bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Untersuchung dreidimensionaler struktureller Veränderungen in LiFePO4-Batterien mittels Röntgen-Tomografie
Authors: Happach Magnus , Osenberg Markus , Hilger André , Kardjilov Nikolay , Wieder Frank , Manke Ingo , Kallfaß Christoph , Hoch Christian
Published: September 2015

Kurzfassung

Die Sicherheit und Beständigkeit von Lithium-Ionen-Batterie-Systemen ist insbesondere für den Einsatz in der Fahrzeugindustrie von hoher Bedeutung. Deshalb werden die Auswirkungen von Kurzschlüssen und Überladungen mittels röntgen-tomografischer Methoden untersucht. Beide Vorgänge führen zu strukturellen Schädigungen im Inneren der Batterien, die äußerlich zerstörungsfrei identifiziert werden. Als Anwendungsbeispiel wurden kommerzielle LiFePO4-Batterien gewählt, die in verschiedenen Applikationen weitläufig zum Einsatz kommen.
Application of asymmetry in plate rolling on the finishing stand of a rolling mill 3600
Authors: Szyiński Paweł , Kawałek Anna , Dyja Henryk , Laber Konrad
Published: September 2015

This publication presents results of numerical simulation of the asymmetric rolling process for band shape ratio h0/D = 0.124. The study was conducted to determine the differences in the impact factor of asymmetry in the band bending after leaving the deformation zone and the power parameters of rolling process. Introduction of single asymmetry by varying the peripheral speed of the work rolls does not have an effect on reduction of force parameters values. Based on the survey, it was found that introduction of a second asymmetry by varying the diameter of the work rolls allows to lower rolling force and rolling power, it also allows to obtain a flat band after rolling process.
Experimental investigations of the combustion efficiency for fire load calculations
Authors: Kusche Christian , Knaust Christian , Hahn Sarah-Katharina , Krause Ulrich
Published: September 2015

The amount of heat, which is released by fire loads during the combustion process, depends on the material characteristics, the ventilation conditions, the storage density and the distribution. To evaluate the structural stability of buildings in case of fire, the fire load has to be quantified. In Germany, the fire load is quantified by using the combustion factor m, while internationally the combustion efficiency χ is applied. Both factors assess the burning behavior of materials, but the determination is carried out in different ways. Since the testing facility was abolished fifteen years ago, it is not possible to determine the combustion factor m anymore. So, it should be found out, if the combustion efficiency χ is a convenient method to quantify the fire load under the consideration of the German standards. As a part of the research, combustion efficiencies χ were determined for eight materials in the cone calorimeter and the single burning item test at different heat fluxes. The values of the combustion efficiencies χ as well as the corresponding combustion factors m were discussed and compared to the values of the literature. The results show an influence of the testing facility on the combustion efficiency. The values of the combustion efficiency determined in the single burning item test were higher than the values from the cone calorimeter.
Effect of heat treatment and deformation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of SP-700 titanium alloy
Authors: Nieh Jo-Kuang , Lee Sheng-Long , Pan Kuen-Sung
Published: September 2015

This study investigates the effects of cold working prior to aging on the microstructure and mechanical properties of SP-700 titanium alloy. The results indicate that the microstructure of the quenched alloy comprises blocky primary α, retained β, and acicular α” martensite distributed in the β matrix. The retained β is transformed to denser and finer brittle acicular martensite α” by stress-induced martensitic transformation and the quantity of retained β decreases with higher degrees of cold working. The quenched alloy exhibits not only low yield strength, but the stress-induced martensite leads to a distinct increase in strength with good ductility. Plastic deformation prior to the aging treatment produces a great increase in the yield strength due to refinement of the precipitate microstructure, leading to the ratio of strength increment and ductility being very low.
Microstructural alterations in trigeminal neuralgia determined by diffusion tensor imaging are independent of symptom duration, severity, and type of neurovascular conflict
Authors: Lutz Juergen , Thon Niklas , Stahl Robert , Lummel Nina , Tonn Joerg-Christian , Linn Jennifer , Mehrkens Jan-Hinnerk
Published: September 2015

OBJECT

In this prospective study diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to evaluate the influence of clinical and anatomical parameters on structural alterations within the fifth cranial nerve in patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) due to neurovascular compression.

METHODS

Overall, 81 patients (40 men and 41 women; mean age 60 ± 5 years) with typical TN were included who underwent microsurgical decompression. Preoperative 3.0-T high-resolution MRI and DTI were analyzed in a blinded fashion. The respective fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient values were compared with the clinical, imaging, and intraoperative data. This study was approved by the institutional review board, and written informed consent was obtained from all patients.

RESULTS

DTI analyses revealed significantly lower FA values within the vulnerable zone of the affected trigeminal nerve compared with the contralateral side (p = 0.05). The DTI analyses also included 3 patients without clear evidence of neurovascular conflict on preoperative MRI. No differences were seen between arterial and venous compression. Lower FA values were found 5 months after symptom onset; however, no correlation was found with the duration of symptoms or severity of compression.

CONCLUSIONS

DTI analysis allows the quantification of structural alterations, even in those patients without any discernible neurovascular contact on MRI. Moreover, our findings support the hypothesis that both the arteries and veins can cause structural alterations that lead to TN. These aspects can be useful for making treatment decisions.
Ventricle wall dissection and vascular preservation with the pulsed water jet device: novel tissue dissector for flexible neuroendoscopic surgery
Authors: Kawaguchi Tomohiro , Nakagawa Atsuhiro , Endo Toshiki , Fujimura Miki , Sonoda Yukihiko , Tominaga Teiji
Published: September 2015

OBJECT

Neuroendoscopic surgery allows minimally invasive surgery, but lacks effective methods to control bleeding. Water jet dissection with continuous flow has been used in liver and kidney surgery since the 1980s, and is effective for tissue manipulation with vascular preservation, but involves some potential risks, such as elevation of intracranial pressure during application in the ventricles. The authors previously reported the efficacy of the actuator-driven pulsed water jet device (ADPJ) to dissect soft tissue with vascular preservation in microscopic neurosurgery. This feasibility study investigated the use of the ADPJ to reduce the amount of water usage, leading to more safety with sustained efficacy.

METHODS

A small-diameter pulsed water jet device was developed for use with the flexible neuroendoscope. To identify the optimal conditions for the water jet, the flow rate, water pressure, and distance between the nozzle and target were analyzed in an in vitro study by using a gelatin brain phantom. A ventricle model was used to monitor the internal pressure and temperature. For ex vivo experiments the porcine brain was harvested and ventricle walls were exposed, and subsequently immersed into physiological saline. For in vivo experiments the cortex was microsurgically resected to make the small cortico-ventricle window, and then the endoscope was introduced to dissect ventricle walls.

RESULTS

In the in vitro experiments, water pressure was approximately 6.5 bar at 0.5 mm from the ADPJ nozzle and was maintained at 1 mm, but dropped rapidly toward 50% at 2 mm, and became 10% at 3.5 mm. The ADPJ required less water to achieve the same dissection depth compared with the continuous-flow water jet. With the ventricle model, the internal pressure and temperature were well controlled at the baseline, with open water drainage. These results indicated that the ADPJ can be safely applied within the ventricles. The ADPJ was introduced into a flexible endoscope and the ventricle walls were dissected in both the ex vivo and in vivo conditions. The ventricle wall was dissected without obscuring the view, and the vascular structures were anatomically preserved under direct application. Histological examination revealed that both the vessels on the ventricle wall and the fine vessels in the parenchyma were preserved.

CONCLUSIONS

The ADPJ can safely and effectively dissect the ventricle wall, with vascular preservation in immersed conditions. To achieve the optimal result of tissue dissection with minimal surgical risk, the ADPJ is a potential device for neuroendoscopic surgery of the ventricles.
Diagnosis and treatment of cavernous hemangioma of the internal auditory canal
Authors: Zhu Wei Dong , Huang Qi , Li Xi Ye , Chen Hong Sai , Wang Zhao Yan , Wu Hao
Published: September 2015

OBJECT

Cavernous hemangioma of the internal auditory canal (IAC) is an extremely rare type of tumor, and only 50 cases have been reported in the literature prior to this study. The aim in this study was to describe the symptomatology, radiological features, and surgical outcomes for patients with cavernous hemangioma of the IAC and to discuss the diagnostic criteria and treatment strategy for the disease.

METHODS

The study included 6 patients with cavernous hemangioma of the IAC. All patients presented with sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus, and 2 also suffered from vertigo. Five patients reported a history of facial symptoms with hemispasm or palsy: 3 had progressive facial weakness, 1 had a hemispasm, and 1 had a history of recovery from sudden facial paresis. All patients underwent CT and MRI to rule out intracanalicular vestibular schwannomas and facial nerve neuromas. Five patients had their tumors surgically removed, while 1 patient, who did not have facial problems, was followed up with a wait-and-scan approach.

RESULTS

All patients had a presurgical diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma of the IAC, which was confirmed pathologically in the 5 patients who underwent surgical removal of the tumor. The translabyrinthine approach was used to remove the tumor in 4 patients, while the middle cranial fossa approach was used in the 1 patient who still had functional hearing. Tumors adhered to cranial nerves VII and/or VIII and were difficult to dissect from nerve sheaths during surgeries. Complete hearing loss occurred in all 5 patients. In 3 patients, the facial nerve could not be separated from the tumor, and primary end-to-end anastomosis was performed. Intact facial nerve preservation was achieved in 2 patients. Patients were followed up for at least 1 year after treatment, and MRI showed no evidence of tumor regrowth. All patients experienced some level of recovery in facial nerve function.

CONCLUSIONS

Cavernous hemangioma of the IAC can be diagnosed preoperatively through analysis of clinical features and neuroimaging. Early surgical intervention may preserve the functional integrity of the facial nerve and provide a better outcome after nerve reconstruction. However, preservation of functional hearing may not be achieved, even with the retrosigmoid or middle cranial fossa approaches. The translabyrinthine approach seems to be the most appropriate approach overall, as the facial nerve can be easily located and reconstructed.
Long-term treatment outcome of venous-predominant arteriovenous malformation
Authors: Jeon Jin Pyeong , Kim Jeong Eun , Ahn Jun Hyong , Cho Won-Sang , Cho Young Dae , Son Young-Je , Bang Jae Seung , Kang Hyun-Seung , Sohn Chul-Ho , Chung Hyun-Tai , Oh Chang Wan , Kim Dong Gyu
Published: September 2015

OBJECT

Treatment strategies for venous-predominant arteriovenous malformation (vp-AVM) remain unclear due to the limited number of cases and a lack of long-term outcomes. The purpose of this study was to report the authors’ experience with treatment outcomes with a review of the pertinent literature in patients with vp-AVM.

METHODS

Medical and radiological data from 1998 to 2011 were retrospectively evaluated. The degree of the arteriovenous (AV) shunt was categorized into 2 groups, a high- and low-flow AV shunt based on the angiographic findings.

RESULTS

Sixteen patients with a mean age of 45.3 years (range 16–78 years) and a mean follow-up of 79.9 months (range 25–264 months) were examined. Symptomatic lesions were noted in 13 patients: intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in 9, seizure in 1, and headache in 3. A high-flow shunt was observed on angiography in 13 patients. Among these 13 patients, 12 patients were symptomatic. Nine patients presenting with ICH underwent hematoma removal with additional Gamma Knife surgery (GKS; n = 4), GKS only (n = 2), or conservative treatment (n = 3). The 3 asymptomatic patients received conservative treatment, and 1 rebleeding episode was observed. Seven of 8 patients who underwent GKS as an initial or secondary treatment modality experienced a marked reduction in the AV shunt on follow-up angiography, but complete obliteration was not observed.

CONCLUSIONS

Poor lesion localization makes a vp-AVM challenging to treat. Symptomatic patients with a high-flow shunt are supposedly best treated with GKS, despite the fact that only 87.5% of the vp-AVMs treated this way showed a reduction in the malformation volume, and none were cured.
Increased prevalence of autoimmune disease in patients with unilateral compared with bilateral moyamoya disease
Authors: Chen Jian-Bin , Liu Yi , Zhou Liang-Xue , Sun Hong , He Min , You Chao
Published: September 2015

OBJECT

This study explored whether there were differences between the autoimmune disease prevalence rates in unilateral and bilateral moyamoya disease (MMD).

METHODS

The authors performed a retrospective review of data obtained from the medical records of their hospital, analyzing and comparing the clinical characteristics and prevalence rates of all autoimmune diseases that were associated with unilateral and bilateral MMD in their hospital from January 1995 to October 2014.

RESULTS

Three hundred sixteen patients with bilateral MMD and 68 with unilateral MMD were identified. The results indicated that patients with unilateral MMD were more likely to be female than were patients with bilateral MMD (67.6% vs 51.3%, p = 0.014, odds ratio [OR] 1.99). Overall, non-autoimmune comorbidities tended to be more prevalent in the unilateral MMD cases than in the bilateral MMD cases (17.6% vs 9.8%, p = 0.063, OR 1.97, chi-square test). Autoimmune thyroid disease and other autoimmune diseases also tended to be more prevalent in the unilateral MMD cases than in the bilateral MMD cases (19.1% vs 10.8%, p = 0.056, OR 1.96 and 8.8% vs 3.5%, p = 0.092, OR 2.77, respectively, chi-square test). The overall autoimmune disease prevalence in the unilateral MMD cases was significantly higher than in the bilateral MMD cases (26.5% vs 13.6%, p = 0.008, OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.22–4.28, chi-square test). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that autoimmune disease was more likely to be associated with unilateral than with bilateral MMD (p = 0.039, OR 10.91, 95% CI 1.13–105.25).

CONCLUSIONS

This study indicated a higher overall autoimmune disease prevalence in unilateral than in bilateral MMD. Unilateral MMD may be more associated with autoimmune disease than bilateral MMD. Different pathogenetic mechanisms may underlie moyamoya vessel formation in unilateral and bilateral MMD.
Monopolar high-frequency language mapping: can it help in the surgical management of gliomas? A comparative clinical study
Authors: Riva Marco , Fava Enrica , Gallucci Marcello , Comi Alessandro , Casarotti Alessandra , Alfiero Tommaso , Raneri Fabio A. , Pessina Federico , Bello Lorenzo
Published: September 2015

OBJECT

Intraoperative language mapping is traditionally performed with low-frequency bipolar stimulation (LFBS). High-frequency train-of-five stimulation delivered by a monopolar probe (HFMS) is an alternative technique for motor mapping, with a lower reported seizure incidence. The application of HFMS in language mapping is still limited. Authors of this study assessed the efficacy and safety of HFMS for language mapping during awake surgery, exploring its clinical impact compared with that of LFBS.

METHODS

Fifty-nine patients underwent awake surgery with neuropsychological testing, and LFBS and HFMS were compared. Frequency, type, and site of evoked interference were recorded. Language was scored preoperatively and 1 week and 3 months after surgery. Extent of resection was calculated as well.

RESULTS

High-frequency monopolar stimulation induced a language disturbance when the repetition rate was set at 3 Hz. Interference with counting (p = 0.17) and naming (p = 0.228) did not vary between HFMS and LFBS. These results held true when preoperative tumor volume, lesion site, histology, and recurrent surgery were considered.

Intraoperative responses (1603) in all patients were compared. The error rate for both modalities differed from baseline values (p < 0.001) but not with one another (p = 0.06). Low-frequency bipolar stimulation sensitivity (0.458) and precision (0.665) were slightly higher than the HFMS counterparts (0.367 and 0.582, respectively). The error rate across the 3 types of language errors (articulatory, anomia, paraphasia) did not differ between the 2 stimulation methods (p = 0.279).

CONCLUSIONS

With proper setting adjustments, HFMS is a safe and effective technique for language mapping.
First autopsy analysis of a neovascularized arterial network induced by indirect bypass surgery for moyamoya disease: case report
Authors: Mukawa Maki , Nariai Tadashi , Inaji Motoki , Tamada Natsumi , Maehara Taketoshi , Matsushima Yoshiharu , Ohno Kikuo , Negi Mariko , Kobayashi Daisuke
Published: September 2015

The object of this study was to analyze the pathology of collateral vessels newly induced by indirect bypass surgery for moyamoya disease (MMD). An autopsy analysis was conducted on a 39-year-old woman with MMD who had died of a brainstem infarction. The patient had undergone bilateral indirect bypass surgeries 22 years earlier. Sufficient revascularization via bilateral external carotid arterial systems was confirmed by cerebral angiography before her death. Macroscopic observation of the operative areas revealed countless meandering vessels on the internal surface of the dura mater connected with small vessels on the brain surface and in the subpial brain tissue. Notably, microscopic analysis of these vessels revealed the characteristic 3-layer structure of an arterial wall. This autopsy analysis was the first to confirm that indirect bypass surgery had induced the formation of a new arterial network (arteriogenesis) and that this network had been maintained for more than 20 years to compensate for the chronic cerebral ischemia caused by the MMD.
Retropharyngeal abscess with secondary osteomyelitis and epidural abscess: proposed pathophysiological mechanism of an underrecognized complication of unstable craniocervical injuries: case report
Authors: Goulart Carlos R. , Mattei Tobias A. , Fiore Mariano E. , Thoman William J. , Mendel Ehud
Published: September 2015

Because of the proximity of the oropharynx (a naturally contaminated region) to the spinal structures of the craniocervical junction, it is possible that small mucosal lacerations in the oropharynx caused by unstable traumatic craniocervical injuries may become contaminated and lead to secondary infection and osteomyelitis. In this report, the authors describe the case of a previously healthy and immunocompetent patient who developed a large retropharyngeal abscess with spinal osteomyelitis after a high-energy craniocervical injury. This unusual report of osteomyelitis with a delayed presentation after a high-energy traumatic injury of the craniocervical junction highlights the possibility of direct injury to a specific area in the oropharyngeal mucosa adjacent to the osteoligamentous structures of the craniocervical junction, an overall underrecognized complication of unstable craniocervical injuries.
Bilateral pial synangiosis in a child with PHACE syndrome
Authors: Jack Andrew S. , Chow Michael M. , Fiorillo Loretta , Chibuk Thea , Yager Jerome Y. , Mehta Vivek
Published: September 2015

The acronym PHACE has been used to denote a constellation of abnormalities: posterior fossa anomalies, facial hemangiomas, arterial anomalies, cardiac anomalies, and eye abnormalities. Approximately 30% of patients with large facial hemangiomas have PHACE syndrome, with the vast majority having intracranial arteriopathy. Few reports characterize neurological deterioration from this intracranial arteriopathy, and even fewer report successful treatment thereof. The authors report on a case of a child with PHACE syndrome who presented with an ischemic stroke from a progressive intracranial arteriopathy and describe her successful treatment with bilateral pial synangiosis.

An 8-month old girl diagnosed with PHACE syndrome was found to have bilateral internal carotid artery stenosis. Although initially asymptomatic, a few months after diagnosis she suffered a right frontal and parietal stroke. MRI and cerebral angiography investigations demonstrated progressive intracranial arterial stenosis and occlusion. The patient then underwent indirect cerebral revascularization surgery. At 2-year follow-up, she exhibited clinical improvement with persistent speech and motor developmental delay. Follow-up MRI and cerebral angiography showed no new ischemic events and robust extensive vascular collateralization from surgery.

PHACE syndrome is an uncommon disease, and affected patients often have cerebral arteriopathy. Although the underlying natural history of cerebral arteriopathy in PHACE remains unclear, cerebral revascularization may represent a potential therapy for symptomatic patients.
The effect of weekend and after-hours surgery on morbidity and mortality rates in pediatric neurosurgery patients
Authors: Desai Virendra , Gonda David , Ryan Sheila L. , Briceño Valentina , Lam Sandi K. , Luerssen Thomas G. , Syed Sohail H. , Jea Andrew
Published: September 2015

OBJECT

Several studies have indicated that the 30-day morbidity and mortality risks are higher among pediatric and adult patients who are admitted on the weekends. This “weekend effect” has been observed among patients admitted with and fora variety of diagnoses and procedures, including myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, stroke, peptic ulcer disease, and pediatric surgery. In this study, morbidity and mortality outcomes for emergency pediatric neurosurgical procedures carried out on the weekend or after hours are compared with emergency surgical procedures performed during regular weekday business hours.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis of operative data was conducted. Between December 1, 2011, and August 20, 2014, a total of 710 urgent or emergency neurosurgical procedures were performed at Texas Children’s Hospital in children younger than than 18 years of age. These procedures were then stratified into 3 groups: weekday regular hours, weekday after hours, and weekend hours. By cross-referencing these events with a prospectively collected morbidity and mortality database, the impact of the day and time on complication incidence was examined. Outcome metrics were compared using logistic regression models.

RESULTS

The weekday regular hours and after-hours (weekday after hours and weekends) surgery groups consisted of 341 and 239 patients and 434 and 276 procedures, respectively. There were no significant differences in the types of cases performed (p = 0.629) or baseline preoperative health status as determined by American Society of Anesthesiologists classifications (p = 0.220) between the 2 cohorts. After multivariate adjustment and regression, children undergoing emergency neurosurgical procedures during weekday after hours or weekends were more likely to experience complications (p = 0.0227).

CONCLUSIONS

Weekday after-hours and weekend emergency pediatric neurosurgical procedures are associated with significantly increased 30-day morbidity and mortality risk compared with procedures performed during weekday regular hours.
Use of a hydrologic mixing model to examine the roles of meltwater, precipitation and groundwater in the Langtang River basin, Nepal
Authors: Wilson Alāna M. , Williams Mark W. , Kayastha Rijan B. , Racoviteanu Adina
Published: September 2015

Understanding the hydrology of glacierized catchments is an important step in assessing the vulnerability of water resources to a changing climate. While there have been increased efforts recently to understand the dynamics of Asia's cryosphere, glacier melt dynamics and hydrograph separation of river discharge are open questions. A multi-year, multi-seasonal dataset of water chemistry from the Langtang Valley, Nepal, is used to explore water sources and flow paths that contribute to Langtang River discharge. Differences in hydrochemistry of samples from debris-free Khimsung Glacier and debris-covered Lirung Glacier demonstrate the effect of debris cover on glacier outflow. Additional data show seasonal transitions in the composition of Langtang River discharge. End-member mixing analysis (EMMA) using geochemical and isotopic tracers suggests that reacted meltwater contributes the majority of flow during most of the year, with the exception of the summer when unreacted meltwater and precipitation dominate streamflow. We hypothesize our dataset is missing characteristic monsoon water and utilize a Late May river sample as a proxy for precipitation-influenced groundwater in the EMMA. Results offer insight into the plausibility of flow sources and pathways in the basin.
Cyanobacterial phycoerythrin purified from marine Lyngbya sp. induces apoptosis in lung carcinoma cells
Authors: Madamwar Datta , Kaushal Avani , Patel Dipak K. , Desai Swati N. , Upadhyay Kapil , Devkar Ranjitsinh
Published: September 2015

Phycoerythrins from various cyanobacterial sources have been extensively studied globally for their therapeutic potentials. This study shows the apoptotic potential of cyanobacterial phycoerythrin isolated, purified and characterized from marine Lyngbya sp. A09DM on human lung carcinoma cells (A549 cell). Results indicated that purified cyanobacterial phycoerythrin accounted for a dose-dependent decrement in cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential and an increment in lactate dehydrogenase release. Higher dose of cyanobacterial phycoerythrin caused loss of cell viability and nuclear condensation/fragmentation. Flow cytometry accounted for more number of cells in G0/G1 phase and an increase in total number of early apoptotic cells (39.5%). Overall, this study is the first to report on apoptotic property of cyanobacterial phycoerythrin from marine Lyngbya sp. A09DM against A549 human lung carcinoma cells and requires a detailed scrutiny to establish its anti-cancer potential.

 
Gegen, or Translating the (En)counter
Authors: Herbrechter Stefan
Published: September 2015

The article discusses the notion of the ‘post-literary’ and ‘countertextuality’ by reconnecting them to previous theoretical contexts that have dealt with the question of ‘text’ and ‘textuality’. The word ‘countertextuality’ evokes the rise and fall of poststructuralism and deconstruction within the globalised, Anglo-American-dominated humanities. In order to see what countertextuality might mean or do for the current context the article briefly returns to the beginnings of French theory in the humanities from the 1970s onwards and critically evaluates the challenges these are facing today. It asks what kind of ‘object’ [Gegenstand] a (counter)text might be, under the current conditions of digitalisation. Against the focus on the countertextual as the result of a technology-driven transformation of text into code the article concludes by foregrounding the gesture and dynamics of ‘countering’ as a process of translation and its intrinsic issues of untranslatability.
Whale-Watching Activity in Bahía Málaga, on the Pacific Coast of Colombia, and its Effect on Humpback Whale (Megaptera Novaeangliae) Behavior
Authors: Avila Isabel Cristina , Correa Lina Marcela , Parsons E. C. M.
Published: September 2015

During the whale-watching season of 2008, 6,663 whale watchers and 267 boat trips were recorded in Bahía Málaga, Colombia. Forty-four percent of humpback whale pods sighted in the area were approached by boats. Operators in 2008 did not comply with Colombian whale-watching guidelines during most encounters. The modal distance between whales and boats was 50 m. Ninety-four percent of boats approached too fast (>3 knots), and 78.6% of them approached mother–calf pods. On average, a pod of whales was observed for 42.6 minutes (SD 33.1), and by more than one boat in 60.2% of cases. As a consequence of boats' presence, whales modified their behavior by reducing blows per minute, moved faster and more erratically, increased breaching frequency, and decreased resting behavior.
The Use of Data from a Platform of Opportunity (Whale Watching) to Study Coastal Cetaceans On the Southwest Coast of South Africa
Authors: Vinding Katja , Bester Marthán , Kirkman Stephen P. , Chivell Wilfred , Elwen Simon H.
Published: September 2015

Effective conservation management requires information on wildlife abundance and distribution. Platforms of opportunity, including whale-watching vessels (WWV), can provide inexpensive and valuable information particularly in data deficient areas. This study analyzed over 5,500 cetacean
encounters from more than 2,500 trips over 10 years by a WWV in the Western Cape, South Africa. Results were twofold: 1) providing spatial and temporal distribution patterns of the five main cetacean species for the area (southern right, humpback, and Bryde's whales, Indo-Pacific bottlenose
and Indian Ocean humpback dolphins) and the first long-term, year-round data for this area; 2) showing that regularly recorded opportunistic encounters from a WWV constitute an important source of baseline information. Caveats and limitations of data from WWV are discussed and advice regarding
data collection from platforms of opportunity is provided. Particularly, the lack of effort data and of clearly defined behavioral categories is emphasized and standardization of guidelines for data collection methods worldwide is suggested.
Interpretation as a Vital Ingredient of Geotourism in Coastal Environments: The Geology of Sea Level Change, Rottnest Island, Western Australia
Authors: Rutherford Jessica , Newsome David , Kobryn Halina
Published: September 2015

At a time of increasing global awareness of the exploitation of the Earth's resources and the environmental impacts of human activity, this article stresses the importance of geological education. It highlights that in a tourism hot spot containing globally significant geological features
and processes, it is essential to create educational interpretative themes that provide engaging scientific information to generate appreciation and awareness of climate change. Appropriate literature is reviewed, which includes a brief account of the geology of Rottnest Island. The review
emphasizes the interpretive importance of carbonate geological features displaying evidence of sea level change events, exposures of Late Pleistocene aeolionite, and Holocene dune formations. Sea level change is regarded as an especially relevant geological theme for interpretative product
development on the island. Such a theme provides the foundation for the interpretation of scientific data that can link the visitor to the significance of environmental change. The article concludes that educative geological themes, as presented via tourism, can provide a dialogue between
the public, scientists, and the media about global climate change.
Nanofibers for drug delivery – incorporation and release of model molecules, influence of molecular weight and polymer structure
Authors: Hrib Jakub , Sirc Jakub , Hobzova Radka , Hampejsova Zuzana , Bosakova Zuzana , Munzarova Marcela , Michalek Jiri
Published: September 2015

Nanofibers were prepared from polycaprolactone, polylactide and polyvinyl alcohol using NanospiderTM technology. Polyethylene glycols with molecular weights of 2 000, 6 000, 10 000 and 20 000 g/mol, which can be used to moderate the release profile of incorporated pharmacologically active compounds, served as model molecules. They were terminated by aromatic isocyanate and incorporated into the nanofibers. The release of these molecules into an aqueous environment was investigated. The influences of the molecular length and chemical composition of the nanofibers on the release rate and the amount of released polyethylene glycols were evaluated. Longer molecules released faster, as evidenced by a significantly higher amount of released molecules after 72 hours. However, the influence of the chemical composition of nanofibers was even more distinct – the highest amount of polyethylene glycol molecules released from polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers, the lowest amount from polylactide nanofibers.
Le déclin de la pratique des groupes dans l’éducation spécialisée
Authors: Capul Maurice
Published: September 2015

Les groupes ont constitué un vecteur privilégié de l’éducation et de l’enfance inadaptée durant les Trente Glorieuses. La relation duelle s’est progressivement imposée, en écho à la montée de l’individualisme ambiant, caractéristique de la société moderne. L’utilisation enthousiaste des dynamiques de groupe dans les années 1950-1960 a fait place à une défiance et à une individualisation des modes d’intervention, à l’image d’autres professions du social. Les nouvelles générations de professionnels n’ont pas été formées, comme leurs aînés, à l’école de l’éducation populaire, lieu privilégié pour acquérir une expérience du fonctionnement des groupes, notamment des groupes de jeunes.
« Bandes de jeunes » : de quoi parle-t-on ?
Authors: Boucher Manuel
Published: September 2015

Ce texte présente rapidement une histoire des bandes de jeunes depuis le début du xx e  siècle. Il en trace les constantes et les grandes lignes du rapport de la société avec ces modes de socialisation.
Les « groupes » dans l’école. Les boulets et les bouées
Authors: Longhi Gilbert
Published: September 2015

L’Éducation nationale accueille douze millions d’élèves. Ce qu’on y appelle « groupe » est avant tout une simple subdivision technique des effectifs. Le terme ne préjuge ni d’un type d’enseignement ni d’un état du vivre ensemble. La doxa scolaire privilégie une approche tératologique du groupe en termes de phénomènes délétères (bandes, clans, chahuts, débordements...) et les rares enseignants s’appuyant sur une pédagogie de groupe sont soupçonnés de galvauder leurs missions didactiques au profit d’animations récréatives. Dans ce contexte, la création de groupes destinés à traiter à part des élèves en difficulté (parfois contre leur gré) peut amplifier leur désaffiliation. Rares sont les formations où la vie de groupe fait partie d’une manière d’apprendre ensemble.
Le micro-lycée, une structure expérimentale qui accueille des jeunes en situation de décrochage scolaire
Authors: Furno Isabelle
Published: September 2015

Tous les jeunes ne trouvent pas leur compte dans le groupe classe classique. Le micro-lycée est une structure expérimentale animée par une équipe motivée et motivante qui aide les jeunes à se reconstruire, à se remettre en mouvement, puis au travail pour atteindre l’objectif du diplôme. C’est une structure collective, participative, où chacun est coresponsable. Cet article décrit la structure et pointe quelques aspects qui semblent essentiels du point de vue du groupe et de ses interactions avec l’environnement.
Le dimanche matin, c’était bagarre...
Authors: Laloye Suzanne
Published: September 2015

Face aux violences des jeunes en itep , une équipe institutionnelle a élaboré une procédure de contention physique comme acte soignant. Construite par l’ensemble de l’établissement, validée par les instances éthiques de l’association, elle constitue un des modes de régulation des situations extrêmes. Cet acte est devenu dicible et revendiqué comme faisant partie du panel des réponses institutionnelles à la violence des jeunes. Il contribue à la qualité des résultats obtenus par l’établissement. La maîtrise collective de la violence par les professionnels permet de discerner un besoin primaire de ces jeunes : celui d’une confrontation avec un adulte fiable, besoin primaire non assouvi par ces jeunes adolescents. Le collectif se révèle alors une nécessité et une opportunité.
Naissance d’une équipe
Authors: Bauce Yohann , Matéos Julien
Published: September 2015

Les itep accueillent des adolescents très hétérogènes au regard des pathologies. Le faire ensemble est l’acte fondateur du rugby et celui-ci apparaît comme une médiation thérapeutique pertinente. L’atelier rugby est structuré de façon rigoureuse, avec un cadre précis et des étapes systématiques. La médiation rugby conduit progressivement les jeunes du plaisir d’agir au plaisir d’anticiper, de penser, de projeter. L’atelier se révèle tout à la fois soignant sur les plans corporel, affectif, psychologique et cognitif, mais aussi fédérateur d’un groupe et d’une dynamique collective qui va transformer la juxtaposition d’individus en une véritable équipe sportive.
« Là, dans le groupe, j’ai appuyé sur la touche de l’intelligence ». Les effets du travail en groupe
Authors: Ranchin Bruno
Published: September 2015

À partir de l’exemple de groupes de parole d’auteurs de violences conjugales que nous co-animons à l’ avac , nous tentons de mieux comprendre ce qu’apporte un groupe à ses participants. Un consensus s’opère sur le fait de donner du sens à ses actes, de se découvrir à travers les autres, de (re)prendre confiance, de se (re)construire une identité, pour avancer vers une impulsivité calmée. Plus généralement, nous articulons notre réflexion autour d’éléments théoriques qui illustrent la force et les limites du groupe, en tentant de le définir.
La responsabilité
Authors: Lebrun Pierre-Brice
Published: September 2015

Chacun est, dès sa naissance, responsable de ce qu’il fait et de ce qu’il ne fait pas, dans sa vie privée et dans sa vie professionnelle : la responsabilité est le contrepoids de la liberté. Elle est toujours personnelle : plus on monte dans l’échelle hiérarchique, moins on est responsable. Elle peut être civile, pénale ou disciplinaire quand elle est juridique. Elle peut être éthique, pédagogique, éducative ou déontologique quand elle est morale : elle relève alors plutôt de la philosophie et des valeurs propres à chacun.
La construction identitaire associative, un processus historique, une élaboration collective
Authors: Piludu Olivier
Published: September 2015

De multiples enjeux jalonnent l’avenir des associations et vont nécessairement engager leurs facultés d’adaptation. Dans un contexte d’évolution permanente, la construction identitaire associative, processus historique, apparaît bien comme la matrice de ce qui fait association et le marqueur de ses spécificités. Dans cette perspective, le projet associatif, à la fois dans la démarche qu’il établit et la méthode qu’il construit, doit permettre de porter le sens d’une élaboration collective et participe de ce fait au processus de construction de l’identité associative autant qu’il en témoigne.
Résilience par le sport : un chemin inédit pour les personnes en situation de handicap mental
Authors: Compte Roy
Published: September 2015

Dix ans après son exclusion, le sport pour les déficients intellectuels a été à nouveau accepté en 2009 dans l’épreuve la plus emblématique du sport handicap : les Jeux Paralympiques. Reconnu sport de haut niveau la même année, le sport adapté est venu prendre une place effective au sein du Comité paralympique français, avec une représentation de quatre sportifs sélectionnés pour les jeux de Londres. La participation aux Jeux Paralympiques de Londres a été, pour ces sportifs, un terrain privilégié, exceptionnel, qui a permis notamment au premier médaillé de l’histoire de la Fédération du sport adapté de se révéler à lui-même et d’affirmer aux yeux de tous combien le sport est pour lui le ciment d’une construction identitaire positive. Le chemin non tracé de la résilience est alors affirmé avec force.
Faut-il croire son psychanalyste ?
Authors: Simonney Dominique
Published: September 2015

On croit en l’analyse avant même d’avoir rencontré un analyste. On y croit pendant la cure et, dans le meilleur des cas, après. On croit son analyste capable de soutenir le discours analytique, quand bien même on n’a jamais entendu parler de celui-ci. On y croit donc, mais faut-il le croire, lui, l’analyste ? Oui en certaines circonstances, non en d’autres, celles où de dupe de l’inconscient il vous amène à être sa dupe.
Des souris et des parlêtres
Authors: Delbos Françoise
Published: September 2015

Entre sacralisation du texte et savoir en construction, quel rapport entretenons-nous à la théorie analytique et à ses auteurs ? Comment expliquer que les désaccords entre psychanalystes se manifestent avec autant de véhémence, voire de violence ? Phénomènes de groupes, supposition de savoir hors cure et obédience à certains noms sont repérables dans les associations de psychanalystes comme ailleurs, au détriment de la visée du discours analytique (singularité, recherche). Comment en expliquer le mécanisme ? C’est ce que se propose de tenter cet article.
Croyances dans l’analyse, incroyance de l’analyste
Authors: Koren Daniel
Published: September 2015

Quel rapport entretiennent la psychanalyse et les psychanalystes avec la croyance ? En quoi son approche, théorique et pratique, différerait de celle apportée par la philosophie, l’ethnologie ou la sociologie ? Je soutiendrai que la psychanalyse, traversée elle-même par les croyances, permet de dégager les raisons de la croyance comme fonction, et que la position (juste) des analystes correspond davantage à l’incroyance (à distinguer de la non-croyance). Cette position ne va pas de soi, la fameuse question de la « communication d’inconscient à inconscient » dans certaines théories du contre-transfert en témoigne. Je proposerai comme conclusion que la position de l’analyste devrait être plus proche de celle de l’agnostique que de l’athée.
Croire… en psychanalyse
Authors: Askofaré Sidi
Published: September 2015

Dans ses Quatre concepts fondamentaux de la psychanalyse , en 1964, Lacan situait la psychanalyse « entre science et religion ». Ce qui peut, voire doit, se lire : ni l’une ni l’autre. Est-ce à dire pour autant que la croyance, qui est à l’œuvre dans la science – ne serait-ce que sous la forme minimale de l’hypothèse – ou dans la religion – laquelle se déploie tout entière dans la croyance et se prolonge dans la foi – lui est étrangère ? À partir de l’inconscient, du symptôme et du transfert, je m’attacherai à montrer en quoi la visée de certitude qui oriente l’expérience ne contrevient pas au fait que la croyance est nécessairement en jeu dans une psychanalyse de son début à sa fin. Le rapport Turquet… aujourd’hui ?
Le rapport Turquet… aujourd’hui ?
Authors: Chaumon Franck , Clavurier Vincent , Jaudel Nathalie , Mac Clay Edit , Plon Michel , Porge Erik , Safouan Moustafa
Published: September 2015

Ayant pris connaissance de ce fameux rapport Turquet, jusqu’ici dissimulé par les instances de l’ ipa , triste témoignage d’un temps fort de l’histoire du mouvement psychanalytique ayant abouti à l’exclusion de Lacan de cette institution, Essaim a demandé à quelques psychanalystes – tous n’ont pas répondu – de donner leur opinion tant sur ce document que sur ses retombées, ses effets et ses conséquences dans l’évolution aujourd’hui de la psychanalyse.
L’interprète dans la situation clinique
Authors: Castelain Arnold
Published: September 2015

Dans certaines institutions de soin, les psychologues sont amenés à rencontrer des patients dont ils ne comprennent pas la langue. Les interprètes médiateurs « socioculturels » sont invités aux entretiens pour rendre possible la rencontre clinique. La perspective psychanalytique permet de comprendre et de faciliter le dialogue à trois, psychologue-interprète-patient, à partir d’une compréhension spécifique de ce qu’est une parole et ce qui doit être sa place. La pratique de référence de cet article est celle de prises en charge de patients chinois.
Le phénomène lacanien
Authors: Lacan Jacques
Published: September 2015

Y a-t-il un « phénomène lacanien » ? Il y a un phénomène seulement au sens où il y a des effets lacaniens. Effets d’un dire analytique qui opère à partir d’un réel irréductible à sa portée de sens. Ce réel n’est pas celui sur lequel l’expérience scientifique prend son appui. Pour la pratique psychanalytique, c’est l’impossible de ce qui donnerait un sens au rapport sexuel. Le parlêtre, ou ce que Freud désignait du terme d’inconscient, y trouve là exactement sa racine.
La possibilité d’un troisième sexe
Authors: Guérin Nicolas
Published: September 2015

Si aucun des discours établis ne fait lien social entre les sexes, quelle est, en revanche, l'incidence du sexe sur le lien social ? Et, particulièrement, quelle est la consistance psychanalytique de la notion vague de « troisième sexe » ? Après un détour par la fonction du transsexualisme dans le maintien du rapport du sujet à l'Autre, il s'agira d'examiner les raisons qui poussèrent Lacan, à la fin de son enseignement, à articuler ce qu'il appelait le « troisième sexe » avec le mythe de Lilith et le nœud borroméen généralisé.
Sexe et langes
Authors: Cordonnier Sylvianne
Published: September 2015

À l'heure incontournable du choix de sa place dans la répartition des sexes, un jeune sujet aux prises avec la forclusion du Nom du Père se prendra à l'offre de la psychanalyse pour cerner son atypie et trouver la voie d'un lien social qui réponde de son choix. Sa recherche d'une solution se fera par l'usage singulier qu'il fera de la lettre. La rédaction d'un carnet témoignera de son effort : extraction de l'objet voix, autonomination, inscription dans une filiation d'apparentement symbolique, déclinaison d'une guise autre de la transmission.
Le réalisme du discours capitaliste et l’utopie du saint, passes et impasses
Authors: Fierens Christian
Published: September 2015

Chaque discours implique la non-coïncidence du cogito et de l’être : « ou je ne pense pas ou je ne suis pas », et plus particulièrement le lieu vide d’extrême jouissance où « je ne pense pas et je ne suis pas ». L’insupportable de ce lieu est comblé par un bouchon réaliste qui transforme le discours du maître en discours capitaliste et le discours psychanalytique en discours de l’analyste. Le « saint » soutient la vacuité et l’utopie du lieu d’extême jouissance.
Folie, désaliénisme, psychanalyse
Authors: Chaumon Franck
Published: September 2015

Il est des analystes qui « ne reculent pas devant la psychose ». Pour autant, affrontent-ils la folie ? Le moins que l’on puisse dire est qu’il est des manières bien différentes d’en faire cas, c'est-à-dire de soutenir l’enjeu du discours analytique face au discours psychiatrique. L’option de la psychothérapie institutionnelle en est une des perspectives possibles. Je propose d’examiner ici une autre orientation, dite « désaliéniste », celle de Lucien Bonnafé.