bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mekanisme seleksi dewan pengawas Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi dalam perspektif cita hukum pancasila
Authors: Yokotani Yokotani , Satrio Ndaru
Published: June 2020

Pancasila sebagai cita hukum (rechtsidee) bangsa Indonesia. Kedudukan Pancasila sebagai cita hukum mengandung konsekuensi bahwa tatanan norma dan norma-norma hukum harus bersumber dari nilai-nilai Pancasila. Nilai-nilai ideal yang terkandung dalam cita hukum tersebut kemudian diderivasi menjadi seperangkat asas-asas hukum umum yaitu asas negara hukum, asas demokrasi, asas perlindungan terhadap hak asasi manusia serta asas partisipasi publik dalam sistem penyelenggaraan negara. Asas-asas hukum di atas merupakan dasar sekaligus pedoman dalam membentuk norma-norma yang berlaku umum dan asbtrak. Dalam konteks pembentukan norma-norma hukum yang bersifat abstrak-umum, asas-asas hukum harus dijadikan landasan dan atau pedoman. Dalam konteks Mekanisme Seleksi Dewan Pengawas KPK ini, digunkan dua asas yng sudah diderivasi dari Nilai Cita Hukum Pancasila yaitu asas negara hukum material atau negara hukum material atau asas negara hukum kesejahteraan dan asas pembatasan kekuasaan atau pebatasan kewenangan. Penulis berpandangan dengan adanya Presiden dan DPR dalam Mekanisme Seleksi Dewan Pengawas KPK jutru menggnggu sifat independen dari KPK tersebut, sehingga penulis mempunyai gagasan sebagai berikut: (1) pemerintah harus membuat panitia seleksi Dewan Pengawas KPK yang diangkat secara administratif oleh Presiden dan diberikan tugas yang independen dalam menentukan keputusn terkait ketua dan anggota Dewan Pengawas KPK , (2) penghapusan kewenangan Presiden dan DPR sebagai lembaga negara yang ikut serta membentuk Dewan Pengawas KPK , (3) Pembaharuan mekanisme seleksi Dewan Pengawas KPK harus dituangkan dalam suatu peraturan perundang-undangan.
Pernikahan anak usia dini ditinjau dari perspektif perlindungan anak
Authors: Eleanora Fransiska Novita , Sari Andang
Published: June 2020

Perkawinan anak-anak pada anak-anak pada pernikahan yang sangat awal dilakukan di bawah usia dewasa yang dilarang oleh hukum atau peraturan lain karena dapat menyebabkan hal-hal yang dapat membahayakan wanita. Dampak yang terjadi dari pernikahan merupakan masalah serius yang harus dengan tepat dan serius oleh pihak-pihak serta lembaga terkait. Karena hasil pada generasi mendatang disebabkan oleh tingginya jumlah anak pertama yang mengalami kehamilan dan persalinan yang tidak diinginkan. Kedua, ini juga menghasilkan perceraian. Ketiga, kelahiran bayi yang kelak tidak tumbuh dengan baik. Keempat, anak-anak yang menjadi korban perceraian berpotensi jatuh ke dalam kemiskinan, gagal dalam pendidikan, terjebak anak-anak yang diperdagangkan, ditempatkan dalam pekerjaan yang merendahkan diri seperti pekerja seks, pengedar narkoba, perbudakan. Ini semua melanggar hak anak. Metode dalam penelitian dalam menggunakan penelitian yuridis normatif adalah dengan prinsip dan teori meninjau buku, dokumen, jurnal, serta dari undang-undang undangan yang berkaitan dengan masalah yang akan diteliti. Hasilnya adalah pencegahan pernikahan anak di usia yang sangat muda adalah perlindungan hak-hak anak, terutama perlindungan hak untuk hidup, hak untuk tumbuh dan harus tetap dilindungi.
Ad dotandum puellas virgines, pauperes et honestas: Social Needs and Confraternal Charity in Rome in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries
Authors: Esposito Anna
Published: June 2020

In the late fifteenth century, Roman confraternities, especially that of SS. Annunziata, provided dowries for poor but "honest" girls. This charitable work was in response to the growing needs of a relatively defenceless segment of a society that was undergoing rapid transformation. This study of the rich holdings of confraternal archives provides insight into the increase in confratemal dowries, into how dowries were administered, into the selection of recipients, all viewed within the broader context of dotal practices in Renaissance Rome.
Hamlet hears Marlowe; Shakespeare reads Virgil
Authors: Black James
Published: June 2020

The excerpt from Aeneas' tale to Dido which Hamlet elicits from the Player is based in part on Marlowe's Dido Queen of Carthage. As a melodramatic description of the culmination of the Trojan war with the slaughter of Priam, the Player's speech appears to be specified by Hamlet because it recalls Old Hamlet's preceding account of his own murder — a report which figures Old Hamlet's body as an assailed citadel. These two accounts, with other Virgilian and contemporary allusions, associate the action and apparent inaction of Hamlet with the manoeuvres and stalemates of an extended siege war. Elizabethan land warfare was chiefly siege campaigning, and there was an extensive contemporary literature on this mode of conflict. Marrying Virgil's account of Troy to Renaissance siegecraft theory, Shakespeare makes the Aeneid and elements of contemporary warfare an entelechy of Hamlet.
Calvinist Miracles and the Concept of the Miraculous in Sixteenth-Century Huguenot Thought
Authors: Sluhovsky Moshe
Published: June 2020

This paper is a study of French Calvinism as a language. It was a language which employed the signifiers and the signs of the traditional Christian culture. There was persistent usages of key Catholic words in the theology of early Huguenot believers, regardless of their level of education or commitment to the cause. In an attempt to follow one such word (“miracle”: miracula or mirabilia), a large number of texts are examined, including Calvin’s own writings, the Histoire ecclésiastique, Simon Goulart’s Mémoires de l’estat de France sous Charles Neufiesme, and the personal diary of an anonymous believer in the provincial town of Millau.
Silvestro da Prierio and the Pomponazzi Affair
Authors: Tavuzzi Michael
Published: June 2020

The Italian Dominican friar Silvestro Mazzolini da Prierio (1456-1527), known as Prierias, served as Master of the Sacred Palace during the pontificates of Leo X, Adrian VI and Clement VII. He is chiefly remembered for his involvement in the cases of Luther and Reuchlin and an epistolary exchange with Erasmus. In this paper it is argued that he also played an important role in the Pomponazzi affair. Furthermore, Prierias’ intervention largely explains Bartolomeo Spina’s own polemics against both Pomponazzi and Cajetan.
Christianisme, métaphysique et épistémologie chez Marsile Ficin
Authors: Morin Yvan
Published: June 2020

Ficin centre la hiérarchie universelle sur l’homme, au sens d’une âme raisonnable. Métaphysiquement, la description substantialiste qu’en donne Kristeller ne semble pas pouvoir se comprendre sans l’apport hénologique des hypostases et la transformation chrétienne de cet apport. Cassirer, Allen, Lohr et Bréhier permettent de mieux y cerner le rôle de l’amour et de la vie. Certains changements épistémologiques découlent de cette transformation métaphysique. Le rapport de Ficin à Descartes est éclairé.
Funerary Rites in the Royalist Exile: George Morley's Ministry in Antwerp, 1650-1653
Authors: Major Philip
Published: June 2020

Les chercheurs ont récemment porté leur attention davantage sur les exilés royalistes et ont analysé une grande variété d’écrits laïcs et dévotionnels contemporains. Il n’y a cependant eu aucun examen approfondi d’un aspect de l’exil, fortement chargé politiquement, qui donne accès aux principaux dispositifs de survie de la résistance royaliste et anglicane sur le continent, c’est-à-dire, les rites funéraires. À travers l’analyse de la législation parlementaire et en particulier du ministère de George Morley à Anvers (1650–1653), cet essai tente de saisir les implications de l’utilisation continue par les exilés du Burial Office of the Book of Common Prayer, révélant ainsi dans quelle mesure la subversion royaliste était autant dirigée vers les forces hostiles à l’étranger que dans leur pays.
Les trois institutions oratoires à l'usage de Henri III: un compendium des traditions latine, hellénistique et humaniste
Authors: Charité Claude La
Published: June 2020

The literary tradition has preserved three Artes Rhetoricae written for the last of the Valois kings, who reigned in France under the name of Henry III from 1574 to 1589. These three texts are Jacques Davy Du Perron's Avant-discours de rhetorique, ou Traitté de l'eloquence, Jacques Amyot's Projet de l'eloquence royale, and Germain Forget's Rhetorique françoise faicte particulierement pour le roy Henry 3. All three very likely originated as academic speeches pronounced at the Louvre, in the presence of Henry III, in the final sessions of the Palace Academy during the summer of 1579. This article offers a re-reading of the three treatises in order to situate them in the history of rhetoric. It aims to show how each author collects and presents teachings of the principal rhetorical traditions. Thus, Du Perron, inspired mainly by Quintilian and Cicero, proposes a kind of abridged version of the rhetorical thought of Latin Antiquity. Amyot, for his part, puts forth a synthesis of ancient Greek rhetorical theory starting with Plutarch, Dyonisius of Halicarnassus and Demetrius of Phalerus. Germain Forget provides an account of Renaissance innovations, by adopting the nomenclature of Peter Ramus under the rubric of elocutio. The objective of this essay is to shed light on the complementary nature of the three treatises, as well as to suggest a probable order in which they were presented to the King, following a logical gradation from the most general to the most specific.
Cardinals, Inquisitors, and Jesuits: Curial Patronage and Counter-Reformation in Cosimo I's Florence
Authors: Murry Gregory
Published: June 2020

Cet article analyse les motivations du duc de Florence Côme I qui l'ont amené à soutenir l'inquisition et les activités des jésuites entre 1540 et 1560. À travers l'examen de la correspondance gouvernementale et des archives concernant les bénéfices Toscan, cette étude met en lumière les liens entre le mécénat de la curie et les instances de la réforme Catholique, sous trois aspects interreliés. Premièrement, Côme n'a pas rompu ses liens spirituels avec Rome, puisque cela aurait mis en danger les intérêts séculiers de son réseau de clients, qui ceux-ci avaient une grande activité au sein des États Papaux. Deuxièmement, étant donné cette restriction, le duc a dû établir des liens avec des cardinaux de la curie pouvant lui garantir des faveurs séculières et spirituelles pour son réseau de clients. Troisièmement, par la suite, ces mêmes cardinaux ont profité de leur position stratégique pour renverser le rapport de force et ainsi imposer l'inquisition et les Jésuites au gouvernement florentin réticent.
Jane Grey, 'Manful' Combat, and the Female Reader in Early Modern England
Authors: Snook Edith
Published: June 2020

Cet essai considère Jane Grey et les idéaux de la lecture féminine au début des temps modernes. À travers trois avenues de recherche, cet essai met en lumière l'influence de l'idéologie politique sur les pratiques de lecture de Jane Grey et sur l'émergence historique de la lecture féminine. L'essai examine d'abord la fonction de la lecture de la Bible dans des recueils, circulant en imprimés ou en manuscrits, et que Jane a créée peu avant sa mort. L'essai étudie ensuite la publication des textes de Jane Grey par des penseurs importants de la Réforme, tels que John Foxe et Miles Coverdale, qui sont également intéressés à son statut en tant que lectrice et acceptent à la fois son modèle de lectrice et sa féminité militante. Enfin, l'essai considère la représentation de Jane Grey en tant que lectrice dans des récits littéraires du début des temps modernes, dans lesquels Jane n'apparaît pas comme une militante du Christ mais en tant qu'épouse dévote, lectrice conventionnelle et émotive, ou en tant que femme instruite. L'essai montre ainsi que la formation de lectrice de Jane Grey est de nature politique, structurée par une série d'idées concernant l'église nationale, le statut de la femme, et les lois de succession héréditaire. C'est en réexaminant son oeuvre et sa réception que nous pouvons comprendre dans quelle mesure l'idéologie politique avait un impact sur la nature de la lecture féminine dans l'Angleterre du début des temps modernes.
Shakespeare's Penknife: Grafting and Seedless Generation in the Procreation Sonnets
Authors: Nardizzi Vin
Published: June 2020

Cet essai remet dans son contexte la figure de la greffe qu'utilise Shakespeare dans ses «sonnets de procréation» (numéro 1-17) par l'examen de la présentation de cette technique horticole dans la littérature de jardinage des seizième et dix-septièmes siècles. On y argue que le personnage du sonnet 15 se réfère à cette littérature, se terminant sur le vers «I engraft you new», visualisant la greffe horticole autant comme une technique d'écriture que comme une forme analogue à la procréation humaine. En tant qu'écriture, la greffe permet à l'orateur de se hisser au niveau des héritiers et de la poésie, puisque le canif est indispensable autant au poète qu'au jardinier, respectivement pour préparer une plume et une greffe. Toutefois, en tant qu'analogue de la procréation humaine, la greffe ne procède pas par semis ou par mélange des semences. Au lieu de cela, elle constitue une forme de génération ne nécessitant pas de semences, et de ce fait évoque le potentiel de la greffe comme reproduction travestie dans les Sonnets de Shakespeare.
Desigualdad de las cargas laborales frente al COVID-19
Authors: Guerra Paulina , Viera Daniela , Beltrán Daniela
Published: June 2020

El COVID-19 ha sido el nuevo desequilibrio de la igualdad de trabajo en todo el mundo, el mismo indica que las cifras en la carga laboral femenina incrementan día con día. Los empleos realizados por las mujeres en su mayoría no son moldeables a las alternativas laborales que presenta esta crisis sanitaria considerando que la mayor parte de ellos se realizan de forma presencial. En este artículo se reflexiona sobre las desigualdades de las cargas laborales frente al COVID-19 al combinar las actividades doméstico-familiares; pese a que el tema ha sido evaluado desde varios aspectos queda evidenciado la aún existente disparidad del trabajo femenino. A la vez, se visibiliza información orientada a abordar, en forma prioritaria la situación de estos grupos vulnerables, los cuales sin duda serán los más afectados.
PERANAN GURU PPKN DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN (BAHAN AJAR) ABAD 21 DI SMP NEGRI 2 KOTA TERNATE
Authors: Hasyim Rustam , Umar Sitirahia Hi
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran pada mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan (PPKn) yang berkualitas baik pada jenjang SMP, sehingga  dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Salah satu faktor yang memegang peranan penting dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar adalah perangkat pembelajaran. Tersedianya perangkat pembelajaran merupakan salah satu faktor yang menunjang proses pembelajaran berjalan dengan baik dan dapat meningkatkan mutu pendidikan. Perangkat pembelajaran adalah sejumlah bahan, alat, media, petunjuk dan pedoman yang akan digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran atau digunakan pada tahap tindakan dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar. Perangkat pembelajaran memberikan kemudahan dan dapat membantu guru dalam mempersiapkan dan melaksanakan kegiatan belajar mengajar di kelas. Hasil penelitian  menunjukkan bahwa guru PPKn di SMP Negeri 2 Kota Ternate dalam melaksanakan perencanaan proses mengunakan perangkat pembelajaran meliputi silabus dan rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran (RPP) yang memuat tujuan pembelajaran, materi ajar, metode pengajaran, sumber belajar, dan penilaian hasil belajar. Pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran dan bahan ajar di SMP Negeri 2 Kota Ternate adalah sebagai berikut: (1). Perangkat pembelajaran dan bahan ajar di SMP Negeri 2  Kota Ternate dalam menggunakan   kurikulum K13. (2) Dalam pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran dan bahan ajar di SMP Negeri 2  Kota Ternate diawali dengan analisis materi pelajaran yang sesuai dengan standar dan kompotensi yang diharapkan pada perumuskan pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran yaitu (RPP) dan silabus.
TANGGAPAN TENAGA KEPENDIDIKAN TERHADAP PENERAPAN FULL DAY SCHOOL DI SMA NEGERI 4 KOTA TERNATE
Authors: Rajaloa Nani I , Hasyim Rustam , Hajuan M. Akbar
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh kondisi alam yang tidak mendukung seperti panasnya matahari, kemudian dengan fasilitas sarana prasarananya maka tenaga pendidik dan peserta didik selalu merasa bosan pada penerapan full day school di SMAN 4 Kota Ternate. Pemerintah daerah juga hanya menghimbau kepada sekolah-sekolah yang berada di Kota Ternate untuk menerapkan full day school akan tetapi belum ada kajian yang efektif untuk penerapannya sehingga terjadi kontrovesi di kalangan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji lebih dalam tentang tanggapan-tanggapan tenaga pendidik, tenaga kependidikan, peserta didik, dan orang tua tentang penerapan full day school di SMAN 4 Kota Ternate. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tipe penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Penelitian kualitatif sebagai prosedur penelitian yang menghasilkan data deskriptif berupa kata-kata tertulis atau lisan dari orang-orang yang perilakunya dapat diamati, meliputi Tenaga Pendidik, Tenaga Kependidikan, Peserta didik, dan Orang Tua Wali. Subyek penelitian ini menggunakan teknik “Purpose Sampling”. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa data primer dan sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan full day school di SMA N 4 Kota Ternate belum terlaksana dengan baik atau tidak efektif. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan adanya kendala berupa prasarana yang belum mendukung, lingkungan sekolah serta aktivitas pembelajaran yang belum efektif, sehingga mempengaruhi potensi serta karakter peserta didik dan warga sekolah.
PENERAPAN PERMAINAN TIGA POS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI SENAM LANTAI KELAS IV SD NEGERI 43 KOTA TERNATE TAHUN PELAJARAN 2018/2019
Authors: Abdullatif Nur
Published: June 2020

Pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani, olahraga, dan kesehatan (PENJASORKES) ditemukan beberapa masalah yang kompleks, khususnya pada pembelajaran senam lantai. Dalam kegiatan pembelajaran, banyak siswa yang mengalami kesulitan. Faktor tersebut menyebabkan minat dan motivasi belajar siswa berkurang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar dalam mengikuti pembelajaran senam lantai guling depan pada siswa kelas IV SDN 43 Kota Ternate melalui permainan tiga pos. Tipe penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK), dengan menggunakan 2 siklus, dimana masing-masing siklus terdiri atas tahapan; (1) perencanaan; (2) pelaksanaan; (3) Pengamatan; dan (4) refleksi. Penelitian yang dilakukan mencakup 3 ranah yaitu ranah kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotorik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran senam lantai guling depan melalui permainan tiga pos di kelas IV SDN 43  Kota Ternate berdampak positif, hal ini terlihat pada siklus I ketuntasan belajar siswa hanya mencapai 32,5% sementara pada siklus II ketuntasan belajar siswa mencapai 93,33%. Hasil ketuntasan belajar siswa pada siklus II telah mencapai KKM yang telah ditetapkan yaitu 75, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran senam lantai guling depan melalui permainan tiga pos dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dengan selisih 60,83%.Kata kunci: Hasil belajar, senam lantai, permainan tiga pos
Greenhouses, hot water bottles, cycles and the future of New Zealand climate
Authors: De Lange W.P.
Published: June 2020

The Greenhouse Effect acts to slow the escape of infrared radiation to space, and hence warms the atmosphere. The oceans derive almost all of their thermal energy from the sun, and none from infrared radiation in the atmosphere. The thermal energy stored by the oceans is transported globally and released after a range of different time periods. The release of thermal energy from the oceans modifies the behaviour of atmospheric circulation, and hence varies climate. Based on ocean behaviour, New Zealand can expect weather patterns similar to those from 1890-1922 and another Little Ice Age may develop this century.
The future of pastoral farming in a changing climate
Authors: Palmer J.A.
Published: June 2020

Pastoral farming in New Zealand has always been a dynamic and uncertain business. Climatic conditions, market forces and the regulatory environment confronting pastoral farmers each have a long history of change, often rapidly and markedly. It is not surprising then that pastoral farmers are a resilient bunch. It is also not surprising that in respect of anthropogenic climate change some farmers are sceptical of what they see as another passing fashion in science, public policy and environmentalism - change to be weathered.
Methane emissions from ruminant livestock; are they important and can we reduce them?
Authors: Clark H.
Published: June 2020

Globally methane emissions from ruminant livestock account for 5-6% of total anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions. In New Zealand, methane emissions from ruminants comprise 31.5% of our total emissions putting us in a unique position within the developed world. Reducing methane emissions from ruminant livestock is technically challenging and has to be achieved against a rising demand for animal products. Keywords: methane, mitigation, ruminants
Forage crop sequences for pastoral systems in northern New Zealand
Authors: Minneé E.M.K. , Fletcher A.L. , De Ruiter J.M. , Clark D.A.
Published: June 2020

The feasibility of achieving the dairy industry's target of producing 45 t DM/ha/yr of forage with an average metabolisable energy (ME) value of 11 MJ ME/kg DM was evaluated for the Waikato and Northland regions of New Zealand. Keywords: crop sequence, dairy cow, supplementary forages, maize, brassica, cereal crops, forage yield, nutritive value
Time course of root initiation and development in perennial ryegrass - a new perspective
Authors: Robin A.H.K. , Matthew C. , Crush J.R.
Published: June 2020

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) tillers of cultivar 'Alto' were grown in hydroponic culture in winter- spring and autumn experiments and roots of known age were individually dissected and a number of properties including dry weight, main axis length and total length were measured to define root developmental status at successive positions or phytomers on the tiller axis.
Environmental and economic consequences of soil water repellency under pasture
Authors: Müller K. , Deurer M. , Slay M. , Aslam T. , Carter J.A. , Clothier B.E.
Published: June 2020

Our current survey revealed that soil water repellency (SWR) is a widespread phenomenon under pasture in the North Island. If present, SWR controls soil water dynamics.
Vegetative and reproductive development of balansa clover
Authors: Monks D.P. , Moot D.J.
Published: June 2020

The rate of emergence, time of the first mainstem leaf appearance, phyllochron and branch initiation and inflorescence development were quantified for balansa clover (Trifolium michelianum).
Soil pH, exchangeable aluminium and lucerne yield responses to lime in a South Island high country soil
Authors: Moir J.L. , Moot D.J.
Published: June 2020

A 2-year field experiment was conducted on a high country brown stony soil in the Lees Valley, North Canterbury. Two forms of lime ('AgLime' and 'Quicklime') were applied at 4 rates (0, 2, 4 and 8 t/ ha) and plots sown with 'Grasslands Kaituna' lucerne. Soil pH was strongly (R2=0.73) related to exchangeable aluminium (Al), with a sharp rise in plant-available Al levels below a pH of 5.8.
Thought for food: impacts of urbanisation trends on soil resource availability in New Zealand
Authors: Rutledge D.T. , Price R. , Ross C. , Hewitt A. , Webb T. , Briggs C.
Published: June 2020

Sustainable food production requires maintaining land of suitable quantity and quality to meet the needs of current and future generations.
Investigating the potential of kale to remove soil potassium accumulated from farm dairy effluent application
Authors: Thompson B.R. , Stevens D.R. , Knowles I.
Published: June 2020

Potassium (K) build up in soils is a side effect of prolonged farm dairy effluent irrigation, and can result in animal health issues. A kale crop was planted to investigate its potential to take up K applied in farm dairy effluent.
Suppression of vulpia and goose grass in dryland pastures through the choice of sown pasture species
Authors: Tozer K.N. , Edwards G.R. , Cameron C.A.
Published: June 2020

Vulpia (Vulpia myuros) and goose grass (Bromus hordeaceus) are common annual grass weeds throughout New Zealand in dryland pastures. They compete with sown species, suppressing pasture production and livestock performance.
Can we feed the world in 2050?
Authors: Edmeades G.O. , Fisher R.A. , Byerlee D.
Published: June 2020

Because the expansion of cropped areas is ultimately limited and increasingly undesirable, we review recent progress in maize, wheat, rice and soybean yields resulting from improved varieties and agronomic practices.
The future landscape of New Zealand agriculture
Authors: Thorrold B.S.
Published: June 2020

Land use change has been a constant theme of New Zealand history. Economics, government policy and farmer choices continue to influence these changes. Current financial drivers are encouraging further growth in the dairy industry through the Canterbury and Southland regions. Changing economic opportunities and government policy around water and nutrient loss will continue to shift the balance of the forces driving land use change. The challenge for business and science is to intensify the competition for land use by lifting the performance of all sectors.
Feeding systems in summer dry environments for red deer in lactation
Authors: Stevens D.R. , Corson I.D.
Published: June 2020

An analysis of the pasture growth pattern in a summer- dry environment compared with the feed requirements of breeding hinds shows that the inclusion of a brassica crop can improve feed supply.
Annual dry matter, metabolisable energy and nitrogen yields of six dryland pastures six and seven years after establishment
Authors: Mills A. , Moot D.J.
Published: June 2020

Dry matter (DM) yields, botanical composition, liveweight production and pasture quality of six grazed dryland pastures established in 2002 at Lincoln University, Canterbury, are reported for Years 6 (2007/08) and 7 (2008/09). Lucerne (Medicago sativa) yielded 14.0 t DM/ha/yr and sheep liveweight (LW) production totalled 903 (2007/08) and 1 141 kg/ha/yr (2008/09). Metabolisable energy (ME) on offer (~134 GJ/ha/yr) and N yield (>500 kg/ha/yr) from the lucerne exceeded those of grass-based pastures. Yields (9.8- 11.2 t DM/ha/yr) and liveweight production (814-912 kg/ha/yr) from cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) pastures established with subterranean (Trifolium subterraneum) clover were greater than all other grass-based pastures. Annual ME was 79-96 GJ/ha and N yield was 269- 316 kg/ha from the cocksfoot, subterranean clover and volunteer white clover (T. repens) components. For Year 7, the contribution of unsown weeds and grasses in cocksfoot-based pastures was ~28% of total annual yield compared with 55% in ryegrass (Lolium perenne)/ white clover pastures. Consequently, the ME and N yields from sown pasture components in ryegrass/white clover pastures were lower than those from cocksfootbased pastures. These results indicate dryland farms with lucerne and/or cocksfoot/sub clover pastures can produce higher DM yields from more persistent pasture species. Persistence led to more ME and N on offer to grazing livestock, which resulted in higher liveweight production than from the ryegrass pastures. Keywords: balansa clover, Caucasian clover, growth rates, pasture quality, T. ambiguum, T. michelianum
Influence of environmental factors on the abundance of naturalised annual clovers in the South Island hill and high country
Authors: Maxwell T.M.R. , Moir J.L. , Edwards G.R.
Published: June 2020

The abundance of four naturalised annual clovers (striated, cluster, suckling, haresfoot) and two sown clovers (subterranean and white clover) was investigated in relation to topographical, soil fertility and management factors on two contrasting hill/high country stations in the South Island: Glenfalloch in inland Canterbury (1 665 mm annual rainfall), and Mt Grand in Central Otago (703 mm annual rainfall).
Nitrate leaching from high production forage crop sequences
Authors: Beare M.H. , Gillespie F.Tabley R. , Maley S. , Harrison-Kirk T. , De Ruiter J.
Published: June 2020

New Zealand pastoral industries have set a goal of producing 45 t DM/ha annually from supplementary feed crops. Achieving this will require high inputs of water and nutrients that may increase the risk of nitrate leaching. This research describes nitrate leaching losses from the first year of intensively managed forage crop sequences to identify mitigation options.
Effects of integrated cropping and pasture renewal on the performance and profit of dairy farms
Authors: Bryant J.R. , Lambert M.G. , Brazendale R. , Holmes C.W. , Fraser T.J.
Published: June 2020

Pasture renewal on the milking platform of dairy farms may or may not involve growing forage crops in the transition from old to new pasture.
Modelling the effect of a nitrification inhibiter on N leaching from grazed pastures
Authors: Cichota R. , Vogeler I. , Snow V.O. , Shepperd M.
Published: June 2020

The nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide (DCD), is a promising technology for reducing N losses from grazed pastures. However, insights as to its best usage are still required. Modelling offers a cost-effective way to determine best practice for DCD, synthesising the available knowledge. The APSIM model, with a newly developed module for nitrification inhibition, was used to investigate the role of DCD on N leaching.
Effectiveness of a nitrification inhibitor (DCn) on a Coastal Taranaki dairy farm
Authors: Macdonald K.A. , Williams Y. , Dobson-Hill B.
Published: June 2020

The issue of high nitrate levels in fresh water is becoming increasingly important in New Zealand.
An evaluation of two pastoral dairy production systems using automatic milking technology
Authors: Jago J. , Burke J.
Published: June 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of two pastoral farming systems using automatic milking systems (AMS).
Implications for dry matter production and nitrogen management as soils develop following 'humping and hollowing' on the West Coast
Authors: Horrocks A.J. , Thomas S.M. , Tregurtha C.S. , Beare M.H. , Meenken E.D.
Published: June 2020

Humping and hollowing of wet and infertile soils on the West Coast is a practice used to improve drainage and pasture dry matter production (DMP).
Spatial irrigation scheduling for variable rate irrigation
Authors: Hedley C.B. , Bradbury S. , Ekanayake J. , Yule I.J. , Carrick S.
Published: June 2020

Recent unprecedented demands on freshwater for irrigation have led to over-allocations and restrictions. Variable rate irrigation (VRI) aims to optimise scheduling according to soil differences using irrigation prescription maps coupled with software-driven variable rate irrigators and individual sprinkler control for site specific management.
Comparison of sowing rate and seed treatment of Italian ryegrass on kikuyu pasture dry matter yields
Authors: Wynn K. , Hodgson R. , Andrewes W.
Published: June 2020

Plots were established on three farms in Northland in April 2009 and were monitored from May to December for differences in total pasture dry matter (DM) yield after direct-drilling Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) into kikuyu (Pennisitum clandestinum) following mulching. Pesticide-treated or untreated Italian ryegrass was drilled at 10, 15, 20 and 30 kg seed per hectare. Plot DM yields were estimated pre- and post-grazing using a rising plate meter. Daily pasture growth rates and total DM yields varied between sites but tended to increase with increased sowing rate. There was no significant pasture yield response to pesticide treatment of seed. This work suggests that sowing Italian ryegrass into kikuyu increases total pasture DM yield during winter and spring. Keywords: kikuyu, Italian ryegrass, sowing rate, pesticide
Relationships between farm productivity, profitability, N leaching and GHG emissions: a modelling approach
Authors: Smeaton D.C. , Cox T. , Kerr S. , Dynes R.
Published: June 2020

The financial and environmental performance of a typical dairy and sheep/beef farm under contrasting inputs and systems were modelled to test associations between productivity, profitability, nitrogen (N) leaching and green house gas (GHG) emissions. GHG emissions and N leaching were found to be closely correlated (R2 > 0.90) but the correlation between these two emissions items and production and/or profit was less so, suggesting that systems that are both profitable and have a modest emissions output should be possible. The reasons why farmers have not already adopted these systems are complex but could include any of: requirement of higher level of managerial skill, incompatibility with farm soil type or contour, increased risk and capital cost to convert to the new system. Any system that involves improvements in animal efficiency is associated with a reduction in emissions per kg of saleable product. Keywords: productivity, profit, N leaching, GHG emissions, modelling
Using silage inoculants to improve the quality of pasture and maize silage in New Zealand
Authors: Kleinmans J.J. , Dewar W.R. , Erasmus H.J.H. , Densley R.J.
Published: June 2020

Silage is an important supplement in New Zealand dairy systems, however quality can be variable. Challenges with pasture silage lie mainly in the fermentation process, while maize silages tend to have a better fermentation profile, but are prone to heating and spoilage at feed-out. A series of laboratory scale silo trials were used to investigate the effect of different silage inoculants on aerobic stability in maize silage (n=8) and fermentation quality in pasture silage (n=6). Inoculants affected aerobic stability in maize silage, and pH, fermentation losses, ammonia-N and fermentation acid profile in pasture silage, however products differed in their efficacy. Farmers can make better inoculant purchase decisions by choosing products that have supporting trial data as well as guaranteed bacteria numbers.
Winter feeding - changing labour requirements and productivity
Authors: Stevens D.R. , Casey M.J. , Scandrett J.S. , Baxter G.S.
Published: June 2020

Current winter feeding practice using a daily grazing duration to ration feed is based on the sheep industry of the 1960s to the 1980s when per head performance was much lower than today. This study investigated the impact of changing from a 1-day grazing duration to a 4-day grazing duration during winter on subsequent productivity. Ewe condition score and liveweight, tailing percentages, and tailing and weaning weights of lambs, as well as the incidence of vaginal prolapse in ewes at lambing were recorded over several years on a total of seven farms. Spring pasture growth and botanical composition was measured on one farm. Results suggest 4-day shifting had little impact on vaginal prolapse but did result in more settled sheep, easier winter shifting regime, and less pasture damage, leading to improved pasture production in early spring (P
Exploring rural futures together
Authors: Wedderburn M.E. , Kingi T.T. , Mackay A.D. , Brown M. , De Oca O.Montes , Maani K. , Burton R. , Campbell H. , Peoples S. , Manhire J. , Dynes R. , Kaye-Blake B.
Published: June 2020

The New Zealand pastoral industry has many simultaneous drivers, including market and policy compliance, that operate from the local to the global scale. The ability to adapt to these multiple drivers against a background of constrained natural resources and climate change is vital to the continued success of New Zealand's pastoral industry. Here we describe a case study based in the Horizons Region where we worked with pastoral sector stakeholders to apply a process in which an integrated systems perspective was used to identify and explore the impact of drivers on dairy and sheep/beef systems. Drawing from this process we have designed a generic framework, including tools and processes, to enable policy, farmers, and agribusiness to collectively explore the influence of multiple drivers on the future behaviour of farm systems and associated value chains. Keywords: Rural futures, collective learning, socioecological systems, strategic planning
The "root" to more soil carbon under pastures
Authors: Dodd M.B. , Crush J.R. , Mackay A.D. , Barker D.J.
Published: June 2020

Recent interest in building soil carbon in pastoral systems is driven by the imperative to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. It has been proposed that increasing root growth via deep rooting plants is a means of increasing soil carbon storage. Data on root depth distribution and production from a number of New Zealand studies are summarised to examine whether variation in root profiles can be manipulated and exploited. Most of the variation in root mass under grazed grass-clover pastures occurs in the upper 100 mm of soil. Changes in pasture management, such as soil fertility, grazing intensity and pasture species composition have a limited effect on root mass below this depth layer, of the order ±10-30%. Greater mass and length of roots in deeper soil layers under grazed grass-clover pastures is associated with lower soil fertility, drought stress and less commonly sown pasture species. The relationship between root mass (particularly deeper-root mass) and soil carbon storage has yet to be clearly established. Keywords: pasture species, root mass, soil carbon, soil fertility
Performance of new dairy pastures
Authors: Taylor A.L. , Fraser T.J. , King W. McG
Published: June 2020

It is common practice to renew old and "run-out" pastures that are not performing. Renewing pasture is costly so it is critical that the regrassing pays off. This trial on ten irrigated dairy farms from North Canterbury to North Otago was initiated to determine the value of regrassing on long term production and persistence of the new pastures. A pasture, deemed as run-out by the farmer, was subdivided and one half was renewed to a novel endophyte ryegrass pasture while the remainder of the paddock remained in the old pasture. The new pasture was compared with the original and another pasture on the same farm, considered by the farmer to be high performing. Pasture composition, production, and quality and pasture pests and endophyte infection have been monitored for two years. Herbage production is presented for the first 2 years of an ongoing trial, with quality and determination of wild/novel endophyte. When averaged across all 10 farms, the "control", "new" and "good" paddocks have all produced 15 t DM/ha in the year to May 2012. Levels of novel endophyte have remained high in the majority of new paddocks over the first 2 years. Clover root weevil is now present on all ten farms, at high levels (>200/m2) in some paddocks. Production from the new pastures equalled the total DM production from old pastures within 10 months of sowing. However, 2 years following pasture renewal, there has been no production advantage achieved from regrassing a stable old pasture. Keywords: pasture renewal, pasture persistence, irrigated dairy pastures, endophyte, pasture production, pasture composition
An on-farm study of the herbage quality and sward characteristics of plantain-clover mixes during late summer and autumn and resulting lamb growth rates
Authors: Cranston Lydia M , Kemp Peter D , Morris Steve T , Wood Brennon A
Published: June 2020

An on-farm study investigated the herbage quality and sward characteristics of plantain-clover mixes and resulting lamb growth rates during late summer and autumn. Three farms were chosen, each with a minimum of 10 ha of plantain-clover mix (Plantago lanceolata ‘Ceres Tonic’, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens) used for lamb finishing. Each farm managed the plantain-clover mix area using their routine management without advice or comment from research staff. Throughout autumn, at approximately monthly intervals on the three farms, the pre- and post-grazing herbage masses, botanical composition, herbage quality, plantain dry matter content, secondary chemical composition and lamb growth rates were monitored. A low percentage of clover in the sward, a high percentage of dead stem material and a low crude protein concentration in plantain during dry periods, were identified as the most likely causes of low lamb liveweight gains during autumn. Grazing management during spring that maintains control of plantain stems and encourages the presence of clover, appears to be a key management technique for ensuring high lamb liveweight gains on plantain-clover mixes in late summer and autumn.
Establishment, production and regeneration of subterranean clovers in the Mackenzie Basin, New Zealand
Authors: Olykan Sonya T , Lucas Richard J , Teixeira Carmen SP , Subtil Richard A , Moot Derrick J
Published: June 2020

The ‘Red Flats’ on Omarama Station in the Mackenzie Basin, has a winter cold, summer dry environment and soils with low plant available water (<60 mm in the top 1 m), and low pH(H2O) (5.2) and high aluminium (8 mg/kg) below 75 mm. The site received 3 t of lime, 300 kg sulphur-super, boron (B), molybdenum (Mo) and herbicides to eliminate hieracium (Hieracium pilosella). Twelve cultivars of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneaum), ‘Bolta’ balansa clover (T. michelianum), and perennial ‘Rossi’ red clover (T. pratense), were direct-drilled in February 2016. Over the next 3 years their frost tolerance, productivity and persistence were compared with the resident haresfoot clover (T. arvense). Balansa and the subterranean clovers all survived the 2016 and 2017 winters. The subterranean clovers maximum yield was 4.3 t DM/ ha after successful germination in February 2016 when sufficient rain extended the spring growing season into November. Subterranean clover cultivars from subspecies subterraneum yielded well in 2016, averaging 3.3 t DM/ha, as did the brachycalycinum ‘Antas’ with 3 t DM/ha. During the short season of 2017, the subterraneum ssp. cultivars ‘Denmark’ and ‘Karridale’ established the highest ground covers and ‘Antas’ the lowest. In 2018, ‘Antas’ had the lowest emergence rate and autumn yield. ‘Karridale’ had the highest re-establishment rate and the yanninicum ‘Trikkala’ the highest autumn yield (1.3 t DM/ha). Cultivars with low hardseededness ratings were the most successful at re-establishment in autumn 2017. Balansa clover was also persistent. In the favourable 2016 growing season the late-flowering resident haresfoot clover grew into early summer and yielded 3.7 t DM/ha. Red clover yielded 1 t DM/ha in 2016, but did not persist. Results suggest that medium-late flowering softer seeded subterranean clover cultivars and ‘Bolta’ balansa clover, are suitable for this environment.
Dry matter yield of six perennial legume species in response to lime over 3 years at Glenmore Station, Mackenzie Basin
Authors: Berenji Saman , Mills Annamaria , Moir Jim L , Pollock Keith M , Murray Will , Murray Emily , Moot Derrick J
Published: June 2020

The production and persistence of legumes which may improve South Island high-country pasture in the Mackenzie Basin were studied. The initial soil test results confirmed toxic levels of aluminium (9 mg/kg, 0-150 mm soil depth) that has prevented the development of large areas of land traditionally grazed by merino sheep and beef cattle. A 3-year field experiment was direct-drilled in December 2012 with five rates (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 t/ha) of surface applied lime and six legumes (lucerne, ‘Russell’ lupin, Caucasian clover, white clover, balansa, and Lotus pedunculatus) in three replicates. In Year 1, balansa clover and Russell lupin were the highest yielding legumes (7 t DM/ha), regardless of lime application rates. In Year 2 ‘Russell’ lupin was the highest (10.4 t DM/ha). Caucasian clover produced 4.6 t DM/ha and white clover and lucerne around 4.0 t DM/ha. Balansa clover (1.4 t DM/ha) and Lotus pedunculatus (2.5 t DM/ha) were the lowest yielding and they did not recover or persist after the initial grazing by merino sheep. These results confirmed that ‘Russell’ lupin and Caucasian clover thrived without the application of lime in this acidic soil with high Al levels.
Studi Perbandingan Kebijakan Pangan Fungsional di Indonesia dan Beberapa Negara Lainnya
Authors: Putera Prakoso Bhairawa
Published: June 2020

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran bagaimana perubahan peraturan terkait pangan fungsional dan perbandingan pengaturan pangan di beberapa negara lainnya khususnya pada pangan fungsional atau berklaim, serta untuk memetakan tantangan di masa depan bagi pengaturan pangan fungsional. Metode penelitian yang digunakan bersifat kualitatif dan data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder. Hasil kajian memperlihatkan bahwa beberapa negara mengatur secara khusus tentang pangan fungsional. Tantangan yang dihadapi untuk perkembangan pangan fungisional adalah regulasi, kelembagaan, database, dan eksplorasi serta identifikasi sumber pangan fungsional dari laut.

 

Kata kunci: pangan fungsional, berklaim, komparasi, peraturan, tantangan
Urgensi Peningkatan Akses Layanan Keuangan Bagi Masyarakat Pesisir di Kecamatan Muaragembong Kabupaten Bekasi
Authors: Suriamanda Gusganda
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis permasalahan tentang layanan jasa keuangan di wilayah terpencil seperti Kecamatan Muaragembong, serta berbagai skema program layanan jasa keuangan yang memungkinkan untuk diakses masyarakat pesisir tersebut pada berbagai skala usaha. Metode penelitian menggunakan analisis kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Terdapat berbagai alternatif layanan jasa keuangan bagi masyarakat Muaragembong, baik yang berasal dari program pemerintah pusat maupun swasta. Alternatif-alternatif layanan jasa keuangan dimaksud berupa Program kemitraan Badan Usaha Milik Negara, Lembaga Pengelola Dana Bergulir Koperasi, Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah, Lembaga Pengelola Modal Usaha Kelautan dan Perikanan, serta Pembiayaan Ultra Mikro. Pemerintah Kabupaten Bekasi harus proaktif dalam mendukung program keuangan inklusif guna meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat pesisir tersebut. Mengingat implementasi program ini sangat terkait dengan tujuan pembangunan makroekonomi Kabupaten Bekasi dalam upaya menurunkan tingkat kemiskinan dan ketimpangan pendapatan. Hal ini dapat dilakukan melalui penggalangan dan penguatan kerja sama dengan pemerintah pusat, swasta dan pemangku kepentingan lain.

 

Kata kunci: inklusi keuangan, masyarakat pesisir, kecamatan Muaragembong