bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement in Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus After Twenty Weeks of Belimumab Use: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Kneeland Rachel , Montes Daniel , Endo Justin , Shields Bridget , Bartels Christie M. , Garg Shivani
Published: November 2022

Objective

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE), with or without systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), can be debilitating and cause psychological distress. Belimumab, a monoclonal antibody that inhibits B cell activation, is a Federal Drug Administration–approved SLE medication, but less is known on its use in CLE. Moreover, the time to response after starting belimumab in CLE is unknown, which may lead to premature discontinuation in the absence of early perceivable benefits. Thus, the objectives of this meta‐analysis were to examine the efficacy of belimumab, as well as the time to response after starting belimumab in patients with CLE with or without SLE.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was performed to include studies that examined clinical response in patients with CLE with or without SLE receiving belimumab. A clinical response at 52 weeks in belimumab users versus nonusers was summarized in a random‐effects model. Additionally, we calculated the pooled odds ratio (OR) for each consecutive 4‐week observation interval to identify time to a clinical response in CLE with or without SLE after starting belimumab.

Results

Among 747 screened studies, 14 were included. The pooled odds of clinical response at 52 weeks in belimumab users were 44% higher compared to nonusers (OR 1.44 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.20–1.74], I2 = 0%). A clinical response was first noted after 20 weeks of starting belimumab (OR 1.35 [95% CI 1.01–1.81], I2 = 0%), with a sustained clinical response through 1 year.

Conclusion

The findings support belimumab as an effective therapy for CLE with SLE. Likewise, the findings inform patient counseling regarding estimates of 20 weeks to achieve a response.
Improved Strength–Ductility Synergy of a CoCrNi Medium‐Entropy Alloy by Ex Situ TiN Nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Anjing , Wang Jianying , Yang Feipeng , Wen Tao , Yang Hailin , Ji Shouxun
Published: November 2022

The introduction of ex situ reinforcement particles to increase the strength of alloys generally reduces ductility. Herein, a method to fabricate CoCrNi/TiN composite via spark plasma sintering (SPS) and rolling and annealing to achieve a superior combination of strength and ductility is presented. Under the as‐SPSed condition, the CoCrNi/TiN composites exhibit the fracture strain of 41.9%, yield strength (YS) of 0.48 GPa, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 0.88 GPa, and hardness of 232.0 Hv. After rolling at 25 °C for the thickness reduction of 50%, the alloy presents fracture strain of 6.9%, YS of 1.24 GPa, UTS of 1.41 GPa, and hardness (408.9 Hv). After rolling at 25 °C for the thickness reduction of 50%, and annealing at 700 °C for 1 h, a good combination of YS of 0.77 GPa, UTS of 1.01 GPa, and fractured strain of 55.2% can be obtained in the samples. The superior strength–ductility synergy can be attributed to the refined structure, the formation of lattices defects (i.e., stacking faults [SFs] and Lomer–Cottrell Locks (LCs)), the interaction of nanotwin–TiN particles, and the concurrent process of potential grain boundary sliding accommodated by intragranular dislocation in the softer face‐centered cubic (fcc) matrix.
Anisotropic Metallic Microlattice Structures for Underwater Operations
Authors: Shen Chen , Rohde Charles , Cushing Colby W. , Li Junfei , Tan Zheng Jie , Du Huifeng , Peng Xiuyuan , Wilson Preston S. , Haberman Michael R. , Fang Nicholas X. , Cummer Steven A.
Published: November 2022

Metamaterials have offered unprecedented potentials for wave manipulations. However, their applications in underwater acoustic wave control have remained largely unexplored. This is because of the limited material choices and the lack of reliable fabrication techniques for the complicated structures. Herein, a metamaterial with microlattice structures as the building blocks is proposed for underwater operations. By designing the building blocks of the metamaterial and assembling them in a layered fashion, anisotropy is embedded in the structure, which results along different effective sound speeds in orthogonal directions. The designed metamaterial is fabricated by metal additive manufacturing using aluminum and steel. Experiments are performed using a resonator tube to evaluate its performance in water. An anisotropy ratio of around 2 is achieved, which is in good agreement with numerical simulations. The proposed metamaterial provides an effective means for underwater sound control with reduced fabrication difficulties and increased service life.
Oxygen Vacancy‐Mediated Catalysts toward Selective H2O2 Reduction in Cellular Environment
Authors: Ding Zhenyao , Wang Dandan , Chen Liping , Yu Huijun , Zhou Hang , Zhou Yifan , Feng Xinjian , Jiang Lei
Published: November 2022

Abnormal hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in the cellular environment are closely related to cell dysfunction and serious diseases. Thus, selective and sensitive H2O2 detections are urgently needed for clinical diagnosis and therapy. Herein, via surface defect engineering, an oxygen‐tolerant electrocatalyst based on tin oxide for selective H2O2 reduction and detection with exceptional stability and activity is designed and developed. When introduced at an appropriate level (≈5.3%), surface oxygen vacancies help lower the charge transfer resistance for enhancing the H2O2 reduction reaction, while maintain the weak oxygen (O2) adsorption, which enables a constant H2O2 reduction (sensing) response in the electrolyte at variable oxygen levels. Moreover, the tin oxide‐based assay system exhibits outstanding stability over a wide pH range of 4–9, as well as selectivity in the presence of interferent endogenous and exogenous electroactive species, which is suitable for trace H2O2 monitoring secreted from NB4 cells, a model cancer cell. The oxygen vacancy‐mediated tin oxide achieves the highest stability as well as high selectivity compared to reported electrochemical probes for specific H2O2 detection in biological environments, with the potential for biological and biomedical applications.
Highly Controlled Zigzag Perovskite Nanocrystals Enabled by Dipole‐Induced Self‐Assembly of Nanocubes for Low‐Threshold Amplified Spontaneous Emission and Lasing
Authors: Zhang Chengxi , Chen Jiayi , Turyanska Lyudmila , Wang Junhui , Wang Weihua , Wang Lin , Kong Lingmei , Wu Kaifeng , Yao Jisong , Yao Hongbin , Yang Zhiwen , Li Wanwan , Bekenstein Yehonadav , Wang Yue , Jia Guohua , Yang Xuyong
Published: November 2022

Self‐assembly of nanocrystals into controlled structures while uncompromising their properties is one of the key steps in optoelectronic device fabrication. Herein, zigzag CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals are demonstrated with a precise number of components with nanocube morphology, these can be successfully obtained through a dipole‐induced self‐assembly process. The addition of a trace amount of deionized water facilitates the transfer from CsPbBr3 nanocubes to intermediates of CsPb2Br5 and Cs3In2Br9, which then fastly release reaction monomers leading to further homogenous nucleation of CsPbBr3 nanocubes, followed by the formation of zigzag CsPbBr3 nanocrystals through a dipole‐induced self‐assembly process. Dipole moment along <110> axis is found to be the driving force for the assembly of nanocubes into zigzag nanocrystals. The zigzag CsPbBr3 nanocrystals exhibit desirable optical properties comparable to their nanocube counterparts and offer advantages for amplified spontaneous emission and lasing applications with low pump thresholds of 3.1 and 6.02 µJ cm−2, respectively. This study not only develops a strategy for producing highly controlled zigzag perovskite nanocrystals and provides insights on the dipole‐induced self‐assembly mechanisms, but also opens an avenue for their application in lasing.
Digital Twin Enables Rational Design of Ultrahigh‐Power Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Ren Dongsheng , Ming Hai , Zhang Wenfeng , Cao Gaoping , Liu Jianhong , Wang Li , Song Junliang , Qiu Jingyi , Wang Jingliang , He Xiangming , Zhang Hao
Published: November 2022

With the widespread applications of electric vehicles, power grid stabilization, and high‐pulsed power loads, high‐power lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are in urgent demand. However, the existing experimental‐based design of high‐power batteries is usually costly and inefficient, and provides limited information on the complex physicochemical processes inside the batteries. Digital twin concept is promising for capturing the batteries’ electrochemical performance, and optimizing the power capability of LIBs. Here, an electrochemical‐thermal coupled model is developed as a digital twin model for rational design of ultrahigh‐power LiFePO4/graphite LIBs. The model can accurately predict the batteries’ performance and help to predetermine the optimal parameters to achieve an ultrahigh power capability. After model‐guided optimization, the battery shows a high energy density of 92.38 Wh kg−1 at an ultrafast discharging current of 50 C and can withstand 150 C pulse discharging tests. Notably, the digital twin model can reveal experimentally inaccessible time‐ and space‐resolved information and identify the rate‐determining steps inside the battery. Hence, model‐driven optimization of ultrahigh‐power LiFePO4/graphite batteries is successfully realized aiming at the critical factors in the rate‐determining steps. The work provides an instructive design of ultrahigh‐power LiFePO4/graphite batteries, which might guide the future direction to boost the power capability of LIBs.
What's Next for Organic Solar Cells? The Frontiers and Challenges
Authors: Tamai Yasunari
Published: November 2022

The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs) is improved dramatically in recent years and now approaches >19% for single‐junction cells and >20% for tandem cells. Therefore, the practical use of OSCs is becoming a reality. This perspective summarizes the state of the art of OSC characteristics and discusses the challenges that remain in further improving PCE. The short‐circuit current density (J
SC) of the state‐of‐the‐art OSCs almost approaches 30 mA cm−2. As the internal quantum efficiencies of these devices exceed 90%, for further improvement in J
SC, it is necessary to suppress reflection at interfaces and increase the active layer thickness to absorb as many photons as possible. Further suppression of the nonradiative voltage loss is imperative, as there is still large room for improvement compared to inorganic and perovskite counterparts. Hence, increasing the exciton lifetime and photoluminescence quantum yield of nonfullerene acceptors are pivotal to improving the open‐circuit voltage of OSCs. The fill factors of the latest OSCs approach 80%; however, because the optimized active layer thickness remains ≈100 nm, further suppression of bimolecular charge recombination is needed. Finally, this perspective discusses to what extent PCE can be improved and what can be done to achieve this.
Retarding the Shuttling Ions in the Electrochromic TiO2 with Extensive Crystallographic Imperfections
Authors: Dai Baohu , Wu Changzheng , Xie Yi
Published: November 2022

To understand the role of structure imperfections on the performance of electrochromic transition metal oxide (ETMO) is challenging for the design of efficient smart windows. Herein, we investigate the performance evolution with tunable crystallographic imperfections for rutile TiO2 nanowire film (TNF). Structure imperfections, originating mainly from the copious oxygen deficiency, are apt to cumulatively retard the shuttling ions, resulting in the response rate for raw TNF being less than the half that of TNF annealed at 500 °C. We describe ion accommodation sites as a convolution of normal site and abnormal site, in which the normal site performs reversible coloration but the abnormal site contributes only to charge storage, which gives a rationale for the non‐linear coloration and rate capability loss. These findings give a clear picture of the ion shuttling process, which is insightful for enhancing the electrochromic performance via structure reprogramming.
Stereoselective Chiral Molecular Carbon Imides Featuring 12‐Fold [5]helicenes Around Four Cores**
Authors: Liu Guogang , Liu Yujian , Zhao Chengxi , Li Yan , Wang Zhaohui , Tian He
Published: November 2022

Despite the great progress in research on molecular carbons containing multiple helicenes around one core, realizing the stereoselectivity of carbons containing multiple helicenes around more cores is still a great challenge. Herein, molecular carbon C204 featuring 12‐fold [5]helicenes around four cores was successfully constructed by using nine perylene diimide (PDI) units, and exhibits good solubility and stability. Despite 256 possible stereoisomers caused by the 12‐fold [5]helicenes, we only obtained one pair of enantiomers with D3 symmetry. There are four possible pairs of enantiomers with D3 symmetry, namely 7A, 7B, 7C and 7D. Theoretical and experimental results verify that the obtained structure belongs to 7C, which has the lowest energy. The enantiomers can also be separated by chiral HPLC. These results suggest that choosing PDIs as building blocks can not only improve the solubility and stability but also realize the stereoselectivity and chirality of molecular carbons.
The polydopamine‐assisted heparin anchor enhances the hydrophilicity, hemocompatibility, and biocompatibility of polyurethane
Authors: Li Heng , Guo Yu , Ma Buyun , Qian Yunzhu , Sun Wentao , Zhou Xuefeng
Published: November 2022

Surface heparinization is an effective solution to resolve low endothelialization, poor anticoagulation, and hemocompatibility of polyurethane (PU) used as materials of small‐diameter vascular grafts. Here, the effects of polydopamine (PDA) and poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) as crosslinking agents on the surface heparinization were explored. The PU membranes grafted with heparin (Hep) via dopamine (PU/PDA‐Hep) showed better hydrophilicity and stability, compared to heparinized PU membranes via acrylic acid (PU/PAA‐Hep). The results of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated that heparin was successfully grafted onto the PU surface and the grafting efficiency was high when PDA as a cross‐linking agent. The grafted heparin aggregated and formed nanoparticles, and increased the surface roughness of PU membranes. The heparinized membranes demonstrated good anti‐adhesion of bovine serum albumin and fibrin protein. In addition, no activated platelets or educts on heparinized PU were found by platelet adhesion tests, implying that heparin‐immobilized surfaces had good hemocompatibility. Moreover, the in vitro cytocompatibility assessment showed that the PU/PDA‐Hep significantly improved the proliferation of L929 cells and was superior to PU/AA‐Hep. These results demonstrated that PDA‐assisted surface heparinization was an effective method to improve the anticoagulant and biocompatibility of PU small‐diameter vascular materials and could be extended to other implantable materials.
Lateral control for autonomous wheeled vehicles: A technical review
Authors: Kebbati Yassine , Ait‐Oufroukh Naima , Ichalal Dalil , Vigneron Vincent
Published: November 2022

Autonomous driving has the ability to reshape mobility and transportation by reducing road accidents, traffic jams, and air pollution. This can yield energy efficiency, convenience, and more productivity as significant driving time will be gained and used in other activities instead. Autonomous vehicles are complex systems consisting of several modules that perform perception, decision‐making, planning, and control. Control is essential for achieving automatic driving; it is basically divided into longitudinal control that handles speed tracking and lateral control which ensures accurate steering. The latter is primordial in path tracking applications and recent research has witnessed a huge leap in this field. The aim of this paper is to provide a technical survey of the latest research on the lateral control of autonomous vehicles as well as to highlight technical challenges and limits for further developments.
Resistance to antibody‐drug conjugates in breast cancer: mechanisms and solutions
Authors: Chen Yu‐Fei , Xu Ying‐ying , Shao Zhi‐Ming , Yu Ke‐Da
Published: November 2022

Antibody‐drug conjugates (ADCs) are a rapidly developing therapeutic approach in cancer treatment that has shown remarkable activity in breast cancer. Currently, there are two ADCs approved for the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐positive breast cancer, one for triple‐negative breast cancer, and multiple investigational ADCs in clinical trials. However, drug resistance has been noticed in clinical use, especially in trastuzumab emtansine. Here, the mechanisms of ADC resistance are summarized into four categories: antibody‐mediated resistance, impaired drug trafficking, disrupted lysosomal function, and payload‐related resistance. To overcome or prevent resistance to ADCs, innovative development strategies and combination therapy options are being investigated. Analyzing predictive biomarkers for optimal therapy selection may also help to prevent drug resistance.
Catalytic Arylalkylation of Alkenyl Amines at Remote Sites via Directed Nickel Catalysis
Authors: Han Jian , Tang Yinheng , Huang Jie , Luo Chun , Zhang Lanlan , Li Wenyi , Wang Chao
Published: November 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Directing group‐assisted, transition metal‐catalyzed three‐component difunctionalization of alkenes has emerged as a powerful tool to drive molecular complexity. However, this strategy generally works with the substrates bearing directing groups in close proximity to the alkene moieties, due to the preference for formation of kinetically stable five‐membered metallacycles. Herein, we have disclosed a complementary strategy to accomplish a nickel‐catalyzed remote arylalkylation of alkenyl amines with excellent regioselectivity and diastereofidelity, involving rare six‐ or seven‐membered metallacycles. This general protocol is compatible with a series of δ‐ and ε‐alkenyl amines, providing corresponding valuable δ,ε‐ and ε,ζ‐difunctionalized aliphatic amines that would be difficult to synthesize. The coordination of the bidentate picolinamide auxiliary and the facile oxidative addition of alkyl halides to Ni(I) species are the key to the success of the developed remote olefin dicarbofunctionalization.
Distribution and Potential Sources of Surface Aerosol Particles in the Yangtze River Delta Region, China
Authors: Shen Ji , Cao Nianwen , Zhao Yirui
Published: November 2022

Based on meteorological and pollution data from January 2017 to December 2019, in this paper the long‐term distribution of surface aerosol particles, and the interaction between aerosol pollution and meteorological factors in four cities of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region is investigated. The long‐term observation shows the law of typical aerosol pollution characteristics. Meteorological factors are significantly different during aerosol‐polluted and nonpolluted days. The effect of each meteorological factor on aerosol pollution may vary by different seasons and cities. The changes in meteorological factors are not completely consistent during aerosol fine‐mode and coarse‐mode polluted days. To distinguish the possible sources of surface aerosol particles, the potential source contribution function and concentration‐weighted trajectory models are applied to study transport sources. Based on the detailed analyses, this study will provide a reliable basis for further pollution control in the YRD.
Spirocyclic Compounds in Fragrance Chemistry: Synthesis and Olfactory Properties
Authors: Gilles Laure , Antoniotti Sylvain
Published: November 2022

In this Review, both the scientific literature and patents have been analysed to gather, examine and classify synthetic strategies developed to access spirocyclic molecules having olfactory properties of interest for the perfume industry. New structures have been reported at a steady state since 1961 with a particularly intense activity in the 80’s. In the diversity of olfactory properties observed, spirocyclic molecules were found to be quite frequently woody, as well as fruity and ambery, among other tonalities. More recent data reflect the evolution of modern synthetic organic chemistry towards bioinspiration, enantioselective reactions, green and sustainable chemistry and biotechnology.
A Study on Varying the Number of Fluorene Units in 2, 1, 3‐Benzothiadiazole‐Containing Oligomers and the Effect on OLED Performance and Stability
Authors: Lozano‐Hernández Luis‐Abraham , Cameron Joseph , Riggs Christopher J. , Reineke Sebastian , Skabara Peter J.
Published: November 2022

Solution‐processing has the potential to reduce the cost and energy requirements in the fabrication of organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) devices. In non‐doped emissive layers, polymers are commonly used but often suffer from batch‐to‐batch variation. Oligomers, which have precise molecular structures, avoid this problem but maintain the favourable film‐forming properties that polymers possess. We present three benzothiadiazole‐containing fluorene‐based oligomers, BT‐F32, BT‐F42 and BT‐F52, which have terfluorene, quaterfluorene and pentafluorene arms, respectively, attached to a benzothiadiazole core. The materials show very high photoluminescence quantum yields, with BT‐F42 exhibiting the highest PLQY of 0.96 in the thin film. Although there is little change in the electroluminescence spectra, the oligomer size influences device performance. BT‐F32 had an external quantum efficiency of 1.9 % and high luminance whilst BT‐F42 reached an external quantum efficiency of 2.3 %. Furthermore, the stability of the OLED devices was evaluated and showed that the device lifetime decays with increasing molecular length.
Preparation of nano‐pico droplets using an open fibrous system
Authors: Xu Bojie , Chen Xuan , Zhao He , Zhang Zhen , Liu Huan
Published: November 2022

Manipulation and dispensing of ultra‐tiny droplets have attracted extensive research attention for their applications. Current approaches for dispensing liquids normally involve the use of micronozzles and microtips, which, however, suffer from limitations of clogging, high cost, and fragility. Here, we developed a facile open fibrous system for preparing nano‐pico droplets in a facile way, where the macroscopic droplet on a micro‐/nano‐textured copper fiber could be dispersed to a number of tiny droplets by applying and removing a suitable electric potential. The on‐site tunable interfacial energy, imparted by the electrical alterable density and orientation of the water molecules on the interface, leads to fine control of the spreading and retraction of the liquid on a large scale. Meanwhile, the fibrous microporous structure promotes the splitting of the liquid film based on the domain‐limiting effect during the retracting process. As a synergistic consequence, a big droplet firstly spreads completely on the poised fiber into a thin liquid film, which was then split and retracted toward the numerous anchoring points on the textured surface by removing the potential. Consequently, a big droplet can be dispersed into numerous nano‐pico droplets in a controllable way. The strategy is applicable for versatile low‐surface‐energy liquids, offering an innovative open system for continuous preparation of nano‐pico droplets.
A Flexible Sandwich‐Type Hybrid Solid Polymer Electrolyte Enables High‐Temperature of 80 °C Resistant Lithium Metal Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Zheng Jiayi , Guo Qingpeng , Han Yu , Ma Zhongyun , Sun Weiwei , Chen Yufang , Wang Hui , Xie Kai , Zheng Chunman
Published: November 2022

The solid‐state electrolyte is a promising candidate for advancing the dual goals of high energy density and high safety for batteries. However, it is difficult for current solid electrolyte systems to balance the high ion transport, mechanical strength, thermal safety, and electrochemical stability simultaneously, which will greatly restrict their scale‐up and practical applications in batteries. Herein, a sandwich‐type hybrid solid polymer electrolytes (SHSPEs) is prepared via a simple coating method, the gel polymer filled in the middle porous polyethylene (PE) separator endows SHSPEs fast ion transport (7.13 × 10−4 S cm−1, 25 °C) and good mechanical properties (205.67 MPa), while the solid composite polymer layers on both sides ensure adequate lithium‐ion transfer number (0.42), electrochemical and thermal safety stability. The Li//Li symmetric battery with optimized solid electrolyte can circulate steadily for more than 1800 h, especially at 80 °C. For further illustration, the solid‐state LiFePO4//Li cells provide ideal cyclic stability and rate capability, as well as extreme temperature endurance till 80 °C. Thus, this work provides an auspicious strategy to design a safe, high‐strength, high‐energy density battery for high‐temperature special needs.
Efficient and Stable Carbon‐Based All‐Inorganic CsPbIBr2 Perovskite Solar Cells Obtained via Treatment by Biological Active Substance Additive
Authors: Wang Xin , Jing Yu , Zhang Jingyang , Wang Shibo , Liu Xiao , Xu Yuan , Zhang Huayan , Yan Zhongliang , Wu Jihuai , Lan Zhang
Published: November 2022

Stability has always been a major challenge in the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). All‐inorganic perovskite semiconductor materials have attracted much attention in the field and are considered to be the best choice to solve this challenge due to their good thermal stability. However, all‐inorganic perovskite films contain a high density of defects that provide channels for nonradiative recombination of charges and ion transport, which seriously threaten the stability of PSCs. Different defects have corresponding passivation mechanisms. Through the introduction of multifunctional additives, multiple passivation effects can be realized at the same time, and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) can be greatly improved. Herein, the introduction of the small biological molecule (adenosine) as the additive into the perovskite precursor can maximize the passivation mechanisms of Lewis bases. The doping of adenosine improves the crystallinity, reduces the density of trap states and enhances the light absorption, and finally obtains PSCs with the best PCE of 10.24%, which is 30.8% higher than that of the standard device. In addition, adenine is also introduced as a comparative study, and the treated CsPbIBr2 PSC with a PCE of 9.72% is finally obtained.
Donor‐π‐Acceptor N‐Methyl‐4,5‐Diazacarbazole Based Ultra‐High Performance Organic Solar Cells: A Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Sajid Hasnain , Ayub Khurshid , Gilani Mazhar Amjad , Mahmood Tariq
Published: November 2022

Herein, a series of D‐π‐A conjugated molecules based on donor N‐methyl‐4,5‐diazacarbazole with a variety of acceptor end caps are quantum chemically proposed with aim of rational design of novel organic materials applicable in organic solar cells (OSCs) by using ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Herein, the optoelectronic performance of tailored molecules was explored by substituting the bay annulated indigo dye acceptor unit with a variety of molecules including 4‐(5‐methyl‐thiophene‐2‐yl)benzothiadiazole; 1, 2‐(3‐methyl‐5‐methylene‐4‐oxothiazolidin‐2‐ylidene)‐malononitrile; 2, 3‐methyl‐5‐methylene‐2‐thioxothiazolodin‐4‐one; 3, 2‐methylenemalononitrile; 4, 2‐cynaoacryli‐caidmethylester; 5, those are linked through the thiophene bridge. The DFT results encompassed the significant variations of electronic behavior of newly designed molecules (M1‐M5) with respect to the reference molecule, especially in the case of 1, 2, and 3 substitution. The designed molecules exhibit excellent electron transition due to the increasing λ
max toward the higher region. The outcomes of this study proposed the designed molecules as a possible choice in designing efficient optoelectronic materials for OSCs. From the future point of view, this finding suggests that the pre‐synthesis of such hypothetical molecules using quantum mechanics is an effective strategy for designing ideal candidates for solar cell applications.
Lithium Fluoride Assisted Preparation of High‐Performance All‐Inorganic CsPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Huang Jin , Shi Kewang , Chen Chunyang , Wang Hao , Liu Shengzhong
Published: November 2022

All‐inorganic CsPbI3 perovskite is an ideal solar material with an appropriate bandgap (≈1.73 eV) that can be used for the top cell in tandem cells matched to crystalline silicon or low‐bandgap perovskites. Efficient all‐inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) provide the cornerstone for efficient tandem cells. However, all‐inorganic PSCs are less efficient than organic–inorganic hybrids PSCs, and because CsPbI3 is incompatible with water, the stability of perovskite must be improved. Herein, a novel method for preparing efficient and stable PSCs via ionic chemical doping is proposed. Lithium fluoride as an inorganic ionic dopant can control grain growth and get larger grain sizes. The crystal structure, morphology, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of LiF‐doped all‐inorganic perovskite films are studied to determine the relationship between film quality and device performance. The doping of 2 mol% LiF considerably enhances the performance of the device, eliminates the hysteresis effect of the device, and the maximum power conversion efficiency of PSCs is raised to 17.02%. Additionally, device stability is greatly enhanced.
The complexity of spontaneous brain activity changes in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and ADHD was examined using different variations of entropy
Authors: Guan Sihai , Wan Dongyu , Zhao Rong , Canario Edgar , Meng Chun , Biswal Bharat B.
Published: November 2022

Adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia (SCHZ), and bipolar disorder (BP) have common symptoms and differences, and the underlying neural mechanisms are still unclear. This article will thoroughly discuss the differences between ADHD, BP, and SCHZ (31 healthy control and 31 ADHD; 34 healthy control and 34 BP; 42 healthy control and 42 SCHZ) relative to healthy subjects in combination with three atlases (et al., the Brainnetome atlas, the Dosenbach atlas, the Power atlas) and seven entropies (et al., approximate entropy (ApEn), sample entropy (SaEn), permutation entropy (PeEn), fuzzy entropy (FuEn), differential entropy (DiffEn), range entropy (RaEn), and dispersion entropy (DispEn)), as well as the prominent significant brain regions, in the hope of giving information that is more suitable for analyzing different diseases' entropy. First, the reliability (et al., intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]) of seven kinds of entropy is calculated and analyzed by using the MSC dataset (10 subjects and 100 sessions in total) and simulation data; then, seven types of entropy and multiscale entropy expanded based on seven kinds of entropy are used to explore the differences and brain regions of ADHD, BP, and SCHZ relative to healthy subjects; and finally, by verifying the classification performance of the seven information entropies on ADHD, BP, and SCHZ, the effectiveness of the seven entropy methods is evaluated through these three methods. The core brain regions that affect the classification are given, and DiffEn performed best on ADHD, SaEn for BP, and RaEn for SCHZ.
Facing a crisis head‐on: Institutional borrowing decisions during times of uncertainty
Authors: Ward James Dean , Haynes Mya
Published: November 2022

This chapter presents findings from eight interviews with college and university chief financial officers about institutional borrowing practices during periods of uncertainty and crisis.
Transplacental transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoglobulin G antibody to infants from maternal COVID‐19 vaccine immunization before pregnancy
Authors: Yang Yuting , Xing Huiwu , Zhao Yao
Published: November 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccine generates functional antibodies in maternal circulation that are detectable in infants, while the information is restricted to the usage of COVID‐19 vaccine during pregnancy. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of maternal COVID‐19 vaccines before pregnancy. Infants were included from mothers with no inactivated COVID‐19 vaccine, 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐dose before pregnancy, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were tested. Comparative analysis was done between the groups. A total of 130 infants were enrolled in the study. Significantly higher levels of SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG antibodies in infants born to mothers with 3‐dose COVID‐19 vaccine before pregnancy compared with 1‐ and 2‐dose groups (p < 0.0001). The levels of antibodies decreased significantly with age in infants born to mothers with the 3‐dose COVID‐19 vaccine before pregnancy (r = −0.338, p = 0.035), and it was still higher than that 2‐dose COVID‐19 vaccine group. The maternal SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies produced from the inactivated COVID‐19 vaccine before pregnancy can be transferred to newborns via the placenta. Maternal immunization with 3‐dose of the COVID‐19 vaccine before pregnancy could be more beneficial for both mothers and infants.
The effect of adherence to high‐quality dietary pattern on COVID‐19 outcomes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rahmati Masoud , Fatemi Rouholah , Yon Dong Keon , Lee Seung Won , Koyanagi Ai , Il Shin Jae , Smith Lee
Published: November 2022

Dietary quality and patterns may influence SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and outcomes, but scientific data and evidence to support such a role are lacking. Therefore, this meta‐analysis aims to elucidate the effect of prepandemic diet quality on the risk of COVID‐19 infection and hospitalization. PubMed/MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Scopus, and EMBASE were systematically searched for articles published up to September 1, 2022. A systematic review and meta‐analysis were performed to calculate each outcome's risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Five studies including 4 023 663 individuals (3 149 784 high‐quality diet individuals and 873 881 controls) were included in the present meta‐analysis. The effectiveness of high‐quality dietary pattern against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and hospitalization was 28% (95% CI 19%–36%) and 62% (95% CI 25%–80%); respectively. Subgroup analysis based on different levels of diet quality showed no difference between middle and high levels of diet quality in reducing the risk of COVID‐19 infection. Interestingly, subgroup analysis based on the different types of high‐quality diets and the risk of COVID‐19 infection revealed that the effectiveness of plant‐based diet against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was 50% (95% CI 30%–65%); while the effectiveness of Mediterranean diet against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was 22% (95% CI 12%–31%). Adherence to a high‐quality dietary pattern is associated with a lower risk of COVID‐19 infection and hospitalization. More studies are required to confirm these findings, and future studies should determine the biological mechanisms underlying the association between diet quality and risk of COVID‐19 infection.
A high‐accuracy vegetation restoration potential mapping model integrating similar habitat and machine learning
Authors: Meng Xiaoyu , Pi Huawei , Gao Xin , He Panxing , Lei Jiaqiang
Published: November 2022

Vegetation restoration potential (VRP) mapping provides important information for ecosystem restoration planning. However, the inappropriate assumption of traditional models that VRPs are identical within an individual similar habitat unit may result in low accuracy of VRP maps. This study proposes an improved data‐driven model, namely, the similar habitat and machine learning‐based VRP mapping (SHMLVRPM) model. This new model introduces a variety of machine‐learning models to mine information on geographical environment heterogeneity in areas of similar habitat, which helps to improve the accuracy of VRP maps. Taking Yan'an City, Shanxi Province, China as our study area, we demonstrate the modelling process and validate the model. Our results show that the SHMLVRPM model can effectively construct high‐accuracy VRP maps, and its information entropy is approximately 5.8 greater than that derived from the traditional models. The random forest method has the highest prediction accuracy (R2 = 0.8) among the tested machine‐learning methods. The average VRP value of Yan'an is approximately 68%; counties with the low VRP achievement are concentrated in the northern part of Yan'an, only 54%. Our research results can assist policymakers in optimizing vegetation restoration options and promoting the protection and sustainable development of fragile ecosystems.
Cross‐contamination risks in sediment‐based resurrection studies of phytoplankton
Authors: Andersson Björn , Rengefors Karin , Kourtchenko Olga , Johannesson Kerstin , Berglund Olof , Filipsson Helena L.
Published: November 2022

Resurrection studies can answer some fundamental questions in aquatic ecology and evolutionary biology. For phytoplankton resting stages, longevity of thousands to millions of years has recently been reported. However, contamination during sediment sampling could distort these estimates, and this risk has not been systematically evaluated. Here we used 4.5 μm diameter microspheres to quantify contamination while reviving the resting stages of seven abundant estuarine diatom and cyanobacterial taxa. We observed a sharp decline in resting stages abundance from 106(g wet sediment)−1at the surface to < 0.8 (g wet sediment)−1at 12.5 cm depth. Added microspheres (~ 4.5 × 107 cm−2) were translocated even deeper down the sediment and could well explain the vertical distributions and abundances of revived cells. Without this control, we could have claimed to have revived seven multi‐decades to centennial‐old taxa. Our findings suggest that improved contamination controls are needed for sediment core sampling of rare cells, microfossils, or DNA molecules.
Self‐Healing Ability of Poly(PEGMA‐5‐UPy) Evaluated by Thermomechanical Analysis
Authors: Calabrese Elisa , Guadagno Liberata , Raimondo Marialuigia , Sorrentino Andrea , Russo Simona , Longo Pasquale , Mariconda Annaluisa
Published: November 2022

The synthesis and characterization of polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) based copolymers incorporating three different percentages (2.5 wt%, 5.0 wt%, and 7.8 wt%) of urea‐N‐2‐amino‐4‐hydroxy‐6‐methylpyrimidine‐N’‐(hexametylen‐n‐carboxyethyl methacrylate) (HEMA‐UPy) are reported. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared spectroscopy (IR) confirm the synthesis procedure. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) are employed to evaluate the thermal properties of the samples. DSC measurements evidence a slight increase in glass transition temperature (Tg), a consistent increase in crystallization and melting temperatures (Tc and Tm), and a reduction in the crystallization degree (Xc) with increasing the amount of HEMA‐UPy moiety. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) is carried out at different values of temperature and oscillation frequency. It highlights the ability of the healed copolymer to recover the pristine values of storage modulus. The healing efficiency depends on the temperature history of the sample. For the sample healed at room temperature, the value of healing efficiency is 64%. DMA tests performed at higher temperatures, after some permanence at room temperature, evidence higher values in the healing efficiency. This demonstrates that the higher value of the temperature employed during DMA tests determines greater mobility of the chains causing an enhancement in the healing efficiency.
Best practices in surgical and nonsurgical management of head and neck Merkel cell carcinoma: An update
Authors: Duarte‐Bateman Daniela , Shen Alan , Bullock Taylor , Sadeghi Payam , Escandón Joseph M. , Dedkova Eliska , Gastman Brian R.
Published: November 2022

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, highly aggressive cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma. Controversy exists regarding optimal management of MCC as high‐quality randomized studies and clinical trials are limited, and physicians are bound to interpret highly heterogeneous, retrospective literature in their clinical practice. Furthermore, the rising incidence and notably poor prognosis of MCC urges the establishment of best practices for optimal management of the primary tumor and its metastases. Herein, we summarized the relevant evidence and provided an algorithm for decision‐making in MCC management based on the latest 2021 National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines. Additionally, we report current active MCC clinical trials in the United States. The initial management of MCC is dependent upon the pathology of the primary tumor and presence of metastatic disease. Patients with no clinical evidence of regional lymph node involvement generally require sentinel node biopsy (SLNB) while clinically node‐positive patients should undergo fine needle aspiration (FNA) or core biopsy and full imaging workup. If SLNB or FNA/core biopsy are positive, a multidisciplinary team should be assembled to discuss if additional node dissection or adjuvant therapy is necessary. Wide local excision is optimal for primary tumor management and SLNB remains the preferred staging and predictive tool in MCC. The management of MCC has progressively improved in the last decade, particularly due to the establishment of immunotherapy as a new treatment option in advanced MCC. Ongoing trials and prospective studies are needed to further establish the best practices for MCC management.
Wide‐angle beam‐scanning transmitarray antenna with low scan loss
Authors: Song Wenke , Ding Haibing , Cai Yang , Guo Naining , Liu Kegang , Li Sen , Wang Jing , Wang Han , Xue Qianzhong
Published: November 2022

In this letter, a mechanical beam‐scanning transmitarray antenna with a wide scan coverage is presented. A wide‐band element is designed to provide a linear transmission phase shift with a low transmission loss, which comprises a double‐arrow and two orthogonal grid polarizers printed on two substrates. Then, a dual‐beam phase matching method is introduced to reduce the scan loss. To verify the design, a 437‐element transmitarray with a circular aperture (D = 150 mm) is simulated, fabricated, and measured. The measured results indicate that the transmitarray antenna achieves a ±40° scan coverage while keeping a low scan loss (<1.8 dB). The side lobe levels keep lower than −15 dB in the entire scanning range. Moreover, a 1‐dB gain bandwidth of 21% (14–17.2 GHz) can be achieved in terms of boresight radiation, and the measured peak gain is 23.5 dBi at 15 GHz.
Analysis of a Catch-and-Harvest Fishing Contest for Brown Trout Spanning 50+ Years: Long-Term Trends Influenced by Fisheries Management Actions and Angler Behavior
Authors: Mundahl Neal D.
Published: November 2022

Long-term effects of evolving fisheries management, changing angler practices, and stream habitat development on stream trout fisheries in southeastern Minnesota, USA, were examined by analyzing data on >1,000 weekly winners from a single-watershed, catch-and-harvest Brown Trout Salmo trutta fishing contest spanning 54 years. The weights of winning fish declined significantly across the period examined. No-entry weeks increased within the past two decades, corresponding to expanding catch-and-release fishing. The streams that produced winning fish shifted as stream access increased, degraded stream habitat was improved, and various angling restrictions were instituted. Most winning fish were caught with live or preserved bait, although the proportion of winners caught with artificial lures doubled from the 1960s to the 2010s. The interpretation of contest results must consider various angling regulations (e.g., protected slot lengths, artificial lures only, catch and release only) that were placed on some reaches during and after the 1980s, increasing voluntary catch-and-release practices of contemporary anglers, and expanding stream access and habitat improvements within the watershed.
The Relationship between Disturbance Events and Substantial Changes in Stream Conditions on Public Lands in the Inland Pacific Northwest
Authors: Roper Brett , Saunders W. Carl , Ojala Jeffrey V.
Published: November 2022

Hydrologic, terrestrial, and biologic disturbances influence stream channel conditions that are important to the persistence of aquatic biota. Past studies of how disturbance events alter streams have focused on fires, floods, and debris torrents as the magnitude of these events make them easy to detect. This approach has led to a bias in understanding which disturbances are likely to affect stream conditions. To address this concern, we used stream habitat data to identify where a substantial change in stream conditions had occurred and then used photographs of the evaluated reach to determine the disturbance that potentially caused those changes. We evaluated conditions in over 2,000 stream reaches and found that nearly a quarter of them had seen a substantial change in at least one of the five stream channel characteristics (bank-full width, wood frequency, median particle size, pool depth, and bank stability) in the two decades that these streams were monitored. Although many stream reaches were affected by charismatic disturbance events such as fires, floods, and mass wasting, the majority of the substantial changes we observed in channel conditions were related to small-scale disturbances. Mechanisms such as beavers, tree fall, vegetative growth, grazing, and active restoration all played an important role in bringing about large changes in stream channel conditions. While the majority of the disturbances were natural, some channel changes remain tied to anthropogenic activities. Our results suggest that no single sampling approach can be used to evaluate how stream conditions respond to all disturbances as they vary in intensity, over space and time, and based on which stream attribute is measured. By better understanding the full range of possible disturbances, managers should be better able to use such events to improve outcomes for streams and aquatic biota.
Prenatal magnetic resonance imaging of complex female genitourinary system abnormalities, what the fetal medicine specialist needs to know
Authors: Alamo Leonor , Gengler Carole , Hanquinet Sylviane , Rougemont Anne‐Laure , Meuwly Jean‐Yves
Published: November 2022

Complex female genitourinary system anomalies include a wide spectrum of uncommon pathologies, caused from the abnormal separation of the urorectal septum and the urogenital sinus in early embryonic life. The resulting fusion of the distal urinary, genital and intestinal tracts increases the risk of death in utero and alters the normal organ functionality and the quality of life in survivors.

An accurate prenatal identification of these pathologies depends mainly on prior suspicion at ultrasound screening, but also requires a solid knowledge of embryology and familiarity with the different patterns of malformation. Prenatal MRI provides an excellent anatomic evaluation of the fetal anatomy that may improve the diagnosis in complex cases with inconclusive echographic findings. The additional information can help both families and medical teams to better evaluate the severity of the pathology and the postnatal prognosis and therefore to better orientate the management during pregnancy, at delivery and after birth.

This review article describes the embryological basis and the clinical findings of the most relevant pathologies included in the spectrum. It also describes the imaging signs on prenatal MRI studies in a series of confirmed cases and proposes a diagnostic algorithm based on imaging findings for guiding prenatal diagnosis.