bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of tokenization on ride‐hailing blockchain platforms
Authors: Sun Luoyi , Hua Guowei , Teunter Ruud H. , Cheng T.C.E. , Shen Zuo‐Jun Max
Published: April 2023

The rapid development of blockchain has inspired many traditional centralized intermediaries to transform their transaction models, especially for the peer‐to‐peer market. Lately, the token‐based (blockchain) system (with cryptocurrency) is gaining popularity. However, little is known about the (comparative) performance of different operating types. In this study, we build an analytical framework to find the optimal strategies for the token‐based and nontoken‐based blockchain (as a special application scenario) platforms and derive the essential model properties and characteristics. We analytically show how the optimal mining bonus depends on the fraction of reserved tokens sold to customers and on the price‐to‐sales ratio. Furthermore, we obtain several actionable findings for choosing suitable platform types under different scenarios. The shift from the nontoken‐based platform to the token‐based platform may yield greater social welfare unless the nontoken‐based system operates with a much larger ride price, which we show to be unrealistic for the considered Beijing case through numerical studies. Moreover, we find that the matching probability for the token‐based platform is predominantly higher than that for the nontoken‐based one. Besides, government interventions may encourage a path toward a fair consensus mechanism or a high decentralization level in order to enhance social welfare. One unanticipated finding is that a higher decentralization level may lead to a lower mining capacity shortage and so to a more efficient system, indicating that the combination of blockchain and the sharing economy has much potential.
Transcriptome and metabolites analysis of water‐stressed grape berries at different growth stages
Authors: Ma Weifeng , Lu Shixiong , Li Wenfang , Nai Guojie , Ma Zonghuan , Li Yanmei , Chen Baihong , Mao Juan
Published: April 2023

Drought is one of the main abiotic factors affecting grape quality. However, the impacts of drought stress on sugar and related gene expression during grape berry ripening remain unclear. In this experiment, the grapes were subjected to different levels of continuous water stress from 45 to 120 days after flowering (DAA) to study the changes in berry sugar content and the expression of genes related to sugar metabolism under different water stresses. Data supported that glucose, fructose, sucrose, and soluble sugars increased from 45 DAA. Combined with previous research results, T1, T2, and Ct grape berries with 60 ~ 75 DAA and large differences in sucrose, fructose, glucose and soluble sugars compared with the Ct were selected for RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq). Through transcriptome analysis, 4471 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened, and 65 genes in photosynthesis, ABA signaling pathway and photosynthetic carbon metabolism pathway were analyzed further by qRT‐PCR. At 60 DAA, the relative expression levels of CAB1R, PsbP, SNRK2, and PYL9 were significantly upregulated in response to water stress, while AHK1, At4g02290 were down‐regulated. At 75 DAA, the relative expression levels of ELIP1, GoLS2, At4g02290, Chi5, SAPK, MAPKKK17, NHL6, KINB2, and AHK1 were upregulated. And CAB1R, PsbA, GoLS1, SnRK2, PYL9, and KINGL were significantly downregulated under moderate water stress. In addition, PsbA expression was down‐regulated in response to water stress. These results will help us to fully understand the potential connections between glucose metabolism and gene expression in grapes under drought stress.
Peripheral odontogenic fibroma in a child with Ellis‐van Creveld syndrome: Case report
Authors: Ferraresso Lucas Fernando Oliveira Tomáz , Fagundes Fábio Anevan Ubiski , Padovese Mariella , Singi Paola , Paiva Mayra Frasson , Inagaki‐Nomura Luciana Tiemi , Dezan‐Garbelini Cássia Cilene , Boer Farli Aparecida Carrilho
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Ellis‐van Creveld (EVC) syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder predominantly characterized by a disproportionate dwarfism, ectodermal dysplasia, postaxial polydactyly, and congenital heart malformations and pulmonary hypoplasia.

Objective

In this article, we hereby present a case of a 6‐year‐old Brazilian boy with EVC syndrome who presented a rare oral lesion as well as a remarkable number of classical and uncommon oral and dental features.

Case Report

Clinical and radiographic examination revealed multiple enamel hypoplasia, teeth agenesis, conical teeth, lower canine rotation, bilateral posterior crossbite, taurodontism of deciduous and permanent molars and delayed tooth eruption, dental caries, and absent vestibular sulcus. Additionally, a whitish lobulated nodule located in the alveolar ridge in the anterior region of the mandible was noted. Anatomopathological examination was compatible with the diagnosis of peripheral odontogenic fibroma (POF). In a 10‐month clinical follow‐up, no signs of recurrence were observed.

Conclusion

In view of the characteristic oral findings of EVC syndrome and the potential for recurrence of POF, the pediatric dentist plays an essential role in clinical follow‐up, planning and preventive, and rehabilitative treatment.
Dialysis modality, humoral response to vaccine, and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection risk: Comparative prospective evaluation
Authors: Bnaya Alon , Nacasch Naomi , Einbinder Yael , Shavit Linda , Erez Daniel , Shashar Moshe , Grupper Ayelet , Benchetrit Sydney , Wand Ori , Cohen‐Hagai Keren
Published: April 2023

Background

COVID‐19 vaccinations have a central role in decreasing severe SARS‐CoV‐2 disease complications. This study investigated the long‐term humoral immune response to BNT162b2 vaccine among hemodialysis (HD) versus peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, and their relative risk for COVID‐19 infection.

Methods

This prospective, observational study included maintenance HD and PD patients who had received at least two BNT162b2 vaccine doses. Levels of antibodies targeting SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein were measured 6 and 12 months after the first vaccine dose, and 2–3 weeks after the third and fourth vaccine doses. Patients were divided according to dialysis modality (HD or PD). Humoral response was evaluated at different time points among different vaccine regimens (two vs. three vs. four doses of vaccine). An adjusted multivariate model was used to assess cumulative risk for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.

Results

Eighty‐seven HD and 36 PD patients were included. Among them, 106 (86%) received at least three vaccine doses. Both HD and PD patients demonstrated marked increases in humoral response 2–3 weeks after the third dose (mean anti‐S antibody increased from 452 ± 501 AU/mL to 19,556 ± 14,949 AU/mL, p < 0.001). By 6 months after the third dose, antibody titers had declined significantly (mean anti‐S antibody 9841 ± 10,493 AU/mL, p < 0.001). HD patients had higher risk for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection than PD patients (OR 4.4 [95% CI 1.4–13.6], p = 0.006). In multivariate analysis, the most important predictor for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was dialysis modality.

Conclusion

This study found a high antibody response rate after the third and fourth doses of BNT162b2 vaccine among dialysis patients. Hemodialysis as dialysis modality is an important predictor of COVID‐19 infection, despite similar humoral responses to vaccine in peritoneal dialysis.
Statistical evidence and surprise unified under possibility theory
Authors: Bickel David R.
Published: April 2023

Sander Greenland argues that reported results of hypothesis tests should include the surprisal, the base‐2 logarithm of the reciprocal of a p‐value. The surprisal measures how many bits of evidence in the data warrant rejecting the null hypothesis. A generalization of surprisal also can measure how much the evidence justifies rejecting a composite hypothesis such as the complement of a confidence interval. That extended surprisal, called surprise, quantifies how many bits of astonishment an agent believing a hypothesis would experience upon observing the data. While surprisal is a function of a point in hypothesis space, surprise is a function of a subset of hypothesis space. Satisfying the conditions of conditional min‐plus probability, surprise inherits a wealth of tools from possibility theory. The equivalent compatibility function has been recently applied to the replication crisis, to adjusting p‐values for prior information, and to comparing scientific theories.
Time‐varying β‐model for dynamic directed networks
Authors: Du Yuqing , Qu Lianqiang , Yan Ting , Zhang Yuan
Published: April 2023

We extend the well‐known ‐model for directed graphs to dynamic network setting, where we observe snapshots of adjacency matrices at different time points. We propose a kernel‐smoothed likelihood approach for estimating time‐varying parameters in a network with nodes, from snapshots. We establish consistency and asymptotic normality properties of our kernel‐smoothed estimators as either or diverges. Our results contrast their counterparts in single‐network analyses, where is invariantly required in asymptotic studies. We conduct comprehensive simulation studies that confirm our theory's prediction and illustrate the performance of our method from various angles. We apply our method to an email dataset and obtain meaningful results.
UD‐SV: Urban data services and visualization framework for sharing multidisciplinary research
Authors: Samuel John , Jaillot Vincent , Colin Clément , Alvarez Diego Vinasco , Boix Eric , Servigne Sylvie , Gesquière Gilles
Published: April 2023

With the widespread availability of a large volume of urban data, stakeholders from different domains require advanced tools to manage, visualize and understand cities and their evolution. During the last few years, researchers have proposed numerous research works and applications to illustrate the cities of the past and possible scenarios of the future under different conditions. However, many of these approaches are one‐time solutions and not based on standards, making them obsolete and unusable for reproducible research. In this article, we present UD‐SV: an Urban data‐Services and Visualization open‐source framework for multidisciplinary research to handle complex processing, analysis, and visualization of urban data. However, our goal is not to present a one‐time monolithic software solution for urban data management and analysis, but we demonstrate the design and development of an open and interoperable software framework driven by use cases from diverse users to solve applied research challenges. The main contribution of UD‐SV is that it uses open standards and open data with documented and reproducible processes with a particular emphasis on the reuse of existing open‐source software components. We also show an enhanced use of standards to enable a shift toward components that are interchangeable or composable with other existing components in the GIS community.
The effectiveness of the manual pressure points technique for hemorrhage control—The 2022 THOR pre‐conference meeting experience
Authors: Thompson Patrick , Glassberg Elon , Alon Yuval , Bjerkvig Christopher K. , Eliassen Hakon S. , Radomislensky Irina , Strandenes Geir , Talmy Tomer , Almog Ofer
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Limb and junctional hemorrhage are leading causes of potentially preventable death among trauma casualties. Hemorrhage control for these regions could be achieved by direct or indirect pressure. The manual pressure points (MPP) involves applying manual pressure on the arterial supply to occlude distal blood flow without the need for specialized equipment.

Study Design and Methods

Prospective, non‐randomized, human volunteer, controlled environment study involving 38 healthy military caregivers, with 26 participants attending a short instructional session. During a medical exercise, participants were requested to apply pressure on the supraclavicular and femoral points aiming to stop regional blood flow, measured by distal pulse palpation. The measures recorded included achievement of distal pulse cessation, success in achieving cessation for a full minute, and subjects' pain scores reported after each attempt.

Results

All participants succeeded in achieving distal pulse cessation for both the supraclavicular and femoral points for a full minute. The median time to initial success was 3.0 (interquartile range 2.0–5.0) seconds in the supraclavicular point and 4.5 (interquartile range 3.0–6.0) seconds in the femoral point. Pain scores ranging between 0 and 3 were reported by most subjects during supraclavicular (68.4%) and femoral occlusion (84.2%).

Conclusion

The MPP technique was highly effective in occluding distal palpable pulses in healthy volunteers when applied to the supraclavicular and femoral arteries. Brief instruction on the technique can potentially improve the chances of achieving hemorrhage control within 5 s. Further research is required to determine efficacy among different populations and providers with varying experience levels.
A novel Rickettsia species closely related to Rickettsia felis in Anopheles mosquitoes from Yingkou City, Northeast China
Authors: Lu Miao , Chen Shizhe , Meng Chao , Wang Wen , Li Huafeng , Sun Yue , Li Mengyao , Ma Xiaoli , Ma Yuntong , Duan Chengyu , Li Kun
Published: April 2023

Mosquitoes are generally recognized as the most important vector of many zoonotic pathogens. In this study, seven mosquitoes species were identified (Anopheles pullus, Anopheles sinensis, Anopheles lesteri, Anopheles kleini, Ochlerotatus dorsalis, Aedes koreicus and Culex inatomii) in samples collected from Yingkou City, Liaoning Province, Northeastern China. A novel Rickettsia species was detected in Anopheles sinensis (two of 71, 2.82%) and Anopheles pullus (one of 106, 0.94%) mosquitoes. Genetic analysis indicated that the rrs and ompB genes have highest 99.60% and 97.88%–98.14% identities to Rickettsia felis, an emerging human pathogen of global concern mainly harboured by fleas, mosquitoes and booklice. The gltA sequences of these strains have 99.72% of nucleotide similarity with Rickettsia endosymbiont of Medetera jacula. The groEL sequences have 98.37% similarity to both Rickettsia tillamookensis and Rickettsia australis. The htrA sequences have 98.77% similarity to Rickettsia lusitaniae. In the phylogenetic tree based on concatenated nucleotide sequences of rrs, gltA, groEL, ompB and htrA genes, these strains are closely related to R. felis. Herein, we name it ‘Candidatus Rickettsia yingkouensis’. Its human pathogenicity to humans and animals is still to be determined.
Numerical Analysis of Temperature Separation and Exergy Analysis of a Dual-Inlet Section Convergent Vortex Tube
Authors: Singh Ravi Kant , Pramanick Achintya Kumar , Rana Subhas Chandra
Published: April 2023

The present study deals with the optimization of a counter flow vortex tube with a straight single intake section, straight dual intake section, and convergent dual intake section vortex tube model for different physical and flow parameters. The effect of variation of convergent angles (θ), intake pressures, and a number of inlet sections on the flow separation has been analyzed in the present study. ANSYS FLUENT software has been used to simulate flow considering air as a working fluid. Moreover, some physical and flow parameters such as intake pressure, cold temperature gradient (ΔTc), pressure loss ratio, cold mass fraction, and hot temperature gradient (ΔTh) have been studied to optimize the vortex tube. The coefficient of performance has been compared for various convergent angles from 1 deg to 5 deg. The result has been validated by the experimental and numerical studies performed previously. Moreover, the exergy analysis has also been conducted for the convergent dual intake vortex tube for various convergent angles, cold mass fraction, and intake pressure. The study concludes that the convergent vortex tube having a dual inlet section, 5-deg angle shows the optimized result for all the mass fraction and intake pressure, compared to a straight single intake section and straight dual intake vortex tube.
Performance Prediction of a Model Rotary Air Preheater Through Porous Media Approach
Authors: Padhi Manas Ranjan , Ghose Prakash
Published: April 2023

Rotary regenerative heat exchangers or rotary regenerators are used for various heat recovery applications in order to fulfill the energy requirements. Rotary air preheater is a rotary regenerative heat exchanger which is widely used in thermal power plants to recover heat energy from exhaust flue gases. Several numerical works are being carried out to improve the performance and reduce the cost of the rotary air preheater. However, the accurate modeling of the internal structure of the matrix demands a lot of CPU power and is a big challenge for researchers. To overcome this problem, the rotary matrix of the preheater can be modeled using a porous media approach. But a thorough investigation is required to evaluate its performance. In this work, rotary air preheater simulations were carried out by applying a porous media approach. The effects of different operating conditions, such as speed of rotor, the mass flowrate of incoming fluids, material of matrix, and inlet temperature of hot fluid on the performance of rotary air preheater were investigated. Simulation results were validated with the results obtained from the experimentation performed in-house. The effect of fluid flowrates on pressure drop was also studied. It has been observed that the rotational speed of the rotor significantly affects the performance of the preheater, while the inlet temperature of hot fluid has a negligible effect on performance.
Rotorcraft Robotic Landing Gear With Locking Mechanisms
Authors: Kim Dooroo , Butler Cason , Costello Mark
Published: April 2023

Robotic landing gear (RLG) for rotorcraft improves performance in landing on sloped uneven terrain, unprepared areas, and ship decks. The interaction between the feet of the RLG and the landing surface are pivotal to a successful landing event. Slipping or bouncing of the feet can lead to a failed landing and a catastrophic accident. Proposed herein is the use of locking mechanisms on the RLG feet in order to eliminate landing gear slip and bounce during the landing event. Through the use of a comprehensive multibody dynamic simulation, locking mechanisms on the RLG feet are shown to eliminate landing event failures that can occur with nonlocking landing gear configurations, at the expense of a moderate increase in landing gear loads during a landing event. Results indicate that landing event failures are eliminated even in the situation where some feet-locking mechanisms are inoperable or break away. Furthermore, RLG with feet locking mechanisms permit the reduction or elimination of the need for active control of the RLG legs. The results herein give guidance to the development of integrated RLG with locking mechanisms.
Design Considerations for Vertical Bifacial Agrivoltaic Installations
Authors: Ross Rucker W. , Birnie Dunbar P.
Published: April 2023

The expected annual energy output of vertical bifacial solar panel arrays was modeled with an eye on how array design attributes affect the output. We considered module height, cell density (single- or double-high racking), inter-row spacing, and inverter connection (rows of modules wired together or separately), and the inclusion of bypass diodes. We observed that these design choices have a substantial impact on the annual energy yield on a per-module basis and per-acre basis. We modeled the instantaneous brightness and shading based on the position of the sun and adjacent rows of modules, which caused nonuniform irradiance due to inter-row shading effects. Based on the irradiance, we calculated current, voltage, and power values throughout a year for different design strategies. Double-high racking, which uses two landscape-oriented modules stacked vertically, offers noteworthy power gains per acre with only a modest increase of inter-row shading. When bypass diodes are included in the module design and improved inverter wiring is used, much of the loss due to inter-row shading is mitigated, and the total power output per acre is nearly doubled, with modules seeing an 80% power increase per acre for 20 ft row spacing, and over 90% power increase per acre for 40 ft spacing.
Examining the Predictive Power of Emotional Intelligence on Coaching Success
Authors: Magrum Eric D. , Manninen Mika , Schempp Paul G.
Published: April 2023

Emotional intelligence (EI) is recognized as an indicator of success, yet little research has examined the role of EI in coaching success. This cross-sectional study assessed the power of EI in predicting coaches’ career winning percentage in 277 head collegiate coaches including 51 basketball and 226 volleyball coaches. Coaches were on average 41.47 years old (SD = 9.68), had 12.17 years of head coach experience (SD = 9.40), and a career winning percentage of 50.67% (SD = 16.5). Coaches completed an online questionnaire including the Assessing Emotions Scale, which was used to assess their EI. Career winning percentage was calculated by extracting data from institutional websites and NCAA databases. Regression analyses revealed EI was not a significant predictor of coaching success when all coaches were analyzed together, F(4, 272) = 0.7504, p = .5585. However, when examined separately, EI was a significant predictor of basketball coaches’ success, F(4, 46) = 2.678, p = .0433, but not volleyball coaches’ success, F(4, 221) = 0.363, p = .0835. Thus, the current body of evidence indicates EI has a nonuniform impact on coaching success. While acknowledging sample size limitations, these novel findings nevertheless indicate that EI may disproportionally influence the coaching process and downstream success by sport.
Localized immune surveillance of primary melanoma in the skin deciphered through executable modeling
Authors: Howell Rowan , Davies James , Clarke Matthew A. , Appios Anna , Mesquita Inês , Jayal Yashoda , Ringham-Terry Ben , Boned Del Rio Isabel , Fisher Jasmin , Bennett Clare L.
Published: April 2023

While skin is a site of active immune surveillance, primary melanomas often escape detection. Here, we have developed an in silico model to determine the local cross-talk between melanomas and Langerhans cells (LCs), the primary antigen-presenting cells at the site of melanoma development. The model predicts that melanomas fail to activate LC migration to lymph nodes until tumors reach a critical size, which is determined by a positive TNF-α feedback loop within melanomas, in line with our observations of murine tumors. In silico drug screening, supported by subsequent experimental testing, shows that treatment of primary tumors with MAPK pathway inhibitors may further prevent LC migration. In addition, our in silico model predicts treatment combinations that bypass LC dysfunction. In conclusion, our combined approach of in silico and in vivo studies suggests a molecular mechanism that explains how early melanomas develop under the radar of immune surveillance by LC.
CD34
+
cell–derived fibroblast-macrophage cross-talk drives limb ischemia recovery through the OSM-ANGPTL signaling axis
Authors: Song Yuwei , Yang Junyao , Li Tianrun , Sun Xiaotong , Lin Ruoran , He Yangyan , Sun Kai , Han Jingyan , Yang Guangxin , Li Xuan , Liu Bo , Yang Dongmin , Dang Guohui , Ma Xiaolong , Du Xing , Zhang Bohuan , Hu Yanhua , Kong Wei , Wang Xian , Zhang Hongkun , Xu Qingbo , Feng Juan
Published: April 2023

CD34
+
cells improve the perfusion and function of ischemic limbs in humans and mice. However, there is no direct evidence of the differentiation potential and functional role of these cells in the ischemic muscle microenvironment. Here, we combined the single-cell RNA sequencing and genetic lineage tracing technology, then provided exact single-cell atlases of normal and ischemic limb tissues in human and mouse, and consequently found that bone marrow (BM)–derived macrophages with antigen-presenting function migrated to the ischemic site, while resident macrophages underwent apoptosis. The macrophage oncostatin M (OSM) regulatory pathway was specifically turned on by ischemia. Simultaneously, BM CD34
+
-derived proregenerative fibroblasts were recruited to the ischemia niche, where they received macrophage-released OSM and promoted angiopoietin-like protein–associated angiogenesis. These findings provided mechanisms on the cellular events and cell-cell communications during tissue ischemia and regeneration and provided evidence that CD34
+
cells serve as fibroblast progenitors promoting tissue regeneration.
A 39,600-year-old leather punch board from Canyars, Gavà, Spain
Authors: Doyon Luc , Faure Thomas , Sanz Montserrat , Daura Joan , Cassard Laura , d’Errico Francesco
Published: April 2023

Puncture alignments are found on Palaeolithic carvings, pendants, and other fully shaped osseous artifacts. These marks were interpreted as abstract decorations, system of notations, and features present on human and animal depictions. Here, we create an experimental framework for the analysis and interpretation of human-made punctures and apply it to a highly intriguing, punctured bone fragment found at Canyars, an Early Upper Palaeolithic coastal site from Catalonia, Spain. Changes of tool and variation in the arrangement and orientation of punctures are consistent with the interpretation of this object as the earliest-known leather work punch board recording six episodes of hide pricking, one of which was to produce a linear seam. Our results indicate that Aurignacian hunters-gatherers used this technology to produce leather works and probably tailored clothes well before the introduction of bone eyed needles in Europe 15,000 years later.
Efficacy of a brain-penetrant antiviral in lethal Venezuelan and eastern equine encephalitis mouse models
Authors: Cao Xufeng , Yang Dong , Parvathareddy Jyothi , Chu Yong-kyu , Kim Eun Jung , Fitz-Henley Jhewelle N. , Li Xiaoyu , Lukka Pradeep B. , Parmar Keyur R. , Temrikar Zaid H. , Dhole Priya , Adcock Robert Scott , Gabbard Jon , Bansal Shruti , Lee Jasper , Zalduondo Lillian , Hayes Ernestine , Stabenow Jennifer , Meibohm Bernd , Fitzpatrick Elizabeth A. , Bailey Kevin , Campos Rafael K. , Julander Justin G. , Rossi Shannan L. , Chung Donghoon , Jonsson Colleen B. , Golden Jennifer E.
Published: April 2023

Venezuelan and eastern equine encephalitis viruses (VEEV and EEEV, respectively) are mosquito-borne, neuroinvasive human pathogens for which no FDA-approved therapeutic exists. Besides the biothreat posed by these viruses when aerosolized, arthropod transmission presents serious health risks to humans, as demonstrated by the 2019 outbreak of EEE disease in the United States that resulted in 38 confirmed cases, 19 deaths, and neurological effects in survivors. Here, we describe the discovery of a 2-pyrrolidinoquinazolinone scaffold, efficiently synthesized in two to five steps, whose structural optimization resulted in profound antiviral activity. The lead quinazolinone, BDGR-49, potently reduced cellular VEEV and EEEV titers by >7 log at 1 μM and exhibited suitable intravenous and oral pharmacokinetic profiles in BALB/c mice to achieve excellent brain exposure. Outstanding in vivo efficacy was observed in several lethal, subcutaneous infection mouse models using an 8-day dosing regimen. Prophylactically administered BDGR-49 at 25 mg kg
−1
per day fully protected against a 10× LD
50
VEEV Trinidad donkey (TrD) challenge in BALB/c mice. Similarly, we observed 70% protection when 10× LD
50
EEEV FL93-939–infected C57BL/6 mice were treated prophylactically with BDGR-49 at 50 mg kg
−1
per day. Last, we observed 100% therapeutic efficacy when mice, challenged with 10× LD
50
VEEV TrD, were dosed at 48 hours after infection with BDGR-49 at 25 mg kg
−1
per day. Mouse brain viral titers at 96 hours after infection were reduced to values near the limit of detection. Collectively, these results underscore the substantial development potential of a well-tolerated, brain-penetrant lead compound that shows promise in preventing and treating encephalitic alphavirus disease.
Identification of Embryonic Chicken Proteases Activating Newcastle Disease Virus and Their Roles in the Pathogenicity of Virus Used as
In Ovo
Vaccine
Authors: Feng Helong , Yao Lun , Zeng Zhe , Jiang Liren , Shang Yu , Wang Hongcai , Li Li , Wang Zichen , Wang Xin , Yang Hongchun , Zhao Qingqing , Ren Xiangfei , Zhang Tengfei , Zhang Rongrong , Guo Yunqing , Lu Qin , Hu Qiao , Zhang Wenting , Ding Chan , Shao Huabin , Cheng Guofu , Luo Qingping , Wen Guoyuan
Published: April 2023

As an attractive immunization approach for chickens,
in ovo
vaccination can induce a considerable degree of protection by the time of hatching, provide support in closing the window in which birds are susceptible to infection, facilitate fast and uniform vaccine delivery, and reduce labor costs by the use of mechanized injectors. The commercial live Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine strains are not safe for
in ovo
vaccination and cause the death of chicken embryos.
Morphogenesis of Bullet-Shaped Rabies Virus Particles Regulated by TSG101
Authors: Itakura Yukari , Tabata Koshiro , Saito Takeshi , Intaruck Kittiya , Kawaguchi Nijiho , Kishimoto Mai , Torii Shiho , Kobayashi Shintaro , Ito Naoto , Harada Michiko , Inoue Satoshi , Maeda Ken , Takada Ayato , Hall William W. , Orba Yasuko , Sawa Hirofumi , Sasaki Michihito
Published: April 2023

Enveloped viruses bud from cells with the host lipid bilayer. Generally, the membrane modulation and abscission are mediated by host ESCRT complexes.
Dissemination of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa bla
NDM-1
-Positive ST308 Clone in Singapore
Authors: Prakki Sai Rama Sridatta , Hon Pei Yun , Lim Ze Qin , Thevasagayam Natascha May , Loy Song Qi Dennis , De Partha Pratim , Marimuthu Kalisvar , Vasoo Shawn , Ng Oon Tek
Published: April 2023

P. aeruginosa
is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen ubiquitously found in the environment and a major cause of nosocomial infections. While the
P. aeruginosa
ST308 clone has been known to bear
bla
IMP
and
bla
VIM
among global isolates, reports of
bla
NDM-1
-positive
P. aeruginosa
ST308 are rare.
The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Slt2 Promotes Asymmetric Cell Cycle Arrest and Reduces TORC1-Sch9 Signaling in Yeast Lacking the Protein Phosphatase Ptc1
Authors: González-Rubio Gema , Martín Humberto , Molina María
Published: April 2023

This study provides further evidence that the cell cycle is regulated by complex signaling networks whose purpose is to guarantee a robust response to environmental threats. Using the
S. cerevisiae
eukaryotic model, we show that, under the stress conditions that activate the CWI MAPK pathway, the absence of the protein phosphatase Ptc1 renders Slt2 hyperactive, leading to numerous physiological alterations, including perturbed mitochondrial inheritance, oxidative stress, changes in septin dynamics, increased autophagy, TORC1-Sch9 inhibition, and ultimately cell cycle arrest and the failure of daughter cells to separate, likely due to the absence of key degradative enzymes at the septum.
Localized Cenozoic erosion on the southern African Plateau: A signal of topographic uplift?
Authors: Stanley J.R. , Flowers R.M.
Published: April 2023

Constraints on the erosion history of the southern African Plateau have played a key role in the debate over the plateau’s age and origins. Previous low-temperature thermochronology from the region has illuminated the Cretaceous erosion history but yielded little insight into Cenozoic erosion patterns. We capitalize on the low-temperature sensitivity of apatites with low effective uranium concentration (eU) from kimberlites and examine a compilation of kimberlite apatite (U-Th)/He dates from across the plateau to investigate Cenozoic cooling. Dates from low-eU (<25 ppm) apatites show a range of Miocene to Cretaceous dates while higher-eU dates are dominantly Cretaceous. Thermal history modeling shows that these data patterns are well replicated by a phase of spatially variable cooling in the Cenozoic that ranges from minimal to 25 °C, equating to as much as ~1250 m of erosion. Not all kimberlites record this cooling phase, but those that do are concentrated near paleo- and modern river valleys. These patterns appear best explained by Cenozoic river incision driven by increased rock uplift that caused associated topographic development. Although more data and different tools are needed to resolve temporal and spatial details, this compilation provides the first glimpse of Cenozoic erosion patterns across the plateau surface from thermochronology.
Supplemental Material: Detrital zircon U-Pb and Hf isotope signature of Carboniferous and older strata of the Yukon-Tanana terrane in Yukon, Canadian Cordillera: Implications for terrane correlations and the onset of Late Devonian arc magmatism
Authors: Kroeger Emma D.L. , al. et , Colpron Maurice
Published: April 2023

Figure S1: Geological map of the Finlayson Lake area (modified after Manor et al., 2022a; and Murphy et al., 2006). Figure S2: Geological map of the Glenlyon area (modified after Colpron et al., 2006b). Figure S3: Geological map of the Swift River area (modified after Roots et al., 2006). Figure S4: Radial plots for detrital zircon U-Pb results presented in Table S1. Table S1. Detrital zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb geochronology data. Table S2: Detrital zircon Lu-Hf isotopic data. 
Study protocol of a multicentre double-blind RCT, comparing a traditional RCT with an aggregated N-of-1 trial: GAG therapy Efficacy Trial Solution for Bladder pain syndrome/Interstitial cystitis (GETSBI study)
Authors: van Ginkel Charlotte , Baars Cléo , Heesakkers John , Martens Frank , Janssen Dick
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Obtaining level 1 evidence on efficacy of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) therapy is difficult, due to low incidence of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) and heterogeneous symptoms experienced by patients with BPS/IC. Currently, because of a lack of high-grade evidence, the recommendation for applying GAG therapy in most guidelines is ‘low grade’. An aggregated N-of-1 trial is a multicrossover design that yields similar level 1 evidence as a traditional randomised controlled trial (RCT), while requiring far less patients. The goal of this study is to investigate the efficacy of intravesical GAG therapy (Ialuril) for patients with BPS/IC with Hunner lesions using a dual RCT and aggregated N-of-1 trial design to obtain level 1 evidence.

Methods and analysis

The GETSBI study is a double-blind multidesign multicentre randomised placebo-controlled study to assess the short-term and long-term efficacy of hyaluronic acid (1.6%) + chondroitin sulfate (2%) therapy (Ialuril Prefill, IBSA, Goodlife) in patients with symptomatic BPS/IC with Hunner lesions. It starts as a standard RCT (n=80), but continues as an aggregated N-of-1 trial. There are three parallel arms, receiving blinded treatment for three periods (1 x/week for 6 weeks, ratio placebo to intervention in periods of 2:1). Followed by an open prospective part for the long-term efficacy. The primary study outcome is the maximum bladder pain experienced in the last 3 days measured using the visual analogue pain scale (0–10).

This study is a collaboration with the Dutch government and will deliver evidence for the decision to reimburse the therapy. Furthermore, this multidesign study will allow us to compare the two main methods to evaluate applicability for future study designs for BPS/IC research.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval was given by METC Oost-Nederland, file number: 2020-7265, NL-number: NL76290.091.20. Findings from this study will be disseminated via publication, reports and conference presentations.

Trial registration number

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number):NCT05518864.
Risk factors of breast cancer-related lymphoedema: protocol of an umbrella review
Authors: Shen Aomei , Lu Qian , Zhang Liyuan , Bian Jingru , Zhu Fei , Zhang Zijuan , Qiang Wanmin
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Breast cancer-related lymphoedema (BCRL) is a progressive and debilitating complication post-breast cancer treatment. Identifying potential risk factors facilitates the prevention and management of BCRL. Multiple systematic reviews have been conducted to address the variables correlated with the occurrence of BCRL. This study aims to identify and examine factors predicting the development of BCRL, to clarify the predicting mechanism of these factors, as well to determine the credibility of risk factors for BCRL.

Methods and analysis

This umbrella review will be conducted with the methodological guidance of the Joanna Briggs Institute and the Cochrane handbook. A comprehensive systematic search will be performed in ten databases: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, CNKI, SinoMed, Wangfang database, the JBI Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. The search for unpublished studies will include ProQuest and the PROSPERO register. Reference lists will also be hand searched. Two reviewers will independently screen the studies, extract data and assess the methodological quality using the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews-2 and the Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews. The degree of overlap between included reviews will be assessed by calculating the Corrected Covered Area. The credibility of the associations between risk factors and lymphoedema will be graded into four classes: convincing, highly suggestive, suggestive and weak, referring to the classification system of recent umbrella reviews. A descriptive, narrative synthesis and suggestions for clinical practice and future research will be made based on included systematic reviews, considering the quality of the evidence.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required for this umbrella review. We will seek to submit the results for publication in a peer-reviewed journal or present it at conferences.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022375710.
Abortion policies at the bedside: a response
Authors: Blackshaw Bruce Philip
Published: April 2023

Herseyet alhave outlined a proposed ethical framework for assessing abortion policies that locates the effect of government legislation between the provider and the patient, emphasising its influence on interactions between them. They claim that their framework offers an alternative to the personal moral claims that lie behind legislation restricting abortion access. However, they fail to observe that their own understanding of reproductive justice and the principles of medical ethics are similarly predicated on their individual moral beliefs. Consequently, the conclusions obtained from their framework are also derived from their individual beliefs, and have no claim to being objective.
Optimising and personalising behavioural healthcare in the US Department of Defense through Primary Care Behavioral Health
Authors: Goodie Jeffrey L , Hunter C L , Dobmeyer A C
Published: April 2023

Over the past 25 years, one way the US Department of Defense (DoD) has worked to optimise and personalise the delivery of behavioural healthcare is by integrating behavioural health providers into primary care settings. Using the Primary Care Behavioral Health (PCBH) model for integration allows behavioural health providers to see service members and their families for brief and targeted appointments. These appointments are focused on ensuring that the patient receives the care that is needed, while reducing the barriers (eg, delays in receiving care, negative stigma, isolated from other medical care) that are often associated with seeking behavioural healthcare. We review the primary components of the PCBH model, detail the history of how the DoD implemented the PCBH model, review the training methods used by the DoD and briefly describe some of the research that has been conducted by the DoD evaluating the PCBH model.
Impaired glymphatic system as evidenced by low diffusivity along perivascular spaces is associated with cerebral small vessel disease: a population-based study
Authors: Tian Yu , Cai Xueli , Zhou Yijun , Jin Aoming , Wang Suying , Yang Yingying , Mei Lerong , Jing Jing , Li Shan , Meng Xia , Wei Tiemin , Liu Tao , Wang Yongjun , Pan Yuesong , Wang Yilong
Published: April 2023

Objective

This study aims to investigate the associations of glymphatic system with the presence, severity and neuroimaging phenotypes of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) in a community-based population.

Method

This report included 2219 community-dwelling people aged 50–75 years who participated in the PolyvasculaR Evaluation for Cognitive Impairment and vaScular Events cohort. The diffusivity along perivascular spaces based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI-ALPS index) was measured to assess glymphatic pathway. The presence and severity of CSVD were estimated using a CSVD score (points from 0 to 6) and a modified CSVD score (points from 0 to 4), which were driven by 4 neuroimaging features of CSVD, including white matter hyperintensity (WMH), enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS), lacunes, cerebral microbleeds. Brain atrophy (BA) was also evaluated. Binary or ordinal logistic regression analyses were carried out to investigate the relationships of DTI-ALPS index with CSVD.

Result

The mean age was 61.3 (SD 6.6) years, and 1019 (45.9%) participants were men. The average DTI-ALPS index was 1.67±0.14. Individuals in the first quartile (Q1) of the DTI-ALPS index had higher risks of the presence of CSVD (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.33 to 2.35, p<0.001), modified presence of CSVD (odds ratio (OR) 1.80, 95% CI 1.38 to 2.34, p<0.001), total burden of CSVD (common OR (cOR) 1.89, 95% CI 1.43 to 2.49, p<0.001) and modified total burden of CSVD (cOR 1.95, 95% CI 1.51 to 2.50, p<0.001) compared with those in the fourth quartile (Q4). Additionally, individuals in Q1 of the DTI-ALPS index had increased risks of WMH burden, modified WMH burden, lacunes, basal ganglia-EPVS and BA (all p<0.05).

Conclusion

A lower DTI-ALPS index underlay the presence, severity and typical neuroimaging markers of CSVD, implying that glymphatic impairment may interact with CSVD-related pathology in the general ageing population.

Trial registration number

NCT03178448.
Effects of sugarcane extract on growth and diarrhea of growing piglets
Authors: Wang Kai , Ren Xin , Shen Xiangxing , Li Yansen , Xia Yangchun , Li Zhaojian , Li Chunmei
Published: April 2023

This experiment evaluated the effects of sugarcane extract (SCE) on growing pigs' diarrhea incidence, serum immunity, intestinal morphology, and antioxidant enzyme activity. A total of 116 52-day-old commercial pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Jiaxing Black, average weight of 11 ± 1 kg) were randomly allocated to control (CON, basal diet) and 1% SCE group (SCEG, basal diet + 1% SCE). The experiment lasted four weeks. Compared with CON, diarrhea incidence (SCEG: 74.11% versus CON: 54.76%) and diarrhea index (SCEG: 83.65% versus CON: 73.61%) dropped largely in pigs supplemented with SCE. Villus height in the duodenum ( p < 0.01) and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth ( p < 0.05) increased in SCEG. Dietary SCE enhanced the activity of catalase (CAT) capacity, and decreased tumor necrosis factor α, and malondialdehyde levels in serum ( p < 0.05). CAT activity in the ileum increased ( p < 0.05) in piglets supplemented with SCE. Thus, dietary supplementation with SCE improved diarrhea incidence, serum antioxidant capacity and immunity, and intestinal villus morphology and may be used as an efficient antibiotic alternative in weaned piglet feed.
Echoes of black holes in Einstein-nonlinear electrodynamic theories
Authors: Sang Aofei , Zhang Ming , Wei Shao-Wen , Jiang Jie
Published: April 2023

Black hole echo is an important observable that can help us better understand gravitational theories. The non-linear electrodynamic black holes can admit multi-horizon, and the destruction of outer horizons does not violate the weak cosmic censorship, which leads to the multi-peak effective potential for the scalar perturbations and give rise to the echoes. Putting the initial wave packet released outside the peaks, we find that the time-domain profile of the echo will split when the peaks of the effective potential change from two to three. This is a distinctive phenomenon of black hole echo and it might be possible to determine the geometric structure of the non-linear electrodynamic black hole. We also analyse the properties of echo produced by different kinds of effective potentials.
A positive cosmological constant as a geometrical artifact
Authors: Apostolopoulos Pantelis S. , Tsipogiannis Christos
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we revisit the classical mechanism to produce [Formula: see text]-dimensional spacetimes via Kaluza–Klein compactification. We made the assumption that the [Formula: see text]-dimensional bulk geometry [Formula: see text] admits a Homothetic Vector Field (HVF) [Formula: see text] relaxing the existence of a zero i.e. [Formula: see text] holds on [Formula: see text] and the homothetic bivector [Formula: see text]. Under these circumstances, we identify the origin of a positive cosmological constant in the [Formula: see text]-dimensional spacetime as the homothetic factor representing a geometrical artifact of late time state of the [Formula: see text]-dimensional bulk spacetime.
Effects of massive gravity on s-wave holographic superconductor
Authors: Parai Diganta , Pal Suchetana , Gangopadhyay Sunandan
Published: April 2023

In this paper, analytical investigation of the properties of [Formula: see text]-wave holographic superconductors in the background of a massive gravity theory in the probe limit has been carried out by employing the Sturm–Liouville eigenvalue method. We obtain the analytical expression for the relation between the critical temperature and the charge density. We also obtain the expression for the condensation operator and value of the critical exponent. We observe that as we increase the massive gravity couplings, the critical temperature increases and the condensate decreases. Then we compute the frequency dependence of conductivity by solving analytically the wave equation for electromagnetic perturbations. From the real part of the conductivity, we finally estimate the energy band gap. Our results show that as one keeps on increasing the coupling parameters of the massive gravity background, the band gap energy increases compared to the holographic superconductors constructed in the Einstein gravity background. The results indicate that massive background is more favorable than Einstein gravity background for constructing a gravity dual of the strongly coupled high [Formula: see text] superconductor as it enhances the value of the critical temperature.
On Statistically Pre-Cauchy Sequences of Complex Uncertain Variables Defined by Orlicz Functions
Authors: Nath Jagannath , Das Birojit , Bhattacharya Baby , Tripathy Binod Chandra
Published: April 2023

In this treatise, we define statistically pre-Cauchy sequences of complex uncertain variable for five cases of uncertainty viz., in mean, in measure, in distribution, in almost surely and in uniformly almost surely and we confine our study to statistically pre-Cauchy sequence in mean, in measure and in distribution only. Furthermore, we establish the relationship between statistically pre-Cauchy and statistically convergent sequence by using complex uncertain variables. Finally, we initiate the study of statistically pre-Cauchy sequences of complex uncertain variables via Orlicz functions also.
The Modularity Condition for Uni-Nullnorms
Authors: Fang Bo Wen
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we are mainly to solve the functional equations given by the modularity condition. Modularity condition between disjunctive (resp. conjunctive) uni-nullnorms and some most studied classes of binary aggregation operators (i.e., t-norms, t-conorms, uninorms and semi-t-operators) are discussed. Both positive and negative results of modularity condition for uni-nullnorms are obtained. Since uni-nullnorms are an extension of nullnorms and uninorms, previous results about modularity condition for nullnorms and uninorms in [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] can be obtained as simple corollaries.