bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy-Related Acute Kidney Injury, Dialysis Versus Conservative Management in the Nephrology Ward
Authors: Anwar Shahid , Anwar Zahid , Kanwal Andleeb , Mazhar Sobia , Akram Mateen
Published: January 2022

Aim: To determine the overall frequency of patients suffering from P-AKI in the third trimester requiring dialysis as compared to conservative management. Study Design: Prospective study Place and Duration: Nephrology department of Fatima Jinnah Medical University/Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore from 3rd June 2017 to 31st December 2017. Methodology: 106 pregnant women having age 15 to 45 years with AKI during the third trimester or postpartum period (42 days of delivery) who were hemodynamically stable and shifted to the Nephrology department without any surgical intervention or ICU requirements were included in the study. For the diagnosis of AKI, KDIGO guidelines were utilized. After taking informed consent from patients, current clinical data, baseline S. Cr before pregnancy, and current renal function tests were recorded. Clinical progress was monitored, and patients were treated as per SOPs of the department. Records of conservative management and dialysis were made. Patients were followed up from the day of admission to the date of discharge. Results: The mean age of the patients was 27 ± 4.169 years. Almost 70% (n=74) of the patients had age 15-29 years, while 30 % (n=32) of patients had age 30-45 years. The mean creatinine of the patients was 4.76 ± 3.55 mg/dl. The frequency of patients requiring dialysis was 23.6% (n=25) and 76.4% patients (n=81) were treated conservatively. Patients who received conservative management, 55 patients (67.9%) had full recovery of renal functions, 25(30.9%) had mildly raised serum creatinine (1.3 to 2mg/dl), and only 1.2% had S. Cr of more than 3mg/dl. 14(56%) were off hemodialysis while 11(44%) were needed regular hemodialysis. Of those who were off hemodialysis, 6(24%) had complete recovery, 5(20%) had mildly raised serum creatinine and 1(4%) had moderate derangement of S.Cr. Of those patients who were discharged on dialysis 13(52%) had severely deranged serum creatinine. Conclusion: It is concluded that conservative treatment is effective for renal recovery with short hospital stay. Sepsis is leading cause of P-AKI in third trimester. HD is required only in 23.6% of P-AKI patients in Nephrology ward. Keywords: Pregnancy, Acute Kidney Injury, Conservative Management, Dialysis
Comparison of Post Isometric Relaxation of Gluteus Maximus and Static Stretching of Hip Flexors on Pain and Functional Status in Patients with Anterior Innominate Dysfunction
Authors: Asad Farwa , Hafeez Sana , Saeed Sameen , Riaz Saima , Ramzan Khan Rehan , Bashir Awan Aleena
Published: January 2022

Objective: To compare the effects of Post Isometric Relaxation (PIR) of gluteus maximus and Static Stretching (SS) of hip flexors on pain and functional status in patients with Anterior Innominate Dysfunction. Methodology: A quasi experimental trial was conducted on thirty six patients of Anterior Innominate Dysfunction. All were randomly allocated to post isometric relaxation group and static stretching group. Both groups were treated with 12 treatment sessions in 4 weeks at frequency of 3 sessions per week. Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Modified Oswestry Disability Index (MODI) were used to measure the treatment effect at baseline, after 2 weeks and after 4 weeks. Data was analyzed by SPSS 21. Results: Mean Age of Group A (PIR) was 34.28±7.76 and Group B (SS) was 35.72±7.16. Mean BMI of participants was 23.84±3.29. Across group, both post isometric relaxation and static stretching had shown significant results with P value <0.05. But within group, post isometric relaxation had shown more significant results as compared to static stretching with P value <0.05. Conclusion: Both treatment techniques; Post isometric relaxation and Static stretching are effective and produced significant difference in NPRS and MODI score to improve pain and functional status but PIR had shown more promising results in patients with anterior innominate dysfunction. Key words: Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction (SIJD), Muscle Energy Technique (MET), MODI (Modified Oswestry Disability Index).
In-Hospital Outcomes of ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Presenting with Sustained Ventricular Arrhythmias before Revascularization
Authors: Ali Irfan , Kumar Ashok , Ahmed Shaikh Naveed , Adeel Qamar Muhammad , Ali Amjad , Kumar Rajesh
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine the in-hospital outcomes after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and develop sustained ventricular arrhythmia before revascularization. Methodology: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Adult Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, from August 31, 2019, to February 29, 2020. All patients with STEMI who had developed sustained ventricular arrhythmias and underwent revascularization via primary PCI were included. The patients were kept under observation during their hospital stay to document in-hospital mortality. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Results: Total 146 patients were included with a mean age of 54.41±12.75 years. There were 93 (63.7%) males and 53 (36.3%) females. When risk factors were assessed, hypertension was noted in 82 (56.2%) patients, diabetes mellitus in 62 (42.5%), 65 (44.5%) were smokers., and 49 (33.6%) were obese. There were 53 (36.3%) patients with a family history of ischemic heart disease. In-hospital mortality was documented in 28 (19.2%) patients. When stratification was done, significant associations were seen with hypertension (p=0.025), diabetes mellitus (p=0.002), and family history (p=0.003). Conclusion: It is to be concluded that mortality is considerably high after PCI in patients with STEMI who developed sustained ventricular arrhythmia before revascularization. Obesity, family history, and diabetes contribute directly to the development of MI. More epidemiological studies are necessary to evaluate risk factors of in-hospital mortality in this already compromised group of patients Keywords: Revascularization, Myocardial Infarction, Sustained Ventricular Arrhythmias, ST-Segment
Mothers’ Lived Experiences in Caring for Adolescents with Leukemia in the Northeast of Thailand
Authors: Saritshasombat Patrapon , Sangchart Bampenchit
Published: January 2022

Aim: This research was to explored the lived experiences of the mothers caring for adolescents with leukemia, using a qualitative research method based on the concept of interpretative phenomenology/ hermeneutic phenomenology. Methods: Data were collected by in-depth interviews with 15 mothers of the adolescents with leukemia who had been treated or followed up for treatment in the pediatric cancer ward and the pediatric outpatient department in a tertiary hospital in the northeastern region of Thailand. The qualitative data were analyzed based on the technique of Diekelmann and Allen. Results: The study results revealed the meanings of mothers caring for adolescents with leukemia and experience of leukemia, which can be summarized into the following key points. 1) The meaning of life as mothers of adolescents with leukemia was defined as a suffer life. 2) The lived experiences of mothers of adolescents with leukemia consisted of 3 sub-themes: (1) caring with patience (providing care based on the symptoms, strengthening the mind, need to be the ones who suffer instead of seeing their children suffer), (2) a life of struggle (financial struggles, psychological struggles, supporting received) and (3) beliefs and care (beliefs -based care and beliefs -based parenting). Conclusion: The results of this research led to a clearer understanding about the experiences of mothers of adolescents with leukemia. The data from the study can be used to support practice and management of nursing education and research in the future. Keywords: Mothers’ Lived Experiences, Caring, Adolescents with Leukemia, Phenomenology
The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Deteriorating VO2max and Diminished Mitochondrial Biogenesis During Aging
Authors: Ağaşcioğlu Eda Akkiz , Oflaz Ofcan
Published: January 2022

Aging seems to be inevitable and gradual loss of physical activity is associated with frailty and many age-related disorders. Exercise is the way of keeping a healthy life and delaying aging process. Deterioration in pulmonary vital capacity is inevitable, and mitochondrial biogenesis also diminishes with aging. Regular aerobic exercise alleviates the diminishing vital capacity while increasing mitochondrial biogenesis in aging. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor c coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1a), which is the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, is activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Exercise-induced lactate leads to formation of ROS and synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) at physiological level. PGC1a regulation by NO seems to be controversial. Over the physiological limit of ROS and NO has toxic effects in cellular environment with reduced antioxidant activities in aging. Overall, exercise seems to be beneficial option to alleviate reduction rate of vital capacity and to enhance mitochondrial biogenesis via lactate-induced ROS formation. Keywords: Aging, Exercise, Maximum oxygen consumption rate, Lungs vital capacity, Mitochondria Biogenesis.
Effects of Gaze Stability Exercises with Proprioception Training to Improve Gait and Functional Independence in Cerebellar Ataxic Patients
Authors: Mukhtar Tehreem , Afzal Pt Adnan , Hussain Sara , Waris Misbah , Majeed Rabia , Waris Sadaf
Published: January 2022

Objective: To compare the effects of gaze stability exercises with proprioception training to improve gait and functional independence in cerebellar ataxic patients. Methods: A Quasi experimental study was conducted in the physiotherapy department in Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan from January 2018 to June 2018.All patients were diagnosed with cerebellar ataxia and referred by neurophysician to physiotherapy department. Forty-six (46) patients were divided into two equal groups by lottery method. (Group A =proprioception training), (Group B =gaze stability with proprioception training). Data was analyzed by using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) 21. Results: In group A, males were 13(56.5%) and females 10(43.5%) while in Group B, males were 12(52.2%) and females 11(47.8%). Mean ages were (71.3±8.47) years in Group A and (70±7.67) years in Group B. Pre and Post Functional Independence Measure (FIM)score in groups A and B with mean and standard deviation were 13.08±1.86 and 15.43±1.74 respectively. Pre and Post Timed Up and Go (TUG) test score in groups A and B with mean and standard deviation were 0.79± 0.26 and 0.97 ±0.39 respectively. Both groups were statistically significant (P value ≤ 0.05) but on the basis of mean ± standard deviation Group B method was more effective than Group A. Conclusion: Gaze stability exercises added the effects of proprioception training in improving gait and functional independence in cerebellar ataxic patients. Keywords: Cerebellar ataxia, gaze, patients, proprioception
Demographic Profile and Clinical Spectrum of Alcoholic Liver Disease among Males in Pakistan
Authors: Arshad Aifa , Aslam Shaikh Muhammad , Zaheer Ahmad Bin , Joher Imran , Hussain Aamir
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Alcohol is the most common substance abused in western world. Males tend to have more severe liver disease because of heavy and regular drinking. Methods: Adult patients, 16 years of age and older, diagnosed with ALD within 1 year, were included in the study. Liver disease from other causes was excluded. Demographic profiles, clinical features, laboratory and endoscopic findings of the patients, Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP), Model End Stage Liver Disease (MELD) were recorded. Results: A total of 104 patients with ALD who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the patients enrolled in the study was 49.2 years (SD = 13.1). Most of the patients were in the 30-65 age group. The four most common clinical symptoms in patients were abdominal distension (n = 89, 85.6%), bilateral lower limb edema (n = 78, 75%), jaundice (n = 39, 37.5%) and anorexia (n = 41, 39.4%). Of 104 patients, 96 (92.3%) had cirrhosis, 9 (8.7%) had fatty liver and alcoholic hepatitis. Of 94 patients with ALD, 49(52.1%) had CTP grade C and 83 (88.3%) had MELD score ≥ 16. Conclusions: ALD was mainly observed in young patients. The most common clinical symptoms were abdominal distension, bilateral oedema of the lower limbs, jaundice and anorexia. Among patients with cirrhosis of the liver, the majority of patients were CTP class C and obtained a MELD score ≥16. Keywords: Alcoholic liver disease, clinical profile, demographic profile
Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions (Adrs) Practice of Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Mohamed Elsadig Yousif
Published: January 2022

Aim: To assess pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reactions practice of healthcare professionals in Ribat University Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study to evaluate pharmacovigilance and ADRs practice among physicians, pharmacist and nurses working in the National Ribat University, Khartoum, Sudan. The sample size was calculated as 100. Data were collected by a pre-tested questionnaire after obtaining ethics approval. Data analysis was performed by SPSS software. Results: The HCPs who acquired good and poor pharmacovigilance practice were 16 (16%) and 84 (84%) respectively. Ninety-eight (98%) of the healthcare professionals have ever experienced ADR in their patients during professional practice. Ninety-four (94%) have ever seen ADR reporting form. Forty (40%) have ever reported ADR to the pharmacovigilance center. Pharmacists, Physicians and nurses with good practice were30.8%, 18.4% and 7.9% respectively. Conclusion: Most healthcare professionals acquire good pharmacovigilance practice. The pharmacist acquires higher level of pharmacovigilance practice followed by physicians and nurses. Healthcare professionals with shorter years of experience have significantly higher pharmacovigilance practice. Keywords: Pharmacovigilance, Adverse Drug Reactions, Healthcare Professionals
Prevalence of Vestibular Dysfunction with Presbycusis among Elderly in Malaysia
Authors: Amin Onn Mohammed , Daud Khairi Md , Salim Rosdan
Published: January 2022

Objectives: This study aims to determine the prevalence of vestibular dysfunction in the Malaysian elderly and its association with presbycusis, age and other associated risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in a tertiary otorhinolaryngology department and the community. Adults aged 60 years and above who attended the ORL CLINIC with or without presbycusis were invited to participate. The main outcome measures, including the Malay Version Vertigo Symptoms Scale, pure tone audiometry and vestibular assessment, were obtained using a Video Head Impulse Test (VHIT). Results: The prevalence of vestibular dysfunction with presbycusis in the study population of 135 participants was 46.7 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval, 24.0 to 36.2 per cent). The median age was 68 years (range, 60–86 years). The A chi-square test of independence showed that there was significant association between Presbycusis and Tinnitus, X2 (1, N = 135) = 97.37, p < .001. A chi-square test of independence was performed to examine the relation between presbycusis and dizziness. The relation between these variables was significant, X2 (2, N = 135) = 28.42, p < .001. A chi-square test of independence showed that there was no significant association between presbycusis and VHIT, X2 (1, N = 135) = .01, p = .938. Conclusion: Vestibular dysfunction is independently associated with ageing and presbycusis. More research investigating the advantages of additional screening for vestibular dysfunction in older presbycusis patients is needed. Key words: Elderly; Presbycusis; Vestibular dysfunction; Video Head Impulse Test (VHIT)
Application of a Nursing Care Protocol Based on King's Theory of Goal Attainment: a Pre-Experimental Study
Authors: Joseph Smitha Sunny , Ann George Reshmy , Jose Reny , Sebastian Bindhu
Published: January 2022

Objective: Peripheral Intravenous catheterization is a common clinical procedure that demands a high level of nursing competency. This study intends to assess the effect of nursing care protocol for peripheral intravenous therapy on knowledge and practice of registered nurses and the association between pretest knowledge scores and selected socio-demographic variables using King’s conceptual framework and Goal Attainment Theory. Methodology: One group- pretest-posttest design, was used with self - reports and observation methods to collect knowledge and practice data from 30 registered nurses selected by simple random sampling (lottery method). Structured questionnaire and checklist based on personal, interpersonal, and social system of king’s conceptual system was used to assess the knowledge and practice of registered nurses, respectively. Results: Even though 30% of the nurses had attended previous continuing education on peripheral intravenous therapy, only 3.3% had very good knowledge. There was a significant difference in the knowledge and practice after implementation of the nursing care protocol. The pre-test knowledge scores have association with attendance in previous continuing nursing education. Conclusion: Study findings reveals the advantages of protocol development and improved knowledge and practice of nurses, which in turn obviously increase the health status of the patients and quality index of the hospital. Recommendation: The novice nurses can be educated on the protocol as a hospital policy enhancing the effectiveness of nursing care. Its implication can be evaluated using nursing audit at periodic intervals. Keywords: King’s conceptual framework, Goal Attainment Theory, nursing care protocol, peripheral intravenous therapy, knowledge, and practice.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Urine Analysis (DR) in Suspicious Cases of Urinary Tract Infections by Taking Urine Culture as Gold Standard
Authors: Ali Akhtar , Ali Shahzad , Kumar Valecha Naresh , Ahmed Khan Saeed
Published: January 2022

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of common clinical condition encountered in various clinical settings. This the most common infection, typically diagnosed on the basis history and clinical examination endorsed by urine analysis and culture sensitivity. Timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial in management. For diagnosis of UTI, Urine culture is standard, as it provide detail information for urinary pathogens, but it has certain disadvantages e.g. urine culture is costly, takes longer time, and up to 60-80% of the results are negative. Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of urinalysis (Urine DR) in detection of urinary tract infection (UTI) among suspected cases of UTI by taking urine culture as gold standard. Materials And Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at study was conducted at Department of Urology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC) Karachi, from march 2021 to September 2021. All patients who visited to JPMC Karachi and fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the study after getting Informed consent. All patients were evaluated by urinalysis and urine culture. The results of urinalyses were recorded and compared with the results obtained on subsequent urine cultures. All of the specimens were obtained by the “clean-catch” method. All data and results were recorded on proforma and used electronically for research purpose. Results: Mean ± SD of age was 52.6±8.5 years. In distribution of gender, 60 (53.1%) patients were male while 53 (46.9%) were female patients. Diagnostic accuracy of urinalysis was 73.45% in diagnosis of urinary tract infection with sensitivity 76.47%, specificity 72.15% PPV 54.17% and NPV was found to be 87.69% by using urine culture findings as gold standard. Conclusion: It is to be concluded that evaluating of urinary tract infection (UTI) with urinalysis (Urine DR) did not prove helpful and comparable to urine culture. Urine culture should be done in each and every suspected case of UTI. Keywords: Bacteriuria, Diagnostic Accuracy, Sensitivity, Specificity, Urinalysis
Teachers' Perceptions of Netiquette Practices by undergraduate Dental Students During Online Classes in Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Iqbal Sana , Hanif Rabia , Ali Fatima , Tahir Manya , Minhas Rafia , Yasmeen Rahila , Khokhar Aamna , Laique Talha
Published: January 2022

Netiquettes are general rules and customs governing social and professional interactions that are considered acceptable. Objectives: To explore Teachers' perceptions of netiquette practices by undergraduate dental students during online classes in COVID-19 pandemic. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional Study. Methodology: Research was conducted in two leading private dental colleges of twin cities. Convenience sampling was done to obtain data. A self-constructed questionnaire comprising of open and close ended questions was disseminated to the dental faculty of both colleges through What’s App groups. Statistical analysis: SPSS software, v 21 analyzed data. Results: Responses from ninety-seven participants showed that students exhibited a casual attitude in online classes and showed lack of interest and motivation. Issues like absenteeism, distraction during classes and use of unfair means during exams were prevalent. Teachers were of the opinion that students should be guided properly on how to attend online classes and provided with constructive feedback. Faculty had a general idea about "netiquettes., however, there was a significant lack of formal knowledge regarding netiquette rules and standards. On account of this, most of the participants reported the lack of institutional guidelines for netiquette standards and practices. Therefore, a need for documented netiquettes policy in educational institutes was suggested. Conclusion: We concluded that accrediting bodies and medical institutions should formulate a policy of netiquette practices. Implementation of netiquette practices in the undergraduate curriculum is the need of time. Key Words: Netiquette Practices, Undergraduate Students, E-learning and Online Teaching.
Assessment of Psychological Behaviour among Internet Users students in Secondary Schools at Mosul City
Authors: Tariq Al-Noimi Zeyad
Published: January 2022

Backgrounds and Aims: The term "Internet user" refers to anybody who has a computer and can access the Internet from anywhere in the world. This research sought to examine the amount of internet usage among students by gender, sleep problems among students by gender, and aggressive behaviour among students by gender. To examine the extent to which pupils exhibit withdrawal symptoms based on their gender, and to evaluate the degree to which students exhibit violent behaviour based on their gender. Patients and Methods: A descriptive design was carried out from 15th, January 2021 through 29th, March 2021 to achieve the present study's objectives. The research participants were 100 pupils from Nineveh Education Directorate secondary schools, ranging in age from 13 to 17 years. The data collection period was from the 20th of January to the 1st of February 2021 in order to fulfil the present study's objectives. This scale is prepared to be applied by an interview with pupils Aggressive Behavior Scale, Internet Addiction Test, Social Withdrawal Scale to achieve the goals of the study, The validity of the scale, was done through a review of 10 experts of different specialties related to the field of the present study were chosen. Results: The findings revealed that most pupils had equal male and females pupils had mild use of the Internet, the majority of the similar male and females pupils had soft sleep disorders, excessive aggressive behavior is the highest percentage and frequency in females, outrageous aggressive behavior is the highest percentage and frequency in male, the male and females pupils had similar mild withdrawal symptom, the male more than female had excessive eating disorders. Conclusions: the equal male and females students had mild use of the Internet. The majority of similar male and females students had soft sleep disorders. Excessive aggressive behavior is the highest percentage and frequency in females. The male and females students had similar mild withdrawal symptoms—the male more than female had extreme eating disorders. Conclusion: assist students in expressing their problems, and understand their motivations for behaviors, and make them continue interaction with their communities. Integration care of students with excessive internet usage in all spectrums (psychiatry, healthy, socially, and educationally). Having instructors and parents utilise excessive amounts of the Internet to connect with children. Training teachers on the correct diagnosis of students with excessive usage of the Internet. Keywords: Psychological behaviour, Internet Users.
Current Trends in Nosocomial Associated UTI (NAUTI) in Urology Ward
Authors: Kumar Valecha Naresh , Ismailpur Hamzeh , Alsadi Abdulmunium , Bagheri Fariborz , Ahmed Khan Saeed , Zuhaib Zafar Mohammad
Published: January 2022

Background: Nosocomial associated urinary tract infections are common, which not only causes morbidity and mortality but also increases cost of health related expenditure in urology patients. Such infections are more difficult to treat because of presence of risk factors e.g. stone, reduced kidney functions. Limited studies are available which focus on type of organisms involved in NAUTI and their presentation in urology departments. Objective: To determine the proportion of microorganisms involved in Nosocomial associated urinary tract infections (NAUTI) and their presentations in urology ward. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Dubai Hospital in Dubai UAE, from 2017-2018. All patients, who were admitted in urology department with negative urine cultures, were included in study. Urine cultures were sent at time of discharge and a week after discharge from hospital. Patients were followed up in outdoor at first and second week. Results: Total 475 patients were included in this study in given time period. 315(66.31%) patients were male and 160(33.68%) patients were female. On their first follow up after a week, Urine cultures, which were sent at discharge time reveals,73(15.36%) patient’s urine cultures were positive, out of them 21(28.76%) were Mixed Bacterial Growth (MBG). E.coli was most common organism 20(27.39%) in which 11(15.06%) were ESBL positive, klebsiela 9(12.32%) in which 4(5.47%) were ESBL positive. Other organisms include Psuedomonas 4(5.47%), candida 16(21.91%) and enterococcus 3(4.11%). Frequency of candida was second highest, probably because of use of antibiotics during admission. Conclusion: Prevalence of NAUTI in urology is 19.79% (94/475 patients). Enterobacterale species were main responsible organisms for NAUTI in Urology ward. E.coli was most common organism isolated and klebsiela was second most common. Key words: Nosocomial UTI, ESBL UTI, Urology ward
Protective Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid on Salt Induced Microscopic Changes in Femur of Female Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Anjum Kaukab , Mahmood Nomana , Abbasi Sumaira , Yasser Ayesha , Zakria Iram , Zafar Maleeha
Published: January 2022

Osteoporosis is a major risk factor for fracture affects an enormous number of people of both genders worldwide. Objectives: To evaluate the shielding effect of omega-3 fatty acids on high salt induced histological findings in femur of rats. Study Design: Randomized Control Trial. Methodology: Female rats (n=30) were divided into three groups. Group A recieved high salt diet (8%NaCl) while group B recieved omega-3-treated salt loaded diet receiving 260 mg/kg body weight with 8% NaCl solution (8 weeks), control group received standard diet. Tissue from mid shaft and proximal end of femur was obtained to study the osteoblast number, mid cortical bone thickness and trabecular bone architecture. Statistical analysis: SPSS software, v 21 analyzed data. Results: Protective effects were seen in Omega-3 fatty acid supplemented experimental group B with increase in osteoblast number, mid cortical bone thickness and increase in microstructure of trabeculae. Conclusion: We concluded that dietary nutrient like omega-3 fatty acid is a helpful tool in eliminating adverse effects of salt on bones by enhancing osteoblastic activity thus reducing its remodeling. Keywords: Bone, Osteoblast, Omega-3 fatty acid, Salt and Trabeculae.
Efficacy of Aloe Vera Gel in Dry Socket After Removal of Mandibuler Third Molar
Authors: Kumar Raj , Hussain Fida , Ilyas Muhammad , . Lavina , Ahmed Ashfaque , Hassan Syed Ghazanfar , Shams Salman
Published: January 2022

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of Aloe Vera gel in management of dry socket after surgical removal of 3rd molar. Study Design & Setting: From December 2020 to November 2021, a descriptive research was conducted in the Section of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Hyderabad, Sindh. Methodology: Total 70 patients were included and divided equally in two groups i.e. Group-A (Alveora dressing) and Group-B (Controls). Dry socket, pre-operative assessment was carried out on the basis of pain Visual analog scale (VAS) and healing index. Socket was irrigated with sterile saline 0.9% in experimental group. In control group, patient were given tablet Panadol 1gm SOS. Patients were evaluated post operatively at 1st, 2nd, and 3rd day on the basis of pain (VAS) and healing index. Results: In group-A mean postoperative VAS at day-1, day-2 and day-3 was 6.69±2.59, 3.17±2.39 and 1.14±1.03 respectively. In group-B it was 7.77±2.03, 6.97±2.14 and 4.57±2.57. In group-A, mean postoperative healing scale at day-1, day-2 and day-3 was 2.83±0.56, 3.49±0.61 and 4.37±0.73 respectively and in group-B it was 2.31±0.58, 2.63±0.69 and 3.26±0.65 respectively. Significant association of pain intensity at day-2 and day-3 and healing index (at day-1, day-2 and day-3) was observed. Conclusion: Aloe Vera gel significantly reduced postoperative pain and improve healing index. Keywords: Effectiveness, Aloe Vera Gel, Dry Socket, Surgical Removal, Third Molar
Writing a Feedback
Authors: Sarfraz Farrukh , Razaq Nadeem , Sarfraz Fahad , Ikram Sadia , Rubab Khan Saima , Saif Ullah Muhammad
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Writing or composing has been seen an issue to several of undergraduates students, composing has been the most difficult micro skill of all times. Feedback plays an essential part in composing process. Considering the issues in composing classes, the point of this study was to see at a planning procedure through which language learners can make self-confidence, be impelled, advance the quality of publication, secure communications through composing and taking after feedbacks. Objective: To investigate the purpose of students’ attitude towards peer-feedback and facilitator feedback. Materials and Methods: Study design: Quantitative cross sectional Settings: Azra Naheed Medical College Duration: Six months i.e. 1st January 2021 to 30th June 2021 Methodology: This is quantitative cross sectional study conducted in the medical undergraduate’s students at Azra Naheed medical college Lahore. Total participants were 200 selected after taking the informed consent. Students have an idea of giving and receiving feedback. A validated questionnaire was circulated to elicit students thought about the effectiveness regarding feedback in academics. The data was entered an analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: Results revealed maximum students showed positive attitude. As collectively 3% students are strongly disagree, 14% are disagree, 17.5% are neutral, 38% are agree and 17.5% are strongly agree. Conclusion: The main issue in this study was to explore participants state of mind towards peer and teacher-feedback. This study showed that medical students showed positive attitude towards giving and receiving peer feedback. Most of the participants may consider that facilitators composed observations have fruitful technique to move forward the quality of their writing. Likely since they acknowledged that facilitators had more data. Consequently, this study help the participants to think fundamentally rather than living in anxiety and it has been only due to the facilitator’s feedback. Keywords: feedback, writing, peer feedback, academic writing
Examination of Nutritional Knowledge Levels and Nutritional Attitudes of Badminton Athletes
Authors: Turğut Mine , , Bozkuş Taner , Özmekik Murat , , Kocakulak Şükran
Published: January 2022

Aim: This study aimed to examine the nutritional knowledge levels and nutritional attitudes of badminton athletes in Turkey. Method: The screening model was used in our research. After giving preliminary information about the survey to the participants, a total of 207 volunteer athletes (92 (44.4%) female and 115 (55.6%) male athletes) participated in the study voluntarily. In the research, a personal information form was used in the first part, and a nutrition questionnaire consisting of two main parts was applied in the nutrition-related part. The first part of the nutrition questionnaire measured the nutritional knowledge level of the participants, and the second part measured their nutritional attitudes. The data obtained for the research were first transferred to the computer environment and then analyzed through the SPSS 22.0 package program. Results: According to the results of the study, it was observed that the nutritional attitude values of the female participants were higher than the males, and this difference was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Considering the nutritional attitudes of the national athletes according to the being national athlete status variable of the participants, it was determined that the mean scores were higher than the non-national athletes and this situation was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: When the results were examined, it was observed that the athletes who took nutrition lessons had higher nutritional knowledge and attitudes than those who did not, and national athletes had higher nutritional knowledge and attitudes than non-national athletes. The fact that national athletes can be in the camp environment at an early age and work with experts was inevitably beneficial for their nutritional knowledge and attitude. Keywords: Badminton, Nutrition Knowledge and Attitude
Investigation of Some Physiological Parameters in Women Taken Teraband Exercise Training
Authors: Turğut Mine , Bozkuş Taner
Published: January 2022

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of a six-week theraband (strength band) exercise program on some physiological parameters in sedentary women. Method: The pretest-posttest model was used in the study. Before the study, the participants were asked whether they had any health problems. In this study, 34 volunteer women with a mean age of 26.91±2.64 years and a mean height of 164.20±4.36 who regularly attended a private sports centre were included in the study. Before and after the exercise program, body weight, fat percentage, and blood samples were taken in the morning on an empty stomach by experts in the appropriate laboratory environment at the health institution. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 22.0 package program. Paired Sample T Test was applied to compare the values before and after exercise. Results: As a result, it was determined that sedentary women who regularly performed theraband exercise for six weeks had a positive effect on their weight, fat percentage and blood lipids (Triglyceride, Cholesterol, HDL and LDL) levels (p<0.05). Conclucions: As a result, since the teraband (strength band) exercises we applied in our study were both affordable and can be easily performed by individuals at home, it has great importance for health that these exercises can be promoted more, and people's awareness. Keywords: Teraband, Exercise, Blood lipid
Comparison of Oral Health Problems in Children: A Cross Sectional Survey in Pakistan
Authors: Sana Aleeza , Arshad Maheen , Saba Khan Aleshba , Shakoor Asma , Sajjad Sadia , Jamil Yousaf , Tariq Amina
Published: January 2022

Aim: To determine and compare the oral health, in term of oral health, community periodontal and DMFT index, of primary and elementary school children. Subjects and method: In this study 694 students were examined for oral health. 347 students were from primary school whereas other half were from elementary school. The sample population was selected via a purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using Simplified oral health index (OHI-s), community periodontal index (CPI) and decay missing Filled tooth (DMFT). Results: in the study 39(11.2%) of primary school students and 49(14.1%) of elementary school students have poor oral hygiene. Similarly among primary school students 62(17.9%) have bleeding gums and 30(8.6%) of the students have calculus teeth. Among elementary school students 74(21.3%) have bleeding gums and 40(11.5%) of the students have calculus teeth. Conclusion: In primary and elementary school students simplified oral health index and community periodontal index was satisfactory and no difference was observed whereas on the basis of decay missing Filled tooth index primary school students have low average score. Keywords: Oral health, school, children, cross sectional survey
Prevalence of Substance use Among Depressed Female Patients
Authors: Iqbal Afridi Muhammad , Lal Chooni , Ameen Dharwarwala Rozeena , Akbar Dars Jawed , Iqbal Fariha , Kumar Juseja Anoop
Published: January 2022

Depressive disorder is a common mental disorder and one of the leading causes of disability around the globe. It is characterized by depressed mood, lack of enjoyment, decreased activity, negative thoughts and reduced concentration for at least two weeks. Globally 350 million people are suffering from depression and 18.34 million people from Southeast Asia alone. Major depressive disorder is growing in overall disease burden around the world. It is predicted to be the leading cause of disease burden by 2030, and it is already the leading cause in women worldwide. Depression affects the prefrontal cortex, cingulate gyrus, amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus and hypothalamus. These brain regions are involved in the regulation of motivation, eating, sleeping, energy level, circadian rhythm, and responses to rewarding and aversive stimuli, which are all abnormal in depressed people.
Impact of Job Stress on Employee Performance among Paramedical Staff during Covid-19
Authors: Hamza Muhammad , Hussain Shafqat , Sarfraz Zenab , Shaikh Gul Muhammad , Waheed Shahid , Malik Khizar Ansar , Tariq Amina
Published: January 2022

Objective: The study aimed to explore the job stress on the performance of paramedical staff working in dental hospital during Covid-19 pandemic Methodology: The study conducted on 75 participants from Paramedical staff at tertiary care teaching hospital using convenient sampling technique. Currently employed paramedical staff was the participant of interest. All basic demographic information of each variable (age, gender, qualification, experience, and residency) was also recorded. Analysis was carried out by applying ANOVA test. Results: The results of One-way ANOVA revealed that there was a negative significant difference in the job performance of paramedical staff due to the stress they are facing in their institution (F= 15.74, P>.001). Conclusion: Paramedical staff is facing stress due to insecurity of job which is effecting their job performance. Keywords: Covid-19, Corona virus, paramedical staff, dental college
Evaluation of Renal Function and Plasma Osmolality among Covid-19 Patients in Sudan
Authors: Mubarak Shomos A. , Alameen Alneel A. A. , Elzein Husham O. , Ibrahim Mohamed Siddig , Hassan Maha B. , Elzein Amna. O. M.
Published: January 2022

Objective: COVID-19 is a very serious disease and is considered a pandemic by the WHO. The aim of this study is to determine the renal function and serum osmolality among COVID-19 patients in Khartoum state, Sudan. Method: This is retrospective study was conducted in Gebra Hospital, Khartoum state, Sudan from April 2021 to August 2021. The study enrolled 50 patients with Covid-19 and 50 healthy individuals as a control group. After all the enrolled participants signed the informed consent the samples were analyzed for Creatinine, Urea, Sodium, and potassium. By using an A25 fully automated chemistry analyzer, and serum Osmolality (mOsm / kg) was calculated according to Smithline and Gardner formula. Results: The study revealed a significant increase of the mean of Urea (P.value = 0.001), Creatinine (P.value = 0.001), however significant decrease in the mean of e GFR (P.value<0.05) on the first day of the admission. There was a significant increase in the mean of plasma Urea, Creatinine, and eGFR on the 7th day of admission when compared with the first day, P.value = (0.0001), (0.001), (0.001), respectively. The study revealed a significant difference in plasma Osmolality in COVID-19 patients (280.73 ±16.10 mOsm/kg) when compared with the control group (288.13 ±3.42 mOsm/kg), P.value = 0.0. Conclusion: COVID-19 does not affect only the lungs; it can also affect the kidney. This study concluded that there were an elevated serum creatinine, blood urea, and low glomerular filtration, and there was a significant difference in serum osmolality in COVID- 19 than in the healthy group. Keywords: COVID -19; Serum Osmolality; eGFR; Renal function; Sudan.
Prevalence of Caries and it’s Association with Oral Health Literacy in Children of Ngo’s
Authors: Mustajab Mishaal , Imtiaz Aimen , Nauman Umar Muhammad , Javed Danish , Zafar Sana , Fahim Ayesha
Published: January 2022

Aim: The study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of dental caries and its association with oral health literacy among under privileged children of NGOs (Non-governmental organization). Methodology: The main target of our research was to collect data of children studying at different NGOs (Non-governmental organization). Out of 4756 registered NGOs (Non-governmental organization) of Punjab, 2 were selected; The Noor Project and SOS Village. A total of 382 NGO’s (Non-governmental organization) children aged 5-11 years old were examined for dental caries and oral hygiene. The data was collected through a validated questionnaire and a standard method of dmft screening was used. Results: Exploratory analyses were performed to examine the distributions of the data and to identify outliers and missing data. Bivariate analyses were used to explore the associations between each of the covariates and OHL via Pearson’s χ2 statistics for categorical variables. The p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. There was significant association between oral health status and poor OHL amongst children. Keywords: Children, Oral Health, Survey, NGO, Lahore.
The Effect of Intraperitoneal Administration of Dexamethasone on Abdominal Pain and Shoulder Pain after Selected Cholecystectomy by Laparoscopic Method
Authors: Neshan Mahdi , Kargar Saeed , Shiryazdi Seyed Mostafa , Zare Mohammad , Amooei Abdolhamid , Meybodi Amir Hossein Emami
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the standard treatment of cholecystitis. In comparison to open surgery, it has advantages such as a shorter recovery period and a shorter hospital stay. One of the side effects of this treatment is abdominal and shoulder pain after surgery. The purpose of this study was to see how intraperitoneal dexamethasone affects abdominal and shoulder pain following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods and materials: This study included 70 patients aged 18-70 years who were candidate for laparoscopic elective cholecystectomy. Using a random number table, patients were separated into two equal groups. In the first group, after laparoscopy and before trocar removal, 20 cc of ringer serum containing 8 mg dexamethasone was sprayed in the diaphragm and peritoneal cavity, and in the second group, 20 cc ringer was sprayed. Visual analog scale (VAS) pain score was used to assess post operation pain. Results: From 6 o'clock on, there was a substantial difference in abdominal pain between the two groups, with the control group experiencing higher pain. From 12 o'clock onwards, there was a strong association between shoulder discomfort in the two groups, and patients in the control group experienced more pain. Furthermore, the control group received more opioids. Patients in the control group experienced higher nausea and vomiting starting 12 hours after surgery. Conclusion: After laparoscopic surgery, dexamethasone can relieve abdominal and shoulder discomfort, as well as nausea and vomiting, and it can also reduce the need for opioids. Dexamethasone appears to be effective in minimizing postoperative complications. Keywords: Postoperative Pain, Intraperitoneal, Dexamethasone, Laparoscopy
Sociedade e natureza: a reconfiguração da paisagem urbana de Maringá -Paraná (PR) e a superpopulação de pombos (Columbídeos)
Authors: Crepaldi Marcelo , Pedroso Mateus , Matsumoto Patricia
Published: January 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é: i) discutir a paisagem urbana de Maringá-PR a partir das alterações que têm ocorrido na relação entre sociedade e natureza por meio da superpopulação de pombos; ii) compreender de que maneira a superpopulação de pombos reflete no desequilíbrio do ambiente, podendo criar um cenário propício a presença de zoonoses. Diante disso, foram mapeadas as notificações de reclamações da presença de pombos de 2001 a 2012 por meio de ferramentas do geoprocessamento. Subsequentemente, aplicou-se técnicas de estatística espacial e foram realizados trabalhos de campo para analisar a área de estudo. Como resultado, foram identificadas duas áreas críticas à presença de pombos, de centralidade destacada, espaços de possível contaminação pela excessiva população destas aves que têm permanecido onde a ação humana se faz presente. Isto posto, destaca-se que esses espaços precisam de intervenções específicas, tais como reeducação ambiental, para que sociedade e natureza possam conviver de maneira mais harmônica.
Isparta’da Koruyucu Aile Uygulaması ve Koruyucu Ailelerin Özellikleri
Authors: SOYER Cennet , AKCA Ümit
Published: January 2022

Korunma ihtiyacı olan çocukların bakımı ve korunması kurum bakımı ve aile bakım yoluyla gerçekleşmektedir. Çocuğun bakımı ve yetiştirilmesini üstlenen, aile ortamında bakımını sağlayan koruyucu aile bakım modeli aile temelli bakım yöntemlerinden biridir. Koruyucu aileler, öz ailesi tarafından bakılamayan çocuğa kurum denetimi altında öz ailenin yerini alarak bakım işlevini yerine getirmektedir. Koruyucu aile bakım modelinin incelendiği bu çalışma; Isparta ilinde gerçekleştirilmiş sosyolojik bir araştırmadır. Bu çalışmada öncelikle aile ve çocuk ilişkisi ele alınarak korunmaya muhtaç çocuklara sunulan hizmetler hakkında genel bilgi verilmiştir. Daha sonra çocuk koruma sistemi içinde önemli bir yere sahip olan koruyucu aile bakım model hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir. Görüşme tekniğinden elde edilen verilerden, Isparta ilinde koruyucu aile olmanın anlam ve önemi, koruyucu aile hizmetinde karşılaşılan güçlükler ve endişeler, koruyucu aile olduktan sonra aile üyeler ve çocuk arasında yaşanan gelişmeler ortaya konulmuştur.