bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In‐situ synthesis of magnetic Ce‐BDC@Fe3O4 metal–organic frameworks and their multiple enzyme‐mimicking catalysis
Authors: Zhang Pingping , Ding Zongqing , Liu Xinyu , Chen Yun , Zeng Xinran , Tang Chuanqiu
Published: May 2022

In this work, we used nano‐magnetic fluid to magnetize Ce‐BDC metal–organic framework (MOF) (BDC = 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylic acid) by using Fe3O4‐based nano‐magnetic fluid grown in situ around a Ce‐BDC core. The obtained Ce‐BDC@Fe3O4 nanohybrid are mixed‐valence MOFs, which could directly oxidize 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) into oxTMB without the presence for H2O2. Significantly, the coupling of both Fe3O4 nano‐magnetic fluid and Ce‐BDC MOF exhibits 0.25‐fold higher catalytic activity than Ce‐BDC MOF under the same conditions, indicating that the synergistic enhancement occurred in the catalytic activity. This boost is benefited from the more superoxide radicals (O2•−) and then more hydroxyl radica (•OH) with the deposition of Fe3O4 nano‐magnetic fluid, which was generated by Ce‐BDC@Fe3O4 nanohybrid as both oxidase and peroxidase mimics. In view of high catalytic activity and easy recovery by applying an external magnet, a novel, simple and sensitive Vitamin C colorimetric detection could come true in the wide range (0–120 μM) with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.995.
Self‐tuning regulator adaptive controller design for DC‐DC boost converter with a novel robust improved identification method
Authors: Mollaee Hasan , Ghamari Seyyed Morteza , Khavari Fatemeh
Published: May 2022

The design of a self‐tuning regulator adaptive controller is presented for Boost converter using Pulse Width Modulation, which has been improved in dynamic with a novel Robust Improved Exponential Regressive Least Square identification scheme. Regarding the negative influences of harmful disturbances on the converters, the Minimum Degree Pole Placement technique is designed using an adaptive mechanism with an online identification technique, which is simple in structure and can provide more accurate parametric estimation and better efficiency in challenging situations, particularly against noise. Based on the right half‐plane zero structure of the Boost converter, the open‐loop system is called a non‐minimum phase system which creates some challenging constraints for the controller design. The primary objective of designing a feedback loop controller is to ensure the stability of the system and appropriate regulation within a pre‐determined range of operating conditions. This controller considers the system as a black‐box structure; thus, the mathematical model of the system is not needed. This benefit can decrease the computational burden, and provides faster dynamics along with ease of implementation. Finally, the strength of this control strategy is tested by experimental and simulation results in different conditions.
Frequency control of the islanded microgrid based on optimised model predictive control by PSO
Authors: Dashtdar Masoud , Flah Aymen , El‐Bayeh Claude Ziad , Tostado‐Véliz Marcos , Al Durra Ahmed , Abdel Aleem Shady H.E. , Ali Ziad M.
Published: May 2022

In this paper, the amount of microgrid frequency deviation in the dynamic state can be reduced by improving the frequency controller and implementing a new method. The proposed controller is designed for a microgrid including renewable resources, and the proposed control strategy is such that the controller coefficients are adjusted and optimised at all times by the model predictive control (MPC). The weight parameters of the MPC controller have been optimised by the particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm. The proposed controller is located in the secondary frequency control loop, and by applying a control signal to the sources, the frequency perturbations following the power changes in the microgrid are reduced. The simulation results show that the proposed controller performs better than the Ziegler–Nichols PI controller (PI‐ZN) method, PI‐based controllers that rely on fuzzy logic (PI‐Fuzzy), the fractional‐order proportional‐integral‐derivative (FOPID) controller that is based on chaos particle swarm optimisation (FOPID‐CPSO) algorithm and the PID controllers based on CPSO algorithm (PID‐CPSO). It has been able to effectively reduce the frequency fluctuations in terms of amplitude and number of oscillations is also more resistant to the uncertainty of microgrid parameters and shows better performance when changing parameters than other methods.
Adaptive feature extraction and fine‐grained modulation recognition of multi‐function radar under small sample conditions
Authors: Zhai Qihang , Li Yan , Zhang Zilin , Li Yunjie , Wang Shafei
Published: May 2022

Multi‐function radars (MFRs) are sophisticated sensors with fine‐grained modes, which modify their modulation types and parameters range generating various signals to fulfil different tasks, such as surveillance and tracking. In electromagnetic reconnaissance, recognition of MFR fine‐grained modes can provide a basis for analysing strategies and reaction. With the limit of real applications, it is hard to obtain a large number of labelled samples for existing methods to learn the difference between categories. Therefore, it is essential to develop new methods to extract general knowledge of MFRs and identify modes with only a few samples. This paper proposes a few‐shot learning (FSL) framework based on efficient neural architecture search (ENAS) with high robustness and portability, which designs a suitable network structure automated and quickly adapts to new environments. The experimental results show that the proposed method can still achieve excellent fine‐grained modulation recognition performance (92.6%) under the condition of ‐6 dB signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), even when each class only provides one fixed‐duration signal sample. The robustness is also verified under different conditions.
Chemical evolution of ytterbium in the Galactic disk
Authors: Montelius M. , Forsberg R. , Ryde N. , Jönsson H. , Afşar M. , Johansen A. , Kaplan K. F. , Kim H. , Mace G. , Sneden C. , Thorsbro B.
Published: May 2022

Context. Measuring the abundances of neutron-capture elements in Galactic disk stars is an important part of understanding key stellar and galactic processes. In the optical wavelength regime a number of different neutron-capture elements have been measured; however, only the s-process-dominated element cerium has been accurately measured for a large sample of disk stars from the infrared H band. The more r-process dominated element ytterbium has only been measured in a small subset of stars so far.

Aims. In this study we aim to measure the ytterbium (Yb) abundance of local disk giants using the Yb II line at λair = 16 498 Å. We also compare the resulting abundance trend with cerium and europium abundances for the same stars to analyse the s- and r-process contributions.

Methods. We analyse 30 K giants with high-resolution H band spectra using spectral synthesis. The very same stars have already been analysed using high-resolution optical spectra via the same method, but it was not possible to determine the abundance of Yb from those spectra due to blending issues for stars with [Fe/H] > −1. In the present analysis, we utilise the stellar parameters determined from the optical analysis.

Results. We determined the Yb abundances with an estimated uncertainty for [Yb/Fe] of 0.1 dex. By comparison, we found that the [Yb/Fe] trend closely follows the [Eu/Fe] trend and has clear s-process enrichment in identified s-rich stars. This comparison confirms both that the validity of the Yb abundances is ensured and that the theoretical prediction that the s-/r-process contribution to the origin of Yb of roughly 40/60 is supported.

Conclusions. These results show that, with a careful and detailed analysis of infrared spectra, reliable Yb abundances can be derived for a wider sample of cooler giants in the range −1.1 < [Fe/H] < 0.3. This is promising for further studies of the production of Yb and for the r-process channel, key for galactochemical evolution, in the infrared.
Allergien beim Pferd – (k)ein hoffnungsloser Fall?!
Authors: Bitsch Manuela
Published: May 2022

Für mich hat Allergostop die Behandlung von Allergien beim Pferd deutlich vereinfacht. Es gibt einige Punkte, die beachtet werden müssen, aber mit deren Kenntnis und der Compliance des
Besitzers haben die meisten Fälle wirklich gute Chancen. Zur Wirksamkeit von Allergostop bei der Behandlung von Headshaking liegen noch zu wenig Erfahrungswerte vor. Hier besteht noch Bedarf
an weiterführenden Untersuchungen oder einer Studie.

Aktuell wird in der Schweiz gerade eine Vakzine erarbeitet. Das Gebiet der Allergie wird also weiterhin spannend bleiben.
Equines Asthma – immer ein primäres Lungenproblem?
Authors: Tratsis Imke
Published: May 2022

Bei Lungenerkrankungen jeglicher Art sollte man sich nicht nur auf das Organ selbst konzentrieren. Die Zungen-Puls-Diagnostik wie auch die Beurteilung des äußeren Erscheinungsbilds und des
Charakters nach Maßgabe der TCVM kann helfen, die eigentliche Wurzel der Erkrankung freizulegen und die weitere Behandlung dementsprechend neu auszurichten. Dabei kam der Akupunktur nach der
Balance-Methode im besprochenen Fallbeispiel dabei eine tragende Rolle zu.
Severe Fetal CAKUT (Congenital Anomalies of the Kidneys and Urinary Tract), Prenatal Consultations, and Initiation of Neonatal Dialysis
Authors: Sanderson Keia R. , Shih Weiwen V. , Warady Bradley A. , Claes Donna J.
Published: May 2022

Introduction Pediatric nephrology prenatal consultations for congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) and criteria for kidney replacement therapy initiation in neonatal end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) are not well described. We evaluated pediatric nephrology approaches to prenatal CAKUT counseling and neonatal dialysis initiation.

Methods A 35-question Qualtrics survey was distributed via the North American Pediatric Renal Trials and Collaborative Studies email list between January and March 2021. Thirty-nine pediatric nephrology centers completed the survey.

Results All but one responding center (n = 38) provide prenatal CAKUT consultations and neonatal dialysis, with wide variability in reported multispecialty involvement. Nearly half (47%) of centers utilize written/unwritten criteria for offering neonatal dialysis. The most common contraindications to neonatal dialysis were parental refusal (61%), contraindication to access placement by surgeons (55%), and birth weight (BW) contraindication (55%, with < 1,500 g being the most common BW contraindication). Overall, 79% of centers reported caring for < 5 neonates with ESKD in the past year, 61% use hemodialysis therapies prior to peritoneal dialysis in neonates requiring dialysis, and 100% transition to peritoneal dialysis by hospital discharge.

Conclusion Many pediatric nephrology programs provide prenatal CAKUT consultations and neonatal dialysis, but with variability in practice approach. Further multicenter research regarding prenatal consultations and neonatal dialysis outcomes is necessary to further improve care delivery to this population.
Altered Circulating Leptin, hGH, and IGF-I in Prediabetes and
Screening-Diagnosed T2DM Unrelated to Metabolic Syndrome in Women Post
Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Kern-Matschilles Stefanie , Gar Christina , Schilbach Katharina , Haschka Stefanie Julia , Rauch Barbara , Then Cornelia , Seissler Jochen , Bidlingmaier Martin , Lechner Andreas
Published: May 2022

Recently, we proposed two pathophysiologic subtypes of type 2 diabetes mellitus
(T2DM), one related and one unrelated to metabolic syndrome. To begin to
understand the pathophysiology of the subtype unrelated to metabolic syndrome,
we now measured selected hormones and signaling molecules in affected
individuals. In this cross-sectional analysis, we examined 138 women out of the
monocenter, post gestational diabetes study PPSDiab. Of these women, 73 had
prediabetes or screening-diagnosed T2DM, 40 related to metabolic syndrome and 33
unrelated. The remaining 65 women were normoglycemic controls. Our analysis
included medical history, anthropometrics, oral glucose tolerance testing,
laboratory chemistry, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. In addition, plasma
proinsulin/insulin ratio, growth hormone (hGH) nadir during oral glucose
tolerance testing, Insulin-like Growth Factor I (IGF-I), Leptin, Resistin,
Adiponectin, Fetuin-a, FGF21, and myostatin were measured. Compared to controls,
women with prediabetes or screening-diagnosed T2DM unrelated to metabolic
syndrome depicted higher plasma Leptin [10.47(6.6–14.57) vs.
5.52(3.15–10.02); p<0.0001] and IGF-I
[193.01(171.00–213.30) vs. 167.97(138.77–200.64);
p=0.0008], as well as a lower hGH nadir [0.07(0.05–0.15) vs.
0.14(0.08–0.22; p<0.0001]. These differences were independent of
body adiposity. Women with prediabetes or T2DM related to metabolic syndrome, in
comparison to controls, displayed elevated Leptin, Fetuin-a, and FGF21, as well
as reduced Adiponectin and hGH nadir. Based on our study, altered Leptin and
hGH/IGF-I signaling could potentially contribute to the pathophysiology
of prediabetes and T2DM unrelated to metabolic syndrome. Further mechanistic
investigations of these signaling pathways in the context of lean T2DM are
necessary to test causal relationships.
Telescoped Continuous Flow Synthesis of 2-Substituted 1,4-Benzoquinones via Oxidative Dearomatisation of para-Substituted Phenols Using Singlet Oxygen in Supercritical CO2
Authors: George Michael W. , Abreu Bruna L. , Boufroura Hamza , Moore Jonathan C. , Poliakoff Martyn
Published: May 2022

This paper describes a continuous multi-step synthesis in supercritical CO2. A continuous flow synthesis of 2-substituted 1,4-benzoquinones is reported, and details of the high-pressure reactors are given. This proceeds via the telescoped dearomatisation of p-substituted phenols using singlet oxygen in supercritical CO2 and an acid-mediated C–C migration. The process has a short residence time of 30 minutes, with overall yields and projected productivities of up to 83% and 9 g/day, respectively. This methodology enables a safe and efficient synthesis of 2-substituted 1,4-benzoquinones from photo-generated singlet oxygen, and cheap and readily available p-substituted phenols. The procedure has high atom efficiency, low photocatalyst loading, and substitutes potentially hazardous and corrosive reagents and solvents for molecular oxygen, CO2, and the less hazardous solid-supported acid Amberlyst-15.
The Past, Present, and Future of Tele-EEG
Authors: Murphey Dona Kim , Anderson Eric R.
Published: May 2022

Tele-electroencephalogram (EEG) has become more pervasive over the last 20 years due to advances in technology, both independent of and driven by personnel shortages. The professionalization of EEG services has both limited growth and controlled the quality of tele-EEG. Growing data on the conditions that benefit from brain monitoring have informed increased critical care EEG and ambulatory EEG utilization. Guidelines that marshal responsible use of still-limited resources and changes in broadband and billing practices have also shaped the tele-EEG landscape. It is helpful to characterize the drivers of tele-EEG to navigate barriers to sustainable growth and to build dynamic systems that anticipate challenges in any of the domains that expand access and enhance quality of these diagnostic services. We explore the historical factors and current trends in tele-EEG in the United States in this review.
Perception of Faculty toward Challenges in Teaching and the Role of Medical Education Workshops in Addressing Them: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh , Manivasakan Shivasakthy , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh , Somu Lavakumar
Published: May 2022

Background A medical teacher has a very complex job profile, wherein they are expected to train a cohort of newly joined medical aspirants to competent health care professionals. The current study was conducted to identify the challenges faced by the faculty members in medical teaching and to assess the perception of teachers on the role of medical education workshops in addressing these challenges.

Methods It was a Mixed Methods study conducted over a period of 9 months from January to September 2021 in a tertiary teaching medical college and hospital of Chengalpet District of Tamil Nadu amongst the faculty members of the teaching medical college and hospital. In the first phase, universal sampling method was employed, wherein all faculty members were asked to fill the online semi-structured questionnaire. In the second phase, purposive sampling was employed, wherein all teachers who have a minimum teaching experience of 3 years and have attended any medical education workshop were included and interviewed using a focus group discussion guide. The quantitative date was analyzed using descriptive statistics, while the qualitative data was analyzed using manual content analysis.

Results In the quantitative phase, 149 faculty members filled the online questionnaire, of which majority were females (52.3%) and were from the clinical departments (63.1%). The manual thematic content analysis of the FGD resulted in the identification of two themes (challenges and utility of workshops). The challenges theme consisted of three categories of Faculty, Students, and Administration, while Utility of workshops theme included two categories of refinement of skills, and suggestions for future

Conclusion In conclusion, lack of teamwork in the department, multiple responsibilities assigned to a single person, and shortage of clinical material during COVID-19 were identified as the main challenges in teaching–learning. The medical education workshops play a significant role in improving the knowledge of various domains of teaching and assessment, introduction of innovations, and ensure better performance of the faculty members.
Gestational Age at Delivery and Neonatal Outcomes among Infants with Gastroschisis in the Children's Hospitals Neonatal Consortium (CHNC)
Authors: Riddle Stefanie , Acharya Krishna , Agarwal Nidhi , Ahmad Irfan , Bendel-Stenzel Ellen , Shepherd Jennifer , Williams Sadie , Zaniletti Isabella , Jacobson Elizabeth ,   the Children's Hospitals Neonatal Consortium's Gastroschisis Focus Group
Published: May 2022

Objective The effect of gestational age (GA) on gastroschisis outcomes is unclear and delivery timing varies in practice. We aimed to correlate clinical outcomes of infants with gastroschisis and GA at delivery in the Children's Hospitals Neonatal Consortium (CHNC).

Study Design This was a retrospective multicenter cohort study of infants with gastroschisis admitted to CHNC neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) from 2010 to 2016. Patients were categorized by GA: 32 to 346/7, 35 to 366/7, and ≥37 weeks. Respiratory and feeding interventions, mortality, length of stay, and common complications were compared.

Results In 2021 for patients with gastroschisis, median GA at delivery was 36.3 weeks (interquartile range [IQR] 35.1, 37.3) and mean birth weight 2,425 g (IQR 2,100, 2,766). Overall mortality was low and there was no difference across GA groups. Infants <35 weeks' gestation had the greatest need for respiratory and feeding interventions. Complications such as medical necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), cholestasis, and central line-associated blood stream infection were less common in infants ≥37 weeks. Feeding initiation and full feeds were earliest in term infants, compared with infants between 35 and 366/7 weeks, and longest in infants <35 weeks. Prematurity had a significant negative association with breast milk exposure. Enteral feeding tube support at discharge increased with prematurity. Compared with term, infants born between 35 and 366/7 weeks' gestation had a higher incidence of medical NEC and lower exposure to mother's milk at discharge but the need for respiratory interventions or tube feeding at discharge was similar.

Conclusion Premature infants with gastroschisis had more neonatal complications including respiratory interventions, longer NICU stay, longer time to full enteral feeds, and higher need for tube feeds at discharge as compared with those delivered at term. Differences were greatest for those <35 weeks GA. While overall mortality remains low, these results provide additional information about GA at birth in gastroschisis, with no evidence of benefit from preterm delivery.

Key Points
Prescription Pattern of Antibiotics among General Dental Practitioners in Karnataka—A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Jenny Anisha , Nagar Priya , Raghunath Vatsala N. , Lakhotia Richa , K. Fathimath Nihala , Ninawe Nupur
Published: May 2022

Introduction There is a lack of clear guidelines for the use of antibiotics and analgesics in medically healthy patients as well as endodontic pain management strategies. Diseases of the dental pulp and periapical tissue are mainly caused by microorganisms; however, not all cases of dental infections require the administration of systemic antibiotics. The purpose of the present survey was to evaluate the prescription pattern of antibiotics among general practitioners and specialists practicing in Karnataka.

Methods This descriptive cross-sectional survey was based on a structured questionnaire in Google Form with 17 questions, including the demographic characteristics and the knowledge and practice of the dentists on the antibiotic prescription. Completed questionnaires were analyzed using the SPSS software to determine relationships between factors affecting the prescription patterns and educational qualification.

Results Of the 200 participants surveyed, 169 (84.9%) felt that the overuse of antibiotics can lead to resistance of bacteria. Amoxicillin 500 mg was the most prescribed antibiotic (97%) and cephalexin by only 3% of the participants. Majority of the dentists prescribed antibiotics on a weekly basis (51.8%) during their practice and the preferred duration was for 5 days (62.8%).

Conclusion The results of the present study indicated a lack of knowledge and uncertain diagnosis on prescribing antibiotics leading to overprescription and further antibiotic resistance. The majority of the dentist feels there is an overuse of antibiotics, but at the same time prescribes it on a daily basis.
Every snowflake is unique—and so are their wakes
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: May 2022

Numerical simulations and particle tracking experiments agree on wake conditions for steadily falling snowflakes, but diverge under unsteady falling conditions
The L∞-deformations of associative Rota–Baxter algebras and homotopy Rota–Baxter operators
Authors: Das Apurba , Mishra Satyendra Kumar
Published: May 2022

A relative Rota–Baxter algebra is a triple (A, M, T) consisting of an algebra A, an A-bimodule M, and a relative Rota–Baxter operator T. Using Voronov’s derived bracket and a recent work of Lazarev, Sheng, and Tang, we construct an L∞[1]-algebra whose Maurer–Cartan elements are precisely relative Rota–Baxter algebras. By a standard twisting, we define a new L∞[1]-algebra that controls Maurer–Cartan deformations of a relative Rota–Baxter algebra (A, M, T). We introduce the cohomology of a relative Rota–Baxter algebra (A, M, T) and study infinitesimal deformations in terms of this cohomology (in low dimensions). As an application, we deduce cohomology of triangular skew-symmetric infinitesimal bialgebras and discuss their infinitesimal deformations. Finally, we define homotopy relative Rota–Baxter operators and find their relationship with homotopy dendriform algebras and homotopy pre-Lie algebras.
A near-ambient pressure flow reactor coupled with polarization-modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy for operando studies of heterogeneous catalytic reactions over model catalysts
Authors: Chai Peng , Jin Yuekang , Sun Guanghui , Ding Liangbing , Wu Longxia , Wang Haocheng , Fu Cong , Wu Zongfang , Huang Weixin
Published: May 2022

The model catalyst approach is often used for fundamental investigations of complex heterogeneous catalysis, in which operando characterizations are critical. A flow reactor is usually adopted for gas–solid heterogeneous catalytic reactions. Herein, we report a home-designed near-ambient pressure (NAP) flow reactor coupled with polarization-modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRAS) and an online quadrupole mass spectrometer for operando studies of heterogeneous catalytic reactions over model catalysts. A unique gas supply system is designed and manufactured to enable a stable gas inlet to the NAP flow reactor at pressures up to ∼100 mbar. An ultrahigh vacuum chamber equipped with the facilities for x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, low-energy electron diffraction, thermal desorption spectroscopy, E-beam evaporation source, and ion sputtering gun is connected to the NAP flow reactor via a gate valve for preparations and routine characterizations of model catalysts. The functions of the system are demonstrated by in situ PM-IRAS characterization of CO adsorption on Pt(111) and operando characterizations of CO oxidation on Pt(111) under NAP conditions.
An ultrahigh sensitivity three-dimensional electric-field sensor with barium titanate crystal waveguides
Authors: Luo Mengxi , Sun DeGui , Jin Guangyong
Published: May 2022

The high-speed development and applications of modern automation production, high-capacity high-speed telecommunications, and aerospace are promoting the detection and sensing of various electric fields. In this article, we investigate a three-dimensional high-frequency electric-field sensor with a barium titanate (BaTiO3) crystal film waveguide due to an extremely high electrooptic (EO) coefficient, r51 = r42. First, the dependences of the lowest electric field, namely, the sensitivity of the sensor to the electric field and the most sensitive direction, are modeled through the nonlinear EO modulation equation of the EO coefficient, r51, and birefringence, beo, with an embedded waveguide/electrode regime. Then, for the given r51/beo values, broad dependences of device sensitivities are numerically simulated with a broad design of electrodes. Thus, as a result, for a given BaTiO3 crystal thin-film having an EO coefficient value of r51 = ≥500 pm/V and an absolute beo value of ≤0.01, the lowest electric field of tens of kilovolt/m level and the electric-field direction could also be detected with a sensing length of millimeters. Meanwhile, the frequency dependence of a scattering parameter of the microwave sensor antenna, S11, is simulated and the frequency point of 2.15 GHz for the highest gain antenna is found.
A garnet-structured (Y, Ca)3(Al, Mg)2(Al, Si)3O12:Ce3+ phosphor-in-glass engineering for use in high color rendering white LEDs
Authors: Tu Huan , Zhao Guoying , Hou Jingshan , Liu Yufeng , Zhou Yan , Zhang Ganghua , Sun Hong-Tao , Li Ji-Guang , Fang Yongzheng
Published: May 2022

White light emitting diodes (LEDs) suffer from two most common drawbacks: the deficiency of the red component and the poor thermal stability of silicone. Ce3+-doped garnet phosphors with tailor-made luminescence properties can be achieved by variations in {A}, {B}, and {C} cation sites. Herein, a simultaneous ion co-substitution design strategy has been adopted to synthesize a series of (Y, Ca)3(Al, Mg)2(Al, Si)3O12 garnet phosphors and corresponding phosphor-in-glass (PiG) films. The co-substitution is finely restricted to the assigned sites. The emission peak is shifted from 529 to 565 nm, which is beneficial to obtain low color temperatures and high color rendering using a single phosphor for white LEDs. By employing the as-synthesized phosphor, the corresponding PiG films were fabricated by the low temperature co-sintering technology using the SiO2–B2O3–ZnO–Na2O glass system characterized with excellent thermal stability and moisture resistance. The morphological and elemental analyses demonstrated that the as-made phosphor powders were uniformly distributed in the glass host without any interfacial reactions. Finally, modular white LEDs with a high color rendering (Ra = 82.7) is achieved through the as-synthesized PiG film on an InGaN blue chip. This study may open up a facile approach to obtain high quality luminescence based on the mono-luminescence center, avoiding excitation energy wastage and low quantum efficiency aroused by multi-luminescence centers or color compensation phosphors in glass.
Toward detecting atherosclerosis using dynamic laser speckle contrast imaging: A numerical study
Authors: van As K. , Dellevoet S. F. L. J. , Boterman J. , Kleijn C. R. , Bhattacharya N. , Kenjeres S.
Published: May 2022

The disease atherosclerosis causes stenosis inside the patient’s arteries, which often eventually turns lethal. Our goal is to detect a stenosis in a non-invasive manner, preferably in an early stage. To that end, we study whether and how laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) can be deployed. We start out by using computational fluid dynamics on a patient-specific stenosed carotid artery to reveal the flow profile in the region surrounding the stenosis, which compares well with particle image velocimetry experiments. We then use our own fully interferometric dynamic light scattering routines to simulate the process of LSCI of the carotid artery. Our approach offers an advantage over the established Monte Carlo techniques because they cannot incorporate dynamics. From the simulated speckle images, we extract a speckle contrast time series at different sites inside the artery, of which we then compute the frequency spectrum. We observe an increase in speckle boiling in sites where the flow profile is more complex, e.g., containing regions of backflow. In the region surrounding the stenosis, the measured speckle contrast is considerably lower due to the higher local velocity, and the frequency signature becomes notably different with prominent higher-order frequency modes that were absent in the other sites. Although future work is still required to make our new approach more quantitative and more applicable in practice, we have provided a first insight into how a stenosis might be detected in vivo using LSCI.
Observation and analysis of stimulated Raman scattering derived from saturated aqueous solutions of inorganic salts
Authors: Luo Ningning , Yang Zuhao , Li Shujing , Xu Jinjun , He Xingdao , Shi Jiulin
Published: May 2022

Frequency conversion based on stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) is an effective and appealing method for generating new laser wavelengths. We report the generation of SRS derived from NO3−, SO42−, and CO32− stretching vibrations in three kinds of saturated aqueous solutions of inorganic salts (NaNO3, MgSO4, and K2CO3), pumped by a 532 nm frequency-doubled Nd: YAG laser. The maximal conversion efficiencies of SRS in three kinds of saturated aqueous solutions were measured, which correspond to ∼11%, 7%, and 5.5%, respectively. The 1st–3rd Stokes Raman and total conversion efficiencies were calculated using Raman coupled equations. Also, we analyze and discuss the affecting factors on the conversion efficiency of Stokes Raman. This work will be significant for future applications of SRS in obtaining new laser wavelengths in solutions.
Temperature dependence of tunnel magnetoresistance in serial magnetic tunnel junctions
Authors: Zhao Dongyan , Wang Yubo , Shao Jin , Chen Yanning , Fu Zhen , Xia Qingtao , Wang Shuaipeng , Li Xiuwei , Dong Guangzhi , Zhou Min , Zhu Dapeng
Published: May 2022

Magnetic tunnel junctions have been widely used in various applications, such as magnetic sensors and magnetic random-access memories. In the practical application of MTJs, they are usually used in series toward high sensitivity and high stability, especially for sensor applications. In this paper, serial MTJs devices on 8 in. wafers were fabricated. The temperature dependence of the tunnel magnetoresistance ratio, resistances in parallel and antiparallel configurations, and dynamic conductance were systematically investigated. The results of serial MTJs devices are consistent with a single MTJ device. This research suggests that serial MTJs can be directly used to investigate the magnetic tunneling properties of MTJ stacks.
Flow in fuel nozzles under cavitation and flash-boiling conditions
Authors: Xu Huashi , Wang Tianyou , Che Zhizhao
Published: May 2022

Cavitation plays a crucial role in various fuel systems and spray applications. Due to the limitation in experimentally measuring the cavitation flow in fuel nozzles, numerical simulations can be used as an alternative in exploring the underlying physics. Most of the previous simulations of cavitation flow in nozzles were carried out under isothermal conditions, which become invalid when the thermal effect is strong. In this study, we use OpenFOAM and a modified cavitation model to investigate the influence of thermal effect on fuel nozzle flow characteristics under cavitation and flash boiling conditions. The comparison with experimental data shows that the modified cavitation model can predict well the cavitation flow in nozzles. Vaporization caused by cavitation at the nozzle throat and vaporization caused by the flash boiling near the outlet are simulated under different conditions. Phenomena such as mass flow reduction, outlet velocity blockage, and the transition from cavitation flow to flash boiling flow are well predicted. Further results show that with the increase in the inlet fuel temperature, the cavitation at the throat and flash boiling at the outlet occur gradually and then mix under high-temperature conditions. With the decrease in the ambient pressure, the flow in the nozzle gradually transits from single-phase flow to cavitation flow and then to flash-boiling flow. Increasing the injection pressure can inhibit the generation and the growth of superheated vapor near the nozzle outlet.
Perspective of the electron–phonon interaction on the electrical transport in thermoelectric/electronic materials
Authors: Xi Jinyang , Zhu Zhenyu , Xi Lili , Yang Jiong
Published: May 2022

Electron–phonon interaction (EPI) is ubiquitous in condensed matter and materials physics, and nowadays, it is possible to calculate many materials properties related to the EPI from first-principles. Here, we review the EPI effect on electrical transports of thermoelectric (TE)/electronic materials from our recent works. By using the constant EPI, such as the deformation potential approximation, we carried out high-throughput electrical transport calculations in TE chalcogenides and ABX2 compounds with diamond-like structures and effectively screened some high-performance TE materials; besides, the mobility in hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 was also studied, which included the effect of temperature-induced structural fluctuation. Then, the phonon scattering mechanism for the electrical transports in two-dimensional Dirac sheets and chalcogenides ZnX (X = S, Se) with a zinc blende structure was further discussed by full accurate evaluation of the EPI. It is found that the scatterings from optical phonons and inter-bands are strong and should not be neglected in contrast to the common wisdom. Finally, we perspective the EPI effect on more aspects such as the band structure and thermal transport.
Using numerical analysis of ordinary differential equation systems to predict the chemical concentration after plasma irradiation
Authors: Kladphet T. , Thai V. P. , Fernando W. T. L. S. , Takahashi K. , Kikuchi T. , Sasaki T.
Published: May 2022

In this study, a zero-dimensional numerical simulation of the atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) interface with a liquid solution was performed. By assuming that the solution reaction is dependent on the injection of radicals and electrons, we were able to obtain a single short APP discharge with the liquid solution. This study can predict excitation temperature, electron temperature, and population densities of species and result in optimum conditions for a chemical reaction for the synthesis of nanoparticles or other applications of the reaction between APP and liquid surface. This work aims to explain the effect of pH values on the synthesis of gold nanoparticles compared with experimental results. We found that the effect of pH value is expected to impact the generation of gold nanoparticles. Therefore, a high pH value is suitable for generating gold atoms for nano-synthesis. The fundamental plasma properties, such as population density, electron temperature, excitation temperature, and gas temperature, and chemical reaction process were studied. The simulation results were consistent with the experimental observations.
Highly sensitive SWIR photodetector using carbon nanotube thin film transistor gated by quantum dots heterojunction
Authors: Zhou Shaoyuan , Wang Ying , Deng Chengjie , Liu Peilin , Zhang Jianbing , Wei Nan , Zhang Zhiyong
Published: May 2022

Low-dimensional semiconductors have been considered excellent materials to construct photodetectors for infrared detection with an easy process and excellent compatibility but suffer from low detectivity mainly owing to the poor light absorption of the ultra-thin body. Here, we demonstrate a thin film transistor (TFT) based short-wave infrared photodetector consisting of a carbon nanotube (CNT) TFT gated by a PbS colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) based heterojunction. The thick PbS CQDs' film efficiently absorbs infrared light and then excites and separates electron–hole pairs to generate a photovoltage at the pn heterojunction of the PbS CQDs/ZnO film. The photovoltage is further amplified and transduced in situ by the CNT TFT under the heterojunction, and then the detector featured a specific detectivity of 5.6 × 1013 Jones under 1300 nm illumination and a fast response of the sub-ms level (0.57 ms). The CQDs based heterojunction gating TFT represents a universal architecture for highly sensitive low-dimensional semiconductor based infrared photodetectors, competitive with state-of-the-art epitaxial semiconductors and enabling monolithic integration technology.
Research on flame prediction in a scramjet combustor using a data-driven model
Authors: Kong Chen , Wang Ziao , Zhang Junlong , Wang Xuan , Wang Kai , Li Yunfei , Chang Juntao
Published: May 2022

Flame prediction using deep learning technology could promote the research and development of flame propagation in scramjet combustors. A data-driven prediction model is proposed to effectively predict a future flame based on the flame sequence at the previous moments. A convolutional neural network is used to construct the prediction model, and the network training is performed using an experimental dataset. Ground experiments are conducted in a scramjet combustor using different equivalence ratio variation laws, and the flame evolution in the experiments is recorded and processed into a dataset. The flame prediction accuracy of the proposed model under different equivalence ratio variation laws is analyzed in detail. Moreover, both subjective and objective analysis results show that the flame prediction well agrees with the experimental result, and the flame boundary and area are accurately predicted to a certain extent. The influence of the prediction span on the flame prediction accuracy is also discussed.
Examining the workplace rights of mental health consumer workers
Authors: Katterl Simon
Published: May 2022

Objective To identify what legal workplace protections are available for the mental health consumer workforce in Australia. Methods Review the available common law and legislative protections to identify the general workforce rights and employer responsibilities in Australia. Results Consumer workforce members enjoy protections under employment law, anti-discrimination law, tort law and work health and safety law. Conclusions Consumer workforce members would benefit from understanding and exercising their rights, whereas employers should have better regard to their obligations under common law and legislation. However, further empirical research is needed to assess whether these legislative and policy frameworks sufficiently protect the rights of consumer workers.
A framework for de-identification of free-text data in electronic medical records enabling secondary use
Authors: Mercorelli Louis , Nguyen Harrison , Gartell Nicole , Brookes Martyn , Morris Jonathan , Tam Charmaine S
Published: May 2022

Clinical free-text data represent a vast, untapped source of rich information. If more accessible for research it would supplement information captured in structured fields. Data need to be de-identified prior to being reused for research. However, a lack of transparency with existing de-identification software tools makes it difficult for data custodians to assess potential risks associated with the release of de-identified clinical free-text data. This case study describes the development of a framework for releasing de-identified clinical free-text data in two local health districts in NSW, Australia. A sample of clinical documents (n = 14 768 965), including progress notes, nursing and medical assessments and discharge summaries, were used for development. An algorithm was designed to identify and mask patient names without damaging data utility. For each note, the algorithm output the (i) note length before and after de-identification, (ii) the number of patient names and (iii) the number of common words. These outputs were used to iteratively refine the algorithm performance. This was followed by manual review of a random subset of records by a health information manager. Notes that were not correctly de-identified were fixed, and performance was reassessed until resolution. All notes in this sample were suitably de-identified using this method. Developing a transparent method for de-identifying clinical free-text data enables informed-decision making by data custodians and the safe re-use of clinical free-text data for research and public benefit.
Petroleum supersystems in the greater McArthur Basin, Northern Territory, Australia: prospectivity of the world’s oldest stacked systems with emphasis on the McArthur Supersystem
Authors: Jarrett Amber J. M. , Munson Tim J. , Williams Ben , Bailey Adam H. E. , Palu Tehani
Published: May 2022

This study assesses the prospectivity of the world’s oldest known stacked petroleum systems from the Proterozoic greater McArthur Basin (Northern Territory, Australia), which has immense potential to host both conventional natural gas and oil, in addition to shale-gas accumulations. The Mesoproterozoic succession of the Beetaloo Sub-basin and surrounding region hosts the Territory’s premier shale-gas play and is at an advanced stage of exploration for shale hydrocarbon plays. However, there is also potential for natural gas in older sedimentary packages, with flows and shows reported in underlying Paleoproterozoic successions. At the continent-scale, four regional petroleum supersystems are identified and described in order to provide a platform for consistent nomenclature at the sedimentary package and group level; in ascending stratigraphic order; these are the Paleoproterozoic Redbank and McArthur supersystems, the Paleoproterozoic–Mesoproterozoic Lawn Supersystem, and the Mesoproterozoic Beetaloo Supersystem. The Redbank and Lawn supersystems are newly named and defined, and the Beetaloo Supersystem is renamed from the former Urapungan Supersystem. Eight possible conventional natural gas plays and six shale-gas plays are documented within the McArthur Supersystem, which incorporates Glyde Package successions of the McArthur Basin and the Birrindudu Basin. Petroleum play concepts are also described from this supersystem to assist with assessing the potential for gas resources. A better understanding of the petroleum systems of the greater McArthur Basin is critical to the targeting of areas for geoscience data acquisition in order to facilitate the reduction of exploration search space; and it enables a more rigorous assessment of the potential for conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon resources at local (play) and regional scales.
The infrastructure of net zero: a unique challenge for Australia
Authors: Ebert Paul , Anderson Clare , Greig Chris
Published: May 2022

In August 2021, Worley and Princeton University’s Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment published a report titled ‘From ambition to reality: Weaving the threads of net-zero delivery’ which examined the challenge of building the assets of net zero. It used as a basis Princeton’s Net-Zero America study which detailed a number of pathways to achieve net-zero, finding for all an enormous infrastructure challenge – like nothing the world has ever seen. This joint publication considered the complex execution challenge of delivering this infrastructure. Extrapolating these results to the world economy, it was obvious that if infrastructure was delivered using historical, linear development and deployment paths then it would not be possible to reach net zero by 2050 regardless of which technology pathway was used. The joint publication developed five key shifts in practice that could bridge the gap between net zero ambition and reality. In this paper we explore the implications of this for the Australian energy markets, focusing on energy exports and the decarbonisation technologies most relevant to the oil and gas sector assuming a net zero ambition. In particular, we consider the shifts that will be needed to deliver these technologies, focusing on key deployment levers that may prove pivotal to meeting this ambition.
Evaluating Australia’s energy commodity resources potential for a net-zero emission future
Authors: Bernecker Thomas , Bradshaw Barry E. , Feitz Andrew J. , Kalinowski Aleksandra A.
Published: May 2022

Australia’s future energy production will increasingly be focused on developing clean energy resources to achieve the goal of net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. To achieve this, an understanding of Australia’s natural gas resources and greenhouse gas storage potential is needed to facilitate the rapid implementation and expansion of low-emission technologies. While Australia continues to be a net gas exporter, additional volumes are needed to support future domestic manufacturing capabilities. These extra volumes can be produced from existing accumulations that are close to infrastructure or can be unlocked from highly prospective, yet underexplored regions. The coming decade will see a dramatic change in the energy mix that supports the Australian economy. A major driver will be the development of a hydrogen production industry, initially using fossil fuels with carbon capture and storage (CCS) until the cost of hydrogen production from renewable energy becomes more reliable and competitive. The expansion and projected lower costs of renewable energy generation via solar and wind will ultimately replace much of the non-renewable energies for hydrogen production. Geoscience Australia’s energy-related work program is focused on supporting Australia’s energy transformation assessments of untapped resource potential onshore include the evaluation of geologic hydrogen occurrences, the presence and suitability of subsurface salt horizons for hydrogen storage and the distribution of effective reservoir and seal fairways for underground carbon storage. While offshore, new data from Geoscience Australia’s sea-floor mapping project will improve the understanding of suitable areas for offshore wind farms. Results from these research activities are being made publicly available either through Geoscience Australia’s data portal and its data repository.