bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nassar operative grade and ultrasonography prediction for difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Paruthy Samir , Paruthy Shivani B.
Published: May 2021

Background: ‘Gold standard’ for symptomatic cholelithiasis is laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) with advantagesof minimal access surgery, early return to activity with cosmetic scar. However, this may not always holdtrue in all cases. Conversion to open procedure in challenging circumstances would be in better interest of the patient even after the learning curve of the surgeon has surpassed several years. Methods: Forty patients undergoing symptomatic gall stone disease without any acute episode in past six weeks were investigated. All cases were evaluated with clinical examinations, biochemical parameters and preoperative ultrasonography done a day prior for prediction of difficult LC. All cases correlated with preoperative USG parameters and Nassar per operative grade (1-4 and 5) and analyzed for prediction to open method in difficult challenging situations. Complications associated with in 30 day of surgical interventions were also recorded. Results: Difficult cholecystectomy was anticipated with USG parameters in 20 cases, and Nassar operative grading of difficulty (Grade-3, 4 and 5) predicted in 13 cases; the latter was correlated with conversion to open methods. p<0.05 in USG parameters and Nassar grading of operative difficulty was considered significant. There were no complications nor any surgical interventions required during 30 days interval.Conclusions: Per operative Nassar grading and prior USG parameters for prediction of likelihood of difficult cholecystectomy helps in guiding surgeon in challenging situation to safely proceed to complete cholecystectomy procedure either by laparoscope or open method in the better interest of the patient.
Evaluation of tuberculosis associated chronic pulmonary disease at community health care: a case control study
Authors: Sharma Chandan , Badyal Ashima
Published: May 2021

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is known to occur in patients with previous history of pulmonary TB. It is still not very well known if there is any difference of clinical presentation between smoking related COPD or/and TB associated COPD.  Methods: The present case control study was conducted at CHC Katra, Department of Medicine, over a period of 6 months from August 2018 to February 2018, on 100 patients; 50 suffering from COPD and 50 healthy individuals. Detailed clinical history for duration of symptoms, previous hospitalizations, and exposure to smoking along with the history of TB and ATT courses was recorded.Results: History of TB was found in 17 patients among cases and 7 patients among controls. In TB associated COPD, the pack years of smoking in case of smokers was 22.4±19.2. 44% (15/34) having exposure to smoking had history of TB. Mean age of patients exposed to smoking was (53.3±7.4) and that of non-smokers (60.1±8.2). A positive correlation with age, BMI, and duration of symptoms was found. Our results showed that almost one-third of COPD patients (34%) had history of TB. TB-associated COPD patients had similar symptoms in our study except for high frequency of hemoptysis.Conclusions: A detailed population survey is needed on COPD patients with history of TB. A larger group study among never-smokers is also needed. Finally, it is concluded that the case burden of TB associated COPD is real, huge and an urgent policy decision in this regard is mandated.
A brief account of various treatment modalities for COVID-19 infections
Authors: Maduskar Saumil
Published: May 2021

COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus and has a case fatality rate of 2-3%, with higher rates among elderly patients and patients with comorbidities. It was determined in a study that the viral load peaked during the first week of illness and then gradually declined over the second week. Viral load also correlates with age and the existent of comorbidities. Furthermore, both IgG and IgM antibodies starts to increase by around day 10 after symptomatic onset and most patients had seroconversion within the first 3 weeks. This hints at the fact that the patients are most infectious during the first week of infection and also accounts for the high transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 during this period
Four layers reconstruction of the posterior ear canal wall in one stage surgery
Authors: Mokbel Khalefa Khaled M.
Published: May 2021

Background: Canal wall down mastoidectomy are still practiced in cases of chronic suppurative otitis media with cholesteatoma to ensure complete disease removal. The resulting cavity is prone to recurrent infection, chronic discharge and frequent care. Reconstruction of the posterior canal wall should be planned by the surgeon. Various techniques for external auditory canal (EAC) reconstruction have been recommended to eliminate open cavity problems. The surgeon should choose the type of grafts either autologous, homografts or synthetic materials. Furthermore, the surgeon should decide whether to do the reconstruction either immediate in the first stage of surgery or delayed as a second stage.

Methods: In this study, the ridge was reconstructed at the same time of mastoidectomy by autologous tissues. The presenting study reconstructed the posterior canal wall in four layers; skin, perichondrial flap, cartilage and periosteal flap in that order from the meatal side to the mastoid side. The presenting study included 48 patients (32 males and 16 females) with age ranged from 18-55 and 20-50 years. All included patients were presented at the outpatient clinic with unilateral chronic suppurative otitis media with persistent discharge. They had been operated at our tertiary hospital between January. 2012 to March 2014.

Results: Successful reconstruction was obtained in all cases, with no dehiscence or necrosis.

Conclusions: The reconstruction of the posterior wall by the four layers technique was successful and efficient. It is recommended to do this repair concomitantly with canal wall down mastoidectomy as one stage surgery.
Detection of Sleep Apnea Based on the Analysis of Sleep Stages Data Using Single Channel EEG
Authors: Gurrala Vijayakumar , Yarlagadda Padmasai , Koppireddi Padmaraju
Published: May 2021

Sleep is a basic need for a human being’s intellectual and physiological restoration and overlaying nearly one 1/3 length of a daytime. A first-rate and deep sleep is required for green regeneration of the body. Sleep disorders hamper the performance of an individual. Sleep Apnea is the one amongst the disorders that affect many. Most of Apnea related works consider Electrocardiogram (ECG) and respiratory signals /or combinations, instead of considering all Polysomnographic signals (PSG). It is evident that for the detection of Apnea related sleep disorders it is required to consider one or few signals rather considering all PSG signals. In this work, we advocate a way that might be carried out to perceive the information of sleep stages which might be crucial in diagnosing and treating sleep disorders. It differentiates sleep stages and derives new features from the sleep EEG that allows helping physicians with the analysis and treatment of associated sleep issues. This theory depends on exclusive EEG datasets from Physionet with the use of MIT-BIH polysomnographic database that have been received and described through scientists for the analysis and prognosis of sleep ranges. Experimental results on 18 records with 10197 epochs show that an Apnea detection accuracy of 95.9% obtained for Machine learning classifier with Ensemble Bagged Tree classifier.
Recognition and Positioning of Container Lock Holes for Intelligent Handling Terminal Based on Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Wang Xue
Published: May 2021

Container handling is a key link in container transport. In an automated handling terminal, the work efficiency directly depends on the time cost of the alignment between the spreader and the lock holes of the container. This paper attempts to improve the recognition and location of container lock holes with the aid of machine vision. Firstly, a lock hole recognition algorithm was designed based on local binary pattern (LBP) feature and classifier. After feature extraction and classifier training, multi-scale sliding window was used to recognize each lock hole. To realize real-time, accurate recognition of lock holes, the convolutional neural network (CNN) with improved threshold was incorporated to our algorithm. The tests on actual datasets show that our algorithm can effectively locate container lock holes.
An Investigation of Spectral Efficiency in Linear MRC and MMSE Detectors with Perfect and Imperfect CSI for Massive MIMO Systems
Authors: Kumar Indrajeet , Mishra Ritesh Kumar
Published: May 2021

In this paper, the performance of two linear detectors in multi-user (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems is investigated. The uplink sum rate and lower bound of channel capacity is derived for both maximum-ratio combination (MRC) and minimum mean square error (MMSE) schemes considering imperfect and perfect channel state information (CSI) conditions. Results show that linear detector performance improves dramatically when the number of base station (BS) users is smaller than that of BS antennas. It is being demonstrated that in the case of imperfect CSI and the number of BS antennas in the conditions of perfect CSI the transmitting power of users can be decreased by the square root of the number of BS antennas. Simulation results show that the MMSE detector outperforms the MRC detector. The results indicated that the system's uplink sum rate is increased by using significantly larger antenna arrays as opposed to just one antenna system. The findings of the Monte-Carlo simulation are very close to the analytical results.
Self-propagating high temperature synthesis of composite materials based on boron carbide
Authors: Abdulkarimova R. G. , Seidualiyeva A. J. , Kqmunur K.
Published: May 2021

The creation of coatings with high hydrophobic properties has now emerged as a separate area of modern materials science, since it is necessary to analyze the processes taking place in nanoscale systems, and, in particular, nanotechnologies open up fundamentally new possibilities for controlling the surface properties of materials. It is stated that the main requirement necessary for obtaining the superhydrophobic state of the surface of materials is to provide roughness of the surface and mechanical strength of the texture used for this. In addition, it is possible to use composite compositions, whereby it is possible not only to impart hydrophobicity to the surface texture, but also to chemically bind it to the surface ofthe substrate, thereby increasing the stability of the hydrophobic coating under operating conditions
Получение покрытий с гидрофобными свойствами на основе сажи
Authors: Курманбаева Г. Г. , Пургазиан Х. Е. , Жақсылықова Ә. Н. , Нажипкызы М.
Published: May 2021

В данной статье представлен метод получения наноструктуированных покрытий с гидрофобными свойствами на основе сажи. Показаны результаты исследования методом краевого угла смачивания
Композиционные материалы, упрочненные с углеродными нанотрубками и их применение в пиротехнических замедлительных смесях
Authors: Габдрашова Ш.Е. , Тулепов М.И. , Спанова Г.А. , Корчагин М.А. , Elouadi B.
Published: May 2021

Был разработан замедлительный пиротехнический состав на основе модифицированных компонентов. Ti и углеродные нанотрубки были смешаны методом шаровой мельницы. Анализ размера частиц показал, что размер частиц экспоненциально уменьшился с увеличением времени измельчения. Результаты сканирующей электронной микроскопии показали, что углеродные нанотрубки были рассеяны в титановом порошке после 2 минут мехактивации. Ti/углеродные нанотрубки были использованы в качестве горючего замедлительного состава. Мы изучали скорость горения замедлительного состава BaCrO4/углеродные нанотрубки/Тi. Установлено, что определенное количество углеродных нанотрубок добавленного к замедлительному составу, может увеличить точность задержки.
Microstructure and thermal properties of an Al–Mg alloy solidified at high temperature in the argon atmosphere
Authors: Kamunur K. , Bekmurat N.K. , Milikhat B. , Abdulkarimova R.G.
Published: May 2021

In this study, phase formation, the microstructure and the thermal properties of an Al-Mg alloy solidified at high temperature in the argon atmosphere were investigated. The maximum formation of a single-phase Al Mg alloy was determined by the ratio of the primary aluminum and magnesium components Al – 50 at.% Mg and argon gas flow at a temperature of 750 oC. After solidification at pressures of 1 MPa and 2 MPa, the main phases are the β and γ phases of Al-Mg alloy, in equilibrium condition. The thermal properties of the Al-Mg alloy were studied using DTA-TG (Tmelting = 458.4 oC, Тoxidation = 568.4 and 616.9 oC oxidation of pure Mg and pure Al, respectively).
Получение углеродсодержащих огнеупорных материалов на основе хромсодержащего сырья в режиме СВ-синтеза
Authors: Фоменко С.М. , Рахым Н.Т. , Толендиулы С. , Акишев А. , Бекджанова M.T. , Кунес З.
Published: May 2021

Работа посвящена изучению технологий и синтеза композитов, содержащих высокотемпературные карбиды и МАХ-фазы, повышающие технические и химические свойства огнеупоров. Используя уникальные свойства хромитовых и цирконовых концентратов, получены углеродсодержащие огнеупорные материалы методом самораспространяющегося высокотемпературного синтеза (СВС). Проанализированы и обобщены экспериментальные исследования. Определены фазовый и химический состав полученных углеродсодержащих композитов и измерены прочностные характеристики. В цирконовом концентрате при СВС образуется наиболее стойкие и полезные карбиды ZrC и SiC, а хромитовый обладает высокой окислительной способностью, что позволяет достичь высоких температур синтеза. Исследование полученных композитов показало, что в процессе СВ-синтеза в углеродной среде образуются MAX-фазы типа CrxSiyCz, Cr2SiC, Cr5Si, SiC, усиливающие технические и химические свойства огнеупорных материалов. Определен оптимальный состав огнеупорного материала на основе комбинации хромитового и цирконового концентратов, содержащий графита 15 масс.% и алюминиевого порошка 18 масс.%, при котором наблюдается максимум прочности (20-25 МПа).
COMO ACONTECE O CASAMENTO DA ACCOUNTABILITY E IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS NA PANDEMIA?
Authors: Lins Carolina Maia
Published: May 2021

A partir deste trabalho, questionamos o lugar da  política pública no contexto pandêmico atual, permeado por uma crise de dimensão social, política e econômica. Neste sentido, buscamos entender como accountability pode favorecer as políticas prioritárias, sendo através das ideias, visto que ajudarão a estabelecer a formulação de políticas públicas, pois elas nortearão o início do ciclo de política pública. O objetivo é discutir a responsividade de atores políticos, que se faz ainda mais urgente quando nos remetemos à burocracia, democracia e a pandemia, pois todos dependem, em algum grau da  accountability para cumprir com as políticas declaradas, e a busca da eficácia, visando localizar onde esses atores estão localizados principalmente na agenda de políticas. A metodologia utilizada é baseada em pesquisa bibliográfica de fonte secundária. Como resultados, foi possível estabelecer a importância da conexão entre formuladores e implementadores, efetuando um casamento dos atores centrais no processo decisório, com atores que compõem os subsistemas, pois é através dessa interação que podemos falar em “equilíbrio” decisório, ocorrendo assim o que chamamos de “monopólio de políticas”, que seria a conciliação de um entendendimento específico, direcionado e existente nas  Federações, as quais tendem a necessitar sempre dessa conciliação entre atores centrais e autoridades de implementação, sendo pontos estratégicos às soluções.
O CARÁTER VALORATIVO E A “OBJETIVIDADE” EM MAX WEBER: A DIMENSÃO DO SEU CAMPO CIENTÍFICO NOS PROGRAMAS DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM SOCIOLOGIA DA UFAL, UFS E UFPE
Authors: De Oliveira Gomes Fabiana Alves
Published: May 2021

O presente artigo busca apresentar o pensamento de Max Weber e a importância da sua metodologia na pesquisa social, bem como os instrumentos utilizados para se alcançar a “objetividade” nas Ciências Sociais, perpassando pelo “caráter valorativo” tão comum à essa ciência. Nesse sentido, esse trabalho se propõe a contribuir com a construção do pensamento acerca do caráter metodológico em Max Weber tão amplamente difundido no que diz respeito a construção dessa “objetividade”. O estudo se baseará numa pesquisa bibliográfica tendo como suporte referencial, autores que se debruçaram a estudar Weber como Guiddens (1972), Conh (1979), Aron (2000) Quintaneiro e Barbosa (2007) além de outras referências. Além desses pressupostos teóricos que foram apresentados, uma pesquisa documental será feita nas plataformas dos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia de três Universidades Federais do Nordeste (UFS, UFAL, E UFPE) a fim de catalogar quais publicações estão sendo feitas no campo das teses e dissertações sobre Max Weber e seu caráter metodológico. Observa-se que apesar da difusão dos conceitos weberianos no meio acadêmico, pouco se produz sobre metodologia weberiana no campo científico das referidas instituições.
INVESTIGATING COMMUNITY RESILIENCE AGAINST VIOLENT EXTREMISM THROUGH LIVED EXPERIENCES OF COMMUNITY MEMBERS IN SWAT-PAKISTAN
Authors: Idris Muhammad , Saeed Said
Published: May 2021

Purpose of the Research: The paper focuses to investigate CR (community resilience) counter to extremism through the lived experiences of community members. Methodology: To gather appropriate data from the partakers, the qualitative research design was applied. To analyze the gathered Clarke and Braun (2014) thematic analysis approach was used. Results: The results of this research work were construed and the ways forward were fitted out given that. the project team is in the process of initiating a report that focuses on strengthening community capacity, which is the main objective of this paper. The edition will make a positive contribution to all interested and humane people, mostly to the less fortunate. Application of the research: Moreover, it can be said that this project will have an impact on future research in the field of community empowerment. This work will also highlight the important opportunity for historical research on community resilience to combat violent extremism. Novelty/Originality of the research: Past research has sufficiently investigated similar topics. However, none of the past research approached the topic through the lived experience of the community members. Thus, this research (by studying the problem through the lived experience of the community members) is unique.
HOW DO THE ECB MEETINGS AFFECT THE STOCK VALUATIONS OF FOUR IBEX35 BANKS?
Authors: Zain Samer Ajour El , Montero Albert , Gheshmi Reza , Perez Cristina Tomas
Published: May 2021

Purpose: Analyze the data and draw there were any relevant conclusions between the meetings of the central bank and the movements of the banking corporations in the stock market.

Methodology: To carry out this study, it was necessary to obtain two extremely important data sets (exact dates of the ECB meetings, stock market valuations of the four banking entities understudy). Both were obtained by searching on specialized websites. Then a comparison of the variations, a correlation table, which will allow us to mathematically affirm whether there is a linear relationship and proportionality between the variations of the banks or not, were analyzed.

Main Findings: The results obtained indicate that such influence on the part of the European Central Bank on the financial entities listed on the IBEX35 does not exist, since the variations between bank shares are random and maybe would be better explained by other hypotheses or inputs.

Application of Study: This work discards the hypothesis proposed by the student, although it manages to find other interesting relationships between banks because of the correlation analysis carried out in the analysis part of the work.

Novelty/Originality: Establish the relationship between the meetings of the central bank and the movements of the banking corporations in the stock market.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICACY OF THREE PROGRAM-EVALUATION MODELS –A REVIEW ON THEIR IMPLICATION IN EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS
Authors: Iqbal Zafar , Anees Muhammad , Khan Rahim , Wadood Abdul , Malik Shakila
Published: May 2021

Purpose of the study: This article reviews the comparative efficacy, theoretical and practical background of three program evaluation models (Stufflebeam’s CIPP model, Kirkpatrick’s model, and outcome-based evaluation models) and their implications in educational programs. The article discusses the strengths and limitations of the three evaluation models. Methodology: Peer-reviewed and scholarly journals were searched for articles related to program evaluation models and their importance. Keywords included program evaluation’, ‘assessment’, ‘CIPP model’, ‘evaluation of educational programs, ‘outcome-based model, and ‘planning’. Articles on Stufflebeam’s CIPP model, Kirkpatrick’s model, and outcome-based evaluation models were particularlyfocused because the review aimed at analysing these three models. The strengths and inadequacies of the three models were weighed and presented. Main Findings: The three models –outcome-based evaluation model, the Kirkpatric model, and the CIPP evaluation model –discussed in this review, have some strengths and weaknesses. Among the compared models, the CIPP model seems more appropriate for its implantation in evaluating educational programs because it is broader, comprehensive, flexible, cost-effective, and feasible. Applications of this study: Like other programs and projects, evaluation of educational programs is necessary to achieve high standards, better outcomes, and meet the objectives. Evaluation is employed before designing a particular educational program or during the already designed program. This review concludes that among different evaluation models, the CIPP evaluation model is more appropriate in evaluating educational programs because it is more comprehensive, efficient, and feasible.Employment of the CIPP model for evaluating educational programs can achieve plausible results about the overall progress of the educational programs. Novelty/Originality of this study: This review highlights the importance of different program evaluation models. It concludes that the CIPP evaluation model offers an excellent mechanism to evaluate educational programs at different stages.
Bicycling as a Positive Youth Development Mechanism
Authors: Clanton Thomas , Chancellor H. Charles , Pinckney IV Harrison V. , Balidemaj Venera , Hadiandehkordi Parisa
Published: May 2021

Recreational activities are uniquely suited for the implementation of a positive youth development (PYD) approach, as they create space for youths’ physical, psychological, and social development. This may be especially true for vulnerable youth who face additional risk factors such as single parent homes and living in low-income communities. Momentum Bicycle Clubs (MBC), based in Greenville, South Carolina, use noncompetitive recreational bicycling as a mechanism to facilitate group mentoring opportunities for high-risk youth. MBC engage youth with their community while providing opportunities for leadership, building positive relationships, exercise, and learning new skills. This exploratory project’s purpose is to better understand the bicycle as a PYD mechanism through group mentoring by studying MBC program design, processes, and outcomes. Researchers identified three primary themes that indicated the bicycle provided youth opportunities to gain responsibility, confidence, and improved health. Sub themes provided additional context. For example, youth gained responsibility for their bikes and related equipment, as well as their individual and the group’s safety. MBC is an example of using individual specialized recreation equipment as an effective PYD mechanism that allows the program to meet more PYD desired outcomes than traditional programs. The bicycle rides differentiate the program dynamic from other PYD programs as the mentors are also group participants. This allows the mentors to share in the experience and role model behavior, which may foster stronger group identity and cohesiveness. Year-round asset intensive programs of this nature have management challenges, including sufficient resources (e.g., bicycle storage and maintenance), mentors willing to ride bicycles, as well as ensuring youth safety while riding. The resource challenges are met through extensive partnerships with government, nonprofit, and commercial agencies, which has also benefitted the program through a wider variety of mentors, adult role models, internship opportunities for the youth, and community knowledge about MBC. Safe bicycling is accomplished through extensive training, locating the clubs in areas with access to low traffic streets, and a 20-mile paved multiuse path. Lastly, since it is difficult to have meaningful conversations while riding, mentors must build in time before and after rides and at planned stops to facilitate the most meaningful mentor-mentee relationships.
Entanglements of Law and Space: An Introduction
Authors: Dudek Michał , Eckhardt Piotr
Published: May 2021

Introduction to the thematic volume of Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica – devoted to the issue of law and space – provides basic context for the publication, placing special emphasis on the current state of legal geographical inquiries conducted by Polish scholars. Moreover, it briefly presents each article in the volume and comments on articles’ selected aspects to show how they can be located within the entire broad legal geography scholarship.
Land Use and Facilities and the Spatial Distribution of Urban Property Crime
Authors: Klakla Jan Bazyli , Radomska Ewa , Szafrańska Michalina
Published: May 2021

The main research problem of this article is to check whether and how selected land use and facilities influence the spatial distribution of different kinds of urban thefts (and burglary) in Krakow. The analysis uses data on all crimes committed in Krakow in the years 2016–2018. Its results are generally consistent with the results of other similar studies in so far as they indicate a relationship between the increased criminal activity of perpetrators and the availability of potential victims or objects of attack. Both the higher density of crimes in general and theft in general occurred above all in facilities or in the immediate vicinity of facilities which accumulate large communities for various purposes (activity nodes) or in places which produce the high intensity of people flows (communication nodes). One land use and facilities coexist with an increased density of all types of thefts, while others coexist only with some of them. The results, however, seem inconsistent with the rational choice theory assumptions as high crime density rates were observed in the immediate vicinity of public and private monitoring cameras, as well as within 50 meters of police stations.
Application of Cluster Analysis in Research on the Spatial Dimension of Penalised Behaviour
Authors: Porębski Andrzej
Published: May 2021

This paper is focused on some of the possibilities of the use of cluster analysis (clustering) in criminology and the sociology of law. Cluster analysis makes it possible to divide even a large dataset into a specified number of subsets in such a way that the resulting subsets are as homogenous as possible, and at the same time differ from each other substantially. When analysing geographical data, e.g. describing the location of crimes, the result of cluster analysis is a division of a territory into a certain number of coherent areas based on an objective criterion. The division of the territory under study into smaller parts is more insightful when the clustering method is applied compared to an arbitrary division into official administrative units. The paper provides a detailed description of hierarchical cluster analysis methods and an example of using the Ward’s hierarchical method and the k-means combinational method to divide data on crime reports in the city of Baltimore between 2014 and 2019. The analysis demonstrates that the resulting division differs considerably from the administrative division of Baltimore, and that increasing the number of groups emerging as a result of cluster analysis leads to an increase of variance of variables describing the structure of crime in individual parts of the city. The divisions obtained using clustering are used to verify the hypothesis on differences in crime structure in different areas of Baltimore. The main aim of the paper is to encourage the use of modern methods of data analysis in social sciences and to present the usefulness of cluster analysis in criminology and the sociology of law research.
COMPARATIVE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES STUDIES ON HEAT & UNHEAT TREATED AL7075 ALLOY HYBRID COMPOSITES (IN PRESS)
Authors: Gangadhar T.G. , Girish D.P.
Published: May 2021

In the present work, Al7075 based hybrid composites was developed using stir casting technique. Al7075 hybrid composites with different weight percentage of Mica, Graphite and E-glass fiber were developed to study the effect of these reinforcements on microstructure and mechanical properties, E-Glass fiber is kept constant at 0, 2, 4%, Mica is varied from 1-3% in steps of 1 and Graphite varied from 1-5% in steps of 2. It can be seen that the three peaks corresponding to Al were seen at 38º, 46º and 65º 2θ angles and small peaks related to all the three reinforcement mica, graphite and E-glass fiber were observed in the XRD pattern. Grain size analysis was examined using Clemex Image-Analyzer software, it was observed that decrease in grain size of Al7075 matrix was found to decrease with the increase in reinforcements, Hardness was found to increase with increase in reinforcement content whether it could E-glass fiber from 0% - 4% or mica from 1% - 3% or graphite content from 1% - 5%. Ultimate tensile strength increased with the increase in reinforcement content both before and after heat treatment.
Outpatient medical care in the practice of a pediatric surgeon
Authors: Krest'yashin I. V. , Krest'yashin V. M. , Kuzhelivsky I. I.
Published: May 2021

Introduction. In the number of countries, the ambulatory direction in the domain of medical care has been created as an alternative one to hospitalization. This is a type of round-o’clock hospitalization which is a modern trend in medical care where a patient is in the center of progress and modernization of healthcare.Material and methods. The literature search was made in Scopus, MedLine, ELibrary, CyberLeninka, RSCI databases.Results. Over the past 30 years, the proportion of outpatient surgeries in children has significantly increased in developed countries. Such modality of medical care is provided in the overwhelming majority of cases. In Russia, in 2010-2018, the number of ambulatory surgical interventions increased by 15%, but this figure is still lower than in European countries. In pediatric surgical practice, there is no good evidence-based support yet for performing most of common surgical procedures outpatiently, due to the lack of well-planned randomized trials. However, the world’s widespread experience allows to suggest that routine surgical interventions could be recommended for outpatient care. Inpatient replacement technologies reduce health care costs because the inpatient care is a more expensive type of medical services.Conclusion. The outpatient medical care has to develop so as to transfer medical services from expensive hospital stay to much more economic and efficient one-day stay. At the same time, while developing the inpatient replacement technologies one must observe the basic principle – to ensure a high quality of medical care.
Trichobezoars in the practice of a pediatric surgeon
Authors: Bocharov R. V. , Shikunova Ya. V. , Slyzovsky G. V. , Pogorelko V. G. , Zykova M. A. , Yushmanova A. B.
Published: May 2021

Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of medical records of two children. Anamnestic, clinical, diagnostic and intraoperative findings were analyzed.Purpose. To describe cases of trichobezoars in children : occurrence, diagnostics and treatment.Results. In the first case, a girl, aged 5, often swallowed her own hair after a psychological trauma; and at the age of 15 she complained of hair loss and anemia. In the second case, a boy was chewing and swallowing his own hair for 6 months under the emotional stress. Two weeks before hospitalization he complained of abdominal pain. In both cases, there were no history of intestinal obstruction. At the fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy, foreign bodies were visualized which were diagnosed as trichobezoars. X-ray diagnostics confirmed foreign bodies in both patients. Those bodies had the shape of the stomach and had an inhomogeneous porous structure. The patients were operated: laparotomy, gastrotomy with removal of dense hair formation. Postoperative course was uneventful.Conclusion. Psychological situations provoked in children the obsessive trichotillomania and trichophagia due to which large trichobezoars were formed in the stomach.
Effects of different techniques of peritoneal dialysis at the intra-abdominal pressure in a newborn
Authors: Rekhviashvili M. G. , Razumovskiу A. Yu. , Makulova A. I. , Fomenko S. A. , Tukabaev G. P. , Syt’kov V. V.
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is considered a very effective care for newborns with severe acute renal injury , and it is a method of choice for treating newborns in the end-stage renal failure who require chronic renal replacement therapy (RRT). The classical modification of peritoneal dialysis involves the introduction of dialysis solution into the abdominal cavity, its presence there for a certain time (exposure time) and its passive evacuation from the abdominal cavity. However, this technique of peritoneal dialysis causes an increased intra-abdominal pressure leading to a number of complications. PD in premature newborns, including those with extremely low body weight, has a number of features associated with extremely immature organs and tissues. One more problem is hemodynamic instability in this category of patients. Besides, peritoneal dialysis in the classical modification accompanied by increase in the intra-abdominal pressure can cause hemodynamic and respiratory disorders. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the effect of the modified peritoneal dialysis, developed by the authors, at the intraabdominal pressure and compare it with the classical approach.Material and methods. A method of flow peritoneal dialysis in premature newborns has been developed, which significantly reduces the effect of peritoneal dialysis at the intra-abdominal pressure. Intra-abdominal pressure monitoring was performed using the invasive low pressure meter IInd 500/75 Triton. The values of intra-abdominal pressure in children receiving renal replacement therapy with various modifications of peritoneal dialysis were compared.Results. Our observations show that peritoneal dialysis in the flow modification avoids sharp fluctuations in intra-abdominal pressure. Conclusion. In our opinion, flow modification of peritoneal dialysis may be the method of choice for replacement therapy in deeply premature infants with low and extremely low birth weight.
Strengthening Women’s Inclusion in Social Accountability Initiatives
Authors: Nazneen Sohela , Silva Olivares Maria Fernanda
Published: May 2021

In the last 20 years, social accountability initiatives have facilitated the inclusion and participation of marginalised groups in governance processes. This Policy Briefing focuses on how and what factors prove effective in strengthening women’s voice in processes holding public service providers accountable. We argue that initiatives must: (a) build technical and other forms of capacity amongst women; (b) change formal rules on women’s inclusion; (c) apply political economy analysis to unpack power dynamics, identify actors in favour of gender equality, and build a network in support of women; and (d) make long-term funding commitments for sustainable change in gender-biased norms.
Marginalisation from Education in Conflict-Affected Contexts: Learning from Tanganyika and Ituri in the DR Congo
Authors: Marchais, Gauthier Marchais, Gauthier , Gupta Sweta , Brandt Cyril Owen , Justino Patricia , Leone Marinella , Kuliumbwa Eustache , Kithumbu Olga , Kiemtoré Issa , Christian Polepole Bazuzi , Bove Margherita
Published: May 2021

This Working Paper analyses how violent conflict can enhance or reduce pre-existing forms of marginalisation and second, how new forms of marginalisation emerge as a result of violent conflict. To do so, we focus on the province of Tanganyika in the DRC, where the so-called ‘Twa-Bantu’ violent conflict has been disrupting the education sector since 2012, and secondarily on the province of Ituri, which has been affected by repeated armed conflicts since the 1990s. We use a mixed methods approach, combining quantitative data collection methods and several months of qualitative fieldwork. The study shows that the political marginalisation of ethno-territorial groups is key in understanding marginalisation from education in contexts of protracted conflict. Our results show that the Twa minority of Tanganyika has not only been more exposed to violence during the Twa-Bantu conflict, but also that exposure to violence has more severe effects on the Twa in terms of educational outcomes. We analyse key mechanisms, in particular spatial segregation, and the social segregation of schools along ethnic/identity lines. We also analyse the interaction between ethno-cultural marginalisation and economic, social and gender-related marginalisation.
Shaping Social Change with Music in Maputo, Mozambique
Authors: Taela, Kátia Taela, Kátia , Gonçalves Euclides , Maivasse Catija , Manhiça Anésio
Published: May 2021

In Mozambique, development programmes have traditionally drawn on music as a means to promote social transformation by educating citizens on key social development issues. Shifting the focus from music as a teaching medium to music as a rich source of information can provide vital insights into public opinion and political ideas, and significantly impact the development of citizen engagement projects. Maximum gains for development and civil society agencies can be achieved by mainstreaming gender into mutual learning activities between singers, audiences, and academics.
Local stresses in wheelsets at braking of railway rolling stock
Authors:   Rostov State Transport University (RSTU), Krotov Sergey Viktorovich , Kononov Dmitriy Pavlovich ,   Rostov State Transport University (RSTU), Buynosov Alexander Petrovich ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT)
Published: May 2021

The paper provides main methods for determining stress-strain condition of interaction of a wheel and a brake shoe of the railway rolling stock. It also shows the possibility of using the plain elastic problem. The authors have analysed the peculiarities of a method for studying stress-strain condition in contact zone based on known statements of classic elasticity theory. They have carried out calculations of stress components by analytic method, have studied the influence of normal and shear forces on stress-strain condition in contact zone and have presented the danger of tension stresses. The gained results confirm the significant influence of friction on the decrease of contact and fatigue life of samples and will be useful for forecasting the failure onset of the rolling stock wheel or rail at their interaction.
Organization of complex systems for provision of operational reliability of rolling stock
Authors:   Siberian Transport University (STU), Davydov Anatoliy Vyacheslavovich , Astakhova Tatyana Anatolyevna ,   Siberian Transport University (STU)
Published: May 2021

The use of digital and satellite information systems for the increase of quality and prompt maintenance and repair of rolling stock allows solving important transport tasks. On the modern stage the transportation process sets high requirements to operation of rolling stock that should be regulated by state standards. Modern machinery and technology should promote implementation of high-quality production in order to extend the life cycle of any product that responds the realization of production process. The international practice of standard application convincingly proves it. The paper proposes an organization of complex systems aimed at provision of operational reliability of rolling stock. The authors have determined possible reasons of non-compliance of the standards. As a result, they have set tasks on carrying out modern monitoring and execution of maintenance and repair.
Julian Bream em revisão: tradução da entrevista concedida a Jim Ferguson, publicada na revista Guitar Player em junho de 1990
Authors: Morais Luciano
Published: May 2021

A contribuição artística de Julian Bream (1933) para o repertório e para os padrões de performance permanece ainda hoje como uma importante referência em escala global, tanto entre os artistas quanto entre os acadêmicos. A entrevista que selecionamos, feita por Jim Ferguson e datada de 1990, é um balanço geral de sua obra e pensamento, dada alguns anos antes de sua aposentadoria. Fica evidente, ao longo da leitura, um importante tópico para debate no ensino: a ligação entre técnica e musicalidade e a codependência entre solução de problemas técnicos e compreensão musical que caracteriza um artista de excelência. Uma introdução e uma recapitulação situam o contexto das ideias principais e das consequências importantes dessas ideias para o campo da performance em violão.
Contribuições e limites da filosofia clássica grega para a música e a educação musical na atualidade: a música como mimese da realidade objetiva
Authors: De Abreu Thiago Xavier , Duarte Newton
Published: May 2021

Este artigo objetiva apontar contribuições e limites da filosofia clássica grega para as reflexões sobre a música e a formação musical na atualidade. Por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica realizada em obras do campo da filosofia, da musicologia e da educação, analisamos os fundamentos acerca da natureza da música e da formação musical presentes no pensamento filosófico da Grécia Antiga. Em seguida, apoiados principalmente nas considerações de György Lukács, discutimos a importância dessas concepções para a superação das perspectivas subjetivistas e formalistas da música e da educação musical, destacando o caráter dialético da noção da música como uma mimese da realidade objetiva presente no pensamento grego. Assim, a filosofia clássica pode nos auxiliar no entendimento do sentido social da prática musical e de seus processos educacionais, nos mostrando caminhos para refletirmos sobre a atual condição da música em nossa sociedade; por outro lado, o caráter idealista dessas concepções nos impede de captar o sentido histórico e concreto desse papel social, demonstrando também alguns limites a serem superados.
A Ginga de Marisa Rezende: processos composicionais em uma de suas obras para grupo de câmara
Authors: Menezes Potiguara Curione
Published: May 2021

Este trabalho procura estabelecer relações entre as texturas da obra Ginga (REZENDE, 1994), para conjunto de câmara, de Marisa Rezende, e as estruturas rítmicas das músicas associadas às danças ogogo, agbadza (africanas) e samba (brasileira). Para isso, são usados estudos de M. Lacerda (1988, 1990), bem como depoimento da compositora (REZENDE, 2010). Busca-se, também, elucidar alguns dos processos composicionais envolvidos no seu desenvolvimento formal - a partir de conceitos trazidos por diversos autores (BURKHOLDER, 1995. SPICER, 2004. FERRAZ, 2012) - e no plano da estruturação das alturas - usando a teoria dos conjuntos (FORTE, 1973. STRAUS, 2013). Pretende-se destacar a posição singular que Ginga ocupa frente ao repertório relacionado a manifestações musicais africanas ou afro-brasileiras, principalmente em razão da maneira distinta com que foram trabalhados tais elementos em sua construção, em comparação com as práticas da escola nacionalista brasileira. A análise aqui apresentada é fruto das pesquisas acadêmicas desse autor nos últimos anos.
Estudos com egressos de Licenciatura em Música: o que revelam as publicações brasileiras
Authors: Costa Anne Valeska Lopes da , Ribeiro Giann Mendes
Published: May 2021

Este artigo diz respeito a um recorte de uma pesquisa de mestrado que foi reorganizado e ampliado. Assim, objetivamos apresentar uma revisão de literatura sistemática sobre egressos de licenciatura em Música no Brasil até o ano de 2019. A busca foi realizada em revistas específicas e anais de eventos da área de educação musical, no catálogo de teses e dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes) e na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD). Ainda, fizemos uma procura complementar no Google Acadêmico. A metodologia é caracterizada revisão sistemática de literatura (COSTA; ZOLTWSKI, 2014). Concluímos que os temas de pesquisa formação, atuação e inserção profissional são os mais emergentes no cenário atual brasileiro de investigações acerca de egressos de licenciatura em Música. À vista disso, esta investigação pode contribuir como base para estudos relativos ao tema aludido, bem como dar subsídios a pesquisas efetuadas por outros estudiosos.
Ave, Libertas!, Op. 18 de Leopoldo Miguéz, considerações sobre a estrutura musical
Authors: Dudeque Norton
Published: May 2021

O presente texto discute o segundo poema sinfônico, Ave, Libertas! Op. 18, de Leopoldo Miguéz, de acordo com aspectos estruturais da obra e que confirmem a aderência da linguagem musical do compositor por uma vertente germânica, influenciada principalmente pela música de Liszt e Wagner. Para tal, consideram-se aspectos formais, em particular a forma sonata, aspectos melódicos e harmônicos, tais como transformação temática e uso de tônicas-duplas e o design tonal da obra. Também se discutem aspectos relacionados à marcha militar como tópica que delineia a homenagem pretendida pelo compositor. Por fim, propõe-se um quadro com a descrição narrativa da obra.
Proposing a set of ethical guidelines for Iranian physiotherapists: results of a modified Delphi technique
Authors: Mohamadi Marzieh , Rojhani-Shirazi Zahra , Enjoo Seyed Ali , Shamsi-Gooshki Ehsan , Abdollahi Iraj , Bahmani Fatemeh , Razeghi Mohsen
Published: May 2021

The code of ethical conduct for physiotherapy services must be compatible with the local culture. The ethical guidelines proposed here were developed through a literature review, focus group discussions, and finally a modified Delphi technique to achieve consensus after the data were analysed. At first, the collection of different ethical codes yielded 132 items. In the second stage, repetitive items were discarded, some new items were added, and the various codes were categorised into three domains. Overall, 175 items were considered in the Delphi stage. Subsequently, the items were reduced to 134 in total – 59 in the treatment domain, 41 in research, and 34 in the education domain. The resulting code of ethics will support patients, researchers, students, and teachers in the field of physical therapy with sensitivity to current Iranian legislation and culture.