bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract WP7: Early Neurological Improvement With First Pass Effect is More Common in Early Window Endovascular Intervention for Emergent Large Vessel Occlusion
Authors: Handshoe Lacy S , Mulpur Bhageeradh , Andrapalliyal Nirmal , Uchino Ken , Hussain Muhammad
Published: June 2021

Background:
First pass effect (FPE), defined as complete reperfusion within one procedural pass during endovascular therapy, is associated with higher rates of a favorable clinical outcome. We aimed to see if early neurological improvement (ENI) associated with FPE differs between early and late window thrombectomy.

Methods:
We reviewed consecutive acute ischemic strokes that underwent mechanical thrombectomy at a comprehensive stroke center from January 2016 through December 2018. Two patient groups were established: early (
<
6 hours from onset) and late (> 6 hours from onset) window intervention groups who achieved FPE. Baseline characteristics were collected and the presence of ENI was defined as >40% reduction of NIH Stroke Scale score from pre-procedure to next-day. We compared frequencies of ENI within the two time window groups.

Results:
Of 285 patients who underwent intervention, 116 had early interventions and 151 had late interventions. The overall frequency of FPE in the two time windows was not different (37.9% early and 30.5% late, p=0.2). However, FPE in the early group was associated with ENI in 33/41 (80.48%) cases compared to 25/44 (56.81%) cases in the late group (
p
= 0.019). The early intervention group was 3.14 times as likely as the late group to achieve ENI with first pass recanalization (95% Confidence Interval, 1.18-8.32)

Conclusion:
First pass effect achieves early neurologic improvement more often in early window endovascular intervention compared to late window interventions.
Abstract WP70: Reperfusion Therapy in Posterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusion With Perfusion Deficits May Be Safe and Improve Outcomes Beyond 4.5 Hours
Authors: Reddy Sujan Teegala , Parsha Kaushik , Pujara Deep , Sitton Clark , Savitz Sean , Sarraj Amrou
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Whether reperfusion therapy is safe and efficacious in acute ischemic strokes (AIS) due to posterior circulation large vessel occlusions (PCLVO) beyond 4.5 hrs is unknown.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of AIS due to PCLVO presenting to a comprehensive stroke center up to 24 hrs from last known well. Patients were stratified based on the treatment received into reperfusion therapy (IV-tPA and/or endovascular thrombectomy) and no reperfusion therapy. All patients received CT/CTA and CT perfusion with RAPID mismatch determination. Functional independence (90 day mRS 0-2) and sICH were primary and secondary outcomes. The two groups were compared in the overall cohort in an ordinal logistic regression and in a propensity matched analyses.

Results:
Between 8/2017 and 5/2019, 52 patients were included [reperfusion
=
23(44%) vs no-reperfusion=29(56%)]. Reperfusion rate beyond 4.5 hours was 26% (6/23). The two groups were similar at baseline except for larger perfusion delays (Tmax>6s) volume [median (IQR), 16 (0, 46) vs. 0 (0, 25) cc, p=0.03], and higher presentation NIHSS [median (IQR), 10 (5, 21) vs. 4 (1, 8), p=0.004] in the reperfusion group. Reperfusion was associated with higher functional independence rates 10 (43%) vs. 8 (28%), p=0.23 (fig 1), and a trend for a shift towards better outcomes adj cOR 1.89, 95% CI=0.59-6.13, p=0.29. There was no difference in sICH rates 9% vs. 0%, P=0.19. In a propensity matched analysis on NIHSS and perfusion deficit of 14 pairs, reperfusion was associated with statistically significant higher mRS 0-2 rates 9 (64%) vs. 1 (7%), p=0.004 (fig 2). Functional independence rates did not differ in the reperfusion group in relation to time (47% <4.5 hrs vs. 33%≥4.5 hrs), p=0.36 for heterogeneity.

Conclusion:
PCLVOs with more severe strokes and large perfusion deficits were more likely to receive reperfusion which was associated with a shift towards better outcomes both earlier and beyond 4.5 hours without worsening safety outcomes.
Abstract WP71: Gradient of Tissue Injury on Diffusion Tensor Imaging After Stroke: Rethinking the Infarct vs Non-infarcted Dichotomy
Authors: Ng Felix , Venkatraman Vijay , Parsons Mark , Bivard Andrew , Sharma Gagan , Churilov Leonid , Desmond Patricia , Davis Stephen , Yassi Nawaf , Campbell Bruce
Published: June 2021

Objective:
To evaluate the degree of variability in microstructural injury within and adjacent to regions identified as infarcted tissue using Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI).

Methods:
Perfusion CT was performed in 18 patients within 12 hours of ischemic stroke onset followed by Fluid-attenuated Inversion recovery (FLAIR) and DTI one month after stroke. Four regions of interest (ROIs) corresponding to the severity of hypoperfusion on CT perfusion within and beyond the radiological infarct lesion defined on FLAIR were segmented. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were quantified for each ROI and compared to a mirror homologue in the contralateral hemisphere. Ipsilateral to contralateral FA and MD ratios were compared across ROIs.

Results:
Lower FA and higher MD values were observed within both the infarct lesion and the peri-infarct tissue compared with their homologous contralateral brain regions (all comparisons p≤0.01). No difference was observed in FA and MD between remote non-hypoperfused tissue and its contralateral homologous region (FA p=0.42, MD p≥0.99). The magnitude of asymmetry (ipsilateral/contralateral ratios) of FA and MD was greater with increasing severity of hypoperfusion in a dose-response pattern. Asymmetry greatest in the area of infarction with severe hypoperfusion, followed by infarction with moderate hypoperfusion, the peri-infarct hypoperfused tissue and lastly the remote non-hypoperfused normal tissue (median on clustered quantile regression p≤0.01).

Conclusion:
A gradient of microstructural injury corresponding to the severity of ischemic insult is present within and beyond conventionally-defined infarct boundaries. The traditional dichotomized notion of infarcted versus non-infarcted tissue widely adopted in clinical research and in practice warrants re-examination.
Abstract WP73: Automatic Classification of Clinical MRI Stroke Datasets With a Recurrent Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Liu Yichuan , Hancock Brandon L , Hoang Tri , Etherton Mark R , Mocking Steven J , McIntosh Elissa C , Irie Robert E , Bouts Mark J , Broderick Joseph P , Cole John W , Donahue Kathleen L , Giese Anne-Katrin , Giralt-Steinhauer Eva , Jimenez-Conde Jordi , Jern Christina , Kittner Steven J , Kleindorfer Dawn , Lemmens Robin , McArdle Patrick F , Meschia James F , Lindgren Arne G , Rosand Jonathan , Rundek Tatjana , Sacco Ralph L , Schirmer Markus D , Schmidt Reinhold , Sharma Pankaj , Slowik Agnieszka , Thijs Vincent , Wasselius Johan , Worrall Bradford B , Rost Natalia S , Wu Ona
Published: June 2021

Background:
Fundamental advances in stroke care will require pooling imaging phenotype data from multiple centers, to complement the current aggregation of genomic, environmental, and clinical information. Sharing clinically acquired MRI data from multiple hospitals is challenging due to inherent heterogeneity of clinical data, where the same MRI series may be labeled differently depending on vendor and hospital. Furthermore, the de-identification process may remove data describing the MRI series, requiring human review. However, manually annotating the MRI series is not only laborious and slow but prone to human error. In this work, we present a recurrent convolutional neural network (RCNN) for automated classification of the MRI series.

Methods:
We randomly selected 1000 subjects from the MRI-GENetics Interface Exploration study and partitioned them into 800 training, 100 validation and 100 testing subjects. We categorized the MRI series into 24 groups (see Table). The RCNN used a modified AlexNet to extract features from 2D slices. AlexNet was pretrained on ImageNet photographs. Since clinical MRI are 3D and 4D, a gated recurrent unit neural network was used to aggregate information from multiple 2D slices to make the final prediction.

Results:
We achieved a classification accuracy (correct/total cases) of 99.8%, 98.5% and 97.5% on the training, validation and testing set, respectively. The averaged F1-score (percent overlap between predicted cases and actual cases) over all categories were 99.8% 98.2% and 94.4% on the training, validation and testing set.

Conclusion:
We showed that automated annotation of MRI series by repurposing deep-learning techniques used for photographic image recognition tasks is feasible. Such methods can be used to facilitate high throughput curation of MRI data acquired across multiple centers and enable scientifically productive collaboration by researchers and, ultimately enhancing big data stroke research.
Abstract WP8: Procedural Times and First Pass Tici-3 With Direct Aspiration vs Retrievable Stents vs for Treatment of Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Podlasek Anna , Jewett Gordon , Shahein Ayman , Goyal Mayank , Almekhlafi Mohammed A
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Randomized trials of direct aspiration (ADAPT) vs retrievable stent (RS) did not show a difference in 90-day outcomes. We searched existing literature for differences in reperfusion times and success between the two techniques.

Methods:
We performed a systematic review to identify relevant articles in electronic databases and references. Studies comparing ADAPT vs RS and reporting the procedural details and outcomes were included. Random-effect meta-analysis was performed to compare the procedural duration and outcomes.

Results:
We screened 8578 abstracts and 864 full-text articles. Analysis of 16 studies (2182 ADAPT and 2786 RS patients) reveals no difference in procedural time (D=-5.37 min shorter with ADAPT, 95% CI -19.78 to 9.04; p=0.46), successful reperfusion rate defined as TICI 2b or higher (OR=1.38 in favour of RS, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.96; p=0.07), first pass TICI3 rates (OR=1.29 in favour of RS, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.82; p=0.14) and number of device passes (OR=0.03, 95% CI -0.18 to 0.24; p=0.79). Good functional outcome was also similar (OR=0.89, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.02; p=0.08), as mortality (RR=1.07, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.2; p=0.28), and ICH (RR=1.23, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.52; p=0.06)

Conclusions:
Existing endovascular techniques appear equally efficient in current literature.

Fig. 1. OR forest plot of for successful reperfusion.

Fig. 2. Mean D forest plot for groin to reperfusion time.
Abstract WP80: Thrombus Imaging Characteristics and Association With Functional Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Endovascular Treatment
Authors: Tang David K , Ng Zhi-Xuan , Yeo Joshua , Tan Benjamin Y , Chua Christopher Y , Sunny Sibi , Chia Magdalene L , Wong Lily Y , Widjaja Louis , Gopinathan Anil , Yang Cunli , Chan Bernard P , Teoh Hock Luen , Seet Raymond C , Paliwal Prakash R , Sharma Vijay K , Yeo Leonard L
Published: June 2021

Background:
Intracranial thrombus characteristics on computed tomography angiography (CTA) in patients undergoing endovascular therapy (ET) for anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (LVO) acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has been shown to be useful in prognosticating functional outcomes. We establish if thrombus characteristics on non-contrast computed tomography (CT) scans and CTA were associated with clinical outcomes.

Methods:
We included 257 patients with anterior circulation LVO AIS from our Hyper-Acute Stroke Thrombolysis and Endovascular (HASTEN) registry treated at our tertiary academic institution from 2014-2018. We evaluated associations of patient’s characteristics and thrombus imaging characteristics with patients’ functional outcomes, scored with the modified Rankin Scale (MRS) at 3 months. Imaging characteristics were assessed on CT and CTA. Patient characteristics included age, presence of co-morbidities, initial NIHSS and ASPECTS. Thrombus characteristics included presence of hyperdense middle cerebral artery (MCA) sign, CT dense MCA length, CTA location and length of thrombus, CTA clot burden score (CBS) and recanalization status (mTICI). A good functional outcome was defined as patients who achieved an MRS of 0-2 at 3 months.

Results:
Patient characteristics associated with good functional outcomes were younger age, absence of diabetes mellitus, lower NIHSS, higher ASPECTS and successful recanalization measured by a mTICI 2b/3 (Table 1). Thrombus characteristics associated with good functional outcomes were a shorter CT dense MCA length and a higher CTA CBS (Table 1). Of note, presence of a hyperdense MCA sign on CT and CTA thrombus length were not significantly associated with good functional outcomes.

Conclusions:
In patients with anterior circulation LVO AIS, a shorter CT dense MCA length and a higher CTA CBS were associated with good functional outcomes, and may aid in improving patient selection.
Abstract WP81: Ct Perfusion is Highly Sensitive for Identifying Site of Anterior Circulation and Pca Large Vessel Occlusions
Authors: Li Yangchun , Chen Stephanie H , Saini Vasu , Peterson Eric , Starke Robert M , Yavagal Dileep
Published: June 2021

Background:
While CT angiography is the standard tool to identify the site of large vessel occlusion (LVO) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS), CTP may be confirmatory or facilitate identification of the occluded vessel especially in distal LVOs. This study aims to examine the utility of CTP in localizing the site of intracranial large vessel occlusions (LVOs).

Method:
We reviewed our prospective database of all patients between January 2017 and July 2019 who underwent CTP for suspected AIS. Vascular territories with perfusion abnormalities were recorded. Reference standard for occlusion was defined as confirmed LVO by CTA or digital substraction angiogram (DSA). CTP results were deemed true positive when the identified area with perfusion abnormality was the same as or overlapped with the territory of the occluded vessel on CTA/DSA.

Result:
We identified 280 stroke alert patients with median NIHSS 11. LVOs were confirmed in 155 patients, of whom 146 showed corresponding perfusion abnormality (sensitivity 94.2%), and 129 with ischemic penumbra. CT perfusion was highly sensitive for occlusions in the MCA (sensitivity 95.7%, 111/116), ICA (100%, 21/21), and PCA (100%, 10/10). CTP only identified 2 of 5 (40%) basilar artery occlusions. CTP sensitivity was 97.2% (69/71), 97.5% (39/40), and 60% (3/5) for occlusions at M1, M2, and M3, respectively. Of the 125 patients who did not have LVO, 54 had falsely positive CT perfusion studies (41 with penumbra) due to stenotic processes, microvascular ischemia, chronic infarcts, or artifacts. In this cohort, 90 patients underwent mechanical thrombectomy, all with confirmed LVOs. 86/90 thrombectomy recipients (95.6%) had perfusion penumbra on initial imaging. Of the remaining 4 thrombectomy recipients who did not demonstrate perfusion mismatch on CTP, 3 had basilar occlusions.

Conclusion:
CTP is highly sensitive for identifying the site of LVO in the ICA, MCA, and PCA and may be particularly useful in cases of difficult to detect LVOs particularly in M2 and PCA vessels. However, the low specificity of CTP continues to emphasize the importance of correlation with CTA and clinical findings.
Abstract WP83: Validation of a Relative Non-Contrast CT Map to Detect Early Ischemic Changes in Acute Stroke
Authors: McCullough-Hicks Margy E , Christensen Soren , Srivatsan Aditya , Albers Gregory W , Lansberg Maarten
Published: June 2021

Background:
Discerning signs of early infarct on the non-contrast CT (NCCT) can be difficult. To facilitate interpretation of the NCCT we previously developed a technique to generate symmetry ratio maps of the NCCT (rNCCT maps) on which subtle (≥5%) differences in density between symmetric brain regions are enhanced. We sought to validate the rNCCT map against other measures of early infarction in a large cohort.

Methods:
rNCCT maps were generated for 146 ischemic stroke patients. We assessed how often a neurologist’s interpretation of the NCCT was changed when provided with the rNCCT map. The neurologist was blinded to CTP and DWI but was given the infarct hemisphere. In addition, using the 24-hour DWI as the gold standard, we assessed the sensitivity, specificity and volumetric accuracy of the rNCCT-defined infarct core and compared this to the test characteristics of CTP-defined infarct core (CBF<38% threshold).

Results:
Addition of rNCCT overlay map changed clinician’s initial read 64.4% of the time (95% CI 56-72%); the rNCCT identified new areas of ischemia not appreciated on blinded review 86.2% of the time (95% CI 78-92%) and in 35.1% helped rule out early ischemia where the reader was unsure of its presence (95% CI 26-45%). In the 53 patients with reperfusion and follow-up MRI, specificity of rNCCT for final lesion volume was 99.5% for rNCCT [98.5-99.8%] vs. 99.8% [IQR 98.8-99.9%] for CTP (P=0.08). Sensitivity for rNCCT was 19.9% [7.1-28.1%] vs. 17.5% [4.7-32.2%] for CTP (P=0.56).

Conclusions:
This study validates the rNCCT map for detection of early ischemic changes. It is more quantitative and objective than a clinician’s read of the NCCT alone. The sensitivity and specificity for detecting early ischemic changes on rNCCT were comparable to those achieved with CTP. This indicates that the rNCCT could be a valuable tool in the evaluation of acute stroke patients.
Abstract WP99: Reversible VWF Inhibitor Reduces Stroke Volumes Compared to TPA in Canine Model of Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke
Authors: Anderson Cole , Huttinger Allly , Wheeler Debra , Lee Catherine , Gnyawali Surya , Mandybur Ian , Joseph Matthew , Sullenger Bruce , Nimjee Shahid M
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) is a glycoprotein critical to initiate, propagate and stabilize an occlusive thrombus seen in a significant segment of large vessel occlusion stroke as well as during neuroendovascular procedures, which approach 15% despite using heparin. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is the only drug approved to treat ischemic stroke despite poor recanalization rates (~10%), significant risk of intracranial hemorrhage and lack of reversibility.

Hypothesis:
An antidote-controlled RNA aptamer targeting VWF will significantly reduce stroke volume in a canine model of large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke.

Methods:
We developed an RNA aptamer DTRI-031 and a matched reversal agent. A canine model of basilar artery occlusion (BAO) stroke was used to assess DTRI-031 efficiency in thromboembolic stroke compared to rtPA and vehicle control in vivo. Laser speckle imaging (LSI) and digital subtraction angiography (DSI) was used to study the microvasculature after BAO and subsequent treatment with DTRI-031, rtPA or negative control. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to assess stroke volume and platelet aggregometry was used to assess platelet function during the experiment.

Results:
Botrocetin-induced aggregometry demonstrated >95% inhibition compared to rtPA and negative control (p<0.0001) (n=6 per group). Laser speckle imaging demonstrated improved revascularization and MRI demonstrated the lowest stroke volume in DTRI-031-treated dogs compared to rtPA and negative control (p<0.05).

Conclusions:
DTRI-031 demonstrated superior recanalization, reduced stroke burden and robust platelet inhibition in the setting of LVO stroke compared to rtPA. These findings suggest that this drug-antidote combination targeting VWF may represent a superior treatment paradigm in stroke ischemic stroke and as well as in acute thrombosis in neurointerventional procedures.
Becoming an Ex: Dynamics of Disengagement from Egypt’s Muslim Brotherhood after 2011
Authors: Menshawy Mustafa , Al-Anani Khalil
Published: June 2021

This article explores the disengagement of members from Egypt’s Muslim Brotherhood. Following both the 2011 uprising and the 2013 coup, increasing disenchantment with the group’s ideology and political project have led many members to reconsider their commitment to, and membership in, the Brotherhood. While scholarship examining the Brotherhood’s processes of recruitment and forming of collective identity is burgeoning, few works have assessed members’ disengagement from the movement and abandonment of its ideology, or how former members make sense of their “ex” identity. Based on rich, original material and extensive interviews with former Brotherhood members in Egypt, Turkey, the UK, and Qatar, this article investigates how former members seek new meanings and identities. Adopting a processual and discursive perspective on disengagement from the Brotherhood, we identify disengagement as consisting of distinct ideological, political, and affective processes. These processes shape individuals’ strategies for exiting the Brotherhood and forming their new identities as ex-members.
Alpinia laosensis, the correct name for a species previously misidentified as A. conchigera
Authors: YE XING-ER , NGUYEN KHANG SINH , SOUVANNAKHOUMMANE KEOOUDONE , NGUYEN QUOC BINH , CHEN JUAN
Published: June 2021

Alpinia laosensis was previously placed in synonymy under A. conchigera. However, a critical examination of herbarium specimens (including type material) and living plants of A. laosensis and A. conchigera reveals that they are two separate species. Alpinia laosensis can be distinguished from A. conchigera by the shape of its fruits, shape and size of leaves and colour of labellum. We therefore reinstate A. laosensis as an independent species. A detailed description of A. laosensis together with a distribution map of both species are provided.
Systematics studies in Pliniinae (Myrtaceae) necessitate two new combinations in Eugenia (Myrtaceae)
Authors: STADNIK ALINE , CALDAS DIANA K. D. , SOUZA MARCELO C. , LUCAS EVE J. , BAUMGRATZ JOSÉ FERNANDO A. , ROQUE NÁDIA
Published: June 2021

Although Eugenia and Plinia genera belong to different subtribes in Myrteae (Myrtaceae), shared morphological features have led to frequent mistaken identity to these species. Molecular phylogeny and morphological studies in Plinia show that Plinia martinellii and Plinia sebastianopolitana should be combined within the generic concept of Eugenia. In addition, two synonymizations under Plinia sebastianopolitana and one under Plinia martinellii are proposed. Commentary on these nnomenclatural adjustments, as well as on morphological and geographical data related to the evolution of these lineages is also provided.
Re-evaluation and typification of Foeniculum piperitum (Apiaceae), an underknown medicinal plant and crop wild relative
Authors: ILARDI VINCENZO , TROIA ANGELO
Published: June 2021

Foeniculum piperitum was described as Anethum piperitum based on plants collected in Sicily, Italy. Currently it is treated either as a synonym of Foeniculum vulgare, or as one of two subspecies within that taxon. Here we show that F. vulgare and F. piperitum are two different, sometimes co-occurring, taxa and that given clear morphological and ecological separation, they should be treated as distinct species. Anethum piperitum is typified. Owing to misapplication of names and wrong synonymizations, the ecology and chorology of F. vulgare and F. piperitum have to be better defined.
Phthiria notiosa sp. nov., a new bombyliid species of the tribe Phthiriini (Diptera, Bombyliidae, Phthiriinae) from Kerman province in the south of Iran
Authors: MOGHBELI SAJJAD , GHARALI BABAK , FEKRAT LIDA
Published: June 2021

A new species Phthiria notiosa Gharali, Mogbeli & Fekrat sp. nov. is described from the southern Iran and its diagnostic features are photographed. The new species belongs to the group of Phthiria species having the dorsal prong of the first flagellomere short. Phthiria notiosa sp. nov. is morphologically similar to Ph. vagans but it is easily distinguished from that widely distributed species in Iran by the completely black scutellum and different genitalic features.
Effect of Memantine Hydrochloride on Homocysteine Level and Cognitive Function in Diabetic Vascular Dementia Model Mice
Authors: Yang Yu , Xing Lifei , Yan Hongliang , Wang Min , Huang Yanqing , Zhao Meiping , Wang Haiying , Wang Yanhong
Published: June 2021

Increased Hcy has a toxic effect on nerve cells and can cause hippocampal death and directly damage the body’s cognitive function and memory ability, leading to the occurrence of vascular dementia. Hcy predicts vascular disease and might be a basis for clinical judgment. This
article provides a new basis for the prevention and treatment of this disease by exploring the mechanism of action of memantine hydrochloride in diabetic vascular dementia. After grouping, mice walked through the Morris water maze to record the escape latency, and measured the Hcy level of
the mice by high performance liquid chromatography. Observing the volume of brain atrophy in mice. GFAPT, APP, and CHAT level in mouse hippocampus was assessed by IHC and CHAT mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. Escape latency, Hcy level (11.46 ±0.74) yiimmol/L, brain atrophy volume (25.21
±1.21) mm3, number of APP positive cells (46.7003±3.2431), number of GFAP positive cells (21.4000 ± 1.8127) were all significantly lower than those of model group. The positive rate of CHAT and the amount of CHAT mRNA in the memantine hydrochloride group was
significantly elevated (P < 0.05) with higher CHAT mRNA than model group and lower than blank group (P < 0.05). Memantine hydrochloride could reduce the level of Hcy in mice, improve the cognitive function of mice with diabetic vascular dementia by improving the number
of GFAP and CHAT positive cells in hippocampus and cortex, and increasing the amount of CHAT mRNA in brain tissue.
LncRNA Fetal-Lethal Noncoding Developmental Regulatory RNA (FENDRR) Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis in Platelet Derived Growth Factor BB/Tumor Necrosis FactorαInduced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Chen Xiaofang , Wang Dongjin , Qian Lingmei
Published: June 2021

Atherosclerosis is one of the primary causes that lead to cardiovascular disease. LncRNAs have been regarded as key modulators in many pathological processes. The study aims to identify the regulatory role of LncRNA fetal-lethal noncoding developmental regulatory RNA (FENDRR) in atherosclerosis. Cell viability proliferation, cell cycle and cell apoptosis were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay flow cytometric analysis and western blot analysis. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was carried out to determine FENDRR expression in PDGF-BB/TNF-αinduced VSMCs. Levels of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, MCP-1 and ICAM-1 were investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that cell viability was enhanced and FENDRR expression was downregulated after VSMCs were induced by platelet derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) or tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-α). Cell proliferation was inhibited by FENDRR overexpression in a time-dependent manner in PDGF-BB or TNF-αinduced VSMCs. Moreover, FENDRR overexpression blocked cell cycle, suppressed the generations of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, MCP-1 and ICAM-1, and facilitated cell apoptosis in VSMCs induced by PDGF-BB or TNF-α. These findings indicate the functional role of LncRNA FENDRR in atherosclerosis that attenuates cell proliferation and accelerates cell apoptosis.
The Effects of MiR-320 on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Alveolar Bone-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Zhang Shuyue , Ding Xinguo , Miao Haixia , Wang Lei , Xian Lige , Han Sugui , Zhang Di , Li Jian
Published: June 2021

Alveolar bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AB-BMSCs) have a biological morphology and antigen phenotype similar to those of BMSCs. However, the intrinsic characteristics of AB-BMSCs and their underlying mechanisms, in which the involvement of micro(mi)RNAs has been reported, remain unknown. This study shows that miR-320c expression was significantly suppressed during osteoblastic differentiation of human AB-BMSCs. The overexpression of miR-320c markedly decreased cellular proliferation, intracellular activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and formation of calcium nodules; mRNA levels of osteogenesis-related genes were significantly reduced compared to those in control cells. Calcium nodule formation in miR-320c-knockdown cells was significantly increased, andHOXA10, Runx2,andBGPmRNA levels were significantly increased compared to those in control cells. These results indicate that miR-320c suppresss the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of AB-BMSCs, in part by decreasing ALP activity, cellular proliferation, mineralization, and expression of several osteogenesis-related genes. These results lay the basic foundation for the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of alveolar bone reconstruction.
The Blinkered Boss: How Has Managerial Behavior Changed with the Shift to Virtual Working?
Authors: Birkinshaw Julian , Gudka Maya , D’Amato Vittorio
Published: June 2021

Virtual working became the norm for most organizations since March 2020, and it brings well-recognized challenges. But we know little about the impact of virtual working on managerial behavior. This article presents the results of three surveys conducted before and during lockdown to understand what changed. It shows how managers became more blinkered: turning inward, becoming task-focused at the expense of relationship-building, and finding few opportunities to develop new skills. The article offers practical suggestions for how the evolution of managerial work might be accelerated, so that managers can become more effective in this changing environment.
Perspectives on a psychiatric outpatient service for immigrants and refugees in São Paulo, Brazil over a 15-year period
Authors: Carvalho Luciana de Andrade , Andrade Laura Helena , Ang Patrícia Lin , Santana Carmen Lucia Albuquerque de , Lotufo Neto Francisco , Biazoli Junior Claudinei Eduardo
Published: June 2021

Background:

Immigrants and refugees have specific mental health needs. Studies of immigrant/refugee psychiatric patients in Latin America are scarce.

Aims:

Present the profile of patients from an outpatient psychiatric service in Sao Paulo (Brazil) to better inform mental health service planning for immigrants and refugees in the Global South.

Methods:

Exploratory study to characterize the sociodemographic and mental health profile of refugees and immigrants attending outpatient psychiatric service from 2003 to 2018. Chi-square tests and logistic regressions were used to examine the association of demographic variables, exposure to violence, and immigrant status with psychiatric diagnosis. Cluster analysis was used to identify subgroups within the sample.

Results:

A total of 162 immigrants and refugees referred to the service obtained treatment. Of these patients, 57.4% were men, 59.8% were refugees/asylum seekers, 51.9% were Black, 48.8% were single, 64.2% had 10 years of education, and 57.4% were unemployed; the mean age of the sample was 35.9. Half of the sample (52.5%) was exposed to violence. The most common diagnosis was depression (54.2%), followed by PTSD (16.6%). Approximately 34% of the participants sought psychiatric care within 6 months of arrival. Logistic regressions showed that men had lower odds of presenting with depression (OR = 0.34). Patients with PTSD were more likely to be refugees (OR = 3.9) and not have a university degree (OR = 3.1). In the cluster analysis, a cluster of patients with PTSD included almost all Black refugee men exposed to violence. Most patients diagnosed with psychotic disorders were also Black refugee men.

Conclusion:

Immigrants and refugees represent a vulnerable group. The majority of the sample was Black, refugee men, who were also more likely to present with PTSD. Future studies are needed to better understand issues in treatment adherence in relation to socioeconomic characteristics.
The influence of leisure-based community activities on neighbourhood support and the social cohesion of communities in Spain
Authors: Morata Txus , López Paco , Marzo Teresa , Palasí Eva
Published: June 2021

To analyse the effects of leisure-based community activities in improving neighbourhood support and social cohesion, data were collected in two neighbourhoods of Barcelona (Spain) through questionnaires and interviews. The results indicate that promoting neighbourhood support requires a different strategy from promoting participation in leisure-based activities aimed at developing social cohesion within a community. The study also suggests various useful strategies to strengthen the effects of leisure-based community activities. The strategies recommended revolve around networking, use of the public space, recognition of diversity and conflict management.
The betweenness of the double stranger: British converts to Islam and patterns of belonging
Authors: sealy Thomas
Published: June 2021

British converts to Islam can be hard to locate in relation to the majority and born Muslim minority in society and can experience rejection from both sides. Based on an ethnic lens and framework, they are conceptualised as ‘in-between’ the two, neither fully one nor the other. This article argues that by foregrounding religious rather than ethnic identity, a different pattern of how converts position themselves in society emerges. To do so, it draws on a study of converts’ narratives and investigates the dynamics of how a divide between religion and culture emerges from these narratives. To discuss these dynamics, it draws on Simmel’s influential essay The Stranger in order to develop an analytical reorientation that centralises the religious aspect in order to gain a new relational understanding of converts’ belonging as well as the social aspects of the conversion process itself.
Integrating Interventions for Elementary Students Experiencing Co-Occurring Academic and Behavior Needs
Authors: Harbour Kristin E. , McDaniel Sara C. , Preast June L. , Buchanan Dania
Published: June 2021

Teachers who work with students with targeted, co-occurring academic and behavior differences require the knowledge, tools, and support for effective interventions across both domains. This article provides a research-informed, three-step process to support teachers in designing and implementing integrated targeted interventions for mathematics and self-monitoring needs in an elementary, co-taught classroom. This strategic approach includes: (a) screening and diagnostic assessment, (b) delivering academic and behavioral strategies and interventions, and (c) monitoring progress to inform instructional decisions. A case example of a second-grade classroom during supplemental small group linear measurement instruction and self-monitoring integrated Tier 2 intervention is provided for context.
Herpes simplex virus-1 oesophagitis presenting with persistent hiccough in an immunocompetent host: A case report
Authors: Paul Aritra , Ghose Aruni
Published: June 2021

Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) oesophagitis as an aetiology of persistent hiccough is a rarity in immunocompetent hosts and entails an exhaustive diagnostic work-up, since it does not present with any of the typical oesophagitis symptoms. Our patient presented with persistent hiccoughs that were resistant to treatment with baclofen. Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of HSV-1 oesophagitis. The hiccough subsided within 48 h of aciclovir therapy.
The Impact of the CSR-Embedded Crisis Response: The Role of Values Congruence between Leadership Styles and CSR Motives
Authors: Kim Jeesun , Oh Hyun Jee , Ham Chang-Dae
Published: June 2021

Grounded in the values congruence proposition, this study examined the interplay between leadership styles and corporate social responsibility (CSR) motives in different crisis contexts. The results of a 2 (crisis type) × 2 (leadership style) × 2 (CSR motives) between-subjects experiment showed that the congruent combination of leadership styles and CSR motives maximized the insulating effect of CSR practice but only when the crisis type was victim. In a victim crisis, utilizing intrinsic CSR motives gained greater word-of-mouth intention and purchase intention when combined with transformational leadership than with transactional leadership. In a preventable crisis, the positive effect of values congruence disappeared and even backfired. More specifically, the congruence between transactional leadership and extrinsic CSR motives amplified the negative impact of a crisis. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
First models for structural energy transmission decoupling in the high frequency regime under aerodynamic excitations
Authors: Mazzeo G , Ichchou MN , Petrone G , Bareille O , De Rosa S , Franco F
Published: June 2021

In the wind tunnel facility, a test structure is often used for measuring its vibrational response to the aerodynamic excitation. A support is needed to sustaining the structure and it is mandatory that this support does not influence the vibrational energy to be measured. To this aim, the maximum amount of energy decoupling between the structure and the support is desired. This work is focused around a quick method to estimate this decoupling by using simplified models for the Turbulent Boundary Layer (TBL) excitation and for the structural response. Specifically, the Equivalent Rain-on-the-roof excitation is invoked with a Statistical Energy Analysis model for the structure. Some simple design rules are proposed and based on little information leading to foresee the difference of vibrational velocity levels between the two structural systems. A simplified test-case is used for the first investigations and a complex structure is finally conceived thinking to vibroacoustic measurements in a large wind tunnel facility. Although some results are largely expected, the global approach is promising.
Experimental study of the simultaneous effects of severe plastic deformation and secondary radial strain on copper
Authors: Eftekhari Shahri Seyyed Ehsan , Ranaei Mohammad Amin , Jamshidi Hossein , Rezaei Elyas
Published: June 2021

Due to the widespread use of copper wires in electrical power transmission, the need for raw materials with a homogeneous structure and high strength while maintaining their conductive properties is of high importance. The present study investigates the production of copper wire with improved mechanical properties and homogeneous microstructure due to its nanometre-sized structure. Therefore, the commercial pure copper specimens were subjected to severe plastic deformation (SPD) by means of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) during four steps at ambient temperature. Due to the creation of a structure with elongated grains in the ECAP process, the deformed specimens were subjected to the direct extrusion operations; thus, a more homogeneous structure was created in them due to the appearance of a secondary radial strain. The obtained results indicate that by applying the simultaneous effects of SPD and direct extrusion on the microstructure, the mechanical properties such as strength and hardness have improved significantly, while the electrical conductivity of pure copper decreased slightly. The outcome can be used as an alternative to current methods for producing high-strength copper wires with suitable electrical conductivity properties.
Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Tests of Social Cognitive Model of Well-Being in Korean College Students
Authors: Lee Eun Sul , Shin Yun-Jeong
Published: June 2021

This study examined the cross-cultural utility of a modified social cognitive model of academic and life satisfaction (Lent & Brown, 2008) by adding independent and interdependent self-construals with Korean college students in a cross-sectional (Study 1) and a longitudinal design (Study 2). In Study 1, 604 participants completed measures of academic self-efficacy, outcome expectations, goal progress, environmental support, positive affect, academic satisfaction, life satisfaction, and self-construals. In Study 2, 171 participants completed the same measures at two time points with a 15-week interval. Results of Study 1 indicated that the modified model provided a good fit to the data and that 21 out of 25 of the hypothesized paths were significant. In Study 2, the bidirectional model, which included three theorized sets of reciprocal relations (i.e., academic satisfaction to life satisfaction, positive affect to both environmental support and self-efficacy, and self-efficacy to both outcome expectations and goal progress) demonstrated an optimal fit to the data. Overall, the findings of the present study provide evidence for the validity of the modified social cognitive well-being model in Korean populations.
Teachers’ and students’ perceptions of factors influencing the adoption of information and communications technology in physical education in Singapore schools
Authors: Koh Koon Teck , Tan Li Quan Warrick , Camiré Martin , Paculdar Maria Agnes Alcantara , Chua Wei Guang Andy
Published: June 2021

Although there have been studies on the use of information and communications technology (ICT) as a pedagogical tool to enhance teaching and learning in physical education (PE), more research is warranted to understand perceived barriers and facilitators to usage. The purpose of the present study was to understand key factors that influence the adoption of ICT in PE perceived by teachers and students in Singapore schools. Eleven PE teachers (two females, nine males) with two to 25 years of teaching experience were individually interviewed, and 72 students (39 females, 33 males) from 10 to 17 years of age participated in 11 focus groups. The study was guided by ontological relativism and situated within epistemological constructionism. Three themes were developed from the thematic analysis: (a) technological dispositions (i.e. self-efficacy and open-mindedness); (b) teaching approaches (i.e. pedagogical integration; cognitive, affective and psychomotor stimulation; and balanced integration of ICT and the traditional approach); and (c) contextual factors (i.e. technological conditions; cultural conditions; and teachers’ ICT-specific PE knowledge). Findings from the study support the notion that appropriate use of ICT tools has the potential to positively influence teaching and learning during PE lessons while emphasising the need for schools and professional development bodies to improve the ICT pedagogical proficiency of PE teachers. The study provides important insights into how teachers can better leverage ICT tools to support student learning in PE.
Effectiveness of mHealth management with an implantable glucose sensor and a mobile application among Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Guo Mengna , Meng Fanli , Guo Qing , Bai Tiantian , Hong Yanyan , Song Fengbin , Ma Yan
Published: June 2021

Introduction

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of mHealth management with an implantable glucose sensor and a mobile application among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in China.

Methods

A randomised controlled trial was carried out to compare the effectiveness of usual health management to mHealth management based on a model that consisted of the network platform, an implantable glucose sensor and a mobile app featuring guidance from general practitioners (GPs) over a four-week period. Patients ( N=68) with T2DM were randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group. Before the intervention, there was no difference in body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial two-hour blood glucose (2hPG) and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) between the intervention group and the control group ( p>0.05). Patients in the control group received their usual health management, while patients in the intervention group received mHealth management.

Results

After health management, the mean BMI, FBG, 2hPG and HbA1c of the intervention group patients were all lower than those of the control group patients ( p < 0.05), and the quality of life and self-management of the intervention group patients had significantly improved.

Discussion

mHealth management effectively showed significant reductions in BMI, FBG, 2hPG and HbA1c and improved quality of life and self-management among patients, which may be related to real-time feedback from an implantable glucose sensor and guidance from GPs through a mobile app. mHealth management is a very promising way to promote the health management of T2DM in China, and this study provides a point of reference for mHealth management abroad.
Study on the effect of the welding environment on the dynamic recrystallization phenomenon and residual stresses during the friction stir welding process of aluminum alloy
Authors: Abbasi Mahmoud , Abdollahzadeh Amin , Bagheri Behrouz , Ostovari Moghaddam Ahmad , Sharifi Farzaneh , Dadaei Mostafa
Published: June 2021

Various methods have been proposed to modify the friction stir welding. Friction stir vibration welding and underwater friction stir welding are two variants of this technique. In friction stir vibration welding, the adjoining workpieces are vibrated normal to the joint line while friction stir welding is carried out, while in underwater friction stir welding the friction stir welding process is performed underwater. The effects of these modified versions of friction stir welding on the microstructure and mechanical characteristics of AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy welded joints are analyzed and compared with the joints fabricated by conventional friction stir welding. The results indicate that grain size decreases from about 57 μm for friction stir welding to around 34 μm for friction stir vibration welding and about 23 μm for underwater friction stir welding. The results also confirm the evolution of Mg2Si precipitates during all processes. Friction stir vibration welding and underwater friction stir welding processes can effectively decrease the size and interparticle distance of precipitates. The strength and ductility of underwater friction stir welding and friction stir vibration welding processed samples are higher than those of the friction stir welding processed sample, and the highest strength and ductility are obtained for underwater friction stir welding processed samples. The underwater friction stir welding and friction stir vibration welding processed samples exhibit about 25% and 10% higher tensile strength compared to the friction stir welding processed sample, respectively. The results also indicate that higher compressive residual stresses are developed as underwater friction stir welding and friction stir vibration welding are applied.
Stent Graft Placement in the Top-Down Direction for Treating Traumatic Intra-Abdominal Suprahepatic Inferior Vena Cava Rupture: A Case Report
Authors: Park Yun Chul , Kim Hyoung Ook , Yim Nam Yeol , Lee Byung Chan , Park Chan , Jo Young Goun , Kim Jung Chul , Jeong Won Gi
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The treatment of suprahepatic inferior vena cava (IVC) ruptures results in high mortality rates due to difficulty in performing the surgical procedure. Here, we present a case of successful endovascular management of a life-threatening suprahepatic IVC rupture with top-down placement of a stent graft.

Case Report

A 33-year-old woman was involved in a traffic accident and presented to our emergency department due to unstable hemodynamics after blunt abdominal wall trauma. Computed tomography (CT) revealed massive extravasation of contrast agent from the suprahepatic IVC, which suggested traumatic suprahepatic IVC rupture. To seal the IVC, to salvage major hepatic veins, and to prevent migration of the stent graft into the right side of the heart after placement, an aortic cuff with a proximal hook was introduced in a top-down direction via the right internal jugular vein. After closure of the injured IVC, the patient’s hemodynamics improved, and additional laparotomy was performed. After 3 months of trauma care, the patient recovered and was discharged. Follow-up CT after 58 months showed a patent stent graft within the IVC.

Conclusion

Endovascular management with top-down placement of a stent graft is a viable option for emergent damage control in patients with life-threatening hemorrhage from IVC rupture.