bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Structure, Frontier Molecular Orbitals, MESP and UV–Visible Spectroscopy Studies of Ethyl 4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate: A Theoretical and Experimental Appraisal
Authors: Jagdale Bapu Sonu , Ashok Adole Vishnu , Bhavsing Pawar Thansing , Desale Bhatu Shivaji
Published: July 2020

n the current investigation, we wish to report a combined study on the theoretical and experimental investigation of structural, molecular, and spectral properties of ethyl 4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate (EDMT). The EDMT molecule is synthesized and characterized by UV-Visible, FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT, and mass spectral techniques. The density functional theory (DFT) investigation was performed by using the B3LYP level of theory at 6-311++G (d,p) basis set. Frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis is likewise examined. An TD-DFT method was used for the UV-Visible spectral analysis by using the B3LYP level and 6-311++G (d,p) basis set in the DMSO solvent. Experimental and theoretical UV-Visible spectra were compared in the present study. Various reactivity descriptors are discussed. Besides, Mulliken atomic charges, molecular electrostatic surface potential (MESP), and some valuable thermodynamic functions are studied.
Computational Insights on Molecular Structure, Electronic Properties, and Chemical Reactivity of (E)-3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)Prop-2-en-1-one
Authors: A. Adole Vishnu , B. Koli Prashant , A. Shinde Rahul , S. Shinde Rohit
Published: July 2020

In the current examination, (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one has been studied to investigate geometrical entities, electronic properties, and chemical reactivity viewpoints. To inspect structural, spectroscopic, and chemical reactivity aspects, density functional theory method (DFT) at B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) basis set has been employed. The (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one has been synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, 1HNMR, and 13C NMR spectral techniques. The detailed investigation of bond lengths and bond angles is discussed to comprehend the geometrical framework. To explore its chemical behaviour, Mulliken atomic charges, molecular electrostatic potential surface, and electronic parameters are introduced. The imperative exploration of the electronic properties, such as HOMO and LUMO energies, was studied by the time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) method. The dipole moment of the title molecule is 2.57 Debye with C1 point group symmetry. The most electropositive carbon and hydrogen atoms in the title molecule are C14 and H27 respectively. Amongst aromatic C=C, the C16-C18 is the longest, and C17-C19 is the shortest bond. The molecular electrostatic potential plot predicts the positive electrostatic potential is around hydrogen atoms. The vibrational assignments were made by comparing the experimental FT-IR absorption peaks with the scaled frequencies obtained using computational work. Besides, some significant thermochemical information is obtained using the same basis set using frequencies.
Following total hip arthroplasty: femoral head component diameter of 32 mm or larger is associated with lower risk of dislocation in patients with a prior lumbar fusion
Authors: Mononen Henri , Sund Reijo , Halme Jarkko , Kröger Heikki , Sirola Joonas
Published: July 2020

Aims

There is evidence that prior lumbar fusion increases the risk of dislocation and revision after total hip arthroplasty (THA). The relationship between prior lumbar fusion and the effect of femoral head diameter on THA dislocation has not been investigated. We examined the relationship between prior lumbar fusion or discectomy and the risk of dislocation or revision after THA. We also examined the effect of femoral head component diameter on the risk of dislocation or revision.

Methods

Data used in this study were compiled from several Finnish national health registers, including the Finnish Arthroplasty Register (FAR) which was the primary source for prosthesis-related data. Other registers used in this study included the Finnish Health Care Register (HILMO), the Social Insurance Institutions (SII) registers, and Statistics Finland. The study was conducted as a prospective retrospective cohort study. Cox proportional hazards regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used for analysis.

Results

Prior lumbar fusion surgery was associated with increased risk of prosthetic dislocation (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.393, p < 0.001) and revision (HR = 1.528, p < 0.001). Head components larger than 28 mm were associated with lower dislocation rates compared to the 28 mm head (32 mm: HR = 0.712, p < 0.001; 36 mm: HR = 0.700, p < 0.001; 38 mm: HR = 0.808, p < 0.140; and 40 mm: HR = 0.421, p < 0.001). Heads of 38 mm (HR = 1.288, p < 0.001) and 40 mm (HR = 1.367, p < 0.001) had increased risk of revision compared to the 28 mm head.

Conclusion

Lumbar fusion surgery was associated with higher rate of hip prosthesis dislocation and higher risk of revision surgery. Femoral head component of 32 mm (or larger) associates with lower risk of dislocation in patients with previous lumbar fusion. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(8):1003–1009.
Oxford domed lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
Authors: Kennedy James A. , Mohammad Hasan R. , Yang Irene , Mellon Stephen J. , Dodd Christopher A. F. , Pandit Hemant G. , Murray David W.
Published: July 2020

Aims

To report mid- to long-term results of Oxford mobile bearing domed lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), and determine the effect of potential contraindications on outcome.

Methods

A total of 325 consecutive domed lateral UKAs undertaken for the recommended indications were included, and their functional and survival outcomes were assessed. The effects of age, weight, activity, and the presence of full-thickness erosions of cartilage in the patellofemoral joint on outcome were evaluated.

Results

Median follow-up was seven years (3 to 14), and mean age at surgery was 65 years (39 to 90). Median Oxford Knee Score (OKS) was 43 (interquartile range (IQR) 37 to 47), with 260 (80%) achieving a good or excellent score (OKS > 34). Revisions occurred in 34 (10%); 14 (4%) were for dislocation, of which 12 had no recurrence following insertion of a new bearing, and 12 (4%) were revised for medial osteoarthritis (OA). Ten-year survival was 85% (95% confidence interval (CI) 79 to 90, at risk 72). Age, weight, activity, and patellofemoral erosions did not have a significant effect on the clinical outcome or survival.

Conclusion

Domed lateral UKA provides a good alternative to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the management of lateral compartment OA. Although dislocation is relatively easy to treat successfully, the dislocation rate of 4% is high. It is recommended that the stability of the bearing is assessed intraoperatively. If the bearing can easily be displaced, the fixed rather than the mobile bearing version of the Oxford lateral tibial component should be inserted instead. Younger age, heavier weight, high activity, and patellofemoral erosions did not detrimentally affect outcome, so should not be considered contraindications. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(8):1033–1040.
Uncemented tantalum metal components versus cemented tibial components in total knee arthroplasty: 11- to 15-year outcomes of a single-blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hampton Matthew , Mansoor Junaid , Getty John , Sutton Paul M.
Published: July 2020

Aims

Total knee arthroplasty is an established treatment for knee osteoarthritis with excellent long-term results, but there remains controversy about the role of uncemented prostheses. We present the long-term results of a randomized trial comparing an uncemented tantalum metal tibial component with a conventional cemented component of the same implant design.

Methods

Patients under the age of 70 years with symptomatic osteoarthritis of the knee were randomized to receive either an uncemented tantalum metal tibial monoblock component or a standard cemented modular component. The mean age at time of recruitment to the study was 63 years (50 to 70), 46 (51.1%) knees were in male patients, and the mean body mass index was 30.4 kg/m2(21 to 36). The same cruciate retaining total knee system was used in both groups. All patients received an uncemented femoral component and no patients had their patella resurfaced. Patient outcomes were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively using the modified Oxford Knee Score, Knee Society Score, and 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF-12) score. Radiographs were analyzed using the American Knee Society Radiograph Evaluation score. Operative complications, reoperations, or revision surgery were recorded. A total of 90 knees were randomized and at last review 77 knees were assessed. In all, 11 patients had died and two were lost to follow-up.

Results

At final review all patients were between 11 and 15 years following surgery. In total, 41 of the knees were cemented and 36 uncemented. There were no revisions in the cemented group and one revision in the uncemented group for fracture. The uncemented group reported better outcomes with both statistically and clinically significant (p = 0.001) improvements in knee-specific Oxford and Knee Society scores compared with the cemented group. The global SF-12 scores demonstrated no statistical difference (p = 0.812). Uncemented knees had better radiological analysis compared with the cemented group (p < 0.001)

Conclusion

Use of an uncemented trabecular metal tibial implant can afford better long-term clinical outcomes when compared to cemented tibial components of a matched design. However, both have excellent survivorship up to 15 years after implantation. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(8):1025–1032.
A comparison study between hybrid surgery and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for the treatment of multilevel cervical spondylosis
Authors: Yang Yong-Dong , Zhao He , Chai Yi , Zhao Ding-Yan , Duan Li-Jun , Wang He-Jun , Zhu Jin-Jin , Yang Shu-Hui , Li Chuan-Hong , Chen Si-Xue , Chae Seoung-Mok , Song Jia-Wei , Wang Xiu-Mei , Yu Xing
Published: July 2020

Aims

Whether to perform hybrid surgery (HS) in contrast to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) when treating patients with multilevel cervical disc degeneration remains a controversial subject. To resolve this we have undertaken a meta-analysis comparing the outcomes from HS with ACDF in this condition.

Methods

Seven databases were searched for studies of HS and ACDF from inception of the study to 1 September 2019. Both random-effects and fixed-effects models were used to evaluate the overall effect of the C2-C7 range of motion (ROM), ROM of superior/inferior adjacent levels, adjacent segment degeneration (ASD), heterotopic ossification (HO), complications, neck disability index (NDI) score, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, Odom’s criteria, blood loss, and operating and hospitalization time. To obtain more credible results contour-enhanced funnel plots, Egger’s and Begg’s tests, meta-regression, and sensitivity analyses were performed.

Results

In total, 17 studies involving 861 patients were included in the analysis. HS was found to be superior to ACDF in maintaining C2-C7 ROM and ROM of superior/inferior adjacent levels, but HS did not reduce the incidence of associated level ASD. Also, HS did not cause a higher rate of HO than ACDF. The frequency of complications was similar between the two techniques. HS failed to achieve more favourable outcomes than ACDF using the NDI, VAS, JOA, and Odom’s scores. HS did not show any more advantages in operating or hospitalization time but did show reduction in blood loss.

Conclusion

Although HS maintained cervical kinetics, it failed to reduce the incidence of ASD. This finding differs from previous reports. Moreover, patients did not show more benefits from HS with respect to symptom improvement, prevention of complications, and clinical outcomes. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(8):981–996.
Reliability and validity of the Wrightington classification of elbow fracture-dislocation
Authors: Hamoodi Zaid , Singh Jagwant , Elvey Michael H. , Watts Adam C.
Published: July 2020

Aims

The Wrightington classification system of fracture-dislocations of the elbow divides these injuries into six subtypes depending on the involvement of the coronoid and the radial head. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and reproducibility of this classification system.

Methods

This was a blinded study using radiographs and CT scans of 48 consecutive patients managed according to the Wrightington classification system between 2010 and 2018. Four trauma and orthopaedic consultants, two post CCT fellows, and one speciality registrar based in the UK classified the injuries. The seven observers reviewed preoperative radiographs and CT scans twice, with a minimum four-week interval. Radiographs and CT scans were reviewed separately. Inter- and intraobserver reliability were calculated using Fleiss and Cohen kappa coefficients. The Landis and Koch criteria were used to interpret the strength of the kappa values. Validity was assessed by calculating the percentage agreement against intraoperative findings.

Results

Of the 48 patients, three (6%) had type A injury, 11 (23%) type B, 16 (33%) type B+, 16 (33%) Type C, two (4%) type D+, and none had a type D injury. All 48 patients had anteroposterior (AP) and lateral radiographs, 44 had 2D CT scans, and 39 had 3D reconstructions. The interobserver reliability kappa value was 0.52 for radiographs, 0.71 for 2D CT scans, and 0.73 for a combination of 2D and 3D reconstruction CT scans. The median intraobserver reliability was 0.75 (interquartile range (IQR) 0.62 to 0.79) for radiographs, 0.77 (IQR 0.73 to 0.94) for 2D CT scans, and 0.89 (IQR 0.77 to 0.93) for the combination of 2D and 3D reconstruction. Validity analysis showed that accuracy significantly improved when using CT scans (p = 0.018 and p = 0.028 respectively).

Conclusion

The Wrightington classification system is a reliable and valid method of classifying fracture-dislocations of the elbow. CT scans are significantly more accurate than radiographs when identifying the pattern of injury, with good intra- and interobserver reproducibility. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(8):1041–1047.
Migration of a novel 3D-printed cementless versus a cemented total knee arthroplasty: two-year results of a randomized controlled trial using radiostereometric analysis
Authors: Hasan Shaho , van Hamersveld Koen T. , Marang-van de Mheen Perla J. , Kaptein Bart L. , Nelissen Rob G. H. H. , Toksvig-Larsen Sören
Published: July 2020

Aims

Although bone cement is the primary mode of fixation in total knee arthroplasty (TKA), cementless fixation is gaining interest as it has the potential of achieving lasting biological fixation. By 3D printing an implant, highly porous structures can be manufactured, promoting osseointegration into the implant to prevent aseptic loosening. This study compares the migration of cementless, 3D-printed TKA to cemented TKA of a similar design up to two years of follow-up using radiostereometric analysis (RSA) known for its ability to predict aseptic loosening.

Methods

A total of 72 patients were randomized to either cementless 3D-printed or a cemented cruciate retaining TKA. RSA and clinical scores were evaluated at baseline and postoperatively at three, 12, and 24 months. A mixed model was used to analyze the repeated measurements.

Results

The mean maximum total point motion (MTPM) at three, 12, and 24 months was 0.33 mm (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25 to 0.42), 0.42 mm (95% CI 0.33 to 0.51), and 0.47 mm (95% CI 0.38 to 0.57) respectively in the cemented group, versus 0.52 mm (95% CI 0.43 to 0.63), 0.62 mm (95% CI 0.52 to 0.73), and 0.64 mm (95% CI 0.53 to 0.75) in the cementless group (p = 0.003). However, using three months as baseline, no difference in mean migration between groups was found (p = 0.497). Three implants in the cemented group showed a > 0.2 mm increase in MTPM between one and two years of follow-up. In the cementless group, one implant was revised due to pain and progressive migration, and one patient had a liner-exchange due to a deep infection.

Conclusion

The cementless TKA migrated more than the cemented TKA in the first two-year period. This difference was mainly due to a higher initial migration of the cementless TKA in the first three postoperative months after which stabilization was observed in all but one malaligned and early revised TKA. Whether the biological fixation of the cementless implants will result in an increased long-term survivorship requires a longer follow-up. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(8):1016–1024.
Combined two-centre experience of single-entry telescopic rods identifies characteristic modes of failure
Authors: Cox India , Al Mouazzen Louay , Bleibleh Sabri , Moldovan Radu , Bintcliffe Fiona , Bache C. Edward , Thomas Simon
Published: July 2020

Aims

The Fassier Duval (FD) rod is a third-generation telescopic implant for children with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Threaded fixation enables proximal insertion without opening the knee or ankle joint. We have reviewed our combined two-centre experience with this implant.

Methods

In total, 34 children with a mean age of five years (1 to 14) with severe OI have undergone rodding of 72 lower limb long bones (27 tibial, 45 femoral) for recurrent fractures with progressive deformity despite optimized bone health and bisphosphonate therapy. Data were collected prospectively, with 1.5 to 11 years follow-up.

Results

A total of 24 patients (33%) required exchange of implants (14 femora and ten tibiae) including 11 rods bending with refracture. Four (5%) required reoperation with implant retention. Loss of proximal fixation in the femur and distal fixation in the tibia were common. Four patients developed coxa vara requiring surgical correction. In total, 13 patients experienced further fractures without rod bending; eight required implant revision. There was one deep infection. The five-year survival rate, with rod revision as the endpoint, was 63% (95% confidence interval (CI) 44% to 77%) for femoral rods, with a mean age at implantation of 4.8 years (1.3 to 14.8), and 64% (95% CI 36% to 82%) for tibial rods, with a mean age at implantation of 5.2 years (2.0 to 13.8).

Conclusion

FD rods are easier to implant but do not improve on the revision rates reported for second generation T-piece rods. Proximal femoral fixation is problematic in younger children with a partially ossified greater trochanter. Distal tibial fixation typically fails after two years. Future generation implants should address proximal femoral and distal tibial fixation to avoid the majority of complications in this series. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(8):1048–1055.
Fixation of distal radius fractures using wide-awake local anaesthesia with no tourniquet (WALANT) technique
Authors: Tahir Muhammad , Chaudhry Ejaz Ali , Zaffar Zain , Anwar Kashif , Mamoon Muhammad Ameer Hamza , Ahmad Muhammad , Jamali Allah Rakhio , Mehboob Ghulam
Published: July 2020

Aims

We hypothesized that the wide-awake local anaesthesia with no tourniquet (WALANT) technique is cost-effective, easy to use, safe, and reproducible, with a low learning curve towards mastery, having a high patient satisfaction rate. Furthermore, WALANT would be a suitable alternative for the austere and developing nation environments where lack of funds and resources are a common issue.

Methods

This was a randomized control trial of 169 patients who required surgery for closed isolated distal radius fractures. The study was performed between March 2016 and April 2019 at a public sector level 1 trauma centre. General anaesthesia was used in 56 patients, Bier’s block in 58 patients, and WALANT in 55 patients. Data were collected on pre-, peri-, and postoperative parameters, clinical outcome, hospital costs, and patient satisfaction. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used with a p-value of 0.05 being significant.

Results

Operations with WALANT proceeded sooner, and patients recovered faster, resulting in mean fewer missed working days (7.8 (SD 1.67)) compared with general anaesthesia (20.1 (SD 7.37)) or Bier’s block (14.1 (SD 7.65)) (p < 0.001). The WALANT patients did not develop complications, while the other patients did (p < 0.04). Clinical outcomes did not differ, nor did surgeon qualification affect clinical outcomes. Mean hospital costs were lower for WALANT ($428.50 (SD 77.71)) than for general anaesthesia ($630.63 (SD 114.77)) or Bier’s block ($734.00 (SD 37.54)) (p < 0.001). Patient satisfaction was also higher (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

WALANT for distal radius fractures results in a faster recovery, is more cost-effective, has similar clinical outcomes, and has fewer complications than general anaesthesia or Bier's block. This makes WALANT an attractive technique in any setting, but especially in middle- and low-income countries. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(7):429–439.
A systematic review of reported outcomes following Ponseti correction of idiopathic club foot
Authors: Gelfer Yael , Hughes Katie Patterson , Fontalis Andreas , Wientroub Shlomo , Eastwood Deborah M.
Published: July 2020

Aims

To analyze outcomes reported in studies of Ponseti correction of idiopathic clubfoot.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature was performed to identify a list of outcomes and outcome tools reported in the literature. A total of 865 studies were screened following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and 124 trials were included in the analysis. Data extraction was completed by two researchers for each trial. Each outcome tool was assigned to one of the five core areas defined by the Outcome Measures Recommended for use in Randomized Clinical Trials (OMERACT). Bias assessment was not deemed necessary for the purpose of this paper.

Results

In total, 20 isolated outcomes and 16 outcome tools were identified representing five OMERACT domains. Most outcome tools were appropriately designed for children of walking age but have not been embraced in the literature. The most commonly reported isolated outcomes are subjective and qualitative. The quantitative outcomes most commonly used are ankle range of motion (ROM), foot position in standing, and muscle function.

Conclusions

There is a diverse range of outcomes reported in studies of Ponseti correction of clubfoot. Until outcomes can be reported unequivocally and consistently, research in this area will be limited. Completing the process of establishing and validating COS is the much-needed next step. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-8:457–464.
Cepstral analysis for baseline-insensitive absorption spectroscopy using light sources with pronounced intensity variations
Authors: Goldenstein Christopher S. , Mathews Garrett C. , Cole Ryan K. , Makowiecki Amanda S. , Rieker Gregory B.
Published: July 2020

This paper presents a data-processing technique that improves the
accuracy and precision of absorption-spectroscopy measurements by
isolating the molecular absorbance signal from errors in the baseline
light intensity (

I
o

) using cepstral analysis. Recently,
cepstral analysis has been used with traditional absorption
spectrometers to create a modified form of the time-domain molecular
free-induction decay (m-FID) signal, which can be analyzed
independently from

I
o

. However, independent analysis of the
molecular signature is not possible when the baseline intensity and
molecular response do not separate well in the time domain, which is
typical when using injection-current-tuned lasers [e.g., tunable diode
and quantum cascade lasers (QCLs)] and other light sources with
pronounced intensity tuning. In contrast, the method presented here is
applicable to virtually all light sources since it determines gas
properties by least-squares fitting a simulated m-FID signal
(comprising an estimated

I
o

and simulated absorbance spectrum) to
the measured m-FID signal in the time domain. This method is
insensitive to errors in the estimated

I
o

, which vary slowly with optical
frequency and, therefore, decay rapidly in the time domain. The
benefits provided by this method are demonstrated via
scanned-wavelength direct-absorption-spectroscopy measurements
acquired with a distributed-feedback (DFB) QCL. The wavelength of a
DFB QCL was scanned across the CO P(0,20) and P(1,14) absorption
transitions at 1 kHz to measure the gas temperature and concentration
of CO. Measurements were acquired in a gas cell and in a laminar
ethylene–air diffusion flame at 1 atm. The measured spectra were
processed using the new m-FID-based method and two traditional
methods, which rely on inferring (instead of rejecting) the baseline
error within the spectral-fitting routine. The m-FID-based method
demonstrated superior accuracy in all cases and a measurement
precision that was

≈

1.5

to 10 times smaller than that
provided using traditional methods.
Implementation of temporal ptychography algorithm, i2PIE, for improved single-beam coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering measurements
Authors: Viljoen Ruan , Neethling Pieter , Spangenberg Dirk , Heidt Alexander , Frey Hans-Martin , Feurer Thomas , Rohwer Erich
Published: July 2020

We present an improvement on the signal-to-background of single-beam coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (SB-CARS) spectroscopy measurements for systems employing ultrafast supercontinuum sources based on all-normal dispersion photonic crystal fibers. Improvements to the signal-to-background arise in the use of a new pulse-reconstruction algorithm based on temporal ptychography,

i

2

P
I
E

. A simple SB-CARS strategy is used to measure the spectrum of para-xylene, where the supercontinuum pulses used are compressed using multiphoton intrapulse interference phase scan (MIIPS) and, for the first time to the best of our knowledge,

i

2

P
I
E

using the same single-beam setup. With the

i

2

P
I
E

implementation, the signal-to-background is improved by nearly a factor of 4 in comparison with MIIPS. More notably, the integrated SB-CARS spectral intensity is increased by a factor of 6.5.
Over 10 attenuation length gigabits per second underwater wireless optical communication using a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) based receiver
Authors: Zhang Long , Tang Xinke , Sun Caiming , Chen Zhen , Li Zhongyi , Wang Hongjie , Jiang Rui , Shi Wu , Zhang Aidong
Published: July 2020

Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) will play an important role in the underwater environment exploration and marine resource development due to its advantages of high data rate and good mobility. However, the significant signal power attenuation in the underwater channel limits the transmission distance of UWOC. Attenuation length (AL) is widely used as an indicator for evaluating the UWOC system's long-distance transmission capability. At present, Gbps UWOC is limited within 7AL. Using a SiPM based receiver can dramatically increase the AL that UWOC can support. In this paper, a novel UWOC receiver built from an off-the-shelf SiPM has been demonstrated. The finite pulse width and limited bandwidth of SiPM limit the SiPM based UWOC system's data rate. To boost the system's data rate, an optimum method to process the SiPM's signal has therefore been investigated. Based on these methods, the communication capabilities of the SiPM based UWOC have been investigated experimentally. Results show that the SiPM based receiver can support 11.6AL without turbulence and 9.28AL within weak turbulence (scintillation index = 0.0447) at 1 Gbps.
High-dynamic range segmented mirror metrology by two-wavelength PISTIL interferometry: demonstration and performance
Authors: Rouze Bastien , Primot Jerome , Lanzoni Patrick , Zamkotsian Frederic , Tache Feriel , Bellanger Cindy
Published: July 2020

The PISTIL interferometry has been recently developed for the wavefront sensing of phase delays (pistons) and tilts of segmented surfaces, used in many domains such as astronomy, high-power lasers or ophthalmology. In this paper, we propose a two-wavelength version of this interferometer developed to bypass the dynamic range limitation of the ambiguous 2π phase wrapping. Principle of the technique is presented, along with experimental results obtained with a demonstration deformable mirror PTT-111 from Iris AO. Above wavelength pistons are measured with a precision and accuracy below λ/100, making the two-wavelength PISTIL interferometry a high-dynamic range technique. To prove these performances, we successfully compare the results in terms of precision and accuracy with those of a reference phase-shifting Interferometer, from a blind experimentation.
Compact harmonic cavity optical parametric oscillator for optical parametric amplifier seeding
Authors: Nägele Marco , Steinle Tobias , Mörz Florian , Linnenbank Heiko , Steinmann Andy , Giessen Harald
Published: July 2020

We present a broadly tunable highly efficient frequency conversion scheme, based on a low-threshold harmonic cavity optical parametric oscillator (OPO) followed by an idler-seeded power amplifier. By choosing the cavity length of the OPO equal to the 10th harmonic of its 41 MHz Yb:KGW solid-state pump laser, a very compact optical setup is achieved. A singly-resonant cavity without output coupler results in a low oscillation threshold of only 28–100 mW in the entire signal tuning range of 1.37–1.8 µm. The 2.4–4.15 µm idler radiation is coupled out at the 41 MHz pump frequency and employed to seed a post amplifier with nearly Watt-level output power. In addition, the seeder plus power amplifier concept results in clean signal and idler pulses at the fundamental repetition rate of 41 MHz with a time-bandwidth product below 0.4 and a relative intensity noise 10 dB lower compared to the solid-state pump laser.
532-nm second harmonic generation with enhanced efficiency using subharmonic cavity modulation-based quasi-Q-switched-mode-locked pulses
Authors: Hong Ikjun , Lee Kyungtaek , Lee Ju Han
Published: July 2020

We report the results of our investigation of the second harmonic generation (SHG) green pulse generation with an active, quasi-Q-switched-mode-locked (QML) fiber laser based on subharmonic cavity modulation. First, we investigate the working principle of the quasi-QML pulse generation technique, based on subharmonic cavity modulation through analytical calculation. We show that the stable QML-like pulse generation by subharmonic cavity modulation is induced by phase-locked interference of a large number of subharmonic modulation-induced frequency components within a cavity. Next, we experimentally realize a 1064 nm quasi-QML fiber laser with an ytterbium (Yb)-doped fiber ring cavity incorporating an acousto-optic modulator. Finally, using the implemented quasi-QML laser, we experimentally show that the use of 1064 nm quasi-QML pulses could result in the increase of the SHG conversion efficiency in a MgO:PPLN, compared to the use of continuous mode-locked (ML) pulses. For our particular experimental configuration, we could readily achieve a noticeable SHG efficiency increase of 8% by using quasi-QML pulses with a subharmonic order of 80, compared to continuous ML pulses.
N x N x Mλ electro-optical nanobeam wavelength-multiplexed cross-connect switches using push-push addressing
Authors: Soref Richard
Published: July 2020

In this theoretical work, we design elemental and higher-order wavelength-division-multiplexed cross-connects (WXCs): nonblocking space-and-wavelength routing switches to be constructed in a monolithic, industry-standard, silicon-on-insulator (SOI) chip operating at a center wavelength of 1550 nm. Each multi-spectral multi-crossbar 2×2 x Mλ “element” of the network switch is an M-fold cascade connection of λ-diverse SOI Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs), each of which utilizes a nanobeam cavity in each MZI arm. Within the element, each MZI has an electro-optically (EO) controlled local PN-junction “depleter” embedded in each cavity. The cavity voltage commands are (0,0) or (V,V) where V is a “small” reverse bias. Each element can be reconfigured in 2 to 5 ps, depending on Q, with few-fJ/bit switching energy. For the M = 3 case, a compact 6-element 4×4×3λ WXC is presented. In addition, compact new designs are given for a 12-element 8×8×3λ WXC and for 16×16×8λ WXCs employing either 56 or 72 elements.
Proposal for a photoacoustic ultrasonic generator based on Tamm plasmon structures
Authors: Girshova Elizaveta I. , Mikitchuk Alena P. , Belonovski Alexey V. , Morozov Konstantin M. , Ivanov Konstantin A. , Pozina Galia , Kozadaev Konstantin V. , Egorov Anton Yu. , Kaliteevski Mikhail A.
Published: July 2020

The scheme of a generation of ultrasound waves based on optically excited Tamm plasmon structures is proposed. It is shown that Tamm plasmon structures can provide total absorption of a laser pulse with arbitrary wavelength in a metallic layer providing the possibility of the use of an infrared semiconductor laser for the excitation of ultrasound waves. Laser pulse absorption, heat transfer and dynamical properties of the structure are modeled, and the optimal design of the structure is found. It is demonstrated that the Tamm plasmon-based photoacoustic generator can emit ultrasound waves in the frequency band up to 100 MHz with predefined frequency spectrum.
High-precision millimeter-wave frequency determination through plasmonic photomixing
Authors: Wang Ning , Jarrahi Mona
Published: July 2020

We present a technique for high-precision millimeter-wave frequency determination through plasmonic photomixing. Our technique utilizes a plasmonic photomixer pumped by an optical frequency comb with a high-stability millimeter-wave beat frequency. The plasmonic photomixer down-converts the millimeter-wave signal to the radio frequency regime at which high-accuracy frequency counters are available. The precision of this technique is determined by the frequency stability of the optical beat frequency, which can be directly characterized in the presented experimental setup. We demonstrate frequency measurement precision as low as 3.9×10−10 at 95 GHz through plasmonic photomixing without phase-locking the optical frequency comb.
Miniaturizing nanoantennas with hybrid photonic-plasmonic modes for improved metasurfaces
Authors: Chachamovitz Yoav , Bartal Guy
Published: July 2020

The increasing interest in manipulating light on scales much smaller than its wavelength has driven intensive research on designing high efficiency optical antennas for near and far field applications. In particular, such nanoantennas serve as the main building block of metasurfaces, which were identified as an emerging technology for their capability in constructing versatile optical and electromagnetic devices. Hence, reducing the antennas’ dimensions without compromising on their scattering efficiency is of utmost importance. In this Letter, we show that nanoantennas carved from hybrid plasmonic-dielectric waveguides preserve the unique properties of the hybrid modes, showing stronger confinement and better tunability at a relatively low loss, emanating from the coupling between the dielectric and plasmonic modes. This enables a design of high performance ultrasmall antennas that outperform dielectric and plasmonic nanoantennas at similar dimensions. We demonstrate this capability by simulating the performance of metasurfaces made of ultrasmall hybrid nanoantennas, proven to be superior over their dielectric and plasmonic counterparts. Using such hybrid nanoantennas as unit-cells in metasurfaces holds a great promise for designing new tunable, multifunctional, and low-loss nano-optical materials and applications.
Gallbladder Adenomyomatosis in an Infant
Authors: Chen Charles B. , Kabbany Mohammad Nasser
Published: July 2020

Gallbladder adenomyomatosis is a rare condition that is predominantly seen in adults, and only a few cases have been described in the pediatric population. Although it is generally benign, it may present a diagnostic challenge for physicians. Advances in imaging have led to an increase in its detection. Nevertheless, the characteristics and management of this condition in pediatric patients have not been well described. We present a case of a 6-week-old infant boy who was found to have gallbladder adenomyomatosis.
‘Does my Haltung look big in this?’: The use of social pedagogical theory for the development of ethical and value-led practice
Authors: Charfe Lowis , Gardner Ali
Published: July 2020

The aim of this article is to set out how the use of social pedagogical Haltung can support the exploration of values and how this informs and shapes a practitioner’s direct work. Haltung is a German concept that has no direct English translation but means ‘mindset’, ‘ethos’ or ‘attitude’ (Eichsteller, 2010) and relates to an individual’s value base. Mührel (2008, cited in Eichsteller, 2010) set out that a social pedagogical Haltung is based on the two concepts of empathic understanding and regard. This article argues that the use of a social pedagogical Haltung gives practitioners a philosophical framework to support the reflection of core values and ethics held on a personal level. It also supports an understanding of how these influence practitioners and students when using self in relationship-based practice. The understanding of Haltung is important, but for social pedagogical practice to be undertaken it also has to be demonstrated by actions. The reflective activity of ‘values alive in practice’, set out in this article, provides a tool for social workers, practitioners and students to critically explore their own values and practice and make more meaningful connections between their Haltung and the behaviours they demonstrate in their everyday work. In the United Kingdom, values and standards for social work practice are set out by the British Association of Social Work and Social Work England. Arguably these have, at times, been reduced to a checklist for students and practitioners and can lack more in-depth and explicit links to practice. The analysis of practice is more likely to focus on the skills and abilities of practitioners rather than the value base that underpins these. While the understanding and key application of core knowledge and skills is essential for competent social work practice (Forrester et al., 2019), this article argues that it must also be supported and shaped by ethical principles. It seeks to explore how social workers can be supported to adopt value-led approaches to complex work within an outcome-focused culture.
Turismo y desarrollo
Authors: Ramirez Lucas
Published: July 2020

La localidad de Villa Elisa (provincia de Entre Ríos, Argentina) atravesó un profundo y acelerado proceso de transformación socioterritorial motorizado por el aprovechamiento turístico-recreativo del recurso agua termal, que se concretó específicamente con la construcción y puesta en funcionamiento de un complejo termal (inaugurado a fines del año 1999). Dicho complejo constituyó el “núcleo” desde el cual se configuró la dinámica turística del lugar -que también involucra funcionalmente a la planta urbana de la localidad- generando una específica forma de organización territorial y económica; cuya caracterización y comprensión conforma el objeto analítico de este trabajo. Desde una estrategia metodológica descriptiva y exploratoria, interesa describir el territorio turístico del lugar; identificando y comprendiendo, asimismo, el rol del Municipio, de actores sociales locales y agentes económicos respecto a la gestión del recurso termal, la prestación de servicios turísticos y las transformaciones urbanas resultantes. Así, el trabajo permite revisar ciertas ideas sobre el término “enclave económico-territorial”, reflexionando, igualmente, sobre la noción y alcance de “lo local” como escala analítica que permite no solo comprender un caso sino también interpretarlo a la luz del concepto mencionado.
DIAGNOSTIC PLAY ENDOSCOPY OF UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT FOR REDUCING STRESS IN CHILDREN AGED FROM 3 TO 7 YEARS
Authors: Loginova Irina Olegovna , Vakhrushev Sergei Gennadievich , Kononenko Irina Olegovna , Vishnyakova Nina Nikolaevna , Sergeevna Yuliya Sergeevna , Smbatyan Armine Smbatovna
Published: July 2020

Aim. In modern medical and psychological literature, the importance of reducing stress during medical examination of children is explained by the ambivalent characteristics of the modern technological approach: on the one hand, it gives more accurate data on the status of the body, on the other hand, it acts as an additional stressor. This work demonstrates the possibilities of reducing stress during ENT diagnosis in children aged from 3 to 7 years by means of play endoscopy. Materials and methods. Children from 3 to 7 years of age requiring ENT endoscopy (n=30) participated in the study. All children were divided into 2 groups by the pair distribution function. The first group was offered a play endoscopy. Play endoscopy is an ENT endoscopy performed with endoscopic equipment provided with a fairy-tale character (hereinafter the product). Play endoscopy is carried out to reduce stress during consultation and examination (patent application No 2020104836). The second group of children was offered a traditional endoscopic examination. The research was conducted on the premises of the New Technologies Clinic. Results. In the first group, 13% of children showed signs of stress during ENT endoscopy, while in the second group there were 53% of stressed children. In the first group (15 children), 13 children without prevalence of any syndrome chose bright products corresponding to age and gender. Children in the second group were not offered play products. Conclusion. A comprehensive examination of a child requires an increase in the humanitarian component of the treatment process. The method of play endoscopy based on the selection of a toy with its subsequent use with endoscopic equipment has shown its effectiveness. Wider application of this technique for reducing stress in children aged from 3 to 7 years may be the subject of further research.
PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL AND INDIVIDUAL TYPOLOGICAL FEATURES OF FULL TIME UNIVERSITY STUDENTS OF THE URAL REGION
Authors: Kirsanov Vyacheslav Mikhailovich
Published: July 2020

Background. The influence of the educational environment on the personality and psycho-physical status of students is an urgent issue of differential psychophysiology since the rate of modernization of higher education is many times higher than the capabilities of adaptation to long-lasting environmental factors. Aim. The paper aims to assess the level of super slow biopo-tentials of the brain and identify personality structure in students of various universities of the Ural region. Materials and methods. Based on informed consent, 499 full-time students from various universities of the Ural region took part in the study. To identify the individual typologi-cal features, a battery of psychodiagnostic techniques was used such as the diagnosis of activity, motivation and self-regulation. The psychophysiological status of the central nervous system in students was assessed by the level of constant potential using the equipment developed by Neu-roenergetika. Mathematical processing of the results was carried out with Microsoft Excel 2010 and SPSS Statistics 17.0. Results. Distinctive features of the mental sphere (activity, motivation, self-regulation) of the university student population were expressed in the predominance of people with an average activity threshold and volitional self-control. Almost 75 of students are characterized by a desire to acquire knowledge. Indicators of constant brain potential that characterizes the function-al status of the body were within suboptimal values, which indicated tension in the regulatory mechan-isms of brain energy exchange. The optimal SCP values (from 7 to 15 mV) for frontal and parietal leads were recorded in 28.6 % of the students examined. Conclusion. Indicators of brain energy ex-change (SCP values) can serve as reliable precursors of students’ fatigue and the basis for preventive measures aimed at optimizing the body's adaptive capabilities.
Resonance index and singular μ-invariant
Authors: Azamov Nurulla , Daniels Tom
Published: July 2020

Given a self-adjoint operator and a relatively trace class perturbation, one can associate the singular spectral shift function – an integer-valued function on the real line which measures the flow of singular spectrum, not only at points outside of the essential spectrum, where it coincides with the classical notion of spectral flow, but at points within the essential spectrum too. The singular spectral shift function coincides with both the total resonance index and the singular μ-invariant. In this paper we give a direct proof of the equality of the total resonance index and singular μ-invariant assuming only the limiting absorption principle and no condition of trace class type – a context in which the existence of the singular spectral shift function is an open question. The proof is based on an application of the argument principle to the poles and zeros of the analytic continuation of the scattering matrix considered as a function of the coupling parameter.
Antifungal activity of selected volatile essential oils against Penicillium sp.
Authors: Felšöciová Soňa , Vukovic Nenad , Jeżowski Paweł , Kačániová Miroslava
Published: July 2020

Phytopathogenic fungi have been responsible for considerable economic losses in vineyards, and therefore, more attention should be paid to the development and implementation of preventative treatment that is environmentally friendly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of ten essential oils (EOs) (viz. Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Carum carvi L., Pinus mugo var. pumilio, Mentha piperita L., Foeniculum vulgare L., Pinus sylvestris L., Satureja hortensis L., Origanum vulgare L., Pimpinella anisum L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L.). For the antifungal activity evaluation against Penicillium brevicompactum, P. citrinum, P. crustosum, P. expansum, P. funiculosum, P. glabrum, P. chrysogenum, P. oxalicum, P. polonicum and Talaromyces purpurogenus a disc diffusion method was used. The ten EOs exhibited different antifungal properties. Three tested EOs (Carum carvi L., Satureja hortensis L. and Pimpinella anisum L.) at concentrations of 0.75, 0.50, 0.25 and 0.125 µL/mL showed antifungal activity, inhibiting the mycelial growth. The Origanum vulgare L. EOs exhibited a lower level of inhibition. Overall, Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Pinus mugo var. pumilio, Mentha piperita L., Foeniculum vulgare L., Pinus sylvestris L., Satureja hortensis L., Pimpinella anisum L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. were effective as fungicidal agents but their efficiency varied between the strains of fungi. Carum carvi L. showed strong antifungal activity against all tested strains at both full strength and reduced concentrations. These EOs could be considered as potential sources of antifungal compounds for treating plant fungal diseases.