bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between a daily injury risk estimation feedback (I-REF) based on machine learning techniques and actual injury risk in athletics (track and field): protocol for a prospective cohort study over an athletics season
Authors: Dandrieux Pierre-Eddy , Navarro Laurent , Blanco David , Ruffault Alexis , Ley Christophe , Bruneau Antoine , Chapon Joris , Hollander Karsten , Edouard Pascal
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Two-thirds of athletes (65%) have at least one injury complaint leading to participation restriction (ICPR) in athletics (track and field) during one season. The emerging practice of medicine and public health supported by electronic processes and communication in sports medicine represents an opportunity for developing new injury risk reduction strategies. Modelling and predicting the risk of injury in real-time through artificial intelligence using machine learning techniques might represent an innovative injury risk reduction strategy. Thus, the primary aim of this study will be to analyse the relationship between the level ofInjuryRiskEstimationFeedback (I-REF) use (average score of athletes’ self-declared level of I-REF consideration for their athletics activity) and the ICPR burden during an athletics season.

Method and analysis

We will conduct a prospective cohort study, calledInjuryPrediction withArtificialIntelligence (IPredict-AI), over one 38-week athletics season (from September 2022 to July 2023) involving competitive athletics athletes licensed with theFrenchFederation ofAthletics. All athletes will be asked to complete daily questionnaires on their athletics activity, their psychological state, their sleep, the level of I-REF use and any ICPR. I-REF will present a daily estimation of the ICPR risk ranging from 0% (no risk for injury) to 100% (maximal risk for injury) for the following day. All athletes will be free to see I-REF and to adapt their athletics activity according to I-REF. The primary outcome will be the ICPR burden over the follow-up (over an athletics season), defined as the number of days lost from training and/or competition due to ICPR per 1000 hours of athletics activity. The relationship between ICPR burden and the level of I-REF use will be explored by using linear regression models.

Ethics and dissemination

This prospective cohort study was reviewed and approved by the Saint-Etienne University Hospital Ethical Committee (Institutional Review Board: IORG0007394, IRBN1062022/CHUSTE). Results of the study will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and in international scientific congresses, as well as to the included participants.
Qualitative study evaluating the expectations and experiences of Dutch parents of children with chronic gastrointestinal symptoms visiting their general practitioner
Authors: Ansems Sophie M , Ganzevoort Ilse N , van Tol Donald G , Fokkema Tryntsje , Olthof Marijke , Berger Marjolein Y , Holtman Gea A
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Chronic gastrointestinal symptoms are common among children and affect their daily activities and quality of life. The majority will be diagnosed with a functional gastrointestinal disorder. Effective reassurance and education are, therefore, key components of the physician’s management. Qualitative studies have shown how parents and children experience specialist paediatric care, yet less is known about general practitioners (GPs), who manage most cases in the Netherlands and have a more personal and enduring relationship with their patients. Therefore, this study evaluates the expectations and experiences of parents of children visiting a GP for chronic gastrointestinal symptoms.

Design

We conducted a qualitative interview study. Online interviews were audio and video recorded, transcribed verbatim and independently analysed by the first two authors. Data were collected and analysed concurrently until data saturation was reached. Using thematic analysis, we developed a conceptual framework reflecting respondent expectations and experiences. We performed a member check of the interview synopsis and the conceptual framework.

Setting

Dutch primary care.

Participants

We purposively sampled participants from a randomised controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of faecal calprotectin testing in children with chronic gastrointestinal complaints in primary care. Thirteen parents and two children participated.

Results

Three key themes emerged: disease burden, GP–patient relationship and reassurance. Often, the experienced disease burden and the pre-existing GP–patient relationship influenced expectations (eg, for further investigations or a sympathetic ear), and when a GP fulfilled these expectations, a trusting GP–patient relationship ensued that facilitated reassurance. We found that individual needs influenced these themes and their interrelationships.

Conclusion

Insights provided by this framework could help GPs managing children with chronic gastrointestinal symptoms in daily practice and may therewith improve the consultation experience for parents. Further research should evaluate whether this framework also holds true for children.

Trial registration number

NL7690.
Benefits and harms associated with an increase in gestational diabetes diagnosis in Queensland, Australia: a retrospective cohort comparison of diagnosis rates, outcomes, interventions and medication use for two periods, 2011–2013 and 2016–2018, using a large perinatal database
Authors: Hegerty Christopher , Ostini Remo
Published: May 2023

Objectives

To assess benefits and harms arising from increasing gestational diabetes (GDM) diagnosis, including for women with normal-sized babies.

Design, setting and participants

Diagnosis rates, outcomes, interventions and medication use are compared in a retrospective cohort study of 229 757 women birthing in public hospitals of the Australian State of Queensland during two periods, 2011–2013 and 2016–2018, using data from the Queensland Perinatal Data Collection.

Outcome measures

Comparisons include hypertensive disorders, caesarean section, shoulder dystocia and associated harm, induction of labour (IOL), planned birth (PB), early planned birth <39 weeks (EPB), spontaneous labour onset with vaginal birth (SLVB) and medication use.

Results

GDM diagnosis increased from 7.8% to 14.3%. There was no improvement in shoulder dystocia associated injuries, hypertensive disorders or caesarean sections. There was an increase in IOL (21.8%–30.0%; p<0.001), PB (36.3% to 46.0%; p<0.001) and EPB (13.5%–20.6%; p<0.001), and a decrease in SLVB (56.0%–47.3%; p<0.001). Women with GDM experienced an increase in IOL (40.9%–49.8%; p<0.001), PB (62.9% to 71.8%; p<0.001) and EPB (35.3%–45.7%; p<0.001), and a decrease in SLVB (30.01%–23.6%; p<0.001), with similar changes for mothers with normal-sized babies. Of women prescribed insulin in 2016–2018, 60.4% experienced IOL, 88.5% PB, 76.4% EPB and 8.0% SLVB. Medication use increased from 41.2% to 49.4% in women with GDM, from 3.2% to 7.1% in the antenatal population overall, from 3.3% to 7.5% in women with normal-sized babies and from 2.21% to 4.38% with babies less than the 10th percentile.

Conclusion

Outcomes were not apparently improved with increased GDM diagnosis. The merits of increased IOL or decreased SLVB depend on the views of individual women, but categorising more pregnancies as abnormal, and exposing more babies to the potential effects of early birth, medication effects and growth limitation may be harmful.
Investigating the sustainability of self-help programmes in the context of leprosy and the work of leprosy missions in Nigeria, Nepal and India: a qualitative study protocol
Authors: Choudhury Sopna , Ilozumba Onaedo , Darlong Joydeepa , Govindasamy Karthikeyan , Tsaku Paul A , Udo Sunday , Shrestha Dilip , Napit Indra B , Ugwu Linda , Meka Anthony , Sartori Jo , Griffiths Frances , Lilford Richard J
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Leprosy occurs among very poor people who may be stigmatised and pushed further to the margins of society. Programmes to improve social integration and stimulate economic development have been implemented to help break the vicious cycle of poverty, reduced quality of life and ulcer recurrence. These involve forming groups of people, with a common concern, to provide mutual support and form saving syndicates—hence the term ‘self-help groups’ (SHGs). While there is literature on the existence and effectiveness of SHGs during the funded periods, little is known about their sustainability. We aim to explore the extent to which SHG programme activities have continued beyond the funding period and record evidence of sustained benefits.

Methods and analysis

In India, Nepal and Nigeria, we identified programmes funded by international non-governmental organisations, primarily aimed at people affected by leprosy. In each case, financial and technical support was allocated for a predetermined period (up to 5 years).

We will review documents, including project reports and meeting minutes, and conduct semistructured interviews with people involved in delivery of the SHG programme, potential beneficiaries and people in the wider environment who may have been familiar with the programme. These interviews will gauge participant and community perceptions of the programmes and barriers and facilitators to sustainability. Data will be analysed thematically and compared across four study sites.

Ethics and dissemination

Approval was obtained from the University of Birmingham Biomedical and Scientific Research Ethics Committee. Local approval was obtained from: The Leprosy Mission Trust India Ethics Committee; Federal Capital Territory Health Research Ethics Committee in Nigeria and the Health Research Ethics Committee of Niger State Ministry of Health; University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital and the Nepal Health and Research Council. Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations and community engagement events through the leprosy missions.
Parenting app to support socio-emotional and cognitive development in early childhood: iterative codesign learnings from nine low-income and middle-income countries
Authors: Alam Mafruha , Hickie Ian B , Poulsen Adam , Ekambareshwar Mahalakshmi , Loblay Victoria , Crouse Jacob , Hindmarsh Gabrielle , Song Yun J C , Yoon Adam , Cha Grace , Wilson Chloe , Sweeney-Nash Madelaine , Troy Jakelin , LaMonica Haley M
Published: May 2023

Objective

Many children in low-income and middle-income countries are disadvantaged in achieving early developmental potential in childhood as they lack the necessary support from their surroundings, including from parents and caregivers. Digital technologies, such as smartphone apps, coupled with iterative codesign to engage end-users in the technology-delivered content development stages, can help overcome gaps in early child development (ECD). We describe the iterative codesign and quality improvement process that informs the development of content for theThrive by Five International Program, localised for nine countries in Asia and Africa.

Design

Between 2021 and 2022, an average of six codesign workshops in each country were conducted in Afghanistan, Indonesia, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya and Namibia.

Participants

A total of 174 parents and caregivers and 58 in-country subject matter experts participated and provided feedback to refine and inform the cultural appropriateness of theThrive by Fiveapp and its content. Detailed notes from the workshops and written feedback were coded and analysed using established thematic techniques.

Results

Four themes emerged from the codesign workshops: local realities, barriers to positive parenting, child development and lessons learnt about the cultural context. These themes, as well as various subthemes, informed content development and refinement. For example, childrearing activities were requested and developed to promote inclusion of families from diverse backgrounds, encourage best parenting practices, increase engagement of fathers in ECD, address parents’ mental well-being, educate children about cultural values and help bereaved children with grief and loss. Also, content that did not align with the laws or culture of any country were removed.

Conclusions

The iterative codesign process informed the development of a culturally relevant app for parents and caregivers of children in the early years. Further evaluation is required to assess user experience and impact in real world settings.
Geometrical and physical interpretation of the Levi-Civita spacetime in terms of the Komar mass density
Authors: Racskó Bence , Gergely László Á.
Published: May 2023

We revisit the interpretation of the cylindrically symmetric, static vacuum Levi-Civita metric, known in either Weyl, Einstein–Rosen, or Kasner-like coordinates. The Komar mass density of the infinite axis source arises through a suitable compactification procedure. The Komar mass density $$\mu _{K}$$

μ
K

calculated in Einstein–Rosen coordinates, when employed as the metric parameter, leads to a number of advantages. It eliminates double coverages of the parameter space, vanishes in flat spacetime and when small, it corresponds to the mass density of an infinite string. After a comprehensive analysis of the local and global geometry, we proceed with the physical interpretation of the Levi-Civita spacetime. First we show that the Newtonian gravitational force is attractive and its magnitude increases monotonically with all positive $$\mu _{K}$$

μ
K

, asymptoting to the inverse of the proper distance in the radial direction. Second, we reveal that the tidal force between nearby geodesics (hence gravity in the Einsteinian sense) attains a maximum at $$\mu _{K}=1/2$$

μ
K

=
1
/
2

and then decreases asymptotically to zero. Hence, from a physical point of view the Komar mass density of the Levi-Civita spacetime encompasses two contributions: Newtonian gravity and acceleration effects. An increase in $$\mu _{K}$$

μ
K

strengthens Newtonian gravity but also drags the field lines increasingly parallel, eventually transforming Newtonian gravity through the equivalence principle into a pure acceleration field and the Levi-Civita spacetime into a flat Rindler-like spacetime. In a geometric picture the increase of $$\mu _{K}$$

μ
K

from zero to $$\infty $$
∞
deforms the planar sections of the spacetime into ever deepening funnels, eventually degenerating into cylindrical topology in an appropriately chosen embedding.
External gauge field-coupled quantum dynamics: Gauge choices, Heisenberg algebra representations and gauge invariance in general, and the Landau problem in particular
Authors: Govaerts Jan
Published: May 2023

Even though its classical equations of motion are then left invariant, when an action is redefined by an additive total derivative or divergence term (in time, in the case of a mechanical system) such a transformation induces non-trivial consequences for the system’s canonical phase space formulation. This is even more true and then in more subtle ways for the canonically quantized dynamics, with, in particular, an induced transformation in the unitary configuration space representation of the Heisenberg algebra being used for the quantum system. When coupled to a background gauge field, such considerations become crucial for a proper understanding of the consequences for the system’s quantum dynamics of gauge transformations of that classical external background gauge field, while under such transformations, the system’s degrees of freedom, abstract quantum states and quantum dynamics are certainly strictly invariant. After a detailed analysis of these different points in a general context, these are then illustrated specifically in the case of the quantum Landau problem with its classical external background magnetic vector potential for which the most general possible parametrized gauge choice is implemented herein. The latter discussion aims as well to clarify some perplexing statements in the literature regarding the status of gauge choices to be made for the magnetic vector potential for that quantum system. The role of the global spacetime symmetries of the Landau problem and their gauge invariant Noether charges is then also emphasized.
On Tsirelson pairs of C*-algebras
Authors: Goldbring Isaac , Hart Bradd
Published: May 2023

We introduce the notion of a Tsirelson pair of C*-algebras, which is a pair of C*-algebras for which the space of quantum strategies obtained by using states on the minimal tensor product of the pair is dense in the space of quantum strategies obtained by using states on the maximal tensor product. We exhibit a number of examples of such pairs that are “nontrivial” in the sense that the minimal tensor product and the maximal tensor product of the pair are not isomorphic. For example, we prove that any pair containing a C*-algebra with Kirchberg’s QWEP property is a Tsirelson pair. We then introduce the notion of a C*-algebra with the Tsirelson property (TP) and establish a number of closure properties for this class. We also show that the class of C*-algebras with the TP forms an elementary class (in the sense of model theory), but that this class does not admit an effective axiomatization.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF MACHINING PARAMETERS IN WEDM OF ZrO2 AND SEASHELL POWDER-REINFORCED BIODEGRADABLE AZ31 Mg ALLOY COMPOSITE
Authors: SESHADHRI V. , SARALA R. , ALAGARSAMY S. V. , ILAIYA PERUMAL C.
Published: May 2023

In the current scenario, many researchers aspire to develop biodegradable material for biomedical implant applications. Magnesium (Mg)-based alloys are most promising materials since they have mechanical properties similar to human bone. In this study, Mg alloy AZ31 matrix was reinforced with a seashell powder (2[Formula: see text]wt.%) and zirconium dioxide (10[Formula: see text]wt.%) using bottom pouring stir casting furnace. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) images confirms the proper distribution of reinforcement throughout the matrix. This study analyzed the influence of WEDM process parameters for the material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR) of the proposed composite. According to Taguchi’s L9 (3[Formula: see text] orthogonal array the machining was performed to investigate the ideal machining parameters with a range of pulse current (I[Formula: see text] 6–8 amps, pulse-on time ([Formula: see text]) 5–15[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]s and pulse-off time ([Formula: see text] 10–30[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]s, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) result confirms that [Formula: see text] (45.86%) has the most influencing parameter affecting the MRR and SR, followed by [Formula: see text] (25.10%) and [Formula: see text] (17.19%), respectively. Furthermore, Technique for Order Preference by Similar Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and desirability approach was employed to find the optimal parameter combinations to attain the best combined output responses.
Analytical solutions to the pressureless Navier–Stokes equations with density-dependent viscosity coefficients
Authors: Dong Jianwei , Xue Hongxia , Zhang Qiao
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we construct a class of spherically symmetric and self-similar analytical solutions to the pressureless Navier–Stokes equations with density-dependent viscosity coefficients satisfying [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text]. Under the continuous density free boundary conditions imposed on the free surface, we investigate the large-time behavior of the solutions according to various [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. When the time grows up, such solutions exhibit interesting information: Case (i) If the free surface initially moves inward, then the free surface infinitely approaches to the symmetry center and the fluid density blows up at the symmetry center, or the free surface tends to an equilibrium state; Case (ii) If the free surface initially moves outward, then the free surface infinitely expands outward and the fluid density decays and tends to zero almost everywhere away from the symmetry center, or the free surface tends to an equilibrium state. We also study the large-time behavior of the solutions for [Formula: see text] without any boundary conditions.
Self-similar shrinking of supports and non-extinction for a nonlinear diffusion equation with spatially inhomogeneous strong absorption
Authors: Iagar Razvan Gabriel , Laurençot Philippe , Sánchez Ariel
Published: May 2023

We study the dynamics of the following porous medium equation with strong absorption [Formula: see text] posed for [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Considering the Cauchy problem with non-negative initial condition [Formula: see text], instantaneous shrinking and localization of supports for the solution [Formula: see text] at any [Formula: see text] are established. With the help of this property, existence and uniqueness of a non-negative compactly supported and radially symmetric forward self-similar solution with algebraic decay in time are proven. Finally, it is shown that finite time extinction does not occur for a wide class of initial conditions and this unique self-similar solution is the pattern for large time behavior of these general solutions.
Dark energy nature in logarithmic f(R,T) cosmology
Authors: Maurya Dinesh Chandra , Singh Jagat , Gaur Lalit Kumar
Published: May 2023

This research paper is an investigation of dark energy nature of logarithmic [Formula: see text]-gravity cosmology in a flat FLRW space–time universe. We have derived modified Einstein’s field equations for the function [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is the Ricci scalar curvature, [Formula: see text] is the trace of the stress energy momentum tensor, and [Formula: see text] is a model parameter. We have solved field equations in the form of two fluid scenarios as perfect fluid and dark fluid, where dark fluid term is derived in the form of perfect fluid source. We have made an observational constraint on the cosmological parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] using [Formula: see text] test with observational datasets like Pantheon sample of SNe Ia and [Formula: see text]. With these constraints, we have discussed our model with deceleration parameter [Formula: see text], energy parameters [Formula: see text], EoS parameter [Formula: see text], etc. Also, we have done Om diagnostic analysis. The derived [Formula: see text] model shows a quintessence dark energy model [Formula: see text] and late-time universe approaches to [Formula: see text] CDM model.
NET ZERO EMISSIONS OF GREENHOUSE GASES BY 2050: ACHIEVABLE AND AT WHAT COST?
Authors: MORRIS JENNIFER , CHEN Y.-H. HENRY , GURGEL ANGELO , REILLY JOHN , SOKOLOV ANDREI
Published: May 2023

About 140 countries have announced or are considering net zero targets. To explore the implications of such targets, we apply an integrated earth system–economic model to investigate illustrative net zero emissions scenarios. Given the technologies as characterized in our modeling framework, we find that with net zero targets afforestation in earlier years and biomass energy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) technology in later years are important negative emissions technologies, allowing continued emissions from hard-to-reduce sectors and sources. With the entire world achieving net zero by 2050 a very rapid scale-up of BECCS is required, increasing mitigation costs through mid-century substantially, compared with a scenario where some countries achieve net zero by 2050 while others continue some emissions in the latter half of the century. The scenarios slightly overshoot 1.5∘C at mid-century but are at or below 1.5∘C by 2100 with median climate response. Accounting for climate uncertainty, global achievement of net zero by 2050 essentially guarantees that the 1.5∘C target will be achieved, compared to having a 50–50 chance in the scenario without net zero. This indicates a tradeoff between policy costs and likelihood of achieving 1.5∘C.
Optical Alignment Method for the PRIME Telescope
Authors: Yama Hibiki , Suzuki Daisuke , Miyazaki Shota , Rakich Andrew , Yamawaki Tsubasa , Kirikawa Rintaro , Kondo Iona , Hirao Yuki , Koshimoto Naoki , Sumi Takahiro
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we describe the optical alignment method for the Prime-focus-Infrared Microlensing Experiment (PRIME) telescope which is a prime-focus near-infrared (NIR) telescope with a wide field of view for the microlensing planet survey toward the Galactic center that is the major task for the PRIME project. There are three steps for the optical alignment: preliminary alignment by a laser tracker, fine alignment by intra- and extra-focal (IFEF) image analysis technique, and complementary and fine alignment by the Hartmann test. We demonstrated that the first two steps work well by the test conducted in the laboratory in Japan. The telescope was installed at the Sutherland Observatory of South African Astronomical Observatory in August, 2022. At the final stage of the installation, we demonstrated that the third method works well and the optical system satisfies the operational requirement.
Advancing China–Africa Cooperation in the New Era: Achievements and Challenges
Authors: Zhou Yuyuan
Published: May 2023

China–Africa cooperation in recent years has been marked by two distinct trends, localization and internationalization, which have allowed a variety of actors and stakeholders to be part of Africa’s development story. But even as African development takes on more nongovernmental and multilateral characteristics, inadequate social participation and lack of coordination between major donor countries still pose significant challenges that must be addressed before localization and internationalization can help further boost aid effectiveness on the continent. The Forum on China–Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) as the premium platform for China–Africa cooperation holds great promise for advancing Africa’s economic, social, and human development, on the one hand, and forging closer multilateral coordination, on the other. In addition, a more complex geopolitical landscape has also underscored the forum’s strategic and practical value for top Chinese policymakers and their African counterparts, as both seek more predictable and productive relations to meet an increasing number of common challenges and are making new efforts to build a more open and inclusive FOCAC in order to advance the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and fulfill Beijing’s commitment to multilateralism and international cooperation.
What to Retain and What to Change in Asian Hand Surgery
Authors: TANG Jin Bo
Published: May 2023

Notice of Editorial Error - Tang JB. What to Retain and What to Change in Asian Hand Surgery. J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol. 2023 May 5. doi: 10.1142/S2424835523300013 .

The Journal of Hand Surgery Asian-Pacific Volume (JHS-AP) has rescinded the above paper from journal’s website. An edited version of this article has been previously published in the February 2023 issue (Tang JB. Towards Better Hand Surgery. J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol. 2023 Feb;28(1):1-4. doi: 10.1142/S2424835523400015 ). It was accidentally given a new DOI number in the article production process due to an editorial error.

The online version of the above paper (Tang JB. What to Retain and What to Change in Asian Hand Surgery. J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol. 2023 May 5. doi: 10.1142/S2424835523300013 ) has been removed from the JHS-AP webpage and all hosting service providers have been informed of this move.

The editors apologise for this error.
Outcomes of Linear Circumferential Skin Closure for Congenital Constriction Ring Syndrome
Authors: FURUKAWA Hiroshi , NAKAMURA Tomoyuki , WADA Akifusa , TAKAMURA Kazuyuki , YANAGIDA Haruhisa , YAMAGUCHI Toru
Published: May 2023

Background: Congenital constriction ring syndrome (CCRS) is a rare condition diagnosed at birth characterised by deformation due to a constriction ring. The usual treatment for CCRS involves excision of the constriction ring and suture of the skin incorporating a Z-plasty to prevent scar contracture. A Z-plasty often results in an unsightly scar. In order to avoid this, we performed linear circumferential skin closure (LCSC). The aim of this paper is to report the outcomes of LCSC for CCRS.

Methods: We retrospectively investigated all patients with CCRS who underwent LCSC between 2002 and 2020. Two linear incisions were placed proximal and distal to the constriction ring in parallel, and the constriction ring was excised carefully so as not to damage nerves or vessels. The deep subcutaneous and dermis layers were sutured. The skin was closed using adhesive tape. Two-stage surgery was performed in two patients with severe CCRS of the lower leg to avoid problems with distal circulation. Patients were followed up for at least 1 year and assessed for complications and quality of scar.

Results: We performed LCSC for 31 sites in 19 patients, including one forearm, 14 fingers, 10 lower legs and six toes. The median age at the operation was 16 months (range: 4–175). The median follow-up period after surgery was 5.8 years (range: 1.9–16.0). The linear surgical scar had healed well in all patients and there were no complications. There was no recurrence of the constriction ring and no scar hypertrophy, though we did not perform fat mobilisation in all cases. None of the patients required additional surgery and the aesthetic outcome of the linear circumferential surgical scar was maintained at the final observation.

Conclusions: Treatment for CCRS using LCSC resulted in no complications, no recurrence of constriction and an excellent aesthetic outcome.

Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic)
TechPat: Technical Phrase Extraction for Patent Mining
Authors: Liu Ye , Wu Han , Huang Zhenya , Wang Hao , Ning Yuting , Ma Jianhui , Liu Qi , Chen Enhong
Published: May 2023

In recent years, due to the explosive growth of patent applications, patent mining has drawn extensive attention and interest. An important issue of patent mining is that of recognizing the technologies contained in patents, which serves as a fundamental preparation for deeper analysis. To this end, in this article, we make a focused study on constructing a technology portrait for each patent, i.e., to recognize technical phrases concerned in it, which can summarize and represent patents from a technical perspective. Along this line, a critical challenge is how to analyze the unique characteristics of technical phrases and illustrate them with definite descriptions. Therefore, we first generate the detailed descriptions about the technical phrases existing in extensive patents based on different criteria, including various previous works, practical experience, and statistical analyses. Then, considering the unique characteristics of technical phrases and the complex structure of patent documents, such as multi-aspect semantics and multi-level relevances, we further propose a novel unsupervised model, namely TechPat, which can not only automatically recognize technical phrases from massive patents but also avoid the need for expensive human labeling. After that, we evaluate the extraction results from various aspects. Specifically, we propose a novel evaluation metric called Information Retrieval Efficiency (IRE) to quantify the performance of extracted technical phrases from a new perspective. Extensive experiments on real-world patent data demonstrate that the TechPat model can effectively discriminate technical phrases in patents and greatly outperform existing methods. We further apply extracted technical phrases to two practical application tasks, namely patent search and patent classification, where the experimental results confirm the wide application prospects of technical phrases. Finally, we discuss the generalization ability of our proposed methods.
Analytical Solutions for Unsteady Thin Film Flow with Internal Heating and Radiation
Authors: Naseer Ahsan Ali , Safdar Muhammad , Taj Safia , Ali Muhammad Umair , Zafar Amad , Kim Kwang Su , Byun Jong Hyuk
Published: May 2023

This study determines Lie point symmetries for differential equations that mathematically express a time-dependent thin film fluid flow with internal heating and thermal radiation to construct invariants. These invariants are used in the derivation of similarity transformations for reducing the flow equations into systems of equations that possess only one independent variable. The homotopy analysis method is employed to analytically solve the reduced system of equations. The new similarity transformations and the corresponding analytical solutions comprehensively consider flow dynamics and heat transfer under multiple physical conditions. These solutions are presented graphically to demonstrate the effects of variations in the radiative heat flux with internal heating on the flow dynamics and heat transfer properties. Moreover, the variations in fluid dynamics are described graphically using the obtained analytical homotopy solution under different values of the unsteadiness parameter and Prandtl number.
Self-Sovereign Identity for Consented and Content-Based Access to Medical Records Using Blockchain
Authors: Tcholakian Marie , Gorna Karolina , Laurent Maryline , Kaffel Ben Ayed Hella , Naghmouchi Montassar
Published: May 2023

Electronic health records (EHRs) and medical data are classified as personal data in every privacy law, meaning that any related service that includes processing such data must come with full security, confidentiality, privacy, and accountability. Solutions for health data management, as in storing it, sharing and processing it, are emerging quickly and were significantly boosted by the COVID-19 pandemic that created a need to move things online. EHRs make a crucial part of digital identity data, and the same digital identity trends—as in self-sovereign identity powered by decentralized ledger technologies like blockchain, are being researched or implemented in contexts managing digital interactions between health facilities, patients, and health professionals. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based solution enabling secure exchange of EHRs between different parties powered by a self-sovereign identity (SSI) wallet and decentralized identifiers. We also make use of a consortium IPFS network for off-chain storage and attribute-based encryption (ABE) to ensure data confidentiality and integrity. Through our solution, we grant users full control over their medical data and enable them to securely share it in total confidentiality over secure communication channels between user wallets using encryption. We also use DIDs for better user privacy and limit any possible correlations or identification by using pairwise DIDs. Overall, combining this set of technologies guarantees secure exchange of EHRs, secure storage, and management along with by-design features inherited from the technological stack.
Rice Bran Oil-Fueled IC Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics Improved by Nanoadditives
Authors: Renuraman J. , Yoganand K. , Arunraj P. V. , Subramanian M. , Ramaraj Elangomathavan
Published: May 2023

In day-to-day life, fossil fuels play an important role in transportation and power generation. The consumption of fossil fuels increasing rapidly with increase in emission from engines. Due to habituation over fossil fuel, both the economy and environment are suffering. The researchers are in the position to find the best alternative for fossil fuels. The employment of biodiesel is taken to be the classy replacement for this snag. According to scores of research, using additions of nanoparticle is the greatest way to control emissions and improve engine performance. Here the assessment was employed though rice bran (RB) oil, rice bran oil blended with aluminum oxide (RB Al2O3), and rice bran oil blended with cerium oxide (RB CeO2). Rice bran oil is extracted and converted into biodiesel by transesterification process. And the nanoadditives are prepared using the two-step method. The addition of nanoadditives showed an improved performance in the engine as well as emission parameters. The congruent assessment clearly demonstrates the improvement of brake thermal efficiency by around 28% for RB-Al2O3 and an improved brake-specific fuel of 16%. Both the blends exhibit good part loading traits.
Insights into the Epidemiology, Phylodynamics, and Evolutionary Changes of Lineage GI-7 Infectious Bronchitis Virus
Authors: Chen Libin , Jiang Weiwei , Wu Wanyan , Zhang Siyuan , Cai Juncheng , Lv Ting , Xiang Bin , Lin Qiuyan , Liao Ming , Ding Chan , Ren Tao
Published: May 2023

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is distributed worldwide and causes significant losses in the poultry industry. In recent decades, lineages GI-19 and GI-7 have become the most prevalent IBV strains in China. However, the molecular evolution and phylodynamics of the lineage GI-7 IBV strains remain largely unknown. In this study, we identified 19 IBV strains from clinical samples from January 2021 to June 2022 in China, including 12 strains of GI-19, 3 strains of GI-7, and 1 strain each of GI-1, GI-9, GI-13, and GI-28. These results indicated that lineages GI-19 and GI-7 IBVs are still the most prevalent IBVs in China. Here, we investigated the evolution and transmission dynamics of lineage GI-7 IBVs. Our results revealed that the Taiwan province might be the origin of lineage GI-7 IBVs and that South China plays an important role in the spread of IBV. Furthermore, we found low codon usage bias of the S1 gene in lineage GI-7 IBVs. This allowed IBV to replicate in the host during evolution as a result of reduced competition, mainly driven by natural selection and mutational pressure, where the role of natural selection is more prominent. Collectively, our results reveal the genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics of lineage GI-7 IBVs, which could assist in the prevention and control of viral infection.
Supplementary Data: Figures S1-S6 and Tables S1-S6 from Inferred Immune-Cell Activity Is an Independent Predictor of HER2-Negative Breast Cancer Prognosis and Response to Paclitaxel-Based Therapy in the GeparSepto Trial
Authors: Fasching Peter A. , Szeto Christopher , Denkert Carsten , Benz Stephen , Weber Karsten , Spilman Patricia , Budczies Jan , Schneeweiss Andreas , Stickeler Elmar , Schmatloch Sabine , Jackisch Christian , Karn Thomas , Sinn Hans Peter , Warm Mathias , van Mackelenbergh Marion , Rabizadeh Shahrooz , Schem Christian , Heinmöller Ernst , Mueller Volkmar , Marmé Frederik , Soon-Shiong Patrick , Nekljudova Valentina , Untch Michael , Loibl Sibylle
Published: May 2023

G7 trial design; demographics; tissue types; gene names; displayed data from additional analyses; statistical data
Supplementary Table 3 from RAD51 Foci as a Biomarker Predictive of Platinum Chemotherapy Response in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Compadre Amanda J. , van Biljon Lillian N. , Valentine Mark C. , Llop-Guevara Alba , Graham Emily , Fashemi Bisiayo , Herencia-Ropero Andrea , Kotnik Emilee N. , Cooper Isaac , Harrington Shariska P. , Kuroki L Lindsay M. , McCourt Carolyn K. , Hagemann Andrea R. , Thaker Premal H. , Mutch David G. , Powell Matthew A. , Sun Lulu , Mosammaparast Nima , Serra Violeta , Zhao Peinan , Lomonosova Elena , Khabele Dineo , Mullen Mary M.
Published: May 2023

Patient characteristics of patient-derived ovarian cancer organoids
Supplementary Figures S1-S7 from Novel BCL-2 Inhibitor Lisaftoclax in Relapsed or Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Other Hematologic Malignancies: First-in-Human Open-Label Trial
Authors: Ailawadhi Sikander , Chen Zi , Huang Bo , Paulus Aneel , Collins Mary C. , Fu Lei (Tommy) , Li Mingyu , Ahmad Mohammad , Men Lichuang , Wang Hengbang , Davids Matthew S. , Liang Eric , Mekala Divya J. , He Zhicong , Lasica Masa , Yannakou Costas K. , Parrondo Ricardo , Glass Laura , Yang Dajun , Chanan-Khan Asher , Zhai Yifan
Published: May 2023

These are all the Supplementary Figures: S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, and S7
Data from Inferred Immune-Cell Activity Is an Independent Predictor of HER2-Negative Breast Cancer Prognosis and Response to Paclitaxel-Based Therapy in the GeparSepto Trial
Authors: Fasching Peter A. , Szeto Christopher , Denkert Carsten , Benz Stephen , Weber Karsten , Spilman Patricia , Budczies Jan , Schneeweiss Andreas , Stickeler Elmar , Schmatloch Sabine , Jackisch Christian , Karn Thomas , Sinn Hans Peter , Warm Mathias , van Mackelenbergh Marion , Rabizadeh Shahrooz , Schem Christian , Heinmöller Ernst , Mueller Volkmar , Marmé Frederik , Soon-Shiong Patrick , Nekljudova Valentina , Untch Michael , Loibl Sibylle
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurpose:
Tumor microenvironment (TME) immune markers have been correlated with both response to neoadjuvant therapy and prognosis in patients with breast cancer. Here, immune-cell activity of breast cancer tumors was inferred by expression-based analysis to determine if it is prognostic and/or predictive of response to neoadjuvant paclitaxel-based therapy in the GeparSepto (G7) trial (NCT01583426).
Experimental Design:
Pre-study biopsies from 279 patients with HER2-negative breast cancer in the G7 trial underwent RNA-seq-based profiling of 104 immune-cell-specific genes to assess inferred Immune Cell Activity (iICA) of 23 immune-cell types. Hierarchical clustering was used to classify tumors as iICA “hot,” “warm,” or “cold” by comparison of iICA in the G7 cohort relative to that of 1,467 samples from a tumor database established by Nantomics LLC. Correlations between iICA cluster, pathology-assessed tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), and hormone receptor (HR) status for pathologic complete response (pCR), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) were determined.
Results:
iICA cluster correlated with TIL levels. The highest pCR rates were observed in hot cluster tumors, and those with relatively higher TILs. Greater inferred activity of several T-cell types was significantly associated with pCR and survival. DFS and OS were prolonged in patients with hot or warm cluster tumors, the latter particularly for HR negative tumors, even if TILs were relatively low.
Conclusions:
Overall, TIL level better predicted pCR, but iICA cluster better predicted survival. Differences in associations between TILs, cluster, pCR, and survival were observed for HR-positive tumors versus HR-negative tumors, suggesting expanded study of the implication of these findings is warranted.
Data from RAD51 Foci as a Biomarker Predictive of Platinum Chemotherapy Response in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Compadre Amanda J. , van Biljon Lillian N. , Valentine Mark C. , Llop-Guevara Alba , Graham Emily , Fashemi Bisiayo , Herencia-Ropero Andrea , Kotnik Emilee N. , Cooper Isaac , Harrington Shariska P. , Kuroki L Lindsay M. , McCourt Carolyn K. , Hagemann Andrea R. , Thaker Premal H. , Mutch David G. , Powell Matthew A. , Sun Lulu , Mosammaparast Nima , Serra Violeta , Zhao Peinan , Lomonosova Elena , Khabele Dineo , Mullen Mary M.
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurpose:
To determine the ability of RAD51 foci to predict platinum chemotherapy response in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) patient-derived samples.
Experimental Design:
RAD51 and γH2AX nuclear foci were evaluated by immunofluorescence in HGSOC patient-derived cell lines (n = 5), organoids (n = 11), and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples (discovery n = 31, validation n = 148). Samples were defined as RAD51-High if >10% of geminin-positive cells had ≥5 RAD51 foci. Associations between RAD51 scores, platinum chemotherapy response, and survival were evaluated.
Results:
RAD51 scores correlated with in vitro response to platinum chemotherapy in established and primary ovarian cancer cell lines (Pearson r = 0.96, P = 0.01). Organoids from platinum-nonresponsive tumors had significantly higher RAD51 scores than those from platinum-responsive tumors (P < 0.001). In a discovery cohort, RAD51-Low tumors were more likely to have a pathologic complete response (RR, 5.28; P < 0.001) and to be platinum-sensitive (RR, ∞; P = 0.05). The RAD51 score was predictive of chemotherapy response score [AUC, 0.90; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.78–1.0; P < 0.001). A novel automatic quantification system accurately reflected the manual assay (92%). In a validation cohort, RAD51-Low tumors were more likely to be platinum-sensitive (RR, ∞; P < 0.001) than RAD51-High tumors. Moreover, RAD51-Low status predicted platinum sensitivity with 100% positive predictive value and was associated with better progression-free (HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.33–0.85; P < 0.001) and overall survival (HR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.25–0.75; P = 0.003) than RAD51-High status.
Conclusions:
RAD51 foci are a robust marker of platinum chemotherapy response and survival in ovarian cancer. The utility of RAD51 foci as a predictive biomarker for HGSOC should be tested in clinical trials.
Supplementary Tables S1-S8 from Late-Stage Metastatic Melanoma Emerges through a Diversity of Evolutionary Pathways
Authors: Spain Lavinia , Coulton Alexander , Lobon Irene , Rowan Andrew , Schnidrig Desiree , Shepherd Scott T.C. , Shum Benjamin , Byrne Fiona , Goicoechea Maria , Piperni Elisa , Au Lewis , Edmonds Kim , Carlyle Eleanor , Hunter Nikki , Renn Alexandra , Messiou Christina , Hughes Peta , Nobbs Jaime , Foijer Floris , van den Bos Hilda , Wardenaar Rene , Spierings Diana C.J. , Spencer Charlotte , Schmitt Andreas M. , Tippu Zayd , Lingard Karla , Grostate Lauren , Peat Kema , Kelly Kayleigh , Sarker Sarah , Vaughan Sarah , Mangwende Mary , Terry Lauren , Kelly Denise , Biano Jennifer , Murra Aida , Korteweg Justine , Lewis Charlotte , O'Flaherty Molly , Cattin Anne-Laure , Emmerich Max , Gerard Camille L. , Pallikonda Husayn Ahmed , Lynch Joanna , Mason Robert , Rogiers Aljosja , Xu Hang , Huebner Ariana , McGranahan Nicholas , Al Bakir Maise , Murai Jun , Naceur-Lombardelli Cristina , Borg Elaine , Mitchison Miriam , Moore David A. , Falzon Mary , Proctor Ian , Stamp Gordon W.H. , Nye Emma L. , Young Kate , Furness Andrew J.S. , Pickering Lisa , Stewart Ruby , Mahadeva Ula , Green Anna , Larkin James , Litchfield Kevin , Swanton Charles , Jamal-Hanjani Mariam , Turajlic Samra
Published: May 2023

S. Table 1: List of PEACE Consortium members.
S. Table 2: Sample database used for the study for Panel, Exome and RNASeq samples.
S. Table 3: Overview of lines of treatment given to each patient.
S. Table 4: Lesions and patients included in the lesion-level response to ICI analysis.
S. Table 5: Hallmark genesets significantly upregulated in normal tissue vs tumor tissue. Table shows p-values for tissue type, purity; T value for tissue type, purity; q-value for tissue type, purity (FDR corrected).
S. Table 6: Hallmark genesets significantly upregulated in tumor tissue vs normal tissue. Table shows p-values for tissue type, purity; T value for tissue type, purity; q-value for tissue type, purity (FDR corrected).
S. Table 7: Genes included in the target panel.
S. Table 8: Tree topology comparisons between manually constructed trees and pairtree-constructed trees.
Supplementary Table S5 from Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Unifies Developmental Programs of Esophageal and Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia
Authors: Nowicki-Osuch Karol , Zhuang Lizhe , Cheung Tik Shing , Black Emily L. , Masqué-Soler Neus , Devonshire Ginny , Redmond Aisling M. , Freeman Adam , di Pietro Massimilliano , Pilonis Nastazja , Januszewicz Wladyslaw , O'Donovan Maria , Tavaré Simon , Shields Jacqueline D. , Fitzgerald Rebecca C.
Published: May 2023

This table contains details of mutations identified in WGS of E-GM samples.
Supplementary Table S3 from Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Unifies Developmental Programs of Esophageal and Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia
Authors: Nowicki-Osuch Karol , Zhuang Lizhe , Cheung Tik Shing , Black Emily L. , Masqué-Soler Neus , Devonshire Ginny , Redmond Aisling M. , Freeman Adam , di Pietro Massimilliano , Pilonis Nastazja , Januszewicz Wladyslaw , O'Donovan Maria , Tavaré Simon , Shields Jacqueline D. , Fitzgerald Rebecca C.
Published: May 2023

This table contains marker genes identified in the pairwise comparison of clusters defined as columnar cells.