bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WERYFIKACJA OSIĄGNIĘCIA PRZEDMIOTOWYCH EFEKTÓW KSZTAŁCENIA/UCZENIA SIĘ W RAMACH PRAKTYKI NAUCZYCIELSKIEJ – WYBRANE MODELE
Authors: Anna Bąk-Średnicka
Published: February 2020

Quality assessment of intended learning outcomes in teaching practice should reflect current directions in educating preservice teacher candidates. Moreover, it should correspond with recent studies on human behavior in social psychology. A trainee teacher applies the knowledge acquired at university only when confronted by all manner of problems in the complex pedagogical reality. Therefore, the intended learning outcome, which is a key factor in quality teacher education and which should undergo quality assessment (Journal of Laws, 2012), is pedagogical acuity. Pedagogical acuity, so-called “sensitivity to problems” (Kwiatkowska, 1988: 103, 105), is the ability on the part of trainee teachers to reflect-inaction and to reflect-on-action by identifying classroom and out-of-classroom problems and dealing with them in a creative way. The development of pedagogical acuity is not an automatic process and it depends on trainees’ readiness to take autonomous decisions. The aim of the article is twofold. Firstly, it compares three models of assessment, which apply alternative evaluation methods of intended learning outcomes in teaching practice, with regard to the development of autonomous behavior on the part of the trainee. They offer forms of alternative assessment in which narrative texts play a central role; these include discussions, dialogues, journals and/or diaries. Secondly, the article analyses teacher education programs at Polish universities, considering those available online, from the perspective of developing autonomous behavior during teaching practice. The findings reveal that roughly one third of teacher education programs apply alternative assessment in teaching practice. In concluding remarks the author reflects on the significant gap between the assessment preferences of academicians, and proven models applying alternative evaluation methods available in literature mainly in the form of one-off projects.
OCENIANIE KOMPETENCJI STUDENTÓW – PRZYSZŁYCH NAUCZYCIELI JĘZYKA OBCEGO PRZEZ NAUCZYCIELI – OPIEKUNÓW PRAKTYK, NA PRZYKŁADZIE JĘZYKA FRANCUSKIEGO
Authors: Monika Grabowska
Published: February 2020

The aim of this paper is to analyse how French teachers evaluate the didactic skills of students of the Institute of Romance Studies after their three-week teaching practice in a Polish middle or high school. We will be interested primarily in the descriptive evaluation written by the supervising school teachers, which affords an overview of the key competences of foreign language teachers in their own opinion (i.e. their personal theory of teaching) as well as of the terminology used to describe them and reflecting modern or more traditional conceptions of teaching. Our analysis will be carried out with reference to the competences highlighted in a self-evaluation tool, the European Portfolio for Students Teachers of Languages. Conclusions are drawn regarding not only the need to strengthen cooperation between the university and the school teachers to instil a reflective attitude, but also to strengthen the correlation between the tutors’ evaluation and the self-evaluation of thetrainees – not only to develop their autonomy, but also for formative assessment of both the student and the teacher.
Crimea and Liability of Russia and Ukraine under the European Convention on the Protection of Human Rights
Authors: Cwicinskaja Natalia
Published: February 2020

The aim of this article is to present the liability of Russia and Ukraine regarding Crimea under the European Convention on the Protection of Human Rights. The author analyzes pending and possible prospective cases originating from the conflict around Crimea between Ukraine and Russia. Due to the inconsistency in case law of the EC-tHR it is difficult to clearly determine what state will be considered responsible for the violation of the rights of residents of Crimea resulting from the Convention. In author’s opinion the ECtHR could determine that the Russian Federation may be held respon-sible, as well as Ukraine. However, as it seems, the liability of Ukraine will be limited to the positive obligations under the ECHR.
The Protection of Whistle-blowers within the Latest Initiatives of the Council of Europe
Authors: Badźmirowska-Masłowska Katarzyna
Published: February 2020

The protection of whistle-blowers under the Article 10 of ECHR has faced a lot of com-plex problems, which had been a result from the implications of ICT`s development and change of the media environment. The COE is involved in a worldwide debate about changes taking places in a contemporary legal system in the context of the protection of human rights. Therefore, the review of the latest legal initiatives (resolutions, recommendations, etc.) as well as other activities in the field concerned might be helpful to put the question-able issues.As the article is of the introductory character, further analysis is required. Within the human rights approach, it should concern, in particular the legal status of the whistle-blower and the issues, pertaining to legal and alternative ways of her/his protection.
The Significance of Effective Labour Inspectoratesfor Cross-border Labour Mobility
Authors: Ryszka Joanna
Published: February 2020

Efficiently functioning labour inspectorates play a key role for both fair mobility and the protection of workers’ rights. They contribute, for example, to combating and eliminat-ing hazardous working conditions, and ensuring that remuneration and social insurance premiums are actually paid. This is significant in the context of the posting of workers in the framework of the provision of services. Establishing the liability regarding compli-ance with the occupational health and safety regulations is causing serious practical dif-ficulties. Therefore, it is important above all to identify initiatives undertaken at the EU level designed to enhance cooperation of national labour inspectors in this field. It is also important to carry out an assessment whether they work efficiently, require systematis-ing, or perhaps it is necessary to undertake more formalised initiatives, e.g. in the form of a new EU institution.
Interpretation of Art. 54 of the Convention Implementing the Schengen Agreement
Authors: Losy Oskar
Published: February 2020

The paper discusses the problem of the ne bis in idem principle stipulated in the Convention Implementing the Schengen Agreement (CISA) and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. Article 54 of the CISA makes the application of the principle ne bis in idem subject to the condition of execution of the penalty. An analogous condition is not provided for in the Charter. These differences caused doubts regardingthe application of the ne bis in idem principle and were subject of the question for preliminary ruling in the Spasic case (C-129/14 PPU). The paper contains a critical review of the reasoning of the Court of Justice of the European Union in this judgment. In addition, the article also contains an analysis of the CJEU’s decision in Case C-398/12 M. in which the CJEU has analysed the meaning of “final disposal” of the judgment in the context of the ne bis in idem principle. Based on the above judgments, the article presents arguments indicating that the reasoning of the CJEU on the conditions for the application of the ne bis in idem principle in judicial cooperation in criminal matters in the EU is not consistent.
Children’s literature to promote students’ global development and wellbeing
Authors: Pulimeno Manuela , Piscitelli Prisco , Colazzo Salvatore
Published: February 2020

Background:Tales were transmitted from one generation to another, enriching young people with values, beliefs, imagination and creativity. Children’s literature still plays a crucial part in education as it provides knowledge and entertainment, representing a typical example of"edutainment". In this paper, we carried out a review to examine pedagogic, didactic and psychological/therapeutic dimensions of children’s literature, with the aim of highlighting its role in promoting students’ holistic development and wellbeing.Methods:We have searched for original articles (from 1960s to 2019), by using the following keywords: "fairytales" or "fairy tales" or "folktales" or "fables" AND "education" or"development" or "learning" or "teaching" or "school" or "curriculum" or "classroom" AND"children" or "child" or "kids" or "childhood" AND "health" or "wellbeing".Results:We found 17 studies concerning pedagogic aspect of children literature, while 21 and17 studies were selected for didactic and therapeutic dimensions, respectively. From a pedagogic point of view, tales convey basic values useful for children lives. In a didactic perspective, properly chosen storybooks represent a valuable resource for school activities, improving students’ language skills and building up a friendly/respectful classroom environment. Children stories are also used by health professionals for therapeutic purposes (bibliotherapy) to prevent unhealthy habits and addictions, or address psychosomatic disorders. Finally, storybooks and web-based/digital stories can be an effective vehicle for health contents, to encourage the adoption of healthy lifestyles among schoolchildren.Conclusion:Children’s literature and storytelling could be helpful in promoting students’ global development and wellbeing, when included in school curricular activities.
Effect of Self-Management Program on Self-efficacy and Medication Adherence in Patients with Mechanical Heart Valve: a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Javan Leila , Kazemnejad Aanoshirvan , Nomali Mahin , Zakerimoghadam Maasumeh
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Patients with mechanical heart valve need anticoagulant therapy to prevent thrombotic events. The treatment interacts with some foods and drugs. The aim was to evaluate the effect of self- management program on self-efficacy and medication adherence in patients with mechanical heart valve. Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial. eighty eligible patients, with the ability to read and speak in Farsi, aged between 15 to 60, were included in the study from the cardiac surgery clinic in Imam Khomeini hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Tehran, Iran) and randomly allocated to intervention and control groups. The participants had no history of psychiatric disorders, had undergone valve replacement surgery at least one year before the study, and were being treated with Warfarin. The intervention was a combination of 2 one- hour selfmanagement education via small groups with 3 to 5 members, self-management educational booklets, and weekly call follow- ups for 8 weeks about 10- 15 minutes. The control group received no intervention. Self- efficacy was the primary outcome and medication adherence, Prothrombin Time (PT), and International Normalized Ratio (INR) were secondary outcomes. Data were analyzed using SPSS13. Results: Although the mean of self-efficacy and medication adherence, PT, and INR values were not different between the two groups at baseline, they improved significantly following the program. Conclusion: Self-management program had a positive effect on self-efficacy and medication adherence of patients with mechanical heart valve.
The Effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) Therapy on Quality of Life in Women with Multiple Sclerosis, Ahvaz, Iran
Authors: Kolahkaj Bentolhoda , Zargar Fatemeh , Majdinasab Nasrin
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Low quality of life is one of the most common symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) which can reduce satisfaction with life, as well as increase death ratio and neuro-mental problems. The present study aimed to determine the effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) therapy on the quality of life in women with Multiple sclerosis in the city of Ahvaz. Methods: Forty eight patients who had referred to neurologists were selected by convenient sampling and were assigned into two groups (MBSR and control) randomly. The participants of the two groups answered the 36-item quality of life questionnaire. The experimental group was under treatment for 8 sessions while the control group did not receive any psychological treatment. Data were analyzed, using SPSSver.13 software by repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: In the MBSR group, the mean subscales of QOL had more significant reduction compare to control group. Also the improvement of all subscales of mental and physical QOL continued after two months later in follow up stage. Conclusion: The findings suggest that MBSR is useful for improving the quality of life in patients with MS.
Evaluation of Laser Effects on the Human Body After Laser Therapy
Authors: Khalkhal Ensieh , Razzaghi Mohammadreza , Rostami-Nejad Mohammad , Rezaei-Tavirani Majid , Heidari Beigvand Hazhir , Rezaei Tavirani Mostafa
Published: February 2020

Lasers have wide applications in the treatment and diagnosis of diseases and various medical fields. Laser therapy like the other methods has advantages and disadvantages. Some risks such as bleeding, pain, and infection are created after laser therapy. Explanation and evaluation of laser effects on cell function, tissue, and the body are the aims of this study. We reviewed papers available from 1986 to 2019 about the effects of lasers on cells and tissue. An online search of PubMed, Science Direct and Google scholar using such keywords as "laser", "cell", "tissue", "body" and "side effects" was performed. The laser photons are absorbed by chromophores, resulting in the target heating and localized damage. Laser irradiation alters cellular metabolism and cellular functions. These alterations may be accompanied by undesired side effects which can be monitored via metabolites level change in the body. Based on this finding, laser therapy may be associated with several side effects and complications; therefore, before treatment, the determination of laser types and their properties is necessary to avoid creating side effects. The advantages and disadvantages of the treatment type should be considered in order to choose the best treatment with the least side effects. The patients’ awareness of possible side effects before treatment and also an effective follow-up and management of patients after action are two important points in laser therapy. Training curriculum definition should be determined for laser applicant qualifications in different medical fields.
Use of a High-Power Laser for Wound Healing: A Case Report
Authors: Pereira Fábio Luiz Costa , Ferreira Marcus Vinicius Lucas , da Silva Mendes Pablo , Rossi Fabrício Machado , Alves Mariana Pereira , Alves Bernadete Luzia Pereira
Published: February 2020

Introduction: The use of low-level laser therapy to treat wounds and accelerate tissue healing has extensively been studied in recent years. The aim of this article is to describe a clinical case using an unfocused high-power laser instead of a low-power laser for therapy. Case Report: In the present article, we present the use of a high-power diode laser to treat an extensive knee injury that occurred after surgical treatment for total prosthesis due to border ischemia resulting from prolonged use of autostatic retractors. Conclusion: It is possible to use an unfocused high-power laser at a decreased intensity to accelerate healing as an adjuvant in the treatment of complicated wounds. This procedure results in reduced application time and cost and an excellent tissue response pattern similar to that reported in the literature with low-power lasers.
A comparative study of the frequency of myofibroblasts and macrophages between the oral and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Mostafazadeh samira , Emamverdizadeh Paria , Abdal Khadijeh , sadat Forghani Sevda
Published: February 2020

Background.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is among the ten most frequent malignant tumors, with SCC accounting for 94% of oral malignancies. Myofibroblasts and macrophages are multifunctional cells that have a crucial role in the biological behavior of these tumors. This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the frequency of myofibroblasts and macrophages between oral and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. Methods. Sixty paraffin blocks, consisting of 20 cases of OSCC, 20 cases of CSCC, 10 cases of normal skin, and 10 cases of normal oral mucosa, were selected for this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study. To evaluate the prevalence of myofibroblasts, α-SMA staining and CD163 markers for macrophages were used. In this study, the data were analyzed with Wilk-Shapiro test and t-test using SPSS 19. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results. The mean myofibroblast scores in CSCC and OSCC were 20.05 and 20.95, respectively, with no significant difference between the means (P>0.05). The mean macrophage scores in the skin and oral cavity were 28.125 and 49.67, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05), indicating that the mean oral macrophage score was significantly higher than that in the skin. There was no significant difference between the presence and accumulation of macrophages and myofibroblasts between the oral and cutaneous SCCs; however, the intensity of accumulation and color pattern in OSCC and CSCC were higher than those in the normal skin and mucosa (P<0.05). Conclusion. According to the results of this study, it appears the biological behavior of OSCC and CSCC does not depend on myofibroblasts, and other factors might be involved.
Bifactor Structure of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire Across the Schizotypy Spectrum
Authors: Moussa-Tooks Alexandra B. , Bailey Allen J. , Bolbecker Amanda R. , Viken Richard J. , O'Donnell Brian F. , Hetrick William P.
Published: February 2020

Despite widespread use in schizophrenia-spectrum research, uncertainty remains around an empirically supported and theoretically meaningful factor structure of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). Current identified structures are limited by reliance on exclusively nonclinical samples. The current study compared factor structures of the SPQ in a sample of 335 nonpsychiatric individuals, 292 schizotypy-spectrum individuals (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or schizotypal personality disorder), and the combined group (N = 627). Unidimensional, correlated, and hierarchical models were assessed in addition to a bifactor model, wherein subscales load simultaneously onto a general factor and a specific factor. The best-fitting model across samples was a two-specific factor bifactor model, consistent with the nine symptom dimensions of schizotypy as primarily a direct manifestation of a unitary construct. Such findings, for the first time demonstrated in a clinical sample, have broad implications for transdiagnostic approaches, including reifying schizotypy as a construct underlying diverse manifestations of phenomenology across a wide range of severity.
Many Doors to International Criminal Justice
Authors: Braithwaite John
Published: February 2020

Responsibilities to protect and prevent elite crimes are best energized by enforcement that walks through many doors. Effective deterrence is rarely delivered by the International Criminal Court. Yet deterrence is possible when it patiently cumulates through many doors. Likewise truth, justice, and reconciliation can achieve little through one door and much through many. Opening more doors to the complexly cross-cutting character of survivor guilt with mass atrocities can better open possibilities for future prevention and reconciliation than simply doors to courtrooms that find a criminal on one side of complex sequences of atrocity. The Nuremberg and Tokyo War Crimes Trials opened quickly after World War II. They did not prove to hold keys to truth and reconciliation for Germany until the Eichmann trial finished in Jerusalem in 1962. Why? Still today, non-confession by the U.S. to Hiroshima/Nagasaki as war crimes has meant truncated Japanese reconciliation. Different kinds of doors are needed with crimes like the Dresden and Tokyo fire bombing, the rape of Nanjing and the “comfort women” issue. These have included citizens tribunals, truth commissions, and indigenous justice in cases like Bougainville that rejected the truth commission model. When we reflect upon door diversity, transitional justice turns out not to be very focused on justice or international criminal law, and not to be at all transitional, but rather a maze of doors to justice of diverse kinds that open or close across the longue durée (as developed in the work of Susanne Karstedt).1
The Price of Criminal Law Skepticism
Authors: Husak Douglas
Published: February 2020

A growing trend in philosophical commentary about penal justice is what I loosely call “criminal law skepticism.” The scholarship I have in mind does not simply urge caution or a more judicious use of the criminal law to address social problems. Instead, its thrust is more sweeping and radical; it presents reasons to doubt that the criminal law as presently constituted should continue to exist at all. I make no concerted effort to categorize the several varieties or motivations for this trend; their forms and underlying rationales are diverse and frequently humane. No single argument can refute them all. Instead, I respond by describing the price that might be incurred if these skeptics were to achieve their objective. I list ten valuable functions served by the criminal law as it currently exists, several of which are too seldom appreciated in philosophical commentary. No case for criminal law skepticism is complete unless efforts are made to explain how alternatives to the criminal law can achieve these functions or afford to dispense with them.
Robots on Blockchain: Emergence of Robotic Service Organizations
Authors: Fukawa Nobuyuki
Published: February 2020

Radical changes in the technological environment have been forcing service providers to consider whether, if so, how to automate any aspects of their services with robots and other emerging technologies. Some service providers have been adopting robotic service assistants, and even creating organizations partially or fully automated by robots. However, some service providers have not been able to fully take advantage of RSAs’ benefits in a way that enhances customer service experiences. We review those challenges of RSAs and discuss the potential application of blockchain technology in governing a robotic service organization, the concept we propose in this study. Drawing on transaction cost theory and resource-based theory, we discuss theoretical implications of the impact of blockchain technology on the governance of a robotic service organization. Our study represents one of the first theoretical research to evaluate the impact of blockchain technology in a robotic service economy.
Who is a Lithuanian? In Search of Władysław Mickiewicz’s Motherland
Authors: Budrys Eduardas
Published: February 2020

Władysław Mickiewicz (1838–1926) was one of most active members of the Polish-Lithuanian diaspora: biographer, journalist, librarian, translator, political, social activist, and prolific publicist. Despite all this, he was mainly known as a son and a follower of his father, the great poet Adam Mickiewicz. The lives of these two men intertwined in many ways: both of their youth years were marked by great rebellions, and both had missed them, both having spent most of their adult lives in Paris, writing and dreaming about their motherland. However, while for Adam the motherland was the land of his childhood and youth, for Władysław, it was not that easy to define. For him, Lithuania, Poland, and his great Father had formed a certain ideal – an ideal to live for. Władysław Mickiewicz was a servant of this ideal all his life, constantly pre-serving, popularizing, and sometimes interpreting it – the legacy of his father. These ideals of an eternal Union between Poland and Lithuania, of an archaic Lithuanian Arcadia somewhere in a secluded part of the world, looked so natural in the Romantic days of the poet. It had grown less and less clear at the second part of the 19th century, and especially during the turbulent years of the First World War and the beginning of the interbellum, which brought such a sharp division between Polish and Lithuanian identities, making old ideals appear strange and antiquated. Yet despite this, Władysław Mickiewicz never renounced them. This article explores his life, writings, and the interpretations of the works of his father with the hope of finding his true motherland.
The Autobiography of Juozas Miltinis: Text and Context
Authors: Mikelinskaitė Angelė
Published: February 2020

The author of this article offers a discussion and comparison of Juozas Miltinis’s (1907–1994) view of his own personality and his attitude toward his identity and reveals the variation of his genesis, based on the Director’s three surviving autobiographical texts. The biographical facts are presented in the autobiography written during WWII and the Soviet period, revealing the relationship of the person with his era.
Implementasi Kebijakan Keterwakilan Perempuan Dalam Pemilu Legislatif Kabupaten Subang
Authors: Kusumadewi Rahayu , Wahidah Idah , Julaeha Wiwin
Published: February 2020

Fulfillment of women's political rights is a precondition for the realization of democratic representation which is balanced between men and women. The Regency of Subang is based on the results of the election in 2014, only a percentage of 16%. Therefore, this study aims to determine the implementation of the policy of women's representation in the General Election of Subang DPRD Members.This research uses qualitative method with descriptive approach. The data idan information obtained will be analyzed according to Miles and Huberman data analysis techniques consisting of data reduction activities, data presentation.The results showed that the fulfillment of women's representation in Subang Regency reached 41.74%, while the fulfillment of women's representation by the Gerindra Party reached 40.82% which showed that the policy of women's representation could be implemented well by the Gerindra Party because it was supported by communication, resources, dispositions and bureaucratic structure.The fulfillment obstacle arises both from internal party parties who have not been able to create an effective recruitment process or from women who are not ready to be involved in practical politics because the existing regeneration system has not been running systematically and sustainably. Meanwhile, to create quality control for women candidates, the Gerindra Party seeks to create a rigorous selection process through the stages of screening, screening, and verification.
Dampak Sistem Pengendalian Internal Terhadap Penagihan Piutang Di Kota Bandung
Authors: Umam Khaerul , Pratama Angga Eka
Published: February 2020

This research is in the background behind the problems of Bandung City, which for the past five years still have a reasonable opinion with exceptions, one of the reasons is the high level of accounts receivable at the Bandung City Financial and Asset Management Agency every year, and billing is less effective every year. receivables for leasing land and buildings in the city of Bandung. This study aims to determine the internal control system on the effectiveness of receivables collection in Bandung City BPKA and the magnitude of the influence of the dimensions of the internal control system on the effectiveness of receivables collection in Bandung City BPKA partially and simultaneously. The research used in this study is associative research with a quantitative approach because it aims to determine the effect of the internal control system on the effectiveness of accounts receivable collection at the Bandung City Financial and Asset Management Agency. Data collection uses literature studies, documentary studies and questionnaires on apparatus in Bandung City BPKA. Data analysis techniques are carried out using the correlation coefficient of determination, simple linear regression analysis and t (t-test).
Evaluasi Program Peningkatan Profesionalisme Aparatur Pemerintahan Desa Rancamulya Kabupaten Sumedang
Authors: Trisakti Fadjar , Herabudin Herabudin , Irnawati Zulfa
Published: February 2020

This research is motivated by problems in village programs that have not been effective, the program is a village financial management training program and capacity building for the apparatus and facilitation of community empowerment. must go through several dimensions to improve the program effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, leveling, responsiveness, the accuracy of the results of this evaluation which will later be used as input for the next village government apparatus. So that the researchers are interested in examining the Program for Professionalism Improvement of Village Government Apparatus with qualitative methods in a descriptive approach with good results. Because this can be maintained in implementing programs held by villages to improve the program to run effectively. It is better and more effective with what was done before, before the program. Because the program is indeed very important.
Analisis Kinerja Pendapatan Daerah Kabupaten Garut
Authors: Safari Cepi Triana
Published: February 2020

The implementation of regional autonomy and decentralization has implications for the broadening of regional authorities to regulate and manage regional revenues. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of regional revenue in the Garut Regency’s statement of budget realization since 2013-2017 fiscal years.The theory that I use in this study is the theory of Mahmudi (2016) which states that to analyze the performance of regional revenue can be done by analyzing the variance (difference) revenue budget, analysis of revenue growth, and financial ratio analysis.The method used in this research is descriptive method with a qualitative approach.The results showed that the regional revenue performance of Garut Regency in the 2013-2017 fiscal years based on the analysis of variance (difference) of the revenue budget was considered to be poor and then based on revenue growth was considered quite good. The regional revenue performance of Garut Regency 2013-2017 fiscal years based on the degree of decentralization ratio is considered less, based on the regional financial dependency ratio is still considered very high, and based on regional financial independence ratios was considered very low and included in the pattern of instructive relations.
EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL E A INCLUSÃO DE PESSOAS COM DEFICIÊNCIA: UM MAPEAMENTO SISTEMÁTICO
Authors: Silva Fernanda Souza da , Paula Laíse do Nascimento , Costa Talita Soares Lago Duarte , Ribeiro Francisco Adelton Alves , Pereira Alvaro Itaúna Schalcher
Published: February 2020

A inclusão de pessoas com deficiência na educação profissional vem ganhando espaço ao longo dos últimos anos, contribuindo para a inserção social e, principalmente, profissional no mercado de trabalho. Para analisar os debates discutidos nessa temática, foi conduzido um mapeamento sistemático, por meio das bases de dados Scielo, Scopus e Web of Science.  Inicialmente foram encontrados 303 artigos, sendo que apenas 11 atenderam os critérios de inclusão e exclusão determinados. Os resultados das análises apontam para importância da oferta de uma educação profissional de qualidade aliada a ações de inclusão, para a independência, autonomia e emancipação do discente com deficiência, oportunizando que o mesmo possa ter uma vida significada de sentido por meio do trabalho e condições de ingressar no mercado em melhores vagas e responsabilidade profissional.
Metodología para la estandarización del modelo normativo en centrales eléctricas de Norte de Santander – Grupo EPM.
Authors: Esguerra Ingrid Y. , Lozano Lizbeth G. , Villamizar Luz D. , Acevedo Páez Juan Camilo
Published: February 2020

El presente documento define la metodología para la estandarización del modelo normativo de CENS - Grupo EPM, para suconstrucción se realizó un diagnóstico del modelo actual aplicando un cuestionario estructurado que determinó el grado de conocimiento delpersonal sobre la Gestión Normativa, así mismo, se analizaron los elementos normativos aplicados y los sistemas de gestión implementados,identificando requisitos a los que pueda darse cumplimiento a través de elementos normativos, finalmente se comparó el modelo normativoactual de CENS con el modelo de otras empresas del sector eléctrico en Colombia y en México, evidenciando falencias que requerían adecuarel modelo normativo actual a fin que se convierta en un aporte para la operacionalización de los procesos y permita cumplir los requisitosestablecidos en los sistemas de gestión, por lo que se propone consolidar las normas en cuatro elementos normativos con enfoque BussinesProcess Managment.
We've Got a Treatment, but What's the Disease?
Authors: Rosenthal David I. , Glatstein Eli
Published: February 2020

Hypofractionation has been a recurring issue during the near century-long history of radiation oncology. Coutard first introduced protracted dose-fraction regimens that uniquely allowed for the control of “deep” tumors. Subsequent studies have consistently shown that hypofractionation leads to an increase in complication rates and a paradoxical decrease in cure rates. There have, nonetheless, been several resurgences of interest in hypofractionation, based on titration of treatment for acute isoeffects and for the accommodation of an adjuvant treatment relating to presumed hypoxia-induced resistance, and more recently, stereotactic radiosurgery. In final analysis of the earlier studies, the same effects on cure and complication were noted and there was a return to multi-fractionation. Stereotactic radiosurgery is now being evaluated.

Stereotactic radiosurgery takes hypofractionation to an extreme by use of a single, large fraction of radiation therapy. In doing so, the late effects radiation oncologists ordinarily strive to avoid are brought about intentionally, minimizing or even eliminating any therapeutic index within the treatment volume. Stereotactic radiosurgery has been used successfully for treatment of benign lesions such as arteriovenous malformations in which total volume necrosis of small dimensions appears to be efficacious therapy. Stereotactic radiosurgery has also recently been extrapolated to malignant tumors in the brain which require larger treatment volumes, but the data on outcome following such treatment remain sparse. Therapeutic index must be preserved to obviate an intolerable volume of necrosis and other late effects. The single fraction approach to stereotactic radiosurgery for cancer is vulnerable to the same radiobiological criticisms that have been a recurrent theme with hypofractionation. Fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery is far more consistent with the principles of conventional radiobiology and oncology and represents the quintessential application of three-dimensional treatment planning. Stereotactic radiosurgery is really stereotactic radiotherapy, and when applied in single fraction to the treatment of cancer, it is suboptimal radiation oncology. Its utilization is virtually predicated on the ability to perform another craniotomy to remove focal necrosis.
Thrombopoietin: Biology and Clinical Applications
Authors: Kuter David J.
Published: February 2020

Thrombopoietin (also called c-Mpl ligand, megakaryocyte growth and development factor, megapoietin) has recently been purified and cloned. This molecule is indeed the long-sought-after hematopoietic factor that controls platelet production. Thrombopoietin levels increase within 24 h after the onset of thrombocytopenia and are inversely and exponentially proportional to the platelet count. Injection of thrombopoietin into animals stimulates the number, size and ploidy of bone marrow megakaryocytes and increases the platelet count up to ten-fold. Although human studies with several different forms of recombinant thrombopoietin have just begun, animal studies suggest a wide range of potential clinical applications. In animals, recombinant thrombopoietin reduced radiation- and chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia, enhanced platelet recovery after bone marrow transplantation and increased the number of megakaryocyte precursor cells in stem cell harvests. Active at very low concentrations, thrombopoietin appears to have few adverse effects in animals. At very high doses, reversible marrow fibrosis has occasionally been seen, but despite platelet counts up to ten times normal, there is no evidence that it increased the risk of thrombosis. There is little likelihood that thrombopoietin will stimulate tumor growth since receptors for thrombopoietin have not been detected on solid tumors. Therefore, thrombopoietin promises to be a specific and effective stimulator of platelet production and will soon join erythropoietin and G/GM-CSF in the clinical armamentarium. Although thrombocytopenia is uncommon in most chemotherapy protocols, ongoing clinical studies will determine the role of thrombopoietin in the prevention and treatment of thrombocytopenia in oncology patients.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Olak Jemi , Ng Arthur
Published: February 2020

Current recommendations for the diagnostic work-up and treatment of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer are presented, and the rationale behind these recommendations is reviewed. Early-stage disease is found in approximately 30% of patients at initial presentation. Surgeons continue to be uncertain with regard to how extensively they should look for metastatic disease, especially in asymptomatic patients with newly diagnosed lung cancer. While it is generally agreed that surgery is an important component of treatment for stage I and II non-small cell lung cancer, the role of adjuvant therapies in early-stage disease merits further study. Stage IIIa lung cancer is evolving as a disease for which multimodality therapy is likely to play a role, but the timing and sequence of treatment is an area of intense investigation. The recommendations made in this article are based upon the results of randomized clinical trials whenever possible.
Resistance Mechanisms to Methotrexate in Tumors
Authors: Bertino J.R. , Göker E. , Gorlick R. , Li W.W. , Banerjee D.
Published: February 2020

The mechanisms of intrinsic and acquired resistance to methotrexate (MTX) in human tumors are reviewed herein. In blasts from patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia, resistance mechanisms found are decreased uptake and increased dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) activity. A major cause of intrinsic resistance to MTX in soft tissue sarcoma cells and in acute myelocytic leukemia appears to be a lack of drug retention, due mainly to low levels of polyglutamylation. A novel association between lack of the retinoblastoma protein and intrinsic MTX resistance has been found. This has been attributed to an increase in DHFR activity, due to an increased rate of transcription of this gene, stimulated by an increase in levels of free E2F, not sequestered by hypophosphorylated retinoblastoma protein.
Modulating the Radiation Response
Authors: Coleman C. Norman
Published: February 2020

This review describes some current and future approaches designed to modulate the response of tumors and normal tissues to cell killing by ionizing radiation. The emerging knowledge of tumor, cellular and molecular biology is providing a better understanding of the clinical results with the hypoxic cell sensitizers and novel approaches to radiation sensitization and protection.
From Plasma Kinetics to Cellular Pharmacology
Authors: Pinedo H.M.
Published: February 2020

This paper primarily summarizes the work done under the guidance of Dr. Bruce Chabner in 1975 and 1976. During these years I studied the role of drug concentration, duration of exposure, and endogenous metabolites in determining methotrexate (MTX) cytotoxicity to the bone marrow stem cell (CFU-C). We found that the rate of loss of CFU-C during continuous intravenous infusion of methotrexate was related to the duration of exposure until the nadir in cell count was reached at 24 hours. Depletion of nucleated cells was mitigated, probably as a result of recruitment of previously uncommitted precursor cells to CFU-C, even while the MTX infusion was continued up to 48 hours. In vitro it was shown that methotrexate and leucovorin were transported competitively in the CFU-C, which was in clear contrast with rescue agents such as thymidine and nucleoside analogs. After my training my work has continued in close contact with Dr. Chabner, while the scope of both our interests broadened to include the field of multidrug resistance (MDR). My own interest focused on functional studies in MDR.
Multiple Myeloma: An Overview in 1996
Authors: Kyle Robert A.
Published: February 2020

Multiple myeloma (MM) has an incidence of approximately four per 100,000 per year. Ninety-nine percent of patients with MM have a monoclonal (M-) protein in the serum or urine during the course of their disease. MM must be differentiated from smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM), which has an M-protein value of more than 30 g/l and more than 10% plasma cells in the bone marrow, but no other features of MM. The plasma cell labeling index (PCLI) and the presence of circulating plasma cells in the peripheral blood help to differentiate monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and SMM from MM. The current median duration of survival with chemotherapy is about three years. Patients with low PCLI and low β2-microglobulin values have a median duration of survival of approximately six years. Melphalan and prednisone produce an objective response in 50% to 60% of patients. Combinations of chemotherapy produce a higher response rate, but the survival rate is not different. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is associated with a mortality rate of 25% within six months and an actuarial survival rate of 28% at seven years. Autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation is applicable to more patients and is reported to produce a higher response rate and longer survival than chemotherapy, but most patients will eventually have relapse.
Somatostatin Receptors in the Diagnosis and Therapy of Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Wängberg B. , Nilsson O. , Johanson V. , Kölby L. , Forssell-Aronsson E. , Andersson P. , Fjälling M. , Tisell L.-E. , Ahlman H.
Published: February 2020

The expression of somatostatin receptors in neuroendocrine tumors has facilitated the diagnosis and surgical treatment of patients with these tumors. After injection of a radiolabeled long-acting somatostatin analog, 111In-octreotide, scintigraphic tumor imaging can be performed as well as intraoperative tumor localization. During localization studies very high 111In concentration values were found in tumor tissues versus normal tissues, especially in carcinoid tumors and endocrine pancreatic tumors. Studies on such tumors in cell culture further indicated internalization of 111In into tumor cells, which is a prerequisite for a radiobiological effect from short range Auger and conversion electrons. Attempts to systemic radionuclide therapy via somatostatin receptors in patients with neuroendocrine tumors have been initiated.
Current Management of Patients with Ductal Carcinoma-in-Situ
Authors: Chabner Elizabeth , Schnitt Stuart , Harris Jay
Published: February 2020

Because of the wider use of screening mammography, ductal carcinoma-in-situ, or DCIS, once rare, is now diagnosed with increasing frequency. Important questions remain unresolved regarding the natural history, classification, and management of DCIS. Many physicians have assumed that DCIS is diffuse and regularly progresses to invasive cancer; therefore, they routinely recommend mastectomy. However, as we learn more about this lesion, it is now clear that in many cases the lesion is focal in extent, “premalignant,” and curable with local procedures short of mastectomy. In this review, we describe the current state of knowledge regarding the presentation, pathology, natural history, and management of DCIS.
Gemcitabine: Future Prospects of Single-Agent and Combination Studies
Authors: Moorsel Catharina J.A. , Peters Godefridus J. , Pinedo Herbert M.
Published: February 2020

Gemcitabine (2′,2′-difluorodeoxycytidine, Gemzar) is a deoxycytidine analog with excellent antitumor activity against a number of solid tumors. Gemcitabine needs to be activated by deoxycytidine kinase and other kinases to its triphosphate, gemcitabine triphosphate, which can be incorporated into RNA and DNA. The latter effect is considered to be responsible for its antitumor effect and causes masked chain termination and inhibition of DNA repair. This effect may be of importance for combination with DNA interacting agents. In phase I trials daily, twice weekly, weekly and every two weeks schedules have been evaluated. At the weekly schedule of 1,000-1,250 mg/m2 significant antitumor activity was observed in bladder, breast, ovary, and pancreatic cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and small cell lung cancer of 31%, 33%, 22%, 11%, 22% and 27% total response rates, respectively. Gemcitabine also showed considerable improvement in clinical symptoms, while toxicity was not severe with mild myelosuppression. Due to its ability to inhibit DNA replication, combination studies were initiated with DNA damaging agents. For the various combinations with cisplatin in phase II studies on NSCLC, response rates varied from 42%-54%, with a median survival of generally more than 12 months. Also, combinations with taxanes, etoposide, doxorubicin and vindesin seem promising. Gemcitabine is an important agent for the management of several relatively chemoresistant cancer types, both with respect to antitumor activity and clinical benefit. Future research on combination studies deserves high priority considering the high response rates in NSCLC and bladder cancer.
Cancer of Unknown Primary Origin
Authors: Briasoulis Evangelos , Pavlidis Nicholas
Published: February 2020

About 3% of all cancer patients suffer from cancer of unknown primary origin. These patients present with metastatic disease for which a primary site cannot be detected at the time of diagnosis. Sophisticated diagnostic techniques and operational procedures have failed to improve the diagnostic efficacy in this group of patients. Consequently, a limited diagnostic procedure with basic laboratory tests and imaging studies is sufficient for the diagnosis of this syndrome. The use of immunohistochemistry, as well as serum tumor markers of high specificity that may help to identify other tumors, is highly suggested. Although the prognosis for the majority of these patients still remains poor, several subsets of favorable outcome to treatment have been recognized. Nevertheless, promising in vitro data and new drugs on trials, paralleled with a better knowledge of the underlying pathogenetic molecular mechanisms, offer a more optimistic look to the future therapeutic management of these patients.