bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward a Resource‐Efficient Built Environment: A Literature Review and Conceptual Model
Authors: Ness David A. , Xing Ke
Published: April 2017

Amid continued growth in the building stock, the pursuit of sustainable buildings is dominated by a focus on carbon neutrality and green, often overlooking resource consumption and its contribution to greenhouse gas emissions and planetary degradation. Accordingly, this article seeks to highlight the importance of a resource‐efficient built environment, which enables required functions to be delivered with less assets, and to put forward an approach toward this objective. In this regard, the circular economy (CE) concept seeks to extract more value from resources by using them for as long as possible, thereby increasing economic prosperity and employment while reducing waste, greenhouse emissions, and pollution. Thus far, application of CE principles has largely concentrated on the industrial sector, such as through industrial symbiosis and its extension to urban symbiosis/metabolism. Their application to cities and, in particular, the built environment has been limited and the body of literature is relatively undeveloped. Insight is offered into how this field of research might be developed and applied to enable a more resource‐efficient, low‐carbon built environment with socioeconomic benefits. It reviews literature on the CE and industrial ecology, their application to industrial and urban contexts, and the gaps pertaining to the building sector. A proposition for extending research and its application to the built environment is then put forward, encapsulated in a conceptual model. This is seen as an important first step in influencing policy makers and repositioning resource efficiency firmly on the sustainable and carbon neutral building agenda.
What should the optimal intrauterine pressure be during outpatient diagnostic hysteroscopy? A randomized comparative study
Authors: Karaman Erbil , Kolusarı Ali , Çetin Orkun , Çim Numan , Alkış İsmet , Karaman Yasemin , Güler Seyithan
Published: April 2017

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare lower and higher uterine filling pressures during outpatient diagnostic hysteroscopy.

Methods

One hundred and seventy‐five women eligible for outpatient diagnostic hysteroscopy were included in this randomized double blind comparative study. The subjects were randomized into two groups. Group 1 (n = 80) underwent surgery with lower intrauterine filling pressures (30, 40, and 50 mmHg) and group 2 (n = 81) underwent surgery with higher filling pressures (70, 80, and 100 mmHg). The primary outcome measure was adequate visibility during the procedure. The secondary outcome measure was pain perceived by the patient during and 30 min after the procedure.

Results

In total, 161 patients completed the trial. Group 2 had significantly higher adequate visibility than group 1 (71/80, 88.75% in group 1 and 79/81, 97.5% in group 2, P = 0.008). There was a trend toward increase in pain scores with higher pressures during the procedure. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of visual analog scale pain scores measured 30 min after the procedure.

Conclusion

Lower uterine filling pressure was associated with lower pain scores with a higher trend towards inadequate visibility. It appears that higher filling pressure can be used for performing office hysteroscopy, but it is associated with higher pain scores.
A 14thCentury Critique of Greek Philosophy: The Case of Ibn Khaldun
Authors: Ahmad Zaid
Published: April 2017

This article discusses the critique of Greek philosophy by a Muslim scholar of the middle age Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406 CE). It begins with a brief introductory background of Ibn Khaldun, followed by a trace of the elements of Greek philosophy in his writings. The main purpose is to track the line of argument Ibn Khaldun used in his criticism and the basic premises he used in his attempt to position himself in his critiques. This article ends with concluding remarks on Ibn Khaldun's real attitude and how he drew a balance between rejection of certain philosophic notions and the acceptance of reasons and logics as crafts practiced in human civilization.
Sleep in Studio Based Courses: Outcomes for Creativity Task Performance
Authors: King Elise , Daunis Mericyn , Tami Claudina , Scullin Michael K.
Published: April 2017

Good sleep quality is important to cognition, physical health, mental well–being, and creativity—factors critical to academic and professional success. But, undergraduate students often report engaging in short, irregular, and poor–quality sleep. Anecdotal and questionnaire data suggest that poor sleep habits might be prevalent in students who are in studio– or project–based majors that implicitly encourage consecutive nights of disrupted sleep to complete projects. We investigated sleep quantity and quality using both objective measures (wristband actigraphy monitoring) and subjective measures (sleep diary) in 28 interior design undergraduate students for a 7–day period. Our primary aim was to measure sleep quantity (total sleep time) and quality (e.g., nighttime awakenings) and to compare whether undergraduate interior design students’ objective measures of sleep (actigraphy) differed from their subjective measures (sleep diary). The secondary aim was to investigate detrimental outcomes of poor sleep habits on laboratory–based measures of cognitive function (symmetry span, prospective memory, Raven's progressive matrices, remote associates task) that were administered pre– and poststudy. We found that the interior design students in our study overestimated their total sleep time by 36 minutes, that 79% of students slept for fewer than 7 hours at least three nights per week, and that many students cycled between nights of restricted/short sleep and recovery/long sleep. Importantly, students who maintained short sleep durations, highly variable night–to–night sleep durations, or had fragmented sleep (i.e., waking after sleep onset) demonstrated pre– to poststudy declines on the laboratory measure of creativity (remote associates task). These findings suggest the need for further investigations, which may lead to a broader discussion of studio culture and the role of the “all–nighter,” both in professional practice and in design education.
How Central Is Too Central? Organizing Interorganizational Collaboration Networks for Breakthrough Innovation
Authors: Qi Dong John , McCarthy Killian J. , Schoenmakers Wilfred W. M. E.
Published: April 2017

Firms increasingly look to collaboration with alliance partners in their quest for breakthrough innovation. But how does the position of a firm in its alliance network weighted by the centrality of its partners—a concept which we term “partner‐weighted alliance centrality”—and the heterogeneities in the types of partners that it cooperates with—in terms of its private‐public collaboration—influence this quest? Using longitudinal data from the U.S. pharmaceutical industry, we build alliance networks in the period 1985–2001 to investigate these questions. We show that, for breakthrough innovation, collaborating with more partners that are more central in alliance networks the better, but only to a point. Beyond that point, we find that the likelihood of achieving breakthrough innovation drops. Furthermore, and looking at the kinds of knowledge provided by the partners in each firm's alliances, we report that firms with a greater share of private partners, relative to public partners, suffer less from the diminishing benefits of collaboration with central partners when developing breakthrough innovation. Taken together, we make novel contributions about how to organize for breakthrough innovation, and provide actionable managerial advice in terms of selecting collaborative partners in alliance networks.
You Saydientito, I Saydentito: Navigating Complex Word Formation in Second Language Spanish
Authors: Carlson Matthew T. , Gerfen Chip
Published: April 2017

Native speakers seamlessly marshal morphological resources to create new words, displaying striking consistency even where multiple options are available, as when a stem contains a phonological alternation. This is true even when these options appear to be idiosyncratically applied in existing words. For example, in derived words, the alternation of diphthongs and monophthongs in certain Spanish stems defies traditional morphophonological analysis, but native speakers nonetheless agree on when to use one and when to use the other in novel derivations. Here we ask how second language learners of Spanish cope with this subtlety. Recently, native speakers’ agreement has been attributed to the way phonotactic and morpholexical properties influence morphological processing. In a lexical decision experiment, we show that while the polarity of learners’ responses differed from earlier native speaker results, their response latencies exhibit striking sensitivity to the very same ingredients shown to predict nativelike behavior.

Open Practices

This article has been awarded an Open Materials badge. All materials are publicly accessible in the IRIS digital repository athttp://www.iris-database.org. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science:https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
Genomic clustering of adaptive loci during parallel evolution of an Australian wildflower
Authors: Roda Federico , Walter Greg M. , Nipper Rick , Ortiz‐Barrientos Daniel
Published: April 2017

The build‐up of the phenotypic differences that distinguish species has long intrigued biologists. These differences are often inherited as stable polymorphisms that allow the cosegregation of adaptive variation within species, and facilitate the differentiation of complex phenotypes between species. It has been suggested that the clustering of adaptive loci could facilitate this process, but evidence is still scarce. Here, we used QTL analysis to study the genetic basis of phenotypic differentiation between coastal populations of the Australian wildflower Senecio lautus. We found that a genomic region consistently governs variation in several of the traits that distinguish these contrasting forms. Additionally, some of the taxon‐specific traits controlled by this QTL cluster have evolved repeatedly during the adaptation to the same habitats, suggesting that it could mediate divergence between locally adapted forms. This cluster contains footprints of divergent natural selection across the range of S. lautus, which suggests that it could have been instrumental for the rapid diversification of this species.
Optimizing Passenger Flow Control and Bus‐Bridging Service for Commuting Metro Lines
Authors: Yang Jingfeng , Jin Jian Gang , Wu Jianjun , Jiang Xi
Published: April 2017

Oversaturated conditions are often observed during peak‐hour periods, especially for commuting metro lines serving as a corridor connecting suburb and urban areas due to its unidirectional passenger flow pattern. System operators are concerned about the amount of passengers accumulated inside station and at platform when train service cannot meet the travel demand. In this article, we tackle the metro system congestion issue and develop a compound strategy integrating passenger flow control and bus‐bridging service, to mitigate overcrowded situation. A two‐stage mathematical modeling procedure is proposed. Stage 1 determines the stations and time periods for taking passenger flow control strategy. Stage 2 identifies the optimal bus‐bridging services. Mixed integer linear programming models are developed to find the demand‐responsive flow control pattern and bus‐bridging services. The proposed passenger flow control and bus‐bridging strategy is applied to a commuting metro line in Shanghai. The results show that the proposed strategy is effective in reducing the number of stranded passengers, releasing the overcrowding pressure, and improving passengers’ satisfaction.
Performance in adolescents of the two Japanese serum creatinine based estimated glomerular filtration rate equations, for adults and paediatric patients: A study of the Japan Renal Biopsy Registry and Japan Kidney Disease Registry from 2007 to 2013
Authors: Uemura Osamu , Yokoyama Hitoshi , Ishikura Kenji , Gotoh Yoshimitsu , Sato Hiroshi , Sugiyama Hitoshi , Honda Masataka , Matsuo Seiichi
Published: April 2017

There are two different Japanese serum creatinine‐based equations for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), for adults and paediatric patients, with both equations deemed applicable to 18‐year‐old subjects. This study assessed the relative accuracy of the two equations in assessing eGFR in patients aged 18 years with chronic kidney disease. A total of 3042 patients (1679 males and 1363 females), aged 2–20 years, who were registered in the Japan Renal Biopsy Registry or the Japan Kidney Disease Registry between 2007 and 2013 were evaluated. eGFR values derived from formulas for children (Uemura's formula) and adults (the 3‐variable Japanese formula) were calculated and compared, especially in patients aged 18 years. At all ages, but especially at younger ages, eGFR was significantly higher when calculated with the adult than the paediatric formula. This finding was also observed in 18‐year‐old adolescents with eGFR <90 mL/min per 1.73 m2 (P = 0.026). However, the mean difference between the two calculated eGFRs was only 2.79 mL/min per 1.73 m2. These findings indicate that both creatinine‐based equations used to calculate eGFR rate in Japanese children and adults with chronic kidney disease could be used to determine eGFR in 18‐year‐old subjects, with the difference between the two within permissible levels for clinical use.
Is there a practical role for bone biopsy in chronic kidney disease?
Authors: Diamond Terrence , Elder Grahame J
Published: April 2017

Bone biopsy is currently the only means to accurately assess renal osteodystrophy and responses to therapeutic interventions. With sedation, the technique is relatively painless, and complications are uncommon. Bone biopsy should be considered when the aetiology of symptoms or biochemical abnormalities is in question, and results may lead to changes in therapy. Although it remains prudent to use antiresorptive drugs cautiously in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3a–4 and low bone mineral density, bone biopsy may not be warranted before commencing therapy in these patients. Histomorphometric indices adopted for bone biopsy assessment are turnover (T), mineralisation (M) and volume (V). Often, only measurements of trabecular bone are reported; however, marked cortical changes are common in CKD and may be critical to bone structure and integrity. MicroCT of bone biopsies can rapidly assess static parameters and provides information on the cortical and trabecular compartments that may influence management. Limitations of bone biopsy include the time required for pre‐biopsy tetracycline labelling and sample processing, and a paucity of facilities to process and report samples. Patients with CKD may not respond predictably to treatments, and because the biopsy sample is illustrative of activity at only one skeletal site and one point in time, assessment of real‐time laboratory trends is always required. Optimally, we need a non‐invasive ‘virtual bone biopsy’ that provides information for initiating and monitoring therapy. However, bone biopsy is the current standard by which the accuracy of investigational imaging techniques, hormonal values and biochemical turnover markers are judged.
Do the benefits of using calcitriol and other vitamin D receptor activators in patients with chronic kidney disease outweigh the harms?
Authors: Toussaint Nigel D , Damasiewicz Matthew J
Published: April 2017

The primary indication for administration of calcitriol or other vitamin D receptor activators (VDRA) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). Prevention and treatment of SHPT appears important, as imbalances in mineral metabolism are associated with renal osteodystrophy, and higher parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels are associated with increased rates of mortality and morbidity in CKD patients. There is, however, a lack of controlled trial data that show lowering PTH with calcitriol/VDRA equates to improved clinical outcomes. Recent randomized controlled trials have concentrated on potential benefits of calcitriol/VDRA on cardiovascular outcomes and reduction of proteinuria and on possible differences between calcitriol and the various VDRA. Several systematic reviews and meta‐analyses have also been published, evaluating the benefits and harms of calcitriol/VDRA. Concerns have been raised about the effectiveness of calcitriol/VDRA for suppression of SHPT in the CKD stages 3–5 population, as well as potential adverse outcomes such as hypercalcaemia and elevation in FGF23 levels, suggesting their routine use to treat SHPT in the pre‐dialysis CKD population may not be favourable. Conversely, concerns still exist about the wide PTH range in advanced CKD, and that high values may negatively impact bone quality, result in the progression of parathyroid hyperplasia and decrease the effectiveness of treatments to reduce PTH. We discuss the current controversies relating to the challenges in the management of SHPT in patients with CKD stages 3–5 and the need for more evidence to determine the efficacy or harm of using calcitriol/VDRA in this population.
Management of mineral and bone disorders in renal transplant recipients
Authors: Damasiewicz Matthew J , Ebeling Peter R
Published: April 2017

The management of post‐transplantation bone disease is a complex problem that remains under‐appreciated in clinical practice. In these patients, pre‐existing metabolic bone disorder is further impacted by the use of immunosuppressive medications (glucocorticoids and calcineurin‐inhibitors), variable post‐transplantation renal allograft function and post‐transplantation diabetes mellitus. The treatment of post‐transplantation bone loss should begin pre‐transplantation. All patients active on transplant waiting lists should be screened for bone disease. Patients should also be encouraged to take preventative measures against osteoporosis such as regular weight‐bearing exercise, smoking cessation and reducing alcohol consumption. Biochemical abnormalities of disordered mineral metabolism should be corrected prior to transplantation wherever possible, and because these abnormalities commonly persist, post transplant hypophosphatemia, persistent hyperparathyroidism and low vitamin D levels should be regularly monitored and treated. Bone loss is greatest in the first 6–12 months post‐transplantation, during which period any intervention is likely to be of greatest benefit. There is strong evidence that bisphosphonates prevent post‐transplantation bone loss; however, data are lacking that this clearly extends to a reduction in fracture incidence. Denosumab is a potential alternative to vitamin D receptor agonists and bisphosphonates in reducing post‐transplantation bone loss; however, further studies are needed to demonstrate its safety in patients with a significantly reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate. Clinical judgement remains the cornerstone of this complex clinical problem, providing a strong rationale for the formation of combined endocrinology and nephrology clinics to treat patients with Chronic Kidney Disease‐Mineral and Bone Disorder, before and after transplantation.
Finding a partner in the ocean: molecular and evolutionary bases of the response to sexual cues in a planktonic diatom
Authors: Basu Swaraj , Patil Shrikant , Mapleson Daniel , Russo Monia Teresa , Vitale Laura , Fevola Cristina , Maumus Florian , Casotti Raffaella , Mock Thomas , Caccamo Mario , Montresor Marina , Sanges Remo , Ferrante Maria Immacolata
Published: April 2017

Microalgae play a major role as primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. Cell signalling regulates their interactions with the environment and other organisms, yet this process in phytoplankton is poorly defined. Using the marine planktonic diatom Pseudo‐nitzschia multistriata, we investigated the cell response to cues released during sexual reproduction, an event that demands strong regulatory mechanisms and impacts on population dynamics.

We sequenced the genome of P. multistriata and performed phylogenomic and transcriptomic analyses, which allowed the definition of gene gains and losses, horizontal gene transfers, conservation and evolutionary rate of sex‐related genes. We also identified a small number of conserved noncoding elements.

Sexual reproduction impacted on cell cycle progression and induced an asymmetric response of the opposite mating types. G protein‐coupled receptors and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) are implicated in the response to sexual cues, which overall entails a modulation of cell cycle, meiosis‐related and nutrient transporter genes, suggesting a fine control of nutrient uptake even under nutrient‐replete conditions.

The controllable life cycle and the genome sequence of P. multistriata allow the reconstruction of changes occurring in diatoms in a key phase of their life cycle, providing hints on the evolution and putative function of their genes and empowering studies on sexual reproduction.
Decision‐making in obesity without eating disorders: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of Iowa gambling task performances
Authors: Rotge J.‐Y. , Poitou C. , Fossati P. , Aron‐Wisnewsky J. , Oppert J.‐M.
Published: April 2017

Background

There is evidence that obesity is associated with impairments in executive functions, such as deficits in decision‐making, planning or problem solving, which might interfere with weight loss in obese individuals. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of decision‐making abilities, as measured with the Iowa gambling task (IGT), in obesity without eating disorders.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted to identify studies comparing IGT performances between groups of obese patients without eating disorders and groups of healthy control groups. The standardized mean differences were calculated for the total IGT scores and for the course of IGT scores. Meta‐regression analyses were performed to explore the influence of clinical variables on standardized mean differences.

Results

Total IGT scores were significantly lower in obese patients compared with normal‐weight healthy controls. IGT performances did not differ between groups for the first trials of the task. Significant effect sizes for the last trials of the task were subjected to a high degree of heterogeneity.

Conclusion

Risky decision‐making is impaired in obesity. The clinical importance of non‐food‐related decision‐making impairments remains to be assessed especially in terms of consequences in daily life or the achievement of weight loss.

This meta‐analysis has been registered in the Prospero database (CRD42016037533).
Suppression of OsMADS7 in rice endosperm stabilizes amylose content under high temperature stress
Authors: Zhang Hua , Xu Heng , Feng Mengjie , Zhu Ying
Published: April 2017

High temperature significantly alters the amylose content of rice, resulting in mature grains with poor eating quality. However, only few genes and/or quantitative trait loci involved in this process have been isolated and the molecular mechanisms of this effect remain unclear. Here, we describe a floral organ identity gene, OsMADS7, involved in stabilizing rice amylose content at high temperature. OsMADS7 is greatly induced by high temperature at the early filling stage. Constitutive suppression of OsMADS7 stabilizes amylose content under high temperature stress but results in low spikelet fertility. However, rice plants with both stable amylose content at high temperature and normal spikelet fertility can be obtained by specifically suppressing OsMADS7 in endosperm. GBSSI is the major enzyme responsible for amylose biosynthesis. A low filling rate and high expression of GBSSI were detected in OsMADS7 RNAi plants at high temperature, which may be correlated with stabilized amylose content in these transgenic seeds under high temperature. Thus, specific suppression of OsMADS7 in endosperm could improve the stability of rice amylose content at high temperature, and such transgenic materials may be a valuable genetic resource for breeding rice with elite thermal resilience.
Sll1783, a monooxygenase associated with polysaccharide processing in the unicellular cyanobacterium SynechocystisPCC 6803
Authors: Miranda Hélder , Immerzeel Peter , Gerber Lorenz , Hörnaeus Katarina , Lind Sara Bergström , Pattanaik Bagmi , Lindberg Pia , Mamedov Fikret , Lindblad Peter
Published: April 2017

Cyanobacteria play a pivotal role as the primary producer in many aquatic ecosystems. The knowledge on the interacting processes of cyanobacteria with its environment – abiotic and biotic factors – is still very limited. Many potential exocytoplasmic proteins in the model unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 have unknown functions and their study is essential to improve our understanding of this photosynthetic organism and its potential for biotechnology use. Here we characterize a deletion mutant of Synechocystis PCC 6803, Δsll1783, a strain that showed a remarkably high light resistance which is related with its lower thylakoid membrane formation. Our results suggests Sll1783 to be involved in a mechanism of polysaccharide degradation and uptake and we hypothesize it might function as a sensor for cell density in cyanobacterial cultures.
Interdisciplinary interface between fixed prosthodontics and periodontics
Authors: Abduo Jaafar , Lyons Karl M.
Published: April 2017

Although periodontal factors do not usually have a direct effect on the survival of a fixed prosthesis, harmony between the prosthesis and the periodontium is critical otherwise esthetics, the longevity of the prosthesis and the periodontium will be compromised. A close interdisciplinary relationship between periodontics and prosthodontics is therefore necessary to avoid an unsatisfactory treatment outcome, requiring extensive and expensive retreatment. The design of the prosthesis, the number and quality of the abutment teeth, the preparation and the pontic, the occlusion and the material need to be considered when planning prosthodontic treatment. The location of the preparation margin and the contour and emergence profile of the prosthesis will influence the response of the gingival tissues to the prosthesis. Pontic design and cleansibility also contribute to the response of the gingival tissues as well as to the clinical and esthetic outcome. Even an optimal pontic design will not prevent inflammation of the mucosa adjacent to the pontic if pontic hygiene is not maintained by removal of plaque. Case selection and the patients’ ability to carry out adequate oral hygiene are therefore essential for longevity of the prosthesis, and regular reviews provide an opportunity for early detection and treatment of failures.
The periodontal restorative interface: esthetic considerations
Authors: Bennani Vincent , Ibrahim Hadeel , Al‐Harthi Latfiya , Lyons Karl M.
Published: April 2017

Esthetic considerations are a significant contributing factor in the management of prosthodontic cases and an interdisciplinary approach is often necessary to achieve an optimal result. The visible soft‐tissue architecture plays a key role in developing an esthetic smile. Furthermore, an understanding of the relationship between the restorative margin and the gingiva is important for long‐term stability of the result. The gingival architecture and gingival health are important for ensuring optimal esthetics following prosthodontic work and close attention to both soft and hard tissues around the teeth, before, during and after restorative procedures, will greatly improve the likelihood of a successful outcome. Moreover, knowing the options available in periodontal plastic surgery is important in esthetic dentistry today. The relevant literature related to restorative and surgical procedures when performing esthetic dentistry are reviewed in this article, and different approaches are illustrated with appropriate cases to explain the treatment approach that was utilized to improve the esthetic appearance of the case.
Periodontal disease and the special needs patient
Authors: Brown Louise F. , Ford Pauline J. , Symons Anne L.
Published: April 2017

Individuals with special needs are at more risk of dental disease, including periodontal diseases, and have a greater prevalence and incidence of periodontal diseases than the rest of the population. Genetic or medical conditions, and/or the use of prescription medication or recreational substances, may further increase the risk for susceptibility to periodontal disease. The success of preventing or controlling periodontal diseases amongst this group of patients has not been established. Even those individuals who access regular and comprehensive dental care appear to develop periodontal diseases as they age, and this development occurs at a rate comparable to the natural history of the disease. The reasons behind the lack of success of interventions in reducing the incidence of periodontal diseases are complex and part of the lack of success may relate to the professional challenges in treating individuals with special needs.
The place of periodontal examination and referral in general medicine
Authors: Chan Samuel , Pasternak Graham M. , West Malcolm J.
Published: April 2017

In many countries, dental services, unlike other health‐care services, are not covered by the principle of universal access. It is only in the last couple of decades that there has been a greater interaction between medicine and dentistry. Various health‐care systems worldwide may provide public dental services to the young and the disadvantaged, but few provide access to all. Public policy does not appear to appreciate the vast economic, health and social implications of poor oral health on the overall health of an individual. Recognizing and acting on the interrelatedness between oral health and overall health helps to protect patients from pathological diseases, such as infective endocarditis, suboptimal glycemic control and deterioration in renal function. This review article examines some of the medical conditions to which patients are predisposed as a result of poor dental care. Additionally, the paper provides some real‐life case examples to support this hypothesis, reinforces the importance of a strong relationship that needs to be embedded between the dentist and the physician and finally provides some suggestions for a multidisciplinary approach.
Debates and Partisan Enthusiasm Before the 2012 Republican Primaries
Authors: Schiffer Adam J.
Published: April 2017

To what degree do early presidential primary debates aid party‐loyalist decision making? And does this effect diminish as the debate season progresses? This study utilizes a unique, daily data set and time‐series regression to chart the effect of 13 pre‐primary debates on party‐loyalist enthusiasm in the 2012 Republican nomination contest—as measured by Facebook activity—along with news coverage and Google search volume. Though the debates did lead to new partisan expressions of candidate support, these expressions declined sharply as the pre‐primary debate season dragged on.
Polls and Elections Reversal of Fortune: The Political Behavior of White Migrants to the South
Authors: Hillygus D. Sunshine , McKee Seth C. , Young McKenzie
Published: April 2017

What are the political implications of domestic migration to the American South? Using the American National Election Studies, we track the changing dynamic of party identification and presidential voting among white southern in‐migrants and natives. Although it was once thought southern in‐migration from the rest of the country contributed to Republican ascendancy in the region, we find that is no longer true. In the 1970s and 1980s, white migrants to the South were more Republican than natives. Today, white southern in‐migrants are more likely to affiliate with the Democratic Party and vote Democratic, suggesting population change could ultimately shift the partisan balance in the region.
Understanding the lifecycle of service firm business models: a qualitative‐empirical analysis
Authors: Laudien Sven M. , Daxböck Birgit
Published: April 2017

A recent customer‐driven change of the understanding of service forces especially service firms to revise their strategies and following their business models as new market conditions require firm action. Our paper presents an analysis of how service firms innovate their business models in detail to cope with changing ecosystem conditions. We focus on theory building and approach this topic against the background of a qualitative, narrative research design. Our study contributes to business model innovation literature as it provides insights into the dynamics of business model innovation and presents an empirically grounded cycle model that details how service firms choose, invent, utilize, develop, and finally terminate a specific business model. In addition, we highlight cognitive and structural determinants affecting the positioning of a specific service firm business model in the identified lifecycle.
Evaluation of T2‐weighted versus short‐tau inversion recovery sagittal sequences in the identification and localization of canine intervertebral disc extrusion with low‐field magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Housley Daniel , Caine Abby , Cherubini Giunio , Taeymans Olivier
Published: April 2017

Sagittal T2‐weighted sequences (T2‐SAG) are the foundation of spinal protocols when screening for the presence of intervertebral disc extrusion. We often utilize sagittal short‐tau inversion recovery sequences (STIR‐SAG) as an adjunctive screening series, and experience suggests that this combined approach provides superior detection rates. We hypothesized that STIR‐SAG would provide higher sensitivity than T2‐SAG in the identification and localization of intervertebral disc extrusion. We further hypothesized that the parallel evaluation of paired T2‐SAG and STIR‐SAG series would provide a higher sensitivity than could be achieved with either independent sagittal series when viewed in isolation. This retrospective diagnostic accuracy study blindly reviewed T2‐SAG and STIR‐SAG sequences from dogs (n= 110) with surgically confirmed intervertebral disc extrusion. A consensus between two radiologists found no significant difference in sensitivity between T2‐SAG and STIR‐SAG during the identification of intervertebral disc extrusion (T2‐SAG: 92.7%, STIR‐SAG: 94.5%,P= 0.752). Nevertheless, STIR‐SAG accurately identified intervertebral disc extrusion in 66.7% of cases where the evaluation of T2‐SAG in isolation had provided a false negative diagnosis. Additionally, one radiologist found that the parallel evaluation of paired T2‐SAG and STIR‐SAG series provided a significantly higher sensitivity than T2‐SAG in isolation, during the identification of intervertebral disc extrusion (T2‐SAG: 78.2%, paired T2‐SAG, and STIR‐SAG: 90.9%,P= 0.017). A similar nonsignificant trend was observed when the consensus of both radiologists was taken into consideration (T2‐SAG: 92.7%, paired T2‐SAG, and STIR‐SAG = 97.3%,P= 0.392). We therefore conclude that STIR‐SAG is capable of identifying intervertebral disc extrusion that is inconspicuous in T2‐SAG, and that STIR‐SAG should be considered a useful adjunctive sequence during preliminary sagittal screening for intervertebral disc extrusion in low‐field magnetic resonance.
Retrospective evaluation of thoracic computed tomography findings in dogs naturally infected by Angiostrongylus vasorum
Authors: Coia Mark E. , Hammond Gawain , Chan Daniel , Drees Randi , Walker David , Murtagh Kevin , Stone Janine , Bexfield Nicholas , Reeve Lizzie , Helm Jenny
Published: April 2017

Angiostrongylus vasorum (A. vasorum) is an important emerging disease of canidae. Cardiorespiratory signs are common in affected dogs, therefore thoracic imaging is critical for diagnosing and monitoring disease. Descriptions of thoracic computed tomography (CT) findings in dogs naturally infected with A. vasorum are currently lacking. Aims of this multicenter, retrospective study were to describe thoracic CT findings in a group of dogs with confirmed disease, determine whether any changes were consistent among dogs, and propose standardized terms for describing thoracic CT findings. Nine UK‐based referral centers’ clinical and imaging databases were searched for dogs that had a confirmed diagnosis of A. vasorum, and had undergone thoracic CT examination. Eighteen dogs, from seven of the centers, fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The lung lobes were divided into the following three zones and the CT changes described in each: pleural (zone 1), subpleural (zone 2), and peribronchovascular (zone 3). The predominent abnormality was increased lung attenuation due to poorly defined ground‐glass opacity or consolidation. There were regions of mosaic attenuation due to peripheral bronchiectasis. Nine/18 (50%) dogs showed hyperattenuating nodules of varying sizes with ill‐defined margins. The distribution always affected zones 1 and 2 with varied involvement of zone 3; this resulted in clear delineation between zones 2 and 3. Tracheobronchial lymphadenomegaly was frequently noted. Findings were nonspecific and there was considerable overlap with other pulmonary conditions. However, authors recommend that A. vasorum be considered a likely differential diagnosis for dogs with a predominantly peripheral distribution of lung changes.
Investigation on Weld Pool Dynamics in Laser Welding of AISI 304 Stainless Steel With an Interface Gap Via a Three-Dimensional Dynamic Model and Experiments
Authors: Hong Kyung-Min , Shin Yung C.
Published: April 2017

This paper reports on numerical and experimental investigations involving examination of the effects of an interfacial gap in the range of 0–0.3 mm on keyhole and molten pool dynamics. A numerical model was developed to investigate the three-dimensional transient dynamics of the keyhole in lap welding processes with an interface gap. The model was able to reliably predict the weld profile. In addition, the modeling results provided detailed information regarding the interaction between the molten pool and the solid/liquid boundary that led to the extended weld width. Experimentally, AISI 304 stainless steel was joined in a lap welding configuration using an IPG YLR-1000 fiber laser. The tensile shear and T-peel testing of the lap joints showed that adding an adequate amount of interface gap improves weld strength.
Simulation and characterization of short-channel organic thin-film transistors fabricated using ink-jet printing and an imprint process
Authors: Bae Juhyun , Kim Kyohyeok , Kwon Namyong , Chung Ilsub
Published: April 2017

The authors fabricated short-channel organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) on a polyethersulphone substrate using ink-jet printing combined with an imprint method. 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene and polyvinyl alcohol were used as an active material and a gate insulator, respectively, in the OTFT fabrication. The channel length was reduced remarkably by interfacing ink-jet printing with imprint technology. The authors obtained an OTFT mobility of approximately 0.25 cm2/V s in the saturation region, and the OTFT threshold voltage was approximately −2.5 V. The results were compared with the simulated results to understand the variations in the device structure and material properties.
The localization of non-individualized virtual sounds by hearing impaired listeners
Authors: Brungart Douglas S. , Cohen Julie I. , Zion Danielle , Romigh Griffin
Published: April 2017

Although many studies have evaluated the performance of virtual audio displays with normal hearing listeners, very little information is available on the effect that hearing loss has on the localization of virtual sounds. In this study, normal hearing (NH) and hearing impaired (HI) listeners were asked to localize noise stimuli with short (250 ms), medium (1000 ms), and long (4000 ms) durations both in the free field and with a non-individualized head-tracked virtual audio display. The results show that the HI listeners localized sounds less accurately than the NH listeners, and that both groups consistently localized virtual sounds less accurately than free-field sounds. These results indicate that HI listeners are sensitive to individual differences in head related transfer functions (HRTFs), which means that they might have difficulty using auditory display systems that rely on generic HRTFs to control the apparent locations of virtual sounds. However, the results also reveal a high correlation between free-field and virtual localization performance in the HI listeners. This suggests that it may be feasible to use non-individualized virtual audio display systems to predict the auditory localization performance of HI listeners in clinical environments where free-field speaker arrays are not available.
Using one-dimensional waveguide resonators to measure phase velocities in bubbly liquids
Authors: Dolder Craig N. , Wilson Preston S.
Published: April 2017

Resonator techniques can be successfully used to extract effective medium properties from dispersive materials. However, in some cases the dispersion can cause modes to repeat. If repeated modes are not taken into account, the useful range of the resonator technique is limited. A resonance tube containing tethered balloons is used to create a dispersive effective medium. Resonator measurements show that modes do repeat. Direct measurement of the mode shapes allows exploitation of all longitudinal radially symmetric modes and expands the frequency range of the technique. A theoretical model is also used to predict when modes repeat. For the presented data set this method increases the measurement range from below 160 Hz to 3000 Hz excluding the stop band where resonances are damped. A means to account for non-ideal resonator boundary conditions often found in highly dispersive systems is discussed.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Methylocaldum
sp. Strain 14B, an Obligate Hydrogen Sulfide-Tolerant Methanotrophic Strain That Can Convert Biogas to Methanol
Authors: Wei Xiangdong , Ge Xumen , Li Yebo , Yu Zhongtang
Published: April 2017

The draft genome sequence of
Methylocaldum
sp. 14B, an obligate methanotrophic strain isolated from solid-state anaerobic digestion systems, is reported here. Strain 14B possesses genes for methane oxidation and exhibited tolerance to H
2
S.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Satellite Virus Associated with Cassava Plants
Authors: Souza Adriana N. , Silva Fábio N. , Carvalho Claudine M.
Published: April 2017

A novel satellite virus of 1,228 bp in length was found in a single cassava plant. Bioinformatic analyses show that it has two open reading frames (ORFs) in its genome, probably encoding a coat protein of 156 and a putative protein of 90 amino acids.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus cereus LA2007, a Human-Pathogenic Isolate Harboring Anthrax-Like Plasmids
Authors: Pena-Gonzalez Angela , Marston Chung K. , Rodriguez-R Luis M. , Kolton Cari B. , Garcia-Diaz Julia , Theppote Amanda , Frace Michael , Konstantinidis Konstantinos T. , Hoffmaster Alex R.
Published: April 2017

We present the genome sequence of
Bacillus cereus
LA2007, a strain isolated in 2007 from a fatal pneumonia case in Louisiana. Sequence-based genome analysis revealed that LA2007 carries a plasmid highly similar to
Bacillus anthracis
pXO1, including the genes responsible for the production and regulation of anthrax toxin.
Multiple Genome Sequences of Heteropolysaccharide-Forming Acetic Acid Bacteria
Authors: Brandt Julia U. , Jakob Frank , Geissler Andreas J. , Behr Jürgen , Vogel Rudi F.
Published: April 2017

We report here the complete genome sequences of the acetic acid bacteria (AAB)
Acetobacter aceti
TMW 2.1153,
A. persici
TMW 2.1084, and
Neoasaia chiangmaiensis
NBRC 101099, which secrete biotechnologically relevant heteropolysaccharides (HePSs) into their environments. Upon genome sequencing of these AAB strains, the corresponding HePS biosynthesis pathways were identified.
Complete Genome Sequences of Mycobacterium kansasii Strains Isolated from Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Panda Aruna , Nagaraj Sushma , Zhao Xuechu , Tettelin Hervé , DeTolla Louis J.
Published: April 2017

Mycobacterium kansasii
is a nontuberculous mycobacterium. It causes opportunistic infections with pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations. We report here the complete genome sequences of two
M. kansasii
strains isolated from rhesus macaques. We performed genome comparisons with human and environmental isolates of
M. kansasii
to assess the genomic diversity of this species.
Complete Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium avium subsp.
hominissuis
Strain H87 Isolated from an Indoor Water Sample
Authors: Zhao Xueyan , Epperson L. Elaine , Hasan Nabeeh A. , Honda Jennifer R. , Chan Edward D. , Strong Michael , Walter Nicholas D. , Davidson Rebecca M.
Published: April 2017

Mycobacterium avium
subsp.
hominissuis
is an environmentally acquired bacterium known to cause pulmonary and soft tissue infections, lymphadenitis, and disseminated disease in humans. We report here the complete genome sequence of strain H87, isolated from an indoor water sample, as a single circular chromosome of 5,626,623 bp with a G+C content of 68.8%.
Whole-Genome Sequence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis PA04, Isolated from the Lymph Node of a Sheep in the Amazon, Brazil
Authors: Costa Wana L. O. , Alves Jorianne T. C. , Dias Larissa M. , Araújo Carlos Leonardo de Aragão , Morais Eziquiel , Silva André G. M. , Andrade Soraya S. , Ramos Rommel T. J. , Silva Artur , Folador Adriana R. C.
Published: April 2017

This study reports the complete genome sequence of
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
strain PA04, isolated from a sheep in the Amazon, Brazil. This bacterium is the etiological agent of caseous lymphadenitis. This genome contains 2,338,093 bp, 52.2% G+C content, and a total of 2,104 coding sequences (CDSs), 41 pseudogenes, 12 rRNAs, and 49 tRNAs.
Draft Genome Sequences of Three Listeria monocytogenes Isolates from Foods in China
Authors: Su Xudong , Cao Guojie , Kuang Dai , Zhang Jianmin , Chen Yi , Allard Marc , Brown Eric , Shi Xianming , Meng Jianghong , Xu Xuebin
Published: April 2017

Listeria monocytogenes
is a foodborne pathogen of global concern because of the high mortality rate among patients. The draft genome sequences of three
L. monocytogenes
strains isolated from foods are reported here. The availability of these genomes should provide useful information on the genomic diversity of
L. monocytogenes
isolated from foods in China.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Highly Erythromycin-Resistant Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp.
gallolyticus
Isolates Containing a Novel Tn
916
-Like Element, Tn
6331
Authors: Kambarev Stanimir , Pecorari Frédéric , Corvec Stéphane
Published: April 2017

Recently, we reported the draft genome sequence of
Streptococcus gallolyticus
NTS31106099. It was found to contain a previously unknown putative Tn
916
-like conjugative transposon, Tn
6263
. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of two other clinical isolates, NTS31301958 and NTS31307655. Both of them contain another novel element, Tn
6331
, which is highly similar to Tn
6263
.
Improved High-Quality Draft Genome Sequence and Annotation of Burkholderia contaminans LMG 23361
T
Authors: Jung Ji Young , Ahn Youngbeom , Kweon Ohgew , LiPuma John J. , Hussong David , Marasa Bernard S. , Cerniglia Carl E.
Published: April 2017

Burkholderia contaminans
LMG 23361 is the type strain of the species isolated from the milk of a dairy sheep with mastitis. Some pharmaceutical products contain disinfectants such as benzalkonium chloride (BZK) and previously we reported that
B. contaminans
LMG 23361
T
possesses the ability to inactivate BZK with high biodegradation rates. Here, we report an improved high-quality draft genome sequence of this strain.