bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Passive Immunisation in the Treatment of Infectious Diseases Related to Highly Potent Bacterial Toxins
Authors: Prygiel Marta , Mosiej Ewa , Wdowiak Karol , Zasada Aleksandra Anna
Published: December 2024

The discovery of microbial toxins as the primary factors responsible for disease manifestations and the discovery that these toxins could be neutralised by antitoxins are linked to the birth of immunology. In the late 19th century, the serum or plasma of animals or patients who had recovered from infectious diseases or who had been immunised with a relevant antigen began to be used to treat or prevent infections. Before the advent of widespread vaccination campaigns, antitoxins played a key role in the treatment and prevention of diseases such as diphtheria and tetanus. A significant reduction in mortality following the introduction of antitoxins confirmed their efficacy. Serum therapy remains an important measure for post-exposure prophylaxis and for the treatment of unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated patients. For the botulinum toxin, antitoxin therapy continues to be the sole available treatment. The manuscript contains a summary of the most important information on the passive immunoprophylaxis used in the treatment of diphtheria, tetanus, and botulism, all representing diseases in which symptoms are driven by the activity of highly potent bacterial toxins.
Tocilizumab in COVID-19: A Double-Edged Sword?
Authors: Kudliński Bartosz , Zawadzki Jacek , Kulińska Wiktoria , Kania Jagoda , Murkos Magdalena , Stolińska Marta , Zgoła Dominika , Noga Anna , Nowak Paweł
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: SARS-CoV-2 was responsible for the global pandemic. Approximately 10–15% of patients with COVID-19 developed respiratory failure with adult acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which required treatment in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The cytokine storm observed in severe COVID-19 was frequently handled with steroids. Synergically, tocilizumab, an anti-interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody, gained popularity as a cytokine storm-suppressing agent. However, immunosuppression was proven to increase the predisposition to infections with resistant bacteria. Our study aimed to assess the relationship between positive tests for secondary infections and the survival of patients with severe COVID-19-attributed ARDS treated with immunosuppressive agents. Methods: This study included 342 patients qualified for the ICU and mechanical ventilation (MV). The patients were divided based on the type of immunomodulating therapy and the culture tests results. Results: The results showed the highest survival rate among patients <61 years, favoring the combined treatment (tocilizumab + steroids). Atrial fibrillation (AF) and coronary heart disease (CHD) correlated with a lower survival rate than other comorbidities. Tocilizumab was associated with an increased risk of positive pathogen cultures, which could potentially cause secondary infections; however, the survival rate among these patients was higher. Conclusions: MV and ICU procedures as well as the application of tocilizumab significantly decreased the mortality rate in patients with severe COVID-19-related ARDS. The suppression of cytokine storms played a crucial role in survival. Tocilizumab was found to be both efficient and safe despite the ‘side effect’ of the increased risk of positive results for secondary infections.
Lumbopelvic Muscle Mechanical Properties in Women with Multiple Sclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Case-Controlled Study
Authors: Cruz-Medel Inés , Peña-Toledo María Ángeles , Alburquerque-Sendín Francisco , Rodrigues-de-Souza Daiana Priscila , Conde-Gavilán Cristina , Jover-Sánchez Ana María , Carmona-Medialdea Claudia , Agüera-Morales Eduardo
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: To compare the lumbopelvic muscle mechanical properties (MMPs) of women with and without multiple sclerosis (MS) and explore relationships between these properties and sociodemographic/clinical characteristics. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included 22 women with MS and 22 age- and BMI-matched women without MS. MMPs (frequency, stiffness, decrement, relaxation, and creep) of pelvic floor and lumbar paravertebral muscles were assessed using a MyotonPRO device. Sociodemographic and clinical data related to pelvic floor health were also collected. Results: Women with MS showed significant differences in pelvic floor MMPs, including higher frequency (3.26 Hz; 95% CI [2.12, 4.41]), stiffness (90 N/m; 95% CI [55.09, 124.91]), and decrement (0.2; 95% CI [0.09, 0.31]), and lower relaxation (6.15 ms; 95% CI [8.26, 4.05]) and creep (0.24; 95% CI [0.34, 0.13]) compared to women without MS. For lumbar paravertebral muscles, differences were observed only on the right side, with lower frequency (2.15 Hz; 95% CI [0.28, 4.02]) and stiffness (62.17 N/m; 95% CI [10.7, 113.65]) in women with MS. Correlation patterns between MMPs and clinical characteristics differed by group, with moderate correlations found only in the MS group (e.g., EDSS: r = 0.57; p = 0.006; PFDI-20: r = 0.47; p = 0.026). Conclusions: Women with MS exhibit altered pelvic floor MMPs, characterized by reduced tone and stiffness and increased elasticity and viscoelasticity, while lumbar paravertebral differences are minimal. These findings highlight the need for objective MMP assessments in women with MS to guide preventive and therapeutic interventions.
Efficacy of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Prolyl-Hydroxylase Inhibitors in Renal Anemia: Enhancing Erythropoiesis and Long-Term Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Yoshida Yukina , Takata Tomoaki , Taniguchi Sosuke , Kageyama Kana , Fujino Yudai , Hanada Hinako , Mae Yukari , Iyama Takuji , Hikita Katsuya , Isomoto Hajime
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Renal anemia is one of the major complications associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) are commonly used; however, some patients exhibit resistance. Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHIs) have emerged as a novel treatment for renal anemia, enhancing erythropoiesis and iron metabolism. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed laboratory data related to erythropoiesis from 105 patients with CKD before and after treatment with HIF-PHI or ESA. The dialysis initiation and mortality rates were also assessed over a median follow-up of 614 days. Results: HIF-PHI and ESA significantly increased the hemoglobin levels within 6 months of treatment (9.5 ± 1.0 to 10.7 ± 1.1, p < 0.01, and 9.9 ± 1.5 to 10.7 ± 1.2 g/dL, p < 0.01, respectively). The HIF-PHI group demonstrated a significant decrease in red cell distribution width (14.5 ± 1.9% to 13.8 ± 1.4%, p < 0.01), suggesting improved erythropoiesis, and exhibited a lower cumulative incidence of outcomes. The aged-adjusted multivariate analysis confirmed the independent association between HIF-PHI treatment and reduced risk of cumulative outcome (p = 0.042). Conclusions: HIF-PHIs can serve as an alternative to ESA for managing renal anemia in CKD, improving both hematological parameters and long-term outcomes.
Bioactivity Evaluation and Phytochemical Characterization of Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold Leaf Extract
Authors: Yoon Won-Joo , Min Hye-Ji , Cho Hyun-Dong , Kim Hwi-Gon , Park Wool-Lim , Kim Du-Hyun , Tachibana Hirofumi , Seo Kwon-Il
Published: December 2024

Background: Euonymus alatus (E. alatus) has traditionally been used for medicinal purposes, and its leaves are considered edible. While E. alatus is known for its diverse biological activities, the antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticancer effects of its leaves extracted using different solvents have not been thoroughly investigated. Methods: This study examined the antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, and life-prolonging effects of Euonymus alatus (E. alatus) leaf extract. Results: The phytochemical analysis showed that the ethanol extract contained the highest levels of polyphenols (347.2 mg/mL) and flavonoids (317.7 mg/mL) compared to the water and methanol extracts. In addition, specific phenolics, such as rutin, ellagic acid, and quercetin, were found in the ethanol extract. Antioxidant assays showed that the ethanol extract exhibited superior DPPH, ABTS radical, and H2O2-scavenging activities, as well as reducing power. In addition, the ethanol extract displayed strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in a dose-dependent manner. In cancer cell studies, the ethanol extract selectively inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 (breast) and LNCaP (prostate) cancer cells without affecting normal cells. Apoptosis induction was confirmed by nuclear condensation and increased caspase-3 activity. Furthermore, treatment with 30 mg/kg/day of the extract extended the lifespan of the tumor-bearing mice to 50 days, with no fatalities, indicating a dose-dependent protective effect. Conclusions: E. alatus leaf ethanol extract has potential as an antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, and life-prolonging agent.
Current Diagnostic, Counseling, and Treatment Options in Non-Severe and Severe Apparently Isolated Fetal Ventriculomegaly
Authors: Zamłyński Mateusz , Grokhovska Marta , Surányi Andrea , Olejek Anita
Published: December 2024

The widening of the vestibular dimension of lateral ventricles > 10 mm should be considered a symptom rather than a definitive diagnosis. In fact, fetal ventriculomegaly (VM) is a defect with ’multifaceted‘ clinical consequences in the child’s further neurodevelopment. Isolated fetal ventriculomegaly can cause neurological defects ranging from mild neurodevelopmental delay to severe complications in the form of ongoing palliative care to the death of patients at various developmental periods. The spectrum of compilations often depends on the severity of the ventriculomegaly. In the prenatal period, the combined diagnostic tools include the following: ultrasound/MRI and genetic, infectious tests that form the basis of reliable counseling. We hypothesize that advances in the diagnostic process allow the identification of ‘probably’ isolated forms of severe VM (ISVM). The review authors electronically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases, describing the evidence-based validity and option of prenatal decompression for ISVM. The purpose of this review is to present the evolution of diagnostic techniques and views indicating the possibility and limitations of implementing prenatal decompression in severe ISVM. In conclusion, after reviewing the available data, we want to introduce the idea that perinatal centers are close to or have reached the necessary capability, expertise, and competence to perform ISVM decompression procedures. Endoscopic ventriculostomy of the third ventricle (ETV) appears to be promising, as it seems to be associated with minimal perinatal complications and better neurological outcomes for the newborn. However, long-term follow-up results for the neurodevelopment of patients who underwent ETV have not been reported. Looking ahead, randomized trials with the long-term neurodevelopmental follow-up of children who underwent prenatal decompression due to ISVM are needed.
Comparison of Surgical Interventions for Endometrioma: A Systematic Review of Their Efficacy in Addressing Infertility
Authors: Ioannidou Alexandra , Machairiotis Nikolaos , Stavros Sofoklis , Potiris Anastasios , Karampitsakos Theodoros , Pantelis Athanasios G. , Drakakis Petros
Published: December 2024

Background: Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. Beyond medical treatment, surgical intervention is also a viable consideration. However, current guidelines do not clearly indicate whether laparoscopic cystectomy, ablative methods (CO2 laser vaporization, plasma energy), or sclerotherapy is the preferred option. Methods: We conducted searches in two databases (PubMed and Europe PMC) to retrieve articles containing the keywords ‘surgical intervention for Endometrioma, ovarian reserve, pregnancy rates, fertility’, published between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2023. We included articles presenting information on surgical intervention for endometrioma and its correlation with infertility parameters. Articles describing conservative treatment were excluded. Data were extracted by two authors using predefined criteria. Results: The initial database search produced 1376 articles, which were narrowed down to 41 relevant articles meeting the eligibility criteria. Conclusions: Laparoscopic cystectomy appears to impact postoperative anti-mullerian hormone levels, showing a stronger correlation with larger cysts and individual factors. CO2 laser vaporization demonstrates favorable results compared to traditional cystectomy. Combining GnRH agonist treatment with assisted reproduction treatment after cystectomy could be considered an alternative method. Plasma energy causes less damage to ovarian function, with pregnancy outcomes comparable to cystectomy. Sclerotherapy shows promising results for ovarian reserve preservation, recurrence rates, and safety. Further studies comparing these techniques are necessary to provide guidance to clinicians.
A Novel Approach Using LuxSit-i Enhanced Toehold Switches for the Rapid Detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Authors: Kang Xiaodan , Zhao Chen , Chen Shuting , Yang Shuran , Zhang Xi , Xue Bin , Li Chenyu , Wang Shang , Yang Xiaobo , Li Chao , Qiu Zhigang , Wang Jingfeng , Shen Zhiqiang
Published: December 2024

Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) is a significant concern, as it can cause severe infections and hemolytic trauma. Given its prevalence in seawater and coastal seafood, it poses a substantial risk as a foodborne pathogen. Biosensor-based detection technology has been continuously evolving, and toehold switches have emerged as a promising area within it, especially in the detection of RNA viruses. Here, we have developed a cell-free toehold switch sensor for V. parahaemolyticus detection. Traditional toehold switch detection methods usually use green fluorescent protein (GFP) or enzyme LacZ as the output signal, with an incubation time as long as 2 h, and are also mainly applied to the detection of RNA viruses. In this study, we introduced a novel, artificially designed luciferase (LuxSit-i) as an output signal and constructed toehold switches with two different output signals (sfGFP, LuxSit-i), aimed at reducing the incubation time of toehold switches. Moreover, to further improve the detection process, we separately utilize recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) to amplify dead and live bacterial suspensions for detection and attempt to distinguish between dead and live bacteria. This study provided a convenient, rapid, and accurate method for the on-site detection of V. parahaemolyticus, especially beneficial for resource-limited settings. By eliminating the requirement for specialized facilities and personnel, this system has the potential to be a valuable tool in improving public health responses, especially in developing regions.
5-HT2C Receptors in the BNST Modulate Contextual Fear Conditioning Without Affecting Acute Early Life Stress-Enhanced Fear Learning in Adult Rats
Authors: Minshall Brianna L. , Wasylyshyn Catherine F. , Brand Kate M. , Bartoszek Caroline M. , Seipel Kennedy A. , Booms Madeline M. , Chappell Lucy C. , Reichert Amanda N. , Dowell Jacob R. , Buck Angeles L. , Beckett Henry T. , Lowry Christopher A. , Quinn Jennifer J.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Rodents provide a useful translational model of fear- and anxiety-related behaviors. Previously stressed animals exhibit physiological and behavioral stress responses that parallel those observed in anxious humans. Patients diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) present with a spectrum of debilitating anxiety symptoms that result from exposure to one or more traumatic events, with individuals exposed to early adverse experiences and women having increased vulnerability for diagnoses; however, the mechanisms of this increased vulnerability remain unknown. PTSD involves a complex network of highly interconnected brain regions, including the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). Serotonin (5-HT) release into the BNST yields an increased expression of both fear and anxiety, specifically through 5-HT2C receptor signaling. The present experiment addressed whether 5-HT2C receptor signaling in the BNST is necessary for the acquisition of early-life stress (ELS)-induced enhancements in adult contextual fear learning. Methods: Rats received 0 or 15 footshocks on postnatal day 17, an established model of acute ELS (aELS) that yields enhanced adult fear learning. In adulthood, rats received bilateral infusions of a vehicle, a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist (RS-102221), or a 5-HT2C receptor agonist (MK-212) into the BNST 15 min prior to one-footshock contextual fear conditioning in a novel context. The next day, rats were returned to the fear-conditioning context to assess their fear memory (freezing). Results: Females demonstrated aELS-induced enhancement in contextual fear learning, while males did not. BNST infusions of RS-102221 reduced contextual fear conditioning, independent of aELS condition and sex. Infusions of MK-212 had no effect. Conclusions: Taken together, these data suggest that serotonergic signaling through 5-HT2C receptors in the BNST contributes to contextual fear conditioning, but not aELS-induced stress-enhanced fear learning (SEFL).
Age- and Sex-Based Developmental Biomarkers in Eye Movements
Authors: Carrick Frederick Robert , Hunfalvay Melissa , Bolte Takumi , Azzolino Sergio F. , Abdulrahman Mahera , Hankir Ahmed , Antonucci Matthew M. , Al-Rumaihi Nouf
Published: December 2024

Background: Eye movement research serves as a critical tool for assessing brain function, diagnosing neurological and psychiatric disorders, and understanding cognition and behavior. Sex differences have largely been under reported or ignored in neurological research. However, eye movement features provide biomarkers that are useful for disease classification with superior accuracy and robustness compared to previous classifiers for neurological diseases. Neurological diseases have a sex specificity, yet eye movement analysis has not been specific to our understanding of sex differences. Methods: The study involved subjects recruited from 804 sites equipped with RightEye Vision Systems, primarily located in optometry practices across the United States. Subjects completed six eye movement assessments: circular smooth pursuit (CSP), horizontal smooth pursuit (HSP), vertical smooth pursuit (VSP), horizontal saccades (HS), vertical saccades (VS), and fixation stability (FS). Eye movements were analyzed and classified in accordance with age and sex by multiple t-tests and linear regression models. Results: This study represented a large sample size of 23,557 subjects, with 11,871 males and 11,686 females representing ages from birth through 80 years of age. We observed statistically significant differences for all eye movement functions between males and females. Conclusions: We demonstrate that eye movements are sex-specific and offer normative data to compare sex-specific eye movement function by age. Novel baseline metrics can be compared to individual performance, regardless of sex. This study represents significant progress in linking eye movements with brain function and clinical syndromes, allowing researchers and clinicians to stratify individuals by age and sex.
Neurological Biomarker Profiles in Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) Pilots and Aircrew
Authors: Rhind Shawn G. , Shiu Maria Y. , Vartanian Oshin , Allen Shamus , Palmer Miriam , Ramirez Joel , Gao Fuqiang , Scott Christopher J. M. , Homes Meissa F. , Gray Gary , Black Sandra E. , Saary Joan
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Military aviators can be exposed to extreme physiological stressors, including decompression stress, G-forces, as well as intermittent hypoxia and/or hyperoxia, which may contribute to neurobiological dysfunction/damage. This study aimed to investigate the levels of neurological biomarkers in military aviators to assess the potential risk of long-term brain injury and neurodegeneration. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 48 Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) aviators and 48 non-aviator CAF controls. Plasma samples were analyzed for biomarkers of glial activation (GFAP), axonal damage (NF-L, pNF-H), oxidative stress (PRDX-6), and neurodegeneration (T-tau), along with S100b, NSE, and UCHL-1. The biomarker concentrations were quantified using multiplexed immunoassays. Results: The aviators exhibited significantly elevated levels of GFAP, NF-L, PRDX-6, and T-tau compared to the CAF controls (p < 0.001), indicating increased glial activation, axonal injury, and oxidative stress. Trends toward higher levels of S100b, NSE, and UCHL-1 were observed but were not statistically significant. The elevated biomarker levels suggest cumulative brain damage, raising concerns about potential long-term neurological impairments. Conclusions: Military aviators are at increased risk for neurobiological injury, including glial and axonal damage, oxidative stress, and early neurodegeneration. These findings emphasize the importance of proactive monitoring and further research to understand the long-term impacts of high-altitude flight on brain health and to develop strategies for mitigating cognitive decline and neurodegenerative risks in this population.
Altered Rhythmicity, Depressive Ruminative Thinking and Suicidal Ideation as Possible Correlates of an Unrecognized Autism Spectrum in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Cremone Ivan Mirko , Dell’Osso Liliana , Nardi Benedetta , Giovannoni Federico , Parri Francesca , Pronestì Cristiana , Bonelli Chiara , Massimetti Gabriele , Pini Stefano , Carpita Barbara
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Recent research has explored the presence of subthreshold autistic traits (ATs) in individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD), suggesting that these traits may contribute to the severity of BPD symptoms and increase the risk of other mental health issues, including suicidal behaviors. This study aims to investigate the relationship between ATs and affective symptoms, such as mood instability and suicidality, in people diagnosed with BPD. Methods: A total of 48 subjects with BPD were assessed with self-report questionnaires including the Adult Autism Subthreshold Spectrum (AdAS Spectrum), the mood spectrum self-report version (MOODS-SR) and the ruminative response scale (RRS). Results: Subjects with significant ATs scored higher than BPD subjects in all domains and in the total score of AdAS Spectrum, RRS, and MOODS-SR, as well as in the items investigating suicidality. RRS total score, its depression domain, and the MOODS-SR rhythmicity domain, as well as suicidality, were predictors of the presence of ATs. Conclusions: Our data confirm the relationship between the presence of clinically significant ATs and affective symptoms, ruminative thinking, and suicidality in patients with BPD.
Social–Emotional Competence for Children with Identified Developmental Concerns: The Impact of Parenting and Executive Function
Authors: Boise Courtney , Knoche Lisa L.
Published: December 2024

Social–emotional competence and executive function at preschool are critical for children’s school readiness. Unfortunately, young children with the dual risk of low-income status and identified developmental concerns are more likely to have lower social–emotional learning. This study examines (a) bidirectional associations between dyadic parenting behaviors, executive function, and social–emotional competence; and (b) executive function as an explanatory mechanism for the predictive relationship between specific parenting behaviors and children’s social–emotional competence. Data came from 267 parents and children with identified developmental concerns attending publicly funded center-based preschools. Children’s executive function was assessed by teacher-report, while parenting behaviors and children’s social–emotional competence were observationally assessed. Executive function and children’s social–emotional competence were bidirectionally related across the first year of preschool. Cross-lagged panel models demonstrated that executive function was not an explanatory mechanism for the relationship between parenting behaviors and children’s social–emotional competence. However, higher levels of conflict displayed by parents in the fall of the first year of preschool predicted more conflict during the spring of the same year. Higher levels of conflict in the spring then predicted poorer executive function and social–emotional competence during the spring of the child’s second year of preschool.
Regulation Strategies, Contextual Problems, Addictive and Suicidal Behaviors: A Network Perspective with Adolescents
Authors: Eslava Dalila , Delgado Begoña , Carrasco Miguel Á. , Holgado-Tello Francisco Pablo
Published: December 2024

Adolescence is a period marked by challenges, including problems that appear in the adolescent’s context. To manage these, adolescents use a series of emotional regulation skills that can be more or less adaptive. Less adaptive regulation is related to problem behaviors such as alcohol abuse, substance addiction, problematic internet use, and/or suicidal behavior. This study employs psychometric networks to analyze the association between these problem behaviors, the existence of contextual problems, and the use of cognitive emotional regulation strategies. We performed this analysis for the total sample: the male sample and the female sample. The total sample consists of 758 participants; 424 females (55.4%) and 341 males (44.6%) between the ages of 12 and 21 years (M age = 15.85; SD = 2311). The results show that less adaptive regulation strategies are the most central node, exhibiting a positive relationship with problem behaviors and contextual problems. In contrast, adaptive regulation strategies are a less influential node. Finally, problem behaviors are related to each other. Differences emerged between the male sample and the female sample. These findings contribute to improving our understanding of the phenomenon as well as to the construction of preventive interventions.
Revealing ‘Eha: A Qualitative Project on Historical Trauma Experiences Among Wāhine
Authors: Keaulana Samantha , Keli’iholokai LeShay , Lee Riko , Coleman Pahonu , Kipapa Malia L. , Ho-Lastimosa Ilima , Chung-Do Jane J.
Published: December 2024

Historical trauma has been established as a determinant of health among all Hawaiians, but limited research exists on how Wāhine (Native Hawaiian women) uniquely experience historical trauma. A phenomenological qualitative study was conducted to primarily understand how historical trauma, trauma response, and the transmission and modes of intergenerational trauma intersect with sexism and patriarchy among contemporary Wāhine, as described in the Historical Trauma Conceptual Model. With partnership and approval of the Waimānalo Pono Research Hui, interviews were conducted with 13 Wāhine from various generations in Hawai’i. The structural, institutional, interpersonal, and internal levels of ‘Eha (loosely translated as hurt/suffering/to inflict pain/cause hurt or suffering) were generated as prominent themes from the data. Findings from this project communicate the urgency for change to heal Wāhine with radical aloha and to support them in reimagining a world that is inclusive of their needs.
Advanced Ensemble Machine-Learning Models for Predicting Splitting Tensile Strength in Silica Fume-Modified Concrete
Authors: Al-Abdaly Nadia Moneem , Seno Mohammed E. , Thwaini Mustafa A. , Imran Hamza , Ostrowski Krzysztof Adam , Furtak Kazimierz
Published: December 2024

The splitting tensile strength of concrete is crucial for structural integrity, as tensile stresses from load and environmental changes often lead to cracking. This study investigates the effectiveness of advanced ensemble machine-learning models, including LightGBM, GBRT, XGBoost, and AdaBoost, in accurately predicting the splitting tensile strength of silica fume-enhanced concrete. Using a robust database split into training (80%) and testing (20%) sets, we assessed model performance through R2, RMSE, and MAE metrics. Results demonstrate that GBRT and XGBoost achieved superior predictive accuracy, with R2 scores reaching 0.999 in training and high precision in testing (XGBoost: R2 = 0.965, RMSE = 0.337; GBRT: R2 = 0.955, RMSE = 0.381), surpassing both LightGBM and AdaBoost. This study highlights GBRT and XGBoost as reliable, efficient alternatives to traditional testing methods, offering substantial time and cost savings. Additionally, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis was conducted to identify key input features and to elucidate their influence on splitting tensile strength, providing valuable insights into the predictive behavior of silica fume-enhanced concrete. The SHAP analysis reveals that the water-to-binder ratio and curing duration are the most critical factors influencing the splitting tensile strength of silica fume concrete.
Impact of Resilience Engineering on Physical Symptoms of Construction Workers
Authors: Hu Zhen , Zhong Heng , Li Siyuan , Li Siyi , Shen Yuzhong , He Changquan , Xu Zhizhou
Published: December 2024

Physical symptoms plague construction workers and pose threats to safety performance and productivity. Following the resilience engineering (RE) principles, recent construction safety management practices enhance construction workers’ safety capability and safety management system resilience. This paper established an exploratory structural model explaining how construction workers’ safety capability alleviates their physical and psychological symptoms through safety management system resilience. To validate and estimate the structural model, 741 valid responses from construction workers based in Shanghai, China were obtained. Given no established scales for the constructs in the model, a cross-validation procedure, consisting of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis, was performed. The results showed that although neither safety capability nor safety management system resilience has direct negative impacts on physical symptoms, they can reduce physical symptoms via alleviating psychological symptoms. Furthermore, safety capability can reduce psychological and physical symptoms via safety management system resilience. This paper therefore suggests that cultivating construction workers’ safety capability would be the first step in implementing resilience engineering principles in construction. The continuous implementation of cost-effective and tailored resilience training programs are suggested to enhance construction workers’ safety capability. Safety management systems are suggested to improve with the fostering of a just culture and emerging technologies.
Smart Campus Performance Assessment: Framework Consolidation and Validation Through a Delphi Study
Authors: Polin Ken , Yigitcanlar Tan , Limb Mark , Washington Tracy
Published: December 2024

The concept of a smart campus is rapidly gaining traction worldwide, driven by the growth of artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT), along with the digital transformation of higher education institutions. While numerous initiatives have been undertaken to enhance the capability of smart campus systems to keep pace with AI advancements, there have been few attempts to develop a cohesive conceptual framework for the smart campus, and to date, there has been limited empirical research conducted to validate the framework. This study bridges this gap by providing the first in-depth assessment of a holistic smart campus conceptual framework. The paper uses a Delphi study approach to validate and consolidate a framework for assessing the robustness of the smart campus assessment framework for application in university settings. The framework consists of four domains, 16 categories, and 48 indicators, comprising a total of 68 items that were validated by experts across the globe. Two rounds of structured questionnaires were conducted to achieve consensus on the framework. The first round involved 34 experts from diverse geographic and professional backgrounds in the smart campus field. The second round included 21 of the earlier participants, which was sufficient to determine consensus. In total, seven of the forty-eight indicators were agreed upon after Round 1, increasing to forty-three after Round 2. The results indicate strong agreement among the experts, affirming the framework’s robustness. This study offers an expert-based, interpretive assessment of the development of the smart campus concept, with a particular focus on validating the smart campus framework.
Seismic Response Analysis of Continuous Girder Bridges Crossing Faults with Assembled Rocking-Self-Centering Piers
Authors: Zhou Tianyi , Hui Yingxin , Liu Junlu , Lv Jiale
Published: December 2024

Under the action of cross-fault ground motion, bridge piers can experience significant residual displacements, which can irreversibly impact the integrity and reliability of the bridge structure. Traditional seismic mitigation measures struggle to effectively prevent multi-span chain collapses caused by the tilting of bridge piers. Therefore, it is of practical engineering significance to explore the effectiveness of rocking self-centering (RSC) piers as seismic mitigation measures for such bridges. In this paper, cross-fault ground motion with sliding effects is artificially synthesized based on the characteristics of the fault seismogenic mechanism. A finite element model of a cross-fault bridge is established using the OpenSees platform. The applicability of RSC piers to cross-fault bridges is explored. The results show that RSC piers can significantly reduce residual displacement during cross-fault ground motions, facilitating rapid recovery after an earthquake. RSC piers significantly reduce residual displacement in cross-fault bridges, with the most notable vibration reduction effects observed in piers adjacent to the fault. When an 80 cm fault displacement occurs, the vibration reduction rate reaches 48%. Additionally, when the fault’s permanent displacement increases the risk of pier toppling, the vibration reduction effect of the RSC pier is positively correlated with the degree of fault displacement. However, the amplification effect of RSC piers on the maximum relative displacement of bearings in cross-fault bridges cannot be ignored. In this study, for the first time, RSC piers were assembled on bridges spanning faults to investigate their seismic damping effect. When the degree of fault misalignment is greater than 60cm, the seismic damping effect of RSC abutments is positively correlated with the degree of fault misalignment, and its amplifying effect on the maximum relative displacement of the bearing becomes more and more obvious with the increase of permanent displacement. For example, when the fault misalignment degree is 60cm, the vibration reduction rate is 39%, and when the fault misalignment degree is 90cm, the vibration reduction rate is 54%. Designers should rationally configure RSC piers according to the specific bridge and site conditions to achieve optimal vibration reduction effects.
Comparative Study of Transverse Shear Characteristics of Shear-Yielding Bolts and Traditional Bolts Based on Numerical Simulations and Direct Shear Tests
Authors: Xu Jianqiang , Yang Xiaohua , Jia Xueming , Zhang Haoyu , Zhang Tiangong
Published: December 2024

The shear-yielding bolt is a new type of anchoring structure, and its working mechanism in layered rocks is not yet well understood. To investigate its transverse shear characteristics, this paper takes the shear-yielding bolt as the research subject and uses different anchoring states of bolts as variables. A comparative study of shear-yielding bolts and traditional bolts is conducted using the Abaqus numerical simulation software and large-scale direct shear tests. The results show that (1) low-modulus material allows a slight displacement between the structural surface layers, which exerts the friction strength between rock mass layers and avoids stress concentration on the bolt. The shear-yielding bolts reach their peak shear stress in the case of greater displacement, averagely increased by 40% compared to traditional anchor bolts. (2) An increase in the moisture content has less influence on the shear-yielding bolt owing to the material properties. When the moisture content of the structural surface rises from 12% to 20%, for cases where the shear-yielding bolts are used, the peak shear stress decreases by 0.12 kPa, which only accounts for 12% of the original strength. (3) There is an optimum thickness of the low-modulus material in the shear-yielding bolt, considering its effect of releasing shear and the bonding effect between it and the bolt. According to the test results and numerical analysis, the optimum thickness is 15 mm. The results of this research provide a reference and basis for future study and engineering applications of shear-yielding bolts.
Energy Efficiency in Subtropical Homes: Replacing Asbestos–Cement Roofs with Sustainable Alternatives
Authors: Saba Manuel , Coronado-Hernández Oscar E. , Gil Leydy Karina Torres
Published: December 2024

This study evaluates the impact of building orientation, typology, and envelope characteristics on energy efficiency and CO2 emissions in urban dwellings in subtropical climate, with a focus on Cartagena, Colombia. North-facing dwellings consistently demonstrate superior energy performance, achieving an average efficiency increase of 4.27 ± 1.77% compared to south-facing counterparts. This trend is less pronounced near the equator due to the sun’s high zenith angle. Semi-detached homes exhibit 23.17 ± 9.83% greater energy efficiency than corner houses, attributed to reduced exterior wall exposure, which lowers energy demand and CO2 emissions by 2.16 ± 0.74 kg CO2/m2 annually. Significant disparities in emissions are observed across socioeconomic strata; homes in strata 3 and 4 show the lowest emissions (6.69 ± 1.42 kg CO2/m2 per year), while strata 5 and 6 have the highest (10.48 ± 1.42 kg CO2/m2 per year), due to differences in construction quality and glazing ratios. Roofing materials also play a key role, with thermoacoustic (TAC) roofs reducing emissions by up to 5.80% in lower strata compared to asbestos–cement roofs. Furthermore, sandwich panels demonstrate substantial potential, achieving CO2 emissions reductions of up to 51.6% in strata 1 and 2 south-facing median homes and a minimum saving of 9.4% in strata 5 and 6. These findings underscore the importance of integrating energy performance criteria into public housing policies, promoting construction practices that enhance sustainability and reduce greenhouse gas emissions while improving occupant comfort and property value.
H1 Antihistamines—Promising Candidates for Repurposing in the Context of the Development of New Therapeutic Approaches to Cancer Treatment
Authors: Trybus Ewa , Trybus Wojciech
Published: December 2024

Despite significant progress in the field of clinical oncology in terms of diagnostic and treatment methods, the results of anticancer therapy are still not fully satisfactory, especially due to limited response and high toxicity. This has forced the need for further research to finding alternative ways to improve success rates in oncological treatment. A good solution to this problem in the context of rapidly obtaining an effective drug that works on multiple levels of cancer and is also safe is the global strategy of repurposing an existing drug. Research into other applications of an existing drug enables a precise assessment of its possible mechanisms of action and, consequently, the broadening of therapeutic indications. This strategy is also supported by the fact that most non-oncological drugs have pleiotropic effects, and most of the diseases for which they were originally intended are multifactorial, which in turn is a very desirable phenomenon due to the heterogeneous and multifaceted biology of cancer. In this review, we will mainly focus on the anticancer potential of H1 antihistamines, especially the new generation that were not originally intended for cancer therapy, to highlight the relevant signaling pathways and discuss the properties of these agents for their judicious use based on the characteristic features of cancer.
Predictive Factors of the Degrees of Malnutrition According to GLIM Criteria in Head and Neck Cancer Patients: Valor Group
Authors: Vílchez-López Francisco Javier , González-Pacheco María , Fernández-Jiménez Rocío , Zarco-Martín María Teresa , Gonzalo-Marín Montserrat , Cobo-Molinos Jesús , Carmona-Llanos Alba , Muñoz-Garach Araceli , García-Luna Pedro Pablo , Herrera-Martínez Aura D. , Zarco-Rodríguez Felisa Pilar , Galindo-Gallardo María del Carmen , Miguel-Luengo Luis , Fernández-Soto María Luisa , García-Almeida José Manuel
Published: December 2024

Background: Malnutrition is highly prevalent in patients with head and neck cancer, with relevant consequences in the treatment results. Methods: Multicenter observational study including 514 patients diagnosed with HNC. The morphofunctional assessment was carried out during the first 2 weeks of radiotherapy treatment. A correlation analysis between nutritional variables and groups of malnutrition, a multivariate logistic regression analysis, and a random forest analysis to select the most relevant variables to predict malnutrition were performed. Results: In total, 51.6% were undernourished (26.3% moderately and 25.3% severely). There was a negative correlation between morphofunctional variables and a positive correlation between hsCRP and well vs. moderate and well vs. severe malnutrition groups. The increase in different bioelectrical and ultrasound parameters was associated with a lower risk of moderate and severe malnutrition when groups with different degrees of malnutrition were compared. To predict the importance of morphofunctional variables on the risk of undernutrition, a nomogram, a random forest, and decision tree models were conducted. For the well vs. moderate, for the well vs. severe, and for the moderate vs. severe malnutrition groups, FFMI (cut-off < 20 kg/m2), BCMI (cut-off < 7.6 kg/m2), and RF-Y-axis (cut-off < 0.94 cm), respectively, were the most crucial variables, showing a greater probability of mortality in the two last comparisons. Conclusions: Malnutrition is very prevalent in HNC patients. Morphofunctional assessment with simple tools such as electrical impedance and muscle ultrasound allows an early nutritional diagnosis with an impact on survival. Therefore, these techniques should be incorporated into the daily clinical attention of patients with HNC.
Crosstalk Between Omental Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Gastric Cancer Cells Regulates Cancer Stemness and Chemotherapy Resistance
Authors: Kinoshita Jun , Doden Kenta , Sakimura Yusuke , Hayashi Saki , Saito Hiroto , Tsuji Toshikatsu , Yamamoto Daisuke , Moriyama Hideki , Minamoto Toshinari , Inaki Noriyuki
Published: December 2024

Background: Peritoneal metastasis (PM) remains a major challenge in patients with gastric cancer (GC) and occurs preferentially in adipose-rich organs, such as the omentum. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) may influence cancer behavior. This study aimed to investigate whether ASCs isolated from the omentum can act as progenitors of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and analyze their effects on the cancer stem cell (CSC) niche and the treatment resistance of GC cells. Methods: ASCs were isolated from the human omentum and their cellular characteristics were analyzed during co-culturing with GC cells. Results: ASCs express CAF markers and promote desmoplasia in cancer stroma in a mouse xenograft model. When co-cultured with GC cells, ASCs enhanced the sphere-forming efficiency of MKN45 and MKN74 cells. ASCs increased IL-6 secretion and enhanced the expression of Nanog and CD44v6 in GC cells; however, these changes were suppressed by the inhibition of IL-6. Xenograft mouse models co-inoculated with MKN45 cells and ASCs showed enhanced CD44v6 and Nanog expression and markedly reduced apoptosis induced by 5-FU treatment. Conclusion: This study improves our understanding of ASCs’ role in PM treatment resistance and has demonstrated the potential for new treatment strategies targeting ASCs.
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy: Is There a Role in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer? A Systematic Review
Authors: Borgognoni Lorenzo , Susini Pietro , Gerlini Gianni , Brandani Paola , Giannotti Vanni , Sestini Serena
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy (SLNB) aims at identifying clinically occult nodal metastases. It is the standard staging procedure for patients with T1b to T4 primary cutaneous melanoma. Moreover, it is recommended whenever the risk of a positive SLNB is >5%, according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Melanoma guidelines. When considering Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer (NMSC), the SLNB could play a role in tumors that mainly spreads via lymphatics, but strong evidence is missing. In this paper, the hot topics and controversies are reviewed; Methods: A PRISMA systematic review was carried out on the PubMed (MEDLINE) library from 2004–2024, searching for studies on SLNB in NMSC; Results: Seventy articles and 6379 patients undergoing SLNB for Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC), Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC), and Porocarcinoma were included. Overall, the SLNB positivity rate in these NMSCs was 24.4%, with an SNLB detection rate of 97.6%. Specifically, the SLNB positivity rate was 12.3% for high-risk cutaneous SCC, 24.4% for anogenital SCC, 29.3% for MCC, and 30.6% for Porocarcinoma. Most papers concluded that SLNB is safe, feasible, and significant in these malignancies; Conclusions: SLNB should be discussed and offered to every patient with MCC, and it should be discussed and considered in “high risk” SCC and Porocarcinoma for staging and prognostic purposes, aiming to identify a subgroup of patients who may benefit the most from early treatments.