bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Effect of Ethanol on the Properties of Acrylic-Urethane Samples Processed by Vat Photopolymerization
Authors: Tomczak Dorota , Kuczko Wiesław , Nowicka Ariadna B. , Osmałek Tomasz , Szybowicz Mirosław , Wojtyłko Monika , Wichniarek Radosław
Published: July 2024

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of ethanol on the properties of acrylic-urethane resin products obtained by vat photopolymerization using the masked stereolithography method. The effect of alcohol at concentrations of 15, 25, and 35% in the resin on the chemical structure, weight, thickness of the samples, and mechanical properties in static tabltensile tests performed immediately after printing and one month later were studied. The results obtained were evaluated in terms of the use of ethanol as a cosolvent to help load the resin with agomelatine for the potential of obtaining microneedle transdermal systems. It was shown that in terms of stability of properties, the most favorable system was resin with the addition of alcohol at a concentration of 15%. The greatest changes induced by the presence of the solvent in the resin were observed in the case of tensile properties, where the alcohol caused a decrease in the plasticity of the material, reducing the relative elongation at break from 14% for the pure resin to 4% when the alcohol concentration was 35%. Young’s modulus and tensile strength also decreased with the addition of alcohol by 18% and 31%, respectively, for testable samples with the maximum amount of alcohol in the resin. The deterioration in properties is most likely related to the effect of the solvent on the radical polymerization process of the resin, particularly the phenomenon of chain transfer to the solvent, which is important in view of the intended application of the developed material.
Differences in Impact Force between Side Kicks and Turning Kicks in Male Practitioners of Taekwon-Do—Case Studies
Authors: Góra Tomasz , Mosler Dariusz , Langfort Józef , Wąsik Jacek
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study was to understand the different forces exerted between the side kick and turning kick in taekwon-do, which would add knowledge to the field, as well as help inform future research. Eighty kicks performed by four elite ITF (International Taekwon-do Federation) athletes (age: 28.5 ± 7.2 years; body mass: 77.5 ± 6.7 kg; height: 180.0 ± 1.6 cm) were analysed. Participants performed a series of turning and side kicks with the right and left leg to the target. The impact-force-measuring apparatus was a training shield mounted on a force plate manufactured by AMTI, model MC12-2K. The mean resultant impact force for the turning kick was significantly lower than the mean resultant impact force for the side kick. There were no significant differences in the impact force between turning kicks performed with either the right or left leg. With regard to the correlations for the turning kick performed by both legs, there was almost a full correlation between FZ and the resultant impact force (r = 0.988 for the right leg and r = 0.994 for the left leg). The side kicks’ significantly higher resultant force (4429.77 ± 1361.25 N) than that of a turning kick (2648.98 ± 441.41 N) could be due to more effective mass being used. The turning kick peaked in a shorter time; this indicates that a turning kick has a shorter contact time with the target. The strong correlations between Fz and the resultant impact force in both kicks could be due to the direction of the kicks, suggesting that the force in the Z axis was the most important direction.
Effect of Plastic Fine Content on the Static Liquefaction Potential of Sandy Soil
Authors: Dang Quang-Huy , Reiffsteck Philippe , Vu Minh-Ngoc , Nguyen-Sy Tuan , Pham Van-Hung
Published: July 2024

This study aims to investigate the effect of plastic fine content on the undrained monotonic behavior of sandy soils (mixtures of host sand and various plastic fine content from 0 to 25%), and in particular, their static liquefaction resistance (undrained shear strength). Illite Arvel is considered as a plastic fine to add to the host sand, the Fontainebleau sand. Binary mixture samples are reconstituted by using the moist tamping technique. A series of undrained triaxial tests were carried out to study the influence of different parameters, such as the fine content, the initial density index, the confining pressure, and the over-consolidation ratio (OCR) on the behavior of sandy soil mixture. Based on the results acquired from these tests, the liquefaction susceptibility of the sandy soil is discussed by using Chinese criteria.
Evaluating the Suitability of the Gurson—Tvergaard—Needleman Plasticity Model for Crack Resistance Curve Analysis
Authors: Gajdoš Ľubomír , Šperl Martin , Korouš Jan , Kuželka Jiří
Published: July 2024

The operational safety of oil and gas storage units is crucial, as any potential imperfections or cracks in a container wall could result in fracture. The key parameter in ensuring the integrity of oil and gas storage units is their fracture toughness. For its determination, compact tension (CT) and single-edge notched bend (SENB) specimens are commonly used. However, these specimens may lead to unnecessary conservatism in safety assessments. Single-edge notched tension (SENT) specimens, on the other hand, could be a more acceptable substitute, as they are shown to lead to less conservatism. The aim of this study was to determine the J-R curve for SENT specimens from pipe steel X65 using an experimentally determined J-R curve for CT specimens. This study was motivated by the fact that the use of the Gurson—Twergaard—Needleman (GTN) model for R-curve determination can significantly reduce the number of physical tests. Calculations were performed using the GTN constitutive model, calibrated on a CT specimen of width w = 50 mm, thickness B = 8.7 mm, and initial crack length a = 25.15 mm, used for the determination of the R-curve. The width and thickness of the SENT specimens considered in the calculations were similar to those for the CT specimens. Ideal clamping of the SENT specimens in the jaws was considered. A comparison of the SENT R-curve with the experimental CT R-curve showed that these curves were practically equidistant, with the former R-curve being superior to the latter one. The SENT R-curve has not been verified experimentally, because the physical specimens that match the models used for calculation do not meet the requirements of the related standards on specimen thickness. However, a comparison of this SENT R-curve with another SENT R-curve, published in the literature and obtained on the basis of the results of a two-parameter fracture mechanics approach, showed a very good agreement between the two R-curves.
Characterization of the First Prototype of an Angular Independent Silicon Diode Array for Quality Assurance in Stereotactic Radiosurgery
Authors: Bashiri Aishah , Hood Sean , Posar Jessie , Dookie Yashiv , McNamara Joanne , Poder Joel , Zahra Fathimat , Lerch Michael L. F. , Rosenfeld Anatoly B. , Petasecca Marco
Published: July 2024

Quality assurance (QA) ensures the accurate and safe delivery of radiation treatment. However, there are several challenges for advanced radiotherapy techniques, such as stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), where substantial doses of radiation with multi-directional beams and variable dose rates are delivered to specific areas. Current dosimeters lack high precision, exhibiting issues with dependency on the angle of measurement and the dose rate. This study investigates the characterization of a two-dimensional edgeless silicon diode array for QA in SRS. This detector underwent evaluation of its dose linearity, percentage depth dose (PDD), output factors (OFs), dose rate variability, and angular dependence with megavoltage linear accelerator beams. The edgeless array demonstrated a linear response in the direct detection of MV therapeutic X-rays with sensitivity of 6.95 × 10−3 ± 2.3 × 10−5 Gy/nC, and the percentage differences for PDD and OF measurements were found to be within 2% compared to the reference detector. A dose per pulse dependence of ±2% was demonstrated across the range of 0.12 to 0.39 mGy/pulse. The angular dependence was within 2% variation for irradiation angles greater than 80° and smaller than 120°; however, a maximum of 4% variation was observed with some diodes for angles between 80° and 120°. The improved performance of the edgeless array is likely to overcome limitations of the current dosimeters for SRS QA by operating without the need of any corrections.
Solving the Fuzzy Transportation Problem by a Novel Particle Swarm Optimization Approach
Authors: Aroniadi Chrysanthi , Beligiannis Grigorios N.
Published: July 2024

The fuzzy transportation problem (FTP) represents a significant extension of the classical transportation problem (TP) by introducing uncertainly and imprecision into the parameters involved. Various algorithms have been proposed to solve the FTP, including fuzzy linear programming, metaheuristic algorithms and fuzzy mathematical programming techniques combined with artificial neural networks. This paper presents the application of trigonometric acceleration coefficients-PSO (TrigAC-PSO) to solve the FTP. TrigAC-PSO is a variation of the classical particle swarm optimization algorithm, which has already been applied to solve the TP showing remarkable success. This fact constitutes the main reason that drives the utilization of TrigAC-PSO in current contribution to further investigate its performance in solving the FTP. TrigAC-PSO’s adaptability to handle fuzzy data by solving the FTP via instances with classic fuzzy numbers and generalized fuzzy numbers is explored through a comprehensive comparison between TrigAC-PSO and established methods applied to solve the FTP. The comparative analysis, with recent state-of-the-art algorithms, demonstrates the efficiency and robustness of the proposed method in solving the FTP across various scenarios. Through experimental results and performance metrics, the superiority of the proposed method is presented by achieving optimal solutions. The innovation of current research contributes to advancing the field of fuzzy optimization while providing variable insights into the application of TrigAC-PSO in real-world scenarios.
A Review of Advanced Air Lubrication Strategies for Resistance Reduction in the Naval Sector
Authors: Chillemi Massimiliano , Raffaele Marcello , Sfravara Felice
Published: July 2024

This review explores a variety of techniques that utilize air injections beneath a vessel’s hull to reduce drag and consequently improve energy efficiency. It focuses on the methodologies of microbubble drag reduction (MBDR), air layer drag reduction (ALDR), and air cavity drag reduction (ACDR), offering insights into their design, operational mechanisms, and potential applications. This review provides a detailed examination of the underlying principles of these technologies, incorporating a blend of experimental research, numerical simulations, and mathematical modelling to offer a comprehensive understanding. It references recent experimental data, highlighting how these findings corroborate with numerical simulations and are further explained through mathematical models. Conclusively, this review accentuates the transformative influence of air injection methods in drag reduction within the maritime industry, emphasizing their pivotal role in boosting operational efficiency, reducing environmental impact, and driving the evolution of naval design and transportation. Through a balanced and detailed analysis, this review provides a holistic view of the current state and future prospects of these innovative resistance reduction strategies.
AI Chatbots for Mental Health: A Scoping Review of Effectiveness, Feasibility, and Applications
Authors: Casu Mirko , Triscari Sergio , Battiato Sebastiano , Guarnera Luca , Caponnetto Pasquale
Published: July 2024

Mental health disorders are a leading cause of disability worldwide, and there is a global shortage of mental health professionals. AI chatbots have emerged as a potential solution, offering accessible and scalable mental health interventions. This study aimed to conduct a scoping review to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of AI chatbots in treating mental health conditions. A literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including MEDLINE, Scopus, and PsycNet, as well as using AI-powered tools like Microsoft Copilot and Consensus. Relevant studies on AI chatbot interventions for mental health were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by multiple reviewers. The search yielded 15 eligible studies covering various application areas, such as mental health support during COVID-19, interventions for specific conditions (e.g., depression, anxiety, substance use disorders), preventive care, health promotion, and usability assessments. AI chatbots demonstrated potential benefits in improving mental and emotional well-being, addressing specific mental health conditions, and facilitating behavior change. However, challenges related to usability, engagement, and integration with existing healthcare systems were identified. AI chatbots hold promise for mental health interventions, but widespread adoption hinges on improving usability, engagement, and integration with healthcare systems. Enhancing personalization and context-specific adaptation is key. Future research should focus on large-scale trials, optimal human–AI integration, and addressing ethical and social implications.
The Influence of Powering a Compression Ignition Engine with HVO Fuel on the Specific Emissions of Selected Toxic Exhaust Components
Authors: Orliński Piotr , Sikora Mieczysław , Bednarski Mateusz , Gis Maciej
Published: July 2024

The aim of the research was to determine the potential of hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) in reducing nitrogen oxides and particulate matter emissions from the Perkins 854E-E34TA compression ignition engine. The concentrations of these toxic exhaust gas components were measured using the following analyzers: AVL CEB II (for NOx concentration measurement) and Horiba Mexa 1230 PM (for PM measurement). The measurements were carried out in the ESC test on a compression ignition engine with direct fuel injection and a turbocharger. The engine had a common rail fuel supply system and met the Stage IIIB/Tier 4 exhaust emission standard. Two fuels were used in the tests: diesel fuel (DF) and hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO). As part of the experiment, the basic indicators of engine operation were also determined (torque, effective power, and fuel consumption) and selected parameters of the combustion process, such as the instantaneous pressure of the working medium in the combustion chamber, maximum pressures and temperatures in the combustion chamber, and the heat release rate (HRR), were calculated. The tests were carried out in accordance with the ESC test because the authors wanted to determine how the new generation HVO fuel, powering a modern combustion engine with a common rail fuel system, would perform in a stationary emission test. Based on the obtained research results, the authors concluded that HVO fuel can replace diesel fuel in diesel engines even without major modifications or changes in engine settings.
Introducing a Novel Application of Bio-Based Fillers Based on Rice Bran Wax Infused with Green Tea: Transitioning from a Cosmetic Additive to a Multifunctional Pigment for Wood Paints
Authors: Calovi Massimo , Rossi Stefano
Published: July 2024

This study aims to assess the functionality of a bio-derived additive, comprising rice bran wax infused with green tea, as an environmentally sustainable and adaptable pigment for wood coatings. Additionally, the effectiveness of the bio-based additive, in conjunction with a specialized UV absorber to enhance color consistency under harsh conditions, was examined. Aesthetic impact was analyzed through evaluations of color, gloss, and surface roughness. Moreover, the stability of the wax-based powder in aggressive environments was characterized by subjecting samples to UV-B and climatic chamber exposure. The barrier properties of the additive were investigated using a water uptake test and contact angle measurements, while liquid resistance tests were conducted to gauge its efficacy. Lastly, the protective role of the bio-based additive was analyzed through scrub tests and surface analysis using scanning electron microscopy. Findings underscored the versatility of the green additive as a multifunctional pigment, offering not only color enhancement but also robust protective capabilities. Its unique combination of color, mattifying effect, barrier enhancement, and protective function position it as an attractive bio-based additive for wood coatings with functional applications.
Implementation of Interconnection Communication in ECPB In-Loop Testing System for Semi-Trailer Vehicles
Authors: Xu Jun , Wu Hao , Zhao Ran , Li Gangyan
Published: July 2024

The semi-trailer ECPBS is adopted to achieve coordinated braking between tractor and trailer. Its control strategies are mainly verified through MIL and HIL tests. The correctness of the test results relies on the precision of the models. The dependence on the vehicle simulation models can be greatly reduced through an in-loop testing system, which combines the ECPB hardware test bench with the semi-trailer twin test vehicle. However, due to the long spatial distance between the two, higher requirements are placed on the real-time performance of the testing system. The communication interconnection mode, distributed network architecture, data coupling method and data coupling method of the in-loop testing system were investigated. Moreover, a delay compensation controller based on model prediction was designed and was applied to the motion control of the twin test vehicle. The simulation results have shown that the compensation controller can ensure the stability of vehicle motion with a goodness-of-fit of 0.826 under a delay of 0.7 s. Further experimental verification shows that the instructions issued by the ECPB hardware test bench controller can reach the semi-trailer twin test vehicle within 0.6 s, indicating that the communication interconnection method is feasible and can meet the real-time requirements of the in-loop testing system.
Reducing Model Complexity in Neural Networks by Using Pyramid Training Approaches
Authors: Kıvanç Şahım Giray , Şen Baha , Nar Fatih , Ok Ali Özgün
Published: July 2024

Throughout the evolution of machine learning, the size of models has steadily increased as researchers strive for higher accuracy by adding more layers. This escalation in model complexity necessitates enhanced hardware capabilities. Today, state-of-the-art machine learning models have become so large that effectively training them requires substantial hardware resources, which may be readily available to large companies but not to students or independent researchers. To make the research on machine learning models more accessible, this study introduces a size reduction technique that leverages stages in pyramid training and similarity comparison. We conducted experiments on classification, segmentation, and object detection tasks using various network configurations. Our results demonstrate that pyramid training can reduce model complexity by up to 70% while maintaining accuracy comparable to conventional full-sized models. These findings offer a scalable and resource-efficient solution for researchers and practitioners in hardware-constrained environments.
Virtual Prototyping of Bulk Material Preparation Devices in Mining Using Multiphysics Simulations
Authors: Tokarczyk Jarosław , Kowol Daniel , Szewerda Kamil , Matusiak Piotr
Published: July 2024

This paper presents the process of virtual prototyping of bulk material preparation devices in mining using numerical simulations of multi-physics phenomena. The discrete element method (DEM), meshless method (MFree), and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) were used in the calculation process. The importance of the extraction process and the practical application of DEM in various industries are discussed. The main contact models between particles and how structural material wear is modelled in DEM are presented. The structure of the computational models in DEM and CFD environments is presented. For the validation of the bulk material computational model, bench tests were carried out to determine the material properties (aggregate: five grades, 0–16 mm; coal concentrate: five grades, 2–32 mm; and so-called raw coal, grade 2–8 mm). The bulk density and angle of natural repose were measured, along with determination of the internal and external friction coefficients. Simulations corresponding to the laboratory tests were carried out. Numerical calculations were carried out for the side chute (results—velocities of the particles, compressive forces in the particles, determination of the wearing process) and for the coke classification line (two lines were assessed according to different aggregate sizes and densities of the bulk material). These multi-physics calculations required a combination of DEM-MFree and DEM-CFD methods. Based on the obtained results, it was possible to evaluate the performance and efficiency of the assessed machines.
Some New Estimations of Ostrowski-Type Inequalities for Harmonic Fuzzy Number Convexity via Gamma, Beta and Hypergeometric Functions
Authors: Alshehry Azzh Saad , Ciurdariu Loredana , Saber Yaser , Soliman Amal F.
Published: July 2024

This paper demonstrates several of Ostrowski-type inequalities for fuzzy number functions and investigates their connections with other inequalities. Specifically, employing the Aumann integral and the Kulisch–Miranker order, as well as the inclusion order on the space of real and compact intervals, we establish various Ostrowski-type inequalities for fuzzy-valued mappings (F·V·Ms). Furthermore, by employing diverse orders, we establish connections with the classical versions of Ostrowski-type inequalities. Additionally, we explore new ideas and results rooted in submodular measures, accompanied by examples and applications to illustrate our findings. Moreover, by using special functions, we have provided some applications of Ostrowski-type inequalities.
The Therapeutic Potential of the Specific Intestinal Microbiome (SIM) Diet on Metabolic Diseases
Authors: Chu Natural H. S. , Chow Elaine , Chan Juliana C. N.
Published: July 2024

Exploring the intricate crosstalk between dietary prebiotics and the specific intestinal microbiome (SIM) is intriguing in explaining the mechanisms of current successful dietary interventions, including the Mediterranean diet and high-fiber diet. This knowledge forms a robust basis for developing a new natural food therapy. The SIM diet can be measured and evaluated to establish a reliable basis for the management of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), obesity, and metabolic cardiovascular disease. This review aims to delve into the existing body of research to shed light on the promising developments of possible dietary prebiotics in this field and explore the implications for clinical practice. The exciting part is the crosstalk of diet, microbiota, and gut–organ interactions facilitated by producing short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, and subsequent metabolite production. These metabolic-related microorganisms include Butyricicoccus, Akkermansia, and Phascolarctobacterium. The SIM diet, rather than supplementation, holds the promise of significant health consequences via the prolonged reaction with the gut microbiome. Most importantly, the literature consistently reports no adverse effects, providing a strong foundation for the safety of this dietary therapy.
Noises on—How the Brain Deals with Acoustic Noise
Authors: de Hoz Livia , McAlpine David
Published: July 2024

What is noise? When does a sound form part of the acoustic background and when might it come to our attention as part of the foreground? Our brain seems to filter out irrelevant sounds in a seemingly effortless process, but how this is achieved remains opaque and, to date, unparalleled by any algorithm. In this review, we discuss how noise can be both background and foreground, depending on what a listener/brain is trying to achieve. We do so by addressing questions concerning the brain’s potential bias to interpret certain sounds as part of the background, the extent to which the interpretation of sounds depends on the context in which they are heard, as well as their ethological relevance, task-dependence, and a listener’s overall mental state. We explore these questions with specific regard to the implicit, or statistical, learning of sounds and the role of feedback loops between cortical and subcortical auditory structures.
Comparative Evaluation of Candida Species-Specific T-Cell Immune Response in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
Authors: Pathakumari Balaji , Liu Weida , Wang Qiong , Kong Xue , Liang Guanzhao , Chokkakula Santosh , Pathakamuri Vasundhara , Nunna Venkatrao
Published: July 2024

Non-albicans Candida (NAC) species are increasingly recognized as significant contributors to candidemia infections; however, relatively less is known about the immune responses induced by these species. In this study, we compared the cytokine production ability of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) upon stimulation with different Candida species (Candida spp.). We measured secreted cytokines using ELISA and checked the functional profiles of T-cell responses using multicolor flow cytometry. Although there was a differential expression of cytokines against Candida spp., significant difference were observed in the levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-12p40, and IL-23 (p < 0.05) between Candida spp. A significant difference was observed between C. albicans and C. glabrata (p = 0.026) in the levels of TNF-α. C. glabrata showed significant differences compared to C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. krusei in the levels of IL-10 (p values of 0.02, 0.04, and 0.01, respectively). Despite the percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ expressing Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines being higher in stimulated PBMCs, none of the Candida spp. showed significant differences. The levels of secreted IL-17A and IL-23 were consistently lower in Candida spp. regardless of the stimulus used. Here, we showed the differential regulation of Th1, Th2, and Th17 during Candida spp. stimulation of the immune system ex vivo. Additionally, our findings suggest that C. albicans elicits an IFN-γ response, whereas C. glabrata promotes IL-10 cellular responses, but this warrants additional studies to conclude this association. This investigation holds the potential to advance our comprehension of the distinct immune responses induced by Candida spp., with probable implications in designing antifungal immunotherapeutics.
Radiotherapy and Testicular Function: A Comprehensive Review of the Radiation-Induced Effects with an Emphasis on Spermatogenesis
Authors: Georgakopoulos Ioannis , Kouloulias Vassilios , Ntoumas Georgios-Nikiforos , Desse Dimitra , Koukourakis Ioannis , Kougioumtzopoulou Andromachi , Kanakis George , Zygogianni Anna
Published: July 2024

This comprehensive review explores the existing literature on the effects of radiotherapy on testicular function, focusing mainly on spermatogenic effects, but also with a brief report on endocrine abnormalities. Data from animal experiments as well as results on humans either from clinical studies or from accidental radiation exposure are included to demonstrate a complete perspective on the level of vulnerability of the testes and their various cellular components to irradiation. Even relatively low doses of radiation, produced either from direct testicular irradiation or more commonly from scattered doses, may often lead to detrimental effects on sperm count and quality. Leydig cells are more radioresistant; however, they can still be influenced by the doses used in clinical practice. The potential resultant fertility complications of cancer radiotherapy should be always discussed with the patient before treatment initiation, and all available and appropriate fertility preservation measures should be taken to ensure the future reproductive potential of the patient. The topic of potential hereditary effects of germ cell irradiation remains a controversial field with ethical implications, requiring future research.
Newcastle Disease Virus Virotherapy: Unveiling Oncolytic Efficacy and Immunomodulation
Authors: Zaher Kawther A. , Alrahimi Jehan S. , Basingab Fatemah S. , Aldahlawi Alia M.
Published: July 2024

In virotherapy, cancer cells are eradicated via viral infection, replication, and dissemination (oncolysis). Background: This study aims to evaluate the oncolytic potential of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) against colon cancer and explore the immune response associated with its therapeutic effects. Methods: NDV was tested for its oncolytic potential in colon cancer cell lines using MTT assays and apoptosis assessments. Tumor-induced mice were treated with NDV, tumor cell lysate (TCL), or a combination of both. After the euthanasia of murine subjects, an assessment of oncolytic efficacy was performed through flow cytometry analysis of murine blood and tumor tissue, targeting CD83, CD86, CD8, and CD4. An ELISA was also performed to examine interferon-gamma levels, interleukin-4 levels, interleukin-12 levels, and interleukin-10 levels in serum and spleen homogenate. Results: Cell viability was low in HCT116 and HT-29, indicating a cytotoxic effect in the MTT assay. NDV+TCL recorded the highest rate of cell death (56.72%). NDV+TCL had accelerated cell death after 48 h, reaching 58.4%. The flow cytometry analysis of the blood and tumor of mice with induced tumor treated with combined treatment revealed elevated levels of CD83, CD86, CD8, and CD4 (76.3, 66.9, 83.7, and 14.4%, respectively). The ELISA levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-12 in serum and the spleen homogenate were elevated (107.6 ± 9.25 pg/mL). In contrast, the expression of IL-10 was significantly reduced (1 ± 0.79).
Effect of Computer-Assisted Cognitive Remediation Therapy on Cognition among Patients with Schizophrenia: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yamanushi Ayumi , Shimada Takeshi , Koizumi Ami , Kobayashi Masayoshi
Published: July 2024

In schizophrenia, cognition is closely linked to social competence and influences long-term prognosis. Thus, treatment should target cognitive improvement to enhance the patient’s societal adaptation. This study evaluated the effects of computer-assisted cognitive remediation therapy (CR) using RehaCom® on cognition in patients with schizophrenia. Thirty patients were randomized, with 15 assigned to the CR and treatment as usual (TAU) group and 15 to the TAU-alone group. Over 12 weeks, patients received CR twice weekly, including two computer sessions and one verbal session. The outcomes measured were cognition using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia and Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale, intrinsic motivation using the Quality of Life Scale and Intrinsic Motivation Inventory, psychiatric symptoms using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, negative symptoms using the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, and functional level using the modified Global Assessment of Functioning scale for Functioning. The CR + TAU group demonstrated considerable improvements in cognition, intrinsic motivation, and functional level compared to the TAU-alone group. These findings indicate that the CR using RehaCom® enhances cognition and other outcomes in schizophrenia.
Distributed Broadcast Control of Multi-Agent Systems Using Hierarchical Coordination
Authors: Hasan Mahmudul , Saifullah Mohammad Khalid , Kamal Md Abdus Samad , Yamada Kou
Published: July 2024

Broadcast control (BC) is a bio-inspired coordination technique for a swarm of agents in which a single coordinator broadcasts an identical scalar signal to all performing agents without discrimination, and the agents make appropriate moves towards the agents’ collective optimal state without communicating with one another. The BC technique aims to accomplish a globally assigned task for which BC utilizes a stochastic optimization algorithm to coordinate a group of agents. However, the challenge intensifies as the system becomes larger: it requires a larger number of agents, which protracts the converging time for a single coordinator-based BC model. This paper proposes a revamped version of BC model, which assimilates distributed multiple coordinators to control a larger multi-agent system efficiently in a pragmatic manner. Precisely, in this hierarchical BC scheme, the distributed multiple sub-coordinators broadcast the identical feedback signal to the agents, which they receive from the global coordinator to accomplish the coverage control task of the ordinary agents. The dual role of sub-coordinators is manipulated by introducing weighted averaging of the gradient estimation under the stochastic optimization mechanism. The potency of the proposed model is analyzed with numerical simulation for a coverage control task, and various performance aspects are compared with the typical BC schemes to demonstrate its practicability and performance improvement. Particularly, the proposed scheme shows the same convergence with about 30% less traveling costs, and the near convergence is reached by only about one-third of iteration steps compared to the typical BC.
A Study on the Design of Knee Exoskeleton Rehabilitation Based on the RFPBS Model
Authors: Xu Qiujian , Li Junrui , Jiang Nan , Yuan Xinran , Liu Siqi , Yang Dan , Ren Xiubo , Wang Xiaoyu , Yang Mingyi , Liu Yintong , Zhang Peng
Published: July 2024

The gait rehabilitation knee exoskeleton is an advanced rehabilitative assistive device designed to help patients with knee joint dysfunction regain normal gait through training and activity support. This paper introduces a design framework based on the process knowledge representation method to optimize the design and control efficiency of the knee exoskeleton. This framework integrates knowledge of design objects and processes, specifically including requirements, functions, principle work areas, and the representation and multi-dimensional dynamic mapping of the Behavior–Structure (RFPBS) matrix, achieving multi-dimensional dynamic mapping of the knee exoskeleton. This method incorporates biomechanical and physiological knowledge from the rehabilitation process to more effectively simulate and support gait movements during rehabilitation. Research results indicate that the knee rehabilitation exoskeleton design, based on the RFPBS process knowledge representation model, accomplishes multi-dimensional dynamic mapping, providing a scientific basis and effective support for the rehabilitation of patients with knee joint dysfunction.
MRI-Based Inner Ear Assessment and Cochlin Tomoprotein-Based Evaluation of Perilymphatic Fistula in Patients with Sudden Hearing Loss
Authors: Kim Rayoung , Mihailovic Denis , Riemann Conrad , Kilgué Alexander , Pfeiffer Christoph Joachim , Gehl Hans-Björn , Scholtz Lars-Uwe , Todt Ingo
Published: July 2024

Objectives: To study the correlation between positive cochlin tomoprotein testing (CTP), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and the auditory and vestibular function amongst patients with sudden hearing loss. Study Design: Prospective case series. Methods: We prospectively examined eight patients who presented with sudden hearing loss (>60 dB) with or without vertigo or tinnitus. We performed an ELISA-based CTP detection test using middle ear lavage samples. In addition to the CTP examination, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination was performed using different sequences (T1 and a T1 sequence with a contrast medium (CM), a T2 sequence, 4 h delayed intravenous gadolinium-enhanced three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (3D FLAIR)). Results: All patients with sudden hearing loss (>60 dB) presented a non-specific contrast enhancement in the cochlea and vestibulum on the affected side on delayed 3D-FLAIR MRI. Four patients had a positive CTP test, suggesting a perilymphatic fistula (PLF). However, no specific MRI signal for a PLF was observed. Conclusions: Using multimodal diagnostic measures, such as CTP testing and different MRI sequences, no correlation could be found in patients with a PLF.
Harnessing Workplace Ostracism: Unleashing Proactive Behavior through Work Focus and Visionary Leadership
Authors: Xu Guang , Liu Shan , Zhong Jie , Yang Haiyan
Published: July 2024

Differing from prior studies which explored workplace ostracism’s negative impacts, in this study, we try to explore ways to mitigate and harness workplace ostracism to encourage proactive behavior. By drawing on regulatory focus theory, we propose that workplace ostracism can increase proactive behavior via enhanced promotion focus and prevention focus. We collected questionnaire data at multiple time points from employees in private enterprises in China, and a structural equation model was primarily used to test the proposed model. The results of the study indicate that workplace ostracism positively relates to work focus, which, in turn, improves employees’ proactive behavior. Visionary leadership only moderates the relationship between workplace ostracism and promotion focus. Employees who perceive high levels of visionary leadership exhibit an increase in promotion focus after experiencing workplace ostracism. This increase in promotion focus further enhances their proactive behavior. These research findings clarify the pathway and boundary conditions through which workplace ostracism positively influences proactive behavior. They also provide valuable insights for enterprises seeking to promote proactive behavior among employees.
Milking the Alternatives: Understanding Coffee Consumers’ Preferences for Non-Dairy Milk
Authors: Halabi Nibal , Hristova Velina , Vlaev Ivo
Published: July 2024

Consumer interest in plant-based milk alternatives is growing, despite extra charges in coffeehouses. While much research exists on non-dairy alternatives, plant-based milks in coffee drinks remain understudied. This study examines consumer preferences and behaviors regarding milk alternatives in coffee, using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and the Behavior Change Wheel (BCW). A survey of 200 participants from 19 countries explored demographics, coffee habits, attitudes towards non-dairy milk charges, and marketing awareness. Market insights showed taste as the main reason for coffee choice, with a preference for cow’s milk and local cafes for quality. Many opposed the extra charges for non-dairy options, citing lactose intolerance or allergies, especially among Gen Z and Millennials. Regional variations included stronger opposition in the UK and Germany compared to the UAE and USA. The marketing for non-dairy milk was less memorable than general coffee advertisements. Regression analysis confirmed that viewing non-dairy milk as a dietary staple increased consumption, aligning with the TDF’s “Beliefs about Consequences” domain. Finally, within the BCW framework, the intervention strategies centered on training and coercion were discussed. Implementing these approaches could encourage the wider adoption of non-dairy milk options in coffee shops, fostering inclusivity, health awareness, and supporting environmental sustainability efforts.
Can ‘Script Elicitation’ Methods Be Used to Promote Physical Activity? An Acceptability Study
Authors: Peer William , Mathews Ruth R. , Ng Xueli , Wong Winson Ho Chun , Gardner Benjamin
Published: July 2024

Sustaining physical activity may require incorporating activity into everyday routines. Yet, many such routines are executed habitually, so people may not recognise physical activity opportunities. ‘Script Elicitation’—a novel intervention method whereby participants detail the content and structure of their routines and are supported to plan modifications to those routines—has not yet been applied to physical activity. This mixed-methods study assessed the acceptability of Script Elicitation for increasing physical activity among office workers. Eleven UK office workers completed the one-to-one Script Elicitation procedure, describing their typical before-, during-, or after-work routines and receiving guidance on incorporating activity into those routines. One week later, they rated the acceptability of the method and completed a semi-structured interview. Physical activity was self-reported at baseline and at the one-week follow-up. Acceptability was descriptively assessed on two quantitative criteria (no clear decrease in physical activity; above-midpoint acceptability scores) and qualitatively explored via Thematic Analysis. The acceptability criteria were met, and participants reported raised awareness of routines and physical activity increases. Script Elicitation appears potentially suitable for promoting activity within everyday routines. If effectiveness is shown in a more rigorous trial, future work will need to develop script-based methods for efficient delivery at scale as a public health intervention.
Space Efficiency in Tall Hotel Towers
Authors: Aslantamer Özlem Nur , Ilgın Hüseyin Emre
Published: July 2024

Maximizing spatial utilization within tall buildings stands as a paramount planning consideration for ensuring project feasibility, particularly accentuated ins the context of hotel constructions. To date, no comprehensive study has addressed this issue while considering crucial architectural and structural planning factors. This article fills this gap by using a case study method based on data from 31 contemporary tall hotel towers. The findings revealed several key points: (i) central core typology was mostly utilized; (ii) prismatic buildings were the most prevalent forms; (iii) shear-walled frame systems were predominantly employed; (iv) concrete was the preferred choice for hotel construction; (v) the average space efficiency and the ratio of core area to gross floor area (GFA) averaged 81.2% and 16%, respectively; (vi) the range changed from a minimum of 70% to 4% to a maximum of 94% to 28%; and (vii) space efficiency showed an inverse relationship with the height of the building. It is anticipated that this paper will assist architects and structural engineers as well as builders involved in the planning of hotel developments.
Monitoring Data Fusion Model for Subsoil Layer Deformation Prediction
Authors: Wu Huiguo , Wu Yuedong , Liu Jian , Zhang Lei , Zhu Yongyang , Liang Chuanyang
Published: July 2024

Predicting soil deformation is critical for the success of building construction projects. The traditional methods used for this task, which rely on theoretical calculations and numerical simulations, require detailed information on soil characteristics and geological conditions. These essential details are often challenging to obtain in practical engineering, thereby limiting the accuracy of these methods in building construction contexts. Deep learning (DL) provides a direct approach for modeling soil deformation without having a detailed understanding of the soil properties and geological conditions. However, the existing DL algorithms mainly focus on modeling deformation directly. With advancements in monitoring technology, integrating diverse monitoring data has become crucial for accurately predicting deformation, a need often overlooked in current practices. This paper introduces a monitoring data fusion (MDF) model aimed at enhancing the utilization efficiency of diverse monitoring data. Validated against real-world engineering scenarios, this model significantly outperforms traditional single-feature and multi-feature long short-term memory (LSTM) models. It achieves a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of approximately 2.12%, representing reductions of 30% and 63%, and a root mean square error (RMSE) of around 12.5 mm, with reductions of 36% and 77%. Additionally, the DL interpretability method, Shapley additive explanations (SHAP), is utilized to elucidate how various model features contribute to generating predictions.
A Natural Language Parameter Catalogue for Algorithm-Aided Design of Modular Housing
Authors: Pibal Sophia Silvia , Schuster David , Kovacic Iva
Published: July 2024

The construction industry is embracing digital technologies, particularly generative or algorithm-aided design principles. However, integrating these digital tools into design processes while ensuring compliance with rules and regulations remains a significant challenge. This study aims to address this challenge by identifying the essential design parameters and constraints required for semi-automated building model design in the early design stages, with a specific focus on a use case of modular multi-story housing in Vienna. To achieve this, we investigate which parameters are fundamental, how constraints must be formulated, and how these aspects can be covered effectively in the design process. Our research provides a parameter catalog in natural language format to be used for scripting algorithms to generate parametric models. We delineate crucial housing-specific design parameters and identify constraints derived from legal, technical, evaluative, and expert knowledge sources. These constraints ensure that the designs comply with regulations and standards. The findings are organized into eight thematic clusters, each detailing specific conditions, and their interdependencies, thus offering a guideline for scripting algorithm-aided design processes. In conclusion, we propose a conceptual model for translating natural language design parameters into visual programming language.
Interlayer Bond Strength of 3D Printed Concrete Members with Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) Mix
Authors: Lee Yoon Jung , Lee Sang-Hoon , Kim Jae Hyun , Jeong Hoseong , Han Sun-Jin , Kim Kang Su
Published: July 2024

In structures manufactured using 3D concrete printing, cracks can easily propagate along the interface between printed layers. Therefore, it was necessary to determine the interlayer bond strength. In this study, direct shear and tensile tests were performed to determine the interlayer bond stability of the 3DCP members. To confirm the appropriateness of the mix proportion used to fabricate the specimens, the open time available for printing was identified via a mixing test, and the extrudability and buildability were verified via a printing test. In addition, direct shear and tensile tests were performed using the specimen manufacturing method (i.e., mold casting and 3D printing) and printing time gap (PTG) between the laminated layers as key test variables. The interlayer bond strengths of the specimens, according to the variables obtained from the test results, were compared and analyzed based on the interfacial shear strength standards presented in the current structural codes. In the direct shear test, failure occurred at the interlayers of all the specimens, and the interlayer bond strength tended to decrease with increasing PTG. In addition, the interlayer bond strength of the direct shear specimens exceeded the interfacial shear strength suggested by current structural codes. In contrast, in the direct tensile test, interlayer surface failure occurred only in some specimens, and there was no distinct change in the interlayer bond strength owing to PTG.