bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF VISUAL ACUITY AFTER A COMBINATION OF CITICHOLINE AND METHYLPREDNISOLONE WITH A SINGLE CITICHOLINE TREATMENT IN NON-ARTERITIC ANTERIOR ISCHEMIC OPTIC NEUROPATHY PATIENTS
Authors: NADYA BEATRIX YOHANNA N.  , Antonia Kartika  , Ine Renata Musa  , Rusti Hanindya Sari  , Dianita Veulina Ginting  , Prettyla Yollamanda
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction & Objectives : Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) accounts for 90-95% of optic neuropathy in the elderly with symptoms of decreased visual acuity. Posterior ciliary brevis hypoperfusion results in ischemia, triggers oxidative stress, axonal edema as well as compartment syndrome leading to retinal ganglion cell death via apoptosis. There is no gold standard therapy for NAION. Citicholine as a neuroprotector agent has shown satisfactory results in the acute and chronic phases. Methylprednisolone is also a therapeutic consideration that decreases capillary permeability thereby promoting faster resolution of disc edema. This study aimed to compare visual acuity in NAION patients with combination therapy of citicholine and methylprednisolone with single citicholine therapy.

Methods : An analytical observational study with retrospective data collection at the National Eye Center of Cicendo Hospital for the period January 2021–February 2022. A total of 59 NAION patients who met the inclusion criteria were then divided into 2 groups, namely receiving a combination of citicholine with corticosteroids and single citicholine treatment.

Results : The mean age in the combination group was 52.57±9.035 and the single group was 57.52±10.319. The number of men and women in the combination group were the same while in the single group women was higher. The risk factors obtained were hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia, and smoking. There was a significant mean difference between initial visual acuity and3 months after therapy in the combination therapy group (p=0.0001) and in the single group. (p=0.002)

Conclusion : Visual acuity in NAION patients with combination therapy of citicholine and methylprednisolone is better than citicholine alone.
Optic Neuropathy Secondary to Linezolid for Multidrug-resistant Mycobacterial Tuberculosis
Authors: ARSI NOVIANA SARI  , Ika Nuraita
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction : Toxic optic neuropathy is well known side effect of medications, including linezolid in patients with MDR-TB. We present 2 cases of patients with linezolid associated ON.

Case Illustration : A 28 year pld man (case 1) and a 50 year old woman complained bilateral progressive visual loss after long term use of linezolid (both 8 months). On initial visit, case 1 presented with 0.1 visual acuity and case 2 presented with counting finger visual acuity. Both have hyperemic optic disc. OCT showed optic disc edema. Both patients showed generalized visual field defect on the Humphrey test. We immediately stopped the linezolid treatment.

Discussion : The exact mechanism of linezolid induced ON is still unclear. It may be caused by impaired mitochondrial function for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis within retinal nerve fiber layer. Duration of linezolid therapy affects the prognosis for linezolid ON.

Conclusion : Both Ophthalmologist and Physicians must be aware that visual function monitoring and early recognition of toxicity linezolid. Immediate cessation of linezolid has favorable visual recovery
Terson’s Syndrome due to Ependymoma: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Priscillia Tondolambung  , Robby Tumewu
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction : Terson's syndrome is often associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Other reported causes, include trauma, tumors, hypertension, perioperative and postoperative intracranial hemorrhage, or increased intracranial pressure. This case demonstrates a unique pathogenesis of Terson's syndrome.

Case Illustration : A 14-year-old boy presented with the blurred vision on both eyes 3 weeks ago, accompanied with nausea, vomiting, and headache, with normal blood pressure measurement (126/80mmHg). He also had a history of head injury. His visual acuity was 6/20 uncorrected with pinhole on both eyes. Both intraocular pressures within normal limits. The anterior segment showed bilateral mid-dilated reactive pupil. Funduscopy revealed bilateral papilledema with peripapillary hemorrhage, similar to retinal vein occlusion, which is suggestive with Terson’s Syndrome. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan showed an ependymoma mass. We consulted this case with Pediatric Neurosurgeon, who planned for ventriculoperitoneal shunt with craniotomy tumor removal.

Discussion : Terson's syndrome now defined as any intraocular hemorrhage associated with intracranial hemorrhage or elevated intracranial pressures. In this case, the etiology was thought to be increased intracranial pressure, which may be caused by ependymoma. Ependymoma is one of the most common central nervous system tumors in children. Intraocular hemorrhage in Terson’s syndrome is often self-limiting, but ependymoma needs neurosurgical intervention, which has lower survival rates for children with posterior fossa tumors.

Conclusion : There are still controversies regarding the pathogenesis of Terson's syndrome. Not the occlusion, but the compression of the central retinal vein, by the increased pressure of cerebrospinal fluid due to high intracranial pressure, which increases the retinal venous pressure and causes retinal hemorrhage.
LARGE V PATTERN EXOTROPIA WITH BILATERAL INFERIOR OBLIQUE OVERACTION AND ITS CHALLENGING MANAGEMENT
Authors: Rahmah Kartika Amelia , Prastyani Reni
Published: February 2024

Introduction : V pattern exotropia is a strabismus pattern with greater divergence in upgaze than downgaze. Various surgical treatment options were defined. This report demonstrates the management of largeV pattern exotropia with bilateral inferior oblique overaction (IOOA) by performing multiple surgeries.

Case Illustration : A 20-year-old male came with a chief complaint of squinting eyes outward in both eyes since 9 years old. There was 90 PD exotropia in upgaze, 70 PD in primary gaze, 50 PD in downgaze. Bilateral IOOA grading was +3. Management in this patient was bilateral rectus lateral recession with partial hang back technique 11 mm and inferior oblique anteriorization of both eyes 1 mm posterior to inferior rectus muscle insertion. The IOOA on both eyes was eliminated post-operative, but there was 30 PD residual exotropia. The second step will be bilateral medial rectus resection.

Discussion : A large V pattern with IOOA is challenging for management because it requires surgery of 2 muscles for each eye. The lateral rectus and inferior oblique muscles are close, so it was advantageous to operate simultaneously. Large exotropia requires surgery on many muscles, however operating on more than two muscles in one eye at a time can cause anterior segment ischemia. Therefore, bilateral medial rectus resection for residual exotropia will be done at different times.

Conclusion : Large V pattern exotropia with inferior oblique overaction is a challenging case to manage. Due to its complex nature, it is advantageous to operate adjacent muscles.
Bleb Needling Procedure in Juvenile Open Angle Glaucoma (JOAG) for Failed Bleb in Trabeculectomy
Authors: Putri Rizqi Suryani , Nuradianti Lydia
Published: February 2024

Introduction : JOAG is less responsive to medications and often requires surgical therapy. The main choice of surgery is trabeculectomy. One of its success rates is determined by the formation of bleb. Failed bleb causes an increase in IOP. To repair the bleb, bleb needling can be performed as a simple procedure.

Case Illustration : A 7-year-old boy came with a chief complaint of pain accompanied by redness of the left eye. The patient was diagnosed with JOAG and had underwent trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C (MMC) 3 months ago on the right eye and 2 months ago on the left eye with complete success surgery. On physical examination, intraocular pressure (IOP) was 12 mmHg / 29 mmHg with flat bleb on the left eye. Visual acuity on the right eye was 3/10 with cc C-2.00 X 0° ? 7/10 while on the left eye was light perception without possible refractive correction. Timolol maleate and latanoprost eye drops were given for 2 weeks but the IOP remained high. Therefore, the patient underwent bleb needling with 5- Fluorouracil (5-FU) on the left eye. Post-operatively, the IOP was 12 mmHg without antiglaucoma medication.

Discussion : Failure of the trabeculectomy bleb can occur due to fibrotic proliferation as part of the wound healing response. Studies stated 5-FU bleb needling provide clinically significant IOP lowering and minimal complication. Reduced IOP post needling and formation of bleb indicate successful needling.

Conclusion : Bleb is an important indicator of a success trabeculectomy surgery. Bleb needling with 5-FU could be considered as effective and safe procedure after trabeculectomy failure.
DIRECT CAROTID CAVERNOSUS FISTULA
Authors: Monica Camilla Chandra  , Stevanus Paliliewu  , Robby Tumewu  , Gilbert Tangkudung
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction : Carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) is an abnormal communication between the cavernous sinus and the carotid arterial system, most commonly due to head trauma from a basal skull fracture creating a tear in the internal carotid artery (ICA) within the cavernous sinus.

Case Illustration : A 15 years old girl presented with orbital pain, swelling, swishing or buzzing sounds, headache, and vision loss. Five months ago, she had a history of traumatic injury and undergone craniotomy. From physical examination Orbital ultrasound presence with dilated superior ophthalmic vein, which appears as a hollow tubular structure with no internal echo. MRI scan show a mass suggestive carotid cavernosus fistula dextra. DSA result confirmed the diagnose as direct carotid cavernosus fistula dextra as communication between internal carotid artery and sinus cavernosus. The patient was treated with neuroprotective along medication followed by endovascular treatment from the neurointervention department.

Discussion : The classic triad of CCF includes pulsatile exophthalmos, chemosis and orbital bruit. Ophthalmic manifestations of CCFs vary widely depending on underlying aetiology, type, size, location, blood flow rate and drainage route of the CCF. Patient initially undergo noninvasive imaging with orbital ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Digital subtraction angiography is the gold standard in the diagnosis of CCF and must be performed before any potential intervention.

Conclusion : This case describes a patient who was diagnose with direct carotid cavernous fistula of the right eye.
POTENCY OF OCIMUM SANCTUM EXTRACT L OINTMENT ON THE MANAGEMENT PARTIAL-THICKNESS PALPEBRAL LACERATION, IS IT A NOVELTY TO BE CONSIDERED AS AN ALTERNATIVE THERAPY?: REVIEW ON HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL
Authors: Muhammad Insanul Kamil Rery
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction & Objectives : Ocimum sanctum extract (OSE) has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties which are responsible for wound healing. This study aims to analyze the effect of 5%, 10%, and 15% OSE ointment on changes in collagen density and fibroblast count in Wistar rats with partial-thickness palpebral laceration.

Methods : Laboratory experimental study with randomized post-test only control group design. The subjects were 30 rats divided into 5 groups: The placebo; Gentamicin 0.3%; OSE 5%; OSE 10% and OSE 15% group. The intervention was administered 2 times/day for 4 days. On the fifth day, the eyelid tissue was obtained to make histopathological preparations and to observe the collagen density and fibroblast count. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney, One-Way ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis, and Tamhane test. A p-value <0.05 was assigned to the statistically significant.

Results : The placebo group revealed loose collagen tissue and OSE 15% and gentamicin group revealed dense collagen tissue. The low fibroblast count was in the gentamicin and OSE 15% group and the highest fibroblast count was in the placebo group with a mean of 19.77±3.29; 22,67±0,73 and 60.9±10.66 cells, respectively. There was a significant difference (p<0.001) in the collagen density and the fibroblast count based on the treatment groups. Posthoc tests revealed differences in the collagen density level and the fibroblast count between the placebo and the whole group.

Conclusion : There was a significant difference between placebo and all groups of collagen density changes and fibroblast count. There was no difference between OSE 15% and gentamicin both microscopically and statistically.
CONQUERING THE AMBIGUITY OF OPTIC ATROPHY IN NORMAL TENSION GLAUCOMA: FROM MYSTERY TO MASTERY
Authors: Hakim Affannul , Komaratih Evelyn , Nurwasis  , Primitasari Yulia
Published: February 2024

Introduction : The dilemma in diagnosing glaucoma often arises when optic atrophy is found alongside nonspecific glaucomatous findings and normal intraocular pressure (IOP), particularly in cases of normal tension glaucoma (NTG). This gray zone often leads to doubt and misdiagnosis.

Case Illustration : A 70-year-old man previously diagnosed with idiopathic bilateral optic atrophy complained of blurred vision in both eyes. The visual acuity was 5/5 in the right eye (RE) and hand movement in the left eye (LE). Both eyes had normal IOP, open angles with Sampaolesi lines on gonioscopy, fibrin deposits at pupillary margins, and a large cup-to-disc ratio with baring and peripapillary atrophy on funduscopy. The OCT examination revealed thinning in the ONH-RNFL, ILM-RPE, and GCL-IPL complexes. HFA revealed tunnel vision in RE and general depression in LE. The patient was suspected of having NTG. We performed BMO-MRW (less than 100 ?m in both eyes) and 24-hour ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) measurements (less than 50 mmHg at night) to support the diagnosis.

Discussion : The BMO-MRW examination is a new parameter that can help establish the diagnosis of glaucoma. A thin BMO-MRW finding suggests that optic atrophy originates from glaucoma. It is important to perform a comprehensive examination in cases of NTG to identify risk factors and prevent the development of glaucoma. Decreased OPP to less than 50 mmHg and PEX syndrome may be risk factors for NTG.

Conclusion : In cases of doubtful optical atrophy, it is important to consider the possibility of NTG by performing a comprehensive examination, including BMO-MRW and twenty-four hour OPP measurements.
Ocular Melanoma Clinical Characteristics in Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta: A 5-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Kevin Setiawan
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction & Objectives : Ocular melanoma is a rare and potentially deadly type of cancer that affects the cells in the eye responsible for producing pigmentation. Unlike skin melanoma, which is more common and arises from the skin, ocular melanoma occurs within the eye itself, often developing in the choroid, ciliary body, or iris. Although rare, ocular melanoma is the most common primary cancer of the eye in adults. This abstract aims to provide the prevalence and clinical characteristics of ocular melanoma in a tertiary referral hospital in Yogyakarta.

Methods : A retrospective study was conducted in 2022. Medical records of patients diagnosed with ocular melanoma between January 2016 – December 2020 were analyzed. Prevalence rates, patient demographic, clinical characteristics, type of ocular melanoma, and treatment were evaluated.

Results : Ten patients were included in the study and the ratio was equal in men and women. Patients came from East Java (40%), Central Java (30%), and Yogyakarta Province (30%). The initial symptom was a predominantly growing spot on the eye (60%). All patients had unilateral ocular melanoma, predominantly in the left eye (80%). The origin of the tumor was conjunctival melanoma (30%), orbital melanoma (30%), uveal melanoma (20%), choroidal melanoma (10%), and eyelid melanoma (10%). The modality of treatment is predominantly surgical with chemotherapy (30%).

Conclusion : The most common initial symptom of ocular melanoma was a growing spot on the eye and most cases were treated by surgery with chemotherapy.
THE EFFECT OF SUPER OXIDE DISMUTASE (SOD) ON THE HEALING OF WHITE RAT CORNEAL EPITHELIAL WOUNDS CORNEAL EPITHELIAL WOUNDS
Authors: AGUNG DARMAWAN
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction & Objectives : Keratitis and corneal erosion are part of eye trauma. Injury to the cornea will cause cell damage, triggering an inflammatory reaction that can increase the production of ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species). SOD (Superoxide Dismutase), one of the endogenous enzymatic antioxidants works by limiting the level of inflammation of the corneal damage caused by oxidation. Objective: Determine the effect of superoxide dismutase concentrations of 2%, 3%, 5% and placebo on the healing of corneal epithelial wound lesions in white rats with corneal trauma models

Methods : Experimental study pre and post-test only with control group design in vivo with 24 samples of white wistar rats that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research was conducted at the Animal House Laboratory, the Biotechnology Laboratory of the UNSRI Medical Faculty and the Eureka Research Center laboratory within 6 months.

Results : 5% SOD showed a smaller reduction in wound area with the largest reduction (mean 0.67cm ± 0.007) followed by SOD 3% (mean 0.67cm ± 0.005). SOD 3% and 5% significantly correlated with weak strength at 48 hours and 72 hours. A significant reduction in the area of corneal epithelial wound lesions was only seen at 48 hours.

Conclusion : SOD 5% most affected the healing of corneal epithelial wound lesions, followed by SOD 3%. SOD concentrations of 3% and 5% had a significant correlation on corneal epithelial wound healing at 48 and 72 hours with weak correlation strength.
Ab-Interno Bleb Needling in A Failed Trabeculectomy: A Case Report
Authors: Natan Priscilla Christina , Yinvill  , Rahayu Ni Kompyang , Wetarini Krisnhaliani
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Trabeculectomy remains a gold standard of glaucoma surgical management despite a steady rate of bleb failure due to conjunctival scarring. In this case, we report a case of a failed trabeculectomy managed with ab-interno bleb needling followed by antimetabolite injection of mitomycin C.

Case Illustration : A 18-year-old male patient with a history of blurry vision in his right eye and vision loss in his left eye. The patient had previously undergone cataract surgery due to juvenile cataracts and developed persistent high intraocular pressure (IOP) in both of his eyes. A trabeculectomy was performed on his right eye six months prior to the examination; however, the IOP remained at 22 mmHg. Ocular examination revealed a shallow anterior chamber and flat conjunctival bleb. An ab-interno bleb needling technique was performed followed by antimetabolite injection of mitomycin C under local anesthesia in an operating theatre. Follow-up results showed a significant reduction of IOP on the first day (13.3 mmHg) and a week after surgery (18.5 mmHg), maintained by one anti-glaucoma eye drop.

Discussion : Trabeculectomy filtration surgery has a high failure rate in younger patients due to a high risk of conjunctival scarring. The ab-interno needling approach with mitomycin C injection is a novel technique that can be performed and offers the advantage of increasing aqueous outflow through a direct opening of the trabecular meshwork from within the anterior chamber.

Conclusion : This technique provides effective management of failed trabeculectomy to achieve intraocular pressure lowering effect and a corresponding decrease in the risk of progressive glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
Successful Therapy and Relapse Rates of Typical and Atypical Optic Neuritis
Authors: M.HIDAYAT  , Havilah Zeki Rosa
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction & Objectives : The annual incidence of Optic Neuritis (ON) has been reported increased, 0.56 and 5.1 cases per 100,000. Early diagnosis is essential to prompt an appropriate treatment, define the successfulness of therapy, and identify the incidency of relapse. The availability of neuroimaging (CT Scan, MRI) supporting diagnosis accuracy thus increase the incidence number. This paper aims at presenting the successful therapy and relapse rates of typical and atypical ON.

Methods : This is an observational study towards typical and atypical ON. The sample is every patient who diagnosed with ON in the neuroophthalmology outpatient policlinic of M Djamil Hospital from January 2017 to December 2022. The sample should meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Every patients were treated using Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (ONTT) protocol. The data respecting clinical characteristics, treatment results, and relapse is being collected and analyzed.

Results : We collected 50 subject who meets the ON criteria, involving 69 eyes. It mostly affected women (66%), less than 50 years old (88%), unilateral (62%), and have no systemic disease (76%). The visual acuity is increased after treatment in 92.8%. 7.2% not getting better, and no visual acuity worsening. We found 2 relapse cases (4%), 1 affected the same eye, and another involve the fellow eye.

Conclusion : The successful rate of therapy in typical and atypical ON is quite good. But, some patients with clinically severe ON, have systemic diseases such as diabetes, and late for treatment didn't have an improvement even after therapy. Relapse cases is found in small percentage.
Eyelid Malposition, the Basic Examination
Authors: HENDRIATI JEFRIANTO
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction & Objectives : Eyelid malposition is when the eyelids become abnormally positioned due to various causes. The disorder is not aesthetically-pleasing and can lead to visual and ocular problems, which can be serious. The main cause of eyelid malposition is aging, as the tissues surrounding the eyes relax as we age. It can also occur as a result of paralysis of the facial nerve (Bell's palsy), trauma, scarring, and surgery

Methods : The types of eyelid malposition are: 1)Ptosis, a drooping upper eyelid, with difficulty in opening the eyelid voluntarily. In some cases, it is so severe that the eyelid covers the axis of the pupil and hinders correct vision in the affected eye. 2)Entropion, inward turning of the eyelid towards itself. It may be the lower eyelid or the upper eyelid, causing the eyelashes to rub against the cornea and eye surface, and 3)Ectropion, is the rotation towards the outside of the lower eyelid. Very often, it causes the tears to build up at the mid point without being able to drain and the patient notices their eye watering.

Results : There are some examination for each type eyelid malpositions, like for ptosis: fissure palpebral vertical, fissure palpebral horizontal, levator function, margin limbal distance, margin reflex distance, and bell’s phenomenon. Examination for entropion and ectropion including squeeze test, distraction test, snap and snap-back test, medial and lateral canthal laxity.

Conclusion : Careful examination is required to diagnose and manage eyelid malposition.
MANAGEMENT OF PHACOMORFIC GLAUCOMA WITH FILTRATION SURGERY
Authors: Nabdakh Alifvia , Subsp GL Dr. dr. Fidalia Sp.M (K) , Sari Sp.M (K) Subsp GL Dr. Prima Maya
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Phacomorphic glaucoma is form of glaucoma that occurs due to a swollen cataractous lens. Filtration surgery in one of the option for managing phacomorphic glaucoma. This surgical approach can be effective in controlling intraocular pressure and preventing further damage to the optic nerve

Case Illustration : A 53 yo female complaints of progressively blurry vision in her left eye. The LE visual acuity 6/30 and IOP 25,9. The gonioscopy showed a close-angle impression in all quadrants, VH gr 1. Also thereis increase lens opacity , Posterior segment examination revealed ]cup/disc ratio of 0.9 and cupping. The patient was diagnosed with secondary glaucoma (phacomorphic). Filtration surgery of trabeculectomy + 5-FU is performed

Discussion : The patient was treated with trabeculectomy and 5-FU, resulting in IOP to 17 mmHg. The surgical procedure is aim to reduce intraocular pressure to create a channel and reservoir for blocked aqueous humor, resulting in decreased IOP and stopping the damage process to the optic nerve. This approach aims to increase the success rate and reduce the likelihood of complications during the operation.

Conclusion : The limportance of prompt management of phacomorphic glaucoma to prevent permanent vision loss, and the use of trabeculectomy as an effective surgical approach in controlling intraocular pressure and preventing further damage to the optic. Cataract extraction surgery remains the definitive therapy for phacomorphic glaucoma cases, and this approach should be considered in the future management of the patient
Trends of Diagnostic and Surgery of Intraocular Foreign Body: a 20 Years Review
Authors: Nadya Eunice Sumolang  , Venny D. Yolanda  , Muhammad Ihsan
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction & Objectives : Intraocular foreign bodies remain a common cause of ocular emergencies worldwide. Early and proper diagnostics and management are needed to reduce morbidity. In this paper, we reviewed the diagnostic and surgery trends of IOFB in the last 20 years. We aim to serve the update and better understand how to manage cases of IOFBs properly.

Methods : We conducted a literature review on Scopus from 2002 to 2022 using the PRISMA method (assisted by the Watase UAKE application). We include imaging and surgery data in cases of metallic and non- metallic IOFB in the anterior, intralenticular, and posterior segments.

Results : Thirty-one studies were included from Scopus and reference digging. We then classified the study into two main topics, surgery and diagnostic. In the last 20 years, imaging in diagnosis has been beneficial. CT-scan and MRI are still the leading options in visualizing metallic and non-metallic IOFB, respectively. However, in the case of tiny IOFB, MRI might be performed to visualize the metallic component with special considerations. IOCT also be considered to ensure no IOFB is left behind after removal. As for surgery, combining IOFB removal with pars plana vitrectomy remains the primary choice for IOFB in the posterior segment, combined with phacoemulsification and IOL implantation for the intralenticular and magnetic for the anterior segment. Combining two or more surgical techniques improves outcomes and prevents postoperative complications.

Conclusion : A proper understanding of the components, location, and size of IOFB is required to determine the use of practical examinations and management of IOFB cases.
Outcome of laser Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: IDAYANI PANGGALO
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction & Objectives : Retinopathy of prematurity is a proliferative disorder that requires urgent treatment. Proper case finding and treatment will prevent permanent blindness in infants. Laser photocoagulation is an preferred technique for the treatment of ROP. Aim of this study to describe the result of laser indirect Ophthalmoscopy in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Methods : This is Observational retrospective study, from 1130 screening procedures during 2020 until 2022. This study found 41 ROP patients who had received therapy.

Results : From 43 patients who received therapy, most were ROP stage 3 (80%), APROP (19%) and the rest were Stage IV A . 40 infants received lasers photocoagulation, and one infant received both laser photocoagulation and intravitreal anti-VEGF. Regression was found in all cases of stage 3 ROP. Patients with aggressive posterior ROP also were treated successfully, except one patient progressed to stage 4 ROP.

Conclusion : with screening and prompt treatment, good outcomes have been obtained for infants with ROP
Efficacy and Safety of Iris-Claw and Scleral Fixated Intraocular Lens in Pediatric Ectopia Lentis : A Systematic Review
Authors: SITI HALIDA Z. SORAYA
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction & Objectives : Ectopia lentis is a condition that involves displacement of the crystalline lens because of weakened or damaged zonules. Surgical intervention is indicated in cases of poor best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and progressive severity of subluxation. This systematic review aims to elucidate current evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of iris-claw and scleral-fixated intraocular lenses (IOLs) to treat children with ectopia lentis.

Methods : A comprehensive search from multiple electronic databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, Scopus, EBSCO, Wiley, and Embase within the last ten years of publication. All seventeen studies matched with studies’ criteria were included in this review and assessed with eligibility assessment tools. The outcomes extracted and compared were BCVA, endothelial cell density, postoperative complications, IOL stability, and intraocular pressure (IOP).

Results : Seventeen studies were included in this review; three observational studies, nine retrospective studies and five interventional studies in which majority have a low risk of bias. Significant improvement of post-operative BCVA on both IOLs. The most frequent complications found on ICIOL was pupillary ovalization, while SCIOL was eye infection. Endothelial cell loss was higher in SCIOL, and both IOL showed no significant difference (p > 0,05) in terms of the post-operative IOP. Dislocation of IOL more frequently found on ICIOL. However, ICIOL much more preferred due to less manipulation and duration of surgery.

Conclusion : ICIOL and SFIOL were both effective and safe for treating pediatric ectopia lentis. There was no superiority in which technique is better, technique varied according to each surgeon's preference.
Efficacy and Safety of Iris-Claw and Scleral Fixated Intraocular Lens in Pediatric Ectopia Lentis : A Systematic Review
Authors: SORAYA SITI HALIDA Z. , Estu Dian
Published: February 2024

Introduction & Objectives : Ectopia lentis is a condition that involves displacement of the crystalline lens because of weakened or damaged zonules. Surgical intervention is indicated in cases of poor best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and progressive severity of subluxation. This systematic review aims to elucidate current evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of iris-claw and scleral-fixated intraocular lenses (IOLs) to treat children with ectopia lentis.

Methods : A comprehensive search from multiple electronic databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, Scopus, EBSCO, Wiley, and Embase within the last ten years of publication. All seventeen studies matched with studies’ criteria were included in this review and assessed with eligibility assessment tools. The outcomes extracted and compared were BCVA, endothelial cell density, postoperative complications, IOL stability, and intraocular pressure (IOP).

Results : Seventeen studies were included in this review; three observational studies, nine retrospective studies and five interventional studies in which majority have a low risk of bias. Significant improvement of post-operative BCVA on both IOLs. The most frequent complications found on ICIOL was pupillary ovalization, while SCIOL was eye infection. Endothelial cell loss was higher in SCIOL, and both IOL showed no significant difference (p > 0,05) in terms of the post-operative IOP. Dislocation of IOL more frequently found on ICIOL. However, ICIOL much more preferred due to less manipulation and duration of surgery.

Conclusion : ICIOL and SFIOL were both effective and safe for treating pediatric ectopia lentis. There was no superiority in which technique is better, technique varied according to each surgeon's preference.
CORRELATION BETWEEN CHANGES IN INTRA OCULAR PRESSURE AND MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE BEFORE AND AFTER DIALYSIS IN REGULAR DIALYSIS PATIENTS
Authors: Dewi Anak Agung Ayu Surya Nirmala , Kusumadjaja I Made Agus , Pemayun Cokorda Istri Dewiyani
Published: February 2024

Introduction & ObjectivesGlaucoma is an eye disorder characterized by glaucomatous optic neuropathy with a typical visualfield defect and increased intraocular pressure (IOP).The incidence of glaucoma in dialysis patient is8.18/10,000 person. The dialysis process may change the IOP and Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)which may lead to glaucoma. The aims of this study are to determine whether there was a change inIOP and MAP and to determine the correlation between changes in IOP and MAP due to dialysis.

MethodsThis is an observational study with cross sectional approach using stratified sampling method. Thesubjects were all regular dialysis patient at the Dialysis Unit in Sanglah Hospital period April-May2021 with total 63 people. The data taken are age,gender ,duration of dialysis, fasting blood sugar,urea and serum creatinine level before dialysis. Subjects were measured IOP and calculated MAPbefore and after dialysis.

ResultsMean of age of this study was 47,03±12,06 years old and dominated by male. Paired T-Test showedno significant changes IOP after dialysis but there were significant decreased on systolic, diastolicand MAP. Pearson correlation showed no correlation between changes of IOP and MAP afterdialysis. Multivariate analysis shows significant correlation between changes of IOP with urea levelbefore dialysis.

ConclusionIOP after dialysis was not increased in this study. Systolic, diastolic and MAP were decreased afterdialysis compared to before dialysis. There is no correlation between changes in IOP and MAP afterdialysis compared to before dialysis. Urea level before dialysis may be associated with increased IOPafter dialysis.
SURGICAL THERAPHY FOR PRIMARY GLAUCOMA IN DR. KARIADI GENERAL HOSPITAL SEMARANG DURING JANUARY 2020 TO DECEMBER 2022
Authors: Bestari Zeta Aisyah , Maharani  , Puspasari Denti L. , Rahmi Fifin L.
Published: February 2024

Introduction & ObjectivesGlaucoma can be treated with medicamentose, non invasive surgery, and invasive surgery. Thisstudy aim to determine the frequency and type of invasive surgery for primary glaucoma in Dr.Kariadi General Hospital during January 2020 to December 2022.

MethodsThis was a descriptive research using secondary data obtained from electronic medical records,consist of gender, age, diagnosis, and type of surgery. The sample were taken with purposivesampling which are fullfill the inclusion criteria.

ResultsThere were total of 395 eyes (395 patients) with primary glaucoma who underwent surgery, consistof 33% patients with open angle glaucoma (POAG) and 67% patients with angle closure glaucoma(PACG). Most common surgical theraphy for POAG was trabeculectomy (37%), followed bycombination of trabeculectomy and cataract surgery (32%), cataract surgery (16%),cyclocryotheraphy (10%), implantation of glaucoma drainage device (4%), and goniosynechialysis(1%). For PACG, most often used was combination of trabeculectomy and cataract surgery (61%),cataract surgery (13%), cyclocryotheraphy (12%), trabeculectomy (11%), combination of cataractsurgery and goniosynechialysis (2%), and implantation of glaucoma drainage device (1%).

ConclusionThe most common type of surgery was trabeculectomy for primary open angle glaucoma andcombination of trabeculectomy and cataract surgery for primary angle closure glaucoma.
Anosmia due to bilateral papillary atrophy : a case report
Authors: Anggia Dwi Kora  , Dr. dr. M. Hidayat Sp.M(K)
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction : Papillary atrophy refers to degeneration of the optic nerve, which occurs as an end result of a pathological process that damages the axons, with ophthalmoscopic observation showing pallor of the optic nerve papillae which generally accompanies permanent damage to the optic nerve.

Case Illustration : It was reported that a 36 year old woman came to the polyclinic with complaints of not being able to see in both eyes since 8 months ago. Complaints of blurred vision in both eyes are followed by smell that cannot smell. This complaint has been getting worse for the past 2 weeks. On brain MRI examination, results were obtained with SOL impressions in the midline frontalis area with perifocal edema ec, suspected olfactory groove meningioma.

Discussion : In this case SOL is located in the midline frontal area so that the patient complains of loss of smell sensation (anosmia). The presence of a frontal or subfrontal tumor can compress the optic tract and optic nerve together. Optic tract compression will cause anosmia. Olfactory disturbances are strongly associated with anterior cerebral fossa tumors.

Conclusion : Secondary papillary atrophy is caused by increased intracranial pressure caused by a mass tumor which is preceded by papilledema signs and eventually becomes papillary atrophy, and gives a pale optic papillae with blurred boundaries. Brain CT scan examinations are important to estimate the location of the lesion.
Topical Treatment for Dry Eye Disease Related to Sjögren's Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Priscilla Jessica  , Syafa Sadida Zahra
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction & Objectives : Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by dry eyes and dry mouth caused by inflammation in exocrine glands. Dry eye with SS is often more severe than non-SS dry eye and can greatly affect patients’ quality of life, thus treatment modalities must be selected carefully. This study aims to evaluate the recent studies on topical treatment for dry eye disease related to SS and provide evidence based recommendation for clinical practice.

Methods : Electronic literature search was performed through the PubMed and Cochrane database from the last 10 years. We only included studies with prospective clinical trial design, a follow-up period of at least 4 weeks, and had outcome parameters among the following: Ocular Surface Disease Index, Schirmer test, tear break up time, tear meniscus height, and corneal fluorescein staining.

Results : Fifteen studies were selected from 125 articles retrieved. We identified clinical trials using tacrolimus, cyclosporine, cortisol phosphate, diquafosol, rebamipide, fluorometholone, hydrocortisone, clobetasone butyrate, autologous serum, autologous platelet lysate, artificial tear, and various type of vehicles including hyaluronic acid, sodium hyaluronate, almond oil, ceftazidime,or saline solution.

Conclusion : Cyclosporine has comparably equal efficacy to corticosteroid eye drops in improving signs and symptoms of dry eye in SS, but with a better safety for long-term use. Autologous serum is also an effective therapy with the best concentration being 100% serum (no dilution). Diquafosol is a promising therapy but more research is needed to confirm its efficacy and safety.
Correlation Between Axial Length And Melatonin Serum Levels (Mel) In Teenagers With Myopia
Authors: Sefira dwi ramadhany  , Fithria Aldy  , Aryani Atiyatul Amra
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction & Objectives : To determine correlation between axial length and melatonin serum levels (mel) in teenagers with myopia

Methods : This research is an analytic observational with a case control design. A total of 52 subjects with myopia eyes in the study and control group.

Results : The average melatonin level in the case group was 179.67 pg/mL (SD = 146.48 pg/mL) in the control group, the average was 111.56 pg/mL (SD = 48.72 pg/mL). Melatonin levels were highest in the group of subjects with severe myopia with an average of 250.36 pg/mL (SD = 304.89), moderate myopia with an average of 188.93 pg / mL (SD = 131 pg/mL), and the lowest melatonin levels in the emmetropic group with a mean of 111.56 pg/mL (SD = 48.72 pg/mL). Using the Kruskal Wallis test showed that there were differences in melatonin levels based on the degree of myopia (p = 0.278). Melatonin levels differed significantly between emmetropic subjects with mild myopia (p = 0.014), moderate myopia (p = 0.012). However, there was no difference in melatonin levels between subjects with emmetropia and severe myopia (p = 0.338)

Conclusion : There was no significant correlation between melatonin levels and axial length (p = 0.401) and the degree of myopia (p = 0.055)
CHEMICAL OCULAR INJURY BY POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE
Authors: Saraya Amajida
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction & Objectives : Chemical ocular injury is an emergency case and commonly occured among children. Alkaline chemical ocular injury is more destructive especially due to saponification. One of the rare chemical ocular injury is alkaline trauma by Potassium Permanganate (KMNO4)
Methods : A case of a three-year-old boy patient brought by his mother in emergency department at Cicendo Eye Hospital with severe pain, redness, and swelling of the left eye. Ten hours earlier, the patient was playing and accidentally exposed to KMNO4. Visual acuity of the right eye was 6/6 and the left eye was difficult to examine. Ophthalmological examination revealed superior and inferior palpebra are swelling, KMNO4 adhered tightly on conjunctival tarsal superior, inferior, and conjunctival bulbi inferior until fornix and temporal area. Cornea was hazed and iris shadow test positive so he was diagnosed with Chemical Trauma Ropper Hall grade II OS. Treatment begins with irrigation 2 litres of normal saline until pH 7 along with debridement of KMNO4 from conjunctival tarsal superior inferior and bulbi. The patient underwent installation of transplanted amniotic membrane and debridement under anasthesia
Results : Management in the initial phase is irrigation. The definitive therapy requires surgery to speed up the healing process. Complications that often occur are corneal limbal cell deficiency, dry eye, symblepharon formation, secondary glaucoma, and complicated cataracts
Conclusion : Alkali chemical injury is hazardous and can lead to severe vision threatening complications because of saponification. Prompt and aggressive management is required in such cases to give them the best chance of a more favourable outcome
Hemi-Jensen Procedure as Heavy Eye Syndrome Treatment: A Case Series
Authors: Farhani Harlin , Julita
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Heavy eye syndrome is an acquired myopia-associated strabismus characterized by esotropia and hypotropia accompanied by abduction and elevation limitations. This case series reports two heavy eye syndrome patients that underwent hemi-Jensen procedure combined with medial rectus recession with good postoperative result.

Case Illustration : A 60-year-old female had right eye (RE) fixed inward and bilateral high myopia (S-13.00 D). RE Hirschberg test: >45° esotropia and hypotropia and RE axial length (AL) 28.3 mm. Second patient, a 53-year-old female, had both eyes fixed inward and bilateral high myopia (S-12.00 D). Both eyes Hirschberg test: >45° esotropia and hypotropia, left eye AL 31.4 mm, and prephthisis RE. Intraoperative identification of both patients revealed displacement of superior and lateral rectus muscles. No surgery performed on prephthisis eye. Hemi-Jensen procedure combined with medial rectus recession resulted in orthophoria (first patient) and central position in primary gaze (second patient), with improved ocular motility on both patients.

Discussion : Heavy eye syndrome occurs in eyes with high myopia. The elongated globe in high myopia results in superotemporal herniation of the globe and superior and lateral rectus muscles displacement, which increases depression and adduction force. Hemi-Jensen procedure is a loop myopexy procedure which corrects the deviated muscle paths in heavy eye syndrome. Concurrent medial rectus recession can be performed with hemi-Jensen procedure if there is likely contracture of medial rectus.

Conclusion : Heavy eye syndrome is a strabismus fixus condition which occurs in eyes with high myopia. Hemi- Jensen procedure is an effective treatment for heavy eye syndrome which improves ocular alignment and motility.
Síndrome Coronariana Aguda com Supra de ST em Paciente Jovem sem Comorbidades
Authors: Nadson Duarte Silva Júnior  , Renato Moraes Pereira Figueiredo  , Marcus Vinicius Santos Andrade  , Gilson Soares Feitosa
Published: February 2024

A Síndrome Coronariana Aguda é uma importante causa de morbimortalidade em nosso meio. Frequentemente acomete jovens em idade produtiva. Existem fatores de risco bem documentados e alguns emergentes a serem investigados. Este trabalho é um relato de caso de um paciente jovem, sem comorbidades, que apresentou infarto agudo do miocárdio, sem evidências de aterosclerose e histórico de exposição recente a tabagismo, esteroides anabolizantes e estimulantes.
Síndrome de DRESS (Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms) por Sulfassalazina em paciente em tratamento para Doença Inflamatória Intestinal
Authors: Isabela Caroso Marques  , Yandra Gordiano Amâncio  , Marjorie Desiree Medrado Mascarenhas  , Gilson Soares Feitosa
Published: February 2024

A síndrome de DRESS (Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms) é uma reação adversa medicamentosa grave caracterizada por uma extensa erupção cutânea associada ao envolvimento de órgãos viscerais, linfadenopatia, eosinofilia e linfocitose atípica. Este trabalho é um relato de caso de uma paciente que apresentou um quadro de DRESS induzido por sulfassalazina diante de uma suspeita de retocolite ulcerativa, diagnóstico questionável, sendo necessário mais exames complementares para diagnóstico definitivo.
MENYELAMATKAN HARMONI KELUARGA: Implementasi Pusat Pembelajaran Keluarga di Klampis Ngasem Kota Surabaya
Authors: Safitrii Diana , Bataha Katerina
Published: February 2024

Domestic violence is a complex phenomenon that causes violence to harm family members. Domestic violence refers to behaviour involving physical, psychological, and sexual abuse by one family member against another. It often occurs in the context of a close relationship, such as between a married couple or between a parent and child. PUSPAGA Balai RW is a program created by the Surabaya Government that aims to provide prevention and handling services in overcoming family problems and providing protection to women and children in Surabaya. This research uses qualitative research methods with a descriptive approach. The result of this research is the implementation of the PUSPAGA Program in efforts to prevent and handle domestic violence in Klampis Ngasem Surabaya. From the results of the study, it was found that PUSPAGA can implement the prevention and handling of domestic violence in Klampis Ngasem Surabaya in accordance with the directions. Even so in the resource variable, there are still several obstacles that are often faced, such as the lack of PUSPAGA facilitators at Balai RW.