages: an early quartz–pyrite stage, a middle quartz–polymetallic sulfide stage, and a late quartz–carbonate stage. Four types of primary fluid inclusions are found in the deposit: two‐phase aqueous inclusions, daughter‐mineral‐bearing multiphase inclusions, CO2–H2O inclusions, and pure CO2 inclusions. From the early to the late ore‐forming stages, the homogenization temperatures of the fluid inclusions are 300 to >500°C, 270–425°C, and 195–330°C, respectively, with salinities of up to 50.2 wt%, 5.3–47.3 wt%, and 2.2–10.4 wt% NaCl equivalent, revealing that the ore‐forming fluids changed from high temperature and high salinity to lower temperature and lower salinity. Moreover, based on the laser Raman spectra, the compositions of the fluid inclusions evolved from the NaCl–CO2–H2O to the NaCl–H2O system. The δ18OH2O and δD values of quartz in the deposit range from +3.9‰ to +7.0‰ and −117.5‰ to −134.2‰, respectively, reflecting the δD of local meteoric water after oxygen isotopic exchange with host rocks. The Pb isotope values of the sulfides (208Pb/204Pb, 36.320–37.428; 207Pb/204Pb, 15.210–15.495; 206Pb/204Pb, 16.366–17.822) indicate that the ore‐forming materials originated from a mixed upper mantle–lower crust source.