bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Village-based Tourism Economic Impact
Authors: Ilona Desi , Zaitul Z , Novianti Neva
Published: January 2022

Many studies have been documented that tourism economic impact is a determinant of community support toward tourism development. However, there is a lack of study investigating tourism economic impact on village-based tourism. This study investigates the relative important index of the item offered by previous literature. Besides, this study also examines different means from different respondents: gender, education, and age. Forty-seven respondents have participated in this study. The validity and reliability test is run before the items are ranked using the relative important index (RII). Mann-Whitney U test has applied any difference of means value between woman and man. Moreover, the Kruskal-Wallis test is employed to determine any difference of means value among different levels of respondent education. The result shows that all items are valid and reliable. This study concludes that the first rank is variable 1 (village-based tourism increased job opportunities for village communities) with a relative important index of 0.898. Besides, six items have no mean value difference between man and woman, except for variable 5 (village-based tourism given economic benefit to village people). Its asym significance of Mann-Whitney U asym significance is lesser than 0.05. Further, respondent education and age category also have no difference in mean value using the Kruskal Wallis test. This study implies that the tourism economics impact for village-based tourism can be used for further studies.
İlkokul Öğrencilerine Yönelik Çocuk Kitaplarının İncelenmesi
Authors: KARAKÖSE Murat Vahdettin , KODAN Hülya
Published: January 2022

Bu araştırmada 6-10 yaş düzeyi çocuk kitaplarının çocuk edebiyatı iç yapı ve dış yapı nitelikleri açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmış olup, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman inceleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada araştırmacı tarafından uzman görüşleri doğrultusunda hazırlanan “Çocuk kitapları iç yapı ve dış yapı özellikleri formu” ile “Çocuk kitapları resim-metin ilişki formu” kullanılmıştır. Dokümanlar, 2020 yılı Eylül ayı en çok tercih edilen 15 kitap olarak belirlenmiştir. Verilerin analizinde betimsel analiz kullanılmıştır. Çocuk kitapları için toplanan veriler frekans ve yüzde tabloları şeklinde sunulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda; kitapların çoğunluğunun kapağın ilgi çekiciliği, dayanıklılığı, kağıt kalitesi, kağıt fonu-yazı rengi uygunluğu, sayfa kenar boşluklarının kullanımı, yazı puntosu, satır ve cümle uzunlukları gibi dış yapı özelliklerine uygun olduğu; işlenen konuların gerçek hayatla ilişkili olduğu, kahramanların çocukların öykünebileceği olumlu davranışlar sergilediği, yalın ve sade bir dil kullanılması gibi iç yapı özelliklerini taşıdıkları belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca kitaplar resim- metin ilişkisi bakımından resimlerin metinler için daha çok açıklayıcı ve yorumlayıcı işlevlere sahip olduğu, konuyu ve içeriği tahmin etmeye, metni anlamaya yönelik olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Colacrai Miryam , Lechini Gladys
Published: January 2022

Esta nueva entrega de los Cuadernos de Política Exterior Argentina (CUPEA), correspondiente al segundo semestre 2021, nos encuentra aún desafiando al COVID y sus consecuencias locales, regionales y globales, en un contexto internacional signado por la incertidumbre y la disputa por la hegemonía.

En esta oportunidad, los Cuadernos de Política Exterior Argentina (Nueva época) -en tanto espacio de actualización académica y de promoción de debates en el campo disciplinar de las Relaciones Internacionales- no podían dejar de abordar cuestiones referidas a la política exterior argentina y latinoamericana.
Una revisión de los condicionantes de la política exterior latinoamericana: dimensiones de análisis para examinar la relación entre lo “interno” y lo “externo” desde la periferia argentina
Authors: Míguez María Cecilia
Published: January 2022

Este artículo formaliza un esquema de dimensiones de análisis para la interpretación de la política exterioren un país periférico. Retoma tradiciones de las Relaciones Internacionales (RI) para poner en discusiónalgunas de ellas, y para rescatar la importancia de los estudios críticos e históricos como fuente de lareflexión conceptual. Analiza, en especial, los denominados condicionantes domésticos de la políticaexterior, los desagrega, para luego reivindicar la importancia de una historia total y de una interpretación más compleja de las fronteras entre “lo interno” y “lo externo”. El esquema analítico se relaciona con los siguientes objetivos: en primer lugar, recorrer brevemente las escuelas de pensamiento que han abordado la problemática de los condicionantes internos de la política exterior. Luego, desagregar las dimensiones de análisis para interpretar esos condicionantes, pero a la luz de una clara teoría del estado, de una corriente crítica y de un enfoque histórico de las relaciones internacionales. En tercer término, es intención de este estudio complejizar la distinción entre factores internos y externos, teniendo en cuenta distintos niveles de análisis donde ambos se encuentran profundamente relacionados.
ACTIS , Esteban y CREUS, Nicolas (Eds) 2020, La Disputa por el poder global. China contra Estados Unidos en la crisis de la pandemia. Capital Intelectual, Buenos Aires. ISBN: 978-987-614-616-6. 288 pp.
Authors: Ubeda María Victoria
Published: January 2022

La disputa por el poder global. China contra Estados Unidos en la crisis de la pandemia es un libro que procura pensar y entender la complejidad del mundo actual. Sus autores, como bien destaca el prologuista Andrés Malamud, conjugan de manera exitosa las tareas del analista político y del divulgador científico abordando fenómenos complejos y tornándolos interesantes no sólo para académicos o especialistas en relaciones internacionales sino también para un universo más amplio de lectores que incluye a estudiantes, tomadores de decisiones, empresarios y público en general.
Comparison of physiological effects of osmotic stress on two wheat genotypes
Authors: Kirova Elisaveta , Moskova Irina , Kartseva Tania , Kocheva Konstantina
Published: January 2022

Revealing stress tolerance mechanisms in plants would contribute to the selection of crop varieties with a higher capacity for surviving in unfavourable environments. In this regard, it is essential to identify possible physiological features that might be beneficial for increasing plant resistance to stress. Two contrasting common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars with different drought tolerance were subjected to 48 h treatment with 20% polyethylene glycol 8000, which provoked an extra degree of osmotic and oxidative stress as well as distinct physiological responses. Better water retention capacity in leaves and lesser extent of membrane injury found in cultivar ‘Guinness’ compared to cultivar ‘Niki’ correlated with increased osmotic adjustment by accumulating higher amounts of proline and higher antioxidant scavenging capacity in the former. Compared to soluble sugars and total free amino acids, proline contributed to a greater extent to preserving leaf water. It was speculated that such a combination of features would set a genotypic advantage for this cultivar, which could also determine better performance under drought conditions in the field.
COVID-19 PANDEMIC: THE MALAYSIAN GOVERNMENT'S APPROACH IN MANAGING NATIONAL SECURITY
Authors: Izhar Muhammad Farhan , Abd Rahman Ishak , Aziz Azmi
Published: January 2022

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) coronavirus or better known as Covid-19 was first detected on 17 November 2019 in Hubei province, China, and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020. Until 1 November 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic has spread to 215 countries worldwide where the total number of cases recorded is 45,942,902 cases and 1,192,644 deaths. In Malaysia, a total of 31,548 cases and 249 deaths were recorded. The Covid-19 pandemic has caused economic paralysis and affected the lives of communities around the world. The main objective that will be discussed in this article is the Malaysian government's approach in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic to ensure that the country's socio-economy is not affected where it could affect national security. In this article, the method of collecting information is through references in websites, e-journals, e-newspapers, and related reports. The results show that the Malaysian government has taken two main approaches in managing national security, namely through the health and economy of the people. The health approach is through efforts to curb the Covid-19 epidemic from spreading further in the country which can have a negative impact on the economy and society of Malaysians. Next, the people's economic approach implemented is through the People's Economic Stimulus Package announced by the government to help the people affected by the Covid-19 epidemic and ensure that the country's economy can be restored. This approach has succeeded in maintaining national peace as well as preventing the occurrence of things that could affect national security such as riots or demonstrations by the people due to dissatisfaction with the government.
THE FRAMEWORK OF INTEGRATED CIVIC EDUCATION FOR FOSTERING MULTICULTURAL TOLERANCE
Authors: Salleh Sakinah , Mohd Yunus Alwi , Embong Rahimah
Published: January 2022

This article aims to discuss the implementation of civic education as a means
to foster multicultural tolerance in Malaysia. The prevailing racial disparity due
to racial hate, racist remarks, and an unbecoming statement from political and
community leaders indicate a serious breach of harmonious racial relationships
among various races in Malaysia. Conflicts among diverse societies can lead
to disintegration and social problems. The internalization of multicultural
tolerance, especially among the younger generation is an effective effort to
avoid conflicts within societies since multicultural tolerance is one of the key
ingredients for harmonious co-existence. Due to these multicultural
differences, education has been perceived as an instrument for promoting
national unity and harmony among citizens. Therefore, civic education should
be given priority to instil a sense of national love and to build a virtuous and
responsible society. Based on the descriptive literature review method, this
paper seeks to propose an integrated civic education framework inclusive of
three elements; curriculum, teaching approach, and teacher’s competency to
foster a multicultural tolerance among the young generation. This framework
of integrated civic education is expected to help in solving the issues of
multicultural tolerance and develop social cohesion among the young
generation. Consequently, it can cultivate a sense of respect among members
of our multiracial society and ultimately promote national peace and harmony.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUMAN CAPITAL AND SOCIAL EMPOWERMENT DRAWN FROM YAYASAN SEJAHTERA PROJECT IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Mohd Salim Sara Shakilla , Norafandi Muhammad Nur Aizuddin
Published: January 2022

This article discusses the relationship between the human capital of the participants of the Yayasan Sejahtera project that consists of the components of knowledge, skills, and abilities related to the social empowerment of the participants. The discussion in this article emphasises the relationship of these two variables among participants in this project. Human capital is amongst the issues that are given attention due to it being a basic component in shaping and achieving sustainable community development. The formation of community social empowerment is a complex process that requires the community to have the knowledge and skills to generate the potential in the community and be used to regulate community activities that provide social shifts according to the community’s capabilities. This is a survey study with data collected using a questionnaire. Simple random sampling is used in the selection of respondents from 13 projects in three states, namely Kelantan, Sabah, and Sarawak. A total of 305 respondents were involved in this study according to the stages of the project area and state. Generally, this study found that there is a significant and moderate relationship between human capital and the social empowerment of project participants. It shows that development that focuses on human capital can increase competencies, capabilities, skills, knowledge, and experience among community members, which can then be described as humanitarian change. These changes are capable of impacting individuals’ ability to maintain social relationships in the context of their lives through relationships between other participants within the project involved, relationships built with project agencies, and relationships with parties or bodies outside the agency. Community empowerment is a complex process that requires the community to have the knowledge and skills to generate the potential that exists in the community. The existing empowerment in the community is able to defend the rights of the community and is not easily ridiculed, manipulated, nor deceived by any party.
COMPARISON OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDG) ELEMENTS IN THE 10TH AND 11TH MALAYSIA PLANS
Authors: Mohamed Maiddin Sahul Hamid , Ariffin Khairi
Published: January 2022

In 2015, all members of the United Nations (UN) adopted the UN Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development (Agenda 2030) which sets out 17 Sustainable Development Goals to be achieved by 2030. Malaysia also welcomes and accepts them. Accordingly, this article discusses the comparative application of SDG elements in the Tenth Malaysia Plan (RMK-10, 2011-2015) and Eleventh (RMK-11, 2016-2020). Although the RMK-10 plan was planned before the formal introduction of the SDGs, apparently Malaysia has already taken steps to implement the elements introduced in the SDGs in 2015 and implemented them successfully. This article then discusses the RMK-11 plan which formally adapts the SDG elements. However, the achievement of RMK-11 was quite affected in the later part as Malaysia was hit by the Covid-19 pandemic in early 2020. This article uses a qualitative method with reference to official government publications and reports, online newspaper articles, books, and journal articles. This study found that the SDG elements were implemented earlier than the official declaration by the UN in 2015, but after 2015 they were compiled more systematically in the RMK-11 plan.
VACCINATION AGAINST COVID-19: A PUBLIC HEALTH THREAT
Authors: Hamzah Intan Suria , Ayob Noor Hadzlida
Published: January 2022

COVID-19 has had a significant impact on the level of human health and
economic development around the world. The Malaysian Government has
implemented the Movement Control Order (MCO phase 1-4) from 18th March
to 12th May 2020 and Conditional MCO (CMCO phase 5) from 13th May to
9th June 2020. While MCO 3.0 has come into force from 28th May to 7th June
2021 and continued until July 2021. The measure aims to prevent the spread of
COVID-19 infection and recover the country immediately. Next, the effort
against COVID-19 was continued with the National Recovery Plan Strategy
which started on 10th August 2021 by setting four phases and involving the
MCO phase transition plan in stages. As of 18th August 2021, the total number
of COVID-19 infections in Malaysia is 1,466,512 people and a total of 13,302
deaths have been recorded from 2020. While the number of active cases is still
high at 254,484 cases. The first objective of this study is to discuss the threat
of COVID-19 to human health. Second, to examine the trend of COVID-19
infection, and third, to analyze the vaccination process in Malaysia. This study
uses a qualitative method that is secondary data by taking data from online.
The results of the study found that C0VID-19 has threatened human health
resulting in infection and death in large numbers. Therefore, as a current
solution like other countries around the world, the Malaysian government also
took the initiative to use vaccines in combating the COVID-19 pandemic
through the National Covid-19 Immunization Program. This action is in line
with SDG’s third goal which is Good Health and Well-Being.
تسويق متعدد المستويات التجاري في منظور الفقهاء
Authors: Wadud Abdul , Faiz Fauzinudin
Published: January 2022

تسويق متعدد المستويات التجاري هو تركيب التسويق الذي استخدمته بعض الشركات كتخطيط كلي لتسويق منتاجاتها. وهذا التركيب تم تصميمه لتكوين رجال التسويق القائمين ببيع منتجات الشركة على أن يكافأ المروِّجون لهذه المنتاجات على بيعهم لها أفرادا، بل يكافأون على بيوع المروجين الآخرين الذين قاموا بتعريفهم هذه الشركةَ فيكوّن الخط التحتي من الناشرين المروجين وهيئة من المستويات المتعددة لمكافآت مختلفة في صورة الهرم  وان الناس في تردد بين القبول والرفض، فمنهم من يقبل بدون شرط ولا نظر إلى عين المعاملة، ومنهم من يرفض بدون التعمق في أي وجه كان الخطر وهل هو حقيقي أم خيالي
Nasional Sharia Commercial Bank Transformation Base on Most Dominant Agreement: Sale and Purchase Contract (Murabaha)
Authors: Suharto Babun
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study proved and tested to what extent sharia banks in Indonesia remain consistent in carrying out their role as one of the financial institutions that accordance with shariah compliance. One of the product is channeling financing with profit-sharing systems. To identify these problems, this research adopted associative quantitative analysis and used panel data regression analysis techniques with E-Views 9. Secondary data were obtained from the annual Report the 12 National Sharia Bank from 2015 to 2017 period. This investigation concluded that there was a significant effect of Murabaha contract financing on profitability. However, Istishna, Mudharaba, and Musyaraka contracts have no significant influence on profitability partially. The study result has demonstrated that even though the sharia banks have been running a business in Indonesia for 27 years, up to now they have not optimized the transaction agreement based on profit-loss sharing.
EFFECTS OF COUNTERFEITS ON BRANDED PRODUCTS IN GARMENTS INDUSTRY: A PERSPECTIVE ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR
Authors: Gul Arbab , Muhammad Ali  , Muhammad Ahmad Khan Qazi  , Nuzulul Fatimah
Published: January 2022

Counterfeit products are fake replicas of the real products. Deceptive counterfeits buying (consumer is well-aware about counterfeits) and non-deceptive counterfeits buying (consumer is not aware of counterfeits) are two dimensions of counterfeits buying. In Pakistan counterfeiting is an embryonic issue for many markets i.e., cosmetics, cellular, electronics, home appliances, and medicines. Furthermore, in last decade counterfeiting predominantly affect the garment’s market of branded products in Pakistan.   This study aims to investigate the counterfeit effects on consumer buying perception of branded garments products. The various determinants used in this research for counterfeit brands’ purchase intentions and attitude towards counterfeits in Pakistani context have not been used in the way as they are used in the current research. After the data analysis it has been found that Purchase Intention of branded products and Attitude towards the branded products have positive significant impact on Counterfeits Products. Perceived quality of branded products has negative significant impact on counterfeits products while Status consumption has no significant impact on counterfeits Products.
THE EFFECT OF AUDIT QUALITY, TAX AVOIDANCE, LEVERAGE, AND PRESENTATION OF OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ON FIRM’S VALUE IN JAKARTA ISLAMIC INDEX COMPANY
Authors: Kalbuana Nawang , Yohana  , Agustina  , Ranny Cynthia Aryadi
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of Audit Quality, Tax Avoidance, Leverage, and presentation of Other comprehensive Income on Firm’s Value in companies listed in the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) during 2015-2019. In this study Firm’s Value reflects the current value of future desired earnings and an indicator for the market in assessing the company as a whole. The sample is selected by purposive sampling method. While hypothetical testing uses multiple linear regression analysis methods. The results of this study show that variable Quality Audit, Tax Avoidance and presentation of Other comprehensive Income, have no significant effect on Firm’s Value, while Leverage has a significant effect on Firm’s Value. Simultaneously it is suggested that the Quality of Audit, Tax Avoidance, Leverage, and presentation of Other comprehensive Income has no significant effect. The implications of this research are expected to contribute theoretically to the value of Islamic companies and practically provide input for policy makers and regulators in the Jakarta Islamic Index.
ANALYSIS OF RENT, BUY AND RENT-TO-BUY WITH NET PRESENT VALUE METHOD IN THE DECISION OF TRUCK PROCUREMENT AT PT. XYZ
Authors: Safa'at Safa'at , Nuzulul Fatimah  , Dewi Kartikaningsih
Published: January 2022

PT. XYZ is a company engaged in ready-mix or ready-made concrete. This study aimed to analyze procurement decisions with several alternatives: rent, buy and lease, by applying the NPV (Net Present Value) method. The method was interviewing employees based on their fields and collecting the required documents. From the data analysis and evaluation carried out, then it decided to procure the truck. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that with the analysis of the NPV method, the decision to procure trucks was with a rent-to-buy model.
The ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF CIVIL EMPLOYEES IN SIDOARJO DISTRICT BASED ON ETHICAL LEADERSHIP, ETHICAL CLIMATE, AND CLIMATE STRENGTH
Authors: Tatag Herbayu Tatag Herbayu L , Ayoub Gougui  , Fareed Abid
Published: January 2022

Ethical climate in several studies differently suggests likely to have a clear understanding of developing ethical behavior to be expected to their organization. Contribution to work behavior as evidence and indicating among employees tend to lead by ethical code. Hierarchy way from highest to the lowest position must lead to work together and construct developing an ethical climate. Thus, this conservative way could be the efficient and most expected value on the organization. In this research, the ethical climate is implemented by the environmental performance results of the civil servant in the Sidoarjo district. This research-based on three variable concepts by each ethical climate, ethical strength, and ethical leadership. This research utilizes a qualitative comparative method with collecting data as a literature study. The Index Satisfaction of Civil Servant in Sidoarjo District as the prime references compared to the issues and variables.
THE IMPACT OF IMPLEMENTATION OF A JOINT LIABILITY SYSTEM ON MEMBER BEHAVIOR
Authors: Iwang Suwangsih  , Nuzulul Fatimah  , Noneng Rukayah Sukatmadiredja  , Emmywati
Published: January 2022

This study analyzes the impact of the consistent implementation of a joint liability system in cooperative life. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods using in- depth interview techniques which are then carried out by open coding to find patterns and theories related to the results of the interviews. As said by Miles & Huberman (1992: 19) there are three stages that must be done in analyzing qualitative research data, namely (1) data reduction; (2) exposure data (data display); and (3) drawing conclusions and verification (conclusion drawing / verifying). The results of the analysis of this study that have been carried out, explain that cooperative members who implement and obey the rules that exist in joint liability cooperatives unconsciously have an impact on their behavior changes, they have discipline and a high sense of solidarity towards other members.
A research on the different names of ‘Tea’
Authors:   The Society For Chinese Humanities In Korea, . . , . . , . .
Published: January 2022

About the names of tea, the five names ‘tu, jia, she, ming, chuan’ in  by Lu Yu have always been quoted, and their sources are basically all kinds of exegetical literature quoted in . This shows that before the Tang Dynasty, there were many different names for tea, and predecessors usually studied the origin of these different names by means of traditional methods such as phonology, characters and exegesis, but neglected to pay attention to the fact that these different names came from the native languages of various minorities in the southwest of China. After the Mid-Tang Dynasty, with the further development of Chinese tea culture, tea characters were used more and more frequently. The prosperity of Tang Shi and Song Ci also led the writers and calligraphers of all dynasties to create many obscure nicknames and epithets when speaking and chanting about tea. Moreover, the acquisition of these epithets and nicknames also payed more attention to rhetorical devices, which was the creative activity of language art. Although they were created and used in very different ages, some of them have long since ceased to be used, and some of them have been solidified into tea phrases with clear lexical meanings after time precipitation. Through research and analysis, the author thinks that ‘tea’ five major names the ‘tu, jia, she, ming, chuan’ comes from the southwest ethnic minority languages, and collect the ancient Chinese literature and poetry and the nickname of tea, dubbed came to the conclusion that the 35 two-word nicknames, 26 three-word nicknames and 4 four-word nicknames.
COVID-19 y bioética global
Authors: Ten Have Henk
Published: January 2022

El fenómeno global de la pandemia ha reactivado la noción de bioética global, argumentando que la bioética convencional no aborda suficientemente la experiencia pandémica. Esta experiencia pone de relieve la conectividad, la vulnerabilidad diferencial, lo inesperado y la falta de preparación. Durante la pandemia, las preocupaciones éticas se enfocan de una manera específica. Este artículo examina tres formas de enmarcarlas: con las nociones de excepcionalidad, controlabilidad y binaridad. A continuación se analiza el marco de la bioética global, que ofrece una perspectiva más amplia e inclusiva de la experiencia de la pandemia. Una noción fundamental en este marco es la relacionalidad. También acentúa que los intereses individuales y comunes no se oponen. Una tercera consideración en esta perspectiva es la solidaridad. Un marco global de bioética es un incentivo para repensar la globalización, la gobernanza global, la salud pública y la asistencia sanitaria. Si la bioética como esfuerzo social y global moviliza la imaginación moral para ampliar el alcance de la preocupación moral aplicando la capacidad humana de empatizar, contribuye de forma crucial a mejorar la vida social y la civilización.
Bioética y justicia global. Análisis crítico sobre la estrategia global de vacunación COVID-19
Authors: De la Cruz Ayuso Cristina
Published: January 2022

Este artículo toma como base de análisis el Plan del Fondo Monetario Internacional para hacer frente a la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2. Uno de los retos que afronta esa estrategia global es responder de manera eficiente a una demanda de cobertura universal de la vacuna; algo que exige un difícil equilibrio de gobernanza multinivel. Sin embargo, desde la perspectiva de la justicia global, la distribución y acceso a la vacuna se ha convertido en un problema geopolítico con repercusiones sin precedentes a nivel global. En este trabajo se problematizan algunos aspectos de esta estrategia. En un primer momento, a partir del enfoque de Fraser sobre justicia global, se analizan cuáles son sus principales limitaciones y las consecuencias que está teniendo en términos de distribución y acceso. En la parte final se incluye una sucinta aproximación sobre el alcance de dicha estrategia para las mujeres.
Bioética global: ¿nuevos argumentos sobre los derechos animales?
Authors: Gómez Álvarez José Enrique
Published: January 2022

El artículo aborda algunas variantes recientes de los argumentos a favor de un posible derecho de los animales. Para lograr este objetivo se hizo una muestra por conveniencia de artículos en los que apareciesen ambos conceptos desde el año 2017 hasta el presente, usando el buscador Google Académico (Google Scholar). De la muestra (primeros 40 resultados de búsqueda) se seleccionaron los que resumiesen o presentasen algún argumento novedoso en torno al tema. Después del análisis se encontraron básicamente dos argumentos que pueden presentarse como novedosos pero que, al analizar los presupuestos de los mismos, se concluye que presentan los mismos supuestos ontológicos que los argumentos tradicionales, como los de Peter Singer.
Implicaciones bioéticas en el «efecto de contagio» del suicidio
Authors: Benítez Camacho Érika
Published: January 2022

El suicidio es una problemática grave de salud pública en México y en el mundo, el cual, de acuerdo con la Organización Mundial de la Salud, cobra la vida de alrededor de 800 mil personas al año. Pese a que la muerte autoprovocada tiene origen multifactorial, es de suma relevancia el reconocimiento de los diversos factores de riesgo y la corresponsabilidad social que se tiene en los mismos. En particular, el «efecto de contagio» del suicidio es un fenómeno que aún falta por explorar, no sólo desde las perspectivas de las ciencias de la salud o de la comunicación, sino también desde la bioética. Es por ello que en este artículo no sólo se describe el «efecto de contagio» del suicidio, sino que se analizan las implicaciones bioéticas de la influencia que tiene en la muerte autoprovocada la exposición a noticias divulgadas por los medios de comunicación que no siguen los lineamientos éticos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud.
Bioética
Authors: Gómez Álvarez José Enrique
Published: January 2022

Reseña de libro.
ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE PATTERN OF VARIOUS UROPATHOGENIC ISOLATES CAUSING UTI: A STUDY FROM MEDICAL COLLEGE IN HIMACHAL PRADESH
Authors: Sharma Anjali , Rana Aditya , Sood Anuradha , Jaryal Subhash Chand , Tamrakar Meenakshi , Sharma Shruti
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the commonest community acquired and nosocomial infections encountered by
clinicians in developing countries like India.Untreated UTI may lead to recurrence, renal scarring and renal failure. UTI is most often treated by
empirical broad spectrum antibiotics.The main aim of this study was to identify the organism isolated from the urine and determine its
antimicrobial resistance pattern so as to provide data for reference which may be of epidemiological and clinical importance regarding widespread
multidrug resistance among uropathogens. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology at
DRPGMC Kangra at Tanda (Himachal Pradesh), India. Atotal of 3101 urine samples were collected from patients during a period of one and half
year from April 2019 to September 2019.The urine samples were then cultured using a standard loop containing 0.01 ml of urine on CLED and
MacConkey agar. The inoculated plates were incubated aerobically at 37°C for 18–24 hrs. Antimicrobial susceptibility was done on Mueller hinton
agar plates that were incubated aerobically at 37°C for 18–24 hrs as per CLSI guidelines. RESULT: A total of 3101 clean catch samples were
received in the Department of Microbiology,. Out of these only 640(20.64%) samples show signicant bacterial count. Among 640 samples with
signicant bacterial count 178(27.81%) were from male and 462(72.19%) were from female patients.The common isolated Gram Negative
bacteria were E. coli (68.3%) followed by Klebsiella spp. (11.7%). Susceptibility was seen in majority with fosfomycin, imipenem and
nitrofurantoin. CONCLUSION: Escherichia coli remained the predominant isolate among enterobacterales and gram negative organisms, more
commonly in females. Regular antimicrobial susceptibility is required to be carried out to see the current pattern of susceptibili
“A STUDY OF CORRELATION BETWEEN CLINICAL FEATURES, RADIOLOGICAL FINDINGS AND SPIROMETRY PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS OF BRONCHIECTASIS”
Authors: J Bhavsar Naiya , M Patel Krishna , N Patel Bhavik
Published: January 2022

INTRODUCTION: Bronchiectasis is dened as an irreversible dilation and destruction of one or more bronchi with a reduction in clearance of
secretions and in the expiratory airow. Etiologies include prior lung infection, systemic inammatory disorders, and genetic disorders of host
defense.
METHODOLOGY: This is an Observational study of 160 patients patient who were diagnosed with Bronchiectasis in tertiary health care centre
over a period of 15 months. Data was collected and analyzed for correlation between clinical features, radiological ndings and spirometry
parameters.
RESULT: Mean age of presentation was 21-30 years. Most important etiology was post-infections, pulmonary tuberculosis followed by
pneumonia. The cardinal symptoms of bronchiectasis were productive cough followed by dyspnoea on exertion. The most common bacteria
isolated from sputum culture was Haemophilus Inuenzae. The commonest radiological pattern of bronchiectasis was cylindrical followed by
cystic and varicose. Most of the patients had obstructive pattern in spirometry tests.
CONCLUSION: Radiological ndings and spirometry test are more valuable for early and accurate diagnosis of bronchiectasis which help in
early and prompt management. Cases of bronchiectasis have repeated history of admissions in the hospital thus all options of treatment including
surgical intervention must be taken into consideration for good quality life and healthy.
CAESAREAN SCAR ECTOPIC -A RARE ENTITY
Authors: Yadav Naina , Tiwari Kalpana , Goel Priyanka
Published: January 2022

Caesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is an ectopic pregnancy implanted in
(1) the myometrium at the site of a previous caesarean section scar Its
incidence is rising with the increase in number of caesarean sections
.Very rst case was reported in 1978
ASSOCIATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN CHILDREN BORN WITH LOW BIRTH WEIGHT
Authors: Singh Anand Shanker , Radhika G . , Kumar R . Praveen , Singh Ankita , Jana Debarshi
Published: January 2022

INTRODUCTION: Most studies of early programming focus on very LBWor extremely LBW, even though the majority of all LBWchildren are
2 born only with marginally LBW. The pathogenesis behind CVD is multifactorial, and for health care providers to be able to assess the risk of each
individual, we need to know more about this common subgroup.
AIM:Being born with LBWaffects later cardiovascular risk.
RESUILT: In Marginally LBW group, 4.7(0.6) patients had Fasting glucose(mmol/L), 2.7(2.3-3.8) patients had Fasting insulin(µU/mL),
0.57(0.4-0.8) patients had HOMA-IR, 4.4(0.7) patients had Cholesterol(mmol/L), 0.50(0.2) patients had Triglyceride(mmol/L), 2.7(0.6) patients
had LDL(mmol/L), 1.5(0.3) patients had HDL(mmol/L), 0.82(0.2) patients had ApoB(g/L), 1.4(0.2) patients had ApoA1 (g/L), 0.51(0.3) patients
had ApoB/ApoA1and 0.24(0.1-0.7) patients had hs-CRP(mg/L). In Controls group, 3.5(0.5) patients had Fasting glucose(mmol/L), 2.8(LD-3.5)
patients had Fasting insulin(µU/mL), 0.60(LD-0.7) patients had HOMA-IR, 5.5(0.8) patients had Cholesterol(mmol/L), 0.57(0.2) patients had
Triglyceride(mmol/L), 2.9(0.7) patients had LDL(mmol/L), 1.4(0.3) patients had HDL(mmol/L), 0.71(0.2) patients had ApoB(g/L), 1.4(0.2)
patients had ApoA1 (g/L), 0.57(0.1) patients had ApoB/ApoA1and 0.18(0.1-0.5) patients had hs-CRP(mg/L).
CONCLUSION: Some risk factors originating from the fetal environment cannot be changed after birth, good cardiovascular health can be
restored by inuencing postnatal risk factors before adulthood. There were no signicant differences in insulin, insulin resistance, hs-CRPor blood
lipids between the marginally LBWchildren and controls.
EFFECT OF ACTION OBSERVATION THERAPY ON IMPROVING UPPER LIMB FUNCTIONS IN ACUTE STROKE PATIENTS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Authors: Desale Sudha
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND & PURPOSE: The most common disabling motor decit following stroke is the loss of upper limb function. 5-20% of patients
presenting an upper limb paralysis at onset may improve the motor impairment overtime. Action observation training is a novel rehabilitation
approach exploiting this mirror mechanism and its potential role in motor learning for motor recovery. Aim of this study was to examine the effects
of action observation therapy on upper limb functions in acute stroke patients.
METHODOLOGY: Stroke survivors (N= 50) were consecutively recruited 22 days (±5) after a rst-ever stroke and participants watched video
footage of daily routine tasks (actions). Each action based on some relevant ADLs motor sequence display in order of ascending difculty and
lasting for 3 minutes and therapist prompted the patient to perform the same movement for 2 minutes. At the end of each sequence, patients were
given conventional physiotherapy and AOT 1 hour daily for 5 days/week for 4 weeks.
RESULTS: Upper Limb part of FMA, Modied Ashworth Scale scores & nine-hole peg test were taken at baseline and after 4 weeks as outcome
measure. Paired 't' test and Wilcoxon's signed-rank has been used for analysis of Fugl Meyer scale, Modied Ashwarth Scale and Nine-hole peg pre
and post treatment scores respectively (p value<0.05) So, a statistically signicant difference was found after treatment for all variables.
CONCLUSION: The nding of this study is suggesting that Action observation training programs contribute to improve motor recovery in acute
stroke patients.
A RARE CASE OF PRIMARY PANCREATIC HYDATID CYST CAUSING BILIARY TREE DILATATION
Authors: Deepthi R. , kami reddy Sai kumar Reddy. , Usman Nasin
Published: January 2022

Echinococcus granulosus complex is the causative parasite of hydatid disease, endemic to regions with stock breeding and agriculture. We present
a rare case of primary pancreatic hydatid disease in a 20-year-old female who had complaints of upper abdominal pain and epigastric fullness. The
typical radiological ndings in ultrasound, CT and MRI helps to differentiate this lesion from other cystic lesions in the pancreas. Therefore this
lesion should be kept as a differential in endemic areas
FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME OF PIRIFORMIS MUSCLE SPARING POSTEROLATERAL APPROACH IN BIPOLAR HEMIARTHROPLASTY: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY.
Authors: A. Lil Nadeem , Makwana Vipul R. , R. Patel Arjav , S. Modi Aakrut , D. Patel Tirth , V. Shah Jay
Published: January 2022

INTRODUCTION: Hemiarthroplasty for hip fracture is a common surgical procedure and is the treatment of choice for displaced intracapsular
neck of femur fracture. Numerous approaches are used to access the hip joint. The standard posterior approach is used by many surgeons to preserve
the abductor complex but is associated with higher dislocation rate. In this study we assess functional outcomes of piriformis sparing posterolateral
approach for hemiarthroplasty of hip.
MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY: We retrospectively reviewed 96 patients who underwent bipolar hemiarthroplasty of hip performed by
chief surgeon between May 2018 to September 2020. All the database was retrieved from institutional database of tertiary care hospital. Functional
outcome was measured by modied HARRIS HIP SCORE.
RESULTS: Till minimum 1 year follow up we noticed that there was no single case of hip dislocation. Joint proprioception was preserved. In the
nal follow up average Harris hip score was 92.2. No infection, nerve injury, implant migration occurred in our study.
DISCUSSION: The main aim of the arthroplasty procedure is to decrease pain, to achieve mobility and restore anatomy. The piriformis sparing
approach not only preserves abductor complex but also piriformis muscle. The muscle works like cradle, at the posterosuperior part of the joint, an
area with a high risk of dislocation. The only disadvantage was noted in this approach was increased exposure difculty in obese patients
CONCLUSION: From this study we conclude that Piriformis sparing posterolateral approach is safe, demands some technical aspects and should
be used by surgeons using posterolateral approach.
COMPARISONS OF EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF DEXMEDETOMIDINE AS ADDITIVE IN INTRATHECAL BLOCKADE WITH 0.5% HYPERBARIC BUPIVACAINE IN LOWER LIMB ORTHOPEDIC SURGERIES
Authors: Hazra Shantanu , Barua Debabanhi , Mondal Sudeshna , Laha Arpita
Published: January 2022

INTRODUCTION
Lower limb surgeries may be performed under local, regional (spinal or epidural) or general anaesthesia, but neuraxial blockade is the preferred
mode of anaesthesia. Spinal block is still therst choice because of its rapid onset, superior blockade, low risk of infection as from catheter in situ,
1 less failure rates and cost-effectiveness. Intrathecal local anaesthesia alone is associated with relatively short duration of action and thus early
analgesic intervention is needed in post-operative period.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
With use of dexmedetomidine in 3 different graded doses with hyperbaric bupivacaine intrathecally as regional anaesthesia for lower limb
surgeries.
MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY
This Prospective double blinded randomized controlled study. The study will be conducted in adult patients aged between 18-50 years undergoing
lower limb surgeries under spinal anaesthesia in orthopedic OT, dept. of Anaethesiology, Medical college & hospital, Kolkata. Duration of the
study One year (9 months for data collection & 3 months for data analysis, review& report writing). Total 63 patients in our study.
RESULTS
We found the mean of two segment regression time from highest sensory level in Group B was 130.56min; in group C was 171.34min; ingroup D
was 217.85min So, block regression was signicantly slower with the addition of intrathecal dexmedetomidine (Group D) as compared to group C
& B ( P < 0.0001) The mean regression time to S1 from highest sensory level for Group Bwas 289.43 min ( SD- 12.43) For Group C, the mean
regression time to S1 from highest sensory level was 402.71 min ( SD- 28.60) For Group D, the mean regression time to S1 from highest sensory
level was 584.43min ( SD- 38.92) Overall the mean regression time to S1 from highest sensory level was 425.52 min ( SD- 125.71) The sensory
regression time to S1 from highest sensory level was signicantly higher with increasing dose of dexmedetomidine i. e. D>C>B . (P< 0.0001).
CONCLUSION
We recommend the use of 10mcg of intrathecal dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine as it seems to be a good alternative to other
additives for long duration surgical procedures due to its profound intrathecal anesthetic and analgesic properties. It provides good quality of
intraoperative analgesia, thermodynamically stable conditions, minimal side effects, and excellent quality of postoperative analgesia.
MATERNALAND PERINATAL OUTCOME IN HYPOTHYROIDISM IN PREGNANCY.
Authors: S Pukale Ravindra , V Shravanthi , K Subbappa
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy is a period that places great physiological stress on both the mother and the foetus .This study was conducted to
analyse the fetomaternal outcome of pregnant women with hypothyroidism.
The commonest thyroid disorder found in pregnancy is hypothyroidism and it adversely affects the maternal and foetal health in the form of
infertility, early pregnancy loss, pre eclampsia , anaemia ,FGR, PROM, preterm labour, neonatal and maternal morbidity and mortality.
Routine screening, early detection and conrmation of diagnosis and prompt treatment is required to ensure favourable maternal and foetal
outcomes.
METHODS: The present study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology of Adhichunchanagiri Institute of Medical
Sciences ,B.G Nagara , Mandya from November 2019 to October 2020.All pregnant females who are diagnosed as hypothyroidism , admitted to
labour room were included in the study .
RESULTS: In the present study the most common maternal complication is preeclampsia , postpartum haemorrhage and fetal complication is
preterm labour.
CONCLUSION: Maternal hypothyroidism is a disorder with great potential to adversely affect maternal and foetal outcomes .If the condition is
diagnosed early and prompt initiation of treatment ,adequate follow up is done then the condition can be easy treated with very little detrimental
effects to the mother and the foetus. This study concludes that sufcient education of the doctors and the patients about the universal screening,
thyroid associated complications along with ease and advantages of prompt management is very much necessary.
“OUTCOME ANALYSIS OF TIMELY CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT OF HAEMOPHILIC KNEE ARTHROPATHY WITH FACTOR REPLACEMENT AND PHYSIOTHERAPY.”
Authors: Kumar Vivek , Iqbal Kashif , Chaturvedi Abhishek , Singh Abhinendra
Published: January 2022

INTRODUCTION: Haemophilia is a disorder of the initiation of coagulation, and is due to reductions in the concentrations of, or the presence of a
less active version of, one of two coagulation factors, factor VIII and factor IX. There are several orthopaedic problems linked to haemophilia
including recurrent hemarthroses, chronic synovitis, exion deformities, hypertrophy of the growth epiphyses, damage to the articular cartilage
and hemophilic arthropathy
MATERIALS AND METHODS : 290 patients of all age group of haemophilia A and B coming to orthopaedic OPD with Knee Haemarthosis
between October 2018 to May 2020 were included in our study. These patients were prospectively analyzed for complications and severity. HJHS
Scoring system were used to assess the severity of joint disease.
RESULTS : . out of 290 patients it was found that haemophilia was more prevalent in rural population (53.10%) as compared to urban population
(46.90%).
In our study it was found that majority of the patients with haemophilia had single joint involved (57.94%) as compared to 42.06% who had
multiple joint involved.
It was revealed that in majority right knee was involved (52.41%) followed by left joint in 47.58% patients with haemophilia. It was found that most
common complication in patients of knee haemarthrosis was recurrent haemarthrosis (57.24%) followed by synovitis (27.93%). arthropathy
(9.31%) . It was found that most common complication in patients of knee haemarthrosis was recurrent haemarthrosis (57.24%) followed by
synovitis (27.93%). arthropathy (9.31%) . It was found that out of 290 patients with haemophilia, majority were performing regular physiotherapy
(57.59%) followed by 42.41% of the patients who were occasional in physiotherapy. It was found that mean HJHS score was increasing with
increasing the severity of the disease. Mean HJHS score for mild cases was 10.53±4.495 as compared to 13.06±7.575 of moderate cases and
17.82±7.991 of severe cases.
CONCLUSION
In present study haemophilia was more prevalent in rural population. Majority of the patients with haemophilia had single joint and in majority
right knee was involved. Most common complication in patients of haemophilia was recurrent haemarthrosis followed by synovitis and
arthropathy. Majority of our patients were having severe form of the disease. Adequate factor replacement along with good active physiotherapy
early detection and prompt treatment with active life style makes muscles and joints healthier and stronger reduces tendancy of bleeding and further
damage of joint. reduce the frequency and longterm complications of knee haemarthrosis like recurrent haemarthosis , synovitis ,arthropathy,
fracture and deformity.
Prophylactic factor replacement is having denitely positive role as per available literature over western countries, unfortunately it needs more
specic clinical trial to know about longterm good results in India.
Self-Evolutionary Neuron Model for Fast-Response Spiking Neural Networks
Authors: Zhang Anguo , Han Ying , Hu Jing , Niu Yuzhen , Gao Yueming , CHEN ZHIZHANG , Zhao Kai
Published: January 2022

We propose two simple and effective spiking neuron models to improve the response time of the conventional spiking neural network. The proposed neuron models adaptively tune the presynaptic input current depending on the input received from its presynapses and subsequent neuron firing events. We analyze and derive the firing activity homeostatic convergence of the proposed models. We experimentally verify and compare the models on MNIST handwritten digits and FashionMNIST classification tasks. We show that the proposed neuron models significantly increase the response speed to the input signal.