bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive processing as a theoretical complex in the cognitive sciences
Authors: Sushchin Mikhail ,   Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2024

The article continues the series of papers devoted to the conception of theoretical complexes in the cognitive sciences. The key theses of the conception of theoretical complexes are used for the assessment of theories and models of predictive processing. The author proposes considering predictive processing as a theoretical complex in the cognitive sciences. The questions about the structure and functions of the complex of predictive processing have been addressed. The author singles out the main assumptions of this complex and points out that predictive processing has a homogenous structure. It has been shown that the main assumptions of the complex promoted further proliferation of predictive theories and models of cognitive and/or mental phenomena, in full accordance with the key theses of the conception of theoretical complexes. At the same time the author concludes that no significant theoretical progress has been made within the complex of predictive processing. It has also been shown that theoretical progress in the cognitive sciences should not be primarily related to the value of unification and that only future empirical studies can show which explanatory strategy (monistic or pluralistic) will turn out to be preferable for the cognitive sciences.
Normativity and the hard problem of content
Authors: Ivanov Dmitry ,   RAS Institute of Philosophy
Published: July 2024

Explaining the nature of conscious states, we are faced with the hard problem of content Facing this problem, we cannot reconcile three theses: F. Brentano’s thesis that all mental states are intentional; the thesis of R. Wedgwood that the intentional is normative, and the thesis of J. McDowell that the normativity of conscious experience arises as the result of education, the acquiring the second nature. To overcome this difficulty, it is proposed to turn to L.S. Vygotsky’s ideas about the formation of higher mental functions. Assuming the existence of instrumental thinking in animals, we allow elements of normativity and freedom in their conscious activity. However, the freedom of action of animals is limited by the visual field. A child achieves independence from the perceptual field, mastering sign activity. Mastering this type of activity, which is obviously normative, is an example of the extension of cognition. The article states that the acquisition of the second nature depends precisely on the development of the ability to operate with signs. McDowell’s idea that the acquisition of the second nature is associated with the development of conceptual abilities reflects only the last stage of the child's development, when he masters work with abstract (scientific) concepts. The proposed reflections allow us to solve the problem of reconciliation of the above theses. However, the hard problem of content does not disappear, since the proposed view on the problem of content and normativity involves a revision of the foundations of naturalism and the assumption that the actions of living beings are determined primarily by the meanings that are already present in the world.
Communicative approach to the evaluation criteria analysis of the social significance of the artificial intelligence development
Authors: Dubrovsky David ,   RAS Institute of Philosophy
Published: July 2024

The communicative approach is an analysis of the information process involving the participation of various social actors in their relationship with each other (the phenomenon of polysubjectivity), but at the same time with artificial intelligence (AI) systems. At the same time. the positive and negative aspects of the impact of AI innovations on social activity are being clarified. Acts of communication are carried out in the form of informational causality, which differs from physical causality, but does not contradict it. The analysis of the specifics of informational causality due to the principles of isofunctionalism of systems and the invariance of information in relation to the physical properties of its carrier is carried out. It is shown that psychic (mental) causality is a type of informational causality and thereby receives a scientific explanation based on the informational approach. This entirely relates to the explanation of information management and mental management, which allows us to more thoroughly comprehend their role in the cognitive, communicative, practical activities of a social subject and, as shown in the article, opens up wider opportunities for solving questions about the socio-humanitarian foundations of the criteria for evaluating innovations using AI achievements and digitalization methods.
“Awakening Thought”. Review on: Pavluchenkov N.N. Theology of Unity: from F.W.J. Schelling to the Priest P.A. Florensky. Moscow: “Izd-vo PSTGU” publ., 2023. – 608 pp.
Authors: Nofal Faris ,   RAS Institute of Philosophy
Published: July 2024

The review presents the reader with a monograph by a Russian historian and theologian, PhD in Philosophy and Theology, Senior Fellow of the Center for the History of Theology and Theological Education (Orthodox St. Tikhon Humanitarian University) Nikolay N. Pavluchenkov. The book of the scientist (“Theology of Unity: from Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling to the priest Pavel A. Florensky”, 2023) is characterized by the author of the review as a significant contribution to the Russian philosophy studies and, in particular, the heritage of the priest Pavel A. Florensky (1882–1937). Appreciating the impressive textological base of the volume and the fundamental work of its author, the reviewer is trying to reveal the theoretical potential of the work: he discusses not only the methodological prerequisites for the study, but also the prospect of using the latter in the religious and philosophical polemics of the 21st century. Separately, the review raises the question of the problems of explicating the influence of Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling (1775–1854) on certain concepts of Russian thinkers in 18th–20th centuries.
Fracture Prepropping and Temporary Plugging for Formation Damage Control in Deep Naturally Fractured Tight Reservoirs
Authors: Xu Chengyuan , Xie Jun , Kang Yili , Liu Lei , Guo Kun , Xue Dan , You Zhenjiang
Published: July 2024

To address the challenges of formation damage related to drill-in fluid loss into deep reservoir fractures during the drill-in process, we propose pre-propping and temporary plugging (PPTP) technology as an integrated solution in this paper. The PPTP approach combines high-strength bridging (HSB) materials with self-degrading filling (SDF) materials for efficient fracture plugging during lost circulation and effective fracture propping during oil and gas production from deep naturally fractured reservoirs. HSB material with good mechanical properties and SDF material with a controllable degradation cycle are developed and systematically evaluated. Fracture plugging tests and stress sensitivity experiments are conducted to evaluate the transformation effect of fracture plugging zones on fracture propping zones. Research results show that the developed HSB material exhibits a high compressive capacity and friction coefficient, which maintains a crushing rate below 3% under 60 MPa pressure and an average friction coefficient of 1.56. The degradation ratio of SDF material increases with temperature and pH value. The degradation cycle can reach up to 168 hours under the conditions of 120°C and pH = 13, which ensures continuous stable fracture plugging and lost-circulation control during the drill-in process. The PPTP technology, combining HSB and SDF components, efficiently plugs fractures with widths ranging from 1.0 mm to 3.0 mm, with a maximum plugging pressure of up to 10.16 MPa. HSB material props the fractures after SDF degrades, preventing fracture closure and converting the fracture plugging zone into a propping zone. The stress sensitivity damage of reservoir fractures can be effectively mitigated, preserving and enhancing fracture conductivity. Thus, the PPTP technology shows great potential for the integration solution of drill-in fluid loss and formation damage in deep naturally fractured reservoirs.
Deciphering the Causal Influence of BMI and related Metabolic, Inflammatory, and Cardiovascular Factors on Brain Structure: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Opel Nils , Painter Jodie , Refisch Alexander , Rau Moritz , Walther Martin , Mackey Scott , Laurent Jennifer , Thompson Paul , Grasby Katrina , Hajek Tomas , Medland Sarah
Published: July 2024

Obesity is a highly prevalent metabolic risk factor that commonly coincides with additional metabolic, cardiovascular, and inflammatory abnormalities. Obesity has frequently been shown to affect brain physiology at multiple levels, and to increase the risk for the development of neuropsychiatric disorders such as major depression and dementia. Previous large-scale neuroimaging research has consistently shown overlapping brain structural alterations in obesity and neuropsychiatric disorders, with the most pronounced alterations being lower cortical thickness in the frontal and temporal cortex. Yet, the direction of association, and the potential causal effect of obesity on brain structural decline, remains unclear. Moreover, it is imperative to determine which of the multifaceted biological systems impacted by obesity, encompassing metabolic, cardiovascular, and inflammatory aspects, may be implicated in the link between obesity and brain structural decline. In this study, we employed univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization (MR) as an instrumental variable (IV) approach to clarify the causal direction of the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and brain structure and to disentangle the metabolic, cardiovascular, and inflammatory factors that might underlie this relationship. We found evidence for a potential causal influence of elevated BMI on lower cortical thickness, with most prominent effects in frontal and temporal regions. We furthermore found a concurrent association of the inflammatory serum marker CRP and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) with lower cortical thickness, both globally and regionally across brain regions, largely overlapping with those associated with increased BMI. In contrast, very few associations with cortical thickness emerged for blood pressure or metabolic serum markers. Our findings thus corroborate the notion of a causal effect of BMI on lower cortical thickness and indicate low-grade inflammation as a potential candidate mechanism implicated in this relationship. Future research should aim to delineate if and how the BMI related effect on brain structural decline conveys an increased risk for the development of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Toward best practices for detecting germline small variants: a large-scale real-world WES benchmarking study using the Quartet DNA reference materials
Authors: Zheng Yuanting , Ren Luyao , Zhang Yuanfeng , Gao Yuechen , Peng Rongxue , Wang Duo , Zhao Jiaxin , Ma Yu , Liu Yaqing , Shi Leming , Li Jinming , Zhang Rui
Published: July 2024

Whole-exome sequencing (WES) plays a crucial role in diagnosing genetic diseases by identifying germline variants. However, reproducibility issues limit its clinical utility. We conducted a large-scale proficiency test across 89 clinical and commercial labs in China, employing the well-characterized Quartet DNA reference materials, to evaluate the impact of experimental and bioinformatic factors on the performance of small variant detection. We observed significant variability in sequencing data quality and variant calling performance, with higher raw read quality and lower contamination levels improved variant detection. Our findings emphasized the collective influence of multiple factors on variant detection, with capture efficiency metrics, such as fold-80 penalty, on-target rate, and target region coverage, instead of base-by-base quality metrics on raw sequences, emerging as the most critical. Our study not only revealed the nationwide performance of WES in China, but also provided actionable best practices for optimizing the entire WES process, from data generation to analysis, thereby enhancing variant detection quality and reliability.
The Impact of Bleomycin Test Doses on the Development of Acute Hypersensitivity Reactions
Authors: Marjoncu Dennis , Holman Kori
Published: July 2024

Purpose
Hypersensitivity reactions are a side effect of bleomycin. Test doses have been utilized to attempt to predict patients that would develop these reactions. Despite this, there is scant data available on whether these test doses actually predict the development of reactions. Commonly cited literature relies on lack of reporting of hypersensitivity reactions, rather than comparative data, to claim test doses may not be beneficial. The purpose of this analysis was to compare patients who received test doses against those who did not in the development of bleomycin hypersensitivity reactions.
Methods
77 patients who had received bleomycin as part of their chemotherapy regimen were included in this retrospective analysis. Patients were stratified based on the receipt of a bleomycin test dose (either 1 or 2 units given prior to the full dose). The presence of hypersensitivities were assessed by documentation of emergency medications in the medical record shortly after bleomycin administration or through documentation by a provider note.
Results
There were no reactions reported with any of the 84 test doses administered. With the full dose of bleomycin administered, hypersensitivity reactions occurred in 3 patients in the test dose arm (5.5%) compared to no patients in the group that did not receive a test dose. Despite this difference, there was no statistical difference between the two arms (p = 0.264).
Conclusion
In this study, we observed no relation between a negative bleomycin test dose and the development of acute hypersensitivity reaction. Interestingly, there was a higher numerical incidence of hypersensitivity reactions in patients who received a test dose than those who did not receive a test dose, though this was not statistically significant. Larger studies would need to be conducted to verify these findings.
Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth with Class II Restorations Restored with New Short Fiber-reinforced Composite: An in-vitro study
Authors: sairafi Bashar , Farran Alaa
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with new short fiber-reinforced composite (SFRC) restorations and compared it with flowable bulk-fill composite when used in the same way. Forty extracted first maxillary premolars were collected and distributed randomly into four groups (n = 10). Root Canal Treatments and MOD coronal preparations were done in three groups since group 1 had solid teeth. Two groups were restored with one of the study materials, group 3 was restored with Ever X Flow composite, and group 4 was restored with tetric n-flow bulk fill, whereas group 2 was left without canal obturation or coronal restoration. Composites were applied in a 4 mm layer, and a conventional composite layer was applied in a 2 mm thickness as an enamel replacement. Compression load test was done for all groups, and then data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests. Results showed that the Ever X Flow group had the highest mean of the compression load test, significantly different from group 2, and not significantly different from the other two groups (p > 0.05). The use of flowable SFRC as a restorative material without using fiber posts or other cores may achieve a good result and enhance the fracture resistance of treated teeth.
Osteoarticular prosthetic infection: how many patients are eligible for phage therapy? A French single-centre retrospective study
Authors: Ambroise LE POGAM , MEDINA Fernanda , BELKACEM Anna , RAFFETIN Alice , JAAFAR Danielle , WODECKI Philippe , CORLOUER Camille , DUBLANCHET Alain , CARAUX-PAZ Pauline , DIALLO Kevin
Published: July 2024

Background.
Bone and joint infections represent a major public health issue due to their increasing prevalence, their functional prognosis and their cost to society. Phage therapy has valuable anti-biofilm properties against prosthetic joint infections (PJI). The aim of this study was to establish the proportion of patients eligible for phage therapy and to assess their clinical outcome judged against all patients presenting with PJI.
Method
Patients admitted for PJI in a French general hospital between 2015 and 2019 were retrospectively included. The eligibility for phage therapy was defined as complex PJI criteria according to French recommendations with no contraindications. Patients were sorted into two groups: eligible and ineligible.
Results
In this study, 96 patients with PJI were considered in multidisciplinary medical meetings. Of these, 44% patients (42/96) were eligible for additional phage therapy. This group of patients had a longer hospital stay (43 days vs. 18 days, p < 0.01) and a longer intravenous antibiotic therapy (17 days vs. 10 days, p = 0.02).
Conclusion
A large number of patients met eligibility criteria for phage therapy and treatment and follow-up is more complex. A larger epidemiological study would more accurately describe the prognosis of eligible patients.
Pilot Study of Soil Improvement Technology for Iron Tailings
Authors: Sui Shumei , Zhao Yabo , Hai Long , Fan Guoli
Published: July 2024

In order to study the effect of different ratios of improver on the physicochemical properties of iron tailings, so that the physicochemical properties and growth environment of iron tailings are suitable for plant growth. In this paper, the properties of iron tailings were optimized by replacing the natural soil with iron tailings and rice husk and organic fertilizer as the improvers, and the improvement effects of slope protection substrates with different ratios were studied, and the physicochemical properties and plant growth states of slope protection substrates with different ratios were tested and analyzed. The results showed that: (1) Organic fertilizer and rice husk could reduce the density of the substrate and increase the total porosity, neutralize the alkalinity of iron tailings, reduce the pH value of iron tailings, and gradually reduce the pH value of the substrate to the suitable range for plant growth on the 10th day with the passage of time. (2) The water-holding capacity of the slope protection substrate was positively correlated with the content of rice husk, and with the increase of rice husk, the water-holding capacity of the slope protection substrate was significantly improved, which effectively improved the loose and porous nature of iron tailings structure. (3) The shear strength of the substrate was the best in groups I and II., and the cohesiveness reached its peak in group II., and decreased sharply with the increase of rice husk. The internal friction angle showed a decreasing trend with the increase of rice husk. It can be seen from the relationship between the moisture content and the cohesion of the substrate that the cohesion of the substrate increases first and then decreases with the increase of moisture content, and the internal friction angle fluctuates less with the increase of moisture content. (4) The optimal ratio scheme is: 100g of iron tailings, 8g of organic fertilizer, and 0.8g of rice husk. The experimental results provide reference value and guiding significance for the ecological restoration of iron tailings.
Impact of Rock Content and Distribution on the Stability of Soil-Rock Mixture Embankments: Insights from Static Load Experiments
Authors: Qiu Zhenfeng , Liu Yan , Tang Shenlin , Meng Qi , Wang Junjie
Published: July 2024

Soil-rock mixture (SRM) embankments are essential for infrastructure stability, particularly in high-fill construction projects. This study evaluates the effects of rock content and spatial distribution of rock blocks on the bearing capacity, stability, and failure sliding surfaces of SRM embankments through static load model tests. We developed an ESRD equation to calculate sliding surfaces based on rock content and distribution.. The results demonstrate that rock content significantly influences embankment stability. When rock content is below 60%, the shear outlet position of the sliding surface increases, and its curvature decreases as rock content rises, thereby enhancing the bearing capacity. Beyond 60% rock content, the internal structure densifies, markedly improving stability, although further increases yield diminishing returns. Additionally, the spatial distribution of rock blocks is crucial; concentrating rock blocks at the slope crest or toe enhances stability, while distributing them in the middle reduces it. These findings offer practical guidance for optimizing the design and construction of SRM embankments, emphasizing the importance of appropriate rock content and spatial distribution to achieve enhanced stability and safety.
Differences in women’s experiences of labour according to type of fetal monitoring: a quantitative analysis of an Australian national survey
Authors: Levett Kate , Fox Deborah , Bamhare Panashe , Coddington Rebecca , Sutcliffe Kerry , Newnham Elizabeth , Scarf Vanessa
Published: July 2024

INTRO: While monitoring of the fetal heart rate in labour is recommended, few studies have compared women’s experiences of different forms of monitoring technologies, their impact on labour and perceived risks and benefits. METHODS: The Women’s experiences of Monitoring Baby (WOMB) study, an Australian national survey, examined experiences of intrapartum fetal monitoring in labour. This study is a quantitative analysis of selected survey responses received. RESULTS: We received 861 valid responses. The most common form of monitoring across all hospital settings was wired CTG, which was significantly more likely for primiparous women (p < 0.001), and at private hospitals in a metropolitan area (p < 0.001). Women who were monitored via wired CTG were more likely to use pharmacological pain management, and have an emergency caesarean section, including when epidural was controlled for (p < 0.001). Women who were monitored via intermittent auscultation were more likely to use non-pharmacological techniques such as mobility (p < 0.001) and supportive care (p < .01), and more likely to have a vaginal birth (p < 0.001). Women monitored via wired CTG were also more likely to ‘agree’ or ‘strongly agree’ that monitoring had a negative impact on their labour (p < .01). CONCLUSION: This study has substantial implications for research, policy and practice, including the implementation of less invasive and more humanised forms of fetal monitoring. The promotion of freedom of movement and bodily autonomy in labour is essential. This includes implementation of evidence-based practices and information about methods of fetal monitoring that support woman-centred care and optimise physiological processes.
Intrinsically Interpretable Decision Trees for Healthcare Applications
Authors: Drousiotis Efthyvoulos , Joyce Dan , Varsi Alessandro , Spirakis Paul , Maskell Simon
Published: July 2024

The deployment of machine learning for high-stakes decision support may demand algorithms that are intrinsically interpretable so that a model can be interrogated by a user to understand how the model arrived at an output given an input. Decision trees exemplify intrinsically interpretable machine learning but to achieve acceptable performance they rely on ensemble methods which sacrifice their interpretability because there is no single, or ‘canonical’ tree for the user to inspect. Sequential Monte Carlo Decision Trees are a novel method for training populations of decision trees that do not rely on ensembles or subspace sampling and achieve comparable performance to other tree-based methods. With SMC-DTs, each of the population of trees are trained on the entire feature space and each is a candidate for an intrinsically interpretable canonical decision tree. In this paper, we propose a tree-similarity algorithm to assist a user in choosing a final, canonical high-performing tree that is consistent (in structure) with other high-performing candidate trees. This enables the user to reduce the pool of candidates to a small number that can be inspected to select a final tree for deployment. We show that SMC-DTs are competitive with well-established methods Random Forest, Extreme Gradient Boosting Trees and Classification and Regression Trees on four benchmark health-related data sets. We then demonstrate the combination of SMC-DTs with the tree similarity method to derive and present an interpretable decision tree to identify university students likely to experience suicidal ideation using summary and administrative data university welfare services would be able to access for their students (i.e. without detailed clinical information). We conclude that combining SMC-DTs with tree-similarity offers a plausible way of delivering intrinsic interpretability for use in mixed-data type tabular data sets.
WITHDRAWN: Are the reproductive results of ejaculate obtained on the morning of TESE more successful than those of TESE?
Authors: Mert Sule Atalay
Published: July 2024

Objectives: This study compared outcomes between oligo-asthenoterathozospermia (OAT) patients who underwentmicrosurgical testicular sperm extraction (m-TESE) due to recurrent assisted reproduction (ART) failureand patients in whomm-TESE was canceled because motile spermatozoa were found in the ejaculate.
Methods: This retrospective study examined the outcomes of couples who underwent ICSI using either ejaculate or m-TESE due to OAT between November 2016 and January 2024. The study analyzed 172 couples: 66 in the ejaculate group (Group 1) and 106 in the m-TESE group (Group 2). All patients had fewer than 1 million spermatozoa, with or without less than 1% normal sperm morphology, and less than 5% progressive motility in subsequent two semen analyses.
Results: Of the 106 patients, 69.81% (n = 74) had a sperm retrieval rate (SRR). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of female age (p = 0.590), male age (p = 0.782). On the 3rd day, the embryo transfer rate was significantly higherin the m-TESE group (32.2% vs. 8.3%, p = 0.003), whereas on the 5th day, the embryo transfer and FET cycle rates were higher in the ejaculate group (61.7% vs. 37.9%, p = 0.015). The overall pregnancy rate (59.1% vs. 33%, p = 0.001) and overall live birth rate (37.9% vs. 22.6%, p = 0.031) were significantly higher in the ejaculate group.
Conclusion: The reproductive success of ejaculate was higher than m-TESE. Recommending ICSI with ejaculate before m-TESE can be considered even in severe OAT patients who have recurrent ART/ICSI failure.
Development of a model for assessing the technical condition of Baghdad bridges
Authors: Al-Janabi M. A.
Published: July 2024

The research aims to develop a significant model for assessing the condition of bridges. This model may serve as a supplementary source of information in determining bridge condition ratings not only in Baghdad, but also in other regions with similar operating conditions. The authors also used the methods of mathematical statistics, probability theory, and mathematical theory of planning to conduct an experiment using the results of bridge survey. Currently, the Commission on Audit uses financial depreciation models to determine the service life of structures, with no alternative formulas available for predicting this parameter in the country. Therefore, the authors consider a new approach on the basis of available research on depreciation models. This approach is based on assessment of the condition of 30 structural elements of a bridge, as well as the results of inspections conducted by the Department of Public Works and Highway Bridges. The purpose was to determine the applicability of available data as meaningful variables in identifying a regression model to predict the condition of such bridges in Baghdad. Statistical data for determining the coefficients and dependent variables provided a relevant model for bridge condition assessment, which can be applied to identify the technical state of bridge structures.
Analysis of the technical condition of building structures on the example of a feed preparation workshop
Authors: Kostarev S. N. , Sereda T. G.
Published: July 2024

The article aims to develop an instrumental model for a complex assessment of building structures that are subject to changes during their life-cycle process. This model can be used to substantiate the need either to reconstruct the existing building structures with the purpose of creating favorable living conditions or to demolish the building. The research methodology involved the general theory of systems and available techniques for estimating the state of building structures. Brick walls were tested by a nondestructive method using an IPS-MG-4.03 meter. Gypsum block masonry walls were tested by an ONIKS- 2.5 meter. Concrete was tested by an OMSh-1 hardness tester. Bellman dynamic programming was used to optimize the calculations and to find a solution for optimizing reconstruction costs. An example of assessing the condition of a building construction is provided, along with measures for extending its lifecycle. A conclusion is made that evaluation of the reliable operation of a building structure should consider the integral condition of the basic load-bearing structures under the action of environmental factors. This allows the risks of building destruction and the costs of building reconstruction to be reduced. For evaluating the current condition of the building under study, its structure was divided into a number of elements: foundation, wall box, floor slabs, roof. The hydrogeological parameters of the soil were also considered. Basing on the wear of building elements, the weakening coefficients of the building were calculated. The transient states of the system were described by semi-Markov processes. The results obtained can be used when evaluating the building residual life, selecting measures for improving the durability of structures with high wear and tear, and justifying the renovation concepts of territories.
Priority directions in the design of a youth culture and leisure center in Khuzhir settlement
Authors: Bol’shakov A. G. , Druzhinina I. E. , Saakian K. D.
Published: July 2024

We consider the relevance and importance of creating a youth culture and leisure center in the rural locality of Khuzhir. To this end, the results of sociological surveys among the population of the Olkhonsky District and young people of the Russian Federation, who form the main target audience of the youth center, were used. The research also involved a review of electronic sources and publications on the design of culture and leisure centers in the settlements of the Baikal coastal area, statistical data on tourism activities in the area of Olkhon Island and additional education initiatives in Russia, sociological surveys among Olkhon population and residents of the Russian Federation and CIS countries. A review of project proposals for the organization of leisure, culture, and education institutions in rural areas of Pribaikalye was carried out. All these findings were used to identify the main requirements to a youth center in Khuzhir. The analysis of priority areas in the field of additional education specified at the end of 2022 in Russia and the Siberian Federal District was used to determine a set of functions to be performed by the center. The results also formed the basis for the selection of similar objects of domestic and foreign experience for analysis and determination of the most optimal architectural and planning solutions of the designed center. The key stages in the organization of a youth culture and leisure center in Khuzhir were determined taking the needs of the target audience into account.
Architectonics of residential buildings in the Baikal region as part of its geosystem
Authors: Salandaeva O. I.
Published: July 2024

Research into the development principles of residential areas in the natural and climatic conditions of the Baikal region, taking into account various interactions within the geosystem under seismic conditions, contributes to harmonizing the constituent and interconnected geosystem components. These include natural territorial, socio-economic, and natural-public spatial systems. Such research is aimed at improving the quality of architecture of residential buildings, ensuring their sustainability and comfort for different population groups. This article investigates the multi-stage structure of a materially organized and life-supporting spatial environment considering changes in socio-economic conditions. Natural, territorial, and urban planning components that determine the formation of sustainable residential buildings meeting the modern architectural requirements were investigated. This enabled the theoretical foundations of the geosystem structure to be revealed. The historical experience of forming residential environment, residential buildings, and their complexes both in Russia and abroad was studied. The main interrelated factors in the development of the architecture of residential buildings and their complexes in the geosystem were determined. These include the dynamics of spatial and temporal development of residential buildings and their complexes, the impact of such development on the processes of component interaction, and the interrelation of residential buildings and their complexes in the geosystem structure. Conceptual directions in the formation of residential buildings and their complexes under the existing and changing conditions of the Baikal region geosystem, including those regulated and self-regulated, are outlined.
OTOBİYOGRAFİK BELLEĞİN KIBRIS KONULU ÇOCUK ROMANLARINA YANSIMASI: DEREDEN TEPEDEN DERELİKÖY’DEN ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Sınar Uğurlu Alev
Published: July 2024

Kişinin kendi yaşantısının kaydını tutan otobiyografik bellek, yaşantıların insanın duygu ve düşünce dünyasındaki izlerini yansıtır. İçinde pek çok hikâye barındıran otobiyografik anılar romanın kurgusal dünyasını inşa etmek için son derece elverişlidir. Otobiyografik bellek bir toplumun tarihî dönemeçlerinden birine yapılan tanıklığın verilerini depolamışsa, bireysel bellekten süzülen anılar tarihî bir anlam yüklenir. Aysel Gürmen’in Dereden Tepeden Dereliköy’den adlı anı-romanı otobiyografik belleğin çocuk romanına malzeme teşkili açısından dikkate değer bir örnektir. Kitap, içlerinde 13 yaşında bir çocuğun da bulunduğu 5 kişinin şehadeti ile sonuçlanan Arpalık katliamını hem Dereliköy hem de Arpalık’ta yaşananlara odaklanarak anlatmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 6 Şubat 1964 tarihinde yaşanan Arpalık saldırısının travmatik anıların hatırlama yoluyla aktarıldığı ve çocuğa tarih bilinci, kimlik, aidiyet, sevgi saygı, yardımseverlik, sorumluluk, dayanışma, millî birlik ve beraberlik gibi değerleri kazandırabilecek Dereden Tepeden Dereliköy’den adlı anı-roman otobiyografik bellek ve çocuk edebiyatı bağlamında değerlendirilmiştir.
Stereotypical Images of the Great Patriotic War: Repressed Commanders of the Red Army
Authors: Shults E. E. ,   Moscow State Linguistic University
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the problem of readiness of the Red Army for war from the point of view of personnel of the command staff. The problem of contemporary perception of images of the Great Patriotic War has many facets and unconditional relevance, both for public thought and for science. One of the main stereotypes about the Great Patriotic War, launched in the mid-1950s and which is perhaps the most tenacious and influential both on public thought and on scientific searches and reasoning, was the idea of the problems of the Red Army in the early years of the war in connection with the destroyed command staff of the army. The problem of the quality of command personnel as of June 22, 1941 is linked to the repressions in the Red Army of 1937–39, which destroyed the color of the army, the low level of the grown command staff and the small experience of this new command staff. These problems and their possible impact on the combat capability of the Red Army are analyzed in this article. The author considers the figures of repression in the Red Army 1937–39, losses among the command staff of the Red Army in the first months of the war, German losses, the reality of the correlation of losses and capabilities of the Red Army, analyzes historical sources and criticizes one-sided selection in support of ready-made opinion, the most popular in public consciousness. In favor of such conclusions are the losses of the Red Army and the Wehrmacht in the first six months of the war, the level of generals of the Red Army and data on the grassroots and medium command personnel.
Pre-conscription Training and Activities of Military Sports Committees in the Crimea during the World War I
Authors: Mutiyev A. V. ,   V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University
Published: July 2024

The role of Military Sports Committees in the pre-conscription training of young people of the Crimea during the World War I is considered. It is established that the Military Sports Committees organized in Simferopol, Sevastopol and Feodosia cities, have made a significant contribution to the organization of pre-conscription training of young people and have established close ties with existing city sports societies and men’s educational institutions. The committees included heads of educational institutions, representatives of the civil and military administration of the Crimean Peninsula and persons actively assisting the committee in solving its tasks. For the purpose of pre-conscription training, teams of pre-conscripts were formed under the guidance of experienced instructors-officers, sports competitions were organized, the construction of sports facilities was initiated, physical education and military-physical training of high school students of gymnasiums and colleges of the Crimea were activated. The Military Sports Committees worked together with the Sevastopol Сlub of Sports Enthusiasts, the Simferopol Society for the Promotion of Physical Development and Sports, school sports clubs of Crimean cities gymnasiums and colleges. As a result to the efforts of the Committee, sports such as rowing, swimming, athletics, cycling, horse riding, football have been further developed on the Crimean Peninsula. The Committees provided material and methodological assistance to educational institutions in conducting classes with high school students in gymnastics, military formation and shooting. The political events connected with the February Revolution at the beginning of 1917 practically stopped the activities of Military Sports Committees and stopped the work on military physical training of young people in the Crimea, however, the accumulated practical experience formed the basis for the further development of the pre-conscription training system already in Soviet times.
The Chemistry of Cave Ice: Two Examples from Slovenia
Authors: Smith Devin F. , Lyons W. Berry , Welch Susan A. , Zorn Matija , Tičar Jure , Lipar Matej , Carey Anne E.
Published: July 2024

Cave ice can contain a wealth of paleo-climatic and geochemical information that is rapidly being lost with the melting of the temperate zone cryosphere. The karst areas of Slovenia host over 260 ice caves. We collected samples for stable water isotope, major ion, and nutrient analyses from two Slovenian ice caves. Samples included two shallow ice cores in Snežna Cave, collected ∼5 m apart, and an ice face profile in Ivačičeva Cave. All ice isotopic ratios reflected modern precipitation that could be described by high-elevation meteoric water lines. An offset suggested that fractionation and mixing processes of melted ice affected the isotopic signals. Cation concentrations of ice in both caves showed Ca ≫ Mg > Na > K. The high Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents and elevated HCO3− concentrations indicate that CaCO3 dissolution within the local karst landscape is a primary control on ice chemistry. Low concentrations and inconsistent profile patterns of other major ions and nutrients suggest atmospheric deposition and vadose zone leaching were also primary sources of ions to the ice. Differences in Cl− and SO42− profile concentrations at similar depths in Snežna Cave imply that ice melting, water mixing, and re-freezing processes can affect the primary climatic signal stored in the ice. While temperate ice caves can be repositories of climatic information, secondary diagenetic processes that affect ice chemical composition alter the original signal. In addition to chemical analysis, physical processes within the caves must be studied at a small spatial scale to understand and interpret ice chemistry.
Disparidades económico-territoriales de las principales aglomeraciones urbanas de la región centro del estado de Guanajuato (México)
Authors: Suárez Paniagua Susana
Published: July 2024

En este artículo se examinan las disparidades económicas y territoriales de las principales aglomeraciones urbanas de la región central del estado de Guanajuato (México) como resultado del modelo de liberalización comercial. Se usan datos de exportaciones e importaciones, aportaciones al producto interno bruto estatal, al producto interno bruto per cápita, indicadores de esperanza de vida al nacer, tasa de mortalidad infantil, promedio de años de escolaridad y población en condición de pobreza monetaria. Se adopta la metodología propuesta por la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos con la que se obtiene el índice de apertura comercial de un territorio, igualmente la de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe para analizar las disparidades territoriales calculando el índice territorial de condiciones generales de vida. Un hallazgo importante consiste en que el modelo económico ha propiciado contradicciones entre el comportamiento de las variables económicas y el de las variables sociales entre las aglomeraciones, pero también al interior de cada una de ellas. Se presentan los lineamientos de una nueva gestión urbana desde el enfoque territorial del desarrollo y se propone la adopción de éstos a fin de promover un mayor equilibrio económico y social y entre las distintas aglomeraciones.
Effective teacher and effective teaching practices: literature perspective and learning experience. Qualitative study between Italy and Spain (part. II)
Authors: Del Pilar Alcolea Pina Maria , Formella Zbigniew
Published: July 2024

This second part of work presents the information gathered from both theoretical (disciplinary perspective) and empirical (student perspective) sources. It compares the documentary analysis based on bibliographic review with the students' voice, which is examined through Atlas.ti-V22 program. Finally, two tables synthesis below compares scientific and student perspectives, initially in a positive sense (table 3) and then in a negative one (table 4).  We propose that quality as effectiveness is also quality as internal transformation: students should be able to report whether they have made qualitative progress, that is why the teacher should ask them and listen to them to improve the educational process.
Promoting the Well-Being Of the Elderly: Implications for Geragogy from Martin E. P. Seligman’s Concept Of Well-Being and other Selected Theories
Authors: Leszczyńska-Rejchert Anna
Published: July 2024

W artykule przedmiotem analizy jest zagadnienie wspierania dobrostanu ludzi starszych (tj. osób mających 60 i więcej lat) rozpatrywane z punktu widzenia geragogiki jako subdyscypliny pedagogicznej analizującej edukacyjne aspekty starości i starzenia się człowieka. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie możliwości wspierania dobrostanu osób starszych w ramach oddziaływań geragogów. Teoretyczną ramę interpretacyjną stanowi tu koncepcja dobrostanu sformułowana przez Martina E. P. Seligmana, która opiera się na pięciu elementach, tj. pozytywnych emocjach i związkach, pochłonięciu oraz poczuciu sensu i osiągnięcia. Aby sformułować wskazania pod adresem praktyki skoncentrowanej na wspieraniu dobrostanu osób starszych posłużono się też koncepcją pozytywnego starzenia się. Obie koncepcje bowiem mają swoje źródła w psychologii pozytywnej i wzajemnie się dopełniają, stanowiąc niezwykle ważne inspiracje dla geragogiki. W tekście nawiązano również do innych teorii z zakresu nauk społecznych, m.in. teorii socjoemocjonalnej selektywności, teorii psychospołecznego rozwoju, teorii wychowania do starości oraz teorii wsparcia społecznego.
Secular and Spiritual Gratitude: Impacts on Mood, Stress, Spirituality and Sense of Gratitude
Authors: Clausen Kendall , Denhartog Jalen , Snow Tobias , Toussaint Loren
Published: July 2024

In times of stress, the tendency for our aspects of well-being, such as happiness, to decline becomes default. To combat this, some individuals practice gratitude, and others may seek support from a Higher Power (Krause, N. & Hayward, D. R. 2012; Llenares et al., 2020; Rosmarin et al., 2012). In this study, we recruited participants via social media and tasked them with the writing of a gratitude letter in either a secular or spiritual context. We hypothesized these groups would show impacts on mood, stress levels, spirituality, and gratitude. From our analyses, we found significant results in mood and spirituality between the three groups, yet gratitude and stress did not show any significant changes.
Correlation between Yokohama Cytological Coding and Radiological Findings and Their Diagnostic Accuracies against Histopathology: A Retrospective Study of Palpable Breast Lesions
Authors: Singh Puja , Badlani Bharti , Dehariya Chanchalesh , Joher Munira Murtaza
Published: July 2024

Background: Breast carcinoma is the most common malignancy and demands quick and accurate diagnosis and treatment. Precise diagnosis of breast lesions is made using a triple-test approach: clinical, radiological and cytological. However, multiple steps make the process time-consuming and expensive. In developing countries like India, trained and certified radiologists are extremely overburdened. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) along with clinical examination can fill the gap. This study aims to correlate cytological, radiological and histological findings and measure their relative accuracies. Based on these findings, a new approach will be proposed to address the above shortcomings.Materials and methods: The FNAC was performed on all cases and reported as per Yokohama cytology. The cytological findings were correlated & validated against radiological and histopathological findings respectively. Relative performance of cytological and radiological findings were established using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy. A chi-square test for independence between cytological and radiological findings was performed.Results: The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy for cytological findings come out as 97.60, 90.08, 90.37, 97.52, and 93.75, respectively. Meanwhile, the Radiological findings come out as 96.61, 82.20, 84.44, 96.04, and 89.41, respectively. The chi-square test demonstrates strong interdependence between cytological and radiological findings.Conclusion: FNAC is more accurate, quicker, and cheaper than radiological tests. Hence, FNAC based on the Yokohama system, along with clinical observations, can be used as a primary diagnosis tool in developing countries with limited health resources without making significant compromises on incorrect treatment. If needed, radiology and histopathology can be used for precise diagnosis and treatment.Keywords: FNAC, cytology, breast lesions, Yokohama, radiology, histopathology