bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cavoatrial hypernephroma resection on cardiopulmonary bypass: Mild/normo-versus moderate hypothermia
Authors: Möbius Andreas , Grieshaber Philippe , Turra Jan , Riesterer David , Zaradzki Marcin , Soso Petar , Hatiboglu Gencay , Hohenfellner Markus , Warnecke Gregor , Tochtermann Ursula
Published: September 2022

Introducion

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors. It extends up into the systemic veins and right atrium. Surgical extraction of such extensions is usually carried out using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with moderate hypothermic (MH) being frequently applied in order to obtain a clear surgical field. However, due to obvious disadvantages of hypothermia, approaches with mild/normothermia (NT) during CPB have also been established. The current study aims to compare the outcomes of patients undergoing RCC tumor and extensions resection using MH versus NT.

Material and Methods

This is a retrospective, non-randomized study. All patients who underwent RCC tumor and extensions resection for stage III or IV (Staehler) RCC in a single center between 2006 and 2020 were included. During surgery, MH or NT were applied. CPB was realized using aortic and bicaval cannulation. We compared the procedural times, transfusion requirements and postoperative outcomes, respectively between the MH and NT groups.

Results

A total of 24 consecutive patients (n(NT) = 12, n(MH) = 12) were included in the study (median age NT 68.5 and MH 66.5). The study only showed a significant difference in heart-lung machine times (median CPB time NT 45.5 min and MH 110.0 min, p = 0.004). All other results, loss of drainage, administration of blood products, as well as the postoperative course and mortality were comparable in both groups.

Conclusion

The results showed a high perioperative and long-term mortality. The perioperative course was similar after surgery with NT or MH. Therefore, NT which minimizes potential complications of MH should be preferred.
Shifting the Paradigm From Participant Mistrust to Researcher & Institutional Trustworthiness: A Qualitative Study of Researchers’ Perspectives on Building Trustworthiness With Black Communities
Authors: Henderson Cynterria , Scott Taylor , Schinder Bee , Hager Erricka , Friedman Felicia Savage , Miller Elizabeth , Ragavan Maya I
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Black communities are deeply underrepresented in research, due, in large part, to research mistrust. It is critical to shift the burden of trust building from communities to researchers and research institutions, which have perpetrated harm against Black communities for centuries. In this study, we examine researchers’ perspectives on how to become trustworthy to Black-identifying participants and communities.

Methods

We conducted semi-structured interviews with researchers affiliated with our institution’s Clinical and Translational Science Institute. Participants were recruited through email and responded to the study team if they wished to participate. Interviews occurred through Zoom, took 60 minutes, and were audio recorded. We used an inductive thematic data analysis approach.

Results

Sixteen researchers, who were affiliated with medicine, public health, psychology, education, and nursing, participated in this study. Participants agreed that researchers bear the responsibility for building trust and noted how critical it is to address the underrepresentation of Black participants in research through equitable recruitment and that researchers must be transparent and engage in reciprocal research practices. Community-partnered research was highlighted as a way to develop trustworthiness. Finally, participants noted that trustworthiness must also be built at the institutional level, rather than just by individual researchers.

Discussion

To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies to examine researchers’ perspectives on how to build their own trustworthiness, with a specific focus on trust-building with Black communities. Explicit training and resources are needed to build trustworthiness into academic centers.
Agreement among rapid diagnostic tests, urine malaria tests, and microscopy in malaria diagnosis of adult patients in southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Oyeniyi Jonathan Ayobami , Bello Ibrahim Sebutu , Oyegbade Olanrewaju Oloyede , Ibrahim Azeez Oyemomi , Okunromade Oyeladun Funmi , Fakoya Oladipupo Omolade
Published: September 2022

Objective

We determined the malaria prevalence and ascertained the degree of agreement among rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), urine malaria tests, and microscopy in malaria diagnosis of adults in Nigeria.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study among 384 consenting patients recruited at a tertiary health facility in southwestern Nigeria. We used standardized interviewer-administered questionnaires to collect patients’ sociodemographic information. Venous blood samples were collected and processed for malaria parasite detection using microscopy, RDTs, and urine malaria tests. The degree of agreement was determined using Cohen’s kappa statistic.

Results

The malaria prevalence was 58.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 53.0–63.1), 20.6% (95% CI: 16.6–25.0), and 54.2% (95% CI: 49.0–59.2) for microscopy, RDTs, and urine malaria test, respectively. The percent agreement between microscopy and RDTs was 50.8%; the expected agreement was 45.1% and Cohen’s kappa was 0.104. The percent agreement between microscopy and urine malaria tests was 52.1%; the expected agreement was 50.7% and Cohen’s kappa was 0.03.

Conclusion

The malaria prevalence was dependent on the method of diagnosis. This study revealed that RDTs are a promising diagnostic tool for malaria in resource-limited settings. However, urine malaria test kits require further improvement in sensitivity prior to field use in malaria-endemic settings.
Creating a New Narrative: A theory of how adopted individuals readjust their adoptive identity in parenthood
Authors: Egan Mary , O’Connor Anne B , Egan Jonathan
Published: September 2022

There is limited research into the experiences of adopted individuals in adulthood despite the fact that adoption is a lifelong process. One key element of adoption is the processing and integration of one’s adoptive identity. This becomes increasingly salient in adulthood and especially so when becoming a parent as it leads to a re-examination of the individual’s adoptive narrative. However, this phenomenon is not well researched and lacks a theoretical framework. This study employed a classic grounded theory (CGT) methodology to develop a theory that explains how adopted individuals readjust their adoptive identity when they become parents. Twelve interviews were conducted with adoptees who had become parents and analysed using CGT. From this data, the theory of Creating a New Narrative emerged to chart the process and explain how adopted individuals readjust their adoptive identity in parenthood. It involves parents revisiting their adoption narrative and being empowered to reclaim their identity, rescript their family concept and parenting values and expand their repertoire for navigating hypervigilance regarding rejection. All of these elements are influenced by the level of openness and acceptance parents have experienced in relation to their adoptive status. The model thus provides a new theoretical framework that integrates the various research findings in this area.
How do adoptive mothers make sense of their experiences of using non-violent resistance therapy with their children? An interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Samuel Rosanna , Holdaway Claire , Vella Lydia
Published: September 2022

Non-violent resistance (NVR) therapy is a parenting intervention increasingly used for violent and/or controlling behaviour by adopted children. However, little is known about adoptive parents’ experiences of using it. In this study, semi-structured interviews with 10 mothers were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Four superordinate themes were identified: (1) The importance of values: experiences of NVR are underpinned by the fit between personal values and those of NVR; (2) NVR is hard work; (3) Providing hope for change; (4) A spectrum of success. Results indicated that if the NVR approach is aligned with mothers’ values, it is experienced as an effective intervention for child–to–parent violence (CPV). In addition, while considerable effort is required to ‘do’ NVR, it becomes easier as it is unconsciously incorporated into practice. These findings add to the emerging evidence-base for NVR, complementing empirical studies that have shown it to successfully reduce CPV. These findings may also help clinicians prepare adoptive parents for the challenge of using it.
Using video feedback to support adoptive families in the UK: An exploratory pilot study
Authors: Dugmore Paul , Morris Bethan , Durling Emily , James Rachel
Published: September 2022

Once children are placed with adoptive families, their new parent(s) must learn to understand their unique communications and respond sensitively to them. This is essential for building the bond between parent and child and laying down successful foundations for lasting placements. The Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline (VIPP–SD) is a parental sensitivity-focused intervention offered to all adoptive families in the Netherlands. This small-scale study considers the experience of adoptive families offered a version of VIPP–SD adapted for adoptive families in the UK and explores the difference that this type of post-placement support can make to them. It outlines the policy framework around this area and provides a summary of existing research, showing the impact of video intervention on parental sensitivity and attunement. The experience of the intervention, as described by the participating adoptive parents, suggests that there are clear benefits in offering it to adoptive families in the UK.
Continuing in post-16 education: The views of adopted young people
Authors: McIntosh Sarah , Woods Kevin , Stother Andi
Published: September 2022

Many adopted children face challenges at school and college which adversely affect their experience and attainment. Without effective post-adoption support, they are at an increased risk of being excluded from or opting out of education. While this has been confirmed by research, there has been less discussion of the problems children face and the services they find helpful. This is especially the case for those over the age of 16 (the statutory school leaving age in the UK). To explore this, semi-structured interviews were conducted with five adopted young people aged between 16 and 19. A thematic analysis of their responses identified four factors that help them continue in post-16 education: (1) a positive self-identity; (2) supportive people; (3) supportive approaches; and (4) supportive systems. Participants identified the benefits of staff appreciating the needs of adopted children and the features that promote an ‘adoption-friendly’ ethos in schools and colleges. The implications of these observations for understanding the educational needs of adopted young people, practice development and future research are discussed. Attention is drawn to the importance of multi-agency work and the role of adopted young people in steering and co-producing effective support in educational settings.
Bumpy Rides: An Extensive Accelerometer-Based Cycling Infrastructure Survey
Authors: Jarry Vincent , Apparicio Philippe , Gelb Jérémy
Published: September 2022

Comfortable cycleways are key to the success of a cycling network. However, evaluating comfort on many cycleway links can prove challenging with regard to resource requirements. This paper evaluates cycling comfort using GPS- and accelerometer-equipped bicycles in Montréal, Laval, and Longueuil (Canada). The objective of the study was threefold. First, to present a framework for efficiently evaluating cycling comfort of many cycling infrastructure links (segments), by accounting for various sampling conditions (speed and cyclist characteristics). Second, we aimed to analyze how cycling comfort relates to cycling infrastructure type. Third, we sought to identify hot spots and cold spots of comfortable cycleway links within the study area. The results showed that the dynamic comfort index was significantly influenced by the characteristics of the cyclists themselves and by the speed at which they were traveling. Off-street bike paths were significantly less comfortable than shared lanes, bike lanes, and streets without cycling facilities. Laval had more than its share of high-comfort clusters, whereas Montréal had significantly more low-comfort clusters than its counterparts. These results should be used to improve cycleway planning and quality monitoring.
Multiple sites of thrombosis without thrombocytopenia after a second dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine
Authors: Scendoni Roberto , Petrelli Cristina , Giustozzi Mauro , Logullo Francesco O
Published: September 2022

In the current international scientific panorama, rare cases of venous thrombotic complications following mRNA vaccine administration have been reported, consisting mainly of cerebral sinus thromboses and acute venous thromboembolism. The present paper describes the case of a 75-year-old woman in good health who developed cerebral venous thrombosis, deep venous thrombosis, and bilateral pulmonary emboli after receiving a second dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. A series of laboratory tests performed during hospitalization yielded interesting results, allowing us to exclude thrombophilic risk factors and to certify the absence of thrombocytopenia in the patient. Although COVID-19 vaccination is the most important tool in stopping the pandemic, pharmacovigilance is crucial for detecting potential multisystem thrombotic events, even for mRNA vaccines.
Digital health systems—let’s talk about sex (and gender)
Authors: Courtney Karen L.
Published: September 2022

Historically, within digital health information systems, sex and gender have been conflated as a single concept and often have been limited to a binary answer. This has led to inappropriate care, erosion of client trust and avoidance of the healthcare system. Health leaders can improve care for all clients with technical and clinical information practice initiatives. While procurement processes could require digital health systems that utilize modern Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation (GSSO) terminology, for most health leaders, technical initiatives will focus on modernizing existing systems to the maximum extent possible. Terminology updates may not be immediately visible to clients, but providing the correct information to clinicians will support respectful client encounters. Simultaneously, clinical information practice initiatives can directly affect clinical encounters. Change management strategies need to include all levels of employees and redesign tools and workflows to support modernized information handling practices.
Modelling the effect of hot gas torch heating on adjacent tows during automated fibre placement consolidation of thermoplastic composites
Authors: Islam Faisal , Donough Matthew J , Oromiehie Ebrahim , Phillips Andrew W , St John Nigel A , Prusty B Gangadhara
Published: September 2022

Many numerical models of the Automated Fibre Placement (AFP) manufacturing process have been developed to assist in the design process of composite components and structures. Although the tape placement process, in general is a 3-D transient process, limited models considering the 3-D nature of the process exist. This paper describes the development of a 3-D Finite Element (FE) model incorporating the effect of non-concentrated input heat flux distribution on adjacent paths. The model can predict an accurate thermal history of a thermoplastic composite laminate for a complete AFP deposition process. Composite laminates having plies made up of both a single tow and multiple tows have been simulated to study their thermal behaviour during the manufacturing process. Simulations have been conducted both with and without considering the input heat effect on adjacent tows for comparison. Temperatures were measured by embedding two different configurations of optical fibre Bragg grating (FBGs) sensors within the laminate during the lay-up process. This served a dual purpose of validating the model as well as the experimental methodology.
The Association of Elevated Lactate With Multiple Vasopressor Administration in Patients With Septic Shock: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Gales Kee , Hunt Molly , Marler Jacob
Published: September 2022

Purpose: In patients with septic shock and elevated lactate, there is limited evidence evaluating supplementary vasopressor use beyond vasopressin (AVP) and norepinephrine (NE). The purpose of this study is to describe vasopressor utilization and clinical outcomes based on lactate level. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients with septic shock requiring NE. Patients were divided into 2 groups: baseline lactate level of ≥4 mmol/L (lactate group) or <4 mmol/L (control group). The primary outcome was supplementary utilization of AVP, phenylephrine (PE), epinephrine, and dopamine, in addition to background NE therapy between the 2 patient groups. Results: A total of 100 patients in each group were included. Mean baseline lactate was 7.6 mmol/L and 2.3 mmol/L in the study and control groups, respectively ( P < .01). Combination therapy with NE plus AVP (55% vs 26%; P < .01), NE plus PE (26% vs 3%; P < .01), and NE, AVP, plus PE (17% vs 0%; P < .01) was more common in the lactate group. On regression analysis, lactate group was a predictor of using AVP (OR 3.0; 95% CI 1.6-5.9), PE (OR 7.5; 95% CI 2.1-26.7), and AVP plus PE (OR 11.1; 95% CI 2.5-49.7). Conclusions: In this small retrospective study, multiple vasopressor use was high in patients with severely elevated lactate. The optimal vasopressor regimen in this patient population needs further investigation.
Off-grid sparse based two-dimensional direction of arrival estimation of acoustic vector sensor array in impulse noise
Authors: Liang Longkai , Shi Yiran , Shi Yaowu , Bai Zhejia , He Wenchao , Lv Xuhao
Published: September 2022

In order to estimate the direction of arrival (DOA) of acoustic vector sensor, the phased fractional low-order moment (PFLOM) is used to suppress impulse noise. First, based on PFLOM, an off-gird sparse based two-dimensional (2D) DOA estimation model for acoustic vector sensor array is proposed. Then, a three-step alternating iterative Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) algorithm is introduced to realize the off-grid 2D DOA estimation, and the self-pairing of azimuth and elevation is achieved. Finally, the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed algorithm under impulse noise and small snapshots are verified by simulation.
The interplay of the carbon market, the tradable green certificate market, and electricity market in South Korea: Dynamic transmission and spillover effects
Authors: Wu Changsong , Zhou Dequn , Zha Donglan
Published: September 2022

The carbon emission trading scheme (ETS) and tradable green certificate (TGC) system have been widely used to encourage renewable technology and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Previous studies have discussed the interaction between these market-based instruments and the electricity market from a theoretical perspective. This research contributes to the literature by empirically examining the interplay of carbon market, the TGC market, and electricity market using a vector autoregressive (VAR) model to investigate the price transmission between different markets. A VAR-BEKK-GARCH model, based on discrete wavelet decomposition, was used to reveal the spillover effect between the three markets over multiple time scales. Based on evidence from the partially deregulated electricity market in South Korea, we do not find a significant short-term interaction between carbon market and the TGC market through the price transmission. However, the analysis over multiple time scales demonstrates that the return spillover between the carbon market and the TGC market is positive and bidirectional in the medium-term and long-term. In addition, the policy integration may create higher price risks to the carbon market and the TGC market, resulting from long-term risk spillovers. We explain these contrasting findings and discuss implications for the future deployment of these policies.
Ropivacaine represses the ovarian cancer cell stemness and facilitates cell ferroptosis through inactivating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Lu Yi , Mao Jinbao , Xu Yanbing , Pan Hao , Wang Yu , Li Wei
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Ovarian cancer is a malignant tumor in women all over the world. Ropivacaine is identified as a potential drug for the treatment of malignant tumors, but the role and mechanism of ropivacaine in ovarian cancer remains unknown.

Materials and methods

Ovarian cancer cells were treated with different doses of ropivacaine. The function of ropivacaine in ovarian cancer was assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, sphere-formation assay, Western blot, Fe2+ level analysis, and immunofluorescence. Meanwhile, the mechanism of ropivacaine in ovarian cancer was investigated by multiple molecular experiments. The protective function of ropivacaine in ovarian cancer was further confirmed by in vivo assay.

Results

The functional research data indicated that the growth and stemness of ovarian cancer cells were restrained after ropivacaine treatment, while the ferroptosis in ovarian cancer cells was facilitated. The mechanism results confirmed that ropivacaine inactivated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, in vivo assay demonstrated that ropivacaine repressed the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells in vivo and had a protective function in ovarian cancer.

Conclusion

Ropivacaine restrained ovarian cancer cell stemness and accelerated cell ferroptosis by inactivating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Higher body mass index and disease duration are associated with increased risk of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in women with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Munguía-Realpozo Pamela , Mendoza-Pinto Claudia , García-Carrasco Mario , Escarcega Ricardo O , Berra-Romani Roberto , Etchegaray-Morales Ivet , Pérez-Aquino Liliana , Ramírez-Hernández Adalberto , Méndez-Martínez Socorro , Cervera Ricard
Published: September 2022

Background

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have an increased cardiovascular (CV) risk. Insulin resistance (IR), which is higher in patients with SLE, adversely impacts left ventricular (LV) remodeling and function. The aims were to determine LV dysfunction and evaluate the influence of potential risk factors on subclinical LV dysfunction in women with SLE, including IR.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included adult women with SLE without diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension or severe obesity. Diastolic dysfunction (DD) was verified according to current guidelines. Insulin resistance was estimated using the Quantose score.

Results

We included 77 women. The frequency of IR was 65%. All participants had a normal ejection fraction (EF), and 11 (15.7%) had abnormal LV global longitudinal strain (GLS). Twenty-three (32.8%) had DD. The GLS% and global circumferential strain (GCS)% did not differ in patients with and without IR (−20.8 ± 3.1 vs −20.5 ± 2.1; p = 0.61 and −27.9 ± 4.4 vs −27.4 ± 3.7; p = 0.57, respectively). The prevalence of DD was 38.1% in patients with IR versus 25% in those without ( p = 0.30). E/e’ and E/A ratios did not differ between groups (6.6 ± 1.9 vs 6.6 ± 1.5; p = 0.98 and 1.3 ± 0.3 vs 1.3 ± 0.2; p = 0.27). Higher BMI (OR: 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.5) and disease duration (OR: 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.4) were associated with DD.

Conclusions

Patients with overweight/obesity may be at higher risk of LV dysfunction. Although IR was high in our patients with SLE was not associated with systolic dysfunction or DD. Body mass index and disease duration were associated with an increased risk of DD.
Preservice Music Educators’ Perceptions of Online Synchronous Fieldwork: A Case Study
Authors: Mercado Emily M.
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this instrumental case study was to examine preservice music educators’ perceptions of teaching voice lessons to elementary and secondary students during an online synchronous fieldwork experience. I used Garrison et al.’s Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework to analyze the participants’ perceptions of cognitive presence (i.e., triggering events, exploration, integration, and resolution), social presence (i.e., emotional expression, open communication, and group cohesion), and teaching presence (i.e., structure and design of the fieldwork experience). During initial lessons, participants cited mostly triggering events and exploration, which occurred alongside indicators of social presence. Participants cited technological challenges associated with online synchronous learning (i.e., teaching presence) may have hindered instances of integration and resolution. Music teacher educators may consider using the CoI framework to structure collaborative and supportive online synchronous fieldwork experiences.
Intranasal Olopatadine-Mometasone in the Treatment of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Lim Lauren , Lipari Melissa , Kale-Pradhan Pramodini
Published: September 2022

Objective:

To review the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of intranasal olopatadine hydrochloride-mometasone furoate (OM) combination in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR).

Data sources:

The PubMed database and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched using the following terms: mometasone + olopatadine, GSP301, mometasone furoate, and olopatadine hydrochloride.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

Articles published in English between January 1987 and August 2022 related to pharmacology, safety, and clinical trials were assessed.

Data Synthesis:

In 2 phase II clinical trials, twice-daily (BID) and once-daily (QDay) intranasal OM demonstrated significant improvements in reflective total nasal symptom score (rTNSS) (BID P < 0.001 and QDay P < 0.001) and instantaneous total nasal symptom score (iTNSS) (BID P < 0.001 and P < 0.0001; QDay P < 0.001 and P < 0.0001). In 2 phase III clinical trials, BID OM showed significant improvements in rTNSS vs. placebo ( P < 0.001), olopatadine monotherapy ( P = 0.03 and P = 0.003), and mometasone monotherapy ( P = 0.02 and P = 0.059).

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice:

OM is indicated for treatment of SAR symptoms. Caution with use must be considered for certain high-risk patients, existing tuberculosis; fungal, bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections; or ocular herpes simplex. Due to its quick and sustained onset of action, OM may be an ideal agent for initial treatment of moderate-severe SAR for patients 12 years and older.

Conclusion:

OM significantly improves SAR symptoms and is a viable treatment option in short-term SAR.
Intergenerational Solidarity With Grandparents in Emerging Adulthood: Associations With Providing Support to Older Parents in Established Adulthood
Authors: Hwang Woosang , Fu Xiaoyu , Brown Maria T. , Silverstein Merril
Published: September 2022

We examined the link between types of intergenerational solidarity with grandparents among young adults in emerging adulthood and whether they provided instrumental and emotional support to their older parents in established adulthood. We used the 2000 and 2016 waves of the longitudinal study of generations and a sample of 229 grandmother–child and 175 grandfather–child dyads. Latent class analysis identified three classes describing intergenerational solidarity with grandparents ( tight-knit, detached, and intimate-but-geographically distant) in grandmother–child and grandfather–child dyads in emerging adulthood. Path analyses showed that young adults who had a tight-knit relationship with their grandparents in emerging adulthood provided more instrumental and emotional support to their parents in established adulthood, compared with those who had a detached relationship with their grandparents in emerging adulthood. Results are interpreted in contexts of multigenerational interdependence within families and the sensitivity of young adults to the needs of older parents through their earlier connection to grandparents.
Ideology, Party, and Opinions of Taxes on the Rich and Middle Class in the United States: Evidence from the 2016 General Social Survey
Authors: Yen Steven T. , Zampelli Ernest M.
Published: September 2022

This paper examines attitudes toward taxes on the rich and middle class in the United States with emphasis on the impacts of political ideology and party identification. Using the 2016 General Social Survey, we estimate bivariate ordered probit models for a full cross-sectional sample, and subsamples stratified by party. Results suggest that proposals to reduce income and wealth inequalities and/or fund large federal expenditure increases by raising taxes on the rich will have difficulty in gaining the political traction necessary for success. Any proposal to raise taxes on both the rich and middle class has almost no chance of passage. Findings also indicate that party affiliation moderates ideological impacts on opinions of taxes on the rich and middle class, in some cases substantially.
Business Regulations and Between-City Migration
Authors: Plemmons Alicia , Ghosh Sriparna
Published: September 2022

Local governments compete for new residents by creating institutional frameworks that are attractive to such residents. As 13 percent of the US moves each year, policies that affect the ease of doing business may attract thousands of entrepreneurial and working households. We use city-level aggregated migration data from the American Community Survey and Internal Revenue Service to analyze changes in net migration between cities that differ in the ease of starting a business, employing workers, getting electricity, registering property, and paying taxes. Expansions in the flexibility of regulatory processes that affect workers multiple times, such as ease of employing workers or filing taxes, have large effects in encouraging in-migration. In contrast, improvements in policies that only affect new workers or business owners temporarily, such as ease of installing utilities or registering property, do not have a noticeable effect on migration patterns.
Educating Students About Influencing Audiences Ethically in a Data-Driven Social Media World
Authors: Jones Valerie K. , Johnson Kate , Molskness Hannah , Gandhi Ronit , Zhou Lilly
Published: September 2022

This paper describes an advertising ethics course designed for first-year students of any major, written from the perspectives of both the course creator/instructor and the students who took the course and developed a workshop based around it. As educators, how do we help students learn and care about how their data is collected and used and further understand the ethical issues of these practices? Our goal is to raise awareness for data rights issues by helping students from a variety of educational disciplines make informed decisions using experiential learning opportunities that display the importance of data in society.
Evaluation of the optic nerve head and macular vessel density in keratoconus patients using optical coherence tomography angiography- a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zırtıloğlu Sibel , Alikma Mustafa Suat , Akarsu Acar Ozge Pinar , Furuncuoglu Utku , Guven Fatih
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Our study evaluated macular and optic disc vascular density (VD) changes in patients diagnosed with keratoconus, as compared with gender and age-matched healthy controls, in relation to the keratoconus stage.

Methods

This comparative cross-sectional study included adult patients who received a diagnosis of keratoconus at the Cornea Clinic. All scans consisted of two 4.5 mm × 4.5 mm images of the optic disc area and 6 × 6 mm images of the macular area using optical coherence tomography angiography.

Results

The study included 67 patients (26 women (38.8%) and 41 men (61.2%)) and 74 controls (31 women (41.9%) and 43 men (58.1%)). The mean ages of the keratoconus group and the control group were 30.0 ± 8.0 and 31.1 ± 7.5, respectively. Macular VD (whole, superficial, and deep) and peripapillary VD (whole) values were decreased statistically significant compared with the control group ( p < 0.01 and p = 0.015, respectively). The keratoconus stage was negatively correlated with both the macular VD ( p = 0.048, r = −0.314) and whole-peripapillary VD values ( p = 0.03, r = −0.34).

Conclusion

Keratoconus might affect the posterior and anterior segments due to similar etiologies, including diminished collagen quality. Therefore, examination of the posterior segment should be performed thoroughly in keratoconus patients.
Post-traumatic stress disorder in youth exposed to the Syrian conflict: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and determinants
Authors: Kanan Gabriel , Leão Teresa
Published: September 2022

A decade of ongoing armed conflict in Syria has damaged the physical and mental health of millions of adults and children. This study aimed to systematically review the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder among youth exposed to the Syrian conflict, and understand its individual and contextual determinants. The screening procedure resulted in 26 studies, with a total of 11,400 Syrian children and adolescents. The prevalence was 36% (95% CI (0.29–0.43), p < 0.001). Loss of family members or acquaintances, witnessing violence, and social withdrawal increased the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder, while social trust and social support were protective factors.
Romantic partner undermining of weight loss: Links between overweight individuals’ weight management efforts and perceptions of their partner’s undermining motivations and behaviors
Authors: Dailey René M , Lloyd Rachel , Burdick Suzanne , Zhang Zhengyu , Kurlak Rebecca
Published: September 2022

This study investigated romantic partners’ undermining of weight management (i.e. hindrance of weight loss efforts) and how perceived motivations behind undermining were associated with weight loss progress. Data from 241 overweight individuals currently cohabiting with a romantic partner and trying to lose weight revealed two overarching undermining factors (i.e. verbal criticism/complaint, behavioral interference) and six perceived motivations (e.g. partner believed weight loss was unnecessary, partner relational fears, weight loss was an imposition on partner). Path modeling showed both undermining behaviors were negatively associated with weight management. Yet, only certain motivations (e.g. imposition on partner, weight loss was unnecessary) were linked to weight management, either directly or indirectly, through undermining. Specifically, whereas criticism/complaint mediated the associations between these motivations and weight management, interference only mediated the association between imposition and weight management. Findings are discussed in terms of the theoretical and practical value of distinguishing undermining behaviors and their underlying motivations.
Seizing Control of Neuronal Activity: Chemogenetic Applications in Epilepsy
Authors: Forcelli Patrick A.
Published: September 2022

The fundamental commonality across pharmacotherapies for the epilepsies is the modulation of neuronal excitability. This poses a clear challenge—patterned neuronal excitation is essential to normal function, thus disrupting this activity leads to side effects. Moreover, the efficacy of current pharmacotherapy remains incomplete despite decades of drug development. Approaches that allow for the selective targeting of critical populations of cells and particular pathways in the brain have the potential to both avoid side effects and improve efficacy. Chemogenetic methods, which combine the selective expression of designer receptors with designer drugs, have rapidly grown in use in the neurosciences, including in epilepsy. This review will briefly highlight the history of chemogenetics, their applications to date in epilepsy, and the potential (and potential hurdles to overcome) for future translation.
More Than Reels: Cajal-Retzius Cells Become Active
Authors: Sanchez-Bellot Candela , Menendez de la Prida Liset
Published: September 2022

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Should We Be Going With Our Patient’s Gut (Bacteria)? The Intestinal Microbiota and Epilepsy Treatments
Authors: Eyal Sara
Published: September 2022

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Exploring Shared Musical Experiences in Dementia Care: A Worked Example of a Qualitative Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis
Authors: McMahon Kate , Clark Imogen N. , Stensæth Karette , Odell-Miller Helen , Wosch Thomas , Bukowska Anna , Baker Felicity A.
Published: September 2022

Qualitative systematic reviews, or qualitative evidence syntheses (QES), are increasingly used in health settings to guide the development of practice and policy. Thematic synthesis is one of the most well-developed approaches used for QES, however there are limited worked examples describing how to apply the steps of analysis in the literature. This paper describes the processes and decisions undertaken in a qualitative systematic review and thematic synthesis from the perspective of a novice researcher. The described review aimed to explore the shared musical experiences of people living with dementia and their family care partners across a range of settings. We found that shared musical activities fostered experiences of connection and wellbeing for people living with dementia and their family care partners. This was demonstrated with moderate-high confidence through six themes, and our findings informed the development of the Contextual Connection Model of Health Musicking. In presenting a worked example of our review, this paper introduces a systematic approach to coding and discusses the complexities of developing and reporting on analytical themes. We identify the need for a specific thematic synthesis reporting tool, and the need to embed reflexive practices into QES tools more broadly.
Effect of fracture-induced stress on casing integrity during fracturing in horizontal wells
Authors: Yin Hu , Zhao Xiuwen , Li Qian , Gao Jiajia , Tang Zhiqiang , Dai Liming
Published: September 2022

As a necessary technical method for shale gas development, hydraulic fracturing technology may cause casing failure while realizing actual reservoir reformation. The fracture-induced inhomogeneous stress generated while the hydraulic fracture is one of the main reasons for the non-uniform compression and failure of the casing. The fracture-induced stress field is mainly related to the fracture net pressure and is unrelated to the initial in-situ stress. The non-uniform load difference near the fracture is more significant, and the mechanical environment of the casing deteriorates. In this study, we combined the fracture-induced stress calculation model and the casing-cement-formation system stress distribution model to analyze the mechanical properties of the system during hydrofracturing. We used the model to calculate the casing stress distribution under fracture-induced stress and analyzed various influencing factors that affect the maximum equivalent stress (MES) on the casing. The studies show that the closer to the fracture, the greater the induced stress and MES in the casing, and the risk of casing collapse increases. The wall thickness of the casing has an influence on the MES. The larger the wall thickness, the smaller the MES. The MES of the casing reaches the maximum value when the elastic modulus of the cement stone is close to that of the stratum. Softer formation increases the potential that the fracture-induced stress transfers to the casing. The potential is responsible for the greater stress of the casing. By increasing hydraulic fracturing stages, reducing hydraulic fracturing wellhead pressure, increasing casing wall thickness and reducing the elastic modulus of cement stone can reduce the casing stress and alleviate casing damage.
Book Review: Triple Value Leadership: Creating Sustainable Value for your Business, your Customers and Society
Authors: Titus Opeyemi F , Ariyo Bisola F
Published: September 2022

Triple Value Leadership boldly begins with the assertion that ‘‘with the growing planetary crisis, attacks on democracy and the ongoing health challenge, businesses can no longer give priority to commercial interest and financial gains at the expense of societal and environmental interests’’ (p. 1). This 9-chapter book is a resounding plea to corporate and societal leaders to adopt a fresh, more elevated viewpoint that balances the interests of business with those of society and the environment. By posing insightful questions like: How can business leaders think that they can be successful when the societies and ecosystems that they depend on are on the verge of collapse? How can the supertanker of business transform itself such that businesses begin to provide value for meeting societal and environmental needs rather than just extracting profit? this book seeks to provide a richer and more profound insight into the reflections of the challenges faced by business leaders. This book serves as a practical guide on how leaders can integrate sustainability into the core of their business strategy. The author recognises the lip service of leaders to corporate social responsibility and lays tremendous obligation on the part of leaders to shift their usual business from ‘‘social irresponsibility’’ to ‘‘social responsibility’’ (p. 2). This social irresponsibility is exemplified by businesses that continue to pollute the environment and deplete important resources, harming both our social and natural environments.
A Fe3O4 nanospheres/carbon core–shell structure for effective removal of pollutants from water
Authors: Tao Huaqiang , Wang Yuxiang , Lv Beifeng , Tao Feifei , Wang Wei
Published: September 2022

The treatment of wastewater by adsorption is a good alternative technique and attracts extensive attention worldwide due to its versatility, scalability, and low operational costs. In this work, a Fe3O4 nanospheres/carbon core–shell structure is fabricated by combination of a template method and calcination. The morphology and crystal structure of the synthesized composite are characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, and from nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, confirming that the carbon layer with a porous structure is successfully loaded onto the surface of the face-centered cubic Fe3O4 nanospheres to form a core–shell structure. The adsorption performance of the Fe3O4 nanospheres/carbon core–shell structure is investigated by studying the effects of the initial pH value of the solution, the contact time, the initial concentration of the pollutants, the adsorption temperature, and the amount of adsorbent. The Fe3O4 nanospheres/carbon core–shell structure effectively removes heavy metal Chromium(VI) and a reactive light yellow dye. The results of batch experiments show that the removal efficiencies of heavy metal Chromium(VI) and the reactive light yellow dye are close to 100% under optimized conditions. The good adsorption performance of the Fe3O4 nanospheres/carbon core–shell structure toward various types of pollutants suggests a potential application in wastewater treatment.
The Epistemological Dimension of Emotional Feeling and Other Affective Phenomena
Authors: Schmidt Philipp
Published: September 2022

Müller's position-taking view of emotions takes issue with the widely endorsed philosophical notion that emotional feelings are a form of consciousness in which we become acquainted with the evaluative properties of objects and events. Müller rejects this perceptual theory of emotions and casts doubt on the idea that it is through emotional feeling that we develop an awareness of value. In so doing, his proposal amounts to a denial of any epistemic function of emotional feeling. Challenging such a radical move, in my commentary, I discuss several affective phenomena in which feelings do seem to serve an epistemic function. These cases pose problems for Müller's version of the position-taking view of emotion, at least in its current form.
Radiogenomics influence on the future of prostate cancer risk stratification
Authors: Banerjee Vinayak , Wang Shu , Drescher Max , Russell Ryan , Siddiqui M. Minhaj
Published: September 2022

In an era of powerful computing tools, radiogenomics provides a personalized, precise approach to the detection and diagnosis in patients with prostate cancer (PCa). Radiomics data are obtained through artificial intelligence (AI) and neural networks that analyze imaging, usually MRI, to assess statistical, geometrical, and textural features of images to provide quantitative data of shape, heterogeneity, and intensity of tumors. Genomics involves assessing the genomic markers that are present from tumor biopsies. In this article, we separately investigate the current landscape of radiomics and genomics within the realm of PCa and discuss the integration and validity of both into radiogenomics using the data from three papers on the topic. We also conducted a clinical trials search using the NIH’s database, where we found two relevant actively recruiting studies. Although there is more research needed to be done on radiogenomics to fully adopt it as a viable diagnosis tool, its potential by providing personalized data regarding each tumor cannot be overlooked as it may be the future of PCa risk-stratification techniques.
Plasma-first: accelerating lung cancer diagnosis and molecular profiling through liquid biopsy
Authors: Garcia-Pardo Miguel , Czarnecka Kasia , Law Jennifer H. , Salvarrey Alexandra , Fernandes Roxanne , Fan Jason , Corke Lucy , Waddell Thomas K. , Yasufuku Kazuhiro , Donahoe Laura L. , Pierre Andrew , Le Lisa W. , Ghumman Noor , Liu Geoffrey , Shepherd Frances A. , Bradbury Penelope , Sacher Adrian , Stockley Tracy , Pal Prodipto , Rogalla Patrik , Tsao Ming Sound , Leighl Natasha B.
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

Molecular profiling of tumor tissue is the gold standard for treatment decision-making in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Results may be delayed or unavailable due to insufficient tissue, prolonged wait times for biopsy, pathology assessment and testing. We piloted the use of plasma testing in the initial diagnostic workup for patients with suspected advanced lung cancer.

Methods:

Patients with ⩽15 pack-year smoking history and suspected advanced lung cancer referred to the lung cancer rapid diagnostic program underwent plasma circulating-tumor DNA testing using a DNA-based mutation panel. Tissue testing was performed per standard of care, including comprehensive next-generation sequencing (NGS). The primary endpoint was time from diagnostic program referral to cancer treatment in stage IV NSCLC patients (Cohort A) compared to a contemporary cohort not enrolled in the study (Cohort B) and an historical pre-COVID cohort referred to the program between 2018 and 2019 (Cohort C).

Results:

From January to June 2021, 20 patients were enrolled in Cohort A; median age was 70.5 years (range 33–87), 70% were female, 55% Caucasian, 85% never smokers, and 75% were diagnosed with NSCLC. Seven had actionable alterations detected in plasma or tissue (4/7 concordant). Fusions, not tested in plasma, were identified by immunohistochemistry for three patients. Mean result turnaround time was 17.8 days for plasma NGS and 23.6 days for tissue ( p = 0.10). Mean time from referral to treatment initiation was significantly shorter in cohort A at 32.6 days (SD 13.1) versus 62.2 days (SD 31.2) in cohort B and 61.5 days (SD 29.1) in cohort C, both p < 0.0001.

Conclusion:

Liquid biopsy in the initial diagnostic workup of patients with suspected advanced NSCLC can lead to faster molecular results and shorten time to treatment even with smaller DNA panels. An expansion study using comprehensive NGS plasma testing with faster turnaround time is ongoing (NCT04862924).