bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Испытание биологического препарата Бактоцида в затопленных подвальных помещениях жилых и общественных зданий г. Днепропетровск
Authors: Kotliarova T. M. , Skubenko N. V. , Shokotko N. A. , Perekopskaya T. N. , Korystina E. E.
Published: March 2015

Проведено дослідження застосування Бактоциду для боротьби з личинковою стадією комарів роду Сulex у затоплених підвальних приміщеннях із різними типами вод (ґрунтовими та господарчо-побутовими). Встановлена висока ефективність Бактоциду за показниками загибелі личинок, що дозволяє рекомендувати його для застосування при винищуванні личинкових стадій комарів Сulex рiрiеns molestus у підвалах із різноманітними типами затоплення.
Дослідження катіонного складу слини у людей із порушеннями діяльності шлунково-кишкового тракту
Authors: Markina M. V. , Vyatkin O. K. , Lyashenko V. P. , Rudenko A. I.
Published: March 2015

Розглянуто питання зв’язку між патологіями шлунково-кишкового тракту та змінами концентрацій мікроелементів у слині людини. Показано зменшення вмісту катіонів у слині при формуванні та розвитку патологічного процесу у шлунково-кишковому тракті.
Изменение агрохимических свойств почвы промышленного участка, загрязненного фторидами
Authors: Pavlyukova N. F. , Kuchma V. N.
Published: March 2015

Вивчено зміни деяких агрохімічних властивостей ґрунтів моніторингових ділянок поблизу підприємств, в атмосферних викидах яких домінують фториди. Встановлено залуження ґрунтової витяжки едафотопів промислового майданчика. Показано зменшення вмісту рухомих форм фосфору, азоту (нітратних і нітритних сполук), гумусу у ґрунті моніторингових ділянок при збільшенні концентрації азоту амонійних сполук.
Морфометричні показники ляща (Abramis brama) Кременчуцького водосховища
Authors: Khrystenko D. S.
Published: March 2015

Показано довгострокову результуючу дію комплексу факторів, що склалися у Кременчуцькому водосховищі, на морфометричні показники ляща (Abramis brama L.). На зазначеній водоймі традиційним сітковим промислом уже понад 40 років вилучаються особини ляща з кращими показниками екстер’єру, що приводить до виживання особин із певним напрямом мінливості, зсуву середнього показника у той чи інший бік. У результаті досліджень встановлено функціональну відповідність морфології умовам навколишнього середовища.
Частотні параметри масових потенціалів спинного мозку при ритмічній стимуляції шкірних нервів
Authors: Shugurov O. O.
Published: March 2015

Показано, яким чином нейронні групи, що відповідають за генерацію різних компонентів потенціалів дорсальної поверхні, можуть здійснювати модуляцію сенсорних потоків на вході спинного мозку. Зареєстровані фазові зміни параметрів сигналів при ритмічній стимуляції свідчать про можливість використання фазової модуляції під час кодування сенсорної інформації вже на спінальному рівні.
Le Déjeuner sur l'Herbe del Jardín de las Delicias (art is a private joke): Una propuesta metodológica para una crítica al exceso interpretativo
Authors: Kortsarz Gustavo
Published: March 2015

El arte contemporáneo necesita explicación, esta necesidad se ha convertido en moda y la moda en exceso, de manera tal que encontramos textos que resultan extremadamente difíciles de vincular a las obras a las cuales se refieren, como si se tratara de un gesto independiente. Por otro lado, y en el extremo opuesto, encontramos textos que no hacen más que contarnos lo que vemos, de manera totalmente tautológica y redundante. « Le Déjeuner sur l'Herbe del Jardín de las Delicias (art is a private joke) », a manera de análisis de obra, es un comentario sobre estos excesos.El ejercicio consiste en utilizar el método clásico de análisis de obra, partiendo de los elementos plásticos y apoyándose en un punto de vista personal. Teniendo en cuenta que las interpretaciones variarán según el ángulo desde donde se enfoque el análisis, la propuesta consiste en una demostración por el método del absurdo a través de una argumentación con bases sólidas.
La conservación y restauración de la Gipsoteca de la Escuela de Artes Plásticas de la Universidad de Costa Rica
Authors: Zamora Rodríguez Herbert
Published: March 2015

Este artículo analiza la situación de una de las colecciones más antiguas de la Institución. La colección de yesos data del año 1897 y fue adquirida por el estado costarricense como un instrumento didáctico para el desarrollo académico. Las esculturas y relieves presentan una serie de problemas estructurales, de suciedad superficial, grietas, fracturas con faltantes en la volumetría, así como manchas superficiales. Como aporte principal de este artículo se ofrecen las soluciones técnicas más importantes utilizadas para resolver la problemática de la restauración de este valioso  patrimonio.
Universidad S.A.: La nueva voluntad global
Authors: Alvarado Dávila Víctor
Published: March 2015

En este ensayo se analizan, críticamente, los problemas más actuales y urgentes por los que atraviesa la Universidad en la era de la globalización. Así, se destacan los cambios en el funcionamiento institucional y académico,  que transforman  –mediante la figura de la acreditación y de la titulación homogénea–  la autonomía universitaria, en vista a los intereses empresariales, tendientes a proteger los derechos de propiedad intelectual privada.
Teatro como acontecimento: La importancia del error y del inacabamiento de las cosas en la pedagogía teatral
Authors: Calderón Gómez Juan Carlos
Published: March 2015

Esta reflexión recoge parte de la experiencia metodológica utilizada en mi trabajo como docente en la Universidad de Costa Rica. Se expone cómo los procesos pedagógicos teatrales contribuyen a formar una persona reflexiva, lúdica y con conciencia de la importancia del trabajo en equipo.
Economical and natural value of mountains in Europe
Authors: Musiał Wiesław
Published: March 2015

Despite its relatively small area European territory has many mountain ranges located in most of
the countries. Land development in separate mountain ranges has a tendency to diversify. Not
only is this phenomenon evident in regions with a great increase in agricultural, service sector,
tourist and industrial functions, but also in regions which are agriculturally worthless and less
economically valuable. Even though mountain areas in Europe are inhabited by more than 15%
of population, the diversity of both particular countries and mountain ranges is large. Mountain
areas, particularly in EU–15 countries, Switzerland and Norway, are as a rule poorly populated,
while in Poland, Slovenia and Hungary these tendencies are disparate. Frequent phenomena
facing mountain areas in Europe are an ageing of the local population and the rural depopulation. Mountains are of great significance for both the population and the diversity of continent’s
fauna and flora, besides, the natural resources of mountains are described as “the undervalued
ecological backbone of Europe”. The greatest value of mountains is attributed to their cultural
diversity because mountainous areas are inhabited by numerous ethnic minorities differentiated
by their culture, language, dialects and tradition. It should be noted that functions of mountains
and their contribution to both the development and the living conditions of local population can
be diversely classified. These functions, which include environmental, economical and sociocultural ones, have been known for ages. They can also be divided into the green – connected
with nature, the white – connected with health care, the blue – concerned with water and the
yellow – concerned with life-span and economic development. Sustainability of strong demography units is the key precondition for the maintenance of natural and cultural richness, as well
as for the economic significance of European mountains.
Instytucjonalne aspekty konsolidacji finansów publicznych
Authors: Pietrzak Bogusław , Woźniak Barbara
Published: March 2015

The debate on improving the public finances in Poland has been under way for many years and remains topical. One of the resulting actions has been to change the legal grounds on which they function. This was achieved by the Law on Public Finance of 27 August 2009, which introduced new regulations for the institutional consolidation of the public finances. These were aimed at the liquidation of all auxiliary and state budgetary establishments – as well as most of those at local government level. The paper presents a study of the effects of these changes. The conclusion is that during the first years the law was applied, the liquidation process of some of the non-budgetary management entities was completed successfully. Some of the tasks of these units have been taken over by state and local government budgets, while others have shifted to entities operating in the public finance sector, including executive agencies and newly-established budgetary management institutions. Institutional consolidation has increased the concentration of public resources in the budgetary sphere and led to increased transparency in public finance.
Demografia fiskalna. Optymalny demograficznie system podatkowy
Authors: Walasik Artur
Published: March 2015

The economic impact of demographic processes (mainly the growing age dependency ratio) requires consideration of the criteria for the implementation of the principle of equal taxation. In a situation where people of pensionable age are politically dominant (gerontocracy) it becomes necessary to implement fiscal protection for parents. It is their incomes that are the source not only of pension contributions, but also of the taxes that finance the pension system deficit. The income of parents is also a very significant source of finance for their children’s consumption. Respecting the principle of equal taxation according to the aging process requires the reconstruction of both personal income tax and consumption tax. The former requires the implementation of preferential solutions that reduce the tax burden on people bringing up children, who are less able to shoulder the fiscal burden. Reconstruction of the latter, meanwhile, would see acceptance of the principle of equal taxation expressed in a lower tax rate or even in exemption from taxation in the case of goods consumed by children.
Sucesso a partir de investimento em metodologias de gestão de projetos
Authors: Patah Leandro Alves , Carvalho Marly Monteiro de
Published: March 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar o relacionamento entre a adoção de metodologias de gestão de projetos e o sucesso em projetos. A abordagem metodológica envolveu um levantamento de campo longitudinal, conduzido em três países, Argentina, Brasil e Chile, por um período de 3 anos em uma única organização com amplo acesso às informações. Foram obtidos dados de 1.387 projetos. Os resultados demonstram influência positiva e significativa das variáveis capacitação e número de PMPs (Project Management Profissionals) no sucesso dos projetos e influência positiva do uso de metodologias de projetos no desempenho em prazo, indicando benefícios para a organização estudada.
Gestão da Cadeia de Valor da Inovação em ambientes de baixa intensidade tecnológica
Authors: Demonel Wander , Marx Roberto
Published: March 2015

Neste trabalho propõe-se contribuir para a discussão do tema gestão da inovação em empresas low-tech. A perspectiva da Cadeia de Valor da Inovação aqui adotada, possibilita uma visão ampla da gestão da inovação, não restrita à abordagem tradicional focada no processo de desenvolvimento de produto ou em atividades intensivas em P&D. Através da metodologia de múltiplos casos, buscou-se verificar como essas empresas gerenciam e organizam suas cadeias de inovação e a análise de uma possível convergência com o “modo típico low-tech de inovar” preconizado pela literatura. Os resultados encontrados não sinalizam para a existência de um modo típico de inovar de empresas low-tech vis-à-vis empresashigh-tech. De acordo com a análise dos casos, evidências empíricas apontam que embora essas empresas tenham estratégias, objetivos, recursos e demandas diferenciadas, contrariando a literatura e o senso comum, foi constatado que essas elas organizam e gerenciam suas cadeias de inovação de forma muito semelhante, o que não caracterizaria um modo típico low-techde inovar.
A genomic assisted breeding program for cassava to improve nutritional quality and industrial traits of storage root
Authors: Carvalho Luiz Joaquim Castelo Branco , Vieira Eduardo Alano , Fialho Josefino de Freitas , Souza Claudia Regina Batista de
Published: March 2015

Cassava is cultivated for two ends proposals: "sweet cassava" as fresh consumes and "industry cassava" as source of starch and farina. Landraces were used to discover "spontaneous mutations" and to develop evolutionary and breeding perspective of gene function. Genomic and Proteomic resources were obtained. Gene expression by RNA blot and Microarray analysis were performed to identify differentially expressed genes. A new sugary cassava was identified to be related to missing expression of BEI and a nonsense mutation in GBSSI gene leading to amylose free starch. A pink phenotype showed no expression of CasLYB gene, and a yellow phenotype a down regulation of CasHYb. Proteomic analysis of carotenoid-protein complex together with gene expression analysis of CAP4 revealed a heteroduplex double strand cDNA associated with high carotenoid content. GBSSI gene sequencing identified 22 haplotypes and large nucleotide diversity. Segregating populations by crossing differential biochemical phenotypes and parents adapted to Cerrado's Region were obtained.
Diallel analysis of yield and quality traits of melon fruits
Authors: Barros Anne Katherine de Araújo , Nunes Glauber Henrique de Sousa , Queiróz Manoel Abílio de , Pereira Elaíne Welk Lopes , Costa Filho José Hamilton da
Published: March 2015

The purpose of this study was to estimate the general and specific combining ability of melon hybrids to identify the best combinations. Six parents and their respective hybrids were evaluated in a complete randomized block design with three replications. The following traits were assessed: total number of fruits, average fruit weight, yield, longitudinal diameter, transversal diameter, flesh thickness, internal cavity size, flesh firmness, and soluble solids. The traits total fruit number, yield, flesh firmness and soluble solids content are controlled by additive and non-additive effects, while average fruit weight, longitudinal diameter, flesh thickness, internal cavity size are controlled by additive effects. The most appropriate crosses for breeding of Cantaloupe, Honey dew, Piel del sapo, Meloa and Amarelo melon are, respectively: Gold Mine x Hy Mark, AF-646 x AF-1749, Meloa x Rochedo and AF-646 x Rochedo.
Preculture sugarcane tissue in sucrose-supplemented culture medium to induce desiccation tolerance
Authors: Melo Cristiane Gamarano , Barbosa Márcio Henrique Pereira , Motoike Sérgio Yoshimitsu , Sabino Marcone Vieira , Ventrella Marília Contin , Peternelli Luiz Alexandre , Oliveira Márcio Antônio Rocha
Published: March 2015

Cryopreservation is a promising technique for long term conservation of sugarcane's genetic resources which could be used in breeding programs. Preculture is a key step for success this technique. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of sucrose concentrations and preculture period on dessication tolerance of sugarcane tissue dehydrated to 30, 20 and 10 % moisture. Sugarcane shoot tips were encapsulated in sodium alginate and precultured in a liquid culture medium with 0.3, 0.5, and 0.75 M sucrose. Preculturing in 0.3 M sucrose was ideal to induce desiccation tolerance in tissue. This sucrose concentration reduced the percentage of electrolytic leakage. Shoot tips were sensitive to a sucrose concentration of 0.75 M, resulting in low survival rates after desiccation. Preculturing in 0.5 M sucrose resulted in a higher survival rate after drying for 5.7 and 7.45 h. The percentage of electrolytic leakage was high when shoot tips were desiccated after preculturing in 0.5 and 0.75 M sucrose.
Repeatability of family means in early generations of potato under heat stress
Authors: Benavente César Augusto Ticona , Pinto César Augusto Brasil Pereira , Figueiredo Izabel Cristina Rodrigues de , Ribeiro Guilherme Henrique Martins Rodrigues
Published: March 2015

The selection of potato clones for yield is usually effective from the second clonal generation. It would however be ideal to select from the seedling generation (SG) or the first clonal generation (FCG). The aim of this study was to evaluate the repeatability of selection at the family level performed in the early generations with the subsequent generations, for tuber yield and specific gravity in the warm season. Thirty families were evaluated in the SG, FCG and the second, third and fourth clonal generation, without any selection. In this way, adjusted means of the 30 families were obtained for each generation. Selections were simulated independently in the different family generations, and then the repeatability of these families among generations verified, using the same selection intensity. The results showed that the family selection in the SG and FCG for specific gravity and in the FCG for tuber yield is efficient, at mild as well as warm temperatures.
In vitro viability and preservation of pollen grain of kiwi (Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa (A. Chev.) A. Chev)
Authors: Borghezan Marcelo , Clauman Alan David , Steinmacher Douglas André , Guerra Miguel Pedro , Orth Afonso Inácio
Published: March 2015

Kiwi is a dioecious plant species, requiring cross pollination for fruit production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro viability and shelf life of pollen grains of two kiwi varieties. Flowers of the cultivars Matua and Tomuri were collected and the pollen germinated in vitro, in culture medium containing agar (1 %), sucrose (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 %) and boric acid (0 and 50 mg L-1 H3BO3). Pollen grains were stored in a BOD incubator (25.0 °C), refrigerator (4.0 °C), freezer (-18.0 °C) and in liquid N2 (-196.0 °C), and evaluated after 0, 40, 120, 240 and 365 days. The culture medium enriched with 12 % sucrose and 50 mg L-1 H3BO3 was the most suitable. Pollen grains can be stored for a short period in the refrigerator or freezer, and cryopreserved for at least one year.
Minimum number of common bean plants per plot to assess field resistance to white mold
Authors: Carneiro Flávia Fernandes , Zeviani Walmes Marques , Santos João Bosco dos , Carvalho Renato Sérgio Batista , Alves Felipe Couto , Dias Juliana Andrade
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the minimum number of plants per plot to assess the field resistance in common bean to white mold. Thirteen cultivars were inoculated with six isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications and plots consisting of 1-m rows with 15 plants. Plants were inoculated by the straw test as proposed by Petzoldt and Dickson (1996), to evaluate partial resistance in a greenhouse. Eight days after inoculation the disease severity was evaluated on a 1-9 diagrammatic scale, where 1 = asymptomatic plants to 9 = plant death. To determine the minimum number of plants per plot, the following methods were used: maximum curvature, segmented linear model, quadratic segmented model and the relative CV model. There were significant differences among cultivars and isolates and no significant cultivar - isolate interaction. It was observed that eight plants per plot is an adequate number to assess the reaction of common bean to white mold.
ARTE E SOCIOLOGIA (A PERSONAGEM ROMANESCA COMO CONSTRUÇÃO IDEAL-TÍPICA)
Authors: Ramalho José rodorval , Amaral Daniela Nogueira
Published: March 2015

A utilização da literatura como dado e documento sociológico nos parece instigante, sobretudo quando comparamos e referendamos o tipo-ideal weberiano às personagens romanescas, pois estas personagens ficcionais extrapolam sua irrealidade fundadora, respaldando atitudes, comportamentos, sentidos históricos absorvidos por novos olhares, problematizando de maneira diversa, o humano e o mimeticamente focado.
As possibilidades jurídicas da adoção em configuração familiar homoafetiva
Authors: Faverzani da Luz Ariele , Faverzani da Luz Janaína , Faverzani da Luz Ariane
Published: March 2015

Este artigo trata da adoção por casais homoafetivos, pautando-se no contexto das novas configurações familiares a fim de aludir possibilidades jurídicas relativas a este contexto. Atualmente, a existência de variados formatos de famílias se revela cada vez mais recorrente, sendo que aquelas compostas por casais de mesmo sexo têm despertado uma maior atenção da sociedade em geral. O tema se torna ainda mais complexo quando envolve o desejo deste novo modelo de família em adotar uma criança e/ou adolescente, uma vez que não há norteadores com relação à adoção de casais homoafetivos na Lei 12.010 de 2009, que dispõe sobre a adoção no Brasil. Somam-se a isso, os questionamentos e os discursos, por vezes, resistentes a respeito do assunto em questão. Assim, com a realização deste estudo, foi possível verificar que a resistência em acolher a adoção por casais homoafetivos decorre, principalmente, de falsas ideias que já foram desmistificadas por diversos estudos. Do mesmo modo, constata-se que ainda há muito a ser discutido, visto que, independentemente do gênero do casal adotante, deve-se considerar o bem-estar da criança e do adolescente que busca uma família, pois este se encontra acima de qualquer interesse moral ou social.
APLICAÇÃO DA FORENSE DIGITAL NA JUSTIÇA DO TRABALHO
Authors: Garrido Rodrigo Grazinoli , De Oliveira José Luis
Published: March 2015

A complexidade das relações sociais alcançou o mundo virtual. O uso de equipamentos digitais e o acesso á rede mundial de computadores é feito praticamente por todos, sobretudo no mundo do trabalho. Para regular estas relações, busca-se estabelecer o marco civil da internet e tipificar crimes cibernéticos. Quando o mau uso corre no ambiente ou nas relações de trabalho pode ensejar dispensa por justa causa, além de gerar responsabilização pelos danos materiais e morais decorrentes da conduta. Entretanto, para o convencimento do julgador, muitas vezes, há necessidade da elaboração de um laudo pericial. Assim, buscou-se demonstrar a importância da prova forense digital para questões trabalhistas. Constatou-se que as empresas têm monitorado as ferramentas de trabalho digitais e reconhecido mau uso pelo empregado. A prova técnica para a materialização pode ser suprida pela prova advinda da esfera criminal, uma vez que muitas destas ações ensejaram também ações penais.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA A INCORPORAÇÃO DA PERSPECTIVA DE GÊNERO NO PARLAMENTO
Authors: Da Silva Salete Maria
Published: March 2015

A igualdade de gênero, prevista na legislação brasileira

desde o advento da Constituição Federal de

1988, exige que mudanças estruturais e culturais sejam

permanentemente estimuladas e desenvolvidas

no seio da sociedade, no âmbito do Estado e de suas

instituições, a fim de que este princípio jurídico, de

natureza constitucional, seja plenamente observado

e vivenciado por mulheres e homens em suas relações

sociais. Neste sentido, dentre os tantos desafios que

esta igualdade impõe, exsurge a imperiosa necessidade

dos próprios Parlamentos – isto é, as Casas

Legislativas onde as leis são elaboradas e onde os

direitos são, portanto, proclamados e reconhecidos –

se transformarem em espaços sensíveis às questões

de gênero, ou seja, onde a perspectiva de gênero seja

incorporada como condição indispensável à existência,

à composição e ao próprio funcionamento destas

instâncias discursivas, deliberativas e constitutivas

da vontade política que caracteriza a democracia pluralista

dos dias atuais. Visando contribuir com este

debate, o presente texto, que se apoia nas reflexões

produzidas pelo feminismo jurídico, não somente

chama a atenção para a atualidade e importância da

incorporação da visão de gênero no Parlamento, como

também apresenta, em linhas gerais, algumas sugestões

sobre como fazê-lo.
SELF-REGULATING ISSUES IN RUSSIA
Authors: Ryahovskaya A. N. , Fedotova M. A. , Vetrova I. F.
Published: March 2015

The article discusses topics connected with self-regulating issues in Russia. The legislation regulating activity of self-regulating organizations of insolvency officers, surveyors and auditors has been examined. Ways for improving legal regulation of reviewed fields of entrepreneurial activity are suggested.
CONDITIONS AND FACTORS OF DEVELOPING RUSSIAN SELF-REGULATING INSTITUTION
Authors: Ryahovskaya A. N.
Published: March 2015

Having highly developed civil society institutions and efficient dialog with state authorities of all the power levels is a prerequisite, the base for successful implementation of self-regulation, but not the opposite – forming SRO for civilian initiative growth, like it happens in Russia. The article shows flaws in professional societies’ work in managing housing facilities, discovers ways to improve functioning mechanism and regulatory and legal framework of self-regulation institution.
Experimental evidence for an intraspecific Janzen‐Connell effect mediated by soil biota
Authors: Liu Xubing , Etienne Rampal S. , Liang Minxia , Wang Yongfan , Yu Shixiao
Published: March 2015

The negative effect of soil pathogens on seedling survival varies considerably among conspecific individuals, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. For variation between heterospecifics, a common explanation is the Janzen‐Connell effect: negative density dependence in survival due to specialized pathogens aggregating on common hosts. We test whether an intraspecific Janzen‐Connell effect exists, i.e., whether the survival chances of one population's seedlings surrounded by a different conspecific population increase with genetic difference, spatial distance, and trait dissimilarity between them. In a shade‐house experiment, we grew seedlings of five populations of each of two subtropical tree species (Castanopsis fissa and Canarium album) for which we measured genetic distance using intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis and eight common traits/characters, and we treated them with soil material or soil biota filtrate collected from different populations. We found that the relative survival rate increased with increasing dissimilarity measured by spatial distance, genetic distance, and trait differences between the seedling and the population around which the soil was collected. This effect disappeared after soil sterilization. Our results provide evidence that genetic variation, trait similarity, and spatial distance can explain intraspecific variation in plant–soil biotic interactions and suggest that limiting similarity also occurs at the intraspecific level.
Multi‐stressor impacts on fungal diversity and ecosystem functions in streams: natural vs. anthropogenic stress
Authors: Tolkkinen M. , Mykrä H. , Annala M. , Markkola A. M. , Vuori K. M. , Muotka T.
Published: March 2015

Biological assemblages are often subjected to multiple stressors emerging from both anthropogenic activities and naturally stressful conditions, and species' responses to simultaneous stressors may differ from those predicted based on the individual effects of each stressor alone. We studied the influence of land‐use disturbance (forest drainage) on fungal decomposer assemblages and leaf decomposition rates in naturally harsh (low pH caused by black‐shale dominated geology) vs. circumneutral streams. We used pyrosequencing to determine fungal richness and assemblage structure. Decomposition rates did not differ between circumneutral and naturally acidic reference sites. However, the effect of forest drainage on microbial decomposition was more pronounced in the naturally acidic streams than in circumneutral streams. Single‐effect responses of fungal assemblages were mainly related to geology. Community similarity was significantly higher in the naturally acidic disturbed sites than in corresponding reference sites, suggesting that land‐use disturbance simplifies fungal assemblages in naturally stressful conditions. Naturally acidic streams supported distinct fungal assemblages with many OTUs (operational taxonomic unit) unique to these streams. Our results indicate that fungal assemblages in streams are sensitive to both structural and functional impairment in response to multiple stressors. Anthropogenic degradation of naturally acidic streams may decrease regional fungal diversity and impair ecosystem functions, and these globally occurring environments therefore deserve special attention in conservation planning.
Prevalence and strength of density‐dependent tree recruitment
Authors: Zhu Kai , Woodall Christopher W. , Monteiro João V. D. , Clark James S.
Published: March 2015

Density dependence could maintain diversity in forests, but studies continue to disagree on its role. Part of the disagreement results from the fact that different studies have evaluated different responses (survival, recruitment, or growth) of different stages (seeds, seedlings, or adults) to different inputs (density of seedlings, density or distance to adults). Most studies are conducted on a single site and thus are difficult to generalize. Using USDA Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis data, we analyzed over a million seedling‐to‐sapling recruitment observations of 50 species from the eastern United States, controlling for the effects of climate. We focused on the per‐seedling recruitment rate, because it is most likely to promote diversity and to be identified in observational or experimental data. To understand the prevalence of density dependence, we quantified the number of species with significant positive or negative effects. To understand the strength of density dependence, we determined the magnitude of effects among con‐ and heterospecifics, and how it changes with overall species abundance. We found that density dependence is pervasive among the 50 species, as the majority of them have significant effects and mostly negative. Density‐dependence effects are stronger from conspecific than heterospecfic adult neighbors, consistent with the predictions of the Janzen‐Connell hypothesis. Contrary to recent reports, density‐dependence effects are more negative for common than rare species, suggesting disproportionately stronger population regulation in common species. We conclude that density dependence is pervasive, and it is strongest from conspecific neighbors of common species. Our analysis provides direct evidence that density dependence regulates population dynamics of tree species in eastern U.S. forests.
Microbiologic Observations After Four Treatment Strategies Among Patients With Periodontitis Maintaining a High Standard of Oral Hygiene: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Preus Hans R. , Dahlen Gunnar , Gjermo Per , Baelum Vibeke
Published: March 2015

Background: The benefit of full‐mouth disinfection (FDIS) over traditional scaling and root planing (SRP), with or without adjunctive metronidazole, when treating chronic destructive periodontitis remains equivocal, as does the long‐term association between clinical and microbiologic outcomes after such strategies. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between clinical and microbiologic outcomes of four different treatment strategies for chronic destructive periodontitis among patients who maintain excellent oral hygiene and low gingival bleeding scores.

Methods: One hundred eighty‐four patients with periodontitis and capable of maintaining a high standard of oral hygiene were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups: 1) FDIS + metronidazole; 2) FDIS + placebo; 3) SRP + metronidazole; and 4) SRP + placebo. Recordings of plaque, bleeding on probing, probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level were carried out in four sites per tooth at baseline, 3 and 12 months after treatment. Before treatment, pooled subgingival samples were obtained from the five deepest pockets, which were sampled again 3 and 12 months after treatment. Microbiologic assessments of eight putative periodontal pathogens were performed using the checkerboard DNA‐DNA hybridization method.

Results: Levels of bacterial species were already relatively low at baseline. The only microbial factor statistically significantly associated with the clinical outcomes of treatment after 12 months was the association between reductions of Tannerella forsythia and being free from PD ≥5 mm.

Conclusion: In this clinical trial, the only microbial factor associated with the clinical outcomes after 12 months was a statistically significant association between the reductions of T. forsythia and being free from PD ≥5 mm.
A Best Practice in Static Modeling of a Coalbed-Methane Field: An Example From the Bowen Basin in Australia
Authors: Zhang Ming , Yang Yong , Xia Zhaohui , Cui Zehong , Ren Bin , Zhang Wenqi , Jeffries Max , Lau Hon Chung
Published: March 2015

The development of a coalbed-methane (CBM) field in its early stage is often plagued by the lack of well control and the scarcity of geological data across a large geographical area. Therefore, constructing a representative static model to estimate the in-place volume presents a formidable challenge. In this paper, we propose a work flow to overcome this challenge and apply it to a CBM field in the northern Bowen basin of Australia.

One may consider this work flow as a best practice for the following reasons. First, it makes use of data from various sources including cores, well logs, seismic interpretation, and topography. Second, it performs rigorous quality control on these data, such as depth shift and log normalization. Third, coal-ply division and correlation and subsequent structural modeling are based on three types of correlation: well-to-well, well-to-seismic, and well-seismic-geographic information system. Fourth, it establishes the low, base, and high trends for the most-important reservoir properties. Fifth, it constructs a base-case static model by combining the aforementioned structural and reservoir-property models. Sixth, it uses sensitivity analysis, which varies one reservoir parameter at a time, to rank the impact of reservoir parameters on in-place volume. Seventh, it uses uncertainty analysis that varies all reservoir parameters simultaneously to arrive at the P10, P50, and P90 in-place volumes and their corresponding static models that one can use for reservoir simulations to estimate the recoverable volumes.
Impact of Overlapping Collector on Orientated Deposition of Electrospun Nanofibers
Authors: Fang Changfu , Jiang Yan , Xu Lei
Published: March 2015

Standard electrospinning deposits disorderly nanofibers on a conducting collector owing to unstable whipping
of the jet. Nevertheless, biological engineering requires orderly electrospun nanofibers to improve mechanical properties
and cellular proliferation. An attempt is made to fabricate well-orientated nanofibers by applying an overlapping collector.
It turns out that electrospinning deposits random and disorderly nanofibers as usual even if conducting aluminum foil, as a
collector, overlaps insulating poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) film. When insulating PET film overlapping aluminum
foil is applied as a collector, the PET film accumulates ions to repel the whipping filament in the space while nonoverlapping
aluminum foil attracts the filament such that electrospinning deposits orientated nanofibers on the insulating
PET film.
Modeling and Sizing of Power-Gating Single-Rail MOS Current Mode Logic
Authors: Yang D. , Hu J. , Xiang X.
Published: March 2015

Almost all power-gating circuits used in MOS current-mode circuits were realized with dual-rail schemes. In
this paper, a power-gating scheme for single-rail MOS current mode logic (SRMCML) is presented. The modeling of the
sleep transistor in power-gating circuits is constructed and analyzed. The optimization methods for sizing sleep transistors
of power-gating circuits are addressed in terms of energy dissipations. The design methods of the power-gating SRMCML
circuits are presented. The effectiveness of the proposed power-gating structure is verified by using HSPICE simulations
with a SMIC 130nm technology. From the outcomes of simulations, the energy loss of the power-gating SRMCML circuits
is smaller than corresponding static CMOS alternatives in high frequencies.
A Power-Gating Scheme for MCML Circuits with Separable-Sizing Sleep Transistors
Authors: Geng Yeliang , Hu Jianping , Zou Kaiyu
Published: March 2015

Power-efficient designs are essential for micro-power sensor systems. This paper presents a power-gating
scheme for MCML (MOS Current Mode Logic) circuits with separable-sizing sleep transistors. In the proposed scheme,
two high-threshold power-gating transistors are inserted between load transistors and outputs of the MCML circuits. The
widths and lengths of sleep transistors in power-gated blocks are separately adjusted, which are independent of the bias
circuit. Basic cells and a 1-bit full adder are used to verify the correctness of the proposed scheme. The power consuming
comparisons between conventional MCML and proposed power-gating MCML circuits are carried out. The 1-bit MCML
full adder based on the proposed scheme nearly saves 36% of energy dissipations with respect to no-power-gating MCML
one, for a power-gating activity of 0.6. Moreover, the proposed power-gating MCML circuit also has a great advantage in
power dissipations in high frequency regions compared with the power-gating static CMOS ones. The power consumption
of the MCML 1-bit full adder based on the proposed scheme is 63.2%, 44.8%, and 36.97% compared with the powergating
static CMOS one when the operating frequency is 1GHz, 1.5GHz, and 2GHz, respectively.
Research on Ring Fire Diagnosis of DC Motor Based on Discrete Wavelet Lipschitz Index
Authors: Zhao-ping Tang , Qing-ping Yang , Shuai Tang , Wen-sheng Zhang , Jian-ping Sun
Published: March 2015

The favorable localization features of discrete wavelet provide a new method for detecting the mutational
points of electric spark signal. In this paper, by means of discrete wavelet function called db5, using the way of 6 scales
wavelet, analyzing the gathered electric spark signal and by extracting the modulus maxima of the 6 layers detailed signal
coefficient, the signal’s mutational points were located exactly and successfully. In addition, via the modulus maxima to
calculate Lipschitz index, measuring signal’s singularity, the signal’s mutational time was confirmed. The result of the
simulation shows that this method can detect not only the time and size effectively if the ring fire happens but also the
failure of the locomotive traction dc motor, timely and precisely. In this way, the operation safety of the train is ensured.
Analysis of Thermal-Mechanical Coupling of Automotive Disc Brake
Based on Numerical Simulation Method
Authors: Wang Kuiyang , Tang Jinhua
Published: March 2015

The background and necessity of application of numerical simulation method in research on friction materials
of automotive brake are analyzed. The numerical analysis methods of conversion of braking energy, distribution of friction
heat, transfer of friction heat and thermal mechanical coupling, are discussed. The dynamic temperature field and
thermal stress field of the same brake disc and two kinds of friction plates of different materials, which are the composite
materials based on resin and the powder metallurgy based on copper, are simulated and analyzed respectively under emergency
braking. The effect of friction materials’ performance on friction temperature and thermal stress distribution is obtained.
The results show that the friction performance of composite materials based on resin is better than the powder
metallurgy based on copper. The results are consistent with the experimental results. The numerical simulation methods
proposed have a good predictive effect on the typical characteristics of friction materials in the process of braking, which
provides effective references for preparation and optimization design of friction materials of brake.
Research on the Maximal Bearing Capacity Calculation of a New Double Ring Reducer Based on MATLAB
Authors: Xu Qiang , Xu Qi-sheng , Xu Dao-Yi
Published: March 2015

The bearing capacity of a new double ring reducer increases with the increase of load because of the elastic
deformation of the gear tooth. In order to solve the problem of its bearing capacity quantificationally, the concept of the
maximal bearing capacity is put forward. Starting with that the single tooth bending stress is up to the bending fatigue
strength, a mathematical model to determine the normal backlash of the gear teeth has been established, the maximal
deformation of the single tooth has been determined. The mathematical relationships have also been setup between the
normal backlashes of the tooth pairs, the maximal deformation and number of contact points, a corresponding MATLAB
program is designed. The maximal bearing capacity of the reducer has been estimated through examples and proved by
experiment. The results show that the calculation method is more effective and fully considers the factors that the elastic
deformation of the gear tooth can increases its bearing capacity, so the structure of the reducer is more compact, which
establishes the theory foundation for designing the reducer.
Research on Design Reuse System of Parallel Indexing Cam Mechanism Based on Knowledge
Authors: Xian-Hai Yang , Lu Meng , Qian Li , Lu-Peng Song , Chun-Xiang Shang
Published: March 2015

Design experience using parallel indexing cam mechanism, combined with theoretical knowledge engineering
and design reuse, and based knowledge of parallel indexing cam mechanism design reuse systems were researched.
Construct a flow chart system, studies the key technology knowledge base, inference engine and other systems to UG for
the development platform, the development of a knowledge-based parallel indexing cam mechanism design reuse
systems, and through examples of the system can greatly improve the design efficiency.
Research on the Flow Characteristics of Sudden-Reduction Oil Tube
Authors: Zhang Zhibin , Lin Chunxi , Ye Weiqiang , Wei An , Xiao Leming , Ai Wanzheng
Published: March 2015

The backflow region length in sudden-reduction oil tube is not only closely associated with its energy loss, but
is also closely related to the partition between orifice plate and plug. In this paper, the characteristics of backflow region
length in sudden-reduction oil tube are researched. The results illustrated that backflow region length decreases with the
increase in the contraction ratio. Moreover, when Reynolds number is more than 105, Reynolds number has little impact
on backflow region length. Empirical expression about backflow region length in sudden-reduction oil tube is also
discussed in this paper.
Threshold Effects of Environmental Regulation on Total Factor Energy
Efficiency in China
Authors: Huang Ling Yun , Xie Hui Qiang
Published: March 2015

This paper examines the threshold effects of environmental regulation on China’s total factor energy
efficiency (TFEE) using technological innovation (as measured by patents) as a threshold variable. Using the Slacksbased
measure-undesirable (SBM-undesirable) output model, we first estimate TFEEs in 30 Chinese provinces from 2000
to 2011 under the constraints of energy conservation and emissions reduction. We then analyze the impact of
environmental regulation on TFEE based on the panel threshold regression model. The results show that the average
TFEE in China from 2000 to 2011 is 0.503, indicating that this measure can be significantly improved. However,
environmental regulation has threshold effects on TFEE. Stringent environmental regulation can only improve TFEEs in
provinces with technological innovation levels between the first and second threshold values. When technological
innovation levels are below the first or above the second threshold value, tighter environmental regulation would lower
TFEE. The results suggest that environmental regulation does not always enhance TFEE and that the positive effect of
environmental regulation on TFEE must fall within a range of threshold values. In addition, improving the technological
innovation level and adjusting the industrial structure have positive effects on TFEE, while the irrational energy
consumption structure has a negative effect on TFEE.
Prenatal diagnosis of lissencephaly: A case report
Authors: Cerovac Natasa , Terzic Milan , Borkovic Milan , Divac Nevena , Stojanovic Radan , Prostran Milica
Published: March 2015

Introduction. Lissencephaly (?smooth brain?) forms a major group of brain
malformations due to abnormal neuronal migration. It can cause severe
intellectual and motor disability and epilepsy in children. The prenatal
diagnosis of this malformation is rare. Case report. We presented a case of
the prenatal diagnosis of lissencephaly. A 30-year old pregnant woman was
reffered to the hospital at the week 35 of gestation for magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI) after an ultrasound examination demonstrated fetal cerebral
ventriculomegaly. Fetal MRI of the brain showed ?smooth?, agyrya cortex. The
female infant was born at term with birth weight of 2,500 g and Apgar score
8, showing global developmental delay. Postnatal ultrasound and MRI confirmed
classical lissencephaly. She is now 8 years old and has spastic
quadriparesis, mental retardation and epilepsy. Conclusion. Confirmation of
the ultrasound diagnosis with MRI is desirable for the prenatal diagnosis of
lissencephaly.
Effect of Base and Inlay Restorative Material on the Stress Distribution and Fracture Resistance of Weakened Premolars
Authors: Souza ACO , Xavier TA , Platt JA , Borges ALS
Published: March 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of direct base and indirect inlay materials on stress distribution and fracture resistance of endodontically treated premolars with weakened cusps. Forty healthy human premolars were selected; five were left intact as controls (group C+), and the others were subjected to endodontic treatment and removal of buccal and lingual cusp dentin. Five teeth were left as negative controls (group C−). The remaining 30 teeth were divided into two groups according to the direct base material (glass ionomer [GIC] or composite resin [CR]). After base placement, each group was subjected to extensive inlay preparation, and then three subgroups were created (n=5): no inlay restoration (GIC and CR), restored with an indirect composite resin inlay (GIC+IR and CR+IR), and restored with a ceramic inlay (GIC+C and CR+C). Each specimen was loaded until fracture in a universal testing machine. For finite element analysis, the results showed that the removal of tooth structure significantly affected fracture resistance. The lowest values were presented by the negative control group, followed by the restored and based groups (not statistically different from each other) and all lower than the positive control group. In finite element analysis, the stress concentration was lower in the restored tooth compared to the tooth without restoration, whereas in the restored teeth, the stress concentration was similar, regardless of the material used for the base or restoration. It can be concluded that the inlay materials combined with a base showed similar behavior and were not able to regain the strength of intact tooth structure.