bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anions coordinating anions: analysis of the interaction between anionic Keplerate nanocapsules and their anionic ligands
Authors: Melgar Dolores , Bandeira Nuno A. G. , Bonet Avalos Josep , Bo Carles
Published: January 2017

The interaction strength between Keplerates and anionic ligands depends on their pKa and solvation/desolvation effects.
Electrochemical properties of an aluminum anode in an ionic liquid electrolyte for rechargeable aluminum-ion batteries
Authors: Choi Sangwon , Go Hyungho , Lee Gibaek , Tak Yongsug
Published: January 2017

An electro-polished aluminum anode without the oxide film exhibits high capacity and stable surface corrosion.
Metallacyclopentadienes: synthesis, structure and reactivity
Authors: Ma Wangyang , Yu Chao , Chen Tianyang , Xu Ling , Zhang Wen-Xiong , Xi Zhenfeng
Published: January 2017

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the preparation, structure and reactivity of five-membered metallacyclopentadienes.
Hierarchical yolk–shell layered potassium niobate for tuned pH-dependent photocatalytic H2evolution
Authors: Liang Bo , Zhang Ning , Chen Chen , Liu Xiaohe , Ma Renzhi , Tong Shengfu , Mei Zongwei , Roy Vellaisamy A. L. , Wang Haiyan , Tang Yougen
Published: January 2017

Tuned pH-dependent H2evolutions are achieved by constructing hierarchical KNb3O8, which is promising for photocatalysis in mild conditions.
Anti-inflammatory activity of 3β-hydroxycholest-5-en-7-one isolated from Hippocampus trimaculatus leach via inhibiting iNOS, TNF-α, and 1L-1β of LPS induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells
Authors: Wu Jingna , Liu Zhiyu , Su Jie , Pan Nan , Song Qiuling
Published: January 2017

Hippocampus trimaculatus leach has been widely used in beverage and herbal medicine fabrication.
Lactucaxanthin – a potential anti-diabetic carotenoid from lettuce (Lactuca sativa) inhibits α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity in vitro and in diabetic rats
Authors: Gopal Sowmya Shree , Lakshmi Magisetty Jhansi , Sharavana Gurunathan , Sathaiah Gunaseelan , Sreerama Yadahally N , Baskaran Vallikannan
Published: January 2017

Lactucaxanthin in lettuce offers an approach to lower the postprandial hyperglycemiaviainhibition of intestinal and pancreatic α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities.
Functionality and molecular weight distribution of red oak lignin before and after pyrolysis and hydrogenation
Authors: McClelland Daniel J. , Motagamwala Ali Hussain , Li Yanding , Rover Marjorie R. , Wittrig Ashley M. , Wu Chunping , Buchanan J. Scott , Brown Robert C. , Ralph John , Dumesic James A. , Huber George W.
Published: January 2017

GVL lignin, pyrolytic lignin, and hydrogenated pyrolytic lignin were studied and characterized by FT-ICR MS, GPC, and NMR.
Evaluation of the use of cold plasma conditions for Fe isotopic analysis via multi-collector ICP-mass spectrometry: effect on spectral interferences and instrumental mass discrimination
Authors: Chernonozhkin Stepan M. , Costas-Rodríguez Marta , Claeys Philippe , Vanhaecke Frank
Published: January 2017

The application of cold plasma conditions for isotopic analysis of Fe via MC-ICP-MS was evaluated in combination with the standard and the ‘jet’ interface and with dry and wet plasma conditions.
Evaluating a novel dimensional reduction approach for mechanical fractionation of cells using a tandem flexible micro spring array (tFMSA)
Authors: Yeh Yin-Ting , Harouaka Ramdane A. , Zheng Si-Yang
Published: January 2017

We present a novel methodology to establish experimental models for the rational design of cell fractionation based on physical properties of cells.
ABx-type amphiphilic macromonomer-based supramolecular hyperbranched polymers for controllable self-assembly
Authors: Liu Tingting , Wang Shuodong , Song Yanli , Li Jiawei , Yan Hongxia , Tian Wei
Published: January 2017

A novel supramolecular hyperbranched polymer (SHP) is constructed through using an ABx-type amphiphilic macromonomer. The obtained SHP can form ellipsoidal unimolecular micelles and branched aggregates under different solution conditions.
Optical properties and fluorescence quenching of carbazole containing (D–π–A) push–pull chromophores by silver nanoparticles: a detailed insight via an experimental and theoretical approach
Authors: Asiri Abdullah M. , Osman Osman I. , Al-Thaqafy Saad H. , Khan Salman A.
Published: January 2017

(4Z)-4-[(9-Ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)methylidene]-2-phenyl-1,3-oxazol-5(4H)-one (ECPO) was prepared by the one-pot multi-component reaction of 9-ethyl-9H-carbazole-3-carbaldehyde, hippuric acid, anhydrous sodium acetate and acetic anhydride under microwave irradiation.
Hierarchical macropore/nano surface regulates stem cell fate through a ROCK-related signaling pathway
Authors: Pan Houhua , Xie Youtao , Zhang Zequan , Li Kai , Hu Dandan , Zheng Xuebin , Tang Tingting
Published: January 2017

Synergistic cytoskeleton distribution accompanying higher ROCK activity activated FAK-ERK1/2 signaling pathway and promotion of BMSC osteogenesis on hierarchical surface.
Thermal decomposition of isolated and crystal 4,10-dinitro-2,6,8,12-tetraoxa-4,10-diazaisowurtzitane according to ab initio molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Xiang Dong , Zhu Weihua
Published: January 2017

We performedab initiomolecular dynamics simulations to study the initiation chemical reaction and subsequent decomposition mechanism of a 4,10-dinitro-2,6,8,12-tetraoxa-4,10-diazaisowutrzitane (TEX) crystal at 2160 K.
Preparation of 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl functionalized hydrophobic mesoporous silica and its outstanding adsorption properties for dibutyl phthalate
Authors: Diao Xi , Hu Yun , He Yinyun , Quan Feng , Wei Chaohai
Published: January 2017

In this study, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane was first used as a modification agent to synthesize a highly hydrophobic mesoporous silica, TFP-MCM-41, using a refluxing method.
Construction and enhanced photocatalytic activities of a hydrogenated TiO2 nanobelt coated with CDs/MoS2 nanosheets
Authors: Liu Chunbo , Chen Jibin , Che Huinan , Huang Kai , Charpentier Paul A. , Xu William Z. , Shi Weidong , Dong HongJun
Published: January 2017

The CDs (carbon dots)/MoS2 nanosheets coated hydrogenated TiO2 nanobelt heterostructures—referred to as CDs/MoS2@H-TiO2—with a three-dimensional hierarchical configuration were prepared via hydrothermal reaction.
The hypothermic preservation of mammalian cells with assembling extracellular-matrix-mimetic microparticles
Authors: Yang Jing , Pan Chao , Sui Xiaojie , Cai Nana , Zhang Jiamin , Zhu Yingnan , Zhang Lei
Published: January 2017

The reversible assembly of magnetic alginate microparticles could mimic the extracellular matrix for efficient and facile hypothermic cell preservation.
Correlation of HLA-DQ and TNF-α gene polymorphisms with ocular myasthenia gravis combined with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy
Authors: Yang Hong-Wei , Wang Ying-Xue , Bao Jie , Wang Shu-Hui , Lei Ping , Sun Zhao-Lin
Published: January 2017

The present study aims to explore the correlation of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α gene polymorphisms with ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) combined with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). From March 2009 to March 2015, 56 OMG patients complicated with TAO (OMG + TAO group), 134 patients diagnosed with OMG only (OMG group) and 236 healthy individuals (control group) were enrolled in the present study. PCR-sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP) was used for HLA-DQ genotyping and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) for TNF-α genotyping. ELISA kit was applied to detect acetylcholine receptor antibody (AchRAb) level and chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) to measure thyroid-associated antibody (T-Ab) level. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to analyse the risk factors for OMG combined with TAO. DQA1*0103 showed lower frequency in the OMG group than in the control group. DQA1*0301 showed increased and DQB1*0601 showed decreased frequency in the OMG + TAO group. DQB1*0501 showed higher frequency in the OMG and OMG + TAO groups than in the control group. Patients carrying TNF-α -863C > A (CA + AA) might confront with greater risks of OMG combined with TAO. Frequency of DQA1*0103/*0301 and DQB1*0501/*0601, and TNF-α -863C > A, -238G > A and -308G > A were associated with the levels of AchRAb and T-Ab. TNF-α -863C > A (CA + AA) and high level of T-Ab were risk factors for OMG combined with TAO. Our results demonstrate that TNF-α -863 polymorphism is possibly correlated with the risk of OMG combined with TAO.
Code‐based security with random interleaving
Authors: Esmaeili Mostafa , Gulliver Thomas Aaron
Published: January 2017

In this paper, a new symmetric key cryptosystem based on linear codes is presented. Unlike most code‐based cryptosystems, the code is known publicly. The encryption is based on randomly interleaving two codewords containing random errors. This is the first code‐based cryptosystem based on random interleaving. The key size and security of the proposed scheme are analysed, and it is shown that allowing the code to be public results in a significantly smaller key than other code‐based cryptosystems. Furthermore, it is proven that the best possible chosen plaintext attack does not affect the security.
Low temperature MIR to submillimeter mass absorption coefficient of interstellar dust analogues
Authors: Demyk K. , Meny C. , Lu X.-H. , Papatheodorou G. , Toplis M. J. , Leroux H. , Depecker C. , Brubach J.-B. , Roy P. , Nayral C. , Ojo W.-S. , Delpech F. , Paradis D. , Gromov V.
Published: January 2017

Context.The submillimeter spectral domain has been extensively explored by theHerschelandPlancksatellites and is now reachable from the ground with ALMA. A wealth of data, revealing cold dust thermal emission, is available for astronomical environments ranging from interstellar clouds, cold clumps, circumstellar envelops, and protoplanetary disks. The interpretation of these observations relies on the understanding and modeling of cold dust emission and on the knowledge of the dust optical properties.

Aims.The aim of this work is to provide astronomers with a set of spectroscopic data of realistic interstellar dust analogues that can be used to interpret the observations. It pursues the experimental effort aimed at characterizing the spectroscopic properties of interstellar dust analogues at low temperature in the mid-infrared (MIR) to millimeter spectral domain. Compared to previous studies, it extends the range of studied dust analogues in terms of composition and of structure of the material.

Methods.Glassy silicates of mean composition (1−x)MgO –xSiO2withx= 0.35 (close to forsterite, Mg2SiO4), 0.50 (close to enstatite, MgSiO3) and 0.40 (close to Mg1.5SiO3.5or MgSiO3:Mg2SiO4= 50:50) were synthesized. The mass absorption coefficient (MAC) of the samples was measured in the spectral domain 30–1000μm for grain temperature in the range 300–10 K and at room temperature in the 5–40μm domain.

Results.We find that the MAC of all samples varies with the grains temperature and that its spectral shape cannot be approximated by a single power law inλ−β. In the FIR/submm, and above 30 K, the MAC value at a given wavelength increases with the temperature as thermally activated absorption processes appear. The studied materials exhibit different and complex behaviors at long wavelengths (λ≥ 200 to 700μm depending on the samples). These behaviors are attributed to the amorphous nature of dust and to the amount and nature of the defects within this amorphous structure. We do not observe MAC variations in the 10–30 K range. Above 20μm, the measured MAC are much higher than the MAC calculated from interstellar silicate dust models indicating that the analogues measured in this study are more emissive than the silicates in cosmic dust models.

Conclusions.The underestimated value of the MAC deduced from cosmic dust models in the FIR/submm has important astrophysical implications because masses are overestimated by the models. Moreover, constraints on elemental abundance of heavy elements in cosmic dust models are relaxed.
Endoscopic
treatment of leak at the tip of the “J” ileal
pouch
Authors: Kochhar Gursimran , Shen Bo
Published: January 2017

Background and study aims The tip of the “J” of the ileal pouch is the
vulnerable location for leak after restorative proctocolectomy, which has
normally been treated with surgery. We aimed to describe a novel endoscopic
method to treat the same.

Patients and methods A cohort of 12 consecutive patients with a leak at
the tip of the “J” was identified in our prospectively maintained Pouch
Registry. The endoscopic over-the-scope clipping (OTSC) system was used for the
closure of the leak.

Results Eight patients (66.6 %) achieved complete closure of the leak
documented by endoscopy confirmed with guidewire and/or contrasted pouchogram,
with 6 requiring a single endoscopic session and 2 undergoing a repeat session.
Four patients (33.3 %) had a persistent leak and required surgical intervention,
of whom 1 developed abscess in the pre-spine region 14 days after the endoscopic
procedure and underwent pouch revision surgery.

Conclusions OSTC appears to be safe and effective in treating the leak at
the tip of the “J” in the majority of
patients.
Compressive pre-stress effects on magnetostrictive behaviors of highly textured Galfenol and Alfenol thin sheets
Authors: Downing Julia R. , Na Suok-Min , Flatau Alison B.
Published: January 2017

Fe-Ga (Galfenol) and Fe-Al (Alfenol) are rare-earth-free magnetostrictive alloys with mechanical robustness and strong magnetoelastic coupling. Since highly textured Galfenol and Alfenol thin sheets along <100> orientations have been developed with magnetostrictive performances of ∼270 ppm and ∼160 ppm, respectively, they have been of great interest in sensor and energy harvesting applications. In this work, we investigate stress-dependent magnetostrictive behaviors in highly textured rolled sheets of NbC-added Fe80Al20 and Fe81Ga19 alloys with a single (011) grain coverage of ∼90%. A compact fixture was designed and used to introduce a uniform compressive pre-stress to those thin sheet samples along a [100] direction. As compressive pre-stress was increased to above 100 MPa, the maximum observed magnetostriction increased 42% in parallel magnetostriction along the stress direction, λ//, in highly textured (011) Fe81Ga19 thin sheets for a compressive pre-stress of 60 MPa. The same phenomena were observed for (011) Fe80Al20 (maximum increase of 88% with a 49 MPa compressive stress). This trend is shown to be consistent with published results on the effect of pre-stress on magnetostriction in rods of single crystal and textured polycrystalline Fe-Ga alloy of similar compositions, and single crystal data gathered using our experimental set up. Interestingly, the saturating field (Hs) does not vary with pre-stresses, while the saturating field in rod-shaped samples of Fe-Ga increases with an increase of pre-stress. This suggests that for a range of compressive pre-stresses, thin sheet samples have larger values of d33 transduction coefficients and susceptibility than rod-shaped samples of similar alloy compositions, and hence they should provide performance benefits when used in sensor and actuator device applications. Thus, we discuss potential reasons for the unexpected trends in Hs with pre-stress, and present preliminary results from tests conducted to determine the potential role of shape anisotropy in this observation.
Stochastic multi-reference perturbation theory with application to the linearized coupled cluster method
Authors: Jeanmairet Guillaume , Sharma Sandeep , Alavi Ali
Published: January 2017

In this article we report a stochastic evaluation of the recently proposed multireference linearized coupled cluster theory [S. Sharma and A. Alavi, J. Chem. Phys. 143, 102815 (2015)]. In this method, both the zeroth-order and first-order wavefunctions are sampled stochastically by propagating simultaneously two populations of signed walkers. The sampling of the zeroth-order wavefunction follows a set of stochastic processes identical to the one used in the full configuration interaction quantum Monte Carlo (FCIQMC) method. To sample the first-order wavefunction, the usual FCIQMC algorithm is augmented with a source term that spawns walkers in the sampled first-order wavefunction from the zeroth-order wavefunction. The second-order energy is also computed stochastically but requires no additional overhead outside of the added cost of sampling the first-order wavefunction. This fully stochastic method opens up the possibility of simultaneously treating large active spaces to account for static correlation and recovering the dynamical correlation using perturbation theory. The method is used to study a few benchmark systems including the carbon dimer and aromatic molecules. We have computed the singlet-triplet gaps of benzene and m-xylylene. For m-xylylene, which has proved difficult for standard complete active space self consistent field theory with perturbative correction, we find the singlet-triplet gap to be in good agreement with the experimental values.
Analyticity properties and asymptotic behavior of scattering amplitude in higher dimensional theories
Authors: Maharana Jnanadeva
Published: January 2017

The properties of the high energy behavior of the scattering amplitude of massive, neutral, and spinless particles in higher dimensional field theories are investigated. The axiomatic formulation of Lehmann, Symanzik, and Zimmermann (LSZ) is adopted. The analyticity properties of the causal, the retarded, and the advanced functions associated with the four point elastic amplitudes are studied. The analog of the Lehmann-Jost-Dyson representation is obtained in higher dimensional field theories. The generalized J-L-D representation is utilized to derive the t-plane analyticity property of the amplitude. The existence of an ellipse analogous to the Lehmann ellipse is demonstrated. Thus a fixed-t dispersion relation can be written down with a finite number of subtractions due to the temperedness of the amplitudes. The domain of analyticity of scattering amplitude in s and t variables is extended by imposing unitarity constraints. A generalized version of Martin’s theorem is derived to prove the existence of such a domain in D-dimensional field theories. It is shown that the amplitude can be expanded in a power series in t which converges for t<R, R being s-independent. The positivity properties of absorptive amplitudes are derived to prove the t-plane analyticity of amplitude. In the extended analyticity domain dispersion relations are written with two subtractions. The bound on the total cross section is derived from LSZ axioms without any extra ad hoc assumptions.
A device for measuring electron beam characteristics
Authors: Andreev M. , Kovalsky S. , Kornilov S. , Motorin M. , Rempe N.
Published: January 2017

This paper presents a device intended for diagnostics of electron beams and the results obtained with this device. The device comprises a rotating double probe operating in conjunction with an automated probe signal collection and processing system. This provides for measuring and estimating the electron beam characteristics such as radius, current density, power density, convergence angle, and brightness.
Shaped cathodes for the production of ultra-short multi-electron pulses
Authors: Petruk Ariel Alcides , Pichugin Kostyantyn , Sciaini Germán
Published: January 2017

An electrostatic electron source design capable of producing sub-20 femtoseconds (rms) multi-electron pulses is presented. The photoelectron gun concept builds upon geometrical electric field enhancement at the cathode surface. Particle tracer simulations indicate the generation of extremely short bunches even beyond 40 cm of propagation. Comparisons with compact electron sources commonly used for femtosecond electron diffraction are made.
Processing and charge state engineering of MoOx
Authors: Martín-Luengo Aitana Tarazaga , Köstenbauer Harald , Winkler Jörg , Bonanni Alberta
Published: January 2017

The effects of wet chemical processing employed in device fabrication standards are studied on molybdenum oxide (MoOx) ultra-thin films. We have combined x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), angle resolved XPS and x-ray reflectivity to gain insight into the changes in composition, structure and electronic states upon treatment of films with different initial stoichiometry prepared by reactive sputtering. Our results show significant reduction effects associated with the development of gap states in MoOx, as well as changes in the composition and structure of the films, systematically correlated with the initial oxidation state of Mo.
Structural transitions of ordered kesterite-type Cu2ZnSnS4 under pressure
Authors: Efthimiopoulos I. , Ritscher A. , Lerch M. , Speziale S. , Pakhomova A. S. , Liermann H. P. , Koch-Müller M.
Published: January 2017

We have investigated the high-pressure structural and vibrational behavior of the ordered kesterite-type Cu2ZnSnS4 compound. Our investigations have revealed two structural transitions: a kesterite-to-disordered kesterite transition was observed between 7 and 9 GPa, which involves a Zn/Cu disorder within the respective cationic sublattice, whereas a rocksalt-type structure was realized at ∼15 GPa. The latter transition is accompanied by a cationic coordination increase from fourfold-to-sixfold with respect to the sulfur anions. The predicted kesterite-to-stannite transition was not detected. Furthermore, our high-pressure Raman studies have shown that the aforementioned Zn/Cu cationic disorder will always be present in Cu2ZnSnS4 under relatively moderate compression.
Magneto-Seebeck effect in magnetic tunnel junctions with perpendicular anisotropy
Authors: Ning Keyu , Liu Houfang , Ju Zhenyi , Fang Chi , Wan Caihua , Cheng Jinglei , Liu Xiao , Li Linsen , Feng Jiafeng , Wei Hongxiang , Han Xiufeng , Yang Yi , Ren Tian-Ling
Published: January 2017

As one invigorated filed of spin caloritronics combining with spin, charge and heat current, the magneto-Seebeck effect has been experimentally and theoretically studied in spin tunneling thin films and nanostructures. Here we analyze the tunnel magneto-Seebeck effect in magnetic tunnel junctions with perpendicular anisotropy (p-MTJs) under various measurement temperatures. The large tunnel magneto-Seebeck (TMS) ratio up to −838.8% for p-MTJs at 200 K is achieved, with Seebeck coefficient S in parallel and antiparallel states of 6.7 mV/K and 62.9 mV/K, respectively. The temperature dependence of the tunnel magneto-Seebeck can be attributed to the contributing transmission function and electron states at the interface between CoFeB electrode and MgO barrier.
Impact of vacancies on the thermal conductivity of graphene nanoribbons: A molecular dynamics simulation study
Authors: Noshin Maliha , Khan Asir Intisar , Navid Ishtiaque Ahmed , Uddin H. M. Ahsan , Subrina Samia
Published: January 2017

Equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation using 2nd generation Reactive Bond Order interatomic potential has been performed to model the thermal transport of nanometer sized zigzag defected graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) containing several types of vacancies. We have investigated the thermal conductivity of defected GNRs as a function of vacancy concentration within a range of 0.5% to 5% and temperature ranging from 300K to 600K, along with a comparative analysis of those for pristine GNRs. We find that, a vacancy concentration of 0.5% leads to over 90% reduction in the thermal conductivity of GNRs. At low defect concentration, the decay rate is faster but ceases gradually at higher defect concentration. With the increasing temperature, thermal conductivity of defected GNRs decreases but shows less variation in comparison with that of pristine GNRs at higher temperatures. Such comprehensive study on several vacancy type defects in GNRs can provide further insight to tune up the thermal transport characteristics of low dimensional carbon nanostructures. This eventually would encourage the characterization of more stable thermal properties in thermal devices at an elevated temperature as well as the potential applicability of GNRs as thermoelectrics.
Temperature- and magnetic field-dependence of exchange bias in SrCoO2.29 ceramics
Authors: Xie L. , Huang H. L. , Lu Y. L.
Published: January 2017

A cation’s oxidation state in a transition metal oxide may significantly change its physical and chemical properties. In this work, magnetic properties of both cubic SrCoO2.29 and hexagonal SrCoO2.50 ceramics, annealed following a selected yet simple process, have been studied. The SrCoO2.50 ceramics annealed in air displays an unusual paramagnetic property, and the SrCoO2.29 quenched into water shows a short-range ferromagnetic coupling in the antiferromagnetic background. Exchange coupling at the ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic interfaces brings out an obvious exchange bias effect in the SrCoO2.29 sample. Due to its complicated magnetic states, the exchange bias effect presents strong temperature and cooling field dependences.
Enhancement of magnetoelectric operating temperature in compressed Cr2O3 under hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Kota Yohei , Yoshimori Yusuke , Imamura Hiroshi , Kimura Tsuyoshi
Published: January 2017

The effect of hydrostatic pressure on structure and magnetism was investigated by a combined theoretical and experimental study for Cr2O3 showing the linear magnetoelectric effect below the Néel temperature TN ≈ 307 K. Based on first-principles calculations and Monte-Carlo simulations, we predicted that TN linearly increases with increasing applied pressure P with the slope of (1/TN)(dTN/dP) = +1.9 × 10−2 GPa−1. This theoretical prediction was qualitatively verified by our experimental observation about the pressure dependence of TN, which was detected by measurements of dielectric constant through the magnetoelectric coupling [(1/TN)(dTN/dP) = +1.6 × 10−2 GPa−1]. These results provide an effective way to enhance magnetoelectric operating temperature in the rare room-temperature magnetoelectric, Cr2O3.
Comparative study of LaNiO3/LaAlO3 heterostructures grown by pulsed laser deposition and oxide molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Wrobel F. , Mark A. F. , Christiani G. , Sigle W. , Habermeier H.-U. , van Aken P. A. , Logvenov G. , Keimer B. , Benckiser E.
Published: January 2017

Variations in growth conditions associated with different deposition techniques can greatly affect the phase stability and defect structure of complex oxide heterostructures. We synthesized superlattices of the paramagnetic metal LaNiO3 and the large band gap insulator LaAlO3 by atomic layer-by-layer molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and compared their crystallinity and microstructure as revealed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images and resistivity. The MBE samples show a higher density of stacking faults but smoother interfaces and generally higher electrical conductivity. Our study identifies the opportunities and challenges of MBE and PLD growth and serves as a general guide for the choice of the deposition technique for perovskite oxides.
Tunable cobalt nanoparticle synthesis by intense pulse flash annealing
Authors: Mosey Aaron , Gaire Babu , Kim Jeongwhan , Ryu Jong Eun , Cheng Ruihua
Published: January 2017

Magnetically susceptible materials can serve as a basis for the directed assembly of nanoscale network devices which can be used to extract energy from phase change materials. So far, matrix production cost has been a prohibitive factor in the realization of real world applications. Here we report a cost-effective method to synthesize magnetic nanoparticles. Samples were fabricated by sputtering magnetic thin films on carbon nanotube substrates followed by xenon intense pulsed light flash annealing. The results indicate that spatially ordered magnetic spheres can be tuned by various parameters such as initial thin film thickness, xenon lamp exposure excitation energy, local surface geometries, and the presence of an external magnetic field during annealing.
Magnetic logic based on diode-assisted magnetoresistance
Authors: Luo Zhaochu , Zhang Xiaozhong
Published: January 2017

Conventional computer suffers from the von Neumann performance bottleneck due to its hardware architecture that non-volatile memory and logic are separated. The new emerging magnetic logic coupling the extra dimension of spin, shows the potential to overcome this performance bottleneck. Here, we propose a novel category of magnetic logic based on diode-assisted magnetoresistance. By coupling Hall effect and nonlinear transport property in silicon, all four basic Boolean logic operations including AND, NAND, OR and NOR, can be programmed at room temperature with high output ratio in one silicon-based device. Further introducing anomalous Hall effect of magnetic material into magnetic logic, we achieve perpendicular magnetic anisotropy-based magnetic logic which combines the advantages of both high output ratio (>103 %) and low work magnetic field (∼1 mT). Integrated with non-volatile magnetic memory, our logic device with unique magnetoelectric properties has the advantages of current-controlled reconfiguration, zero refresh consumption, instant-on performance and would bridge the processor-memory gap. Our findings would pave the way in magnetic logic and offer a feasible platform to build a new kind of magnetic microprocessor with potential of high performance.
Magnetic sensors for motion measurement of avionic ballscrews
Authors: Cardelli E. , Cibeca M. , Faba A. , Marsili R. , Pompei M. , Rossi G.
Published: January 2017

This paper deals with a theoretical and experimental study about the motion measurement in ballscrews for avionic system. The measurement system is based on a magnetic sensor optimized by a suitable finite element analysis. In particular the sensor performances are simulated for different configurations in order to maximize the sensitivity. The efficiency and the reliability of the optimal configuration found have been validated by means of a dedicated experiment for the simulation of the operative mode of the ballscrews in the avionic environment.
Magnetic-control-electric and reversal behavior of ZnO/NiFe/ZnO multilayer films
Authors: Chi Po-Wei , Wei Da-Hua , Yu Chin-Chung , Yao Yeong-Der
Published: January 2017

The magnetic-control-electric and corresponding dielectric behavior of the ZnO/NiFe/ZnO multilayer films have been demonstrated by applying an ultrathin bimetallic NiFe inserting layer into ZnO films, and fabricated by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering at room temperature without introducing any oxygen gas during deposition process. At first, a high quality crystalline ZnO(002) textured film was deposited and exhibited a dielectric constant value of around 10 confirmed at room temperature with the Agilent 42941B probe and 4294A impedance meters ranged from 40 Hz to 20 MHz. Once ZnO inserted with a 5 nm-thick NiFe inserting layer, the value of dielectric constant was dramatically increased from 10 to 12.5. This phenomenon can be attributed to redistribute the strongly interface charges between ZnO and NiFe layers and accompany with the relaxation of internal stress of ZnO. On the other hand, the external magnetic field induced dielectric variation can also be clearly observed, and the ZnO film with NiFe inserting layer demonstrates a 0.05%-0.10% dielectric tunability. The magnetic-control-electric and corresponding dielectric behavior of ZnO/NiFe/ZnO multilayers with a single inserting NiFe layer compared with that of pure ZnO film also conclude the magnetoelectric effect in present multilayered structures. Moreover, the grain size of the ZnO films was gradually increased from 32.5 nm to 40.5 nm while inserting with an ultrathin NiFe bimetallic layer. This grain structure transition can be attributed to the lattice misfit between ZnO and NiFe. This research work demonstrates that a single NiFe insering layer can effectively control the dielectric and magnetic characters in the ZnO/NiFe/ZnO multilayered structures and provide valuable multifunctional behaviors for potential novel applications design such as ferroic sensor.
The output characteristic of cantilever-like tactile sensor based on the inverse magnetostrictive effect
Authors: Wan Lili , Wang Bowen , Wang Qilong , Han Jianhui , Cao Shuying
Published: January 2017

The output characteristic model of a magnetostrictive cantilever-like tactile sensor has been founded based on the inverse-magnetostrictive effect, the flexure mode, and the Jiles-Atherton model. The magnetostrictive sensor has been designed and an output voltage is analyzed under the conditions of bias magnetic field, contact pressure and deflection of cantilever beam. The experiment has been performed to determine the relation among the induced output voltage, bias magnetic field, and pressure. It is found that the peak of the induced output voltage increases with an increasing pressure under the bias magnetic field of 4.8kA/m. The experimental result agrees well with the theoretical one and it means that the model can describe the relation among the induced output voltage, bias magnetic field, and pressure. The sensor with a Galfenol sheet may hold potentials in sample characterization and deformation predication in artificial intelligence area.
Improvement of magnetization of submicron-sized high coercivity Sm2Fe17N3 powder by using hydrothermally synthesized sintering-tolerant cubic hematite
Authors: Okada Shusuke , Suzuki Kazuyuki , Node Eri , Takagi Kenta , Ozaki Kimihiro , Enokido Yasushi
Published: January 2017

We investigated the cause of forming of aggregates which decreases magnetization of a submicron-sized Sm2Fe17N3 powder. The aggregation was considered to be caused through sintering and growth of α-Fe particles in a hydrogen reduction treatment. We newly synthesized cubic hematite powder which has tolerance for the sintering of particles in a hydrogen reduction treatment. The aggregation of submicron-sized Sm2Fe17N3 particles was significantly reduced by using the cubic hematite as a precursor, and the magnetization was improved without decreasing the high coercivity.
Magnetic microscopic imaging with an optically pumped magnetometer and flux guides
Authors: Kim Young Jin , Savukov Igor , Huang Jen-Huang , Nath Pulak
Published: January 2017

By combining an optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) with flux guides (FGs) and by installing a sample platform on automated translation stages, we have implemented an ultra-sensitive FG-OPM scanning magnetic imaging system that is capable of detecting magnetic fields of ∼20 pT with spatial resolution better than 300 μm (expected to reach ∼10 pT sensitivity and ∼100 μm spatial resolution with optimized FGs). As a demonstration of one possible application of the FG-OPM device, we conducted magnetic imaging of micron-size magnetic particles. Magnetic imaging of such particles, including nano-particles and clusters, is very important for many fields, especially for medical cancer diagnostics and biophysics applications. For rapid, precise magnetic imaging, we constructed an automatic scanning system, which holds and moves a target sample containing magnetic particles at a given stand-off distance from the FG tips. We show that the device was able to produce clear microscopic magnetic images of 10 μm-size magnetic particles. In addition, we also numerically investigated how the magnetic flux from a target sample at a given stand-off distance is transmitted to the OPM vapor cell.
Stress analysis of magnetically controlled reactor
Authors: Tong Ben , Qingxin Yang , Rongge Yan , Lihua Zhu , Ling Weng , Ying Sun
Published: January 2017

To provide technique references for vibration reduction of magnetically controlled reactors (MCRs), stress, which is the inherent reason of vibration and noise, should be investigated. Stresses in reactor cores are produced due to the magnetostriction deformation of silicon steel and electromagnetic force between the core discs. So far, stress analysis on reactor cores was based on one-way coupled numerical method, which did not consider the influence of the stress on magnetic properties of the core material. Thus, multi-group magnetization and magnetostriction characteristics curves of silicon steel under different tensile stresses are measured firstly to support the computation. From the experiment results, it can be seen that magnetic properties of silicon steel change with stress. Then an electromagneto-mechanical two-way coupled numerical model for MCRs considering magnetostrictive effect and electromagnetic force effect is proposed. Stress distribution of MCR cores under the combination excitation of the sinusoidal wave current and different direct currents are calculated. From the computed results, it can be seen that a larger direct current has greater influence on MCRs vibration, which provides a theory basis for further analysis of vibration and noise reduction.
Effect of high-density electric current pulses on precipitation and mechanical properties of a Cu–Zn alloy
Authors: Liu Meishuai , Wang Xinli , Zhao Xiang
Published: January 2017

By applying high-density electric current pulses (ECP) on the Cu–Zn alloy, the high-temperature precipitated phase is explored and the related mechanical properties are investigated. Results show that the nucleation rate of the high-temperature β precipitation can be greatly accelerated due to the ECP treatment. Especially, an obvious orientation relationship can be detected between the matrix α phase and the product β precipitation by increasing the electric current density. In addition, for the samples with a dense distribution of refined β precipitation, a slight decrease in the tensile strength and a great increase in the elongation-to-failure can be observed.

This paper is part of a themed issue on Materials in External Fields.
The Musical Activities of the Spalding Gentlemen's Society
Authors: Fleming Simon David Iain
Published: January 2017

The Spalding Gentlemen's Society is one of the oldest extant learned societies in the world. At the time of its foundation over 300 years ago such societies were popular and membership was viewed as an important attribute of middle-class life. Most societies were short-lived and extant references to them are rare. What sets Spalding over all others is not only its longevity but also the quality of its records, which contain numerous references to music. This article aims to present the musical activities of the Society and to put them into the context of the early eighteenth-century English and European musical world. It begins with a discussion of the annual anniversary concerts and a detailed study of the 1738–46 programmes, commenting on the music performed and those who took part; these programmes are given as appendices. This research is further augmented by an examination of the music-related matters discussed at their meetings and other events that took place in Spalding. It may be impossible to ascertain how unique the Society's musical activities were, but it is rare to have such detail, and this is the first time that these important records, at least in relation to music, have been discussed in any depth.
Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 regulates dNTP pool and promotes homologous recombination repair in cancer cells
Authors: Qu Jia , Sun Wenyi , Zhong Jie , Lv Hao , Zhu Mingrui , Xu Jun , Jin Nan , Xie Zuoquan , Tan Minjia , Lin Shu-Hai , Geng Meiyu , Ding Jian , Huang Min
Published: January 2017

Glycolytic enzymes are known to play pivotal roles in cancer cell survival, yet their molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) is an important glycolytic enzyme that coordinates glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, and serine biosynthesis in cancer cells. Herein, we report that PGAM1 is required for homologous recombination (HR) repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) caused by DNA-damaging agents. Mechanistically, PGAM1 facilitates DSB end resection by regulating the stability of CTBP-interacting protein (CtIP). Knockdown of PGAM1 in cancer cells accelerates CtIP degradation through deprivation of the intracellular deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate pool and associated activation of the p53/p73 pathway. Enzymatic inhibition of PGAM1 decreases CtIP protein levels, impairs HR repair, and hence sensitizes BRCA1/2-proficient breast cancer to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Together, this study identifies a metabolically dependent function of PGAM1 in promoting HR repair and reveals a potential therapeutic opportunity for PGAM1 inhibitors in combination with PARP inhibitors.
Shutting down the power supply for DNA repair in cancer cells
Authors: van Vugt Marcel A.T.M.
Published: January 2017

Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) functions in glycolysis. In this issue, Qu et al. (2017. J. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201607008) show that PGAM1 inactivation leads to nucleotide depletion, which causes defective homologous recombination–mediated DNA repair, suggesting that targeting metabolic enzymes increases cancer cell susceptibility to DNA damaging agents.
Academic Integrity
Authors: Bretag Tracey
Published: January 2017

Academic integrity is an interdisciplinary concept that provides the foundation for every aspect and all levels of education. The term evokes strong emotions in teachers, researchers, and students—not least because it is usually associated with negative behaviors. When considering academic integrity, the discussion tends to revolve around cheating, plagiarism, dishonesty, fraud, and other academic malpractice and how best to prevent these behaviors. A more productive approach entails a focus on promoting the positive values of honesty, trust, fairness, respect, responsibility, and courage (International Center for Academic Integrity, 2013) as the intrinsically motivated drivers for ethical academic practice. Academic integrity is much more than “a student issue” and requires commitment from all stakeholders in the academic community, including undergraduate and postgraduate students, teachers, established researchers, senior managers, policymakers, support staff, and administrators.
Culture, a Social Determinant of Health and Risk: Considerations for Health and Risk Messaging
Authors: Iwelunmor Juliet , Airhihenbuwa Collins
Published: January 2017

We provide an overview on the role of culture in addressing the social determinants of health and risk. The fact that everyone is influenced by a set of locally defined forms of behavior means that while not overtly expressed, culture’s effects can be ubiquitous, influencing everything including the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age, and the wider set of forces and systems shaping health and risk messaging. While the dynamic nature of culture is underestimated and often not reflected in most research, efforts to close the gap on social determinants of health and risk will require greater clarity on what culture is and how it impacts culture-sensitive health communication. Thus, the paper begins by reviewing why culture is so vital and relevant to any attempts to improve health and reduce health inequalities. We discuss what is meant by the term “culture” through a narrative synthesis of historical and recent progress in definitions of culture. We conclude by describing three distinct cultural frameworks for health that illustrate how culture can be effectively used as a vehicle through which to address culturally sensitive health communication in local and global contexts. Overall, we believe that culture is indispensable and important for addressing inequalities and inequities in health as well as for facilitating culture-sensitive health communication strategies that will ultimately close the gap on the social determinants of health and risk.
Norm Talk and Intergroup Communication
Authors: Belavadi Sucharita
Published: January 2017

Norms are regularized patterns of attitudes and behavior that characterize a group of individuals, separate the group from other groups of individuals, and prescribe and describe attitudes and behaviors for group members. Relying on social identity theory and self-categorization theory, the role played by group norms within groups and the processes by which such norms are promulgated within groups are discussed. Norm talk or the communication of normative information within groups is explored, as a major proportion of communication within groups is dedicated to clarifying ingroup identities and group attributes such as attitudes and behaviors that characterize the group. Group members can glean normative information by attending to norm talk for instance, by listening to the content of fellow group members’ communications, from their behavior, and from influential or prototypical sources within the group.

According to self-categorization theory, once individuals categorize themselves as members of a salient group or category, they represent normative information cognitively as ingroup prototypes. Prototypes are a fuzzy set of group attributes (such as attitudes and behaviors that characterize the group) and simultaneously minimize differences within groups while maximizing differences between groups. Thus, clear group prototypes help create distinct identities that are clearly demarcated from other groups. Group members should be especially attentive to information that flows from prototypical sources within groups—such as leaders and ingroup media sources—while efforts should be made to differentiate from marginal or deviant members who deviate from the prototype and reduce clarity of ingroup prototypes. The processes through which attending to information communicated by different sources within groups—both prototypical and non-prototypical—help group members seek normative information and clarification of ingroup prototypes are discussed.
Is Democracy a Cause of Peace?
Authors: Reiter Dan
Published: January 2017

Essentially all scholars agree that the levels of violent conflict, especially wars, within democratic pairs of states are significantly lower than levels of violent conflict within other pairs of states. However, debate rages as to whether this observed correlation is causal or spurious. Does democracy actually cause peace? Answering this question is critical for both scholarly and policy debates.

Critics have lodged two sets of arguments proposing that the observed correlation between democracy and peace does not mean that democracy causes peace. First, some claim that the peace observed among democracies is not caused by regime type, but rather by other factors such as national interest, economic factors, and gender norms. These critics often present statistical analyses in which inclusion of these or other factors render the democracy independent variable to be statistically insignificant, leading them to draw the conclusion that democracy does not cause peace.

The second critique claims that there is a causal relationship between democracy and peace, but peace causes democracy and not the reverse. Peaceful international environments permit democracy to emerge, and conflictual international environments impede democracy. Though peace causes democracy, democracy does not cause peace.

Careful examination of the theoretical claims of these critiques and especially the pertinent empirical scholarship produces two general conclusions. First, there is enough evidence to conclude that democracy does cause peace at least between democracies, that the observed correlation between democracy and peace is not spurious. Second, this conclusion notwithstanding, the critiques do make important contributions, in the sense that they demonstrate that several factors (including democracy) cause peace, that there may be some qualifications or limitations to the scope of the democratic peace, and that causality among factors like democracy and peace is likely bidirectional, part of a larger dynamic system.