bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observing Formation of Flux Rope by Tether-cutting Reconnection in the Sun
Authors: Xue Zhike , Yan Xiaoli , Yang Liheng , Wang Jincheng , Zhao Li
Published: May 2017

Tether-cutting reconnection is considered as one mechanism for the formation of a flux rope. It has been proposed for more than 30 years; however, so far, direct observations of it are very rare. In this Letter, we present observations of the formation of a flux rope via tether-cutting reconnection in NOAA AR 11967 on 2014 February 2 by combining observations with the New Vacuum Solar Telescope and the Solar Dynamic Observatory. The tether-cutting reconnection occurs between two sets of highly sheared magnetic arcades. Comprehensive observational evidence of the reconnection is as follows: changes of the connections between the arcades, brightenings at the reconnection site, hot outflows, formation of a flux rope, slow-rise motion of the flux rope, and flux cancelation. The outflows are along three directions from the reconnection site to the footpoints with the velocities from 24 ± 1 km s−1 to 69 ± 5 km s−1. Additionally, it is found that the newly formed flux rope connects far footpoints and has a left-handed twisted structure with many fine threads and a concave-up-shape structure in the middle. All the observations are in agreement with the tether-cutting model and provide evidence that tether-cutting reconnection leads to the formation of the flux rope associated with flux shear flow and cancelation.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices on edible insects in Lango sub-region, northern Uganda
Authors: Akullo J. , Obaa B.B. , Acai J. Okwee , Nakimbugwe D. , Agea J.G.
Published: May 2017

The study was done to determine the knowledge, attitude and practices towards edible insects, their consumption and practices of harvesting and processing in Lango sub-region, with the aim of increasing their consumption and improving nutrition of the people. Data was collected using semi structured questionnaires and focus group discussions. Common insect orders used as food in the area included: Isoptera (termites), Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets), and Hymenoptera (honey bee broods). Winged termites (Macrotermes spp.), locally known asNgwen was consumed by more than 97% of the respondents. Soldier termites (Syntermes soldiers), locally calledokok, were consumed by 73% of the respondents and crickets (Brachytrupes spp.), locally known asodir, was consumed by 69% of respondents. These insects were seasonally abundant and consumed in households in seasons of availability. Winged and soldier termites were harvested by attraction to light at the termite mound and by ‘termite fishing’ technique, respectively. Grasshoppers were harvested by hand picking from cropland bushes. Women and children were more actively involved in collection of insects than men. Pan frying, roasting, boiling followed by sun drying were the most common methods of processing insects. Dried insects were either served as snacks or a side dish. A main dish locally known asalakena is prepared from freshly ground termites. Dried winged termites were preserved for consumption at a later date. Women and children consumed more edible insects than men. The results show that insects are important as a food resource to the rural poor. However, majority of the respondents did not know that insects are nutritious. Therefore there is need to popularise consumption of edible insects in and outside the subregion through research on nutritional values of insects and documenting the information and processing insects using modern techniques in order to increase its commercial value and availability of insect products in all seasons.
Local knowledge and practices on use and management of edible insects in Lake Victoria basin, East Africa
Authors: Okia C.A. , Odongo W. , Nzabamwita P. , Ndimubandi J. , Nalika N. , Nyeko P.
Published: May 2017

Edible insects (EIs) provide an important food source in Africa, but their potential to improve livelihoods and environmental conservation is yet to be fully exploited. This study contributes towards enhancing the use of EIs in the Lake Victoria basin (LVB), with particular attention to local perspectives of the catalogue, ecology, management, collection, processing and consumption. The study was conducted along the LVB in Uganda, Burundi and Rwanda between 2012 and 2013 using a household survey and focus group discussions. Results revealed that up to 20 insect species were eaten in Uganda, 13 in Burundi, and six in Rwanda. In Uganda, the most consumed insects were a katydid grasshopper (Ruspolia differens), palm weevil (Rhynchophorus phoenicis) larvae and termites (Macrotermes), while in Rwanda and Burundi,Macrotermes species were the most consumed. The most common source of EIs in households was their own collection from the wild, although a number of insects were also bought from markets. Local communities reported various ways of collecting, processing and storing insects. Overall, most of these activities require technological interventions. Despite the high consumption of EIs, no deliberate efforts were reported on conservation and rearing of any of the insects consumed in the three countries. This raises serious questions pertaining to the sustainable consumption of EIs, especially in the face of climate change in this region.
Le Réseau Migrations en vidéo : les coulisses d’un projet collectif
Authors: Sierra-Paycha Celio
Published: May 2017

Lors de la journée des doctorants du colloque des 30 ans de Migrinter du 21 juin 2016, les doctorants de Migrinter ont présenté une vidéo explicitant la composition et les activités du Réseau Migrations, à partir d’une enquête… La vidéo conçue et réalisée par les doctorants met notamment en évidence la couverture internationale de ce réseau francophone et les inquiétudes que partagent ses membres quant à leur avenir/l’avenir de la recherche… Voici le texte de présentation du film tel qu’il fût annoncé ce jour-là.
Early Emergence of CD19-Negative Human Antibody-Secreting Cells at the Plasmablast to Plasma Cell Transition
Authors: Arumugakani Gururaj , Stephenson Sophie J. , Newton Darren J. , Rawstron Andy , Emery Paul , Doody Gina M. , McGonagle Dennis , Tooze Reuben M.
Published: May 2017

Long-lived human plasma cells (PCs) play central roles in immunity and autoimmunity and are enriched among the subpopulation of CD19neg human PCs. However, whether human CD19neg PCs are necessarily aged cells that have gradually lost CD19 expression is not known. Assessing peripheral blood samples at steady-state and during the acute response to influenza vaccination in healthy donors, we identify the presence of phenotypic CD19neg plasmablasts, the proliferative precursor state to mature PCs, and demonstrate by ELISPOT that these are Ab-secreting cells (ASCs). During the acute response to influenza vaccination, CD19pos, CD19low, and CD19neg ASCs secrete vaccine-specific Abs and show linked IGHV repertoires. To address precursor/product relationships, we use in vitro models that mimic T-dependent and T-independent differentiation, finding that the CD19neg state can be established at the plasmablast to PC transition, that CD19neg PCs increase as a percentage of surviving PCs in vitro, and that CD19neg and CD19pos PCs can be maintained independently. These data provide proof-of-principle for the view that newly generated ASCs can acquire a mature PC phenotype that is accompanied by loss of CD19 expression at an early stage of differentiation and that aging is not an obligate requirement for a CD19neg state to be established.
Behavior of cellular beams protected with intumescent coatings
Authors: Lamri Brahim , Mesquita Luís , Abdelhak Kada , Piloto Paulo
Published: May 2017

A new engineering practice in modern buildings is to use beams with web openings to allow the passage of services within the depth of the beam instead of underneath the beam. As the web post failure may occur before the section reaches the limiting temperature, usually an increase in the fire protection may be required for members with web openings in comparison to its equivalent solid section. The aim of this work is to present an experimental study of unloaded solid and cellular beams with circular holes in fire conditions with and without intumescent fire protection. These preliminary tests results are the basis for generating an elemental multi-temperature analysis needed to assess cellular beams with intumescent protection and give experimental results for calibration of further numerical simulations. The experimental results show that, considering the same nominal fire protection thickness, one can obtain a higher fire resistance time for solid beams when compared with cellular beams. The tests performed, with different hole diameters and web-post widths, points that to achieve the same fire resistance time, a cellular beam will need a higher fire protection compared to an equivalent solid beam. Also, a special care is needed when the intumescent coating is applied around the hole to avoid the intumescent contraction, applying for example an over coating.
Phlebolymphology
Authors: Agus Giovan Battista
Published: May 2017

Not available.
Farmer–African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) relations in the eastern Kalahari region of Botswana
Authors: Fraser-Celin Valli-Laurente , Hovorka Alice J. , Hovork Mark , Maude Glyn
Published: May 2017

African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) are the most endangered large carnivores in southern Africa. Direct and indirect persecution by farmers causes significant conservation challenges. Farmer– wild dog conflict in Botswana commonly occurs as a result of cattle and stocked game depredation by wild dogs, affecting farmer livelihood and causing economic and emotional distress. Although wild dogs predate livestock at lower levels than other carnivores, they continue to be killed both indiscriminately and in retaliation for incidents of depredation. Investigating farmer–wild dog conflict is a necessary step towards establishing appropriate conflict mitigation strategies. Eighty livestock and game farmers were interviewed in order to examine farmers’ value of, perceptions of and experiences with wild dogs as well as their insights on wild dog impacts and conservation in the eastern Kalahari region of Botswana. Interviews were semi-structured and used open-ended questions to capture complexities surrounding farmer–wild dog relations. This research contributes baseline data on wild dogs in understudied tribal land and commercial livestock and game farms in eastern Kalahari. It confirms the presence of wild dogs, livestock and stocked game depredation by wild dogs and negative perspectives amongst farmers towards wild dogs and their conservation. Mean losses were 0.85 livestock per subsistence farmer, 1.25 livestock per commercial livestock farmer, while game farmers lost 95.88 game animals per farmer during January 2012 through June 2013. Proportionally, more subsistence farmers than commercial livestock farmers and game farmers held negative perspectives of wild dogs (χ ² = 9.63, df = 2, p < 0.05). Farmer type, education level, socioeconomic status and land tenure, as well as positive wild dog characteristics should be considered when planning and operationalising conflict mitigation strategies. As such, conservation approaches should focus on conservation education schemes, improved wild prey base for wild dogs, poverty alleviation, and community engagement in order to offer long-term opportunities for addressing farmer–wild dog conflict in Botswana.Conservation implications: Our research contributes to wild dog conservation in Botswana by confirming the presence of wild dogs and the occurrence of livestock and stocked game depredation in previously understudied tribal land and commercial livestock and game farms in eastern Kalahari. To improve predominately negative perceptions of wild dogs and reduce conflict, practitioners should focus their efforts on conservation education schemes, improved wild prey base for wild dogs, poverty alleviation, and community engagement.
Analysis of the Tangjiaxi landslide-generated waves in the Zhexi Reservoir, China, by a granular flow coupling model
Authors: Huang Bolin , Yin Yueping , Wang Shichang , Tan Jianmin , Liu Guangning
Published: May 2017

Abstract. A rocky granular flow is commonly formed after the failure of rocky bank slopes. An impulse wave disaster may also be initiated if the rocky granular flow rushes into a river with a high velocity. Currently, the granular mass–water body coupling study is an important trend in the field of landslide-induced impulse waves. In this paper, a full coupling numerical model for landslide-induced impulse waves is developed based on a non-coherent granular flow equation, i.e., the Mih equation. In this model, the Mih equation for continuous non-coherent granular flow controls movements of sliding mass, the two-phase flow equation regulates the interaction between sliding mass and water, and the renormalization group (RNG) turbulence model governs the movement of the water body. The proposed model is validated and applied for the 2014 Tangjiaxi landslide of the Zhexi Reservoir located in Hunan Province, China, to analyze the characteristics of both landslide motion and its following impulse waves. On 16 July 2014, a rocky debris flow was formed after the failure of the Tangjiaxi landslide, damming the Tangjiaxi stream and causing an impulse wave disaster with three dead and nine missing bodies. Based on the full coupling numerical analysis, the granular flow impacts the water with a maximum velocity of about 22.5 m s−1. Moreover, the propagation velocity of the generated waves reaches up to 12 m s−1. The maximum calculated run-up of 21.8 m is close enough to the real value of 22.7 m. The predicted landslide final deposit and wave run-up heights are in a good agreement with the field survey data. These facts verify the ability of the proposed model for simulating the real impulse wave generated by rocky granular flow events.
A Model for Bank Performance Measurement Integrating Multivariate Factor Structure with Multi-Criteria PROMETHEE Methodology
Authors: Dash Mihir
Published: May 2017

The global financial crisis and the subsequent Euro-zone crises have resulted in widespread failure of banking systems worldwide. The Indian banking system, which was initially hailed to be unaffected by the crises, was affected indirectly, mainly on account of growing trade and financial integration with the global economy. Although Indian banks were not pushed to the point of insolvency, bank performance benchmarking and evaluation have become important in the dynamic banking environment in India in order to ensure sustained profitability and avoid undue risks.The CAMELS model is one of the most widely-used frameworks for bank performance evaluation (Sahajwala and van der Bergh, 2000). The CAMELS methodology provides a broader view of bank performance than single ratios such as return on equity, particularly as it takes account of both profitability and risk factors in representing bank performance. Several studies have proposed multi-criteria decision models for bank performance measurement (Doumpos and Zopounidis, 2011).The objective of the present study is to integrate multivariate and multi-criteria decision models in bank performance measurement. The study uses the factor structure of the CAMELS model to derive weights for the different criteria in the PROMETHEE methodology. The resulting PROMETHEE scores are used to rank banks under different dimensions, and to compare the performance of public sector and private sector banks in India.
Momentum to Distance Education Initiative at Africa University Zimbabwe
Authors: Jagero Nelson , Logan B. Ikubolajeh , Fotsin Richard , Magunje Caroline G. N. , Daudi Edna L.
Published: May 2017

To spearhead the Distance Education (DE) initiative at AU, the DE and ICT units under the instigation of the Deputy Vice Chancellor held a Distance Education and E-learning Symposium from the 30th to the 31st of January 2014. The symposium was meant to bring momentum to the distance education initiative and ensure that we are all geared and ready for online distance education. The research designs used were Ex post Facto and correlational research designs.  Data was analysed using qualitative technique such as coding and quantitative technique, including descriptive and inferential statistics.  The major draw backs to the momentum to distance education initiative included; technical problems in accessing the virtual classroom, lack of theoretical and pedagogical knowledge of teaching and learning to effectively engage with students in on line learning.  From the inferential statistics, the most important factor that can lead to adoption of technology is to change the views of academic staff about the relevance and importance of distance education and e-learning.
Has the Dollar Peg Served the Saudi Economy Well?
Authors: Alkhareif Ryadh M. , Barnett William A. , Qualls John H.
Published: May 2017

There are three major objectives of this paper: first, to examine the various exchange rate regimes and arrangements that have emerged over the last 40 years since the collapse of the Bretton Woods Agreement, focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of each, particularly as they relate to inflation and real economic growth, second, to analyze the historical relationship between the Kingdom’s various exchange rate regimes and the performance of its non-oil private sector, and third, to compare Saudi Arabia’s economic performance since 1986 (when the riyal was firmly pegged to the US dollar) with a number of other developed and developing countries that have followed different exchange rate arrangements. The findings of this paper confirm that the dollar peg has served Saudi Arabia well.
The Ether Theory Unifying the Relativistic Gravito-Electromagnetism Including also the Gravitons and the Gravitational Waves
Authors: Zareski David
Published: May 2017

In previous publications, we showed that Maxwell’s equations are an approximation to those of General Relativity when V<<c, where V is the velocity of the particle submitted to the electromagnetic field. This was demonstrated by showing that the Lienard-Wiechert potential four-vector A_u created by an electric charge is the equivalent of the gravitational four-vector G_u created by a massive neutral point when V<<c. In the present paper, we generalize these results for V non-restricted to be small. To this purpose, we show first that the exact Lagrange-Einstein function of an electric charge q submitted to the field due an immobile charge q_0 is of the same form as that of a particle of mass m submitted to the field created by an immobile particle of mass m_0. Maxwell’s electrostatics is then generalized as a case of the Einstein’s general relativity. In particular, it appears that an immobile q_0 creates also an electromagnetic horizon that behaves like a Schwarzschild horizon. Then, there exist ether gravitational waves constituted by gravitons in the same way as the electromagnetic waves are constituted by photons. Now, since A_u and G_u, are equivalent, and as we show, G_u produces the approximation, for V<<c, of g_u4 created by m_0 mobile, where the g_uv  are the components of Einstein’s fundamental tensor, it follows that A_u+u_u produces the approximation, for V<<c, of Bet_u4 , where the Bet_uv created by m_0 and by q_0, generalize the g_uv.
Onmaatschappelijkheidsbestrijding en de cultuur van volksbuurten in Brabant
Authors: Tops P.
Published: May 2017

The approach of antisocial behavior and the culture of marginal neighborhoods

‘Volksbuurten’ (marginal neighborhoods) in Brabant emerged from poverty and backwardness, but have developed their own way to deal with it. ‘Deviant behavior’, including forms of illegal and criminal activity, is important in there. That behavior gradually gets sustainable features. These neighborhoods are usually the result of conscious and active government policy; in particular the approach of ‘antisocial behavior’ in the forties and fifties of the last century has been important. In this article the author first sketches the outlines of this particular ‘volksbuurten’ culture, to focus then on the history of a particular street in one of those neighborhoods and its culture around 1960: the Ruisvoornstraat in Tilburg. Knowledge of the history of these neighborhoods is one of the keys to understanding the specifics of the history of Brabant and its partial intertwining with a culture of acting illegally and criminally.
Cultureel erfgoed én crimineel probleem: over de subcultuur van woonwagenbewoners
Authors: Witte R. , Moors H.
Published: May 2017

Cultural heritage and criminal problem: On the subculture of ‘travelers’

Within the Province of Noord-Brabant, the ‘traveler community’ possesses a specific position, coloring the developments in crime throughout the region and being a main focus for major concern among policymakers and professionals. The authors reflect on the historical development of the ‘traveler community’ and their perceived subculture as well as on state response to these developments. Along this, the attempts of social work to contribute to social climbing of ‘travelers’ outside criminality in the 1980s and 1990s are portrayed. The contribution rounds up with some reflections on the present call for a ‘multi-agency approach’ towards organized and undermining crime in which again, and increasingly so, the importance of the so-called ‘soft side of crime prevention and repression’ is underlined.
Ions in Wine and Their Relation to Electrical Conductivity Under Ultrasound Irradiation
Authors: Yan Yan-Ying , Zhang Qing-An , Li Er-Chun , Zhang Ya-Feng
Published: May 2017

Change in electrical conductivity is considered apotential indicator for the on-line monitoring of wine aging accelerated by ultrasound, as determined inour previous study; however, the exact mechanism of change is currently unclear. In this study, the ion content and the total ionic strength were analyzed by ion-exchange chromatography to investigate the change mechanism of the electrical conductivity of wineunder ultrasound irradiation. The results indicate that the changes in wine electrical conductivity during ultrasound treatment correlate with the changes in the cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and NH4+) and in the anions from the organic acids (malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, oxalic acid, and formic acid) and inorganic acids (Cl−, SO42−, and PO43−), especially for the ionic strength of the wine. Overall, electrical conductivity may be used to reflect the chemical reactions related to wine aging to a certain extent becausethe reactions can be initiated by the conversion of cations and by the degradation or auxiliary functionof organic acids.
EDUCAÇÃO, BARBÁRIE E SEMIFORMAÇÃO: APORTES DA TEORIA CRÍTICA E DO PENSAMENTO ADORNIANO PARA ANALISE DA PRÁTICA EDUCATIVA
Authors: Oliveira Thiago Luiz Santos
Published: May 2017

Neste artigo procurar-se-á abordar a relevância dos conceitos de educação barbárie e semiformação, a partir do pensamento crítico de Theodor Adorno para o entendimento da prática educativa. Dentro dessa perspectiva buscar-se-á evidenciar a importância da educação para a superação dos processos de dominação e para a formação de sujeitos realmente plenos, capazes da reflexão autônoma. É importante frisar no entanto que Adorno e os fundadores da matriz da Teoria Critica, posteriormente conhecida como Escola de Frankfurt não eram especificamente teóricos da educação. Mesmo assim é possível e pertinente a utilização do arcabouço teórico adorniano nas reflexões acerca da pratica educativa. Ora, sendo a educação enquanto campo de pesquisa social pautada pela pluralidade de análises e pela interdisciplinaridade faz-se importante o entendimento epistemológico dos preceitos principais que norteiam a Teoria Crítica, que podem de fato ser utilizados para a análise sociológica da pratica pedagógica.

 

ABSTRACT

In this article we will try to approach the relevance of barbarism education concepts and erudition, from critical thinking Theodor Adorno to the understanding of educational practice. Within this perspective will be sought to evidence the importance of education to overcome the domination of processes and the formation of subjects really full, capable of independent thought. It is important to note however that Adorno and the founding mother of Critical Theory, later known as the Frankfurt School were not specifically educational theorists. Yet the use of Adorno's theoretical framework in the reflections of the educational practice is possible and relevant. Now, with education as a social search field guided by the plurality of analysis and the interdisciplinarity is an important epistemological understanding of the key principles that guide the Critical Theory, which can in fact be used for sociological analysis of pedagogical practice.

Keywords: Critical Theory. Education. Cultural Industry. Barbarism. Formation.
A POLÍTICA DE CARIDADE, ASSISTÊNCIA E PROTEÇÃO À INFÂNCIA DESVALIDA EM BELÉM DO PARÁ: DO IMPÉRIO À REPÚBLICA
Authors: Alves Laura Maria Silva Araújo
Published: May 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é trazer a lume a política de caridade, assistência e proteção à infância desvalida em Belém do Pará, do período que se estende do Império à República. No século XIX, a infância deveria ser assistida na capital do Pará em decorrência da política idealizada e implementada pela elite paraense. Assim, a infância que precisava ser assistida era designada de “órfã” e “exposta”. A primeira, dizia respeito, também, à criança que tinha perdido um dos pais, e a segunda, chamada, também, “enjeitada” ou “desvalida”, correspondia à criança que alguém não quis cuidar ou receber. Este artigo está divido em três partes. Na primeira, situo a cidade de Belém do Pará, em termos políticos, econômicos e sociais, no cenário do Brasil República, em interface com a infância. Na segunda parte, destaco as políticas assistenciais e filantrópicas no atendimento à infância no Pará e o ideário higienista. E, por fim, na terceira, trago à cena algumas instituições que foram criadas em Belém do Pará, no período do Império à República, para abrigar a criança órfã e desvalida.

 

ABSTRACT

The objective of this article is to bring to light the charity, assistance and protection policy for disfavored childhood in Belém-PA, from the period of the Empire to the Brazilian Republic. In the 19th century, children should be assisted in the capital of the state of  Pará as a result of the political idealization implemented by this state’s elite. Therefore, the ones who needed to be assisted were designated as “orphans” or “exposed”. The former ones, not exclusively, were the children who had lost one of their parents; the latter ones, also referred to as “rejected” or “disfavored”, corresponded to the children none would look after or welcome. This article is divided into three parts. In the first, the city of  Belém is situated in political, economic and social terms, interfaced with childhood, in the scenario of the Brazilian Republic. In the second, the assistance and philanthropic policies for childhood care, as well as the hygienist ideas, are highlighted. Finally, institutions created to shelter orphan and disfavored children in Belém, from the period of the Empire to the Republic, are brought to centre stage.

Keywords: Grão Pará. Childhood. Disfavored Children. Hygienism. Welfarism. Philantropy.
CONTRIBUTO DAS TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DE COMPETÊNCIAS DO SÉCULO XXI EM UMA AULA INVERTIDA
Authors: Silva Adelina
Published: May 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma reflexão sobre a forma como as tecnologias digitais contribuem para o desenvolvimento das competências para o aluno do século XXI, relacionando-as com a produção de conhecimento na escola, por meio da implementação de uma prática pedagógica, na modalidade de aula invertida. Partindo do pressuposto que os alunos estão enquadrados no conceito de "nativo digital", reflete-se sobre as competências, nos vários domínios, que se espera que o aluno atinja, detenha e alcance, na sala de aula, com recurso a tecnologias digitais e a ferramentas da Web 2.0. Para cumprir esse objetivo e o desafio educativo de uma escola em mudança, serão apresentadas 3 ferramentas aplicadas em sala de aula: uma plataforma educativa de partilha de conteúdo (Edmodo), um jogo (kahoot) e uma plataforma de avaliação de conhecimentos (Socrative).

 

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this article is to produce a reflection on how digital technologies contribute to the development of skills of the 21st century student, linking them to knowledge production in school, through the implementation of a pedagogical practice in the classroom known as flipped classroom. Assuming that students are "digital natives", this article focus on the skills in various areas that students are expected to accomplish and hold as well as how to achieve them in a classroom, using digital technologies and Web 2.0 tools. To achieve this goal and the educational challenge of an ever changing school, three tools were applied in the classroom: an educational platform for sharing content (Edmodo), a game (Kahoot) and a knowledge evaluation platform (Socrative).

Keywords: 21st century skills; Flipped classroom; Digital technologies; Web 2.0.
TECNOLOGIAS DA INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO NO CONTEXTO DA FORMAÇÃO, INICIAL E A DISTÂNCIA, DE PROFESSORES DE HISTÓRIA
Authors: Dias Márcia Maria , Pimenta Eucidio Arruda
Published: May 2017

Este artigo tem como proposta analisar criticamente a incorporação das Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação (TDIC) no contexto de formação inicial do docente de História, bem como refletir sobre a apropriação dessas tecnologias, para além de seu modo instrumental, na prática pedagógica dos professores de História da educação básica. Para tanto, parte-se do pressuposto de que o uso de tais tecnologias na prática docente deve ser fomentado pelo emprego delas no processo de formação dos professores, levando-se em consideração as influências e marcas que as práticas pedagógicas e didáticas da educação superior imprimem na formação docente inicial, e, consequentemente, nas ações desses futuros professores. Por fim, conclui-se que a formação do professor envolve uma formação crítica e propositiva no que tange as TDIC no intuito de compreender e usufruir de seus recursos em todos os aspectos sociais e não somente emaranhar-se nos encantamentos tecnológicos, imbuídos de diversas intencionalidades políticas.
QUALIDADE DO ENSINO E TRABALHO DOCENTE: CARACTERÍSTICAS DOS PROFESSORES DA REDE PÚBLICA MUNICIPAL DE GUARULHOS, SÃO PAULO
Authors: Penna Marieta Gouvêa de Oliveira
Published: May 2017

Apresenta-se resultado de pesquisa com professores da rede pública municipal de Guarulhos, a fim de se debater características daqueles que se dedicam ao magistério nos anos iniciais da Educação Básica, no que se refere a facetas de suas condições de vida e trabalho, e as formas como compreendem o ensino. Os dados foram coletados por meio de abordagem quantitativa (consulta a Banco de Dados) e qualitativa (questionários e entrevistas). Com a pesquisa, evidencia-se elevação das condições de vida dos professores, ao se considerar a sua família de origem, em termos econômicos e culturais. No entanto, notam-se possíveis fragilidades em sua formação inicial, bem como no que se refere ao acesso a bens culturais. Sobre as condições de trabalho, foi possível evidenciar que os professores enfrentam dificuldades com o número excessivo de alunos por sala, com a indisciplina e com a inclusão de alunos com necessidades especiais. Também, que se sentem sozinhos, que valorizam o trabalho em equipe, e sentem orgulho de exercer a docência. Percebem a escola como espaço de moralização de condutas, para além de ser espaço de ensino de conteúdos escolares. Ressalta-se a necessidade de valorização política e social dos professores, fundamental para a realização de ensino com qualidade social.
ESTADO CAPITALISTA, TRABALHO DOCENTE E EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA
Authors: Vieira Mariana Novais , Arruda Eucídio Pimenta
Published: May 2017

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a configuração do Estado capitalista na atualidade e as consequências daí decorrentes para as relações de trabalho, especificamente, para o trabalho docente nas universidades públicas, a partir da política de expansão do ensino superior através da Educação a Distância (EaD), com a institucionalização do Sistema Universidade Aberta do Brasil (UAB). Para tanto, assume como suporte teórico-metodológico o materialismo histórico e aborda a configuração atual do Estado capitalista, que a partir dos anos de 1990 passou a seguir uma tendência gerencial, em consonância com os pressupostos do projeto político neoliberal da Terceira Via. O avanço das Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação (TIC) no campo educacional, principalmente com a difusão da modalidade da EaD, é resultado de uma concepção de Estado e de uma forma de funcionamento da política educacional defendida pelo bloco no poder, independentemente das implicações negativas que possa causar sobre os processos de trabalho e de formação humana.
POLÍTICA CURRICULAR E RELAÇÕES RACIAIS: O ESTADO DA ARTE NAS PRODUÇÕES DA ANPED
Authors: Santos Raquel Amorim dos , Coelho Wilma De Nazaré Baía
Published: May 2017

O estudo apresenta análise de artigos da Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Educação (ANPED), no Grupo de Trabalho Educação e Relações Étnico- Raciais (GT-21), cuja produção científica está localizada na área da Educação e Relações Raciais, com ênfase na educação dos afro-brasileiros. Especificamente neste trabalho, deter-nos-emos ao levantamento das produções encontradas nos Anais das Reuniões Anuais da ANPED (25ª a 34ª), relativas ao período de 2000 a 2011, as quais apresentam como ênfase temática em seu conjunto de textos: a política educacional, a política curricular, as políticas de ações afirmativas, o Movimento Negro e a Lei nº 10.639/2003. Utilizamos a abordagem qualitativa com aplicação da pesquisa bibliográfica. Na metodologia, seguimos a tendência para estudos de análise de Estado da Arte (MÜLLER, 2015) na área da Política Curricular e Relações Raciais. É importante salientar que, nos limites do presente texto, optou-se pela análise do dialogismo discursivo (BAKHTIN, 2003, 2010). Bakhtin (2003) aponta que o dialogismo se mostra nas muitas vozes criando e recriando sentidos e significados às palavras ditas e às não ditas entre locutor e interlocutor. Os resultados revelam que as pesquisas sobre Educação e Relações Raciais foram ampliadas na última década no Brasil, favorecendo a abertura de espaços de discussões e busca de alternativas para minimizar a discriminação racial e o preconceito nas escolas. Esses estudos impulsionam o debate sobre a superação do racismo, discriminação e preconceito racial nos diferentes campos sociais.
LO PÚBLICO Y EL DERECHO A LA EDUCACIÓN DE LA PRIMERA INFANCIA. UN ESTUDIO EN LA PROVINCIA DE RÍO NEGRO, ARGENTINA
Authors: Losso Mariela
Published: May 2017

El artículo se basa en investigaciones realizadas en la provincia de Río Negro, Argentina desde 2005 a 2015i. Los primeros resultados se comunicaron en reuniones científicas y se actualizaron con nuevas etapas de trabajo en terrenoii. La investigación continúa como parte del trabajo de doctorado “Configuraciones de la relación Sociedad Civil y Estado para responder a la demanda de Educación y Atención de la Primera Infancia en contextos de desigualdad social en la provincia de Río Negro, Argentina”. El objetivo central es describir los procesos sociales y políticos para garantizar el derecho a la educación y su legítima institucionalización, poniendo énfasis en los roles asumidos por diferentes agentes sociales. Otro objetivo es difundir datos sobre el panorama actual en términos de la garantía real o potencial de los derechos fundamentales.
A ORGANIZAÇÃO DO CURRÍCULO NO CONTEXTO DEMOCRÁTICO: NOVAS NECESSIDADES E PERSPECTIVAS
Authors: Silva Jardel Pereira da , De Freitas Ramiro Ferreira
Published: May 2017

O presente artigo pretende analisar como a educação brasileira foi modificada após o chamado “movimento de redemocratização”, ocorrido nas últimas décadas do século passado e cujos reflexos perduram até os dias atuais. Por meio de consulta bibliográfica e utilizando método exploratório, pretendemos comprovar à medida que os currículos e o processo ensino-aprendizagem vêm sendo, historicamente, edificados como padrões focados na formação direcionada dos alunos. A importância deste estudo reside no fato de ainda poucos autores se debruçarem sobre a complexa influência estatal na escolarização dos jovens. Ainda considerações adicionais merecem surgir, porém, esperamos que seja possível, agora, inaugurar uma discussão saudável em torno das problemáticas referidas.
A ESCRITA DE TEXTO NA INFÂNCIA: QUESTIONAMENTOS E DIÁLOGOS
Authors: Trescastro Lorena Bischoff
Published: May 2017

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar um estudo sobre a escrita de texto por crianças no 3º ano do Ensino Fundamental. O corpus foi constituído por trinta textos, cuja consiga apresentou oito questões sobre a temática a ser abordada. Na análise, agrupamos os textos em três tipos: (1) a criança apresenta uma ‘imagem de texto’; (2) o texto apresenta um ‘complemento às questões’; (3) a criança escreve texto ‘autônomo’. Os textos das crianças foram marcados pelo molde que as questões forneceram, mas também estão impregnados de cultura e de subjetividade.
MORTALIDADE INFANTIL EM BELÉM DO PARÁ: UMA PERSPECTIVA A PARTIR DOS LIVROS PERPÉTUOS DE SEPULTAMENTO DE MENORES DO CEMITÉRIO DE SANTA IZABEL (1910-1914)
Authors: Viana Carmeci Dos Reis
Published: May 2017

Este estudo objetiva investigar a mortandade infantil nos anos de 1910 a 1914 em Belém do Pará. Para tal, utilizamos os Livros Perpétuos de Sepultamento de Crianças no cemitério de Santa Izabel do Pará destacando a idade, sexo, situação socioeconômica e o inventário das doenças que causaram a morte das crianças. O referido estudo partiu da seguinte questão norteadora: Qual a situação da mortalidade infantil na capital do Pará no período de 1910 a 1914 e a sua relação com as ações dos médicos higienistas para combater tal situação? Metodologicamente, trata-se de uma pesquisa documental tendo como fonte os livros perpétuos de sepultamento de crianças do Cemitério de Santa Izabel do Pará. A investigação se deu da seguinte forma: 1) levantamento demográfico da quantidade de crianças sepultadas no Cemitério de Santa Izabel de 1910 a 1914 e sua relação com idades e gêneros; 2) catalogação das doenças causadoras da mortalidade de crianças de 1910 a 1914; 3) perfil socioeconômico das crianças sepultadas em Belém; 4) análises das ações implementadas para combater a mortalidade infantil em Belém do Pará. Constatou-se que muitas crianças morriam de doenças causadas pela falta de cuidado e saneamento da cidade. Os resultados obtidos apontam que, com as ações dos médicos higienistas, a mortalidade infantil sofreu significativa diminuição.
ASSISTÊNCIA À INFÂNCIA E À MATERNIDADE POBRE EM BELÉM DO PARÁ DE MEADOS DO SÉCULO XX
Authors: Guimarães Jacqueline Tatiane Da Silva
Published: May 2017

No presente artigo aborda-se sobre as primeiras ações de assistência à infância e à maternidade pobre em Belém do Pará, em meados do século XX. Primeiramente, damos destaque ao contexto de pobreza e de insalubridade que atingia diretamente as crianças, tornando os seus organismos propícios a qualquer tipo de doenças. Em segundo, tratamos sobre o surgimento da Pediatria no estado e posteriormente discorremos sobre a formação da estrutura de assistência à infância e à maternidade. Utilizamos como fonte os relatórios estaduais e municipais (de 1909 a 1912), além das revistas “Pará-Médico” e “A Semana”. A notória deficiência da estrutura de assistência aos pobres, maioria da população, fazia com que as mães não tivessem confiança nos atendimentos prestados pelos médicos e hospitais disponíveis, gerando a falta de hábito da população em recorrer às instituições oficiais de saúde, tais como os hospitais, que eram extremamente precários. Verifica-se que até então não havia ações consolidadas de assistência e proteção à infância, tornando o período da maternidade e do puerpério momentos despercebidos pelas ações de Saúde Pública, que ainda estava em vias de formação no estado do Pará.
AUTOS DE TUTELA: UMA POSSIBILIDADE PARA COMPREENSÃO HISTÓRICA DA FAMÍLIA E DA INFÂNCIA NO PARÁ NO FINAL DO SÉCULO XIX
Authors: Sabino Elianne Barreto
Published: May 2017

Este ensaio tem como objetivo analisar a importância dos autos de tutela como fonte para história da família e da infância. Indagando a importância do Juízo de Órfão no zelo pelos direitos de menores e da moral da família no final do século XIX no Estado do Pará. Na capital, esse juizado cuidou de crianças e casos complexos de famílias desestruturadas que a ele foram apresentadas naquele contexto histórico. Identificamos que as fontes apresentadas nesse fundo oferecem não apenas detalhes sobre o cotidiano das crianças e das famílias, mas indicam as relações que se estabelecem entre os adultos e as crianças. Tais situações colocavam em pauta a necessidade de se transferir a autoridade sobre a criança para outro adulto ou instituição, levando à circulação desses sujeitos. Que critérios presidiriam as decisões tomadas por curadores e juízes, diante das disputas e mútuas acusações que confrontavam pais, avós, familiares e até mesmo indivíduos não aparentados? Impotentes, as crianças ficavam submetidas à vontade e aos desígnios dos juízes que decidiriam seus destinos. Este texto, também, aponta para as potencialidades da documentação como fonte para a história da família, da infância e da educação no Pará.
A LITERATURA PARAENSE COMO FONTE PARA O CONHECIMENTO DA HISTÓRIA DA INFÂNCIA NA AMAZÔNIA
Authors: Lima Maria do Socorro Pereira
Published: May 2017

A pesquisa de onde se originou este artigo se amparou num referencial teórico pautado na relação história e literatura (CHARTIER, 1999), no sentido de mostrar que a literatura paraense aparece como objeto possível ou necessário da investigação histórica da infância na Amazônia. Com essa intenção, o objetivo deste artigo é compreender a história da infância da Amazônia a partir da sua representação literária a partir de um corpus constituído de obras produzidas no estado do Pará no decorrer da primeira metade do século XX. Além disso, as reflexões advindas dessas obras visam contribuir com a ampliação das fontes documentais na constituição de um campo de formação específico sobre a história da infância na Amazônia.
ASPECTOS IDEOLÓGICOS DA EDUCAÇÃO DA CRIANÇA NOS DISCURSOS DA REVISTA “A ESCOLA” (1900-1905)
Authors: Oliveira Michelle Araujo de , Pinheiro Welington Da Costa
Published: May 2017

Este artigo visa discutir alguns aspectos ideológicos sobre representatividade da mãe na educação e formação da criança e como essa infância era vista na sociedade do início do século XX. Para isso, serão analisados dois textos de duas edições da Revista “A Escola- revista official de ensino” veiculada na cidade de Belém do Pará nos de 1900 a 1905, tendo por finalidade a publicação de textos cujas temáticas eram voltadas à Educação do início do século XX. Por meio da Teoria de Análise do Discurso Bakhtiniana, este artigo propõe uma breve análise baseada nos postulados de Mikhail Bakhtin. Vários gêneros textuais estão presentes neste periódico e muitos deles abordam a Infância e a Criança. Isto aponta para a relevância de um estudo nos moldes da Análise do Discurso bakhtiniana na revista “A Escola”, uma vez que é possível encontrar aspectos discursivos como ideologia, representação dos sujeitos, polifonia, entre outros, os quais aludem ao público infantil, trazendo consigo algumas caracterizações discursivas que permitem compreender certa conceituação acerca da Criança da época. Na análise, pôde-se verificar que a mãe é vista como a principal responsável na educação familiar das crianças e como a ideologização dessa figura materna influencia diretamente na formação do ser criança.
Robert McKim, Editor. Religious Perspectives on Religious Diversity
Authors: Clooney Francis X.
Published: May 2017

No abstract is available.
The Lattice Spacing Variability of Intrinsic Float-Zone Silicon
Authors: Kessler Ernest G. , Szabo Csilla I. , Cline James P. , Henins Albert , Hudson Lawrence T. , Mendenhall Marcus H. , Vaudin Mark D.
Published: May 2017

Precision lattice spacing comparison measurements at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) provide traceability of X-ray wavelength and powder diffraction standards to the international system of units (SI). Here, we both summarize and document key measurements from the last two decades on six lots of intrinsic float-zone silicon, including unpublished results and recent internal-consistency checks. The comparison measurements link the unknown lattice spacing of a test crystal to a standard crystal for which the lattice spacing has been accurately determined by X-ray/optical interferometry in units traceable to the definition of the meter. The crystal that serves as the standard in all the comparisons is WASO 04, for which the lattice spacing is known with a relative uncertainty of 5 × 10−9. Individual lattice spacing comparison results have typical uncertainties of 1 ×10−8; taking material variability into account, measurements yield relative uncertainties for the test materials of a few tens of nanometers. It is observed that in the case of nearly perfect modern intrinsic float-zone silicon, the variability of the lattice spacing is sufficiently small that for most diffraction applications, a recommended reference value may be used.
Les communautés francophones en situation minoritaire : un portrait de famille
Authors: Charron Mathieu
Published: May 2017

Les francophones du Canada vivent dans des environnements linguistiques diversifiés et doivent donc composer avec des contraintes et des conditions spécifiques. Ces particularités impliquent une variété de situations et proscrivent l’application d’un projet unique de développement des communautés. L’article propose une classification des communautés francophones qui tient compte des nombreuses réalités vécues. S’appuyant sur les données du recensement, une typologie de sept catégories est proposée : communautés traditionnelles, diversifiées, assimilées, volatiles, globales, cosmopolites et anglophones. Les spécificités statistiques et les distributions géographiques de chacune des catégories y sont présentées.
Na+ influx via Orai1 inhibits intracellular ATP-induced mTORC2 signaling to disrupt CD4 T cell gene expression and differentiation
Authors: Miao Yong , Bhushan Jaya , Dani Adish , Vig Monika
Published: May 2017

T cell effector functions require sustained calcium influx. However, the signaling and phenotypic consequences of non-specific sodium permeation via calcium channels remain unknown. α-SNAP is a crucial component of Orai1 channels, and its depletion disrupts the functional assembly of Orai1 multimers. Here we show that α-SNAP hypomorph, hydrocephalus with hopping gait, Napahyh/hyh mice harbor significant defects in CD4 T cell gene expression and Foxp3 regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation. Mechanistically, TCR stimulation induced rapid sodium influx in Napahyh/hyh CD4 T cells, which reduced intracellular ATP, [ATP]i. Depletion of [ATP]i inhibited mTORC2 dependent NFκB activation in Napahyh/hyh cells but ablation of Orai1 restored it. Remarkably, TCR stimulation in the presence of monensin phenocopied the defects in Napahyh/hyh signaling and Treg differentiation, but not IL-2 expression. Thus, non-specific sodium influx via bonafide calcium channels disrupts unexpected signaling nodes and may provide mechanistic insights into some divergent phenotypes associated with Orai1 function.