bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electric polarization and magnetization in metals
Authors: Mahon Perry T. , Sipe John E.
Published: April 2023

A feature of the “modern theory” is that electric polarization is not
well-defined in a metallic ground state. A different approach invokes
the general existence of a complete set of exponentially localized
Wannier functions, with respect to which general definitions of
microscopic electronic polarization and magnetization fields, and free
charge and current densities are always admitted. These definitions
assume no particular initial electronic state of the crystal, and the
set of microscopic fields satisfy the usual relations of classical
electrodynamics. Notably, when applied to a trivial insulator initially
occupying its T=0T=0
ground state, the expressions for the unperturbed polarization and
orbital magnetization, and for the orbital magnetoelectric
polarizability tensor obtained from these different approaches can
agree. However, the “modern theory of magnetization” has been extended
via thermodynamic arguments to include metals and Chern insulators. We
here compare with that generalization and find disagreement; the manner
in which the expressions differ elucidates the distinct philosophies of
these approaches. Our approach leads to the usual electrical
conductivity tensor in the long-wavelength limit; in the absence of any
scattering mechanisms, the dc divergence of that tensor is due to the
free current density and the finite-frequency generalization of the
anomalous Hall contribution arises from a combination of bound and free
current densities. As well, in the limit that the electronic ground
state is that of a trivial insulator, our expressions reduce to those
expected for the unperturbed polarization and magnetization, and the
electric susceptibility.
Overall performance evaluation of an urban water supply system: a case study of Debre Tabor Town in Ethiopia
Authors: Tekile Andinet , Legesse Yezina Shiferaw
Published: April 2023

Urban water utilities in Ethiopia, including Debre Tabor Town, commonly suffer from an intermittent water supply, water quality issues, poor service delivery, and other problems. Thus, the main focus of this study was to evaluate the actual performance level of the water supply system of the town based on hydraulic efficiency, quality, cost recovery and customer satisfaction. The water distribution system status was measured by using reliability, resilience, and vulnerability as performance indicators. Weightage Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WAWQI) and household-based questionnaires were used to evaluate the water quality and customer satisfaction, respectively. Pressure and velocity-based sustainability index of 0.614 and 0.132 showed acceptable and unacceptable water supply status, respectively, and overall moderate sustainability. Results of the WAWQI revealed that more than half of the sampled tap waters were either poor or unfit for drinking purposes. The comparison of income collected from customers and the water production costs of the utility showed that only 34.31% of production cost is covered by customers. Generally, 62.6% of the society confirmed that they are unsatisfied with the existing water supply system. Thus, to improve the performance, it is recommended to address all the major social, economic, environmental and technical problems.
Gestão e avaliação da pós-graduação
Authors: Rissi Maurício , Garcia Rodrigo
Published: April 2023

Pela sua importância e contribuição à sociedade, as Instituições de Ensino Superior devem agir na busca por performar suas rotinas com vistas no melhor desempenho. Neste contexto, a gestão e a avaliação figuram papéis importantes no âmbito do planejamento, execução e verificação das atividades deste que se caracteriza por um ser ambiente dinâmico e complexo. Assim, este estudo objetiva caracterizar as produções científicas sobre gestão e avaliação da pós-graduação. Como método, realizou-se uma análise bibliométrica, utilizando os descritores “Avaliação da Pós-Graduação”, “Avaliação CAPES”, “Desempenho da Pós-Graduação”, “Expansão qualitativa da Pós-Graduação” e “Fortalecimento da Pós-Graduação”. Desta análise nas plataformas citadas, por meio da leitura dos títulos e resumos, 25 publicações foram selecionadas para constituir o portfólio bibliométrico formado, em sua maioria, por artigos científicos. Os resultados mostram que o método de pesquisa mais utilizado nestas produções é o estudo de caso, a temática mais presente é a gestão dos programas de pós-graduação, com ano de publicação variando desde 2003 até 2019, mais concentrados nos últimos 5 anos. Em conclusão, percebeu-se uma alta concentração nos temas relacionados à gestão da pós-graduação, avaliação e internacionalização, somando 80% das produções do portfólio bibliométrico se mostrando uma ótima forma de mensurar o estado da arte e a contribuição do conhecimento científico desta área.
10 Anos do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação em Ciências e em Matemática da Universidade Federal do Paraná
Authors: Silveira Camila , Kundlatsch Aline , Celeste Schuindt Cláudia
Published: April 2023

A presente pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa do tipo documental, busca desvelar o perfil das dissertações e analisar a trajetória acadêmica e profissional dos egressos do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação em Ciências e em Matemática da Universidade Federal do Paraná. Os dados foram analisados a partir da Análise de Conteúdo, sistematizados em sete categorias: a) Quantidade de defesas por ano e área de concentração; b) Conteúdo das dissertações; c) Graduação e Instituição de Ensino Superior dos egressos; d) Formação complementar dos egressos; e) Quantidade de doutores, área de titulação e IES; f) Quantidade de doutorandos, área de titulação e IES; e g) Atuação profissional dos egressos. Os resultados mostram que o número de mestres formados em Educação em Matemática e em Educação em Ciências têm mantido um certo equilíbrio desde 2018, onde, até 2017 havia prevalência da linha correspondente à Matemática. Grande parte das dissertações estão focadas no Ensino Fundamental e têm como temas principais: Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade, Ciência e Arte, Avaliação, Educação Matemática e Jogos. A maior parcela dos egressos é licenciado em Matemática. Em suma, eles atuam como professores da Educação Básica na região Sul do país. Ressalta-se que apenas 28,5% dos mestres, estão, atualmente no Doutorado e 6,3% já são doutores. Por fim, sublinha-se a importância desse tipo de pesquisa, pois, acredita-se que analisar as produções e as trajetórias dos egressos pode fomentar ações no âmbito dos próprios programas e na área de Educação em Ciências e em Matemática.
Analysis of Factors in the Selection of Picture Books according to Childcare Teachers’Personal Variable
Authors:   The Korean Publishing Science Society, Hwang Min Sun
Published: April 2023

This study focuses on current trends in which childcare, which used to be completely dependent on mothers, is now handled by childcare teachers in early childhood institutes in reflection of the social trend of dual income families. Picture book reading, which is a form of education and play for young children, is implemented by childcare teachers. At this, analysis was conducted on the relationship between the academic variables and age variables of childcare teachers and picture book selection. The purpose of this study was to provide exploratory base material on children’s fairy tale books through this and in improving the perceptions of teachers on picture books. Research results showed that there were no significant differences among the academic variables and age variables of childcare teachers working in early childhood institutes in the selection of picture books.
Phenyliodine(III)diacetate (PIDA): Applications in Rearrangement/Migration Reactions
Authors: Alam M. Mujahid , Bollikolla Hari Babu , Amanullah Mohammed , Hussein Mohamed , Varala Ravi
Published: April 2023

One of the most widely utilized hypervalent iodines used as an oxidizing agent in organic
chemistry is (dialcetoxyiodo)benzene (PhI(OAc)2), also known as (DAIB), phenyliodine(III)
diacetate (PIDA). In this mini-review, PIDA is highlighted in relation to its applications in organic
synthesis involving rearrangement/migration reactions along with their interesting mechanistic
aspects from the summer of 2015 to the present.
Compounds with Anti-Alzheimer Activity Isolated for the First Time from
Melaleuca leucodendron (L.) Leaves
Authors: Abdel Elkarim Asmaa S. , Ahmed Amal H. , ELsayed Wael M.
Published: April 2023

Objective:

To discover a drug from natural triterpenes that has no side effects and is
effective in treating Alzheimer's disease. We predict that the drug will be put on the market soon
and achieve success.

Methods::

The methanolic extract of M. leucodendron leaves was fractionated and subjected to
different chromatographic techniques to isolate two new triterpene glycosides alongside five
known compounds kaempferol 3, quercetin 4, quercetin3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 5, kaempferol3-
O-β-D-glucopyranoside 6 and kaempferol3-O-α-L-rhamnoside 7. The structures of compounds 1
and 2 were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and chemical means.

Results:

Two new triterpene glycosides, 21-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-olean-12-ene-3-O-[α-Lrhamnopyranosyl
(1-4) β-D-galactopyranosyl (1-4) β-D-glucouronopyranoside]1 and 21-O-α-Lrhamnopyranosyl-
olean-12-ene-3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→4) β-D-galactopyra-nosyl (1→4)
β-D-galactopyranoside] 2, were isolated for the first time from 70% aqueous methanolic extract
(AME) of M. leucodendron leaves. The inhibitory activities of the said compounds toward acetylcholinesterase
(AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) were then assayed. Both compounds
exhibited significant inhibitory activities toward the two enzymes, and evidence indicated that
compound 2 was a more effective inhibitor than compound 1.

Conclusion:

Compounds 1 and 2 have a significant role in inhibiting the enzymes acetylcholinesterase
and butyrylcholinesterase.
Review of the Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oils from Artemisia Argyi, Artemisia Princeps, and Artemisia Montana
Authors: Yu Dan , Huang Nan‑Nan , Du Xiao‑Wei
Published: April 2023

Background:

Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Van., Artemisia princeps Pamp., and Artemisia montana Pamp., which are the sources of mugwort, have been popular across East Asian countries for nearly 2000 years now. Essential oils are the major chemical component obtained from them, exhibiting a variety of biological activities.

Objective:

This review mainly focuses on the chemical composition and biological activities of A. argyi essential oil (AAEO), A. princeps essential oil (APEO), and A. montana essential oil (AMEO), with a special focus on their common and specific characteristics. The traditional use, dis-tribution, and botany of A. argyi, A. princeps, and A. montana have also been summarized. In addi-tion, the pharmacokinetics of AAEO was involved.

Methods:

We collected literature from online and offline databases by entering the following key-words: mugwort, wormwood, A. argyi, A. princeps, A. montana, essential oil, and volatile oil. No language limitation was present in our search.

Results:

A. argyi, A. princeps, and A. montana were used as traditional medicine, food, and health care products for a long time in Asia. They are widely distributed in most parts of China, Korea, and Japan. AAEO, APEO, and AMEO composed of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and their derivatives, alkanes, olefins, etc. Most of the specific compounds of AAEO were monoterpenoids, nearly half of the specific compounds of APEO were aliphatic hydrocarbons, and the sesquiterpenes were the typ-ical specific compounds of AMEO. The mugwort essential oil showed multiple biological activities, such as anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, anticoagulation, sedative, and in-secticide.

Conclusion:

The present review provided insight into the chemical composition and biological ac-tivity of AAEO, APEO, and AMEO. The comprehensive literature showed that they possessed wide application prospects in various fields. However, they should be studied in more depth. The under-lying bioactive mechanisms should be elucidated and their toxicity and quality control should be de-termined.
Synthesis of N,N-diethylaminopropylurea and Monosubstituted Urea Derivatives
from Primary Amines and Potassium Cyanate
Authors: Chang Wei-Jin , Liew Sook Yee , Tan Siow-Ping
Published: April 2023

Urea derivatives are an important class of pharmacologically-active compounds due to their
ability to form hydrogen bonds with biological targets. Several synthetic pathways have been developed
to access urea derivatives, such as the metal-free and metal-catalysed carbonylation reactions of
amines and the Curtius, Hofmann, and Tiemann rearrangement reactions. This study aimed to synthesize
urea derivatives from primary amines. The urea derivatives were synthesized from primary
amines and potassium cyanate in 1M HCl aqueous solution under ambient conditions and were isolated,
followed by characterization using FTIR, DSC, and NMR (1H and 13C). A new urea derivative, N,
N-diethylaminopropylurea (6), together with N-phenylurea (1), para-tolylurea (2), orthomethoxyphenylurea
(3), para-methoxyphenylurea (4), N-benzylurea (5), and N-butylurea (7), was
successfully synthesized under acidic conditions. This work presents the synthesis and characterization
data of a newly-reported urea derivative, N, N-diethylaminopropylurea (6), and extends the substrate
scope to basic side chains in the synthesis of urea derivatives from primary amines and potassium
cyanate in water.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Julolidine-based Electro-optic Molecular
Glass
Authors: Chen Kexiang , Wang Jiexue , Li Lu , Chang Le , Yang Min , Wang Qihui , Li Zhonghui , Deng Guowei
Published: April 2023

Aim:

Organic electro-optic (EO) materials have recently gained considerable attention owing to their advantages compared to inorganic EO materials. Among different kinds of organic EO materials, organic EO molecular glass exhibits desired prospect because of its high chromo-phore loading density and large macroscopic EO activity.

Introduction:

The objective of this study is to design and synthesize a novel organic EO molecular glass JMG utilizing julolidine moiety as the electron donor, thiophene moiety as the conjugated bridge, trifluoromethyl substituted tricyanofuran derivate (Ph-CF3-TCF) as the electron acceptor.

Methods:

The JMG’s structure was characterized through NMR and HRMS. The photophysical property, glass transition temperature, first hyperpolarizability (β) and dipole moment (μ) of JMG were determined through UV-vis spectra, DSC test and DFT calculation.

Results:

JMG’s Tg reached to 79°C and it can form high-quality optical film. The theoretical calcu-lation shows that the first hyperpolarizability (β) and dipole moment (μ) of JMG were calculated to 730×10-30 esu and 21.898 D. After connecting poling with the poling voltage of 49 V/μm at 90℃ for 10 min, the highest EO coefficient (r33) of the poled JMG films reached to 147 pm/V.

Conclusion:

A novel julolidine-based NLO chromophore with two tert-butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS) groups was successfully prepared and characterized. TBDPS group is introduced as the film-forming group, and it also plays the role of isolation group, which can suppress the electrostatic in-teraction between chromophores, improve the poling efficiency and further enhance the EO activity. The excellent performances endow JMG with potential applications in device fabrication.
Neurogenesis, A Potential Target for Intermittent Hypoxia Leading to
Cognitive Decline
Authors: Liu Yuxing , Tan Jin , Miao Yuyang , Zhang Qiang
Published: April 2023

As a sleep breathing disorder, characterized by intermittent hypoxia (IH) and Obstructive sleep
apnea (OSA), is believed to decrease the cognitive function of patients. Many factors are thought to be
responsible for cognitive decline in OSA patients. Neurogenesis, a process by which neural stem cells
(NSCs) differentiate into new neurons in the brain, is a major determinant affecting cognitive function.
However, there is no clear relationship between IH or OSA and neurogenesis. In recent years, increasing
numbers of studies on IH and neurogenesis are documented. Therefore, this review summarizes the effects
of IH on neurogenesis; then discusses the influencing factors that may cause these effects and the
potential signaling pathways that may exist. Finally, based on this impact, we discuss potential methods
and future directions for improving cognition.
Competitive Effect of Overexpressed C-terminal of Snail-1 (CSnail) in
Control of the Growth and Metastasis of Melanoma Cells
Authors: Rostami Sadegh Paydari , Dehkordi Negar Moghare , Asgari Yazdan , Bolouri Mohammad Reza , Shayanfar Nasrin , Falak Reza , Kardar Gholam Ali
Published: April 2023

Background::

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a role in the invasion
and metastasis of cancer cells. During this phenomenon, Snail can promote tumor progression by
upregulating mesenchymal factors and downregulating the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins.

Objectives::

Therefore, interventions on the expression rate of Snails may show beneficial therapeutic
applications.

Methods::

In this study, the C-terminal region of Snail1, capable of binding to E-box genomic sequences,
was subcloned into the pAAV-IRES-EGFP backbone to make complete AAV-CSnail
viral particles. B16F10 as a metastatic melanoma cell line, with a null expression of wild type
TP53 was transduced by AAV-CSnail. Moreover, the transduced cells were analyzed for in vitro
expression of apoptosis, migration, and EMT-related genes, and in vivo inhibition of metastasis.

Results::

In more than 80% of the AAV-CSnail transduced cells, the CSnail gene expression competitively
reduced the wild-type Snail functionality and consequently lowered the mRNA expression
level of EMT-related genes. Furthermore, the transcription level of cell cycle inhibitory factor
p21 and pro-apoptotic factors were promoted. The scratch test showed a decrease in the migration
ability of AAV-CSnail transduced group compared to control. Finally, metastasis of cancer cells to
lung tissue in the AAV-CSnail-treated B16F10 melanoma mouse model was significantly reduced,
pointing out to prevention of EMT by the competitive inhibitory effect of CSnail on Snail1 and
increased apoptosis of B16F10 cells.

Conclusion::

The capability of this successful competition in reducing the growth, invasion, and
metastasis of melanoma cells indicates that gene therapy is a promising strategy for the control of
the growth and metastasis of cancer cells.
Neurological Complications Caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Associated Opportunistic Co-infections: A Review on their
Diagnosis and Therapeutic Insights
Authors: Balaji Sivaraman , Chakraborty Rohan , Aggarwal Sumit
Published: April 2023

Neurocognitive disorders associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected
individuals increase the risk of mortality and morbidity that remain a prevalent clinical complication
even in the antiretroviral therapy era. It is estimated that a considerable number of people in the HIV
community are developing neurological complications at their early stages of infection. The daily lives
of people with chronic HIV infections are greatly affected by cognitive declines such as loss of attention,
learning, and executive functions, and other adverse conditions like neuronal injury and dementia.
It has been found that the entry of HIV into the brain and subsequently crossing the blood-brain
barrier (BBB) causes brain cell damage, which is the prerequisite for the development of neurocognitive
disorders. Besides the HIV replication in the central nervous system and the adverse effects of antiretroviral
therapy on the BBB, a range of opportunistic infections, including viral, bacterial, and parasitic
agents, augment the neurological complications in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Given the
immuno-compromised state of PLHIV, these co-infections can present a wide range of clinical syndromes
with atypical manifestations that pose challenges in diagnosis and clinical management, representing
a substantial burden for the public health system. Therefore, the present review narrates the
neurological complications triggered by HIV and their diagnosis and treatment options. Moreover, coinfections
that are known to cause neurological disorders in HIV infected individuals are highlighted.
Research and Progress of Inorganic Infrared Electrochromic Materials
and Devices
Authors: Li Xinglin , Yao Rihui , Li Muyun , Guo Chenxiao , Luo Dongxiang , Zhong Jinyao , Xu Zhuohui , Ning Honglong , Peng Junbiao
Published: April 2023

Background:

Electrochromic materials can dynamically change their optical properties (such
as transmittance, absorbance, and reflectance under the action of an applied voltage, and their research
and application in the visible band have been widely concerned. In recent years, with the continuous development
of electrochromic technology, the related research has been gradually extended to the infrared
region.

Objective:

This invited review aims to provide an overview of the current status of several inorganic infrared
electrochromic materials, to provide some references for future research, and to promote the research
and application of electrochromic technology in the infrared region.

Methods:

This review summarizes various research results in the field of infrared electrochromic, which
includes a detailed literature review and patent search. Starting from the key performance parameters
and device structure characteristics of infrared electrochromic devices (ECDs), the research and progress
of several types of inorganic infrared electrochromic materials, including metal oxides, plasma
nanocrystals, and carbon nanomaterials, are mainly presented, and feasible optimization directions are
also discussed.

Conclusion:

We believe that the potential of these materials for civilian and military applications, for example,
infrared electrochromic smart windows, infrared stealth/disguise, and thermal control of spacecraft,
can be fully exploited by optimizing the materials and their devices to improve their performance.
Self-reported Knowledge and Practice of Saudi Dental Hygiene Students Towards the use of Chlorhexidine Mouthwash
Authors: Mulla Mushir
Published: April 2023

Aim:

To assess the knowledge and practice of Saudi dental hygiene students regarding the use of mouthwashes in clinical practice.

Background:

Mouthwashes are chemical plaque control agents which are widely used for the prevention of tooth decay, gaining fresh breath, reducing plaque and calculus formation, and reducing gingival inflammation. Chlorhexidine is considered a gold standard mouthwash because of its substantivity action. Thus, it is very important for dental practitioners to understand the knowledge and practices regarding the use of Chlorhexidine mouthwash

Objective:

The primary objective of this study was to find dental hygiene students’ knowledge about chlorhexidine mouthwash and its side effects and also identify their practice toward the use of mouthwashes as plaque inhibiting agents.

Methods:

An online version of a pre-tested and validated questionnaire was used to test the knowledge and practices towards the use of Chlorhexidine mouthwash. Thus, A Cross-sectional questionnaire survey was carried out in Saudi Arabia on dental hygiene students.

Results:

A total of 144 filled questionnaires were obtained out of which 88% were male and 12% were female. After converting the scores into percentages, any score <60% was categorized as a poor score, 60-80% as an average score, and >80% as a good score. Dental hygiene students showed an average knowledge about Chlorhexidine mouthwash with a score of 62.27% and also poor practice with a score of 57.98%.

Conclusion:

The findings of this cross-sectional study demonstrate that most of the Dental hygiene students in Saudi Arabia have got average knowledge and poor practice about the usage of Chlorhexidine mouthwash.

Clinical Significance:

Being the oral health care providers, it is mandatory for dental hygiene students to have adequate knowledge regarding the usage of mouthwashes. With optimum knowledge, they will be able to deliver the right information to the patients thereby ensuring the proper practice of the same.
Conceptualisation and Definition of Personal Recovery among People with Schizophrenia: Additionally Review
Authors: Thongsalab Jutharat , Yunibhand Jintana , Uthis Penpaktr
Published: April 2023

Background:

Personal recovery is an essential mental health goal in schizophrenia. Personal recovery is deeply individual and cannot be uniformly characterised for each person. Therefore, the concept and definition of personal recovery in schizophrenia are still ambiguous.

Objective:

To clarify the definition and conceptualisation of personal recovery in schizophrenia patients

Methods:

The study followed Arksey and O’Malley’s framework stages. Related electronic documents were searched in ScienceDirect, Scopus, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar.

Results:

Ten systematic review studies were included in this paper. Recovery conceptualisation is various perspectives of people with schizophrenia regarding personal recovery as follows: “Recovery as a journey”, “Recovery as a process”, “Recovery as an outcome”, and “Recovery components.”. In addition, it was codified into an operational definition congruent with the CHIME plus D (connectedness, hope, identity, meaning in life, empowerment, and difficulty).

Conclusion:

Conceptualisation of personal recovery appears in line with the personal recovery process and outcomes close to each other. Therefore, instruments should be developed for measuring both recovery processes and outcomes simultaneously. Additionally, nursing intervention should be designed by aiming to promote and address CHIME plus D. Personal recovery studies in schizophrenia patients have been limited to developed countries. Therefore, in order to acquire a more thorough conceptualisation and characterisation, future research ought to take into account the characteristics, determinants, and outcomes of personal recovery among people with schizophrenia who come from developing nations and minority ethnic groups.
Moderate Physical Activity Reduces the Odds of Sarcopenia in Community-
dwelling Older Women: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Gonçalves Marini José Augusto , Abdalla Pedro Pugliesi , Bohn Lucimere , Mota Jorge , Duncan Michael , dos Santos André Pereira , Lopes Machado Dalmo Roberto
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

The time spent in different physical activity (PA) intensities is associated
with sarcopenia risk for community-dwelling older women.

Aim:

To evaluate the role of sitting time and physical activity (PA) level as predictors of sarcopenia
odds.

Methods:

In a cross-sectional study, physically independent older women (n = 67) performed the
six-minute walk test to identify functional limitation (≤ 400 m). Sedentary time (as sitting time)
and PA (light, moderate and vigorous) were obtained with the International Physical Activity
Questionnaire (IPAQ). Sarcopenia was diagnosed as recommended by the Society of Sarcopenia,
Cachexia and Wasting Disorders (SCWD). Sarcopenia odds (low muscle mass and functional limitation)
was predicted by binary logistic regression, considering the weekly sitting time and PA as
independent variables.

Results:

Sarcopenia prevalence was 7.5% (n = 5), with functional limitation present in 38.8% (n =
26), and low muscle mass in 22.4% (n = 15). The predictive model (p = 0.014) involved moderate
PA as the only significant predictor (OR = 0.999; p = 0.005; 95% CI: 0.998-1.000) of functional
limitation. Moderate PA prevents sarcopenia odds. Each weekly hour of moderate PA decreased
sarcopenia odds by 6%.

Conclusion:

Time spent in moderate PA can prevent sarcopenia.
Trapa natans L.: A Journey from Traditional to Contemporary Therapies -
A Review
Authors: Banu Zartaj Washmin , Dasgupta Debaprotim , Hazarika Iswar , Laloo Damiki , Kalita Jun Moni
Published: April 2023

Trapa natans (Family: Trapacea) is an edible and ornate plant in warm, temperate regions of
Asia and Europe. Extracts of different parts, as well as the whole herb itself, have traditionally been used
to treat many ailments. Current review aims at documenting, finding research gaps, and critically appraising
the contemporary information on T. natans based on botanical account, traditional use, reported bioactive
constituents, toxicity, and therapeutic activities. We used several electronic databases, including
scientific data from Pubmed, and Google scholar up to April 3, 2022, incorporating keywords- “Trapa natans”
and “Traditional use of Trapa natans”. The result suggested: (a) The plant is used traditionally for
treating burning sensation, dipsia, dyspepsia, haemorrhage, diarrhoea, dysentery, leprosy, weariness, inflammation,
fractures, pharyngitis, urethrorrhea, bronchitis, and general debility. (b) The phytoconstituents
found in the plant include cycloucalenol, ursolic acid, ellagic acid, chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, syringic
acid, quercetin and 2, 3, 23-trihydroxy urs-12-en-28-oic acid. The other phytoconstituents were
protein, carbohydrates, starch, flavonoids, and essential vitamins like riboflavin, thiamine, pyridoxine,
pantothenic acid, nicotinic acid, vitamin A, vitamin C and D-amylase. (c) The plant was studied further
for its pharmacological activity in antidiabetic properties, antimicrobial potency, anti-inflammatory activity,
analgesic activity, immunomodulatory effect, antiulcer activity, anticancer property and nootropic
activity. (d) Starch obtained from T. natans was also found to have good freeze-thaw properties, metal
chelation properties and youghurt stability which could be used for pharmaceutical preparations. (e) The
acute oral toxicity of hydroalcoholic, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of T. natans was reported to be
safe up to a dose of 2000 mg/Kg. The present review suggests that T. natans needs to be explored for
evaluation of mechanistic study of the reported activities, preclinical investigations, and evaluation of
clinical studies on humans for its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic actions as well as the development
of dose-dependent formulations and routes of administration.
Instead of Calories, Should We Be Counting our Consumption of Exosomes
and MicroRNAs?
Authors: Hirschi Kendal Dee , Nalliah Vignesh , Rhein Hormat Shadgou
Published: April 2023

The specific foods to eat for optimal nutrition remain ill-defined. Studies using plant-based diets or milk suggest that vesicles, termed exosomes, and small RNAs termed microRNAs (miRNAs) are health promoting components in foods. However, numerous studies refute the poten-tial of dietary cross-kingdom communication of exosomes and miRNAs. While research reinforces that plant-based diets and milk are healthy components of a well-rounded diet, the bioavailability and bioactivity of the exosomes and miRNAs present in plant-based diets and milk remain unclear. Further investigations of plant-based diet and milk exosome like particles may open a new era in application of food for overall health enhancement. In addition, the potential biotechnological plant-based diet and milk exosome like particles can aid in cancer treatment.
A Review of Pharmacotherapeutic Potentials of Black seeds (Nigella sativa)
in the Management of Monkeypox Infection
Authors: Maideen Naina Mohamed Pakkir , Balasubramanian Rajkapoor , Muthusamy Sudha , Dhanabalan Kamalakannan , Sughir Abdussalam A.
Published: April 2023

Around 3500 laboratory-confirmed cases of monkeypox infection, from 42 non-endemic
countries have been reported to World Health Organization (WHO), during the current multicountry
monkeypox outbreak. As of now, patients with monkeypox infection are managed symptomatically
with supportive care. Hence, our current review focuses on the analysis of the pharmacotherapeutic
potentials of black seeds (N. sativa). The literature was searched in web-based databases
including web of science, Medline/PMC/PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, Google Scholar, Science
Direct, and reference lists to identify relevant publications. Several clinical, animal, in-vivo,
in-vitro, and in-silico studies have confirmed the antiviral efficacy of N. sativa against various viruses.
In addition, previous research have demonstrated the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial,
antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects of Black seeds (N. sativa), which would help to
alleviate the signs, symptoms, and complications associated with monkeypox infection. In consequence,
black seeds (N. sativa) could be added as an adjuvant therapy along with repurposed/
investigational antiviral drugs and supportive care in the management of patients with monkeypox
infection in early stages to prevent inflammatory conditions and secondary bacterial infections.
The safety and efficacy of Black seeds (N. sativa) in the management of monkeypox infection
would further be established by future randomized controlled clinical trials.
Effects of Biofertilizers in Improving the Growth and Development of the
Traditional Medicinal Plant Aloe vera L. (Aloe barbadensis Miller)
Authors: Singha Partha Sarathi , Ghosh Ramkrishna , Firdaus Syed Benazir , Ghosh Debosree
Published: April 2023

Aloe vera L. (Aloe barbadensis Miller) is a very common water deficit-resistant plant
which has immense medicinal properties. It is a fleshy plant belonging to the Liliaceae family. Aloe
barbadensis has enormous medicinal value. According to historical records, it has been used in folk
and traditional medicine in different parts and regions of the world for ages. Aloe vera is widely
used in Ayurvedacharya and Unani medicine. The plant is a rich source of potent medicinal phytocomponents,
each with pronounced medicinal properties. Primarily, Aloe gel is considered one of
Mother Nature’s magical formulations for treating and curing various health ailments, including
skin diseases, hair fall, indigestion, inflammation, and many others. Studies revealed that the use of
biofertilizers significantly improves the growth and development of the Aloe plant. The quality and
quantity of the constituents of Aloe vera gel are also reported to improve significantly with the use
of biofertilizers. Biofertilizers, when used alone or in combination, are reported to influence the
length, width, biomass, and phytoconstituents of the leaves of the plant. Biofertilizers, which are
environment friendly and more effective on Aloe, can thus be considered a better substitute for other
fertilizers for boosting the qualitative and quantitative yield of the magical medicinal plant, Aloe
barbadensis.
Phyto-pharmacology of Most Common Indian Culinary Spices and their Potential in Developing New Pharmaceutical Therapies
Authors: Maqbool Mubashir , Chaudhary Kakul , Chalotra Rishabh , Chauhan Samrat , Dahiya Randhir Singh
Published: April 2023

Background:

Culinary spices and Indian kitchens share a historical relationship for centuries. An average Indian kitchen contains a lot of spices like fennel, cardamom, cumin, turmeric, clove, black pepper, etc., used to increase the aroma and taste of food. Scientific research suggested the pharmacological activities of these kitchen spices, as most of them enhance the appetite, digestion, and have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, and some spices are potent anticancer, antidiabetic, and anti-obesity. Some Culinary spices are unexplored scientifically.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to investigate the presently explored spices and some unexplored spices which might be used in certain parts of the world to enhance the flavor and could have medicinal benefits, studying their pharmacological actions in controlling or managing diseases.

Methods:

Numerous surveys in literature were done in response to determining the culinary spices used commonly in Indian kitchens and also some rare spices which might be used in certain parts of the world for their pharmacological, and traditional uses, their chemical constituents having pharmacological activities. Relevant peer-reviewed publications were searched through various databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, Research Gate, etc.

Results:

A total of 11 common culinary spices like cumin, cardamom, cloves, etc. are studied regarding their common kitchen role, traditional uses, and their explored pharmacological activities, and 11 other spices like Alpinia galanga, Prunus mahaleb, Grain of Paradise, etc., which are used in some parts of the world having medicinal properties are also studied. The chemical constituents of these plants are also studied which could be responsible for their medicinal activity.

Conclusion:

In this review, an approach was made to study the common culinary spices and other culinary spices which might not be most common, having medicinal properties, so that better treatment options could be available for future generations.
Data-driven Evaluation Method for Cyber-Physical System Reliability of
Integrated Energy System
Authors: Wu Lizhen , He Langchao , Chen Wei , Hao Xiaohong
Published: April 2023

Background::

In order to achieve the social goal of low carbon and high efficiency, integrated
energy system (IES) with deep integration of cyber-physical systems (CPS) are being
developed rapidly. The reliability evaluation is an important basis for IES planning and operation.
Considering the deep coupling relationship between various systems, energy networks, and
cyber networks, and the impact of multiple uncertainties on the integrated energy system, the traditional
single index is difficult to quantify the reliability of the system, and the current evaluation
methods rely on mechanism analysis and accurate modeling. It is difficult to deal with the
coupling relationship between integrated energy systems, energy networks and information networks.
So, the quantitative evaluation of the reliability level index of integrated energy systems
under the cyber physical system is established, and a data-driven evaluation method is proposed.

Methods::

In this article, the energy entropy and information entropy theory are combined to establish
the reliability evaluation index of integrated energy system integration of cyber-physical
systems, and a data-driven evaluation method based on random matrix theory (RMT) is proposed.

Results::

A reliability evaluation model is established through RMT, and the single-ring law is
used to analyze the statistical properties of the matrix model to identify the abnormal state of the
system. Then the reliability of cyber and physical layers are evaluated based on energy entropy
and information entropy, respectively. In addition, sensitivity analyses on the impact of node interruption
probability, network topology, access load rate, and other factors are carried out.

Conclusion::

The examples of IES are given to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed
method.
Study the antioxidant of Matricaria chamomilla (Chamomile) powder: In vitro and vivo
Authors: Alja’afreh Ibtesam Y. , Alaatabi Raafat M. , Hussain Aldoghachi Faten Essam , mudhafar Mustafa , Abdulkareem Almashhadani Haider , Kadhim Mustafa M. , Hassan Shari Falah
Published: April 2023

Oxidative stress is oxidative damage caused by free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS can cause oxidative damage to cellular components, including membrane lipids, receptors, enzymes, proteins, and nucleic acids. It would eventually lead to cell apoptosis and the appearance of certain pathological conditions. This work investigates the antioxidant potentials of chamomile extract in vitro by evaluating the extract activity to scavenge 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), also in vivo by investigating its effects on oxidative stress-induced rats by assessing the total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity in the radiation exposed rats with and without the treatment with chamomile extract. The results have shown that chamomile extract contains materials with antioxidant properties. The in vitro analyses have indicated activity to detoxify the DPPH radicals almost as powerful as pure ascorbic acid. Furthermore, rats exposed to electromagnetic radiation have shown a disturbance in the balance of oxidants and antioxidants, in which the levels of TOS were elevated while the levels of TAC were reduced. Chamomile extract has been shown to exhibit a powerful function as an antioxidant in vivo. It has enhanced the antioxidant capacity of rats, reduced their total oxidant status, and protected exposure to radiation.

Keywords: Total antioxidant capacity, peach fruit, rats, DPPH, total oxidant status.
Synergistic effect of Rosemary and Lemon extractions on some physiological and biochemical parameters of CCl4-Stressed male rats
Authors: Al-Mushhadani Thaer M. , Al-Hayali Haitham L. , Obaid Mostafa Shaimaa
Published: April 2023

This study was carried out to examine the preventive impact of marine extracts of rosemary and lemon individually or together in adult-male rats with liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride. The extracts were prepared and tested on 40 male rats distributed into groups by collecting blood samples and conducting some hematological and biochemical parameters. CCl4-induced significant increases in the weight of the liver and heart, while rosemary and lemon extracts alone were not able to restore the liver weight, but the effect was in the synergy. As well, the extracts alone or in combination had a significant impact on reducing heart weight. Additionally, CCl4 caused a substantial reduction in RBC, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCHC and lymphocytes, whereas WBC, monocyte and granulocyte increased. While extracts exhibited an enhancement in these parameters, the best effect was when the two extracts were used together. The biochemical parameters indicated high significance in glucose, AST, ALT and triglycerides; however, total protein, albumin, cholesterol and T-AOC decreased compared to the control group. Both rosemary and lemon worked to restore and remove the oxidative effect. Keywords: Rosemary(A plant that grows in mountainous regions), Lemon, Carbon tetrachloride, Stress, Rats.
The impact of the type of bacterial inoculant used and the application method on corn growth and yield (Zea Mays L.)
Authors: Bahlool Noni Ghanem , Kreem Jbar Abdualla , Jassim Almaliki Salwan Mohammed
Published: April 2023

A study included the implementation of a field experiment using a randomized complete Block design at the Agricultural Research Station - College of Agriculture - University of Al-Muthanna, to evaluate the effect of using the immobilization inoculant technique as a biofertilizer compared to applying the bacterial inoculant in the traditional methods by carrying it on zeolite. The results showed the superiority of the immobilization inoculant, regardless of the type of bacterial inoculum on the process of carrying on zeolites in all traits corn growth parameters, as well as the overlap of T. thiolates + B. subtilis together over the bacterial inoculant for B. Subtilis. At the same time, it didn't differ significantly in most of the traits. The study of the dual bacterial inoculant B3M2 superior in plant height, dry weight, bio-yield, grain yield, uptake amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the shoots and the concentration of available phosphorus in the soil. Which is recorded at 227.33 Cm, 321.23 g plant-1, 171.44 g, 7.68 t ha-1, 89.21 (kg N ha-1), 21.92 (kg P ha-1), 171.82 (kg K ha-1), 29.6 (mg P ha-1) Sequentially, the same treatment also achieved 99.6% compared to the recommendation of the complete fertilizer in the grain yield. Keywords: Bacterial Inoculant, Growth, Yield, Corn (Zea Mays L.)
Assessment of the variability of the hematological and biochemical parameters in giardiasis patients
Authors: Al-Abodi1 Hiba Riyadh
Published: April 2023

Giardiasis is one of the essential parasitic intestinal diseases, widespread in many countries. Therefore, it has occupied a necessary place among public health priorities. Children are the most vulnerable and affected by this disease. The current study evaluated the physiological and biochemical hematological changes of affected children under 12 in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate, middle of Iraq. Hemoglobin levels and the volume of compacted blood cells decreased in patients (10.4g/dL and 33.7%, respectively). In contrast, the number of white blood cells increased to (7700 cells/mm3), indicating substantial differences between the hematological parameters and the control group's results.
Regarding the number of cells, the investigation revealed a reduction of (64.1%) in the total number of cells. In contrast to the control data, the results showed a rise in the number of lymphocytes, eosinophils, and basophils, with respective percentages of (%28.4), (%0.6), and (%0.4). Monocytes were unaffected. The findings of the biochemical parameters demonstrated that the concentrations of liver enzymes varied significantly, with the attention of GPT and GOT increasing to(18.7) and (19.9)international units/liter. Additionally, lipid level variations, including lower cholesterol and triglycerides, were discovered. Compared to the control groups, it reached (163.8) and (122.5) mg/DL.
Keywords: Giardiasis, blood parameters, GOT, Giardia lamblia.
Testing the Social Robot LOVOT´s Interaction With Adults With Autism and Mental Impairment: Preliminary Findings
Authors: Gregersen Lajla Holtebo , Dalskov Leisted Sofie , Samuelsen Frederik , Dinesen Birthe
Published: April 2023

Background

Persons with autism and mental impairment face communicative, social, and behavioral challenges, and there is a need to establish effective interventions to improve the quality of daily life. Social robots working with children with autism have successfully improved their communication and social behavior and reduced stereotypic behavior. However, there is only limited evidence regarding the effectiveness of social robots.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the interactions, effects on well-being, experiences from health care professionals, and ethical aspects of deploying the LOVOT social robot as a tool for adults with autism and mental impairment.

Methods

Two social robots have been deployed in 3 residences. A total of 12 adults with autism and mental impairment were recruited. Individual planned sessions on interaction with the social robots are being carried out twice a week for 20-30 minutes over a period of 6 months. Participant observations are carried out every second week during the 6 months on themes such as well-being, interaction with the robot, the level of arousal, eye contact, and communication. Observations have been documented through standardized observation protocols and by video recording. Experiences from health care professionals and ethical aspects have been explored using semistructured interviews.

Results

Preliminary results indicate that LOVOT has improved the well-being of participants. Although the participants’ interest in LOVOT varies, the health care professionals report that some participants find great satisfaction interacting with LOVOT, describing LOVOT as a friend, and that LOVOT can provide comfort in stressed situations. Two LOVOTs were damaged by the participants during the study, indicating the importance of robust material in interventions with adults with autism and mental impairment.

Conclusions

Preliminary findings indicate that social robots can increase well-being among persons with autism and mental impairment.  Future care of persons with autism and mental impairment might benefit from the use of social robots as part of their care and quality of life.

Conflicts of Interest

None declared.