bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concentration Characteristics of Culturable Airborne Microbes in the Urban Forests of Yangzhou
Authors: Wan Xin , Qiu Sumei , Xu Cong , Li Liwen , Xing Wei , Yuan Yingdan
Published: February 2025

Culturable airborne microorganisms significantly impact air quality and human health in urban forest land. Their concentrations serve as key air quality indicators. Over a year, this study analyzed airborne microorganisms in six forest stands within the Zhuyu Bay Scenic Area, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China, to assess concentration characteristics and seasonal variations. Results showed that bacterial concentrations peaked in spring and summer, while fungal concentrations were highest in March. Microbial levels remained elevated from April to June, with variations among forest stands. A correlation analysis linked humidity, temperature, negative ion concentration, particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), and air pressure to microorganism fluctuations. To further explore the impact mechanism of urban microclimate on air microorganism concentrations, this study confirmed a strong positive influence of climatic factors on microorganism concentrations, particularly temperature and humidity. In conclusion, this study identifies seasonal patterns and microclimate interactions that affect airborne microorganism concentrations in urban forests. Findings contribute to ecosystem assessment, urban ecological planning, and climate improvement strategies, supporting informed decision-making.
The Optimization of a Ternary Blend Using Grey Relation Analysis with the Taguchi Method for the Improved Performance and Reduction of Exhaust Emissions
Authors: Naik Ganesh G. , Dharmadhikari Hanumant M. , More Sunil A. , Sarris Ioannis E.
Published: February 2025

The demand for renewable and environmentally friendly fuels has prompted the exploration of alternative energy sources to replace conventional fossil fuels. This work investigates the optimization of a ternary blend comprising cottonseed oil (CSO), neem oil (NO), and orange peel Oil (OPO) for improved combustion characteristics, enhanced performance, and reduced exhaust emissions. Biodiesels like Cotton Seed Oil Methyl Ester (CSOME), Neem Oil Methyl Ester (NOME), and Orange Peel Oil Methyl Ester (OPOME) were made from CSO, NO, and OPO, respectively. The experimental results show major improvements in thermal efficiency and reductions in key pollutants, including NOx, CO, HC, and smoke. The best blending ratios are determined through a methodical process that employs optimization tools such as Grey Relation Analysis (GRA) with the Taguchi Method and ANOVA for validation. Then, various proportions of these biodiesels were tested in a CRDI engine to optimize the ternary blend proportions. The addition of 10% CSO and 10% OPO to NO reduces NOx emissions by 10% at CR17 as compared to diesel. Brake thermal efficiency improved by 9.08%. HC emission decreased by 10%. Average smoke opacity decreased by 27.65%. Cylinder pressure remains unchanged, but the Net Heat Release rate increased by 2%. Optimum parameters obtained are G2B10 Blend, Load 100%, CR17 and 10% EGR. The findings underscore the potential of this ternary blend as a viable alternative to conventional diesel fuel, with GRA using Taguchi proving to be an effective optimization tool for Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM).
Sociodemographic Determinants of Reproductive Healthcare Service Use Among Pregnant Women in Pakistan
Authors: He Zhifei , Bishwajit Ghose , Wu Fubo
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Using the essential reproductive care services such as antenatal care (ANC) and skilled birth services are vital for ensuring safe motherhood and controlling maternal and child mortality. There is no recent evidence on the state of using reproductive care services in Pakistan women. The purpose of the cross-sectional study is to explore the timing and frequency of ANC, the hospital and other institutional delivery, the cesarean section (C-section) services and to identify the sociodemographic factors that are associated with the use of these services. Methodology: Using the latest Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (2017-18 PDHS) for this analysis, the data were collected by face-to-face interviews by trained interviewers, which included 8287 women aged 15–49 years. The data on reproductive services were defined by standard guidelines by the World Health Organization (WHO). Data analyses involved univariate tests and multivariate regression techniques. Results: The percentage of women who attended ANC visits in the first trimester was 62.59%, and those who attended the minimum recommended number of four visits was 49.46%. The percentages of using hospital and C-section services were, respectively, 76.20% and 19.63%. In the regression analysis, place of residence, education, household wealth status, access to using electronic media and learning about family planning from electronic media and before marriage were found to significantly predict the use of ANC and facility delivery services. However, educational and household wealth status stood out as the strongest predictors of all. About half of the women were not having adequate ANC visits and about one-third not making timely ANC contact. More than three-quarters reported choosing to deliver at hospital/other facility, and about one-fifth preferred C-section. Conclusions: The results indicated that, among the predictor of using these services, education and household wealth status were found to have the strongest association, highlighting the role of women’s socioeconomic well-being in availing the basic reproductive healthcare services. Hence, this study suggests that the government and medical institutions should further pay attention to the ANC visits and reduce infant birth mortality rates. Simultaneously, increasing women’s educational opportunities, enhancing women’s socioeconomic well-being and social status, can help improve their health awareness and promote healthy behaviors.
Active Visual Art Therapy in the General Hospital: Facts and Challenges from an Ethical Perspective
Authors: Martinelli Valentina , Lumer Estella Linda Luisa , Fusar Poli Laura , Chiappedi Matteo , Politi Pierluigi
Published: February 2025

For decades, art in its many forms has been used to improve patients’ quality of life and mental health. A growing amount of literature has shown the effectiveness of active visual art therapy (AVAT) on different patient outcomes and highlighted the need for international collaboration and harmonization of research methods. Evidence regarding AVAT inside the general hospital is still limited. This context poses unique challenges in terms of feasibility, heterogeneity, settings, and type of participants, together with significant ethical implications in terms of humanization of care. This narrative review aimed to report the available data on the effectiveness of visual art therapy in the general hospital and discuss them through the lens of the key bioethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice introduced by Childress and Beauchamp. Current evidence supports the effectiveness of AVAT on children and adult inpatients’ outcomes, particularly in the areas of pain control, anxiety, and depression, therefore supporting the individual’s autonomy and beneficence. With regard to justice and equity, AVAT proved to be a safe and cost-effective adjunct intervention to medical management inside the hospital. A more in-depth understanding of the ethical aspects implied in using AVAT in the general hospital may add a further contribution to the implementation of art interventions in patient-centered care.
Identification of Putative Serum Autoantibodies Associated with Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 via Comprehensive Protein Array Analysis
Authors: Hatayama Yasuyoshi , Miyakawa Kei , Kimura Yayoi , Horikawa Kazuo , Hirahata Kouichi , Kimura Hirokazu , Kato Hideaki , Goto Atsushi , Ryo Akihide
Published: February 2025

Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), commonly known as “Long COVID”, represents a significant clinical challenge characterized by persistent symptoms following acute COVID-19 infection. We conducted a comprehensive retrospective cohort study to identify serum autoantibody biomarkers associated with PASC. Initial screening using a protein bead array comprising approximately 20,000 human proteins identified several candidate PASC-associated autoantibodies. Subsequent validation by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in an expanded cohort—consisting of PASC patients, non-PASC COVID-19 convalescents, and pre-pandemic healthy controls—revealed two promising biomarkers: autoantibodies targeting PITX2 and FBXO2. PITX2 autoantibodies demonstrated high accuracy in distinguishing PASC patients from both non-PASC convalescents (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.891) and healthy controls (AUC = 0.866), while FBXO2 autoantibodies showed moderate accuracy (AUC = 0.762 and 0.786, respectively). Notably, the levels of these autoantibodies were associated with several PASC symptoms, including fever, dyspnea, palpitations, loss of appetite, and brain fog. The identification of PITX2 and FBXO2 autoantibodies as biomarkers not only enhances our understanding of PASC pathophysiology but also provides promising candidates for further investigation.
Popularity Bias in Recommender Systems: The Search for Fairness in the Long Tail
Authors: Carnovalini Filippo , Rodà Antonio , Wiggins Geraint A.
Published: February 2025

The importance of recommender systems has grown in recent years, as these systems are becoming one of the primary ways in which we access content on the Internet. Along with their use, concerns about the fairness of the recommendations they propose have rightfully risen. Recommender systems are known to be affected by popularity bias, the disproportionate preference towards popular items. While this bias stems from human tendencies, algorithms used in recommender systems can amplify it, resulting in unfair treatment of end-users and/or content creators. This article proposes a narrative review of the relevant literature to characterize and understand this phenomenon, both in human and algorithmic terms. The analysis of the literature highlighted the main themes and underscored the need for a multi-disciplinary approach that examines the interplay between human cognition, algorithms, and socio-economic factors. In particular, the article discusses how the overall fairness of recommender systems is impacted by popularity bias. We then describe the approaches that have been used to mitigate the harmful effects of this bias and discuss their effectiveness in addressing the issue, finding that some of the current approaches fail to face the problem in its entirety. Finally, we identify some open problems and research opportunities to help the advancement of research in the fairness of recommender systems.
Design of Sensorized Rail Pads for Real-Time Monitoring and Predictive Maintenance of Railway Infrastructure
Authors: Guillén Amparo , Guerrero-Bustamante Oswaldo , Iglesias Guillermo R. , Moreno-Navarro Fernando , Sol-Sánchez Miguel
Published: February 2025

Embedding sensors in rail pads allows for direct monitoring of train–track interaction, which is essential for preventive maintenance and sustainable management of railway infrastructure. Nonetheless, given the critical role that rail pads play in enhancing railway track performance and durability, it is crucial to define the optimal configuration of the sensorized pads (InterActive Pads) that ensures both mechanical reliability and functional accuracy. Also, before its widespread application, it is mandatory to provide calibration and modelling to allow for preventive maintenance, improving sustainable management. Thus, this research optimizes the design of rail pads with embedded piezoelectric sensors while validating its performance and developing calibration models to enable the implementation of preventive measures for railroad tracks. Laboratory tests identified the optimal sensor position at the rail pad extremity, featuring a half-embedded design with a gap beneath to ensure mechanical resistance and durability. Large-scale testing further facilitated the development of a calibration model that enhances diagnostic accuracy and supports proactive and sustainable maintenance strategies. The findings demonstrate a strong correlation between sensor signals and train-induced forces, allowing predictions of long-term track performance. This predictive capability enables more effective maintenance, reducing costs and improving safety. By providing a sustainable solution for railway management, this research lays the groundwork for future implementation on real tracks, offering a robust framework for proactive, data-driven maintenance strategies.
Projecting Current and Future Habitat Suitability of the Pepper Weevil, Anthonomus eugenii Cano, 1894 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in China: Implications for the Pepper Industry
Authors: Li Qisong , Mao Jianxiang , Wang Weifeng , Liu Ruijun , Xie Qiufan , Su Shiyao , Wang Zhong , Song Yunzhe , Hong Yongcong , Cai Pumo
Published: February 2025

The pepper weevil, Anthonomus eugenii Cano, 1894 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), poses a significant threat to pepper cultivation, causing extensive crop damage and economic losses. While numerous studies have addressed its occurrence, biology, and control methods, less attention has been given to how climate change might alter its distribution. This research utilized the optimized MaxEnt model to project the current and future habitat suitability of the pepper weevil under four distinct climate scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5) for the periods spanning the 2030s to 2090s. Optimal model performance was achieved with a regularization multiplier of two and a feature combination of QHP, yielding high predictive accuracy with mean testing AUC values of 0.921. The analysis identified annual mean temperature (Bio1) and precipitation of the coldest quarter (Bio19) as the primary environmental factors influencing the pest’s distribution. Currently, in China, suitable habitats for A. eugenii encompass an area of 273.74 × 104 km2 or 28.47% of the nation’s territory, predominantly located in central, eastern, southern, and southwestern regions. Future projections suggest that suitable areas are expected to shrink across various scenarios, barring increases in specific instances like SSP126-2050s, SSP245-2070s, and SSP370-2050s, with shifts towards southwestern regions. This investigation deepens our comprehension of agricultural pest dynamics under climate change and supports the formulation of preemptive management strategies to safeguard agricultural productivity.
Bridging the Gap Between Platforms: Comparing Grape Phylloxera Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch) Microsatellite Allele Size and DNA Sequence Variation
Authors: Blacket Mark J. , Piper Alexander M. , Hoffmann Ary A. , Cunningham John Paul , Valenzuela Isabel
Published: February 2025

Grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch), is an economically significant pest of grapevines. Identification of phylloxera genotypes is an important aspect of management as genotypes differ in virulence and susceptibility to control using resistant rootstocks. Microsatellite markers developed on polyacrylamide gel systems have been the most widely used molecular method for phylloxera genotype identification, but this approach has been superseded by fluorescent capillary-based genotyping. The current study presents new laboratory methods for amplifying a standard set of eight phylloxera microsatellite markers using PCR-incorporated fluorescently labelled primers, genotyped on an ABI capillary platform. Comparison of allele size data scored on (i) polyacrylamide, (ii) capillary, and (iii) high-throughput sequencing (HTS) platforms revealed that the capillary genotyping most closely matched the HTS allele sizes, while alleles of loci originally scored on a polyacrylamide platform differ in size by up to three base pairs, mostly due to the presence of previously uncharacterised DNA sequence indels. Seven common clonal lineages of phylloxera known from Australia are proposed as reference samples for use in calibrating genotyping systems between platforms and laboratories to ensure universal scoring of allele sizes, providing a critical link for accurately matching previous phylloxera genotype studies with current research.
The Interaction Among Effector, Regulatory, and Tγδ Cells Determines the Development of Allergy or Tolerance to Chromium
Authors: Zemelka-Wiacek Magdalena
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Chromium, a common environmental and occupational sensitizer, frequently induces allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). This study investigates the role of CD4+ (T helper), CD8+ (T cytotoxic), regulatory (Tregs: CD4+CD25+ and CD8+CD25+), and gamma delta (Tγδ) T cells in chromium tolerance versus hypersensitivity. Methods: Six chromium-allergic patients and six healthy controls were recruited, confirmed via patch testing. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and cultured, with chromium exposure and proliferation assays conducted. Specific T cell subtypes were isolated and analyzed for chromium-specific proliferative responses, cytokine production, and metabolic activity. Results: Chromium-allergic individuals exhibited broad proliferation across PBMC and T cell subsets, contrasting with restricted responses in controls. Treg cells in healthy subjects effectively suppressed T cell proliferation in response to chromium, while allergic individuals showed unmodulated T cell activity, indicative of impaired regulatory function. Cytokine analysis revealed elevated IL-2 and TNF-α but absent IL-10 in allergic patients. Metabolic assessments showed higher glycolytic activity in Tregs of healthy controls, suggesting enhanced regulatory potential. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of balanced effector and regulatory T cell interactions for chromium tolerance. Dysregulated Treg and Tγδ cell functions in allergic individuals may contribute to hypersensitivity, with implications for targeted therapeutic strategies to restore immune balance and reduce allergic responses in chromium-sensitive patients.
Triglycerides/High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio and Coronary Artery Disease: Results from a Large Single-Center Study
Authors: De Luca Giuseppe , Nardin Matteo , Micari Antonino , Kedhi Elvin , Galasso Gennaro , Verdoia Monica ,   on behalf of the Novara Atherosclerosis Study Group (NAS)
Published: February 2025

Background. Despite the achievement of therapeutic goals regarding low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels with statins, high residual risk of events was reported in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Widespread attention has recently been focused on low plasmatic levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) and high levels of triglycerides as risk factors for cardiovascular disease and as potential pharmacological targets, with particular attention paid to their ratio. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the association between triglycerides and HDLs and the TG/HDL ratio and their association with the prevalence and extent of CAD. Methods. We included patients undergoing non-urgent coronary angiography at Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria “Maggiore della Carità”, Novara, Italy, from 2007 to 2018. Patients chronically treated with triglyceride-lowering therapies (PUFA and Fibrates) were excluded from this analysis. Fasting samples were collected at the moment of angiography. CAD was defined as at least one vessel stenosis >50%. Results. Our study population of 5997 patients was divided according to TG/HDL ratio quartiles. The TG/HDL ratio was significantly associated with age, gender, smoking status, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and the chronic use of ACE inhibitors, statins, beta-blockers, aspirin, ADP antagonists, and diuretics. The TG/HDL ratio was additionally associated with several laboratory parameters. In multiple logistic regression analysis, HDLs but not the TG/HDL ratio were independently associated with the prevalence and extent of CAD. Conclusions. Our study showed that HDLs but not the TG/HDL ratio are independently associated with the extent and prevalence of CAD. Therefore, this ratio does not provide additional prognostic information to HDLs in the prediction of the prevalence and extent of this disease.
Clinical Care Delivery in Chest Pain Patients Without an Acute Coronary Syndrome—A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Alrefaee Anas , Eltawansy Sherif , Alshami Abbas , Łajczak Paweł , Udongwo Ndausung , Ayob George , Selan Jeffrey
Published: February 2025

Background: Chest pain is a prevalent and critical complaint among patients in emergency departments (EDs) across the United States. Professional societies have refined clinical guidelines to establish the most effective diagnostic pathways for identifying obstructive coronary artery disease. However, many healthcare systems do not adhere to the guideline-validated clinical pathways and instead order repeat diagnostic testing. This study evaluated the efficiency of care delivered to chest pain patients in our tertiary medical center. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients presenting to our ED with acute chest pain between November and December 2022, collecting information about chest pain, the testing received, and their outcomes. The data were then reviewed to determine clinical practice patterns. Results: We included 342 patients, with a mean age of 54 years; 54.7% of study participants were females. Patients who were eventually admitted from the ED (46.5%, n = 159) were either under observation or inpatient status. Furthermore, 16.6%, n = 57, of patients had an ischemic evaluation within the preceding year. Physicians documented a HEART score in 24.6%, n = 84 of the patients. While HEART score is a considerable factor utilized by admitting physicians to triage incoming patients, 39%, n = 62, of all admitted patients had a low HEART score (<3) and a negative ischemic evaluation within the past year. Conclusions: This single-center retrospective analysis of care delivery for non-ACS (acute coronary syndrome) chest pain patients demonstrated that the HEART score was not thoroughly documented in the study population. This resulted in an overperformance of inpatient ischemic testing, with an increased length of stay and costs for the institution and healthcare system. This study serves as a quality improvement initiative to explore similar data within their institutions and as a reminder of the importance of utilizing validated clinical pathways to streamline clinical care and reduce healthcare costs.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Assessment of the Prevalence and Association of Pulp Calcification with Dental and Periodontal Pathology: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Sanz José Luis , Callado Lucía , Mantale Stefana , Nicolás Jenifer , Ghilotti James , Llena Carmen
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Pulp stones (PSs) are calcified masses, with rounded or oval shapes, ranging from small particles to masses larger than the chamber and/or canals. There are limited data regarding the prevalence of pulp stones in the Iberian population. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of PSs, using CBCT, in an Iberian population, and its association with gender, age, tooth location (arch and hemiarch), dental group, the presence of caries, restorations, alveolar bone loss, and a history of orthodontic treatment. Methods: In total, 300 CBCTs were analyzed, selected from the database of the Dental Clinic of the University of Valencia. A total of 5485 teeth were included. The images were obtained by NewTom equipment and visualized using NNT software 11 by a single calibrated examiner in the axial, sagittal, and coronal planes. The Chi-square test, ANOVA, and t-test were used to analyze the study variables for a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of PSs was 88.3% from the total number of patients assessed and 61.2% from the total number of teeth assessed. No differences were found by gender or age. A significant association was found within tooth groups between arches and hemiarches. The proportion of PSs was 3.7 times higher in teeth with caries, 4.7 times higher in teeth with fillings, and 2.3 times higher in teeth with alveolar bone loss. Conclusions: PSs were more prevalent in molars. The presence of caries, fillings, and bone loss increased the chance of presenting PSs. Maxillary teeth had a higher prevalence of PSs than mandibular teeth.
Unlocking the Mystery of Patella Dislocation—Diagnostic Methods in Pediatric Populations: A Comprehensive Narrative Review
Authors: Tramś Ewa , Tołwiński Ignacy , Tyrakowski Marcin , Grzelecki Dariusz , Kowalczewski Jacek , Kamiński Rafał
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The diagnostic guidelines for pediatric patellofemoral instability (PFI) remain incomplete. PFI remains a challenging issue as it affects the biomechanics of the knee joint, triggers anterior knee pain, and is linked to the development of early-onset osteoarthritis. The diagnostic process is complicated by numerous anatomical factors that must be considered. This review aims to consolidate current knowledge presented in the literature on radiological diagnostics for PFI in pediatric populations, with the application of all imaging techniques—including ultrasonography (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and radiography (RTG)—which enable the evaluation of anatomical risk factors critical for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of PFI. Methods: A search of the PubMed/MEDLINE database was conducted to identify relevant studies from 1975 to 2024. The search terms were as follows: (patellar or patella) and (instability or displacement or dislocation) and (diagnostic or diagnosis or imaging or radiographic). A total of 2743 articles were retrieved, which were screened to yield 29 studies for further review. These studies were then divided into seven categories regarding the diagnostic methods: risk factors, tibial tubercle trochlear groove (TT-TG)/tibial tubercle posterior cruciate ligament (TT-PCL), MPFL injury and cartilage damage, patella and trochlear dysplasia, torsional abnormalities, coronal plane alignment, and genetics. Results: The methods presented statistically significant differences, with those most commonly used for the diagnosis of patella dislocation being TT-TG index, MPFL rapture, and trochlear dysplasia. Conclusions: In summary, multiple diagnostic tools, including MRI, CT, X-ray, and physical examination, are available for the assessment of PFI, each contributing to treatment decisions. Although MRI remains the primary diagnostic tool, further research is needed to establish more precise diagnostic criteria.
Clinical and Economic Impact of a First Major Bleeding Event in Non-Anticoagulated Patients in Spain: A 3-Year Retrospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Escobar Carlos , Palacios Beatriz , Villarreal Miriam , Gutiérrez Martín , Capel Margarita , Hernández Ignacio , García María , Lledó Laura , Arenillas Juan F.
Published: February 2025

Objective: To analyze clinical characteristics of non-anticoagulated subjects with major bleeding, and to determine the incidence of adverse events, healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and associated costs following a major bleeding event. Methods: Retrospective observational cohort study that analyzed secondary data from electronic health records in Spain. Non-anticoagulated patients with a first major bleeding during the study period (between January 2013 and December 2022) were analyzed for 3 years. Results: A total of 4089 patients (mean age 57.26 (12.87) years, 58.47% female) were included. A proportion of 27.63% presented with genitourinary bleeding, 22.43% with gastrointestinal bleeding, 5.16% with respiratory bleeding and 3.11% with intracranial hemorrhage. At the end of the first major bleeding event, 0.56% of patients died (5.51% after intracranial hemorrhage, 3.23% in case of trauma-related bleeding). The incidence rates of clinical outcomes per 100 person-years within the first 3 months of the major bleeding were death from any cause 7.51 (95% CI 6.70–8.32), cardiovascular death 1.80 (95% CI 1.39–2.21), acute myocardial infarction 4.53 (95% CI 3.89–5.17), and ischemic stroke 3.52 (95% CI 2.96–4.08), and decreased over time. At year 3, mean overall major bleeding cost per patient was EUR 13,310.00 (5153.05), of which EUR 7648.20 (2674.46) (57.46%) accounted for in-hospital costs to treat the major bleeding event. Conclusions: Among non-anticoagulated patients presenting with a first major bleeding, <1% of patients died during index hospitalization. However, these patients had a substantial risk of adverse clinical events during the follow-up, as well as high associated HCRU and costs.
Mortality and Predictive Factors for Death Following the Diagnosis of Interstitial Lung Disease in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Retrospective, Long-Term Follow-Up Study
Authors: Mori Shunsuke , Sakai Fumikazu , Hasegawa Mizue , Nakamura Kazuyoshi , Sugahara Kazuaki
Published: February 2025

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine mortality and predictive factors for death in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) diagnosed with and without interstitial lung disease (ILD). Methods: We retrospectively performed a long-term follow-up study of patients diagnosed with RA at our medical center between April 2001 and June 2023. The diagnosis and classification of ILD were made based on pulmonary high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), taken at RA diagnosis and during follow-up. Results: Among 781 patients with RA, 78 were diagnosed with ILD; all cases except one were subclinical. The most common HRCT pattern was definite usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) followed by nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP)/UIP, probable UIP, NSIP, and early UIP. During follow-up (mean of 10.0 years), the crude incidence rate of death (95% confidence interval [CI]) was 7.1 (5.2–10.0) and 1.5 (1.0–1.9) per 100 person-years in RA patients with and without ILD. Poor control of RA activity was associated with increased incidence rates of death. The standardized mortality ratio (95% CI) compared with the general population was 1.32 (1.11–1.53) for all RA patients, 2.09 (1.45–2.73) for RA-ILD patients, and 1.16 (0.95–1.38) for non-ILD RA patients. Lung cancer and respiratory failure were the most common causes of death in RA-ILD patients. The Multivariable Fine-Gray regression analysis revealed that ILD (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.97 [95% CI 1.95–4.53]), advanced age (1.08 per additional year [1.05–1.10]), and low body mass index (3.07 [2.10–4.49]) were strong predictive factors for mortality in RA patients. HRCT patterns did not affect the risk of death in RA-ILD patients. Conclusions: Regardless of HRCT pattern, RA-ILD contributes to the increased mortality risk in patients with RA.
Trends of Pediatric Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Surgery in Korea: Nationwide Population-Based Study
Authors: Hwang Jihyun , Kwon Young-Min , Lee Collin , Kim Sung Jae , Seo Young-Jin
Published: February 2025

Background/Objective: The rise in sports participation among children and adolescents has led to an increase in ACL injuries in skeletally immature individuals. This study analyzed nationwide trends in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgeries in pediatric and adolescent populations, addressing concerns about growth plate disturbances with surgery and risks of secondary injuries with nonoperative treatment. Methods: We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study using the National Health Insurance Corporation database in South Korea, analyzing ACL reconstruction trends from 2011 to 2018. Patients were categorized into four age groups (≤12 years, 13–15 years, 16–17 years, and ≥18 years). The Chi-square linear-by-linear association test was used to analyze trends in procedural volumes, age groups, and regions. Poisson regression was used to examine whether differences over time were statistically significant by modeling count data and estimating incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). It also evaluates the statistical differences by age, gender, and hospital location. Results: A total of 83,132 patients underwent ACL reconstruction during the study period. The ≤12-year-old group accounted for a stable, low percentage of surgeries (16.6% in 2011 to 23.7% in 2018) with no significant trends observed (IRR = 0.99, p = 0.683). Conversely, significant increases were noted in patients aged 13–15 years (IRR = 1.04, p < 0.001), 16–17 years (IRR = 1.03, p < 0.001), and aged ≥18 years (IRR = 1.03, p < 0.001). Male patients and urban hospital locations were associated with higher surgical rates. Conclusions: During the study period, ACL reconstruction is rare in children ≤12 years old due to concerns about growth disturbances, while adolescents 13–17 years old show increased surgical rates due to evolving practices supporting early intervention. These findings emphasize the need for individualized treatment balancing early benefits and growth plate risks.
Predictive Modelling of Weld Bead Geometry in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Šket Kristijan , Brezočnik Miran , Karner Timi , Belšak Rok , Ficko Mirko , Vuherer Tomaž , Gotlih Janez
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the predictive modelling of weld bead geometry in wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) through advanced machine learning methods. While WAAM is valued for its ability to produce large, complex metal parts with high deposition rates, precise control of the weld bead remains a critical challenge due to its influence on mechanical properties and dimensional accuracy. To address this problem, this study utilized machine learning approaches—Ridge regression, Lasso regression and Bayesian ridge regression, Random Forest and XGBoost—to predict the key weld bead characteristics, namely height, width and cross-sectional area. A Design of experiments (DOE) was used to systematically vary the welding current and travelling speed, with 3D weld bead geometries captured by laser scanning. Robust data pre-processing, including outlier detection and feature engineering, improved modelling accuracy. Among the models tested, XGBoost provided the highest prediction accuracy, emphasizing its potential for real-time control of WAAM processes. Overall, this study presents a comprehensive framework for predictive modelling and provides valuable insights for process optimization and the further development of intelligent manufacturing systems.
A Method for Enhancing the Traffic Situation Awareness of Vessel Traffic Service Operators by Identifying High Risk Ships in Complex Navigation Conditions
Authors: Zhang Lei , Ge Jiahao , Goerlandt Floris , Du Lei , Chen Tuowei , Gu Tingting , Gan Langxiong , Li Xiaobin
Published: February 2025

As ship traffic volumes increase and navigable waters become more complex, vessel traffic service operators (VTSOs) face growing challenges to effectively monitor marine traffic. To address the heavy reliance on human expertise in current ship supervision, we propose a method for quickly identifying high risk ships to enhance the situational awareness of VTSOs in complex waters. First, the K-means clustering algorithm is improved using the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) to adaptively cluster ships within a waterway, segmenting the traffic in the area into multiple ship clusters. Second, a ship cluster collision risk assessment model is developed to quantify the degree of collision risk for each ship cluster. Finally, a weighted directed complex network is constructed to identify high risk ships within each ship cluster. Experimental simulations show that the proposed WOA–K-means clustering algorithm outperforms other adaptive clustering algorithms in terms of computation speed and accuracy. The developed ship cluster collision risk assessment model can identify high risk ship clusters that require VTSO attention, and the weighted directed complex network model accurately identifies high risk ships. This approach can assist VTSOs in executing a comprehensive and targeted monitoring process encompassing macro, meso, and micro aspects, thus boosting the efficacy of ship oversight, and mitigating traffic hazards.
Comparative Study on the Diffusion of Thermal Discharge from Coastal Power Plants in Different Geographical Environments
Authors: Chen Zhijie , Wang Ziqing , Zeng Zhi , Tang Junjian
Published: February 2025

The diffusion characteristics of thermal discharge from coastal power plants were studied by analyzing the Ningde Nuclear Power Plant and Kemen Power Plant, which are located in different geographical regions in China. The former is in the open sea, and the latter is in a well-sheltered bay. In the vicinity of the outfall areas of the two power plants, large-area surface temperature observations and tidal current observations were conducted. The results indicate that the thermal discharge diffusion characteristics of coastal power plants located in different geographical environments are significantly different. In the well-sheltered sea area of the Kemen Power Plant, the water temperature diffuses faster along the coast, in line with the direction of tidal movement, and slower in the offshore direction under the influence of rectilinear tidal currents within the bay, resulting in a significantly greater longitudinal diffusion distance of thermal discharge along the shore than the transverse diffusion distance offshore. In the area surrounding the Ningde Nuclear Power Plant, rotational currents diffuse the thermal discharge in various directions, causing the range of temperature rise to expand toward the outer sea. Dominant tidal currents within the tidal cycle in the sea area can influence the distribution of high-temperature rise zones near outfalls. The distribution of high-temperature rise zones predominantly occurs on the side with the higher average tidal velocity, either the ebb tide side if its velocity is greater than that of the flood tide or the flood tide side otherwise.
Correction: Choi et al. Prognostic Value of Radiomic Analysis Using Pre- and Post-Treatment 18F-FDG-PET/CT in Patients with Laryngeal Cancer and Hypopharyngeal Cancer. J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14, 71
Authors: Choi Joon Ho , Choi Joon Young , Woo Sang-Keun , Moon Ji Eun , Lim Chae Hong , Park Soo Bin , Seo Seongho , Ahn Yong Chan , Ahn Myung-Ju , Moon Seung Hwan , Park Jung Mi
Published: February 2025

In the original publication [...]
Multimodality Imaging in the Diagnosis of Coronary Microvascular Disease: An Update
Authors: Martins Ana Margarida , Nobre Menezes Miguel , Alves da Silva Pedro , Almeida Ana G.
Published: February 2025

Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is characterized by structural and functional abnormalities in the coronary microvasculature which can lead to ischaemia and angina and is increasingly recognized as a major contributor to adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Despite its clinical importance, the diagnosis of CMD remains limited compared with traditional atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Furthermore, the historical lack of non-invasive methods for detecting and quantifying CMD has hindered progress in understanding its pathophysiology and clinical implications. This review explores advancements in non-invasive cardiac imaging that have enabled the detection and quantification of CMD. It evaluates the clinical utility, strengths and limitation of these imaging modalities in diagnosing and managing CMD. Having improved our understanding of CMD pathophysiology, cardiac imaging can provide insights into its prognosis and enhance diagnostic accuracy. Continued innovation in imaging technologies is essential for advancing knowledge about CMD, leading to improved cardiovascular outcomes and patient care.
Harnessing Green Cover Systems for Effective Slope Stabilization in Singapore
Authors: Kim Yongmin , Sim Tze En , Chua Yuan Shen , Bakytuly Nurdaulet , Satyanaga Alfrendo , Pu Jaan H.
Published: February 2025

Slope stability is crucial in civil engineering, especially in urban areas like Singapore, where heavy rainfall may result in catastrophic slope failures. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of three rectification methods, i.e., vegetation covers, GeoBarrier Systems (GBS), and Capillary Barrier Systems (CBS), in reducing rainwater infiltration for maintaining slope stability. Numerical analyses were conducted using finite element seepage and limit equilibrium slope stability software incorporating various rainfall and soil conditions to simulate real-world scenarios, focusing on the Factor of Safety (FOS) and Overdesign Factor (ODF) variations during and after rainfall events. The results from numerical analyses indicate that all three rectification methods significantly reduced negative pore pressure across slope layers under different rainfall scenarios, with CBS being slightly less efficient compared to other methods. Compared to simulations of slopes without rectification methods, the negative pore pressures of the rectified slope are improved by 50 kPa, demonstrating the effectiveness of the rectification methods in mitigating rainwater infiltration. The rectification methods showed similar trends in FOS values, with significant improvements over bare slope simulations. The FOS of the bare slope dropped by 0.7, reaching 1.0 under short, intense rainfall and 0.94 under prolonged heavy rainfall. The FOS of the slope with rectification methods remained stable, with only a 0.05 drop under different rainfall scenarios. The ODF showed similar results. Simulations with high-permeability soils revealed the same trends, confirming the rectification methods’ reliability in representing negative pore pressure and FOS accurately. These findings suggest that all three rectification methods are highly effective in maintaining slope stability under heavy rainfall, making them viable options for slope stabilization in Singapore.
Clinical Validation of a Machine Learning-Based Biomarker Signature to Predict Response to Cytotoxic Chemotherapy Alone or Combined with Targeted Therapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Study Protocol and Review
Authors: Pagano Duilio , Barresi Vincenza , Tropea Alessandro , Galvano Antonio , Bazan Viviana , Caldarella Adele , Sani Cristina , Pompeo Gianpaolo , Russo Valentina , Liotta Rosa , Scuderi Chiara , Mercorillo Simona , Barbera Floriana , Di Lorenzo Noemi , Jukna Agita , Carradori Valentina , Rizzo Monica , Gruttadauria Salvatore , Peluso Marco
Published: February 2025

Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is a severe condition with high rates of illness and death. Current treatments are limited and not always effective because the cancer responds differently to drugs in different patients. This research aims to use artificial intelligence (AI) to improve treatment by predicting which therapies will work best for individual patients. By analyzing large sets of patient data and using machine learning, we hope to create a model that can identify which patients will respond to chemotherapy, either alone or combined with other targeted treatments. The study will involve dividing patients into training and validation sets to develop and test the models, avoiding overfitting. Various machine learning algorithms, like random survival forest and neural networks, will be integrated to develop a highly accurate and stable predictive model. The model’s performance will be evaluated using statistical measures such as sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the curve (AUC). The aim is to personalize treatments, improve patient outcomes, reduce healthcare costs, and make the treatment process more efficient. If successful, this research could significantly impact the medical community by providing a new tool for better managing and treating mCRC, leading to more personalized and effective cancer care. In addition, we examine the applicability of learning methods to biomarker discovery and therapy prediction by considering recent narrative publications.
Association Between Nephrolith Size and Location and Grade of Hydronephrosis
Authors: Alshoabi Sultan Abdulwadoud , Binnuhaid Abdulkhaleq Ayedh , Almohtadi Abdullatif Mothanna , Muslem Halah Fuad , Hamid Abdullgabbar M. , Alhazmi Fahad H. , Qurashi Abdulaziz A. , Alsharif Walaa M. , Gareeballah Awadia , Alzain Amel F. , Elzaki Maisa , Elsayed Abdalrahim Tagelsir , Althobaiti Salman
Published: February 2025

This research investigated the unstudied impact, in 416 cases of stone-induced hydronephrosis detected radiographically in 369 patients, of stone size on the stone’s location in the urinary tract and on the hydronephrosis grade. Most (62.5%) of the hydronephrosis cases were Grade 2; 17.1%, Grade 3; 10.6%, Grade 4; and 9.9%, Grade 1. The mean size of the stones reported in the renal pelvis, pelviureteric junction (PUJ), upper ureter (UU), midureter (MU), lower ureter (LU), and vesicoureteral junction (VUJ) that caused hydronephrosis were 23.03 ± 8.97 mm, 15.56 ± 6.59 mm, 12.91 ± 6.02 mm, 11.05 ± 4.27 mm, 10.41 ± 4.80 mm, and 6.73 ± 3.28 mm, respectively. The mean size of Grade 1-causing stones was 16.63 mm; Grade 2, 11.49 mm; Grade 3, 15.69 mm; and Grade 4, 21.23 mm. The mean stone size significantly decreased from the renal pelvis, through the PUJ, UU, MU, and LU, and down to the VUJ and increased as the hydronephrosis grade increased from Grade 2 to Grade 4. In conclusion, large-size stones were predominantly located in the renal pelvis and PUJ, with few located in the lower ureter, and no large stones reached the VUJ. Small-size stones were mostly located in the VUJ, with only one stone in the PUJ, and no small-size stones were present in the renal pelvis. Large-size stones caused severe hydronephrosis, and small-size stones caused grade 2 hydronephrosis. Increases in stone size decreased its passage rate in the ureter and increased the chance of causing high-grade hydronephrosis. These results alert urologists to adopt faster therapeutic procedures for larger stone sizes to reduce renal damage caused by obstructive uropathy.
Flexural Strength and Surface Properties of 3D-Printed Denture Base Resins—Effect of Build Angle, Layer Thickness and Aging
Authors: Fouda Shaimaa , Ji Wenjie , Gad Mohammed M. , AlGhamdi Maram A. , Rohr Nadja
Published: February 2025

A variety of printable resins for denture bases are available, without detailed instructions on print parameters. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the printing build angle and the layer thickness of 3D-printed denture base resins before and after thermocyclic aging on flexural strength values and surface properties. The flexural strength, surface roughness (Ra, Rz) and hardness (HM, HV2) of two 3D-printed denture base resins (Formlabs (FL) and V-print dentbase, VOCO, (VC)) were therefore compared to a conventionally pressed cold-curing control material (PalaXpress (PP)). The specimens were printed at a 0°, 45° or 90° build angle and the layer thickness was varied for FL at 50 and 100 µm and evaluated before and after thermocyclic aging (N = 200; n = 10). Differences in flexural strength values were analyzed using multifactorial ANOVAs (α = 0.05). The build angle and aging significantly affected the flexural strength of the 3D-printed denture base resins (p < 0.05), while the layer thickness showed no effect for FL (p = 0.461). The required threshold value of 65 MPa defined by ISO 20795-1 was exceeded by PP (70.5 MPa ± 5.5 MPa), by FL when printed at 90° (69.3 MPa ± 7.7 MPa) and by VC at 0° (69.0 MPa ± 4.6 MPa). The choice of an appropriate build angle for each material and printing technology is crucial for the flexural strength and consequently the clinical longevity of a printed denture base.