bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calcium- and sodium-activated potassium channels (KCa, KNa) in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Aldrich Richard , Chandy K. George , Grissmer Stephan , Gutman George A. , Kaczmarek Leonard K. , Wei Aguan D. , Wulff Heike
Published: May 2023

Calcium- and sodium- activated potassium channels are members of the 6TM family of K channels which comprises the voltage-gated KV subfamilies, including the KCNQ subfamily, the EAG subfamily (which includes hERG channels), the Ca2+-activated Slo subfamily (actually with 6 or 7TM) and the Ca2+- and Na+-activated SK subfamily (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Calcium- and sodium-activated potassium channels [126]). As for the 2TM family, the pore-forming a subunits form tetramers and heteromeric channels may be formed within subfamilies (e.g. KV1.1 with KV1.2; KCNQ2 with KCNQ3).
Cyclic nucleotide-regulated channels (CNG) in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Becirovic Elvir , Biel Martin , Fenske Stefanie , Hammelmann Verena , Hofmann Franz , Kaupp U. Benjamin
Published: May 2023

Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels are responsible for signalling in the primary sensory cells of the vertebrate visual and olfactory systems. CNG channels are voltage-independent cation channels formed as tetramers. Each subunit has 6TM, with the pore-forming domain between TM5 and TM6. CNG channels were first found in rod photoreceptors [83, 120], where light signals through rhodopsin and transducin to stimulate phosphodiesterase and reduce intracellular cyclic GMP level. This results in a closure of CNG channels and a reduced ‘dark current’. Similar channels were found in the cilia of olfactory neurons [181] and the pineal gland [71]. The cyclic nucleotides bind to a domain in the C terminus of the subunit protein: other channels directly binding cyclic nucleotides include hyperolarisation-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (HCN), ether-a-go-go and certain plant potassium channels.The HCN channels are cation channels that are activated by hyperpolarisation at voltages negative to ~-50 mV. The cyclic nucleotides cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP directly bind to the cyclic nucleotide-binding domain of HCN channels and shift their activation curves to more positive voltages, thereby enhancing channel activity. HCN channels underlie pacemaker currents found in many excitable cells including cardiac cells and neurons [65, 192]. In native cells, these currents have a variety of names, such as Ih, Iq and If. The four known HCN channels have six transmembrane domains and form tetramers. It is believed that the channels can form heteromers with each other, as has been shown for HCN1 and HCN4 [2]. High resolution structural studies of CNG and HCN channels has provided insight into the the gating processes of these channels [139, 146, 140]. A standardised nomenclature for CNG and HCN channels has been proposed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on voltage-gated ion channels [108].
Phosphatidylinositol kinases in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Uddin Mohib
Published: May 2023

Phosphatidylinositol may be phosphorylated at either 3- or 4- positions on the inositol ring by PI 3-kinases or PI 4-kinases, respectively.Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinasesPhosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K, provisional nomenclature) catalyse the introduction of a phosphate into the 3-position of phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PIP) or phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). There is evidence that PI3K can also phosphorylate serine/threonine residues on proteins. In addition to the classes described below, further serine/threonine protein kinases, including ATM (Q13315) and mTOR (P42345), have been described to phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol and have been termed PI3K-related kinases. Structurally, PI3Ks have common motifs of at least one C2, calcium-binding domain and helical domains, alongside structurally-conserved catalytic domains. wortmannin and LY 294002 are widely-used inhibitors of PI3K activities. wortmannin is irreversible and shows modest selectivity between Class I and Class II PI3K, while LY294002 is reversible and selective for Class I compared to Class II PI3K.Class I PI3Ks (EC 2.7.1.153) phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate and are heterodimeric, matching catalytic and regulatory subunits. Class IA PI3Ks include p110α, p110β and p110δ catalytic subunits, with predominantly p85 and p55 regulatory subunits. The single catalytic subunit that forms Class IB PI3K is p110γ. Class IA PI3Ks are more associated with receptor tyrosine kinase pathways, while the Class IB PI3K is linked more with GPCR signalling.Class II PI3Ks (EC 2.7.1.154) phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol to generate phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (and possibly phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate). Three monomeric members exist, PI3K-C2α, β and β, and include Ras-binding, Phox homology and two C2 domains.The only class III PI3K isoform (EC 2.7.1.137) is a heterodimer formed of a catalytic subunit (VPS34) and regulatory subunit (VPS15).Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinasesPhosphatidylinositol 4-kinases (EC 2.7.1.67) generate phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and may be divided into higher molecular weight type III and lower molecular weight type II forms.
Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Annett Stephanie , Robson Tracy
Published: May 2023

Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases (PPIases) are an enzyme family which catalyse the cis/trans isomerisation of proline peptide bonds to promote the folding and re-folding of peptides and proteins. Three subfamilies have been identified: cyclophilins, FK506-binding proteins and parvulins. Individual PPIases are overexpressed in a number of cancers [62], and family members have been targetted for immunosuppressant effects.
S33: Prolyl aminopeptidase in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Alexander Stephen P.H. , Doherty Patrick , Fowler Christopher J.
Published: May 2023

Peptidase family S33 contains mainly exopeptidases that act at the N-terminus of peptides.
Endocannabinoid turnover in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Alexander Stephen P.H. , Doherty Patrick , Fowler Christopher J. , Gertsch Jürg , Van der Stelt Mario
Published: May 2023

The principle endocannabinoids are 2-acylglycerol esters, such as 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), and N-acylethanolamines, such as anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine, AEA). The glycerol esters and ethanolamides are synthesised and hydrolysed by parallel, independent pathways. Mechanisms for release and re-uptake of endocannabinoids are unclear, although potent and selective inhibitors of facilitated diffusion of endocannabinoids across cell membranes have been developed [29]. FABP5 (Q01469) has been suggested to act as a canonical intracellular endocannabinoid transporter in vivo [17]. For the generation of 2-arachidonoylglycerol, the key enzyme involved is diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL), whilst several routes for anandamide synthesis have been described, the best characterized of which involves N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine-phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD, [75]). A transacylation enzyme which forms N-acylphosphatidylethanolamines has been identified as a cytosolic enzyme, PLA2G4E (Q3MJ16) [66]. In vitro experiments indicate that the endocannabinoids are also substrates for oxidative metabolism via cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase and cytochrome P450 enzyme activities [5, 24, 77].
2F. COUP-TF-like receptors in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Tsai Ming-Jer , Tsai Sophia Y.
Published: May 2023

COUP-TF-like receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Nuclear Hormone Receptors [7, 2]) have yet to be officially paired with an endogenous ligand.
On βκ-normal spaces
Authors: Singh Sumit , Rana Manoj Kumar
Published: May 2023

A topological space X is called βκ-normal if for every pair of disjoint regularly closed sets A and B, there exist disjoint open sets U and V of X such that  = A,  = B and  ∩  = ∅. In this paper, we investigated a weaker form of normality called βκ-normality which is simultaneous generalization of normality, κ-normality and almost β-normality. Some new decomposition of normality is obtained in terms weakly β-normal spaces.
Generation of anti-magic graphs from binary graph products
Authors: Ragukumar P.
Published: May 2023

An anti-magic labeling of a graph G is a one-to-one correspondence between E(G) and {1, 2, ··· , |E|} such that the vertex-sum for distinct vertices are different. Vertex-sum of a vertex u ∈ V (G) is the sum of labels assigned to edges incident to the vertex u. It was conjectured by Hartsfield and Ringel that every tree other than K2 has an anti-magic labeling. In this paper, we consider various binary graph products such as corona, edge corona and rooted products to generate anti-magic graphs. We prove that corona products of an anti-magic regular graph G with K1 and K2 are anti-magic. Further, we prove that rooted product of two anti-magic trees are anti-magic. Also, we prove that rooted product of an anti-magic graph with an anti-magic tree admits anti-magic labeling.
Secure E-Voting System using Blockchain Technology
Authors: Pawar Samruddhi , Sahare Aachal , Shelar Snehal , Bagal Pranjali , Dixit Prof. S. S
Published: May 2023

Abstract: Implementing a safe and efficient electronic voting system that will maintain the fairness and privacy as well as simultaneously provide the transparency and flexibility of electronic systems has been a challenge since a long time. Digital system can be highly beneficial to senior citizens and especially for people living in the rural areas. But any system which is online can have a tendency to get hacked or disrupted. Even a single minute flaw has the potential to lead to large-scale vote tampering. Hence, we have proposed an electronic voting system which uses the blockchain technology and addresses some of the drawbacks of existing systems.
Plant Recognition and its Care using TfLite, Teachable Machine
Authors: Sahay Rashi , Kaur Ramanjot
Published: May 2023

Abstract: Plant identification is a significant undertaking however its care is considerably more significant. The identification of plants has a lot of benefits for wide range of people ranging from forestry services, pharmaceutical labs, government and common public. The research paper aims on developing a machine learning technology combined with mobile app development which is able to recognize plants and suggest good care for them like how much water, sunlight, fertilizer, etc is optimum for the plant. Plant identification with its care, based on leaf, is becoming an interesting task. Each plant leaf carries unique identity, which matches to no other plant, information that can be used in the identification and subsequently, determining measures for its care. A large number of features were taken from each leaf such as its length, area of hull, perimeter and color. All the work of research in this filed has further aggravated an interest in the development of automated systems for the recognition of different plant species. A full autonomous method of recognizing plants using Artificial Intelligence tools like Teachable Machine and TfLite. We gathered dataset from google images and several images with varying textures and lighting conditions clicked from my smartphone camera from the Kangra forest range. There are several applications that help in recognizing the plant species using features from their leaves but we are also adding an additional feature of its care.
Attendance Compilation by Facial Recognition Methods of Image Processing: A Review
Authors: Singh Shalini , Chauhan Abhishek Singh
Published: May 2023

Abstract: In recent years, researchers have continued to refine and improve deep learning-based approaches to image processing, as well as exploring new areas such as generative adversarial networks (GANs) and reinforcement learning. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of deep learning-based methods for face recognition, including CNN-based models, auto encoder models, and hybrid models. These papers demonstrate the effectiveness of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in face detection, recognition, and attendance compilation, achieving state-of-the-art accuracy on several benchmark datasets, including LFW, YouTube Faces, and YTF datasets. The Efficient Net model is a family of CNNs that achieves state of the art accuracy on multiple image recognition benchmarks while being significantly smaller and faster than previous models. The Arc Face loss function is used for facial landmark detection and gender classification in facial images.
Wireless Smart Notice Board Using Dot Matrix
Authors: Sharma Pankaj , . Hema , Ansari Mo. Nseem , . Taniya
Published: May 2023

Abstract: Whether a firm is for profit or not, the information sharing component of information technology is a major factor in all types of businesses. Nowadays, all company models depend on and use the capacity of advertising to market their goods and services. The present demand of the modern business and information world is for digital advertising. International airports, metro train stations, shopping centres, bus stops, etc. all employ scrolling LED dot matrix displays. Led displays are a good way to show information, but making the message dynamic is challenging since users must adjust the message content to meet their particular needs. The user must connect the Led display to the computer in order to change the message content. The wireless based dot matrix display creates the wireless connection between individual mobile and Led display in the event that the user requires pairing the Led display with the computer in order to change the message content, which makes it difficult to place the display board anywhere due to the dedicated and complex setting up pattern. It provides the facility of real time message displaying means the user can change the message content that is to be display. The message is sent from a mobile device to the LED display, and the microcontroller handles all processing for scrolling the message's content on the LED display. The project's goal is to create a wireless scrolling message board that allows the user to update the information without using a connection to connect the display board to a computer or laptop. The user has the option of using Bluetooth or Wi-Fi to refresh the message content.
Rainfall Prediction using Machine Learning and Neural Network
Authors: B Sumanth , U Nithyashree , S Sahana , Srivastava Riya , B. K Prof. Mr. Byre Gowda
Published: May 2023

Abstract: Predicting the amount of daily rainfall improves agricultural productivity and secures food and water supply to keep citizens healthy. To predict rainfall, several types of research have been conducted using data mining and machine learning techniques of different countries’ environmental datasets. An erratic rainfall distribution in the country affects the agriculture on which the economy of the country depends on. Wise use of rainfall water should be planned and practiced in the country to minimize the problem of the drought and flood occurred in the country. The main objective of this study is to identify the relevant atmospheric features that cause rainfall and predict the intensity of daily rainfall using machine learning techniques. The Pearson correlation technique was used to select relevant environmental variables which were used as an input for the machine learning model. Two commonly used models predict seasonal rainfall such as Linear and Non- Linear models. The first models are ARIMA Model. While using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) predicting rainfall can be done using Back Propagation NN, Cascade NN or Layer Recurrent Network. Artificial NN is same as Biological Neural Networks.
A Study on Challenges Faced by Rapido with Special Reference to Coimbatore City
Authors: Eahambaram Dr. C. , Kapinjal E.
Published: May 2023

Abstract: The study focuses on identifying the challenges faced by Rapido, a bike taxi service provider, in Coimbatore city. The research is conducted through a survey of customers and Rapido riders. The study finds that the major challenges faced by Rapido in Coimbatore city are competition from traditional autos, lack of proper infrastructure, and strict traffic regulations. The study also suggests some strategies that Rapido can adopt to overcome these challenges, such as offering competitive pricing, improving their app interface, and collaborating with local authorities to improve the infrastructure. Overall, the study highlights the need for Rapido to adapt to the unique challenges of each city it operates in to ensure sustained growth and success.
Sewage Monitoring and Maintenance Alert using IoT
Authors: B Rohith Srivatsan , G Laxman K , Singh Sarveshwar Kumar , J JeganAmarnath
Published: May 2023

bstract: We're planning to create a smart gadget that can detect when the drainage system becomes clogged, and if water overflows as a result of this clogging, we'll notify the local authority so they can take the appropriate measures. Additionally, the Android application allows for real-time monitoring of the drainage system's status. Four sensors will be used as input devices for the project: a pH sensor to measure the acidity of the sewage water as accurately as possible so that the water can be treated in a wastewater treatment plant and can be reused; an ultrasonic sensor to detect blockages; a water level/float sensor to detect overflows of water; and a gas sensor to measure the to detect all toxic gases released from the sewage. Finally, by inputting the picture samples collected during sewage monitoring, we may use image processing to find fractures in the pipes. The ESP8266, which serves as both a microcontroller and a wireless module, receives and processes the data from these sensors. Here, a push notice is given to the mobile device in case of Blockage or Overflow in addition to the real-time ultrasonic distance being supplied to the Blynk/Adafruit Application. Using our smartphones, we can control any IoT device using the Blynk/Adafruit application, which can operate on Android, iOS, and Windows platforms. To develop the graphical user interface for our IoT application, we may create our own GUI
Unsupervised Video Segmentation using Quantization
Authors: KS Shreyas , V Sushmitha Y , Priya Vakamalla Keerthi , Ramakrishna Gudapati Sai , Pai Prameetha
Published: May 2023

Abstract: Unsupervised video segmentation is a challenging task in computer vision that involves dividing a video into meaningful segments without any labeled data or prior knowledge of the video content. One approach to achieving this is the use of quantization, which involves clustering similar image patches or video frames into discrete groups based on their visual features.Beta-VAE is a type of variational autoencoder (VAE) that is capable of learning disentangled representations of data. It can be applied to video segmentation using quantization, allowing for more effective segmentation and analysis of complex video datasets.The use of Beta-VAE and quantization is essential for several reasons. Firstly, it allows for the automatic analysis of large video datasets without the need for manual annotation, which can be time-consuming and expensive. Secondly, it enables the detection and tracking of objects and events in videos, which has applications in surveillance, robotics, and autonomous driving. Finally, it can be used for content-based video indexing and retrieval, which is crucial for video search and recommendation systems.The advantage of using Beta-VAE in video segmentation is that it can learn disentangled representations of video frames, which separates the data into meaningful factors of variation. This leads to more accurate segmentation, as the model can distinguish between different objects and events in the video, even if they have similar visual features.In conclusion, the use of Beta-VAE and quantization is necessary for advancing the field of computer vision and improving the analysis and understanding of videos. It has numerous applications in various industries and can contribute to the development of more effective and efficient video analysis tools.
Driver Drowsiness Detection and Alert Systems
Authors: Ganesh Supreetha , B Amit K , Delvi Akif , Shreyas C N , K Gagandeep
Published: May 2023

Abstract: Drowsiness has significant contribution to the accidents on road. Accurate measurement is required to track the state of the driver. It has various shortcomings. Convolutional neural networks(CNN) developed using Keras were utilized to create the model that we employed. CNN is a branch of deep neural networks that is appropriate for image classification. It consists of many layers that include input, output and hidden layers. The drowsiness detection systems for drivers have the potential to greatly increase traffic safety by warning drivers to stop or take breaks when they are in danger of nodding off behind the wheel.
Impact of University Campus on Sungli Village
Authors: Tariq Mr. Nazim
Published: May 2023

Abstract: Bhaderwah Campus, University of Jammu is determined for accomplishing global -distinction in teaching, research and extension besides contributing to the socio economic development of the region since its inception in 2006. Imparting quality education to the students, promoting their all-round development by participation in sports, extracurricular activities and youth festivals and other socially relevant activities has been the major objective of this campus and since efforts are being made by the University of Jammu to promote and enhance its academic growth and visibility. Promotion, Preservation, Integration and Sustainable Development of the cultural diversity of the region popularly known as "Mini Kashmir" is high on the agenda and consequent community development would always be top priority for the progress of this campus
Alerting and Detection of Toxic Gases in Sewage using IOT
Authors: V Kamalie , C Kavya , G Keerthana , S Keerthana Sri K , S Shanmugapriya
Published: May 2023

Abstract: Even in the modern times, physical labor is still used to clean sewage systems. As a result of a higher concentration of hazardous gasses in the manhole, human fatalities in the sewer have been noted. Poisonous gases such as methane, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and others can cause severe injury to human organs and even cause death. Predetermination of these gases is therefore crucial. The majority of metropolises installed an underground drainage system to maintain city hygienic standards, public health, and city defense. They risk contaminating smooth water with drainage water and spreading volatile illnesses if they fail to maintain the drainage infrastructure. Cleaning the drainage device is therefore crucial. In this project, the proposed system identifies whether a person is working inside the drainage manhole using a PIR sensor, as well as a system to detect toxic chemicals and gases using a gas sensor with an Arduino Uno microcontroller and toxic gas presence inside the drainage manhole, then immediately update the status to an IoT web server using Wi-Fi module. Additionally, the LCD display shows the status of the GAS level, and a buzzer will sound when the toxic presence is present
Waste Management System using IoT
Authors: P Sneha , Yuvedha T , S Sneha , Sathiyamoorthi Sneha , P Amudha
Published: May 2023

Abstract: There is a growing problem with waste accumulation and disposal in urban areas regardless of whether they are in developed or developing country, due to the way of managing waste containers. It has becoming more challenging and difficult to manage huge volume of waste generated. The main problem with waste management is that the trash cans in public areas overflow well before the next cleaning process starts. Due to the negligence of most people, the overflowing garbage wastes created an unsanitary environment, an unpleasant odour and serve as a breeding ground for microorganisms that cause illness. An Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart waste system is proposed, to empty the bins at the appropriate moment, to prevent all such hazardous scenarios and maintain public cleanliness and health. This system is designed in such a way that it is selfpowered by photovoltaic panel which is embedded on the top of the waste bin lid. An ultrasonic sensor has been used to measure the level of garbage dumped, and DHT11 and proximity sensors enables the segregation process. This project describes real-time sensor-based container level monitoring, and track the real-time status of how garbage collection is being carried out.
Internship Program Effectiveness: A Work Readiness
Authors: Sukmawati Dewi
Published: May 2023

In entering the world of work, it is necessary to increase self-capacity and the ability to be able to compete in the digital economy era. Internships are a form of student learning to practice their skills and knowledge in a professional environment. This research aims to explain internship program effectiveness with university graduate’s work readiness. This research kind of explanatory research using accidental sampling techniques method as the sampling technique. This research analyzed by using SmartPLS 3.0 program. The result of this research indicate that internship experience has a positive and significant influence toward student work readiness.
The Independence of Woman Entrepreneurs in the Digital Era
Authors: Aurellya Kamal Afina , Sukmawati Dewi
Published: May 2023

Entrepreneurship is currently one of the indicators that affect the economy of a country. Entrepreneurship is one of the jobs that many women do today. Independence is one of the success factors for women to do business or entrepreneurship in the digital era. This study aims to determine the effect of independence on entrepreneurship in the digital era. The object of this research is 30 woman entrepreneurs in the city of Malang. This research kind of explanatory research. The data analysis used is path analysis using the SmartPLS program. The results of this study indicate that independence has a positive and significant influence on women's entrepreneurship.
Did Personal Attitude Have a Role In the Entrepreneurship Circle?
Authors: Nur Hasanah Siti , Khwarazmita Tsabita
Published: May 2023

The topic of student entrepreneurship is constantly interesting to discuss because it increases their motivation to foster entrepreneurial intentions within them. Meanwhile, the growth of entrepreneurship is indeed caused by several external and internal factors. Hence, this study aims to examine the effect of personal attitude support and mediation on entrepreneurial intentions, with a focus on management and business students. In its analysis and testing, this study adopts SEM-PLS utilizing Smart-PLS 4.0 as a complete to highlight analytical skills in one analysis program and increase the broad understanding of all research variables. The findings found in this study are the influence of support through personal attitudes positively and significantly affects entrepreneurship intention. The results of this study indicate that personal attitudes do not dominate as mediators, even though the results are good. However, personal attitudes can independently influence entrepreneurial intentions. Therefore, this study suggests several things that can further foster students' entrepreneurial intentions.
Entrepreneurship as Students' Career
Authors: Irawati Sandra , Khwarazmita Tsabita
Published: May 2023

Entrepreneurial intentions and career choices cannot be divided. These two things go hand in hand when students want to start or continue a business. However, the emergence of an entrepreneurial culture should be considered when choosing an entrepreneurial career. Initially, this study undertook the idea of entrepreneurial culture as part of influencing the career choices of business and management students. The main objective of this research is to examine entrepreneurial culture's involvement in influencing the career choices of business and management students. In the research process, quantitative analysis was carried out by adopting SEM-PLS using Smart-PLS version 4.0. In the end, calculations and analysis were carried out after sorting out the completeness of the answers from students who volunteered to fill in as many as 38 people. Based on this, it was found in this study that entrepreneurial culture influences career choices by whether there is a mediation of entrepreneurial intentions. On the other hand, entrepreneurial intentions influence career choices independently.
What is Attractive to Intention Job Seeker?
Authors: Zulfikarijah Fien , Khwarizmi Muhammad Raja
Published: May 2023

Purpose – This study aims to investigate which factors employers should focus on in their job seeker strategies. The present study tested the respondent perception and analyzed relationships between social media, brand corporate, and career choice about intentions to apply for a job. Design/methodology/approach – Electronic questionnaires were distributed to students at higher education institutions in Malang. The proposed model is analyzed based on 136 responses related to two well-known Indonesian firms, they are BUMN and Government. Findings – The results indicate that several employer attributes are positive for social media, brand corporate reputation, and career choice to intention job seeker, which again is related to the attraction of potential employees. Specifically, social media is the strongest predictor of intention to apply for a job. The research is original in the way it combines social media, brand corporate, and career choice, which will be valuable to employers in their recruitment processes.
O licenciamento compulsório automático das patentes farmacêuticas para enfrentar a Covid-19: análise da viabilidade socioeconômica
Authors: Leão Neto João Batista de Souza , Guimarães Patricia Borba Vila
Published: May 2023

O alastramento da pandemia de Covid-19, ocasionada pelo novo coronavírus, de nome científico SARS-CoV-2, traz impactos socioeconômicos severos em todo o planeta. No Brasil, há o colapso da saúde pública, o que também compromete o tratamento de outras doenças. Diante desse cenário, foi proposto o Projeto de Lei nº 1.462/2020 na Câmara dos Deputados, que prevê, entre outros pontos, a concessão automática do licenciamento compulsório de patentes em caso de emergência de saúde pública, como é o caso da decorrente da Covid-19. Indaga-se, com isso, se o licenciamento compulsório de forma automática é o meio mais adequado, nesse contexto de emergência de saúde pública, para se tratar uma possível flexibilização do regime de patentes? Para contribuir com uma possível resposta a essa indagação, esta pesquisa se propõe a investigar a viabilidade socioeconômica da concessão automática do licenciamento compulsório das patentes farmacêuticas no contexto da pandemia de Covid-19. Parte-se da premissa de que a medida é viável juridicamente. Adota-se, para a pesquisa, como método de abordagem o hipotético- dedutivo. Utilizam-se a pesquisa bibliográfica e a documental, com o intuito de se coletar dados de fontes secundárias, como também se analisar normas jurídicas. Conclui-se que há viabilidade socioeconômica para concessão do licenciamento compulsório das patentes relativas às tecnologias farmacêuticas utilizadas para enfrentamento à pandemia, mas não de forma automática, porquanto há parâmetros que devem ser analisados, em cada caso, antes da adoção da medida.
A decisão da Suprema Corte dos Estados Unidos sobre autoridade parental, visitas e os melhores interesses da criança: Troxel v. Granville
Authors: Ribeiro Raphael Rego Borges
Published: May 2023

Neste artigo, estudou-se o caso Troxel v. Granville, no qual a Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) examinou uma disputa, entre uma mãe e um casal de avós, sobre visitas a duas crianças. Consultou-se a fonte primária, bem como a literatura sobre a decisão. Observou-se que a SCOTUS reconheceu a existência de uma liberdade fundamental ao exercício da autoridade parental, bem como de uma presunção de que genitores agem no melhor interesse dos seus filhos. Notou-se que uma SCOTUS muito dividida decidiu em favor de Tommie Granville, cuja autoridade parental fora violada pelo juiz de primeiro grau, que não levara em consideração as decisões dela sobre as próprias filhas. Verificaram-se também as consequências de Troxel nas legislações e disputas de visitas naquele país.
O cristianismo e as reformas liberal-iluministas do Direito Criminal
Authors: Pihlajamäki Heikki
Published: May 2023

Com o Iluminismo, o Direito Criminal moderno aflorou, e sua relação com o cristianismo mudou de maneiras importantes. Os ataques contra o cristianismo e o clero como instituições removeram várias barreiras institucionais que haviam emanado da rígida ideologia cristã. No entanto, a representação tradicional da secularização do Direito Criminal ainda requer revisão. O artigo destaca cinco pontos. Primeiro, reformistas iluministas não inventaram todas as novidades que estão tradicionalmente ligadas aos seus nomes. Segundo, é importante enfatizar que pensadores como Beccaria, Filangieri e Pagano não eram eles mesmos ateístas ou mesmo antirreligiosos. Terceiro, o iluminismo não liberou o Direito Criminal do cristianismo. Em alguns casos a religião podia ainda servir como ideologia de fundo do Direito Criminal. Quarto, vários dos preceitos básicos do Direito Criminal moderno surgiram bem antes, no Direito Canônico medieval. O princípio da culpa individualizável é um bom exemplo. Quinto, na maioria dos países ocidentais, reformistas prisionais ativos estavam frequentemente eles mesmos orientados pela fé cristã. Ao lado do trabalho, a religião era, ainda no século XIX, considerada uma das ferramentas principais para ressocialização e disciplinamento de detentos.
Os tratados internacionais no sistema jurídico angolano
Authors: Francisco João A.
Published: May 2023

O presente artigo sobre os tratados internacionais no sistema jurídico angolano é uma pesquisa que incide sobre o Direito dos Tratados no Direito Angolano, assim tendo como questão de partida: que relevância têm os Tratados Internacionais no Ordenamento Jurídico Angolano? E como a Lei do Tratados regulamenta o processo de conclusão dos tratados no Direito Interno  Angolano e no Direito Internacional? Assim sendo, o artigo incidirá sobre os seguintes aspectos: conceitualização de tratados, visão histórico cultural africana, os tratados e efeitos no direito angolano, com uma visão de conjunto as Constituições de 1975,  1992 e  2010,  algumas leis que à data dos factos vigoraram  culminando com a actual  Lei n.º 4/11, de 14 de Janeiro, Lei dos Tratados Internacionais
Eksplorasi Cendawan Jamur Kontaminan Pada Biji Kakao Kering (Theobroma cacao L.)
Authors: Umrah Umrah , Idrus Mufida Al , Mutmainah Mutmainah
Published: May 2023

Eksplorasi cendawan kontaminan pada biji kakao kering perlu dilakukan sebagai bentuk penanganan pascapanen untuk menentukan kualitas biji kakao kering, mengingat komoditi ini diproses langsung menjadi bahan pangan sehingga seharusnya bebas dari cemaran cendawan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis cendawan kontaminan yang terdapat pada biji kakao kering dan persentase serangan cendawan terhadap biji kakao di 5 Kecamatan yang ada di Kabupaten Sigi, Sulawesi Tengah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode stratified random sampling dan survei menggunakan literatur Pitt and Hocking (2009). Tahapan  isolasi  dilakukan pada media PDA. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu terdapat 27 isolat cendawan dari tahapan isolasi terdiri dari 1 genus dan 4 spesies yakni Aspergillus flavus, A. restrictus, A. niger, dan A. chevalieri. Tersebar di Kecamatan Kulawi sebesar 100%, Kecamatan Kulawi Selatan sebesar 100%, Kecamatan Dolo sebesar 100%, Palolo sebesar 88,8%, dan Kecamatan Pipikoro sebesar 70,3%.
Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Bawang Merah Varietas Lembah Palu (Allium wakegi Araki) pada Berbagai Waktu Penyiangan Gulma
Authors: Laude Syamsuddin , Alhakim Luqman
Published: May 2023

Sulawesi Tengah khususnya Lembah Palu yang beriklim kering terdapat jenis bawang merah yang dapat tumbuh dan berproduksi dengan baik. Jenis bawang merah ini dikenal dengan nama bawang merah varietas lembah Palu dan kemudian menjadi produk olahan siap saji yang biasa  disebut bawang goreng. Produksi bawang merah varietas lembah Palu akhir-akhir ini mengalami penurunan. Penurunan ini disebabkan  oleh beberapa faktor salah satunya adalah teknik budidaya yang belum maksimal antara lain adanya gulma yang tumbuh bersama dengan bawang merah dalam memanfaatkan sumber daya yang terbatas. Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu penyiangan gulma terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bawang merah varietas lembah Palu telah dilaksanakan di Desa Oloboju Trans SP II Kabupaten Sigi, provinsi Sulawesi Tengah mulai dari Bulan Juni sampai dengan September 2022. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 3 (tiga) ulangan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji BNJ α 0,05.  Perlakuan adalah tanpa penyiangan (P0),  penyiangan gulma umur 15 HST (P1), penyiangan gulma 30 HST (P2), penyiangan gulma 45 HST (P3) dan bebas gulma sampai panen (P4).  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa waktu penyiangan gulma berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah umbi perumpun, berat segar umbi perumpun, diameter umbi, berat kering umbi perumpun, hasil ha-1 dan berat kering gulma,  namun tidak menunjukkan adanya pengaruh terhadap jumlah umbi perumpun. Bebas gulma selama pertumbuhan tanaman (P4) diperoleh hasil tertinggi yaitu 5,04 ton/ha, namun tidak berbeda dengan waktu penyiangan gulma 30 HST (P2) dan  penyiangan gulma 45 HST (P3) masing-masing dengan hasil 4,8ton ha-1 dan 4,87 ton ha-1.
Improved Organ Sparing Using Auto-Planned Stanford Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy for Total Body Irradiation (VMAT-TBI) Technique
Authors: Kovalchuk Nataliya , Ngo Nicholas , Blomain Erik , Simiele Eric , Romero Ignacio , Hoppe Richard , Hiniker Susan
Published: May 2023

Purpose/Objectives: To evaluate dosimetric differences between
auto-planned Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) Total Body
Irradiation (TBI) technique and 2D AP/PA TBI technique.
Methods: Ten pediatric patients treated with VMAT-TBI on Varian
c-arm linac were included in this study. VMAT-TBI plans were generated
using our in-house developed and publicly shared auto-planning scripts.
For each VMAT-TBI plan, a 2D AP/PA plan was created replicating the
institution’s clinical setup with the patient positioned at extended SSD
with a compensator to account for differences in patient thickness,
50%-transmission daily lung blocks and electron chest-wall boosts
prescribed to 50% of the photon prescription. Clinically relevant
metrics were analyzed and compared between the VMAT and 2D plans.
Results: All VMAT-TBI plans achieved PTV D90%≥100% of
prescription. VMAT-TBI PTV D90% significantly increased (6.2%±2.4%,
p<0.001) compared to the 2D technique, whereas no differences
were observed in global Dmax (p<0.2) and PTV V110%
(p<0.4). Compared to the 2D plans, significant decreases in
the Dmean to the lungs (-25.6%±11.5%, p<0.001) and lungs-1cm
(-34.1%±10.1%, p<0.001) were observed with the VMAT plans.
The VMAT technique also provided additional sparing to other organs: for
12Gy prescription, kidneys Dmean of 64.7%±3.3%; for 2Gy prescription,
testes/ovaries (Dmean of 31.6%±10.7%), brain (Dmean of 74.8%±1.6%)
and thyroid (Dmean of 72.5±3.5%). Conclusions: Superior lung
sparing with improved target coverage and similar global Dmax were
observed with the VMAT plans as compared to 2D plans. In addition,
VMAT-TBI plans provided greater dose reductions in gonads, kidneys,
brain, and thyroid.
Factor Activity Levels and Bleeding Scores in Pediatric Hemophilia Carriers Enrolled in the ATHNdataset.
Authors: Puetz John , Hu Brian
Published: May 2023

Background: Multiple studies have now shown that a significant
proportion of hemophilia carriers meet criteria for having hemophilia
and/or report abnormal bleeding. However, to date, investigations of
hemophilia carriers have almost exclusively involved women over 18 years
of age. Little is known about factor activity levels and bleeding scores
in carriers during childhood. We queried a large deidentified database
of subjects with bleeding disorders residing in the United States to
determine factor activity levels and bleeding scores.
Procedures: The ATHNdataset was queried for hemophilia carriers
under 18 years of age. Collected information included demographics,
factor activity levels, bleeding scores. Results: Over 700
carriers in the pediatric age group were identified of which 626
submitted factor activity levels. Nearly half had factor activity levels
less than 40 IU/dL, thereby meeting criteria for having hemophilia. Of
those reporting bleeding scores, only 13.5% reported an abnormal
bleeding score for age. The proportion reporting abnormal bleeding
scores was higher in those with factor levels less than 40 IU/dL (23%)
than those greater than 40 IU/dL (9.7%). Conclusions: The
proportion of pediatric carriers with hemophilia was double of that
previously reported for adults. Of those with hemophilia reporting a
bleeding score, the majority (77%) did not report an abnormal bleeding
score for age. However, nearly 10% of pediatric carriers not meeting
criteria for having hemophilia reported abnormal bleeding scores for
age. Similar results are reported in adults suggesting that factor
activity levels may not be predictive of bleeding symptoms in carriers.
Genetic Polymorphisms of Carnosine Synthase -1(ATPGD1) and Serum Carnosine Levels in Relation to Cardio Vascular Diseases in Iraqi Type 2 Diabetics
Authors: Shaheed Haneen S. , Ali Shatha H.
Published: May 2023

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder specified by persistent
hyperglycemia that occurs when β-cell insulin production became unable
to control blood glucose with deterioration of response for insulin. The
consequent development of DM complications with increased risk for many
diseases caused by damaged variety of biological systems, including
blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, heart, and nerves. Carnosine is a natural
dipeptide (β-alanyl-L-histidine) expressed in both the central nervous
system and periphery, it occurs in several tissues most notably in
muscle where they represent an appreciable fraction of the total
water-soluble nitrogen-containing compounds. Carnosine is synthesized by
a cytosolic amino acid ligase, carnosine synthase-1 (CARNS1; also known
as ATP-grasp domain–containing protein 1, ATPGD1; EC 6.3.2.11).Several
biological and physiological functions have been attributed to
carnosine, such as being an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent,
antiglycating actions, and as a modulator of mitochondrial metabolism.
Carnosine level in human serum is affected by several enzymes like
carnosine synthase-1 (responsible of carnosine synthesis),thus any
genetic polymorphisms in these enzymes could have an impact on enzymes
levels and therefore serum carnosine level with consequent increased
risk for many diseases. This study was aimed to estimate the occurrence
of Carnosine synthase -1 SNP (rs 1790733) on chromosom11 (intron
–variant) in Iraqi type 2 diabetics with and without cardio vascular
diseases and it’s correlation with serum levels of carnosine &
carnosine synthase-1 and their association with CVD as T2DM
complication. To achieve this aim Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay
(ELISA) specific kits were used to estimate serum levels of carnosine &
carnosine synthase-1. High resolution melt technique (HRM) was applied
for detecting gene polymorphism of carnosine synthase-1 gene (ATPGD1).
The results showed that gene polymorphism of SNP (rs1790733) increased
the chance of CVD in T2DM patients by 84.5% by its effect to decrease
the mean of serum levels of carnosine by decreased carnosine synthase-1
level that may correlate to development of CVD in T2DM patients.
The Sensitization of The Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1- Mediated Responses By Prostaglandin and Bradykinin
Authors: aldossary sara , alsalem mhammed , grubb bliar
Published: May 2023

Transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1) channels play key
roles in chronic pain conditions and are modulated by different
inflammatory mediators to elicit heat sensitisation. Bradykinin is a
9-amino acid peptide chain that promotes inflammation. The aim of
present study is to investigate how bradykinin and prostaglandin
receptors (EP3 and EP4) modulate the sensitisation of TRPV1-mediated
responses. Calcium imaging studies of rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG)
neurons were employed to investigate the desensitizing responses of
TRPV1 ion channels by capsaicin, and the re-sensitization of TRPV1 by
bradykinin, then to explore the role EP3 and EP4 receptors in mediating
these bradykinin-dependent effects. Immunocytochemistry was used to
study the co-expression and distribution of EP4, TRPV1, COX-1 and B2 in
rat DRG neurons. Desensitization was seen upon repeated capsaicin
application, we show that bradykinin-mediated sensitization of
capsaicin-evoked calcium responses in rat DRG neurons occurs is
dependent on COX-1 activity, and utilises a pathway that invovles EP4
but not EP3 receptors. The present study provides evidence for a novel
signalling pathway through which bradykinin can regulate the TRPV1 ion
channel function via the EP4 but not EP3 receptors and provides the
anatomical basis for this regulation
Effects of Comorbidities on Hospitalization Costs of COVID-19 in Turkey
Authors: Balcı Nehir , Özkaya Hakan , Arı Alpay , Tosun Selma , Tatar Bengü Girgeniz , Köse Şükran
Published: May 2023

Background: In December 2019, pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel
coronavirus (2019-nCoV) emerged in Wuhan, China. Its effects on the
national and global economies have been tremendous. There is limited
evidence on treatment costs and effects of comorbidities on treatment
costs, which are crucial inputs for policymakers. Objective: The main
objective of this study is to retrospectively determine the direct costs
of hospitalization due to COVID-19 treatment and their association with
comorbidities. Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted at two
prominent research and training hospitals in İzmir, Turkey during the
first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. First hospitalization costs of
2,067 patients with COVID-19 were analyzed. Second association of
comorbidities with hospitalization costs of 532 patients with COVID-19
was estimated. Results: Analyses based on the whole sample of 2,067
patients showed that the average hospitalization cost was $1,432.3 (PPP
$4,994.7). Treatment cost is higher for male patients and increases
with age and intensive care unit admissions. The average length of
hospitalization was 10.6 days (SD=8.5) and the average length of ICU
hospitalization was 9.9 (SD=9.6). The average daily hospitalization cost
was $135.25 (PPP $471.63). Analyses showed that sex, age, intensive
care unit hospitalization, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular and
transient ischemic attacks, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and
chronic kidney disease were found significantly associated with
hospitalization costs. Conclusion: COVID-19 is a novel pandemic that
causes morbidity and mortality at considerable levels. A holistic
approach to fight the pandemic requires unraveling not only medical but
also financial aspects.
Functional endemism captures hotspots of unique phenotypes and restricted ranges
Authors: Skeels Alexander , Yaxley Keaghan
Published: May 2023

# There is no abstract for a Brevia article Endemism is a measure of
geographic range restriction which is used to highlight regions with
unique biota, found nowhere else on earth. Here, we develop a
trait-based metric for a functional approach to endemism studies -
functional endemism - and explore global patterns in birds. We find that
the world’s islands and mountain ranges are hotspots of functional
endemism in birds, highlighting the importance of these ecosystems for
conservation.