bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation Study of Human Figure Drawing Test in a Colombian School Children Population
Authors: van Meerbeke Alberto Vélez , Sandoval-Garcia Carolina , Ibáñez Milciades , Talero-Gutiérrez Claudia , Fiallo Dolly , Halliday Karen
Published: April 2011

The aim of this article was to assess the validity of the emotional and developmental components of the Koppitz human figure drawing test. 2420 children's drawings available in a database resulting from a previous cross sectional study designed to determine the prevalence of neurological diseases in children between 0 and 12 years old in Bogota schools were evaluated. They were scored using the criteria proposed by Koppitz, and classified into 16 groups according to age, gender, and presence/absence of learning or attention problems. The overall results were then compared with the normative study to assess whether descriptive parameters of the two populations were significantly different. There were no significant differences associated with presence/absence of learning and attention disorders or school attended within the overall sample. An Interrater reliability test has been made to assure the homogeneity of scoring by the evaluator team. There were significant differences between this population and that of the original study. New scoring tables contextualized for our population based on the frequency of appearance in this sample are presented. We can conclude that various ethnic, social, and cultural factors can influence the way children draw the human figure. It is thus important to establish local reference values to adequately distinguish between normality and abnormality. The new scoring tables proposed here should be followed up with a clinical study to corroborate their validity.
Why Don't Girls Choose Technological Studies? Adolescents' Stereotypes and Attitudes towards Studies Related to Medicine or Engineering
Authors: López-Sáez Mercedes , Puertas Susana , Sáinz Milagros
Published: April 2011

Gender differences in choice of studies emerge already in adolescence. Two studies with adolescents are presented, the goal of which is to explore the influence of gender by assessing males and females who choose studies related to Medicine or Engineering. Study 1, correlational (N = 330, mean age 15.9, 56.7% girls), shows that girls who choose technology are more poorly appraised than girls who choose other studies. Study 2 (N = 130; mean age 16.77, 56.2% girls), experimental, measures implicit attitudes (using the IAT) towards males and females from Medicine and Engineering. Implicit attitudes are more favorable towards women if they are studying Medicine and towards men if they study Engineering. The results are analyzed with relation to the percentages of boys and girls in the different fields of study.
Sex Differences in Parents' Estimations of their Own and their Children's Multiple Intelligences: A Portuguese Replication
Authors: Neto Félix , Furnham Adrian
Published: April 2011

In this study, 148 Portuguese adults (M = 45.4 years) rated themselves and their children on overall IQ and on H. Gardner (1999) 10 intelligence subtypes. Men's self-estimates were not significantly higher than women's on any of the 11 estimates. The results were in line with previous studies, in that both sexes rated the overall intelligence of their first male children higher than the first female children. Higher parental IQ self-estimates correspond with higher IQ estimates for children. Globally parents estimated that their sons had significantly higher IQs than their daughters. In particular, parents rated their son's spiritual intelligence higher than those of their daughters. Children's age and sex, and parents' age and sex were all non-significant predictors of the overall “g” score estimates of the first two children. Participants thought verbal, mathematical, and spatial intelligence were the best indicators of the overall intelligence for self and children. There were no sex differences in experience of, or attitudes towards, intelligence testing. Results are discussed in terms of the growing literature in the self-estimates of intelligence, as well as limitations of that approach.
Os casos de dengue na cidade de Barra do Garças–MT - DOI 10.5216/ag.v4i12.12833
Authors: De Sousa Romário Rosa
Published: April 2011

O objetivo deste trabalho foi relacionar os dados climatológicos das temperaturas médias, máximas, mínimas, umidades relativas do ar e precipitação com os números de casos clínicos de dengue clássica, transmitida pelo mosquito Aedes aegypti no período de 2001 a 2009. Os procedimentos metodológicos se pautaram em 3 (três) etapas distintas, sendo a 1ª etapa destinada à obtenção dos dados meteorológicos; a 2ª etapa, pautou-se na coleta de dados cedidos pela Secretaria Municipal de Saúde – SMS/Centro de Controle de Zoonoses – CCZ - de Barra do Garças – MT e obtidos no sistema SINAN/DATASUS; já a 3ª etapa correspondeu às análises e discussões sobre o tema. Notou-se que os casos aconteceram com maior freqüência no período chuvoso, principalmente nos meses de janeiro, fevereiro e março. Os anos que se destacaram com os maiores números de casos foram: 2005, com 1.261, ocupando o primeiro lugar, seguido pelos anos de 2009, com 939, 2004, com 926 casos, e 2008, com 881 confirmações. Os bairros Jardim Pitaluga, Centro da cidade, Campinas, Vila Maria, Vila Santo Antônio e o São José se destacaram com os maiores índices de infestações. Conclui-se o que há uma relação entre o aumento de casos com estação chuvosa.
Construction of Normalized RNA‐seq Libraries for Next‐Generation Sequencing Using the Crab Duplex‐Specific Nuclease
Authors: Christodoulou Danos C. , Gorham Joshua M. , Herman Daniel S. , Seidman J.G.
Published: April 2011

RNA‐seq is a method for studying the transcriptome of cells or tissues by massively parallel sequencing of tens of millions of short DNA fragments. However, the broad dynamic range of gene expression levels, which span more than five orders of magnitude, necessitates considerable over‐sequencing to characterize low‐abundance RNAs at sufficient depth. Here, we describe a method that enables efficient sequencing of low‐abundance RNAs by normalizing or reducing the range spanned by the most abundant RNA species to the least abundant RNA species. This normalization is achieved using an approach that was developed for generating expressed sequence tag (EST) libraries that uses the crab duplex‐specific nuclease and exploits the kinetics of DNA annealing. That is, double‐stranded cDNA is denatured, then allowed to partially re‐anneal, and the most abundant species, which re‐anneal most rapidly, are digested with crab duplex‐specific nuclease. This procedure substantially decreases the proportion of sequence reads from highly expressed RNAs, facilitating assessment of the full spectrum of the sequence and structure of transcriptomes. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 94:4.12.1‐4.12.11. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Single‐Molecule Devices: Single Molecule Electronic Devices (Adv. Mater. 14/2011)
Authors: Song Hyunwook , Reed Mark A. , Lee Takhee
Published: April 2011

Single molecule electronic devices in which individual molecules are utilized as active electronic components constitute a promising approach for the ultimate miniaturization and integration of electronic devices in nanotechnology through the bottom‐up strategy. Thus, the ability to understand, control, and exploit charge transport at the level of single molecules has become a long‐standing desire of scientists and engineers from different disciplines for various potential device applications. Indeed, a study on charge transport through single molecules attached to metallic electrodes is a very challenging task, but rapid advances have been made in recent years. This review article focuses on experimental aspects of electronic devices made with single molecules, with a primary focus on the characterization and manipulation of charge transport in this regime.
Buyer beware: Personnel selling nail guns know little about dangerous tools
Authors: Lipscomb Hester J. , Nolan James , Patterson Dennis , Fullen Mark , Takacs Brandon C. , Pompeii Lisa A.
Published: April 2011

Background

Nail gun use is ubiquitous in wood frame construction. Accessibility and decreasing costs have extended associated occupational hazards to consumers. Compelling evidence documents decreased injury risk among trained users and those with tools with sequential triggers. To prevent inadvertent discharge of nails, this safer trigger requires the nose be depressed before the trigger is pulled to fire. The sequential trigger is not required by the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) or the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) nor are there any guidelines for training.

Methods

We collected data from personnel at 217 points of sale/rental of framing nail guns in four areas of the country.

Results

Sales personnel had little understanding of risks associated with use of framing nail guns. Individuals who had used the tool and those working in construction outlets were more likely to be knowledgeable; even so, less than half understood differences in trigger/actuation systems.

Conclusions

Consumers, including contractors purchasing for workers, cannot count on receiving accurate information from sales personnel regarding risks associated with use of these tools. The attitudes and limited knowledge of some sales personnel regarding these potentially deadly tools likely contributes to a culture accepting of injury. The findings demonstrate how influences on the culture of construction are not limited to workers, employers, or the places construction gets done. Am. J. Ind. Med. 54:571–578, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimental assessment of nutrition and bone growth's velocity effects on Harris lines formation
Authors: Alfonso‐Durruty Marta P.
Published: April 2011

Harris lines (HL) are radio‐opaque transverse lines traditionally associated with stressors that halt or decelerate growth in humans. Harris lines' status as a stress marker is, however, questionable because their association to illness and deficient growth is low and they commonly form in the absence of stress during periods of accelerated growth. To assess Harris line's reliability as a stress marker, this study examined their association with nutritional status and bone growth velocity through an experimental study in rabbits. Forty‐five New Zealand White rabbits were divided into: Control (normal laboratory conditions), Experimental‐1 (moderately undernourished), and Experimental‐2 (periodically fasted) groups during their growth. Variables analyzed included weight, forelimb length, humeral diaphyseal length, diaphyseal growth velocity, and number of Harris lines. Fewer lines were observed by the end of the study among Experimental‐1 animals. More Harris lines formed during periods of rapid growth in the absence of nutritional stress. Accordingly, Harris lines are a poor marker of stress. Intrinsic limitations to paleopathological studies can be overcome, but even the most careful attentiveness to multiple stress markers and cultural context will go amiss if the markers used are unreliable. Am J Phys Anthropol 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Visinin‐like protein‐1: Diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in Alzheimer disease
Authors: Tarawneh Rawan , D'Angelo Gina , Macy Elizabeth , Xiong Chengjie , Carter Deborah , Cairns Nigel J. , Fagan Anne M. , Head Denise , Mintun Mark A. , Ladenson Jack H. , Lee Jin‐Moo , Morris John C. , Holtzman David M.
Published: April 2011

Objective:

There is a growing need to identify cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers that can detect Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology in cognitively normal individuals because it is in this population that disease‐modifying therapies may have the greatest chance of success. While AD pathology is estimated to begin ∼10–15 years prior to the onset of cognitive decline, substantial neuronal loss is present by the time the earliest signs of cognitive impairment appear. Visinin‐like protein‐1 (VILIP‐1) has demonstrated potential utility as a marker of neuronal injury. Here we investigate CSF VILIP‐1 and VILIP‐1/amyloid‐β42 (Aβ42) ratio as diagnostic and prognostic markers in early AD.

Methods:

We assessed CSF levels of VILIP‐1, tau, phosphorylated‐tau181 (p‐tau181), and Aβ42 in cognitively normal controls (CNC) (n = 211), individuals with early symptomatic AD (n = 98), and individuals with other dementias (n = 19). Structural magnetic resonance imaging (n = 192) and amyloid imaging with Pittsburgh Compound‐B (n = 156) were obtained in subsets of this cohort. Among the CNC cohort, 164 individuals had follow‐up annual cognitive assessments for 2–3 years.

Results:

CSF VILIP‐1 levels differentiated individuals with AD from CNC and individuals with other dementias. CSF VILIP‐1 levels correlated with CSF tau, p‐tau181, and brain volumes in AD. VILIP‐1 and VILIP‐1/Aβ42 predicted future cognitive impairment in CNC over the follow‐up period. Importantly, CSF VILIP‐1/Aβ42 predicted future cognitive impairment at least as well as tau/Aβ42 and p‐tau181/Aβ42.

Interpretation:

These findings suggest that CSF VILIP‐1 and VILIP‐1/Aβ42 offer diagnostic utility for early AD, and can predict future cognitive impairment in cognitively normal individuals similarly to tau and tau/Aβ42, respectively. ANN NEUROL 2011;
Rewarding the resident teacher
Authors: McBride Jennifer M. , Drake Richard L.
Published: April 2011

Residents routinely make significant contributions to the education of medical students. However, little attention has been paid to rewarding these individuals for their involvement in these academic activities. This report describes a program that rewards resident teachers with an academic appointment as a Clinical Instructor. The residents participate in the laboratory portion of the anatomy program at the Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine. They prepare weekly cadaver dissections and present these dissections to the first year medical students. Guidelines developed by the anatomy faculty and approved by the appropriate committees at both the Cleveland Clinic and Case Western Reserve University establish requirements that a resident must meet to qualify for an academic appointment. Evaluation of this program indicates that it has been very successful based on medical student feedback, resident interest in gaining teaching experience, and residency directors appreciation of the opportunity for residents to gain valuable teaching experience in an academic setting. Anat Sci Educ © 2011 American Association of Anatomists.
A Vanadium Porphyrin with Temperature‐Dependent Phase Transformation: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Supramolecular Motifs and Properties
Authors: Chen Wentong , Suenobu Tomoyoshi , Fukuzumi Shunichi
Published: April 2011

A vanadium porphyrin, V(O)TMeOPP (1; TMeOPP=5, 10, 15, 20‐tetrakis(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐21 H, 23H‐porphyrin), has been synthesized by solvothermal reactions and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffractions at room temperature and low temperature to reveal two different structures 1R and 1L, respectively. Both 1R and 1L crystallized in the orthorhombic system, but their space groups were different: Pbca and Pca21 for 1R and 1L, respectively. The cell parameters of a, b, and c were different and the cell volume of 1R was larger than that of 1L by circa 200 Å3. 1R and 1L were characteristic of an isolated motif with a five‐coordinate vanadium(IV) ion and a saddle‐distorted nonplanar porphyrin macrocycle. Molecules of 1R were interconnected through hydrogen‐bonding interactions to yield a 3D framework; whilst for the low‐temperature phase 1L, there were more hydrogen‐bonding interactions that link the molecules to construct a more‐complex 3D supramolecular network. In a solution of acetone, the title compound exhibited purple and green colors at room temperature and low temperature, respectively, which is unprecedented for vanadium porphyrins. The spectral data of UV/Vis, FT‐IR, and MALDI‐TOF‐MS of 1R and 1L are reported together with the electrochemical data.
Stabilization of impulsive hybrid systems using quantized input and output feedback
Authors: Yang Zhichun , Hong Yiguang
Published: April 2011

In this paper, we consider the feedback stabilization of impulsive control systems with quantized input and output signals. To study the problem, the notions of quasi‐invariant sets and attracting sets for impulsive systems with quantization are introduced first, and then applied to the control design. Hybrid quantized control schemes are proposed to stabilize the considered impulsive linear or nonlinear systems via either input or output feedback. Mathematical analysis and numerical simulations are given to show the principle and effectiveness of the proposed designs.

Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Kühlwirkung einer an die Sohlplatte gekoppelten Fußbodenheizung — demonstriert an einem bewohnten Einfamilienhaus
Authors: Hauser Gerd , Lindauer Erwin , Nimtsch Andreas , Sinnesbichler Herbert
Published: April 2011

Zur Steigerung der sommerlichen thermischen Behaglichkeit wurde in einem Ende 2008 in Berlin fertig gestellten Einfamilienhaus eine Sohlplattenrückkühlung an eine Fußbodenheizung angeschlossen. Hierbei ist die vorhandene Fußbodenheizung an ein in der Fundamentplatte verlegtes Rohrsystem gekoppelt. Die beschriebene experimentelle Untersuchung zeigt, dass die niedrige Temperatur des Erdreichs ausreicht, um mit Vorlauftemperaturen von ca. 22 °C die Raumlufttemperaturen während der Sommermonate auf ein behagliches Niveau von unter 26 °C zu begrenzen. Für den Betrieb der Umwälzpumpe ist nur ein geringfügiger Energieaufwand nötig. Diese Methode der passiven Kühlung über Sohlplatte zeichnet sich daher als besonders energieeffiziente Möglichkeit einer Gebäudekühlung aus. Nachdem nur vergleichsweise geringe Mehrinvestitionen für die Verlegung von Rohrmaterial und einigen hydraulischen Komponenten nötig sind, ist zu erwarten, dass diese Technologie auch im Wohnungsbau künftig stärker zum Tragen kommt.

Cooling capacity of an underfloor heating system coupled to the base slab of an occupied single‐family home. To improve summer thermal comfort, a base‐slab recooling system was coupled to the underfloor heating system of a Berlin single‐family home built in late 2008. In the present case, the existing underfloor heat ing system is connected to a pipe network laid inside the foundation slab. The reported experimental investigation proves the low soil temperature to be sufficient to prevent summer indoor‐air temperatures from exceeding a comfortable level of 26 °C, using flow temperatures of approximately 22 °C. The energy demand for operating the circulation pump is only marginal, which is why this passive cooling method using a thermally activated ground slab is considered a particularly energy‐efficient solution for cooling a building. Given that only minor additional costs are required for laying the pipe network, for materials and some hydraulic components, this technology is expected to be applied more frequently in residential buildings, too.
A three‐dimensional colocalization RNA interference screening platform to elucidate the alternative lengthening of telomeres pathway
Authors: Osterwald Sarah , Wörz Stefan , Reymann Jürgen , Sieckmann Frank , Rohr Karl , Erfle Holger , Rippe Karsten
Published: April 2011

A high‐content colocalization RNA interference screen based on automatic three‐color confocal fluorescence microscopy was developed to analyze the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway. Via this pathway telomerase‐negative cancer cells can maintain their telomeres and with it their unlimited proliferative potential. A hallmark of ALT cells is the colocalization of promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies with telomeres to form ALT‐associated PML nuclear bodies (APBs). In our screen, the presence of APBs was used as a marker to identify proteins required for the ALT mechanism. A cell‐based assay and an automatic confocal image acquisition procedure were established. Using automatic image analysis based on 3D parametric intensity models to identify APBs, we conducted an unbiased and quantitative analysis of nine different candidate genes. A comparison with the literature and manual analysis of the gene knockdown demonstrates the reliability of our approach. It extends the available repertoire of high‐content screening to studies of cellular colocalizations and allows the identification of candidate genes for the ALT mechanism that represent possible targets for cancer therapy.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of intraoperative versus preoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy in patients with gallbladder and suspected common bile duct stones
Authors: Gurusamy K , Sahay S J , Burroughs A K , Davidson B R
Published: April 2011

Background

Most patients with gallbladder and common bile duct stones are treated by preoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy (POES) followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Recently, intraoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy (IOES) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been suggested as an alternative treatment.

Methods

Data from randomized clinical trials related to safety and effectiveness of IOES versus POES were extracted by two independent reviewers. Risk ratios (RRs) or mean differences were calculated with 95 per cent confidence intervals based on intention-to-treat analysis whenever possible.

Results

Four trials with 532 patients comparing IOES with POES were included. There were no deaths. There was no significant difference in rates of ampullary cannulation (RR 1·01, 0·97 to 1·04; P = 0·70) or stone clearance by ES (RR 0·99, 0·96 to 1·02; P = 0·58) between the groups. The proportion of patients with at least one post-ES complication, including pancreatitis, bleeding, perforation, cholangitis, cholecystitis or gastric ulcer, was significantly lower in the IOES group (RR 0·37, 0·18 to 0·78; P = 0·009). There was no significant difference in morbidity after laparoscopic cholecystectomy or requirement for open operation between the groups. Mean hospital stay was 3 days shorter in the IOES group: mean difference − 2·83 (−3·66 to − 2·00) days (P < 0·001).

Conclusion

In patients with gallbladder and common bile duct stones, IOES is as effective and safe as POES and results in a significantly shorter hospital stay.
Monitoring the Ammonia Loading of Zeolite‐Based Ammonia SCR Catalysts by a Microwave Method
Authors: Reiß S. , Schönauer D. , Hagen G. , Fischerauer G. , Moos R.
Published: April 2011

Exhaust gas aftertreatment systems, which reduce nitrogen oxide emissions of heavy‐duty diesel engines, commonly use a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst. Currently, emissions are controlled by evaluating NOx or NH3 in the gas phase downstream the catalyst and calculating the NH3 loading via a chemical storage model. Here, a microwave‐cavity perturbation method is proposed in which electromagnetic waves are excited by probe feeds and the reflected signals are measured. At distinct resonance frequencies, the reflection coefficient shows a pronounced minimum. These resonance frequencies depend almost linearly on the NH3 loading of a zeolite‐based SCR catalyst. Since the NH3 loading‐dependent electrical properties of the catalyst material itself are measured, the amount of stored ammonia can be determined directly and in situ. The cross‐sensitivity towards water can be reduced almost completely by selecting an appropriate frequency range.
Electrogenerative Removal of Cobalt from Sulfate Solutions Using a Batch Reactor
Authors: Tan Wan Xin , Mohamed Norita
Published: April 2011

The electrogenerative removal of cobalt is conducted in a batch reactor equipped with three‐dimensional electrodes: Reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) and porous graphite (PG‐25) as cathode materials. In this process, a chemical reaction takes place spontaneously in a divided cell where cobalt is reduced at the cathode and zinc is oxidized to produce electrical energy without an external supply of energy. The results obtained show that RVC serves as a more suitable cathode material than PG‐25 in this system. At optimum conditions, more than 99% of cobalt were removed and recovered in its metallic state after 10 h of operation with an initial 200 mg L−1 Co(II) solution at pH 4 in 0.2 M Na2SO4 and 0.4 M boric acid. Scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction analyses are performed to study the morphology and crystallographic patterns of cobalt deposits on the cathodes, respectively.
Determination of Cu, Fe, and Ni in Spices after Preconcentration on Diaion‐HP 20 Resin as Their Zincon Complexes
Authors: Karatepe Aslıhan , Soylak Mustafa , Elçi Latif
Published: April 2011

In this work, a new separation–preconcentration method was developed for the determination of trace amounts of Cu(II), Ni(II), and Fe(III) by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Analytes were complexed by using zincon (2‐[2‐[alpha(2‐hydroxy‐5‐sulfophenylazo) benzylidene] hydrazino] benzoic acid sodium salt). The analyte ions were quantitatively adsorbed on a Diaion HP‐20 resin at pH 5. The retained metal ions on the resin were eluted by acetone. The analytical parameters such as pH of the sample, eluent type and volume, sample volume, and flow rates of the solution and the eluent were investigated. The influences of concomitant ions on the recoveries of the analytes were also examined. The instrumental detection limits for the analytes after application of the presented solid‐phase extraction procedure were in the range of 0.72–1.41 µg/L. The validation of the presented procedure was checked by analyzing certified reference material of SRM1515 Apple Leaves. The procedure was performed by analyzing some spice samples.
Human papilloma virus associated head and neck cancer: A PCR based study
Authors: Barwad Adarsh , Sood Swati , Gupta Nalini , Rajwanshi Arvind , Panda Naresh , Srinivasan Radhika
Published: April 2011

Head and neck cancers (HNC), 90% of which are squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), rank sixth among all malignancies worldwide and comprise 40–50% of the total number of malignancies in India. In addition to alcohol and tobacco usage, which is the major source of oral carcinogens, viruses such as human papilloma virus (HPV) may also contribute to development of the malignancy. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of HPV in head and neck cancers using material from metastatic site.

A total of 111 cases of neck nodal metastases were included in this study. The primary was identified as oral cavity, oropharynx and nasopharynx. In a subset, the primary remained “unknown.” Polymerase chain reaction was carried out to detect HPV DNA on the fine needle aspirates.

HPV was detected in 32.4% cases. Maximum positivity was observed in metastases from primary in the oral cavity (47.1%) with tongue (55%), followed by oropharynx (25%) and nasopharynx (5%) cases. In the unknown primary group, HPV was detected in 52.9% cases.

Study defines the association of HPV with HNC in population of northern India. There was varied association of HPV depending on site of primary tumor arising in mucosal surfaces of head and neck region. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Versatile Coordination Modes of 2‐(Diformylmethylene)‐3,3‐dimethylindole towards Late‐Transition‐Metal Ions: C–H Bond Activation and Formation of Cyclic Acyl–Palladium(II) Complexes
Authors: Khaledi Hamid , Ali Hapipah Mohd , Olmstead Marilyn M.
Published: April 2011

The reaction of the potential multidentate ligand, 2‐(diformylmethylene)‐3,3‐dimethylindole (diformyl), with M(OAc)2 (M = CoII, NiII, CuII, ZnII, CdII, and PdII) afforded a series of metal complexes with different nuclearity in which the mono‐deprotonated diformyl behaves as an N,O‐bidentate chelate or N,O,O‐tridentate chelating‐bridging agent. The bonding modes of the ligand and thus the structures could be modified to some extent by further treatment of the complexes with an ancillary ligand (methanol, pyridine, or 4,4′‐bipyridine). In the case of the palladium(II) complex, the pyridine and 4,4′‐bipyridine adducts yielded C,N‐chelation of the metal ion through the aldehyde carbon and indolic nitrogen of the doubly deprotonated diformyl. The resulting acyl–palladium complexes were further bridged into polymeric structures when the dianionic diformyl behaved as a C,N,O‐chelating‐bridging ligand.
Iridium Phosphane Complexes Containing Arylspiroboronate Esters for the Hydroboration of Alkenes
Authors: Lee Graham M. , Vogels Christopher M. , Decken Andreas , Westcott Stephen A.
Published: April 2011

Iridium phosphane arylspiroboronate esters have been prepared by addition of B2cat3 (cat = 1,2‐O2C6H4) to the iridium precursors Ir(acac)(coe)2/PR3 (acac = acetylacetonato, coe = cis‐cyclooctene) or Ir(acac)(coe)2/P‐P (chelating bidentate ligands) at elevated temperatures. These novel complexes have been characterized by a number of physical methods including X‐ray diffraction studies for the PCy3 (2) and dppp (6, 1,3‐diphenylphosphanopropane) derivatives. The arylspiroboronate esters, as seen with the more common rhodium complexes, are bound to the metal centre via one of thebenzene catecholato rings. These organometallic complexes can be used as precatalysts for the selective hydroboration of vinylarene derivatives with HBpin (pin = 1,2‐O2C2Me4) to give the corresponding linear hydroboration products. Reactions with methyl oleate proceed at elevated temperatures to give the isomerised/hydroboration product selectively along with equal amounts of hydrogenation product.
The First P‐Stereogenic 1D Coordination Polymers with the Metal Centers in the Backbone
Authors: Salomon Christine , Fortin Daniel , Khiri Naïma , Jugé Sylvain , Harvey Pierre D.
Published: April 2011

The enantiomeric ligands (R,R)‐ and (S,S)‐bis(o‐anisylphenylphosphanyl)methane (R,R‐22 and S,S‐22) and (R,R)‐ and (S,S)‐bis(phenyl‐m‐xylylphosphanyl)methane (R,R‐23 and S,S‐23; dppm*), were treated with [Cu(NCCH3)4](BF4) and AgBF4 to produce the binuclear complexes [Cu2(dppm*)2(NCCH3)4](BF4)2 or [Ag2(dppm*)2](BF4)2, respectively. Then, these complexes were used as building blocks to prepare the first P‐chirogenic 1D coordination polymers {[M2(dppm*)2(dmb)2](BF4)2}n [dppm* = (R,R)‐22, (S,S)‐22, (R,R)‐23, (S,S)‐23, M = Cu, Ag, dmb = 1,8‐diisocyano‐p‐menthane] where M is part of the backbone of the polymer chain. The isostructural nature of these new polymers with the achiral parent polymers, {[M2(dppm)2(dmb)2](BF4)2}n (M = Cu, Ag), was unambiguously demonstrated with a combination of methods including 1H NMR, chemical analysis, UV/Vis spectrometry, emission spectroscopy and emission lifetime measurements. The structure of the bimetallic complex [Ag2(R,R‐23)2](BF4)2 was solved by X‐ray crystallography, and all enantiomeric complexes and polymers were characterized by circular dichroism spectroscopy.
On the performance of sudden‐expansion pipe without/with cross‐flow injection: experimental and numerical studies
Authors: El‐Askary W. A. , El‐Mayet M. , Balabel A.
Published: April 2011

The paper explores the possibilities that different turbulence closures offer, for in‐depth analysis of a complex flow. The case under investigation is steady, turbulent flow in a pipe with sudden expansion without/with normal‐to‐wall injection through jets. This is a typical geometry where generation of turbulence energy takes place, due to sudden change in boundary conditions. This study is aimed at investigating the capability of a developed computational program by the present authors with three different turbulence models to calculate the mean flow variables. Three two‐equation models are implemented, namely the standard linear k − ε model, the low Reynolds number k − ε model and the cubic nonlinear eddy viscosity (NLEV) k − ε model. The performance of the chosen turbulence models is investigated with regard to the available data in the literature including velocity profiles, turbulent kinetic energy and reattachment position in a pipe expansion. In order to further assess the reliability of the turbulence models, an experimental program was conducted by the present authors also at the fluid mechanics laboratory of Menoufiya University. Preliminary measurements, including the surface pressure along the two walls of the expansion pipe and the pressure drop without and with the presence of different arrangements of wall jets produced by symmetrical or asymmetrical fluid cross‐flow injection, are introduced.

The results of the present studies demonstrate the superiority of the cubic NLEV k − ε model in predicting the flow characteristics over the entire domain. The simple low Reynolds number k − ε model also gives good prediction, especially when the reattachment point is concerned.

The evaluation of the reattachment point and the pressure‐loss coefficient is numerically addressed in the paper using the cubic NLEV k − ε model. The results show that the injection location can control the performance of the pipe‐expansion system. It is concluded that the introduction of flow injection can increase the energy loss in the pipe expansion. The near‐field turbulence structure is also considered in the present study and it is noticed that the turbulence level is strongly affected by the cross‐flow injection and the jet location. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, characterization, and crystal structure of cis‐[Pt(Me)2{PPh2(OMe)}2] and the conversion into cis‐[Pt(OH2)2{PPh2(OMe)}2][OTf]2
Authors: Itazaki Masumi , Shigesato Yuka , Nakazawa Hiroshi
Published: April 2011

The reaction of Pt(Me)2 (cod) (cod = η2:η2‐1,5‐cyclooctadiene) with 2 equivalents of PPh2(OMe) afforded a bis(phosphinite)platinum complex cis‐[Pt(Me)2{PPh2(OMe)}2] (1). The reaction of 1 with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid HOTf (OTf‐ = CF3O2 SO‐) and then H2O produced a di(aqua)platinum complex cis‐[Pt(OH2)2{PPh2(OMe)}2][OTf]2 (2). New complexes 1 and 2 were fully characterized using NMR measurements and elemental analyses. Furthermore, structures of 1 and 2 were determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:371–376, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20692
Differential cycling rates of Kv4.2 channels in proximal and distal dendrites of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons
Authors: Nestor Michael W. , Hoffman Dax A.
Published: April 2011

The heterogeneous expression of voltage‐gated channels in dendrites suggests that neurons perform local microdomain computations at different regions. It has been shown that A‐type K+ channels have a nonuniform distribution along the primary apical dendrite in CA1 pyramidal neurons, increasing with distance from the soma. Kv4.2 channels, which are responsible for the somatodendritic A‐type K+ current in CA1 pyramidal neurons, shape local synaptic input, and regulate the back‐propagation of APs into dendrites. Experiments were performed to test the hypothesis that Kv4.2 channels are differentially trafficked at different regions along the apical dendrite during basal activity and upon stimulation in CA1 neurons. Proximal (50–150 μm from the soma, primary and oblique) and distal (>200 μm) apical dendrites were selected. The fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) technique was used to measure basal cycling rates of EGFP‐tagged Kv4.2 (Kv4.2g). We found that the cycling rate of Kv4.2 channels was one order of magnitude slower at both primary and oblique dendrites between 50 and 150 μm from the soma. Kv4.2 channel cycling increased significantly at 200 to 250 μm from the soma. Expression of a Kv4.2 mutant lacking a phosphorylation site for protein kinase‐A (Kv4.2gS552A) abolished this distance‐dependent change in channel cycling; demonstrating that phosphorylation by PKA underlies the increased mobility in distal dendrites. Neuronal stimulation by α‐amino‐3‐hydroxyl‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole‐propionate (AMPA) treatment increased cycling of Kv4.2 channels significantly at distal sites only. This activity‐dependent increase in Kv4.2 cycling at distal dendrites was blocked by expression of Kv4.2gS552A. These results indicate that distance‐dependent Kv4.2 mobility is regulated by activity‐dependent phosphorylation of Kv4.2 by PKA. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The WWP1 ubiquitin E3 ligase increases TRAIL resistance in breast cancer
Authors: Zhou Zhongmei , Liu Rong , Chen Ceshi
Published: April 2011

WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (WWP1) is an HECT domain‐containing E3 ligase regulating apoptosis. The WWP1 gene is frequently amplified and overexpressed in estrogen receptor α (ERα)‐positive breast cancer. Inhibition of WWP1 by siRNA induced apoptosis in MCF7 and HCC1500. In our study, we demonstrate that WWP1 depletion by siRNA activated the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. WWP1 depletion‐induced apoptosis was rescued by the overexpression of the wild‐type WWP1 but not the E3 ligase inactive WWP1‐C890A mutant in MCF7 cells. In contrast, WWP1‐C890A enhanced apoptosis, suggesting that the E3 ligase activity is required for WWP1 to promote cell survival. The expression levels of WWP1 in four breast cancer cell lines were specifically correlated with the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) resistance, but not TNFα and doxorubicin resistance. Both WWP1 depletion and dominant negative WWP1 overexpression increased the TRAIL‐induced caspase‐8 recruitment and apoptosis although WWP1 did not regulate FLIP and death receptor levels. Depletion of the initial caspase‐8 blocked WWP1 inhibition‐induced apoptosis in MCF7. These findings suggest that inhibition of WWP1 may be combined with TRAIL to suppress ERα‐positive breast cancer cell survival.
An RNAi screen identifies USP2 as a factor required for TNF‐α‐induced NF‐κB signaling
Authors: Metzig Marie , Nickles Dorothee , Falschlehner Christina , Lehmann‐Koch Judith , Straub Beate K. , Roth Wilfried , Boutros Michael
Published: April 2011

Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) signaling pathways play important roles during tumorigenesis and inflammation. Ubiquitin‐dependent processes are central to the regulation of TNF‐α and nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) signaling. We performed a targeted siRNA screen for ubiquitin‐specific proteases (USPs) and identified USP2 as a modulator of TNF‐α‐induced NF‐κB signaling. We showed that USP2 is required for the phosphorylation of IκB, nuclear translocation of NF‐κB and expression of NF‐κB‐dependent target genes and IL‐8 secretion. Our study also provides evidence for isoform‐specific functions of USP2. The immunohistochemical analysis of breast carcinomas revealed that USP2 expression is frequently downregulated. Together, our results implicate USP2 as a novel positive regulator of TNF‐α‐induced NF‐κB signaling and show that its expression is altered in tumor cells.
Molecular Selective Binding and Nanofabrication of Cucurbituril/Cyclodextrin Pairs
Authors: Chen Yong , Zhang Ying‐Ming , Liu Yu
Published: April 2011

Cucurbiturils (CBs) and cyclodextrins (CDs) are two important classes of macrocyclic molecules, both of which have the capability of forming stable complexes with various molecular or ionic substrates. These capabilities consequently make them attractive as both receptors for molecular recognition and building blocks for the construction of nano‐scaled supramolecular systems. This review mainly deals with representative contributions in comparative studies of selective binding and molecular assembly behaviors of cucurbiturils and cyclodextrins possessing different types of hydrophobic cavities. It also gives a description of the construction of nanometer‐scaled supramolecular architectures through the cooperative assembly employing cucurbiturils and cyclodextrins, as well as their functions. This review will be addressed to students and researchers interested in the supramolecular chemistry of cucurbiturils and cyclodextrins, especially that involving these two classes of macrocyclic receptors in a single system.
The Mechanism of Cucurbituril Formation
Authors: Isaacs Lyle
Published: April 2011

This article begins by describing the synthesis and recognition properties of the cucurbit[n]uril homologues CB[5], CB[6], CB[7], CB[8], and CB[10]. Subsequently, we describe the state‐of‐the‐art in understanding the mechanism of CB[n] formation. We describe the experiments that establish that glycoluril (1 H) undergoes condensation with formaldehyde by a combination of chain‐growth and step‐growth polymerization processes. Chain‐growth processes deliver methylene bridged glycoluril oligomers 2 C–8 C as intermediates that may undergo macrocyclization to nor‐seco‐CB[n] when the oligomer is long enough (5 C–8 C) and subsequently form CB[n]. Step‐growth processes allow oligomers to condense to give longer oligomers connected by a single CH2‐bridge that undergo macrocyclization to deliver (±)‐bis‐nor‐seco‐CB[6] and bis‐nor‐seco‐CB[10]. Lastly, we describe some of the exciting new recognition processes of the newly formed members of the CB[n] family. For example, bis‐nor‐seco‐CB[10] undergoes homotropic allostery during ternary complex formation, (±)‐bis‐nor‐seco‐CB[6] exhibits moderately diastereoselective recognition processes (d.r. up to 88 : 12) with chiral ammonium ions in water, and nor‐seco‐CB[6] functions as an aldehyde reactive CB[n] synthon that can control the folding of alkanediammonium ions into a backfolded conformation in water.
Supramolecular Assemblies Constructed by Cucurbituril‐Catalyzed Click Reaction
Authors: Tuncel Dönüs , Ünal Özlem , Artar Müge
Published: April 2011

Cucurbituril homologues are multi‐functional macrocycles that can find applications in many areas and have numerous interesting features setting them apart from the other macrocycles. Among them, the ability of one of the cucurbituril homologues, cucurbit[6]uril (CB6), to catalyze 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition in a regiospecific fashion is truly exceptional. Using this feature, small molecules can be clicked together to form complex structures in a very efficient way. Accordingly, in this article we review recent research involving the use of CB6‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition or the click reaction of CB6 in the construction of supramolecular assemblies including rotaxanes, pseudorotaxanes, polyrotaxanes, polypseudorotaxanes, molecular switches, machines, and nanovalves.
Transcriptional and post‐transcriptional down‐regulation of cyclin D1 contributes to C6 glioma cell differentiation induced by forskolin
Authors: He Songmin , Zhu Wenbo , Zhou Yuxi , Huang Yijun , Ou Yanqiu , Li Yan , Yan Guangmei
Published: April 2011

Malignant gliomas are the most common and lethal intracranial tumors, and differentiation therapy shows great potential to be a promising candidate for their treatment. Here, we have elaborated that a PKA activator, forskolin, represses cell growth via cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and induces cell differentiation characteristic with elongated processes and restoration of GFAP expression. In mechanisms, we verified that forskolin significantly diminishes the mRNA and protein level of a key cell cycle regulator cyclin D1, and maintenance of low cyclin D1 expression level was required for forskolin‐induced proliferation inhibition and differentiation by gain and loss of function approaches. In addition, that forskolin down‐regulated the cyclin D1 by proteolytic (post‐transcriptional) mechanisms was dependent on GSK‐3β activation at Ser9. The pro‐differentiation activity of forskolin and related molecular mechanisms imply that forskolin can be developed into a candidate for the future in differentiation therapy of glioma, and cyclin D1 is a promising target for pro‐differentiation strategy. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 2241–2249, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ER‐resident Gi2 protein controls sar1 translocation onto the ER during budding of transport vesicles
Authors: Nakagawa Hiroshi , Umadome Haruka , Miyazaki Shuichi , Tanaka Katsuhiro , Nishimura Kazuhiko , Komori Masayuki , Matsuo Saburo
Published: April 2011

In our previous study, fluoride ([AlF4]−) disturbed ER‐to‐Golgi transport through the activation of ER‐resident heterotrimeric G protein (ER‐G protein). Therefore, ER‐G protein may be implicated in ER‐to‐Golgi transport at the early stage prior to coat protein assembly. Sar1 translocation onto the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane is suppressed by non‐selective protein kinase inhibitor H89, suggesting the participation of H89‐sensitive kinase in this process. To investigate the involvement of ER‐G protein in ER‐to‐Golgi transport, the effect of Gi protein activator (mastoparan 7) was examined on Sar1 translocation onto the ER in a cell‐free system consisting of microsome membrane and cytosol. Sar1 translocation onto the microsome membrane was induced by addition of GTPγS in the cell‐free system. Translocation of Sar1 by GTPγS was suppressed significantly by both H89 and mastoparan 7. Mastoparan 7 suppressed the translocation of Sar1 onto the microsome membrane with dosage dependency, but mastoparan 17, the inactive analog of mastoparan 7, had no effect on Sar1 translocation. The suppressive effect of mastoparan 7 was recovered by treatment with pertussis toxin (IAP). Moreover, Gi2 protein was detected on the microsome membrane by western blotting for heterotrimeric Gi proteins. These results indicate that ER‐Gi2 protein modulated Sar1 translocation onto the ER, suggesting that ER‐resident Gi2 protein is an important negative regulator of vesicular transport at the early stage of vesicle formation before coat protein assembly on the ER. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 2250–2256, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of 3H‐labeled Tetrabenazine (TBZ)
Authors: Rhee Sung‐Whi , Ryan Kenneth J. , Tanga Mary J.
Published: April 2011

Tetrabenazine (TBZ) (1,3,4,6,7,11b‐hexahydro‐9,10‐dimethoxy‐3‐(2‐methylpropyl)‐2H‐benzo[a]quinolin‐2‐one), a vesicular monamine transporter 2 inhibitor, was prepared as a tritium‐labeled compound with high specific activity and radiochemical purity. Catalytic hydrogenation of a precursor with the terminal double bond was used to introduce the tritium. This method provides tritium‐labeled TBZ with high specific activity and radiochemical purity, which allow the further investigation of a TBZ in the neurological field. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.