bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Landscape Composition on the Biotic Community of Constructed Depressional Wetlands
Authors: Alsfeld Amy J. , Bowman Jacob L. , Deller‐Jacobs Amy
Published: March 2010

To increase wetland acreage and biodiversity, state agencies constructed more than 220 depressional wetlands throughout Delaware. We investigated effects of landscape composition within 1,000 m and 5,000 m of 20 Kent County, Delaware constructed wetlands on their avian, macroinvertebrate, and vegetative communities. Using digital orthophotography and geographic information system (GIS), we quantified agriculture, early successional, forest, development, freshwater wetlands, roads, and streams within concentric buffers. We also calculated distance to nearest forest, wetland, and paved road edge from the wetland's center. In 2004 and 2005, we surveyed the biotic communities and regressed richness and diversity values against landscape variables. Proximity of nearest forest edge was the most important variable in explaining avian and vegetative richness and diversity. We detected negative relationships with distance to nearest forest and bird richness, bird diversity, total plant richness, facultative wetland plant cover, and native, exotic, and obligate wetland plant richness and cover. Furthermore, bird richness and diversity increased with forest area within 1,000 m and bird diversity increased with forest area within 5,000 m. To optimize biodiversity, managers should consider proximity to forest for wetlands constructed in agricultural landscapes.
Measuring the Short‐term Success of Grassland Restoration: The Use of Habitat Affinity Indices in Ecological Restoration
Authors: Déri Eszter , Magura Tibor , Horváth Roland , Kisfali Máté , Ruff Gábor , Lengyel Szabolcs , Tóthmérész Béla
Published: March 2010

Agricultural intensification threatens grasslands worldwide and the restoration of grasslands from arable lands can at least partially counter this threat. We studied grassland restoration by following early successional changes of arthropod assemblages (spiders, Araneae; true bugs, Heteroptera; orthopterans, Orthoptera; and ground beetles, Carabidae) on 1‐ and 2‐year‐old restorations using arable lands and native grasslands as two ends of the succession timescale. To examine the changes in species composition among the habitat types, we used habitat affinity indices based on fidelity and/or specificity of the species. We found that the number of species did not differ between habitat types, while species composition changed markedly with time. Species richness was thus not adequate to detect favorable changes after grassland restoration. Habitat affinity indices, on the other hand, were useful to detect compositional changes caused by the increasing numbers of species characteristic of target grasslands as early as the second year after restoration. Habitat affinity indices are easy‐to‐use, easy‐to‐interpret measures of restoration success; therefore, we recommend their use as measures complementary to species richness and simple similarity. Our results show that sowing low‐diversity seed mixture followed by mowing and grazing can be particularly successful in grassland restoration in time periods as short as 2 years.
Development of Microbial Diversity and Functional Potential in Bauxite Residue Sand under Rehabilitation
Authors: Banning Natasha C. , Phillips Ian R. , Jones Davey L. , Murphy Daniel V.
Published: March 2010

Sustainable plant establishment on ore processing residues requires development of a functional soil, which includes the introduction of organic matter and reestablishment of active microbial communities. This study investigated the development of microbial diversity and function in residue sand generated from alumina refining of mined bauxite ore. The residue sand embankments underwent rehabilitation with native vegetation over time, allowing study of a 3‐year chronosequence using space‐for‐time substitution. A coastal dune ecosystem was used as a natural alkaline sand analog with which to compare residue properties. Microbial biomass carbon in the residue sands were typically well below that of the coastal sand analog (< 50 mg kg−1 in residue sand compared to circa 450 mg kg−1 in coastal sand). Although the size of the microbial biomass appeared to be limited by the low organic matter content of the residue sand, a decline in microbial metabolic quotient indicated a potential alleviation of microbial stress with rehabilitation age. Despite the low microbial biomass, the ability of the residue sand microbial community to function with respect to the metabolism of added amino acids developed rapidly. Contrary to our original hypothesis, the diversity of the bacterial and fungal community also developed rapidly, and was similar to, or higher than, the coastal sand analog in 0.5‐year‐old rehabilitation. However, the bacterial, and in particular the fungal, community structure within residue sands were significantly different to that of the coastal sand analog with shifts in community structure driven, in part, by changing physicochemical conditions.
Restoration of Threatened Arable Weed Communities in Abandoned Mountainous Crop Fields
Authors: Kohler Florian , Vandenberghe Charlotte , Imstepf Ralph , Gillet François
Published: March 2010

Arable fields maintaining species‐rich weed communities have almost disappeared from European mountain areas due to their abandonment or replacement by extensive grazing systems during the last decades. The restoration of arable weed communities have become an important issue in these habitats which have a large potential to contain rare and threatened (red‐list) species. In a site in the Swiss Alps, formerly managed for crop production, we investigated in experimental plowed plots the 1‐year effects of fertilizing, sowing a mixture of arable weed species and sowing a crop species (triticale) on the natural regeneration (species richness and cover) of arable weed and non‐weed species. The high number of newly appeared arable weed species, of which four were red‐list species, indicated that propagule availability was still important after about 50 years of arable field abandonment. Plowed plots which did not receive any treatment and those with fertilization alone favored the regeneration of both wild weed and non‐weed species. The crop species limited, but did not inhibit, the recovery success of weed and non‐weed species and this negative effect tended to be higher under fertilization. Sowing of arable weed seeds decreased the natural regeneration of both weeds and non‐weeds in the absence of triticale. Our results show that plowing is a promising method to successfully restore the weed community in abandoned arable mountain areas. Moreover, the sowing of weed species in combination with a crop species might produce sustainable food and restore and maintain the diversity of threatened arable weeds at the same time.
Nitrogen Mineralization and Leaching in the Early Stages of a Subtropical Reforestation in Southern China
Authors: Wang Faming , Zhu Weixing , Xia Hanping , Fu Shenglei , Li Zhian
Published: March 2010

Nitrogen cycling is a critical component in plantations, yet the spatial and temporal variations of N transformations in different stages of reforestation are often poorly known. Here we report the seasonal variation of soil in situ net N mineralization, net nitrification and N leaching in five young plantations (two monocultures of exotic species: Eucalyptus urophylla and Acacia crassicarpa; a native species monoculture; a 10‐species mixture and a 30‐species mixture) and a shrubland (without experimental planting) in subtropical southern China. Our results show that net N mineralization and nitrification rates in the E. urophylla monoculture (13.5 and 9.98 kg N ha−1 yr−1, respectively) were the lowest among six planting treatments, less than 1/3 of those in the 10‐species and 30‐species mixtures. Two exotic fast‐growing monocultures had 10–60% lower soil extractable nitrate concentrations than the native plantations and shrubland and had the lowest nitrogen leaching losses. The leguminous A. crassicarpa monoculture did not have higher soil N availability in comparison with non‐leguminous species. Both N mineralization and nitrification varied seasonally; soil moisture seemed to be important in controlling these temporal variations. This study highlights that in the early stages of reforestaion, a better understanding of plant species effects on soil N cycling would be beneficial to forest management decisions and could provide a critical foundation for advancing restoration practices.
Ants as Bioindicators of Natural Succession in Savanna and Riparian Vegetation Impacted by Dredging in the Jequitinhonha River Basin, Brazil
Authors: Costa Cinthia B. , Ribeiro Sérvio P. , Castro Paulo T. A.
Published: March 2010

We investigated the response of ant species to landscape and geomorphologic parameters of a long‐term (7–11 years) restoration project in the Jequitinhonha River (Northern State of Minas Gerais, Brazil) margins, previously dredged by a diamond mining company. Geomorphological changes from the dredging were severe and the area is unlikely to be adequately restored, mainly due to the negative effects of flooding. Our hypothesis is that ant species assemblages bioindicate successional stages and soil characteristics. We studied the association of effects from the river's flooding zone, the native vegetation, and sedimentary grain size with that of ant species diversity, abundance, and composition. An ant sampling program was conducted in April 2005, using three methods: baits, pitfall traps, and direct collection. Grain size was measured by sieving. In total, 10,784 ants were sampled, belonging to 7 subfamilies, 24 genera and 45 morphospecies. Ant species richness was greater in the undisturbed savanna area than in the restored habitats, and equivalently greater in the ecotone and intermediate zone habitats than on the river bank, the poorest habitat.Atta sexdens rubropilosaindicated a condition related to small forest remnants having well‐structured soil. On the other hand, ants with a body length of under 0.5 cm (Dorymyrmex pyramicusandPheidole fallax) predominated in sandy areas, where the majority of the granules were the finest. The lack of organic matter and soil structure for constructing suitable nests may prevent large ants from colonizing such areas, and thus inhibit the advance of natural succession.
Prevalence, incidence, and residual risk of major blood‐borne infections among apheresis collections to the American Red Cross Blood Services, 2004 through 2008
Authors: Zou Shimian , Musavi Fatemeh , Notari Edward P. , Stramer Susan L. , Dodd Roger Y.
Published: March 2010

BACKGROUND: The number of apheresis collections increased significantly in recent years; however, data on viral marker rates among these collections are lacking.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Apheresis collection data for 2004 to 2008 were analyzed. All collections were tested for antibodies and viral RNA for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti‐HBc), antibody to human T‐lymphotropic virus (anti‐HTLV), and other markers. HBsAg‐confirmed‐positive but anti‐HBc–nonreactive units were further verified by HBV DNA testing.

RESULTS: From 2004 to 2008, apheresis collections for double red blood cells (R2) increased by 294% to a total of 37% of all apheresis collections. Marker rates (/100,000) among all apheresis collections were 1.41, 7.83, 2.04, and 0.28, for HIV, HCV, HBsAg, and HTLV. Among R2 collections, rates (/100,000) were 6‐ to 13‐fold higher than among non‐R2 collections for HIV (3.50 vs. 0.53), HCV (21.84 vs. 1.96), and HBsAg (5.83 vs. 0.44), but not HTLV (0.53 vs. 018). First‐time male R2 donors accounted for 25% to 100% of positivity but only 1% to 5% of the total number of apheresis collections. Incidence (/100,000 person‐years) and residual risk estimates among repeat apheresis donors between 2007 and 2008 for HIV were 3.82 and 1:1.0 million, for HCV were 1.53 and 1:3.2 million, and for HBsAg were 4.85 and 1:200,000. These estimates were comparable to those among repeat whole blood donors.

CONCLUSION: The risk of major blood‐borne infections among current apheresis collections was low; however, an upward trend in the viral marker frequency among apheresis donations was attributable to the contribution of first‐time, male R2 donors.
Prevalence, incidence, and residual risk of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus infections among United States blood donors since the introduction of nucleic acid testing
Authors: Zou Shimian , Dorsey Kerri A. , Notari Edward P. , Foster Gregory A. , Krysztof David E. , Musavi Fatemeh , Dodd Roger Y. , Stramer Susan L.
Published: March 2010

BACKGROUND: Nucleic acid testing (NAT) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) was introduced for blood donation screening in the United States in 1999. This study analyzes temporal trends of these two infections since NAT introduction.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Donation data from 1999 to 2008 were analyzed; each donation was tested for antibodies and viral RNA for HIV and HCV. Incidence for first‐time (FT) donors was derived by multiplying that among repeat (RP) donors by the ratio of NAT yield rates between FT and RP donors. Incidence for all donors was the weighted mean based on percentage of FT and RP donors. Residual risk (RR) was determined using the window‐period model.

RESULTS: During the 10‐year period approximately 66 million donations were screened with 32 HIV (1:2 million) and 244 HCV (1:270,000) NAT yield donations identified. HCV prevalence among FT donors decreased by 53% for 2008 compared to 1999. HIV and HCV incidence among RP donors increased in 2007 through 2008 compared to 2005 through 2006. During 2007 through 2008, HIV incidence was 3.1 per 105 person‐years (py), with an RR estimate of 0.68 per 106 (1:1,467,000) donations; HCV incidence was 5.1 per 105 py, with an RR estimate of 0.87 per 106 (1:1,149,000). The increase in HIV incidence was primarily among 16‐ to 19‐year‐old, male African American donors and that in HCV was primarily among Caucasian donors of 50 or more years. Donors from the Southern United States had higher incidence rates.

CONCLUSION: HCV prevalence decreased significantly since NAT introduction. The increase in HIV and HCV incidence in 2007 through 2008 warrants continued monitoring and investigation.
A comparison of two robotic platforms to screen plateletpheresis donors for HLA antibodies as part of a transfusion‐related acute lung injury mitigation strategy
Authors: Vassallo Ralph R. , Hsu Susan , Einarson Mindy , Barone Jonathan , Brodsky Jaye , Moroff Gary
Published: March 2010

BACKGROUND: Efforts to minimize white blood cell alloantibodies, responsible for transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) in components with high‐volume single‐donor plasma include consideration of plateletpheresis donor screening for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies. High‐throughput screening platforms make this feasible for large blood centers. Which platform to use, donor subgroups to screen, characteristics of detected antibodies, and operational impact of deferring reactive donors are important questions.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We screened 2462 plateletpheresis donor sera for HLA antibodies on automated instruments using HLA Class I and II enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) or a mixed Class I/II Luminex flow analyzer. Screen‐reactive samples were further tested by manual Luminex single‐antigen assay to determine antibody specificity, estimated corresponding antigen frequency, and signal strength.

RESULTS: Alloexposed females had the highest reactivity rate on both platforms (21.0%), with much lower rates for nonexposed individuals or transfused males (1.4%‐5.4%). Increasing parity and more recent pregnancy increased their likelihood of screen reactivity. Deferring screen‐reactive parous females would result in at least a 4.8% plateletpheresis donor base decrement. Supplemental testing showed higher rates of nonspecific or natural antibodies in ELISA screen‐reactive alloexposed females (2.5%) than Luminex (0%). Both assays were more likely to identify antibodies directed against a larger number of HLA antigens and/or of presumed higher titer in alloexposed donors.

CONCLUSION: A strategy screening only parous female donors is reasonable. Both automated HLA antibody detection platforms are easy to use and preferentially identify alloexposed individuals with antibodies of presumed higher titer directed against more recipient HLA antigens.
Long‐Term Outcomes after Drug‐Eluting Stent Implantation: Get Your Feet Wet in the Real‐World
Authors: COOK STÉPHANE , TOGNI MARIO
Published: March 2010

(J Interven Cardiol 2010;23:176‐178)
In‐Hospital and 12‐Month Postprocedural Clinical Outcome of Coronary Bifurcational Lesion Treatment with the Endeavor Stent
Authors: FERNÁNDEZ‐GUERRERO JUAN CARLOS , HERRADOR‐FUENTES JUAN , SÁNCHEZ‐GILA JOAQUIN , GUZMÁN‐HERRERA MANUEL , LOZANO CRISTÓBAL
Published: March 2010

Background:
 The zotarolimus‐eluting stent (ZES) has been documented as significantly reducing restenosis and target lesion revascularization (TLR) requirement compared to bare metal stents (BMS).

Methods:
 In this single‐centered, prospective study we sought to evaluate the short‐ and medium‐term outcomes of ZES placement in bifurcated coronary artery lesions. Between August 2006 and December 2007, 107 consecutive patients (110 bifurcations) were recruited to have ZES placement in the lesion. The provisional T stenting (PTS) technique was used in 96.3%. Angiographic success was 100% in main vessel (MV) cases and 97.2% in that of side branch (SB).

Results:
 With a mean follow‐up of 12.4 ± 1.77 (mean ± SD) months there were four deaths, three from cardiac cause (2.85%). There were 18 patients (19 bifurcations) requiring TLR (17.59%) for clinical reasons. The only predictor of TLR was the use diameter of ZES ≤3 mm.

Conclusion:
 ZES can be used for bifurcation lesions using the PTS technique with a high rate of intraprocedural success; however, frequency of TLR is high, especially for stents with a diameter ≤3 mm. (J Interven Cardiol 2010;23:188‐194)
What a Dog Can Do: Children with Autism and Therapy Dogs in Social Interaction
Authors: Solomon Olga
Published: March 2010

Abstract
For almost 50 years specially trained dogs have been used in clinical and family settings to facilitate how children with autism engage in social interaction and participate in everyday activities. Yet little theoretical grounding and empirical study of this socioclinical phenomenon has been offered by social science. This article draws on interdisciplinary scholarship to situate the study of the therapeutic use of dogs for children and teens with autism. Two case studies of service and therapy dogs' mediating social engagement of children with autism in relationships, interactions, and activities illustrate how dogs support children's communication, their experience of emotional connection with others, and their participation in everyday life. Theorizing this process enriches approaches to sociality in psychological anthropology. [animal‐assisted therapy, autism, engagement, sociality, intersubjectivity]
Low‐Loss Microwave Dielectrics in the Spinel‐Structured (Mg1−xNix)Al2O4 Solid Solutions
Authors: Huang Cheng‐Liang , Tai Chen‐Yi , Huang Chi‐Yuen , Chien Yu‐Hua
Published: March 2010

Solid solutions of (Mg1−xNix)Al2O4 (x=0–1) have been prepared using the solid‐state reaction method and their dielectric properties were measured at microwave frequencies. Formation of single‐phase spinel‐structured solid solutions was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis throughout the entire compositional range, and the measured lattice parameters varied linearly from 8.0810 Å at x=0 (MgAl2O4) to 8.0445 Å at x=1 (NiAl2O4) leading to a linear decrease in the unit cell volume from 527.71 to 520.59 Å3. The ionic polarizability obtained, however, increased with the increase of x to a maximum at x=0.25 and decreased thereafter. It shows only a small variance in the ɛr with Ni substitution for Mg and a maximum ɛr of 8.21 was achieved for (Mg0.75Ni0.25)Al2O4 in response to the highest ionic polarizability and relative density. However, the Q×f value can be significantly promoted up to a maximum value of 130 000 GHz (measured at 15.4 GHz) at x=0.25. In addition, substitution of Mg by Ni also helps to decline the τf value from −65 ppm/°C at x=0 to −53.5 ppm/°C at x=0.25.
Los salarios bajos en cinco países europeos y en los Estados Unidos
Authors: BOSCH Gerhard
Published: March 2010

Fundándose en varias investigaciones Ilevadas a cabo en Alemania, Dinamarca, Estados Unidos, Francia, Países Bajos y Reino Unido, el autor demuestra que la proporción de empleos con salarios bajos y las condiciones laborales de los mismos vienen determinadas por las estructuras institucionales de cada país: el salario mínimo, las políticas laborales, los sistemas tributario y de seguridad social y la negociación colectiva. La relación inversa entre el nivel de remuneraciones y el de empleo no es inevitable: unas políticas activas de potenciación del trabajador y unas instituciones que fijen «limitaciones positivas» pueden impedir que la mejora de las condiciones laborales en la franja inferior de la escala salarial, aparte de reducir la desigualdad, se traduzca en un aumento del desempleo.
En la frontera entre mercado y «flexiseguridad». El trabajo en los hoteles de Dinamarca
Authors: ERIKSSON Tor , LI Jingkun
Published: March 2010

Aunque la limpieza de habitaciones es un trabajo sin cualificación, está relativamente bien pagado en Dinamarca debido a que el abanico general de salarios es bastante reducido. Los autores estudian las condiciones de trabajo en los hoteles y las medidas que toman los empresarios frente al auge de la competencia y la reestructuración. Es la hora de la reorganización de tareas, la intensificación del trabajo, la «externización» y la «flexiseguridad» al estilo danés. La ordenación flexible del trabajo, la estabilidad del empleo y las prestaciones sociales en especie contrarrestan las lagunas del seguro de desempleo y unas perspectivas de carrera escasas.
El modelo francés de la industria de la alimentación. Salarios relativos altos y trabajo intenso
Authors: CAROLI Ève , GAUTIÉ Jérôme , LAMANTHE Annie
Published: March 2010

Las industrias cárnica y pastelera de Francia proporcionan empleos poco cualificados con salarios y condiciones de trabajo mediocres. Pero la situación es más compleja y positiva de lo que cabía esperar gracias a dos elementos del «modelo fran‐cés»: el salario mínimo nacional y la ampliación de la eficacia de los salarios pactados en convenio colectivo a todos los trabajadores del sector. Con todo, las presiones para que se rebajen los costos laborales obligan a las empresas a proseguir la automatización y a ser más productivas y flexibles. Las cadenas minoristas también están tratan‐do de bajar los precios y de imponer la producción «justo a tiempo».
Ten‐year results of a three‐arm prospective cohort study on implants in periodontally compromised patients. Part 1: implant loss and radiographic bone loss
Authors: Roccuzzo Mario , De Angelis Nicola , Bonino Luca , Aglietta Marco
Published: March 2010

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the long‐term outcomes of implants placed in patients treated for periodontitis periodontally compromised patients (PCP) and in periodontally healthy patients (PHP) in relation to adhesion to supportive periodontal therapy (SPT).

Material and methods: One hundred and twelve partially edentulous patients were consecutively enrolled in private specialist practice and divided into three groups according to their initial periodontal condition: PHP, moderate PCP and severe PCP. Perio and implant treatment was carried out as needed. Solid screws (S), hollow screws (HS) and hollow cylinders (HC) were installed to support fixed prostheses, after successful completion of initial periodontal therapy (full‐mouth plaque score <25% and full‐mouth bleeding score <25%). At the end of treatment, patients were asked to follow an individualized SPT program. At 10 years, clinical measures and radiographic bone changes were recorded by two calibrated operators, blinded to the initial patient classification.

Results: Eleven patients were lost to follow‐up. During the period of observation, 18 implants were removed because of biological complications. The implant survival rate was 96.6%, 92.8% and 90% for all implants and 98%, 94.2% and 90% for S‐implants only, respectively, for PHP, moderate PCP and severe PCP. The mean bone loss was 0.75 (± 0.88) mm in PHP, 1.14 (± 1.11) mm in moderate PCP and 0.98 (± 1.22) mm in severe PCP, without any statistically significant difference. The percentage of sites, with bone loss ≥3 mm, was, respectively, 4.7% for PHP, 11.2% for moderate PCP and 15.1% for severe PCP, with a statistically significant difference between PHP and severe PCP (P<0.05). Lack of adhesion to SPT was correlated with a higher incidence of bone loss and implant loss.

Conclusion: Patients with a history of periodontitis presented a lower survival rate and a statistically significantly higher number of sites with peri‐implant bone loss. Furtheremore, PCP, who did not completely adhere to the SPT, were found to present a higher implant failure rate. This underlines the value of the SPT in enhancing the long‐term outcomes of implant therapy, particularly in subjects affected by periodontitis, in order to control reinfection and limit biological complications.

To cite this article:
 Roccuzzo M, De Angelis N, Bonino L, Aglietta M. Ten‐year results of a three arms prospective cohort study on implants in periodontally compromised patients. Part 1: implant loss and radiographic bone loss. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 490–496. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01886.x
Collagen barrier membranes decrease osteoclastogenesis in murine bone marrow cultures
Authors: Agis Hermann , Magdalenko Magdalena , Stögerer Katharina , Watzek Georg , Gruber Reinhard
Published: March 2010

Objective: Collagen barrier membranes (CBM) are used for guided bone regeneration to support the process of graft consolidation. It remains, unknown however, whether CBM can affect the consolidation of bone grafts by controlling the differentiation of progenitor cells into bone‐resorbing osteoclasts and bone‐forming osteoblasts.

Material and Methods: To gain an insight into the underlying mechanisms, we performed in vitro bone marrow cultures on CBM (Bio‐Gide®) under conditions that favor osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis, respectively. Measures of osteoclastogenesis were based on the number of tartrate‐resistant acid‐phosphatase‐positive (TRAP+) multinucleated cells. Resorption assays revealed the activity of mature osteoclasts. Osteoblastogenesis was determined by alkaline‐phosphatase activity. Viability was investigated utilizing the MTT assay.

Results: Cultivation of murine bone marrow on CBM reduced the number of TRAP+ multinucleated cells compared with cultures on tissue culture plates. Inhibition of osteoclastogenesis was observed on the porous and the dense CBM surfaces. The majority of TRAP+ cells were mononucleated and the decreased osteoclastogenesis was not due to changes in cell viability. Furthermore, CBM are inert regarding the resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts. Moreover, osteoblastogenesis was not reduced when bone marrow cells were grown on the surface of CBM.

Conclusions: These in vitro findings demonstrate that CBM can reduce the formation but not the activity of multinucleated osteoclasts. Our data further reveal that the formation of osteogenic cells from their progenitors is not reduced by the CBM. Overall, our results suggest that the beneficial effects of CBM during graft consolidation may involve their direct impact on osteoclastogenesis.

To cite this article:
 Agis H, Magdalenko M, Stögerer K, Watzek G, Gruber R. Collagen barrier membranes decrease osteoclastogenesis in murine bone marrow cultures. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 656–661. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01888.x
Periodontal health in Europe: future trends based on treatment needs and the provision of periodontal services – position paper 1
Authors: König J. , Holtfreter B. , Kocher T.
Published: March 2010

This review gives an update on recent epidemiologic data on periodontal diseases and a description of current periodontal services in Europe. A Medline search of articles published within the last decade with the keywords epidemiology, prevalence, periodontitis, tooth loss, and Europe was performed. Data on provision of dental services originated from international databases. Epidemiologic data on the prevalence of edentulism, the number of missing teeth, the prevalence of probing depth (Community Periodontal Index – CPI ≥ 3 or Pocket Depth – PD ≥ 4 mm), and clinical attachment loss (CAL ≥ 4 mm) displayed a fragmentary picture within Europe. With respect to the limited data on periodontal health, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland ranked as the healthiest among European countries in contrast to Germany where increased tooth loss and the highest prevalence of CAL ≥ 4 mm were reported. The role of dental auxiliaries especially of dental hygienists and/or the medico‐legal framework in which they work, appears to be an important factor in provision of effective periodontal care. Actual epidemiologic data on periodontal diseases are non‐homogeneous and absent from several European countries. This emphasises the need for more national representative epidemiological studies with a uniform design to permit comparability between different nations. Merging actual epidemiologic data with former data on provision of periodontal care may help to explain differences in periodontal parameters on a population basis and to define future provision of dental care.
Variation of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) body composition along sedimentary links*
Authors: Johnston P. , Bergeron N. E.
Published: March 2010

Johnston P, Bergeron NE. Variation of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) body composition along sedimentary links.  Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 187–196. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S

Abstract –  The objective of this study was to determine the proximate body composition of juvenile Atlantic salmon along the sequence of aquatic habitat types created by longitudinal changes in the riverbed substrate of two rivers (i.e., sedimentary links units). Interesting trends in the body composition were observed but our initial hypothesis, that fish of the upstream sections have higher energy content, was nevertheless not verified. No common longitudinal pattern was detected in the body composition (water, lipid, energy density) along the studied rivers. Trends in the body constituents were different between age‐classes and rivers, whereas they were highly variable within‐ and among‐samples. There was however a common trend in the pattern of variations, with the coefficient of variations increasing in the downstream direction for almost all constituents, age‐classes and rivers. Potential abiotic and biotic factors that might have contributed to these observations are discussed.
Continued root formation after replantation and root canal treatment in an avulsed immature permanent tooth: a case report
Authors: Wang Su‐Hsin , Chung Ming‐Pang , Su Wen‐Song , Cheng Jen‐Chan , Shieh Yi‐Shing
Published: March 2010

Abstract –  This case report describes the continued root formation following replantation and conventional root canal therapy of a traumatically avulsed open‐apex tooth with suppurative apical periodontitis. A 7‐year‐old male patient had an avulsed upper left central incisor (tooth 21) replanted approximately 50 min after traumatic avulsion. A root canal procedure was initiated due to pulp necrosis and periapical abscess detected in the follow‐up period. After endodontic treatment with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) dressing, a normal root length developed including an apical segment beyond the hard tissue barrier. Regeneration of the root occurred without pathology or ankylosis at 1‐year of follow up.
Restoration of a species‐rich meadow on arable land by transferring meadow blocks
Authors: Klimeš Leoš , Jongepierová Ivana , Doležal Jiří , Klimešová Jitka
Published: March 2010

Question: Does transplantation of small blocks of turfs contribute to restoration of species‐rich meadows on fallow land? What is the role of vegetative spread and seedling establishment of meadow plants in the neighbourhood of the transplanted turfs?

Location: Bílé Karpaty Mountains, SE Czech Republic.

Methods: Twenty‐five meadow blocks, 0.4 m × 0.4 m in size, were transplanted to fallow land (unfertile and dry) and species composition was monitored in the source area, in the transferred turfs and in their neighbourhood for 3 yr. Multivariate analyses were used to assess successional trends.

Results: The transferred meadow blocks served as a source of diaspores for the seed‐limited fallow land. Out of 80 transplanted species 17 species spread to adjacent plots within 3 yr. The frequency of plants expanding from the transferred turfs, either vegetatively or by seeds, was relatively low and from 2002 to 2004 a total of 22 species declined in the transferred turfs before expanding to the neighbourhood. Successional trends in species composition of the plots adjacent to the transferred blocks were strongly significant compared with the vegetation of the source area despite the short‐term data used for the evaluation. The role of the seed bank in restoration was negligible.

Conclusions: In infertile and dry environments, transplanted turfs may significantly speed up restoration, especially if natural sources of target plant seeds are not available in the neighbourhood. However, the restoration process is long‐term and not all transferred plants can be expected to establish in the fallow land.
One‐Year Outcomes of Neoss Bimodal Implants. A Prospective Clinical, Radiographic, and RFA Study
Authors: Sennerby Lars , Andersson Peter , Verrocchi Damiano , Viinamäki Rauno
Published: March 2010

Background: The Neoss implant system has been available since 2004. Few studies documenting the clinical performance of this implant are available.

Purpose: To study the stability and clinical/radiographic outcomes of Neoss implants 1 year of loading when using a two‐stage protocol.

Materials and Methods: Ninety (90) consecutive patients scheduled for implant treatment using a two‐stage procedure were enrolled in a prospective follow‐up study. A total of 218 implants (Neoss System, Bimodal surface, Neoss Ltd, Harrogate, UK) in diameters of 3.5, 4.0, and 4.5 mm and in lengths from 7 to 15 mm were placed to support 29 single tooth replacements, 53 partial bridges, 5 full bridges, and 10 overdentures in both jaws. Abutment connection was made after a healing period of 3–4 months. The patients were followed during 1 year of loading with clinical, radiographic, and resonance frequency analysis (Osstell Mentor™, Osstell AB, Gothenburg, Sweden) examinations. Prostheses were removed at the annual check‐up for individual testing of implant stability.

Results: Three implant failures were experienced, giving a survival rate of 98.6% after 1 year. A mean bone loss of 0.6 mm (SD 0.8) was observed after 1 year. There was a significant inverse correlation between implant diameter and marginal bone loss (p < .003). The mean implant stability quotient levels were 73.7 (SD 7.6), 74.4 (SD 6.4), and 76.7 (SD 5.2) at placement, abutment connection, and first annual check‐up, respectively. The stability had increased significantly from placement to 1 year (p < .001) and from abutment to 1 year (p < .0001). Implant stability was higher in the mandible than in the maxilla at all time points. There was a significant correlation between bone quality and stability at placement (p < .0001) and abutment connection (p < .001) but not after 1 year.

Conclusions: The use of Neoss implants for prosthetic rehabilitation of consecutive edentate patients with different needs resulted in predictable clinical and radiographic outcomes after 1 year of loading. Implant stability measurements revealed a favorable bone tissue reaction to the implants.
MICROFINANCE REVOLUTION: ITS EFFECTS, INNOVATIONS, AND CHALLENGES
Authors: KONO Hisaki , TAKAHASHI Kazushi
Published: March 2010

“Microfinance revolution” is the term often applied to the successful expansion of small‐scale financial services to the poor with high repayment records in developing countries. The present paper investigates the extent to which the microfinance revolution is truly revolutionary. More specifically, it explores the impact of microfinance institutions on the poor, the mechanisms underlying high repayment rates and their innovations, and the new challenges microfinance institutions are currently facing. Different from the existing published survey literature, we focus on current topics and attempt to show recent theoretical developments in a comprehensive manner using simplified models with very similar settings. We contend that microfinance is developing in a promising direction but has yet to reach its full potential.
MICROFINANCE PENETRATION AND ITS INFLUENCE ON CREDIT CHOICE IN INDONESIA: EVIDENCE FROM A HOUSEHOLD PANEL SURVEY
Authors: TSUKADA Kazunari , HIGASHIKATA Takayuki , TAKAHASHI Kazushi
Published: March 2010

This paper studies empirical determinants of how heterogeneous households are matched to different types of loan products in a credit market in Indonesia. A unique situation arose when a microfinance institution launched operations in our survey area during the survey period, and we utilized its market entry for conducting mixed logit analysis of households’ credit choices. Time‐varying choice sets help us identify parameters regarding preferences for various credit attributes. Our results show that the new availability of small‐scale loans without collateral requirement greatly increases households’ probability of obtaining credit overall. Households in self‐employed business prefer formal credit as a stable financing source but are impeded in receiving it when they locate in a rural area, probably because of large transaction costs. The poorest households, however, might not be able to exploit new credit opportunities as much as richer households, even if the scale of credit is very small.
Testing Measurement Invariance Using Item Response Theory in Longitudinal Data: An Introduction
Authors: Millsap Roger E.
Published: March 2010

Abstract— Item response theory (IRT) consists of a set of mathematical models for the probabilities of various responses to test items as a function of item and person characteristics. In longitudinal data, changes in measured variables can only be interpreted if important psychometric features of the measured variables are assumed invariant across time. Measurement invariance is invariance in the relation of a measure to the latent variable underlying it. Measurement invariance in longitudinal studies concerns invariance over time, and IRT provides a useful approach to investigating longitudinal measurement invariance. Commonly used IRT models are described, along with the representation of measurement invariance in IRT. The use of IRT for investigating invariance is then described, along with practical considerations in using IRT for this purpose. Conceptual issues, rather than technical details, are emphasized throughout.
Independence and Interdependence in Children’s Developmental Experiences
Authors: Raeff Catherine
Published: March 2010

Abstract— Understanding the complexities of culture and development has been advanced by theory and research on how cultural conceptions of independence and interdependence shape child development. This article begins with a theoretical overview that traces a move from characterizing cultures in terms of either independence or interdependence to considering how both independence and interdependence are understood and structured in varied cultures. Then, a research review points to cross‐cultural and within‐culture variability in understanding and structuring children’s independence and interdependence. Applied implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Particular Forms of Independence and Interdependence Are Adapted to Particular Kinds of Sociodemographic Environment: Commentary on “Independence and Interdependence in Children’s Developmental Experiences”
Authors: Greenfield Patricia M.
Published: March 2010

Abstract— In “Independence and Interdependence in Children’s Developmental Experiences,”C. Raeff (2010) sensitively depicts the interrelations of varying sorts of independence and interdependence within a given culture while showing the distinct ways in which these 2 overarching variables are structured across different cultures. Based on a new theory of social change and human development (P. M. Greenfield, 2009), the claim is that certain forms of interdependence and independence are well adapted to simple, small‐scale, relatively poor, subsistence‐based, isolated rural community settings in which lifelong extended family relations are central, large numbers of siblings are the norm, and education takes place informally at home, whereas other forms of interdependence and independence are well adapted to complex, large‐scale, relatively rich, commerce‐based, urbanized societies with multiple ties to the outside world, many opportunities for transitory relations with strangers, small families, and a highly developed system of formal education.
Developmental Narratives of the Experiencing Child
Authors: Nelson Katherine
Published: March 2010

Abstract— A narrative view of child development presents an experiential child who explores the social, cultural, and physical world in search of meaning in collaboration with social guides and companions. Experience is seen as conditioned from 6 directions: inheritance, embodiment, ecological situatedness, social embeddedness, cultural and symbolic conditions, and past experience. The experiential view thus shifts the focus of social‐cultural approaches from “external” influences on development to the complexity and individuality of interactive everyday experience that constitute the ongoing process of development. Among other consequences, a dramatic expansion of shared meaningful experience and expanded scope of consciousness emerges from experiences involving linguistic discourse during the preschool period, thereby significantly advancing the child’s social, emotional, and cognitive development.
A study comparing ocular pressure pulse and ocular fundus pulse in dependence of axial eye length and ocular volume
Authors: Berisha Fatmire , Findl Oliver , Lasta Michael , Kiss Barbara , Schmetterer Leopold
Published: March 2010

Acta Ophthalmol. 2010: 88: 766–772

Purpose: There is a long‐standing discussion about whether myopia is associated with decreased choroidal blood flow, as suggested by pneumotonometric measurements of pulsatile ocular blood flow (POBF). However, it has been noted previously that calculations of POBF depend on intraocular volume.

Methods: In the present study we investigated this volume dependence through the comparison of ocular pressure pulse and ocular fundus pulse. Fifty‐one healthy participants with different refractive errors participated in the study. Pulse amplitude (PA) and POBF were measured using pneumotonometry. Fundus pulsation amplitude (FPA) was measured with laser interferometry. Axial eye length (AEL) was measured with partial coherence interferometry. A mathematical model was used to calculate choroidal volume changes based on FPA. The ocular pressure pulse was converted into pulse volume (PV) according to the standard procedure used for pneumotonometry.

Results: PA and POBF were found to decrease with increasing axial length (r = −0.55, p < 0.001 andr = −0.57, p < 0.001, respectively). A similar relationship existed for PV (r = −0.57, p < 0.001) and FPA (r = −0.46, p = 0.001). In addition, there was a significant association between PV and choroidal volume change during the cardiac cycle (r = 0.61, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: The present study confirms experimentally that PA, FPA and POBF are dependent on ocular volume and indicates that the pulsatile component of ocular blood flow is not reduced in myopic patients. Accordingly, the relationship between AEL and POBF described previously appears to be a consequence of different ocular volumes. Our findings have important implications for studies using PA or POBF.
Forgotten achievements of Polish retinal research in international ophthalmology
Authors: Grzybowski Andrzej
Published: March 2010

The development of ophthalmology was greatly restricted in Poland in the 19th century, because it was partitioned and occupied by its three dominant neighbours. Polish medical universities were closed, and in Polish hospitals, only clinical work was possible. Those who wanted to study medicine and become ophthalmologists were forced to live and work in exile. Nevertheless, there were some Polish ophthalmologists at that time who had some international influence on retinal research. They contributed to colour vision physiology and pathology, ophthalmoscopy, retinal detachment and gyrate chorioretinal atrophy and congenital choroidal coloboma. The most prominent were Wiktor Szokalski, Ksawery Gałęzowski, Bolesław Wicherkiewicz, Kaziemierz Noiszewski and Michał Borysiekiewicz.
A NOTE ON TACITUS AGRICOLA 42
Authors: Courtney E.
Published: March 2010

Salarium tamen proconsulare solitum offerri… Agricolae non dedit (sc. Domitianus), sive offensus non petitum sive ex conscientia ne quod vetuerat videretur emisse.
BOUNDARIES IN NATURE: EATING WITH ANIMALS IN THE FIFTH CENTURY B.C.
Authors: OSBORNE CATHERINE
Published: March 2010

‘On the day that Adam went out of the garden he offered frankincense, galbanum and stacte and spices, as a food offering of soothing odour; and so he did every day in the morning, at sunrise from the day he covered his shame. And on that day the mouths of all the wild animals and the cattle and the birds, and of everything that walks or moves, were shut, so that they could no longer speak (for up till then they had all spoken with one another in a common tongue). And he sent out of the garden of Eden all creatures that were in it; and they were scattered to the places naturally suited to them, according to their kinds and species. And Adam alone, as distinct from all the wild animals and the cattle, did he cause to cover his shame.’ Jubilees 3.27–30
THE PUZZLE ABOUT THE PUZZLE OF FALSE BELIEF: THEAETETUS 188A-C
Authors: CHAPPELL TIMOTHY
Published: March 2010

Theaetetus 188a-c sets up this puzzle about false belief: ‘False belief cannot involve mis-identifying anything that is unknown, because the unknown does not even occur in the believer's thoughts; but it cannot involve mis-identifying anything that is known either, because the believer cannot go wrong about what he knows.’ The puzzle about this puzzle is why any serious theory of knowledge would find it puzzling. But that is precisely Plato's point. Some theories of knowledge are really puzzled by it, and for that very reason are reduced to absurdity. The discussion of false belief in 187–201 gradually clarifies which these theories of knowledge are: they are those which start from certain empiricist assumptions about the nature of thought and knowledge. The upshot is that Tht. 187–201 is really a large-scale reductio ad absurdum of certain sorts of empiricism.