bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vocal and instrumental ensemble "Arnica" is an innovator of Ukrainian popular music of the 1970s
Authors: Kokotaylo Bohdan
Published: February 2021

Popular music for various reasons has not yet received proper coverage and objective evaluation in modern Ukrainian musicology. Popular music is often interpreted as a part of musical life that has the right to exist, but is not considered as a part of the professional tradition. However, if we delve into the origins of the genre, we can see that modern mass culture is the result of the natural development of professional music culture, which provides the needs of cultural leisure of broad social groups. Popular music also does not have to be low-cost, unprofessional. A striking example of an innovative and professional approach to the creation of popular music is the activity of the vocal-instrumental ensemble "Arnica" (Lviv, 1970s), which influenced the development of pop music of future generations. The founders of the newly created VIA were V. Vasiliev and L. Zimmer. O. Dutko was the first music director of VIA Arnica. His successor was V. Kit, later - composer, guitarist and singer V. Morozov from "QuoVadis". The executive staff during the existence of VIA was not stable. The peak of popularity dates back to the mid-1970s. The group's repertoire is diverse, it includes both author's and folk songs of lyrical, lyrical-patriotic and humorous content, it combines national culture with current world trends in the development of pop music. The creative work of VIA Arnica is a vivid example of modern popular music of the 60s and 70s of the last century. Through their activities, the musicians not only created high-quality music content that corresponded to the latest aesthetic trends of the time, but also became the expression of the idea of national competitive art. Their hits are marked by the perfect harmony of meaningful poetic text and the most appropriate means of musical embodiment of this content.
Reform by Franco of Cologne as the basis of rhythmic notation
Authors: Khshanovskyi Mykola
Published: February 2021

The article describes the stages of development of rhythmic notation, characterizes the essence of the reform of Franco of Cologne. Its significance for the formation of the Ars Nova notation has been revealed. The research methodology is based on a combination of general-historical and theoretical methods. The Franco’s notation reform can be summed up by next basic points. Firstly, in the framework of the already existing and rather long tradition of mensural music, which began condition
ally from Johannes de Garlandia (in theory, in practice – even before), the Franco’s treatise had a unifying and systematic meaning. Also, the author brilliantly summarized the groundwork of an entire epoch in the history of western rhythmic notation. If we consider the pre-Franco’s notation to be potentially mensural, then Franco puts it in a classical form that will be relevant for the next two centuries. Secondly, Franco in his reform fixes the transition from a modal notation (which is still not quite stable in terms of unambiguous reading) to the actual mensural (quite stable in this attitude). And finally, in a broader sense, the Franco’s mensural system can be considered a completely emancipated system of musical rhythm. It is not related to the rhythm of the poem, either with the rhythm of prose, or with a priori rhythmic formulas that largely comprise the content of modal rhythm. From this point of view, the mensural system represents a further step in separating music from the word, from the verse, from the grammar. The collapse and interpenetration of modes led to the idea of a triple metric unit, abstraction from modes, to the idea of perfection. The connection with modes remained, since the perfection was a triple one, but it was already a theoretical abstraction, practically equivalent to the modern concept of a bar. Further steps in this direction were made by Vitry and Muris.
Orchestra in concerts of Johann Joachim Quantz in the light of the doctrines of instrumental performance of the Baroque period
Authors: Horbal Vadym
Published: February 2021

The article examines the groundbreaking work of the German flutist, oboist, educator, composer and conductor Johann Joachim Quantz (in particular, The Experience of Instructions for Playing the Transverse Flute, Berlin, 1752), which provides a theoretical understanding of important aspects of the instrumental culture of the Baroque era.
J.J. Quantz's arguments about the orchestra, formulated in the treatise, not only allow to form ideas about the types of performing groups of the Baroque period, but also reflect the aesthetics of ideas about the optimum of orchestral writing, acoustic, timbre and dramaturgical patterns of orchestral groups and textured layers. Even taking into account the personal creative priorities of the composer-performer, on the examples of concerts for solo woodwinds (two flutes and flute and oboe) from his own creative work you can get an idea of the use of small orchestral composition in the contemporary compositional and performing tradition. musician baroque instruments. It is obvious that the orchestra is interpreted as a means of accompaniment to soloists, taking on leading functions only in short episodes of introductions to individual thematic constructions, orchestral connections in caesuras of solo parts or final cadence constructions of individual parts. The main functions of the orchestra's voices are clearly divided, depending on the drama of the deployment and the ratio of the soloists' parts, accompanying them or duplicating them in the function of ripieno. The accompaniment can be interpreted as basso continuo, as a complementary chord complex of middle voices or as an interval duplication of close instruments in terms of tenure and timbre.
The romantic metaphorism of the figurative world: "Turning to You" by E. Knapik
Authors: Sydorenko Lyubava
Published: February 2021

The article defines the individual stylistic style of the composer, which consists in the original interaction of traditional and modern systems of musical interpretation of the poetic primary source, emotional saturation, intonational-thematic brightness, striving for originality of dramatic solutions. Purpose of the article is to investigate the compositional-dramaturgical and stylistic features of the genre of chamber cantata, interpreted by the katowice composer E. Knapik, in the aspect of neo-style theory in the european musical art of the second half of the twentieth century. Methodology. The article uses methodology and methodology of systematic research combining cognitive and analytical methods, updated during the study of the individual-style amplitude of the chamber cantata of E. Knapik. Scientific novelty of the article is that for the first time the style attribution of the chamber cantata genre on the material of the latest highly artistic samples is consistently updated and implemented. Conclusions. Observations made in the article suggest that chamber cantata in the interpretation of E. Knapik significantly enriches modern european traditions. The newest model of the genre is characterized by a philosophical level of problems, intellectualization.
Musical education and performance as a component of the practical work of the Galician priesthood of the end and the beginning of the XIX-XX centuries
Authors: Sydir Maria
Published: February 2021

The article reveals the role of the Galician priesthood in the music-performing and educational processes of the 19th-20th centuries. Three general directions of multifaceted musical and artistic activity of pastors are distinguished. Provision of the Liturgical needs of the parish includes the organization of church choirs and their education, the provision of appropriate to their stuff and potential of the performing repertoire, music-pedagogical activity in the fraternal school of the Stavropigian Institute, spiritual and teacher's seminary, cantors` courses, making collections, creating textbooks for mastering church singing.
The second direction is work with young people as a future generation of active parishioners (teaching music in public schools and high schools, preparing children and young people to participation in Divine Services, forming school singerbooks, textbooks on music-theoretical disciplines).
The most socially significant vector of priestly work was the formation of a conscious national identity of the community through the organization of secular choirs, symphonic and brass orchestras, concert and touring activities, providing repertoire for performing groups and Ukrainian theaters, musical publishing, historiographic studies, editing of music magazines.
Being the leaders of the Ukrainian community in terms of professional musical training, the representatives of the Galician priesthood, through music-performing and music-educational activities, realized the task of unification around the national idea (often identical to denominational affiliation) that were relevant for the society.
Análise de componentes principais da variação de peso da vaca durante a gestação na programação fetal de fêmeas
Authors: Rodrigues Leonel da Silva , Moura Amanda Farias de , Alves Filho Dari Celestino , Brondani Ivan Luiz , Klein John Lenon , Adams Sander Martinho , Cocco Joziane Michelon , Pereira Lucas Braido
Published: February 2021

Objetivou-se avaliar o impacto da variação de peso da vaca durante a gestação no desenvolvimento e nas características produtivas da carcaça e da carne de novilhas abatidas aos 18 meses de idade. Foram utilizadas 35 vacas e sua progenie. Os tratamentos avaliados foram determinados de acordo com a variação de peso da matriz durante a gestação, expresso em porcentagem do peso vivo da matriz no final do período de reprodução. Os tratamentos foram: G10, vacas que ganharam de 0,1 a 10,0 % do peso vivo durante a gestação; P10, vacas que perderam de 0,1 a 10,0 % do peso vivo durante a gestação; P20, vacas que perderam de 10,1 a 20,0 % do peso vivo durante a gestação. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente através de análise multivariada e da técnica de componentes principais. As variáveis PNAS, PAJDESM, PAJ365, PAJ420, PAJ540, GMD, RCQ, RCF, AOL, GORD, ICC, DIAN, COST, CON, MAT e EGS não foram influenciadas pelo desempenho materno durante a gestação. Já o PCQ, PCF, MUSC, OSSO, TRAS e MARM apresentaram correlação significativa com dois componentes principais. O tratamento G10 apresentou maiores valores para PCQ, PCF, TRAS, MUSC e MARM, ficando localizadas no quadrante I. O tratamento P10 apresentou maior quantidade de OSSO na carcaça, no quadrante IV. Já o tratamento P20 ficou localizado no quadrante II, apresentando os piores valores para as referidas variáveis. A variação de peso da vaca durante a gestação não influencia no desenvolvimento da progênie, porém impacta nas características de carcaça e carne.
Toxicological and morphological analysis of Africanized Apis mellifera selected for tolerance to the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam
Authors: Pizzaia William Cristian da Silva , Diniz Tamiris de Oliveira , Silva Breno Gabriel da , Pereira Naiara Climas , Sinópolis-Gigliolli Adriana Aparecida , Khatlab Angélica de Souza , Gasparino Eliane , Toledo Vagner de Alencar Arnaut de , Ruvolo-Takasusuki Maria Claudia Colla
Published: February 2021

Honeybees are the insect most used for pollination purposes due to its efficient characteristics for this function, which reflects in positive aspects for both nature and man. The expansion of agriculture and the development of agrochemicals to combat pests has had negative impacts on honeybee health, causing its disappearance around the world. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of honeybee exposure to the neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam on its survival rate, as well as on morphological and histological changes in the midgut of adult workers from the F4 generation of Apis mellifera queens tolerant to thiamethoxam and non-tolerant worker honeybees. After the bioassays, the midgut was removed for morphological evaluation. The results showed that F4 bees were more tolerance to thiamethoxam and exhibited less significant morphological changes when compared to the non-tolerant control group.
Perfil da sífilis gestacional e congênita em Nossa Senhora do Socorro, Sergipe
Authors: Andrade Ana Fatima Souza Melo de , Jeraldo Verônica de Lourdes Sierpe
Published: February 2021

Objetivou-se identificar a incidência anual e acumulada da sífilis gestacional e sífilis congênita. Tratou-se de um estudo de corte transversal com abordagem quantitativa em uma perspectiva crítica e reflexiva. Os dados foram obtidos a partir do Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação e do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos, por meio da base de dados cedida pela Secretaria de Vigilância Epidemiológica e Informação da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Nossa Senhora do Socorro, no período de 2011 a 2015. A incidência anual média de sífilis gestacional e sífilis congênita no período estudado foi de 6,82 casos para cada 1.000 gestantes e de 18,52 casos por 1.000 nascidos vivos, respectivamente. Foi possível concluir que a transmissão vertical esteve relacionada às perdas de oportunidades diagnósticas e terapêuticas e mostram que ainda há um longo caminho a ser percorrido para que as taxas de sífilis congênita atinjam as preconizadas pela Organização Pan Americana da Saúde e pelo Ministério da Saúde.
A teoria da dependência e o papel das organizações econômicas educacionais: reflexos nos ambientes educacionais
Authors: Lopes Fábio , Mendes Walquiria Guedert , Garcia Fernanda  Corrêa
Published: February 2021

O ensaio teórico tem como objetivo apresentar o papel da Teoria da Dependência e seus reflexos no processo de construção sociocultural brasileira. Reflete, também, sobre o papel das organizações econômicas educacionais e sua influência na política educacional brasileira, bem como as ações dos reformadores empresariais e a standartização do ensino. Do ponto de vista metodológico, este ensaio foi constituído a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, produzido por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e análise documental. Para dar materialidade à este ensaio teórico privilegiou-se, nas leituras, os seguintes autores: Araújo e Frigotto (2015), Moura, Leite e Ribeiro (2015), Neves e Pronko (2008), Oriques (1995) entre outros. Considera-se que, no momento atual da política educacional brasileira, temos as organizações econômicas educacionais que escondem os seus reais propósitos de criação. Difundem ideais de promoção de uma educação para todos, ofertada de forma linear, estratificada, estaticamente criada, formulada para atender públicos específicos. A preocupação latente de grandes bancos mundiais em se inserir no mercado educacional é visualizado com bastante preocupação por partes das instituições de ensino e seu quadro docente. O financiamento atrelado ao atendimento de quesitos, de metas a serem alcançadas, revelam uma tendência de base eminentemente ideológica: a servidão para o mercado.
Resposta à tuberculina bovina e à tuberculina aviária em bovinos sensibilizados com inóculos inativados de Mycobacterium avium e de Mycobacterium bovis
Authors: Blankenheim Thalita Masoti , Meirelles-Bartoli Raphaella Barbosa , Silva Glaucenyra Cecília Pinheiro da , Martins Andressa Vaz , Ramos Dirceu Guilherme de Souza , Sousa Daniel Bartoli de , Assis Nivaldo Aparecido de , Mathias Luis Antonio
Published: February 2021

A tuberculose causada pelo Mycobacterium bovis é uma importante doença dos bovinos e constitui um grande problema de saúde animal, podendo também atingir seres humanos. Para o diagnóstico da infecção, e para desencadear as medidas sanitárias decorrentes desse diagnóstico, o Programa Nacional de Controle e Erradicação de Brucelose e Tuberculose (PNCEBT) estabelece a utilização de testes intradérmicos de tuberculinização. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as respostas à tuberculina (PPD) aviária e à tuberculina bovina apresentadas por animais sensibilizados com inóculos inativados de M. bovis e de M. avium, e comparar os resultados do teste da prega caudal (TPC), do teste cervical simples (TCS) e do teste cervical comparativo (TCC) para diagnóstico da tuberculose bovina nos animais sensibilizados e em animais não sensibilizados. Os resultados mostraram que: a repetição dos testes não influiu na proporção de resultados positivos; houve animais sensibilizados com M. bovis que apresentaram reação até 500 dias após a sensibilização; em animais sensibilizados com M. avium, a especificidade do TCC foi superior à do TCS e à do TPC, e o TCC mostrou-se efetivo para discriminar reações induzidas pelo inóculo desse microrganismo; em animais sensibilizados com M. bovis, o TCC apresentou menor sensibilidade do que os outros dois testes; o ponto de corte do TCS e do TCC com melhor combinação de sensibilidade e especificidade foi inferior ao ponto adotado pelo PNCEBT para diagnóstico em animais naturalmente infectados; o TCS apresentou boa concordância com os outros dois testes, mas a concordância entre o TCC e o TPC foi apenas regular; as frequências das repostas às tuberculinas não apresentaram distribuição gaussiana, a não ser em alguns períodos pós-sensibilização ou então após transformação radicial ou logarítmica dos dados.
Consideration in treatment decisions for refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia
Authors: Cho Hye-Kyung
Published: February 2021

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is the most common cause of childhood bacterial pneumonia. Although macrolide is known to be effective as a first-line therapy, the proportion of macrolide resistance in MP pneumonia has strikingly increased during recent 2 decades in East Asia. This is challenging to physicians since they have to decide more often whether to use secondary treatment. Diagnostic methods to detect macrolide-resistance of MP are currently not available in Korean hospitals. Even in the diagnosis of MP infection, both serologic and molecular test have limitation: inability to differentiate current illness from carriage or asymptomatic infection. Combining these 2 diagnostic methods and excluding infection caused by other respiratory pathogens allow a more reliable diagnosis. This effort is even more demanding in recent years to keep children from unnecessary exposure to secondary antibiotics. Although several observational studies have reported that tetracycline and fluoroquinolone, which are considered in the treatment of refractory MP pneumonia, have efficacy of shortening the duration of fever and respiratory symptoms, those findings need to be proven by well-designed prospective studies. The use of tetracycline and fluoroquinolone in children is generally tolerable, as supported by many observational data. However, since concerns about side effects still remain, careful consideration about benefits and risks is needed to decide their use.
Effect of cervical sympathetic trunk transection on renal sympathetic nerve activity in rats
Authors: Ikeda T , Hirakawa H , Kemuriyama T , Nishida Y , Kazama T
Published: February 2021

Stellate ganglion blockade (SGB) with a local anesthetic increases
muscle sympathetic nerve activity in the tibial nerve in humans.
However, whether this sympathetic excitation in the tibial nerve
is due to a sympathetic blockade in the neck itself, or due to
infiltration of a local anesthetic to adjacent nerves including the
vagus nerve remains unknown. To rule out one mechanism, we
examined the effects of cervical sympathetic trunk transection on
renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) in anesthetized rats.
Seven rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal urethane.
RSNA together with arterial blood pressure and heart rate were
recorded for 15 min before and 30 min after left cervical
sympathetic trunk transection. The baroreceptor unloading RSNA
obtained by decreasing arterial blood pressure with
administration of sodium nitroprusside was also measured. Left
cervical sympathetic trunk transection did not have any
significant effects on RSNA, baroreceptor unloading RSNA,
arterial blood pressure, and heart rate. These data suggest that
there was no compensatory increase in RSNA when cervical
sympathetic trunk was transected and that the increase in
sympathetic nerve activity in the tibial nerve during SGB in
humans may result from infiltration of a local anesthetic to
adjacent nerves rather than a sympathetic blockade in the neck
itself.
Cognitive network interactions and beta 2 coherence in processing non-target stimuli in visual oddball task
Authors: Kukleta M , Brázdil M , Roman R , Bob P , Rektor I
Published: February 2021

Spatiotemporal dynamics of event-related potentials (ERP)
evoked by non-target stimuli in a visual oddball experiment and
the presence of coherent oscillations in beta 2 frequency band of
decomposed EEG records from peristimulus period were
investigated by means of intracranial electrodes in humans.
Twenty-one patients with medically intractable epilepsy
participated in the study. The EEG signal was recorded using
platinum electrodes implanted in several cortical and subcortical
sites. Averaged 2 s EEG records were analyzed. Task-specific EEG
changes were found in each patient, ERPs were derived from
92 electrodes used (96 % of possible cases). In the majority of
analysed cases, ERPs were composed of several distinct
components, and their duration was mostly longer than 1 s. The
mean onset of the first ERP component was 158±132 ms after
the stimulus (median 112 ms, minimum value 42 ms, maximum
value 755 ms), and large variability of these onset times was
found in all the investigated structures. Possible coherence
between neural activities of remote brain sites was investigated
by calculating running correlations between pairs of decomposed
EEG records (alpha, beta 1, beta 2 frequency bands were used,
total number of correlated pairs was 662 in each frequency
band). The record pairs exhibiting highly correlated time
segments represented 23 % of all the investigated pairs in alpha
band, 7 % in beta 1 band, and 59 % in beta 2 band. In
investigated 2 s record windows, such segments were distributed
evenly, i.e. they were also found before the stimulus onset. In
conclusion, the results have implicated the idea that a lot of
recorded ERPs was more or less by-products of chance in
spreading a signal within the neuronal network, and that their
functional relevance was somewhat linked with the phenomenon
of activity synchronization.
Perancangan Contingency Planning Disaster Recovery Unit Teknologi Informasi menggunakan NIST SP800-34
Authors: Prabowo Wahyu Adi , Ramadhani Rima Dias
Published: February 2021

Pembangunan institusi pendidikan selama ini telah bertumbuh pesat sesuai dengan kebutuhan masyarakat dan menjadikan sebuah insitusi yang semakin komplek dengan kebutuhan fungsi operasional sistem layanan informasinya. Untuk menjalankan fungsinya, institusi pendidikan didukung oleh infrastruktur sistem layanan teknologi informasi yang sangat kompleks. Dalam penyelenggaraan fungsi operasional layanan tersebut, perguruan tinggi membutuhkan peran sistem teknologi informasi yang handal dalam keberlangsungan kegiatan kerjanya. Semua komponen teknologi informasi merupakan komponen yang rentan terhadap gangguan baik itu dari internal maupun eksternal, untuk itu dalam penyelenggaraan institusi pendidikan, perguruan tinggi dalam hal ini wajib memiliki rencana untuk menanggulangi segala gangguan maupun bencana.  Dalam hal ini penanganan penanggulangan ganguan dan bencana memuat beberapa prosedur dan mekanisme tersendiri dalam pengamanan datanya. Disaster Recovery Plan (DRP) merupakan langkah tepat dalam membangun penanganan gangguan dan bencana terhadap infrastruktur sistem layanan teknologi informasi yang ada di perguruan tinggi. Penerapan untuk membangun penanganan bencana ini mengacu pada NIST SP 800-34 Rev.1 yang didalamnya terdapat beberapa tahapan penilaian resiko, menganalisa dampak bisnis, mengidentifikasi pencegahannya dan pengembangan strategi mitigasi.  Hasil akhir dari penelitian ini adalah rancangan dokumen DRP berdasarkan NIST SP 800-34 Rev.1 yang disesuaikan dengan kondisi di perguruan tinggi
Komparasi Mod Evasive dan DDoS Deflate Untuk Mitigasi Serangan Slow Post
Authors: Jupriyadi Jupriyadi , Hijriyanto Budi , Ulum Faruk
Published: February 2021

Web server merupakan server yang memberikan layanan berbasis web dan harus mampu melayani pengguna saat dibutuhkam. Namun tidak menutup kemungkinan web server dapat mengalami gangguan akibat ancaman dan serangan yang dilakukan oleh pihak yang tidak bertanggungjawab. Salah satu ancaman yang dapat menggangu web server adalah  serangan Denial of Service (DOS) menggunakan teknik slow post yang dapat menyebabkan layanan pada web server tidak dapat diakses. Penelitian ini akan menguji dua buah metode pengamanan yang dapat digunakan untuk mengurangi dampak serangan DoS yaitu mod-evasive dan ddos deflate. Berdasarkan eksperimen yang telah dilakukan dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa ddos deflate merupakan metode yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan mod-evasive dalam mengatasi serangan DOS karena ddos deflate mampu mendeteksi dan dapat memutus koneksi yang berlebihan sesuai dengan konfigurasi yang dilakukan.
Peran Freelance Marketplace dan Media Sosial dalam Online Gig Economy Jasa Profesional
Authors: Aristi Nina Mia , Pratama Ahmad Raf'ie
Published: February 2021

Freelance marketplace adalah suatu jenis platform online gig economy yang mengkhususkan fungsinya untuk menghubungkan penyedia jasa dan pihak yang membutuhkan dalam jual beli jasa profesional. Pada praktiknya, jual beli jasa profesional  juga terlaksana dalam media sosial, yang cara kerjanya berbeda dengan freelance marketplace. Melalui survei yang dilakukan dengan penyebaran kuesioner melalui media sosial, peneliti mengumpulkan 280 data pelaku gig economy bidang jual beli jasa profesional yang menggunakan freelance marketplace dan media sosial, untuk mengetahui perbedaan kedua platform tersebut dalam perannya memfasilitasi kegiatan gig economy. Menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif dan inferensial, peneliti menemukan bukti adanya perbedaan peran yang dimainkan oleh kedua platform tersebut. Freelance marketplace berperan memasarkan jasa pekerja gig Indonesia ke pasar internasional dan cenderung digunakan oleh penyedia jasa yang lebih berpengalaman, sehingga harga jual per-gig-nya lebih tinggi dibanding di media sosial. Sementara itu, meski harga jual per-gig-nya cenderung lebih rendah, media sosial berperan besar dalam pemasaran di dalam negeri dan cenderung lebih cocok untuk penyedia jasa pemula. Secara umum, freelance marketplace dan media sosial sama-sama berperan sebagai lapangan kerja baru yang berpotensi menjadi mata pencaharian utama bagi sebagian pekerja gig dan juga dapat memberikan kesempatan bagi penyedia jasa tanpa keharusan adanya gelar akademik untuk berkarir di bidang ekonomi kreatif.
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Authors: Mironova Irina
Published: February 2021

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Authors: Opatskyi Ihor
Published: February 2021

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Authors: Sholohon Lilia
Published: February 2021

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Authors: Vengerska Victoria
Published: February 2021

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Dynamic Polarization of Rab11a Modulates Crb2a Localization and Impacts Signaling to Regulate Retinal Neurogenesis
Authors: Clark Brian S. , Miesfeld Joel B. , Flinn Michael A. , Collery Ross F. , Link Brian A.
Published: February 2021

Interkinetic nuclear migration (IKNM) is the process in which pseudostratified epithelial nuclei oscillate from the apical to basal surface and in phase with the mitotic cycle. In the zebrafish retina, neuroepithelial retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) increase Notch activity with apical movement of the nuclei, and the depth of nuclear migration correlates with the probability that the next cell division will be neurogenic. This study focuses on the mechanisms underlying the relationships between IKNM, cell signaling, and neurogenesis. In particular, we have explored the role IKNM has on endosome biology within RPCs. Through genetic manipulation and live imaging in zebrafish, we find that early (Rab5-positive) and recycling (Rab11a-positive) endosomes polarize in a dynamic fashion within RPCs and with reference to nuclear position. Functional analyses suggest that dynamic polarization of recycling endosomes and their activity within the neuroepithelia modulates the subcellular localization of Crb2a, consequently affecting multiple signaling pathways that impact neurogenesis including Notch, Hippo, and Wnt activities. As nuclear migration is heterogenous and asynchronous among RPCs, Rab11a-affected signaling within the neuroepithelia is modulated in a differential manner, providing mechanistic insight to the correlation of IKNM and selection of RPCs to undergo neurogenesis.
The Expression of TRIM6 Activates the mTORC1 Pathway by Regulating the Ubiquitination of TSC1-TSC2 to Promote Renal Fibrosis
Authors: Liu Weiwei , Yi Yang , Zhang Chuanfu , Zhou Baojuan , Liao Lin , Liu Wenrui , Hu Jing , Xu Qiming , Chen Jie , Lu Jianrao
Published: February 2021

Renal fibrosis is considered as the final pathway of all types of kidney diseases, which can lead to the progressive loss of kidney functions and eventually renal failure. The mechanisms behind are diversified, in which the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is one of the most important regulatory pathways that accounts for the disease. Several processes that are regulated by the mTOR pathway, such as autophagy, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, are tightly associated with renal fibrosis. In this study, we have reported that the expression of tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) protein 6, a member of TRIM family protein, was highly expressed in renal fibrosis patients and positively correlated with the severity of renal fibrosis. In our established in vitro and in vivo renal fibrosis models, its expression was upregulated by the Angiotensin II-induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p50 and p65. In HK2 cells, the expression of TRIM6 promoted the ubiquitination of tuberous sclerosis proteins (TSC) 1 and 2, two negative regulators of the mTORC1 pathway. Moreover, the knockdown of TRIM6 was found efficient for alleviating renal fibrosis and inhibiting the downstream processes of EMT and ER in both HK2 cells and 5/6-nephrectomized rats. Clinically, the level of TRIM6, TSC1/2, and NF-κB p50 was found closely related to renal fibrosis. As a result, we have presented the first study on the role of TRIM6 in the mTORC1 pathway in renal fibrosis models and our findings suggested that TRIM6 may be a potential target for the treatment of renal fibrosis.
Long Non-coding RNAs and mRNAs Expression Profiles of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells From PBMCs in AR
Authors: Zhou Yumei , Chen Xuemei , Zheng Yanfei , Shen Rongmin , Sun Shuxian , Yang Fei , Min Jiayu , Bao Lei , Zhang Yan , Zhao Xiaoshan , Wang Ji , Wang Qi
Published: February 2021

Objective

The objective of this study is to explore the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) expression profiles of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). DCs are known to play a major role in the regulating function of allergic rhinitis (AR).

Methods

PBMCs were separately isolated from the human peripheral blood of patients with AR and normal person (NP). The mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assay was used to evaluate the function of DCs. Flow cytometry was used to determine the immune regulatory function of immature DCs (imDCs) and mature DCs (mDCs). lncRNAs and mRNAs in the NP group (DCs isolated from NP) and the test group (DCs isolated from patients with AR) were identified via chip technology and bioinformatic analyses. Moreover, bioinformatic analyses were employed to identify the related biological functions of monocyte-derived DCs and construct the functional networks of lncRNAs and mRNAs that are differentially expressed (DE) in imDCs and mDCs.

Results

MLR was significantly higher in the mDCs group than that in the imDCs group. CD14 was highly expressed in imDCs, whereas HLA-DR, CD80, and CD86 were highly expressed in mDCs (p < 0.001). We identified 962 DE lncRNAs and 308 DE mRNAs in the imDCs of NP and patients with AR. Additionally, there were 601 DE lncRNAs and 168 DE mRNAs in the mDCs in the NP and test groups. Quantitative RT-qPCR was used to study the significant fold changes of lncRNAs and mRNAs. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis found 16 significant regulated pathways in imDCs and 10 significant regulated pathways in mDCs, including the phagosome, cell adhesion signaling pathway, and inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels pathway.

Conclusion

Our research studied the lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles of monocyte-derived DCs and demonstrated the functional networks that are involved in monocyte-derived DCs-mediated regulation in AR. These results provided possible molecular mechanisms of monocyte-derived DCs in the immunoregulating function and laid the foundation for the molecular therapeutic targets of AR.
Cinematic Rendering in Mixed-Reality Holograms: A New 3D Preoperative Planning Tool in Pediatric Heart Surgery
Authors: Gehrsitz Pia , Rompel Oliver , Schöber Martin , Cesnjevar Robert , Purbojo Ariawan , Uder Michael , Dittrich Sven , Alkassar Muhannad
Published: February 2021

Cinematic rendering (CR) is based on a new algorithm that creates a photo-realistic three-dimensional (3D) picture from cross-sectional images. Previous studies have shown its positive impact on preoperative planning. To date, CR presentation has only been possible on 2D screens which limited natural 3D perception. To depict CR-hearts spatially, we used mixed-reality technology and mapped corresponding hearts as holograms in 3D space. Our aim was to assess the benefits of CR-holograms in the preoperative planning of cardiac surgery. Including 3D prints allowed a direct comparison of two spatially resolved display methods. Twenty-six patients were recruited between February and September 2019. CT or MRI was used to visualize the patient's heart preoperatively. The surgeon was shown the anatomy in cross-sections on a 2D screen, followed by spatial representations as a 3D print and as a high-resolution hologram. The holographic representation was carried out using mixed-reality glasses (HoloLens®). To create the 3D prints, corresponding structures were segmented to create STL files which were printed out of resin. In 22 questions, divided in 5 categories (3D-imaging effect, representation of pathology, structure resolution, cost/benefit ratio, influence on surgery), the surgeons compared each spatial representation with the 2D method, using a five-level Likert scale. The surgical preparation time was assessed by comparing retrospectively matched patient pairs, using a paired t-test. CR-holograms surpassed 2D-monitor imaging in all categories. CR-holograms were superior to 3D prints in all categories (mean Likert scale 4.4 ± 1.0 vs. 3.7 ± 1.3, P < 0.05). Compared to 3D prints it especially improved the depth perception (4.7 ± 0.7 vs. 3.7 ± 1.2) and the representation of the pathology (4.4 ± 0.9 vs. 3.6 ± 1.2). 3D imaging reduced the intraoperative preparation time (n = 24, 59 ± 23 min vs. 73 ± 43 min, P < 0.05). In conclusion, the combination of an extremely photo-realistic presentation via cinematic rendering and the spatial presentation in 3D space via mixed-reality technology allows a previously unattained level of comprehension of anatomy and pathology in preoperative planning.
Behavioral Ecology of the Coffee White Stem Borer: Toward Ecology-Based Pest Management of India's Coffee Plantations
Authors: Rajus Santosh , Bhagavan Sriraksha G. , Kharva Hinal , Rao Srinivas , Olsson Shannon B.
Published: February 2021

India is the seventh largest producer of coffee with 395,000 tons of coffee exports that earn 10 billion US dollars annually. Two varieties of coffee are grown in India, Coffea arabica (arabica) and Coffea canephora (robusta). Xylotrechus quadripes, commonly known as Coffee White Stem Borer (CWSB), is a major pest of arabica, causing yearly crop damage of 17–40 million dollars. Management strategies, over 100 years in development, have provided successful, yet inconsistent solutions due to differences in local climate, elevation, natural enemies, grower diligence, and other factors. In addition, increased pesticide use affects both pests as well as their natural enemies, which has severe negative impacts on the biodiverse regions where coffee is grown. As a result, our goal is to develop an ecology-based solution for long term management of CWSB that reduces the use of pesticides and focuses on the importance of natural enemies and native hosts. In situ behavioral experiments were performed to examine the preferences of CWSB for various local species under field conditions. We found that CWSB beetles were attracted to both healthy arabica and robusta plants, and host plant volatiles played a key role in host selection. In addition, the beetles were attracted to the leaves of these coffee plants and also two species of cut stems from common shade trees; Spathodea campanulata (nandi flame) and Grevillea robusta (silver oak). Beetles were not attracted toward cut stems of Tectona grandis (teak) or Coffea arabica. GC-EAD and EAG experiments were then performed to identify host plant volatiles for these species, and these compounds were tested in field conditions to assess their effectiveness against the known chemical attractant pheromone. We found that the CWSB was attracted to our identified host volatile blend as much as the pheromone lure, although trap catches in general were very low. Having an understanding of the behavioral ecology of this pest can form the basis for new methods that use natural attractant and repellent plants to control the pests, reduce the cost of plantation pest management, and avoid the extensive use of insecticides.
A Key Ingredient in Deforestation Slowdowns? A Strong Brazilian Economy
Authors: Richards Peter
Published: February 2021

For much of the past two decades, the scientific and policy community has sought to reduce forest loss through well-targeted public policy and enforcement measures and private sector engagement. Unfortunately, recent increases in forest loss in the Amazon have raised new concerns over the drivers of deforestation in the region, and the durability of the policies designed to mitigate it. Here we argue that recent deforestation trends are a partial reflection of Brazil's economic trajectories. In this article we show that poor economic conditions, nationally, will increase micro-level incentives for forest clearing. Conversely, economic growth, nationally, will suppress prices and land clearing incentives. Ultimately, we argue that, at the national-scale, economic growth may be closely aligned with, and possibly a pre-condition to, the attainment of international or national-level environmental goals.
Baboon Envelope Pseudotyped “Nanoblades” Carrying Cas9/gRNA Complexes Allow Efficient Genome Editing in Human T, B, and CD34+ Cells and Knock-in of AAV6-Encoded Donor DNA in CD34+ Cells
Authors: Gutierrez-Guerrero Alejandra , Abrey Recalde Maria Jimena , Mangeot Philippe E. , Costa Caroline , Bernadin Ornellie , Périan Séverine , Fusil Floriane , Froment Gisèle , Martinez-Turtos Adriana , Krug Adrien , Martin Francisco , Benabdellah Karim , Ricci Emiliano P. , Giovannozzi Simone , Gijsbers Rik , Ayuso Eduard , Cosset François-Loïc , Verhoeyen Els
Published: February 2021

Programmable nucleases have enabled rapid and accessible genome engineering in eukaryotic cells and living organisms. However, their delivery into human blood cells can be challenging. Here, we have utilized “nanoblades,” a new technology that delivers a genomic cleaving agent into cells. These are modified murine leukemia virus (MLV) or HIV-derived virus-like particle (VLP), in which the viral structural protein Gag has been fused to Cas9. These VLPs are thus loaded with Cas9 protein complexed with the guide RNAs. Highly efficient gene editing was obtained in cell lines, IPS and primary mouse and human cells. Here, we showed that nanoblades were remarkably efficient for entry into human T, B, and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) thanks to their surface co-pseudotyping with baboon retroviral and VSV-G envelope glycoproteins. A brief incubation of human T and B cells with nanoblades incorporating two gRNAs resulted in 40 and 15% edited deletion in the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) gene locus, respectively. CD34+ cells (HSPCs) treated with the same nanoblades allowed 30–40% exon 1 drop-out in the WAS gene locus. Importantly, no toxicity was detected upon nanoblade-mediated gene editing of these blood cells. Finally, we also treated HSPCs with nanoblades in combination with a donor-encoding rAAV6 vector resulting in up to 40% of stable expression cassette knock-in into the WAS gene locus. Summarizing, this new technology is simple to implement, shows high flexibility for different targets including primary immune cells of human and murine origin, is relatively inexpensive and therefore gives important prospects for basic and clinical translation in the area of gene therapy.
Application of an Autophagy-Related Gene Prognostic Risk Model Based on TCGA Database in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Shi Huadi , Zhong Fulan , Yi Xiaoqiong , Shi Zhenyi , Ou Feiyan , Xu Zumin , Zuo Yufang
Published: February 2021

Background: Autophagy plays an important role in the development of cancer. However, the prognostic value of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) in cervical cancer (CC) is unclear. The purpose of this study is to construct a survival model for predicting the prognosis of CC patients based on ARG signature.

Methods: ARGs were obtained from the Human Autophagy Database and Molecular Signatures Database. The expression profiles of ARGs and clinical data were downloaded from the TCGA database. Differential expression analysis of CC tissues and normal tissues was performed using R software to screen out ARGs with an aberrant expression. Univariate Cox, Lasso, and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to construct a prognostic model which was validated by using the test set and the entire set. We also performed an independent prognostic analysis of risk score and some clinicopathological factors of CC. Finally, a clinical practical nomogram was established to predict individual survival probability.

Results: Compared with normal tissues, there were 63 ARGs with an aberrant expression in CC tissues. A risk model based on 3 ARGs was finally obtained by Lasso and Cox regression analysis. Patients with high risk had significantly shorter overall survival (OS) than low-risk patients in both train set and validation set. The ROC curve validated its good performance in survival prediction, suggesting that this model has a certain extent sensitivity and specificity. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that the risk score was an independent prognostic factor. Finally, we mapped a nomogram to predict 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival for CC patients. The calibration curves indicated that the model was reliable.

Conclusion: A risk prediction model based on CHMP4C, FOXO1, and RRAGB was successfully constructed, which could effectively predict the prognosis of CC patients. This model can provide a reference for CC patients to make precise treatment strategy.
Knockdown of RIPK2 Inhibits Proliferation and Migration, and Induces Apoptosis via the NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Yang Qian , Tian Shan , Liu Zhengru , Dong Weiguo
Published: February 2021

RIPK2 is a 62 kDa protein and a member of the receptor interacting protein kinases (RIPK) family. It was previously demonstrated that RIPK2 might play a role in promoting malignant tumor progression; however, the precise function of RIPK2 in the onset and progression of gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. In the current study, we investigated the role of RIPK2 in GC. First, we explored the expression levels of RIPK2 in multiple cancers, including GC, using a bioinformatics approach. We constructed the RIPK2-associated protein-protein interaction network using the search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes/proteins for gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis. Next, we compared the RIPK2 expression levels between GC cells and normal gastric mucosal epithelial cell (GES-1) using reverse transcription quantitative PCR analysis. We downregulated the expression of RIPK2 in GC cells to determine the effects of RIPK2 on cell growth, migration, and apoptosis. Finally, we used western blotting to investigate the RIPK2 downstream signaling pathway involved in the regulation of GC progression. Our results showed that RIPK2 was overexpressed in various tumor tissues, including GC, compared to non-cancer tissues. Moreover, RIPK2 expression was significantly upregulated in all four GC cell lines (MGC-803,SGC-7901, HGC-27 and AGS) comparing the GES-1 cells. Silencing of RIPK2 suppressed GC cell growth by inhibiting migration, and inducing apoptosis through the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. In summary, we demonstrate that RIPK2 plays an important role in modulating GC cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, RIPK2 functions as a potential oncogene. We believe that RIPK2 can be used as a candidate biomarker, as well as a diagnostic tool, and the therapeutic target for GC.