bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOPHANES. XV. THE SYNTHESIS OF (2,2)(3,3′,4,4′)BIPHENYLOPHANES AND THEIR CONFORMATIONAL MOBILITY
Authors: LEACH D. N. , REISS J. A.
Published: April 2016

Durch bekannte Ringkontraktionsmethoden werden aus dem Dithiabiphenylophan (III) die Cyclophane (V) und (VII) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: MICROBIAL STEREODIFFERENTIATING REDUCTION OF (.+‐.)‐4‐METHYL‐ AND (.+‐.)‐6‐METHYL‐1‐OXO(2.2)METACYCLOPHANES AND REVISION OF THE ABSOLUTE CONFIGURATION OF 4‐SUBSTITUTED (2.2)METACYCLOPHANES
Authors: NAKAZAKI M. , HIROSE Y. , SHIMIZU T. , SUZUKI T. , ISHII A. , MAKIMURA M.
Published: April 2016

Durch Synthese, Derivatisierung und Untersuchung des Cotton‐Effekts der in 4‐Stellung substituierten [2,2]Metacyclophane (I) und (III) wird gezeigt, daß ein Konformationsvorschlag von Schlögl für die Verbindung (II) nicht zutrifft.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,1‐DIHALONAPHTHO(B)CYCLOPROPENES
Authors: MUELLER P. + , NGUYEN‐THI H. C.
Published: April 2016

4,5‐Dimethylen‐cyclohexen (I) reagiert mit den halogenierten Cyclopropenen (II) zu den Addukten (III), die mit 2,3‐Dichlor‐ 5,6‐dicyan‐l ,4‐benzochinon (DDQ) zu (IV) oxidiert und dann durch tert‐Butylat zu den 1,1‐Dihalogeno‐naphtho(b)cyclopropenen (V) dehydrohalogeniert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES IN POTENTIAL ANTIFERTILITY AGENTS. PART III. SYNTHESIS OF BASIC ETHERS OF 2‐BENZOYL‐ AND 2‐(1′,2′‐DIPHENYLVINYL)‐3‐PHENYLNAPHTHO(2,1‐B)FURANS
Authors: MAHESH V. K. , SHARMA R. , MAHESHWARI M.
Published: April 2016

2‐Hydroxynaphthophenon (I) wird mit den entsprechenden w‐Brom‐acetophenonen zu den Naphthofuranen (IIa), (IIb) und (IIe) kondensiert.
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROCYCLIZATION OF α‐ACETYLENE AMINO ALCOHOLS TO 4‐(AMINOETHYLIDENE)‐1,3‐DIOXOLANES
Authors: KRUGLIKOVA R. I. , SOTNICHENKO T. V. , UNKOVSKII B. V.
Published: April 2016

Reaktionen der Aminobutinole (I) mit Paraformaldehyd/KOH liefern die Aminoethylidendioxolane (II) (1H‐, 13C‐NMR‐Spektrum).
ChemInform Abstract: EXPERIMENTS WITH 3‐AROYLFLAVANONES AND 3‐AROYLFLAVONES. PART I. SYNTHESIS OF 3,4,5‐TRISUBSTITUTED ISOXAZOLINES AND ISOXAZOLES
Authors: CHINCHOLKAR M. M. , JAMODE V. S.
Published: April 2016

Kondensation der Dibenzoylmethane (I) mit aromatischen Aldehyden (II) führt zur Bildung der Flavanone (III), die mit SeO, zu den Flavonen (IV) oxidiert werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: ON THE REACTION OF PHENYLDISIC ACIDS WITH α,β‐UNSATURATED CARBONYL COMPOUNDS. REVERSIBLE NONCATALYZED MICHAEL ADDITION AND RING CLOSURE TO DERIVATIVES OF 2H,7H‐ISOXAZOLO(3,2‐B)(1,3)OXAZINE
Authors: ZVILICHOVSKY G. , DAVID M. , NEMES E.
Published: April 2016

Die reversible Addition von Mesityloxid (II) an Phenyldisinsäuren (4‐Aryl‐3,5‐dihydroxy‐isoxazole) (I), die starke Säuren darstellen, führt zu den Verbindungen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 2‐(ARYLAMINO)‐4‐(2′‐(P‐ACETAMIDOBENZENESULFONAMIDO)‐6′‐BENZOTHIAZOLYL)THIAZOLES AND 2‐(ARYLAMINO)‐4‐(2′‐SULFANILAMIDO‐6′‐BENZOTHIAZOLYL)THIAZOLES
Authors: PATIL V. H. , INGLE D. B.
Published: April 2016

Die Arylamine (I) werden nach einem speziellen Verfahren mit NH4SCN zu den Thioharnstoffen (II) kondensiert, die beim Umsetzen mit SO2Cl, zu den Benzothiazolothiazolen (III) cyclisieren.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 4‐ACYL‐2‐(ACYLAMINO)‐Δ2‐1,3,4‐THIADIAZOLINES AND 4‐ACYL‐2‐AMINO‐Δ2‐1,3,4‐THIADIAZOLINES BY ACYLATION OF THIOSEMICARBAZONES
Authors: KUBOTA S. , UEDO Y. , FUJIKANE K. , TOYOOKA K. , SHIBUYA M.
Published: April 2016

Aus den Thiosemicarbazonen (I) erhält man mit den Säurechloriden (II) die Cyclisierungsprodukte (III), die zu den Derivaten (IV) bzw. (V) verseift werden.
ChemInform Abstract: ISOCOUMARINS. PART XIX. SYNTHESES OF 8‐HYDROXY‐3‐METHYLISOCOUMARIN AND (.+‐.)‐MELLEIN FROM M‐DINITROBENZENE AND A CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF 3‐METHOXYHOMOPHTHALIC ACID
Authors: BELGAONKAR V. H. , USGAONKAR R. N.
Published: April 2016

Die Darstellung des natürlichen 8‐Hydroxy‐3‐methylisocumarins (VII) und die von rac. Mellein (Xb) erfolgt ausgehend vom Dinitrobenzol (I) über die aufgezeichneten Stufen.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,4‐DIAMINO‐5‐BENZYLPYRIMIDINES AND ANALOGS AS ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS. 3. C‐BENZYLATION OF AMINOPYRIDINES WITH PHENOLIC MANNICH BASES. SYNTHESIS OF 1‐ AND 3‐DEAZA ANALOGS OF TRIMETHOPRIM
Authors: RAUCKMAN B. S. , ROTH B.
Published: April 2016

Das Diaminopyridin (II) wird mit den phenolischen Mannich‐Basen (I) zu den Verbindungen (III)‐(Va) benzyliert.
ChemInform Abstract: POTENTIAL ANTITUBERCULOSIS COMPOUNDS. PART II. SUBSTITUTED THIOUREAS AND THEIR CYCLIC ANALOGS CONTAINING QUINOLINE NUCLEUS
Authors: KALE K. V. , KULKARNI S. N.
Published: April 2016

Die symm. Titelverbindungen (I) wurden durch Kondensation von substituierten Aminochinolinen mit CS2 in Gegenwart von KOH nach einer bekannten Methode und die unsymm. durch Reaktion von substituierten Aminochinolindihydrochloriden mit KSCN in EtOH bei Rückflußtemp.
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS WITH BRIDGEHEAD NITROGEN ATOMS. PART 7. THE SYNTHESIS OF PYRROLO(2,1,5‐CD)INDOLIZINES ((2,2,3)CYCLAZINES) AND PYRAZINO(2,1,6‐CD)PYRROLIZINES (6‐AZA(2,2,3)CYCLAZINES) FROM 3H‐PYRROLIZINE
Authors: JESSEP M. A. , LEAVER D.
Published: April 2016

3H‐Pyrrolizin (I) reagiert mit DMF/ POCl3 bei tiefer Temp. unter Bildung eines Vilsmeier‐Salzes, das als Perchlorat (II) (Ausb. in g angegeben) isoliert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES IN PHOTOCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF PHENANTHRIDONES
Authors: PAI B. R. , SUGUNA H. , GEETHA B. , SARADA K.
Published: April 2016

Die Benzanilide (I) wurden nach Literaturmethoden dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: A DIRECT METHOD FOR THE SUBSTITUTION OF IMIDAZO(1,5‐A)PYRIDINES AT POSITION 5
Authors: BLATCHER P. , MIDDELMISS D.
Published: April 2016

3‐Ethylthio‐imidazo(1,5‐a)pyridin (I) wird in 5‐Ste1lung mit Butyllithium lithiiert und anschließend mit den Elektrophilen (II) in die Derivate (III) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: USE OF (PIVALOYLOXY)METHYL AS A PROTECTING GROUP IN THE SYNTHESIS OF ANTIGENIC THEOPHYLLINE (1,3‐DIMETHYLXANTHINE) DERIVATIVES
Authors: HU M. W. , SINGH P. , ULLMAN E. F.
Published: April 2016

Das Methylxanthin (I) wird mit Pivaloyloxymethylchlorid umgesetzt, wobei die Substitutionsprodukte (II) und (IIIa) in etwa gleichen Teilen erhalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: ACTINOCYLBIS(2‐DIMETHYLAMINOETHYL)AMINE AND ITS DIHYDROCHLORIDE SALT
Authors: GLIBIN E. N. , TSUKERMAN B. V. , KORSHUNOVA Z. I. , GINZBURG O. F.
Published: April 2016

Das bei der Hydrierung des Hydrochlorids (I) entstehende o‐Aminophenol mit Ammonium‐Gruppierung im Carbamoyl‐Rest läßt sich mit p‐Benzochinon praktisch quantitativ zu (II) oxidieren.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLIZATION OF AMINE OXIDES AND NITRONES WITH ACTIVE METHYLENE GROUPS. 7. CYCLOADDITION REACTIONS OF 5H‐DIBENZ(C,E)AZEPINE N‐OXIDE WITH N‐SULFINYLARYLSULFONAMIDES
Authors: KREHER R. , MORGENSTERN H.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem N‐Oxid (I) erhält man mit den Arylsulfonylf isothiocyanaten (II) über die Addukte (III) die Folgeprodukte (IV) und (V).
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOLYSIS OF ORGANOPOLYSILANES. PHOTOCHEMICAL FORMATION AND REACTIONS OF 1‐TRIMETHYLSILYL‐1‐PHENYL‐1‐SILACYCLOPROPENE DERIVATIVES
Authors: ISHIKAWA M. , NAKAGAWA K.‐I. , KUMADA M.
Published: April 2016

Durch Photolyse von Tris‐(trimethylsilyl)‐phenylsilan (I) in Gegenwart verschiedener Alkine (II) entstehen die entsprechenden Siliciumcyclopropene (IIIa)‐(IIIf).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIVITY OF ADDUCTS OF ALKENES WITH PHOSPHORUS PENTACHLORIDE
Authors: KROLEVETS A. A. , KOLOMIETS A. F. , FOKIN A. V. , PETROVSKII P. V.
Published: April 2016

Es wird der Einfluß von Temperatur und Lösungsmittel auf die Reaktion von Alkenaddukten (I) mit PCl5 mit nucleophilen Reagentien untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: REDUCTION VS. ACETALIZATION OF SOME CARBONYL COMPOUNDS BY MEANS OF METHYLSELENOL AND LEWIS ACIDS
Authors: CRAVADOR A. , KRIEF A. , HEVESI L.
Published: April 2016

Die Aldehyde und Ketone (I) reagieren mit Methylselenol (II) zu den Acetalen (III) und/oder Selenolethern (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: ARENE COMPLEXES OF TRANSITION METALS IN REACTIONS WITH NUCLEOPHILIC REAGENTS. III. REACTION OF BIS(η‐CHLOROBENZENE)CHROMIUM HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE WITH SODIUM METHYLATE
Authors: LITVAK V. V. , KUN P. P. , SHTEINGARTS V. D.
Published: April 2016

Durch Tieftemp.‐Cokondensation von Chlorbenzol mit dampfförmigem Cr, Luftoxidation von (I) und Umsetzung des entstehenden Hydroxids mit NaPFö wird der Titelkomplex (II) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: COORDINATION COMPLEXES OF MOLYBDENUM(VI) WITH TRIDENTATE SCHIFF BASE LIGANDS: SYNTHESIS AND REDOX ACTIVITY
Authors: TOPICH J.
Published: April 2016

Die durch Kondensation von substituierten Salicylaldehyden mit o‐Arninophenol dargestellten Schiffschen Basen reagieren in DMSO in Gegenwart von NaOMe mit MoOzClz in EtOH zu den Komplexen (I), die in Lösung durch IR‐, NMR‐ und Elektronenspektren charakterisiert wurden.
ChemInform Abstract: A CONVENIENT AND RAPID SYNTHESIS OF MESOHEMIN IX DIMETHYL ESTER CHLORIDE
Authors: PHILLIPPI M. A. , GOFF H. M.
Published: April 2016

Protohämin (Ia) wird in KOH gelöst und in Gegenwart von Pt(IV)‐oxid als Katalysator hydriert.
ChemInform Abstract: MODIFICATION OF SELECTIVITY IN CYCLOADDITIONS. I. SYNTHESIS AND REACTIVITY OF F IRON TRICARBONYL COMPLEX ISOMERS
Authors: MARTELLI J. , GREE R. , CARRIE R.
Published: April 2016

Malonsäuredimethylester (II) reagiert mit dem Aldehyd (I) zum Dien (III), das zum Aldehyd (IV) verseift wird und mit Eisenpentacarbonyl (V) zum Komplex (VI) reagiert.
ChemInform Abstract: KINETIC STEREOSELECTIVITY IN TETRAAMINE CO(III) AMINOACID COMPLEXES: THE EFFECT OF METHYL GROUPS IN THE 2,9 POSITIONS OF THE TRIETHYLENETETRAAMINE LIGAND UPON ACID CATALYZED DECARBOXYLATION OF β1 AND β2 BOUND α,α‐AMINOMETHYLMALONIC ACID
Authors: JOB R.
Published: April 2016

Die Säure‐katalysierte Decarboxylierung der Komplexe (I) und (II) führt jeweils zu ungleichen Mengen der entsprechenden R‐ und S‐Alaninkomplexe.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE STUDIES OF COPPER(II) COMPLEXES WITH ACID AMIDE DERIVATIVES OF 2‐AMINO AND 2,6‐DIAMINOPYRIDINE
Authors: EL‐SHAZLY M. F. , EL‐DISSOWKY A. , SALEM T. , OSMAN M.
Published: April 2016

Die durch Umsetzung von 2‐Amino‐ oder 2,6‐Diaminopyridin mit Benzoylchlorid bzw. Acetanhydrid dargestellten Säureamid‐Derivate (Ausb.70‐90%) bilden mit den entsprechenden Cu(II)‐ Salzen 2:1‐ bzw. 1:1‐Komplexe.
ChemInform Abstract: TETRAZOLES AS LIGANDS. PART II. THE UNEXPECTED FORMATION OF TRANSITION METAL(II) SALTS OF 5‐CARBAMYLTETRAZOLE
Authors: FRANKE P. L. , GROENEVELD W. L.
Published: April 2016

Die Umsetzung entsprechender Metall(II)‐nitrate mit drei Molen 5‐Cyanotetrazol in siedendem Aceton führt zu den wasserfreien Carbamyltetrazolato‐Komplexen (I), die als Di‐ bzw. Trihydrate (letzteres vom Ni‐ Komplex) durch 1:2‐molare Reaktion mit S‐Carbamyltetrazol in Wasser erhältlich sind.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON COMPLEXES OF 4‐(5′‐PHENYL‐1′,3′,4′‐OXADIAZOLE‐2′‐YL)THIOSEMICARBAZIDE WITH SOME FIRST TRANSITION SERIES METAL IONS
Authors: SRIVASTAVA R. S.
Published: April 2016

Die 1:2‐molare Umsetzung entsprechender Metallsalze mit dem Na‐Salz des Titelliganden in siedendem Ethanol führt zu den sechsfach‐koordinierten Komplexen (I) bzw. zu dem quadratisch‐planaren Cu‐Komplex (II) (keine Ausb.‐Angaben).
ChemInform Abstract: ADENINE N(1)‐OXIDE COMPLEXES WITH COBALT(II), NICKEL(II) AND COPPER(II) PERCHLORATES
Authors: MIKULSKI C. M. , IACONIANNI F. J. , PYTLEWSKI L. L. , SPECA A. N. , KARAYANNIS N. M.
Published: April 2016

Die mehrstündige Umsetzung von Cu(II)‐, Co(II)‐ und Ni(II)‐perchlorat mit überschüssigem Adenin‐N(l)‐oxid HL in siedendem Ethanol in Gegenwart von Triethylformiat führt zu isolierbaren Produkten, denen aufgrund′ von Elementaranalysen, IR‐ und elektronenspektroskopischen sowie magnetischen Untersuchungen und Leitfähigkeitsmessungen die Strukturen (I)‐(III) zuerkannt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: CATECHOLASE ACTIVITY IN A MODEL BINUCLEAR COPPER PHTHALAZINE DERIVATIVE
Authors: LEVER A. B. P. , RAMASWAMY B. S. , PICKENS S. R.
Published: April 2016

Eine Reihe zweikerniger Cu(II)‐Komplexe von 1,4‐(Di‐2′‐pyridyl)aminophthalazin wie z.B. der früher charakterisierte Komplex (I) zeigt katalytische Aktivität bei der Oxidation von 3,5‐Di‐tert.‐butylcatechin zu 3,5‐Di‐tert.‐butylchinon.
ChemInform Abstract: (N‐ACETYL‐DL‐VALINATE)COPPER(II) COMPLEXES: EFFECT OF AMINES ON THE AMINO‐ACID CO‐ORDINATION
Authors: MARCOTRIGIANO G. , MENABUE L. , PELLACANI G. C.
Published: April 2016

Durch Reaktion von Cu(ClO4), ′ 6 H2O in wasserfreiem Ethanol mit N‐acetyl‐DL‐valin wird der Komplex (I) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: SEVEN MEMBERED CHELATE RINGS IN COPPER(II) COMPLEXES WITH SPERMIDINE
Authors: BARBUCCI R. , CAMPBELL M. J. M. , CANNAS M. , MARONGIU G.
Published: April 2016

Spermidin reagiert mit alkoholischen Lösungen von CuCl2 im Molverhältnis l : l zum festen Chlorokomplex (I).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF CARBON OXIDE SULFIDE WITH RHODIUM(I) COMPLEXES AND WITH RHODIUM CHLORIDE TRIHYRDRATE IN THE PRESENCE OF TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE, TRIPHENYLARSINE, OR TRIPHENYLSTIBINE
Authors: DATTA S. , PANDEY K. K. , AGARWALA U. C.
Published: April 2016

Reaktionen von COS mit Rh(I)‐Komplexen wie RhCl° (PPh3)3, RhCl(CO)(EPh3)2 (E: P, As), RhCl(CS)(PPh3)2 und RhC13°C 3 H2O in Gegenwart von Triphenylphosphin, ‐arsin und ‐stibin werden untersucht und diskutiert.
ChemInform Abstract: THE CHEMISTRY OF PYRROLIC COMPOUNDS. XLII. THE SYNTHESIS OF SOME DIACETYLDEUTEROPORPHYRINS AS INTERMEDIATES IN THE PREPARATION OF THE ISOMERIC PROTOPORPHYRINS: A COMPARATIVE SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF THE DIACETYLDEUTEROPORPHYRINS
Authors: CLEZY P. S. , FOOKES C. J. R.
Published: April 2016

Eine Reihe von isomeren Diacetyldeuteroporphyrinen (III)‐(V) wird durch oxidative Cyclisierung entsprechend substituierterBilene‐b, die in situ aus entsprechenden Komponenten (I) und (II) gebildet werden , synthetisiert; aus den Komponenten (Ia) und (IIa) z.B. wird so das Porphyrin (IIIa) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: BIOSYNTHESIS OF PORPHYRINS AND RELATED MACROCYCLES. PART 13. STRUCTURE OF THE E PROTOPORPHYRIN ISOMER DERIVED FROM COPROPORPHYRINOGEN IV BY THE ACTION OF BEEF‐LIVER COPROPORPHYRINOGENASE: SYNTHESIS OF PROTOPORPHYRIN XIII
Authors: BATTERSBY A. R. , HAMILTON A. D. , MCDONALD E. , MOMBELLI L. , WONG O.‐H.
Published: April 2016

Coproporphyrinogen IV (IV), das auf dem angegebenen Weg synthetisiert wird, wird durch Coproporphyrinogenase aus Rinderleber oxidativ decarboxyliert und liefert, nach Aromatisierung, ein Gemisch von verschiedenen Porphyrinen, aus dem,nach Veresterung, der Diester (Vb) von Protoporphyrin (XIII) (Va) isoliert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: TERPENOIDS. PART 8. PARTIAL SYNTHESES OF ENT‐11β‐, 12α‐, AND 12β‐HYDROXYKAUR‐16‐EN‐19‐OIC ACIDS FROM GRANDIFLORENIC ACID
Authors: LEWIS N. J. , MACMILLAN J.
Published: April 2016

Die Darstellung der ent‐l lß‐Hydroxykaurensäure (Vb) erfolgt ausgehend von Grandiflorensäure (I) sukzessiv über die Stufen (IIa), (IIb), (IIIa), (IIIb)‐, (IVa), (IVb) (aus (IVa) mit LiI/Collidin) und (Va); beschrieben werden weiterhin die Synthesen der ent‐12ß‐ (VIa) und ‐12oz‐Hydroxykaurensäure (VIb), die ebenfalls von (I) ausgehen.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF DL‐CYCLOSATIVENE BY CATIONIC OLEFINIC AND ACETYLENIC CYCLIZATIONS
Authors: BALDWIN S. W. , TOMESCH J. C.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem Norbornadien‐aldehyd (I) entsteht der Allylether (II), der in einer Wittigreaktion zum Kondensationsprodukt (III) umgesetzt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: THE PREPARATION AND DIENONE‐PHENOL REARRANGEMENT OF ANDROSTA‐2,5‐DIENE‐4,17‐DIONE
Authors: HANSON J. R. , RAINES D. , KNIGHTS S. G.
Published: April 2016

Die Titelverbindung (VI) wird aus Dehydroisoandrosteron (I) nach angegebenem Schema dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: ACTIVE MANGANESE DIOXIDE: A REAGENT FOR A BIOMIMETIC CYCLIZATION OF 16β‐HYDROXYLATED 22.26‐EPIMINOCHOLESTANES TO SPIROSOLANE ALKALOIDS
Authors: ADAM G. , HUONG H. T.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Behandlung mit aktiviertem Braunstein (MnO2 nach Attenburrow) erhält man aus dem Dihydrotomatidin A (I) das Tomatidin (II).
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECT OF NITROGEN HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS AND OF NONCONDENSED AZOLES IN PARTICULAR ON “PREBIOTIC” CONDENSATION REACTIONS OF α‐AMINO ACIDS INDUCED BY POLYPHOSPHATES IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
Authors: RABINOWITZ J. , HAMPAI A.
Published: April 2016

Im pH‐Bereich von 6.7‐7.8 erbringt ein Zusatz von Imidazol oder 1,2,4‐Triazol zum Kondensationsreaktionsgemisch aus Glycin und Trimetaphosphat eine Steigerung der Tripeptidausb.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF SUGARS WITH BRANCHED CHAINS, A METHYLENE BRIDGE, OR C‐1‐PHENYL SUBSTITUENTS BY THE RAMIREZ DIOXAPHOSPHOLE CONDENSATION
Authors: DAVID S. , LEPINE M.‐C.
Published: April 2016

Das Produkt (70%) der Kondensation des Glycerinaldehyds (II) (rohe benzolische Lösung) mit dem Dioxaphosphol (Ia) wird hydrolysiert [ ‐ "rohe Zuckerfraktion"] und nachfolgend mit angesäuertem Methanol behandelt, wobei ein Gemisch der Glycoside (III)‐(V) erhalten wird.
ChemInform Abstract: A NOVEL SYNTHESIS OF METHYL α‐L‐GAROSAMINIDE WHICH ILLUSTRATES A STEREOCONTROLLED APPROACH TO THE CIS‐HYDROXYAMINO MOIETY OF AMINO SUGARS
Authors: PAULS H. W. , FRASER‐REID B.
Published: April 2016

Die Synthese der Titelverbindung (VI) wird zweckmäßig ausgehend vom Epoxid (I) über die Stufen (II), (IVa), (IVb) (aus (IVa) mit Hz/Pd/C) und (V) durchgeführt (z.T.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF N‐TRIFLUOROACETYL‐L‐ACOSAMINE AND ‐L‐DAUNOSAMINE
Authors: FRONZA G. , FUGANTI C. , GRASSELLI P.
Published: April 2016

Über das Lacton (V), das aus dem Diol (I) oder aus (XII) zugänglich ist, werden das L‐Acosamin (VII) und das L‐Daunosamin (XI) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: C‐CYANO Δ3 PIPERIDINES. PART 2. TOTAL SYNTHESIS IN THE (.+‐.) ERVITSINE α‐ACYLINDOLE ALKALOID SERIES
Authors: HARRIS M. , GRIERSON D. S. , HUSSON H. P.
Published: April 2016

1‐Methyl‐indol‐2‐carbonsäure (I) reagiert über das gemischte Anhydrid (II) mit Malonsäuredimethylester zu (IIIa), mit Methyl‐lithio‐acetat zu (IIIb), das auch bei der Hydrolyse von (IIIa) entsteht.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF ADENYLATE TRIMERS A2′P5′A2′P5′A, A2′P5′A3′P5′A, AND A3′P5′A2′P5′A
Authors: CHARUBALA R. , PFLEIDERER W.
Published: April 2016

Ausgehend vom Adenosinderivat (II) entstehen die Substitutionsprodukte (I) bzw. (III), die nach bekannten Verfahren weiter zu den Adenylsäure‐ Trimeren (IV)‐(VI) umgesetzt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: C‐NUCLEOSIDE SYNTHESIS. 10. SYNTHESIS OF 2′‐METHYLATED PYRIMIDINE C‐NUCLEOSIDES
Authors: SATO T. , KOBAYASHI H. , NOYORI R.
Published: April 2016

Synthesis of 2′‐Methylated Pyrimidine C‐Nucleosides.
ChemInform Abstract: ASYMMETRIC TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF BREVIANAMIDE E
Authors: KAMETANI T. , KANAYA N. , IHARA M.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem L‐Prolinderivat (I) und dem Aminomalonester (II) wird das Amid (IIIa) gebildet, welches nach Debenzyloxycarbonylierung zum Pyrrolidin (IIIb) weiter zum Diketopiperazin (IV) cyclisiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐DEMETHOXY‐4‐HYDROXYDAUNORUBICIN 6‐METHYL ETHER AND 11‐METHYL ETHER, TWO ACTIVE ISOMERS OF DAUNORUBICIN
Authors: MASI P. , SUARATO A. , GIARDINO P. , IRACI G. , BERNARDI L. , ARCAMONE F.
Published: April 2016

Der Daunomycinon‐triester (I) wird mit Aluminiumchlorid partiell zum Diester (II) desacyliert bzw. demethyliert.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY OF OLIVOMYCIN A ANALOGS
Authors: KUMAR V. , REMERS W. A. , BRADNER W. T.
Published: April 2016

Ausgehend von Olivomycin A (I) werden auf den im Formelschema skizzierten Wegen einige Ana‐ loga von (I) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESE VON (+)‐RYANODOL
Authors: BLECHERT S.
Published: April 2016

Review: Beschreibung des Konzepts der bereits mitgeteilten Totalsynthese der Titelverbindung.
High‐throughput image analysis in the diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Hosken Bruno , Coutinho Endringer Denise , Prandi Campagnaro Bianca , Uggere de Andrade Tadeu , Lenz Dominik
Published: April 2016

Background

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer, and its incidence has been increasing worldwide in the past decades. The increasing demand in medicine for rapid and accurate diagnosis enabled the application of digital imaging analysis in order to increase workflow efficiency and accurate analyses. The present study aimed to automatically differentiate papillary thyroid carcinoma from normal thyroid cells using high‐throughput image analysis.

Methods

Images of cellular specimens were taken with a digital camera and were subsequently analyzed. Other software was used for machine‐learning‐based cellular diagnostics.

Results

The two different classes were correctly identified with high sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusion

The data created offers great potential for an automated diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:574–577. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pulmonary adenocarcinoma with signet ring features: Detailed cytomorphologic analysis
Authors: Vallonthaiel Archana George , Jain Deepali , Madan Karan , Arava Sudheer
Published: April 2016

Background

Signet ring cell feature in lung adenocarcinoma is no longer considered a distinct subtype, but as a cytologic change that may occur in association with multiple histological patterns. Cases with signet ring cells show a strong association with Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) gene fusions and solid pattern.

Methods

The cytomorphological findings of pulmonary adenocarcinoma with signet ring features (PASRF) was studied. Cases of pulmonary adenocarcinoma which showed presence of signet ring cells either on cytology or histology were included in the study.

Results

Out of 218 pulmonary adenocarcinomas diagnosed during the study period, 11 cases showed presence of signet ring cells (11/218). Out of the 11 cases, 7 had paired histology and cytology available, while the remaining 4 did not have a corresponding cytology sample. Majority of the cases (6/11) showed signet ring cells in more than 90% of the tumor area. All cases showed solid growth pattern. TTF‐1 was positive in all the cases. Immunopositivity for ALK was seen in seven cases. The cytology smears showed single cells and clusters of signet ring cells, with either intracytoplasmic mucin vacuole and eccentric nucleus or histiocyte‐like finely vacuolated cytoplasm with round nucleus and prominent nucleoli, the latter resembling alveolar macrophages.

Conclusion

PASRF is commonly associated with a solid histologic pattern. Cases with predominant histiocyte‐like pattern may be misdiagnosed on cytology; hence a high index of suspicion is required for an accurate diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:607–611. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prepare deaf students for the workforce
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: April 2016

James DeCaro, Ed.D., a senior research professor and dean emeritus at the Rochester Institute of Technology National Technical Institute for the Deaf, has guided deaf students to successful careers in civil engineering since 1971. He shared best practices for preparing deaf students for the workforce, as well as partnering with the community to create a workforce adequately prepared for hiring deaf employees.
Coordinate accommodations for pregnant women with campus Title IX officials
Authors: Bedrossian Louise
Published: April 2016

Recent enforcement of Title IX of The Education Amendments of 1972 and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission's 2015 guidance regarding the Pregnancy Discrimination Act have brought attention to equal access at colleges and universities for women who are pregnant or parenting.
Reinvigorate your office by finding meaning in your day‐to‐day work
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: April 2016

PHOENIX, ARIZ. — One key to addressing professional burnout is being able to find meaning in your life's work, and particularly in being able to find meaning in your day‐to‐day tasks. In a session at the recent American Association for Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers annual meeting, Julia Pomerenk, university registrar for Washington State University, shared strategies for meaningful life work. They included crafting narratives, improving the atmosphere of your office, and finding ways to stay engaged — or engage staff members — before discontent sets in. “We're about higher education. We're making lives better through degree attainment and in doing so, making lives of families and presumably communities better,” Pomerenk said, before sharing some strategies and best practices for maintaining office morale.
Kent State settles emotional support animal lawsuit
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: April 2016

Kent State University has agreed to pay $145,000 to settle a lawsuit involving alleged discrimination against disabled students by not allowing emotional support animals to live in on‐campus housing. Kent State has agreed to pay $100,000 to two former students who were not allowed to keep a therapy dog, $30,000 to an organization that advocated on the behalf of those students, and $15,000 to the U.S. government, according to the U.S. Department of Justice. In addition, Kent State will have to adopt a policy allowing students with psychological disabilities to keep and house emotional support animals in campus housing, as long as allowing the animal in campus housing would not fundamentally alter the nature of the housing.
Biotic resistance and disturbance: rodent consumers regulate post‐fire plant invasions and increase plant community diversity
Authors: St. Clair Samuel B. , O'Connor Rory , Gill Richard , McMillan Brock
Published: April 2016

Biotic resistance and disturbance are fundamental processes influencing plant invasion outcomes; however, the role of consumers in regulating the establishment and spread of plant invaders and how disturbance modifies biotic resistance by consumers is unclear. We document that fire in combination with experimental exclusion of rodent consumers shifted a native desert shrubland to a low‐diversity, invasive annual grassland dominated by Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass). In contrast, burned plots with rodents present suppressed invasion by cheatgrass and developed into a more diverse forb community. Rodents created strong biotic resistance to the establishment of aggressive plant invaders likely through seed and seedling predation, which had cascading effects on plant competition and plant community diversity. Fire mediated its positive effects on plant invaders through native plant removal and by decreasing the abundance and diversity of the rodent community. The experimental disruption of plant and consumer‐mediated biotic resistance of plant invaders using fire and rodent exclusion treatments provides strong evidence that native plants and rodents are important regulators of plant invasion dynamics and plant biodiversity in our study system. While rodents conferred strong resistance to invasion in our study system, fluctuations in rodent populations due to disturbance and climatic events may provide windows of opportunity for exotic plant species to escape biotic resistance by rodent consumers and initiate invasions.
The Flexibility of P2O7 Dimers in Soft Structures: M2CdP2O7 (M = Rb, Cs)
Authors: Dong Xiaoyu , Shi Yunjing , Zhang Mingjie , Chen Zhaohui , Jing Qun , Yang Yun , Pan Shilie , Yang Zhihua , Li Hongyi
Published: April 2016

Two new congruent‐melting alkali metal diphosphates, Rb2CdP2O7 and Cs2CdP2O7, were synthesized by conventional solid‐state reactions. Single‐crystal X‐ray structural analyses showed that M2CdP2O7 (M = Rb, Cs) feature two‐dimensional [CdP2O7]2– layers that are composed of CdO5 pyramids and P2O7 dimers. The Rb+ and Cs+ cations ions fill the interlayers. The flexible P2O7 dimers could be bent and distorted if the Cs+ ion was substituted by the Rb+ ion, which led to crystallization of the Rb2CdP2O7 compound in the lower symmetry monoclinic space group P21/c (No. 14) and crystallization of the Cs2CdP2O7 compound in the high‐symmetry orthorhombic space group Pnma (No. 53). Thermal analyses showed that the two compounds melt congruently and that the melting point of Rb2CdP2O7 compound is lower than that of the Cs2CdP2O7 compound owing to distortion of the P2O7 dimers. IR spectroscopy and UV/Vis–near‐IR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy were performed on the reported compounds.
Neural basis of visual perception and reasoning ability in Alzheimer's disease: correlation between Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices test and 123I‐IMP SPECT imaging results
Authors: Yoshida Taku , Mori Takaaki , Shimizu Hideaki , Yoshino Yuta , Sonobe Naomi , Matsumoto Teruhisa , Kikuchi Keiichi , Miyagawa Masao , Iga Junichi , Mochizuki Teruhito , Ueno Shu‐ichi
Published: April 2016

Objective

Impairment of visual perception frequently occurs in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and can cause severe constraints in daily activities. The nonverbal Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices (RCPM) test consists of sets A, AB, and B and is easily performed in a short time to evaluate both visual perception and reasoning ability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the neural basis of visual perception and reasoning ability in patients with AD using RCPM and single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).

Methods

Fifty patients who fulfilled the National Institute on Aging/Alzheimer's Association criteria for probable AD dementia were examined with RCPM and SPECT. All SPECTs were performed using N‐isopropyl‐p‐[123I]‐iodoamphetamine. A multiple regression model was used to perform multivariate analyses of the relationships between regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and RCPM scores.

Results

There was a significant positive correlation between RCPM total score and rCBF in the inferior parietal lobes bilaterally, the right inferior temporal gyrus, and the right middle frontal gyrus. Set A was positively correlated with rCBF in the right temporal and right parietal lobes. Set AB was positively correlated with rCBF in the right temporal, right parietal, and right frontal lobes. Set B was positively correlated with rCBF in the right parietal and right frontal lobes.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that deteriorations of specific brain regions are associated with dysfunction of visual perception and reasoning ability in AD. RCPM is another informative assessment scale of cognition for use in patients with AD. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A method for monitoring of oxygen saturation changes in brain tissue using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Rejmstad Peter , Johansson Johannes D. , Haj‐Hosseini Neda , Wårdell Karin
Published: April 2016

Continuous measurement of local brain oxygen saturation (SO2) can be used to monitor the status of brain trauma patients in the neurocritical care unit. Currently, micro‐oxygen‐electrodes are considered as the “gold standard” in measuring cerebral oxygen pressure (pO2), which is closely related to SO2 through the oxygen dissociation curve (ODC) of hemoglobin, but with the drawback of slow in response time. The present study suggests estimation of SO2 in brain tissue using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) for finding an analytical relation between measured spectra and the SO2 for different blood concentrations. The P3 diffusion approximation is used to generate a set of spectra simulating brain tissue for various levels of blood concentrations in order to estimate SO2. The algorithm is evaluated on optical phantoms mimicking white brain matter (blood volume of 0.5–2%) where pO2 and temperature is controlled and on clinical data collected during brain surgery. The suggested method is capable of estimating the blood fraction and oxygen saturation changes from the spectroscopic signal and the hemoglobin absorption profile.

magnified image
Myocardial infarct sizing by late gadolinium‐enhanced MRI: Comparison of manual, full‐width at half‐maximum, and n‐standard deviation methods
Authors: ZHANG Lin , HUTTIN Olivier , MARIE Pierre‐Yves , FELBLINGER Jacques , BEAUMONT Marine , CHILLOU Christian DE , GIRERD Nicolas , MANDRY Damien
Published: April 2016

Purpose

To compare three widely used methods for myocardial infarct (MI) sizing on late gadolinium‐enhanced (LGE) magnetic resonance (MR) images: manual delineation and two semiautomated techniques (full‐width at half‐maximum [FWHM] and n‐standard deviation [SD]).

Materials and Methods

3T phase‐sensitive inversion‐recovery (PSIR) LGE images of 114 patients after an acute MI (2–4 days and 6 months) were analyzed by two independent observers to determine both total and core infarct sizes (TIS/CIS). Manual delineation served as the reference for determination of optimal thresholds for semiautomated methods after thresholding at multiple values. Reproducibility and accuracy were expressed as overall bias ± 95% limits of agreement.

Results

Mean infarct sizes by manual methods were 39.0%/24.4% for the acute MI group (TIS/CIS) and 29.7%/17.3% for the chronic MI group. The optimal thresholds (ie, providing the closest mean value to the manual method) were FWHM30% and 3SD for the TIS measurement and FWHM45% and 6SD for the CIS measurement (paired t‐test; all P > 0.05). The best reproducibility was obtained using FWHM. For TIS measurement in the acute MI group, intra‐/interobserver agreements, from Bland–Altman analysis, with FWHM30%, 3SD, and manual were –0.02 ± 7.74%/–0.74 ± 5.52%, 0.31 ± 9.78%/2.96 ± 16.62% and –2.12 ± 8.86%/0.18 ± 16.12, respectively; in the chronic MI group, the corresponding values were 0.23 ± 3.5%/–2.28 ± 15.06, –0.29 ± 10.46%/3.12 ± 13.06% and 1.68 ± 6.52%/–2.88 ± 9.62%, respectively. A similar trend for reproducibility was obtained for CIS measurement. However, semiautomated methods produced inconsistent results (variabilities of 24–46%) compared to manual delineation.

Conclusion

The FWHM technique was the most reproducible method for infarct sizing both in acute and chronic MI. However, both FWHM and n‐SD methods showed limited accuracy compared to manual delineation. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:1206–1217.
Regional characteristics of long‐term changes in total and extreme precipitations over China and their links to atmospheric–oceanic features
Authors: Wang Fang , Yang Song
Published: April 2016

The regional features of long‐term changes in total and extreme precipitations over eight China domains and their seasonality and relationships with large‐scale and local atmospheric and oceanic factors are investigated. A newly compiled data set of 917 China stations from the China National Meteorological Information Center with strict quality control is analysed. Wintertime extreme precipitation has increased persistently in all China domains, together with an obvious wetting tendency except in North China. In spring, an increase in extreme precipitation is also seen except in South China, but total precipitation increases only in half of China. A ‘northern drying and southern wetting’ (NDSW) pattern is found over eastern China for both extreme and total precipitations in summer when precipitation increases significantly in Northwest China (NWCH). Different features are found in autumn when negative trends are found in most of the China domains for total precipitation (except in NWCH and the Tibetan Plateau) and half of the domains for extreme precipitation. Overall, the frequency of extreme precipitation plays a dominant role in determining the extreme precipitation trend compared to the intensity of precipitation. The long‐term changes in total precipitation and extreme ratio (extreme precipitation to total precipitation) are both strongly linked to the sea surface temperatures (SSTs) from the Indian Ocean to the Maritime Continent, the Kuroshio, the central‐eastern Pacific, and part of the Atlantic Ocean. In summer, the NDSW pattern is closely associated with the weakening of East Asian monsoon circulation and the increase in land surface temperature of 40°–60°N. Local warming trends also contribute to the trends of extreme ratio in several domains in particular seasons.
Accurate oxygen measurements on modified Argo floats using in situ air calibrations
Authors: Bushinsky Seth M. , Emerson Steven R. , Riser Stephen C. , Swift Dana D.
Published: April 2016

Oxygen is an important tracer for biological processes in the ocean. Measuring changes in oxygen over annual cycles provides information about photosynthesis and respiration and their impact on the carbon cycle. Long‐term, accurate oxygen measurements over wide areas are needed to determine changes in ocean oxygen content and oxygen deficient zones. Oxygen sensors have been increasingly mounted on Argo floats that profile between 2000 m and the surface. Most of these measurements are currently too inaccurate to calculate the air‐sea gas flux, which is the dominant flux of oxygen in the surface ocean and typically driven by surface oxygen supersaturation states of only several percent. In this study, we present data from 17 Aanderaa oxygen optodes mounted on 11 Argo floats modified to make atmospheric measurements for calibration. Optodes measure oxygen equally well in air and water, allowing the use of atmospheric oxygen to perform on‐going, in situ calibrations throughout the float lifetime. We find that it is necessary to make atmospheric measurements at night, that raising optodes higher into the air reduces variance in measurements, and that multiple measurements each time a float surfaces provide the best calibration data. Initial optode calibration on deployment has an average uncertainty of ± 0.1% (1 σ) and drift can be calculated to ± 0.1% yr−1. Measurable drift was determined in 10–12 optodes out of the 14 that were deployed for ∼ 2 yr. The maximum drift rate measured was −0.5% yr−1, which is large enough to strongly impact calculations of air‐sea oxygen fluxes.
Conservation Easement Deduction Fails Because of Delayed Recordation
Authors: Gross Virginia C.
Published: April 2016

The donation of a façade preservation easement on a historic Greenwich Village building failed to materialize into a deductible contribution because the deed was not recorded until the following year (Mecox Partners, LP v. United States (S.D.N.Y.)). The donor claimed the donation was made in December 2004, the year the deed was executed by the parties. The court found that the deed had to be recorded to be effective under state law. Because the deed was not recorded until November 2005, the court found that the donor was not entitled to claim a charitable deduction for the year it was claimed.
The Scope of Practice of Occupational Therapy in U.S. Criminal Justice Settings
Authors: Muñoz Jaime P. , Moreton Emily M. , Sitterly Audra M.
Published: April 2016

In the past 40 years, prison populations in the U.S. have nearly quadrupled while funding for rehabilitation, education and other programmes has been cut. Despite accounting for a small fraction of the world's population more than 20% of the worlds incarcerated population is in the U.S. and the rate of recidivism remains alarmingly high. Occupational therapists have the capability to play a significant role in addressing the needs of persons within the criminal justice system. However, the profession has been slow to delineate of the role occupational therapy within criminal justice settings. This study sought to provide a descriptive analysis of current occupational therapy roles and practices within the U.S. criminal justice system. Using survey research methods, the researchers collected data from respondents (N = 45; Response Rate + 51.7%) to establish a baseline of the scope of practices employed by occupational therapists working in the U.S. criminal justice system. U.S. practitioners work within institutional and community based criminal justice settings. Primary practice models, assessments and group interventions were catalogued. Respondents strongly valued the creation of networking to build the professions' presence within criminal justice settings. Occupational therapy in the criminal justice system remains an emerging practice arena. Understanding the current scope of practice in the U.S. and creating a mechanism for collaboration may help increase the depth, breadth and overall growth of the profession's role in these settings. The sampling method does not guarantee a representative sample of the population and is limited to practice within the United States. Survey design may not have allowed for respondents to fully describe their practice experiences. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amperometric Quantification of NADH Based on Graphene/Methylene Blue Nanocomposite Thin Films on Au(111)
Authors: Erçarıkcı Elif , Bayındır Oğuz , Alanyalıoğlu Murat
Published: April 2016

Graphene (Gr)/methylene blue (MB) composites were successfully prepared and amperometric detection of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) was studied on the Gr/MB composite thin films modified Au(111) electrode. Gr sheets were fabricated by using two‐step electrochemical approaches: intercalation of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) into graphite working electrode by electrooxidation and exfoliation of SDS‐intercalated graphite electrode by electrochemical reduction to obtain Gr/SDS suspension. In order to prepare Gr/MB composite structure, first SDS was removed from Gr/SDS suspension and then MB was added into Gr suspension. Gr/MB dispersion was ultrasonicated, vacuum‐filtered through a membrane, and then re‐dispersed into water. Gr/MB nanocomposite was supported on Au(111) substrates by drop‐casting of this composite dispersion. Characterization of Gr/MB composites was carried out by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), UV–Visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and cyclic voltammetry techniques. Gr‐MB/Au(111) electrode, having an excellent electrocatalytic activity, was used for amperometric determination of NADH. The oxidation current density was linearly proportional to NADH concentration in the range between 1.0 to 264 μM. The sensitivity of the sensor was calculated as 0.316 µA µM−1 cm−2 with a detection limit of 0.3 µM at a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3.0. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:E118–E127, 2017. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Water absorption and hygrothermal aging behavior of short ramie fiber‐reinforced poly(lactic acid) composites
Authors: Yu Tao , Sun Fei , Lu Minyu , Li Yan
Published: April 2016

Short ramie/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites were prepared by using extrusion and injection moulding method. The water absorption and hygrothermal aging behaviors of ramie/PLA composites at 60°C was analyzed. The water absorption and mechanical properties of the ramie/PLA composites with immersion time were reported and compared to those of neat PLA. Crystallinity and molecular weight of neat PLA and ramie/PLA composites were determined by differential scanning calorimetry and gel permeation chromatography, respectively. The results showed that the water absorption and mechanical properties was affected by the short ramie fiber. Ramie/PLA composites showed higher saturation weight gains and diffusion coefficients than that of neat PLA, which indicated that the addition of short ramie fiber induced higher water absorption caused by the hydrophilic nature of the fibers. Tensile strength and flexural strength severely decreased after aging. Moreover, it was found that PLA was severely degraded in hygrothermal environment, and ramie accelerated the degradation of PLA. The morphologies of fractured surfaces of neat PLA and ramie/PLA composites with different immersion time were observed by scanning electronic microscopy. The micro‐cracks and voids were found which was due to the degradation of PLA and debonding of ramie and PLA. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:1098–1104, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
The use of information for diabetes research and care: patient views in West London
Authors: Zalin A , Papoutsi C , Shotliff K , Majeed A , Marston C , Reed J
Published: April 2016

Data obtained during the care of people with diabetes mellitus may be used to advance research, improve quality, encourage innovation and support better self‐care. However, the perspective of people living with diabetes is less well understood. This study examines the views of people with diabetes regarding access to electronic health records (EHRs) for health care and research.

Survey data from a sub‐group of 404 individuals with diabetes were analysed from a dataset of 5331 West London participants randomly sampled in a cross‐sectional survey. These findings were explored in more detail in a focus group discussion involving people with diabetes.

Sixty‐seven percent of people with diabetes would support the inclusion of their full records on a national EHR for purposes of personal health provision. The vast majority (91%) would prefer to have access to their own full medical history rather than a truncated version. Seventy‐nine percent said they would allow their EHR to be used for research: 51% allowing their records to be shared without identifiers and 28% being supportive of access to their identifiable information. A number of themes emerged from the focus group discussion on integrated EHRs, including expectations for improved communication with health professionals, increased participation in the consultation process, responsibility for self‐care and data sharing for the greater good.

In conclusion, wider sharing of health information may address some of the challenges diabetes care entails, although striking a balance between information fragmentation and sharing remains crucial to improve health, research and quality outcomes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons.
Self–Regulation and Personality Profiles: Empirical Development, Longitudinal Stability and Predictive Ability
Authors: Isler Laina , Liu James H. , Sibley Chris G. , Fletcher Garth J. O.
Published: April 2016

We used Latent Profile and Latent Profile Transition Analysis to empirically develop and compare competing models of personality profiles (three– and four–profile models). We do so using data from the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study, a large longitudinal national probability sample of New Zealanders. Both three– and four–profile solutions demonstrated good fit and longitudinal stability. Trait configurations and predictive outcomes of the four–profile model were the most interpretable in terms of the theoretical literature, as this solution mirrored the theoretical foundation of self–regulatory ego–constructs. This supported the interpretation of a four–profile model as providing a useful distinction over and above the three–profile model. We conclude that, compared to the three–profile model, the four–profile solution provides a better foundation to serve as a complementary approach to variable–centre research. Copyright © 2016 European Association of Personality Psychology
2D‐DIGE‐based proteomic analysis of intracoronary versus peripheral arterial blood platelets from acute myocardial infarction patients: Upregulation of platelet activation biomarkers at the culprit site
Authors: Vélez Paula , Ocaranza‐Sánchez Raymundo , López‐Otero Diego , Grigorian‐Shamagian Lilian , Rosa Isaac , Bravo Susana Belén , González‐Juanatey José Ramón , García Ángel
Published: April 2016

Purpose

Platelets play a fundamental role in the atherothrombotic events that lead to an acute myocardial infarction. In the present study we compared the proteome of intracoronary and peripheral arterial platelets from ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients in the search for potential platelet biomarkers/drug targets related to what is happening at the culprit site.

Experimental design

Ten STEMI patients were recruited and blood collected from the occluded coronary artery, at the culprit site, in the moment of reperfusion. Systemic blood obtained from the radial artery of the same patients was used as control. Proteome analysis was based on high‐resolution 2D‐DIGE and mass spectrometry. Validations were by western blotting in a group of 11 patients.

Results

Sixteen differentially regulated protein features were identified, corresponding to 15 ORFs, mostly related to cytoskeletal and signaling proteins. We demonstrate the up‐regulation of integrin αIIb (ITA2B), the adapter Src kinase‐associated phosphoprotein‐2 (SKAP2), and thrombospondin‐1 isoforms in intracoronary platelets.

Conclusion and clinical relevance

This study constitutes the first analyzing in detail the proteome of arterial intracoronary platelets from STEMI patients. We show variations in the platelet proteome when comparing intracoronary and peripheral platelets. Observed differences might be related to platelet activation events at the culprit site.