bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isovalericacidemia: A Case Report
Authors: Winokur Paul A. , Vashistha Krishan , Seshamani Rajalakshmi
Published: December 2021

Aminoacidopathies are rare metabolic defects that frequently present shortly after birth or in early infancy with vomiting, dehydration, ketoacidosis, and a peculiar body odor. If not recognized early, these can result in developmental retardation and/or death. A case of isovalericacidemia is reported to emphasize the importance of metabolic screening when an infant presents with the above-mentioned symptoms along with an anion gap greater than 20 mEq/liter. In our patient, a metabolic disorder was suggested by the clinical presentation and was confirmed by measuring elevated levels of biproducts. The infant was given a low-leucine diet and has developed normally since then.
Treatment, but with inadequate diagnosis?
Authors: Schubert William K.
Published: December 2021

American pediatricians may be missing the diagnosis of celiac disease because they do not study patients who have diarrhea or malabsorption histologically prior to instituting a glutenfree diet. While evidence that the incidence of intestinal lymphoma is significantly increased in patients with celiac disease after 20 or 30 years is still accumulating, it is getting more solid all the time.

A more pertinent point to me, however, than the problem of lymphoma is the fact that celiac disease requires a gluten-free diet for life. When a patient is placed on a gluten-free diet without histologic confirmation, the diet is apt to be continued for a few months or one or two years and then stopped.
Early Scintigraphic Diagnosis of Bone Stress and Fractures in Athletic Adolescents
Authors: Rosen P. R. , Micheli Lyle J. , Treves S.
Published: December 2021

A study of radionuclide bone scintigraphy in adolescents was conducted to evaluate the pattern of stress-related abnormalities and their correlation with both symptoms and roentgenography. In 26 episodes of stress-related abnormal scintigraphy, 12 (46%) had a multifocal pattern of abnormalities. Forty foci were identified by scintigraphy, with 11 (28%) exhibiting abnormal roentgenograms. These multiple abnormalities were frequently unsuspected clinically, and studies limited to symptomatic areas would have failed to detect them. It is recommended that patients with stress-related symptoms be screened utilizing radionuclide bone scintigraphy to facilitate the early detection of abnormalities in bone prior to the development of cortical disruption, thereby preventing increased morbidity and possible disabling sequelae.
Simplified Urinary Microscopy to Detect Significant Bacteriuria
Authors: Corman Larry I. , Foshee William S. , Kotchmar George S. , Harbison Richard W.
Published: December 2021

A rapid, inexpensive and simple method for detecting significant bacteriuria is highly desirable in a pediatric outpatient setting. Over the past four years we have used a method of urine microscopy similar to that described by Robins et al.1 It had been our impression that examining fresh, unspun, unstained urine for bacteria on a counting chamber was a highly accurate method for detecting significant bacteriuria. The present study was designed to confirm our impression and to define threshold numbers of bacteria that correlate with significant colony counts.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

One hundred urine specimens were obtained from children in our pediatric outpatient clinic who were either being evaluated for possible urinary tract infection (UTI) or were being followed up for previous UTIs.
Use of a Glucose-Controlled Insulin Infusion System in Children and Adolescents with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes
Authors: Golden Michael P. , Myers Gayle L. , Tanner Sterling M. , Marrero David G. , Charles M. Arthur
Published: December 2021

Seven children and adolescents (aged 8 to 23 years, mean 16 years) with poorly controlled insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were evaluated with a glucose-controlled insulin infusion system (GCIIS) to determine whether its use could help define appropriate long-term insulin treatment regimens and increase patient understanding and compliance with such regimens. The GCIIS-derived insulin regimen was characterized by a mean insulin requirement of 1.0 ± 0.1 units/kg/day, with 55% of the total insulin dose given in the morning and 45% in the evening. Forty-eight percent of the total insulin was short acting. Both clinical and biochemical indices of metabolic control (HbA1c levels) improved after insulin dose readjustment based on GCIIS data. The continuous documentation of blood glucose levels provided by the GCIIS was valuable in educating patients about the interrelationship between insulin, exercise, and diet. Using GCIIS data, patients were taught to apply the new regimen flexibly to variations in activity and diet. Thus, the GCIIS can aid in the management of selected children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes millitus. Insulin patterns derived from its use suggest that a flexible, twice daily regimen characterized by nearly equal proportions of short- and intermediate-acting preparations may be beneficial for other pediatric patients.
Serologic Evidence for Chlamydia trachomatis Myocarditis
Authors: Ringel Richard E. , Brenner Joel I. , Rennels Margaret B. , Huang Shih-Wen , Wang San-pin , Grayston J. Thomas , Berman Michael A.
Published: December 2021

Serologic studies in a 9-year-old black girl with acute infectious myocarditis revealed a dramatic rise in antichlamydial antibodies. All viral titers obtained during the course of her illness remained nonreactive or demonstrated no change. Chlamydia trachomatis infection, as a cause of myocarditis, is strongly suggested by this case report.
Effects of Maternal Drinking and Marijuana Use on Fetal Growth and Development
Authors: Hingson Ralph , Alpert Joel J. , Day Nancy , Dooling Elizabeth , Kayne Herbert , Morelock Suzette , Oppenheimer Edgar , Zuckerman Barry
Published: December 2021

A study of 1,690 mother/child pairs at Boston City Hospital was conducted to assess the impact of maternal alcohol consumption on fetal development when confounding variables were controlled. Level of maternal drinking prior to pregnancy was associated with shorter duration of gestation. Lower maternal weight change, history of maternal illnesses, cigarette smoking, and marijuana use, however, were more consistently related to adverse fetal growth and development. New findings in this study include a negative association between maternal marijuana use during pregnancy and fetal growth. Also when confounding variables were controlled, women who used marijuana during pregnancy were five times more likely to deliver infants with features considered compatible with the fetal alcohol syndrome.
Analysis of Causes of Neonatal Death in the United States with Specific Emphasis on Fatal Hyaline Membrane Disease
Authors: Perelman Robert H. , Farrell Philip M.
Published: December 2021

National mortality statistics for hyaline membrane disease (HMD) and the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and other major causalities were examined in this study for the years 1968 to 1978. A progressive reduction in total neonatal deaths began in 1971 such that only 56% as many newborn deaths occurred in 1978 as in 1968 (31,618 vs 66,456). In each of the 11 years surveyed, the majority of deaths occurred during the first four days of life, with more than half of the infants dying before 48 hours of age. HMD/RDS was the leading cause of death during nine of the 11 years analyzed, accounting for an average 19.5% of neonatal fatalities. Deaths associated with HMD/RDS increased for 1968 to 1971, plateaued, and progressively decreased in the ensuing years between 1974 and 1978. Thus, the percent of all neonatal deaths attributable to HMD/RDS increased from 14.7% in 1968 to a maximum of 21.3% in 1974, before declining to 17.5% in 1978. The average contribution of other major causes of death to overall neonatal mortality were: perinatal asphyxia, 13.4%; immaturity, 13.4%; and complications of pregnancy, 11.1%. These data indicate that: (1) despite the declining incidence of fatal HMD/RDS the disorder accounted for an increasing percent of total deaths through the later part of the 11-year period; (2) prevention and/or improved management of asphyxia made the most significant (29%) contribution to reduced neonatal mortality; (3) less change occurred in fatal complications of pregnancy, implying a continuing need for improved maternal/fetal care. Comparing national mortality statistics with those of Wisconsin suggests that further reduction in HMD/RDS death rates should be possible and could have a marked influence on national neonatal mortality statistics.
Management of Esophageal and Pharyngeal Perforation in the Newborn Infant
Authors: Johnson Dana E. , Foker John , Munson David P. , Nelson André , Athinarayanan Pakshir , Thompson Theodore R.
Published: December 2021

Perforation of the esophagus or pharynx may occur during placement of endotracheal or nasogastric tubes in the newborn infant. Controversy exists, however, whether medical or surgical therapy is better in the management of these perforations. Nine patients who had esophageal or pharyngeal perforation in the neonatal period and were treated medically with antibiotics, nutritional support, and closed chest-tube drainage of pneumothoraces are described. All perforations healed without surgical repair. No mortality or morbidity occurred secondary to these perforations. This study, together with a review of the 73 patients described in the literature, indicate that perforations of the pharynx and esophagus can be satisfactorily managed medically. There is no apparent advantage to routine early surgical exploration. Only complications such as mediastinitis and mediastinal mass formation seem to require surgical treatment. Medical therapy with close observation for signs of sepsis and/or mediastinal changes will enable most newborn infants to avoid an operation and will identify those infants for whom surgery is definitely indicated.
SHOCKING VIEW
Authors:   Student
Published: December 2021

...many indices show that American medicine is [not] the best in the world.... Standards in some medical schools are low and sinking, and only a few schools are in a position to look down on foreign medical schools and their graduates. Naturally, such schools are exactly those who do not...discriminate and judge each applicant on merits. We badly need a new Flexner and one as astringent and sceptical as the last.
Is This Happening?
Authors: Friedman Robert H.
Published: December 2021

Nipples stuffed with cotton are used by pediatricians, hospital personnel, and patients to prevent air swallowing. I would like to draw the profession's attention to an article written in the 50' s by Dr Alex Gerber, "Gastrointestinal Distention in Infants" (J Pediatr 46:67, 1955). It showed quite conclusively that sucking does not cause swallowed air in infants. Quite to the contrary, ingestion of milk and perhaps crying are the cause of infantile gastric distention. I make a plea that nipples no longer be stuffed with bacteria-laden cotton and used as pacifiers.
Effects of Water Beds on the Sleep and Motility of Theophylline-Treated Preterm Infants
Authors: Korner Anneliese F. , Ruppel Ellen M. , Rho Jong M.
Published: December 2021

With evidence accumulating that the sleep of infants receiving theophylline is sharply reduced, this study tested whether water bed flotation could increase the sleep and attenuate the restlessness of preterm infants treated with theophylline for apnea. Seventeen preterm infants served as their own control, off and on gently oscillating water beds. The infants' sleep and motility were assessed on days 3 and 4 during the experimental and control conditions. While on the water bed, the infants had significantly more quiet and active sleep, shorter sleep latencies, fewer state changes, less restlessness during sleep, less waking activity, and fewer jittery and unsmooth movements. Reductions in wakefulness and state changes on the water bed were significantly greater, the longer the infants were receiving theophylline, but they were unrelated to theophylline levels which, for the group as a whole, were relatively low. Residual apnea was not reduced on the water bed. Although water bed flotation significantly improved the infants' sleep and motility, stable behavioral differences among the infants were observed across the experimental and control conditions.
Gasoline Sniffing and Lead Toxicity in Navajo Adolescents
Authors: Coulehan John L. , Hirsch William , Brillman Judy , Sanandria Joseph , Welty Thomas K. , Colaiaco Paul , Koros Aurelia , Lober Alverna
Published: December 2021

During a 6-year period, 23 Navajo adolescents were hospitalized 47 times for presumed lead intoxication secondary to gasoline sniffing. Most patients were male (87%) and sniffed gasoline as a social activity, more frequently in spring and summer. Sixty-five percent of the patients first presented with toxic encephalopathy. Of total episodes, 31% involved asymptomatic lead overload; 31% involved tremor, ataxia, and other neurologic signs; and 38% involved encephalopathy with disorientation and hallucinations. Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels were not consistently high, although blood lead levels were all elevated. One death occurred. Approximately 11% of 537 Navajo adolescents said they inhaled gasoline for enjoyment at least occasionally. Among 147 junior high school students, blood lead levels averaged 18 ± 6 µg/dL with no values >40 µg/dL. Three of these students had elevated zinc protoporphyrin levels and all three were anemic. No correlation was found between levels of blood lead or zinc protoporphyrin and whether or not the youth reported sniffing gasoline. However, sniffing gasoline was associated with poor school performance and delinquent behavior. Although apparently many Navajo adolescents experiment with gasoline inhalation, only a few engage in this activity frequently enough to develop either asymptomatic or symptomatic lead overload.
Malignant Hyperthermia in a Child with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: KELFER HOWARD M. , SINGER WILLIAM D. , REYNOLDS ROBERT N.
Published: December 2021

Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are susceptible to numerous adverse intraoperative and postoperative side effects of anesthetic agents. These include: hyperthermia and hyperkalemia,1,2 systemic acidosis,3 cardiac abnormalities (tachycardia, arrhythmia, arrest),2-5 rhabdomyolysis,2-6 as well as death.2,5 These clinical and laboratory findings are similar to those associated with malignant hyperthermia (MH).7,8 Until this time no one has confirmed the association of MH, as reflected by these clinical phenomena, in a patient with DMD. We present a patient who manifested many features of MH immediately following confirmatory muscle biopsy for DMD under general anesthesia. In vitro response to testing of a muscle biopsy specimen was consistent with a diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia.
Foster Care Children
Authors: MADDEN JOHN D.
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—

Schor's article, "The Foster Care System and Health Status of Foster Children" (Pediatrics 1982;69:521) may well prove to be a landmark paper in social pediatrics. The related editorial by Sokoloff (Pediatrics 1982;69:649) provided invaluable advice as to how we, as pediatricians, can better serve children in foster care. One point in Sokoloff's editorial particularly caught my attention. He expressed the hope that pediatricians providing health care to the natural children within the family would also be willing to attend the needs of the foster child and that the fact that in some states Medicaid is responsible financially for these children would not deter the physician from doing so.
There's Something Wrong with Michael: A Pediatrician-Mother's Perspective
Authors: Butler Adrienne B.
Published: December 2021

Pediatric education strongly emphasizes the psychosocial aspects of diseases of children. The pediatric literature, replete with articles about evaluation and treatment of children with developmental disabilities,1-6 rarely addresses adaptation of the family to the child with a major congenital malformation or mental retardation.7-10 The dearth of such articles in general pediatric journals in recent years is inconsistent with the stated emphasis on developmental pediatrics in our training programs.11

How does one teach pediatric house officers to deal with handicapped children and their families? The emotions unleashed by the day-to-day needs of a handicapped child are uncomfortable, and are, to a large extent, defended against, if not denied, by the medical caretaker. Although necessary for one's own emotional survival, and for the delivery of objective pediatric care, such defenses may, in fact, interfere with one's ability to deal optimally with such a child and his or her family.12 Being Michael's mother has changed all of that for me.

I can remember vividly the date and time we first recognized that Michael had a problem. His placid disposition, coupled with a hectic household and our delight in having an "easy" baby for a third child, had combined into at most a vague sense of unease at his delay in motor activity. The realization that all was not well came to me suddenly and with urgency one night when Michael was nearly 7 months old.

"I don't know why I keep fooling myself," I told my husband that night. "He should be rolling over.
Aspirin and Reye Syndrome—Statement Challenged
Authors: BURKE BRYAN L.
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—

The controversery regarding aspirin and Reye syndrome will surely swirl to new heights with your publication of the latest recommendations of the Committee on Infectious Diseases in your June 1982 issue.1 I understand their concern, but overall I feel their statement tends to throw the baby out with the bath water. Reye syndrome is a disease process that occurs in approximately one or two children out of 100,000 cases of influenza or varicella in an epidemic situation.
Adjunctive Techniques for Repair of Ischaemic Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Johannesen Sigrid L , Barker Colin M , Levack Melissa M
Published: December 2021

Ischaemic mitral regurgitation is a complex process with debate in the literature as to the optimal treatment pathway. Multiple therapies are available to alleviate mitral regurgitation including medical management, transcatheter edge-to-edge repair, mitral valve repair and mitral valve replacement. Medical management with goal-directed therapy should be utilised in patients with heart failure and mild-to-moderate regurgitation. Transcatheter approaches are typically used in patients with prohibitive operative risk, although their use is expanding, especially in those with functional mitral regurgitation who are not responding to goal-directed medical therapy. It is generally accepted that patients with mild-to-moderate disease can avoid valve intervention if successful revascularisation is performed. A higher consideration should be given to valve replacement over repair in patients with severe mitral regurgitation in the setting of myocardial ischaemia. Operative course must be personalised to each patient, and continues to develop with improving technologies and ongoing research into optimal treatment.
New hosts and morphological data for the Star pearlfish Carapus mourlani (Ophidiiformes: Carapidae) from collections made in the North Pacific coast of Costa Rica
Authors: Chacón-Monge José-Leonardo , Angulo Arturo , Cortés Jorge
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The family Carapidae includes about 40 species of marine fishes distributed in coastal habitats worldwide. The family includes some free-living species, however, most of them are found as commensal inquilines or parasites of marine invertebrates, including several echinoderm species. In the Eastern Tropical Pacific, the biology and host use of the representatives of the Carapidae is relatively poorly known.

Objective: The present study reports the occurrence of the Star pearlfish Carapus mourlani within three previously unknown hosts in the region: the sea stars Nidorellia armata, Phataria unifascialis, and the sea cucumber Stichopus horrens. Some ecological implications and considerations regarding such symbiotic relationships are raised and discussed. Additional morphometric and meristic data for the fish and the echinoderms are also provided and discussed.

Methods: Echinoderms were collected, from 25 localities along the North Pacific coast of Costa Rica, and were carefully examined searching for commensal/parasitic fishes. Echinoderms and fishes were identified and characterized in accordance with the specialized literature.

Results: A total of 497 echinoderms, including about 60 species, were collected and examined. Commensal/parasitic fish (a single species represented by 13 specimens) were found in three echinoderm specimens/species.

Conclusions: The list of echinoderm hosts for this carapid fish, through its whole distribution range, rises to 12 species (six sea stars and six sea cucumbers) and that could be a consequence of its wide geographic distribution, its generalist feeding habits and opportunistic commensal behavior.
Residency of bull sharks, Carcharhinus leucas (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae), at San Pedrillo Islet in Islas Murciélago, North Pacific of Costa Rica
Authors: López-Garro Andrés , Zanella Ilena
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas, is particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic actions because of its permanence in coastal ecosystems; populations depletion is registered in different places around the world. Aggregations of bull sharks have been reported in the North Pacific of Costa Rica, at Islas Murciélago, within the Guanacaste Conservation Area.

Objective: To study the residency of bull sharks at San Pedrillo islet, Islas Murciélago.

Methods: During the study period (June 2013 to February 2015) we used passive telemetry to tag 10 bull sharks.

Results: All the sharks tagged were females, they were detected on 59 798 occasions by the acoustic receiver deployed in San Pedrillo. Acoustic signals from tagged sharks were received for a total period of 1 to 229 days (mean = 73.9 ± 71.3 days), with the last detections occurring on 9 January 2015. The Residency Index for each tagged shark across the entire monitoring period ranged from 0.41 to 1.00. The bull shark activity showed a significant pattern throughout the day at the receiver that specifically corresponded with the daily light cycle.

Conclusions: This study concludes that San Pedrillo is an aggregation site (cleaning station) for bull sharks (C. leucas), possibly related to reproduction and not feeding behaviors.
The Evidence-Based Argument in Peer Disagreement
Authors: KÜTÜKCÜ Elif
Published: December 2021

The problem of disagreement is one of the most important issues that have been debated in epistemology in recent years, and in particular the peer disagreement. The main question of this problem is what kind of attitude we should rationally adopt when we realize that someone who is an epistemic peer to us does not think the same. There are four main responses to this question: conciliationism, steadfastness, total evidence view, and justificationist view. According to conciliationism, when there is a peer disagreement, the parties should give equal weight to each other's beliefs, lower their confidence in their own beliefs or suspend their judgments on the issue in question. According to the steadfastness view, when there is a peer disagreement, one can continue to maintain one's own belief, and this is rational. In the total evidence view, one's total evidence in disagreement with an epistemic peer; consists of his own belief, the belief of his peer, and the evidence on which their belief before the disagreement is based. For this reason, according to Kelly, who is the owner of this view, it may be reasonable to place more weight on one's own belief if the original evidence supports his belief more than that of the peer. According to the justificationist view, the degree of your prior justification for the proposition in disagreement determines your response to it; namely, if you have a high degree prior justification you can maintain your belief as in the steadfastness view, but if you do not have a high degree prior justification, you need to revise your belief as in the equal weight view. In this article, first I will briefly examine these four views and deal with the points where they fail to satisfy. Later, I will argue that resolution of the disagreement should be case-based. And finally, I will present the evidence-based argument in peer disagreement which is my own response to this problem and explain it with sample cases.
Manifestos and ideology: methodological issues and applications to Latin America
Authors: Tarouco Gabriela , Madeira Rafael , Vieira Soraia
Published: December 2021

Abstract: In this paper we compare the recent dataset of Latin American country party manifestos as coded by the Manifest Project database to other estimations of position on the left-right scale and to another coding of the same documents, discussing their limits and potentialities. The differences found between results offer an interesting opportunity to discuss the method, its reliability, and the validity of the coding scheme and the scales. Our findings suggest that the fragile reliability of the hand-coded content analysis could be circumvented by employing intercoder reliability tests and that users must be cautious when basing conclusions on this project’s results.
Indicador de evolução da competência leitora na educação especial: uma proposta de indicador educacional
Authors: Souza Pereira Edlaine , Mendonça Alves Luciana , De Oliveira Martins-Reis Vanessa , Correa Celeste Leticia
Published: December 2021

Introdução: a fluência de leitura é uma medida capaz de avaliar de forma objetiva o desempenho de escolares em leitura oral. Objetivo: avaliar a utilização da fluência de leitura como um indicador de competência leitora a ser utilizado na educação inclusiva. Métodos: participaram do estudo 121 escolares do 3° ao 5° ano do ensino fundamental, destes 31 escolares do público-alvo da educação especial compuseram o grupo de interesse e 90 escolares compuseram o grupo controle. Foi definido um escore Z que permitiu a realização da análise individual do desempenho dos escolares e a identificação dos possíveis déficits nas tarefas de fluência de leitura e compreensão, foi aplicado o Test t de Student para comparação dos grupos. Resultados: houve variabilidade nos desempenhos apresentados por cada subgrupo do público-alvo da educação especial. Na comparação dos dois grupos, os resultados foram superiores para o GC em todas as variáveis. Conclusão: A diversidade encontrada dentro dos subgrupos do público-alvo da educação especial mostrou que a avaliação de fluência de leitura individual é essencial tanto para pesquisas quanto para a prática pedagógica.
Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of some Fermented Traditional Turkish Beverages with Probiotic Potentials
Authors: Aladeboyeje Oluwaseun Temitope , Sanli Nazmiye Ozlem , Buyuk Umut
Published: December 2021

Turkey is a home country for a good number of fermented beverages derived from milk, cereals, fruits and vegetables, and several studies have reported the probiotic potentiality of these beverages. Probiotics, otherwise known as beneficial microorganisms possess the ability to exert antimicrobial effects, which is one of the most important selection criteria for their use in commercial products. In the current study, the antimicrobial activities of potential probiotic bacteria isolated from five fermented traditional Turkish beverages (boza, kefir, ayran, shalgam juice and hardaliye) were evaluated. The bacterial isolates were morphologically characterised and genotypically identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The antimicrobial effects of the isolates against selected human pathogens were assessed using spot-on-the-lawn and agar well diffusion assays. 18 of the 22 strains displayed varying degrees of antagonism against the tested pathogens. Amongst the isolates, the strongest antimicrobial effects were exhibited by strains from boza, kefir and shalgam which can be attributed to their greater microbiota diversity. Strain specificity in the activities of the obtained isolates and specificity with the different indicator pathogens tested was observed. The antimicrobial effects exhibited by boza, kefir and shalgam isolates offer a promising health benefit to consumers of these fermented probiotic products.
Ronald Coase: Man and Theorem
Authors: Nureev Rustem , Latov Yury
Published: December 2021

The article focuses on the ideas and achievements of Ronald Coase, an outstanding economist. The review of his life and scientific achievements, which was timed to coincide with the 30th anniversary of the Nobel Prize in economics being awarded to R. Coase, shows that they contain many paradoxes. Although Coase is known to be the most outstanding economist of the second half of the 20th century, he considered himself an «accidental» economist. Coase's scientific works are extremely few (in fact, only 2 or 3 articles belong to his «great» works). Although he is regarded the founder of neoinstitutionalism, the famous «Coase's theorem» was formulated by J. Stigler, and a systematic presentation of the neoinstitutional theory based on the transaction costs «discovered» by Coase belongs to O. Williamson. In a sense, with his life Coase managed to solve an impossible task that is to achieve maximum results at minimum cost. At the same time, Coase's attitude to institutionalism was ambiguous; both a critical attitude towards the «old» (coming from Veblen and Commons) institutionalism, and a sharp critical attitude to the «economics of the blackboard» typical for this direction can be easily found in his works. The dissemination of Coase's ideas in Russia also looks paradoxical. They were most relevant from a practical point of view in the early 1990s, but a broad creative discussion of his ideas (including the controversy about Coase's theorem) began only in the early 2000s, when the institutions of post-Soviet Russia have already «frozen» and their transformation through the correct application of Cousian ideas has become difficult.
The New Economic Policy: Dimensions of the Study
Authors: Il`inykh Vladimir , Sharapov Sergey
Published: December 2021

In September 2021 Novosibirsk hosted The All-Russian Scientific Conference «Russian Economic Reforms in Regional Terms», which was organized with financial support from the fund «Istoria Otechestva» («History of Motherland»). The conference resulted in setting the objective to study the stages of economic reforms, which took place in the territory of Russia and its regions in the late 19th and early 20th century. Another task of the conference was to observe the general and specific influence of spatial factor on the intensions, implementations and results of the reforms. Researchers from different Russian cities presented their findings on agrarian colonization and development of the regions, economic policy and reforming strategies, as well as on changes in the economic governance systems. Since the conference was dedicated to the 100-th anniversary of the NEP, it paid special attention to scientific understanding of general patterns and specific features of the NEP implementation. The review provides information on the main reports and papers, related to the NEP topic. It also presented a summary of the debates, which took place at the round table «The NEP: Results and Research Perspectives».
THE RULE OF LAW IN INDIAN ADMINISTRATIVE LAW VERSUS THE PRINCIPLE OF LEGALITY IN SOUTH AFRICAN ADMINISTRATIVE LAW: SOME OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Radley Henrico
Published: December 2021

The rule of law is expressly mentioned in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. The principle of legality has flourished in South African administrative law since its recognition and reception into our law in Fedsure Life Assurance Ltd v Greater Johannesburg Transitional Metropolitan Council 1999 (1) SA 374 (CC). The Indian Constitution does not contain an equivalent expression of the rule of law. Notably, how persons and societies in India govern themselves is premised upon beliefs akin to the rule of law. Moreover, Indian administrative law has been strongly influenced by the theory of the rule of law as advocated by Dicey. Whilst Indian administrative law relies heavily upon the rule of law to judicially review conduct that is capricious, South African administrative law has come to rely on the incident of the rule of law, namely the principle of legality. This contribution inspects some of the reasons why the rule of law is heavily relied on in Indian administrative law – where it essentially mirrors the South African administrative law principle of legality. This contribution also suggests reasons as to why the principle of legality is so prevalent in South African administrative law as opposed to merely the rule of law as employed by the Indian courts in Indian administrative law.
Former autrement les managers
Authors: FALZON Pierre , NIVET Brigitte
Published: December 2021

L’enseignement du management en général et celui des MBA en particulier est aujourd’hui questionné. Il serait totalement déconnecté de la réalité et des compétences attendues par les entreprises et aux prises avec différentes représentations et modèles de management. Dans un contexte de grande flexibilité, instabilité et incertitude, les entreprises désormais demandent un management plus empathique et un manager jouant un rôle de facilitateur voire de mentor ou de coach.
Or les formations proposées semblent à cet égard, inadaptées. Elles restent fondées sur des approches instrumentales autour des fondamentaux gestionnaires et s’appuient sur des référentiels très normatifs des activités incombant aux managers et professionnels de la GRH.
Le chapitre rend compte d’une proposition d’apprentissage à destination des futurs managers et professionnels de la gestion des ressources humaines qui se présente comme une formation par l'expérience ou "d'engagement dans l'enquête", bien au-delà de la simple inculcation d'outils ou de techniques. Elle prend appui sur les soft skills et se réfère au courant de l’éducation progressiste.
La Sociologie aux prises avec l’anthropocène
Authors: LAFFORT Bruno
Published: December 2021

Cette contribution se propose d’analyser comment la sociologie pourrait renouveler ses pratiques pour enfin prendre en sérieux la question de l’anthropocène ; l’anthropocène pourrait devenir, dès lors, un nouveau pilier de la discipline sur lequel bâtir à nouveau frais des enseignements permettant de repenser la question des engagements individuels et collectifs. Cette discussion s’articule autour de plusieurs cas d’enseignements très concrets menés par l’auteur avec ses étudiants autour de l’ « engagement écologique ».
Pour une éducation aux controverses et à la complexité
Authors: SCOTTO D’APOLLONIA Lionel
Published: December 2021

L’Anthropocène est un concept socialement vif, porteur d’enjeux scientifiques, politiques, sociaux et éthiques. Cet article développe une analyse socioépistémique des modes de publicisation du concept. Cette analyse porte sur : (1) les origines du concept sur le plan épistémologique et (2) l’analyse de la couverture médiatique de l’Anthropocène, à l’occasion de la publicisation du congrès international de géologie à Cap Town, en Afrique du Sud, fin 2016. Elle ouvre un espace de réflexion et permet d’en déduire qu’une éducation au développement durable qui mobiliserait le concept d’Anthropocène suppose une vigilance épistémologique et axiologique, l’objet « anthropocène » étant soumis à des impératifs contradictoires. Si l’Anthropocène peut accompagner un programme d’éducation au développement durable, à travers l’analyse des impacts des activités humaines sur l’écosystème terrestre, il semble nécessaire de prendre en compte les controverses expertes à son sujet, en développant alors une éducation à la nature des sciences, à l’esprit critique, aux médias et à l’information. Ces éducations, dont les finalités sont probablement le débat démocratique, la prise de décision et un engagement citoyen éclairés, supposent une culture du doute méthodique, une analyse des jeux d’acteurs et d’arguments ainsi que l’acceptation d’ignorances et d’incertitudes inhérentes à l’évaluation des risques socioenvironnementaux.
Anthorpobscénités et gymnastique pédagogique.
Authors: DELL'OMODARME INVERNIZZI Marco
Published: December 2021

Dans cette contribution nous cherchons à témoigner comment une expérience pédagogique autour de l’anthropocène s’est traduite par une gymnastique pédagogique remettant en cause la nature et les lieux de production du savoir sur la nature, la catastrophe écologique, le monde et ses trajectoires. Notre expérience montre à quel point la pédagogie de l’anthropocène ne peut faire l’économie d’une mise en travail des ontologies en présence, au risque sinon de tomber sur une anthropobscénité, c’est-à-dire une version hégémonique et épistémiquement prédatrice des autres formes de savoir sur le monde et ses situations critiques. Notre contribution suggère que cette gymnastique passe tout à la fois par une critique frontale de la prétention hégémonique des savoirs scientifiques sur l’anthropocène ; par une prise au sérieux des mouvements de résistance qui se servent stratégiquement de ce concept pour structurer des actions ou contester des rapports de pouvoir ; et par l’impérieuse nécessité de respecter les savoirs irréductibles et inassimilables à une version rationnelle-moderne de la situation climatique.
MAVRICS: A Robust and Safe Magnetic Nanoparticle based RNA Extraction Method Compatible with Phenol-chloroform Inactivated Infectious Samples v3
Authors: Li Mo , Ramos-Mandujano Gerardo
Published: December 2021

Diagnosis and surveillance of emerging pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2 depend on nucleic acid isolation from clinical and environmental samples. Under normal circumstances, samples would be processed using commercial proprietary reagents in Biosafety 2 (BSL-2) or higher facilities. A pandemic at the scale of COVID-19 has caused a global shortage of proprietary reagents and BSL-2 laboratories to safely perform testing. Therefore, alternative solutions are urgently needed to address these challenges. We developed an open-source method called Magneticnanoparticle-Aided Viral RNA Isolation of Contagious Samples (MAVRICS) that is built upon reagents that are either readily available or can be synthesized in any molecular biology laboratory with basic equipment. Unlike conventional methods, MAVRICS works directly in samples inactivated in acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform (e.g., TRIzol), thus allowing infectious samples to be handled safely without biocontainment facilities.
Franquicia social en el modelo de comercio de artesanías de migrantes wixaritari en el Estado de Aguascalientes, México, 1960-2018
Authors: Rodríguez Herrera Jorge Alberto
Published: December 2021

Analizo desde la propuesta conceptual de franquicia social el modelo de comercio de artesanía de chaquira que los indígenas migrantes wixaritari han desarrollado desde la década de 1960 en el estado de Aguascalientes, México. Se trata de un estudio de corte cualitativo apoyado en la etnografía, en el que constato que el modelo de comercio wixaritari se sostiene en la transversalización de tres principios clave del concepto de franquicia social: confianza, flexibilidad y mantenimiento de relaciones y redes de relaciones sociales entre las comunidades de origen y los lugares de destino. En el caso de los migrantes wixaritari, además de las relaciones de paisanaje, parentesco, amistad y compadrazgo que hacen viable el modelo de comercio, un recurso elemental para expandir su comercio de arte y artesanía ha sido potenciar sus atributos identitarios, lo que les ha permitido acrecentar su actividad y consolidarse como comerciantes exitosos.
Marxismo en la Antropología
Authors: Mouriño Suarez César
Published: December 2021

Abordar la relación entre el marxismo y la antropología, es una tarea compleja. Desde la génesis de las ciencias sociales, entre las cuales se encuentra la antropología, alrededor de 1848 y como expresión de la decadencia ideológica del pensamiento burgués; la propia antropología vivió un primer siglo de vida directamente enfrentada con el marxismo, hasta los años 60 del siglo XX, donde entablará una fuerte relación con el mismo, que durará hasta el momento de la caída del muro de Berlín y la Unión Soviética, desde donde se dará una reconstrucción paulatina de esa relación, hasta la actualidad. En consecuencia, el presente trabajo se estructurará en base a tres objetivos. Comenzaremos exponiendo lo que hoy en día se entiende por marxismo, para en segundo lugar, hacer un recorrido histórico de la relación entre este y la antropología. Finalmente, en tercer lugar, abordaremos el estado de dicha relación en la actualidad, junto a las vertientes marxistas de la antropología.
Conectando lugares de tránsito
Authors: Pedregosa Argüelles Fermín
Published: December 2021

Este articulo pretende reflexionar sobre los principales hitos que han marcado mi experiencia en la intervención social con población migrante en dos enclaves geoestratégicos pertenecientes a la ruta migratoria del oeste del mar Mediterráneo que atraviesa Marruecos y España. Ambas experiencias se encuentran ancladas en Nador durante el 2017 y en Bilbao durante el 2018 y 2019. La elección metodológica de esta investigación es la autoetnografía, como forma narrativa, reflexiva y crítica que me permite abordar mi propia experiencia en el campo situando mi lugar en el mismo. Una forma diferente de percibir al profesional y/o al académico dentro de sus quehaceres cotidianos en el campo que permite aproximarse al fenómeno migratorio desde otras lentes. La realidad cambiante y convulsa de los contextos migratorios exige una continua formación sobre los elementos que confluyen en ésta, para ello, el uso de metodologías innovadoras cargadas de potencial humano puede contribuir en la producción de conocimiento que mejore su comprensión.
Edificios hablan
Authors: García Ferrer Raúl
Published: December 2021

En el artículo planteo, desde el campo de la antropología arquitectónica, interpretar el entorno construido a partir de la dimensión expresiva de su diseño y de la observación etnográfica de los usos sociales del espacio público. Me centro en el modo en que el poder hegemónico de una sociedad utiliza la arquitectura como estrategia para su reproducción, afirmación y legitimación; es decir, cómo los edificios ejercen funciones axiológicas en el espacio público a través de su diseño, pero también en cómo estos pueden ser resignificados socialmente. Bajo la perspectiva de lo simbólico, utilizo el instrumental que proporciona la semiótica discursiva para analizar un caso de estudio, el Museu d’Art Contemporani de Barcelona –MACBA–, a partir del cual desarrollo una explicación para hacer comprensible las intenciones subyacentes.
Situaciones de emergencia global
Authors: Mansur María Estela , Péquignot Amandine , Franch  Bach Anna
Published: December 2021

Para la salvaguarda del patrimonio documental se han puesto en marcha importantes proyectos de digitalización de fondos documentales de numerosas instituciones públicas y privadas de todo el mundo. Ello con dos objetivos: ampliar el acceso libre de dichos fondos a una comunidad de usuarios cada día mayor, y ayudar a la preservación de los documentos originales. Sin embargo, el particular caso de pandemia global producido desde 2020, que ha obligado a una gran parte de la población mundial al confinamiento, e impedido el acceso a los repositorios materiales, nos obliga a una serie de reflexiones con respecto a la viabilidad de los proyectos de desmaterialización de la información, en función de la nueva cotidianeidad. En este trabajo presentamos el proyecto ARTEFAC (ARchivar, TiErra del Fuego según Anne Chapman), que concierne a un tipo particular de patrimonio documental, lo que denominamos los archivos de la ciencia, a partir del ejemplo de los archivos de la investigadora Anne Chapman (1922-2010), quien dedicó gran parte de su vida a la investigación sobre los pueblos originarios del extremo sur americano.
Habitat Classification of Cilo Glaciers and Their Surroundings
Authors: DEMİR İbrahim , ÜNAL Murat
Published: December 2021

This study was carried out in 2018-2019 for the purpose of habitat classification of the Cilo glaciers and their surroundings, which have significant biodiversity within the borders of the National park of Hakkari Province and have been under serious threat especially due to global climate change in recent years. As a result of the studies, 11 habitat types were determined on the area according to habitat types of The European Nature Information System (EUNIS) and observations about these habitats were given. In addition, 4 types of vegetation are determined according to the plant density with satellite images of the area. This research reveals the importance of habitat type determination studies for important nature areas
Dynamic Conditional Dependence for Turkey Earthquake Data: CD Vine Copula Approach
Authors: KARAKAŞ Ayse , DEMİR Aslıhan , ÇALİK Sinan
Published: December 2021

The objective of this research was to use Turkey's major fault zones, which are located on fault lines, to describe the dependency structure. The current study also intended to show the dynamic structure of the conditional dependencies of the earthquake data in Turkey in terms of depth and magnitude, using the CD-vine copula method. Conditional dependence, also known as the CD-vine method, makes obtaining a complex dependency structure simpler. The current research uses 30 years of data from the Eastern Anatolian Fault line and the North Anatolian Fault line to describe the dynamic conditional dependency structure. As a consequence, this dependency structure is represented graphically and numerically in tables and graphs.
Historic and recent occurrences of Kievan nettle (Urtica kioviensis Rogow.) in Hungary
Authors: Haszonits Győző , Schmidt Dávid , Bartha Dénes
Published: December 2021

This paper presents occurrence data of Urtica kioviensis Rogow. in Hungary from the 20th century till today, based on a survey of six Hungarian public herbaria and the literature. Altogether 84 herbarium sheets from 9 counties, 83 literature records mentioned from 12 counties, and 57 flora mapping data were encountered. Based on these, we updated the distribution map of the species in Hungary. We found that the typical habitats of U. kioviensis in Hungary include marginal zones of bog forests, reeds, and old small watercourses. We report two newly discovered locations of the species in the Hanság area. Near Fehértó, in a peat-forming reed bordering a lake, approximately 150 plants were found, while in the vicinity of Dör, in a former open pit sand mine, approximately 300 plants were observed. The habitat at Dör is secondary, the current vegetation must be the result of progressive succession processes that started after the abandonment of sand mining. The integrity of Hungarian habitats has been threatened in recent decades by increasingly frequent climatic anomalies (mainly water shortages due to the lack of precipitation for long periods) and anthropogenic factors (fragmentation of biotopes, organic/inorganic substances washing into groundwater), which may cause a decrease in the number of plants. As a significant part of the distribution area of the species is located in Hungary, the protection of its populations and habitats is also of key importance.