bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of antipsychotic medication use among older people living in aged care homes in Australia
Authors: Nishtala Prasad S. , McLachlan Andrew J. , Bell J. Simon , Chen Timothy F.
Published: August 2009

Objective

To investigate determinants of antipsychotic medication use among older people living in aged care homes in Australia.

Design

Retrospective study of a random sample of de‐identified medication reports using cross‐sectional data gathered between 1 January 2008 and 30 June 2008 in Australia.

Subjects

The mean (SD) age of the residents was 84.0 (9.0) years. Seventy‐five per cent were females.

Measures

Resident demographics, clinical characteristics, medical diagnoses and prescribed medication were systematically recorded. Logistic regression (LR) models were used to determine predictors for any antipsychotic, atypical and conventional antipsychotic use.

Results

Twenty‐three per cent of the residents were prescribed one or more antipsychotics. In the LR model, factors for predicting the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) for any antipsychotic medication use were agitation (7.11, 95% CI 3.15–16.03), challenging behaviours (7.47, 95% CI 2.53–22.10), dementia (2.35, 95% CI 1.36–4.06), dementia with mood disorder (0.39, 95% CI 0.16–0.92), paranoia (6.70, 95% CI 1.08–41.55), psychosis (14.79, 95% CI 3.64–60.00) and any psychiatric diagnosis (3.30, 95% CI 1.82–6.00). Use of atypical antipsychotic medication was significant for agitation (4.58, 95% CI 2.05–10.23), aggression (2.25, 95% CI 1.05–4.78), challenging behaviours (8.01, 95% CI 2.76–23.24), dementia (3.64, 95% CI 1.99–6.67), dementia with mood disorder (0.16, 95% CI 0.06–0.43), psychosis (16.51, 95% CI 4.28–63.66) and any psychiatric diagnosis (4.44, 95% CI 2.33–8.46).

Conclusions

Psychiatric diagnosis, psychosis and dementia were associated with significantly greater odds for the use of antipsychotic medications. Older people suffering from dementia and comorbid mood disorders treated with antidepressants were less likely to be prescribed atypical antipsychotics. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical applications of slide‐based cytometry – an update
Authors: Gerstner Andreas O. H. , Laffers Wiebke , Tárnok Attila
Published: August 2009

Slide‐based cytometric approaches open the possibility to obtain quantitative and objective data from specimens that so far have not been accessible to this kind of analysis. In this review, we will highlight the specific advantages of slide‐based cytometry (SBC) and show the applications that have been established for clinical samples. Focuses are cytomic analyses of oncological and hematological samples where the slide‐based concept turned out to open new dimensions in understanding underlying cellular networks. We review the recent literature and point out future applications. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Flow cytometry with gold nanoparticles and their clusters as scattering contrast agents: FDTD simulation of light–cell interaction
Authors: Tanev Stoyan , Sun Wenbo , Pond James , Tuchin Valery V. , Zharov Vladimir P.
Published: August 2009

The formulation of the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) approach is presented in the framework of its potential applications to in‐vivo flow cytometry based on light scattering. The consideration is focused on comparison of light scattering by a single biological cell alone in controlled refractive‐index matching conditions and by cells labeled by gold nanoparticles. The optical schematics including phase contrast (OPCM) microscopy as a prospective modality for in‐vivo flow cytometry is also analyzed. The validation of the FDTD approach for the simulation of flow cytometry may open up a new avenue in the development of advanced cytometric techniques based on scattering effects from nanoscale targets. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Peripherally inserted central catheter use in the hospitalized patient: Is there a role for the hospitalist?
Authors: Akers Adam S. , Chelluri Lakshmipathi
Published: August 2009

BACKGROUND:

Peripherally‐inserted central venous catheters (PICCs) are frequently used in hospitals for central intravenous access. These catheters may offer advantages over traditional central catheters with respect to ease of placement and decreased complication rates. However, hospital physicians have not traditionally been trained to place PICCs.

METHODS:

We trained 3 of 5 hospitalists to place PICCs in our small university‐affiliated community hospital as we converted from a house physician model to a hospitalist model for inpatient care. We then looked retrospectively at the rates of all PICC and other central catheter placements as well as the number of femoral and nonfemoral catheter days for the 18‐month period prior to and after the inception of the hospitalist program.

RESULTS:

Comparing the periods prior to and after the inception of the hospitalist program, the total number of central catheter placements doubled and the PICC rate rose from 20% to 80% of all central catheters. The rate of femoral and subclavian catheter placements decreased by approximately 50% and the rate of internal jugular catheter placement was roughly unchanged. There was also a fall in the number of femoral catheter days and a great increase in the number of total nonfemoral catheter days. The rate of catheter‐related bacteremia remained low and did not appear to increase.

CONCLUSIONS:

PICCs may be a safe and easy alternative to centrally placed catheters for the hospital physician attempting to secure central intravenous access and may lead to a decrease in the need for more risky central venous catheter (CVC) insertions. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:E1–E4. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Impact of improvement efforts on glycemic control and hypoglycemia at a University Medical Center
Authors: Hermayer Kathie L. , Cawley Patrick , Arnold Pamela , Sutton Angela , Crudup John , Kozlowski Lisa , Hushion Timothy V. , Sheakley Maureen L. , Epps Juanita A. , Weil Rebecca P. , Carter Rickey E.
Published: August 2009

BACKGROUND:

Great emphasis is placed on optimizing treatment of hospitalized patients with diabetes and hyperglycemia.

OBJECTIVE:

This study was conducted to determine if the application of hospital‐wide insulin order sets improved inpatient safety by reducing the number of actual hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic events and increasing at‐target blood glucose.

DESIGN:

A retrospective chart review was conducted of hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic events and at‐target blood glucose occurring before and after institution of the insulin order sets and blood glucose protocols.

SETTING:

The Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) Medical Center is a 709‐bed hospital and tertiary referral center for partnering hospitals in the southeastern United States.

PATIENTS:

All patients were evaluated who had a documented history of diabetes or who had at least 1 finger‐stick blood glucose above 180 mg/dL who were admitted for care to the MUSC adult main hospital (minimum of 18 years‐of‐age; maximum 100 years‐of‐age) during June 2004, June 2005, June 2006, and June 2007.

INTERVENTION:

The intervention involved institution of hospital‐wide hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, subcutaneous insulin, and intravenous insulin treatment protocols.

MEASUREMENTS:

Retrospective data on hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and at‐target blood glucose incidence and frequency were collected via a computerized repository for all inpatients.

RESULTS:

The percent time in range improved by 10% with no increase in the amount of severe hypoglycemic episodes for the blood glucose results.

CONCLUSIONS:

Implementing standardized insulin order sets including hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia treatment protocols at MUSC produced expected benefits for patient safety for this patient population. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:331–339. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Improved performances on surface‐enhanced Raman scattering based on electrochemically roughened gold substrates modified with SiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Yu‐Chuan , Yu Chung‐Chin , Hsu Ting‐Chu
Published: August 2009

In this work, we use electrochemical oxidation–reduction cycles (ORC) methods to prepare surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)‐active gold substrates modified with SiO2 nanoparticles to improve the corresponding SERS performances. Based on the modified substrates, the SERS of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) exhibits a higher intensity by 3‐fold of magnitude, as compared with that of R6G adsorbed on a SERS‐active Au substrate without the modification of SiO2 nanoparticles. Moreover, the SERS enhancement capabilities of the modified and the unmodified Au substrates are seriously destroyed at temperatures higher than 250 and 200 °C, respectively. These results indicate that the modification of SiO2 nanoparticles can improve the thermal stability of SERS‐active substrates. The aging in SERS intensity is also depressed on this modified Au substrate due to the contribution of SiO2 nanoparticles to SERS effects. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First order molecular hyperpolarizabilities and intramolecular charge transfer from the vibrational spectra of NLO material: ethyl‐3‐(3, 4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐2‐propenoate
Authors: Jothy V. Bena , Sajan D. , Ravikumar C. , Němec I. , Xia Chun‐Nian , Rastogi V. K. , Joe I. Hubert
Published: August 2009

As part of the efforts for the design of new organic nonlinear optical(NLO) materials with high efficiency for present day technological requirements, a comprehensive investigation on the intramolecular charge transfer(CT) of an efficient π‐conjugated potential push–pull NLO chromophore, ethyl‐3‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐2‐propenoate(EDP) to a strong electron‐acceptor group through the π‐conjugated bridge has been carried out from their vibrational spectra. The first hyperpolarizabilities of caffeic derivatives are investigated by ab initio method. The NLO efficiency is experimentally measured by powder efficiency experiment. The strongest vibrational modes contributing to the electro‐optic effect from the simultaneous infrared(IR) and Raman activities of the ring CC stretching modes, in‐plane deformation modes, and the umbrella mode of the methyl groups have been identified and analyzed unambiguously. The influence of electronic effects, hyperconjugation and backdonation, on the CH stretching vibrations of both methyl and methylene groups causing the decrease of stretching wavenumbers and IR intensities has been extensively investigated. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiphonon resonant Raman scattering in N‐doped ZnO
Authors: Zhu Xiaming , Wu Huizhen , Yuan Zijian , Kong Jinfang , Shen Wenzhong
Published: August 2009

Multiphonon resonant Raman scattering in N‐doped ZnO films was studied, and an enhancement of the resonant Raman scattering process as well as longitudinal optical (LO) phonon overtones up to the sixth order were observed at room temperature. The resonant Raman scattering intensity of the 1LO phonon in N‐doped ZnO appears three times as strong as that of undoped ZnO, which mainly arises from the defect‐induced Raman scattering caused by N‐doping. The nature of the 1LO phonon at 578 cm−1 is interpreted as a quasimode with mixed A1 and E1 symmetry because of the defects formed in the ZnO lattice. In addition, the previously neglected impurity‐induced two‐LO‐phonon scattering process was clearly observed in N‐doped ZnO. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pepper mineral composition and sensory attributes as affected by agricultural management
Authors: Flores Pilar , Hellín Pilar , Lacasa Alfredo , López Alicia , Fenoll Jose
Published: August 2009

BACKGROUND: Given the contradictory information available concerning the potential beneficial effects of organic production on food quality, there is a need for studies that determine the real effect of cropping systems on fruit quality. A two‐year farm study was therefore conducted to assess differences in the mineral composition and sensory quality of pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Quito) fruits cultivated in organic (O), low‐input (LI) and soilless (SL) systems. Twenty‐four greenhouses were selected following strict criteria in order to reduce the influence of environmental conditions and accurately and realistically reflect commercial production systems.

RESULTS: The soil (O and LI) systems provided higher Ca and Mg concentrations than the SL system. In addition, fruit colour was favourably evaluated in green and red peppers from both soil systems. In contrast, SL fruits showed higher firmness in the green stage (related to higher flesh thickness). All fruit parameters that were affected by the cropping system were also affected by the harvesting time.

CONCLUSION: The main differences as regards the mineral composition and sensory attributes of the resulting fruit were observed between the soil (O and LI) and SL systems. The benefits of O peppers with respect to LI fruits could only be described as an absence of pesticide residues. Harvesting time can affect fruit composition and quality to a greater extent than cropping system. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure analysis of tribofilms generated by highly efficient, friction‐reducing additive in water–polyglycol–glycol lubricant
Authors: Ma Haibing , Peng Lulu , Liang Peipei , Qiao Rui , Ren Tianhui
Published: August 2009

The development of environment‐friendly lubricant additives can make a valuable contribution to addressing human health and energy problems. In the present work, the compound ammonium tetrathiomolybdate was synthesised and used as a highly efficient, friction‐reducing additive in water–polyglycol–glycol lubricants. Its tribological properties were tested by a four‐ball machine, and the composition of the tribofilm was identified by X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The tribological test results indicated that the additive cannot only reduce the friction coefficient value, but can also shorten the rubbing time needed to produce a ‘stable friction coefficient value’. The XANES results showed that the tribofilm is mainly composed of an adsorbed layer and a tribochemical layer; the formation of sulphate and molybdenum trioxide in the tribofilm on the metal wear surface is responsible for the excellent anti‐friction performances of the additive. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hyaline inclusion myopathy: Unmasked by statin therapy
Authors: Supala‐Berger Agnes , Fine Edward , Heffner Reid , Young‐McLain Eufrosina
Published: August 2009

We report a case of a patient with history of alcohol abuse, treatment for hepatitis C and repeated strenuous physical activity who developed severe muscle pain and weakness during statin therapy. The symptoms persisted after discontinuation of the drug. The diagnosis of myopathy was made clinically and by electromyography. As his symptoms persisted a muscle biopsy was performed which showed inclusions consistent with hyaline inclusions. Hyaline inclusion myopathy is discussed in the context of this case with review of the literature. Muscle Nerve, 2009
The homotopy analysis method to solve the modified equal width wave equation
Authors: Yusufoğlu Elçin , Selam Cevad
Published: August 2009

In this article, to solve the modified equal width wave (MEW) equation, the homotopy analysis method (HAM) is proposed. The initial approximation can be freely chosen with possible unknown constant, which can be determined by using the boundary and initial conditions. The HAM contains the auxiliary parameter ℏ, which provides us to adjust and control the convergence region of solution series with a simple way. Three conservative quantities are reported. Numerical results show that this method is a promising and powerful tool to solve the MEW equation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2010
New graduates' medication rounds: an improvement in practice
Authors: Hall Cath , Madsen Loren
Published: August 2009

The authors know of two recent deaths related to medicine (or drug) errors. New graduates of nursing administer medicines as a large part of their role, and medicine administration error is well documented. A plan was developed to address these errors in one acute care setting; this included a review of the literature, analysis of reported error, a focus group, a new graduate survey and evaluation. Three supervised medicine rounds, a practice oral medicine assessment and checking of graduates' charts was implemented. Comparison data (2007 and 2008) revealed a decrease in the number of medicine errors. Future graduates will be included in all phases of this evolving practice development, which has increased the effectiveness of patient care by decreasing potential harm. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel phosphorus‐containing copolyester with low melting temperature and high flame retardancy
Authors: Jing Xin‐Ke , Ge Xin‐Guo , Xiang Xing , Wang Chuan , Sun Zhe , Chen Li , Wang Yu‐Zhong
Published: August 2009

BACKGROUND: The increasing uses of non‐woven fabrics need the development of a kind of novel flame‐retardant polyester with low melting temperature. Neopentyl glycol (NPG) and 3‐(hydroxyphenylphosphinyl)propionic acid (HPPPA) were used as the third and fourth comonomer to synthesize phosphorus‐containing poly[(ethylene terephthalate)‐co‐(neopentyl terephthalate)] (PENT) with both flame retardancy and low melting temperature.

RESULTS: The chemical structure of PENT was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and 31P NMR spectroscopy. PENT displays a monomodal gel permeation chromatography curve. When the content of NPG was kept at 10 wt% and the content of HPPPA increased to 5 wt%, the melting temperature (Tm) of the resulting PENT5/10 decreases to 171.2 °C, a 34.6 °C decrease compared to that of PENT0/10 (containing no HPPPA). The flammability of the PENTs was characterized with the limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, the UL‐94 vertical test and the cone calorimeter test. The incorporation of HPPPA can significantly improve the flame retardancy of the PENTs, the LOI values of the PENTs increasing from 24.4 to 37.6, as the loading of HPPPA increases from 0 to 5 wt%.

CONCLUSION: The PENTs possess both low melting temperatures and excellent flame retardancy. HPPPA can be used as fourth comonomer to improve the flame retardancy of the PENTs, while decreasing the Tm value of the copolyester. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Proteomic analysis of mitochondria from Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Li Jing , Cai Tanxi , Wu Peng , Cui Ziyou , Chen Xiulan , Hou Junjie , Xie Zhensheng , Xue Peng , Shi Linan , Liu Pingsheng , Yates John R. , Yang Fuquan
Published: August 2009

Mitochondria play essential roles in cell physiological processes including energy production, metabolism, ion homeostasis, cell growth, aging and apoptosis. Proteomic strategies have been applied to the study of mitochondria since 1998; these studies have yielded decisive information about the diverse physiological functions of the organelle. As an ideal model biological system, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been widely used in the study of several diseases, such as metabolic diseases and cancer. However, the mitochondrial proteome of C. elegans remains elusive. In this study, we purified mitochondria from C. elegans and performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis using the shotgun proteomic approach. A total of 1117 proteins have been identified with at least two unique peptides. Their physicochemical and functional characteristics, subcellular locations, related biological processes, and associations with human diseases, especially Parkinson's disease, are discussed. An orthology comparison was also performed between C. elegans and four other model organisms for a general depiction of the conservation of mitochondrial proteins during evolution. This study will provide new clues for understanding the role of mitochondria in the physiological and pathological processes of C. elegans.
Annual Spring Meeting of the Proteomics Standards Initiative
Authors: Orchard Sandra , Deutsch Eric W. , Binz Pierre‐Alain , Jones Andrew R. , Creasy David , Montechi‐Palazzi Luisa , Corthals Garry , Hermjakob Henning
Published: August 2009

The Human Proteome Organization Proteomics Standards Initiative has produced reporting requirements and data interchange formats for the proteomics community. The implementation of these increasingly mature formats was the main focus of this meeting, with extensions being made to many schema to enable encoding of new data types. The endorsement of the proteomics standards initiative standards by an increasing number of journals is a main driving force behind tool development and a recognized need to ease the process of data deposition into the public domain for the bench scientist.
Positioning of the Stakeholders in the Interaction Project Management-Project Marketing: A Case of a Coconstructed Industrial Project
Authors: Soudain Laurence Lecoeuvre , Deshayes Philippe , Tikkanen Henrikki
Published: August 2009

Based on a business-to-business (B-to-B) case within the automotive industry, this study proposes logics (constructivist and determinist, respectively) of protagonists and highlights the complexity of their dynamics during the successive project's phases. The concept of milieu will emphasize the complex business in which project marketing takes place; notably, it allows better identification of relevant relationships. Our article focuses on this concept of milieu with regard to the interactions between project marketing and project management actors during project phases. In particular, this article underlines the difference and the accommodation between the dynamics of interaction and the dynamics of congruence of marketing and management logics.
Membranes from poly(aryl ether)‐based ionomers containing multiblock segments of randomly distributed nanoclusters of 18 sulfonic acid groups
Authors: Tian Shuanghong , Meng Yuezhong , Hay Allan S.
Published: August 2009

Multiblock copolymers 1a (Mn = 31,500–47,400) of sulfonated poly(aryl ether)s were synthesized by polycondensation of 4,4′‐difluorobenzophenone (DFBP), bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)sulfone (BHPS), and an hydroxy‐terminated sulfonated oligomer, which was synthesized from DFBP and 2,2′,3,3′,5,5′‐hexaphenyl‐4,4′‐dihydroxybiphenyl a. The copolymerization of trimeric monomer b with DFBP and BHPS gave a series of copolymers 1b (Mn = 26,200–45,900). The copolymers were then sulfonated with chlorosulfonic acid to give ionomers 3a with hydrophilic multiblock segments and ionomers 3b with segments containing clusters of 18 sulfonic acid groups. The proton exchange membranes cast from ionomers 3a and 3b were characterized with regard to thermal stability, water uptake, proton conductivity, and morphology. Transmission electron microscopy images of 3a‐1 and 3b‐1 revealed a phase separation similar to that of Nafion that may explain their higher proton conductivities compared with randomly sulfonated copolymers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 4762–4773, 2009
Laboratory trials of fatty acids as repellents or antifeedants against houseflies, horn flies and stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: Mullens Bradley A , Reifenrath William G , Butler Sarah M
Published: August 2009

BACKGROUND: Straight‐chain, saturated fatty acids (particularly C8, C9 and C10) have some known behavioral effects on insects such as mosquitoes, and were tested in combination for potential repellency/antifeedant activity in bioassays against three significant muscoid flies of medical/veterinary importance: houseflies, horn flies and stable flies.

RESULTS: Mixtures of C8, C9 and C10 (1:1:1; 15% total actives in formulation) were highly repellent to houseflies and horn flies at or below 1 mg formulation cm−2. Repellency time varied from < 1 day for houseflies to usually at least 3 days for horn flies. Individual longer‐chain‐length fatty acids were tested, and C11 repelled houseflies for up to 5–8 days, while C12 lasted 2 days. Minimum statistically significant repellency levels of the C8, C9 and C10 mixture (3 h after application) against horn flies were 0.06–0.12 mg cm−2. A liquid formulation of the 15% C8, C9 and C10 mixture in a silicone oil carrier (at 2.8 mg AI cm−2) was highly repellent against hungry stable flies in a blood‐feeding membrane bioassay for at least 8 h.

CONCLUSION: The low toxicity and reasonable activity and persistence of these carboxylic acids make them good candidates for development as protective materials against pest flies in livestock settings. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Horizontal potential vorticity dipoles on the convective storm scale
Authors: Chagnon J. M. , Gray S. L.
Published: August 2009

The structure and dynamics of potential vorticity (PV) anomalies generated by convective storms is investigated both theoretically and in a numerical model case study. Linear theory suggests that if the storm‐induced heating is on a sufficiently small scale (relative to the Rossby radius of deformation), and the environment contains moderate vertical wind shear (of order 1 m s−1 km−1), then the dominant mode of a diabatically generated PV anomaly is a horizontally oriented dipole. The horizontal dipoles are typically of 𝒪(10 PVU), compared with the 𝒪(1 PVU) vertical dipoles that have been studied extensively throughout the literature. Furthermore, the horizontal PV dipoles are realized almost entirely as relative vorticity anomalies (on a time‐scale of the order of tens of minutes after the heating has been turned on). The analysis of horizontal PV dipoles offers a new perspective on the vorticity dynamics of individual convective cells, implying that moist processes play a role in the maintenance of vertical vorticity in the convective storm environment. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Fragmentation pathways of 2,3‐dimethyl‐2,3‐dinitrobutane cations in the gas phase
Authors: Paine Martin R. L. , Kirk Benjamin B. , Ellis‐Steinborner Simon , Blanksby Stephen J.
Published: August 2009

2,3‐Dimethyl‐2,3‐dinitrobutane (DMNB) is an explosive taggant added to plastic explosives during manufacture making them more susceptible to vapour‐phase detection systems. In this study, the formation and detection of gas‐phase [M+H]+, [M+Li]+, [M+NH4]+ and [M+Na]+ adducts of DMNB was achieved using electrospray ionisation on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The [M+H]+ ion abundance was found to have a strong dependence on ion source temperature, decreasing markedly at source temperatures above 50°C. In contrast, the [M+Na]+ ion demonstrated increasing ion abundance at source temperatures up to 105°C. The relative susceptibility of DMNB adduct ions toward dissociation was investigated by collision‐induced dissociation. Probable structures of product ions and mechanisms for unimolecular dissociation have been inferred based on fragmentation patterns from tandem mass (MS/MS) spectra of source‐formed ions of normal and isotopically labelled DMNB, and quantum chemical calculations. Both thermal and collisional activation studies suggest that the [M+Na]+ adduct ions are significantly more stable toward dissociation than their protonated analogues and, as a consequence, the former provide attractive targets for detection by contemporary rapid screening methods such as desorption electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. Copyright © 2009 Commonwealth of Australia. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of 8‐epi PGF2α concentrations as a biomarker of oxidative stress using triple‐stage liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Bastani Nasser E. , Gundersen Thomas E. , Blomhoff Rune
Published: August 2009

F2‐isoprostanes are a family of prostaglandin F2‐like compounds that are formed by free‐radical‐catalyzed peroxidation of arachidonic acid. Several F2‐isoprostanes, but in particular 8‐epi PGF2α, are widely used as oxidative stress biomarkers. An analytical method based on liquid chromatography with negative electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled to tandem mass spectrometric detection (LC/MS/MS) was developed for the determination of 8‐epi PGF2α concentrations in human plasma, whole blood, erythrocytes and urine. 8‐epi PGF2α‐d4, a stable isotope derivative of 8‐epi PGF2α, was used as an internal standard (IS). A 50 µL sample was focused on‐column and separated on two 3 µm particle size SUPELCOSIL™ ABZ+Plus HPLC columns (15 cm × 4.6 mm and 7.5 cm × 4.6 mm) connected in series. An Applied Biosystems 4000 Q TRAP LC/MS/MS system with ESI was operated in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with the precursor‐to‐product ion transitions m/z 353.4 → 193.1 (8‐epi PGF2α), 357.4 → 197.1 (8‐epi PGF2α‐d4), used for quantification. The assay was fully validated and found to have adequate accuracy, precision, linearity, sensitivity and selectivity. The mass limit of detection (mLOD) was 1 pg of analyte eluting from the column. The assay has been successfully applied to the analysis of human plasma, whole blood, erythrocytes and urine samples. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the resilience of nitrogen assimilation by intact roots under starvation, as revealed by isotopic and metabolomic techniques
Authors: Bathellier Camille , Tcherkez Guillaume , Mauve Caroline , Bligny Richard , Gout Elizabeth , Ghashghaie Jaleh
Published: August 2009

The response of root metabolism to variations in carbon source availability is critical for whole‐plant nitrogen (N) assimilation and growth. However, the effect of changes in the carbohydrate input to intact roots is currently not well understood and, for example, both smaller and larger values of root:shoot ratios or root N uptake have been observed so far under elevated CO2. In addition, previous studies on sugar starvation mainly focused on senescent or excised organs while an increasing body of data suggests that intact roots may behave differently with, for example, little protein remobilization. Here, we investigated the carbon and nitrogen primary metabolism in intact roots of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants maintained under continuous darkness for 4 days. We combined natural isotopic 15N/14N measurements, metabolomic and 13C‐labeling data and show that intact roots continued nitrate assimilation to glutamate for at least 3 days while the respiration rate decreased. The activity of the tricarboxylic acid cycle diminished so that glutamate synthesis was sustained by the anaplerotic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase fixation. Presumably, the pentose phosphate pathway contributed to provide reducing power for nitrate reduction. All the biosynthetic metabolic fluxes were nevertheless down‐regulated and, consequently, the concentration of all amino acids decreased. This is the case of asparagine, strongly suggesting that, as opposed to excised root tips, protein remobilization in intact roots remained very low for 3 days in spite of the restriction of respiratory substrates. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous analysis of 13C‐glutathione as its dimeric form GSSG and its precursor [1‐13C]glycine using liquid chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry
Authors: Schierbeek Henk , Rook Denise , te Braake Frans W. J. , Dorst Kristien Y. , Voortman Gardi , Godin Jean‐Philippe , Fay Laurent‐Bernard , van Goudoever Johannes B.
Published: August 2009

Determination of glutathione kinetics using stable isotopes requires accurate measurement of the tracers and tracees. Previously, the precursor and synthesized product were measured with two separate techniques, liquid chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (LC/IRMS) and gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS). In order to reduce sample volume and minimize analytical effort we developed a method to simultaneously determine 13C‐glutathione as its dimeric form (GSSG) and its precursor [1‐13C]glycine in a small volume of erythrocytes in one single analysis. After having transformed 13C‐glutathione into its dimeric form GSSG, we determined both the intra‐erythrocytic concentrations and the 13C‐isotopic enrichment of GSSG and glycine in 150 µL of whole blood using liquid chromatography coupled to LC/IRMS. The results show that the concentration (range of µmol/mL) was reliably measured using cycloleucine as internal standard, i.e. with a precision better than 0.1 µmol/mL. The 13C‐isotopic enrichment of GSSG and glycine measured in the same run gave reliable values with excellent precision (standard deviation (sd) <0.3‰) and accuracy (measured between 0 and 5 APE). This novel method opens up a variety of kinetic studies with relatively low dose administration of tracers, reducing the total cost of the study design. In addition, only a minimal sample volume is required, enabling studies even in very small subjects, such as preterm infants. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids from Crinum by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Xi , Huang Hao , Liang Xu , Huang Haiqiang , Dai WeiXing , Shen YunHeng , Yan ShiKai , Zhang WeiDong
Published: August 2009

A high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization multi‐stage tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI‐MSn) method was developed to analyze two structurally related groups of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids (AmAs), crinane‐ and tazettine‐type alkaloids, in the species Crinum latifolium and C. asiaticum, as well as different organs of C. latifolium. In ESI‐MSn spectra of the two types of alkaloids, characteristic fragmentation reactions were observed that allowed us to determine and differentiate them. Based on the fragmentation rules of reference standards, crinane‐type alkaloids displayed concurrent neutral loss of C2H5N (43 u) and C2H6N (44 u) as well as characteristic ions of m/z 213 and 211, whereas tazettine‐type alkaloids exhibited neutral loss of C3H7N (57 u) [or C2H5N (43 u), C3H7NO (73 u)] from the [M+H]+ and [M+H–H2O]+ ions. These were supported by quadrupole time‐of‐flight (Q‐Tof)‐MS/MS analysis. The chemical complexity of the mixture was resolved by profiling. The compositions of the main crinane‐ and tazettine‐type alkaloids in the above‐mentioned species and organs were also compared. Overall, 28 AmAs comprising 14 crinane‐type and 14 tazettine‐type alkaloids were identified and studied by MS. Among them, 14 AmAs were tentatively characterized from the two species for the first time. This method allowed a rapid analysis of alkaloid distribution and composition of Crinum species, and may also be used for quality control and screening of extracts designated for pharmaceutical application. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel dual‐mode predictive control strategy for constrained Wiener systems
Authors: Zhang Hai‐Tao , Chen Guanrong , Chen Michael Z. Q.
Published: August 2009

In process industry, there exist many Wiener systems with input magnitude constraints for which, however, most of the existing control algorithms cannot guarantee to have sufficiently large regions of asymptotic stability. In this paper, the subspace method is applied to separate the nonlinear and linear blocks in a constrained multi‐input/multi‐output (MIMO) Wiener system and a novel dual‐mode nonlinear model predictive control algorithm is developed to maximize the region of the asymptotic stability. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the virtues of this new control algorithm. The limitation is the requirement that the state and input matrices of the Wiener system's linear block should be accurately identified. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intracellular Polysilicon Barcodes for Cell Tracking
Authors: Fernandez‐Rosas Elisabet , Gómez Rodrigo , Ibañez Elena , Barrios Leonardo , Duch Marta , Esteve Jaume , Nogués Carme , Plaza José Antonio
Published: August 2009

During the past decade, diverse types of barcode have been designed in order to track living cells in vivo or in vitro, but none of them offer the possibility to follow an individual cell up to ten or more days. Using silicon microtechnologies a barcode sufficiently small to be introduced into a cell, yet visible and readily identifiable under an optical microscope, is designed. Cultured human macrophages are able to engulf the barcodes due to their phagocytic ability and their viability is not affected. The utility of the barcodes for cell tracking is demonstrated by following individual cells for up to ten days in culture and recording their locomotion. Interestingly, silicon microtechnology allows the mass production of reproducible codes at low cost with small features (bits) in the micrometer range that are additionally biocompatible.
Hybride Strukturen frei geformt – Das Haus für Musik und Musiktheater in Graz
Authors: Schmid Volker , Mandl Peter , Winter Paul
Published: August 2009

Im März 2009 wurde das Haus für Musik und Musiktheater – kurz MUMUTH – der Musikhochschule in Graz eröffnet. Der architektonische und tragwerkstechnische Höhepunkt des Gebäudes ist der dreistöckige Foyerbereich, der von einem freigeformten “Twist” getragen wird. Im Tragwerk des Twists werden gebogene Stahlrohre im Verbund mit frei geformtem Stahlbeton eingesetzt und mit zusätzlichen Füllkörpern aus Schaumstoff zu einer hybriden Tragstruktur kombiniert. Der folgende Beitrag beschreibt den Entwurfsprozess, die Formfindung des Twists im Dialog von Architekt und Tragwerksplaner, die Besonderheiten der Tragwerksplanung und die Herstellung dieser frei geformten Tragstruktur.

Free formed hybrid structures – House of music and music theatre in Graz, Austria.

In March 2009 the house for music and music theatre – short MUMUTH – in Graz opened for the public. The architectural and engineering highlight of the three storey building is the foyer area, which is supported by a free formed and load bearing structure called the “Twist”. The structural system of the Twist consists of bended steel tubes working compositely together with free formed concrete slabs and additional plastic foam elements to reduce its weight. The paper describes the design process, the form finding of the Twist and the challenges for the structural design and the execution of the structure.
Membranversteifte Bogentragwerke
Authors: Alpermann Holger , Gengnagel Christoph
Published: August 2009

Der Einsatz von flächigen Zugversteifungen wie Membrane ist ein neues Konzept zur Stabilisierung von Bogentragwerken. Die Effizienz dieses Ansatzes konnte in Tests an einem ersten Prototyp gezeigt werden. In einer Studie wurden die wesentlichen Einflussgrößen und ihre Auswirkungen untersucht. Es zeigte sich, dass die Entwurfsparameter das Tragverhalten entscheidend beeinflussen. Bei einer sinnvollen Parameterwahl lassen sich Bogentragwerke durch Membrane sehr effizient stabilisieren.

Membrane restrained arches.

The application of plane restraining systems such as membranes is a new approach for stabilizing arches. The effectiveness of that concept was proven in tests on a first prototype. A study analyses the essential parameters and their implication. Parameter choice has a crucial effect on the structural behaviour. If the parameters are chosen reasonably, membranes can stabilize arches very efficiently.
Die Lamellendächer von Hugo Junkers
Authors: Weller Bernhard , Tasche Martin , Baatz Julia
Published: August 2009

Hugo Junkers (1859–1935) ließ sich 1924 und 1925 ein stählernes Lamellendach patentieren. Wegen seines hohen Vorfertigungsgrades, der einfachen Montage und großen Robustheit konnte es sich schnell weltweit verbreiten. Bis zu 40 m weit spannende Hallen und Hangars wurden nach dem Junkers 'schen System gebaut. Da jedoch viele Hallen im zweiten Weltkrieg zerstört und nach dem Krieg nicht mehr gebaut wurden, geriet diese Bauart zunehmend in Vergessenheit. Der Aufsatz stellt Konstruktion, Statik, Vor‐ und Nachteile sowie noch existierende Objekte in Deutschland vor.

Steel Lamella Roofs by Hugo Junkers.

1924 and 1925, Hugo Junkers (1859–1935) patented a steel lamella roof construction. Because of its simplicity and markable rigidity it was soon used for many large roofs worldwide, which could span up to 40 m. It combines prefabrication, light weight, easy erection and durability in a striking manner. Unfortunately, due to the World War II and its consequences only few of these roof structures still exist.
Die Bedeutung einer qualifizierten Bauwerksprüfung
Authors: Sedlacek Gerhard , Paschen Michael
Published: August 2009

Die Bauwerksprüfung ist integraler Bestandteil der Sicherheitsplanung für ein Bauwerk. Mit der Vorabplanung einer erfolgreichen Bauwerksprüfung können die Herstellkosten eines Bauwerks reduziert, die Erhaltungskosten erheblich gesenkt und die Lebensdauer vergrößert werden. Die Bauwerksprüfung führt also nicht nur zu größerer Sicherheit und Dauerhaftigkeit, sondern sie rechnet sich auch wirtschaftlich. Am Beispiel des Brückenbaus wird eine erfolgreiche Bauwerksprüfung gezeigt und auf eine weitere Verbesserung ihrer Möglichkeiten durch geeignete Planung hingewiesen.

Significance of a qualified control of structures of buildings and civil engineering works.

The control of structures is part of the safety plan for buildings and civil engineering works. The a priori design for an efficient control can reduce the cost for construction and for maintenance and hence increase the service life. The control of structures therefore is not only a means to enhance the structural reliability and durability but also turns out to be profitable. An efficient way of control of structures is demonstrated for the example of bridges; further steps to improve the efficiency are recommended.
Role of prenatal ultrasound in predicting survival and mental and motor functioning in children with spina bifida
Authors: van der Vossen S. , Pistorius L. R. , Mulder E. J. H. , Platenkamp M. , Stoutenbeek P. , Visser G. H. A. , Gooskens R. H. J. M.
Published: August 2009

Objective

To determine which prenatal ultrasound findings can predict survival and mental and motor functioning in children with spina bifida.

Methods

Prenatal ultrasound examinations of all liveborn children who were prenatally diagnosed with spina bifida between 1997 and 2002 at the University Medical Centre, Utrecht (n = 41) were retrospectively reviewed for lesion level, head circumference, ventriculomegaly, scoliosis and talipes. These measures were correlated with postnatal anatomical (as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) and functional lesion levels, survival and motor and mental outcome at 5 years of age. The capacity of prenatal ultrasonography to determine lesion level was also assessed in all fetuses diagnosed with spina bifida from 2006–2007 (n = 18).

Results

Nineteen infants died before the age of 5 years. Multivariate regression analysis showed that higher lesion level and head circumference ≥ the 90th percentile on prenatal ultrasound examination were independent predictors of demise (P < 0.05 and P = 0.01, respectively). None of the ultrasound features was a predictor of motor or mental functioning. Ultrasound predicted anatomical lesion level within one level of the postnatal findings in 50% of the first cohort and 89% of the second cohort (P < 0.01). The level of the anatomical lesion as assessed by postnatal MRI differed from the functional lesion by as many as six vertebral levels.

Conclusions

Lesion level and head circumference on prenatal ultrasound are predictive of survival in children with spina bifida. No predictors were found for mental or motor function at the age of 5 years. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Finite Mixture Multilevel Multidimensional Ordinal IRT Models for Large Scale Cross-Cultural Research
Authors: de Jong Martijn G. , Steenkamp Jan-Benedict E. M.
Published: August 2009

We present a class of finite mixture multilevel multidimensional ordinal IRT models for large scale cross-cultural research. Our model is proposed for confirmatory research settings. Our prior for item parameters is a mixture distribution to accommodate situations where different groups of countries have different measurement operations, while countries within these groups are still allowed to be heterogeneous. A simulation study is conducted that shows that all parameters can be recovered. We also apply the model to real data on the two components of affective subjective well-being: positive affect and negative affect. The psychometric behavior of these two scales is studied in 28 countries across four continents.
Place‐based social network quality and correlates of substance use among urban adolescents
Authors: Mason Michael J. , Valente Thomas W. , Coatsworth J. Douglas , Mennis Jeremy , Lawrence Frank , Zelenak Patricia
Published: August 2009

A sample of 301 Philadelphia adolescents were assessed for substance use and place‐based social network quality, a weighted variable based upon risky and protective behaviors of alters. The network measure was anchored in routine locations identified as safe, risky, important, or favorite. Results show young females' (13–16) substance use was strongly associated with their place‐based social networks compared to older females (17–20) and compared to young and older males. Younger females' protective networks reduced their likelihood of substance use compared to females with risky networks (OR = .94, CI = .89–.99,p< .05), while young males experienced no protective network effects. Older females' protective networks reduced the likelihood of substance use compared to those with risky networks (OR = .96, CI = .93–.99,p< .005). Older males' protective networks also reduced their likelihood of substance use (OR = .86, CI = .74–.99,p< .05). Results highlight the varying affects of place, gender, and age on adolescent social network protection and associated risk for substance use.
Comparison of pregnancy outcomes in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy using 24‐hour urinary protein and urinary microalbumin to creatinine ratio
Authors: Gangaram Rajesh , Naicker Manogaran , Moodley Jagidesa
Published: August 2009

Objective

To determine the role of proteinuria estimated using the 24‐hour urinary protein test and the spot urinary microalbumin to creatinine ratio on the outcomes of pregnancy in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

Methods

A total of 163 hypertensive women were recruited. Maternal and perinatal outcomes in women with and without significant proteinuria were compared using the diagnostic accuracy of the two tests.

Results

Women with significant proteinuria determined using the 24‐hour urinary protein test delivered at an earlier gestational age, had higher rates of induced labor, and lower birth weights compared with women who had gestational hypertension. No significant differences in outcomes were noted using the diagnostic accuracy of the spot urinary microalbumin to creatinine ratio dipstick.

Conclusion

The spot urinary microalbumin to creatinine ratio dipstick is a good screening test to rule out clinically significant proteinuria.
Assessment of bone mineral density should be considered earlier in perimenopausal women with vasomotor symptoms
Authors: Tural Alper , Yoldemir Tevfik , Erenus Mithat
Published: August 2009

Objective

To investigate the relationship between vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes) and osteopenia or osteoporosis in perimenopausal women.

Method

In this cross‐sectional study 79 perimenopausal women aged between 45 and 55 years and seen at the Gynecology or Menopause Outpatient Clinic of Marmara University School of Medicine were allotted to one of 2 groups according to the presence or absence of hot flashes. The groups were then compared for bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar vertebrae, as measured by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry.

Results

The mean BMD measurement for vertebrae L2 to L4 was 0.32 ± 0.19 for the group with no hot flashes and − 0.53 ± 0.21 for the group with hot flashes (P = 0.007). In the former, 6.1% of the women and in the latter, 32.6% of the women had a BMD value less than a 1.5 standard deviation from the mean (P = 0.005).

Conclusion

Women with vasomotor symptoms are more prone to have osteopenia or osteoporosis.