bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gamificación en la enseñanza del inglés: Un análisis de su efectividad en el aprendizaje de segundas lenguas
Authors: Cevallos Veloz Angela Andrea , Solórzano Álava Wilter Leonel , Macías Bailon Franklin Ignacio , Cárdenas Coello Jonathan Paúl
Published: February 2025

La implementación de estrategias de gamificación en la enseñanza del inglés como lengua extranjera ha emergido como respuesta a la necesidad de desarrollar métodos más efectivos y atractivos para el aprendizaje de idiomas, especialmente en el contexto educativo ecuatoriano, donde la motivación y el compromiso estudiantil representan desafíos significativos. Esta investigación examina la efectividad de la gamificación como herramienta pedagógica en la enseñanza del inglés, analizando su impacto en el rendimiento académico y la motivación estudiantil. A través de una revisión sistemática de literatura publicada en bases de datos indexadas de alto impacto como Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC y SciELO, se analizaron estudios empíricos que implementaron estrategias de gamificación en aulas de inglés. La metodología empleó un enfoque cualitativo, combinando métodos dialécticos, histórico-lógicos y de análisis-síntesis para examinar la evolución y efectividad de estas estrategias. Los resultados revelan mejoras significativas en áreas clave del aprendizaje del idioma, incluyendo la retención de vocabulario, comprensión auditiva y producción oral, con un incremento notable en la motivación intrínseca de los estudiantes y la participación en clase. Sin embargo, se identificó que las instituciones educativas ecuatorianas han ido incorporando poco a poco elementos de gamificación en sus programas de inglés, evidenciando una brecha entre su potencial y su implementación efectiva. Estos hallazgos indican que la gamificación, cuando se implementa de manera estructurada y con objetivos pedagógicos claros, constituye una estrategia efectiva para la enseñanza del inglés como lengua extranjera, aunque su éxito está condicionado por factores como la infraestructura tecnológica y la capacitación docente en el contexto ecuatoriano.
Genomic Instability with Non- Homologues Chromosomes in Aneuploid Cell Increase Risk Factor for the Development of Breast Cancer Patients
Authors:   Department of Pathology/Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India, Saxena Ajit Kumar
Published: February 2025

Chromosome aberrations (CAs) play an important role in tumor initiation, followed by metastasis. Short-term peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) cultures
using RPMI-1640 media with 5 % FBS were used to evaluate the frequency of structural and numerical chromosome aberrations in breast cancer patients.
Highest frequency of aneuploidy (11.53%) were observed followed by trisomy -21(8.93%) in karyotypes. De-novo mutation involving 12q21 with loss
of 16.38 Mbp DNA fragment is the most relevant finding in breast cancer (BC) patients and has not been reported earlier. Secondly, role of trisomy-21
(8.93%) might have increase genetic susceptibility of disease because of “giant satellites”, are the active sites of rRNA sub unit of 18S and 28S. These active
sites might have increase gene-expression of truncated protein during tumor Significant increase in the frequency of aneuploidy with increased number
of non-homologous chromosome was the striking feature due to increase of non-disjunction event followed by unequal crossing-over and synapse
formation by known environmental factors like arsenic. However, the present study is small, but interesting to explore the etiopathology of BC patients
associated chromosome instability. However, further study is required to confirm these changes, whether these mutations are either familial (inherited)
or spontaneous in nature.
Selecting of Published Works
Authors:   Institute of the Earth's Cryosphere, Tyumen Scientific Center SB RAS, Federal Research Center, Tyumen, Russian Federation, J Smulsky Joseph
Published: February 2025

To overcome the shortcomings in fundamental science, it is proposed to create a system for selecting published scientific papers on the ResearchGate portal.
The first version of such a system for evaluating scientific papers is discussed, in which the final assessment is based on a statistical indicator. Another
version of such a system is proposed, in which the selection of scientific papers is made according to their content.
An Assessment of the Drivers of Wetlands Transformation in Kisii Town, Kenya
Authors: Osoro Fredrick Bosire , Okotto Lorna Grace , Awuor Frankline Otiende
Published: February 2025

Wetlands are areas of importance according to Ramsar Convention. However, they are increasingly under threat as a result of unwise utilization which leads to undesired transformation. The study sought to assess how wetlands have been transformed, find out the main drivers of transformation, to establish the current status of natural wetlands and to explore stakeholders’ recommendations on mitigation and rehabilitation measures of the affected wetlands in Kisii town. The target population was 440 households whose land parcels were adjacent to the wetlands of study, 7 Key informants and farmers divided into two groups for discussions. The methodology entailed use of stratified random sampling and data was collected by use of questionnaires, document reviews, interviews, group discussions and observation. Data from questionnaire were cleaned, coded and then fed into the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 and Microsoft Excel version 2010. The analysis was then accomplished through the computation of frequencies and percentages that are presented in form of tables and figures to facilitate further interpretation, the rest of the data were analyzed through content analysis. Results indicate that 60% of the respondents were of the view that wetlands in the study area have been degraded and there have been little or no efforts of rehabilitation and restoration. The study further found out that considerable loss of biodiversity had been occasioned by negative wetland transformation. It was found out that the main drivers of wetlands transformation in Kisii town are massive development activities (15.8%), invasive species (12.5%) and overgrazing by livestock (12.5%). The study recommends that 1) Government agencies should focus on mitigation programmes to deter further degradation through multi-sectoral approach, 2) establishment of a one stop development approval center by the County government to deter development on riparian and wetland areas, and 3) gazettement of wetland areas for conservation activities. These can be achieved through formulation of wetland policy for Kisii as a County to take care of the existing policy gaps.
The Wage Impact of Education and Skills Mismatch: Evidence from Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Yussoff Nor Ezrine , Sulaiman Noorasiah
Published: February 2025

Over recent decades, economists have extensively explored the relationship between education and the labour market. This paper offers a systematic review of the 19 selected papers covering the growing literature on the measurement of mismatch incidence and the impact of wages. We discover that the different models substantially provide different incidence rates. Furthermore, the wage impact significantly affected the individuals with a higher level of education but diverged along the wage distribution. Lastly, the findings suggest a direction and roadmap for future research on the prevalence of mismatch and its implications for wages and distribution among individuals.
Sosialisasi Tentang Mengenalkan Pengelolaan Keuangan pada Anak Usia Dini di Panti Asuhan Dompet Yatim dan Dhuafa Jati Asih Bekasi
Authors: Ifah Masrifah  , Dewi Tri Mulyaningsih  , Anugerah Putri Widyastuti  , Arika Dania  , Ari Saptono  , Bibah Haerani  , Putri Rahmadani  , Siva Izah  , Vicky Paradise Albina
Published: February 2025

Important Educational Activities for financial management in the form of saving from an Early Age aim to explain and offer an understanding of achieving goals while educating participants about the meaning of saving as financial management for Islamic boarding school children and the value of introducing money. From an early age, it is important to assess the knowledge, understanding, and thought processes of Islamic boarding school children about the importance of saving and living frugally. Thus, they want to better understand and equip themselves to be more disciplined in managing and controlling their money and using their resources wisely for various needs in the future.
Edukasi dan Implementasi Pengelolaan Sampah Berbasis 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) di Kelurahan Lompo Riaja, Kecamatan Tanete Riaja, Barru
Authors: Sam’un Mukramin  , Dicky Wahyudi  , Muh. Akbar
Published: February 2025

Public awareness and concern for waste is still very minimal, with this activity it is possible to increase public awareness of waste. To realize this goal, education and implementation of management in handling waste wisely are carried out. The aim is to reduce the negative impact of waste on the environment and public health. This activity focuses on implementation by providing education on 3R-based waste management (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle).
Implementasi Jual Beli Emas Dengan Sistem Tukar Tambah Di Toko Emas H. ST. Martua Hsb Pasar Sibuhuan Menurut Perspektif Ekonomi Islam
Authors: Ida Ayu Lestariyana Hasibuan  , H.Amhar Maulana  , Nur Jannah Nasution
Published: February 2025

This thesis aims: (1) Implementation of Gold Buying and Selling with an Exchange System at the H Gold Shop. (2) To find out the implementation of buying and selling gold using an exchange system at the H. ST Gold Shop. Martua Hsb Sibuhuan Market according to an Islamic economic perspektive. This research is field research  (filed research ) With a qualitative  research type . The research  subjects were customers,  owners and employees of the H.ST Gold Shop. Martua Hsb Sibuhuan Market. Data collection techniques through interviews,  observation and documentation. Data analysis techniques are data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the research show that: (1) ST. Martua Hsb Sibuhuan Market in its implementation, consumers came bring old jewelry that has been worn previously with a purpose want to exchange the old jewelry for new jewelry by bringing proof of jewelry certificate after the gold has been weighed and appraised the price and additional charges per gram, it also depends on the condition of the old gold jewelry. If it is not damaged then it will be wor additional per gram Rp. 20,000 whereas if it is damaged then additional/cut will differ according to the condition of the gold, additional This will be used for cleaning costs. As for the system The payment is agreed upon at the time of the contract before leaving the assembly. (2)  Implementation of Gold Buying and Selling with an Exchange System at the H. ST Gold Shop. Martua Hsb Sibuhuan Market according to an Islamic ecomic perspektive, if it is linked to the concept of buying and selling using an exchange system, the terms and conditions of buying and selling have been fulfilled. The process of determining and adding prices is in accordance with the concept of justice in Islamic. So in practice it is in line with the concept of buying and selling with an exchange system where in the transaction the buyer and seller negotiate to get a price that matches the desired price by considering the type and quality of the goods. All terms and  conditions of sale and purchase can be realized so that the contract is valid and there is no damage  to the contract because both parties are willing and pleased to carry out the transaction
Analisis Pemanfaatan Kartu Indonesia Sehat (KIS) Oleh Mahasiswa KESOS USU Stambuk 2021
Authors: Eflin Novita Sinaga  , Ulina Tassia Hutagaol  , Dito Pranata  , Berlianti Berlianti
Published: February 2025

The state guarantees citizens' healthcare services as regulated in the Constitution. The Indonesia Health Card (KIS) is a tangible form of the government’s effort to realize equitable and easily accessible healthcare quality for all Indonesians. However, the implications of this program have not been evenly distributed, as experienced by students in the social welfare department of Sumatera Utara University class of 2021. KIS is very beneficial for students who are aware of and can access it, but the program’s effectiveness is still hindered by uneven information distribution and complex administrative procedures. Recommendations are provided to enhance information dissemination and simplify administrative procedures to ensure the KIS program is more inclusive and easily accessible to all students.
Peran Ijtihad dalam Menjawab Tantangan Hukum Islam di Era Modern
Authors: Robbi Hardiansyah Manik  , Fadhil Muhammad Dzaki  , Amalia Azzahra  , Juanda Pramu Yudistira  , Wismanto Wismanto  , Fitria Mayasari
Published: February 2025

This article discusses the role of ijtihad in responding to the challenges of Islamic law in the modern era. In the era of modernization marked by social changes, technological advances, and foreign cultural influences, Islamic law is faced with various complex challenges. This paper aims to analyze the role and function of ijtihad in facing the challenges of Islamic law in the modern era. This research aims to explore how ijtihad as a method of legal reasoning can adapt to the changing times. This research uses a qualitative approach with a literature study design to analyze the role of ijtihad in responding to the challenges of Islamic law in the modern era. Data was collected through a study of various literature including articles, journals, and relevant Islamic legal documents. Ijtihad comes from tge word “jahada” whiche means to sstrive hard. Ijtihad is a serious effort by a mujtahid to explore sharia law and its main sources, namely the al-Qur’an and hadist. When these 2 sources do not provide a clear answer, ijtihad is carried out through certain methods. In the figh tradition, there are several methods used in ijtihad such as qiyas, istihsan, mashalalha murshala, and urf. Overall, the role of ijtihad in responding to the challenges of Islamic law in the modern era is very relevant. The results of this research indicate that ijtihad plays a significant role in modern life, especially in providing solutions to contemporary problems faced by Muslims. Ijtihad can be a tool to strengthen understanding and active practice of Islamic teachings, making Islamic law remain relevant and beneficial for humanity in this modern era.
Gharar dalam Transaksi Ekonomi: Analisis Hukum Islam dan Implikasinya
Authors: Atik Devi Kusuma  , Lidya Zanti  , Wan Elnayla Azzahra  , Windi Alya Ramadhani  , Wismanto Wismanto
Published: February 2025

Gharar, which means uncertainty or speculation in transactions, is a very important concept in Islamic law. In Islam, every transaction is expected to run with transparency and clarity, so that all parties involved can understand their rights and obligations. Transactions containing elements of gharar often harm one party, thus creating injustice. This journal uses a qualitative approach to explore and understand the phenomenon of gharar in the context of Islamic law. This approach will allow for an in-depth view of how gharar is understood, applied, and its implications in business practices. The objectives of this journal are, Analyzing the Concept of Gharar: Identifying and analyzing the definition, characteristics, and categories of gharar in the context of Islamic law according to various sources, including the Quran and Hadith. Recognizing the types of Gharar: Gharar in the object of the transaction, Gharar in price, Gharar in time. And knowing the influence of Gharar in the context of modern economics.
Kepemimpinan Perempuan dan Persepsi Masyarakat terhadap Kesetaraan Gender di Mandailing Natal
Authors: Nur Hibbah  , Desi Safitri
Published: February 2025

Women's leadership in the perspective of gender equality in Mandailing Natal, a region with strong traditional customs and religious values. This study aims to understand the community's perception of women's leadership and analyze the obstacles and opportunities faced by women in leadership. Using gender theory and transformational leadership theory, this study identifies that patriarchal cultural norms and conservative religious interpretations are the main challenges for women leaders. However, women's success in informal leadership contexts, such as social organizations, shows the potential to change community perceptions. This study contributes to the academic literature on women's leadership and offers strategic recommendations to promote gender equality at the local level. Furthermore, this study finds that education and exposure to gender equality issues can play an important role in transforming community attitudes. In addition, more inclusive policy support and gender mainstreaming at the local level are key to opening more space for women in formal leadership. This study offers practical and theoretical contributions in understanding the dynamics of women's leadership and provides strategic recommendations to realize gender equality in Mandailing Natal.
Analisis Penerapan Pendidikan Pancasila Dalam Kerangka Kurikulum Merdeka Di SMA Negeri 17 Surabaya
Authors: Isyanto  , Suhartono
Published: February 2025

Pancasila as the basis of the state and the nation's outlook on life faces great challenges in maintaining its relevance in the era of globalization. The education system, especially through the Independent Curriculum, is a strategic instrument to internalize the values of Pancasila in the younger generation. This research aims to analyze the implementation of Pancasila education at SMA Negeri 17 Surabaya, including its opportunities, challenges, and innovations. A qualitative approach with a descriptive design was used, with data obtained through observation, interviews, and document analysis, and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model. The results of the study show that Pancasila education is integrated through project-based learning methods, discussions, and case simulations. This activity increases student engagement, despite barriers such as a lack of teacher training and teaching modules that are not fully applicable. School principals support Pancasila values-based policies, but parental involvement needs to be increased. The conclusion shows that the implementation of the Independent Curriculum opens opportunities for more applicable Pancasila education, but challenges such as teacher competence and limited resources need to be overcome. It is recommended that there be intensive training, the development of contextual modules, and strengthening collaboration between teachers, students, and parents. This research contributes to the development of relevant and sustainable Pancasila education.
Analisis Peran Lingkungan Sosial Terhadap Minat Peserta Didik dalam Memilih Pendidikan Tinggi
Authors: Rif’atul Makhrisa  , Sugeng Pradikto
Published: February 2025

This study analyzes the role of social environment on students' interest in choosing higher education using a qualitative approach based on secondary data. Factors influencing students' decisions to continue higher education involve various dimensions, including family support, peer influence, government policy, and technological developments. The family plays an important role in providing encouragement or obstacles, depending on the educational background of the parents. Peers also have a major influence in shaping students' views on the importance of higher education. In addition, social media and technology provide wider access to information, although it can create gaps if not balanced with adequate digital literacy. Technological changes and the development of skills-based industries encourage students' interest in choosing more applicable higher education paths, while government policies such as tuition subsidies and scholarships can increase access for students from low-income economic backgrounds. However, socio-economic inequality and uneven technological infrastructure are challenges in creating equal access for all levels of society. This study highlights the importance of inclusive policies, adaptation of universities to labor market needs, and broader counseling for families and students in order to make better decisions about higher education. The results of this study are expected to provide insight into the development of more sustainable and equitable education policies across all levels of society.
Pengaruh Daya Serap Siswa terhadap Mata Pelajaran Kejuruan Kelas X Jurusan Manajemen Perkantoran SMK PGRI 1 Pasuruan
Authors: Leli Amalia Putri  , Sugeng Pradikto
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study is to examine how absorption affects vocational topics for class X Office Management majors at SMK PGRI 1 Pasuruan. Ten respondents in grade X were given questionnaires as part of the quantitative methodology used to collect data. Descriptive statistics were used in the data analysis process to gauge the degree of student absorption. The findings demonstrated a strong correlation between learning outcomes in vocational topics and absorption. According to the findings, 75% of respondents had a good degree of absorption, as evidenced by their comprehension of the subject matter and their capacity to apply the ideas they had learned. Learning strategies, the learning environment, and student motivation are a few of the elements that affect absorption. These results suggest that studying vocational topics successfully depends on absorption. In order to boost students' retention of vocational courses, this study suggests that learning strategies be optimized and a supportive learning environment be established.
Pendidikan Media Digital untuk Mencegah Dampak Negatif Game Online Terhadap Nilai Kebangsaan
Authors: Wanda Sri Wahyuni  , Dan Riadi Pratama  , Saepul Dahyar  , Muhammad Jahran Rivaldi  , Herli Antoni
Published: February 2025

Digital media education is one of the important solutions in dealing with the negative impact of online games on national values among the younger generation. The background of this research departs from concerns about the influence of online games that contain violence, individualism, and lack of respect for cultural plurality, which can be contrary to Indonesian national values. The purpose of this research is to explore the role of digital media education in preventing these negative impacts and introducing national values through online games. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach with in-depth interview techniques, observation, case studies, and focus group discussions. The results of the study show that online games can have a positive or negative impact, depending on the type of game played. Games that contain elements of violence and extreme competition tend to erode national values, while educational games with historical and cultural themes can reinforce national values. Digital media education based on national values has proven to be effective in helping students choose games that educate and introduce Pancasila values. In conclusion, the application of digital media education that is integrated with national values needs to be expanded throughout Indonesia, by involving educators, parents, and the government to create a young generation that is smart in using technology and maintaining national values.
Hubungan Psikolinguistik dalam Pemerolehan dan Pembelajaran Bahasa
Authors: Maria Fatima Tae  , Liliana Ximenes  , Ofra Talelu  , Selestina Niis  , Yulita Abuk  , Yustina Sako
Published: February 2025

Psycholinguistic Relationships in Language Acquisition and Learning. Through psychology we can learn about students' attitudes and behavior in acquiring and learning language, while through linguistics we can learn about language concepts and structures. At the stage of language acquisition, four phases of language acquisition in children were found, namely 1. Babel level (starting from age 0-1 year), 2. Holophrase period (starting at age 1-2 years), 3. Sensorimotor stage (starting at age 2 -3 years) 4. Pre-operational stage. (starts at age 3-5 years). Language learning is not only done formally in formal settings, for example language learning in the classroom. However, it is not important to study anywhere, even if it is not in the classroom, as long as the learning process is directed at the conscious mastery of linguistic rules by educators and students, then the process is called learning. In the formal and non-formal learning process, the psycholinguistic process works to obtain language knowledge through learning. So that interdisciplinarity can accompany educators to understand the processes that occur within each student when they try to understand and provide understanding of the material in language learning presented in class.
Pengaruh Metode Gerak dan Lagu Terhadap Kecerdasan Kinestetik Anak Usia5-6 Tahun di TK Negeri Kartini Desa Duano Kecamatan Suwawa TengahKabupaten Bone Bolango
Authors: Leysa Tagele  , Sri Wahyuningsi Laiya  , Nunung Suryana Jamin
Published: February 2025

This article discusses the impact of the Movement and Song Method on the Kinesthetic Intelligence of 4-5 Year old Children at TK State Kartini Kindergarten, Duano Village, Suwawa Tengah District, Bone Bolango Regency. The study aims to determine how the movement and song method impacts the kinesthetic intelligence of 5-6 year old children. This quantitative research employed an experimental method. The research design used was a one-group pretest-posttest design with data collection techniques, including observation and tests. The subjects were 5-6 year old children, with a sample size of 15 children. Based on the t-test analysis (paired sample test), the results showed that tcount was greater than ttable (14.701 > 2.160) and the sig (2-tailed) = 0.000 < 0.05. Therefore, Ha was accepted, and the HO was rejected. It can be concluded that the movement and song method significantly impacts the kinesthetic intelligence of 4-5 year old children at TK State Kartini Kindergarten, Duano Village, Suwawa Tengah District, Bone Bolango Regency.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Pop-Up Book untuk Perkembangan Bahasa Lisan Ekspresif Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun di TK Tunas Harapan Ambarita
Authors: Ruth Trya Yogi Manik  , Dwi Septi Anjas Wulan
Published: February 2025

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of using Pop-up Book Media for the Development of Expressive Spoken Language in children aged 5-6 years. The method used in this research is a quantitative method. This research uses a one-group pretest-posttest design, meaning that the researcher randomly places participants into one group and does not check the condition of other groups to determine stability or clarity before providing treatment. This research was conducted at Tunas Harapan Ambarita Kindergarten, 10 participants were the sample for this research. The null hypothesis of this research was tested using non-parametric statistics. By using the Wilcoxon test, if Tcount is compared with Ttable N 10 with α = 0.05 Ttable = 8. From the data analysis above, it can be said that Tcount > Ttable where 55 > 8, thus the hypothesis is accepted. This means "There is a significant influence of the use of pop-up book media on the development of expressive spoken language in children aged 5-6 years at Tunas Harapan Ambarita Kindergarten.
Kerjasama Guru dan Orang Tua dalam Membiasakan Perilaku Mandiri pada Anak di TK Al-huda Kec. Kota Selatan Kota Gorontalo
Authors: Sri Melianty Aliwu  , Nurhayati Tine  , Nunung Suryana Jamin
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study is to explore "Teacher-Parent Collaboration in Fostering Independent Behavior in Children at TK Al-Huda Kindergarten, Kota Selatan District, Gorontalo City." This study used a descriptive qualitative method, with participants including the principal, teachers, parents, and children. Data was collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. Findings indicated that efforts to instill independent behavior in children remained limited and unstructured. Communication between teachers and parents typically occurred through regular meetings, lacking in-depth discussion or specific strategies. Teachers conveyed independence-related rules, such as eating independently and tidying up toys, but there was no structured program to support independence systematically. Observations showed positive development in some areas, such as independent activities and socialization, though some children still required guidance in emotional regulation and empathy. Clearer programs and guidelines optimize teacher-parent collaboration to foster children's independence better.
Komunikasi dalam Pengasuhan AUD : Membangun Fondasi Perkembangan yang Sehat
Authors: Sri Mulyati  , Shintya Anugrah Rahmadani  , Mufaro’ah Mufaro’ah
Published: February 2025

In the communication process to achieve certain goals, there are three main components involved, namely the source of the message, the recipient of the message, and the message itself. In the early childhood education phase, it is important to improve communication by considering their developmental stage. What needs to be considered is the child's language progress, which will have a significant influence on communication strategies in this age group. One of the common mistakes that adult communicators make is a lack of understanding in communicating with children. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to communication barriers that may arise when interacting with them. There are three important things to pay attention to, namely using appropriate terms, maintaining good conversation, and giving clear instructions when you want to change the topic of conversation. By establishing effective communication, the growth and development of early childhood will occur optimally and healthily.
Analisis Kemampuan Kerjasama Anak Usia Dini Kelompok B1 TK Pembina Agropilitan
Authors: Fiola Indah Putri Pratama  , Marsya Cikita  , Tira Talangani  , Wayan Indriani  , Herlisna Kuku
Published: February 2025

This research aims to analyze cooperative abilities in early childhood (AUD) and the factors that influence them. The subjects of this research were children aged 4 to 5 years who were in Agropolitan Kindergarten in the Toto area, South, Kabila District, Bone Bolango Regency. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods, which involves direct observation of children's social interactions in group activities, interviews with educators, and analysis of documents related to children's social development. The data analysis technique used is quantitative analysis. The results of the research show that the ability to collaborate in early childhood develops gradually, from the ability to follow group instructions at the age of 4-5 years, to the skills to resolve conflicts and work in group projects at the age of 5-6 years. Factors that influence children's cooperative abilities include support from the family environment, educational approaches based on collaborative learning, and peer influence. However, several challenges were found, such as children's difficulty in sharing, lack of social experience, and differences in individual character. As a solution, it is recommended that educators and parents be more active in developing children's social skills through collaborative games, project-based learning, as well as empathy training and constructive conflict resolution. It is hoped that this research will provide insight into the development of teaching methods that can support the development of cooperation in early childhood.
Penggunaan Permainan Bowling dalam Pengenalan Angka Terhadap Anak Usia Dini di RA Tadika Adnani
Authors: Samhani Siregar  , Ali Masran Daulay  , Hanifah Oktarina
Published: February 2025

Samhani Siregar. Nim (19030058). This thesis is about the Use of Bowling Game in the introduction of numbers to early childhood at RA Tadika Adnani with research objectives 1. How to use bowling games to improve number recognition for early childhood in RA Adnani Kindergarten research is included in qualitative descriptive research, data collection is carried out using observation methods, documentation. Data analysis is carried out after the data is collected using triagulation techniques (comparing, checking, checking the validity of the data) with the results of observation and documentation. The results of the analysis of the use of educational game tools using bowling games in the recognition of numbers for early childhood at RA Adnani Kindergarten have begun to develop as expected, the evaluation carried out by teachers provides reports on children's behavior and development to parents. This is very helpful for children in developing early childhood number bowling games that have been applied by teachers so that children are able to recognize numbers well and correctly. The indicators developed in the bowling game are that children are able to recognize numbers, children are able to pronounce numbers 0-9 clearly, children are able to match number symbols.
Analisis Pengaruh Paparan Konten Negatif di Media Sosial Terhadap Kesehatan Mental Gen Z
Authors: Henisa Sabillillah  , Tata Sutabri
Published: February 2025

Social media has become an inseparable part of Gen Z's daily life. However, despite its benefits, exposure to negative content on social media can adversely affect mental health. This study aims to analyze the extent to which exposure to negative content influences Gen Z's mental health. The research employs a quantitative approach by surveying 300 respondents aged 18–25 in Indonesia. The findings reveal a significant correlation between exposure to negative content, such as cyberbullying, fake news, and body shaming, and higher levels of anxiety, depression, and stress. This article provides insights for policymakers and society to create a healthier social media ecosystem, emphasizing the importance of digital literacy, content moderation, and stricter regulations to mitigate harmful content exposure.
Teaching Through Content-Based and ESP Theories: Need for Vocational English in Agronomy and Veterinary Sections in Beni Secondary Schools.
Authors: Edmond Kakule Kavulikirwa , Tembue Zembele wa Ololo
Published: February 2025

Purpose: The study objective is to substantiate the effectiveness of teaching English through content-based and ESP theories in agricultural and veterinary options in Beni secondary schools.
Methodology: In order to complete the research, the study used fieldwork for data collection. The collected information was subject to content analysis in order to understand what the respondents meant.
Findings: The results reveal that English teachers teach more general English (72%) than vocational English (28%). Yet, agrovet pupils expressed the need to learn less general English (8%) than vocational English (92%). The materials in general English could not bring learners to comprehend, express, read, and know materials of their domains.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: Researchers tailored to pupils’ needs a syllabus containing texts of their fields. They made exercises to help teachers approach the texts. The proposed methodology is eclectic with much focus on visual aids. This implies that a change in content and pedagogy is likely to make agrovet pupils proficient in English and conduct their profession easily.
Piecing It All Together: An Examination of Land-Grant History and Contemporary Contexts
Authors: Hurdle Clay
Published: February 2025

The land-grant system’s tripartite mission of teaching, research, and Extension was intended to improve the American livelihood while making contributions to the advancement of U.S. agriculture and economic development. To date, historical analyses within the field of agricultural education have focused on special interest topics rather than a broader understanding of land-grant system history and current events. This study sought to examine both the historical and contemporary contexts for the U.S. land-grant system’s development and current place in society. Twenty primary source and forty-nine secondary source documents were analyzed with historical research methods to better understand historic sentiments toward land-grant education and the contexts for topics currently relevant to the land-grant system. Findings suggest that financial concerns are common in 1862 land-grants but are more so among 1890 and 1994 land-grants. There is financial inequity among 1890 land-grants due to a funding disparity compared to their 1862 peer institutions. Reports also substantiate how much land the federal government illicitly requisitioned from Native American and indigenous groups to support land-grant development in the 19th Century. Recommendations include additional research on this topic using integrative approaches to better understand inequity within the land-grant system and so that the field of agricultural education scholars is better equipped to educate key stakeholders such as K-12 educators, advocacy groups, and policymakers.
SPONTANEOUS BILATERAL TUBAL ECTOPIC PREGNANCY
Authors: Mumtaz Ambreen , Siddique Uzma
Published: February 2025

Bilateral spontaneous tubal pregnancy is the rarest form of ectopic pregnancy. Bilateral tubal pregnancy in the absence of proceeding ovulation induction is rare, with an incidence of 1 in 725 to 1 in 1580 ectopic pregnancies. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult because ultrasound has its limitations. They are usually diagnosed at the time of surgery. We report a case of spontaneous bilateral tubal pregnancy. A 35 years old patient with parity 3 and 1 abortion was admitted with the complaint of pain in lower abdomen with vaginal bleeding for 1 month. Laparotomy was done for the diagnosis of single ectopic pregnancy but diagnosis of bilateral tubal pregnancy was made intraoperatively. Bilateral salpingectomy was performed without complication and histopathology report confirmed the diagnosis. This highlights the importance of closely examining both tubes at the time of surgery in order to prevent maternal morbidity and mortality. Key Words:Ectopic pregnancy,Tubal Pregnancy, Assisted Reproductive Technique,
EFFECT OF CITRULLUS LANATUS SEEDS (ETHANOLIC EXTRACT) ON NORMAL RENAL FUNCTIONS AND SERUM ELECTROLYTES OF ALBINO RATS
Authors: Warraich Neelofar Yousaf , Hafeez Amtul , Siddique Wardah , Parveen Fouzia , Fatima Shahnaz , Rashid Nazia
Published: February 2025

Objectives:To evaluate the effect of Citrullus lanatus seeds on normal renal functions and serum electrolytes for the improvement of kidney health in order to perform its functions in normal and stressful conditions.Methods:The studywas conducted at the Pharmacology Department, KEMU, Lahore and UVAS, Lahore in 2017.It was a randomized controlled trial (RCT). A sample size of 16 healthy albino wistarrats was taken. Rats were divided into two equal groups with 8numberof rats in each group and kept separately in metabolic cages. Group A was normal control group and given normal saline once a day orally. Group B was given the ethanolic extract of Citrullus lanatus seeds I/P 600 mg/kg/day. Renal function tests (blood urea nitrogen, serum,and urine creatinine clearance) and serum electrolytes (Ca++, Na+, K+, Mg++) were evaluated along with effects on urinary volume, pH and specific gravity on day zero and day 14.Results:Urinary output markedly increased in group B taking Citrullus lanatusseeds extract in comparison to normal control Group A with significant p-value < 0.001. Urinary pH of group B was improved significantly with p-value <0.001 in comparison to group A. Whereas, there was the insignificant difference in RFTS, serum electrolytes & urinary specific gravity of both groups at the end of the study.Conclusion:The ethanolic extract of Citrullus lanatus seeds is helpful in maintaining kidney health to perform its functions properly.KeyWords:Citrullus LanatusSeeds, Renal functions Tests, Serum Electrolytes
COMPARISONOFTHE RESULTS OF ANTERIOR NASAL PACKING VERSUS WITHOUT ANTERIOR NASAL PACKING FOR BETTER MANAGEMENT OF SEPTOPLASTY
Authors: Bhutta Zubair Iqbal , Sheikh Ali Husnain , Saleem Muhammad Dawood , Roy Shuman
Published: February 2025

Objectives:The rationale of this study was to compare the results of anterior nasal packing versus without anterior nasal packing for better management of septoplasty.Methods:This study was conducted in the department of ENT, Akhtar Saeed Trust Hospital Lahore on 220 patients who were randomly divided intotwo equal groups. Septoplasty was performed by a single team of surgeons and patients were followed till 6 weeks for evaluation of post-septoplasty complications like pain, septal hematoma,and bleeding. Data wascollected on a specially designed proforma (attached) and analyzed on SPSS version 20.Results:In this study of 220 patients, there were 139 males and 81 females with age range from 18 to 45 years. The mean age of 139 (63.2%) male patients and 81 (39.1%)female patients was 25.90 ± 5.974.The female to male ratio was 1:1.7. In group “A” consisting of 67 (60.9%) male and 43 (39.1%) female patients the mean age was 25.89 ± 5.97. Similarly,group “B” consisting of 72 (65.5%) male and 38 (34.5%) female patients the mean age was 25.92 ± 6.194. In group “A” (with anterior nasal packing) after septoplasty 51 (46.4%), 45 (40.9%) and 14 (12.1%) patients described mild, moderate and severe pain respectively on visual analog scale. In group “B” (without anterior nasal packing) 18 (16.4%) had no pain and 92 (83.6%) patients had mild pain during the first 24 hours post-operatively (P-value < 0.05). During septoplasty 03 (2.75) patients from each group developed primary heamorrhage of grade I. Reactionary haemorrhage wasnoted in 27 (24.5%) patient in group A and 8 (7.30%) in group B. Secondary heamorrhage was noted in 26 (23.6%) patients in group A and 04 (3.6%) in group B with statistically significant difference (P-value < 0.05). Conclusion:On the basis of results in two groups, post-septoplasty complications rate of pain, primary & secondary haemorrhage was less in group B (without anterior nasal packing) than in group A (with anterior nasal packing). Septal hematoma formation was rare in both groups and statistically was not significant. On the basis of the result obtained from this study, it is recommended that septoplasty operation without anterior nasal packing can be used confidently to achieve the best surgical results.Key Words:Nasal septum, septoplasty, Nasal Packing
PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS OF NIGELLA SATIVA (KALONJI)
Authors: Qureshi Hamid Javaid , Bashir Muhammad Usman
Published: February 2025

Nigella Sativa (Kalonji) is extensively grown in many countriesincluding Pakistan. These havebeen used for therapeuticpurposesforcenturies. Its effects are due to its constituent'sthymoquinone and thymohydroxyquinone. Thymoquainonereduces the duration of tonic-clonic seizures.Nigella Sativa possesses anxiolytic and neuroprotective effects. Its seeds extract reduces systolicand diastolic blood pressures and blood lipids. Reduction in blood glucose,leucocyte and platelet counts has been reported. Thymoquinone has gastroprotective and hepatoprotective effects. Its seeds are potential immunosuppressive, cytotoxic,antibacterial and antiprolifertive agents. Aqueous extract of Nigella Sativa increasesweight of reproductive organs, spermatogenesis,and secretion of seminal vesicles and prostate. This extract also has anti-inflammatory, analgesic,antipyretic and antioxidant effects.To conclude, theseeds of Nigella Sativa in addition to their use as spicespossess a variety of Pharmacological actions. KeyWord:Nigella Sativa, Blood platelets, Spermatogenesis, Prostate
MORPHINEOVERDOSE IN A PATIENT USINGPATIENT CONTROLLED ANALGESIA(PCA)-A CASE REPORT
Authors: Bashir Muhammad Adeel , Khan Ahsun Waqar
Published: February 2025

Background: Good post-operative pain control is crucial to the success of the surgery and the well-beingof the patient. Pain relief after surgeryis the most important concern amongst patients. The term, PCA,refers to on-demand,periodic intravenous administration of opioids,whichcan be operated by the patient to administer self-medication.The use of PCAhas improved control of pain in the immediate period after surgery. The use of theseadvanced machines with a high degree of complexity has led to the addition of new sources oferrorsincluding programming errors.Case Description: A twenty-one years old malepatient with a confirmed diagnosis ofa soft tissue tumor“angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma”, was enlisted for excision of the tumor tissue with groin nodes clearancealong withpedicled posterior tibial artery propeller flap. Initially, epidural was used for postoperative analgesia. However, due to continuous motor blockade, the decision was made to discontinue the epidural and use PCA morphine for controlling postoperative pain. Due to an error in setting up of the electronic device, 45 mg of morphine was administered to the patient instead of 1 mg bolus. Afteran interval of five minutespost-drug administration,the patient complained ofnausea, headache,and vertigo.Practical Implications: On duty nurse immediately alerted the anesthesiateam about the morphine overdose. The patientwas shifted to the surgical extended care unit for monitoring of the cardiac and respiratoryfunction. The patient’s haemodynamic parameters remained within the normal range and no airway intervention was required.Recommendations: Based on this incident, regular training of the anesthesiatrainees should be carried out and softwareof the PCAdevices should be adjusted to minimize errors when complex parameters are entered. Key Words: Analgesia, Surgery, Anesthesia
CAREER PREFERENCES AND BRAIN DRAINING THREATS AMONG YOUNG MEDICAL GRADUATES OF SERVICES INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, LAHORE.
Authors: Riffat Nayyer , Mumtaz Uzair , Qureshi Zoofishan , Jabeen Shafqat , Noor Tehmina , Shafiq Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Objectives: To determinethe career preferences and to assess the brain drain threats among young medical graduates of the Services Institute of Medical Sciences(SIMS)Lahore.Material and Methods:This cross-sectional study was carried out in students of final yearMBBSand house officers of Services Hospital Lahore. A detailed questionnaire was used to collect dataand face to face interview was also conducted.Results:A total of 310 students,including 144 final year students and 166 house officers,with(61.29%)male and (38.71%)female. (70.97%)of the respondentswere intended to migrate abroad to pursue the training. UKandUSwere the most preferreddestinations. The reasons cited for migrationabroad were quality of training (63.64%), economic prospect,after training (15.91%), salary during training (9.09%), professional prospect,after training (9.09%), and desire to settle abroad (2.27%). For respondents who had no plan of migrating abroad, the most important reason for staying in Pakistan was family ties (44.44%), followed by a desire to serve the nation (33.33%), professional satisfaction (11.11%), desire to livein Pakistan (5.56%) and lack of resources (5.56%). Surgery was the first choiceby 41.9% of the graduates, followed by Internal Medicine (24.2%), General Medicine/Family Medicine (9.7%), Psychiatry (6.5%), Pediatrics (4.8%), Obstetrics andGynecology (4.8%) while (3.2%) selected dermatology.Conclusion: Improvement inthe health care system and medical education should be made along with the policysettings to attract young doctors to settle down in Pakistanand to opt high-priority disciplines so that imbalances encountered would be minimal in the future.KeyWords:Brain Drain, Medical Education, Career Preferences