bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GREEN TRANSFORMATION OF THE TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS SYSTEM OF THE BLACK SEA REGION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EUROPEAN GREEN DEAL
Authors: Liashenko Viacheslav , Tsvirko Olena , Trushkina Nataliia
Published: October 2021

The article proposes a comprehensive approach to assessing the development of the transport and logistics system of the Black Sea region. This approach is based on the use of a set of indicators that characterize the current state of the transport and logistics system from an environmental point of view. Such indicators include volumes of pollutant emissions from mobile sources; emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere from the activities of transport and warehousing; volumes of industrial waste (generated, disposed of, disposed of in specially designated places or facilities, accumulated during operation in specially designated places or facilities); current expenditures and capital investments for environmental protection in the field of transport and warehousing; capital investment in air protection and climate change; capital investments in waste management; current expenditures on-air protection and climate change issues; current costs of waste management; investments in capital repairs of fixed assets for environmental protection. On the basis of the received results of the carried-out diagnostics, modern ecological problems of functioning of transport and logistic system of the region are revealed. As a result of the research, it is proved that to ensure the effective functioning of the transport and logistics system of the Black Sea economic region on the basis of green economy and balanced sustainable development it is advisable to implement a comprehensive approach. Its essence is the symbiosis and integration of principles, functions, management methods, information systems, green technologies, and green financial instruments aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving environmental safety, making sound innovative decisions on environmental management of logistics. It is established that in modern Ukrainian realities it is necessary to apply in the Black Sea region the best international practice of implementing the mechanism of "green" financing of infrastructure projects.
β-lactoglobulin peptides obtained by chymotrypsin hydrolysis
Authors: Aguilar-Ovando Brayan , Calderón-Domínguez Georgina , García-Garibay Mariano , Jiménez-Guzmán Judith , Jardón-Valadez Eduardo , León-Espinosa Erika B. , Cruz-Monterrosa Rosy G. , Cortés-Sánchez Alejandro de Jesús , Ruíz-Hernández Rafael , Díaz-Ramírez Mayra
Published: October 2021

Objective: Whey proteins, as β-lactoglobulin, have biological activity. Controlled hydrolysis of this protein could generate peptides with some biological function. The aim of this work was to analyze the peptides resulting from the in vitro hydrolysis with chymotrypsin in order to evaluate the presence of bioactive peptides.

Design/methodology/approach: Chymotrypsin was used in the hydrolysis of β-lactoglobulin, and its peptides were evaluated by ultrafiltration, electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry.

Findings/conclusion: Results showed that 2 h of chymotrypsin hydrolysis (T1) released peptides with molecular weight values of 8 and 9 KDa, while 4 h of hydrolysis (T2) produced peptides with molecular mass weight values of 7 and 5 KDa. The mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) showed six peaks and five of them were comparable with those obtained by in silico hydrolysis results (done previously by Fonseca Ayala, 2018). The identified peptides (DTDYK, DAQSAPL and LKPTPEGDL) in the fraction <1 kDa showed inhibitory activity of angiotensin converting enzyme and inhibitory activity of enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV according BIOPEP database. These results showed that β-lactoglobulin peptides obtained by chymotrypsin hydrolysis could have biological activity that can be used in different types of industries as pharmaceutical and food.

Limitations on study/implications: The in vitro evaluation of the biological activity of the characterized peptides is necessary.
Increase Mather: The Foremost American Puritan
Authors: Murdock Kenneth
Published: October 2021

The classic biography of preeminent colonial Massachusetts minister and President of Harvard College, Increase Mather (1639-1723). This is the work that re-started Puritan studies in America.

“A book which will be indispensable to students of early American history.” —Times Literary Supplement

“It is a book to welcome and appreciate.” —American Historical Review

“The available sources have been used carefully, and the story is told with great literary skill.” —The Sewanee Review

“[Murdock’s book] opened the sluice gates to powerful streams of scholarship that in the next two decades revised our understanding of American Puritanism.” —Philip F. Gura, in A Concise Companion to American Studies
Empreendedorismo feminino
Authors: Coleti Jamile de Campos , Silva Juliana , Silva Morais Lorena
Published: October 2021

Objetivos: Analisar o perfil das mulheres empreendedoras da cidade de Frutal – MG e identificar os desafios enfrentados para abertura do empreendimento e a relação deles com a questão de gênero. Método: Pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualiquantitativa delineada em um estudo de caso. Resultados: As mulheres empreendedoras participantes do estudo demonstram características essenciais ao indivíduo que pretende se tornar empreendedor. Conclusão: As mulheres empreendedoras participantes do estudo atendem as recomendações descritas na literatura do assunto em relação ao perfil empreendedor, o que, por sua vez, aumenta as chances do empreendimento alcançar resultados positivos.
Effects of Curing Method on Properties and Salt-Scaling Resistance of Concrete under Lab Testing
Authors: Richards Greg , Shehata Medhat
Published: October 2021

This paper presents a study of the effect of curing on the salt-scaling resistance of concrete containing supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) under lab conditions. Two curing methods were examined: moist curing and wrapping in a tight plastic sheet. Wrapping concrete slabs in plastic was adopted to represent curing methods that do not supply the concrete with additional water. The two curing methods produced different scaling results; however, the outcomes did not change in terms of meeting or failing the acceptance limit. Curing in plastic wraps produced higher carbonation depth prior to exposing the sample to the salt solution. This could have contributed, partly, to the higher scaling obtained in wrapped samples, other than the sample with 40% high-calcium fly ash. For this sample, there is evidence that curing using plastic wraps maintained high alkali concentration in the surface concrete, which could have enhanced the pozzolanic activity of the fly ash at the surface.
Properties of Concrete Containing Recycled Concrete Aggregate of Preserved Quality
Authors: Shehata Medhat , Andal Jonathan , Zacarias Philip
Published: October 2021

This
study focuses on evaluating recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) of high quality
produced through a protocol that preserves the original properties of the
concrete to be recycled. Concrete with RCA of preserved quality was compared to
concrete with commercially available RCA. A total of 29 mixes were tested with
RCA replacement ranging from 30% to 100% of the coarse aggregate. Results showed
that concrete with RCA of preserved quality performed significantly better in
compressive strength, drying shrinkage, and salt scaling resistance.
Furthermore, the use of 30% RCA with preserved quality produced concrete of
comparable quality to that of concrete with natural aggregate.
Comprehensive Overview of REDD+ in India: Status, Opportunities
and Challenges
Authors: Chand Harish Bahadur , Singh Sanjay , Kumar Abhishek , Kewat Anil Kumar , Bhatt Roshan , Bohara Ramesh
Published: October 2021

Climate change is a worldwide issue with detrimental effects on ecosystems and human well-being. Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) is a worldwide policy tool for combating climate change by reducing emissions from the forestry sector and has received widespread attention. Since the program's inception, India has been a strong advocate for REDD+ and its activities. The goal of this research is to evaluate India's current REDD+ readiness. India is the fourth largest CO2 emitter in the world, accounting for 7% of global CO2 emissions. India's emission trajectory shows the country's ever-increasing CO2 emission trend, with an annual average increase rate of 5-6 percent. India has a large geographical area and forest cover, and it holds 7,124.6 million tons of carbon stock. Forests are traditionally managed through a participatory approach, which is similar to REDD+ activities. India has made significant progress toward REDD+ implementation by developing a national REDD+ strategy, enacting consistent laws and regulations, and demonstrating accountability and monitoring of national forest carbon. However, several issues, including forest dependency, community rights, capacity building, policies, and finance, should be carefully addressed to overcome hurdles in REDD+ implementation.
Еthymological Characteristics of Borrowings in the Gastronomic Discourse
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Morozkina Tatyana V. , Golubeva Dina A. ,   Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Yarmila Rusinyakova ,   University of Economics, Bratislava, Slovakia
Published: October 2021

This article deals with the features of borrowings and their causes in the gastronomic discourse. Gastronomic topics reflect a wide range of features of the language and culture in general, so it is interesting when studying the features of intercultural communication as well. Currently, thanks to the processes of globalization and internetization, the promotion of consumer products in different countries has become available to people from completely different segments of the population. Therefore, this topic is up-to-date in the study of intercultural communication. By means of the analysis aimed at the determination the ethnosemantic components, the corpus of lexical units in gastronomic discourse was divided into groups according to the following parameters: territorial; culturally-labeled (according to the shape of a product), culturally-labeled (according to the method of preparation), culturally-labeled (according to the country of origin), culturally-labeled (according to the nomination of proper names).
Integration of University into the Development of Human Resources of the Regional System of Secondary Vocational Education: Possible Strategies
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Fakhretdinova Milyausha A.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to substantiating the idea of the importance of the interaction between the university and professional educational organizations in the context of renewing transformations in the system of secondary vocational education. Professional educational organizations experience certain difficulties in ensuring the quality of teaching staff necessary to solve complex problems when training workers, mid-level specialists for the region’s economy. The article identifies possible strategies for integrating the university into the development of human resources of the regional secondary vocational education system in the following areas: training teaching staff, advanced training, using the results of professional educational organizations in the regional program «Development of innovative processes», improving the professional skills of managers and teachers, developing their design culture and professional competencies in the field of inclusive vocational education. The resources for the development of the personnel potential are considered to be the joint work of the university and educational institutions in the preparation and conduct of scientific and practical events at various levels, the translation of the best educational practices into the professional community of the region. The article is presented in the form of an overview of the speeches of the participants of the webinar within the framework of the regional educational forum «Raising a Man: New Challenges» State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov (Ulyanovsk, Russia).
EARTHQUAKE DISASTER EDUCATION IMPROVES PREPAREDNESS FOR STUDENTS AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL OF JIGUDAN SRANDAKAN BANTUL INDONESIA
Authors: Setyaningrum Niken , Nurhayati Pipin
Published: October 2021

Bantul district is an earthquake-prone area because it is close to the south coast area, it is traversed by plates that cause disasters. One of the disaster mitigation efforts is to prevent the number of victims when an earthquake occurs. It is necessary to increase understanding and change people's behavior. One of the right targets is elementary school students because education at an early age will affect behavior. Earthquake disaster education is a disaster mitigation effort. The indicator is the measurement of the level of earthquake preparedness using a questionnaire. Education is carried out for students in grades 3, 4, and 5 of the Elementary School of Jigudan Srandakan Bantul. The school is located in the red zone. The results of these measurements are mostly in the ready category with a score of 65 – 79 as many as 42 students. It is important to continue the education to improve earthquake disaster mitigation.
COVID 19 RISK ASSESSMENT AS A STRENGTHENING OF EARLY AWARENESS AND RESPONSE SYSTEMS WITH THE PERSONAL INARISK APPLICATION
Authors: Fasya Abdul Hakim Zakkiy , Winoto Priyo Mukti Pribadi , Handayani Dwi , Ibad Mursyidul , Masruroh Nur , Wibawa Dayu Satriya
Published: October 2021

The limited management of the surveillance system in Trenggalek caused the absence of an early warning alert and response system (EWARS) if the infectious disease situation leads to outbreaks. The current condition in the community, that there were still many confusing issues related to Covid19, which caused paranoia to occur. It will be difficult to do early detection and immediate treatment as a form of prevention of severity. Using the InaRISK Personal application, participants were invited to conduct an independent assessment of Covid19 transmission risks. Providing materials, mentoring, and evaluating, did this method. The results knew that participants feel the use of the application in awareness and preventing the transmission of Covid19. However, there were still complaints about application operations, such as disturbances, errors, and difficulty in determining the location point. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the functions and features of the application, which are used easily and comfortably.
Ethical Dilemmas with Little Time for Reflection: A Discussion of the Ethics of Out-of-Hospital Refusals
Authors: Galozo Bryson , MacDonald Blair
Published: October 2021

In this article, we consider an approach for ethical decision-making for refusals in the out-of-hospital environment. Autonomy and beneficence are discussed as the two ethical principles central to guiding paramedic decision-making in this context. We describe some situations where the two principles may come into conflict and where the working paramedic may be faced with an ethical dilemma. These cases may involve temptations of medical paternalism, which we argue ought to be avoided if possible. A discussion on navigating between autonomy and beneficence will be presented in order to help paramedics sort through dilemmas when these principles conflict. We argue that when these principles are in conflict, autonomy should primarily be respected – however, we will examine situations where the principle of autonomy cannot be applied and the paramedic should either attempt to rectify the patient's capacity for autonomous decision-making, or, if not possible, proceed with the principle of beneficence.
Shrimp farming in Southwestern Bangladesh: a case study of economic impacts during COVID-19
Authors: Akter Rabeya , Khan Mujibur Rahman
Published: October 2021

Bangladesh is endowed with a long coastline and therefore offers the enormous potential of marine wealth. In the coastal part of Bangladesh, shrimp is one of the most important export-oriented aquacultures due to high-profit return on the same value. Shrimp farming contributes significantly to the livelihoods of rural Bangladeshis in the southwestern region. It is critical to be aware of current culture practices and the measures shrimp farmers take to sustain the trend of exporting shrimp around the world. A random sampling was done of shrimp farmers in the Batiaghata Upazila of Khulna district to learn about the current state of shrimp farming and the challenges they are faced during COVID-19. The recent study reveals that most farmers following semi-intensive monoculture practice, application of organic sources in the shrimp pond, selection of PCR tested hatchery-produced Post Larvae (PL) and maintaining good hygiene practice that delivered considerable production of shrimp in this area. But in addition, with these good production farmers also face some difficulties. Some major shrimp diseases were identified in this study including White Feces Disease (WFD), White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome (EMS), Black Gill Disease and some parasite attacks like Zutharium. Lower market price, flood and mortality are other constraints for shrimp farming. The low market price is the major issue for shrimp farmers nowadays around this pandemic situation. As a result, the government, donor agencies, planners, academics, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) should come forward during the pandemic periods to assist farmers in resolving challenges and ensuring shrimp export revenues of Bangladesh are sustainable.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2021, 7 (3), 273-283
IMPLEMENTASI METODE INCREMENTAL PADA SISTEM INFORMASI ADMINISTRASI DESA JAMBUWER
Authors: Wahyuni Evi Dwi
Published: October 2021

Desa Jambuwer adalah sebuah desa yang membutuhkan sistem informasi administrasi kependudukan yang dapat melakukan pengolahan data terkait proses pemberian layanan informasi tentang Desa Jambuwer seperti mencetak surat keteranganan, surat pernyataan, surat pengajuan dan pengolahan data RT dan RW. Dalam pelayanan dan informasi ke publik masih dilakukan secara manual, semua data dicatat ke dalam buku. Untuk pembuatan surat keterangan tidak mampu, surat keterangan penerimaan pensiun , surat pernyataan ahli waris harus mencari data terlebih dahulu di buku-buku penduduk induk. Sedangkan untuk mendapatkan informasi, masyarakat diharuskan untuk meluangkan waktu datang ke kantor. Hambatan yang dihadapi dalam proses mendapatkan informasi tersebut adalah aktivitas yang memakan waktu ketika masyarakat harus hadir ke kantor Desa dan risiko kesalahan petugas dalam pencatatan data. Hal ini bisa diatasi dengan membangun sistem baru yang lebih efektif yaitu sistem informasi administrasi Desa Jambuwer. Analisis pada sistem ini menggunakan analisis Elisitasi tahap 1, dan elisitasi tahap 2, dan MDI (Mandatory, Desirable, and Inessential). Untuk teknik pengembangan sistem menggunakan metode Incremental. Software yang digunakan untuk membangun sistem ini adalah Laravel dan XAMPP sebagai koneksi ke database MySQL. Setelah melakukan implementasi menggunakan metode incremental, peneliti melakukan tahapan pengujian menggunakan metode UAT untuk mengetahui penerimaan pengguna terhadap sistem informasi administrasi Desa Jambuwer. Dari hasil yang didapatkan pada pengujian UAT mendapatkan hasil yang baik dan dapat diterima oleh pengguna sistem. Kata Kunci: Laravel, Sistem Informasi administrasi, Web, Xampp, PHP
Investigating English Students’ Motivation in Speaking Class during New Normal Era
Authors: Martina Feny , Akbarjono Ali , Friantary Heny , Sari Tri Nengsi Puspita
Published: October 2021

Motivation is one of the most important factors and greatly influences the learning process. The purpose of this study was to determine how the level of motivation of students in the speaking class during the new nomal era, namely the second semester students of the English Department of IAIN Bengkulu. This study used a descriptive quantitative approach. The techniques used in collecting data were questionnaire and interview. The questionnaire consists of 36 questions divided into intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. The data are presented statistically using percentage, frequency, arithmetic mean, and standard deviation division. The results showed that the mean score of intrinsic motivation (3.89) was higher than the average score of extrinsic motivation (3.39). However, the overall motivation average of 3.68 is considered a high level of motivation despite currently studying in the Covid-19 pandemic conditions. The results of this study indicate that the majority of students learn English in the speaking class because of intrinsic motivation. They actively speak and learn English because of their own inner desires. Based on the findings of this study, several relevant learning implications and useful motivations are recommended to increase student motivation.
A novel Venturi system to generate high flow with titratable FiO2
Authors: Coppadoro Andrea , Bellani Giacomo
Published: October 2021

Venturi-based flow generators are commonly used for noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) of high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO). The system is simple and allows to increase the total flow while decreasing the FiO2 starting from a single oxygen source.
In this report we describe the characteristics and performance of a novel Venturi system (EasyVEE, Levate, BG, Italy), which allows to vary the size of the port through which ambient air is entrained, hence allowing a continuous modulation of FiO2.
The system allowed to modify FiO2 continuously between 35% and 80% and, consequently, a 1.5- to 4.5-fold increase of the total flow rate. A minimal decrease in entrainment performance was observed for positive end-expiratory pressure levels above 12.5 cmH2O.
EasyVEE system appears to be a simple, flexible, and reliable solution to generate continuous flow for noninvasive respiratory support interfaces.
Медіація в корпоративних спорах
Authors: КОВАЛЕНКО ІРИНА , ПОЄДИНОК ВАЛЕРІЯ
Published: October 2021

У статті розглядається можливість вирішення корпоративних спорів у порядку медіації в аспекті викликів бізнесу та досвіду сучасного юридичного закріплен ня у країнах Європейського Союзу та на міжнародному рівні. Досліджено правове регулювання медіації у контексті Директиви Європейського Парламенту та Ради 2008/52/ЄС про деякі аспекти посередництва (медіації) в цивільних та комерційних справах та Конвенції Організації Об’єднаних Націй про міжнародні угоди, укладені в результаті медіації від 7 серпня 2019 р. (Сінгапурська конвенція), яку підписали 46 країн, зокрема й Україна. Аналізуються проєкти законів України про медіацію з позицій урегулювання корпоративних спорів.
Метою статті є дослідження перспектив впровадження медіації в корпоративних спорах в Україні з огляду на кращий зарубіжний досвід.
Сучасне українське законодавство не регулює медіацію. У результаті аналізу законопроєктів про медіацію виявлено, що можливість медіаційного вирішення спору не повинна випливати виключно з положень договору. Медіація має стати способом врегулювання всіх конфліктів, які виникли або можуть виникнути між сторонами у зв’язку з будь-якими конкретними правовідносинами, незалежно від того, чи мають такі правовідносини договірний характер, чи ні. Таке положення має надзвичайно важливий практичний компонент для корпоративного права, адже статут не є видом договору за українським законодавством. Тимчасом саме в статуті було б зручно закріплювати можливість розв’язання корпоративних конфліктів за допомогою медіації.
Авторки доходять висновку про необхідність законодавчого забезпечення примусового виконання медіаційного рішення з огляду на виклики бізнесу. Така доцільність обґрунтовується особливостями корпоративних конфліктів, потребами популяризації медіації, розвантаження судової системи.
Laporan Kasus: Pria 60 tahun dengan Eritroderma et causa Dermatitis Seboroik
Authors: Anggarini Dyah R. , Pasaribu Sarah D.
Published: October 2021

AbstrakEritroderma merupakan peradangan kulit mengenai 90% atau lebih permukaan kulit biasanya disertai skuama. Pasien laki-laki berusia 60 tahun datang ke RSUD Dr. Wahidin Sudiro Husodo dengan keluhan muncul bercak merah disertai rasa gatal dan kulit mengelupas di seluruh tubuh sejak 1 hari yang lalu. Gatal lebih dirasakan saat berkeringat. Dijumpai sisik berwarna putih teraba kasar di bagian wajah dan sisik kekuningan di bagian kepala. Diketahui ada riwayat alergi pemakaian antibiotik dan analgesik pasca operasi. Pasien juga memiliki riwayat rawat inap berulang lebih dari 5 kali dengan keluhan yang sama, dilakukan biopsi kulit terhadap pasien. Tujuan biopsi untuk mengetahui penyebab eritroderma, mencegah kekambuhan dan memberikan tatalaksana yang tepat bagi pasien. Hasil biopsi kulit ditemukan sel parakeratosis dan sel spongiosis, namun tidak ditemukan sel-sel ganas.Kata Kunci: Eritroderma, Alergi Obat, Biopsi KulitCase Report: A 60 years old man with Erythroderma ec. Seborrhoic DermatitisAbstractErythroderma is a skin inflammation that affects 90% or more on the surface of the skin, usually accompanied by scaly. A 60-years-old male patient came to Wahidin Sudiro Husodo General Hospital with complaints red patches itchy and flaking skin all over the body since 1 day ago. Itching is more felt when sweating. Found rough scaly patches of erythema all over the faces and yellow scale around head’s patient. There is a history of allergies to antibiotics and postoperative anesthetics. Patient also has a repeated hospitalization for more than 5 times with the same complaint. Biopsies have been performed with the aim of determining the cause of erythroderma, preventing recurrence and proper treatment. Examination of skin biopsy results found parakeratosis cells and spongiosis cells, but no malignant cells were found.Keyword: Erythroderma, Drug Eruption, Skin Biopsy
Another Criterion For The Riemann Hypothesis
Authors: Vega Frank
Published: October 2021

Let's define $\delta(x)=(\sum_{{q\leq x}}{\frac{1}{q}}-\log \log x-B)$, where $B \approx 0.2614972128$ is the Meissel-Mertens constant. The Robin theorem states that $\delta(x)$ changes sign infinitely often. Let's also define $S(x) = \theta(x)-x$, where $\theta(x)$ is the Chebyshev function. It is known that $S(x)$ changes sign infinitely often. We define the another function $\varpi(x)=\left(\sum_{{q\leq x}}{\frac{1}{q}}-\log\log \theta(x)-B \right)$. We prove that when the inequality $\varpi(x)\leq 0$ is satisfied for some number $x\geq 3$, then the Riemann hypothesis should be false. The Riemann hypothesis is also false when the inequalities $\delta(x)\leq 0$ and $S(x)\geq 0$ are satisfied for some number $x\geq 3$ or when $\frac{3\times\log x+5}{8\times\pi\times\sqrt{x}+1.2\times\log x+2}+\frac{\log x}{\log\theta(x)}\leq 1$ is satisfied for some number $x\geq 13.1$ or when there exists some number $y\geq 13.1$ such that for all $x\geq y$ the inequality $\frac{3\times\log x+5}{8\times \pi \times\sqrt{x}+1.2 \times\log x+2}+\frac{\log x}{\log(x+C \times\sqrt{x} \times \log\log\log x)}\leq 1$ is always satisfied for some positive constant $C$ independent of $x$.
Integration of Host Plant Resistance and Cultural Tactics for Management of Root- and Stem-Feeding Insect Pests in Rice
Authors: Villegas James M. , Wilson Blake E. , Stout Michael J.
Published: October 2021

The rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, is the most important early-season pest of rice in the U.S. Additionally, lepidopteran stem-boring pests particularly the invasive Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar), are increasingly becoming problematic in Louisiana rice. Although insecticidal seed treatments have been widely adopted and have proven highly effective against weevils and stemborers, alternative management tactics are needed. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of flood timing and rice cultivar on rice water weevil and stemborer infestations. Field experiments were conducted in Crowley, Louisiana, from 2019–2020. In each year, early- and late-planted trials were established according to a split-split-plot randomized block design. Four commonly grown rice cultivars were selected and were either treated or not treated with a chlorantraniliprole seed treatment. Permanent flood was established at normal timing (approximately the five-leaf stage) or delayed by 2 weeks. Seed treatment reduced weevil densities and stemborer injury by 70–84% and 87–94%, respectively, across planting dates, years, cultivars, and flood timings. The rice cultivar ‘Jupiter' consistently supported the highest numbers of immature weevils, whereas low levels of stemborer injury were observed in ‘Jazzman-2'. Weevil densities were 72 and 20% lower in plots subjected to delayed flood compared to normal flood timing in the 2019 and 2020 late-planted trials, respectively. Reductions of 79 and 93% in stemborer injury in the 2019 early- and late-planted trials, respectively, were observed in delayed flooded plots. Weevil and stemborer infestations negatively affected rice yields, with losses among cultivars ranging from 14 to 49%. Yield losses were generally lower in plots subjected to delayed flood compared to normal flood timing but the difference was only significant in the 2020 late-planted trial. Our data suggest that the combination of cultivar resistance and delayed flooding can serve as a valuable component of an integrated pest management program for both rice water weevil and stemborers.
Fiber Rearrangement and Matrix Compression in Soft Tissues: Multiscale Hypoelasticity and Application to Tendon
Authors: Morin Claire , Hellmich Christian , Nejim Zeineb , Avril Stéphane
Published: October 2021

It is widely accepted that the nonlinear macroscopic mechanical behavior of soft tissue is governed by fiber straightening and re-orientation. Here, we provide a quantitative assessment of this phenomenon, by means of a continuum micromechanics approach. Given the negligibly small bending stiffness of crimped fibers, the latter are represented through a number of hypoelastic straight fiber phases with different orientations, being embedded into a hypoelastic matrix phase. The corresponding representative volume element (RVE) hosting these phases is subjected to “macroscopic” strain rates, which are downscaled to fiber and matrix strain rates on the one hand, and to fiber spins on the other hand. This gives quantitative access to the fiber decrimping (or straightening) phenomenon under non-affine conditions, i.e. in the case where the fiber orientations cannot be simply linked to the macroscopic strain state. In the case of tendinous tissue, such an RVE relates to the fascicle material with 50 μm characteristic length, made up of crimped collagen bundles and a gel-type matrix in-between. The fascicles themselves act as parallel fibers in a similar matrix at the scale of a tissue-related RVE with 500 μm characteristic length. As evidenced by a sensitivity analysis and confirmed by various mechanical tests, it is the initial crimping angle which drives both the degree of straightening and the shape of the macroscopic stress-strain curve, while the final linear portion of this curve depends almost exclusively on the collagen bundle elasticity. Our model also reveals the mechanical cooperation of the tissue’s key microstructural components: while the fibers carry tensile forces, the matrices undergo hydrostatic pressure.
3D Printed Integrated Multi-Layer Microfluidic Chips for Ultra-High Volumetric Throughput Nanoliposome Preparation
Authors: Shan Han , Lin Qibo , Wang Danfeng , Sun Xin , Quan Biao , Chen Xiang , Chen Zeyu
Published: October 2021

Although microfluidic approaches for liposomes preparation have been developed, fabricating microfluidic devices remains expensive and time-consuming. Also, owing to the traditional layout of microchannels, the volumetric throughput of microfluidics has been greatly limited. Herein an ultra-high volumetric throughput nanoliposome preparation method using 3D printed microfluidic chips is presented. A high-resolution projection micro stereolithography (PμSL) 3D printer is applied to produce microfluidic chips with critical dimensions of 400 µm. The microchannels of the microfluidic chip adopt a three-layer layout, achieving the total flow rate (TFR) up to 474 ml min−1, which is remarkably higher than those in the reported literature. The liposome size can be as small as 80 nm. The state of flows in microchannels and the effect of turbulence on liposome formation are explored. The experimental results demonstrate that the 3D printed integrated microfluidic chip enables ultra-high volumetric throughput nanoliposome preparation and can control size efficiently, which has great potential in targeting drug delivery systems.
Making Use of Comparable Health Data to Improve Quality of Care and Outcomes in Diabetes: The EUBIROD Review of Diabetes Registries and Data Sources in Europe
Authors: Carinci Fabrizio , Štotl Iztok , Cunningham Scott G. , Poljicanin Tamara , Pristas Ivan , Traynor Vivie , Olympios George , Scoutellas Vasos , Azzopardi Joseph , Doggen Kris , Sandor János , Adany Roza , Løvaas Karianne F. , Jarosz-Chobot Przemka , Polanska Joanna , Pruna Simion , de Lusignan Simon , Monesi Marcello , Di Bartolo Paolo , Scheidt-Nave Christa , Heidemann Christin , Zucker Inbar , Maurina Anita , Lepiksone Jana , Rossing Peter , Arffman Martti , Keskimäki Ilmo , Gudbjornsdottir Soffia , Di Iorio Concetta Tania , Dupont Elisabeth , de Sabata Stella , Klazinga Niek , Benedetti Massimo Massi
Published: October 2021

Background

Registries and data sources contain information that can be used on an ongoing basis to improve quality of care and outcomes of people with diabetes. As a specific task of the EU Bridge Health project, we carried out a survey of diabetes-related data sources in Europe.

Objectives

We aimed to report on the organization of different sources of diabetes information, including their governance, information infrastructure and dissemination strategies for quality control, service planning, public health, policy and research.

Methods

Survey using a structured questionnaire to collect targeted data from a network of collaborating institutions managing registries and data sources in 17 countries in the year 2017.

Results

The 18 data sources participating in the study were most frequently academic centres (44.4%), national (72.2%), targeting all types of diabetes (61.1%) covering no more than 10% of the target population (44.4%). Although population-based in over a quarter of cases (27.8%), sources relied predominantly on provider-based datasets (38.5%), fewer using administrative data (16.6%). Data collection was continuous in the majority of cases (61.1%), but 50% could not perform data linkage. Public reports were more frequent (72.2%) as well as quality reports (77.8%), but one third did not provide feedback to policy and only half published ten or more peer reviewed papers during the last 5 years.

Conclusions

The heterogeneous implementation of diabetes registries and data sources hampers the comparability of quality and outcomes across Europe. Best practices exist but need to be shared more effectively to accelerate progress and deliver equitable results for people with diabetes.
A Comprehensive Characterization of Monoallelic Expression During Hematopoiesis and Leukemogenesis via Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing
Authors: Fu Ruiqing , Qin Pengfei , Zou Xianghui , Hu Zhangli , Hong Ni , Wang Yun , Jin Wenfei
Published: October 2021

Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) is becoming a powerful tool to investigate monoallelic expression (MAE) in various developmental and pathological processes. However, our knowledge of MAE during hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis is limited. In this study, we conducted a systematic interrogation of MAEs in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) at single-cell resolution to construct a MAE atlas of BMMCs. We identified 1,020 constitutive MAEs in BMMCs, which included imprinted genes such asMEG8,NAP1L5, andIRAIN. We classified the BMMCs into six cell types and identified 74 cell type specific MAEs includingMTSS1,MOB1A, andTCF12. We further identified 114 random MAEs (rMAEs) at single-cell level, with 78.1% single-allele rMAE and 21.9% biallelic mosaic rMAE. Many MAEs identified in BMMCs have not been reported and are potentially hematopoietic specific, supporting MAEs are functional relevance. Comparison of BMMC samples from a leukemia patient with multiple clinical stages showed the fractions of constitutive MAE were correlated with fractions of leukemia cells in BMMCs. Further separation of the BMMCs into leukemia cells and normal cells showed that leukemia cells have much higher constitutive MAE and rMAEs than normal cells. We identified the leukemia cell-specific MAEs and relapsed leukemia cell-specific MAEs, which were enriched in immune-related functions. These results indicate MAE is prevalent and is an important gene regulation mechanism during hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. As the first systematical interrogation of constitutive MAEs, cell type specific MAEs, and rMAEs during hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis, the study significantly increased our knowledge about the features and functions of MAEs.
p130Cas/BCAR1 and p140Cap/SRCIN1 Adaptors: The Yin Yang in Breast Cancer?
Authors: Centonze Giorgia , Natalini Dora , Salemme Vincenzo , Costamagna Andrea , Cabodi Sara , Defilippi Paola
Published: October 2021

p130Cas/BCAR1 is an adaptor protein devoid of any enzymatic or transcriptional activity, whose modular structure with various binding motifs, allows the formation of multi-protein signaling complexes. This results in the induction and/or maintenance of signaling pathways with pleiotropic effects on cell motility, cell adhesion, cytoskeleton remodeling, invasion, survival, and proliferation. Deregulation of p130Cas/BCAR1 adaptor protein has been extensively demonstrated in a variety of human cancers in which overexpression of p130Cas/BCAR1 correlates with increased malignancy. p140Cap (p130Cas associated protein), encoded by the SRCIN1 gene, has been discovered by affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis of putative interactors of p130Cas. It came out that p140Cap associates with p130Cas not directly but through its interaction with the Src Kinase. p140Cap is highly expressed in neurons and to a lesser extent in epithelial tissues such as the mammary gland. Strikingly, in vivo and in vitro analysis identified its tumor suppressive role in breast cancer and in neuroblastoma, showing an inverse correlation between p140Cap expression in tumors and tumor progression. In this review, a synopsis of 15 years of research on the role of p130Cas/BCAR1 and p140Cap/SRCIN1 in breast cancer will be presented.
A Developmental Role of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator in Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease Pathogenesis
Authors: Huang Elena N. , Quach Henry , Lee Jin-A , Dierolf Joshua , Moraes Theo J. , Wong Amy P.
Published: October 2021

The cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein is a cAMP-activated anion channel that is critical for regulating fluid and ion transport across the epithelium. This process is disrupted in CF epithelia, and patients harbouring CF-causing mutations experience reduced lung function as a result, associated with the increased rate of mortality. Much progress has been made in CF research leading to treatments that improve CFTR function, including small molecule modulators. However, clinical outcomes are not necessarily mutation-specific as individuals harboring the same genetic mutation may present with varying disease manifestations and responses to therapy. This suggests that the CFTR protein may have alternative functions that remain under-appreciated and yet can impact disease. In this mini review, we highlight some notable research implicating an important role of CFTR protein during early lung development and how mutant CFTR proteins may impact CF airway disease pathogenesis. We also discuss recent novel cell and animal models that can now be used to identify a developmental cause of CF lung disease.
DNA Damage Repair Deficiency in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Preclinical Models and Clinical Perspectives
Authors: Stoof Jojanneke , Harrold Emily , Mariottino Sarah , Lowery Maeve A. , Walsh Naomi
Published: October 2021

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide, and survival rates have barely improved in decades. In the era of precision medicine, treatment strategies tailored to disease mutations have revolutionized cancer therapy. Next generation sequencing has found that up to a third of all PDAC tumors contain deleterious mutations in DNA damage repair (DDR) genes, highlighting the importance of these genes in PDAC. The mechanisms by which DDR gene mutations promote tumorigenesis, therapeutic response, and subsequent resistance are still not fully understood. Therefore, an opportunity exists to elucidate these processes and to uncover relevant therapeutic drug combinations and strategies to target DDR deficiency in PDAC. However, a constraint to preclinical research is due to limitations in appropriate laboratory experimental models. Models that effectively recapitulate their original cancer tend to provide high levels of predictivity and effective translation of preclinical findings to the clinic. In this review, we outline the occurrence and role of DDR deficiency in PDAC and provide an overview of clinical trials that target these pathways and the preclinical models such as 2D cell lines, 3D organoids and mouse models [genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM), and patient-derived xenograft (PDX)] used in PDAC DDR deficiency research.
Mitochondrial Carrier Homolog 2 Functionally Co-operates With BH3 Interacting-Domain Death Agonist in Promoting Ca2+-Induced Neuronal Injury
Authors: D’Orsi Beatrice , Niewidok Natalia , Düssmann Heiko , Prehn Jochen H. M.
Published: October 2021

The BH3 interacting-domain death agonist (BID) is a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 protein family. While proteolytic processing of BID links death receptor-induced apoptosis to the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, we previously showed that full length BID also translocates to mitochondria during Ca2+-induced neuronal cell death. Moreover, mitochondrial carrier homolog 2 (MTCH2) was identified as a mitochondrial protein that interacts with BID during cell death. We started our studies by investigating the effect of Mtch2 silencing in a well-established model of Ca2+-induced mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening in non-neuronal HCT116 cells. We found that silencing of Mtch2 inhibited mitochondrial swelling and the associated decrease in mitochondrial energetics, suggesting a pro-death function for MTCH2 during Ca2+-induced injury. Next, we explored the role of BID and MTCH2 in mediating Ca2+-induced injury in primary cortical neurons triggered by prolonged activation of NMDA glutamate receptors. Analysis of intracellular Ca2+ transients, using time-lapse confocal microscopy, revealed that neurons lacking Bid showed markedly reduced Ca2+ levels during the NMDA excitation period. These Ca2+ transients were further decreased when Mtch2 was also silenced. Collectively, our data suggest that BID and MTCH2 functionally interact to promote Ca2+-induced neuronal injury.
Mast Cells as Important Regulators in Autoimmunity and Cancer Development
Authors: Noto Christine N. , Hoft Stella G. , DiPaolo Richard J.
Published: October 2021

Mast cells are an essential part of the immune system and are best known as important modulators of allergic and anaphylactic immune responses. Upon activation, mast cells release a multitude of inflammatory mediators with various effector functions that can be both protective and damage-inducing. Mast cells can have an anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory immunological effect and play important roles in regulating autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. Importantly, chronic inflammation and autoimmunity are linked to the development of specific cancers including pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, and gastric cancer. Inflammatory mediators released from activated mast cells regulate immune responses and promote vascular permeability and the recruitment of immune cells to the site of inflammation. Mast cells are present in increased numbers in tissues affected by autoimmune diseases as well as in tumor microenvironments where they co-localize with T regulatory cells and T effector cells. Mast cells can regulate immune responses by expressing immune checkpoint molecules on their surface, releasing anti-inflammatory cytokines, and promoting vascularization of solid tumor sites. As a result of these immune modulating activities, mast cells have disease-modifying roles in specific autoimmune diseases and cancers. Therefore, determining how to regulate the activities of mast cells in different inflammatory and tumor microenvironments may be critical to discovering potential therapeutic targets to treat autoimmune diseases and cancer.
Characterization of Long Non-coding RNAs Modified by m6A RNA Methylation in Skeletal Myogenesis
Authors: Xie Shu-Juan , Tao Shuang , Diao Li-Ting , Li Pan-Long , Chen Wei-Cai , Zhou Zhi-Gang , Hu Yan-Xia , Hou Ya-Rui , Lei Hang , Xu Wan-Yi , Chen Wen-Jie , Peng Yan-Wen , Zhang Qi , Xiao Zhen-Dong
Published: October 2021

Proper development of mammalian skeletal muscle relies on precise gene expression regulation. Our previous studies revealed that muscle development is regulated by both mRNA and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays important roles in various biological processes, making it essential to profile m6A modification on a transcriptome-wide scale in developing muscle. Patterns of m6A methylation in lncRNAs in developing muscle have not been uncovered. Here, we reveal differentially expressed lncRNAs and report temporal m6A methylation patterns in lncRNAs expressed in mouse myoblasts and myotubes by RNA-seq and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP) sequencing. Many lncRNAs exhibit temporal differential expression, and m6A-lncRNAs harbor the consensus m6A motif “DRACH” along lncRNA transcripts. Interestingly, we found that m6A methylation levels of lncRNAs are positively correlated with the transcript abundance of lncRNAs. Overexpression or knockdown of m6A methyltransferase METTL3 alters the expression levels of these lncRNAs. Furthermore, we highlight that the function of m6A genic lncRNAs might correlate to their nearby mRNAs. Our work reveals a fundamental expression reference of m6A-mediated epitranscriptomic modifications in lncRNAs that are temporally expressed in developing muscle.