bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tracking the Dispersal of River Water, Atmospheric Deposition, and Shallow Sedimentary Trace Metal Inputs From the Congo Region Into the South Atlantic
Authors: Gu Yuanyuan , Hopwood Mark James , Carroll Dustin , Liu Te , Krisch Stephan
Published: January 2025

Recent work has revealed the presence of an offshore near‐surface plume of dissolved trace elements in the South Atlantic Ocean (SAO). Dissolved Fe (dFe) supply from the Congo plume is equivalent to ∼40% of the annual atmospheric dFe supply to the SAO. However this plume is not captured by biogeochemical models, raising questions about its exact sources. To help understand the potential source mechanisms, we use particle tracking experiments to investigate elemental distributions. Results suggest that elevated concentrations of some elements in the Congo plume are primarily sourced from river discharge and wet atmospheric deposition with minimal influence from shelf sediments. River discharge is the main source in shelf regions and some off‐shelf regions, whereas atmospheric deposition dominates the area to the southwest of the Congo River outflow. A quantitative analysis along 3S specifically for dFe suggests a decrease in the contribution of river discharge from 90% to 30% moving off‐shelf, with a corresponding increase in the contribution of atmospheric deposition. Within the shelf zone, atmospheric deposition accounts for roughly 20%–40% and could be a major source of dFe around the river mouth. Integration of data from cruise GA08 reinforces the finding that wet deposition augments the concentrations of dFe, manganese (dMn), and cobalt (dCo) at distances over 1,000 km from the river mouth. Given present‐day patterns of nitrate, Fe, and Co limitation for primary producers in the SAO, changing rainfall patterns may have long‐term implications for both regional elemental budgets and ecologically dependent processes sensitive to trace element ratios.
Water-mediated ion transport in an anion exchange membrane
Authors: Wang Zhongyang , Sun Ge , Lewis Nicholas H. C. , Mandal Mrinmay , Sharma Abhishek , Kim Mincheol , Montes de Oca Joan M. , Wang Kai , Taggart Aaron , Martinson Alex B. , Kohl Paul A. , Tokmakoff Andrei , Patel Shrayesh N. , Nealey Paul F. , de Pablo Juan J.
Published: January 2025

Water is a critical component in polyelectrolyte anion exchange membranes (AEMs). It plays a central role in ion transport in electrochemical systems. Gaining a better understanding of molecular transport and conductivity in AEMs has been challenged by the lack of a general methodology capable of capturing and connecting water dynamics, water structure, and ionic transport over time and length scales ranging from those associated with individual bond vibrations and molecular reorientations to those pertaining to macroscopic AEM performance. In this work, we use two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy and semiclassical simulations to examine how water molecules are arranged into successive solvation shells, and we explain how that structure influences the dynamics of bromide ion transport processes in polynorbornene-based materials. We find that the transition to the faster transport mechanism occurs when the reorientation of water molecules in the second solvation shell is fast, allowing a robust hydrogen bond network to form. Our findings provide molecular-level insights into AEMs with inherent transport of halide ions, and help pave the way towards a comprehensive understanding of hydroxide ion transport in AEMs.
Enantioselective reductive cross-couplings to forge C(sp2)–C(sp3) bonds by merging electrochemistry with nickel catalysis
Authors: Wang Yun-Zhao , Sun Bing , Guo Jian-Feng , Zhu Xiao-Yu , Gu Yu-Cheng , Han Ya-Ping , Ma Cong , Mei Tian-Sheng
Published: January 2025

Motivated by the inherent benefits of synergistically combining electrochemical methodologies with nickel catalysis, we present here a Ni-catalyzed enantioselective electroreductive cross-coupling of benzyl chlorides with aryl halides, yielding chiral 1,1-diaryl compounds with good to excellent enantioselectivity. This catalytic reaction can not only be applied to aryl chlorides/bromides, which are challenging to access by other means, but also to benzyl chlorides containing silicon groups. Additionally, the absence of a sacrificial anode lays a foundation for scalability. The combination of cyclic voltammetry analysis with electrode potential studies suggests that NiI species activate aryl halides via oxidative addition and alkyl chlorides via single electron transfer.
Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B using polyaniline-coated XTiO3(X = Co, Ni) nanocomposites
Authors: Abouri Mariyem , Benzaouak Abdellah , Elouardi Mohamed , El Hamdaoui Lahcen , Zaaboul Fatima , Azzaoui Khalil , Hammouti Belkheir , Sabbahi Rachid , Jodeh Shehdeh , El Belghiti Mohammed Alaoui , El Hamidi Adnane
Published: January 2025

In this study, novel polyaniline-coated perovskite nanocomposites (PANI@CoTiO3 and PANI@NiTiO3) were synthesized using an in situ oxidative polymerization method and evaluated for the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) a persistent organic pollutant. The nanocomposites displayed significantly enhanced photocatalytic efficiency compared to pure perovskites. The 1%wt PANI@NiTiO3 achieved an impressive 94% degradation of RhB under visible light after 180 min, while 1wt.% PANI@CoTiO3 reached 87% degradation under UV light in the same duration. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that the crystalline structures of CoTiO3 and NiTiO3 remained intact post-polymerization. At the same time, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) verified the successful deposition of PANI through characteristic functional group vibrations. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) revealed reduced band gaps of 2.63 eV for 1wt.% PANI@NiTiO3 and 2.46 eV for 1wt.% PANI@CoTiO3, enhancing light absorption across UV and visible ranges. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis demonstrated the uniform distribution of PANI, ensuring consistent surface activity and efficient charge transfer. The photocatalytic test confirmed a pseudo-first-order degradation mechanism. The study elucidates the degradation mechanism through intermediate identification via HPLC-MS analysis, highlighting N-de-ethylation, aromatic ring cleavage and eventual mineralization into CO2 and H2O as critical pathways. Furthermore, the 1wt.%PANI@NiTiO3 nanocomposite demonstrated excellent stability and recyclability, maintaining its degradation efficiency over four consecutive cycles with minimal change. These findings highlight the potential of PANI@XTiO3 nanocomposites for sustainable and efficient wastewater treatment, addressing diverse environmental challenges by tailoring photocatalysts to specific light sources.
α-Copaene is a potent repellent against the Asian Citrus Psyllid Diaphorina citri
Authors: Magnani Rodrigo Facchini , Volpe Haroldo Xavier Linhares , Luvizotto Rejane Angélica Grigio , Mulinari Tatiana Aparecida , Agostini Thiago Trevisoli , Bastos Jairo Kenupp , Ribeiro Victor Pena , Carmo-Sousa Michele , Wulff Nelson Arno , Peña Leandro , Leal Walter S.
Published: January 2025

The Asian Citrus Psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri, severely threatens citrus production worldwide by transmitting the greening (= Huanglongbing)—causing bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. There is growing evidence that the push-pull strategy is suitable to partially mitigate HLB by repelling ACP with transgenic plants engineered to produce repellents and attracting the vector to plants with a minimal disease transmission rate. Species that pull ACP away from commercial citrus plants have been identified, and transgenic plants that repel ACP have been developed. The concept of a repellent-producing plant was first demonstrated with an Arabidopsis line engineered to overexpress a gene controlling the synthesis of β-caryophyllene and other sesquiterpenes. We have analyzed the volatile organic compounds released by this Arabidopsis line and identified α-humulene, α-copaene, and trace amounts of β-elemene, in addition to β-caryophyllene. Behavioral measurements demonstrated that α-copaene repels ACP at doses ca. 100× lower than those needed for β-caryophyllene repellence. In contrast, α-humulene is innocuous at the level emitted by the transgenic plant. We confirmed that a mixture of the three sesquiterpenes in the ratio 1:100:10 repels ACP. Likewise, a commercial sample of copaiba oil containing the three sesquiterpenes, in a proportion similar to that in the transgenic plant, repelled ACP.
Investigating time-independent and time-dependent diffusion phenomena using steady-state diffusion MRI
Authors: Tendler Benjamin C.
Published: January 2025

Diffusion MRI is a leading method to non-invasively characterise brain tissue microstructure across multiple domains and scales. Diffusion-weighted steady-state free precession (DW-SSFP) is an established imaging sequence for post-mortem MRI, addressing the challenging imaging environment of fixed tissue with short T2 and low diffusivities. However, a current limitation of DW-SSFP is signal interpretation: it is not clear what diffusion ‘regime’ the sequence probes and therefore its potential to characterise tissue microstructure. Building on Extended Phase Graphs (EPG), I establish two alternative representations of the DW-SSFP signal in terms of (1) conventional b-values (time-independent diffusion) and (2) encoding power-spectra (time-dependent diffusion). The proposed representations provide insights into how different parameter regimes and gradient waveforms impact the diffusion sensitivity of DW-SSFP. I subsequently introduce an approach to incorporate existing biophysical models into DW-SSFP without the requirement of extensive derivations, with time dependence estimated via a Gaussian phase approximation representation of the DW-SSFP signal. Investigations incorporating free-diffusion and tissue-relevant microscopic restrictions (cylinder of varying radius) give excellent agreement to complementary analytical models and Monte Carlo simulations. Experimentally, the time-independent representation is used to derive Tensor and proof-of-principle NODDI estimates in a whole human post-mortem brain. A final SNR-efficiency investigation demonstrates the theoretical potential of DW-SSFP for ultra-high field microstructural imaging.
Novel brain SPECT imaging unravels abnormal cerebral perfusion in patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and cognitive dysfunction
Authors: Seeley Marie-Claire , O’Brien Howard , Wilson Gemma , Coat Clair , Smith Tess , Hickson Kevin , Casse Reynold , Page Amanda J. , Gallagher Celine , Lau Dennis H.
Published: January 2025

Cognitive dysfunction is frequently reported in individuals with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), possibly resulting from reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF). We used brain SPECT, an accessible imaging modality that has not been systematically evaluated in this patient group. Retrospective review of participants from our registry was undertaken to identify those who had a brain SPECT performed for investigation of cognitive dysfunction. Abnormal CBF was taken as z-score > 2 standard deviations of healthy control reference values. Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) such as autonomic, gastric and quality of life symptom scores were analyzed. From a total of 56 participants (mean 34.8 ± 10.7 years, 88% females), PROMs indicate: moderate to severe autonomic dysfunction in 75%; at least mild to moderate gastroparesis in 23%; low global health rating and utility scores. Abnormal CBF was seen in 61% but did not differ by POTS triggers. The regions with the lowest mean z-scores were the lateral prefrontal and sensorimotor cortices. Hierarchal regression analyses found number of brain regions with abnormal CBF, autonomic and gastric symptoms to account for 51% of variances in health utility. Cerebral hypoperfusion is prevalent in those with POTS and cognitive dysfunction even whilst supine, contributing to reduced quality of life.
In-pixel foreground and contrast enhancement circuits with customizable mapping
Authors: Udoy Md Rahatul Islam , Islam Md Mazharul , Johnson Elijah , Aziz Ahmedullah
Published: January 2025

This paper presents an in-pixel contrast enhancement circuit that performs image processing directly within the pixel circuit. The circuit leverages HyperFET, a hybrid device combining a MOSFET and a phase transition material (PTM), to enhance performance. It can be tuned for different modes of operation. In foreground enhancement mode, it suppresses low-intensity background pixels to nearly zero, isolating the foreground for better object visibility. In contrast enhancement mode, it improves overall image contrast. The contrast enhancement function is customizable both during the design phase and in real-time, allowing the circuit to adapt to specific applications and varying lighting conditions. A model of the designed pixel circuit is developed and applied to a full pixel array, demonstrating significant improvements in image quality. Simulations performed in HSPICE show a nearly 6x increase in Michelson Contrast Ratio (CR) in the foreground enhancement mode. Furthermore, process variation and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) analysis has been conducted to evaluate the robustness of the design under manufacturing variations. The simulation results indicate its potential for real-time, adaptive contrast enhancement across various imaging environments.
Micropeptide hSPAR regulates glutamine levels and suppresses mammary tumor growth via a TRIM21-P27KIP1-mTOR axis
Authors: Huang Yan , Lu Hua , Liu Yao , Wang Jiabei , Xia Qingan , Shi Xiangmin , Jin Yan , Liang Xiaolin , Wang Wei , Ma Xiaopeng , Wang Yangyi , Gong Meng , Li Canjun , Cang Chunlei , Cui Qinghua , Chen Ceshi , Shen Tao , Liu Lianxin , Wang Xiangting
Published: January 2025

mTOR plays a pivotal role in cancer growth control upon amino acid response. Recently, CDK inhibitor P27KIP1 has been reported as a noncanonical inhibitor of mTOR signaling in MEFs, via unclear mechanisms. Here, we find that P27KIP1 degradation via E3 ligase TRIM21 is inhibited by human micropeptide hSPAR through its C-terminus (hSPAR-C), causing P27KIP1’s cytoplasmic accumulation in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, hSPAR/hSPAR-C also serves as an inhibitor of glutamine transporter SLC38A2 expression and thereby decreases the cellular glutamine levels specifically in cancer cells. The resultant glutamine deprivation sequentially triggers translocation of cytoplasmic P27KIP1 to lysosomes, where P27KIP1 disrupts the Ragulator complex and suppresses mTORC1 assembly. Administration of hSPAR or hSPAR-C significantly impedes breast cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth in xenograft models. These findings define hSPAR as an intrinsic control factor for cellular glutamine levels and as a novel tumor suppressor inhibiting mTORC1 assembly.
Structural basis for human NKCC1 inhibition by loop diuretic drugs
Authors: Zhao Yongxiang , Vidossich Pietro , Forbush Biff , Ma Junfeng , Rinehart Jesse , De Vivo Marco , Cao Erhu
Published: January 2025

Na+–K+–Cl− cotransporters functions as an anion importers, regulating trans-epithelial chloride secretion, cell volume, and renal salt reabsorption. Loop diuretics, including furosemide, bumetanide, and torsemide, antagonize both NKCC1 and NKCC2, and are first-line medicines for the treatment of edema and hypertension. NKCC1 activation by the molecular crowding sensing WNK kinases is critical if cells are to combat shrinkage during hypertonic stress; however, how phosphorylation accelerates NKCC1 ion transport remains unclear. Here, we present co-structures of phospho-activated NKCC1 bound with furosemide, bumetanide, or torsemide showing that furosemide and bumetanide utilize a carboxyl group to coordinate and co-occlude a K+, whereas torsemide encroaches and expels the K+ from the site. We also found that an amino-terminal segment of NKCC1, once phosphorylated, interacts with the carboxyl-terminal domain, and together, they engage with intracellular ion exit and appear to be poised to facilitate rapid ion translocation. Together, these findings enhance our understanding of NKCC-mediated epithelial ion transport and the molecular mechanisms of its inhibition by loop diuretics.
Mutant p53 regulates a distinct gene set by a mode of genome occupancy that is shared with wild type
Authors: Rahmé Ramy , Resnick-Silverman Lois , Anguiano Vincent , Campbell Moray J , Fenaux Pierre , Manfredi James J
Published: January 2025

To directly examine the interplay between mutant p53 or Mdm2 and wild type p53 in gene occupancy and expression, an integrated RNA-seq and ChIP-seq analysis was performed in vivo using isogenically matched mouse strains. Response to radiation was used as an endpoint to place findings in a biologically relevant context. Unexpectedly, mutant p53 and Mdm2 only inhibit a subset of wild type p53-mediated gene expression. In contrast to a dominant-negative or inhibitory role, the presence of either mutant p53 or Mdm2 actually enhances the occupancy of wild type p53 on many canonical targets. The C-terminal 19 amino acids of wild type p53 suppress the p53 response allowing for survival at sublethal doses of radiation. Further, the p53 mutant 172H is shown to occupy genes and regulate their expression via non-canonical means that are shared with wild type p53. This results in the heterozygous 172H/+ genotype having an expanded transcriptome compared to wild type p53 + /+.
Effect of Cu/Au for propylene epoxidation over the Ag2O(111) surface: a DFT study
Authors: Xie Zean , Wang Xin , Zhao Simeng , Zhang Ke , Song Yangyang , Wang Guichang , Zhao Zhen
Published: January 2025

On the Cu–Ag2O(111) surface, the Osuf site exhibited the lowest basicity, favoring the OMMP route, and PO selectivity can be enhanced slightly. Conversely, on the Au–Ag2O(111) surface, the Osuf site had stronger basicity, favoring the AHS route.
Impact of solvation on the electronic resonances in uracil
Authors: Tripathi Divya , Pyla Maneesh , Dutta Achintya Kumar , Matsika Spiridoula
Published: January 2025

Two types of electronic resonances are formed in uracil, by attaching an electron to the ground or excited states. Bulk and microsolvation effects on these resonances are examined.
Optimizing oil detachment from silica surfaces using gemini surfactants and functionalized silica nanoparticles: a combined molecular dynamics and machine learning approach
Authors: Chakraborty Gourav , Ojha Keka , Mandal Ajay , Patra Niladri
Published: January 2025

Oil extraction from silica surfaces using a combination of gemini surfactants (GS) and silica nanoparticles (SNP), studied through MD simulations, followed by the development of ML models to predict GS–SNP combinations for different silica beds.
Low-coordinate potassium alkoxide – an efficient trap for arenes: the role of ηn non-covalent bonding in substrate activation for C–H bond metalation
Authors: Selikhov Alexander N. , Nelyubina Yulia V. , Aysin Rinat R. , Trifonov Alexander A.
Published: January 2025

Low-coordination super-bulky potassium alkoxides based on the tris-arylmethanolate skeleton are a model for super-basic metallation of aromatic substrates.
Homochiral Dy2 zero-field single-molecule magnets derived from axial chiral ligands (R)/(S)-octahydro-1,1′-bi-2-naphthyl phosphate
Authors: Liu Cai-Ming , Hao Xiang , Zhang Yi-Quan
Published: January 2025

Axial chiral bridging ligands (R)/(S)-5,5′,6,6′,7,7′,8,8′-octahydro-1,1′-bi-2-naphthyl phosphate are used to construct homochiral Dy2 Schiff base complexes, showing zero-field SMM properties.
Guiding vertical growth and improving the buried interface of Pb–Sn perovskite films with 2D perovskite seeds for efficient narrow-bandgap perovskite solar cells and tandems
Authors: Yang Jianxiong , Wang Zelin , Zhao Xiaojia , Gao Weiyin , Xing Gang , Wang Xiaobo , Wang Liangxu , Li Changbo , Wang Yuyi , Ren Yumin , Liu Wenjun , Yang Fan , Sun Jiaxiang , Dong He , Chao Lingfeng , Zhou Yipeng , Chen Yonghua , Wu Zhongbin , Ran Chenxin , Huang Wei
Published: January 2025

A 2D F-PEA2PbI3SCN perovskite seed layer has been developed to enable efficient Pb–Sn perovskite solar cells and their tandem devices.
Silicone wristbands for assessing personal chemical exposures: impacts of movement on chemical uptake rates
Authors: Miller Joshua D. , Herkert Nicholas J. , Stapleton Heather M. , Hsu-Kim Heileen
Published: January 2025

Silicone wristbands are utilized for evaluating personal exposures to organic chemicals. This study shows that the movement of individuals can enhance rates of chemical uptake on these wristbands.
Automated Descriptors for High-Throughput Screening of Peptide Self-Assembly
Authors: Baskaran Raj Kumar Rajaram , van Teijlingen Alexander , Tuttle Tell
Published: January 2025

We present five automated descriptors: Aggregate Detection Index (ADI); Sheet Formation Index (SFI); Vesicle Formation Index (VFI); Tube Formation Index (TFI); and Fiber Formation Index (FFI), that have been designed...
Chemical etching of silicon assisted by graphene oxide under negative electric bias
Authors: Goto Yuta , Utsunomiya Toru , Ichii Takashi , Sugimura Hiroyuki
Published: January 2025

Applying a negative bias to the silicon improves the anisotropy of the wet chemical etching assisted by graphene oxide.
Decreasing the aggregation of photosensitizers to facilitate energy transfer for improved photodynamic therapy
Authors: Wang Zhenhua , Ao Jianyang , Lai Xiaoran , Liu Gang , Meng Yun , Zhang Yurong , Shi Jieyun , Wu Yelin , Wang Chaochao
Published: January 2025

HA-TPP NHs constructed by chemical crosslinking fixing photosensitizers for reducing the aggregation of the photosensitizers produce more singlet oxygen and have a better killing effect on tumor cells, compared to assembling HA-TPP NPs.
Chemodivergent synthesis of cis-4-hydroxyprolines from diastereomerically enriched epoxides
Authors: DaSilva Clement , Mauk Grace , Forshee Lucas , Pope Oliver , Doherty Mathilde , Ongbongan Max , Lutz Nicholas , Kamanya Zemirah , Bhatt Kara Chris , Braham Andrew , Kubek Miranda , Hawthorne Summer , Campillo-Alvarado Gonzalo , Bhattacharjee Avik , Bowring Miriam A. , O'Brien Robert V.
Published: January 2025

A chemodivergent, stereoselective method for synthesis of cis-4-hydroxyprolines from diastereomerically enriched epoxides is reported.
An expedient ruthenium(ii) catalyzed multicomponent access to phthalazinones bearing trisubstituted alkenes
Authors: Sekar Manikandan , Sreedharan Ramdas , Premkumar Egambaram , Purushothaman Rajeshwaran , Gandhi Thirumanavelan
Published: January 2025

An atom-economical, tandem one-pot multicomponent approach to phthalazinones bearing trisubstituted alkenes using readily available starting materials has been demonstrated.
Fluorescent nucleobase analogue for cellular visualisation and regulation of immunostimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotides
Authors: Andini Tatum Melati , Tada Satoshi , Kumagai Tomotaka , Takahashi Yuki , Higuchi Yuriko , Kawamoto Yusuke , Park Soyoung
Published: January 2025

A fluorescent thymine analogue, ThexT, enables visualisation of immunostimulatory CpG oligonucleotides in macrophages. Its incorporation site affects TLR9 activation, offering insights into immune response modulation and intracellular DNA tracking.
Cyclopropanation vs. single-carbon insertion of pyrrole-2,3-diones with sulfonium ylides: synthesis of functionalized 2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes and pyridine-2,3-diones
Authors: Muranova Maria M. , Galeev Andrey R. , Maslivets Andrey N. , Dmitriev Maksim V.
Published: January 2025

The method for the diastereoselective synthesis of pyrrole-annulated donor–acceptor cyclopropanes from pyrrole-2,3-diones and sulfonium ylides has been developed. Ring opening of these cyclopropanes leads to functionalized pyridine-2,3-diones.
Effects of oxygen vacancies on hydrogenation efficiency by spillover in catalysts
Authors: Xie Lijuan , Liang Jinshan , Jiang Lizhi , Huang Wei
Published: January 2025

The hydrogenation efficiency by spillover in catalysts affected by oxygen vacancy through hydrogen dissociation, hydrogen spillover, and hydrogenation processes is presented. This review summarize insights for developing high efficiency catalysts.
Multifaceted role of H2O2 in the solvothermal synthesis of green-emitting nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots
Authors: Carrera Clara , Galán-González Alejandro , Maser Wolfgang K. , Benito Ana M.
Published: January 2025

Solvothermal synthesis of N-GQD using H2O2 in a DMF-driven process, ensuring green emission, suppressing blue by-products, and enabling precise control of long-wavelength fluorescence for advanced applications.
On the nature of the triplet electronic states of naphthalene dimers
Authors: Martinez-Fernandez L. , Wu Peicong , Bao Lin-Tao , Wang Xueli , Zhang Rui-Hua , Wang Wei , Yang Hai-Bo , Chen Jinquan , Improta R.
Published: January 2025

Time-resolved spectra and calculations shed light on the nature of the long-living triplet states formed in high yield by exciting covalent stacked naphthalene dimers and on the effects modulating the equilibrium between localized and excimer states.
Orthologous mammalian A3A-mediated single-nucleotide resolution sequencing of DNA epigenetic modification 5-hydroxymethylcytosine
Authors: Guo Xia , Wu Jianyuan , Ji Tong-Tong , Wang Min , Zhang Shan , Xiong Jun , Gang Fang-Yin , Liu Wei , Gu Yao-Hua , Liu Yu , Xie Neng-Bin , Yuan Bi-Feng
Published: January 2025

The OMA-seq method allows for accurate and quantitative detection of 5hmC at single-nucleotide resolution by leveraging natural deaminases. The use of orthologous enzymes for 5hmC detection enhances the toolkit available for epigenetic study.
Non-volatile capacitive memory based on spiropyran-derived copolymers for multi-level and ultralow-power data storage and protection
Authors: Yang Rumeng , Zhang Chuang , Zhang Xiaocheng , Liu Jie , Chang Chia-Chih , Wu Xiaosong , Ji Ruiduan , Zhu Huifen , Wang Donghui , Feng Shiyu , Huang Weiguo
Published: January 2025

A capacitive memory with a pPFPAx-co-SPy dielectric layer achieves an eight-level storage capability, ultra-low power consumption of 1.91 × 10−10 W, and multilevel data encryption, showcasing vast potentials in smart electronics.
Boron–nitrogen framework substituted anthracenes as “hot exciton” fluorophores for efficient sky-blue narrowband emissive OLEDs with full-width at half-maximum below 30 nm
Authors: Lin Jieying , Wang Ruicheng , Hu Dehua , Lu Ziquan , Zhang Yueyan , Ye Zecong , Huo Yanping , Ji Shaomin
Published: January 2025

Narrowband emissive fluorophores are designed and synthesized by combining multiple-resonance chromophore and anthracene units, which also exhibit capability to rapidly convert triplet excitons into singlet excitons via high-lying reverse intersystem crossing.
Surface micro-etching of Bi2Te3 thermoelectric legs enables a high-efficiency power generator
Authors: Wu Chun , Kong Li , Tan Xiaojian , Zhang Qiang , Fu Yuntian , Hu Haoyang , Sun Peng , Wu Jiehua , Liu Guoqiang , Jiang Jun
Published: January 2025

A micro-etching method is used to enhance tensile strength and reduce the contact resistance between Bi2Te3-based thermoelectric leg and copper electrode, leading to effective and reliable output performance in thermoelectric power generators.
Viscoelastic behavior of wormlike micellar solutions formed by an aspartame-based bicephalous anionic surfactant
Authors: Qiu Bin , Chen Zhao , Pei Xiaomei , Cui Zhenggang , Song Binglei
Published: January 2025

Strong viscoelastic solutions were formed by an aspartame-based bicephalous anionic surfactant together with CTAB. The system also showed strong salt tolerance due to the strong electrostatic attractions between the oppositely charged species.
The robustness of inferred envelope and core rotation rates of red giant stars from asteroseismology
Authors: Ahlborn F. , Bellinger E. P. , Hekker S. , Basu S. , Mokrytska D.
Published: January 2025

Context. Rotation is an important phenomenon influencing stellar structure and evolution, however, it has not been adequately modelled thus far. Therefore, accurate estimates of internal rotation rates are valuable for constraining stellar evolution models.

Aims. We aim to assess the accuracy of asteroseismic estimates of internal rotation rates and how they depend on the fundamental stellar parameters.

Methods. We applied the recently developed extended-multiplicative optimally localised averages (eMOLA) inversion method, to infer localised estimates of internal rotation rates of synthetic observations of red giants. We searched for suitable reference stellar models, following a grid-based approach, and we assessed the robustness of the resulting inferences with respect to the choice of reference model.

Results. We find that matching the mixed-mode pattern between the observation and the reference model is an important criterion for selecting suitable reference models. We propose (i) selecting a set of reference models based on the correlation between the observed rotational splittings and the mode-trapping parameter; (ii) computing the rotation rates for all these models; and (iii) using the average value obtained across the whole set as the estimate of the internal rotation rates. We find that the effect of a near surface perturbation in the synthetic observations on the rotation rates estimated based on the correlation between the observed rotational splittings and the mode-trapping parameter is negligible.

Conclusions. We conclude that when using an ensemble of reference models that are selected by matching the mixed-mode pattern, the input rotation rates can be recovered across a range of fundamental stellar parameters such as mass, mixing-length parameter, and composition. Further, red giant rotation rates determined in this way are also independent of any near-surface perturbation of the stellar structure.
Using the STIX background detector as a proxy for GOES
Authors: Stiefel Muriel Zoë , Kuhar Matej , Limousin Olivier , Dickson Ewan C. M. , Volpara Anna , Hurford Gordon J. , Krucker Säm
Published: January 2025

Context. The Spectrometer/Telescope for Imaging X-Rays (STIX) on board Solar Orbiter was designed to observe solar flares in the X-ray range of 4−150 keV, providing spectral, temporal, and spatial information. Besides 30 imaging detectors, STIX has two additional detectors: the coarse flare locator (CFL) and the background (BKG) detector, which are used in the present study. Flares observed from Earth are classified using their peak X-ray flux observed by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) instruments. Given to the Solar Orbiter mission design, roughly half of all flares observed by STIX are located on the backside of the Sun. These flares lack a GOES-class classification.

Aims. In this paper, we describe the calibration of the BKG detector aperture sizes. Using the calibrated measurements of the BKG detector, we explore the relationship between the peak flux for flares jointly observed by STIX and GOES. This allows us to estimate the GOES flare classes of backside flares using STIX measurements.

Methods. We looked at the 500 largest flares observed by both STIX and GOES in the time range February 2021 to April 2023. The aperture size calibration was done by comparing 4−10 keV counts of the BKG detector with the CFL measurements. In a second step, we correlated the calibrated STIX BKG peak flux with the GOES peak flux for individual flares.

Results. We calibrated the BKG detector aperture sizes of STIX, which are now ready to be implemented into the ground-software (GSW) of STIX. Furthermore, we showed that for the larger flares (C class and above) a close power law fit exists between the STIX BKG and GOES peak flux, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.97. This correlation provides a GOES proxy with a one sigma uncertainty of ≈11%. We were able to show that the BKG detector can reliably measure a broad range of GOES flare classes from roughly B5 up to at least X85 (assuming a radial distance of 1 AU). This makes it an interesting detector-concept for future space weather missions. Thus far, the largest flare observed by STIX to date is an estimated X16.5 ± 1.8 backside flare of May 20, 2024.
Association between prudent diet, sweet food consumption, and the risk of stress, anxiety, and depression among Indonesian students
Authors: Rohmah Mayasari Noor , Maya Shofia Naila , Anisfatus Sholihah Lini , Ruhana Amalia , Yanuar Dini Cleonara
Published: January 2025

Mental health disorders are prevalent among students. A cross- sectional survey was conducted to investigate the relationship between prudent-diet and sweet food with the risk of stress, anxiety, and depression among Indonesian students. The study involved 190 Indonesian students, aged above 19 years, who completed online questionnaires, including DASS, HFIAS, and FFQ. Students were recruited through various social media platforms. Principal component analysis was used to determine prudent-diet and sweet food among the respondents. Logistic regression was used to predict the association between prudent diet and sweet food on stress, anxiety, and depression among students. Prudent-diet is identified by fruits and vegetables, animal/plant-based protein, whole grains, sweet food, and low consumption of processed meats/fish. Incorporating sweets into a prudent-diet was associated with 22% reduced stress and 8% reduced anxiety among Indonesian students.
Daygurt: A functional drink combining dadih and yoghurt from cow’s milk using response surface methodology
Authors: Gusnedi  , Ahmad Habibi Nur , Sartika Wiwi , Darwel  , Tristi Utami Citra
Published: January 2025

Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the formulation of Daygurt, a functional drink combining dadih and yogurt made from cow's milk. The independent variables included the percentages of dadih, yogurt, and skimmed milk, while the optimized responses encompassed sensory profile, viscosity, pH, and protein content. Statistical analysis revealed significant effects of the variables on aroma and texture. The optimal formulation was determined to consist of 1% dadih, 4.89% yogurt, and 9.1% skimmed milk. The experimental values closely aligned with the predicted values, showing a 95% Confidence Interval (CI), confirming the model's accuracy. Quality and safety assessment confirmed that Daygurt complied with the standards established by the Indonesian Food and Drug Authority.
Glycemic index and fiber content of wholemeal bread enriched with Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc)
Authors: Nufaisah Afifah , Rimbawan Rimbawan , Nasution Zuraidah
Published: January 2025

Foods rich in dietary fiber may have a lower glycemic index (GI). The use of whole wheat and Bambara groundnuts in wholemeal bread production enhances its fiber content, offering significant dietary benefits. Wheat has a dietary fibre content of 11.6-17 g/100 g, and based on the Indonesian food composition table, dried Bambara groundnuts have a fiber content of 26.3 g/100. This experimental study compares the glycemic index of wholemeal bread made from 100% whole wheat flour (WW) with wholemeal bread made from 80% whole wheat flour and 20% Bambara groundnut flour (WB). The result showed that both breads had high total dietary fiber (TDF) content (WW: 6.1 g/100g and WB: 6.9 g/100 g), as well as medium glycemic index values (WW: 55.1 and WB: 61.1). This study suggests that Bambara groundnut has the potential as ingredients for producing high-fiber food products.
Nutritional composition and organoleptic quality of instant local black rice (cempo ireng) with moderate glycemic index
Authors: Dian Nurhayati Aprinia , Nirbaya Arindra , Permata Nusa Cassandra , Soekopitojo Soenar , Lukas Kurniawan Adi , Dwi Handoko Dody , Hapsari Anindya , Faza Sepbrina Aurelia , Oktavia Wahyuningsih Prastiwi Dwi , Ayu Puspitasari Diah , Athaya Nazhira , Yusuf Al Badwani Muhammad , Aulia Araminta Diza
Published: January 2025

This research aims to develop instant rice from local black rice variety, Cempo Ireng, that is safe for diabetes mellitus. Instant black rice was made through the process of soaking in sodium citrate, washing, cooking using a rice cooker, freezing in the freezer for 24 hours, thawing at room temperature, and drying using a dehydrator. There were 3 formula of instant black rice including (1) soaking in 5% sodium citrate at room temperature, (2) soaking in 5% sodium citrate at 500C, (3) soaking in 7% sodium citrate at 500C. All formulated instant black rice was then tested for its nutritional content (including anthocyanin, dietary fiber, amylose, amylopectin, starch, water content, ash, protein, fat, and carbohydrates). The black rice formula is also tested for hedonic quality by 35 semi-trained panelists. The formula 7% sodium citrate at 50°C has the highest score in color. The formula 7% sodium citrate at 50°C and 5% sodium citrate at room temperature have the same score for the rice aroma. The third formula was the best formula based on the panelists' choices and anthocyanin content. It was then tested for its glycemic index. The results showed that instant black rice has a moderate glycemic index of 60.
Herbal and filariasis in Indonesia: A citation network analysis
Authors: Elda Monica Arista , Stefani Widodo , Putri Damayanti Irma , Pratiwi Wardani Dita , Abidah Safithri , Muhammad Almanfaluthi
Published: January 2025

This study examines the role of herbal medicine, deeply rooted in Indonesia’s rich culture, as a potential solution for filariasis. The primary goal is to analyze the extent of herbal research related to filariasis through a citation network analysis of studies published in Scopus databases from 1980 to 2023. The study uses RStudio and the Bibliometrix package to assess publication trends, key contributing institutions, influential authors, and keyword patterns. One hundred eighteen documents have been published in 90 sources, with an annual growth rate of 5.95%, indicating a growing interest in herbal filariasis research. The average number of coauthors per document is 4.64, and 34.75% of the publications involve international collaboration, underscoring significant global involvement. Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Universitas Indonesia, and Universitas Gadjah Mada are leading the research efforts in this field, contributing notably to the body of knowledge. Prominent authors like Maizels RM, Djati MS, and Yazdanbach SH play a key role in shaping the academic discourse. The analysis of keyword co-occurrence reveals that “brugia malayi,” “controlled study,” and “ extract” are central themes, reflecting a strong focus on preclinical research and the extraction procedures of plant-based treatments.
Harnessing traditional wisdom: Factors influencing jamu adoption as an infectious disease supplement among young generation
Authors: Muhammad Almanfaluthi
Published: January 2025

Traditional remedies like jamu are increasingly recognized as a potential supplementary method for boosting infectious disease recovery. This study investigates the key factors influencing young people’s intention to use jamu. A survey of 720 respondents was conducted using Likert-scale questions to assess various dimensions of jamu adoption. The relationships between latent variables were analyzed using partial least squares path modelling. The results revealed that attitude (β = 0.12), perceived benefits (β = 0.12), health consciousness (β = 0.09), and convenience and accessibility (β = 0.16) all had significant positive impacts on the intention to use jamu, with p-values below 0.001. These findings suggest that young people are more likely to use jamu when they view it as beneficial for their health, convenient, and in line with modern wellness trends. In contrast, perceived behavioural control, knowledge, and awareness had weaker or insignificant direct effects, implying that convenience, social norms, and cultural identity may play a more substantial role in shaping intentions. The reliability and validity of the constructs were robust, ranging from 71% to 85%, with explained variance variables accounting for 76% (r² = 0.76).
Acute toxicity test and lethal dose (LD50) from a combination of sambiloto extracts (Andrographis paniculate) and catfish oil (Pangasius micronema Blkr.) in mice
Authors: Rinanda Al Rissa Rizki Hera , Meitasari Annisa Diyan , Sasongko Heru
Published: January 2025

Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) contains andrographolide compounds, which have anti-inflammatory properties. On the other hand, catfish oil (Pangasius micronema Blkr.) contains DHA and EPA compounds known to be unsaturated fatty acids and have antiinflammatory properties. Sambiloto extracts and catfish oil will be combined to determine the pharmacological effects caused by an acute toxicity test to determine the toxicity and LD50 value of the combination of extracts. This research is conducted experimentally, utilizing mice as test animals. The extract was administered for 14 days, and symptoms of toxicity were observed, including the number of animals that died, body weight, and the weight of the liver, kidneys, and heart. The data was then tested using the Thompson-Weil method and statistical tests using the oneway ANOVA test and continued with the Tukey post hoc test. The toxicity test results indicated toxicity symptoms at the highest dose, but the combination of extracts’ LD50 value was pseudo-LD50, implying that test animals could theoretically still receive the highest dose value. The statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in the body and organ weight of the mice, indicating that this research could still use the combination of the two extracts up to the highest dose.
Anatomical Variations of the Nasal Conchae and Nasal Septum and their Relationships with Alterations in the Maxillary Sinus Mucosa: A Study on Cone-beam Computed Tomography Images
Authors: Almeida Luara da Silveira Roberto , Ruffo Aline da Silva , Devito Karina Lopes
Published: January 2025

Introduction In the literature, there is divergence about the relationship between anatomical variations of the turbinates and nasal septum (NS) and alterations in the maxillary sinus (MS) mucosa.

Objective To determine, through cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of Brazilian individuals, the prevalence and relationship of anatomical variations of the turbinates and NS with alterations in the mucosa of the MS, as well as to analyze the relationships of these variables with demographic data.

Methods The present cross-sectional study involved the analysis of 120 CBCT scans using the i-CAT Vision software, conducted by 2 calibrated examiners. The MS, lower and medium turbinates, and NS were evaluated. Data on gender, age, and the side affected by anatomical variation were also collected. The intra- and interexaminer agreements were assessed using Kappa indices. The association was analyzed using the Chi-squared or Fisher exact tests, and measured by the Phi, Cramer V, or Kendall Tau-C values.

Results Most patients presented partial opacification of the MS (89.2%), inferior turbinate hypertrophy (TH) (60.8%), and NS deviation (85%). There were no cases of inferior concha bullosa (CB), while the prevalence of middle CB was of 20%. Variation in the turbinates, CB, and NS were not significantly related to changes in the MS mucosa.

Conclusion We can conclude that, in the evaluated sample, there was no significant associations involving the studied variables.
Effect of Different Tapered Gutta-Percha Points on Push-Out Bond Strength of Two Root Canal Sealers
Authors: Suksaphar Warattama , Tungsawat Pakit , Wongwatanasanti Ninnita , Lertnantapanya Siripat , Yodmanothum Prattana
Published: January 2025

Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the push-out bond strength of root canal filling with different tapered gutta-percha points of two root canal sealers.

Materials and Methods One hundred and twenty mandibular premolar teeth were prepared with a Reciproc blue file to size R50 and divided into four groups (n = 30 per group), with group 1 receiving iRoot SP with 02-tapered gutta-percha point (iRoot02), group 2 receiving iRoot SP with match-tapered gutta-percha point (iRoot50), group 3 receiving canal sealer bioactive glass (CS-BG) with 02-tapered gutta-percha point (BG02), and group 4 receiving CS-BG with match-tapered gutta-percha point (BG50). All samples were stored at 37°C and 100% humidity for 1 week. The specimens were resected at 3.5 and 5 mm from the apex, and push-out bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine.

Results iRoot02 had the highest push-out bond strength and differed significantly from iRootR50. BGR50 produced the lowest push-out values and showed no difference from BG02.

Conclusions The amount of iRoot SP in the root canal filling influences the material's resistance to pushing out. It will be more resistant if the ratio of iRoot SP to gutta-percha is high. When gutta-percha points with different tapers were used, the amount of CS-BG had no effect on the push-out force.
Extra-institutional science: DIY biologists’ democratization of scientific practices and spaces
Authors: Eireiner Anna Verena
Published: January 2025

DIY biology, or Do-It-Yourself biology, refers to a movement where individuals and communities establish laboratories outside traditional academic and industrial settings—such as in garages, kitchens, or community spaces. DIY biologists experiment with gene-editing technologies like CRISPR, cultivate glow-in-the-dark plants, and engineering colorful fungi. This practice challenges established norms in research, advocating for decentralized and community-driven approaches to scientific inquiry and innovation. DIY biologists are often trained scientists who choose to conduct their research in community or home laboratories. The DIY biology movement highlights that science’s boundaries are flexible and sometimes ambiguous (Gieryn in Am Sociol Rev 48:781–795, 1983). By operating outside traditional research institutions, DIY biologists challenge established authority, hierarchies, funding structures, and proprietary regimes. They create a distinct identity beyond the increasingly neoliberalized institutional spheres of modern knowledge production, showcasing alternative ways to pursue science. I theorize DIY biology as ‘extra-institutional science’ due to its emergence outside conventional laboratories of industry and academia. This research draws on empirical data from interviews with DIY biologists and the 2021 DIY Biology Community Survey.
Organizing European security through informal groups: insights from the European Union’s response to the Russian war in Ukraine
Authors: Amadio Viceré Maria Giulia , Sus Monika
Published: January 2025

In addition to joint activities undertaken via the EU institutional framework in response to the Russian war in Ukraine, EU countries also shaped the broader European security architecture through informal groups. These groups, which lack formal institutional structures, allow EU member states to coordinate activities to pursue common objectives. Despite the rapidly growing literature on informal groups, their occurrence and relevance in the wake of the outbreak of war in Ukraine remain understudied. This study examines informal groups' compositions, motivations, and reflects on their relevance for the European security architecture. It suggests that by resorting to informal groups, EU member states have organized the European security order functionally and geographically into several formats. By doing so, they have fostered compartmentalized multilateralism, contributing to functional relations between various layers of European security order.
X-ray tomography offers detailed look at early stage of espresso brewing
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: January 2025

High-speed rotating X-ray system leads to clearer understanding of water infiltration of the coffee grounds.