bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pesticide-Residue Analysis in Soils by the QuEChERS Method: A Review
Authors: González-Curbelo Miguel Ángel , Varela-Martínez Diana Angélica , Riaño-Herrera Diego Alejandro
Published: July 2022

Pesticides are among the most important contaminants worldwide due to their wide use, persistence, and toxicity. Their presence in soils is not only important from an environmental point of view, but also for food safety issues, since such residues can migrate from soils to food. However, soils are extremely complex matrices, which present a challenge to any analytical chemist, since the extraction of a wide range of compounds with diverse physicochemical properties, such as pesticides, at trace levels is not an easy task. In this context, the QuEChERS method (standing for quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) has become one of the most green and sustainable alternatives in this field due to its inherent advantages, such as fast sample preparation, the minimal use of hazardous reagents and solvents, simplicity, and low cost. This review is aimed at providing a critical revision of the most relevant modifications of the QuEChERS method (including the extraction and clean-up steps of the method) for pesticide-residue analysis in soils.
Potent Antibiotic Lemonomycin: A Glimpse of Its Discovery, Origin, and Chemical Synthesis
Authors: Tao Shunan , Wang Yang , Hong Ran , Huang Sha-Hua
Published: July 2022

Lemonomycin (1) was first isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces candidus in 1964. The complete chemical structure was not elucidated until 2000 with extensive spectroscopic analysis. Lemonomycin is currently known as the only glycosylated tetrahydroisoquinoline antibiotic. Its potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and complex architecture make it an ideal target for total synthesis. In this short review, we summarize the research status of lemonomycin for biological activity, biosynthesis, and chemical synthesis. The unique deoxy aminosugar-lemonose was proposed to play a crucial role in biological activity, as shown in other antibiotics, such as arimetamycin A, nocathiacin I, glycothiohexide α, and thiazamycins. Given the self-resistance of the original bacterial host, the integration of biosynthesis and chemical synthesis to pursue efficient synthesis and further derivatization is in high demand for the development of novel antibiotics to combat antibiotic-resistant infections.
Optimized Green Extraction of Polyphenols from Cassia javanica L. Petals for Their Application in Sunflower Oil: Anticancer and Antioxidant Properties
Authors: Younis Mohamed Ibrahim , Ren Xiaofeng , Alzubaidi Azalldeen Kazal , Mahmoud Khaled Fahmy , Altemimi Ammar B. , Cacciola Francesco , Raza Husnain , Pratap-Singh Anubhav , Abedelmaksoud Tarek Gamal
Published: July 2022

The total phenolic content (TPC) from Cassia javanica L. petals were extracted using ethanolic solvent extraction at concentrations ranging from 0 to 90% and an SCF-CO2 co-solvent at various pressures. Ultrasound-assisted extraction parameters were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). Antioxidant and anticancer properties of total phenols were assessed. An SCF-CO2 co-solvent extract was nano-encapsulated and applied to sunflower oil without the addition of an antioxidant. The results indicated that the best treatment for retaining TPC and total flavonoids content (TFC) was SCF-CO2 co-solvent followed by the ultrasound and ethanolic extraction procedures. Additionally, the best antioxidant activity by β-carotene/linoleic acid and DPPH free radical-scavenging test systems was observed by SCF-CO2 co-solvent then ultrasound and ethanolic extraction methods. SCF-CO2 co-solvent recorded the highest inhibition % for PC3 (76.20%) and MCF7 (98.70%) and the lowest IC50 value for PC3 (145 µ/mL) and MCF7 (96 µ/mL). It was discovered that fortifying sunflower oil with SCF-CO2 co-solvent nanoparticles had a beneficial effect on free fatty acids and peroxide levels. The SCF-CO2 method was finally found to be superior and could be used in large-scale processing.
Synthesis and Systematic Study on the Effect of Different PEG Units on Stability of PEGylated, Integrin-αvβ6-Specific A20FMDV2 Analogues in Rat Serum and Human Plasma
Authors: Hung Kuo-yuan , Kowalczyk Renata , Desai Ami , Brimble Margaret A. , Marshall John F. , Harris Paul W. R.
Published: July 2022

A20FMDV2 is a 20-mer peptide that exhibits high selectivity and affinity for the tumour-related αvβ6 integrin that can compete with extracellular ligands for the crucial RGD binding site, playing a role as a promising αvβ6-specific inhibitor for anti-cancer therapies. Unfortunately, the clinical value of A20FMDV2 is limited by its poor half-life in blood caused by rapid renal excretion and its reported high susceptibility to serum proteases. The incorporation of poly (ethylene glycol) chains, coined PEGylation, is a well-established approach to improve the pharmacokinetic properties of drug molecules. Here, we report a systematic study on the incorporation of a varying number of ethylene glycol units (1–20) into the A20FMDV2 peptide to establish the effects of PEGylation size on the peptide stability in both rat serum and human plasma. In addition, the effect of acetyl and propionyl PEGylation handles on peptide stability is also described. Selected peptide analogues were assessed for integrin-αvβ6-targeted binding, showing good specificity and activity in vitro. Stability studies in rat serum established that all of the PEGylated peptides displayed good stability, and an A20FMDV2 peptide containing twenty ethylene glycol units (PEG20) was the most stable. Surprisingly, the stability testing in human plasma identified shorter PEGs (PEG2 and PEG5) as more resistant to degradation than longer PEGs, a trend which was also observed with affinity binding to integrin αvβ6.
Development of Green and Efficient Extraction of Bioactive Ginsenosides from Panax ginseng with Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Tu Yujia , Li Linnan , Fan Wenxiang , Liu Longchan , Wang Zhengtao , Yang Li
Published: July 2022

The extraction of active constituents from natural sources in a green and efficient manner is considered an important field in the pharmaceutical industry. In recent years, deep eutectic solvents (DESs), a new type of green solvent, have attracted increasing attention. Therefore, we aimed to establish a green and high-efficiency extraction method for ginsenosides based on DESs. This study takes Panax ginseng as a model sample. Eighteen different DESs were produced to extract polar ginsenosides. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was applied for simplicity and efficiency. A binary DES synthesized using choline chloride and urea at a proportion of 1:2 prepared by a heating stirring method is proven to be more effective than other solvents, such as the widely used 70% ethanol for the extraction of ginsenosides. Three variables that might affect the extraction, including the DES content in the extraction solvent, liquid/solid ratio, and ultrasound extraction time, were evaluated for optimization. The optimum extraction conditions for ginsenosides were determined as follows: DES water content of 20 wt%, liquid/solid ratio of 15 mL g−1, and an ultrasonic extraction time of 15 min. The extraction yield for the optimized method is found to be 31% higher than that for 70% ethanol, which achieves efficient extraction. This study shows that DESs are available to extract ginsenosides for use in traditional Chinese medicine. The discovery also contributes to further research into the green extraction of ginsenosides.
The TLR4/NFκB-Dependent Inflammatory Response Activated by LPS Is Inhibited in Human Macrophages Pre-Exposed to Amorphous Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Bianchi Massimiliano G. , Chiu Martina , Taurino Giuseppe , Bergamaschi Enrico , Cubadda Francesco , Macaluso Guido M. , Bussolati Ovidio
Published: July 2022

Amorphous silica nanoparticles (ASNP) are present in a variety of products and their biological effects are actively investigated. Although several studies have documented pro-inflammatory effects of ASNP, the possibility that they also modify the response of innate immunity cells to natural activators has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we study the effects of pyrogenic ASNP on the LPS-dependent activation of human macrophages differentiated from peripheral blood monocytes. In macrophages, 24 h of pre-exposure to non-cytotoxic doses of ASNP markedly inhibited the LPS-dependent induction of pro-inflammatory (TNFα, IL-6) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10). The inhibitory effect was associated with the suppression of NFκB activation and the increased intracellular sequestration of the TLR4 receptor. The late induction of glutamine synthetase (GS) by LPS was also prevented by pre-exposure to ASNP, while GS silencing did not interfere with cytokine secretion. It is concluded that (i) macrophages exposed to ASNP are less sensitive to LPS-dependent activation and (ii) GS induction by LPS is likely secondary to the stimulation of cytokine secretion. The observed interference with LPS effects may point to a dampening of the acute inflammatory response after exposure to ASNP in humans.
Interlinked Microcone Resistive Sensors Based on Self-Assembly Carbon Nanotubes Film for Monitoring of Signals
Authors: Luo Chun-Li , Jiao Jun-Yi , Su Xing-Jie , Zheng Lin-Xin , Yan Wei-Guo , Zhong Dong-Zhou
Published: July 2022

Flexible pressure sensors still face difficulties achieving a constantly adaptable micronanostructure of substrate materials. Interlinked microcone resistive sensors were fabricated by polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanocone array. PDMS nanocone array was achieved by the second transferring tapered polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) structure. In addition, self-assembly 2D carbon nanotubes (CNTs) networks as a conducting layer were prepared by a low-cost, dependable, and ultrafast Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) process. In addition, the self-assembled two-dimensional carbon nanotubes (CNTs) network as a conductive layer can change the internal resistance due to pressure. The results showed that the interlinked sensor with a nanocone structure can detect the external pressure by the change of resistivity and had a sensitive resistance change in the low pressure (<200 Pa), good stability through 2800 cycles, and a detection limit of 10 kPa. Based on these properties, the electric signals were tested, including swallowing throat, finger bending, finger pressing, and paper folding. The simulation model of the sensors with different structural parameters under external pressure was established. With the advantages of high sensitivity, stability, and wide detection range, this sensor shows great potential for monitoring human motion and can be used in wearable devices.
Co-Application of Biochar Compost and Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilizer Affects the Growth and Nitrogen Uptake by Lowland Rice in Northern Ghana
Authors: Aboagye Daniel Asiamah , Adjadeh Wilfred Teejay , Nartey Eric Kwesi , Asuming-Brempong Stella
Published: July 2022

Inherent low soil fertility status limits productivity of rice in the lowland ecologies in Northern Ghana. Combining organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilizers could help to maintain the fertility of lowland soils for rice production. A screen house pot experiment was carried out to investigate the combined effect of biochar compost and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer on the nitrogen uptake and agronomic performance of rice plants grown on an eutric gleysol lowland soil. Inorganic nitrogen fertilizer alone and its combinations with different types of biochar compost (based on the proportions of biochar and compost) were used as treatment. A control (unamended soil) was also included. The incorporation of biochar compost and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer improved the growth parameters and yield components of rice plants. The combination of biochar compost and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer was also found to improve nitrogen uptake in rice plants. This practice could be the most likely viable option for alleviating lowland soil fertility issues and increasing rice productivity in Northern Ghana.
Do AutoML-Based QSAR Models Fulfill OECD Principles for Regulatory Assessment? A 5-HT1A Receptor Case
Authors: Czub Natalia , Pacławski Adam , Szlęk Jakub , Mendyk Aleksander
Published: July 2022

The drug discovery and development process requires a lot of time, financial, and workforce resources. Any reduction in these burdens might benefit all stakeholders in the healthcare domain, including patients, government, and companies. One of the critical stages in drug discovery is a selection of molecular structures with a strong affinity to a particular molecular target. The possible solution is the development of predictive models and their application in the screening process, but due to the complexity of the problem, simple and statistical models might not be sufficient for practical application. The manuscript presents the best-in-class predictive model for the serotonin 1A receptor affinity and its validation according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development guidelines for regulatory purposes. The model was developed based on a database with close to 9500 molecules by using an automatic machine learning tool (AutoML). The model selection was conducted based on the Akaike information criterion value and 10-fold cross-validation routine, and later good predictive ability was confirmed with an additional external validation dataset with over 700 molecules. Moreover, the multi-start technique was applied to test if an automatic model development procedure results in reliable results.
Formulation-by-Design of Efinaconazole Spanlastic Nanovesicles for Transungual Delivery Using Statistical Risk Management and Multivariate Analytical Techniques
Authors: Almuqbil Rashed M. , Sreeharsha Nagaraja , Nair Anroop B.
Published: July 2022

As regulatory and technical landscapes for pharmaceutical formulation development are rapidly evolving, a risk-management approach using multivariate analysis is highly essential for designing a product with requisite critical quality attributes (CQA). Efinaconazole, a newly approved poorly water-soluble antifungal triazole drug has poor permeability. Spanlastics, new-generation surfactant nanovesicles, being fluidic, help improve the permeability of drugs. Therefore, we optimized efinaconazole spanlastics using the concepts of Formulation-by-Design (FbD) and explored the feasibility of transungual delivery for the management of onychomycosis. Using the Ishikawa fishbone diagram, the risk factors that may have an impact on the CQA of efinaconazole spanlastic vesicles were identified. Application of the Plackett–Burman experimental design facilitated the screening of eight different formulation and process parameters influencing particle size, transmittance, relative deformability, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and dissolution efficiency. With the help of Pareto charts, the three most significant factors were identified, viz., vesicle builder (Span), edge activator (Tween), and mixing time. The levels of these three critical variables were optimized by FbD to reduce the particle size and maximize the transparency, relative deformability, encapsulation efficiency, and dissolution efficiency of efinaconazole spanlastic nanovesicles. Bayesian and Lenth’s analysis and mathematical modeling of the experimental data helped to quantify the critical formulation attributes required for getting the formulation with optimum quality features. The optimized efinaconazole-loaded spanlastic vesicles had a particle size of 197 nm, transparency of 91%, relative deformability of 12.5 min, and dissolution efficiency of 81.23%. The spanlastic formulation was incorporated into a gel and explored ex vivo for transungual delivery. This explorative study provides an example of the application of principles of risk management, statistical multivariate analysis, and the FbD approach in developing efinaconazole spanlastic nanovesicles.
Photobiomodulation Using Different Infrared Light Sources Promotes Muscle Precursor Cells Migration and Proliferation
Authors: Lovisetto Renan , Malavazzi Tainá Caroline dos Santos , Andreo Lucas , Rodrigues Maria Fernanda Setubal Destro , Bussadori Sandra Kalil , Fernandes Kristianne Porta Santos , Mesquita-Ferrari Raquel Agnelli
Published: July 2022

Photobiomodulation (PBM) has demonstrated positive effects on the muscle repair process. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of infrared PBM using different light sources—low-level laser (LLL) at 780 nm (40 or 70 mW, 10 J/cm2, 0.4 J) or LED at 850 nm (40 or 70 mW, 0.13 J/cm2, 0.4 J)—and dosimetric parameters on the proliferation and migration of muscle cells. The results showed that LLL 40 mW and 70 mW, with the same radiation exposure, led to an increase in proliferation after 24 h, but no differences at 48 and 72 h. Cells irradiated with LED 70 mW exhibited an increase in proliferation in comparison to the control group and 40mW after 24 and 48 h, but not at 72 h. Moreover, cell migration was greater in comparison to the control after 6 and 24 h, and no differences were found at 12 h when LLL was used with an output power of 70 mW. Furthermore, no differences were found at 6 and 12 h with the 70 mW output power-LED, but an increase was observed in the cell migration after 24 h. In conclusion, PBM using different light sources and dosimetric parameters was able to modulate the proliferation of C2C12 myoblasts, but only PBM at 70 mW was able to modulate the migration of these cells.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Physical Properties of Maleic Acid-Grafted Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/Cellulose Nanocrystal Composites
Authors: Hung Yu-Jia , Chiang Ming-Yen , Wang En-Tze , Wu Tzong-Ming
Published: July 2022

New sequences of nanocomposites including numerous maleic acid-grafted poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (g-PBAT) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were efficaciously fabricated via transesterification and polycondensation processes with the covalent bonds between the polymer and reinforcing fillers. The grafting interaction of maleic acid onto PBAT was successfully demonstrated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. The morphology of g-PBAT/CNC nanocomposites was investigated by wide-angle X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Both results indicate that the CNC was randomly dispersed into the g-PBAT polymer matrix. The storage modulus at −80 and 25 °C was significantly enhanced with the incorporation of CNC into g-PBAT matrix. The crystallization rate of g-PBAT/CNC nanocomposites increased as the loading of CNC increased. With the incorporation of 3 wt% CNC, the half-time for crystallization of the g-PBAT/CNC composite decreased about 50~80% as compared with the same isothermal crystallization of pure polymer matrix. All water vapor permeation (WVP) values of all g-PBAT/CNC nanocomposites decreased as the loading of CNC increased. The decrease in WVP may be attributed to the addition of stiff CNC, causing the increase on the permeation route in the water molecules in the g-PBAT polymer matrix.
Study on Increasing the Binding Amount of Rubber and Reinforcing Filler by Adding Aromatic Solvent Oil
Authors: Li Xiaoqing , Fang Zhonghang , Shen Xinmin , Yin Qin , Chen Zhiyuan , Tu Qunzhang , Pan Ming
Published: July 2022

The binding amount of rubber and reinforcing filler directly affects the quality of rubber products. The effect of aromatic solvent oil (S-150) on the binding amount of rubber and reinforcing filler was studied. In order to determine the suitability of rubber after adding S-150, the curing characteristics, physical performance and tensile properties of rubber samples were tested and analyzed. Meanwhile, the microstructure of the composite was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The test results showed that the binding amount of rubber and reinforcing filler was increased after adding S-150. The density and Shore A hardness were decreased. When carbon black was 80 phr, after adding 40 phr of S-150, the rebound resilience of rubber increased by 13% on average, and the elongation at break increased by 88% on average. When white carbon black was between 10-70 phr, after adding 65 phr of S-150, the rebound resilience of rubber increased by 9% on average, and the elongation at break increased by 51% on average. Modulus at 100% and tensile strength were decreased. Meanwhile, it could be judged from the microstructure results that the reticulation space inside the rubber was increased, the agglomerate particles were relatively uniform, and no bubbles or holes were observed. The mechanism that S-150 could increase the binding amount of rubber was analyzed according to the like-dissolves-like principle. This research achievement could lead to improvements in the quality of rubber products and promote their practical application.
Current Advances in the Development of Hydrogel-Based Wound Dressings for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Treatment
Authors: Güiza-Argüello Viviana R. , Solarte-David Víctor A. , Pinzón-Mora Angie V. , Ávila-Quiroga Jhair E. , Becerra-Bayona Silvia M.
Published: July 2022

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are one of the most prevalent complications associated with diabetes mellitus. DFUs are chronic injuries that often lead to non-traumatic lower extremity amputations, due to persistent infection and other ulcer-related side effects. Moreover, these complications represent a significant economic burden for the healthcare system, as expensive medical interventions are required. In addition to this, the clinical treatments that are currently available have only proven moderately effective, evidencing a great need to develop novel strategies for the improved treatment of DFUs. Hydrogels are three-dimensional systems that can be fabricated from natural and/or synthetic polymers. Due to their unique versatility, tunability, and hydrophilic properties, these materials have been extensively studied for different types of biomedical applications, including drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. Therefore, this review paper addresses the most recent advances in hydrogel wound dressings for effective DFU treatment, providing an overview of current perspectives and challenges in this research field.
Modeling the Effect of Stress Ratio, Loading Frequency and Fiber Orientation on the Fatigue Response of Composite Materials
Authors: Ma Huidong , Bai Xuezong , Ran Yawei , Wei Xubing , An Zongwen
Published: July 2022

Fatigue life models are widely used to predict the fatigue behavior at arbitrary cycle counts of composite structures subjected to cyclic or highly dynamic loads. However, their predictive capacity and determination of model parameters are strongly dependent on loading conditions and large experimental efforts. This research aims to develop a new model which uses a single model parameter to predict the variation trend and distribution pattern of fatigue experimental data points subjected to different stress ratios, loading frequencies and fiber orientations. Validation of the model with several sets of experimental data shows that the proposed model is capable of adequately considering the effects of stress ratio, loading frequency and fiber orientation on the fatigue behavior of composite materials and correctly predicting the variation trend of the experimental data points using only one set of model parameters regardless of stress ratios, loading frequencies and fiber orientations.
Electrospinning Drug-Loaded Alginate-Based Nanofibers towards Developing a Drug Release Rate Catalog
Authors: Penton Kathryn E. , Kinler Zachary , Davis Amber , Spiva Joshua A. , Hamilton Sharon K.
Published: July 2022

Electrospinning natural polymers represents a developing interest in the field of biomaterials. Electrospun nanofibers have been shown to facilitate tissue regeneration and emulate body tissue, making them ideal for modern biomedical applications. These water-soluble natural polymers including alginate, have also shown promise as drug delivery vehicles. However, many biopolymers including alginate are inherently charged, making the formation of nanofibers difficult. To better understand the potential of natural polymer-based fibers in drug delivery applications, fiber formulations and drug loading concentrations of alginate-based scaffolds were investigated. It was found electrospinning poly(vinyl alcohol) with alginate facilitated fiber formation while the co-polymer agarose showed minor improvement in terms of alginate electrospinnability. Once uniform fibers were formed, the antibiotic ciprofloxacin was added into the polymer electrospinning solution to yield drug-loaded nanofibers. These optimized parameters coupled with small molecule release rate data from the drug-loaded, alginate-based fibers have been used to establish a catalog of small molecule release profiles. In the future, this catalog will be further expanded to include drug release rate data from other innately charged natural polymer-based fibers such as chitosan. It is anticipated that the cataloged profiles can be applied in the further development of biomaterials used in drug delivery.
Current state and prospects of development of goat breeding in the Republic of Tyva
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy”, Russia, Moscow, Grikshas S. A. , Pastukh O. N. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy”, Russia, Moscow, Arakchaa C. A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy”, Russia, Moscow, Mongush S. D. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Tuvinian State University”, Republic of Tyva, Kyzyl
Published: July 2022

The Republic of Tyva has great natural and economic opportunities for the development of sheep and goat breeding. The purpose of the research was to consider the current state and prospects for the development of goat breeding in the Republic of Tyva. The article provides a detailed analysis of the general state of goat breeding in the Republic of Tyva, as well as the ways and prospects of its development. Goats of Tuvinian local breed are bred in the republic. They are bred for the milk, meat, leather and wool. Local rough-haired goats are unpretentious and at the same time they receive meat with good taste qualities, milk with high fat content, as well as down, coarse wool and skins. As of 2021 the number of goats was 329,5 thousand heads. In the future, it is planned to increase the number of goats to 350 thousand heads. It has been established that Tuvinian goats grown in the Forest-steppe zone are characterized by the best meat qualities. According to the pre-slaughter weight, the weight of the steamed carcass, the slaughter weight and the slaughter yield, as well as the weight of the cooled carcass they significantly exceeded goats raised in the Steppe and Dry Steppe zones of Tuva. It is recommended, in order to increase the efficiency of the goat breeding industry, to carry out breed accounting of goats, to establish goat breeding zones of certain areas of productivity, taking into account their biological characteristics and pasture-climatic conditions; to introduce modern technology of complete feeding of goats in all seasons of the year, allowing for high productivity and fertility, taking into account the full use of their genetic potential; in order to increase the efficiency of the industry, it is necessary to introduce the technology of processing goat products directly in farms in order to ensure the ability to produce products not in the form of raw materials, but in the form of semi-finished or finished products.
Perlindungan Anak Dalam UU Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 dalam Perspektif Fikih Hadhanah
Authors: Fitrotun Siti
Published: July 2022

Law No. 35 of 2014 has been passed as a government effort to emphasize the protection of Indonesian children from all forms of discrimination and violence. A study of the law needs to be carried out in the context of Islamic jurisprudence, because in the context of Indonesia, where the majority of the population is Muslim, of course, caring for and educating children is influenced by Islamic religious values and norms. This study was conducted using a qualitative approach with a normative juridical method. The results of this study indicate that the law is in accordance with the concepts in fiqh aḍanah, and also that the law has involved all parties to protect children, and Law No. 35 of 2014 has also been detailed in protecting children in the fields of religion, health, education. , social, and even Law Number 35 of 2014 has also regulated the implementation in special fields, which in fiqh aḍanah has not been explained in detail regarding protection in special fields.UU No 35 Tahun 2014 telah disahkan sebagai upaya pemerintah untuk mempertegas dalam perlindungan terhadap anak-anak Indonesia dari segala bentuk diskriminasi dan kekerasan. Kajian atas UU tersebut perlu dilakukan dalam konteks Fikih Hadhanah, sebab dalam konteks Indonesia dengan mayoritas penduduk adalah beragama Islam tentunya dalam memelihara dan mendidik anak dipengaruhi oleh nilai dan norma agama Islam. Kajian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa UU tersebut sudah sesuai dengan konsep dalam Fikih Hadhanah, dan juga bahwa UU tersebut sudah melibatkan semua pihak untuk melindungi  anak,  dan  Undang-Undang  Nomor  35 Tahun 2014 juga sudah terperinci dalam melindungi anak baik di bidang agama, kesehatan, pendidikan, sosial, bahkan undang-undang Nomor 35 tahun 2014 juga telah mengatur penyelenggaraan di bidang khusus, yang pada fiqh Hadhanah  belum dijelaskan secara terperinci mengenai perlindungan di bidang khusus.
Un “anhelo de reforma saludable”. El Congreso Penitenciario Nacional de 1914 y los ecos de los saberes expertos en tiempos reformistas
Authors: Silva Jeremías
Published: July 2022

Este artículo examina el Congreso Penitenciario Nacional de 1914 promovido por expertos y funcionarios abocados a la cuestión criminal. Este evento articuló las ansiedades que generaba el delito y la delincuencia, con la producción de una agenda de reforma penal y penitenciaria a nivel local. Busca comprender cómo estas preocupaciones devinieron motivo de discusión pública, en particular en la prensa, que contribuyó a visibilizar esos intereses de los expertos por la reforma penal y penitenciaria e inclusive terciaron en la reflexión con una voz propia. En consecuencia, demuestra que la fortaleza de este Congreso radicó, por una parte, en potenciar esa producción de saberes expertos, y por otra, en que, más allá de los ámbitos académicos y oficiales, en la mirada inquisitiva de la prensa. A través de ella, los ecos de estas discusiones y planteos se hacían audibles a un público amplio, en un contexto particularmente sensible a los problemas sociales y a la necesidad de una genuina reforma política.
Barriera, Darío, Historia y justicia. Cultura, política y sociedad en el Río de la Plata (siglos XVI-XIX), Prometeo, Buenos Aires, 2019
Authors: Angeli Sergio
Published: July 2022

El presente ensayo reseña y analiza la estructura y los principales aportes del libro de Darío Barriera Historia y justicia. Cultura, política y sociedad en el Río de la Plata (siglos XVI-XIX). En él, destacamos los aportes que el autor realizó en la reconstrucción del campo disciplinar de la Historia de la Justicia, remarcamos sus aciertos y problematizamos ciertos apartados. La obra que tuvimos el gusto de reseñar es uno de los aportes más significativos que se haya escrito hasta el momento dentro de su disciplina.
Comentario a Historia y Justicia. Cultura, política y sociedad en el Río de la Plata (siglos XVI-XIX), de Darío Barriera. Una lectura desde la historia conceptual del derecho
Authors: Casagrande Agustín E.
Published: July 2022

El presente comentario es una invitación a la lectura, atravesado por la reflexión de la historia conceptual en la crítica de conceptos históricos, categorías historiográficas y campos de saber en su momento de “institución”. Breves marcas que implican considerar metaconceptos como autoridad, y conceptos clave como oeconomía y justicia, en la escritura de una historia de la justicia rioplatense que Darío Barriera presenta en su último trabajo integral.
Presentación
Authors: Goldman Noemí
Published: July 2022

Presentación a cargo de Noemí Goldman.
Un siglo del Boletín
Authors: Djenderedjian Julio
Published: July 2022

En este artículo se presentan algunas líneas fundamentales de la historia centenaria del Boletín del Instituto Ravignani, desde su primera serie desarrollada entre 1922 y 1945 hasta la actual. Se enmarca esa trayectoria dentro de algunos cambios generales que experimentaron los estudios históricos durante esos años, con el fin de comprender mejor el lugar del Boletín en ellos.
Synergistic Effect of Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum), Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and Lemon (Citrus limon) Blended Essential Oils Optimized by Mixture Design for Improving the Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Yeddes Walid , Mejri Islem , Grati-Affes Taycir , Khammassi Saber , Hammami Majdi , Aidi-Wannes Wissem , Saidani-Tounsi Moufida
Published: July 2022

Background: Combining various essential oils (EOs) for developing pharmaceutical formulations has been the focus of attention in recent years. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the antioxidant effect of the combination of three Eos obtained from clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.), lemon peel (Citrus limon L.), and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) by using mixture design. Methods: The EOs of lemon peel (EOL), clove (EOC), and thyme (EOT) as well as their combination were analyzed using a gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector (GC/FID). The antioxidant activities of the EOs from EOL, EOC, and EOT as well as their combination were measured adopting DPPH assay. The construction and statistical analysis of the experiment were designed using the NemrodW (LPRAI, version 2000) software. Results: EOL, EOC, and EOT were found capable of neutralizing DPPH radical. EOC was distinguished by its strongest antiradical activity with IC50=15.02±0.02 µg/mL. EOT had an IC50=29.20±0.12 µg/mL while EOL had 188.69±0.95 µg/mL. The positive standard BHT was detected to be IC50=24±0.02 µg/ mL. The optimal, combinative mixture of essential oils may have been determined based on these isoresponse curves which allowed fixing the ideal combinations of ingredient in terms of quantity to obtain an EO mixture possessing appreciable and optimal antioxidant characteristics. The predicted antioxidant properties determined by the mixing plan model were retained and the experiments were carried out respecting the contents of proposed ingredients of 25.7% EOT, 32.3% EOL, and 41.9% EOC equivalent to 15.42 mg, 19.38 mg and 25.14 mg, respectively. This resulted in arriving at an essential oil mixture with an experimental IC50=11.023±0.145 µg/mL which was similar to those of the predicted antioxidant properties with an order of 10.907±0.212 µg/mL and a non-significant difference of P<0.05, based on which the validity of the proposed mixing plan model was determined. The combined EO was also found to be rich in eugenol (32.35±1.13%), thymol (25.49±0.03%), and limonene (21.30±0.02%). Conclusion: Statistical planning and the development of utility profiles for mixtures of essential oils may have been used to predict the optimal composition as well as to determine their antioxidant profile.
Exogenous Nitric Oxide Up-regulates the Runx2 Via Bmp7 Overexpression to Increase the Osteoblast Matrix Production In Vitro
Authors: Abnos Mohammad Hussein , Sargolzaei Javad , Maleklou Mahsa
Published: July 2022

Background: Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule that is required for the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). According to previous reports, high concentrations of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) inhibit the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, while its low concentration promotes this process. Objectives: The present investigation focused on evaluating the underlying mechanism of the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs treated with low concentrations of SNP as an NO generating agent. Methods: The BMSCs after the 3rd passage was differentiated to osteoblasts when treated with 100 µM for 1 hour every 48 hours until 5, 10, 15, and 20 days of incubation. Then, the matrix production was estimated by quantitative alizarin red assay and calcium determination. The expression of different genes involved in osteogenic differentiation was statistically determined using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Finally, alkaline phosphatase activity was measured by a commercial kit. Results: The exogenous NO caused a significant (P<0.05) increase in the matrix production of differentiated BMSCs from day 5 to 20. The results showed the elevation of alkaline phosphatase activity and the up-regulation of its gene. Eventually, an increase was observed in the expression of a cascade of other genes such as osteonectin, Bmp7, Smad1, Runx2, and Raf1 in treated BMSCs. Conclusion: Overall, short-time treatment with a low concentration of exogenous NO increases the matrix production via gene up-regulation and protein production, which might open a new window in treating the low-density bone complication.
Local Language Symbols in S. Tamilselvi Novels
Authors: V Jeyaparvati
Published: July 2022

Literature creates, develops, safeguards and portrays the likes, dislikes, habits, culture and tradition of a society. When one analyzes the novels that are based on society, it expands itself into multifarious roles. The truth and the reality of societal life are researched based on many concepts known as anthropology, psychology, personality etc. When there is a change in the mind of a man, it reflects itself in society too.  When the changes are not proper when they didn’t go as per morality, there occur numerous troubles and hence there is an imbalance in society. Human beings’ personality is affected badly due to this change in society. The family concept collapses and there occur innumerable problems among human beings and hence man has lost his quality of life. The six novels written by Tamilselvi have been taken for the research. This research intends to find out the themes behind her novels which are having a folklorebase. This research brings out the nature of the local habitat, folklore, custom and tradition.
Punitha Lourdu Madha Ammaanai in the Perspective of Feminist Theology
Authors: L Arun Prakash , G Beschi
Published: July 2022

Theology is common for all the religions. Theology is defined as the study which analyses the relationship between God, World and human beings based on the concepts in the various religious books. Among the religions, Christianity proposes Christian Theology which expresses the presence of God through the life of Jesus Christ. Liberation Theology is known as one of the classifications of Christian theology which instructs the liberation thoughts through their Holy book ‘Bible’.  Feminist theology is one of the branches of liberation theology which deals with the liberation thoughts for the women suppressed in this society. According to this Feminist Theology, this study aims to analyse the minor literature ‘Punitha Lourdu Madha Ammaanai’ written by S.Yagappa Mudhaliyar.
The Political Postulates Constructed in the Epic Perunkathai
Authors: S Jessintha , B Jaiganesh
Published: July 2022

During Sangam era, petty kings those who were ruling small territories or emperors who conquered many countries and built empires have followed monarchy. This was told in verses of Purananuru (400 heroic poems about kings). It said that, kingdom is hereditary; after a king, only his son has the right to rule his empire. Elderly son takes the crown and his siblings govern and support him in ruling the kingdom. The eldest one who got the right to rule differ themselves according to their mind-set. It will be a burden for those who just depend on tax collection from the people of his kingdom. Whereas it will be as easy as carrying a weight less cork for those who has nobility and excellence. Similarly, an epic King named Udhayanan, who has the right and qualities of a King was crowned by his uncle Vikkiran to rule Vaishali in his young age. This article researches and analyses the political ethics of King Udhayanan through the Tamil poem Perungathai (A Tamil poem that portraits history of King Udhayaṇan).
Gratuity of Ethnic Community
Authors: M Selvapriya
Published: July 2022

This thesis will explain the societal functions of an ethnic community (sirur people). This community comesunder thesirur kings and they have no naming tradition. Muvendars are having the tradition of establishing their name in public but thesesirur’snames have not been found in any literature. They habituated in two different typical places named ooirandsirur. Sirur denotes that a limited population habituated in a place. Sirurpeople do not have much wealth to donate, So they stake their possession objectsto keep their benevolence. It is learned that the sirur people borrowed money to meet their basic food needs. They always have the tradition of sharing whatever they have with others instead of keeping it for them. Further, these traits do not exist in other communities. It shows that the virtue of hospitality belongs to the housessirur people. Sirars goes to the war field as a soldier under the orders of the king and it helps them to earn the sufficient income they need instead of living on the meagre income available in their provenances. Sirur people received sufficient money by working as a soldier and soon they become a superior economy (in marudhanilathur) with high possession as a community. Due to social development, They declared war against the king (vendar) and they are defeated by the king which destroyed the sirur community.
The Evolution of the Arts: Kuravanchi Dance Drama
Authors: N Kavitha , M.S Sarala
Published: July 2022

No matter or energy can be created or destroyed. The law of physics is that it can only be transformed into another object or energy. It applicable to the arts also. Art can never suddenly emerge anew. It is influenced by different arts over a while and takes on the appearance of another art based on needs. Therefore, Evolution is the development of another art under the influence of other arts. Thus, the literary art of Kuravanchi has evolved into the art of drama coupling with the arts of music and dance. The purpose of this article is to analyze the organization of the Kuravanchi dance dramas and to observe whether the traces of the above arts can be found in them.
The Status of Women in Poomani’s Novel ‘Piragu’
Authors: V Ganapathy Raman
Published: July 2022

Women are the torchbearers who uplift the family and are the guiding stars of society in the world. The path that these women traverse is rough, because the distinction between male and female, which does not exist in any other species, has grown abundantly in the human race. In today's society, it is considered progressive thinking to eliminate the gender differences that have been created in the present, remove the restrictions implemented on women who have been enslaved for a long time, give them priority, and give them a voice for themselves. This idea is deeply rooted today, widely spoken, and gaining significant importance. It is no overstatement to say that this thought arose out of the need of the hour. Novelists, no matter how famous and highly educated they may be, tend to write in accumulation without clear thinking or proper interpretation only when writing about the status of women. The superiority or inferiority of women is a finite concept, and women are advancing in many fields today. But at the same time, it is a fact that in many families, women are subjected to various forms of harassment and continue to face many incidents of harassment as women are not educated in society. As such, the purpose of this article is to find out how the women found in Poomani's novels in spite of their travel in many dimensions, the background of their life style is depressing, as they face many tragedies on a daily basis in order to set up their lives properly.
ACHIEVABLE MARGINAL EFFICIENCY OF ERROR-CORRECTING BINARY CODES
Authors: АДЖЕМОВ А.С. , АЛЬБОВ Н.Ю.
Published: July 2022

Цифровое представление различных сигналов позволяет на последующих этапах их передачи применять корректирующие коды, обеспечивающие защиту от возможных ошибок, возникающих из-за действия помех в канале связи. При этом важно, чтобы при требуемой корректирующей способности эти коды имели максимально возможную скорость. В статье приводятся результаты расчетов для линейных кодов, показывающие их реально достижимые предельные возможности.

The digital representation of various signals makes it possible to apply error-correcting codes at subsequent stages of their transmission, which provide protection against possible errors arising from interference in the communication channel. At the same time, it is important that these codes have the maximum possible rate for the required corrective ability. The article presents the results of calculations for linear codes, showing their realistically achievable limiting capabilities.